PMID- 4014225
TI  - Histidine-rich glycoprotein and changes in the components of the fibrinolytic
      system after streptokinase therapy in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism.
AB  - Although the biological function of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is unknown,
      it may serve as an antifibrinolytic agent by interfering with the binding of
      plasminogen to fibrin. To define the role of HRG, plasma titers were measured by
      single radial immunodiffusion in eleven patients with thromboembolism before and
      after streptokinase (SK) therapy and were found unchanged (84.7 +/- 6.2%, M +/-
      SEM before, and 99.5 +/- 6.3% after 12 hr of SK therapy). The HRG peaks on
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis before and after SK infusion were also unchanged.
      Alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor fell during SK infusion as measured immunologically
      (102.0 +/- 15.0% before and 28.0 +/- 1.6% after 12 hr of therapy) and fibrinogen
      fibrin degradative products appeared (mean titer of 1:2,048 after 12 hr of
      therapy), indicating that the infused SK was biologically active. Plasminogen
      levels before therapy were normal, as measured functionally and immunologically
      (105.4 +/- 4.9% and 96.0 +/- 5.6%, respectively), and both decreased after 12 hr
      of SK therapy (15.2 +/- 5.6% and 50.8 +/- 4.3%). No changes in functional
      antithrombin III titer, Hageman factor antigen level, or fibrinogen
      concentration, as measured turbidimetrically, were observed. Thus, although these
      data do not allow one to make any firm conclusions regarding the physiologic role
      of this protein in fibrinolysis, they do not exclude its increased catabolism,
      compensated by increased production, in patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy.

PMID- 4014226
TI  - Treatment of hemophilic arthritis with D-penicillamine: a preliminary report.
AB  - Current medical management programs for established joint diseases in
      hemophiliacs are unsatisfactory and do not modify the eventual outcome. D
      penicillamine, a drug effective in the proliferative synovitis of rheumatoid
      arthritis, was evaluated in a rabbit model of hemarthroses-induced arthritis and
      in four hemophiliacs with chronic synovitis. The animals had intra-articular
      injections of citrate (left knees) and autologous citrated whole blood (right
      knees). Eight weeks later, the rabbits were divided into two groups: no treatment
      and D-penicillamine (50 mg/kg/day, IM) until sacrificed at 6 months. The saline
      injected joints showed no inflammation and no iron deposition. The blood-injected
      knees showed iron deposition in both groups, the D-penicillamine animals had
      marked suppression of chronic inflammation. Of the four patients treated, three
      had clinical responses (reduction in synovial thickness, reduction in number of
      bleeds in the affected joint). One patient, who did not respond, developed mild
      moderate proteinuria. Those patients who responded received between 5.3 and 7.1
      mg/kg/day of the drug. Mild abnormalities in platelet aggregation were seen in
      the responders. This preliminary study suggests that D-penicillamine is
      beneficial in the chronic synovitis/arthritis induced by hemarthroses. Further
      trials are recommended.

PMID- 4014227
TI  - Obstructive jaundice from hepatic amyloidosis in a patient with multiple myeloma.
AB  - A patient with multiple myeloma is described who developed severe intrahepatic
      cholestasis secondary to hepatic deposition of amyloid. This is the first
      reported case of this complication's developing in a patient with multiple
      myeloma.

PMID- 4014228
TI  - Autoimmune hyperthyroidism and thrombocytopenia developing in a patient with
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - A 56-year-old white man is described whose course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      (CLL) was complicated by the occurrence of the autoimmune
      hyperthyroidism/thrombocytopenia syndrome. The implications of this syndrome on
      the treatment of CLL are discussed.

PMID- 4014229
TI  - Pharmacoepidemiology: emerging roles for pharmacists.

PMID- 4014230
TI  - Demonstrating mutagenicity using the Ames test.

PMID- 4014231
TI  - College of pharmacy-teaching hospital relationships: building strength.
AB  - Perhaps the most important factor to focus on is that organizations work because
      of the people in them; also, they don't work because of the people in them.
      Perhaps some people in some of our organizations need changing. Hospitals and
      colleges face similar issues that need to be worked on together. The philosophy
      of collaboration needs adopting because competition will not provide the success
      desired by the college or the hospital. Without a strong commitment on the part
      of decision makers, time and effort will be wasted. There must be an active
      process. It can't be talked about only once a year. There should also be an
      ongoing, active process at the national level. We must build on our mutual needs.
      We must use positive approaches rather than developing more negative arguments.
      The key to success is to concentrate more heavily on communications, visibility,
      and accountability. F. Scott Fitzgerald put it this way: The test of a first-rate
      intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time
      and still retain the ability to function. We have three ideas that at times are
      in opposition. Service, education, and research can be integrated by applying the
      intelligence found in every teaching hospital and college of pharmacy.

PMID- 4014232
TI  - National audit of drug information centers.
AB  - A comprehensive audit of drug information centers (DICs) was conducted to obtain
      information on sources of funding, staffing, information resources,
      computerization, workload, and scope of services and activities and to examine
      the role of DICs in education, patient care, and research. Responses were
      obtained from 98 of the 121 DICs surveyed. The scope of activities and services
      varied considerably between centers and depended on such factors as source of
      funding, size of institution, academic affiliation, staffing, and workload. Many
      DICs are involved in writing newsletters, preparing information for pharmacy and
      therapeutics committee meetings, developing and updating formularies, and
      providing contract services to other organizations. The patient-care activities
      of DICs include providing consultations, performing drug-use reviews, monitoring
      adverse drug reactions, and coordinating investigational drug studies; DICs are
      also involved in training undergraduate and graduate pharmacy students and
      residents and conducting research projects. Large workloads and lack of time were
      cited most often as factors limiting DIC participation in patient-care,
      educational, and research activities. Because DICs are involved in a wide variety
      of educational, research, and patient-care activities, more emphasis should be
      placed on documenting the costs of these services in relation to their benefits
      to the institution.

PMID- 4014233
TI  - Managing employee apprehension toward handling cytotoxic drugs.
AB  - A strategy for dealing with employee apprehension about handling cytotoxic agents
      without a biological safety cabinet is described. Available evidence in the
      literature concerning the health risks of handling cytotoxic drugs was reviewed
      with employees. A committee was appointed to evaluate the institution's needs and
      current practices for handling cytotoxic agents. Airflow studies were conducted
      in the pharmacy department's sterile preparation areas, and policies and
      procedures were developed for use until biological safety cabinets could be
      installed. Plans were developed for dealing with special situations, such as
      exemption of certain employees from preparation of cytotoxic drugs or refusal of
      an employee to prepare these drugs. Managers can substantially reduce employees'
      apprehension about handling cytotoxic drugs by keeping employees informed about
      departmental plans, listening to their concerns, and developing procedures for
      safe handling of these agents.

PMID- 4014234
TI  - Twenty-four hour emergency pharmaceutical services.
AB  - Operation of an emergency department satellite pharmacy in which the pharmacist
      provided clinical, educational, and drug distribution services during patient
      visits is described. In a Detroit trauma and ambulatory-care center, drugs were
      dispensed to outpatients 24 hours a day from a satellite pharmacy located in the
      75-bed emergency department. Emergency department pharmaceutical services were
      expanded to include distributive, clinical, and educational activities by the
      pharmacist on a 24-hour basis. The pharmacist contributed to improved inventory
      control and billing for drug products. When reductions in the work force were
      necessary, the institution chose to retain 24-hour pharmacist coverage during
      emergency department patient visits and to eliminate 24-hour dispensing to
      outpatients. In this urban trauma center, the emergency department pharmacist's
      clinical, distributive, and educational services contributed substantially to
      delivery of patient care.

PMID- 4014235
TI  - Decision analysis applied to the purchase of frozen premixed intravenous
      admixtures.
AB  - A structured decision-analysis model was used to evaluate frozen premixed
      cefazolin admixtures. Decision analysis is a process of stating the desired
      outcome, establishing and weighting evaluation criteria, identifying options for
      reaching the outcome, evaluating and numerically ranking each option for each
      criterion, multiplying the ranking by the weight for each criterion, and
      calculating total points for each option. It was used to compare objectively
      frozen premixed cefazolin admixtures with batch reconstitution from vials and
      reconstitution of lyophilized, ready-to-mix containers. In this institution the
      model numerically demonstrated a distinct preference for the premixed frozen
      admixture over these other alternatives. A comparison of these results with the
      total cost impact of each option resulted in a decision to purchase the frozen
      premixed solution. The advantages of the frozen premixed solution that
      contributed most to this decision were decreased waste and personnel time. The
      latter was especially important since it allowed for the reallocation of
      personnel resources to other potentially cost-reducing clinical functions.
      Decision analysis proved to be an effective tool for formalizing the process of
      selecting among various alternatives to reach a desired outcome in this hospital
      pharmacy.

PMID- 4014236
TI  - Compatibility of clindamycin phosphate with cefotaxime sodium or netilmicin
      sulfate in small-volume admixtures.
AB  - The stability and compatibility of clindamycin phosphate plus either cefotaxime
      sodium or netilmicin sulfate in small-volume intravenous admixtures were studied.
      Admixtures containing each drug alone and two-drug admixtures of clindamycin
      phosphate plus cefotaxime sodium or netilmicin sulfate were prepared in 100 mL of
      5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in both glass bottles
      and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags. Final concentrations of clindamycin,
      cefotaxime, and netilmicin were 9, 20, and 3 mg/mL, respectively. All solutions
      were prepared in duplicate and stored at room temperature (24 +/- 2 degrees C).
      Samples were visually inspected, tested for pH, and assayed for antibiotic
      concentration using stability-indicating assays at 0, 1, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours
      for admixtures in glass bottles and at 0, 8, and 24 hours for admixtures in PVC
      bags. No substantial changes in color, clarity, pH, or drug concentration were
      observed in any of the solutions. Clindamycin phosphate is compatible with
      cefotaxime sodium or netilmicin sulfate in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride
      injections in glass bottles or PVC bags for 24 hours.

PMID- 4014237
TI  - Advice of manufacturers about effects of temperature on biologicals.
AB  - Information was obtained from manufacturers on the stability of biologicals when
      exposed to higher-than-recommended temperatures, and procedures were developed
      for determining whether the quality of these products is compromised after such
      exposure. Questionnaires were sent to 24 manufacturers asking for product
      information regarding stability of frozen biologicals exposed to refrigeration or
      room temperature, stability of refrigerated biologicals exposed to room
      temperature, shelf life under optimal conditions, and recommended transport
      temperature. Information was provided by 20 of the manufacturers. Some
      manufacturers declined to make general recommendations; instead, they stated that
      the manufacturer should be contacted regarding the individual situation. The
      responses indicated that most products do not require freezing for storage and
      transport. Most must be stored refrigerated but can be transported at room
      temperature. Use of manufacturers' stability recommendations can help the
      pharmacist determine whether biologicals are of an acceptable quality for patient
      use.

PMID- 4014239
TI  - Two approaches to cost containment in hospital pharmacy.

PMID- 4014238
TI  - Repercussions of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of
      1984.
AB  - Recently enacted legislation involving patent terms and the approval of new
      generic equivalent drug products is described, and the law's potential
      repercussions are discussed. The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term
      Restoration Act of 1984 (PL 98-417) consists of two titles that affect
      introduction procedures and patent requirements for certain types of generic new
      drug products. Title I allows drug manufacturers to use an abbreviated new drug
      application when seeking approval to make generic copies of drug products that
      were approved by the FDA after 1962. Title II encourages drug manufacturers to
      assume the increased costs of research and development of certain products that
      were subject to premarketing clearance by restoring some of the time lost on
      patent life while the product was awaiting FDA approval. Legislative analysts
      continue to question whether the short-term gains of eased market access to the
      generic manufacturers will be outweighed by the long-term benefits of patent
      extensions to the pioneer drug companies. The potential difficulties in the
      implementation of the Act and unresolved questions of law surrounding the new law
      are discussed. The possible effects of the new law on the drug manufacturing
      industry and market composition are described. Since PL 98-417 was implemented in
      September 1984, little has been settled in the way of implementing its provisions
      or accurately measuring its nonregulatory impact. It seems certain that the bill
      will be difficult to regulate and that litigation will proliferate. Furthermore,
      the impact of the statute on the composition of the drug industry will
      undoubtedly be substantial.

PMID- 4014241
TI  - Computer help for missing doses and refills.

PMID- 4014240
TI  - Physician perception of a triplicate prescription law.

PMID- 4014242
TI  - Using fluorescence of antineoplastic agents to demonstrate proper handling
      technique.

PMID- 4014243
TI  - Reporting problems about medical devices.

PMID- 4014244
TI  - Directions for clinical practice in pharmacy. Proceedings of an invitational
      conference conducted by the ASHP Research and Education Foundation and the
      American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. February 10-13, 1985.

PMID- 4014245
TI  - Pharmacy as a clinical profession.

PMID- 4014246
TI  - Panel discussion on realities of contemporary practice.

PMID- 4014247
TI  - Practitioner-educator coalition for reprofessionalizing an occupation.

PMID- 4014248
TI  - Practice perspective on practitioner-educator relationships.

PMID- 4014249
TI  - Building our image as a clinical profession.

PMID- 4014250
TI  - Controlling cephalosporin and aminoglycoside costs through pharmacy and
      therapeutics committee restrictions.
AB  - The cost-reducing effect of antibiotic restrictions imposed by a pharmacy and
      therapeutics (P & T) committee was evaluated. The pharmacy department developed
      guidelines restricting the use of second-generation cephalosporins and
      aminoglycosides in cooperation with the infectious disease division. The P & T
      committee approved the restrictions, and the pharmacy department disseminated
      information on the program to the hospital's physicians. Specific indications
      were developed for the use of amikacin, tobramycin, cefoxitin, and cefamandole.
      In order to prescribe a restricted antibiotic, physicians are required to write
      an approved indication on the physician's order form. Residents cannot prescribe
      restricted antibiotics for unapproved indications unless they acquire the
      signature of an attending physician. Pharmacy personnel closely monitor the
      restricted antibiotic use and enforce the established guidelines. The major
      impact of the restrictions was the reversal of a previous trend toward the use of
      more expensive second-generation cephalosporins and tobramycin to the use of
      first-generation cephalosporins and gentamicin. Injectable antibiotic expenses
      decreased by $193,172 in the first 12 months of the program. Antibiotic
      restrictions imposed by the P & T committee were effective in reducing the cost
      of antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 4014251
TI  - Implementing clinical pharmacy services in an outpatient oncology clinic.
AB  - The implementation of clinical pharmacy services in an outpatient oncology clinic
      is described. An oncologist hired by the department of internal medicine and the
      director of the department of pharmacy designed the program. Both departments
      agreed that the pharmacists should have central responsibility for the
      antineoplastic agents. Pharmacists for the program were selected from the
      existing staff. They were trained in an established i.v. therapy certification
      course offered by the hospital. The biweekly clinics are staffed by a team
      consisting of two pharmacists, three nurses, two faculty physicians, and a
      rotating resident physician. The pharmacists provide clinical and distributive
      services including patient monitoring and medication storage, delivery,
      preparation, administration, and disposal. A survey showed that the pharmacists
      were well accepted by the other members of the team. After a trial period,
      principles of break-even analysis and differential accounting were used to
      justify the costs of the program. This program will remain an integral part of
      this hospital's pharmaceutical services.

PMID- 4014252
TI  - Compatibility of heparin sodium and morphine sulfate.
AB  - The compatibility of morphine sulfate and heparin sodium was studied in solutions
      of deionized water and 0.9% sodium chloride. Crystalline morphine sulfate was
      reconstituted and heparin sodium 100 or 200 units/mL was added. Duplicate samples
      with a final volume of 5 mL were prepared and stored at room temperature.
      Morphine sulfate concentrations were 1, 2, 5, and 10 mg/mL in each diluent with
      each heparin concentration. Samples were visually inspected immediately after
      preparation and at 0.5 and 24 hours; pH was tested before adding heparin and at
      0.5 and 24 hours. Similar procedures were followed adding morphine to the
      heparin. Samples containing morphine sulfate 2 and 10 mg/mL were analyzed by high
      performance liquid chromatography for morphine concentrations immediately before
      adding heparin and at 0.5 and 24 hours. Precipitate appeared immediately after
      the second drug was added in samples containing morphine sulfate 10 mg/mL at both
      heparin concentrations in the water admixtures. No precipitate formed in any
      solutions containing morphine concentrations of 5 mg/mL or less nor in any
      samples containing 0.9% sodium chloride. In both diluents, pH values decreased as
      morphine sulfate concentrations increased. Morphine sulfate concentrations
      decreased significantly in water admixtures but not in admixtures prepared with
      0.9% sodium chloride solution. Morphine sulfate and heparin sodium are
      incompatible only at morphine concentrations greater than 5 mg/mL. The
      incompatibility can be prevented by using 0.9% sodium chloride as the admixture
      diluent.

PMID- 4014253
TI  - Evaluation of an extension set for intermittent intravenous drug delivery to
      infants.
AB  - An intravenous administration set designed for delivery of drug doses to
      pediatric patients was tested in vitro for the effect of fluid density and flow
      rate on drug delivery, and delivery of drug by this extension set was compared in
      vivo with delivery by other methods. Gentamicin (as the sulfate salt) and
      penicillin G potassium were used to represent low-density and high-density drugs,
      respectively; a 1-mL solution of each drug, labeled with carbon 14, was tested
      with each of two primary infusion solutions: 0.45% sodium chloride injection and
      10% dextrose injection. The drug dose was injected via a port into a piston
      containing chamber from which an equivalent amount of the primary fluid was
      displaced. Serial samples collected from the end of the filter-containing
      extension set were analyzed for drug concentration using a liquid scintillation
      technique. In 12 infants receiving i.v. gentamicin, this delivery method was
      compared in a randomized crossover trial with delivery by a syringe pump and by
      i.v. push. Each delivery system was used on one of three consecutive days, and
      serum gentamicin concentrations were measured by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay.
      The time required for in vitro delivery of the dose was dependent on flow rate.
      Density of the drug solution or the primary i.v. fluid did not significantly
      affect drug delivery. Serum gentamicin concentrations were not significantly
      different for the three delivery methods, but variability of drug delivery was
      greatest with the pediatric extension set. This pediatric extension set provides
      accurate and reliable drug delivery at primary infusion flow rates slower than 10
      mL/hr when the drug dosage volume is 2-3 mL or less.

PMID- 4014254
TI  - Pharmacists' perceptions of mental health care, psychiatrists, and mentally ill
      patients.
AB  - The attitudes of hospital pharmacists in Texas toward mental health care,
      psychiatrists, and mentally ill patients were evaluated. The pretested survey
      instrument contained 33 statements, which the respondents graded on a five-step
      Likert scale. These questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 300
      pharmacists. In general, the 170 respondents perceived psychiatrists and mentally
      ill patients in a positive manner. The psychiatrist was viewed as a true
      professional with legitimate expertise, and mentally ill patients were considered
      to be basically similar to normal individuals, generally rational, nondangerous,
      and without blame for their disease. The pharmacists showed more negative
      attitudes toward hospitals for mentally ill patients. They supported statements
      that depicted mental hospitals as understaffed, too drug oriented, and at times
      insensitive to individual needs. The surveyed hospital pharmacists generally
      demonstrated healthy, unprejudiced views toward psychiatrists and mentally ill
      patients; however, their attitudes toward mental hospitals were skewed in the
      negative direction.

PMID- 4014255
TI  - Challenges in purchasing and inventory control.
AB  - In this concluding installment in a multipart series, issues that should be
      considered in the improvement of hospital pharmacy purchasing and inventory
      control systems are presented. Pharmacists must be aware of possible variation in
      bioavailability among different formulations of the same drug and evaluate new
      vendors critically. Hospital pharmacists and industry representatives should
      strive for a cooperative relationship by fostering ongoing dialogue. Pharmacists
      must continue to demand competitive bid prices on generically equivalent products
      of equal quality. Firm contact prices cannot be expected if product use estimates
      are unreliable. It is unethical to encourage additional price reductions on
      competitive products after a formal bid has been received. Institutions should
      limit their participation to one group purchasing organization or wholesaler for
      the competitive bid process. Inventory management through methods such as ABC
      analysis, economic-order quantities, calculated optimum reorder points, and other
      quantitative measurements should become commonplace. The use of data processing
      systems and devices can enable pharmacists to become more proficient at
      pharmaceutical purchasing and inventory control. The acquisition and distribution
      of pharmaceuticals in health-care institutions require good management to capture
      the opportunities in this area for pharmacy to contribute to fiscally sound
      health care.

PMID- 4014256
TI  - Gynecomastia in a hospitalized male population.

PMID- 4014257
TI  - Potential hazards of 67gallium lung scanning.

PMID- 4014258
TI  - Effects of a high-complex-carbohydrate, low-fat, low-cholesterol diet on levels
      of serum lipids and estradiol.

PMID- 4014259
TI  - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. From folklore to facts.
AB  - The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a simple, inexpensive laboratory test that
      clinicians have used for decision-making for over 50 years. Despite this fact,
      many criticize the test because of its lack of specificity and because the
      concept of erythrocyte sedimentation rate as a "sickness index" seems
      scientifically unsound. This review discusses the physical and chemical
      properties that govern red blood cell sedimentation, how sedimentation is
      measured, and the way in which the erythrocyte sedimentation rate has previously
      been used to assist in the diagnosis of infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic
      disease. The clinical significance, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive
      value of a low or elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate are also re-evaluated.

PMID- 4014260
TI  - Fever and abdominal mass in a 74-year-old man with long-standing vena caval
      obstruction.

PMID- 4014261
TI  - Metastatic intravagal paraganglioma. Case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Intravagal paragangliomas are rare tumors of neural crest origin. These tumors
      are usually benign with few reports of metastases or aggressive behavior. One
      case of intravagal paraganglioma metastatic to a regional lymph node is described
      and the diagnosis and management of these tumors are discussed. The reports of 14
      other cases with regional or distal metastases are reviewed.

PMID- 4014262
TI  - Hypocalcemic heart failure.
AB  - Hypocalcemia is a relatively uncommon but reversible cause of congestive heart
      failure. A 39-year-old woman with hypocalcemia due to untreated
      hypoparathyroidism presented with congestive heart failure and a left ventricular
      ejection fraction of 25 percent. She had no evidence of underlying cardiac
      disease. The serum calcium level was normalized within one week, associated with
      complete clearing of the signs and symptoms of heart failure and a twofold
      increase to 50 percent in the ejection fraction. This is the first patient
      without underlying myocardial disease in whom significant improvement of left
      ventricular function has been quantitatively assessed prior to and following
      correction of hypocalcemia.

PMID- 4014263
TI  - Reversible decerebrate posturing secondary to hypoglycemia.
AB  - Two cases of decerebrate posturing that resolved following the administration of
      dextrose are reported. The literature on hypoglycemia-induced neurologic deficits
      is reviewed and an explanation for the quick remission of the decerebrate
      posturing is postulated.

PMID- 4014264
TI  - Neisseria sicca pneumonia. Report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Neisseria sicca is considered part of the normal flora of the oropharynx.
      Although usually believed to be a harmless saprophyte, it has rarely been
      recognized as an etiologic agent in human disease, particularly in
      immunodeficient hosts. Two immunodeficient women are described in whom N. sicca
      pneumonia of the left lower lobe developed. One patient was 30 years old and had
      just completed a full-term pregnancy, and the other patient was 73 years of age
      and was receiving prednisone for bullous pemphigoid. Each had an uncomplicated
      pulmonary course, the pneumonia being successfully treated with penicillin or
      cephalothin. Only one patient with N. sicca pneumonia has been previously
      described in the literature. The significance of N. sicca pneumonia is discussed
      on the basis of a review of findings in these three patients. Although unusual N.
      sicca should be considered among the organisms causing pneumonia in
      immunodeficient patients.

PMID- 4014265
TI  - Neurogenic bladder. New clinical finding in Legionnaires' disease.
AB  - Legionnaires' disease presents with a spectrum of organ involvement including
      pulmonary, hepatic, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and renal dysfunction. Known
      neurologic manifestations include hallucinations, delirium, cerebral and
      cerebellar disturbance, and encephalomyelitis. Clinical and subclinical
      peripheral neuropathy has been described. This report describes a 51-year-old man
      with legionnaires' disease complicated by cerebral and persistent cerebellar and
      brainstem dysfunction, without evidence of direct bacterial invasion of the
      nervous system. Of particular interest was the development of a flaccid
      neurogenic bladder, a clinical manifestation not previously described.

PMID- 4014266
TI  - Changing concepts in treatment of severe symptomatic hyponatremia. Rapid
      correction and possible relation to central pontine myelinolysis.
AB  - Severe symptomatic hyponatremia (serum sodium level below 120 meq/liter) is often
      a life-threatening emergency that can result in permanent neurologic damage or
      death if left untreated. Early recognition and rapid correction to mildly
      hyponatremic levels by the administration of hypertonic saline are important in
      order to reduce the potential mortality and morbidity. If the serum sodium level
      is more than 105 meq/liter, it can be corrected to a value of 125 to 130
      meq/liter. However, if the serum sodium level is less than 105 meq/liter, it may
      be safe to raise the value by only 20 meq/liter. Care should be taken to avoid
      acute correction to normonatremia or hypernatremia. Moreover, it is also of equal
      importance to avoid development of hypernatremia in the subsequent days following
      the correction to mild hyponatremia.

PMID- 4014267
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic detection of preclinical aortic root
      abnormalities in rheumatoid variant diseases.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings of subaortic fibrous ridging, aortic
      leaflet thickening, and aortic root dilatation and thickening are described in a
      group of 36 patients with rheumatoid variant diseases. The group consisted of 25
      patients with ankylosing spondylitis, nine patients with Reiter's syndrome, and
      two patients with inflammatory bowel disease and spondylitis. No patient had
      clinical or laboratory evidence of aortic regurgitation or heart block. Subaortic
      fibrous ridging or marked leaflet thickening was noted in 11 of 36 patients; in
      contrast, no such changes were found in an age-matched control group of 29 men.
      The subgroup of patients with subaortic fibrous ridging or leaflet thickening (11
      patients) had significantly longer disease duration (28.1 versus 17.7 years) and
      higher incidence of aortic root echo-density (82 versus 36 percent) than the
      remaining patients. It is concluded that a significant portion of patients with
      ankylosing spondylitis or Reiter's syndrome have echocardiographic evidence of
      aortic root involvement prior to the clinical onset of aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 4014268
TI  - "Noninvasive" oral treatment of asthma in the emergency room.
AB  - One hundred forty consecutive patients with acute asthmatic episodes presenting
      to the emergency room were studied prospectively to assess the efficacy of oral
      therapy. After the emergency room staff was oriented to the pharmacologic action
      of hydroalcoholic elixir of theophylline, oral terbutaline, and a metered-dose
      hand-held nebulizer (metaproterenol), use of oral therapy as initial therapy rose
      from 12 percent to 76 percent (p = 0.005). More than half of these patients were
      discharged without receiving any of the traditional more invasive therapies of
      subcutaneous epinephrine, intravenous hydrating fluids with aminophylline, and
      machine-delivered sympathomimetic aerosols. Oral therapy did not substantially
      alter the total time spent in the emergency room. Only 4 percent treated with
      oral therapy required further treatment in the emergency room within 48 hours; 2
      percent vomited after treatment. Oral therapy is safe and effective for most
      asthmatic patients presenting to the emergency room, as they generally are
      undermedicated with regard to theophyllines and sympathomimetic drugs. Use of
      oral therapy in the emergency room is a potent tool for educating asthmatic
      patients in the use of medication available for home use. The patients who
      require emergency room treatment despite being well-medicated at home (a small
      minority) need a higher level of care including intermittent positive-pressure
      breathing, corticosteroids, and often hospitalization.

PMID- 4014269
TI  - Effect of labetalol on exercise tolerance and double product in mild to moderate
      essential hypertension.
AB  - Maximal exercise capacity after control of resting blood pressure with labetalol
      was studied in nine hypertensive men aged 34 to 69 years (average 52 years).
      Subjects exercised to exhaustion on an upright cycle ergometer with workload
      increased as a step function by 25 watts every three minutes, both before and
      after control of blood pressure was obtained. Mean exercise capacity expressed as
      total time of exercise until exhaustion was 936 seconds prior to control of the
      resting blood pressure and 884 seconds (no significant difference) after control
      of resting blood pressure with labetalol. Double product at peak exercise fell
      from 254 X 10(2) mm Hg beats per minute prior to blood pressure control to 183 X
      10(2) mm Hg beats per minute (p = 0.006) after control of blood pressure with
      labetalol. The difference in the means of resting heart rate and both peak blood
      pressure and peak heart rate with exercise were all statistically significant
      after control of blood pressure with labetalol. These findings suggest that
      labetalol has an ideal exercise profile affording a cardioprotective effect by
      decreasing double product but without sacrificing exercise capacity.

PMID- 4014270
TI  - Risk factors for the development and rupture of intracranial berry aneurysms.
AB  - Risk factors for the development and rupture of intracranial saccular (berry)
      aneurysms were identified in a case-control study of autopsy subjects. The
      development of berry aneurysms was positively correlated with increased
      frequencies of systemic arterial hypertension (p less than 0.001), cerebral
      artery atherosclerosis (p less than 0.05), and marked asymmetry of the cerebral
      vessels comprising the circle of Willis (p less than 0.005). In addition,
      patients with berry aneurysms more frequently had histories of persistent
      headache (p less than 0.001), pregnancy-induced hypertension (p less than 0.01),
      long-term use of analgesics (p less than 0.001), especially aspirin (p less than
      0.05), and a family history of stroke (p less than 0.05). Factors associated with
      a decreased risk of berry aneurysms included treatment with insulin to control
      diabetes mellitus (p less than 0.005), leanness (p less than 0.05), chronic
      pancreatitis (p less than 0.001), malignant tumors (p less than 0.001), and
      moderate or severe coronary or renal atherosclerosis (p less than 0.05). Rupture
      of berry aneurysms was positively correlated with size (p less than 0.05) and the
      presence of multiple aneurysms (p less than 0.005), but also with long-term
      analgesic usage (p less than 0.05), excessive ethanol consumption (p less than
      0.01), and fatty metamorphosis of the liver (p less than 0.01). The factors that
      predispose to rupture of berry aneurysms are interrelated in the sense that
      several of them are known to cause a decrease in the synthesis of prostaglandin
      E, whereas one of the factors that appears to be protective has the opposite
      effect. Marked and abrupt lowering of serum prostaglandin levels would cause
      dilatation of cerebral vasculature and increased cerebral blood flow; in the
      setting of hypertension, focal defects in cerebral arteries could develop,
      leading to the formation and subsequent rupture of berry aneurysms.

PMID- 4014271
TI  - Meningitis due to Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 10 adult patients with community-acquired
      Staphylococcus aureus meningitis was performed in order to elucidate the
      characteristics and treatment of this lethal disease. In all patients, a focus of
      infection outside the central nervous system was apparent at presentation. A poor
      prognosis was associated with severe underlying disease, greater degree of
      hyponatremia at presentation, development of seizures, failure of nuchal rigidity
      to develop, persistent or recurrent bacteremia, and the presence of concurrent S.
      aureus bronchopneumonia. Degree of deterioration in mental status and
      cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, protein levels, and glucose levels did not
      appear to have any prognostic significance. Therapy with rifampin and a
      semisynthetic penicillin effected a cure in all six patients treated with this
      regimen. In contrast, three of four patients treated with other antibiotic
      combinations died. On the basis of this experience, it is concluded that further
      trials with rifampin in combination with another anti-staphylococcal antibiotic
      for the treatment of S. aureus meningitis are warranted.

PMID- 4014272
TI  - Complement-activating antineutrophil antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Serum samples from 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were
      tested for neutrophil C3-fixing ability and neutrophil-binding lgG by the binding
      of radioiodinated monoclonal anti-C3 antibody and staphylococcal protein A to
      paraformaldehyde-fixed allogeneic neutrophils sensitized with serum. Serum from
      patients with SLE resulted in the binding of significantly greater amounts of lgG
      to neutrophils than normal serum, but this lgG binding did not correlate with the
      degree of neutropenia. In contrast, serum samples from 10 neutropenic patients
      with SLE resulted in the binding of significantly greater amounts of C3 to
      neutrophils when compared with serum samples from eight non-neutropenic patients
      with SLE. Fixation of C3 to neutrophils by serum from patients with SLE appeared
      to be due to the binding of complement-activating monomeric antineutrophil lgG
      autoantibody. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.78) between the
      neutrophil count and the C3-fixing ability of serum from patients with SLE
      suggested that antineutrophil antibody-mediated activation of complement may be
      important in the pathophysiology of neutropenia in SLE.

PMID- 4014273
TI  - Influence of medical and premedical education on important personal qualities of
      physicians.
AB  - Three interrelated personal qualities of physicians are believed important for
      sensitive patient care and optimal individual adjustment to the stresses of
      medical practice: maturity, social competence, and moderation in aggressive
      competitive (exaggerated "type A" behavior). Despite widespread recognition of
      the importance of these qualities by patients and physicians alike, they have
      commonly been neglected in favor of scientific and scholastic excellence in the
      selection process for medical schools. In addition, some aspects of premedical
      and medical education may actually have an adverse influence on these personal
      qualities of future physicians. More emphasis in premedical and medical education
      on the importance of physicians' noncognitive abilities, and more individualized
      feedback to students and residents on the interactions between their personal
      qualities and their success and happiness as physicians, are needed.

PMID- 4014275
TI  - Infective endocarditis. An overview.

PMID- 4014274
TI  - Emerging perspectives in management and prevention of infectious diseases.

PMID- 4014276
TI  - Pathogenesis of endocarditis.
AB  - The pathophysiology of infective endocarditis comprises at least three critical
      elements: preparation of the cardiac valve for bacterial adherence, adhesion of
      circulating bacteria to the prepared valvular surface, and survival of the
      adherent bacteria on the surface, with propagation of the infected vegetation. It
      appears that circulating bacteria do not readily adhere to normal endothelial
      surfaces. Trauma to the valve, however, produces an alteration in the endothelial
      cells, leading to either disruption of the surface and deposition of platelets
      and fibrin, or other phenomena that render the surface susceptible to
      colonization by circulating bacteria. Once the surface is prepared, some
      bacterial strains appear to adhere to the fibrin-platelet matrix more avidly than
      others. The bacterial virulence factors that promote adherence are complex, but
      at least one, an extracellular polysaccharide (dextran), has been identified.
      Adherence can be blocked by antibodies directed against various surface
      structures. The survival of bacteria adherent to the surface of the vegetation
      appears to be complex as well, requiring resistance in situ to the bactericidal
      properties of complement and phagocytosis by white cells. In addition, vegetation
      propagation involves activation of the clotting cascade. For at least some
      streptococci, this occurs partly through perturbation of the valvular cells to
      produce tissue factor (tissue thromboplastin), which results in the deposition
      and growth of a fibrin-platelet clot over the rapidly growing bacterial colonies.

PMID- 4014277
TI  - Current issues in prevention of infective endocarditis.
AB  - Prevention of infective endocarditis continues to concern health care providers
      in many specialties. The well-known lack of primary clinical trials in this area
      is not expected to change. Therefore, the evolution of recommendations and
      practice must be based on theoretic considerations and continuing assessment of
      secondary sources of information. Recent developments include a report of 52
      cases in which antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis was attempted
      but appeared to fail. Most of these patients had undergone dental procedures
      after oral penicillin prophylaxis, with subsequent development of streptococcal
      endocarditis. In two thirds, the organism was sensitive to the antibiotic used.
      Notably, the most common underlying cardiac lesion among these patients was
      mitral valve prolapse. However, two recent independent analyses have concluded
      that providing endocarditis prophylaxis for all patients with mitral valve
      prolapse during procedures that might cause bacteremia would not be cost
      effective. This is primarily because mitral valve prolapse is common and
      endocarditis is relatively rare, resulting in an adverse risk-benefit ratio.
      Parenteral prophylaxis for mitral valve prolapse might even cause a net loss of
      life from anaphylaxis. On the other hand, for the individual patient or
      physician, the reassurance provided by attempted prophylaxis with oral penicillin
      can be purchased at low cost and low risk. Very few cases of infective
      endocarditis have been reported after gastrointestinal and other endoscopic
      procedures; most of these do not need antibiotic coverage. Prophylactic
      antibiotics should be restricted to those situations in which both the procedure
      and the underlying cardiac condition seem to pose significant risk, for example,
      endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in patients with prosthetic heart
      valves. Newly revised recommendations have been issued by the Medical Letter, the
      American Heart Association, and the American Dental Association. These regimens
      are shorter and simpler than earlier versions.

PMID- 4014278
TI  - Changing pattern of infective endocarditis.
AB  - There has been a significant trend toward an increase in the age of patients with
      endocarditis, and it seems likely that the age of these patients will continue to
      increase as the population ages. The proportion of patients with endocarditis who
      have rheumatic heart disease as an underlying lesion has decreased from about 40
      percent in patients studied from 1950 to 1970 to about 25 percent in more recent
      series, and this trend will probably continue. Prosthetic valves and degenerative
      heart disease will undoubtedly become increasingly important underlying heart
      lesions in patients with endocarditis. Another large group of patients with
      infective endocarditis have no diagnosable underlying heart disease and comprise
      an increasing proportion of patients with endocarditis. Because of the aging of
      the population, more Streptococcus bovis and enterococcal endocarditis should be
      expected. With more prosthetic valves and with the aging of the population, more
      staphylococcal endocarditis should be anticipated. Economic forces will probably
      result in earlier discharge from the hospital, with either shorter courses of
      therapy or completion of therapy at home and perhaps more valve replacements.

PMID- 4014279
TI  - Obstetrics and gynecology. An overview.

PMID- 4014280
TI  - Patient cost in the treatment of postsurgical female pelvic infection.
AB  - Soft tissue female pelvic infections, that is, postpartum endomyometritis, pelvic
      cellulitis, and salpingitis, are frequently polymicrobial, involving aerobic and
      anaerobic bacteria. The most common antibiotic regimen employed for the treatment
      of these patients is clindamycin and an aminoglycoside. Single-agent therapy,
      utilizing the newer beta-lactams, is more economical, potentially less toxic, and
      as effective.

PMID- 4014281
TI  - Bone and joint infections. An overview.

PMID- 4014282
TI  - Animal models of osteomyelitis.
AB  - Clinical research involving osteomyelitis is difficult because of the multiple
      variables found in the disease process. In order to evaluate osteomyelitis
      critically, a more precise staging system is needed, along with reproducible
      animal models for each of the clinical stages. The current animal models for
      osteomyelitis include the rabbit models of Norden and Andriole, the rat model of
      Zak, and the dog models of Fitzgerald and Deysine. Although each animal model of
      osteomyelitis has certain advantages and limitations, they have provided us with
      a clearer understanding of this disease process and what forms of treatment may
      prove satisfactory.

PMID- 4014283
TI  - Hip implant infection. Treatment with resection arthroplasty and late total hip
      arthroplasty.
AB  - In 131 patients with an infected hip implant, treatment was surgical excision of
      the implant (resection arthroplasty) and delayed reconstruction with a total hip
      arthroplasty. Most of the patients had low-grade infections: only 5 percent had a
      temperature of 37.8 degrees C or higher and only 20 percent had wound drainage.
      Hip pain was the primary symptom of a deep infection in 90 percent. Staphylococci
      were the most frequently isolated causal organisms, recovered from deep tissue
      specimens in 84 patients. The hip was reconstructed six days to 32 years (mode,
      429 days) after resection arthroplasty. At follow-up two to nine years after
      reconstruction, 88 percent of the 131 patients were free of infection. Recurrent
      sepsis was more common (p less than 0.05) in patients with incomplete acrylic
      cement removal or patients in whom reconstruction was performed less than 429
      days after resection arthroplasty. Risk of recurrent sepsis was increased when
      gram-negative bacilli in pure or mixed cultures were found, but the difference
      was not statistically significant.

PMID- 4014284
TI  - Emerging perspectives in management and prevention of respiratory tract
      infections. An overview.

PMID- 4014285
TI  - Epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in adults.
      Incidence, etiology, and impact.
AB  - Upper respiratory tract infections are the most common types of infectious
      diseases among adults. It is estimated that each adult in the United States
      experiences two to four respiratory infections annually. The morbidity of these
      infections is measured by an estimated 75 million physician visits per year,
      almost 150 million days lost from work, and more than $10 billion in costs for
      medical care. Serotypes of the rhinoviruses account for 20 to 30 percent of
      episodes of the common cold. However, the specific causes of most upper
      respiratory infections are undefined. Pneumonia remains an important cause of
      morbidity and mortality for nonhospitalized adults despite the widespread use of
      effective antimicrobial agents. There are no accurate figures on the number of
      episodes of pneumonia that occur each year in ambulatory patients. In younger
      adults, the atypical pneumonia syndrome is the most common clinical presentation;
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most frequently identified causative agent. Other
      less common agents include Legionella pneumophila, influenza viruses,
      adenoviruses, and Chlamydia. More than half a million adults are hospitalized
      each year with pneumonia. Persons older than 65 years of age have the highest
      rate of pneumonia admissions, 11.5 per 1,000 population. Pneumonia ranks as the
      sixth leading cause of death in the United States. The pathogens responsible for
      community-acquired pneumonias are changing. Forty years ago, Streptococcus
      pneumoniae accounted for the majority of infections. Today, a broad array of
      community-acquired pathogens have been implicated as etiologic agents including
      Legionella species, gram-negative bacilli, Hemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus
      aureus and nonbacterial pathogens. Given the diversity of pathogenic agents, it
      has become imperative for clinicians to establish a specific etiologic diagnosis
      before initiating therapy or to consider the diagnostic possibilities and treat
      with antimicrobial agents that are effective against the most likely pathogens.

PMID- 4014286
TI  - Emerging perspectives in management and prevention of infections of the
      respiratory tract in infants and children.
AB  - New products, new procedures, new information, and new legislation will have a
      significant impact on management and prevention of respiratory infections in
      children. Current areas of investigation include the changing epidemiology
      (increased number of children in day care), concern about morbidity of common
      infections (hearing impairment and effect on development of speech and language
      due to otitis media), and new modes of microbiologic diagnosis (antigen
      detection). New antimicrobial agents have wider spectrums of activity, increased
      concentrations in body fluids, and lesser toxicity than available drugs. New uses
      of old drugs are identified (value of erythromycin for Legionella pneumophila,
      Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae). Increased usage of
      chemoprophylaxis for prevention of recurrences of acute otitis media follows
      publication of impressive results of recent studies. New conjugate polysaccharide
      vaccines are immunogenic in young infants. Finally, and of major importance to
      children, physicians, and manufacturers, is vaccine liability legislation, now in
      congressional committee.

PMID- 4014287
TI  - Economic costs of respiratory tract infections in the United States.
AB  - To evaluate one aspect of the impact of respiratory tract infections in the
      United States, national survey data were used to estimate direct and indirect
      economic costs. Overall, upper and lower respiratory tract infections are
      estimated to be responsible for approximately $15 billion in direct treatment
      costs. Physician charges account for about one half and hospital care accounts
      for approximately one quarter of these costs. An estimated 1.25 million patients
      are hospitalized yearly for community-acquired respiratory tract infections, and
      charges for their care are projected to exceed $4 billion. Almost 300 thousand
      patients acquire nosocomial respiratory infections yearly, and charges for
      treating these infections are approximately $470 million. Although costs
      associated with hospital care are substantial, approximately $10 billion (67
      percent of the total estimated cost of these infections) results from treatment
      of patients in ambulatory settings. It is not possible to calculate the full
      magnitude of the indirect costs of respiratory infections, but losses in income
      of employed persons who miss work because of infection are calculated to be more
      than $9 billion per year.

PMID- 4014288
TI  - Community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Prevention and cost
      control strategies.
AB  - The treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia can be expensive,
      particularly if care is hospital-based. Cost control begins with prevention.
      Current influenza vaccines are about 80 percent protective, but grossly
      underused. Amantadine and rimantadine are effective chemoprophylactic agents
      against influenza A, but also underused. Use of pneumococcal vaccine is
      controversial, but patients who are thought to be at increased risk should be
      immunized. Management decisions in patients with pneumonia that have major cost
      implications include the need for hospitalization and choice of diagnostic tests
      and therapy. The need for hospitalization has not been well studied. In general,
      young patients with atypical pneumonia are treated at home, whereas older
      patients with complicating illnesses are admitted to hospitals. Length of
      hospitalization has decreased in recent years. Diagnostic tests have
      traditionally emphasized chest roentgenography, Gram staining of the sputum, and
      sputum culture. Published data suggest that a Gram staining of the sputum can be
      useful. Sputum cultures are frequently confusing and should be discontinued.
      Intermittent positive pressure breathing treatments have no value, and chest
      physiotherapy is unnecessary for most patients.

PMID- 4014289
TI  - Respiratory tract infections. Goals for 1995.
AB  - Goals to be identified for 1995, a decade hence, in the prevention, diagnosis,
      and management of respiratory tract infections may conveniently be divided into
      diagnostic goals and goals in therapy and prophylaxis. Major diagnostic goals for
      bacterial, viral, and mycoplasmal infections of the respiratory tract focus on
      the development of systems to identify microbial components, such as specific
      antigens or segments of DNA, using monoclonal antibody techniques or DNA probes
      for hybridization. Sputum cultures, in the traditional sense, should ultimately
      become obsolete. Management goals include the development of algorithms to
      identify patients who should be hospitalized, in contrast to those who can safely
      be treated on an outpatient basis. New antibiotic drug development should include
      drugs active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, broad-spectrum beta
      lactam drugs that are orally active against gram-negative bacilli, and drugs that
      can be used parenterally on a once-daily basis in settings other than the acute
      care hospital. There are certainly needs to enhance the present spectrum of
      antiviral drugs and to develop therapeutically useful immunomodulators. There are
      promising prospects for vaccine development, including live attenuated influenza
      virus vaccine, parainfluenza virus vaccine, respiratory syncytial virus vaccine,
      and a Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine. With major research support, such vaccines
      could possibly be fully developed by 1995. Finally, of greatest importance is the
      need to achieve greater utilization of existing vaccines, that is, inactivated
      influenza vaccine and the current 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. A legitimate
      goal for 1995 would be to achieve 70 percent or greater utilization of these
      vaccines within the recommended target populations.

PMID- 4014290
TI  - Diarrheal diseases. An overview.

PMID- 4014291
TI  - Evaluation and diagnosis of acute infectious diarrhea.
AB  - The appropriate approach to the diagnosis and management of acute infectious
      diarrhea is determined by the frequency and setting of the illness, the
      recognizable causes or syndromes, the cost and yield of available diagnostic
      tests, and the treatability of the disease. Acute diarrhea affects everyone
      throughout the world from one to more than six times each year, depending on age,
      location, and living conditions. The range of identifiable viral, bacterial, and
      parasitic etiologies is great, and the cost of indiscriminate use of etiologic
      studies for diagnosis is prohibitive. Because of its insensitivity for many
      organisms and poor selection of cases for testing, routine stool culture has been
      one of the most costly and ineffective microbiologic tests; the cost per positive
      result has traditionally exceeded $900 to $1,000. The appropriate treatment for
      the vast majority of cases (independent of their cause) is simple and effective:
      oral glucose- and electrolyte-containing rehydration solution. On the basis of an
      appropriate history and understanding of pathogenesis, fecal specimens can be
      selectively obtained and promptly examined for leukocytes and parasites, and the
      common noninflammatory diarrheas can be separated from the inflammatory
      infections in order to focus further studies on the latter group. The bacteria
      for which specific antimicrobial therapy should be considered usually cause
      inflammatory diarrhea in the United States. Therefore, only when the history or
      fecal leukocyte findings indicates an inflammatory process is it appropriate to
      culture for the routine invasive bacterial pathogens. In sporadic inflammatory
      diarrhea, culture methods should include those for Campylobacter jejuni as well
      as Salmonella and Shigella. Several special circumstances may prompt a
      consideration of parasites (including Giardia, Entamoeba, Strongyloides,
      Cryptosporidium), Vibrio, Yersinia, Clostridium difficile, enterotoxigenic
      Escherichia coli, food-borne agents, or sexually transmitted pathogens. The
      practical value of specific identification of rotaviruses (by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay, Rotazyme, or electron microscopy) is primarily
      epidemiologic, particularly in hospitalized infants or young children. Using such
      a selective approach to fecal culture will greatly increase its yield and can
      reduce the cost per positive result from $1,000 to less than $150.

PMID- 4014292
TI  - Pure primary hyperaldosteronism due to adrenal cortical carcinoma.

PMID- 4014293
TI  - Catheter-induced versus spontaneous spasm. Do these coronary bedfellows deserve
      to be estranged?

PMID- 4014294
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome following danazol and corticosteroid therapy for
      hereditary angioedema.
AB  - A case of hereditary angioedema secondary to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
      associated with lupus-like nephritis is reported. The patient was initially
      treated with both corticosteroids and danazol and subsequently had Guillain-Barre
      syndrome together with appearance of circulating immune complexes and an increase
      in total complement and C1q, C3, C4, B, and C1 esterase inhibitor levels.
      Guillain-Barre syndrome might be secondary to danazol therapy since this drug
      could increase both circulating immune complex production and complement
      synthesis, thereby providing additional substrate for the underlying immune
      complex disease. Normalization of complement might therefore be hazardous in
      lupus with underlying complement deficiency states.

PMID- 4014295
TI  - Exogenous protein as the cause of nephrotic-range proteinuria.
AB  - Hematuria and proteinuria developed in a young woman with waxing and waning
      symptoms suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus. Quantitatively, the
      proteinuria was in the nephrotic range, but other manifestations of the nephrotic
      syndrome were absent. Serologic evaluation demonstrated normal results. The
      hematuria was subsequently found to be self-induced and related to foreign
      objects in the bladder. Urine protein electrophoresis confirmed severe
      proteinuria with a spike in the gamma region. Immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated
      that the proteinuria was not of human origin. Subsequent urinary protein values
      were normal. This case exhibits features compatible with Munchausen's syndrome
      and shows that severe proteinuria may be factitious.

PMID- 4014296
TI  - Development of malignant melanoma after levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease.
      Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - Malignant melanoma developed in an apparently benign nevus four months after
      therapy with levodopa in a patient with Parkinson's disease. This case is
      reported, and previous reports of this possible causal relationship are reviewed.
      Although this and previously reported cases are not inconsistent with the
      unpredictable and variable natural history of malignant melanoma, it seems
      prudent to clinically monitor pigmentary lesions in patients receiving levodopa
      therapy. Biopsy specimens of suspicious lesions in these patients should be
      examined histologically, and if malignancy is found, alternate therapies for
      treatment of parkinsonism should be considered.

PMID- 4014297
TI  - Novel factor X deficiency. Normal partial thromboplastin time and associated
      spindle cell thymoma.
AB  - This report presents a heretofore undescribed laboratory variant of congenital
      factor X deficiency, seen in conjunction with a relatively rare tumor. The
      patient had a history of bleeding, a prolonged prothrombin time, and a factor X
      value of 4.2 percent of normal activity, but the partial thromboplastin time and
      Russell's viper venom clotting time were normal. Management of this case required
      unusual measures to treat the patient's coagulopathy.

PMID- 4014298
TI  - Pseudohyperparathyroidism. Syndrome associated with aluminum intoxication in
      patients with renal failure.
AB  - Aluminum intoxication is an increasingly frequent complication of chronic renal
      failure. Because hypercalcemia, elevated parathyroid hormone levels, and
      radiologic changes said to be typical of osteitis fibrosa commonly occur with
      aluminum intoxication, it is frequently confused with hyperparathyroidism. In
      this report, examples of this dilemma are described. The pathophysiology leading
      to the confusing clinical picture is discussed, with a suggested approach to the
      problem.

PMID- 4014299
TI  - Evaluation of hyperviscosity in monoclonal gammopathies.
AB  - The serum or plasma hyperviscosity syndrome has been described in both monoclonal
      and polyclonal immunoglobulin disorders. The usefulness of initial and serial
      plasma viscosity measurements by an automated viscometer technique was evaluated
      and compared with serum protein electrophoresis data in 107 patients without
      monoclonal gammopathies and 153 patients with monoclonal gammopathies. In
      patients without monoclonal gammopathies, plasma viscosity correlated best with
      the concentration of gamma globulins. In patients with monoclonal gammopathies,
      plasma viscosity correlated best with the serum monoclonal protein concentration,
      but individual patient variations in the ratio of plasma viscosity to monoclonal
      protein concentration made accurate prediction of plasma viscosity difficult
      without direct measurement. Six of eight patients with plasma viscosity above 5.0
      cp had classic symptoms of hyperviscosity syndrome, and four of the six had
      recurrent episodes. Six other patients with plasma viscosity above 4.0 cp had
      more subtle presentations of hyperviscosity but responded equally well to
      therapeutic lowering of plasma viscosity. These patients are part of a larger
      subset of 27 patients in whom initial plasma viscosity was above 3.0 cp. No
      patient with an initial plasma viscosity below 3.0 cp subsequently showed
      hyperviscosity symptoms. Plasma viscosity measured by this technique is a useful
      tool in screening patients with dysproteinemias to identify and monitor those
      with and at risk for the hyperviscosity syndrome.

PMID- 4014300
TI  - Autoinoculation herpes of the hand in a child with recurrent herpes labialis.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus infections involving the fingers and hands have been
      reported primarily in medical and dental personnel. A 10-year-old boy is
      described who presented with herpes simplex virus infection of his left hand two
      weeks after resolution of an episode of recurrent herpes labialis. Since herpes
      simplex infections of the fingers and hands may be confused with a variety of
      other more common conditions, clinicians should be alert to this possibility when
      diagnosing vesiculopustular lesions of the hands, particularly in medical and
      dental personnel and in patients with histories of recurrent herpes simplex
      infections elsewhere. A need for greater patient awareness of the potential for
      herpes simplex virus autoinoculation is also stressed.

PMID- 4014301
TI  - Insulin-induced cardiac failure.
AB  - Self-limited edema is a well-recognized complication of insulin therapy. However,
      progression to overt cardiac failure has only recently been reported in one
      patient with pre-existing heart disease. This report describes the first case of
      insulin-induced cardiac failure in a patient without underlying heart disease.
      Current trends toward intensive insulin therapy for rapid near-normalization of
      blood glucose levels will increase the recognition of this entity. Careful follow
      up of so-called "self-limited" insulin edema is encouraged, and the early
      institution of diuretic therapy is advocated in elderly patients to prevent the
      development of overt cardiac failure.

PMID- 4014302
TI  - Pulmonary functional impairment and symptoms in women in the Los Angeles Harbor
      area.
AB  - Spirometric measurements of vital capacity and flow rates, thoracic gas volume,
      and single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide were obtained in 360
      white women, 238 wives age 58 years and 122 daughters age 32 years of shipyard
      workers from the Long Beach area of southern California. The values for
      nonsmokers, exsmokers, and current smokers were compared with smoking-specific
      mean values, age- and height-adjusted, from a reference population in Michigan.
      The wives from Long Beach had significantly lower mid and terminal flows, single
      breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and alveolar volume, except that
      single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was not significantly lower
      in current smokers. Nonsmokers and ex-smokers showed significantly different
      values for one-second forced expiratory volume in addition to flow rates and
      single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. Daughters showed
      significant reductions in single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
      and alveolar volume, which are attributable to maldistribution of inspired gas.
      These data showed that a powerful factor has affected expiratory air flow and
      distribution of gas, resulting in altered single-breath diffusing capacity for
      carbon monoxide and alveolar volume in this population. The factor is additive
      with and resembles the effect of cigarette smoking, and it is postulated that
      this factor is oxidant air pollution.

PMID- 4014303
TI  - Mycobacterial meningitis. Retrospective analysis from 1970 to 1983.
AB  - The clinical presentation and course of tuberculous meningitis in 21 patients
      treated between 1970 and 1983 are analyzed. Tuberculous meningitis may present as
      acute, subacute, or chronic meningitis. Although characteristic cerebrospinal
      fluid findings of lymphocytic pleocytosis, low glucose level, and elevated
      protein level occur in the majority of cases, there are many atypical
      presentations. The protein level, glucose level, and white blood cell count may
      be normal, and there may be a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells rather than
      lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid. Poor prognostic factors in this series
      were age greater than 65, underlying diseases, and stage 3 presentation.
      Incorrect or inadequate therapy had a disastrous outcome. Nontuberculous
      mycobacteria rarely are involved in central nervous system disease. Tuberculous
      meningitis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient with
      fever and change in sensorium. A deteriorating mental status and falling
      cerebrospinal fluid glucose level in the presence of negative findings on
      bacterial culture and india ink preparation should lead to strong consideration
      for empiric initiation of anti-tuberculous therapy.

PMID- 4014304
TI  - Nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturation following tracheostomy for obstructive sleep
      apnea.
AB  - Eleven obese men with coexistent obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease underwent tracheostomy. Nocturnal polysomnography prior to
      tracheostomy revealed oxyhemoglobin desaturation associated with obstructive
      apnea. Following surgery, repeated polysomnography was performed to assess the
      effect of tracheostomy on nocturnal oxygen saturation. Non-apneic desaturation
      characteristic of that previously described in patients with "type B" chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease was noted in six subjects. Oxyhemoglobin saturation
      in these six fell more than 8 percent below baseline waking and non-rapid-eye
      movement (REM) sleep levels. These episodes usually lasted five minutes or
      longer, occurred almost uniformly during REM sleep, and were acutely ameliorated
      by low-flow (4 liters per minute) supplemental oxygen. The subjects with REM
      associated desaturation did not differ from the subjects without desaturation by
      preoperative anthropomorphic, blood gas, or pulmonary function criteria. However,
      subjects with REM-associated desaturation tended to have lower right and left
      ventricular ejection fractions by pooled gated wall studies. It is concluded that
      patients with obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
      should be re-evaluated after tracheostomy, since they may be at risk for
      continued oxyhemoglobin desaturation and progressive right ventricular
      deterioration despite adequate treatment of their apneic condition.

PMID- 4014305
TI  - Discriminant scorecard for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in
      patients with acute leukemia.
AB  - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, a serious opportunistic infection in adult
      patients with acute leukemia, is difficult to diagnose antemortem. To identify
      patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis without reliance on invasive
      diagnostic procedures, a discriminant scorecard for invasive pulmonary
      aspergillosis based on clinical parameters was evaluated in a three-phase study.
      In phase I, the records of 62 patients, including 15 with invasive pulmonary
      aspergillosis, were reviewed. Eleven clinical parameters distinguished patients
      with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis from control subjects. These parameters
      were combined into a discriminant scorecard. In phase II, the discriminant
      scorecard was validated by a blinded, retrospective review of 94 consecutive
      admissions. The discriminant scorecard score was highly associated with the
      clinical outcome (p less than 0.0005). The sensitivity of the discriminant
      scorecard was calculated as a range from 62.9 to 92.8 percent and the specificity
      as a range from 87.5 to 98.3 percent. In phase III, the clinical utility of the
      discriminant scorecard was determined by its prospective application to 49
      consecutive patient admissions. The discriminant scorecard identified patients
      with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis at an average of 4.1 days prior to clinical
      recognition of the disease and initiation of amphotericin B therapy. The
      discriminant scorecard outperformed a complex function based on multiple linear
      regressions, was easy to use, and did not require difficult calculations. Thus,
      for this patient population, the discriminant scorecard was an accurate, useful
      noninvasive screening test for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The scorecard
      allows more rapid clinical identification of patients with this infection and
      could lead to improved patient survival through earlier diagnostic and
      therapeutic intervention.

PMID- 4014306
TI  - Mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage: MAGIC syndrome. Five patients
      with features of relapsing polychondritis and Behcet's disease.
AB  - Five patients with features of coexistent relapsing polychondritis and Behcet's
      disease are described. Review of the literature supports the overlap of the
      clinical manifestations of these two conditions. A common immunologic abnormality
      is likely, and elastin is cited as a possible target antigen. The "mouth and
      genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage (MAGIC) syndrome" is the proposed name for
      this entity.

PMID- 4014307
TI  - Esophageal manometry in familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
AB  - The motility of the esophagus was studied by esophageal manometry in eight
      patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy. All eight patients had an
      abnormality of the lower esophageal sphincter. Seven of eight had a borderline or
      decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure and the other patient had a non
      relaxing lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Six of eight patients had
      abnormalities of the body of the esophagus consisting of either simultaneous or
      decreased amplitude of contractions involving the smooth or striated muscle or
      both. In addition, seven of eight patients had diarrhea and six of these seven
      patients had evidence for steatorrhea. The manometric abnormalities observed were
      consistent with deposition of amyloid in smooth and striated muscle as well as in
      the enteric nervous system. Esophageal manometry appears to be a sensitive
      technique to determine if the gastrointestinal tract is involved in familial
      amyloid polyneuropathy.

PMID- 4014308
TI  - Survival analysis of the severely and profoundly mentally retarded.
AB  - Life-table analyses were performed on 1,915 severely/profoundly retarded
      institutionalized persons. Data on probability of death and hazard rates are
      presented according to sex and previously described diagnostic/etiologic
      categories. The median remaining lifetime for a resident of Central Wisconsin
      Center on admission was found to be greater than 25 years. The average age of
      admission was 7.3 years with a range of 0-66 years. The highest death rate was
      noted in residents with inborn errors of metabolism; the lowest death rate was in
      residents with primary seizures disorders. On admission, the median remaining
      lifetime was 8.81 +/- 4.16 years (95% confidence interval) for residents with
      inborn errors of metabolism, 18.56 +/- 4.26 years for residents with primary CNS
      malformations, and 24.66 +/- 4.05 years for residents with known syndromes.
      Residents of all other diagnostic/etiologic categories had a median remaining
      lifetime of greater than 25 years.

PMID- 4014309
TI  - Partial deletion of distal 17q.
AB  - A newborn female was found to have a deletion of the terminal portion of 17q.
      Prominent manifestations included microcephaly, apparent hypertelorism,
      epicanthic folds, a broad nasal bridge with anteverted nostrils, posteriorly
      angulated ears, micrognathia, widely spaced nipples, arachnodactyly with proximal
      thumbs, and a coxa vara deformity. The unbalanced translocation was inherited
      from the mother, who had a reciprocal translocation involving the terminal
      portions of 2p and 17q. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of
      a liveborn infant with deletion of the distal portion of 17q with the exception
      of reports of patients with ring chromosome 17.

PMID- 4014310
TI  - The effect of Mendelian disease on human health: a measurement.
AB  - We describe an attempt to measure effects of Mendelian phenotypes on human health
      (homeostasis) in man. We used the McKusick Catalogs as the source for
      descriptions of autosomal dominant, recessive, and X-linked phenotypes. Three
      hundred and fifty one entries (76% of the initial sample) were disadaptive
      causing an impairment, disability, or handicap. (Terms used are in accordance
      with World Health Organization (WHO) definitions.) Phenotypic effects were scored
      to measure impact on life-span, reproductive capability, and psychosocial
      characteristics. We found 1) 25% of the disadaptive Mendelian phenotypes were
      apparent at birth and over 90% by the end of puberty; age at onset is unimodal in
      distribution for autosomal recessive and X-linked diseases, and trimodal for
      autosomal dominant (with modes during morphogenesis, infancy, and early adult
      life); 2) 58% of phenotypes involved more than one anatomical or functional
      system; autosomal dominants were more likely to involve only a single system; 3)
      life-span was reduced in 57%, particularly in those with onset in pre- or intra
      reproductive life, and more often in recessive and X-linked diseases (data
      corrected for genetic lethals); prognosis varied with system involvement; 4)
      reproductive capability was impaired in 69% of phenotypes; and 5) most phenotypes
      compatible with life beyond infancy caused psychosocial handicap and limited the
      access to schooling and work. These findings have implications for medical care.

PMID- 4014311
TI  - The effect of Mendelian disease on human health. II: Response to treatment.
AB  - We describe an attempt to measure efficacy of treatment in the Mendelian diseases
      of man. We used the McKusick Catalogs to identify 351 single gene diseases. We
      scored the impact of each disease in seven phenotypic categories: lifespan,
      reproductive capability, somatic growth, intellectual development, learning
      ability, capacity to work, and cosmetic effect. We then scored the success of
      treatment in ameliorating each of these component manifestations separately and
      together. The response to treatment was slight in the whole sample (n = 351):
      lifespan was increased in 15%, reproductive capability in 11%, and social
      adaptation in 6%. We observed that the mutant gene product was known in only 15%
      of the conditions comprising our sample. Since the mutant polypeptide is known in
      most inborn errors of metabolism, the diseases of this type (n = 65) in our
      sample of Mendelian traits were studied separately. In each of the seven
      categories of phenotypic impact, only a few of the hereditary metabolic diseases
      responded in any degree to specific treatment: the treatment gave complete relief
      in 12%, there was a partial response in 40%, and none in the remaining 48%. These
      findings have implications for prognosis, genetic counseling, and medical care of
      patients with Mendelian disease.

PMID- 4014312
TI  - Osteogenesis imperfecta with unusual skeletal lesions: report of three families.
AB  - Thirteen individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) from three families were
      evaluated. All examined persons with OI had multilocular radiolucent, radiopaque,
      or radiolucent-radiopaque lesions of the maxilla and mandible. In most patients,
      the lesions involved the tooth bearing areas, but in two, the rami also were
      involved. Teeth were normal. Radiologic findings in the extragnathic skeleton
      included marked coarseness of trabeculae and diffuse osteopenia. It is proposed
      that these patients represent yet another dominantly inherited OI syndrome.

PMID- 4014313
TI  - Autosomal recessive deafness with skeletal dysplasia and facial appearance of
      Marshall syndrome.
AB  - We report on two sibs born to consanguineous parents with clinical and
      radiological features closely resembling those previously described by Insley and
      Astley [1974]. This observation provides further evidence for a distinct
      autosomal recessive condition with the facial appearance of Marshall syndrome,
      deafness, and skeletal dysplasia.

PMID- 4014314
TI  - A method to assess the environment for genetic studies: the Common Environment
      Index and the Household Relationships Interview.
AB  - Genetic and environmental influences in causing a disease are difficult to
      measure because of lack of precision in identification of relevant nongenetic
      variables. The Household Relationships Interview and Schedule was developed to
      measure shared common environment in families (Common Environment Index) and to
      take into account developmental stages throughout the life cycle and
      separation/disruption. Seven trained persons interviewed three individuals who
      reported fictitious interrelated life histories varying in length and complexity.
      Discrepancies between the recorded data and the true data were analyzed. Overall
      96.1% of the items were recorded correctly. Thus, the method has shown good face
      and construct validity and reliability for measuring quantity of time shared by
      relatives in a common household. Common environment as measured by this
      instrument should be a particularly useful tool in behavior-genetic studies.

PMID- 4014315
TI  - A taxonomic approach to the del(4p) phenotype.
AB  - The findings of 23 patients with the del(4p) phenotype are compared
      systematically. Three patients with a small deletion evident only on analysis of
      extended chromosomes have a phenotype comparable to 13 patients with a more
      extensive chromosomal deletion. Two patients with no detectable deletion also fit
      into the phenotypic spectrum of patients with del(4p), suggesting the same
      etiology. Five patients with fewer typical and more atypical findings probably
      represent a heterogeneous group of other syndromes. Numerical analysis of the
      phenotype allows one to identify patients who most likely have a deletion
      requiring a more intensive cytogenetics analysis.

PMID- 4014316
TI  - Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome owing to 1:3 segregation of a maternal 4;21
      translocation.
AB  - We describe a child with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome with the karyotype
      45,XY,inv(9)(p11q13)pat,-4,-21,+der(4),t(4;21)(p15.3;q11.2)mat. This is the
      second case known to us of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome caused by 1:3 segregation of
      a parental rearrangement. This mode of segregation can be predicted in both cases
      by a pachytene-diagram model. It is uncertain whether or not the proximal 21q
      monosomy in this case has affected the phenotype.

PMID- 4014317
TI  - The heterogeneity problem. I: Separating genetic from environmental forms of the
      same disease.
AB  - The purposes of this work were 1) to reparameterize the likelihood used in
      segregation analysis in a way particularly suited to detecting heterogeneity (the
      result of the analysis is a parameter giving the proportion of families with the
      genetic form of the disease in the dataset) and 2) to test how well this
      reparameterization works using simulation. We assume that a dataset contains
      nuclear family data, with some of the families having a form of the disease that
      is environmentally caused and the others with a genetic form of the disease. In
      this study, we considered the case where the genetic form is a simple recessive
      and the environmental form a random model. The underlying parameters were the
      gene frequency, q, and the frequency of sporadics, R. We reparameterized the
      likelihood in terms of alpha, the percentage of genetic families in the dataset,
      which we attempt to estimate. We contrast the estimates of alpha with the
      population heterogeneity as reflected in the estimates of q and R. For the
      simulation, nuclear families are generated. Genetic families were simulated with
      a mendelian recessive pattern and environmental families according to a simple
      random model. Over a wide range of generating parameters, estimates of alpha were
      good, differing from the "true" values by only a few percent. Estimates of q and
      R, on the other hand, ranged from fair to poor. Our results indicate that the
      amount of heterogeneity in a dataset can be accurately estimated using
      segregation analysis, even when estimates of the gene frequency and penetrance
      among sporadics are unreliable.

PMID- 4014318
TI  - The dynamics of quantifiable homeostasis. VI: Processes of fractional order.

PMID- 4014319
TI  - A preliminary study of serum beta-glucuronidase enzyme activity in progressive
      muscular dystrophies.

PMID- 4014320
TI  - Dermatoglyphics in Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome.

PMID- 4014321
TI  - Clinicopathologic correlations in a series of 143 patients with IgA
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - In an unselected series of patients with IgA glomerulonephritis, old age, high
      blood pressure, and high urinary protein excretion at the time of renal biopsy
      were found to correlate with impaired renal function, whereas sex, estimated
      duration of the disease, or high serum IgA levels did not. The following clinical
      features were favorable prognostic signs: asymptomatic proteinuria, macroscopic
      hematuria, and isolated microscopic hematuria. The degree of diffuse mesangial
      alteration and the presence of segmental glomerular lesions correlated clearly
      with the subsequent clinical outcome. Vascular lesions, i.e. arteriosclerosis and
      renal vascular deposition of C3, were most often present in patients with severe
      glomerulopathy. The presence of electron-dense deposits in glomerular capillary
      walls was also an unfavorable prognostic finding. Renal biopsy findings of
      interstitial infiltrates of inflammatory cells and IgA distributed along
      glomerular capillary walls were usually associated with extrarenal manifestations
      of the disease.

PMID- 4014322
TI  - Membranous glomerulonephropathy with crescents in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Over a 2-year period percutaneous renal biopsies were carried out on 23 patients
      with systemic lupus nephritis. When classified by immunofluorescence, and light
      and electron microscopy, 4 patients had mesangial disease, 1 had focal and
      segmental proliferation, 5 had diffuse proliferation and 5 had membranous
      changes. 3 biopsies were unclassifiable with end-stage changes and 5 showed an
      unusual combination of pure membranous changes in association with significant
      crescent formation. The outcome of the latter group of patients was uniformly
      poor. We think that this group represents a distinct histological entity with a
      poor prognosis.

PMID- 4014323
TI  - Fungal peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis: incidence, clinical
      features and prognosis.
AB  - Fungal peritonitis occurred in 17 patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis. The
      incidence of infection per 100 patient-dialysis months was 0.36 for patients on
      intermittent peritoneal dialysis and 1.6 for patients on continuous ambulatory
      dialysis (p less than 0.005). Initial clinical findings included abdominal pain
      (76%), fever (59%), cloudy dialysate (76%) and poor dialysate outflow (6%). 15
      patients received antibiotics within 4 weeks of developing peritonitis. All
      infections were caused by yeasts, with Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans
      as the most common species. 14 patients were unable to continue peritoneal
      dialysis due to persistent or relapsing infection or the development of
      complications. 2 of the 3 patients who were able to continue peritoneal dialysis
      were treated with catheter replacement, intraperitoneal miconazole and oral
      ketoconazole.

PMID- 4014324
TI  - Clinicopathological correlation of IgA nephropathy in children.
AB  - 22 patients with IgA nephropathy aged 7-16 years, 15 of whom were found by mass
      urine screening of school children, were divided into three groups based on the
      degree of their proteinuria at admission: group A (n = 6) below 0.5 g/day of
      urine protein, group B (n = 7) between 0.6 and 3.0, and group C (n = 9) above 3.0
      g/day of urine protein. The degree of proteinuria seemed to be related to the
      severity of pathological changes of the glomerular basement membrane; most severe
      in group C, moderate in group B, and minimal in group A. IgA deposits in the
      mesangial area were found in all groups of patients, but those in the capillary
      walls were most frequently found in group C. In addition to electron-dense
      deposits in the mesangial area, which was found in all groups of patients, the
      subendothelial and subepithelial deposits were the most remarkable changes found
      in group C. During the clinical observation period, which was between 2.0 and 7.1
      years, no patient belonging to group A progressed to groups B or C. 4 cases in
      group C developed chronic renal failure, but none in the other groups did. The
      amount of urine protein might be used as a valuable parameter of the pathological
      damage of the glomerulus in children with IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 4014325
TI  - Disseminated visceral infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum in a hemodialysis
      patient.
AB  - A 28-year-old patient with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis
      developed fever, granulomatous hepatitis, pulmonary infiltrates, sacroiliitis,
      and spondylitis which were unresponsive to conventional antituberculous
      treatment. Cultures of the sputum gave repeated growth of Mycobacterium
      fortuitum. This organism was resistant 'in vitro' to most antituberculous drugs
      and sensitive to some aminoglycosides and doxycycline. No mycobacteria were found
      in the water used for dialysis. The patient was successfully treated with
      amikacin and doxycycline. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection should be
      considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses resembling
      tuberculosis in hemodialysis patients. Defective immune mechanisms could
      contribute to this complication. Since M. fortuitum is usually resistant to
      antituberculous drugs, precise identification and sensitivity testing are
      essential for optimal management.

PMID- 4014326
TI  - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
      during treatment with high-dosage D-penicillamine.
AB  - A patient with advanced rheumatoid arthritis and severe clinical manifestations
      of rheumatoid vasculitis died of acute renal failure after 30 months of treatment
      with high-dosage D-penicillamine. She had had no signs of adverse drug reactions
      until the terminal illness. Although streptococcal pharyngitis was diagnosed late
      in her disease, penicillamine-induced immune complex glomerular damage is
      considered more likely than poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, because her
      microscopic hematuria preceded diagnosis of pharyngitis. Postmortem examination
      disclosed findings suggestive of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis of immune
      complex pathogenesis. The short period of microscopic hematuria and the rapidity
      of development of renal failure before death emphasize the need for frequent
      monitoring of renal function and prompt discontinuation of D-penicillamine
      treatment upon detection of otherwise unexplained hematuria. There is urgent need
      for early immunological evaluation, renal biopsy, and vigorous therapeutic
      measures.

PMID- 4014327
TI  - Hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension in a patient with multiple organ system
      disease.

PMID- 4014328
TI  - Amyloid, carpal tunnel syndrome, and chronic hemodialysis.

PMID- 4014329
TI  - The changing scene.

PMID- 4014330
TI  - Experience with the pulmonary artery catheter in obstetrics and gynecology.
AB  - Although traditionally the exclusive domain of other medical specialties,
      pulmonary artery catheterization may be of tremendous benefit to a variety of
      obstetric and gynecologic patients. Our experience with such invasive hemodynamic
      monitoring in 72 patients in an obstetrics and gynecology service is presented.
      In 86% of cases, catheter placement and primary management were carried out by
      residents in obstetrics and gynecology. Although many of the indications for
      pulmonary artery catheterization encountered are common to other areas of
      medicine, certain conditions such as severe preeclampsia or rheumatic heart
      disease in pregnancy involve pathophysiologic conditions unique to our specialty.
      On the basis of our experience, recommended indications for pulmonary artery
      catheterization in obstetric and gynecologic patients are presented. Insertion
      techniques, complications, and clinical outcome are discussed.

PMID- 4014331
TI  - Lymphatic spread in carcinoma of the vulva.
AB  - A study of 153 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva is reviewed.
      Regional node metastases were present in 20%, and lymphatic spread proved the
      single most significant prognostic factor in this disease. Recurrent carcinoma
      developed in 47% of cases with nodal metastases. Lymph node metastases were
      directly related to stage of disease, tumor differentiation, lesion size, and
      depth of invasion. Sixty percent of nodal disease was not suspected by clinical
      examination. No patient developing recurrent disease after identification of
      positive nodes survived the disease. Surgical staging based only upon size of
      lesion and presence of nodal metastases appears to offer a clearer prognostic
      profile than conventional clinical staging. The pattern and frequency of nodal
      spread suggest that in selected instances modifications of the standard surgical
      treatment of vulvar cancer may be appropriate.

PMID- 4014332
TI  - Sterilization failures and their causes.
AB  - To say that a sterilization failure rate is expected does not answer why. Forty
      seven cases of repeat sterilization have undergone such surgical and pathologic
      scrutiny. Resection methods failed most frequently because of spontaneous
      reanastomosis or fistula formation. Fimbriectomy was particularly vulnerable to
      reanastomosis because the fimbria ovarica was not removed. Mechanical devices
      failed when the device was defective, placed improperly, or placed in an improper
      location. Tissue damage was evident but incomplete when the bipolar
      electrocoagulation method failures were reviewed, and the endosalpinx remained
      viable. Unipolar method injuries, in contrast, were complete; they failed by
      fistula formation. Thus bipolar method failures may occur because of the limited
      range of electrical power available when using bipolar generators. Some
      sterilization failures are preventable, but many are not. When medicolegal
      questions arise, these findings may help answer the question, Why?

PMID- 4014333
TI  - Evaluation of the use of continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia for hypertensive
      pregnant women in labor.
AB  - The use of continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia in women with pregnancy-induced
      hypertension remains controversial. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 285
      women with pregnancy-induced hypertension who were delivered in a 2-year period.
      Among 185 vaginally delivered patients who received continuous lumbar epidural or
      local anesthesia, there were no significant differences in the incidence of
      maternal hypotension, abnormal fetal heart rate tracings, low Apgar scores, or
      neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Of 100 patients delivered by cesarean
      section, the incidence of low Apgar scores, depressed umbilical cord pH values,
      and neonatal intensive care unit admission was increased among those who received
      general anesthesia (p less than 0.05). However, general anesthesia patients were
      more likely to have abnormal fetal heart rate tracings (27% versus 4%) requiring
      urgent delivery. Thus differences in outcome probably reflect poorer fetal
      condition prior to anesthesia induction rather than a specific anesthetic effect.
      These results demonstrate that continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia is safe and
      effective for both the fetus and the mother with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

PMID- 4014334
TI  - Twin pregnancy with intrauterine death of one twin.
AB  - The antepartum death of one twin is a rare obstetric complication. Two cases are
      presented, accompanied by a review of the current literature. The premature and
      neonatal death rates are high in the surviving twins. Toxemia, fetal distress,
      abnormal presentation, and dystocia are also increased. Maternal disseminated
      intravascular coagulation has been demonstrated without a concomitant fetal
      coagulation defect. A more unique finding is fetal disseminated intravascular
      coagulation with a monochorionic placenta. The common circulation between the
      live and dead twins may result in fetal cerebral, renal, and cutaneous lesions,
      usually without demonstrable maternal disease. High-risk obstetric management is
      reviewed and a careful pediatric follow-up is recommended with monozygotic twins.

PMID- 4014335
TI  - Amniotic fluid embolism: an overview and case report.
AB  - This article gives an overview of amniotic fluid embolism, which still carries a
      fatality rate of approximately 86% and which accounts for 9% of all maternal
      deaths. A case report is presented which ended with a fatal outcome.
      Photomicrographs show fetal squames and lanugo hairs in the pulmonary capillaries
      as well as ones aspirated from the right atrium. The treatment is discussed in
      terms of acute primary and acute secondary care. Acute primary care centers
      around the prompt recognition and treatment of pulmonary edema. This is
      apparently due to the mechanical blockade of the pulmonary vasculature and
      particulate matter from the amniotic fluid and also to an anaphylactoid reaction
      adding to the pulmonary arteriolar spasm. The acute secondary treatment deals
      with combating the almost inevitable disseminated intravascular coagulation and
      uterine atony. Being always alert to the possible occurrence of this condition
      and being able to institute appropriate therapy rapidly are necessary for a
      successful outcome.

PMID- 4014336
TI  - Analysis of 2136 genetic amniocenteses: experience of a single physician.
AB  - Between 1979 and 1984, 2136 midtrimester genetic amniocenteses were performed by
      a single physician at the University of California (Davis) Medical Center. The
      medical records were reviewed for maternal age, amniocentesis indication,
      ultrasound findings, location of placenta, location of the needle insertion
      (transplacental versus nontransplacental), color of the amniotic fluid, results
      of prenatal testing, complications of procedure, and pregnancy outcome. Follow-up
      data were available for 88% of the pregnancies. There were 38 miscarriages
      (1.9%), 18 stillbirths (0.9%), and four neonatal deaths (0.2%), resulting in a
      total postprocedural loss rate of 3.1%. Miscarriage within 2 weeks of
      amniocentesis occurred in only 0.4% of procedures (seven of 1918). No significant
      difference in pregnancy outcome was noted between transplacental and
      nontransplacental amniocentesis. Greenish brown discolored amniotic fluid was
      found in 3.6% of procedures (76 of 2136). In this group there was a 14.5% fetal
      loss rate with an overall 22.4% adverse outcome.

PMID- 4014337
TI  - Abdominal pregnancy: a study of twenty-one consecutive cases.
AB  - Early abdominal pregnancy is self-limited by hemorrhage from trophoblastic
      invasion, with complete abortion of the gestational sac that leaves a discrete
      crater which is sometimes difficult to identify. Advanced abdominal pregnancy
      survives the hemorrhage of trophoblastic invasion and partial tubal abortion and
      implants secondarily in the first trimester on any adjacent structure. It may
      progress to term if not diagnosed or interrupted by abruptio placentae and have
      spurious labor and fetal death. A case of cornual abortion with secondary
      implantation on the uterus is discussed.

PMID- 4014338
TI  - Water-soluble radiocontrast material in the treatment of postoperative ileus.
AB  - Reviewed was a series of 47 obstetric, gynecologic, and general surgical patients
      with apparent postoperative ileus who had received an oral administration of
      water-soluble radiocontrast material. Forty of these patients were found to have
      an ileus, and seven to have a mechanical small bowel obstruction. In the 40
      patients with ileus, prompt resolution of the ileus was obtained, no
      complications were noted, and the method provided rapid differentiation between
      ileus and obstruction. This modality of therapy offers an excellent alternative
      both therapeutically and diagnostically to the traditional treatment of ileus
      with intravenous fluid, nasogastric suction, and gastrointestinal rest.

PMID- 4014339
TI  - Adnexal torsion.
AB  - A series of 128 cases of adnexal torsion and an additional 97 cases where the
      preoperative diagnosis of torsion was incorrect are reviewed. The diagnosis is
      uncertain and surgical intervention is likely to be delayed. The adnexa are
      seldom salvaged despite the fact that torsion infrequently involves a malignant
      neoplasm. Laparoscopy is an effective means of reducing the number of necessary
      laparotomies when a diagnosis of torsion is uncertain.

PMID- 4014340
TI  - Elevated static pressure and pregnancy well-being.
AB  - Static pressure is defined as the pressure existing at all points in the
      circulation when the heart is stopped and is a determinant of cardiac output and
      blood pressure. By using the proposed relationship that static pressure = cardiac
      output X "resistance to venous return," estimates were made of peripheral static
      pressure in pregnant women. Measurements of cardiac output and venous resistance
      were accomplished with indirect plethysmographic techniques. Approximately 65% of
      pregnant women with complications had elevated values for their estimated
      peripheral static pressure. It is proposed that estimation of peripheral static
      pressure has both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in women with
      complications of pregnancy.

PMID- 4014341
TI  - The age extremes for reproduction: current implications for policy change.
AB  - The changing demographic features of births in the United States include an
      increasing number of older women and a decreasing number of adolescents giving
      birth. Births in adolescents have lower risks than those in women more than 34
      years of age and probably of those more than 30 years of age. There is an
      increase in complicated pregnancies in the United States, related, no doubt in
      part, to the above. Older women require more costly, high-technology prenatal
      care, such as genetic counseling, genetic antenatal diagnosis, amniocentesis,
      ultrasonography, and electronic fetal heart rate testing. The financing of health
      care needs to recognize these changes. Detailed studies of the economics of
      perinatal care, more specific to patient population mix and complication
      treatment patterns are needed to establish priorities with the payment system to
      assure appropriate care.

PMID- 4014342
TI  - The Zavanelli maneuver: a potentially revolutionary method for the resolution of
      shoulder dystocia.
AB  - Shoulder dystocia is a perilous complication for the fetus. Suffocation and death
      are imminent. For the obstetrician, there is insufficient time for consultation.
      Either he or she is ready with an array of manipulative remedies for sequential
      application or a disorganized chaos will ensue and chance will determine the
      outcome. Worthy accoucheurs will have planned for this event and will have
      selected from the numerous procedures touted for its correction that group he or
      she intuitively feels will be most effective or, at a minimum, most easily
      remembered. The Zavanelli maneuver deserves to be on every obstetrician's list.
      It must occupy a bottom priority, however, until its virtue and applicability,
      demonstrated to date in but a single case, can be confirmed. All current
      maneuvers for the treatment of shoulder dystocia are directed to completion of
      vaginal delivery. The Zavanelli maneuver is predicated on cephalic replacement
      with subsequent delivery by cesarean section.

PMID- 4014343
TI  - Obstetric outcome in women with epilepsy.
AB  - A comparison of 150 pregnancies in women with epilepsy and 150 pregnancies in
      matched nonepileptic control women showed similar rates of pregnancy-induced
      hypertension, albuminuria, premature contractions, premature labor, and bleeding
      in pregnancy. Duration of labor, blood loss at delivery, cesarean section rates,
      and vacuum extraction rates were also similar among epileptic and control groups.
      There were five perinatal deaths in the epileptic group and two in the control
      group. A fetal heart rate tracing during a maternal grand mal seizure showed
      bradycardia, reduced short-term and long-term variability, and late decelerations
      suggesting asphyxia. It is concluded that grand mal seizures during pregnancy
      should be avoided by the use of antiepileptic drugs. Women with epilepsy require
      antenatal neurological and obstetric follow-up during pregnancy.

PMID- 4014344
TI  - The fetal biophysical profile in patients with premature rupture of the membranes
      -an early predictor of fetal infection.
AB  - A modified fetal biophysical profile (nonstress test, fetal movements, fetal
      breathing movements, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume, and placental grading)
      was serially assessed in 73 patients who presented with premature rupture of the
      membranes and were not in labor. The last study before delivery was compared with
      the outcome of pregnancy. The relationships between individual variables and
      combinations of variables (biophysical scoring) and the outcome of pregnancy--as
      reflected by the development of chorioamnionitis and/or neonatal sepsis--were
      determined. These data suggest that the fetal biophysical profile is a useful
      tool for evaluating patients with rupture of the membranes. Rupture of the
      membranes by itself does not alter the biophysical scoring of the healthy fetus;
      however, a low biophysical score (less than or equal to 7) was a good predictor
      of impending fetal infection in patients with premature rupture of the membranes.

PMID- 4014345
TI  - The survival of very low-birth weight infants by level of hospital of birth: a
      population study of perinatal systems in four states.
AB  - This study estimates differentials in survival among very low-birth weight
      infants according to hospital of birth, and seeks to determine importance of
      birth at high-technology centers versus birth at other urban or rural hospitals.
      Data from four states for 1978 and 1979 were used to estimate survival curves for
      the first 24 hours of life by type of hospital at birth, birth weight, and race.
      Significant (p less than 0.0001) differences in survival by type of hospital for
      both races at birth weights of 1000 to 1500 gm were observed. Smaller disparities
      were seen at birth weights of 750 to 1000 gm. Differentials in survival by
      hospital setting emerged in the first few hours after birth, underscoring the
      effectiveness of neonatal intensive care units in reducing infant mortality and
      the importance of maternal transport. Differentials persisted throughout the
      neonatal and postneonatal periods, although differences were attenuated. Prenatal
      assessment and provider and institutional cooperation can contribute to lowered
      mortality for high-risk infants and mothers.

PMID- 4014346
TI  - Fetal echocardiography. V. M-mode measurements of the aortic root and aortic
      valve in second- and third-trimester normal human fetuses.
AB  - The aortic root dimension and aortic valve excursion of 43 normal fetuses were
      recorded with M-mode echocardiography and the measured dimensions correlated with
      noncardiac measurements (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal
      circumference, and femur length) and cardiac measurements (diastolic
      biventricular inner dimension, diastolic left ventricular internal dimension, and
      mitral valve excursion). The correlation coefficients for the aortic root
      dimension ranged between 0.87 and 0.95, while those for the aortic valve
      excursion ranged between 0.78 and 0.87. Regression analysis demonstrated that the
      best fit of the data was a linear model from which the 5% and 95% confidence
      limits were computed for individual predictions of aortic root dimension and
      aortic valve excursion from noncardiac and cardiac measurements.

PMID- 4014347
TI  - Sympathoadrenal and cardiovascular reactivity in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
      II. Responses to tilting.
AB  - Sympathoadrenal and cardiovascular responses to tilting were studied in patients
      with pregnancy-induced hypertension and healthy control subjects during the last
      trimester of pregnancy and 8 to 12 weeks post partum. Blood volumes were lower in
      the patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension during pregnancy (0.065 versus
      0.081 L/kg, p less than 0.01) but not post partum. Tilting induced significantly
      smaller increases in heart rate and arterial plasma norepinephrine concentrations
      and smaller changes in blood pressure during pregnancy as compared to after
      pregnancy in both groups. Forearm vascular resistance increased significantly in
      both groups after pregnancy but only in the patients with pregnancy-induced
      hypertension during pregnancy. The forearm vasoconstrictor response to tilting
      was, in fact, totally abolished in the third trimester of normal pregnancy. The
      hypertensive patients had higher arterial plasma epinephrine levels at rest and
      greater epinephrine and norepinephrine responses to tilting than the control
      subjects during pregnancy. Normal pregnancy appears to reduce the circulatory and
      sympathoadrenal responses to orthostatic stress, presumably because of volume
      expansion that allows venous return to be better maintained in the upright
      position. The less pronounced pregnancy-induced increase in blood volume in
      patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension appears to explain the increased
      sympathoadrenal and forearm vascular reactivity in this group during pregnancy.

PMID- 4014348
TI  - Prevention of endomyometritis by local application of antibiotic solution during
      cesarean section.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated a reduction in the incidence of
      endomyometritis by using irrigation with 1000 ml of saline as a diluent at
      cesarean section. In this study 2 gm of cefoxitin sodium in 20 ml of saline
      solution was used for local application to the uterus and abdominal wound in 100
      patients undergoing emergency cesarean section; results were compared to those in
      100 patients who received no antibiotic at operation. Six patients in the
      treatment group developed endomyometritis as opposed to 33 in the untreated group
      (p less than 0.001) and hospital stay was reduced by almost 2 days (p less than
      0.001). Local use of cefoxitin sodium appears effective in reducing the incidence
      of endomyometritis. A prospective double-blind study, however, is imperative
      before definite conclusions can be made.

PMID- 4014349
TI  - Bartholin's cyst: marsupialization or aspiration?
AB  - Of 34 patients with bartholinitis, two thirds had abscesses and one third had
      cysts. Aspiration provided not only relief but also material for bacteriologic
      culture. Ninety-five percent of the abscesses, half of them caused by gonorrhea,
      could be treated with penicillin and metronidazole. Cysts were not treated with
      chemotherapy. Cure rate was 85%.

PMID- 4014350
TI  - Maternal virilization in pregnancy due to an unclassified sex-cord stromal
      neoplasm.
AB  - Virilization in pregnancy has been reported with various ovarian neoplasms.
      Presented is a case of maternal virilization resulting from an unclassified sex
      cord stromal neoplasm.

PMID- 4014351
TI  - Fluorescence polarization values of amniotic fluid collected from the vagina
      after rupture of the membranes.
AB  - Transvaginal collection of amniotic fluid and the use of a reliable test for
      fetal lung maturity will provide information needed in the management of patients
      with premature rupture of the membranes.

PMID- 4014352
TI  - Severe hypoglycemia associated with HELLP syndrome.
AB  - Presented is a case of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low
      platelet counts, in which severe maternal hypoglycemia occurred 8 hours after
      delivery. It is proposed that the hepatic pathologic features in this case were
      severe enough to interfere with glycogenolysis and glyconeogenesis.

PMID- 4014353
TI  - Disposition of ethanol in maternal blood, fetal blood, and amniotic fluid of
      third-trimester pregnant ewes.
AB  - The disposition of ethanol in maternal arterial blood, fetal arterial blood, and
      amniotic fluid of nine conscious, cannulated pregnant ewes (128 to 137 days'
      gestation) was determined for 1-hour maternal intravenous infusion of ethanol, 1
      gm/kg maternal body weight. The maternal arterial blood and fetal arterial blood
      ethanol concentration-time curves were virtually superimposable up to 14 hours.
      The apparent zero-order ethanol elimination rates for maternal arterial blood and
      fetal arterial blood were similar. There was a time lag in the transfer of
      ethanol into amniotic fluid relative to fetal arterial blood, and the peak
      ethanol concentration in amniotic fluid was significantly lower than the
      concentrations in maternal arterial blood and fetal arterial blood. The apparent
      zero-order ethanol elimination rate for amniotic fluid was slower, but not
      significantly so, compared with the ethanol elimination rates for maternal
      arterial blood and fetal arterial blood. Ethanol-derived acetaldehyde was found
      in maternal arterial blood, fetal arterial blood, and amniotic fluid at
      concentrations at least 1000-fold lower than the respective ethanol
      concentrations. The data indicate that, for administration of this ethanol dosage
      regimen to the third-trimester pregnant ewe, there is rapid, bidirectional
      placental transfer of ethanol; elimination of ethanol from the fetus is regulated
      primarily by maternal elimination of ethanol; the amniotic fluid may serve as a
      reservoir for ethanol in utero; and there is appreciable acetaldehyde
      metabolizing capacity.

PMID- 4014354
TI  - Direct-vision sampling of chorionic villi during extra-amniotic instillation of
      physiologic saline solution: effect on intrauterine pressure and fetal heart
      activity.
AB  - After 150 ml of physiologic saline solution had been infused into the extra
      amniotic space before first-trimester vacuum aspiration abortion, intrauterine
      pressure ranged between 16 and 23 mm Hg, thus not more than during Braxton Hicks
      contractions. At chorionic villi sampling during continuous saline solution
      infusion, fetal heart activity (beats per 15 seconds) decreased temporarily from
      about 36 to about 33.

PMID- 4014355
TI  - Vascular reactivity in the hind limb of the pregnant ewe.
AB  - The data generated by this study are consistent with the fact that pregnancy and
      progesterone treatment are associated with an increase in vascular reactivity to
      phenylephrine and a decrease in reactivity to angiotensin II in the circulation
      to the hind limb of the ewe. This shows that the way in which vascular reactivity
      changes during pregnancy is dependent both upon the circulation and the
      vasoconstrictor being examined. It suggests that sensitivity and contractility
      could change in opposite directions in this circulation during pregnancy. This
      will require additional verification, both as to its existence and whether this
      is an important normal cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy.

PMID- 4014356
TI  - 3H-dopamine clearance from the intravascular compartment of the maternal and
      fetal rhesus monkey.
AB  - The clearance of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the intravascular
      compartment has previously been demonstrated in both pregnant and nonpregnant
      models. With the use of the pregnant rhesus monkey, this study describes the
      clearance of dopamine from the fetal and maternal intravascular compartments. In
      both, the dopamine clearance was biphasic with an initial half-life of 1.5
      minutes in fetal blood and 1.0 minute in maternal blood. These studies also
      confirmed that dopamine does not significantly cross the placenta in an intact
      form. These observations are consistent with those made for the other two major
      catecholamines.

PMID- 4014358
TI  - Diabetes and spontaneous abortion.

PMID- 4014357
TI  - Clearance of 3H-dopamine from the amniotic fluid in the rhesus monkey.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that dopamine is the major catecholamine in the
      amniotic fluid; however, there are few data available concerning the metabolism
      of this hormone in the amniotic fluid compartment. With the use of acute 3H
      dopamine injection studies into the amniotic sac of pregnant rhesus monkeys, the
      dopamine half-life was observed to be 29 minutes, the amniotic fluid volume was
      113 ml, the metabolic clearance rate was 164 ml/hr, and the calculated production
      rate was 436 ng/hr. The biphasic pattern of dopamine clearance from this
      compartment suggests that it is cleared from the amniotic sac by mechanisms
      similar to those used in the intravascular compartment.

PMID- 4014359
TI  - Prenatal screening for hemoglobinopathies.

PMID- 4014360
TI  - Article does not show harm from midforceps.

PMID- 4014361
TI  - In defense of midforceps.

PMID- 4014362
TI  - The role of midforceps in current obstetric practice.

PMID- 4014363
TI  - Idiopathic nonimmune hydrops: a common entity.

PMID- 4014364
TI  - Proper documentation of hemoglobinopathies.

PMID- 4014365
TI  - Tocolysis of eclampsia-associated uterine hypertonus.

PMID- 4014366
TI  - More on malignant hyperthermia during delivery.

PMID- 4014367
TI  - Premature rupture of membranes at term.

PMID- 4014368
TI  - Unusual melanocytic nevi of the conjunctiva.
AB  - In one patient, an epithelioid cell nevus of the conjunctiva contained numerous
      large, unpigmented, mononucleated, binucleated, and multinucleated benign
      appearing nevus cells with abundant cytoplasm and frequent intranuclear vacuoles.
      Despite their overall size, the cells manifested a low nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio.
      After a partial excision of the lesion, the remainder spontaneously regressed
      during a two-year period. Another patient's lesion was dominated by a
      proliferation of spindle nevus cells developing in a long-standing epibulbar
      nevus. The spindle cells were moderately pigmented, frequently located within
      walls of epithelial inclusion cysts, and had benign cytologic features. Finally,
      in a third patient with the cutaneous B-K mole syndrome, a dysplastic
      conjunctival nevus developed that featured intraepithelial, atypical melanocytic
      proliferation with superficial colonization of the substantia propria. This
      portion coexisted with a deeper, preexistent lesion in the substantia propria
      that was comprised of orderly nests of unpigmented cuboidal nevus cells
      surrounded by pigmented, spindle-shaped blue nevus cells--a so-called "mixed
      nevus."

PMID- 4014369
TI  - Results of conventional vitreous surgery for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - During a five-year period (1978 through 1982), we used conventional vitreous
      surgery techniques to treat patients who had recurrent retinal detachment as the
      result of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. At a six-month follow-up, 24 (33%) of
      72 patients achieved total retinal reattachment; 14 patients regained ambulatory
      vision (5/200 or better) after one operation. Only 12 patients were reoperated
      on; four achieved retinal reattachment. Anatomic success correlated with a lesser
      grade of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and an absence of detectable retinal
      breaks. Creation of iatrogenic retinal tears and broad scleral buckling and an
      extended interval between the initial detachment and vitreous surgery did not
      improve the prognosis.

PMID- 4014370
TI  - The ocular findings in Kniest dysplasia.
AB  - We studied seven patients who had Kniest dysplasia. All of the patients had
      congenital severe myopia and vitreoretinal degeneration. Four patients developed
      rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Early surgery on one patient resulted in
      successful reattachment and 20/50 vision at a three-year follow-up visit. Other
      ocular findings included cataracts in two patients, dislocated lenses in one
      patient, and blepharoptosis in one patient.

PMID- 4014371
TI  - Shape factor in the penetration of intraocular foreign bodies.
AB  - We studied the way in which the shape of a missile striking the eye affects the
      ease of penetration of the central cornea. The test objects were enucleated pigs'
      eyes restored to normal intraocular pressure by cannulation of the optic nerve
      and connection of the cannula to a manometric system of physiologic saline. The
      shape, size, and weight of the missiles were carefully controlled. We attempted
      to keep these factors within the range of common civilian experience. Missile
      speed was measured photoelectrically. For each combination of weight and
      velocity, penetration of the missile was determined consistently, by the point
      shape. Penetration was most difficult for the blunt tip and least difficult for
      the knife-shaped tip.

PMID- 4014372
TI  - The pathophysiology of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in its management.
AB  - Cellular proliferation following retinal reattachment surgery frequently results
      in contraction and subsequent recurrent detachment of the retina, negating an
      initial successful reattachment. This process has been called by a variety of
      names, such as massive vitreous retraction, massive preretinal retraction, and,
      more recently, proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Although a good start has been
      made by the Retina Society to classify the various types of proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy, some modifications in the classification are required. The
      fundamental problem in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy is a lack
      of knowledge regarding the factors that stimulate the proliferation of cells. The
      vitreoretinal surgeon should recognize in the life cycle of this process that
      stage which an eye with retinal detachment has reached. If there is no active
      cellular proliferation, then a scleral buckle will usually suffice. If there is
      traction from epiretinal membranes which cannot be relieved by a buckle, then
      vitrectomy and adjunct procedures are necessary. If there is active cellular
      proliferation and epiretinal membranes, then the arguments related to proper
      timing of vitrectomy must be considered. In cases where the retinal holes can be
      identified and closed, scleral buckling may be performed with subsequent delayed
      vitrectomy. In most cases, in my experience, a combination of revision of the
      scleral buckle is required at the time of vitrectomy and membrane segmentation
      for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Until such time as drugs are available to
      inhibit cellular proliferation or until our basic understanding of the cell
      biology of this process allows other means of pharmacologic intervention,
      mechanical approaches will remain necessary for the treatment of the most
      advanced cases.

PMID- 4014373
TI  - Fluorescein angiography in reticular degeneration of the pigment epithelium.
AB  - We studied reticular degeneration of the pigment epithelium by fluorescein
      angiography in 32 eyes of 50 consecutive patients who had ophthalmoscopic
      indications of this aging-related entity. In this type of degeneration,
      fluorescein angiography delineated extensive abnormalities of the retinal pigment
      epithelium and demonstrated normal-appearing retinal vessels and
      choriocapillaries in the affected areas.

PMID- 4014374
TI  - Functional visual loss.
AB  - Patients with functional loss of visual acuity or visual fields range from the
      "deliberate malingerer" to the "suggestible innocent." Between these extremes are
      patients with varying mixtures of fraud and suggestibility. These patients do
      not, as a rule, have psychiatric disease and do not need to see a psychiatrist.
      The ophthalmologist must be able to control frustration with these patients to
      prove that the patient has better visual fields and visual acuity than admitted
      to, and so that he can perform a careful, dispassionate examination to establish
      that no organic disease is present. This examination makes it possible to offer
      believable reassurance to the patient. Simple reassurance seems to be effective
      therapy.

PMID- 4014375
TI  - Idiopathic amblyopia.
AB  - Two children without strabismus, anisometropia, or a history of form-vision
      deprivation who had normal stereoacuity were amblyopic in one eye. The amblyopia
      responded to occlusion treatment of the sound eye and visual acuity decreased
      again after cessation of therapy. There is no explanation for this amblyopia. It
      is possible, however, that binocularly provoked inhibition of the fovea of one
      eye was conditioned during infancy by an amblyopiogenic condition such as
      anisometropia. This inhibition may have continued to be triggered by binocular
      vision in these patients, even though the original obstacle to fusion was no
      longer apparent.

PMID- 4014376
TI  - Slit-lamp microscopic appearance of corneal wound healing after radial
      keratotomy.
AB  - Radial keratotomy offers a unique opportunity to study corneal wound healing
      because the corneas are normal, the fine knife blades disrupt adjacent tissue
      minimally, no sutures are used, there is minimal inflammation, and few
      postoperative drugs are administered. We studied corneal wounds with a slit-lamp
      microscope as they healed from two weeks to three years after radial keratotomy
      in 84 eyes of 51 consecutive patients enrolled in the Prospective Evaluation of
      Radial Keratotomy (PERK) Study. One day after surgery, the incisions were
      surrounded by edema. At two weeks, a dense, gray, diffusely marginated opacity
      occupied 0.1 mm on both sides of the incision. At three months, the area adjacent
      to the incision was filled with discrete, fine, gray spicules that protruded at
      right angles from the incision. At six months, the gray cloudiness had completely
      disappeared, and the individual spicules were more prominent. By one year, the
      spicules were disappearing from the anterior portion of the incision and were
      concentrated primarily in the posterior part of the incisions. At two and three
      years, the incision scar was fainter and the spicules had disappeared from all
      but the deep posterior part of the wound. We believe that these spicules
      correspond to the reorganization of the stroma along the edges of the corneal
      incision. The persistence of the spicules suggests that wound healing in radial
      keratotomy may not be complete until two years or more after surgery.

PMID- 4014377
TI  - Recurrences and bilaterality in the multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome.
AB  - Multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome recurred in two men (23 and 44 years of
      age, respectively). One patient had a recurrence in the previously affected eye
      three years after the initial visual loss; the other patient had two recurrences
      in the contralateral eye, each separated by two years. Two additional patients (a
      28-year-old woman and a 21-year-old man) had bilateral but asymmetric acute
      involvement. Computerized visual study showed a loss of retinal sensitivity in
      both eyes, correlating poorly with the clinically observed lesions. Results of
      electro-oculography were abnormal in the patients with bilateral involvement;
      results of electro-retinography were abnormal only in the more severely involved
      eye. Systemic investigation in the two bilateral cases was unrevealing. None of
      the four patients had experienced a preceding influenza-like illness and all had
      complete recovery of vision within four to six weeks.

PMID- 4014378
TI  - Characterization of human uveal melanoma cells by phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - We performed experiments to determine the potential usefulness of nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectra in the diagnosis and follow-up of ocular melanoma.
      High-resolution phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra at 109.3 MHz
      were obtained for human uveal melanoma, Greene hamster melanoma, and normal human
      diploid fibroblast cells. Phosphate metabolites were identified and their
      concentrations were shown to vary among the different cell lines. Uveal melanoma
      cells contain unusually high concentrations of the phospholipid metabolite
      phosphorylcholine and the phosphodiesters glycerol 3-phosphoryl choline and
      glycerol 3-phosphoryl ethanolamine. Baseline data are thus provided for studies
      of the effect of various treatment modalities on uveal melanoma. These initial
      results suggest that the data provided by high-resolution phosphorus 31 nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectra can provide useful diagnostic and follow-up data with
      respect to ocular melanoma.

PMID- 4014379
TI  - Effects of eye rubbing on the conjunctiva as a model of ocular inflammation.
AB  - We assessed the effects of eye rubbing on the histologic characteristics and
      inflammatory cell infiltrate of the conjunctiva. The upper eyelids of 20 adult
      rats were rubbed during a five-minute period, and then the animals were killed
      immediately, or at four, eight, or 24 hours after trauma. One eye of each animal
      was rubbed; the unrubbed contralateral eye served as a control. Counts of mast
      cells, degranulated mast cells, and inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils,
      lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages) were recorded from conjunctival
      samples from the upper eyelid. Immediately after eye rubbing the conjunctival
      epithelium was histologically disrupted and 50% of the mast cells showed evidence
      of degranulation. At four hours after trauma the increase in the number of
      neutrophils was more than 2,300%. Neutrophils were in the margins in the
      conjunctival vessels, had migrated into the substantia propria, and were aligned
      subjacent to the epithelial basement membrane; large numbers of neutrophils
      populated the epithelium. The four-hour stage was the most dramatic phase of
      inflammation that occurred from the eye rubbing. At 24 hours there was a
      significant increase in the number of macrophages. The numbers of lymphocytes,
      plasma cells, and eosinophils were not significantly changed throughout the
      study. Our findings demonstrate that eye rubbing histologically disrupts the
      epithelium and induces significant alteration in the inflammatory cell infiltrate
      of the conjunctiva. These changes may influence the course of ocular disease.

PMID- 4014380
TI  - A morphologic and autoradiographic study of cell death and regeneration in the
      retinal microvasculature of normal and diabetic rats.
AB  - Cell loss and regeneration were investigated and compared in the retinal
      microvasculature of age- and sex-matched normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats.
      Selective pericyte loss in the diabetic rat was characterized by changes in the
      pericyte to endothelial cell ratio in retinal capillaries isolated for microscopy
      by the trypsin digest technique. A comparison of 3- and 9-month-old normal rats
      showed no significant change in the pericyte to endothelial cell ratio (1:2.7).
      In diabetic animals the ratio was reduced to 1:4.03, which was statistically
      significant (P less than .001). Premitotic retinal vascular cells in normal and
      diabetic rats were labelled with tritiated thymidine and the labelling indices
      calculated from cell counts of trypsin digest preparations. Methyl H3 thymidine
      was infused continuously over an eight-day period using osmotic mini pumps. The
      labelling index of endothelial cells (0.33%) in normal rats increased to 0.91% in
      diabetic animals (P less than .05). The labelling index of pericyte cells in
      normal animals (0.16%) did not increase significantly (P greater than .05) in
      diabetic animals (0.19%). A special stain was used to exclude labelled
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the cell counts.

PMID- 4014381
TI  - Cryptogenic oculomotor nerve palsies in children.
AB  - We examined two cases of isolated, acquired, unremitting oculomotor palsies in
      children. The results of systemic, neurologic, and neuroradiologic investigations
      were normal. Both children were observed for more than two years and showed no
      additional signs or symptoms. Acquired isolated oculomotor palsies in some cases
      are not necessarily a harbinger of serious disease.

PMID- 4014382
TI  - Evolution of benign concentric annular macular dystrophy.
AB  - In 1974, Deutman described a family with an autosomal dominantly inherited
      macular dystrophy that he termed "benign concentric annular macular (bull's-eye)
      dystrophy." Ten years later, we performed a follow-up examination. Some patients
      complained of deterioration of visual acuity, night vision, and color vision. The
      macular dystrophy had progressed. The fundus periphery was more involved and in
      two patients there were bone corpuscle-like pigmentations. Electrophysiologic
      examination showed increased photoreceptor dysfunction with equal involvement of
      the rod and cone system. The patients had an acquired type III blue-yellow color
      vision defect with pseudoprotanomaly.

PMID- 4014383
TI  - Hematologic reactions to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AB  - The National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects has received 79 case
      reports of suspected hematopoietic toxicity caused by carbonic anhydrase
      inhibitors. Twenty-six of these suspected cases (32%) resulted in death secondary
      to aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or agranulocytosis. In 54 of these 79,
      adverse reactions (68%) occurred during the first six months of therapy.

PMID- 4014384
TI  - A clinical, fluorescein angiographic, and electron microscopic correlation of
      cystoid macular edema.
AB  - Electron microscopic findings in an eye removed from a woman who had
      biomicroscopic and angiographic signs of cystoid macular edema occurring in
      association with a peripheral choroidal melanoma disclosed evidence that the
      anatomic basis for the biomicroscopic and angiographic changes was the polycystic
      expansion of the extravascular compartment of the retina by serous exudate and
      not, as previously reported, edema of the Mueller's cells.

PMID- 4014385
TI  - Unilateral esotropia after enucleation in infancy.
AB  - Five patients developed esotropia in the remaining eye after unilateral
      enucleation in the first few weeks to months of life. Esotropia was associated
      with a face turn toward the opposite side and abduction nystagmus with a null
      point in extreme adduction. Our experience with these patients supports the
      reflexogenic theory for the development of a type of congenital-infantile
      esotropia. An intact globe-ocular muscle relationship, even in a blind eye, may
      have a stabilizing effect on the fellow eye in the first few weeks to months of
      life, and this should be considered before enucleation is done.

PMID- 4014386
TI  - Radiation therapy for thyroid eye diseases.
AB  - Sixty-two patients (28 men and 34 women, 26 to 84 years old) with thyroid
      ophthalmopathy were treated with approximately 20 Gy of fractionated photon
      irradiation. Eight of 14 patients with motility problems improved after
      treatment. Ten of 14 with thyroid optic neuropathy improved or stabilized, but
      four had recurrences within five months after completion of irradiation.
      Generally, patients who had disease durations of less than six months responded
      better than those with more long-term ocular changes.

PMID- 4014387
TI  - Iris melanomas.
AB  - Most iris tumors behave benignly, reflecting their small size and the high
      proportion of nevi and spindle A melanomas. Of 1,043 reported iris melanomas, 31
      metastasized (3%). Metastasis from a spindle A melanoma is not known to occur
      despite documented growth and local recurrence after excision. If known spindle A
      melanomas are excluded from all reported spindle cell tumors of the iris, the
      rate of metastasis for spindle cell tumors is 2.6%. Mixed-cell melanomas have a
      metastasis rate of 10.5% and epithelioid melanomas a rate of 6.9%. The interval
      between the histologic diagnosis and death from metastases ranged from three
      months to 12 years, with an average of 6.5 years. Five- and ten-year mortality
      rates for different cell types cannot be ascertained. Iris angiography may be
      useful in defining the limits of tumor involvement but is of uncertain value in
      differentiating benignancy from malignancy. Of the 31 cases with metastases, 21
      included information on the type of surgical procedure used to obtain the
      histologic diagnosis. In 13 of the 21 cases (62%), the tumors were initially
      involved with either incomplete excision or inadvertent transection before
      enucleation.

PMID- 4014388
TI  - The oculocardiac reflex during ophthalmoscopy in premature infants.
AB  - Of 54 consecutive infants referred for ophthalmoscopy with the pupils dilated,
      continuous electrocardiographic monitoring showed that 17 (31%) had bradycardia,
      ranging from 10% to 59% of baseline, coincident with instillation of eyedrops,
      insertion of an eyelid speculum, pressure on the globe, or stretching of the
      medial and lateral recti muscles.

PMID- 4014389
TI  - Rearranged automated keratometer for newborn infants and patients in the supine
      position.
AB  - To measure corneal curvature in newborn infants and patients in the supine
      position, we rearranged an automated keratometer, dividing it into two parts, the
      power unit and the measuring system. The measuring unit was mounted on a
      universal stand. We observed no difference in measured value between the sitting
      and supine positions and no difference in maneuverability. We also examined the
      effect of a speculum in normal adult subjects in the supine position, in which
      both the strong and the weak radii and the axis of astigmatism were slightly
      affected. However, there was no significant difference in the mean values of the
      strong and weak radii of corneal curvature in 22 eyes of infants with corrected
      gestational ages of 37 to 43 weeks. The examination was carried out with ease.
      The mean value of corneal curvature was 7.05 mm and the range was 6.63 to 7.74
      mm.

PMID- 4014390
TI  - Ocular deviation after retinal detachment surgery.
AB  - Thirty patients with untreated rhegmatogenous retinal detachments underwent
      complete ocular muscle examinations before scleral buckling procedures. The
      examination was repeated three weeks, six weeks, three months, and six months
      after surgery. We found a high incidence of heterotropia after surgery; in most
      cases this resolved during the first six postoperative months. This resolution
      progressed from heterotropia to heterophoria to orthophoria. We believe this
      change results from phoria adaptation. Diplopia occurred in three patients. We
      found no statistically significant association between this diplopia and the type
      of surgery used.

PMID- 4014391
TI  - Fluid dynamics in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.
AB  - Inward and outward permeabilities to sodium fluorescein at the blood-retinal
      barrier were measured by kinetic vitreous fluorophotometry in ten eyes with
      rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Fellow eyes were used as controls. Inward
      permeability of eyes with detachments was significantly larger than that of
      controls (P less than .005), suggesting damage to the blood-retinal barrier in
      eyes with detachments. Outward permeability of eyes with detachment and retinal
      holes was slightly less than that of controls, but the difference was not
      statistically significant. However, outward permeability of eyes with detachments
      and with retinal tears was significantly larger than that of controls (P less
      than .05). This increased outward permeability may be attributed to the increased
      fluid flow posteriorly through the break across the retinal pigment epithelium.

PMID- 4014392
TI  - The clinical significance of the reduced capillary resistance factor in the
      diabetic patient.
AB  - A statistical survey in a group of 235 subjects (174 diabetic patients and 61
      nondiabetic control subjects) was conducted to evaluate the incidence of reduced
      capillary resistance factor in respect to diabetic disease, to its duration, and
      to the severity of retinopathy. To evaluate the capillary resistance we used a
      cupping-glass method (Parrot's angiosterrometer test). The incidence of reduced
      capillary resistance proved to increase in frequency with diabetes, with its
      duration, and with the severity of retinopathy. Thus, reduced capillary
      resistance represents a negative prognostic element for retinopathy.

PMID- 4014393
TI  - Progressive cone dystrophy associated with low alpha-L-fucosidase activity in
      serum and leukocytes.
AB  - The enzyme activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase, and alpha-D-mannosidase were not significantly different in
      patients with myopia, retinal detachment, hereditary macular dystrophy, and
      unusual progressive cone dystrophy. alpha-L-Fucosidase activity in sera was lower
      in three patients with myopia and in two patients with unusual progressive cone
      dystrophy than in most of the others. Leukocytic alpha-L-fucosidase activity was
      lower in those with unusual progressive cone dystrophy. The two unrelated
      patients with unusual progressive cone dystrophy had slowly deteriorating visual
      acuity, color vision, and photopic electroretinographic responses, but
      ophthalmoscopically normal fundi and noncontributory family histories.

PMID- 4014394
TI  - Argon laser trabeculoplasty as a means of decreasing intraocular pressure from
      "normal" levels in glaucomatous eyes.
AB  - We conducted a retrospective study of 67 patients (85 eyes) with severe glaucoma
      to determine whether argon laser trabeculoplasty could reduce intraocular
      pressures below the "normal" range. All patients had initial intraocular
      pressures of less than or equal to 19 mm Hg. Success was defined as a decrease in
      intraocular pressure of at least 20%, no increase in medications, stable visual
      field, and no subsequent glaucoma surgery. After an average follow-up period of
      30 months, treatment was successful in 31 cases. One half of the failures
      occurred by six months and 11 failures (30%) occurred after 12 months. Sixteen
      patients were able to decrease their medications. Two patients achieved
      intraocular pressures between 6 and 9 mm Hg and 20 between 10 and 12 mm Hg.

PMID- 4014395
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the Dicon CAT 100 applanation tonometer.
AB  - A comparison of the Dicon CAT 100 applanation tonometer with the Goldmann
      tonometer in anesthetized human eyes with normal corneas disclosed high
      correlations for low, intermediate, high, and mean readings, but regression
      analysis showed that the y intercept was significantly different from 0 and that
      the slope was different from 1. The CAT 100 systematically overestimated low
      intraocular pressure levels and underestimated high intraocular pressure levels
      and thus is not accurate enough for clinical use.

PMID- 4014396
TI  - Mydriasis and conjunctival paresthesia from local gentamicin.

PMID- 4014397
TI  - Susceptibility of Acanthamoeba to surgical instrument sterilization techniques.

PMID- 4014398
TI  - Iritis after herbicide exposure.

PMID- 4014399
TI  - Insect sting in a cornea.

PMID- 4014400
TI  - Idiopathic sectoral corneal endotheliitis.

PMID- 4014401
TI  - Pneumatic syringe used in fibrovascular membrane surgery.

PMID- 4014402
TI  - A method of removing displaced silicone tubing from the nasolacrimal duct system.

PMID- 4014403
TI  - A new subperiosteal glass bead inserter.

PMID- 4014404
TI  - Retinal detachment in chronic brucellosis.

PMID- 4014405
TI  - Xerophthalmia rates in children in Ethiopia and Sudan.

PMID- 4014406
TI  - Prolonged complementary chromatopsia in users of video display terminals.

PMID- 4014407
TI  - Pseudo-internuclear ophthalmoplegia after surgical paresis of the medial rectus
      muscle.

PMID- 4014408
TI  - Fleck retina in Kjellin's syndrome.

PMID- 4014409
TI  - Avulsed retinal veins without retinal breaks.

PMID- 4014410
TI  - The role of the occupational therapist-work evaluator.
AB  - This paper presents the role of the occupational therapist as that of a work
      evaluator who provides services to injured workers. Therapists, by virtue of
      their professional knowledge, have a frame of reference for work evaluation and
      understand the factors that interrupt the work process. In work evaluation, the
      therapist assists the injured worker to develop work readiness and the physical
      capacities necessary for working productively. This development takes place in a
      therapeutic milieu where the "worker" role is regained. The role of the
      occupational therapist-work evaluator includes work-oriented treatment in the
      acute care setting, job analysis, work tolerance screening, work capacity
      evaluation, work hardening, and job market reentry management in the work
      evaluation and community settings.

PMID- 4014411
TI  - Work hardening: occupational therapy in industrial rehabilitation.
AB  - Work hardening, presented in this paper as a "new" service for the industrially
      injured, is actually well grounded in the traditional models and practices of
      occupational therapy. From the profession's early roots in industrial therapy to
      the development of a variety of programs for the industrially injured through the
      1950s and 1960s, the historical and philosophical bases of occupational therapy
      support the use of work as an evaluative and therapeutic medium. What is actually
      new is the adoption of terminology, technology, and a program format that fits in
      with the needs of consumers in the 1980s. Recent developments that created the
      need for the specialized services that occupational therapists are uniquely
      qualified to provide include growth of private sector vocational rehabilitation,
      changes in workers' compensation laws, and increasing costs of vocational
      rehabilitation. This paper describes work hardening in its present form. A case
      example is given that demonstrates how work hardening can be a cost-effective and
      time-saving bridge which spans the gap between curative medicine and the return
      to work.

PMID- 4014412
TI  - Vocational rehabilitation of the older worker.
AB  - Work is an important social role. A disability can interfere with a person's work
      abilities and opportunities at any age. Unfortunately, the older population has
      received disproportionately little attention in rehabilitation, particularly in
      vocational rehabilitation. This is true, in spite of the fact that there is a
      growing population of older persons, with a high prevalence of disability. When
      returning an older disabled person to work, consideration of his or her
      particular physical, psychological, and social characteristics is required. This
      paper discusses the involvement of occupational therapists in the returning of
      older persons to work.

PMID- 4014413
TI  - Three frames of reference in work-related occupational therapy programs.
AB  - This paper discusses the relationship of a theoretical frame of reference to the
      implementation of a work-oriented program. Three frames of reference in
      occupational therapy are reviewed, and work-related theories and approaches
      available to therapists are categorized under each. Examples of the application
      of various frames of reference are given through an analysis of work programs
      described in the occupational therapy literature. We recommend that therapists
      select and apply frames of reference systematically when developing work programs
      to facilitate the development of a body of knowledge in this area.

PMID- 4014414
TI  - Specialized accreditation: endangered species in an era of change.

PMID- 4014415
TI  - Professional development: clinician to academician.
AB  - Drawing on literature from other professions, this paper identifies factors that
      occupational therapists should consider when making the transition from clinician
      to academician. It describes the following four stages of a professional career:
      apprentice, colleague, mentor, and sponsor. Five academic stages of faculty
      development are also presented. In addition, the work life of a faculty member is
      delineated.

PMID- 4014416
TI  - The use of community networks for chronic psychiatric patients.
AB  - This paper describes a program, the Work Readiness Seminar, designed in
      collaboration with a community organization, the Altrusa Club, to respond to
      needs of chronic psychiatric female patients. The five sessions of the program
      provide the women with information about everyday survival skills and an
      opportunity to practice these skills. The excellent role models provided by the
      Altrusa Club members and the programming of life skills "in vivo" are the
      strengths of the program. This paper also briefly describes three additional
      programs that evolved from the Work Readiness Seminar. All four programs use
      community groups as a resource for teaching life skills to chronic psychiatric
      patients.

PMID- 4014417
TI  - Variables that contribute to leadership among female occupational therapists.
AB  - This study determined which variables differentiated occupational therapy leaders
      from nonleaders and identified factors that contributed to leadership. The
      subjects were 405 occupational therapists 36 to 74 years old. Some (79) were
      leaders in the field, and others (326) were randomly selected members of The
      American Occupational Therapy Association who did not occupy leadership roles.
      Eighty-nine percent of the questionnaires were returned. Few demographic
      differences separated the two groups; however, the findings showed that a
      substantial portion of the leaders shared experiences in childhood, adolescence,
      and early adulthood that the nonleaders did not share. Leaders viewed themselves
      as leaders, desired leadership, and saw leadership as an appropriate activity for
      women. Their view of the female role was less traditional than that of
      nonleaders. They married much less frequently; those who did marry had fewer
      children. Most married leaders' husbands highly supported their wives' leadership
      activities.

PMID- 4014418
TI  - Time allocation patterns of occupational therapists in Israel: implications for
      job satisfaction.
AB  - This study analyzes the time allocation patterns at work of a sample group of
      Israeli occupational therapists who function in different roles and specialty
      areas. The sample consisted of 89 female occupational therapists working in the
      areas of physical impairment, rehabilitation, psychiatry, and pediatrics.
      Subjects recorded all of their activities during one work week and rated 23
      previously identified occupational therapy activities according to perceived
      levels of importance. The results indicated that, on the whole, occupational
      therapists in all areas devoted at least two-thirds of their time to treatment
      related activities (direct and indirect treatment). The results led us to
      conclude that the time allocation patterns used may have been conducive to
      "burnout." Therefore, to facilitate professional growth, we recommend that
      priorities be set and followed and also that role definitions be adhered to more
      strictly.

PMID- 4014419
TI  - Brief or new: toilet independence for the severe bilateral upper limb amputee.

PMID- 4014420
TI  - Promises to keep: implications of the referent "patient" versus "client" for
      those served by occupational therapy.

PMID- 4014421
TI  - Ethics of clinical research.
AB  - The clinical researcher has certain obligations to subjects and theorists
      associated with the research being proposed. This article has identified some of
      the major ethical considerations that characterize "good" research. The related
      readings will give more information regarding ethics of clinical research.

PMID- 4014422
TI  - Symposium on nearpoint visual stress. Introduction.

PMID- 4014423
TI  - Functional case analysis: an interpretation of the Skeffington model.
AB  - The four components of the model of vision developed by Skeffington are
      described. The influence of stress induced by reading on the interrelation
      between accommodation (identification) and convergence (centering) is discussed.
      The use of a convex lens to reduce the need for adaptive responses is presented.

PMID- 4014424
TI  - Models of mutual interactions between accommodation and convergence.
AB  - Several possible models of interactions between accommodation and convergence are
      compared. Accommodative and fusional vergence effort are predicted for each model
      using the same set of clinical data. Only one model makes predictions that are
      consistent with clinical and laboratory observations of fixation disparity. The
      results support the clinical use of graphical analysis of mutual interactions
      between accommodation and convergence in the diagnosis of accommodative vergence
      disorders.

PMID- 4014425
TI  - Clinical approaches to nearpoint lens power determination.
AB  - Qualitative and quantitative criteria for prescribing plus lenses at near for
      prepresbyopes together with 12 behavioral objectives are described. Four
      quantitative prescription criteria are presented using a combined monocular
      estimate method-low neutral (MEM-LN) dynamic retinoscopy testing procedure. Each
      of the four prescription criteria are evaluated relative to an arbitrary +0.50
      sphere prescription for seven different observable patterns of accommodative
      responses at 40 cm. Clinical and research implications of prescribing plus
      spheres are evaluated relative to the change in proximal stimulus characteristics
      and the change in accommodative response. Intersystem and intermodal consequences
      are suggested.

PMID- 4014426
TI  - Clinical management of nearpoint stress-induced vision problems.
AB  - Functional vision problems caused by or associated with nearpoint vision stress
      include: accommodative disorders (insufficiency, ill-sustained, infacility);
      abnormal heterophorias (esophoria, high exophoria); and vergence disorders. These
      vision disorders cause problems with acuity, comfort, and performance
      (efficiency). A combination of lens prescribing, vision therapy, and work/study
      visual hygiene recommendations can eliminate or greatly reduce nearpoint stress
      induced vision problems.

PMID- 4014427
TI  - Determination of the effective diameter for the calculation of equivalent
      thickness of soft contact lenses.
AB  - This study determines the effective diameter of soft contact lenses for the
      calculation of their equivalent thickness by relating the physiological response
      to the wear of prescription and calibration (constant thickness) lenses in a
      group of subjects. First a relationship is derived between corneal swelling
      response and thickness of the calibration lenses. Then, by relating the swelling
      response obtained with the prescription lens to this relationship, it is possible
      to determine the equivalent thickness of the prescription lens. After determining
      the geometry of the prescription lenses it is possible to calculate by an
      iterative integration technique the diameter of the prescription lens to be used
      in the determination of equivalent thickness. This diameter is found to differ
      between plus and minus prescription lenses. The integration diameter for all lens
      powers was found to be 6.7 mm.

PMID- 4014428
TI  - Effects of soft contact lenses on contrast sensitivity.
AB  - This study attempts to resolve the conflicting reports relative to contrast
      sensitivity function (CSF) and soft contact lens wear. Contrast sensitivity was
      measured at six spatial frequencies for 19 subjects (38 eyes) when corrected with
      either spectacles or soft lenses. Measured amounts of residual astigmatism and/or
      sphere were corrected using a trial frame and lenses. Additionally, data were
      evaluated on more than one occasion in order to investigate the effect of time
      upon visual performance with the lenses. The results indicate a measurable
      decrease in contrast sensitivity for only the highest of the spatial frequencies
      tested (22.8 c/deg) when soft lenses were worn. For those eyes demonstrating a
      clinically significantly decrease in contrast sensitivity, responsibility appears
      to be shared by both the contact lens and the cornea. There were no significant
      changes in CSF over time.

PMID- 4014429
TI  - Illusory differences which are stereoacuity test cues.
AB  - Some persons perceive an illusion of unequal blackness when viewing two equally
      black rods in a stereoacuity test. With binocular vision, the blacker rod is
      usually the nearer of the two. If blackness is used as a cue to nearness, a
      stereoacuity test can be performed successfully without using stereopsis.
      Nevertheless, stereoacuity obtained by this means is usually inferior to that
      obtained with distance judgments. For this reason it is advisable to warn
      subjects against using a blackness difference as a cue to the nearer rod. Those
      who saw this illusion binocularly also saw it monocularly. Therefore, it is more
      than just an artifact of stereopsis. One person observed an illusory difference
      in rod width as well as blackness.

PMID- 4014430
TI  - Steady-state visual evoked response amplitudes and concurrent
      electroencephalographic activity.
AB  - Among the possible causes of steady-state visual evoked response (VER) amplitude
      variability are: concurrent electroencephalographic (EEG) activity occurring at
      frequencies other than that of the VER (alpha rhythms, etc.), and EEG activity
      occurring at the same frequency as the VER (Noise). To evaluate these two
      factors, 10 steady-state VER's (7.8 Hz pattern reversal rate) and 10 samples of
      resting EEG activity were obtained from each of 20 normal subjects. The
      correlations between VER and concurrent EEG activity at other frequencies were
      calculated from simultaneous determinations of Fourier-derived VER and EEG
      amplitudes. No significant correlations were found. Because EEG Noise occurring
      at the same frequency and time as the VER cannot easily be separated from the VER
      by Fourier transformation, two indirect techniques for assessing the amplitude of
      this Noise were evaluated: measurement of simultaneously recorded activity at
      frequencies directly adjacent to the 15.6 Hz VER frequency and measurement of EEG
      activity at 15.6 Hz obtained just before the VER measurements. Neither of these
      procedures could predict trial-by-trial variations in the amplitude of the Noise
      at 15.6 Hz. However, across subjects both procedures provided good estimates of
      the mean EEG Noise underlying the VER.

PMID- 4014431
TI  - Glomerular basement membrane discontinuities. Scanning electron microscopic study
      of acellular glomeruli.
AB  - Glomerulonephritides which develop necrotizing and crescentic lesions usually
      have glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disruptions when carefully examined by
      light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy. Despite numerous excellent
      and detailed ultrastructural investigations of GBM discontinuities, a complete
      appreciation of their actual number, appearance, and distribution within a
      glomerulus has been difficult to achieve by reconstruction of two-dimensional
      light or transmission electron microscopic images. Selective removal of podocytes
      by a sequence of lytic and solubilization procedures has been developed which
      exposes any structural alteration of the GBM to direct examination by scanning
      electron microscopy. A case of idiopathic, immune-complex-negative, focal
      segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis has been studied by this technique,
      permitting three-dimensional visualization of the GBM defects which result in
      free communication between the vascular and urinary spaces. These disruptions
      were distinctive by their frequency within an affected lobule, variable size, and
      sharply demarcated edges. Application of this technique to human renal biopsies
      is capable of enhancing our understanding of the morphologic alterations
      occurring in human glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 4014432
TI  - Proliferative and morphologic changes in rat colon following bypass surgery.
AB  - In this study the proliferative and morphologic changes that occur in the colon
      of normal and dimethylhydrazine-treated rats following surgical bypass of the
      middle third of the colon are reported. Proliferative changes were measured by
      estimating accumulated mitotic indexes following vinblastine treatment and
      morphologic changes were observed with the use of light microscopy and scanning
      electron microscopy. Data were collected on Days 0, 7, 14, 30, and 72 after
      surgery. The results show that surgical bypass produces contrasting effects in
      the segments proximal to and distal to the suture line. In the proximal segment
      there was morphologic evidence of hyperplasia, although proliferative activity
      was unchanged except for an increase at 7 days in normal rats. In the distal
      segment there was a long-lived increase in the mitotic index, although
      morphologic changes were not seen. The results for DMH-treated rats were similar
      to those in normal rats. Groups of isolated dysplastic epithelial cells were
      often seen in the submucosa adjacent to sutures up to 72 days after surgery.
      Increased lymphoid infiltration was seen in segments proximal to but not distal
      to the suture line. It is hypothesized that the different responses of the
      proximal and distal segments may be related to the different embryologic origins
      of those segments. It is also hypothesized that the seeding of the submucosa with
      epithelial cells during suturing may be a factor in tumor recurrence.

PMID- 4014433
TI  - Differences in lectin binding in tissue sections of human and murine malignant
      tumors and their metastases.
AB  - Lectin binding to tumor cells in tissue sections of 16 nonmetastatic and 24
      metastatic human adenocarcinomas and 5 nonmetastatic and 5 metastatic murine
      Lewis lung carcinomas (LLCs) was assessed with an avidin-biotin peroxidase
      technique. In human tumors, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA I) showed no
      binding; whereas concanavalin A (Con A), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA I),
      wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and Dolichos biflorus
      agglutinin (DBA) bound equally to primaries and metastases. However, peanut
      agglutinin (PNA) bound to less than 5% of cells in 37 of 40 primaries but to
      greater than 50% of cells in 18 of 24 metastases. In LLC tumors, UEA I and DBA
      showed no binding; whereas Con A, RCA I, and WGA bound equally to primaries and
      metastases. SBA bound to greater than 50% of cells in 5 metastases but not to the
      5 primaries. There was less than 5% binding of PNA to 10 primary murine tumors
      after neuraminidase pretreatment of tissue sections but greater than 50% binding
      in 3 of 5 metastases. These studies indicate, in both human adenocarcinomas and
      an experimental tumor system, that most tumor cells which metastasize show
      preferential binding of PNA and SBA.

PMID- 4014434
TI  - Autoimmune vasculitis resulting from in vitro immunization of lymphocytes to
      smooth muscle.
AB  - Lymphocytes sensitized in vitro to syngenic microvascular smooth muscle and
      transferred to syngeneic recipients produced in vivo microvessel vasculitis
      characterized by mononuclear cells which adhered to endothelium, infiltrated the
      vessel wall, and formed a perivascular cuff. A granulomatous type of vascular
      inflammation was seen in 20% of the affected recipients in which the vessel
      smooth muscle appeared to be preferentially attacked. These lesions bear a
      striking resemblance to certain human vasculitides, and the model provides an
      important means of studying vasculitis as well as general cellular autoimmune
      disease mechanisms.

PMID- 4014435
TI  - Immunohistochemical detection of filaggrin in preneoplastic and neoplastic
      lesions of the human oral mucosa.
AB  - The distribution pattern of filaggrin in lesions of human oral mucosa was studied
      with the use of an anti-filaggrin serum raised in rabbits. A peroxidase
      antiperoxidase method for the detection of filaggrin was applied to specimens
      from 9 cases of leukoplakia, 5 cases of verrucous carcinomas, 2 cases of
      carcinoma in situ, and 5 cases of invasive carcinoma. Areas of normal mucosa with
      different stages of keratinization were available in the same biopsy specimens.
      The granular layer of normal orthokeratinized epithelium was positive, whereas
      the horny layer was negative. Parakeratinized and nonkeratinized epithelia
      stained less than orthokeratinized epithelium. In leukoplakia and verrucous
      carcinoma, the reaction was irregular both in the granular and the cornified
      layers. Carcinoma in situ had a virtually negative reaction, and invasive
      carcinoma exhibited a slight positive reaction in the more differentiated areas.
      The immunohistochemical demonstration of altered filaggrin patterns in oral
      lesions correlates well with the degree of epithelial dysplasia and could be a
      helpful tool in grading white lesions and neoplasms of the oral mucosa.

PMID- 4014436
TI  - The pathology of experimentally induced cecal amebiasis in gerbils (Meriones
      unguiculatus). Liver changes and amebic liver abscess formation.
AB  - The pathogenesis of experimentally induced cecal amebiasis in gerbils (Meriones
      unguiculatus) was studied from 5 to 60 days after inoculation. Ulcerative lesions
      were noted 10 to 60 days after inoculation. The sequential development of lesions
      was asynchronous and progressed from destruction of the interglandular epithelium
      and of glandular crypt elements to loss of mucosa and formation of granulomatous
      lesions in the submucosa involving the muscularis mucosae. Pathologic changes in
      the liver correlated with the formation of ulcerative cecal lesions. Subacute
      hepatic changes showed lymphocytic portal infiltrate, Kupffer cell hyperplasia,
      multinucleated giant cells, granuloma formation, and sinusoidal mononuclear and
      granulocytic infiltrates. Metastatic amebic liver abscesses occurred as early as
      10 days after inoculation, and small abscesses were found in the portal areas of
      the right liver lobe. The sequential development and pathologic manifestation of
      the infection and the usefulness of the gerbil for the study of human intestinal
      amebiasis are discussed.

PMID- 4014437
TI  - The effect of ethchlorvynol on cultured endothelial cells. A model for the study
      of the mechanism of increased vascular permeability.
AB  - Ethchlorvynol (ECV), an agent which produces reversible pulmonary edema, was
      studied for its effects on cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell
      (BPAE) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVE) monolayers. Endothelial
      cell monolayers 6 days post-confluent were treated with 1 mg/ml ECV for time
      intervals of from 5 minutes to 15 hours. ECV treatment caused a mild endothelial
      cell retraction evident at 10 minutes which increased in severity with increasing
      duration of exposure to ECV. Retraction of endothelial cells resulted in the
      formation of irregularly delineated gaps between cells, which remained attached
      to one another by slender filamentous processes. Despite the severity of the
      endothelial cell lesion, no cell lysis or cell detachment from the substratum
      occurred. Furthermore, removal of ECV from cell cultures resulted in the reversal
      of the endothelial cell lesion. Cytochemical distribution of actin microfilaments
      in control monolayers localized to a dense peripheral band of actin filaments and
      to a set of interconnected central microfilaments oriented in general parallel to
      the long axis of the cell. Endothelial cells treated with ECV for as little as 10
      minutes showed a loss of F-actin from the dense peripheral band of microfilaments
      progressing until the dense peripheral band was entirely lost after 4 hours'
      exposure to ECV. By 4 hours central microfilaments had reorganized into a
      prominent series of microfilament bundles aligned parallel to each other and to
      the long axis of the cell. For investigation of a possible loss of attachment
      sites of actin filaments as the basis for the lesion, the localization of
      vinculin was examined in control and ECV-treated BPAE monolayers. After 2 hours'
      exposure to ECV, vinculin localization within monolayers was affected little, if
      at all. No effects of ECV on intermediate filaments were observed either. It is
      proposed that the dense peripheral band of actin bundles is important in
      maintaining well-spread endothelial cells in monolayers and that ECV acts to
      destroy the integrity of this structure. It is further proposed that a reaction
      of endothelial cells to ECV in vivo analogous to that seen in tissue culture
      accounts for the production of pulmonary edema by creating gaps between cells.

PMID- 4014438
TI  - Tobacco constituents are mitogenic for arterial smooth-muscle cells.
AB  - Tobacco glycoprotein (TGP) purified from flue-cured tobacco leaves, tar-derived
      material (TAR), the water soluble, nondialyzable, delipidized extract of
      cigarette smoke condensate, rutin-bovine serum albumin conjugates, quercetin, and
      chlorogenic acid are mitogenic for bovine aortic smooth-muscle cells, but not
      adventitial fibroblasts. The mitogenicity appears to depend on polyphenol
      epitopes on carrier molecules. Ellagic acid, another plant polyphenol, inhibited
      arterial smooth-muscle proliferation. These results suggest that a number of
      ubiquitous, plant-derived substances may influence smooth-muscle cell
      proliferation in the arterial wall.

PMID- 4014439
TI  - Effects of anoxic or oxygenated reperfusion in globally ischemic, isovolumic,
      perfused rat hearts.
AB  - It has not previously been possible to study the in vitro effects of reperfusion
      on severely injured isolated perfused hearts because of the development of the no
      reflow phenomenon, concomitant with the onset of irreversible myocardial cell
      injury. A new model of ischemic injury which utilizes an intraventricular balloon
      to allow uniform reperfusion of irreversibly damaged hearts is described. The
      effects of reperfusion were studied in Langendorff perfused rat hearts after no
      flow ischemia for 60 and 150 minutes at 37 C. Uniform reflow was facilitated by
      maintaining the left ventricle at an isovolumic diastolic volume with a balloon
      during ischemia and removal of the balloon prior to reflow. Reperfusion was with
      1) anoxic media, 2) oxygenated media, 3) oxygenated media in the presence of the
      mitochondrial inhibitor Amytal, or 4) an initial anoxic reperfusion followed by
      oxygenated media. Injury was monitored by the assay of released creatine kinase
      (CK) and myoglobin (Myo), by light-microscopic estimates of the percent of cells
      containing contraction bands, and by ultrastructural changes. CK and Myo were
      released with anoxic reperfusion, but larger releases occurred with oxygenated
      reperfusion. Amytal inhibited the oxygen but not the nitrogen component of
      release. Contraction bands occurred following oxygenated, but not anoxic,
      reperfusions and were inhibited by Amytal. Following an initial anoxic
      reperfusion, oxygen caused additional CK and Myo release and produced an increase
      in the percent of cells with contraction bands, compared with that with oxygen
      alone. The response of cells to injury was heterogeneous, and the hearts
      contained cells with a spectrum of ultrastructural changes. Anoxic reperfusion
      was associated with cellular swelling and oxygenated reperfusion with contraction
      band necrosis.

PMID- 4014440
TI  - Extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen) bind
      and aggregate bacteria.
AB  - The normal microbial colonization of sites in the body's tissues by certain
      bacteria requires that the bacteria first bind to extracellular secreted
      constituents, cell-surface membranes, or cell matrixes. This study examines two
      interactions of a variety of bacteria with the cell matrix noncollagenous
      proteins fibronectin and laminin and with basement membrane (Type IV) collagen.
      Adherence of bacteria to matrix proteins coated on tissue culture wells was
      examined with the use of radiolabeled bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus,
      Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus sanguis bound well to fibronectin,
      laminin, and Type IV collagen, whereas a variety of gram-negative organisms did
      not bind. The interaction of soluble laminin, fibronectin, and Type IV collagen
      with bacteria was monitored by nephelometry with the use of a platelet
      aggregometer. S. aureus aggregated in response to fibronectin, laminin, or Type
      IV collagen. In contrast, gram-negative organisms did not aggregate with these
      proteins. It appears that fibronectin, laminin, and Type IV collagen can bind and
      aggregate certain gram-positive bacteria, and this binding is dependent on the
      surface characteristics of the organism. These adhesion molecules may play a role
      in the normal colonization of sites by microorganisms and in invasion during
      infections.

PMID- 4014441
TI  - Pathologic findings in adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined
      immunodeficiency. I. Kidney, adrenal, and chondro-osseous tissue alterations.
AB  - The authors have reviewed the autopsies of 8 patients with adenosine-deaminase
      deficient severe combined immunodeficiency disease (ADA-SCID). Several new
      findings in nonlymphoid organs, including kidney and adrenal gland, and chondro
      osseous tissue indicate the multisystem nature of this disorder. Examination of
      renal tissue in 7 of 8 cases showed mesangial sclerosis. This was confirmed in 3
      cases by electron microscopy. One case, treated with multiple erythrocyte partial
      exchange transfusions for several years, had no mesangial sclerosis. Six of 8
      cases showed adrenal-gland cortical sclerosis. Chondro-osseous tissue from
      vertebrae and costochondral junctions of 4 cases examined showed typical
      alterations previously reported in ADA-SCID such as short growth plates with few
      proliferating and some hypertrophic chondrocytes. The authors report the new
      observations of necrotic chondrocytes, as well as large amounts of cellular
      debris. These changes were not observed in the 2 other patients examined, who
      received bone marrow or multiple partial exchange transfusions. The distribution
      and severity of these lesions, their relationship to ADA replacement therapy, and
      their homology to mice treated with a potent ADA inhibitor suggests that, in
      addition to lymphoid dysfunction, disordered nucleoside metabolism due to absent
      ADA activity in ADA-SCID may be the cause of diverse multi-system pathologic
      changes in tissues which continue to differentiate or mature after birth.

PMID- 4014442
TI  - Subcutaneous fibromatosis associated with an acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      in pig-tailed macaques.
AB  - A spontaneous multifocal subcutaneous fibromatosis is described in 6 pig-tailed
      macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      (simian AIDS). The lesions consisted of a proliferation of vascular fibrous
      tissue that was infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells. One animal also had
      retroperitoneal fibromatosis, which has also been found in this colony of pig
      tailed macaques. Progressive weight loss, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, and
      neutropenia were seen. Peripheral lymph nodes were hyperplastic, and there was
      splenomegaly. Aggregates of lymphocytes were present in the bone marrow, kidneys,
      liver, and lungs. Type D retrovirus particles were found in three nodules by
      electron microscopy; intracytoplasmic type A and budding particles were
      identified in fibroblasts. In a setting of acquired immunodeficiency, these
      subcutaneous tumors in pig-tailed macaques present a striking analogy to Kaposi's
      sarcoma in human AIDS.

PMID- 4014443
TI  - Insoluble low-density lipoprotein-proteoglycan complexes enhance cholesteryl
      ester accumulation in macrophages.
AB  - The interaction of arterial proteoglycans (PGs) and low-density lipoproteins
      (LDLs) has been postulated to be an important factor in extracellular cholesterol
      accumulation in the arterial wall. In the present study, insoluble complexes of
      LDL and PG (LDL-PG) were prepared and their effects on cholesteryl ester
      accumulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages was tested. The cholesteryl ester
      content of macrophages incubated with LDL-PG for 3 days was greater than 20 times
      that observed in cells incubated with LDL alone. The uptake of 125I-LDL by
      macrophages was markedly stimulated if LDL was incorporated into a complex with
      PG. However, in contrast to either LDL or acetylated LDL (ALDL), the extent of
      subsequent degradation of LDL-PG by the cells was reduced. The uptake and
      degradation of LDL-PG complexes stimulated macrophage incorporation of 14C-oleic
      acid into cholesteryl oleate 4- to 5-fold over LDL alone; however, esterification
      was significantly less than that observed with ALDL, even though more LDL-PG was
      degraded. Ultrastructurally, macrophages incubated with LDL-PG complexes
      contained lipid droplets as well as numerous phagocytic vacuoles often containing
      material similar in appearance to insoluble complexes. These results demonstrate
      that components of the extracellular matrix, such as PG, can modify the
      catabolism of LDL by scavenger cells. This phenomenon may be potentially
      important with respect to foam-cell genesis from macrophages in the arterial
      wall.

PMID- 4014444
TI  - Uptake and subcellular localization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in the
      adrenal gland.
AB  - For determination of the kinetics of uptake and subcellular localization of
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from LPS-high density lipoprotein (LPS-HDL) complexes in
      the adrenal gland, LPS-HDL complexes were isolated by immunoaffinity
      chromatography of 125I-Salmonella minnesota Re595 LPS that had been incubated
      with 20 mM EDTA-rabbit plasma. After intravenous injection of LPS-HDL complexes
      in rabbits, preferential uptake of the LPS was observed in the adrenal, so that
      by 5 hours, adrenal-tissue-bound LPS concentrations (determined by use of 131I
      BSA blood marker) exceeded all other tissues examined, including liver and
      spleen, by at least three-fold. For determination of the subcellular localization
      of LPS, cholesterol-rich (lipid droplet) fractions and cholesterol-depleted
      fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation of homogenates of adrenal tissue
      from rabbits killed at various times after injection of LPS-HDL complexes. As
      much as 40% of the adrenal-tissue-bound LPS was recovered in the cholesterol-rich
      fraction 2.5-24 hours after injection of LPS-HDL complexes. Electron-microscopic
      autoradiographic and immunocytochemical analysis of adrenal cortex of animals
      killed 5 hours after injection of LPS-HDL complexes demonstrated specific
      localization of LPS in lipid droplets. These data thus provide direct evidence
      for the uptake of LPS into the adrenal cortex of animals with intravascular LPS
      HDL complexes and indicate that further study of the effect of LPS on
      adrenocortical function is warranted.

PMID- 4014445
TI  - Mononuclear-cell pulmonary vasculitis in NZB/W mice. I. Histopathologic
      evaluation of spontaneously occurring pulmonary infiltrates.
AB  - This report describes the spontaneous occurrence of pulmonary vasculitis in NZB/W
      mice, a well-characterized autoimmune strain of mice. These mice develop
      pulmonary vasculitis in an age-related fashion. Mild perivascular and
      peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia is first seen at 4 months of age and
      progresses into severe hyperplasia by 8 months. This precedes the development of
      angiodestructive lesions, which are first noticeable at 10 months. By 12 months
      of age all mice show multilobe disease characterized by transmural infiltration
      of the vascular walls by plasma cells, histiocytes, and mature lymphocytes.
      Mitotic figures and necrosis are rare to absent. Vessel lumens are markedly
      narrowed and obliterated in severe cases, with focal disruption of the limiting
      elastic membranes. In mice older than 10 months of age, there is extension of the
      infiltrate into the interstitium in a manner similar to that of lymphoid
      interstitial pneumonia. Arteries and veins are equally affected. The cellular
      infiltrates and pattern of involvement bears similarity to various pulmonary
      vasculitides in humans. This is the first report of spontaneous pulmonary
      vasculitis in NZB/W mice.

PMID- 4014446
TI  - Regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by a cytosolic protein.
AB  - Stimulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD) activity and
      accelerated growth occur in cultures of monkey kidney epithelial cells (BSC-1
      line) that are exposed to medium with a reduced K concentration (3.2 mM). We
      recently found that this activation of G3PD was mediated by the appearance of a
      new cytosolic protein with an apparent molecular weight of 62,000. G3PD and this
      modifier protein were isolated from BSC-1 cells, and the interaction between them
      was characterized to define the mechanism(s) of enzyme activation. The enzyme
      protein was purified from cells grown in control medium (5.4 mM K). The enzyme,
      in the presence of modifier, exhibited an increase in maximal rate of enzyme
      reaction and a decrease in the apparent Km for NAD+. Analysis using Dixon plots
      revealed that the presence of modifier increased the Ki for NADH by two- to
      threefold. Inhibition by NADH was competitive with respect to NAD+,
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and inorganic phosphate. ATP also inhibited enzyme
      activity in a competitive manner with respect to NAD+; however, the Ki for ATP
      was similar both in the presence and absence of modifier. These results suggest
      that one mechanism by which the cytosolic modifier protein stimulates G3PD
      activity is to decrease product inhibition by NADH.

PMID- 4014447
TI  - Cell volume and metabolic dependence of NEM-activated K+-Cl- flux in human red
      blood cells.
AB  - The effects of incubation in anisosmotic media and of metabolic depletion on
      ouabain-resistant (OR) Cl--dependent K+ influxes stimulated by N-ethylmaleimide
      (NEM) were studied in human red blood cells using Rb+ as K+ analogue. The NEM
      stimulated but not the basal Rb+-Cl- influx measured in phosphate-buffered
      anisosmotic media was found to be cell volume dependent. When cellular ATP,
      [ATP]c, was lowered to less than 0.10 of its initial level by exposure to
      nonmetabolizable 2-deoxy-D-glucose, the NEM-stimulated but not the basal Cl-
      dependent Rb+ influxes were abolished. Metabolically depleted red blood cells
      subsequently repleted by incubation in glucose plus inosine regained the NEM
      inducible Rb+ (K+) transport activity. The difference in the time course of ATP
      breakdown and Rb+ influx inhibition suggests that energization of the NEM
      stimulated Rb+ flux by metabolism may involve factors additional to ATP.

PMID- 4014448
TI  - Effects of metabolic acidosis on viability of cells exposed to anoxia.
AB  - The effects of metabolic acidosis were examined in isolated rat hepatocytes under
      substrate-free oxygenated or anoxic conditions. Lowering extracellular pH to 6.6
      under aerobic conditions had no deleterious effects on the cells as determined by
      trypan blue exclusion, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, cellular K+ and Ca2+
      content, and ability to increase ATP levels after nutrients and adenosine were
      added to media. Cytosolic pH was measured in aerobic cells at varying
      extracellular pH using 6-carboxyfluorescein. By using values for cytosolic pH
      obtained in this manner together with 5,5-dimethyl[2-14C]oxazolidine-2,4-dione
      (DMO) distribution data, a method was derived for determining intramitochondrial
      pH. The pH gradient across the mitochondrial membrane was found not to change
      with a decrease in extracellular pH from 7.4 to 6.9. At pH 6.9 hepatocytes were
      protected against anoxic injury as compared with cells incubated at pH 7.5 or
      6.6. This protection was manifested by a decrease in vital dye uptake and LDH
      release, maintenance of higher cellular K+ content, less stimulation of
      respiration with succinate, improved recovery of ATP levels after return to an
      oxygenated nutrient environment, and maintenance of normal cellular Ca2+ content
      after reoxygenation. Recovery of cellular ATP content was independent of ATP
      levels, total adenine nucleotide pool, and energy charge ratio at the end of the
      anoxic period. Measurement of cytoplasmic pH in anaerobic cells by [14C]DMO
      distribution showed progressive cellular acidification with lowering of
      extracellular pH. The protective effects observed at pH 6.9 are not unique to
      hepatocytes since isolated renal cortical tubules exposed to anoxia have improved
      ATP levels on reoxygenation at this pH when compared with tubules incubated at pH
      7.5.

PMID- 4014449
TI  - Spectral characterization of ciliary beating: variations of frequency with time.
AB  - Ciliary beating frequency in tissue culture from frog palate and isolated lung
      was optically examined using instrumentation that was adjusted to measure a
      fraction of the surface area of a single ciliary cell. Consecutive 1-s segments
      of the analogue signal were fast Fourier transformed (FFT) to obtain a power
      spectrum. At room temperature, these power spectra changed over time from 1 s to
      the next. Each spectrum contained several dominant frequencies of similar
      intensities. Cooling the preparation resulted in a single-peak spectrum that was
      constant over time. A mathematical model is proposed to simulate these findings.
      The results and the mathematical model support the hypothesis that ciliary
      beating frequency fluctuates over short periods of time.

PMID- 4014450
TI  - Primary culture of duck salt gland. I. Morphology of confluent cell layers.
AB  - Dissociated avian salt gland secretory cells were maintained in primary culture
      after plating on hydrated collagen gels. When seeded at 3 X 10(6) cells/cm2,
      confluent cell sheets formed within 2-3 days, whereas cultures seeded at lower
      densities formed a complex reticulum of cell aggregates, which remained
      nonconfluent even after 7 days. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the free
      surface of 3-day confluent cultures consisted of intermixed convex and flattened
      cell membranes with prominent junctional boundaries and abundant microvilli.
      Transmission electron microscopy indicated that these cultures were multilayers
      of 1-4 cells in thickness. The plasma membranes of the superficial cells were
      polarized into apical and basolateral regions displaying, respectively,
      microvilli and interdigitating lateral membrane folds. These membrane domains
      were separated by shallow occluding junctions, which consisted of both single
      strands and simple net-like arrays in freeze-fracture images. Underlying
      epithelial cells retained lateral membrane folds and formed desmosomal contacts
      with superficial and neighboring cells. These cultures, unlike the intact tissue,
      allow direct access to the apical and basolateral cell surfaces for
      electrophysiological analysis of transmural active ion transport.

PMID- 4014451
TI  - NBD-taurine fluorescence as a probe of anion exchange in gallbladder epithelium.
AB  - Previous work has demonstrated that after osmotic shrinkage of Necturus
      gallbladder epithelial cells, their volumes are restored to control levels
      despite the continued presence of the hyperosmotic medium. It has been proposed
      that activation of parallel neutral Na+-H+ and Cl--HCO-3 exchangers in the apical
      membrane is necessary for regulatory volume increase. As an independent technique
      to determine whether and for how long ion flux through the anion exchanger is
      actually enhanced by exposure to hypertonicity, fluorescence measurements of N-(2
      aminoethylsulfonate)-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-taurine), a substrate of
      the anion exchanger in red blood cells, have been made in intact Necturus
      gallbladder. The cells were loaded with the dye by incubation. The tissue was
      perfused in a miniature chamber placed on the stage of a microscope and viewed
      with high-magnification optics combined with video. Fluorescence was monitored at
      frequent intervals with a photomultiplier tube, and transmittance of the tissue
      to the laser excitation light was monitored with a photodiode. The epithelium was
      simultaneously observed with transmitted light to control for changes in focus or
      lateral movement. Exposure of the tissue to a mucosal medium made hypertonic by
      the addition of mannitol transiently enhanced the efflux of NBD-taurine from the
      cells in approximately 70% of the tissues examined. In the presence of the anion
      exchange inhibitor 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
      (SITS, 100 microM), hypertonicity enhanced NBD-taurine efflux in only 14% of the
      preparations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014452
TI  - Absence of significant sodium-hydrogen exchange by rabbit erythrocyte sodium
      lithium countertransporter.
AB  - Red blood cells of several mammalian species (e.g., human, rabbit, bovine)
      possess a countertransport system for Li and Na. We have used rabbit red blood
      cells to determine the extent of sodium-proton exchange by this
      countertransporter. Ouabain-insensitive 22Na efflux into phosphate-buffered K
      acetate media of varying Na concentrations was determined at extracellular pH 7.5
      and 6.9. To maintain the intracellular pH at approximately 7.2, most of the
      acetate in the pH 6.9 medium was replaced by gluconate, a nonpenetrating anion.
      Extracellular Na strongly (greater than 10-fold) stimulated the 22Na efflux in
      both high- and low-pH media, but the K1/2 for this stimulation was higher at pH
      6.9. This is consistent with a competitive binding of H to the outward-facing
      transport site. However, the lower pH itself, in a Na-free medium, stimulated the
      22Na efflux only very slightly. The 22Na efflux stimulated by lowering the
      extracellular pH to 6.9 was less than 1% of the stimulation produced by 100 mM
      extracellular Na. It is concluded that, although H appears to bind to the
      substrate site of the Na-Li exchanger, there is no significant H transport in the
      physiological pH range.

PMID- 4014453
TI  - In vivo membrane potentials of smooth muscle cells in the caudal artery of the
      rat.
AB  - Membrane potentials measured in vivo may differ significantly from those measured
      in vitro in part due to humoral factors, innervation, and wall tension. These
      studies were initiated to determine whether it is feasible to record membrane
      potentials from vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo in the caudal artery of the
      pentobarbital-anesthetized male Wistar rat. Membrane potentials were measured
      using glass microelectrodes and correlated with systolic, diastolic, and mean
      blood pressures. For systolic blood pressures between 100 and 140 mmHg the
      average resting membrane potential was -38.4 +/- 0.48 mV. There was good
      correlation of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures with membrane
      potential between 100 and 140 mmHg (r = 0.89, 0.75, and 0.89, respectively).
      Below 80 mmHg the arterial muscle cells became more depolarized than would be
      expected if the membrane potential were determined solely by transmural pressure.
      The depolarized membrane potential at low arterial pressures may be due to
      enhanced neural input. Spontaneous electrical activity was observed in some of
      the in vivo cells. When action potentials were present, they were generated at
      rates between 1-2/s and 6-7/min. These studies indicate that it is feasible to
      measure membrane potentials from arterial smooth muscle cells in vivo in the
      caudal artery of the rat.

PMID- 4014454
TI  - Myosin phosphorylation and contraction of feline esophageal smooth muscle.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation of the 20,000-Da light chain of
      myosin (LC 20) is related to mechanical activation of esophageal smooth muscle.
      Circular muscle layer strips of cat esophagus were taken from the lower
      esophageal sphincter (LES) and the distal esophageal body (EB). The LES strips
      developed tone spontaneously, and the EB strips were tonically contracted with
      carbachol. Both tissues relaxed in response to electrical-field stimulation.
      Phosphorylation of the LC 20 was determined in tissues quick-frozen during
      relaxation and during stress redevelopment after cessation of field stimulation.
      Stress and phosphorylation levels were low after 30 s of field stimulation, and a
      rapid contraction followed field stimulation. Phosphorylation in the LES
      increased from 0.043 +/- 0.029 to 0.328 +/- 0.043 mol Pi/mol LC 20 within 10 s
      after stimulation of the inhibitory nerves was terminated, while stress was still
      rising rapidly. Phosphorylation in the LES then declined to a steady-state value
      of 0.162 +/- 0.034 mol Pi/mol LC 20 after 10 min. Isotonic shortening velocities
      at a constant afterload following a quick release showed changes with time that
      were proportional to the level of phosphorylation. This was also true for values
      of maximal shortening velocity estimated for zero external load and for the rate
      of stress redevelopment after a step shortening. Comparable measurements were
      made in the carbachol-contracted EB. These results indicate that visceral smooth
      muscles, which normally function tonically (LES) or phasically (EB), exhibit an
      initial rapid mechanical activation associated with myosin
      phosphorylation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014455
TI  - Human adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase: changes with feeding and relation to
      postheparin plasma enzyme.
AB  - An assay procedure using three different methods to recover lipoprotein lipase
      (LPL) activity from biopsy specimens of human adipose tissue has been developed.
      Elution of enzyme from small pieces of tissue was performed at 4 and 37 degrees C
      using a physiological buffer containing heparin and serum. Extraction of enzyme
      from a tissue homogenate was carried out in the presence of detergent (sodium
      deoxycholate and Nonidet P-40), which markedly improved the recovery of enzyme
      activity. It is suggested that elution at 4 degrees C represents extracellular
      enzyme activity only and therefore theoretically is the closest measure of
      physiologically active LPL on vascular endothelium, whereas elution at 37 degrees
      C, in addition, reflects some intracellular enzyme secreted during the incubation
      period. In female subjects of various relative body weights activity eluted at 37
      degrees C as well as detergent-extracted activity were highly correlated with the
      extracellular activity eluted at 4 degrees C (r = 0.9). Furthermore, all three
      parameters correlated strongly with LPL activity in post-heparin plasma,
      suggesting that they are valid indices of physiologically active LPL. The
      regression of LPL activity in plasma after a 60-min heparin infusion on adipose
      tissue LPL yielded higher correlation coefficients for activities recorded after
      elution at 4 and 37 degrees C (r = 0.725 and 0.754, respectively) than for
      detergent extraction (r = 0.607). Moreover, the increment of adipose tissue LPL
      after feeding was approximately twice as high for the activity eluted at 4 and 37
      degrees C (34%) as for detergent-extracted activity (19%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014456
TI  - Decreases in ovine fetal cartilage sulfate uptake and serum sulfate during
      gestation.
AB  - In vitro assays for [35S]sulfate uptake by ovine fetal costal cartilage were used
      to assess gestational changes in cartilage metabolism. Addition of 20% normal
      human serum to the incubation medium increased fetal cartilage [35S]sulfate
      incorporation into glycosaminoglycans. Both basal and human serum-stimulated
      uptakes of [35S]sulfate by fetal sheep cartilage decreased from midgestation to
      full term. The incremental response in [35S]sulfate uptake that was stimulated by
      human serum decreased as gestation proceeded to full-term. Fetal serum sulfate
      concentration decreased logarithmically during gestation, raising the possibility
      that cartilage sulfate uptake might become substrate limited as full term is
      approached. Perfusion of seven late gestation sheep fetuses for 7 days with
      Na2SO4 to achieve serum sulfate concentrations similar to those observed earlier
      in gestation resulted in a 33% increase in mean cartilage [35S]sulfate uptake
      compared with that of control twin fetuses, but uptake was not increased to
      values that occurred spontaneously earlier in gestation. These results suggest
      that the decreasing rate of [35S]sulfate uptake by fetal cartilage during the
      last half of gestation is associated only minimally with decreasing serum sulfate
      levels and is most consistent with intrinsic change in resting chondrocyte
      metabolism during gestation.

PMID- 4014457
TI  - Effects of [15N]leucine infused at low rates on leucine metabolism in humans.
AB  - The present studies were carried out to determine whether infusions of
      [15N]leucine at low rates affect estimates of leucine oxidation and of
      proteolysis and protein synthesis in humans. Three groups of normal subjects were
      infused for 3 h with either [15N]leucine at a rate of 0.16 or 0.26 mumol X kg-1 X
      min-1 or saline using [2H3]leucine and alpha-[14C]ketoisocaproate as isotopic
      tracers of leucine metabolism. Data were analyzed at steady state using both
      single- and dual-isotope models. Preliminary studies were carried out to
      characterize the dual-isotope model in humans using infusions of [3H]leucine and
      alpha-[14C]ketoisocaproate. In the postabsorptive state estimates of leucine
      appearance, disappearance, and oxidation derived from the two isotope models were
      in good agreement. Infusion of stable isotope up to approximately 10% of the
      leucine carbon flux do not have a significant effect on leucine metabolism, but
      the data derived from such studies must be properly controlled and interpreted
      with care because these tracers are not massless.

PMID- 4014458
TI  - Metabolic adaptation to reduced muscle blood flow. II. Mechanisms and beneficial
      effects.
AB  - Increased mitochondrial enzyme activities are induced in rat muscles after common
      iliac artery ligation, giving a 76-93% blood flow reduction, and 6 days of
      intermittent muscle stimulation. To elucidate the trigger for this enzyme
      induction, the acute alterations in the metabolite pattern during contractions
      were evaluated. More pronounced changes in intramuscular PO2, creatine phosphate,
      ATP/ADP, lactate/pyruvate, and glycogen were observed in the ligated leg. The
      benefit of this enzyme alteration was investigated with the hindlimb perfusion
      technique. Enzymatically adapted and control legs were perfused at reduced flow
      during contractions. Similar oxygen consumption and glucose uptake but a
      significantly lower lactate release were observed in the adapted legs. A lower
      lactate level, lactate/pyruvate, and a better maintained creatine
      phosphate/creatine were found in the adapted soleus muscle. The results
      demonstrate that the increase of mitochondrial enzymes is preceded by acute
      alterations in energy metabolites due to intermittent hypoxia during contractions
      at reduced flow and that this enzyme adaptation allows the muscle tissue to
      maintain a lower anaerobic metabolism and a better energy state during exercise.

PMID- 4014459
TI  - Energy dependence of lung phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis studied with CO
      hypoxia.
AB  - The energy dependence of lung phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis was evaluated
      by measuring incorporation of radiolabeled precursor substrates by the isolated
      perfused lung during carbon monoxide (CO)-induced hypoxia. Ventilation with gases
      containing 75 or 90% CO (plus 5% O2 and 5% CO2) resulted in a mean decrease of
      lung ATP content by 29 and 53%, respectively, and a significant decrease of [U
      14C]glucose incorporation into free fatty acids and the fatty acyl moiety of lung
      PC. [9,10-3H]palmitate incorporation into lung PC was also decreased by hypoxia
      but [methyl-14C] choline incorporation was unaffected. For disaturated PC,
      incorporation of all three substrates was significantly depressed during CO
      ventilation. These results indicate that lung synthesis of PC is inhibited by
      alterations of lung energy state. The reactions in lung PC metabolism that are
      inhibited by this degree of energy limitation are the de novo synthesis of fatty
      acids from glucose, the acylation of exogenous palmitate, and the remodeling of
      PC into disaturated PC by the deacylation-reacylation pathway.

PMID- 4014460
TI  - Saturable and nonsaturable copper and calcium transport in mouse duodenum.
AB  - Duodenal copper and calcium absorption was evaluated in 30-day-old normal male
      Swiss mice by an in situ loop procedure. For both ions, the 90-min absorption
      values yielded a curve that was resolvable into a hyperbolic (saturable) and a
      linear (nonsaturable) function. The two ions differed, however, in total
      absorption and the relative importance of the two functions. For copper, the
      maximum saturable component of transepithelial movement (Jmax) was 127 +/- 2.4
      (SE) pmol in 90 min, the apparent half-saturation constant of the saturable
      process (Kt) was 4.3 +/- 0.7 microM, and the slope of the nonsaturable function
      was 0.011 +/- 0.006. Thus, when luminal copper equaled plasma copper
      (approximately equal to 15 microM), only 8% was absorbed, nearly all of which was
      by the saturable component. For calcium, on the other hand, Jmax was 4.8 +/- 0.1
      mumol, the Kt was 27 +/- 2 mM, and the slope was 0.10 +/- 0.01. At luminal
      calcium concentrations equal to the inorganic plasma calcium (1 mM), calcium
      absorption was 75%, but only 80% of that was moved by the saturable process. The
      findings suggest the existence of separate transport mechanisms for copper and
      calcium.

PMID- 4014461
TI  - Kinetic and energetic aspects of the inhibition of taurocholate uptake by Na+
      dependent amino acids: studies in rat liver plasma membrane vesicles.
AB  - The kinetic and energetic aspects of the inhibition of taurocholate uptake by the
      Na+-dependent amino acid L-alanine were studied in rat basolateral liver plasma
      membrane vesicles. In the presence of an inwardly directed Na+ gradient, alanine
      (5 mM) reduced the initial velocity of taurocholate uptake to 60% of control and
      virtually abolished the overshoot. In the presence of a K+ gradient, the slow
      rate of Na+-independent taurocholate uptake was similar in the presence or
      absence of the amino acid. Inhibition of Na+-dependent taurocholate uptake
      increased nonlinearly with alanine concentration (half-maximal inhibition at
      approximately 1 mM) and plateaued at 5-10 mM. Kinetic studies showed that alanine
      significantly reduced the Vmax for taurocholate uptake from 6.32 +/- 0.22 to 3.68
      +/- 0.21 nmol X mg prot-1 X min-1 but did not significantly affect taurocholate
      Km (38.4 +/- 3.6 vs. 29.0 +/- 4.9 microM). In contrast, the Na+-independent amino
      acid 2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid did not affect either the
      initial velocity or peak uptake of taurocholate. The effects of alanine on the
      driving forces for bile acid uptake were directly assessed by measuring vesicle
      uptake of 22Na. At early time points, 22Na uptake was faster in the presence of
      alanine than under control conditions. These findings provide further evidence
      that Na+-dependent amino acids noncompetitively inhibit Na+-dependent bile acid
      uptake in association with accelerated dissipation of the transmembrane Na+
      gradient and extend previous observations of this phenomenon made in isolated rat
      hepatocytes [Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 8): G399-G403,
      1983].

PMID- 4014462
TI  - Nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds in canine gastric mucosa: effects of PGE2 and
      ethanol.
AB  - By use of an in vivo canine chambered stomach preparation in which the gastric
      mucosa was partitioned into two equal halves, the effect of topical 16,16
      dimethyl PGE2 (DMPGE2) (1 microgram/ml of perfusate) and 8% and 40% ethanol on
      tissue levels of nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds was assessed. Both DMPGE2 and 8%
      ethanol significantly increased (P less than 0.005) mucosal levels of nonprotein
      sulfhydryls when compared with corresponding mucosa bathed with saline alone. In
      contrast, mucosa bathed with 40% ethanol showed significantly decreased levels.
      If mucosa was bathed with DMPGE2 or 8% ethanol prior to exposing the stomach to
      40% ethanol, this depletion in sulfhydryl compounds was not observed. Since other
      experimental observations have shown that exogenously administered prostaglandins
      and mild irritants (such as low-dose alcohol) can prevent gastric mucosal damage
      by necrotizing agents (such as high-dose alcohol), our findings are consistent
      with the hypothesis that nonprotein sulfhydryls may play a role in mediating
      gastric mucosal protection.

PMID- 4014463
TI  - Rapid and repeated blood sampling in the conscious laboratory rat: a new
      technique.
AB  - A method for obtaining repeated blood samples from conscious rats by translumbar
      vena cava puncture is presented. Studies performed at laparotomy enabled us to
      select a 5/8-in., 25-gauge needle as the ideal instrument for aspirating blood.
      The awake rat is held prone by an assistant and the needle inserted at the level
      of the first lumbar vertebra in the coronal plane at an angle of 45 degrees from
      the vertical. We performed the procedure 350 times in 30 rats (100-300 g) at
      weekly intervals for 8 wk. Each time, we have obtained 2 ml of blood. The time
      required for obtaining 30 samples is 15-20 min. There have been no complications
      and only three deaths (mortality rate, 0.9% per puncture); in all three instances
      the rats jerked free, lacerating the vena cava. The procedure has been performed
      in guinea pigs and hamsters, with equal ease, without morbidity or mortality.
      This new technique permits rapid, atraumatic, repeated samplings from awake
      animals with no morbidity and minimal mortality.

PMID- 4014464
TI  - Role of lymph flow in intestinal chylomicron transport.
AB  - In this study we investigated the influence of lymph flow on chylomicron
      transport. We examined the effects of varying the hydration of the interstitial
      matrix on chylomicron appearance time and on lymphatic lipid transport rate when
      a lipid test meal containing oleic acid and 1-monoolein was infused
      intraduodenally at a constant rate. The three groups of rats tested were control
      rats (normal interstitial hydration), rats receiving intravenous saline infusion
      (expanded interstitial matrix), and rats with an attenuated water absorption rate
      (dehydrated interstitial matrix). This study shows that lymph flow has a profound
      effect on intestinal chylomicron transport. As lymph flow increased, the
      chylomicron appearance time (time between the placement of radioactive fatty acid
      into the intestinal lumen to the appearance of radioactive lipid in the central
      lacteal) was reduced. When lymph flow exceeded 40 microliter/min, the chylomicron
      appearance time reached a minimum value of 13.6 min. This minimum chylomicron
      appearance time probably represents the time required for assembly of absorbed
      lipid, formation of chylomicrons, and their subsequent discharge into the
      lymphatics. The chylomicron appearance time lengthened as lymph flow fell. The
      results of this study underscore the necessity of using steady-state lymphatic
      lipid output data to assess factors affecting the cellular packaging and release
      of chylomicrons in the small intestine.

PMID- 4014465
TI  - Duodenal acidification releases cholecystokinin.
AB  - We studied the effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the proximal small intestine
      on release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin and on exocrine pancreatic
      secretion in conscious dogs with gastric cannulas and modified Herrera pancreatic
      cannulas. Intraduodenal administration of HCl in a concentration of 50 or 100 mM
      at rates of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mmol/min significantly increased plasma
      concentration of CCK in a dose-dependent manner, whereas plasma gastrin levels
      decreased. The increased plasma CCK level paralleled a significant increase in
      pancreatic trypsin output. Plasma secretin concentration and pancreatic
      bicarbonate output also increased in response to the acid, and the increase was
      dependent on the acid loads delivered in the duodenum. Thus, in dogs, HCl in the
      duodenum releases both CCK and secretin to stimulate pancreatic secretion of
      bicarbonate as well as enzymes.

PMID- 4014466
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in isolated intestinal epithelial cells in rats.
AB  - There is evidence that glucocorticoid hormones influence a variety of epithelial
      cell functions in the small intestine. To exert their effect, glucocorticoids
      bind to cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors (GR), which, following translocation
      to the nucleus, stimulate mRNA transcription and then protein synthesis and
      ultimately trigger hormonal actions. To determine the distribution of GR in small
      intestinal villus and crypt cells, we measured GR activity in enriched villus and
      crypt cell fractions by use of [3H]dexamethasone. In normal rats GR activity was
      present in all cell fractions but was lowest in fully mature villus cells of the
      upper villus and greatest in immature crypt cells. In contrast, 1 wk after
      adrenalectomy and ovariectomy or sham operation, both of which reduced plasma
      corticosterone levels, GR activities were comparable in enriched villus cell and
      enriched crypt cell fractions. Kinetic studies indicated a single class of
      binding sites with comparable Kd values in villus and crypt cells of normal and
      steroid-depleted animals, suggesting that there are more glucocorticoid-binding
      sites in crypt than in villus cells of normal animals. Immature crypt cells may
      be more susceptible to glucocorticoid modulation than fully mature villus cells
      in normal rats in view of their higher GR activity.

PMID- 4014467
TI  - Localization of sites within dorsal motor nucleus of vagus that affect gastric
      motility.
AB  - The purpose of our study was to determine the localization of sites within the
      dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) of the cat that when stimulated would
      increase gastric motility. To do this, two types of experiments were performed.
      First, the retrograde tracer fast blue was injected into the antrum and pylorus,
      and labeled neurons in the DMV were identified. Second, electrical stimulation
      was performed in areas of the DMV labeled with fast blue as well as in nearby
      areas with no labeling while monitoring gastric motility, arterial pressure, and
      heart rate. Results from the first type of studies revealed that peak labeling in
      the DMV occurred between 0.56 and 1.56 mm rostral to obex. Electrical stimulation
      in this area using 100 microA, 0.2 ms duration pulses, and 50 Hz resulted in
      increases in antral and pyloric contractions in 20 animals. The magnitude of
      pyloric and antral responses elicited by stimulation of the DMV generally
      correlated to the number of cell bodies labeled with fast blue within the DMV. No
      changes in arterial pressure occurred, and only a slight (-4%) decrease in heart
      rate was observed. Maximal increases in motility occurred with 20 Hz (antrum) or
      100 Hz (pylorus). These increases in motility were maintained even at 200- and
      400-Hz stimulation. Ipsilateral vagotomy or pretreatment with propantheline
      bromide prevented the increases in gastric motility produced by electrical
      stimulation of the DMV. Electrical stimulation of more rostral sites in the DMV,
      the medial nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and an area within 1.0 mm medial
      to the DMV resulted in attenuated or no motility responses. Stimulation of the
      medial nucleus of the NTS did result in pronounced slowing in heart rate (-61 +/-
      21 beats/min). These results suggest that there is a localization of a "stomach
      area" within the DMV and that electrical stimulation of this area results in
      gastric motility responses that are mediated by vagal fibers projecting directly
      to the stomach. In addition, electrical stimulation of the DMV results in
      selective effects on the gastrointestinal tract in that no pronounced changes in
      heart rate and arterial pressure occur.

PMID- 4014468
TI  - Gastrointestinal myoelectric activity in conscious guinea pigs.
AB  - Myoelectric activity was recorded from the gastric antrum and small intestine of
      conscious, unrestrained guinea pigs using bipolar Ag-Ag chloride electrodes that
      had been previously implanted under pentobarbital sodium/Innovar anesthesia. In
      fasted guinea pigs, the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was recorded from the
      small intestine and was observed to propagate aborally at a speed that declined
      with distance from the pylorus (range of speeds of the front of phase 3: 17.5
      cm/min in the duodenum to 4.1 cm/min in the ileum). The complex was not disrupted
      by feeding but occurred less frequently in the freely fed state (82-min cycle
      period in the fasted state versus 139 min in the fed state). The complex started
      in the duodenum and was accompanied by a brief (6.3 +/- 0.9 min) period of
      inhibition of antral myoelectric activity. Slow waves were also recorded from the
      gastric antrum (10.3 +/- 1.3/min) and the small intestine. The frequency of
      intestinal slow waves was uniform along the length of the bowel (26.2 +/- 1.3/min
      in the duodenum to 24.7 +/- 1.3/min in the ileum). It is concluded that the
      guinea pig is similar to other mammalian species, so far examined, in its pattern
      of gastrointestinal myoelectric activity.

PMID- 4014469
TI  - Evidence for transcellular osmotic water flow in rat proximal tubules.
AB  - To determine the predominant pathway for transepithelial osmotic water flow, the
      transepithelial osmotic water permeability [Pf(TE)] and the apparent dimensions
      of paracellular pores and slits were determined in rat proximal convoluted
      tubules microperfused in vivo. To measure Pf(TE), tubules were perfused with a
      hyposmotic, cyanide-containing solution. Pf(TE), calculated from the observed
      volume flux in response to the measured log mean osmotic gradient, was 0.12-0.15
      cm/s, assuming sigmaNaCl equal to 1.0-0.7, respectively. The dimensions of the
      paracellular pathways were determined using measured sucrose and mannitol
      permeabilities (nonelectrolytes confined to the extracellular space). These were
      0.43 and 0.87 X 10(-5) cm/s, respectively. By using the ratio of these
      permeabilities, their respective free solution diffusion coefficients and
      molecular radii, and the Renkin equation, the radius of the nonelectrolyte
      permeable pores and the total pore area/cm2 surface area/channel length were
      calculated to be 1.4 nm and 3.56 cm-1, respectively. Similar calculations for
      slits yielded a slit half-width of 0.8 nm and a total slit area/cm2 surface
      area/channel length of 3.16 cm-1. The osmotic water permeability of these
      nonelectrolyte-permeable pathways was calculated by Poiseuille's law to be 0.0018
      cm/s (pores) or 0.0014 cm/s (slits), at most 2% of Pf(TE). We conclude that the
      nonelectrolyte-permeable pathway in the tight junctions is not the major route of
      transepithelial osmotic water flow in the rat proximal tubule.

PMID- 4014470
TI  - Dynamics of glomerular filtration in the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis L.
AB  - Hydrostatic pressures decreased in the dorsal aorta (from 21.6 +/- 2.0 to 18.7 +/
      0.2 mmHg), proximal (from 19.5 +/- 1.6 to 16.2 +/- 1.7 mmHg) and distal (from
      16.7 +/- 0.7 to 13.2 +/- 0.9 mmHg) renal arteries, and glomerular capillaries
      (from 16.1 +/- 1.1 to 12.3 +/- 0.6 mmHg) of anesthetized lampreys transferred
      from freshwater to isosmotic 20-30% seawater. Maximal vascular resistance
      appeared to be in the efferent arteriole; there was a 67% decrease in pressure
      between glomerular and peritubular capillaries. Plasma oncotic pressure was
      unchanged. The calculated afferent effective filtration pressure decreased by 87%
      after transfer and showed a good correlation with single nephron filtration rate.
      Effective renal plasma flow was high but variable in freshwater lampreys and
      decreased by 84% after transfer, but glomerular filtration rate did not decrease
      proportionately and there was a nonsignificant increase in mean filtration
      fraction from 0.045 +/- 0.022 to 0.080 +/- 0.021. Calculation of glomerular
      efferent oncotic pressure indicated that filtration equilibrium did not exist in
      freshwater lampreys but was attained after transfer. The mean coefficient of
      filtration of freshwater lampreys was 0.028 +/- 0.002 nl X s-1 X mmHg-1.

PMID- 4014471
TI  - Responses of the normal rat kidney to sequential ischemic events.
AB  - This study was undertaken to help define how one episode of renal ischemia,
      insufficient to cause acute renal failure, influences the susceptibility of the
      kidney to a second more severe ischemic event. Female Sprague-Dawley rats
      underwent either 15 min of bilateral renal artery occlusion (RAO) or sham RAO.
      They were subjected 30 min, 3.5 h, or 24 h later to 25 min of RAO. Renal function
      (GFR, BUN, creatinine), histology, and adenine nucleotide concentrations were
      compared before and after the 25-min ischemic event. Only the rats with a 30-min
      hiatus between the 15- and 25-min bouts of RAO had significantly worse renal
      failure than controls subjected to a single 25-min ischemic event. Three findings
      were noted only in the rats with increased susceptibility: tubular cell swelling
      and luminal membrane injury prior to 25 min of RAO and a relative failure of ATP
      formation immediately following 25 min of RAO. Susceptibility to 25 min of RAO
      did not correlate with preischemia ATP content. CONCLUSION: prior mild ischemic
      injury transiently lowers renal resistance to a second ischemic event. Normal
      resistance is rapidly restored once improvements in prior cell membrane injury,
      cell volume regulation, and cellular energetics occur. However, resistance to
      additional ischemia can be normal despite persisting depressions in renal ATP
      content.

PMID- 4014472
TI  - Tubuloglomerular feedback activity in virgin and 12-day-pregnant rats.
AB  - Tubuloglomerular feedback activity was evaluated by micropuncture and
      microperfusion techniques in virgin and 12-day-pregnant Munich-Wistar rats.
      Plasma volume increases in pregnancy, which could suppress feedback activity,
      thus contributing to the rise in glomerular filtration rate observed in normal
      midterm pregnancy. Late proximal tubules were microperfused at 0, 10, 20, and 40
      nl/min and the resulting filtration rate in the same nephron was evaluated.
      Nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) in proximal and distal tubules of other nephrons
      was also measured to assess the degree of activation of the tubuloglomerular
      feedback system and the relation of the spontaneous (normal) late proximal flow
      rate and SNGFR (distal tubule collections). SNGFR decreased significantly (from
      the 0 nl/min perfusion value) when late proximal tubules were perfused at 20 and
      40 nl/min in both virgin and 12-day-pregnant rats. Tubuloglomerular feedback
      activity was not suppressed in pregnancy, but the relationship between SNGFR and
      late proximal tubule perfusion rate was reset for a higher value for SNGFR. The
      difference between proximal and distal SNGFR suggests that the feedback system
      was more activated in the virgin than in the pregnant rat. Thus, in spite of the
      known increases in plasma volume that occur in pregnancy, the kidney does not
      sense this volume expansion as a stimulus to suppress feedback activity.

PMID- 4014473
TI  - Effect of barium on cell volume regulation in rabbit proximal straight tubules.
AB  - Rabbit proximal straight tubules swell abruptly when exposed to hypotonic medium
      but then shrink in a few minutes as they approach their base-line volume
      following loss of solute and water. Potassium, the major intracellular cation, as
      well as sodium, is lost during this process. In the present experiments, we
      studied hypotonic cell volume regulation in the presence of barium, an agent
      reported to decrease potassium permeability. Exposure to BaCl2 significantly
      prolonged hypotonic volume recovery in a dose-dependent manner. Tubules depleted
      of potassium and loaded with sodium chloride by exposure to 10(-4) M ouabain for
      1 h swelled osmometrically and subsequently volume regulated in dilute medium.
      Volume regulation in such tubules is a consequence of transbasement membrane
      hydrostatic forces. By contrast, tubules similarly loaded with sodium, but also
      exposed to 10(-3) M BaCl2, volume regulated only minimally in dilute medium,
      suggesting BaCl2 might also affect sodium movement. However, hypotonic volume
      regulation was restored in sodium-loaded BaCl2-treated tubules when cells were
      more effectively depleted of potassium by incubation in 0-mM potassium medium. We
      conclude that barium retards hypotonic volume regulation primarily because of its
      effect on potassium movement.

PMID- 4014474
TI  - Lack of potassium effect on Na-Cl cotransport in the medullary thick ascending
      limb.
AB  - The effect of potassium on sodium chloride uptake into rabbit renal medullary
      thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (mTALH) cells was studied to assess whether
      K participates in the Na-Cl cotransport system. Na uptake into the mTALH cells
      was inhibited 70% at 3 min by 1 mM furosemide. The total and furosemide-sensitive
      Na uptake was stimulated by Cl. Additionally, Cl uptake into the mTALH cells was
      stimulated by Na gradients and inhibited 42% at 3 min by 1 mM furosemide. Na
      uptake was studied in the presence of 0,5, or 140 mM external K gradients. Na
      uptake was similar in the absence and presence of K. Additionally, furosemide
      inhibited Na uptake as effectively in the absence or presence of K. Similar
      studies were conducted to study the effects of Na on 86Rb uptake. Na did not
      stimulate 86Rb uptake. The uptake of 86Rb was similar in the presence of 0,5, or
      140 mM Na gradients. Furosemide had no significant inhibitory effect on 86Rb
      uptake. Barium (5 mM), an inhibitor of K conductance pathways, inhibited total
      86Rb uptake by 19%. In the presence of 5 mM BaCl2, Na still did not have a
      stimulatory effect on 86Rb uptake. The results confirm the existence of a Na-Cl
      cotransport system in mTALH cells, but a direct effect of K on the NaCl
      cotransport system could not be demonstrated under the experimental conditions we
      used.

PMID- 4014475
TI  - Renal hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate reabsorption and utilization in the rat.
AB  - Is the renal conservation of ketones effected through saturable transport
      systems? Does the renal reabsorption of ketoacids limit their utilization? The
      reabsorptive transport (T) and metabolic utilization (Q) of D-3-hydroxybutyrate
      (HB) and acetoacetate (AA) in the kidney were measured in anesthetized rats by
      use of clearance and arteriovenous extraction determinations. THB and TAA
      increased in proportion with increasing HB and AA filtered loads. Fractional THB
      decreases from 0.97 to 0.72 upon increases in the plasma HB. Fractional TAA also
      decreases from 0.89 to 0.73, at a constant filtered AA load, when the filtered HB
      load increased. Thus both saturable and nonsaturable components effect the
      reabsorption of HB and AA. Renal QHB increased from 0.4 to 4 mumol X g-1 X min-1
      on increase in the plasma HB. THB always exceeded the simultaneously measured
      QHB. However, QHB was significantly correlated with THB, suggesting that QHB may
      be limited by delivery of HB to the renal cells through reabsorptive pathways.
      There was no net renal conversion of HB and AA. Both HB and AA were utilized by
      the kidney. Thus, utilized ketoacids must have entered pathways for complete
      oxidation or for synthesis (lipid?) in the kidney.

PMID- 4014476
TI  - Dietary protein intake conditions the degree of renal vasoconstriction in acute
      renal failure caused by ureteral obstruction.
AB  - Whole kidney inulin (CIn) and PAH (CPAH) clearances were measured after
      unilateral release of bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) of 24-h duration in
      rats fed for 4 wk isocaloric diets containing either 40% casein (high protein
      diet) or 6% casein (low protein diet). Values for CIn and CPAH were markedly
      depressed in both groups but to a greater extent in high protein-fed rats,
      averaging less than 60% of values measured in low protein-fed animals. Captopril,
      an inhibitor of the angiotensin I converting enzyme, increased CIn and CPAH
      markedly but comparably in high or low protein fed rats. Micropuncture studies
      performed after unilateral release of BUO in another group of rats fed a high or
      a low protein diet revealed lower levels of glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) and
      single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) in rats fed a high protein
      diet. Values for renal arteriolar resistances were nearly twofold in high as
      compared with low protein-fed animals. Infusion of OKY-1581, an inhibitor of
      thromboxane A2 synthetase, increased both QA and SNGFR, decreased arteriolar
      resistances, and increased glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient in
      high but not in low protein-fed rats. Urinary thromboxane B2 excretion per
      milliliter of GFR was greater in rats fed a high protein diet than in those fed a
      low protein diet after release of BUO but not in normal rats. In normal rats
      infusion of OKY-1581 did not increase CIn or CPAH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4014477
TI  - Cyanate and temperature regulation in anephric rabbits.
AB  - Knochel and Seldin proposed that the lowered body temperature observed during
      uremia was caused by an elevation in the circulating levels of cyanate. To test
      this hypothesis, normal rabbits were infused with varying concentrations of
      sodium cyanate. Infusion of pharmacological doses of cyanate (plasma
      concentration rose to 1,080 +/- 70 microM, n = 5) resulted in reductions in body
      temperature similar to that found during uremia; however, when normal rabbits
      were nephrectomized the plasma cyanate concentration only rose from 3.7 +/- 1.6
      to 18 +/- 1.8 microM (n = 8) by 1-day postnephrectomy (body temperature fell 0.33
      +/- 0.1 degrees C, n = 6). Plasma cyanate concentration did not rise further on
      days 2 and 3 postnephrectomy, despite a continued fall in body temperature.
      Infusion of cyanate in control rabbits to plasma concentrations attained 1-3 days
      postnephrectomy did not result in a fall in body temperature. Based on the
      failure of pathophysiological concentrations of cyanate to cause a reduction in
      the body temperature of normal rabbits, we conclude that cyanate is not
      responsible for the lowered body temperature associated with the acute response
      to uremia.

PMID- 4014478
TI  - Slow inward current may produce many results attributed to IX1 in cardiac
      Purkinje fibers.
AB  - We have tried to answer two fundamental questions concerning the outward current
      IX1 of cardiac Purkinje fibers. 1) Is it possible that current changes identified
      as arising from IX1 in voltage-clamp experiments are actually manifestations of
      changes in the slow inward current (Isi); and 2) is IX1 in fact required to
      produce the electrical phenomena attributed to it? Isi behavior and the role of
      IX1 were explored using computer simulation. The Isi model produced current
      changes during depolarizations and hyperpolarizations from depolarized resting
      potentials like those attributed to IX1. It also produced a component of "tail
      currents" that behaved like IX1. If these current changes were analyzed, assuming
      that an outward current is responsible, the resulting kinetics and current
      voltage relation would be very similar to the kinetics and current voltage
      relation reported for IX1. Using the McAllister, Noble, and Tsien formulation of
      the Purkinje fiber action potential, we found that IX1 is not essential for
      repolarization of the reconstructed action potential nor is it needed to
      reproduce interval duration effects and the effects of applied current in that
      model. Data suggesting that calcium channel blockers reduce IX1 and that
      catecholamines increase IX1 may be explained as arising from changes in Isi. Thus
      many manifestations of IX1 can be explained as arising from unanticipated
      behavior of Isi, and IX1 does not necessarily play a key role in generating
      Purkinje fiber electrical activity.

PMID- 4014479
TI  - Differential responses accompanying sequential stimulation and ablation of vagal
      branches to dog heart.
AB  - Electrical excitation of small thoracic vagal branches elicited highly localized
      responses in the canine heart. Specific pathways to the sinoatrial nodal (SAN)
      regions were identified from negative chronotropic responses to stimulation (20
      Hz, 5.0 ms, 3.0-5.0 V) of these branches. Pathways to the atrioventricular nodal
      (AVN) region were determined from changes in A-H interval (His bundle
      electrogram) and incidence of heart block as vagal branches were stimulated
      during concurrent atrial pacing. A few small branches influenced a single cardiac
      function (atrial rate, contractile force, or AV conduction). More commonly,
      activation of such branches elicited simultaneous chronotropic and dromotropic
      effects. However, many branches failed to elicit any detectable cardiac change.
      The major outflow from the left vagus to SAN and AVN regions is by way of cardiac
      branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerve at its reflection around the aorta.
      Activation of the left recurrent nerve reduced atrial rate by 43% and doubled A-H
      interval 84 to 167 ms. The right thoracic vagus or its branches induced A-H
      prolongation from 78 to 131 ms. H-V intervals remained constant at a mean of 35
      ms. Outflows from the right thoracic vagus to SAN and/or AVN regions originated
      just below the middle cervical ganglion and at all levels down to the azygos
      vein.

PMID- 4014480
TI  - Polarographic measurement of ascorbate washout in isolated perfused rabbit
      hearts.
AB  - To study the myocardial washout of ascorbate, the applicability of polarographic
      detection of ascorbate ions by a platinum electrode (sensitive area 0.03 mm2) was
      investigated, in both a calibration setup (sampling flow along the electrode: 100
      microliter X s-1) and isolated, retrogradely perfused rabbit hearts. In the
      calibration setup at pH 7.4, the sensitivity of the electrode was 70 microA/mol.
      This sensitivity increased moderately with increasing pH (13%/unit pH) and
      increasing sampling flow rate (14% at an increase from 100 to 150 microliter X s
      1). In the isolated hearts, ascorbate infused into the aorta was detected in a
      right ventricular drain by the electrode as well as by the use of 14C-labeled
      ascorbate. Both recorded time courses were similar except for a scaling factor
      dependent on flow velocity. During continuous infusion the arteriovenous
      difference of ascorbate was 2 +/- 2% (SD), indicating a relatively low
      consumption of ascorbate by the isolated heart. We conclude that polarographic
      measurement of ascorbate in the coronary effluent of an isolated rabbit heart can
      be performed on-line and relatively easily.

PMID- 4014481
TI  - Effects of anesthetics on regional hemodynamics in normovolemic and hemorrhaged
      rats.
AB  - Twenty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups based on
      anesthetic exposure, i.e., awake animals and those receiving anesthesia produced
      by chloralose-urethan, pentobarbital, or by midcollicular brain stem
      transsection. Before and after hemorrhage (30% of the estimated blood volume),
      cardiac output (CO) and regional blood flows were measured by the microsphere
      method. Arterial blood gases and lactate (L) and pyruvate (P) were also
      determined. CO and regional blood flows were greatest and the L/P ratio was least
      in awake animals both before and after hemorrhage. In normovolemic rats, the
      frequency of altered values (as compared with those in awake animals) was similar
      for all anesthetic techniques, whereas the CO and regional blood flow responses
      to hemorrhage were altered less frequently in decerebrated animals. Decerebration
      may be the preferable procedure if the intent is to produce responses in
      anesthetized animals similar to those in awake rats. If the intent is to study
      hemodynamics in a specific organ, the selection of an anesthetic technique should
      be guided by the individual anesthetic effects on that particular tissue.

PMID- 4014482
TI  - Capillary pressures in rat intestinal muscle and mucosal villi during venous
      pressure elevation.
AB  - Whole-organ experiments designed to estimate the capillary filtration coefficient
      require information about the numerical relationship between capillary pressure
      and venous pressure. Indirect estimates using isogravimetric and isovolumetric
      methods indicate that 62-85% of a step change in venous pressure reaches the
      intestinal capillaries, taken as a whole. We have made direct measurements of
      capillary pressure with a servo-null micropressure system in the microcirculation
      of both the intestinal muscle and the mucosal villi of rats during local
      elevation of venous pressure. Consistent regional differences in the relationship
      between capillary pressure and venous pressure were observed. During increased
      venous pressure, submucosal arterioles constricted, while muscularis arterioles
      dilated. The diameter changes of the small arterioles were consistent with blood
      flow redistribution from mucosa to muscle during venous pressure elevation, but
      inconsistent with a pure myogenic response. These data raise questions about the
      exact role for the expression of the myogenic response during venous pressure
      elevation in the intestine and about previous interpretations of whole-organ
      experiments concerned with intestinal blood flow and fluid exchange.

PMID- 4014483
TI  - A simple method for reducing cardiac output in the conscious lamb.
AB  - We have developed a method for reducing cardiac output in a controlled stepwise
      fashion using awake, intact, unsedated lambs. The method involves placing a
      balloon-tipped (Foley) catheter into the right atrium from a jugular vein
      isolated by a small neck incision. Systemic venous return and cardiac output are
      limited by balloon inflation. With each balloon inflation the animal reaches a
      new and stable cardiac output, which allows the measure of steady-state
      hemodynamic and metabolic variables. We have been able to decrease cardiac output
      to as low as 20% of the resting cardiac output and maintain a stable preparation.
      The reductions in cardiac output are quickly reversible by balloon deflation.
      Animal survival allows repeated study. We present data from five lambs studied
      between 26 and 36 days of age. Alterations in O2 consumption, O2 transport, O2
      extraction, blood pressure, and arterial lactate concentration are examined in
      response to decrements in systemic blood flow and are consistent with changes
      seen in response to a reduction of cardiac output by other methods.

PMID- 4014484
TI  - Response of canine cardiocyte lysosomes to ATP.
AB  - The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship of adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) to maintenance of cardiac lysosome latency. Highly latent
      lysosomes were isolated from adult canine ventricular myocytes or cardiocytes and
      exhibited latency values (based on % free N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, NAGA) of
      29.3 +/- 4.7% (SE), minimal cross contamination by mitochondria (less than 2%
      cardiolipin by weight) and only 1.68% of the total cytochrome c oxidase activity;
      enzymatic enrichments ranged from 10-fold for NAGA to almost 50-fold for
      cathepsin B. Incubations of cardiocyte lysosomes at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C for
      up to 1 h resulted in changes in the rate of loss in lysosomal latency when ATP
      levels were adjusted from 0.0 to 5.0 mM; under these conditions as ED50 of 0.62
      mM ATP was determined. The protection afforded by ATP was reversed by addition of
      the H+ ionophore m-chlorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone (CCCP) at 10 microM to
      the lysosomal suspensions. A significant increase in lysosomal membrane fluidity,
      measured by fluorescent polarization of diphenylhexatriene, was also seen in the
      absence of ATP. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) afforded significant protection only
      at the very highest concentration (5.0 mM); inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) did not
      protect against loss of latency at any concentration. Thus ATP exerts a
      significant stabilizing effect on cardio(myo)cyte lysosomes in vitro and may be
      one of the metabolites regulating lysosomal integrity in vivo.

PMID- 4014485
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of arginine vasopressin in conscious water-deprived rats.
AB  - By means of a specific antagonist [d(CH2)5AVP] of the vasoconstrictor activity of
      arginine vasopressin (AVP), we studied whether the vasoconstrictor effect of AVP
      contributed to the blood pressure control during water deprivation in conscious
      rats. After 24 h of dehydration plasma AVP rose from 3.5 +/- 0.5 to 11.2 +/- 2.0
      fmol/ml. Intravenous injection of 5 micrograms/kg d(CH2)5AVP reduced total
      peripheral resistance. Since cardiac output rose simultaneously, mean arterial
      blood pressure remained unchanged. In rats with sinoaortic deafferentation (SAD)
      4 wk before water deprivation, d(CH2)5AVP caused a reduction of total peripheral
      resistance and of mean arterial pressure, whereas cardiac output remained
      unchanged. Consequently, mean arterial pressure fell. No hemodynamic changes were
      observed in hydrated control rats with and without SAD. It is concluded that the
      vasoconstrictor activity of AVP plays an important role in maintaining blood
      pressure during water deprivation in conscious rats. After AVP blockade, arterial
      pressure fell only in SAD rats as intact rats maintain arterial pressure via
      acute increase cardiac output.

PMID- 4014486
TI  - Relationships among arteriolar, regional, and whole organ blood flow in cremaster
      muscle.
AB  - The relationship between microvessel and tissue blood flow (BF) was determined
      with two different techniques during changes in local vasomotor tone in the rat
      cremaster muscle. Whole organ and regional BF were measured with the radioactive
      microsphere technique (BFms) and compared with values calculated in individual
      arterioles (BFc) using the dual-slit cross-correlation technique. In the muscle
      prepared for microcirculatory observation (i.e., dissected, surgically divided
      into a flattened sheet, and covered with clear plastic), resting BFms was 43 +/-
      3 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1, which was significantly higher than paired BFms in the
      contralateral undisturbed muscle (24 +/- 7 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1). Over a range in
      vasomotor tone, regional BFms to the edge of the tissue, which was exposed to the
      trauma of the surgery, was 56 +/- 7 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 compared with 38 +/- 5
      in the less traumatized center region, a significant difference of 79 +/- 31%.
      There was no linear relationship between arteriolar BFc and BFms. The correlation
      was not improved if the factors of vessel size, vasomotor tone, animal size, or
      muscle size were considered. Changes in arteriolar BFc (y) overestimated changes
      in total tissue BFms (x) by a factor of 2 (y = 2.01x - 0.6; r = 0.86), but
      changes in arteriolar BFc were proportional to changes in BFms if only the center
      region (x) of the tissue was considered (y = 1.08x - 0.1; r = 0.84). The general
      implication from these results is that factors that influence perfusion
      heterogeneity, such as surgical trauma, should be carefully considered when
      correlating macro- and microcirculatory measurements of BF.

PMID- 4014487
TI  - Hyperresponsiveness of monoaminergic mechanisms in DOCA/NaCl hypertensive rats.
AB  - To examine the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the development of
      deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/NaCl hypertension and to test the hypothesis
      that the responsiveness of the sympathetic nervous system to stress is enhanced
      during the developmental phase of hypertension in this model before resting
      sympathetic activity becomes increased, DOCA/NaCl-treated rats and
      uninephrectomized control animals were studied after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of
      treatment. Basal plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine in conscious, unrestrained
      resting DOCA/NaCl-treated rats were the same as in controls at 3, 7, and 14 days
      but were significantly elevated at 28 days of treatment. Ganglionic blockade
      resulted in a significantly greater decrease in mean arterial pressure in
      DOCA/NaCl rats than in controls at 14 and 28 days of treatment. At 14 days,
      DOCA/NaCl rats exhibited significantly greater increments in plasma
      norepinephrine and epinephrine following cold stress than did H2O controls. Basal
      plasma prolactin levels were elevated and release of dopamine from isolated
      superfused mediobasal hypothalami reduced in 28-day DOCA/NaCl hypertensive rats.
      These results indicate that sympathetic nervous system activity increases
      progressively during the development of DOCA/NaCl hypertension and that the
      sympathoadrenal system is hyperresponsive to environmental stress even early in
      the course of DOCA/NaCl treatment and suggest that hypothalamo-hypophyseal
      function is altered in this model of hypertension.

PMID- 4014488
TI  - Defining the mechanical border zone: a study in the pig heart.
AB  - Wall motion abnormalities can occur in nonischemic areas contiguous with ischemic
      myocardium. The extent of the mechanical border zone contiguous with an acute
      myocardial ischemic region was mapped in eight open-chest anesthetized pigs using
      sonomicrometer crystals implanted parallel with the visible ischemic border in
      the subepicardium of ischemic (IZ), proximal border (BZ1), distal border (BZ2),
      and remote normal (NZ) zones. Regional systolic shortening fraction was near 15%,
      and epicardial blood flow was approximately 1.5 ml X min-1 X g-1 in all locations
      before ischemia was induced. Blood flow fell to less than 0.05 ml X min-1 X g-1
      and the left ventricular free wall supplied by the distal one-third of the left
      anterior descending artery exhibited holosystolic lengthening when the vessel was
      occluded. After occlusion, systolic shortening fraction was depressed by 45% in
      the BZ1 located 3.1 +/- 1.1 mm from the ischemic margin and by 25% in the BZ2,
      which was measured at 9.3 +/- 1.5 mm from the ischemic margin without significant
      flow reduction. The NZ, 22.3 +/- 4.6 mm from ischemic margin, was unaffected by
      occlusion. Computer analysis of the data shows that wall motion is depressed as
      far as 12 mm from the ischemic margin. This abnormal wall motion surrounding
      focal transmural myocardial ischemia is presumed to result from mechanical
      tethering.

PMID- 4014489
TI  - Multiple regression for physiological data analysis: the problem of
      multicollinearity.
AB  - Multiple linear regression, in which several predictor variables are related to a
      response variable, is a powerful statistical tool for gaining quantitative
      insight into complex in vivo physiological systems. For these insights to be
      correct, all predictor variables must be uncorrelated. However, in many
      physiological experiments the predictor variables cannot be precisely controlled
      and thus change in parallel (i.e., they are highly correlated). There is a
      redundancy of information about the response, a situation called
      multicollinearity, that leads to numerical problems in estimating the parameters
      in regression equations; the parameters are often of incorrect magnitude or sign
      or have large standard errors. Although multicollinearity can be avoided with
      good experimental design, not all interesting physiological questions can be
      studied without encountering multicollinearity. In these cases various ad hoc
      procedures have been proposed to mitigate multicollinearity. Although many of
      these procedures are controversial, they can be helpful in applying multiple
      linear regression to some physiological problems.

PMID- 4014491
TI  - Pineal gland influences period of circannual rhythms of ground squirrels.
AB  - Female golden-mantled ground squirrels were pinealectomized (Pinx) or Sham-Pinx
      at 70 days of age and maintained for more than 2 yr at 23 degrees C in a 10:14
      light-dark photoperiod. Reproductive condition and body weight were recorded
      weekly and bi-weekly, respectively. Pinx and Sham-Pinx squirrels displayed
      circannual rhythms in body weight; the groups did not differ with respect to
      absolute magnitudes of annual peaks and troughs in body mass. The period of the
      circannual body weight cycle (measured peak to peak) was 27 and 58 days shorter
      in Pinx than in Sham-Pinx squirrels during the 1st and 2nd yr, respectively,
      after surgery. The onset of estrus during the second postoperative cycle occurred
      significantly earlier in Pinx than in Sham-Pinx squirrels. The pineal gland is
      not essential for the generation or expression of circannual or circadian cycles
      but may affect the period of some circannual rhythms.

PMID- 4014490
TI  - Characterization of muscles from aspartic acid obese rats.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine whether changes in muscle mass, muscle
      fiber diameter, or shifts in fiber type occur in the aspartic acid-injected rat,
      an animal model of hypothalamically induced obesity. We found that diaphragm,
      gastrocnemius, and soleus muscle mass was 140, 149, and 171% greater,
      respectively, in control compared with aspartic acid-injected rats. No
      differences were noted in heart weights. Significant reductions in mean fiber
      diameter of aspartic compared with control rats were present in each skeletal
      muscle. Furthermore, significant size reductions were noted for each fiber type
      in the diaphragm, with fast-glycolytic fibers showing the greatest reduction
      compared with controls at both 7 and 12 mo. Fiber type composition within the
      diaphragm did not differ between groups but showed a change with age. These
      results are compared with genetic models of obesity, the Zucker rat and the ob/ob
      mouse, as well as the ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned rat and the gold
      thioglucose mouse. Based on these results, the aspartic rat appears more similar
      to the two genetic models of obesity and also mimics some of the effects of
      malnutrition in rodents.

PMID- 4014492
TI  - Amniotic fluid volume and fetal swallowing rate in sheep.
AB  - To investigate amniotic fluid (AF) dynamics and volume regulatory mechanisms, we
      measured the concentration of radioiodinated (125I) serum albumin (RISA), 51Cr
      labeled red blood cells (Cr-RBC), and 103Ru-labeled microspheres after injection
      into the amniotic cavity and determined AF volume and fetal swallowing rate in 22
      singleton pregnant sheep. Under normal conditions 2-3 h were required for
      complete mixing of RISA and Cr-RBC within AF; however, when the fetus was dead
      only 3-5 h were required. AF volume of 17 sheep on the 5th postoperative day
      averaged 975 +/- 128 ml by RISA and 986 +/- 130 ml by Cr-RBC. AF volume
      determined with RISA and Cr-RBC correlated well. In contrast, AF volume
      measurement with microspheres produced erratic results. The disappearance rate of
      the labels in 17 ewes on the 5th postoperative day averaged 4.9 +/- 0.7%/h for
      RISA and 5.5 +/- 0.7 for Cr-RBC, and the calculated rates of fetal swallowing
      were 935 +/- 78 ml/day by RISA and 1,085 +/- 102 by Cr-RBC. In dead fetuses the
      disappearance rates were almost zero, suggesting that the labels disappear mainly
      by swallowing. Absolute volume swallowed and swallowed volume per fetal weight
      correlated with gestational age. AF volume correlated with fetal weight.
      Radiolabeled albumin or red blood cells may be used to simultaneously measure
      amniotic fluid volume and the rate of fetal swallowing. Furthermore it appears
      that fetal swallowing increases with gestational age.

PMID- 4014493
TI  - Monosaccharide transport into hemocytes of a sipunculan worm Themiste dyscrita.
AB  - The hemerythrin-containing blood cells, or hemocytes, of the sipunculan worm
      Themiste dyscrita were found to have a stereospecific and nonconcentrative
      monosaccharide transport system. The transport system transferred both D-glucose
      and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG), and transport into cells by this system was
      rapid, reaching 50% equilibrium in approximately 20 s at 10 degrees C with an
      initial concentration gradient of 0.1 mM; the contribution to total uptake by
      simple diffusion was very small. 3-OMG uptake showed saturation kinetics with a
      low half-saturation constant (Km less than or equal to 0.1 mM). The uptake of
      labeled 3-OMG by the hemocytes was strongly inhibited by unlabeled 3-OMG, 2-deoxy
      D-glucose, alpha- and beta-D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-mannose. It was
      moderately inhibited by D-xylose, only slightly by alpha-methyl-D-glucoside and D
      fructose, and uninhibited by sucrose, L-glucose, or D-sorbitol. Phloretin was
      more potent than phloridzin in blocking entry of 3-OMG. Cytochalasin B did not
      bind tightly to the T. dyscrita transporter and was not a potent inhibitor of
      transport; it half-maximally inhibited 3-OMG transport at 0.1 mM. Therefore,
      despite some differences the data suggest functional similarities in the
      mechanism of monosaccharide transport into blood cells of mammals and this
      invertebrate.

PMID- 4014494
TI  - Influence of age on cardiovascular reflex response in anesthetized rats.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that aging is associated with an altered hemodynamic
      response to physiological (nonpharmacological) stimuli, such as postural change
      and intravascular volume perturbations, we studied the adult (A, 6 mo) and
      senescent (S, 24 mo) Fischer 344 rat, a mammalian aging model not influenced by
      atherosclerosis or hypertension. Special emphasis was placed on the afferent limb
      of the baroreceptor reflex arc, an area not previously studied with respect to
      age. The base-line heart rate (HR), systemic arterial pressure (SAP), pulmonary
      arterial pressure (PAP), and carotid sinus nerve activity were not influenced by
      age. Following postural change (60 degrees upward tilt), the old animals
      demonstrated a greater drop in systolic pressure (-11 +/- 2, A; -21 +/- 4 mmHg,
      S; P less than 0.05), but there was no significant change in HR in either group.
      In response to a controlled withdrawal of 0.5 ml, the A had a greater reduction
      in systolic pressure (-29 +/- 4, A; -12 +/- 3 mmHg, S; P less than 0.01), whereas
      HR or PAP did not change; both groups showed a similar decrease in nerve
      activity. After infusions of 0.5 and 1.0 ml, the systolic and diastolic pressure
      changes were greater (P less than 0.02), and the changes in nerve activity
      appeared to be slightly more prolonged in the A compared with the S. Thus the
      response to changes in intravascular volume and posture are altered with age, and
      differences in volume-mediated venovasomotor reflex response may contribute to
      these age-related changes in the rat.

PMID- 4014495
TI  - Pulmonary vascular resistance during unilateral pulmonary arterial occlusion in
      ducks.
AB  - We measured mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) during temporary unilateral
      pulmonary arterial occlusion (TUPAO) in 10 ducks. Ppa increased from 11.4 +/- 0.8
      mmHg during control conditions to 18.8 +/- 1.8 during TUPAO. In 5 of the 10 ducks
      we also measured mean left atrial pressure (Pla) and cardiac output (Q). In these
      ducks Ppa significantly increased with TUPAO from 13.9 +/- 0.4 to 22.0 +/- 1.2
      mmHg, whereas Pla and Q did not change significantly. Pulmonary vascular
      resistance (PVR) increased from 10.6 +/- 1.3 to 24.1 +/- 5.3 mmHg X min X 1(-1)
      on TUPAO. By assuming equal vascular resistance in either lung it can be
      calculated that the vascular resistance in only one lung was 22.5 +/- 3.5 mmHg X
      min X 1(-1) during control conditions. Thus doubling flow resulted in no
      significant change in one lung's vascular resistance. A morphometric study of
      both lungs of a domestic goose that were rapidly frozen during TUPAO indicated
      very little compliance in pulmonary blood capillaries. The relative volume of
      exchange tissue occupied by blood capillaries was 0.28 in the occluded lung and
      0.36 in the perfused lung. Surface-to-volume ratios of blood capillaries were
      12,524 cm-1 in the occluded lung and 11,056 cm-1 in the perfused lung. We
      conclude that PVR in birds is relatively insensitive to changes in Q, in contrast
      to mammals.

PMID- 4014496
TI  - Food intake in diabetic rats: isolation of primary metabolic effects of fat
      feeding.
AB  - The effects of varying dietary fat content on food intake and metabolism in
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats were examined. The metabolic consequences of fat
      feeding were separated from the marked adjustments in voluntary food consumption
      that occur when diabetic rats are fed diets containing different amounts of fat
      by feeding rats a fixed ration of food in which either fats or carbohydrates were
      reduced by equicaloric amounts, or in which only the concentration of fat, but
      not other dietary nutrients, was varied systematically. Resulting changes in
      metabolism and subsequent ad libitum food intake on refeeding were then measured.
      Rats did not increase their food intake after a prior reduction in carbohydrate
      consumption but did so after an equicaloric reduction in fat consumption. Urinary
      glucose excretion during rationing was a function of carbohydrate consumption and
      was not predictive of changes in food intake during refeeding. The more fat that
      rats consumed during rationing, the higher their levels of plasma triglycerides
      and ketone bodies were at the time of refeeding and the less they ate when
      allowed to eat ad libitum. The orderly changes in food consumption and in plasma
      triglycerides and ketones observed with variations in fat intake suggest that the
      effects of fat feeding on food intake in diabetic rats are mediated through the
      oxidation of ingested fat.

PMID- 4014497
TI  - Small male body size in garter snake depends on testes.
AB  - In the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) adult females are
      larger than adult males; this difference is apparent within 3 wk of birth, a time
      coinciding with high circulating levels of androgens. To study the ontogeny and
      regulation of this sexual dimorphism, male neonates were either castrated,
      castrated and given Silastic capsules containing testosterone or estradiol, or
      given a sham operation at 8, 9, or 10 wk of age. Female neonates were either
      given a Silastic capsule containing testosterone or dihydrotestosterone or given
      a sham operation at 8, 9, 10, or 14 wk of age. The sex difference in body size
      and growth rate in neonates was abolished by castration; the pattern of growth of
      castrated males was similar to sham-operated females. Androgens in the amounts
      administered failed to reverse the effects of castration, because castrated male
      and female neonates receiving exogenous androgens grew at the same rate as did
      sham-operated females. Males castrated as adults grow larger than adult males
      given a sham operation, indicating the inhibitory role of the testes on body size
      exists after sexual maturity. Treatment of adult males with testosterone,
      however, prevented the increase in body size after castration, suggesting that
      the mechanism regulating weight gain in the garter snake depends on gonadal
      androgen.

PMID- 4014498
TI  - Glucose and lactate kinetics in American eel Anguilla rostrata.
AB  - Simultaneous infusion of [6-3H]glucose and [U-14C]lactate was used to calculate
      the turnover rate of glucose, the irreversible replacement rate of lactate, and
      the rates of the exchange of carbon atoms between glucose and lactate in free
      swimming American eels (Anguilla rostrata) fed or food deprived for 6, 15, and 36
      (maturing) mo. The mean turnover rate of glucose in fed animals averaged 1.0 mg X
      min-1 X 100 g-1, while the lactate irreversible replacement rate was
      approximately 4.0 micrograms X min-1 X 100 g-1. The conversion of 35% of lactate
      carbon to glucose implied a substantial Cori cycle activity, but this amounted to
      less than 1% of total glucose production. Food deprivation for 6 mo altered few
      kinetic patterns, except for an increased lactate irreversible replacement rate
      and a minor increase in gluconeogenesis from lactate. After a 15-mo fast, glucose
      turnover decreased to 0.09 +/- 0.02 mg X min-1 X 100 g-1. Plasma lactate
      concentrations and production rates continuously increased during the experiment.
      Maturing eels that had been food deprived for 36 mo maintained glucose and
      lactate concentrations and kinetics similar to values in animals food deprived
      for only 6 mo. This study stresses the importance of carbohydrate in the
      metabolism of this species under fed and food-deprived conditions and further
      supports the tolerance of Anguillid species to food deprivation.

PMID- 4014499
TI  - Recovery of lipid mass after removal of adipose tissue in ground squirrels.
AB  - Male golden-mantled ground squirrels subjected to surgical removal of substantial
      portions of inguinal, retroperitoneal, and epididymal adipose tissue [lipectomy
      (Lipx)] or to sham lipectomy (Sham) during the early prehibernatory fattening
      phase did not differ in body mass 4 mo later at the time of their annual body
      weight peaks. Body mass restoration by Lipx squirrels was achieved without
      compensatory increases in food intake. There was little or no regeneration of
      epididymal adipose tissue, complete regeneration of the retroperitoneal depot,
      and an increase in mass of subcutaneous fat of Lipx animals. Epididymal and
      retroperitoneal adipocytes were equivalent in size in Sham and Lipx squirrels;
      adipocytes in subcutaneous fat were 20% larger in Lipx than in Sham animals.
      Generation of the annual body mass cycle of this ground squirrel involves active
      regulation of the lipid mass.

PMID- 4014500
TI  - Spinal pathways mediating respiratory influences on sympathetic nerves.
AB  - The location of spinal pathways mediating the respiratory modulation of
      sympathetic nerve activity was determined. Left inferior cardiac sympathetic,
      phrenic, and external intercostal (T1) nerve activities were recorded in 16 alpha
      chloralose-anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed cats. Baroreceptor reflex
      activation of sympathetic activity was tested by bilateral carotid occlusion.
      Eight cats received C6-C7 level ventral spinal cord hemisections followed by
      cumulative lesions leading to total spinal cord transection. Eight other cats
      received C6-C7 level dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) lesions followed by dorsal
      spinal cord hemisection and subsequent spinal cord transection. The respiratory
      modulation of sympathetic activity was quantitatively assessed using respiration
      triggered computer summation of sympathetic activity. Ventral hemisection had no
      significant effect on the respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity or
      bilateral carotid occlusion responses. In contrast, bilateral DLF lesions
      eliminated both the respiratory modulation and bilateral carotid occlusion
      responses. Unilateral disruption of DLF pathways ipsilateral to the recorded
      sympathetic nerve indicated spinal level decussations. Thus bilaterally
      descending DLF pathways with spinal level decussations mediate the respiratory
      modulation of sympathetic activity.

PMID- 4014501
TI  - Psychiatric diagnosis across cultural boundaries.
AB  - Diagnosis across cultural boundaries has become a practical rather than an
      esoteric matter as migration, the number of effective psychiatric therapies, and
      access to psychiatric care have increased. Cross-cultural diagnosis involves such
      theoretical considerations as diagnostic categories, pathoplasticity of
      psychiatric disorder, so-called culture-bound syndromes, "emic" (intracultural)
      versus "etic" (cross-cultural) conceptual frameworks, and different reporting of
      symptoms and expression of signs from one cultural group to another. Important
      clinical issues include distinguishing cultural belief systems from delusions and
      understanding the special problems of minority, migrant, and refugee patients.

PMID- 4014502
TI  - Differences in nocturnal melatonin secretion between melancholic depressed
      patients and control subjects.
AB  - The authors took multiple serum samples for measurement of melatonin between 4:30
      p.m. and 7:30 a.m. in seven male depressed patients with melancholia and five
      healthy male control subjects and found that melancholic patients had a
      significantly lower rise of melatonin. They also compared a second, separate
      group of 14 women and five men suffering from melancholic depression with seven
      healthy male control subjects and nine depressed women without melancholia. The
      melancholic patients had a significantly lower concentration of serum melatonin
      at 11:00 p.m. than either the control subjects or the nonmelancholic depressed
      patients. These findings support the possibility that the functioning of the
      pineal gland is altered in these patients.

PMID- 4014503
TI  - Bipolar I, bipolar II, and nonbipolar major depression among the relatives of
      affectively ill probands.
AB  - An earlier report described symptoms and background features in depressed
      probands grouped by polarity: bipolar I, bipolar II, and nonbipolar. The present
      study made similar comparisons among relatives with a lifetime history of major
      depression. The 73 relatives with bipolar II disorder had the highest rates of
      marital disruption, psychopathology in the previous month, nonserious suicide
      attempts, and nonaffective syndromes and were the youngest when first treated.

PMID- 4014504
TI  - Subtype stability in schizophrenia.
AB  - The authors examine the long-term stability of the subtypes of schizophrenia
      defined by four diagnostic systems. When all patients were considered, agreement
      between subtype assigned at index and follow-up was modest. This agreement
      increased considerably when only patients diagnosed as paranoid, hebephrenic, or
      catatonic at both index and follow-up were considered. As for individual
      subtypes, stability was highest for paranoid schizophrenia, intermediate for
      hebephrenia, and virtually absent for undifferentiated schizophrenia. The
      stability of paranoid schizophrenia was greatest when onset occurred after age
      30. As length of follow-up increased, a larger proportion of patients were
      diagnosed as undifferentiated or residual.

PMID- 4014505
TI  - The role of the press and the medical community in the epidemic of "mysterious
      gas poisoning" in the Jordan West Bank.
AB  - In March and April 1983, an epidemic of "mysterious gas poisoning" occurred in
      the Jordan West Bank region, affecting more than 900 persons, predominantly
      schoolgirls. That both Arabs and Israelis believed there was an etiologic
      poisonous substance reflected their longstanding conflict. Israeli newspaper
      reports, opinions by Arab and Israeli physicians, and the emotional climate in
      Djenin Hospital contributed to the generation and propagation of this belief. The
      author discusses the specific difficulties he met in investigating the outbreak.

PMID- 4014507
TI  - The DST in psychiatric outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder, panic
      disorder, or primary affective disorder.
AB  - The authors administered the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) to outpatients,
      who were free from psychoactive drugs for at least 10 days before the test, with
      primary affective disorder (N = 60), generalized anxiety disorder (N = 26), panic
      disorder (N = 22), and agoraphobia with panic attacks (N = 13). With a cortisol
      value of 5 micrograms/dl considered nonsuppression, there were no significant
      differences in dexamethasone nonsuppression rates among the diagnostic groups.
      Scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and a melancholia subscale
      were significantly higher in the depressed group than in the anxiety disorder
      group. The findings raise questions concerning the specificity of the DST for
      primary affective disorder in relationship to anxiety disorders.

PMID- 4014506
TI  - Antithyroid antibodies in depressed patients.
AB  - The presence of antithyroid (antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin) antibodies was
      assessed in 45 psychiatric inpatients with prominent depressive symptoms (28 with
      DSM-III major depression). Nine patients (20%) had detectable titers of
      antithyroid antibodies, a rate considerably higher than the 5%-10% observed in
      the normal population. Each of these nine patients with symptomless autoimmune
      thyroiditis had normal baseline serum thyrotropin concentrations and normal
      thyroid function (as assessed by T4, T3 uptake, and free thyroxine index). These
      findings support the hypothesis of subtle thyroid dysfunction in a sizable sample
      of psychiatric inpatients with prominent depressive symptoms.

PMID- 4014508
TI  - Comparison of three systems for diagnosing borderline personality disorder.
AB  - The authors assessed three systems for diagnosing borderline personality
      disorder: DSM-III, the checklist criteria of Spitzer et al., and the Diagnostic
      Interview for Borderline Patients. In an inpatient sample of 51 patients, 43
      (84%) met the criteria of at least one of these systems; analyses were carried
      out on 28 of these patients. Twelve (43%) of these 28 patients met criteria for
      all three systems, seven (25%) for two systems, and nine (32%) for only one
      system. Kernberg's structural criteria showed reasonable overlap with the other
      diagnostic criteria. Affective disorders were prominent across diagnostic
      measures in this sample of borderline patients.

PMID- 4014509
TI  - Lactate infusions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
AB  - Panic attacks followed sodium lactate infusions in one of seven patients with
      obsessive-compulsive disorder and 26 of 48 patients with panic disorder or
      agoraphobia with panic attacks. This suggests that lactate-induced panic is
      specific to the latter groups.

PMID- 4014510
TI  - Plasma 10-hydroxynortriptyline and ECG changes in elderly depressed patients.
AB  - Among 18 elderly depressed patients given ECGs before and during nortriptyline
      treatment, plasma E-10-hydroxynortriptyline and the sum of E-10
      hydroxynortriptyline and nortriptyline distinguished the group with
      conduction/repolarization effects. Plasma nortriptyline, age, drug dose, and
      baseline cardiovascular status did not.

PMID- 4014511
TI  - Treatment of PCP intoxication with verapamil.

PMID- 4014512
TI  - Treatment of an aggressive, compulsive adolescent with sultopride.

PMID- 4014513
TI  - Polydipsia in psychiatric patients.

PMID- 4014514
TI  - The malignant neglect of the mentally ill street people.

PMID- 4014515
TI  - Lithium, CNS serotonergic tone, and intoxication.

PMID- 4014516
TI  - Confirmation of abnormal DST results in manic patients.

PMID- 4014517
TI  - The placing of antifertility drugs in food supplies: one answer to our global
      population crisis?

PMID- 4014518
TI  - Do psychotherapies have specific effects?
AB  - The authors provide a critical review of the evidence from psychotherapy outcome
      research for and against the assumption that specific techniques produce specific
      effects. They describe the refinement in research and methodology that will be
      necessary to document specific effects.

PMID- 4014519
TI  - Fulfillment of therapeutic tasks as a precondition for acceptance in therapy.
AB  - Giving a patient therapeutic tasks to fulfill as a precondition for his
      acceptance in therapy facilitates the therapeutic process. Patients' commitment
      to therapy is increased, initial functioning level is raised and morale is
      boosted. The setting of precondition-tasks may work because of the influence of
      therapists' positive expectations for patients' behavior. As the patient fulfills
      the task his own self-efficacy expectations are enhanced. Practical aspects in
      the implementation of this technique are considered, and cases are described.

PMID- 4014520
TI  - Wife rape: barriers to identification and treatment.
AB  - Sexual abuse of women by husbands or long-term lovers is emerging as a
      significant problem in our society. Identification and treatment of this problem
      by the psychiatric community may be constricted by a value system that condones
      secrecy and tolerates abuse. This paper focuses on the significant clinical
      issues in such cases and offers suggestions for interventions that break down
      barriers between patient and therapist.

PMID- 4014521
TI  - I.Q. changes in young children following intensive long-term psychotherapy.
AB  - A review of the literature revealed only three cases of long-term psychotherapy
      of young children in which significant I.Q. gains were reported. A series of ten
      children is presented who received intensive long-term psychotherapeutic
      treatment and who obtained a mean I.Q. gain of 27.9 points.

PMID- 4014522
TI  - The effect of media involvement on transference.
AB  - The psychiatric literature contains contrasting opinions about the wisdom of
      public exposure by a therapist. This issue has become more relevant because of
      the recent acceptance of advertising and solicitation by professionals. Most of
      the current discussions focus on political and economic issues rather than the
      impact on the therapeutic process. This paper describes the effect of media
      exposure by the therapist on the transference of twenty-eight patients seen in
      his private practice.

PMID- 4014523
TI  - Man's purgative passion.
AB  - Overconcern with bowel function has been prevalent throughout history. Overuse of
      laxatives is persisting for a certain segment of the population even today. This
      paper attempts to put this practice into perspective by presenting a review of
      mankind's treatment and mistreatment of the GI system from the ancient Egyptians
      to modern times.

PMID- 4014524
TI  - Contagious hysteria in a West Bengal village.
AB  - This article reports on the phenomenon of contagious hysteria in a village in
      West Bengal. The psychosocial and psychodynamic aspects are discussed.

PMID- 4014525
TI  - Therapeutic processes in a Yoga Ashram.
AB  - Although communal and new religious groups are said to provide quasi-therapeutic
      experiences for relatively healthy individuals in our society, there is little
      information about how this occurs. This study examines the lifestyle and social
      structure of a yoga ashram and describes how they facilitate processes where
      residents learn to release and prevent stress in their lives.

PMID- 4014526
TI  - American Society for the Immunology of Reproduction. Abstracts from the sixth
      annual meeting. June 12-14, 1985, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

PMID- 4014527
TI  - The sensitivity of placental trophoblast cells to intraplacental and allogeneic
      cytotoxic lymphocytes.
AB  - The NK-susceptibility of trophoblast cells to allogeneic and autologous
      intraplacental natural killer (NK), antibody-dependent (K), and mitogen-induced
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity was studied, using untreated and neuraminidase-treated
      trophoblast cells from normal, full-term deliveries. The work was preceded by
      systematic studies of placental cell separation and labelling techniques, and the
      effects of these techniques on the NK target, K562. The results indicated that
      maternal NK cells are present among intraplacental lymphocytes, but that their
      activity is lower than that of peripheral blood lymphocytes and they are not
      stimulated by interferon to the same extent as peripheral blood lymphocytes
      (PBL). Trophoblast cells were rarely susceptible to allogeneic NK cells, with low
      cytotoxicity at high effector-target cell ratios in only two of five experiments.
      Interferon (IF)-boosted NK cells mediated some cytolysis of trophoblasts in three
      of four experiments, but high effector/target cell ratios were also required for
      the effect to be observed. The trophoblast cells could be lysed, however, by K
      cells and lectin-induced cytotoxicity. Removal of surface sialic acid by
      neuraminidase treatment of the trophoblast cells had little effect on the
      susceptibility of these cells to unstimulated NK cells (one of four experiments),
      but resulted in susceptibility to IF-boosted NK cells in four of four
      experiments. Normal trophoblast cells did not compete in IF-NK(K562) assays and
      neuraminidase-treated cells competed weakly in only one of three such
      experiments, indicating that the NK "target structure" is only weakly expressed
      on human trophoblast cells. Intraplacental lymphocytes lysed autologous
      trophoblast cells to a lower extent than allogeneic PBL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014528
TI  - Head and neck injuries in college football: an eight-year analysis.
AB  - The present study documented head and neck injuries in a study group of 342
      college football players at a single institution for a period of 8 years. All
      freshmen players were screened for evidence of: (1) past history of head and neck
      injuries, and (2) abnormalities of the cervical spine on physical examination and
      x-ray film. By recording all head injuries and those neck injuries with time
      loss, incidence rates and patterns of injury incurred in college competition were
      determined. A total of 175 head and neck injuries were sustained by 100 players
      over the 8 year period. Those players with abnormal findings on screening
      examination were twice as likely to have a head or neck injury at some point in
      their college careers as those players with a normal screening examination. The
      greater the degree of abnormality on freshman screening examination, the more
      severe the neck injury in college was likely to be. Twenty-nine percent of all
      players in the study group sustained a head or neck injury during their college
      careers. The probability of a subsequent head or neck injury escalated sharply
      following a single incident. The overall incidence of injury was found to have
      been dramatically reduced over the 8 years. Influential factors such as
      legislative rule changes, medical status of recruits, and general coaching
      philosophies are discussed with regard to injury reduction and prevention of head
      and neck injuries in college football.

PMID- 4014529
TI  - Shoulder strength following acromioclavicular injury.
AB  - The acromioclavicular (AC) joint enjoys the dubious distinction of being one of
      the few joints in the body whose total dislocation is routinely treated by simply
      leaving the joint dislocated. Adherents of both conservative and operative
      treatment have presented reasons for their viewpoints. Residual shoulder weakness
      has been offered as a sequela of untreated acromioclavicular injury and a reason
      for repairing the joint. An objective evaluation of shoulder strength would be
      valuable in determining the optimum treatment for this injury. The purpose of our
      study was to quantitate, using the Cybex II, the residual shoulder weakness
      following various modes of treatment. Seventeen patients with Grade III AC
      separations and eight patients with Grade II AC sprains were reviewed. Nine of
      the Grade III injuries were treated and eight nonoperatively. All Grade II
      injuries were treated nonsurgically. All patients were tested on the Cybex II
      isokinetic dynamometer at both slow and fast speeds through various ranges of
      motion. Grade III injuries treated nonoperatively showed no significant strength
      deficits. Surgically treated Grade III injuries had a significant strength
      deficit in vertical abduction at fast speeds (19.8%) when compared to the
      uninjured shoulder. Interestingly, the Grade II injuries led to a significant
      weakness in horizontal abduction (24.3%) at fast velocity. Evaluation of
      subjective results showed that Grade III injuries treated conservatively had the
      most pain and stiffness, despite their strong shoulders. Patients with Grade III
      injuries treated operatively rated their overall outcome below that of those
      treated conservatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014530
TI  - A review of scaphoid fracture healing in competitive athletes.
AB  - A fractured scaphoid is a common disabling injury occurring in contact sports.
      Plaster immobilization is the most frequently used form of therapy. However, the
      rules governing most amateur sports do not allow an unyielding form of
      immobilization distal to the elbow. We describe a method of treating scaphoid
      fractures with custom-made Silastic (Dow Corning Wright, Arlington, TN) casts for
      competitive athletes. A retrospective review of 14 scaphoid fractures occurring
      in athletes competing in contact sports was completed to determine if effective
      immobilization could be maintained with this technique. The study covered a 10
      year period with an average followup of 3.9 years (range 2 to 9 years). Ten of 11
      middle third scaphoid fractures healed uneventfully. One nonunion occurred
      following a 7 week delay in diagnosis. Two of three proximal third scaphoid
      fractures went on to nonunion, while the third healed after a prolonged period of
      treatment. Our data indicate that nondisplaced middle third scaphoid fractures
      can be effectively immobilized for competition in contact sports with the custom
      made Silastic cast described.

PMID- 4014531
TI  - Chronic compartment syndrome: diagnosis, management, and outcomes.
AB  - A consecutive operative series of 100 patients with chronic compartment syndrome
      involving 233 compartments is reported. Seven of every eight were athletes, and
      runners predominated. Exercise-induced symptoms of consistently recurring
      tightness, aching (in some, sharp pains) in anatomically defined compartments
      were pathognomonic. Mean months of symptoms prior to operation was 22; median age
      was 26 years. Bilaterality occurred in 82. The distribution of compartments was:
      anterior, 39%; lateral, 12%; and posterior, 48%. Incidental compartment pressures
      were elevated (mean = 23 mmHg). Fasciotomy using local anesthesia was performed
      on 70 outpatients. At a median of 4.5 months, over 90% were cured or
      significantly improved in symptoms and/or function. Median time to walking
      unassisted was 2 days, and to resumption of conditioned running 21 days.
      Fasciotomy can be a safe, effective, and economical treatment for chronic
      compartment syndrome.

PMID- 4014532
TI  - Nerve injury and grades II and III ankle sprains.
AB  - Nerve injuries associated with inversion sprains of the ankle have been mentioned
      in the literature on a case presentation basis only. Sixty-six consecutive
      patients with Grade II (30) and Grade III (36) ankle sprains were examined by
      electromyography 2 weeks after injury to determine the presence and distribution
      of nerve injuries. Ankle active range of motion (AROM) and the number of weeks
      postinjury when the patient could heel/toe walk and return to full activity were
      also noted. Five patients (17%) with Grade II sprains had mild peroneal nerve
      injury and three (10%) injured the tibial nerve. Clinical measurements were
      normal by the end of the second week. Thirty-one patients (86%) with Grade III
      sprains injured their peroneal nerve, while 30 (83%) incurred posterior tibial
      nerve injury. Ankle AROM was impaired, and heel/toe walking (5.1 weeks) and
      return to full activity (5.3 weeks) were markedly prolonged. The likely cause of
      this injury is considered to be a mild nerve traction or a hematoma in the
      epineural sheath at the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve into peroneal and
      posterior tibial branches. This report indicates that a consistently high
      percentage of patients with Grade III ankle sprains sustain a significant injury
      to both motor nerves in the leg and that rehabilitation time is markedly
      prolonged.

PMID- 4014533
TI  - The course of partial anterior cruciate ligament ruptures.
AB  - In a prospective study 21 consecutive patients were followed up for an average of
      6 years after partial tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) diagnosed by
      clinical examination and arthroscopy. The ACL tear was treated conservatively and
      associated lesions were sutured. At followup a knee function score was recorded.
      The maximum possible score was 100 points. The mean score at followup was 93 +/-
      6 points. All patients were classified as good or excellent. Three knees were
      unstable at followup, but the score was not impaired. With a partial tear of the
      ACL the course is benign and the long-term result good, in contrast to total
      ruptures of ACLs. It is, therefore, important to make an accurate diagnosis in
      order to choose the proper treatment.

PMID- 4014534
TI  - Nontraumatic injuries in amateur long distance bicyclists.
AB  - All 132 participants in a 500 mile, 8 day bicycle tour were surveyed by
      questionnaire to characterize the demographics and bicycling experience of the
      riders, and to determine the frequency and severity of nontraumatic injuries they
      experienced. Riders who developed significant symptoms were interviewed and/or
      examined. Eighty-six percent of ride participants responded to the survey. The
      average age of the riders was 41.4 years (+/- 11.7 years). They rode an average
      of 95.8 miles per week on a routine basis, but the majority were new to long
      distance touring. Most were healthy, but 5% had serious cardiovascular disease
      and bicycled as part of a rehabilitation program. The most common nontraumatic
      injury was buttocks pain (experienced by 32.8% of riders); four had skin
      ulceration of the buttocks. Knee problems occurred in 20.7% of riders; patellar
      pain syndromes and lateral knee complaints were the most common knee problems.
      One cyclist withdrew from the tour because of knee pain. Neck-shoulder pain
      occurred in 20.4% of the riders. Groin numbness and palmar pain or paresthesias
      each occurred in approximately 10%. Other less common problems were foot and
      ankle symptoms and sunburn.

PMID- 4014535
TI  - A comparison of athletic mouthguard materials.
AB  - The development of protective mouthguards resulted from extensive injuries during
      participation in contact sports. This has produced a dramatic decrease in the
      incidence of injuries to the orofacial complex. Numerous materials and techniques
      have been used for mouthguard fabrication. The purpose of this investigation was
      to make an in vivo comparison of various thermoplastic mouthguard materials.
      Mouthguards were fabricated upon maxillary models of 40 members of the UCLA
      football team. The mouthguards were made of the following materials: poly (vinyl
      acetate-ethylene) copolymer clear thermoplastic; polyurethane; and laminated
      thermoplastic. Eleven measurements were taken for each mouthguard to demonstrate
      dimensional changes that occurred with wear. Statistical analyses determined
      differences between the types of mouthguards. The clear thermoplastic revealed
      less dimensional change than the polyurethane material. The laminated
      thermoplastic showed significantly less dimensional change than the other
      materials tested.

PMID- 4014536
TI  - Isolated posterior shoulder dislocation in a child. A case report.
AB  - Posterior dislocations of the shoulder are rare, and even rarer in children. The
      outcome depends on early recognition and treatment if normal shoulder function is
      to be obtained.

PMID- 4014537
TI  - Slipped distal femoral epiphyseal plate following closed manipulation of the
      knee. A case report.

PMID- 4014538
TI  - Megapatella following a rupture of patellar tendon. A case report.

PMID- 4014539
TI  - Epithelioid sarcoma. Diagnosis, prognostic indicators, and treatment.
AB  - A retrospective review of 241 cases of epithelioid sarcoma reaffirmed the
      propensity of this tumor to occur in the distal extremities of young adults. The
      tumor was generally firm and nontender, and involved the dermis, subcutis or
      deeper soft tissues, particularly fascial planes, aponeuroses, and tendon
      sheaths. Follow-up data, available in 202 cases (84%), showed a 77% recurrence
      and a 45% metastatic rate. The most common initial sites of metastasis were lymph
      nodes (48%) and lungs (25%). A more aggressive course was associated with a
      proximal or axial tumor location, increased size and depth, hemorrhage, mitotic
      figures, necrosis, or the presence of vascular invasion. More favorable behavior
      was observed when the tumor arose in younger individuals, in distal extremities,
      or in females between the ages of 10 and 49. (The last observation calls for
      further work with steroid receptors.) Radical excision or amputation still
      appears to be the initial treatment of choice, though adjunctive high-dose
      radiotherapy to the excision site may prove to be of additional value.

PMID- 4014540
TI  - Inverted hyperplastic polyps of the colon.
AB  - An unusual form of hyperplastic polyp of the colon is described in which
      endophytic growth can simulate adenoma or carcinoma by penetration of the
      muscularis mucosae and a complex epithelial growth pattern. These lesions differ
      clinically from exophytic hyperplastic polyps by being more frequent on the right
      side than in the left colon and being relatively more common in women.

PMID- 4014541
TI  - T-cell signet-ring cell lymphoma. A histologic, ultrastructural, and
      immunohistochemical study of two cases.
AB  - The histologic, ultrastructural, and immunologic characteristics of two signet
      ring cell lymphomas of T-cell derivation are presented. Histologically, both
      lymphomas were diffuse large cell lymphomas with many neoplastic cells containing
      cytoplasmic vacuoles imparting a signet-ring configuration. Ultrastructural
      examination revealed the vacuoles to consist of electron-lucent spaces containing
      variable numbers of microspherules. Immunohistochemical studies showed that both
      lymphomas expressed T-cell phenotypes with no reactivity with antibodies to B
      cell antigens. In contrast to previous reports which have shown signet-ring cell
      lymphomas to be invariably B-cell in derivation and usually follicular center
      cell type, this study demonstrates that these lymphomas may also be of T-cell
      origin.

PMID- 4014542
TI  - Neuron-specific enolase as an immunohistochemical tool for the diagnosis of
      Hirschsprung's disease.
AB  - Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded sections of rectal biopsies and
      of surgical specimens of the colon for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) by the
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique greatly facilitates the diagnosis of
      Hirschsprung's disease. Axons were stained in normal and in aganglionic colon.
      The perikarya of normal ganglion cells from unaffected patients were strongly
      positive for NSE and were easily recognizable even when the nerve cells were
      immature. This technique, therefore, simplifies the task of distinguishing
      hypoganglionic from aganglionic colon. The hypertrophic submucosal axonal bundles
      characteristic of Hirschsprung's disease were also readily demonstrable.

PMID- 4014543
TI  - Bursa formation in secondary chondrosarcoma with intrabursal chondrosarcomatosis.
AB  - Osteocartilaginous exostoses (osteochondromata) are rather common bone tumors.
      Although most are straightforward lesions, one may occasionally encounter one of
      a number of well-recognized complications. In the current case, secondary
      malignant transformation and bursal sac formation were present. Additionally,
      numerous malignant chondroid nodules were shed into the attached bursa, giving
      rise to a large soft tissue mass, a situation which we feel is both remarkable
      and, to our knowledge, unique.

PMID- 4014544
TI  - Intraoperative biliary endoscopy (choledochoscopy) in California hospitals.

PMID- 4014545
TI  - Acute pancreatitis in Algeria. Report of 221 Cases.
AB  - A review of 221 patients operated on for acute pancreatitis during a 16 year
      period showed that women predominated 2:1. This is explained by the common
      occurrence of biliary stones in Algerian women. In more than half the patients,
      primary symptoms were biliary. Only 56 percent of diagnoses were established
      preoperatively. Acute edematous pancreatitis predominated, occurring in 58
      percent, with necrotic pancreatitis occurring in 42 percent. Edematous
      pancreatitis was most often treated by biliary procedures and infiltration and
      draining of the pancreatic area. Necrotic forms were treated by necrotectomy,
      whereas segmental pancreatectomy was performed in seven patients. Postoperative
      mortality was 9.4 percent in the whole group but 37 percent in those with
      necrotic hemorrhagic pancreatitis. It is noteworthy that alcoholism, which is
      rare in Algeria, was the cause of pancreatitis in only six patients (3 percent).
      The main cause was biliary disease.

PMID- 4014546
TI  - Effect of diverting colostomy on breaking strength of anastomoses after resection
      of the left side of the colon. Studies in the rat.
AB  - In the present investigation, the effect of a proximal diverting colostomy on
      suture holding capacity and on anastomotic strength of the excluded left colon
      was studied. Suture holding capacity was increased 7 days after fecal diversion.
      Anastomotic strength development, however, was significantly delayed. These
      differences were accompanied by a diminished collagen response in the anastomotic
      region after fecal diversion. This might suggest impairment of healing in the
      excluded colon. The gross appearance of the anastomoses would, however, indicate
      that increased collagen formation and greater strength development in animals
      without colostomy is a result of more complicated healing.

PMID- 4014547
TI  - Nonoperative management of adult splenic injury due to blunt trauma: a warning.
AB  - An analysis of 11 patients with splenic injury initially receiving nonoperative
      treatment revealed that 73 percent subsequently required surgery for delayed
      hemorrhage. The influence of age and the anatomic differences between the adult's
      spleen and child's spleen may account for the increased incidence of delayed
      bleeding seen in this series. Which patients might avoid surgical intervention
      cannot be predicted with certainty from the mechanism of injury or the lack of
      early physical signs and symptoms. The corresponding medical problems that often
      exist with the older patient may make nonoperative management, with the inherent
      risk of hypotension and large transfusion requirements, inappropriate. Although
      not advocating immediate splenectomy, we encourage early operative intervention
      with splenorrhaphy. Although improved diagnostic techniques will uncover a
      greater incidence of splenic injury, the inability to identify the nonoperative
      patient remains a clinical dilemma. The true role of nonoperative management of
      splenic injuries in the adult and the criteria for selection need to be further
      defined with larger prospective series. Although this approach may be useful for
      some patients, its application cannot be universal, and one must be willing to
      accept the consequences of delayed hemorrhage.

PMID- 4014548
TI  - Surgical complications of peritoneal dialysis catheters.
AB  - Peritoneal catheters are relatively easy to insert but are associated with
      specific complications. Proper placement and appropriate management reduce the
      problems associated with these complications, reduce morbidity and mortality, and
      increase catheter survival. On the basis of our findings the following procedures
      are recommended: placement of the catheter in the operating room, use of a
      paramedian incision, closure of the fascia with a running nonabsorbable suture,
      use of small exchanges initially to allow for healing, cessation of peritoneal
      dialysis for a limited time when leaks occur, performance of omentectomy when
      necessary, repair of abdominal wall hernias preoperatively or whenever they
      occur, maintenance of meticulous asepsis, removal of the catheter after fungal
      peritonitis or multiple episodes of peritonitis with the same organism, and early
      operation if there is any doubt of an intraabdominal catastrophe.

PMID- 4014549
TI  - Management of esophageal dehiscences by an intraluminal bypass tube. An
      experimental study.
AB  - The high incidence of leaks from esophageal anastomoses and the significant
      morbidity resulting from spontaneous or iatrogenic perforations have prompted an
      experimental study involving the protection of esophageal anastomoses,
      dehiscences, and perforation by use of an intraluminal bypass graft. To
      accomplish this, a specially prepared soft tube is inserted that conducts the
      salivary and esophageal secretions and ingested food to the stomach, thus
      preventing any contact with the anastomotic site. Even in the face of surgically
      created gross esophageal anastomotic dehiscences and perforations, there has been
      a complete absence of leakage as evidenced by barium studies and by gross and
      microscopic examination of anastomoses and dehiscences. The technique of
      inserting the intraluminal bypass graft and its efficacy in protecting the
      esophageal anastomoses with gross dehiscences has been presented.

PMID- 4014550
TI  - Recurrent hyperparathyroidism due to implantation of parathyroid tissue.
AB  - Recurrence of hyperparathyroidism after initially successful primary operation is
      usually caused by inadequate resection of diseased tissue or recurrent carcinoma.
      Since it is known that normal parathyroid tissue may be autotransplanted into a
      muscle bed, it is plausible that inadvertent implantation of parathyroid tissue
      spilled at operation may occur. In four of 23 reoperations for
      hyperparathyroidism in an 11 year period, we found evidence that iatrogenic
      parathyroid implantation had occurred. Two of the four patients had multiple
      parathyroid implants in the previous operative field, and one of these patients
      had documented spillage of a cystic adenoma during the original operation.
      Another two of the four patients were found to have recurrent adenomas containing
      suture material at sites of previous excision of the adenomas. No patient had
      gross or histologic evidence of parathyroid carcinoma. We conclude that
      inadvertently spilled parathyroid tissue may implant in the neck or mediastinum
      and cause persistent or recurrent hypercalcemia. Therefore, all efforts should be
      made to handle the parathyroid glands only by their pedicles and not to crush,
      suture, or violate the capsule. Needle aspiration of parathyroid cysts could lead
      to implantation along the needle tract.

PMID- 4014551
TI  - Parotidectomy versus limited resection for benign parotid masses.
AB  - Parotidectomy for benign parotid masses in 86 patients has been reviewed.
      Morbidity, although common, was mild and transient. Recurrence and permanent
      facial nerve weakness did not occur in any patient with 5 to 13 year follow-up.
      Superficial and conservative parotidectomies remain the procedures of choice for
      most benign tumor masses.

PMID- 4014552
TI  - Treatment of necrotizing soft tissue infections. The need for a new approach.
AB  - Necrotizing soft tissue infections are classified by the type of infecting
      organism, the presenting clinical picture, and the treatment required. However,
      reliance on this schema is impractical since it often leads to an inordinate
      delay in appropriate surgical therapy with an unwarranted loss of a limb or life.
      Since 1958, 21 patients were treated at the UCLA Medical Center with necrotizing
      soft tissue infections. Unifocal ulcerations and nonspreading infections were
      excluded. Of the 21 patients, the initial classification of the infections
      included necrotizing fasciitis in 38 percent, clostridial gangrene in 38 percent,
      bacterial synergistic gangrene in 19 percent, and streptococcal hemolytic
      gangrene in 5 percent. Diabetes or evidence of immunosuppression was found in 71
      percent of the patients. The course could be traced to either a perforated viscus
      in 43 percent or a traumatic injury in 43 percent. No single clinical sign,
      including tissue gas, was diagnostic for a specific type of necrotizing soft
      tissue infection. Culture revealed a polymicrobial flora in 76 percent. Overall
      mortality was 52 percent and the amputation rate was 36 percent. Mean time to
      appropriate surgical therapy was 1.9 days. Operations performed more than 24
      hours after recognition of infection resulted in a 70 percent mortality versus a
      36 percent mortality when operations were performed less than 24 hours after
      recognition. A lesser operation to conserve tissue resulted in a 71 percent
      mortality versus a 43 percent mortality with initial radical surgery which
      encompassed all devitalized tissue. Based on these data, we conclude that
      classification of necrotizing soft tissue infections should be simplified to
      clostridial and nonclostridial infections. Radical operative debridement,
      regardless of tissue loss, should be carried out immediately after fluid
      resuscitation, and antibiotic coverage must be broad spectrum from the time of
      onset due to the polymicrobial nature of these infections.

PMID- 4014553
TI  - Surgical treatment of high gastric ulcer.
AB  - The purpose of this study has been to review the late results of surgical
      treatment of 244 patients with endoscopically proved benign chronic gastric ulcer
      located 5 cm or less from the cardia. In five patients, a total gastrectomy with
      esophagojejunostomy was performed. Proximal gastrectomy was used in 3 patients,
      mesogastrectomy in 5 patients, a partial Schoemaker's procedure in 73 patients,
      Pauchet's procedure in 70 patients, and Csendes' procedure in 23 patients.
      Nonresective procedures were employed in 67 patients and included the Kelling
      Madlener procedure in 23 patients, pyloroplasty alone in 10 patients,
      gastrojejunostomy alone in 4 patients, local or wedge excision of the ulcer in 9
      patients, and vagotomy and pyloroplasty in 21 patients. The follow-up evaluation
      was performed in 91 percent of the patients (mean 9 years postoperatively, range
      5 to 15 years), with emptying endoscopy in all nonresected patients. A high
      mortality was observed after total or proximal gastrectomy, as well as after
      nonresective procedures. After the other resective techniques, low postoperative
      morbidity and mortality were observed. No recurrent ulcer was seen after the
      resective procedures. Based on these results, we propose that when the ulcer is
      located 5 cm below the cardia, Schoemaker's or Pauchet's procedure should be
      performed; if the ulcer is located 2 cm or less from the cardia, Csendes'
      procedure or the Kelling-Madlener procedure should be employed.

PMID- 4014554
TI  - Surgical management of gastric adenocarcinoma.
AB  - This paper has analyzed the results of surgical management of 196 patients with
      gastric carcinoma treated from 1958 through 1982 at the Brigham and Women's
      Hospital in Boston and compares the experience during this time period with that
      of the previous 45 years. Surgical technique, operative mortality and
      complications, and 5 year survival were recorded. The resectability rate of the
      tumor in patients explored was 78.1 percent, and the 5 year survival rate for all
      153 gastrectomies was 24.9 percent (36.2 percent for curative gastrectomy and 8.6
      percent for palliative gastrectomy). Chronologic comparison over the years showed
      a decrease in the incidence of cancer of the stomach over the past 65 years, a
      steady increase in the 5 year absolute survival of patients with gastric
      carcinoma, and a significant decrease in the operative mortality and an increase
      in the 5 year survival after subtotal gastrectomy.

PMID- 4014555
TI  - Distribution of colorectal cancer in patients with and without ulcerative
      colitis.
AB  - A comparison of the anatomic distribution of colorectal cancer in patients with
      and without CUC is difficult because of the unequal number of patients in each
      group and the changing epidemiologic parameters of colorectal cancer in general.
      In the present study, the distribution of colorectal tumors in patients with and
      without CUC was compared over two different time periods at a single hospital. In
      the early time period (1960 to 1975), there was a significantly higher percentage
      of proximal tumors in the group with cancer and CUC compared to the group with
      cancer alone. In the most recent time period (1975 to 1981), there was no
      difference in distribution of colorectal cancer regardless of whether the patient
      had CUC or not. We believe that the increased percentage of proximal tumors in
      patients with colorectal cancers and no CUC that has occurred in recent years has
      led to the present findings of a similar distribution of tumors in patients with
      and without CUC.

PMID- 4014556
TI  - Serendipitous adrenal masses: prevalence, significance, and management.
AB  - Over a 2 year period, 63 of 1,459 patients examined by computerized tomography
      were found to have adrenal masses. In 19 patients (1.3 percent of patients
      examined and 30 percent of patients with adrenal masses), they were unexpected
      and did not give rise to symptoms or signs. Three patients were explored. Two of
      the patients had adrenocortical adenomas and a third, a ganglioneuroma. Adrenal
      function tests were performed in 14 patients and showed evidence of Cushing's
      syndrome in 1 patients and revealed no abnormalities in 13. The lesions in 10 of
      11 nonsurgical patients followed by computerized tomography for 11 to 36 months
      showed no change. One lesion became significantly smaller. In a review of 988
      autopsy reports, grossly visible adrenal masses were present in 73 patients (7.3
      percent), including 19 adrenocortical adenomas (1.9 percent) and 50 metastases (5
      percent). We conclude that serendipitous adrenal masses are usually small,
      nonfunctioning, and benign, the most common lesion being adrenocortical adenoma.
      A protocol has been suggested for management to identify the minority of patients
      with functioning or malignant lesions and to avoid unnecessary surgery in the
      others who have benign disease.

PMID- 4014557
TI  - Innovations in skin suture removal.
AB  - A cutting forceps and suture removal scissors have been specially designed for
      removal of percutaneous sutures. Our clinical experience with these instruments
      indicate that they facilitate removal of percutaneous sutures in the surgical
      patient.

PMID- 4014558
TI  - The fuzzy foreign body fragment: a subtle roentgenographic clue to mediastinal
      vascular injury.
AB  - Foreign body injury to mediastinal vascular structures may be present in
      clinically stable patients who have sustained thoracic trauma. Angiography may
      occasionally fail to demonstrate such an injury which may lead to delay in
      surgical management. A subtle roentgenographic finding consisting of a fuzzy
      metallic fragment contiguous with the mediastinum on admission chest films
      suggested vascular injury in two patients and prompted surgical exploration.
      Despite preoperative hemodynamic stability and normal angiograms, major
      transmural injuries to the pulmonary artery and aorta were encountered in these
      two patients and were managed successfully.

PMID- 4014559
TI  - Congenital duplication of the gallbladder associated with an anomalous right
      hepatic artery.
AB  - A case report describing the incidental finding of a double gallbladder
      associated with an anomalous anteriorly displaced right hepatic artery has been
      presented. The literature has also been reviewed and the appropriate surgical
      intervention for supranumerary gallbladder suggested.

PMID- 4014560
TI  - Familial visceral myopathy: the role of surgery.
AB  - Familial visceral myopathy is a form of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction in
      which fibrosis of the smooth muscle of the alimentary tract causes protean
      symptoms of disordered visceral motility. Based on our 8 year observation of six
      members of one family with familial visceral myopathy and review of the few well
      documented case reports of this disease, we have confirmed a role for surgeons in
      tissue diagnosis, case identification, and palliation of incapacitating symptoms
      of familial visceral myopathy after obtaining dynamic radiographic assessment of
      the entire alimentary canal. Because the duodenum and colon are the usual sources
      of major dysmotility symptoms, patients incapacitated by duodenal or colonic
      pseudoobstruction may benefit from bypass or resective operations.

PMID- 4014561
TI  - Limb-sparing surgery for extremity sarcomas after preoperative intraarterial
      doxorubicin and radiation therapy.
AB  - Complete local control of 25 extremity bone and soft tissue sarcomas was obtained
      by combined preoperative intraarterial doxorubicin and radiation therapy,
      followed by limb-sparing resection with reconstruction and adjuvant chemotherapy.
      At a 32 month median follow-up, there are no local tumor recurrences. Functional
      limbs were salvaged in 21 patients (84 percent). Fifteen patients (60 percent)
      were continuously disease-free and overall survival was 80 percent. After the
      extensive combined modality therapy, extremity complications, including delays in
      wound healing, occurred in 10 patients. Nevertheless, most complications were
      resolved with salvage of functional limbs. These results support an aggressive
      multimodality limb-sparing approach to high-grade extremity sarcomas.

PMID- 4014562
TI  - Cancer of the distal esophagus and cardia: preoperative irradiation prolongs
      survival.
AB  - Ninety-five patients with carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia seen
      between 1979 and 1984 were managed in one of four ways: radiotherapy alone (6,000
      rads), esophagogastrectomy alone, preoperative radiotherapy (4,000 rads over 4
      weeks) followed by esophagogastrectomy, or no definitive treatment for patients
      with advanced disease. Patients who receive radiotherapy alone or no definitive
      therapy were considered unfit for operation; however, those patients who had
      operation only were equivalent with regard to histologic stage and risk to
      patients who received preoperative radiotherapy and surgery. Patients who
      received no definitive therapy died within 1 year, with a mean survival of 3.7
      months. The mean survival for patients who received radiotherapy only was 8.3
      months; for those who had surgery alone, 13 months; and for those who had
      preoperative radiotherapy, 24 months. Patients who received preoperative
      radiotherapy had significantly longer survival times when followed 12, 15, and 18
      months postoperatively. Preoperative radiotherapy did not improve overall
      resectability, and postoperative mortality was similar in the two surgical
      groups. In comparable patients treated by esophagogastrectomy, preoperative
      irradiation prolonged the disease-free survival time and is advocated for all
      surgical candidates.

PMID- 4014563
TI  - Pancreatic abscess: impact of computerized tomography on early diagnosis and
      surgery.
AB  - Pancreatic abscess continues to be a lethal complication of acute pancreatitis,
      with mortality rates of 40 percent in recent surgical series. A major factor
      contributing to this high mortality has been delay in diagnosis. When combined
      with diagnostic needle aspiration, computerized tomographic scanning has greatly
      enhanced the early detection of pancreatic abscesses. In a 4 year period at our
      institutions, 21 patients with proved pancreatic abscesses were evaluated early
      in their clinical course by computerized tomography. On follow-up ranging from 7
      months to 3 1/2 years, there were only four deaths for a mortality rate of 19
      percent. Many of the surviving patients had a long and protracted clinical course
      (mean length of hospitalization was 56 days) and reoperation for recurrent
      abscess or gastrointestinal complications was required in eight patients (38
      percent). Computerized tomography proved to be of considerable value in
      localizing the site of de novo or recurrent pancreatic abscess and in detecting
      postoperative complications. An aggressive approach encompassing early
      computerized tomographic scanning with diagnostic needle aspiration appears to be
      a factor in the improved survival rate of these patients.

PMID- 4014564
TI  - Management of injuries of the thoracic and abdominal aorta.
AB  - Thirty-five patients had surgery for injuries of the aorta at the Los Angeles
      County-USC Medical Center over a 4 1/2 year period. There were 27 survivors. The
      principles of management were to operate without delay if there was evidence of
      continued bleeding after initial fluid replacement as occurred in 11 patients.
      For the 24 patients who became stable after initial resuscitation, a more
      deliberate plan of management was used. Blood pressure was carefully monitored
      and controlled to avoid hypertension. Priorities for associated injuries were
      established and in several cases, they took treatment precedence over the aortic
      injury. Delay was sometimes necessary to utilize the more experienced personnel.
      In no instance did a stabilized patient hemorrhage during the delay. The most
      common injury seen was a blunt disruption of the proximal descending aorta. The
      details of the operative technique for this injury have been reported herein,
      along with a justification for not using either pump bypass or shunt to perfuse
      the distal aorta during the period of aortic cross-clamping.

PMID- 4014565
TI  - Choledochal cysts: results of primary surgery and need for reoperation in young
      patients.
AB  - The UCLA Medical Center experience in the surgical treatment of 23 young patients
      with choledochal cysts over a 28 year period has been reviewed. All patients had
      saccular or fusiform extrahepatic cysts, and one patient also had a diverticular
      cyst. Eleven patients had no intrahepatic dilatation, whereas 9 had cylindrical
      and 3 cystic intrahepatic dilatation. There were 39 operations for biliary
      drainage performed: 17 Roux-Y choledochojejunostomies, 7
      choledochoduodenostomies, 7 excisions, and 8 miscellaneous procedures. The
      morbidity for initial operations was 17 percent and for reoperations, 31 percent.
      Biliary calculi were found after 2 of 23 primary operations (9 percent) and 6 of
      16 reoperations (37.5 percent). All developed while enteric drainage was present
      and were primary bile duct stones. No reoperation was necessary after cyst
      excision. An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma developed in one patient treated
      with enteric drainage. Three of 10 patients who did not undergo cholecystectomy
      at their initial operation later required laparotomy for cholecystectomy alone.
      We recommend cholecystectomy and cyst excision when technically feasible for
      primary operative treatment of choledochal cysts.

PMID- 4014566
TI  - Lumbar sympathectomy for lower extremity vasospasm.
AB  - Ten patients, 8 female and 2 male, with refractory episodic lower extremity
      vasospasm were encountered during a 15 year period in which over 600 patients
      with upper extremity vasospasm were studied. Seven patients had associated upper
      extremity vasospasm. No patient had evidence of autoimmune disease. Lower
      extremity reserpine Bier block produced symptomatic relief for 1 to 3 days in all
      patients in whom it was used. Oral medications were ineffectual. A diagnostic toe
      photoplethysmographic pattern was noted in these patients, consisting of a
      normally pulsatile tracing after warming and a flat, nonpulsatile or minimally
      pulsatile tracing after cooling. Each patient underwent lumbar sympathectomy.
      During follow-up, which averaged 4 years, each patient remained free of episodic
      vasospasm on the side of surgery. We conclude that lumbar sympathectomy is an
      effective and durable treatment for lower extremity vasospasm.

PMID- 4014567
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy in the awake patient.
AB  - The advantages of performing carotid endarterectomy in the awake patient have
      been presented based on a 13 year experience. Anesthesia consisted of either
      local infiltration of local lidocaine or regional neck block supplemented by
      intravenous sedation. The principal advantages of the technique are that it is
      the only exact method of assessing the need for an intraluminal shunt by
      neurologic assessment of the awake patient during trial carotid cross-clamping,
      and the elimination of general anesthesia allows carotid endarterectomy to be
      safely performed on patients with advanced inoperable coronary artery disease and
      in those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. One hundred consecutive
      carotid endarterectomies have been reported with one late death and one mild,
      permanent neurologic deficit. These results support the belief that carotid
      endarterectomy can be performed with very low morbidity and mortality rates by
      operating on the awake patient.

PMID- 4014568
TI  - Alkaline reflux gastritis and the effect of biliary diversion on gastric emptying
      of solid food.
AB  - We prospectively studied 15 consecutive patients treated for alkaline reflux
      gastritis to determine the gastric motility pattern associated with this disease
      and the effects of Roux-Y gastrojejunostomy on gastric emptying. Eleven patients
      had previous antrectomies (the Billroth I procedure in 4 and the Billroth II
      procedure in 7), and 4 had previous cholecystectomies. Gastric emptying was
      measured before and after Roux-Y reconstruction by computer analysis of data from
      a scintillation camera using technetium 99m tagged chicken liver mixed with beef
      stew. Gastric emptying was also measured in another 10 patients who had previous
      Roux-Y gastrojejunostomies and were thought from clinical findings to have
      gastroparesis. In the patients with alkaline gastritis, before surgery gastric
      emptying was normal in 25 percent, rapid in 45 percent, and delayed in 30
      percent. After Roux-Y reconstruction, the rate of gastric emptying increased in
      25 percent of patients, decreased in 45 percent, and did not change in 30
      percent. Gastric bezoars developed in half of the patients whose gastric emptying
      decreased after surgery. There were no technical features of the operations nor
      mechanical abnormalities of the reconstructions that characterized the patients
      whose gastric emptying slowed postoperatively. Forty percent of the patients
      studied only after Roux-Y reconstruction had rapid gastric emptying, 30 percent
      had normal gastric emptying, and 30 percent had delayed gastric emptying. These
      data show that patients with alkaline reflux gastritis do not have a single
      pattern of gastric emptying, and Roux-Y reconstruction has no consistent effect
      on gastric emptying.

PMID- 4014569
TI  - The surgeon and the cost of medical care.

PMID- 4014570
TI  - Value of therapeutic hyperthermic limb perfusion in advanced recurrent melanoma
      of the lower extremity.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with advanced melanoma metastases confined to the lower
      extremity underwent 28 therapeutic limb perfusions without a major complication
      or treatment-related death. A complete response to treatment occurred in 21
      patients (81 percent). Of 16 patients, response persisted until death in 13 and
      was noted at 75, 87, and 96 months follow-up in 3. In five patients, response
      lasted a median of 5 months (range 3 to 14 months), and repeat perfusion in two
      of these patients was not beneficial. Unfortunately, despite locoregional disease
      control, most patients died from distant metastases at a median of 15 months
      after treatment. In fact, regardless of response to perfusion, the 3 year
      survival rate of patients with advanced metastatic melanoma of the extremity was
      only 25 percent or less. Thus, although limb perfusion can be a safe and highly
      effective means of achieving locoregional disease control, there appears to be
      little survival benefit. Therefore, perfusion should be reserved for palliative
      treatment of selected patients with locally advanced melanoma.

PMID- 4014571
TI  - Aortic and peripheral prosthetic graft infection: differential management and
      causes of mortality.
AB  - This report of 25 patients with prosthetic graft infection has compared the
      diagnosis, management, and outcome in 14 patients with infected aortic grafts
      with 11 patients with infected peripheral grafts (two axillofemorofemoral, five
      femorofemoral, five femoropopliteal, and one femoral interposition). Peripheral
      graft infection had a significantly shorter interval to diagnosis compared with
      aortic graft infection. Total graft removal combined with either autogenous
      revascularization or extraanatomic bypass using prosthetic graft was performed in
      all 14 patients with infected aortic grafts. Management of peripheral graft
      infection consisted of total graft removal in eight patients (four with
      autogenous revascularization and two with amputation) and partial graft removal
      in three patients (two with amputation). Mortality and amputation rates for
      infected aortic grafts were 43 percent and 25 percent, respectively compared with
      36 percent and 27 percent for infected peripheral grafts. Recommendations for
      management of the infected aortic prosthetic graft include total graft removal,
      but methods and timing of revascularization are dependent on the specific
      features of the individual case. However, preferred management for the infected
      peripheral prosthetic graft includes total graft removal and, if indicated,
      revascularization using autogenous tissue.

PMID- 4014572
TI  - External carotid artery reconstruction: its role in the treatment of cerebral
      ischemia.
AB  - Twenty-one patients who underwent 22 external carotid artery reconstructions for
      cerebral ischemia were reviewed. Ten patients had amaurosis fugax, 9 had
      hemispheric ischemia, and 2 were asymptomatic. With the exception of one patient,
      all had ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion and either external carotid
      stenosis or a cul-de-sac of the occluded internal carotid artery. Six patients
      had ipsilateral common carotid occlusions. The operative technique has been
      presented. There were no operative strokes or new neurologic deficits. All
      patients were relieved of symptoms. Patients were followed a mean of 32 months.
      During follow-up, 3 ipsilateral transient ischemic attacks occurred during the
      first 3 months. Four strokes occurred (one ipsilateral and three contralateral)
      from 4 to 33 months postoperatively. Ipsilateral stroke rate by life table
      analysis was 1 percent per year. These data suggest that external carotid artery
      reconstruction is a safe, effective, and durable therapeutic alternative for
      management of patients with cerebral ischemia and an ipsilateral occluded
      internal carotid artery. External carotid endarterectomy eliminates a potential
      source of emboli and increases cerebral perfusion. Because of the increase in
      cerebral blood flow, subsequent extracranial-to-intracranial bypass may be
      unnecessary.

PMID- 4014573
TI  - Influence of age on mortality of colon surgery.
AB  - The geriatric population continues to grow and surgical decision making is often
      confused by the effect of aging. This study is part of an ongoing effort to
      determine surgical risk in the elderly population and to identify the significant
      factors affecting outcomes which could be used to plan surgical procedures.
      Records of 163 patients over 70 years of age with elective or emergency surgery
      (133 patients and 30 patients, respectively) were reviewed. There were 17 deaths.
      All deaths in a cohort of patients under 70 were examined as well. Ninety-five
      variables were explored to seek differences between groups. The patients who
      died, independent of age, were similar. Patients over 70 years of age who died
      differed from the survivors in many ways, both physiologically and in terms of
      disease state. Survivors were younger; did not have congestive heart failure; had
      better hepatic, renal, and pulmonary function; less extensive involvement if
      malignant disease was present; and fewer postoperative complications. If these
      factors were removed and only apparently normal physiologic characteristics
      considered, there were no differences in mortality between the patients over 70
      years of age and younger patients. Age was less of a factor than physiologic
      status.

PMID- 4014574
TI  - Aggressive approach to the extremity damaged by electric current.
AB  - Electrical current injuries involving the extremities occurred in 41 of 75
      patients with electrical burns admitted to the Oregon Burn Center over an 11 year
      period. Based solely on physical findings, the muscle compartments of 27 limbs in
      14 patients were promptly explored, decompressed, and debrided of necrotic tissue
      on admission. This resulted in the salvage of 10 useful extremities. Major
      amputation of 11 extremities was carried out during initial surgery. No extremity
      needing exploration was overlooked. After exploration and fasciotomy, exposed
      tissues were protected with biologic dressings until repeated explorations and
      debridements demonstrated the absence of necrotic tissues and closure could be
      accomplished. The use of both local and free flaps was helpful in closing the
      wounds. No evidence or renal failure and no deaths attributable to retained
      necrotic tissue occurred.

PMID- 4014575
TI  - Lung abscess: a changing pattern of the disease.
AB  - Alcoholic stupor with aspiration has been the most commonly recognized cause of
      lung abscess. Eighty-nine patients treated for lung abscess in a large community
      hospital from 1968 through 1982 have been described. Forty-six percent of these
      patients were 60 to 80 years of age. The most common predisposing factors
      included pneumonia, immunosuppression steroid therapy, carcinoma at a distant
      site, alcoholism, and lung cancer. Surgical therapy was employed in 23 patients
      when there was suspicion of cancer and failure to improve with medical
      management. Fifty-seven percent of patients were either cured or improved at the
      time of discharge. Twenty-nine percent died from other causes during
      hospitalization, and 9 percent died as a direct result of the abscess. Thus, the
      patients encountered in the community hospital setting tended to be older and had
      a wide variety of illnesses that precipitated the development of lung abscesses.

PMID- 4014576
TI  - Inner ear immunology.
AB  - Previously the authors proposed that the perilymphatic inner ear immune system is
      independent of that of the cerebrospinal fluid. In the present study, the effect
      of dilatation of blood vessels surrounding the cochlea of chinchillas on the
      transfer of serum antibodies to the perilymph was tested. The possibility of
      local production of antibodies in the perilymphatic space was also investigated
      by antigen introduction into the inner ear through the facial nerve canal. The
      dilatation of blood vessels accelerated the transfer of serum antibodies to the
      perilymph, even though this transfer activity was limited. Results of the study,
      showing the effect of antibody production in the perilymphatic space upon
      introduction of antigen into the inner ear through the facial nerve canal, would
      deny local antibody production in the inner ear, particularly in the
      perilymphatic space.

PMID- 4014577
TI  - Oxygen consumption of middle ear and peripheral blood neutrophils in acute
      suppurative otitis media.
AB  - Using an oxygen electrode, oxygen consumption has been measured in peripheral
      blood neutrophils and the corresponding middle ear fluid neutrophils of 26
      patients with acute suppurative otitis media. The data suggest that the middle
      ear fluid neutrophil is functional and is capable of producing an adequate oxygen
      burst in response to membrane stimulation by opsonized zymosan particles. Some
      middle ear neutrophils are actually capable of producing a greater respiratory
      burst than their counterparts in the peripheral blood. However, middle ear
      neutrophils do not show the increased metabolic activity at 40 degrees C, which
      blood neutrophils regularly displayed compared with tests performed at 37 degrees
      C. It is believed that this temperature (40 degrees C) is more physiological
      during infection and might explain why middle ear neutrophils may not always be
      capable of destroying bacteria, even though they are present in adequate numbers
      in the middle ear fluid in some cases of acute suppurative otitis media. Further
      studies are needed to determine the nature of the defect(s) present in middle ear
      neutrophil at 40 degrees C.

PMID- 4014578
TI  - Color electromyographic topographic analysis of facial movements.
AB  - To determine the precise amount of facial function present in patients with
      facial palsy, color electromyographic (EMG) topograms of the facial movements
      were made using a computerized system, newly designed and manufactured by the
      authors. During mimetic movements, such as wrinkling the forehead, closing the
      eyes, blinking, grinning, and blowing out the cheeks, EMGs from 16 monopolar disk
      electrodes were concurrently recorded from the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, and
      orbicularis oris muscles on both sides. The amplitude values of the integrated
      EMG spikes from each electrode were calculated by an interpolation formula in the
      computer, and the color topographic figures derived from these calculations were
      displayed on a ten-color computer monitor. The colors ranged from blue to dark
      red, and they were related to the amount of muscular activity. This technique was
      applied to patients with facial palsy to document their degree of mimetic
      movement loss and the time course of the palsy evolution. The results obtained
      were reliable and reproducible, and the technique made it easy to quantify the
      loss of mimetic movements in patients with facial palsy.

PMID- 4014579
TI  - The eustachian tube midportion in infants.
AB  - The eustachian tube midportion in infants and children was measured in 44
      eustachian tubes from normal temporal bones and 11 eustachian tubes from temporal
      bones harboring acute otitis media. The temporal bones were serially sectioned,
      and the lumina of the eustachian tubes' midportions were measured with the aid of
      a grid mounted on a microscope. These measurements showed that the eustachian
      tube lumen grows to a small degree with age. Each age group showed a considerable
      variation in the range of the luminal area compatible with natural biologic
      distribution. No statistically significant difference was found in the sizes of
      the midportions of the eustachian tube lumina from temporal bones that harbored
      acute otitis media when compared with the lumina of the eustachian tube
      midportions from normal ears.

PMID- 4014580
TI  - Pupillary dynamics in patients with Meniere's disease.
AB  - A newly devised pupillograph that can record the pupillary responses of both eyes
      simultaneously in a supine subject is described. Three patients with Meniere's
      disease in the attack and quasiattack stages showed a similar abnormality of
      pupillary light contraction on the affected side, compared with the unaffected
      side, that disappeared in the interval stage. These results are discussed in
      regard to the possible cause of Meniere's disease.

PMID- 4014581
TI  - Norepinephrine in cochlear microcirculation of guinea pigs.
AB  - The blood flow in the radiating arteriole through a small cochlear fenestra was
      recorded with motion pictures in anesthetized guinea pigs, before and after
      norepinephrine injection into the ipsilateral carotid artery. The flow velocity
      was determined by measuring the displacement of plasma space running through the
      radiating arteriole per second. Norepinephrine injection of 0.01 and 0.15 mg/kg
      increased both flow velocity and arterial blood pressure. The flow velocity
      increase related directly to the increase in arterial blood pressure. However, a
      larger norepinephrine dose (1.2 and 2.5 mg/kg) led to transient cessation in
      flow, which was independent of the blood pressure increase. Dilatation of vessel
      diameter was always observed with the rise in blood pressure, irrespective of
      norepinephrine doses. When blood flow in the radiating arteriole stopped after a
      large norepinephrine injection, the arteriole's vascular lumen was completely
      obstructed by the aggregated red blood cells. These results suggested that
      cochlear microcirculation is disturbed by microemboli formed by norepinephrine
      induced platelet hyperaggregation.

PMID- 4014582
TI  - Prevention and cure of some effects of auditory deprivation.

PMID- 4014583
TI  - Tympanic membrane changes resulting from different methods of transmyringeal
      middle ear ventilation.
AB  - This experimental study was designed to evaluate the morphologic changes of the
      tympanic membrane in the rat after different methods of transmyringeal
      ventilation. Artificial ventilation was obtained in two principal ways, either by
      making tympanic membrane perforations with delayed healing or by inserting a
      tympanostomy tube. Perforations occupying the upper rear quadrant of the tympanic
      membrane were made by diathermy or by a carbon dioxide laser with healing times
      of 12 to 15 days and 18 to 21 days, respectively. Compared with the healing times
      of perforations made by lancet (9 to 11 days), the healing pattern was
      considerably delayed. The structural changes of the healed tympanic membrane were
      minimal, but the connective tissue remained thickened for several months.
      Repeated insertion of tympanostomy tubes caused a remarkable thickening (30-fold)
      of the tubulated quadrants. The thickened tympanic membranes were characterized
      by a hyperplastic, dense connective tissue containing sclerotic plaques. Similar
      changes, though less pronounced, were also seen after reiterated myringotomies
      without tube insertion.

PMID- 4014584
TI  - [Clinical thinking in modern obstetrics. I. The gnoseological clinical aspect].

PMID- 4014585
TI  - [Concentration of magnesium and calcium electrolytes in the last trimester of
      normal pregnancy and in fetal hypotrophy].

PMID- 4014586
TI  - [Our treatment experience in late pregnancy toxicoses using bed rest].

PMID- 4014587
TI  - [Our treatment experience in premature labor using bed rest].

PMID- 4014588
TI  - [Dexamethasone induction and preparation for labor in prolonged pregnancy].

PMID- 4014589
TI  - [Dynamic changes in the mean values of systolic blood pressure during tocolysis
      with the beta-adrenomimetic Pre-par].

PMID- 4014590
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of inhalation anesthetics in cesarean section].

PMID- 4014591
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes during epidural anesthesia for cesarean section].

PMID- 4014592
TI  - [Treatment of hormonal sterility in the family].

PMID- 4014593
TI  - [Characteristics of bacterial infection in chronic nonspecific epididymitis].

PMID- 4014594
TI  - [Our cerclage method in congenital uterine anomalies].

PMID- 4014595
TI  - [A rare case of combined uterine and extrauterine pregnancy and the birth of live
      and viable fetuses].

PMID- 4014596
TI  - [Case of posthemorrhagic nonhemolytic anemia in a newborn infant].

PMID- 4014597
TI  - [A rarely encountered formation simulating an ovarian tumor].

PMID- 4014598
TI  - [Thyroid functional characteristics in normal pregnancy].

PMID- 4014599
TI  - [Passive smoking among pregnant women and its effect on the weight and growth of
      the newborn infant].

PMID- 4014600
TI  - [Monitoring changes in the reactivity of the premature fetus during tocolysis
      with the beta-adrenomimetics Partusisten and Pre-par].

PMID- 4014601
TI  - [Spontaneous delivery of a live giant fetus weighing 6750 g].

PMID- 4014602
TI  - [Etiology of a clavicular fracture due to the birth process].

PMID- 4014603
TI  - [Anesthesia of labor by epidural analgesia. I. The effect and impact on the
      mother and labor activity].

PMID- 4014604
TI  - [Anesthesia induction in cesarean section. A comparison of thiopental with
      althesin].

PMID- 4014605
TI  - [Beta therapy in treating leukoplakia vulvae].

PMID- 4014606
TI  - [Rupture of an ovarian cyst during the puerperium--its diagnosis and management].

PMID- 4014607
TI  - Diagnosis of atypical patients with lipid storage diseases.

PMID- 4014608
TI  - Practical problems of therapeutic drug monitoring of anticonvulsants.

PMID- 4014609
TI  - Proceedings of the 26th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Child
      Neurology. Osaka, June 21-23, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 4014610
TI  - [Bronchoalveolar lavage as a diagnostic method in intensive therapy].
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage is presented as a standardised diagnostic method in the
      clarification of interstitial pulmonary changes in the acute respiratory distress
      syndrome (ARDS). Its justification is based on the fact that changes in lung
      biopsies are reflected by early changes in the composition of the rinse and in
      the ability of the cellular components to function properly, independent of the
      origin of the immunological processes in ARDS. Pulmonary function is not
      adversely affected by the procedure provided it is carried out "lege artis". We
      hope that it will be possible in future to achieve early detection of a
      developing progressive failure of pulmonary function, by employing early markers.
      The procedure also allows continual follow-up of the success of an initiated
      therapy.

PMID- 4014611
TI  - [Animal experiment studies on the hemodynamic effect of adrenaline following
      intravenous and endobronchial administration].
AB  - The objective of this study was to find a dosage of endobronchially administered
      epinephrine with haemodynamic effects comparable to those after intravenous
      injection and therefore useful in cardiopulmonary resuscitation without an
      intravenous line. We found that 100 micrograms/kg epinephrine given
      endobronchially was almost as effective as an intravenous dose of 10
      micrograms/kg concerning onset (10 seconds after intravenous injection, 15
      seconds after endobronchial instillation) and maximum drug effect but with a
      remarkable prolongation of drug action. The instillation of 250 micrograms/kg
      epinephrine produced no significant increase in haemodynamic response. It was
      concluded, that the endobronchial instillation of epinephrine--in adequate dosage
      -is very useful in CPR without an intravenous line.

PMID- 4014612
TI  - [The situation on relatives in the intensive care unit].
AB  - Up to now there are almost no investigations on the situation of relatives of ICU
      patients. Therefore a study was designed into the impressions left on relatives
      by intensive care treatment in their next of kin. A questionnaire including 46
      items was developed which mainly refers to the following topics: first contact
      with the ICU, experience with the situation in the ICU, information given on the
      patient's state, psychosocial assistance, evaluation of experiences made in the
      ICU. The questionnaire was sent to 210 relatives of former long-term intensive
      care patients; 57 completed forms could be evaluated. It can be demonstrated that
      the first contact with the ICU is characterised by the concern for the patient's
      actual state of disease so that previous information about the ICU and on the
      patient's condition are considered helpful. The contact with the intensive care
      patient seems to be most impressive for all relatives. It creates feelings of
      uneasiness, compassion and despair. The relatives of moribund patients
      additionally show feelings of mourning. The request for information mainly refers
      to the patient's present state. The technical equipment of the ICU represents a
      reassuring factor to most of the relatives; likewise the smallest number of them
      feels disturbed by witnessing therapeutical measures. The relation to the medical
      and nursing staff is described as positive, especially by relatives of surviving
      patients. In retrospect the relatives--like the former ICU patients--hold a
      positive view of the intensive care unit. The reasons are discussed.

PMID- 4014613
TI  - Local and regional anaesthesia in children.

PMID- 4014614
TI  - Sciatic nerve block for children. Sciatic nerve block by the anterior approach
      for postoperative pain relief.
AB  - This study aimed to establish whether it was practical to perform sciatic nerve
      block by the anterior approach in a group of children of different ages and
      weights. A total of 82 blocks were performed of which 78 (95.2%) were judged to
      have been successful. The technique of the block differed slightly from that used
      in adult practice, in that great reliance was placed on the loss of resistance
      felt as the needle point passed through the thigh muscles into the sciatic
      neurovascular compartment. There were no immediate or late complications
      associated with this block in any of the patients. It is concluded that the block
      is easy to perform and can produce reliable postoperative analgesia for most
      common operations on the foot and ankle in paediatric practice.

PMID- 4014615
TI  - Nitrous oxide solubility in halothane and its effect on the output of vaporizers.
AB  - The absorption of nitrous oxide in halothane was studied by bubbling nitrous
      oxide and nitrous oxide/oxygen gas mixtures through a halothane bottle, using
      100% oxygen as a control. The gas volume emerging from the halothane bottle was
      measured each minute, over a period of up to 15 minutes. When oxygen was used as
      a control gas, the averaged flow rate dropped slightly over the experimental
      period, due to the cooling of the halothane. However, in the presence of nitrous
      oxide, the initial flow rate of the gas emerging from the halothane bottle was
      greatly diminished, but then accelerated rapidly to reach that obtained with
      oxygen. The results suggested that nitrous oxide dissolved in large quantities in
      halothane, and the data are consistent with an Ostwald coefficient in excess of
      4.0.

PMID- 4014616
TI  - Some predisposing factors to hypersensitivity reactions following first exposure
      to Althesin.
AB  - Three possible factors predisposing to Althesin hypersensitivity, namely total
      dose, method of administration, either by bolus dose or infusion, and pregnancy
      have been studied in patients receiving the drug for the first time. Of 137
      patients given Althesin, four exhibited clinical signs of mild hypersensitivity,
      while C3 conversion alone, indicative of a subclinical reaction, was seen in a
      further six patients. No reactions were observed in two control groups in whom
      anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone. Neither the total dose nor method of
      administration appeared consistently to influence the incidence of reactions, but
      eight of the ten patients producing an altered response to Althesin were
      pregnant.

PMID- 4014617
TI  - Self-administered isoflurane in labour. A comparative study with Entonox.
AB  - Entonox (50% nitrous oxide in oxygen) and isoflurane (0.75% in oxygen) were
      compared as analgesics in the first stage of labour in 32 consenting women. The
      drugs were self-administered and given in random sequence, each during five
      consecutive uterine contractions. Each patient acted as her own control. Linear
      analogue pain scores were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) with isoflurane
      than with Entonox, but scores for drowsiness were higher for isoflurane. Further
      study is needed to assess the effects of more prolonged use of isoflurane in
      labour.

PMID- 4014618
TI  - Plasma bupivacaine levels associated with extradural anaesthesia for caesarean
      section.
AB  - Plasma bupivacaine levels were measured in 47 women undergoing extradural
      Caesarean delivery. They were divided into four groups according to the following
      dose regimens using 0.5% bupivacaine. Group A were given a bolus of 20 ml with
      increment after 20 minutes. Groups B and C were given 10 ml initially with
      further increments if required at 10 minutes (group B) and 20 minutes (group C);
      Group D consisted of patients who had an extradural block extended for emergency
      Caesarean delivery. In the elective groups the highest and most rapidly achieved
      values were associated with group A and the lowest levels found in group C. The
      highest levels of all were found in the emergency group. The investigation
      indicates that slow controlled induction of extradural anaesthesia for Caesarean
      section greatly reduces the risk of local anaesthetic toxicity.

PMID- 4014619
TI  - Cardiovascular and cerebral complications during glossopharyngeal nerve
      thermocoagulation.
AB  - The cardiovascular and cerebral complications observed during percutaneous
      radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve are described. The
      value of such symptoms in anticipating a lesion of the vagus nerve is discussed.

PMID- 4014620
TI  - Effect of premedication with controlled-release oral morphine on postoperative
      pain. A comparison with intramuscular morphine.
AB  - Thirty fit patients presenting for elective total hip replacement were randomly
      allocated to receive a premedication of 60 or 90 mg controlled-release oral
      morphine or 15 mg intramuscular morphine. Postoperative analgesia was assessed
      using on-demand intravenous pethidine supplementation requirements. In 15
      patients free plasma morphine concentrations were measured. Both 60 and 90 mg
      controlled-release oral morphine led to a reduced pethidine requirement compared
      to the intramuscular group but the reduction was not statistically different.

PMID- 4014621
TI  - Tracheal tube cuff pressures. The effects of different gas mixtures.
AB  - Changes in cuff pressure and volume of tracheal tubes were studied in 60 patients
      undergoing lower abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia with nitrous oxide
      and oxygen as the anaesthetic gas mixture. The cuffs were inflated with either
      anaesthetic gas mixture or air. Three different brands of tubes were used. The
      pressure in the air filled cuffs increased steadily throughout the procedure and
      reached level high enough to impede microcirculation in the tracheal mucosa
      within one hour. We conclude that filling the cuff with anaesthetic gas mixture
      is a simple and reliable way to achieve stable cuff pressure during anaesthesia.

PMID- 4014622
TI  - Anaesthetic experience with percutaneous lithotripsy. A review of potential and
      actual complications.
AB  - Percutaneous lithotripsy has evolved over the last several years as a procedure
      for removing renal calculi via percutaneous puncture of the renal collecting
      system. This article reviews our initial anaesthetic experience with 48
      procedures and identifies both actual and potential complications. The most
      significant complication identified is instillation of large volumes of
      irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneal space. Two cases of metabolic acidosis
      and abdominal distension are presented. One responded to treatment while the
      other progressed to a fatal disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.
      Recommendations to prevent this are given.

PMID- 4014623
TI  - Isolated intrapulmonary haemorrhage. An unusual complication of internal jugular
      vein cannulation.
AB  - A case of intrapulmonary haemorrhage following internal jugular vein cannulation
      is described and the subsequent treatment outlined. A cautionary note is
      expressed, especially when the procedure is performed in obese, thick-set
      individuals with chronic lung disease.

PMID- 4014624
TI  - Automatic blood pressure monitors. A clinical evaluation of five models in
      adults.
AB  - Five automatic blood pressure monitors were evaluated by comparing their values
      with almost simultaneous blood pressure readings from radial artery catheters. A
      total of 583 comparisons were made on 48 patients. Statistical analysis was
      performed on the pooled comparisons of systolic and diastolic pressure for each
      monitor. Agreement between the pressure measurements was variable between both
      patients and machines. For systolic pressure, two machines (Copal and Sentron)
      had correlation coefficients of over 0.9 while for the other machines (Dinamap
      845XT, Narco and Vitastat 9001S) the values lay between 0.7 and 0.8. The steepest
      regression lines were also found with the Copal (0.93) and Sentron (0.86) data,
      but the other machines had considerably flatter slopes (0.55 to 0.67). The
      intercepts on the Y axes ranged from +14.1 (Copa) to +50.1 (Dinamap). In clinical
      use, popularity of the different machines reflected the degree to which the
      machine reproduced the behaviour of the direct pressure measurement.

PMID- 4014625
TI  - Hard questions in intensive care. A moralist answers questions put to him at a
      meeting of the Intensive Care Society, Autumn, 1984.

PMID- 4014626
TI  - Systemic absorption of lignocaine ointment from tracheal tubes.
AB  - Arterial plasma concentrations of lignocaine were studied in fifteen adult
      patients following insertion of a tracheal tube whose cuff area was smeared with
      5% lignocaine ointment. Twelve patients had 2 ml of ointment (114 mg) and samples
      were taken every 5 minutes until 30 minutes and in eight of the 12 patients at
      40, 50 and 60 minutes after insertion and inflation of the tracheal tube and
      cuff. Three patients had 1 ml of ointment on the tube and were studied over 60
      minutes. Plasma concentrations were determined using gas liquid chromatography.
      In the 2 ml lignocaine group mean plasma lignocaine levels were 1.9 (SD 0.9)
      micrograms/ml at 10 minutes, 2.3 (SD 0.8) micrograms/ml at 20 minutes, 2.3 (SD
      0.8) micrograms/ml at 30 minutes and 1.7 (SD 1.0) micrograms/ml at 60 minutes.
      After 1 ml of lignocaine, levels were 1.2 (SD 0.1) micrograms/ml at 10 minutes,
      1.1 (SD 0.7) micrograms/ml at 20 minutes, 0.8 (SD 0.3) micrograms/ml at 30
      minutes and 0.75 (SD 0.1) micrograms/ml at 60 minutes.

PMID- 4014627
TI  - A resuscitation box for every anaesthetist?
AB  - The results are reported of a questionnaire which asks whether or not
      anaesthetists routinely carry any resuscitation equipment in their cars. A small,
      simple resuscitation box is described which is adequate for the majority of life
      threatening situations.

PMID- 4014628
TI  - Failure of magnesium sulphate to prevent suxamethonium induced muscle pains.
AB  - In fit unpremedicated patients undergoing minor operations and who were ambulant
      on the afternoon of the operations, pretreatment with magnesium sulphate given
      intravenously did not reduce the incidence of suxamethonium induced myalgia below
      that in a similar series who received no prophylactic therapy. The injection of
      magnesium in conscious patients is followed by unpleasant side effects.

PMID- 4014629
TI  - Meptazinol as an analgesic adjunct to total intravenous anaesthesia in cystoscopy
      patients.
AB  - Sixty-four unpremedicated patients undergoing cystoscopy received either
      intravenous meptazinol 2 mg/kg or saline in equivalent volume in a randomised,
      double-blind manner immediately before induction of anaesthesia with Althesin.
      Inclusion of meptazinol reduced the total dose of anaesthetic required, allowed a
      more rapid recovery and was associated with less movement in response to surgery.
      The patients in the control group tended to hyperventilate, and had lower end
      tidal CO2 tension (p less than 0.001), and also higher pulse rates during surgery
      (p less than 0.01) than the meptazinol group. However, the patients who received
      meptazinol had a more frequent incidence of complications during induction and
      recovery (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 4014630
TI  - Entonox hazard.

PMID- 4014631
TI  - Peri-operative plasma glucose in children.

PMID- 4014632
TI  - Ergometrine and death from acid aspiration.

PMID- 4014633
TI  - Epidural analgesia: a valuable precaution.

PMID- 4014634
TI  - Delayed cardiorespiratory depression following nalbuphine administration.

PMID- 4014635
TI  - The glass bead game.

PMID- 4014636
TI  - A comparison of different concentrations of lignocaine hydrochloride used for
      topical anaesthesia of the larynx of the cat.
AB  - Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made from the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
      (cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid) and the diaphragm of the cat to compare the effect
      of the same dose of different concentrations of lignocaine hydrocholoride applied
      topically to the laryngeal mucosa. All concentrations of lignocaine hydrochloride
      tested, two, five and ten per cent, produced desensitisation of the larynx, as
      demonstrated by a loss of response of the crocothyroid and thyroarytenoid to
      mechanical stimulation of the mucosa. Desensitisation was produced in a mean of
      1.80 minutes in the thirty experiments performed. Return of baseline response
      took significantly longer when 5 or 10% lignocaine was used compared with that
      when 2% was used (p less than 0.05). The usefulness of lignocaine hydrochloride
      as a topical anaesthetic for the larynx is reviewed.

PMID- 4014637
TI  - Pacemaker reversion for suspected supraventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Overdrive atrial pacing was employed in twelve patients with suspected
      supraventricular tachycardia resistant to drug therapy. Eleven of these patients
      reverted to sinus rhythm with pacing either immediately or after a short episode
      of atrial fibrillation. In one patient, recordings from the atrial electrode
      indicated that a broad complex tachycardia was of ventricular rather than
      supraventricular origin. No complications were encountered and the procedure was
      well tolerated in all. Overdrive pacing is suggested as a safe alternative to DC
      cardioversion in drug-resistant supraventricular tachycardia, particularly in the
      presence of digitalis, in the elderly and in patients with chronic lung disease.

PMID- 4014638
TI  - Implications for vigilance of a method for evaluating patterns of change in heart
      rate during anaesthesia.
AB  - Instantaneous heart rate was recorded in five patients and analysed for change in
      rate using the criterion of percentage variation either side of the starting rate
      with resetting throughout the anaesthetic each time the permitted variation was
      exceeded. The number of occasions on which change occurred was counted, the
      patterns of change were analysed and the effect of two sampling methods (six
      second sample and six-second average) on these patterns was compared. A large
      number of patients (131) was investigated using the six-second sampling method
      and the number of changes and patterns of change were evaluated. It is suggested
      that the six-second sampling technique, combined with the 10 or 15% variation,
      may be useful for the evaluation of vigilance, and has implications for the
      design of monitoring apparatus in the future.

PMID- 4014639
TI  - A comparison of continuous flush devices.
AB  - Six different makes of continuous flush device were compared for reliability of
      flow rate and ease of use. All of the devices tested were considered suitable for
      flushing of vascular pressure monitoring catheters. However, flow rates were
      considered too variable for control of drug infusions or flushing of intracranial
      pressure monitoring systems.

PMID- 4014640
TI  - An overhead heater for use in infant anaesthesia.

PMID- 4014641
TI  - Interpretation and critical appraisal of journal articles.

PMID- 4014643
TI  - Spinal anaesthesia in obstetrics.

PMID- 4014642
TI  - Rhabdomyolytic renal failure and suxamethonium.

PMID- 4014644
TI  - Atropine and caesarean section.

PMID- 4014645
TI  - Management of chest injuries.

PMID- 4014646
TI  - The management of acute haemorrhage.

PMID- 4014647
TI  - Accidental dural puncture.

PMID- 4014648
TI  - Amitriptyline and ephedrine in subarachnoid anaesthesia.

PMID- 4014649
TI  - Mouth to mask ventilation.

PMID- 4014651
TI  - Scavenging misconnection.

PMID- 4014650
TI  - Multiple uses for a new 'T' piece.

PMID- 4014652
TI  - Oxygen supply at risk.

PMID- 4014653
TI  - Analysis of the calcium-dependent interaction of calmodulin with bovine serum
      albumin.
AB  - An air-driven ultracentrifuge has been used to investigate the calcium-dependent
      association between calmodulin and bovine serum albumin. Procedures were
      described which allowed the interaction to be analyzed to yield the equilibrium
      constant. At low ionic strength (25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, pCa 6.68, 9 degrees C)
      the equilibrium constant for the interaction was estimated to be 2.1 X 10(4) M-1,
      while at high ionic strength (25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 150 mM KCl, pCa 6.68, 9
      degrees C) the value was 4.5 X 10(3) M-1. Under similar conditions, calmodulin
      was also found to interact with beta-lactoglobulin A and gelatin, but no
      detectable association was observed with ovalbumin.

PMID- 4014654
TI  - Anaerobic multiphasic gel electrophoresis of the molybdoproteins in extracts of
      Clostridium pasteurianum.
AB  - Simple procedures using multiphasic buffer systems for anaerobic electrophoresis
      have been devised to identify oxygen-labile metalloproteins. An anaerobic slab
      gel apparatus was developed with cooling and design for anaerobic conditions.
      Included is a procedure to remove sample wells after stacking proteins in a crude
      extract, to prevent streaking (background) caused by continuous leakage of
      "nonstacked protein" from the sample wells. Identification of eleven Mo zones in
      extracts of Clostridium pasteurianum demonstrates the usefulness of the technique
      in identifying radiolabeled oxygen-labile proteins in cell-free crude lysates.

PMID- 4014655
TI  - Determination of inorganic phosphate with molybdate and Triton X-100 without
      reduction.
AB  - A new colorimetric procedure is described for inorganic phosphate determination
      using the color reaction between inorganic phosphate and acidified ammonium
      molybdate in the presence of Triton X-100. The method is simple and specific, and
      produces results comparable with those of the widely used method of Fiske
      Subbarow [C. H. Fiske and Y. Subbarow (1925) J. Biol. Chem. 66, 375]. The
      linearity of the standard curve is observed up to an absorbance of 0.410,
      compared to 0.370 in the Fiske-Subbarow method. Trichloroacetic acid and tungstic
      acid are found to interfere in the assay. However, the method is not disturbed by
      nonionic detergents and can therefore be used for the determination of inorganic
      phosphate contaminated with nonionic detergents.

PMID- 4014656
TI  - Small sucrose density gradients: reproducible and automatic fractionation using a
      commercial fraction collector (Pharmacia).
AB  - A simple, inexpensive modification of a programmable commercial fraction
      collector (Frac 100; Pharmacia, Sweden) was described. This modification allowed
      reproducible automatic fractionation of small sucrose gradients by rinsing the
      hanging drop at the delivery head of the fraction collector into the sampling
      tube, using signals from the fraction collector to control this specialized
      function. The described principle may also be useful whenever fraction size is
      near to drop volume and high resolution and reproducibility are desired.

PMID- 4014657
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of metabolites of the nicotine
      derived nitrosamines, N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3
      pyridyl)-1-butanone.
AB  - An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic system was developed for
      separation of 11 metabolites of the nicotine-derived nitrosamines N'
      nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
      (NNK). The new system employed a 5-microns octadecylsilane bonded column eluted
      with aqueous sodium acetate-methanol gradients of varying pH. Analysis times were
      typically 30 min for NNN metabolites and 50 min for NNK metabolites, compared to
      80 and 90 min, respectively, when 10-microns columns were used. The E and Z
      isomers of all nitrosamine-containing metabolites of NNK were separated. The
      chromatographic behavior of the 11 metabolites as well as NNN and NNK was studied
      between pH 4.0 and 7.5. The retention times of several metabolites were altered
      significantly as a function of pH. The results of the pH study provide valuable
      additional criteria for metabolite identification as well as optimized conditions
      for their separation. Applications of the system to the metabolism of [2'-14C]NNN
      in cultured rat esophagus and [carbonyl-14C]NNK in rat liver slices are
      presented.

PMID- 4014658
TI  - Microquantitative analysis of neutral and amino sugars as fluorescent
      pyridylamino derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method for the quantitation of picomole amounts of neutral and amino sugars in
      glycoconjugates was developed. Glycoconjugates were hydrolyzed with a mixture of
      equal amounts of 4 M trifluoroacetic acid and 4 M hydrochloric acid, and the free
      amino groups were acetylated. Sugars were coupled with 2-aminopyridine. After the
      excess reagents were removed by gel-permeation high-performance liquid
      chromatography, the fluorescent pyridylamino derivatives of sugars were separated
      and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase
      column. This method allowed the determination of 0.01-10 nmol of sugars. About
      100 pmol of several glycoconjugates were analyzed by the present method, with
      satisfactory results.

PMID- 4014659
TI  - Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of juvenile hormone released by
      insect corpora allata.
AB  - Corpora allata incubated in appropriate medium release several compounds
      including juvenile hormones. Juvenile hormones (14C labeled or unlabeled) were
      extracted with hexane and directly analyzed by gas chromatography-mass
      spectroscopy. This method allowed the qualitative and quantitative analysis of
      total released juvenile hormone. It could also be used as a routine assay for
      evaluation of corpus allatum activity. Data obtained by this method were compared
      to those obtained by radiochemical assay.

PMID- 4014660
TI  - A method for quantitative analysis of ratios of types I and II collagen in small
      samples of articular cartilage.
AB  - Currently available methods for quantitative analysis of type II collagen in
      studies of articular cartilage repair either require much larger samples than are
      available or are inaccurate and unreliable. A method of determining the
      percentage of type II collagen in small samples of articular cartilage (100 to
      200 micrograms) by measuring the spectrophotometric densities of specific
      cyanogen bromide peptide bands from mixtures of types I and II collagen on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels has been developed and found to be accurate
      and very reliable. The ratio of the area under the alpha 1(II)CB10 peak to the
      area under the alpha 1(I)CB7,8 + alpha 1(II)CB11 peak was function of the
      proportion of type II collagen in the sample. Since the ratio was independent of
      the quantity of sample loaded onto the gel, it was not affected by moderate
      losses of sample. This method should therefore be useful in the fields of
      collagen research and particularly valuable to those investigating the repair and
      regeneration of articular cartilage.

PMID- 4014661
TI  - Oxygen consumption of mammalian myocardial cells in culture: measurements in
      beating cells attached to the substrate of the culture dish.
AB  - A Lucite attachment which permitted the measurement of oxygen consumption in
      cells in culture without manipulating the cells was constructed. The attachment
      fit over commercially available dishes for cell culture and had an oxygen
      electrode built into it. Oxygen uptake of cells in culture was thus measured.
      Cells were attached to the substrate of the culture dish during the measurements
      and could be observed in an inverted phase microscope. Cells did not show any
      morphological changes, e.g., cell shapes or beating rate in case of myocardial
      cells, before and after the measurements of oxygen consumption. Using this method
      the rate of oxygen consumption was determined in rat myocardial and heart non
      muscle cells in culture and also in HeLa and L6 cell lines. Myocardial cells in
      culture had an approximately four times higher rate of oxygen uptake compared
      with heart non-muscle, HeLa, and L6 cells. The oxygen uptake of beating
      myocardial cells was higher by about 50% compared with quiescent myocardial
      cells.

PMID- 4014662
TI  - Coupling of peptides to protein carriers by mixed anhydride procedure.
AB  - Carboxyl groups of succinylated bovine serum albumin were activated by
      isobutylchloroformate in dimethylformamide solution. Subsequent reaction of the
      mixed anhydride with amino groups of the added peptide provided rapid and
      efficient coupling of peptide to protein. For different peptides the yield of
      coupling was equal to 40-100%. These values corresponded to 20-50 mol peptide
      bound/mol protein. Immunization of rabbits with these conjugates produced
      antisera to peptides with titers of 1:1000-1:3000 (estimated by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay).

PMID- 4014663
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatography of neutral oligosaccharides: effects of
      structural parameters.
AB  - Sixty-five neutral oligosaccharides were analyzed by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography on an amine-modified silica column (Lichrosorb-NH2). By systematic
      comparison of the retention times, it was possible to attribute chromatographic
      behavior to specific structural features. It appeared that retention times
      increase with the number of sugar residues. The presence of a fucose or an N
      acetylglucosamine residue results in a decreased retention time, in particular
      when the latter sugar is at the reducing end. A dramatic increase in retention
      time is shown by oligosaccharides having a 1----6 linkage, regardless of whether
      this linkage is involved in a branch. Less important features are the nature of
      the component sugars other than N-acetylglucosamine and fucose, the anomeric
      configuration of the sugars, and the presence of a reduced terminal sugar.

PMID- 4014664
TI  - Treatment of dialysis membranes for simultaneous dialysis and concentration.
AB  - Dialysis membranes used for simultaneous dialysis-concentration required
      pretreatment to remove uv-absorbing compounds leached from the membranes and to
      reduce the absorption of protein to the membranes. This was accomplished with
      sodium carbonate and ethanol or with "sulfur-removal solutions." Protein
      determinations were made with a micro-Bradford protein reaction and with uv
      absorbance at 280 nm. Soluble membrane components contributed to aberrant uv
      spectra and altered the ratio of 280/260-nm absorbance. Simultaneous dialysis and
      concentration in the micro protein dialyzer-concentrator apparatus, combining
      aspects of thin-layer dialysis and ultrafiltration, resulted in rapid removal of
      salts from the protein solutions. Prior treatment of membranes reduced
      uncertainties in retentate recoveries, eliminated uv-absorbing components of
      membranes, and improved recoveries of protein.

PMID- 4014665
TI  - Isolation of enzymes from polyacrylamide disk gels by a centrifugal
      homogenization method.
AB  - A sliced segment of polyacrylamide gel was quickly homogenized without any loss
      of gel pieces. The gel segment was placed on a disposable pipet tip, which was
      packed with a small amount of lumped copper wires and held in a microfuge tube.
      The gel was homogenized by centrifugation for 15 s at 15,000 g at 0 to 4 degrees
      C. Almost 70% of endodextranase activity could be recovered from homogenized gel
      within 30 min at 4 degrees C, whereas only 20% of activity was eluted from gel
      slices. If necessary, copper wire could be replaced by fine stainless-steel wire
      or by the nylon string used in fishing lines. Proteins could also be recovered
      from the homogenized gel by charging electric current for 1 h at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 4014666
TI  - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of isotopic enrichment of 6
      15NH2 in adenine nucleotides.
AB  - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of isotopic
      abundance in [6-15NH2]adenine nucleotides is described. The method involves
      formation of the di-t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivative of adenine following
      isolation of the nucleotide fraction with solid-phase ion-exchange chromatography
      and subsequent acid hydrolysis of nucleotides to free base. Mass spectra for both
      adenine-diTBDMS and [6-15NH2]adenine-diTBDMS were obtained to identify those ions
      containing the 6-NH2 moiety. The base peak (m/z 306) was formed by loss of C4H9
      (57) and constitutes approximately one-third of the total ion current. Using
      selected ion monitoring of the m/z 306/m/z 307 ratio, levels of isotopic
      abundance of 1.0-50.0 mol% excess could be measured reproducibly with the
      injection of 10-20 pmol of the adenine-diTBDMS derivative obtained from isolated
      rat hepatocytes. Confirmation that measured isotopic abundance was referable to
      labeling of the 6-15NH2 group was obtained by oxidation of adenine to
      hypoxanthine and determination of enrichment in the hypoxanthine-diTBDMS
      derivative. The method was used to study the formation of [6-15NH2]adenine
      nucleotides during the incubation of isolated rat hepatocytes with [15N]alanine.
      A level of approximately 6.0 mol% excess was observed at 60 min incubation.

PMID- 4014667
TI  - A spectrophotometric resin competition procedure to determine dissociation
      constants for metal ion-nucleotide complexes.
AB  - The resin competition method for determining the dissociation constants of metal
      ion-nucleotide complexes was modified to take into account the fact that some
      metal nucleotide complexes are anionic and thus, like the free nucleotide, will
      bind to the resin. A simple, rapid spectrophotometric titration procedure is
      given for the determination of both the metal ion-nucleotide complex dissociation
      constant and the ratio of the affinities of the nucleotide and its complex for
      the resin.

PMID- 4014668
TI  - New spectrophotometric and radiochemical assays for acetyl-CoA: arylamine N
      acetyltransferase applicable to a variety of arylamines.
AB  - Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric and radiochemical procedures are
      described for the assay of acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT; EC
      2.3.1.5), which catalyzes the reaction acetyl-CoA + arylamine----N-acetylated
      arylamine + CoASH. The methods are applicable to crude tissue homogenates and
      blood lysates. The spectrophotometric assay is characterized by two features: (i)
      NAT activity is measured by quantifying the disappearance of the arylamine
      substrate as reflected by decreasing Schiff's base formation with
      dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. (ii) During the enzymatic reaction, the inhibitory
      product CoASH is recycled by the system acetyl phosphate/phosphotransacetylase to
      the substrate acetyl-CoA. The radiochemical procedure depends on enzymatic
      synthesis of [3H]acetyl-CoA in the assay using [3H]acetate, ATP, CoASH, and
      acetyl-CoA synthetase. NAT activity is measured by quantifying N
      [3H]acetylarylamine after separation from [3H]acetate by extraction. Product
      inhibition by CoASH is prevented in this system by the use of acetyl-CoA
      synthetase.

PMID- 4014669
TI  - Dynamic headspace analysis of volatile metabolites from the reductive
      dehalogenation of trichloro- and tetrachloroethanes by hepatic microsomes.
AB  - A dynamic headspace technique was developed to facilitate the identification and
      quantitation of low levels of volatile metabolites produced in vitro by
      subcellular preparations. The method is complementary to commonly used static
      headspace and solvent-extraction techniques, and involves purging the compounds
      from microsomal suspensions with an inert gas, trapping them on a short column of
      adsorbant resin, and transferring the metabolites to a gas chromatograph. An
      apparatus was designed to facilitate the incubations and isolations of volatile
      compounds. Recoveries of several chlorinated hydrocarbons with boiling points in
      the range 12 to 186 degrees C were 85% or higher, and the recovery of vinyl
      chloride (boiling point -13 degrees C) was 25%. The quantitative precision of the
      method was determined and calibration curves were established for each
      metabolite, demonstrating that no discrimination occurred over a wide range of
      concentrations. This technique was employed to investigate the reductive
      metabolism of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, and 1,1,2,2
      tetrachloroethane by rat liver microsomes. The metabolites from these substrates
      were 1,1-dichloroethane, vinyl chloride, and 1,2-dichloroethylene, respectively.
      These conversions were NADPH-dependent, occurred only under anaerobic conditions,
      and indicate that chloroethanes with relatively low electron affinities can be
      reduced slowly by microsomal cytochrome P-450. The rates of formation of vinyl
      chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, and 1,2-dichloroethylene with 1.0 mM substrate were
      12.5 +/- 2.0, 122 +/- 14, and 147 +/- 12 pmol/min/mg of protein, respectively.
      The results show that there are distinct advantages of the purge/trap method over
      the static headspace method for studying volatile metabolites when high
      sensitivity is required.

PMID- 4014670
TI  - Synthesis, storage, and stability of [4-14C]oxaloacetic acid.
AB  - A simple procedure for preparing [4-14C]oxaloacetic acid based on the reaction
      between [14C]HCO-3 and phosphoenolpyruvate catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxylase is described. A simple method for preparing highly purified
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from maize leaves is described and the
      degradation of oxaloacetate under conditions of varying pH and divalent metal ion
      concentration is reported on. [4-14C]Oxaloacetic acid is stable for several
      months in 0.1 M HCl solution at -80 degrees C.

PMID- 4014671
TI  - New spectrophotometric assays of acid lipase and their use in the diagnosis of
      Wolman and cholesteryl ester storage diseases.
AB  - Trinitrophenylaminolauric acid (TNPAL) was linked to glycerol or cholesterol and
      the resulting yellow compounds were used as substrates for several lipases and
      cholesteryl esterase in cells from normal individuals and patients with Wolman's
      or cholesteryl ester storage diseases. Normal cells (lymphoid cell lines or skin
      fibroblasts) showed two peaks of lipase or cholesteryl esterase activity at about
      pH 4.0 and 6.0 each. The activity of the most acidic enzyme, which hydrolyzed
      natural or synthetic triacylglycerols as well as cholesteryl esters, was
      considerably reduced in cells derived from patients with Wolman's or cholesteryl
      ester storage diseases. Simple spectrophotometric procedures were developed for
      using tri-TNPAL glycerol or TNPAL cholesterol to identify homozygotes of these
      two respective diseases.

PMID- 4014672
TI  - O2 solubility in aqueous media determined by a kinetic method.
AB  - A kinetic method for the determination of O2 solubility in air-saturated aqueous
      solutions of widely varying composition and temperature is described. It is based
      on the precise molar stoichiometry between the rates of uptake of H+ and O2,
      measured with response-matched electrodes, in the reaction NADH + H+ + 1/2O2---
      NAD+ + H2O, catalyzed by an NADH oxidase preparation. To the initially anaerobic
      test system, which contains an excess of NADH and NADH oxidase in a buffered
      medium, an aliquot of the O2-containing solution to be tested is added and the
      rates of both O2 uptake and H+ uptake are recorded; the H+ electrode is
      calibrated against standard HCl. From these data the amount of O2 in the aliquot
      is calculated. Some representative values for O2 solubility at 25 degrees C and
      760 mm in air-saturated systems are (i) distilled H2O, 516 nmol O/ml, (ii) 0.15 M
      KCl, 480 nmol O/ml, and (iii) 0.25 M sucrose, 458 nmol O/ml. Data and equations
      are also given for the solubility of O2 at 760 mm in air-saturated and lightly
      buffered 0.15 M KCl and 0.25 M sucrose over the range 5 to 40 degrees C. In the
      method described the rates of O2 and H+ uptake are precisely linear and
      stoichiometric when NADH is present in large excess over O2. However, when O2 is
      in excess and small additions of 340-nm-standardized NADH are made, as in earlier
      methods based on NADH oxidation, the endpoint is approached very gradually and
      tends to overestimate O2 solubility, owing to (i) the higher Km for NADH than for
      O2, (ii) the relatively slow response of the Clark O2 electrode, and (iii) the
      incomplete oxidation of NADH in the presence of 340-nm-absorbing inhibitory
      substances.

PMID- 4014673
TI  - Estimation of liposome integrity by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - A fast and simple method of 1H-NMR spectroscopic control of liposome membrane
      integrity is suggested. The method is based on the redistribution of intensities
      between two singlet 1H-NMR signals--from intraliposomal marker compound
      (nitrilotriacetic acid sodium salt, 1H-NMR signal at 4 p.p.m.) and from its
      complex with Eu3+ added to the external medium (NMR signal of the complex at - 1
      p.p.m.). The method permits registration of the kinetics of liposome destruction
      under the action of detergent or serum. It is shown that the presence of
      cholesterol in the membrane makes it more stable.

PMID- 4014674
TI  - Proteins transferred to nitrocellulose for use as immunogens.
AB  - Proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and were eluted efficiently from the gel by transfer to
      nitrocellulose paper. The protein-bearing nitrocellulose was solubilized with
      dimethyl sulfoxide and used as an immunogen in rabbits. Polyclonal antibodies to
      the proteins were generated.

PMID- 4014675
TI  - Purification of beta-glucocerebrosidase by preparative-scale high-performance
      liquid chromatography: the use of ethylene glycol-containing buffers for
      chromatography of hydrophobic glycoprotein enzymes.
AB  - beta-Glucocerebrosidase, partially purified by the method of F. S. Furbish et al.
      (1977, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 3560-3563), was shown by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to contain, in addition to the desired
      enzyme, variable amounts of a very hydrophobic contaminant (apparent Mr 45,000).
      Purification of the enzyme was accomplished by gel-permeation HPLC on a TSK 3000
      SW column (0.7 X 60 cm). Adsorptive losses of protein on the column were
      minimized by using buffers containing up to 50% ethylene glycol. We have examined
      the effects of varying the ethylene glycol concentration on the elution times and
      recoveries of the two major proteins in this preparation. The high
      reproducibility of the individual chromatograms permitted the use of an automatic
      sampler and fraction collector to perform multiple, continuous runs for the
      purification of milligram quantities of enzyme. Multiple runs of a preparative
      scale column, TSK G3000 SWG (2.15 X 60 cm), permitted gram-scale purification of
      beta-glucocerebrosidase without loss in efficiency of separation. Recovery of
      enzyme activity is greater than 94% with less than 1% contamination by other
      proteins. Reaction of enzyme prepared in this fashion with rabbit polyclonal
      antiserum or mouse monoclonal anti-beta-glucocerebrosidase shows the enzyme to be
      pure and not immunologically related to the 45,000 Mr contaminant. The specific
      activity of enzyme prepared by this means is 1.6 X 10(6) nmol/h/mg protein.
      Inclusion of ethylene glycol in buffers was shown to overcome hydrophobic protein
      interactions with TSK 3000 SW column matrices for both the soluble human
      lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A and the plant toxin ricin.

PMID- 4014676
TI  - Solid-phase radiolabeling of glycolipids with galactose oxidase and sodium
      boro[3H]hydride.
AB  - Neutral glycosphingolipids immobilized on plastic surfaces were specifically
      radiolabeled with the galactose oxidase-sodium boro[3H]hydride method.
      Glycolipids could be immobilized in the absence of any other lipids such as
      phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Rather, the presence of these lipid
      components decreased the efficiency of radiolabeling. Glycolipids having more
      than four carbohydrate moieties with terminal galactosyl residues were
      effectively radiolabeled and could be easily recovered by elution from the
      plastic with ethanol in one step. This method will be suitable for analysis of
      small samples of "upper-phase" neutral glycolipids having terminal galactose or N
      acetylgalactosamine.

PMID- 4014677
TI  - Microsequence analysis of peptides and proteins. V. Design and performance of a
      novel gas-liquid-solid phase instrument.
AB  - We describe the construction and performance of a novel, automated, Edman
      chemistry-based microsequencer. The reagent and solvent delivery system, the
      reaction cartridge for coupling and cleavage, and the conversion flask are all
      constructed from chemically inert perfluoroelastomers. The delivery valves are of
      a new design incorporating the use of electromagnetically actuated solenoids and
      zero-dead-volume construction, and may be connected in a modular fashion
      resulting in multiple inputs with a single output line which can be flushed with
      inert gas. The bottle closures are of a new design based on an all-Teflon
      compression fitting. The reaction cartridge and conversion flask are thermostated
      by solid-state heaters in an aluminum block. The overall size of the instrument
      is 25 X 34 X 14 in. The chemistry utilizes 2% aqueous triethylamine as the
      coupling base which is delivered to the reaction cartridge via a stream of
      nitrogen. The "gas-phase" delivery of the coupling base and the cleavage acid
      (trifluoroacetic acid) is modeled after the method described by R. M. Hewick et
      al. (J. Biol. Chem. 256, 7990-7997,1981). The instrument has performed well over
      a period of 3 years in terms of low background peaks, sensitivity in the picomole
      range, and reliability of operation. The use of economical components, ease of
      construction and operation, and sensitive analytical capability make this
      instrument a useful tool for microsequence analysis of peptides and proteins.

PMID- 4014678
TI  - An amino-terminal tryptophan derivative which is refractory to Edman degradation.
AB  - A new derivative of tryptophan is proposed to account for the observation that
      some peptides having amino-terminal tryptophan residues become refractory to
      Edman degradation. An acid-catalyzed oxidation of the indole nucleus and
      subsequent cyclization to a unique 3-anilinopyrrolidin-2-one derivative with
      cleavage of the peptide chain is the most likely chemical explanation. This amino
      acid is reactive with ninhydrin and contains an aryl amine. However, the amine
      does not bond to the alpha carbon so while reactive to phenyl isothiocyanate,
      distances are too great for the residue to be cleaved from the peptide during
      Edman degradation.

PMID- 4014679
TI  - Product analysis of in vitro ribosomal protein synthesis for the assessment of
      kinetic parameters.
AB  - For the characterization of the product distribution of in vitro ribosomal
      protein synthesis a new method is introduced in which radioactively labeled
      peptides are separated on a reversed-phase HPLC column and detected on line with
      a flow radioactivity monitor. Employing this procedure the kinetics of product
      formation under pre-steady-state conditions were measured under a variety of
      conditions. These measurements yield the intrinsic monomolecular rate constants
      for peptidyl transfer (greater than 20 s-1) and translocation (rate limiting for
      elongation). The usefulness of this technique for accuracy measurements is
      illustrated.

PMID- 4014680
TI  - Labeling of cysteine-containing peptides with 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid.
AB  - A method for specific labeling of cysteine-containing peptides has been developed
      using Ellman's reagent, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). Prior to
      cleavage with proteases or chemical reagents, proteins are reacted with DTNB,
      resulting in the formation of a mixed disulfide between the protein sulfhydryl
      group and 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid (TNB). The formation of the mixed disulfide
      introduces a chromophore, with an absorbance peak at 328 nm. By monitoring
      peptide maps generated by HPLC at 210 and 328 nm, peptides containing cysteine
      residues are readily identified. The stability of the derivative was tested using
      glutathione-TNB as a model compound. Glutathione-TNB is stable to conditions used
      for CNBr cleavage, as well as those for tryptic cleavage. The TNB label may also
      increase the hydrophobicity of small peptides, which otherwise might not bind to
      reverse-phase matrices. This was the case for an oxidatively modified
      tetrapeptide isolated from Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase.

PMID- 4014682
TI  - Relative molecular weight and concentration determination of sodium hyaluronate
      solutions by gel-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Gel-exclusion chromatography coupled with HPLC instrumentation can be used to
      determine the molecular weight of highly purified sodium hyaluronate in solution.
      The method is very reproducible, precise, and rapid, and allows molecular weight
      determinations up to 2 million to be done in the presence of considerable
      impurities. This technique offers considerable advantages over traditional light
      scattering, sedimentation equilibrium, and viscometry methods for molecular
      weight determinations, in that HPLC-gel exclusion is rapid and not subject to
      errors arising from impurities. Simultaneous with molecular weight measurements,
      sodium hyaluronate concentrations can be determined with a lower range of 0.1 to
      0.3 mg/ml dependent upon the sensitivity of the refractive index-detecting
      system. Unlike the carbazole reaction, this technique is unaffected by low
      molecular-weight impurities such as monosaccharides or substances with relative
      molecular weights less than 18,000.

PMID- 4014681
TI  - Immunodetection with streptavidin-acid phosphatase complex on Western blots.
AB  - A technique for the detection of nanogram amounts of protein blotted onto
      nitrocellulose membranes has been developed using nonradioactive probes. Protein
      transferred to nitrocellulose membranes is detected by a specific antibody
      followed by incubation with biotinylated anti-antibody. After addition of
      streptavidin-acid phosphatase complex, incubation with fast violet B salt
      produces sharp magenta bands. This method allows detection of bands containing
      less than 20 ng of protein. The procedure does not use radioactive or
      carcinogenic materials.

PMID- 4014683
TI  - Immunodetection of nitrocellulose-adhesive proteins at the nanogram level after
      trinitrophenyl modification.
AB  - A method for protein detection on nitrocellulose membranes based on modification
      with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and reaction with anti-trinitrophenyl
      (TNP) serum as first antibody followed by peroxidase-conjugated second antibody
      is described. Protein quantities between 1 and 3 ng can be detected in the dot
      test. This method was used in a double immunodetection procedure after
      electrophoretic transfer of proteins localizing first a distinct antigen with its
      specific antiserum followed by visualization of the complete protein pattern on
      the same blot by the TNP/anti-TNP method as described above. As only water
      soluble reagents are employed no shrinkage of the membrane occurs. Furthermore,
      the method can be used in a simultaneous immunodetection procedure visualizing
      the specific antigen together with TNP marker proteins using a mixture of the
      specific antiserum and the anti-TNP serum as first antibody.

PMID- 4014684
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines extracted
      from plasma and platelets.
AB  - A fast method for extraction and concentration of tryptamine (TA), 5-hydroxy-TA,
      and 5-methoxy-TA was developed using reverse-phase C-18 sample preparation
      columns in combination with an ion-pairing reagent. Using this method, 1,2,3,4
      tetrahydro-beta-carboline (THBC), 6-hydroxy-THBC, and 6-methoxy-THBC, the
      respective reaction products formed after reaction of formaldehyde with the
      primary amines mentioned above, and beta-carboline (BC, norharman) and 1-methyl
      beta-carboline (1-Me-BC, harman) could also be extracted from human and rat
      platelets and platelet-poor plasma (PPP). A HPLC method combined with
      fluorometric detection was developed for the quantitative determination of these
      compounds in the picomole range. The formation of beta-carbolines during the
      extraction procedure was below the limit of detection of the assay procedure. 6
      OH-THBC, THBC, 1-Me-BC, and 5-HT were identified as normal constituents of human
      platelets, whereas only 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 6-OH-THBC could be
      identified in human PPP. In rat platelets and PPP 5-HT, but no THBCs, could be
      detected.

PMID- 4014685
TI  - A simple and sensitive method for monitoring drug-induced cell injury in cultured
      cells.
AB  - A simple, sensitive method has been developed for evaluating cell injury
      noninvasively in monolayer cells in culture. The cell ATP pool was radiolabeled
      by incubating the cells with [14C]adenine. The uptake and incorporation of
      [14C]adenine was shown to proportional to the number of cells. As determined by
      HPLC, about 65-70% of the incorporated 14C label was in the ATP pool, 15-20% was
      in the ADP pool, and the rest was in the 5'-AMP pool. When prelabeled cells were
      exposed to toxic drugs (acetaminophen, calcium ionophore A-23187, or daunomycin)
      there was a marked decrease in cell ATP with a concomitant increase in leakage of
      labeled nucleotides, mainly 5'-AMP and 5'IMP. We have shown that leakage of 14C
      label into the medium from the prelabeled cells may be employed for quantitation
      of cell injury. This new measure of toxicity was shown to correlate very well
      with LDH leakage from the cells, which is a well accepted measure of cell injury.
      The leakage of 5'-[14C]AMP also correlated very well with the reduction of cell
      ATP in cardiac myocytes. This method has been used for monitoring drug-induced
      toxicity in liver cells, cardiac myocytes, and LB cells.

PMID- 4014686
TI  - A radiometric assay for determining the incorporation of L-canavanine or L
      arginine into protein.
AB  - Procedures for a radiometric assay of L-[guanidinooxy-14C]canavanine were
      developed which provide a convenient and accurate measure of the incorporation of
      [14C]canavanine into de novo-synthesized proteins. These methods are also
      applicable to determining [14C]arginine incorporation into protein. These
      procedures have been employed to study the synthesis of L-[guanidinooxy
      14C]canavanine- and L-[guanidino-14C]arginine-containing proteins from the
      hemolymph of Manduca sexta and Heliothis virescens, two highly destructive insect
      pests.

PMID- 4014687
TI  - Analysis of trimethylselenonium ion in urine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A rapid and simple method for the separation of trimethylselenonium ion and other
      cationic forms of selenium in urine by HPLC on a strong cation exchanger is
      described. Most of the inorganic salts in urine are removed prior to
      chromatography by means of ethanolic precipitation, thus minimizing
      interferences. Following sample loading and elution with 0.003 M ammonium
      phosphate (pH 4), a linear gradient to 0.33 M ammonium phosphate (pH 4) is
      employed. Complete separation of the trimethylselenonium ion from four other
      selenonium compounds was achieved, and good recovery of the compounds was
      obtained for the desalting and chromatographic procedures. The procedure was
      successfully employed to demonstrate that dimethylselenocysteineselenonium iodide
      and Se-methylselenomethionineselenonium iodide are extensively metabolized when
      administered to rats, and that trimethylselenonium ion is a major urinary
      metabolite of both compounds.

PMID- 4014688
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of free and conjugated 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylethylene glycol with wide-ranging substances related to monoamine
      metabolism.
AB  - A simple and sensitive procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination
      of substances metabolically related to monoamine transmitters including 3-methoxy
      4-hydroxy-phenylethylene glycol (MOPEG) in dissected brain regions of rats using
      high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrochemical detection.
      The tissue sample was homogenized in HCl solution. The homogenate was divided
      into two portions, of which one was used for the assay of MOPEG after enzymatic
      hydrolysis with sulfatase. A butanol extraction process was performed on the
      remaining portion to obtain the sample of monoamine transmitters, precursor amino
      acids, and acidic metabolites. The monoamines and precursor amino acids were
      finally recovered in HCl solution, while the acidic metabolites shifted into the
      alkaline buffer from the organic layer. The basic and neutral substances were
      separated with a 0.1 M sodium citrate/citric acid buffer system (pH 4.0)
      containing 1% tetrahydrofuran, and the acidic ones with 0.075 M sodium
      citrate/citric acid buffer (pH 3.5) containing 1% tetrahydrofuran, 10% methanol,
      and 12% acetic acid. The steady-state concentrations of three monoamine
      transmitters (noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine) were determined
      together with their precursors and metabolites. Changes in the concentrations of
      these substances were examined for various drugs, of which the effects had been
      previously confirmed. The changes reflected putative drug effects and
      demonstrated that the procedure was applicable to the regional determination of
      monoamines and their metabolically related substances.

PMID- 4014689
TI  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the purification of mouse
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography was applied to the purification of
      monoclonal antibodies from mouse ascites fluid. The method was based on anion
      exchange chromatography using a TSK DEAE-5PW column and a gradient elution with
      20 mM Tris, pH 8.5, and 20 mM Tris, pH 8.5, containing 2.0 M sodium acetate. The
      method can be applied to analytic or preparative scale separations. Purified
      immunoglobulins were isolated from samples of 20 to 100 microliter containing up
      to 19 mg total protein. The average recovery of total protein was 89 +/- 12%.
      Recovery of the immunoglobulins, based on recovery of immunological activity, was
      quantitative. In addition to separating the immunoglobulins from the other serum
      proteins, the various classes of IgG were resolved.

PMID- 4014690
TI  - Brain cerebrosides: preparative purification using a new chromatographic support-
      magnammsil.
AB  - A preparative method for isolation and purification of cerebrosides from bovine
      brain is described. A crude cerebroside fraction is precipitated with ether from
      a chloroform-methanol extract and purification is achieved by column
      chromatography on a new column support, "magnammsil." A partial separation of
      hydroxy and nonhydroxy cerebrosides is achieved. The method is more economical
      for a large-scale preparation than previously published methods.

PMID- 4014691
TI  - Assay of beta-glucuronidase in bile following ion-pair extraction of pigments and
      bile acids.
AB  - A method for improving the assay of beta-glucuronidase in hepatic and gallbladder
      bile is described. The method uses ion-pair extraction with N,N,N-triheptyl-1
      heptanaminium bromide to remove pigments and bile acids. Conjugated bilirubin,
      unconjugated bilirubin, and taurine and glycine conjugates of deoxycholic and
      chenodeoxycholic acids are extracted efficiently from bile by the procedure. The
      sensitivity of the spectrophotometric assay of beta-glucuronidase in bile using
      phenolphthalein glucuronide is increased significantly.

PMID- 4014692
TI  - Comparison of fluorographic methods for detecting radioactivity in polyacrylamide
      gels or on nitrocellulose filters.
AB  - The commercial fluorographic enhancers, En3Hance or Amplify, were not as
      efficient as 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) for detecting radioactively labeled
      proteins in polyacrylamide gels or on nitrocellulose filters. For most of the X
      ray films tested, optimal preexposure was essential to obtain maximum sensitivity
      in fluorography or indirect autoradiography using intensifying screens. The best
      results were obtained with nitrocellulose by saturating the filters with PPO. The
      minimum levels of 35S/14C that could be detected on filters by autoradiography or
      fluorography in a 24-h exposure were 4 X 10(2) or 1 X 10(2) dpm cm-2
      respectively. For 3H these levels were, respectively, 20 X 10(3) or 0.5 X 10(3)
      dpm cm-2.

PMID- 4014693
TI  - Enzyme-linked coagulation assay: a clot-based, solid-phase assay for thrombin.
AB  - A new, solid-phase microtiter plate assay for thrombin has been developed, using
      fibrinogen bound to wells of a microtiter plate and peroxidase-fibrinogen in
      solution as an indicator system. When small amounts of thrombin are added to the
      mixture, peroxidase-fibrin and plate-bound fibrin are formed, and the peroxidase
      fibrin binds to the plate-bound fibrin. The amount of peroxidase-fibrin binding
      is proportional to the thrombin concentration and time of incubation. Using this
      assay, thrombin was measured at concentrations as low as 0.25 ng/ml (0.006 nM) in
      150 microliter of sample. In the presence of the specific inhibitors benzamidine
      and D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethyl ketone, the thrombin activity
      is reduced, at relative concentrations of inhibitors consistent with their
      affinities and mechanisms of action. The enzyme-linked coagulation assay is
      generally useful as a highly sensitive and convenient alternative to conventional
      "clot-based" tests of coagulation.

PMID- 4014694
TI  - Influence of the time of acidification after sample collection on the
      preservation of drinking water for lead determination.

PMID- 4014695
TI  - Californium-252 plasma desorption mass spectrometry of cationic, anionic, and
      neutral dyes.

PMID- 4014696
TI  - Sample preparation and system calibration for proton-induced X-ray emission
      analysis of hair from occupationally exposed workers.

PMID- 4014697
TI  - Saturation effects in gas-phase photothermal deflection spectrophotometry.

PMID- 4014698
TI  - Photomultiplier gating for improved detection in laser-excited atomic
      fluorescence spectrometry.

PMID- 4014699
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide with titanium 2-((5
      bromopyridyl)azo)-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamino)phe nol reagent and its
      application to the determination of serum glucose using glucose oxidase.

PMID- 4014700
TI  - Caffeine-picrylsulfonate liquid membrane electrode for selective determination of
      caffeine in analgesic preparations.

PMID- 4014701
TI  - Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in mixtures using
      fluorescence line narrowing spectrometry.

PMID- 4014702
TI  - Pole bias scanner circuit for quadrupole mass spectrometers of early design.

PMID- 4014703
TI  - Degeneration of the greater splanchnic nerve by operation.
AB  - By 1 d after unilateral ligation or severance of the greater splanchnic nerve in
      the rat immediately caudal to the diaphragm, mitochondrial swelling, lysosomal
      multiplication and an increase in electron density in axoplasm combined to form a
      debris of axoplasm in unmyelinated fibers, and both shrinkage and disintegration
      of myelin occurred in myelinated fibers in the distal stump of the nerve operated
      upon. By 2 d after operation, the nerve had shrunk to 2 third its original
      diameter, and most of the nerve fibers except for prominent thick myelinated
      fibers had dissolved into fatty droplets or other bodies, which were phagocytized
      by Schwann cells. The degenerated parts adjacent to ligation were then completely
      replaced by many fibroblasts and numerous collagenous fibers, and the ganglion
      cells which escaped from direct injury by operation, survived with a remarkable
      number of free ribosomes and many autophagic lysosomes dispersed within their
      cytoplasms, together with intact axon terminals, while a few myelinated and
      several unmyelinated fibers also underwent degeneration at the proximal stumpf of
      the nerve. These facts can suggest not only that centrifugal elements in the
      greater splanchnic nerve degenerate more drastically and quickly than has been
      reported hitherto, but also that there are characteristics of centripetal
      function in a few myelinated and several unmyelinated fibers.

PMID- 4014704
TI  - Eye enucleation and regeneration of neural retina in axolotl larvae (Ambystoma
      mexicanum).
AB  - The eyes of Axolotl larvae were enucleated at stages 30 and 37. Animals with
      single dorsomedian eyes resulted in the first case (i.e. stage 30). When a piece
      of pigment epithelium was re-implanted into stage 37 animals at the site of the
      lesion, limited regeneration was observed when the implant formed a vesicle, but,
      when the pigment epithelium remained "open" regeneration of the neural retina was
      extensive. The possible resons for this difference was discussed.

PMID- 4014705
TI  - Embryopathic effects of ethanol and caffeine in the chick.
AB  - The combined effects of ethanol (20 and 40%, 0.1 ml/egg) and caffeine (0.5 and 1
      mg/egg) on early chick embryos were investigated. After treatment with 0.5 mg
      caffeine and 20% ethanol at 48 h incubation, teratogenicity was potentiated, but
      without affecting embryonic growth. Embryotoxic interactions of this nature might
      account for congenital defects of doubtful etiology.

PMID- 4014706
TI  - [Light and electron microscopy analysis of the differentiation of oropharyngeal
      epithelium in Salamandra salamandra (L.) during metamorphosis
      (Urodela:Salamandridae)].
AB  - During metamorphosis the oropharyngeal-epithelium of Salamandra salamandra
      consists of cells partly with features typical for larvae partly with these
      characteristic for metamorphosed animals. In the stratum intermedium cells which
      in larvae develop to secreting non-ciliated pavement cells become precursors of
      ciliated cells. During this process mucus granulus were discharged and cells
      develop cilia. Cells of deepe layers stop the production of mucus granules; those
      granules, which are already present, disintegrate. Furthermore, new types of
      goblet cells (type 2 and 3 according to Clemen, 1984) arise. Goblet cells of
      older larvae (typ 1) are to be found nearly unchanged in metamorphosed animals.
      Older goblet cells degenerate. In the stratum superficiale during transformation
      of pavement cells to ciliated cells discharge of mucus and ciliogenesis run
      parallely. Some of the pavement cells, however, degenerate. The stratum basale
      remains unaltered.

PMID- 4014707
TI  - Fine structure of epidermal mucous cells of some Brazilian earthworms
      (Oligochaeta:Annelida).
AB  - Electron microscopic techniques were adopted to study the comparative morphology
      of the secretory granules of the epidermal mucous cells of 4 species of brazilian
      earthworms. 2 main types of secretory granules were described: A first type,
      presenting a central body with a high electron density and surrounded by a
      material with variable aspects and electron densities. The second type of
      secretory granule possesses an homogeneous aspect and a relatively low electron
      density. The size and the morphology of secretory granules reveal significant
      variations among the species and also inside a single specie.

PMID- 4014708
TI  - Morphological observations on the mesodermal cells in the 8 day opossum embryo.
AB  - Cells of the mesodermal layer of the 8 day opossum were examined by scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy after removal of the ectoderm. The mesodermal
      layer is formed by a multilayered network of large somewhat flattened, stellate
      shaped cells, whose broad surfaces usually lie parallel to the external surface
      of the embryo. The mesodermal cells show numerous cytoplasmic processes which
      often appear as long delicate threads that may branch. The processes may course
      for considerable distances and establish contact with adjacent mesodermal cells.
      Contact points between processes, processes and cells, and between adjacent cell
      bodies showed junctional complexes. Most of the junctional complexes appeared
      morphologically similar to the nexus (communicating) type. Occasional desmosome
      like junctions also were observed. Extracellular fibers were not observed.

PMID- 4014709
TI  - [Topography of the infratemporal fossa in the newborn infant].
AB  - We compared in our investigations the shape and extent of the infratemporal fossa
      in newborn, children, and adult specimen. By macroscopical preparation we watched
      the course of the branches of the mandibular nerve and the maxillary artery and
      their relations to the masticatory muscles. For identifying of arterial and
      venous blood vessels the external carotid artery was injected with black ink. In
      the newborn a fibrous membrane was found coating the internal aspect of the
      mandibular ramus. The membrane is absent in adults.

PMID- 4014710
TI  - The use of medial axis transformation to examine evolutionary changes in
      mandibular shape.
AB  - Traditional osteometric studies serve to combine both size and shape together, so
      whether contrasts in mandibular form during recent times reflect predominantly
      size, or shape, changes remains controversial. In order to examine specific
      changes in morphological shape, mandibular outline form was subjected to medial
      axis transformation. This technique was performed on museum mandibles derived
      from Romano-British, Anglo-saxon and modern (19th century) samples. The lengths
      of the derived component medial axes, and angles subtended by pairs of medial
      axes, were subsequently subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical
      analysis. The data indicated that there were contrasts in mandibular shape
      between the 3 samples, predominantly reflecting a more vertical ramus, closer
      approximation between both coronoid and condylar processes with a more prominent
      mental region in the modern compared with the two older samples. Although the
      causes of such mandibular changes remain obscure, this study provided objective
      data on mandibular shape differences in recent times.

PMID- 4014711
TI  - [Regional differences in the chemical composition of the human tibia].
AB  - The chemical homogeneity in all parts of the bone compacta was investigated in 2
      human tibiae taken from male cadavers. The ash and nitrogen contents were used as
      parameters of the chemical homogeneity. Analyses for calcium and phosphorus were
      performed in addition to characterize the ash content. The mineral components
      reached their highest levels in the middle of the diaphysis, but the ash contents
      decline in the directions towards the epiphysis. The distributions of the values
      for the organic compounds (nitrogen) show a converse pattern. The nitrogen
      content was highest especially at points where tendons are anchored in the
      compacta. The ash or mineral content is approximately proportional to the density
      of the dry bone substance. The chemical composition of the bone compacta can
      therefore be used to draw conclusions regarding zones that are subject to
      different functional loads.

PMID- 4014712
TI  - Experimental morphological studies on the functional role of the pulpal nerves in
      dentinogenesis.
AB  - The role of the pulpal nerves in the dentinogenesis of the rat dentition was
      studied experimentally by means of a time marker of lead acetate and by electron
      microscope after the individual dissection of the trigeminal and cervical
      sympathetic nerves or both. Following trigeminectomy, the longitudinal growth of
      the denervated incisor decreased. Contrary to this, following cervical
      sympathectomy, the longitudinal growth of the denervated incisor and molar
      increased 10-5%, and the collagen fibers increased predominantly in the pulpal
      tissue. The sympathetic nerves seem to play an important part in controlling the
      differentiation of the odontoblasts, inhibiting the maturation of the growth
      center of the apical pulp in the continuously developing teeth.

PMID- 4014713
TI  - Development of the human nervous system in fetuses of Chinese descent--from 80 mm
      (4 month) to 240 mm CR (end of 7 month gestation).
AB  - Important regional developments--e.g. histogenesis of areas of cortices, genesis
      of thalamic nuclei as well as gross morphogenesis remain to be elucidated. The
      present investigation is an attempt to commence a series of studies to obtain
      such information.

PMID- 4014714
TI  - [Mathematical model of the longitudinal growth of long bones].
AB  - The specific shape of the long bones is due to a more or less regular increase in
      length at the level of the epiphyseal plate (Pauwels 1958). This theory assumes,
      that the epiphyseal cartilage reacts to the local magnitude of stresses. The
      amount of bone formation is supposed to be proportional to the stress magnitudes.
      The bone grows straight in the direction of its axis, if the stresses are
      distributed evenly over the cross-section; but if the stresses increase toward
      one border of the epiphyseal plate, the bone formation will be stimulated more
      intensively at this side and consequently the axis of the bone will be bent to
      the opposite side. By this mechanism, the epiphyseal plate becomes oriented at a
      right angle to the direction of the stressing force. Pauwels (1958) explains the
      reorientation of the articular extremities in bones with fractures, consolidated
      in an angular position by the described reaction. The same reaction is
      responsible for the formation of the juvenile genu valgum. The genu varum and the
      so-called coxa vara congenita on the other hand are due to overloading of the
      epiphyseal cartilage. The described theory has been expressed by a mathematical
      function and the biological response of the bone has been simulated by means of a
      computer model. This model explains in a first approximation normal reactions of
      the growing bone even well as some pathological growth processes.

PMID- 4014715
TI  - Binucleate cells and liver karyometry.
AB  - Liver karyometry of uni- and binucleate cells was compared with karyometric
      measurements excluding binucleate cells in pervinous regions of rat liver
      parenchyma. Depending on their percentage of the cell population and due to their
      smaller nuclear size binucleate cells decrease nuclear volume means and the main
      maximum of frequency distributions of nuclear size (karyometric curves) but
      increase the lower second maximum in the range of smaller nuclear volumes. The
      main characteristics of the course of the curves, however, remain unchanged.

PMID- 4014716
TI  - [Relations of standing height, sitting height and weight of male Americans].
AB  - Based on log/log graphs correlating weight with standing and sitting height of
      U.S. Americans as given by Altman and Dittmer (1962) allometric relations between
      both heights are tested and found to give relatively good results. With lacking
      dates of age the standing and sitting heights can only be put in loose time
      junction by comparison with the length/age tables of Maaser (1974). Approximate
      relations can be gained between the log weight and standing or sitting height
      respectively by following a method set up and applied by the author (Sager 1981a,
      b) with good success.

PMID- 4014717
TI  - [Fine structure of the fundic gland zone epithelium in various eastern African
      ruminants].
AB  - Light- and electron microscopic investigations were conducted on the epithelium
      of the area glandulae gastricae propriae of the abomasum, using material of 12
      East African game ruminants of nine species. The members of the main feeding
      categories (Hofmann, Stewart 1972): concentrate selector, roughage eater and
      intermediate feeder did not differ much in the ultrastructure of the fundic
      stomach epithelium but showed greater differences with respect to the height and
      shape of the glandular tubules and the arrangement of the epithelial cell types.
      Specifically the following cell types were observed: mucoid cells, chief cells,
      parietal cells, seven different endocrine cells, tuft cells and two types of
      migrating cells. In some epithelial celltypes of the concentrate selector dikdik,
      cristalloid cytoplasmic inclusions were found.

PMID- 4014718
TI  - Myoepithelial cell ultrastructure in the submandibular gland of man.
AB  - In human submandibular glands, two types of myoepithelial cells can be
      distinguished in serial ultrathin sections. The dark myoepithelial cell type was
      stellate in shape and exhibited a pronounced electron density due to numerous
      myofilaments with focal densities. Dark cell types accounted for the greater part
      (76%) of the myoepithelial cells and furthermore showed adenosine triphosphatase
      activity. This type of myoepithelial cell is considered to be that previously
      observed in mammalian salivary glands. Occasionally, desmosomes could be found
      between the processes of adjacent dark myoepithelial cell types, which is
      appropriate with respect to the strong compression of acinar or intercalated duct
      cells. The light myoepithelial cell type was large and ellipsoid with a few short
      thick processes, and was characterized by an electron lucent cytoplasm which
      included scant and unevenly distributed myofilaments. Light cell types showed
      positive adenosine triphosphatase activity and accounted for only a small part
      (17%) of the myoepithelial cell number. Transitional forms between these two
      types were also observed. The light myoepithelial cell type may mature into the
      dark myoepithelial cell type by means of the transitional form. In addition,
      clear cells were sometimes encountered between the myoepithelial cell and the
      acinar or intercalated duct cells.

PMID- 4014719
TI  - Afferent projections from forelimb muscles to the external and main cuneate
      nuclei in the cat. A study with transganglionic transport of horseradish
      peroxidase.
AB  - Muscular and cutaneous afferents from distal forelimb distributed to the cuneate
      and external cuneate nuclei have been demonstrated in cat with the method of
      transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. Injections of the same
      tracer were also done in ganglia C7 to T6 to demonstrate the afferents to these
      two nuclei. It is concluded that only muscle afferents terminate in the external
      cuneate nucleus. Afferents from paw and forearm occupy sequential territories in
      the medial part of the nucleus, which are only partly exclusive. Afferents from
      individual flexor muscles of forearm occupy distinct sites but their
      distributions overlap with those of forearm extensor muscles. In the external
      cuneate nucleus, the distributions of afferents from individual muscles
      constitute integral parts of a segmental representation. In the cuneate nucleus,
      cutaneous afferents are located dorsally and terminate over cells of the
      "clusters". Muscle afferents are distributed in ventral regions and are
      topographically arranged. They terminate over "reticular" regions.

PMID- 4014720
TI  - Large particles associated with gap junctions of pancreatic exocrine cells during
      embryonic and neonatal development.
AB  - The formation of gap junctions was studied in pancreatic exocrine cells of rats
      and mice during late embryonic and neonatal development by the freeze-fracture
      replica method. Small gap junctions were present in association with tight
      junctional strands near the cell apex during embryonic development. Independently
      of tight junctions, small gap junctions were sometimes seen more basally on day
      13 to 15 of gestation. The gap junctions increased in number and were rapidly
      enlarged by day 18 to 20 of gestation. Large particles 12-13 nm in diameter were
      frequently associated with the gap junction, which consisted of 10 nm particles.
      The large particles were either irregularly distributed or arranged in hexagonal
      patterns. The number of large particles decreased with time, so that they
      sparsely rimmed the gap junction in postnatal animals. This suggests that large
      particles are precursors of typical gap junctional particles, and that they
      participate in rapid growth of the gap junction during late embryonic
      development. It may be also possible that large particles represent functionally
      different gap junctions.

PMID- 4014721
TI  - Morphological studies on the role of the periductal stroma in the regression of
      the human male Mullerian duct.
AB  - The regression of the male Mullerian duct has been studied in human embryos and
      fetuses by means of the semi-thin light microscopic technique and by electron
      microscopy. After completion of the duct's differentiation during week 7, a
      periductal stroma is formed by two types of mesenchymal-like cells: light,
      epitheloid cells originating from the coelomic epithelium and dark, fusiform
      cells of mesonephric origin. During week 9 these cells condense to a compact cuff
      in which the light cells occupy the inner core. The duct is entirely sealed by an
      epitheloid stratum of the periductal stroma. At the same time, the basal lamina
      thickens up to 300 nm by apposition of extracellular material. During weeks 10 to
      12, the inner stromal core is invaded by dark fusiform cells from the peripheral
      stratum which intermingle with the light cells. The basal lamina dissolves, the
      epithelio-stromal interface becomes indistinct and finally disappears. During
      week 13 remnants of the Mullerian duct can be observed. They result from the
      complete merging of the ductal into the periductal compartment. Mullerian duct
      regression is divided into two functional steps: First the duct is prevented from
      growth by the epitheloid cells of the stromal cuff. This process lasts for 2 to 3
      weeks. In the second place the basal lamina breaks up under the influence of the
      dark stromal component. This event launches the regression proper and lasts for
      another 2 to 3 weeks. Necrosis of cells or programmed cell death does not play a
      decisive role in the regression of the human Mullerian duct. In the upper,
      nonregressing part of the duct, light epitheloid cells are scarce and do not seal
      the duct. A periductal extracellular space is preserved during the entire period
      and the periductal stroma does not fuse with the duct's epithelium. The epithelio
      stromal interface is maintained along this section.

PMID- 4014722
TI  - Axonal microtubules: a computer-linked quantitative analysis.
AB  - Employing current computer-aided morphometric techniques, axonal microtubule
      density was determined for the rat sural nerve. Analysis of extensive data showed
      that while microtubule number increases with axon size, the increase is not
      directly proportional. Thus the relationship between microtubule density and
      axonal size is inversely related, so that microtubule density is greater in
      smaller axons than in larger axons. When a proximal and distal site, separated by
      2 cm, were compared for microtubule density there was no significant difference,
      using pooled data for all fibre diameters. The results are interpreted in terms
      of our present knowledge of axonal-microtubule quantitative relationships, which
      is reviewed.

PMID- 4014723
TI  - A quantitative approach to cytoarchitectonics. X. The areal pattern of the
      neostriatum in the domestic pigeon, Columba livia f.d. A cyto- and
      myeloarchitectonical study.
AB  - The areal pattern of the neostriatum of the domestic pigeon, Columba livia f.d.,
      is described in detail. The map was completed with the help of cyto- and
      myeloarchitectonical studies during which both qualitative and quantitative
      methods were applied. The map is divided into 16 areas which are characterized in
      this paper. Most of these areas can be interpreted as being not only structural
      but also functional units. The areas Ne 1, Ne 7, and Ne 12 represent primary
      projection fields. The areas Ne 2, Ne 4, Ne 5, Ne 9, Ne 13, and Ne 14 can be
      regarded as associative areas, closely connected with the primary areas. The
      areas Ne 6, Ne 11, Ne 15, and Ne 16 are described with regard to a possible
      integrative function.

PMID- 4014724
TI  - Nerve growth factor treatment does not prevent dorsal root ganglion cell death
      induced by target removal in chick embryos.
AB  - In chick embryos, on the 3rd day of incubation, the developing right wing bud was
      removed. One group of the operated embryos was treated with a daily dose of 20
      micrograms purified nerve growth factor (NGF) from the 5th day of incubation and
      sacrificed on the 12th day. The other group was sacrificed on the 12th day of
      incubation and served as control. NGF was also administered to intact, unoperated
      embryos for comparison. The size of the dorsal root ganglia in segments 13-16
      innervating the wings, were estimated and the number of surviving dorsal root
      ganglion cells counted both on the right (operated) and left (intact) sides.
      Although NGF brought about an increase in the size of the ganglia and an increase
      in the number of dorsal root ganglion cells bilaterally, it was not able to
      prevent excessive cell death of dorsal root ganglion cells on the operated side.
      The number of surviving neurons in the dorsal root ganglia on the operated side
      in embryos with or without NGF administration was only about 30-50% of the number
      of the intact side. These results show that cell death induced by target removal
      cannot be offset by NGF administration. It is concluded that NGF may act as a
      growth promoting agent for developing sensory neurons but other peripheral
      trophic factor/s are also needed for the maintenance and survival of dorsal root
      ganglion cells.

PMID- 4014726
TI  - An ultrastructural study of meconium corpuscles in human foetal colon.
AB  - In human foetal colon meconium corpuscles were observed in the colonic epithelium
      during the stage of secondary lumina development and enlargement. Transmission
      electron microscopy of these specimens revealed inclusion bodies in the
      superficial and deeper layers of the epithelium. Many of the membrane-bounded
      inclusion bodies contained well-preserved organelles and some inclusions
      contained nuclear fragments. There was evidence of nuclear fragmentation with
      condensed chromatin arranged in crescentic caps. The ultrastructural observations
      are typical of apoptosis, a mode of cell death first described in 1972 by Kerr
      and colleagues. Thus, meconium corpuscles are apoptotic bodies found as a result
      of the deletion of healthy normal cells during the reshaping and development of
      organs.

PMID- 4014727
TI  - The B.B. Sankey Anesthesia Advancement Award.

PMID- 4014725
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of type IV collagen and laminin in the seven-day-old
      mouse embryo.
AB  - The localization of the basement membrane components type IV collagen and laminin
      was investigated in seven-day-old mouse embryos (NMRI) fixed with formaldehyde,
      using an immunoperoxidase technique. Posttreatment of the embryos with TBS
      (trishydroxymethylaminomethane buffered saline) buffer was prerequisite for
      restoration of the antigenicity after fixation. The localization of the
      peroxidase (PO) positive reaction after treatment with anti-type IV collagen and
      anti-laminin antibodies in the embryos has been compared with results obtained
      after fixating embryos with the addition of tannic acid. Tannic acid stained the
      basement membrane of the ectodermal cell layer, in particular the lamina densa.
      After immunostaining for type IV collagen and laminin, a strong PO-positive
      reaction in the lamina densa of the ectodermal basement membrane was observed. A
      basement membrane of the endodermal cell layer had not yet been formed at this
      developmental stage. In this region, which is where a basement membrane was to
      develop in later stages, a tannic acid positive material consisting of granules
      with a diameter of about 25 nm was found near the surface of the endoderm.
      Moreover, PO-positive patches were seen in this part of the embryo after staining
      for laminin as well as after staining for type IV collagen. These PO-positive
      patches were mainly localized in areas where mesodermal cells lay adjacent to the
      surface of the endodermal cell layer. No positive staining for type IV collagen
      and laminin was found in the cytoplasm of either ectodermal or endodermal cells.

PMID- 4014728
TI  - Direct opioid application to peripheral nerves does not alter compound action
      potentials.
AB  - The identification of opiate receptors on primary afferent fibers near the dorsal
      root ganglia suggests that opiates may be able to affect conduction in primary
      afferent nerve fibers. We examined the effect of directly applied, preservative
      free morphine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg) and fentanyl citrate (25 micrograms/kg) on the
      A beta, A delta, and C components of the compound action potential of the
      superficial radial nerve in decerebrate cats (n = 18). Neither drug caused any
      significant change in the area under the curve of any of the compound action
      potentials studied. These data indicate that systemically administered opiates
      are unlikely to cause changes in primary afferent nerve conduction.

PMID- 4014729
TI  - The hemodynamic consequences of high-dose thiopental anesthesia.
AB  - The hemodynamic and electroencephalographic effects of a 60 min infusion of
      thiopental, given at the rate of 1.25 mg X kg-1 X min-1 (total dose 75 mg/kg),
      were studied in 10 patients without cardiorespiratory disease undergoing surgery
      for the removal of large and/or deeply seated arteriovenous malformations. Data
      on heart rate, arterial, right atrial, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressures, thermodilution cardiac output (expressed as cardiac
      index), the electroencephalogram, arterial blood gases, and serum thiopental
      concentrations were collected during a sedated, resting control period, and then
      every 15 min during drug infusion. Lactated Ringer's solution (total volume 1-2
      liters) was infused throughout the study period at rates sufficient to maintain
      pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at control values. In doses sufficient to
      render the electroencephalogram isoelectric [t approximately equal to 30 min,
      37.5 mg/kg cumulative dose, serum concentration 51 +/- 17 micrograms/ml (mean +/-
      SD)], drug infusion resulted in significant increases in heart rate (to 116% of
      control), and decreases in arterial pressure (to 87% of control), stroke volume
      index (to 87% of control), systemic resistance (84% of control), and both left
      and right ventricular stroke work indices (66% and 69% of control, respectively).
      Cardiac index was unchanged (following a transient increase at t = 15 min). There
      were no changes in pulmonary vascular resistance, or blood gases. A large total
      dose of thiopental (8-11 gm) was needed to maintain electroencephalogram
      suppression for the remainder of these 10-20 hr procedures, and emergence was
      slow (48-72 hr). The resultant prolonged ICU support may have contributed to
      serious postoperative complications in two patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4014730
TI  - Cardiac electrophysiologic effects of pancuronium.
AB  - A microelectrode examination of guinea pig left ventricular papillary muscle was
      performed to determine whether there was a direct effect of pancuronium on
      cardiac cells and, if so, to attempt to ascertain the mechanism of this effect.
      Electrical events were measured before and during superfusion with pancuronium,
      epinephrine, propranolol, and verapamil; alone and in various combinations.
      Pancuronium prolonged the duration of the action potential (AP); increased
      resting potential (Em), AP magnitude, and rate of rise of the AP (dV/dt); and
      resulted in spontaneity in 12% of the muscles. Epinephrine and pancuronium
      combined caused spontaneity in 80% of the muscles and oscillatory behavior.
      Additionally, this combination decreased AP magnitude, Em, and dV/dt in several
      preparations--a pattern of response similar to that seen in ouabain-treated
      myocardial cells under the influence of catecholamines. These changes were always
      reversed by verapamil or by perfusion with a drug-free medium, and were usually
      reversed by propranolol. The data suggest a combined pancuronium/epinephrine
      induced increase in cardiac membrane permeability to Ca2+.

PMID- 4014731
TI  - Incidence of malignant hyperthermia in Denmark.
AB  - Questionnaires were sent to all anesthesia departments in Denmark to determine
      the total number of anesthetics given per year, and the distribution of different
      types of anesthesia. All cases of suspected malignant hyperthermia forwarded to
      the Danish Malignant Hyperthermia Register during a 6.5 yr period were reviewed
      and divided into subgroups according to clinical criteria. The incidence of
      suspected malignant hyperthermia in these subgroups was calculated in relation to
      type of anesthesia. The results are based on information about 386,250
      anesthetics and 154 cases of suspected malignant hyperthermia. All cases of
      malignant hyperthermia occurred during general anesthesia, and more than 75%
      during anesthesia with a combination of potent inhalation agents and
      succinylcholine. The incidence of fulminant malignant hyperthermia was low: 1 in
      250,000 total anesthetic procedures, but 1 in 62,000 anesthetic procedures with a
      combination of potent inhalation agents and succinylcholine. Masseter spasm
      occurred in 1 of 12,000 anesthetic procedures in which succinylcholine was
      administered. Suspicion of malignant hyperthermia was raised in 1 of 16,000
      anesthetics total, but in 1 of 4,200 anesthetics with the above-mentioned
      combination of agents.

PMID- 4014732
TI  - A retrospective study of the incidence and causes of failed spinal anesthetics in
      a university hospital.
AB  - One hundred sequential spinal anesthetic procedures were reviewed retrospectively
      to study specifically the incidence and causes of spinal anesthesia. Variables
      examined included the patient population, the technical aspects of performing
      subarachnoid tap and subsequent blockade, and the level of training of the
      anesthetists. We found a 17% incidence of spinal failure, defined as the need to
      use general anesthesia during the surgical procedure. Failure was found to be
      significantly associated with a lack of free flow of cerebral spinal fluid, the
      use of tetracaine without epinephrine, and an increased administration of
      intravenous supplementation. Forty-one% of the failures represented errors in
      judgement, either in not properly anticipating the duration of surgery or
      injecting local anesthetic solution in the absence of a free flow of cerebral
      spinal fluid. An incidental finding was the lack of documentation in many of the
      variables examined. We attribute the high incidence of failed spinal anesthesia
      mainly to technical reasons, most of them avoidable. The use of local and
      regional anesthesia requires considerable technical skills and demands a precise
      and total understanding of regional anatomic relationships. With the decreasing
      use of regional anesthesia in our operating rooms, only those regional anesthesia
      techniques that require minimum dexterity, such as spinal and epidural
      anesthesia, continue to be utilized widely; and even these techniques, safe as
      they are, are being poorly taught.

PMID- 4014733
TI  - Continuous measurement of intravascular pH with a fiberoptic sensor.

PMID- 4014734
TI  - Sublingual emphysema complicating dental anesthesia.

PMID- 4014735
TI  - Atomizer modification for nasal administration of cocaine and other drugs.

PMID- 4014736
TI  - Ventilatory management of massive bronchial hemorrhage by endobronchial high
      frequency jet ventilation and continuous suctioning.

PMID- 4014737
TI  - A method for detection of incompetent unidirectional dome valves: a prevalent
      malfunction.

PMID- 4014739
TI  - Sensitive measures of outcome.

PMID- 4014738
TI  - Respiratory insufficiency after gastrostomy prior to tracheoesophageal fistula
      repair.

PMID- 4014740
TI  - Anesthesia and analgesia are mediated by different mechanisms.

PMID- 4014741
TI  - Regional blood flows during induced hypotension produced by nitroprusside or
      trimethaphan in the rhesus monkey.
AB  - In monkeys anesthetized with 70% nitrous oxide and 0.5% inspired halothane in
      oxygen, we measured changes in systemic hemodynamics and regional blood flows
      produced by nitroprusside and trimethaphan. Regional blood flow measurements were
      made using the radioactive microsphere technique. Control measurements were made
      before infusion of nitroprusside and trimethaphan into each animal in sequence in
      amounts adequate to reduce mean arterial pressure to approximately 55 +/- 5 mm
      Hg. Measurements were made during each drug infusion after a stable period of
      hypotension lasting at least 30 min. During nitroprusside infusion, cerebral
      blood flow remained unchanged, but myocardial blood flow increased significantly.
      However, pressure-rate product, an indirect measure of myocardial oxygen
      consumption, was unchanged, implying that myocardial blood flow exceeded
      myocardial oxygen requirement. During trimethaphan infusion, cerebral blood flow
      decreased, although cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen was unchanged due to
      increased oxygen extraction by the brain. Trimethaphan also produced a decrease
      in myocardial blood flow that was in proportion to the decrease in myocardial
      oxygen requirement as indicated by pressure-rate product. Neither drug produced
      changes in renal or total hepatic blood flows. We conclude that brain oxygen
      reserve is decreased during hypotension induced by trimethaphan. Blood flows to
      other organs are not significantly impaired in monkeys during hypotension to a
      mean arterial pressure of approximately 55 mm Hg induced by either nitroprusside
      or trimethaphan.

PMID- 4014742
TI  - Antagonism of phase II succinylcholine block by neostigmine.
AB  - The neuromuscular effect of neostigmine, 1.25 mg/70 kg, was assessed in 40 adult
      patients 10 min after cessation of a succinylcholine infusion. The patients had
      received a thiopental-nitrous oxide anesthetic supplemented by halothane or
      fentanyl during which they were given at least 5 mg/kg succinylcholine over more
      than 90 min. Train-of-four monitoring was used. Neostigmine accelerated recovery
      of neuromuscular function in all patients. The degree of recovery was directly
      related to the train-of-four ratio, and the results in patients who had received
      halothane were no different from those who had received fentanyl. The findings
      are compatible with the hypothesis that phase I block depends upon the presence
      of circulating succinylcholine and decreases as the latter is cleared, whereas
      phase II block decreases more slowly. Thus succinylcholine block can be
      antagonized by neostigmine if enough time is allowed for phase I block to
      disappear and for a pure phase II block to be present.

PMID- 4014743
TI  - Epidural morphine: a clinical double-blind study of dosage.
AB  - The purpose of this randomized double-blind study was to determine the optimal
      dose of epidural morphine by establishing a dose-effect relationship. The 139
      patients, who had orthopedic operations on the lower extremities, received
      continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine, 0.75%, with or without
      the addition of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 mg of morphine hydrochloride. Analgesia and side
      effects were determined during the first 24 hr postoperatively. In the 12-hr
      period after epidural anesthesia, arterial blood gas tensions were compared
      between those patients who received 5 mg morphine (n = 13) and those who received
      no morphine (n = 14). Patients who received 2 or more mg of morphine were less
      likely to require the administration of postoperative systemic analgesics (P less
      than 0.05). The addition of 2 or more mg of morphine to bupivacaine, 0.75%,
      reduced postoperative pain intensity (P less than 0.05); 5 mg of morphine reduced
      pain intensity for the longest time. Frequency of catheterization and pruritus
      increased dose-dependently. The mean PaCO2 after 5 mg of epidural morphine
      averaged 5 mm Hg higher than in the control group, indicating minor respiratory
      depression, better analgesia, or both. The dose of 3 mg of epidural morphine
      added to the local anesthetic is recommended for postoperative analgesia after
      surgery of the lower extremity; it is a compromise that provides adequate
      analgesia with an acceptably low frequency and intensity of side effects.

PMID- 4014744
TI  - Potentiation of systemic morphine analgesia in humans by proglumide, a
      cholecystokinin antagonist.
AB  - Proglumide, a cholecystokinin antagonist, potentiates analgesia produced in rats
      by morphine and endogenous opiates, and appears to reverse tolerance in rats to
      opiate analgesia. Therefore, proglumide and other cholecystokinin antagonists may
      be clinically valuable. We have tested proglumide's possible opiate analgesic
      potentiating effects by examining, in volunteers, the effects of morphine and
      proglumide on human pain visual analogue scale responses to 45-51 degrees C skin
      temperature stimuli. Proglumide (50-100 micrograms intravenously) potentiated
      both the magnitude and duration of analgesia produced by small doses of morphine.
      This study provides indirect evidence for a cholecystokinin-opiate interaction in
      humans. Therefore, cholecystokinin antagonists such as proglumide may serve to
      potentiate exogenous or endogenous opiate action.

PMID- 4014745
TI  - Respiratory sinus arrhythmia during recovery from isoflurane-nitrous oxide
      anesthesia.
AB  - Heart rate and respiratory patterns were monitored in ten ambulatory female
      patients undergoing elective laparoscopy. The patients were anesthetized with
      isoflurane-nitrous oxide. An index of cardiac vagal tone determined from the
      heart rate pattern by quantifying the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia
      was elevated over four 10-min periods: before induction of anesthesia; during
      maintenance of anesthesia; upon arrival in the recovery room; and 20-30 min later
      when the patient was fully conscious. All ten patients' vagal tones were lowest
      during maintenance of anesthesia. During the recovery periods vagal tone
      increased and approached the conscious level. On-line analysis of respiratory
      sinus arrhythmia may provide a physiological index of the level of anesthesia and
      the rate of recovery.

PMID- 4014746
TI  - Temperature and ventilation after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Rewarming in the postoperative period after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass is
      often associated with hemodynamic and ventilatory instability. Temperature
      changes, PaCO2 values, and delivered mechanical ventilation were observed for the
      first 12 hr in the intensive care unit in 73 patients who had undergone cardiac
      surgery with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Mean rectal temperature
      increased from 34.7 to 38.3 degrees C over the first 8 hr after admission to the
      intensive care unit (P less than 0.001). The temperature curve was sigmoid rather
      than linear, and the most rapid rate of temperature increase occurred 2-4 hr
      after admission. During rewarming, the most common abnormality of PaCO2 on
      mechanical ventilation was acute respiratory acidosis (PaCO2 greater than 45 mm
      Hg, pH less than 7.35), which occurred in 42% of patients. This suggests that
      ventilatory management in the early postoperative period after hypothermic
      cardiopulmonary bypass should be carefully adjusted to the increased metabolic
      rate during rapid rewarming.

PMID- 4014747
TI  - Aminophylline is an antagonist of lorazepam.

PMID- 4014748
TI  - Hydropneumothorax after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

PMID- 4014749
TI  - Closed circuit anesthesia is accurate at any altitude.

PMID- 4014750
TI  - Epidural anesthesia in patients with spinal fusion.

PMID- 4014751
TI  - An unusual complication of the Arrow Radial Artery Kit.

PMID- 4014752
TI  - Valsalva maneuver in pulmonary artery catheterization.

PMID- 4014753
TI  - Convulsions and ventricular tachycardia from bupivacaine with epinephrine:
      successful resuscitation--congratulations!

PMID- 4014754
TI  - Use of neurosurgical patients for muscle relaxant studies.

PMID- 4014755
TI  - Equilibrium of 1% halothane with components of the central nervous system.

PMID- 4014756
TI  - Are neuromuscular blocking agents more efficacious in pairs?

PMID- 4014757
TI  - Persistent phrenic nerve paresis following interscalene brachial plexus block.

PMID- 4014758
TI  - In support of diffusion barriers about nerve.

PMID- 4014759
TI  - General anesthesia without O2 analyzer--a substandard practice.

PMID- 4014760
TI  - Portable semiclosed circuit for prolonged oxygen administration in aircraft.

PMID- 4014761
TI  - Differentiating interstitial fluid from cerebral spinal fluid.

PMID- 4014762
TI  - An alternate method to manage patients with protamine hypersensitivity for
      cardiac surgery.

PMID- 4014763
TI  - Early detection of malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 4014764
TI  - Respiratory monitoring for children undergoing radiation therapy.

PMID- 4014765
TI  - Failure to withdraw flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope after nasotracheal
      intubation.

PMID- 4014766
TI  - Simple charcoal filter for closed circuit anesthesia.

PMID- 4014767
TI  - Isoflurane-fentanyl flush.

PMID- 4014768
TI  - Pronounced, episodic oxygen desaturation in the postoperative period: its
      association with ventilatory pattern and analgesic regimen.
AB  - The respiratory effects of two postoperative analgesic regimens were compared in
      two groups of 16 patients each, recovering from general anesthesia and major
      surgery. One group received a pain-relieving dose of iv morphine (mean, 18.1 mg),
      with the same dose repeated as a continuous intravenous infusion over the
      subsequent 24 h. The other group received regional anesthesia using bupivacaine.
      The patients were monitored for 16 h after surgery. The two analgesic regimens
      provided patients with comparable analgesia throughout the study period, but
      there were quite different respiratory effects in the two groups. Ten patients
      receiving morphine infusions had a total of 456 episodes of pronounced oxygen
      desaturation (SaO2 less than 80%). These occurred only while the patients were
      asleep, and all were associated with disturbances in ventilatory pattern, namely,
      obstructive apnea (144 episodes in eight patients), paradoxic breathing (275
      episodes in six patients), and period of slow ventilatory rate (37 episodes in
      one patient). In contrast, in patients receiving regional anesthesia, oxygen
      saturation never decreased below 87%. Central apnea, obstructive apnea, and
      paradoxic breathing occurred more frequently in patients in the morphine group
      (12, 10, and 10 patients, respectively) than patients in the regional anesthesia
      group (4, 3, and 5 patients, respectively). The interaction of sleep and morphine
      analgesia produced disturbances in ventilatory pattern, causing profound oxygen
      destruction. These results suggest that postoperative pain relief using regional
      anaesthesia has a greater margin of safety in terms of respiratory side effects
      than does the continuous administration of opiates.

PMID- 4014769
TI  - Anticonvulsant actions of enflurane on epilepsy models in cats.
AB  - The effects of enflurane on three epilepsy models were studied in cats. The
      models used were seizures in amygdaloid kindled cats and those induced by
      bicuculline and penicillin. The authors found that not only a subconvulsive
      (1.5%) but a convulsive (3.5%) dose of enflurane suppressed the seizures in all
      models. There was no sign of activation by enflurane of the epileptic focal
      activities in the dose range studied: the penicillin-induced cortical seizure was
      suppressed completely, and the threshold dose of bicuculline required to induce
      seizure in normal cats and the threshold current required to induce seizure in
      amygdaloid-kindled cats were both increased by both the subconvulsive and
      convulsive dose of enflurane. The pattern of suppression was, however, dissimilar
      in each model. It was dose dependent in the case of penicillin-induced seizure,
      while it was biphasic in several aspects in the seizures of bicuculline-induced
      and amygdaloid kindled models. For the subconvulsive dose the degrees of increase
      in the thresholds required to induce seizure in bicuculline-induced and
      amygdaloid-kindled models were both greater than those for the convulsive dose of
      enflurane. In spite of such a definite suppression of the excitability of focus,
      the propagation of amygdaloid after-discharge was facilitated by the convulsive
      dose. The intensity of convulsion induced by suprathreshold dose of bicuculline
      was depressed in a dose-related manner. The intensity of the convulsion in the
      amygdaloid-kindled model was also suppressed when it was estimated by visual
      inspection of behavior and the degree of activation of the brain electrical
      activities. The authors conclude that there is little, if any, exacerbation by
      enflurane of preexisting epileptic foci, the only exception possibly being the
      case of certain myoclonic type epilepsies such as progressive myoclonic epilepsy
      and photosensitive epilepsy. This anesthetic probably can be used with a
      considerable degree of safety for epileptic patients.

PMID- 4014770
TI  - Thiopental pharmacokinetics under conditions of long-term infusion.
AB  - Thiopental was used in long-term infusion (3-4.5 mg . kg-1 . h-1 during 4-8 days)
      to protect the brain from injury following trauma. Thiopental plasma
      concentrations were measured during infusion (48 patients) and after infusion (14
      patients) to determine the kinetics of the drug in continuous infusion. All mean
      values were mean +/- SD. Steady state concentrations (Css) were 31.8 +/- 10.7
      mg/l for an infusion rate of 3.05 +/- 0.37 mg . kg-1 . h-1 and 48.9 +/- 14.6 mg/l
      for a rate of 4.2 +/- 0.3 mg . kg-1 . h-1. Corresponding steady state clearance
      decreased when Css increased, indicating possible saturation of the metabolic
      enzymatic system. Michaelis-Menten kinetics were confirmed by postinfusion data
      that give, for higher Css, a nonlinear decay of log C versus time. First-order
      kinetics were only obtained with Css below 30 mg/l. The maximum rate of
      elimination (Vm) was 1.76 +/- 1.15 mg . l-1 . h-1 (n = 11), and the Michaelis
      constant (Km) was 26.7 +/- 22.9 mg/l (n = 11). Hepatic enzyme saturation was
      between 35 and 85%. The volume of distribution at steady state was 4.35 +/- 1.83
      l/kg (n = 11). Apparent half-lives of elimination were between 18 and 36 h at the
      end of infusion, and predicted terminal half-lives were 10.15 +/- 5.43 h (n =
      11). Phases of burst-suppression were observed on electroencephalographic traces
      for concentrations greater than 40 mg/l. The authors' results suggest that a
      continuous infusion at a dose of 4 mg . kg-1 . h-1 induces EEG changes consistent
      with a near-maximum reduction in cerebral metabolism. Because of the thiopental
      Michaelis-Menten kinetics at doses above 4 mg . kg-1 . h-1, the authors suggest
      that thiopental plasma concentrations be measured and/or the drug effect be
      measured with the EEG to prevent excessive thiopental overdosage, causing a
      prolonged recovery time.

PMID- 4014771
TI  - Local spinal cord blood flow and glucose utilization during spinal anesthesia
      with bupivacaine in conscious rats.
AB  - The author studied in conscious rats the local spinal blood flow (SCBF) and
      metabolic effects of intrathecally administered bupivacaine. Fourteen rats
      received 0.75% bupivacaine, 15 microliters, through a chronically implanted
      lumbar subarachnoid catheter. Twelve control animals were treated identically,
      except that they received only an equal volume of saline intrathecally. Ten
      minutes after intrathecal drug injection, either local SCBF or glucose
      utilization was measured in the lumbar spinal cord of seven experimental and six
      control animals with the quantitative autoradiographic iodo-[14C]antipyrine or 2
      [14C]deoxyglucose methods, respectively. Intrathecal bupivacaine produced a limp
      tail, absent hindlimb withdrawal to pinch, and 25-30 min of analgesia on the tail
      flick test. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased 14% (P less than 0.01) after
      bupivacaine was administered, but there was no change in arterial blood gases,
      pH, or rectal temperature. Subarachnoid bupivacaine reduced both local SCBF and
      glucose utilization, but the SCBF effect was larger. Local SCBF decreased 27-34%
      (P less than 0.01) in all five spinal gray and three white matter areas measured,
      and there was little regional variability in the response. The reduction in
      spinal glucose utilization was regionally selective and less marked. For example,
      glucose utilization decreased 15% (P less than 0.05) and 21% (P less than 0.05)
      in lateral and anterior spinal white matter, respectively, but only decreased
      approximately 3% in laminae I-III and dorsal white matter (P greater than 0.1). A
      trend toward metabolic depression was also evident in laminae VIII (-15%, P =
      0.06), VII (-13%, P = 0.09), and IV-VI (-11%, P greater than 0.1).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014772
TI  - Differential margin of safety of conduction in individual peripheral axons.
AB  - The relation between fiber size and safety of conduction was tested in vitro on
      individual afferent axons of rabbit vagus nerve by lowering the external sodium
      ion concentration and noting the effect on threshold excitability and conduction
      velocity. Conduction safety of myelinated axons was found to be independent of
      fiber size and slightly less than among unmyelinated axons. The results are
      consistent with previous data from the same model, where blocking concentration
      and diffusion time of lidocaine to the excitable membrane of individual axons
      also were independent of myelinated axonal size. The evidence from these single
      unit studies implies that the differential blocks of functional modalities
      observed with spinal and epidural anesthesia probably do not arise from fiber
      size-related differences in susceptibility to block: possible alternatives are
      mentioned briefly.

PMID- 4014773
TI  - The effect of halothane on drug disposition: contribution of changes in intrinsic
      drug metabolizing capacity and hepatic blood flow.
AB  - Several studies have shown that halothane may influence drug disposition in
      animals and humans, but the mechanism remains unclear. The relative contributions
      of changes in metabolizing capacity and hepatic blood flow to altered drug
      disposition were investigated during halothane anesthesia, using propranolol as a
      model compound. The studies were performed on six dogs on three separate days;
      first, the day before anesthesia, second, during halothane (2.0 MAC) anesthesia,
      and third, 24 h after anesthesia. Each dog simultaneously received 40 mg
      unlabeled propranolol directly into the portal vein and 200 mCi of 3H-propranolol
      intravenously via chronically implanted catheters. Blood samples were taken every
      5 min for the first hour and then every 15 min for a further 3 h for the
      measurement of unlabeled and 3H-propranolol concentrations. During halothane
      anesthesia, intraportal-intrinsic clearance was decreased by 62% (P less than
      0.05) from 2,110 +/- 298 to 799 +/- 233 ml/min, while systemic clearance was
      decreased (P less than 0.05) from 470 +/- 33 ml/min preanesthesia to 280 +/- 38
      ml/min during halothane anesthesia. The intravenous elimination half-life was
      increased (P less than 0.05) from 87 +/- 12 to 155 +/- 23 min during anesthesia.
      Although halothane anesthesia tended to lower liver plasma flow from 642 +/- 80
      to 473 +/- 47 ml/min, this change was not significant. The large change in portal
      or intrinsic clearance indicates that halothane anesthesia markedly inhibits drug
      metabolizing ability. The authors therefore conclude that the alterations in drug
      disposition observed during halothane anesthesia are mainly due to inhibition of
      drug-metabolizing capacity in the liver.

PMID- 4014774
TI  - An analyzer for in-line measurement of expiratory sulfur hexafluoride
      concentration.
AB  - An infrared analyzer for the inert tracer gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is
      described and evaluated. The analyzer consists of a transducer and a processor
      unit. It is designed to operate in a nonrebreathing system with a ventilator and
      a computer. The transducer, which is placed over a cuvette with windows in the
      ventilator tubings, reads the SF6 concentration in the airway during the
      expiratory phase. At the end of the inspiratory phase, the zero level of the
      instrument is automatically reset. The response time and linearity of the
      analyzer were tested, and interference by other gases was assessed. Full response
      was reached within 20 ms after a sudden introduction of 0.5% SF6 into the
      cuvette. The analyzer-computer system had adequate linearity below 0.5% of SF6.
      Oxygen, nitrogen, and humid air had no influence on the analyzer signal. One
      hundred per cent nitrous oxide, 4% enflurane, 4% isoflurane, and 4% halothane
      caused signals corresponding to 0.010, 0.023, 0.022, and 0.043% SF6,
      respectively. Due to the method for zero reset, the importance of interference
      from these gases is greatly reduced when inspired and expired concentration
      approach each other. The disturbance from CO2 (10% CO2 gave a signal
      corresponding to 0.020% SF6) can be compensated for by including a CO2 analyzer
      in the set-up. The rapid response and the high sensitivity of the analyzer may
      make it useful for studies of pulmonary gas mixing and for measurements of lung
      volume during mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 4014775
TI  - The hemodynamic response to traction on the abdominal mesentery.

PMID- 4014776
TI  - Cyanosis and tachypnea with weight loss in an infant.

PMID- 4014777
TI  - Rhinolaryngoscopy in the allergy office.
AB  - Rhinolaryngoscopy is a valuable diagnostic and treatment assessment tool for the
      allergist. We present a method for office use of the rhinolaryngofiberscope and
      review our experience with 400 consecutive examinations.

PMID- 4014778
TI  - Intranasal cocaine abuse in an allergists office.
AB  - Fourteen adults complaining of persistent nasal congestion were found to be
      recreational cocaine users. All eventually admitted to intranasal drug snorting.
      None responded to routine nasal therapy.

PMID- 4014779
TI  - The influence of perennial allergic rhinitis on facial type and a pilot study of
      the effect of allergy management on facial growth patterns.
AB  - Perennial rhinitis with an allergic component (PRAC) in association with chronic
      mouthbreathing has been thought to cause skeletal open-bite facial type and
      narrow transverse facial dimensions. The object of this study was to supply data
      for this theory and to determine if allergy management would alter the course of
      facial growth. When a group of children, aged 5 to 10 years, with PRAC was
      compared with a matched control sample, a significantly larger palatomandibular
      angle and lower anterior facial height were found for the PRAC group. Transverse
      cephalometric measurements showed significantly narrower bilateral orbital
      breadth, bizygomatic, and binasal dimensions (narrower face) of the PRAC patients
      compared with the control sample. A pilot study of twelve PRAC patients who
      received 2 1/2 years of allergy management revealed no significant dento-facial
      dimensional change. This study suggests that PRAC with chronic mouthbreathing can
      alter the development of the midface. Whether allergy therapy can prevent or
      change this is as yet uncertain.

PMID- 4014780
TI  - Calcium phosphate adjuvanted allergens.
AB  - Calcium phosphate has been used for many years as an adjuvant for vaccines.
      Results of field trials using calcium phosphate in several countries have been
      published and demonstrate high immunogenicity and the absence of untoward
      reactions. This paper presents preliminary results of studies on the use of
      calcium phosphate, instead of aluminum compounds, for preparing adsorbed
      allergens. These were performed with purified house dust, mite, and grass pollen
      extracts. Immunotherapy with house dust and mite extracts gave a high rate (70%)
      of satisfactory therapeutic results. Efficacy was compared with immunization
      carried out with fluid preparations under the same conditions. It was found that
      satisfactory results were of the same order, but elicited a higher number of
      injections. Immunotherapy with calcium phosphate adjuvanted allergens was also
      equal, as with aluminium adjuvanted allergens, according to published data. Good
      tolerance was noted for adsorbed grass pollen extracts, but clinical evaluation
      of results can only be reported after treatments during at least three seasons.

PMID- 4014781
TI  - The occurrence of indoor allergens in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Investigations on indoor airborne allergens in Saudi Arabia were performed by
      mold cultures and dust analyses by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis. Twenty
      fungal genera were isolated, with Aspergillus as the most often encountered. Most
      of the dust-bound fungi found are ubiquitous and common. Antibodies against
      Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, cat- cow- and rat dander, and Cynodon dactylon
      pollen were used in the dust analyses. Animal antigens were found in five of the
      ten dust samples. House dust mites were extraordinarily rare. Pollen of Cynodon
      dactylon (Bermuda grass) was present in nearly all the samples, and in a
      concurrent clinical study this antigen was found to be the most common cause of
      perennial rhinitis.

PMID- 4014782
TI  - Irritable bowel syndrome and hypersensitivity to food.
AB  - Food hypersensitivity as a cause of irritable bowel syndrome was investigated by
      means of exclusion diet and blind provocation. Twelve atopic and twelve non
      atopic individuals entered into the study. Skin prick testing with 20 foods and
      food additives and RAST specific for food only, were done in all cases. Serum IgE
      level was also measured. In 14 patients one or several food or additives were
      shown to induce the typical symptoms of IBS. In at least nine cases of atopy, an
      IgE-mediated mechanism could be incriminated. Among other potential pathogenetic
      mechanisms, the presence in the intestinal tract of yeast (Candida albicans,
      Geotrichum candidum) seems to be of major importance. Yeast apparently favor the
      development of allergic as well as pseudo-allergic reactions, at least in some
      patients. Finally, at least in atopic patients complaining of IBS, it is of
      importance to search for a food component. Dramatic clinical improvements can
      result from the introduction of an adequate exclusion diet.

PMID- 4014783
TI  - Non-allergic bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatic children decreases with age
      and increases with mite immunotherapy.
AB  - Bronchial reactivity to histamine increased 2-fold or greater in six of seven
      mite-sensitive asthmatic children after mite immunotherapy for 1 year. Bronchial
      reactivity decreased 2-fold or greater in seven of the eight subjects who
      received no injections (P = .008).

PMID- 4014784
TI  - Mononeuritis multiplex and eosinophilia in a patient with asthma.

PMID- 4014785
TI  - Behavioral strategies and theophylline compliance in asthmatic children.

PMID- 4014786
TI  - Metered dose inhaler induced bronchospasm in asthmatic patients.
AB  - Beta-adrenergic agonists in metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are used extensively in
      the treatment of asthma. Previously we reported that 23 of 1450 (1.6%) of our
      asthmatic patients experienced immediate bronchoconstriction after using MDI
      albuterol. In this study we investigated immediate bronchoconstriction after use
      of MDI-metaproterenol and after placebo-inhaler with "inert ingredients" only.
      Results suggest that those patients who complained of chest tightness or lack of
      relief following the use of MDI beta-adrenergic agonists are having true
      bronchoconstriction. The bronchoconstrictive response is most likely caused by
      the propellants or the other inert ingredients contained in these MDIs.

PMID- 4014787
TI  - Migraine: a diagnostic test for etiology of food sensitivity by a nutritionally
      supported fast and confirmed by long-term report.
AB  - A diagnostic procedure during a nutritionally supported fast week followed by
      conventional food sensitivity management achieved major improvement for 80% of a
      migraine panel. This procedure gave a reliable (0.8 correlation coefficient)
      prognosis on the substantial value of this approach for selection of the
      treatment of migraine. The study gave two lines of evidence which indicate that
      migraine has an etiology of food sensitivity.

PMID- 4014788
TI  - Severe acute "occupational asthma" caused by accidental allergen exposure in an
      allergen challenge laboratory.

PMID- 4014789
TI  - Severe anemia and chronic bronchitis associated with a markedly elevated specific
      IgG to cow's milk protein.

PMID- 4014790
TI  - Storage mites culturing, sampling technique, identification and their role in
      housedust allergy in rural areas in the United Kingdom.
AB  - Patients with symptoms suggesting housedust mite allergy were tested to storage
      mites, housedust, and Dermatophagoides spp. Housedust was examined for mites. All
      patients responded to storage mites. Some were negative to Dermatophagoides. All
      houses proved to have storage mites in the dust as well as Dermatophagoides,
      mainly in food stores or pet beds. Storage mites, therefore, are involved in dust
      allergy.

PMID- 4014791
TI  - New treatment for ragweed hayfever: polymerized ragweed.

PMID- 4014792
TI  - Ingestible vegetable antigens for immunotherapy?

PMID- 4014793
TI  - [What is wrong with your article?].

PMID- 4014794
TI  - [Quality of recovery after general anesthesia with isoflurane or halothane].
AB  - The quality of recovery and the time required for it were compared in two groups
      of 20 patients after general anaesthesia with isoflurane or halothane for
      elective head and neck surgery. The groups were comparable with regard to age,
      sex ratio, ASA physical status, type of surgery and duration of anaesthesia.
      After premedication with diazepam and atropine, a standard induction technique
      was used (thiopentone, succinylcholine), avoiding opiates and sedatives.
      Maintenance was assured with a mixture of 30% oxygen, 70% nitrous oxide and
      isoflurane or halothane. The time between the end of administration of
      anaesthetic drugs and eye opening was 7.15 +/- 2.9 min in the isoflurane group,
      and 11.0 +/- 4.7 min in the halothane group (p less than 0.01). The differences
      between the times for the return of spatial and temporal orientation and of
      mental arithmetic were not significant, though they were clinically clearly
      perceptible. The patients were less sleepy, livelier and less agitated in the
      isoflurane group in the first hour of recovery. Recovery was more rapid after
      general anaesthesia with isoflurane, and of better clinical quality.

PMID- 4014795
TI  - [Central venous catheterization in pediatric hematology].
AB  - Central venous catheters (CVC) have proven to be a reliable route of the
      administration of chemotherapy, saline, blood cells and nutritional support in
      patients with malignant haematological disease. However, infection remained one
      of the most important causes of morbidity associated with this procedure. The
      aims of this study were a) to evaluate the efficacy of laminar air flow to
      prevent CVC infections, b) to study morbidity associated with polyethylene (PE)
      and silicone (S) catheters, and c) to evaluate the part played by increasing
      staff practice. 177 CVC were inserted in 170 children during a period of 20
      months. Ages ranged from 5 months to 15 years (mean: 7 years). All the S CVC were
      tunnelled whereas, because of their rigidity, none of the PE CVC were. At the
      time of their removal, bacteriological samples from the CVC skin exit site, blood
      drawn through the catheter and the tips of these CVC were cultured. During the
      first period (one year), three groups of CVC were studied: in group 1, 37 S CVC
      in patients placed in a non-sterile ward; in group 2, 40 S CVC in children nursed
      under laminar air flow; in group 3, 60 PE CVC in patients of a non-sterile ward.
      During the second period (8 months), 40 new S CVC were inserted in children
      nursed in non-sterile wards, but after nursing staff training (group 4).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014796
TI  - [Blood loss and nausea during legal abortion].
AB  - The efficiency of oxytocic drugs in therapeutic abortion was studied in 113 women
      who were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 44) receiving no
      oxytocic drugs, a group (n = 36) receiving 0.2 mg ergometrine by slow intravenous
      injection, or a group (n = 33) given 5 units oxytocin in a intravenous infusion
      throughout the procedure. The three groups were comparable with regard to the age
      of patients, the age of pregnancies and parity. The surgical procedure was the
      same in all three groups and carried out by the same surgeon. General anaesthesia
      was obtained with an infusion of 500 mg methohexitone and 500 micrograms fentanyl
      in 500 ml isotonic dextrose solution at a rate of 3 ml X min-1. The anaesthetic
      requirements were 2.94 +/- 0.80 micrograms X kg-1 fentanyl and 2.94 +/- 0,80 mg X
      kg-1 methohexitone. The criteria studied were the blood loss as measured by the
      volume aspired, the presence or absence of nausea and vomiting after the
      procedure, the age of pregnancy and the total amount of anaesthetic drugs given.
      No correlation was found between the amount of anaesthetic drugs given and the
      frequency of nausea and vomiting, and between the amount of blood lost (r =
      0.287; ddl = 111; alpha = 17.322). The study did not, therefore, confirm the
      reputation of oxytocic drugs in reducing the bleeding. It seemed that, in
      therapeutic abortion, spontaneous uterine contraction was sufficient to control
      the bleeding. But a significant correlation was found between the amount of blood
      lost and the age of the pregnancy (r = 0.399; ddl = 111; alpha less than 1%).

PMID- 4014797
TI  - [Acute renal failure after extracorporeal circulation with aortic
      counterpulsation in surgically treated patients].
AB  - In a series of 604 adults operated on for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary
      bypass (CPB), 21 (3.5%) underwent circulatory assistance by intra-aortic balloon
      pump (IABP); in 5 of them (24%), acute renal failure (ARF) was observed. ARF
      occurred in only 26 (4.4%) of the other patients who did not require IABP.
      Evolution of ARF and its factors were therefore investigated in those patients
      having received IABP. ARF was defined as serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) greater
      than or equal to 16 mmol X 1(-1), urinary urea/BUN less than 10, creatinine
      clearance less than 40 ml X min-1 X 1.73 m-2. Some perioperative features were
      compared between patients with postoperative ARF and those without ARF. ARF
      occurred in the 5 patients with IABP during, or immediately after, weaning from
      IABP. ARF was more frequent in patients operated on for mechanical complications
      of myocardial infarction with a significant more severe haemodynamic status. They
      had significantly longer CPB and aortic clamping times. The prognosis depended on
      the cardiac failure and not on the ARF. In patients with mechanical complications
      of infarction, early IABP seemed to be the predominant preventive measure. Other
      therapeutic implications are suggested, particularly the use of dopamine (1 to 3
      micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) because of its renal vasodilating action which can
      contribute to the maintenance of urinary flow.

PMID- 4014798
TI  - [Hemostasis and thrombosis in the preoperative period. Practical management].

PMID- 4014799
TI  - [Pleural clot ablation and fibrinolytic agents].
AB  - Two patients presenting with an important intrapleural clot with
      cardiorespiratory repercussions were given in situ thrombolytic treatment after
      drainage with a suction tube had failed. The first patient was treated
      immediately after thoracophrenolaparotomy for hepatic surgery. Dissolution of the
      clot was obtained with two local injections of urokinase (450,000 IU). The second
      patient was treated on the tenth day of a recurring post-traumatic clot, with
      urokinase (75,000 IU, then 225,000 IU) each day. In addition, this patient
      received lys-plasminogen locally (15 mukat, then 30 mukat). Dissolution of the
      clot was complete within five days. Clinical tolerance was excellent and there
      was no effect on the usual clotting studies. This study confirms previous
      findings, and underlines the usefulness of this method and its lack of adverse
      effects, even immediately postoperatively.

PMID- 4014800
TI  - [Circulatory arrest in the operating room in a patient with a congenital long QT
      syndrome].
AB  - Reversible cardiocirculatory arrest was observed during orthopaedic treatment of
      a digital dislocation in a 37 year old female patient. Cardiological studies
      showed a prolonged QT interval (0.6 s) in the patient and her daughter,
      associated with hypokalemia (3.4 mmol) in the former. The diagnosis suggested was
      that of Romano-Ward's syndrome. Preparation and choice of anaesthesia are
      discussed.

PMID- 4014801
TI  - [Massive traumatic hemoptysis].
AB  - A case is reported of a patient who suffered a rupture of one lung as result of
      thoracic trauma. This gave rise to respiratory distress with massive haemoptysis
      which was initially treated with a double-lumen endotracheal tube, with separate
      lung ventilation, a chest drain and massive transfusion. A haemostatic
      pneumonectomy had to be performed because of the persisting and profuse bleeding.

PMID- 4014802
TI  - [Percutaneous catheterization of the deep brachial vein].
AB  - 50 attempts of deep percutaneous antecubital catheterization are reported. A
      tourniquet was applied to the upper arm and the medial deep brachial vein was
      punctured in a point immediately medial to the brachial artery, in the
      antecubital fossa. Venepuncture was successful in 88% of the cases (44 cases),
      catheterization possible in 72% of the cases (36 cases). The catheter reached the
      central venous compartment in 60% of the cases (30 cases). The only benign
      complication was injury to the brachial artery in 6 cases. Mean duration of
      catheterization was 20 days. This very easy and safe technique can be used when
      superficial veins are unusable and use of the deep central veins dangerous or
      impossible.

PMID- 4014803
TI  - [Temporary registration of cases of peranesthetic malignant hyperthermia in
      France].

PMID- 4014804
TI  - [General anesthesia for cesarean section. Myths and realities].

PMID- 4014805
TI  - [Gas leakage on a respirator].

PMID- 4014806
TI  - [Spinal anesthesia in elderly subjects for orthopedic surgery].

PMID- 4014807
TI  - [An easily improvisable pneumatic transfusion accelerator].

PMID- 4014808
TI  - The effectiveness of calcium chloride in refractory electromechanical
      dissociation.
AB  - The effectiveness of calcium in electromechanical dissociation (EMD) has been
      challenged. Retrospective studies have been contradictory. To determine its
      effectiveness a prospective, randomized, blinded study comparing calcium chloride
      and saline in refractory EMD was carried out in the pre-hospital setting from
      October 1982 to October 1983. Only patients who had received epinephrine and
      bicarbonate and were refractory were entered in the study. All trauma and
      pediatric arrests were excluded. Ninety patients presented in refractory EMD.
      Overall, eight of 48 who received calcium were resuscitated successfully in the
      field; two of 42 who received saline were resuscitated successfully (P less than
      .07). A successful resuscitation was defined as the conveyance of a patient with
      a pulse and a rhythm to an emergency department. Patients were analyzed for age,
      sex, and witnessing of arrest. There was no statistical difference in demographic
      data. When the group of EMD patients was broken down into subgroups based on the
      width of QRS, it was noted that patients with a QRS width less than 0.12 did not
      respond to calcium, whereas the successfully resuscitated in the group with
      widened QRS or ischemic changes (N = 70) was eight of 39, compared with one of 31
      not receiving calcium (P less than .028). Only one patient who was resuscitated
      successfully was discharged from the hospital alive. Calcium has been shown to be
      effective in the cardiac resuscitation of patients in refractory EMD. There may
      be a subset of patients with widened QRS complexes or ischemic changes who will
      benefit to a greater extent from the use of calcium chloride.

PMID- 4014809
TI  - Ionized calcium during CPR in the canine model.
AB  - The purpose of our study was to determine ionized calcium levels during
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Following placement of ascending aortic
      catheters in 15 adult mongrel dogs, ventricular fibrillation was induced
      electrically. After five minutes without therapy, mechanical external CPR was
      instituted. Animals received either standard CPR (S-CPR, n = 8) or simultaneous
      compression and ventilation CPR (SCV-CPR, n = 7) for 30 minutes. Ionized calcium
      levels were obtained prior to fibrillation and every five minutes during CPR.
      Mean ionized calcium levels during CPR (1.27 +/- 0.06 mmol/L) did not differ
      significantly from prearrest levels (1.27 +/- 0.07 mmol/L) at any point during
      CPR. This was true when the dogs were analyzed together (P = 0.1293) and when the
      animals receiving S-CPR (P = 0.4465) and SCV-CPR (P = 0.5470) were analyzed by
      groups. Defibrillation was attempted in all animals and resulted in
      electromechanical dissociation in three. None of these dogs was hypocalcemic
      either prior to arrest or during CPR, and none developed an effective rhythm with
      the administration of calcium. Furthermore, three of the four animals receiving
      calcium developed markedly elevated ionized calcium levels. Hypocalcemia
      apparently does not occur during CPR. The beneficial effect of calcium in
      reported cases cannot be explained routinely by correction of hypocalcemia.
      Further studies are needed to define the role of calcium administration, if any,
      in CPR.

PMID- 4014810
TI  - Antishock trousers: a comparison of inflation techniques and inflation pressures.
AB  - Ten healthy male volunteers were studied to compare the effects of simultaneous
      versus sequential inflation of antishock trousers (AST) and simultaneous
      inflation pressures of 20, 40, and 100 mm Hg on blood volume displacement
      centrally. Radioisotope scans were used to determine the change in blood volume
      distribution with various inflation methods and inflation pressures of the AST.
      Our data suggest that the minimum inflation pressure that displaces blood
      centrally is 40 mm Hg, and that higher inflation pressures displace a greater
      percentage of the total blood volume to the central circulation than do lower
      pressures. The difference is small, however, and probably has no clinical effect.
      No difference was suggested between simultaneous and sequential inflation.

PMID- 4014811
TI  - Blood volume distribution in the Trendelenburg position.
AB  - The Trendelenburg position is used frequently in treating hypotensive patients.
      It is believed that placing patients in the Trendelenburg position causes an
      autotransfusion of blood to the central circulation. No published studies
      document the volume of blood displaced centrally. In our study ten volunteers
      were placed in the Trendelenburg position. Blood volumes were determined from
      body surface area, and radionuclide scanning was used to determine blood volume
      distribution. Placing normovolemic volunteers in the Trendelenburg resulted in a
      1.8% (median) displacement of the total volume centrally. The autotransfusion of
      blood produced by the Trendelenburg position is small and is unlikely to have an
      important clinical effect.

PMID- 4014812
TI  - Blunt chest trauma and suspected aortic rupture: reliability of chest radiograph
      findings.
AB  - The chest radiographs of 86 patients with suspected aortic rupture from blunt
      chest trauma were reviewed. Seventy-three patients had no evidence of aortic
      rupture on aortography or surgical exploration, and 13 patients had surgically
      confirmed rupture. Sixteen radiographic findings were analyzed for sensitivity
      and specificity in detecting aortic rupture. The following findings were not
      statistically significant: hemothorax on either side; rib fractures on either
      side; pneumothorax on either side; lung contusion; widened left paravertebral
      stripe; and widening of the mediastinum, along with an increased ratio of
      mediastinal width to chest width. The most helpful findings leading to suspicion
      of aortic rupture included nasogastric tube or tracheal deviation to the right at
      the T4 level; depression of the left mainstem bronchus; and loss of the aortic
      contour or knob and left apical cap. False positives and false negatives occurred
      with each radiographic sign, indicating that there is no single finding that is
      absolutely reliable in predicting or excluding significant injury in every
      patient with suspected aortic rupture. Analysis of combinations of findings found
      that when the aortic contour and knob are normal and the nasogastric tube and
      trachea are not deviated, there was no case of aortic rupture in four consecutive
      years of experience. These four signs can be used to exclude aortic rupture.

PMID- 4014813
TI  - Coagulation abnormalities in traumatic shock.
AB  - Coagulation abnormalities can pose a threat to hemorrhaging patients and to
      attempts at surgical correction. We have shown that 97.2% of our 180 patients who
      died of trauma had evidence of coagulation defects prior to fluid or blood
      treatment. Twelve of 180 patients could not be cross-matched due to inability of
      their blood to coagulate in the tube. Clinically 50% of these patients had
      excessive oozing from venipuncture sites, and 28% had excessive hematoma
      formation not associated with vascular injury. The most frequently abnormal test
      was the prothrombin time, in 97% of patients followed by platelet count in 72%,
      and partial thromboplastin time in 70%. The greatest degree of coagulation
      abnormality occurred in patients with head trauma, followed in decreasing order
      by gunshot wounds, blunt trauma, and stab wounds to the body. Because 97.2% of
      the patients had abnormal coagulation studies prior to fluid and blood
      replacement, this abnormality most likely was due to disseminated intravascular
      coagulation. We propose using the tube-clot test to give a rapid indication of
      coagulation in traumatized patients while awaiting laboratory test results.

PMID- 4014814
TI  - Advanced prehospital care for pediatric emergencies.
AB  - During an 18-month study period, the mobile intensive care unit (MICU) in
      Jerusalem responded to 307 pediatric emergencies, representing 5% of the total
      MICU case load. The most common medical problems were seizures, diagnosed in 100
      cases (32%), and conditions related to trauma, diagnosed in 77 cases (23%). Forty
      one cases (13%) were cardiac arrests. Nineteen patients were pronounced dead with
      a resuscitation attempt; resuscitation was attempted in 22 patients. Four
      patients were stabilized for admission to the hospital, but there were no long
      term survivors. Eighteen cardiac arrest patients (82%) were found in asystole,
      and most had previous serious medical problems. Based on our experience children
      are less likely to require or benefit from advanced levels of prehospital care
      compared to the adult population. When resources for advanced care are limited,
      priority should be given to adult emergencies.

PMID- 4014815
TI  - The psychological impact of disaster on rescue personnel.
AB  - Seventy-nine rescue, fire, and medical personnel and police officers who treated
      victims of an apartment building explosion completed a questionnaire describing
      their emotional and coping responses to the disaster. Eighty percent had at least
      one symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Eight of 21 PTSD symptoms
      were present in at least 10% of respondents. The most frequently reported
      symptom, intrusive thoughts about the disaster, occurred in 74% of those working
      with or searching for victims at the disaster site. On-the-scene rescue workers
      had significantly more (P less than .02) PTSD symptoms than did inhospital staff.
      Fifty-two percent of the respondents reported that family members and coworkers
      were supportive or very supportive in meeting their emotional needs following the
      disaster; 36% noted that support networks were not helpful. The coping behaviors
      most frequently used were to remind oneself that things could be worse (57%) and
      to try to keep a realistic perspective on the situation (53%). Eleven percent
      reported seeking emotional support from others or looking to others for
      direction. Emergency workers responding to a contained, small-scale disaster are
      likely to experience mild stress responses. Planning for the emotional aspects of
      these events is needed.

PMID- 4014816
TI  - CPR training in the community.
AB  - To provide a profile of potential rescuers of cardiac arrest victims, 1,271
      randomly selected subjects were interviewed by telephone. Thirty-nine percent had
      formal instruction in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 90% knew the emergency
      telephone number (911), and 5% had performed CPR. Subjects with training were
      significantly younger than those without (36 vs 48 years old) (P less than .001),
      and they had a lower incidence of known heart disease in family members (7% vs
      15%) (P less than .001). More men than women were trained in CPR (44% vs 37%) (P
      less than .015). We recommend that efforts be undertaken to reach target groups
      of middle-age and older women for CPR training, and that physicians assume an
      active role in encouraging families of cardiac patients to learn this procedure.

PMID- 4014817
TI  - Organization structure and the performance of hospital emergency services.
AB  - A comparative study of 30 hospital emergency departments (EDs) and nearly 1,500
      individuals associated with them was conducted. Data were obtained from
      institutional records, physicians, patients, and other sources. The object was to
      investigate the relationship between the organization and performance of these
      health service systems. The study assessed the quality of medical care, the
      quality of nursing care, and the economic efficiency of hospital EDs. The results
      show substantial interinstitutional differences in these criteria. They also show
      a significant relationship between medical and nursing care, but not between the
      quality of care and economic efficiency. Differences in ED performance are
      related to medical staffing patterns, medical teaching affiliation, personnel
      training, scope of emergency services, number of patient visits processed, and
      hospital size and complexity. Not all of these variables, however, correlate
      positively with all three criteria of performance, nor are they equally important
      to each.

PMID- 4014818
TI  - Medicolegal management of the organically impaired patient in the emergency
      department.
AB  - When the organically impaired patient refuses an indicated treatment or
      admission, the physician may be subject to legal liability regardless of the
      action taken. He may be held responsible for a negligent discharge, yet be
      accountable for charges of battery and false imprisonment should he treat against
      the patient's wishes. A description of the types of patients involved, an
      analysis of the basic legal issues, a guide to the assessment of these patients,
      and recommendations for medicolegal management are presented.

PMID- 4014819
TI  - Nursemaid's elbow: a radiographic demonstration.
AB  - Three children aged 13 to 15 months had been pulled by the wrist. Subsequent pain
      and limitation of motion were typical of nursemaid's elbow. On radiographs, a
      line drawn through the longitudinal axis of the radius failed to bisect the
      humeral capitellum as is normally seen. Both the symptoms and the radiographic
      abnormalities resolved after successful manipulative reduction.

PMID- 4014820
TI  - Cricoarytenoid arthritis presenting as cardiopulmonary arrest.
AB  - We describe a patient with a long history of rheumatoid arthritis who presented
      in full cardiopulmonary arrest. He was given intracardiac epinephrine. Fibroptic
      laryngoscopy determined the cause of the arrest to be upper airway obstruction
      from cricoarytenoid joint ankylosis, a complication of long-standing rheumatoid
      arthritis. The patient underwent a tracheostomy, recovered uneventfully, and was
      doing well nine months later. The literature is reviewed, and the
      pathophysiology, clinical findings, presentations, and treatment of this
      potentially fatal entity are described.

PMID- 4014822
TI  - Wound ballistics.

PMID- 4014821
TI  - Salter fractures classified.

PMID- 4014823
TI  - Emergency medical services at the 1984 Democratic National Convention.

PMID- 4014824
TI  - Administering endotracheal medication.

PMID- 4014825
TI  - Effects of furosemide on the racing times of horses with exercise-induced
      pulmonary hemorrhage.
AB  - In 3 groups of horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH),
      comparisons of racing times and finishing positions were made between the 5 races
      before the horses were given furosemide and 5 races after furosemide
      administration. The horses were grouped according to 3 methods used to diagnose
      EIPH: group 1, observation of hemorrhage at the nostrils within 1 hour after a
      workout or race; group 2, observation of pulmonary hemorrhage only by endoscopic
      examination after a race or workout; and group 3, observation of hemorrhage at
      the nostrils during a race or immediately after a race. Group 4 horses were
      randomly selected horses running during the study period and were not given
      furosemide. The statistical method was analysis of covariance and the dependent
      variable was horses' time per distance. The study compared the 4 groups of
      horses, using the estimated value of the horses (less than or equal to +10,000 or
      greater than +10,000), and the horses' interaction in races 1 through 5 before
      and races 6 through 10 after furosemide treatment. The horses' times were
      adjusted by the relevant covariates, distance, track variant, and winning time
      per distance. Significant changes in horses' time per distance were not noticed
      when comparing values from races 1 through 5 with those in races 6 through 10 in
      group 1 horses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014826
TI  - Intravenous histamine administration in ponies with recurrent airway obstruction
      (heaves).
AB  - Pulmonary function and airway reactivity to IV histamine were measured in a group
      of ponies with a history of recurrent airway obstruction (heaves) and their age-,
      weight-, and gender-matched controls. Ponies were studied during a period of
      clinical remission (period A), after exposure to a barn environment (period B),
      and twice during a 2-week recovery phase (periods C and D). At periods A, C, and
      D, PaO2, dynamic compliance (Cdyn), pulmonary resistance, tidal volume,
      respiratory frequency, and the log dose of histamine required to reduce Cdyn to
      65% of base-line value (log ED65Cdyn) of principals and controls did not differ.
      Barn exposure (period B) decreased Cdyn, PaO2, and ED65Cdyn and increased
      pulmonary resistance in principals but not controls. The slope of the histamine
      dose-Cdyn response curves was not different between principal and control groups
      of ponies and was unaffected by barn exposure or return to pasture. There was a
      poor correlation between ED65Cdyn and indices of airway caliber. During acute
      airway obstruction, ponies with a history of heaves were hyperreactive to IV
      histamine, but during disease remission, airway response to histamine was not
      different from that of control ponies. Seemingly, hyperreactivity in principal
      ponies after exposure to a barn environment cannot be explained solely by
      alterations in base-line airway caliber.

PMID- 4014827
TI  - Impact and shear resistance of turf grass racing surfaces for Thoroughbreds.
AB  - The 2 dominant processes involved in the horse hoof-to-racing surface interaction
      are the shock loading of the horse's leg upon impact with the racing surface and
      rotation of the horse's hoof into the racing surface. These processes were
      measured as impact resistance (ie, the peak deceleration of a moving body upon
      impact with the test surface) and as resistance to shear. The objective of the
      present study was to measure physically (under a variety of conditions) those
      soil and turf factors related to the 2 processes. It was concluded that thatch
      accumulation and mowing height of the turf did not have a significant (P less
      than 0.05) effect on racing surface hardness (therefore, turf management should
      optimize turf growth and recovery), that turf roots were responsible for an
      increase in impact resistance and in resistance to shear, that control over soil
      moisture through irrigation and drainage allowed modification of racing surface
      hardness, and that soil materials tend to have lower impact resistance (ie, lower
      shock loading of the horse's leg) and higher resistance to shear (ie, greater
      resistance to hoof rotation) than do sand materials.

PMID- 4014828
TI  - Base excess as a prognostic and diagnostic indicator in cows with abomasal
      volvulus or right displacement of the abomasum.
AB  - The case records of 102 cows with abomasal volvulus and 71 cows with right-side
      displacement of the abomasum (RDA) were examined to determine whether the
      preoperative base-excess concentration of the extracellular fluid could be used
      both as a prognostic indicator for post-operative recovery in cattle with
      abomasal volvulus and as an aid in differentiating between abomasal volvulus and
      RDA. The survival rate of cows with abomasal volvulus decreased as the base
      excess concentration decreased (P = 0.08); the lowest survival rate was observed
      in cows with base excess less than or equal to -0.1 mEq/L. There was a
      significant difference (0.01 less than P less than 0.025) among base excess
      ranges between abomasal volvulus and RDA. All cows with preoperative base-excess
      concentrations less than or equal to -5.0 mEq/L had abomasal volvulus, rather
      than RDA.

PMID- 4014829
TI  - Effects of experimentally induced Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia on the
      pharmacokinetics of erythromycin in the calf.
AB  - Pneumonic pasteurellosis was produced experimentally in 3- to 4-month-old
      Holstein bull calves by bilateral intrapulmonary administration of 5 X 10(7) to
      10(9) colony-forming units of Pasteurella haemolytica. Of 8 calves, 4 developed
      minor pulmonary changes, 1 died of an apparent bacteremia within 24 hours, and 3
      developed extensive pneumonic changes. At 1 week before (1 dose) and at 48, 60,
      and 72 hours (3 doses) after Pasteurella administration, the calves were given
      erythromycin at a dosage of 15 mg/kg, and the pharmacokinetic values were
      determined. There were statistically (P less than or equal to 0.05) significant
      increases in the distribution and elimination rates associated with pneumonia.
      The elimination half life decreased from 132.7 +/- 9.6 minutes in prepneumonic
      calves to 111.1 +/- 13.8 minutes and 99.7 +/- 2.6 minutes in calves with minor
      and with moderate pneumonic changes, respectively. There also was a decrease in
      apparent volume of distribution with pneumonia. Erythromycin tissue
      concentrations were determined 2 hours after the last dose was given to the
      calves with pneumonia. Tissue concentrations in the pneumonic lung areas were as
      high or higher than those in nonaffected lung tissues in the same animals.
      Because of the increased rate of elimination from serum in pneumonic calves, it
      may be advisable to use shorter dosage intervals in calves with severe
      respiratory tract disease.

PMID- 4014830
TI  - Treatment of acute ocular Moraxella bovis infections in calves with a
      parenterally administered long-acting oxytetracycline formulation.
AB  - Acute ocular Moraxella bovis infections were induced in the UV-irradiated eyes of
      10 calves. Eight calves developed corneal ulcers in at least 1 eye and were used
      for the treatment experiment. One randomly selected group of 4 calves with
      corneal ulcers and M bovis infections in 7 eyes was given a long-acting
      oxytetracycline formulation in 2 IM dosages of 20 mg/kg of body weight each, 72
      hours apart. The other 4 calves with corneal ulcers in 6 eyes and M bovis in all
      8 eyes served as nontreated controls. Bilateral ocular cultures were obtained and
      clinical observations were made daily for 20 days after treatment. After
      administration of the long-acting drug, new ulcers did not develop in the treated
      calves, whereas 5 new ulcers developed in the control-group calves during this
      time. The average durations of increased lacrimation/ulcerated eye were 2 and 12
      days after treatment in the treatment and control groups, respectively; the
      average durations of blepharospasm were 3 and 8 days, respectively. Moraxella
      bovis was not isolated from any of the eyes of the treatment-group calves for the
      first 6 days after the antibiotic was administered, but was isolated from 1 eye
      of 1 treated calf on posttreatment day 7 and daily thereafter, for a total of 14
      positive cultures of 160 ocular cultures obtained from the treatment-group calves
      after treatment. The bacterium was isolated from all eyes and from 144 of 160
      cultures from the control-group calves during this time.

PMID- 4014831
TI  - Accelerated bovine mammary involution induced by infusion of concanavalin A or
      phytohemagglutinin.
AB  - Right mammary quarters of dairy cows were infused with concanavalin A (conA) or
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) near drying off. Significant changes in milk yield and
      composition were observed by 24 hours after infusion. In general, conA or PHA
      treatment resulted in significantly greater compositional changes earlier in the
      dry period compared with control quarters. As involution progressed, lactoferrin,
      serum albumin, immunoglobulin G, pH, and numbers of somatic cells increased,
      whereas citrate and the molar ratio of citrate:lactoferrin decreased. Mammary
      secretion accumulation at 7 days of involution was significantly lower in treated
      compared with control quarters. The data indicated that intramammary infusion of
      conA or PHA near drying off accelerates bovine mammary involution, resulting in
      elevated levels of natural protective factors.

PMID- 4014832
TI  - Regional distribution of porcine brain blood flow during 50% nitrous oxide
      administration.
AB  - Regional distribution of brain blood flow was examined in 6 healthy nonmedicated
      swine during inhalation of 50% O2 (+ 50% N2) and at 45 minutes of 50% end-tidal
      nitrous oxide administration. All animals were surgically prepared 10 to 12 days
      before the hemodynamic study. Catheters were implanted in the left atrium,
      ascending aorta, descending aorta, and pulmonary artery. Brain blood flow was
      determined, using 15-micron diameter radionuclide-labeled microspheres injected
      into the left atrium. Administration of 50% nitrous oxide markedly increased
      blood flow in all regions of the brain (except corpus callosum), even though the
      animals were not excited and the arterial blood pressure, arterial blood-gas
      tensions, pHa, and cardiac output were not different from respective control
      values. At 45 minutes of 50% nitrous oxide administration, cerebral, cerebellar,
      and brain-stem blood flows were 144%, 137%, and 137% of respective control
      values. It is concluded that 50% nitrous oxide administration caused marked
      vasodilatation in all regions of the porcine brain.

PMID- 4014834
TI  - Brain stem auditory-evoked potentials of dogs: wave forms and effects of
      recording electrode positions.
AB  - Wave forms of canine brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP) and the effects
      of electrode positions on the wave forms were studied as a basis for experimental
      and clinical use of BAEP recording. The BAEP regularly consisted of 5 waves (I to
      V) with latencies and polarities similar to those of other species. In some dogs,
      waves II, III, and IV contained distinct subpeaks (a, b, c). Waves similar to
      waves VI and VII of other species were recorded in some dogs. With respect to
      BAEP, no site on the head was electrically inactive and BAEP could be recorded as
      far caudally as the caudal cervical region in some dogs. Wave I, positive in
      recordings from the dorsal midline of the calvaria (vertex) underwent polarity
      reversal and increased amplitude and duration in recordings made from caudal
      ventrolateral regions of the head (mastoid region). As a result, wave I partially
      or totally obscured wave II so that the latter could no longer be clearly
      identified. Waves IIIa and IIIb were differentially affected by moving the
      recording site, indicating that their generators were spatially separated. Waves
      IV and V were also affected by electrode site, consistent with previous reports
      that they have spatially separated generators in other species. In recordings
      made with vertex electrodes referenced to the mastoid region ipsilateral to the
      stimulated ear, wave I appeared as a high-amplitude positive peak with onset
      latency equalling that in noncephalic reference recordings, but with somewhat
      later peak latency and longer duration. As a result, wave II was partially or
      totally obscured so that only 4 major peaks were evident in the BAEP. In
      contralateral mastoid reference recordings, latency to peak of wave I was
      unchanged; however, amplitude of all waves was reduced and waves IIa and IIb were
      not as clearly differentiated as they were in noncephalic reference recordings.

PMID- 4014833
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone on circulating lymphocyte numbers and their mitogen
      induced blastogenesis in lambs.
AB  - The effect of hydrocortisone on the number of circulating lymphocytes and their
      blastogenic response was studied in 20 feedlot lambs given combinations of 3
      treatments: hydrocortisone (25 mg/kg of body weight, 4 times a day, IM), feed
      changes (100% roughage to 90% concentrate over a 6-day period), and oral
      inoculation of Pasteurella haemolytica biotype T (10(9) to 10(11) bacteria/day
      via stomach tube) to develop a model for reproduction of septicemic
      pasteurellosis. Hydrocortisone caused lymphopenia and inhibited the blastogenic
      response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A
      mitogens. A synergistic effect was observed between hydrocortisone injections and
      feed changes resulting in higher than expected serum hydrocortisone
      concentrations and lower circulating lymphocyte counts. Seemingly, stress-induced
      increases in serum hydrocortisone concentrations cause suppression of the immune
      response of feedlot lambs. The combined effect of feed changes and stress on the
      immune response of lambs may explain the role of these 2 factors in the
      pathogenesis of septicemic pasteurellosis.

PMID- 4014835
TI  - Xylazine-pentobarbital anesthesia in dogs and its antagonism by yohimbine.
AB  - Once a week for 4 weeks, 5 dogs were given IM injections of xylazine (2.2 mg/kg
      of body weight) followed in 10 minutes by IV injections of pentobarbital (14
      mg/kg). The resultant duration of anesthesia, absence of pedal reflex, and time
      from return of consciousness to ambulation were consistent from week to week. The
      mean times were 137.3, 111.8, and 56.9 minutes, respectively. A second experiment
      using 5 other dogs was performed to evaluate the antagonistic effect of yohimbine
      on the anesthesia induced by the xylazine-pentobarbital combination. When
      yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg, IV) was administered 10, 60, and 120 minutes after the
      xylazine-pentobarbital injection (given as in the 1st experiment), it abolished
      or markedly reduced the duration of anesthesia, absence of pedal reflex, and the
      time from return of consciousness to ambulation. After being given yohimbine, the
      dogs had a smooth recovery without postanesthetic excitement. In experiment 3, IM
      xylazine injections caused bradycardia without changing mean arterial blood
      pressure. Subsequent IV pentobarbital administration abolished xylazine-induced
      bradycardia for approximately 20 minutes and decreased arterial blood pressure
      slightly and gradually. Respiration was markedly depressed for the first 20
      minutes of xylazine-pentobarbital anesthesia and gradually decreased during the
      rest of the 50-minute monitoring period. Yohimbine injection at postpentobarbital
      dosing minute 50 reversed the resumed xylazine-induced bradycardia and relieved
      other signs of respiratory depression associated with xylazine-pentobarbital
      anesthesia. The xylazine-pentobarbital combination was safe and effective for
      inducing and maintaining up to 2 hours of anesthesia in dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014836
TI  - Effects of atropine on xylazine-pentobarbital anesthesia in dogs: preliminary
      study.
AB  - The influence of atropine on anesthesia induced by xylazine-pentobarbital
      administration was studied in 5 dogs. The combination of xylazine (2.2 mg/kg of
      body weight, IM) and pentobarbital (14.0 mg/kg, IV) caused anesthesia with the
      duration of absence of the pedal reflex, duration of anesthesia, and the time
      from return of consciousness to ambulation to be 107.4, 123.4, and 59.2 minutes,
      respectively. Bradycardia and short-term respiratory depression were observed. An
      IM injection of atropine sulfate (0.045 mg/kg) did not significantly change the
      durations of absence of the pedal reflex and of anesthesia, the time from return
      of consciousness to ambulation, or the pattern of respiration in the anesthetized
      dogs. The PaO2 increased gradually in both groups; however, atropine caused a
      marked tachycardia and increased the PaCO2. Fifteen minutes after pentobarbital
      injection, administration of atropine sulfate caused a slight but significant (P
      less than 0.01) decrease in arterial pH. Although atropine sulfate antagonized
      xylazine bradycardia, the data indicated that it may have caused increased
      respiratory depression in dogs anesthetized with xylazine and pentobarbital.

PMID- 4014837
TI  - Intracellular locations of dermonecrotic toxins in Pasteurella multocida and in
      Bordetella bronchiseptica.
AB  - Location of dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) in the cells of Pasteurella multocida or
      Bordetella bronchiseptica was investigated. After cell lysis by various
      procedures, various fractions prepared from bacterial cells grown in liquid
      culture media were assayed for dermonecrotic activity by skin testing of guinea
      pigs. During the death phase of the growth tested for the 2 bacterial species,
      little cell-free DNT was detected in the culture supernatants. Throughout the log
      and stationary phases of the growth, DNT activity was cell associated, but was
      not seen in the culture supernatants, which indicated that DNT was not secreted
      by actively growing P multocida or B bronchiseptica cells. Little DNT was
      released by subjecting whole cells to osmotic shock, a common procedure that
      releases proteins from the periplasmic space of many gram-negative bacteria.
      After sonication and centrifugation of whole cells, a substantial amount of DNT
      was released; results were similar when spheroplasts were used instead of whole
      cells. Treatment of whole cells with trypsin did not decrease the DNT activity,
      but trypsin treatment of sonicated cells resulted in a significant decrease in
      the DNT activity (P less than 0.01). The results indicated an intracellular
      location of the DNT of P multocida or B bronchiseptica. The DNT of P multocida or
      of B bronchiseptica is probably located in the cytoplasmic space.

PMID- 4014838
TI  - Serologic studies of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in Minnesota cattle.
AB  - Serum antibody titers to bovine respiratory syncytial virus were determined for
      559 cattle. Serum samples were obtained through the Minnesota State-Federal
      Brucellosis Laboratory and were collected over a 1-year period. Results of this
      study revealed an antibody prevalence of 65.5% to bovine respiratory syncytial
      virus. The distribution of antibody titers is presented, as well as analysis of
      titers based on breed, sex, and age of the cattle.

PMID- 4014839
TI  - Impairment of sympathetic pulmonary vasoconstriction by 3-methylindole in cattle.
AB  - Sixteen Holstein cattle allotted into 4 groups (4 cattle/group) were each given a
      single oral dosage of 0.2 g of 3-methylindole (3MI)/kg of body weight. The groups
      were killed at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively, after 3MI administration.
      Comparison of clinical signs, pathologic pulmonary lesions, and in vitro
      pulmonary artery responses to pharmacologic stimuli was made between the 4
      treated groups and 8 control Holstein cattle of similar age. Clinical signs of
      pulmonary distress first appeared 8 to 12 hours after 3MI administration. After
      20 hours, clinical signs included dyspnea, moderate depression, and a marked
      expiratory grunt. A partial remission of these clinical signs was seen between 30
      and 45 hours after 3MI administration. After remission, the cattle had clinical
      signs of severe dyspnea and depression and expiratory grunts were more
      pronounced. Pathologic pulmonary lesions, including heavy rubbery lungs, dilated
      interlobular septae, and subplural air bullae characteristic of pulmonary edema
      and interstitial emphysema were observed. The lungs of treated cattle did not
      collapse when the thorax was incised at necropsy. In vitro pulmonary artery
      strips contracted dose dependently to norepinephrine (NE). Group I tissues (12
      hours after 3MI administration) responded similarly to control samples. Group II
      tissues (24 hours after 3MI administration) had a significant inhibition (P less
      than 0.05) in response to NE stimulation as compared with controls.

PMID- 4014840
TI  - Pathologic changes associated with induced small intestinal strangulation
      obstruction and nonstrangulating infarction in horses.
AB  - Arteriovenous (ischemic strangulation obstruction, ISO) or venous (hemorrhagic
      strangulation obstruction, HSO) occlusions were created in the jejunum of 5
      anesthetized horses and were left in situ for 1-, 2-, or 3-hour intervals.
      Segments were evaluated grossly for color, thickness, and motility. The horses
      were euthanatized, and the degree of mucosal slough, edema, congestion, and
      hemorrhage was determined histologically. Segments subjected to ISO became dark,
      but did not contain edema or hemorrhage. Segments subjected to HSO were
      characterized by progressive congestion, edema, and hemorrhage especially in the
      mucosal layer. Histologically, the mucosal epithelium was affected approximately
      equally by ISO or HSO, although more gross changes were evident in segments
      subjected to HSO.

PMID- 4014841
TI  - Comparison of peripheral blood and uterine-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      from mares resistant and susceptible to chronic endometritis: chemotactic and
      cell elastimetry analysis.
AB  - The functional competence of peripheral blood and uterine-derived
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from 12 mares were analyzed for chemotactic
      responsiveness using a chemotactic chamber (filter) assay and for deformability
      by cell elastimetry analysis. Peripheral blood PMN obtained from control mares
      and from 8 mares experimentally inoculated via the uterus with 1 x 10(9)
      Streptococcus zooepidemicus had similar normal chemotactic responsiveness and
      were highly deformable before and at 12 hours after inoculation. Uterine PMN
      obtained 12 hours after uterine inoculation with S zooepidemicus from resistant
      mares were not as deformable as peripheral blood PMN, but were within normal
      functional limits. The chemotactic responsiveness of uterine PMN from these mares
      was normal. Uterine PMN obtained from mares considered susceptible to
      endometritis 12 hours after uterine infection did not have chemotactic
      responsiveness and were nondeformable. The results indicated profound differences
      in the functional competence of uterine PMN between mares considered resistant
      and susceptible to chronic endometritis.

PMID- 4014842
TI  - Plasma and serum concentrations of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone in racing
      Thoroughbreds 24 hours after treatment with various dosage regimens.
AB  - The plasma and serum concentrations of phenylbutazone (PBZ) and oxyphenbutazone
      were measured in 158 Thoroughbred horses after various doses of PBZ wer given.
      All horses were competing or training at racetracks in various parts of the
      country. All horses used in the study had not been given PBZ 24 hours before they
      were placed on a specific dosage schedule. Samples were collected 24 hours after
      the last PBZ administration. Four grams of PBZ were given daily by stomach tube,
      paste, or tablet for 3 days. On day 4, 24 hours before sample collection, an IV
      dose of 2 g of PBZ was given, regardless of the dose and method of
      administration. The 24-hour PBZ plasma concentrations were 3.51, 6.13, and 6.40
      micrograms/ml, respectively. After 2 g of PBZ was administered IV daily for 4
      days, the plasma PBZ concentration was 4.16 g/ml; after a single 2-g IV
      administration, the serum concentration was 0.87 g/ml. Concentrations of
      oxyphenbutazone were 3.35 (stomach tube), 4.29 (paste), 3.60 (tablet), 3.65 (4
      day IV), and 1.11 g/ml (single IV). A significant relationship was not found
      between the serum and the urinary concentrations at this 24-hour measurement.
      Split samples sent to various laboratories confirmed the stability of high
      performance liquid chromatography as a method of analysis.

PMID- 4014843
TI  - Variation of fiber types in the triceps brachii, longissimus dorsi, gluteus
      medius, and biceps femoris of horses.
AB  - The distribution of type-I and type-II fibers in 9 different parts of the musculi
      triceps brachii, longissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris was
      studied to determine whether biopsies from these muscles give reliable
      information. All 4 investigated muscles were not homogeneous in their fiber-type
      distribution. Large differences existed among different muscle parts. The
      percentage of type-I fibers increased toward the deeper and cranial parts of the
      muscles. In the same zone of the gluteus muscle, differences of 30% were found
      for type-I fibers. Therefore, results obtained by biopsies of muscles must be
      interpreted with caution.

PMID- 4014844
TI  - Simultaneous cecostomy and ileal cannulation with a modified flexible T cannula
      in gilts.
AB  - A surgical procedure was developed for the simultaneous cannulation of the ileum
      and fistulation of the cecum in breeding-age gilts to study the effects of
      enteric microflora on the nutritional requirements and/or status of the pig.
      Flexible T-shaped cannulae were made from plastic tubing, placed surgically in
      the caudal part of the ileum, and exteriorized in the right paralumbar fossa.
      After the exteriorization of the cecal apex in the right flank area, a cecal
      fistual was made caudoventral to the ileal cannula. Prececocolonic contents could
      be collected from the ileal cannulae and/or substances could be infused into the
      cecum. The flexible cannulae were light weight (35 g), were easily replaced when
      dislodged with minimal tissue trauma and minimal discomfort to the animal, and
      had good animal tolerance and patency in long-term experiments. The cecal
      fistulae allowed the direct introduction of various substances into the cecum.
      There was little external projection from the abdominal wall, and the fistulae
      were subject to minimal leakage. The procedure did not adversely affect the
      subsequent health or performance of the 43 gilts used in the experiment.
      Postmortem examination of gilts euthanatized 12 to 26 weeks postoperatively
      revealed normal tissue adhesions around the surgical sites with no detrimental
      effects on the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 4014845
TI  - Serologic classification of two ovine adenovirus isolates from the central United
      States.
AB  - Two ovine adenovirus (OAV) strains (RTS-42 and RTS-151), isolated from lambs in
      the central United States, were compared using 2-way cross-neutralization tests
      with the 6 recognized OAV species, 9 bovine adenovirus species, and 4 porcine
      species. Virus RTS-42 was identified as OAV type 5, confirming previous results.
      Virus RTS-151 was identified as OAV type 6, although the serologic crossing was
      largely one-sided.

PMID- 4014846
TI  - Propionate loading test for liver function during experimental liver necrosis in
      sheep.
AB  - The first objective of this work was to study the conversion of propionate to
      glucose by liver of the sheep during experimentally induced liver necrosis. An
      additional objective was to determine the most appropriate sampling time after a
      propionate load has been given to use glucose concentration as an aid in the
      diagnosis of disturbed liver function. Sodium propionate (3 mmol/kg) was injected
      IV into 6 healthy sheep before and after they were given carbon tetrachloride
      (20% CCl4 in mineral oil; 0.25 ml of CCl4/kg, orally). To differentiate the
      effects of liver necrosis from the effects of decrease in food intake after CCl4
      administration, 5 sheep which were fasted for 2 days, but not given CCl4, were
      studied. Microscopically, liver necrosis was observed, as well as an increase of
      fatty infiltration in nonnecrotic liver tissue. After sheep were given CCl4, the
      plasma liver-specific enzyme activities (namely, those of iditol dehydrogenase
      and gamma-glutamyl-transferase) were elevated. Microscopic and enzymatic changes
      were not observed in fasted animals. Serum sulfobromophthalein (BSP) half-life
      (t1/2) was markedly increased in the sheep given CCl4 treatment (t1/2 = 22.8 +/-
      11 minutes) when compared with the t1/2 before treatment (t1/2 = 2.5 +/- 0.2
      minutes). The BSP t1/2 did not differ between fed and fasted sheep. The t1/2 of
      the IV propionate load increased significantly, from 6.9 +/- 0.4 minutes in the
      control sheep to 12.8 +/- 2 minutes in the CCl4-treated sheep, whereas an
      insignificant increase was seen after fasting (6.8 +/- 1 minutes to 8.3 +/- 1
      minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014847
TI  - Use of nonprotein nitrogen in pigs: effects of dietary urea on the intestinal
      microflora.
AB  - The fecal flora of 2 pigs given an optimal protein diet (digestive crude protein,
      13.3%) with 2% urea, 2 pigs given a low protein diet (digestive crude protein,
      5.7%) with 2% urea, and 2 pigs given a low protein diet only were
      bacteriologically investigated before feeding of each diet and on feeding days 21
      and 38. The addition of urea to a low protein diet was significantly decreased
      Lactobacillus (P less than 0.001), Bacteroidaceae (P less than 0.01),
      Peptococcaceae (P less than 0.05), and Megasphaera (P less than 0.01) in the
      feces. In addition, there was a marked suppression of anaerobic curved rods
      (mainly Selenomonas) to undetectable amounts in the feces. A significant
      reduction (P less than 0.01) of Bifidobacterium and a marked suppression of
      Megasphaera to undetectable amounts were observed in the feces of pigs given low
      protein diets without urea. Microbial groups in the ileum and colon of pigs on
      feeding day 38 were also analyzed. Effects of dietary urea on the intestinal
      flora included: (i) anaerobic curved rods and spiral rods were restricted mainly
      to the colon, (ii) smaller numbers of yeasts were present in the intestine, and
      (iii) Bacteroidaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Eubacterium in the colon were not
      changed. Many anaerobic isolates, including curved rods and spiral rods, in the
      colon of pigs may have an important role in urea use.

PMID- 4014848
TI  - Effects of atropine, acepromazine, meperidine, and xylazine on gastroesophageal
      sphincter pressure in the dog.
AB  - Gastroesophageal sphincter (GES) pressure was 47.9 +/- 1.2 mm of Hg in nontreated
      dogs. Treatment with atropine, acepromazine, and xylazine reduced GES pressure to
      13.2 +/- 2.03, 18.6 +/- 2.14, and 11.7 +/- 1.19 mm of Hg, respectively. Treatment
      with meperidine resulted in phasic contractions with minimum and maximum
      pressures of 27.9 +/- 4.55 and 98.9 +/- 9.16 mm of Hg, respectively. Drugs used
      in anesthetic procedures can reduce GES pressure in dogs.

PMID- 4014849
TI  - Brain stem auditory-evoked response of the nonanesthetized dog.
AB  - The brain stem auditory evoked-response was measured from a group of 24 healthy
      dogs under conditions suitable for clinical diagnostic use. The waveforms were
      identified, and analysis of amplitude ratios, latencies, and interpeak latencies
      were done. The group was subdivided into subgroups based on tranquilization,
      nontranquilization, sex, and weight. Differences were not observed among any of
      these subgroups. All dogs responded to the click stimulus from 30 dB to 90 dB,
      but only 62.5% of the dogs responded at 5 dB. The total number of peaks averaged
      1.6 at 5 dB, increased linearly to 6.5 at 50 dB, and remained at 6.5 to 90 dB.
      Frequency of recognizability of each wave was tabulated for each stimulus
      intensity tested; recognizability increased with increased stimulus intensity.
      Amplitudes of waves increased with increasing stimulus intensity, but were highly
      variable. The 4th wave had the greatest amplitude at the lower stimulus
      intensities, and the 1st wave had the greatest amplitude at the higher stimulus
      intensities. Amplitude ratio of the 1st to 5th wave was greater than 1 at less
      than or equal to 50 dB stimulus intensity, and was 1 for stimulus intensities
      greater than 50 dB. Interpeak latencies did not change relative to stimulus
      intensities. Peak latencies of each wave averaged at 5-dB hearing level for the
      1st to 6th waves were 2.03, 2.72, 3.23, 4.14, 4.41, and 6.05 ms, respectively;
      latencies of these 6 waves at 90 dB were 0.92, 1.79, 2.46, 3.03, 3.47, and 4.86
      ms, respectively. Latency decreased between 0.009 to 0.014 ms/dB for the waves.

PMID- 4014851
TI  - Characteristics of F and H waves of ulnar and tibial nerves in cats: reference
      values.
AB  - The latencies and latency rates of H and F waves were determined by percutaneous
      stimulation of the ulnar and the tibial nerves of healthy cats. In the ulnar and
      tibial nerves, the latency rates of H wave evoked compound action potentials were
      49.1 +/- 7.3 and 44.1 +/- 2.7 m/s, respectively, and of F waves were 68.1 +/- 9.6
      and 57.1 +/- 6.2 m/s, respectively. The H wave response of cats was more variable
      in latency and amplitude than that reported in the dog.

PMID- 4014850
TI  - Effects of fentanyl citrate and droperidol on electroencephalographic findings in
      dogs.
AB  - Electroencephalograms were recorded from 10 dogs before, immediately after, and
      every 10 minutes (for 60 minutes) after IV injection of 0.005 ml of a fentanyl
      citrate and droperidol combination/kg of body weight. Narcosis was adequate for
      recording. At 30 to 40 minutes after injection, tail wagging was the only adverse
      reaction (EEG artifact) observed. The only changes in EEG activity observed were
      a slight increase in amplitude of the dominant activity and an increase in
      spindle-like activity. Daily repetition for 5 days did not alter the EEG pattern
      or the behavior of the dogs.

PMID- 4014852
TI  - Clinical, biochemical, acid-base, and electrolyte abnormalities in cats after
      hypertonic sodium phosphate enema administration.
AB  - Ten clinically healthy cats were allotted into 2 groups. Group A was given the
      low (60 ml), and group B was given the high (120 ml) recommended dose of a
      commercial hypertonic sodium phosphate enema. Enema retention was enforced. All
      cats developed clinical and/or laboratory abnormalities, with group B cats being
      more severely affected. Clinical signs that occurred rapidly included depression,
      ataxia, vomition, bloody diarrhea, mucous membrane pallor, and stupor; tetany was
      not seen. One cat in group B died. Laboratory abnormalities included
      hypernatremia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, calculated
      hyperosmolality, and metabolic acidosis with high anion gap probably due to
      hyperlacticacidemia. There were no significant gross or microscopic lesions
      associated with enema administration. Therefore, the use of hypertonic sodium
      phosphate enema at recommended doses is potentially dangerous to cats.

PMID- 4014853
TI  - DSM-III and the politics of truth.

PMID- 4014854
TI  - Regulation of tissue oxygen extraction is disturbed in adult respiratory distress
      syndrome.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that regulation of tissue oxygen (O2) extraction is
      disturbed in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the relationship between
      O2 availability and O2 extraction ratio (O2ER) was studied in 36 patients with
      pulmonary edema who met the criteria for either ARDS (n = 21) or acute congestive
      heart failure (CHF) (n = 15). We found that in response to changes in the levels
      of O2 availability there was a significantly (p = 0.01) greater negative
      correlation of change in O2ER for the CHF (r = -0.67) than for the ARDS group (r
      = -0.41). Whereas patients with CHF eventually died of pump failure and low O2
      delivery, the ARDS group developed multiorgan failure, especially renal failure,
      despite significantly higher ratios of O2 availability to O2 consumption. These
      findings suggest that patients with ARDS have lost their ability to regulate
      their tissue O2 extraction to compensate for changes in the availability of O2 in
      order to meet demand. Pulmonary capillary endothelial injury, through its role on
      whole-body metabolism, may be responsible for this observation.

PMID- 4014855
TI  - Nitrogen washout and mortality.
AB  - We studied the association between different tests of pulmonary function and
      subsequent mortality. Subjects were drawn from an epidemiology study of chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1971 and 1976, 2,539 nonpatient adults had
      tests of forced expiration, diffusing capacity, and single-breath nitrogen
      washout. By 1981, 115 of those subjects had died, including 3 from known lung
      disease. In assessing the relationship between lung function and mortality, the
      following tests of pulmonary function were examined: forced expiratory volume in
      one second as a percentage of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume
      divided by height cubed, slope of phase III from the single-breath nitrogen test,
      closing capacity, diffusing capacity for CO, and the ratio of maximal flow at 75%
      to that at 25% vital capacity. When adjustments for age and smoking were made,
      slope of phase III was strongly associated with mortality, even more so than
      tests of forced expiration. There are two possible explanations for this striking
      relationship between these observed abnormalities of lung function and subsequent
      overall mortality (which is largely from nonpulmonary disease): the lungs may
      serve to protect other systems of the body and therefore poor pulmonary function
      may contribute to a number of diseases leading to death, or lung function may
      merely reflect existing disorders in other systems of the body, and the observed
      association between mortality and pulmonary function is a byproduct of
      nonpulmonary diseases.

PMID- 4014856
TI  - Effects of spirometry standards in two occupational cohorts.
AB  - Characteristics of subjects with nonreproducible lung function tests (test
      failures) are described in two studies of occupational respiratory disease.
      According to current guidelines for spirometry, subjects with test failure are
      excluded from analyses of epidemiologic pulmonary function data. Among 415
      Chinese cotton textile workers, the prevalence of byssinosis was 5.8% for
      subjects with repeatable tests and 13.3% for subjects with test failure. In
      regression analysis, the estimate of the association between cotton dust exposure
      and FEV1 decreased when subjects with test failure were excluded. In a second
      cohort of 378 asbestos-exposed machinists, the prevalence of chronic bronchitis
      was significantly greater among those with test failure. Considering only
      subjects with repeatable measurements, FEV1 was lower among textile workers with
      byssinosis and machinists with chronic bronchitis than among their asymptomatic
      coworkers. This suggests that, on average, subjects with poor test performance
      had lower (unobserved) FEV1 values, and therefore that the exclusion of subjects
      with test failure may cause selection bias.

PMID- 4014857
TI  - Epidemiology of tuberculous infection in a chronic care population.
AB  - A prospective study of serial tuberculin skin testing was performed on 642
      patients from the chronic care wards of a Veterans Administration Hospital. Five
      hundred eighty-eight patients without a documented history of tuberculosis or a
      positive tuberculin skin test received an initial 5 TU PPD, and results in 139
      were positive (23.6%). Of those initially tuberculin negative, 398 received a
      second 5 TU PPD 2 to 4 wk later; 45 (11.3%) showed a booster effect. Of the
      initial 642 patients, 64 had documented negative tuberculin skin tests within the
      year preceding the survey. Eight (12.5%) of the 64 patients were positive at the
      initial survey. There were 213 patients with 2 negative tuberculin tests within
      the first 4 wk of the study who were followed for the year of the study, and 10
      converted their tuberculin skin test for a converter rate of 4.7%. The decrease
      in the converter rate from 12.5 to 4.7% suggests that the initial converter rate
      was falsely elevated by the booster effect. The high rate of conversion during
      the year of the study (4.7%) suggests that there may have been inapparent spread
      of tuberculous infection among patients in this chronic care facility.

PMID- 4014858
TI  - Size aspects of metered-dose inhaler aerosols.
AB  - The aerodynamic size distribution of several bronchodilator and corticosteroid
      metered-dose inhaler (MDI) aerosols was estimated in both dry and humid (90% RH)
      air environments with a six-stage cascade impactor. The distribution of aerosol
      size that penetrated into a simulated lung model were also measured. The size
      distributions were approximately log-normal and ranged from 2.4 to 5.5 micron in
      mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) with geometric standard deviation (GSD)
      of 1.7 to 2.5 in a dry environment. In humid air, MMAD increased from 1 to 26%
      above the dry air state, but GSD remained unchanged. The size of aerosol
      delivered by MDI that penetrated into a simulated lung model fell to 2.4 to 2.8
      micron in MMAD (GSD, 1.9 to 2.2). In contrast to aerosols produced by MDI, MMAD
      of an aerosol of cromolyn sodium powder dispersed by a Spinhaler increased
      rapidly with increasing humidity, 5.6 +/- 0.3 micron in dry air and 10.1 +/- 0.8
      micron in 90% RH air. Finally, the factors influencing size of MDI-delivered
      aerosols, including formulation, canister pressure, physicochemical properties of
      propellants, and design of the valve and actuator orifices are discussed.
      Effective delivery of MDI-generated aerosols into the lung is highly dependent on
      particle dynamics and jet flow, and no single parameter can produce a unique
      particle size and jet pattern.

PMID- 4014859
TI  - A comparison of the ferruginous body and uncoated fiber content in the lungs of
      former asbestos workers.
AB  - Tissue samples from 12 former asbestos workers were digested and analyzed for
      ferruginous body and uncoated fiber populations. It was noted that there were
      large numbers of nonasbestos fibers in each of the samples. In some samples,
      these fibers constituted over 80% of the total uncoated fibers, and they could
      greatly influence the data as to asbestos content of the tissue unless
      differentiated by light and electron microscopic techniques, such as X-ray energy
      dispersive analysis. There were great variations in the numbers of uncoated
      fibers per ferruginous body between the individual workers. The digested samples
      from lungs of 2 workers yielded no ferruginous bodies by light microscopy, even
      though these samples by electron microscopy contained respective loads of 780,000
      and 1.2 million uncoated amphibole fibers per gram. Light microscopy examination
      of adjacent tissues confirmed mild fibrosis in both workers. Ferruginous bodies
      serve as a general marker for asbestos exposure. However, our data suggest that
      their absence in tissue with interstitial fibrosis from a worker with previous
      occupational exposure may not be sufficiently conclusive to rule out asbestos
      induced disease. Rather, as shown by our data, individual exceptions may require
      correlated analysis by analytical electron microscopy in order to define
      particulate load and support the diagnosis of the disease.

PMID- 4014860
TI  - Abnormal ventilation scans in middle-aged smokers. Comparison with tests of
      overall lung function.
AB  - We have assessed the uniformity of regional ventilation during tidal breathing
      using continuous inhalation of krypton-81m in 43 male, lifelong nonsmokers and 46
      male, current cigarette smokers (mean daily consumption 24.1 cigarettes/day)
      between 44 and 61 yr of age and with mild or no respiratory symptoms. All
      subjects had normal chest radiographs. The results of the ventilation scans were
      compared with tests of overall lung function (spirometry, maximal expiratory flow
      volume curves, and single-breath N2 test). Diffuse abnormalities of the
      ventilation scan were found in 19 (41%) of the 46 smokers but in none of the
      nonsmokers. Focal abnormalities were found in 7 smokers and 3 nonsmokers. Smokers
      showed the expected abnormalities in overall lung function (reduced FEV1 and VC,
      increased single-breath N2 slope, and closing volume), but in individual smokers
      there was only a weak relation between the severity of abnormality of overall
      lung function and an abnormal ventilation scan. Abnormal scans could be found
      when overall lung function was normal and were not invariably found when
      significant abnormalities in FEV1/VC or N2 slope were present. There was no
      relation between the presence of chronic expectoration and an abnormal scan. The
      prognostic significance of an abnormal ventilation scan in such smokers remains
      to be established.

PMID- 4014862
TI  - Tuberculin test. Variability with the Mantoux procedure.

PMID- 4014861
TI  - Protection against pulmonary oxygen toxicity in rats by the intratracheal
      administration of liposome-encapsulated superoxide dismutase or catalase.
AB  - To test the feasibility of using liposomes to deliver therapeutic agents to the
      lungs, the effect of liposome-encapsulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase
      on pulmonary oxygen toxicity was studied in rats. The SOD or catalase was
      encapsulated in negatively changed multilamellar liposomes and administered
      directly into the trachea of adult rats, which were subsequently exposed to
      hyperoxia (greater than 95% O2). Response to hyperoxia was examined by studying
      lung SOD and catalase activities, survival rates, and lung morphology. Rats
      receiving liposome-encapsulated SOD or catalase showed increased levels of enzyme
      activities in the lung homogenates compared with those in the control groups
      after 24 to 72 h of hyperoxic exposure. Elevated enzyme levels in the lungs of
      rats treated with liposome-encapsulated SOD or catalase were accompanied by a
      significant improvement in survival rates after 72 h of hyperoxic exposure and
      less lung injury than in the other control groups.

PMID- 4014863
TI  - Tuberculin test. A re-emphasis on clinical judgement.

PMID- 4014864
TI  - Summary and recommendations of a workshop on the investigative use of fiberoptic
      bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in asthmatics.
AB  - The participants in the workshop reached unanimous consensus that as an
      investigative tool, BAL has enormous potential for extending knowledge of the
      immunopathogenesis of asthma. When utilized according to these guidelines,
      maximal knowledge may be gained with minimal risks to study subjects. However, we
      wish to emphasize that the extent to which the safety of the procedure applies to
      those asthmatics with more symptoms and an FEV1 of less than 60% of predicted
      remains to be established by carefully controlled clinical investigations.

PMID- 4014865
TI  - The definition of emphysema. Report of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood
      Institute, Division of Lung Diseases workshop.

PMID- 4014866
TI  - Diagnosis of pulmonary amyloidosis by transbronchial biopsy.
AB  - Previously reported cases of pulmonary parenchymal amyloidosis were diagnosed by
      open lung biopsy or postmortem examination. We describe 3 patients who were found
      to have amyloid deposits within the lung parenchyma by flexible fiberoptic
      bronchoscopy. In each case, the diagnosis was suspected when a waxy eosinophilic
      substance was observed within the alveolar walls of transbronchial biopsy
      specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin. When stained with Congo red and
      examined under polarized light, this amorphous material exhibited the apple-green
      birefringence characteristic of amyloid fibrils. We suggest that a diagnosis of
      pulmonary amyloidosis can be made by transbronchial biopsy provided the
      appropriate histologic stains are employed. Special stains for amyloid should be
      obtained whenever histologic sections from transbronchial biopsy specimens reveal
      amorphous eosinophilic material within the alveolar septa or within the walls of
      small vessels.

PMID- 4014867
TI  - Sustained-release theophylline reduces dyspnea in nonreversible obstructive
      airway disease.

PMID- 4014868
TI  - Do prostaglandins have a role in breathlessness?
AB  - The effects of indomethacin on the relationship between breathlessness and minute
      ventilation during exercise have been determined in a double-blind, randomized
      study on 6 normal subjects. Indomethacin did not significantly after ventilation
      or oxygen uptake either at rest or during submaximal exercise. Breathlessness was
      assessed with visual analogue scales, and, when compared with placebo, the
      sensation was significantly reduced in relation to ventilation (p less than
      0.02). These findings provide evidence of a possible role for prostanoids in the
      mechanisms that give rise to breathlessness.

PMID- 4014869
TI  - Prevalence and nature of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in subjects with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - The prevalence, nature, and severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in subjects
      with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not known. To determine
      these factors, a 1 in 4 random sample of adults attending the Busselton
      population survey was studied. Subjects answered a modified Medical Research
      Council questionnaire and had spirometric function tested. They were defined as
      having COPD or asthma from the questionnaire. Bronchial responsiveness to
      histamine was measured using the rapid method, and results in the subjects with
      COPD were compared with those in asthmatic subjects with abnormal lung function.
      Fifty-nine subjects with COPD had a histamine inhalation test, and of these, 27
      had bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) (PD20FEV1 less than 3.9 mumol). The
      position of the dose response curves of the subjects with COPD overlapped
      considerably with those obtained from the 17 asthmatics. The geometric mean
      values for PD20FEV1 for these 2 groups were significantly different (p less than
      0.001). There was a good correlation between FEV1/FVC and PD20FEV1 values in the
      subjects with COPD but not in the asthmatic subjects. Pretreatment with 600
      micrograms of aerosolized fenoterol significantly improved the PD20FEV1 values in
      11 subjects with COPD (1.26 to 6.16 mumol; p less than 0.001). The results
      suggest that approximately half the subjects with COPD in a general population
      have BHR but this BHR has different characteristics from that occurring in
      asthmatic subjects.

PMID- 4014870
TI  - Ozone response relationships in healthy nonsmokers.
AB  - Significant concentration responses were observed in FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75, SGaw,
      IC, and TLC in 20 healthy, nonsmoking volunteers exposed randomly to 0.00, 0.10,
      0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 ppm O3. In addition, significant response changes for FVC,
      FEV1, and FEF25-75 were shown with time over the 2-h exposure. Intermittent,
      heavy exercise (VE, 68 L/min) lasting 14 min was employed every 30 min during
      exposure. Inspection of the concentration and time response curves suggests that
      the threshold for the group response is at or below 0.15 ppm O3. Six subjects
      experienced decreases greater than 5% in FEV1 or greater than 15% in SGaw at 0.15
      ppm. This concentration is only slightly higher than the 1-h O3 National Ambient
      Air Quality Standard. A dose-related response was also seen for cough, nose and
      throat irritation, and chest discomfort. The work load, length of exposure, and
      individual sensitivity must be considered for establishing a safe O3 exposure
      level.

PMID- 4014871
TI  - Determinants of maximal inspiratory pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease.
AB  - Inspiratory muscle strength in COPD could be reduced either because of mechanical
      disadvantage consequent to increased lung volume or because respiratory muscles
      share in generalized muscle weakness. To assess the relative contributions of
      these factors, we measured maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (Pimax,
      Pemax, cmH2O) at RV and TLC, respectively, in 32 patients with COPD. The TLC, RV,
      and diaphragm length index at RV (DLI, cm/cm height) were determined
      roentgenographically and compared with values from 22 normal subjects studied at
      comparable lung volume. Half the patients with COPD had normal and half had low
      values of Pemax, but both groups had similar values of TLC, RV, and DLI. In
      patients with COPD, Pimax correlated (p less than 0.001) with Pemax (r = 0.73)
      and DLI (r = 0.64). The slope of the Pimax-DLI relationship was essentially the
      same in both groups of patients with COPD as it was in the normal subjects.
      However, at any value of DLI, Pimax was in the normal range in patients with
      normal Pemax, but significantly lower in patients with low Pemax (p less than
      0.001). Expressing Pimax as a combined function of Pemax and DLI yielded the
      highest correlation (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001), with Pemax explaining 46% and
      DLI explaining 35% of the variance in Plmax not explained by the other variable
      alone (p less than 0.001). The PaCO2 was elevated in 13 of 18 patients whose
      Pimax was less than 55 cm H2O, and inversely correlated with Pimax (r = -0.66, p
      less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014872
TI  - Inspiratory muscle function in patients with severe kyphoscoliosis.
AB  - In 9 patients with severe kyphoscoliosis we studied inspiratory muscle function
      by measuring transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and its components: gastric (Pga)
      and esophageal (Pes) pressures during quiet breathing. Maximal Pdi and maximal
      inspiratory mouth pressure (Pimax) were also measured. The results showed that
      Pimax and Pdimax were significantly lower in patients than in normal subjects.
      During quiet breathing, all patients had positive swings in Pga, indicating an
      active contraction of the diaphragm, but Pes was significantly more negative,
      suggesting the recruitment of intercostal and accessory inspiratory muscles. We
      did not find significant correlations between Pimax, Pdimax, delta Pga/delta Pes,
      FVC, PaO2, or PaCO2 and the degree of spinal deformity. The FVC tended to
      correlate with Pimax (r = 0.63) and with Pdimax (r = 0.53). The Pdi correlated
      with PaO2 (r = 0.66) and with PaCO2 (r = -0.76; p less than 0.05). A significant
      correlation was also observed between Pimax and PaO2 (r = 0.785; p less than
      0.05) and between Pimax and PaCO2 (r = -0.86; p less than 0.01). We conclude that
      impairment of inspiratory muscle function is related to the development of
      ventilatory failure in kyphoscoliosis.

PMID- 4014873
TI  - Relationship between respiratory muscle electromyogram and rib cage motion in
      tetraplegia.
AB  - In an attempt to understand the intersubject variation in rib cage motion in
      tetraplegia, and to assess the isolated action of the diaphragm on the human rib
      cage, we studied the pattern of rib cage motion in relation to the pattern of
      nondiaphragmatic respiratory muscle electromyogram (EMG) in 20 tetraplegic
      patients breathing at rest in the seated posture. The general pattern included a
      greater expansion of the lower than of the upper rib cage, and a greater and
      earlier expansion of the lower rib cage in its transverse than in its
      anteroposterior (AP) diameter. However, whereas the upper rib cage moved
      paradoxically inward with inspiration in 11 patients, it did not move or slightly
      expanded in 9 patients; in 1 of these, all rib cage diameters increased in the
      same proportion during inspiration as during relaxation. This intersubject
      variation was not related to the duration of tetraplegia, the pattern of the
      abdominal muscle EMG, or the presence of continuous spastic EMG activity in the
      parasternal intercostals. By contrast, it was related in part to the pattern of
      scalene EMG activity: upper rib cage AP paradox was present in 7 of 8 patients
      with spastic or silent scalenes but only in 4 of 12 patients with phasic
      inspiratory scalene EMG activity. When studied during quiet breathing in the
      supine posture, the 8 subjects with denervated scalene, intercostal, and
      abdominal muscles still showed inspiratory increase in the rib cage transverse
      diameter, but in 7 patients the lower rib cage AP diameter decreased in concert
      with the upper rib cage AP diameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014874
TI  - Usefulness of tumor markers in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage of patients
      undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
AB  - To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of simultaneous determinations of 4 tumor
      markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, calcitonin, creatinine kinase-BB, and DNA), we
      studied 31 patients with lung cancer, 22 with benign lung disease, and 15 normal
      volunteers as control subjects. The measurements were made by radioimmunoassay in
      bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in serum obtained on the same day. The results
      showed that in serum, only CEA levels were significantly higher in malignancy; in
      lavage fluids, all 4 markers were abnormally high in cancer patients when
      compared with control subjects (p less than 0.05); there was no correlation
      between the levels in lavage and those in the bloodstream. When the mean levels
      in lavage of the normal control subjects were designated as the limits for a
      positive test, significant association was found between malignancy and
      abnormally elevated marker concentration (p less than 0.01). The particular
      combination of CEA-BAL greater than 35 ng/mg, CEA-serum greater than 4 ng/ml, and
      calcitonin-BAL greater than 120 pg/mg taken together with the results of
      bronchoscopy (histologic and cytologic) showed the highest discriminating power
      between malignant and benign lung disease. The sensitivity of the bronchoscopy
      procedure increased from 50 to 89%, with at least 2 positive markers, and had a
      specificity of 71%. When both bronchoscopy and all 3 markers were negative, the
      results showed a negative predictive value of 100%. We conclude that tumor marker
      levels in lavage are a useful aid in the diagnosis of malignancy in patients
      undergoing bronchoscopy.

PMID- 4014875
TI  - The effect of acute airway inflammation on bronchial reactivity in guinea pigs.
AB  - This study compared airways reactivity before and after an inflammatory response
      was induced in the airways by exposing them to cigarette smoke. Airways
      reactivity was measured to graded doses of histamine using a standard technique
      in 24 animals without drug pretreatment, in 17 pretreated with propranolol, in 17
      pretreated with atropine, and in 18 pretreated with both atropine and
      propranolol. In each group, at least 5 animals not exposed to cigarette smoke
      served as controls, and the remaining animals were studied in groups of 4 or more
      at 30 min, 6, and 24 h after exposure to 100 puffs of whole cigarette smoke. The
      data show that airways reactivity was increased at 30 min but not at 6 and 24 h
      after exposure to cigarette smoke. Pretreatment with propranolol or the
      combination of propranolol and atropine prior to the histamine dose-response
      curve did not affect the increased response seen after cigarette smoke exposure,
      but pretreatment with atropine abolished it. Comparing this study with our
      previous histologic studies of the airways in similarly exposed animals, we
      conclude that the observed increase in airways reactivity occurs during the fluid
      exudative phase of the inflammatory response before the polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes migrate into the epithelium.

PMID- 4014876
TI  - IgA-mediated phagocytosis by mouse alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Ingestion of antibody-opsonized sheep red blood cells by murine alveolar and
      peritoneal exudate macrophages was studied. Alveolar macrophages or peritoneal
      macrophages were isolated by lavage and incubated with TNP-SRBC, which had been
      preincubated with anti-DNP IgG, IgA, and IgE. Significant enhancement of
      phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages of TNP-SRBC was mediated by all classes of
      antibody examined, most markedly with IgG and less so with IgA and IgE.
      Enhancement of phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages was mediated by IgG and
      IgE, but not by IgA. These results suggest that the interaction of IgA and Fc
      receptors for IgA on alveolar macrophages may increase the level of this cell's
      function in the mammalian lung to clear pathogens and immune complexes from the
      alveolar spaces.

PMID- 4014877
TI  - Breathing and oxygenation during sleep are similar in normal men and normal
      women.
AB  - Most patients with the sleep apnea syndrome are male, and it has been suggested
      that there is a fundamental sex difference in breathing during sleep. To explore
      this we measured overnight ear oxygen saturation (SaO2), breathing patterns, and
      electroencephalographic sleep stage in 21 healthy nonobese women (10
      premenopausal, 11 postmenopausal) and in 19 healthy nonobese men of similar age.
      Sleep duration averaged 6 h 51 min (range 343 to 468 min). The 21 older (greater
      than 45 yr) subjects had more episodes of apnea and hypopnea (p less than 0.01)
      and became more hypoxemic (p less than 0.02) than did the 20 younger subjects,
      but there was no sex difference, either in the younger or older subjects, in
      irregular breathing or nocturnal hypoxemia. Seven subjects 51 to 68 yr of age (4
      men and 3 women) had more than 30 episodes of apnea and/or hypopnea and/or SaO2
      decreases below 90%, but the clinical importance of this finding is unclear, 6 of
      the 7 being alive and 5 asymptomatic at an average of 47 months (range 5 to 67)
      later. Thus, irregular breathing and hypoxemia during sleep are common in both
      sexes older than 50 yr of age. Previous reports of a sex difference are probably
      explained by poor matching of the men and women, particularly with regard to body
      weight.

PMID- 4014878
TI  - An aggressive treatment approach for adult osteomyelitis.
AB  - Osteomyelitis in the adult patient has been associated with failure of
      eradication, late recurrence, nonunion, and prolonged hospitalization. A staged
      aggressive approach has been used for the past seven years to treat 53 patients
      with adult osteomyelitis. This approach includes: evaluation of bone necrosis and
      identification of the etiologic organisms by deep bone culture; radical surgical
      debridement of devascularized tissue; intensive systemic antibiotics; and early
      bone and soft tissue reconstruction. All patients have been followed at least 1
      year (mean, 33 months). Lower extremity bones predominated in the series (24
      tibias, 13 femurs); and 19 patients had bony instability. Thirty-seven patients
      had initial successful eradication of their infections with 26 of these returning
      to full activity status. The remaining 16 patients developed recurrent infection;
      however, 11 patients totally responded to further aggressive treatment. Of the
      five failures in the total series, three patients required amputation and two
      patients have persistent infection. Fifteen of the 19 patients with bony
      instability healed with initial treatment, and the remaining four patients healed
      with subsequent treatment. Six patients had primary muscle flap soft tissue
      reconstruction, and an additional two patients had reconstruction as a secondary
      procedure. In all these patients with tibial instability, bony union was
      accelerated compared to those patients with tibial instability not receiving
      muscle flaps (4 months vs 12 months). The muscle coverage provided by either
      pedicled flaps or transferred by microvascular anastomoses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014879
TI  - A nonoperative approach to the adult ruptured spleen sustained from blunt trauma.
AB  - From 1978 to 1983, 53 consecutive adult patients with ruptured spleens documented
      by radionuclide studies, computerized axial tomography, or surgery, were
      evaluated at William Beaumont Hospital. Thirty-four patients (64%) underwent an
      exploratory laparotomy; 33 resulted in a splenectomy and one patient had an
      attempted splenorraphy which failed. Nineteen patients (36%) were hemodynamically
      stable on admission, or had transient episodes of hypotension readily reversed by
      intravenous fluids. They were placed at strict bedrest under intensive
      monitoring. Two patients deteriorated clinically and were taken to surgery,
      resulting in a splenectomy on the fourth and sixth hospital day, respectively.
      Seventeen patients (32%) were successfully treated nonoperatively, representing
      an 89 per cent success rate. The average admitting hemoglobin in the nonoperative
      group was 13.2 gm/dl, with an average drop of 1.6 gm/dl, and an average total
      blood transfusion of 1.2 units. These patients were followed for an average of
      19.2 months, with no sequelae from their splenic injury. In a hemodynamically
      stable adult patient with a splenic injury sustained from blunt trauma, a
      nonoperative approach is a viable alternative when close intensive monitoring is
      available.

PMID- 4014880
TI  - Parathyroid carcinoma. A report of five cases.
AB  - Parathyroid carcinoma, although rare, represents 0.5-4.0 per cent of the cases of
      hyperparathyroidism. The authors have encountered five cases of parathyroid
      carcinoma in their experience treating 445 patients with primary
      hyperparathyroidism (1.1%) since 1965. All five patients were women, ranging in
      age fro 29 to 60 years, and had marked hypercalcemia at the time of presentation,
      with values up to 26 mg/dl in one case. All the tumors were locally adherent to
      surrounding structures at the time of parathyroidectomy. Pathologically they were
      characteristic with a dense sclerotic reaction and fibrous bands criss-crossing
      islands of parathyroid cells. Three patients with local as well as distant
      metastases have died as a result of recurrent parathyroid carcinoma (follow-up:
      2, 3, and 6 years). The remaining two patients became normocalcemic following
      resection, and have been asymptomatic for 1 and 7 years, respectively. The
      overall survival and clinical course, in our limited experience with five
      parathyroid carcinoma cases demonstrates that the morbidity and mortality in
      these patients is mainly due to local recurrence with the resultant metabolic
      disturbances, as has been previously noted in the literature.

PMID- 4014881
TI  - The asymptomatic carotid bruit.
AB  - Management of the asymptomatic carotid bruit remains a controversial subject. The
      purpose of this study is to determine whether or not such bruits are important
      risk factors in the evolution of stroke. Since April 1977, 87 patients with 131
      asymptomatic carotid bruits were evaluated with the Gee oculoplethysmography
      (OPG). Eleven bruits (8.4%) were hemodynamically significant (ophthalmic
      artery/brachial artery systolic pressure index below 0.69 or a difference of 5 mm
      Hg or more between the eyes). The patients were reevaluated at 6-month intervals.
      The mean follow-up was 34 months (range, 1-60 months). During this period, 14
      bruits (11.6%) that initially were nonhemodynamically significant (NHS) later
      became hemodynamically significant (HS). Patients with asymptomatic carotid
      bruits had a stroke incidence of 10.3 per cent. Patients with HS bruits had a
      stroke incidence of 24 per cent and a transient ischemic attack (TIA) incidence
      of 16 per cent, which were significantly higher (P greater than 0.01) compared to
      the patients with NHS bruits (4.8% incidence of stroke and 3.2% incidence of
      TIA). Nine patients (10.3%) developed strokes without antecedent TIA and six
      patients (6.9%) developed TIA. The strokes occurred in the cerebral hemisphere
      supplied by the carotid artery with HS bruit in three of six patients. The
      strokes in three patients with NHS bruits were on the same side of the bruits.
      The TIAs developed in four patients with HS bruits and in two patients with NHS
      bruits. The authors conclude that the patient with an asymptomatic HS carotid
      bruit has a high risk of developing a stroke and that surgical treatment is
      warranted.

PMID- 4014882
TI  - Differential endothelial injury caused by vascular clamps and vessel loops. I.
      Normal vessels.
AB  - Silicone rubber looped tourniquets were compared with standard crossmembered
      metallic peripheral vascular occlusive clamps in a canine aorto-iliac vessel
      model to compare the degree and severity of endothelial injury as demonstrated by
      scanning electron microscopy. The moderate-to-severe injury incurred by the
      standard clamps was not seen whatsoever with the looped tourniquets. Selective
      and preferential use of silastic rubber vessel tourniquet loops for vascular
      occlusion and control is thus advocated.

PMID- 4014883
TI  - Differential endothelial injury caused by vascular clamps and vessel loops. II.
      Atherosclerotic vessels.
AB  - Performance of a vascular anastomosis or repair requires meticulous, gentle
      technique and a bloodless operative field. Many vascular surgeons rely on
      commercial "atraumatic" vascular clamps for the latter; however, most
      experimental evidence incriminates clamps as agents of moderate to severe
      endothelial and medial injury. Our previous studies in normal canine aortoiliac
      vessels have demonstrated that silastic rubber vessel loops did not cause injury
      in that setting; this study examines in vivo atherosclerotic human
      femoropopliteal artery segments. Ten centimeter segments of perfused
      femoropopliteal arteries were exposed during performance of above-knee lower
      extremity amputation for endstage vascular insufficiency. DeBakey, Cooley,
      Fogarty, and bulldog vascular clamps, and double-looped silastic rubber vessel
      loops were applied at 3-centimeter intervals for 15 minutes. Each segment was
      then examined under scanning electron microscopy. All vascular clamps caused
      endothelial and presumed medial injury; no injury was seen with the vessel loops.
      Selective and preferential use of silastic rubber vessel loops is thus advocated
      to minimize iatrogenic complications.

PMID- 4014884
TI  - Operative risks in patients with colorectal cancer.
AB  - This study emphasizes the risks in the operative treatment of patients with
      colorectal cancer. In dissecting our overall operative mortality of 7.4 per cent
      in consecutive patients over a 5-year period, three factors influencing the
      outcome were identified. These were the age of the patient, the stage of the
      disease, and the availability of preoperative bowel preparation by mechanical
      cleansing and antibiotic suppression of the colonic bacterial flora. Earlier
      diagnosis and elective resection of prepared bowel offers marked improvement in
      the operative risk for patients with colorectal cancer.

PMID- 4014885
TI  - Surgeon's role in ethical decisions.
AB  - Three clinical cases are summarized to provide examples of reasonably common
      dilemmas in decision making. Instead of a focus on the solutions, the issue of
      "who decides" is raised. Contrary to frequent practice, the position is taken
      that, legally and ethically, substantive patient involvement is required. Factors
      implicated in physician dominance are briefly discussed, including subjectivity,
      medical care environments, and notions of the proper role of the physician.
      Suggestions for the surgeon's role include professional competence, patient
      education (including effective communication), and separation of the
      medical/technical aspects of decisions from the ethical/personal ones.

PMID- 4014886
TI  - Endometriosis in the male.
AB  - An 83-year-old man with an endometrioma of the lower abdominal wall has been
      reported. This occurred following the administration of 25 mg of TACE for a
      period of about 10 years for what was thought to be carcinoma of the prostate. A
      second transurethral resection done by Dr. R. C. Thompson proved to be
      adenocarcinoma. Subsequent to this he was continued on TACE. A review of the more
      commonly accepted theories of the development of endometriosis in the female has
      been presented. It is pointed out that the separation between the male and female
      urogenital systems occurs in the embryo between the eighth week and the fourth
      month. There is always a possibility for remnants of the opposite sex to remain
      in individuals. No such was seen in the case which is herein reported. Normal
      phenotype male was demonstrated in the chromosomal evaluation. A review of the
      literature on endometriosis in the male reveals several cases which have
      occurred; the origin of which is though to be from the prostatic utricle which is
      a remnant of the uterus existing in the male. After a prolonged course the
      patient reported was followed until he died in 1979. There was no recurrence of
      the abdominal wall mass but persistent low grade carcinoma of the prostate
      remained. The terminal process was related to cardiovascular disease and not
      carcinoma of the prostate. There was delay in publication of this unusual case.
      The original plan was to await final confirmation of the exact pathologic nature
      of this condition; unfortunately this was never done since a postmortem
      examination was not performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4014887
TI  - [Detection of subclinical glomerulopathies in childhood].

PMID- 4014888
TI  - [Boutonneuse fever in children].
AB  - Due to an increase in the number of cases of spotted fever, a prospective study
      was undertaken in 31 children affected by the disease, including clinical,
      laboratory and microbiological data from may to october of 1983. The most
      frequent symptoms found were: fever 100%, "tache noire" 87%, and a maculopapular
      rash 81%. The Weil-Felix reaction was positive in 65% of them and indirect
      immunofluorescence was positive in 81%, confirming the sensitivity and
      specificity of this serologic procedure. The 27 children who received specific
      treatment, 26 with tetracycline and one with chloramphenicol, differed
      considerably in a lesser duration of their symptoms, in comparison with the group
      of children without treatment.

PMID- 4014890
TI  - [Current trends in breastfeeding in Valladolid].
AB  - Authors studied influence of several factors on the election of infant feeding
      type, and breast feeding incidence and its duration. Two hundred questionnaires
      were obtained from mothers living within Valladolid. 76% intended to breast-feed.
      Breast-feeding was not modified by mothers' age, geographic area, instruction,
      economic-social class, tradition, desired pregnancy, maternal opinion about
      lactation, aesthetic impairment, maternal or neonatal pathology, husband advice
      and medical opinion. Nevertheless, frequency of bottle feeding was significantly
      increased by medical advice contrary to breast-feeding, absence of husband's
      opinion, hospital admission of the newborn and absence of feeding type
      distinction by mother. Duration of breast-feeding was longer in low level
      cultural classes, without differences of mother's age or economic condition.
      Motives for election were: breast-feed was considered more nutritive (78%),
      family tradition (10%), and medical advice (8%). Reasons for suspension were:
      Hypogalactia (70%), medical advice (16%), maternal disease (7%), child disease
      (3%) and maternal work (3%).

PMID- 4014889
TI  - [Use of skull radiography in craniocerebral injuries in childhood].
AB  - Authors review the usefulness of radiographic skull examination in childhood head
      injury. Two hundred and forty-two patients assisted at the emergency area were
      prospectively recorded during one year. Data of filiation and epidemiology and
      symptoms and signs posed by Leonidas as "high risk criteria" to have a skull
      fracture, were registered. AP and L X-Ray skull were performed in all patients.
      Thirteen (5.37%) of them had a fracture. Blood discharge from the ear and skull
      depressed fracture were more frequently found in the fracture group with
      statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01,
      respectively). The probability of positive finding was 8.8 for blood discharge
      from the ear, 17.6 for skull depressed fracture and 4.4 for bilateral black eyes.
      Because of no correlation between clinical and radiological findings, the
      radiographic skull examination must be systematically performed in every head
      injury if the purpose is to diagnose a fracture.

PMID- 4014891
TI  - [Arterial pressure in adolescents].
AB  - We have studied 932 high school and professional institute students aged fifteen
      to eighteen in Madrid, of which 406 were males and 526 females. Blood pressure
      measurements were taken on all the individuals on three separate occasions. The
      recorded values are expressed in percentiles for age and sex. We have found lower
      diastolic blood pressure levels than those reported so far in the literature, in
      agreement with the values recorded by us in children between two and fourteen
      years old. The prevalence of hypertension in the population studied was 3%,
      higher in males than in females (4.67% and 1.61%, respectively). We assume the
      idea that the measurement of blood pressure in teenagers is mandatory because of
      the high prevalence of arterial hypertension in this age group.

PMID- 4014892
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of a new slow-release theophylline preparation in asthmatic
      children].
AB  - This study compares the pharmacokinetics of two preparations of slow-release
      theophylline, one of them already known, and the other one a new product
      (micronized), very well accepted by pediatric patients. Two similar groups of
      fifteen patients each all of then asthmatic children under ten years of age, were
      selected and given a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg of one of the preparations. The
      pharmacokinetic parameters (T 1/2, Kel, VD, Cl and AUC) did not differ between
      both groups. The new product could further be used more safely, due to its lower
      incidence of "erratic" behaviour.

PMID- 4014893
TI  - [Surgical correction of subcoronal hypospadias].
AB  - In 80% of hypospadias admitted in our out-patients clinic, the meatus was located
      at the ventral surface of glands, the balano-penile groove or the third of the
      shaft. In these cases we are performing an operative procedure (Duchekt, 1981)
      that may be accomplished with minimal complication, a short hospital stay and
      improve cosmetic appearance. This plastic surgical procedure incorporates a
      Meatal Advancement and Glandulo-Plasty (MAGPI). We have done 95 of these
      procedures with an hospital stay average of two days. We have not had any
      complications. Because of the low complication rate, the short hospitalization
      required and the benign postoperative course of these children, they believe it
      is perfectly justifiable to offer this procedure in the correction of subcoronal
      hypospadias.

PMID- 4014894
TI  - [Growth retardation, GH deficiency, hyperprolactinemia and delayed puberty].
AB  - A case of a male eleven years and three months old, brought to medical attention
      for short height, is reported. A deficiency of growth hormone associated with
      hyperprolactinemia without previous clinical manifestations is appreciated in
      endocrinological study. Detectable tumor is not apparent in any of the
      investigations performed. HGH and bromocriptine therapy is initiated, resulting
      in and increase in height and a decrease of prolactin. Currently, at fifteen
      years four months of age, clinical and analytical data suggest a case of
      hypogonadism and puberal retardation as well.

PMID- 4014896
TI  - [Kawasaki disease].

PMID- 4014895
TI  - [Ureteral triplication].

PMID- 4014897
TI  - [Nomogram for phenobarbital dosage in children].

PMID- 4014898
TI  - [The tuberculin test. Clarifications].

PMID- 4014899
TI  - Postoperative reflux gastritis: pathophysiology and long-term outcome after Roux
      en-Y diversion.
AB  - Sixteen patients with clinical features of postoperative gastritis who had been
      advised to have a Roux-en-Y diversion were studied prospectively. Studies were
      done pre- and postoperatively (mean follow-up, 4.9 years; range, 3.8 to 6.9), and
      the findings were compared with those in 11 control subjects with previous
      enterogastric anastomosis but with no symptoms. The patients had higher
      concentrations of bile acids and trypsin in gastric samples than did controls.
      Patients had greater endoscopic changes, although mucosal histologic
      characteristics were similar in both groups. Administration of aluminum hydroxide
      or cholestyramine reduced the aqueous concentrations of bile acids in gastric
      contents. Roux-en-Y diversion virtually eliminated duodenogastric reflux, and
      gastroscopic appearances returned to normal. However, Roux-en-Y diversion did not
      change mucosal histologic characteristics. Symptom scores were reduced in the
      early postoperative period, but bilious vomiting was the only symptom alleviated
      consistently and permanently. As a treatment for postoperative gastritis, Roux-en
      Y diversion offers potential but limited benefits.

PMID- 4014900
TI  - Undiagnosed sleep apnea in patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - The prevalence of sleep apnea was studied in 46 middle- and older-aged men with
      "essential hypertension." Thirty-four age- and weight-similar normotensive men
      were also studied. Fourteen hypertensive men and three controls had sleep apnea
      syndrome, as defined as greater than ten apneas per hour of sleep. Hypertensive
      men with apnea tended to be more overweight and slightly older than the
      hypertensive men without apnea, but differences were not statistically
      significant. Individual men with apnea could not be distinguished by their
      answers on a questionnaire that elicited symptoms related to apnea. Seven
      hypertensive men with apnea were treated with protriptyline and one with
      uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, and apnea index (apneas per hour) decreased by 77%
      from pretreatment levels while mean blood pressure decreased from 149/95 mm Hg to
      139/90 mm Hg. Undiagnosed sleep apnea syndrome may be associated with systemic
      hypertension in many middle- and older-aged men. In some, sleep apnea syndrome
      could be the cause of hypertension, and in others it may contribute to
      hypertension of another cause.

PMID- 4014901
TI  - Risk of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and preleukemia in patients treated with
      cyclophosphamide for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Comparison with results obtained in
      patients treated for Hodgkin's disease and ovarian carcinoma with other
      alkylating agents.
AB  - Of 602 patients treated for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 9 developed overt acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia or preleukemia with refractory cytopenia and cytogenetic
      abnormalities of the bone marrow. A Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative
      probability of leukemic complications was 6.3 +/- 2.6% (mean +/- SE) 7 years
      after start of treatment. All 9 patients with leukemic complications belong to a
      major subgroup of 498 patients treated with alkylating agents, predominantly
      cyclophosphamide. The risk of leukemic complications in this subgroup was
      compared with the risk in 312 patients treated with other alkylating agents for
      Hodgkin's disease, and with the risk in 553 patients treated with
      dihydroxybusulfan for ovarian carcinoma. Cumulative 9-year risks were 8.0 +/-
      3.3%, 12.8 +/- 3.5%, and 7.1 +/- 1.9%, respectively. The general risk of
      secondary leukemia after long-term treatment with alkylating agents ranges from
      1% to 1.5% per year from 2 to at least 9 years after start of treatment.

PMID- 4014902
TI  - Waterborne Legionella bozemanii and nosocomial pneumonia in immunosuppressed
      patients.
AB  - From October 1983 to February 1984, five episodes of nosocomial pneumonia caused
      by Legionella bozemanii occurred in immunosuppressed patients at a 300-bed
      community hospital. Pulmonary infiltrates were predominantly patchy and present
      in multiple lobes and bilaterally; cavitation occurred in one patient. Patients
      responded promptly and completely to treatment with erythromycin and rifampin.
      Epidemiologic studies showed that all patients had been continuously or recently
      hospitalized at the same institution. Legionella bozemanii was cultured from four
      of the five infected patients, from tapwater in patient care areas, from the
      hospital's hotwater holding tank, and from soil in an area of excavation and new
      construction on hospital property. Chlorination and heat sterilization of the
      tank eliminated L. bozemanii from the water and no further cases were seen. This
      outbreak reaffirms that excavation and construction are risk factors for the
      outbreak of nosocomial legionella pneumonia and is the first description of
      nosocomial infection due to L. bozemanii.

PMID- 4014903
TI  - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome associated with persistently normal fasting serum
      gastrin concentrations.
AB  - A 63-year-old man with a 2-year history of upper gastrointestinal ulcers was
      found to have the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Despite histologic verification of
      gastrinoma, several fasting serum gastrin concentrations were normal. However, in
      response to intravenous secretin infusion, a paradoxical increase in serum
      gastrin levels indicative of gastrinoma was seen. Although serum gastrin
      concentrations in patients with suspected gastrinoma may be persistently normal,
      provocative testing may be necessary to establish the diagnosis of the Zollinger
      Ellison syndrome.

PMID- 4014904
TI  - The prophylactic treatment of hemophilia B Leyden with anabolic steroids.

PMID- 4014905
TI  - No hepatitis after treatment with a modified factor IX concentrate in previously
      untreated hemophiliacs.

PMID- 4014906
TI  - Conducting clinical research in geriatric populations.
AB  - Clinical research on geriatric populations requires adaptation of traditional
      methodologies, modification of expectations, and the development of new
      procedures. Some aspects of research methodology are unique to studies of
      geriatric populations. Experience in this relatively new area of geriatric
      research indicates that new partnerships between researchers and long-term care
      providers are needed. These new relationships require an understanding of the
      needs of geriatric populations and of the differences between providers of long
      term care and of acute-care. Researchers must consider heterogeneity of the
      population, the probability of multiple diagnoses and treatments, subject
      attrition, and the possibility of invalid data. Such considerations require extra
      staff, more time, and increased funding as well as new thinking about study
      design and protocol implementation.

PMID- 4014907
TI  - Does central nervous system adaptation to antecedent glycemia occur in patients
      with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?

PMID- 4014908
TI  - The GPEP Report: II. Clinical education.

PMID- 4014909
TI  - Connective tissue in the lung: lessons from the Marfan syndrome.

PMID- 4014910
TI  - Biofeedback for gastrointestinal disorders. Health and Public Policy Committee,
      American College of Physicians.

PMID- 4014911
TI  - Streptokinase and the Guillain-Barre syndrome.

PMID- 4014912
TI  - Cyclosporine and prostaglandins.

PMID- 4014913
TI  - Thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics in hypertension.

PMID- 4014915
TI  - Familial benign hypercalcemia.

PMID- 4014914
TI  - Obesity and erythrocyte sedimentation rates.

PMID- 4014916
TI  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 4014917
TI  - Afebrile diarrhea and Blastocystis hominis.

PMID- 4014918
TI  - Eosinophilic cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and cryptococcal meningitis.

PMID- 4014919
TI  - Hepatitis B virus markers in Asian families.

PMID- 4014920
TI  - Heated sera and laboratory tests.

PMID- 4014922
TI  - [The speech of hebephrenic patients (maladjustment between assimilation and
      accommodation)].
AB  - Previous studies indicate that schizophrenic thought processes show a disturbance
      in the balance between assimilation and accommodation, as Piaget uses these
      terms. The authors postulated that this phenomenon could also account for the
      typical language disorders of hebephrenics, particularly semantic slippage. Every
      fourth word was deleted from linguistic material produced by eight controls and
      thirteen hebephrenics (Silverman). Three judges were then asked to fill in the
      blanks. The deleted words used by the subjects were compared with the replacement
      words chosen by the judges. The comparison revealed such disorders in hebephrenic
      speech as semantic alteration (metaphorical and metonymic) of the linguistic
      tropic type and syntax disorders including inhibition of the expansion of phrases
      introduced by functional monemes (morphemes), whether primary or secondary. These
      observations confirm those of other authors, more especially those of Roch
      Lecours et al. On the basis of Martinet's functional linguistics, Chomsky's
      generative grammar and Piaget's cognitive psychology, the authors conclude that
      the psychopathology underlying hebephrenic speech is a disturbance of language
      rather than of parole and that hebephrenic syntactical distortions are linked to
      the disturbance in the balance between assimilation and accommodation
      characteristic of schizophrenic thought processes.

PMID- 4014921
TI  - Hypothermia and sepsis.

PMID- 4014923
TI  - [Computer-assisted qualitative study of states of excitement].

PMID- 4014924
TI  - [Full-time hospitalization in adult psychiatry: indications and
      contraindications].

PMID- 4014925
TI  - Retinal detachment surgery with the OPMI-6 surgical microscope.
AB  - Various aspects of retinal detachment surgery using the OPMI-6 surgical
      microscope as a visual aid are discussed. The following point is made: Provided
      that subretinal fluid has been drained prior to retinal detachment surgery, holes
      or tears in the retina will be clearly visible through the OPMI-6, eliminating
      the need for a posterior mirror lens as a supplemental visual aid.

PMID- 4014926
TI  - Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis.
AB  - In December 1980, a 26-year-old black man came to the Washington Hospital Center
      Eye Clinic with a unilateral decrease in visual acuity, vitreous inflammation,
      optic disk pallor, and a degenerated retinal pigment epithelium. A motile
      subretinal worm was subsequently found. Unlike an earlier series of 18 patients
      with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis reported by other authors, this
      patient exhibited eosinophilia and a highly positive ELISA for Toxocara.

PMID- 4014927
TI  - Afferent pupillary defect and dilated episcleral and conjunctival vessels in a
      patient with arteriovenous malformation of the brain.
AB  - A 42-year-old man had unilateral Marcus Gunn pupil and bilaterally dilated
      episcleral vessels. After several weeks of testing, using computed tomographic
      (CT) scanning and angiography, the diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
      of the brain was made. Except for the partial optic atrophy in the left eye,
      fundi were normal, with few of the neurologic and systemic manifestations
      reported previously. To my knowledge, this is the first documented case of an AVM
      of the brain with no evidence of an arteriovenous shunt, but with an afferent
      pupillary defect instead.

PMID- 4014928
TI  - Successfully treated spheno-orbital mucormycosis in an otherwise healthy adult.
AB  - Orbital mucormycosis usually occurs in patients with demonstrable systemic
      illness and continues to carry a significant morbidity. We report a case of
      successfully treated spheno-orbital mucormycosis in an otherwise healthy adult.

PMID- 4014929
TI  - Cystic conjunctival masses as the presenting sign of disseminated lymphoma.
AB  - Systemic malignant lymphoma rarely presents as conjunctival masses. Biopsy of
      unusual cystic conjunctival masses from a 49-year-old woman showed malignant
      lymphoma. On subsequent examination, the patient was found to have disseminated
      systemic malignant lymphoma. Examination of possible predictive clinical features
      of the conjunctival lesions showed that these were of little value in diagnosing
      the systemic malignancy.

PMID- 4014930
TI  - Central retinal artery occlusion following transfemoral cerebral angiography.
AB  - Whereas most ocular complications following cerebral angiography are benign and
      transient, central retinal artery occlusion following cerebral angiography
      produces severe permanent visual deficits in nearly 40% of patients. Physicians
      ordering and performing cerebral angiography should be aware of this
      complication, since immediate attention to patients with visual disturbance from
      central retinal artery occlusion may save useful vision. All previously reported
      cases of central retinal artery occlusion following cerebral angiography have
      occurred after direct percutaneous carotid angiography. We report a case of
      central retinal artery occlusion following transfemoral cerebral angiography
      using a #5 French catheter and meglumine iothalamate (Conray-60) contrast.

PMID- 4014931
TI  - Congenital retinal arteriovenous communication associated with an ipsilateral
      cranial dermatofibrosarcoma.

PMID- 4014932
TI  - Eye irritations induced by smog.

PMID- 4014933
TI  - Childhood orbital pseudotumor.
AB  - Pseudotumor of the orbit is an uncommon entity in children. Three patients under
      20 years of age with biopsy-proved orbital pseudotumor are presented. A three
      month-old infant, to our knowledge the youngest patient reported with orbital
      pseudotumor, had a history similar to those of previously reported cases, whereas
      the two older patients differed from previously reported cases of childhood
      pseudotumor in that they lacked constitutional symptoms and orbital pain. Two of
      the patients were successfully treated with systemic steroids. In one patient,
      radiation therapy was required to reduce the mass.

PMID- 4014934
TI  - The incidence of idiopathic preretinal macular gliosis.
AB  - A series of 1,000 consecutive routine eye examinations performed on patients over
      the age of 50 was evaluated with particular reference to the presence of
      idiopathic preretinal macular gliosis (IPMG). In this group, there were 64
      patients with IPMG (6.4%), 13 (20%) of whom had bilateral IPMG. The large
      majority of cases (63%), however, had only minor visual disability as a result of
      this disorder.

PMID- 4014935
TI  - [Velopharyngeal rehabilitation after transmaxillary buccopharyngectomy extending
      to the soft palate].
AB  - Two types of velopharyngeal rehabilitation are proposed after transmaxillary
      buccopharyngectomy extending to the soft palate region. The first method is by
      velopharyngoplasty, when exeresis has not involved a half or a quarter of the
      soft palate and at least half of the posterior pharyngeal wall. The second
      procedure is for use after exeresis involving all or almost all of the soft
      palate and a half of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and makes use of velum
      palatinum reconstruction. The method of choice is velopharyngoplasty, excellent
      functional results being obtained for both phonation and feeding.

PMID- 4014936
TI  - [Mediastinal tracheotomy in cervicofacial oncologic surgery. Contribution of the
      pectoralis major myocutaneous flap].
AB  - Four cases of anterior mediastinal tracheostomy with myocutaneous Pectoralis
      Major flap are described. Resection of the manubrium, clavicular heads and the
      cartilages of the first and second ribs is necessary. The use of myocutaneous
      Pectoralis Major flap give good functional results. No infection or hemorrhage of
      mediastinal great vessels occurred. The indications of Anterior mediastinal
      tracheostomy are discussed. Stomal and peristomal recurrences following
      laryngectomy for carcinoma represents the indication of choice. Stomal
      recurrences are difficult to treat and the prognostic is poor. Prevention of the
      stomal recurrences is discussed.

PMID- 4014937
TI  - [Plastic surgery after circular pharyngectomy. Apropos of 78 cases].
AB  - 78 patients with hypopharyngeal and/or cervical oesophageal squamous cell
      carcinoma underwent a total pharyngectomy from 1970 to 1982. The pharyngeal
      and/or cervical oesophageal reconstruction was carried out with cutaneous flaps,
      myocutaneous flaps or colon interposition. The advantages and disadvantages of
      these techniques as well as their complications are discussed. Following this
      experience, a therapeutic attitude is presented. The authors insist on the
      quality and duration of survival of patients after the surgical procedure.

PMID- 4014938
TI  - [Purulent meningitis after minor nasosinus surgery. Apropos of 10 cases].
AB  - Purulent meningitis developed during the immediate or late postoperative period
      in 10 patients undergoing minor surgical procedures for nasosinusal affections.
      An important point is that the meningeal infection may be a very late onset
      complication, the osteodural gap sometimes giving rise to several attacks of
      meningitis at unexpected times. Treatment should be based on the presence or
      absence of clinical cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, of a fracture of the anterior
      shelf of base of cranium on tomography, and results of isotopic scanning which
      are valid only if positive. Surgery to close the gap is justified when rhinorrhea
      persists after recovery from meningitis or when recurrent bouts are reported.
      Even after surgery, however, there is still the risk of further attacks of
      meningitis. An interesting adjuvant to treatment is by antipneumococcal
      vaccination.

PMID- 4014939
TI  - [Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the nasopharynx in children after previous
      chemotherapy. Preliminary results on 21 cases treated at the Institut Gustave
      Roussy between 1978 and 1981].
AB  - Between 1978 and 1981, 21 children were treated at IGR for a poorly
      differentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx. In hopes of diminishing the
      radiation doses and the incidence of metastases, the treatment began by either
      single agent or combination chemotherapy. The total dose of irradiation could be
      reduced to 50 Gy in 17 patients. The short term results are available for 18
      cases. There were 2 isolated local recurrences, 2 isolated nodal recurrences and
      1 combined local and nodal recurrence. In march 1983 the overall results revealed
      the following: of 21 patients initially treated, 10 are alive without local
      regional recurrence (but 1 with metastases); 2 are dead metastases; 9 are lost to
      follow up with metastases.

PMID- 4014940
TI  - [Total glossectomy with preservation of the larynx and immediate reconstruction.
      Apropos of 27 cases].
AB  - Total glossectomy with preservation of larynx was performed in 27 patients with
      lesions affecting the whole tongue and developing from the base, the
      tonsilloglottal recess, of the junction zone and of the posterior wall, or from
      the mobile tongue. Results in patients followed up for more than one year (27
      cases) showed: 11 survivors only, with 12 deaths from local, regional or
      metastatic recurrence. Among the 11 survivors, 7 presented very satisfactory
      functional rehabilitation--they no longer required tracheotomies, were free from
      pain and fed themselves without problem with mixed types of food. Phonation could
      be understood and they were reasonably autonomous. When tumoral excision is
      possible in patients with extension not evident as palpable glands, this
      operation appears quite justified for patients who are psychologically motivated
      and very insistent on some therapy, the modalities and risks of which have been
      exposed.

PMID- 4014941
TI  - Labyrinthine otosclerosis studied with a new computed tomography technique.
AB  - Forty-two patients (84 ears) with surgically confirmed otosclerosis were examined
      with a computerized tomographic scanner (Philips Tomoscan 310) equipped with a
      table swivel mechanism. All ears were scanned in the horizontal and a new
      semilongitudinal plane. In patients with an unimpaired bone conduction threshold,
      a normal labyrinthine capsule was found in all ears except two. Normal bone
      conduction does not exclude extensive labyrinthine otospongiosis. In cases with
      bone conduction impairment, the bony labyrinth appeared normal in about half the
      ears. In the other half, areas of bone resorption were present and a positive
      correlation was found between the degree of bone loss and the amount of bone
      conduction threshold loss.

PMID- 4014942
TI  - Clinical assessment of flap perfusion by fiberoptic fluorometry.
AB  - Perfusion fluorometry, a method which quantifies tissue fluorescence after
      intravenous fluorescein injection, has been highly predictive of skin flap
      survival in animals. It is advantageous because it is objective, simple,
      noninvasive, repeatable, and can be used to monitor flap perfusion constantly by
      following both uptake and elimination of dye. We applied this method clinically
      to a variety of flaps used in head and neck surgery. All flaps with good
      fluorometric values survived totally. Based on experience with 37 flaps,
      fluorometric indices have been established that accurately predict necrosis.
      Serial dye injections have been used to document transient flap ischemia in the
      early postoperative period. Representative cases illustrating the advantages of
      fluorometry in flap assessment are presented.

PMID- 4014943
TI  - Vocal function following carbon dioxide laser surgery for glottic carcinoma.
AB  - Vocal function following laser surgery for glottic T1a carcinoma was evaluated in
      17 patients and compared to vocal function following radiotherapy in 14 patients.
      The results are summarized as follows. 1) A slight degree of hoarseness was found
      more frequently following laser surgery than following radiotherapy. The quality
      of hoarseness was rough and breathy in most cases. 2) In stroboscopic
      examination, incomplete glottal closure and diminution or lack of vibration of
      the operated vocal fold were frequently observed following laser surgery. 3)
      There was no marked difference in maximum phonation time, mean airflow rate,
      fundamental frequency range of phonation, intensity range of phonation, and
      intensity-flow ratio between the laser and the radiotherapy groups. On the basis
      of these results, we conclude that there is little difference in vocal function
      between postlaser and postradiotherapy patients as far as conversational voice is
      concerned.

PMID- 4014944
TI  - Auditory brain stem potentials recorded at different scalp locations in neonates
      and adults.
AB  - The auditory evoked brain stem potential was recorded in 14 normal full-term
      infants and nine normal-hearing adults. Silver-silver chloride electrodes were
      placed at nasion, forehead, vertex, each mastoid over the bony prominence, and
      the seventh cervical vertebra (noncephalic reference) in order to study the scalp
      distribution of the auditory brain stem response. Large differences in the scalp
      distribution between the newborn and adult populations were observed. At the
      ipsilateral mastoid, an x wave occurring at approximately 2 ms and a y wave
      occurring at approximately 3.3 ms were identified in the adult; this contrasts to
      a y wave at approximately 3.7 ms in the neonate. It appears that there are either
      separate generators for some of the components in the adult versus the neonate,
      and/or as the nervous system matures, myelinization occurs with a concomitant
      change in the scalp distribution of the auditory brain stem potentials.

PMID- 4014945
TI  - Petrous apicitis: surgical anatomy.
AB  - Various surgical approaches to the petrous apex for exposure and drainage of
      suppurative processes are available to the otologist. The petrous apex may be
      conveniently divided into anterior and posterior portions by a line in the
      coronal plane through the internal auditory canal. The approach to the posterior
      petrous apex follows fistulous tracts in the sinodural angle, the subarcuate
      fossa, and the infralabyrinthine tract. The anterior petrous apex may be entered
      by means of a radical mastoidectomy. Fistulous tracts into an infected anterior
      petrous apex may be found through the hypotympanum, below the cochlea, through a
      triangle anterior to the cochlea, below the middle fossa dura, and above the
      carotid artery. In this approach to the petrous tip, one must have a thorough
      knowledge of the anatomical relationships around the carotid artery and cochlea:
      the carotid artery lies within 1.69 +/- 0.70 mm of the cochlea anteriorly, and
      the carotid artery may be exposed within the middle ear.

PMID- 4014946
TI  - Effects of repeated stripping on vocal fold mucosa in cats.
AB  - Repeated stripping of the vocal folds in patients with recurrent vocal nodules
      may produce permanent, negative effects on voice quality. Hoarseness can be
      present with no evidence of structural or functional disease on indirect
      laryngoscopy. A common assumption is that scar tissue has formed, though the
      relationship between scarring and voice quality is not clear. In the study
      reported here, cats were subjected to four strippings of the left vocal fold at 6
      to 8-week intervals. Tissues obtained were examined for changes in the
      composition of the mucosa and its nervous network. Alterations observed over the
      four strippings included 1) an increasing component of fibrous tissue and 2)
      apparent changes in both the number and structure of nervous elements.
      Implications of the findings for voice production, clinical management, and
      further research are discussed.

PMID- 4014947
TI  - Computerized tomographic evaluation of the middle ear and mastoid for
      posttraumatic hearing loss.
AB  - High resolution computerized tomography has been proven valuable in all aspects
      of temporal bone study. The importance of the procedure in evaluation of
      traumatic lesions, particularly of the middle ear, has been underemphasized.
      Damage to the middle ear may occur with blunt trauma, penetrating injury, or
      barotrauma. Conductive hearing loss and/or CSF otorrhea may result. Detailed
      evaluation of the ossicles is the hallmark of properly performed computerized
      tomographic evaluation.

PMID- 4014948
TI  - Venous hum as a cause of reversible factitious sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Self-heard venous hums have been previously documented and recognized as one
      cause of audible pulsatile tinnitus. A patient presented with a right internal
      jugular venous hum causing audible tinnitus and a right sensorineural hearing
      loss, both of which resolved after high ligation of the right internal jugular
      vein. We speculate that the hearing loss measured initially was factitious and
      represented a masking effect due to the venous hum.

PMID- 4014949
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the middle ear. A 25-year retrospective study.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinomas of the middle ear cleft are highly unpleasant tumors
      which pose many problems for the otologist. We have retrospectively reviewed the
      hospital notes of 21 patients (22 ears) who presented with this disease in order
      to try to clarify those features which are of prognostic significance. We
      confirmed that a history of chronic suppuration with or without cholesteatoma
      predisposes the patient to tumor development and that, in the presence of
      continuing otorrhea, patients are not protected by mastoid surgery. These
      patients have been treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy without en
      bloc resection of the temporal bone and, in these circumstances, the histological
      grade of the tumor at presentation appears to bear a direct relationship to
      survival.

PMID- 4014950
TI  - Brain stem auditory evoked potential monitoring during profound hypothermia and
      circulatory arrest.
AB  - The effects of decreased temperature on brain stem auditory evoked potentials
      (BAEP) have been previously described in mild to moderate hypothermia. This
      report describes BAEP monitoring during profound hypothermia (11 degrees C) and
      circulatory arrest for repair of an aortic arch aneurysm. Recording of BAEP were
      interpretable during cooling to 14 degrees C, and demonstrated increasing
      interpeak (I-V) latency compatible with prolongation of brain stem conduction
      time. The changes rapidly returned to normal during rewarming from profound
      hypothermia, in a fashion similar to that seen after mild hypothermia, and
      therefore appear to be completely reversible.

PMID- 4014951
TI  - Preservation of the human cochlea.
AB  - Human cochleas processed with a varying interval between death and initial
      fixation were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The
      specimens were fixed by paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixatives in buffer.
      Cochleas fixed less than two hours postmortem showed excellent morphology in
      general. With increasing time lag between death and fixation the results became
      more variable. In some specimens fixed up to six hours postmortem, however, the
      morphology still was well preserved, but as the interval increased, a greater
      variability was introduced. The conclusion is that specimens fixed up to six
      hours postmortem can show excellent electron microscopic morphology. Limited
      information can be obtained up to 12 hours postmortem, after which the results
      tend to be unreliable.

PMID- 4014952
TI  - Cochlear vessel permeability to horseradish peroxidase in the normal and
      acoustically traumatized chinchilla: a reevaluation.
AB  - A method involving incubation of intact cochleae using the small protein,
      horseradish peroxidase, has revealed that a barrier exists between the blood and
      the stria vascularis. This barrier is more tenuous than the barrier that exists
      across other cochlear vessels. The stria-strial vessel barrier can be altered
      physiologically by acoustic trauma or artifactually by dissection.

PMID- 4014953
TI  - Nerve fibers in the fetal organ of Corti. Scanning electron microscopic study.
AB  - Four human fetal inner ears ranging from 22 to 25 weeks' gestation were examined
      by scanning electron microscopy. Dissection of the organ of Corti revealed nerve
      fibers at the bottom of Corti's tunnel and the first row of the external spiral
      bundles on the medial wall of Deiters' cells. The nerve fiber arrangement was
      more complicated compared to that of animals so far reported. Thin nerve fibers
      which ran irregularly and showed branching were found both in Corti's tunnel and
      in the external spiral bundle and at times were connected to the tunnel medial
      fibers. These thin fibers were estimated to be efferent in nature.

PMID- 4014954
TI  - Effect of peroral glycerol administration on inner ear fluid electrolytes of
      guinea pigs.
AB  - After the oral administration of 50% glycerol (12 mL/kg), serum, CSF and inner
      ear fluids from scala tympani perilymph, scala vestibuli perilymph, and scala
      media endolymph were collected from normal guinea pigs under sodium pentobarbital
      anesthesia (25-35 mg/kg). The sodium and potassium concentrations were determined
      by microflame photometry. Increases in sodium concentrations were found in CSF,
      scala tympani perilymph, scala vestibuli perilymph, and cochlear endolymph. No
      significant change was observed in the serum. These sodium increases were
      considered to be due to the dehydration caused by the osmotic action of glycerol.
      Potassium concentration was increased only in scala tympani perilymph. Oral
      administration of glycerol was found to be more gradual and effective in
      dehydration compared to intravenous injection.

PMID- 4014955
TI  - [The carcinogenic role of earlier x-ray irradiation of multiple epitheliomas of
      the back. Critical study of 15 personal cases].
AB  - The authors report 15 cases of multiple epitheliomas of the back, concerning
      patients who had been previously submitted to X-ray irradiations. Their cases are
      divided into two groups: the first comprises 11 patients who had undergone lumbar
      and sacral anti-inflammatory radiotherapy for rheumatologic diseases; the second
      concerns 4 patients who had had many fluoroscopic examinations for lung
      tuberculosis and later developed multiple epitheliomas of the back. For each
      group of patients, they detail the irradiation procedures, and indicate the
      interval before the subsequent tumoral development, as well as the histologic
      features. In both groups, basal cell epitheliomas prevail with any type of
      histologic pattern (mainly pagetoid, however). Fibroepithelial tumours of Pinkus
      are not more numerous in the lumbar area (on the contrary: 20 p. 100 against
      28.57 p. 100). Precancerous keratoses and Bowen-like conditions are only found in
      the second group (in fact in a single patient). The important feature is not the
      topography but the dose of irradiation. Fourteen out of 15 patients had only
      basal cell epitheliomas and fibroepithelial tumours.

PMID- 4014956
TI  - [Cutaneous prickle-cell epitheliomas and visceral cancer].
AB  - We have studied the incidence of internal malignant neoplasms on patients with
      squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This incidence has been compared to expected
      number of malignant neoplasm in that population by a precise statistical
      analysis. Two-hundred and eighty-three SCC confirmed by histology are diagnosed
      on 235 patients (159 men, 76 women). These patients have been followed between
      December 1970 and November 1982 at the specialized consultation on cutaneous
      tumors. We have examined all these patients, questioned their doctors, consulted
      their medical case history, to search an internal malignant neoplasm. Twenty
      eight patients had a malignant neoplasm: this malignant tumor has been found 11
      times before and 17 times at the same time or after SCC. These 17 malignant
      neoplasms are the only statistically interesting cases. The annual incidence of
      malignant neoplasms related to age and sex has been evaluated by consulting
      French registers. The French incidence has been compared to foreign incidences.
      This incidence enables us to calculate the expected observed numbers (12 and 5).
      The expected numbers are 9.15 for men and 2.1 for women. These numbers are not
      statistically different from observed numbers (12 and 5). The incidence of
      internal malignant neoplasms on patients with SCC is not different from the
      incidence of general population.

PMID- 4014957
TI  - [Lichen-hepatitis syndrome. General review apropos of a case].
AB  - Recently some evidence has accumulated indicating that lichen ruber planus,
      especially in its erosive variety, may be an important indicant of chronic
      cirrhogenic hepatitis, either a chronic active hepatitis or a primary biliary
      cirrhosis. Usually the cutaneous lesions precede the obvious clinical features of
      liver disease by months or years and the erosive quality of the lesions usually
      indicates the presence of hepatic cirrhosis. A case is reported herein which had
      so typical features of both lichen planus and erosivus and chronic active
      hepatitis to be regarded as representative of this association. In Italy,
      possibly due to the high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection, the lichen
      planus patients seem to have a higher probability to develop a chronic active
      hepatitis, whereas those in Great Britain and USA, for genetic reasons perhaps,
      seem to associate with primary biliary cirrhosis. The distinction of the two
      hepatic diseases is difficult in the earliest stage, but it is very important,
      because their treatments are quite different. The association lichen planus
      chronic active hepatitis appears not to be fortuitous and its possible
      pathogenetic mechanism is proposed.

PMID- 4014958
TI  - [Radical excision of giant abdominal nevi in infants. Apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - Total removal of giant naevi with a minimal residual scar is of course ideal for
      prevention of malignancy and obvious psychological reasons. One can take
      advantage of the excess of skin existing in infants to be able to perform such
      wide excisions with immediate closure. Three cases of abdominal wall excisions in
      infants are presented, one of the upper abdomen at 9 months, two of the lower
      abdomen, at 3 months and 6 months. In all cases, a wide undermining was performed
      to allow the immediate closure. For the two lower abdominal excisions,
      preservation and transposition of the umbilicus were performed, like on an
      aesthetic abdominoplasty in adults. The blood loss was minimized by infiltration
      with epinephrine and meticulous hemostasis. Healing was uneventful. The scars,
      with a one to two years follow-up, are smooth and fine, and there are no change
      of contour. Progress in pediatric anesthesiology has resulted in the fact that a
      large excision and repair in infants presents no more potential dangers than
      operation performed later. Feasibility of such early wide excisions has been
      explored in other areas of the body; however, the abdominal wall is the area of
      choice.

PMID- 4014959
TI  - [Dermatitis caused by the manchineel tree].
AB  - Contact dermatitis form Hippomane mancinella L. (manchineel) is commonly observed
      in Caribbean and Central American Coast land. Its sap from leaf exudate and from
      the fruit induce severe dermatitis that may involve oral, ocular, genital mucous
      membranes and skin, depending on the mediate or direct type of contact. Intense
      itching or burning sensation occurs within an hour and is followed by painful
      erythema, vesicles, bullae or pustulae, the latter being highly suggestive of
      mancheneel. Oropharyngeal and ocular lesions may by very severe. The brief delay
      and the burnlike appearance of the lesions suggest an orthoergic mechanism due to
      a caustic that could be similar to the substance identified in an other species
      of Euphorbiacae as phorbol esters. Traditional and native remedies are presented
      herein.

PMID- 4014960
TI  - [The multiple lentigines syndrome and elastic dystrophy].

PMID- 4014961
TI  - [Pediatric cardiology, a specialty which, like many others, is evolving].

PMID- 4014962
TI  - [Etiologic factors in congenital cardiopathies].

PMID- 4014963
TI  - [Coarctation of the aortic isthmus. Current surgical technics in children].

PMID- 4014964
TI  - [Management of aortic stenosis in children].

PMID- 4014965
TI  - [Contribution of bidimensional echography in pediatric cardiology].

PMID- 4014966
TI  - [Porcine valvular bioprostheses in children. Results in 40 patients].

PMID- 4014968
TI  - Flow measurements with magnetic resonance.

PMID- 4014967
TI  - [Scorpion poisoning in children].

PMID- 4014969
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of clots in the heart and vascular system.

PMID- 4014970
TI  - Some factors involving slice shape which affect contrast in nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR) imaging.

PMID- 4014971
TI  - Analysis of parenchymal opacification by digital angiography.

PMID- 4014972
TI  - Diagnostic and interventional procedures in the biliary tract.

PMID- 4014973
TI  - Functional imaging of blood flow.

PMID- 4014974
TI  - Digital angiographic technique for the quantitative assessment of myocardial
      perfusion.

PMID- 4014975
TI  - Angiographic evaluations on the influence of vasoactive drugs in renal vascular
      compartments.

PMID- 4014976
TI  - VIIIth congress of the European Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional
      Radiology and the VIth international postgraduate course of the European College
      of Angiography. 20-25 May 1984, Elsinore, Denmark.

PMID- 4014978
TI  - Jaundice in children--a spectrum of causes.

PMID- 4014977
TI  - Computed tomography diagnoses of eye tumors and anomalies in early childhood and
      infancy.

PMID- 4014979
TI  - Therapeutic embolization of hemangiomas and hemangioendotheliomas of the liver in
      infants. A hemodynamics study.

PMID- 4014980
TI  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of aorta and pulmonary circulation. Initial
      experience with ECG-gating.

PMID- 4014981
TI  - Cardiosynchronous MRI intensity changes of the great vessels and pulmonary
      circulation. A preliminary report.

PMID- 4014982
TI  - Cardioangiography in children with iohexol, metrizoate and ioxaglate.

PMID- 4014983
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance evaluation of fifty children with cancer.

PMID- 4014984
TI  - [Experimental study on the predation of Cionella lubrica Muller by Nesovitrea
      hammonis Strom].
AB  - The predation of C. lubrica by N. hammonis was studied under controlled
      laboratory conditions. Adult N. hammonis ate mainly prey measuring 2 to 4 mm in
      height. The predation rate was steady in spite of the increase in number of
      predators for the same number of prey. Vegetable food was indispensable to N.
      hammonis' predation. The predation was maximum at 20-25 degrees C. N. hammonis
      cannot be considered as an agent of biological control against C. lubrica owing
      to its limited predation.

PMID- 4014985
TI  - [Interference between anthelmintics and immunity in gastrointestinal strongylosis
      of sheep].
AB  - Groups of very similar sheep (breed, sex, age, hemoglobin type, family) were
      immunised against H. contortus by repeated infections. Self-cure and immune
      reactions expelled parasites but some of them still remain in the gut of animals;
      they have been eliminated by dosage of anthelmintics. Animal were challenged; a
      discrepancy exists between numbers of eggs passed in each group (immune and dosed
      animals, immune and non-dosed animals and non-immune animals); the best fitting
      estimated equation on experimental values (or on moving average points) is used
      for statistical tests. Immunity vanishes partly (or totally) when animals have
      been dosed; a residual population of worms is thought to be responsible for
      immunity because of a permanent booster.

PMID- 4014986
TI  - Study of gastro-intestinal strongylosis in a sheep flock on permanent pasture 2.
      Sheep parasitism in 1978-1979.
AB  - The epidemiological study carried out in 1977 in the Limousin region of France
      was continued for the next two years. Eighty-five lambs were slaughtered at the
      rate of five animals every weeks: sixty were slaughtered from May 1978 to March
      1979 and twenty-five from May to September 1979. Total parasite counts and
      coprological examinations were carried out. In spring the infestation of the
      lambs was early and heavy, and revealed that certain free-living stages can
      survive in low temperatures. The pattern of development of the parasites differed
      according to the year. It was concluded that control programmes based on
      theoretical patterns of evolution of the parasite will need profound study of
      climatic variations. Three species were found most frequently: Ostertagia
      circumcincta, Nematodirus spp. and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Haemonchus
      contortus, exceptionally numerous in 1977, did not return to its normal level
      until 1979. A significant correlation was demonstrated between the number of eggs
      per gram of faeces and the number of female adult parasites. Thus the usefulness
      of coprological examinations in the diagnosis of ovine digestive strongylosis was
      proven. In spite of relatively high parasitism, no significant difference was
      found over the two years between the weight gains of regularly treated and
      untreated lambs.

PMID- 4014987
TI  - [Short review on the causative agent of scrapie].

PMID- 4014988
TI  - In vitro metabolism of zeranol: evaluation of covalent binding to microsomal
      protein.
AB  - Using an in vitro system (i.e. bovine liver microsomes), the authors have studied
      the metabolism of zeranol. The oxidation of zeranol into zearalanone by NADPH
      dependent monooxygenases has been measured. The rate of metabolic activation and
      the level of covalent binding to microsomal proteins of zeranol metabolites have
      been evaluated. They were found to be very low. A possible detoxication effect of
      glutathione and glutathione-S-transferases was undetectable.

PMID- 4014989
TI  - [Control of antroduodenal motility in sheep].
AB  - The continuous but cyclic delivery of contents through the pylorus in the adult
      ruminant is regulated by the initiation of the migrating myoelectric complexes on
      the duodenal bulb. The motor responses of the pyloric antrum to the volume of
      digestive contents, the presence of lipids and ulcerogenic agents revealed that
      the inhibition of the motor antral activity, whatever its origin, resulted in a
      higher frequency of the duodenal cyclic motor events. Conversely, stimulation of
      duodenal motor activity, for example the increased frequency of migrating
      myoelectric complexes, resulted in the inhibition of the antral motor activity.
      It is suggested that the motor profile of the antroduodenal junction corresponded
      to interactions which fulfill the regulation of gastric emptying motor functions,
      with the first part of the duodenum as an extremely sensitive and rapid
      controlling mechanism.

PMID- 4014990
TI  - Naturally-occurring Tyzzer's disease (Bacillus piliformis infection) in
      commercial rabbits: a clinical and pathological study.
AB  - Tyzzer's disease has been detected in nine unrelated, commercial rabbitries.
      During the acute stage of the disease, recently weaned rabbits showed profuse
      watery diarrhoea. Mortality was between 14.2 and 41.2% during the first three
      weeks of the outbreaks. In surviving animals, there was a chronic evolution with
      depression, anorexia, loss of weight and sometimes extreme cachexia. Reproduction
      animals were less badly affected. Multifocal hepatic necrosis, focal myocardial
      necrosis, patches of mucosal necrosis in ileum, caecum and colon and marked
      caecal oedema were most prominent at autopsy. In histological sections of the
      liver, bundles of slightly Gram-negative and Giemsa-, PAS- and silver-positive
      rod-shaped bacilli were established in apparently viable hepatocytes bordering
      foci of necrosis. They were also present in myocytes around necrotic foci in the
      heart and in enterocytes and smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosae of the
      intestinal mucosa. Transmission electron microscopy showed that these organisms
      had a similar ultrastructure as Bacillus piliformis. Most antibiotics used failed
      to combat the disease. Only oxytetracycline was active.

PMID- 4014991
TI  - [Experimental paratuberculosis: biological diagnosis in calves inoculated with
      strains of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria].
AB  - During an experiment on the pathogenicity of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria
      strains for calf, the kinetics of antibody formation during infection was
      studied. The progress of cellular immunity was followed by examining delayed
      hypersensitivity using four allergens (bovine tuberculin HCSM, avian tuberculin
      HCSM, avian tuberculin PPD, and johnin PPD), and that of humoral immunity using
      complement fixation test and ELISA. Simultaneously, the elimination of bacilli in
      the faeces was examined. The excretion of bacilli, although intermittent,
      appeared to be the most demonstrative proof of infection: it could be shown at
      any stage of the disease. On the contrary, the delayed hypersensitivity using the
      avian tuberculin, and the serologic tests (the complement fixation test and
      ELISA), were positive only at defined periods of the disease: hypersensitivity
      reactions developed earlier than humoral reactions. The results obtained during
      these experiments confirmed that the mycobactin-dependent strains of "wood
      pigeon" mycobacteria caused a disease in calves similar to the disease caused by
      Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

PMID- 4014992
TI  - Uraemia in the mare: effects of seasonal variations, of energy level of the diet
      and individual differences.
AB  - Uraemia variations in the heavy breed mare were studied in different situations.
      A study with 35 mares during an entire grazing season was conducted. The mean
      uraemia varied between 48.5 and 67.5 mg/100 ml plasma, with season and type of
      grass. The highest values were found with first-cycle pasture grass. Uraemia was
      lower with winter diets: 28.6 to 36.0 mg/100 ml. A study using 15 mares fed
      isonitrogenous diets based on hay or straw, and concentrates offered two
      different levels, between two months before and 8 days after foaling, showed that
      the physiological stage had a very moderate effect on uraemia, but that it was
      higher with a low concentrate level (35.6 to 44.0 mg/100 ml plasma from one
      period to another) than with a high concentrate level (25.8 to 33.3 mg/100 ml).
      An analysis on two herds of 7 and 5 mares sampled 9 times during a whole year
      showed that the individual effect is highly significant. It could not be
      explained by age differences. These measurements have further defined some
      sources of variation other than the nitrogen concentration of the diet.

PMID- 4014993
TI  - Free and conjugated zeranol residues determined by radio-immunoassay in urine and
      plasma of calves treated with Forplix.
AB  - Anti-zeranol 7-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin was raised in rabbits. This
      antiserum was used in a radio-immunoassay of zeranol residues in urine and plasma
      of calves implanted with Forplix. The antibody was specific for zeranol but cross
      reacted with its metabolite zearalenone and the mycotoxin zearalenone. Detection
      limits in plasma and in urine were 100 pg/ml and 1 ng/ml respectively. In veal
      calves treated with zeranol containing implant, no residues were detected in
      plasma even if plasma proteins were hydrolysed with pronase before the radio
      immunoassay. Free and conjugated residues in urine were easily measured. The
      urine concentration of conjugated residues increased markedly after the 20th day
      of treatment and was still high (19 ppb) at day 40.

PMID- 4014994
TI  - Trichostrongylus colubriformis: relationship between ageing of infective larvae,
      infectivity and egg production by adult female worms.
AB  - Relationships between egg production and infectivity were studied with infective
      larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis which had been stored for up to 22 weeks
      at 24 degrees C. After different storage times, larvae were administered to lambs
      and the number of parasites which reached the adult stage was counted five weeks
      after infection. Egg production was estimated for the same batches of animals by
      performing a quantitative coproscopic examination from the third week of
      infection onwards. Infectivity was maximum and constant during the first six
      weeks of storage and then decreased regularly from the 9th week to the end of the
      experiment. However, the number of eggs produced per female worm was constant
      during the first 6 weeks then doubled and remained constant from the 9th to the
      22nd week of storage.

PMID- 4014995
TI  - Standard residue regulations for chloramphenicol in Spain.

PMID- 4014996
TI  - [Chloramphenicol in veterinary medicine. Authorization requirements for
      marketing].

PMID- 4014997
TI  - Chloramphenicol in the Dutch situation.

PMID- 4014998
TI  - [Chloramphenicol: viewpoint and regulations in Switzerland].

PMID- 4014999
TI  - The veterinary use of chloramphenicol in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 4015000
TI  - [Criteria for the use of chloramphenicol in breeding farms in Italy].

PMID- 4015001
TI  - [Mechanical prostheses or bioprostheses?].

PMID- 4015002
TI  - [Valve replacement. Criteria other than age in the choice of a prosthesis].

PMID- 4015003
TI  - [Long-term outcome of mechanical prostheses].
AB  - The insertion of mechanical valve prostheses has transformed the particularly
      severe natural history of certain valve diseases. The inherent complications of
      the valve decrease the quality of these results. Thromboembolic and haemorrhagic
      complications remain the major drawbacks of mechanical prostheses. These risks
      are reasonable for the aortic orifice, especially with well adapted anticoagulant
      treatment, but many authors prefer bioprostheses for the mitral orifice.

PMID- 4015004
TI  - [Clinical and hemodynamic evolution of Carpentier-Edwards prostheses].

PMID- 4015005
TI  - [Long-term outcome of bioprostheses].
AB  - The major advantage of cardiac bioprostheses, apart from the good haemodynamic
      performance of recent models, is that they are not thrombogenic, so that the
      patient does not have to follow a life-long anticoagulant treatment. However,
      their major disadvantage, in comparison with the mechanical prostheses, is that
      they deteriorate over time. This study defines the durability of bioprostheses
      over the first seven years and beyond seven years. During the first seven years,
      if we compare the risk of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic complications of
      anticoagulant treatment to the risks of tissue deterioration, there is a clear
      advantage in favour of the bioprostheses. However, this is only true in adults,
      as in patients under the age of 20, the bioprostheses deteriorate much more
      rapidly. Few statistics are available concerning the followup of bioprostheses
      beyond seven years. However, on the basis of these statistics, absence of
      deterioration was observed in 75% of cases at 9 years and in 65% of cases at 10
      years. These figures demonstrate that the great majority, if not all, cases of
      bioprostheses implanted at the present time will not need to be changed before 8
      to 15 years. These results justify the research currently underway in various
      centres to determine the cause of these deteriorations and to try to prevent
      them.

PMID- 4015006
TI  - [Thromboembolic accidents in patients with mechanical prostheses and
      heterografts].
AB  - 759 patients with a prosthetic valve replacement (335 mitral prostheses, 184
      aortic prostheses and 240 double or triple valve replacements) were regularly
      followed-up for a total duration of 3 715 patient years. The mean age of these
      patients was 30 years. 681 (90%) of these patients were treated by long term
      anticoagulants, which were effective in only 320 patients. 78 patients did not
      receive anticoagulant treatment. 97 patients presented a total of 129 thrombo
      embolic episodes (TEE), i.e. a frequency of 12.7 p. cent or 3.4 embolisms per 100
      patients-year. The rate of TEE was influenced by the site of the prosthesis and
      by the presence or absence of complete arrhythmia due to atrial fibrillation, but
      it was not influenced by the quality of the anticoagulant treatment. In the
      patients with a heterograft, the rate of TEE varied according to the site of the
      prosthesis. In the aortic position, the rate of TEE in our series of prostheses
      was essentially similar to that reported in series of heterografts by Davila,
      Oyer and lonescu. This rate is generally higher for the mechanical prostheses in
      the mitral position and in the case of double valve replacement. The aim of this
      study was to deduce the current operative indications in relation to the choice
      of the type of valve replacement.

PMID- 4015007
TI  - [Valve replacement in children and adolescents. Bioprosthesis or mechanical
      valve?].

PMID- 4015008
TI  - [Diagnosis of thromboses of aortic and mitral valve prostheses. Treatment by
      fibrinolytic agents].

PMID- 4015009
TI  - [Choice of a valve prosthesis in patients between 25 and 70 years of age].
AB  - In patients over the age of 70, the choice is unanimously in favour of a
      bioprosthesis. In children and adolescents, the rapid deterioration of
      bioprostheses makes them unsuitable for these patients. However, between the ages
      of 25 and 70, the situation is much more open to discussion. In the aortic
      orifice, because of the low risk of thrombo-embolism, there is a preference for a
      mechanical valve, except in the case of a young woman wishing to have a child or
      in the case of a contraindication to anticoagulants. In the mitral orifice, the
      higher incidence and the greater severity of the thrombo-embolic complications
      present an argument in favour of bioprostheses, which should be selected in the
      case of anticoagulant risks (contraindication, exposure to trauma, impossibility
      of following a female patient who wishes to become pregnant), in the case of a
      high thrombogenic risk (ectatic thrombosed left auricle or replacement of a
      thrombosed prosthesis) and, finally, the preference of the patient and the
      doctor. The bioprosthesis is unequivocally indicated in the case of tricuspid
      valve replacement.

PMID- 4015010
TI  - [Prognosis of myocardial infarction. Introduction].

PMID- 4015011
TI  - [Prognosis of the acute stage of myocardial infarction. Rhythm factors].
AB  - At the present time, it is still difficult to determine the real prognostic
      significance of cardiac arrhythmias in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
      The metabolic and electrogenic consequences of myocardial ischaemia are
      responsible for the principal mechanisms involved in the development of
      arrhythmias in the ICU: conduction disorders and/or ventricular arrhythmias.
      Based on a review of the literature, the author analyses the prognostic value of
      the principal arrhythmias: branch block, atrio-ventricular block, primary
      ventricular fibrillation and repetitive or isolated ventricular extrasystoles. A
      number of conclusions can be drawn from this study: isolated arrhythmias in the
      acute phase are a sign of metabolic and electrolyte disorders and only influence
      the immediate prognosis. The same arrhythmias, associated with anatomical damage,
      altered myocardial function or heart failure, may be the sign of severe, long
      term complications. The development of arrhythmias in the acute phase of
      infarction should not be interpreted in isolation, but together with the results
      of further investigations to test the value of the myocardium and the electrical
      instability. The patient's real risk can only be evaluated on the basis of all of
      these findings.

PMID- 4015012
TI  - [Cardiac manifestations of chronic atrophic polychondritis].
AB  - The authors present a case of chronic atrophic polychondritis with cardiovascular
      complications, consisting of aortic incompetence due to dilatation of the aortic
      ring associated with an aneurysm of the ascending aorta and a first degree atrio
      ventricular block occurring six months after the onset of the disease. The
      progression towards heart failure resulted in the replacement of the ascending
      aorta and of the aortic valve. The authors discuss the cardiovascular
      complications of this disease.

PMID- 4015013
TI  - [Evaluation of the severity of coronary disease by thallium 201 myocardial
      scintigraphy and technetium 99m isotope ventriculography. Comparison of the 2
      methods apropos of 30 cases].
AB  - The evaluation of the severity of coronary artery disease by non-invasive methods
      may involve the use of isotope techniques. The authors compared the results of
      technetium 99m cardiac functional angioscintigraphy and thallium 201 myocardial
      scintigraphy, performed at rest and on effort, in a group of 30 patients. The 30
      patients consisted of 6 normal patients (control group) and 24 patients with
      coronary artery disease (8 cases of angina; 16 infarcts, including 12 inferior
      infarcts). Coronary angiography revealed 13 cases of one vessel disease, 8 cases
      of two vessel disease and 3 cases of three vessel disease. The results of
      angioscintigraphy revealed that the technique was reliable in terms of the
      evaluation of the abnormalities of contraction (sensitivity: 96%, compared with
      the results of haemodynamics) and that the study of the ejection fractions at
      rest and on effort was particularly valuable. The ejection fractions calculated
      by the isotope method were not statistically different from the ejection
      fractions calculated by the haemodynamic method. The patients with one vessel
      disease and the normal subjects increased their ejection fraction on effort by
      about 12% (p = 0.03), in contrast with the patients with multiple vessel disease,
      who increased their ejection fraction on effort by 2% (p greater than 0.05). In
      contrast, the results of myocardial scintigraphy at rest and on effort were
      disappointing. The method was specific (100%), but in our series, its sensitivity
      was only 72% for the group of patients with coronary artery disease. In cases
      with infarction and multiple vessel disease, the zone of the infarction was
      always detected, but no other abnormalities were observed in the other
      territories.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015014
TI  - [Iatrogenic internal mammary arteriovenous fistula. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two fairly similar cases of internal mammary arterio-venous fistula were observed
      in two patients involved in serious road accidents, following which a catheter
      was inserted into the subclavian vein for the purposes of resuscitation. The
      clinical diagnosis was made in both cases on routine examination, which revealed
      a continuous right subclavian bruit with extensive radiation three years after
      the accident. There were no functional implications. Further investigations
      revealed a fistula located between the internal mammary artery and the right
      brachiocephalic venous trunk and demonstrated the haemodynamic consequences:
      normal intra-cardiac pressures, but a pulmonary blood flow which was twice that
      of the systemic blood flow. Both cases were treated by means of surgical cure via
      thoracotomy, which confirmed the nature of the arterio-venous fistula and which
      defined the relations with the phrenic nerve, which is the most exposed element.
      The results of this operation were excellent in both cases.

PMID- 4015015
TI  - [An overlooked electrocardiographic sign of acute embolic cor pulmonale:
      elevation of the ST segment in right precordial leads].
AB  - Elevation of the ST segment in the right precordial leads may be associated with
      electrocardiographic signs of acute cor pulmonale. This sign, which we have
      observed in 77 cases of moderate to severe pulmonary embolism (greater than 1.3
      per cent of cases), is a very early but transient sign of usually moderate to
      severe pulmonary embolism. In the presence of this sign, the diagnosis of
      pulmonary embolism with acute cor pulmonale should be proposed at the same time
      as more common aetiologies such as coronary insufficiency and pericardial
      disease.

PMID- 4015016
TI  - Causes of death in patients previously operated on for primary
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Out of 334 patients operated on for PHPT in the years 1956-79, 34 (10.2%) had
      died before the end of the year 1980. In the sex and age matched control material
      of 334 patients operated on at the same time for varicose veins, appendicitis or
      haemorrhoids the mortality was 21 (6.3%). The difference in mortality between
      these groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The mean age at
      death of the PHPT patients was 65 years and that of the control patients 67
      years. The PHPT patients who died differed from the whole PHPT material in higher
      mean age at operation (61 years v. 53 years), higher preoperative serum calcium
      values (3.31 mmol/l v. 3.08 mmol/l), more frequently elevated serum creatine
      preoperatively (44% v. 17%) and higher mean weight of the removed adenomas (3300
      mg v. 2000 mg). The PHPT patients who died had also more often the severe form of
      PHPT: 55% of the patients with hypercalcaemic crises and 24% of the patients with
      cystic bone changes had died, whereas the respective percentage was 4% in the
      renal stone group. Four of the PHPT patients had died of uraemia, and, in
      addition, four patients had progressive renal damage. 18 PHPT patients had died
      of cardiac disease, four patients of a cerebrovascular attack and one patient of
      other vascular disease. There were eight cardiovascular deaths in the control
      group (p less than 0.01). There were no differences in other causes of death,
      such as malignant tumours, between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015017
TI  - Fractures of the distal forearm in the Helsinki district.
AB  - The incidence and some epidemiological features of fractures of the distal
      forearm in the Finnish population are described. An annual incidence of 36.5 per
      10 000 was calculated for the population over 15 years of age. The incidence
      seems to vary within wide limits according to the season, and the patient's age
      and sex. The highest numbers were noted in women of 60-70 years of age. However,
      these marked differences in incidence are less evident in cases treated as in
      patients. The figures do not differ much from those for Oslo, but are higher than
      those for Sweden or Great Britain.

PMID- 4015018
TI  - Long term results of late reconstruction for anterior or anteromedial instability
      of the knee.
AB  - Forty-one patients who had had surgical repair for anterior or anteromedial
      instability of the knee were examined on average 3.7 years after the operation.
      Of these patients, 17 had been injured in sports activities, 11 in work
      accidents, 5 in traffic accidents and 8 during other activities. Twenty-six
      patients underwent intra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate
      ligament where the Jones procedure was used, 7 with the HeyGroves procedure, and
      2 by the Eriksson procedure. The remaining 6 patients were treated by transfer of
      the gracilis, semitendinosus tendon or fascia lata. During the operation, the
      medial collateral ligament was reefed in 4 knees and Mauck's reconstruction was
      performed on 4 knees. Medial meniscectomy was carried out in 9 patients. The
      results were evaluated using subjective, functional and objective criteria. The
      objective criteria included both clinical examination and stress radiography
      using a specially designed apparatus. Laxity of the medial collateral ligament
      and anterior drawer sign were recorded on radiographs, using the uninjured knee
      for comparison. The operation was estimated to have been successful subjectively
      (excellent or good) in 25 patients, functionally successful in 20 and objectively
      successful in 23 patients. In the personal opinion of 33 patients the knee
      improved. Meniscectomy and long follow-up time were found to cause a decrease in
      successful results. More arthritic changes appeared if meniscectomy had been
      performed. The patients returned to work within an average period of 3.7 months.
      In 7 cases the result was classified as functionally poor, and the knee required
      a subsequent operation.

PMID- 4015019
TI  - A broncho-biliary fistula probably due to exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis. A
      short review of the literature.
AB  - Broncho-biliary fistulae are generally secondary to echinococcal abscesses in the
      liver, less frequently to trauma, penetrating or not. A third group seems to
      follow biliary tract obstruction, surgical or non surgical. Congenital broncho
      biliary fistulae seem to be extremely rare. We present here a case of broncho
      biliary fistula probably secondary to an exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis.
      Liberal surgical drainage, safe closure of the diaphragm and early surgical
      intervention are mandatory and are emphasized.

PMID- 4015020
TI  - Semisurgical treatment of giant condylomata.
AB  - A semisurgical method to treat giant condylomata acuminata is described. Several
      silk ligatures are placed on the tumourous mass. Complete recovery was found to
      occur even in very extensive lesions. The procedure proved to be safe, neither
      bleeding, late scarring, nor local recurrence were observed.

PMID- 4015021
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of vaginal enterocele.
AB  - Spontaneous rupture of an enterocele is a rare complication. Only 24 cases
      including the present case have been reported in the literature. The patients
      were elderly and had had at least one vaginal operation. The patients were
      remarkably unaffected symptomatically on admission.

PMID- 4015022
TI  - Acute appendicitis as primary symptom of gastric cancer.

PMID- 4015023
TI  - Acute cholecystitis. Frequency of stones in the common duct and predictive value
      of liver function tests.
AB  - Two hundred and forty-three patients aged under 75 years with acute calculous
      cholecystitis treated by early surgery were studied with a view to investigating
      the frequency of choledocholithiasis and the predictive value of routine liver
      function tests (bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase). 7%
      had stones in the common duct, but 33% had hyperbilirubinaemia. In less than 10%
      of the latter could be hyperbilirubinaemia be attributed to common bile duct
      stones. It was concluded that the frequency of common bile duct stones in acute
      cholecystitis was low, and that patients often had signs of impaired liver
      function which was of no help in diagnosing the presence of stones in the common
      duct.

PMID- 4015024
TI  - Coffee and the heart.

PMID- 4015025
TI  - Variation of estrogen and progesterone receptor status in breast cancer.
AB  - In a series of fifty breast cancer patients two estrogen and progesterone
      receptor assays were performed. In two simultaneous assays (tissue samples taken
      at the same time) disordant results in estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor
      and double receptor status were detected in 12%, 12% and 21% of cases
      respectively. In sequential assays (tissue samples taken with an interval between
      the samples) this variation was more pronounced, 24%, 36% and 36% respectively.
      The variation in simultaneous assays was similar between two samples of the same
      primary tumour as between samples from a primary tumour and a metastasis. In
      sequential assays there was no difference in the time between assays in
      concordant and discordant samples. The variation in receptor status is said to be
      due to the heterogeneity within the primary tumour.

PMID- 4015026
TI  - Rheumatoid factor seroconversions in relation to clinical rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Two blood samples were taken with an interval of five years in a continuing
      epidemiological study of a rural population with an age range of 40-64 at the
      commencement. Paired sera from 1805 subjects were tested for rheumatoid factors
      using Waaler-Rose and latex tests. Simultaneous conversion in both tests from
      negative to positive occurred in seven cases and from positive to negative in
      eight cases, corresponding to 20% of the Waaler-Rose positives. The mean Waaler
      Rose titre in the cases converting to positive was nearly four times higher than
      in the cases converting to negative. Five subjects developed Waaler-Rose-positive
      rheumatoid arthritis after the baseline survey. In three of them, positive
      rheumatoid factor reactions were observed to precede the joint disease; in two
      others the chronological order could not be established.

PMID- 4015027
TI  - The 125I-labelled fibrinogen uptake test in elective hip surgery.
AB  - The value of the 125I-labelled fibrinogen uptake test as a screening method for
      deep vein thrombosis was estimated in 49 patients (97 extremities) undergoing
      elective hip operations. The legs were monitored preoperatively, on the 1st, 2nd
      and 4th postoperative days. Contrast venography, as a reference method, was
      performed on the 5th postoperative day. The sensitivity was 73%, specificity 85%,
      positive predictive value 63%, negative predictive value 86% and correlation
      coefficient 55%. 78% of fibrinogen uptakes appeared within the first 24 hours,
      and 6% on the 4th postoperative day. Only 1 of 3 patients with a positive
      fibrinogen uptake test in the femoral region had roentgenologic evidence of deep
      vein thrombosis. According to these results the isotope-labelled fibrinogen
      uptake test can also be utilized as a screening method in elective hip surgery.

PMID- 4015028
TI  - Orthostatic tolerance at different times of the day in physically average and
      very fit dayworkers.
AB  - We studied the relationship between the physical exercise capacity and the
      orthostatic tolerance of physically average fit and very fit dayworkers at
      different times of the day. Six male railroad workers were physically very fit
      and six were averagely fit (mean of the maximal oxygen consumption 57.4 and 34.6
      ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively. The mean age was 32 years. The orthostatic tests
      were performed with a tilt-table at 2.00, 6.00, 10.00, 14.00, 18.00, and 22.00
      hours on six different days. Orthostatic lability at night was seen in both
      groups. At 14.00 and 18.00 hours the orthostatic tolerance in average fit men was
      slightly lower than in very fit men. This difference in the orthostatic tolerance
      between the groups may be a sign of the interdependence of good exercise
      tolerance and orthostatic tolerance.

PMID- 4015029
TI  - Gastritis, duodenogastric reflux and bacteriology of the gastric remnant in
      patients operated for peptic ulcer by Billroth I operation.
AB  - Of 101 patients undergoing Billroth I gastrectomy (BI) 14 years previously, we
      were able to investigate 39. General abdominal symptoms, haematological status,
      basal (BAO) and maximal (MAO) hydrochloric acid secretion were studied before (I)
      and 1 year (II) and 14 years (III) after the operation. Stump mucosa morphology
      was investigated before the operation and 14 years afterward. Duodenogastric
      reflux with radioisotope and fasting bile reflux methods and stump bacteriology
      were studied at the last follow-up and compared with those of controls who had
      had peptic ulcer 15 years ago. Only 10% of the operated patients could be
      classified as Visick Grade III, the others being Grades I-II. At the time of the
      follow-up, mean body weight had not changed. Serum iron was better at 14 than one
      years after the operation. BAO and MAO decreased significantly after the
      operation, but these decreases did not continue during the postoperative period.
      Duodenogastric reflux was significantly greater in the gastrectomized patients
      than in the controls. Neither the progression of gastritis nor the degree of
      postoperative gastritis correlated with the reflux. Of the operated patients, 6%
      had normal stump mucosa and 80% had atrophy. From the stump we cultured colonic
      bacteria in 44% of the patients, pharyngeal flora in 71% and Candida in 56%. The
      stomach bacteriology of the controls was: 10% colonic, 35% pharyngeal flora and
      30% Candida. The general status of BI-patients remains good. Although gastritis
      progresses to atrophy and duodenogastric reflux increases, the reflux and atrophy
      do not seem to be related. In spite of increasing atrophy hydrochloric acid
      secretion continues.

PMID- 4015030
TI  - A morphological approach to the problem of the biological similarity of Jewish
      and non-Jewish populations.
AB  - The genetic kinship between various Jewish and non-Jewish groups, from the
      biochemical standpoint, has been much investigated, frequently with very
      contradictory conclusions. The present paper reports the results of two
      comparative analyses of several Jewish and non-Jewish populations as based on
      morphological measurements of adult males. The first analysis employed data on
      Jewish and non-Jewish communities from five geographic regions of the world. The
      dendrogram resulting from the cluster analysis clearly indicates that Jewish
      populations are much closer to one another than to non-Jewish neighbour groups.
      In the second analysis, 25 ethnoterritorial groups of the USSR (one Jewish and
      the rest non-Jewish) were evaluated on the basis of 27 anthropometric characters.
      The latter Jewish group was markedly separate from the other 24 ethnic groups,
      and especially distinct when only traits with high coefficients of heritability
      were employed.

PMID- 4015031
TI  - Palmar pattern reduction among the Bushmen.
AB  - Hand prints from 98 male and 57 female !Kung Bushmen, who show the characteristic
      high frequency of digital arches observed in other Bushmen samples, also show
      attenuation of dermatoglyphic patterns in the third interdigital area. There is
      an acceptable level of reproducibility between independent observers using
      Hauser's semi-quantitative scoring method for interdigital pattern reduction.
      Interdigital reduction forms are more frequent than those reported in Vienna, but
      their associations are similar, and so is the relationship of the bc count to the
      total reduction score. As the degree of reduction increases in the third
      interdigital area, mainline terminations tend to be located more radially. The
      results provide a further demonstration of the interrelatedness of dermatoglyphic
      traits.

PMID- 4015032
TI  - Effect of altitude on the physical growth of upper-class children of European
      ancestry.
AB  - The physical growth of 351 upper-socioeconomic-status children (9-20 years) of
      European ancestry residing in La Paz, Bolivia (altitude 3600 m) is described and
      compared with that of lowland children of similar background. The purpose is to
      evaluate the independent effect of continual exposure to atmospheric hypoxia
      during the period of growth and development on linear growth. The data presented
      here indicate that the effect of hypoxia on achieved stature ranges from minimal
      in males and none in females to a maximum of 3 cm in both sexes. The magnitude of
      this effect is relatively small compared to the potential effect of other factors
      which affect the growth of highland children.

PMID- 4015033
TI  - The application of new height-prediction equations (Tanner-Whitehouse mark 2) to
      a sample of Canadian boys.
AB  - The adult statures of a sample of 71 Canadian boys from the Saskatchewan
      Longitudinal Growth Study were predicted using the original TW Mark 1 and the new
      TW Mark 2 prediction equations. The subjects had a mean chronological age of
      11.59 years (SD = 0.30), a mean RUS bone age of 11.62 'years' (SD = 1.18), a mean
      height of 145.0 cm (SD = 6.98) and a mean measured adult height of 177.2 cm (SD =
      6.65). The Mark 2 equations improved the predictions over Mark 1 by an average of
      0.2-0.6 cm and slightly reduced the range of errors. No improvement in the
      prediction of boys above the 75th centile of British standards was noted but 60
      70% of boys below the 25th centile predicted better with the Mark 2 equations.
      This pattern may well be repeated in more extreme subjects. About 80% of
      individuals who predicted badly with the Mark 1 equations, i.e. with errors equal
      to or greater than 5 cm, improved their predictions when Mark 2 equations were
      used.

PMID- 4015034
TI  - Population structure and blood genetics of the Pacaas Novos Indians of Brazil.
AB  - Two communities of relatively recently contacted Brazilian Indians, the Pacaas
      Novos, have been studied in relation to several demographic parameters and 28
      genetic systems. The age and sex distribution, fertility and mortality patterns
      were not very distinct in the two populations, but they differed markedly in
      relation to the mating, migration and genetic data (six of the 19 variable loci
      showed differences higher than 10%). This was interpreted as being the
      consequence of a fission event, one of the many that may periodically occur,
      sometimes followed by fusions, in populations at this cultural level. The Pacaas
      Novos also show some distinctive features when previous genetic studies of South
      American Indians are reviewed, eight alleles of the variable 19 (LMS, R2, R0, Se,
      Hp1, Gm1,2;21, Gc1F and PGM1(1)), presenting differences varying between 12%-34%
      from the average obtained considering these earlier investigations.

PMID- 4015035
TI  - Inbreeding and fertility in a South Indian population.
AB  - Among 1913 women in Karnataka State, South India, 37.74% had married a relative
      (a consanguineous union), 60.79% were non-consanguineously married, and 1.46% did
      not know whether they had married a relative. Mean number of living offspring for
      consanguineously married women who had completed their reproduction was 3.89, and
      for the non-consanguineous 4.07. There is no significant difference in the mean
      level of fertility for the two groups measured in this way. Pre-natal mortality
      is lower (but not significantly) among consanguineously married women who have
      completed their reproduction than among the non-consanguineous group, but post
      natal mortality is significantly higher among the conceptuses of the
      consanguineously married women. Although consanguineously married women conceive
      more frequently, that is, are more fecund than the non-consanguineous women (mean
      number of conceptions being 6.61 and 6.28, respectively), the difference is not
      significant. The differential survival of the offspring results in the
      consanguineous group having slightly lower net fertility, although the difference
      is not statistically significant. The lower sterility rates of the
      consanguineously married women (3.21% of all consanguineously married women show
      primary sterility compared to 3.47% of the non-consanguineous) may be due to
      greater compatibility of uniting gametes in the consanguineous marriages. The
      data reveal that women married to a relative and having completed their
      reproduction show higher fecundity, lower pre-natal mortality, higher post-natal
      mortality, lower sterility rates, and thus no significant difference in net
      fertility to those who had not married a relative.

PMID- 4015036
TI  - Androgyny in fat patterning is associated with obesity in adolescents and young
      adults.
AB  - Recent work suggests that android or male-type obesity is characterized by fat
      cell enlargement on the trunk and upper body. This implies adult differences in
      patterns of body fat distribution may have developmental origins connected with
      differences in maturation or age of onset of obesity. To investigate this, we
      studied adolescent females (N = 455, 12 years), males (N = 527, 14 years) and
      young adults (N = 393 females and N = 413 males, 17 years) of the US Health
      Examination Survey. Five skinfolds and five maturity indicators were available.
      Individuals were classed as normal weight, overweight or obese on the basis of
      the body mass index (WT/HT2). Fat patterning was studied by principal components
      analysis of the log residual skinfold thickness at the five sites, which revealed
      trunk/extremity and upper/lower trunk fat distribution components in all sex/age
      groups studied. The means of both components were significantly (P less than
      0.05) greater in obese than in normal weight individuals indicating that obesity
      in adolescence and young adulthood consists of fat concentrated on the upper
      aspect of the trunk. The effect was independent of maturity, which was a
      significant correlate of the trunk/extremity patterning component only and in
      males only. Advanced physiological maturity is probably not a determinant of
      adult patterns of body fat distribution, but obesity which occurs in adolescence
      may be.

PMID- 4015037
TI  - Linear regressions in the calculation of lethal gene equivalents in man.
AB  - Linear regressions have been used extensively for the calculation of lethal gene
      equivalents in human populations. There are considerable theoretical and
      practical objections to the use of the method for this purpose.

PMID- 4015038
TI  - Antineoplastic activity of planar rhodium(I) complexes in mice bearing Lewis lung
      carcinoma and P388 leukemia.
AB  - The antitumor effects of three rhodium(I) complexes were evaluated using two
      transplantable tumors of the mouse: Lewis lung carcinoma and P388 lymphocytic
      leukemia. The examination of the differential effects on primary tumor growth and
      on the formation of spontaneous pulmonary metastases, in mice bearing Lewis lung
      carcinoma, indicated that the complex having qualitatively the higher solubility
      in aqueous solutions and the higher resistance to inactivation via oxidation,
      displayed the more pronounced antineoplastic activity. The antileukemic effects,
      in mice bearing P388 lymphocytic leukemia, also seemed to depend on the chemical
      characteristics of the complex used, and the previously reported trend was
      particularly evident using an acute treatment performed 24 hr after tumor
      transplantation.

PMID- 4015039
TI  - Influence of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor and of thrombocytopenia on tumor
      blood flow and tumor vascular permeability. Experimental studies in the rat.
AB  - The intratumor distribution of vascular permeability in two transplantable rat
      tumors was studied by calculating tissue-plasma ratios of two intravenously
      injected labeled albumins with an interval of five hours between albumin
      injections. The data were calculated and presented as the capillary permeability
      surface area product (PS) in multiple tumor biopsies. Furthermore, the intratumor
      distribution of blood flow was studied by the intratumor uptake of intravenously
      injected 86Rb. The same parameters were also studied in normal striated muscle.
      Prolonged administration of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, diclofenac
      sodium (Voltaren) changed significantly the tumor blood flow towards higher
      values. A similar change was observed in animals with induced thrombocytopenia.
      Tumor PS values were increased by administration of diclofenac-sodium, but not by
      induced thrombocytopenia. The intratumor distribution of plasma volume,
      calculated from tissue-plasma values of albumin injected 5 minutes before the
      animals were killed, was not significantly changed as well as blood flow, plasma
      volume and PS in normal muscle. There was no significant correlation between
      separate tumor blood flow and PS values, while such a significant correlation was
      found in normal muscle. The observations made in this study suggest that a
      release of both prostaglandins and serotonin might be included in the regulation
      of tumor blood flow and vascular permeability.

PMID- 4015040
TI  - Effects of a calcium-antagonist (flunarizine) on cancer cell movement and
      phagocytosis.
AB  - Flunarizine, a calcium-antagonist drug that binds to calmodulin, was found to
      inhibit the migration of both B16 melanoma cells and M5076 macrophage-like cancer
      cells. The migration movement, both under agarose and through a polycarbonate
      filter membrane, was impaired by the drug. In M5076 macrophage-like cells Fc
      dependent as well as Fc-independent phagocytosis were also found significantly
      reduced by flunarizine. Results are discussed in relationship with the previously
      observed effects of the drug on the growth rate of B16 melanoma cells in vitro.

PMID- 4015041
TI  - Dietary habits and eating related symptoms in out-patients following total
      gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction for carcinoma of the stomach.
AB  - Dietary habits and eating related symptoms were studied by one week recording
      method in thirteen successive out-patients attending the routine control
      following total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction for carcinoma of the
      stomach. All the patients except one had daily eating related symptoms such as
      difficulties in swallowing or/and rapid filling of the stomach, or/and
      discomfort, meteorism and pain, or/and nausea, faintness, sweating and rapid
      pulse. The number of daily meals was high (eight to fifteen) and the amounts of
      food eaten small, consisting of one sandwich, or one fruit, or one glass of milk,
      especially in those patients with most symptoms and most frequent meals. The
      daily intake of energy (7.4 +/- 2.0 and 6.8 +/- 1.5 MJ in the males and females,
      respectively) and nutrients was low, and there were no differences between the
      daily energy intakes by the patients with eight or fifteen daily meals. Thus, it
      is concluded that in the out-patients following total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y
      reconstruction for carcinoma of the stomach, the symptoms related to eating are
      common and frequent, what causes the high number of daily meals and decreases the
      quality of life of the patients. The meals of the patients are simple and the
      patients are prone to a reduced nutritional state due to the low intake of energy
      and nutrients.

PMID- 4015042
TI  - Effects of local microwave hyperthermia and 5-fluorouracil in treatment of
      experimental liver cancer.
AB  - The effect of combined treatment with local hyperthermia and i.v. infusion of 5
      fluorouracil was studied in 39 Wistar rats with a transplanted adenocarcinoma
      inoculated in the liver. Ten to 13 days later the rats were divided into three
      groups. Group A1 was subjected to local microwave hyperthermia (42 degrees C) for
      1 h. During the hyperthermia, an i.v. infusion of 5-FU (20 mg/kg body weight) was
      given. In group A2 5-FU was administered under normothermic conditions. Group A3
      received saline infusion under normothermic conditions. The mortality after
      infusion of 5-fluorouracil and hyperthermia increased during the first week after
      treatment. In group A1, a significant growth retardation of liver tumor was
      registered seven days after treatment. This effect was not superior to that of
      hyperthermia alone as previously described for the same experimental model.
      Studies of 5-FU pharmacokinetics in plasma were performed in another 20 Wistar
      rats. Ten rats were given an i.v. infusion of 5-FU during local hyperthermia,
      while the other 10 were infused under normothermic conditions. Plasma
      concentration of 5-FU was determined by isotachophoretic separation. The
      hyperthermia caused a faster decline in serum concentration of 5-FU, probably
      because of accelerated catabolism of the drug.

PMID- 4015043
TI  - Treatment of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in Saitama Cancer Center.
AB  - Forty patients with previously untreated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL)
      were treated at Saitama Cancer Center between February 1979 and November 1983.
      Their median age was 43 years (range: 14 to 68 years), 13 patients (32.5%) being
      55 years old or older. Twenty-three patients had Auer bodies. Complete remission
      was achieved in 75.0% of the patients (30/40) with the first line therapy, and in
      6 of 7 patients in the second line therapy. Thus, the overall remission rate was
      90.0%. The median duration of remission was 14 months and 39% of the patients
      showed no relapse within 3 years. The median survival for all patients was 26
      months and the actuarial 3-year survival rate was 41%. The better results in this
      series were thought to be due to intensive post-induction reinforcement therapy.

PMID- 4015044
TI  - Effects of dimethyltriazenes combined with surgery and non-specific immunotherapy
      in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma lines.
AB  - The therapeutic efficacy of the preoperative administration of DTIC and its
      benzenoid analog DM-COOK, in terms of prolongation of the life-span of mice
      bearing Lewis lung carcinoma lines with different metastatic potential, has been
      evaluated in combined experiments with surgery and postsurgical non-specific
      immunotherapy with the peptidoglycan monomer PGM. The effects of the presurgical
      selective antimetastatic treatment with the dimethyltriazenes consist of a
      statistically significant prolongation of the survival time of the treated mice.
      The activity is more pronounced, in terms of animals cured, using the tumor line
      which is endowed of a low ability to colonize the lungs. The addition of
      postsurgical immunotherapy with PGM improves the overall therapeutic efficacy of
      the combined treatment with triazenes and surgery, independently from the tumor
      line used. In general, the presurgical treatment with the benzenoid triazene DM
      COOK, causes antineoplastic effects slightly better than those observed using the
      imidazole derivative DTIC.

PMID- 4015045
TI  - Antiestrogen binding sites in human breast cancer biopsies. Measurement ligand
      specificity and affinity, and correlation to estrogen and progesterone receptors.
AB  - Specific binding sites for the antiestrogen tamoxifen (AEBStot), as measured with
      the dextran-coated charcoal technique and Scatchard analysis, were quantitated in
      43 of 44 breast cancer samples (41-2,100 fmol/mg protein). In this work, AEBStot
      has been defined as the sum of AEBSspec and estrogen receptor (ER), AEBSspec
      shows a very weak positive correlation with ER, and no correlation with
      progesterone receptor. Tamoxifen (TAM) has a lower affinity to ER compared with
      one of its main metabolites, 4-OH-TAM. This may be one reason why inhibition by
      excess estradiol on 3H-4-OH-TAM binding was better correlated with ER content in
      the same sample than if 3H-TAM was the radioactive ligand. It is therefore
      suggested that 3H-4-OH-TAM is a better choice than 3H-TAM for measuring AEBSspec
      alone. A possible role of AEBSspec for the clinical effects of TAM is discussed.

PMID- 4015046
TI  - [Congenital diverticula and valves of the anterior urethra].
AB  - Basing themselves on fourteen personal cases, the authors propose a distinction
      between two types of congenital lesions obstructing the anterior urethra--valves
      and diverticula. The main difference between the two resides in the fact that,
      while diverticula develop outside the corpus spongiosum, the prevalvular
      distension, in the case of valves, is covered by it. Valves must be treated by
      endoscopic resection, and this procedure gave good results in all three cases in
      which it was followed. A surgical approach to a valve through the walls of the
      urethra involves a risk of late severe stenosis. Diverticula have been
      successfully managed surgically in a single operation by ablation followed by
      reconstruction of the urethra. Attempts to treat them by endoscopic resection of
      the anterior border of the diverticulum were unsuccessful. Three diverticula were
      non-obstructive, and a cowperian origin was probable in two cases.

PMID- 4015047
TI  - [Monseur one-stage urethroplasty in the correction of anterior urethral
      stenoses].
AB  - Urethral dilatation, internal urethrotomy both blind and endoscopical for
      treatment of strictured male anterior urethra are neither always successful nor
      without complications. Free full thickness patch grafts of skin and island grafts
      described for one-stage urethroplasty have their specific indications and are not
      devoid of complications. Monseur in 1968 described his technique of one-stage
      urethroplasty which was used in this work in 22 cases. Their age ranged between
      18-60 years. None of them was complicated by fistulae, and their follow-up for 36
      months excluded recurrence of the stricture.

PMID- 4015048
TI  - [A non-secreting bladder paraganglioma. A case report].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 43 year old patient hospitalized for hematuria
      extending over eight years. Cystoscopy revealed an endovesical lesion which was
      resected and diagnosed as a non-secreting vesical paraganglioma. At operation,
      the cervical localization of the lesion was treated by total cystoprostatectomy.
      Starting out from this case report, the authors discuss the difficulties of
      diagnosing non-secreting vesical paragangliomas, the difficulties of assessing
      their malignancy and therefore the difficulties of treating them.

PMID- 4015049
TI  - [Thyroid metastases from a nephro-epithelioma].
AB  - The authors report a rare case of thyroid metastasis from a nephro-epithelioma,
      which appeared four years after nephrectomy, and was revealed by a Basedow-type
      goiter. It was treated by total thyroidectomy. A cervical recurrence was
      diagnosed in the course of a routine checkup and arteriography. Death occurred 22
      years after thyroidectomy and 26 years after nephrectomy. The diagnosis is often
      only made at necropsy. The slow growth of these metastases does not preclude
      extended survival after surgical excision, and requires active therapy.

PMID- 4015050
TI  - [Calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) renal lithiasis].
AB  - Pure calcium oxalate monohydrate lithiasis is rare--about 5 to 10% of total renal
      lithiases. The proportion is the same in men and women. Pure calcium oxalate
      stones are a polished dark brown color, and are very hard. They are visualized
      radiologically as regular and homogeneous. From a biological standpoint, this
      type of stone is frequently associated with normal calciuria and oxaluria. Pure
      calcium oxalate monohydrate stones rarely evolve.

PMID- 4015051
TI  - [Increase in urinary uric acid in the rat following portacaval shunt. The action
      of clofibrate].
AB  - Two successive experiments on rats confirm that a portocaval shunt leads to a
      substantial increase in uricosuria, which does not climax in the first week
      postoperatively. Clofibrate, an inductive liver enzyme, significantly reduces the
      uricosuria, but only after a certain timelag. Uricosuria, the degree of which
      varies with individual rats, leads to crystallization of uric acid, mainly in the
      form of ammonium urate, but polyuria secondary to portocaval shunt tends to
      inhibit the crystallization. A reduced water intake one day out of two
      facilitates the crystallization after a portocaval shunt.

PMID- 4015052
TI  - [Is iatrogenic vesico-renal reflux a negligible factor in the evolution of
      recurrent superficial tumors of the bladder?].
AB  - The electrocoagulation and resection of superficial tumors of the bladder leads
      to iatrogenic refluxes. The frequency of subsequent vesical recurrences may thus
      favor tumoral grafts in the upper urinary tract. Fives cases illustrate this
      risk. They were treated by ureteral resections and by one bilateral, and two
      unilateral nephroureterectomies. Should these refluxes be ignored or treated
      surgically in the event of repeated papillomatous recurrences?

PMID- 4015053
TI  - [Total prostatocystectomy followed by enterocystoplasty in the treatment of
      bladder neoplasms].
AB  - Bladder replacement enterocystoplasty in the treatment of bladder tumors provides
      the patient with maximum mictional comfort, and better protection of the kidneys
      than in the case of cutaneous urinary diversion. The remote carcinological
      results are satisfactory at over 60% nowadays at three years, against only 20%,
      seventeen years ago. The functional impact on continence is very good during the
      day but not yet satisfactory at night, but a sometimes lengthy re-education can
      help. The result on the upper urinary tract is still the delicate point in this
      technique, with the hope of an attenuation of the renal insufficiency thanks to
      the setting up of an antireflux process. However, the indications for this
      brilliant technique may be limited by the extension of the tumor and the
      fragility of the diasthesis.

PMID- 4015054
TI  - [Reabsorption of the irrigation solute during percutaneous nephrolithotomy].
AB  - The publication of several accidents, possibly due to the reabsorption of
      irrigation solutions in the course of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, prompted the
      authors to quantify the amounts of glycine (1.50 per cent glycocol) reabsorbed in
      these operations, and to determine the metabolic consequences. In a prospective
      study of twelve patients subjected to fourteen percutaneous nephrolithotomies,
      the hemodilution parameters (natremia, protidemia, hematocrit and osmolality) and
      the amino acid content of the plasma were measured preoperatively, at operation,
      and immediately postoperatively. The study indicates that there is a hemodilution
      and reabsorption of irrigation solute comparable to that observed in
      transurethral resections of the prostate. The resultant hyperglycinemia probably
      explains the significant increase in ammonemia noted in all the patients. One
      theory is that hepatocellular insufficiency may increase this ammonemia. This
      might suggest the advisability of using saline solution, at least in these
      patients (that is, of course, in the absence of electrical lithotrity).

PMID- 4015055
TI  - [Obstetrical vesicovaginal fistulas in Africa. Apropos of 57 cases].
AB  - The authors describe their experience in the surgical treatment of fifty seven
      cases of complex vesicovaginal fistulas, and advocate the plastic procedure used.

PMID- 4015056
TI  - [Duplication of the bladder by a frontal septum. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report a case of total bladder duplication by frontal septum. The
      anterior bladder was functional. The posterior bladder was non-functional, and
      drained a destroyed kidney. Analysis of the rare cases reported in the literature
      suggests that this malformation should be differentiated from other bladder
      duplications, because it may be a giant ureterocele. In conclusion, the authors
      stress the simplicity of the management, consisting of resection of the septum
      and nephrectomy of the non-functional kidney.

PMID- 4015057
TI  - [Balanopreputial hypospadias].
AB  - Magpi's technique is described. It is an excellent procedure for the cure of the
      majority of cases of coronal or just subcoronal hypospadias, but its use is
      contra-indicated in the presence of a very large meatus, a thin, transparent,
      distal urethra, or a deeply grooved glans. In these cases, other techniques are
      required.

PMID- 4015058
TI  - [Macrotetrolide antibiotics from mycelia of Streptomyces chrysomallus].
AB  - White crystalline antibiotically active substances identified as macrotetrolides
      were isolated from the mycelium of four actinomycetous strains, i.e. S.
      chrysomallus var. I, S. chrysomallus var. III, S. chrysomallus var. carotenoides
      and S. chrysomallus var. macrotetrolidi. The component composition of the
      macrotetrolide antibiotics of all four strains was identical. It was
      characterized by predominance of nonactin, a lower homologue. The composition
      ratio was the following: 69-79 per cent of nonactin, 19-29 per cent of monactin,
      1-3 per cent of dinactin and the traces of trinactin and tetranactin. The strains
      differed in the intensity of production of the macrotetrolides and the ability to
      synthesize other biologically active substances.

PMID- 4015059
TI  - [Mechanisms of bacterial inactivation as affected by cation surface-active
      substances].
AB  - The death kinetics and ultratructure of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
      exposed to alkyldimethylammonium chloride were studied. It was shown that at low
      concentrations (0.0001 per cent) the agent had a pronounced bactericidal effect,
      which was higher with respect to the gram-positive bacteria. Impairment of the
      intactness of the cytoplasmic membrane, a vitally important organoid of the
      bacterial cell, was the main factor in the mechanism of action of the cationic
      surface-active substance. Membrane structures of various configuration and
      localization not associated with the cell division were detected in the cytoplasm
      of the dead bacteria. These structures are probably the result of self-assembly
      of the membrane lipid components broken under the action of the detergent.

PMID- 4015060
TI  - [Synergistic effect of rifampicin on hepatotoxicity of isoniazid].
AB  - It was shown in experiments on male albino rats that rifampicin potentiated the
      hepatotoxicity of isoniazid. As compared to the use of isoniazid alone, its
      combination with rifampicin resulted in a higher activity of transaminases and
      alkaline phosphatases and a higher rate of inhibition of biliary secretion and
      synthesis and excretion of bile acids, bilirubin and cholesterol with bile.
      Moreover, an increase was observed in the level of lipid peroxidation products of
      the hepatocyte membranes in liver homogenates and blood, which was indicative of
      an increased intensity of lipid peroxidation. The increased hepatotoxicity of
      isoniazid was evident from a more pronounced decrease in the number of sulfhydryl
      groups accompanied by an increase in the number of disulfide ones in the liver
      and blood. The authors suggest that potentiation of isoniazid hepatotoxicity
      under the action of rifampicin was due to its inducing activity with respect to
      the microsomal oxidation enzymes.

PMID- 4015061
TI  - [Decrease of sisomicin nephrotoxicity as affected by cephalothin: pharmacokinetic
      evaluation].
AB  - The effect of cephalothin on the nephrotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of sisomicin
      was studied on Wistar rats. Sisomicin was injected intramuscularly in doses of
      12.5 and 25 mg/kg alone or in combination with cephalothin in a dose of 360 mg/kg
      once a day for 16 days. It was shown that the combined use of sisomicin and
      cephalothin resulted in less pronounced functional and morphological changes in
      the kidneys as compared to the use of sisomicin alone. The decrease in the
      nephrotoxic effect was accompanied by a decrease in the sisomicin concentration
      in the blood serum and the site of the nephrotoxic effect (the kidney cortical
      layer) and the period of the aminoglycoside half-life in the kidney cortical
      layer under the action of cephalothin. The analysis of the relation between the
      nephrotoxic effect and the concentration of sisomicin in the kidney cortical
      layer and blood serum demonstrates that the nephrotoxicity of the sisomicin
      combination with cephalothin is mainly due to a decrease in the aminoglycoside
      concentration in the zone of the nephrotoxic effect.

PMID- 4015062
TI  - [A method of quality control of 3-phenyl-5-methylisoxazole-4-carbonic acid
      chloranhydride using high performance liquid chromatography].
AB  - A method of quantitative determination of 3-phenyl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carbonyl
      chloride useful for its qualitative estimation at all stages of oxacillin
      industrial synthesis was developed. The methods is based on transformation of
      this semi-product into isopropyl ester followed by high efficiency liquid
      chromatography with the use of the "Milikhrom" chromatograph mad in the USSR. A
      variant of the typical method for determination of 3-phenyl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4
      carbonyl chloride concentration in solution is described.

PMID- 4015063
TI  - [Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ampicillin was studied in 38 patients with acute
      pyelonephritis in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy after the first
      and the last (28th-32nd) intramuscular injections of the antibiotic. The
      ampicillin levels in the blood and urine were determined with the agar diffusion
      method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated in a one-compartmental
      model by computer The ampicillin levels in the blood and urine of the patients
      did not practically differ at all the investigation periods (0.5-6 hours after
      the antibiotic administration) in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
      During the treatment, the rate of ampicillin elimination from the host increased
      and the period of half-elimination from the blood decreased. The antibiotic
      levels in the urine within 4-6 hours after the last injection were practically
      lower in the second trimester of pregnancy as compared with the second trimester.
      The therapy resulted in an increase in the antibiotic renal clearance, which
      returned to normal in the second trimester of pregnancy and remained under normal
      in the third trimester of pregnancy. The increase was due to an approximately 2
      fold acceleration of the rate of ampicillin secretion by the renal tubules. The
      total clearance of ampicillin practically increased in the second trimester of
      pregnancy and remained decreased in the third trimester of pregnancy. The
      estimation performed in accordance with the Krueger-Timmer principles on the
      basis of the characteristic features of the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin shown
      in the study provides recommendation of the following scheme for pyelonephritis
      treatment in pregnant women: 500 mg of ampicillin injected intramuscularly every
      6 hours followed by gradual decreasing of the intervals between the injections to
      4 hours as the rate of ampicillin elimination increases.

PMID- 4015064
TI  - [Effect of bile on bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics].

PMID- 4015065
TI  - Effects of apalcillin on platelet function in normal volunteers.
AB  - We investigated the effects of apalcillin on blood coagulation and platelet
      function. The drug was administered to 21 human volunteers in daily intravenous
      doses of 75, 150, and 225 mg/kg. These doses evoked abnormalities in platelet
      aggregation similar to those found with piperacillin and mezlocillin and less
      striking than those produced by carbenicillin and ticarcillin. Plasma coagulation
      as measured by prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin
      time, and fibrinogen concentration was not affected. There were consistent and
      major reductions in plasma antithrombin III activity, particularly at the two
      higher dose levels. Of 21 patients, 7 (33%) also manifested maculopapular skin
      rashes which resolved after discontinuation of the drug.

PMID- 4015066
TI  - Inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine on Candida species.
AB  - Chlorpromazine was tested for antifungal activity by using Candida albicans and
      standard assays. The MIC of chlorpromazine was 35 micrograms/ml; the minimal
      fungicidal concentration was also 35 micrograms/ml. The minimal effective
      concentration was 2.2 to 3.5 micrograms/ml (using assays based on quantitative
      cultures and growth). There was a slight positive interaction between
      chlorpromazine and amphotericin B but no interaction between chlorpromazine and
      rifampin. Chlorpromazine also inhibited C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C.
      tropicalis, and Torulopsis glabrata. We conclude that phenothiazines have direct
      anti-Candida activity and that these drugs appear to have a broad antimicrobial
      spectrum.

PMID- 4015067
TI  - Antibacterial action of colistin (polymyxin E) against Mycobacterium aurum.
AB  - Mycobacterium aurum was susceptible to the antibiotic colistin (polymyxin
      E),which had an MIC of 5 micrograms/ml and an apparent bactericidal effect at
      concentrations above 50 micrograms/ml. Treatment of actively growing cells with
      sublethal concentrations of colistin (15 micrograms/ml) resulted in synchronized
      cell division once the antibiotic was removed. Under conditions of synchronized
      cell growth, one cycle of DNA replication lasted 120 min and one cycle of cell
      division lasted about 180 min. Although the antibiotic treatment during
      synchronization experiments did not produce apparent changes in the bacterial
      envelope, it was accompanied by the accumulation of a polysaccharide-like
      substance in the bacterial cytoplasm which gradually decreased after the removal
      of antibiotic and by an increase in the number of mesosomes at 3 h after
      antibiotic removal. This step was closely linked to the doubling time of
      bacteria. Lethal concentrations of colistin of 50 and 100 micrograms/ml, which
      caused about 90 and 99% cell death, respectively, produced significant
      cytoplasmic membrane injuries, patchy appearance of the cell wall outer
      polysaccharide layer, and little cell lysis. These data indicate that the
      cytoplasmic membrane is a site of action of colistin and raise a question as to
      whether an outer bilayer exists in mycobacteria, at least functionally.

PMID- 4015068
TI  - Effect of pentobarbital anesthesia on amikacin concentrations in plasma and
      perilymph and evaluation of multiple sampling in perilymph of guinea pigs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether a multiple-sampling procedure
      could be used in guinea pigs to study the kinetics of amikacin in perilymph.
      Amikacin was infused intravenously for 6 h into conscious anesthetized guinea
      pigs, and the concentrations of the drug in plasma and perilymph were measured.
      From each anesthetized guinea pig, five to six perilymph samples were collected
      from one ear, and one sample was collected from the other ear at 6 h. The
      concentrations of amikacin in perilymph were dose proportional and increased
      slowly during the 6-h infusion. However, after 6 h of intravenous infusion, the
      concentrations of amikacin in perilymph of the multiply sampled ears were
      significantly higher than those of the singly sampled ears, indicating that the
      multiple-sampling procedure should not be used as is to study the kinetics of
      amikacin in perilymph. Amikacin concentrations in perilymph were linearly related
      to amikacin concentrations in plasma in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals, as
      had previously been observed for conscious guinea pigs. However, the slope of the
      regression line was only 0.09 for anesthetized animals compared with 0.24 for
      conscious animals. Drug concentrations in plasma were found to be threefold
      higher in anesthetized animals, whereas drug levels in perilymph were the same in
      both groups at similar dosing rates. These results indicate that the amikacin
      concentration in perilymph is not solely dependent upon its concentration in
      plasma and that other factor(s) can affect the entry of amikacin into the inner
      ear.

PMID- 4015069
TI  - In vitro activity of Sch 34343 and cefbuperazone against anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The in vitro activities of Sch 34343, a new penem antibiotic, and cefbuperazone,
      a new cephamycin antibiotic, were determined against 459 clinical anaerobic
      bacterial isolates and compared with the activities of imipenem and cefoxitin,
      respectively, by an agar dilution method. Both penems showed potent and similar
      activity against all anaerobic bacteria tested, particularly Peptococcus spp.,
      Bacteroides fragilis, and Clostridium perfringens. All organisms except a single
      strain of Fusobacterium necrogenes were inhibited by an 8 micrograms/ml
      concentration of either Sch 34343 or imipenem. Overall, gram-positive bacilli,
      particularly Lactobacillus species, Clostridium difficile, and Bifidobacterium
      and Actinomyces species, were relatively more resistant to either penem than
      other genera of anaerobic bacteria tested. Cefbuperazone demonstrated only modest
      activity against a wide spectrum of anaerobic bacteria. It had excellent and
      selective activity against B. fragilis and Bacteroides vulgatus but was highly
      inactive against Bacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron within
      the B. fragilis group. Both cephamycins showed virtually no activity against C.
      difficile and Lactobacillus spp. Although cefbuperazone was more active against
      Bifidobacterium spp., it had less activity against Fusobacterium spp.,
      Eubacterium spp., and all Bacteroides spp. other than B. fragilis and B.
      vulgatus.

PMID- 4015070
TI  - Analysis of amifloxacin in plasma and urine by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography and intravenous pharmacokinetics in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - An analytical method for the quantitation of amifloxacin, 6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-1
      (methylamino)-7-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3- quinolinecarboxylic acid, in
      plasma and urine has been developed. The method involves extraction with
      chloroform, back-extraction into 0.1 M sodium hydroxide, and subsequent analysis
      by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection. The
      precision of the assay calculated as the overall standard deviation was +/- 4.9%
      in plasma and +/- 1.1% in urine. The range of mean percent differences from the
      nominal values was used as an estimate of accuracy and was 93.6 to 103% of the
      nominal values in plasma and 95.2 to 107% of the nominal values in urine. The
      minimum quantifiable levels were 0.032 micrograms/ml in plasma and 2.7
      micrograms/ml in urine. The methods were employed in a pharmacokinetic analysis
      of amifloxacin after intravenous administration to rhesus monkeys. The decline in
      drug plasma levels was described by a biexponential process with mean rates of
      8.4 h-1 and 0.32 h-1 with corresponding half-lives of ca. 5 min and 2.2 h.
      Amifloxacin was rapidly excreted, with ca. 53% of the dose appearing in the urine
      within 48 h after medication. The mean renal clearance +/- standard deviation was
      4.4 +/- 1.0 ml X kg-1 X min-1 and is compatible with passive glomerular
      filtration in this species.

PMID- 4015071
TI  - Metabolism and disposition of amifloxacin in laboratory animals.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats received [14C]amifloxacin mesylate either orally or
      intravenously at 20 mg (base equivalent) per kg. Blood radioactivity peaked at
      0.5 h after oral administration and was equivalent to 7.54 micrograms/ml for
      males and 6.73 micrograms/ml for females. After intravenous administration to
      rats, 52.5% of the dose was recovered in the urine of males and 45.3% in the
      urine of females within 72 h. The corresponding values after oral administration
      were 50.8% for males and 37.2% for females. The remainder of the dose was
      recovered in the feces. After intravenous administration of [14C]amifloxacin
      mesylate at 10 mg (base equivalent) per kg to female rhesus monkeys, 80.3% of the
      radioactivity was excreted in the urine at 24 h. The apparent first-order
      terminal elimination half-life of intact amifloxacin in plasma was 2.3 h;
      radioactivity in plasma was eliminated more slowly. Male rats excreted 26.2% of
      the dose in the urine as amifloxacin and 17.8% as the piperazinyl-N-oxide
      derivative of amifloxacin after intravenous administration. The corresponding
      amounts for female rats were 29.0% as amifloxacin and 7.8% as the piperazinyl-N
      oxide metabolite. Similar excretion profiles were observed after oral
      administration. After intravenous administration, female monkeys excreted 54.5%
      of the dose in the urine as amifloxacin, 12.9% as the piperazinyl-N-desmethyl
      metabolite, and 5.6% as the piperazinyl-N-oxide during the first 12 h. In
      contrast, there was no evidence of the piperazinyl-N-desmethyl metabolite in
      rats.

PMID- 4015072
TI  - Relationship between rat renal accumulation of gentamicin, tobramycin, and
      netilmicin and their nephrotoxicities.
AB  - Gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin were given to rats in daily doses of
      either 5 or 20 mg/kg for 30 days to determine the renal accumulation kinetics of
      the compounds and to correlate steady-state renal parenchymal concentrations with
      nephrotoxicity. Four rats from each group were sacrificed daily and renal
      parenchymal tissue concentrations were determined microbiologically.
      Nephrotoxicity was assessed by changes in creatinine values in serum, renal
      creatinine clearances, and pathological scores. There was no indication of
      aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity in any tests performed. The following
      steady-state levels resulted: 36, 148, and 176 micrograms/g after 5 mg/kg per day
      and 148, 260, and 510 micrograms/g after 20 mg/kg per day for tobramycin,
      gentamicin, and netilmicin, respectively. We conclude that aminoglycoside
      parenchymal accumulation in rats follows this order: tobramycin less than
      gentamicin less than netilmicin. Therefore, differences in the relative
      toxicities of gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin do not correlate with the
      renal parenchymal accumulation of these agents and may be more dependent on
      intrinsic toxicity to the renal proximal tubule than to the concentration of the
      aminoglycoside in the kidney.

PMID- 4015073
TI  - Structural similarities of the staphylococcin-like peptide Pep-5 to the peptide
      antibiotic nisin.
AB  - The staphylococcin-like peptide Pep-5 was shown to be a complex mixture of
      closely related and strongly basic peptides. Five peptides were purified by high
      pressure liquid chromatography on reversed-phase and gel filtration columns and
      further characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. Four peptides have molecular weights of
      ca. 3,500, whereas one is of double size. All contain the thioether amino acid
      lanthionine and a large number of lysine residues per molecule. The amino
      terminus of the main active peptide is blocked; the carboxy-terminal end is
      formed by a lysine residue. The data obtained for Pep-5 suggest striking
      structural similarities to the peptide antibiotics nisin and subtilin.

PMID- 4015074
TI  - Mode of action of the peptide antibiotic nisin and influence on the membrane
      potential of whole cells and on cytoplasmic and artificial membrane vesicles.
AB  - The peptide antibiotic nisin was shown to cause a rapid efflux of amino acids and
      Rb+ from the cytoplasm of gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus cohnii 22,
      Bacillus subtilis W 23, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 4698, and Streptococcus zymogenes
      24). It strongly decreased the membrane potential of cells as judged by the
      distribution of the lipophilic tetraphenylphosphonium cation. Ascorbate-phenazine
      methosulfate-driven transport of L-proline by cytoplasmic membrane vesicles was
      blocked after addition of nisin, and accumulated amino acids were released from
      the vesicles. Soybean phospholipid (asolectin) vesicles were not affected by
      nisin. The data suggest that the cytoplasmic membrane is the primary target and
      that membrane disruption accounts for the bactericidal action of nisin.

PMID- 4015075
TI  - Effect of temocillin and moxalactam on platelet responsiveness and bleeding time
      in normal volunteers.
AB  - The effects of temocillin and moxalactam on platelet responsiveness and bleeding
      time were examined in healthy male volunteers. In the first study, moxalactam (4
      g intravenously every 12 h) was given to six subjects; template bleeding times
      were at least doubled in five subjects 12 to 14 h after 7 doses (P = 0.008) and
      in all six subjects 12 to 14 h after 13 doses (P = 0.004). ADP-induced primary
      aggregation was approximately halved after 7 (P = 0.026) and 13 doses (P =
      0.008), and there was a markedly increased tendency toward disaggregation.
      Collagen-induced aggregation was also halved, but the effect only reached
      statistical significance after 13 doses (P = 0.008). There was essentially no
      effect on primary aggregation in response to the thromboxane receptor agonist
      U46619 or to platelet activating factor. Temocillin (4 g intravenously every 12
      h) was given to eight subjects, three of whom had participated in the moxalactam
      study 8 weeks earlier. Temocillin had no significant effect on template bleeding
      time 12 to 14 h after 7 or 13 doses. However, in four subjects, the endpoint may
      have been less abrupt. There was no significant effect on ADP-induced primary
      aggregation or responsiveness to collagen. Even after 13 doses of temocillin,
      secondary aggregation in response to normal concentrations of ADP was
      demonstrable in the platelet-rich plasma of all eight subjects. Neither
      antibiotic had any effect on prothrombin times. Thus, with methodology that
      readily detected the effects of moxalactam on hemostasis, we were unable to
      demonstrate any unequivocal deleterious effects of temocillin at its maximum
      recommended dose. Temocillin may therefore be particularly useful for the
      treatment of many gram-negative infections in patients at increased risk of
      clinical bleeding.

PMID- 4015076
TI  - Role of the phosphoroclastic reaction of Clostridium pasteurianum in the
      reduction of metronidazole.
AB  - To demonstrate the importance of electron siphoning by the metronidazole
      reductase system from reduced ferredoxin to the mechanism of action of the drug
      in Clostridium pasteurianum, the effects of the reduction of metronidazole on the
      phosphoroclastic reaction were studied. Metronidazole concentrations between 0.5
      and 5 mM caused a significant increase in acetyl phosphate production by the
      phosphoroclastic reaction compared to the control system without metronidazole.
      When this enzymatic reaction was assayed by standard manometric techniques under
      nitrogen gas, two simultaneous effects of electron siphoning were demonstrated:
      (i) the electrons from reduced ferredoxin were initially consumed for the
      reduction of metronidazole instead of being evolved as H2 via the ferredoxin
      linked hydrogenase and (ii) phosphoroclastic activity was stimulated, with
      augmented production of CO2 and acetyl phosphate. This work further supports the
      notion of preferential scavenging of electrons away from ferredoxin-linked
      enzymatic reactions by metronidazole reductase(s) in C. pasteurianum.

PMID- 4015077
TI  - Risk factors of ventricular fibrillation during rapid amphotericin B infusion.
AB  - Amphotericin B causes reversible concentration-dependent loss of intracellular
      potassium in vitro and hyperkalemic ventricular arrhythmias in dogs. Hyperkalemic
      ventricular arrhythmias associated with amphotericin B infusion have not been
      well documented in humans. Ventricular fibrillation with progressive hyperkalemia
      (up to 8 to 8.4 meq/liter) occurred twice in an anuric patient during rapid
      infusion of high-dose amphotericin B (1.4 mg/kg over 45 min). The peak
      amphotericin B concentration in serum at the end of infusion was 6.7
      micrograms/ml. Prolonged infusion (3 h) and concurrent hemodialysis each
      prevented the development of hyperkalemia and ventricular arrhythmia. In two
      anuric patients receiving 4-h infusions of amphotericin B during dialysis (0.7
      and 1.0 mg/kg), peak amphotericin B concentrations in serum were lower, 1.6 +/-
      0.1 and 2.7 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml, respectively; serum potassium levels were
      maintained in the normal range; and venous access for outpatient therapy was
      convenient. Peak concentrations of amphotericin B in serum were also lower (1.7
      +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml) in eight patients with normal renal function who received
      lower doses (0.7 +/- 0.2 mg/kg) over 45 min; there were only slight increases in
      the serum potassium level (from 3.9 +/- 0.9 to 4.4 +/- 0.6 meq/liter, P less than
      0.05). We recommend that rapid infusion of amphotericin B not be used in patients
      with impaired potassium excretion unless accompanied by hemodialysis and careful
      potassium monitoring.

PMID- 4015078
TI  - Effects of general and local anesthesia on the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in
      patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery with
      either general (enflurane) or local (lidocaine or marcaine) anesthesia were
      studied. No differences in either mean serum levels at 30, 60, or 120 min after
      the intravenous injection of cefazolin or serum half-lives were seen between the
      two groups of patients.

PMID- 4015079
TI  - Prophylactic efficacy and tolerance of low-dose intranasal interferon-alpha 2 in
      natural respiratory viral infections.
AB  - The prophylactic activity of intranasal human interferon-alpha 2 (HuIFN-alpha 2)
      was determined in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Healthy,
      working adults self-administered sprays of HuIFN-alpha 2(1.25 X 10(6) IU; n =
      142) or placebo (n = 145) twice daily. Drug administration was stopped after 12
      days because of the frequent occurrence of nasal irritation manifested by blood
      tinged nasal mucus (44% HuIFN-alpha 2 versus 15% placebo, P less than 0.001) and
      associated nasal mucosal abnormalities. Over 80% of volunteers had participated
      in a similar field trial conducted 7 months earlier; no evidence of cumulative
      toxicity was detected. HuIFN-alpha 2 administration did not decrease the
      occurrence of illnesses associated with rhinorrhea, cough, or feverishness as
      compared to placebo, but the number of laboratory-documented respiratory viral
      infections was small (6 HuIFN-alpha 3 placebo). Intranasal HuIFN-alpha 2 1.25 X
      10(6) IU twice daily was associated with significant local intolerance.

PMID- 4015080
TI  - Self-concept measurement in mentally retarded adults: a micro-analysis of
      response styles.
AB  - The Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory
      were administered orally to 46 mentally retarded adults employed in a sheltered
      workshop. In-depth analysis of transcripts of the taped testing sessions revealed
      that the majority of the item responses were ambiguous and not readily scorable
      within the standardized procedures. Characterization of the problematic response
      patterns indicated assorted qualifications, contradictory assertions, and
      responses which had little relevance to the item content. Of those factors that
      might account for these ambiguous responses, it appears that social desirability,
      acquiescence, personal agendas, recipient design errors, and lack of item
      comprehension are among the most salient.

PMID- 4015081
TI  - A comparison of the effects of interspersal and concurrent training sequences on
      acquisition, retention, and generalization of picture names.
AB  - A comparison was made between an interspersal and a concurrent procedure in
      teaching picture names to three mentally handicapped children. During the
      interspersal procedure a picture thats name was being trained was alternated with
      pictures already known; during the concurrent procedure a picture thats name was
      being trained was alternated with other pictures thats names were unknown. An ABA
      design with counterbalancing (BAB) was used. The children learned naming
      responses more rapidly when trained by the interspersal procedure than by the
      concurrent procedure. Weekly retention tests on pictures learned to criterion
      during the week showed no consistent difference between the two procedures in
      percentage of learned picture names retained. Weekly generalization tests showed
      that picture names that were retained in both conditions tended to generalize
      equally to a different setting and tester, and to the objects depicted in the
      pictures.

PMID- 4015082
TI  - A program to increase manual signs with severely/profoundly mentally retarded
      students in natural environments.
AB  - A classroom teacher and 12 residential staff members were taught to increase the
      opportunities for manual sign use with three severely/profoundly mentally
      retarded students, to use those opportunities for asking the students to sign
      request, and, if necessary, to provide prompts. A multi-faceted package
      consisting of written instructions, modeling, video presentation, visual cueing,
      feedback, and group discussion was used in a multiple-baseline design across
      situations. During intervention, (a) the number of opportunities for sign use
      increased in both classroom situations but remained stable on the ward, (b) the
      number of signs made by the students in response to the question increased across
      each of the situations, and (c) the number of spontaneously emitted signs
      increased.

PMID- 4015083
TI  - City-wide survey of drug patterns among non-institutionalized mentally retarded
      persons.
AB  - This was a survey of 1,012 non-institutionalized mentally retarded persons living
      in a medium-sized metropolitan area. The sample was drawn from special schools
      and two service agencies in Auckland that serve preschool and adult retarded
      people. These are the main organizations serving this population in Auckland, and
      collectively they include a large proportion of non-institutionalized retarded
      individuals in this city. A comprehensive summary of current medication was
      obtained for each subject. A variety of demographic, medical, social, and sleep
      data were collected and, where appropriate, information was gathered regarding
      time elapsed since the last seizure. Two percent of preschoolers, 3% of special
      school students, and 14% of adults were receiving psychotropic drugs.
      Anticonvulsant drugs were prescribed for 31% of preschoolers, 17% of special
      school cases, and 18% of the adults. A large proportion of the demographic,
      medical, and social/sleep variables were associated with drug prescription
      patterns. These factors were discussed with respect to other surveys, and
      possible explanations were offered to account for their relationship to
      pharmacotherapy.

PMID- 4015084
TI  - Training professionals to record proceedings of interdisciplinary team
      conferences.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of an instructional
      program in preparing staff and trainees at a university affiliated facility (UAF)
      to record proceedings of interdisciplinary team conferences. Training consisted
      of a self-instructional manual supplemented by a narrated videotape of a typical
      interdisciplinary case conference. Data were collected on the extent to which
      trainees correctly completed individual educational plan work sheets based on
      conference proceedings as a function of training. Findings of both experiments
      showed that the training program resulted in rapid acquisition of skills required
      to record team proceedings.

PMID- 4015085
TI  - Inhibition by antimicrobial food additives of ochratoxin A production by
      Aspergillus sulphureus and Penicillium viridicatum.
AB  - The effects of antimicrobial food additives on growth and ochratoxin A production
      by Aspergillus sulphureus NRRL 4077 and Penicillium viridicatum NRRL 3711 were
      investigated. At pH 4.5, growth and toxin production by both A. sulphureus and P.
      viridicatum were completely inhibited by 0.02% potassium sorbate, 0.067% methyl
      paraben, 0.0667% methyl paraben, and 0.2% sodium propionate. At pH 5.5, 0.134%
      potassium sorbate and 0.067% methyl paraben completely inhibited growth and
      ochratoxin A production by both fungi. Sodium bisulfite at 0.1%, the maximum
      level tested, was found to inhibit growth of A. sulphureus and P. viridicatum by
      45 and 89%, respectively. Toxin production was inhibited by 97 and 99%,
      respectively. Sodium propionate (0.64%) at pH 5.5 inhibited growth of A.
      sulphureus and P. viridicatum by 76 and 90%, respectively. Toxin production was
      inhibited by greater than 99% for each fungus. Antimicrobial agents were ranked
      as to effectiveness by comparing the level required for complete inhibition of
      ochratoxin A production to the highest antimicrobial agent level normally used in
      food. At pH 4.5, the most effective inhibitor of growth and toxin production was
      potassium sorbate, followed by sodium propionate, methyl paraben, and sodium
      bisulfite, respectively, for both fungi. However, at pH 5.5, the most effective
      antimicrobial agents for inhibiting ochratoxin production were methyl paraben and
      potassium sorbate, followed by sodium propionate. Sodium bisulfite was not highly
      inhibitory to these toxigenic fungi at the higher pH value tested.

PMID- 4015086
TI  - Laboratory infection of chicken eggs with Campylobacter jejuni by using
      temperature or pressure differentials.
AB  - Fertile chicken eggs were infected in our laboratory with Campylobacter jejuni
      suspensions by using temperature or pressure differential methods of inoculation.
      After 2 days of incubation, over 90% of the eggs carried C. jejuni when iron was
      present in the inoculum. This percentage declined rapidly until by day 8, less
      than 10% of the eggs were detectably infected. However, up to 11% of hatched,
      healthy chicks carried C. jejuni in their intestinal tracts. The isolated
      organisms were of the same serotype as the initial inoculum. C. jejuni was
      recovered without difficulty when the intestinal tracts of chicks were enriched,
      but recovery from early dead-in-shell or infertile eggs was poor. This poor
      recovery and the rapid decline of C. jejuni after 2 days of egg incubation
      suggest that the vibrio is sensitive to some part of the incubating egg or to the
      temperature of prolonged incubation. It was impossible to predict which eggs
      would yield infected chicks on the basis of the number of organisms taken up by
      each egg, and no correlation existed between the number of organisms taken up and
      the efficiency of the hatch, i.e., the hatch ratio. If iron was omitted from the
      inoculum broth, the egg infection rate at day 2 was lower.

PMID- 4015087
TI  - Toxic effects of chlorinated and brominated alkanoic acids on Pseudomonas putida
      PP3: selection at high frequencies of mutations in genes encoding dehalogenases.
AB  - Mutant strains of Pseudomonas putida PP3 capable of utilizing monochloroacetate
      (MCA) and dichloroacetate (DCA) as the sole sources of carbon and energy were
      isolated from chemostat cultures. The mutants differed from the parent strain in
      that they could grow on products of MCA and DCA dehalogenation (catalyzed by
      inducible dehalogenases I and II) and were resistant to growth inhibition by the
      two substrates. The growth inhibition of strain PP3 by MCA, DCA, and other
      halogenated alkanoic acids was studied. Sensitivity to dehalogenase substrates
      was related to the expression of the dehalogenase genes. For example, mutants
      producing elevated levels of one or both of the dehalogenases were sensitive to 2
      monochloropropionate and 2-monochlorobutanoate at concentrations which did not
      affect the growth of strain PP3. P. putida PP1, the parent of strain PP3, was
      resistant to the inhibitory effects of MCA and DCA. Spontaneous mutants of strain
      PP3, also resistant to MCA and DCA, were selected at high frequency, and four
      different classes of these strains were distinguished on the basis of
      dehalogenase phenotype. All dehalogenase-producing mutants were inducible; no
      constitutive mutant has yet been isolated. Most of the resistant mutants examined
      did not produce one or both of the dehalogenase, and over half of those tested
      failed to revert back to the parental (strain PP3) phenotype, indicating that the
      observed mutations involved high-frequency deletion of DNA base sequences
      affecting expression of genes encoding dehalogenases and associated permease(s).

PMID- 4015088
TI  - Serotyping of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter laridis
      from domestic and wild animals.
AB  - By using 50 unabsorbed antisera, we were able to serotype 272 (65.7%) of 414
      thermotolerant campylobacters from wild and domestic animals, on the basis of
      heat-stable antigens identified by means of passive hemagglutination. Forty-two
      serotypes were recognized. The pattern of serotypes detected in the various
      animal species was compared to human clinical isolates by using the Czekanowski
      index (proportional similarity index). The highest degree of similarity to the
      clinical isolates was observed for the poultry isolates, followed by strains from
      wild birds, flies, and pigs (in order of decreasing similarity). The serotypes
      recovered most frequently from poultry (LAU 1 and LAU 2) were also most prevalent
      in Norwegian patients. In contrast, serotype LAU 35/44, the predominant porcine
      serotype, was never recovered from human clinical specimens. Flies captured in
      chicken farms and in piggeries harbored serotypes which were also commonly seen
      in chickens and pigs, respectively. Nine of the strains included in this study
      could not be ascribed to any defined species. All of these were resistant to
      nalidixic acid and did not produce H2S.

PMID- 4015089
TI  - Tatlockia micdadei (Pittsburgh pneumonia agent) growth kinetics may explain its
      infrequent isolation from water and the low prevalence of Pittsburgh pneumonia.
AB  - Sediment and indigenous microflora taken from water distribution systems has been
      shown to promote the survival of Legionella pneumophila. The effect of sediment
      and indigenous microflora on Tatlockia micdadei (Pittsburgh pneumonia agent, PPA)
      was evaluated by growth curve experiments. Symbiosis between PPA and
      environmental bacteria was demonstrated by satellitism experiments. Unlike L.
      pneumophila, the concentration of PPA remained stationary in test tube
      suspensions containing both microflora and sediment. The difference in the
      ecology between the two organisms may explain the infrequent environmental
      recovery of PPA and, ultimately, the epidemiologic differences between
      Legionnaires disease and Pittsburgh pneumonia.

PMID- 4015090
TI  - Inhibition of mitogen-induced blastogenesis in human lymphocytes by T-2 toxin and
      its metabolites.
AB  - Concentrations of T-2, HT-2, 3'-OH T-2, 3'-OH HT-2, T-2 triol, and T-2 tetraol
      toxins which inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake in mitogen-stimulated human
      peripheral lymphocytes by 50% were 1.5, 3.5, 4.0, 50, 150, and 150 ng/ml,
      respectively. The results suggested that the initial hydrolysis of T-2 toxin and
      the hydroxylation of T-2 toxin to 3'-OH T-2 toxin did not significantly decrease
      the immunotoxicity of the parent molecule, whereas further hydrolysis to T-2
      triol and T-2 tetraol toxins or hydroxylation to 3'-OH HT-2 toxin decreased in
      vitro toxicity for human lymphocytes.

PMID- 4015091
TI  - Growth of Legionella pneumophila in continuous culture.
AB  - A method was developed to grow Legionella pneumophila in continuous culture. A
      chemostat was used to simulate nutrient-limited, submaximal growth in the natural
      environmental and to provide a precisely controlled growth regimen. Cultures grew
      under forced aeration under conditions yielding up to 38% saturation of dissolved
      oxygen; supplemental CO2 (5%) at the same gas flow rates as ambient air had no
      effect on culture growth. Pleomorphism was observed during growth under all
      conditions. Pigment was produced only at D less than 0.03 h-1. Catalase was
      produced at higher growth rates but not at higher temperatures. The pathogenicity
      was unaffected by altering either the growth rate or the growth temperature.

PMID- 4015092
TI  - Substrate-induced changes in sulfhydryl reactivity of bacterial D-amino acid
      transaminase.
AB  - D-Amino acid transaminase from Bacillus sphaericus strain ATCC 14577 is a dimer
      with eight cysteinyl residues per molecule (T.S. Soper, W.M. Jones, and J.M.
      Manning (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 10,901-10,905). The reaction of the cysteinyl
      residues with a variety of sulfhydryl reagents has been explored to gain insight
      into the physical environments around these cysteinyl residues in the absence or
      the presence of substrates. The native enzyme, in the pyridoxal-P conformation,
      appears to be a symmetrical dimer, whose SH groups react in pairs with anionic
      reagents such as 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) or the halo acids. Two SH
      groups react with either reagent without altering enzymatic activity. Two
      additional SH groups react with DTNB with loss of catalytic activity. Positively
      charged reagents such as beta-bromoethylamine are much more effective in
      inactivating the pyridoxal-P conformation of the enzyme with almost five of the
      eight SH groups reacting and this results in a significant loss in catalytic
      activity. The neutral reagent dithiodipyridine is able to detect some asymmetry
      in the pyridoxal-P conformation. Upon addition of a D-amino acid substrate, the
      enzyme is transformed into the pyridoxamine-P conformation. This conformation is
      much more reactive with anionic reagents and much less reactive with cationic
      reagents, suggesting that there is a significant change in the net charge around
      one of the SH groups in the pyridoxamine-P conformation. Also, titration with
      DTNB indicates that the enzyme is a much more asymmetric dimmer in the
      pyridoxamine-P conformation than in the pyridoxal-P conformation. Thus, upon
      binding of a D-amino acid substrate, D-amino acid transaminase is transformed
      into the pyridoxamine-P conformation. This results in a significant change in the
      environment of four of the sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme. We conclude that the
      enzyme is transformed from a symmetrical dimer into an asymmetrical dimer and
      that the net charge of one of the pairs of cysteinyl groups is changed from a net
      negative charge into a net positive charge. These results suggest that there is a
      significant conformational change that occurs during the transition from the
      pyridoxal-P into the pyridoxamine-P form of this transaminase.

PMID- 4015093
TI  - Conversion of alpha-amino acids and peptides to nitriles and aldehydes by
      bromoperoxidase.
AB  - Pure bromoperoxidase from the marine alga, Penicillus capitatus, converts alpha
      amino acids and peptides to the corresponding decarboxylated nitriles and
      aldehydes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and bromide ion. Thus, both valine
      and valylvaline are converted to isobutyronitrile and isobutyraldehyde while
      alanine is converted to acetonitrile and acetaldehyde. The reaction is
      nonstereospecific and can be catalyzed by bromoperoxidases obtained from
      different sources. Bromoperoxidase catalyzes the conversion of methoxytyrosine to
      p-methoxyphenylacetonitrile. This reaction is consistent with the involvement of
      bromoperoxidase in the formation of aeroplysinin-1, a brominated aromatic nitrile
      antibiotic produced by a marine sponge.

PMID- 4015094
TI  - Influences of sulfated glycosaminoglycans on biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid in
      rabbit knee synovial membrane.
AB  - The effect of various sulfated glycosaminoglycans on glycoconjugates syntheses in
      synovial membranes of rabbit knee joints in culture was investigated by two
      different approaches. In the first approach, synovial membranes isolated from
      rabbit knee joints were cultured in the presence of sulfated glycosaminoglycans
      and [14C]glucosamine. In the second approach, solutions of sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans were injected into rabbit knee joints and synovial membranes
      isolated from the joints were cultured in the presence of [14C]glucosamine. The
      major part of [14C]glucosamine-labeled glycoconjugates associated with the
      synovial membranes and secreted into culture medium was hyaluronic acid. Of the
      natural glycosaminoglycans tested, dermatan sulfate gave the maximum stimulation
      of hyaluronic acid synthesis followed by chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate. Heparin,
      heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, keratan polysulfate, and hyaluronic acid had no
      significant effect. Of the chemically polysulfated glycosaminoglycans, GAGPS (a
      persulfated derivative of chondroitin sulfate) gave high stimulation but N
      acetylchitosan 3,6-disulfate had no effect. The effect of sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans on hyaluronic acid synthesis was the same in both experimental
      approaches. The increase in the amount of secreted hyaluronic acid in culture
      medium paralleled that in synovial membranes. The results indicate that the
      galactosamine-containing sulfated glycosaminoglycans have a specific stimulatory
      effect on hyaluronic acid synthesis. A high degree of sulfation of the molecules
      appeared to potentiate the stimulatory effect.

PMID- 4015095
TI  - Characterization and solubilization of an acyl chain elongation system in
      microsomes of leek epidermal cells.
AB  - Microsomes prepared from leek epidermal tissue readily elongate stearoyl-CoA to
      very long chain fatty acid with malonyl-CoA as the C2 unit. In the absence of
      stearoyl-CoA, but in the presence of ATP, microsomes elongate endogenous free
      fatty acids. Endogenous CoA is the source of CoA. Palmitoyl, stearoyl, and higher
      saturated acyl-CoAs are readily elongated by the microsomal system but oleoyl-CoA
      is ineffective; however, the higher monounsaturated acyl-CoAs can be elongated.
      Since the very long chain fatty acids of the leek epidermis are all saturated, it
      would appear that the reaction controlling the nature of the final acyl product
      is the inactivity of oleoyl-CoA as a substrate. There is no evidence that acyl
      carrier protein participates in the elongation reactions. Evidence is also
      presented suggesting that (a) there may be two elongation systems, one
      responsible for the conversion of stearoyl-CoA to arachidonyl-CoA and the second
      involved in the conversion of arachidonyl-CoA to very long chain fatty acids, and
      that (b) the elongation activities may be associated with a large polypeptide.

PMID- 4015097
TI  - Isolation and sequencing of an active-site peptide from spinach ferredoxin-NADP+
      oxidoreductase after affinity labeling with periodate-oxidized NADP+.
AB  - Spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase was inactivated by treatment with 2',3'
      dialdehyde NADP+ (periodate-oxidized NADP+), which selectively modifies a lysine
      residue at the nucleotide-binding domain of the enzyme. The identity of the
      derivatized residue was ascertained by thin-layer chromatography of the protein
      hydrolysate. Reductase that had been labeled with periodate-oxidized NADP+ and
      NaB3H4 was treated with trypsin, and samples of the tryptic digest were subjected
      to reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The radioactivity
      profiles showed modification of one specific peptide. The primary structure of
      this peptide was found to be Gly-Glu-Lys*-Met-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Thr-Arg, where Lys*
      represents the derivatized lysine. The sequence obtained corresponds to residues
      242-250 in the primary structure of spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase recently
      reported [Karplus et al. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 6576-6583].

PMID- 4015096
TI  - Effect of selenium deficiency on the disposition of plasma glutathione.
AB  - Selenium deficiency causes increased hepatic synthesis and release of GSH into
      the blood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of selenium
      deficiency on the disposition of plasma glutathione. Plasma glutathione
      concentration was 40 +/- 3.4 nmol GSH equivalents/ml in selenium-deficient rats
      and 17 +/- 5.4 nmol GSH equivalents/ml in control rats. The half-life and
      systemic clearance of plasma glutathione were found to be the same in selenium
      deficient and control rats (t1/2 = 3.4 +/- 0.7 min). Because selenium-deficient
      plasma glutathione concentration was twice that of control, the determination
      that selenium deficiency did not affect glutathione plasma systemic clearance
      indicated that the flux of glutathione through the plasma was doubled by selenium
      deficiency. It has been proposed that the kidney is responsible for the removal
      of a major fraction of plasma glutathione. In these studies, renal clearance
      accounted for 24% of plasma systemic glutathione clearance in controls and 44% in
      selenium-deficient rats. This indicates that a significant amount of glutathione
      is metabolized at extrarenal sites, especially in control animals. More than half
      of the increased plasma glutathione produced in selenium deficiency was removed
      by the kidney. Thus, selenium deficiency results in a doubling of cysteine
      transport in the form of glutathione from the liver to the periphery as well as a
      doubling of plasma glutathione concentration.

PMID- 4015098
TI  - Isolation, amino acid sequence, synthesis, and biological activity of some
      oligopeptides from porcine spinal cord.
AB  - Four oligopeptides, designated SCP-3, SCP-4, SCP-5, and SCP-6, have been isolated
      and purified to homogeneity from porcine spinal cord. The amino acid sequences
      have been determined as pyroGlu-Gly, pyroGlu-Gly-Gly, Met-Met-Gly, and Asp-Ala
      Gly-Ala-Gly, respectively. All of these peptides have been synthesized by
      conventional liquid-phase or solid-phase methods. The synthetic and extracted
      peptides showed identical behavior in a reverse-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography system. SCP-3 and SCP-4 exhibited some significant inhibitory
      activity on the electrical stimulation-induced contractions of longitudinal
      muscle strip of guinea pig ileum, and SCP-5 showed some stimulating effect on the
      same preparation. The physiological significance of these purified peptides is
      being investigated.

PMID- 4015099
TI  - Organization and structure of two mixed micellar phases of the
      sphingomyelin/Triton X-305 system.
AB  - Properties of mixed dispersions of sphingomyelin and the nonionic detergent,
      Triton X-305, were investigated by analytical ultracentrifugation and by
      autocorrelation spectroscopy of scattered laser light. These properties were
      compared with those of the sphingomyelin/Triton X-100 mixed micellar system
      reported previously [S. Yedgar, Y. Barenholz, and V. G. Cooper (1974) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 363, 98-111]. The substitution of the 30-unit ethylene oxide chain
      of Triton X-305 for the 10-unit chain of the Triton X-100 resulted in the
      appearance of two micellar phases at all detergent/lipid mixture ratios studied,
      whereas only a single mixed micellar phase was observed using Triton X-100.
      Despite this difference, the properties of the mixed lipid/detergent micelles
      obtained using Triton X-100 have been verified in the following respects: The
      detergent aggregation numbers in the mixed micelles are quite constant over a
      wide range of detergent molar fractions, being about 70 and 400 for the lighter
      and heavier mixed micellar phases, respectively. The detergent aggregation
      numbers are larger in the mixed micelle than in the pure detergent micelle. Very
      large sphingomyelin aggregation numbers can be accommodated within the mixed
      micelles, apparently by the critical intervention of the detergent molecules to
      produce a stable micellar structure.

PMID- 4015100
TI  - The mechanism of helical transition of proteins by organic solvents.
AB  - This paper describes a theory for the mechanism of three-state transition of
      proteins which is often observed in aqueous organic cosolvent systems, i.e., from
      the native, via intermediate to helical forms. The first transition, accompanied
      by changes in the tertiary and/or secondary structures, was explained by larger
      bindings of the organic solvent molecules to the intermediate than to the native
      state; the second transition, resulting in changes mainly in the secondary
      structure, i.e., helical transition, was explained by less hydration sites for
      the helical state. Computer simulations of the transition were carried out using
      plausible values for the number of alcohol and water binding sites of proteins as
      well as for the equilibrium constant of the transitions in the absence of
      cosolvent. A reasonable agreement with the experimental transitions was observed.
      The stronger effect of alcohols with longer alkyl chains was explained by their
      greater binding to nonpolar groups and their larger exclusion from peptide
      groups.

PMID- 4015101
TI  - Formation of benzo[a]pyrene-3,6-quinol mono- and diglucuronides in rat liver
      microsomes.
AB  - The formation of benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-3,6 quinol glucuronides in liver microsomes
      in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid and NAD(P)H appears to occur by a sequence
      of three reactions: BP-3,6-quinone----BP-3,6 hydroquinone----BP-3,6-quinol
      monoglucuronide----BP-3,6-quinol diglucuronide. This conclusion is based on the
      following results. Incubations with [14C]BP-3,6-quinone or UDP-[14C]glucuronic
      acid and analysis of the samples by TLC established the existence and identity of
      the two BP-3,6-quinol glucuronides which exhibit different fluorescence spectra.
      The nature of the monoglucuronide, i.e., a quinol and not a semiquinone
      glucuronide, was suggested by the finding that the rate of diglucuronide
      formation was the same with or without NAD(P)H provided that a sufficient amount
      of monoglucuronide had been formed prior to oxidation of the nucleotides.
      Furthermore, BP-3,6-quinol monoglucuronides can serve as substrates in the
      formation of diglucuronides. The ratio between the decrease in monoglucuronides
      and the formation of diglucuronides was found to be close to 1, suggesting that
      the conversion of the monoglucuronide of BP-3,6-quinol to the diglucuronide is
      also catalyzed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. However, great differences in the
      pattern of induction of mono- and diglucuronide formation indicate that two
      different UDP-glucuronosyltransferases are involved. The yield of BP-3,6-quinol
      glucuronides with NADH relative to NADPH and the increase in glucuronide
      formation observed in the presence of cytosolic DT-diaphorase (NAD(P)H-quinone
      oxidoreductase) are discussed with regards as to whether DT-diaphorase plays an
      important role as a BP-3,6-quinone reductase in the formation of BP-3,6-quinol
      glucuronides compared to other NAD(P)H-oxidizing flavoproteins.

PMID- 4015102
TI  - Hydrogen-tritium exchange by apoferritin and ferritin.
AB  - The out-exchange kinetics of tritium from apoferritin, ferritin of various iron
      contents, and apoferritin subunits were examined. The exchange kinetics indicated
      no detectable conformational differences in the tetracosamer with and without
      hydrous ferric oxide in the internal cavity of the molecule. The data for
      apoferritin subunits were markedly different from those for the tetracosameric
      state. The exchange kinetics for apoferritin were consistent with a rapid
      exchange of water between the internal cavity of the protein and the bulk solvent
      outside the protein shell.

PMID- 4015103
TI  - The human erythrocyte ghost: a new experimental model for studying adenosine
      transport.
AB  - Previous work on adenosine transport has always had problems with the
      interference of adenosine metabolism, due to its high metabolic rate and because
      the enzymes involved are consistently present in most tissues. A new experimental
      model for studying adenosine transport in human erythrocyte ghosts is presented
      in this work: Human erythrocyte ghosts were sealed in the presence of erythro-3(2
      hydroxynonyl)adenine and P1-P5-di(adenosine)5'-pentaphosphate, inhibitors of
      adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase, respectively. These ghosts proved to
      lack adenosine metabolism when incubated in [U-14C]adenosine at 10 microM
      concentration at lack 37 degrees C for 60 min. Ghosts were 99.4% sealed in the
      correct orientation and had constant intracellular water volume. With these
      characteristics, the erythrocyte ghost preparation has many advantages for
      studying adenosine transport without adenosine metabolism interference. Adenosine
      transport was studied following the technique of W. R. Lieb and W. D. Stein
      [(1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 373, 165-177, 178-196.] Experiments to study Zero
      trans influx and efflux, equilibrium exchange, and infinite-trans influx and
      efflux are presented. Adenosine transport did not behave linearly in any of these
      experimental procedures. Adenosine basic kinetic constants, calculated according
      to the procedure of Lieb and Stein, were R1----2 = 4.1 X 10(-4), R2----1 = 3.97 X
      10(-4), Ree = 1.94 X 10(-4), Roo = 6.08 X 10(-4), K1----2 = 125.67 microM, and K2
      ---1 = 84.36 microM. Lieb and Stein rejection criteria were used to distinguish a
      simple pore from a simple carrier. The data accumulated indicate that adenosine
      transport is carried out by a system that satisfies the criteria used for the
      simple carrier model. Asymmetric behavior was observed indicating lower affinity
      of the carrier for adenosine influx, although Vmax values for influx and efflux
      were similar.

PMID- 4015104
TI  - Chalcone synthase from cell suspension cultures of Daucus carota L.
AB  - Chalcone synthase (CHS) has been partially purified about 35-fold. Withdrawal of
      2-mercaptoethanol after precipitation with ammonium sulfate led to higher
      stability during further purification steps. In order to determine CHS activity,
      two procedures [according to Schroder et al. (1979) Plant Sci. Lett. 14, 281-286]
      were applied. The radioactivity extracted with ethyl acetate from the assay
      mixture (total products) was compared to 14C-labeled flavanone purified by TLC.
      The activity of CHS increased with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or 2
      mercaptoethanol in the assay. Both effects were synergistic, but BSA did not
      promote "side products" as 2-mercaptoethanol did. BSA (10 mg ml-1) and 2
      mercaptoethanol (1.4 mM) were components of the standard assay. Under these
      conditions, the CHS from Daucus carota had different pH optima for naringenin
      formation (7.9) and eriodictyol formation (6.8). The apparent Km values were 0.6
      microM for 4-coumaroyl-CoA (pH 7.9), 7.7 microM for caffeoyl-CoA (pH 6.8), and
      3.0 microM for malonyl-CoA (pH 7.9). Substrate inhibition was observed with 4
      coumaroyl-CoA (greater than 10 microM) and malonyl-CoA (greater than 50 microM).
      The inhibitory activity of various flavonoids and related compounds (100 microM)
      was investigated. Naringenin and naringenin-chalcone inhibited eriodictyol
      formation totally and naringenin formation by 50%. In contrast, eriodictyol and
      eriodictyol-chalcone inhibited only eriodictyol formation by 40%. It was shown
      that the inhibition with naringenin was fully uncompetitive. These in vitro data
      support the view that the true substrate of CHS in D. carota is 4-coumaroyl-CoA.

PMID- 4015105
TI  - Heterogeneity of solubilized muscarinic cholinergic receptors: binding and
      hydrodynamic properties.
AB  - Previous studies have described the conversion, after detergent solubilization,
      of the multiple populations of membrane-bound muscarinic agonist binding sites to
      a population of uniform affinity. This paper describes the solubilization of at
      least two receptor species, distinct in their agonist binding characteristics,
      which are capable of interconversion by transition metal ions. This finding
      enabled a more detailed examination of the molecular properties and regional
      differences of brain muscarinic receptors than was previously possible.
      Muscarinic receptors (mAChR) obtained from the rat cerebral cortex or medulla
      pons were solubilized using digitonin or the zwitterion detergent, 3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (Chaps). The equilibrium
      binding of the antagonist [3H]-4-N-methylpiperidyl benzilate ([3H]4NMPB) to
      detergent-solubilized receptors resembled binding to neural membranes and
      exhibited subnanomolar affinity, saturability, and simple mass action kinetics.
      Agonist binding to soluble preparations was measured by competition of [3H]4NMPB
      binding sites. Saturation isotherms for agonist binding to digitonin- and Chaps
      solubilized mAChR obtained from various brain regions appear flattened and have
      Hill coefficients in the range 0.52-0.78. Computerized modelling techniques
      indicate that the best fit to the experimental data is provided by a model
      specifying two soluble muscarinic agonist binding sites with differing
      dissociation constants, KH and KL, respectively. Solubilization of cerebral
      cortex membranes with Chaps or digitonin resulted in a population with a
      composition of high- and low-affinity sites similar to that found in the membrane
      bound state. In contrast, solubilization of the medulla pons resulted in an
      approximately 40% loss of high-affinity sites. Solubilized receptors retained the
      sensitivity to transition metals ions, but were insensitive to guanine
      nucleotides. Density gradient centrifugation indicated that Chaps-solubilized
      mAChR are composed of two molecular forms with S20,W equal to 9.9 S and 14.9 S.
      The 14.9 S species comprises approximately 30% of the total binding activity in
      the cortex and approximately 40% in the medulla. We identify the 14.9 S species
      as being associated with a guanylnucleotide binding protein because treatment of
      medulla membranes with guanylylimidodiphosphate prior to solubilization results
      in disappearance of 14.9 S with 9.9 S unchanged. Sedimentation of cortical mAChR
      in the presence of Cu+2 leads to an increase in 14.9 S to almost 50% of the total
      binding activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4015106
TI  - Sites of interaction of calmodulin with trifluoperazine and glucagon.
AB  - The combination of glucagon with calmodulin alters the microenvironment of Tyr
      99, but not Tyr-138, and is blocked by the binding of trifluoperazine by
      calmodulin. Trp-25 of glucagon is probably involved in the zone of interaction,
      which may also overlap one or more strong binding sites for trifluoperazine. From
      energy transfer measurements, one strong binding site for trifluoperazine
      probably involves the N-terminal region of binding domain III. Energy transfer
      and other evidence suggest that the zone of contact with glucagon involves the N
      terminal region of binding domain III.

PMID- 4015107
TI  - Kinetics of kidney mitochondrial 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1 alpha-hydroxylase in
      vitamin D-repleted weanling guinea pigs.
AB  - Kinetics of vitamin D-repleted guinea pig kidney mitochondrial 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol-1 alpha-hydroxylase were studied. Omission of malate,
      source of mitochondrial reducing equivalents, abolished the 1 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity as well as the degradation of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
      [1,25(OH)2D3], indicating that both functions shared elements of a common
      pathway. Preincubation of the mitochondrial preparation in presence of 10 nM
      1,25(OH)2D3 for 15 min protected the labeled 1,25(OH)2D3 from degradation. Under
      these conditions an apparent Km of 605 nM and a Vmax of 40 pmol/30 min/mg
      mitochondrial protein were observed. These data show that this particular
      mammalian model may be used to study the modulation of mammalian 1 alpha
      hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 4015108
TI  - Determination of equilibrium constants for a sequential model of dioxygen binding
      by hemoglobin-inositol hexaphosphate complexes: the structural pathway from deoxy
      to oxy-hemoglobin.
AB  - The affinity of human hemoglobin (Hb4) for dioxygen was determined in 0.050 M
      bistris, 0.005 M inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) at pH 7.0 and 20.0 degrees C.
      Binding of dioxygen by Hb4 was determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis of
      the absorption spectrum in the region from 460 to 620 nm. The absorption spectrum
      of samples at intermediate values of fractional saturation (F) could not be
      resolved into components of Hb4 and (HbO2)4 without generating a residual
      spectrum, the amplitude of which was greatest at F from 0.4 to 0.5 and least at
      values of F of 0 and 1. An equation of state for dioxygen binding by the Hb4-IHP
      complex was formulated and tested by its ability to predict (i) the equilibrium
      binding curve and (ii) the variation in amplitude of the residual spectrum with
      F. The equilibrium binding data was fitted to the following equation of state:
      (Formula: see text) where K1 is the equilibrium constant for binding of dioxygen
      to an alpha chain of the Hb4-IHP complex, K2 is the constant for the second alpha
      chain, K3 is the equilibrium constant for the large-scale conformational change,
      K4 is the equilibrium constant for binding of oxygen by both beta chains, and (L)
      is the ligand concentration. The best-fitting values were as follows: K1, 0.03497
      mm Hg-1; K2, 0.01368 mm Hg-1; K3, 2.44; K4, 0.0008867 mm Hg-2. The residual
      spectra were attributed to differential loading of dioxygen by the alpha and beta
      chains. Equations of state for F of each chain are presented, and the amplitude
      of the residual spectra was shown to be accurately predicted by the differences
      in F of each chain when subjected to the constraint that the best-fitting values
      of K1-K4 be used in predicting saturation of each chain with dioxygen.

PMID- 4015109
TI  - Biosynthesis of a chlorophyllide b-like pigment in phenanthroline-treated
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii y-1.
AB  - Incubation of degreened Chlamydomonas reinhardtii y-1 cells in the dark with m
      phenanthroline induced de novo synthesis of a chlorophyllide b-like pigment. The
      rate of synthesis of this pigment in the dark was greater than that of total
      chlorophyll in illuminated cells. Most of the newly synthesized pigment was
      excreted into the culture medium. The product was extracted from the medium as
      the metal-free pheophorbide, which had a fluorescence excitation maximum at 428
      +/- 1 nm and an emission maximum at 657 +/- 1 nm (E428F657) in ethyl acetate
      (E427F657 in diethyl ether). Three pheophorbide species were extracted from the
      medium of green cells treated in the dark, a minor component with a spectrum
      (E410F670) identical to demetallated chlorophyll a, and two major species with
      spectral values of E428F657 and E433F657. The latter, predominant form had a
      spectrum identical to demetallated chlorophyll b, which was purified from the
      algal cells. E428F657 and E433F657 reacted with hydroxylamine and Girard's T
      reagent, which caused a shift in the fluorescence emission maximum to 668 nm.
      Pheophytin b, which contains an aldehyde group, exhibited an identical spectral
      shift when treated in the same way, but pheophytin a or porphyrin biosynthetic
      intermediates did not. Proton NMR analysis of the E428F657 chlorin produced by
      yellow cells treated with m-phenanthroline confirmed the presence of an aldehydic
      proton. Chelating and nonchelating phenanthroline analogs equally stimulated
      synthesis of this product.

PMID- 4015111
TI  - Formation of single-stranded regions in the course of digestion of DNA with
      DNAase II and micrococcal nuclease.
AB  - In the course of digestion of DNA with DNAase II or micrococcal nuclease,
      considerable amounts of single-stranded (ss) regions are formed, as determined by
      a second digestion with ss-specific nucleases, hyperchromicity measurements, and
      electron microscopy. Most of the ss stretches are located internally in the DNA
      molecules. The effect appears to be related to regions of decreased stability
      arising around single-stranded cuts in the double helix.

PMID- 4015110
TI  - Decreased mitochondrial creatine kinase activity in dystrophic chicken breast
      muscle alters creatine-linked respiratory coupling.
AB  - Dystrophic chicken breast muscle mitochondria contain significantly less
      mitochondrial creatine kinase than normal breast muscle mitochondria. Breast
      muscle mitochondria from normal 16- to 40-day-old chickens contain approximately
      80 units of mitochondrial creatine kinase per unit of succinate:INT (p
      iodonitrotetrazolium violet) reductase, a mitochondrial marker, while dystrophic
      chicken breast muscle mitochondria contain 36-44 units. Normal chicken heart
      muscle mitochondria contain about 10% of the mitochondrial creatine kinase per
      unit of succinate:INT reductase as normal breast muscle mitochondria. The levels
      in heart muscle mitochondria from dystrophic chickens are not affected
      significantly. Evidence is presented which shows that the reduced level of
      mitochondrial creatine kinase in dystrophic breast muscle mitochondria is
      responsible for an altered creatine linked respiration. First, both normal and
      dystrophic breast muscle mitochondria respire with the same state 3 and state 4
      respiration. Second, the post-ADP state 4 rate of respiration of normal breast
      muscle mitochondria in the presence of 20 mM creatine continues at the state 3
      rate. However, the state 4 rate of dystrophic breast muscle mitochondria and
      mitochondria from other muscle types with a low level of mitochondrial creatine
      kinase, such as heart muscle and 5-day-old chicken breast muscle, is slower than
      the state 3 rate. Third, dystrophic breast mitochondria synthesize ATP at the
      same rate as normal breast muscle mitochondria but rates of creatine phosphate
      synthesis in 20-50 mM Pi are reduced significantly. Finally, increasing
      concentrations of Pi displace mitochondrial creatine kinase from mitoplasts of
      normal and dystrophic breast muscle mitochondria with the same apparent KD,
      indicating that the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane and the
      mitochondrial creatine kinase from dystrophic muscle are not altered.

PMID- 4015112
TI  - The effect of sexual hormones on the sulfated glycosaminoglycan pattern of male
      genital accessory organs.
AB  - The absolute and relative amounts of glycosaminoglycans and [35S]sulfate uptake
      were investigated in several tissues of male guinea pigs and rats under different
      sexual hormonal conditions (castration, estrogen treatment, or both). The
      hormonal effects, regarding the pattern of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, were
      specifically observed in the target organs (vas deferens and seminal vesicles) of
      both animals. Castration, in both species, decreases the amount of heparan
      sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, while diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment causes
      different effects on rat and guinea pig target organs. In rats the effect of
      estrogen administration and surgical castration was essentially the same, and in
      guinea pigs DES increased the content of dermatan sulfate and chondroitin
      sulfate. The modifications in the specific patterns of the sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans suggest that these compounds are under sexual hormonal control
      only in the target organs, and show a specific pattern of distribution according
      to the tissue layer.

PMID- 4015113
TI  - Alterations in the physical state and composition of brush border membrane lipids
      of rat enterocytes during differentiation.
AB  - The physical state of the membrane lipid of brush border membranes, prepared from
      rat small intestinal villus and crypt cells, was examined by steady-state
      fluorescence polarization using three lipid-soluble fluorophors. Membranes
      prepared from crypt cells were found to possess a higher lipid fluidity than
      those of villus cells with each probe. Analysis of the composition of these
      membranes revealed that those from crypt cells had lower ratios of
      cholesterol/phospholipid (mol/mol), protein/lipid (w/w), and saturated fatty acyl
      chains/unsaturated chains (w/w). Alterations in the levels of stearic (18:0) and
      oleic (18:1) acids were responsible for differences in the latter ratio. The
      results, therefore, demonstrate that alterations in the lipid composition and
      fluidity of brush border membranes of enterocytes occur during the process of
      differentiation.

PMID- 4015114
TI  - The inhibition of plant mitochondrial respiration by the synthetic analog of
      ubiquinone, 5-n-undecyl-6-hydroxy-4,7-dioxobenzothiazole (UHDBT).
AB  - The quinone analog, 5-n-undecyl-6-hydroxy-4,7-dioxobenzothiazole (UHDBT), has
      been shown to inhibit cyanide-sensitive and cyanide-insensitive respiration in
      higher plant mitochondria. The inhibition is dependent upon the concentration of
      mitochondrial protein. The low concentrations of UHDBT required to inhibit the
      cyanide-sensitive pathway (microM) and the cyanide-insensitive pathway (nM)
      indicate that UHDBT is acting as a tight-binding inhibitor of ubiquinol
      oxidation. Inhibition of both pathways was dependent upon pH. It is shown that
      UHDBT appears to be a less potent inhibitor of cyanide-sensitive NADH oxidation
      than of cyanide-sensitive succinate oxidation, and that the pH dependence of
      inhibition of these two pathways differs. The inhibition of NADH and succinate
      oxidation by the cyanide-insensitive pathway shows similar pH dependences
      although at a given pH NADH oxidation is more susceptible to inhibition than
      succinate oxidation.

PMID- 4015115
TI  - [Diagnostic imagings of mediastinal mass].
AB  - Conventional postero anterior and lateral chest radiographs constitute the first
      examination of the mediastinum. A well-penetrating radiograph of 130KV or more is
      needed to optimally, demonstrate the lung-mediastinal borders as well as air
      containing structures in the central thorax. Many mediastinal lesions that are
      obscure on conventional films are clearly demonstrated by CT, which clearly
      separates structures in the axial plane. The extent and localization of tumor can
      be more easily determined by CT than by other techniques. Conventional chest
      tomography has been popular in the past, but with the advent of CT scanning, this
      procedure has little in evaluating a mediastinal mass if CT is available. Nuclear
      scan using gallium 67 is fairly accurate in identifying inflammatory lesions and
      malignant tumors, but with the advent of CT such studies have little if any use
      in the mediastinum. The list of CT indications conforms somewhat to the report
      published by the Society of Computed Body Tomography, with some modifications. CT
      examination of the mediastinum has become one of the most useful complementary
      modalities in the diagnostic field and often not only is it complementary, but it
      may be an alternative to other X-ray studies, isotope scanning, or
      mediastinoscopy.

PMID- 4015116
TI  - [Treatment of mediastinal tumor].
AB  - Mediastinal tumors show many kinds of histology. Surgery is indicated in almost
      all cases with the exception of malignant lymphomas. This review is divided into
      3 parts, Surgical procedures: Some available approaches and special techniques
      for each tumor are described. Radiotherapy: thymoma, malignant lymphoma,
      neuroblastoma, and seminoma are indicated for radiotherapy. Chemotherapy:
      malignant lymphoma, neuroblastoma, germ cell tumors, and thymoma are indicated
      for chemotherapy.

PMID- 4015117
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of thymoma].
AB  - In the postoperative diagnosis of thymoma, the most important problem over the
      last 30 years has been whether the condition is benign or malignant. In this
      paper, we discussed the diagnosis of thymoma malignancy and its therapy based on
      our own experiences. All thymomas have the potential to be malignant. Some
      thymomas have low malignancy and others high malignancy. As the malignancy is
      therefore not uniform, it is impossible to divide thymomas into either benign or
      malignant categories. Masaoka, one of the present authors, introduced the concept
      of clinical stage to thymoma. We think that the difference between invasive and
      noninvasive thymomas is due to differences in the clinical stage. We also
      proposed a new classification of thymomas based on the degree of epithelial
      differentiation. This new classification reflects the malignancy of the thymoma.
      Both the clinical stage classification and the classification based on epithelial
      differentiation showed good correlations with the prognosis of thymoma can be
      surmised by an exact diagnosis based on these two new classifications. The most
      important point concerning the therapy of thymoma is radical resection of the
      tumor. However, reduction surgery can be the method of second choice, especially
      in myasthenic thymoma, because of its slow growth. We carried out irradiation in
      all patients with thymoma postoperatively, resulting in a low rate of recurrence
      of the thymoma. This indicates the effectiveness of radiation therapy for this
      condition.

PMID- 4015118
TI  - [Classification and pathology of mediastinal tumors].
AB  - The mediastinum is a longitudinal septum between the right and left pleural
      cavities which contains various organs and tissues. A variety of tumor and tumor
      like lesions develop in this region. There have been various disputes in the past
      regarding the histogenesis of thymomas, thymic carcinoids, germ cell tumors, and
      lymphocytic tumors, and these tumors and their associated disorders, including
      myasthenia gravis, have attracted the interest of surgeons, physicians,
      radiologists and pathologists. A general description of the classification and
      pathology of these interesting tumors has been given as an introduction to this
      special edition, "Diagnostics and Therapy of Mediastinal Tumors".

PMID- 4015119
TI  - [Shared antigens between BCG and tumor cells--immunotherapy with BCG for mouse
      tumor].
AB  - Cytotoxic activity of anti-BCG rabbit serum (A-BCG) and the antigenic
      relationship between BCG and tumor cells were studies. A-BCG showed high
      cytotoxic activity against line 10 tumor cells of guinea pig Strain 2 and Colon
      26 tumor cells of BALB/c mouse but not to cells of human bladder cancer (HT 1197,
      HT 1376). Cell-killing activity of A-BCG against line 10 and Colon 26 was
      dependent on complement participation. It was also found that Colon 26 cells were
      heterogenous in their susceptibility to the killing activity of A-BCG. Antigenic
      studies between BCG and tumor cells were undertaken using on indirect
      immunofluorescence method and it was found that all tumor cells used in the
      experiment shared common antigens with BCG. In immunotherapy with BCG for Colon
      26 tumors, BCG worked effectively for suppressing tumor growth. However,
      enhancement of tumor growth in some of the BCG-treated mice was observed.

PMID- 4015120
TI  - [Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in patients with relapsed and refractory acute
      leukemia].
AB  - Mitoxantrone, a new anthracenedione, was administered to twenty-five evaluable
      patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia between January 1982 and
      September 1984. Two patients were not evaluable because of early death. There
      were 18 males and 7 females with a median age of 42 yrs (range 6-70 yrs). Four of
      these were less than 14 yrs and 6 more than 55 yrs. The initial dose employed was
      3 mg/m2/day X 5 days. Eventually a starting dose of 10 mg/m2 X 5 days was used.
      Among 16 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, there was one complete and
      3 partial remissions. One of 4 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia achieved
      a complete remission. Also, a complete remission was obtained in a patient with T
      cell lymphoma/leukemia. The overall remission rate was 24% with a complete
      remission rate of 12%. Remissions occurred at doses of more than 6 mg/m2/day X 5
      days. Four of the 6 patients who had attained a remission received one of the
      anthracyclines. Bone marrow depression was the dose-limiting factor. Mucositis
      occurred in 6 patients to whom higher doses were administered. This mucositis was
      thought to be due to drug-related toxicity. The trials were too short to evaluate
      possible cardiac toxicity. These data indicate that mitoxantrone is a promising
      single drug for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute leukemia.

PMID- 4015121
TI  - [Synergistic activation of rat alveolar macrophages by cepharanthine and OK-432].
AB  - We studied the synergistic activation of rat alveolar macrophages (AM) by
      cepharanthine (Ceph.) and OK-432. Rat AM could be rendered much more tumoricidal
      against Walker-256 tumors in vitro after the i.v. injection of ceph. (5 mg/Kg)
      and OK-432 (5 KE/rat) thao of ceph. or OK-432 only. Radioactivity of 14C-acetate
      OK-432 trapped in murine lung after the i.v. injection of mixed of ceph. was much
      higher than of 14C-acetate-OK-432 only. Rat AM could be rendered tumoricidal by
      incubation in vitro with OK-432, but not with ceph. This finding suggests that if
      OK-432 is injected intravenously with mixed of with ceph., of OK-432 is trapped
      much more up by the lung without mixture, therefore AM can be much more
      tumoricidal. Intravenous administration of OK-432 with ceph. may be useful for
      reduction of lung metastasis by tumoricidal AM.

PMID- 4015122
TI  - [Phase II study of etoposide (VP-16) in the form of oral capsules for malignant
      lymphomas].
AB  - Twenty-five patients with malignant lymphomas were treated with etoposide oral
      capsule 200mg/day for 5 days, repeated 3-4-weekly. Twenty-one cases were
      evaluable. CR was achieved in four cases (19.0%) and PR in six cases (28.6%). The
      most serious adverse effect of the drug was leukopenia. In one patient (6.7%) the
      leukocyte count was lower than 1,000/mm3. Gastrointestinal toxicities such as
      anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea occurred in about 66.7% of patients but
      were not serious; alopecia was observed in 65.2%. In conclusion, etoposide is
      considered effective for malignant lymphomas.

PMID- 4015124
TI  - Panniculitis in infants.

PMID- 4015125
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4015123
TI  - [Clinician-oriented and cytology-oriented autopsy, Part I. Respiratory system].
AB  - The autopsy is performed with multiple purposes. It is felt that the first
      purpose of the autopsy is a service for clinicians. Dissection technic should be
      determined to present the best clinical pathological correlation of the lesions.
      Touch preparation (imprint) from the organs is most useful to establish initial
      pathological diagnoses during autopsy examination. This provides not only
      oncologic data (identification of tumors), but also the presence of infectious
      complications such as opportunistic organisms. Multiple photographs illustrate
      both the gross pathological lesions and infections, demonstrated by the imprints
      of the respiratory system.

PMID- 4015126
TI  - Histologic artifact due to Madajet.

PMID- 4015127
TI  - Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells' syndrome)

PMID- 4015128
TI  - Estrogen and progesterone receptors are not increased in generalized essential
      telangiectasia.

PMID- 4015129
TI  - Cutaneous horn arising in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 4015130
TI  - Conjunctivitis.

PMID- 4015131
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis and amiodarone treatment.

PMID- 4015132
TI  - IgE antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus. Prevalence in patients with atopic
      dermatitis.
AB  - We determined the prevalence of IgE antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus by
      optimized immunoradiometric assay methods in serum specimens from 69 patients
      with atopic dermatitis. All patients had positive aerobic cultures for S aureus
      from skin. Significant binding attributable to IgE antibodies was noted in three
      of 25 patients with atopic dermatitis and superimposed impetiginization or
      pustules, but antibodies were not detected in the remaining 44 patients whose
      lesions were colonized with S aureus. By comparison, IgE antibodies to S aureus
      were uniformly present in high titer in serum samples from patients with the
      hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. We conclude that most patients with atopic
      dermatitis do not have detectable levels of IgE antibodies to S aureus.

PMID- 4015133
TI  - Etretinate therapy for psoriasis. Reduction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - We monitored the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes from 14 patients with psoriasis before and during
      etretinate therapy. Neutrophils obtained from the patients with psoriasis at
      pretherapy demonstrated significantly greater cytotoxic activity than control
      cells. After four weeks of etretinate therapy, the cytotoxicity of neutrophils
      from the psoriatic patients decreased significantly and was no longer
      significantly different from the control value (at a 1:1 effector-to-target
      ratio). The decline in neutrophil cytotoxicity preceded significant clearing of
      our patients' psoriasis. The reduction in the antibody-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with psoriasis occurs
      early during therapy and may represent one of the mechanisms of action of
      etretinate.

PMID- 4015134
TI  - Familial multiple trichodiscomas. A clinicopathologic study.
AB  - Three patients had hereditary multiple trichodiscomas of early onset and dominant
      inheritance. This report is an analysis of the histologic, histochemical,
      immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings in 27 trichodiscomas, the
      largest published series so far, to our knowledge. The tumors of perifollicular
      connective tissue are briefly reviewed and a classification is proposed.
      Hereditary multiple trichodiscomas are regarded as a new entity that should be
      distinguished from the syndrome recently described by Birt and associates that is
      characterized by autosomal dominant inherited fibrofolliculomas as the hallmark,
      associated with trichodiscomas and acrochordons.

PMID- 4015135
TI  - Granuloma and pseudogranuloma of the skin due to Microsporum canis. Successful
      management with local injections of miconazole.
AB  - A 25-year-old immunosuppressed woman with systemic lupus erythematosus
      experienced a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous infection due to Microsporum
      canis. The clinical course and response to therapy of this extremely rare form of
      dermatophytosis are described.

PMID- 4015136
TI  - Nocardia asteroides infection with dissemination to skin and joints.
AB  - A 56-year-old diabetic woman developed multiple cutaneous lesions and septic
      arthritis secondary to disseminated Nocardia asteroides pulmonary infection. The
      diagnosis was made rapidly by Gram's and acid-fast stains of pus, sputum, and
      synovial fluid and later confirmed by cultures. Sulfonamides are the drugs of
      choice for nocardiosis, and this patient had a complete response to two weeks of
      intravenous trimethoprim and sulfamethoxasole followed by three months of oral
      therapy.

PMID- 4015137
TI  - Cutaneous cryptococcosis resembling molluscum contagiosum in a patient with AIDS.
AB  - A 29-year-old Haitian man with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
      developed disseminated cryptococcosis with an unusual cutaneous presentation. He
      had numerous hypopigmented papules over his face that clinically resembled
      molluscum contagiosum. To our knowledge, cutaneous cryptococcosis resembling
      molluscum contagiosum has not been previously reported. The patient had a T-cell
      defect consistent with AIDS and belonged to a high-risk group. To our knowledge,
      this is the second report of cutaneous cryptococcosis in a patient with AIDS.

PMID- 4015138
TI  - Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis. Systemic histiocytosis presenting as
      chronic, nonhealing, ulcerative skin lesions.
AB  - Systemic histiocytosis was found in a patient who presented with chronic,
      nodular, and ulcerative skin lesions. The patient's hospital course was
      complicated by persistent fever, thrombocytopenia, severe neutropenia, and
      coagulation abnormalities. Treatment consisted only of splenectomy and supportive
      care. Postoperatively, the patient's skin lesions and the fever, pancytopenia,
      and coagulopathy resolved. Marked proliferation of histologically benign
      macrophages was observed in dermal, splenic, hepatic, and lymphoid tissues;
      leukophagocytosis and erythrophagocytosis were clearly demonstrated. This illness
      is most consistent with cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis, a newly described
      syndrome.

PMID- 4015139
TI  - Histoplasma panniculitis.
AB  - We encountered two cases of disseminated histoplasmosis with cutaneous
      involvement. The clinical and histopathologic findings were those of
      panniculitis. Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis typically induces a
      hypersensitivity panniculitis remote from the site of infection. In our cases of
      disseminated disease, however, the organisms were present in the skin and
      subcutaneous fat.

PMID- 4015140
TI  - Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Report of two cases with a review of the
      Japanese literature.
AB  - Two Japanese patients, a 29-year-old woman and a 21-year-old man, had typical
      eosinophilic pustular folliculitis characterized by pruritic, tiny, red,
      follicular papulopustules on the face and trunk and eosinophilia in the
      peripheral blood. The second patient also had palmoplantar pustular lesions. A
      review of the literature revealed that this folliculitis primarily affects the
      seborrheic areas and that in one fifth of the patients palmoplantar lesions are a
      concomitant finding.

PMID- 4015141
TI  - Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji's disease) with response to dapsone
      therapy.
AB  - A 50-year-old man had eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji's disease)
      characterized by follicular pustular papules on the face, confluent vesicles on
      the fingers, and a papulopustular area on the upper portion of the back.
      Extensive examinations and cultures of both pustular material and tissue revealed
      no organisms, except Staphylococcus epidermidis. The disease responded to dapsone
      therapy.

PMID- 4015142
TI  - Facial burning and scarring in a child.

PMID- 4015143
TI  - Eliminating neonatal tetanus--an attainable goal.

PMID- 4015145
TI  - Selective surgical management of neural tube malformations.
AB  - The physical characteristics of 49 children with spina bifida cystica, survivors
      of a group subjected to selection for early surgery are compared with 39 children
      alive from an earlier unselected series, born in the 1960s, and reviewed
      retrospectively. Sixteen children were also studied in whom the initial decision
      not to operate had been followed by survival and subsequent treatment. Children
      selected for initial surgery have a significantly lower mortality than those not
      selected and their mobility at 5 to 7 years of age is better, although only
      marginally so compared with the unselected group. Selection does not decrease the
      need for shunt treatment of the associated hydrocephalus. None of those not
      initially selected for surgery have normal faecal or urinary continence, whereas
      35% of the selected in group have normal continence and urinary tracts. Children
      treated immediately have significantly higher degrees of intelligence than both
      the unselectively treated and those whose treatment was delayed but a fifth of
      the latter group were intellectually normal. There were only small differences in
      intelligence between children given delayed treatment and those unselectively
      treated, suggesting that postponing surgery does not necessarily have a
      deleterious effect on ability.

PMID- 4015144
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the hip: early and late diagnosis and management
      compared.
AB  - During the decade 1970-9, 23 002 infants born in the University of Bristol
      Department of Obstetrics were examined for congenital dislocation of the hip by
      junior members of the paediatric staff on the first day of life and again on
      discharge from hospital. Suspected hip abnormality was checked by a senior member
      of the staff on the same day. A total of 445 (1.9%) infants were found to have a
      hip abnormality in the neonatal period. Immediate treatment in an abduction
      splint was undertaken, usually six weeks for dislocatable hips and 12 weeks for
      dislocated hips. Routine follow up included clinical and radiological examination
      at six, 12, 24, and 60 months. Altogether 90% completed the 12 month, 85% the 24
      month, and 76% the 60 month checks. Five infants (1.1%) required further
      orthopaedic treatment (adductor tenotomy and abduction splinting) but no major
      surgery was necessary, nor was avascular necrosis encountered. The radiological
      results were excellent. Every effort (1970-84) was also made to identify all
      cases of late congenital dislocation of the hip diagnosed after the neonatal
      period in infants born to women in Avon during the same decade (n = 103 431).
      Ninety one cases were detected (0.88 per 1000 births), 10 in the university
      cohort (0.44 per 1000) and 81 in the non-university group (1.00 per 1000) (P less
      than 0.01). Seven of 10 in the former group required open surgery and in seven
      the radiological outcome at follow up was moderate or poor. The early and late
      diagnosed groups are compared in respect of perinatal factors and management. It
      is possible to detect most cases of congenital dislocation of the hip at birth
      and treat them safely and successfully.

PMID- 4015146
TI  - Long term prognosis of recurrent haematuria.
AB  - A long term follow up study of 100 children referred with recurrent haematuria
      for at least one year to two regional paediatric nephrology units is described.
      The mean duration of follow up was 8.2 years. An adequate renal biopsy was
      obtained in 96 and eight cases of Alport's syndrome and 10 of IgA nephropathy
      were diagnosed (20% and 26% respectively of the biopsies examined by electron
      microscopy and immunofluorescence). Five patients developed end stage renal
      failure and six hypertension requiring treatment, with the occurrence of these
      complications increasing progressively with increasing duration of follow up (1%
      at five years compared with 12% at 10 years). Adverse prognostic features were
      persistence of microscopic haematuria, proteinuria at presentation, and
      appreciable changes on renal biopsy. Eighty four patients had first degree
      relatives tested for haematuria; 30% of these families had another affected
      member. With long term follow up recurrent haematuria is associated with
      considerable morbidity and potential mortality.

PMID- 4015147
TI  - Familial juvenile nephronophthisis, Jeune's syndrome, and associated disorders.
AB  - Fourteen patients with familial juvenile nephronophthisis are described, eight of
      whom displayed one or more additional disorders. One boy with short limbed
      dwarfism and an abnormal chest was considered to have Jeune's syndrome; review of
      the published reports supports the view that nephronophthisis is the principal
      cause of renal failure in this disorder. Another patient with renal failure and
      retinitis pigmentosa at presentation developed progressive neurological and
      neuromuscular impairment leading to the discovery of ragged red fibre disease
      (mitochondrial cytopathy). Cardiomyopathy was present in this and one other
      patient. Tapeto-retinal degeneration, hepatic fibrosis, cerebellar ataxia, and
      oculomotor apraxia were among the other disorders encountered. Three patients
      presented in extremis with acute heart failure and irreversible oligo-anuria and
      this complication developed in another child who was already known to have
      nephronophthisis. Awareness of this disease and its associations is important for
      early diagnosis and appropriate management.

PMID- 4015148
TI  - Birthweight between 14 and 42 weeks' gestation.
AB  - Data representing fetal weight gain between 14 and 42 weeks' gestation are
      presented; firstly to provide suitable curves enabling the growth of the very
      immature infant to be monitored and secondly to examine the influence of the
      improved techniques of paediatric and obstetric assessment developed since the
      publication of previous studies. Data have been collected from the 57 866
      livebirths in Sheffield between 1976 and 1984 and from therapeutically terminated
      and spontaneously aborted fetuses over the same period. It seems that preterm
      livebirths do not form a different population with respect to weight from the
      fetus still in utero, at least until the beginning of the third trimester.
      Previous studies have reported a bimodality of weight distribution in preterm
      infants at each gestational age which has been attributed to errors in
      gestational assessment. The pattern of distribution of weight in this study
      suggests that early ultrasonography and paediatric assessment techniques have
      exerted a considerable influence on the accuracy of gestational assessment. The
      mean weights of the sample differ considerably from those of the Gairdner and
      Pearson chart which are, therefore, considered to be inappropriate for the
      Sheffield population.

PMID- 4015149
TI  - Chronic non-specific diarrhoea.
AB  - Recurrent, unexplained diarrhoea is the most common intestinal complaint in
      children aged 6 months to 3 years. We studied 27 consecutive children with this
      complaint and followed them up until the age of 5 years. Diarrhoea began at the
      mean age of 9 months (range 4 to 16 months) and resolved in 21 children by 3
      years of age. Twelve children had had infantile colic earlier. In six patients
      diarrhoea was caused by food allergy (cows' milk allergy and allergy to fresh
      vegetables). Episodes of diarrhoea persisted in four of these six. Twenty one
      children had unexplained diarrhoea: this resolved in 19. Nutritional deficiencies
      were rare; only one child had iron deficiency. Relative weights of the children
      were significantly lower at 2 years than at 1 year of age. At 5 years of age six
      of the children continued to have episodes of diarrhoea, and abdominal pains,
      headaches, and atopy occurred more commonly than in the general population. We
      suggest that there are two major subgroups among children with recurrent
      diarrhoea--children with food allergy and those who react to environmental
      stresses with a variety of somatic symptoms.

PMID- 4015150
TI  - Wheezing presenting in general practice.
AB  - General practice records of 1058 children were studied to determine the
      incidence, prevalence, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment of wheezing
      presenting in the first 21 years of life. Up to 7 years of age, boys were more
      likely to present with wheeze and to have recurrent episodes. Later there was a
      higher incidence in girls and a substantial rate of remission among boys, both
      contributing to changes in prevalence during later childhood and adolescence. All
      those diagnosed as asthmatic and two thirds of those with recurrent wheeze
      received bronchodilator treatment.

PMID- 4015151
TI  - BMX compared with ordinary bicycle accidents.
AB  - Three hundred new cases of bicycle accidents were seen in the accident and
      emergency department in 60 consecutive days. Fifty six per cent were related to
      ordinary cycles and 44% to BMX cycles. Significantly more children on BMX cycles
      were boys (94% v 76% on ordinary cycles). Those on BMX cycles were somewhat older
      and more had had previous accidents. By means of a proforma we investigated the
      nature and causes of the accidents, recorded the type of injury, and compared
      accidents on the two groups of bicycles. Forty children had fractures and the
      incidence on BMX machines was almost twice that on conventional bicycles as were
      serious injuries and admissions to hospital. Twenty one children had concussion,
      18 broke teeth, 53 fell head first over handlebars, and 131 had injuries above
      the neck. Significantly more children on ordinary cycles (53%) had injuries above
      the neck than those on BMX cycles (31%). Difficulties and methods of preventing
      the increasing number of cycle accidents are discussed.

PMID- 4015152
TI  - Dress and care of infants in health and illness.
AB  - The mothers of 199 infants (mean age 36.7 days) were interviewed to determine how
      the infant was dressed and wrapped, and how the mother would deal with illness.
      These data were related to measures of the infant's toe and underarm temperatures
      and demographic information about the family. The data did not support the
      hypothesis that infants with particular types of clothing or bedding were at risk
      of overheating and shows that most mothers dress their infants appropriately.
      Mothers' ideas about management of illness were often inappropriate particularly
      in lower socioeducational groups.

PMID- 4015153
TI  - Pressure volume characteristics of the lungs in sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - Data on the pressure volume characteristics of left lungs obtained from 23 babies
      dying from sudden infant death syndrome were compared with results from 18 length
      matched babies dying from established but primarily non-pulmonary causes. Volume
      distension at 30 cm of water and deflation flow volume characteristics were very
      similar in the two groups. These findings do not suggest that babies dying from
      sudden infant death syndrome have abnormally stiff lungs.

PMID- 4015154
TI  - Night cough counts and diary card scores in asthma.
AB  - A tape recording system for recording night cough in asthmatics at home is
      described. Objective cough counts and half hour periods containing cough did not
      correlate with diary card scores awarded to eight children on seven nights each.
      Night cough diary scores may mislead in the assessment of symptom severity.

PMID- 4015155
TI  - Remission of progressive renal failure in familial Mediterranean fever during
      colchicine treatment.
AB  - Colchicine was administered to a 12 year old girl with familial Mediterranean
      fever and progressive renal insufficiency. There was immediate resolution of
      abdominal attacks together with a dramatic fall in the serum creatinine
      concentration and the degree of proteinuria. At the same time her severely
      impaired growth was stimulated.

PMID- 4015156
TI  - Prognosis for babies born with fused eyelids.
AB  - The overall mortality for babies referred to our unit with fused eyelids was
      68.7%; but when severe skin bruising was present only one of 18 babies survived
      (5.6%). This compares with a survival rate of 75% for those not bruised at or
      soon after birth. Skin bruising invariably indicates a very poor prognosis in
      babies born with fused eyelids.

PMID- 4015157
TI  - Unexpected cure in metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - A 3 year old boy presented with a presumably incurable form of rhabdomyosarcoma.
      Conventional treatment for advanced stage rhabdomyosarcoma (chemotherapy plus
      radiotherapy) was not used and intensive chemotherapy alone was given, resulting
      in an apparent cure. Our treatment rationale is discussed.

PMID- 4015158
TI  - Isolated myocarditis in the first year.
AB  - Over a period of nearly 40 years, 20 cases of isolated myocarditis were traced
      from 3086 necropsies. Seventeen occurred in infants less than 12 months of age,
      often with no antecedent clinical signs (sudden deaths) or with a short clinical
      history of less than 24 hours' duration.

PMID- 4015159
TI  - Management of school refusal.

PMID- 4015160
TI  - Changes in understanding of illness as the child grows.

PMID- 4015161
TI  - Diaphragmatic paralysis due to spinal muscular atrophy.

PMID- 4015162
TI  - Inspiratory: expiratory ratio and pulmonary interstitial emphysema.

PMID- 4015163
TI  - Apnoea monitors and sudden infant death.

PMID- 4015164
TI  - Who should get growth hormone?

PMID- 4015165
TI  - Complications of diazoxide in the treatment of nesidioblastosis.

PMID- 4015166
TI  - Infanticide, filicide, and cot death.

PMID- 4015167
TI  - Aetiology of idiopathic spinal deformities.

PMID- 4015168
TI  - Ischaemic spinal cord injury after cardiac surgery.
AB  - The case records of eight children with an acute spinal cord lesion after cardiac
      surgery were reviewed. All had been operated on for congenital heart disease over
      the past 10 years. The prognosis for neurological recovery was poor and scoliosis
      and bladder dysfunction were common complications. Ischaemic cord injury is
      usually associated with coarctation of the aorta but may occur when surgery is
      performed for other cardiovascular defects.

PMID- 4015169
TI  - Non-natural deaths in two health districts.
AB  - Details of all deaths in children (less than 16 years) resident in Oxfordshire
      and West Berkshire from 1970-9 were ascertained; 259 non-natural deaths were
      identified. Half were due to road traffic accidents, and another quarter occurred
      during play outside the home. There were differences in sex, age, and social
      class between the types of accident. A clustering of fatal accidents,
      particularly to pedestrians, was observed at around the time of the child's
      birthday. It is suggested that the excitement engendered overrides the child's
      normal caution. Local action to reduce accidents from specific hazards might
      complement national education campaigns.

PMID- 4015170
TI  - Sleep apnoea profile in preterm infants recovering from respiratory distress
      syndrome.
AB  - Polygraphic recordings were made on 10 preterm infants recovering from
      respiratory distress syndrome and 12 healthy preterm control infants at 40, 52,
      and 64 weeks' conceptual age to study the influence of respiratory distress
      syndrome on the development of the sleep apnoea profile. Two significant
      differences were found: infants with respiratory distress syndrome not only had a
      lower incidence of non-obstructive apnoea and periodic breathing at 40 weeks but
      also a persistently higher incidence of obstructive and mixed apnoea at 52 and 64
      weeks' conceptual age; the latter finding being related to non-rapid eye movement
      sleep only. While the lower incidence of both types of apnoea at 40 weeks
      suggests an advanced maturation of respiratory drive, the persistence of
      obstructive and mixed apnoea related to non-rapid eye movement sleep may reflect
      the impact of respiratory distress syndrome on airway structures.

PMID- 4015171
TI  - Lack of association between barotrauma and air leak in hyaline membrane disease.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 632 infants with hyaline membrane disease admitted to
      this regional intensive care nursery between 1 July 1974 and 31 December 1982
      showed that 387 (61%) received mechanical ventilation. The ventilator pressures
      at the time the first air leak was detected were available from the records of
      120 of 154 (78%) of the infants who sustained pulmonary air leak. There was a
      significant downward trend in both peak and end expiratory pressure used during
      the study period. The downward trend in peak pressure persisted when inborn and
      outborn infants, boys and girls, and infants more than 27, and 23 to 27 weeks'
      gestation were examined separately. Despite these trends there was no reduction
      in the incidence of pulmonary air leak in any group. These data do not support
      the hypothesis, implicit in the term barotrauma, that a reduction in ventilator
      pressures decreases the risk of air leak.

PMID- 4015172
TI  - Behavioural deviance and maternal depressive symptoms in paediatric outpatients.
AB  - A consecutive series of 95 3 to 4 year old and 43 7 to 11 year old children
      attending surgical, and medical outpatient clinics was studied, using
      questionnaires that measured behavioural deviance and had adequate reliability
      and validity for screening populations of children. A control group was also
      studied in the 7 to 11 year old sample. Depressive symptoms in the mothers of the
      children were determined using the Wakefield depression inventory. There was
      considerable behavioural deviance in children attending the outpatient clinics;
      44% of the 7 to 11 year olds who were surgical outpatients had deviant scores.
      Thirty two per cent of mothers of medical outpatients had deviant scores on the
      depression inventory. These findings have relevance for the approach
      paediatricians take to their outpatients.

PMID- 4015173
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - Presenting features and clinical manifestations of six patients with toxic shock
      syndrome are reported. In four of the six cutaneous injury, sometimes trivial,
      occurred before the onset of symptoms and may have been a causal factor. All six
      children recovered. The need for early recognition and intensive management in
      this life threatening condition is discussed.

PMID- 4015175
TI  - Biotinidase deficiency: presymptomatic treatment.
AB  - Biotinidase deficiency presents with clinical signs of biotin deficiency at the
      age of 3 months, or soon after. In an infant in whom the diagnosis was made on
      cord blood, vision and hearing were normal before presymptomatic treatment with
      biotin. Physical and mental development are good at 14 months.

PMID- 4015174
TI  - The diabetic with a diabetic parent.
AB  - Six of eight children with diabetes who have a parent with type I diabetes
      mellitus presented serious management problems. The doctor and diabetic health
      visitor should be aware that these families may require extra support.

PMID- 4015176
TI  - Acid base balance in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Thirty four infants were studied; 21 with acute gastroenteritis, dehydration, and
      metabolic acidosis and 13 who served as controls. All infants with metabolic
      acidosis and without neurological signs had a normal to near normal cerebrospinal
      fluid acid base balance, but five with metabolic acidosis and severe neurological
      signs had cerebrospinal fluid acid base disequilibrium. Acute metabolic acidosis
      in infants may lead to cerebrospinal fluid acid base imbalance causing cerebral
      dysfunction.

PMID- 4015177
TI  - Hepatitis B virus replication in acute glomerulonephritis with chronic active
      hepatitis.
AB  - A 3 year old boy who had chronic active hepatitis type B with features of ongoing
      liver damage and active virus replication, developed acute membranous
      glomerulonephritis two years after the clinical onset of liver disease, when both
      hepatitis B e antigen and antibody were detectable in serum. After withdrawal of
      short term steroid treatment and resolution of hepatitis B virus replication,
      both glomerulonephritis and chronic hepatitis went into remission. Some months
      later hepatitis B surface antigen was no longer found in serum.

PMID- 4015178
TI  - Recurrent croup.
AB  - Thirty one of 486 children followed from birth had recurrent croup in the first
      four years of life. Twenty one were boys, and 10 girls. Recurrent croup occurred
      significantly more often in families with a positive history of allergy but was
      not significantly associated with the initial feeding method.

PMID- 4015179
TI  - Screening for congenital hypothyroidism: the first decade.

PMID- 4015180
TI  - Inaccurate coding corrupts medical information.

PMID- 4015181
TI  - Welfare of children in hospital.

PMID- 4015182
TI  - Activation of complement by 405-nm light in serum from porphyria cutanea tarda.
AB  - Sera from three patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) were examined for
      evidence of complement activation. The irradiation of sera in vitro with 405-nm
      light resulted in a dose-dependent diminution of total hemolytic complement
      activity and the hemolytic titers of C1, C4, C2, C3, and C5. Furthermore, such
      irradiated sera showed immunoelectrophoretical C3 conversion, chemotactic
      activity for rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes inhibited by incubation with anti
      C5 antisera but not anti-C3 antisera, and C5a generation as measured by
      radioimmunoassay. Factor-B conversion did not occur in such irradiated sera.
      Using Sephadex G-75 chromatography, the irradiated sera showed a multiphasic
      elution profile of chemotactic activity similar to that of zymosan-activated
      serum. The generation of C5a even occurred in factor-B-depleted serum. These
      studies indicate that the irradiation of PCT serum with 405-nm light induces the
      activation of the complement system via the classical pathway, resulting in the
      development of a chemotactic factor.

PMID- 4015183
TI  - Circadian rhythm of the in vivo migration of neutrophils in psoriatic patients.
AB  - Neutrophil chemotaxis in ten subjects with psoriasis was evaluated in vivo by the
      quantitative skin-window technique using autologous serum and in vitro using a
      modified Boyden technique. The in vitro chemotaxis values of the psoriatics were
      significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those of healthy controls. When
      measured in vivo, however, we found that, after 9, 12, and 24 h, the values of
      the migrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) of psoriasis patients were only
      slightly and non-significantly lower than normal values. Analysing the in vivo
      chemotaxis data by a chronobiological method, we demonstrated statistically
      significant circadian rhythms in nine of the ten psoriasis patients. In seven of
      the patients, we found that the population had a significant rhythm, with the
      acrophase at -328 degrees. Our in vitro and in vivo values are in agreement with
      previously published values. However, there was a definite circadian rhythm of
      migration that we could not demonstrate in normal controls. We consider that our
      data reveal a significant and important difference between neutrophil chemotaxis
      in vivo in normal subjects and that in patients with psoriasis.

PMID- 4015184
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation to membrane-conjugated, liposome-conjugated, or
      unconjugated pentadecylcatechol in the guinea pig.
AB  - This study examined the in vitro immunogenicity of haptenated liposomes and
      compared them with haptenated biological membranes and unconjugated hapten.
      Peripheral-blood lymphocytes were obtained from guinea pigs topically sensitized
      with pentadecylcatechol (PDC) and immunologically naive guinea pigs. Lymphocyte
      transformations were studied by [3H]thymidine uptake. PDC failed to stimulate the
      lymphocytes from the immunologically naive group. There was significant
      blastogenesis in the cells of the sensitized group, but the degree of stimulation
      was dependent upon the manner in which the antigen was presented to them.
      Unconjugated hapten caused a low-level, dose-dependent mitogenesis in the
      sensitized T cells, and hapten-conjugated liposomes enhanced this response (P
      less than 0.05). By far the most effective immunogen was a haptenated biologic
      membrane. In all cases, the mitogenic response was macrophage dependent. It is
      possible that the haptenated biologic membranes were more effective than
      synthetic membranes (liposomes) because of the presence of membrane proteins that
      can conjugate with hapten and from a more effective immunogen.

PMID- 4015186
TI  - Percutaneous penetration of hair dyes.
AB  - Scalp penetration of 7 hair dyes (oxidative and direct) that occurs under
      conditions of hair dye usage was evaluated for both rhesus monkey and man using
      14C labeled materials by quantifying their absorbtion via urine assays. Both
      species showed a remarkably similar pattern of dye penetration. The extent of
      scalp penetration is slightly higher for direct dyes but in neither case does it
      exceed 1% of the applied dose.

PMID- 4015185
TI  - The effect of estradiol on the sebaceous gland of the hamster ear and its
      antagonism by tamoxifen.
AB  - To evaluate the antagonism between estradiol and tamoxifen in the sebaceous gland
      of the hamster ear, animals were topically treated, and the size of the sebaceous
      glands was measured by histoplanimetry. The systemic effects were described by
      determining the estradiol and testosterone plasma levels and within the testes,
      and the size of the seminal vesicles and the contralateral sebaceous gland. The
      administration of 0.1 micrograms estradiol resulted in a diminution in the size
      of the treated glands but left all other parameters unchanged, indicating a
      purely local effect. A higher dose of estradiol (1 microgram) further decreased
      the size of the treated glands, but this was combined with a systemic effect,
      i.e. low plasma testosterone, decrease in testis size and a diminution of the
      contralateral ear gland. Ten micrograms of estradiol maximally suppressed all of
      the androgen effects without side effects. The administration of tamoxifen alone
      also decreased the size of the sebaceous glands without side effects, but it did
      not affect the production or effects of androgens. When administered in
      combination with estradiol, it antagonized the effects of this hormone
      completely. We conclude that tamoxifen inhibits the negative effect of estradiol
      on sebaceous-gland size. It acts predominantly in a systemic manner, because a
      metabolisation to monohydroxytamoxifen is necessary.

PMID- 4015187
TI  - Langerhans-cell degeneration in X-linked dominant ichthyosis. A quantitative and
      ultrastructural study.

PMID- 4015188
TI  - Quantitative analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin in human malignant-melanoma
      tissues.

PMID- 4015189
TI  - The outcome of pregnancy and preterm delivery after conization of the cervix.
AB  - Of 607 women who had undergone conization of the cervix in 1973-1980 in the
      country of Funen, Denmark, 128 women had completed a total of 166 pregnancies
      before April 1, 1982. There was apparently no adverse effect of conization on
      these pregnancies. The frequency of delivery before 37 completed weeks of
      gestation, of a birthweight less than 2500 g or below the 10th percentile did not
      differ from that for a population standardized for age and parity. Five women had
      a second trimester abortion in a pregnancy after conization, but without evidence
      of cervical insufficiency. Eleven conized women had a caesarean section in a
      subsequent pregnancy for reasons unrelated to conization.

PMID- 4015190
TI  - Increased lysosomal fragility in the human uterine cervix following estrogen
      therapy.
AB  - In vitro stability of the lysosomal membrane complex was studied in non-pregnant
      human uterine cervices. The oestrogen therapy caused markedly enhanced lability
      of the lysosomal membrane complex as evidenced by higher activity of the "marker"
      enzyme when the preparations were challenged by mechanical or detergent stress.
      Oestradiol-17 beta might be implicated in altering the metabolism of the
      proteoglycan complex which may result in the "ripening" of the pregnant cervix.

PMID- 4015191
TI  - The value of ovarian and placental steroid determinations in abnormal early
      pregnancy.
AB  - Concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and 170H-progesterone (170H
      P) were measured by radioimmunoassay in serum samples obtained from a group of 98
      women with threatened (n = 60), incomplete (n = 22) or missed (n = 16) abortion
      between the 4th and 17th week of pregnancy. The diagnosis was based on the
      clinical symptoms and the results of ultrasound scanning. In threatened abortion
      54, out of 60 E2 values were within the 95% normal range, including most of the
      cases in which abortion occurred later. In incomplete abortion 18 of 21 E2 values
      were below the lower 95% confidence limit. In missed abortion, 11 of 15 E2 values
      were abnormal, being below the 95% normal range. Similar patterns in women with
      threatened, incomplete or missed abortion can be observed for values of P and
      170H-P. Our results indicate that serum determinations of ovarian and placental
      steroids in women with early pregnancy failure are not of great clinical value.

PMID- 4015193
TI  - [Clinical pharmacology in geriatrics].

PMID- 4015192
TI  - Plasma angiotensin I and serum placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP) in pre
      eclampsia.
AB  - A study was undertaken on serial measurements of plasma angiotensin I (A-I) and
      serum placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP) activities in normal and pre
      eclamptic pregnancy. There was the significant difference in A-I levels between
      normal and mild pre-eclamptic pregnancy at weeks 30, 35, 37, between normal and
      severe pre-eclamptic pregnancy at week 37. There were no differences in serum P
      LAP between normal and mild pre-eclamptic pregnancy up to week 33, but thereafter
      the levels for the mild pre-eclampsia were significantly higher than for the
      normal pregnancy. The P-LAP activity for the severe pre-eclampsia reached its
      maximum level at week 31. Around this week, the levels for severe pre-eclampsia
      were significantly higher than in the normal pregnancy. After week 35, the
      activities decreased precipitously to week 40; the activities for severe pre
      eclampsia in late pregnancy at weeks 39 and 40 were significantly lower than in
      normal pregnancy. The above data support the idea that P-LAP test is useful for
      prediction or diagnosis of pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 4015194
TI  - [Effect of stable strontium on spontaneous and drug-induced motor activity in the
      rat].

PMID- 4015195
TI  - Action of aluminum chloride in isolated muscular strips of rat stomach fundus.

PMID- 4015196
TI  - [Effect of cortisol administration on the fate of nitrogen in malnourished
      pregnant rats].

PMID- 4015197
TI  - N-acetyl-L-cysteine in acute cobalt poisoning.

PMID- 4015198
TI  - [Effect of oils heated with aniline on development in the Wistar rat].

PMID- 4015199
TI  - Routine quantification of rheumatoid factor by rate nephelometry.
AB  - In a cross-sectional study of over 3000 consecutive serum specimens the levels of
      rheumatoid factor (RF) measured by rate nephelometry (Beckman ICS II) were
      compared with values obtained by the more traditional methods of sheep cell
      agglutination (Rose-Waaler) and latex agglutination. Similar values for
      sensitivity and specificity were found for all three methods for rheumatoid
      arthritis, with nephelometry giving slightly higher levels of sensitivity for
      other rheumatic disorders. A significant correlation (r = 0.46, p less than 0.01)
      was found between the nephelometric and Rose-Waaler method for 147 consecutive
      seropositive specimens. Of interest, however, several disparate results were
      observed, and explanations for these were sought. Longitudinal studies of RF were
      performed in 49 seropositive patients over a two-year period. The nephelometric
      method was considered superior compared with the other techniques because of its
      ability to detect changes in absolute levels at earlier stages and its low
      interassay coefficient of variance (11%). We conclude that the nephelometric
      technique appears suitable for routine diagnostic use, offers several advantages
      compared with more traditional methods, and is no more expensive per test
      specimen than the Rose-Waaler technique.

PMID- 4015200
TI  - Studies on the interaction of rheumatoid factor with monosodium urate crystals
      and case report of coexistent tophaceous gout and rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Gout and classical rheumatoid arthritis rarely coexist. We report a patient with
      strong evidence for both these diseases. Possible reasons for the negative
      correlation between these diseases are summarised. One hypothesis suggests
      inhibition of surface activity of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) by binding of
      rheumatoid factor (RF). This was studied with a purified monoclonal rheumatoid
      factor (mRF) with specificity for IgG. The mRF bound preferentially to MSU coated
      with IgG in contrast with the IgM control. Inhibition of the neutrophil
      chemiluminescence (CL) response to IgG-coated MSU was observed at concentrations
      of mRF that had no effect on the CL response to uncoated crystals. Neutrophil
      activation was not altered by coating crystals with an IgM control at the same
      concentration. These data suggest that RF may bind to antigenic determinants on
      exposed Fc of adsorbed IgG and block the interaction of crystal-bound IgG with Fc
      receptors. Although crystal coating by RF may modify the expression of gouty
      arthritis, it is unlikely to be the sole explanation for the dissociation between
      gout and RA.

PMID- 4015201
TI  - Demonstration of an abnormality of C apoprotein of very low density lipoprotein
      in patients with gout.
AB  - The very low density (VLDL) apolipoproteins of 12 male patients with gout have
      been studied by analytical isoelectric focusing. The relative percentage
      distribution of the C apolipoproteins was calculated and compared with that from
      12 normolipidaemic and 12 'lipid-matched' controls. In the gout patients
      apolipoprotein CII (apo CII) represented 19.6% of the VLDL C proteins and the
      CII/CIII2 ratio was 0.57. In the normolipidaemic controls apo CII represented
      28.8% and in the lipid-matched controls 33.1% of VLDL apo C, and the CII/CIII2
      ratio approached one in each control group. These differences were significant.
      This suggests that a reduction in VLDL apo CII may predispose to the
      hypertriglyceridaemia that is commonly found in patients with gout.

PMID- 4015202
TI  - Plasma or serum from patients with systemic sclerosis alters behaviour of normal
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Incubation of washed normal erythrocytes with fresh or frozen plasma or serum
      from patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) significantly decreased the
      filterability of the cells, whereas the incubation of homologous normal serum or
      plasma with washed erythrocytes did not alter the filterability of these cells.
      The endothelial cell adherence of normal erythrocytes was increased by 3.5- and
      2.6-fold (p less than 0.01) respectively when plasma or serum from patients with
      SS rather than that from normal controls was added to the incubation medium.
      Further investigation and isolation of the reactive material(s) present in the
      serum and plasma of patients with SS, which affect the deformability and
      endothelial cell adherence of erythrocytes, may be helpful in understanding the
      pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 4015203
TI  - Acute autonomic neuropathy in association with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A patient is described with acute autonomic neuropathy, developing post partum in
      association with systemic lupus erythematosus, and showing a rapid clinical
      response to steroids. The pattern of tissue damage is suggestive of an
      immunologically mediated mechanism.

PMID- 4015204
TI  - Complete heart block and bowel infarction secondary to rheumatoid disease.
AB  - A case of complete heart block secondary to rheumatoid involvement of the
      conduction system is presented. The same patient died after infarction of the
      colon as a consequence of arterial spasm superimposed upon pre-existing
      rheumatoid changes in the mesenteric arteries. The coexistence of rheumatoid
      involvement of the heart and of the bowel vasculature has not previously been
      reported.

PMID- 4015205
TI  - Extracellular fluid deficit following operation and its correction with Ringer's
      lactate. A reassessment.
AB  - The changes in extracellular fluid volume (ECV) in two groups of surgical
      patients, one receiving Ringer's lactate solution intraoperatively and the other
      receiving only dextrose and water, were assessed. A deficit in the ECV, as
      measured by radioactive sulfate, of 1.9 +/- 0.8 l (p less than 0.003) compared to
      the preoperative volume was found in the dextrose group. This was accompanied by
      a decrease in the mean creatinine clearance (-13% p less than 0.01), the mean
      urinary sodium excretion (-57% p less than 0.05), and the mean rate of clearance
      of the sulfate tracer (-18% p less than 0.01). The use of intraoperative Ringer's
      lactate (1660 cc +/- 96 cc) resulted in no change in the ECV, an increase in the
      mean creatinine clearance (+10% p less than 0.05), and no change in sodium
      excretion or tracer clearance. As a result of these findings, it appears that
      postoperative sodium retention is a physiologic response to a decreased ECV,
      which can be prevented by the administration of Ringer's lactate.

PMID- 4015206
TI  - Serum-mediated depression of neutrophil chemiluminescence following blunt trauma.
AB  - To investigate one possible mechanism responsible for decreased neutrophil
      bactericidal activity following trauma, the chemiluminescence response of normal
      neutrophils was measured following incubation in nonseptic and septic serum from
      19 blunt trauma patients. Incubation of normal neutrophils in septic patients'
      sera (61 studies) resulted in a marked decrease in the chemiluminescence response
      (36 +/- 26% of control), compared to incubation in nonseptic sera (92 studies, 80
      +/- 53% of control; p less than 0.005). This difference between nonseptic and
      septic serum was apparent immediately after injury, prior to the development of
      sepsis (47 +/- 4% versus 77 +/- 12%; p less than 0.05). The depression of the CL
      response was due to a suppressive factor present in septic patients' sera. This
      factor was nondialyzable and was present in high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) fractions containing protein of molecular weight 50 to
      100,000. Removal of albumin using Affigel-blue did not remove the suppressive
      factor. In contrast to the suppressive effect of septic trauma serum, septic
      patients' neutrophils had a normal chemiluminescence response after their
      isolation and washing. We conclude that trauma results in the generation of a
      serum factor that suppresses neutrophil chemiluminescence and that is present in
      greater amounts in patients who eventually become septic. This factor may be
      responsible for the decreased bactericidal activity and depressed host defense
      following injury.

PMID- 4015207
TI  - Use of transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements [PtcO2] in the diagnosis of
      peripheral vascular insufficiency.

PMID- 4015208
TI  - Bacteriology and septic complications of patients with appendicitis.

PMID- 4015209
TI  - Lumpectomy and level 1 axillary dissection prior to irradiation for operable
      breast cancer.

PMID- 4015210
TI  - Recurrent carotid stenosis. A five-year series of 65 reoperations.
AB  - From 1979 to 1983, 1726 carotid endarterectomies were performed at the Cleveland
      Clinic. During this period, 39 men (mean age, 60 years) and 22 women (mean age,
      63 years) required 65 reoperations (3.8%) for correction of recurrent carotid
      stenosis occurring 3 to 194 months (mean, 42 months) after previous
      endarterectomy at this center (N = 43) or elsewhere (N = 22). Remedial procedures
      were necessary because of restenosis demonstrated by routine noninvasive testing
      in 32 asymptomatic lesions and because of neurologic symptoms in 33 others. The
      mean recurrence interval was 57 postoperative months for atherosclerosis (N = 37)
      in comparison to 21 months (p = 0.0007) for myointimal hyperplasia (N = 28), and
      was 48 months for men in comparison to 31 months for women (p = NS).
      Hypercholesterolemia appeared to be associated with late atherosclerotic
      recurrence (p = 0.05), but was not a feature of myointimal hyperplasia. Patch
      angioplasty (N = 59) or graft replacement (N = 3) was employed during 62 of the
      65 reoperations, with a total of two operative deaths (3.1%), one nonfatal stroke
      (1.5%), and six transient cranial nerve injuries (9.2%). Three unrelated late
      deaths have occurred within a mean follow-up period of 23 months, but only three
      patients have experienced subsequent neurologic symptoms.

PMID- 4015211
TI  - Endothelial preservation in reversed and in situ autogenous vein grafts. A
      quantitative experimental study.
AB  - The hypothesis that superior endothelial preservation occurs when in situ (as
      opposed to harvested and reversed) autogenous veins are used as arterial grafts
      was investigated in a canine model by quantitating endothelial loss as seen on
      scanning electron micrographs. In situ grafts were compared to atraumatically
      dissected, nondistended, reversed grafts and to grafts distended to 500 mmHg
      pressure. Two hours after arterial transplantation, endothelial denudation
      averaged 3.9 +/- 6.7% on in situ grafts, 18.6 +/- 5.9% on reversed grafts (p less
      than 0.01), and 35.3 +/- 5.4% on reversed and distended grafts (p less than
      0.001). At 24 hours after grafting, a significant increase (p less than 0.01) in
      endothelial destruction on in situ grafts resulted in a smaller, yet still
      significant difference in endothelial preservation between in situ and reversed
      grafts (15.2 +/- 9.5% vs. 25.1 +/- 23.4%, p less than 0.05). Endothelial healing
      was largely accomplished at 2 weeks regardless of technique. No difference in
      endothelial fibrinolytic activity could be detected between in situ and gently
      handled, reversed grafts at 24 hours or 6 weeks after surgery. An obligatory,
      although modest, degree of endothelial destruction occurred on the undissected
      portion of in situ grafts as a consequence of exposure to arterial hemodynamics.
      However, in the immediate postoperative period, endothelial preservation on in
      situ grafts surpassed that seen in even the most gently handled reversed vein
      grafts.

PMID- 4015212
TI  - The natural history of diagnosed gallstone disease in symptomatic and
      asymptomatic patients.
AB  - The natural history of gallstone disease in 691 patients, followed for a mean +/-
      SD duration of 78 +/- 61.6 months (median 62.9 months), is presented. These
      patients are all subscribers of a large health maintenance organization and are
      believed to represent a cross-section of middle income Americans. Symptoms
      attributed to biliary tract disease were present in 556 (80.5%), and the other
      135 (19.5%) patients were asymptomatic. In the symptomatic group, the mean +/- SD
      duration of observation was 82.9 +/- 63.2 months (median 68.5 months); 242 (44%)
      eventually underwent biliary tract operations most often because of persistent
      symptoms. Only 10% of asymptomatic patients followed for 58 +/- 50.2 months
      (median 46.3 months) developed symptoms of biliary calculi, and seven per cent
      required operations. There were 50 deaths in this series of 691 patients, 25 in
      the symptomatic group, and 25 in the asymptomatic. Only two of these deaths were
      biliary tract related, and both were in the symptomatic group. This study
      suggests that patients with silent stones do not need to be operated on prior to
      the development of symptoms. In addition, many patients with symptoms of biliary
      calculi can tolerate their symptoms for long periods of time and prefer this
      course of action to cholecystectomy.

PMID- 4015213
TI  - Predictive ability of choledocholithiasis indicators. A prospective evaluation.
AB  - To assess the predictive ability of various indicators of common bile duct
      calculi, 457 patients undergoing cholecystectomy for gallstone disease were
      prospectively screened for the presence of 11 predefined criteria of possible
      choledocholithiasis. The predictive ability of the criteria, individually and in
      combinations, was determined. For all criteria, except a history of pancreatitis,
      a significantly increased incidence of choledocholithiasis was found. The number
      of positive criteria correlated positively with the frequency of common bile duct
      calculi. The negative predictive value and sensitivity of the total set of
      criteria were 98% and 89.5%, respectively. Following common duct exploration, the
      number of complications and the duration of postoperative hospitalization were
      significantly increased as compared with simple cholecystectomy. Peroperative
      cholangiography with cholecystectomy is recommended in all patients, with one or
      more criteria of possible choledocholithiasis. Routine peroperative
      cholangiography in patients with no positive criteria does not seem to be
      necessary.

PMID- 4015214
TI  - Experimental evidence for a vagally mediated and cholecystokinin-independent
      enteropancreatic reflex.
AB  - Truncal vagotomy results in diminished pancreatic protein secretion in response
      to intraduodenal fat. This diminished secretion may be due, at least in part, to
      interruption of the vagal reflexes between the intestine and the pancreas that
      work independently of cholecystokinin (CCK). In five dogs with chronic pancreatic
      fistulas, plasma CCK concentrations and pancreatic protein secretion in response
      to an intestinal stimulant (intraduodenal oleate) and to two exogenous peptides
      (bombesin and CCK-33) were compared before and after bilateral truncal vagotomy.
      Vagotomy decreased integrated protein secretion by about 50% in response to
      intraduodenal oleate. In contrast, protein output in response to parenteral
      stimuli increased after vagotomy. Integrated output of CCK in response to
      intraduodenal oleate or to exogenous bombesin or CCK was not significantly
      affected by vagotomy, but release of pancreatic polypeptide was decreased
      significantly in response to all stimuli after truncal vagotomy. These data
      provide evidence that truncal vagotomy decreases pancreatic protein secretion in
      response to intestinal stimulants by interrupting enteropancreatic reflexes
      mediated by the vagus, while maintaining normal (or supranormal) sensitivity of
      the pancreas to endogenous and exogenous CCK.

PMID- 4015215
TI  - Volvulus of the colon. Incidence and mortality.
AB  - Between 1960 and 1980, 137 patients with colonic volvulus (52% cecal, 3%
      transverse colon, 2% splenic flexure, and 43% sigmoid) were seen at the Mayo
      Clinic. Among the 59 patients with sigmoid volvulus, four (7%) had colonic
      infarction. Total mortality with sigmoid volvulus was seven per cent. There were
      71 patients with cecal volvulus. Colonoscopic decompression was accomplished in
      two of these patients; in 15 (21%), gangrenous colon developed and mortality was
      33%. Total mortality for cecal volvulus patients was 17%. Mortality for all forms
      of volvulus in patients with viable colons was 11%. Mortality for all patients
      with volvulus was 14%.

PMID- 4015216
TI  - Time and type of prophylactic surgery for familial adenomatosis coli.
AB  - Data on 61 kinds of familial adenomatosis coli registered in Finland, including
      185 affected members, were collected to evaluate the chronological evolution of
      carcinoma in this disease. The long-term results for 52 patients undergoing
      colectomy and ileorectostomy were reviewed. Colorectal carcinoma occurred in 105
      patients, with cumulative percentages of 1, 6, 16, 28, and 42 at 20, 25, 30, 35,
      and 40 years of age. Only three out of 50 call-up patients (6%) had a carcinoma,
      as compared with 62% in the propositi group. No cases of rectal stump carcinomas
      were recorded after 52 ileorectostomies in a follow-up period of up to 21 years
      (mean 6 +/- 5 S.D. years). It was concluded that prophylactic colectomy must
      usually be performed at 20 to 25 years of age, at the latest. Despite conflicting
      earlier evidence, colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis may still be a viable
      alternative, providing that the rectal stump is very short (5 to 10 cm) and the
      surveillance and treatment of all new adenomas is effective.

PMID- 4015217
TI  - Thin level IV malignant melanoma. A subset in which level is the major prognostic
      indicator.
AB  - A small proportion of "thin" malignant melanomas will metastasize and cause
      death. To assess the role of discordance between the major indicators of tumor
      depth (thickness and level) as a possible explanation for this phenomenon,
      prognosis by level has been examined in 255 cases, with tumors ranging in
      thickness from 0.6 to 1.1 mm. This is the range of thickness at which levels II,
      III, and IV overlap. The 5-year survival rate of patients with level IV tumors in
      this thickness range (59.35%) was poor (p less than 0.0001), relative to that of
      patients with level II (96.8%) and III (94.49%) lesions in the same range of
      tumor thickness. The distributions of other major prognostic indicators, among
      the groups of patients with tumors at each level, were examined to assess the
      possible contribution of factors other than level to the differences in survival
      between the three groups. These differences in survival could not be attributed
      to differing distributions of tumor thickness, tumor location, or patient sex. Of
      six prognostic variables, examined by Cox multivariate regression analysis, for
      tumors of thickness 0.6 to 1.1 mm, only level was found to have independent
      prognostic significance (p = 0.0025). The thin level IV melanoma appears to be an
      important exception to the rule that this melanomas are associated with an
      excellent prognosis. In this, as well as in other studies, after accounting for
      the effect on prognosis of tumor thickness, level has been shown to be a
      prognostic indicator with independent significance. The continued use of level as
      a prognostic indicator, in addition to thickness, is recommended.

PMID- 4015218
TI  - Endorectal ileal pullthrough with isoperistaltic ileal reservoir for colitis and
      polyposis.
AB  - Seventy-eight patients with ulcerative colitis refractory to medical therapy and
      eight with colonic polypisis have undergone total colectomy mucosal proctectomy,
      endorectal ileal pull-through with ileoanal anastomosis, and diverting ileostomy
      at the UCLA Medical Center during the past 7 years. Seventy-seven patients
      underwent a second stage operation with construction of a lateral isoperistaltic
      ileal reservoir, 12 to 30 cm long, and closure of the ileostomy. A reservoir 10
      to 15 cm long appears optimal for children, and one 20 cm long appears to
      function best for adults. Major complications were either related to obstruction
      of the reservoir outlet from leaving a rectal muscle cuff longer than 6 cm,
      and/or constructing the reservoir too long in the early experience (16 patients),
      or from cuff abscesses (four patients). Out of the 77 patients, these problems
      led to reservoir removal in three, temporary ileostomy in eight, and reservoir
      revision in 16. Persistent cuff abscess was the cause for reservoir removal in
      two of four patients. Continence was achieved in all patients within 2 weeks.
      Good to excellent results were obtained in 65 patients. At one year, 78% were
      completely continent during the day, 18% had minor seepage, and four per cent had
      occasional soiling. Frequency of defecation in patients without complications, or
      those surgically corrected, was seven per 24 hours within 3 months. There were no
      deaths. Six patients were found to have unsuspected cancer at operation. No
      patient experienced bladder dysfunction or abnormal sexual function. Although a
      technically difficult operation, the long-term results indicate that the
      pullthrough operation is a good alternative to proctocolectomy with ileostomy.

PMID- 4015219
TI  - Penetrating duodenal injuries. Analysis of 100 consecutive cases.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients with penetrating duodenal injuries were reviewed
      retrospectively to analyze the results of various methods of treatment. The
      severity of the abdominal injury was quantified by the Penetrating Abdominal
      Trauma Index (PATI). The overall mortality was 25%. Sixteen per cent of the
      deaths were related to extensive associated organ injury, eight per cent to
      sepsis, and one per cent to concurrent head trauma. Duodenal fistulas occurred in
      four per cent and were associated with mortality in two per cent. The
      complications of duodenal fistula, abdominal sepsis, and mortality from sepsis
      were significantly higher in those patients treated by repair and decompressive
      enterostomy with or without a serosal patch than in those with repair or
      resection. The severity of duodenal and associated organ injuries, as well as the
      clinical status, were similar in both groups. It is concluded that the majority
      of duodenal injuries from penetrating trauma may be treated effectively by
      primary repair, and that the use of decompressive enterostomy or serosal patch
      appears to contribute to an increased morbidity rate.

PMID- 4015220
TI  - A new type of sliding hiatus hernia.
AB  - A series of patients showing a previously unrecognized type of sliding hiatus
      hernia is presented and analyzed. This type of hernia is characterized by reflux
      of the mucous membrane of the Hiss angle into the lumen of the esophagus. The
      occurrence of mucosal prolapse is a secondary phase of gastroesophageal reflux.
      The mucous plug prevents further reflux of the acid contents of the stomach into
      the esophagus and mouth. After the appearance of mucosal prolapse, the symptoms
      and signs of esophagitis disappear. The most characteristic complaint of the
      patients is retrosternal pain on lying and bending down. Endoscopy with
      provocative tests reveals the mucosal prolapse. Tooth erosions due to previous
      acid reflux into the mouth are diagnostic. The symptoms of this new subtype of
      sliding hiatus hernia were cured by the Nissen fundoplication.

PMID- 4015221
TI  - Is there an association between failed antireflux procedures and delayed gastric
      emptying?
AB  - Recurrence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms following antireflux surgery is a
      difficult clinical problem. Sixteen patients (6 men, 10 women; median age 59;
      range 33-75 years) with a positive endoscopy or pH-probe-assessed acid reflux and
      recurrence of reflux symptoms following a fundoplication underwent radionuclide
      solid and liquid gastric emptying studies. The median time between operation and
      gastric emptying study was 39 months (range 13-89 months). A control group of 21
      patients (10 men, 11 women; median age 47; range 19-72 years) who had undergone a
      standard fundoplication was similarly studied 6 months following surgery. The per
      cent of solid remaining at 100 minutes in the stomach had a median value of 43%
      (range 5-89) in the control group. This was significantly less (p less than
      0.0001) than in the failed operative group (median 66%, range 27-100). Similarly,
      the time taken for 50% of the liquid to leave the stomach had a median value of
      13 minutes (range 8-27) in the control group; a value significantly less (p less
      than 0.01) than the failed operative group (median 18.5 min, range 2-60). It is
      not known whether the delayed emptying in the failed operative group is
      responsible for the failure of the antireflux surgery. However, delay in gastric
      emptying either before or after surgery may be of value in predicting patients
      likely to have poor outcomes.

PMID- 4015223
TI  - The relation between carcinoma of the gallbladder and an anomalous connection
      between the choledochus and the pancreatic duct.
AB  - An anomalous connection between the choledochus and the pancreatic duct may be
      associated etiologically or pathogenetically with congenital biliary dilation and
      carcinoma of the dilated bile duct. During the past 10 years, a total of 14 cases
      of carcinoma of the gallbladder with an anomalous connection between the
      choledochus and the pancreatic duct were encountered. These cases were studied in
      reference to their clinical features and histological findings. An experimental
      model of pancreatic juice inflow into the gallbladder of mongrel dogs was
      produced and the histological changes of the mucosa of that organ was observed.
      The intent was to elucidate the relationship between carcinoma of the gallbladder
      and this anomaly. The results of this clinical and experimental study suggest
      that reflux and stasis of pancreatic juice in the gallbladder induce chronic
      cholecystitis with intestinal metaplasia. This may be important in the
      pathogenesis of well-differentiated carcinoma of the gallbladder.

PMID- 4015222
TI  - Abdominal CT scanning in critically ill surgical patients.
AB  - Clinical parameters, intensive care unit (ICU) course, abdominal computed
      tomography (CT) scans, and the clinical decisions of 53 critically ill patients
      were reviewed to determine the influence of the CT scan. No scans were positive
      before the eighth day. Sensitivity was 48% and specificity, 64%. Seventeen (23%)
      scans of the 72 provided beneficial results: eight localized abscesses that were
      drained; nine were negative and not operated on. Five (7%) scans provided
      detrimental information: scan negative with abscess discovered or scan positive
      but negative laparotomy. Fifty (70%) scans were either of no help or not used in
      management. The mortality rate was 50% when CT led to an intervention, and 47% in
      the entire group. Hospital charges were +33,408. Personnel time and cost were 497
      hours and +3658; of the total +37,066, 77% (+28,541) could be considered wasted.
      From these data, it was concluded that CT scans should be used to confirm
      abscesses, not to search for a source of sepsis.

PMID- 4015224
TI  - Hepatic resection for metastatic colon and rectal cancer. An evaluation of
      preoperative and postoperative factors.
AB  - Hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer has been reported in over 700
      patients. However, approximately 5000 patients each year are candidates for
      surgical excision. Since 1972, 25 patients have undergone hepatic resection for
      colorectal metastases at New York University. Potentially curable synchronous
      lesions were detected by preoperative liver chemistries and operative palpation.
      Patients were screened for metachronous lesions by serial liver chemistries and
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations; when clinical findings or
      laboratory findings were either positive or equivocal, then scanning techniques
      were used. Most patients had solitary lesions (20). Thirteen of 25 lesions were
      synchronous; 12 were metachronous. Anatomic lobectomy was performed in 13
      patients (6 extended resections); and wedge resection was performed in 12. The
      operative mortality rate was four per cent; the 2-year survival rate, 65%; the 5
      year survival rate, 25%. Hypertonic dextrose solutions were administered during
      and after operation. Post-operative albumin requirements ranged from 200 to 300
      grams/day. Coagulation factors II, V, VII, and fibrinogen decreased after surgery
      to 30 to 50% of their preoperative levels. Subsequent elevation of these factors
      correlated with increased bile production and improvement in liver chemistries 10
      to 14 days after operation. At present, hepatic resection for colorectal
      metastases provides the only potential method of salvage, offering a 20 to 25%
      long-term survival rate.

PMID- 4015225
TI  - Oophorectomy and colon cancer. Impact on survival.
AB  - Data on survival and survival free-from-recurrence were analyzed retrospectively
      in a group of 571 women who had undergone curative resection for colon cancer at
      the Mayo Clinic between 1972 and 1978. Of these women, 75 (group 1) had required
      bilateral oophorectomy before or at colon resection, while 496 (group 2) retained
      one or both ovaries. Average age, location and grade of tumor, and duration of
      follow-up were similar for both groups. Five-year-survival rate for the 571 women
      was 73.6%, as compared with 84.3% for matched controls. The 5-year survival rates
      were not significantly different for group 1 (78.0%) and group 2 (72.9%). Five
      year survival free-from-recurrence also was not significantly different (82.9%,
      group 1 and 79.5%, group 2). Women in group 1 who had grade 1 or 2 tumors or
      lesions in the sigmoid and cecum fared the best (no significant difference from
      controls). Incidence studies of ovarian metastases from colon cancers suggest
      that three to eight per cent of women should benefit from bilateral oophorectomy.
      This agrees with the difference in survival observed between groups 1 and 2 in
      this study. Our sample size is too small to statistically confirm the reliability
      of this difference. The design of a prospective study testing this hypothesis is
      outlined.

PMID- 4015226
TI  - Preoperative radiation therapy for clinically resectable adenocarcinoma of the
      rectum.
AB  - This is an analysis of 71 patients with clinically resectable adenocarcinoma of
      the rectum treated with preoperative irradiation and surgery at the University of
      Florida from July 1975 through December 1981. Seven patients were found to have
      liver metastasis at surgery; six had a complete resection of their primary rectal
      lesion and one had an incomplete resection of the rectal tumor. The remaining 64
      patients had no evidence of metastasis at the time of surgery and underwent a
      complete resection of their rectal cancer. In the early years of the trial, the
      maximum tumor dose consisted of 3000 to 3500 rad in 3.5 to 4 weeks; the dose was
      subsequently increased to 4500 rad in 5 weeks. Patients were taken to surgery
      between 2 and 11 weeks (mean, 3.5 weeks) following the completion of radiation
      therapy. All patients have a minimum follow-up of 3 years and 63% have a minimum
      follow-up of 5 years. The acute complications of treatment have been acceptable,
      with only one patient requiring a treatment rest for moist desquamation of the
      perineum. All patients completed the irradiation course and all were operated on.
      Pathologic examination of the surgical specimen revealed no tumor in 11%, and the
      incidence of positive lymph nodes was 19%, which was half the incidence of
      positive lymph nodes in a series of historical controls treated from 1959 to 1976
      with surgery alone. Comparison of patients treated with preoperative irradiation
      and surgery with those treated with surgery alone revealed that the postoperative
      complications have been similar in incidence, distribution, and severity. There
      have been no postoperative deaths. The overall incidence of local-regional
      recurrence is 5/64 (7.8%), and the combined incidence of local-regional
      recurrence and/or distant metastasis is 18/64 (28%). The incidence of local
      regional recurrence by preoperative dose is 3/23 (13%) for doses of 3000 to 3500
      rad and 2/41 (5%) for doses of 4000 to 5000 rad. The 5-year local-regional
      failure rate is 3/40 (7.5%) for the group irradiated before surgery, and 39/135
      (29%) for the historical controls managed by surgery alone (significance level =
      0.015). The 5-year determinate disease-free survival is 27/38 (71%) for the
      patients irradiated before surgery, and 47/114 (41%) for the historical group of
      patients treated with surgery alone (significance level = 0.008).

PMID- 4015227
TI  - Hormonal role of adenosine in maintaining patency of the ductus arteriosus in
      fetal lambs.
AB  - The hypothesis that endogenously released adenosine plays an important role in
      maintaining patency of the fetal lamb ductus arteriosus was tested. The design of
      the study was (1) to determine the effect, if any, of exogenous adenosine on
      blood flow through the ductus arteriosus and (2) to evaluate the relationship
      among the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, circulating endogenous
      plasma adenosine concentration, and the rate of blood flow through the ductus.
      When exogenous adenosine (5 mumoles) was administered during oxygen-induced
      ductal constriction, ductal blood flow increased from 101 +/- 6 ml/min to 153 +/-
      4 ml/min (p less than 0.01). When fetal blood adenosine concentrations were
      measured during nonventilation and ventilation with 100% oxygen, endogenous
      adenosine concentrations fell to less than one-half of the preventilation levels,
      i.e., from 1.12 +/- 0.17 to 0.49 +/- 0.03 microM (p less than 0.01). Finally,
      when fetal lambs were ventilated with increasing concentrations of oxygen (0%,
      10%, 20%, 60%, and 100%) and measurements obtained simultaneously at each level,
      there was a significant monoexponential relationship among the rise in PO2, the
      fall in plasma adenosine concentration, and the decrease in ductal blood flow.
      These data suggest that: (1) adenosine is a potent vasodilator of the lamb ductus
      arteriosus during oxygen-induced vasoconstriction; (2) fetal endogenous plasma
      adenosine levels fall significantly when PO2 is increased; and (3) the fall in
      adenosine concentrations parallels a decrease in ductal blood flow. The findings
      suggest that the endogenous vasodilator adenosine plays an important role in
      maintaining ductal patency in utero.

PMID- 4015228
TI  - Sequential changes in circulating total protein and albumin masses after
      abdominal vascular surgery.
AB  - Sequential changes in total circulating protein (TCP) and total circulating
      albumin (TCA) masses after different blood replacement regimens were investigated
      in a prospective study involving 40 patients undergoing reconstructive abdominal
      aortic surgery. Group I (13 patients) had 80 gm of albumin during operation and
      60 gm of albumin during the following 3 days. Blood loss was replaced milliliter
      for milliliter by whole blood. Group II (14 patients) had the same blood
      substitution but no albumin. In group III (13 patients), 800 ml of blood loss was
      replaced by salt water. Maximum decrease in TCP (group II: 17%, group III: 29%)
      was found 4 hours after the operation. On postoperative day 1, protein
      mobilization to plasma equalling 10% of TCP had occurred. On day 4, TCP and
      plasma colloid osmotic pressure had not changed in group I, indicating an
      unchanged TCA/TCP ratio. In groups II and III, a significant decrease in TCP was
      followed by complete recovery of TCP. This also entailed a decrease in the
      TCA/TCP ratio, indicating an enhanced synthesis of acute-phase proteins. Based on
      these findings, a depression of globulin synthesis by supplemental albumin
      administration is proposed.

PMID- 4015229
TI  - Vascular access for hemodialysis. Patency rates and results of revision.
AB  - Over a 4-year interval, 324 arteriovenous conduits were created in 256 patients
      with end-stage renal disease as access for chronic hemodialysis. These included
      154 Cimino fistulae, 163 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts, and seven
      miscellaneous grafts. Satisfactory patency rates were demonstrated for as long as
      4 years for both Cimino fistulae and PTFE grafts by life-table analysis. Failures
      of Cimino fistulae usually occurred early in the postoperative period, secondary
      to attempts to use inadequate veins. Thrombosis caused the majority of PTFE graft
      failures and was generally the result of venous stenosis. Correction of such
      venous stenosis is mandatory to restore graft patency and can result in prolonged
      graft survival.

PMID- 4015230
TI  - Lung vascular injury with protease infusion. Relationship to plasma fibronectin.
AB  - Fibronectin exists in a soluble form in plasma and in an insoluble form in
      tissues. Plasma fibronectin can modulate phagocytic function as well as
      incorporate into the tissue matrix where it is believed to influence
      microvascular integrity and tissue repair. The temporal alterations in plasma and
      lung lymph fibronectin were studied in relation to increased pulmonary vascular
      permeability induced by protease infusion. The acute sheep lung lymph fistula
      model was used. A 39% decrease in plasma fibronectin (control = 421 +/- 67
      micrograms/ml) was observed 2.5 hours (255 +/- 43 micrograms/ml) after protease
      infusion. There was an elevation of lymph fibronectin early after protease
      infusion, followed by a progressive decline. Concomitant with the decrease in
      plasma fibronectin, an increase in lymph flow (QL) of greater than 200% (from a
      control of 6.7 +/- 1.0 ml/hr to 13.9 +/- 1.4 ml/hr) was observed within 2.5
      hours. Also, there was a sustained elevation in the total protein lymph/plasma
      concentration (L/P) ratio, which was maximal at 2.5 hours. The transvascular
      protein clearance (TVPC = QL X L/P) was 4.5 +/- 0.7 ml/hr at the control period
      and 13.1 +/- 2.0 ml/hr by 2.5 hours. This was indicative of increased flux of
      protein-rich fluid across the pulmonary endothelial barrier. Lung vascular
      permeability stabilized after 2.5 hours as manifested by a slowly declining L/P
      ratio. Thus, plasma fibronectin deficiency may contribute to the etiology of
      increased lung vascular permeability with protease infusion. Since the
      progressive decline in plasma fibronectin was not reflected in a proportional
      increase in lymph fibronectin, plasma fibronectin may have sequestered in tissues
      such as the lung, or perhaps in reticuloendothelial cells during the injury
      phase. Whether the progressive decrease in plasma fibronectin reflects its
      incorporation into the endothelial barrier matrix where it may mediate
      stabilization of the pulmonary microvascular barrier remains to be determined.

PMID- 4015233
TI  - Total trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty. Report on seventeen cases of de generative
      arthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint.
AB  - The authors have studied the results of 17 total trapeziometacarpal
      arthroplasties, performed in 15 patents between 1973 and 1983. The indications
      were essentially arthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint either isolated or
      associated with peritrapezial lesions. The mean follow-up period was 3 years, the
      extremes ranged from 1 to 10 years. Results were judged as good in 13 cases,
      average in one case with 3 failures. Good results allow to recuperate complete
      mobility with adequate strength and stability.. The key point of this study was
      that first, cemented total arthroplasty does not represent a surgical escalade, a
      repeat operation is always possible in case of failure, and second, the concept
      of peritrapezial arthritis, and especially Crosby's stage 1 or stage 2
      scaphotrapezial arthritis, is not a contraindication for total trapeziometacarpal
      arthroplasty. The best indications seems to be intense Dell's stage 3 or stage 4
      trapeziometacarpal arthritis either isolated or associated with moderated
      peritrapezial arthritis. Two elements must be particularly studied before
      thinking about total trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty: the size, the consistancy
      and the configuration of trapezium; the degree of eventually associated
      scaphotrapezial arthritis.

PMID- 4015231
TI  - Septic complications of corticosteroid administration after central nervous
      system trauma.
AB  - The records of 197 consecutive multiple trauma patients were reviewed to define
      the infectious complications of corticosteroids used to treat brain and spinal
      cord injury. An injury severity score (ISS) and a central nervous system (CNS)
      injury score were determined for each patient. Patients with an ISS less than 20
      did well with or without steroids and were excluded from further study. All
      deaths that occurred 5 or more days after injury were caused by sepsis, and all
      occurred in steroid recipients. Twenty-nine of 61 steroid-treated early survivors
      developed infectious complications, compared to eight of 55 patients who did not
      receive steroids (47.5% vs. 14.5%, p less than 0.001). There was no correlation
      between severity of CNS trauma and infectious complication rate. Steroid-treated
      patients frequently developed multiple pathogen primary infections and multiple,
      simultaneous septic foci. Patients treated with steroids more often developed
      infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, assorted gram negative rods, anerobic
      bacteria, or fungi. The study strongly suggests a significant increase in both
      the incidence and severity of infectious complications occurring in patients
      treated with corticosteroids for CNS trauma.

PMID- 4015232
TI  - Neurogenic hypertension: etiology and surgical treatment. II. Observations in an
      experimental nonhuman primate model.
AB  - In a companion paper (Ann Surg 1985; 201(3):391-398), clinical data which suggest
      that neurogenic hypertension may be caused by arterial compression of the left
      medulla oblongata was presented. A chronic pathophysiologic animal model of
      neurogenic hypertension using a substitute for arterial pulsation, the
      neurovascular compression simulator (NCS), was developed. This paper presents
      data that demonstrate how development of hypertension in a nonhuman primate
      baboon (5 subject animals, 5 control animals) can be caused by the NCS, and the
      blood pressure can subsequently return to normal following cessation of NCS
      activity. These experiments show that pulsatile compression of the left
      ventrolateral medulla oblongata results in cardiovascular changes consistent with
      the sequence found in human neurogenic hypertension. Arteriosclerosis and
      arterial ectasia in the human contribute to arterial elongation and looping at
      the base of the brain. An arterial loop, by causing pulsatile compression of
      neural structures, elicits an increase in blood pressure initiated by an increase
      in cardiac output. This may be due to interference with the autonomic control of
      the heart and/or by alteration of the relative capacitance of the vascular
      system.

PMID- 4015234
TI  - The metacarpophalangeal stabilization test beevor or bouvier?
AB  - In a claw hand by ulnar and median nerve palsy if the digits are stabilized in
      order to prevent overextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints, the long
      extensor alone can fully extend all phalanges. Based on the proximal
      interphalangeal stiffness evaluated by this test (in more than 200 claw hands I
      have had the opportunity to operate in over 20 years), I would like to propose a
      simple therapeutic plan for palliative surgery. Some have recognized Beevor as
      the author of this test in 1903, but, it seems as though it was Bouvier who first
      described it in 1851. In any case, rather than using a name, why not just call it
      "the metacarpophalangeal stabilization test"?

PMID- 4015235
TI  - Hand injuries caused by high pressure injection. Contribution of loco-regional
      anaesthesia.
AB  - In a reported case of accidental high pressure injection of white spirit into a
      finger, the authors emphasise the great contribution of regional anaesthesia
      maintained from the initial trauma until the lesions are stable. Trauma to the
      hand caused by injection of paint or grease solvents results in tissue
      destruction and later necrosis and fibrosis. Secondary amputations are required
      in many cases. Regional anaesthesia of the stellate ganglion and brachial plexus
      produces analgesia and vasodilatation of peripheral arteries by inhibition of the
      sympathetic tone. This vasodilatation limits the necrotic process and promotes
      the supply of drugs to the injured tissues. Regional anaesthesia is of great
      benefit for surgical excision and avoids extended amputation.

PMID- 4015236
TI  - New facts about hand control-kinaesthesia.
AB  - In the cases of major losses, kinaesthesia has to be evaluated in reconstructive
      arm and hand surgery if adequate functional results are to be obtained. Differing
      from earlier teaching, experimental work has shown that the dominating afferent
      receptor system for proprioception is located in the skin, not in joints or in
      the musculotendineous system. This fact must be taken in account in planning
      surgery as well as in the following (re-)education and training.

PMID- 4015237
TI  - [Sarcoidosis of the hand].
AB  - A case of a tumor-like lesion (pseudotumor) of sarcoidosis is reported. It was a
      recurrence of a soft tissue tumor in the hand. Diagnosis was made by pathological
      examination and led to the detection of the general disease.

PMID- 4015238
TI  - The extensor apparatus in Dupuytren's disease.
AB  - If we study the secondary changes in the extensor mechanism we can see changes at
      each of the three joint levels which are responsible for incomplete correction of
      the deformity after apparently adequate surgery on the palmar aspect. At the DIP
      level the flexion may not be restored until tenotomy of this secondarily
      contracted extensor tendon is performed. At the PIP level the middle slip may be
      used as a "lively splint" capable of progressive post-operative straightening of
      this joint if tenotomy over the middle phalanx is used. At the MP joint of the
      little finger ulnar subluxation of the extensor tendons may produce persistent MP
      flexion although passively correctable, and relocation of the extensors at this
      level may occasionally be indicated to correct this persisting disability.

PMID- 4015240
TI  - Comparison of the effectiveness of myocardial preservation in right atrium and
      left ventricle.
AB  - Ten patients underwent cardiac operations during which myocardial preservation
      was provided by systemic hypothermia, topical cardiac cooling, and cold blood
      cardioplegia. The duration of ischemia ranged from 45 to 142 minutes (mean, 84.2
      +/- 36.2 minutes). Two serial specimens (preischemic and ischemic) were obtained
      from the right atrium and the left ventricle, respectively; thus, a total of 40
      biopsy specimens was obtained from these 10 patients. A combination of grading of
      ischemic injury and stereological morphometric measurement of mitochondria was
      performed to assess the effectiveness of myocardial preservation. Our findings
      from the mitochondrial score studies (grading of ischemic injury) were as
      follows. In the right atrium, the average mitochondrial score rose from 0.337 +/-
      0.235 in the preischemic stage to 1.969 +/- 0.492 in the ischemic stage. In
      contrast, the average mitochondrial score for the left ventricle was only
      elevated from 0.380 +/- 0.161 to 1.353 +/- 0.396. The difference between
      preischemia of the right atrium and left ventricle is not statistically
      significant, but the difference between ischemia of these chambers is significant
      (p less than 0.01). Our stereological morphometric studies revealed that in the
      left ventricle, the average mitochondrial surface area was 0.316 +/- 0.046 micron
      2 in the preischemic stage and 0.347 +/- 0.073 micron 2 in the ischemic stage, a
      9.8% increase in mitochondrial size (not significant). In contrast, the
      mitochondrial surface area of the right atrium showed a mean increase of 65.8%,
      from 0.231 +/- 0.038 micron 2 in the preischemic stage to 0.383 +/- 0.057 micron
      2 in the ischemic stage (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015239
TI  - Effect of carnitine on myocardial function and metabolism following global
      ischemia.
AB  - Carnitine has therapeutic potential for the postischemic heart by facilitating
      the oxidation of acylated fatty acid metabolites, the intracellular accumulation
      of which has a deleterious effect on myocardial function and metabolism. To test
      this hypothesis, two groups of dogs were given preischemic treatment with
      carnitine, 50 mg per kilogram of body weight (Group 1) or 100 mg/kg (Group 2),
      and were compared with untreated controls (N = 12 for all groups). The canine
      hearts underwent 30 minutes of global 37 degrees C ischemic arrest with
      reperfusion. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function was assessed by an
      intracavitary balloon while metabolic derangements were quantitated by serial
      myocardial biopsies assayed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Comparable 49 to
      53% (p less than 0.01) declines in preischemic ATP levels occurred during the
      study period in the controls and both experimental groups. However, postischemic
      systolic left ventricular function was better preserved in Group 2: these hearts
      generated 61 +/- 3% of preischemic peak developed pressure compared with 37 +/-
      4% in the controls and 42 +/- 3% in Group 1 (p less than 0.01 for each), and 60
      +/- 2% of preischemic maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure as
      opposed to 45 +/- 4% in the controls and 49 +/- 6% in Group 1 (p less than 0.02
      for each).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015241
TI  - The results of valve replacement for mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - Between January, 1975, and December, 1982, 33 patients underwent mitral valve
      replacement for mitral valve prolapse secondary to myxomatous degeneration. The
      majority were in the seventh decade of life (median age, 62 years), and all were
      seen with symptoms of mitral regurgitation. Echocardiography was more accurate in
      making the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse more often (75%) than angiography
      (66%). Thirty-eight percent of the patients who underwent cineangiography had
      concomitant coronary artery disease and had coronary artery bypass grafting as
      well as mitral valve replacement. There was 1 operative death, an operative
      mortality of 3%. There were 6 late deaths, a late mortality of 18%. Of the 26
      long-term survivors, 23 (88%) were in New York Heart Association Functional Class
      I and 3 (12%) were in Class II. The average length of follow-up was 33.25 months,
      and the 5-year actuarial survival was 76%. There was only one incident of
      thromboembolism (3%). Short-term and long-term survival were not related to the
      severity of mitral regurgitation but to the status of the left ventricle and the
      overall condition of the patient. These data suggest that older patients with
      severe mitral regurgitation secondary to mitral valve prolapse can undergo valve
      replacement with low operative mortality and gratifying long-term results.

PMID- 4015242
TI  - Changing trends in the surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta.
AB  - From 1974 through 1983, 107 patients 4 days to 27 years old underwent 115
      operations for treatment of coarctation of the aorta. Thirty-two patients were
      infants (1 year old or younger), and 28 of them were newborns. All newborns were
      seen with congestive heart failure. Seventy-one patients were seen with
      hypertension. Associated anomalies were present in 72 patients (67%). Resection
      was performed in 48 patients, patch aortoplasty in 16, bypass of the coarcted
      segment in 15, and left subclavian artery flap angioplasty (LSAFA) in 36.
      Ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus was simultaneously performed in 28
      patients and pulmonary artery banding, in 4. Follow-up was 6 months to 9.2 years.
      There was a significant difference in aortic cross-clamp time between 26 patients
      who had resection (37.9 +/- 12.9 minutes) (mean +/- standard deviation) and 32
      patients who had LSAFA (22.9 +/- 7.7 minutes) (p less than 0.05). Six patients
      died within thirty days after operation; 5 of them had resection, and 1 had
      bypass. Major postoperative complications included bleeding requiring exploration
      in 3 patients (2 after resection and 1 after LSAFA) and paraplegia in 1 patient
      after reoperation (resection) for recurrent coarctation 3 years after patch
      aortoplasty. Paradoxical hypertension was observed in 13 patients, and sustained
      systemic postoperative hypertension developed in 11 after effective repair of
      coarctation. There was no significant difference in early postoperative arm-leg
      pressure gradients between the types of operation or the various age
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015243
TI  - Reoperation for aortic coarctation: techniques, results, and indications for
      various approaches.
AB  - To define the safety and efficacy of operation for recurrent thoracic aortic
      coarctation, we reviewed the hospital records and subsequent courses of 53
      patients who underwent such procedures over a 23-year period. Previous operations
      included end-to-end anastomosis, prosthetic patch or subclavian flap aortoplasty,
      and prosthetic interposition or bypass grafts, performed in patients ranging from
      1 day to 44 years old. Several different reoperative procedures were used,
      including an ascending-descending aortic bypass graft in 4 patients who had had
      two previous repairs. There were no hospital or late deaths and only 3 relatively
      minor complications. Only 2 patients have hypertension requiring drug therapy at
      follow-up, which now averages 7 years. We conclude that operative management of
      severe, recurrent coarctation is both safe and effective, and that several
      techniques of reconstruction may have a place in such therapy.

PMID- 4015244
TI  - The value of computed tomography in staging bronchogenic carcinoma: a changing
      role for mediastinoscopy.
AB  - Forty-one patients underwent operative staging for bronchogenic carcinoma
      following computed tomography of the mediastinum between August, 1982, and March,
      1984. Twenty-seven patients were classified as Stage I preoperatively; in 2 of
      them, positive mediastinal nodes were found at thoracotomy. For the 14 patients
      in whom positive nodes had been identified by computed tomographic (CT) scanning,
      staging was unchanged as a result of the findings at mediastinoscopy or
      thoracotomy or both. In this series, computed tomography had a sensitivity of
      89%, a specificity of 100%, and an overall accuracy rate of 95%. We conclude that
      mediastinoscopy is not needed in patients without evidence of mediastinal nodal
      enlargement by CT scan; when performed, it should be guided toward those nodes
      identified as positive.

PMID- 4015245
TI  - The biological operability of stage III non-small cell lung cancer.
AB  - Stage III non-small cell lung cancer represents a broad spectrum of anatomical
      and histological subsets of patients with differing biological characteristics
      and prognostic expectations. Our experience with 161 consecutive patients
      undergoing complete resection for Stage III non-small cell lung cancer at the M.
      D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute from 1965 through 1980 includes 69
      patients with T3 N0 or N1 disease and 92 patients with an N2 classification. The
      cumulative 5-year survival overall was 30%: 35.6% for the T3 N0 or N1 group and
      26% for the N2 patients. Seventy-three patients had squamous cell carcinoma and
      76, adenocarcinoma. Small numbers of patients had other miscellaneous
      classifications (N = 12). In the T3 N0 or N1 subset, 43% of the patients with
      squamous cell carcinoma (N = 37) and 23% of those with adenocarcinoma (N = 25)
      survived 5 years. In the N2 subset, 39% of the patients with squamous cell
      carcinoma (N = 36) and 14% of the group with adenocarcinoma (N = 52) achieved
      long-term survival. Failure of treatment was clinically documented in 61
      patients. The first observed recurrence or metastasis was at a distant site in
      the majority of these patients. Operative intervention for patients with Stage
      III M0 non-small cell lung cancer is effective and reflects the impact and
      limitations of resection on disease progression. Adjuvant irradiation was not
      shown to improve the outcome over the results of operation alone. Effective
      systemic therapy will be required to produce substantial changes in end results.

PMID- 4015246
TI  - Strut fracture and disc embolization in Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prostheses:
      diagnosis and management.
AB  - Mechanical failure of the Bjork-Shiley tilting disc prosthesis is a rare but
      catastrophic complication of the valve. Several previously reported cases of
      major strut fracture with disc embolization led to improvements in the structure
      of the prosthesis. A case of minor strut fracture in the improved convexoconcave
      model of the Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis is described. The literature on
      mechanical failures in the Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis is reviewed, and
      recommendations for recognition and management of this problem are made.

PMID- 4015247
TI  - Management of an infected mucocele occurring in a bypassed excluded esophageal
      segment.
AB  - An infected mucocele of an excluded retained esophageal segment is an
      infrequently reported complication of esophageal bypass surgery. The subtle
      symptoms of this entity and its management are discussed.

PMID- 4015248
TI  - Delayed closure of the median sternotomy incision.
AB  - Attempts to close a median sternotomy incision in the patient with profound
      cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction following a cardiac surgical procedure can
      result in severe hemodynamic deterioration. Delayed sternal closure in this
      setting may be a lifesaving technique. A method is described for delayed sternal
      closure that employs a temporary impermeable rubber patch sutured to the
      presternal fascia.

PMID- 4015249
TI  - Techniques to maximize mammary artery length.
AB  - The available length of the internal mammary artery has limited its versatility
      as a bypass conduit. Several techniques for increasing usable internal mammary
      artery length are described.

PMID- 4015251
TI  - Diathermy-induced loss of DDD pacemaker identity.

PMID- 4015250
TI  - Thoracic surgical problems in asbestos-related disorders.
AB  - Among 1,577 persons with asbestos exposure followed up from 3 to 30 years, 113
      had thoracic surgical procedures for asbestos-related disorders. Twenty-six
      individuals suspected of having asbestosis with atypical features underwent open
      lung biopsy; a different disease was revealed in 14. Most of the 29 patients with
      mesothelioma had a small thoracotomy for diagnosis only; chemotherapy in half of
      them proved entirely ineffective. Experience with 23 patients with bronchogenic
      carcinoma did not differ from that in persons not exposed to asbestos. Problems
      of causal relationship are discussed. Most of the 68 individuals with benign
      asbestos pleural effusion had no symptoms, but because of recurrence, 15 were
      operated on for decortication or for possible mesothelioma. Hyaline plaques often
      were mistaken for lung, rib, or diaphragmatic tumors, and sometimes mesothelioma
      was suspected. Operative intervention in the 24 patients with plaques could have
      been avoided by obtaining a more detailed occupational history and reviewing
      previous chest roentgenograms, which invariably showed identical or smaller
      plaques from 2 to 17 years earlier.

PMID- 4015252
TI  - Identification of right coronary ostium.

PMID- 4015253
TI  - Closure of postpneumonectomy empyema space.

PMID- 4015254
TI  - Manual external aortic counterpulsation.

PMID- 4015255
TI  - Noncoronary collateral blood flow.

PMID- 4015256
TI  - Intracavitary coronary arteries.

PMID- 4015257
TI  - Selective decrease of hypothalamic noradrenaline by cysteamine.
AB  - In dose studies, cysteamine pretreatment in a dose of 200 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg
      (subcutaneously, s.c.) markedly decreased the hypothalamic noradenaline content,
      but did not influence the dopamine and serotonin contents. In time studies,
      pretreatment with cysteamine in a dose of 300 mg/kg (s.c.) led to markedly
      decreased hypothalamic noradrenaline contents 4 hr, 8 hr and 12 hr after
      treatment. These results suggest that cysteamine treatment selectively decreases
      the hypothalamic noradrenaline content in dose- and time-related manners.

PMID- 4015258
TI  - Effects of adenosine triphosphate on neuron activities in the lateral and medial
      vestibular nuclei.
AB  - Electrophysiological studies were carried out to elucidate the effects of
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the vestibular nuclei of cats anesthetized with
      alpha-chloralose. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of ATP in doses of 0.5-2.0
      mg/kg produced an enhancement of spike generation with vestibular nerve
      stimulation and spontaneous firing in both monosynaptic and polysynaptic neurons
      in the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) as well as in the medial vestibular
      nucleus (MVN). These effects of ATP, however, were not dose-dependent. In
      contrast, iontophoretic application of ATP up to 200 nA had only negligible
      effect on spike generation of mono- and polysynaptic neurons in the LVN and those
      in the MVN upon vestibular nerve stimulation. The results suggest that the
      enhancement of neuron activities in the vestibular nuclei following i.v.
      injection of ATP is due to the indirect effect probably resulting from an
      increase in blood flow in the brain, but not to a direct, excitatory effect of
      the drug on the neurons themselves.

PMID- 4015259
TI  - Adaptation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism to repeated hypoxic-normoxic
      exposures and drug treatment.
AB  - Muscular glycolytic fuels, intermediates and end-products (glycogen, glucose,
      glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate, lactate), Krebs cycle intermediates (citrate,
      alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, malate), related free amino acids (glutamate,
      alanine), ammonia, energy store (creatine phosphate), energy mediators (ATP, ADP,
      AMP) and energy charge potential were evaluated. Furthermore the maximum rate
      (Vmax) of the following muscular enzyme activities was evaluated in the crude
      extract and/or mitochondrial fraction: for the anaerobic glycolytic pathway:
      hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase; for the
      tricarboxylic acid cycle: citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase; for the
      electron transfer chain: total NADH cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase.
      The rat gastrocnemius muscles were analyzed in normoxia and after repeated,
      alternate hypoxic and normoxic exposures (12 hours of hypoxia daily; for 5 days).
      Naftidrofuryl was administered daily at three different doses: 10, 15 and 22.5
      mg/kg i.m., 30 min before the beginning of the experimental hypoxia. The
      biochemical adaptation to intermittent normobaric hypoxic-normoxic exposures was
      characterized by the decrease of the muscular contents of creatine phosphate,
      citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamate. This adaptation occurred in absence
      of significant changes in the Vmax of the muscle enzymes tested. By naftidrofuryl
      treatment, in gastrocnemius muscle from hypoxic rats both alpha-ketoglutarate and
      creatine phosphate contents maintained normal values, while glutamate
      concentration remained reduced to subnormal values. With the exception of
      hexokinase, naftidrofuryl treatment did not modify the Vmax of marker enzymes
      related to energy transduction.

PMID- 4015260
TI  - The effect of ranitidine on exocrine pancreatic secretion in the rat.
AB  - The effect of the H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine on pancreatic exocrine
      secretion was studied in the rat. In anaesthetized animals with acute fistulas
      pancreatic secretion was induced by central (2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-DG) or
      peripheral (acetylcholine) cholinergic stimulants and by cholecystokinin and
      secretin. In some experiments cimetidine was used as a reference compound.
      Ranitidine (20 mg X kg-1 intraperitoneally) did not change neither basal
      secretion nor the response to the combined hormonal stimulation. On the contrary,
      it significantly increased 2-DG and acetylcholine-stimulated secretion, whereas
      cimetidine (100 mg X kg-1 intraperitoneally) inhibited the pancreatic response to
      2-DG. The different behaviour of the two H2-antagonists suggests that the effect
      of ranitidine is independent of the H2-receptor blockade and most probably
      connected with the cholinergic-like action of the drug.

PMID- 4015261
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of drugs acting on the autonomous nervous system, in
      awake, normotensive and hypertensive rats.
AB  - A study has been carried out in awake normotensive (WKY), spontaneously
      hypertensive (SHR) and renal hypertensive (RHR) rats in order to compare the
      reactivity of the autonomous nervous system using different indwelling
      catheterizations. In all cases, a jugular catheter was implanted for i.v.
      injections. The arterial cannula was implanted in the femoral artery (group 1) or
      in the right carotid artery (group 2), where the catheter was routed over 20 mm
      towards the heart, reaching the aortic arch. The plasma catecholamines levels
      were lower in the RHR than in the WKY or SHR, and whatever the strain, lower in
      group 2 than in group 1. In the WKY and the RHR, the mean blood pressure was
      higher in group 2 than in group 1. The tachycardia induced by isoprenaline and
      the pressor response to noradrenaline were higher in the SHR than in the WKY and
      in the RHR. By contrast, the reflex bradycardia was lower. Furthermore, the
      procedure of catheterization could modify the cardiovascular responses induced by
      adrenergic and cholinergic agents. These results demonstrate that indwelling
      catheterizations cannot be performed safely in the rat when studying effects on
      cardiac performance or vascular reactivity.

PMID- 4015262
TI  - Influence of verapamil on the digoxin-induced inotropic effect in guinea-pig
      isolated atria.
AB  - The nature of the digoxin-verapamil interaction was explored "in vitro" by
      determining the effect of verapamil on digoxin-induced inotropism in isolated
      guinea-pig atria. Verapamil, at concentrations (2.10(-8)-3.10(-8)M) too low to
      have any significant effect on the amplitude or frequency of the basal
      contractile activity, reduced the inotropic action of digoxin in all experimental
      circumstances, i.e. in spontaneously beating atria from reserpine-treated or
      untreated animals, in electrically driven (at 1 Hz frequency stimulation) left
      atria. The results obtained suggest that a competitive antagonism exists between
      verapamil and digoxin. In spontaneously beating atria an apparently competitive
      antagonism was also observed between verapamil and ouabain. The interaction
      observed between cardiac glycosides and the Ca++ channel blocker suggests that
      Ca++ movements across the sarcolemma may influence the inotropic effect of
      digitalis or its toxicity.

PMID- 4015263
TI  - Effect of aprindine, verapamil and nifedipine on ventricular fibrillation
      threshold in isolated rabbit hearts.
AB  - The effect of aprindine, verapamil and nifedipine on electrical stimulation
      threshold (EST) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was studied in
      isolated rabbit hearts. Aprindine steeply raised EST and VFT in a dose-dependent
      manner. With the highest concentration of aprindine tested (0.56 mumol/l),
      protection against electrically-induced ventricular fibrillation was achieved in
      4 out of 6 hearts after 60 min exposure to the drug. Perfusion with verapamil
      (0.1 and 0.2 mumol/l) and nifedipine (0.14 and 0.21 mumol/l) produced significant
      rise in both thresholds. When the hearts were perfused with higher concentration
      (0.3 mumol/l verapamil, 0.28 mumol/l nifedipine), EST and VFT did not continue to
      be increased in a dose-dependent manner but actually dropped below the control
      value in most hearts. These results suggest that the effect of aprindine on EST
      and VFT is different from that of verapamil and nifedipine and further indicate a
      limited effectiveness of these two slow channel blockers against ventricular
      fibrillation.

PMID- 4015264
TI  - Efficacy of disopyramide in comparison with verapamil and propranolol in the
      prevention of acetylcholine-induced atrial fibrillation in the dog.
AB  - The efficacy of verapamil and propranolol was studied in comparison with
      disopyramide on the atrial fibrillation experimentally induced in the dog heart
      in situ by electrical stimulation combined with intra-aortic injection of
      acetylcholine (ACh). After reducing the amplitude and duration of the monophasic
      action potential (MAP) and the duration of the effective refractory period (ERP)
      of the atrial contractile fibres, ACh lowered the fibrillation threshold (FT),
      and, when fibrillation had been elicited, it accelerated the fibrillation rate
      (FR). Verapamil and propranolol failed to prevent atrial fibrillation: they did
      not counteract any of the alterations in the electrophysiological properties of
      the atrial contractile fibres due to ACh. In contrast, disopyramide, at doses
      within the therapeutic range, prevented fibrillation. The fibrillation threshold,
      which fell from 50 mA to 1 mA in the presence of ACh, was restored to control
      values by disopyramide. Disopyramide also antagonized the reduction in amplitude
      of MAP caused by ACh before the triggering of fibrillation and the reductions by
      ACh of the durations of MAP and ERP. Disopyramide first slowed FR, in association
      with an increase in amplitude of fibrillation waves and a tendency to synchronous
      activity, and ultimately terminated the fibrillation.

PMID- 4015265
TI  - Therapeutic range for the control of oral anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 4015266
TI  - Hypouricemia due to renal tubular defect. A study with the probenecid
      pyrazinamide test.
AB  - Hypouricemia with hyperuricosuria due to isolated renal tubular defects are rare
      conditions. Two patients with hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria were studied for
      derangements in the renal urate transport with the combined probenecid
      pyrazinamide test. In the first patient a significant decrease (64.5%) in the
      urate clearance--creatinine clearance ratio was noted after pyrazinamide
      administration, suggesting a post-secretory urate reabsorption defect, whereas
      the significant rise (44.2%) in urate clearance after the administration of
      probenecid indicates that this defect may not be complete. In the second patient
      there was a rise of 96.9% in the urate clearance--creatinine clearance ratio
      after the administration of probenecid and a decline of 31.6% in that ratio after
      pyrazinamide. These results suggest a defect in the presecretory reabsorptive
      site, with a highly significant response most probably of the postsecretory
      reabsorptive site to probenecid.

PMID- 4015267
TI  - Acute interstitial nephritis associated with mezlocillin, nafcillin, and
      gentamicin treatment for Pseudomonas infection.
AB  - Two patients developed acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) following treatment
      with mezlocillin sodium. Diagnosis was made by renal biopsy. Gallium 67 citrate
      scanning was abnormal in both. All patients were receiving multiple-drug therapy,
      but AIN has either not been described with the other drugs, or the temporal
      relationship between the AIN and termination of other drug therapy makes a
      causative relationship unlikely. All were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A
      role for the infecting organism or drug synergism in contributing to the renal
      disease cannot be excluded.

PMID- 4015268
TI  - Evaluation of silicone elastomer catheters for long-term intravenous
      chemotherapy.
AB  - We evaluated the efficacy and the complications of 65 silicone elastomer
      catheters inserted percutaneously for long-term venous access for administration
      of chemotherapy, antibiotics, and blood products in patients with metastatic
      cancer. Treatments were administered either in the hospital or in the outpatient
      clinic, using a portable infusion pump. The median indwelling time of catheters
      was 238 days (range, two to 521). The projected duration of catheter function,
      when the electively removed catheters were censured, was 310 days. Twenty-three
      catheters were removed because of malfunction, while the remaining either were
      discontinued electively (20) or were functioning at the conclusion of the study
      (22). The problems necessitating removal of 23 catheters were inadvertent
      dislodgement from loose sutures (eight), mechanical damage to the catheters
      (four), sepsis (four), phlebitis (four), intraluminal blockage with a clot (two),
      and cellulitis (one). We conclude that silicone elastomer catheters are safe and
      reliable for extended venous access for cancer chemotherapy. They are easy to
      insert and remove and can be replaced with a guide wire without requiring
      surgical intervention.

PMID- 4015269
TI  - Improved mortality in gram-negative bacillary bacteremia.
AB  - From 1979 to 1982, the four years of this study, episodes of gram-negative
      bacillary bacteremia occurred in a 489-bed community teaching hospital--an
      increase of 15.9%. Mortality related to bacteremia was 19.4% overall and only
      3.2% for the 158 episodes involving nonfatal underlying illnesses, lower figures
      than those reported in the past. The severity of underlying illnesses in
      bacteremic patients dominated all other clinical variables that were studied as
      prognostic factors for the outcome of the episode. The same bacteremia-related
      mortality was seen in patients who had empirically received (1) multiple
      antibiotic regimens in which one or more drugs were active against the pathogenic
      organism(s), (2) either an appropriate aminoglycoside or beta-lactam antibiotic
      alone, or (3) both an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a beta-lactam antibiotic
      active against the pathogenic organism(s).

PMID- 4015270
TI  - Decreased platelet aggregation but increased thromboxane A2 generation in
      polycythemia vera.
AB  - Patients with polycythemia vera have been described to have hemorrhagic as well
      as thrombotic tendencies. In a patient with polycythemia vera and angina
      pectoris, we observed markedly decreased platelet aggregation response to
      epinephrine but increased platelet and whole-blood thromboxane A2 generation
      compared with normal subjects. Electron microscopy mostly showed partially
      activated forms of platelets, which may account for decreased aggregation
      response in vitro and hemorrhagic tendencies. Young and large platelets found in
      this disease, however, can generate large amounts of vasoconstrictor and platelet
      proaggregatory prostanoid thromboxane A2 in response to endogenous thrombin,
      which may be a basis for thrombotic tendencies.

PMID- 4015271
TI  - Pancreatic pleuropericardial effusions. Fistulous tracts demonstrated by computed
      tomography.
AB  - Demonstration of the fistulous tract linking pancreatic pseudocysts to the
      mediastinum and pleural cavity has diagnostic and therapeutic implications. In
      four cases, pseudocyst drainage through the esophageal and aortic diaphragmatic
      crus into the mediastinum and pleural cavity was delineated by computed
      tomography. In two cases, significant pericardial effusions were demonstrated.
      Computed tomography offers an effective diagnostic method when treatment is
      dependent on anatomic localization of the disrupted pseudocyst and its
      intrathoracic drainage tract.

PMID- 4015272
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid Histoplasma antibodies in central nervous system
      histoplasmosis.
AB  - We have evaluated the Histoplasma antibody response in the cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) in nine patients with central nervous system histoplasmosis and 98
      controls. While the CSF Histoplasma antibody response identified eight of the
      nine patients, CSF cultures were positive in only two. Of controls with
      histoplasmosis but without meningitis (13 patients), or without histoplasmosis
      (85 patients), elevated CSF antibodies were detected by complement fixation in
      seven, by IgG radioimmunoassay in 17, and by IgM radioimmunoassay in five.
      Measurement of the CSF Histoplasma antibody response appears useful for
      identifying meningitis in patients with histoplasmosis, although cross-reactions
      occur in half of patients with other forms of chronic fungal meningitis. Patients
      with these other infections can usually be identified by tests for CSF
      Coccidioides antibodies, or cryptococcal antigens.

PMID- 4015273
TI  - The support of clinical research and training by the National Institutes of
      Health. Introduction to the symposium.

PMID- 4015275
TI  - Ambulatory care training. The myth and the reality.

PMID- 4015274
TI  - Early diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 4015276
TI  - The 'chagrin factor' and qualitative decision analysis.

PMID- 4015277
TI  - The automated complete blood cell count. Use of the red blood cell volume
      distribution width and mean platelet volume in evaluating anemia and
      thrombocytopenia.
AB  - The availability of automated blood cell analyzers that provide an index of red
      blood cell volume distribution width (RDW) and a mean platelet volume (MPV) has
      led to new approaches to patients with anemia and thrombocytopenia. The RDW,
      which measures heterogeneity of the red blood cell population, complements the
      mean corpuscular volume in the differential diagnosis of anemia based on
      peripheral blood analysis. The MPV varies inversely but nonlinearly with the
      platelet count in normal individuals and is of value in assessing platelet
      production in the thrombocytopenic patient. The clinical applications of the RDW
      and MPV, which are currently reported on most routine blood cell counts, are
      discussed.

PMID- 4015278
TI  - Polymyalgia rheumatica.

PMID- 4015279
TI  - Physiology of the splanchnic circulation.
AB  - The splanchnic circulation is composed of gastric, small intestinal, colonic,
      pancreatic, hepatic, and splenic circulations, arranged in parallel with one
      another. The three major arteries that supply the splanchnic organs, cellac and
      superior and inferior mesenteric, give rise to smaller arteries that anastomose
      extensively. The circulation of some splanchnic organs is complicated by the
      existence of an intramural circulation. Redistribution of total blood flow
      between intramural vascular circuits may be as important as total blood flow.
      Numerous extrinsic and intrinsic factors influence the splanchnic circulation.
      Extrinsic factors include general hemodynamic conditions of the cardiovascular
      system, autonomic nervous system, and circulating neurohumoral agents. Intrinsic
      mechanisms include special properties of the vasculature, local metabolites,
      intrinsic nerves, paracrine substances, and local hormones. The existence of a
      multiplicity of regulatory mechanisms provides overlapping controls and restricts
      radical changes in tissue perfusion.

PMID- 4015280
TI  - The arrhythmias of digitalis intoxication.

PMID- 4015281
TI  - Hypercalcemia in leprosy.
AB  - We report a case of hypercalcemia in a patient with leprosy. Aminoterminal
      parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol concentrations were
      suppressed. Urinary hydroxyproline concentrations were elevated. There was no
      evidence of malignancy. The hypercalcemia resolved with corticosteroid therapy.

PMID- 4015282
TI  - Hyperkalemic distal renal tubular acidosis and selective aldosterone deficiency.
      Combination in a patient with lead nephropathy.
AB  - A patient with chronic renal failure, a strong history of moonshine abuse, and
      excessive urinary lead excretion had clinical and laboratory measurements
      compatible with combined hyperkalemic distal renal tubular acidosis and the
      syndrome of selective aldosterone deficiency. Extended treatment with
      fludrocortisone acetate, 0.1 to 0.2 mg/day, did not ameliorate acidosis or
      restore potassium excretion.

PMID- 4015283
TI  - Extramedullary hematopoiesis. A cause of severe generalized lymphadenopathy in
      agnogenic myeloid metaplasia.
AB  - Although microscopic evidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis in lymph nodes is a
      frequent finding in autopsy studies of patients with agnogenic myeloid
      metaplasia, clinically significant lymphadenopathy is a rare occurrence. In this
      article we describe an unusual case of severe generalized lymphadenopathy and
      lymphedema secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis in multiple lymph nodes.
      With the use of low-dose radiotherapy, both the lymphadenopathy and lymphedema
      resolved.

PMID- 4015284
TI  - Massive hepatic necrosis after chemotherapy withdrawal in a hepatitis B virus
      carrier.
AB  - A chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier with diffuse nodular transformation of
      the liver and malignant lymphoma in the lymph nodes and spleen developed massive
      hepatic necrosis and died three weeks after the third cycle of chemotherapy.
      Immunosuppressive drug treatment may favor replication of HBV, resulting in
      massive hepatocyte destruction when the immune response recovers following
      withdrawal of chemotherapy. This outcome must be considered in patients with
      chronic hepatitis B who are treated with a course of prednisone followed by
      antiviral therapy as well as in HBV carriers following chemotherapy for malignant
      disease.

PMID- 4015285
TI  - The relative antihypertensive potency of propranolol, oxprenolol, atenolol, and
      metoprolol given once daily. A double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study
      in ambulatory patients.
AB  - The antihypertensive effect of four beta-blocking agents given once daily was
      compared with that of placebo in a prospective, crossover, double-blind study of
      150 patients. The preparations tested were slow-release propranolol
      hydrochloride, 160 mg, atenolol, 100 mg, slow-release oxprenolol hydrochloride,
      160 mg, and metoprolol, 200 mg. Propranolol and atenolol produced a significant
      decline in lying, standing, and postexercise blood pressure and pulse rate
      values. The effects of oxprenolol and metoprolol were not significantly different
      from that of placebo.

PMID- 4015286
TI  - Behcet's disease preceded by fever of unknown origin.

PMID- 4015287
TI  - Cerebral emboli of cardiac origin.

PMID- 4015288
TI  - Physician practices when a patient dies.

PMID- 4015289
TI  - C5 deficiency in a white family.

PMID- 4015290
TI  - Psychiatric patient referral.

PMID- 4015291
TI  - Epidemic outbreak of acute lead poisoning.

PMID- 4015292
TI  - Hypercalcemia and abnormal bone scan patterns.

PMID- 4015293
TI  - Phenytoin effects on liver and kidney structure of the rat.

PMID- 4015294
TI  - Cushing's syndrome produced by bronchial carcinoid associated with hypophyseal
      adenoma.

PMID- 4015295
TI  - Production of toxins A and B by Clostridium difficile strains isolated from
      infants and adults.

PMID- 4015296
TI  - Problems in management of Cushing's disease.

PMID- 4015297
TI  - Quantitative variations of melanin during the moulting of atypical fur in the
      volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi).

PMID- 4015298
TI  - Colchicine effect on intraperitoneal postoperative adherences. Experimental study
      on rats.

PMID- 4015299
TI  - Coagulation factors V and VII combined congenital deficiency in a Mexican family:
      Toledo-Tehuantepec deficiency, a new pathological entity.

PMID- 4015300
TI  - Morphological evidence indicating that C. cellulosae and C. racemosus are larval
      stages of Taenia solium.

PMID- 4015301
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 4015302
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of vital and postmortem processes in burn cadavers].
AB  - After presenting the most important intravitam reactions in 114 burnt corpses of
      the Gottingen autopsy material covering the years 1969-83 two cases are described
      with a) a so called burn haemorrhage in the stomach b) an extremely wide
      spreading of the upper thighs. Differential diagnosis and forensic significance
      of these findings according to chemical, histopathological and experimental
      examinations are discussed.

PMID- 4015303
TI  - [Findings in intermediate ridges of strangulation marks and their value as signs
      of vitality].
AB  - Ecchymotic skin ridges, which are frequently found between the ligature turns in
      cases of dual or multiple loop ligature indicate to many authors hanging in life.
      Our examinations on an unselected group of corpses have led to the result that
      extravasations on the ridges between the ligature turns can be produced many
      hours after death, even outside the hypostatic area. In the case of prolonged
      suspension, small sub- and intra-epidermal blisters filled with serous fluid and
      fat may form on wide ridged strips between the ligature turns; the cells of the
      raised epidermis show significant large fat vacuoles. The bullous changes of the
      skin as well as the ridge ecchymoses can easily be reproduced in post mortem
      experiments. Therefore, both results cannot prove ante-mortem hanging. The paper
      presents four cases of suicidal hanging with vesication on the ridge between the
      ligature turns.

PMID- 4015304
TI  - Neither an enhancement of autolytic wall degradation nor an inhibition of the
      incorporation of cell wall material are pre-requisites for penicillin-induced
      bacteriolysis in staphylococci.
AB  - In contrast to what has been postulated, penicillin G at its optimal lytic
      concentration of 0.1 microgram per ml did not lead to a detectable activation of
      autolytic wall processes in staphylococci in terms of the release of uniformly
      labelled wall fragments from cells pretreated with the drug for 1 h. Rather a
      considerable inhibition of this release was observed. A similarly profound
      inhibition of the release of peptidoglycan fragments occurred when staphylococci
      pretreated for 1 h with 0.1 microgram penicillin per ml acted as a source of
      crude autolysins on peptidoglycan isolated from labelled normal cells of the same
      strain. This clearly demonstrated that the overall inhibition of autolytic wall
      processes caused by penicillin was mainly due to a decreased total autolysin
      action rather than to an altered wall structure. Furthermore, no substantial
      penicillin-induced inhibition of the incorporation of 14C-N-acetylglucosamine
      into the staphylococcal wall could be observed before bacteriolysis started,
      i.e., approximately during the first 80 min of penicillin action. These results
      are not consistent with any of the models hitherto proposed for the action of
      penicillin.

PMID- 4015305
TI  - A special morphogenetic wall defect and the subsequent activity of "murosomes" as
      the very reason for penicillin-induced bacteriolysis in staphylococci.
AB  - The actual reason for the penicillin-induced bacteriolysis of staphylococci was
      shown to be the "punching" of one or a few minute holes into the peripheral cell
      wall at predictable sites. These perforations were the result of the lytic
      activity of novel, extraplasmatic vesicular structures, located exclusively
      within the bacterial wall material, which we have named "murosomes". In untreated
      staphylococci the punching of holes into the peripheral wall is a normal process
      which follows cross wall completion and represents the first visible step of cell
      separation. Under penicillin, however, analogous holes are punched by the
      murosomes at sites of presumptive cell separation even if no sufficient cross
      wall material had been assembled before at this site (but had rather been
      deposited at other sites). Consequently, because of the internal pressure of the
      protoplast, lytic death is the inevitable result of this perforation of the
      protective peripheral wall. Hence, the real mechanism of penicillin-induced
      bacteriolysis in staphylococci is considered to be mainly the result of a special
      morphogenetic wall defect: bacteriolysis is taking place regularly when a cell
      separation process is no longer preceeded by sufficient cross wall assembly at
      the correct place. However, hypotheses which are based purely on some variations
      of overall biochemical processes like total wall enzyme activities or total wall
      synthesis are not regarded to be sufficient to explain this type of lytic death.

PMID- 4015306
TI  - Psychiatric disorders. A rural/urban comparison.
AB  - We studied rural/urban differences in the prevalence of nine psychiatric
      disorders from a community survey (part of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area
      Program) of 3,921 adults living in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Crude
      comparisons disclosed that major depressive episodes and drug abuse and/or
      dependence were more common in the urban area, whereas alcohol abuse/dependence
      was more common in the rural area. When prevalence for these disorders was
      stratified for age, sex, race, and education (factors that may confound
      urban/rural comparisons), a number of significant differences were identified,
      such as higher prevalence of major depression in female and white subjects and
      higher prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence in the less educated subjects. A
      logistic-regression analysis was used to determine if significant urban/rural
      differences persisted when these potential confounders were controlled. Major
      depressive disorders were found to be twice as frequent in the urban area in this
      controlled analysis.

PMID- 4015307
TI  - A comparison of clinical and diagnostic interview schedule diagnoses. Physician
      reexamination of lay-interviewed cases in the general population.
AB  - We examined the level of agreement between diagnoses derived from data gathered
      by lay interviewers using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) in a general
      population survey (the Epidemiologic Catchment Area project) and both DIS and
      clinical diagnoses made by psychiatrists. Overall percent agreement between the
      lay DIS and the psychiatrists clinical impression ranged from 79% to 96%. The
      chance-corrected concordance was .60 or better for eight of the 11 diagnoses.
      Specificities were all 90% or better. Sensitivities were lower, but lay results
      showed a bias for only two diagnoses: major depression was significantly
      underdiagnosed and obsessive illness was overdiagnosed. We compared the present
      results with those of previous studies from clinical settings. We explored
      possible reasons for disagreement and discussed the implications of the findings
      for psychiatric epidemiologic research.

PMID- 4015308
TI  - Comparison of the lay Diagnostic Interview Schedule and a standardized
      psychiatric diagnosis. Experience in eastern Baltimore.
AB  - We studied DSM-III diagnoses made by the lay Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS)
      method in relation to a standardized DSM-III diagnosis by psychiatrists in the
      two-stage Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area mental morbidity survey.
      Generally, prevalence estimates based on the DIS one-month diagnoses were
      significantly different from those based on the psychiatric diagnoses. Subjects
      identified as cases by each method were often different subjects. Measured in
      terms of kappa, the chance-corrected degree of agreement between the DIS and
      psychiatrists' one-month diagnoses was moderate for DSM-III alcohol-use disorder
      (abuse and dependence combined), and lower for other mental disorder categories.
      The unreliability of either the DIS or psychiatric diagnoses is one potential
      explanation for the observed disagreements. Others include the following:
      insufficient or inadequate information (on which to base a diagnosis); recency of
      disorder; incomplete criterion coverage; overinclusive DIS questions; and degree
      of reliance on subject symptom reports. Further study of the nature and sources
      of these discrepancies is underway. This work should produce a more complete
      understanding of obstacles to mental disorder case ascertainment by lay interview
      and clinical examination methods in the context of a field survey.

PMID- 4015309
TI  - A comparison of two diagnostic methods. Clinical ICD diagnoses vs DSM-III and
      Research Diagnostic Criteria using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (version 2).
AB  - In the context of a seven-year follow-up study, 171 former psychiatric inpatients
      and 158 subjects from the general population were interviewed twice, first with
      the German version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) (version 2), and
      second with a clinical interview using the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Methodik und
      Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie (AMDP) checklist to assign a clinical
      International Classification of Diseases (eighth revision) (ICD-8) diagnosis,
      independent of the DIS. With the clinicians' ICD-8 diagnosis as a measure of the
      quality of the DIS, the results indicate a sufficiently high overall specificity
      and sensitivity of the DIS as a case-finding instrument in a general population
      survey, and a surprisingly high concordance of most DIS diagnostic classes with
      comparable ICD diagnoses. Only for panic disorders (possibly due to different
      symptom and time criteria) and schizophrenia (possibly due to the strict probe
      system, the dependence on self-reports, and time criteria) was low sensitivity
      found. Because there is no DIS diagnostic category comparable with ICD-8 unipolar
      affective psychosis, a meaningful comparison of this ICD category with Research
      Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III was not possible.

PMID- 4015311
TI  - The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by
      semistructured interview. Test-retest reliability of the schedule for affective
      disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children, present episode version.
AB  - The reliability of assessment of Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III axis I
      affective disorders in children and adolescents was studied using a
      semistructured diagnostic interview. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and
      Schizophrenia (SADS) for School-Age Children (Kiddie SADS) Present Episode
      Version, an adaptation of the adult SADS for children was used. Fifty-two
      subjects, aged 6 through 17 years, were interviewed in a test-retest format by
      one of three pairs of interviewers. Assessment of symptoms and composite scales
      of the depressive syndrome were determined to have acceptable reliability, as
      were three depressive diagnoses. Conduct disorder was assessed with high
      reliability. Four anxiety disorders and their composite symptoms were assessed
      with unacceptable reliability; only separation anxiety was assessed with
      acceptable reliability. The results of this study showed generally lower
      reliability of symptoms, scales, and diagnoses than did two studies of adults
      using the SADS.

PMID- 4015310
TI  - Birth-cohort trends in rates of major depressive disorder among relatives of
      patients with affective disorder.
AB  - As part of the National Institute of Mental Health-Clinical Research Branch
      Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression Clinical Study, 2,289
      relatives of 523 probands with affective disorder were interviewed with the
      Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and diagnosed for major
      depressive disorder by the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Data were analyzed using
      life-table and survival methods. The findings suggest a progressive increase in
      rates of depression in successive birth cohorts through the 20th century and an
      earlier age at onset of depression in each birth cohort. A predominance of female
      depressives was found in all birth cohorts but the magnitude of female-male
      differences fluctuated over the decades. The existence of these trends is
      reported to stimulate further research. These findings are discussed in terms of
      possible gene-environment interactions. However, no conclusive causal inferences
      can be drawn pending further investigation.

PMID- 4015312
TI  - A proposed method for measuring change beyond symptoms.
AB  - The initial report of the Patterns of Individual Change Scales battery presented
      the rationale, development, and conceptualization of this measurement package.
      Empirical data supported the reliability and validity of the scales as measures
      of patient characteristics that extended beyond the symptomatic domain. This
      article presents more extensive reliability and validity data. Ratings on two new
      samples were collected, and the interrater reliability coefficients for the
      scales were again of appreciable magnitude. Discriminant validity was examined,
      as was the factor structure of the battery. The results suggested that the scales
      tap three distinct sources of variance. Comparisons with symptom measures and
      case illustrations indicated that the measurement of changes in patients'
      functioning beyond symptoms is necessary and viable.

PMID- 4015314
TI  - Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in epidemiologic field studies.

PMID- 4015313
TI  - Lactate provocation of panic attacks. II. Biochemical and physiological findings.
AB  - Thirty-one of 43 patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks
      and none of 20 normal controls panicked in response to infusions of sodium
      lactate. Before receiving lactate, patients showed higher heart rates than
      controls and also signs of hyperventilation. During lactate infusion, patients
      who did not panic, nevertheless, developed higher lactate and pyruvate levels and
      greater ionized calcium and pH changes than controls. Lactate-induced panic
      attacks were regularly accompanied by biological changes consistent with
      hyperventilation and central noradrenergic activation and irregularly by
      elevation of plasma norepinephrine and cortisol levels. Panic attacks were not
      associated with changes in epinephrine or calcium levels or pH. Baseline arousal
      increased the likelihood of panic during lactate infusion. It is hypothesized
      that lactate-induced panic primarily involves central noradrenergic discharge
      with inconsistent peripheral manifestations.

PMID- 4015315
TI  - A proposed solution to the base rate problem in the kappa statistic.
AB  - Because it corrects for chance agreement, kappa (kappa) is a useful statistic for
      calculating interrater concordance. However, kappa has been criticized because
      its computed value is a function not only of sensitivity and specificity, but
      also the prevalence, or base rate, of the illness of interest in the particular
      population under study. For example, it has been shown for a hypothetical case in
      which sensitivity and specificity remain constant at .95 each, that kappa falls
      from .81 to .14 when the prevalence drops from 50% to 1%. Thus, differing values
      of kappa may be entirely due to differences in prevalence. Calculation of
      agreement presents different problems depending on whether one is studying
      reliability or validity. We discuss quantification of agreement in the pure
      validity case, the pure reliability case, and those studies that fall somewhere
      between. As a way of minimizing the base rate problem, we propose a statistic for
      the quantification of agreement (the Y statistic), which can be related to kappa
      but which is completely independent of prevalence in the case of validity studies
      and relatively so in the case of reliability.

PMID- 4015316
TI  - Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction of carbamazepine with tranylcypromine.

PMID- 4015318
TI  - Supervision of the psychotherapeutic process.

PMID- 4015317
TI  - Postdexamethasone cortisol levels and subgroups of affective illness.

PMID- 4015319
TI  - Neurological dysfunctioning in offspring of schizophrenics in Israel and Denmark.
      A replication analysis.
AB  - Neurological functioning was compared in children at risk for schizophrenia from
      samples recruited in Israel and Denmark. In both samples neurological signs were
      assessed in school-age children with one schizophrenic parent and a matched group
      of children with no mentally ill parents. Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis of
      data identified, in both samples, a radex structure of neurological functioning,
      radiating from motor to sensory-perceptual signs. In both samples, the gradient
      of neurological functioning differed between the offspring of schizophrenics and
      controls. For both the offspring of schizophrenics and controls, the largest
      number of children showed no or few signs of neurological dysfunctioning. A
      subgroup of the offspring of schizophrenics, but not the controls, showed
      multiple signs of neurological dysfunctioning that varied in pattern among
      individuals.

PMID- 4015320
TI  - Institutional rearing and diagnostic outcome in children of schizophrenic
      mothers. A prospective high-risk study.
AB  - Within a prospective, longitudinal study of offspring of schizophrenic mothers
      (so-called high-risk children), diagnostic outcome (schizophrenia, "schizotypal"
      personality disorder, other diagnoses, and no mental illness) was predicted by
      the mother's age at first hospitalization and by institutionalization during the
      first five years of life. Institutionalization was unrelated to adult
      psychopathology in a low-risk control group. These results are interpreted as
      supporting a diathesis-stress model of schizophrenic origin.

PMID- 4015321
TI  - Psychiatric illness in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic and surgical
      control patients. A family study using DSM-III criteria.
AB  - This report examines the risk for psychiatric illness in 723 first-degree
      relatives of schizophrenics and 1,056 first-degree relatives of matched surgical
      control patients. Diagnoses in patients and relatives were made "blind" to one
      another, using DSM-III criteria. Information on relatives was obtained from
      personal interview and/or hospital records. Results were analyzed using two
      levels of diagnostic certainty and with or without relatives on whom only
      hospital records were obtained. In all analyses, the risk for schizophrenia was
      significantly greater (at least 18-fold) in the relatives of schizophrenics v
      controls. Evidence was also found for an increased risk in relatives of
      schizophrenics for schizoaffective disorder, paranoid disorder, and atypical
      psychosis but not for unipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, or alcoholism. As
      defined by DSM-III, schizophrenia is a familial disorder; however, the increased
      risk for psychotic illness in relatives of schizophrenics does not appear to be
      confined to schizophrenia alone.

PMID- 4015322
TI  - Endorphin activity in childhood psychosis. Spinal fluid levels in 24 cases.
AB  - Twenty 2- to 13-year-old infantile autistic children (16 boys and four girls) and
      four 4- to 13-year-old children (two boys and two girls) with other kinds of
      childhood psychoses were compared with eight 6-month-old to 6-year-old normal
      children with regard to cerebrospinal fluid contents of endorphin fractions I and
      II. The psychosis groups showed higher mean cerebrospinal fluid endorphin
      fraction II levels, and 11 (55%) of the 20 autistic patients showed values higher
      than the highest in the group of normal children. There was a trend toward a
      correlation between high fraction II levels and self-destructiveness and
      decreased pain sensibility in the psychotic children. The results are regarded as
      preliminary but as warranting further research in this potentially fruitful
      field.

PMID- 4015323
TI  - Basal ganglia and limbic system pathology in schizophrenia. A morphometric study
      of brain volume and shrinkage.
AB  - The volume of several parts of the basal ganglia and of the limbic system was
      measured by planimetry of myelin-stained serial sections in postmortem brains of
      13 schizophrenic patients and nine control cases. The medial limbic structures of
      the temporal lobe (amygdala, hippocampal formation, and parahippocampal gyrus)
      and the pallidum internum were significantly smaller in the schizophrenic group,
      whereas the pallidum externum showed only a modest trend toward volume reduction.
      The volumes of the putamen, nucleus caudatus, nucleus accumbens, and the bed
      nucleus of the stria terminalis did not differ between patients and controls. The
      volume reductions of the limbic temporal structures and of the pallidum internum
      of schizophrenics are interpreted as degenerative shrinkages of unknown etiology.

PMID- 4015324
TI  - Further evidence of abnormal non-rapid-eye-movement sleep in schizophrenia.
AB  - Very low levels of visually scored stage 4 sleep are found in 40% to 50% of acute
      and chronic schizophrenics. Stage 4 is a visual estimate of high-amplitude delta
      (0.5 to 3 Hz) electroencephalographic waves; these waves can now be measured
      directly and reliably by computer. In this pilot study, we carried out such
      measurement in the successive non-rapid-eye-movement periods (NREMPs). We also
      sampled and measured visually sleep spindles by NREMP; spindles constitute a
      second distinctive feature of the NREM electroencephalogram. In five unmedicated,
      recently rehospitalized schizophrenic patients we found reduced delta amplitude
      and abundance (and increased spindle density) in NREMP1 (also called "REM
      latency") as compared with ambulatory normal controls. NREMP1 was also abnormally
      short with an average length similar to that reported for major depression. These
      striking abnormalities of NREM sleep may underlie the abnormal rapid eye movement
      distributions sometimes found in schizophrenic and depressed patients. Further
      studies are required to evaluate the relation of these NREM abnormalities to
      psychopathology (and hence their utility as biological "markers") and to rule out
      confounding effects of hospitalization or undetected napping.

PMID- 4015325
TI  - Electroencephalographic sleep of younger depressives. Comparison with normals.
AB  - The electroencephalographic sleep of younger depressives (aged 20 to 44 years)
      was compared with that of an age-matched group of normals. The patients
      demonstrated many of the typical sleep changes reported for older depressed
      populations: shortened rapid-eye-movement (REM) latency; REM sleep activity
      alterations, with a shift to the early portion of the night (first REM period);
      reduced delta sleep; and sleep efficiency reductions marked by sleep-onset
      difficulties. The traditional scoring procedures were supplemented by automated
      REM and delta-sleep analyses that provided more precise delineation of these
      differences between patients and normals, particularly the distributions of REM
      activity and delta-wave patterning.

PMID- 4015326
TI  - Activity measures in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Twenty-four-hour measurements of wrist and ankle kinetic energy expenditures were
      obtained on 20 hospitalized female anorectics during the first two weeks of their
      hospitalization. Kinetic energy was examined against measures of weight,
      depression, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scores in a
      regression analysis. Effect of cyproheptadine hydrochloride, amitriptyline
      hydrochloride, and placebo on activity was assessed. The results supported
      previous studies showing a positive relationship between weight gain and motor
      activity and challenge the commonly held notion that activity decreases in
      anorectics as their clinical condition improves. Motor activity was initially
      significantly suppressed by cyproheptadine and subsequently increased.

PMID- 4015327
TI  - Similarity of non-REM abnormalities in schizophrenia and depression.

PMID- 4015328
TI  - Plasma haloperidol levels: clinical response and fancy mathematics.

PMID- 4015329
TI  - The interpretation of plasma haloperidol concentrations.

PMID- 4015330
TI  - Scanning electron microscope studies of the rat mesenteric lymph node with
      special reference to high-endothelial venules and hitherto unknown lymphatic
      labyrinth.
AB  - Mesenteric lymph nodes of the rat were studied by scanning electron microscopy
      after arterial perfusion fixation. Observation was made mainly of the high
      endothelial venules (HEVs), inner cortex and medulla. The HEVs were distributed
      not only in the inner cortex, but also in the interfollicular areas in the outer
      cortex, extending to closely beneath the marginal sinus. Various surface
      structures of the HEV endothelial cells were recorded, from quite smooth to
      densely granular. Special attention was paid to endothelial cells with
      cytoplasmic ridges concentrated at the center of the cell apex. Lymphocytes were
      numerously attached to the luminal surface of the HEV. Many lymphocytes
      presumably under and after emigration through the HEV wall could be recognized.
      Hitherto unknown labyrinths densely filled with lymphocytes were demonstrated in
      the inner cortex. These tubular and saccular spaces lined by attenuated cells
      originated from beneath the germinal centers and from around the HEVs to pour
      into the medullary sinuses. The lymphatic labyrinths were differentiated from the
      sinuses by their lack of reticular cell trabeculae and by their containing almost
      exclusively small lymphocytes. It was proposed that lymphocytes in the blood in
      HEVs massively emigrate to the labyrinth, and via the medullary sinuses, enter
      the efferent lymphatics of the lymph node. In the medullary sinuses, some
      lymphocytes in association with a macrophage were found to extend wing-like
      processes, probably reflecting their activation. Large free cells extending
      laminar projections, but smooth in surface otherwise, were occasionally found.
      Their possible identity with the veiled cells (KELLY et al., 1978) was
      considered.

PMID- 4015331
TI  - A new method for scanning and transmission electron microscopy of synaptic
      vesicles isolated from the cerebral cortex.
AB  - Spheroid and flattened synaptic vesicles were isolated from the brain homogenate
      of guinea pigs by a modified purification method. For scanning and transmission
      electron microscopy, a simple dipping method of preparation was developed and
      used. The purest and richest fraction of synaptic vesicles was obtained from a
      0.1 M sucrose fraction of density gradients. The pellets of synaptic vesicles
      were easily resuspended without aggregate after ultracentrifugation at 40,000 rpm
      for 5 min. The isolated synaptic vesicles were dispersed as a monolayer on the
      surface of a copper grid covered with Formvar membrane. Adequate contrast was
      obtained by metal impregnation of specimens and gold coating at magnifications as
      high as 100,000 times using an acceleration voltage of 25 to 40 kV. The specimens
      were fixed in 0.75% glutaraldehyde (0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3) and then
      postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. After dipping for 1 to 2 min each in tannic
      acid, phosphotungstic acid, lead citrate and uranyl acetate, they were dehydrated
      with graded ethanol and coated with gold by ion sputtering at 400 to 560 volts
      for 4 min. The preparation method is reported on and technical problems are
      discussed.

PMID- 4015332
TI  - Stratified laminae fenestratae (alveolus fenestratus endothelialis) in the
      glomerular capillaries of the mouse kidney.
AB  - The fine structure of the stratified lamina fenestrata of the mouse glomerulus
      was described in detail in both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. We
      propose to name the extremely developed structure of the stratified lamina
      fenestrata as the alveolus endothelialis. It consists of numerous small irregular
      spaces partitioned by thin cytoplasmic processes. Individual spaces communicate
      with each other through the fenestra surrounded by the cytoplasmic partitions.
      This structure occurs not only on the basal lamina but also on the perikaryal
      portion of the endothelium. The constant appearance of the alveolus fenestratus
      without association of any pathological or degenerative changes suggests that
      this structure represents a certain general and fundamental feature of the
      fenestrated endothelial cell. Possible mechanisms for the genesis of this
      structure are briefly discussed.

PMID- 4015333
TI  - Transformation of amoeboid microglial cells into microglia in the corpus callosum
      of the postnatal rat brain. An electron microscopical study.
AB  - An electron microscope study of the corpus callosum in postnatal rats of various
      ages was carried out to elucidate the fate of the amoeboid microglial cells. The
      cells present in the corpus callosum of younger rats (3-5 days) were round and
      showed an eccentric nucleus with marginal chromatin. They displayed numerous
      lysosomal granules and vacuoles in the cytoplasm. In older animals, i.e., from 7
      days onwards some of the cells became oval so that by 15-20 days of age most of
      the cells were elongated and branched. In the latter, the cells showed a
      flattened or angular nucleus with dense chromatin clumps. The cytoplasm showed
      fewer lysosomal granules and vacuoles which were absent in cells of 20 day old
      animals. Quantitative measurements showed that there was a gradual diminution in
      the amount of cytoplasm at the cell body of amoeboid microglial cells with age,
      so that by the age of 20 days the cells were reduced to less than one-third of
      their original size as seen in 3 day old rats. The reduction of cytoplasm at the
      cell body is probably because it is channelled to the cytoplasmic processes which
      are evident in older rats. Some cytoplasm may have been extruded and phagocytosed
      by companion cell types.

PMID- 4015334
TI  - Ultrastructure of the radial components of the mouse optic nerve and its changes
      during Wallerian degeneration.
AB  - Radial components of the optic nerve of the mouse were studied by using thin
      sections and freeze-fracture replicas. The investigations were performed on
      normal optic nerves, as well as on those undergoing Wallerian degeneration
      following eyeball enucleation. Normal radial components in thin sections were
      observed as a series of light lines composed of small electron-lucent dots
      situated in the interperiod lines across the myelin sheath. They are frequently
      found in those parts of the myelin sheath lying near the outer and inner
      processes of the oligodendroglia. Radial components in freeze-fracture replica
      were observed as a parallel array of many ridges composed of a row of particles.
      The particles of radial components located in the deeper part of the myelin
      sheath lose their linear arrangement and fall into disorder in a relatively early
      post-operative period. The parallel array of rows of particles located closely
      beneath the outer processes of the oligodendroglia remained intact for a long
      period, even in a markedly distorted myelin sheath. The present observations
      suggest that the radial components are resistant against the disintegration of
      the myelin lamellae during Wallerian degeneration.

PMID- 4015335
TI  - Intercellular spaces in the lymph nodule associated epithelium of the rabbit
      Peyer's patch and appendix.
AB  - Intercellular spaces in the epithelium of the rabbit Peyer's patch and appendix
      were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to elucidate their
      three-dimensional structure and their relationship to the reticular spaces in the
      underlying lymph nodule. Two types of intercellular spaces were distinguished:
      regularly arranged tubular channels and irregularly winding tunnels. The tubular
      channels were observed around normal enterocytes on the villi or internodular
      folds and apical portions of nodule domes. The channel spaces were lined with a
      successive arrangement of belt-like intercrestal surfaces of prismatic
      enterocytes and variously sized processes on the crests. The processes adjoining
      opposed crests formed a ladder-like structure or pectinate septa between
      neighboring channels. The irregularly winding tunnels were formed among processes
      of irregularly shaped cells corresponding to FAE cells (Bockman and Cooper, 1973)
      or M cells (Owen and Jones, 1974) in the nodule associated epithelium. In the
      appendix, the tunnels were frequently organized into two-story spaces, the
      adlumenal and basal spaces, which were incompletely separated by cytoplasmic
      processes. These tunnels continued by pores in the basement membrane to the
      reticular spaces in the underlying lymph nodules. Furthermore, the tunnels and
      the basement membrane pores constantly contained single or grouped free cells or
      their processes. The findings in the present study suggest that the tubular
      channels are intraepithelial compartments for the absorption of nutrients and
      fluid, and the irregular tunnels are an intraepithelial network of spaces for the
      housing of lymphoid cells coming from the underlying lymph nodule.

PMID- 4015336
TI  - Blood vascular bed of the rat pituitary intermediate lobe, with special reference
      to its development and portal drainage into the anterior lobe. A scanning
      electron microscope study of vascular casts.
AB  - Blood vascular beds of the rat pituitary intermediate lobes were reproduced by
      injection of low viscosity methacrylate media, and then observed with a scanning
      electron microscope. Although the intermediate lobes of newborn and pubescent rat
      were poorly vascularized, the adult rat intermediate lobe contained numerous
      capillaries forming a fairly independent network whose density, however, was not
      so great as in the anterior and posterior lobes. The vascular network of the
      intermediate lobe could be divided into two parts: a superficial plexus close to
      the anterior lobe, and a deep one close to the posterior lobe, though the two
      plexuses were continuous with each other. The superficial plexus consisted of
      anastomosing capillaries, and the deep one of non-anastomosing capillaries with a
      palisade-fashioned arrangement. The superficial plexus seemed crucially important
      for the blood supply of the intermediate lobe since it developed or thickened as
      the animals aged. The superficial plexus received its proper afferent vessels
      from the middle and posterior hypophyseal arteries and emitted its proper
      efferent vessels continuous with the sinusoidal capillaries of the anterior lobe.
      The capillaries of the deep plexus usually communicated with the arterial
      capillaries of the posterior lobe and possibly represented another afferent route
      to the superficial plexus. This paper, thus, strongly suggests a portal
      circulation from the intermediate lobe to the anterior lobe though its functional
      significance is unknown.

PMID- 4015337
TI  - Electron microscope study of the Grandry and Herbst corpuscles in the palatine
      mucosa, gingival mucosa and beak skin of the duck.
AB  - Grandry and Herbst corpuscles of the palatine mucosa, gingival mucosa and beak
      skin were studied with the electron microscope. Typical Grandry corpuscles are
      surrounded by thick bundles of collagen fibers and composed of a terminal axon
      sandwiched between Grandry cells. Occasionally, two or three nerve endings are
      found within one corpuscle. The Grandry cell contains numerous electron-dense
      granules similar to those of a Merkel cell. The cell extends protrusions at the
      poles and the opposing faces. Desmosome-like attachments are noted between
      interdigitated protrusions, and between the axon and Grandry cell. Herbst
      corpuscles are composed of an outer capsule, inner core and central nerve ending.
      The outer capsule consists of 15 to 20 concentric lamellae, while the inner core
      possesses 60 to 70 sheets of cytoplasmic extensions. Under the scanning electron
      microscope, the corpuscles appeared as an elongated oval form surrounded by dense
      fibrous connective tissue, and each lamella of the outer capsule was composed of
      a dense network of thick and thin fibrils. These were seen under the transmission
      electron microscope as thick fibrils about 50 nm in diameter and peripheral thin
      fibrils about 10 nm in diameter. In some portions, a periodic increase of
      cytoplasmic density about 20 nm in width located in neighboring sheets was noted.
      The terminal axons of both corpuscles contain numerous neurofilaments, slender
      mitochondria, neurotubules, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles. Both
      corpuscles are limited by several flat cells which are arranged in parallel and
      probably correspond to the perineural cells of the peripheral nerve. Tight
      junctions were observed between these cells.

PMID- 4015338
TI  - [Thiophene as a structural element of physiologically active substances. 14. The
      synthesis of 5-[(5-methyl-3-thienyl)oxy]-2(1H)-pyrimidinone].

PMID- 4015339
TI  - [Drug analysis by polarographic methods. 24. The polarographic behavior of
      tofisopam].

PMID- 4015340
TI  - Simultaneous femoral and tibial lengthening for limb length discrepancies.
AB  - Simultaneous lengthening of the femur and tibia can be effectively and safely
      accomplished. However, the following issues must be kept in perspective: (1)
      patient selection is essential, and (2) meticulous attention to detail in all
      aspects of the operative procedure is vital. The advantages of performing such an
      ambitious operation include: (1) reduced morbidity, (2) reduced number of
      operations (not procedures), and (3) more rapid recovery when compared to
      performing the operations sequentially. This kind of program should be carried
      out only by those experienced in the limb lengthening procedure.

PMID- 4015341
TI  - Glass-ceramic metal composite bone fixation: effect of surface parameters.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of bone growth with four
      different surfaces of cobalt-chrome implants. Two of the implant surfaces were
      coated by a glass-ceramic of our own composition. One coating was porous. No
      enhancement of bone ingrowth was found in the glass-ceramic implants. The degree
      of metal ion contamination was also assessed, and significant, potentially
      harmful contamination by metal ions was found in the glass-ceramic. This study
      points out the need for better techniques of coating metal with glass-ceramic to
      avoid potential carcinogenic effects.

PMID- 4015342
TI  - Unicompartmental knee replacement in osteoarthritis: an 8-year follow-up.
AB  - Between 1972 and 1974, 34 patients with medial osteoarthritis in the knee were
      operated on with unicompartmental femorotibial replacement. Four patients were
      reoperated on, three of whom had had a McIntosh inlay prior to the operation.
      Seven patients had died and two were lost at the follow-up which took place on
      average 8 years (7-10 years) after the operation. Of 21 re-examined knees, 14
      were rated as successful or acceptable.

PMID- 4015343
TI  - Dislocation following total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - The rate of postoperative dislocation after Stanmore total hip arthroplasty in
      427 cases was 4.9%; 1.4% were classified as recurrent cases. Retroversion of the
      acetabular component and postoperative joint laxity were the only factors that
      were found to predispose to dislocation. The importance of preserving the
      effective femoral neck length during total hip arthroplasty is emphasized.

PMID- 4015344
TI  - Segmental spinal instrumentation without sublaminar wires.
AB  - We have developed a method of segmental spinal instrumentation that precludes the
      passage of sublaminar wires, thus reducing the likelihood of neurological
      complications. The technique utilizes the base of the spinous process as the
      purchase site for segmental fixation and a newly developed button-wire implant.
      The technique and early experience with this method are described.

PMID- 4015345
TI  - Stress in the human ankle joint: a brief review.
AB  - The articular bones of the ankle joint are subjected to stress along their
      vertical axis by the resultant force Rt [13]. On this compressive stress is
      superimposed bending resulting from tensile forces exerted by the collateral
      ligaments. The loading by tensile forces is greatest in the lateral areas of the
      joint, especially at the fibular malleolus. The bony elements of the ankle joint
      are adapted to this specific mode of stress by the distribution of osseous
      material in the subchondral bone and by cancellous architecture. Results from
      photoelastic model tests correspond to the morphological findings if models are
      subjected to stress by both compressive forces and tensile forces. Zones with
      high fringe orders of isochromatics in the model correspond to areas with high
      density of the osseous tissue in equidensity pictures, and the trajectorial
      pattern in Plexiglas models mirrors the alignment of compressive and tensile
      cancellous trabeculae.

PMID- 4015346
TI  - Anterior advancement of the tibial tuberosity in the treatment of the
      patellofemoral pain syndrome.
AB  - Seventy-two patients with disabling patellofemoral pain were treated with
      anterior advancement of the tibial tuberosity. In a follow-up examination 1-5
      years (mean 2.5) postoperatively, 57% of the patients had improved, 19% were
      unchanged, and 24% were worse. The high failure rate is disturbing, and we warn
      against too frequent use of the anterior tuberosity advancement procedure.
      Patients with patellofemoral pain should be approached by establishing a specific
      diagnosis and applying a specific treatment. In this study we concluded that the
      only patients who might benefit from the operation were those with grade I-II
      changes of the patellar cartilage.

PMID- 4015347
TI  - Prediction of long-term outcome of tibial osteotomy in medial gonarthrosis.
AB  - To predict the long-term outcome after tibial osteotomy for medial gonarthrosis,
      multivariate statistical techniques were used and prognostic equations were
      defined. A comparison between different evaluation systems was also performed.
      Clinical and radiographic data from 81 patients followed up for more than 7 years
      were used. Twenty-eight preoperative variables were analysed in relation to the
      outcome at 7 years with the multivariate procedures discriminant analysis and
      cluster analysis. Among the variables, knee flexion and walking capacity were
      found to be the most dominant factors. Excluding the undercorrected osteotomies,
      preoperative walking capacity was now the dominating variable for prediction.
      Seven years postoperatively only small differences were found between the
      evaluation criteria of pain relief, London Hospital score, and HSS score. The
      discriminant functions for the highest ranked evaluation criteria are given in
      the text, as are dendrograms showing the patterns of interdependence between the
      evaluation criteria. Thus it was possible to transform clinical entities into
      factors suitable for determination and calculation of postoperative evaluation.
      The most commonly used evaluation systems had very similar discriminant functions
      showing good agreement.

PMID- 4015348
TI  - The comparative properties of plaster of Paris and plaster of Paris substitutes.
AB  - Modern casting materials are becoming available in an increasing and bewildering
      variety. A series of tests has been devised to investigate the properties of
      these materials. They have been tested for strength, flexibility, lamination,
      fatigue life and radiolucency. Their properties have been compared with those of
      plaster of Paris in order that the role of the newer materials can be defined. It
      is suggested that the tests described might form the basis of a standard from
      which user trials could be designed to appraise the value of these materials in
      clinical practice.

PMID- 4015349
TI  - High incidence of low serum vitamin D concentration in patients with hip
      fracture.
AB  - The study of 82 consecutive hip fracture patients (22 males and 60 females) and
      185 various controls showed that low serum 25-OH-vitamin D3 (25-OD-D3)
      concentration was common in the hip fracture patients, who in addition were old,
      incapable of independent daily life, had poor dietary habits, reduced nutritional
      status, and spent insufficient time in sunlight. The most usual mechanisms of
      trauma were minor indoor falls. Osteoporosis was common and associated with low
      25-OH-D3. Hypocalcemia was more common in hip fracture patients than in controls.
      Increased serum alkaline phosphatase was not a specific feature in hip fracture
      patients. The results suggest that vitamin D supplementation is indicated in
      elderly disabled people.

PMID- 4015350
TI  - Septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint.
AB  - A patient with isolated pyogenous arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint (A-C
      joint) caused by Streptococcus viridans is described. The patient had no
      underlying disease. Minor trauma preceded shortly the development of the septic
      process. The patient was treated successfully with surgical drainage and
      antibiotics. To our knowledge this is the first case report of septic arthritis
      of the A-C joint caused by Streptococcus viridans. The A-C joint is rarely
      involved in septic processes. Even conditions such as intravenous drug abuse [3,
      6] and renal dialysis [4, 7] which tend to infect unusual joints [5] have only
      rarely been described in association with A-C septic arthritis.

PMID- 4015351
TI  - Factors influencing referral decisions in physiatry.
AB  - As the population ages and more emphasis is placed on patient management than on
      curative exercise, physical medicine gains an important place in medical
      specialties. This study investigates the referral behavior in physiatry and
      compares it with referrals to other specialties. From a sample of 159 primary
      care physicians in the St. Louis metropolitan area who have a high probability of
      using physical medicine and rehabilitation, a referral model in physiatry was
      constructed. The results indicate that while the traditional determinants of
      referral decision play a significant role in influencing the referral behavior in
      physiatry, there also is a group of variables in physiatry that are significantly
      different from those of other subspecialties in determining referral process.

PMID- 4015352
TI  - Daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rates of patients with spinal cord
      injury.
AB  - Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and daily energy expenditure were measured in 48 men
      with complete traumatic transections of the spinal cord. Subjects were classified
      according to their residual motor function as high or low quadriplegic (HQ, LQ)
      or as high or low paraplegic (HP, LP). Measured BMR was lower than predicted BMR
      in almost all of the subjects and was significantly lower in the HQ group than in
      the other groups. High quadriplegics also expended significantly less energy
      while awake and over a 24-hour period than did the other groups. Measurements of
      BMR and total energy expenditure were significantly correlated with the level of
      lesion. The data provide a basis for establishing guidelines on the average
      energy needs of patients with spinal cord injury.

PMID- 4015354
TI  - Assistive devices: utilization by children.
AB  - The use of assistive devices by children has become widespread and has been
      supported financially by insurance carriers and governments. However, there has
      been little evaluation of the utilization of these devices. To determine
      utilization of, satisfaction with, and perceived value of the aid, an independent
      evaluator contacted 502 families who had used a provincial government funding
      program to obtain an assistive device. High levels of use, satisfaction, and
      perceived value were reported, indicating that a decentralized funding program
      can provide aids effectively.

PMID- 4015353
TI  - Parent perceptions of problems experienced by their children in complying with
      treatments for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Parents of children with chronic diseases, such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
      (JRA), are responsible for insuring that their children comply with medical
      regimens. Assessing the perceptions parents have of problems their children
      experience in complying with treatment would be useful in advising them of how to
      help their children. In this study, a questionnaire assessing the frequency and
      type of problems children experienced in complying with treatments of JRA was
      completed by 37 parents. The parents reported more problems with range of motion
      exercises and splint wearing than with medications. The most common negative
      reactions exhibited by the children included complaining, crying, forgetting to
      do what was prescribed, and noncompliance. Additionally, nearly 50% of the
      parents relied on their child's report or were vague about how they assessed
      compliance. Suggestions for advising parents about how they can assess and
      improve compliance are offered in this report.

PMID- 4015355
TI  - Wheelchair push-ups: measuring pressure relief frequency.
AB  - Ischial pressure sores (PS) are a long-recognized complication of wheelchair
      confinement, yet teaching spinal-cord patients to establish lift-off behavior
      habitually and permanently remains a challenge. A new device was developed to
      record automatically and continuously the wheelchair lift-off behavior of spinal
      cord injured patients. Data from seven patients who used the device for between
      768 and 1800 hours each are reported. The device was used to monitor
      longitudinally the behavioral compliance of each individual with prescribed lift
      off intervals using standard teaching procedures. Wide variability between
      patients and within patients over time was found. Experimental interventions
      including the use of an electronic timer and written and oral feedback of the
      previous day's data also varied in their effectiveness. Data from one patient who
      developed a pressure sore while being monitored suggest that there is no simple
      relationship between lift-off intervals and PS formation.

PMID- 4015356
TI  - Exercise or overloading: effect on skeletal muscle grafts of rats.
AB  - The effects of increased usage on regenerated muscle grafts was studied in rats.
      Soleus muscles were grafted orthotopically, either without neuromuscular
      anastomoses (standard grafts), or with their original nerves undamaged (nerve
      intact grafts). The rats were either run on a treadmill or their soleus grafts
      were overloaded by extirpation of approximately 50% of the gastrocnemius muscles.
      Twitch and tetanic contractions, glycogen concentration, and histological
      features of the grafts were evaluated 60 days after grafting. The results showed
      that exercise enhanced glycogen levels in nerve-intact grafts as in normal
      muscle. Overloading had no effect on glycogen. The nonexercised standard grafts
      had the lowest values for the mechanical parameters studied. However, this was
      apparently due to the smaller degree of innervation rather than from the lack of
      exercise. Within the population of nerve-intact grafts, neither exercise nor
      overloading significantly improved the twitch and tetanic tensions. It is
      concluded that exercise, but not overloading, is likely to have positive effects
      on muscle graft metabolism.

PMID- 4015357
TI  - Grief in chronic illness: assessment and management.
AB  - Grief is a normal reaction to the loss of physical function. Its symptoms,
      however, are often mistaken for major depressive episode and treatment may be
      inappropriate. Symptoms of grief include a preoccupation with the lost object (a
      limb, a function, a loved one), somatic distress, inappropriate behavior,
      hostility, and denial. Depression may be a manifestation of illness or drug
      therapy. Grief should be treated like a major depressive episode but without
      antidepressive medications. The first step in management of grief is the
      development of a proper therapeutic milieu which will encourage the reappearance
      of self worth. Once the milieu is established, specific rehabilitation problems
      can be addressed. In formulating a prognosis, it is important to consider the
      severity of the patient's disability, the premorbid psychologic make-up, and the
      type of family and community support available to the patient.

PMID- 4015358
TI  - Self-directed learning and medical rehabilitation: a comparison.
AB  - A comparison is made between medical rehabilitation and continuing medical
      education (CME). It is hypothesized that such a comparison can help physicians
      who have little formal training in educational methodology to become more
      efficient and effective in carrying out their own self-directed learning. This
      hypothesis is based on the premise that the decision-making processes are similar
      for managing the medical rehabilitation of a patient and for carrying out self
      directed CME.

PMID- 4015359
TI  - Manual stimulation of reflex voiding after spinal cord injury.
AB  - Thirty-four urodynamic studies were performed in 20 patients with spinal cord
      injury (SCI) to determine the most effective triggering mechanism for reflex
      voiding. The studies were performed at a time when the patient was normally
      scheduled for catheterization, which avoided stimulation of the detrusor and
      sphincter by bladder filling via a catheter. The three methods chosen were used
      in a random sequence. Suprapubic tapping and jabbing were equally effective in
      producing a rise in detrusor pressure, and the sphincter responses were almost
      identical. Cutaneous stimulation of the thigh rarely produced any change in
      detrusor and sphincter activity. When detrusor contractions were produced, a
      dyssynergic sphincter response prevented voiding in 46% of the studies; however,
      voiding always occurred when the sphincters were either coordinated or showed no
      change. Both tapping and jabbing were more effective as the time from injury
      increased, which reflects the natural recovery from spinal shock.

PMID- 4015360
TI  - Diabetic Charcot spine as cauda equina syndrome: an unusual presentation.
AB  - Some 6% to 21% of Charcot joints occur in the spine. The underlying disease is
      usually tabes dorsalis, but diabetes mellitus is another etiology. Degeneration
      of spinal elements is accelerated and lumbar spinal stenosis with weakness may
      occur, as has been reported in tabetic arthropathy. The case presented is unusual
      in two respects: first, the Charcot spine was secondary to diabetic
      complications, which resulted in a compressive cauda equina syndrome; second, the
      patient presented with progressive paraparesis and bowel and bladder dysfunction
      but physical examination by several examiners revealed no clinically evident
      sensory abnormality. The patient had vague and inconsistent sensory complaints
      for several years preceding definitive workup, but the overall picture of his
      disease process only could be made following multiple laboratory,
      electrodiagnostic, microbiologic, and radiologic testing. The patient presented
      with subacute paraparesis, providing a wide differential diagnosis ranging from
      Guillain-Barre syndrome to spinal neoplasm. The physical, radiologic, laboratory,
      electrophysiologic, histologic/pathologic findings, treatment, and recovery
      status are included in this report.

PMID- 4015361
TI  - Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome caused by an intermuscular lipoma.
AB  - The posterior interosseous nerve is prone to entrapment at various anatomical
      sites along its course in the upper forearm. A variety of lesions may account for
      this resulting nerve palsy. Compression of the nerve by lipomata is uncommon; 16
      such cases have been reported in the medical literature. We present a case of a
      lipoma causing pressure on the deep branch of the radial nerve. In this case, and
      in seven similar cases previously reported in detail, the mass became visible
      after the onset of finger and hand extensor muscle weakness. Hence, the
      possibility of nerve compression by a tumor must be suspected in the differential
      diagnosis. Paralysis that does not respond to four to six weeks of conservative
      treatment necessitates surgical intervention in order to assure maximum recovery
      of the affected nerve.

PMID- 4015362
TI  - Adaptive device for the quadriplegic golfer.
AB  - Participation in sports by the individual having quadriplegia is often limited
      because of the loss of use of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand. An
      adaptive device has been developed to enable quadriplegic patients to participate
      in a golf program. It consists of a molded forearm cuff of Kydex thermoplastic,
      to which a golf club is attached by several clamps and a golf glove altered by
      sewing velcro pile to the tips of all fingers and to the back of the glove. These
      have provided stability to the golfer's grip of the club, and have made it
      possible for quadriplegic patients to play successfully on the Par 3 golf course
      at the Medical Center.

PMID- 4015363
TI  - Is surgery worthwhile?

PMID- 4015364
TI  - Improved results with diabetic below-knee amputations.
AB  - This study of 100 consecutive below-knee amputations in 98 diabetic patients was
      undertaken to review our results and to compare them with a similar report of 20
      years ago. Ninety-three limbs were ischemic, and 79% of the patients had
      significant infection. This finding was similar to that in our previous study
      group. Twenty-one percent of the patients had previous arterial reconstruction,
      11% had had a toe or metatarsal amputation, and 17% required a guillotine (open)
      amputation to control sepsis. The below- to above-knee amputation ratio was
      2.3/1. The selection of level was made on clinical grounds. None of the 100
      amputations required revision to above-knee amputation. The mortality rate was 3%
      and the wound complication rate was 18%. Eighty-three percent of the patients
      were ambulatory at the time of discharge, which occurred at an average of 35
      days. There has been a significant improvement in the number of successful below
      knee amputations performed since our previous study. We attribute these results
      to aggressive surgical control of infection and to close follow-up with early
      recognition and treatment of healing problems.

PMID- 4015365
TI  - Does the surgeon's annual case load make a difference in the quality of
      peripheral vascular surgery? A report of the mortality, morbidity, and long-term
      results of 101 procedures performed over 93 months.
AB  - The outcome of 101 peripheral vascular procedures performed during 93 months was
      reviewed to determine the quality of the results. Quality was defined as the
      following: series mortality rate, frequency and significance of complications,
      cumulative patency rate for bypass grafts, amputation rate, survival following
      abdominal aneurysm surgery, and neurologic events associated with carotid
      procedures. The series mortality rate was 4%; 44 procedures were free of
      complications; patency rates were not significantly different from published
      reports; the initial amputation rate was 7.4%; and only one out of ten patients
      was known to have died following aneurysm surgery. Neither of the two carotid
      procedures included neurologic complications. These data suggest that factors
      other than a surgeon's annual case load may influence the quality of the results
      and point out the need to further study this question in light of current
      admission criteria for the vascular surgery examination.

PMID- 4015366
TI  - Primary arteriovenous fistulas of the abdomen. Their occurrence secondary to
      aneurysmal disease of the aorta and iliac arteries.
AB  - We present three cases of arteriovenous fistula secondary to aneurysmal disease.
      The first patient, a 75-year-old man, presented with abdominal pain, a large
      pulsatile mass, and renal failure. He underwent repair of his aortocaval fistula;
      his renal failure resolved and the remainder of his course was uneventful. The
      second patient, a 77-year-old man, presented with a several-day history of
      nausea, lower abdominal pain, and a pulsatile mass. He underwent repair of his
      aortocaval fistula but died on the 21st postoperative day of progressive
      pulmonary failure. The third patient, a 76-year-old man, presented with an
      episode of syncope and subsequent rapid development of left lower extremity
      edema. He was subsequently found to have a right iliac artery to left iliac vein
      fistula, which was repaired. He did well postoperatively with gradual resolution
      of his lower extremity edema.

PMID- 4015367
TI  - Sutureless intraluminal graft for repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - A series of seven patients undergoing elective repair of abdominal aortic
      aneurysms using sutureless intraluminal aortic prostheses for infrarenal tube
      grafts was reviewed. Follow-up was five to seven months. There was no morbidity
      related to the graft and one late mortality. In the uncomplicated cases, the
      average total operative time was two hours 14 minutes with no bank blood
      transfusions. The overall average operative time was two hours 41 minutes with an
      average operative transfusion of 0.28 units and total transfusions of 1.70 units
      of bank blood per case. Based on this experience and the observation that
      operative time and blood loss are major determinants of mortality with emergency
      abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs, we believe that use of sutureless intraluminal
      prostheses in suitable cases of leaking or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms
      has the potential to markedly improve survival.

PMID- 4015368
TI  - Retroperitoneal inflow procedures for iliac occlusive vascular disease.
AB  - We reviewed our experience over the past six years with retroperitoneal inflow
      procedures (aortofemoral and iliofemoral bypass grafts) in high-risk patients
      with aortoiliac occlusive disease. There were 57 limbs in 40 patients. Twenty
      percent of the patients were diabetic, 80% were smokers, 40% had heart disease,
      54% had hypertension, and 25% had symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease. The average patient age was 64 years. There was no operative mortality
      and cumulative patency rate by life-table analysis at four years was 84%. The
      site of the proximal anastomosis (aorta vs iliac) or the configuration of the
      graft (unifemoral vs bifemoral) did not influence the patency rate.
      Retroperitoneal inflow procedures are an excellent alternative in patients who
      present an unacceptably high risk for standard aortofemoral reconstruction.

PMID- 4015369
TI  - Venous stasis ulceration. Effectiveness of subfascial ligation.
AB  - Forty-seven extremities with recurrent venous ulceration were treated by
      subfascial ligation of incompetent perforating veins. The limbs were observed for
      an average of 8.5 years (range, 0.5 to 13 years). The risk for recurrence was
      22%, 41%, and 51% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Patients with bilateral
      ulceration or prior venous ligation were at the highest risk for recurrence,
      while those with prior excision of prominent varicose veins had a reduced risk.
      There has been no loss of limbs or life secondary to this venous problem during
      the 398 cumulative years of observation.

PMID- 4015370
TI  - A comprehensive approach to extremity vascular trauma.
AB  - A review of our experience with 368 patients with 382 extremity injuries has
      resulted in a treatment plan resulting in improved patient care and limb
      survival. A thorough examination of the injured extremity will help diagnose a
      significant vascular injury in the presence of certain clinical findings, eg,
      bruit or thrill (100%), signs of acute ischemia (100%), absent pulse (91%), shock
      (89%), neurologic deficit (78%), and hematoma (55%). Arteriography in proximity
      injuries has resulted in an abnormal finding in 16% of cases. A total of 165
      vascular injuries, including 112 arterial and 53 venous injuries, were repaired
      using a variety of techniques. In 136 patients undergoing operative intervention,
      there was no operative mortality and a 1.5% amputation rate.

PMID- 4015371
TI  - Free-floating iliofemoral thrombus. A risk of pulmonary embolism.
AB  - We retrospectively evaluated the risk of pulmonary embolism in hospitalized
      patients with venographically proved iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
      Venograms and clinical records of 78 patients with iliofemoral DVT were reviewed
      and the proximal intraluminal thrombus was characterized as free-floating
      (greater than 5-cm nonadherent segment) or occlusive (no free-floating elements).
      The incidence of pulmonary embolism confirmed by high-probability radioisotope
      ventilation-perfusion lung scanning within ten days following venography was 9%
      (7/78) and was associated with 60% (3/5) free-floating and 5.5% (4/73) occlusive
      phlebographic criteria (P less than .05). All patients who experienced pulmonary
      embolism were given therapeutic heparin treatment (partial thromboplastin time,
      more than twice the control value). The mean (+/- SD) time from the diagnosis of
      DVT to pulmonary embolism was 104 +/- 60 hours, and 120 +/- 71 hours for patients
      with free-floating and occlusive thrombi, respectively (P greater than .05).
      Patients with iliofemoral DVT that met free-floating criteria are at significant
      risk for pulmonary embolism, despite the administration of heparin.

PMID- 4015372
TI  - In situ femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal bypass. Two-year experience.
AB  - We describe 83 in situ femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal artery bypass grafts.
      The in situ technique involved the valve incision method using scissors, the
      valvulotome (Leather), and a modified valve cutter (Hall). Arteriovenous fistulae
      were detected intraoperatively by angiography and/or the Doppler method and
      ligated. The operative indications were rest pain, ulcer, and gangrene in 88% of
      cases, and claudication in 7.2%. The mean preoperative ankle pressure was 61.3 mm
      Hg and the ankle-brachial index was 0.43. The mean postoperative ankle pressure
      was 125.3 mm Hg and the ankle-brachial index was 0.97. The vein utilization rate
      was 96%. One-year patency for popliteal anastomoses was 85.7%, for peroneal
      anastomoses it was 100%, and for infrapopliteal anastomoses it was 89.6%. The
      data suggest that the practicing vascular surgeon can adopt the in situ technique
      and can expect high graft patency rates even in limb salvage situations with poor
      distal outflow.

PMID- 4015373
TI  - Results of aortic grafting in occlusive vs aneurysmal disease.
AB  - Recent demographic and biochemical studies have suggested that there may be
      significant differences in the population of patients undergoing reconstruction
      for an aortic aneurysm (AA) or atherosclerotic occlusive disease (OCC) of the
      abdominal aorta. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the
      results of aortic surgery in these different patient groups. One hundred three
      patients undergoing aortic grafting were reviewed. Twenty-four patients underwent
      reconstruction for OCC, 65 selectively for asymptomatic aneurysms (EAA), and 14
      for ruptured aortic aneurysms (RAA). The mean age for OCC patients (54 years) was
      significantly lower than that for EAA (68 years) or RAA patients (71 years).
      Patients with AA were predominantly male (92%) compared with those with OCC
      (62%). Despite the age and sex differences, there were no significant differences
      between the groups in the incidence of cardiac disease, hypertension, smoking
      history, diabetes mellitus, or renal or pulmonary disease. In addition, there
      were no significant intraoperative differences in terms of operative and clamp
      times, fluid administration, urine output, hypotension, or subsequent
      postoperative morbidity and mortality. We conclude that despite AA and OCC
      patients being demographically distinct, there is essentially no difference in
      elective aortic bifurcation graft surgery between these two populations.

PMID- 4015374
TI  - Intra-abdominal abscess unassociated with prior operation.
AB  - During the past five years, 65 patients were treated for intra-abdominal
      abscesses unassociated with prior operation. Radiologic tests proved quite
      accurate in confirming the diagnosis. Abdominal x-ray films were abnormal in 25
      (57%) of 44 patients, as were ultrasonograms in 33 (89%) of 37 patients, computed
      tomography scans in 13 (100%) of 13 patients, and gallium scans in five (100%) of
      five patients. Celiotomy was performed in each patient with both abscess drainage
      and the appropriate management of the diseased organ. Seven patients (10.8%)
      died, and in five death was due to uncontrolled sepsis. Duration of
      hospitalization averaged 23 days (seven days preoperatively and 16 days
      postoperatively). Twenty-two (34%) of 65 patients had an incorrect preoperative
      diagnosis leading to prolonged antibiotic treatment and delay in operation. The
      mortality was significant in seven (10.8%) of 65 patients, unrelated to the type
      of operative drainage (Penrose v sump) but clearly related to uncontrolled intra
      abdominal sepsis. A heightened suspicion of this problem should allow for an
      earlier diagnosis and an improved outcome. Prompt abdominal reexploration is
      indicated in those patients manifesting continued evidence of sepsis or organ
      failure.

PMID- 4015375
TI  - Review of gunshot wounds in Dayton, Ohio. Demographics, anatomic areas, results,
      and costs.
AB  - A retrospective review of 210 admissions for gunshot wounds was performed to
      evaluate the frequency that various anatomic areas were injured, complication
      rates, results of treatment, and costs. Seventy-two percent of patients had a
      single anatomic site involved. The complication rate was 13% and the death rate
      was 10.9%. A good result was obtained in 72%, but 12.4% had long-term
      disabilities. The average length of stay was 11 days with an average cost of
      +5,682 per patient. Application of today's prospective payment under diagnosis
      related groups suggests this system of payment may adversely affect the delivery
      of trauma care in this country.

PMID- 4015376
TI  - A comparison of decision analysis and second opinions for surgical decisions.
AB  - Second opinions and decision analysis, a mathematical process the decision maker
      can use to represent and solve problems, were compared in hypothetical surgical
      situations. Fifty expert surgeons gave opinions and provided the information
      necessary to solve the problems by decision analyses. Each surgeon's opinion was
      randomly selected again as a second opinion. In six difficult cases, 59% of the
      individual opinions were correct when compared with previously determined
      answers. For two surgical second-opinion protocols, the accuracies were 54% and
      60%. The accuracy of the decision analyses was 69%. Improvement from second
      opinion protocols can be predicted mathematically and is limited. Improvement
      from decision analysis is not limited by mathematical constraints. Decision
      analysis may be preferable to second opinions in verifying surgical decisions.

PMID- 4015377
TI  - Extraorbital sebaceous carcinoma.
AB  - Although sebaceous carcinoma constitutes 1% to 5.5% of all malignant neoplasms of
      the eyelid, less than 100 cases arising in extraorbital sites have been reported.
      We treated two cases of extraorbital sebaceous carcinoma arising in anatomic
      regions never previously reported, to our knowledge. These tumors occur generally
      in older patients and affect both sexes equally. No clinical features are
      characteristic of the tumor, but larger skin lesions should be approached with
      suspicion. Appropriate histopathologic identification is particularly important
      in the differential diagnosis. Radical surgery is the only effective treatment
      for this rare tumor, which can recur locally or produce lymph node and even
      distant metastases.

PMID- 4015378
TI  - Congenital anorectal malformations. Harbingers of sacrococcygeal teratomas.
AB  - Since 1973, seven infants treated at the University of Florida, Gainesville, for
      congenital anorectal anomalies have been found to have concomitant sacrococcygeal
      teratomas. As anorectal anomalies occur in approximately one in every 5,000 live
      births and sacrococcygeal teratomas are noted in one in every 40,000 live births,
      this presentation would suggest a prevalence that precludes a random association.
      The presence of significant anorectal strictures in these patients resulted in a
      delay in the diagnosis of the presacral teratomas. As the frequency of malignant
      change in sacrococcygeal teratomas has been documented to increase
      proportionately with age, early diagnosis and excision of these lesions is
      essential. Our experience with these children suggests that the presence of
      congenital anorectal malformations in infancy should raise the physician's index
      of suspicion for associated sacrococcygeal teratomas.

PMID- 4015379
TI  - Peer and/or peerless review. Some vagaries of the editorial process.

PMID- 4015380
TI  - Pancreatic cancer. Adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following
      curative resection.
AB  - The efficacy of combined radiation and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy for
      pancreatic cancer is suggested by a prospective randomized study conducted by the
      Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group (GITSG). Twenty-two patients randomized to no
      adjuvant treatment and 21 to combined therapy were analyzed. Neither life
      threatening toxic reaction nor death due to toxic effect was encountered. The
      study was terminated prematurely because of an unacceptably low rate of accrual
      combined with the observation of increasingly large survival differences between
      the study arms. Median survival for the treatment group (20 months) was
      significantly longer than that observed for the control group (11 months). Four
      patients, three in the treated and one in the control group, have survived five
      years or longer following surgery. The extent of the tumor and initial
      performance status were significantly and independently related to survival.

PMID- 4015381
TI  - Irrigation management of sigmoid colostomy.
AB  - Questionnaires were sent to 270 patients who had undergone abdominoperineal
      resection and sigmoid colostomy at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, during the
      ten years from 1972 to 1982; 223 patients returned their questionnaires with
      evaluable data. Sixty percent of the patients were continent with irrigation, and
      22% were incontinent with irrigation. Eighteen percent had discontinued
      irrigation for various reasons. The proportion continent was higher in women,
      younger patients, and previously constipated patients. A poorly constructed
      colostomy may cause acute angle, parastoma hernia, stomal prolapse, or stenosis
      and thus be the cause of failure of irrigation.

PMID- 4015382
TI  - Growth changes in the thoracic aorta of the piglet following patch angioplasty.
AB  - Patch repair of the thoracic aorta using prosthetic graft material in neonates
      and infants has been advocated, but long-term results have not confirmed that the
      residual aorta grows. In this study five piglets had portions of aortic tissue
      excised, ranging from 38% to 72% of the aortic wall. Each pig underwent patch
      angioplasty repair of the thoracic aorta with prosthetic graft material. Piglets
      achieved full growth at approximately six months. Aortic catheterization and
      contrast angiography were done in each animal before it was killed. Growth and
      histologic study of the aorta was documented at postmortem examination. There
      were no blood pressure gradients at rest or with isoproterenol hydrochloride
      (Isuprel)-epinephrine challenge in four of the five piglets. In one animal that
      underwent a 72% resection of the aortic circumference, a 20-mm gradient was
      present at rest. It was concluded that the thoracic aorta in piglets will grow
      adequately to allow patch grafting of up to 70% of the aortic circumference.

PMID- 4015383
TI  - Management of acute postoperative thrombosis following carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - We reviewed 326 carotid endarterectomies performed from 1960 through 1981 and
      encountered five instances of acute postoperative thrombosis. Clinical
      decompensation occurs with the acute onset of severe neurologic deficits, most
      characteristically dense hemiplegias contralateral to the side that has been
      operated on. These deficits developed between two and 72 hours postoperatively.
      Prompt reoperation with thrombectomy and reestablishment of carotid flow within
      two hours from the onset of the neurologic deficit was performed on four patients
      with complete resolution of the deficits in three patients. The fourth patient
      recovered from a severe hemiplegia but retained a slight residual weakness of the
      hand. The one patient whose condition did not improve underwent thrombectomy more
      than 24 hours after the onset of her deficit. Time-consuming diagnostic
      procedures are not warranted as the success of reoperation depends on rapid
      reestablishment of cerebral flow.

PMID- 4015384
TI  - Regional blood flow and water content of the obstructed small intestine.
AB  - The effects of small-bowel obstruction on the regional distribution of blood flow
      and water content were studied in a new chronic dog model. Nonstrangulative
      obstruction was induced 40 cm proximal to the canine ileocolic valve. Blood flow
      was measured with 15-micron microspheres and hemodynamic and respiratory values
      were recorded before (experimental phase I) and five days after (experimental
      phase II) the induction of the obstruction. Two separate control groups of dogs
      were studied: baseline controls and sham-operative groups (phases I and II).
      Hemodynamic and respiratory values were stable in both phases in all groups. A
      comparison of sham phase-II data with the experimental phase-II data in the 120
      cm segment of bowel proximal to the site of obstruction showed an 85% increase in
      blood flow (range, 49% to 106%); for the 280 cm of bowel proximal to the site of
      obstruction, there was a 6% increase in water content (range, 5% to 9%), and a
      39% decrease in dry bowel weight (range, 34% to 46%). These findings help
      illustrate the pathophysiologic characteristics of microvascular changes in bowel
      obstruction, which are likely to have particular clinical significance for
      patients with cardiopulmonary diseases.

PMID- 4015385
TI  - In situ distal saphenous vein bypass using the intraluminal valve-disruption
      technique.
AB  - In the last few years there has been a resurgence of interest in in situ
      saphenous vein bypass for lower extremity revascularization because of improved
      patency rates. We performed 28 in situ bypass operations in 26 patients with
      threatened limbs using the intraluminal Hall valve disrupter. Seventy-five
      percent of these bypasses were to tibial vessels and had a 93% early patency
      rate. Three late failures were salvaged before thrombosis of the bypass,
      resulting in a cumulative patency rate of 93% with a mean follow-up of 17 months.
      In situ saphenous vein bypass has become our procedure of choice for distal
      reconstruction in severely ischemic limbs because of improved long-term patency
      compared with reversed-saphenous vein bypass.

PMID- 4015386
TI  - 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. Effect on mortality rate in a septic rat model.
AB  - Neutrophil-derived oxygen-free radicals may play a role in organ dysfunction
      associated with generalized sepsis. A rat model was used to test the effects of
      two free radical scavengers, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic
      acid (2,3-DHB), on mortality from intra-abdominal sepsis produced by cecal
      ligation and perforation. Being an iron-chelating agent, 2,3-DHB may have an
      additional bacteriostatic effect. Therapeutic regimens included no treatment;
      gentamicin sulfate (2 mg given intraperitoneally [IP] every eight hours); DMSO (2
      g/24 hr given IP every eight hours in divided doses); 2,3-DHB (35 mg/kg given IP
      every eight hours); and combinations of gentamicin with each free radical
      scavenger. No statistically significant improvement in survival was obtained by
      therapeutic intervention with gentamicin alone, DMSO alone, 2,3-DHB alone, or
      gentamicin in combination with DMSO. When used in combination with gentamicin,
      2,3-DHB yielded a statistically significant improvement in survival when compared
      with gentamicin alone or with no treatment. These results show that 2,3-DHB when
      used in combination with gentamicin has a beneficial effect on mortality
      following intra-abdominal sepsis in this model.

PMID- 4015387
TI  - The effect of vitamin E on experimentally induced peritoneal adhesions in mice.
AB  - Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that dietary supplementation with
      vitamin A enhances peritoneal adhesion formation in mice. Other researchers have
      shown that vitamin E antagonizes some effects of vitamin A in various systems,
      eg, wound healing. We investigated our hypothesis that dietary supplementation
      with vitamin E would decrease peritoneal adhesion formation. Adult mice were
      divided into the following groups: group 1, which ate a standard chow containing
      65 IU of vitamin E per kilogram diet (twice the National Research Council's
      recommended daily allowance for normal mice); and group 2, which ate the same
      chow supplemented with vitamin E at 300 IU/kg diet (a nontoxic level). Following
      peritoneal ligation, all mice were killed on the tenth postoperative day and
      their peritoneal cavities examined for the presence and extent of adhesions.
      There was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence and degree of
      adhesions in the vitamin E-supplemented animals; these data supported our
      hypothesis.

PMID- 4015388
TI  - Colostomy wound closure.
AB  - The management of the wound at the time of colostomy closure has been
      controversial, and wound infection is a frequently cited complication of this
      procedure. We have conducted a prospective randomized study of colostomy wound
      closure in 105 patients with three study groups: (1) primary closure (n = 38);
      (2) primary closure with subcutaneous drains (n = 29); and (3) delayed primary
      closure (n = 38). All patients had mechanical bowel preparation with whole gut
      lavage as well as oral neomycin sulfate/erythromycin estolate and perioperative
      parenteral cefazolin sodium (Ancef). Five wound infections (4.8%) occurred. Three
      infections were in the delayed primary closure group and one infection in each of
      the other two study groups. No statistical difference in wound infection was
      demonstrated. On the basis of the findings in this study, we would not recommend
      delayed primary closure for the management of colostomy closure wounds when
      careful mechanical and antibiotic preparation has been utilized.

PMID- 4015389
TI  - Inguinal hernias in premature infants operated on before discharge from the
      neonatal intensive care unit.
AB  - Sixteen premature infants were operated on during the two-year period from 1981
      through 1982 for inguinal hernia prior to discharge from the hospital. There were
      no complications from the hernias before surgery and during administration of
      anesthesia and postoperative recovery, and no recurrences, would infections, or
      testicular atrophy was noted in long-term follow-up. In contrast to a controlled
      group of 11 full-term patients of this same age who were operated on as
      outpatients, the operating room time, operation time, and time in the recovery
      room were significantly increased for the premature infants. This resulted in a
      22% increase in cost for the correction of the premature inguinal hernias.
      Analysis of the factors in repair of these hernias indicates that this increased
      cost will have to be accepted as part of the care of premature infants in
      neonatal intensive care units.

PMID- 4015390
TI  - The surgical implications of herniation of the urinary bladder.
AB  - The urinary bladder is often involved in an inguinal hernia, but herniation of
      the entire bladder into the scrotum is rare. As many as 4% of inguinal hernias
      may involve the bladder, usually in the form of a sliding hernia. Most urinary
      bladder herniations are diagnosed at the time of inguinal herniorrhaphy, and are
      therefore most commonly repaired through an inguinal incision. If the diagnosis
      requires amendment, alternative surgical approaches are available. We studied two
      patients with massive inguinoscrotal herniation of the urinary bladder, commonly
      referred to as "scrotal cystocele." We reviewed the literature, incidence,
      causes, diagnosis, and surgical consideration of herniation of the urinary
      bladder, and gave particular attention to the interrelationship of bladder
      herniations with inguinal hernias.

PMID- 4015391
TI  - Isolated traumatic aortic valvular insufficiency with rapid pulmonary
      deterioration. Report of two cases.
AB  - Blunt trauma followed by aortic valvular insufficiency occurs rarely. Valve
      replacement or repair has most often taken place several months or years after
      injury; only a few cases have been reported of acute operative intervention
      performed within a few days after injury. However, we herein report two cases of
      isolated aortic valvular trauma in young men, in whom fulminant pulmonary edema
      ensued so rapidly that urgent aortic valve replacement was necessitated within
      hours after injury.

PMID- 4015392
TI  - Biomonitoring of aniline and nitrobenzene. Hemoglobin binding in rats and
      analysis of adducts.
AB  - Covalent binding to hemoglobin was studied to further substantiate the proposal
      that it may be used for biomonitoring N-substituted aryl compounds. (14C)-Labeled
      acetanilide and nitrobenzene were orally administered to female Wistar rats and
      binding indices [Binding(mmol/mol Hb)/Dose(mmol/kg)] determined; these were 12 +/
      1 and 73 +/- 10, respectively. After mild acidic or alkaline hydrolysis, 90% of
      the bound material was released and identified as aniline by radio thin layer
      chromatography. This supports the hypothesis that nitroso aryl derivatives,
      common intermediates in the metabolism of N-substituted aryl compounds, react
      with SH-groups of hemoglobin to yield sulfinic acid amides. Aniline was
      furthermore identified and quantified by capillary gas chromatography, using
      hemoglobin from animals treated with unlabeled aniline and nitrobenzene. Binding
      indices in this case were 30 +/- 3 and 85 +/- 19, respectively. With this method
      human blood samples may also be analysed. Although nitrobenzene is known to
      produce less methemoglobin than aniline, hemoglobin binding is higher. This
      indicates that hemoglobin binding may be a better index of body burden than
      methemoglobin levels in biomonitoring N-substituted aryl compounds.

PMID- 4015393
TI  - Absence of lipid peroxidation as determined by ethane exhalation in rats treated
      with 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).
AB  - The exhalation of ethane is widely used as an indicator of in vivo lipid
      peroxidation. To test the hypothesis that lipid peroxidative events are involved
      in the toxicity of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), we administered
      a lethal dose of TCDD (60 micrograms/kg), IP to male Sprague-Dawley rats (160-180
      g) and measured by gas chromatography the exhalation of ethane into the
      atmosphere of a closed all-glass exposure chamber. TCDD-treated rats exhaled only
      slightly more ethane than control rats at a single time point 7 days following
      TCDD administration. Since the exhalation of ethane is the net result of the
      endogenous production of the gas and its metabolic degradation, the latter was
      quantified by measuring the clearance of exogenous ethane (initial concentration
      = 100 ppm) introduced to the atmosphere of the exposure chamber. The clearance of
      ethane in TCDD-treated rats was markedly decreased, reaching a minimum 7 days
      following TCDD treatment. Apparently, the slight increase in exhaled ethane was
      due to an inhibition of ethane metabolism caused by TCDD. However, rats obviously
      intoxicated and having lost considerable body weight might be impaired in their
      ability to transport ethane. To bypass this problem we injected ethane (0.2 ml)
      directly into the rats IP. Here also the metabolic clearance in TCDD-treated rats
      was diminished. In a further experiment, rats treated with dithiocarb at a dose
      where ethane metabolism was totally inhibited exhaled more ethane than did TCDD
      treated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015394
TI  - Covalent binding and glutathione depletion in the rat following niridazole
      (ambilhar) pretreatment.
AB  - In vivo and in vitro studies with rats have shown that (14C) niridazole
      (Ambilhar) binds covalently to tissue proteins, but not to nucleic acids. In the
      in vitro experiments, binding required the presence of NADPH in the incubation
      medium, suggesting the production of an active metabolite via a cytochrome P-450
      mediated reaction. Niridazole also caused significant dose-dependent decreases in
      liver and kidney glutathione levels, even though it had no apparent effect on
      blood glutathione. Alteration of tissue glutathione availability by pretreatment
      with chloracetamide or cysteine respectively either increased or decreased the
      NADPH-dependent covalent binding. Pretreatment with phenobarbital, 3
      methylcholanthrene or cobaltous chloride, which change the rate of metabolism of
      (14C) niridazole, similarly altered the extent of protein binding. It is shown
      that the decrease in tissue glutathione concentration is not due to an effect of
      the drug on the activities of either glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or
      glutathione-S-transferases. However, there is a significant reduction in
      glutathione reductase activity in all the tissues studied. The possible
      relationships between the results obtained and the cytotoxic effects of
      niridazole have been discussed.

PMID- 4015396
TI  - Fast uptake kinetics in vitro of 51Cr (VI) by red blood cells of man and rat.
AB  - Fast transport kinetics of 51Cr (VI) into red blood cells (RBCs) in vitro were
      studied. No significant species differences were found between RBCs of man and
      rat. The uptake of 51Cr (VI) by RBCs in whole blood was composed of two different
      first order processes of different velocities (apparent t 1/2 of 22.7 s and 10.4
      min for man and 6.9 s and 10.1 min for rat, respectively). However, even after
      longer time periods a fixed portion of approximately 15% of the administered dose
      remained in the plasma and did not penetrate into RBCs Over the entire
      concentration range studied (10 microM-50 mM), the fast initial uptake followed
      Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The maximal capacity of this Cr(VI) transport into
      RBCs of man and rat was 3.1 X 10(8) CrO4(2-) ions X cell-1 X min-1 and 2.5 X
      10(8) CrO4(-2) ions X cell-1 X min-1, respectively. It is likely that Cr(VI) is
      transported into RBCs via a physiological anion carrier ("band-3-protein").

PMID- 4015395
TI  - Early biochemical and morphological changes of the rat adrenal medulla induced by
      xylitol.
AB  - Long-term administration of high doses of xylitol and other polyols in rats has
      been associated with an increase in adrenal medullary hyperplasia and neoplasia.
      In order to exclude age-related factors and to differentiate between unspecific
      stress reactions and direct effects of the compound administered, a model was
      developed for quantifying early adrenomedullary responses. Male SD rats were fed
      xylitol (10% or 20% in the diet) for 2 and 8 weeks, and early biochemical changes
      were correlated with a stereological analysis of the adrenal medulla. At first,
      the in vivo rate of catecholamine (CA) biosynthesis was slightly decreased (at 2
      weeks). This was followed by an increase in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH)
      activity (at 8 weeks). By that time, the total chromaffin cell volume had
      increased and the number of chromaffin cells per reference volume had decreased
      in a dose-dependent way. The total number of chromaffin cells per adrenal gland
      showed a distinct tendency towards an increase. Adrenal epinephrine and
      norepinephrine contents were not altered, and both tyrosine hydroxylase and
      phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activities remained unchanged. These data
      suggest that continued xylitol administration evoked an inhibitory effect on CA
      synthesis that, together with stimulation of the adrenal medulla brought about by
      the compound, resulted in compensatory medullary hypertrophy and hyperplasia.

PMID- 4015397
TI  - Lead and cadmium in breast milk. Higher levels in urban vs rural mothers during
      the first 3 months of lactation.
AB  - Breast milk from 10 women each from the city of Hamburg and from a rural area was
      analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry for contamination with lead and
      cadmium. Samples were examined at regular intervals for 3 months after birth. On
      day 5 a diurnal profile was analyzed; on the other days milk was taken before and
      after the morning feed. Daily permissible intake (DPI) for lead is 5
      micrograms/kg/day for children; the DPI for cadmium has as yet been determined
      only for adults as 400-500 micrograms/week, equivalent to about 1
      microgram/kg/day (WHO 1972). For breast milk as the main source of nutrition in
      infants, this study shows values of 9.1 +/- 2.5 (SD) microgram/l for lead in the
      rural population, with a tendency to decrease towards the end of lactation. Urban
      mothers had 13.3 +/- 5.5 (SD) microgram/l, with a tendency to increase. This
      difference was significant only on day 45. Mean cadmium content in rural mothers
      was 17.3 +/- 4.9 micrograms/l, with much higher values in the colostrum and a
      decrease after 15 days. Urban mothers had 24.6 +/- 7.3 micrograms/l, again with
      high colostrum values and a subsequent decrease. These latter values are not
      significantly different. Calculated daily intake according to these values is
      presented, based on 840 ml breast milk for a 5.5 kg infant per day. Rural infants
      ingested 0.9-1.3 micrograms/kg/day of lead, and in the city 1.5-2.3
      micrograms/kg/day. Cadmium intake in rural infants amounted from 1.2-1.8
      micrograms/kg/day; in Hamburg it was 1.6-2.2 micrograms/kg/day.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015398
TI  - Phthalates and organophosphorus compounds as cholinesterase inhibitors in
      fractions of industrial hexane impurities.
AB  - Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors have been described in the distillation residue
      of hexane and other industrial solvents. The residue of a commercial hexane has
      been fractionated by preparative chromatography. The anticholinesterase (antiChE)
      activity was isolated in two fractions (F-5, F-7) which contained only 0.61 and
      0.16% respectively of the original dry weight hexane residue. In the former
      fraction, reversible and irreversible progressive inhibition was observed, and
      organophosphorus compounds (OPs) were detected colorimetrically and by gas
      chromatography. This fraction was subfractionated in a second chromatographic
      step. One subfraction containing the highest antiChE activity and 88% phosphorus
      of F-5 was isolated. In this subfraction triphenylphosphate and other not
      definitely identified OP compounds were detected by gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry, together with several adipates and phthalates, including di-n
      butylphthalate. This phthalate could explain the reversible inhibition of ChE by
      the hexane residue, and triphenylphosphate and the unidentified OP the
      irreversible inhibition. A possible toxicological role of these impurities is
      discussed in relation to occupational neuropathies by exposure to solvents.

PMID- 4015399
TI  - Some behavioral effects of early styrene intoxication in experimental animals.
AB  - Male albino rats were administered styrene in groundnut oil, PO at doses of 100
      mg and 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 consecutive days. No neurological
      deficit was observed in any animal during the course of the experiment. Mean %
      avoidance response (learning) for each treated group, from day 1 to day 4 of
      conditioned avoidance response training, revealed a general increase. Styrene
      significantly increased the % avoidance response at both doses as compared to
      controls, although no definite dose-response relationship was evident. No
      significant difference was noted in the spontaneous locomotor activity and
      regional brain catecholamine levels, between controls and treated rats of either
      dose. Serotonin levels in hippocampus, hypothalamus, and mid-brain were
      significantly raised at the higher dose of styrene. Therefore, elevated serotonin
      levels in these brain regions may account for styrene-induced learning.

PMID- 4015400
TI  - Acute thallium intoxication: kinetic study of the relative efficacy of several
      antidotal treatments in rats.
AB  - Rats were administered a sublethal dose of thallium (12.35 mg/kg as aqueous
      thallous sulfate, Tl2SO4, equivalent to 10 mg Tl+/kg per os) on day 0. Urine and
      feces were collected separately every day for 8 days and analyzed by atomic
      absorption spectroscopy. Based on information in the literature, five antidotal
      treatments (dithizone, activated charcoal, furosemide, Prussian Blue, and a
      combination of Prussian Blue and furosemide) were compared with controls for
      their efficacy in reducing the total thallium body load. In the control group
      (C,n = 10) of an approximate administered dose of 2 mg, after 8 days 411
      micrograms (21%) had been eliminated in the urine and 641 micrograms (32%) in the
      feces, making a total of 1,052 micrograms (53%). In the treated groups the
      effects were very significant and in accord with the mode of action of the
      antidotes: furosemide (a diuretic) only enhanced urinary elimination; activated
      charcoal and Prussian Blue (unabsorbed adsorbents) only increased fecal
      elimination; dithizone increased only urinary elimination, whereas combined
      treatment with Prussian Blue and furosemide increased elimination by both routes.
      At the end of 8 days the control group had only eliminated 53% of the dose; this
      was increased to 99% by dithizone, 93% by activated charcoal, 64% by furosemide,
      82% by Prussian Blue and 92% by combining furosemide and Prussian Blue. In view
      of the inherent toxicity of dithizone, it is suggested that treatment with a
      combination of Prussian Blue-furosemide or with activated charcoal should be
      adequate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015402
TI  - An evaluation of the efficacy of charcoal haemoperfusion in the treatment of
      three cases of acute thallium poisoning.
AB  - The efficacy of intermittent charcoal haemoperfusion in combination with forced
      diuresis and Prussian blue therapy was evaluated in three cases of thallium
      poisoning. At a blood flow of 300 ml/min the average blood clearance values
      obtained with haemoperfusion were 72 +/- 11 ml/min (mean +/- SD) at a starting
      blood concentration above 2 mg/l and 120 +/- 23 ml/min (mean +/- SD) below this
      blood level. As a result of the combined intensive treatment, the thallium half
      lives in blood observed during the period monitored were only 25-41 h. Removal of
      thallium by haemoperfusion is faster per unit of time than simultaneous excretion
      by forced diuresis. When forced diuresis was combined with intermittent (4-20 h
      intervals) haemoperfusion therapy, the total elimination by each technique was
      about equivalent over the period of combined treatment. Saturation of the Adsorba
      300 C columns occurred during treatment. As a result, the clearance obtained did
      decrease to half the initial value in 2-3 h. As this decrease in efficacy is
      related to the blood concentration, haemoperfusion is more efficient at lower
      blood concentrations. This is in contradistinction to forced diuresis, of which
      the excretion is proportional to the blood concentration.

PMID- 4015401
TI  - Covalent binding of BP-metabolites to DNA of cultured human hair follicle
      keratinocytes.
AB  - Primary cultures of human hair follicle keratinocytes were established by using a
      basement membrane-like growth substrate, the bovine eye lens capsule. A method
      was adapted for the isolation of 3H-benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-modified DNA from the
      cellular outgrowth of only one hair follicle (approximately 2 X 10(5) cells). In
      a routine procedure hair follicle keratinocytes were incubated with 0.5 microM 3H
      BP for 24 h. The purified DNA was subjected to enzymic hydrolysis and the adducts
      were analyzed by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography followed by HPLC. Only one
      major adduct, which represented 60-80% of the total radioactivity which can be
      confined to modified nucleosides in the LH-20 chromatograph, could be identified.
      This adduct co-chromatographed with the marker adducts resulting from the trans
      addition of the N-2-amino group of guanine to the 10-position of (+/-)-7 beta,8
      alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene. Co
      incubation with 7,8-benzoflavone (0.3 microM), an inhibitor of cytochrome P-448,
      and with 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3-oxide (0.2 microM), an inhibitor of epoxide
      hydrolase, resulted in a marked inhibitory effect (15% of the control binding)
      and a large increase (300% of the control value) in BP-DNA binding respectively.
      Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the cultures with 5,6
      benzoflavone (10 microM) or benz(a)anthracene (10 microM) caused a decrease (75
      and 46% of the control value respectively) in BP-DNA binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015403
TI  - Parathion and gastrointestinal transit in the rat.
AB  - The possibility of in vivo or post-mortem acceleration of gastrointestinal
      transit was investigated in the rat after sublethal or lethal doses of the
      insecticide parathion. Parathion did not change gastrointestinal transit time
      before or after death in the poisoned rat.

PMID- 4015404
TI  - Dexamethasone decreases lethality of rats in acute poisoning with T-2 toxin.
AB  - T-2 toxin, a major trichothecene mycotoxin, was administered intravenously to
      rats. At a dose of 0.75 mg/kg two thirds of the animals died. In animals that
      received dexamethasone (1.6 mg/kg IV) either 30 min before or 1 h after the
      toxin, there was a more than fourfold reduction in lethality rate. Dexamethasone
      injected 3 h after the toxin was less effective. At a lethal dose of T-2 toxin (1
      mg/kg IV) pretreatment with dexamethasone only delayed death, whereas lethality
      rate was barely affected (9/10 vs 10/10 in controls). Dexamethasone markedly
      reduced the incidence of lung edema and diarrhea. The incidence of hemorrhages,
      however, was not reduced by dexamethasone. Gastrointestinal bleeding was even
      more frequent in treated rats than in controls.

PMID- 4015405
TI  - Stability of infectious influenza A viruses to treatment at low pH and heating.
AB  - We have measured the infectivity of influenza A virus strains grown either in
      embryonated eggs or in chick embryo cells in culture after treatment at low pH.
      At pH values at which hemolysis occurs there was an irreversible loss of
      infectivity. The threshold pH, at which the infectivity was lost, depended on the
      hemagglutinin subtype of the virus strain. All H5 and H7 strains tested were
      extremely labile at low pH. In contrast, all H3 strains were relatively stable,
      independent of the species from which the viruses were isolated. With several H1
      viruses the hemagglutination (HA) activity was irreversibly lost at intermediate
      pH values causing inactivation of infectivity. Strains with noncleaved
      hemagglutinins were much more stable. These observations might explain why duck
      influenza viruses can easily survive in lake water and wet faeces, and multiply
      in the intestinal tract, where trypsin is present. There are also significant
      differences in heat stability exhibited by influenza A strains. In contrast to pH
      stability this is not a specific trait of the hemagglutinin, since it can be
      influenced by reassortment. There is no correlation between the stability of
      infectivity at low pH and heat.

PMID- 4015406
TI  - Dengue virus induced polypeptide synthesis. Brief report.
AB  - Dengue 2 virus polypeptide synthesis was investigated in BHK21 cells. Nine or ten
      virus induced polypeptides were identified, three of which are glycoproteins as
      demonstrated by tunicamycin treatment of infected cells. We performed pulse chase
      experiments, experiments with amino-acid analogs, protease inhibitors or
      pactamycin treatment of infected cells, to determine whether or not large
      polypeptide processing occurs. In some of these experiments a large polypeptide
      (P 130) was immunoprecipitated by an anti-dengue 2 serum. We observed a transfer
      of label between small molecular weight polypeptides which might be the result of
      restricted proteolytic cleavage.

PMID- 4015407
TI  - Heterogeneity among influenza H3N2 isolates recovered during an outbreak. Brief
      report.
AB  - Isolates of the H3N2 subtype recovered during an outbreak have been analyzed at
      the genomic and protein level. No reassortant genomes were detected. By T1
      oligonucleotide fingerprinting of RNA segments coding for hemagglutinin (HA),
      nucleoprotein (NP), and neuraminidase (NA) two genotypes were found.

PMID- 4015408
TI  - Direct evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of human interferon-alpha in
      CFLP mice. Brief report.
AB  - In CFLP mice, intravenously administered partially purified interferon-alpha (IFN
      alpha 2 X 10(6) mu/mg protein), prepared from human leukocytes, reduced
      carrageenan-induced paw swelling and produced slight irritation when injected
      into the footpad. Anti-human IFN-alpha serum abolished the anti-inflammatory
      effect but did not influence local phlogogenic activity. Highly purified human
      IFN-alpha (1.2 X 10(8) mu/mg protein) was also found to be anti-inflammatory
      after intravenous administration, and devoid of irritative effect at the
      injection site. These results suggest that human IFN-alpha possesses a direct
      inhibitory effect on acute inflammation in mice, and the irritation appearing at
      the site of its application might be due to some impurities being present in the
      partially purified preparations.

PMID- 4015409
TI  - Characterization of hemagglutinin variant strains of adenovirus 15 and 9. Brief
      report.
AB  - Five adenovirus 15/Hx and one Ad9/Hx strain with a common novel hemagglutinin
      were compared serologically and by DNA restriction analysis with six
      endonucleases with the related prototypes. The five Ad 15/Hx strains represented
      five different genome types.

PMID- 4015410
TI  - Growth of the Phlebovirus Toscana in a mosquito (Aedes pseudoscutellaris) cell
      line (AP-61): establishment of a persistent infection.
AB  - Toscana Virus, a sandfly-associated Phlebovirus, was adapted to grow in cultured
      Aedes pseudoscutellaris (AP-61) mosquito cell line. No evidence of virus growth
      was seen after primary infection of cell monolayers under maintenance conditions.
      On the contrary, persistent infections were established by subculturing infected
      cultures. Cytopathic effect was never observed. Significant titres of virus
      (10(3)-10(5) PFU/ml), as assayed in Vero cells at 37 degrees C, were released
      from persistent infected cells after several subcultures at 29 degrees C over a
      period of six months. The percentage of virus-producing cells in the persistently
      infected cultures varied from 0.003 to to 0.017 per cent, whereas from 10 to 50
      per cent of cells were shown to retain viral antigens by immunofluorescence. The
      virus released from persistently infected cultures did not show changes in both
      plaque size and temperature sensitivity from the parental virus. The virus
      released from persistently infected cultures multiplied in AP-61 cell monolayers
      reaching relatively high titres (10(4) PFU/ml).

PMID- 4015411
TI  - [Connections between the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus and the parietal
      and occipital areas of the cerebral hemispheres in the cat].
AB  - A light optic and electron microscopic investigation on distribution of fibers
      from the thalamic posterolateral nucleus has been performed in the cat cerebral
      cortex. The fibers studied are revealed in the fields 7, 19 and 18. In the field
      7 they are most numerous, comparatively seldom they are found in the field 19 and
      still more seldom--in the field 18. In the fields 7 and 19 identical
      peculiarities on distribution and termination of the fibers are noted: they
      spread across the whole cortex and end in all the layers with a predominant
      concentration in the layers III and IV. Most of the fibers make contacts on small
      dendritic branches and spines. In the field 18 the fibers are mainly limited by
      the medial layers and terminate predominantly on small, middle-sized dendritic
      branches, and comparatively rare--on the spines.

PMID- 4015412
TI  - [Connections between the structuro-spatial architectonics of the neural apparatus
      of the thyroid gland and its functional activity during cold adaptation].
AB  - By means of the fluorescent-histochemical method for revealing monoamines in
      combination with morphometric analysis and radiologic testing, the thyroid gland
      activity has been estimated. The spatial characteristics of the perivascular and
      parafollicular adrenergic plexuses are closely interrelated in time with
      fluctuations of the specific thyroid function that accompanies the development of
      the organism's adaptation. Redistribution of the monoamines transport canals
      towards structures of the greatest functional strain results in an increased
      density of the parafollicular sympathetic neural apparatus which directly
      performs the adaptational-trophic influence on thyrocytes. This ensures the
      status of a moderate hyperactivity in the organ.

PMID- 4015413
TI  - [Myeloarchitectonics of the vagus nerve in man].
AB  - In serial electively stained transversal sections of the vagus nerve trunk taken
      at the levels beginning from its exit out of the brain, up to terminal branches
      in the abdominal cavity (10 corpses of mature persons) myelin fibers of three
      classes have been counted. Along the course of the nerve trunk in the
      craniocaudal direction the total number of the myelin fibers decreases. Only
      about 10% of the initial amount of the myelin conductors revealed at the level of
      the intracranial part of the vagus nerve get into the abdominal cavity.
      Simultaneously, the ratio of the myelin fibers belonging to different classes
      changes: the part of the fine conductors increases, and that of the fibers having
      middle and large diameters decreases. The most important in the dynamics of the
      whole amount of myelin fibers and in the number of the conductors belonging to
      different classes at all the levels of the nerve trunk is the getting off the
      organs' branches with various functional specialization.

PMID- 4015415
TI  - [Structural features of the intrinsic venous bed of the human urinary bladder].
AB  - The intraorganic veins of the human urinary bladder have been studied in a vast
      sectional material. The veins within the organ make an enormous multilayered
      plexus which is differently organized in various layers of its wall. Abundant
      anastomoses, multiplicated ways for outflow from every layer, manifested
      interactions between the venous plexuses are specific for the intraorganic venous
      bed of the urinary bladder. The structures for an active regulating the
      hemomicrocirculatory blood stream are widely presented in the urinary bladder. In
      its every tunic certain specific morpho-functional features for organization and
      adaptation of the intraorganic venous bed are revealed.

PMID- 4015414
TI  - [Constitutional and age-related properties of the aortic isthmus].
AB  - By means of micro- and macropreparation and morphometry methods in 200 corpses of
      children and adult persons, it has been stated that skeletotopy and syntopy of
      the aortal isthmus depends on the constitution of the person. Certain objective
      criteria have been elaborated for surgical approaches to the aortal isthmus. In
      little children, during early and first childhood, anterolateral thoracotomy
      should be performed in the III intercostal space; in persons with brachymorphose
      type of constitution--left-sided thoracotomy in the IV intercostal space; in
      persons with transitional and long-narrow thorax--left-sided thoracotomy in the V
      intercostal space with resection of the V rib.

PMID- 4015416
TI  - [Microangiographic signs of blood vessel rearrangement during tumor growth].
AB  - In the experiment performed in mice with a subcutaneously implanted sarcoma-37 on
      the chin, rearrangement of the blood vessels has been followed by means of micro
      roentgenography. In the process of the implanted tumour growth, the blood vessels
      undergo a profound functional-anatomical rearrangement, which develops, beginning
      from the first hours, in two ways: at the expense of the peripheral vessels
      rearrangement in the recepient and at the expense of real tumorous vessels
      development ensuaring vascular trophic of the tumour.

PMID- 4015417
TI  - [Stereologic analysis of the respiratory zone of the lungs of the laboratory rat
      and man during aging].
AB  - By means of stereological analysis methods, lungs of mature and ageing laboratory
      rats and those of human beings at the age of 21-40, 41-60 and further have been
      studied. During the process of ageing the fraction of nonparenchymatous
      structures increases, while that of parenchyma decreases. Architectonics of acini
      is described: the volume of central passages increases and the volume of alveolar
      air decreases. The form of the alveoli approaches the spherical one. The area of
      the internal surface and the alveolar volume increase. The total number of the
      alveoli and the area of the respiratory lining decrease. The total number of the
      alveolar capillaries does not change, however, the density of their distribution
      grows small. The area and volume of a separate segment of the alveolar
      capillaries grow large. The age rearrangement of the respiratory zone
      morphologically differs from the changes that are observed at the obstructive
      emphysema.

PMID- 4015418
TI  - [Structure of the spleen of Papio hamadryas during ontogenesis].
AB  - By means of morphometrical and histochemical methods serial topographic sections
      of the spleen have been studied in 23 Papio hamadryas of five age groups:
      fetuses, newborns, 1.5-2 years of age, mature and old animals. The peculiarities
      of morphogenesis and age histology of the monkey spleen have been followed and
      their similarity with changes of the organ in the human ontogenesis has been
      compared. Owing to the analysis of the structural components and the cellular
      composition relations, it is possible to conclude that in the fetuses the
      histological structure of the spleen is not completed, the maximal cytopoetic
      activity of the organ is observed in 1.5-2-year-old animals and involutionary
      changes begin in mature period. Possible functional peculiarities of the spleen
      are considered during various age periods.

PMID- 4015419
TI  - [Colony-forming ability of precursor cells of granulomonocytopoiesis in an agar
      bilayer system in healthy subjects].
AB  - It is necessary to know growth characteristics of normal hemopoietic cells in
      order to estimate their clonogenic properties at different diseases of the blood
      system. Twelve healthy persons at the age of 27-49 years have been examined.
      Cellular aggregates have been counted on the 7th day. The aggregates containing
      more than 20 cells are considered as colonies, the aggregates containing 3-20
      cells--as clusteres. The number of the aggregates is recounted as 1.10(5) nuclear
      cells. Among the colonies the overwhelming majority belong to neutrophilic ones,
      among the clusters this predominance is not so clearly manifested. The cells
      become mature up to the stab and segmental neutrophils and monocytes. Among the
      clusters, besides the neutrophilic aggregates, there is an essential part of the
      macrophagal ones.

PMID- 4015420
TI  - [Features of adaptive changes in the knee joints of fencers exposed to
      specialized loads].
AB  - Sportsman-fencers (683 persons) of various qualification and types of fencing
      (sabre fencers, foil fencers, swordsmen) have been roentgenologically examined.
      Of them 97 have been examined for the second time in a year. For a comparison 204
      persons nonsportsmen have been examined. Increased specialized loadings of chop
      push character, peculiar for fencing, accelerate processes of bone sinostosis and
      result in certain morphological changes in the components of the knee joint: the
      joint cartilage becomes thinner (as demonstrates the roentgenologically measured
      joint cleft), periostal osteogenesis on the surface of epiphyses, endothelial
      osteogenesis in the bone diaphyses become activated.

PMID- 4015421
TI  - [Dynamics of the ultrastructure of fibroblasts during pre- and postnatal
      development of the dermis in the rat according to electronic morphometry].
AB  - Fibroblasts have been investigated in 18-day-old embryos, in newborns, in 2-week
      old and in 2-month-old rats of postnatal development. Comparison of fibroblasts
      population is specific for each stage. Average section area of the fibroblasts
      nucleus is progressively decreasing during ontogenesis. Average section area of
      cytoplasm reaches its maximum by the end of the second week of the life and then
      decreases sharply, and therefore the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio in the fibroblasts
      is minimal at the age of two weeks. The Golgi complex section area decreases
      significantly in mature animals as compared to the young ones. Summational extent
      of the granular endoplasmic reticulum membranes in the fibroblast section in the
      2-week-old animals is 2.5 times as great as the corresponding parameters in the
      fetuses, newborns and mature animals. This parameter is greatly informative for
      determining the fibroblast type in accordance with its synthetic activity.

PMID- 4015422
TI  - [Device for raising cadavers out of baths].

PMID- 4015423
TI  - [Modelling organs out of modelling clay as a practical exercise in anatomy].

PMID- 4015424
TI  - [Histophysiologic microsystem as an element in the structural hierarchy of the
      body].

PMID- 4015425
TI  - Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: a device for malignant
      ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death.

PMID- 4015426
TI  - Barrett's esophagus.

PMID- 4015427
TI  - Gonorrhea in medically indigent (AHCCCS) patients.

PMID- 4015428
TI  - Autopsie nouvelle.

PMID- 4015429
TI  - Mechanical ventilation: weaning criteria and methods.

PMID- 4015430
TI  - Early experience with an implantable reservoir for intravenous chemotherapy.

PMID- 4015431
TI  - Air embolism during neurosurgery in children.

PMID- 4015432
TI  - Herpes simplex virus (type 1) encephalitis: report of a case treated with
      acyclovir.

PMID- 4015433
TI  - Immunosuppression with corticosteroids and thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: an
      evaluation of immediate and short term results in 20 patients.
AB  - A comparative study was conducted on two groups of patients with the generalized
      severe form of myasthenia gravis. The first group of 20 patients received oral
      daily doses of 60-100 mg of prednisone prior to thymectomy. The control group of
      20 were submitted to surgery without prior corticosteroid treatment. The study
      included statistical analysis of the clinical results and surgical complications
      for both groups. The authors concluded that the use of steroids preoperatively is
      beneficial.

PMID- 4015434
TI  - [Detection by the immunoenzymatic test ELISA of IgM anti-Cysticercus cellulosae
      antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid in neurocysticercosis].
AB  - IgM antibodies against Cysticercus cellulosae in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      was demonstrated by ELISA immunoenzymatic assay in neurocysticercosis. CSF
      samples of 41 patients were analyzed for this purpose. Diagnosis was
      neurocysticercosis in 26 and neurosyphilis in 5; abnormalities were not
      registered in the other 10 cases. Neurosyphilis samples and no-abnormalities
      samples were considered as control groups. ELISA IgM assay for cysticercosis was
      negative in all CSF samples of control groups and it was positive in 12 of the 26
      CSF samples of the neurocysticercosis group (46.2%). Titers ranged from 4 till
      32. Positive results were no more obtained after previous treatment of CSF
      samples by 2-mercaptoethanol. ELISA IgM and IgG titers were compared. IgM titers
      wee higher than IgG titers in two cases. Results obtained were compared to those
      found through complement fixation, immunofluorescence and hemagglutination tests
      for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis.

PMID- 4015435
TI  - [Neurocryptococosis and immunosuppression: experimental model in mice].
AB  - In order to accomplish a model for immunosuppression in experimental conditions
      two lots of 50 young mice were divided into groups of 10, and submitted to
      dexamethasone ingestion. Two experiments were considered in the study. In the
      first experiment conditions for immunosuppression were established in 50 mice, by
      per os supply of several concentrations of dexamethasone in the water given for
      normal daily intake ad libitum. Criteria of immunosuppression considered include:
      hair standing on end; leukopenia by decrease of lymphocyte population; spleen
      atrophy in relation to controls, with severe hypoplasy of all lymphoid
      structures. In the second experiment another lot of 50 mice in similar conditions
      established for the first experiment and concerning the immunosuppression were
      submitted to intraperitoneal inoculation of near 10(6) Cryptococcus neoformans.
      Culture suspensions of cryptococci isolated from cerebrospinal fluid samples of
      human neurocryptococcosis cases were used for this purpose. Although fungi could
      be recognized in lungs, liver and spleen from every mice inoculated, only those
      with central nervous system involvement (near by an half of all) died. The
      discussion included considerations about the role of the blood-brain barrier
      function in the findings registered.

PMID- 4015436
TI  - [Transient global amnesia: study of 26 cases].
AB  - The clinical picture and investigation of 26 patients (16 males and 10 females)
      with diagnosis of transient global amnesia (TGA) are reported. Age ranged from 51
      to 78 years at the time of TGA, which occurred mor often between 60 and 70 year
      old people. Three patients presented more than one episode (3, 4 and 5).
      Precipitating factors were identified in 8 cases (emotional stress in 7 and
      physical exercise in 1). Risk factors for cerebrovascular disease were found in
      13 cases, mainly hypertension (9 cases) and diabetes (3 cases). EEG was normal in
      20 cases and disclosed diffuse delta waves in 2, temporal delta waves in 1 and
      temporal theta waves in another patient. CAT scan showed no abnormalities in 3
      cases and ischemia in the vertebro-basilar system in another 2. Brain angiography
      was normal in 1 case and showed abnormalities in the vertebro-basilar system
      arteries in 3. During the follow-up period, which ranged from 1 to 84 months, no
      neurologic deterioration was seen. The role of risk factors for vascular
      diseases, epilepsy and migraine in the development of TGA is discussed.

PMID- 4015437
TI  - [Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: diagnosis during life by biopsy of the
      conjunctiva].
AB  - Three cases of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy diagnosed by conjunctival biopsy
      are reported. Some axons of the conjunctival nerves showed aggregates of tubular
      and membranous structures identical to the spheroids of the CNS. The
      visualization of these structures is the only diagnostic tool in this disease of
      unknown metabolic basis. Conjunctival biopsy which is ease to perform is the
      preferential technique for the diagnosis of this disease. Clinically, the intense
      hypotonia with pyramidal tract signs, the absence of seizures, the cerebellar
      atrophy observed at the computerized tomography suggest strongly the diagnosis of
      infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.

PMID- 4015438
TI  - [Neurocysticercosis in the Southeast of Bahia: apropos of 4 cases].
AB  - Report of four cases of neurocysticercosis observed in the Southeast of Bahia.
      This region is situated in the Northeast of brazil. The report is justified by
      the low incidence of the disease in this region of the country according to
      previous studies. Considerations are made on clinical forms observed, diagnosis
      and regional characteristics of human infestation. Public health rules
      considering the disease to be adopted in the region are discussed. The importance
      to consider neurocysticercosis among possible causes of headache and epilepsy in
      this region is emphasized.

PMID- 4015439
TI  - [Isodense intracranial hematomas: study of 5 cases].
AB  - The authors report 5 cases of isodense intracranial hematomas identified by
      computerized tomography and confirmed by angiography and surgical procedures.
      Radiological aspects are discussed and tomographic signals are emphasized.

PMID- 4015440
TI  - [Imotivated laughter: report of 3 cases].
AB  - The authors present three cases where the involuntary, imotivated laughter was a
      distinct finding. The first patient was a 29-year-old engineer, who had had
      several bursts of neurologic deficits, either sensitive or motor, which recovered
      almost completely and was diagnosed as suffering from multiple sclerosis. During
      and after one of the episodes he presented involuntary laughter and has been like
      this since then, albeit in much less extension. The second patient was a 35-year
      old housewife, who presented several episodes of brain infarction in both
      hemispheres which were considered as being the result of arteritis. No specific
      collagen disease was found. The CAT scan showed several hypodense areas in both
      hemispheres. The third patient was a 52-year-old man of Japanese ancestry who
      presented three years ago a sudden ischemic stroke with difficulty in the speech
      and left sided weakness, followed by bursts of imotivated laughter, which
      persisted since then. Subsequently he had another stroke. He is hypertensive and
      diabetic. The authors searched the literature for the different causes of
      involuntary laughter. The occurrence in multiple sclerosis, although reported by
      several authors is by no means a common finding. In the literature available no
      case of cerebral arteritis with involuntary laughter could be found. The
      pathophysiology of this rare symptom was discussed.

PMID- 4015441
TI  - [Neurocutaneous melanosis: autopsy study of a case].
AB  - The clinical, radiological and autopsy features of a 5-month-old child with
      neurocutaneous melanosis are described. The patient had multiple disseminated
      benign cutaneous nevi. The pneumoencephalogram showed non-obstructive
      hydrocephalus. The patient died at the third day of hospitalization and autopsy
      was performed. A mild hydrocephalus and melanic specks in cerebellum and in the
      brainstem were disclosed.

PMID- 4015442
TI  - [Familial myasthenia gravis: report of 2 brothers].
AB  - The familial form of myasthenia gravis is a relatively rare condition, occurring
      in about 3.4 per cent of myasthenic patients. Two familial cases with ocular
      myasthenia gravis are reported. They had a third brother who died probably with
      the same disease. Their parents are cousins. The authors made a brief approach of
      genetic, clinical, statistical and therapeutic aspects of the disease.

PMID- 4015443
TI  - [Jactatio capitis nocturnus: report of a case in an adult].
AB  - A case of an adult female patient with jactatio capitis nocturnus evaluated in a
      sleep disorders center is reported. the unusual characteristics included symptoms
      initiating in early childhood and becoming more frequent with age, specifically
      observed during REM sleep. The occurrence in a 2-year-old son indicates the
      familial aspects of this syndrome.

PMID- 4015444
TI  - [Intracranial arachnoid cyst associated with subdural hygroma: report of a case].
AB  - A case of a 10-year-old boy with a congenital arachnoid cyst in the right middle
      cranial fossa is reported. The symptoms were precipitated by head injury of
      moderate intensity, occurred some days before the beginning of the clinical
      picture. The computerized tomography has demonstrated the existence of a
      simultaneous right fronto-parietal subdural hygroma that was responsible for the
      intracranial hypertension syndrome. The influence of the cyst in the hygroma
      formation has been suggested. The mechanisms of growth, the etiology, clinical
      aspects, the diagnostics and the surgical treatment of the arachnoid cysts are
      discussed.

PMID- 4015446
TI  - What are the ethical and social implications of artificial organs?

PMID- 4015445
TI  - [Hemifacial spasm: report of a case].
AB  - The author reports a case of a 28-year-old white girl who presented typical
      clonic spasm on the left side of the face without previous disorder of the facial
      nerve. No etiology could be determined. The treatment with carbamazepine has
      showed a very good response.

PMID- 4015447
TI  - Use of artificial pancreas and portable insulin infusion pumps in diabetes
      therapy: past, present, and future.
AB  - The development of the artificial pancreas (AP) was an important contribution to
      modern diabetology. The practical and theoretical findings obtained by its
      application in type I diabetic patients gave rise to new forms of treatment,
      i.e., portable insulin pumps and intensified conventional insulin therapy.
      Although these therapies lead to better results than conventional insulin
      administration, there is no doubt that the problems of diabetes therapy can be
      solved only by an implantable AP or pancreas transplantation.

PMID- 4015448
TI  - The present and future of cardiac assist devices.
AB  - This article describes the status of development of an implantable electrically
      powered ventricular assist device designed for a minimum of a 2-year operation in
      patients with advanced heart failure. While these devices are envisioned for
      chronic support of the failing circulation, air-driven blood pumps have been used
      to provide life support to patients with acute ventricular dysfunction produced
      by a reversible myocardial injury of unknown origin. The physical and hemodynamic
      characteristics of the mechanical circulatory support devices are detailed.
      Clinical indications and results are provided on patients treated with temporary
      ventricular assist devices. Long-term follow-up of some patients has demonstrated
      sustained improved cardiac function for up to 5 years after treatment.
      Reperfusion injury and postischemic myocardial depression are discussed as two
      possible etiologies of acute ventricular dysfunction. In the summer of 1984,
      investigators began a collaborative program to test the engineering reliability
      of implantable devices as well as their performance in animals. This 3-year
      Device Readiness Program had a goal of demonstrating an 80% reliability with a
      confidence interval of 70%. In the future, the implantable device will be
      evaluated clinically in selected patients to investigate its ability to support
      circulatory functions and the results of host-device interactions. These devices
      have potential both as experimental tools in studies of heart and vascular
      disease and in the treatment of patients with intractable heart failure.

PMID- 4015449
TI  - Cardiac pacing in Japan.
AB  - A general update on pacemakers and cardiac pacing in Japan in 1981 is presented,
      including costs, prepacing studies, follow-up, pacing center activity, average
      number of first implants per million inhabitants, age of patients at first
      implantation, clinical indications for pacing, etiology, prepacing
      electrocardiogram, pacemaker hardware, electrode leads, electrocardiogram
      indications for pacing, indications for generator or electrode changes, and
      extended application of pacing. The author's data are compared with those
      obtained by the survey of the Seventh World Symposium on Cardiac Pacing.

PMID- 4015450
TI  - Clinical validation of a predictive modeling equation for sodium.
AB  - Changes in plasma sodium (Na) concentration during hemodialysis were predicted by
      changes in Na concentration of the dialysate at equilibrium with the plasma,
      according to the formula C't = CD - (CD - C'0) [(V0 - QFt)/V0]A/QF, where C'0 and
      C't are the Na concentration of the dialysate at equilibrium with the plasma at
      times 0 and t, respectively; QF is the ultrafiltration flow rate; V0 is the
      initial total body water; and CD is the Na dialysate concentration. This modeling
      involves only one parameter, A, which is the effective sodium dialysance and
      depends on the dialyzer, the QF, the plasma water flow rate, and the actual
      Donnan coefficient. Parameter A was evaluated after 1 h of dialysis. Seven
      routine 4-h dialysis sessions were performed in which the Na concentration of
      dialysate at equilibrium with the plasma was measured at varying times. The mean
      (+/- SEM) difference between predicted and measured values was delta C = 0.5 +/-
      0.2 mmol/L. These data support the validity of the model that allows the
      monitoring of Na dialysate concentration to obtain a prescribed Na plasma
      concentration at the end of a dialysis session.

PMID- 4015451
TI  - What is the actual incidence of peritonitis in maintenance peritoneal dialysis? A
      prospective study.
AB  - Generally, the incidence of peritonitis in maintenance peritoneal dialysis
      programs is calculated as a percentage of the total number of treatments or as
      the number of episodes per patient-months. Both statistical methods give the
      wrong impression that peritonitis is seldom observed. However, peritonitis is
      still the major and unsolved challenge to successful long-term peritoneal
      dialysis. The lack of a standard and homogeneous definition of peritonitis is
      another critical point that prevents a rational interpretation of the published
      experiences. In the present study, dialysate cell counts of greater than 1,100
      cells/mm3 were assumed to be the first sign of peritoneal infection. As long as
      more signs and symptoms are required for recognizing peritonitis (fever,
      abdominal pains, positive cultures), the statistical probability of making such a
      diagnosis shows the characteristics of a Poisson distribution. It is concluded
      that in long-term peritoneal dialysis, the currently used statistical methodology
      for evaluation of the incidence of peritonitis, including the clinical definition
      of this complication, is misleading. Dialysate cell counts appear to be the more
      sensitive sign for early diagnosis of peritonitis.

PMID- 4015452
TI  - Technical and clinical data on high-performance hemofiltration: twelve patients
      during one year.
AB  - In 12 chronic hemodialysis patients, postdilutional hemofiltration (HF) was
      substituted for conventional acetate hemodialysis (HD) (4-5 h/session with high
      area capillary dialyzers). In HF, the purposes were to obtain (a) no increase in
      pre-HF uremia compared with pre-HD uremia (high ultrafiltrate volume), (b) an HF
      duration shorter than that of HD (mean ultrafiltrate rate greater than 120
      ml/min), (c) a disposable cost of an HF session identical to that of an HD
      session (reuse of hemofilters and extemporaneous preparation of substitution
      fluid). One-year results were (a) an ultrafiltrate volume of 26.8 L/session and a
      pre-HF uremia of 35.4 mmol/L (pre-HD uremia 34.0 mmol/L), (b) a mean
      ultrafiltrate rate of 143 ml/min and a mean HF duration of 190 min (mean HD
      session duration 250 min), and (c) better clinical tolerance and vascular
      stability in HF than in HD (weight loss 3.5 kg in HF and 3.0 kg in HD). Reuse of
      filters and extemporaneous preparation of substitution fluid were not responsible
      for any pyrogen reaction or bacterial contamination. In conclusion, (a) compared
      with conventional HD, high-flux HF results included identical removal of small
      molecules, improvement in vascular stability, decrease in session duration, and
      identical disposable cost; (b) routine high-flux HF is workable in a dialysis
      unit; (c) vascular access is the most important limiting factor to high-flux HF.
      Today 30-40% of patients can be treated with this method.

PMID- 4015453
TI  - Resin hemoperfusion in hepatic porphyrias.
AB  - In three types of hepatic porphyrias, 32 hemoperfusions over polyhema-coated
      Amberlite XAD-2 resin were performed. An attack of acute intermittent porphyria
      subsided after a 6-h hemoperfusion. During the procedure, 13 L of plasma was
      completely cleared of porphyrins. In a child with variegate porphyria, the
      laboratory changes were slight and no clinical effect of hemoperfusion was seen.
      In a patient suffering from porphyria cutanea tarda resistant to standard
      therapy, 30 hemoperfusions were performed during a period of 10 months. The total
      plasma porphyrin concentration increased sharply following the start of the
      treatment, and preceding the fifth procedure it reached a peak of four times the
      initial value. Since then, the plasma porphyrin level decreased, eventually to
      one-half the starting value. The mean drop in porphyrin level during each
      perfusion was 22%. Similar changes were observed in the amount of porphyrins
      excreted into the urine, which, following an early rise, decreased to 25% of the
      initial value. However, the patient's skin vulnerability improved only slightly.
      There were no untoward effects of the treatment.

PMID- 4015454
TI  - In vivo comparison of different algorithms for the artificial beta-cell.
AB  - Using an extracorporeal artificial beta-cell in chronically diabetic dogs, the
      effects of four different mathematical models of glucose-controlled insulin
      dosage were compared: the Biostator algorithm (quadratic equation), Toronto
      algorithm (hyperbolic tangent function), Karlsburg algorithm (modified first
      order derivative controller), and Ilmenau algorithm (second-order linear
      difference equation). The constants of all formulas implemented for the
      artificial beta-cell were obtained by regression analysis of paired blood glucose
      and plasma insulin data from normal control animals. Thus, they were biologically
      equivalent for all formulas. The patterns of blood glucose, insulin doses, and
      plasma insulin before, during, and after an intravenous glucose infusion test
      performed during the glucose-controlled insulin infusion showed no significant
      differences between the experimental groups subjected to the different
      algorithms. However, in no case were really normal blood glucose response curves
      restored by the artificial beta-cell. This might be due, first, to the fact that
      the algorithm parameters were not adapted to the actual individual insulin
      responsiveness, second, to the unphysiological peripheral venous route of insulin
      administration, and, third, to the lack of appropriate adaptation of the animals
      to normoglycemia.

PMID- 4015455
TI  - Mass transfer characterization of a new polysulfone membrane.
AB  - A new polysulfone capillary membrane has been tested ex vivo for its clearance
      performance under diffusive, combined diffusive and convective, and pure
      convective solute mass transfer. As was expected, increasing convective mass
      transfer produced augmentation only of clearances of high molecular weight
      solutes, and to a much lesser extent than reported for other membranes. This
      behavior is explainable by the enormous diffusive clearance capacity of the new
      membrane, which nearly reaches its theoretical maximal value, as derived from a
      computer model. Based on the very high hydraulic permeability, which makes this
      membrane equally suitable for filtrative and diffusive procedures, no membrane
      solute retention was found up to a molecular weight of 5,000 daltons. Stable
      hemocompatibility parameters (leukocytes, thrombocyte, and complement
      measurements) demonstrated absence of activation by this membrane during
      treatment. It is concluded that since its clearance performance is near the
      theoretical maximal and it shows superior biocompatibility, the membrane exhibits
      negligible interaction with the transported solutes independent of the transport
      mode.

PMID- 4015456
TI  - Relationship between mechanical and hydrodynamic properties of bioprosthesis
      produced from canine aortic valve.
AB  - Static tensile, stress relaxation, and hydrodynamic tests were carried out to
      investigate the relationships between the mechanical deformation or stiffness of
      heart valve leaflets and the opening behavior of bioprosthetic valves. The
      specimens used were fresh and glutaraldehyde (GA)-treated canine aortic valves.
      The tensile strength depended on the fiber orientation in the leaflet. The
      deformability of fresh and 0.05% GA-treated tissues was significantly larger than
      that induced by 0.1-5.0% GA concentrations according to the stress-strain curves.
      The stress relaxation function, which expresses the viscoelastic property, did
      not show significant differences in the 0.05-5.0% range of GA concentrations. In
      the hydrodynamic tests, the opening resistance of fresh and 0.05% GA-treated
      valves was less than that of 0.1-5.0% GA-treated valves. Thus, it was shown that
      the hydrodynamic valve functions were closely related to the material properties
      of aortic valve leaflets.

PMID- 4015457
TI  - Hydraulic driving unit and control system for artificial hearts.
AB  - A driving unit for artificial ventricles was constructed in which the power
      transmission is hydraulic. This avoids the danger of an air embolism, which is
      characteristic of pneumatic drives in the case of membrane rupture. An
      electromagnet as a power source drives a rolling membrane pump to move the
      transmission fluid to the artificial ventricle. This incompressible connection
      allows direct control of membrane motion and pumped blood volume simply by
      measuring the armature stroke. The volume-controlled mode is characterized by
      automatic self-regulation according to Starling's law and self-synchronization
      when the drive is used as a left (or right) ventricular assist device. Several
      measures were taken to increase the operational safety. The hemodynamic
      efficiency of the drive was tested in a number of in vivo experiments. The long
      term stability was proven in a 12-month durability test.

PMID- 4015458
TI  - New hollow-fiber dialyzers.

PMID- 4015459
TI  - New products for blood treatment.

PMID- 4015460
TI  - New hollow-fiber dialyzers.

PMID- 4015461
TI  - A prevalence survey of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders in the
      People's Republic of China.
AB  - A door-to-door survey was conducted in six cities of the People's Republic of
      China. A total of 63,195 individuals were sampled during 1983 to determine the
      prevalence of major neurologic disorders. The survey involved a complete census,
      followed by a pretested interview and brief screening examination with a high
      level of sensitivity for detecting individuals with frequently occurring
      neurologic diseases, including movement disorders. Subjects with abnormal
      responses or findings were examined by a neurologist. There was 100% cooperation
      among the study subjects. Twenty-eight individuals alive on prevalence day (Jan
      1, 1983) were identified as having Parkinson's disease, yielding an age-adjusted
      (to the 1960 US population) prevalence ratio of 57 per 100,000 population. All
      subjects were older than the age of 50 years. After the fifth decade of life, the
      age-specific prevalence ratios increased with age.

PMID- 4015462
TI  - Prognostic significance of hyperglycemia in acute stroke.
AB  - Prognostic significance of hyperglycemia on short-term survival was evaluated in
      72 patients with acute hemispheric stroke. All patients were admitted within 48
      hours of onset, and the neurologic deficit was assessed by means of a
      standardized score. A computed tomogram was taken in all cases on admission.
      Mortality was higher in hyperglycemic patients with no history of diabetes
      mellitus (78%) than in diabetic (45%) and in normoglycemic nondiabetic (29%)
      patients. In nondiabetic patients, the glucose level correlated with the
      neurologic score and with lesion size on computed tomogram. Reactive
      hyperglycemia due to a major stress response accounts for the worse prognosis of
      these patients. This correlation was not found in diabetic patients. Preexisting
      hyperglycemia, as well as systemic complications, could explain the higher
      mortality in these patients compared with normoglycemic nondiabetic patients.

PMID- 4015463
TI  - Spatial vision in Alzheimer's disease. General findings and a case report.
AB  - Visual contrast sensitivity to sinusoidal gratings of five spatial frequencies
      was measured in 15 patients with Alzheimer's disease and in eight control
      subjects. Contrast sensitivity thresholds were elevated at all frequencies in 14
      patients compared with control subjects. The 15th patient was unique: she had an
      impairment in object and face recognition so severe that she could not recognize
      her husband visually. Her sensitivity to low and intermediate frequencies was
      markedly reduced in relation to that of other patients, whereas her sensitivity
      to the highest frequency tested equaled theirs. These observations emphasize the
      importance of low spatial frequency information for visual object and face
      recognition.

PMID- 4015464
TI  - Neurologic complications of gastric partitioning.
AB  - Six patients who had gastric reduction for morbid obesity suffered severe complex
      neurologic disturbances that included confusion and inappropriate behavior. All
      were profoundly weak or paraplegic, and recovery was delayed and incomplete.
      Encephalopathy was documented by EEG and neurologic examination. The cause is
      uncertain. Acute catabolism of lipid may predispose to damage of the nervous
      system, but relative vitamin deficiency is a more obvious and treatable
      explanation.

PMID- 4015465
TI  - Combined resting-postural tremors.
AB  - We studied eight patients with combined resting-postural tremors, which are
      classified as a subtype of essential tremor. Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride,
      levodopa, and propranolol hydrochloride therapy were not effective in reducing
      these tremors.

PMID- 4015466
TI  - Radial compression neuropathy in advanced Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Radial compression neuropathy developed in four patients with advanced
      Parkinson's disease. Electrodiagnostic studies in two patients documented the
      upper middle part of the arm as the site of nerve injury. The conditions of three
      patients improved over four months. One markedly disabled, bradykinetic patient
      had a permanent flexion deformity of the wrist and hand. Radial compression
      neuropathy may be an initiating factor in the development of hand deformities in
      patients with late-stage parkinsonism.

PMID- 4015467
TI  - Muteness of cerebellar origin.
AB  - Acute bilateral damage to large areas of both cerebellar hemispheres including
      the dentate nuclei led to temporary loss of speech in six children. In each case
      muteness was unassociated with motor paralysis, loss of higher cognitive
      functions, or cranial nerve dysfunction. Muteness lasted one to three months. All
      patients were severely dysarthric during recovery. We conclude that transient
      muteness may result from acute bilateral cerebellar injury.

PMID- 4015468
TI  - Once-daily administration of phenobarbital in adults. Clinical efficacy and
      benefit.
AB  - The clinical anticonvulsant efficacy of once-daily administration of
      phenobarbital sodium was evaluated in 29 adults with head injuries. All patients
      were initially well controlled, with therapeutic blood levels of phenobarbital
      obtained from divided dose regimens, ranging from two to four daily
      administrations. All therapies were then converted to once-daily administration
      of the total dose at bedtime. Twenty-six patients (93%) remained within normal
      therapeutic blood levels without any dose change. Phenobarbital can safely, and
      perhaps should, be administered in a once-a-day regimen, with resultant benefits
      of probable increased compliance and decreased daytime sedation, if administered
      at bedtime.

PMID- 4015469
TI  - Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4015470
TI  - Optic neuritis or multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4015471
TI  - Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4015472
TI  - Pituitary apoplexy. A review.
AB  - Pituitary apoplexy, a rare but life-threatening condition, may be highly variable
      in its clinical appearance and therefore should be considered in any patient with
      abrupt neurologic deterioration. We reviewed the literature on acute massive
      pituitary infarction to create an awareness of predisposing factors, the
      pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for its heterogeneous manifestations, and
      possible options for investigation and management. These concepts are reinforced
      by examining the course and outcome of a rare case of pituitary apoplexy
      manifesting a full range of neurologic and endocrine abnormalities.

PMID- 4015474
TI  - Outpatient surgery.

PMID- 4015473
TI  - Severe compression neuropathy following sudden onset of parkinsonian immobility.
AB  - Prolonged immobility with adoption of unusual fixed body postures may lead to
      compression neuropathy. Although parkinsonism has not been considered to
      predispose to nerve compression, we report three patients with Parkinson's
      disease and on-off motor fluctuations who developed severe compression neuropathy
      following a sudden onset off period. The stereotyped posture assumed by
      parkinsonian patients during an off period appears to make them especially prone
      to injury of the radial nerve in the upper arm and the brachial plexus.

PMID- 4015475
TI  - Childhood esotropia.

PMID- 4015476
TI  - Prospective evaluation of radial keratotomy (PERK) study patients.

PMID- 4015477
TI  - Unsuccessful laser cyclophotocoagulation for glaucoma in aniridia.

PMID- 4015478
TI  - Vibrio conjunctivitis.

PMID- 4015479
TI  - Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis.

PMID- 4015480
TI  - Prevention of fluorescein dye extravasation.

PMID- 4015481
TI  - How should we manage a patient with uveal melanoma?

PMID- 4015482
TI  - Comparison of prognosis after enucleation vs cobalt 60 irradiation of melanomas.
AB  - Between December 1962 and May 1979, growth of choroidal and ciliary body
      melanomas was documented in 34 patients prior to enucleation. Twenty-seven of the
      34 patients underwent enucleation during the same time period (1967 through
      1976), when primary treatment with a cobalt 60 episcleral plaque was employed in
      a nonrandomized fashion in 21 patients with similar-sized melanomas. Comparison
      of these two groups of patients, none of whom was unavailable for follow-up and
      all of whom were followed up for a minimum of 66 months, showed that the
      probability of dying of metastatic melanoma within five years after cobalt 60
      therapy was 50% compared with 16% after enucleation. Factors of potential
      importance in explaining this difference included nonrandomization, small number
      of patients in both groups, and greater frequency of anterior location of tumors
      in the cobalt 60 group (76% vs 22%). A randomized, controlled clinical trial is
      required to determine the relative safety of treatment for uveal melanomas.

PMID- 4015483
TI  - Comparison of uveal melanoma growth rates with mitotic index and mortality.
AB  - Between December 1962 and May 1979, growth of choroidal and ciliary body
      melanomas was documented in 34 patients prior to enucleation, and in one patient
      whose eye was obtained at autopsy. Melanoma growth rates in 33 of these 35 eyes
      were calculated and compared with mitotic index, tumor cytology, tumor size, and
      mortality. Each melanoma appeared to grow at a constant rate that varied widely
      in different melanomas. Growth rate correlated with mitotic index. Most large
      tumors and epithelioid and mixed cell melanomas demonstrated fast growth rates.
      Most melanomas causing death contained epithelioid cells and were growing
      rapidly. These findings do not support the conclusion of Zimmerman and colleagues
      that enucleation is responsible for most metastatic deaths. Rather, it argues
      against one of the fundamental assumptions on which their conclusion is based,
      namely, that all melanomas have a relatively uniform slow growth rate prior to
      enucleation.

PMID- 4015484
TI  - Intraocular metastases from cutaneous malignant melanoma.
AB  - We present a consecutive series of ten patients (12 eyes) with symptomatic
      intraocular metastases from primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, with emphasis
      on the variation in clinical features and extent of intraocular involvement. An
      investigation of each patient's history and the presence of other concurrent
      metastatic foci help to establish the diagnosis. Palliative radiation therapy may
      help to control the intraocular metastatic foci and limit the visual loss.

PMID- 4015485
TI  - Retinoblastoma and retinoma occurring in a child with a translocation and
      deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13.
AB  - A young girl who had an active retinoblastoma in the left eye, and a retinoma or
      spontaneously regressed retinoblastoma in the right eye, was found to have a
      complex translocation-deletion involving chromosomes 13 and 10. Karyotypic
      analysis suggested that three simultaneous breaks had led to the interchange of
      centric and telomeric regions of chromosome 10 and 13, with loss of an
      interstitial acentric fragment from 13, which included subband 13q14.2. The child
      is intellectually retarded, and has the characteristic midface appearance
      associated with 13q-deletion syndrome. It is believed that this is the first
      report of a case of retinoblastoma and retinoma occurring in association with 13q
      deletion syndrome.

PMID- 4015486
TI  - Massively invasive diffuse choroidal melanoma.
AB  - A 74-year-old woman was found to have increasing proptosis in a blind, painful
      left eye with neovascular glaucoma. Uveal malignant melanoma with massive orbital
      involvement was diagnosed, and the patient underwent orbital exenteration, with
      preoperative and postoperative orbital irradiation. The tumor was a mixed-cell,
      diffuse uveal malignant melanoma with involvement of the optic nerve adjacent to
      the line of surgical transection and of the optic nerve sheath. Subsequently, the
      cerebrospinal fluid cytology disclosed cells consistent with malignant melanoma,
      despite the absence of neurologic signs or symptoms. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology
      is essential in such cases, and ultrasonography is of value.

PMID- 4015487
TI  - Topical fluorouracil. Pharmacokinetics in normal rabbit eyes.
AB  - Postoperative subconjunctival fluorouracil injections may be a useful adjunct to
      standard glaucoma filtering surgery in eyes that are at high risk of failure.
      Topical administration would be preferable to subconjunctival administration;
      however, there are no data on the ocular penetration of topically applied
      fluorouracil. Consequently, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of topically
      administered fluorouracil labeled with carbon 14 in normal rabbit eyes. One drop
      (approximately 2.4 mg) of fluorouracil resulted in the following concentrations
      at 0.5 and six hours, respectively: 17.3 and 0.9 micrograms/g of conjunctiva;
      24.3 and 1.3 micrograms/g of cornea; 14.6 and 0.2 micrograms/mL of aqueous; 0.8
      and 0.5 microgram/g of lens; 1.1 and 0.3 microgram/g of vitreous; and 0.2 and
      less than 0.1 microgram/mL of serum. Three drops (approximately 7.2 mg) of
      fluorouracil resulted in the following concentrations at 0.5 and eight hours,
      respectively: 589.8 and 1.3 micrograms/g of conjunctiva; 502.9 and 1.8
      micrograms/g of cornea; 199.6 and 0.8 micrograms/mL of aqueous; 6.2 and 0.5
      micrograms/g of lens; 6.8 and 0.5 micrograms/g of vitreous; and 1.3 and 0.2
      microgram/mL of serum. Since a fluorouracil concentration of 0.2 microgram/mL
      inhibits rabbit conjunctival fibroblast proliferation in cell culture by 50%,
      these data suggest that topically applied fluorouracil achieves sufficient levels
      in the ocular compartments and tissues to have potential therapeutic
      applications.

PMID- 4015488
TI  - Optic nerve head blood flow in chronic experimental glaucoma.
AB  - We used the tritiated iodoantipyrine method to estimate blood flow in the retina,
      optic nerve head, and retrobulbar optic nerve in monkey eyes. Twelve eyes with
      short-term intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and nine eyes with long-term (up
      to 20 months) IOP elevation were compared with their fellow normal eyes. The eyes
      with long-term glaucoma were staged for degree of optic nerve damage according to
      disc cup size, nerve fiber layer atrophy, and histologic estimates of the
      remaining number of nerve fibers. At normal IOP levels, there were only minor
      differences in blood flow in the superior, inferior, and middle nerve head
      sections. In eyes with short-term IOP elevation, nerve head blood flow was
      normal, unless IOP exceeded 75 mm Hg. Above this level, a progressive decrease in
      nerve head blood flow was measured. Mean blood flow in the nerve head of eyes
      with long-term glaucoma was not significantly different from that in the normal
      fellow eyes. Some animals had small increases in blood flow, while others had
      small decreases. These differences from normal did not correlate with the amount
      or location of optic nerve damage. Our data do not support decreased blood flow
      as part of the pathogenesis of long-term experimental glaucoma.

PMID- 4015489
TI  - Slit-lamp fluid-gas exchange and other office procedures following vitreoretinal
      surgery.
AB  - Many complicated postoperative vitreoretinal cases require reoperations. It is
      possible to perform some of these procedures outside the operating room. We
      describe examining room techniques for fluid-gas exchange, fluid and gas
      aspiration, and adherent vitreous strand removal. We also discuss a slit-lamp
      technique for using sodium hyaluronate (Healon) following fluid-gas exchange to
      eliminate optical distortion from endothelial striae.

PMID- 4015490
TI  - New Zealand. Ophthalmology, medical education, and national background.

PMID- 4015491
TI  - Trapdoor effect in nasolabial flaps. Causes and corrections.
AB  - The trapdoor effect is an elevated and bulging deformity of tissue within the
      semicircular confines of a U-, C-, or V-shaped scar. Various theories to explain
      this phenomenon are lymphatic and venous obstruction, hypertrophy of the scar,
      excessive fatty and redundant tissue, beveled wound edges, and contracture of the
      scar. Our data suggest that scar contracture is the predominant cause of the
      trapdoor effect in nasolabial flaps. For mild to moderately severe trapdoor
      deformities, multiple, small Z-plasties about the periphery of the nasolabial
      flap are indicated. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections may produce
      a "pharmacologic Z-plasty" effect in some trapdoor deformities. For marked
      trapdoor deformities, the combination of multiple, small Z-plasties along the
      semicircular scar and peripheral undermining about the trapdoor defect is the
      corrective procedure. The trapdoor deformity may be prevented or lessened by
      peripheral undermining about the recipient site of the flap equal to or greater
      in area than the recipient site.

PMID- 4015492
TI  - Oblique forehead flap for total reconstruction of the nasal tip and columella.
AB  - The oblique forehead flap provides sufficient tissue for total reconstruction on
      the nasal tip and columella. In the majority of cases, the secondary defect of
      the forehead can be closed primarily. Thus, the oblique forehead flap often
      obviates the need for a scalping flap, which is a surgical procedure of greater
      magnitude and results in more significant secondary deformity of the skin of the
      forehead.

PMID- 4015493
TI  - The 'note flap'.
AB  - A versatile local skin flap for the closure of facial defects is presented. A
      tangent is drawn to the edge of a circular defect parallel to the relaxed skin
      tension lines for a distance of 1.5 diameter (d); a second line of length d is
      drawn at 50 degrees to 60 degrees to the first to create a triangular flap. The
      final flap design when drawn resembles an eighth note. The tip of the flap is de
      epithelialized to facilitate closure. Two opposing flaps can be used for a larger
      defect if desired. In a series of 20 consecutive patients, the mean length of the
      first side of the flap was 1.4d, the length of the second was 1.1d, and the mean
      tip angle was 50.3 degrees. The area of this average flap is approximately 75% of
      the area of the circular defect. Skin deformation measured on piglets showed the
      major tension vector to be perpendicular to the tangential side of the triangular
      flap.

PMID- 4015494
TI  - Advances in laser skin surgery for vascular lesions.
AB  - Recent advances in laser techniques for the treatment of vascular lesions have
      attempted to overcome the disadvantages of argon laser therapy. The trend toward
      a more selective treatment of these lesions, with preservation of as much normal
      tissue as possible, has been set. Minimal argon laser methods, yellow-dye lasers,
      and treatment with hematoporphyrin derivative photodynamic therapy extend the
      abilities of the laser surgeon to treat port-wine stains and other vascular
      lesions safely.

PMID- 4015495
TI  - Use of electrosurgery in blepharoplasty.
AB  - The use of electrosurgery in blepharoplasty is controversial. The reluctance to
      use this technique may be related to a misunderstanding of the principles of
      electrosurgery and to uncertainty about its physical effects on local tissues. On
      the basis of a review of the physics of electrosurgery, our personal technique,
      and our clinical results, we feel the method is safe and may offer several
      advantages over traditional techniques.

PMID- 4015496
TI  - Support of unstable nasal fractures with silicone rubber wedge splints.
AB  - Successful treatment of unstable fractures of the nasal dorsum is often precluded
      due to inadequate stable postoperative support of the fragmented dorsum. As an
      adjunctive measure in the treatment of nasal fractures, intranasal silicone
      rubber (Silastic) wedges transfixed to internal and/or external plates can
      provide support of unstable dorsal fragments. In a series of 20 cases, there was
      no incidence of remaining postoperative dorsal depression and no evidence of
      foreign-body reaction.

PMID- 4015497
TI  - Laser turbinectomy as an adjunct to rhinoseptoplasty.
AB  - One hundred two inferior turbinectomies were done with the carbon dioxide laser
      as an adjunct to rhinoseptoplasty. Indications for surgery were airway
      obstruction on one or both sides not relieved by medical means (42 cases),
      patient inability to tolerate medication (36 cases), and patient unwillingness to
      continue to receive medication for prolonged periods (24 cases) in patients
      unhappy with their appearance. Pathologic processes included allergic rhinitis
      (34 cases), vasomotor rhinitis (28 cases), and rhinitis medicamentosum (40
      cases). A newly designed suction speculum provided easy access to the internal
      nose and protected the alar rim and the face from laser energy. Only a few
      minutes of extra operating time were required. Relief of obstruction was
      comparable to that obtained from cryosurgery, submucous resection of the
      turbinate, and partial turbinectomy. Intraoperative and postoperative bleeding
      was less with laser turbinectomy than with any other means.

PMID- 4015498
TI  - An approach to large nasoseptal perforations and attendant deformity.
AB  - Six patients with symptomatic large anterior septal perforations were treated for
      relief of symptoms and the frequently concomitant saddle-nose deformity. The
      patients required large anteriorly and posteriorly based rotation flaps
      consisting of mucoperiosteum from the floor, lateral wall, and inferior turbinate
      of the nose.

PMID- 4015499
TI  - External rhinoplasty approach to transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.
AB  - The history of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy demonstrates the soundness of the
      basic concept of approaching the sella turcica in a midline fashion through the
      nose. Conceptually, it has not been eclipsed since first evolved by Cushing in
      the early part of this century. The surgical advances since Cushing's time have
      been major refinements in instrumentation and minor refinements of his basic
      technique. The external rhinoplasty approach is such a refinement. We have used
      this technique in a two-year period between June 1982 and June 1984 on 14
      patients. We have found this technique for transsphenoidal hypophysectomy to be a
      simple, reliable, rapid technique for exposing the septum and the floor of the
      nose. It provides excellent exposure to the sphenoid sinus and pituitary gland
      without loss of nasal tip projection or other cosmetic deformity.

PMID- 4015500
TI  - Mandibular reconstruction with the A-O plate.
AB  - At the University of Minnesota and affiliated hospitals several methods of
      mandibular reconstruction have been used. From October 1978 through March 1984,
      11 patients have undergone reconstruction with the A-O plate technique. These
      patients had both traumatic and oncologic defects. All patients treated with this
      technique have achieved a solid mandibular arch. Included is a discussion of the
      theoretical advantages, preoperative prerequisites, and the operative technique.

PMID- 4015501
TI  - Glottic reconstruction with thyroid perichondrium and investing cervical fascia.
AB  - Various surgical procedures have been designed for glottic reconstruction
      following vertical partial laryngectomy. Many of these techniques require flaps
      or even a second stage to adequately compensate for the loss of lining or bulk
      that accompanies extended laryngeal resection. Thyroid perichondrium and
      investing cervical fascia were used in 20 cases of glottic reconstruction.
      Laryngeal reconstruction following vertical partial laryngectomy using readily
      available local tissue allows for the wide resection of tumor as well as for the
      preservation of laryngeal structure and function.

PMID- 4015502
TI  - Salmonella dublin neck abscess.
AB  - Salmonella dublin infection is usually a veterinary disease. However, human
      outbreaks have occurred, mostly following consumption of contaminated raw milk.
      Salmonella dublin has a predilection for the immunocompromised host and usually
      causes a severe illness with fever, diarrhea, and bacteremia.

PMID- 4015503
TI  - Fibromatosis and fibrosarcoma of the larynx and pharynx in an infant.
AB  - A 14-month-old infant had congenital solitary fibromatosis of the larynx that
      showed fibrosarcomatous change and that spread to the pharynx and the anterior
      part of the neck. The histologic condition is discussed, as is the surgical
      treatment with total laryngopharyngectomy. A five-year postoperative follow-up is
      included.

PMID- 4015504
TI  - Laryngeal perichondritis and abscess.
AB  - Primary infection of the laryngeal cartilages has become rare in the antibiotic
      era. However, trauma, irradiation, a foreign body, or cancer may initiate the
      infection, particularly in the immunocompromised patient. We encountered three
      cases of perichondritis and abscess associated with airway intubation,
      nasogastric intubation, and external beam radiotherapy. Laryngeal perichondritis
      and abscess remain serious potential causes of laryngeal deformity and
      dysfunction.

PMID- 4015505
TI  - A new concept of impaired glucose tolerance. Relation to cardiovascular risk.

PMID- 4015506
TI  - Regulation of high density lipoprotein binding activity of aortic endothelial
      cells by treatment with acetylated low density lipoprotein.
AB  - High density lipoprotein (HDL) binding to human fibroblasts and arterial smooth
      muscle cells is up-regulated when sterol is delivered to cells in the form of
      nonlipoprotein cholesterol or low density lipoprotein (LDL). Results from the
      present study show that the HDL binding activity of aortic endothelial cells is
      up-regulated when cholesterol in the form of acetylated LDL (AcLDL) is delivered
      to cells via the "scavenger" lipoprotein receptor pathway. AcLDL treatment led to
      a dose-dependent, but saturable, increase in HDL binding to cultured bovine
      aortic endothelial cells that was reversed when cells were treated with
      lipoprotein-deficient serum. The AcLDL-mediated enhancement in HDL binding
      activity was inhibited by cycloheximide, suggesting the involvement of protein
      synthesis. This enhancement was associated with an increased cell cholesterol
      content, a suppressed rate of cholesterol synthesis, and an increased rate of
      cholesterol ester formation. Kinetic analysis of HDL binding showed that AcLDL
      treatment caused an increase in the apparent number of high-affinity binding
      sites (Kd approximately 3 micrograms/ml HDL protein). Competition and direct
      binding studies revealed that the inducible binding sites exhibited relative
      specificity for HDL over LDL and AcLDL. Thus, aortic endothelial cells appear to
      possess specific receptors for HDL that may function to facilitate HDL-mediated
      removal from cells of excess cholesterol internalized by the scavenger receptor
      pathway.

PMID- 4015507
TI  - Structural and hemodynamic response of peripheral arteries of macaque monkeys to
      atherogenic diet.
AB  - The arteries of monkeys given atherogenic diets develop marked intimal thickening
      and medial thinning, but luminal size apparently changes minimally. The
      hemodynamic significance of the atherosclerotic changes is therefore uncertain.
      To evaluate vascular function in atherosclerotic arteries, we studied the hind
      limb vessels of adult male rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys to assess the structural
      and hemodynamic responses to an atherogenic diet given for about 1.5 years or for
      much longer periods (6.5 years for rhesus and 4.3 years for cynomolgus monkeys).
      The intimal cross-sectional area greatly increased after the atherogenic diet,
      but there was no significant luminal narrowing after either the 1.5-year diet or
      the longer diet periods. The media of atherosclerotic arteries showed focal
      atrophy and focal thinning after pressure fixation, but the total medial mass was
      not decreased even after the long diet periods. Hemodynamic studies indicated
      mild functional impairment in the atherosclerotic vessels; resting resistance
      increased and vasodilator responses decreased, but adrenergic responses were
      preserved. Thus, the marked changes that occur in the arterial wall in
      experimental primate atherosclerosis include adaptations to lesion formation that
      permit a long prestenotic phase of atherosclerosis in which vascular dysfunction
      is minimal.

PMID- 4015508
TI  - Cholesterol metabolism in juvenile baboons. Influence of infant and juvenile
      diets.
AB  - The deferred effects of infant diets and the effects of juvenile diets on
      cholesterol metabolism were estimated in 83 baboons (Papio sp.) at 3.5 years of
      age. As infants, the animals were breast-fed or fed one of three formulas
      containing approximately 2, 30, or 60 mg/dl cholesterol. After weaning at 14
      weeks of age, the animals were fed one of four juvenile diets high or low in
      cholesterol with saturated (P/S = 0.37) or unsaturated (P/S = 2.1) fats.
      Cholesterol absorption and cholesterol turnover were measured by fecal isotopic
      methods, and variables of cholesterol metabolism were estimated from a two-pool
      model. Among juvenile animals breast-fed during infancy, the percentage of
      cholesterol absorption was higher, while the fluxes of cholesterol from Pool A
      (QAA, QA, and QAB) and the cholesterol mass of Pool B were lower, compared to
      those fed formulas. The level of cholesterol in formulas fed during infancy did
      not influence cholesterol metabolism during the juvenile period. During the
      juvenile period, saturated fat significantly decreased the cholesterol production
      rate (QA) and increased the rate constants for cholesterol flux between Pool A
      and Pool B (KAB and KBA) compared to unsaturated fat. High cholesterol intake
      increased bile acid and neutral steroid excretion, cholesterol turnover rate, the
      mass of Pool A, and the rate constant KA and fluxes QA and QAA for removal of
      cholesterol from Pool A. However, KAB, t1/2 B (half-time of Pool B), and the
      percentage of cholesterol absorbed were decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4015509
TI  - Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on pulmonary arteriosclerosis induced by a one
      year Dirofilaria immitis infection.
AB  - The ability of aspirin to block arteriosclerosis that developed in response to
      chronic, low-level injury to pulmonary arteries was evaluated in 21 dogs during
      their 1-year infection with Dirofilaria immitis. Three groups, with seven dogs in
      each group, were studied before and after sustained injury produced by the
      transplantation of 28 adult Dirofilaria immitis into each dog. Group A received
      no treatment and served as controls; Group B received no treatment for 6 months
      and then received 7 mg/kg of aspirin daily) for 6 months; Group C received 7
      mg/kg of aspirin daily for the entire year. The pulmonary arterial response was
      evaluated by hemodynamic and arteriographic studies at 6 and 12 months and by
      scanning electron microscopy at the end of the 12-month study. All groups
      developed a similar, mild pulmonary hypertension. The arteriographic changes of
      dilation and flow obstruction were worse in Groups A and B than in Group C at 6
      months, and at 12 months both Groups B and C were less obstructed than Group A.
      Scanning electron microscopy revealed large, complex myointimal proliferations in
      Group A, whereas the two aspirin-treated groups had smaller, less complex lesions
      that covered a much smaller surface area. We concluded that: 1) aspirin markedly
      reduced the microscopic and macroscopic arteriosclerosis in Groups B and C; 2)
      aspirin in Group B not only arrested further development but also permitted
      resolution of arteriosclerosis while the arteries were still being injured.

PMID- 4015510
TI  - Relative contribution of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle size and number
      to plasma triglyceride concentration.
AB  - These studies were undertaken to determine whether differences in plasma
      triglyceride concentrations reflected differences in the number or in the size of
      the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in the circulation. A population of
      122 men and women, composed of normotriglyceridemic individuals and individuals
      with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (plasma triglyceride concentration from 60
      mg/dl to 1400 mg/dl), was studied by one of four independent experimental
      procedures. Rates of triglyceride production and particle (as reflected by
      apolipoprotein B) production were simultaneously determined. The data suggest
      that 71% of any increase in triglyceride production was due to an increase in the
      production of particles, and only 29% was due to an increase in the amount of
      triglyceride carried per particle. Direct measurement of the triglyceride-rich
      lipoprotein particle size by electron microscopy demonstrated that for a fivefold
      difference in triglyceride borne by the Sf 12-400 lipoproteins (from 100 mg to
      500 mg triglyceride/dl plasma), the mean particle size rose by only 29%. Hence,
      71% of this difference was due to an increase in particle number. The same
      results were obtained when triglyceride levels were related to the number of
      triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the plasma. The number of particles for these
      studies was either estimated from apo B concentration or by calculations based on
      the chemical composition of ultracentrifugal subfractions. These studies have
      used four different approaches to show that changes of plasma triglyceride
      concentration primarily reflected a change in the number, not the size, of
      triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles. Our studies also demonstrated that 75%
      to 80% of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in both normotriglyceridemic and
      hypertriglyceridemic subjects were in the Sf 12-60 or intermediate density
      lipoprotein subfraction.

PMID- 4015511
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein levels in treated and untreated hypertensive men and women.
      The National Heart Foundation of Australia Risk Factor Prevalence Study.
AB  - Experimental studies have reported that common antihypertensive drugs such as
      diuretics, beta-blockers, and methyldopa have adverse effects on plasma lipids
      and lipoproteins. To investigate whether such effects can be observed in the
      general population, plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were compared in subjects
      receiving antihypertensive treatment, subjects with untreated high blood
      pressure, and subjects with normal blood pressure in a random sample of 5603
      subjects screened in a national study of risk factor prevalence in Australia. In
      both sexes, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was lower in the group
      receiving treatment than in the others (p less than 0.001). In men, triglycerides
      (TG) (p less than 0.001) and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol
      (TC/HDL cholesterol) (p less than 0.05) were higher in the group receiving
      treatment. In both sexes, the differences in plasma lipids and lipoproteins
      between treated and untreated hypertensive groups were independent of age, body
      mass index, alcohol consumption, and smoking. More than 40% of the treated or
      untreated hypertensive men and women had elevated total cholesterol (TC greater
      than 252 mg/dl) or an elevated TC/HDL cholesterol ratio (greater than 6.0). In
      men receiving antihypertensive treatment, the prevalence of an elevated TC/HDL
      cholesterol ratio was significantly greater than in men with untreated high blood
      pressure (p less than 0.01). The results of this study suggest that the effects
      of antihypertensive treatment on plasma lipids and lipoproteins can be observed
      in population lipid and lipoprotein levels. Even before treatment, a large
      proportion of high blood pressure patients have a significant plasma cholesterol
      abnormality, which may be aggravated by conventional antihypertensive therapy.

PMID- 4015512
TI  - Measurement of 125I-LDL entry into ballooned rabbit aorta using average plasma
      value.

PMID- 4015513
TI  - Calmodulin in breast milk, and umbilical and maternal plasma.

PMID- 4015514
TI  - Surgical induction of labour.

PMID- 4015515
TI  - Diagnostic colposcopy in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.

PMID- 4015516
TI  - The pattern and attitude of Nigerian women in Benin City towards female
      sterilisation.

PMID- 4015517
TI  - Dose-response relationship between dose of clomiphene citrate and incidence of
      ovulation.

PMID- 4015518
TI  - Characteristics of induced labour.

PMID- 4015519
TI  - The physiological role of the sitting parturient posture.

PMID- 4015520
TI  - The effect of electro-cutting and diathermy coagulation on wound healing in
      gynecological surgery.

PMID- 4015521
TI  - Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in oxytocin augmented labour.

PMID- 4015522
TI  - Danazol (an antigonadotropin) in the treatment of catamenial pneumothorax.

PMID- 4015523
TI  - A certain kind of madness. Authentic case histories from Australian general
      practice.

PMID- 4015524
TI  - Change in hospital access for GPs prompts a research project.

PMID- 4015526
TI  - Mammography--more harm than good?

PMID- 4015525
TI  - Diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 4015527
TI  - Screening for breast cancer in apparently well women.

PMID- 4015529
TI  - Radiological examination of women. Modification of the 10 day rule.

PMID- 4015528
TI  - Colorectal cancer screening. Faecal occult blood tests.

PMID- 4015531
TI  - When breast is not best.

PMID- 4015530
TI  - Chronic leg ulcers. Ozone and other factors affecting healing.

PMID- 4015532
TI  - Practical treatment for insomnia.

PMID- 4015533
TI  - Sydney funnel web spider bite.

PMID- 4015534
TI  - Chest pain and the diagnosis of angina.

PMID- 4015535
TI  - Sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 4015536
TI  - Abdominal pain beyond belief.

PMID- 4015537
TI  - Paronychia.

PMID- 4015538
TI  - The glandular fever virus.

PMID- 4015539
TI  - International travel and infection.

PMID- 4015540
TI  - Unusual arthropod ectoparasitic infestations of man.

PMID- 4015541
TI  - The family history.

PMID- 4015542
TI  - Respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 4015543
TI  - Suitable alternatives to Debendox for morning sickness in pregnancy.

PMID- 4015544
TI  - Tumour markers. A clinical review.

PMID- 4015545
TI  - Recent advances in paediatrics.

PMID- 4015546
TI  - Marital and family breakdown. Thoughts on the role of doctors, lawyers and
      behavioural scientists.

PMID- 4015547
TI  - Standards of accreditation. Teaching posts in general practice.

PMID- 4015548
TI  - Regulation of immunity and tolerance to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide
      (SIII) by functionally distinct IgM anti-SIII antibodies.
AB  - When BALB/c mice and athymic (nude) mice are injected intraperitoneally (i.p.)
      with pneumococcal type III polysaccharide (SIII), their antibodies as measured by
      passive haemagglutination (HA) are inhibited more easily by high doses of SIII
      than antibody measured by passive haemolysis (HL). The HA activity, due mainly to
      a highly avid non-complement-fixing (NCF) type of IgM, was further distinguished
      from the HL activity (CF-IgM, or CF-IgM plus CF hybrid IgM/A anti-SIII
      antibodies) by the failure of the NCF-IgM anti-SIII to bind to protein-A of
      Staphylococcus aureus (Sa). High-dose tolerance in the HL anti-SIII antibody
      response of BALB/c and athymic mice was induced only in the absence of
      circulating NCF-IgM anti-SIII antibodies. The presence of NCF-IgM anti-SIII
      antibodies formed to multiple daily increasing amounts of SIII, commencing with
      0.01 micrograms SIII, decreased the magnitude of the HL anti-SIII response to
      subsequent daily increments of SIII antigen injected into BALB/c and athymic
      (nude) mice. Thus, the effect on the HL anti-SIII response was independent of T
      cells. The concomitant administration of NCF-IgM anti-SIII rendered SIII less
      tolerogenic in primed mice. In contrast to the HL activity, the NCF-IgM anti-SIII
      antibodies were induced to low doses of SIII, conferred protection against viable
      pneumococci, but did not precipitate the soluble antigen in agar. It is proposed
      that immune paralysis (as defined by the failure of SIII-injected mice to resist
      pneumococcal challenge) is not necessarily a condition of total unresponsiveness
      but is due to an absence of protective NCF-IgM anti-SIII antibodies. Thus, immune
      paralysis can co-exist with either the presence or absence of non-protective CF
      IgM or CF-IgM/A anti-SIII antibodies.

PMID- 4015549
TI  - Epithelial cell renewal and antibody transfer in the intestine of the foetal and
      neonatal lamb.
AB  - The intestine of the foetal lamb was exposed to large quantities of alpha
      globulin (IgG) by prolonged intra-duodenal infusion, and absorption of intact
      IgG, with transfer to the lymph, continued undiminished, i.e., there was no
      evidence of closure. The rate of proliferation of the intestinal epithelium of
      the foetal and newborn lamb was measured using mitotic indices and localised
      labelling with (3H)-thymidine (TdR). In the foetus, cell division in the crypts
      occurs at a lower rate than the newborn (p less than 0.001) and there is very
      slow replacement of the intestinal epithelium. In the newborn lamb, a portion of
      the small intestine was incubated in vivo with TdR and the progress of labelled
      cells from the crypts upwards along the villi estimated, using autoradiography of
      serial biopsies from the same animal. A front of mature, digestive epithelium
      could be seen advancing up the villi, displacing the immature foetal type of cell
      which was capable of transfer of intact IgG to the lymphatics of the intestine.
      The evidence presented supports the hypothesis that immediately after birth the
      intestinal epithelium of the lamb begins to be replaced by a digestive type of
      cell, and the layer of cells responsible for absorption of colostral antibodies
      progressively disappears from the villi, resulting in closure.

PMID- 4015550
TI  - In vitro development of zinc-deficient and replete rat embryos.
AB  - The development of the zinc-deficient rat embryo has been studied in vitro using
      embryo culture techniques. Normal 9.5 day embryos cultured for 48 h in serum
      obtained from zinc-deficient rats grew and developed to the same extent as those
      cultured in zinc-replete serum. Embryos from dams which had been fed a zinc
      deficient diet since mating were also removed for culture. Such zinc-deficient
      embryos fell into two broad morphological categories. One group appeared
      identical to the normal embryos, while the others had apparently normal visceral
      yolk sacs but small embryonic poles and retarded or abnormal embryonic
      development. Culture of the first group in either zinc-deficient or replete serum
      produced morphologically normal embryos; however, those which appeared abnormal
      at day 9.5 were grossly malformed after 48 h incubation in either sera. When
      embryos were cultured in the presence of 65Zinc, the most severely affected zinc
      deficient embryos accumulated as much zinc as the zinc-replete and apparently
      unaffected zinc-deficient embryos, indicating that the malformations do not arise
      from an inability of the embryo or yolk sac to accumulate zinc from the
      surrounding fluid. The results from these studies suggest that the teratogenic
      effects of zinc deficiency cannot be induced by direct culture of zinc-replete
      embryos in zinc-deficient serum. Furthermore, it would appear that maternal zinc
      deficiency can exert its teratological influence prior to day 9.5 of gestation
      and that these effects are not readily reversible.

PMID- 4015551
TI  - Aggravation of experimental atherosclerosis in vasectomized, cholesterol-fed
      rabbits.
AB  - Rabbits were fed a stock or atherogenic diet for a period of fourteen months.
      Half of each group of rabbits was bilaterally vasectomized while the other half
      underwent sham vasectomy. The level of plasma cholesterol was significantly
      elevated following vasectomy in stock diet-fed rabbits. Atherogenic diet feeding
      caused marked elevation of plasma cholesterol in both vasectomized as well as
      sham-vasectomized animals. At the termination of the experiments, aortic
      cholesterol in stock diet-fed vasectomized rabbits remained unchanged, but this
      was increased in both vasectomized and sham-vasectomized atherogenic diet-fed
      animals. Aortic sudanophilia, atherosclerotic plaque size and coronary
      atherosclerosis index were significantly increased in vasectomized atherogenic
      diet-fed rabbits as compared to their controls. In stock diet-fed vasectomized
      rabbits no macroscopic or microscopic lesions were seen even in the presence of
      mild hypercholesterolaemia.

PMID- 4015552
TI  - Candidiasis in a musk lorikeet (Glossopsitta concinna).

PMID- 4015553
TI  - Dose rate, time of injection and litter size effects on dexamethasone-induced
      parturition in Border Leicester x Merino ewes.

PMID- 4015554
TI  - Use of suxamethonium in cats fitted with dichlorvos flea collars.

PMID- 4015555
TI  - Suspected poisoning of horses by Trema aspera (poison peach).

PMID- 4015556
TI  - The supply of veterinary graduates.

PMID- 4015557
TI  - Specific antibody responses to Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis and
      Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs.
AB  - Groups of dogs reared free of both nematodes and cestodes were infected with
      Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis or Echinococcus granulosus. After infections
      with the Taenia spp became patent, dogs were purged to remove the worms. They
      were later reinfected and the second infections again removed by purging after
      patency. A group of 3 uninfected worm free dogs was kept as age-matched controls.
      The dogs were bled at intervals of 5 days and their serums tested for antibodies
      using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with excretory/secretory (ES)
      antigens collected during in vitro incubation of evaginated scoleces (scolex ES
      antigen) and oncosphere antigens. Antibodies to scolex ES antigen were detected
      by 3 weeks after infection with each cestode species whereas antibodies to
      oncosphere antigen were not detected until about one week after eggs were found
      in the faeces of the infected dogs. Antibody responses to both oncosphere and
      scolex ES antigens decreased rapidly following removal of the worms by purging.
      Uninfected control dogs were invariably negative to both oncospheral and scolex
      ES antigens. There were cross-reactions between the serums from dogs infected
      with T. pisiformis and T. hydatigena when tested with scolex ES antigens, but
      oncospheral antigens showed a high degree of species specificity. Scolex ES
      antigens from E. granulosus were compared with those prepared from T. hydatigena
      and T. pisiformis for their ability to discriminate between antibodies in serums
      collected from dogs 31 and 32 days after infection with 100,000 protoscoleces of
      E. granulosus or dogs infected with Taenia spp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015558
TI  - Ocular inserts for application of drugs to bovine eyes--in vitro studies on
      gentamicin release from collagen inserts.
AB  - Soluble collagen and insoluble collagen films were impregnated with gentamicin
      and investigated in vitro as vehicles for the delivery drugs. Succinylated
      collagen released significantly higher levels of antibiotic than the insoluble
      films, and maintained mean inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Moraxella bovis
      for 24 h.

PMID- 4015559
TI  - Failure of oral zinc therapy to alleviate Bacteroides nodosus infections in
      cattle and sheep.
AB  - Cattle and sheep with Bacteroides nodosus infection were treated orally with both
      high (65 mg Zn/kg and 82 mg Zn/kg) and low (1 mg Zn/kg and 8.6 mg Zn/kg) doses of
      zinc sulphate respectively. The lower dose rates administered weekly for one
      month, in the case of cattle, or daily for 2 weeks, in the case of sheep, had no
      effect either on serum zinc levels or the prevalence or severity of infection in
      treated animals. High dose rates of zinc (approximately 2.5 g Zn per head per
      day) were required to elevate serum levels above those normally present in both
      cattle and sheep. Even these dose rates continued daily for about 2 weeks had no
      beneficial effect on B. nodosus infection in either species.

PMID- 4015560
TI  - A retrospective study of head fractures in 21 horses.
AB  - The clinical features of 21 horses which sustained head fractures are reviewed.
      There was a higher incidence of fractures in males and Standardbred horses.
      Surgical treatment was practical and successful in most cases when the fractures
      involved the bones of the jaws and the face. Fractures which involved the cranial
      cavity or the cranial nerves were difficult to treat and usually held a poor
      prognosis.

PMID- 4015561
TI  - The occurrence, cost and control of sawfly larval (Lophyrotoma interrupta)
      poisoning of cattle in Queensland 1972-81.
AB  - A postal survey of cattle producers in the Maranoa, Warrego and Leichhardt
      districts of Queensland where poisoning of cattle by larvae of the sawfly
      (Lophyrotoma interrupta) occurs was carried out in 1982 with 179 replies (64% of
      those contacted). During 1972-81, 50 farms with 84,300 cattle experienced deaths
      (5254 on 37 farms) during July to September. The worst years were 1975 (955
      deaths) and 1979 (1895 deaths). Heavy losses occurred on 9% of farms. These were
      where the silver-leaved iron bark (Eucalyptus melanophloia) was most common. To
      prevent the disease, 37 graziers moved cattle from dangerous areas and 52 partly
      removed E. melanophloia from their farms. 31 fed supplements to try to prevent
      the pica thought to cause cattle to eat larvae. 53 who had suffered sporadic or
      no deaths took no action. The survey results indicated that cattle should not be
      returned to dangerous areas until early October. The estimated total yearly cost
      from reduced carrying capacity, control measures and deaths was $1,100,000 (1981
      values). Improved control by advice on property management and a better knowledge
      of the population dynamics of the sawfly was suggested. The use of antidotes or
      toxoids was thought inappropriate.

PMID- 4015562
TI  - Enzootic pneumonia of pigs in South Australia--factors relating to incidence of
      disease.
AB  - Environmental and management conditions of 15 herds with a high-prevalence
      (greater than 70%) of enzootic pneumonia of pigs at slaughter were compared with
      16 herds with a low-prevalence (less than 30%) to determine factors commonly
      predisposing pigs to enzootic pneumonia in South Australia. Comparisons were made
      of herds having greater than 100 sows (fully intensive units) and also small
      herds having 20 to 70 sows (sideline units). Half the herds were visited in
      summer and half in winter to detect seasonal factors. In small herds, factors
      commonly found associated with a high prevalence of enzootic pneumonia were
      larger numbers of pigs per shed section (p less than 0.001), larger group sizes
      (p less than 0.01) and draughty farrowing and weaner accommodation (p less than
      0.01). In large herds, factors associated with a high prevalence were higher pen
      stocking rate (p less than 0.05) and airspace stocking rate (p greater than
      0.05), and a trend toward higher atmospheric ammonia levels in summer (p less
      than 0.1).

PMID- 4015563
TI  - Performance following a 500-675 rad neutron pulse.
AB  - A three-light, three-lever discrete avoidance behavioral task was initiated to
      study the effects of a 500-675 rad neutron pulse upon performance. Eight primates
      performed the task for 4 h (3.5 h postexposure) on exposure day and for 4 h on
      each of 3 d postexposure. For the exposure day, five subjects had a decrease in
      correct responses, seven had increased reaction times, and six experienced
      productive emesis within 3.5 hours postexposure. Although the performance
      degradations were not severe, these data suggest that the performance of time
      critical tasks could be significantly impaired.

PMID- 4015564
TI  - The effectiveness of specific weight training regimens on simulated aerial combat
      maneuvering G tolerance.
AB  - To assess the effectiveness of muscle-strength (weight training) on simulated
      aerial combat maneuvering (SACM) G tolerance, seven young men were exposed to a
      12-week program of whole-body weight training in which were measured, strengths
      of various muscle groups, body circumferences, body mass, and the percentage of
      body fat. The magnitudes of the weights used in training were used to measure
      muscle strength and were compared and correlated with each subject's SACM
      tolerance--defined as the total time that a subject could withstand continuous
      exposure to a 4.5 and 7.0 + Gz centrifuge profile using fatigue as his voluntary
      endpoint. Chest and biceps circumferences increased 4.2% and 3.1%, respectively;
      abdomen and thigh circumferences did not significantly change; body fat decreased
      16.8%; and body mass increased 2.3%. Abdominal (sit ups) and biceps (arm curl)
      strengths increased 99% and 26.2%, respectively, and were highly correlated with
      SACM tolerance time (p less than 0.01); leg (leg press) and chest strengths
      (bench press) made less significant contributions to the SACM tolerance time. A
      net increase in SACM tolerance times of 53% resulted from weight-training.
      Multiple regression analysis of all four muscle groups between weeks 1 and 12
      with the SACM tolerance had a correlation of determination of 0.61.

PMID- 4015565
TI  - Response to muscular exercise following repeated simulated weightlessness.
AB  - The effect of repeated weightlessness exposures on maximal aerobic capacity was
      determined when seven healthy men (36-48 yr) underwent two 10-d bedrest (BR)
      periods in the -6 degrees headdown position, which were separated by a 14-d
      recovery period. No prescribed exercise was performed by the subjects during the
      course of the experiment. A graded supine cycle ergometer test consisting of 4
      min of unloaded pedaling at 60 rpm followed by increased work rate of 15 W X min
      1 until volitional fatigue (max) was performed before (pre) and after (post) the
      first and second BR periods, i.e., BR1 and BR2, and again 14 d after BR2 (REC).
      During exercise, submaximal and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2), ventilation (VE),
      heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured
      and the gas exchange anaerobic threshold (AT) was determined. Plasma volume (Vp,
      T-1824) and body composition were measured pre- and post-BR1 and BR2 and
      following REC. Compared to the respective pre-BR control values, VO2max decreased
      (p less than 0.05) by 8.7% after BR1 and 5.2% after BR2 but returned to pre-BR
      values following 14 d REC. Submaximal and maximal HR increased (p less than 0.05)
      post-BR1 and BR2 but returned to pre-BR levels after REC. The AT and Vp decreased
      (p less than 0.05) post-BR1 and BR2 but returned to pre-BR levels after REC. Body
      weight increased (p less than 0.05) gradually during the experiment and did not
      return to control values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015566
TI  - A nationwide survey of civilian air ambulance services.
AB  - To identify and characterize civilian air ambulance services, a questionnaire was
      mailed nationwide to 583 prospective air ambulance services, with 154 responding.
      Our survey identified differences between hospital, hospital-affiliated, and
      private air ambulance services as to aircraft ownership, availability, types of
      aircraft, types of patients being transported, types of medical personnel and
      equipment, aircraft retrofit, and their feelings regarding air ambulance
      regulations. We found that hospital air ambulances are better suited for
      transporting critically ill patients while many private air ambulances appear
      better suited to transport nonemergency patients. Hospital-affiliated air
      ambulance services, although not as consistent in providing the specialized care
      of hospital air ambulances, appear better able to provide critical care than
      private air ambulance services. Based upon this data, we recommend that air
      ambulance regulations be directed at levels of patient care. Such regulations and
      guidelines will assist patient safety during aeromedical transports without
      jeopardizing currently operating air ambulance services.

PMID- 4015568
TI  - Subjective effects of combined-axis vibration: II. Comparison of X-axis and X
      plus-pitch vibrations.
AB  - Seated subjects matched their perceptions of the intensity of single-axis
      vibrations in the X axis, or combined-axis vibrations made up of X-axis and pitch
      motions, by adjusting the intensity of a sinusoidal, 5 Hz, Z-axis response
      vibration. Stimulus vibrations were sinusoidal at 3.15, 4, 5, 6.3 and 8 Hz. For
      each frequency, both types of vibration were presented at three acceleration
      levels related to three axis-to-seat distances for the pitch vibrations. Results
      showed that Z-axis response accelerations were essentially constant across
      frequency. However, matching responses were significantly higher for X-plus-pitch
      than for X-axis vibrations. These findings are in contrast to those of a previous
      experiment involving Y-axis and roll vibrations, and are probably due to
      additional input from the seat back for X and pitch motions. The two experiments
      do agree on the importance of the distance of the subject from the axis of
      rotation for angular motions. In both experiments, as stimulus acceleration (axis
      to-seat distance) increased, response acceleration increased substantially at
      every frequency.

PMID- 4015567
TI  - Age and pilot performance.
AB  - In military and civilian aviation, pilot age is a major factor which determines
      if the individual is allowed to continue flying. Many factors, including legal
      considerations, escalating personnel and training costs, and higher skill levels
      necessitated by increasing equipment complexity, have generated considerable
      interest in the development of "age free" criteria to determine continued
      suitability for aviation duty. Central to this issue is a demonstration that
      older pilots are not necessarily unsafe pilots. Naval Safety Center data relating
      mishap rates and causal factors to pilot age are presented and policy
      implications discussed. Results indicate that there are significant differences
      in mishap rates and mishap causal factors as a function of age, but these
      differences are not those which might be expected based on a knowledge of the
      aging literature.

PMID- 4015569
TI  - Comparison of the hunting reaction in normals and individuals with Raynaud's
      disease.
AB  - Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD or hunting reaction) was studied in eight
      subjects with Raynaud's disease, an idiopathic vasospastic disorder of the
      peripheral vasculature, and in nine normal subjects using 5, 10, 15 +/- 1 degree
      C water bath immersions of the right middle finger. Differences between Raynaud's
      and normal subjects were only marginal at 5 degrees C; at 10 degrees C, Raynaud's
      subjects showed a longer time to the first rise of skin temperature, had lower
      mean digital skin temperature, and a lower amplitude of their digital skin
      temperature during CIVD; at 15 degrees C, Raynaud's subjects had a longer time to
      first rise, lower number of CIVD cycles, and a lower recovery temperature.

PMID- 4015570
TI  - The Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire in acute mountain sickness.
AB  - A self-completed questionnaire (modified Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire)
      was evaluated in a study of acute mountain sickness (AMS). The questionnaire
      scores for headache, nausea, and the general feeling of ill health correlated
      well with AMS scores obtained by clinical interview. Modifications in the
      instructions and the phrasing of some of the questions are suggested and we doubt
      whether factor analysis provides any better data than more simple statistical
      methods. The questionnaire is a useful additional method for the assessment of
      symptoms of AMS.

PMID- 4015571
TI  - Back to basics: suggested solutions to some flight instruction problems.
AB  - Since 1976 a series of surveys of flight instructors and students in general and
      commercial aviation, and the Royal Australian Air Force, has indicated several
      common problems in flight instruction. These problems have provided a focus for
      instructor education programs described in this paper. Professional preparation
      of instructions in areas such as educational psychology (learning and memory,
      motivation, and skill acquisition) met with the approval of the participants, but
      no detectable change in instructional methods resulted. It is concluded that a
      commitment to the professionalization of flight instruction must come from within
      the occupational group.

PMID- 4015572
TI  - Transderm scopolamine efficacy related to time of application prior to the onset
      of motion.
AB  - We evaluated Transdermal Scopolamine related to the time of application prior to
      the onset of motion. In this study 44 subjects participated. The first group
      applied the transdermal disc within 4 h and the second group 8 h or more prior to
      the onset of motion. We observed a significant decrease in the incidence and the
      degree of motion sickness for the group with at least 8 h of scopolamine
      application prior to sea travel. Therefore, the transdermal scopolamine system
      should be applied at least 8 h before potentially disturbing motion to provide
      adequate prophylaxis against motion sickness. We found no significant difference
      in motion sickness susceptibility between men and women, in contrast to earlier
      reports.

PMID- 4015573
TI  - Food poisoning as an in-flight safety hazard.
AB  - The leading cause by far of airline pilot incapacitations is gastrointestinal
      illness resulting from "food poisoning". This potentially hazardous condition is
      inadequately dealt with by the airlines today and strikes equally in all pilot
      age groups. Sufficient incidents are occurring to justify more stringent aircrew
      meal standards and regulations. Aircrew heart attack and stroke concerns pale
      into insignificance relative to the far more common food poisoning
      incapacitations. Specific regulations on aircrew feeding should be promulgated by
      the Federal Aviation Administration and the regulatory authorities in other
      countries to preclude simultaneous-onset in-flight incapacitations due to common
      source food poisoning.

PMID- 4015574
TI  - Portable air mobile life support unit.
AB  - The Israeli Air Force Medical Corps has developed a portable Air Mobile Life
      Support Unit (AMLS) for use in emergency airborne medical evacuations. This unit
      was designed so that it could be easily moved from one aircraft to another, thus
      allowing for tactical flexibility and avoiding the necessity for a dedicated
      ambulance aircraft. The unit is capable of supplying critical care for two
      patients and supportive care for two less severely injured. Three main functional
      units comprise the AMLS. These include (1) oxygen ventilation system, (2) cardiac
      monitoring and defibrillation system, and (3) vacuum pump for aspiration of
      secretions. Each of these units can be removed and operated independently of the
      AMLS for field use. Accessories include a control panel, illumination unit and a
      medical supply cabinet. The AMLS unit may be installed or removed in less than 2
      min by two crew men. The AMLS has been operational and successfully used in air
      evacuations in wartime as well as in peace time. Air Medical crews report that
      the AMLS has been easily accessed and has operated without any malfunction.

PMID- 4015575
TI  - Plasmids in bacteria.

PMID- 4015576
TI  - Control of plasmid replication: theoretical considerations and practical
      solutions.

PMID- 4015577
TI  - Conjugal plasmid transfer in Bacillus thuringiensis.

PMID- 4015578
TI  - Assessment of risk from low-level exposure to radiation and chemicals. A critical
      overview.

PMID- 4015580
TI  - The isolation and characterization of the Blym-1 transforming gene.
AB  - There are a number of similarities between chicken bursal lymphomas and human
      Burkitt's lymphomas. Both lymphomas are associated with viral infection, by LLV
      in bursal lymphomas and Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt's lymphoma. Avian lymphoid
      leukosis virus integration is associated with enhanced c-myc expression, while
      the role EBV plays in tumorigenesis remains unclear. In Burkitt's lymphoma,
      however, c-myc activation does occur as a result of specific chromosomal
      translocations involving the human c-myc locus. Furthermore, the activated
      transforming genes detected by transfection of both bursal lymphoma and Burkitt's
      lymphoma DNAs are homologous members of the Blym family of genes. These
      similarities between chicken and human lymphomas provide evidence that viral
      involvement and oncogene activation are significant in tumor development and
      suggest they are involved in the multi-step progression to the neoplastic
      phenotype. The function of the Blym genes remains to be determined. Although the
      chicken and human Blym genes are only distantly related, they have maintained
      their homology to the amino-terminal regions of transferrins. This fact may
      reflect some functional constraint on the evolution of these genes. It is
      therefore possible that transforming genes such as Blym may function via a
      transferrin-related mechanism.

PMID- 4015579
TI  - Statistical aspects of the estimation of human risks.
AB  - The preceding paper has discussed the general problem of high dose to low dose
      extrapolation within a single animal species. The purpose of this extrapolation
      is to estimate the effects of low level exposure to toxic agents known to be
      associated with undesired effects at high dose levels. Mathematical models of
      dose response are necessary for this extrapolation process since the low dose
      effects, expected to be on the order of response rates of 10(-6, are too small to
      be accurately measured with limited study sample sizes. A number of mathematical
      dose-response models have been proposed for extrapolation purposes; we have shown
      how similar they can appear to one another in the range of observable response
      rates, yet how different they become at lower, unobservable response rates, the
      region of primary interest. This is the single, most important limitation of this
      extrapolation methodology. An estimate of risk at a particular low dose, or an
      estimate of the dose leading to a particular level of risk is highly dependent
      upon the mathematical form of the presumed dose response and differences of 3 - 4
      orders of magnitude are not uncommon. Therefore, all these sources of
      uncertainty, dose-response model, pharmacokinetic behavior of the toxic agent,
      thresholds, heterogeneity, and patterns of exposure, lead to substantial
      uncertainties in estimates of risk based on high to low dose extrapolations.

PMID- 4015581
TI  - Report of National Cancer Institute symposium: comparison of mechanisms of
      carcinogenesis by radiation and chemical agents. I. Common molecular mechanisms.

PMID- 4015582
TI  - Quantitative neoplastic transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells.

PMID- 4015583
TI  - Risk estimate for genetic effects.

PMID- 4015584
TI  - Role of tumor promotion in affecting the multi-hit nature of carcinogenesis.
AB  - The assessment of risk from low-level exposure to radiation and chemicals is
      hindered by the basic lack of scientific understanding of the complex nature of
      the multiple levels of protective or synergistic interactions. Radiation and
      chemicals have the potential of inducing mutations, cell death and altered gene
      expression. The biological consequences of each of these effects is again
      complex, since many factors can enhance or mask the effect of a single mutation,
      cytotoxic or gene modulatory change. Carcinogenesis, representing but one chronic
      disease state, is a multi-step process, involving the clonal expansion of a
      single altered cell (that is, the initiation event). Radiation and chemicals
      appear to contribute to the initiation process by their ability to induce viable
      mutations. Insufficient theoretical and empirical knowledge precludes a
      determination of whether mutagenesis and, hence, initiation exhibit a threshold
      phenomenon. Because of a variety of redundancy mechanisms on the genetic and
      cellular levels, the physiological impact of a single dysfunctional cell is felt
      only after it is amplified to a large number (the promotion phase of
      carcinogenesis). Radiation and chemical-induced cytotoxicity, as well as
      noncytotoxic chemical induction of mitogenesis, can induce surviving single
      dysfunctional stem cells to multiply. If during this multiplication of
      dysfunctional cells, the initiated cells are further exposed chronically to low
      levels of mutagens, there is an enhanced probability of additional genetic
      changes. The accumulation of foci of dysfunctional cells can occur in any stem
      cell population of any tissue. As with mutagens, the existence of threshold
      levels for promoting conditions and chemicals is still not yet scientifically
      validated. However, specific examples of the actions of a few promoters does seem
      to be consistent with that idea. The concepts of initiation and promotion imply
      the existence of anti-initiation and antipromotion conditions. Together with
      genetic factors, the complex and unpredictable interactions of radiation and
      chemicals as initiators, anti-initiators, promoters and antipromoters, defy
      prospects of an easy means to predict the consequences of exposure to chronic low
      levels of radiation and chemicals.

PMID- 4015585
TI  - Genetic and epigenetic aspects of tumor progression and tumor heterogeneity.

PMID- 4015586
TI  - Epidemiological reservations about risk assessment.

PMID- 4015587
TI  - Interaction of ionizing radiation and 8-methoxypsoralen photosensitization: some
      implications for risk assessment.

PMID- 4015588
TI  - Low-level exposures to chemical carcinogens: mutational end points.

PMID- 4015589
TI  - Radiogenic neoplasia in the thyroid and mammary clonogens: progress, problems and
      possibilities.

PMID- 4015590
TI  - Induction and manifestation of hereditary cataracts.
AB  - A cataract is an opacity of the lens causing a reduction of visual function. The
      organogenesis of the lens in various mammals is similar. Therefore, a cataract
      mutation in mice can be directly compared with cataracts in man. Screening for
      dominant cataracts in mice was combined with the scoring of specific locus
      mutations. This combination increases the number of scorable loci, allows the
      comparison of unselected and selected loci and makes possible a systematic
      comparison of dominant and recessive mutations. In a combined experiment,
      dominant cataract and specific locus mutations were scored in the same offspring
      of mice after treatment of spermatogonia. In radiation experiments the induced
      frequency of dominant cataracts in spermatogonia was after single exposure 4.5 -
      5.5 X 10(-5) mutations/gamete/Gy and for specific locus mutations 1.6 - 2.8 X 10(
      5) mutations/locus/Gy. In experiments with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) the induced
      frequency of dominant cataracts was 0.7 - 1.3 X 10(-5) (mutations/gamete)/(mg
      ENU/kg body weight) and for specific locus mutations 2.6 - 3.3 X 10(-6)
      (mutations/locus)/(mg ENU/kg body weight). The radiation-induced mutation rate
      can be used for the direct estimation of the genetic risk in humans. The
      genetically significant population dose for 19 000 offspring in Hiroshima and
      Nagasaki was estimated to be 1.1 X 10(6) man-rem, absorbed at high dose rate. For
      the 19 000 offspring one would expect less than 1 radiation-induced dominant
      cataract and a total of 20 - 25 dominant mutations. If the number of dominant and
      recessive loci are equal one would expect in addition the induction of 250
      recessive mutations in this population. Chemically induced dominant cataract
      mutations could be used to determine the allowable level of exposure for a single
      compound. The genetically characterized mutations will be an ideal source for
      studies in the field of developmental genetics. The investigation of alpha-, beta
      , and gamma-crystallins by electrophoretic methods, the activity determinations
      of enzymes and the systematic use of cDNA hybridization may lead to an
      understanding of the genesis of dominant cataracts in mice and man.

PMID- 4015591
TI  - Extrapolation from large-scale radiation exposures: cancer.
AB  - Even though much is known about cancer risk associated with exposure to ionizing
      radiation, societal demands for detailed risk assessment go far beyond our
      ability to satisfy them according to customary standards of scientific accuracy.
      Society's requirement, however, is for the best information available, however
      good it may be, and not necessarily for the definitive solution to the problem
      posed. Bayesian methods may be useful for presenting incomplete and varied data
      and informed scientific opinion in a form suitable for use in societal decision
      making, while at the same time providing a disciplinary framework for
      incorporating opinion into scientific recommendations. Inferences about
      individual cases and their relationship to risk of radiation carcinogenesis
      provide an especially severe test of the completeness of our understanding of the
      relationship between exposure and risk. This is particularly true with respect to
      the distribution of excess risk over time following exposure. Recent work
      suggests that a standard model often used for projection of risk forward in time,
      the constant relative excess model, may give a surprisingly accurate picture of
      time to tumor for a number of cancer sites.

PMID- 4015592
TI  - The feasibility and urgency of monitoring human populations for the genetic
      effects of radiation: the Hiroshima-Nagasaki experience.

PMID- 4015593
TI  - Prospects for cellular mutational assays in human populations.

PMID- 4015594
TI  - Cytogenetic and allied studies in populations exposed to radiations and chemical
      agents.

PMID- 4015595
TI  - Report of National Cancer Institute symposium: comparison of mechanisms of
      carcinogenesis by radiation and chemical agents. II. Cellular and animal models.

PMID- 4015596
TI  - Where the future? Part I--Round table discussion.

PMID- 4015598
TI  - The agent carrier and transfer approach to radiobiological responses.

PMID- 4015597
TI  - Where the future? Part II--Round table discussion.

PMID- 4015599
TI  - What are we doing when we think we are doing risk analysis?

PMID- 4015600
TI  - [Experience with Scheel's operation in the treatment of congenital clubfoot].

PMID- 4015601
TI  - [Experiences in the rehabilitation of patients with mainly traumatic spinal cord
      injuries].

PMID- 4015602
TI  - [Surgical method in intertrochanteric displacement osteotomy].

PMID- 4015603
TI  - [Development of coxarthrosis following intertrochanteric displacement osteotomy
      as seen in the roentgen film].

PMID- 4015604
TI  - [The value of Lindemann's method for the treatment of chronic simple or
      complicated knee joint instability].

PMID- 4015605
TI  - [Complex studies in juvenile osteochondrosis deformans of the hip (Calve-Legg
      Perthes). II. Roentgen diagnosis studies].

PMID- 4015606
TI  - [Sequelae of sickle cell disease for the skeletal system].

PMID- 4015607
TI  - [An additional case of an interosseous lipoma of the proximal tibia].

PMID- 4015608
TI  - The persistence of phorate and carbofuran in soil and rice plants.
AB  - The insecticides phorate and carbofuran applied at a range of 1 kg a.i./ha in a
      field trial against the important rice pest Hydronomidius molitor Faust, the rice
      root weevil, had largely degraded after 4 and 3 months, respectively, in flooded
      soil. In rice plants a strong decrease in the content of these insecticides was
      found three weeks after application. At the time of harvest, the rice plants did
      not contain any insecticide.

PMID- 4015609
TI  - Changes in the blood and foetal fluid composition at different stages of
      gestation in ewes.
AB  - In 15 West African Dwarf ewes blood and foetal fluid were collected and
      investigated on the 50th, 100th, and 150th day of gestation in order to determine
      normal values. The foetal fluid increased in volume and weight from day 50 to day
      150. It was clear, colourless, and slightly viscous by day 50, but creamy, more
      viscous, and mucoid by days 100 and 150. The number of cellular blood components
      was dependent on the gestational age. The same was found for electrolytes,
      cholesterol, total proteins, albumins, and globulin in the blood and amniotic
      fluids.

PMID- 4015610
TI  - Chromosomal translocation 1/29 in Santa Gertrudis sires.
AB  - Chromosomal analysis of 38 Holstein, 10 Santa Gertrudis, and 5 Zebu sires
      revealed for the first time the occurrence of the Robertson translocation in this
      breed. The importance is stressed of cytogenetic studies for sires.

PMID- 4015611
TI  - Fertility data from daughters of a Santa Gertrudis bull with chromosomal
      translocation 1/29.
AB  - Chromosomal analyses were carried out on 26 daughters of a Santa Gertrudis bull
      with Robertson translocation. All animals belonged to one herd and were of the
      same age. 11 of them showed translocation 1/29 associated with the lowest
      fertility performance. The low fertility of the Santa Gertrudis breed is assumed
      to be due to chromosome mutation.

PMID- 4015612
TI  - The influence of season, parity, and duration of lactation on some performance
      traits of sows indigenous to Nigeria.
AB  - 120 young sows of less than one year of age and 240 old sows indigenous to
      Nigeria were randomly subjected to a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial analysis of variance.
      The results showed that the factors season, parity, and lactation period had no
      influence on the gestation period and some weaning features, like the number of
      stillborn piglets per litter and pre-weaning deaths. More piglets were farrowed
      live by old sows than by the young sows. The litter birth weight, the number of
      piglets weaned per litter and the number of days to estrous following weaning
      depended on the season and the lactation length.

PMID- 4015613
TI  - Characterization of cattle in Nigeria--body measurements.
AB  - The beef cow breeds Boran, Muturu, and N'Dama, which are widely distributed in
      southern Nigeria, are described in their phenotypes and their performance
      characteristics. Body measurements exhibited highly significant differences
      between the breeds as to body weight, wither height, and body length. The
      constants are presented for estimating the body weight of these breeds from their
      heart girth and body length under Nsukka conditions. They can be used for
      measurements in inches (yielding the body weight in lbs) or in cm (body weight in
      kg).

PMID- 4015614
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of genetic variability in the house fly (Musca domestica
      L.).
AB  - Methods are described for the resolution of house fly, Musca domestica L.,
      enzymes by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An electrophoretic survey
      in Ames, Iowa, of 51 loci distributed among 26 enzyme systems revealed that 40%
      of the loci are polymorphic. Observed and expected heterozygosities measured at
      33 loci were 0.0981 and 0.1148, respectively. A significant deficiency of
      heterozygotes was noted at certain loci.

PMID- 4015615
TI  - Linkage of lactate dehydrogenase-2, Ldh-2, in the mouse.
AB  - An electrophoretically detectable variant of lactate dehydrogenase-2 in Mus
      musculus has been found and used to locate the structural gene, Ldh-2, on
      chromosome 6. Gene order and recombination frequencies are estimated as Sig--36.0
      +/- 4.8--Lc 21.0 +/- 4.1--Miwh--20.0 +/- 4.0--Ldh-2.

PMID- 4015616
TI  - Genetic variability of proteins from mitochondria and mitochondrial fractions of
      mouse organs.
AB  - Proteins of whole mitochondria from mouse liver and brain and proteins of liver
      mitochondrial fractions (plasma and rough membrane fraction) were separated by
      two-dimensional electrophoresis. Protein patterns of two inbred strains of mouse,
      C57BL/6J and DBA/2J, and of F1 mice of these two strains were studied. The
      protein patterns obtained from the different mitochondrial materials were
      analyzed with regard to their protein composition and the genetic variability of
      proteins (qualitative and quantitative protein variants). Included in this
      analysis are data previously obtained from the cytosols and plasma membranes of
      the same organs and mouse strains. The results showed the following. Mitochondria
      and organelle-free cell components (cytosol and plasma membranes) have only a few
      percent of their proteins in common, while two organs, liver and brain, reveal up
      to approximately 50% organ-nonspecific proteins. The frequency of proteins common
      to solubilized and structure-bound proteins ranges below 20%. Genetic variability
      in protein amount occurs much more frequently than genetic variability in protein
      structure. Liver proteins reveal more genetic variants than brain proteins.
      Proteins solubilized in the cell show more genetic variation than structure-bound
      proteins. Furthermore, the results show that with regard to the composition and
      the genetic variability of proteins, liver and brain differ more in their
      mitochondria than in their cytosol and plasma membranes.

PMID- 4015617
TI  - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins for genetic studies in Douglas
      fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii).
AB  - A method of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins from Douglas fir
      needles is described. Extraction in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
      and 2-mercaptoethanol followed by heating at 100 degrees C produces reliable two
      dimensional gels which are convenient for genetic studies. Three genotypes from
      different geographical origins have been compared: among 225 loci expressed, 22
      display regulatory variations and 7 show allelic variations. Thus it is now
      possible to undertake the genetic study of Douglas fir using this powerful
      technique.

PMID- 4015618
TI  - Cell proliferation-associated expression of a recently evolved isozyme of
      triosephosphate isomerase.
AB  - An electrophoretically unique, thermolabile isozyme of triosephosphate isomerase
      (TPI; EC 5.3.1.1) accounts for 10-30% of the enzymatic activity in a range of
      mitotically active human cells and tissues. This type 2 form (subunit) of human
      TPI appears in two isozymes, an anodally migrating, relative to the constitutive
      TPI-1/1 homodimer, TPI-2/2 homodimer and the TPI-1/2 heterodimer with an
      intermediate mobility. Human cell types expressing the induced isozyme, which is
      the product of the same structural locus as the constitutive isozyme, include
      mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, virally transformed B-lymphoblastoid cells,
      leukemia-derived T-lymphoblastoid cells, HeLa cells, both normal and transformed
      fibroblasts, and placental tissue. Extracts of nondividing or terminally
      differentiated human cells/tissues, such as erythrocytes, striated muscle,
      peripheral lymphocytes, and platelets, contain high levels of the constitutive
      TPI-1/1 isozyme but little or undetectable levels of the TPI-1/2 or TPI-2/2
      isozyme. The cell division-associated TPI-1/2 and -2/2 isozymes are distinct in
      electrophoretic mobility from the deamidated forms of the constitutive isozyme.
      Extracts of dividing gorilla fibroblasts display an isozyme pattern identical to
      that of proliferating human cells, but various proliferating cells derived from
      the African green monkey, rabbit, and chicken express only the constitutive
      isozyme. Thus, expression of the cell division-associated isozyme of TPI is
      restricted to the hominoids, suggesting a recently evolved modification mechanism
      which is specifically activated in proliferating cells.

PMID- 4015619
TI  - Tissue-specific developmental regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1 and SOD
      2) activities in genetic strains of mice.
AB  - The activity levels of CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SOD-1) and Mn SOD (SOD-2)
      in liver, kidney, and lung were assessed in newborn and 3-, 10-, 25-, and
      approximately 70-week-old females from seven genetic strains (BALB/c, Csb,
      C3H/HeSnJ, C3H/S, C57BL/6J, Swiss-Webster, and 129/ReJ) of mice. Total SOD enzyme
      activity was high at birth and declined somewhat with old age (approximately 70
      weeks) in the liver and increased in both kidney and lung from newborn to 25
      weeks. The activity level of SOD-1 was found to be highly variable among strains
      at different ages in liver, with little change associated with aging in the
      kidney, and showed a strain-specific increase during aging in the lung. In
      general, SOD-2 activity was lower than SOD-1 activity in liver and lung but
      levels of the two forms of this enzyme were similar in the kidney. The SOD-2
      activity increased with age with little variation among strains in kidney. The
      increase in this form of the enzyme with age was relatively small and strain
      specific in lung and highly variable among strains in the liver. The Csb genotype
      (acatalasemic) at age approximately 70 weeks showed an exceptionally high SOD-1
      activity associated with an exceptionally low SOD-2 activity in the liver.
      Changes in enzyme activity with age in different tissues associated with
      differences in activity level among genotypes (of the type reported here for SOD
      1 and SOD-2) may be indicative of a complex system of enzyme regulation. Further
      studies are needed to explain fully the genetic/molecular mechanism(s) for SOD
      regulation.

PMID- 4015621
TI  - Localization of genes coding for biochemical traits on the second chromosome of
      Drosophila imeretensis Sokolov (D. littoralis Meigen).
AB  - We have investigated 13 alleles of four genes coding for acid phosphatase, alpha-
      and beta-esterases, and malic enzyme. The genes were localized and their
      positions regarding the centromere are as follows: Acph-1--centromere--Me--cu--dt
      -alpha-Est--[Inversion 2t]--beta-Est. The occurrence of crossing over in
      Drosophila imeretensis males, as well as the tetrameric structure of malic
      enzyme, was confirmed.

PMID- 4015620
TI  - Immunological characterization of human acid phosphatase gene products.
AB  - The immunological cross-reactivity of heterogeneous acid phosphatase isozymes
      from different human tissues has been studied using monospecific antisera
      prepared against four homogeneous acid phosphatases. The enzyme characterized as
      tartrate-inhibitable, prostatic acid phosphatase is also found to be present in
      leukocytes, kidney, spleen, and placenta. The tartrate-inhibitable (liver)
      lysosomal enzyme is also found in kidney, fibroblasts, brain, placenta, and
      spleen, but it is not detectable in erythrocytes and prostate. In several
      tissues, 10-20% of the tartrate-inhibitable enzyme is not precipitated by any of
      the antisera used; an exceptionally high amount (54%) of such an enzyme is
      present in human brain. Antiserum against a low molecular weight tartrate
      resistant liver enzyme (14 kDa) does not crossreact with the erythrocyte enzyme.
      (10-20 kDa). All other tissues except placenta, prostate, and fibroblast cells
      show a cross-reactivity with the 14-kDa acid phosphatase antiserum. Thus, the low
      molecular weight human liver acid phosphatase is distinct from the erythrocyte
      enzyme, and there are also at least three different tartrate-inhibitable acid
      phosphatases in human tissues. Chromosomal assignments have been made for only
      two of the (at least) five acid phosphatases that are present in adult human
      tissues.

PMID- 4015622
TI  - Clinal genetic variation at enzyme loci in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
      from the western United States.
AB  - Five polymorphic enzyme loci of about 50 sampled were discovered in blood
      extracts of bald eagles from Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and Arizona,
      representing the first biochemical genetic variation described for the species.
      All five loci exhibited trends of north-to-south clinal geographic variation in
      gene frequencies. Gene frequencies at three loci culminated in fixation in the
      Arizona population, which consists of 12 known breeding pairs. The Arizona birds
      were maximally heterozygous at the other two loci, suggesting the possibility of
      maintenance of some clines by natural selection. No significant discontinuities
      in gene frequencies were observed which correlated with earlier descriptions of
      two subspecies (northern and southern races) of bald eagles.

PMID- 4015623
TI  - Solubilization of the alternative oxidase of cuckoo-pint (Arum maculatum)
      mitochondria. Stimulation by high concentrations of ions and effects of specific
      inhibitors.
AB  - Selective solubilization of cyanide- and antimycin-insensitive duroquinol oxidase
      activity from cuckoo-pint (Arum maculatum) mitochondria was achieved using
      taurocholate. Inhibitor-sensitivities and water-forming DQH2 (tetramethyl-p
      hydroquinone, reduced form): O2 stoichiometry were the same for the alternative
      oxidase of intact Arum mitochondria. Cyanide-insensitive oxidation of DQH2 by
      intact and solubilized mitochondria was stimulated by up to four-fold by high
      concentrations of anions high in the Hofmeister series, such as phosphate,
      sulphate or citrate. Optimal (0.7 M) sodium citrate increased Vmax. for DQH2
      oxidation by the solubilized preparation from 450 to 2400 nmol of O2 X min-1 X mg
      of protein-1 and decreased the apparent Km for DQH2 from 0.53 to 0.38 mM.
      Inhibition of solubilized DQH2 oxidase activity by CLAM (m-chlorobenzhydroxamic
      acid) and SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid) was mixed competitive/non-competitive,
      with apparent inhibition constants for CLAM of 25 microM (Ki) and 81 microM (KI)
      and for SHAM of 53 microM (Ki) and 490 microM (KI). Propyl gallate and UHDBT were
      non-competitive inhibitors with respect to DQH2 (apparent Ki = 0.3 microM and 12
      nM respectively). Low concentrations of C18 fatty acids selectively inhibited
      cyanide-insensitive oxidation by intact and solubilized mitochondria, and
      inhibition was reversed by 1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin. Inhibition was
      competitive with DQH2, suggesting that fatty acids interfere reversably with the
      binding of DQH2 to the oxidase. These results tend to support the view that
      quinol oxidation by the alternative pathway of Arum maculatum mitochondria is
      catalysed by a quinol oxidase protein, rather than by a non-enzymic mechanism
      involving fatty acid peroxidative reaction. [Rustin, Dupont & Lance (1983) Trends
      Biochem. Sci. 8, 155-157; (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 225, 630-639].

PMID- 4015624
TI  - The inactivation of ornithine transcarbamoylase by N delta-(N'-sulpho
      diaminophosphinyl)-L-ornithine.
AB  - Phaseolotoxin, a tripeptide inhibitor of ornithine transcarbamoylase, is a
      phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the causal agent of
      halo-blight in beans. In vivo the toxin is cleaved to release N delta-(N'-sulpho
      diaminophosphinyl)-L-ornithine, the major toxic chemical species present in
      diseased leaf tissue. This paper reports on the interaction between N delta-(N'
      sulpho-diaminophosphinyl)-L-ornithine and ornithine transcarbamoylase. N delta
      (N'-Sulpho-diaminophosphinyl)-L-ornithine was found to be a potent inactivator of
      the enzyme, in contrast with phaseolotoxin, which previously has been reported to
      inhibit the enzyme reversibly. Inactivation by N delta-(N'-[35S]sulpho
      diaminophosphinyl)-L-ornithine resulted in the incorporation of 35S into ethanol
      precipitated protein. The stoicheiometry of 35S incorporation was approximately 1
      mol/mol of active sites. Inactivation was second-order and a rate constant of
      10(6) M-1 X s-1 at 0 degree C in 50 mM-Tris/HCl, pH 9.0, was obtained. Carbamoyl
      phosphate, a substrate of ornithine transcarbamoylase, protected the enzyme from
      inactivation. A dissociation constant of 3 microM for the enzyme-carbamoyl
      phosphate complex was calculated. L-Ornithine, the second substrate for ornithine
      transcarbamoylase, protected the enzyme only at high concentrations. The results
      are consistent with N delta-(N'-sulpho-diaminophosphinyl)-L-ornithine being a
      potent affinity label that binds via the carbamoyl phosphate-binding site of
      ornithine transcarbamoylase. Cleavage of phaseolotoxin to N delta-(N'-sulpho
      diaminophosphinyl)-L-ornithine in vivo appears to be an important function in the
      physiology of the disease.

PMID- 4015625
TI  - A kinetic and equilibrium study of ligand binding to a Root-effect haemoglobin.
AB  - The blood of the striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax) contains one major Root
      effect haemoglobin. Titrations of this haemoglobin with CO show that at high pH
      the molecule is highly co-operative (Hill coefficient 2.8) whereas at low pH the
      titration data can best be described as the sum of contributions from non-co
      operating subunits of different affinity. In terms of the two-state model the R
      state affinity constant is much more sensitive to pH than is that of the T state.
      Flash-photolysis studies were used to characterize the kinetics of ligand binding
      to this haemoglobin. Both T and R states show kinetic heterogeneity in their
      recombination time courses, associated with the alpha- and beta-chains of the
      molecule. The rate constants for ligand binding to each chain, in each quaternary
      state, were determined, and in conjunction with the allosteric equilibrium
      parameters determined at pH8.0 were used in the two-state analysis of reaction
      curves, over a range of ligand concentration. The two-state model, extended to
      take account of chain difference, adequately fits the homotrophic effects
      observed for this haemoglobin. The two-state model is, however, inadequate in its
      description of the heterotropic effects produced by protons.

PMID- 4015626
TI  - Studies in vivo and in vitro on the uptake and degradation of soluble collagen
      alpha 1(I) chains in rat liver endothelial and Kupffer cells.
AB  - Intravenously administered 125I-labelled monomeric alpha 1 chains (125I-alpha 1)
      of collagen type I were rapidly cleared and degraded by the liver of rats.
      Isolation of the liver cells after injection of the label revealed that the
      uptake per liver endothelial cell equalled the uptake per Kupffer cell, whereas
      the amount taken up per hepatocyte was negligible. The uptake of 125I-alpha 1 in
      cultured cells was 10 times higher per liver endothelial cell than per Kupffer
      cell. The ligand was efficiently degraded by cultures of both cell types.
      However, spent medium from cultures of Kupffer cells, unlike that from cultures
      of other cells, contained gelatinolytic activity which degraded 125I-alpha 1. The
      presence of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate or mannose/N-acetylglucosamine
      terminal glycoproteins, which are endocytosed by the liver endothelial cells via
      specific receptors, did not interfere with binding, uptake or degradation of 125I
      alpha 1 by these cells. Unlabelled alpha 1 and heat-denatured collagen inhibited
      the binding to a much greater extent than did native collagen. The presence of
      fibronectin or F(ab')2 fragments of anti-fibronectin antibodies did not affect
      the interaction of the liver endothelial cells, or of other types of liver cells,
      with 125I-alpha 1. The accumulation of fluorescein-labelled heat-denatured
      collagen in vesicles of cultured liver endothelial cells is evidence that the
      protein is internalized. Moreover, chloroquine, 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1
      sulphonylcadaverine (dansylcadaverine), monensin and cytochalasin B, which impede
      one or more steps of the endocytic process, inhibited the uptake of 125I-alpha 1
      by the liver endothelial cells. Leupeptin, an inhibitor of cathepsin B and
      'collagenolytic cathepsins', inhibited the intralysosomal degradation of 125I
      alpha 1, but had no effect on the rate of uptake of the ligand. The current data
      are interpreted as follows. (1) The ability of the liver endothelial cells and
      the Kupffer cells to sequester circulating 125I-alpha 1 efficiently may indicate
      a physiological pathway for the breakdown of connective-tissue collagen. (2) The
      liver endothelial cells express receptors that specifically recognize and mediate
      the endocytosis of collagen alpha 1(I) monomers. (3) The receptors also recognize
      denatured collagen (gelatin). (4) Fibronectin is not involved in the binding of
      alpha 1 to the receptors. (5) Degradation occurs intralysosomally by leupeptin
      inhibitable cathepsins.

PMID- 4015627
TI  - Induction of metallothionein mRNA in rat liver and kidney after copper chloride
      injection.
AB  - The kinetics of the increase of metallothionein mRNA in rat liver and kidney
      after CuCl2 injection was determined by cell-free translation and dot-blot
      hybridization of total RNA isolated at various times after the injection. Both
      assay procedures gave essentially the same result: a 16-fold increase in hepatic
      metallothionein mRNA was observed 7h after CuCl2 injection, with a decline to
      basal values by 15 h. The response in the kidney was less dramatic, with a 6-fold
      increase in metallothionein mRNA 5 h after injection, and basal values were
      attained by 12h. The rise in Cu2+ concentration in both organs was closely
      correlated with the increase in metallothionein mRNA; hepatic Cu2+ was increased
      5.9-fold by 5h after injection and renal Cu2+ was increased 4.3-fold 5h after
      injection. The Zn2+ concentration in the liver had not risen significantly within
      5h of Cu2+ injection. Renal Zn2+ concentrations did not alter appreciably in the
      Cu2+-treated animals. These results support the conclusion that Cu2+ is acting as
      a primary inducer of metallothionein mRNA in the rat.

PMID- 4015629
TI  - Fresh non-fruit latex of Carica papaya contains papain, multiple forms of
      chymopapain A and papaya proteinase omega.

PMID- 4015628
TI  - Kinetic studies of the uptake of aspartate aminotransferase and malate
      dehydrogenase into mitochondria in vitro.
AB  - Kinetic measurements of the uptake of native mitochondrial aspartate
      aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase into mitochondria in vitro were carried
      out. The uptake of both the enzymes is essentially complete in 1 min and shows
      saturation characteristics. The rate of uptake of aspartate aminotransferase into
      mitochondria is decreased by malate dehydrogenase, and vice versa. The inhibition
      is exerted by isoenzyme remaining outside the mitochondria rather than by
      isoenzyme that has been imported. The thiol compound beta-mercaptoethanol
      decreases the rate of uptake of the tested enzymes; inhibition is a result of
      interaction of beta-mercaptoethanol with the mitochondria and not with the
      enzymes themselves. The rate of uptake of aspartate aminotransferase is inhibited
      non-competitively by malate dehydrogenase, but competitively by beta
      mercaptoethanol. The rate of uptake of malate dehydrogenase is inhibited non
      competitively by aspartate aminotransferase and by beta-mercaptoethanol. beta
      Mercaptoethanol prevents the inhibition of the rate of uptake of malate
      dehydrogenase by aspartate aminotransferase. These results are interpreted in
      terms of a model system in which the two isoenzymes have separate but interacting
      binding sites within a receptor in the mitochondrial membrane system.

PMID- 4015630
TI  - Quantitation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma, by ion-pairing reverse phase
      high performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - An ion-pairing high performance liquid chromatography method is described for the
      separation and quantitation of malondialdehyde in plasma. The MDA is determined
      as the thiobarbiturate chromogen formed by reaction of the plasma with 2
      thiobarbituric acid under acid and heating conditions. However, under these
      conditions other interfering chromogens can also be formed. Using DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography followed by ion-pairing HPLC, we have been able to separate and
      quantitate the levels of MDA-TBA chromogen formed in plasma from other
      interfering chromogens. Measurements of MDA levels in the plasma of six normal
      individuals by HPLC gives a mean value of 4.57 +/- 0.33 nmole/ml, whereas the
      spectrophotometric determined value is 8.83 +/- 1.15 nmole/ml. These data suggest
      that some reevaluation of the numerous papers published on MDA levels in plasma
      using spectrophotometric methods may be necessary.

PMID- 4015631
TI  - Regulation of NAD- and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase by thyroxine in the
      brain and liver of female rats of various ages.
AB  - The specific activity of NAD- and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase and their
      regulation by thyroxine in the brain and liver of female rats of various ages
      were studied with the ultimate goal of better understanding the decreased
      physiological functioning of the brain and liver during old age. Both
      thyroidectomy and thyroxine treatment have differential age-dependent effects on
      the activities of these enzymes in both tissues. The activity of NAD-ICDH
      decreases whereas both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial NADP-ICDH increase
      simultaneously following thyroidectomy. Thyroxine administration induces NAD-ICDH
      and depresses NADP-ICDH. The degree of induction and/or repression is lowest in
      old rats. These effects of thyroxine are actinomycin D sensitive in both the
      tissues of rats.

PMID- 4015632
TI  - The increase of lipid peroxidation in rat adjuvant arthritis and its inhibition
      by superoxide dismutase.
AB  - Adjuvant arthritis was induced in rats by the injection of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis, and its severity was scored according to the macroscopic findings
      of the legs, tail, and ears. The average score so obtained was lower in SOD
      injected rats than in the control group. The depression of albumin/globulin ratio
      was inhibited significantly in rats treated with 10.0 mg/kg of SOD. The levels of
      acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were elevated after the administration of
      an adjuvant, and these lysosomal enzymes showed a remarkable increase in the
      control rats, while the elevation was inhibited in rats injected with 10.0 mg/kg
      of SOD. The levels of TBA-reactive substances in the sera and synovia were
      elevated at 2 weeks after the injection of adjuvant and decreased thereafter. In
      rats injected with 5.0 mg/kg or 10.0 mg/kg of SOD, the increase in both serum and
      synovial levels of TBA reactants was inhibited significantly. These observations
      suggest that the aggravation of adjuvant arthritis may be associated with lipid
      peroxidation due to superoxide, and that SOD may be beneficial for the treatment
      of arthritis.

PMID- 4015633
TI  - Heterogeneity of tissue sterols and glycerolipids in Wolman's disease.

PMID- 4015634
TI  - A new enzyme-coupled spectrophotometric method for the determination of arginase
      activity.
AB  - A spectrophotometric method for the determination of arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) is
      presented. Arginase is coupled to urease and glutamate dehydrogenase and the
      decrease in absorbance at 340 nm due to the oxidation of NADPH is followed. The
      method is rapid, is sensitive, is economical and permits continuous monitoring.
      The initial velocities were directly proportional to the enzyme concentrations
      between 0.06 and 0.30 units per 0.5 ml. The Lineweaver-Burk plot yielded positive
      allosteric behavior for the tetrameric enzyme. The K' and the Hill coefficient,
      n, calculated from Hill plot were found to be 4.7 mM and 1.26 (r = 1.00),
      respectively. These values are in good agreement with the literature.

PMID- 4015635
TI  - Serum concentrations of glucuronidated and sulfated bile acids in children with
      cholestasis.
AB  - Serum concentrations of nonglucuronidated-nonsulfated, glucuronidated, and
      sulfated bile acids in 9 control children and 16 children with cholestasis were
      quantitated by mass fragmentography. Total bile acid levels in control children
      were 19.55 +/- 2.78 mumol/liter (mean +/- SEM), and glucuronidated and sulfated
      bile acids comprised 2.6 +/- 0.5 and 17 +/- 3.1%, respectively. In 9 patients
      with congenital biliary atrasia, total bile acid levels were 167.34 +/- 11.18
      mumole/liter of which 2.1 +/- 0.3% were glucuronidated and 15 +/- 1.4% were
      sulfated. Lithocholic and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acids, which have
      hepatotoxic effects, were presented in only small amounts in cholestatic
      children, and they were almost all glucuronidated or sulfated. The percentages of
      glucuronidated bile acids in control and cholestatic children were lower than in
      healthy and cholestatic adults, which may be explained by the lower activity of
      UDP-glucuronyltransferase in neonatal liver.

PMID- 4015636
TI  - Effect of clofibrate on peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation in chicken
      liver.
AB  - The effect of a 0.25% clofibrate diet for 2 weeks on peroxisomal and
      mitochondrial beta-oxidation in chicken liver was studied. The activities of
      antimycin antimycin A-insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidation (peroxisomal beta
      oxidation) and carnitine acetyltransferase increased about two-fold. The
      activities of palmitoyl-CoA-dependent O2 consumption (mitochondrial beta
      oxidation) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase were also slightly activated by the
      administration of clofibrate, but not significant. Thus, clofibrate may be a
      typical drug which activates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation more than the
      mitochondrial one in various species. The effect of clofibrate on peroxisomal
      carnitine acetyltransferase was the same as that on the mitochondrial one in
      chicken liver. Serum lipids were not lowered, but hepatomegaly was observed in
      the present experiment with chicken.

PMID- 4015637
TI  - Determination of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid in serum of hepatobiliary
      diseases--its glucuronidated and sulfated conjugates.
AB  - 3 beta-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid in the serum of control subjects and 62 patients
      with various hepatobiliary diseases was quantitated by mass fragmentography after
      separation into nonglucuronidated-nonsulfated, glucuronidated, and sulfated
      fractions. Deuterium-labeled deoxycholic acid and its glucuronide and sulfate
      were used as internal standards. Mean concentrations of total 3 beta-hydroxy-5
      cholenoic acid in serum (mumole/liter) were as follows: Control subjects (14),
      0.184; obstructive jaundice (15), 6.783; liver cirrhosis, compensated (12),
      0.433, and decompensated (12), 1.636; chronic hepatitis (12), 0.241; and acute
      hepatitis (11), 2.364. Most of the 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was
      glucuronidated or sulfated. Only in patients with obstructive jaundice did
      glucuronidation (60 +/- 14%) exceed sulfation (31 +/- 14%), sulfation exceeding
      glucuronidation in the others. The UDP-glucuronyltransferase might have different
      substrate specificities for 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid and other common bile
      acids, especially in the cholestatic state.

PMID- 4015638
TI  - Isolation of porcine follicular fluid inhibin of 32K daltons.
AB  - Purification of ovarian inhibin from porcine follicular fluid was performed by
      using an bioassay based upon the suppression of spontaneous FSH release from
      cultured cells of rat anterior pituitary. The presence in the follicular fluid of
      four molecular forms of inhibin activity corresponding to Mr 100K, 80K, 55K and
      32K was revealed by SDS-gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions. The
      smallest inhibin amongst them, named 32K inhibin, eliciting about 70% of the
      total activity in the follicular fluid, was separated by gel filtration in the
      presence of 8 M urea. By subsequent ion-exchange chromatography, followed by RP
      HPLC, 32K inhibin was purified to homogeneity with a 8,000 fold purification
      factor in a yield of 12%. The purified 32K inhibin was found to comprise two
      polypeptide subunits (Mr 20K and 13K), linked by disulfide bridges and to
      specifically suppress the secretion of FSH, but not of LH from the pituitary
      cells.

PMID- 4015639
TI  - Direct enzyme transfer from lymphocytes corrects a lysosomal storage disease.
AB  - Fibroblasts from patients with mannosidosis, the lysosomal storage disease
      resulting from an inherited deficiency of lysosomal alpha-D-mannosidase (EC
      3.2.1.24), accumulate specific mannose-containing oligosaccharides which are
      characteristic of the disease (1,2). The present study shows that these
      substances were extensively degraded following transfer of the missing enzyme
      from normal lymphocytes to mannosidosis fibroblasts on direct contact in tissue
      culture. Moreover, prolonged correction of the metabolic abnormality of the
      recipient cells was sustained if contact with fresh donor lymphocytes was
      periodically renewed. These findings may be highly relevant to lymphocyte
      function in enzyme replacement therapy by transplantation procedures currently
      being attempted.

PMID- 4015640
TI  - Effects of D- and L-thyroxine on the glucocorticoid binding capacity of adult rat
      liver.
AB  - Administration of either D- or L-thyroxine (T4) significantly increased the
      glucocorticoid binding capacity of cytosol of the livers of adrenalectomized
      adult rats. Administration of up to 0.5 mg/100 g body wt. of L-T4 was more
      effective than that of D-T4, but higher doses (0.8-3 mg/100 g body wt.) of D-T4
      increased the binding capacity markedly to more than that with L-T4. T4-
      administration did not alter the apparent dissociation constant of glucocorticoid
      binding proteins for glucocorticoid binding, or their behavior on DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography either before or after thermal activation (23 degrees C for 40
      min). Thus the increased binding capacity seemed to be due to increase in the
      level of glucocorticoid receptor in rat liver.

PMID- 4015641
TI  - Chemical modification of carboxyl groups on spinach ferredoxin alters its ability
      to interact with ferredoxin:NADP reductase.
AB  - Treatment of spinach ferredoxin with glycine ethyl ester in the presence of a
      water soluble carbodiimide resulted in the modification of 3-4 carboxyl groups
      and decreased the ability of ferredoxin to participate in NADP photoreduction by
      chloroplast membranes by about 80%. The ability of the modified ferredoxin to
      receive electrons from the reducing side of Photosystem I was relatively
      unaffected. These findings suggest that the modified ferredoxin is unable to
      interact with ferredoxin:NADP reductase. This has been verified by demonstration
      that the modified ferredoxin fails to produce difference spectra typical of a
      ferredoxin-ferredoxin:NADP reductase complex when added to ferredoxin:NADP
      reductase.

PMID- 4015642
TI  - Cardiac substances that influence blood-pressure. II. Potent pressor activity in
      rat and rabbit atrial muscle.
AB  - In addition to their natriuretic, diuretic and vasodilator activities, freshly
      prepared aqueous extracts of either rat or rabbit atrial myocardium were shown to
      elicit significant increases in the blood-pressure of anaesthetized rats. Small
      aliquots (0.05 ml) intravenously administered caused a transient rise in mean
      arterial blood-pressure of up to 20%. Slow infusion of 0.4 ml right atrial
      extract (corresponding to about one half of a rabbit right atrial lobe) during 90
      seconds caused the expected natriuresis and diuresis, together with a sustained
      elevation in arterial blood-pressure (ca 25%) that returned to normal within 3
      minutes. This potent pressor activity could not be detected in ventricular
      extracts. It was furthermore readily separable from the natriuretic peptides and
      catecholamines by ultrafiltration. The atrial pressor factor is a small
      proteolytically unstable molecule (300-1000 dalton).

PMID- 4015643
TI  - Cysteine conjugate beta-lyase activities in rat kidney cortex: subcellular
      localization and relationship to the hepatic enzyme.
AB  - Kidney cortex cysteine conjugate beta-lyase enzymes were characterized using S-(2
      benzothiazolyl)-L-cysteine and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine as substrates.
      The contribution of the hepatic form of cysteine conjugate beta-lyase to renal
      metabolism of these S-cysteine conjugates is not substantial. No cysteine
      conjugate beta-lyase activity was found in kidney cortex brush border membrane
      vesicles. Two cysteine conjugate beta-lyase activities with densities
      corresponding to the mitochondrial and soluble fractions were separated on
      Percoll gradients.

PMID- 4015644
TI  - Effect of calmodulin on the structural state of photoreceptor membranes and
      rhodopsin-containing phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - The effect of calmodulin on the order of lipids in rhodopsin-free and rhodopsin
      containing membranes has been studied using spin-label electron spin resonance
      methods. Calmodulin, up to 10(-6)M, did not change the measured order of lipids
      in bilayer membranes containing only rhodopsin. However, for bovine rod outer
      segment disc membranes, which contain rhodopsin and other proteins, calmodulin
      induced a significant concentration and temperature dependent increase in the
      order of the membrane lipids. This suggests that the site of calmodulin binding
      is remote from rhodopsin itself, and the nature of the binding appears to be a
      membrane surface phenomenon.

PMID- 4015645
TI  - Effect of polyamines on hemoglobin and globin chain synthesis.
AB  - Exposure of reticulocytes to 25 mM spermidine and spermine stimulates the
      incorporation of 14C leucine into hemoglobin and globin polypeptide chains. These
      two polyamines stimulate beta chain synthesis to a greater extent than they
      stimulate alpha chain synthesis, thus resulting in a decreased synthetic
      alpha/beta globin ratio. Because of the low permeability of the red cell membrane
      to these polycations, less than 1.0% of extracellular spermidine and spermine
      accumulate within the erythrocyte, thus these effects occur at intracellular
      polyamine levels that are physiological. Putrescine progressively decreases
      hemoglobin synthesis at extracellular concentrations greater than 10 mM without
      affecting the synthetic alpha/beta ratio. These findings suggest a role for
      polyamines in the fine tuning of the alpha/beta globin ratio at the translational
      level.

PMID- 4015646
TI  - Isoform heterogeneity and lipid affinity of human lymph and plasma apolipoprotein
      A-IV.
AB  - We have compared the physical properties and lipid affinity of apolipoprotein A
      IV isolated from lymph chylomicrons and from lipoprotein-depleted plasma. Lymph
      and plasma apolipoprotein A-IV demonstrated distinctly different charge
      properties as assessed by anion exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing.
      These differences were not attributable to disparities of amino acid or sialic
      acid content. Lymph apolipoprotein A-IV displayed a significantly higher affinity
      than plasma apolipoprotein A-IV for particles of a phospholipid-triglyceride
      emulsion. We conclude that the charge properties of human lymph and plasma
      apolipoprotein A-IV may determine conformational states which alter its ability
      to bind to the surface of lipid particles.

PMID- 4015648
TI  - Effects of acetylenic and olefinic pyrenes upon cytochrome P-450 dependent
      benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity in liver microsomes.
AB  - 1-Ethynylpyrene, trans-, & cis-1-(2-bromovinyl)pyrene, methyl 1-pyrenyl
      acetylene, and phenyl 1-pyrenyl acetylene are substrates for cytochrome P-450
      dependent monooxygenases and also inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 dependent
      benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities in liver microsomes from 5,6-benzoflavone
      or phenobarbital pretreated rats. 1-Ethynylpyrene, trans-1-(2-bromovinyl)pyrene,
      and methyl 1-pyrenyl acetylene cause a mechanism based inhibition (suicide
      inhibition) of the benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities in microsomes from 5,6
      benzoflavone or phenobarbital pretreated rats, while cis-1-(2-bromovinyl)pyrene
      only causes suicide inhibition of the hydroxylse activities in the 5,6
      benzoflavone induced microsomes and phenyl 1-pyrenyl acetylene does not cause a
      detectable suicide inhibition of these activities in either type of microsome.
      Incubation with NADPH and 1-ethynylpyrene, trans-, or cis-1-(2-bromovinyl)pyrene
      causes a loss of the P-450 content in the microsomes from 5,6-benzoflavone or
      phenobarbital pretreated rats, but incubations with methyl 1-pyrenyl acetylene or
      phenyl 1-pyrenyl acetylene did not cause a loss of the P-450 content of either
      microsomal preparation.

PMID- 4015647
TI  - The [4B-3H] NADH-H2O exchange reaction of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase.
AB  - The purified mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase enzyme has been shown to catalyze a
      rapid [4B-3H] NADH-H2O exchange reaction. When the enzyme is subjected to a
      single freeze-thaw cycle there is a complete loss of NADH dehydrogenation without
      a measurable decrease in the [4B-3H] NADH-H2O exchange. Complete loss of the [4B
      3H] NADH-H2O exchange follows brief exposure to ultraviolet photoirradiation. The
      differential sensitivity of the water exchange reaction and the dehydrogenase
      activity suggests a direct involvement of the enzymes flavin cofactor in the
      catalysis of the [4B-3H] NADH-H2O exchange. Arylazido-beta-alanyl NAD+ (A3'-0-[3
      [N-4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino] propionyl]NAD+) is shown to be a potent
      photodependent inhibitor of the [4B-3H] NADH-H2O exchange activity following
      photoirradiation with visible light. This is consistent with the observed
      photodependent inhibition of the dehydrogenase activity by this photoprobe (Chen,
      S. and Guillory, R.J. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 8318-8323).

PMID- 4015649
TI  - Molecular size of histamine H-1 receptor determined by target size analysis.
AB  - Target size analysis (radiation inactivation) was used to study the molecular
      size of the histamine H-1 receptor of bovine and human cerebral cortex in the
      intact membrane-bound state. The H-1 receptor in bovine and human cerebral cortex
      was found to exist in the membrane as a homogeneous population of the same size
      (160,000 daltons) in each case. Thus no evidence for the existence of multiple
      forms of the receptor has been found.

PMID- 4015650
TI  - Structural studies on Allium cepa L. chromatin: enhanced stability of
      internucleosome interactions in plant chromatin.
AB  - The pattern of micrococcal nuclease digestion of chromatin from different organs
      of Allium cepa has been studied. The DNA from small oligonucleosomes appears to
      be highly degraded and heterogeneous. In solutions of intermediate ionic strength
      (0.15 M NaCl) histones H2A and H2B form dimers, however at high salt
      concentrations (2 M NaCl) they tend to form complexes of higher order, such as
      tetramers. It is proposed that a correlation exists between the ability of these
      proteins to form tetramers and the particular stability of internucleosome
      interactions.

PMID- 4015651
TI  - Acute effects of tumor-promoting phorbol esters on hepatic intermediary
      metabolism.
AB  - In hepatocytes isolated from meal-fed rats, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate as
      well as phorbol 12,13-didecanoate stimulated de novo fatty acid synthesis in a
      dose-dependent manner. Moreover, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate inhibited
      ketogenesis from exogenous oleate, but slightly enhanced oleate esterification.
      The stimulation of esterification was more pronounced with endogenously
      synthesized fatty acids. In hepatocytes from 24h-starved rats a moderate
      stimulation of gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis was observed with glutamine as
      substrate. It is concluded that tumor-promoting phorbol esters mimic the short
      term effects of insulin on hepatic fatty acid metabolism.

PMID- 4015652
TI  - Synthesis and evaluation of a miniature organic model of chymotrypsin.
AB  - An artificial chymotrypsin, with all the features of the real chymotrypsin,
      namely a binding site (from cyclodextrin) attached to a catalytic site containing
      an imidazolyl group, a carboxylate group and a hydroxyl group, has been
      synthesized. This artificial chymotrypsin has a molecular weight of only 1,365
      while the real enzyme has a molecular weight of 24,800. However, from preliminary
      measurements, both the real and artificial enzymes have approximately the same
      catalytic activity (both rate and binding constants).

PMID- 4015653
TI  - Bromodeoxyuridine treatment of rat liver cells in culture induces an increased
      metabolic conversion of exogenous ornithine.
AB  - In the presence of bromodeoxyuridine, rat liver cells show an increased
      incorporation of radiolabeled ornithine into cellular proteins. This increase was
      not due to activation of urea cycle enzymes but rather to an increase in
      metabolism of ornithine. Furthermore, treatment with bromodeoxyuridine changes
      profoundly and selectively the size of the free amino acid pool in these cells.

PMID- 4015654
TI  - DNA sequence for cloned cDNA for murine amelogenin reveal the amino acid sequence
      for enamel-specific protein.
AB  - Enamel is the unique and highly mineralized extracellular matrix that covers
      vertebrate teeth. Amelogenin proteins represent the predominate subfamily of gene
      products found in developing mammalian enamel, and are implicated in the
      regulation of the formation of the largest hydroxyapatite crystals in the
      vertebrate body. Previous attempts to isolate, purify and characterize
      amelogenins extracted from developing matrix have proven difficult. We now have
      determined the DNA sequence for a cDNA for the 26-kDa class of murine amelogenin
      and deduced its corresponding amino acid sequence. The murine amino acid sequence
      is homologous to bovine or porcine amelogenins extracted from developing enamel
      matrices. However, an additional 10-residues were found at the carboxy terminus
      of the murine amelogenin. This is the most complete sequence database for
      amelogenin peptides and the only DNA sequence for enamel specific genes.

PMID- 4015655
TI  - Role of topological constraints in the all-or-none transition of a globular
      protein model: theory of the helix-coil transition in doubly crosslinked, coiled
      coils.
AB  - Employing a recently developed statistical mechanical theory, the alpha-helix-to
      random-coil transition in two-chain, coiled coils is shown to possess many of the
      essential qualitative features of the equilibrium folding process in globular
      proteins. The role of short vs. long range interactions in stabilizing the native
      structure is examined. We demonstrate in doubly crosslinked coiled coils how, due
      to the role of loop entropy, an intrinsically continuous conformational
      transition evolves into one well approximated by an all-or-none transition. Thus
      the present work points out the crucial role played by loop entropy in the
      conformational transition in coiled coils in particular and perhaps in globular
      proteins in general.

PMID- 4015656
TI  - Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometric identification of molecular species of
      platelet-activating factor produced by stimulated human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.
AB  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry was used to identify molecular species of
      platelet-activating factor (PAF) produced by stimulated human neutrophilic
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Normal and reverse-phase high performance liquid
      chromatography were employed to separate the individual regions with PAF activity
      prior to mass spectrometric analysis. The following alkyl chain homologs of
      acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) were found: C16:0, C17:0, C18:0
      and C18:1. There was also evidence for the presence of the C15:0 homolog, as well
      as other species which have not yet been identified.

PMID- 4015657
TI  - Response of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase and polyamine concentration to
      surgical stress in the rat: evidence for a permissive effect of catecholamines on
      glucocorticoid action.
AB  - Laparatomy of the rat dramatically induced hepatic ornithine decarboxylase that
      reached a peak 4 h after the operation. A similar pattern was shown by putrescine
      concentration. Spermidine was also enhanced, while spermine maintained unchanged.
      Administration to the animals of either isoproterenol or glucocorticoids
      (hydrocortisone or dexamethasone) also caused dramatic elevation of liver
      ornithine decarboxylase. The effect of isoproterenol, but not that of
      glucocorticoids, was prevented by previous treatment with propranolol. The beta
      blockade was unable to prevent the effect of laparatomy on the liver enzyme. This
      was obtained instead, by depleting the endogenous catecholamines with either
      alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine or reserpine. Under these conditions, administration of
      glucocorticoids had no effect on the hepatic enzyme.

PMID- 4015658
TI  - Monoclonal antibody directed isolation and amino-terminal sequence analysis of
      phenobarbital induced rat liver cytochromes P-450.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450 was isolated from liver microsomes of phenobarbital treated rats
      by an essentially single step immunopurification with a monoclonal antibody
      (MAb). The amino terminal sequence of the isolated cytochrome P-450 displayed a
      microheterogeneity of isozymes related to previously identified phenobarbital
      induced forms, indicating that each of these isozymes possess the MAb-specific
      epitope. This monoclonal antibody-based approach to isolation and subsequent
      identification of cytochrome P-450 may serve to classify different isozymes by
      their content of epitopes that bind to different MAbs.

PMID- 4015659
TI  - Some characteristics of Ca2+ transport in plant mitochondria.
AB  - Coupled mitochondria isolated from the white leaves of cabbage (Brassica
      Oleracea, var. capitata) were inactive in respiration-coupled Ca2+ accumulation,
      in contrast to mitochondria isolated from etiolated corn (Zea mays) which showed
      the ability to take up Ca2+ from the medium, although with a much lower activity
      than liver mitochondria. The addition of corn mitochondria to aerobic medium
      containing succinate as respiratory substrate and a free Ca2+ concentration of 40
      microM resulted in Ca2+ uptake with a decrease in free Ca2+ concentration until a
      steady state of about 2.0 microM was reached and maintained constant for several
      minutes. Perturbation of this steady state by the addition of Ca2+ or EGTA was
      followed by Ca2+ uptake or release, respectively, until the steady state was
      attained at the original extramitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration. These
      results indicate that corn but not cabbage mitochondria, as with some animal
      mitochondria, have the ability to buffer external Ca2+ and may be involved in the
      maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis in the cell.

PMID- 4015660
TI  - Acetaldehyde-dependent oxidation of glutathione catalyzed by rat liver cytosol.
AB  - We have identified a novel reaction in which acetaldehyde promotes rat hepatic
      cytosolic catalysis of O2 consumption coupled with glutathione oxidation without
      apparent release of activated forms of O2. Acetaldehyde is not consumed in the
      reaction. The reaction (O2 consumption or oxidized glutathione production) is
      saturable with respect to varying glutathione (K'm congruent to 20-45 microM) but
      not at high acetaldehyde concentrations. However, activity in the range of
      acetaldehyde found in liver from alcohol metabolism (10-100 microM) appeared to
      be saturable (K'm congruent to 25-50 microM). Since neither acetaldehyde
      dependent glutathione loss nor O2 consumption is detectable in guinea pig hepatic
      cytosol or hepatic cytosol from selenium-deficient rats, we propose that
      acetaldehyde interacts with glutathione peroxidase, converting the enzyme into a
      glutathione oxidase.

PMID- 4015661
TI  - Effect of esterastin, an acid lipase inhibitor, on the free and esterified
      cholesterol contents of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells treated with LDL and
      cholesterol ester liquid crystals.
AB  - The effects of esterastin, an acid lipase inhibitor, on the free and esterified
      cholesterol contents of cultured smooth muscle cells from pig aorta were
      examined. The post-nuclear supernatant fraction of the cell homogenate showed
      maximum acid cholesterol esterase activity at pH 4.5, and 50% of this activity
      was inhibited by 0.31 microM esterastin. During a 48 h incubation with
      esterastin, the esterified cholesterol content of the cells increased to about 13
      times that of control cells in the presence of low density lipoprotein and to 7
      times that of control cells in the presence of cholesterol oleate liquid
      crystals. The ratio of esterified to free cholesterol also increased to about 5
      times the control value in both conditions.

PMID- 4015662
TI  - Cytolytic activity of cytotoxin isolated from Indian cobra venom against
      experimental tumor cells.
AB  - Cytolytic activity of cytotoxin isolated from the venom of the Indian cobra (Naja
      naja) on experimental tumor cells was far stronger than that on normal cells such
      as peritoneal exudate cells, spleen cells, and erythrocytes of the rat. The
      effect on Yoshida sarcoma cells was temperature-dependent, being stronger at 37
      degrees C than at 0 degrees C. Intramolecular disulfide linkages and free amino
      groups in the cytotoxin molecule were shown to be essential for the lytic action
      on the cell membrane. Yoshida sarcoma cells treated with 0.1 mM N-ethylmaleimide
      reduced the cytolytic action of the toxin. Antitumor activity of the cytotoxin
      toward a Yoshida sarcoma inoculated intraperitoneally into a rat was not
      observed.

PMID- 4015663
TI  - Partial purification of the receptor protein essential for import of pre
      ornithine aminotransferase into mitochondria.
AB  - The isolated mitochondrial outer membrane fraction strongly inhibits the import
      of pre-ornithine aminotransferase, but other membranes such as rough microsomes
      did not. This inhibition seems to be caused by a receptor in the isolated outer
      membrane which binds competitively pre-ornithine aminotransferase. The
      mitochondrial outer membrane could be solubilized using detergent. And a receptor
      for pre-ornithine aminotransferase was partially purified by ammonium sulfate
      fractionation followed by column chromatography on Sephacryl S-300. Liposomes
      reconstituted from the partially purified receptor and lecithin could inhibit the
      import of pre-ornithine aminotransferase into mitochondria and bind the
      precursor.

PMID- 4015664
TI  - Effect of intratracheally instilled benzo(a)pyrene on the pulmonary and hepatic
      drug-metabolizing enzymes in normal and vitamin A deficient rats.
AB  - The effect of intratracheal instillation of different doses of benzo(a)pyrene
      (0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg) on the drug metabolizing enzymes of lung and liver was
      analysed in rats fed diet with or without vitamin A for 5-6 weeks. Benzo(a)pyrene
      exposure at 2.0 mg dose only elevated the level of cytochrome P-450 and b5, and
      activity of benzopyrene hydroxylase in liver, and extent of increase was similar
      in normal and vitamin A deficient groups. Contrary to this, pulmonary contents of
      cytochrome P-450 and b5, and benzopyrene hydroxylase activity increased over
      control values in both the groups even at lower doses of benzo(a)pyrene.
      Moreover, their values were higher in vitamin A deficient-treated groups compared
      to normal-treated controls. Increase in these parameters was greater in lung as
      compared to increase in liver. NADPH cytochrome C-reductase in lung and liver was
      not affected either by inducing vitamin A deficiency or exposing these rats
      further to benzo(a)pyrene. Uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyl-transferase (UDP-GT)
      activity in normal and vitamin A deficient groups was enhanced following exposure
      to benzo(a)pyrene both in lung and liver. However, activity of this enzyme
      remained impaired in vitamin A deficient groups, benzo(a)pyrene exposed or not
      exposed when compared to respective normal controls. Glutathione S-transferase
      activity remained unchanged following exposure to benzo(a)pyrene both in lung and
      liver. The apparent increase in hepatic glutathione S-transferase and decrease in
      pulmonary glutathione S-transferase activity in vitamin A deficiency was only due
      to vitamin A deficient status of rats with no further effect of benzo(a)pyrene.

PMID- 4015665
TI  - Preparation and characterization of antibodies with specificity for the amino
      terminal tetrapeptide sequence of the platelet-derived connective tissue
      activating peptide-III.
AB  - Antisera selectively reactive with the N-terminal tetrapeptide sequence of the
      platelet-derived connective tissue activating peptide-III mitogen were prepared
      and characterized. Solid phase synthesized Z-Asn-Leu-Ala-Lys(Z)-OH tetrapeptide
      representing the N-terminus of the mitogen was used as an immunogen after
      carbodiimide mediated coupling to methylated bovine serum albumin carrier and
      subsequent removal of Z groups. Anti-tetrapeptide sera demonstrated cross
      reactivity to the mitogen but not beta-thromboglobulin, fibroblast growth factor,
      or epidermal growth factor, and a limited cross-reactivity to parathyroid
      hormone. The studies indicate that the N-terminal sequence of the mitogen is
      accessible for binding with antibody and the antitetrapeptide sera provide a
      reagent for the selective measurement of biologically active mitogen in the
      presence of structurally similar beta-thrombo-globulin. In addition, computer
      analysis of amino acid sequences revealed that few proteins contain the Asn-Leu
      Ala-Lys sequence and of those that do, many are retroviral proteins or
      transforming polyproteins.

PMID- 4015666
TI  - Differential lipid peroxidative response of rat liver and lung tissues to
      glutathione depletion induced in vivo by diethyl maleate: effect of the
      antioxidant flavonoid (+)-cyanidanol-3.
AB  - The administration of a single dose of diethyl maleate (DEM) to fed rats elicited
      a drastic decrease in the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) both in liver and
      lung tissues after 6 h of treatment. Cellular GSH depletion induced by DEM was
      accompanied by a marked increase in pulmonary lipid peroxidation which was
      completely abolished by (+)-cyanidanol-3, without changes in the liver.
      Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity remained unchanged in both tissues in this
      situation. Hepatic and pulmonary GSH depletion induced by a second dose of DEM
      given 24 h later produced a further increase in lung lipid peroxidation and a
      diminution of pulmonary SOD activity. In this condition, hepatic lipid
      peroxidation and SOD activity were not altered. These results indicate that lung
      and liver tissues exhibit a different lipid peroxidative response to chemically
      induced GSH depletion.

PMID- 4015667
TI  - The velocity of the reaction between ornithine decarboxylase and antizyme highly
      depends on the presence of salt and temperature.
AB  - Antizyme reversibly inhibits ornithine decarboxylase activity by direct binding
      to the enzyme. The velocity of the reaction between ornithine decarboxylase and
      antizyme was markedly accelerated as the concentration of sodium chloride in the
      medium was increased and as the temperature of incubation was lowered. The
      equilibrium constant (binding constant) of the reaction between ornithine
      decarboxylase and antizyme was a little increased by decreasing salt
      concentrations in the medium and by decreasing the temperature of incubation.

PMID- 4015668
TI  - Evidence for the existence of a sulfhydryl group in the adenylate cyclase active
      site.
AB  - 6-Cloro-9-beta-d-ribofuranosylpurine 5'-triphosphate (CIRTP) and 6-mercapto-9
      beta-d-ribofuranosylpurine 5'-triphosphate (SRTP) irreversibly inhibit adenylate
      cyclase from rat brain. Adenosine 5'-[beta, gamma -imido] triphosphate protects
      the enzyme against inactivation by CIRTP and SRTP and acts as a competitive
      inhibitor with respect to ATP with the Ki value 2 X 10(-4) M. Study of the pH
      dependence of the rate of the enzyme inactivation by CIRTP showed that pK for the
      group modified by this compound is equal to 7.45. Inactivation is first order
      with respect to the enzyme; the saturation effect is observed at the increased
      concentration of CIRTP. The k2 and KI values for irreversible inhibition of brain
      adenylate cyclase by CIRTP were 0.25 min-1 and 1.9 X 10(-4) M, respectively.
      Adenylate cyclase inhibition by SRTP is also time-dependent. Partial protection
      against the enzyme inactivation was observed. Dithiothreitol restores the
      activity of SRTP-inactivated adenylate cyclase. The results obtained indicate the
      presence of an -SH group in the purine amino group binding area of the enzyme
      active site.

PMID- 4015669
TI  - The effect of thiamine pyrophosphate modification on its coenzyme function in a
      transketolase-catalyzed reaction.
AB  - The coenzyme function of TPP analogues: 4'-NH-methyl-TPP,6'-methyl-TPP and 6'
      methyl-4-nor-TPP has been studied in a transketolase-catalyzed reaction. Their
      dissociation constants have been found with the aid of the circular dichroism
      method, and coenzyme activity has been determined in a complete transketolase
      reaction, involving the substrate-donor and the substrate-acceptor, and also at
      the intermediate stage (by the alpha-carbanionic intermediate oxidation rate).
      The coenzyme activity values have been found different and largely dependend on
      the nature of the substrates used. A possibility of TPP functioning by the "two
      center mechanism" in a transketolase-catalyzed reaction is discussed.

PMID- 4015670
TI  - Changes in the triacylglycerol content of mitochondrial membranes during
      development.
AB  - The lipid content of mitochondria and mitochondrial membranes isolated from
      foetal, suckling, and adult rat liver mitochondria were compared. In foetal liver
      mitochondria triacylglycerol made up 26% of the lipids, while in adult rat liver
      mitochondria the triacylglycerol content was 7%. Esterified fatty acids
      originating from non-phospholipid sources amounted to 34% in mitochondrial
      membranes, and this amount decreased in mitochondrial membranes of adult rat
      liver to 22%. The concentration of phospholipids in the mitochondrial membranes
      did not change significantly during development.

PMID- 4015671
TI  - Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by alpha-tocopherolquinone and alpha
      tocopherolhydroquinone.
AB  - The antioxidant effect of alpha-tocopherolquinone and alpha
      tocopherolhydroquinone was studied in liposomes and rat liver submitochondrial
      particles. Both alpha-tocopherolquinone and alpha-tocopherolhydroquinone inhibit
      lipid peroxidation induced by ascorbate/Fe2+ in liposomes and by cumene
      hydroperoxide in submitochondrial particles. Alpha-tocopherolhydroquinone is much
      more effective than alpha-tocopherolquinone in inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
      Submitochondrial particles, depleted of ubiquinones and reincorporated with alpha
      tocopherolquinone, are protected from lipid peroxidation only in the presence of
      succinate. Alpha-tocopherolquinone cannot replace endogenous ubiquinones in the
      respiratory chain function, nevertheless it can be reduced by the mitochondrial
      respiratory chain substrates, presumably through the reduced ubiquinones.

PMID- 4015672
TI  - Effects of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone on intestinal digestive and
      absorptive functions in ovariectomized rats.
AB  - The effects of low and high doses of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone for 2
      weeks on intestinal digestive and absorptive functions have been investigated in
      ovariectomized rats. The uptake of glucose was significantly enhanced following
      ovariectomy and administration of hormones restored the level of glucose uptake
      to that observed in sham-operated animals. Neither, the uptake of L-leucine nor
      calcium was affected after ovariectomy and treatment with the hormones. The
      activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) of ileum was significantly elevated with
      the low and high doses of 17 beta-estradiol but in jejunum only at high doses.
      Progesterone alone did not alter AP activity but the combination of this hormone
      and 17 beta-estradiol significantly enhanced the jejunal and ileal AP activities.
      It seems that activity of AP is mainly under the control of 17 beta-estradiol.
      The activity of ileal disaccharidases and leucine aminopeptidase were enhanced at
      high doses of 17 beta-estradiol alone or in combination with progesterone whereas
      in the jejunum only AP activity was increased significantly. The present study
      indicates that 17 beta-estradiol plays an important role in regulating the
      activities of intestinal digestive enzymes and it is the ileal enzymes which are
      more prone to its action.

PMID- 4015673
TI  - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance assignments of thyroid hormone and its
      analogues.
AB  - 1H NMR data of a series of thyroid hormone analogues, e.g., thyroxine (T4),
      3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,3'
      diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2), 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), 3',5'-diiodothyronine
      (3',5'-T2), 3-monoidothyronine (3-T1), 3'-monoiodothyronine (3'-T1), and
      thyronine (TO) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) have been obtained on a 300 MHz
      spectrometer. The chemical shift and coupling constant are determined and
      tabulated for each aromatic proton. The inner tyrosyl ring protons in T4, T3, and
      3,5-T2 have downfield chemical shifts with respect to those of the outer phenolic
      ring protons. Four-bond cross-ring coupling has been observed in all the
      monoiodinated rings. However, this long-range coupling does not exist in T4,
      diiodinated on both rings, and T0, containing no iodines on the rings. There is
      no evidence that at 30 degrees C these iodothyronines have any motional
      constraint in DMSO solution. In addition to identification of the hormones, the
      potential use of some characteristic peaks as probes in binding studies is
      discussed.

PMID- 4015674
TI  - Specific in vitro and in vivo binding of 3H-raclopride. A potent substituted
      benzamide drug with high affinity for dopamine D-2 receptors in the rat brain.
AB  - The substituted benzamide drug raclopride, [((-)-(S)-3,5-dichloro-N-((1-ethyl-2
      pyrrolidinyl) methyl)-6-methoxy-salicylamide tartrate; FLA 870(-); A40664] was
      shown to be a potent and selective antagonist of dopamine D-2 receptors by its
      high affinity for striatal 3H-spiperone binding sites and low potency to block
      dopamine stimulated adenylate cyclase in vitro. In vitro studies showed that 3H
      raclopride binds with a high affinity (KD = 1.2 nM) and a low proportion of non
      specific binding to rat striatal homogenates. The binding of 3H-raclopride is
      saturable (Bmax = 23.5 pmoles/g wet wt) and reversible (dissociation half-time =
      30 min) with a regional distribution of the specifically bound drug showing the
      following rank-order: striatum greater than nucleus accumbens greater than
      olfactory tubercle greater than septum greater than hypothalamus greater than
      hippocampus greater than frontal cortex. After in vivo administration, 3H
      raclopride accumulates preferentially in dopamine rich brain areas with
      approximately 10 times higher levels in the striatum than in the cerebellum, when
      examined 30 min after injection. The in vivo binding of 3H-raclopride was
      saturable, reversible and showed a low component of non-specific binding. More
      than 90% of the drug reached the brain in a non-metabolized form as judged by
      thin-layer chromatography. Pharmacological analysis of 3H-raclopride binding
      showed that it could be displaced by dopamine agonists and antagonists but not by
      serotoninergic or noradrenergic drugs. Taken together, the results suggest that
      3H-raclopride labels dopamine D-2 receptors with high specificity in the rat
      brain both in vitro and in vivo, and thus, that it should be a useful tool in
      studies of central dopamine D-2 receptors.

PMID- 4015675
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 dependent metabolic activation of 1-naphthol to naphthoquinones
      and covalent binding species.
AB  - 1-Naphthol was metabolised by a fully reconstituted cytochrome P-450 system in
      the presence of NADPH to methanol-soluble and covalently bound products. The
      formation of 1,4-naphthoquinone, the major methanol-soluble product at early time
      points, showed an almost total dependence on cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome P
      450 reductase and NADPH, and to a lesser extent on dilauroylphosphatidylcholine.
      The metabolism was rapid and detectable levels of 1,4-naphthoquinone were formed
      within 30 sec. 1,4-Naphthoquinone formation was dependent on the concentration of
      both cytochrome P-450 (0.05-0.04 microM) and 1-naphthol (5-50 microM). Whereas
      1,4-naphthoquinone was the major product observed at early time points,
      additional products were observed after prolonged incubation. In the absence of
      NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, 1-naphthol was metabolised, in a
      cumene hydroperoxide- and cytochrome P-450-dependent reaction, to 1,2- and 1,4
      naphthoquinone and covalently bound products. Glutathione and ethylenediamine
      inhibited both the NADPH- and cumene hydroperoxide-dependent formation of
      covalently bound products. These data show that cytochrome P-450 catalyses the
      activation of 1-naphthol to naphthoquinone metabolites and covalently bound
      species, the latter most likely being derived from naphthoquinones.

PMID- 4015676
TI  - Cytochrome P-450-dependent nicotine oxidation by liver microsomes of guinea pigs.
      Immunochemical evidence with antibody against phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome
      P-450.
AB  - When guinea pigs were treated with phenobarbital (PB), the specific activity of
      liver microsomal nicotine oxidase increased by 42%. PB-inducible cytochrome P-450
      (PB-P-450) was purified to homogeneity from liver microsomes of PB-treated guinea
      pigs. Purified PB-P-450 catalyzed nicotine oxidation when reconstituted with
      NADPH-P-450 reductase and phospholipid system. Antibody prepared against the
      purified PB-P-450 formed single precipitation lines with both purified PB-P-450
      and microsomal components in livers of PB-treated guinea pigs, and both
      precipitation lines fused. The antibody against PB-P-450 strongly inhibited
      nicotine oxidation in the reconstituted system. The antibody also inhibited liver
      microsomal nicotine oxidase activities in PB-treated and untreated guinea pigs by
      about 30% and less than 5% respectively. About 45% of total P-450 in liver
      microsomes of PB-treated guinea pigs was precipitated by the antibody. These
      results show that PB-P-450 participates in liver microsomal nicotine oxidation in
      PB-treated guinea pigs but not in untreated control animals.

PMID- 4015677
TI  - Selenium and drug metabolism--III. Relation of glutathione-peroxidase and other
      hepatic enzyme modulations to dietary supplements.
AB  - Male mice were fed a torula yeast-based diet containing different amounts of
      added selenium for a period of 4 months. Liver glutathione peroxidase activity
      assayed with H2O2 showed a logarithmic dependence on dietary selenium with a
      saturation plateau above 2 ppm Se and an extrapolated zero of 0.02 ppm Se. In
      contrast, liver selenium content and GSH-Peroxidase activity showed a linear
      correlation. Glutathione peroxidase activity became undetectable at a liver Se
      content of about 90 ng Se/g liver wet wt. Thus, about 10% of liver selenium is
      not related to GSH-Px activity. Five dietary groups were supplemented,
      respectively, with 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5.0 and 10 ppm Se in the form of Na2SeO3. Some
      changes in drug metabolism enzymes were observed with the high Se diets. An
      increase occurred in Non-Se-GSH activity as well as in ethacrynic acid-assayed
      GSH transferase, these are interpreted as early signs of Se toxicity. The diet
      containing 0.01 ppm Se with no supplementary Se produced the multiple hepatic
      enzyme modulations which were previously reported. The animals raised on this
      very low Se diet had normal hepatic contents of glutathione, alpha-tocopherol,
      calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese compared to controls
      supplemented with 0.5 ppm Se. However, significant changes in the microsomal
      fatty acid pattern were observed while the total phospholipid content as well as
      membrane fluidity showed no differences between the two dietary groups.

PMID- 4015678
TI  - Relationship between stimulated inositol lipid hydrolysis and contractility in
      guinea-pig visceral longitudinal smooth muscle.
AB  - Carbamylcholine caused a marked, concentration-dependent stimulation of [3H]Ins
      P, [3H] InsP2 and to a lesser extent [3H]InsP3 production in guinea-pig
      longitudinal smooth muscle prelabelled with myo-[3H]inositol. Accumulation of
      these three inositol phosphates showed differential sensitivity to LiCl. Muscle
      contraction was apparent at lower concentrations of carbamylcholine. Both
      responses were mediated via muscarinic-type receptors. An association of inositol
      phosphate production and contractility was also observed in response to substance
      P, histamine and noradrenaline, the latter via an alpha-adrenergic mechanism. The
      Ca2+-channel agonist CGP 28392 failed to stimulate inositol phosphate production
      despite inducing a contractile response. Carbamylcholine -induced inositol
      phosphate production persisted in the presence of D600 or Mn2+ despite loss of
      contractile activity. However, both responses showed a similar, marked dependence
      on the presence of Ca2+ in the extracellular medium. Mn2+ could restore basal and
      stimulated inositol phosphate production in low Ca2+ solutions but could not
      substitute for Ca2+ in restoring contractility. The results suggest that
      stimulated inositol lipid hydrolysis in longitudinal smooth muscle does not
      result from Ca2+ entry into the tissue, although the response does depend on the
      concentration of divalent cations in the extracellular medium. This dependency
      may be related to the maintenance of membrane potential and possibly phospholipid
      conformation.

PMID- 4015679
TI  - Biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation of 1-nitropyrene metabolites in
      Fischer-344 rats.
AB  - 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), present in diesel engine emissions, is a potent mutagen to
      bacteria, such as those found in mammalian intestinal tract, which contain
      nitroreductase enzymes. The purposes of this study were to determine the
      importance of bile as a route of excretion of 1-NP metabolites and to determine
      if reabsorption of biliary metabolites required the presence of intestinal
      bacteria. The bile ducts of male Fischer-344 rats were cannulated, 0.3 or 1.2
      mumoles [3H]1-NP was given i.v., and bile, urine, and feces were collected for 24
      hr. Biliary excretion accounted for 70 (80%) or 170 (60%) nmoles of [3H]1-NP
      after the low and high dose, respectively, with half-times for excretion of 1.7
      hr +/- 0.3 (+/- S.E.M.) and 3.4 hr +/- 1.6 (+/- S.E.M.). Excretion of [3H]1-NP
      equivalents in the urine was linearly related to dose, with 6 or 16 nmoles (8%)
      excreted in 24 hr. At the low dose, more radioactivity appeared in the urine in
      control rats compared to bile-duct cannulated rats, suggesting that reabsorption
      of 1-NP metabolites occurred. Pretreatment of rats with orally administered
      antibiotics prior to i.v. injection of 0.3 mumole [3H]1-NP decreased
      radioactivity excreted in urine compared to untreated controls, suggesting that
      intestinal microorganisms may alter the biliary metabolites of 1-NP to facilitate
      reabsorption. Pretreatment of rats with buthionine sulfoximine, a glutathione
      depletor, decreased the excretion of certain biliary metabolites, suggesting that
      they were mercapturic acids of 1-NP metabolites. In summary, the results of these
      studies indicate that bile was an important route of excretion of nitropyrene
      metabolites. A portion of the excreted metabolites was reabsorbed from the gut,
      and this reabsorption required the presence of gut microorganisms.

PMID- 4015680
TI  - Inhibitory effect of chlorpromazine on bone formation in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 4015681
TI  - Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by the mast-cell-degranulating agent
      compound 48/80 but not by the mast-cell-degranulating peptide (peptide-401) from
      bee venom.

PMID- 4015682
TI  - Interaction of cimetidine and ranitidine with the FAD monooxygenase in pig liver
      microsomes.

PMID- 4015683
TI  - Natural occurrence of trans-gamma hydroxycrotonic acid in rat brain.

PMID- 4015684
TI  - The concentration of cytochrome P-450 in human hepatocyte culture.

PMID- 4015685
TI  - Uses of molecular volume in biochemical pharmacology.

PMID- 4015686
TI  - Aromatic amino acid metabolites as potential protein binding inhibitors in human
      uremic plasma.
AB  - Decreased binding of aromatic acidic drugs and endogenous metabolites to plasma
      proteins of patients with severe renal failure appears to be due to accumulation
      of unknown solutes. Both the warfarin and indole binding sites of albumin, the
      principal binding protein for these ligands, are affected. We used a large number
      of endogenous aromatic acids and synthetic congeners as displacers (a) better to
      characterize the chemical requirements for binding to each site and (b) to derive
      clues to the chemical structure of the undefined binding inhibitors in uremic
      plasma. 14C-tryptophan, 14C-warfarin and 14C-salicylate were used as bound
      ligands. Numerous indoles, quinolines and phenyl derivatives were moderate to
      strong displacers with several structural correlates. Increasing apolar side
      chain length enhanced displacing potency. A hydroxyl group at the 5 position of
      indoles and at the para position of phenyl derivatives severely reduced activity.
      The two ends of amphophilic molecules showed opposite requirements for
      displacement of tryptophan: the greater the polarity at the hydrophilic end, the
      greater the tryptophan displacing potency. Conversely, the greater the total
      hydrophobic mass of the remainder of the molecule, the more potent the inhibition
      of binding. The dipeptides l-tryptophyl-l-tryptophan and l-tryptophyl-l
      phenylalanine were potent displacers. Computer-assisted analysis of warfarin
      binding in the presence of xanthurenic acid revealed inhibition by a mechanism
      other than simple competition, probably via a third albumin binding locus. We
      conclude that decreased binding in uremic plasma is most likely the summation
      effect of a number of retained aromatic acids, peptides, or both types of
      ligands.

PMID- 4015687
TI  - Measurement of the association of cholephylic organic anions with different
      binding proteins.
AB  - The binding of the colored cholephylic anions tetrabromosulfonphthalein (BSP), di
      bromosulfonphthalein (DBSP), indocyanine green (ICG) and thymol blue (ThB) to a
      number of protein preparations including bovine serum albumin, human serum, rat
      hepatic cytosol and purified rat liver bilitranslocase has been studied by a
      direct spectrophotometric method. The experimentation provides extinction
      coefficients, dissociation constants and number of binding sites for the
      different complexes between dyes and the various proteins. Data obtained by this
      technique were in excellent agreement with those obtained on the same samples by
      ultrafiltration. The data presented indicate that the direct spectrophotometry
      applied to these dyes is simple, rapid and reproducible, making this the approach
      of choice during the purification of binding proteins when the binding capacity
      is the only useful criterion to follow the progress of the procedure.

PMID- 4015688
TI  - Dependence of dopamine receptor conversion from agonist high- to low-affinity
      state on temperature and sodium ions.
AB  - Previous workers found that the anterior pituitary dopamine receptors were
      inconsistent in converting from their high-affinity state (D2 high) into their
      low-affinity state (D2 low) for dopamine. We tested, therefore, whether
      temperature or sodium ion concentration could be factors accounting for such
      inconsistencies. We found that the proportion of sites which converted depended
      on the temperature of incubation. No conversion occurred at 4 degrees, despite
      the presence of guanine nucleotide and sodium ions. At room temperature (20
      degrees) guanine nucleotide consistently induced complete conversion in the
      presence of sodium ions, but gave inconsistent conversion in the absence of
      sodium ions. At body temperature (37 degrees) guanine nucleotide consistently
      resulted in complete conversion without requiring sodium ions.

PMID- 4015689
TI  - Induction of cytochrome P-450 by phenobarbital is mediated at the level of
      transcription.
AB  - We have previously shown that the 43-fold induction by phenobarbital of the major
      phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 of rat liver microsomal membranes (PB P
      450) is mediated by a 20-fold increase in the amount of its mRNA in the
      cytoplasm. Here we demonstrate that the induction of the mRNA can be almost
      entirely accounted for by an increase in the rate of transcription of genes
      coding for PB P-450, and involves little or no change in the rates of processing,
      transport or degradation of the mRNA. Phenobarbital treatment resulted in no
      amplification or rearrangement of PB P-450 genes.

PMID- 4015690
TI  - Inhibition of desmethylimipramine 2-hydroxylation by drugs in human liver
      microsomes.
AB  - The 2-hydroxylation of desmethylimipramine (DMI) correlates strongly with the 4
      hydroxylation of debrisoquine (D) both in human volunteers and in vitro comparing
      human liver microsomes from different individuals. D competitively inhibits the 2
      hydroxylation of DMI in vitro suggesting that DMI is hydroxylated by the
      'debrisoquine hydroxylase' which is under monogenic control in man. We have
      characterized the effect of drugs on the hydroxylation of DMI in human liver
      microsomes by measuring the formation of 2-OH-DMI with HPLC using fluorescence
      detection. Amitriptyline, nortriptyline and metoprolol inhibited the
      hydroxylation of DMI competitively indicating interaction with the catalytical
      site for DMI 2-hydroxylation. Antipyrine and amylobarbitone at concentrations
      similar to their Km-values for metabolism did not inhibit DMI-hydroxylation.
      Thus, for these compounds there was a good correspondence between the drugs'
      capacity to inhibit DMI 2-hydroxylation competitively in vitro and their apparent
      metabolism by the 'debrisoquine hydroxylase' in vivo in man. Thioridazine,
      chlorpromazine, quinidine and quinine also inhibited DMI-hydroxylation
      competitively. Thioridazine was an unusually potent inhibitor (apparent
      inhibition constant Ki = 0.75 microM). Quinidine was also an unusually potent
      inhibitor (Ki = 0.27 microM) and much more efficient than its isomer quinine (Ki
      = 12 microM). Theophylline could inhibit DMI hydroxylation but with atypical
      kinetics. We suggest that this simple DMI in vitro test as well as earlier
      described inhibition tests with debrisoquine, sparteine and bufuralol can be used
      to screen if drugs interact with the 'debrisoquine hydroxylase' in human liver.

PMID- 4015691
TI  - Interactions of cadmium with interstitial tissue of the rat testes. Uptake of
      cadmium by isolated interstitial cells.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the administration of cadmium causes extensive
      necrosis of the testes and, eventually, a high incidence of interstitial cell
      tumors. However, the interactions of cadmium with interstitial cells of the
      testes have not been well defined. Therefore, this study was designed to assess
      the uptake of cadmium into this potential target cell of cadmium carcinogenesis.
      Interstitial cells were prepared by collagenase dispersion of decapsulated Wistar
      rat testes and separated from seminiferous tubules by unit gravity sedimentation.
      Such preparations showed a high exclusion rate of trypan blue. The interstitial
      cell preparations were incubated at 33 degrees with various concentrations of
      cadmium (1.0 to 100 microM) for periods ranging from 0.5 to 60 min. At the end of
      the incubation, cellular cadmium was separated from cadmium in the media by
      centrifugation through an oil layer. Initial experiments showed three distinct
      phases of cadmium influx into interstitial cells, a primary rapid velocity phase
      (V0; 0 to 1.5 min), a second intermediate velocity phase (V1; 3 to 12 min), and a
      third low velocity phase (V2; 15 to 60 min). V2 appeared to have both influx and
      efflux components, as efflux experiments indicated an approximate 20% loss of
      cadmium from 15 to 60 min. The initial phase was found to be nonsaturable and was
      not decreased by inclusion of potassium cyanide (1.0 mM), N-ethylmaleimide (1.0
      mM), or zinc (100 microM) in the incubation mixture. However, V1 was found to be
      saturable between 50 and 100 microM cadmium and was substantially decreased by
      the inclusion of potassium cyanide, N-ethylmaleimide or zinc during incubation.
      These data suggest that cadmium is taken up into interstitial cells by a
      transport system that may normally function in zinc uptake and may possibly
      constitute carrier mediated or active transport.

PMID- 4015692
TI  - Collagen synthesis and degradation in acutely damaged mouse lung tissue following
      treatment with prednisolone.
AB  - Corticosteroids are widely used to treat patients with acute lung damage. Recent
      work has shown that the administration of 30 mg/kg prednisolone to mice, twice
      daily on days 1-5 after the induction of lung damage with butylated
      hydroxytoluene (BHT), results in the development of a more severe fibrotic lesion
      [J.P. Kehrer, A.J.P. Klein-Szanto, E. M. B. Sorensen, R. Pearlman and M. H.
      Rosner, Am. Rev. resp. Dis. 130, 256 (1984)]. In the present study, the rate of
      collagen synthesis in lung tissue from BHT-saline-treated mice was greater than
      that in lung tissue from oil-treated controls at all days examined. During
      prednisolone treatment, the rate of pulmonary collagen synthesis was
      significantly less in tissue from BHT-prednisolone-treated mice compared to BHT
      saline controls. Two days after steroid treatment was stopped (day 7 after BHT),
      there was a significant increase in the rate of collagen synthesis in lung tissue
      from BHT-prednisolone-treated mice compared to tissue from both BHT- and oil
      treated controls. This increase reached a maximum on day 11 and persisted to day
      14 after BHT. The rate of pulmonary non-collagen protein synthesis was
      inconsistently increased in response to treatments with BHT and/or prednisolone.
      There was, therefore, a relatively greater increase in the synthesis of collagen.
      The percentage of total protein synthesis committed to collagen increased from 2%
      in oil-treated controls to 5% on day 7 after BHT alone and reached a maximum of
      7.1% on day 11 in lung tissue from BHT-prednisolone-treated mice. The percentage
      of newly synthesized collagen that was degraded in lung tissue from BHT
      prednisolone-treated mice was significantly lower than BHT-saline on days 7 and
      11, and lower than oil-prednisolone on day 14. These results show that collagen
      synthesis was decreased in BHT-damaged mouse lung tissue during short-term, high
      dose steroid therapy. There was, however, an increase in collagen synthesis and a
      decrease in the degradation of newly synthesized collagen after steroid therapy
      was stopped. These changes in collagen metabolism may contribute to the steroid
      induced enhancement of fibrosis seen in BHT-treated mice.

PMID- 4015693
TI  - Extracellular pH, transmembrane distribution and cytotoxicity of chlorambucil.
AB  - The effects of extracellular pH (6.2 to 7.3) on uptake and cytotoxicity of the
      weak acid anti-tumor drug chlorambucil were investigated. Decreasing
      extracellular pH from 7.3 to 6.5 had a negligible effect on the intracellular pH
      of Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts, thus resulting in the formation of a
      transmembrane pH gradient (intracellular alkaline). Addition of high
      concentrations of acetate or bicarbonate partially collapsed the pH gradient.
      Chlorambucil (pKa = 5.8) behaved as a weak acid with enhanced accumulation and
      cytotoxicity at extracellular pH less than 7.0. As predicted for a weak acid,
      partial collapse of the transmembrane pH gradient decreased both uptake and cell
      killing. Since the interstitial pH of micrometastases and solid tumors of many
      cancers is low relative to normal tissues, these results have potential
      implications for both in vitro drug testing and in vivo therapy.

PMID- 4015694
TI  - Cyclopentenyl cytidine analogue. An inhibitor of cytidine triphosphate synthesis
      in human colon carcinoma cells.
AB  - The mechanism of action of the cyclopentenyl analogue of cytidine, cCyd, was
      investigated in human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29. Upon exposure of cells to
      10(-6)M cCyd, cell viability was reduced to 20% of control, whereas cytocidal
      activity was not present after 2 hr of drug exposure. Cell lethality was
      partially reversible by Urd, Cyd or dCyd at 10(-6)M cCyd, and fully reversible by
      these nucleosides at 2.5 X 10(-7)M cCyd. The incorporation of [14C]dThd and
      [3H]Urd into DNA and RNA was inhibited by 50% by exposure for 2 hr to 2.5 X 10(
      7) and 1.5 X 10(-6)M cCyd respectively. Upon 24 hr of drug exposure, the IC50 for
      RNA synthesis was reduced 2.5-fold, whereas DNA synthesis was almost totally
      inhibited. cCyd produced a rapid and preferential reduction of CTP synthesis with
      a half-life of 1 hr at 10(-6)M drug. The IC50 of cCyd for reducing CTP
      concentrations after 2 hr of drug exposure was 4 X 10(-7)M. Concomitant with the
      reduction of CTP levels was the inhibition of transcription of rRNA and, to a
      lesser extent, tRNA, without changes in the processing nucleolar RNA. No changes
      in the size of DNA were produced following treatment with cCyd. These results
      indicate that cCyd is a potent and rapid inhibitor of CTP synthesis and that this
      effect correlates with its cytocidal activity.

PMID- 4015695
TI  - Inhibition of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism by the calcium channel blockers
      diltiazem and verapamil.
AB  - Diltiazem and verapamil were found to be inhibitors of the cytochrome P-450
      dependent biotransformation of drugs. Diltiazem and verapamil competitively
      inhibited the N-demethylation of aminopyrine in hepatic microsomes with Ki values
      of 100 and 140 microM respectively. Both diltiazem and verapamil were N
      demethylated themselves by hepatic microsomes with Km values of 62 and 145 microM
      respectively. Both drugs also interacted directly with cytochrome P-450 as
      measured by difference spectra. Diltiazem caused a type I spectral change and
      verapamil caused a reverse type I spectral change. No metabolic intermediate
      complexes could be demonstrated for either drug. Inhibition also occurred in vivo
      as both drugs could prolong pentobarbital-induced sleeping times in mice at doses
      comparable to those used in man. These results suggest that diltiazem and
      verapamil may have the potential to cause drug interactions involving inhibition
      of drug biotransformation.

PMID- 4015696
TI  - New method to detect drug-binding protein in muscle using a fluorescence probe.

PMID- 4015697
TI  - Effect of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine and hydroxyurea on the repair of X
      ray-induced DNA single-strand breaks in human leukemic blasts.

PMID- 4015698
TI  - Distinctive responses of heart muscle and non-muscle cells to oxygen and glucose
      deprivation as regards phospholipid fatty acids.

PMID- 4015699
TI  - Xenobiotic imprinting of hepatic metabolic enzyme systems: effect of neonatal 3
      methylcholanthrene administration.

PMID- 4015700
TI  - Factors influencing drug sulfate and glucuronic acid conjugation rates in
      isolated rat hepatocytes: significance of preincubation time.

PMID- 4015701
TI  - Lack of relationship between debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation and other cytochrome P
      450 dependent reactions in rat and human liver.
AB  - The effect of various inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome P-450 on the activity
      of microsomal debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation (DQH) was investigated in rat liver.
      DQH was strongly inhibited by SKF 525-A, 7,8-benzoflavone, and metyrapone.
      Pretreatment of animals with common inducers, such as phenobarbital, 3
      methylcholanthrene, the commercial PCB mixture, Clophen A-50, dexamethasone and
      pregenenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile did not lead to induction of DQH, while most
      reference reactions, i.e. aldrin epoxidation, ethylmorphine demethylation, and
      benzo(a)-pyrene hydroxylation were induced under these conditions. DQH likewise
      was not induced by pretreatment of animals with the enzyme substrate DQ. The
      relationship between DQH and other cytochrome P-450 functions was also studied in
      untreated animals. Both genders of Wistar rats exhibited similar rates of DQH,
      but different activities of the reference reactions. DQH activity in Wistar
      females however, was 10 times higher than in females of the DA-strain, whereas
      the reference activities were similar in both strains. The studies were also
      extended to human liver. DQH activity in homogenates of various biopsy samples
      was neither correlated to the activity of aldrin epoxidation nor to AHH activity.
      The results indicate that DQH in the rat and in man reflects the activity of a
      cytochrome P-450 species not related to various other known cytochrome P-450
      functions.

PMID- 4015702
TI  - Effect of tetracaine on membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase activity and
      anilinonaphthalene sulphonate-induced membrane fluorescence.
AB  - Tetracaine (25-300 microM) reversibly inhibits (in vitro) AChE activity of rat
      brain synaptosome (4.4-100%) and erythrocyte membrane (3.9-65.2%) in a
      concentration dependent manner. IC50 values of tetracaine for AChE of synaptosome
      and erythrocyte membrane are 88 and 200 microM respectively. At sub-inhibitory
      concentrations (less than or equal to 10 microM) tetracaine activates (8.7-23%)
      AChE of synaptosome but not of erythrocyte membrane. Lineweaver-Burk plots
      indicate that tetracaine-induced inhibition of AChE is competitive in nature and
      Ki value decreases on increasing the concentration (greater than 100 microM) of
      tetracaine in both synaptosome and erythrocyte membrane. Tetracaine (25-500
      microM) produces a concentration dependent increase in 1-anilino-8-naphthalene
      sulphonate (ANS)-induced relative fluorescence (F470) of both synaptosomal (6.5
      102%) and erythrocyte membrane (2.4-53.3%) without shifting their emission maxima
      (470 nm). Further it is also noted that the quantum yield of F470 of both the
      membranes increases with the increase of tetracaine concentrations (100-500
      microM). These results suggest that the interaction of tetracaine with both the
      enzyme and its lipid microenvironment may be the cause of inhibition of membrane
      bound AChE activity.

PMID- 4015703
TI  - The protective effects of taurine on hypoxia (performed in the absence of
      glucose) and on reoxygenation (in the presence of glucose) in guinea-pig heart.
AB  - In isolated guinea-pig heart submitted to hypoxia in the absence of substrate and
      subsequent reoxygenation 1-20 mM taurine decreases LDH release and ventricular
      arrhythmias, and the recovery of normal electrical and mechanical activity is
      increased. The taurine effect is dose-dependent, and is not mimicked by beta
      alanine. Moreover, taurine reduces the increase in calcium gain of reoxygenated
      heart.

PMID- 4015705
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of quinone antitumor agents.
AB  - The presence of a quinone group in the structure of a compound has been shown to
      produce cell kill and DNA strand breaks by a mechanism involving free radicals
      and active oxygen species. The ability of the compound to bind to DNA appeared to
      increase the DNA damage induced and the cytotoxic activity. A new series of model
      compounds has been used to investigate further the role of the quinone group in
      the mechanism of action of quinone antitumor agents.
      Bis(dimethylamino)benzoquinone, which contains a quinone group, produced
      significant cell kill of L5178Y lymphoblasts and induced concentration-dependent
      single-strand and double-strand breaks in the DNA of these cells. Benzoquinone
      dimustard, which possesses a quinone moiety and active alkylating groups, was
      approximately 2500 times more cycotoxic to L5178Y cells than was
      bis(dimethylamino)benzoquinone and was approximately 200-fold more active in
      inducing DNA double-strand breaks than was the quinone agent. Benzoquinone
      dimustard induced no apparent DNA single-strand breaks, but produced significant
      DNA cross-linking, a process which interferes with the assay for single-strand
      breaks. The cell kill produced by both quinone agents was inhibited by catalase,
      but not by superoxide dismutase. The cytotoxic activity of
      bis(dimethylamino)benzoquinone and two other quinone model compounds, hydrolyzed
      benzoquinone mustard and benzoquinone mustard, appeared to correlate with the
      induction of DNA strand breaks, while there appeared to be no correlation between
      cell kill and DNA double-strand breaks induced by benzoquinone dimustard.
      However, the cytotoxicity of benzoquinone dimustard appeared to be related to the
      cross-linking activity of this agent. These studies have provided additional
      evidence that the presence of a quinone group in the structure of a compound can
      result in significant cell kill by a mechanism that appears to involve active
      oxygen species. Quinone containing agents can induce DNA strand breaks, and this
      effect is enhanced when the agent is able to bind to DNA. The induction of DNA
      strand breaks appeared to correlate with cytotoxic activity for
      bis(dimethylamino)benzoquinone, hydrolyzed benzoquinone mustard and benzoquinone
      mustard, but not for benzoquinone dimustard, suggesting that the contribution of
      quinone-induced strand breaks to the overall cytotoxicity of an agent may vary
      considerably.

PMID- 4015704
TI  - Vitamin K epoxide reductase activity in the metabolism of epoxides.
AB  - The importance of vitamin K epoxide reductase for the metabolism of a range of
      structurally diverse epoxides has been investigated. Vitamin K1 epoxide is
      reduced by rat liver microsomes at a rate of 0.47 nmoles/g liver/min. The rate of
      menadione oxide reduction is not significantly higher than the non-enzymatic
      reduction rate. No measurable reduction of benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide,
      benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-oxide, phenanthrene 9,10-oxide, styrene 7,8-oxide, and
      dieldrin has been detected, nor could trichothecene T-2 toxin inhibit reduction
      of vitamin K1 epoxide. Thus, vitamin K epoxide reductase is very specific for
      vitamin K1 epoxide. Taking into account the range of structurally diverse
      epoxides investigated and the high specific activities of microsomal epoxide
      hydrolase and cytosolic glutathione transferase for these epoxides it may be
      concluded that vitamin K epoxide reductase, in all likelihood, generally does not
      significantly contribute to the control of epoxides metabolically formed from
      xenobiotics.

PMID- 4015706
TI  - In vitro pigment formation from tryptamine. Role of indole-3-acetaldehyde.
AB  - The metabolic significance of indole-3-acetaldehyde in the process of in vitro
      pigment formation from tryptamine in the presence of guinea-pig liver
      mitochondria was investigated. Among the four type selective MAO inhibitors used,
      pargyline and deprenyl appear to be more effective in inhibiting pigment
      formation from tryptamine than serotonin, while in the presence of clorgyline and
      Lilly 51641, pigment formation from serotonin was preferentially inhibited.
      Reducing agents like ascorbic acid, cysteine and glutathione were found to block
      pigment formation significantly. Also, a reduction of pigment formation was noted
      in the presence of NADH and ethanol but not in the presence of NAD. It was
      observed that the amount of indole-3-acetaldehyde produced enzymatically from
      tryptamine under the present experimental conditions is not sufficient to account
      for the total amount of pigment formed in the standard incubation mixture and the
      generation of nascent aldehyde has greater contribution in pigment formation than
      that supplemented to the system exogenously. It appears that indole-3
      acetaldehyde, tryptamine and MAO are associated with the process of pigment
      formation.

PMID- 4015707
TI  - A study into the effects of 2-acetylaminofluorene on hepatic monooxygenase
      activities in the chick embryo.
AB  - 2AAF is a potent inducer of cytochrome P-450 in the chick embryo liver. The
      induction has been characterized with respect to a range of monooxygenase
      activities and the regiospecificity of 2AAF hydroxylation. Similarities to the
      response elicited by both PB and 3MC were noted. 2AAF was rapidly deacetylated by
      hepatic microsomes prepared from control animals to 2AF, an inhibitor of
      monooxygenase activity. Metabolites generated in vivo and carried over in vitro
      might have therefore interfered with the subsequent kinetic analysis. In general
      terms induction of a unique cytochrome P-450 subform(s) could not be attributed
      to 2AAF in the chick embryo. The data is discussed with respect to the reported
      resistance of avian species to the hepatocarcinogenic effects of 2AAF. Two
      possibilities are highlighted, a diversion of 2AAF to ring hydroxylated
      metabolites and/or deacetylation of 2AAF. Both effects could reduce
      carcinogenicity by decreasing the concentration of proximate carcinogen and/or
      promoter(s).

PMID- 4015708
TI  - The effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide on rat striatal 3H spiperone binding.
AB  - In the rat striatum sulphated CCK8 has no significant effect on equilibrium
      binding of 3H-spiperone but has a considerable, although transient, effect under
      non-equilibrium conditions. Under non-equilibrium conditions (during the
      association phase of ligand binding) and at high ligand concentrations (1 nM),
      CCK8 displaces specific binding and at low ligand concentrations (0.1 nM) CCK8
      enhances specific binding. CCK8 has no effect on 3H-spiperone dissociation
      kinetics.

PMID- 4015709
TI  - Reduced hepatic uptake of propranolol in rats with acute renal failure.
AB  - The effect of acute renal failure (ARF) on the hepatic uptake and metabolism of
      propranolol was investigated in relation to the hepatic clearance of the drug.
      ARF was induced by the subcutaneous injection of uranyl nitrate to rats. The
      uptake rate of propranolol in the isolated perfused liver was determined by the
      multiple-indicator dilution method and was found to decrease from 43.6 +/- 2.0
      min-1 (mean +/- S.E.) in control to 29.4 +/- 1.7 min-1 in ARF (P less than
      0.001). The recovery fraction of propranolol in effluent venous blood increased
      about twofold in ARF compared to control (P less than 0.05). The metabolic
      activity for propranolol was examined using the hepatic microsomal fraction
      prepared from control and ARF rats. There was no significant difference in the
      kinetics of oxidative metabolism of propranolol between two groups. These results
      suggest that the previously reported decrease in the hepatic clearance of
      propranolol in ARF is due to decreased hepatic uptake of the drug from the blood
      into the liver cells.

PMID- 4015710
TI  - Effect of various amounts of selenium on the metabolism of mercuric chloride in
      mice.
AB  - Male ddY mice were given one injection of (1) mercury (mercuric chloride)
      simultaneously with various doses of selenium (sodium selenite), (2) mercury
      alone, or (3) various doses of selenium alone. The interaction between mercury
      and selenium in the liver and kidneys at 1, 5, 24, 120, and 240 hr after
      administration was investigated. The concentrations of mercury in the liver of
      mice receiving mercury and selenium simultaneously were higher than those after
      administration of mercury alone, while the concentrations of mercury in the
      kidney decreased markedly over a 1-120 hr period after administration, depending
      on the dose of selenium administered simultaneously with mercury. Clearly,
      selenium had a different effect on the accumulation of mercury in the liver and
      kidneys. Subcellular distribution studies revealed that mercury and selenium
      which were administered simultaneously were incorporated into the crude nuclear
      and mitochondrial fractions as stable complexes. The transport of these complexes
      to the kidneys seems to be limited. In addition, gel filtration of supernatant
      fractions of liver and kidney through a Sephadex G-75 column indicated that the
      proportion of mercury bound to metallothionein fraction decreased depending on
      the dose of selenium administered simultaneously with the mercury. This reduction
      was attributed to the decreased synthesis of mercury-thionein due to a reduction
      in the activity of Hg2+ which results from binding between mercury and selenium
      in the cells.

PMID- 4015711
TI  - Hepatic extraction of endogenous inhibitors of drug binding to serum protein in
      the pregnant rat.
AB  - Significant decreases in the serum protein binding of a fluorescent dye, 1
      anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS), and salicylic acid (SA) were observed in
      pregnant rats compared to that in nonpregnant (control) rats. A significant
      difference in the serum protein binding of ANS and SA between serum samples taken
      at the hepatic vein and portal vein or femoral artery was also observed in the
      pregnant rats, while such a sampling site difference in the serum protein binding
      was not observed in the control rats. In the pregnant rats the affinity of ANS
      binding to the primary binding site in the serum from the hepatic vein was
      approximately 70% higher than that in the case of serum from the portal vein. The
      hepatic extraction of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) was also determined, and
      the extraction ratios in the control and pregnant rats were 0.55 and 0.31
      respectively. We concluded from these findings and other evidence that certain
      endogenous inhibitors of drug binding to serum protein (such as NEFA), which
      increase during pregnancy, were extracted efficiently by the liver and that the
      difference in the serum protein binding of ANS and SA between serum samples taken
      at the hepatic and portal veins or femoral artery in the pregnant rats may be
      explained by the hepatic extraction of endogenous inhibitors. Our present results
      support the previous finding by Chou et. al. [Int. J. Pharm. 18, 217 (1984)] that
      in pregnant rats the serum protein binding of phenytoin is greater in the hepatic
      vein than that in the femoral vein.

PMID- 4015712
TI  - Actinomycin D-associated lesions mimicking DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks
      detected by alkaline elution in cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - Cultured human fibroblasts were exposed to various concentrations of actinomycin
      D, a DNA intercalating agent, and studied by various alkaline elution techniques
      for the presence of DNA lesions. DNA-protein crosslinks increased proportionately
      with increasing actinomycin D, with 1.53 crosslinks/10(6) nucleotides after 5
      micrograms/ml exposure. However, in the single-strand DNA break assay, elution of
      DNA initially increased as expected with increasing actinomycin D but thereafter
      decreased, with only 0.09 breaks/10(6) nucleotides detected after 25
      micrograms/ml exposure, suggesting the presence of DNA crosslinking. A standard
      alkaline elution assay for DNA-DNA crosslinking was performed, and lesions which
      mimicked such crosslinks were detected, with a relative crosslink frequency of
      2.30 after 5 micrograms/ml exposure. These actinomycin D-associated lesions
      disappeared when the alkaline elution procedure was modified to include
      additional proteinase digestion and use of the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS) in the elution buffer, suggesting that they represented undigested DNA
      protein crosslinks or nonspecific protein on the filters inhibiting DNA elution.
      Greater than ten times as many DNA-protein crosslinks were detected in
      fibroblasts than the number of single-strand DNA breaks after cellular exposure
      to actinomycin, even after determining breaks using the modified methodology for
      decreasing cellular protein interference. The data suggest that the actinomycin
      DNA complex is associated with the formation of DNA-protein crosslinks which
      represent lesions other than endonuclease-associated DNA strand scission.

PMID- 4015713
TI  - In vitro inhibition of animal and higher plants 2,3-oxidosqualene-sterol cyclases
      by 2-aza-2,3-dihydrosqualene and derivatives, and by other ammonium-containing
      molecules.
AB  - 2-Aza-2,3-dihydrosqualene and related molecules, a series of new compounds
      designed as analogues of the transient carbocationic high energy intermediate,
      occurring in the oxirane ring opening during the cyclization of 2,3
      oxidosqualene, were tested in vitro as inhibitors of the microsomal 2,3
      oxidosqualene cyclase of animals (rat liver) and of higher plants (maize, pea).
      These molecules proved to be good and specific inhibitors for the cyclases of
      both phyla. The inhibition is due to positively charged species and is sensitive
      to the steric hindrance around the nitrogen-atom. 4,4,10 beta-Trimethyl-trans
      decal-3 beta-ol and 4,10 beta-dimethyl-trans-decal-3 beta-ol, which have
      previously been described (J.A. Nelson et al., J. Am. chem. Soc. 100, 4900 (1978]
      as inhibitors of the 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase of chinese hamster ovary cells,
      were found to be non-competitive inhibitors of the rat liver microsomal enzyme
      and presented no activity towards the higher plants cyclases. Aza derivatives of
      these decalines (A. Rahier et al., Phytochemistry, in press), which were aimed to
      mimic the C-8 carbocationic intermediate occurring during later steps of the 2,3
      oxidosqualene cyclization did not inhibit the cyclases. This result underlines
      the theoretical limitations of the high energy analogues concept in designing
      enzyme inhibitors. Amongst other molecules tested, 2,3-epiminosqualene was found
      to be a reversible, non-competitive inhibitor of the cyclases; similarly U18666A
      was a very potent inhibitor of the microsomal cyclases. In contrast AMO 1618, a
      known anticholesterolemic agent reported previously to act at the level of the
      2,3-oxidosqualene cyclization step, was not found per se to act on the cyclases.

PMID- 4015714
TI  - A radiochemical assay method for carboxylesterase, and comparison of enzyme
      activity towards the substrates methyl [1-14C] butyrate and 4-nitrophenyl
      butyrate.
AB  - A radiochemical assay for carboxylesterase based on the substrate methyl[1
      14C]butyrate is described. The blank value corresponds to 1.04 micrograms (liver)
      1.44 mg (plasma) of tissues with the highest and lowest activity respectively,
      which constitute the sensitivity of the method. The hydrolysis of methyl butyrate
      and 4-nitrophenyl butyrate by plasma, liver, lung, heart, diaphragm, cerebrum,
      kidney and duodenum of rat have been compared. The results showed that the two
      substrates were hydrolysed preferentially by two different groups of the enzyme.
      The effect of selective esterase inhibitors showed that both groups can be
      characterized as carboxylesterase, because bis-4-nitrophenyl phosphate inhibits
      the hydrolysis of both substrates, physostigmine has only a slight effect and
      EDTA is no inhibitor. The exception is the enzyme in the duodenum which is
      inhibited by all three inhibitors. The effect of phenobarbital induction and
      soman treatment on enzyme activity towards the two substrates were similar. Sex
      difference in the plasma activity towards methyl butyrate, but not 4-nitrophenyl
      butyrate, indicates that the group of carboxylesterase preferentially hydrolyzing
      4-nitrophenyl butyrate may be the most important for the detoxification of soman.

PMID- 4015715
TI  - Metabolism of tamoxifen and its uterotrophic activity.
AB  - Tamoxifen is an estrogen agonist in mouse uterus, a partial estrogen
      agonist/antagonist in rat uterus, and a pure estrogen antagonist in chicken
      oviduct. Tamoxifen metabolism was examined both in vitro and in vivo to determine
      if differences in the species response to this drug resulted from the
      differential formation of metabolites with estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity.
      Animals were given a subcutaneous injection of [3H]tamoxifen, and 4 or 24 hr
      later tamoxifen and its metabolites were extracted from tissues and separated by
      TLC. The profiles of metabolites extracted from the livers of these species were
      qualitatively similar; the principle metabolite was 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which
      comprised 27, 14, and 16% of the radioactivity from mouse, rat, and chicken
      livers, respectively, at 24 hr. Tamoxifen, however, was the principal compound
      extracted from all three livers. Metabolites extracted from mouse and rat uteri
      were the same ones obtained from liver, although their abundance (relative to
      tamoxifen) was much lower in uteri than in liver. Metabolite E and bisphenol, two
      tamoxifen derivatives that we believed might account for the uterotrophic effect
      of tamoxifen in the mouse, were found not to be formed in either liver or uterus.
      Tamoxifen metabolism was also studied in vitro using liver microsomes from these
      same species; The same metabolites were formed in vitro as in vivo, although
      their relative abundances were lower in vitro. No clear-cut differences in
      metabolism were seen that would account for the disparate pharmacological effects
      of tamoxifen in these species.

PMID- 4015716
TI  - Possible mechanisms for the agonist actions of tamoxifen and the antagonist
      actions of MER-25 (ethamoxytriphetol) in the mouse uterus.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine why tamoxifen, a non-steroidal
      antiestrogen, is uterotrophic in mice, whereas MER-25 (ethamoxytriphetol), a
      structurally related compound, is antiuterotrophic. Initial experiments indicated
      that the pituitary was not required for a uterotrophic response in mice to either
      estradiol (E2), tamoxifen (TAM), or 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH-TAM) MER-25 was not
      uterotrophic in mice but was capable of completely inhibiting the uterotrophic
      responses of mice to estrogens (E2) as well as antiestrogens (TAM and 4-OH-TAM);
      this inhibition was reversible by increasing the dose of the antiestrogen (TAM).
      The relative binding affinities (RBA) of TAM, 4-OH-TAM, and MER-25 to mouse
      uterus estrogen receptor (ER) and mouse liver antiestrogen binding sites (AEBS)
      were compared to determine whether either (or both) of these sites mediate the
      biological effects of these compounds. E2 is arbitrarily assigned an RBA of 100
      for ER; similarly, TAM is assigned an RBA of 100 for AEBS. MER-25 bound to AEBS
      with an RBA of 8.9 and to ER with an RBA of less than 0.06; in contrast, TAM and
      4-OH-TAM bound to AEBS with RBAs of 100 and 53, respectively, and to ER with RBAs
      of 2 and 131, respectively. Five other compounds that had similar RBAs as MER-25
      for AEBs (RBAs in the range 4-9) and for ER (RBAs less than 0.06) were tested for
      their antiuterotrophic activities in vivo against both estrogen (E2) and
      antiestrogen (TAM) in ovariectomized mice. None of these compounds were
      antiuterotrophic against either estradiol or tamoxifen (P less than 0.01), nor
      were any of the compounds uterotrophic in mice. These data suggest that
      differences in the biological actions of tamoxifen and MER-25 in mice are not
      mediated through AEBS and are most likely due to differences in their
      interactions with ER.

PMID- 4015718
TI  - Differential inhibition by T-2 toxin of total protein, DNA and isoprenoid
      synthesis in the culture macrophage cell line J774.

PMID- 4015717
TI  - Affinity of ligands other than triarylethylenes for liver microsomal antiestrogen
      binding sites.

PMID- 4015719
TI  - Adrenergic ligand binding in human serum.

PMID- 4015720
TI  - Competitive binding of the oximes HI-6 and 2-PAM with regional brain muscarinic
      receptors.

PMID- 4015721
TI  - IgG and IgM rheumatoid factor synthesis in rheumatoid synovial membrane cell
      cultures.
AB  - The detection of rheumatoid factors (RFs) in synovial membranes and fluids of
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has suggested that local production of
      these antiimmunoglobulin autoantibodies may have a role in the pathogenesis of
      synovitis. To quantitate RF synthesis in the rheumatoid synovial membrane, 12
      synovial specimens were obtained from patients with seropositive RA, 5 from
      patients with seronegative RA, and 6 from patients with other arthritides. Single
      cell suspensions were cultured, and supernatants were analyzed for IgG, IgM, IgG
      RF, and IgM-RF by solid-phase radioimmunoassays. IgM-RF was detected in all of
      the 12 seropositive culture supernatants, and IgG-RF was detected in 8 of the 12.
      Addition of cycloheximide to the cultures resulted in a greater than or equal to
      40% decreased in the amount of IgM-RF. A similar decrease in IgG-RF occurred in
      the 4 cultures in which the largest amounts of IgG-RF were detected. IgM-RF
      synthesis represented 7.3 +/- 0.7% (mean +/- SEM) of the total IgM produced, and
      IgG-RF represented 2.6 +/- 1.1% (mean +/- SEM) of the IgG synthesized in those
      cultures with detectable IgG-RF. Cultures of synovial membrane cells (SMC) from
      seronegative RA patients or patients with other arthritides did not contain
      detectable amounts of IgM-RF or IgG-RF. Selective synthesis of RF by seropositive
      synovium was suggested by the observation that the fractions of synthesized IgM
      with RF activity were greater in the SMC supernatants than in paired sera in all
      cases, and the fractions of IgG with RF activity were greater in the SMC
      supernatants of 3 of the 4 cases in which substantial amounts of IgG-RF were
      produced. Comparison of the percentages of newly synthesized IgM with RF activity
      in paired cultures of SMC and peripheral blood mononuclear cells similarly
      indicated selective synthesis of IgM-RF by the synovium. These results
      demonstrate active and selective synthesis of both IgG-RF and IgM-RF by
      seropositive SMC. However, RFs account for only a minor fraction of the total Ig
      produced.

PMID- 4015722
TI  - Sex ratio and sibship size in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis kindreds.
AB  - In a study of sibship size and sex ratio in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the
      anticipated sex ratios, including a marked female predominance in early onset
      pauciarticular disease and in polyarticular disease, were found. The size of the
      sibship showed a progressive increase with increasing age of the proband at onset
      of disease. In addition, the sex ratios of the sibs deviated from expected, among
      families where the proband's disease was characterized as either early onset
      pauciarticular or polyarticular in its presentation.

PMID- 4015723
TI  - Pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).
AB  - One hundred sixty-five nonsmoking systemic sclerosis patients were evaluated by
      pulmonary function testing. Restrictive lung disease and an isolated reduction of
      the diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide were the most frequent abnormalities.
      Patients with the CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal
      dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasias) had a similar frequency and
      severity of pulmonary involvement compared with the patients who had diffuse
      scleroderma. CREST syndrome patients with restrictive lung disease rarely had the
      anticentromere antibody and had more skin and joint involvement of their hands,
      compared with other CREST syndrome patients. Dyspnea and rales were most commonly
      found in patients with restrictive lung disease. Fibrosis, shown on chest
      radiograph, and pulmonary function abnormalities correlated poorly with each
      other. Dyspnea was associated with restrictive disease, and rales were more
      commonly found in patients with fibrosis. Patients with a restrictive abnormality
      had the worst prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 58%, although death from
      pulmonary causes was uncommon. Comparison of these nonsmoking patients with 137
      scleroderma patients who smoked, seen during the same time period, revealed more
      frequent and severe obstructive changes in smokers. Smoking patients with
      restrictive lung disease had more severe disease than nonsmoking patients. The
      single breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was significantly decreased
      in the patients who smoked compared with the nonsmokers. These data confirm that
      pulmonary function abnormalities are common in patients with systemic sclerosis
      including CREST syndrome. Smoking appears to have an additive deleterious effect
      on pulmonary function and should be strongly discouraged.

PMID- 4015724
TI  - Cellular immunity to collagen and laminin in scleroderma.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from scleroderma patients and
      normal controls were cultured in the presence of types I and IV collagen, intima
      collagen, laminin, and phytohemagglutinin. PBMC from 9 of 19 patients (47%)
      demonstrated lymphocyte transformation in response to laminin, and those from 2
      of 17 patients (12%) demonstrated reactivity to type IV collagen. None of the
      patient PBMC were responsive to type I collagen or to intima collagen. Healthy
      controls failed to demonstrate lymphocyte transformation in response to laminin
      or collagens. Analysis of clinical data, including age, disease duration, and
      degree of skin thickening and internal organ involvement, failed to predict the
      response to laminin or type IV collagen. The significance and disease specificity
      of this cellular immunity to laminin and, with lower frequency, to type IV
      collagen, that occurs in some scleroderma patients are unknown.

PMID- 4015725
TI  - Inspiratory muscle dysfunction and unexplained dyspnea in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - The role of inspiratory muscle dysfunction in lung volume restriction and
      unexplained dyspnea was studied in 16 consecutive patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus. Maximal mouth inspiratory pressure (PIM) and maximal
      transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi max) were measured. Pdi and its components were
      determined during quiet breathing. No significant association was found between
      the activity of the disease, several serologic markers, and the inspiratory
      muscle dysfunction. No specific anti-skeletal muscle antibody was found in these
      patients. Significant correlations were found between the degree of dyspnea and
      PIM (r = -0.69, P less than 0.01) and Pdi max (r = -0.75, P less than 0.001);
      however, dyspnea did not correlate with specific lung compliance. Vital capacity
      correlated significantly with the degree of dyspnea (r = -0.813, P less than
      0.001) and with Pdi max (r = 0.544, P less than 0.05). No correlation was found
      between vital capacity and specific lung compliance. We conclude that inspiratory
      muscle dysfunction can be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of the lung
      volume restriction and dyspnea in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 4015726
TI  - Antineuronal antibodies in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The diagnosis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NP-SLE) is
      clinical and one of exclusion. Brain cross-reactive lymphocytotoxins or neuronal
      antibodies have been proposed as a mechanism underlying NP-SLE. We assessed the
      clinical relevance of neuronal cell binding antibodies using a standardized
      clinical definition of NP-SLE. Serum from 54 SLE patients and 77 controls were
      tested for binding to 3 neuroblastoma and 3 glioblastoma cell lines. Thirty-three
      SLE patients (61%) fulfilled clinical criteria for the diagnosis of NP-SLE; of
      these, 55% had serum binding activity to both neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cell
      lines, compared with 33% of the other SLE patients. When reactivity to
      neuroblastoma cell lines only was assessed, 43% of NP-SLE patient sera
      demonstrated binding activity, versus 14% of sera from the remaining SLE
      patients. Control subjects' reactivity to neuroblastoma cell lines was positive
      in 12% of sera. Analysis of serum reactivity using non-neuronal cell lines
      revealed that neuroblastoma, but not glioblastoma, cell binding was specific. NP
      SLE patients with evidence of diffuse symptomatology had a higher mean titer of
      neuroblastoma cell line binding than those with focal symptomatology. Using a
      panel of substrates, one can identify a significant proportion of patients who
      are independently defined as having NP-SLE, who demonstrate specific serum
      neuronal antibodies.

PMID- 4015727
TI  - Influence of the severity and duration of murine antigen-induced arthritis on
      cartilage proteoglycan synthesis and chondrocyte death.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that joint inflammation can suppress chondrocyte
      proteoglycan synthesis and can even kill chondrocytes. In the present study, we
      investigated the influence of the severity and chronicity of murine antigen
      induced arthritis on the degree of these toxic effects on chondrocytes. Joint
      inflammation, quantitated by measurements of 99m technetium pertechnetate uptake,
      was significantly correlated with the inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis,
      measured by 35S-sulfate incorporation. Histologic grading of the extent of
      chondrocyte death on day 28 after arthritis induction correlated best with the
      degree of inflammation present on day 14. High scores for chondrocyte death were
      found only in mice with persistent, severe arthritis. Our data indicate that the
      severity of joint inflammation is a major determinant of the degree of
      chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis inhibition, whereas both the severity and
      chronicity of the inflammation determine chondrocyte killing and, therefore,
      irreversible joint destruction.

PMID- 4015728
TI  - Pressure erosions: a pattern of bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4015730
TI  - [A new synthesis for 14C-labeled penicillamine].

PMID- 4015729
TI  - Jaccoud's arthropathy of the knees in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 4015731
TI  - [The oxidation behavior of dithranol].
AB  - When Dithranol is oxidized in a weakly alkaline buffer by air oxygen one has to
      discuss two different oxidative pathways. Under homogeneous conditions (dithranol
      dissolved) the only oxidation product is dithranol-dimer (and subsequently
      dithranol-brown) whereas under heterogeneous conditions (dithranol suspended)
      mainly chrysazine (dantron) is produced, which does not alter under the chosen
      conditions. These circumstances may play an important part in the dithranol
      therapy of psoriasis.

PMID- 4015732
TI  - Preparation and properties of ryodipine, an effective antihypertensive agent.
AB  - A novel effective antihypertensive agent, 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o
      difluoromethoxyphenyl++ +)-1,4-dihydropyridine (ryodipine, PP-1466) has been
      obtained. A method for ryosidine synthesis has been developed, side products of
      PP-1466 synthesis have been isolated and identified. Special characteristics
      (IRS, UVS, NMR, MS) and chromatography data (TLC, HPLC) are cited.

PMID- 4015733
TI  - Pharmacological and toxicological properties of ryodipine.
AB  - 2,6-Dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxy-p hen yl)-1,4
      dihydropyridine (ryodipine, PP-1466) causes lasting decrease in systolic and
      diastolic arterial pressure at intravenous and oral administration to
      anesthetized animals. In conscious rats with DOCA-salt (des-oxycortone) and
      spontaneous hypertension, as well as in rats with hypertension provoked by method
      of cellophane perinephritis, PP-1466 (1 and 10 mg/kg, orally) decreases systolic
      pressure considerably. Therapeutic doses of PP-1466 do not essentially affect
      rhythm and frequency of cardiac contractions. High doses of the drug increase the
      heart rate. PP-1466 increases coronary blood flow. PP-1466 antagonizes
      considerably the pressor effect of angiotensin. In this respect PP-1466 is
      superior to SKF-24260 (2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-4-(o
      difluoromethylphenyl)-1, 4-dihydropyridine). PP-1466 reduces hypotensive reaction
      and tachycardia induced by isoprenaline administration, inhibits decrease in
      arterial pressure caused by electric stimulation of the vagus nerve and
      administration of acetylcholine. Hypotension caused by PP-1466 and its negative
      inotropic effect can be antagonized with calcium chloride. In mice and rats PP
      1466 at doses exceeding 10 mg/kg exerts a certain dose dependent depressant
      effect on the CNS. More protracted depressant effect on the CNS is exerted by
      nifedipine which was studied parallelly. In rabbits oral PP-1466 decreases in EEG
      basic rhythm amplitude both in cortical and subcortical structures. High doses of
      the drug lead to dysrhythmia in bioelectric activity. Acute, subacute and chronic
      toxicity studies in mice, rats and dogs show that PP-1466 possesses low acute
      toxicity and is well tolerated at protracted repeated administration of
      therapeutic and several times higher doses.

PMID- 4015734
TI  - Pharmacological studies of a newly synthetized 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative,
      2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4- (o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1,4
      dihydropyridine (PP-1466).
AB  - Hemodynamic effects of a new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, 2,6-dimethyl-3,5
      dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl++ +)-1,4-dihydropyridine (PP-1466),
      were examined by measuring systemic blood pressure, various arterial blood flow
      such as femoral, vertebral, renal and superior mesenteric artery, heart rate and
      respiratory rate in anesthetized dogs. Cardiohemodynamic effects were examined by
      measuring cardiac output, coronary blood flow, maximal rate of rise of left
      ventricular pressure (dp/dt max.) and right atrial pressure. The changes in
      myocardial oxygen consumption associated with the parameters mentioned above were
      also examined by measuring coronary sinus outflow and oxygen content in blood
      samples. The results obtained are as follows: The intraarterial administration of
      PP-1466 to the femoral artery caused vasodilating response. The vasodilating
      effect of PP-1466 was approximately 200 times more potent than that of papaverine
      and comparable to that of nifedipine or nicardipine (YC-93). The effective dose
      to induce vasodilation on femoral, vertebral and superior mesenteric artery by
      the systemic use of PP-1466 was more than 0.3 microgram/kg i.v. and more than
      0.03 mg/kg i.d. The vasodilation in vertebral artery was most prominent. After
      intravenous administration of PP-1466, renal blood flow decreased probably due to
      the fall in systemic blood pressure, whereas the flow progressively increased
      after intraduodenal administration. The effective dose to induce a fall in
      systemic blood pressure by PP-1466 was the range from 1 to 3 micrograms/kg i.v.
      and more than 0.1 mg/kg i.d., respectively. Diastolic hypotension was remarkable.
      Heart rate and respiratory rate were increased at the same time.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015735
TI  - Calcium antagonistic properties of nicardipine, a dihydropyridine derivative
      assessed in isolated cerebral arteries and cardiac muscle.
AB  - Calcium antagonistic properties of nicardipine (YC-93), a 1,4-dihydropyridine
      derivative, were studied in isolated cerebral artery and cardiac tissues of
      rabbits and dogs. Calcium antagonism was assessed in electrically stimulated
      rabbit basilar artery. Nicardipine at 10(-7) mol/l shifted to the right the dose
      response curve for Ca of the phasic contraction evoked by electrical stimulation
      with an alternating current, and at higher concentration it reduced the maximum
      tension and slope of the dose-response curve. Nicardipine inhibited the augmented
      contraction produced by high K, k-strophanthin and 5-hydroxytryptamine. It also
      caused dose-dependent inhibition of 45Ca uptake enhanced by 80 mmol/l K in dog
      basilar artery, and had a slight effect on the resting 45Ca uptake. In rabbit
      basilar artery treated with saponin, nicardipine in a dose of 10(-5) mol/l had no
      apparent effect on the increase in tension induced by excess Ca. Nicardipine had
      negative inotropic and chronotropic actions. These results suggest that
      nicardipine, like nifedipine, has a relative high vascular selectivity, and
      primarily acts by inhibiting Ca influx through the plasma membrane of vascular
      and cardiac tissues.

PMID- 4015736
TI  - Induction of cytochrome P-450 isozymes in liver microsomes of rats treated with
      the cardiotonic agent sulmazole.
AB  - Pretreatment of adult male rats with sulmazole (AR-L 115 BS) results in a 2-6
      fold increase of the liver microsomal scoparone O-demethylation and 7
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation activity. The change in the ratio of the
      demethylation products scopoletin to isoscopoletin from 1 : 1.8 +/- 0.1 in
      control microsomes to 1: 2.5 +/- 0.1 in microsomes from sulmazole pretreated rats
      is statistically significant. Sulmazole produces a modified type II difference
      spectrum when added to microsomes of control or sulmazole-pretreated rats.
      Immunoquantitation of seven cytochromes P-450 showed that two forms, namely P-450
      beta NF/ISF-G and P-450 beta NF-B, are increased 3-4-fold in the microsomes of
      sulmazole-pretreated rats.

PMID- 4015737
TI  - Influence of N-acetylcysteine on the hexachlorobenzene induced porphyria in rats.
AB  - The course of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) induced porphyria was not influenced by the
      concomitant administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to the animals: urinary
      excretion of total porphyrins and porphyrin precursors as well as the hepatic
      aminolevulinate synthase activities were not influenced by NAC treatment. In
      addition, no differences could be shown between the HCB and the HCB/NAC
      combination group concerning the hepatic cytochrome P-450 contents or the P-450
      dependent enzyme activities.

PMID- 4015738
TI  - Pharmacological profile of 1-methylsulphonyl-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-2
      imidazolidinone (Go-10213), a new antiprotozoal agent, in comparison with
      metronidazole.
AB  - A new antiprotozoal agent, 1-methylsulphonyl-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-2
      imidazolidinone (Go-10213) has a distinct advantage over metronidazole when their
      respective neuropharmacological effects on central and peripheral nervous
      functions are compared in different animal species. The results show that at
      equivalent dosage schedules with repeated high dosages, Go-10213 is devoid of
      adverse central and peripheral neural effects in monkeys; cats and dogs, whereas
      unequivocal evidence of metronidazole neurotoxicity was obtained in all the three
      species. Go-10213 compares favourably with metronidazole in animal tests for
      cardiovascular tolerability.

PMID- 4015739
TI  - [Comparative study of the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of isosorbide
      dinitrate formulations in retard form and in standard preparations by
      determination of isosorbide-5-mononitrate].
AB  - The aim of the study was to determine the relative bioavailability and the
      pharmacokinetic parameters following administration of a slow-release formulation
      of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN, Isdin) capsules (20, 40 and 60 mg). A gas
      chromatographic method was used to determine the plasma concentrations of ISDN
      and isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN). All of the required pharmacokinetic
      parameters were ascertained. The study was performed on 12 healthy volunteers in
      a steady-state crossover design. A comparison of the areas under the plasma
      concentration/time curves of the test preparations and the commercial
      preparations showed higher values for the test preparations in all of the
      investigations. However, these values were only statistically significant for the
      40 and 60 mg formulations ISDN and the 60 mg formulation IS-5-MN.

PMID- 4015740
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of suprofen. Experience with intramuscular
      application in healthy volunteers.
AB  - In the present randomized single-blind study local and systemic tolerability of
      alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-phenyl acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) 200
      mg/ml i.m. were compared with those of diclofenac 25 mg/ml and placebo. The three
      treatment groups consisted of 15 patients each and were homogeneous with respect
      to demographic parameters. The volunteers were assigned to these groups in random
      fashion and underwent treatment with 3 injections/day of either suprofen or
      diclofenac or placebo for 7 days. Mild local pain or systemic intolerance signs
      were equally rare in all three groups. The laboratory tests with the three
      preparations studied failed to indicate any negative influence on the
      hematopoietic organs or the adrenal activity. Abnormal changes in the ECG and the
      cardiovascular parameters during the treatment were not observed. Moderately or
      slightly elevated SGOT and SGPT values were seen during treatment with suprofen;
      however, these values returned to normal after the treatment. As compared with
      these elevations the values for subjects on diclofenac were higher and did not
      return to normal within 5 days following withdrawal of the drug. Moreover, the
      creatine phosphokinase activity, observed in both the suprofen and the diclofenac
      group, was so extremely high in subjects on diclofenac that this drug had to
      extremely high in subjects on diclofenac that this drug had to be withdrawn on
      day 4 of the study. On the basis of these results it can be stated that
      intramuscular injections of suprofen 200 mg/ml are locally and systemically well
      tolerated even on administration t.i.d. Measurement of the steady-state plasma
      level was not indicative of altered kinetic behaviour of suprofen. The plasma
      levels remained constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015741
TI  - Local and systemic tolerability of suprofen. Experience with intravenous
      administration and infusion in healthy volunteers (1st comm.).
AB  - Local and systemic tolerability of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-phenyl
      acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol 200 mg/ml intravenous injection and suprofen 200
      mg/ml infusion were in the present single-blind crossover study assessed and
      compared with those of placebo i.v. 12 volunteers each were in random fashion
      assigned to one of the three treatment groups; for a period of 7 days the
      subjects received daily 2 intravenous injections or infusions of suprofen or
      placebo, respectively. Investigator and patients appreciation of local
      tolerability revealed that no pain or discomfort occurred in 98% of the subjects
      on suprofen and in 100% of those on placebo. The incidence of limited, moderate
      or mild, adverse reactions was in the suprofen group higher than in the placebo
      group. The laboratory tests for the treatment groups indicated no negative
      effects on either the hematopoietic organs or the liver function; no abnormal
      changes in ECG and cardiovascular parameters were observed during the treatment
      period. Tests of the renal parameters, i.e., creatinine clearance, creatinine,
      and urea (BUN), revealed negative shifts in the first two parameters, whereas BUN
      remained uninfluenced. On the basis of these results it can be stated that 200
      mg/ml of suprofen, given either as intravenous injection or as infusion, were
      both locally and systemically well tolerated even on administration b.i.d. The
      more or less unfavorable shifts in the renal parameters, which occurred with
      placebo as well as with suprofen, require further investigation.

PMID- 4015742
TI  - Local and systemic tolerability of suprofen. Experience with intravenous
      administration and infusion in healthy volunteers (2nd comm.).
AB  - 12 healthy male volunteers who had given consent to the study each received in a
      randomized cross-over design 13 applications of 2-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)
      phenyl acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) injection solution 200 mg/ml at 8 a.m. and
      at 2 p.m. as i.v. bolus injections or as infusions. It could be demonstrated,
      that suprofen given as multiple dose i.v. bolus injections or as multiple
      infusion doses was well tolerated. The peak plasma concentrations after i.v.
      bolus injections were in the range of 16.3 to 42.3 micrograms/ml (mean 26.5) and
      after 2 h between 1.3 and 9.8 micrograms/ml (mean 3.2). 1.5 h after the start of
      infusion (end of the infusion) the plasma concentrations were in the range of 4.0
      and 11.2 micrograms/ml (mean 7.2) with a infusion rate of 4.6 mg/min for the
      first 30 min and then of 1.1 mg/min for about 57 additional min. At 2.5 h after
      the infusion applications the mean plasma level was 2.0 micrograms/ml. There was
      no indication of accumulation nor accelerated elimination during the 7-day
      period. There was no statistically significant difference between the plasma
      elimination after the last injection of the 7-day period and the plasma
      elimination after i.v. single injection as well as from the elimination after the
      last infusion of the 7-day period.

PMID- 4015743
TI  - [The clinical pharmacokinetics of allopurinol. 1. Allopurinol absorption sites
      and dose proportionality of allopurinol/oxipurinol bioavailability].
AB  - The rate and extent of allopurinol absorption was studied following its oral
      ingestion in a "high frequency capsule" which allows the evaluation of the sites
      of drug absorption. If allopurinol is liberated in the duodenum or upper jejunum
      its absorption is fast and complete while its liberation in the lower jejunum
      results in a slow and incomplete absorption. A capacity limited absorption
      process for allopurinol, suggested from the results of a study on the allopurinol
      bioavailability from different formulations, could not be proved in the range of
      single doses between 200 and 600 mg resp. 2.2 to 12.8 mg/kg. AUC- and Cp-values
      of allopurinol and oxipurinol correspond to the calculated figures in relation to
      the different doses/kg.

PMID- 4015744
TI  - [HPLC determination of troxerutin in plasma and urine following oral
      administration in man].
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) is described for the
      analysis of 3',4',7-tri-O-(beta-hydroxy-ethyl)-rutoside (troxerutin) in human
      plasma and urine. After separation of interfering substances on XAD-2
      trihydroxyethylrutoside is converted to tetrahydroxyethylrutoside by 2
      chlorethanol in alkaline medium. After HPLC-separation tetrahydroxyethylrutoside
      is quantified by fluorescence detection. The pharmacokinetics of troxerutin were
      measured in plasma after oral administration to man. The relative bioavailability
      of the drug from Venelbin was 97.8 +/- 37.1% compared to an aqueous standard
      solution.

PMID- 4015745
TI  - [Antibacterial antibodies in immunoglobulins].

PMID- 4015746
TI  - Minority deaf students: an overview.

PMID- 4015747
TI  - Clinical management of communicatively handicapped minority language populations.

PMID- 4015748
TI  - The effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte
      membrane phospholipids, erythrocyte deformability and blood viscosity in healthy
      volunteers.
AB  - We have examined, in normal subjects, the effects of a daily dietary supplement
      of fish oil concentrate ('maxEPA'), providing 3 g of omega-3 fatty acids, on
      erythrocyte membrane phospholipids, erythrocyte deformability and blood
      viscosity. After 3 weeks, incorporation of C20:5 omega 3 into erythrocyte
      phosphatidyl choline (PC) was greater compared to phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE)
      and phosphatidyl serine (PS). After 6 weeks, there was no further increase in
      total erythrocyte C20:5 omega 3, but its distribution amongst phospholipid
      subclasses had changed. C20:5 omega 3 had increased further in PE and PS, but
      decreased in PC. Incorporation of C20:5 omega 3 also occurred into PC, PE and PS.
      omega-3 Fatty acids were incorporated almost entirely at the expense of C18:2
      omega 6, but total unsaturation of phospholipids was increased. This is
      consistent with increased lipid fluidity, which may be an important determinant
      of erythrocyte deformability. The same dosage of maxEPA also resulted in a
      significant increase in erythrocyte deformability and a concomitant reduction in
      whole blood viscosity. Since plasma viscosity and haematocrit were unchanged it
      seems likely that the effects on blood rheology were mediated by changes in
      erythrocyte lipid fluidity. Modification of blood rheology by dietary omega-3
      fatty acids is of potential value in the treatment of vascular disease.

PMID- 4015749
TI  - Increased atherosclerosis in rabbits immunized with endothelial cells.
AB  - Rabbits maintained on normal ration or cholesterol-supplemented diet were
      immunized with homogenates of endothelial cells grown in cultures that were
      derived from either bovine or human aorta. Minimal aortic lesions were found in
      all groups of rabbits fed regular diet; microscopically, differences were seen
      that manifested as medial lesions in controls and intimal lesions in animals
      immunized with endothelial cells. Aortic atherosclerosis was significantly
      increased in the immunized, cholesterol-fed animals over that in controls. This
      difference was more pronounced in the abdominal aorta where the area with lesions
      in immunized rabbits was 4-7 times that of controls; atherosclerosis of the
      thoracic aorta was 2.5-5 times greater in the immunized animals (P less than
      0.001 for both segments). Increased atherosclerosis was observed despite a
      significant reduction in plasma cholesterol in the immunized rabbits (770 +/- 119
      mg/dl) compared to controls (1595 +/- 225 mg/dl) (P less than 0.001).
      Immunization with endothelial cells elicited strong cell-mediated and humoral
      responses as determined by dermal delayed hypersensitivity and solid-phase
      immunoradiometric tests, respectively. Cross-reactivity in both assays was found
      against human and bovine cells. Enhancement of atherosclerosis appears to depend
      not on induction of immune complexes but on specific antibodies and cell-mediated
      reactions.

PMID- 4015750
TI  - Intramural stress as a causative factor in atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic
      valve.
AB  - Topographic distribution of atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic valve was
      investigated in rabbits on a 2%-cholesterol-enriched diet and related to
      distribution of intramural stress in the valve. Initially the lesions appeared at
      the base of the leaflet on the aortic face and with time spread further out into
      the leaflet and up the wall of the aortic sinus. In the leaflet, the lesion
      occurred only in the pressure-bearing part and was primarily composed of a mass
      of foam cells. By 10 weeks primary fatty plaques were still confined to the
      aortic face but fibroblasts within the leaflet had also taken up fat. Even after
      33 weeks, the atheromatous plaque had not spread beyond the pressure-bearing part
      of the leaflet. From silicone rubber casts of the valve it was observed that only
      part of the leaflet was under pressure and the remaining leaflet sustained no
      pressure gradient. The maximum intramural stress occurred during diastole on the
      pressure-bearing part. In systole, the blood flow produced shear stress on the
      entire leaflet. Hence, occurrence of atherosclerotic lesions only in the area of
      maximum intramural stress suggests that intramural stress and not shear stress
      plays an important role in accelerating the process of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4015751
TI  - Clinical and rheological studies in patients with intermittent claudication.
AB  - While the resistance to flow offered by means of arterial narrowing and the
      collateral arteries are the major determinants affecting peripheral flow, there
      may be a contribution by those elements which affect the viscosity of the blood.
      To evaluate these factors, haematocrit, red blood cell aggregation and plasma
      viscosity were measured in 100 patients with occlusive arterial disease of the
      lower extremities. Disturbances in these parameters were noted and appeared to be
      related to the severity and extent of the occlusive disease. However, whether
      these factors contribute to the cause of intermittent claudication remains
      uncertain.

PMID- 4015752
TI  - Influx of [3H,14C]cholesterol-labelled lipoprotein into re-endothelialized and de
      endothelialized areas of ballooned aortas in normal-fed and cholesterol-fed
      rabbits.
AB  - The entry of [3H]- and [3H,14C]cholesterol-labelled lipoprotein into de
      endothelialized and re-endothelialized areas of balloon-injured rabbit aortas was
      studied in normal-fed and cholesterol-fed rabbits. Studies were carried out 11-15
      weeks after the initial injury when endothelial regeneration involved
      approximately half of the aortic area. The entry into the aorta of 3H-labelled
      free and ester cholesterol in lipoprotein over a 72-h period was studied
      following the ingestion of a single dose of 3H-labelled cholesterol. The entry of
      double labelled [3H,14C]cholesterol-labelled lipoprotein was also studied over a
      6-h period following the injection of plasma from donor rabbits. The accumulation
      of cholesterol and cholesterol ester in the aorta in both the normal- and
      cholesterol-fed rabbits was significantly greater for the re-endothelialized
      (white) areas than for the de-endothelialized (blue) areas or the sham-operated
      aortas. Where the rabbits were cholesterol-fed 4-10 times the amount of
      cholesterol accumulated in re-endothelialized intima compared to normal intima.
      Both entry (micrograms/day/100 mg wet weight aortic intima) and clearance (mu 1
      plasma/day/cm2) of free and ester cholesterol were increased in the neointima
      compared with the normal intima for both normal-fed and cholesterol-fed rabbits.
      Hydrolysis of cholesterol ester occurred in the neointima and was greater than in
      the corresponding de-endothelialized area but less than for the sham-operated
      intima. Synthesis of cholesterol ester was minimal in all areas. Removal of
      labelled cholesterol and cholesterol ester from the intima during a 20-h efflux
      period following the initial 72-h loading period indicated that for aortas of
      both normal-fed and cholesterol-fed rabbits, there was greater removal for normal
      intima than for either re-endothelialized or de-endothelialized intima. However,
      no clear difference between the blue and white areas was observed. It is
      concluded that the accumulation of cholesterol in neointima after balloon injury
      is associated with a marked increase in permeability to lipoprotein of the
      neointima as well as to possible binding of lipoprotein to glycosaminoglycan in
      the artery.

PMID- 4015754
TI  - Plasma pyridoxal-5-phosphate level as risk index for coronary artery disease.
AB  - Preliminary evidence is presented that plasma pyridoxal-5-phosphate levels are
      considerably and significantly reduced (P less than 0.0001) in patients suffering
      from myocardial infarction when compared to a healthy control group.

PMID- 4015753
TI  - Plasma carnitine and lipid-lowering drugs.
AB  - Oral carnitine has been reported to have a lipid-lowering effect with concomitant
      elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in normo- and
      hyperlipidemic individuals. Unexpectedly, basal carnitine concentrations were
      found to be abnormally high in subjects receiving a combination of probucol (1
      g/day) and clofibrate (2 g/day), and who also had reduced HDL-C levels. Changes
      in plasma carnitine levels were found to correlate with clofibrate therapy and to
      be readily reversible with cessation of this drug. These increases of circulating
      carnitine were not accompanied by a rise in HDL-C.

PMID- 4015755
TI  - Alcohol and work: 'policies' are not enough.

PMID- 4015756
TI  - Prevention: potential at the local level.

PMID- 4015757
TI  - Alcohol and the chest radiograph.

PMID- 4015758
TI  - Age-related differences in blood ethanol parameters and subjective feelings of
      intoxication in healthy men.
AB  - Healthy men within 4 age groups, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59 years (N = 12 per
      group), drank 0.68 g/kg ethanol as neat whisky after fasting overnight. The drink
      was finished within 20 min and the concentrations of ethanol in capillary blood
      were determined at 30-60 min intervals for 7 hr. At the time of blood sampling,
      the men were asked to estimate their feelings of intoxication according to an
      arbitrary scale on which the score 10 indicated 'tipsy' or a 'little high'. The
      time course of blood ethanol concentration was similar in all 4 groups with the
      curve for 50-59-year-old men on the highest level and 20-29-year-old men lowest.
      Subjective intoxication scores were significantly less in the youngest age group
      and the maximum score for each subject was correlated with age (r = 0.45, P less
      than 0.01). Total body water (TBW) was not correlated with age directly (r =
      0.17, P greater than 0.05) but when it was expressed as percent of body weight a
      strong negative correlation was found (r = -0.77, P less than 0.001). The mean
      total body water estimated from ethanol dilution was 46.7 +/- 4.1 l. (+/- SD, N =
      48) and this corresponds to 58% of mean body weight of the men. The distribution
      volume of ethanol/kg body weight (Vd) decreased with ageing (r = -0.59, P less
      than 0.001) being 0.72, 0.71, 0.68 and 0.66 l/kg on average in the 20-29, 30-39,
      40-49 and 50-59-year-old age groups respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4015759
TI  - The incidence of alcohol withdrawal symptoms in admissions to the Withington
      Hospital Detoxification Unit.

PMID- 4015760
TI  - Assessment of genetic predisposition to alcoholism in male alcoholics.
AB  - Association between the history of alcoholism in different relatives with the
      development of alcoholism in male probands was analysed using the rate of
      development of alcoholism as a marker of genetic predisposition. It was found
      that a history of alcoholism in parents, grandparents and siblings of parents was
      associated with an accelerated rate in the development of alcoholism while a
      history of alcoholism in siblings and children of probands was not. The rate of
      development of alcoholism was positively associated with the number of
      generations of the proband's family in which alcoholism occurred.

PMID- 4015761
TI  - Alcohol abuse in the Old Testament.
AB  - The Old Testament offers significant lessons in the use and abuse of alcohol and
      may also contain pertinent clues as to why Jews, rarely abstinent, evince a
      remarkably low incidence of addictive drinking. Some observations are offered
      within the context of a modern classificatory system suggested in the Major and
      Minor Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcohol outlined in 1972 by the National
      Council of Alcoholism in the United States.

PMID- 4015762
TI  - [Peritoneal gliomatosis associated with a mature teratoma of the ovary].
AB  - Peritoneal or/and omental implants composed of mature glial tissue is a rare
      complication of ovarian teratomas. A few cases have been previously reported, and
      one more case is described. The glial nature of the implants is proved by the
      presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein. The previous reports of long
      survival indicate that occurrence of this peritoneal gliomatosis does not alter
      the prognosis and that therapy directed at the peritoneal implants of mature glia
      is not required for cure.

PMID- 4015763
TI  - The effect of heavy maternal alcohol intake on amniotic fluid phospholipids in
      late pregnancy.
AB  - The reported effects of alcohol on lung and brain phospholipid metabolism in
      adult animals have been numerous, but its effect on the fetal lung has not been
      examined. We investigated the effect of heavy maternal ethanol intake on fetal
      pulmonary maturation, as measured by the amniotic fluid phospholipids, lecithin
      and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Mothers were screened at their first prenatal
      visit, and detailed drinking histories were taken. Amniotic fluid phospholipids
      were determined later in pregnancy for clinical purposes, and mothers with
      positive scores who admitted to drinking during the third trimester were compared
      to a control group. Amniotic fluid from mothers whose fetuses were exposed to
      ethanol late in pregnancy did not show the expected increase in
      lecithin/sphingomyelin and PG related to gestational age that was observed in
      nondrinking mothers. Canonical correlation of gestational age, late pregnancy
      drinking, and chronic alcohol problems with amniotic fluid L/S and PG jointly
      revealed that both gestational age and maternal drinking were significant
      determinants of fetal lung maturity (r = .39, P less than .05), with active
      maternal drinking being about one-third as important a determinant as gestational
      age. These findings could be explained by the known damage-inducing effect of
      ethanol on alveolar cell membranes or by the effects of ethanol on phospholipid
      metabolism.

PMID- 4015764
TI  - Glycohemoglobins in normal and diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) concentration was measured in 155 pre- and 30
      postpartum patients to study its correlation with glucose metabolism and
      perinatal outcome in patients suspected of carbohydrate intolerance during
      pregnancy. Though the mean HbA1 values were significantly higher in gestational
      diabetics compared to normal pregnant controls, the large overlap between HbA1
      levels of diabetic patients and levels in the of normal range, make HbA1 an
      unreliable screening device for diabetes. However, if the HbA1 level was elevated
      in patients suspected of carbohydrate intolerance, but who had a normal glucose
      tolerance test, the perinatal outcome in terms of macrosomia and neonatal
      metabolic abnormalities was similar to that of the group with gestational
      diabetes. HbA1 measurements should be obtained in these women, and, if elevated,
      maternal and fetal surveillance is recommended. HbA1 level is not a useful
      predictor of birthweight, though may be of value as a postpartum screen for
      unrecognized diabetes and may help discriminate between a constitutionally large
      but otherwise normal newborn and a large infant of a diabetic mother.

PMID- 4015765
TI  - Effect of maternal intravenous infusions on fetal extracellular fluid composition
      in pregnant ewes.
AB  - Infusion of intravenous solutions to women in labor is common clinical practice.
      Since these infusions may change the volume and electrolyte balance between the
      mother and fetus, we investigated the influence of acute maternal volume
      expansion upon fetal and maternal fluid and electrolyte equilibrium in the
      chronically catheterized fetal lamb. Paired measurements of maternal and fetal
      plasma sodium and potassium concentrations, osmolality, and colloid osmotic
      pressure (COP), plus measurements in the fetal-placental plasma volume were
      obtained following rapid maternal infusions with saline, dextrose, and dextran
      solutions. Maternal infusions resulted in changes in fetal electrolyte
      concentrations as well as alterations in transplacental COP differences. Despite
      these changes, however, no changes in fetal plasma volume were noted.

PMID- 4015766
TI  - Successful therapy of unilateral pulmonary emphysema: mechanical ventilation with
      extremely short inspiratory time.
AB  - We describe a novel approach to the mechanical ventilation of two neonates with
      life-threatening unilateral pulmonary emphysema (UPE). Using a standard time
      cycled, pressure-limited ventilator, we achieved resolution of UPE with shorter
      inspiratory times than previously reported effective in human newborns (0.10-0.15
      sec). We elected this ventilatory strategy in order to direct tidal volume
      preferentially toward units of lung with relatively normal time constants, while
      avoiding inflation of longer time-constant emphysematous areas.

PMID- 4015767
TI  - Progressive chest radiographic changes in wet lung disease.
AB  - Delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid, or wet lung disease (WLD), is a common,
      well described clinico-radiographic diagnosis. Unusual chest roentgenographic
      findings in six infants with WLD are reported. All infants had either delayed
      development of pleural fluid collections or transient apparent worsening of
      pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates simulating infection. Five of the six patients
      were treated with antibiotics. The patients were clinically well,
      radiographically normal, and culture negative by 72 hours. Our findings suggest
      that worsening of pulmonary parenchymal opacities and the appearance of pleural
      effusions can be part of the WLD spectrum. An initial radiographic impression of
      neonatal pneumonia can be changed to WLD and antibiotics stopped after 72 hours
      if subsequent radiographs show clearing, cultures are negative, and clinical
      findings resolve as they did in our patients.

PMID- 4015768
TI  - Primary management of postpartum vulvovaginal hematomas by angiographic
      embolization.
AB  - Three cases of large postpartum vulvovaginal hematomas are reported. After
      conservative measures including incision and drainage, ligation of bleeding
      sites, vaginal packing and replacement of volume and coagulation factors failed
      to control the bleeding in each, pelvic angiography was performed. Brisk arterial
      bleeding demonstrated on arteriography was controlled by Gelfoam embolization in
      all three cases. Intra- or postpartum hematologic evaluation revealed a
      previously undiagnosed coagulation disorder in each patient. The authors suggest
      that angiography be considered before hypogastric artery ligation whenever
      possible in patients with large postpartum hematomas and that all such patients
      be evaluated for coagulopathy.

PMID- 4015769
TI  - Isoimmunization in pregnancy to Gerbich antigen.
AB  - A case of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Gerbich, a public antigen, is
      presented. The antibody which was IgG1 reacted in vitro with mononuclear
      phagocytes. Serial sonographic and amniotic fluid examinations were followed and
      a mildly jaundiced neonate was delivered. Further investigation may establish a
      relationship between severity of disease and IgG subclasses, a mononuclear
      phagocyte assay, and sonographic measurements. Sources of compatible blood for
      possible maternal, fetal, or neonatal transfusion include blood bank rare donor
      files, relatives, and autologous donation.

PMID- 4015770
TI  - Nonimmune hydrops fetalis managed with peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4015771
TI  - Prepartum diagnosis of traumatic fetal-maternal hemorrhage.
AB  - The diagnosis of significant fetal-maternal hemorrhage due to abdominal trauma
      was made upon detection of fetal red cells in the maternal circulation before
      delivery, and prompted immediate intervention despite an equivocal fetal monitor
      tracing. Histologic examination of the placenta identified the area of disruption
      of the fetal circulation, and the clinical condition of the neonate confirmed the
      diagnosis. A test for fetal-maternal hemorrhage would be appropriate in the
      evaluation of any pregnant woman sustaining trauma to the abdomen.

PMID- 4015772
TI  - Reverse transport of the deceased neonate--an aid to mourning.
AB  - Parents whose infant has died mourn in a fashion similar to others who experience
      a significant loss. Seeing and touching the dead infant often facilitate the
      parents' mourning process. If an infant is transported to another facility for
      care, and dies while the mother remains hospitalized, the mother may never see
      her infant again. We have found, in selected cases, that returning the dead
      infant to its mother at the referring hospital can greatly facilitate parental
      grieving. Parents who have participated in this aspect of grieving later describe
      it as a very positive factor in their mourning process.

PMID- 4015773
TI  - Early childhood developmental follow-up of infants with GMH/IVH: effect of
      methylxanthine therapy.
AB  - Theophylline, aminophylline, and caffeine are methylxanthines frequently used in
      the treatment of idiopathic apnea of prematurity. These agents alter both
      cerebral blood flow and metabolism and are frequently administered to small
      preterm neonates, many of whom have experienced germinal matrix and/or
      intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH/IVH) and thus may suffer underlying disturbances
      of both cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Our data demonstrate that infants
      with GMH/IVH required methylxanthine therapy in the neonatal period more often
      than their nonhemorrhage peers. Because the combined presence of GMH/IVH and
      methylxanthine therapy may compound the potential for adverse effects in these
      infants, we analyzed the neurodevelopmental outcome of 73 very-low-birthweight
      neonates at 18 months corrected age with respect to the presence of GMH/IVH and
      neonatal methylxanthine therapy. Though further studies are needed, we cautiously
      conclude that the 18-month Bayley mental score demonstrates no harmful effects of
      neonatal methylxanthine therapy on cognitive functioning.

PMID- 4015774
TI  - Do computers help or hinder the clinical evaluation of alternative treatments in
      perinatal medicine?

PMID- 4015775
TI  - Maximizing the efficiency of a study on alcohol-related birth defects by means of
      data collection and analytic strategy dissociation.
AB  - Application of the terms "prospective" and "retrospective" to quasi/experimental
      research designs used in clinical investigations is often ambiguous; they often
      lack specification as to whether they apply to data acquisition, analytic
      strategy, or both. Data may be collected prospectively by preplanned protocol or
      retrospectively by chart review. In addition, the direction of analysis may be
      prospective--comparing differential outcomes for at-risk and not at-risk
      (exposed/not exposed) groups--or retrospective--comparing differential preceding
      risks for affected and nonaffected groups. Prospective data collection is
      advantageous in assuring the availability of crucial variables for an entire
      sample, but prospective analytic strategies may be inefficient, underestimating
      effect sizes, particularly when the outcome of interest is rare or the effect,
      even if large, is seen in only a small proportion of cases. In a prospective
      multilinear regression model of risks for lowered birthweight for gestational
      age, 2% of the variance was explained by alcohol variables after adjustment for
      confounding. In comparison, a similar multilinear regression of case-control
      sample, in which the frequency of the abnormal outcome is raised, showed 18% of
      the variance explained by alcohol variables. Data collection and analytic
      strategies may be dissociated. Although some statistical power may be lost
      because of reduced sample size, synthetic case-control analysis is efficient in
      examining small effects. It also has the advantage of decreasing the size of the
      database to be managed and the time required for analysis. Using this approach,
      it is feasible to perform virtually any analysis that can be done on a mainframe
      on medium-sized departmental computer system.

PMID- 4015776
TI  - The importance of epidemiological studies of allergy in Asia and the Pacific.

PMID- 4015777
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Thailand.

PMID- 4015778
TI  - Abstracts of the papers presented at the annual meeting of the Allergy and
      Immunology Society of Thailand. Bangkok, 22nd March 1985.

PMID- 4015779
TI  - Live attenuated varicella vaccination in immunocompromised children.

PMID- 4015780
TI  - Intracutaneous tests, radioallergosorbent tests, total serum IgE determinations,
      total eosinophil counts and nasal eosinophilia in the diagnosis of allergic
      diseases.

PMID- 4015781
TI  - Alterations of immune profile among villagers in Flores, Indonesia.

PMID- 4015782
TI  - Clinical significance of the Lewis red blood cell system to transfusion practice
      in Thailand.

PMID- 4015783
TI  - Rye grass allergen induced lymphocyte proliferation.

PMID- 4015784
TI  - Is blending the graminean allergens a reliable practice? An evaluation of
      blending graminean allergens.

PMID- 4015785
TI  - Aerosol therapy of bronchial asthma.

PMID- 4015786
TI  - Aggression and violence.

PMID- 4015787
TI  - The use of standardized assessment procedures in the evaluation of patients with
      multiple injuries.
AB  - The accuracy of diagnosis in multiple trauma can be greatly improved by the use
      of standardized assessment routines and standard documentation. In the two groups
      of patients reviewed the diagnostic error rate fell from 23% in the period 1979
      1980 to 8% for the period 1981-1982.

PMID- 4015788
TI  - Air weapon injuries in children: a case for education.
AB  - The results of the first 6 months of a 2-year prospective study on the frequency,
      severity and methods of prevention of air weapon injuries to children are
      reported. Twenty-eight cases presenting to an urban paediatric accident and
      emergency department have been analysed. Nineteen of these were males between the
      ages of 10 and 16 years. At least 18 incidents occurred in public places. The
      five most serious injuries were of the orbit, face and abdomen. Another nine
      injuries were near vital structures. Education is needed on the existing
      guidelines for the safe use of air weapons.

PMID- 4015789
TI  - Air rifle ammunition and its influence on wounding potential.
AB  - Two new types of air rifle pellet have been introduced; Prometheus, made from
      steel and nylon, and 'Sabo', made from lead alloy and plastic. Both have radio
      opaque and radio-lucent components and their manufacturers claim better
      penetration. To establish their capabilities and the clinical implications a
      comparison of penetration was made between diablo, Prometheus and 'Sabo' pellets
      using gelatin 20% as a tissue simulant. Prometheus penetrated no further than
      diablo pellets but fragmented in up to 70% of cases. 'Sabo' penetrated 46%
      further than diablo (p = 0.001) and its plastic component did not penetrate at
      ranges greater than 0.5 m. Prometheus penetrated steel, unlike the other pellets,
      and is therefore potentially more dangerous in head injury. Because of
      fragmentation after impact it should be remembered that the radio-lucent sleeve
      is likely to be lying in the wound track. 'Sabo' would appear to be the most
      dangerous in soft and medium density materials.

PMID- 4015790
TI  - Wound healing.
AB  - The majority of wounds encountered in the accident and emergency department are
      superficial in nature and a consequence of accidental trauma or the elective
      surgical incision of infected foci. The techniques of management of such cases
      have undergone few changes in recent years, and any advances of a practical or
      therapeutic nature have been comparatively modest. On the other hand, many major
      advances have occurred in our understanding of the factors involved in the basic
      pathophysiology of wound repair. This paper is a summary of our present concept
      of the process of repair in soft tissues.

PMID- 4015791
TI  - A study of stab wounds.
AB  - A study was made of patients with stab wounds who attended the Accident and
      Emergency Department of Glasgow Royal Infirmary during 1978 and 1983. There were
      318 patients. The majority, 304 (96%), were males. A total of 87 (27%) were
      teenagers. The most common sites of the wounds were the chest (143 patients) and
      the abdomen (113 patients). The features of the patients and their wounds are
      compared with those of a previous study carried out at the same hospital in the
      early 1960s (Batey & MacBain, 1967). The post-mortem reports of 25 fatal stab
      injury cases occurring in Glasgow between 1971 and 1978 are also reviewed. Some
      aspects of diagnosis, management and prevention of stab wounds are discussed.

PMID- 4015792
TI  - Simultaneous traumatic rupture of the quadriceps tendons.
AB  - A case is reported of simultaneous traumatic rupture of quadriceps tendons
      diagnosed in the accident and emergency department within 2 hours of injury. This
      is an extremely rare injury and diagnosis is often missed. Possible mechanism of
      the injury, predisposing factors, guidelines for diagnosis and results of
      surgical treatment are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 4015793
TI  - Do accident and emergency patients collect their prescribed medication?
AB  - One month's prescriptions from an accident and emergency department were
      examined. Of these 16% were found not to have been dispensed by the chemist. The
      commonest drugs prescribed were antibiotics (60%) and analgesics (22%). Most age
      groups were guilty of failing to collect drugs--primary non-compliance.

PMID- 4015795
TI  - AIDS and the accident and emergency department.

PMID- 4015794
TI  - Plasma catecholamine concentrations in acute states of stress and trauma.

PMID- 4015796
TI  - Dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint.

PMID- 4015797
TI  - Re: Myocardial infarction and ventricular rupture.

PMID- 4015798
TI  - The Lixiscope portable imaging device: an assessment of its use in the accident
      and emergency department.

PMID- 4015799
TI  - An indication for human tetanus immunoglobulin in unimmunized patients.

PMID- 4015800
TI  - Intravenous drug abuse and the accident and emergency department.
AB  - A 4-month prospective study of intravenous drug abusers attending an accident and
      emergency department was performed. A total of 92 patients presented with 104 new
      complaints. Seventy-eight per cent of patients were under 30 years of age and 28%
      were female. The primary reason for attendance was related to trauma in 30% of
      attendances, accidental or deliberate overdose in 26% and as a result of
      infection in 26%. A total of 37% of all attendances resulted in admission and two
      patients died in the department. Fifty-four patients (58%) had radioimmunoassay
      performed for hepatitis B markers and there was evidence of past or ongoing
      infection in 87% of these patients. Only three patients (5.6%) were HBsAg
      positive at the time of presentation. Accident and emergency staff should be made
      aware of the pattern of attendance of intravenous drug abusers and the particular
      problems they present.

PMID- 4015801
TI  - Neuromuscular paralysis caused by an overdose of emepronium bromide (Cetiprin).
AB  - Emepronium bromide (Cetiprin) is an anticholinergic agent used therapeutically to
      reduce urinary frequency. We describe a voluntary overdose, which caused
      respiratory failure due to neuromuscular paralysis.

PMID- 4015802
TI  - The vagrant in the accident and emergency department.
AB  - Those of no fixed abode constituted only 0.3% of all new patients seen in one
      year. The majority presented with a disorder due to acute medical illness or
      trauma. This group has poor access to general practitioners, and turns to the
      accident and emergency department for medical care. However, the number of
      investigations performed and the number admitted to hospital indicate a
      substantial amount of serious pathology. The proportion of homeless attenders
      abusing the accident and emergency facilities is small.

PMID- 4015803
TI  - Head protection for horse riders: a cause for concern.
AB  - We report the frequency with which horse riders with a significant head injury
      present to a large accident and emergency department. We have also recorded
      details about the use of headwear and conclude that horse-riding is associated
      with a serious risk of head injury and 'protective' headwear may not always
      protect.

PMID- 4015804
TI  - The London marathon: 3 years in the running.
AB  - Over the 3 years from 1982 to 1984, a total of 34 patients were seen in the
      Accident and Emergency Department of St Thomas' Hospital, London, as a result of
      the London Marathon. Clinical details are discussed. Considering the number of
      annual runners who take part, the casualties from the finish of this event are
      low. This short report suggests that the 3 years' preparation and organization
      for the finish of the London Marathon were consistently effective.

PMID- 4015805
TI  - Bronchogenic carcinoma presenting as an injured thumb.
AB  - A case of bronchogenic carcinoma presenting as a hand injury is described. The
      difficulties in diagnosis are highlighted. The importance of radiology is
      demonstrated. Palliative surgery is recommended for pain relief.

PMID- 4015806
TI  - Rotational panoramic zonography.

PMID- 4015807
TI  - [Ethical aspects in the publishing of medical periodicals].

PMID- 4015808
TI  - [Values for red blood cells, leukocytes and platelets during the first 8 weeks of
      life at an altitude of 2,650 meters].

PMID- 4015809
TI  - [Epidemiology of bacteremias in a neonatal intensive care unit].

PMID- 4015810
TI  - [Comparative study of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, hydrochlorothiazide and
      chlorpropamide in the treatment of central diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 4015811
TI  - [Postsurgical bleeding caused by carbenicillin].

PMID- 4015812
TI  - [Transient hyperphosphatasemia in infants].

PMID- 4015813
TI  - [Hernia of Grynfeltt's triangle. Presentation of 2 cases].

PMID- 4015814
TI  - [Chronic peritoneal dialysis and social rehabilitation of uremic children in the
      Third World].

PMID- 4015815
TI  - [Reye's syndrome and the administration of acetylsalicylic acid in children].

PMID- 4015816
TI  - [Use of the muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of Reye's syndrome].

PMID- 4015817
TI  - [Persistent ductus arteriosus; classification and study of 24 cases].

PMID- 4015818
TI  - [Prognosis of the child with epilepsy. Follow-up of 398 cases].

PMID- 4015819
TI  - [Normal dimensions determined by ultrasound for the gallbladder and the
      suprahepatic, splenic, inferior cava and portal veins in the child].

PMID- 4015820
TI  - [Traumatic hernia of the diaphragm in children].

PMID- 4015821
TI  - [Pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta secondary to umbilical artery
      catheterization].

PMID- 4015822
TI  - [Maternal nutrition and the growth of the nursing infant].

PMID- 4015823
TI  - Molecular abnormality and cDNA cloning of human aldehyde dehydrogenases.
AB  - Usual human livers contain two major ALDH isozymes, i.e., cytosolic ALDH1 and
      mitochondrial ALDH2, while approximately 50% of Orientals are "atypical" and have
      only the ALDH1 and are missing the ALDH2. Instead, the atypical livers contain an
      enzymatically inactive but immunologically cross-reactive material (CRM)
      corresponding to the ALDH2 component. Some Orientals are found to be atypical
      also in the ALDH1 locus, i.e., they are missing the enzymatically active ALDH1
      but contain a large amount of CRM corresponding to the ALDH1 component. cDNA for
      ALDH1 and that for ALDH2 were cloned and their nucleotide sequences were
      determined. The amino acid sequences of ALDH1 and ALDH2 were deduced from their
      cDNA sequences. The molecular abnormality of the inactive ALDH2(2) is found to be
      the substitution of Glu at the 14th position from the COOH-terminal of the
      protein by Lys which resulted from G----A transition in the gene.

PMID- 4015824
TI  - Subcellular distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in human liver.
AB  - The subcellular distributions of aldehyde dehydrogenase activities towards
      acetaldehyde have been determined in wedge-biopsy samples of human liver. A form
      with Km values of less than 1 microM and 285 microM towards acetaldehyde and NAD+
      respectively was present in the mitochondrial fraction. This enzyme had no
      detectable activity towards N-tele-methylimidazole acetaldehyde, the aldehyde
      derived from the oxidation of N-tele-methylhistamine. The activity in the cytosol
      was more sensitive to inhibition by disulfiram and had Km values of 270 microM
      and 25 microM for acetaldehyde and NAD+, respectively. It was active towards N
      tele-methylimidazole acetaldehyde with a Km value of 2.5 microM and a maximum
      velocity that was 40% of that determined with acetaldehyde. Both these cytosolic
      activities had alkaline pH optima.

PMID- 4015825
TI  - Use of cyanamide to determine localization of acetaldehyde metabolism in rat
      liver.
AB  - Various techniques have been employed previously to show that acetaldehyde is
      primarily oxidized in the mitochondrial matrix of rat liver. In this study, a new
      approach was tested. Mitochondrial low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was
      partially inactivated and the effect on acetaldehyde oxidation measured.
      Cyanamide was chosen as the ALDH inhibitor. An enzymatic activation of cyanamide,
      probably by catalase, was necessary for the drug to inhibit ALDH activity. The
      level of remaining ALDH activity after cyanamide treatment was correlated with
      the ability of either rat liver mitochondria or liver slices to oxidize
      acetaldehyde. Any inhibition of ALDH resulted in a decreased rate of acetaldehyde
      oxidation, indicating that there is no excess of ALDH in the cell above what is
      needed to oxidize acetaldehyde. Approximately 15% of the acetaldehyde
      disappearance at 200 microM was catalyzed by high-Km ALDH, and nearly 30% of the
      acetaldehyde was lost through binding to cytosolic proteins.

PMID- 4015826
TI  - Structure vs. activity in the sulfonylurea-mediated disulfiram-ethanol reaction.
AB  - The oral hypoglycemic agents, chlorpropamide (CP) and tolbutamide (TB) are known
      to elicit a clinical disulfiram-ethanol reaction (DER) when consumed with
      alcohol. In rats, this DER is manifested in vivo by the elevation of blood
      acetaldehyde (AcH) levels, a consequence of the inhibition of hepatic aldehyde
      dehydrogenase (AIDH). Administration of CP or TB to rats (1.0 mmol/kg, IP),
      followed by ethanol one hour before sacrifice, raised blood AcH levels 12- and 2
      times that of control animals, respectively for CP and TB when measured at 3
      hours, and 20-fold and 8-fold at 16 hours post drug administration. CP and TB had
      no effect on AIDH activity when incubated with either intact or osmotically
      disrupted rat liver mitochondria, indicating that a metabolite of CP or TB is
      responsible for the inhibition of AIDH in vivo. Hydrolysis products of CP, the 2'
      hydroxylated products of CP, tolpropamide and tolethamide, or the 3'-hydroxylated
      analogs of CP and tolpropamide, were uniformly inactive in elevating ethanol
      derived blood AcH. Pretreatment of rats with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole or SKF-525A
      had no effect on the elevation of blood AcH mediated by CP or TB, while
      phenobarbital pretreatment decreased blood AcH by 69%. Although our results
      clearly indicated that side chain hydroxylation and subsequent oxidation do not
      play a role in AIDH inhibition by CP or TB, the nature of the side chain attached
      to the sulfonylurea moiety appears to influence this inhibitory activity in vivo.
      Thus, the order of activity in the homologous series was, chlorpropamide greater
      than chlorbutamide greater than chlorethamide much greater than chlormethamide,
      chlorisopropamide = 0.

PMID- 4015827
TI  - Differential effects of ethanol on two synaptic membrane Ca2+ transport systems.
AB  - The Na+-Ca2+ exchange activity in synaptic plasma membranes is inhibited by very
      low concentrations of ethanol (less than 25 mM). The high affinity Mg2+- and ATP
      dependent Ca2+ transport in highly purified synaptic membranes is much less
      sensitive to inhibition by ethanol, with no statistically significant inhibition
      observed until an ethanol concentration of nearly 800 mM was used. Manipulations
      of the lipid environment designed to increase membrane fluidity enhanced the
      activity of the Na+-Ca2+ exchange system but inhibited the ATP-dependent Ca2+
      pump. The differential responses of the two synaptic plasma membrane Ca2+
      transporting systems to such modifications of membrane structure suggest that
      these two ion transport processes differ in the extent to which their activity is
      dependent on the lipid microenvironment in which they reside. Thus, the effects
      of ethanol on the Na+-Ca2+ antiporter may represent a fairly selective inhibitory
      process.

PMID- 4015828
TI  - Alterations in Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent release of catecholamines in
      preparations of rat brain produced by ethanol treatment in vivo.
AB  - Compared to preparations from control animals, superfused striatal slice
      preparations from brains of rats treated chronically with ethanol released a
      significantly greater fraction of stored [3H] dopamine on depolarisation in 40 mM
      K+. Similarly, the electrically-evoked release of [3H]-norepinephrine from
      cortical slices and of [3H]-dopamine from striatal slices is also increased,
      although with this mechanism of depolarisation the change is significant only in
      the case of [3H] norepinephrine release. In contrast to this tendency to
      enhancement of Ca2+-dependent depolarisation-induced release, a reduced fraction
      of stored [3H]-catecholamines was released from these preparations by the
      indirect sympathomimetics tyramine and (+)-amphetamine. The catecholamine release
      induced by these indirect sympathomimetics is largely independent of external
      Ca2+ and the results are interpreted as suggesting that chronic alcohol treatment
      changes the distribution of catecholamine neurotransmitters between storage pools
      in the nerve terminal which do or do not require Ca2+ entry for release.

PMID- 4015829
TI  - Alcohol and the calcium-dependent potassium transport of human erythrocytes.
AB  - In vitro exposure of human red blood cells to ethanol (100 and 400 mM) was found
      to increase the initial rate of calcium-dependent potassium efflux through the
      red cell membrane. This effect of ethanol was apparently not due to an elevation
      of the intracellular free calcium but rather to a direct action of the drug on
      the transport process as, (1) intracellular calcium concentrations were tightly
      buffered with EGTA, (2) ethanol did not alter the efflux of 45Ca from the cells,
      and (3) dantrolene, which has been proposed to counteract the effect of ethanol
      on intracellular calcium levels in the erythrocyte, did not inhibit the
      stimulatory action of ethanol. The efflux of potassium from erythrocytes obtained
      from chronic alcoholics was not different from that of erythrocytes from non
      alcoholic individuals. The relationship of these findings to neuronal potassium
      transport is discussed.

PMID- 4015830
TI  - The effect of ethanol and calcium on fluid state of plasma membranes of rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Basolateral (blLPM) and canalicular (cLPM) plasma membrane vesicles were isolated
      from rat liver to compare membrane fluidity, fluidity responses to membrane
      perturbants, and the relationship between fluidity and a membrane protein
      function such as carrier-mediated taurocholate transport. Membrane fluidity was
      measured by fluorescence polarization using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as a
      probe. Uptake of [3H] taurocholate was measured by a rapid Millipore filtration
      technique. blLPM were more fluid than cLPM. Ethanol produced a concentration
      dependent fluidizing effect on both membrane preparations, the change being
      greater in blLPM. Incubation with calcium for 2 hr at 37 degrees C rendered both
      membrane preparations more rigid, again the cLPM being more resistant to
      perturbation. There was a linear correlation between an increase in membrane
      fluidity and inhibition of taurocholate uptake into blLPM in the presence of
      increasing concentrations of ethanol. The data support the concept that membrane
      lipid fluidity is an important regulator of membrane protein functions and hence
      also of overall cellular activity.

PMID- 4015831
TI  - Effect of ethanol on fatty acid metabolism in cultured hepatocytes: dependency on
      incubation time and fatty acid concentration.
AB  - In a previous report it was shown that ethanol increases the rate of accumulation
      of triacylglycerol by 90% in hepatocytes in primary culture. This represents the
      first known suitable model for in vitro studies of the ethanol-induced fatty
      liver. The biochemical alterations causing this accumulation of triacylglycerol
      remain to be elucidated, however. In the present report it is shown that (1) the
      effect of ethanol exhibits a time lag of 6-9 hours (2) the increment in the
      content of triacylglycerol caused by ethanol is increased by increased
      concentrations of fatty acids (3) the fatty acid uptake is not affected by
      ethanol (4) fatty acid synthesis is inhibited 20% by ethanol (5) the contents of
      diacylglycerol and phospholipids are not affected by ethanol (6) addition of
      ethanol increases the cytosolic and mitochondrial redox levels. It is concluded
      that ethanol is likely to exert its effect on the accumulation of triacylglycerol
      by redistributing fatty acids between oxidation and triacylglycerol synthesis
      and/or between storage and secretion of triacylglycerol.

PMID- 4015832
TI  - Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on male Syrian hamster hepatic, microsomal
      mixed-function oxidases.
AB  - Chronic alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of drug
      interactions. We have described its effects on hamster microsomal monooxygenases.
      Male Syrian hamsters (85 g) were given 10% ethanol in water and food ad lib for
      up to 6 weeks. Microsomal electron transport components and metabolism of
      ethylmorphine, benzphetamine, aniline, and acetaminophen were measured. At 4
      weeks, SDS-PAGE of ethanol microsomes showed an induced band with an Mr of 53,900
      daltons and there was a 2-3 fold stimulation of aniline and acetaminophen
      metabolism. Cytochrome P-450 increase was not significant. For the six week
      period, Caloric intake (3 weeks, p less than 0.001), liquid consumption (3 weeks,
      p less than 0.05) and body weights (6 weeks, p less than 0.05) of ethanol animals
      were significantly greater than controls; kidney weights were significantly less
      (p less than 0.05). Ethanol consumption increased from 20% of the daily caloric
      intake (week 1) to 31% (week 6). Induction of specific substrate metabolism
      without apparent deleterious physiological changes establishes hamsters fed 10%
      ethanol in drinking water as a biochemical model for the study of chronic alcohol
      consumption and specific drug interactions.

PMID- 4015833
TI  - Comparative effects of short chain alcohols on lipid phase transitions.
AB  - We have been systematically investigating the physical interactions of alcohols
      with synthetic lipids in order to elucidate the mechanisms of alcohol
      intoxication. It has previously been shown that the effects of ethanol on the
      phase transition temperatures of saturated chain phosphatidylcholines (PC's) are
      biphasic [11]. The secondary high concentration effect has recently been shown to
      be due to a transition to a new completely interdigitated state [16]. In the
      present report we have investigated the influence of the chain length of the
      alcohol on the induction of this interdigitated state. We demonstrate that all
      three alcohols have a biphasic effect on the transition temperature of PC, and
      the comparison of the concentration dependencies of this effect for the three
      alcohols provides some insight into the possible mechanism of the transition. The
      potential biological importance of this secondary alcohol-membrane interaction is
      discussed.

PMID- 4015835
TI  - Role of alcohol P-450-oxygenase (APO) in microsomal ethanol oxidation.
AB  - The form of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 induced by chronic administration
      of ethanol to rabbits, designated as P-450ALC or P-450 isozyme 3a, has been
      purified to homogeneity as judged by several criteria, including NH2- and COOH
      terminal amino acid sequence determination. The reconstituted alcohol-P-450
      oxygenase (APO) system containing P-450ALC and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase
      catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of primary and secondary alcohols to
      aldehydes and ketones, including methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, 2
      butanol, n-pentanol, and cyclohexanol. Other purified P-450 cytochromes,
      including isozymes 2, 3b, 3c, 4, and 6, are much less active than P-450ALC in the
      oxidation of alcohols. That P-450ALC functions in ethanol oxidation in liver
      microsomal membranes as well as in the reconstituted system was shown by
      immunochemical experiments involving inhibition by sheep anti-P-450ALC
      antibodies. We conclude that P-450ALC is the predominant ethanol-oxidizing
      cytochrome present after induction by chronic alcohol administration and that the
      other P-450 cytochromes have low but significant activity in both control and
      ethanol-induced animals.

PMID- 4015834
TI  - Phosphatidylinositol composition in pancreas and submaxillary gland of ethanol
      fed rats.
AB  - The possibility that changes in the stimulus-secretion coupling are involved in
      the etiology of pancreatitis was investigated by analysis of the molecular
      composition of the phosphatidylinositols in pancreas of rats fed a liquid ethanol
      containing diet and pair-fed controls. The arachidonoyl-containing
      phosphatidylinositols were about half as abundant in the ethanol-fed rats.
      Opposite differences were seen for the major species containing linoleoyl, oleoyl
      or stearoyl groups at C-2. Ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation did not seem to be
      involved, since carbon tetrachloride administration had no effect on the
      composition. In the submaxillary gland, that has a similar stimulus-secretion
      coupling, the arachidonoyl-containing phosphatidylinositols constituted about a
      25% smaller fraction in the ethanol-fed rats. Dexamethasone administration did
      not change the effect. Possibly, decreased secretory response in these glands in
      ethanol-fed rats is caused by the change in phosphatidylinositol composition.

PMID- 4015836
TI  - Effect of ethanol on the microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity in
      glutathione-depleted rat liver.
AB  - Depletion of hepatic glutathione in male rats by starvation caused a significant
      increase in microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity, which was not affected
      by acute ethanol pretreatment. An additional depletion in fasted rats by
      diethylmaleate (0.5 g/kg) caused a further increase in the enzyme activity, but
      this increase was delayed in ethanol intoxicated rats. Although ethanol caused a
      small increase in hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation in control animals, this
      effect of ethanol was not observed in diethylmaleate treated rats and thus was
      apparently not responsible for the delay in enzyme activation. It is suggested
      that the activation of microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity towards 1
      chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in glutathione-depleted rat liver may be produced by
      changes in thiol/disulfid ratio and/or some reactive oxygen species.

PMID- 4015837
TI  - Hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutases after acute ethanol administration in
      rats.
AB  - The administration of an acute ethanol load (2.3 g/kg, IP) to rats is followed by
      a decrease of the hepatic activity of cytosolic catalase, a decrease which
      precedes a reduction in the cytosolic Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.
      Desferrioxamine, an iron chelator and scavenger of superoxide radicals,
      administered prior to ethanol, prevents the changes in the cytosolic catalase
      activity, changes which are unaffected by the administration of allopurinol, an
      inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. These data favour the hypothesis that acute
      ethanol results in an overproduction of oxygen free radicals which affects
      primarily the cytosolic catalase activity and increases hereby susceptibility of
      Cu, Zn-SOD to these radicals. They suggest also that xanthine oxidase does not
      play a major role in oxygen radical production in the liver cytosol during acute
      alcohol intoxication.

PMID- 4015838
TI  - Some unexplained features of hepatic ethanol oxidation.
AB  - Ethanol is an excellent substrate for the liver, competing effectively for
      oxidation with other substrates such as fatty acids. Using isolated liver cells
      from fed and starved rats, we have found that ethanol strongly inhibits Krebs
      cycle oxidations, so that the combustion through the cycle of acetyl CoA, derived
      from fatty acids, is reduced more than 50%. In contrast, fatty acid beta
      oxidation to acetyl CoA is inhibited only 20% in fed and fasted states. Ethanol
      was not antiketogenic. In the fed state, octanoate but not palmitate inhibited
      ethanol oxidation whereas in cells from fasted rats palmitate inhibited ethanol
      oxidation. Gluconeogenesis from lactate was reduced 50% in hepatocytes from
      fasted rats but oxygen consumption was unaffected. This paradoxical maintenance
      of oxygen consumption in a state where the only overt need for ATP synthesis is
      depressed, suggests that ethanol oxidation may not be exclusively coupled to ATP
      synthesis but also can be linked to other energy transducing processes.

PMID- 4015839
TI  - Biochemical and genetic studies on mouse aldehyde dehydrogenases.
AB  - Aldehyde dehydrogenase (AHD) exists as isozymes which are differentially
      distributed among tissues and subcellular fractions of mouse tissues. Genetic
      variants for liver mitochondrial (AHD-1) and cytoplasmic (AHD-2) isozymes have
      been used to map the responsible loci (Ahd-1 and Ahd-2) on chromosomes 4 and 19
      respectively. Evidence for a regulatory locus (Ahd-3r) controlling the
      inducibility of the mouse liver microsomal isozyme (AHD-3) has also been
      obtained. More recent studies have described genetic and biochemical evidence for
      three additional AHD isozymes: a stomach isozyme (AHD-4); another liver
      mitochondrial enzyme (AHD-5); and a testis isozyme (AHD-6). Genetic analyses have
      indicated that AHD-4 and AHD-6 are encoded by distinct but closely linked loci on
      the mouse genome (Ahd-4 and Ahd-6), which segregate independently of Ahd-1 and
      Ahd-2. Liver mitochondrial isozymes, AHD-1 and AHD-5, have been purified to
      homogeneity using affinity chromatography. The very high affinity of AHD-5 for
      acetaldehyde suggests that this enzyme is predominantly responsible for
      acetaldehyde oxidation in mouse liver mitochondria.

PMID- 4015840
TI  - Biochemical genetic analysis of human and rodent aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).
AB  - ALDH isozymes have been characterized in terms of substrate and coenzyme
      specificity, heat stability, tissue distribution and electrophoretic properties.
      The activity of the isozymes has also been examined in rodent-human somatic cell
      hybrids in order to map the structural genes to specific chromosomes and to study
      the control of gene expression. One isozyme, designated ALDH3, which is very
      active against benzaldehyde, was found to show variable expression in hybrids
      made between rat hepatoma cells and human fibroblasts or fetal liver. Segregation
      analysis of these hybrids indicates that the structural locus for human ALDH3 may
      be on chromosome 17. The expression of rodent ALDH3 in these hybrids was
      extremely variable and not correlated with the appearance of the human enzyme. In
      hybrids expressing human and rodent ALDH3 no heteromeric isozymes were observed.
      The human "cytosolic" ALDH1 and "mitochondrial" ALDH2 isozymes did not appear to
      be expressed in any of the somatic cell hybrids examined.

PMID- 4015841
TI  - Ethanol feeding can produce secondary alterations in aldehyde dehydrogenase
      isozymes.
AB  - Depressed hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity levels have been
      observed in alcoholics, but whether the deficit is primary or secondary in nature
      remains controversial. In this study, we examined liver ALDH in rodent (rat) and
      primate (baboon) animal models pair-fed nutritionally adequate ethanol or
      isocaloric carbohydrate containing liquid diets. Both species show qualitative
      changes in ALDH isozymes after ethanol consumption. The changes include
      alterations in isozyme patterns seen upon electrofocusing and decreased
      responsiveness to the ALDH inhibitor, disulfiram. The subcellular locus of most
      of the changes is cytosolic in the baboon and mitochondrial in the rat. Study of
      partially purified (enriched) baboon cytosolic ALDH confirmed changes seen in the
      original cytosols and kinetic characterization of the enriched enzyme revealed a
      9-fold higher Km for acetaldehyde in ALDH from an ethanol treated animal. We note
      that qualitative and quantitative changes secondary to ethanol treatment in the
      primate model closely parallel those described in human alcoholics.

PMID- 4015842
TI  - Modification of thiol groups in cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase.
AB  - It is proposed that cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase possesses a pair of
      important reactive thiol groups, A and B. Group A is labelled by disulfiram and
      the enzyme is inactivated; subsequently group B displaces the dithiocarbamate
      label and an enzymic disulphide is formed. On the other hand, it appears that
      group B is labelled by 2,2'-dithiodipyridine resulting in activation of the
      enzyme. Again, the label (2-thiopyridone) is later displaced, this time
      presumably by group A, giving rise to loss of enzymic activity and formation of
      the same disulphide species as is produced by disulfiram. Methyl
      diethylthiocarbamyl disulphide and methyl 2-pyridyl disulphide supply the same
      label (MeS-) but the first compound inactivates the enzyme while the second
      activates it. It is concluded that the first of these reagents modifies group A
      and the second group B. It appears that methyl 4-pyridyl disulphide may react non
      specifically with both groups A and B. Group A is a possible candidate for a
      catalytically essential nucleophile in the actions of aldehyde dehydrogenase.

PMID- 4015843
TI  - A drug discrimination analysis of ethanol-induced behavioral excitation and
      sedation: the role of endogenous opiate pathways.
AB  - The drug discrimination technique was used to characterize the biphasic
      behavioral effects of ethanol (ETOH) and examine the role of opiate pathways in
      mediating ETOH's excitatory (EX) and sedative (SED) phase effects. Forty Sprague
      Dawley rats were trained to perform ETOH vs. saline discriminations during either
      ETOH's EX (6 min post-dose) or SED (30 min post-dose) phase of action in a double
      lever food reinforced operant paradigm. After animals had achieved the required
      performance criterion, dose-response and phase-generalization tests were
      conducted in each group. In addition, preliminary studies were conducted to
      examine the effect of naloxone (NLX) pretreatment on discrimination of ETOH's EX
      and SED phase stimulus effects. Results of generalization testing demonstrate
      that discrimination of ETOH was dose-dependent and there was no generalization
      between phases regardless of the initial training condition. NLX pretreatment
      significantly attenuated discrimination of ETOH's EX phase effects but was
      ineffective in antagonizing ETOH's SED effects. These data demonstrate that the
      stimulus properties of ETOH are phase-dependent and suggest that opiate pathways
      are critical for the expression of ETOH's EX phase behavioral effects.

PMID- 4015844
TI  - Cross-tolerance between ethanol and chlordiazepoxide.
AB  - Drug-induced hypothermia was used to investigate drug tolerance and cross
      tolerance. C57BL/6J mice, which were injected with a single dose of
      chlordiazepoxide (CDP; 30 mg/kg) one day before and reinjected with an equivalent
      dose of CDP the next day, did not develop tolerance to the drug. However, ethanol
      pretreated (3.5 g/kg, 24 hr earlier) mice, when injected with CDP (30 mg/kg),
      showed cross-tolerance to CDP. The cross-tolerance was short-lived (less than 48
      hr). On the other hand, CDP-pretreated mice (30 mg/kg, 24 hr earlier) did not
      show cross-tolerance to ethanol. The lack of a reciprocating effect of CDP
      pretreatment was not likely to be due to the difference in initial dosage between
      ethanol and CDP. It may be due to different rates of tolerance development or
      different mechanisms of actions between CDP and ethanol. Mice chronically treated
      with ethanol also showed a similar degree of cross-tolerance to CDP compared to
      those exposed to an acute dose of ethanol.

PMID- 4015845
TI  - Perforant pathway lamination in the dentate gyrus is unaffected by prenatal
      ethanol exposure.
AB  - The entorhinal (perforant path) projection to the dentate gyrus was labeled with
      an anterograde horseradish peroxidase method to test whether prenatal exposure to
      ethanol affected the normal development of afferent lamination. Mean ethanol
      consumption of the ethanol-consuming dams was 12.7 g/kg +/- 0.3 g per day during
      days 1-21 of gestation. Adult offspring of normal and pair-fed controls as well
      as ethanol-exposed rats were analyzed. Computer-assisted image analysis of the
      entorhinal terminal field organization revealed no permanent changes in the
      development of the afferent lamination pattern in the dentate gyrus molecular
      layer in spite of the heavy in utero ethanol exposure.

PMID- 4015846
TI  - Basal firing rate of rat locus coeruleus neurons affects sensitivity to ethanol.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from spontaneously active rat locus coeruleus
      (LC) neurons in a totally submerged brain slice preparation. Bath application of
      ethanol (ETOH) (1-60 mM) inhibited the spontaneous firing of LC neurons. These
      ETOH concentrations are equal to or below ETOH concentrations found in the brain
      during mild to moderate intoxication. The basal frequency of spontaneous firing
      of LC neurons ranged from 0.4-7 Hz. For 9 LC neurons which showed complete block
      of firing by ETOH, the latency to block was found to be directly related to the
      logarithm of the firing rate (correlation coefficient 0.94). This relationship
      was not secondary to a relationship between membrane potential and latency to
      block since for the same 9 neurons, membrane potential and latency to block were
      not significantly correlated. We conclude that the basal firing rate of a neuron
      can affect its sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of ETOH.

PMID- 4015847
TI  - Ethanol increases rat liver tryptophan oxygenase: evidence for corticosterone
      mediation.
AB  - Acute administration of ethanol (4.0 g/kg) intragastrically or intraperitoneally
      induced rat liver tryptophan oxygenase (TO) activity 3-4 fold 4-5 hr later.
      Ethanol administration increased the concentration of plasma free tryptophan and
      free fatty acids. Pretreatment with a beta-receptor blocker, propranolol,
      modified the latter responses without affecting the TO induction due to ethanol.
      The rise of the level of plasma free tryptophan due to ethanol was too small to
      influence TO activity. Liver tryptophan concentration and TO half-life was
      unchanged after ethanol administration. Ethanol administration increased the
      concentration of plasma corticosterone sufficiently to increase TO activity.
      Pretreatment with a glucocorticoid antagonist blocked this TO response to
      ethanol. The increased TO activities found after ethanol or corticosterone
      treatment were influenced in the same manner and to the same extent by
      cycloheximide. Taken together it is concluded that ethanol induces TO through a
      rise of glucocorticoid hormones and not by a tryptophan-linked mechanism.

PMID- 4015848
TI  - Temperature modulates ethanol sensitivity in mice: generality across strain and
      sex.
AB  - Findings in our laboratory indicate that body temperature alters ethanol potency
      as measured by sleep-time, wake-up brain ethanol concentration and mortality in
      male C57BL/6J mice. The current studies tested the generality of these results.
      Experiment one tested age-matched, drug-naive, male C57BL/6S and BALB/cS mice.
      Experiment two tested age-matched, drug-naive, male and female C57BL/6J mice.
      Each mouse was injected IP with 3.6 g/kg ethanol (20% w/v). After losing its
      righting reflex, the mouse was placed into a v-shaped sleep tray within a chamber
      kept at a designated temperature from 12 to 36 degrees C. Upon awakening, rectal
      temperature was measured and blood and brain samples were taken for gas
      chromatographic analysis. As in previous studies, ambient temperature modulated
      the body temperatures and sleep-times of intoxicated animals. More important,
      wake-up rectal temperatures were positively correlated with sleep-times and
      negatively correlated with wake-up ethanol concentrations in all animals tested.
      These results support the hypothesis that brain sensitivity to ethanol depression
      varies with body temperature in accordance with membrane perturbation theories of
      anesthesia.

PMID- 4015850
TI  - Dynamic aspects on acute tolerance to hexobarbital evaluated with an anesthesia
      threshold.
AB  - Induction of acute tolerance was studied with hexobarbital in male rats. A
      threshold technique utilizing an EEG-criterion consisting of a burst suppression
      of 1 second or more (the SS) was used both to induce and maintain anesthesia.
      Hexobarbital was infused with an optimal dose rate of 15 mg/kg/min. The infusion
      was stopped at the criterion and restarted when no SS had been seen for 1 min.
      The doses of hexobarbital needed to maintain anesthesia were fairly constant
      around 3.5 mg/kg/min up to durations of 120 min which indicates that
      redistribution of hexobarbital is of minor importance in the present experiments.
      After different predetermined times of this fairly stable anesthesia, the rats
      were sacrificed, and concentrations in the cortex of the brain were determined
      with a HPLC-method. Maximal induction of acute tolerance was seen as a 45 percent
      increase in cortex concentration after 60 min of anesthesia, but already after 10
      min a slight acute tolerance was recorded.

PMID- 4015849
TI  - Ethanol does not increase lethality due to propoxyphene in rats.
AB  - Male Wistar rats (210-330 g) were used as test animals. Propoxyphene (175 mg/kg)
      and ethanol (2 g/kg) were administered by gastric intubation, naloxone (2 mg/kg)
      by subcutaneous injection. Four groups, each consisting of 19 rats received
      either of the following drug treatments: Propoxyphene; ethanol + propoxyphene;
      naloxone + propoxyphene; and naloxone + ethanol + propoxyphene. The drugs were
      given in the sequence mentioned at the beginning of the experiment. Naloxone was
      also given 45 and 90 min later. Mortality was reduced to 42% in the group that
      received ethanol and propoxyphene as compared to 73% in the group that received
      propoxyphene only. Naloxone protected against lethality in both groups. A rise in
      the propoxyphene/norpropoxyphene (P/N) ratio due to an increase in the absolute
      concentrations of propoxyphene and a decrease in the absolute levels of
      norpropoxyphene in blood, brain and heart tissues was observed in the ethanol +
      propoxyphene group, compared to the propoxyphene group. Although these
      pharmacokinetic data indicate impaired propoxyphene metabolism in the presence of
      ethanol, ethanol did not enhance propoxyphene induced lethality. This is also
      contrary to suggestions from previous studies. Our results demonstrate that at
      least in one species and at one dose ratio (ethanol/propoxyphene) ethanol might
      reduce the lethality caused by propoxyphene alone. This suggests antagonism
      between the two drugs, probably in the central nervous system.

PMID- 4015851
TI  - Comparison of ballooned hepatocytes in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver injury
      in rats.
AB  - Ballooned hepatocytes are commonly observed in alcoholic and sometimes in non
      alcoholic liver diseases. To clarify whether pathogenesis of this change is
      different in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases, changes of the livers in
      rats fed alcohol with pyrazole for 12 weeks were compared with those of CCl4
      treated rats. Both groups of rats showed marked ballooning of the hepatocytes in
      the centrolobular area. Immunohistochemically, the ballooned hepatocytes in
      alcohol-pyrazole treated rats reacted strongly with transferrin and albumin
      staining. However, staining reaction of the ballooned hepatocytes in the CCl4
      treated rats was slight. In alcohol-pyrazole treated rats, hepatic microtubules
      were significantly decreased. Retention of transferrin and albumin were found
      only in the ballooned hepatocytes of alcohol-pyrazole treated rats. However, in
      the CCl4 treated rats, neither microtubular alteration nor retention of the
      exportable proteins was observed. These findings indicate that the pathogenesis
      of ballooning of hepatocytes is different in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver
      injuries. In alcoholic liver injury, microtubular alteration may lead to
      retention of protein and ballooning of hepatocytes by interfering with the
      hepatic secretion of proteins.

PMID- 4015852
TI  - Effect of ethanol and aging on histamine release and membranes of mast cells.
AB  - The effects of ethanol on histamine release from mast cells were compared to
      ethanol's effects on membrane order of mast cell membranes and synaptosomes in
      young (6 month) and old (24 month) Fischer 344 rats. Concanavalin A (con A)
      stimulated histamine release in a concentration dependent manner. Ethanol (10-500
      mM) inhibited con A stimulated release while having no effect on nonstimulated
      release in both young and old rats. Ethanol's effect on membrane order of
      synaptosomes and mast cell plasma membranes was estimated by measuring the
      fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene. Ethanol (10-500 mM) decreased
      the polarization of synaptosomes to the same degree in young and old rats. The
      polarization of mast cell membranes was also decreased by ethanol but to a
      greater degree than synaptosomes. The ethanol induced changes in polarization
      correlated (r2 = 0.99) with ethanol's inhibition of con A stimulated histamine
      release from mast cells. These findings suggest that mast cells may be more
      sensitive to membrane disordering by ethanol than synaptosomes. In addition, we
      have demonstrated that mast cells may be a useful model system for studying
      ethanol effects on stimulus-secretion coupling. No differences were found between
      rats 6 and 24 months for histamine release (with or without ethanol) or membrane
      order of mast cells or synaptosomes.

PMID- 4015853
TI  - Effects of the maternal consumption of alcohol on alcohol selection in rats.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of the maternal
      administration of alcohol on alcohol selection in the adult offspring. Female
      Wistar rats were pair-fed liquid diets containing either alcohol (6.7% or 4% v/v)
      or isocaloric carbohydrates starting on day 1 of gestation. The litters were
      culled to 6 and the pups placed with non-alcohol treated surrogate mothers until
      they were weaned. At 45 days of age all rats were tested for two-choice selection
      of 10% (v/v) ethanol vs. water. Consumption from both drinking tubes was recorded
      for 30 days and selection ratios for alcohol per total fluid volume were
      calculated. In all conditions a significant increase in alcohol selection was
      observed across the 30 day test period. These data indicate that prenatal
      exposure to alcohol may play a part in subsequent selection of alcohol, at least
      initially. However, the mother's alcohol treatment did not significantly
      influence the offspring's selection of alcohol over the 30 day test period.
      Alcohol selection by an individual may be, at least in part, determined by the
      mother's consumption of alcohol during gestation.

PMID- 4015854
TI  - The influence of infantile handling, age and strain on alcohol selection in mice.
AB  - Male mice from three inbred strains (C57B1/10J, BALB/cJ and C3H/2lbg) were
      assigned to infantile handling or control conditions. In a cross-sectional
      developmental design, handled and control mice were tested for two-choice
      selection of 10% (v/v) ethanol vs. tap water at 60, 90 or 120 days of age. The
      volume of fluid consumed from both tubes was recorded for fifteen days. In 60 day
      old mice, handling produced a trend toward increased total fluid consumption in
      the C57 mice and a trend toward increased ethanol selection in the BALBs. In 90
      day old mice, there were trends noted toward handling-related decreased fluid
      consumption in BALBs. Also noted was a trend toward handling related increased
      ethanol selection in C57 mice. In 120 day old mice, a handling-related increase
      in alcohol selection was noted in the C3H strain.

PMID- 4015856
TI  - Brain ALDH as a possible modulator of voluntary ethanol intake.
AB  - The relationship between voluntary ethanol intake and brain aldehyde
      dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was investigated in the laboratory rat. Voluntary
      ethanol intake was compared to subcellular forms of brain ALDH. Mitochondrial,
      microsomal and cytosolic fractions were prepared and recovered ALDH activity of
      each form was compared to voluntary ethanol intake in Long Evans rats. Strong
      correlations were found between both mitochondrial and microsomal ALDH fractions
      and ethanol intake. No activity was observed in cytosolic fraction as measured
      with aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes. In addition, microsomal activity was
      detected with aromatic aldehydes only, whereas the mitochondrial form would
      oxidize both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.

PMID- 4015855
TI  - A correlation between voluntary ethanol consumption and brain catalase activity
      in the rat.
AB  - The relationship between voluntary ethanol consumption and brain catalase
      activity was investigated in male Long Evans rats. In the first study, rats which
      were voluntarily consuming alcohol or water for 25 days were sacrificed by
      decapitation immediately (group A) or 15 days (group B) following withdrawal of
      alcohol and their brains analysed for catalase activity. Mean brain catalase
      activity did not differ among the two groups of rats exposed to ethanol and the
      ones exposed to water only. Furthermore, there were significant positive
      correlations between individual voluntary ethanol intake and catalase activity in
      both groups, (group A:r = .69, p less than or equal to 0.05; group B:r = .54, p
      less than or equal to 0.05). In the second study, rats were forced to drink high
      levels of ethanol presented as the only source of fluid for 25 days. Rats were
      sacrificed and brain, liver, muscle and heart tissue were extracted and analysed
      for catalase activity. There were no differences in mean brain catalase activity
      between water and forced ethanol drinking rats indicating that the enzyme was not
      inducible by high volume ethanol consumption. The results suggest that inherent
      differences in brain catalase activity may be one of the factors in determining
      an animal's propensity to voluntarily consume ethanol.

PMID- 4015857
TI  - [Alcohol and insurance protection].

PMID- 4015858
TI  - [Blood sugar in alcoholic intoxication].

PMID- 4015859
TI  - [Involvement of chronic alcoholics in road traffic].

PMID- 4015860
TI  - [Alcohol kinetics and constitution types with special reference to its
      modification by food intake. Experimental studies using parenteral alcohol
      administration].

PMID- 4015861
TI  - [Driver's license regulations in the light of the criminal justice compensation
      law].

PMID- 4015862
TI  - [Criteria for environmental hygiene protection in the industrial production of
      antitumor agents].

PMID- 4015863
TI  - [The stability in light of a drop formulation of nifedipine in conditions of
      therapeutic use].

PMID- 4015864
TI  - Spectrophotometric study of drugs containing the 1,4-diazepine-2-thione group.

PMID- 4015865
TI  - [New beta-chloroethyl derivatives of compounds with interesting pharmacokinetic
      properties].

PMID- 4015866
TI  - [Determination of (trans)-1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)
      piperazine dihydrochloride with HPLC].

PMID- 4015867
TI  - In vitro metabolic activation in genotoxicity assays with mammalian cell
      cultures.

PMID- 4015868
TI  - [Synthesis and antibacterial activity of azomethino and aminomethyl derivatives
      of 2,7-dimethoxyquinolin-3-carboxaldehyde].

PMID- 4015869
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of coenzyme Q10 in patients with congestive heart failure].

PMID- 4015870
TI  - [Comparison of blood levels of oxytetracycline in rabbits treated with a long
      acting veterinary formulation and a conventional one].

PMID- 4015871
TI  - Effects of eye movements on the recognition and localization of dichotic stimuli.
AB  - Three experiments examined the effect of gaze shifts on overall performance and
      ear differences in dichotic listening. In the first two experiments, lights were
      switched on and off so as to induce rightward, leftward, or upward gaze during
      dichotic stimulation. The dichotic material consisted of musical passages in
      Experiment 1 and two kinds of verbal material in Experiment 2. Vertical eye
      movements enhanced the accuracy of identification of music but not verbal
      material. The lateral direction of eye movements affected subjects' ability to
      localize targets in Experiment 1: localization was more accurate in the direction
      toward which subjects were looking. In the third experiment it was found that
      optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) influenced the asymmetry of performance on a dichotic
      consonant-vowel (CV) test. The right-ear advantage was greatest when the OKN drum
      rotated from left to right and least when it rotated from right to left. The
      effect was due to corresponding variation in left-ear scores. Possible mechanisms
      through which shifts of gaze affect auditory identification and localization are
      proposed.

PMID- 4015872
TI  - Induced lateral orientation and persuasibility.
AB  - It was hypothesized from three different lines of evidence that relative
      activation of the left cerebral hemisphere of right-handers would increase
      resistance to a persuasive message as compared to relative activation of the
      right hemisphere. An experiment was performed using 22 subjects who heard the
      counterattitudinal message in only one ear and filled in response measures while
      their body was turned toward that same side. Subjects who listened and turned
      toward the left agreed more with the views of the message (p less than .05) and
      produced more thought favorable to the message (p less than .05) than those
      induced to orient rightward. It was concluded that these results may be due to
      asymmetries in selective attention, counterarguing, consistency, self-awareness,
      and perseveration between the cerebral hemispheres of the normal human brain.

PMID- 4015873
TI  - Motor and cognitive interference effects on unimanual tapping rates.
AB  - Experiments conducted on both normal and disordered populations have led to the
      hypothesis that the left hemisphere's specialization for language results from
      its control over motor activities. This control is reflected in the lateralized
      disruption of manual activity during cerebral time-sharing tasks. Recent studies
      have challenged this hypothesis, stating that the interference effects reflect
      both cognitive and motor mechanisms in the left hemisphere. This experiment
      investigates whether the left hemisphere's control over speech involves both of
      these components or is purely motor. The question was examined by measuring the
      effect of concurrent hemispheric activity on single-finger tapping rates. Forty
      subjects tapped under two conditions: speaking and listening. The data show there
      may be both motor and cognitive mechanisms involved in left-hemisphere control.

PMID- 4015874
TI  - Perceptual asymmetries in face recognition.
AB  - Four experiments were carried out to investigate perceptual asymmetries in face
      recognition. Perceptual asymmetries favoring the half-face on the observer's left
      were found under free viewing conditions for both unfamiliar faces (Experiment 1)
      and famous faces (Experiment 3). For unfamiliar faces, this asymmetry was not
      obtained when fixation was controlled by presenting faces tachistoscopically
      (Experiment 2). For famous faces, the perceptual asymmetry favoring the half-face
      normally seen on the left did not appear to be retained in memory (Experiments 3
      and 4). Asymmetries in face perception have been explained in terms of a direct
      access model of laterally effects. However, these results raise the possibility
      that asymmetric scanning or attentional factors may be important.

PMID- 4015875
TI  - Spatial-frequency-dependent visible persistence and specific reading disability.
AB  - Visible persistence duration for sine-wave gratings was measured in 9-year-old
      normal and specific-reading-disabled children. Experiment 1 investigated the
      influence of stimulus duration on visible persistence. The results demonstrated a
      Reading Group X Spatial Frequency interaction with disabled readers showing a
      smaller increase in persistence duration with increasing spatial frequency than
      controls. This interaction was greatest with stimulus durations longer than 80
      msec. In Experiments 2a and 2b persistence was measured across a range of
      contrasts from .1 to .5. The stimulus durations employed were 100 msec in
      Experiment 2a and 300 msec in Experiment 2b. In both experiments, increasing
      contrast decreased persistence duration at 2 and 12 cycles per degree (c/deg) for
      the control group. In the specific-reading-disabled group, however, contrast had
      little effect on the persistence of 2-c/deg gratings in either experiment. In
      Experiment 2a the persistence of the 12-c/deg grating decreased with increasing
      contrast for both groups. In Experiment 2b contrast had significantly less effect
      on persistence duration in the specific-reading-disabled group, however, contrast
      had little effect on the persistence of 2-c/deg ratings in either experiment. In
      Experiment 2b contrast had significantly less effect on persistence duration in
      the specific-reading-disabled group than in the control group at 12 c/deg.
      Consequently, contrast had less effect on persistence in specific-reading
      disabled children than in normal readers, especially at durations longer than the
      "critical duration" for each spatial frequency. Experiment 3 extended this
      finding to gratings with spatial frequencies of 4 and 8 c/deg. These results
      indicate a difference between normal and specific-reading-disabled children in
      cortical visible persistence. Two scores of visual processing were derived from
      the above experiments. On these scores the reading-disabled children were divided
      into Visual Disabled Readers (approximately 70%--eight subjects) and Nonvisual
      Disabled Readers (approximately 30%--four subjects). The percentages of disabled
      readers in each category remained constant when the sample size was increased to
      61 normal and disabled readers.

PMID- 4015876
TI  - Towards an Australian ophthalmology. The Royal Australian College of
      Ophthalmologists 16th annual congress, 1984.

PMID- 4015877
TI  - Development and progression of diabetic eye disease in Newcastle (1977-1984):
      rates and risk factors.
AB  - A prevalence study of diabetic eye disease was conducted in Newcastle during 1977
      1978. Ophthalmoscopic retinopathy was found in 49% of 1210 clinic diabetics,
      while vision-threatening retinopathy (VTR) (proliferative signs of maculopathy)
      occurred in 13%. Maculopathy was the commonest cause of visual loss, occurring
      frequently in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. This group has now
      been followed for up to seven years (including 70% at four years); incidence
      rates for the development of retinopathy and for progression to a vision
      threatening stage can now be estimated. The study found that diabetics with no
      retinopathy developed this at a rate of 8% per year, while only 0.4% per year
      progressed to VTR. However, once any retinopathy was present, progression to VTR
      occurred in 6% per year (2% proliferative and 4% maculopathy); and if any retinal
      signs indicating the presence of capillary closure were noted the rate was 13%
      per year. These rates are for the group overall: however, certain parameters were
      found to influence the progression in individual patients. Included were the age
      at onset and the duration of diabetes, the presence of poor control (particularly
      in older diabetics on oral agents) or associated nephropathy. An analysis of
      these data and their implications for routine eye screening of diabetics is
      presented.

PMID- 4015878
TI  - Congenital ectropion uveae and glaucoma.
AB  - Congenital ectropion uveae is a rare condition which may be present in one or
      both eyes. If the patient is followed glaucoma will always be found to be
      present. Associated features which have been described are ptosis, Rieger's
      anomaly, Prader Willi syndrome, facial hemiatrophy and neurofibromatosis. This
      paper describes a patient followed for 18 years who had bilateral congenital
      ectropion uveae, bilateral ptosis, asthma and late onset of a dental defect.

PMID- 4015879
TI  - Clinical experience with the Otago Photoscreener.
AB  - The Otago Photoscreener provides a sensitive indication of whether or not an
      infant is able to fix and focus binocularly on nearby objects. This instrument
      was designed for mass screening to identify infants with strabismus and/or
      amblyopia who do not fix and focus binocularly. This communication reports the
      authors' experience with the machine in the diagnosis and treatment of strabismus
      and amblyopia.

PMID- 4015880
TI  - Presidential address: Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists 16th annual
      congress,1984.

PMID- 4015881
TI  - Heredity in one hundred patients admitted for excision of pterygia.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients admitted to hospital for excision of pterygia
      were compared with 100 control patients without pterygia. Of the pterygia group
      38% had one or more relatives with pterygia, compared with 8% (? 12%) of the
      control group. Exposure to solar radiation was considered to be similar in both
      groups.

PMID- 4015882
TI  - The concurrent application of ophthalmic drops.
AB  - The significance of the time interval between topical instillation of two
      different ocular preparations in 63 normal subjects was investigated. The
      experimental model selected was pupillary dilatation by mydriatic agents. The
      results indicated that two drugs applied at the "same time" had an equal effect
      to drugs applied 10 minutes apart. The implications of the study to clinical
      practice are discussed.

PMID- 4015883
TI  - Diagnosis and management of lost muscle following strabismus surgery.
AB  - Of all the complications of strabismus surgery, the lost muscle is one of the
      most alarming, and yet with patience and careful management it may be one of the
      most amenable to treatment. This paper reports seven cases of lost muscle
      following strabismus surgery. In six of the seven cases referred to the
      Department of Clinical Ophthalmology there had been delay in diagnosis for
      periods varying from six weeks to 17 years. All the lost muscles were
      successfully retrieved. With good illumination and magnification and a careful
      search of the sub-Tenon's capsule space it is unusual to need to explore the
      orbital fat to retrieve the muscle.

PMID- 4015884
TI  - Systemic adverse effects of topical ophthalmological drugs: a clinical
      pharmacologist's view.

PMID- 4015885
TI  - Presidential address: Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists 16th annual
      congress, 1984.

PMID- 4015886
TI  - [Brain tumors in children].

PMID- 4015887
TI  - [Intravenous lidocaine in the treatment of convulsions in infancy].

PMID- 4015888
TI  - [Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges in infants].

PMID- 4015889
TI  - [Ultrastructural observation of skin, peripheral blood cells and rectal mucosa in
      late infantile ceroid-lipofuscinosis].

PMID- 4015890
TI  - [Long-term prognosis of convulsive disorders in the first year of life: febrile
      and afebrile seizures].

PMID- 4015891
TI  - [Studies on prenatal factors in childhood epilepsy. Part 1. Clinical aspects].

PMID- 4015892
TI  - [Studies on prenatal factors in childhood epilepsy. Part 2.
      Electroencephalographic aspects].

PMID- 4015893
TI  - [Congenital myasthenia associated with skeletal abnormalities and cataract in two
      sisters].

PMID- 4015894
TI  - [Leigh encephalopathy with laminar necrosis of cerebral cortex, neuronal loss in
      corpus striatum and cerebellar folia; an autopsy case].

PMID- 4015896
TI  - [Is Walker-Warburg syndrome a severe variant of Fukuyama type congenital muscular
      dystrophy (FCMD)?].

PMID- 4015895
TI  - [A case of homocystinuria missed by the newborn screening].

PMID- 4015897
TI  - [Tay-Sachs disease associated with recurrent appearance of white matter low
      density by CT scan].

PMID- 4015898
TI  - [Membrane potentials and cerebral ischemia].

PMID- 4015899
TI  - [Serotonergic effect on cerebrospinal fluid production].
AB  - Many details concerning CSF production at the choroid plexus remain unsettled,
      and the control mechanisms on the production are also not yet clarified. In the
      present study, the association of serotonin in the dynamics of the CSF production
      was studied. The authors utilized the ventriculocisternal perfusion method
      developed by Pappenheimer and an automatic continuous measurement technique which
      was designed by the authors. The experimental animals comprised 48 mongrel dogs
      weighing 7.0 to 12.0 kg. The animals were inactivated by intravenous injection of
      Dialferin after intratracheal intubation for generalized anesthesia with N2O, O2
      and Halothane. Within about 2-2.5 hours after starting perfusion of the Blue
      Dextran-Elliott-B perfusion fluid, the optical density reached a plateau, and the
      CSF production in the control dogs could be calculated. Once the data for the
      control had been obtained, intravenous administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5
      HTP), noradrenaline (NA) and acetazolamide (Diamox) was commenced. Administration
      of various amount of 5-HTP, a precursor of serotonin, reduced the CSF production,
      that was, after administration of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg 5-HTP the CSF
      production reduced by 37.0 +/- 4.4%, 39.9 +/- 3.1%, and 35.2 +/- 5.5% (mean +/-
      SD), respectively, and no correlation with dose was observed. After
      administration of 5-HTP, the blood pressure showed unsteady state for about 10
      minutes, showing an increase in pulse pressure. It then declined gradually. All
      these phenomena were within the range of autoregulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015900
TI  - [A quantitative study of brain atrophy on computed tomography--multivariate
      analysis for comparison between the linear measurement method and the pixel count
      method].
AB  - We previously reported the newly developed quantitative measurement of the
      cerebral atrophy. The data indicated that the volume of the cerebrospinal fluid
      not always gradually increases during the life course but remains relatively
      constant until age 50 and thereafter increases with a wide variation. Though the
      technique, which is called the pixel count method, is highly quantitative, it is
      quite troublesome as it needs the computer to count out each pixels. On the other
      hand, the linear measurement method is easier than the pixel count method, but is
      far less quantitative. We examined seventy four subjects using both the linear
      measurement method and the pixel count method, and compared them by means of the
      multivariant analysis. Three different linear measurement methods were selected
      by the stepwise multiple regression analysis, those are B (distance between the
      caudate nuclei), E (greatest distance between the lateral ventricles at the level
      of the cella media) and G (number of visible sulci whose width are more than 3.1
      mm at the level of 3 cm above the corpus callosum). B and E were calibrated by
      the maximum internal width of the skull (H). The highest correlation was achieved
      with a formula employing these parameters as follows; y = 42.66 X B/H + 12.52 X
      E/H + 0.232 X G - 2.92 (y means the estimated value of the CCR (CSF-cranial
      ratio), which is obtained by dividing the CSF volume by the cranial cavity).
      Multiple correlation coefficient was 0.76, and was statistically significant (p
      less than 0.001). The authors emphasized that using this formula we can easily
      predict CCR as the index of the brain atrophy without any computer.

PMID- 4015901
TI  - [Study of the descending tentorial herniation sign in patients with putamenal
      hemorrhage at the acute stage].
AB  - A sign of descending tentorial herniation (DTH) on computed tomography (CT) in 48
      patients with putamenal hemorrhage was examined in the acute stage. Correlation
      between the DTH sign and prognosis for survival was studied in two groups; a
      conservative group and an operative group. Patients were grouped according to the
      presence or absence of DTH sign on CT. Grade 0: no herniation sign; Grade I: an
      encroachment upon the lateral aspect of the suprasellar cistern (impending
      herniation); Grade II: widening of the crural and ambient cistern on the same
      side as hematoma (actual herniation); Grade III: effacement of the cisternal
      space at the tentorial level (advanced stage of herniation). Twenty-one patients
      (44%) with Grade 0 DTH sign showed a good prognosis in both conservative and
      operative groups. Six patients (13%) with Grade I DTH sign also showed a good
      prognosis in both the conservative and the operative groups except one patient
      with anisocoria. There were 14 patients (29%) with Grade II DTH sign. Three of
      them who were treated conservatively showed only mild impairment of consciousness
      at the initial phase, but became worse 3-4 hours later. In the remaining patients
      who showed severe impairment of consciousness from the beginning of the illness,
      prognosis was poor except for patients with hematoma evacuation. Seven patients
      (15%) with Grade III DTH sign had poor prognosis both in the conservative and the
      operative groups. It is suggested that, in the acute stage of patients with
      putamenal hemorrhage, operative procedure should rapidly be performed not only
      for the clinical herniation sign but also for the DTH sign on CT even if the
      patients showed no clinical sign and only impairment of consciousness.

PMID- 4015902
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance study of brain edema in immature rats compared with
      adult rats].
AB  - Traumatic cerebral edema was experimentally produced in immature Wistar strain
      rats aged 7 days (Group A), and then edematous cerebrums were lyophilized. The
      water content was measured by the dry weight method. The longitudinal relaxation
      time (T1) and transverse relaxation time (T2) were measured on the NMR
      spectrometer. In respect to the measured water content and the relaxation time,
      changes with time were compared with those in matured rats aged 5 weeks (Group
      B). In the Group A, the water contents of the gray matter (G), the white matter
      (W), and the brain stem (BS) increased significantly over the period ranging from
      6 to 16 days after the experimental production of cerebral edema. In the Group B,
      the water contents of G and W also increased significantly one day after the
      experimental production of cerebral edema. One day after development of the
      experimental edema, T1 was 1.770 +/- 0.131 sec (G) and 1.752 +/- 0.131 sec (W) in
      the Group A, while it was 1.451 +/- 0.003 sec (G) and 1.353 +/- 0.011 sec (W) in
      the Group B. On the other hand, T2 was 96.95 +/- 11.98 msec (G) and 92.80 +/-
      8.78 msec (W) in the Group A, while it was 57.90 +/- 1.32 msec (G) and 58.50 +/-
      0.98 msec (W) in the Group B. In other words, the relaxation time was
      significantly prolonged in the Group A. The extent of the prolongation was
      insignificant in the Group B considering the base line. T2 is assumed to be
      divided into two components in the cerebral tissues when cerebral edema
      develops.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015903
TI  - [A case favorably progressed after operation for hypertensive intracerebral
      hemorrhage showed extravasation on angiogram occurred in chronic alcoholism].
AB  - It is said that the prognosis is generally unfavorable in patients with
      hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage showed extravasation on angiogram.
      Recently, we experienced a case whose prognosis was eventful after the removal of
      hematoma. So we reported this case and discussed between alcoholism and
      intracerebral hemorrhage accompanied with extravasation on angiogram in this
      paper. A 59-year-old male was transferred to our emergency center because of
      right hemiplegia and mild clouding of consciousness at around nine in the evening
      on December 12, 1983. At the time of admission, his neurological state was
      classified into grade II, exhibiting the right putamenal hemorrhage and pyramidal
      destruction type of hematoma by CT scan with 58 ml of hematoma volume. The right
      carotid angiography was immediately performed and confirmed the hematoma being of
      lateral type. At that time, extravasation proximal to the lateral
      lenticulostriate artery was noted. Repeated CT scan revealed the enlarged
      hematoma (105 ml) accompanying with ventricular hemorrhage. At the completion of
      these examinations, the neurological grade was III. The hematoma was surgically
      removed after 4 hours following the onset of cerebral hemorrhage. His
      postoperative course was very favorable. Although acute hydrocephalus appeared
      later on, it was cured by ventricular drainage. The patient become possible to
      walk with a helper by 1 month after operation. CT scan obtained 1 month after
      operation revealed a remarkable brain atrophy, which was probably derived from
      chronic alcoholism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4015904
TI  - Effect of hypophysectomy on intestinal phosphate absorption in rats.
AB  - Intestinal active and passive transport of phosphate (Pi) was studied in
      hypophysectomized (HX) and intact rats using the in situ intestinal loop
      technique. Hypophysectomy resulted in a significant reduction of total Pi
      absorption under active transport conditions. However, when transport data were
      expressed on the basis of mucosal mass, the reduction was not apparent. Under
      passive transport conditions, net Pi absorption was lower in the HX rats even
      after correction for the decrease of mucosal mass. Administration of bovine
      growth hormone (bGH) did not change the intestinal Pi absorption in the HX rats.
      These results indicate that a decrease in mucosal mass following hypophysectomy
      is one of the factors that causes a decrease of intestinal Pi absorption.

PMID- 4015905
TI  - Strategies for preventing and screening for coronary heart disease.

PMID- 4015906
TI  - Valve prolapse in Behcet's disease.
AB  - Valve prolapse was diagnosed solely by echocardiography in three consecutive
      patients with Behcet's disease. Two patients had prolapse of the posterior mitral
      valve leaflet, but no clinical manifestations of valve prolapse. In the third
      patient aortic valve prolapse was associated with physical signs of aortic
      regurgitation and left ventricular failure. Valve prolapse in these cases may
      have resulted from structural and functional derangement caused by the underlying
      non-specific vasculitis that occurs in Behcet's disease.

PMID- 4015907
TI  - Diffuse non-specific aortitis with multiple saccular aneurysms and aorto-enteric
      fistula.
AB  - A rare variant of non-specific aortitis was found at necropsy in a young
      hypertensive woman. The aorta showed severe, extensive, non-specific aortitis
      with multiple saccular aneurysms containing thrombi throughout its length except
      for 2 cm from its bifurcation. A fistulous tract was identified leading from an
      aortic aneurysm at the level of the renal arteries to the second part of the
      duodenum. Both renal artery ostia were narrowed. The small intestine contained 2
      litres of blood, at necropsy. Bilateral ischaemic atrophy of the kidneys was
      present.

PMID- 4015908
TI  - Persistent left sided fifth aortic arch in a neonate.
AB  - A persistent left sided fifth aortic arch with coarctation of the aorta and
      persistence of the ductus arteriosus was recognised and treated surgically in a
      newborn infant. The fifth arch was used to repair the coarctation, and five years
      later the child had normal peripheral pulses and no residual murmurs.

PMID- 4015909
TI  - Transient Q waves followed by left anterior fascicular block during exercise.
AB  - A 45 year old white man developed transient abnormal Q waves and ST segment
      elevation preceding left anterior fascicular block during exercise stress
      testing. The simultaneous disappearance of Q waves and fascicular block suggested
      that the abnormal Q waves were determined by an early septal conduction defect.

PMID- 4015910
TI  - Rupture of the myocardium. Occurrence and risk factors.
AB  - The occurrence of myocardial rupture was studied in a well defined unselected
      population of patients with acute myocardial infarction, and the group of
      patients who died of rupture of the heart were compared with two control groups.
      Of a total of 3960 patients, 1746 (44%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for
      acute myocardial infarction. Rupture was defined solely on the basis of the
      presence of a pathological passage through part of the myocardium, either the
      free wall of the left ventricle or the septum, found at necropsy or during
      operation. Two controls were selected for each patient and matched for age and
      sex, one (control group A) with acute myocardial infarction having died in
      hospital but not of rupture (non-rupture cardiac death) and one (control group B)
      with acute myocardial infarction having survived the hospital stay. Necropsy was
      performed in 75% of all fatal cases with acute myocardial infarction. The total
      hospital mortality was 19%, the highest mortality being among women over 70 years
      (29%). Ruptures (n = 56) were found in 17% of the hospital deaths, or 3.2% of all
      cases of acute myocardial infarction. Women aged less than 70 had the highest
      incidence of rupture, 42% of deaths being due to rupture. The mean age for
      patients with rupture and controls was 70.5 years. The median time after
      admission to death was approximately 50 hours for patients and control group A.
      Thirty per cent of the patients with rupture occurred within 24 hours of the
      initial symptoms occurring. Angina and previous acute myocardial infarction were
      more common among control group A. Patients with rupture and control group B were
      mostly relatively free of previous cardiovascular or other diseases (chronic
      angina pectoris ( > 2 months) and previous myocardial infarction). Sustained
      hypertension during admission to the coronary care unit was more common in
      patients than in control group A. Hypotension and shock were more common among
      control group A. Most (79%) of the patients who subsequently ruptured did not
      receive any corticosteroids at all during the hospital stay. Severe heart failure
      and antiarrhythmic treatment were more uncommon among patients than among control
      group A. Patients with rupture received analgesics approximately three times a
      day throughout their stay. Control group B received analgesics mostly during the
      first 24 hours. Thus female patients, patients with first infarcts, and patients
      with sustained chest pain should be investigated for the possibility of rupture.
      As many as one third (32%) of ruptures may be subacute, and therefore time is
      available for diagnosis and surgery.

PMID- 4015911
TI  - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in an
      adult.
AB  - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare,
      almost universally fatal form of congenital heart disease. A case was diagnosed
      in a 19 year old woman who had exercise induced syncope and ST segment
      displacement during exercise stress testing. The anomaly was successfully treated
      with ligation of the anomalous left coronary artery combined with saphenous vein
      grafting. Young adults with exercise induced syncope should be examined by
      exercise stress testing, and if it induces ST segment displacement coronary
      angiography should be undertaken.

PMID- 4015912
TI  - How important is a history of chest pain in determining the degree of ischaemia
      in patients with angina pectoris?
AB  - Since therapeutic decisions in patients with angina pectoris are usually based on
      the reported frequency of exertional and rest pain the relations between the
      historical frequency of chest pain and objective evidence of myocardial ischaemia
      during normal daily activity were investigated in 100 patients by 48 hour
      ambulatory ST segment monitoring. Of these 100 consecutive patients with chest
      pain, 91 had typical pain and nine some atypical features. Twenty six patients
      had normal coronary arteries and 52 of the 74 with significant coronary disease
      had ambulatory ST segment changes. There was no relation between the frequency of
      reported exertional or rest pain and (a) the severity of coronary artery disease
      or (b) the frequency of daytime or nocturnal ST segment changes. Twelve patients
      had nocturnal ST segment changes but only four complained of nocturnal angina.
      Most patients had both painful and painless episodes of ST segment changes, but a
      substantial number had either painless or painful episodes only. These
      differences were not related to the severity of coronary artery disease. Chest
      pain after the onset of ST segment change was perceived with wide interpatient
      and intrapatient variability. Thus the frequency of pain is a poor indicator of
      the frequency of significant cardiac ischaemia. Individual differences in the
      perception of pain may be more important.

PMID- 4015913
TI  - Ischaemic heart disease and prodromes of sudden cardiac death. Is it possible to
      identify high risk groups for sudden cardiac death?
AB  - A study was carried out to determine the incidence of sudden cardiac death in a
      well defined population in relation to prodromes, medical history, and previous
      medical consultations before sudden cardiac death. In Frederiksborg county,
      Denmark (population 332 000), of 1309 consecutive deaths in a six month period,
      166 were due to sudden cardiac death; among men aged 50-69, 22% of all deaths
      were due to sudden cardiac death. The incidence per 1000 population per year by
      age group (less than 50, 50-69, greater than or equal to 70 years) was 0.19, 3.6,
      11.4 in men and 0.12, 1.0, and 6.4 in women. The increasing incidence with age
      was significant. Ischaemic heart disease or hypertension had been recorded in 75%
      (124/166) of patients. Prodromes were reported in 54% (38/71) of patients with
      angina, and in 26% (25/95) without. Nineteen per cent (32/166) had neither
      prodromes nor overt heart disease. Forty six per cent of patients with known
      ischaemic heart disease and 24% without had consulted a doctor less than four
      weeks before death. Eight per cent had had a myocardial infarction within a year
      of death.

PMID- 4015914
TI  - Milrinone in heart failure. Acute effects on left ventricular systolic function
      and myocardial metabolism.
AB  - Milrinone, a new bipyridine compound related to amrinone, is a potent non
      adrenergic inotrope in experimental preparations and also shows vasodilator
      activity. In the present study the haemodynamic and metabolic effects of
      milrinone were evaluated in 12 patients with congestive heart failure. Milrinone
      5 mg given orally produced a sharp reduction in left ventricular end diastolic
      pressure without significantly affecting stroke volume. The improvement in left
      ventricular function was due to a combination of vasodilation and positive
      inotropism. Thus small reductions in blood pressure and systemic vascular
      resistance were associated with increments in the isovolumic indices of left
      ventricular function. The relation between left ventricular end systolic pressure
      and dimension was displaced leftwards and downwards. Only reductions in left
      ventricular cavity dimension were statistically significant, however. Though
      myocardial oxygen consumption did not change significantly, it tended to increase
      whereas lactate consumption tended to decrease. This trend towards oxygen
      imbalance suggests the need for caution in the use of milrinone in patients with
      severe coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4015915
TI  - Milrinone in heart failure. Effects on exercise haemodynamics during short term
      treatment.
AB  - The effects of milrinone, a new bipyridine inotropic agent, on the haemodynamic
      responses to treadmill exercise were studied in 12 patients with congestive heart
      failure. Four weeks' treatment with milrinone 20 mg daily produced an improvement
      in left ventricular function during exercise as reflected by significant
      increments in cardiac index and stroke volume index without change in pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure. Systemic oxygen consumption, measured at submaximal
      exercise, also increased suggesting that the drug induced rise in stroke output
      was associated with improved skeletal muscle perfusion. Maximum exercise capacity
      increased. Importantly, the beneficial effects of milrinone on exercise
      haemodynamics and exercise tolerance were sustained throughout the four week
      treatment period. No drug related side effects occurred. After treatment with
      milrinone was stopped left ventricular function deteriorated to a level slightly,
      but significantly, worse than that before treatment. These observations indicate
      a potentially useful role for milrinone in treating heart failure.

PMID- 4015916
TI  - Localisation of ventricular septal defects by simultaneous display of
      superimposed colour Doppler and cross sectional echocardiographic images.
AB  - Precise non-invasive localisation of the site of a small ventricular septal
      defect was attempted using a new technique that simultaneously combines
      conventional cross sectional echocardiography with a Doppler system by
      superimposing the colour coded direction and velocity of blood flow directly on
      to real time ultrasound images. Twenty three patients with unoperated ventricular
      septal defects and a further eight after surgical closure were studied; 12
      children with normal hearts served as controls. A colour coded blood flow jet
      entering the right ventricle during systole was identified in all 23 unoperated
      patients, in 11 of whom the defect was too small to be visualised by conventional
      cross sectional echocardiography. The colour Doppler technique precisely located
      19 perimembranous and five trabecular defects (one patient had two defects). Five
      of the postoperative patients were without clinical evidence of a significant
      shunt but had pansystolic murmurs. In each of these five, trans-septal shunt
      blood flow as demonstrated by colour Doppler images whereas in only three of
      these patients was the residual defect large enough to be visualised by
      conventional cross sectional echocardiography. Three postoperative patients had
      no murmurs and showed no residual shunt on colour Doppler images. This was
      confirmed at cardiac catheterisation. There were no false positive results among
      the controls. This technique is useful for the more accurate diagnosis and
      location of ventricular septal defects and may help in assessing their natural or
      surgical closure.

PMID- 4015917
TI  - Myocardial infarction and thrombolysis. Electrocardiographic short term and long
      term results using precordial mapping.
AB  - In a consecutive series of 56 patients with acute myocardial infarction, ST
      segment depression and elevation in the electrocardiographic limb leads I, II,
      and III were summated for each patient before and immediately after intracoronary
      streptokinase infusion and the results compared with the angiographic findings.
      Forty three patients had angiographically confirmed reperfusion of an initially
      occluded vessel and showed a significant decrease in summated ST shift. The ST
      segment changes in the limb leads virtually returned to normal in all 43
      patients, and in most, inverted T waves developed. Thrombolysis was unsuccessful
      in 10 patients, and the infarct related coronary artery was already patent in
      three. When these two groups are combined, all 13 patients without reperfusion
      showed no significant change in summated ST segment shift. During percutaneous
      transluminal angioplasty inflation of the balloon in the vessel that was
      previously occluded simulated reocclusion and was followed by new ST elevation if
      the artery supplied viable myocardium. In a further consecutive study of 54
      patients with anterior myocardial infarction, the precordial R waves and Q waves
      were studied over the four to six months following infarction using a
      standardised 48 electrode mapping system. All patients underwent a repeat
      angiogram after four to six months. In 36 patients the infarct related vessel was
      patent. They showed a significant mean increase in summated precordial R wave
      amplitude and a reduction in the mean number of precordial leads without R waves.
      In 18 patients with unsuccessful thrombolysis or reocclusion there was a further
      reduction in mean summated R wave amplitude and an increased number of precordial
      leads not showing R waves. Precordial R wave mapping seems to be a valuable non
      invasive method of assessing the salvage of myocardium after reperfusion and the
      damage caused by reocclusion. Loss of R waves in the acute phase of myocardial
      infarction does not necessarily mean an irreversibly damaged myocardium.

PMID- 4015918
TI  - Cross sectional echocardiographic and angiocardiographic correlation in criss
      cross hearts.
AB  - Cross sectional echocardiography can provide accurate anatomical diagnosis in
      congenital heart diseases and therefore should be able reliably to identify criss
      cross hearts and enable the analysis of their sequential arrangement non
      invasively. The cross sectional echocardiographic diagnoses in eight consecutive
      patients with this condition were compared with those made at cardiac
      catheterisation and cineangiocardiography (five retrospectively, three
      prospectively). The mean number of invasive studies required to reach the
      diagnosis was 1.9 (range 1-4). Complete anatomical diagnosis was achieved with
      cross sectional echocardiography in all patients, but identification of
      ventricular morphology was much more straightforward using cineangiocardiography.
      If the transducer was held steady in either a precordial or subcostal position
      and rocked anteriorly and posteriorly the characteristic crossing over of the
      ventricular inflows could easily be seen. In no plane was there normal parallel
      arrangement of ventricular inflows. A complete diagnosis should be possible in
      these patients using cross sectional echocardiography in experienced hands and at
      a single session in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory.

PMID- 4015920
TI  - Effect of exercise on ventricular response to atrial fibrillation in Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - Ten patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome underwent cardiac
      electrophysiological study extended to include the induction of atrial
      fibrillation at maximum exercise in the upright position. This was performed
      using a new temporary bipolar lead with a helical active fixation tip for atrial
      pacing. The highest rate of atrioventricular conduction via the accessory pathway
      was greater during exercise than at rest in all 10 patients (mean increase 28%).
      In three cases the resulting ventricular rate exceeded 300 beats/min, but no
      patient had severe symptoms or ventricular arrhythmias. The exercise induced
      enhancement of accessory pathway conduction may significantly but unpredictably
      affect the risk from spontaneous atrial fibrillation especially in patients with
      coronary artery disease or in those taking antiarrhythmic drugs. The test
      procedure was sufficiently simple and well tolerated to be included in our
      routine electrophysiological investigation.

PMID- 4015919
TI  - Evaluation of an elliptical area technique for calculating mitral blood flow by
      Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - To evaluate a method for measuring blood flow through the mitral valve 18 normal
      subjects and 19 patients with cardiac disease in whom mitral and aortic blood
      flows were identical were studied. Initially the mitral ring area was
      planimetered from the echocardiographic image, but the results of area
      calculation using the mathematical formula for the area of an ellipse were found
      to approximate to within 8% of the planimetered result in most cases. The formula
      was therefore used if the ring appeared elliptical on the cross sectional echo
      image, and other shapes were planimetered. Mitral velocity, aligned with flow in
      three planes, was recorded just distal to the ring. Mitral flow calculated using
      the elliptical technique correlated closely with flow measured in the ascending
      aorta by the Doppler technique and also with systemic flow measured by the Fick
      method at cardiac catheterisation in 10 patients. The mitral flow technique that
      assumed a circular orifice correlated almost as well with Doppler aortic flow and
      with Fick flow but overestimated flow by a mean of 1446 ml, whereas the
      elliptical method had a mean error of only 138 ml. Both methods correlated well
      with standards, but the elliptical method was easy to apply and gave a better
      correlation with comparison reference values.

PMID- 4015921
TI  - The challenge and the reproach of infective endocarditis.

PMID- 4015922
TI  - Do we need a new standard for electrocardiographs?

PMID- 4015923
TI  - Artefactual ST segment abnormalities due to electrocardiograph design.
AB  - Specifications recommended for electrocardiographs omit any reference to phase
      characteristics and place undue emphasis on an extended amplitude response. This
      does not, however, ensure faithful reproduction of the electrocardiogram and may
      result in less effective attenuation of unwanted noise than can be achieved with
      modern filters. The separate effects of phase and amplitude response on
      electrocardiographic signals were compared, and it was shown that distortion of
      the electrocardiogram by equipment with an inadequate phase response may cause
      changes resembling those seen in ischaemic heart disease. Case reports are
      presented in which distortion produced by commercial equipment impeded diagnosis.
      Specifications recommended as standard for electrocardiographs should be modified
      to include phase response and allow greater attenuation of frequencies below 0.5
      Hz.

PMID- 4015924
TI  - Prevalence of overt dilated cardiomyopathy in two regions of England.
AB  - The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy was assessed in two regions in England
      from 420 replies to 771 questionnaires sent to general practitioners. Overall
      point prevalence was 8.317 per 100 000 population in areas covering a total
      sample of 913 836 inhabitants. There was a statistically significant regional
      variation between East Anglia (Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridgeshire) and Essex,
      Hertfordshire, and Bedfordshire. Though the natural history of dilated
      cardiomyopathy remains to be defined, this study has provided an assessment of
      point prevalence of overt cases of this condition.

PMID- 4015925
TI  - Familial right ventricular dilated cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Cardiomyopathy of unknown cause occurred in three of six siblings. The course of
      the illness was marked by life threatening supraventricular and ventricular
      arrhythmias, sinoatrial block, atrioventricular block, and embolism (in one
      patient). The disease was characterised by right ventricular dilatation. Two of
      the three patients died aged 32 and 48. No new cases of the disease were found
      when a further 33 family members from three generations were investigated.

PMID- 4015926
TI  - Role of echocardiography in differential diagnosis of broad complex tachycardia.
AB  - It is not always easy to distinguish between supraventricular tachycardia with
      aberration and ventricular tachycardia by electrocardiographic analysis alone. M
      mode echocardiography can often help by providing direct or indirect evidence of
      the relation between atrial and ventricular contraction. Sixteen consecutive
      patients with spontaneous sustained broad QRS complex tachycardia with heart
      rates of 120-225 beats/minute were examined. Echocardiographic evidence of 1:1
      conduction was seen in three cases and 2:1 atrioventricular conduction in one
      (all four had supraventricular tachycardia, confirmed by intracardiac
      electrocardiography in three). Evidence of retrograde block was seen in 12 (all
      had ventricular tachycardia, with electrophysiological confirmation in 10).
      Satisfactory views of the mitral valve were obtained in all patients. Patients
      with ventricular tachycardia had a variable mitral valve opening time (range 42
      110%) compared with those who had supraventricular tachycardia (9-15%). Aortic
      root and left atrial views gave direct evidence of atrial contraction in three
      cases, and subcostal right atrial wall views were diagnostic in four of five
      cases. Seven patients with ventricular tachycardia had been wrongly diagnosed
      elsewhere as having supraventricular tachycardia. This study confirms that
      echocardiography is a simple and rapid aid to accurate diagnosis in patients with
      broad QRS complex tachycardia.

PMID- 4015927
TI  - Prevalence and clinical significance of aortic valve prolapse.
AB  - The prevalence and clinical significance of aortic valve prolapse were determined
      prospectively in 2000 consecutive patients undergoing routine clinical cross
      sectional echocardiography. Two hundred and twelve patients were excluded because
      the aortic cusps were not adequately visualised. Aortic valve prolapse was
      defined as downward displacement of cuspal material below a line joining the
      points of attachment of the aortic valve leaflets. Twenty four cases of aortic
      valve prolapse (1.2%) were identified. The patients were aged 12-64 years and
      nine were women. All had underlying valvar heart disease and the commonest lesion
      (in 11 cases) was prolapse of the larger cusp in bicuspid valves. Aortic valve
      prolapse was seen in four patients with mitral valve prolapse (two with severe
      regurgitation), one of whom had marfanoid aortic root dilatation. The remaining
      examples of aortic prolapse were seen in patients with various disorders
      including one with pulmonary atresia, two with aortic root disease (one with
      dissection and one with idiopathic dilatation), and one case of severe mitral
      regurgitation. Valves destroyed by infective endocarditis were seen in two cases.
      Aortic valve prolapse may be detected in various cardiac disorders and does not
      imply the presence of aortic regurgitation, but when bicuspid aortic valves are
      present it may well be important in producing such regurgitation. Although aortic
      valve prolapse may be associated with severe forms of mitral valve prolapse,
      these patients rarely have aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 4015928
TI  - Embolisation procedures in congenital heart disease.
AB  - Eight therapeutic embolisation procedures were performed by the transcutaneous
      catheter technique in seven patients with congenital heart disease. After
      surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot (four patients), catheter embolisation
      was used to occlude two large aortopulmonary collaterals (one patient), three
      small aortopulmonary collaterals (one patient), and two Blalock-Taussig shunts
      (two patients). In two patients congenital coronary anomalies were occluded--a
      coronary arteriovenous malformation and a coronary artery/bronchial artery
      anastomosis. In one patient a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation was embolised.
      Detachable balloons were used to occlude six large arteries, the three small
      arteries were occluded with small gelfoam fragments, and the pulmonary
      arteriovenous malformation was occluded with multiple steel coils and large
      gelfoam pieces. Successful occlusion was achieved in all cases. No complications
      were encountered and the procedure was well tolerated even in the two patients
      receiving postoperative intensive care. Therapeutic embolisation in suitable
      cases is a safe and effective alternative to surgery and the detachable balloon
      technique is effective in occluding high flow vessels.

PMID- 4015929
TI  - Functional and anatomical correlates in atrial septal defect. An
      echocardiographic analysis.
AB  - The results of cross sectional echocardiography, intracardiac contrast
      echocardiography, and balloon sizing techniques and conventional haemodynamic
      assessment were correlated in 40 consecutive patients evaluated for an isolated
      left to right shunt at atrial level. Echo free areas along the septum were
      identified in 23 of 25 patients with a secundum defect, but not in two with a
      fenestrated defect, and in the upper atrial septum in three of four patients with
      a sinus venosus defect. No false positive results occurred in 11 patients with a
      probe patent foramen ovale. Saline contrast injection into the left atrium showed
      significant left to right shunting in all patients with atrial septal defect;
      inferior vena caval injection produced right to left shunting in 15 of 29
      patients and a negative contrast effect in eight of 29 patients with an atrial
      septal defect, although neither correlated quantitatively with defect diameter or
      magnitude of the left to right shunt. Echocardiographic assessment of defect size
      as small, moderate, or large showed a highly significant correlation with balloon
      measurement of defect diameter, although some overlap between the groups was
      evident. In contrast, the correlation between defect diameter and pulmonary to
      systemic blood flow ratio was poor, mainly because of highly variable shunting in
      patients with an anatomically large defect. Cross sectional echocardiography has
      high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of the non-fenestrated atrial
      septal defect and provides quantitative information about defect diameter.
      Contrast studies do not add to the diagnostic value of imaging from the subcostal
      position. The poor correlation between defect size and the measured shunt
      suggests that the latter may not be the best criterion for surgical management
      and that size could be an important factor likely to influence both the long term
      prognosis and the decision for closure.

PMID- 4015930
TI  - Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in complete transposition of the great
      arteries with intact ventricular septum. A cross sectional echocardiography
      study.
AB  - The roles of posterior bulging of the interventricular septum (septal bulge) and
      of systolic septal mitral apposition in patients with simple transposition of the
      great arteries are not known. Cross sectional echocardiograms of 40 such patients
      were reviewed (after exclusion of those with fixed left ventricular outflow tract
      obstruction) and haemodynamic findings were compared with long and short axis
      measurements within the left ventricle. There was no significant correlation
      between the degree of septal bulge and systolic gradient across the left
      ventricular outflow tract, but septal bulge correlated weakly with systolic right
      ventricular pressure and inversely with pulmonary arteriolar resistance index.
      Systolic left ventricular outflow gradient was inversely related to the minimum
      systolic distance between the anterior mitral leaflet and interventricular
      septum. No patients without complete systolic apposition of the anterior mitral
      leaflet and interventricular septum had a left ventricular outflow gradient
      greater than 20 mm Hg. Conversely, even when cross sectional echocardiography
      showed apparently total obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract at some
      time in systole there was often no significant gradient detected during
      haemodynamic study. In the short axis cuts closeness of the papillary muscles to
      the interventricular septum or to each other was unrelated to systolic gradient.
      This study shows that (a) cross sectional echocardiography can identify fixed
      obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract in simple transposition of the
      great arteries; (b) the degree of septal bulge, unless complicated by fibrous
      thickening of the anterior mitral leaflet and interventricular septum, is
      unrelated to the gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract; (c) the
      absence of systolic septal/mitral apposition excludes a significant gradient at
      that site across the left ventricular outflow tract; and (d) papillary muscle
      geometry is unrelated to dynamic gradients across the left ventricular outflow in
      this condition.

PMID- 4015931
TI  - Fluid removal by haemofiltration in diuretic resistant cardiac failure.
AB  - A 60 year old woman with diuretic resistant cardiac failure was treated with
      intermittent haemofiltration before tricuspid valve replacement. This technique
      can remove large quantities of fluid rapidly, thus controlling oedema and allow
      appropriate fluid replacement. Haemofiltration is thus a simple and safe method
      of managing unresponsive oedema in cardiac failure sometimes allowing corrective
      cardiac surgery.

PMID- 4015932
TI  - Permanent pacemaker failure due to surgical emphysema.
AB  - A 76 year old man developed a left pneumothorax after implantation of a permanent
      endocardial pacemaker via the left subclavian vein. The resulting surgical
      emphysema caused temporary failure of the pacing system.

PMID- 4015933
TI  - Chronic nicotine ingestion and atrial fibrillation.
AB  - Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation occurred in a fit 35 year old man who consumed
      large doses of nicotine chewing gum (Nicorette Leo) over a prolonged period.

PMID- 4015935
TI  - Relative potency of agonist and partial agonist opioids.

PMID- 4015936
TI  - Bronchospasm and hypotension following cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 4015934
TI  - Changing echocardiographic features of a hydatid cyst of the heart.
AB  - A 24 year old woman with pulmonary embolism and a past history of echinococcal
      disease underwent echocardiography which detected two cysts in the right
      ventricle which became more solid after treatment with mebendazole. The surgical
      and pathological findings confirmed the presence of the two cysts and the hydatid
      nature of the lesion.

PMID- 4015937
TI  - Comparison of the efficacy of chlormethiazole and diazepam as i.v. sedatives for
      supplementation of extradural anaesthesia.
AB  - The clinical efficacy of two sedative agents was compared in 21 young healthy
      patients undergoing surgery under extradural blockade. A state of sedation and
      amnesia in which patients lapsed into a sleep-like state when left undisturbed,
      yet spontaneously opened their eyes to make comments and co-operate with verbal
      commands, was sought. This was achieved readily by careful titration of responses
      and required a diazepam loading dose of 20 (+/- 15) mg given at a rate of 1 mg
      min-1 or 0.8% chlormethiazole edisylate infusion 10 ml min-1 given over 16 (+/-
      6) min. Control of this state was easier with chlormethiazole (by varying the
      rate of infusion) than by giving repeated doses of diazepam. Both agents provided
      good anterograde amnesia; there was no retrograde amnesia. Considerable
      postoperative somnolence with a high incidence of relapse into amnesic and
      sedated states were noted with both agents. However, if the total volume of
      chlormethiazole infused was less than 300 ml, then a distinct advantage of abrupt
      and lucid recovery was apparent. Blood concentrations producing the desired
      clinical state were more variable for diazepam than for chlormethiazole.

PMID- 4015938
TI  - Measurement of plasma catecholamine concentrations. An assessment of anxiety.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the value of measurement of plasma
      catecholamine concentrations as an objective index of anxiety. A preliminary
      study was undertaken on 11 healthy volunteers (medically qualified), to determine
      if venous cannulation per se produced any change in plasma catecholamine
      concentrations. There were no changes in plasma catecholamine concentrations in
      the 2 h following insertion of an i.v. cannula, suggesting that venous
      cannulation did not induce a measurable stress response. A second study was
      performed on 48 surgical patients who were asked to rate their perceived anxiety
      on a linear analogue scale immediately before premedication and immediately
      before induction of anaesthesia. Venous blood was obtained at the same time as
      these ratings. There were no significant changes in perceived anxiety or plasma
      noradrenaline concentrations following premedication. However, compared with
      values before premedication, there was a mean percentage increase in plasma
      adrenaline concentration of 40% before induction of anaesthesia. A significant
      correlation was shown between mean percentage change in Linear Analogue Anxiety
      Score and mean percentage change in plasma adrenaline concentrations (r = 0.32).

PMID- 4015939
TI  - Determination of the partial pressure of halothane (or isoflurane) in blood.
AB  - A gas chromatographic method is described for the direct quantitative
      determination of the partial pressure of halothane (or isoflurane) in blood as
      well as the blood-gas partition coefficient. A head space technique and a flame
      ionization detector were used. Standard blood was obtained by equilibrating
      patients' blood with known gas concentrations in a tonometer. Using an infra-red
      analyser to measure the halothane gas concentration in the tonometer and within
      the anaesthetic system allowed for the direct comparison of the partial pressure
      in blood to the partial pressure in the inspired gas. Technical problems
      associated with this procedure, and with comparable methods, are discussed.

PMID- 4015940
TI  - The minimum reservoir capacity necessary to avoid air-dilution. An experimental
      model of spontaneous breathing through a T-piece.
AB  - The fresh gas flow rate necessary to prevent rebreathing in T-piece anaesthesia
      is well established at twice total ventilation. The minimum reservoir volume to
      avoid air dilution of anaesthetic gases in the alveolus at this flow rate is,
      however, undecided. A lung model was constructed to represent spontaneous
      respiration, and the value of minimum reservoir volume as a proportion of tidal
      volume determined experimentally. The values so obtained were in close accord
      with those calculated theoretically. Extension of the theoretical analysis leads
      to a recommendation that a reservoir volume one-third that of tidal volume, as
      originally suggested by Ayre in 1956, will prevent air-dilution.

PMID- 4015941
TI  - Proceedings of the Anaesthetic Research Society. Leicester, March 22-23, 1985.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4015942
TI  - Is Urografin anti-anaesthetic.

PMID- 4015943
TI  - Follow-up visit after acute otitis media.

PMID- 4015944
TI  - Double carcinoid of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 4015945
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4015946
TI  - Bell's Palsy associated with hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4015947
TI  - Intra abdominal lipoma.

PMID- 4015948
TI  - Hutchinson's melanotic freckle melanoma and the use of non-permanent hair dyes.

PMID- 4015949
TI  - Continuous 5-day regional chemotherapy by 5-fluorouracil in colon carcinoma:
      pharmacokinetic evaluation.
AB  - Eighteen patients with liver metastasis or locoregional recurrence of colon
      carcinoma received locoregional treatment by continuous 5-day infusions of 5-FU.
      5-FU blood levels were measured by HPLC every day of the cycle at 8 am and 5 pm
      for a total of 87 cycles. Twelve patients were given the drug by an intra
      arterial hepatic (i.a.h.) route, 3 by the portal vein (i.p.v.) and 3 by an intra
      arterial pelvic (i.a.p.) route. These three routes were compared in respect of
      their relative pre-systemic drug uptake and the effect of dose escalation. Both
      the i.a.h. and i.p.v. routes, but not the i.a.p. route, resulted in a significant
      reduction in AUC 0-105 h compared to the i.v. route at the same dose range.
      Increasing the dose led to a modification in circulating 5-FU levels proportional
      to the dose for the i.v. and i.a.p. routes. By contrast, for the i.a.h. and
      i.p.v. routes, systemic drug delivery was significantly elevated, out of
      proportion with the dose, indicating a saturable process. For the i.a.h. route,
      increasing the 5-FU dose from 780 to 1000 mg m-2 day-1 caused a drop in hepatic
      extraction from 0.93 (0.90-0.95) to 0.44 (0.21-0.66). Liver saturation mechanisms
      were also evidenced by a mean increase of 2.6 times for the circulating drug
      level during the second part of the cycle as compared to the first part (P less
      than 0.001). The evolution of 5-FU AUC 0-105 h as a function of the dose was
      exponential (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). Local extraction consecutive to i.a.p.
      was non-existent, implying that this route of drug administration has no
      potential advantage over classical i.v. infusion.

PMID- 4015950
TI  - Effective inhibition by low dose aminoglutethimide of peripheral aromatization in
      postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
AB  - Aminoglutethimide without glucocorticoid has been shown to be a clinically
      effective treatment for postmenopausal breast cancer in low dosage (250 mg day
      1). The mechanism of action of this approach is thought to be the inhibition of
      peripheral aromatase, the enzyme which converts androstenedione to oestrone. The
      activity of this enzyme was measured in vivo by injection with 3H-androstenedione
      and 14C-oestrone and found to be 0.20% +/- 0.05 in 5 patients on low dose AG
      therapy. In comparison with previously published data this demonstrates a 92%
      inhibition of peripheral aromatase activity confirming aromatase inhibition as a
      viable aim in the endocrine treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 4015951
TI  - Antitumour imidazotetrazines, Part IX. The pharmacokinetics of mitozolomide in
      mice.
AB  - Mitozolomide is a novel antitumour agent showing a broad spectrum of activity
      against murine tumours and is currently undergoing Phase I clinical evaluation in
      the UK. We have conducted an animal pharmacokinetic study using male BALB/c mice
      as a pre-requisite to the clinical work. Mice were dosed i.p. at 5 dose levels
      (0.25-20 mg kg-1) and the oral and transdermal routes of administration were
      investigated at 20 mg kg-1. The analytical data produced a good fit to a simple
      open one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with an elimination half-life of the
      drug from plasma of between 0.68 and 0.88 h over the 0.25-20 mg kg-1 range
      covered. There was no evident dose dependency over this range and studies with
      two formulations showed mitozolomide to have good systemic availability when
      administered via the oral route (F values of 0.66 and 0.81). The drug was also
      found to be systemically available when administered topically in
      dimethylsulfoxide (F = 0.47). Mitozolomide shows many biochemical and biological
      similarities to the clinically used nitrosoureas BCNU and CCNU but our results
      show that it differs markedly in its kinetics from these two agents, with
      mitozolomide having relatively sustained plasma levels. It is hoped that this may
      be of therapeutic benefit if these levels are reflected in relative tumour
      concentrations.

PMID- 4015952
TI  - Thermal sensitivity of haemopoietic and stromal progenitor cells in different
      proliferative states.
AB  - Stromal progenitor cells (CFU-F) in normal mouse bone marrow were more sensitive
      to heat at 43 degrees C than haemopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-S and GM-CFC) by
      a factor of approximately 1.2. In marrow regenerating after 4.5 Gy X-rays, the
      changes in sensitivity were by less than a factor of 1.4 and the sensitivity of
      CFU-F changed slightly to become intermediate between that of CFU-S and GM-CFC. A
      comparison of sensitivities reported in the literature revealed an inexplicable
      large variation of up to a factor of 6 in the thermal sensitivities of CFU-S and
      GM-CFC.

PMID- 4015954
TI  - Serum cholesterol and primary brain tumours: a case-control study.
AB  - The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that a positive
      relationship exists between high levels of serum cholesterol and primary brain
      tumours. A record-based case-control study was performed on male Jewish residents
      of Israel who were hospitalized at the Hadassah Ein Karem hospital in the years
      1978-1982. A record check identified 37 cases of brain tumour who fulfilled the
      criteria for inclusion in the study and whose hospital files included the
      necessary data. For each case two controls were chosen randomly from all patients
      with inguinal hernia who met the respective matching criteria of age and year of
      hospitalization. The mean cholesterol value of the cases with brain tumours was
      22 mg dl-1 higher than that of the controls. This difference was statistically
      significant (P = 0.007). Controlling for weight, region of birth, season of year,
      social class, medications and length of hospitalization before the measurement of
      cholesterol did not reduce the cholesterol difference, and in some instances
      increased it.

PMID- 4015953
TI  - Specificities and binding properties of 2 monoclonal antibodies against carcinoma
      cells of the human urinary bladder.
AB  - Mice were immunized with cultured cells derived from transitional cell carcinoma
      of the human urinary bladder (TCC). Spleen cells were fused with mouse myeloma
      cell line Sp2/0-Ag14 and the hybridomas obtained screened for antibody production
      against a panel of human cells. Two hybridomas were selected for further studies.
      The antibodies from one of these hybridomas (P7A5-4) could clearly discriminate
      between malignant and normal cells from the bladder, both when tested with
      cultured cells and fresh tissue. The P7A5-4 antibodies, however, also reacted
      with some non-TCC cultured carcinoma and melanoma cells but to a lesser extent.
      This difference in reactivity was even more pronounced in the fresh tumours
      tested, thus indicating a quantitative difference in antigen expression between
      TCC and other cells. From extracts of TCC cells, P7A5-4 bound three polypeptides
      of mol. wts 92Kd (ConA+), 23 and 17Kd (ConA-). The antibody derived from
      hybridoma SK4H-12 bound a ConA reactive glycopeptide of 100Kd mol. wt, the
      expression of which was almost entirely restricted to urothelial cell lines and
      tissue of TCC origin, as shown by immunocytochemical studies. The finding in this
      study of new antigens associated with urinary bladder carcinoma, extend the
      results obtained previously in our laboratory (Koho et al., 1984; Paulie et al.,
      1984) and further delineate the heterogeneity of tumour-associated antigens in
      this human tumour system.

PMID- 4015956
TI  - Are asthma mortality rates changing?
AB  - Published asthma death rates have risen during recent years. This may be due to a
      number of possible factors and it is important to assess whether or not the
      increase is genuine. Evidence from the BTA confidential enquiry into asthma
      deaths together with the results of bridge coding by the Office of Population
      Censuses and Surveys suggest that published death rates in the 15-44 year age
      group are reasonably accurate and comparisons before and after recent changes in
      the International Classification of Diseases are valid. The death rate in females
      in this age group has almost halved since the pre-epidemic levels of the 1960s,
      whereas the rate for males is little changed. This should alert all those
      involved in the management of severe acute asthma to the seriousness of the
      problem that remains.

PMID- 4015955
TI  - Long-term survival in 406 males with breast cancer.
AB  - Survival was analyzed during a follow-up period of up to 20 years in 406 (97%) of
      all 420 males in whom breast cancer was diagnosed in Sweden in 1960-1978. After
      correction for the expected mortality in the general population, cumulated
      survival rates (with 95% confidence limits) of 66 (58.7-72.5)% and 52 (42.0
      62.1)% at 5 and 10 years respectively were found. These figures and the general
      pattern of relative survival rates were in close accordance with those noted in a
      concomitant series of female breast cancer. There was a trend toward slightly
      improved survival rates during the period of study and the median survival times
      were 3.9, 4.8 and 7.2 years for patients diagnosed in 1960-64, 1965-69 and 1970
      74 respectively. Age at diagnosis was seemingly unrelated to the long-term
      relative survival. We conclude that, except for a slightly higher mean age at
      diagnosis in males, there is a striking similarity in the natural history of
      breast cancer between men and women after initial treatment, with an excess death
      rate which still persists at long-term observation.

PMID- 4015957
TI  - Fall in vital capacity with posture.
AB  - In a study of 147 subjects (50 normals, 50 with obstructive, and 47 with
      restrictive lung function), the mean reduction in forced vital capacity from
      standing to supine (delta FVC) was 7.5% (SD +/- 5.7), 11.2% (+/- 13.4), and 8.2%
      (+/- 7.7) respectively, with no significant difference between groups. The
      respective 95% upper confidence limits were 19%, 38% and 24%. We conclude that
      delta FVC greater than 25% associated with normal or restrictive lung function or
      greater than 35% associated with airways obstruction should be an indication for
      further study of diaphragm function.

PMID- 4015958
TI  - Sarcoidosis in India.
AB  - Sarcoidosis in India frequently presents in elderly males with a dissociation
      between extensive radiological changes and scanty clinical signs in the chest.
      Clubbing is not infrequent. Erythema nodosum, generalized lymphadenopathy, eye
      changes, and bone cysts are uncommon. Spontaneous resolution or asymptomatic
      course is very rare. Follow-up reports, whenever available, show that patients
      have frequent relapses which respond well to short courses of steroids. This
      comparative study shows a few differences between this series (of 90 cases
      diagnosed from 1957 to 1982), two different Western series and the World series.
      Detection and documentation of cases of sarcoidosis in India have been on the
      increase during the last few decades. Whether that is due to increase in
      incidence or awareness is difficult to say. In two special centres in India, the
      frequency of detection of the disorder varied between 61.2 (in a chest hospital
      in Delhi during 1957-74) to over 150 per 100 000 patients (Calcutta) attending a
      general hospital with a sarcoidosis clinic (1980-82).

PMID- 4015959
TI  - Invasive pulmonary haemangiomatosis.
AB  - Invasive pulmonary haemangiomatosis is a recently described disease in which
      exceedingly thin-walled vessels of capillary or venous dimensions infiltrate the
      lung parenchyma and pulmonary blood vessels. The angiomatous vessels, of obscure
      origin, infiltrate the media and intima of muscular pulmonary arteries, pulmonary
      veins and venules. The occlusion of the veins and venules by the thin-walled
      vessels, and the reactive intimal fibrosis they provoke, leads to pulmonary
      capillary dilatation, collections of intra-alveolar siderophages, fibrosis of
      alveolar walls and osseous nodules. This secondary pulmonary veno-occlusive
      disease in turn leads to hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. Hence invasive
      pulmonary haemangiomatosis represents a fourth cause of 'unexplained pulmonary
      hypertension', the other three being unexplained plexogenic pulmonary
      arteriopathy, recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism, and pulmonary veno-occlusive
      disease. Two previously reported cases of invasive pulmonary haemangiomatosis
      presented with recurrent haemoptysis and the gradual development of chronic
      respiratory insufficiency associated with diffuse infiltrates in the chest
      radiograph. In one of these cases a haemothorax had developed. Such clinical
      features may be of importance in coming to the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 4015960
TI  - The twin situation and its effects on syntax and interactional language over
      time.

PMID- 4015961
TI  - The 1984 Jansson memorial lecture. Evidence upon which to act: the identification
      of communication disorders.

PMID- 4015962
TI  - Communicative activities of dysphasic adults: a survey.

PMID- 4015963
TI  - The effectiveness of conductive education principles with profoundly retarded
      multiply handicapped children.

PMID- 4015964
TI  - Phonetic features and phonological features in speech assessment.

PMID- 4015965
TI  - Mispronunciations and compensatory movements of tongue-operated patients.

PMID- 4015966
TI  - Evidence of genetic factors in hidradenitis suppurativa.
AB  - Twenty-six probands suffering from hidradenitis suppurativa were identified from
      Hospital Activity Analysis (H.A.A.) records for the period 1980-83 and by direct
      referral from hospital specialists over a 6-month period in 1983-84.
      Investigation of their families eventually confirmed a total of 62 affected
      individuals from 23 families. In II families there was evidence in favour of
      single gene or Mendelian inheritance; in another three there was familial
      occurrence; in nine families there was a negative family history at the time of
      enquiry. The disease appears to be commoner than reports suggest and it is
      probable that there is an underestimation of affected individuals in our
      community. Problems of identification including variable age of onset and psycho
      social factors were found and may be responsible for false-negative family
      histories.

PMID- 4015967
TI  - Mechanism of anthralin inflammation. I. Dissociation of response to clobetasol
      and indomethacin.
AB  - The effect of topical clobetasol propionate and a 1% topical indomethacin gel
      which could inhibit UV erythema was measured on anthralin inflammation by change
      in skin-fold thickness and erythema. The time course of the inflammatory oedema
      and erythema were different, as was their response to the drugs studied. The
      oedema of anthralin inflammation was completely inhibited by clobetasol
      propionate but the erythemal response showed a small and non-significant
      reduction. Indomethacin had no effect on anthralin oedema but produced a small
      but significant reduction in erythema in the first 24 h after anthralin
      application. These results suggest that either anthralin inflammation is not due
      to production of prostenoids, or that if it is, it occurs by other than the
      classical enzymic pathway.

PMID- 4015969
TI  - Neutrophilic urticaria.
AB  - We studied 241 consecutive skin biopsies from patients with urticaria. Ten of the
      241 specimens showed inflammation of dermal venules primarily with
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes, without evidence of necrotizing vasculitis. We
      speculated that this finding might represent an early histological form of
      urticarial vasculitis. However, review of the clinical histories and laboratory
      data from these 10 cases showed that most were associated with dermographism,
      normocomplementaemia, and negative direct immunofluorescence. These findings
      suggest that urticarial lesions with the histological picture of neutrophils in
      vessel walls may imply the presence of physical urticaria.

PMID- 4015968
TI  - Mechanism of anthralin inflammation. 2. Effect of pretreatment with
      glucocorticoids, anthralin and removal of stratum corneum.
AB  - The inflammatory dose-response to anthralin was measured in human skin 24 h after
      pretreatment with topical corticosteroids and anthralin, and 48 h after removal
      of the stratum corneum with adhesive tape. Anthralin inflammation was increased
      after 1% hydrocortisone application and decreased by 0.1% betamethasone valerate
      and 0.05% clobetasol propionate; although the difference between these effects
      was not significant, the difference between the effect of hydrocortisone and
      clobetasol propionate was. Anthralin inflammation was not significantly affected
      by pretreatment with anthralin and was reduced, although not significantly by
      removal of the stratum corneum. The finding that anthralin inflammation is not
      altered in skin in which aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity is increased
      and that anthralin inflammation may be altered in situations in which AHH
      activity is unchanged, excludes a direct relationship between anthralin
      inflammation and AHH activity.

PMID- 4015970
TI  - The anatomy and pathogenesis of wrinkles.
AB  - The anatomy of linear wrinkles ("crow's feet' and temporal frown lines), fine
      criss-cross wrinkles of the face and wrinkling of the general body surface of
      elderly persons, was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. No
      histological features distinguished the various wrinkles from surrounding skin.
      It was concluded that the wrinkle is a configuration change, like the grooves
      worn into an old glove, without specific structural alterations at the
      histological level. As regards pathogenesis, the common setting was found to be
      deterioration of the elastic tissue network. The skin becomes looser, excessive,
      and loses the ability to snap back to its original state after being deformed.

PMID- 4015971
TI  - The erythemal response of human skin to ultraviolet radiation.
AB  - A reflectance instrument was used to measure objectively the erythemal response
      of human skin to ultraviolet radiation. Dose-response curves have been
      constructed for four radiation wavelengths. In each case, the measured increase
      in erythema was found to be linearly related to the logarithm of the dose of
      ultraviolet radiation. Significantly different slopes of response were obtained
      for radiation of 254 and 280 nm compared with 300 and 313 nm radiation. The
      relevance of these findings is discussed with relation to the mechanism of
      erythema production and the erythema action spectrum.

PMID- 4015972
TI  - Acute palmoplantar pustulosis.
AB  - This paper describes five cases of an uncommon acral rash, acute palmoplantar
      pustulosis, which is precipitated by infection, and may represent a true pustular
      bacteria. Acute and chronic palmoplantar pustulosis are probably different forms
      of the same disease, but the prognosis in the acute form is good and aggressive
      therapy is not indicated. The relationship to psoriasis is discussed.

PMID- 4015973
TI  - The hair cycle on the human thigh and upper arm.
AB  - Hair follicle density, and definitive length, root status and rate of growth of
      hairs were determined for defined areas of the thigh and upper arm in 11 females
      and nine males aged 20-30 years. Hair follicle density did not differ between
      males and females. However, on the thigh the definitive length of hair was on
      average three times greater in males. This was attributable mainly to a longer
      duration of anagen (X 2 X 46), but also to a greater rate of growth (X 1 X 22).
      On the upper arm the hair was only 1 X 42 times longer and the duration of anagen
      only 1 X 27 times greater in males than in females. On the thigh the estimated
      average duration of anagen was 54 days in males and 22 days in females, with
      corresponding figures of 151 days and 84 days for the complete cycles. On the
      upper arms the duration of anagen was 28 days in males and 22 days in females,
      with corresponding figures of 108 and 106 days for the complete cycle. In
      females, oral contraceptives had no significant effects on any measurement.

PMID- 4015974
TI  - Further evidence of the safety of tar in the management of psoriasis.
AB  - Current concern over the carcinogenic potential of cytotoxic drugs and
      photochemotherapy used in the management of psoriasis increases the need for an
      accurate assessment of the 'background' incidence of carcinoma in psoriatics not
      receiving these modalities. This study compares the observed incidence of
      carcinoma in 719 tar-treated psoriatics with that expected, based on data from
      the West of Scotland Cancer Registry. No increase in malignancy was found in
      psoriasis over that expected in the general population.

PMID- 4015975
TI  - The polymorphonuclear neutrophils migrant across the human skin express mostly a
      Fc receptor.

PMID- 4015976
TI  - Neutrophil migration through denuded skin areas: a non-invasive, quantitative and
      reproducible method to study epidermal cicatrization in vivo in man.

PMID- 4015977
TI  - An in vitro lymphocytotoxicity assay for studying adverse reactions to
      sulphonamides.

PMID- 4015978
TI  - Inflammatory cell accumulation in response to intracutaneous Paf-acether: a
      mediator of acute and persistent inflammation?
AB  - The ether-linked phospholipid, Paf-acether (AGEPC) is released from a variety of
      inflammatory cell types and has properties consistent with those of a mediator of
      inflammation. We have examined the effects of locally administered Paf-acether on
      cellular accumulation in the skin of experimental animals and man by histological
      evaluation of sequential skin biopsies and quantification of accumulation of
      radiolabelled blood elements. In guinea-pig skin, immediate extravasation of
      plasma protein and intravascular accumulation of platelets and neutrophils was
      succeeded by a persistent mixed cellular infiltrate predominantly of neutrophils
      but also containing lymphocytes and histiocytes. Radiolabelling studies were
      consistent with these observations. Intradermal Paf-acether elicited persistent
      clinical and histopathological responses in human skin. The finding that Paf
      acether is able to initiate cutaneous cellular accumulation may be important in
      the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses.

PMID- 4015979
TI  - Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on granulocyte chemotaxis and nitroblue
      tetrazolium reduction activity in healthy individuals.

PMID- 4015980
TI  - The effect of BW 540C, a novel anti-inflammatory agent, on ultraviolet-induced
      physical and histological changes in guinea-pig skin.
AB  - We have examined the effects of various topical formulations of BW 540C, a novel
      dual inhibitor of the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic
      acid metabolism, utilizing the model of ultraviolet irradiation of guinea-pig
      ears. During a series of studies, BW 540C preparations were compared with a range
      of corticosteroids, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor and a placebo using both
      subjective and objective measurements. Results showed BW 540C base to be the best
      overall agent for treating the pathological changes seen in this model.

PMID- 4015981
TI  - The mononuclear phagocyte system in granulomas.
AB  - A comparison is made between immunologically induced and non-immunologically
      induced granulomas in guinea-pigs injected with metals (zirconium and aluminum)
      or with mycobacteria (BCG vaccine and Mycobacterium leprae). Immunological
      granulomas were characterized by epithelioid cells and fibrosis, whereas non
      immunological granulomas contained phagocytosing macrophages with little evidence
      of fibroblast activation. Epithelioid cells carry the same specific macrophage
      antigen as phagocytosing macrophages and this can be detected by the use of a
      specific monoclonal antibody. However, they differ from phagocytosing macrophages
      in that they are poorly phagocytic, not glass adherent and lack Ia antigen. They
      are however secretory cells with rough endoplasmic reticulum. A relation between
      the presence of these cells and increased collagen synthesis is indicated. A
      study of accessory cell function showed that the epithelioid cells of BCG
      granulomas were able to support mitogen-induced but not antigen-induced
      proliferation of T lymphocytes. The macrophages of M. leprae granulomas did not
      support either a mitogen- or antigen-induced proliferative response.

PMID- 4015982
TI  - In vivo and in vitro changes in cell-mediated immunity following tuberculin skin
      testing in humans.

PMID- 4015983
TI  - The role of circulating cells in skin reactions.

PMID- 4015985
TI  - British Association of Dermatologists sixty-fifth annual meeting, 1985, London.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4015984
TI  - A role for Paf-acether (platelet-activating factor) in acute skin inflammation?

PMID- 4015986
TI  - Immunological aspects of platelet transfusions.

PMID- 4015987
TI  - The effect of indomethacin treatment on lymphocyte PHA reactivity in healthy
      controls and patients with lymphoma and sarcoidosis.
AB  - Lymphocytes from healthy volunteers who took indomethacin orally for 3 d showed
      an enhanced in vitro response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). When indomethacin was
      added in vitro, lymphocytes from healthy controls showed similar but more
      consistent increases of PHA responses than lymphocytes from patients with
      sarcoidosis or lymphoma. Moreover, the enhancing effect of indomethacin was by
      and large more pronounced in those patients who had relatively normal PHA
      lymphocyte responses in the absence of indomethacin, and the presence of
      indomethacin failed in most instances to increase subnormal responses to normal
      control levels. These findings are not consistent with the notion that increased
      prostaglandin synthesis is the principal cause of subnormal PHA reactivity of
      lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis or lymphoma.

PMID- 4015988
TI  - Marrow cell necrosis in anorexia nervosa and involuntary starvation.
AB  - Marrow specimens from six patients with anorexia nervosa and three with
      involuntary starvation were examined for the presence of gelatinous
      transformation and marrow cell necrosis. Five of the patients had pancytopenia.
      Acanthocytes were present in the circulation of all nine. In only two patients
      was marrow cellularity adequate. Gelatinous transformation was present in every
      marrow specimen and was of a marked degree in eight. Marrow cell necrosis was
      identified in all nine marrow specimens. The necrosis was extensive in one
      specimen, focal in the others and limited to the areas of gelatinous
      transformation. Severe malnutrition was the single element common to all the
      patients.

PMID- 4015989
TI  - Effects of cetiedil on the oxidative metabolism of activated polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes.
AB  - Cetiedil, alpha-cyclohexyl-3-thiopheneacetic acid 2-(hexahydro-lH-azepin-l-yl)
      ethyl ester, was found to specifically suppress oxygen uptake by
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) that were exposed to myristate or heat-killed
      E. coli. The chemical had no effect on the basal respiration rate of PMN in the
      resting state. Inhibition of oxygen uptake by cetiedil was proportionate to the
      degree of inhibition of the generation of O-2 and H2O2. It was also found that
      cetiedil suppressed the rate of the phagocytosis by PMN of opsonized oil
      droplets. Cetiedil had no effect on subcellular NADPH oxidase, an enzyme
      responsible for the respiratory burst that is activated by the perturbation of
      PMN plasma membrane with phagocytable particles or stimulators such as myristate.
      These results suggest that cetiedil affects the trigger mechanism of the plasma
      membrane to inhibit the activation of NADPH oxidase.

PMID- 4015990
TI  - Unclassified type of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) with prominent
      peripheral erythroblastosis.
AB  - Two unrelated cases of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) are described.
      They show striking similarities which could not be attributed to one of the well
      known types of CDA or any other congenital disease of the erythroid system. Both
      patients were followed for many years before and after splenectomy. There was a
      long-lasting, prominent post-splenectomy erythroblastosis, suggesting impairment
      of red cell denucleation. The type of heredity is unknown, and the enzymatic or
      molecular basis of the changes observed is not understood.

PMID- 4015991
TI  - Studies on the locomotory behaviour and adhesive properties of mononuclear
      phagocytes from blood.
AB  - Mononuclear phagocytes isolated from peripheral blood move slowly on albumin-,
      collagen- and fibronectin-coated glass, as judged by analysis of time-lapse film,
      although their movement is stimulated somewhat by serum. When a differential
      adhesion method is used to purify monocytes from a crude mononuclear cell
      fraction it appears to select a particularly slow-moving sub-group. Despite their
      slow rate of movement (especially in comparison with neutrophils) monocytes move
      over and penetrate monolayers of endothelial cells, apparently without
      difficulty; they are, however, restricted to the upper surface of a fibroblast
      monolayer. Penetration of reconstituted collagen gels by freshly isolated
      monocytes was not observed but cultured monocytes, which spontaneously detached
      from the culture substratum over a 48 h period, did invade collagen gels. The
      adhesive properties of these cultured cells, measured in a flow-chamber assay,
      did not differ from freshly isolated monocytes purified on serum-coated dishes
      and detached with EDTA, and their invasive capacity does not seem to be a
      consequence of altered adhesive properties. The behavioural differences between
      monocytes and neutrophils are considerable, although both cell types have to
      leave the circulation and penetrate tissues in vivo.

PMID- 4015992
TI  - Plasma fibronectin in idiopathic myelofibrosis.

PMID- 4015993
TI  - Incidence of Hb C trait in an area of southern Spain.

PMID- 4015994
TI  - Nasal cancer in the textile and clothing industries.
AB  - A case-control study of 160 patients with cancers of the nasal cavity and
      paranasal sinuses and 290 controls showed an excess risk associated with
      employment in the textile or clothing industries, with the increase (relative
      risk [RR] = 2.1) found only among female workers. There was, however, no
      increasing trend in risk with years of employment or duration since first
      exposure. Both male and female workers were at an increased risk of
      adenocarcinoma (RR = 2.5), with further enhancement of risks for those
      experiencing dusty work conditions. Although aetiological inferences cannot be
      drawn from this study, the finding of raised risk supports some previous
      observations and the need for further investigation of the cancer experienced by
      textile and clothing workers.

PMID- 4015995
TI  - Raised mortality from lung cancer and high sex ratios of births associated with
      industrial pollution.
AB  - Geographical and temporal associations were shown between high mortality from
      lung cancer and a high sex ratio of births both in the town of Bathgate
      (Scotland) and in the area of that town which was most exposed to polluted air
      from a local steel foundry. These findings constituted a replication of a similar
      association in an adjacent town.

PMID- 4015996
TI  - Mutagenicity studies in a tyre plant: in vitro activity of workers' urinary
      concentrates and raw materials.
AB  - The possible contribution to urinary mutagenicity of occupational exposures in
      the rubber industry was studied by assaying the urine concentrates of 72 workmen
      (44 smokers) employed in a tyre plant. Twenty three clerks (16 smokers) engaged
      in the administrative department of the same factory served as presumptive
      unexposed controls. XAD-2 resin concentrates of urine samples were assayed in the
      plate incorporation test and in the microtitre fluctuation assay with Salmonella
      typhimurium strains TA1535, TA98, and TA100. Furthermore, the in vitro
      mutagenicity of the major raw materials in use at the plant was determined in the
      plate incorporation assay with S typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, and
      TA100. The results obtained from the urinary mutagenicity study show that smoking
      habits, but not occupation, were statistically significantly related to the
      appearance of a urinary mutagenicity that was detectable with strain TA98. A
      possible synergistic effect of occupation with smoking was observed among tyre
      builders who were also smokers. The study of the raw materials showed that three
      technical grade materials were weakly active as mutagens in strain TA98 in the
      absence (poly-p-dinitrosobenzene) or in the presence of metabolic activation
      (mixed diaryl-p-phenylendiamines and tetramethyltiuram disulphide). The latter
      chemical was also weakly active in strain TA100.

PMID- 4015997
TI  - Female reproductive health in two lamp factories: effects of exposure to
      inorganic mercury vapour and stress factors.
AB  - To evaluate the possible influence of mercury vapour on female reproduction, 153
      women working in a mercury vapour lamp factory have been compared with 193 women
      employed in another factory of the same company, where mercury was not used. Both
      groups of subjects were exposed to stress factors (noise, rhythms of production,
      and shift work). The production process has been analysed by inspection of the
      plants and by collective discussions with "homogeneous groups" of workers; a
      retrospective inquiry into work history and reproductive health events has been
      subsequently performed by an individual interview. Women exposed to mercury
      vapour currently not exceeding the time weighted average air concentration of
      0.01 mg/m3 declared higher prevalence and incidence rates of menstrual disorders,
      primary subfecundity, and adverse pregnancy outcome; however, the progression of
      these problems with the level of exposure to mercury inside the same factory was
      not always clear. The results of this study neither prove nor exclude the
      possibility that occupational exposure to this concentration of mercury has a
      negative effect on female reproduction.

PMID- 4015998
TI  - Respiratory impairment in coffee factory workers in the Asaro Valley of Papua New
      Guinea.
AB  - In a coffee growing area of Papua New Guinea, a developing country in the western
      Pacific region, coffee factory workers were found to have more chronic
      symptomatic respiratory impairment than a carefully matched group of neighbouring
      villagers. This impairment was not related to their duration of employment.
      Coffee factory workers were found also to have a greater prevalence of reversible
      but asymptomatic airways obstruction on entering their factories after two days
      off duty than a group of soft drink factory workers. These findings are thought
      to be related to exposure to the dust produced in large quantities during coffee
      processing.

PMID- 4015999
TI  - Byssinosis in Hong Kong.
AB  - After a report in 1980 of the first three diagnosed locally cases and a
      preliminary epidemiological investigation that found little evidence of the
      disease, a survey was aimed at determining the prevalence of byssinosis in Hong
      Kong. Some 1776 workers in six cotton mills were studied using the standard MRC
      questionnaire and portable spirometers. Only 48 (2.7%) of the mill workers had
      symptoms acceptable for a diagnosis of byssinosis. The pattern of relation to
      dust exposure levels was similar to findings in other countries: blowing and
      carding process operatives had twice the prevalence rate of the spinners. Another
      178 workers (10%) had symptoms of chest tightness or breathlessness or both that
      were not related to the first exposure after a break and therefore did not fit
      the standard diagnosis. Some 257 workers (14.5%) had chronic obstructive airflow
      disease but only 12 (4.7%) had chronic bronchitis. Job mobility had self
      selection of sensitive cases out of cotton dust exposure seem the most likely
      explanations for the low prevalence. The significance of non-specific lung
      ailments needs further assessment to elucidate the possible connection with
      cotton dust exposure.

PMID- 4016000
TI  - Neurophysiological studies on workers exposed to lead.

PMID- 4016001
TI  - Health problems of pesticide usage in the Third World.

PMID- 4016002
TI  - Occupational lead neurotoxicity: improvement in behavioural effects after
      reduction of exposure.
AB  - To evaluate critical exposure levels and the reversibility of lead neurotoxicity
      a group of lead exposed foundry workers and an unexposed reference population
      were followed up for three years. During this period, tests designed to monitor
      neurobehavioural function and lead dose were administered. Evaluations of 160
      workers during the first year showed dose dependent decrements in mood,
      visual/motor performance, memory, and verbal concept formation. Subsequently, an
      improvement in the hygienic conditions at the plant resulted in striking
      reductions in blood lead concentrations over the following two years. Attendant
      improvement in indices of tension (20% reduction), anger (18%), depression (26%),
      fatigue (27%), and confusion (13%) was observed. Performance on neurobehavioural
      testing generally correlated best with integrated dose estimates derived from
      blood lead concentrations measured periodically over the study period; zinc
      protoporphyrin levels were less well correlated with function. This investigation
      confirms the importance of compliance with workplace standards designed to lower
      exposures to ensure that individual blood lead concentrations remain below 50
      micrograms/dl.

PMID- 4016003
TI  - Radiation, work experience, and cause specific mortality among workers at an
      energy research laboratory.
AB  - A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted among 8375 white male
      employees who had worked at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory for at least one
      month between 1943 and 1972. This plant has been the site of energy related
      research, including uranium and plutonium reactor technology and radioisotope
      production. Radiation doses, primarily from gamma rays, were generally low; the
      median cumulative exposure for workers was 0.16 rems. Historical follow up was
      conducted for the years 1943-77 and ascertainment of vital status was achieved
      for 92.3% of the cohort. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed to
      contrast the subjects' cause specific mortality experience with that of the
      United States white male population. The observed number of 966 deaths from all
      causes was 73% of the number expected. Mortality deficits were also seen for
      arteriosclerotic heart disease (SMR = 0.75; 344 observed) and all cancers (SMR =
      0.78; 194 observed). These results are indicative of the healthy worker effect
      and the favourable influence on health of the cohort's relatively high
      socioeconomic status. Non-statistically significant raised SMRs were seen for all
      leukaemias (SMR = 1.49, 16 observed), cancer of the prostate (SMR = 1.16, 14
      observed), and Hodgkin's disease (SMR = 1.10, 5 observed). Internal comparisons
      of mortality (standardised rate ratios, SRRs) were made between subgroups of the
      cohort according to radiation dose level and duration of employment in various
      job categories. No consistent gradients of cause specific mortality were detected
      for radiation exposure. Leukaemia mortality was highest among workers with
      greater than or equal to 10 years employment in engineering (SRR = 2.40) and
      maintenance (SRR = 3.12) jobs. The association of leukaemia with employment in
      engineering was unexpected; maintenance jobs entail potential exposures to
      radiation and to a wide range of organic chemicals; metals, and other substances.

PMID- 4016004
TI  - Minor psychiatric morbidity and labour turnover.
AB  - The relation of minor psychiatric morbidity with labour turnover is examined,
      using data from a study of young, predominantly middle class, white collar men
      and women. The results suggest that the presence of psychiatric symptomatology is
      at least as important as occupational attitudes in identifying individuals who
      would subsequently leave the organisation.

PMID- 4016005
TI  - Prostatic cancer and chronic respiratory and renal disease in British cadmium
      workers: a case control study.
AB  - Deaths due to prostatic cancer, renal cancer, bronchitis or emphysema, and
      nephritis or nephrosis in three cohorts of cadmium workers have been investigated
      in a case-control study. Evidence of an association of risk for these diseases
      with intensity and duration of exposure to cadmium was sought. The only clearly
      statistically significant finding was of an association of deaths coded as
      bronchitis or emphysema with "high" levels of exposure to cadmium fume, which was
      related also to duration of exposure. There was suggestive evidence also (p
      congruent to 0.10) of an increased risk for nephritis or nephrosis after high
      exposure. Marginally increased risks were observed for prostatic cancer after
      high or "medium" exposure, but these were not statistically significant.

PMID- 4016006
TI  - Cancer incidence and cancer mortality in a cohort of semiconductor workers.
AB  - The cancer mortality experienced by a cohort of 1807 workers from a semiconductor
      factory during the period 1970-82 has been investigated (as has cancer morbidity
      for 1970-81). Expectations for mortality were calculated on the basis of rates of
      mortality for the general population of England and Wales. Expectations for
      cancer incidence were calculated on the basis of incidence rates for the West
      Midland Region. For the total study cohort, observed numbers of deaths and
      incident cases for all cancers were close to expectation. For melanoma incidence,
      an observed of 3 cases was compared with an expectation of 0.68.

PMID- 4016007
TI  - Microanalyses of lesions and lymph nodes from coalminers' lungs.
AB  - The dust content and composition of lesions and hilar lymph nodes from the lungs
      of British coalworkers have been examined. Samples of macules, fibrotic nodules,
      and massive fibrosis (both peripheral and central sites) were dissected from 49
      lungs. The highest mean dust concentrations (about 20%) were found in nodules and
      massive fibrosis. Overall there were no significant differences between the
      selected lesion types and their respective whole lung dust composition, although
      the central sites of massive fibrosis were found to contain on average a higher
      proportion of coal and a lower proportion of ash and its measured constituents,
      quartz and kaolin plus mica, than the edge of the lesion (p less than 0.001 for
      each component). There were striking differences between recovered lung and lymph
      node dusts. An examination of 180 specimens showed a mean quartz in lymph node
      dust of 20.3% compared with 6.1% in lung dust. As expected the proportion of
      quartz was greater in lymph nodes and lungs from men who had worked "low" rank
      (high ash) coal. By contrast with the corresponding figures for lung dusts,
      however, the mean proportion of quartz in nodes did not increase over the
      pathological range of pneumoconiotic lung disease. On average the proportions of
      kaolin and mica in lymph nodes reflect those found in lungs. The lymphotrophic
      nature of quartz was clearly shown although it was not possible to show an
      association between this clearance pathway and any particular type of lesion.

PMID- 4016009
TI  - Accuracy of occupational histories obtained from wives.

PMID- 4016008
TI  - Modified nucleosides in asbestos workers at high risk of malignant disease:
      results of a preliminary study applying discriminant analysis.
AB  - Patients with asbestos related malignant mesothelioma excrete high levels of
      modified nucleosides in their urine. The purpose of the present report was to
      explore further the usefulness of measuring these breakdown products of transfer
      RNA (tRNA) in male asbestos insulation workers who are at high neoplastic risk
      but without clinical signs of malignancy. Modified nucleoside levels (psi, m'A,
      m'I, m2G, and ac4C) were used as discriminator variables in a computer generated
      discriminant function in which 96% of the controls and 95% of the insulation
      workers were correctly classified. It was also found, using a similar multiple
      regression model, that 10 of 13 were correctly classified as having normal chest
      radiographs and 27 of 30 asbestos exposed subjects as exhibiting alterations in
      either the parenchyma, pleura, or both. The results suggest that measuring
      modified nucleosides levels in the urine of asbestos exposed workers, and perhaps
      others exposed to carcinogenic agents, has the potential for identifying, through
      multivariate statistical techniques, individuals who are at high neoplastic risk.

PMID- 4016010
TI  - Is low intensity vibration harmful to the digits?

PMID- 4016011
TI  - Do amines induce occupational asthma in workers manufacturing polyurethane foams?

PMID- 4016012
TI  - Mesothelioma and asbestos fibre type.

PMID- 4016013
TI  - Job related mortality risks of Hanford workers and their relation to cancer
      effects of measured doses of external radiation.

PMID- 4016014
TI  - Uptake of solvents from the lungs.

PMID- 4016015
TI  - Formaldehyde and the nasal mucosa.

PMID- 4016016
TI  - Transpersonal processes and the Oedipal phase of development.
AB  - This paper is an extension of previous theoretical work in which a bimodal theory
      of the psychology of relationships and personality function was elaborated. The
      two modes are, essentially, the traditional intrapsychic individual mode derived
      from dyadic and introspective methods of observation, and a transpersonal mode,
      derived in the main from family and group process observations. The role of
      projective identification and other so-called primitive mechanisms are explored
      and their defensive and adaptive role in transpersonal transactions in small and
      large groups examined. The implications for the theory of the mother-infant
      relationship, and in particular the separation-individuation phase, is reviewed
      and the further development of the transpersonal concept summarized. These ideas
      are developed in an examination of the influence of these processes on Oedipal
      phase conflicts in an eight-year-old boy, with illustrative case material. The
      conclusion is drawn that manifest Oedipal phase anxieties and conflicts are
      frequently, if not always, an expression of transpersonal elaboration in the
      family group. In these circumstances, the transpersonal processes are defensive
      rather than adaptive and impair the child's normative individuation and the usual
      repression and resolution of the Oedipal complex. Freud's study of Little Hans is
      re-examined from this viewpoint. The implications for therapy are noted.

PMID- 4016017
TI  - A personal construct study of depression.
AB  - Twelve out-patients with a 'definite' or 'probable' diagnosis of major depressive
      disorder were treated by the author using personal construct psychotherapy
      (Kelly, 1955). Changes in their construct systems were monitored at intervals
      during the course of therapy using traditional role construct repertory grids and
      'multiple perception of the self' grids. The level of depression was measured on
      each occasion of testing using psychiatric and self-rating depression scales. The
      most important findings were that high levels of depression were associated with
      low levels of 'conflict' and a cluster of variables to do with the construing of
      self, namely negative self-construing, low self-esteem and perceived self
      isolation. As the depression lifted during the course of psychotherapy, there was
      a significant increase in the amount of 'conflict' and in the level of self
      esteem, and a significant decrease in the level of self-isolation. The fact that
      over time the 'multiple perception of self' grids changed significantly more than
      the grids concerned with the construing of the self and others is interpreted as
      further evidence of the crucial role that the self-concept plays in depression.

PMID- 4016018
TI  - Narcissism and the narcissistic personality disorder: a comparison of the
      theories of Kernberg and Kohut.
AB  - Narcissism has been a perennial topic for psychoanalytic papers since Freud's 'On
      narcissism: An introduction' (1914). The understanding of this field has recently
      been greatly furthered by the analytical writings of Kernberg and Kohut despite,
      or perhaps because of, their glaring disagreements. Despite such theoretical
      advances, clinical theory has far outpaced clinical practice. This paper provides
      a clarification of the characteristics, diagnosis and development of the
      narcissistic personality disorder and draws out the differing treatment
      implications, at various levels of psychological intensity, of the two theories
      discussed.

PMID- 4016019
TI  - Psychological adjustment and the facilitative nature of close personal
      relationships.
AB  - The Rogerian hypothesis that psychological adjustment is positively related to
      having a relationship which is perceived as being characterized by understanding,
      congruence and unconditional acceptance was tested in the context of a current,
      close relationship, using the original Relationship Inventory in two studies
      which used different measures of assessing psychological adjustment. In the first
      study 26 females and 19 males completed Phillips' questionnaire which assesses
      acceptance of self and of others, while in the second study, 98 females and 23
      males completed Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and a 30-item symptom checklist.
      The hypothesis was strongly confirmed for the females but not for the males in
      both studies.

PMID- 4016020
TI  - Attitudes of psychiatric nurses to treatment and patients.
AB  - A sample of 208 psychiatric nurses and nursing assistants completed a
      questionnaire assessing attitudes to treatment and patients. Significant
      attitudinal differences between groups were found in relation to professional
      grade, age and sex. Staff with more professional training were less authoritarian
      and impersonal than staff more junior in the hierarchy. Younger males with
      Registered Mental Nurse training were found to be significantly less inclined
      towards physical methods of nursing and treatment. Male nurses tended to favour
      therapeutic techniques which emphasized independent nurse action and
      psychological proximity to patients. Female nurses were more favourably inclined
      to physical methods of treatment and were significantly more authoritarian and
      formal towards patients in line with the traditional stereotype of the general
      hospital nurse. Results are discussed in relation to the setting up of new
      treatment regimes within psychiatric hospitals and the influence that staff
      attitudes have on their functioning.

PMID- 4016021
TI  - Younger man/older woman: a cautionary tale.
AB  - This is a single case study of a parallel relationship between (a) the patient
      and his romantic partner and (b) the patient and his therapist. While parallels
      such as these are not unusual in therapy and may, in fact, be universal,
      coincidences of age and duration facilitate the understanding of some of the
      competitive aspects of the patient-therapist-significant other triangle.

PMID- 4016022
TI  - The psychosocial impact of a progressive physical handicap and terminal illness
      (Duchenne muscular dystrophy) on adolescents and their families.
AB  - This paper reports in narrative style on a sample of 13-16-year-old Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy adolescents in a residential setting in the UK. The terminally
      ill dystrophic boys' physical handicaps were noticed at about five years of age.
      In-depth interviews were conducted with parents, while projective assessment and
      psychodrama were used with the boys. Findings for this paper draw heavily on
      family interviews. Not surprisingly, the Duchenne boys evinced significant
      isolation from the mainstream of normal culture. The parents of the terminal
      group showed marked preoccupation with their sons, great stress and diminished
      expression of enjoyment. The Duchenne adolescents raised the issue of handicap
      surprisingly often with their parents, suggesting their great need to acknowledge
      their disease with parents. Their parents, however, evinced marked difficulty in
      responding to death issues with the boys - a reaction which leaves the boys alone
      and the parents guilty. These observations on the family are discussed in the
      context of a family identification process.

PMID- 4016023
TI  - Left and right cerebral hemisphere differences in the occurrence of epilepsy.
AB  - Differences in function between the cerebral hemispheres are well documented for
      normal subjects and, in diseased states, these are used to lateralize and
      localize a dysfunction. However, the difference in frequency of occurrence of
      left vs. right hemisphere lesions and the greater likelihood of epilepsy
      occurring on the left have received scant attention. In the present study
      patients with a diagnosis of meningioma or cerebral abscess were identified from
      the EEG computer file. After operation the meningioma patients with predominantly
      left-sided tumours showed a statistically significant greater chance of
      developing seizures, similarly those with left-sided cerebral abscess.
      Considering a larger group of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy from a variety
      of causes, a left-sided EEG focus occurred more frequently - and was
      statistically significant - than a right-sided or bilateral disturbance. The full
      explanation of these results is not clear but they suggest that the hemispheres
      function differently in patients with a cerebral disorder like epilepsy, as is
      known to be the case in normal subjects.

PMID- 4016024
TI  - Anorexia nervosa in adolescents.
AB  - This paper is a retrospective study of 40 carefully defined cases of anorexia
      nervosa in adolescents. The illness in adolescence appears similar to that in
      older patients with regard to most clinical features, an increased referral rate
      since the 1960s, an upper social class predominance, and the importance of
      antecedent events. Bingeing and vomiting appear to be relatively rare features of
      anorexia nervosa in adolescents.

PMID- 4016025
TI  - Homozygous alpha-thalassaemia: clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. A
      review of 46 cases.
AB  - Forty-six hydropic infants with homozygous alpha-thalassaemia born during a
      period of 10 years have been reviewed. The incidence was 1:1550 total births, and
      accounted for 81% of all non-immune hydrops. The male to female ratio was 1:1.4.
      There was increased incidence of anaemia, pregnancy induced hypertension,
      antepartum haemorrhage, malpresentation, prematurity, fetal distress, difficult
      vaginal delivery, caesarean section, retained placenta, postpartum haemorrhage
      and congenital abnormalities. Antenatal diagnosis by DNA hybridization with
      subsequent abortion of the affected fetuses is the best method to decrease
      maternal morbidity and to reduce the incidence of hydrops fetalis in couples at
      risk. For those with no previous history, but with early onset hypertension
      and/or polyhydramnios, sonography is useful in making an earlier diagnosis, and
      in reducing avoidable morbidity, because DNA analysis can be done before
      caesarean section and aggressive neonatal management is instituted.

PMID- 4016026
TI  - Successful prenatal treatment of non-immune hydrops fetalis due to congenital
      chylothorax. Case report.

PMID- 4016027
TI  - A comparative study of methods of oxytocin administration for induction of
      labour.
AB  - Equipment has become available for the automatic infusion of oxytocin in a closed
      loop system for the induction of labour. This system was compared with manual
      administration of oxytocin by peristaltic infusion pump, the dosage being based
      on data derived from an intrauterine catheter or by clinical assessment of
      uterine activity. A total of 121 patients classified according to parity and
      cervical score were allocated to an automatic infusion system (AIS) or a
      peristaltic infusion pump system. Patient characteristics were similar in both
      groups. Labour was significantly longer in those induced by automatic infusion
      system particularly in nulliparae and patients with poor cervical scores. In
      53.3% of the nulliparae with poor cervical scores the automatic infusion system
      proved inadequate to effect vaginal delivery. Neonatal outcome was similar in
      both groups. Automatic infusion of oxytocin by the present system increased the
      length of induced labour and had no statistically significant effect on neonatal
      outcome, conferring no advantage over a more traditional method of oxytocin
      administration.

PMID- 4016028
TI  - Total uterine activity in induced labour--an index of cervical and pelvic tissue
      resistance.
AB  - Uterine activity was studied during labour induced using an automatic infusion
      system (AIS) or a peristaltic infusion pump (IVAC) to administer oxytocin. In the
      110 patients who achieved vaginal delivery the total uterine activity required to
      effect full dilatation of the uterine cervix was found to vary according to
      parity and cervical score but not according to mode of oxytocin infusion.
      Irrespective of whether the uterine activity level per 15 min was maintained at
      between 700 and 1500 kPas or at between 1500 and 2000 kPas, the total uterine
      activity was similar the lower levels being compensated for by a longer duration.
      Fetal outcome, in terms of 1- and 5-min Apgar scores and umbilical vein blood pH,
      was unaffected by the level of uterine activity. The cervical and pelvic tissue
      resistance varies according to parity and cervical score and the uterus has to
      achieve a certain total uterine activity in induced labour which is best achieved
      by maintaining optimal uterine activity levels of 1500-2000 kPas/15 min to effect
      vaginal delivery of the baby in good condition in optimal time.

PMID- 4016029
TI  - Sex steroid hormone concentrations in preterm labour and the outcome of treatment
      with ritodrine.
AB  - Peripheral plasma concentrations of unconjugated oestradiol-17 beta, progesterone
      and total oestriol were measured in patients presenting with uncomplicated
      preterm labour. Control samples were obtained from normal healthy women matched
      for maternal age, parity and duration of pregnancy. Oestrogen concentrations were
      often higher and progesterone concentrations often lower in patients presenting
      in preterm labour, and in particular, in those presenting in advanced labour and
      those failing to respond to treatment with ritodrine, but the differences were
      not statistically significant.

PMID- 4016030
TI  - Fatal pulmonary oedema associated with the use of ritodrine in pregnancy. Case
      report.

PMID- 4016031
TI  - Placental transfer of bupivacaine, pethidine and lignocaine in the rabbit. Effect
      of umbilical flow rate and protein content.
AB  - The factors determining the placental transfer of drugs used in labour were
      studied in the rabbit placenta perfused in situ with Krebs bicarbonate buffer.
      During concurrent maternal intravenous infusion of bupivacaine, lignocaine,
      pethidine and antipyrine, drug concentrations were measured in maternal arterial
      plasma and placental effluent perfusate, the flow rate and protein content of
      which were varied. Protein binding and content were also measured. Placental
      clearance of antipyrine, which is unbound, was unaltered by perfusate protein
      content, and increased with umbilical perfusate flow up to 2 ml/min. Clearance of
      lignocaine and pethidine, which were 20-30% protein bound, increased to a small
      extent with perfusate protein, and were flow-dependent up to the maximum
      perfusate flow of 4 ml/min. Clearances of bupivacaine, which was greater than 80%
      bound, increased markedly with perfusate protein but, though flow-dependent, was
      one-tenth to one-fifth that of the other drugs. Fetal binding and glycoprotein
      content were less than maternal, hence the equilibrium fetal: maternal ratio is
      predictably lower for the highly bound bupivacaine than for lignocaine or
      pethidine. Measured fetal: maternal ratios of bupivacaine were, however, only one
      half to one-third of the predicted equilibrium values, suggesting that
      bupivacaine does not unbind readily in a single transit through the rabbit
      placenta. Thus, though bupivacaine crosses the placenta more slowly than the
      other drugs, the fetal dose of all these drugs will be greatest in healthy babies
      with good placental blood flows and high plasma proteins.

PMID- 4016032
TI  - Quantitative structural studies on human placentas associated with pre-eclampsia,
      essential hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - Placentas from pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia, essential hypertension,
      hypertension complicated by pre-eclampsia and from normotensive pregnancies
      resulting in the birth of a singleton small-for-dates (SFD) infant have been
      studied by quantitative morphometry. The findings have been compared with those
      from placentas of uncomplicated pregnancies. The placentas from pregnancies
      complicated by pre-eclampsia and those resulting in a SFD baby had a
      significantly lower total volume, volume of parenchyma and villous surface area
      when compared with normal pregnancies of comparable gestation. They also had an
      increase in areas of multiple infarction and in the volume proportions occupied
      by fetal capillaries. The placentas from women with essential hypertension
      uncomplicated by pre-eclampsia were as large as those from normal pregnancies and
      the villous surface areas were as high. Villous surface area measurements in the
      different groups were related to gestation and to fetal weight.

PMID- 4016033
TI  - Sympatho-adrenal and cardiovascular reactivity in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
      I. Responses to isometric exercise and a cold pressor test.
AB  - Sympatho-adrenal and cardiovascular reactivity was studied in patients with
      pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and healthy pregnant controls subjected to
      an isometric handgrip test and a cold pressor test both during and after the
      pregnancy. At rest, heart rate was higher in the PIH group than in the control
      group both during and after pregnancy. Forearm vascular resistance was not
      affected by PIH or by pregnancy per se. During pregnancy arterial plasma
      adrenaline levels were suppressed in the control group both when compared with
      the PIH group and postpartum values. Arterial noradrenaline levels were similar
      and normal in the two groups at both examinations. The isometric exercise
      increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and noradrenaline
      and reduced vascular resistance similarly in the PIH and control groups on both
      occasions. Vasoconstrictor responses to the cold pressor test were reduced during
      pregnancy but there were no differences between the groups on either occasion.
      Noradrenaline responses to the cold pressor test were not influenced by PIH or by
      pregnancy per se. During pregnancy adrenaline responses to the two tests tended
      to be reduced in the controls but not in PIH. Our results indicate enhanced
      adrenomedullary activity in PIH when compared with the suppressed activity in
      normal pregnancy. Cardiovascular reactivity to the tests was similar in the PIH
      and control groups. The normal arterial noradrenaline levels at rest and during
      provocation do not support the contention of a generalized increase in
      sympathetic nerve activity in PIH.

PMID- 4016034
TI  - Quantitation of vaginal discharge in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The mean quantity of vaginal discharge measured on four occasions during one
      menstrual cycle in 22 asymptomatic volunteers was 1.55 g/8 h although the amount
      varied significantly between different days of the cycle. The maximum occurred at
      mid-cycle (1.96 g/8 h) and low mean values were seen on day 7 (1.38 g/8 h) and
      day 26 (1.37 g/8 h), contrasting with the widely held view that the discharge
      increases premenstrually. This cyclical variation was statistically significant
      (P less than 0.02) in celibate women using no contraception but was less marked
      in sexually active women taking the combined oral contraceptive pill.

PMID- 4016035
TI  - The normal menstrual cycle has no effect on gastric emptying.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that orocaecal transit time is prolonged both in
      the luteal phase of the ovulatory cycle in normal women and during pregnancy, but
      have made no attempt to differentiate between the individual effects of gastric
      emptying and small intestinal transit. We have assessed the effect of the normal
      menstrual cycle on gastric emptying of solids and liquids in 10 women, using a
      dual isotope scintigraphic technique. In each subject gastric emptying was
      measured on 2 days: first during the follicular phase (day 8-10) and then during
      the luteal phase (day 18-20) of one ovulatory menstrual cycle (where day 1 was
      the first day of menstrual bleeding). Measures of solid and liquid gastric
      emptying did not change significantly between the follicular and luteal phases
      indicating that the normal menstrual cycle has no effect on gastric emptying.

PMID- 4016036
TI  - The management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by coagulation
      electrodiathermy.
AB  - Of 140 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treated with a single
      application of coagulation electrodiathermy, 123 (88%) remain cytologically free
      of disease after a median follow-up of 3 years. The new squamocolumnar junction
      was colposcopically visible in 70% of the 130 patients assessed after treatment.
      In 15 of 17 women requiring further treatment, residual disease was suspected at
      the time of the first postoperative assessment. The incidence of significant
      morbidity following this procedure was 4%. In selected patients coagulation
      electrodiathermy is an effective method of treating pre-invasive disease of the
      cervix.

PMID- 4016037
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and planned primary closure at birth. Case
      reports.

PMID- 4016038
TI  - On the nature and the role of the subsurface vesicles in the outer epithelial
      cells of the conjunctiva.
AB  - The layer of the tear film in contact with the conjunctiva is mucus. This mucus
      comes from two sources, the conjunctival goblet cells and the subsurface
      vesicles. These vesicles are found just below the surface of the conjunctival
      cells. They contain long chain mucus glycoprotein molecules that are joined to
      the vesicle membrane. The vesicles fuse with the surface membrane of the
      conjunctival cells and expose their mucus glycoprotein chains to the overlying
      mucus. Chemical and physical bonds between the two types of mucus help to bind
      the mucus layer to the conjunctiva. The vesicle membrane becomes incorporated in
      the cell membrane and supplies the membranes for the microvilli that cover the
      exposed surface.

PMID- 4016039
TI  - Indications for vitrectomy in congenital retinoschisis.
AB  - Two patients with congenital retinoschisis developed rhegmatogenous retinal
      detachments with either a tractional component or associated vitreous
      haemorrhage. The second patient also had a large, raised schisis cavity under
      vitreous traction, which obscured visualisation of the macula. Vitrectomy is
      indicated for some patients with congenital retinoschisis.

PMID- 4016040
TI  - Extracapsular lens extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion
      combined with trabeculectomy.
AB  - Trabeculectomy for primary glaucoma was successfully combined with extracapsular
      lens extraction and insertion of a Pearce tripod posterior chamber lens in seven
      eyes of five patients. The results were similar to those expected from each
      component of the operation when performed alone, and all eyes achieved visual
      acuity of 6/9 or better with control of intraocular pressure below 22 mmHg
      without supplementary medical treatment. The incidence of mild anterior uveitis
      (three out of seven eyes) and hyphaema (two out of seven eyes) was greater than
      usual with this type of cataract extraction but no more than expected after
      trabeculectomy. Mydriatic drops may be used to treat postoperative iritis without
      danger to the stability of this pattern of implant. In addition the anterior
      chamber cannot become shallow, as the rigid legs of this lens extend behind the
      iris beyond the periphery of the cornea and prevent forward movement of the
      implant even if there is excessively free drainage of aqueous after the
      operation.

PMID- 4016041
TI  - Assessment of bleeding in eye surgery.
AB  - A new method for assessing microhaemorrhage in eye surgery was used in 16
      patients for cataract extraction. It was shown that bleeding was greatest in the
      first five minutes and that it correlated with the surgeon's clinical estimate of
      blood loss. The method was used to assess the effect of two different general
      anaesthetic induction regimens on intraoperative bleeding.

PMID- 4016042
TI  - Medical conditions underlying recurrence of retinal vein occlusion.
AB  - Seventeen patients with recurrent retinal vein occlusion were investigated for
      underlying medical conditions and compared with 61 patients with single retinal
      vein occlusion (26 with central, 35 with branch vein occlusion). The two study
      groups were comparable for age, sex, and weight. Patients with recurrence had a
      significantly increased prevalence rate of hypertension (88% versus 48%: p less
      than 0.01), with a trend to increased hyperlipidaemia (47% versus 33%) compared
      with patients with a single episode. A significantly raised mean systolic (p less
      than 0.05) but not diastolic blood pressure was found in patients with
      recurrence. Other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with recurrence were
      also found and included lower mean levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol (p less than 0.02) and the HDL2 subfraction (p less than 0.001), and
      a significantly increased proportion of patients with regular alcohol intake (p
      less than 0.01). We conclude that hypertension and hyperlipidaemia with an
      increase in other cardiovascular risk factors are commonly found in patients with
      recurrent retinal vein occlusion and may therefore be important aetiological
      factors. The possible benefits of treatment of these underlying conditions to
      prevent recurrence need to be assessed in well designed prospective studies.

PMID- 4016043
TI  - Anisometropia in children: analysis of a hospital population.
AB  - In a hospital population of 1356 children 64 (4.7%) cases of anisometropia (at
      least 2 diopters in spherical or cylindrical power) were found. After the
      exclusion of all children with ocular lesions 53 remained. Twenty-seven (42%) of
      them had strabismus, which seemed to be related to accommodation effort rather
      than amount of anisometropia. Amblyopia was present in 17 (53%) of the patients
      with orthotropic anisometropia. Amblyopia increased with the amount of
      anisometropia. Therapy in the form of spectacle correction and part-time
      occlusion was successful in 47%. The success rate was related to the age of
      presentation.

PMID- 4016044
TI  - Bilateral superior oblique palsies.
AB  - Eighteen consecutive cases of bilateral superior oblique palsy have been studied
      retrospectively. The patients were typically adults with a history of severe head
      trauma. All patients complained of diplopia, either vertical, torsional, or both.
      Other neurological sequelae were common. Central disruption of fusion was seen in
      three patients. Eight patients underwent surgery for torsional or vertical
      diplopia, and the results are briefly discussed.

PMID- 4016045
TI  - Ring melanoma of the iris and ciliary body.
AB  - The case is described of a tumour of the iris and ciliary body--a ring type
      melanoma--primarily diagnosed and treated as pigmentary glaucoma.

PMID- 4016046
TI  - Corneal sensitivity in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Corneal touch thresholds were measured in 11 people suffering from myasthenia
      gravis (MG) and in a control group of 20 subjects. The mean threshold in MG was
      75.6 mg (SD 52) and in the control group 18.9 mg (SD 7.3); thresholds were thus
      significantly (p less than 0.01) raised in MG. Although it is not possible to say
      whether the sensory deficit is due to MG or to the treatment, the results
      implicate acetylcholine in sensory transduction in the cornea.

PMID- 4016047
TI  - Fundus flavimaculatus: polymorphic retinal change in siblings.
AB  - A 12-year-old boy and an 11-year-old girl, siblings of healthy, consanguineous
      parents, had a bilateral retinal dystrophy with a gradual loss of vision. The
      brother showed a bull's eye macular change with sparse fundus flavimaculatus type
      flecks. The sister had numerous fleck lesions of fundus flavimaculatus throughout
      the posterior fundus, but there was virtually no macular change. Thus the
      siblings presented instances of polymorphic expressivity of fundus
      flavimaculatus.

PMID- 4016048
TI  - Destructive epidemic Neisseria gonorrheae keratoconjunctivitis in African adults.
AB  - An epidemic of Neisseria gonorrheae keratoconjunctivitis in African adults
      occurred in Malawi in 1983. Sixteen patients, seven females and nine males, aged
      18 to 60 years, were admitted to the inpatient ocular services at Queen Elizabeth
      Central Hospital in Blantyre from 1 February to 28 May 1983, all with severe
      bilateral purulent keratoconjunctivitis and concomitant venereal infection
      secondary to N. gonorrheae. Corneal melting, corneal perforation with iris
      prolapse, and endophthalmitis occurred in 10 eyes, of which five required
      enucleation. Thirteen additional eyes sustained severe visual loss secondary to
      corneal ulceration, leucomata, and healed corneal perforation. The route of
      transmission and factors of epidemicity are speculative. Because of worldwide
      epidemic venereal infection ophthalmologists and epidemiologists should be alert
      to probable sporadic N. gonorrheae epidemics in adults. Such outbreaks could
      occur elsewhere, especially in the developing world, and ocular gonococcal
      infection might become a significant cause of irreversible blindness.

PMID- 4016049
TI  - Effect of intravitreal hyaluronidase on the clearance of tritiated water from the
      vitreous to the choroid.
AB  - The rate of transfer of intravitreally injected tritiated water from the mid
      vitreous to the choroid is significantly increased after depolymerization of
      vitreous hyaluronic acid by injected hyaluronidase. The significance of this
      finding is discussed in relation to such conditions as retinal detachment and
      reattachment.

PMID- 4016050
TI  - Type IV melanosomes of the human albino iris.
AB  - Electron microscopy of an iris biopsy specimen from a clinically tyrosinase
      negative human albino demonstrated type IV mature melanosomes. Possible
      mechanisms for the formation in this condition of these organelles, which have
      not previously been described at this site, are discussed.

PMID- 4016051
TI  - Progressive hemifacial atrophy: a case report.
AB  - A case of a 28-year-old Caucasian female with progressive hemifacial atrophy and
      atrophy of the rhomboid muscles on the ipsilateral side is reported. The
      literature on this condition and its treatment is reviewed.

PMID- 4016052
TI  - Sarcoidosis with infiltration of the external ocular muscles.

PMID- 4016053
TI  - Corneal thickness changes following cataract surgery: effect of lens implantation
      and sodium hyaluronate.
AB  - Consecutive patients undergoing intracapsular cataract surgery with and without
      lens implantation were included in one of three groups of fifteen patients for
      postoperative corneal thickness measurement. One group underwent cataract
      extraction alone, another group had cataract extraction and lens implantation
      using iris supported posterior chamber implants, and another group underwent lens
      implantation with the use of sodium hyaluronate to reform the anterior chamber
      after cataract extraction. Maximal increase in corneal thickness occurred within
      the first 24 hours of surgery in all groups. No significant difference in corneal
      thickness between the implant and non-implant group was found at any time. When
      sodium hyaluronate was used to reform the anterior chamber prior to lens
      implantation the increase in corneal thickness was significantly less than in the
      group not on sodium hyaluronate (0.01 less than p less than 0.02 on the third
      postoperative day). In the long term all patients' corneas returned to
      preoperative levels within 28 days of surgery.

PMID- 4016054
TI  - Hyaluronate increases intraocular pressure when used in cataract extraction.
AB  - A prospective randomised study of 26 eyes (24 patients) following uncomplicated
      intracapsular cataract surgery was carried out with three groups in which
      different agents were used to re-form the anterior chamber: air, seven eyes;
      sodium hyaluronate, seven eyes; and a combination of hyaluronate plus systemic
      acetazolamide, 12 eyes. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by Goldmann
      applanation tonometry 16 hours before surgery and every eight hours after surgery
      for 72 hours. The IOP doubled in the two hyaluronate-treated groups for the first
      day following cataract surgery. By contrast, the IOP in the group receiving air
      initially decreased slightly. Throughout the study the effect of using
      acetazolamide was never statistically significant. After the first day and a half
      the differences in IOP among the three treatment groups disappeared, and the
      pressures returned to their preoperative values.

PMID- 4016055
TI  - Postural response of intraocular pressure following traumatic hyphaema.
AB  - Twenty patients with previous unilateral traumatic hyphaema and 25 age-matched
      controls were studied. There was a progressive rise in intraocular pressure when
      the patient changed from the standing to the sitting position and then to the
      lying position in both groups. No control eye showed a rise greater than 2 mmHg
      when the subject changed from sitting to lying. However, 14 (70%) of the injured
      eyes and 12 (60%) of the fellow eyes showed an exaggerated response. We suggest
      that the presence of an abnormal postural response may indicate a predisposition
      to post-traumatic glaucoma. Our findings are compatible with a linked control of
      postural intraocular pressure response between the two eyes.

PMID- 4016056
TI  - Q fever as a possible cause of bilateral optic neuritis.
AB  - A 59-year-old farmer developed a bilateral optic neuritis in the course of an
      infection with Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), resulting in a lasting unilateral
      blindness. A complete medical (including neurological) evaluation gave no
      evidence of other possible causes. A possible source of infection was cattle.

PMID- 4016057
TI  - Retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy: surgical results with
      scleral buckling, closed vitrectomy, and intravitreous air injection.
AB  - Seventy-five cases of total retinal detachment complicated by the more advanced
      grades (grades C and D) of proliferative vitreoretinopathy were treated with
      scleral buckling, vitrectomy, and air-fluid exchange. The overall reattachment
      rate was 56%, ranging from 100% in grade C-1 to 26% in grade D-3. The
      postoperative visual acuity was 6/120 or better in 48% of the 42 eyes in which
      the retina was reattached. The major causes of surgical failure were redetachment
      from persistent vitreoretinal traction (32%) and intraoperative complications
      (12%).

PMID- 4016058
TI  - Hyperprolinaemia and gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina in members of the
      same family.

PMID- 4016059
TI  - Microbial and immunological investigations of chronic non-ulcerative blepharitis
      and meibomianitis.
AB  - Concentrations of tear lysozyme, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, IgG, and IgA have
      been measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with
      chronic non-ulcerative blepharitis and meibomianitis at the same time as the lid
      and conjunctivae were cultured for bacteria and fungi by a semiquantitative
      method. A group of normal controls aged 20 to 80 were similarly sampled, when
      strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis from their eyes and the patients' eyes were
      biotyped according to Baird-Parker's scheme. 5% of blepharitis cases had
      increased numbers of Staph. aureus present on the lids, compared with only a
      scanty growth obtained from 5% of normals. 7% of blepharitis cases had increased
      numbers of Staph. epidermidis type VI (coagulase-negative, mannitol-fermenting)
      present compared with a scanty growth obtained from 6% of normals. Isolation
      rates of other types of Staph. epidermidis did not differ from those in normals;
      no types were associated with meibomianitis. Tear protein profiles were normal in
      most patients, and there was no increase in tear IgA or IgG, which is expected
      with chronic infection. Overall our evidence suggests that in 88% of cases these
      lid conditions have an inflammatory aetiology not associated with infection.
      Staphylococcal isolates often found in the eye usually represent a normal
      commensal rather than pathogenic flora.

PMID- 4016060
TI  - Topographic visually evoked potentials induced by stereoptic stimulus.
AB  - Topographic processes of brain activity during stereopsis were investigated by
      means of two different principles, with a real stereo target and a computer
      stereogram. Use of either principle produced the same tendency: an electrically
      negative focus started from the central region of the scalp and moved to the
      parietal and occipital regions. These flows of excitation were seen during a
      period of 90 to 170 ms. The difference between these two stimulus represented a
      return of the negative focus from the occipital pole to the parietal region in
      the real stereo target and a spread of the negative focus to the temporal region
      in the computer stereogram. Since monocular viewing of a real stereo target
      produces a similar visually evoked potentials wave form but with less intensity,
      the negative focus in binocular viewing may be due to the enhancement of
      binocular cells and disparity sensitive neurons in a wide area of the brain
      cortex. Thus stereoptic brain responses start from the central and parietal
      regions and move to the occipital region, making a flow of excitation.

PMID- 4016061
TI  - Progressive retinal atrophy in the Abyssinian cat: studies of the DC-recorded
      electroretinogram and the standing potential of the eye.
AB  - DC-recorded electroretinography (ERG) and direct recordings of the standing
      potential (SP) were performed on a group of normal cats and Abyssinian cats
      affected by a hereditary retinal degenerative disease with similarities to human
      retinitis pigmentosa. A significant reduction of a- and b-wave amplitudes was
      found at an early stage of disease at a time when there were no major alterations
      in the c-wave and SP. At later stages both the c-wave and the SP oscillations
      were significantly reduced or absent. These findings indicate a primary photo
      receptor disorder. Threshold studies for the scotopic b-wave showed a loss of
      retinal sensitivity early in the disease at a time when 30 Hz flicker responses
      were normal, which could indicate an earlier involvement of the rods than of the
      cones. There were no major alterations in the timing of the ERG in the affected
      animals tested.

PMID- 4016062
TI  - Bilateral nanophthalmos, pigmentary retinal dystrophy, and angle closure glaucoma
      -a new syndrome?
AB  - An unusual case of bilateral nanophthalmos with pigmentary retinal dystrophy and
      angle closure glaucoma is presented. This is probably the first published report
      of the established association of all these three entities in the same patient.
      The aetiological possibilities and clinical significance are discussed.

PMID- 4016063
TI  - Conjunctival sign in sickle cell anaemia: an in-vivo correlate of the extent of
      red cell heterogeneity.
AB  - A consecutive series of 22 stable adult inpatients with sickle cell anaemia were
      examined for the presence and severity of spontaneous 'comma' signs of the
      conjunctiva. Fifteen patients had severe conjunctival signs (more than 10 commas
      in the worse eye). The presence of severe conjunctival signs was associated with
      a broader distribution of intraerythrocytic haemoglobin concentrations (p =
      0.0005). The patient group with severe conjunctival signs was not found to be
      significantly different from the group without such signs for age, sex,
      haemoglobin value, reticulocyte count, alpha-globin gene number, percentage fetal
      haemoglobin, or the proportion of very dense cells (CHC greater than 37 g/dl).
      Thus the singular heterogeneity of the erythrocytes in sickle cell disease may be
      indicative of the factor(s) responsible for the diagnostic comma sign.

PMID- 4016064
TI  - Chronic ocular ischaemia.

PMID- 4016065
TI  - Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of lipid fatty acyl chain order
      and dynamics in Acholeplasma laidlawii B membranes. Gel-state disorder in the
      presence of methyl iso- and anteiso-branched-chain substituents.
AB  - The hydrocarbon chain orientational order parameters of membranes of Acholeplasma
      laidlawii B enriched with large quantities of a linear saturated, a methyl iso
      branched, or a methyl anteiso-branched fatty acid plus small quantities of
      various isomeric monofluoropalmitic acid probes were determined via fluorine-19
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F NMR) over a range of temperatures
      spanning the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transitions (determined by
      differential scanning calorimetry). Membrane orientational order profiles in the
      liquid-crystalline state were generally similar regardless of the particular
      fatty acyl structure, showing a region of relatively constant order preceding a
      region of progressive decline in order toward the methyl terminus of the acyl
      chain. In the gel state, the order profile of the linear saturated fatty acid
      enriched membranes was characteristically flat, with little head to tail
      gradation of order. In contrast, the methyl iso-branched and the methyl anteiso
      branched enriched membranes exhibited a local disordering in the gel phase
      reflected in a very pronounced head to tail gradient of order, which remained at
      temperatures below the lipid phase transition. In addition, the methyl iso- and
      anteiso-branched fatty acid enriched membranes were overall more disordered than
      the membrane containing only linear saturated fatty acyl groups. Thus, at a
      constant value of reduced temperature below the lipid phase transition, overall
      order decreased in the progression 15:0 greater than 16:0i greater than 16:0ai,
      suggesting that these methyl-branched substituents lower the lipid phase
      transition by disrupting the gel phase lipid chain packing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016066
TI  - 2H NMR evidence for antibiotic-induced cholesterol immobilization in biological
      model membranes.
AB  - The interaction of the polyene antibiotic filipin with membrane sterols has been
      studied by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance of the molecular probes
      [2,2,3,4,4,6-2H6]cholesterol and 1-myristoyl-2-[4',4',14',14',14'-2H5]myristoyl
      sn-glycero-3-phospho- choline. At physiological temperatures, there is evidence
      of filipin-induced cholesterol immobilization in the membrane. The 2H NMR spectra
      of cholesterol show two domains in which ordering and dynamics are very
      different. In one of these, cholesterol is static on the 2H NMR time scale,
      whereas in the other it undergoes rapid axially symmetric motions similar to
      those it exhibits in the drug-free membrane; this indicates that the jumping
      frequency of cholesterol between the labile and immobilized domains is less than
      10(5) s-1. The distribution of cholesterol between these two sites is temperature
      dependent; at 0 degrees C all sterol molecules are immobilized, whereas at 60
      degrees C they are almost totally in the labile site. In contrast to cholesterol,
      the phospholipids sense only one type of environment, at both the top and center
      of the bilayer, indicating that cholesterol acts as a screen, preventing the
      lipids from direct interaction with the antibiotic. At low temperature, the
      ordering of the lipid in the presence of cholesterol does not change upon filipin
      addition, whereas at elevated temperatures the local ordering of both the lipid
      and the labile cholesterol is significantly lower than that in the absence of the
      drug. Moreover, there is a very important difference between the degree of local
      ordering as measured by the lipids and by cholesterol at high
      temperatures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016067
TI  - Thermotropic phase behavior of model membranes composed of phosphatidylcholines
      containing iso-branched fatty acids. 1. Differential scanning calorimetric
      studies.
AB  - The thermotropic phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of phosphatidylcholines
      containing one of a series of methyl iso-branched fatty acyl chains was studied
      by differential scanning calorimetry. These compounds exhibit a complex phase
      behavior on heating which includes two endothermic events, a gel/gel transition,
      involving a molecular packing rearrangement between two gel-state forms, and a
      gel/liquid-crystalline phase transition, involving the melting of the hydrocarbon
      chains. The gel to liquid-crystalline transition is a relatively fast, highly
      cooperative process which exhibits a lower transition temperature and enthalpy
      than do the chain-melting transitions of saturated straight-chain
      phosphatidylcholines of similar acyl chain length. In addition, the gel to liquid
      crystalline phase transition temperature is relatively insensitive to the
      composition of the aqueous phase. In contrast, the gel/gel transition is a slow
      process of lower cooperativity than the gel/liquid-crystalline phase transition
      and is sensitive to the composition of the bulk aqueous phase. The gel/gel
      transitions of the methyl iso-branched phosphatidylcholines have very different
      thermodynamic properties and depend in a different way on hydrocarbon chain
      length than do either the "subtransitions" or the "pretransitions" observed with
      linear saturated phosphatidylcholines. The gel/gel and gel/liquid-crystalline
      transitions are apparently concomitant for the shorter chain iso-branched
      phosphatidylcholines but diverge on the temperature scale with increasing chain
      length, with a pronounced odd/even alternation of the characteristic temperatures
      of the gel/gel transition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016068
TI  - Thermotropic phase behavior of model membranes composed of phosphatidylcholines
      containing iso-branched fatty acids. 2. Infrared and 31P NMR spectroscopic
      studies.
AB  - The polymorphic phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of a number of
      representative phosphatidylcholines with methyl iso-branched fatty acyl chains
      was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and phosphorus-31 nuclear
      magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy. For the longer chain
      phosphatidylcholines, where two transitions are resolved on the temperature
      scale, the higher temperature event can unequivocally be assigned to the melting
      of the acyl chains (i.e., a gel/liquid-crystalline phase transition), whereas the
      lower temperature event is shown to involve a change in the packing mode of the
      methylene and carbonyl groups of the hydrocarbon chains in the gel state (i.e., a
      gel/gel transition). The infrared spectroscopic data suggest that the methyl iso
      branched phosphatidylcholines assume a partially dehydrated, highly ordered state
      at low temperatures, resembling the Lc phase recently described for the long
      chain n-saturated phosphatidylcholines. At higher temperatures, some branched
      chain phosphatidylcholines appear to assume a fully hydrated, loosely packed gel
      phase similar to but not identical with the P beta, phase of their linear
      saturated analogues. Thus, the iso-branched phosphatidylcholine gel/gel
      transition corresponds, at least approximately, to a summation of the structural
      changes accompanying both the subtransition and the pretransition characteristic
      of the longer chain n-saturated phosphatidylcholines. The infrared spectroscopic
      data also show that, in the low-temperature gel state, there are significant
      differences between the odd- and even-numbered isoacylphosphatidylcholines with
      respect to their hydrocarbon chain packing modes as well as to their head group
      and interfacial hydration states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016069
TI  - Alkylation of amide linkages and cleavage of the C chain in the enzyme-activated
      substrate inhibition of alpha-chymotrypsin with N-nitrosamides.
AB  - Active-site-directed N-nitrosamides inhibit alpha-chymotrypsin through an enzyme
      activated-substrate mechanism. In this work, the activation results in the
      release--in the active site--of benzyl carbonium ions, which alkylate and inhibit
      the enzyme. The final ratio of benzyl groups to enzyme molecules is 1.0, but the
      alkyl groups are scattered over a number of sites. Reduction and alkylation of
      the inhibited enzyme generate peptides insoluble in most media. Guanidine
      hydrochloride at 6 M proved a good solvent, and its use as an eluant on G-75
      Sephadex permitted separation of the peptides. In the case of 14C-labeled enzyme,
      such an approach has shown that all of the alkylation occurs on the C chain of
      the enzyme, the chain of which the active site is constructed. Chemical
      modification of the peptides with ethylenediamine and N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]
      N'-ethylcarbodiimide rendered them soluble in dilute acid, permitting high
      performance liquid chromatographic separation. Model studies have shown that the
      benzyl carbonium ions are highly reactive, alkylating amide linkages at both
      oxygen and nitrogen. Alkylation at oxygen produces imidate esters, which are
      labile centers. Hydrolysis of protein imidates results in a cleavage of the chain
      at that point, and separation of the peptides formed (followed by analysis)
      permits their identification. In our inhibition of alpha-chymotrypsin, a major
      site of O-alkylation has been identified as the carbonyl oxygen of Ser-214.
      Alkylation at the nitrogen atom of amide linkages generates stable labels; full
      hydrolysis with 6 N HC1 then leads to N-benzyl amino acids characteristic of
      those sites. Chromatography of this mixture and also 13C NMR spectroscopy of the
      intact inhibited enzyme have shown that three major N-alkylations have occurred.
      Tryptic digestion of the C chain of chymotrypsin, which contains all of the
      alkylation sites, provides evidence that the stable N sites are principally
      located between residue 216 and residue 230. These locations are consistent with
      predictions of alkylation sites based on inspection of a molecular model of
      chymotrypsin, with special reference to the aromatic binding pocket.

PMID- 4016070
TI  - Proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance studies of an oligothymidylate
      covalently linked to an acridine derivative and of its binding to complementary
      sequences.
AB  - An oligodeoxynucleotide containing four thymines and covalently attached to an
      acridine derivative through its 3'-phosphate [(Tp)4(CH2)5Acr] was synthesized.
      Its conformation in solution was investigated by proton magnetic resonance. Both
      intramolecular interactions between the acridine dye and thymines and
      intermolecular interactions were demonstrated. Both proton and phosphorus
      magnetic resonances were used to study the specific interaction of (Tp)4(CH2)5Acr
      with poly(rA) and (Ap)3A. The results were compared to those obtained when the
      acridine-containing substituent was replaced by an ethyl group attached to the 3'
      phosphate of the oligothymidylate. The acridine dye strongly stabilized the
      complexes formed with both poly(rA) and (Ap)3A. Upfield shifts of both adenine
      and acridine proton resonances were observed in the complexes. These results were
      ascribed to an intercalation of the acridine ring between A X T base pairs of the
      duplex structure formed by the oligothymidylate with its complementary
      oligoadenylate sequence. An analysis of proton and phosphorus chemical shifts as
      well as measurements of T1 relaxation times at different temperatures allowed us
      to propose several structures for the complexes formed by (Tp)4(CH2)5Acr with its
      complementary sequence.

PMID- 4016071
TI  - In vitro chloroplast protein synthesis by the chromophytic alga Olisthodiscus
      luteus.
AB  - The chloroplasts of chlorophytic and chromophytic plants exhibit significant
      morphological and biochemical differences. Presently, it is impossible to compare
      the influence of ctDNA on the structure and function of organelles within these
      two phylogenetic groups for no data exist in the literature on the profile of
      protein products synthesized by a chromophytic plastid. In this paper, the
      chloroplast DNA coded proteins of the chromophytic plant Olisthodiscus luteus are
      investigated by labeling isolated chloroplasts in vitro. Isolated plastids of
      excellent morphological condition are pulse labeled with [35S]methionine.
      Approximately 100 proteins are detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
      and fluorography. However, these isolated plastids have a number of unusual
      characteristics: (1) they are photosynthetically inactive; (2) in vitro protein
      synthesis is light independent; (3) all proteins synthesized in vitro are
      membrane associated.

PMID- 4016072
TI  - In vivo chloroplast protein synthesis by the chromophytic alga Olisthodiscus
      luteus.
AB  - Information on the ctDNA protein coding profile of the Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta,
      and Chromophyta might provide clues to the evolutionary mechanism(s) by which
      plants diverged into these three phylogenetic groups. The purpose of this study
      was to examine the ctDNA protein coding profile of the chromophytic plant
      Olisthodiscus luteus. Whole cells were labeled in the presence of cycloheximide,
      an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Control experiments demonstrate
      that the chloroplast proteins labeled in vivo by this technique form a distinct
      subset of the total proteins synthesized by the cell. Approximately 50 plastid
      proteins (35 soluble, 15 membrane) were detected after two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and fluorography. Three ctDNA-coded proteins, the large subunit
      of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase, the apoprotein of the P700-chlorophyll a
      protein complex, and the "photogene" were identified. These proteins are also
      coded by chlorophytic ctDNA. Unexpectedly, the ctDNA of Olisthodiscus was shown
      to code for the small subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase. The gene for
      this enzyme subunit is nuclear coded in all chlorophytic plants that have been
      analyzed.

PMID- 4016073
TI  - Enzymatic protein carboxyl methylation at physiological pH: cyclic imide
      formation explains rapid methyl turnover.
AB  - At pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, bovine brain protein carboxyl methyltransferase
      transiently methylates deamidated adrenocorticotropin. The methylation occurs at
      the alpha-carboxyl group of an atypical beta-carboxyl-linked isoaspartyl residue
      (position 25). Several lines of evidence indicate that the immediate product of
      demethylation is an aspartyl cyclic imide involving positions 25 and 26. The
      evidence includes (1) the rapid rate of methyl ester hydrolysis, which is
      consistent with intramolecular catalysis, (2) the inability of the demethylated
      product to be remethylated, (3) the charge of this product, and (4) its rate of
      breakdown. The eventual hydrolysis of the cyclic imide produces a 30/70 mixture
      of peptides containing either alpha- or beta-carboxyl-linked aspartyl residues,
      respectively. Cyclic imide formation is nonenzymatic and can explain the unusual
      lability of mammalian protein methyl esters in general. These findings suggest
      that protein carboxyl methylation in mammalian tissues is not a simple on/off
      reversible modification as it apparently is in chemotactic bacteria. Carboxyl
      methylation may serve to activate selected protein carboxyl groups for subsequent
      longer lasting modifications, possibly subserving a role in protein repair,
      degradation, cross-linking, or some other as yet undiscovered alteration of
      protein structure.

PMID- 4016074
TI  - Encapsulation of hemoglobin in phospholipid liposomes: characterization and
      stability.
AB  - Hemoglobin is encapsulated in liposomes of different lipid composition. The
      resulting dispersion consists primarily of multilamellar liposomes (hemosomes) of
      a wide particle size distribution (diameter ranging mainly between 0.1 and 1
      micron). The encapsulation efficiency is significantly larger with liposomes
      containing negatively charged lipids as compared to liposomes made of
      phosphatidylcholine. The integrity of the phospholipid bilayer is maintained in
      the presence of hemoglobin. The reaction rate of CO binding to encapsulated
      hemoglobin is reduced compared to that of free hemoglobin, but it is still
      greater than that observed in red blood cells. Hemoglobin encapsulated in
      liposomes made from negatively charged phospholipids is less stable than
      hemoglobin entrapped in isoelectric phosphatidylcholine. The instability of
      hemoglobin is due to the protein interacting with the negatively charged lipid
      bilayer. This interaction leads in turn to hemoglobin denaturation, possibly
      involving the dissociation of the heme group from the heme-globin complex. The
      nature of the negatively charged phospholipid is important in promoting the
      interaction with hemoglobin, the effect being in the order phosphatidic acid
      greater than phosphatidylinositol congruent to phosphatidylglycerol greater than
      phosphatidylserine. The presence of equimolar amounts of cholesterol in the
      phospholipid bilayer has a stabilizing effect on hemoglobin. This effect is
      pronounced with saturated phospholipids, but it is also observed, though to a
      lesser extent, with unsaturated ones, indicating that the bilayer fluidity has a
      modulating effect. The presence of cholesterol possibly interferes with secondary
      interactions following the binding of hemoglobin to the negatively charged lipid
      bilayer.

PMID- 4016075
TI  - Conformation and stability of the anion transport protein of human erythrocyte
      membranes.
AB  - The conformation and stability of purified preparations of band 3, the anion
      transport protein of human erythrocyte membranes, and its constituent proteolytic
      subfragments have been studied by circular dichroism. Band 3, purified in the
      presence of the nonionic detergent n-dodecyl octaethylene glycol monoether
      (C12E8), had an alpha-helical content of 46%. Denaturation of purified band 3
      with guanidine hydrochloride occurred in two phases, one reflecting much more
      resistance to denaturation than the other. Band 3 can be separated into two
      domains by limited in situ proteolytic cleavage. The carboxyl-terminal membrane
      associated domain (Mr 55 000) purified in C12E8 contained 58% alpha-helix and was
      very resistant to denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride. The purified amino
      terminal, cytoplasmic domain (Mr 41 000) contained 27% alpha-helix and was
      completely converted to a random-coil conformation by 3 M guanidine
      hydrochloride. The two phases of denaturation observed for intact band 3
      corresponded to the two domains of the protein. Irreversible heat denaturation of
      purified band 3 occurred with half-maximal change in theta 222.5 at 48 degrees C.
      Covalent attachment of the anion transport inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene
      2,2'-disulfonate to band 3 had little effect on the circular dichroism spectra of
      band 3 or the membrane-associated domain but resulted in stabilization of band 3
      to heat denaturation (half-maximal change in theta 222.5 = 61 degrees C).
      Circular dichroism studies of membranes that had been digested extensively with
      proteolytic enzymes and stripped of all extrinsic fragments revealed that the
      portions of red cell membrane proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer
      contain a very high (86-94%) content of alpha-helix.

PMID- 4016076
TI  - Lipid transfer between phosphatidylcholine vesicles and human erythrocytes:
      exponential decrease in rate with increasing acyl chain length.
AB  - The rate of phospholipid transfer from sonicated phospholipid vesicles to human
      erythrocytes has been studied as a function of membrane concentration and lipid
      acyl chain composition. Phospholipid transfer exhibits saturable first-order
      kinetics with respect to both cell and vesicle membrane concentrations. This
      kinetic behavior is consistent either with transfer during transient contact
      between cell and vesicle surfaces (but only if the fraction of the cell surface
      susceptible to such interaction is small) or with transfer of monomers through
      the aqueous phase. The acyl chain composition of the transferred phospholipid
      affects the transfer kinetics profoundly; for homologous saturated
      phosphatidylcholines, the rate of transfer decreases exponentially with
      increasing acyl chain length. This behavior is consistent with passage of
      phospholipid monomers through a polar phase, which might be the bulk aqueous
      phase( as in the monomer transfer model) or the hydrated head-group regions of a
      cell-vesicle complex (transient collision model). Collisional transfer also
      predicts that intercell transfer of phospholipids should be slow compared to cell
      vesicle transfer, as surface charge and steric effects should prevent close
      apposition of donor and acceptor membranes. This is not found;
      dilauroylphosphatidylcholine transfers rapidly between red cells. Thus, the
      observed relationship between acyl chain length and intermembrane phospholipid
      transfer rates likely reflects the energetics of monomer transfer through the
      aqueous phase.

PMID- 4016077
TI  - Determination of the topography of cytochrome b5 in lipid vesicles by
      fluorescence quenching.
AB  - Cytochrome b5, a protein isolated from the endoplasmic reticulum by detergent
      extraction, interacts spontaneously with small unilamellar phosphatidylcholine
      vesicles. When the vesicles are made from 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
      (POPC), the tryptophan fluorescence of the cytochrome is enhanced, and when they
      are made from 1-palmitoyl-2-(dibromostearoyl) phosphatidylcholine (BRPC), the
      fluorescence is quenched. A series of BRPC were synthesized with bromine atoms at
      the 6,7, 9,10, 11,12 or 15,16 positions. The vesicles synthesized from each of
      these lipids were similar in size to those made from POPC. The relative
      fluorescence intensities of the cytochrome b5 in POPC and 6,7-, 9,10-, 11,12- and
      15,16- BRPC were 100, 19.4, 29.4, 37.1, and 54.0, respectively. These data
      suggest that the exposed tryptophan(s) is (are) at a depth of 0.7 nm below the
      surface of the vesicle. Bromine is a collisional quencher; hence, these data may
      indicate the relative position of the lipid annulus around the protein rather
      than the depth of the protein below the average vesicle surface. Cytochrome b5
      contains three potentially fluorescent tryptophans, and determinations of
      fluorescent quantum yield indicate all three potentially fluorescent tryptophans,
      and determinations of fluorescent quantum yield indicate all three are
      fluorescent with an average quantum yield, when in POPC vesicles, of 0.21.
      Fluorescence lifetime measurements by the demodulation technique indicated
      heterogeneity of fluorescence lifetimes in all vesicles. The lifetimes in the
      BRPC vesicles ranged from 2.0 to 2.4 ns compared to a value of 3.3 ns in
      POPC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016078
TI  - Polymorphic phase behavior of cardiolipin derivatives studied by 31P NMR and X
      ray diffraction.
AB  - The polymorphic phase behavior of cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) analogues
      with two to five chains per phospholipid head group, namely, dilysocardiolipin,
      monolysocardiolipin, cardiolipin, and acylcardiolipin, respectively, has been
      studied by 31P NMR and X-ray diffraction. Dilysocardiolipin dispersions at low
      salt concentration are micellar, and a transition to a lamellar phase takes place
      between 1 and 2 M NaCl. From light-scattering measurements, it is also found that
      a transition takes place from the micellar state with a midpoint at 5.2 mM CaCl2,
      0.95 M HClO4, and 1.5 M NaCl. Monolysocardiolipin dispersions are lamellar
      throughout the concentration range from zero to saturated NaCl. Cardiolipin
      dispersions undergo a transition from a lamellar to an inverted hexagonal phase
      between 1 and 2 M NaCl. Acylcardiolipin dispersions are in an inverted hexagonal
      phase throughout the concentration range from zero to saturated NaCl. The
      chemical shift anisotropies of both phosphate groups in dilysocardiolipin and of
      one of the phosphate groups in monolysocardiolipin are drastically reduced in the
      lamellar phase, indicating a different conformation of the phosphatidyl head
      group from that normally found in diacyl phospholipid bilayers. The results
      provide strong support for the "shape" concept of lipid polymorphism when viewed
      in its most general form including configurational entropy, hydrophobic effects,
      etc. and indicate the importance of head-group interactions in determining the
      lipid phase behavior.

PMID- 4016079
TI  - Characterization of initiation factor 3 from wheat germ. 1. Effects of
      proteolysis on activity and subunit composition.
AB  - Wheat germ initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) is a large (15 S) particle containing 10
      subunits with molecular weights ranging from 28 000 to 116 000. Two forms of
      wheat germ eIF-3 which differ in ability to support polypeptide synthesis in
      vitro have been obtained by chromatography on carboxymethyl-Sephadex (CM
      Sephadex). The less active form is not retained on CM-Sephadex in 50 mM KCl and
      contains lower amounts of two subunits, the 116 000-dalton polypeptide (pp116)
      and the 36 000-dalton polypeptide (pp36). The more active form is retained on CM
      Sephadex in 50 mM KCl and is eluted by 150 mM KCl. Treatment of the more active
      form with small amounts of trypsin results in a rapid degradation of four of the
      subunits (pp116, pp107, pp87, and pp36) and in a rapid loss in the ability to
      support polypeptide synthesis. Trypsin treatment also diminishes the ability of
      eIF-3 to support the binding of mRNA to 40S ribosomal subunits. These findings
      indicate that pp116, pp107, pp87, and pp36 are in exposed positions in the eIF-3
      particle and that pp116 and/or pp36 are essential for activity.

PMID- 4016080
TI  - Phenylalanine hydroxylase: absolute configuration and source of oxygen of the 4a
      hydroxytetrahydropterin species.
AB  - The formation of tyrosine from phenylalanine catalyzed by rat liver phenylalanine
      hydroxylase is coupled to the generation of a 4a-hydroxy adduct from the
      requisite tetrahydropterin cofactor. As indicated by its circular dichroism (CD)
      spectrum, the optical activity of the adduct generated from racemic 6
      methyltetrahydropterin requires stereoselectivity of the oxygenation. The
      absolute configuration of this new stereocenter is 4a(S)-hydroxy-6(RS)
      methyltetrahydropterin by analogy to the CD spectrum of one of the four
      stereoisomers of 5-deaza-4a-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropterin. The source of the
      4a-hydroxy oxygen is O2, as demonstrated by the observation of a 18O-induced 13C
      shift in the 13C NMR spectrum of the adduct when generated from [4a-13C]-6
      methyltetrahydropterin and 18O2.

PMID- 4016081
TI  - Circular dichroic evidence for an ordered sequence of ligand/binding site
      interactions in the catalytic reaction of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - A limiting requirement for substrate specificity of the cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase is the presence of one or two basic residues located to the N-terminal
      side of the target substrate serine. Furthermore, circular dichroic (CD) studies
      have shown that binding of protein substrate involves a series of at least two
      independent conformational changes in the enzyme, each of which is initiated by a
      recognition signal on the substrate protein. The present study attempts to
      elucidate further the complete sequence of enzyme/ligand interactions by using
      the synthetic substrate peptide Kemptide and analogues differing from it at
      crucial points in the sequence: the Ala-peptide, where alanine is substituted for
      the target serine, and D-Ser-Kemptide, where the target serine is in the D rather
      than the L configuration. Examination of the effects of binding of these
      substrates on the intrinsic UV CD of the enzyme and the induced CD in the
      presence of Blue Dextran has revealed a third step in the substrate/enzyme
      binding interaction. Although sections of the conformational change at the active
      site are dependent on the basic subsite and the serine hydroxyl group on the
      peptide, respectively, the complete conformational change requires that the
      substrate be bound in random coil conformation. Where this does not occur, the
      kinetics show that the peptide will not act either as substrate or as inhibitor
      of the enzyme. Further, the interaction between the serine hydroxyl group and an
      enzyme tyrosine residue, previously observed, appears to be dependent on the
      correct orientation as well as the mere presence of the target -OH
      group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016082
TI  - Probable role of amphiphilicity in the binding of mastoparan to calmodulin.
AB  - Two-dimensional helical wheel diagrams and calculations of mean hydrophobic
      moments show mastoparan, mastoparan X, and Polistes mastoparan to have all the
      properties expected for amphiphilic helices. Circular dichroic properties are
      consistent with a random form for these peptides in dilute aqueous solution, but
      greater than 50% helix is apparent when the peptides are dissolved in 70%
      trifluoroethanol/water mixtures (v/v) or when the peptides are bound to
      calmodulin. Changes in the fluorescence spectra, anisotropy, and accessibility of
      tryptophan whose indole side chain is on the apolar surface of the amphiphilic
      helix imply a significant role for the apolar surface in the binding of the
      mastoparans and another amphiphilic peptide, melittin, to calmodulin. These data
      provide a useful model for designing high-affinity synthetic peptide inhibitors
      of calmodulin.

PMID- 4016083
TI  - Quaternary structure has little influence on spin states in mixed-spin human
      methemoglobins.
AB  - A key feature of the Perutz stereochemical model for cooperativity in hemoglobin
      is a strong coupling between quaternary structure and the spin state of the heme
      iron [Perutz, M. F. (1979) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 48, 327-386]. While this coupling
      appears to be present for carp azide methemoglobin, it should also be present for
      all liganded forms of human methemoglobin that exhibit a thermal high-spin in
      equilibrium low-spin equilibrium. To test this hypothesis, we have measured the
      changes in spin equilibria upon conversion of six mixed-spin forms of human
      methemoglobin from the R (high-affinity) to the T (low-affinity) quaternary
      structure by addition of inositol hexaphosphate. These experiments were done with
      a sensitive superconducting magnetic susceptibility instrument on solutions at 20
      degrees C in 20 mM maleate buffer, pH 6. The data show zero or small increases in
      high-spin content upon switching from R to T, changes that are equivalent to a
      relative stabilization of the high-spin form by only 0-300 cal mol-1 heme-1.
      These changes in energy are far less than the 1200 cal mol-1 heme-1 predicted
      from the Perutz stereochemical model [Cho, K. C., & Hopfield, J. J. (1979)
      Biochemistry 18, 5826-5833]. That is, these data do not support a view that the
      low affinity of the T state is due to restraints acting through the iron-proximal
      histidine linkage. The mechanistic implications of these results and the
      differences between species and ferric ligands are discussed.

PMID- 4016084
TI  - Steady-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of acyl-alpha
      chymotrypsin.
AB  - When [13C]carbonyl-enriched p-nitrophenyl 5-n-propyl-2-furoate is incubated with
      alpha-chymotrypsin, a new peak appears in the 13C NMR spectrum. On the basis of
      its position and the fact that it is "chased" with unlabeled substrate, we
      conclude that this new signal is due to the acyl-enzyme intermediate. In spectra
      taken during steady-state turnover, the acyl-enzyme ester carbonyl 13C chemical
      shift displays a pH dependence that fits to a titration curve with an apparent pK
      of 7.1 (0.1). The apparent pK of the kcat vs. pH curve for enzyme-catalyzed
      hydrolysis of the same substrate under conditions differing only in reactant
      concentration is 7.0 (0.1). We have found no spectral evidence for a tetrahedral
      intermediate.

PMID- 4016085
TI  - Influence of monovalent cation transport on anabolism of glycosphingolipids in
      cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - We have reported [Saito, M., Saito, M., & Rosenberg, A. (1984) Biochemistry 23,
      1043-1046] that the monovalent cationic ionophore monensin reduced the
      incorporation of labeled galactose into oligosaccharidyl glycosphingolipids
      (globotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide, and gangliosides) and induced a
      cellular accumulation of glucosyl- and lactosylceramide in cultured diploid human
      fibroblasts. We have undertaken further studies on the effects of monensin and
      made comparison with the effects of related monovalent cation transporters on
      plasma membrane glycosphingolipid anabolism in human fibroblasts. Our results
      demonstrate that ionic flux can markedly influence glycosphingolipid synthesis,
      and they indicate that, like glycoprotein, the sites of glycosylation of the
      initial, precursor glycosphingolipids are different from the sites of higher
      glycosylation. At a concentration of 10(-7) M, monensin induced the maximum
      inhibition of incorporation of labeled galactose into polyglycosyl sphingolipids:
      globotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide, and gangliosides; increased
      incorporation of labeled galactose into glucosyl- and lactosylceramide was
      clearly evident, and their content rose measurably in the cell at concentrations
      of monensin as low as 10(-8) M. These effects of monensin were reversible.
      Incorporation of labeled galactose into higher glycosylated neutral
      glycosphingolipids and gangliosides slowly resumed, and the accumulated
      glycosylceramide diminished after removal of monensin from the culture medium.
      Ouabain (plasma membrane Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor) and A23187 (Ca2+ ionophore)
      also caused a rapid increase in incorporation of labeled hexose into
      glucosylceramide and decreased its incorporation into higher neutral
      glycosphingolipids and into gangliosides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016086
TI  - Interaction of calmodulin with the red cell and its membrane skeleton and with
      spectrin.
AB  - The binding of calmodulin to red cell membrane cytoskeletons and to purified
      spectrin from red cells and bovine brain spectrin (fodrin) has been examined.
      Under physiological solvent conditions binding can be measured by
      ultracentrifugal pelleting assays. The membrane cytoskeletons contained a single
      class of binding sites, with a concentration similar to that of spectrin dimers
      and an association constant of 1.5 X 10(5) M-1. Binding is calcium dependent and
      is suppressed by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine. The binding showed a
      marked dependence on ionic strength, with a maximum at 0.05 M, and a steep
      dependence on pH, with a maximum at pH 6.5. It was unaffected by 5 mM magnesium.
      An azidocalmodulin derivative, under the conditions of our experiments, did not
      label the spectrin-containing complex, although it could be used to demonstrate
      binding to fodrin. Binding of calmodulin to spectrin tetramers and fodrin in
      solution could be demonstrated by a pelleting assay after addition of F-actin.
      Calculations (which are necessarily rough) suggest that at the free calcium
      concentration prevailing in a normal red cell about 1 in 20 of the calmodulin
      binding sites in spectrin will be occupied; this proportion will rise rapidly
      with increasing intracellular calcium. To determine whether inhibition of
      calmodulin binding to red cell proteins disturbs the control of cell shape, as
      has been suggested, calcium ions were removed from the cell by addition of an
      ionophore and of ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic
      acid to the external medium. This did not affect the discoid shape.
      Trifluoperazine still induced stomatocytosis, exactly as in untreated
      cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016087
TI  - Human brain monoamine oxidase type B: mechanism of deamination as probed by
      steady-state methods.
AB  - Recently, evidence has been published which suggests that [Husain, M., Edmondson,
      D. E., & Singer, T.P. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 595-600] monoamine oxidase
      [amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (MAO), EC 1.4.3.4] deaminates phenylethylamine and
      benzylamine via two distinct kinetic pathways which involve either binary or
      ternary complex formation, respectively. These conclusions were drawn largely
      from stopped-flow kinetic analysis performed on purified enzyme removed from its
      native membrane and in the presence of the inhibitory detergent Triton X-100. In
      this study, d-amphetamine and alternative substrates were used as steady-state
      probes of the kinetics of deamination by the B form of human brain MAO using
      native membrane-bound enzyme. Initial velocity studies showed mixed-type patterns
      for amphetamine inhibition of phenylethylamine, tryptamine, and tyramine when
      either amine or oxygen was the varied substrate. Slope and intercept vs.
      amphetamine concentration replots were linear in all cases except for
      phenylethylamine (hyperbolic); Ki values obtained from linear replots of slope or
      intercept values were comparable. In contrast, amphetamine was a competitive
      inhibitor of benzylamine deamination when amine concentration was varied and
      uncompetitive when oxygen concentration was varied; slope and intercept replots
      were linear for both. When benzylamine was the alternative substrate inhibitor
      and tyramine and tryptamine deamination was measured, mixed-type inhibition
      patterns were obtained when either amine or oxygen concentration was varied;
      replots of slope and intercept were linear in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016088
TI  - Tryptophan imaging of membrane proteins.
AB  - A theoretical analysis of resonance energy transfer between protein tryptophan
      and the n-(9-anthroyloxy) (AO) fatty acid probes has been carried out to evaluate
      its potential use in determining the tryptophan distribution in membrane
      proteins. The Forster theory for two-dimensional energy transfer was formulated
      to calculate multiple donor (tryptophan) transfer efficiencies to ensembles of AO
      probes at different depths in the bilayer. The variation of transfer efficiency
      with AO probe depth is found to be a sensitive function of tryptophan position
      and the protein radius but not the dipole-dipole orientation factor or the decay
      heterogeneity of the donor. For single tryptophan-containing proteins the model
      predicts that the tryptophan position can be determined with a precision of about
      2 A. Although for multiple tryptophans there is appreciable deterioration in
      resolution, it is still possible to determine the essential features of the
      distribution such as its first two moments. The positions determined by this
      method are the projections of the tryptophan positions on a plane perpendicular
      to the membrane surface, since the probes distribute uniformly around the
      protein. To analyze the data, a Monte Carlo approach has been developed to search
      for tryptophan distributions compatible with the observed efficiencies and to
      display the results in terms of a tryptophan density map. It is shown that even
      for cases in which little is known about the quantum yield distribution,
      significant information can be determined about the tryptophan spatial
      distribution.

PMID- 4016089
TI  - Energy-transfer study of cytochrome b5 using the anthroyloxy fatty acid membrane
      probes.
AB  - Resonance energy transfer was used to study the structure of cytochrome b5 and
      its nonpolar segment reconstituted into sonicated vesicles of
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. The n-(9-anthroyloxy) (AO) fatty acid probes were
      added to these vesicles, and energy-transfer measurements were carried out
      between tryptophan and AO, tryptophan and the heme moiety of cytochrome b5, and
      AO and heme. Results of these measurements were analyzed by using the methods
      outlined in the previous paper [Kleinfeld, A. M. (1985) Biochemistry (preceding
      paper in this issue)]. We find, in agreement with Fleming et al. [Fleming, P. J.,
      Koppel, D. E., Lau, A. L. Y., & Strittmatter, P. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 5458
      5464], that the fluorescent tryptophan in both forms of the protein is buried
      about 20 A from the surface and that most of the fluorescence is associated with
      a single tryptophan. The results are consistent with the AO probe distance of
      closest approach to the protein, greater for whole b5 than for the nonpolar
      peptide. The tryptophan-heme and AO-heme measurements indicate that the heme
      moiety is about 15 A from the surface of the membrane. The agreement of our
      results with the previous studies supports the description of tryptophan-AO
      energy transfer outlined in the preceding paper.

PMID- 4016090
TI  - Fusion of phospholipid vesicles induced by muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase in the absence of calcium.
AB  - Ca2+-induced fusion of phospholipid vesicles (phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidic
      acid, 9:1 mol/mol) prepared by ethanolic injection was followed by five different
      procedures: resonance energy transfer, light scattering, electron microscopy,
      intermixing of aqueous content, and gel filtration through Sepharose 4-B. The
      five methods gave concordant results, showing that vesicles containing only 10%
      phosphatidic acid can be induced to fuse by millimolar concentrations of Ca2+.
      When the fusing capability of several soluble proteins was assayed, it was found
      that concanavalin A, bovine serum albumin, ribonuclease, and protease were
      inactive. On the other hand, lysozyme, L-lactic dehydrogenase, and muscle and
      yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were capable of inducing vesicle
      fusion. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle, the most
      extensively studied protein, proved to be very effective: 0.1 microM was enough
      to induce complete intermixing of bilayer phospholipid vesicles. Under conditions
      used in this work, fusion was accompanied by leakage of internal contents. The
      fusing capability of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was not affected by
      5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The Ca2+ concentration in the medium, as
      determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, was 5 ppm. Heat-denatured enzyme
      was incapable of inducing fusion. We conclude that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase is a soluble protein inherently endowed with the capability of
      fusing phospholipid vesicles.

PMID- 4016091
TI  - Secondary structure and assembly mechanism of an oligomeric channel protein.
AB  - The alpha-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus is secreted as a water-soluble,
      monomeric polypeptide (Mr 33 182) that can assemble into an oligomeric membrane
      channel. By chemical cross-linking, we have confirmed that the major form of the
      channel is a hexamer. The circular dichroism spectrum of this hexamer in
      detergent revealed that it contains a high proportion of beta-sheet that we
      deduce must lie within the lipid bilayer when the protein is associated with
      membranes. The circular dichroism spectrum of the monomeric toxin in the presence
      or absence of detergent was closely similar to the spectrum of the hexamer,
      suggesting that the secondary structure of the polypeptide is little changed on
      assembly. Results of experiments involving limited proteolysis of the monomer and
      hexamer are consistent with the idea that assembly involves the movement of two
      rigid domains about a hinge located near the midpoint of the polypeptide chain.
      The hydrophilic monomer is thereby converted to an amphipathic rod that becomes a
      subunit of the hexamer.

PMID- 4016092
TI  - Conformational flexibility of neurophysin as investigated by local motions of
      fluorophores. Relationships with neurohypophyseal hormone binding.
AB  - Flexibility of various structural domains of neurophysin and neurophysin
      neurohypophyseal hormone complexes has been investigated through the fast
      rotational motion of fluorophores in highly viscous medium. Despite seven
      intrachain disulfide links, it is shown that some domains of neurophysin remain
      highly flexible. Dimerization of neurophysin does not affect the structural
      integrity of the individual subunits, each subdomain being conformationally
      equivalent within each protomer of the unliganded dimer. The absence of
      heterogeneous fluorescence anisotropy precludes the existence of a dimer
      tautomerization equilibrium. Binding of the hormonal ligands to neurophysin dimer
      promotes a large conformational change over the whole protein structure as
      assessed by differential alterations of the flexibility-rigidity and
      intrasegmental interaction properties of domains that do not participate directly
      to the dimerization/binding areas. The order of free-energy coupling between
      ligand binding and protein subunit association has been evaluated. Data are
      consistent with a model in which the first mole of bound ligand stabilizes the
      dimer by increasing the intersubunit contacts while the second mole of ligand
      induces most of the described conformational change. Accordingly, the positive
      cooperativity between the two dimeric binding sites is linked mainly to the
      binding of the second ligand. The induced structural change is perceived
      differently by each subunit as assessed by opposite local motions of Tyr49 in
      each liganded protomer and leads to the formation of a dimeric complex with a
      global pseudospherical symmetry although containing domains of local asymmetry.

PMID- 4016093
TI  - Purification, characterization, and activation of the glucocorticoid-receptor
      complex from rat kidney cortex.
AB  - The unactivated molybdate-stabilized glucocorticoid receptor (GcR) was purified
      from rat kidney cortex cytosol (RKcC) by using a modification of the procedure
      previously described by this laboratory for rat hepatic receptor. The
      purification includes affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and ion-exchange
      chromatography. The final preparation (approximately 1000-fold pure as determined
      from specific radioactivity) was used in subsequent physicochemical and
      functional analyses. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      (SDS-PAGE) showed a single heavily Coomassie-stained band at 90 kilodaltons.
      Density gradient ultracentrifugation indicated a sedimentation coefficient of
      10.5 +/- 0.05 S (n = 2). Chromatography on an analytical gel filtration column
      produced a Stokes radius (Rs) of 6.4 +/- 0.07 nm (n = 5). The Rs was unchanged
      when the molybdate-stabilized GcR was analyzed in the presence of 400 mM KCl or
      when analyzed in the unpurified (cytosolic) state. In contrast, the hepatic GcR
      was observed to exist as a larger form in cytosol (7.7 +/- 0.2 nm). Following
      purification, or upon gel filtration analysis under hypertonic conditions, the Rs
      was similar to that of the unpurified RKcC GcR. Following removal of molybdate
      from RKcC GcR and thermal activation (25 degrees C/30 min), DNA-cellulose binding
      increased 1.5-2-fold over the unheated control. Addition of RKcC or hepatic
      cytosol (endogenous receptors thermally denatured at 90 degrees C/30 min or
      presaturated with 10(-7) M radioinert ligand) during thermal activation increased
      DNA-cellulose binding an additional 2-6-fold beyond the heated control.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016094
TI  - Inhibition of deoxyhemoglobin S polymerization by biaromatic peptides found to
      associate with the hemoglobin molecule at a preferred site.
AB  - Association of three succinylated biaromatic peptides with deoxyhemoglobin has
      been measured. These peptides composed of indolyl or phenyl rings were found to
      have delta G values for their binding to deoxyhemoglobin between -2.9 and -3.4
      kcal/mol at 23 degrees C. Binding experiments among these peptides demonstrate
      one preferred site, one of strongest binding of the peptide to the Hb molecule,
      as well as the existence of one or more weaker binding sites. Both aromatic side
      chains and at least one of the terminal carboxyl groups of the succinylated
      peptides are involved in the interactions with the hemoglobin (Hb) side chains at
      the preferred binding site. The latter also was found to be capable of binding
      monocyclic moieties of sufficient hydrophobicity, i.e., indolyl ring compounds.
      Increases in deoxyhemoglobin S (deoxy-HbS) solubilities in the presence of these
      three biaromatic peptides show a strong correlation between the values of their
      dissociation constants and their ability to destabilize deoxy-HbS aggregation.
      The symmetric site to which the peptides bind must be located at or near a
      contact site needed to stabilize the deoxy-HbS polymer.

PMID- 4016095
TI  - Formation and characterization of aurothioneins: Au,Zn,Cd-thionein, Au,Cd
      thionein, and (thiomalato-Au)chi-thionein.
AB  - Three gold-containing thioneins (Au,Zn,Cd-Th, Au,Cd-Th, and (TmSAu)chi Th, where
      Th = thionein and TmS = thiomalate) have been prepared by the reactions of horse
      kidney Zn,Cd-thionein with gold thiomalate (AuSTm). When thionein was present in
      excess, the thiomalate ligand was displaced and the protein chelated the gold in
      a bidentate fashion. Primarily zinc but also some cadmium was displaced to form
      Au,Zn,Cd-Th or Au,Cd-Th. Excess AuSTm reacted to form (TmSAu)chi-thionein with
      monodentate coordination of the protein to each bound gold, retention of the
      thiomalate, loss of zinc and cadmium, and an increase in the Stokes radius of the
      product. EXAFS/XANES studies of Au,Zn,Cd-Th and (TmSAu)chi Th established that
      the oxidation states and coordination environments of gold were Au(I)S2 and that
      the gold-sulfur bond distances were 229 and 230 pm, respectively.
      Radioimmunoassay established that the aurothioneins retained their antigenicity
      to native metallothionein antibodies. Metal exchange reactions with gold were
      complete within 5-10 min when Zincon or 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol was used to
      monitor Cd2+ and Zn2+ displacement.

PMID- 4016096
TI  - Optical model studies of the salt-induced 10-30-nm fiber transition in chromatin.
AB  - Fractionated chicken erythrocyte chromatin fibers consisting of 10-mer and 75-mer
      polynucleosomes have been studied by flow birefringence and viscosity over a
      range of Na+ and Mg2+ ion concentrations sufficient to span the 10-30-nm fiber
      transition. Negative intrinsic flow bifringence was observed under all solvent
      conditions investigated. The intrinsic birefringence, obtained from the reduced
      birefringence to intrinsic viscosity ratio, was used to evaluate various optical
      models for the DNA conformation in the fiber. Results are consistent with an
      extended chromatosome-linker "necklace" model for the unfolded, low-salt fiber
      and with a solenoidal model of edge-stacked chromatosomes for the condensed fiber
      at high salts. These results are consistent with and independently corroborative
      of similar models based upon electric dichroism and neutron scattering reported
      by others.

PMID- 4016097
TI  - Gramicidin S synthetase. Temperature dependence and thermodynamic parameters of
      substrate amino acid activation reactions.
AB  - In the biosynthesis of the cyclic decapeptide antibiotic gramicidin S, the
      constituent amino acids are activated by a two-step mechanism involving aminoacyl
      adenylate and thio ester formation which are both reversible processes. The
      dissociation constants (KD) for the gramicidin S synthetase-substrate amino acid
      thio ester complexes are 100-1000-fold lower compared to the KM data of the
      preceding aminoacyl adenylate reactions. The affinity for these substrates is
      appreciably higher at the thio template sites than at the aminoacyl adenylate
      reaction centers. Therefore, the activation equilibria are quantitatively shifted
      toward thio ester formation. A set of thermodynamic parameters for the activation
      processes was determined from the temperature dependence of the KM and KD data.
      Reaction enthalpies were obtained from a van't Hoff analysis of these constants.
      delta G degree for the substrate activation reactions of the heavy enzyme of
      gramicidin S synthetase (GS 2) is predominantly controlled by entropy
      contributions. In contrast, the overall activation and concomitant racemization
      of phenylalanine by phenylalanine racemase (GS 1) are exothermic processes which
      are distinguished by a small negative reaction entropy.

PMID- 4016098
TI  - 4,4'-Bis[8-(phenylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonate] binding to human thrombins: a
      sensitive exo site fluorescent affinity probe.
AB  - The binding of the fluorescent probe 4,4'-bis[8-(phenylamino)naphthalene-1
      sulfonate] (bis-ANS) to human alpha- and gamma-thrombins was investigated. Bis
      ANS binds in a 1:1 complex to both forms of the enzyme, with Kd = 14.8 +/- 2.2
      microM and 5.8 +/- 1.0 microM for alpha- and gamma-thrombin, respectively, at pH
      7.0 [25 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 0.15 M NaC1]. Fluorescence changes
      upon complexation included a considerable (approximately 30-nm) blue shift in the
      fluorescence emission maximum as well as a dramatic increase in the fluorescence
      emission intensity: a 70-fold enhancement was observed with alpha-thrombin vs. a
      approximately 220-fold enhancement with gamma-thrombin. Proflavin was not
      displaced upon bis-ANS binding. The unknown thrombin effectors ATP, Ca(II)ATP,
      Co(III)ATP, phosphate, and pyrophosphate bound with enhancement of the
      fluorescence of the bis-ANS-alpha-thrombin complex. The two inhibitors
      benzamidine and p-chlorobenzylamine as well as heparin caused decreases in bis
      ANS-thrombin fluorescence: valerylamidine had no effect on the fluorescence of
      the bis-ANS-thrombin complex. Kinetic measurements with two chromogenic
      substrates, S-2238 and S-2160, indicated that bis-ANS acts as a partial
      noncompetitive inhibitor of thrombin amidase activity. The kinetic evidence
      combined with the ligand binding results suggests that bis-ANS does not overlap
      the catalytic site. The fluorophore ANS complexed with equal affinity to both
      alpha- and gamma-thrombins (Kd = 24 +/- 4 microM); however, the gamma-thrombin
      ANS complex emission at 470 nm was enhanced 26% more than that for the alpha
      form.

PMID- 4016099
TI  - Human leukocyte cathepsin G. Subsite mapping with 4-nitroanilides, chemical
      modification, and effect of possible cofactors.
AB  - The extended substrate binding site of cathepsin G from human leukocytes has been
      mapped by using a series of peptide 4-nitroanilide substrates. The enzyme has a
      significant preference for substrates with a P1 Phe over those with the other
      aromatic amino acids Tyr and Trp. The S2 subsite was mapped with the substrates
      Suc-Phe-AA-Phe-NA where AA was 13 of the 20 amino acid residues commonly found in
      proteins. The best residues were Pro and Met. The S3 subsite was mapped with the
      sequence Suc-AA-Pro-Phe-NA by using 14 different amino acid residues for AA. The
      two best residues were the isosteric Val and Thr. No significant improvement in
      reactivity was obtained by extending the substrate to include seven different P4
      residues. The kinetic parameters for cathepsin G are significantly slower than
      those for many other serine proteases. Changes in the reaction conditions and
      addition of possible cofactors or ligands were in general found to have little
      effect on the enzymatic activity, while chemical modifications and proteolysis
      destroyed the activity of cathepsin G. Cathepsin G hydrolyzed peptides containing
      model desmosine residues and prefers the hydrophobic picolinoyllysine derivative
      over lysine by substantial margins at both the S4 and S2 subsites but will not
      tolerate it at S3. Substrates with sequences related to the cathepsin G cleavage
      site in angiotensin I and angiotensinogen, and the reactive site of alpha 1
      antichymotrypsin, were hydrolyzed effectively by enzyme, but with unexceptional
      rates. Our results indicate that the natural substrate(s) and function(s) of
      cathepsin G still remain to be discovered.

PMID- 4016100
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance and neutron diffraction studies of the complex of
      ribonuclease A with uridine vanadate, a transition-state analogue.
AB  - The complex of ribonuclease A (RNase A) with uridine vanadate (U-V), a transition
      state analogue, has been studied with 51V and proton NMR spectroscopy in solution
      and by neutron diffraction in the crystalline state. Upon the addition of
      aliquots of U-V at pH 6.6, the C epsilon-H resonances of the two active-site
      histidine residues 119 and 12 decrease in intensity while four new resonances
      appear. Above pH 8 and below pH 5, these four resonances decrease in intensity as
      the complex dissociates. These four resonances are assigned to His-119 and His-12
      in protonated and unprotonated forms in the RNase-U-V complex. These resonances
      do not titrate or change in relative area in the pH range 5-8, indicating a slow
      protonation process, and the extent of protonation remains constant with ca. 58%
      of His-12 and ca. 26% of His-119 being protonated. The results of diffraction
      studies show that both His-12 and His-119 occupy well-defined positions in the
      RNase-U-V complex and that both are protonated. However, while the classic
      interpretation of the mechanism of action of RNase based on the proposal of
      Findlay et al. [Findlay, D., Herries, D. G., Mathias, A. P., Rabin, B. R., &
      Ross, C. A. (1962) Biochem. J. 85, 152-153] requires both His-12 and His-119 to
      be in axial positions relative to the pentacoordinate transition state, in the
      diffraction structure His-12 is found to be in an equatorial position, while Lys
      41 is close to an axial position. Hydrogen exchange data show that the mobility
      and accessibility of amides in the RNase-U-V complex do not significantly differ
      from what was observed in the native enzyme. The results of both proton NMR in
      solution and neutron diffraction in the crystal are compared and interpreted in
      terms of the mechanism of action of RNase.

PMID- 4016101
TI  - Some kinetic characteristics of immobilized protomers and native dimers of
      mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase: an examination of the enzyme mechanism.
AB  - Some kinetic characteristics of immobilized native mitochondrial malate
      dehydrogenase dimers and immobilized protomers, prepared by direct immobilization
      under conditions yielding complete dissociation without substantial unfolding,
      were compared to those of native soluble enzyme. Enzyme was covalently
      immobilized to derivatized porous glass by using a technique which permitted
      subsequent release of bound enzyme with 0.2 M hydroxylamine at room temperature
      and pH 7. Kinetic properties of enzyme released from both immobilized dimers and
      protomers were the same as those for native soluble enzyme, indicating that the
      immobilization reaction per se did not affect the structure. Both immobilized
      native dimers and the immobilized protomers exhibited activity with a pH
      dependence similar to that of native soluble enzyme. The effects of diffusional
      inhibition were demonstrated for both forms of the immobilized enzyme, especially
      for the NADH----NAD+ reaction direction. Intrinsic Michaelis constants of both
      immobilized forms, obtained by extrapolation of apparent values, were similar to
      those of the soluble enzyme. Furthermore, the effects of inhibitors and effectors
      with the immobilized forms were the same as those with native soluble enzyme. For
      example, substrate inhibition was observed with oxalacetate, the inhibitor
      hydroxymalonate was competitive with ketomalonate and uncompetitive with L
      malate, and inhibition was observed with citrate in the NADH----NAD+ direction.
      Thus, immobilization did not appear to suppress the conformational equilibria of
      either protomers or dimers. More significantly, the kinetic characteristics of
      the immobilized protomer were indistinguishable from those of the dimer. Hence, a
      reciprocating mechanism involving subunit interactions cannot be invoked to
      explain the allosteric behavior of this dimeric enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4016102
TI  - Solvent effects on the stability of A7U7p.
AB  - The thermodynamics of double-helix formation were measured spectrophotometrically
      for A7U7 in water at 1 M NaCl and for A7U7p in a variety of solvent mixtures and
      salt. Comparison of the A7U7 results with calorimetric measurements indicates
      duplex formation involves intermediate states. For A7U7p between 0.06 and 0.55 M
      Na+, dTm/d(log [Na+]) = 17.4 degrees C, similar to the value of 19.6 degrees C
      for poly-(A).poly(U) [Krakauer, H., & Sturtevant, J. M. (1968) Biopolymers 6, 491
      512]. At 1 M NaCl, the A7U7p duplex is most stable in 100% water. For 10 mol %
      solutions, the order for A7U7p duplex stability is ethylene glycol greater than
      glycerol greater than ethanol greater than 2-propanol greater than dimethyl
      sulfoxide greater than 1-propanol greater than formamide greater than N,N
      dimethylformamide greater than urea greater than dioxane. Comparison of changes
      in stability and thermodynamic parameters with literature results for proteins
      suggests proteins and A7U7p interact differently with solvent. The results
      suggest hydrophobic bonding is not a major contributor to the stability of the
      A7U7p duplex. Comparisons with bulk solvent surface tension suggest the energy of
      cavity formation is also not a major contributor to duplex stability.

PMID- 4016103
TI  - Plastocyanin conformation. The effect of nitrotyrosine modification and pH.
AB  - Plastocyanin isolated from several species including spinach, poplar, and lettuce
      showed conformational changes both upon reduction and upon lowering the pH as
      determined by near-ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence measurements. The
      fluorescence excitation maximum was at 278 nm for all species of plastocyanin
      measured. In the case of spinach, the emission maximum was at 310-312 nm, similar
      to a tyrosine residue in solution. The fluorescence intensity increased 22% upon
      reduction of plastocyanin at pH 7.0. In poplar plastocyanin, the emission maximum
      was shifted to 335 nm and increased only 10% upon reduction. The 335 nm emission
      peak observed in poplar plastocyanin is attributed to Tyr 80 which is hydrogen
      bonded to a carbonyl group on the protein backbone. Tyr 83 was also shown to
      undergo fluorescence changes upon reduction since the redox state-dependent
      fluorescence changes decreased for a nitrotyrosine (nitrotyrosine-plastocyanin)
      derivative of this residue. These results show that the east face of the
      molecule, which contains both Tyr 80 and 83 as well as a possible binding site,
      undergoes conformational changes upon reduction. These conformational changes may
      be involved in promoting smooth electron transport between plastocyanin and its
      reaction partners. Both the absorption and fluorescence were found to be pH
      dependent. The quantum yield for fluorescence increased sharply below pH 6 for
      both oxidized and reduced spinach plastocyanin. This may be related to the
      appearance of a redox-inactive form of reduced plastocyanin. The conformational
      changes observed at low pH may provide a mechanism for control of electron
      transport by the proton gradient. Low concentrations of CaCl2 (10 mM) had no
      effect on plastocyanin fluorescence. However, addition of 2.7 M (NH4)2SO4
      eliminated the redox-dependent fluorescence changes.

PMID- 4016104
TI  - Organization of ganglioside GM1 in phosphatidylcholine bilayers.
AB  - Molecules of the ganglioside GM1 are randomly distributed in liquid-crystalline 1
      palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine bilayers. This conclusion is based on a
      freeze-etch electron microscopic study using ferritin-conjugated cholera toxin
      and cholera toxin alone as ganglioside labels. The average number of GM1
      molecules under a label is calculated by a novel method from the dependence of
      the fraction of bilayer area covered by the label on the mole fraction of GM1 in
      the bilayer.

PMID- 4016105
TI  - A calorimetry and deuterium NMR study of mixed model membranes of 1-palmitoyl-2
      oleylphosphatidylcholine and saturated phosphatidylcholines.
AB  - Binary phase diagrams have been constructed from differential scanning
      calorimetry (DSC) data for the systems 1-palmitoyl-2-oleylphosphatidylcholine
      (POPC)/dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), POPC/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
      (DPPC) and POPC/distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC). Mixtures of POPC with DMPC
      exhibit complete miscibility in the gel and liquid crystalline states. Mixtures
      of POPC with DPPC or with DSPC exhibit gel phase immiscibility over the
      composition range 0-75% DPPC (or DSPC). These results, when taken together with
      previous studies of mixtures of phosphatidylcholines, are consistent with the
      hypothesis that PCs whose order-disorder transition temperatures (Tm values)
      differ by less than 33 deg. C exhibit gel state miscibility. Those whose Tm
      values differ by more than 33 deg. C exhibit gel state immiscibility. 2H-NMR
      spectroscopy has been used to further study mixed model membranes composed of
      POPC and DPPC, in which either lipid has been labeled with deuterium in the 2-,
      10- or 16-position of the palmitoyl chain(s) or in the N-methyls of the choline
      head group. POPC/DPPC mixtures in the liquid crystalline state are intermediate
      in order between pure POPC and DPPC at the same temperature. The POPC palmitoyl
      chain is always more disordered than the palmitoyl chains of DPPC in liquid
      crystalline POPC/DPPC mixtures. This is attributed to the fact that a POPC
      palmitoyl chain is constrained by direct bonding to have at least one oleyl chain
      among its nearest neighbors, while a DPPC palmitoyl chain must have at least one
      neighboring palmitoyl chain. When liquid crystalline POPC, DPPC and POPC/DPPC
      mixtures are compared at a reduced temperature (relative to the acyl chain order
      disorder transition), POPC/DPPC mixtures are more disordered than predicted from
      the behavior of the pure components, in agreement with enthalpy data derived from
      DSC studies. Within the temperature range of the broad phase transition of 1:1
      POPC/DPPC, a superposition of gel and liquid crystalline spectra is observed for
      1:1 POPC/[2H]DPPC, while 1:1[2H]POPC/DPPC exhibits only a liquid crystalline
      spectrum. Thus, at temperatures within the phase transition region, the liquid
      crystalline phase is POPC-rich and the gel phase is DPPC-rich. Comparison of the
      liquid crystalline quadrupole splittings within the thermal phase transition
      range suggests that mixing of the residual liquid crystalline POPC and DPPC is
      highly non-ideal.

PMID- 4016106
TI  - Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase regulation. Effect of fluidity of
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles.
AB  - The regulation of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase by changes in phospholipid
      bilayer fluidity was investigated using pyrene excimer fluorescence to measure
      fluidity. Fluidity of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) unilamellar vesicles
      was decreased by the addition of up to 20% (mol/mol) cholesterol and increased by
      the addition of up to 10% (mol/mol) lysoDMPC. When both cholesterol and lysoDMPC
      are present in the bilayer, their individual effects on fluidity are altered.
      These changes can be explained by complex formation between cholesterol and
      phospholipid as in the model of Presti et al. (Presti, F.C., Pace, R.J. and Chan,
      S.I. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 3831-3335). Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase
      activity with these vesicles as substrates was measured to determine whether
      activity can be modulated by the fluidity changes of the bilayer on which the
      enzyme acts. When 10% lysoDMPC, a known lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase
      inhibitor, is added to the vesicles, inhibition of activity is observed. When
      7.5% lysoDMPC is added to vesicles which contain either 5 or 10% cholesterol,
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity increases. This increase in
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity due to vesicle-fluidity increase is
      sufficient to overcome the decrease in activity due to lecithin:cholesterol
      acyltransferase inhibition. This is the first report of the ability of lysoDMPC
      to increase lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity.

PMID- 4016107
TI  - Inhibition of platelet aggregation by synthetic phosphatidylcholines: possible
      involvement of vesiculation of platelet plasma membranes.
AB  - Synthetic phosphatidylcholines inhibited thrombin-induced aggregation of rabbit
      platelets. The inhibitory effect of the phosphatidylcholines increased with an
      increase in the chain-length of the constituent fatty acids up to 12, and then
      decreased, and C14:0PC and C16:0PC did not inhibit platelet aggregation. The
      activity of synthetic phosphatidylcholines as to induction of vesiculation of
      platelet plasma membranes (Kobayashi, T., Okamoto, H., Yamada, J.-I., Setaka, M.
      and Kwan, T. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 778, 210-218) and the inhibitory
      effect of these phosphatidylcholines on platelet aggregation showed the same
      dependence on the constituent fatty acids of the phosphatidylcholines. The
      amounts of phosphatidylcholines required for 50% inhibition of platelet
      aggregation correspond very well to those required for 15% exfoliation of
      acetylcholinesterase activity, suggesting that there is a close relationship
      between platelet aggregation and vesiculation of the platelet plasma membrane.
      The possible mechanism of inhibition of platelet aggregation by synthetic
      phosphatidylcholines is discussed.

PMID- 4016108
TI  - The monensin-mediated transport of sodium ions through phospholipid bilayers
      studied by 23Na-NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - The monensin-mediated transport of sodium ions through the walls of large
      unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine was studied using 23Na-NMR and
      aqueous shift reagents. The transport is dynamic on the NMR time-scale and is
      strictly first order in monensin over the concentration ranges studied indicating
      that transport occurs by a 1:1 Na+-ionophore complex. Transport appears to be
      inhibited by increasing concentrations of Na+.

PMID- 4016109
TI  - Na+-dependent alkaline earth metal uptake in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.
AB  - The ability of alkaline earth metals (M2+) to substitute for Ca2+ in Na+-Ca2+
      exchange was examined in sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from the canine heart.
      85Sr2+ and 133Ba2+, in addition to 45Ca2+, were used to determine the
      characteristics of Na+-M2+ exchange. The Na+i-dependent M2+ uptake was measured
      as a function of time, with t ranging from 0.5 to 360 s, [Na+]i = 140 mM and
      [M2+]o = 40 microM. This function was linear for Ca2+ and Sr2+ uptake for approx.
      6 s and for Ba2+ for about 60 s. Plateau levels were achieved within 120 s for
      Ca2+ and Sr2+ but Ba2+ took considerably longer. The Km values for Na+-M2+
      exchange, derived from Eadie-Hofstee plots, were 30, 58, and 73 microM for Ca2+,
      Sr2+ and Ba2+, respectively. The Na+i-dependent uptake of all three ions was
      stimulated in the presence of 0.36 microM valinomycin. Na+-Ca2+ exchange was also
      measured in the presence of either 20 microM Sr2+ or 100 microM Ba2+. Both of
      these ions behaved (at these concentrations) as competitive inhibitors of Na+
      Ca2+ exchange with the KI being 32 microM for Sr2+ and 92 microM for Ba2+.
      Passive efflux was determined by first allowing Na+-M2+ exchange to continue to
      plateau values and then diluting the loaded vesicles in the presence of EGTA. The
      rate constants for the passive efflux were 8.4, 6.3 and 4.4 min-1 for Ca2+, Sr2+
      and Ba2+, respectively.

PMID- 4016110
TI  - Pressure effects on mechanisms of charge transport across bilayer membranes.
AB  - Ion transport across diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine/decane bilayer membranes was
      measured as a function of hydrostatic pressure over the range 0.1-100 MPa (1-1000
      atm). Carrier-mediated K+ conductance decreased with increasing pressure,
      yielding positive activation volumes of 45 A3 per complex for valinomycin
      mediated transport, and 74 A3 per complex in the case of nonactin. Comparison
      with the known pressure dependence of the viscosity of bulk alkane liquids
      supports the view that the rate limiting step for carrier-mediated transport is
      the translocation of the carrier-cation complex across an essentially fluid
      hydrocarbon membrane core. The parameters characterizing transient conductance by
      the hydrophobic anions, dipicrylaminate and tetraphenylborate, by contrast, were
      found to be insensitive to pressure over the range available. This was also the
      case for the steady-state conductance observed at elevated concentrations of both
      tetraphenylborate and the hydrophobic cation, tetraphenylarsonium. The quasi
      stationary conductance observed at elevated concentrations of dipicrylaminate
      did, however, decrease significantly with increasing pressure, indicating a
      positive activation volume of 20 A3 per ion. Alternative explanations of this
      more complex response of hydrophobic ions to pressure are considered. Ancillary
      measurements of specific membrane capacitance revealed an increase of about 10%
      with an increase of pressure to 100 MPa, yielding an estimated membrane
      compressibility on the order of 10(-9) m2 X N-1, comparable to that of bulk
      liquid hydrocarbons.

PMID- 4016111
TI  - Deuterium NMR study of the effect of n-alkanol anesthetics on a model membrane
      system.
AB  - The effects of 25 mol% incorporation of two anesthetics, 1-octanol and 1-decanol,
      on a deuterated, saturated phospholipid in 50 wt% aqueous multilamellar
      dispersions have been studied by 2H-NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning
      calorimetry (DSC). The phospholipid used is sn-2 substituted '[2H31]
      palmitoylphosphatidylcholine' (PC-d31). DSC thermograms demonstrate that PC-d31
      has phase behavior qualitatively similar to that of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, with a pretransition at 31 degrees C and a main
      gel to liquid crystalline transition at 40 degrees C. Analysis of the temperature
      dependent 2H-NMR spectra in terms of the first moment, which is extremely
      sensitive to the phospholipid phase, shows that 1-octanol and 1-decanol depress
      and broaden the main transition. This is confirmed by DSC, which shows that the
      pretransition is eliminated by the 1-alkanols. The carbon-deuterium bond order of
      the phospholipid deuterated acyl chains, in the presence and absence of 1
      alkanols, was determined from deuterium quadrupolar splittings. Spectra were
      analyzed using the depaking technique. A 1-alkanol concentration of 25 mol% had
      no significant effect on the profile of the carbon-deuterium bond order parameter
      SCD along the phospholipid acyl chain at 50 degrees C. Thus, it appears that the
      liquid crystalline phase is able to accommodate large amounts of linear
      anesthetic molecules without substantial effect on molecular ordering within the
      membrane bilayer. Preliminary results show that the transverse relaxation rates
      of the acyl chain segments are significantly decreased by the presence of 1
      octanol or 1-decanol.

PMID- 4016112
TI  - Surprising thermal transition in fish myelin.
AB  - A new structural transition in nerve myelin has been discovered by means of X-ray
      diffraction of excised teleost nerves in physiological saline. The reversible
      transition is between two structures, designated AS and AL, with repeating
      distances (d spacings) differing by 25-35 A. When the temperature of bream spinal
      cord is lowered from room temperature to 4 degrees C, much but not all of the AS
      (short spacing) myelin changes into AL (long spacing) myelin. The change is
      reversed when the temperature is raised back to 22 degrees C, and it occurs a
      second time when the temperature is lowered again to 4 degrees C. The myelin in
      bream optic nerve undergoes a similar thermal transition, but the myelin in
      brachial plexus does not. The thermal transition does not involve the liquid
      crystal-to-gel transition observed in lipids and natural membranes. When a
      specimen is kept at constant temperature, there is a gradual conversion from AS
      to AL myelin which is not thermally reversible, suggesting the existence of two
      distinct subclasses of AL. Similarly, two subclasses are indicated for AS myelin
      since part of it does not transform thermally. The observations reported here may
      have significance for the evolutionary development of myelin.

PMID- 4016113
TI  - Calcium-dependence of sugar transport in rat small intestine.
AB  - The involvement of Ca2+ in the theophylline action on sugar transport was
      investigated in isolated rat small intestinal mucosa. Theophylline significantly
      increased cell water free sugar accumulation and reduced mucosal to serosal sugar
      fluxes both in the presence and absence of calcium, but the effects of
      theophylline were significantly less in calcium free media. In theophylline
      untreated tissues, calcium-deprived bathing solutions decreased tissue galactose
      accumulation and increased mucosal to serosal sugar flux. The calcium-channel
      blocker verapamil produced similar effects on intestinal galactose transport to
      those induced by low extracellular calcium activity. RMI 12330A and the
      calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine abolished the theophylline-effects on
      intestinal galactose transport. Both drugs also affected sugar transport in basal
      conditions. These studies suggest that calcium might modulate sugar permeability
      across the basolateral boundary of rat enterocytes, and that its effect may be
      mediated by calmodulin.

PMID- 4016114
TI  - Propionate transport in rat liver cells.
AB  - Propionate extraction by liver is generally in the range of 95%, which could
      depend on a transport process across the cell membrane. The study reports
      conditions in which [14C]propionate uptake can be measured with minimal
      interferences from metabolism. Propionate uptake by isolated hepatocytes was
      mediated by two components: a low-affinity component of limited physiological
      interest and a high-affinity (apparent Km about 0.15 mM) component. This last
      component displayed a high capacity but was not Na+-dependent nor concentrative.
      Propionate transport was not markedly affected by acetate, butyrate or other C3
      glucogenic compounds; it was inhibited by halogenated monocarboxylates,
      monochloroacetate and 2-chloropropionate being the most potent. Classical
      inhibitors of anion transport and of functional-SH groups were ineffective.
      Propionate uptake was responsive to external pH: stimulated by acidic and
      depressed by alkaline pH. Hepatic uptake of propionate in vivo was practically
      quantitative up to 0.8-1.0 mM in afferent plasma, in keeping with the measured
      capacity of the high-affinity component. It is suggested that propionate uptake
      is essentially carrier mediated but this process should not be rate limiting for
      hepatic utilization in physiological conditions.

PMID- 4016115
TI  - Ganglioside alterations in stimulated murine macrophages.
AB  - A two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic technique has been used to separate
      and display gangliosides from murine peritoneal macrophages in different
      functional states. Resident macrophages have a relatively simple ganglioside
      pattern with about 15 resorcinol-positive spots. Gangliosides from resident cells
      contained mostly (90%) N-glycolylneuraminic acid. Thioglycolate-elicited and
      Corynebacterium parvum-activated macrophages have much more complex patterns with
      about 40 resorcinol-positive spots. Although ganglioside sialic acid content of
      stimulated macrophages was only slightly higher than that of resident cells, it
      consisted of nearly equal amounts of N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acid. The
      shift in the ganglioside sialic acid type and the expression of different
      gangliosides in macrophages upon stimulation may help explain some of the
      differences in function and responsiveness noted in these macrophage populations.

PMID- 4016116
TI  - Calcium-mediated fusion to produce ultra large osmotically active mitochondrial
      inner membranes of controlled protein density.
AB  - We have developed a new membrane fusion method which produces ultra large,
      spherical mitochondrial inner membranes attached to microscope slides. The fused
      inner membranes measured up to 200 microns in diameter. The technique fuses
      native inner membranes as well as inner membranes in which the protein density
      has been varied by enriching with exogenous phospholipid. The fusion process is
      accomplished through the use of calcium, low pH and elevated temperature.
      Characterization of the fused membranes was carried out using phase,
      fluorescence, and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. These ultra large, fused
      inner membranes were found to model the inner membranes from which they were
      formed. The fused inner membranes were found to be osmotically active and are
      large enough for measuring the lateral diffusion of membrane components by
      fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and are large enough for
      microelectrode impalement.

PMID- 4016117
TI  - Bifunctional compound study of the active-centre location of cytochrome P-450 in
      a microsomal membrane ('float' molecules method).
AB  - A new approach, which we call 'float' molecules method for the determination of
      the active-centre location of cytochrome P-450 in a microsomal membrane, is
      proposed. We have synthesized new bifunctional compounds with the general
      formula: R-(CH2)n-S-CH2-CH(PO3H2)2, where n = 0,3,5,6,7,10 and R is a naphthalene
      containing radical. The compounds inhibit oxidation and binding of cytochrome P
      450 substrates of type I (naphthalene, aminopyrine) and of type II (aniline). The
      inhibition is of a competitive character. Compounds (I-V) neither affect NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase, nor induce conversion of cytochrome P-450. A lipid
      soluble fluorescent probe (1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene) has been used to show
      that these compounds do not affect melting of microsomal membrane. The 31P-NMR
      method has demonstrated compound (III) to be incorporated into microsomal
      membrane so that the hydrophilic part is in the water phase. The data obtained
      make it possible to estimate the distance (r) between the membranes surface and
      Fe3+ in the active centre of the enzyme (r less than or equal to 20 A) under the
      assumption that all molecules of cytochrome P-450 are equally remote from the
      membrane surface.

PMID- 4016118
TI  - The accuracy of protein synthesis in reticulocyte and HeLa cell lysates.
AB  - The accuracy of translation in protein synthesis is measured as the rate of
      misincorporation of a particular amino acid, different from that specified by an
      mRNA codon, into protein. The cowpea variant of tobacco mosaic virus, CcTMV,
      contains no cysteine or methionine in its coat protein. Translation in vitro of
      purified CcTMV coat protein mRNA by rabbit reticulocyte and HeLa cell lysates has
      been performed. The coat protein product was purified by immunoprecipitation with
      specific antisera, and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The error rate was measured by comparing the incorporation of
      [35S]cysteine with incorporation of [3H]leucine, and the total CcTMV coat protein
      synthesized was calculated from its known leucine content. An error rate of (1-2)
      X 10(-3) cysteines/CcTMV coat protein was obtained with reticulocyte lysates. If
      errors were cysteine incorporation in place of arginine, this number is converted
      to 3 X 10(-4) cysteine/codon. If cysteine was incorporated anywhere in the
      polypeptide, the rate is 9 X 10(-6) cysteines/amino acid. The error frequencies
      with HeLa cell lysates were 6-fold higher. Paromomycin, a eukaryotic misreading
      antibiotic, increased error rates 10-fold in both lysates. These data compare
      well with in vivo measurements and suggest that some transformed cells may
      survive with higher mistranslation rates.

PMID- 4016119
TI  - Condensation of the chromatin gel by cations.
AB  - Calf thymus chromatin gel, containing strongly bound nonhistone proteins, was
      used to study the effect of easily removable and tightly bound cations on the
      condensation of chromatin. The chromatin volume was found to be linearly
      dependent on the reciprocal square root of the concentration of easily removable
      cations (Tris X H+ + Na+ and Mg2+) except for the initial stages of condensation
      (up to 7-10 mM monovalent and 0.15-0.2 mM divalent cations). The effect of Mg2+
      at the initial stage of condensation was not reproduced by Na+ and vice versa. At
      higher concentrations the effects of Na+ and Mg2+ were additive. The removal of
      tightly bound divalent cations by a treatment of the chromatin gel with 1,10
      phenanthroline led to an approx. 50% increase in the volume of the chromatin gel,
      which was maintained at each concentration of easily removable cations. The 1,10
      phenanthroline-caused decondensation of the chromatin gel was reversed by Ca2+
      but not by Mg2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+. The chromatin gel pretreated with Ca2+ was not
      further decondensed by 1,10-phenanthroline.

PMID- 4016120
TI  - Messenger RNA turnover during bone marrow erythroid cell differentiation.
AB  - Incubation of bone marrow cells from anaemic rabbits in the presence of
      actinomycin D led to a decrease in total protein synthesis and an increase in the
      relative synthesis of globin. This increase in the proportion of globin was
      observed with in vivo labelling of cellular proteins and in vitro translation of
      isolated RNA, which indicates that the messenger RNA for globin is much more
      stable than the other bone marrow cell messages. This was further shown by pulse
      labelling the RNA and characterization of the different species by separation on
      a cDNA-oligo(dT)-cellulose column. Within 12 h after pulse-labelling the relative
      levels of globin mRNA had risen 10-fold, while a rapid decrease in the level of
      the poly(A)-rich RNA fraction was observed. Investigations into the mechanisms of
      this differential stability indicate that the more metabolically active cells
      from the early stages of erythropoietic development are more susceptible to
      inhibitors of RNA synthesis such as actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin. A
      preliminary study using a lysosomal inhibitor, chloroquine, indicates that there
      appear to be at least two degradative mechanisms, involving a lysosomal and a non
      lysosomal pathway, with selective specificity for different messages.

PMID- 4016121
TI  - The nuclear matrix continues DNA synthesis at in vivo replicational forks.
AB  - Alkaline cesium chloride gradient analysis of in vivo [3H]bromodeoxyuridine
      labeled and in vitro [alpha-32P]dCTP-labeled DNA was used to determine whether in
      vitro DNA synthesis in regenerating rat liver nuclei and nuclear matrices
      continued from sites of replication initiated in vivo. At least 70 and 50% of the
      products of total nuclear and matrix-bound in vitro DNA synthesis, respectively,
      were continuations of in vivo initiated replicational forks. The relationship of
      the in vitro DNA synthetic sites in total nuclei versus the nuclear matrix was
      examined by using [3H]bromodeoxyuridine triphosphate to density label in vitro
      synthesized DNA in isolated nuclei and [alpha-32P]dCTP to label DNA synthesized
      in isolated nuclear matrix. A minimum of about 40% of matrix-bound DNA synthesis
      continued from sites being used in vitro by isolated nuclei. Furthermore, nuclear
      matrices prepared from in vitro labeled nuclei were 5-fold enriched in DNA
      synthesized by the nuclei and were several-fold enriched, compared to total
      nuclear DNA, in a particularly high density labeled population of DNA molecules.

PMID- 4016122
TI  - Regulation of protein synthesis in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2
      and eukaryotic recycling factor eRF from neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - eIF-2 purified from neuroblastoma cells consists of three subunits, which appear
      to be of molecular weight identical to those of the subunits of rabbit
      reticulocyte eIF-2. A protein fraction has been isolated from neuroblastoma cells
      with characteristics similar to eRF from reticulocytes: stimulation of amino acid
      incorporation in a hemin-deprived reticulocyte lysate, the removal of GDP from
      eIF-2-GDP complexes, a 4-5-fold stimulatory effect in a two-step reaction
      measuring 40 S preinitiation complex formation and a 3-3.5-fold stimulation in
      the methionyl-puromycin synthesis. In the methionyl-puromycin-synthesizing system
      phosphorylated eIF-2 is not responsive to the addition of this fraction from
      neuroblastoma cells. The protein fraction contains eRF which seems to be similar
      to the eRF isolated from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and somewhat distinct from
      the reticulocyte factor. Incubation of neuroblastoma cell lysate in the presence
      of [gamma-32P]ATP results in the phosphorylation of a protein of Mr 36 000,
      migrating on SDS-polyacrylamide gels to the position of eIF-2 alpha. This protein
      is also phosphorylated in vitro by HRI from reticulocytes. These results may
      reflect a common underlying principle for the quantitative regulation of protein
      synthesis in eukaryotic cells.

PMID- 4016123
TI  - Neither adriamycin nor actinomycin D displaces Tb3+ from DNA.
AB  - The decay of fluorescence of Tb3+ bound to DNA was measured in the absence and
      presence of adriamycin and actinomycin D. The decay for Tb3+ bound to DNA was
      mainly exponential (lifetime: tau = 0.96 ms). In the presence of adriamycin or
      actinomycin D, the Tb3+ fluorescence decayed much faster, indicating that
      excitation energy was transferred from Tb3+ to the drugs. Extrapolation of the
      decay curves to zero time showed that the number of strongly emitting, DNA-bound
      terbium ions was not reduced by the presence of adriamycin or actinomycin D.
      Hence, these drugs do not seem to displace Tb3+ bound to DNA.

PMID- 4016124
TI  - Evidence against a temperature-dependent conformational change in urocanase from
      Pseudomonas putida.
AB  - Enzymatic activity of urocanase (4-imidazolone-5-propionate hydro-lyase, EC
      4.2.1.49) has an unusual resistance to temperature changes, and a temperature
      dependent conformational change has been suggested (Hug, D.H. and Hunter, J.K.
      (1974) Biochemistry 13, 1427-1431). A conformational change or dissociation has
      been proposed in the range of 29-31 degrees C (Cohn, M.S., Lynch, M.C. and
      Phillips, A.T. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 377, 444-453). In this work, no
      evidence was found for a temperature-dependent conformational change or
      dissociation. Arrhenius plots of Km and Vmax were linear; the sedimentation
      coefficient was independent of temperature; tryptophanyl fluorescence was a
      linear function of temperature; and heat capacity calorimetry showed no
      transitions below 60 degrees C.

PMID- 4016125
TI  - Energy difference associated with proline isomerization in ribonuclease A.
AB  - We examined energy differences caused by the cis-trans transformation of every
      proline residues in the native structure of RNAase A. The results show that the
      cis form of Pro-93 and Pro-114 gave the lowest conformational energy, i.e.,
      conformations after conversion of one of the proline residues to the trans form
      had a little higher energy; the transformation of Pro-42 and Pro-117 to the cis
      form, on the other hand, caused a much higher energy increase.

PMID- 4016126
TI  - Hamster hepatic cytochrome b5: purifications, immunochemical properties, and in
      vitro synthesis.
AB  - Cytochrome b5 has been purified from hamster liver microsomes. Both Ouchterlony
      double-diffusion and rocket immunoelectrophoresis experiments indicate that no
      immuno-cross-reactivity exists between guinea-pig anti-rabbit cytochrome b5
      antibody and hamster cytochrome b5. However, anti-rabbit b5 IgG inhibited both
      hamster microsomal NADH-cytochrome c reductase and NADPH-dependent 7
      ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase activities. Hamster cytochrome b5 stimulated several
      reconstituted hamster cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activities and
      this stimulatory effect could be inhibited by antibody against rabbit cytochrome
      b5. Two-dimensional iodinated tryptic peptide mapping experiments provided
      evidence that the polypeptide fingerprint of hamster cytochrome b5 is
      substantially different from the fingerprints of cytochrome b5 isolated from
      rabbit, rat and bovine. We also studied the in vitro synthesis of hamster
      cytochrome b5 from liver mRNA using a wheat germ lysate system. A 16 kDa
      polypeptide, which is the same size as hamster cytochrome b5, was
      immunoprecipitated by antibody against rabbit b5. This experiment suggested that
      in vitro synthesized hamster cytochrome b5 is recognized by a heterologous
      antibody. Thus, hamster and rabbit cytochrome b5 do share some common immuno
      determinants which may be located close to the heme-binding active site.

PMID- 4016127
TI  - Solvent accessibility to flavin in oxynitrilase.
AB  - Oxynitrilase containing 2-thioFAD [C(2) = S] in place of FAD exhibits catalytic
      activity similar to that of native enzyme. Reaction of methyl
      methanethiolsulfonate with 2-thioFAD bound to oxynitrilase results in the
      formation of the corresponding flavin disulfide [C(2)-SSCH3]. Normal flavin [C(2)
      = O] is formed by reacting 2-thioFAD oxynitrilase with m-chloroperoxybenzoate or
      H2O2. Both reactions proceed via a spectrally detectable flavin 2-S-oxide
      intermediate [C(2) = S+-O-], but sizable amounts of this intermediate accumulate
      only in the m-chloroperoxybenzoate reaction (about 40%). While similar reactions
      have been reported with free 2-thioflavin, kinetic and other data indicate that
      the oxynitrilase reactions occur with intact enzyme. This shows that the 2
      position of the pyrimidine ring in the bound coenzyme is accessible to solvent.
      The data are consistent with previous studies on the reaction of peroxides with
      oxynitrilase-bound 5-deazaFAD which show that the pyrimidine ring is accessible
      at position 4. Analogous studies indicate that the pyrimidine ring is buried in
      the case of flavin bound to lactate oxidase, since the data indicate that both
      positions 2 and 4 are inaccessible to solvent.

PMID- 4016128
TI  - Ultrasonic absorption in myoglobin and other globular proteins.
AB  - The ultrasonic absorption of myoglobin has been measured by the resonance and
      pulse-echo techniques as a function of pH. The absorption at a given frequency
      can be separated into pH-dependent and pH-independent contributions. Like other
      proteins, two peaks at pH 3 and 11.5 are observed which can be accounted for a
      proton-transfer reactions of the side-groups. In addition, the absorption
      undergoes a large increase within a small range of 0.2 pH unit at pH around 4,
      when denaturation of myoglobin occurs, indicating that the absorption is
      sensitive to the overall protein conformation. To elucidate the origin of the pH
      independent component, the absorptions of several other globular proteins at
      neutral pH are also measured. The absorptions of these proteins exhibit a linear
      correlation with their isothermal compressibilities, suggesting that the pH
      independent component is related to volume fluctuations of protein molecules. The
      activation energy of 4 kcal/mol found for this relaxation is consistent with such
      an interpretation.

PMID- 4016129
TI  - An essential tryptophan residue for rabbit muscle creatine kinase.
AB  - The tryptophan residues in rabbit muscle creatine kinase (ATP:creatine N
      phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) have been modified by dimethyl(2-hydroxy-5
      nitrobenzyl) sulfonium bromide after reversible protection of the reactive SH
      groups. The modification of two tryptophan residues as measured by
      spectrophotometric titration leads to complete loss of enzymatic activity.
      Control experiments show that reversible protection of the reactive SH groups as
      S-sulfonates followed by reduction results in nearly quantitative recovery of
      enzyme activity. The presence of a 410 nm absorption maximum and the decrease in
      fluorescence of the modified enzyme indicate the modification of tryptophan
      residues. At the same time, SH determinations after reduction of the modified
      enzyme show that the reagent has not affected the protected SH groups.
      Quantitative treatment of the data (Tsou, C.-L. (1962) Sci. Sin. 11, 1535 1558)
      shows that among the tryptophan residues modified, one is essential for its
      catalytic activity. The presence of substrates partially protects the
      modification of tryptophan residues as well as the inactivation, suggesting that
      the essential tryptophan residue is situated at the active site of this enzyme.

PMID- 4016130
TI  - Kinetics of polymerization of hemoglobin S modified by thiol reagents and by
      oxidation.
AB  - The effects of four thiol reagents on the kinetics of polymerization of
      hemoglobin S have been studied in high phosphate buffer (1.8 M), in the presence
      (3 mM) or absence of sodium dithionite, depending on the reduction of mixed
      disulfides of Hb in the presence of this reducing agent. The effect of oxidized
      forms (methemoglobin) of HbS on the kinetics of aggregation of deoxyHbS was also
      studied because of the presence of 33% metHbS when HbS was modified by 4
      aminophenyl disulfide. In the presence of sodium dithionite, the delay times
      prior to polymerization of deoxyHbS modified by N-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetamide
      and 4-aminophenyl disulfide were, respectively, 1.5-, 1.35- and 1.15-times longer
      than that of native deoxyHbS. The results indicate that the radicals bound to the
      cysteine beta 93 residue inhibit the contacts in the polymer formation to various
      extents but do not modify the size of the nuclei.

PMID- 4016131
TI  - Nanosecond transient resonance Raman spectra of the FeII-CO and FeIII-NO
      photolysis products of horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Resonance Raman spectra, obtained with 7 ns pulsed laser excitation, are reported
      for the photoproducts of the FeII-CO and FeIII-NO adducts of horseradish
      peroxidase. The porphyrin skeletal frequencies are the same as those observed for
      unligated FeII and FeIII (native) horseradish peroxidase, respectively. The
      absence of unrelaxed spectra is discussed in relation to the photoproduct
      frequency shifts and relaxations observed previously for hemoglobin. It is
      proposed that protein conformational changes which are likely to be associated
      with the hydrogen-bonding interactions in the horseradish peroxidase heme pocket
      may not produce detectable changes in the porphyrin skeletal mode frequencies.

PMID- 4016132
TI  - Kinetics and mechanism of hemoglobin denaturation in alkali.
AB  - The denaturation of oxy, deoxy, CO and met derivatives of human hemoglobin A at
      pH 11.7 and 25 degrees C was followed by three assay methods: chromophore
      absorbance (which indicates changes in the heme), and the amount of precipitation
      in 24% ammonium sulfate neutral buffer or 0.1 M NaCl neutral buffer (which
      indicates degree of destabilization of the protein structure). We find that
      oxyhemoglobin denatures in two parallel reaction sequences. The rate of sequence
      I is increased when the sulfhydryl groups in the alpha 1 beta 1 subunit interface
      have been modified by binding p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (which forces monomer
      formation) and is decreased by the binding of -HgOH (which, unlike the
      sulfhydryls, is not ionized at pH 11.7). These results support a mechanism in
      which the net rate of monomer formation is rate limiting and is enhanced in
      alkali by the ionization of sulfhydryls in the alpha 1 beta 1 subunit interface.
      In subsequent rapid reactions, ferric hemoglobin and low-salt-precipitable
      protein are formed. The formation of an oxidant, such as superoxide, is indicated
      by the kinetics of sulfhydryl oxidation. The same oxidant would be available to
      initiate the second sequence by oxidizing some of the unreacted oxyhemoglobin to
      methemoglobin. During methemoglobin denaturation, as in sequence II, a low-salt
      soluble ferric hemochrome is formed. In both reactions, this intermediate becomes
      low-salt-precipitable at the same rate. Deoxyhemoglobin denatures to ferrous
      hemochrome at the same rate as oxyhemoglobin denaturation in sequence I, and
      provided oxygen is excluded, the denaturation is fully reversible on
      neutralization. In the absence of oxygen, CO-hemoglobin does not denature to any
      detectable extent. The destabilization of hemoglobin structure that was indicated
      by precipitability occurred only for ferriheme derivatives and was independent of
      disulfide formation.

PMID- 4016133
TI  - Isolation and glucose-6-phosphate-mediated dimerization of hexokinase from human
      heart.
AB  - Soluble hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) was purified
      from human heart. 1 kg of tissue provided 25 mg hexokinase with a specific
      activity of 58 units/mg, representing a 1700-fold purification and 47% yield. The
      purification involved six steps, including affinity chromatography with
      glucosamine attached to Sepharose. The material was homogeneous according to
      electrophoresis, gel-filtration and sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge, but
      gave two main components on electrophoresis in denaturing conditions. From
      determination of the sedimentation and diffusion coefficients, the relative
      molecular mass was calculated to be 105 000. The enzyme is monomeric, but glucose
      6-phosphate promotes an association to dimers. This effect is reversible and is
      independent of the concentrations of glucose or inorganic phosphate. The results
      support the postulate that soluble and mitochondrion-bound hexokinases are
      identical.

PMID- 4016134
TI  - 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase. Conformational changes induced by reduction of
      pyridoxal 5-phosphate.
AB  - Conformational changes induced in 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (4
      aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.19) by conversion of
      pyridoxal-5-P to pyridoxyl-5-P were examined by two independent methods. The
      reactivity of the SH groups of the reduced enzyme is increased by chemical
      modification of the cofactor. 1.8 SH per dimer of modified enzyme react with
      DTNB, whereas 1.2 SH per dimer of the native enzyme react with the attacking
      reagent under identical experimental conditions. The modified and native forms of
      the enzyme bind the fluorescent probe ANS, but the number of binding sites for
      ANS is increased as result of conversion of P-pyridoxal to P-pyridoxyl. After the
      conformational changes onset by reduction of the cofactor, the modified enzyme
      binds one molecule of pyridoxal-5-P with a Kd of 0.1 microM to become
      catalytically competent. The catalytic site of the reduce enzyme was probed with
      P-pyridoxal analogs. Like resolved 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, the reduced
      species recognize the phosphorothioate analog and regain 40% of the total
      enzymatic activity. Since the catalytic parameters of reduced and native 4
      aminobutyrate aminotransferase are indistinguishable, it is concluded that the
      additional catalytic site of the reduced enzyme is functionally identical to that
      of the native enzyme.

PMID- 4016135
TI  - Identification of the milk fat globule membrane proteins. II. Isolation of major
      proteins from electrophoretic gels and comparison of their amino acid
      compositions.
AB  - The fat globule membranes of milk are derived from the apical plasma membrane of
      the mammary secretory cells. The nature of the membrane proteins, as isolated
      from cows' milk, has been studied by the use of discontinuous and continuous SDS
      gel electrophoresis. Six methods of preparation of milk fat globule membrane
      suggested by various authors were tested; gel electrophoresis showed that five
      major bands were present, independent of the method of preparation. The apparent
      molecular masses of these proteins as determined on SDS-gels (15% T) were 167,
      142, 64, 49 and 46 kDa, respectively. The 167 kDa band stained only with periodic
      acid-Schiff reagent, while the 142 kDa band stained only with Coomassie blue; the
      last three bands stained with both. Delipidated membranes were extracted stepwise
      with water, 0.02 M NaCl and 0.6 M NaCl. The 64 kDa band appears to be nearly
      insoluble, while the bands of 142, 49 and 46 kDa are fractionated by this
      procedure. The resolution of all of these proteins by electrophoresis was
      superior to that achieved by molecular sieve chromatography, and so
      electrophoretic extraction was used to isolate the major proteins. Dansyl
      chloride derived proteins were used as markers. Amino acid compositions of the
      recovered proteins were obtained and are compared.

PMID- 4016136
TI  - Characterization of the siroheme active site in spinach nitrite reductase by
      resonance Raman spectroscopy.
AB  - The resonance Raman spectra of various species of spinach nitrite reductase
      (ferredoxin: nitrite oxidoreductase, EC 1.7.7.1) have been obtained with Soret
      excitation. These spectra allow for the vibrational properties of the unique
      siroheme chromophore at the enzyme's active site. The wholesale reordering of
      siroheme vibrational properties relative to those of protoporphyrins can be
      rationalized as resulting from a combination of symmetry lowering and bond order
      reductions within the siroheme macrocyle.

PMID- 4016137
TI  - Peptide synthesis catalyzed by the serine proteinases chymotrypsin and trypsin.
AB  - The ratio of the initial rates of aminolysis and hydrolysis in peptide
      semisynthesis catalyzed by chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) and trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4)
      was found to depend non-linearly on the concentration of the added nucleophile.
      This is in agreement with a mechanism for the peptide semisynthesis where
      nucleophile binding to the acyl-enzyme precedes the aminolysis reaction. The acyl
      enzyme-nucleophile complex can still be deacylated by water. A temperature
      optimum was observed for peptide synthesis for valinamide as nucleophile. This
      and the similarity of the P'1 specificity in peptide hydrolysis and nucleophile
      specificity in peptide semisynthesis also support the mechanism including the
      nucleophile binding. The influence of added nucleophiles on the acylation step
      during peptide synthesis was studied by determining kcat and Km for the
      appearance of the leaving group from the acyl donor. Acceptor (= nucleophile)
      specificity was shown to be more important for high ratios of aminolysis:
      hydrolysis than donor specificity. The maximum product concentration during
      kinetically controlled peptide semisynthesis was found to be independent of the
      enzyme content.

PMID- 4016138
TI  - Glycosylated kappa-caseins and the sizes of bovine casein micelles. Analysis of
      the different forms of kappa-casein.
AB  - Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) of the kappa-casein from bovine casein
      micelles of different sizes is used to demonstrate that the proportions of
      glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of kappa-casein do not vary with micellar
      size. The results suggest that glycosylated kappa-casein is distributed similarly
      to unglycosylated kappa-casein within the micellar structure.

PMID- 4016139
TI  - Occurrence of N-acylethanolamine phospholipids in fish brain and spinal cord.
AB  - N-Acylethanolamine phospholipids were identified in the central nervous system of
      the fresh water fish, pike (Esox lucius) and carp (Cyprinus carpio), at levels
      ranging from 0.1 to 0.9% of total phospholipid. The N-acylethanolamine
      phospholipids of carp brain were isolated and characterized by chemical,
      biochemical and spectroscopic methods. Two major species, 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3
      phospho(N-acyl)ethanolamines (approx. 30%) and 1-O-(1'-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero
      3-phospho(N-acyl)ethanolamines (approx. 70%) were identified. The N-acyl groups
      of each species consisted primarily of 16:0 (approx. 60%) but also contained
      16:1, 18:0 and 18:1 (approx. 10% each) and a number of trace constituents. The N
      acylethanolamine phospholipids had O-acyl and O-alkenyl group compositions
      similar but not identical to those of the ethanolamine phospholipids of the same
      tissue. N-Acylethanolamine phospholipids were present in all subcellular
      fractions of carp brain, except mitochondria.

PMID- 4016140
TI  - Effect of dietary cholesterol on erythrocyte peroxidant stress in vitro and in
      vivo.
AB  - The effect of dietary variation of plasma cholesterol concentrations on the
      susceptibility of erythrocytes to in vitro and in vivo peroxidant stress was
      studied in rats. Malonyldialdehyde, produced in vivo (endogenous
      malonyldialdehyde) or following in vitro exposure of cells to 10 mM H2O2 (H2O2
      malonyldialdehyde), was used as a measure of peroxidant stress. After 5 weeks,
      the plasma cholesterol concentrations in rats receiving 1.2% cholesterol + 0.6%
      cholic acid in their diet rose to 6-times that of control rats receiving a diet
      without added cholesterol; at the same time, erythrocyte H2O2 malonyldialdehyde
      in the cholesterol-fed rats decreased significantly relative to the control rats.
      During subsequent exposure of both groups to in vivo peroxidant stress with
      phenylhydrazine in two separate dose trials, erythrocyte peroxidant stress
      remained significantly lower in the cholesterol-fed rats: at a dose of 100
      mumol/100 g body weight, H2O2 malonyldialdehyde was lower; at a dose of 25
      mumol/100 g body weight, both endogenous and H2O2 malonyldialdehyde were lower.
      Erythrocyte membrane cholesterol concentrations were 12% higher in the
      cholesterol-fed rats than in controls. The effects of in vivo peroxidant stress
      on plasma cholesterol were also studied. In vivo peroxidant stress at the higher
      dose of phenylhydrazine produced a decrease in plasma cholesterol concentrations
      of control rats. The lower dose had no effect on this group and the plasma
      cholesterol concentrations were unchanged in the cholesterol-fed rats during both
      treatments. The data suggest that elevated plasma cholesterol concentrations are
      protective against erythrocyte peroxidant stress. The mechanism of cholesterol's
      protective effect is probably mediated through elevated membrane cholesterol
      concentrations.

PMID- 4016141
TI  - Effects of antimalarial drugs on phospholipase A and lysophospholipase activities
      in plasma membrane, mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosolic subcellular fractions
      of rat liver.
AB  - Activities of membrane-associated phospholipases A1 and A2, and membrane
      associated as well as soluble lysophospholipases were measured in different
      subcellular fractions of rat liver, using suspensions of stereospecifically
      labelled radioactive phospholipids as substrates. Plasma membranes and
      endoplasmic reticulum were shown to contain phospholipase A1 and
      lysophospholipase activities, both of which could be stimulated by Ca2+,
      mitochondria Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 and cytosol Ca2+-independent
      lysophospholipase activities. Each of these lipolytic enzymes could be inhibited
      by antimalarial drugs (chloroquine, mepacrine, primaquine) at concentrations
      above 1 x 10(-4) M. Inhibition of the alkaline cytosolic lysophospholipase by
      these drugs was noncompetitive with respect to the substrate, and the inhibitory
      potency increased, when the pH was raised.

PMID- 4016142
TI  - Activation of nonspecific lipase (EC 3.1.1.-) by bile salts.
AB  - The enzyme nonspecific lipase (EC 3.1.1.-) from rat pancreas has been isolated
      and its amino acid composition determined. The amino acid composition confirms
      more indirect evidence that nonspecific lipase is not the same enzyme as
      cholesteryl ester hydrolase. Activation of the enzymatic activity by bile salts
      has been studied by equilibrium dialysis, gel filtration, light scattering,
      circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization. The binding of bile salt by the
      enzyme is saturable and is associated with a conformational change. Upon binding
      cholate, the protein experiences a decrease in beta-structure with no significant
      change in alpha-helix content, an increase in apparent Stokes radius, a decrease
      in light scattering properties, and a slight decrease in polarization of the
      intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. Attachment of bile salt is associated with
      decreased reactivity of essential sulfhydryl groups, but no detectable change in
      reactivity of amino groups. A change to a more nearly spherical shape upon
      binding bile salt would be consistent with the experimental observations, but the
      exact sites of binding remain uncertain.

PMID- 4016143
TI  - Characterization of the platelet aggregation inducer and inhibitor from Echis
      carinatus snake venom.
AB  - Echis carinatus venom was separated into twenty fractions by means of
      ultrafiltration and CM-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography. Fraction II possessed
      inhibitory activity on the aggregation of washed rabbit platelets and fraction
      XII possessed the procoagulant and platelet aggregation-inducing activity. Both
      were further purified by gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-200 column. The purified
      aggregation inducer was a glycoprotein with procoagulant activity 10-12-times
      that of the crude venom. It possessed proteinase and amidase but was devoid of
      esterase activity. The molecular weight was 16 000, and it contained 8.7% of
      neutral sugar. The isoelectric point was pH 7.6. The purified aggregation
      inhibitor was a single peptide chain with a molecular weight of 6800 and
      contained 22.1% of neutral sugar. The isoelectric point was pH 4.8. It was devoid
      of any enzymatic activity of the crude venom. The IC50 was about 10 micrograms/ml
      on the thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. The inhibitory activity was fully
      retained after the treatment of the venom aggregation inhibitor with
      neuraminidase, but was completely destroyed by sodium metaperiodate. Upon heat
      treatment at 90 degrees C, the venom aggregation inhibitor was heat stable at pH
      5.5 for 4 h, but was completely destroyed after 2 h at pH 8.9 and retained about
      50% of its inhibitory activity of the control at pH 7.2 for 4 h. The venom
      aggregation inhibitor decreased the elasticity of the whole blood clot, and this
      effect was related to its inhibitory action on platelet aggregation instead of
      blood coagulation.

PMID- 4016144
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of rat kidney histamine-N
      methyltransferase.
AB  - Histamine-N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.8) was purified 1700-fold with a yield of
      9% from rat kidney. Purification included ammonium sulfate precipitation, linear
      gradient DEAE-cellulose chromatography and S-adenosylhomocysteine affinity
      chromatography. The purified enzyme preparation showed a single protein band in
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight
      of 35000. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was at pH 5.2. The purified enzyme
      preparation did not contain detectable amounts of histamine. The purified enzyme
      was totally inhibited in 100 microM parahydroxymercuric benzoate and in 10 microM
      iodoacetamide, and it was found to be stabilized with dithiothreitol (1 mM),
      suggesting that the enzyme has an SH-group in the active center. The Km values
      for histamine and S-adenosylmethionine were 6.0 and 7.1 microM, respectively. 50%
      inhibition of histamine-N-methyltransferase was obtained at 28 microM S
      adenosylhomocysteine and 100 microM methylhistamine. The purified enzyme was
      slightly inhibited in 1 mM methylthioadenosine. Histamine in concentrations
      higher than 25 microM caused substrate inhibition.

PMID- 4016145
TI  - Characterization of a 22 kDa protein with widespread tissue distribution but
      which is uniquely present in secretions of the testis and epididymis and on the
      surface of spermatozoa.
AB  - The purification is reported of a 22 kDa protein which was first identified as
      one of the major components of the luminal secretion of the rat testis and
      epididymis. Antibodies against the 22 kDa protein cross-reacted with a protein of
      the same molecular weight in cytosolic extracts of other tissues from both male
      and female rats. However, since the protein could not be detected in blood,
      peritoneal fluid, saliva, milk, uterine fluid, seminal vesicle secretion,
      coagulating gland secretion or prostatic secretion, it would appear that the
      testis and epididymis may be unique in containing the protein in a soluble form
      within their luminal secretions. Proteins with slightly lower molecular weight
      were detected by the antibodies in cytosolic extracts of tissues from other
      animals (mice, rabbits, sheep, pigs, cattle), indicating that the protein may be
      conserved in a variety of species. However, in contrast to the rat, the protein
      was apparently not present in the testicular and epididymal secretions of these
      species. In addition to the occurrence of the 22 kDa protein as a soluble moiety
      in rat testicular and epididymal fluids, the protein was also located on sperm
      plasma membranes where its distribution was restricted to the surface of the
      flagellum. Amongst sperm surface proteins, the 22 kDa protein was the major
      protein containing sulphydryl groups and one of the major entities containing
      disulphide bonds. These properties may be of importance in the maintenance of
      sperm viability.

PMID- 4016146
TI  - Highly sulfated proteochondroitin sulfates synthesized in vitro by rat glomeruli.
AB  - A previous report from this laboratory (Kobayashi, S., Oguri, K., Kobayashi, K.
      and Okayama, M. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 12051-12057) indicated that isolated
      rat glomeruli synthesized three species of sulfated glycoconjugates in vitro,
      namely, sulfated glycoproteins, proteoheparan sulfates and proteochondroitin
      sulfates. In the present study, the proteochondroitin sulfates, which showed the
      greatest incorporation of [35S]sulfate among the three sulfated glycoconjugates,
      were isolated and characterized. Radiolabeled tissue proteochondroitin sulfates
      were clearly separated on Sepharose CL-6B into three components with partition
      coefficients (Kd) of 0.16, 0.22 and 0.58, and medium proteochondroitin sulfates
      were separated into two components with Kd values of 0.33 and 0.62. When the
      chondroitin sulfate chains released by alkaline borohydride treatment were
      analyzed by digestion with chondroitinase AC-II, chondroitinase ABC, chondro-6
      sulfatase and chondro-4-sulfatase, the results showed that all the samples
      contained glucuronosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine (chondroitinase AC-II-susceptible
      sequences, 72-86%) and iduronosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine (chondroitinase ABC
      susceptible sequences, 14-28%), containing 4-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine (50
      70%) and 4,6-disulfated N-acetylgalactosamine (30-50%). On two-dimensional
      electrophoresis on cellulose acetate, all samples gave a single spot which
      closely coincided with chondroitin sulfate E of squid cartilage in
      electrophoretic mobility. These results indicated that the chains were highly
      sulfated chondroitin sulfates containing glucuronic acid and iduronic acid
      residues.

PMID- 4016147
TI  - Effect of sulfite on the energy metabolism of mammalian tissues in correlation to
      sulfite oxidase activity.
AB  - Mammalian tissues show significant differences in the activity of sulfite oxidase
      (EC 1.8.3.1) which detoxifies sulfite by oxidation to sulfate. Lung tissue and
      phagocytic cells such as alveolar macrophages, peritoneal macrophages, Kupffer
      cells and granulocytes show very low activities of sulfite oxidase. Liver tissue
      and hepatocytes, however, exhibit high activities of sulfite oxidase. Lung tissue
      and macrophages show an almost 100% decrease of the intracellular ATP levels when
      incubated with 1 mM sulfite at pH 6 for 30 min. In addition, the O2 consumption
      of lung tissue is inhibited by 1 mM sulfite at pH 6 by more than 80%. This
      sulfite-induced decrease of the ATP level and of the O2 consumption of lung
      tissue is enhanced between pH 6.0 and pH 7.4 with decreasing pH value of the
      incubation medium. In contrast, the ATP levels in liver tissue and hepatocytes
      are not affected by 1 mM sulfite at pH 6. The O2 consumption of liver tissue and
      hepatocytes is significantly increased by sulfite due to the high activities of
      sulfite oxidase. Therefore, the activity of the 'sulfite-detoxifying enzyme'
      sulfite oxidase and the sensitivity of the energy metabolism to sulfite show a
      reciprocal relationship in the tissues and cells studied.

PMID- 4016148
TI  - Placental formation of lactate from transferred L-alanine and its impairment by
      aminooxyacetate in the late-pregnant rat.
AB  - After 20 min infusion of L-[U-14C]alanine through the left uterine artery in 21
      day-pregnant rats, the radioactivity in the plasma of fetuses from the left
      uterine horn was much higher than in their mothers and was composed of
      approximately equal parts of [14C]alanine and [14C]lactate, with a minor
      percentage of [14C]glucose. Radioactivity in fetal plasma was much lower when the
      mothers were infused with alpha-amino[14C]isobutyric acid. The simultaneous
      infusion of aminooxyacetate decreased materno-fetal transfer of radioactivity
      from [14C]alanine but not from alpha-amino[14C]isobutyric acid, and this effect
      corresponded to a complete disappearance of the [14C]lactate in fetal plasma
      without affecting [14C]alanine levels or alanine concentration in the fetuses.
      Placenta slices in vitro metabolized L-[U-14C]alanine into [14C]lactate and 14CO2
      at the rate of 7 nmol/g per min, and this process was inhibited by the presence
      of 1 mM aminooxyacetate in the medium. Placental uptake of alpha
      amino[14C]isobutyric acid was half that of [U-14C]alanine, and aminooxyacetate
      did not affect this parameter with either of the labelled compounds. Results
      indicate that the lower transfer to the rat fetus of the 14C atoms from alpha
      amino[14C]isobutyric acid as compared to that from [14C]alanine is due not only
      to the diminished placental carrier system of the former but also to its non
      metabolyzable condition. It is proposed that the capacity of the placenta to
      metabolyze L-alanine to lactate and the subsequent release of lactate to the
      fetus constitute important factors for the fetal metabolic economy.

PMID- 4016149
TI  - 5'-Iodothyronine deiodinase of rat liver: activity in microsomes prepared by
      various methods, solubilization by detergents and partial purification.
AB  - Iodothyronine deiodinase activities of rat liver microsomes prepared by (1)
      differential centrifugation, (2) column chromatography, (3) precipitation with
      Ca2+, (4) precipitation at low pH, or combinations of these were compared. Method
      2 or 2 followed by 4 provided microsomes with specific activities 4.6- and 7.4
      times higher than method 1, respectively. Both Triton X-100 at 0.1% (w/v) and 3
      [(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (Chaps) at 4-6 mM
      efficiently solubilized deiodinase and were not inhibitory at low concentrations.
      The Chaps-soluble enzyme could be moderately purified by fractionation with
      ammonium sulfate but more effectively with poly(ethylene glycol).

PMID- 4016150
TI  - Reduction of 7-ketolithocholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid by rat liver
      preparations in vitro.
AB  - The formation of chenodeoxycholic acid via 7-ketolithocholic acid by rat liver
      preparations was examined in vitro. Results showed that a rat liver preparation
      reduced 7-ketolithocholic acid mainly to chenodeoxycholic acid and to
      ursodeoxycholic acid in a smaller amount, and that the reductase required NADPH
      but not NADH as coenzyme and was mainly localized in the microsomes.

PMID- 4016151
TI  - Altered membrane association of glycogen phosphorylase in the dystrophic chicken.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of glycogen phosphorylase in pectoralis muscle from
      normal and dystrophic chickens was determined as a function of age. A
      substantially larger proportion of the total activity was associated with
      membranous cellular organelles, both mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum, in
      preparations from dystrophic birds. The difference could be detected as early as
      2 weeks ex ovo. Interaction of phosphorylase with cellular membranes may provide
      a probe for the underlying membrane defect in this dystrophy model.

PMID- 4016152
TI  - The assimilation of tri- and tetrapeptides by human erythrocytes.
AB  - Evidence is presented that tripeptides enter human erythrocytes via saturable
      transport system(s) at rates similar to those previously described for dipeptides
      (King, G.F. and Kuchel, P.W. (1985) Biochem. J. 227, 833-842) but that the
      transmembrane flux rates for tetrapeptides are considerably less. 1H spin-echo
      NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the coupled uptake and hydrolysis of
      peptides by red cells, since it enabled the simultaneous measurement of the
      levels of substrates and products of peptidase-catalysed reactions in suspensions
      with haematocrits similar to those found in vivo. Weighted non-linear least
      squares regression of the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation onto progress
      curves obtained from the hydrolysis of Tyr-Gly-Gly and Gly-Gly-Gly in RBC lysates
      gave Km = 2.11 +/- 0.08 and 23.4 +/- 0.9 mmol/l and Vmax = 307 +/- 3 and 905 +/-
      22 mmol/h per 1 packed cells, respectively. In whole cell suspensions, the rate
      of hydrolysis was considerably less and was dominated by the transmembrane flux
      of tripeptide. Progress curve analysis thus yielded the steady-state kinetic
      parameters for peptide transport; the values were Km = 11.6 +/- 1.1 and 56 +/- 18
      mmol/l and Vmax = 12.9 +/- 3.0 and 36.4 +/- 3.2 mmol/h per 1 packed cells,
      respectively, for the previously mentioned peptides. The rate of transport of the
      tetrapeptide Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly was considerably less than either of the
      tripeptides. The above mentioned steady-state kinetic parameters were used in
      computer simulations of the coupled uptake and hydrolysis of tripeptides by human
      erythrocytes under physiological conditions; these simulations revealed certain
      similarities between the rates of peptide uptake by erythrocytes and the
      intestine in vivo.

PMID- 4016153
TI  - Specific neutralizing antiserum against a polypeptide growth inhibitor for
      mammary cells purified from bovine mammary gland.
AB  - A recently published method for purification of a new inhibitor of growth of
      mammary cells in vitro from bovine mammary gland has been modified to yield
      several hundred micrograms of inhibitor per kg of glandular tissue. The
      inhibitory effect exerted by this preparation to Ehrlich ascites mammary
      carcinoma cells fulfilled all biological criteria of specificity established
      earlier for preparations obtained by other means, the most important being that
      the inhibitory effect is abolished by the epidermal growth factor and insulin.
      The preparation is shown to consist mainly of a protein of 13 kDa which appears
      to be not glycosylated. An antiserum raised in mice against the inhibitor is
      demonstrated to be specific for the 13 kDa bovine mammary gland protein.
      Neutralization of the inhibitory activity by the specific antiserum strongly
      supports the view that the 13 kDa protein is indeed the carrier of inhibitory
      activity. First data on tissue distribution obtained with an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay revealed a high concentration of the anti-inhibitor-antiserum
      reactive antigen in bovine lactating but not in non-lactating mammary gland
      tissue and in milk fat globule membranes. Some reactivity was also found in
      bovine lung. These data are interpreted with respect to a possible physiological
      significance of the growth inhibitor.

PMID- 4016154
TI  - A comparison of in vivo catalysis by creatine kinase in avian skeletal muscles
      with different fibre composition.
AB  - The maximum activity of creatine kinase in vitro is similar in the pectoralis
      major muscle of the chicken and the duck. However, the flux (phosphocreatine to
      ATP) as measured by 31P saturation transfer NMR in vivo is almost 2-fold higher
      in the duck. This apparent discrepancy can be accounted for by the differences in
      the cytosolic free ADP concentrations in resting muscle.

PMID- 4016155
TI  - The synthesis and esterification of cholesterol by hepatocytes and H35 hepatoma
      cells are independent of the level of nonspecific lipid transfer protein.
AB  - The level of the nonspecific lipid transfer protein (i.e., sterol carrier protein
      2) is 16-fold lower in the Reuber H35 hepatoma cells as compared to the
      hepatocytes in culture (49 and 810 ng of protein per mg of 105000 X g supernatant
      protein, respectively). In order to establish whether there is a relationship
      between the level of nonspecific transfer protein and intracellular cholesterol
      metabolism, we have determined the biosynthesis and esterification of cholesterol
      in these hepatoma cells and hepatocytes. Both types of cells incorporated
      [3H]mevalonate into cholesterol and cholesterol ester. Incubation of both cell
      types with [3H]cholesterol in the medium resulted in a time-dependent uptake and
      subsequent conversion into cholesterol ester. In both instances, the amount of 3H
      label incorporated into cholesterol per mg of cellular protein was about 2-fold
      higher for the hepatoma cells. The kinetics of esterification of endogenously
      synthesized cholesterol were similar for both hepatoma cells and hepatocytes.
      Esterification of cholesterol derived from the medium proceeded 2-times faster in
      the hepatoma cells than in the hepatocytes. From the kinetics of cholesterol
      esterification we conclude that cells do not discriminate between cholesterol
      synthesized de novo and cholesterol derived from the medium. In addition, the
      proposition that the nonspecific lipid transfer protein is involved in
      cholesterol synthesis and esterification is not substantiated by this study.

PMID- 4016156
TI  - Accumulation of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) in human fibroblasts
      cultured in the presence of N-acetylmannosamine.
AB  - Human skin fibroblasts incubated for 72 h in medium containing 10 mM N-acetyl-D
      mannosamine accumulate material that yields a chromophore in the presence of
      thiobarbituric acid. This material was tentatively identified as free (unbound)
      sialic acid due to its reactivity with thiobarbituric acid prior to acid
      hydrolysis, its solubility in 10% trichloroacetic acid, its chromatographic
      properties on an anion-exchange column and its enzymatic susceptibility to
      acylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase. Mass spectrometry analysis established that the
      accumulated material was, in fact, N-acetylneuraminic acid. Loading studies
      demonstrated a linear relationship between the amount of N-acetylmannosamine in
      the medium and the level of sialic acid accumulating within the cells. Cells
      grown in the absence of N-acetylmannosamine contained an average of 5 nmol free
      sialic acid/mg protein, while cells cultured for 72 h in 20 mM amounts of this
      material contained an average of 156.3 nmol free sialic acid/mg protein. When the
      cells were removed from the N-acetylmannosamine-enriched medium and incubated in
      regular medium, more than 80% of the accumulated, intracellular sialic acid
      disappeared within the first 96 h. It was concluded from these data that normal
      fibroblasts cultured in medium enriched with N-acetylmannosamine store large
      amounts of N-acetylneuraminic acid and can thus serve as an excellent model for
      the study of both normal and abnormal sialic acid metabolism, transport, storage
      and/or metabolic (feedback) regulation in human tissue.

PMID- 4016157
TI  - A study of the kinetics and mechanism of ADP-triggered platelet aggregation.
AB  - The time-course of ADP-triggered aggregation of human blood platelets has been
      followed by sensitive right-angle light scattering intensity measurements as a
      function of the platelet and fibrinogen concentrations. Rayleigh-Gans light
      scattering theory has been combined with the Smoluchowski aggregation model to
      predict the dependence of the right-angle scattering intensity on particle size
      and concentration as well as the time-dependent changes during aggregation. The
      validity of the calculations was confirmed by measuring the scattering intensity
      with suspensions of polystyrene microspheres of known radius, as well as the time
      dependent changes in the 90 degrees scattering intensity during aggregation of
      these particles. However, in contrast to the predictions of the model, the time
      course of the scattering intensity changes during platelet aggregation was
      characterized by single exponential decay with a rate constant which reached a
      limiting value of 0.017 s-1 at high platelet concentrations. The value of kagg
      was also independent of the fibrinogen concentration over a 30-fold range.
      Covalently cross-linked fibrinogen dimers and Fragment D-inhibited fibrin
      protofibrils yielded aggregation rates that agreed with those measured with
      fibrinogen. The results indicate that the rate of platelet aggregation is not
      limited by either the rate of fibrinogen binding or the frequency of platelet
      platelet collisions under these conditions.

PMID- 4016158
TI  - Liposome uptake by cultured macrophages mediated by modified low-density
      lipoproteins.
AB  - We have investigated effects of native low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and
      malondialdehyde-treated LDL on the interaction of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labeled
      liposomes bearing antibodies to LDL with cultured J774 macrophages. It was found
      that an addition of modified LDL to the incubation medium resulted in 15-20-fold
      increase of carboxyfluorescein binding to cells, whereas native LDL did not
      produce such effect. The increase of carboxyfluorescein binding to macrophages in
      the presence of modified LDL was not due to an enhanced leakage of the label from
      liposomes. The modified-LDL-mediated binding of carboxyfluorescein to cells was
      reduced to 20-30% of the initial level in the presence of cell-respiration
      inhibitors (NaF and antimycin A). Fluorescent microscopy data also indicate the
      modified-LDL-induced incorporation of liposome contents into cells. The results
      obtained in this study make it possible to assume that in the presence of
      malondialdehyde-treated LDL, liposomes with antibodies to LDL may be incorporated
      into macrophages via the receptor-mediated pathway for modified LDL.

PMID- 4016159
TI  - Multiplication and refractoriness in the cat's retinal-ganglion-cell discharge at
      low light levels.
AB  - Measurements of the pulse-interval distribution and pulse-number distribution for
      cat retinal ganglion cells in darkness and light have been carried out by Barlow,
      Levick, and Yoon. The experimental results for an on-center brisk-sustained cell
      are in accord with a mathematical model incorporating four features: Poisson
      quantum fluctuations, additive dark noise, multiplication noise (random multiple
      neural spikes per absorbed quantum), and refractoriness. The data cannot be
      properly explained by a model lacking any one of these features. Parameters
      extracted from the model are in good agreement with physiological values.

PMID- 4016160
TI  - Asymmetric lightness cancellation in Craik-O'Brien patterns of negative and
      positive contrast.
AB  - The Craik-O'Brien illusion was measured for patterns of negative and positive
      contrast by a compensation method. The illusion of negative contrast (black teeth
      on uniform field) was stronger than that of positive one (white teeth). The
      amount of compensation increased linearly with increasing tooth width, but was
      nonlinear, showing two phases with increasing tooth height. The results might be
      explained by the concept of the antagonistic and nonantagonistic mechanisms in
      the lower stage of the visual system, and the reconstructive process of the
      barrier activity against the lateral spread in the higher stage.

PMID- 4016161
TI  - Identification and estimation algorithm for stochastic neural system. II.
AB  - The algorithm for identifying the stochastic neural system and estimating the
      system process which reflects the dynamics of the neural network are presented in
      this paper. The analogous algorithm has been proposed in our preceding paper
      (Nakao et al., 1984), which was based on the randomly missed observations of a
      system process only. Since the previous algorithm mentioned above was subject to
      an unfavorable effect of consecutively missed observations, to reduce such an
      effect the algorithm proposed here is designed additionally to observe an
      intensity process in a neural spike train as the information for the estimation.
      The algorithm is constructed with the extended Kalman filters because it is
      naturally expected that a nonlinear and time variant structure is necessary for
      the filters to realize the observation of an intensity process by means of
      mapping from a system process to an intensity process. The performance of the
      algorithm is examined by applying it to some artificial neural systems and also
      to cat's visual nervous systems. The results in these applications are thought to
      prove the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed here and its superiority to the
      algorithm proposed previously.

PMID- 4016162
TI  - Pacemaker neuron model with plastic firing rate: entrainment and learning ranges.
AB  - The model proposed puts forward a hypothesis on how some pacemaker neurons learn
      to fire at the frequency imposed by the stimulation. It builds on previous
      developments in two separate research fields: neural modelling and neuronal
      learning theory, providing an electrophysiological model of neuronal learning.
      Simulation results are shown to be in qualitative agreement with experimental
      data reported for Aplysia and crayfish. The analytical study of the PRC reveals
      that the postulated learning rule tends to favour the emergence of simple
      entrainment ratios. The model is worth consideration not only because of its
      autonomous functioning, described in this paper, but also because it constitutes
      a suitable building-block for a net aimed at reproducing the temporal-pattern
      learning phenomena shown by some neural structures.

PMID- 4016163
TI  - Detection of binocular disparities.
AB  - A stereo correspondence algorithm designed to perform matching on figurally
      similar images (arising in normal human binocular vision) is described. It is
      based on the observation that the operational principles underlying biological
      stereo disparity detection seem to be extremely general and few in number instead
      of an extended set of specific "constraints". We identify one general
      characteristic of objects in the three dimensional world and use it to formulate
      a simple noniterative, parallel and local algorithm that successfully detects
      disparities generated by opaque as well as transparent surfaces.

PMID- 4016164
TI  - Saccade-related brain potentials in semantic categorization tasks.
AB  - Saccade-related brain potentials (SRPs) were recorded in word categorization
      tasks in which subjects had to perform a saccade in order to perceive the
      stimulus. For all three conditions representing different degrees of complexity
      of semantic categorization, the stimuli belonged to one of two categories which
      appeared with the respective probabilities of either 0.20 or 0.80. The late
      positivity (P4) of the SRPs to infrequent stimuli appeared systematically later
      as the complexity of stimulus evaluation increased: The easiest categorization
      was accompanied by a P4 at 400 msec, in the more complex condition it peaked at
      600 msec, and in the most difficult semantic categorization the P4 peaked even
      later, at 680 msec. This shift in peak latency with increasing complexity of
      categorization is in agreement with the results for traditional ERPs (e.g. Kutas
      and Donchin, 1978). The possible overlap of the late components was investigated
      by applying Principal Component-Varimax Analysis to the SRPs.

PMID- 4016165
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the eleventh annual scientific meeting of the
      Psychophysiology Society. London, December 1983.

PMID- 4016166
TI  - Fetal distribution of styrene in rats after vapor phase exposures.
AB  - Pregnant rats were subjected to a 5-hour exposure of either 2,000 or 1,000 ppm
      atmospheres of styrene. Concentrations of styrene in the maternal blood and in
      each fetus were measured. The fetal concentrations in the 2,000 ppm exposure
      group were significantly more than double that in the 1,000 ppm group. Fetal
      weight and distribution of styrene appear to be related to the fetal position on
      the uterine horn. Those at the ovarian and cervical ends of the uterine horn were
      of lowest weight and those at the ovarian end had the highest concentration of
      styrene. Concentrations of styrene appeared to be much lower in the fetuses than
      in maternal organs and tissues after similar exposures.

PMID- 4016167
TI  - Influence of bromocriptine on plasma prolactin, human placental lactogen, beta
      HCG and steroid hormones in early human pregnancy.
AB  - To study the role of prolactin in the regulation of the production of 17 beta
      oestradiol, HPL, beta-HCG, progesterone, testosterone, delta 4-androstenedione
      and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 20 healthy women were given 5 mg of
      bromocriptine daily for two weeks between 7-9 weeks of normal pregnancy. Plasma
      HPRL, HPL, HCG, oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, delta 4-androstenedione
      and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone levels were measured before and one and two weeks
      after the start of bromocriptine-application, and they were compared with those
      examined in control groups (18 women). Bromocriptine induced a significant HPRL
      depression at one week and two weeks. Other hormones, except progesterone, showed
      no significant differences between two groups. These data suggest that neither
      maternal hypoprolactinemia nor bromocriptine during normal early human pregnancy
      interfere with the normal synthesis of sex steroids.

PMID- 4016168
TI  - The fetal distribution of some aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons in the rat
      after vapor phase exposure.
AB  - Rats, on the 17th day of pregnancy, were exposed for five h to several different
      concentrations, ranging from about 100 to 3,000 ppm, of methylene chloride, 1,2
      dichloroethane, chloroform and trichloroethylene. Immediately following exposure,
      the concentrations of these compounds were determined in each fetus and in the
      maternal blood and characterized as a function of the administered dose. Fetal
      weights and fetal concentrations were related to their position on the two horns
      of the uterus. Fetal weight distribution conformed with observations previously
      reported [Withey and Karpinski 1983, Barr et al. 1969]. Fetuses at either end of
      each branch of the uterine horns had the lowest concentration of
      trichloroethylene. The data for methylene chloride and dichloroethane revealed a
      linear decrease in fetal concentration with the location of the fetus from the
      ovarian to the cervical end of the uterine horns. These relationships were
      consistent across doses. Fetal chloroform concentrations did not appear to be
      related to fetal position. Good linear relationships between the mean fetal
      concentrations and the maternal blood concentrations with exposure level were
      observed for the four compounds used in this study.

PMID- 4016169
TI  - Human placental aromatase activity: use of a C18 reversed-phase cartridge for
      separation of tritiated water or steroid metabolites in placentas from both
      smoking and non-smoking mothers in vitro.
AB  - Commercial reversed-phase cartridges were used for the separation of 3H2O which
      was produced in an aromatization reaction of androstenedione by human placenta in
      vitro. The assay is simple, rapid and reproducible. Metabolites originating from
      androstenedione were separated and quantified by thin layer chromatography. The
      microsomal fraction exhibited the highest aromatase activity which was inhibited
      (54%) by aminoglutethimide (500 microM) and by about 30% by alpha-naphthoflavone.
      Aromatase activity was not inhibited by known inhibitors of xenobiotic metabolism
      such as metyrapone or SKF 525A or by xenobiotic substrates such as 7
      ethoxycoumarin or benzo(a)pyrene. Placental aromatase activity was not affected
      by maternal cigarette smoking. No correlation between aromatase and aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities in the placentas from both smoking and non
      smoking mothers was found. These results show that the aromatase activity in
      human placenta is catalysed by a distinct form of cytochrome P-450 which is
      different from forms with xenobiotic-metabolising activity, and also show that
      the aromatase activity is similar in placentas from both smoking and non-smoking
      mothers.

PMID- 4016170
TI  - Refractoriness to inhibitory day lengths initiates the breeding season of the
      Suffolk ewe.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that the breeding season of the Suffolk ewe ends
      because of loss of response to a day length that was previously inductive. This
      condition of photorefractoriness could potentially also initiate reproduction, as
      is the case in several long-day breeding rodents. In this study we determined if
      ewes enter their breeding season because they become refractory to the long
      ambient photoperiods of late summer. On the summer solstice, 3 groups of
      ovariectomized ewes (n = 6) bearing s.c. Silastic implants of estradiol (OVX + E)
      were placed in different day length treatments: 1) natural photoperiod; 2)
      artificial photoperiod, stimulating natural day lengths; or 3) artificial
      photoperiod equivalent to that of the summer solstice (16.25L). Entry into the
      breeding season is associated with a striking (greater than 30-fold) increase in
      circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH). Timing of the onset of the
      breeding season was not delayed in ewes maintained on the summer solstice
      photoperiod; LH levels rose simultaneously in all groups. We conclude that ewes
      normally begin breeding not because they are actively driven to do so by
      decreasing or short days, but because they become refractory to prevailing long
      days. Because the pattern of circulating melatonin, which is known to transduce
      the photoperiodic message, remained entirely appropriate to day length, we
      believe that the mechanism responsible for photorefractoriness resides in the
      postpineal processing of the melatonin signal.

PMID- 4016171
TI  - The effect of exogenous testosterone on homospermic and heterospermic fertility
      in the cock.
AB  - Cocks were administered testosterone (T) for 14 days via 0, 1, 2, or 4 Silastic
      capsules implanted subcutaneously. Each capsule released 1.04 mg of T per day.
      Concentrations of T in plasma and the proportion of eggs fertilized from
      homospermic insemination of hens were determined. Concentrations of T in plasma
      were variable and unaffected by treatment. The proportion of eggs that were
      fertilized by cocks decreased during treatment with 1 capsule, increased over the
      experiment in the group with 2 capsules, and increased after treatment ended in
      the group with 4 capsules. In heterospermic tests, cocks with distinguishable
      offspring were paired and semen was mixed within pairs. One cock in each pair
      received either 1 or 4 Silastic capsules containing T for 14 days; the other cock
      in the pair received none. The proportion of chicks sired by cocks treated with 1
      capsule remained unchanged throughout the experiment, whereas the proportion
      sired by cocks treated with 4 capsules decreased markedly during the recovery
      period. The response to T was apparently dependent upon dosage and the
      sensitivity of the cock to T. The concentration of T in the plasma of the cock
      had little relationship to fertility. These results indicate that heterospermic
      insemination can be used as a sensitive method to detect the subtle effects of
      hormonal treatment.

PMID- 4016173
TI  - Testosterone administration to ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys (Macaca
      mulatta) reduces the frequency of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion.
AB  - In the male rhesus monkey testosterone (T) retards the frequency of intermittent
      LH secretion. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this
      action of T is demonstrable in the female. Five ovariectomized rhesus monkeys,
      bearing indwelling cardiac catheters, were implanted s.c. on one or more
      occasions with T-containing Silastic capsules. Sequential blood samples were
      collected for 8 h every 10 min before T treatment and usually at 1, 2, 4, and 8
      days thereafter. Plasma LH concentrations were measured in duplicate by
      radioimmunoassay and subsequently analyzed with a computerized algorithm.
      Sustained increments in circulating T (5-13 ng/ml) in ovariectomized monkeys
      resulted in a progressive reduction in LH pulse frequencies from approximately 1
      pulse every 60 min before initiation of T treatment to 1 pulse every 100-150 min
      at 48 h thereafter. In most cases the deceleration in pulsatile gonadotropin
      secretion continued, and by 4-8 days of T treatment LH pulse frequencies as low
      as 1 pulse every 5 h were observed. The onset of the T-induced deceleration in LH
      pulse frequency was generally associated with an increase in LH pulse amplitude
      and with a decline in mean LH levels. This LH response in the female to T
      treatment was similar to that previously reported for male castrates.

PMID- 4016172
TI  - Deciduomal response in androgenized rats: effect of age and steroid replacement
      therapy.
AB  - Deciduomal response was studied in female rats androgenized with a single
      injection of 1 mg of testosterone propionate at 5 days of age. Endometrial
      scratching in immature rats (33 days) elicited a better response in androgenized
      rats (AF) than in controls (NF) following induction of ovulation or steroid
      replacement therapy. In adult females receiving cervical stimulation at estrus or
      induction of ovulation, strong deciduomal response was obtained in NF rats and no
      response was observed in AF rats. In ovariectomized (OVX) rats receiving 2 mg of
      progesterone (P), the response in AF was only 50% that of NF rats. Addition of
      0.1 mg of estradiol (E2) enhanced the decidualization in NF rats but completely
      abolished that of AF rats. Following ovariectomy and a period of 12-15 days
      without any exogenous hormone, an E2 priming treatment (0.2 or 0.5 micrograms)
      for 3 days followed by a replacement therapy (2.0 mg P + 0.1 or 0.15 micrograms
      E2) allowed good response in NF rats. The response was reduced by 30-35% in AF
      rats receiving 0.1 micrograms of E2 during the replacement therapy and by 66% in
      AF rats receiving 0.15 micrograms of E2. These results indicate that in AF rats
      the reduction of the response is age dependent, the uterus is more sensitive to
      E2 than is the uterus of NF rats and the growth response is always submaximal.

PMID- 4016174
TI  - Increased daily sperm production in the breeding season of stallions is explained
      by an elevated population of spermatogonia.
AB  - Seasonal variation in number of spermatogonia and germ cell degeneration was
      evaluated to determine which mechanism might explain seasonal differences in
      daily sperm production per testis (DSP/testis) or per g parenchyma (DSP/g) in
      stallions. Comparing 28 adult stallions (4 to 20 yr old) in each of the
      nonbreeding (December-January) and breeding (June-July) seasons, the population
      of type A spermatogonia was more than two times greater (P less than 0.01) in the
      breeding season. While the number of type B spermatogonia also was elevated (P
      less than 0.01) in the breeding season, the number of type B spermatogonia/type A
      spermatogonium was similar (P greater than 0.05) between seasons. Daily sperm
      production/testis based on each cell type from type B spermatogonia to spermatids
      with elongated nuclei was lower (P less than 0.01) in the nonbreeding season.
      Based on DSP/g, there was significant degeneration during the meiotic divisions
      in the nonbreeding season. However, this reduction in potential spermatozoan
      production was not significant (P greater than 0.05) when considering DSP/testis.
      Significant germ cell degeneration also occurred in the breeding season between
      type B spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. However, the type A
      spermatogonial population was sufficiently elevated to override this degeneration
      and to explain elevated production of sperm in the breeding season of stallions.

PMID- 4016175
TI  - Bromoergocryptine decreases serum prolactin and delays sexual maturation in male
      golden hamsters.
AB  - The role of prolactin during sexual maturation in male golden hamsters was
      studied. Controls (n = 23) received vehicle and treated animals (n = 23) received
      500 micrograms 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (CB154) daily from 10 days of age until
      4 or 5 wk of age. Serum prolactin in prepubertal male hamsters was reduced to a
      nondetectable level by treatment with the dopamine agonist CB154. Flank gland
      diameter, body weight, testicular and total accessory sex organ weights, and
      serum testosterone were all significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the CB154
      treated animals. In addition, seminiferous tubule area, seminiferous tubule
      luminal and cellular areas, and number of late spermatids per tubule cross
      section were significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) in CB154-treated
      prepubertal males. Thus, the absence of prolactin retarded sexual maturation in
      male golden hamsters. These data suggest, that prolactin enhances testosterone
      production during the process of sexual maturation and supports the development
      of androgen-dependent tissues.

PMID- 4016176
TI  - The detection and purification of a cat uterine secretory protein that is
      estrogen dependent (CUPED).
AB  - An estrogen-dependent secretory protein (CUPED) was detected and purified from
      uterine flushings of ovariectomized cats treated with 17 beta-estradiol. The
      protein was not detected in uterine flushings obtained from untreated
      ovariectomized animals or estrogen-primed animals treated with progesterone for 4
      days. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of uterine
      flushings showed the presence of 1 or 2 protein bands with relative mobility
      values less than reduced and denatured thyroglobulin (Mr = 330,000). The protein
      was purified by differential centrifugation and gel filtration chromatography.
      Antiserum was raised against this purified protein in rabbits. The specificity of
      the antiserum to uterine fluid proteins was assessed by immunoblotting of
      electrophoretically transferred proteins. The antiserum cross-reacted with
      electrophoretically separated CUPED protein bands in uterine flushings. This
      protein may represent the content of the estradiol-induced secretory granules
      present in endometrial epithelial cells.

PMID- 4016177
TI  - [Safety problems of a microcomputer-equipped infusion apparatus demonstrated with
      an injection pump].

PMID- 4016178
TI  - [Clinical research on the problem of pressure distribution in single- and
      multichannel infusion apparatus].

PMID- 4016179
TI  - [Capillary tube plasma viscometer: methodology, quality control and reference
      range].

PMID- 4016180
TI  - Photon correlation spectroscopy and light scattering of eye lens proteins at high
      concentrations.
AB  - The bovine eye lens protein, alpha L crystallin, has been studied with photon
      correlation spectroscopy and statical light scattering in the concentration range
      up to 200 g/l in different solvent conditions. At higher concentration (c greater
      than 70 g/l) the scattering behavior is quite complicated, which results in
      nonexponential correlation functions. Three methods have been used for the
      analysis of these correlation functions, namely, cumulant analysis, sum of two
      exponentials analysis, and exponential sampling method. These methods resulted in
      very similar results. The highly concentrated solutions contain two scattering
      entities: the single alpha L crystallin and a rather heterogeneous population of
      large clusters. The statical light-scattering experiments can be interpreted in
      the same way and gave consistent results for the dimensions of the large
      scattering units. The formation of these clusters, which are strong light
      scatterers, is superimposed on an increasing degree of correlation between the
      bulk of the alpha L-crystallins, resulting in a net decrease of light scattering
      as a function of concentration.

PMID- 4016181
TI  - Double-beam autocompensation for fluorescence polarization measurements in flow
      cytometry.
AB  - The degree of depolarization of fluorescent light emitted from an organic dye,
      which is used as molecular probe, is a powerful tool in probing the
      microenvironment. By fluorescence depolarization the macromolecular structure can
      be investigated as well as the the mobility of the marker molecule itself or of
      the complex formed by the probe. Additional information such as energy transfer
      rates, donor-acceptor distances, and orientations are also measurable. These data
      are of particular interest if they can be measured from whole cells. Using flow
      cytometry, we can analyze a large number of cells with high statistical
      significance in a short period of time. We describe a newly developed double-beam
      epi-illumination arrangement for fluorescence polarization measurements that uses
      an autocompensation technique. This new technique permits the various
      depolarizing effects within the optical as well as the electronic components of
      the system to be continually compensated for on a cell by cell basis.
      Simultaneous measurements of other cell parameters for cell cycle analysis by
      total fluorescence intensity remains possible. The sensitivity of the system to
      measure polarization was determined as +/- 0.006 p (0 less than or equal to p
      less than or equal to 0.5 in isotropic media), which amounts to +/- 1.2% of the
      maximum p value. Polarization data for latex microspheres plotted in the
      histogram mode were measured with a standard deviation of 0.006, which proved the
      high resolution and the high performance of the system.

PMID- 4016182
TI  - Oxygen quenching of pyrene-lipid fluorescence in phosphatidylcholine vesicles. A
      probe for membrane organization.
AB  - Oxygen quenching has been used as an alternative method to study the temperature
      dependence of the apparent excimer formation constant, kdm, of N-(10-[1-pyrene]
      decanoyl)-sphingomyelin (Pyr-SPM) in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-L-alpha
      phosphatidylcholine (POPC) multilamellar vesicles. In conjunction with the
      lifetime of Pyr-SPM monomer in the absence of excimer and oxygen, kdm can be
      determined from the measurements of the monomer intensity as a function of oxygen
      concentration. The advantage of this method is that kdm can be determined without
      knowledge of the excimer lifetime and intensity, and without knowledge of the
      true concentration of oxygen in lipid bilayers. Our results show that kdm
      increases monotonically with temperature from 16 to 40 degrees C, becomes
      insensitive to temperature from 40 to 50 degrees C and increases again at 54
      degrees C. The temperature-insensitive region corresponds to the temperature
      range of the phase transition of Pyr-SPM determined by differential scanning
      calorimetry. This result suggests the existence of Pyr-SPM-enriched domains in
      POPC vesicles. In contrast, no abrupt change in kdm with temperature occurs in
      the case of 1-palmitoyl-2-[10-(1-pyrenyl) decanoyl] phosphatidylcholine (Pyr-PC).

PMID- 4016183
TI  - Dynamic quenchers in fluorescently labeled membranes. Theory for quenching in a
      three-phase system.
AB  - The theory for quenching of fluorescently labeled membranes by dynamic quenchers
      is described for a three-phase system: a fluorescently labeled membrane, a
      nonlabeled membrane, and an aqueous phase. Two different experimental protocols
      are possible to determine quenching parameters. Using the first protocol,
      partition coefficients and bimolecular quenching constants were determined for a
      hydrophobic quencher in carbazole-labeled membranes in the presence of an
      unlabeled reference membrane. These parameters determined for 1,1-dichloro-2,2
      bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) using this three-phase analysis were in good
      agreement with values determined by a two-phase analysis without the reference
      lipid. Hence, the theory was verified. In the second protocol, the quencher
      partition coefficient was determined for unlabeled membranes in the presence of a
      carbazole-labeled reference membrane. Partition coefficients for DDE determined
      by this method were the same as partition coefficients determined for carbazole
      labeled membranes using the two-phase analysis. The greater ease in determining
      partition coefficients and bimolecular quenching constants by the three-phase
      analysis and, in particular, the ability to determine the partition coefficient
      in unlabeled membranes make the three-phase analysis especially useful. This
      method was used to study the effect varying the membrane lipid composition has on
      the partition coefficient. The data indicate that partition coefficients of DDE
      in fluid membranes are not dramatically dependent upon polar head group
      composition, fatty acid composition, or cholesterol content. However,
      partitioning into gel-phase lipids is at least 100-fold less than fluid-phase
      lipids.

PMID- 4016184
TI  - Phase resetting and bifurcation in the ventricular myocardium.
AB  - With the dynamic differential equations of Beeler, G. W., and H. Reuter (1977, J.
      Physiol. [Lond.]. 268:177-210), we have studied the oscillatory behavior of the
      ventricular muscle fiber stimulated by a depolarizing applied current I app. The
      dynamic solutions of BR equations revealed that as I app increases, a periodic
      repetitive spiking mode appears above the subthreshold I app, which transforms to
      a periodic spiking-bursting mode of oscillations, and finally to chaos near the
      suprathreshold I app (i.e., near the termination of the periodic state). Phase
      resetting and annihilation of repetitive firing in the ventricular myocardium
      were demonstrated by a brief current pulse of the proper magnitude applied at the
      proper phase. These phenomena were further examined by a bifurcation analysis. A
      bifurcation diagram constructed as a function of I app revealed the existence of
      a stable periodic solution for a certain range of current values. Two Hopf
      bifurcation points exist in the solution, one just above the lower periodic limit
      point and the other substantially below the upper periodic limit point. Between
      each periodic limit point and the Hopf bifurcation, the cell exhibited the
      coexistence of two different stable modes of operation; the oscillatory
      repetitive firing state and the time-independent steady state. As in the Hodgkin
      Huxley case, there was a low amplitude unstable periodic state, which separates
      the domain of the stable periodic state from the stable steady state. Thus, in
      support of the dynamic perturbation methods, the bifurcation diagram of the BR
      equation predicts the region where instantaneous perturbations, such as brief
      current pulses, can send the stable repetitive rhythmic state into the stable
      steady state.

PMID- 4016185
TI  - Vibrational analysis of the all-trans retinal protonated Schiff base.
AB  - We have obtained Raman spectra of a series of all-trans retinal protonated Schiff
      base isotopic derivatives. 13C-substitutions were made at the 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
      11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 positions while deuteration was performed at position 15.
      Based on the isotopic shifts, the observed C--C stretching vibrations in the
      1,100-1,400 cm-1 fingerprint region are assigned. Normal mode calculations using
      a modified Urey-Bradley force field have been refined to reproduce the observed
      frequencies and isotopic shifts. Comparison with fingerprint assignments of all
      trans retinal and its unprotonated Schiff base shows that the major effect of
      Schiff-base formation is a shift of the C14--C15 stretch from 1,111 cm-1 in the
      aldehyde to approximately 1,163 cm-1 in the Shiff base. This shift is attributed
      to the increased C14--C15 bond order that results from the reduced
      electronegativity of the Schiff-base nitrogen compared with the aldehyde oxygen.
      Protonation of the Schiff base increases pi-electron delocalization, causing a 6
      to 16 cm-1 frequency increase of the normal modes involving the C8--C9, C10--C11,
      C12--C13, and C14--C15 stretches. Comparison of the protonated Schiff base Raman
      spectrum with that of light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin (BR568) shows that
      incorporation of the all-trans protonated Schiff base into bacterio-opsin
      produces an additional approximately 10 cm-1 increase of each C--C stretching
      frequency as a result of protein-induced pi-electron delocalization. Importantly,
      the frequency ordering and spacing of the C--C stretches in BR568 is the same as
      that found in the protonated Schiff base.

PMID- 4016186
TI  - On the mechanism of muscular contraction.
AB  - A thermodynamic analysis is presented for the energy conversion by muscle
      contraction. During the cyclic processes the major change in energy of the myosin
      actin system is due to bond formation between myosin heads and actin. To account
      for the high efficiency of a working muscle the work done is connected directly
      to the formation of myosin-actin bond. It is suggested that successively stronger
      bonds are formed by a stepwise movement of myosin heads over an interval between
      two troponin molecules on the actin filament. At the end of the interval, where
      the bond has maximum strength, energy is supplied to break the bond. Here the
      work is not primarily connected to the 45 degrees rotation of myosin heads as is
      commonly done. A way of separating the different kinds of energy losses is
      presented.

PMID- 4016187
TI  - Donnan potential and surface potential of a charged membrane.
AB  - A model is presented for the electrical potential distribution across a charged
      biological membrane that is in equilibrium with an electrolyte solution. We
      assume that a membrane has charged surface layers of thickness d on both surfaces
      of the membrane, where the fixed charges are distributed at a uniform density N
      within the layers, and that these charged layers are permeable to electrolyte
      ions. This model unites two different concepts, that is, the Donnan potential and
      the surface potential (or the Gouy-Chapman double-layer potential). Namely, the
      present model leads to the Donnan potential when d much greater than 1/k' (k' is
      the Debye-Huckel parameter of the surface charge layer) and to the surface
      potential as d----0, keeping the product Nd constant. The potential distribution
      depends significantly on the thickness d of the surface charge layer when d less
      than or approximately equal to 1/k'.

PMID- 4016188
TI  - The effect of oxygen on the amplitude of photodriven electron transfer across the
      lipid bilayer-water interface.
AB  - The surprisingly small effect of oxygen on photoelectron transfer in pigmented
      lipid bilayers is traced to a short lifetime of the excited states. Decreasing
      the oxygen concentration by greater than 100-fold decreases the half saturating
      concentration of acceptor by only threefold and has no effect on the maximum
      photovoltage observed at acceptor saturation. This holds true for both magnesium
      octaethylporphyrin and chlorophyll with both ferricyanide and methyl viologen as
      acceptors. Since oxygen quenches excited states at near the encounter limit, the
      lifetime of reactive state must be short, less than 100 ns. About 100-fold higher
      concentrations of acceptor are required to quench the fluorescence (in liposomes)
      than to saturate the photoeffect. Thus the reactive state is most likely the
      triplet. The short life of the excited state is caused by concentration
      quenching, i.e., their reaction with ground state molecules. The increase of
      photovoltage with increasing pigment concentration shows that this quenching in a
      condensed form of the pigment produces ions that lead to the observed
      photovoltage by interfacial reaction of the anion with acceptor.

PMID- 4016189
TI  - Red blood cell deformation in shear flow. Effects of internal and external phase
      viscosity and of in vivo aging.
AB  - Shear deformation of young and old human red blood cells was examined over a
      range of shear stresses and suspending phase viscosities (eta o) using a cone
      plate Rheoscope. The internal viscosities (eta i) of these cell types differ, and
      further changes in internal viscosity were induced by alteration of suspension
      osmolality and hence cell volume. For low suspending viscosities (0.0555 or 0.111
      P) old cells tended to tumble in shear flow, whereas young cells achieved stable
      orientation and deformed. Changes in osmolality, at these external viscosities,
      altered the percentage of cells deforming, and for each cell type threshold
      osmolalities (Osm-50) were determined where 50% of cells deformed. The threshold
      osmolalities were higher for younger cells than for older cells, but the internal
      viscosities of the two cell types were similar at their respective Osm-50.
      Threshold osmolalities were also higher for the higher external viscosity, but
      the ratio of internal to external viscosities (i.e., eta i/eta o) was nearly
      constant for both external viscosities. Deformation of stably oriented cells
      increased with increasing shear stress and approached a value limited by cell
      surface area and volume. For isotonic media, over a wide range of external
      viscosities and shear stresses, deformation was greater for younger cells than
      for older cells. However, deformation vs. shear stress data for the two cell
      types became nearly coincident if young cells were osmotically shrunk to have
      their internal viscosity close to that for old cells. Increases in external
      viscosity, at constant shear stress, caused greater deformation for all cells.
      This effect of external viscosity was not equal for young and old cells; the
      ratio of old/young cell deformation increased with increasing eta o. However, if
      deformation was plotted as a function of the ratio lambda = eta i/eta o, at
      constant shear stress, young and old cell data followed similar paths. Thus the
      ratio lambda is a major determinant of cell deformation as well as a critical
      factor affecting stable orientation in shear flow.

PMID- 4016190
TI  - Characterization of the chromophore of the third rhodopsin-like pigment of
      Halobacterium halobium and its photoproduct.
AB  - Halobacterium halobium contains at least three retinal-containing pigments:
      bacteriorhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and a third rhodopsin-like pigment (tR)
      absorbing at approximately 590 nm, tR590. Illumination of tR590 gives rise to a
      very long-lived blue absorbing photoproduct, tR370. Using high-performance liquid
      chromatography we show that the chromophore of tR590 is primarily all-trans
      retinal and its conversion by light to tR370 causes the chromophore to isomerize
      primarily to the 13-cis conformation. Irradiation of the tR370 gives rise to a
      transient photoproduct absorbing at approximately 520 nm that decays back to the
      initial pigment tR590. In addition to all-trans retinal, the apomembrane of tR
      can also combine with 13-cis retinal but not with the 9- or 11-cis isomers.

PMID- 4016191
TI  - Fixed charges of the heart muscle interstitium.
AB  - The interstitium of the heart muscle is primarily composed of ground substance.
      The glycoproteins and proteoglycans that formed the ground substance bore
      negative charges at neutral pH like the glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans of
      the water-rich phase of the interstitium. Microelectrodes were used to look for
      the existence of an electrical potential between the interstitium of the rabbit
      papillary muscle and an ambient medium. Evidence is presented for the existence
      of such an electrical potential. When the ambient solution was a Krebs solution,
      this potential was evaluated at -5.7 mV. This electrical potential is dependent
      on the filling solution of the microelectrodes and on the ambient medium; in
      rabbit serum, the electrical potential diminished to -0.6 mV. Assuming that this
      potential is a measure of the Donnan potential, the Cl and Na activities in the
      interstitium were evaluated to 76 and 135 mM when the rabbit papillary muscle was
      superfused with a Kreb's solution.

PMID- 4016193
TI  - The rate of diffusion of Ca2+ and Ba2+ in a nerve cell body.
AB  - A spectrophotometric method was developed to directly measure the diffusion rate
      of Ca2+ and some other ions in nerve cell bodies, using pulsed ionophoretic
      injections and an optical microprobe to record locally absorbance changes of the
      dye arsenazo III. We report here that Ca2+ and Ba2+ diffuse at approximately the
      same rate in nerve soma cytoplasm, having effective diffusion coefficients in the
      range of 7-12 X 10(-7) cm2/s, while identical measurements conducted in an
      electrolytic solution yielded values of 5.2 X 10(-6) cm2/s for Ca and 5.4 X 10(
      6) cm2/s for Ba. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms that
      regulate the intracellular concentration of free Ca.

PMID- 4016192
TI  - Novel fluorescence method to visualize antibody-dependent hydrogen peroxide
      associated "killing" of liposomes by phagocytes.
AB  - We have developed a new methodology to examine effector-cell-mediated immune
      attack using liposomes as targets. Hydrogen-peroxide-associated killing of
      liposomes was observed with fluorescence intensification microscopy. Liposomes
      were composed of 98-99 mol % egg phosphatidylcholine and 1-2 mol % dinitrophenyl
      lipid hapten. Anti-dinitrophenyl IgG antibody was used to opsonize liposomes.
      Liposomes were loaded with dihydroxymandelic acid (DHMA) and peroxidase.
      Macrophage- or neutrophil-mediated recognition of liposomes triggers the release
      of H2O2 and other oxidative products. Upon interaction of H2O2 or OH radical with
      liposome contents, DHMA dimerizes forming a fluorescent derivative. Our studies
      indicate that individual living neutrophils and macrophages deposit oxidative
      products in a heterogeneous fashion among bound targets.

PMID- 4016194
TI  - Depolarization spectrum of diffracted light from muscle fiber. The intrinsic
      anisotropy component.
AB  - The depolarization signal of the diffraction patterns from muscle fibers includes
      information that differs from that of transmission birefringence experiments.
      Although both the birefringence studies and the phase shift studies of Yeh et al.
      (Yeh, Y, and G. Pinsky, 1983, Biophys. J., 42:83-90; Yeh, Y., M. E. Corcoran, R.
      J. Baskin, and R. L. Lieber, 1983, Biophys. J., 44:343-351) include inseparable
      intrinsic and form contributions, the present analysis shows that the magnitude
      of the E-field components of diffracted light is affected only by the intrinsic
      contribution. We have analyzed the amplitude portion of the data of which the
      phase shift portion had previously been reported (Yeh, Y., M. E. Corcoran, R. J.
      Baskin, and R. L. Lieber, 1983, Biophys. J., 44:343-351). For the relaxed-to
      rigor transition, these field amplitudes also exhibit changes when ATP
      concentration is decreased. The observed decrease in optical depolarization upon
      rigor is consistent with the idea that optically anisotropic elements move away
      from the myosin thick filament under such conditions.

PMID- 4016195
TI  - Repulsive forces in lecithin glycol lamellar phases.
AB  - The repulsive pressure vs. distance for phospholipid bilayers in glycol has been
      determined from vapor pressure measurements. The magnitude of this pressure is
      similar to the case when water is present between the lipid bilayers. Hence, an
      interaction directly corresponding to the previously reported hydration force is
      shown also for nonaqueous lecithin/solvent systems.

PMID- 4016196
TI  - Absolute measurement of enhanced fluctuations in assemblies of biomolecules by
      ultrasonic techniques.
AB  - By expressing the fluctuation-dissipation theorem explicitly, equations are
      obtained for the ultrasonic relaxation amplitudes that contain one single
      molecular parameter, i.e., the fluctuation, or the sum of fluctuations. The
      absolute measurement of this parameter is therefore possible. The equations apply
      to a two-state system, to a multistate system and to a linear Ising chain as
      well. In an aqueous medium, where molar volume changes are important, the
      ultrasonic relaxation amplitudes are proportional to the volume fluctuations. For
      assemblies of biomolecules that exhibit enhanced ultrasonic absorption on
      assembly it is possible to measure the increase on assembly of the sum of
      fluctuations. In view of application to tobacco mosaic virus protein aggregates,
      examples are given in which the fluctuations associated with two normal modes of
      relaxation are equally enhanced when the difference of conformational stability
      of the states is reduced. The corresponding observable changes of the ultrasonic
      spectra are described.

PMID- 4016197
TI  - The intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence of histone H1. Steady state and fluorescence
      decay studies reveal heterogeneous emission.
AB  - In wavelength-resolved steady state spectra we observe three different kinds of
      emission from histone H1, a class A protein with only a single tyrosine residue.
      Unfolded H1 emissions that peak at approximately 300 and 340 nm can both be
      excited maximally at approximately 280 nm. Another, peaking much further to the
      red at approximately 400 nm, can be excited maximally at approximately 320 nm.
      The 300-nm fluorescence can be resolved by lifetime measurements into three
      components with decay times of approximately 1, 2, and 4 ns. On sodium-chloride
      induced refolding of H1, simplification of the emission properties occurs. The
      340 and 400-nm components disappear while the two shorter lifetime components of
      the 300-nm band diminish in amplitude and are replaced by the 4-ns decay. We
      believe that the 340-nm emission is tyrosinate fluorescence resulting from
      excited-state proton transfer. The origin of the 400-nm emission remains
      uncertain. We assign the 1 and 2-ns components of the 300-nm emission to two
      states of tyrosine in denatured H1 and the 4-ns decay to fluorescence of the
      single tyrosine residue in the globular region of refolded H1. Our results
      support the contention that salt induced folding of H1 is a cooperative two state
      process, and permit us to better understand the previously reported increases in
      fluorescence intensity and anisotropy on salt-induced folding.

PMID- 4016198
TI  - Kinetic differences at low temperatures between R and T state carbon monoxide
      carp hemoglobin.
AB  - We use the low-temperature recombination kinetics of carbon monoxide with carp
      hemoglobin to determine that the R and T states of hemoglobin exhibit different
      low-temperature geminate recombination kinetics. The peak of the fitted Gaussian
      activation energy spectrum is at 1.5 kcal/mol for R state and 1.8 kcal/mol for T
      state. The distribution in activation energies is fit well by the Agmon-Hopfield
      linear strain model. The T state is fit with a stronger elastic constant than R,
      and has a larger displacement of the protein conformation coordinate than does
      the R state, indicating that the T state does have a significantly greater
      rigidity and also stores more strain energy in its conformational states than
      does R hemoglobin. The pre-exponential in the activation energy spectrum is only
      a factor of two greater in the R than the T state and the low-temperature
      activation energy spectrum does not correctly predict the difference in the on
      rates for R and T states at 300 degrees K, indicating that processes removed from
      the binding site are important in cooperativity.

PMID- 4016199
TI  - The primary event in vision investigated by time-resolved fluorescence
      spectroscopy.
AB  - The picosecond fluorescence kinetics and quantum yield from bovine rhodopsin were
      measured in the 5-40 degrees K range. The fluorescence rise and decay times are
      faster than our resolution of 15 ps (full width at half maximum) over this entire
      temperature range. The size of the observed emission was also temperature
      independent, and we find that the upper limit of rhodopsin's fluorescence quantum
      yield to be phi f approximately equal to 10(-5). Replacing all of rhodopsin's
      exchangeable protons with deuterons by suspending rhodopsin in D2O had no effect
      on either the kinetics of the emission or the value of the quantum yield. Our
      data provide strong confirmation of the idea that the first step in the visual
      process is an excited-state cis-to-trans isomerization about the C11-C12 double
      bond of retinal.

PMID- 4016200
TI  - Epithelial water transport in a balanced gradient system.
AB  - The relationship between epithelial fluid transport, standing osmotic gradients,
      and standing hydrostatic pressure gradients has been investigated using a
      perturbation expansion of the governing equations. The assumptions used in the
      expansion are: (a) the volume of lateral intercellular space per unit volume of
      epithelium is small; (b) the membrane osmotic permeability is much larger than
      the solute permeability. We find that the rate of fluid reabsorption is set by
      the rate of active solute transport across lateral membranes. The fluid that
      crosses the lateral membranes and enters the intercellular cleft is driven
      longitudinally by small gradients in hydrostatic pressure. The small hydrostatic
      pressure in the intercellular space is capable of causing significant
      transmembrane fluid movement, however, the transmembrane effect is countered by
      the presence of a small standing osmotic gradient. Longitudinal hydrostatic and
      osmotic gradients balance such that their combined effect on transmembrane fluid
      flow is zero, whereas longitudinal flow is driven by the hydrostatic gradient.
      Because of this balance, standing gradients within intercellular clefts are
      effectively uncoupled from the rate of fluid reabsorption, which is driven by
      small, localized osmotic gradients within the cells. Water enters the cells
      across apical membranes and leaves across the lateral intercellular membranes.
      Fluid that enters the intercellular clefts can, in principle, exit either the
      basal end or be secreted from the apical end through tight junctions. Fluid flow
      through tight junctions is shown to depend on a dimensionless parameter, which
      scales the resistance to solute flow of the entire cleft relative to that of the
      junction. Estimates of the value of this parameter suggest that an electrically
      leaky epithelium may be effectively a tight epithelium in regard to fluid flow.

PMID- 4016201
TI  - Novel fluorescence method to visualize antibody-dependent hydrogen peroxide
      associated "killing" of liposomes by phagocytes.
AB  - We have developed a new methodology to examine effector-cell-mediated immune
      attack using liposomes as targets. Hydrogen peroxide-associated killing of
      liposomes was observed with fluorescence intensification microscopy. Liposomes
      were composed of 98-99 mol % egg phosphatidylcholine and 1-2 mol % dinitrophenyl
      lipid hapten. Anti-dinitrophenyl IgG antibody was used to opsonize liposomes.
      Liposomes were loaded with dihydroxymandelic acid (DHMA) and peroxidase.
      Macrophage- or neutrophil-mediated recognition of liposomes triggers the release
      of H2O2 and other oxidative products. Upon interaction of H2O2 or OH radical with
      liposome contents, DHMA dimerizes forming a fluorescent derivative. Our studies
      indicate that individual living neutrophils and macrophages deposit oxidative
      products in a heterogenous fashion among bound targets.

PMID- 4016202
TI  - Effect of divalent cations on the assembly of neutral and charged phospholipid
      bilayers in patch-recording pipettes.
AB  - Monolayers of the negatively charged phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) and of
      the amphoteric phospholipid dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) were used to
      assemble bilayers at the tip of patch-recording pipettes. PS bilayers, with seal
      resistances in the range of gigaohmns (gigaseals), could only be generated when
      millimolar concentration of divalent cations, Ca++, Mg++, or Ba++ were present in
      the pipette and bath solutions. In contrast, gigaseals of DOPE were independent
      of divalent ion concentration in the pH range where DOPE is predominantly neutral
      (pH 6.5) or positively charged (pH 1.5). At pH 10.0, when most DOPE molecules
      bear a net negative charge, gigaseals became divalent cation dependent, in a
      manner quantitatively similar to that of PS at neutral pH. The results indicate
      that divalent cations play an important role in stabilizing gigaseals of
      negatively charged lipid but are of no consequence in neutral or positively
      charged seals.

PMID- 4016203
TI  - Distributed kinetics of decay of the photovoltage at the lipid bilayer-water
      interface.
AB  - The decay kinetics of the photovoltage formed on pulsed illumination of a
      chlorophyll a- (chl a-) containing lecithin-bilayer adjacent to a ferricyanide
      solution on one side show characteristics of a system with distributed rate
      constants, i.e., the decay approaches linearity in log of time. The kinetics can
      be explained by a distribution of the chl cation over a few angstroms depth in
      the interfacial region of the bilayer and a rate constant exponentially dependent
      on distance as expected from tunneling theory. Addition of the donor ferrocyanide
      both increases the average rate and sharpens the distribution. There is a
      competitive inhibition by ferricyanide of the reaction of pigment cation with
      ferrocyanide. Removal of oxygen increases the rate of decay when an acceptor,
      methyl viologen or anthraquinone-2-sulfonate, forms oxygen-sensitive radicals.
      The cation charge does not cross the bilayer on a time scale of less than 0.01 s.
      These data define a reaction localized precisely in the finite interfacial region
      of the lipid bilayer-water interface.

PMID- 4016204
TI  - Temperature dependence of photovoltages generated by bacteriorhodopsin.
AB  - The temperature dependence of the photovoltage developed by a model membrane
      containing bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is studied. The model membrane is formed by
      first coating a thin Teflon sheet with lipid and then fusing BR vesicles to it.
      The time course of the photoresponse is resolved down to 1 microsecond. The
      photoresponse is taken to be a sum of exponentials. Exponential time constants
      and amplitudes are determined by an analysis of the photoresponse with a
      photovoltage vs. log time plot, correlation filter, and nonlinear least-squares
      routine. The photovoltage is taken to be the sum of three exponentials but only
      two of the three time constants are resolved. Both are temperature dependent and
      indicate a thermally activated transport process. The corresponding activation
      energies are 55 kJ/mol and 62 kJ/mol. Since the photovoltage is proportional to
      charge times displacement the corresponding charge displacements are 11 and 34 A
      assuming a total displacement of 45 A. The remaining exponential term corresponds
      to a small negative transient in the photovoltage that has a rise time less than
      1 microsecond even at -20 degrees C. The calculated charge displacement is
      estimated to be less than 2 A.

PMID- 4016205
TI  - The vibrational spectrum of water in liquid alkanes.
AB  - The water wire hypothesis of hydrogen-ion transport in lipid bilayers has
      prompted a search for water aggregates in bulk hydrocarbons. The asymmetric
      stretching vibration of the water dissolved in n-decane and in a number of other
      alkanes and alkenes has been observed. The water band in the alkanes is very wide
      and fits to the results of a J-diffusion calculation for the water rotation. This
      implies that the water is freely rotating between collisions with the solvent and
      certainly not hydrogen bonded to anything. The existence of water aggregates is
      thus most unlikely. In contrast, water in an alkene is hydrogen bonded to the
      solvent molecules (although not to other water molecules) and shows an entirely
      different spectrum.

PMID- 4016207
TI  - Detailed mechanics of membrane-membrane adhesion and separation. I. Continuum of
      molecular cross-bridges.
AB  - The mechanics of membrane-membrane adhesion are developed for the approximation
      that the molecular cross-bridging forces are continuously distributed as a normal
      stress (force per unit area). The significance of the analysis is that the finite
      range of the cross-bridging forces and the microscopic contact angle are not
      assumed negligible. Since the cross-bridging and adhesion forces are finite range
      interactions, there are two membrane regions: a free zone where the membranes are
      not subject to attractive forces; and an adherent zone where the membranes are
      held together by attractive stresses. The membrane is treated as an elastic
      continuum. The approach is to analyze the mechanics for each zone separately and
      then to require continuity of the solutions at the interface between the zones.
      Final solution yields the membrane contour and stresses proximal to and within
      the contact zone as well as the microscopic contact angle at the edge of the
      contact zone. It is demonstrated that the classical Young equation is consistent
      with this model. The results show that the microscopic contact angle becomes
      appreciable when the strength of adhesion is large or the length of the cross
      bridge is large; however, the microscopic contact angle approaches zero as the
      membrane elastic stiffness increases. The solution predicts the width of the
      contact zone over which molecular bonds are stretched. It is this boundary region
      where increased biochemical activity is expected. In the classical model
      presented here, the level of tension necessary to oppose spreading of the contact
      is equal to the minimal level of tension required to separate the adherent
      membranes. This behavior is in contrast with that derived for the case of
      discrete molecular cross-bridges where the possibility of different levels of
      tension associated with adhesion and separation is introduced. The discrete cross
      bridge case is the subject of a companion paper.

PMID- 4016206
TI  - 23Na and 39K nuclear magnetic resonance studies of perfused rat hearts.
      Discrimination of intra- and extracellular ions using a shift reagent.
AB  - High-resolution 23Na and 39K nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of
      perfused, beating rat hearts have been obtained in the absence and presence of
      the downfield shift reagent Dy(TTHA)3- in the perfusing medium. Evidence
      indicates that Dy(TTHA)3- enters essentially all extracellular spaces but does
      not enter intracellular spaces. It can thus be used to discriminate the
      resonances of the ions in these spaces. Experiments supporting this conclusion
      include interventions that inhibit the Na+/K+ pump such as the inclusion of
      ouabain in and the exclusion of K+ from the perfusing medium. In each of these
      experiments, a peak corresponding to intracellular sodium increased in intensity.
      In the latter experiment, the increase was reversed when the concentration of K+
      in the perfusing medium was returned to normal. When the concentration of Ca2+ in
      the perfusing medium was also returned to normal, the previously quiescent heart
      resumed beating. In the beating heart where the Na+/K+ pump was not inhibited,
      the intensity of the intracellular Na+ resonance was less than 20% of that
      expected. Although the data are more sparse, the NMR visibility of the
      intracellular K+ signal appears to be no more than 20%.

PMID- 4016208
TI  - Detailed mechanics of membrane-membrane adhesion and separation. II. Discrete
      kinetically trapped molecular cross-bridges.
AB  - In general, membrane-membrane adhesion involves specific molecular binding and
      cross-bridging reactions. The ideal, classical view is that near equilibrium the
      forces required to separate adhesive contacts are essentially equal to those
      induced in the membrane when the contact is formed. In contrast to the classical
      view, experimental observations often show that negligible levels of tension are
      induced by the adhesive contact even though the tension required to separate the
      contact is large enough to rupture the membrane. The deviation in tension levels
      associated with contact formation and separation appears to be due to the sparse
      distribution of strong molecular cross-bridges. Here, the mechanics of membrane
      membrane adhesion and separation is developed for the case of discrete,
      kinetically trapped cross-bridges. The solution is obtained by numerical
      computation of the membrane contour that minimizes the total free energy
      (membrane elastic energy of deformation plus cross-bridge energies) in the
      contact zone. This solution is matched with the analytical solution for membrane
      stresses and geometry derived for the adjacent, unbridged zone. The results yield
      specific values of the macroscopic tension applied to the membrane in the plane
      region away from the contact zone and the microscopic angle at the edge of the
      contact zone. Two disparate values of the macroscopic tension are found: (a) the
      minimum tension required to separate the adherent membranes; and (b) the maximum
      tension induced in the membranes when the contact is formed (i.e., the level of
      tension at which the contact will just begin to spread). The results show that
      the deviation between these two tensions can be very large and depends strongly
      on the surface density of cross-bridges. In addition, the results provide an
      estimate of the restraining forces that anchor receptors within the plane of the
      membrane.

PMID- 4016209
TI  - Donnan potentials in rabbit psoas muscle in rigor.
AB  - Collins and Edwards (1971, Am. J. Physiol., 221:1130-1133) have shown that a
      tissue potential can be measured with microelectrodes in glycerinated muscle and
      that this potential is consistent with a Donnan equilibrium of small ions due to
      the concentration of net fixed electric charge on the contractile proteins. This
      approach has been combined with x-ray and light diffraction measurements of the
      muscle lattice dimensions, and the data are used to determine the thick filament
      charge and thin filament charge under a variety of different conditions. The
      thick filament charge is a function of the bathing solution, in particular its pH
      and ionic composition. These parameters are important in determining the volume
      of the equilibrium lattice and possibly are involved in the contraction mechanism
      itself.

PMID- 4016210
TI  - Donnan potentials from the A- and I-bands of glycerinated and chemically skinned
      muscles, relaxed and in rigor.
AB  - Using a combination of microelectrode measurements and high-power microscopy we
      have demonstrated that different Donnan potentials can be recorded from the A-
      and I-bands of glycerinated and chemically skinned muscles in rigor, so that the
      A-band fixed charge concentration exceeds the I-band fixed charge concentration
      in the rigor condition. In relaxation the two potentials, and therefore the two
      charge concentrations, are equal in the two bands. X-ray data are presented for
      relaxed and rigor rat semitendinosus muscle, chemically skinned, and actin and
      myosin filament charges are calculated under a variety of conditions. Our
      conclusions are that (a) the fixed (protein) charge is different in the A- and I
      bands of striated muscle in the rigor state; (b) the fixed charges are equal in
      the A- and I-bands of relaxed muscle; (c) the largest charge change between
      relaxation and rigor is on the thick filament. This occurs whether or not the
      myosin heads are cross-linked to the thin filaments. (d) Possibly an event on the
      myosin molecule, the binding of ATP (or certain other ligands) causes a
      disseminated change that modifies the ion-binding capacity of the myosin rods, or
      part of them.

PMID- 4016211
TI  - Fluorometry of turbid and absorbant samples and the membrane fluidity of intact
      erythrocytes.
AB  - In employing intrinsic or extrinsic fluorophores in the study of whole cells, or
      other strongly absorbant and/or scattering samples, the measured fluorescence
      intensity and polarization is seriously affected by absorption and scattering
      within the sample cuvet. These artifacts are analyzed and simple protocols are
      provided for overcoming them. An expression relating attenuation of the observed
      emission anisotropy to sample turbidity is derived. The validity of the method is
      confirmed by experiments in which the emission anisotropies and fluorescence
      yields of membrane probes in intact erythrocytes was measured with precision. It
      is also shown that the rotational mobility of the membrane probe 1-phenyl-3-(2
      naphthyl)-2-pyrazoline is the same for intact erythrocytes and ghosts. These
      protocols are particularly useful in measuring the intrinsic fluorescence yield
      ratio for excimeric and monomeric emission of pyrene-containing membrane probes.
      This provides a method for determining the local lateral mobility of excimeric
      probes in intact erythrocytes.

PMID- 4016212
TI  - Assessment of the symmetry of stem-cell mitoses.
AB  - A model of Paneth-cell renewal in the small intestinal epithelium is used to
      estimate the probability that epithelial stem-cell mitoses are symmetric in the
      sense that they produce two cells of the same type. I found that counts of the
      number of Paneth cells per crypt (Paneth cells are terminally differentiated
      cells derived from small intestinal epithelial stem cells) support a model in
      which most, if not all, stem-cell mitoses are symmetric.

PMID- 4016213
TI  - The magnetic field of a single axon. A comparison of theory and experiment.
AB  - The magnetic field and the transmembrane action potential of a single nerve axon
      were measured simultaneously. The volume conductor model was used to calculate
      the magnetic field from the measured action potential, allowing comparison of the
      model predictions with the experimental data. After analyzing the experiment for
      all systematic errors, we conclude that the shape of the magnetic field can be
      accurately predicted from the transmembrane potential and, more importantly, the
      shape of the transmembrane potential can be calculated from the magnetic field.
      The data are used to determine ri, the internal resistance per unit length of the
      axon, to be 19.3 +/- 1.9 k omega mm-1, implying a value for the internal
      conductivity of 1.44 +/- 0.33 omega -1 m-1. Magnetic measurements are compared
      with standard bioelectric techniques for studying nerve axons.

PMID- 4016214
TI  - Conformation of double-stranded polydeoxynucleotides in solution by proton two
      dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy.

PMID- 4016215
TI  - Model computations on the differential scattering of circularly polarized light
      (CIDS) by dense macromolecular particles.

PMID- 4016216
TI  - The physical origin of the low solubility of nonpolar solutes in water.

PMID- 4016217
TI  - Base tilt of poly[d(A)]-poly[d(T)] and poly[d(AT)]-poly[d(AT)] in solution
      determined by linear dichroism.

PMID- 4016218
TI  - Crystal structure of the cis-syn photodimer of thymidylyl (3'-5') thymidine
      cyanoethyl ester.

PMID- 4016219
TI  - A low-salt form of poly(dG-5M-dC).poly(dG-5M-dC).

PMID- 4016220
TI  - [Changes in water metabolism in rats under the influence of naloxone: role of
      vasopressin].
AB  - The effect of naloxone (0.6 mg; 1.2 mg; 2.4 mg X kg-1) were compared in normal
      Long Evans (N) and Brattleboro (D.I.) conscious rats. Naloxone did not change the
      values of drinking, diuresis, food intake, blood pressure, Na+ and K+ urinary
      excretion measured during 24 hours. During the two hours following drug
      injection, naloxone (1.2 and 2.4 mg X kg-1) reduced diuresis in normal as well as
      in D.I. rats. Water drinking was only modified in D.I. rats: this effect was
      shown to be a consequence of antidiuresis. These results suggest that the
      antidiuretic properties of naloxone are independent of vasopressin secretion.
      They do not support in a role of opiate receptors on vasopressin secretion in
      normal hydrated animals.

PMID- 4016221
TI  - Relationship between the age of platelets and their megakaryocytopoiesis
      inhibiting effect.
AB  - Homogenate made from young platelets suppressed thrombocytopoiesis in mice more
      effectively than homogenate made from old platelets. To achieve the same
      suppressive effect as that of young platelets, homogenate made from twice as many
      old platelets were needed.

PMID- 4016222
TI  - Initiation of DNA synthesis in the liver and other tissues of adult mice by a
      growth factor (EACF) isolated from acellular fluid of the Ehrlich ascites
      carcinoma.
AB  - The mitogenic effect of a new growth factor that we recently isolated from the
      acellular ascitic fluid of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma grown in vivo was
      examined. We have called this factor EACF (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma factor).
      EACF caused initiation of DNA synthesis in the liver, submandibular gland,
      exorbital lacrimal gland and epithelium of the tongue of adult mice after i.p.
      injection at a protein concentration of 3 micrograms per 25 g of body weight. For
      all tissues examined, except the tongue, EACF initiated DNA synthesis at about 48
      to 60 h after injection, with the maximum effect at approx. 85 h, and the
      stimulatory effect lasting approx. 60 h. The initiation of DNA synthesis in
      liver, which is normally characterized by only an occasional cell passing through
      the S phase, by EACF is of particular interest. The initiation of DNA synthesis
      in the liver was not prevented by hypophysectomy. Evidence also indicates that a
      similar heat-labile growth promoting factor(s) is present in calf serum.

PMID- 4016223
TI  - Assessment of the antidiabetic activity of epicatechin in streptozotocin-diabetic
      and spontaneously diabetic BB/E rats.
AB  - (-)-Epicatechin has previously been suggested to rapidly reverse alloxan diabetes
      in rats. We have assessed the therapeutic value of the compound in two further
      animal models of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, namely streptozotocin
      diabetic rats and the spontaneously diabetic BB/E rat. There was no indication of
      a reversal of established diabetes in either the streptozotocin-diabetic or the
      spontaneously diabetic BB/E rats. Moreover, epicatechin also failed to halt the
      progression of the disease in prediabetic BB/E rats. Earlier claims of the
      potential use of epicatechin as an antidiabetic agent must therefore be treated
      with some caution.

PMID- 4016224
TI  - Aggregation and fusion of lipid vesicles induced by diphtheria toxin at low pH:
      possible involvement of the P site and the NAD+ binding site.
AB  - Model membranes have been used to study the interaction between diphtheria toxin
      and lipids. We report here on the ability of this toxin to induce, at low pH,
      fusion and aggregation of asolectin lipid vesicles. Resonance energy transfer
      experiments using lipid fluorescent probes make it possible to discriminate
      between these two processes.

PMID- 4016225
TI  - Synthesis of (+) and (-) RNA molecules of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) in
      isolated nuclei and its impairment by transcription inhibitors.
AB  - Transcription studies with highly purified potato cell nuclei in combination with
      a 'transcription-hybridization analysis' unequivocally demonstrate that the
      nucleus is the subcellular site where the entire process of PSTV replication
      takes place. Inhibition experiments with actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin
      furthermore suggest that the nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II are
      involved in the synthesis of PSTV (+) and (-) RNA, respectively.

PMID- 4016226
TI  - [Structural changes in the pulmonary vessels and parenchyma in experimental
      hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis].
AB  - Light and electron microscopy were employed to study the microcirculatory bed
      (MCB), intraorganic vessels and lung tissue in rabbits in the first hours (1, 3,
      6, 15, 24 and 48 h) after a single administration of cholesterol (ChS) and in the
      course of the development of experimental atherosclerosis. The MCB demonstrated
      changes such as dilatation of the venular part, arteriolar constriction, red cell
      aggregation in capillaries and venules, and stases. At the early stages of
      experimental atherosclerosis induced by the diet the permeability of the air
      blood barrier and the synthesis of lung surfactant were found to be deranged.
      Vessel-tissue changes in the lungs progressed with an increase in the length of
      the diet (1-8 months) and were alike the picture seen in chronic nonspecific lung
      diseases, particularly in what is called senile emphysema. A relationship was
      established between the degree of changes in the MCB and HCh gravity.
      Atherosclerotic lesions in the intraorganic arteries occur and progress parallel
      with the development of this process in the intramural arteries of the
      myocardium. The data obtained attest to an important role of lipid metabolism
      disorders in the development of lung pathology and may have a certain
      significance in specifying the pathogenesis of chronic nonspecific lung diseases,
      especially.

PMID- 4016227
TI  - [Collagen resorption by macrophages and fibroblasts in liver cirrhosis].
AB  - Intracellular lysis of collagen by macrophages and fibroblasts in liver cirrhosis
      and during its reverse development has been shown in experiments on mice by
      electron microscopy and electron histochemistry. Based on the data obtained it is
      concluded that in the process under consideration, there occur phagocytosis and
      intracellular resorption of collagen by macrophages and fibroblasts and that
      intracellular collagen lysis in the cells in question occurs in the presence of
      active involvement in the process of lysosomal enzymes.

PMID- 4016228
TI  - [Functional activity of the structures of the medulla oblongata in rats with
      arterial hypertension of renal origin (histoenzymological research)].
AB  - A quantitative histochemical study of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and NADH
      dehydrogenase (NADH-D) activity in medulla oblongata structures was accomplished
      in rats with arterial renovascular hypertension of the "2 kidneys-2 clips" type
      lasting 5 months. The systolic arterial blood pressure measured by the tail-cuff
      method was 179 +/- 4 mm Hg in hypertensive rats versus 108 +/- 3 mm Hg in
      control. There was a significant elevation of SDH activity in the ventral
      reticular and commissural nuclei, while in the neurons of the vagus dorsal and
      ambiguous nuclei it was lowered. NADH-D activity was significantly increased in
      the neuropil of the hypoglossal nerve nucleus and reduced in its neurons. The
      general trend was also revealed toward reduction of the maximal and elevation of
      the minimal activities in other nuclei. These metabolic alterations reflect
      changes in the functional activity of vasomotor and other structures of the
      medulla oblongata in renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 4016229
TI  - [Biopotential amplifier with nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics for recording
      low-amplitude pulses].
AB  - An amplifier with non-linear volt-ampere characteristics for recording low
      amplitude nerve pulse activity is offered. It permits recording impulses with an
      amplitude exceeding the noise by 3-5 microV and afferent impulse activity of rat
      taste nerves.

PMID- 4016230
TI  - [Electron microscopic research on capillary regeneration in skeletal muscle after
      mechanical damage].
AB  - At early stages the regeneration of the capillaries in adult rats in the focus of
      the skeletal muscle traumatic injury proceeds together with regeneration of
      muscle elements. However, it is retarded to some extent. The capillaries are
      formed within the borders of the basal membranes of the destroyed vessels or grow
      de novo from poorly differentiated interstitial cells.

PMID- 4016231
TI  - [Fluorescence spectra of the SIF cells in rat neuroganglia].
AB  - The spectral curves of emission of paraform-induced fluorophores in small,
      intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in lumbar ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and
      in the major pelvic ganglion were compared with the fluorescence spectra of
      lipofuscin granules in the perikaryons of the neurons of the vagus inferior
      ganglion. As a rule, the fluorescence spectra of SIF cells correlate with the
      content in them of catecholamines. The spectral characteristics of fluorophores
      of so-called "yellow" SIF cells have much in common with the fluorescence spectra
      of lipofuscin granules. Apparently, in some of cases small cells containing
      lipofuscin may be identified as "yellow" SIF cells.

PMID- 4016232
TI  - [Sensory support of tongue movements in the sound-forming process in infants in
      the lst year of life].
AB  - The structural and functional formation of tongue tactile sensory formations were
      correlated in infants. Heterochronicity was recorded both in build up of receptor
      formations in different areas of the tongue (tip, body, root) and sensory control
      of its movements related to sound formation. Receptor formations of the root of
      the tongue are formed first of all, hence the first sounds that are uttered by
      infants are primarily velar ones, followed by the appearance of the medio-lingual
      and later by dorsal sounds.

PMID- 4016233
TI  - [Mathematical model of vasorenal hypertension].

PMID- 4016234
TI  - [Interrelation of the changes in the blood rheological properties and the
      microcirculatory disorders in the early and late stages of experimental
      hyperlipoproteinemia].
AB  - Experiments were made on rabbit fed an atherogenic diet (0.5 g/kg cholesterol)
      singly for 15 and 24 h and repeatedly for 3, 9 and 30 days. At early stages of
      lipid metabolism distress the interrelationship was established between blood
      rheological disorders and microcirculatory abnormalities. The dependence of the
      initial reaction of some rheological characteristics on their initial level was
      marked.

PMID- 4016235
TI  - [Improved blood flow in the organs and the prevention of thrombus formation with
      cold].
AB  - It has been established that tissue cooling to 15-20 degrees C brings about a
      short-term spasm of smooth muscles of the intestine, peripheral vessels and of
      the visceral vessels, replaced by an appreciable spasmolytic effect at the 5th
      8th minute of hypothermia. The maximal hyperemia develops by the 15th-20th minute
      of the cooling and persists over the whole period of the cooling. It is assumed
      that inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of the smooth
      muscles underlies the spasmolytic action of cold. In addition, cold produces a
      marked hypocoagulation effect.

PMID- 4016236
TI  - [Turnover of the amino sugars of erythrocyte and thrombocyte glycoproteins in
      rats maintained on different carbohydrate diets].
AB  - The turnover of erythrocyte and platelet glycoprotein amino sugars in rats fed
      carbohydrates has been studied. Partial replacement of starch by sucrose results
      in an almost 3-fold increase in the half-life of erythrocyte glycoprotein amino
      sugars and in a 2-fold increase in that of platelets as early as 14 days after
      keeping the animals on carbohydrates. It is concluded that study of dynamic
      parameters of cell amino sugars can be used for evaluation of the role played by
      food in metabolic and adaptive reactions both in experimental animals and man.

PMID- 4016237
TI  - [Inhibitors of reverse serotonin uptake and of specific imipramine binding in
      human blood plasma].
AB  - Human blood plasma contains low-molecular substances that inhibit in a dose
      dependent manner both high-affinity specific binding of imipramine and reverse
      serotonin uptake by platelets. Incubation of human blood plasma with alumina was
      made use of to extract and study these imipramine-like inhibitors. The extract
      obtained from human blood plasma inhibited imipramine binding and reverse uptake
      of serotonin with median inhibitory concentrations of 0.18 +/- 0.1 and 0.36 +/-
      0.15 mg/ml, respectively. After gel chromatography on Biogel P-2 the elution
      profile of the extract showed 2 major peaks of reverse serotonin uptake and
      imipramine binding inhibition and 3 additional peaks of reverse serotonin uptake
      inhibition, which did not have any considerable effect on imipramine specific
      binding. It is assumed that endogenous inhibitors of imipramine binding and
      reverse serotonin uptake are involved in the development of affective disorders.

PMID- 4016238
TI  - [Changes in the blood system after its extracorporeal irradiation].
AB  - One-stage extracorporeal beta-radiation of dog blood in a dose of 6-12 Gy is not
      followed by the development of radiation after-effects. Favourable changes in the
      peripheral blood content are marked. Erythrocyte carbohydrates undergo adaptation
      reconstruction with an increase in the percentage of nucleic acids. Over 7 to 30
      days of observation the activity of nonspecific immunity factors such as
      lysozyme, lytic activity of beta-lysines, and phagocytosis also increases. At the
      same time the antimicrobial action of penicillin is potentiated. The data
      obtained can be used for correction of upset immune responsiveness.

PMID- 4016239
TI  - [Regulatory characteristics of the different components of the mesenteric
      microcirculatory bed in rats].
AB  - Heterogeneous tonic reactions of the different parts of the mesentery
      microcirculatory bed to intravenous infusions of noradrenaline and their
      cessation were revealed. It is assumed that venules play a more important role in
      the organization of blood circulation in the capillaries and arteriolo-venular
      anastomoses than arterioles.

PMID- 4016240
TI  - [Effect of the antioxidant dibunol and its combination with phenazepam on the
      behavior of rats in a conflict situation].
AB  - The influence of dibunol, phenazepam used alone and combined on rat conflict
      behavior and rat blood and brain malonic dialdehyde content was studied. It was
      shown that dibunol exerts an unmarked anticonflict action that can be removed by
      bicuculline. Combined administration of dibunol and phenazepam potentiates
      appreciably the anticonflict effect. This permits reducing the doses of the
      drugs. The anxiolytic effect of dibunol alone and combined with phenazepam is
      attended by a decrease in the content of malonic dialdehyde in rat blood and
      brain, evidence of the reduction of the lipid peroxidation intensity.

PMID- 4016241
TI  - [Possibilities of using neurotropic agents for preventing the development of
      aphthous stomatitis].
AB  - Aphthous lesions of the oral mucosa were simulated in dogs by common bile duct
      ligation. In one of the experimental groups, the animals were administered the
      beta-adrenoblocker obsidan 30 min before operation. Two hours after operation the
      regions of the oral mucosa mostly affected by aphthous lesions were examined for
      the content of adrenaline and noradrenaline (NA). The data obtained indicate a
      significant increase in the content of NA and adrenaline in the oral mucosa 2 h
      following operation. In animals pretreated with obsidan, the content of
      catecholamines remained at the level seen in the control group. Therefore,
      blocking the transmission of nerve impulses to the sympathetic nervous system
      obsidan interferes with the reflex influence from the involved organs of the
      abdominal cavity, thereby protecting the oral mucosa tissues from the damage
      inducing action of high concentrations of NA.

PMID- 4016242
TI  - [Nonspecificity of the phenomenon of influenza virus phagocytosis by murine
      macrophages].
AB  - Peritoneal macrophage cultures from intact mice and those immune to influenza
      virus A/PR/8/34 (HON1) were infected with homologous virus or influenza virus
      A/England/42/72 (H3N2) whereupon virus was isolated from chick embryos. It was
      established that in intact macrophages, both viruses duplicated similarly.
      Macrophages immune to virus HON1 equally disintegrated both in homologous virus
      and heterologous influenza virus H3N2.

PMID- 4016243
TI  - [Experimental study of the antimutagenic properties of 5-methylresorcinol].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of 5-methylresorcinol (5-MR) on mutagenic activity
      of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and of the action of gamma-radiation in in-vitro and in
      vivo systems. The induction of direct gene mutations in Chinese hamster cells V
      79 and micronuclei in mouse bone marrow reticulocytes was efficiently suppressed
      by 5-MR treatment. The antimutagenic activity of 5-MR can be explained by
      inhibition of free-radical processes.

PMID- 4016244
TI  - [Influence of anticarcinogenic agents on the transplacental carcinogenic effect
      of N-nitroso-N-ethylurea].
AB  - Experiments on rats were made to study the action of 7 anticarcinogenic
      substances administered postnatally for a long time (sodium selenite, retinol
      acetate, phenformin, amber acid, low-molecular polypeptide factors of the thymus,
      pineal gland, and bone marrow) on the transplacental carcinogenic effect of N
      ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) The polypeptide factors of the thymus and pineal gland
      and phenformin inhibited the development of nervous system and renal tumors
      induced transplacentally by ENU. The rest of the substances did not influence the
      transplacental carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4016245
TI  - [Effect of cyclophosphamide on the ganglioside content and profile in
      metastasizing and nonmetastasizing mammary carcinoma in mice].
AB  - The content and profile of gangliosides (Gs) were investigated in metastatic (HMC
      L) and nonmetastatic (HMC-O) mouse mammary carcinomas before and after
      cyclophosphamide (CP) treatment. It was shown that the Gs content did not alter
      markedly during HMC-O growth, whereas in HMC-L, it increased to maximum on day 15
      after tumor inoculation and then dropped. CP treatment led to a steady rise in
      the Gs content in both tumors. The main Gs in HMC-O corresponded to GDIa, GMI,
      GDIb and hematosides, while in HMC-L, the main Gs at days 9-15 after tumor
      inoculation corresponded to GDIa (50-65% of total Gs). The action of CP on HMC-O
      was not accompanied by any essential alterations in the Gs profile, whereas in
      HMC-L on days 3-6 after CP treatment the relative content of GDIa was
      significantly lowered and the GMI and hematoside content markedly increased.
      These findings indicate that there is an obvious relation between the Gs profile
      and tumor ability to form metastases.

PMID- 4016246
TI  - [Participation of the lacrimal glands in wound healing processes].
AB  - A hypothesis is advanced that nociceptive stimulation activates the functional
      system of wound healing. Experiments were made to investigate whether the
      lacrimal glands, which are activated due to pain, are involved in the system of
      healing. Rat experiments have demonstrated that nociceptive stimulation of the
      lacrimal glands accelerates the repair of cutaneous wounds by 26 to 30%.
      Lacrimectomy accompanied by distension of wound rims (up to 26% by the 3d-4th
      hour) inhibits the rate of healing by 18 to 20%. Intraperitoneal injection of a
      lacrimal gland extract activates healing in lacrimectomized rats. The data
      obtained suggest that the lacrimal glands are involved in wound healing.

PMID- 4016247
TI  - [Reproductive characteristics of the mitochondria in the cardiac myocyte detected
      by scanning electron microscopy].
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy of the left ventricle myocardium of intact rabbit
      revealed that the mitochondria of cardiac myocytes are formed by division,
      budding, synthesis de novo from the hyaloplasm, and by "lacing" from channels of
      the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 4016248
TI  - [Reperfusion damages to the heart in acute transitory coronary failure and their
      prevention with myophedrin].
AB  - Experiments were made on 56 white noninbred male rats with transitory coronary
      insufficiency (duration of myocardial ischemia 10, 40 and 120 min, the length of
      subsequent reperfusion 10 and 40 min). It was discovered that there were changes
      in the ultrastructure of cardiocytes and vessels of the microcirculatory bed both
      in the area of ischemia and reperfusion and in the distant heart regions, an
      increase in myocardial cell and microvessel lesions during postischemic
      reperfusion not only in the area of ischemia but also in distant zones. In
      addition, a reduction was noted in the degree of ischemic and reperfusion
      myocardial injury during the prophylactic use of myophedrine. The mechanisms of
      the protective action of myophedrine in acute transitory coronary insufficiency
      are discussed.

PMID- 4016249
TI  - [Effect of masking on interhemispheric and bilateral asymmetry of long-latency
      auditory evoked potentials].
AB  - Considering the effects of noise on the amplitude of long-latent auditory evoked
      potentials, it is concluded that masking interference diminishes the right
      hemisphere dominance in the processing of the non-speech acoustic information.
      The decrease is observed both with the monotic and dichotic delivery of signals
      and noise. With monotic presentation masking interference also decreases the
      extent of the lateralization of monaurally delivered information predominantly to
      the contralateral hemisphere.

PMID- 4016250
TI  - [Possible role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias in
      myocardial infarct].
AB  - The effect of myocardial infarction sustained by rats on the resistance of their
      isolated auricles to H2O2, an inductor of lipid peroxidation (LP), was studied.
      Atrial resistance to the LP inductor depends on the level of developed tension
      (DT) and the decrease of DT leads to augmentation of atrial resistance to the
      arrhythmogenic effect of LP. The experimental myocardial infarction causes
      appreciable disturbances in the function of automatism of the auricles, 60% of
      which lose their capability of spontaneous contractile activity. When compared
      with the control under equal DT, the auricles of the "infarction" series are less
      resistant to H2O2: the time of arrhythmias and arrests in them are 2.3 times as
      much as in the control. In infarction, the pretreatment with ionol reduces both
      the quantity of the auricles which stopped before H2O2 administration and the
      quantity of the auricles responding by arrhythmia to LP induction. The data point
      to the possibility of the use of antioxidants for preventing arrhythmias in
      experimental myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4016251
TI  - [Comparative morphofunctional research on the individual resistance of animals to
      hypoxia].
AB  - It has been shown in experiments on white male rats that there is a correlation
      between hypoxia tolerance and the rate of metabolism in brain tissue. Animals
      with varying tolerance to hypoxia differed also in the acid-base balance of
      venous blood outflowing from the brain. While adapting to hypoxia animals with
      high individual tolerance developed the main metabolic changes in the reticular
      formation and those with low tolerance in the cerebral cortex. During adaptation
      to hypoxia animals with high and low tolerance had varying changes in acid-base
      balance. The data obtained allow the conclusion that there is a correlation
      between the rate of brain tissue metabolism, acid-base balance of jugular vein
      blood and individual animals' tolerance to hypoxia.

PMID- 4016252
TI  - [Interrelation of the intracellular oxidation-reduction processes and the organic
      water balance in experimental peritonitis in rats].
AB  - Dissociation of oxidative phosphorylation and the lowering of the respiratory
      control during oxidation of succinate, alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate by
      hepatocyte mitochondria were observed in rats with experimental fecal
      peritonitis. The initial increase in the oxidation rate of the substrates
      enumerated is replaced by inhibition, whose degree is maximal as regards alpha
      ketoglutarate, being less manifest as regards succinate. In the absence of the
      manifestations of the total dehydration, the increased water content in liver,
      skeletal muscle and renal tissues is coupled with relatively high values of the
      ADP/O and is in a good agreement with the lowering of the respiratory control
      during alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation.

PMID- 4016253
TI  - [Effect of food deprivation on the absorption of chick ovalbumin in adult guinea
      pigs].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of complete alimentary fasting of varying duration
      on barrier permeability of the gastrointestinal tract for chick ovalbumin (OA).
      Guinea-pigs which fasted for 96, 48 and 12 (control) hours were fed
      intragastrically 300 mg chick ovalbumin in saline, and after 3 hours
      immunoreactive OA was measured in blood serum by competitive radioimmunoassay. It
      was established that fasting of the animals for 96 h led to a significant
      increase in unchanged food antigen uptake by systemic circulation. The similar
      increase of OA intake after 48 h of fasting was insignificant. The data obtained
      can be explained in terms of a decrease in protease activity and inhibition of
      amino acid uptake by the intestinal epithelium under complete alimentary fasting.

PMID- 4016254
TI  - [Rate of lymph flow and the protein-electrolyte composition of the lymph from the
      thoracic duct in experimental acholia].
AB  - Experimental acholia was reproduced by applying a biliary fistula to the
      choledochus in cats for 20 days. It was established that acholia was accompanied
      by considerable changes in the lymph flow and in the protein-electrolyte
      composition of the lymph. The rate of the lymph flow in animals with acholia was
      more than 2 times as decreased as compared with control. The electrolyte and
      protein shifts in the lymph during acholia were manifested by the reduction in
      the lymph protein and K+ content.

PMID- 4016255
TI  - [Dark adaptation of the photoreceptors in the isolated frog retina during induced
      lipid peroxidation].
AB  - The influence of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in isolated frog retina on dark
      adaptation of photoreceptors was studied. Stimulus-response functions, late
      receptor potential (LRP) as function of the stimulus light intensity were
      measured before bleach and in a steady state after dark adaptation. It was shown
      that accumulation of LPO products influenced dark adaptation in photoreceptors.
      Based on the displacements of the stimulus-response curves and experimental
      measurement data on the rate of LRP collapse after retina treatment with
      strophanthin it is concluded that the most probable mechanism of such an
      influence lies in a change of photoreceptor plasma membrane permeability.

PMID- 4016256
TI  - [Brain monoamine oxidase in schizophrenia].
AB  - The content of SH-groups and substrate specificity have been studied in purified
      preparations of monoamine oxidase (MAO) from human brain. It has been shown that
      both in schizophrenic and mentally normal persons MAO occurs in a partially
      oxidized state. The enzyme contains 2 SH-groups per 10(5) daltons of protein and
      deaminates MAO substrates (serotonin, beta-phenylethylamine) along with
      histamine, diamine oxidase substrate. Reduction of the partially oxidized SH
      groups of MAO in schizophrenics up to 15 SH-groups per 10(5) daltons of protein
      (the normal value for human brain MAO) does not eliminate the histamine deaminase
      activity as is the case in experiments with MAO from the normal brain but, on the
      contrary, considerably potentiates it. The data suggest certain structural
      alteration of MAO in schizophrenia.

PMID- 4016257
TI  - [Possible mechanism of the change in the catalytic properties of brain monoamine
      oxidase in rats].
AB  - An over two-fold decrease in the affinity of mitochondrial MAO to serotonin was
      found under hyperoxia, hypoxia and cold stress. At the same time serotonin
      deaminase and glucosamine deaminase activity was detected in the supernatant
      obtained after precipitation of the mitochondria. The data obtained indicate that
      the modification of the catalytic properties of MAO is caused both by alteration
      of the molecular properties of the enzyme and structural derangement of the
      mitochondrial membranes.

PMID- 4016258
TI  - [Interaction of liposomes with a varying lipid composition with hepatocytes in
      vitro].
AB  - Interaction of liposomes from egg lecithin, phospholipids and gangliosides of rat
      liver with rat hepatocyte monolayers was investigated. It was shown that
      liposomes from phospho- and glycolipids of the liver were bound by rat
      hepatocytes to a far greater degree than lecithin liposomes. Liver gangliosides
      increased active endocytosis of liposomes by hepatocytes. Preincubation of
      hepatocytes with gangliosides reduced the binding of phosphoglycolipid liposomes
      by those cells.

PMID- 4016259
TI  - [Hormonal regulation of anabolic processes and of protein utilization efficiency
      in the early postnatal period].
AB  - The levels of thyroid, pituitary and steroid hormones-thyroxine, triiodothyronine
      and 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in the blood serum, somatotropin in the pituitary,
      and processes of protein assimilation were studied in rats in the early postnatal
      period. The highest endogenous production of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and
      somatotropin was detected in 15-day-old rats. The highest level of protein
      utilization was detected in 7 to 15-day-old rats, followed by the lowering of the
      utilization on changing over to definitive nutrition. Endogenous production of
      the anabolic hormones thyroxine, triiodothyronine and somatotropin was found to
      correlate with a high level of protein utilization in rats within the first days
      of life after birth.

PMID- 4016260
TI  - [Characteristics of the formation of local destructive foci in brain tissues
      exposed to focused ultrasound].
AB  - Local lesions produced in the different brain structures by focused ultrasound
      were investigated. It was revealed that the blood flow volume velocity had a
      considerable influence on temperature distribution in the focal area and on the
      threshold doses and lesion dimensions. Calculation of the lesion diameters on the
      basis of a purely heat model shows rather good accordance with the experimental
      data for the large hemispherical cortex and thalamic nuclei with a sufficiently
      long radiation time. A correlation was found between the subharmonic component of
      cavitation noise and appearance of the cavities, ruptures, and local hemorrhages
      located mainly on the boundaries between different cerebral tissues.

PMID- 4016261
TI  - [Action of thyroxine on the cytochrome content in the brain and liver
      mitochondria during the postnatal development of rats].
AB  - The content of cytochromes c + c1, b and a in brain and liver mitochondria in 7
      day-old rats reaches the level seen in adult animals. Administration of L-T4 in a
      dose of 0.7 micrograms/g rat bw for 4 days before sacrifice results in activation
      of cytochrome synthesis in both test organs within the first week of the suckling
      rats' life. On the 20th day of the postnatal period the effect of T4 is seen only
      in the liver while the brain tissue turns out indifferent to the thyroid hormone.
      Thus, T4 activates cytochrome biosynthesis in brain mitochondria during the first
      week of the rats' life, that leads to the acceleration of the functional activity
      and higher differentiation of the developing brain mitochondria.

PMID- 4016262
TI  - [Effect of etimizol on instrumental learning in rats].
AB  - The action of etimizol on the acquisition of the conditioned reflexes with
      different complexity and biological significance of reinforcement was studied.
      The acquisition was performed in a shuttle box and U-shaped maze using food and
      footshock stimuli. The time interval between administration of etimizol (3 mg/kg)
      and the onset of learning varied between 0.5 and 3 h in the several series.
      Etimizol did not facilitate the learning in rats whatever the time of
      administration and biological modality of reinforcement. It is suggested that the
      positive effect of etimizol on the memory is related to its influence on the
      consolidation stage.

PMID- 4016263
TI  - [Dependence of the effect of vasodilator preparations on the initial
      distensibility of the vascular bed].
AB  - Acute experiments on anesthetized cats under extracorporeal circulation were made
      to study the effects of papaverine, phentolamine and dihydroergotamine on the
      blood flow-pressure relations of the vascular bed of the greater circulation. It
      was shown that the drug-induced change in the vascular resistance were dependent
      on the perfusion flow and on the initial distensibility of arterial vessels as
      well. A mathematical simulating model that permits fore-telling alterations in
      the vascular resistance is described.

PMID- 4016264
TI  - [Changes in the immunological indices after splenectomy and the reimplantation of
      splenic fragments in an experiment].
AB  - Splenectomized guinea-pigs underwent autotransplantation of splenic fragments
      into the greater omentum or mesentery of small intestine. Twenty-five to thirty
      days after operation the animals were infected with S. aureus and then were
      examined over time before and after infection at different times. Measurements
      were taken of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, lymphocytes with staphylococcal
      receptors, as well as of the content of neutrophils with IgG Fc-fragment and
      complement receptors. It was established that in guinea-pigs subjected to
      splenectomy followed by autotransplantation of decapsulated splenic fragments,
      the experimental generalized staphylococcal infection took a milder course, which
      was manifested by an increase in the above immunologic characteristics as
      compared to animals undergoing splenectomy alone.

PMID- 4016265
TI  - [Staphylococcal infection in guinea pigs with enhanced delayed hypersensitivity
      induced by Staphylococcus aureus surface antigens].
AB  - A comparative study was made of the relationship between the DHS phenomenon and
      certain staphylococcal antigens and the intensity of infectious process in
      sublethal infection of guinea-pigs by Staphylococcus aureus. The protective
      effect, which was manifested by reduced amounts of staphylococcal colonies in
      spleen tissues and elevated level of lymphocytes, and neutrophil activation,
      correlated with DHS induced by surface antigens under study (cell wall,
      peptidoglycan, protein A). Incomplete combination or certain antigens induced DHS
      but did not increase the resistance to the following infection.

PMID- 4016266
TI  - [Evans blue as an adjuvant for enhancing delayed hypersensitivity in an
      experiment].
AB  - A modified method has been elaborated for induction of delayed type
      hypersensitivity (DH) in CBA mice with the use of Evans blue (EB) as adjuvant.
      This model permitted studying the mechanism of DH development, establishing the
      dependence of DH on the dose of EB, the dose and type of protein antigen, and
      realizing passive transfer of DH with the aid of splenocytes from active
      synthesized mice. EB is a convenient and effective adjuvant for induction and
      study of the mechanism of DH development.

PMID- 4016267
TI  - [Characteristics of the NK cells in Syrian hamsters carrying tumors with varying
      metastatic and resistance-suppressing activity].
AB  - Experiments in vivo and in vitro were made to study the effects of HETR-MLN-8 and
      HETR tumor cells differing in metastatic ability and inhibition of the natural
      host resistance to tumor on cytotoxic activity of NK from Syrian hamsters. Marked
      inhibition of cytotoxicity and ability for interferon activation was detected in
      NK isolated from tumors (as compared with blood), with that inhibition being far
      more pronounced in highly malignant HETR-MLN-8 tumors. This may indicate a direct
      inhibitory action of the tumor or its products on NK cytotoxicity. The in-vitro
      competition inhibition test yielded results showing that HETR-MLN-8 cells capable
      of in-vivo inhibition of the natural host resistance to the tumor also display
      much more demonstrable ability for in-vitro inhibition of NK cytotoxicity as
      compared to HETR cells.

PMID- 4016268
TI  - [Effect of methylcobalamin on methotrexate transport in normal and tumorous
      tissues].
AB  - The effect of methylcobalamin on 3H-methotrexate uptake by tumor and normal
      tissues of mice with mammary adenocarcinoma (Ca-755) was studied. Methylcobalamin
      stimulated the rate of 3H-methotrexate influx into the tumor and small intestine
      but did not change its influx into the spleen. The effect was dependent on the
      dose of methylcobalamin. Comparative analysis of the kinetic differences in 3H
      methotrexate influx and efflux in tumor and susceptible host tissues revealed the
      optimal dose of methylcobalamin 0.01 mg/kg to improve the antitumor drug action.

PMID- 4016269
TI  - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the recovery processes in the resected
      thyroid of rats].
AB  - Histological, electron microscopy and radiometry methods were used to study the
      time-course of the recovery of the morphological and functional parameters of the
      rat thyroid after resecting 2/3 of the organ. The signs of thyrocyte
      regeneration, namely hypertrophy of the cells and ultrastructures, proliferation
      and formation of new follicles were most pronounced on the 5th day. The increase
      in the number of C cells, their hypertrophy and proliferation permit attaining
      the high calcitonin level in the blood serum, reaching a maximum on the 15th
      experimental day.

PMID- 4016270
TI  - [Effect of simultaneous partial pancreatectomy on liver regeneration in domestic
      chickens].
AB  - Simultaneous partial pancreatectomy does not change the fundamental mechanisms of
      reparative regeneration of the chick liver, taking the course of regeneration
      hypertrophy. Nevertheless it introduces some temporary and quantitative
      alterations into this process. Later on the connective tissue is formed on the
      wound surface and infiltration of the resected organ lobe with eosinophilic
      leukocytes takes place. The wound healing and scar formation are slightly
      retarded, with the processes of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the cells being
      more significant. These events govern more continuous and more intense processes
      of the regeneration of epithelial structures and the growth of the secretory
      tubes. The liver weight completely returns to normal toward the end of
      experiment. Stereological analysis of the regenerating organ shows that this
      happens largely due to the regeneration growth of the glandular parenchyma
      because of the activation of proliferative processes and cell hypertrophy.

PMID- 4016272
TI  - [Structural and functional characteristics of Kupffer cells at different periods
      of the development of a liver response in mice to injury].
AB  - The number of Kupffer cells increased up to necroses and processes of liver
      regeneration following carbon tetrachloride-induced injury. Mouse Kupffer cells
      migrated to the necrotic centrolobular zones 48 h after CCl4-induced necroses.
      During regeneration, Kupffer cells migrated to the sinusoids from the necrotic
      centrolobular zones. Study of the ultrastructure of Kupffer cells indicates
      activation of their function during all observation periods.

PMID- 4016271
TI  - [Morphofunctional restructuring of the nervous system of the lymphoid organs
      during electrostimulation of the hypothalamus].
AB  - The intramural nervous apparatus of rabbit lymphoid organs was examined after 15
      and 30 sessions of electric stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus. The
      function of nerve cells was evaluated by cytophotometry according to the content
      of catecholamines and acetylcholinesterase (ACE) activity. In the mesenteric
      lymph nodes, stimulation led to a decrease in the activity of both adrenergic and
      ACE-containing nerve cells. The spleen demonstrated a reduction in the
      catecholamine content in the perivascular nerve plexuses, with a simultaneous
      rise of the catecholamine content in the fibers located in the parenchyma, which
      evidences inhibition of the neurogenous mechanisms of vasomotor control and
      possible selective activation of the sympathetic mechanisms involved in the
      regulation of the immunogenesis. Thymic preparations impregnated with silver
      salts manifested high argyrophilia of the nerve cells, characteristic of the
      reactive phase of the destructive process. The problems of the hypothalamic
      effects on the blood supply and functions of the immune system organs are
      discussed.

PMID- 4016273
TI  - [The problem of modelling in pharmacology].

PMID- 4016274
TI  - [Multiple recording of electromyograms in a chronic experiment].
AB  - The authors describe electromyographic electrodes (EMG electrodes) for recording
      the activity of several muscles in chronic experiments on cats. An EMG electrode
      is a loop made of a silver wire 200 micron in diameter and 1.5-2 cm long, to
      which a flexible copper wire insulated with teflon 300 micron in diameter is
      soldered. The soldering site is insulated with biologically indifferent material.
      The EMG electrodes turned out fairly good in numerous experiments.

PMID- 4016275
TI  - Liquid preservation of human neutrophils stored in synthetic media at 22 degrees
      C: controlled observations on storage variables.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to use a chemically defined medium to identify
      essential substances and optimal conditions for the liquid storage of neutrophils
      at 22 degrees C. Several commercially available synthetic media were evaluated: L
      15, McCoy's 5a, M199, minimum essential medium, Dulbecco's MEM, NCTC135, and RPMI
      1640. Proteins, glucose, pH, and neutrophil concentration were systematically
      studied. Neutrophils were harvested by centrifugal cell separators or phlebotomy,
      and their maintenance was evaluated by monitoring cell counts, dye exclusion,
      phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and chemotaxis. Neutrophils stored equally well
      in all synthetic media except L-15; however, chemotaxis was poorly maintained in
      synthetic media as compared with autologous plasma. RPMI 1640 was arbitrarily
      selected as a basal medium to evaluate storage variables. RPMI 1640 supplemented
      with albumin to a concentration of 1% improved chemotaxis and was equivalent to
      plasma as a storage medium with regard to the in vitro functions tested. Cohn
      fractions IV-1, IV-4, and gamma globulin were not effective substitutes for
      albumin. Glucose is essential for neutrophil storage; its absence from the medium
      correlated with poor cell function. Optimal glucose requirements depend on the
      cell concentration. High glucose concentrations were toxic to neutrophils; at
      1,000 mg/dL, chemotaxis was depressed by 58%. Glucose utilization was dependent
      on the initial pH of the medium and on the cell concentration. A wide range of
      hydrogen ion concentrations was tolerated, and the optimum pH range was 7.2 to
      7.8. Cell concentration is an important variable because it affects the pH of the
      medium as well as glucose utilization.

PMID- 4016276
TI  - Disparate differentiation in hemopoietic colonies derived from human paired
      progenitors.
AB  - We analyzed the differentiation of hemopoietic colonies derived from human paired
      daughter cells. Candidate progenitor cells were isolated by use of a
      micromanipulation technique from cultures of My-10 antigen-positive cord blood
      cells. Then nine to 36 hours later, the paired daughter cells were separated with
      a micromanipulator and allowed to form colonies in methylcellulose medium
      containing erythropoietin, phytohemagglutinin leukocyte-conditioned medium, and
      platelet-poor plasma. The cellular composition of the colonies was determined by
      differentiating all of the cells of the May-Grunwald-Giemsa-stained preparation.
      Of a total of 75 evaluable pairs of colonies, 35 consisted of 28 types of
      disparate pairs revealing nonhomologous lineage combinations. Forty pairs were
      homologous in lineage expression. However, the proportions of the individual cell
      lineages were significantly different in the members of some of the homologous
      pairs. Some pairs revealed significant differences in colony size. These
      observations are similar to those reported for murine paired progenitors and are
      consistent with the stochastic model of human stem cell differentiation.

PMID- 4016277
TI  - Diethylstilbestrol selectively modulates plasma coagulation protein synthesis by
      the perfused rat liver.
AB  - The combined effects of orchiectomy and estrogen administration on synthesis of
      selected hepatic secretory proteins--antithrombin (AT) III, plasminogen,
      fibrinogen, factor II (prothrombin), factor VII, fibronectin, and albumin--were
      studied using the isolated rat liver perfused in vitro for ten hours. Male rat
      liver donors underwent orchiectomy under ether anesthesia and then received 5.0
      mg of diethylstilbestrol (DES) by subcutaneous pellet implantation or a placebo
      pellet; 14 days later the livers were extracted and perfused in vitro for ten
      hours. In DES experiments, 1.0 mg of DES was also added directly to the liver
      perfusate at the outset. Pretreatment with DES resulted in significant increases
      in cumulative synthesis of factors II (65%) and VII (76%) and significant
      reduction in cumulative synthesis of both antithrombin III (20%; P = .03) and
      plasminogen (27%; P less than .01) compared to control perfusions, but synthesis
      of fibrinogen, fibronectin, and albumin was not significantly affected by
      addition of the hormone. Plasma samples collected from rat liver donors that had
      received DES showed similar effects on protein concentrations: significant
      decreases in concentration of plasminogen and antithrombin III were apparent with
      no significant changes in concentrations of fibrinogen, fibronectin, or albumin.
      In additional perfusions, "dose-response" experiments were conducted in which rat
      liver donors received a subcutaneous DES pellet of 0.5, 5.0, or 50 mg. Synthesis
      of plasminogen in this group of perfusions was progressively decreased as the
      concentration of DES administered to the rat liver donor increased. Synthesis of
      AT III was reduced to the same degree by 5.0 or 50 mg of DES, both being
      substantially lower than the 0.5-mg experiments. Concentrations of these two
      proteins in plasma samples from rat liver donors showed changes quite similar to
      those seen in perfusion experiments; however, plasma fibrinogen concentrations
      were not different among the three groups of rats.

PMID- 4016279
TI  - Growth and cytogenetic characteristics of bone marrow colonies from patients with
      5q-syndrome.
AB  - Early erythroid precursor cells and myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM) from four
      patients with 5q-syndrome were cultured in order to study the in vitro growth
      patterns and to determine the clonal origin of this hematologic disorder.
      Cultures of CFU-GM exhibited normal colony growth, while erythroid progenitor
      cells demonstrated a marked decrease or absence of colony growth. Chromosomal
      studies indicate the 5q-chromosome is present in both hematopoietic progenitor
      cells, suggesting that the syndrome is an acquired clonal disease arising from a
      pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. Follow-up cytogenetic studies reveal a
      decrease in the number of normal metaphases. This finding is consistent with
      reports that emphasize the slowly progressive nature of this malignant stem cell
      defect.

PMID- 4016278
TI  - Evaluation of covalent antisickling compounds by PO2 scan ektacytometry.
AB  - The ektacytometer, a device to measure erythrocyte flexibility, has been used to
      evaluate antisickling agents that covalently modify hemoglobin S (HbS). The
      instrument has been adapted to produce a continuous gradient of oxygen pressure
      in the measuring cuvette, which permitted the rapid determination of sickle cell
      rigidity over the complete oxygenation range. Inspection of curves allows
      classification of the compounds according to their mode of action: altering
      oxygen affinity or increasing deoxy-HbS solubility. Reagents that modify amino
      groups, thiols, and histidine, as well as a crosslinking agent, were examined.
      The method directly evaluates deoxygenated cell deformability rather than cell
      shape. Many of the compounds that are effective in preventing the morphological
      sickling of deoxygenated sickle cells do not necessarily restore cell
      deformability. The method also readily detects membrane damage brought about by
      covalent agents that nonspecifically derivatize membrane proteins. Cystamine and
      pyridoxal appear to improve deformability in deoxygenated SS cells at
      concentrations that do not damage the membrane. This method, which examines the
      intact cell, fills a gap in the available experimental techniques for drug
      evaluation, between studies of isolated hemoglobin and in vivo studies.

PMID- 4016280
TI  - Estradiol and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: prognostic value after
      relapse.
AB  - The prognostic significance of estradiol (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR)
      for survival from relapse has been studied in two groups of breast cancer
      patients: group 1, 35 patients in whom receptor levels were measured at the time
      of mastectomy; group II, 49 patients in whom receptor levels were measured at the
      time of recurrence. ER+ (greater than 10 fmoles/mg) patients had a better
      survival from relapse than ER- patients. High levels of PgR (greater than 50
      fmoles/mg) had a prognostic significance only in group II patients.

PMID- 4016281
TI  - The relationship between estrogen receptors in primary and secondary breast
      carcinomas and in sequential primary breast carcinomas.
AB  - A review of over 2000 patients who had estrogen receptors (ER) assayed in the
      primary breast carcinoma identified 48 cases in whom a subsequent second primary
      breast carcinoma or concurrent or recurrent secondary tumour had been tested for
      ER status. The relationship between the ER in the two specimens was as follows:
      Of 14 concurrent primary and secondary breast carcinomas the ER concentration was
      the same in 11 cases; in 1 case it was significantly higher in the primary
      tumour, in 2 others the reverse was observed. There was no major discordance in
      ER status. In 14 sequential carcinomas (after an average disease free time of 21
      months), 12 pairs had identical ER status. There was major discordance of ER
      status in 2 cases where the secondary tumours contained ER while the primary
      carcinoma did not. The ER concentrations in the primary and the secondary
      carcinomas were comparable in 8 cases, while 3 and 5 cases had significantly
      higher or lower concentrations respectively in the sequential secondary tumour.
      In 20 cases where breast cancer developed in the contralateral breast (after an
      average disease-free interval of 27.7 months), essential concordance of ER status
      was observed in 15 of 20 sequential carcinomas. In 5 patients the first carcinoma
      was ER- and the second ER+; in one additional patient the first carcinoma was ER
      +/- and the second ER-. The ER concentrations differed significantly in 14 of the
      20 bilateral carcinomas. The literature on estrogen receptor variation in breast
      carcinoma was reviewed.

PMID- 4016282
TI  - Cytosol and nuclear estrogen receptors (occupied and unoccupied sites) and
      progesterone receptors in human breast cancer.
AB  - Estrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations in cytosol and nucleus were
      measured in 21 primary breast cancer tumors. Twelve out of the 21 tumor samples
      were cytosol estrogen receptor positive, 8 of which contained only unoccupied
      estrogen binding sites in the cytosol, but 2 of the 9 'estrogen receptor
      negative' samples did contain cytosol binding sites already occupied by
      endogenous hormone. Four other 'estrogen receptor negative' tumors only showed
      nuclear binding sites. Only 3 of the 12 'estrogen receptor positive' tumors also
      contained progesterone receptors. All of these tumors also had estrogen receptor
      in the nucleus. However, three of the 17 'progesterone receptor negative' samples
      had progesterone receptor only in the nucleus. The present data indicate that 3
      possible classes of 'false negative' tumors can be encountered: estrogen
      receptors occupied by endogenous hormone, tumors containing only nuclear estrogen
      receptors, and tumors having only nuclear progesterone receptors. Measurement of
      nuclear estrogen receptor together with the progesterone receptor provides
      further information on whether the estrogen receptor system is not only present
      but also functional, and should be of value in the prediction of hormone
      dependent breast cancer.

PMID- 4016283
TI  - Seasonal variation in breast cancer detection: correlation with tumour
      progesterone receptor status.
AB  - A significant circannual variation of the month in which patients detect the
      first sign or symptom of tumour has been defined in 1413 patients with breast
      cancer. The months of highest detection were in the late spring-early summer, and
      lowest detection was in late autumn-early winter. Analysis of subgroups indicates
      that this cyclic trend was most significant in younger women with small or
      moderate-sized tumours containing steroid hormone receptors, particularly
      progesterone receptors. It seems likely that this variation is related to the
      effect of cyclic hormonal changes on tumour growth, possibly mediated through the
      pineal.

PMID- 4016284
TI  - Weight gain during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
AB  - Weight gain during adjuvant chemotherapy has been reported by several authors.
      Because increased body weight at diagnosis is associated with an increased risk
      of disease recurrence, we have assessed the prevalence of weight gain in a series
      of patients receiving adjuvant treatment, as well as the association of weight
      gain with type of treatment and risk of recurrence. We first assembled an
      inception cohort of 237 patients who had all undergone pretreatment evaluation
      and treatment at one institution, and had already been followed for at least 12
      months. Body weight at the start and completion of treatment was recorded, as was
      type of treatment and status at last followup. Ninety-six percent of patients
      gained weight during treatment and none lost weight (mean increase 4.3 kg).
      Weight gain was strongly associated with treatment, and was least in patients
      receiving single agent chemotherapy, greatest in patients treated with ovarian
      ablation and prednisone, and intermediate in those receiving combination
      chemotherapy. There was no association between weight gain and disease
      recurrence.

PMID- 4016285
TI  - Family history and bilateral primary breast cancer.
AB  - The prevalence of a family history of breast cancer was established in 54 women
      with bilateral primary breast cancer and 208 women with unilateral disease. Women
      with bilateral disease had significantly greater prevalence of family history
      than women with unilateral breast cancer (P less than 0.01). Compared with the
      unilateral cancers, a significantly greater proportion of bilateral cancers had
      first degree affected relatives (P less than 0.05). Moreover the affected
      relatives of probands with bilateral disease showed a significantly higher
      prevalence of bilateral breast cancer compared with the relatives of women with
      unilateral disease (P = 0.04). The findings suggested that bilateral disease was
      a characteristic of familial breast cancer.

PMID- 4016286
TI  - Increased serum corticosterone levels in triorthotolyl phosphate-treated
      chickens.

PMID- 4016288
TI  - Resolution and biological activity of the optical isomers of 3-tert-butylphenyl
      sec-butylcarbamate.

PMID- 4016287
TI  - Inhibition of TCDD-induced lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase activity
      and toxicity by BHA and glutathione.

PMID- 4016289
TI  - Tritium toxicity: age-dependent radiosensitivity of mouse testes.

PMID- 4016290
TI  - Dissipation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), cis-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3
      DCP), and dichloropropenes from soil to atmosphere.

PMID- 4016291
TI  - Organochlorine residues in animals from three Louisiana watersheds in 1978 and
      1979.

PMID- 4016292
TI  - Cytopathological and numerical changes in haemocytes of Periplaneta americana
      after treatment with malathion.

PMID- 4016293
TI  - Modification of aerosol size distribution by complex electric fields.

PMID- 4016294
TI  - Effect of metals and other inorganic ions on soil microbial activity: soil
      dehydrogenase assay as a simple toxicity test.

PMID- 4016295
TI  - Metabolism of aldrin by the freshwater planarian Phagocata gracilis.

PMID- 4016296
TI  - Evidence for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the diet of bottom-feeding
      fish.

PMID- 4016297
TI  - Inorganic chemical composition of trout food pellets and alfalfa used to sustain
      Daphnia magna Straus.

PMID- 4016298
TI  - Toxicity and accumulation of copper and cadmium in the alga Scenedesmus obliquus
      LH.

PMID- 4016299
TI  - Gender disturbance in children. An interim clinical report.

PMID- 4016300
TI  - Sex therapy today.

PMID- 4016301
TI  - [Surgery of strabismus].

PMID- 4016302
TI  - [ETO, nonspecific stimulant as therapy for degenerative diseases of the eye].

PMID- 4016303
TI  - [Hypermetropia and esotropia. Apropos of 600 cases].

PMID- 4016304
TI  - [Importance of the fold in surgery of the upper eyelid].

PMID- 4016305
TI  - [Simplified wide-field endothelioscopy].

PMID- 4016306
TI  - [Technics for identifying morphologic features observed during specular
      microscopy of the cornea].

PMID- 4016307
TI  - [Specular microscopy and anterior chamber implants].

PMID- 4016308
TI  - [Permanent wearing of gas-permeable hard contact lenses. Several clinical
      illustrations].

PMID- 4016309
TI  - [Diagnostic elements in hamartoma of the retina and the pigment epithelium].

PMID- 4016310
TI  - [Continuous internal packing with air in the treatment of certain retinal
      detachments].

PMID- 4016311
TI  - [Cataract after vitrectomy through the pars plana and silicone oil injection].

PMID- 4016312
TI  - [Indications for vitrectomy in ischemic diabetic retinopathy. Apropos of 570
      cas].

PMID- 4016313
TI  - [Results of vitrectomy in diabetic retinopathy. A propos of 570 cases].

PMID- 4016314
TI  - [Vitrectomy to prevent retinal detachment in aphakia. Hyalitis, perforating
      injuries, diabetes, myopia, in the absence of vitreous hemorrhage].

PMID- 4016315
TI  - [Surgical treatment of macular epiretinal membranes].

PMID- 4016316
TI  - [Choroidal detachment after surgery for retinal detachment].

PMID- 4016317
TI  - [Velocimetric analysis of posterior ciliary arteries by the pulsed-Doppler
      method].

PMID- 4016318
TI  - [New considerations on choroidal circulatory dynamics].

PMID- 4016319
TI  - [Treatment of malignant melanoma of the choroid].

PMID- 4016321
TI  - [Ionizing radiation in the treatment of melanomas of the choroid].

PMID- 4016320
TI  - [Conservative treatment of melanomas of the choroid].

PMID- 4016322
TI  - [Unusual aspects of choroidal insufficiency].

PMID- 4016323
TI  - [Uveal leprosy in Iran].

PMID- 4016324
TI  - [Cavernous hemangiomas of the choroid. Clinical and therapeutic review of 13
      cases].

PMID- 4016325
TI  - [Fluorescein angiography of several diseases of the choroid in the dog].

PMID- 4016326
TI  - [Occlusion of the posterior ciliary arteries after surgery for retinal
      detachment].

PMID- 4016327
TI  - [The heavy eye syndrome].

PMID- 4016328
TI  - [Acute sectoral choroid ischemia (triangle syndrome)].

PMID- 4016329
TI  - [Chorioretinal malformations in an unknown oculo-cerebral syndrome].

PMID- 4016330
TI  - [Geographic choroiditis. Prognostic and physiopathologic significance of
      disappearance of the hyperfluorescent border].

PMID- 4016331
TI  - [Acute choriocapillary occlusions of inflammatory origin. Apropos of 5 cases].

PMID- 4016332
TI  - [What does evaluation of uveitis mean in 1984?].

PMID- 4016333
TI  - [Results of early treatment of peripheral facial paralysis using ultrasound].

PMID- 4016334
TI  - [Baby vision: the preferential looking technic in the detection of vision
      abnormalities in the infant].

PMID- 4016335
TI  - [Evolution of early diabetic retinopathy. Clinical and angiographic study].

PMID- 4016336
TI  - [Absolute light threshold in senile cataract in myopic and emmetropic eyes].

PMID- 4016337
TI  - [Atopic cataract].

PMID- 4016338
TI  - [Determination of the iron content of the normal lens and the cataracted lens].

PMID- 4016339
TI  - [The electroretinographic score. Significance and application, especially for
      preoperative prognosis (media problems in particular].

PMID- 4016340
TI  - [State of the crystalline lens in 180 eyes treated by vitrectomy in the pars
      plana].

PMID- 4016341
TI  - [Diagnostic pitfalls of congenital paralysis of the 3d cranial nerve].

PMID- 4016342
TI  - [Our experience with anterior implant with angular support. Results of 350
      cases].

PMID- 4016343
TI  - [Preoperative detumescence of the vitreous].

PMID- 4016345
TI  - [Correction of aphakia with an intraocular implant. Can it be considered a
      routine operation?].

PMID- 4016344
TI  - [Site of implantation as a factor in inflammation of the iris].

PMID- 4016346
TI  - [Association between cataract and glaucoma. Clinical and therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 4016347
TI  - [Licorne eyeglasses. Pre- and postoperative treatment of strabismus].

PMID- 4016348
TI  - [Myopic keratomileusis].

PMID- 4016349
TI  - [Our experience with surgical treatment of idiopathic congenital nystagmus in 130
      surgical cases from 1973 to 1983].

PMID- 4016351
TI  - [Fibrous structure of the human vitreous body].

PMID- 4016352
TI  - [Acupuncture in ophthalmology].

PMID- 4016350
TI  - [Results of 200 trabeculoretractions with 1 year follow-up].

PMID- 4016353
TI  - [Severe syndromes of ocular dryness: their treatment by inserts].

PMID- 4016354
TI  - [Unfavorable prognostic elements in occlusions of the central retinal vein of the
      edematous type].

PMID- 4016355
TI  - [Clinical significance of bitemporal paralysis of the pupillary sphincters].

PMID- 4016356
TI  - [Sector relays----surgery----sectors].

PMID- 4016357
TI  - [Retinoblastoma: clinical and therapeutic study].

PMID- 4016358
TI  - ["Keratocorrection" or corrective surgery of astigmatism].

PMID- 4016359
TI  - [Application of the torticollimeter to strabology].

PMID- 4016360
TI  - [Athermic procedure in the surgical treatment of retinal detachment? Concept of
      minimal retinopexy].

PMID- 4016361
TI  - [Experimental study of the toxicity of adrenaline on the corneal endothelium.
      Application to extracapsular cataract surgery].

PMID- 4016362
TI  - [Postoperative electrophysiologic and sensory correlations in 121 cases of
      convergent strabismus in children].

PMID- 4016363
TI  - [Arterial pedicles of the oculomotor muscles. Anatomic study of 70 orbits].

PMID- 4016364
TI  - [Angiography on dia-contact].

PMID- 4016365
TI  - [Visual evoked potentials induced by pattern reversal with color stimulation in
      multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 4016366
TI  - [Can visual evoked potentials be of prognostic value in the alcoholic?].

PMID- 4016367
TI  - [Experimental choroidal ischemia by vortex embolization in the monkey].

PMID- 4016368
TI  - ["Indirect" corneal trepanation].

PMID- 4016369
TI  - [Cuppers fadenoperation on the superior rectus. Apropos of 80 cases].

PMID- 4016371
TI  - [Application of the loop technic in the surgical treatment of esotropia].

PMID- 4016370
TI  - [Physiologic and semeiologic value of the lobular appearance of the choroid
      angiogram].

PMID- 4016372
TI  - [The operation of myectomy of the inferior oblique].

PMID- 4016373
TI  - [Treatment of pseudoparalysis of the inferior oblique].

PMID- 4016374
TI  - [Surgery on the oculomotor muscles and binocular motor function].

PMID- 4016375
TI  - [Dynamic study of eye movements before and after surgery for strabismus].

PMID- 4016376
TI  - [Papilledema in the primary empty sella syndrome].

PMID- 4016377
TI  - [Use of the Yag pico- and nanosecond laser in ophthalmology].

PMID- 4016378
TI  - [Surgery of strabismus in the adult].

PMID- 4016380
TI  - [Electron-micrographic study of 31 explanted artificial crystalline lenses].

PMID- 4016379
TI  - [Bridging the internal rectus muscle in surgery for strabismus in the child].

PMID- 4016381
TI  - [Surgery for strabismus complicating cranio-facial abnormalities].

PMID- 4016382
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of strabismus using the technic of
      desagittalization of the obliques].

PMID- 4016383
TI  - [28 years of recession of the inferior oblique].

PMID- 4016384
TI  - [Anteroposition or disinsertion of the inferior oblique. Which to choose?].

PMID- 4016385
TI  - [Results of plication of the superior oblique].

PMID- 4016386
TI  - [Results of strabismus surgery using Gobin's technic].

PMID- 4016387
TI  - [Results of the fadenoperation in our cases of convergent strabismus].

PMID- 4016388
TI  - [Value of "loop" surgery using the Weiss-Gobin technic].

PMID- 4016389
TI  - [Treatment of congenital esotropic strabismus by the Gobin loop technic. Apropos
      of 38 cases].

PMID- 4016390
TI  - [X-ray computed tomographic demonstration of the effects of tendon lengthening by
      the Focosi method].

PMID- 4016391
TI  - [Results of treatment of strabismus in the premature infant: preliminary study].

PMID- 4016392
TI  - [The accommodative component after classic surgery for partially accommodative
      strabismus].

PMID- 4016393
TI  - [Binocular vision after surgical correction of accommodative strabismus].

PMID- 4016394
TI  - [Multicenter analysis of the results of surgery for convergent strabismus].

PMID- 4016395
TI  - Surgical drainage.
AB  - The principle factor governing the efficacy of a drain is the tissue reaction to
      the constituent material. This was appreciated during the early development of
      drainage. Modern materials have been available for more than 20 years but have
      escaped sound clinical evaluation. In abdominal surgery there is virtually no
      evidence to support routine intraperitoneal drainage especially with latex rubber
      unless it is intended to create a fibrous tract as with T-tube drainage of the
      biliary tree. When drainage is used either static symphonage (Fig. 7), low
      pressure suction or sump suction with a bacterial air inlet filter should be
      employed. Silicone rubber (Silastic) tubes are the preferred material. In the
      parietes closed suction drainage is safe and has achieved a sound reputation for
      improving healing where serosanguinous oozing is expected. High pressure suction
      is probably the most effective system. Because of the risk of infection, open
      drainage systems should, in general, be avoided, especially where a prosthesis is
      present. Finally, if in doubt, all surgeons should recall the words of Halsteads
      in 1898 "No drainage at all is better than the ignorant employment of it" rather
      than the advice of Lawson Tait.

PMID- 4016396
TI  - Intravenous regional anaesthesia.
AB  - The technique of intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA) has failed to gain
      general acceptance among anaesthetists, who are divided into those who never use
      it, preferring more specific local anaesthetic blocks, and those who would
      recommend it as the technique of choice for some procedures. Numerous large
      series have been published, attesting to its general safety, but intermittent
      accounts of serious side effects and more recent reports of fatalities have
      called the technique into question, so that a reassessment seems timely.

PMID- 4016397
TI  - Induced hypotension.
AB  - The use of induced hypotension in the hands of a competent anaesthetist combined
      with the careful technique of a surgeon skilled in operating under these
      conditions can aid surgical access, improve delineation of pathology, and reduce
      levels of blood loss, all of which are to the advantage of the patient. These
      advantages should encourage surgical and anaesthetic teams to become accomplished
      exponents of the art.

PMID- 4016398
TI  - High frequency ventilation.
AB  - What is high frequency ventilation? Is it useful or just another transatlantic
      fad? Apart from appearing to break all the rules of physiology, this technique
      has definite advantages over conventional ventilation in certain areas and great
      potential in others.

PMID- 4016399
TI  - Treatment and justice.
AB  - Support for the belief that criminal behaviour was amenable to treatment served
      different purposes: for developing psychiatry it offered a module of power to be
      exploited whereas for the State it was a convenient disguise for the infliction
      of pain which was the real intention of punishment. Having served its purpose the
      treatment approach is being abandoned in favour of a philosophy of just deserts
      which is more acceptable in the present political climate.

PMID- 4016400
TI  - Male homosexuality and sexual problems.
AB  - Homosexual men are increasingly seeking help with sexual problems. A few seek to
      change their orientation and there is evidence that, for some people at least,
      this is possible. However the major reason for seeking help is sexual dysfunction
      which is treatable in homosexual men in the same way as in heterosexuals.

PMID- 4016401
TI  - Private practice: financial records.

PMID- 4016403
TI  - Mentally ill doctors.

PMID- 4016402
TI  - Malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4016404
TI  - Diplopia.
AB  - Diplopia may be a presenting symptom of a wide variety of ocular and neurological
      conditions. Careful questioning and examination will reveal the cause in many
      cases and may save the patient much unnecessary and expensive investigation.

PMID- 4016405
TI  - Visual field defects.
AB  - The detection and analysis of visual field defects allows the practitioner to
      examine some functions of the central nervous system at the bedside.
      Cerebrovascular accidents and temporal lobe tumours can be diagnosed easily, as
      can pituitary lesions.

PMID- 4016406
TI  - Whole body computed tomography in cancer management.
AB  - Whole body computed tomography (CT) can provide information which was previously
      impossible or difficult to obtain about the presence and extent of tumours.
      However, the technique is still not generally available and many patients with
      cancer are investigated and sometimes treated in hospitals without CT facilities.
      The purpose of this brief review is to provide a summary of the value of CT in
      oncology, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses, so that clinicians with only
      a general interest in the subject may be aware of the major indications for its
      use in the assessment of malignant disease.

PMID- 4016407
TI  - The phases and stages of labour.
AB  - During recent decades the understanding and practice of obstetric care have
      evolved at a rapid pace. Consequently definitions that have promoted the
      principles of practice have had to be greatly modified or discarded. My thesis is
      that the time has come for the concepts of phases and stages of labour to be
      abandoned on the grounds that they now retard, rather than advance, progress in
      the care of the labouring woman.

PMID- 4016408
TI  - The perinatal database: content and collection.
AB  - Recent advances in computer technology provide improved means for the collection
      of information for the perinatal database. They depend principally upon online
      entry via a computer terminal which allows immediate checking of the data input.
      The availability of such effective procedures for information gathering demands a
      careful review of the purposes, content, and structure of a computerized
      perinatal questionnaire.

PMID- 4016409
TI  - Reye's syndrome.
AB  - Reye's syndrome, an uncommon childhood encephalopathy of uncertain aetiology, is
      an important cause of mortality and permanent handicap. Since its recognition
      treatment has changed, current management focusing upon prevention or control of
      raised intracranial pressure. Prognosis is radically improved by early
      recognition and prompt transfer to a specialist centre.

PMID- 4016410
TI  - Thrombotic vascular disease.
AB  - Thrombovascular disease represents one of the most important causes of morbidity
      and mortality. Although coronary artery disease attracts most attention, other
      types of vascular disease also make a substantial contribution to the overall
      statistics. These include microangiopathy, particularly in relation to diabetes
      mellitus, and deep vein thrombosis and its associated complications of pulmonary
      embolus and postphlebitic syndrome.

PMID- 4016411
TI  - Infection and blood transfusion.

PMID- 4016412
TI  - The psychiatrist in court.
AB  - Psychiatric evidence may be required on a variety of issues in different courts.
      Psychiatrists in court face ethical dilemmas, and psychiatric evidence can be
      misused. Good preparation for cross-examination and a proper understanding of the
      limits of professional expertise are needed.

PMID- 4016413
TI  - Informed consent.

PMID- 4016414
TI  - Private practice: practice accounts.

PMID- 4016415
TI  - Strabismus in childhood.
AB  - Strabismus is a common childhood disorder which is underdiagnosed and
      undertreated. A detectable squint at any age is abnormal and should be
      investigated to exclude significant ophthalmological or systemic disease. Early
      detection and treatment will enable normal and near-normal binocular functions to
      be achieved in many children.

PMID- 4016416
TI  - Reconstruction of the ala of the nose using a composite free flap from the pinna.
AB  - A new method of reconstruction of the nasal ala is described using a composite
      free flap taken from the anterior part of the pinna, based upon the superficial
      temporal vessels. Forty cadaver dissections have been performed to assess
      variations in vascular anatomy and a direct branch of the superficial temporal
      artery was found in 90% of subjects. The flap has been used successfully in two
      cases.

PMID- 4016417
TI  - Surgical approaches to block dissection of the inguinal lymph nodes.
AB  - Block dissection of the inguinal lymph nodes is associated with a high incidence
      of complications, the most frequent of which are related to wound healing. To
      determine the optimal surgical approach, a review of our experience over the last
      10 years was undertaken. Fifty inguinal lymph node dissections are presented. The
      patients were divided into four groups according to the surgical incision used.
      The duration of hospital stay and incidence of complications were compared. We
      conclude that the optimal surgical approach is an elliptical incision removing a
      4 cm width of skin over the inguinal nodes. Incisions that did not sacrifice at
      least a 4 cm width of skin had an inordinately high complication rate and a
      prolonged hospital stay. Approaches to wound closure, the management of bulky
      disease and primary lesions in continuity with the groin, and the use of
      adjunctive measures to reduce morbidity are discussed.

PMID- 4016418
TI  - Levator palati and palatal dimples: their anatomy, relationship and clinical
      significance.
AB  - To achieve the best results in cleft palate repair it is necessary to be aware of
      the normal anatomy. In a series of cadaver dissections, the levator palati muscle
      was found to occupy the intermediate 40% of the length of the soft palate. This
      normal distribution should be the aim at cleft palate repair. Observation of the
      oral surface of the palate during production of the sound "Ah" reveals palatal
      dimpling. This has been observed in many normal and cleft palate subjects. The
      dimpling has been reproduced in cadavers by levator palati traction and been
      found on dissection and serial histological section to correspond to the levator
      insertion.

PMID- 4016419
TI  - Musculus uvulae and levator palati: their anatomical and functional relationship
      in velopharyngeal closure.
AB  - The morphological relationship between the musculus uvulae and levator palati
      muscles and their importance in velopharyngeal closure was studied in cadavers by
      simulation of levator action, palate serial section and dissection, and in
      various subjects by nerve stimulation and blockade. These studies support the
      cardinal importance of the levator muscles in velopharyngeal closure. The
      significance of musculus uvulae activity is less clear. While lesser palatine
      nerve stimulation evoked a response from the musculus uvulae, a nerve block
      produced no detrimental effect on speech or nasendoscopic appearance in normal
      subjects.

PMID- 4016420
TI  - The Pierre Robin syndrome reassessed in the light of recent research.
AB  - For many years clinicians have known the coincidental presentation of
      micrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft palate as the Pierre Robin syndrome. In
      conferences in 1974 and 1975 the term "Anomalad" was introduced which by
      definition is a primary malformation with superimposed secondary structural
      changes and the Pierre Robin syndrome became known as the Robin Anomalad. The
      concept was based on experimental observations available at that time. However,
      since that date further studies have demonstrated that administration of drugs to
      pregnant female rodents can produce coincidental failure of normal development of
      both mandible and palate. In the light of this work a critical review is made of
      the evidence upon which the mechanistic view of the condition evolved and an
      alternative hypothesis developed. From animal experimentation it can be argued
      that the nature of the condition is not mechanical and is more likely to be
      metabolic. Indeed, confirmatory evidence in man has recently been presented from
      Finland. If this is the case it may be erroneous to consider the Robin
      malformations as an "Anomalad" and mandibular maxillary agenesis would probably
      be a more accurate term.

PMID- 4016421
TI  - The use of a vomerine flap for palatal lengthening: the modified Nagpur
      technique.
AB  - Considerable significance is attached to velar length in achieving velopharyngeal
      closure. A technique of palatal lengthening using a vomerine flap is described
      and its relative merits compared with other methods are discussed.

PMID- 4016422
TI  - Healing following full thickness excision of human palatal mucosa.
AB  - Healing was observed for 6 months following excision of full thickness normal
      adult human palatal mucosa (approx 12 mm X 10 mm) to measure the degree of wound
      contraction and determine if rugae would regenerate. Measurements of plaster
      models showed stretching and displacement of soft tissue not involved in the
      original would toward the centre of the wound from 6 weeks postoperatively. The
      distance between the incisive papilla and the most posterior ruga on the side of
      operation reduced by 2.2 mm and the first ruga on the opposite side was stretched
      in length by 0.9 mm. A fragment of superficial bone (approx 10 mm X 7 mm)
      sequestrated at 5 weeks, epithelialisation was complete by 8 weeks but the rugae
      did not reform at all.

PMID- 4016423
TI  - Cryptotia: our classification and treatment.
AB  - Our classification of cryptotia is based on recognition that the deformity is the
      result of an anomaly of the intrinsic transverse and oblique auricular muscles.
      Our treatment, in the first instance, is a non-surgical correction. This should
      be started early, if possible in the first 6 months of the baby's life. Even in
      the case of older children, success can sometimes be achieved and a non-surgical
      correction should be considered first. If non-surgical management fails the
      deformity can be corrected surgically by dividing the muscle fibres that produce
      the anomaly of the external ear through a small incision. Our new surgical
      approach involves moving the available skin in the region of the inferior cephalo
      auricular sulcus to the superior part where skin is needed by a rotation flap.
      This operation has several advantages.

PMID- 4016424
TI  - Shoulder function following the loss of the latissimus dorsi muscle.
AB  - A study of shoulder function was carried out in a group of 19 male patients who
      had their latissimus dorsi muscle removed as a free flap. A control group was
      examined to obtain data for the normal range of movement and power at the
      shoulder. Only a few patients had any subjective impairment of shoulder function;
      13 of our 19 patients had a complete range of movement at the shoulder. There was
      no significant difference in power between the patient group and the control
      group when dominant and non-dominant sides were considered separately (p greater
      than 0.05). Patients who had surgery carried out more recently and patients with
      a scar contracture had a significantly higher disability score. The latter group
      also had a greater deficit in range of movement at the shoulder (p less than
      0.05). Most patients encountered no difficulty whatever with their occupational
      and sporting activities. Our results support the view that the latissimus dorsi
      muscle is totally expendable and that there is no significant functional loss at
      the shoulder, either in casual or in forceful activities.

PMID- 4016425
TI  - Injury to the brachial plexus resulting from shoulder positioning during
      latissimus dorsi flap pedicle dissection.
AB  - A case is described of brachial plexus injury, noted after an ipsilateral
      latissimus dorsi free transfer. The mode of injury is discussed and a simple
      method of prevention is suggested.

PMID- 4016426
TI  - The development of a dynamic model for microvascular research and practice using
      human placenta: a preliminary report.
AB  - Human placenta has been investigated in an attempt to develop a non-animal model
      for microvascular research and practice, with a dynamic artificial circulation.
      Initial work has been encouraging and further development is in progress.

PMID- 4016427
TI  - Raising the radial artery forearm flap: the superficial ulnar artery "trap".
AB  - An anomalous superficial ulnar artery was encountered during the raising of a
      free radial artery forearm flap. A description is given of the anatomy of the
      ulnar artery, its variation and vulnerability during the raising of a forearm
      flap.

PMID- 4016428
TI  - Acute ischaemia of the hand resulting from elevation of a radial forearm flap.
AB  - Acute ischaemia of the hand following the elevation of a radial forearm flap
      despite a satisfactory preoperative Allen's test is reported. Circulation to the
      hand was restored by a vein graft. The importance of ensuring that peripheral
      circulation is adequate after raising such a flap is stressed.

PMID- 4016429
TI  - The use of de-epithelialised cross-finger flaps for dorsal finger defects.
AB  - A de-epithelialised cross-finger flap procedure for repair of dorsal finger
      defects is described. It is safe and simple and is considered to have distinct
      advantages over other available methods of flap repair of the dorsum of the
      finger. These advantages are discussed.

PMID- 4016430
TI  - L-plasty technique in the repair of split ear lobe.
AB  - A new and effective technique for the repair of split ear lobe is presented and
      the mechanism of acquired cleft ear lobe from the wearing of earrings is
      discussed.

PMID- 4016431
TI  - Congenital accessory ectopic eyelid: case report.
AB  - An extremely rare case of congenital accessory ectopic eyelid associated with an
      oblique facial cleft is reported. The clinical features, histological findings
      and morphogenesis are briefly described.

PMID- 4016432
TI  - Malignant melanoma in childhood.
AB  - Only two cases of malignant melanoma in childhood have previously been reported
      in this Journal (Olbourne and Harrison, 1974; Keall et al., 1981). The report
      describing 31 cases in the Manchester area (Pratt et al., 1981) indicates that
      this condition may be more common in this country than previously supposed. A
      case of malignant melanoma arising in a mole in a 23 month male child is
      reported. A review of the literature shows that there are no survival figures for
      cases without metastasis but at present there is no reason to suspect that the
      disease is any less aggressive than in adults. It cannot be stressed too often
      that any mole with rapid growth, ulceration, bleeding with minimal trauma and
      change in colour should be biopsied urgently irrespective of the age of the
      patient.

PMID- 4016433
TI  - British Microsurgical Society meeting. London, 17-18 September 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 4016434
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4016436
TI  - Understanding the Italian Experience.
AB  - The "Italian Experience" in closing down mental hospitals has been highly praised
      by some British observers, who have seen lessons for Britain in the development
      of community care. However, it has been the subject of heated debate in Italy-
      and the policy is now to be reversed by law. Two questions arise: why have the
      claims been exaggerated? And why have they found such ready and uncritical
      acceptance in Britain?

PMID- 4016435
TI  - Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. Cardiff, 10th-12th April,
      1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4016437
TI  - Schizophrenia with good and poor outcome. III: Neurological 'soft' signs,
      cognitive impairment and their clinical significance.
AB  - Fifty-six patients with RDC schizophrenia (42) or schizoaffective disorder (14),
      of two to 20 years' duration, were assessed for neurological 'soft' signs and
      cognitive impairment when in a stable condition--the 'outcome'. Neurological
      dysfunction (46% of 50 examined patients) was associated with a history of
      developmental abnormalities, but was unrelated to outcome, psychiatric symptoms,
      or treatment. Deficits in particular cognitive fields were related to two
      independent factors: overall severity of residual psychiatric disorder (outcome)
      and neurological dysfunction. There was no relationship between the size of the
      lateral brain ventricles on CT scan and either 'soft' signs or cognitive
      impairment. The findings do not provide evidence for an association between the
      presence of organic brain disorder (as indicated by the joint occurrence of
      neurological dysfunction and cognitive impairment) and either poor outcome or
      particular symptoms of schizophrenia.

PMID- 4016438
TI  - Behaviour and skills of severely retarded adults in hospitals and small
      residential homes.
AB  - The behaviour and self-help skills of mobile, severely or profoundly retarded
      adults with behaviour disorders, living in hospitals, were compared with those of
      a matched group in small homes outside hospital. The residents in the homes more
      often engaged in simple constructive activities. Although stereotypies were as
      common in the homes as the hospitals, in the former they were more likely to be
      combined with constructive pursuits. There were no differences between the groups
      in self-help skills. In the homes, the staff: resident ratios were higher and the
      staff had more autonomy in management and responsibility for organising their own
      services. The care practices in the homes were more resident-centred, and social
      contacts between staff and residents were more frequent. However, there was no
      evidence that, for this type of resident, placing a small home in a residential
      street had advantages over other geographical locations.

PMID- 4016439
TI  - The prevalence of chronic psychiatric morbidity: a community sample.
AB  - Several studies have commented upon the false negatives which can result when the
      General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is employed as a community screening device
      for psychological distress. It would appear that some false negatives are the
      result of individual or cultural factors, whilst others result from the phrasing
      of the GHQ questions, which may mislead patients suffering from chronic
      disorders. This paper reports the use of additional questions, designed to detect
      such chronicity.

PMID- 4016440
TI  - Marital adjustment and treatment outcome in agoraphobia.
AB  - Forty agoraphobics had individual exposure treatment over a period of 28 weeks
      and were followed up for two years. Outcome in the 27 married patients was as
      favourable as that in the 13 single patients. However, among the married patients
      greater improvement occurred in those with better initial marital and sexual
      adjustment, although even those with poor initial marital adjustment improved
      significantly during treatment and maintained that improvement during follow-up.
      Good initial work adjustment and social adjustment were also predictive of
      particularly good outcome. Reduction of phobias was accompanied by stable or
      improved marital, sexual, social and work adjustment.

PMID- 4016441
TI  - Subcultural delusions and hallucinations. Comments on the Present State
      Examination in a multi-cultural context.
AB  - The challenges presented by the Present State Examination (PSE) in a multi
      cultural context are explored. The general approach to the use of this
      instrument, difficulties with rating items relevant to cultural or subcultural
      conditions, and particularly the assessment of psychosis are considered, as well
      as the possibility of additions to and modifications of the PSE-CATEGO system.
      Though disagreement exists as to whether the research model which the PSE
      represents is adequate to deal exhaustively with cultural factors, the instrument
      is useful in cross-cultural research and also in stimulating debate and
      crystallizing issues.

PMID- 4016442
TI  - Repetition of self-poisoning and subsequent death in adolescents who take
      overdoses.
AB  - Hospital Activity Analysis data and record linkage were used to investigate
      repetition of self-poisoning, and deaths, among 2,492 people, aged 12 to 20
      years, who took overdoses between 1974 and 1978. Repetition occurred most
      frequently during the first few months after an initial admission; 9.5% of
      patients repeated within the study period (mean follow-up of 2.8 years). Ten of
      the 2,492 subjects died during the study period, and the average annual death
      rate in the cohort was approximately four times higher than the national average
      annual death rate in this age-group as a whole. Six of the deaths were probably
      suicides. Repetition and suicide rates were highest among males aged 16 to 20
      years.

PMID- 4016443
TI  - Language in schizophrenia. The structure of monologues and conversations.
AB  - Experimental research into language in schizophrenia has been guided
      traditionally by two main assumptions: that language disturbance is widespread
      among schizophrenic patients and easy to detect and measure, and that
      schizophrenia is fundamentally a cognitive disorder in which language disturbance
      is part of an inability or failure to regulate one's thoughts. However, recent
      findings have challenged both assumptions. Two experiments are reported here, the
      first based on monologues, the second on conversations, which were subjected to
      reconstruction and discourse analyses. Schizophrenic material is found to be
      harder to follow than normal, and is characterised by poor reference networks and
      inappropriate use of questions. While some of the results are specific to the
      schizophrenic group, others are found also in affective patients, but none is the
      product of formal thought disorder. The central problem lies less in cognition
      than in the social process of taking the role of the other.

PMID- 4016444
TI  - Psychological profile of the spouse of the female agoraphobic patient.
      Personality and symptoms.
AB  - It has been contended that psychological characteristics of the partner of the
      agoraphobic patient are important factors in the development and maintenance of
      the patient's symptoms. To examine this hypothesis, male partners of female
      agoraphobics were compared with those of non-phobic psychiatric patients and of
      normal controls on a total of 48 measures referring to several symptom complexes
      and traits, including defensiveness. The partners of agoraphobics as a group were
      not found to be more defensive or psychologically more disturbed than their
      control counterparts. Additional within-couple analyses across groups showed
      spouses in the control couples to be more comparable to each other than were
      agoraphobics and their partners-a finding which was attributed to the highly
      elevated scores of the agoraphobic patients.

PMID- 4016445
TI  - Pairs of same-sexed siblings discordant for antisocial behaviour.
AB  - Seventy-one pairs of same-sexed biological adolescent siblings, discordant for
      antisocial behaviour and service contact, were compared using matched-pairs
      analyses along several dimensions which included developmental, family,
      psychiatric, educational, cognitive, pro- and antisocial behaviour. The
      antisocial youth had significantly more negative perception and experiences than
      their siblings, who experienced more protective influences. Earlier onset in the
      antisocial youth of activities such as smoking also significantly differentiated
      the pairs. The early temperament index alone correctly classified as proband and
      sibling 95% of the youth, using discriminant analysis procedures. The findings
      are relevant to the aetiology of antisocial behaviour and to possible treatment
      interventions.

PMID- 4016446
TI  - A comparative validation of the Foulds and Bedford hierarchy of psychiatric
      symptomatology.
AB  - This study investigated the validity of the Fould & Bedford hierarchical model of
      psychiatric illness, as compared to hierarchical models based upon prevalence and
      severity of disorder. The DSSI was administered to 52 American psychiatric in
      patients with severe disturbances. The reports of symptoms in this sample
      conformed to the Foulds hierarchy in 90% of cases, while 94% of cases conformed
      to a model based upon prevalence. When a cross-method validation was
      investigated, the Foulds & Bedford classification demonstrated good
      discriminative capacity, while models based upon prevalence and severity failed
      to achieve significance. These results suggest that the Foulds & Bedford model is
      a useful taxonomy of symptomatology in psychiatric illness.

PMID- 4016447
TI  - A mechanism to inhibit input activation and its dysfunction in schizophrenia.
AB  - Schizophrenics appear to be unable to regulate adequately the effects of external
      stimulation, but the cause of this deficit is unclear. Recent evidence suggests
      that input activation can normally be inhibited by an appropriate leading or
      conditioning stimulus; such inhibition has been found to be diminished in
      schizophrenics. Based on this evidence, a feed-forward regulating mechanism that
      serves to stabilise reactivity to environmental events is described; it is
      hypothesised that failure of the mechanism to inhibit adequately surges of
      activity is an underlying cause of schizophrenic symptoms. Some ways to test the
      validity of the mechanism are proposed, and an outline presented of steps to link
      the mechanism's dysfunction to schizophrenia.

PMID- 4016448
TI  - Neuroleptic serum levels measured by radioreceptor assay in patients receiving
      intramuscular depot neuroleptics. Some preliminary findings.
AB  - Twenty-six chronic schizophrenic patients on well established depot neuroleptic
      regimes with stable doses (16 on fluphenazine decanoate, ten on flupenthixol
      decanoate) had serum neuroleptic levels measured by a radioreceptor assay (RRA)
      method. The assay was sufficiently sensitive to measure serum levels in all
      cases, with acceptable levels of inter-assay variation. Blood level measurements
      were repeated on two occasions, at the same time interval from the last
      injection, in 18 patients (11 on fluphenazine decanoate, seven on flupenthixol
      decanoate) and remained reasonably stable in most cases, although others showed a
      wider variation. Despite a wide range of doses (X 32 fluphenazine decanoate, X 21
      flupenthixol decanoate) the serum levels fell in a remarkably narrow range (X 4,
      X 6). There was a significant correlation between dose and blood level for
      flupenthixol decanoate, but not for fluphenazine decanoate.

PMID- 4016449
TI  - Neurotic patients who terminate their own treatment.
AB  - 40 new neurotic patients who lapsed from out-patient treatment were compared with
      40 new neurotic patients who remained in treatment. The lapsed patients more
      often reported marital disharmony and 40% of them no longer felt ill at follow
      up.

PMID- 4016450
TI  - Maggot in the salt, the snake factor and the treatment of atypical psychosis in
      West African women.
AB  - We describe psychotic illness in a Nigerian and a Togoese woman respectively.
      Although the clinical presentation was familiar to the clinical team, neither
      responded to conventional methods of treatment. Detailed ethnic enquiry revealed
      cultural beliefs which had a profound impact on each illness. Swift recovery
      occurred after repatriation. Eisenbruch (1983) has reported a case of 'wind
      illness' in a paper described as a 'study of psychiatric anthropology', which
      stresses the importance of understanding the patient's own view of his illness
      and it causes, in arriving at the correct diagnosis and intervening effectively.
      We describe here two cases of atypical psychosis in West African women, which
      lead us to endorse this view; as in his case, Western medicine proved useless,
      although complete recovery occurred once both had been repatriated.

PMID- 4016451
TI  - British opiate addicts: an 11-year follow-up.
AB  - A cohort of 83 British addicts from one clinic was followed-up after 11 years;
      Home Office records and medical notes were personally searched to trace current
      status. Twenty-nine were still using drugs, 37 were not known to be using drugs,
      and 17 had died. The group still using drugs had become markedly more stable on
      parameters of drug use, criminality, and social stability over the follow-up
      period.

PMID- 4016452
TI  - Late paraphrenia.

PMID- 4016453
TI  - Dexamethasone suppression test.

PMID- 4016454
TI  - Suicide and parasuicide in childhood and early adolescence.

PMID- 4016455
TI  - Overdoses: explanations and attitudes in self-poisoners and significant others.
AB  - Marked differences were found between the reasons chosen to explain overdoses by
      the closest relatives or friends (the 'significant others') of 34 self-poisoners
      and those reasons chosen by the self-poisoners themselves. Whilst 41% of the
      latter claimed suicidal intent, in only one case was the significant other in
      agreement. The significant others were more likely to attribute manipulative
      reasons, commonly viewing the overdoses as directed at themselves, but the two
      groups agreed that the overdoses were often a means of alleviating distress. As
      well as evoking sympathy, the overdoses often caused the significant others to
      feel considerable guilt and anger. Discrepancies in the way self-poisoners and
      significant others interpret overdoses, and the strong feelings that overdoses
      evoke in the latter, should be considered during assessment and treatment of
      overdose patients.

PMID- 4016456
TI  - The risk of child abuse among mothers who attempt suicide.
AB  - The association between parental attempted suicide and child abuse was
      investigated in 114 mothers with children aged five years and under, referred to
      a general hospital following suicide attempts. The risk was greatly increased in
      the attempted suicide mothers, compared with both similar mothers at risk for
      depression and general population control mothers; well-documented risk of child
      abuse was identified in 29.8% of those who attempted suicide. No major
      differences were found between the attempted suicide mothers whose children were
      at risk and those whose children were not at risk. During the general hospital
      assessment of mothers with young children who attempt suicide, careful enquiry
      concerning the relationship with the children is essential.

PMID- 4016457
TI  - Mates of schizophrenic mothers. A study of assortative mating from the American
      Danish high risk project.
AB  - Both mates of schizophrenic mothers and a control group consisting of mates of
      non-schizophrenic mothers were diagnostically examined. The former were more
      frequently psychiatrically deviant than their controls, both with respect to a
      life-time syndrome diagnosis and a personality diagnosis. Mating between a
      schizophrenic mother and a father who suffered from schizophrenia spectrum
      disorder significantly increased the offspring's risk of developing a
      schizophrenia spectrum disorder himself. Assortative mating was negatively
      correlated with age of onset of maternal schizophrenia. It is proposed that
      defective emotional rapport or sub-psychotic features constitute the phenotypic
      traits by which assortative mating operates in schizophrenia.

PMID- 4016458
TI  - Plasma cortisol levels in mania: associated clinical ratings and changes during
      treatment with haloperidol.
AB  - Plasma cortisol levels were elevated in a large proportion of samples from manic
      patients. Although a correlation was found between clinical ratings of the
      severity of mania and the degree of elevation of daytime cortisol levels, some
      patients with low clinical ratings had elevated cortisol levels. During treatment
      with haloperidol, cortisol levels returned to normal earlier that the clinical
      state. The underlying mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 4016459
TI  - Hereditary differentiation of anxiety and affective neuroses.
AB  - One hundred and fifty anxiety neurotic and neurotic depressive twin probands were
      differentiated into three groups by means of discriminant analysis, 50 in each
      group. The groups were named: pure anxiety neurosis, mixed anxiety-depression,
      and pure neurotic depression. Analysis of concordance rates indicated that only
      pure anxiety neurosis seemed to be influenced by hereditary factors.

PMID- 4016460
TI  - Speech pause time as a method for the evaluation of psychomotor retardation in
      depressive illness.
AB  - Psychomotor retardation is important in some depressed patients. We found that
      speech pause time (SPT) during a counting test correlated with the reaction time
      of both depressed patients and controls. It also correlated with global
      psychomotor retardation measured on Widlocher's scale. We demonstrated increased
      SPT in unipolar depressives, and also in retarded depressives as a group when
      compared with controls and with non-retarded depressives. SPT varied diurnally in
      controls, but not in depressed subjects. It did not correlate with biological
      markers of depression (REM sleep latency and the dexamethasone suppression test).
      It did, however, shorten during clinical improvement with antidepressant
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 4016461
TI  - Motor and sighting dominance in schizophrenia and affective disorder. Evidence
      for right-hand grip strength prominence in paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar
      illness.
AB  - Unusually frequent sinistral motor and sighting dominance have sometimes been
      reported in schizophrenics, although the majority of patients are still dextral.
      In this study, assessment of lateral dominance also included a measure of grip
      strength--a potentially more sensitive index of dominance or lateralised
      impairment; schizophrenics, non-schizophrenic patients (affective disorder), and
      normal controls were studied. There were no differences in handedness or sighting
      dominance. Affective patients, particularly bipolar psychotics, had greater right
      handed grip superiority than normals or non-paranoid schizophrenics. Paranoid
      schizophrenics were similar, being significantly greater in right-sided dominance
      than non-paranoids, who tended toward a smaller value than normals. Hand grip
      asymmetry was highly correlated with handedness in normals, but not in patients.
      The possibility is discussed that these results may reflect asymmetrical patterns
      of cerebral impairment or attentional bias.

PMID- 4016462
TI  - The medical and psychological investigation of psychogenic polydipsia: a case
      study.
AB  - The case of a 17 year-old female with psychogenic polydipsia is reported; 13 out
      of 18 members of her maternal family were known to have had polydipsia and
      polyuria, but only two had undergone endocrine investigations--one had diabetes
      insipidus and one also had psychogenic polydipsia. There are probable
      contributions of non-genetic family factors including imitation and
      identification to the development of this patient's condition. Detailed family
      and developmental histories may be of particular assistance in the understanding
      of the psychogenesis of the disorder in some patients.

PMID- 4016463
TI  - A 'pseudo-AIDS' syndrome following from fear of AIDS.

PMID- 4016465
TI  - Circadian rhythms.

PMID- 4016464
TI  - What price psychotherapy.

PMID- 4016466
TI  - The value of routine X-rays in dementia.

PMID- 4016467
TI  - De Clerambault's syndrome--a nosological entity.

PMID- 4016468
TI  - The psychiatric intensive care unit.

PMID- 4016469
TI  - The hive system. A model for a psychiatric service.

PMID- 4016471
TI  - An investigation of hysteria using the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire.
AB  - Seventy-nine patients with a diagnosis of hysteria were compared, on a number of
      variables, with a control group of neurological patients without psychiatric
      morbidity, and with psychiatric patients free from somatic complaints.
      Demographic information was obtained, and rating scales for the assessment of
      personality and mood, were administered, as well as Pilowsky's illness Behaviour
      Questionnaire. The data confirm the high incidence of affective disturbance in
      particular, depression and anxiety in patients with hysteria. There was no link
      between hysteria and early hospitalisation, although associations were found with
      sexual disturbances, a past history of vague or undiagnosed illness, affective
      inhibition, and denial. Relationships between personality and illness behaviour
      reveal links between personality dimensions and the reporting of illness.

PMID- 4016472
TI  - The emotional consequences of ejection, rescue and rehabilitation in Royal Air
      Force aircrew.
AB  - Retrospective questionnaire information was sought from in 175 Royal Air Force
      officers who had survived ejection from an aircraft and 88% replied. A profile of
      risk factors, both objective and subjective, was found in the 40% who
      subsequently experienced prolonged emotional disturbances. Confidential
      counselling of ejection survivors should therefore be routine. Consultation
      between involved medical staff and a Service psychiatrist can increase awareness
      that surviving aircrew may not be as composed and unaffected as they seem, while
      appropriate counselling can reduce prolonged emotional morbidity.

PMID- 4016473
TI  - Clinical judgements of self-dramatisation. A test of the sexist hypothesis.
AB  - It has been claimed that the diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder is
      inherently sexist. To estimate the extent to which psychiatrists are influenced
      by sexist prejudice in their judgements about self-dramatization (the central
      trait in the histrionic cluster), we conducted a study in which male and female
      subjects rated the degree of self-dramatization portrayed in videotaped
      vignettes. The results did not support the sexist hypothesis that dramatic
      behaviour would more often be attributed to a woman than to a man, especially by
      male raters.

PMID- 4016470
TI  - Stable abnormalities in the lateralisation of early cortical somatosensory evoked
      potentials in schizophrenic patients.
AB  - During the investigation of somatosensory evoked cortical potentials arising from
      a complex vibro-tactile stimulus to the forefingers, an abnormal lack of
      lateralisation of response was found in 10 out of 21 schizophrenic patients.
      Eight patients with severe affective illness all had the expected degree of
      lateralisation of cortical potentials, as did 12 out of 15 normals. Three normals
      and 3 schizophrenic patients had a loss of lateralisation of the evoked response
      on stimulation of one hand but a normal lateralisation on stimulation of the
      other. The considerable technical problems of this and related techniques are
      discussed, but it is suggested that further exploration of this technique is
      justified. At this stage, no conclusion can be drawn about the cause of the
      abnormalities.

PMID- 4016474
TI  - Law, psychiatry and women's imprisonment. A sociological view.
AB  - This paper analyses the legal and other social conditions under which the concept
      of 'psychopathic personality disorder' continues to play a strategic part in both
      the repeated imprisonment of female petty offenders and in the justifications put
      forward for the rigidity of the disciplinary regimes in women's prisons.

PMID- 4016475
TI  - Postnatal depression and child development. A three-year follow-up study.
AB  - This study investigates whether three-year-old children whose mothers had been
      depressed after their birth showed more behaviour disturbance than children of
      mothers who were not depressed at that time. Ninety-one of 103 mothers who took
      part in an earlier prospective study of postnatal depression were reinterviewed
      three years later to determine their present mental state, and to assess their
      child's behaviour, using Richman's Behavioural Screening Questionnaire. No
      relationship was found between a prolonged postnatal depression and behaviour
      disturbance in the child, but children whose mothers had brief postnatal
      depressive episodes showed more behaviour disturbance than those whose mothers
      had not been depressed since childbirth.

PMID- 4016476
TI  - Multiaxial classification of male sexual dysfunction.
AB  - Sexual dysfunction in male subjects is a multifaceted illness, not appropriately
      classifiable by any of the current diagnostic systems, in most of which a major
      disadvantage is their poor inter-rater reliability. This results in over-or
      underestimation of minor biological (e.g. hormonal) disturbances, which occur in
      conjunction with the disorder, but are unlikely to be only its pathophysiological
      correlate. These biological factors can be important in some cases, however, as
      they indicate therapeutic strategies (e.g. correction of a minor hormonal
      deficit). The broad acceptance of classificatory systems with multi-axial
      dimensions has prompted the construction of a new system. In accordance with DSM
      lll this consists of seven equivalent axes and sub-axes, supplemented by five sub
      types, from which the diagnostic attribution can be derived.

PMID- 4016477
TI  - Toward a biochemical classification of depressive disorders IX. DST results and
      platelet MAO activity.
AB  - Post-dexamethasone cortisol and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity levels
      were examined in 50 depressed patients. The incidence of non-suppression was
      significantly greater in patients with high platelet MAO activity than in those
      with low activity. Similar results were obtained when males and females were
      analysed separately. The mean 4 p.m. post-dexamethasone cortisol level was
      significantly higher in those patients who had high MAO activity than in their
      low MAO counterparts. Moreover, a statistically significant positive correlation
      was observed between platelet MAO activity and 4 p.m. post-dexamethasone cortisol
      levels.

PMID- 4016478
TI  - The relationship between scores on Ryle's Marital Patterns Test and independent
      ratings of marital quality.
AB  - This study concerns 250 marriages of 40-49 year-old women from a psychiatric
      patient and general population series. Psychiatric patients' marriages involved
      less exchange of affection, were husband-dominated, and were of poor quality. In
      general population marriages, poor quality was related to wife domination.
      Affection given (AG) and affection received (AR) scores were significantly
      associated, being high in good marriages and low in bad ones. Zero or near-zero
      domination was associated with high AG and AR scores and with good quality
      marriages. Husband domination was linked with wives having high (MMPI) dependency
      scores. Terminated marriages, compared with bad but non-terminated marriages, had
      significantly lower AR scores.

PMID- 4016479
TI  - Alcoholics. A twenty year follow-up study.
AB  - A 20 year follow-up on 133 alcoholics was carried out. Tracing methods are
      outlined and the difficulties reviewed. A questionnaire was completed by 40
      subjects concerning drinking outcome, aids to recovery and morbidity. Mortality
      data are outlined and discussed for the 53 subjects who died during the follow-up
      period.

PMID- 4016480
TI  - The outcome of anorexia nervosa in younger subjects.
AB  - Twenty-one children who conformed to DSM-III criteria for anorexia nervosa, and
      who were aged 13 or younger at onset, were followed up after several years (mean
      = eight) using a range of outcome parameters. Comparison of these results with
      previous studies of later onset cases suggests that the age of onset of anorexia
      nervosa carries no prognostic significance.

PMID- 4016481
TI  - Erotomania in Schneider-positive schizophrenia. A case report.
AB  - A case of erotomania (de Clerambault's syndrome) in a female with Schneider
      positive schizophrenia is presented. The factors in her environment which may
      have precipitated the illness are discussed. The secondary nature of the syndrome
      is further illustrated by a discussion of the literature. In erotomania, the
      deluded victim, usually a woman, believes that a man, unattainable because of his
      social status, is in love with her. The nosological purity of the syndrome,
      despite its relative rarity, remains a subject of considerable debate. We present
      a case of erotomania in a female with schneiderian first rank symptoms (FRS) of
      schizophrenia (Schneider, 1959).

PMID- 4016483
TI  - Combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for depression-the compliance
      variable.

PMID- 4016482
TI  - Vampirism--a clinical condition.

PMID- 4016484
TI  - The 'Stuck synapse' as a model for schizophrenia.

PMID- 4016485
TI  - Dysmorphophobia or monosymptomatic hypochondriasis?

PMID- 4016486
TI  - Early clinical experiences with sulpiride.

PMID- 4016487
TI  - The value of synovial biopsy.

PMID- 4016488
TI  - Pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia associated with naproxen.

PMID- 4016489
TI  - Felty's syndrome in an Asian.

PMID- 4016490
TI  - Methods of X-ray assessment in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4016491
TI  - Standardization and reliability of rheumatoid factor tests.

PMID- 4016492
TI  - Sex-typed labelling affects task performance.

PMID- 4016493
TI  - Experimental evaluation of various available contrast agents for use in the upper
      gastrointestinal tract in case of suspected leakage: effects on mediastinum.
AB  - The tissue reaction of seven contrast agents--pure barium sulphate, Micropaque,
      Hytrast, Dionosil, Gastrografin, Amipaque and Hexabrix-was evaluated on the
      mediastinum of rats. This work was undertaken to define the most suitable and
      safe contrast agent for use in the upper gastrointestinal tract in cases where
      leakage outside the gut into the mediastinum, pleura or peritoneal cavity may be
      suspected and aspiration may be an accompanying risk. Keeping in mind the danger
      of aspiration, Hexabrix and Amipaque appear to be the safest contrast media for
      the mediastinum.

PMID- 4016494
TI  - Abdominal lymphoscintigraphy: an effective substitute for lymphography?
AB  - Abdominal lymphoscintigraphy is a quick, easy, cheap and relatively non-invasive
      technique. In our study it appeared to be as accurate as lymphography, giving a
      positive correlation in 25 out of 32 patients (78%). In 11% of cases the
      lymphoscintigram detected an abnormality of lymph node function before
      macroscopic morphological change was seen in the lymphogram, indicating that in
      some instances lymphoscintigraphy is more sensitive than lymphography. The reason
      for this is unknown, although possible mechanisms are discussed and these are the
      subject of current further study. We believe this to be the first report of
      lymphoscintigraphy being more sensitive than lymphography for detecting lymph
      node disease.

PMID- 4016495
TI  - Measurement of lumbar spine bone mineral: a comparison of dual photon
      absorptiometry and computed tomography.
AB  - A comparison of computed tomography (CT) and dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) in
      the measurement of spinal bone mineral was made in 44 subjects of whom 26 had
      vertebral crush fractures. Although CT measures only trabecular bone within the
      vertebral body whilst DPA measures the whole vertebral segment, a good
      correlation was observed (r = 0.80) when these quantities were expressed in
      dimensionally similar units. Trabecular bone in the distal radius measured by CT
      correlated less well with vertebral CT (r = 0.65). Cortical bone in the radius
      correlated poorly with the spinal DPA measurement (r = 0.38).

PMID- 4016496
TI  - A comparison of the economics of xenon 127, xenon 133 and krypton 81m for routine
      ventilation imaging of the lungs.
AB  - We have compared the cost of providing routine lung ventilation scintigraphy
      using 127Xe with other radioactive gases in 100 patients. The physical properties
      of 127Xe permit a logical imaging sequence where a ventilation study is only
      carried out if indicated by perfusion scintigraphy which is performed first. With
      133Xe, all patients must be ventilated prospectively, or a preselection carried
      out based on radiographic appearances at the time of imaging. This results in a
      greater number of ventilation studies than with 127Xe. Despite the greater cost
      per study of 127Xe, the overall cost of providing a routine diagnostic service
      with this gas is no more than that of using 133Xe in selected patients. The cost
      of ventilating all patients prospectively with 133Xe is considerably greater than
      using 127Xe only when indicated by abnormal perfusion images. If ventilation
      imaging is to be available at all times, either isotope of xenon costs very much
      less than 81Krm. We conclude that 127Xe is the radiopharmaceutical of choice for
      routine lung ventilation scintigraphy.

PMID- 4016497
TI  - The retention of metallic radionuclides in experimental abscesses in rats.
AB  - The retention of 67Ga, 203Hg, 175 + 181Hf, 239Pu and 241Am in turpentine-induced
      abscesses and in normal muscle has been studied in rats for periods of up to 126
      days after radionuclide injection (129 days after turpentine). The results show
      that although the uptake of 203Hg is about 7 times greater in the abscess than in
      control muscle, the half time of the nuclide is similar in both tissues, T1/2 = 5
      days. The remaining radionuclides studied all show a similar retention time in
      control muscle, average T1/2 = 12.5 days, and a more prolonged retention in the
      abscess tissue, average T1/2 = 47 days, although in both control and abscess
      tissue the uptake of the radionuclides showed quite large metal-specific
      variations. It is concluded that for radionuclides which are transported on
      transferrin in the blood and which deposit in lysosomes within cells a common
      metal clearance mechanism may operate in normal muscle and a second general
      mechanism may operate in abscess tissue. The radionuclide concentration
      difference between normal and abscess tissue ranged from 8 (67Ga) to 27 (239Pu);
      thus the radiation dose delivered to the inflamed tissue was between about 30 and
      100 times greater than in normal muscle.

PMID- 4016498
TI  - The radiosensitivity of human neuroblastoma cells estimated from regrowth curves
      of multicellular tumour spheroids.
AB  - Multicellular tumour spheroids may provide a suitable in-vitro model for
      micrometastases in vivo. In this paper, the results are reported of experimental
      studies on the radiation response of two lines of spheroids derived from human
      neuroblastoma. Spheroids of approximately 200-250 microM mean diameter were
      exposed to graded doses of X rays (50-350 cGy) and, following a static or
      regression phase, regrew at rates which approximated those of unirradiated
      spheroids. Clonogenic surviving fraction was estimated, at each dose level, by
      extrapolation of the regrowth curve to zero dose. It is proposed that this
      procedure is more suitable for regrowth curves of spheroids than in-vivo tumours,
      because of the absence in vitro of complicating factors which occur only in vivo.
      By this means, survival curves were deduced and were found (for both cell lines)
      to be almost exponential in form, with little indication of capacity for
      accumulation of sublethal damage (multitarget parameters: DQ values: 17 and 25
      cGy; Do values: 104 and 81 cGy respectively). These results contribute to the
      evidence for high radiosensitivity of neuroblastoma cells in vitro and provide a
      rationale for the use of hyperfractionation in the clinical treatment of
      neuroblastoma by radiotherapy.

PMID- 4016499
TI  - Tumour spread through the obturator foramen.

PMID- 4016500
TI  - Familial varices of the colon occurring without evidence of portal hypertension.

PMID- 4016501
TI  - Fine needle mediastinal cyst aspiration--a new therapeutic approach.

PMID- 4016502
TI  - Striated nephrogram in rhabdomyolysis.

PMID- 4016503
TI  - Rupture of a calcified renal cyst following blunt abdominal trauma.

PMID- 4016504
TI  - The tumour bed effect reflected in the radius of tumour cords.

PMID- 4016505
TI  - Method of cannula fixation for operative cholangiography.

PMID- 4016506
TI  - Management of gallstones in a district general hospital.
AB  - This survey reviews 815 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for benign
      biliary disease. There were no deaths following elective operations and the
      overall mortality was 0.7 per cent. One-third of patients had one or more
      complications. The mortality in patients having common bile duct exploration (n =
      160) by one or more methods was 2.5 per cent (4 patients) with 46 per cent of
      these patients having complications. Of 95 patients undergoing duct exploration
      and postoperative T-tube cholangiography, 7 had unexpected residual calculi after
      initial cholecystectomy. Five have had further surgery to clear the duct. All
      patients having duct surgery alone for retained stones (n = 24) had previously
      had cholecystectomy with or without supraduodenal duct exploration. Of all
      patients undergoing choledochoduodenostomy or transduodenal sphincter exploration
      only one has returned with evidence of retained calculi. Patients with
      choledocholithiasis were examined in an attempt to identify a high risk group.
      These were found to be elderly patients, having emergency surgery for sepsis and
      on whom more than one duct procedure was performed (mortality 10 per cent).

PMID- 4016507
TI  - Sump syndrome following choledochoduodenostomy and its endoscopic treatment.
AB  - The clinical features of eight patients with 'sump syndrome' following side-to
      side choledochoduodenostomy are reported. The syndrome is defined and its
      aetiology discussed with special reference to debris in the common bile duct,
      bacterial overgrowth and the clinical picture of acute cholangitis, which does
      not appear to be necessary for the diagnosis to be made. Five patients were
      successfully treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy and a sixth by endoscopic
      removal of food debris from the sump. The other two patients had further surgery.

PMID- 4016508
TI  - Tuberculous pancreatic abscess.

PMID- 4016509
TI  - ERCP diagnosis of multiple hepatic abscesses due to portal pylephlebitis.

PMID- 4016510
TI  - Significance of positive bacterial cultures from aortic aneurysm contents.
AB  - Aneurysm contents were cultured in 275 patients out of a series of 546 cases
      undergoing infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair between 1961 and 1981. The incidence
      of positive cultures was 8 per cent. Cultures were more likely to be positive if
      taken from ruptured (16.7 per cent) and acute (9.1 per cent) aneurysms than from
      elective (4.2 per cent) cases (X2 = 6.69, P less than 0.01). Gram-positive
      organisms predominated with Micrococcus being the commonest isolate. Positive
      cultures were seen at an annual rate of 1-3 cases up to 1976 since which time all
      have been negative and we believe this may be due to prophylactic antibiotics
      being given preoperatively rather than postoperatively. The incidence of
      subsequent graft sepsis was greater in patients with positive aneurysm contents
      cultures (7 out of 22) than in those with negative cultures (6 out of 253) (X2 =
      32.7, P less than 0.001). We recommend the routine culture of aneurysm contents
      to identify patients who are at high risk of developing graft sepsis and suggest
      that those cases with positive cultures receive prolonged organism-specific
      antibiotic therapy. In addition, there is evidence that pre-operative antibiotics
      may eliminate organisms from aneurysms, thus reducing the subsequent risk of
      graft sepsis.

PMID- 4016511
TI  - An aid to the biopsy of impalpable breast lesions.

PMID- 4016512
TI  - Strangulated omental hernia of the falciform ligament.

PMID- 4016513
TI  - Long-term survivors after breast cancer.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of two groups of patients, one surviving 16-20 years and
      the other dying within 10 years after diagnosis and treatment of primary breast
      cancer has been undertaken to determine whether there were particular clinical or
      histological features associated with long-term survival. The striking
      histological difference between the tumours of the two groups of patients was the
      prevalence of tumours of 'special' invasive types (cribriform, tubular, lobular
      and medullary) in the long-term survivors. Micro-invasive and non-invasive
      carcinomas were also more common in the survivors. The tumours of the surviving
      group which were not of a 'special' type more commonly had a better histological
      grade than those tumours of patients dying early from breast cancer. In the
      overall group elastosis was present in significantly more tumours of the
      survivors whereas tumour necrosis, vascular and lymphatic invasion were all
      significantly more common in the short-term survival group. Although there was a
      significantly increased incidence of earlier stage tumours in the long-term
      survivors, the histological distinctions between the two groups were independent
      of the differences in clinical features.

PMID- 4016514
TI  - Vasopressin effects on the small intestine: a possible factor in paralytic ileus?
AB  - Experiments were performed on luminally perfused, isolated, canine, jejunal
      segments in vivo to determine the effects of vasopressin on intestinal motility,
      myoelectrical activity and absorption. Intravenous vasopressin abolished spike
      activity and sometimes disrupted slow wave activity. The jejunum became atonic
      with intraluminal pooling of perfusate. Transit time was prolonged and intestinal
      absorption of water was decreased. Radionuclide imaging of the intestinal
      contents showed a doubling of intraluminal volume with vasopressin and confirmed
      the loss of intestinal motility. It is suggested that the high plasma levels of
      vasopressin which are known to follow laparotomy may be a factor in the
      development of postoperative ileus.

PMID- 4016515
TI  - Serum dependent variability in the adherence of tumour cells to surgical sutures.
AB  - Five commonly used surgical sutures were tested for their abilities to adhere
      tumour cells by an in vitro adherence assay. Adherence was quantified in vitro
      using radiolabelled tumour cells after standard incubation with a set length of
      the differing sutures. Tumour cells consistently adhered least to Prolene. All
      suture materials tested adhered significantly more tumour cells than Prolene (P
      less than 0.002 for chromic and less than 0.0001 for nylon, silk and Vicryl when
      compared with Prolene, with increasing cell numbers adhering to the sutures
      tested in that order). These differences in adherence were dependent upon an as
      yet unidentified macromolecule(s) in serum. All of the suture materials supported
      tumour growth in vivo after pre-incubation with tumour cells. Rapidity of in vivo
      tumour growth, however, correlated well with the in vitro tumour adherence
      characteristics of the different suture materials. The clinical significance of
      these findings is discussed.

PMID- 4016516
TI  - Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir for ulcerative colitis and
      familial adenomatous polyposis: a comparison of three reservoir designs.
AB  - One hundred and four patients were treated by restorative proctocolectomy with
      ileal reservoir for ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis. Three different
      designs of reservoir were used (triple loop 68, double loop 13, quadruple loop
      23). There were no postoperative deaths but six (5.8 per cent) had the reservoir
      removed. Rates for pelvic sepsis were 25, 15 and 13 per cent, and for intestinal
      obstruction requiring laparotomy 14.7,0 and 8.6 per cent. Function was assessed
      in 88 patients (58, 12 and 18) after mean intervals from closure of the ileostomy
      of 23.7, 12.7 and 4.5 months. Frequency of defaecation per 24 h was 3.7 +/- 1.6,
      5.5 +/- 1.6 and 4.1 +/- 1.3, being significantly greater for double loop
      reservoirs; night evacuation was more prevalent in the same group (26, 58 and 22
      per cent). Significantly fewer patients with triple than with double loop
      reservoirs required antidiarrhoeal medication (19 and 58 per cent). Normal
      continence occurred in 67, 75 and 89 per cent of patients in the three groups.
      All patients with double or quadruple loop reservoirs defaecated spontaneously
      while only 41 per cent with triple loop reservoirs did so. Mean intra-operative
      reservoir volumes were 177 +/- 64, 172 +/- 58 and 325 +/- 37 ml and volumes after
      closure of the ileostomy were 416 +/- 176, 197 +/- 69 and 322 +/- 33 ml
      respectively. Double loop reservoirs were significantly smaller than the other
      two designs after ileostomy closure. There was an inverse relationship between
      reservoir volumes and frequency. A quadruple loop reservoir directly connected to
      the anal sphincter preserved spontaneous evacuation and resulted in function
      similar to that obtained with the triple loop reservoir.

PMID- 4016517
TI  - Experience of posterior division of the puborectalis muscle in the management of
      chronic constipation.
AB  - Nine women with severe chronic constipation who were unable to expel a water
      filled rectal balloon underwent posterior division of the puborectalis muscle.
      Pre-operative concentric needle electromyography and measurement of the anorectal
      angle at rest and during straining suggested that the puborectalis muscle failed
      to relax during attempted defaecation in these patients. Two patients reported
      improvement after surgery and had normal balloon expulsion after operation.
      However seven patients reported no benefit from surgery and tests of defaecatory
      function and anorectal angle did not change. Incontinence for solid stool was not
      reported following puborectalis muscle division although five patients reported
      incontinence of flatus, liquid stool and mucus.

PMID- 4016518
TI  - Inguinal herniotomy in children: a five year survey.
AB  - This retrospective review covers our experience over 5 years of 436 hernia
      repairs in 392 children upto the age of 15 years. The number of emergency
      presentations was 71 (18.1 per cent) and 66.2 per cent of these were under the
      age of 12 months. Most cases were initially treated conservatively and only 18
      children required operation on the day of admission. There were 11 recurrences (7
      elective and 4 emergency cases) giving a recurrence rate of 2.5 per cent. In all
      eleven cases the original operation was performed by a junior surgeon. The
      complication rate (excluding recurrences) was 2.8 per cent but may be an
      underestimate because of the limitations of a retrospective study. We suspect our
      results are typical of those to be found in any large British hospital and that
      with careful training and supervision of junior staff in the technique of
      inguinal herniotomy the results could be improved and approach those found in
      specialist paediatric units in America.

PMID- 4016520
TI  - Treatment of rectal prolapse by sphincteric support using silastic rods.
AB  - The use of silastic perianal rings to control rectal prolapse in the elderly has
      been reviewed. Forty-one patients were treated over a 6 year period by a total of
      52 operations. Their mean age was 80 years and there was no operative mortality.
      Prolapse was adequately controlled in 71 per cent of patients, and a further
      three patients had no recurrence despite failure and removal of the ring. The
      results of this procedure are inferior to those obtained by abdominal operations
      for rectal prolapse, but deserve serious consideration in those elderly patients
      who may be unfit for laparotomy.

PMID- 4016519
TI  - Prolonged bandaging is not required following sclerotherapy of varicose veins.
AB  - Following sclerotherapy of varicose veins, 158 limbs of 154 patients were
      randomized to be bandaged with either crepe or Coban for 6 weeks each, or with
      Coban for 3 days only. Objective assessment of vein eradication and subjective
      evaluation of symptoms 3 months after completion of treatment showed no clear
      differences between these regimens. Significantly more discomfort was experienced
      with Coban than crepe when used for 6 weeks. It is suggested that, following
      sclerotherapy, 3 days is an adequate period of bandaging when using Coban. Such a
      policy would considerably reduce the inconvenience to patients during treatment.

PMID- 4016521
TI  - Small bowel tumours causing intussusception in childhood.
AB  - In a series of 292 children with intussusception ten (3.5 per cent) were caused
      by small bowel tumours. The average age of these patients was greater than in
      idiopathic cases; seven of the ten being older than 2 years. Intussusception due
      to Peutz-Jeghers hamartomas was jejunojejunal whereas other small bowel tumours
      causing intussusception were in the terminal ileum. The majority of these
      intussusceptions were either irreducible or gangrenous and all required resection
      of bowel. There was only one death in the entire series of 292 patients, and this
      was a child with lymphosarcoma.

PMID- 4016522
TI  - Postoperative pain and pulmonary complications: comparison of three analgesic
      regimens.
AB  - In a prospective study, patients undergoing cholecystectomy were randomly
      allocated to receive (a) intermittent intramuscular morphine (n = 25), (b)
      continuous intravenous morphine infusion (n = 25) or (c) epidural bupivacaine (n
      = 25) for postoperative pain relief. Morphine by intravenous infusion provided
      comparable pain relief to intermittent intramuscular morphine; there was no
      significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.
      Patients receiving epidural bupivacaine for 12 h had better analgesia than
      patients receiving morphine (P less than 0.001). Arterial oxygen tensions were
      also significantly higher in the epidural group for the first three postoperative
      days (P less than 0.05). Epidural analgesia was associated with a significant
      reduction in the incidence of pulmonary complications (P less than 0.01) and
      chest infection (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 4016523
TI  - Cannibalization of a Gore-tex aortohepatic graft by the duodenum.

PMID- 4016524
TI  - The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 4016525
TI  - Typhoid enteric perforation.

PMID- 4016526
TI  - Frequency of pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 4016527
TI  - Computer-based records.

PMID- 4016528
TI  - The continuing conundrum of testicular torsion.

PMID- 4016529
TI  - Internal hernia following T tube drainage.

PMID- 4016530
TI  - Prospective study of the Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis.
AB  - Fifty patients with medically refractory gastro-oesophageal reflux were treated
      by the insertion of an Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis. All patients had a pre
      operative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, 32 were investigated with 15 h
      overnight oesophageal pH studies combined with oesophageal bile sampling and 20
      underwent oesophageal manometric studies. At pre-operative endoscopy 45 patients
      had evidence of oesophagitis and the 5 who did not had pathological reflux
      demonstrated on overnight pH testing. Postoperatively the main clinical problem
      was dysphagia which appeared to settle with time but left one-third of patients
      with mild dysphagia at the end of 12 months. A further 12 per cent had residual
      moderate to severe dysphagia which required the removal of the prosthesis in five
      patients (10 per cent). In only one patient was the dysphagia due to prosthetic
      migration and this was the first patient in the series. Subsequently, we have had
      no problems with prosthetic migration, disruption, or erosion into the
      oesophagus. The overnight pH studies confirmed the efficacy of the prosthesis in
      preventing reflux which correlated with symptomatic improvement. We conclude
      that, while the Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis is an effective device, it has a
      disturbingly high incidence of postoperative dysphagia though this appears to
      settle with time, leaving around 10 per cent of patients with severe dysphagia
      which will necessitate removal of the prosthesis and one-third with mild
      dysphagia which may settle with the further passage of time.

PMID- 4016531
TI  - The Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis--some reservations.
AB  - A prospective study has been made of the use of the Angelchik prosthesis in the
      treatment of hiatus hernia and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Forty-one patients
      under the care of one surgeon were studied over a 3-year period. The operation is
      simple and safe to perform. Twelve patients suffered transient dysphagia which
      spontaneously resolved within 3 months. Satisfactory results were obtained
      thereafter in 80.9 per cent. Seven of the prostheses have been removed (17.1 per
      cent), all within 18 months of performing the operation. Dysphagia and recurrent
      symptoms were the main reasons for removal and in two of these stricturing was
      present pre-operatively. We feel the presence of an established stricture is a
      contraindication to the use of the device. We have, however, been impressed by
      its use as a second procedure when previous surgery has failed and when
      revisional surgery for recurrent hiatus hernia is difficult due to dense adhesion
      formation. While it is still early to assess the legacy that the use of this
      prosthesis might incur, we would recommend conservatism if not abandonment of its
      use until longer-term evaluation is available.

PMID- 4016532
TI  - Growth rate of abdominal aortic aneurysms as measured by computed tomography.
AB  - The risk of rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm increases with size. It has
      thus been recommended that small aneurysms be continuously followed with some
      type of imaging technique to detect when aneurysm size constitutes an indication
      for surgery. The present study focuses on the growth rate of abdominal aortic
      aneurysms in 35 patients who were subjected to repeated computerized tomographic
      examinations of their abdominal aortic aneurysms. Several aneurysms were measured
      more than twice resulting in 57 different examinations. The mean growth rate of
      the transverse diameter was 0.52 cm/year. The individual growth rates were,
      however, variable. Aneurysms with an initial transverse diameter exceeding 6 cm
      showed a slightly but not significantly faster increase in size compared with
      smaller aneurysms. No correlation between initial size and growth rate could be
      established. Six patients died during the study period, two from myocardial
      infarction, three after elective aneurysm operations and one, refused for
      elective operation, died after rupture. It is concluded that the growth rate
      measured with computed tomography agrees well with previously reported estimates
      obtained with ultrasonography. It is recommended that small aneurysms
      particularly in patients with relative contraindications to surgery be followed
      with repeated examinations of size.

PMID- 4016533
TI  - Cystic adventitial disease of the common femoral artery communicating with the
      hip joint.

PMID- 4016534
TI  - Spontaneous simultaneous internal and external biliary fistulae.

PMID- 4016535
TI  - Artefactual breast disease: a report of three cases.
AB  - Three cases of suspected artefactual conditions of the breast are presented, one
      case each of recurrent bleeding, recurrent infection and atypical eczema.
      Involvement of the breast is rare, but may go undiagnosed in many cases. Patients
      are usually married and in the second half of their reproductive life. An unusual
      pattern of disease appearance and behavior, lack of response to treatment,
      inappropriate affect and a request for mastectomy are helpful in suggesting the
      diagnosis. A disturbance in personal relationships can often be elucidated by
      psychiatric assessment. Treatment is difficult and may be limited to suspecting
      the diagnosis, excluding organic disease and avoiding unnecessary and repetitive
      surgery.

PMID- 4016536
TI  - Complications and hospital stay after surgery for breast cancer: a prospective
      study of 385 patients.
AB  - General complications, wound complications and hospital stay after surgery for
      operable mammary carcinoma were studied prospectively in 385 patients treated by
      either modified radical mastectomy (324 operations) or segmental resection with
      axillary dissection (71 operations). The overall infection rate was 3.6 per cent.
      Postoperative seromas were noted in 34.8 per cent of the wounds. Other
      complications were few. The average hospital stay was 7.2 days. Seventeen per
      cent of the total number of days in hospital for these patients were due to
      factors other than the mammary cancer.

PMID- 4016537
TI  - Carcinoid tumours of the appendix.
AB  - Appendicular carcinoid tumours in 147 patients are presented. Two patients had
      evidence of metastatic spread at the time of presentation. Both patients had
      primary tumours less than 2 cm in diameter. Size remains the most reliable guide
      to the malignant potential of these tumours. If, after simple appendicectomy, a
      carcinoid tumour is found with a post-formalin fixation diameter greater than 1.5
      cm then a subsequent right hemicolectomy should be considered.

PMID- 4016538
TI  - Surgery for acute ulcerative colitis and toxic megacolon during pregnancy.

PMID- 4016539
TI  - The biliary tract in patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis.
AB  - The biliary tract has been prospectively studied in a consecutive series of 769
      patients undergoing surgery for gallstones to determine whether differences exist
      between subjects with and without a history of acute pancreatitis. The incidence
      of acute gallstone pancreatitis (AGP) was 7.7 per cent and men with gallstones
      were significantly more likely to develop pancreatic inflammation. Operations on
      patients with AGP were accompanied by a higher mortality rate which was almost
      entirely due to the severity of the disease at the time of surgery. The earlier
      operations were performed after the onset of pancreatitis the more often stones
      were found in the common bile duct and at the ampulla. Patients with AGP had
      smaller and more numerous gallbladder stones in association with a wider cystic
      duct that controls. The common bile duct diameter in patients with AGP was
      independent of the presence of choledochal calculi implying either previous
      temporary obstruction to the biliary tree or a dilated duct ab initio. Pancreatic
      duct reflux was far more commonly observed on the cholangiograms of patients with
      AGP and in these patients reflux occurred into a wider pancreatic duct, at a
      greater angle and was associated with a longer functioning common channel. No
      patient developed recurrent pancreatitis following biliary surgery. These
      features strongly support the concept of gallstone migration and suggest that
      patients with gallstones who develop acute pancreatitis have essential
      differences in their biliary tree which mechanically facilitate migration of
      calculi.

PMID- 4016540
TI  - Chemical composition of biliary calculi in relation to the pattern of biliary
      disease in Singapore.
AB  - The chemical composition of biliary calculi from 25 Singapore patients operated
      upon over a three month period was determined by a microanalytical technique and
      equilibrium swelling tests. Twelve patients had biliary calculi confined to the
      gallbladder and the main component of six calculi was cholesterol. In the other 6
      patients, the dark brown to black pigment calculi contained bilirubin and calcium
      and a small quantity of cholesterol, but the chief component was an insoluble
      pigment with the swelling characteristics of a bilirubin polymer. These
      cholesterol and pigment calculi have similarities in composition to gallstones of
      Western patients. In 13 patients with cholangitis, the brown, soft pigment
      calculi found in the dilated bile ducts (and also concurrently in the gallbladder
      in 5 patients) had bilirubin as the main component. Fatty acid was frequently
      present. The insoluble pigment component was considerably less but the lower
      swelling ratio suggested more cross linkage compared with black gallbladder
      stones. Differences in chemical composition between pigment gallbladder and bile
      duct calculi support the concept that Western type cholelithiasis and Oriental
      cholangitis occur as separate disease entities in Singapore patients.

PMID- 4016541
TI  - Malignant lymphoma as a complication of ureterosigmoidostomy.

PMID- 4016542
TI  - Radial forearm flap for floor of mouth reconstruction.
AB  - Approaches to reconstructing floor of mouth defects are reviewed including
      methods of bony reconstruction following mandibular resection. The place of the
      free radial forearm flap, incorporating vascularized hemiradius if necessary, is
      described together with the anatomy, operative technique and a review of seven
      cases. It is concluded that this flap is an important addition to current methods
      of reconstructing substantial intraoral soft tissue defects alone or associated
      mandibular defects as well, owing to the high quality of results and to its low
      morbidity.

PMID- 4016543
TI  - Metronidazole and Augmentin in the prevention of sepsis after appendicectomy.
AB  - Two hundred and fifty patients were admitted to a prospective randomized trial to
      compare the efficacy of Augmentin with metronidazole in the prevention of sepsis
      after appendicectomy. Pre-operatively they received either 500 mg metronidazole
      or 1.2g Augmentin intravenously. Those patients with gangrenous or perforated
      appendices received eight additional doses of the trial drug at 8 hourly
      intervals. Overall there were 13 wound infections in the Augmentin group (11 per
      cent) and 21 in the metronidazole group (18 per cent). The 90 per cent confidence
      limits for the overall 7 per cent difference in infection rates were +/- 8.5 per
      cent. There were high rates of wound infection in the gangrenous group (Augmentin
      8 per cent versus metronidazole 19 per cent) and especially in the perforated
      group (Augmentin 33 per cent versus metronidazole 63 per cent). There was no
      statistically significant difference between the infection rates with the two
      antibiotics but our study suggests that Augmentin, which is active against both
      aerobes and anaerobes, may be more effective than metronidazole in reducing wound
      sepsis after appendicectomy.

PMID- 4016544
TI  - Demonstration of a reduction in postoperative body protein breakdown using the
      Clinitron fluidized bed with an ambient temperature of 32 degrees C.
AB  - Patients managed at an elevated ambient temperature after major surgery have a
      less pronounced rise in postoperative urinary nitrogen excretion. To investigate
      the mechanism involved, body protein breakdown was assessed, using a tracer dose
      of labelled amino acid, in patients following aorto-bifemoral bypass surgery
      nursed on either a Clinitron fluidized bed at 32 degrees C or a hospital bed at
      22 degrees C and correlated with urinary total nitrogen excretion. Results showed
      a small reduction in measured body protein breakdown on the second postoperative
      day in patients managed on the Clinitron fluidized bed at 32 degrees C (2.92 +/-
      0.91 versus 3.23 +/- 0.84 g protein kg-1 day-1; mean +/- s.d.), which was
      equivalent to the mean protein sparing (0.29g protein kg-1 day-1) demonstrated by
      the significant improvement in urinary total nitrogen excretion (9.20 +/- 2.0
      versus 12.48 +/- 3.9 g N day-1; mean +/- s.d.: P less than 0.05). Urinary total
      nitrogen excretion (N) and body protein breakdown (B) showed a weak though
      significant positive correlation (B = 1.25 + 13.13N; r = +0.55: P = 0.05),
      whereas no correlation existed between urinary total nitrogen excretion and the
      derived rate of body protein synthesis. There was also a significant decrease in
      postoperative stress, measured during the isotope infusion, in patients managed
      on the Clinitron fluidized bed at 32 degrees C (12.3 +/- 2.2 versus 16.1 +/- 3.2
      per cent activity incorporated into plasma proteins; mean +/- s.d.: P less than
      0.05). These results show the beneficial effect of managing postoperative
      patients on a Clinitron fluidized bed at 32 degrees C in conserving body nitrogen
      through a reduction in body protein breakdown, probably as a consequence of
      decreased postoperative stress.

PMID- 4016545
TI  - Heparin with and without graded compression stockings in the prevention of
      thromboembolic complications of major abdominal surgery: a randomized trial.
AB  - One hundred and seventy-six patients scheduled for elective major abdominal
      surgery were randomized to two prophylactic regimens to prevent postoperative
      thromboembolism. All patients were screened with the 125I-labelled fibrinogen
      uptake test, and thromboembolism was verified by ascending phlebography and/or
      perfusion/ventilation lung scintigraphy. In the group of patients receiving low
      dose heparin treatment (5000 units twice daily subcutaneously) 12 per cent
      developed thromboembolic complications. In the other group, where low-dose
      heparin treatment was supplemented with graded compression stockings only 2 per
      cent developed thromboembolism. It is concluded that the combination of low-dose
      heparin and the use of graded compression stockings is superior to heparin alone
      in preventing thromboembolism following major abdominal surgery.

PMID- 4016546
TI  - Zinc deficiency and the prolonged accumulation of zinc in wounds.
AB  - Zinc is required for protein synthesis and therefore for wound healing. Zinc
      levels were 50 per cent higher in muscle and skin from abdominal wounds of rats
      during the maturation phase of wound healing, but mild deficiency greatly reduced
      this accumulation. The results suggest that zinc takes part in the late stages of
      wound healing when protein is laid down, and that such extra local demands expose
      otherwise marginal zinc deficiency.

PMID- 4016547
TI  - Cholecystokinin (CCK) cholecystography and biliary pain.

PMID- 4016548
TI  - Infection following biliary surgery.

PMID- 4016549
TI  - Signs of retroperitoneal haemorrhage: visible pulsation of the anus.

PMID- 4016551
TI  - [Chromosome polymorphism].

PMID- 4016550
TI  - [The male 46,XY karyotype in a female phenotype].

PMID- 4016552
TI  - [Genetic aspects of febrile convulsions].

PMID- 4016553
TI  - [Chromosome anomalies in spontaneously aborted fetuses and a study of mutagenesis
      in a human population].

PMID- 4016554
TI  - [Cytogenetics of hemoblastoses].

PMID- 4016555
TI  - [Chromosome analysis in cases of perinatal death].

PMID- 4016556
TI  - [Incidence of chromosome anomalies in 123 married couples with reproductive
      loss].

PMID- 4016557
TI  - [Various aspects of prenatal and perinatal reproductive loss].

PMID- 4016558
TI  - [Comparison of therapeutic approaches in subacute thyroiditis].

PMID- 4016559
TI  - [The role of clinical genetics units in the development of a central registry of
      genetic diseases].

PMID- 4016560
TI  - [Complications of peridural anesthesia. Study of 218 peridural anesthesias for
      peripheral vascular surgery].

PMID- 4016561
TI  - [Peridural anesthesia and surgery of the spine].

PMID- 4016562
TI  - [Dorsal anesthesia of the penis. Complementary analgesia for circumcision].

PMID- 4016563
TI  - [Intravenous loco-regional anesthesia in surgery of the upper extremity in the
      child].

PMID- 4016564
TI  - [Cardiotoxicity of recent local anesthetics. Consequences for anesthetic
      technic].

PMID- 4016565
TI  - [Inhalation of gastric contents and cardiac arrest during peridural anesthesia].

PMID- 4016566
TI  - [Is total arthroplasty of the hip justified in cirrhotics?].

PMID- 4016567
TI  - [Fatal accident related to the condition of anesthetic equipment].

PMID- 4016568
TI  - [Prolonged survival after cardiac fissure treated medically].

PMID- 4016569
TI  - [Value of anesthetic consultation in an ENT service].

PMID- 4016570
TI  - [Fatal poisoning with cyproheptadine].

PMID- 4016571
TI  - Studies on the uptake of fatty acids by brush border membranes of the rabbit
      intestine.
AB  - Initial studies revealed that the uptake of palmitic acid and oleic acid into
      brush border membranes was similar when these were isolated from either whole
      small intestine, jejunum, or ileum. The uptake of these fatty acids was somewhat
      lower with membranes obtained from duodenum. Subsequent studies, all with
      membranes obtained from whole intestine, indicated an increase in binding with
      chain length of fatty acid of up to 16 carbons. Unsaturation decreased this
      uptake somewhat. Taurocholate and 1-palmitoyl lysolecithin had a moderate
      stimulatory effect on the binding of oleic acid and palmitic acid at
      concentrations of 10 and 0.5 mM, respectively, and inhibited at higher
      concentrations. Addition of 1.4 mM egg lecithin to the fatty acid - bile salt
      micelles, such that the lecithin - bile salt ratio was 0.2, decreased the uptake
      of fatty acids generally, but did not significantly affect the pattern of binding
      by membrane fractions isolated from different segments nor did it change the
      pattern of labelling when fatty acid chain length and unsaturation were varied.
      At lower concentrations, egg lecithin had little effect on the uptake of oleic
      acid, whereas dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine stimulated binding of both palmitic
      acid and oleic acid over the entire range of concentrations tested. Preincubation
      of the membranes with this saturated phospholipid stimulated the uptake of oleic
      acid, and addition of this choline lipid to the oleic acid - bile salt containing
      micelles did not substantially enhance fatty acid uptake in lipid-treated
      membranes. The binding of fatty acid was very rapid either in the presence or the
      absence of Ca2+, such that even in zero-time controls essentially equilibrium
      bindings were obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016572
TI  - Cone-shaped lipids increase the susceptibility of phospholipids in bilayers to
      the action of phospholipases.
AB  - Addition of cardiolipin or diacylglycerol to dispersions of phosphatidylcholine
      greatly increased hydrolysis by snake venom or pancreatic phospholipase A2, as
      well as by a microbial phospholipase. Monogalactosyl diglyceride which, like
      cardiolipin and diacylglycerol, will form nonbilayer hexagonal II structures also
      caused an increase in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholine. Addition of
      digalactosyl diglyceride, a bilayer lipid from the same source, had a much
      smaller effect on the three phospholipases, indicating that stimulation by the
      nonbilayer lipids was not due to their fatty acid compositions. Stimulation of
      the microbial phospholipase by cardiolipin did not require the presence of
      calcium, leading to the conclusion that the formation of nonbilayer structures
      was not necessary. The results suggest that cone-shaped lipids increase the
      accessibility of lipids in bilayers to phospholipases by decreasing the packing
      of the polar head groups.

PMID- 4016573
TI  - Assignment of lectins specific for D-galactose or N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to two
      groups, based on their circular dichroism.
AB  - The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of thirteen lectins, most being specific for
      D-galactose or N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, were compared. Two groupings are
      proposed on the basis of the CD in the near-ultraviolet region. Group one
      comprises the lectins from Arachis hypogaea, Glycine max, Phaseolus coccineus, P.
      lunatus, P. vulgaris, and Vicia villosa, and group two comprises lectins from
      Caragana arborescens, Cytisus sessilifolius, Dolichos biflorus, Griffonia
      simplicifolia, and Wisteria floribunda. The CD spectra of lectins from Bauhinia
      purpurea and Sophora japonica were different from any of the other lectins. CD
      difference spectra produced by the two sugars were distinctive for each protein,
      suggesting that the combining sites of these lectins are not homologous despite
      similarities in specificity and that the CD spectral similarities arise from
      residues in other, more homologous regions of the proteins.

PMID- 4016574
TI  - Involvement of phospholipids in the modulation of a membrane-bound brain
      fucosyltransferase.
AB  - Microsomal fucosyltransferase isolated from sheep brain is strongly enhanced by
      charged lysophospholipids such as lysophosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidic
      acid, while the corresponding phospholipids are inhibitive.
      Lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) also greatly increases the enzymatic activity
      and leads to its solubilization. Its stimulatory effect is related to the length
      of the fatty acyl chain involved in the lyso-PC structure: fatty acids C18 and
      C20 are less activating than the fatty acids C14-C16. Stimulation is restored
      when C18 fatty acids are unsaturated (e.g., C18:1-C18:3). Enzymatic activity
      enhancement is decreased when phosphatidylcholine structures are reformed by the
      addition of lyso-PC and the corresponding fatty acid. The physical state of these
      structures has no influence. These data provide evidence that bilayer structures
      do not modify enzymatic activity, while micellar structures formed by detergents
      and lysophospholipids lead to a strong increase in fucosyltransferase activity.
      However, lyso-PC does not interact in exactly the same way as Triton X-100.
      Although they both enhance the maximal velocity of fucosyltransferase for its two
      substrates, GDP-fucose and asialofetuin, the effect with lyso-PC is greater, and
      it clearly enables a better affinity for GDP-fucose. Endogenous phospholipids are
      also able to modify enzymatic activity. Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by
      phospholipase A2 leads to an enzymatic stimulation.

PMID- 4016575
TI  - Purification and preliminary characterization of 2-monoacylglycerol
      acyltransferase from rat intestinal villus cells.
AB  - We have purified the monoacylglycerol acyltransferase from rat small intestinal
      mucosa to homogeneity by a combination of hydrophobic absorption, guanidine
      dissociation, and gel filtration. The purified enzyme gives a single band of 37
      000 daltons on sodium dodecyl sulphate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      enzyme has a specific activity of about 5900 nmol/mg per hour and represents
      0.12% of total cell protein, corresponding to about a 600-fold purification. The
      enzyme does not acylate diacylglycerols to triacylglycerols, which is consistent
      with the separate physical existence of the mono- and di-acylglycerol
      acyltransferases. The enzyme acylates the 2-monoacylglycerols to yield an
      essentially racemic mixture of diacylglycerols. It does not acylate glycerol-3
      phosphate.

PMID- 4016576
TI  - Association of fodrin with brain microtubules.
AB  - We have compared the polypeptide composition of microtubules isolated from bovine
      brain by the conventional in vitro reassembly method with those obtained by
      direct isolation of brain microtubules into a stabilizing buffer. The stabilizing
      buffer included 6.7 M glycerol to limit the rate of subunit exchange between
      assembled and unassembled states. The microtubule-associated proteins normally
      found by in vitro reassembly are also found in the stabilized preparation, but in
      smaller proportions. Fodrin, a brain membrane-associated protein believed to be
      homologous to spectrin, was found to be the most abundant component after tubulin
      in the stabilized microtubules. The ratio of tubulin to fodrin, 16:1 by mass, was
      almost constant at each stage of the preparation. Some actin was initially
      present in the stabilized microtubules, but was gradually lost during
      purification. When stabilized microtubules were diluted into cold aqueous buffer,
      they depolymerized and the recovered microtubule protein could then be purified
      by in vitro reassembly. The composition after this treatment resembled that of
      microtubules prepared initially by reassembly in vitro. The missing fodrin was
      found to be removed in the preliminary centrifugation and was unavailable for
      incorporation into growing microtubules during the in vitro assembly step. This
      suggests that the standard in vitro reassembly procedure for purification of
      microtubules may distort the composition of microtubule-associated proteins.

PMID- 4016577
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibilities of Salmonella species isolated at a large animal
      veterinary medical center: a three year study.
AB  - The antibiograms of 408 Salmonella species isolated from large animals were
      collected during a three year study from 1981 through 1983. The predominant
      Salmonella serogroup among these isolates was group B. A consistently high
      percentage of all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. A
      pattern of increasing resistance to chloramphenicol and gentamicin was documented
      for serogroup B isolates while the susceptibility of the isolates to neomycin
      increased. There was a decrease in the incidence of susceptibility to
      sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim among the group E isolates. These changes were not
      as remarkable, nor as alarming, as the overall decreased susceptibility to
      chloramphenicol and gentamicin. An evaluation of the principles concerning use of
      antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine for treatment of Salmonella
      infections is recommended.

PMID- 4016578
TI  - Microorganisms associated with pneumonia in slaughter weight swine.
AB  - The lungs of 334 pigs were obtained from two slaughter plants in Minnesota and
      examined in detail. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, direct fluorescence
      for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and bacterial culture were done on all of them and a
      subsample of 50 were selected for virus culture. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,
      Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus spp. were detected in 24.0%, 34.1% and
      27.0% of the lungs, commonly in conjunction with each other. One isolate of
      Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 was detected and this represents the
      first report of its presence in the United States. No virus was detected in any
      of the lungs. Lungs with both M. hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida had the
      greatest amount of macroscopic pneumonia (9.8% of the lung). Lungs with M.
      hyopneumoniae or P. multocida alone had 4.9% and 5.2% of the lung involved with
      pneumonia respectively. Lungs with Haemophilus sp. Taxon "minor group" had 3.8%
      of the lung involved which was not significantly different from lungs with none
      of these organisms being detected (1.6%). There was a positive correlation
      between the extent of M. hyopneumoniae infection, as scored by FAT and the amount
      of macroscopic pneumonia present (r = 0.46; P less than 0.001). Likewise, there
      was a positive correlation between the estimated concentration of P. multocida
      present, as scored by the relative number of colonies on blood agar and the
      amount of macroscopic pneumonia present (r = 0.60; P less than 0.001).
      Microscopically, the amount of lymphoreticular proliferation, polymorphonuclear
      cells and alveolar macrophages were evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016579
TI  - Clinical and antibody responses to Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin in
      experimental sheep and calves.
AB  - Clostridium perfringens type A live cultures or sonicated sporulating cells, all
      containing enterotoxin, were repeatedly inoculated into sheep and calves by the
      intraduodenal route over periods of 30 to 35 days. Serum antibody to C.
      perfringens enterotoxin, tested by ELISA, developed in four of seven sheep and in
      two of four calves. The titers ranged from 400 to 1600. The live organism
      introduced into the duodenum did not become established in the bacterial flora of
      the intestinal tract.

PMID- 4016580
TI  - Comparison of tissue reactions produced by Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae vaccines
      made with six different adjuvants in swine.
AB  - Tissue damage caused by six different adjuvants incorporated in a Haemophilus
      pleuropneumoniae vaccine was compared in swine. The adjuvants compared were four
      mineral oil compounds, one peanut oil compound and aluminum hydroxide.
      Inoculations were given in the neck, quadriceps and semitendinosus muscles. The
      mineral oil adjuvants were highly irritant and caused extensive areas of
      granulomatous inflammation that were present at eight weeks after injection. The
      aluminum hydroxide produced smaller lesions that also persisted for eight weeks.
      Only the peanut oil adjuvant did not produce significant lesions at the site of
      injection. At two and four weeks, but not at eight weeks postinoculation, lesions
      in the quadriceps and semitendinosus muscles were approximately twice as
      extensive as those in the muscles of the neck.

PMID- 4016581
TI  - Immunoglobulin transfer and weight gains in suckled beef calves force-fed stored
      colostrum.
AB  - Concentrations of immunoglobulins and total proteins in second-day post-partum
      serum samples of 62 beef calves from multiparous dams were measured by zinc
      sulphate turbidity, electrophoresis, radial immunodiffusion and refractometry.
      These results, together with health records and weight gains, were used to
      evaluate the practice of routinely force-feeding 1 L of stored colostrum to
      suckled beef calves immediately after birth. There was no apparent benefit from
      such force-feeding. It did not result in greater 48-hour serum immunoglobulin
      levels, nor did it improve weight gains at 42 days. None of the calves required
      treatment for neonatal disease, but one force-fed calf died from inhalation of
      regurgitated colostrum.

PMID- 4016582
TI  - The effect of cow's dietary copper intake, sire breed, age on her copper status
      and that of her fetus in the first ninety days of gestation.
AB  - The liver copper concentration of the bovine fetus and the hepatic and plasma
      copper concentrations of its dam during the first trimester of pregnancy were
      studied. The effect of the dam's dietary copper intake, age, sire breed and stage
      of pregnancy on her copper status and that of her fetus was also investigated.
      Simmental sired heifers had the lowest plasma copper concentration. The younger
      cows (two, three and four years) had significantly lower liver copper
      concentration than the older cows (six and seven years). The bovine fetal liver
      copper concentration was approximately 3.1 mmol/g DM and was not affected by
      dam's age, breed, stage of pregnancy, or copper status.

PMID- 4016583
TI  - Trace element levels in liver and kidney from cattle, swine and poultry
      slaughtered in Canada.
AB  - Levels of arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury and lead were determined in
      approximately 650 samples of liver and kidney from cattle, swine and poultry
      slaughtered in Canada during 1979-81. In addition zinc levels were determined in
      livers and kidneys from swine, and selenium and zinc levels were determined in
      the livers and kidneys from cattle. Depending on the element several methods of
      atomic absorption spectroscopy were used to analyze samples including flame,
      hydride generation, cold vapour generation and graphite furnace atomization.
      Analyses were also done by plasma emission spectroscopy. Levels of arsenic over
      2.0 micrograms/g were detected in 0.9% of swine livers and 0.3% of swine kidneys.
      Cadmium levels higher than 1.0 micrograms/g were detected in 0.3% of cattle
      livers, 10.8% of cattle kidneys, 1.8% of swine kidneys, 0.4% of poultry livers
      and 0.3% of poultry kidneys. Levels of copper over 150 micrograms/g were detected
      in 0.4% of cattle and swine livers. Levels of lead over 2.0 micrograms/g were
      detected in 1.4% of poultry livers and 1.6% of poultry kidneys. The highest level
      of mercury detected in all species was 0.25 micrograms/g and the highest level of
      selenium was 1.9 micrograms/g. Zinc levels of over 100 micrograms/g were detected
      in 1.7% of cattle livers, 0.2% of cattle kidneys and 5.0% of swine livers.

PMID- 4016584
TI  - Premedication of dogs with acepromazine or pentazocine before euthanasia with
      carbon monoxide.
AB  - Euthanasia of unwanted or sick animals should always be done in a humane manner.
      This study involving two groups of 12 dogs evaluated a two step method of
      euthanasia using first acepromazine or pentazocine then inhalation of carbon
      monoxide. During the experiment, behavioral reactions (anxiety, agitation,
      vocalization and sphincter relaxation) and physiological parameters (electro
      encephalogram, electrocardiogram, arterial blood pressure, respiratory and heart
      rates and serum cortisol) were monitored. The results showed that both drugs
      modified many behavioral reactions and physiological changes associated with
      administration of carbon monoxide. Acepromazine and pentazocine reduced by 25%
      and 20% respectively the number of dogs that showed vocalization and agitation.
      In acepromazine premedicated dogs, the duration of these signs was significantly
      diminished and sphincter relaxation did not occur in more than 50% of cases.
      Furthermore, with the use of acepromazine, no significant peaks or drastic drops
      were noticed in the heart and respiratory rates and in the arterial blood
      pressure. These manifestations are usually related to stress. In light of these
      results, it is recommended to premedicate dogs with acepromazine before
      submitting them to euthanasia by carbon monoxide inhalation.

PMID- 4016585
TI  - Cranioschisis aperta with encephaloschisis in cephalothoracopagus hamster twins.
AB  - The results of gross and histopathological study of a near-term male hamster
      exencephalic lateral cephalothoracopagus are presented. There was minimal
      duplication of the internal organs to the point of division at the abdomen. The
      appendicular skeleton was relatively unaffected by the severe malformations of
      the axial skeleton. The studies suggested that the lateral relationship of the
      skull to the spinal columns was a consequence of the presence of two embryonic
      neural tubes; the chordomesodermal systems of the right and left twins apparently
      contributed the tissues for the right and left cephalic neural folds,
      respectively. Anomalies of the vertebral bodies and neural arches were not
      related to failure of closure of the neural tube as there was no evidence for
      rachischisis in either body half. Rather, the anomalous axial skeletal elements
      were apparently the result of competing fields of development by two
      chordomesodermal systems. The twins were recovered from a dam maintained on a
      diet consisting of 80% cassava, a cyanide-containing staple consumed by humans in
      tropical countries. Because the numbers of resorbed implantation sites and
      malformed litermates were low and the failure to produce conjoined twins in other
      litters recovered from dams given cassava diets, it appears unlikely that the
      malformation was related to the composition of the diet.

PMID- 4016586
TI  - Social stress and resistance of chicken and swine to Staphylococcus aureus
      challenge infections.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of social stress on the
      susceptibility of chickens and swine to Staphylococcus aureus infection. Chickens
      were housed under four levels of social stress. Weaned pigs remained with their
      litter or were housed separately. One day after some birds were placed in the
      high stressed environments all were challenged intravenously with S. aureus.
      Susceptibility was characterized by joint infection in swine and reduced weight
      gain in chickens. Chickens which were moved into the high stressed environments
      before challenge lost weight while the controls gained weight (P less than
      0.001). During the three days postchallenge the most severely stressed chickens
      lost less than half as much body weight as did the least stressed (P less than
      0.001). During the post-challenge period chickens selected for high
      corticosterone response in a high social stress gained weight while chickens
      selected for a low corticosterone response in a low stress environment lost
      weight (P less than 0.0001). Swine housed under a reduced level of stress
      (social) were more susceptible to S. aureus than those kept under higher levels
      of stress (P = 0.0001).

PMID- 4016587
TI  - Effects of aerosolized histamine and carbachol in the conscious horse.
AB  - Pulmonary function tests were performed in seven conscious, standing horses.
      Changes in pulmonary mechanics and ventilation volumes were measured after
      inhalation challenge with saline (baseline), histamine (1% w/v solution for 5
      min) and carbachol (0.5% w/v solution for 3 min). Comparisons between baseline
      and posthistamine values revealed a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in
      nonelastic work of breathing (Wb), maximum change in transpulmonary pressure (max
      delta Ppl), and pulmonary resistance (RL), while dynamic compliance (Cdyn)
      decreased (P less than 0.05). Tripelennamine completely abolished these histamine
      induced changes suggesting the involvement of H1 receptors. A nonsignificant
      increase occurred in functional residual capacity. However, the amount of
      nitrogen retained in the lung at the end of a nitrogen washout test was
      significantly (P less than 0.05) greater after histamine when compared to
      baseline values. The effect of carbachol was qualitatively similar to that of
      histamine, Wb and max delta Ppl increased while Cdyn decreased (P less than
      0.05). The increase in lower RL reached statistical significance (P less than
      0.05) only at the beginning of expiration (/ 25% VT). The present investigation
      demonstrates that the physiological measurements of lung function could be
      carried out in conscious, unsedated horses and that the pulmonary function test
      methods could be used as a tool for study of drug induced changes in pulmonary
      mechanics.

PMID- 4016588
TI  - Pasteurella multocida infection in the domestic rabbit: immunization with a
      streptomycin-dependent mutant.
AB  - Fourteen Pasteurella multocida-free rabbits were inoculated intranasally with a
      streptomycin-dependent mutant of P. multocida serotype 12:A. Vaccinations with
      approximately 10(8) colony forming units were done on days 0, 14 and 28. Two
      weeks later the animals were separated into groups, which included 12 rabbits
      divided into two control groups of six unvaccinated Pasteurella-free animals.
      Seven vaccinated rabbits were challenged intranasally with the homologous
      virulent parent strain and the other seven vaccinates were challenged with a
      virulent strain of serotype 3:A. Rabbits were necropsied two weeks later. The
      vaccinated group challenged with the parent strain showed a more rapid nasal
      clearance of the organism than the vaccinated group challenged with the
      heterologous strain. However, the number of positive cultures of P. multocida
      recovered from tissues post-challenge were similar in vaccinated and control
      animals. In a significant number of animals, vaccination with serotype 12:A
      induced detectable antibody production to somatic antigens of both 12:A and
      heterologous strain 3:A.

PMID- 4016589
TI  - Natural and experimental respiratory infections of calves.

PMID- 4016590
TI  - Longitudinal evoked potential studies in hereditary ataxias.
AB  - We studied multimodal evoked potentials (EPs) longitudinally in a series of
      children with Friedreich's ataxia and ataxia telangiectasia to determine both
      their diagnostic utility and their correlation with clinical regression. The
      auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were abnormal only in the children with
      Friedreich's ataxia. The abnormality seen in these patients was a rostral-caudal
      loss of the ABR waves. The visual EPs (VEPs) were abnormal in many of the
      patients; those with ataxia telangiectasia had unusually low amplitude or absent
      VEPs, occasionally with increased latencies, whereas those with Friedreich's
      ataxia had normal amplitude VEPs, often at increased latencies. The somatosensory
      EPs were usually of increased latency or absent in these patients. Unlike the ABR
      and VEPs, they did not serve to differentiate the groups. Changes in the EPs
      appeared to reflect clinical deterioration; patients with little change in their
      EPs over several years were regressing very slowly, whereas others had rapid
      deterioration in both EPs and clinical status. We suggest that the EPs are
      diagnostically of value in degenerative ataxias and may be of value in monitoring
      these patients and their response to therapy.

PMID- 4016591
TI  - [Does the brain influence the muscular development of the human fetus? Evidence
      in 21 cases].
AB  - The importance of suprasegmental cerebral influence on developing human fetal
      muscle is less well understood than the control of histochemical differentiation
      of muscle by the motor neuron. Muscle biopsies of 21 hypotonic infants and
      children with nonprogressive congenital lesions of the cerebellum and/or
      brainstem were studied by histochemical methods. Two neonates who died with
      severely dysplastic brains and no descending motor tracts had normal muscle. The
      others, particularly those with cerebellar hypoplasia, had delayed muscle
      maturation, selective predominance of type I or II muscle fibres or disproportion
      in fibre sizes. It is concluded that the motor unit is capable of developing
      normally without suprasegmental influence, but that an abnormal balance of
      descending impulses may alter histochemical differentiation of fetal muscle. The
      small 'subcorticospinal' pathways arising in the brainstem probably are more
      influential than the larger corticospinal tract because of later myelination in
      the latter. The muscle biopsy thus serves to provide evidence of suprasegmental
      disease in infantile hypotonia.

PMID- 4016592
TI  - Pitfalls of incomplete myelography with thoracic spinal lesions.
AB  - This paper describes four patients with thoracic spinal lesions in whom the
      initial clinical presentation was highlighted by complaints in the lower back and
      lower extremities, in the absence of thoracic spinal or radicular symptoms.
      Initial myelography, confined to the lumbar region, failed to reveal a cause for
      the patients' symptoms. Subsequently, diagnostic consideration of a thoracic
      spinal lesion prompted repeat myelography of the thoracic region which
      demonstrated a relevant lesion in each case. It is important to visualize the
      thoracic cord when myelography is performed for the investigation of pain or
      neurological symptoms in the lower back or lower extremities.

PMID- 4016593
TI  - Pupillary abnormalities in congenital neurosyphilis.
AB  - Pupils in congenital neurosyphilis differ from the classic Argyll-Robertson pupil
      in acquired cases, and often tend to be large and unreactive. Constriction to
      pilocarpine in the reported patient would suggest that peripheral parasympathetic
      damage is responsible for such pupillary findings. Congenital neurosyphilis
      should be included among the causes of "tonic" pupil.

PMID- 4016594
TI  - The association of extracranial and intracranial vascular malformations in
      children.
AB  - This review is an attempt to relate the types of angiomas and other cutaneous
      vascular lesions appearing in the face with abnormalities in the formation of
      cerebral vessels including arteries at their origin, veins and venous sinuses,
      and with other less constant alterations that affect other organs, particularly
      the heart and cerebellum. After angiographic study of a series of patients
      exhibiting diverse types of vascular nevi (capillary and cavernous hemangiomas,
      nevus flammeus, and lymphangiomas), a correlation was established for each type
      of dermal nevus with a corresponding group of intracranial vascular anomalies. An
      explanation of these malformations based on the embryological development of the
      principal cerebral vessels during the 7th and 8th weeks of gestation is offered.
      Involvement of the facial and scalp dermatome innervated by the first sensory
      trigeminal branch correlates most consistently with the presence of abnormal
      cerebral vessels. The capillary hemangioma occurs preferentially in girls and
      frequently is associated with developmental anomalies of major cerebral arteries
      characterised by the absence of some adult vessels and the persistence of others
      that should have disappeared during embryogenesis such as the fetal trigeminal
      artery. The complete angiographic exploration of the cerebral vessels from their
      origin in the aortic arch to the phase of intracranial venous evacuation may
      reveal unexpected important findings, and is recommended for children with major
      facial vascular nevi, even if they are neurologically asymptomatic.

PMID- 4016595
TI  - The effects of local cooling on canine spinal cord blood flow.
AB  - The internal spinal cord blood flow was measured in dogs at the site of local
      cooling using hydrogen polarography. Blood flow decreased to 50% of the
      normothermic values during cooling of the cord to a central temperature of 16
      degrees Celsius. Upon cessation of cooling internal blood flow rapidly returned
      to normal values. Implications of this finding for the treatment of spinal cord
      injury are discussed.

PMID- 4016596
TI  - Binswanger's disease: progressive subcortical encephalopathy or multi-infarct
      dementia?
AB  - Since Binswanger's description of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy in
      1894, numerous cases have been reported. Several authors doubt the validity of
      this malady, although the majority consider it to be a disease entity. We report
      seven cases with this type of pallor of myelin, only two of which are accompanied
      by a history of dementia. Among the seven cases, two had arteriosclerosis of
      penetrating arteries and arterioles in cerebral white matter. Electron microscopy
      showed splitting of myelin sheaths, probably the result of edema. In reviewing
      the blood supply of the cerebral white matter, we conclude that no pathological
      alterations of medullary branches of the cerebral arteries, the same vessels
      supplying the white matter, can give rise to such diffuse pallor of white matter
      and spare the arcuate fibres. This pallor can only be due to cerebral edema, most
      likely of hypoxic-ischemic, hypotensive, or acidotic origin. We also contend that
      arteriosclerosis can only cause dementia through multiple infarcts or lacunae, if
      it indeed leads to dementia.

PMID- 4016597
TI  - Efficacy of phenobarbital in neonatal seizures.
AB  - A retrospective study of neonatal seizures in a tertiary care neonatal intensive
      care unit determined a 3.2% incidence, and confirmed the relatively poor efficacy
      of the traditional anticonvulsants phenobarbital and phenytoin. Only 33%
      responded to an initial adequate loading dose of phenobarbital, while 56%
      responded to either or both anticonvulsants. Although multifocal clonic seizures
      were most common (42%), tonic seizures were next in frequency (30%). Tonic
      seizures which did not respond to phenobarbital responded quite poorly to the
      addition of phenytoin compared to other seizures types. Tonic seizures may be the
      result of brainstem release phenomena and require a different strategy for
      management. Among nonresponders in this study, there was a 56% mortality rate but
      only 33% of responders died. There is a critical need for studies to find more
      efficacious agents than phenobarbital and phenytoin to treat seizures in the
      newborn.

PMID- 4016598
TI  - Occult breast cancer and changing patterns of surgical practice.

PMID- 4016599
TI  - Morbidity audit, Canadian Society for Vascular Surgery.

PMID- 4016600
TI  - Occult breast cancer.

PMID- 4016601
TI  - Mediastinal packing for refractory bleeding after open-heart surgery.

PMID- 4016602
TI  - Choledochoduodenal fistula and gallstone ileus in the absence of the gallbladder.

PMID- 4016603
TI  - Ethics in research on surgical techniques: a conversation.

PMID- 4016604
TI  - Cancer of the colon and rectum: 30-year follow-up study.
AB  - This study reviews the course of all patients registered at the Saskatoon Cancer
      Clinic between 1949 and 1951, with histologically proven cancer of the colon or
      rectum. The data were abstracted, coded and analysed by life-table methods.
      Follow-up was complete to death or to 1982. There were 403 patients (58.3% were
      men). Cancer of the rectum accounted for 51% of the total, the sigmoid colon 22%
      and the cecum 10%. The primary tumour was resected by abdominoperineal resection,
      hemicolectomy or segmental colectomy in 63% of the patients; colostomy alone was
      performed in 21%. The overall survival was 31% at 5 years, 24% at 10 years, 15%
      at 20 years and 7% at 30 years from diagnosis. Many of the deaths in this
      relatively elderly group of patients were due to causes other than the cancer.
      Considering cancer-related causes of death only in patients with resectable
      lesions, the cumulative probability of survival at 5, 10, 20 and 30 years was 63%
      +/- 4%, 54% +/- 4%, 48% +/- 4% and 47% +/- 6%, respectively (probability +/- 1
      standard error), for those without lymphadenopathy, and 14% +/- 3%, 12% +/- 2%,
      10% +/- 2% and 9% +/- 3%, respectively, for those with involved nodes. Death from
      the cancer was rare after 10 years while deaths from competing causes continued
      to occur, at a near constant rate, for 30 years. The data suggest that the cancer
      was eradicated in one third of all patients, and in one half of patients in
      subgroups with no lymphadenopathy or with shallow primary lesions.

PMID- 4016605
TI  - Changing patterns in the management of locally advanced breast cancer: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - Over the 8 years from 1976 to 1983, 28 patients with stage IIIB (T4a,b,c, NX-2,
      M0) and inflammatory breast cancers without evidence of disseminated disease at
      the time of diagnosis were treated at Ellis Fischel State Cancer Center in
      Columbia, Mo. This group comprised 4% of all cases of primary breast cancer seen
      during that period. Radiotherapy was the primary treatment in one half of the
      group during the first 4 years of the study (group A). Since 1981, locally
      advanced breast cancer has been treated by multidrug chemotherapy followed
      primarily by mastectomy (group B). The rate of local control was the same for
      both groups (78%). However, the median survival for group A was 11 months, only
      one patient being alive 5 years after diagnosis, whereas in group B, 12 of 14
      patients were alive and clinically free of disease 9 to 31 months after diagnosis
      with a median follow-up of 16.5 months. This preliminary report confirms recent
      findings, supporting the use of polychemotherapy followed by mastectomy in the
      management of patients with locally advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 4016606
TI  - Intraoperative localization of occult breast tumours.
AB  - Mammographic examination of the clinically normal breast can identify some breast
      masses before they become palpable. In order to remove them successfully, a
      surgeon requires the help of some localization procedure. The only method
      recommended to date has been preoperative needle localization under radiologic
      control by a radiologist. A technique of intraoperative needle localization by
      the surgeon without radiologic control has been developed at St. Michael's
      Hospital, Toronto. The method saves time, avoids complications and is very
      accurate. Because of the possibility that the mass is malignant, the excisional
      biopsy is performed as a definitive lumpectomy. Of 112 consecutive occult tumours
      so localized, only 3 required removal at a second operation. Twenty-six (23%) of
      the lesions proved to be cancer (16% invasive, 7% noninvasive).

PMID- 4016607
TI  - Transforming skeletal muscle for myocardial assist: a feasibility study.
AB  - Canine experiments were undertaken to determine the feasibility of transforming
      skeletal muscle for myocardial assistance. Initially, a rectus-muscle pedicle
      flap was used to power a ventricular assist conduit. A specially designed "pulse
      train" stimulator produced skeletal muscle contractions capable of augmenting
      myocardial function. Statistically significant increases in either systolic or
      diastolic pressures were achieved by appropriate synchronization and signal
      delays of the stimulator. Then, the left rectus muscle was conditioned by
      stimulating it at low frequencies (2 to 10 Hz) for 6 to 12 weeks. The degree of
      transformation from type II (fast) to type I (slow) fibres was examined and the
      resultant tolerance to fatigue studied. Preliminary data show that a greater
      proportion of type I fibres is associated with increased resistance to fatigue.
      Such transformed skeletal muscle should therefore be more suited to power the
      cardiac assist devices.

PMID- 4016608
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiography for diagnosing acute ascending aortic
      dissection.
AB  - The diagnosis of type A aortic dissection (involving the ascending aorta) can be
      made with two-dimensional echocardiography, but surgeons usually demand
      angiographic confirmation. Between January 1983 and February 1984, 10 patients
      presented at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto with type A aortic dissection. Six
      patients underwent two-dimensional echocardiography early in their evaluation. A
      positive diagnosis was made in four, based upon visualization of an intimal flap
      or a false lumen. In the other two patients, the findings of an enlarged
      ascending aorta and pericardial effusion were suggestive but not diagnostic.
      Three patients survived operation and are alive and well (follow-up ranging from
      3 to 5 months). One patient died while awaiting surgery, one died during
      aortography and one died during operation. All echocardiographic and angiographic
      findings were confirmed at surgery or at autopsy. It is concluded that two
      dimensional echocardiography can diagnose ascending aortic dissection quickly,
      accurately, easily and without risk to the patient. In selected cases the
      presence of a false lumen or of an intimal flap makes it possible to proceed with
      operation without delay or the potential hazards of aortography.

PMID- 4016609
TI  - Organization of the department of surgery to facilitate undergraduate education.
AB  - The chairman of the department of surgery is responsible for undergraduate
      education and should develop an organizational structure involving a director of
      undergraduate education for the every-day running of the undergraduate program
      and the determination of policies. This person should hold a relatively senior
      position and should have undergone specialist postgraduate training in
      educational methods and theory. The director should be supported by appropriate
      secretarial services and be compensated for this; the director should also sit on
      the faculty medical curriculum committee to close the circle of policy made at
      this committee with departmental policy. The departmental undergraduate education
      committee should include representatives from all hospitals involved in
      undergraduate education with representatives from the various systems. Some
      doubling up of representatives can occur. There should be a review process of
      both teaching methods and faculty teaching. The former will encourage change
      where appropriate and the latter award individuals for their contribution to the
      teaching process.

PMID- 4016610
TI  - Evaluation of surgical faculty and surgical undergraduate teaching.
AB  - Surgical teachers are interested in being evaluated. In a survey of 89 such
      teachers at the University of Manitoba, most (79%) preferred having their
      undergraduate teaching evaluated by their students to other methods of
      evaluation. Eighty-seven percent of North American departments of surgery had a
      mechanism for assessing the quality of undergraduate teaching; 97% used student
      feedback. In order for the evaluation to be effective in improving undergraduate
      teaching, there must be serious faculty commitment, the teachers must know the
      criteria for evaluation, and feedback to the teachers should be early and
      preferably coupled with teacher self-assessment. This paper lists criteria for
      the evaluation of surgical undergraduate teachers and outlines the evaluation
      instrument currently used in the Department of Surgery at the University of
      Manitoba.

PMID- 4016611
TI  - The role of the department of surgery in undergraduate education. Development of
      the undergraduate teacher.
AB  - Three components are necessary for effective undergraduate teaching in a
      department of surgery: (a) departmental organization and membership priority
      focused on teaching; (b) a clear understanding and appropriate utilization of all
      teaching methods, for example, lectures, large seminars or demonstrations, small
      seminars and bedside teaching; (c) the acquisition and maintenance of teaching
      and evaluation skills by all department members. The author discusses the
      advantages and disadvantages of the four principal teaching methods and the means
      of acquiring teaching and evaluation skills that includes the use of professional
      educators.

PMID- 4016612
TI  - Fatal, overwhelming sepsis after splenectomy in the community hospital.
AB  - Charts of all patients who underwent splenectomy between 1965 and 1981 at the
      Orillia Soldiers' Memorial Hospital were reviewed. At the end of 1983, the
      patient, relatives or family physician were contacted for follow-up. Eighty
      spleens were removed, 36 for medical reasons, 30 for trauma and 14 because of
      iatrogenic injury. Of the patients followed up, 51 were alive and 13 had died.
      Three died in the postoperative period and seven died of unrelated causes. Three
      patients died of overwhelming sepsis, 1, 3 and 7 years after splenectomy. If the
      three postoperative deaths are excluded and it is assumed none of the 16 untraced
      patients died of overwhelming sepsis, the incidence of death from this cause was
      3.9%.

PMID- 4016613
TI  - Management of pancreatic trauma.
AB  - Between 1974 and 1984, 25 patients with pancreatic trauma were seen at three
      Regina hospitals. Eighteen had blunt injuries and 7 penetrating injuries. The
      mean injury severity score was 37 and the mean age 24.5 years. Management was
      nonoperative in six patients. Of the 19 treated surgically, 14 underwent
      laparotomy and drainage, 2 laparotomy without drainage and 3 pancreatic
      resection. Complications related to pancreatic injury occurred in 11 patients.
      One patient died. The results of this series suggest that the majority of
      patients with pancreatic injuries can be treated by laparotomy and drainage with
      a low mortality, but the complication rate is high. In select patients,
      visualization of the pancreatic duct may allow the surgeon to perform definitive
      surgical management at the initial procedure.

PMID- 4016614
TI  - Etiology of choledochal cysts: two instructive cases.
AB  - The etiology of choledochal cysts is controversial. The authors report two cases
      which show that type 1 cysts (axial dilatation of the common bile duct and common
      hepatic duct) may be caused by a biliary web and that some choledochoceles (type
      3 cyst) may actually be duodenal duplications (i.e., having an outer wall of
      smooth muscle lined with gastrointestinal mucosa and being adherent to the gut).

PMID- 4016615
TI  - Numeracy--what is it, and who needs it?

PMID- 4016616
TI  - Medical profession sending smoky signal?

PMID- 4016617
TI  - Acid neutralization capacity of Canadian antacid formulations.

PMID- 4016618
TI  - Got it all.

PMID- 4016619
TI  - Is there a future for homeopathy?

PMID- 4016620
TI  - Diuretic-induced hypokalemia in hypertension.

PMID- 4016621
TI  - The fate of "outstanding postdischarge data".

PMID- 4016622
TI  - Management of human bite injuries of the hand.
AB  - On the basis of experience at the Ottawa Civic Hospital over the past 10 years, a
      classification of and protocol for the management of human bite injuries of the
      hand are presented. Early exploration of such wounds under local anesthesia
      improves the outcome by facilitating adequate cleansing of the wound and enabling
      deep structures to be visualized. In this way the risk of major sepsis and of the
      disability so frequently associated with these innocent-looking injuries can be
      reduced.

PMID- 4016623
TI  - Etiology of shock in blunt trauma.
AB  - Patients who have suffered blunt trauma and present in shock of uncertain cause
      represent a problem frequently encountered by emergency physicians. A
      retrospective review of the charts of 879 patients who had suffered blunt trauma
      and presented to a regional trauma unit over a 44-month period revealed that 154
      of the patients had presented to either a hospital or the trauma unit in shock.
      The most common causes of shock when a single source of hemorrhage was identified
      were, in order of decreasing frequency, intraperitoneal hemorrhage, pelvic or
      other musculoskeletal fractures, thoracic hemorrhage, severe head injury and
      spinal cord injury. Severe head injuries accounted for only 8% of the single
      source cases and contributed to shock in only seven of the remaining cases.

PMID- 4016624
TI  - Review of traumatic injuries in regional federal penitentiaries.
AB  - The incidence of major injuries in inmates of Canadian prisons has steadily
      increased in recent years. The medical records of the emergency department
      serving virtually all prisoners at federal penitentiaries in the Kingston, Ont.
      area were reviewed for cases of traumatic injury. In the 30-month period ending
      Mar. 1, 1984 there were 353 visits to the emergency department, of which 140 were
      for accidental injuries and 213 for injuries resulting from violence. Of the
      injuries caused by violence 75 (35%) were self-inflicted and 138 (65%) were
      inflicted by others. Of the 75 inmates with self-inflicted injuries 17 required
      admission to hospital, and 12 of these underwent surgery. Of the 138 inmates
      injured by others 50 were admitted to hospital, and 6 of these were transferred
      to the neurosurgical or cardiothoracic department at Kingston General Hospital;
      31 of the 50 underwent surgery, and 4 died in hospital as a result of their
      injuries.

PMID- 4016625
TI  - Nomifensine-induced dyskinesia.

PMID- 4016626
TI  - Gastric volvulus within the foramen of Morgagni.

PMID- 4016627
TI  - Delayed diagnosis in atypical measles syndrome.

PMID- 4016628
TI  - Visualization of Toxoplasma gondii in the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with a
      malignant astrocytoma.

PMID- 4016629
TI  - Effect of the immunization program in Ontario schools.

PMID- 4016630
TI  - OMA's computerized billing system benefitting physicians.

PMID- 4016631
TI  - The need for a new specialty: medical informatics.

PMID- 4016632
TI  - More on the grooves of academe.

PMID- 4016633
TI  - Variations in cesarean section rates.

PMID- 4016634
TI  - Extrahepatic tuberculous pseudotumour.

PMID- 4016635
TI  - The World Health Organization and cancer.

PMID- 4016636
TI  - The involuntary house husband: recipe for disaster?

PMID- 4016637
TI  - Reuse of permanent cardiac pacemakers.
AB  - Cardiac pacemakers are part of a growing group of expensive implantable
      electronic devices; hospitals in which 100 pacemakers are implanted per year must
      budget over $300 000 for these devices. This cost represents a considerable
      burden to health care resources. Since the "life-span" of modern pacemakers often
      exceeds that of the patients who receive them, the recovery and reuse of these
      devices seems logical. Pacemakers can be resterilized and tested with current
      hospital procedures. Reuse should be acceptable under Canadian law, but the
      manner in which the pacemakers are recovered and the patients selected should
      follow careful guidelines. Every patient should provide written informed consent
      before receiving a recovered pacemaker. Properly executed, reuse of pacemakers
      should provide a high level of health care while maintaining or reducing the cost
      of these devices.

PMID- 4016638
TI  - Limited usefulness of lymphocytopenia in screening for AIDS in hospital patients.
AB  - Lymphocytopenia is often present in patients with acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) and has been suggested as a useful screening test for AIDS. Of
      625 patients consecutively admitted to an acute care university teaching hospital
      91 (15%) were found to have a lymphocyte count of less than 1 X 10(9)/L, and 25
      (4%) had a count of less than 0.5 X 10(9)/L. The corresponding figures for 32
      patients at the hospital in whom AIDS had been diagnosed were 13 (41%) and 4
      (13%). Absolute lymphocyte counts in hospitalized patients should not be used as
      the sole means of identifying patients at high risk for AIDS.

PMID- 4016639
TI  - Lactobezoar in a low-birth-weight neonate.

PMID- 4016640
TI  - Reye's syndrome in British Columbia.

PMID- 4016641
TI  - Suboptimal response to hepatitis B vaccine in Nova Scotia.

PMID- 4016642
TI  - Aeronautics Act changes medical practice.

PMID- 4016643
TI  - Spectre of commercialism dominates transplant symposium.

PMID- 4016644
TI  - Abortion.

PMID- 4016645
TI  - The nuclear threat and Canadian children.

PMID- 4016646
TI  - Trends in the prevalence of alcohol and other drug use among Ontario students:
      1977-1983.

PMID- 4016647
TI  - The relationship between sex education and knowledge in grade eight students.

PMID- 4016648
TI  - Adolescent health needs: perspectives of health professionals.

PMID- 4016649
TI  - Noise induced hearing loss and leisure activities of young people: a pilot study.

PMID- 4016650
TI  - A comparison of the school performance, emotional adjustment and skill
      development of poor and middle-class children.

PMID- 4016651
TI  - Comparison of mail questionnaire and telephone interview as data gathering
      strategies in a survey of attitudes toward restrictions on cigarette smoking.

PMID- 4016652
TI  - Effect of a program of aerobic exercise on the smoking behaviour of a group of
      adult volunteers.

PMID- 4016653
TI  - Performance of mentally retarded adults on the Canadian Standardized Test of
      Fitness.

PMID- 4016654
TI  - Growth instability of French-Canadian children during the first three years of
      life.

PMID- 4016655
TI  - Lower respiratory disease in Indian and non-Indian infants.

PMID- 4016656
TI  - A waterborne epidemic of acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis in
      Alberta, Canada.

PMID- 4016657
TI  - Relationship between higher prevalence of smoking and weight concern amongst
      adolescent girls.

PMID- 4016658
TI  - Who uses natural family planning?

PMID- 4016659
TI  - Children of parental divorce: vulnerable or invulnerable?

PMID- 4016660
TI  - Parent's perceived responsibility for children's problems.
AB  - Beliefs about parents' influence on their children's behaviour have developed
      over the last 300 years. During this century multiple socio-economic, ideological
      and technological changes have combined to leave expert and lay person alike in a
      sea of confusion and ambiguity about optimal parent-child relationships. While
      fashions in child rearing change, the mother is usually accorded responsibility
      for the child's behaviour and social skills. In this study parents attending a
      multidisciplinary pediatric clinic were asked their opinion of the source of
      their child's emotional or behavioural problem. Describing confusion and
      conflicting advice, most parents had concluded that the problem had multiple
      roots. Between male and female parents, however, a marked difference was evident
      in the attribution of responsibility to themselves or their spouses and in their
      formulation of the nature of parental deficiencies.

PMID- 4016661
TI  - Civil commitment trends in Ontario: the effect of legislation on clinical
      practice.
AB  - The rationale for and history of civil commitment legislation in Ontario are
      reviewed. The civil commitment rate in Ontario from 1926 to 1980 for provincial
      psychiatric hospitals, and from 1974 to 1980 for all psychiatric inpatient
      facilities was analyzed to detect variation in the rate over time and with
      relevant legislation. The findings indicate that mental health legislation has
      had little effect on commitment practices in Ontario. In addition, the variation
      in the commitment rate over the period reviewed cannot be ascribed to
      inconsistent application by physicians. The other variables affecting the rate
      are discussed in this context. The need for more descriptive studies of the major
      determinants of the commitment rate is emphasized.

PMID- 4016662
TI  - Depressed children of depressed parents.
AB  - Fifty children whose parents had a diagnosis of affective disorder were given a
      structured diagnostic interview by a child psychiatrist. The parents were also
      interviewed about their children. Fourteen per cent of the children were found to
      be depressed. Compared to the remaining children, the depressed children endorsed
      significantly more symptoms of attention deficit disorder, oppositional disorder,
      mania, overanxious disorder, phobia, and bulimia in the interview. The parent's
      interview disclosed that the depressed children were abused significantly more
      than the non-depressed group.

PMID- 4016663
TI  - [Manic decompensation].
AB  - The author stresses early detection of the premonitory signs of a manic breakdown
      with a view towards an efficient therapeutic intervention. Some of the most
      typical signs are described with their corresponding dynamic implication. The
      manic-depressive's lack of impulse control often forces a member of the patient's
      circle to take control. After a review of the main personality traits belonging
      to the manic-depressive patient, the author gives a description of the patient's
      spouse in whom appear similar and complementary elements of the patient's
      personality. Finally, some steps are suggested to rationalize treatment. Emphasis
      is on educational methods combined with lithium therapy within the framework of a
      therapeutic relationship where the interactive dynamic forces are acknowledged.

PMID- 4016664
TI  - Suicide attempters, ideators and risk-taking propensity.
AB  - The personality dimensions related to risk-taking propensity in suicide patients
      were sought. Two dimensions, responsibility and self-esteem, were helpful in
      distinguishing between suicide involved patients, and non-suicide related cases.

PMID- 4016666
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy in a major teaching hospital: diagnoses and
      indications.
AB  - The use of ECT over an eleven year period in the University of Alberta Hospitals
      is reviewed. Five percent of patients received ECT, the mean number of treatments
      per course was 5.2, and the most frequent type of treatment was bilateral ECT.
      Discharge diagnoses showed that three-quarters of the patients had affective
      psychoses and one-fifth were schizophrenic. All patients had had a mandatory
      consultation before treatment and the most frequent reasons for choosing ECT were
      given as: failed antidepressant treatment, previous good response to ECT, failure
      to respond to other treatment, uncontrollable delusions or psychotic behavior,
      acute suicidal risk requiring a rapid response, and adverse reaction to
      medication. The mandatory consultation process has worked well and has helped to
      clarify the situations where ECT may be used with benefit. It is hoped that this
      may assist those who may be responsible for defining guidelines for the use of
      ECT.

PMID- 4016665
TI  - Hysterical seizures as a manifestation of "depression" in old age.
AB  - A case of hysterical seizures is presented which is ultimately diagnosed as
      depression and treated successfully with tricyclic antidepressants. The need to
      re-examine our understanding of illness and the effect of classification on
      treatment decisions is emphasized.

PMID- 4016667
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy.

PMID- 4016668
TI  - Neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemotherapy for breast cancer.
AB  - Despite recent developments in the treatment of breast cancer, metastatic breast
      cancer remains an incurable disease. Postoperative adjuvant treatment may improve
      the survival of a subgroup of node positive, Stage II breast cancer patients, but
      the proportion of failures is still high. Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, an
      example of a new approach in scheduling of available agents, is based on sound
      theoretical and experimental principles. In this report, the authors summarize
      the background data on the rationale for preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and
      present preliminary results of this study in which preoperative treatment
      starting with one course of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil
      (CMF) was given to newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer. Analysis of the
      first 43 patients given such treatment has shown that the side effects were
      comparable to those seen in patients treated with conventional postoperative
      chemotherapy, and that the delay time between diagnosis and starting chemotherapy
      has been substantially reduced compared to the historic group of patients.
      Additional aspects of this study include the introduction of fine-needle
      aspiration as the only diagnostic method for obtaining the tissue diagnosis of
      breast cancer, as well as a more intensive interaction between the surgeons from
      private practice and the oncology institute.

PMID- 4016669
TI  - Chemohormonal therapy for advanced breast cancer with tamoxifen, adriamycin, and
      cyclophosphamide (TAC).
AB  - Combined chemohormonal therapy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for the
      treatment of Stage IV breast cancer. Between 1977 and 1979, the authors evaluated
      a new chemohormonal therapy program in 63 evaluable women with advanced breast
      cancer who previously had not received cytotoxic chemotherapy or tamoxifen. The
      chemohormonal therapy consisted of 21- to 28-day cycles of tamoxifen (10 mg
      orally twice daily), Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (40 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1)
      and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2 orally on days 3-6) (TAC). Objective responses
      were observed in 82% of the patients (22% complete response, 60% partial
      response). With a median follow-up of 104 weeks (2 years), the median relapse
      free survival for the 52 responding patients was 80 weeks. The median survival
      for the entire group of 63 patients was 118 weeks. Eleven pretreatment patient
      characteristics were evaluated via univariate and multivariate analysis to
      determine their effect on response and survival. Prognostic factors with a
      significant association with longer survivals were as follows: a lack of soft
      tissue involvement, a lack of pleural involvement, and a long disease-free
      interval (DFI). Estrogen receptor (ER)-unknown patients, being composed primarily
      of postmenopausal patients with a long DFI and single-organ involvement
      (primarily bone), comprised 62% of the patient population and achieved a survival
      similar to the smaller number of ER-positive patients and was superior to the
      survival of ER-negative patients. Toxicities were recorded on all patients and
      overall the treatment was well tolerated. Combined chemohormonal therapy with TAC
      resulted in a high objective response rate and a long median survival. This study
      would support additional trials of chemohormonal therapy in patients with ER
      positive tumors or in those whose tumors are likely to be ER-positive (e.g.,
      postmenopausal patients with long DFIs).

PMID- 4016670
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring and nasal cavity. Clinical and
      immunologic aspects.
AB  - Twenty-nine cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring (W-NHL) and nasal
      cavity or paranasal sinus (N-NHL) were studied for tumor-surface marker phenotype
      and histopathologic correlation with clinical features. Immunostaining procedures
      on tissue sections by using xenoantisera and monoclonal antibodies to human B-
      and T-cells enabled the authors to demonstrate precise surface marker phenotypes
      of tumor cells and, moreover, the histologic localization of normal or neoplastic
      B- and T-cells in preserving the original structure of lymphoid organs or tumor
      tissues. In 22 cases of W-NHL, 19 (86%) had B-cell markers and 3 (14%) had T-cell
      markers, whereas 6 of 7 cases (86%) of N-NHL had T-cell markers. Tumor cells in T
      cell lymphomas in W-NHL and N-NHL reacted with antibodies to peripheral T-cells
      except one case of W-NHL. Rappaport "histiocytic" subtype was heterogeneous with
      respect to both surface marker characteristics and morphologic features, i.e.,
      seven had B-cell markers and four had T-cell markers, and they were all
      subdivided into "large cell" or "large cell, immunoblastic" in Working
      Formulation and "large cell" or "pleomorphic" in Lymphoma Study Group
      classification. The actuarial survival curve for all T-cell lymphoma patients was
      characterized by a rapid initial decline and a subsequent plateau, which
      contained two of the long survivors. In contrast, the B-cell lymphoma group had a
      more graded decline. The median and actuarial survivals of the T-cell lymphoma
      group were far inferior to those for the lymphoma group that expressed B-cell
      markers.

PMID- 4016672
TI  - Primary pulmonary lymphoma. A clinical and immunohistochemical study of six
      cases.
AB  - Six patients with lymphomatous lesions primarily involving the pulmonary
      parenchyma were studied. In these patients, both the history and physical
      findings were vague and minimal. The laboratory findings also were nonspecific,
      although the findings of large multiple lesions in the lungs and pleural adhesion
      or effusion were more consistent with lymphoma. Histologic examination revealed
      lymphocytic infiltration of the pulmonary parenchyma in all six patients and
      presence of germinal or growth centers in some areas of the lesions in four. The
      hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes were not involved in five patients so examined.
      Immunocytochemical study of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin revealed monoclonal
      lymphocytic proliferation in five patients and negative staining in one patient.
      Clinical, histologic, or immunohistochemical studies alone may not be sufficient
      to detect all of the lymphomatous lesions. The combined use of all of these
      parameters is more advantageous for accurate diagnosis of these lesions.
      Treatment is surgical resection. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy are used when
      residual disease is present after surgery. Three patients died of disseminated
      lymphoma 96, 42, and 8 months after diagnosis, respectively, and three patients
      are still alive at 18, 24, and 4 months, respectively.

PMID- 4016671
TI  - Expression of blood-group-related antigens in carcinoma in situ of the urinary
      bladder.
AB  - Expression of epithelial ABH blood group antigens and the T (Thomsen
      Friedenreich)-antigen was quantitatively studied by immunoperoxidase techniques
      in nine cystectomy specimens containing extensive carcinoma in situ (CIS), and
      also histologically benign epithelium. CIS areas typically showed abnormal
      expression of both ABH and T-antigens and a distinctive vascular architecture,
      revealed by endothelial ABH staining. Histologically normal epithelium generally
      was antigenically normal, but occasionally showed abnormalities of either ABH or
      T-antigens. Antigen expression was variable in histologically atypical
      epithelium, with significant segments showing abnormalities of either ABH or T
      antigen, and sometimes of both antigenic markers. It is postulated that
      histologically benign, but antigenically abnormal, epithelium may represent low
      grade CIS of the urinary bladder. Assessment of blood-group-related antigen
      expression in flat atypical epithelium of the urinary bladder may be useful for
      predicting the biologic potential of these lesions.

PMID- 4016673
TI  - Primary lymphomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
AB  - Extranodal lymphomas which present in the nasal cavity and/or the paranasal
      sinuses are rare. Thirty-eight patients with disease that was clinically limited
      to the head and neck (Ann Arbor Stages IE-IIE) were admitted between 1947 and
      1983. Twenty-eight patients were treated with radiotherapy alone and 10 received
      combination chemotherapy in addition. The overall 5-year survival figure was 56%.
      The corresponding result for Stage IE was 67%. No patient with Stage IIE disease
      survived 5 years. Extent of the extranodal disease also influenced results for
      Stage IE patients who were treated with radiotherapy only. When the extranodal
      disease was staged using the American Joint Committee TNM system, the 5-year
      disease-free survival for T1 and T2 patients was 78% as compared with 19% for
      patients with T3 and T4 disease. The addition of combination chemotherapy
      improved results for patients with T3 and T4 lesions.

PMID- 4016674
TI  - Primary and secondary tumors of childhood involving the heart, pericardium, and
      great vessels. A report of 75 cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Between 1919 and 1981, 16 children with primary cardiac tumors (8 rhabdomyomas, 5
      fibromas, 2 myxomas, and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma) and 59 children with secondary
      tumors of the cardiovascular system were seen at The Hospital for Sick Children
      in Toronto. Distant metastases in 45 children of the latter group, in descending
      order of frequency, were from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, soft tissue
      and bone sarcoma, Wilms' tumor, and hepatoma, and involved the myocardium and
      pericardium. In the remaining 14 children, tumor thrombi from Wilms' tumor (9
      cases), adrenal (2 cases) and hepatocellular carcinoma (2 cases), and endodermal
      sinus tumor (1 case) extended directly into the great veins and/or cardiac
      chambers. Children with primary and secondary tumors often present with
      nonspecific clinical, plain radiographic, electrocardiographic, and M-mode
      echocardiographic findings. Early recognition, utilizing special diagnostic
      procedures such as two-dimensional echocardiography, computerized axial
      tomography, angiocardiography, and inferior venocavography, followed by elective
      surgical resection of tumor under cardiopulmonary bypass and/or radiation and
      chemotherapy, offers patients with cardiovascular tumors the best chance of cure.

PMID- 4016675
TI  - Esophagitis and cancer of the esophagus.
AB  - Early diagnosis is an important factor in the effort to increase the healing
      rates of esophageal cancer; another consideration is the establishment of a
      reliable method of identifying risk groups. Alcohol abuse is known to be
      associated with a higher risk of esophageal cancer. The current investigation,
      based on a retrospective study of the records of patients with esophageal cancer,
      reveals a strong connection between cancer development and chronic esophagitis
      due mainly to reflux in about 10% of the patients. In the literature this
      connection has been suspected but never so clearly shown. The clinical
      implication may be a more rigorous approach to long-standing esophagitis in
      elderly patients.

PMID- 4016676
TI  - Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genitalia.
AB  - Eight cases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genitalia were diagnosed
      from 1963 to 1983 at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital. The primary
      sites were vulva in two, perineum in five, and broad ligament in one patient.
      When possible, therapy was initiated with local tumor excision (five patients).
      Surgery was followed by local or regional radiation (six patients) and
      chemotherapy (seven patients). Of the eight patients, five died within 9 months,
      one died 27 months after diagnosis, and only two are 5-year survivors. The
      aggressive behavior of this tumor is evidenced by autopsy findings of widespread
      metastases. Metastatic disease to the bone was present in four patients and to
      the breast in three patients. Local disease was controlled in two patients who
      died of distant metastases. Current therapy recommendations include excisional
      surgery, local radiation, and combination chemotherapy. A need for more effective
      chemotherapeutic programs is evident.

PMID- 4016677
TI  - Laparotomy-staged IA versus IIA Hodgkin's disease. A comparative study with
      evaluation of prognostic factors for stage IIA disease.
AB  - Ninety-one laparotomy-staged (LAP) IA and IIA Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients
      were analyzed to evaluate the prognostic significance of stage, mediastinal
      status, extranodal disease and histology. Forty IA patients were treated with
      radiotherapy (XRT) only; of 51 IIA patients, 44 received XRT only and 7 had
      additional chemotherapy. Disease-free survival (DFS) at 5 and 10 years was 81%
      and 70%, respectively, with overall survival (S) of 93% and 86%, respectively.
      Disease-free survival for IA patients (93% at 5 and 10 years) was significantly
      superior to IIA (73% at 5 years, 52% at 10 years). Survival differences were not
      statistically significant. For IIA patients receiving XRT only, large mediastinal
      disease was an adverse factor for DFS. Small mediastinal disease in IIA was
      significantly better than no mediastinal disease. For the whole group of LAP IA
      and IIA treated by XRT only, three prognostic groups were identified: (1) Stage
      IA and Stage IIA with mediastinal disease, but less than 7.5 cm in width was
      highly favorable with less than 10% relapse; (2) Stage IIA nonmediastinal had an
      intermediate prognosis with relapse in about 33%; (3) Stage IIA large mediastinal
      (greater than or equal to 7.5 cm) had an unfavorable DFS with relapse in about
      55%. The third group contained a highly unfavorable subset with mediastinal
      masses greater than 10 cm, all of whom relapsed. Salvage therapy was successful
      in 60% of relapsing patients. In the context of relatively effective salvage
      therapy, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in adverse prognostic groups is
      discussed and it is concluded that the only clearly justifiable use for adjuvant
      chemotherapy is in patients with massive (greater than 10 cm) mediastinal
      adenopathy.

PMID- 4016678
TI  - Renal glomerulopathies associated with Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - From a series of 138 patients with Hodgkin's disease seen over a 17-year period,
      2 developed the nephrotic syndrome. One patient developed hematuria unrelated to
      cytotoxic chemotherapy or thrombocytopenia. All three patients had evidence of
      glomerulopathy on histologic examination of renal tissue, but none had the more
      usually associated minimal-change glomerular histologic features. The patients
      with nephrotic syndrome had effective clinical regression with systemic
      chemotherapy. The significance of renal glomerular disease in association with
      Hodgkin's disease is discussed.

PMID- 4016679
TI  - Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) associated with
      vertebral destruction.
AB  - A 45-year-old man presented with lower thoracic pain, proteinuria, and
      destruction of thoracic vertebra from an adjacent unresectable paraspinal mass
      which, on biopsy, demonstrated angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (AFLNH).
      The patient received 3939 rad in 22 fractions to the mass and associated area of
      vertebral destruction. The patient is currently asymptomatic without recurrence
      of pain or progression of neurologic symptoms 5 years after radiotherapy. There
      has been resolution of the previous proteinuria. Serial computerized tomography
      scans and x-rays show no change in the paraspinal mass nor resolution of the
      vertebral destruction adjacent to the mass. A search of the English literature
      has failed to identify any previous association of AFLNH and bone destruction.

PMID- 4016680
TI  - Sites of primary malignancies in patients presenting with cerebral metastases. A
      review of 120 cases.
AB  - A retrospective study is reported of 120 consecutive cases of patients presenting
      with brain metastases as the primary sign of their malignancy. Primary site was
      found in 62 patients (53 while alive and 9 at postmortem examination) and
      remained unknown in 58. Lung was the most frequent primary site (45% of known
      sites), and digestive malignancies were surprisingly the second most frequent
      primary site (19% of known sites), whereas breast was found in less than 5%. When
      primary site was disclosed, in 85% it was after history, clinical exam, chest x
      ray, and pathologic findings. Survival was almost identical in both known and
      unknown primary sites: 54% versus 44% at 6 months, 20% versus 16% at 1 year, and
      6% versus 5% at 2 years. It was concluded that extensive evaluations to identify
      primary sites do not appear to be rational in patients presenting with brain
      metastases.

PMID- 4016681
TI  - Myxopapillary ependymoma. A clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study of 77
      cases.
AB  - The study involved 77 myxopapillary ependymomas of the spinal cord encountered
      during a 60-year period (1924-1983). This variant of ependymoma was, with few
      exceptions, limited to the lumbosacral region, particularly the filum terminale.
      The male:female ratio was 1.7:1, and the mean age at diagnosis was 36.4 years
      (range, 6-82); at presentation, 15 (19%) of the patients were in the first two
      decades of life. The duration of symptoms ranged from 1 month to 30 years; the
      most frequent complaint was low-back pain, and eight patients had undergone prior
      "disc surgery." Generally, myelographic block was disclosed. Preoperative
      cerebrospinal fluid protein levels averaged 2462 mg/dl. Myxopapillary ependymomas
      are slow-growing tumors that show no significant tendency to histologic
      dedifferentiation. Despite some variation in cytologic features and the presence
      of atypia and modest mitotic activity in most cases, the gross characteristics of
      the tumors appear to be of greater prognostic significance than the histologic
      features. Tumors that were encapsulated (25%) and amenable to intact, total
      surgical removal had a recurrence rate of 10%, whereas those that were removed
      either piecemeal (34%) or subtotally (41%) had recurrence rates of 19%. Overall
      survival, however, was more closely related to residual disease; total removal of
      tumor, whether intact (encapsulated) or piecemeal, resulted in longer survival
      (19 years) than did subtotal resection (14 years). Patients who died (6.5%) did
      so after a prolonged course marked by multiple recurrences. Radiotherapy may be
      of particular benefit to patients whose tumors are not amenable to intact total
      removal.

PMID- 4016682
TI  - Age as a prognostic factor in breast cancer.
AB  - Long-term survival was evaluated in a total of 12,319 women with first breast
      cancer, comprising 94.9% of virtually all women with first breast cancers
      diagnosed in Sweden in 1959 through 1963. After correction for the expected
      mortality, it was found that age at diagnosis was an important predictor of the
      probability of escaping the risk of dying of breast cancer (relative survival),
      with a regular trend toward a more favorable course in younger women. This
      difference between the age groups is apparent as early as 5 years after diagnosis
      and increases throughout the period of observation. Thus the relative 20-year
      survival rates +/- 95% confidence limits were 51.3 +/- 3.8%, 41.2 +/- 3.4%, 34.2
      +/- 3.8%, and 16.6 +/- 6.3% at ages 40 through 44, 50 through 54, 60 through 69,
      and 70 through 79 years, respectively. Patients younger than 40 years diverged
      from the general trend, with a survival rate of 44.1 +/- 4.6% at 20 years.

PMID- 4016683
TI  - The malignant pleural effusion. A review of cytopathologic diagnoses of 584
      specimens from 472 consecutive patients.
AB  - This study reports the cytopathologic diagnoses rendered on all malignant pleural
      effusions received and processed over a period of 14 years. Specimens of fluid
      from various body sites (25,464) were examined. Of these, 5888 (23%) were
      specimens of pleural effusions. Five hundred eighty-four specimens (9.9% of total
      pleural fluid specimens) taken from 472 patients were diagnosed as containing
      cancer cells. Of the malignant pleural effusions, 75.7% were classified as
      carcinomatous in type. Adenocarcinomas comprised 47.4% of the 584 specimens. The
      groups of large cell undifferentiated carcinoma and lymphoma/leukemia
      approximated one another in being the second most common cancer groups (14.3% and
      15.0%, respectively). For both males and females, the frequency of organ site or
      primary tumor type was lung (35.6%), lymphoma/leukemia (15.9%), breast (14.8%),
      female genital tract (8.1%), and gastrointestinal tract (5.9%). Among male
      patients, the order of frequency was lung (49.1%), lymphoma/leukemia (21.1%),
      gastrointestinal tract (7.0%), genitourinary tract (6.0%), and malignant melanoma
      (1.4%). In female patients, the order of frequency was breast (37.4%), female
      genital tract (usually ovary) (20.3%), lung (15.0%), lymphoma/leukemia (8.0%),
      and gastrointestinal tract (4.3%). In 48 patients (10.2%) the primary site of
      neoplasm was never determined. In 90.5% of patients a cytopathologic diagnosis
      conclusive for cancer was obtained on the first specimen of fluid. There were no
      false positive diagnoses.

PMID- 4016684
TI  - Radical retroperitoneal tumor surgery with resection of the psoas major muscle.
AB  - Three patients with extensive retroperitoneal cancer are presented, in whom the
      psoas muscle was resected as part of a radical tumor excision. The resection of
      the psoas muscle, including the femoral nerve, which travels in its substance,
      and the genitofemoral and ilioinguinal nerves, caused little morbidity
      (denervation weakness of the quadriceps and anterior high numbness) and improved
      the quality of the excision. Ablation of the psoas muscle is technically
      possible; it may improve the patient's outlook both for palliation and for
      curative intent.

PMID- 4016685
TI  - Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndromes I and II). I. Clinical
      description of resource.
AB  - Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is comprised of the following:
      the cancer family syndrome (CFS), or Lynch syndrome II, which shows early-onset
      proximal colonic cancer predominance and other associated extracolonic
      adenocarcinomas, particularly endometrial carcinoma; and hereditary site-specific
      colon cancer (HSSCC), or Lynch syndrome I, which shows all of the same
      characteristics, except for extracolonic cancer. Nine families with CFS and two
      with HSSCC provided the resource that was tested for biomarkers (see companion
      article). All families were meticulously evaluated for genealogy and cancer
      verification. Biologic specimens were obtained during field visits to areas of
      closest geographic proximity to the families. Cancer education and
      recommendations for surveillance/management were provided to patients and their
      physicians. Additionally, 40 families (about 3000 individuals) with either CFS or
      HSSCC have been ascertained. Syndrome cancers were restricted to direct-line
      relatives as opposed to nonbloodline relatives, arguing against involvement of
      environmental factors. One documented clinical feature was a predilection for
      proximal versus distal colonic cancer in both CFS and HSSCC kindreds. This has
      important clinical significance in that it clarifies the need for instituting
      effective surveillance earlier to detect the predominantly proximal colonic
      cancers.

PMID- 4016687
TI  - The role of gender and other factors in the prognosis of young patients with
      colorectal cancer.
AB  - Fifty patients from a socioeconomically disadvantaged population who were
      diagnosed when younger than 40 with colorectal cancer between 1968 and 1978 were
      analyzed. These patients had an increased survival compared with their older
      counterparts aged 40 years and older who were diagnosed during the same time. The
      young women had significantly better survival than the young men. Advanced
      stages, distribution of primary sites, and precancerous conditions were not major
      factors. The fact that the younger patients' cancers had a higher incidence of
      extracellular mucin production may have been counterbalanced by their receiving
      more extensive treatment. At the same time, cultural and social factors related
      to gender may have more to do with better survival than do factors evaluated in
      previous studies. In fact, because of the pervasive lack of male/female analysis,
      it is not known whether the survival difference due to gender found in this
      report is a universal tendency in young populations.

PMID- 4016686
TI  - Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndromes I and II). II.
      Biomarker studies.
AB  - Nine families with the cancer family syndrome (CFS), or Lynch syndrome II, and
      two with hereditary site-specific colonic cancer (HSSCC), or Lynch syndrome I,
      were investigated for the following potential biomarkers of genotype status: in
      vitro tetraploidy of dermal fibroblast monolayer cultures; tritiated thymidine
      uptake (3HdThd) labeling of colonic mucosa; cytogenetics of peripheral blood
      mononuclear leukocytes; quantitative serum immunoglobulin determinations;
      methionine dependence in dermal fibroblasts in tissue culture; segregation
      analysis; and the study of gene linkage with respect to 25 landmark serum and
      blood group markers. Positive lod scores of 3.19 for linkage of the Jk (Kidd
      blood group) with CFS were obtained. Both in vitro tetraploidy and 3HdThd uptake
      in the distal colonic mucosal crypt compartments were positively associated with
      cancer risk status in CFS and HSSCC kindreds. There was a high incidence of
      polymorphisms of centromeric heterochromatin, including complete inversion. These
      findings are of particular clinical and genetic significance because HNPCC lacks
      premonitory signs of cancer risk. If confirmed, they could conceivably enable
      definition of genotype as early as birth in members of HNPCC kindreds, thereby
      enabling psychologic preparation and intensive cancer education for improved
      compliance in surveillance/management programs. These studies also provide new
      clues about the chromosome(s) bearing the presumed cancer gene(s). For example,
      CFS gene(s) may possibly be located on chromosome 2, where Jk is located. These
      biomarkers merit intensive study in additional HNPCC kindreds for a more complete
      assessment of their sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, essential aspects
      of previous reports involving biologic samples from these and/or similar subject
      kindreds are included to permit a comprehensive presentation of the combined
      findings of this consortium to date.

PMID- 4016688
TI  - Therapeutic implications of the natural history of advanced cervical cancer as
      defined by pretreatment surgical staging.
AB  - From 1978 to 1983, 112 women with advanced cervical carcinomas received
      radiotherapy after pretreatment surgical staging. Five-year actuarial relapse
      free survival rates were a strong function of lymphatic spread: 40% with
      periaortic node metastases, 50% with pelvic node metastases, and 84% without node
      metastases. Primary treatment failure had a distant component in 75% of
      recurrences (50% of recurrences with negative nodes and 85% of recurrences with
      positive nodes). It was concluded that adjuvant systemic therapy is necessary to
      substantially raise the probability of cure.

PMID- 4016689
TI  - The effect of transurethral prostatic resection on the incidence of osseous
      prostatic metastasis.
AB  - Of 169 patients with a minimum of 4 years follow-up treated definitively with
      irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate, 100 had transurethral prostatic
      resection (TURP) before treatment. In comparing that group with the group who did
      not have TURP, osseous metastases developed in 28% versus 22%, respectively.
      Further stratification by tumor grade and stage failed to show TURP-dependent
      tumor dissemination, whereas the incidence of bony metastasis increased
      progressively with decreasing tumor differentiation and advancing tumor stage.

PMID- 4016690
TI  - The role of social support systems in adolescent cancer amputees.
AB  - Amputation is often a component in the treatment of bone tumors such as
      osteogenic sarcoma, which is most prevalent in the adolescent age group.
      Adaptation to cancer and loss of a limb requires a significant multidimensional
      effort. To examine the role of social support systems, 27 adolescents who had
      undergone amputations for cancer were interviewed. Inquiries were made regarding
      patients' perceived social support providers and the impact of amputation upon
      their lives and independence. Parents, especially mothers, were perceived as
      realistic and most helpful at the time of surgery (80%), followed by professional
      hospital staff (59.3%), and siblings (59.3%). Friends of patients were less
      helpful, as many reported their friends felt sorry for them (65.4%), avoided them
      (33.3%), or drifted away (40%). Only 7.4% of the patients had a clear preference
      to be associated with other amputees. This study details other preferences and
      difficulties encountered by the adolescent amputees and the role of support
      systems in their adaptation to their disease and amputation.

PMID- 4016691
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in northern India. A retrospective analysis of 238 cases.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was performed of 238 patients, aged 12 years and older,
      with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting to the All India Institute of Medical
      Sciences, New Delhi, India, between September 1975 and December 1982. Pathologic
      material was reviewed and classified according to the modified Rappaport
      classification. The most common histologic type encountered was diffuse
      histiocytic lymphoma (39%), followed by diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic
      lymphoma (29%), and diffuse mixed histiocytic and lymphocytic lymphoma (9%).
      Nodular lymphomas constituted 9% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. A lower
      frequency of nodular lymphomas, a lower median age of onset (45 years), and a
      higher male to female ratio (4.5:1) as compared with Western countries was
      observed. Survival information on 90 patients revealed no effect of age, sex,
      stage of disease, and "B" symptoms on survival, whereas histologic diagnosis had
      a significant influence on survival (P less than 0.05). A median survival of 24
      months in 58 patients receiving chemotherapy is comparable to that reported by
      other investigators.

PMID- 4016693
TI  - Multiagent chemotherapy for sarcoma diagnosed during pregnancy.
AB  - A 21-year-old, gravida 1, para O, woman presented at approximately 25 weeks
      gestation with a large Ewing's sarcoma involving her iliac wing. She was treated
      with multiagent chemotherapy before a successful Cesarean delivery of a normal
      infant at approximately 34 weeks gestation. Four years later both the mother and
      child are doing well. The literature regarding sarcoma occurring during pregnancy
      and that regarding multiagent chemotherapy in pregnant patients is reviewed.
      Chemotherapy should be instituted early in the course of many malignant sarcomas,
      despite pregnancy, to prevent the occurrence of metastases.

PMID- 4016692
TI  - Preoperative intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced squamous cell
      carcinoma of the mouth and oropharynx.
AB  - Twelve patients with advanced locoregional (Stage III and IV) squamous cell
      carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx underwent treatment with cisplatin,
      vinblastine, bleomycin, and 5-fluorouracil, given by intra-arterial infusion, as
      primary adjuvant therapy, in preparation for radiation therapy and surgery.
      Responses were observed during or immediately after infusion therapy in 8 of 12
      (67%) of patients (1 complete response, 7 partial responses). Infusion
      chemotherapy was followed by radiation therapy alone in five patients and by
      radiation and surgery in six patients. The protocol was initiated in August 1981,
      and six patients are now free of their primary cancer, at 21 to 36 months,
      whereas six have died with disease. Arterial infusion of a combination of
      effective antineoplastic agents is a promising method for the preparation of
      selected patients for radiation therapy and surgery, as it is less likely to
      produce serious systemic toxicity and it requires a shorter period than systemic
      neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

PMID- 4016694
TI  - Anticancer drug activity in human bladder tumor cell lines.
AB  - A panel of ten human bladder tumor cell lines were tested for drug sensitivity to
      ten standard or investigational anticancer drugs using a tumor colony assay. The
      activity of these anticancer agents in vitro was then compared with the clinical
      activity of these agents in bladder cancer. Drug activity was found in only five
      of the ten cell lines. In only 9 of 100 drug assays was the inhibition of colony
      growth lower than 30% of the controls. The activity of the more active anticancer
      drugs in bladder cancer (i.e., methotrexate and cisplatin) was not predicted
      using the tumor colony assay. Overall, the low level of activity of most
      anticancer drugs tested paralleled the clinical experience of drug resistance
      found in human bladder cancer.

PMID- 4016695
TI  - Locally recurrent hypernephroma treated by radiation therapy and embolization. A
      report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma developed
      local recurrence with lumbar vertebral involvement and intractable pain. Both
      patients were treated with a combination of radiation therapy and selective
      lumbar vertebral artery embolization with complete resolution of pain and no
      evidence of recurrence of disease after 3 years.

PMID- 4016696
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck after radiation therapy for
      Hodgkin's disease. A report of two cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck developed in two patients 12
      and 22 years, respectively, after radiation treatment for Hodgkin's disease (HD).
      Both tumors arose in previously irradiated fields. Sixteen reported cases of SCC
      of the head and neck occurring after treatment for HD are summarized. Details of
      treatment were lacking in most instances. The authors suspect that cases similar
      to the two reported here will be seen more frequently with longer follow-up of
      patients cured of HD.

PMID- 4016697
TI  - Effects of preparatory patient education for radiation oncology patients.
AB  - Sixty cancer patients undergoing their first course of radiotherapy were assigned
      to one of two patient education conditions as they entered treatment: patients in
      the high-information condition were shown an audiovisual program, presenting
      procedural and sensory information about radiotherapy; patients in the low
      information condition received standard care without exposure to the patient
      education program. On the basis of psychologic testing, patients were also
      classified on "vigilant-avoidant" and "repression-sensitization" coping style
      dimensions. Outcome variables, assessed during the first and last weeks of
      treatment (T1 and T2, respectively) induced ratings of treatment-related
      knowledge, state anxiety, and total mood disturbance. Preparatory patient
      education produced positive results regardless of coping style. Patients in the
      high-information condition showed significantly greater treatment-related
      knowledge (at T1) and less emotional distress (at T2). There was no significant
      main effect for coping style, nor was there an interaction effect (coping style
      by intervention condition). Results are discussed in terms of the manifest need
      for preparatory information in radiation therapy settings, the role of coping
      style factors, and the clinical utility of patient education interventions.

PMID- 4016698
TI  - Fiber concentration in lung tissue of patients with malignant mesothelioma. A
      case-control study.
AB  - The risk of malignant mesothelioma associated with low-level asbestos exposure is
      an important unresolved issue today. We have analyzed the asbestos fiber
      concentration in lung tissue from 14 cases of malignant mesothelioma and 28 case
      matched controls by scanning electron microscopy. The cases represent 86% of all
      mesotheliomas recorded by the Cancer Registry of Norway from the county of
      Hordaland between 1970 and 1979. Based on 1 million fibers per g of dried tissue
      as an indicator of cumulated asbestos exposure, the odds ratio (relative risk)
      was 8.5 (95% confidence limits, 2.3-31.1). Assuming that the risk of malignant
      mesothelioma is related to mineral fiber concentration in lung tissue, it is
      concluded that a fiber concentration exceeding 1 million fibers per g of dried
      tissue is associated with an increased risk of malignant mesothelioma.
      Furthermore, the results are consistent with a no-threshold response.

PMID- 4016699
TI  - Study of the cell proliferation kinetics in ulcerative colitis, adenomatous
      polyps, and cancer.
AB  - Cell proliferation kinetics, using autoradiography, was investigated in 4
      specimens of normal colonic mucosa, 11 cases of ulcerative colitis, 15 adenomas,
      and 17 advanced cancers of the large intestine. In the normal mucosa, the labeled
      cells were located only in the lower three fifths of the crypts, the so-called
      proliferation zone, and their labeling index was 11.7 +/- 4.0%. In the ulcerative
      colitis, the proliferation zones were remarkably extended toward the upper part
      of the crypts, and the mean labeling index was 20.5 +/- 9.4%. In the adenomatous
      polyps, labeling was seen in any part of the crypts, and abnormal proliferation
      patterns such as denseness, stratification, expansion, and budding of the labeled
      cells tended to increase in accordance with the degree of the histologic atypism.
      Their mean labeling index was 22.2 +/- 8.6%. However each labeling index of the
      polyps increased proportionally to their histologic atypism, from 15.2 +/- 8.1%
      in grade II to 30.1 +/- 9.9% in grade V. The mean labeling index of the cancers
      was 23.3 +/- 9.6%, and there was little difference in the labeling patterns of
      the malignant polyps and cancers. The proliferation patterns of the polyp and
      cancer were qualitatively different from those of the normal mucosa and the
      ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 4016700
TI  - Prognostic and therapeutic use of microstaging of cutaneous squamous cell
      carcinoma of the trunk and extremities.
AB  - Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) arising in actinically damaged skin,
      unassociated with chronic inflammation or injury, are generally regarded as
      nonaggressive lesions. These tumors occasionally recur or metastasize, however,
      as do de novo SCC. The authors reviewed 63 patients with cutaneous SCC of the
      trunk or extremities, excluding lesions that developed in known high risk
      settings, in order to explore the potential of histologic microstaging as a
      prognostic indicator. Fifty-four patients (86%) were free of recurrence following
      primary surgical therapy. Nine patients (14%) had either local recurrence or
      metastases; five of these (8% of the entire series) died of their tumors. Tumor
      behavior correlated best with the level of dermal invasion and the vertical tumor
      thickness. All tumors that recurred were 4 mm or more thick and involved the deep
      half of the dermis or deeper structures. All tumors that proved fatal were at
      least 10 mm in maximum thickness, and the four lethal lesions that could be
      evaluated for level of invasion extended into subcutaneous tissue or deeper
      structures. The thickness and level of invasion of cutaneous SCC appear to
      represent important prognostic factors and may be relevant indicators for wide
      field resection and/or elective lymph node dissection.

PMID- 4016701
TI  - Cerebral pilocytic astrocytoma.
AB  - Cerebral pilocytic astrocytoma is a known intracranial tumor, but its biological
      characteristics are less well documented. The authors report 30 patients with
      cerebral pilocytic astrocytoma who were accessioned by the Armed Forces Institute
      of Pathology between 1970 and 1980. Histological appearance of the tumor was
      correlated with clinical characteristics. Mean age of onset was 22.15 years, mean
      preoperative duration of symptoms was 3.77 years, and mean postoperative survival
      was 5.91 years, with 20 of 23 (87%) known to ultimately survive surgery. These
      cases of cerebral pilocytic astrocytoma exhibited histologic characteristics
      consistent with that of a low-grade tumor. Although several of these tumors were
      of guarded prognosis due to location, degree of infiltration or cyst recurrence,
      they generally demonstrated a natural course of a relatively low-grade neoplasm.

PMID- 4016702
TI  - Neoplastic angioendotheliosis. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic
      findings in three cases.
AB  - Three cases of neoplastic angioendotheliosis (NAE) presenting with central
      nervous system (CNS) disease but no skin lesions are described. The histogenesis
      of the neoplastic cells is discussed. Microscopic examination showed accumulation
      of neoplastic cells in the vascular system throughout the body and their
      extravascular proliferation in several organs. Electron microscopic and
      immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies and
      factor VIII-related antigen in intravascular and extravascular neoplastic cells
      in two of the three cases. In the first case the neoplastic cells did not have
      any T-cell markers. However, in one case no specific markers were found in the
      neoplastic cells by electron microscopic, enzyme histochemical, or
      immunohistochemical examination. These findings, although supporting the
      endothelial origin of the neoplastic cells, indicate the need for further
      consideration of whether NAE is actually a single disease entity or several
      different diseases.

PMID- 4016703
TI  - Retroperitoneal lymphangioleiomyomatosis. A 36-year benign course in a
      postmenopausal woman.
AB  - An 89-year-old asymptomatic white woman was found to have a pelvic mass with
      retroperitoneal extension. Biopsy of the lesion demonstrated
      lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Review of her records revealed that 36 years ago a mass
      in the same location had been found incidentally and biopsy was performed during
      abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma. Comparison of the old and recent
      biopsy specimens showed an identical histologic appearance. This case, therefore,
      represents a benign, localized form of lymphangioleiomyomatosis; the long
      survival without therapy may be related to the fact that this patient was
      postmenopausal.

PMID- 4016704
TI  - Adnexal carcinomas of the skin. II. Extraocular sebaceous carcinomas.
AB  - Extraocular sebaceous carcinomas are uncommonly seen neoplasms, and have been
      confused in the past with basal cell carcinomas showing sebaceous
      differentiation. In contrast to the latter tumors, however, sebaceous carcinomas
      have a distinct risk of aggressive behavior. This study presents
      clinicopathologic data on five cases of sebaceous carcinoma arising in cutaneous
      locations outside of the ocular adnexae. Four of five patients were men, and the
      average age at diagnosis was 63 years. Three tumors occurred on the face, one
      arose in the skin of the neck, and another occurred on the penis, an anatomic
      site that is extremely rare for sebaceous carcinoma. Three tumors metastasized,
      and two patients died of tumor or with residual tumor growth. In light of this
      behavior, the premise that extraocular sebaceous carcinomas rarely spread to
      distant sites may need reexamination.

PMID- 4016705
TI  - Aspiration cytology in the staging of urologic cancer.
AB  - Knowledge of the status of the pelvic lymph nodes is vital for accurate staging
      and adequate treatment of patients with urologic cancer. Noninvasive techniques
      for assessing the lymphatic spread of urologic neoplasms have proved to be of
      limited value. Bipedal lymphangiography and percutaneous fine needle aspiration
      cytology under fluoroscopic guidance were performed for staging purposes in 71
      patients with clinically localized bladder, prostatic and penile cancer from 257
      nodal chains. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 93% and the correct aspiration
      of 186 lymph nodes was surgically confirmed. There were 11 (6%) false-negative
      biopsy results and no false-positive diagnoses. Aspiration cytology is a safe,
      well tolerated, accurate, and rapid method of determining the presence of
      metastatic disease in lymphangiographically visualized pelvic nodes. In the
      management of prostatic carcinoma, positive cytologic results are diagnostic of
      nodal metastatic involvement and spare the patients unnecessary surgical staging.
      Negative cytologic findings may be considered diagnostic of localized disease in
      the patients with well differentiated prostatic carcinoma (2-4 Gleason's sum).
      Since most surgeons are reluctant to perform a staging lymphadenectomy in the
      management of invasive bladder carcinoma, aspiration cytology can provide
      accurate staging, thus permitting an appropriate treatment plan. In patients with
      carcinoma of the penis, a positive aspirate permits an early and even curative
      lymphadenectomy in cases with clinically negative but pathologically positive
      nodes.

PMID- 4016706
TI  - The Sezary syndrome with rapid pulmonary dissemination.
AB  - The authors report the case of a patient with long-standing Sezary syndrome who
      developed the acute onset of bilateral pulmonary infiltration, severe hypoxemia,
      and hypotension. Initial diagnostic considerations centered around infection, but
      an open-lung biopsy revealed "mycosis fungoides" without evidence of an
      infectious process. The patient showed striking improvement when given
      vincristine and cyclophosphamide, but ultimately died 3 months later of a
      nonpulmonary catheter-related infection. This rare clinical association stresses
      the value of open lung biopsy as a diagnostic measure even in desperately ill
      individuals.

PMID- 4016707
TI  - Assessment of mandibular invasion by carcinoma.
AB  - In this prospective study of 31 patients, the most sensitive assessment of
      malignant invasion of the mandible was by physical examination. Bone scanning and
      conventional roentgenographs are useful adjuncts in the staging evaluation of
      patients when clinical involvement is suspected and to determine the extent of
      disease in order to aid in treatment planning. However, they are frequently
      subject to false-positive interpretive errors, especially due to increased
      osteoblastic activity associated with dental disease and occasional tumor
      adjacent to the mandible. When appropriate, the radiographs ordered should be
      those that allow for the most accurate assessment of the particular lesion as
      determined by its location. Until a more specific and accurate method for
      detecting and measuring malignant invasion of the mandible is developed, the
      physical findings and the judgment of the head and neck surgeon remains our most
      valuable tool.

PMID- 4016708
TI  - Do regular ovulatory cycles increase breast cancer risk?
AB  - The "estrogen window hypothesis" of the etiology of breast cancer proposes that
      unopposed estrogen stimulation is the most favorable state for tumor induction
      and that normal postovulation progesterone secretion reduces susceptibility. The
      authors believe that epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest rather that
      the opposite is true, i.e., that breast cancer risk is directly related to the
      cumulative number of regular ovulatory cycles. Unlike the endometrium, breast
      tissue mitotic activity is enhanced in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
      Regular vigorous physical activity is one method of reducing the frequency of
      ovulatory cycles, and such exercise could markedly reduce a woman's lifetime risk
      of developing breast cancer.

PMID- 4016710
TI  - Surgical treatment of distant metastatic melanoma. Indications and results.
AB  - A retrospective study was made of the surgical treatment of distant metastases
      from melanoma in 143 patients. The determinants of survival benefit were: (1)
      successful complete resection of all clinical disease; (2) single versus multiple
      metastatic site; and (3) anatomic location of disease. Complete resection was
      achieved with single- and multiple-site lesions in 67% and 31% of the patients,
      respectively, yielding corresponding 5-year survival rates of 33% and 9%,
      respectively. Incomplete resection yielded little survival benefit. Soft tissue
      and extraregional nodal lesions were completely resectable in 70%, whereas
      pulmonary, extrahepatic abdominal visceral, and osseous lesions were in 40% of
      the patients, resulting in similar 5-year survival rates of 17% to 22%. The
      operative mortality rate was 1.4% (2/143). Unsuccessful resection frequently led
      to very long hospitalization periods for complications and disease, with some
      patients spending more than 50% of their remaining survival time in the hospital.
      These observations suggest that, with proper selection of patients, guided by
      these determinants, surgical resection can offer a reasonable expectation of
      prolonged survival.

PMID- 4016709
TI  - Pulmonary metastases in ovarian cancer. Analysis of 357 patients.
AB  - The pattern of pulmonary involvement from ovarian cancer was evaluated in 357
      patients who were seen at the Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1966 to 1975. Thoracic
      involvement by tumor was found in 169 patients (44.5%), a figure considerably
      higher than in previous reports. Pleural effusions were present in nearly 75% of
      patients who had thoracic involvement. Only 73% of the effusions contained
      identifiable malignant cells. Solid metastases to the pulmonary parenchyma were
      present in 12.3% of the patients; lymphangitic and nodal spread was observed in
      only 1% of the patients. The incidence of metastases did not correlate with tumor
      histologic features. Five-year survival figures were 29% for the control group;
      5.6% of the patients who had evidence of thoracic involvement were alive after 5
      years compared with a 49% 5-year survival of those patients with no evidence of
      thoracic involvement. Right-sided lesions produced thoracic metastases more
      frequently than left-sided lesions. No significant differences with respect to
      age, race, menopause, smoking history, or autopsy rate were found between those
      patients with and without pulmonary metastasis. Chest x-ray was found to be of
      great value in determining pulmonary metastasis; only 6% of patients who were
      proven by autopsy to have spread of cancer to the thoracic cavity had a chest x
      ray that did not show malignancy. The majority of these ten patients had
      lymphangitic or microvascular disease. No cases of second primary occurring in
      the lung were noted in this review, although two case reports have appeared in
      the literature. Only three patients with pulmonary involvement by tumor had no
      other evidence of Stage IV disease.

PMID- 4016711
TI  - A totally implanted venous access system for the delivery of chemotherapy.
AB  - The use of an Ommaya Capsule-Catheter System for the delivery of chemotherapy in
      cancer patients with inadequate peripheral veins has been studied over a 6-year
      period. Between 1978 and 1984, 76 Ommaya capsules were implanted in 68 patients,
      providing a collective experience of over 28,000 venous access days. Two patients
      were lost to follow-up. The results of the capsule-catheter system performance
      indicates a functional rate of over 90%. The complications included a 6.7%
      catheter occlusion rate, and a 2.7% capsule leakage rate. This accounts for an
      overall catheter related complication rate of 9.4%.

PMID- 4016712
TI  - Hyperthermia-induced vascular injury in normal and neoplastic tissue.
AB  - The sequential morphologic alterations in normal skeletal muscle in rats, Walker
      256 tumors in rats, and transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) in dogs following
      microwave-induced hyperthermia (43 degrees C and 45 degrees C for 20 minutes),
      were studied by histologic and ultrastructural examination. Normal muscle and
      Walker 256 tumors showed edema, congestion, and hemorrhage at 5 minutes post
      heating (PH), followed by suppuration, macrophage infiltration, and thrombosis at
      6 and 48 hours PH, and finally by regeneration and repair by 7 days PH. Vascular
      endothelial damage and parenchymal degeneration were present 5 minutes PH.
      Progressive injury occurred for at least 48 hours PH. Two hyperthermia treatments
      separated by a 30- or 60-min cooling interval, were applied to Walker 256 tumors
      in a subsequent study. Increased selective heating of tumor tissue versus
      surrounding normal tissue, and increased intratumoral steady state temperatures
      were found during the second hyperthermia treatment. Canine TVTs were resistant
      to hyperthermia damage. These results suggest that vascular damage contributes to
      the immediate and latent cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia in normal tissue and
      some types of neoplastic tissue, and that selective heating of neoplastic tissue
      occurs in tumor tissue with disrupted microvasculature.

PMID- 4016713
TI  - 14q+ abnormality with probable t(8;14)(q24;q32) in a young Haitian immigrant with
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and concomitant Burkitt's-like lymphoma.
AB  - Cytogenetic analyses were carried out in a young Haitian immigrant with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome and concomitant Burkitt's-like lymphoma associated with
      massive bone marrow infiltration. A characteristic 14q+ abnormality was found in
      all bone marrow cells examined. Although chromosome abnormality involving band
      8q24 was not evident in all the cells examined, some karyotypes show that the
      typical t(8;14)(q24;q32) is most probably present. No other complex
      rearrangements could be identified. This is the first report of concomitant
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Burkitt's-like lymphoma in the Haitian
      community. Our cytogenetic findings provide further evidence for the role of
      specific chromosomal rearrangements in Burkitt's-like lymphoma oncogenesis in the
      setting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4016714
TI  - Analysis of dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification in a methotrexate
      resistant human tumor cell line.
AB  - Detailed cytogenetic and molecular biologic studies have been performed on the
      human KB tumor cell line and four methotrexate-resistant subclones. Results are
      presented, demonstrating that the gene encoding the target enzyme dihydrofolate
      reductase is increasingly amplified in progressively methotrexate-resistant
      subclones, and that dihydrofolate reductase sequences are localized to a
      homogeneously staining region on chromosome 10q.

PMID- 4016715
TI  - Karyotypic evolution in multiple myeloma.
AB  - A patient with IgG kappa multiple myeloma was studied cytogenetically prior to
      therapy and was found to have a clone of 55,XX cells. After treatment leading to
      a clinical response, the patient relapsed with a clone of 57,XX cells, which were
      derivatives of the original neoplastic cell line. This is the first case of
      demonstrated clonal evolution of myeloma in a patient studied prior to
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 4016716
TI  - Chromosome analysis of three seminomas.
AB  - Each of three seminomas revealed chromosome #1 and #12 structural changes in
      direct preparations and short-term cultures. The #1 changes involved duplication
      of 1q and loss of 1p; in two, the breakpoint was in the heterochromatic region.
      The anomaly in #12 was a short arm isochromosome, usually present in duplicate.
      In one tumor, these were the only structural changes; in the other two, there was
      also involvement of #7, with extra copies of 7p. In one of these two tumors, a
      heterochromatic minute was identified after C-banding, and in the other, aside
      from two different markers containing part of #7, there was a dicentric derived
      from two chromosomes #15; this tumor proved to be prognostically unfavorable.
      Three normal chromosomes #1 and XXY sex chromosomes were present in each tumor.
      Chromosomes #11 and #13 were generally underrepresented, and #12 and #19-22 were
      over-represented.

PMID- 4016717
TI  - Increased levels of spontaneous and mutagen-induced chromosome aberrations in
      skin fibroblasts from patients with adenomatosis of the colon and rectum.
AB  - Fibroblast cell strains were established from skin biopsies taken from patients
      with adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) and their relatives. A total of
      57 different strains (33 from patients and 24 from healthy members of ACR
      families not at an increased risk for colon polyposis) were tested for their
      frequencies of spontaneous structural chromosome aberrations, i.e., chromatid and
      isochromatid gaps, breaks, and interchanges. In 47 strains (27 from patients, 20
      from controls), the frequencies of structural chromosome aberrations were also
      determined after exposing the cells to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine
      (MNNG). Both spontaneously and after mutagen treatment, the group of patient
      strains exhibited, on average, approximately twice the number of chromosome
      aberrations found in the control group. This increase was highly significant (p
      less than 0.001), even though there was a considerable overlap between patient
      and control strains. Treatment with MNNG led to a marked increase in chromosome
      aberrations in both patients and controls. The small differences in aberration
      frequencies seen between Gardner and other patient strains were clearly
      insignificant.

PMID- 4016718
TI  - Spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in patients with precancerous and cancerous
      lesions of the cervix uteri.
AB  - Chromosomal aberrations were studied in metaphases from peripheral blood cultures
      of 52 women with cancer of the cervix uteri, 89 cases of various grades of
      cervical precancerous lesions, and 47 age-matched normal (control) women. The
      frequency of metaphases with chromosome and chromatid aberrations was 17.24% in
      cancer patients, 10.41% in those with precancerous lesions, and 6.39% in control
      women. There was a significant (p less than 0.001) increase in the frequency of
      chromosome aberrations in patients with cervical precancerous and cancerous
      lesions, compared with controls. After the exclusion of the treated cases, cancer
      patients also revealed a highly significant (p less than 0.001) increase in the
      frequency of chromosome aberrations, compared with controls. The results of the
      present study indicate the existence of chromosomal instability in the majority
      of cervical cancer patients and in some cases of precancerous lesions. The
      increased frequency of spontaneous chromosome aberrations in patients with
      precancerous lesions may be of importance for the understanding of their
      biological behavior.

PMID- 4016719
TI  - Chromosomal studies in familial polyposis coli.
AB  - A study of five patients with familial polyposis coli did not demonstrate any
      structural abnormalities of prometaphase chromosomes from methotrexate
      synchronized peripheral blood lymphocytes. No chromosomal heritable fragile sites
      were observed, nor was sister chromatid exchange increased.

PMID- 4016720
TI  - Effects of noradrenaline on interstitial fluid pressure in induced rat mammary
      tumours.
AB  - Interstitial fluid pressure was measured by the wick-in-needle technique in DMBA
      induced rat mammary tumours during resting conditions and during noradrenaline
      infusion. The rate of infusion was chosen to increase the systemic blood pressure
      by 30-40 mmHg, known to result in a markedly increased vascular resistance of
      these tumours. During resting conditions tumour interstitial fluid pressure was
      10.3 +/- 1.3 mmHg (n = 13) but fell to 7.0 +/- 1.1 mmHg (n = 13) during
      noradrenaline infusion. The results suggests that noradrenaline is likely to
      affect the pre-capillary resistance vessels of the tumour vascular bed. This
      result, together with earlier perfusion studies, indicates that noradrenaline is
      unsuitable for increasing tumour cell perfusion as an adjunctive in radiation and
      cytotoxic drug therapy.

PMID- 4016721
TI  - Effect of tumour necrosis factor on growth of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in
      vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) suppressed the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumour
      (EAT) cells in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of EAT cells to TNF for as little as 4
      h totally abolished the transplantability of the tumour. At the same time, the
      rate of glucose uptake and extent of leucine incorporation were significantly
      reduced. Prolonged treatment with TNF resulted in extensive cell lysis, as
      determined by trypan blue exclusion and by release of radioactivity from
      [3H]thymidine-labelled EAT cells. The significance of these observations are
      discussed.

PMID- 4016722
TI  - Metabolic studies of 15N-labeled N-nitrosoproline in isolated rat hepatocytes and
      subcellular fractions.
AB  - The metabolism of the non-carcinogenic N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) was investigated
      in vitro using both S9 preparations and isolated hepatocytes from F344 rats. The
      studies were performed using 15N-labeled nitrosamine and the reaction mixtures
      were examined mass spectrometrically for the presence of 15N2 or other 15N
      labeled gaseous products. In addition, the metabolism of NPRO was monitored by
      capillary gas chromatography. The results indicated no 15N2 production from
      either the hepatocyte or S9 preparations, as well as no detectable loss of
      substrate from the reaction mixtures. Mass spectrometric analysis failed to
      reveal any metabolites of NPRO. The results suggest that NPRO may be refractory
      to the normal nitrosamine activating enzymes, confirming its suitability for use
      in human epidemiological studies of endogenous nitrosation.

PMID- 4016723
TI  - Phase I pharmacologic study of a new Vinca alkaloid: navelbine.
AB  - Navelbine (NVB) is a new semi-synthetic Vinca alkaloid selected on the basis of
      its affinity for tubulin. NVB inhibits the polymerisation of tubulin and it has
      significant antitumor activity on P388 and L1210 leukemias and some other
      experimental tumors. In the present study, 20 patients (9 carcinomas, 10
      lymphomas and 1 blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia) received a median of
      4 weekly i.v. doses of NVB. Two patients at least received each dose level: 3.6
      mg/m2 (1/10 of the LD10 dose/kg in BDF1 mice), 7.2, 12, 18, 32.4, 35 and 43 mg/m2
      per week. A total of 89 doses were administered. All patients had been first
      heavily pretreated and 17 of them had received a Vinca alkaloid. Leukopenia
      (neutropenia) was the dose-limiting toxicity. There was no thrombocytopenia.
      Leukopenia was dose-related and first seen at 32.4 mg/m2 per week. The maximal
      tolerated dose appears to be about 43 mg/m2. At that dose, 2 out of 3 patients
      developed severe leukopenia and neutropenia. One localized allergic reaction, one
      case of transient hepatic dysfunction, and 2 reversible peripheral neuropathies
      were seen. Pharmacokinetics, studied with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) method,
      suggested an elimination half-life of 30 h and a plasma clearance of 75 l/h. Four
      patients with Hodgkin's disease and two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, all
      of them refractory to vincristine (VCR) and/or vinblastine (VBL), showed minor
      responses lasting 2-8 weeks. They had received between 4 and 12 doses of 30 and
      43 mg/m2. We recommend for phase 11 trials the dose of 40 mg/m2 per week.

PMID- 4016724
TI  - Carcinogenicity of N-nitrosobis (2-hydroxypropyl) amine after administration to
      Syrian hamster skin.
AB  - Weekly application of N-nitrosobis (2-hydroxypropyl) amine (BHP) at a dose of 50
      mg/application to the skin of the neck and flank organ of male Syrian golden
      hamsters induced no local lesions. However, nearly all treated animals developed
      internal tumors, primarily of pancreatic, hepatic, respiratory and colorectal
      origins. Results from this and previous studies indicate that the local
      carcinogenic effect of nitrosamines depends on the molecular structure of the
      carcinogen, rather than on tissue specificity. Furthermore, some common types of
      human cancer could be induced by absorption of specific nitrosamines through
      skin.

PMID- 4016725
TI  - Induction of colon cancer in inbred Syrian hamsters by intrarectal administration
      of benzo[alpha]pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.
AB  - Large bowel neoplasms were induced in male Syrian hamsters of the inbred strain
      BIO15.16 by intrarectal instillation of benzo[alpha]pyrene (BP), 3
      methylcholanthrene (3-MC) or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Groups of hamsters
      were given 0.8 mg BP once weekly for 30 weeks, 0.8 mg 3-MC twice weekly for 30
      weeks, or 0.8 mg MNU once weekly for 15 weeks. The experiment was terminated
      after 1 year. The incidences of colon neoplasms were 6% with BP exposure, 20%
      with 3-MC and 95% with MNU. The colon neoplasms induced by BP and 3-MC were
      mostly adenocarcinomas. In the group given MNU, adenocarcinomas were also
      produced but a substantial incidence of squamous cell carcinomas was found. These
      results demonstrate that the colonic mucosa of this strain of hamster is quite
      susceptible to cancer induction.

PMID- 4016726
TI  - The non-lethal effects of ionizing radiation and hyperthermia on colony growth in
      a human bladder cancer cell line.
AB  - The doses of radiation and 43 degrees C hyperthermia required to produce 90%
      killing of a human bladder cancer cell line were determined using a classical
      colony assay. The growth rate of survivors was then described by carrying out
      colony-size analysis at sequential times after treatment. It was demonstrated
      that those cells which initially survive radiation frequently show sustained
      growth delay and that their progeny may stop growing after a few generations of
      cell division. After an 'equilethal' dose of hyperthermia there is transient
      growth delay but there is no long term loss of reproductive integrity in the
      survivors.

PMID- 4016727
TI  - Retinoyl-phorbol-acetate is a complete skin tumor promoter in SENCAR mice.
AB  - The semi-synthetic phorbol ester 12-O-retinoyl phorbol 13-acetate (RPA) was
      tested for activity as a complete tumor promoter, as well as for first or second
      stage promotion activity, in the skin of SENCAR mice. Unlike in NMRI mice where
      RPA has been reported to act only as a second stage promoter, in SENCAR mice it
      has moderate complete promoting activity as well as second stage activity. RPA
      also induces epidermal hyperplasia and an increase in the number of dark basal
      keratinocytes.

PMID- 4016728
TI  - High affinity rosette forming cells in carcinoma of the oral cavity, uterine
      cervix and breast.
AB  - Total rosette forming cells (TRFC) and high affinity rosette forming cells
      (HARFC) were enumerated in 534 patients with carcinoma of oral cavity, uterine
      cervix or breast, and the results were compared with adult controls. The HARFC
      levels were found to be significantly decreased in cancer patients, and this
      decrease was more pronounced in advanced clinical stages. The HARFC levels
      returned to normal in patients who had a clinical cure but remained low in
      patients having residual disease. Enumeration of HARFC may therefore be useful in
      assessing the cell mediated immunity in cancer patients.

PMID- 4016729
TI  - Mouse strain (STS/A) resistant to mammary tumor induction by hypophysial
      isografts.
AB  - Implantation of hypophysial isografts does not lead to induction of mammary
      tumors in all strains of mice lacking the exogenous murine mammary tumor virus.
      While O20, C3Hf, and BALB/c females are highly susceptible and C57BL and TSI
      females are of intermediate susceptibility, the STS females appear to be nearly
      totally resistant. The resistance of the STS strain is not due to failure of
      prolactin production by the hypophysial isografts and may therefore be due to a
      genetically controlled mechanism at target cell level. Neither resistance, i.e.,
      low incidence of mammary tumors (2% in STS), nor susceptibility, i.e., high
      incidence at low age (93% at 349 days in C3Hf; 83% at 360 days in BALB/c), is
      dominant. F1 hybrids of strain STS and the two strains C3Hf and BALB/c show high
      incidences (STS X C3Hf F1, 90%; STS X BALB/c F1, 60%), but the age at which
      tumors appear (476 and 604 days, respectively) is much higher, suggesting that
      more than one gene is involved in this type of hormonal carcinogenesis of the
      mammary gland in mice.

PMID- 4016730
TI  - Effects of hypoxia, pH, and growth stage on cell killing in Chinese hamster V79
      cells in vitro by activated cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Several factors which influence the sensitivity of Chinese hamster V79 cells to
      cyclophosphamide (CY) have been studied in vitro in both suspension and monolayer
      cultures. Activated CY was obtained from the blood of mice 15 to 30 min after
      i.p. injection of CY (400 mg/kg). At pH 7.4, hypoxia rendered the cells more
      sensitive to activated CY. At lower values of pH (6.6 and 7.0), there was no
      difference between the sensitivities of oxic and hypoxic cells, although cells in
      both conditions were more sensitive to CY than at pH 7.4. Drug sensitivity was
      markedly affected by the stage of cell growth. Monolayer cultures were most
      sensitive to CY within a few hours of plating. Cultures then rapidly became less
      sensitive, with maximum resistance occurring between 24 and 48 h after plating,
      while the cells were still exhibiting rapid exponential growth. This development
      of resistance parallelled the formation of small colonies (2 to 4 cells),
      implying that intercellular contact may confer resistance to killing by activated
      CY.

PMID- 4016731
TI  - Direct alkylation of 2'-deoxynucleosides and DNA following in vitro reaction with
      acrylamide.
AB  - Reaction of the rodent carcinogen acrylamide (AM) at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C for
      10 and 40 days with 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo), 2'-deoxycytidine (dCyd), 2'
      deoxyguanosine (dGuo), and thymidine (dThd) resulted in the formation of 2
      formamidoethyl and 2-carboxyethyl adducts via Michael addition. The alkylated 2'
      deoxynucleoside adducts isolated (% yield after 40 days) were 1-(2-carboxyethyl)
      dAdo (1-CE-dAdo) (8%), N6-CE-dAdo (21%) (via Dimroth rearrangement of 1-CE-dAdo),
      1-CE-dGuo (4%), 7-(2-formamidoethyl)-Gua (7-FAE-Gua) (6%), 7, 9-bis-FAE-Gua (1%)
      (formed by reaction of AM with depurinated 7-FAE-Gua during the course of the
      reaction), and 3-FAE-dThd (4%). The products isolated following in vitro reaction
      of AM with calf thymus DNA at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C for 40 days were (nmol/mg
      DNA) 1-CE-dAdo (5.5), N6-CE-dAdo (1.4), 3-CE-dCyd (2.8), 1-CE-dGuo (0.3), and 7
      FAe-Gua (1.6). Compound 3-FAE-dThd was not detected. Structures were assigned on
      the basis of chemical properties, UV spectra, and electron impact, chemical
      ionization, desorption chemical ionization, Californium-252 fission fragment
      ionization, and fast atom bombardment mass spectra. A facile hydrolysis of the
      amide group to a carboxylic acid was observed when AM alkylated a ring nitrogen
      adjacent to an exocyclic nitrogen atom. In previous studies, we had observed an
      analogous phenomenon when studying the in vitro reactions of acrylonitrile with
      DNA, i.e., a facile hydrolysis of nitrile to carboxylic acid when acrylonitrile
      alkylated (via Michael addition) a ring nitrogen adjacent to an exocyclic
      nitrogen. Since the nitrile group hydrolyzes to a carboxylic acid via an amide
      intermediate, we had hypothesized in the present study that the same facile
      hydrolysis of amide to carboxylic acid would occur under identical stereochemical
      conditions as had occurred with the nitrile group. Thus, in vitro alkylation of
      calf thymus DNA by both acrylonitrile and, in the present study, AM, resulted in
      mixed adduct formation.

PMID- 4016732
TI  - Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by variant mouse hepatoma cells.
AB  - Four mouse hepatoma cell lines, a parent (Hepa-1c1c7) and three variants (MUL12,
      BPrc1, and TAOc1BPrc1) which had been derived from Hepa-1c1c7 by the fluorescence
      activated cell sorter, were incubated with benzo(a)pyrene, and the metabolites
      were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Among these four cell
      lines, Hepa-1c1c7 and MUL12 metabolized benzo(a)pyrene the most quickly and to
      the greatest extent, and BPrc1 had the weakest metabolic activity for this
      substrate. TAOc1BPrc1 had intermediate benzo(a)pyrene-metabolizing activity,
      depending on cell density and incubation time. At low cell density, the active
      variant TAOc1Bprc1 resembled the weakly active Bprc1 in accumulating a low amount
      of ethyl acetate-soluble metabolites in the medium while, at high cell density,
      TAOc1Bprc1 resembled the parent clone Hepa-1c1c7 and the highly active variant
      MUL12. At short incubation times, TAOc1Bprc1 also had low conjugating activity
      while, at longer incubation times, the conjugating activity approached that of
      Hepa-1c1c7 and MUL12. At low cell density, Bprc1 was able to produce phenols, but
      this variant did not seem to have this ability at high cell density. When the
      substrate concentration was 4 microM and the incubation time was 24 h, beta
      glucuronidase treatment of water-soluble metabolites released about 5.3 times
      more pmol of quinones compared with phenols. But when the substrate concentration
      was 25 nM, beta-glucuronidase released about 2.0 times as many phenols compared
      with quinones. The parent and the two more actively metabolizing variants showed
      differences in the peak times of accumulation of 9,10-diol and 7,8-diol of
      benzo(a)pyrene, which may have implications for binding to DNA and nuclear
      proteins. It was concluded that BPrc1 has basal but not easily inducible aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, whereas Hepa-1c1c7, MUL12, and TAOc1Bprc1 have
      basal and inducible aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. These results show
      that variants of a single parent cell line can exhibit significant differences in
      the rate and extent of metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene.

PMID- 4016733
TI  - Migration of tumor cells to organ-derived chemoattractants.
AB  - Certain tissues contain unique factors which are chemotactic for metastatic tumor
      cell lines. Extracts of bone, brain, liver, and lung were tested for their
      ability to promote either the migration or the chemoinvasion, i.e., their
      penetration through a reconstituted basement membrane barrier, of various
      metastatic tumor cells. Using a modified Boyden chamber assay for chemotaxis, B16
      Br2 melanoma cells, which metastasize to brain, migrated most actively to brain
      extract. Lung-directed T241-PM2 fibrosarcoma cells migrated selectively to lung
      extract. Further, murine M50-76 reticulum cell sarcoma cells, which metastasize
      to liver and ovaries, were preferentially attracted to liver extract, and MCF-7
      breast adenocarcinoma cells with high bone and brain colonization potential were
      found to migrate most actively to bone and brain extracts. Partial purification
      of tissue extracts showed that the factors in brain and liver are of different
      molecular weights. These data suggest that tissue-specific factors in different
      target tissues attract tumor cells which home to those sites.

PMID- 4016734
TI  - Cell surface effects of adriamycin and carminomycin immobilized on cross-linked
      polyvinyl alcohol.
AB  - Previous reports have claimed Adriamycin to be cytotoxic to cultured tumor cells
      when the drug is covalently immobilized on a solid support, thus suggesting a
      cell surface mechanism of action for the drug. Although these previous reports
      attempted to rule out released drug or endocytosis of drug-support particles as
      alternative explanations for the observed cytotoxicity, a more thorough analysis
      is necessary to substantiate fully the cell surface idea. In the present work,
      the stability of the drug-support linkage was increased by use of cross-linked
      polyvinyl alcohol as the support and cyanuric chloride or a diazonium salt for
      attachment of the drug. Different anthracycline orientations were tested by
      coupling Adriamycin at the amino sugar and carminomycin at the D-ring. The
      Adriamycin cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol and carminomycin cross-linked polyvinyl
      alcohol preparations had much lower drug release rates than did the earlier used
      carbamate-linked Adriamycin cross-linked agarose materials. All three immobilized
      drug preparations inhibited the growth of L1210 or S180 clones following 2- or 20
      h incubation with cells at 37 degrees C. The results strongly support the concept
      that immobilized anthracyclines can be cytotoxic to cultured cells, for at least
      two different orientations of the drug on the support.

PMID- 4016735
TI  - Rational selection of adjuvant chemotherapy after cytoreduction surgery for
      murine neuroblastoma.
AB  - Improving the prognosis of advanced neuroblastoma remains an important yet
      unachieved goal of pediatric oncology, a fact which may be related to an
      insufficient analysis of the role played by cytoreductive surgery. Utilizing
      strain A mice bearing C-1300 syngeneic neuroblastoma, tumor biology and host
      immunocompetence were studied after cytoreduction surgery and adjuvant
      chemotherapy. Cell kinetic analysis in the residual tumor demonstrated an
      increase of the proliferative fraction 18 to 42 h after operation, but the same
      peak proliferation was delayed in bone marrow cells to 24 to 96 h. The potential
      for drug distribution to the tumor after cytoreduction surgery was assessed by
      injecting Na251CrO4 and measuring tumor uptake. There were two significant (P
      less than 0.05) peaks of activity at 6 h and 3 days, suggesting local edema and
      neovascularity, respectively. Injection of both cell cycle specific and
      nonspecific adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents in a dosage of one-fourth of their
      50% lethal dose at 24 or 72 h following surgical cytoreduction did not induce any
      antitumor activity at either injection time. However, when cyclophosphamide was
      given in this dose, the C-1300 tumor growth was impaired, an effect which was
      largely abrogated by first subjecting the tumor bearer to thymectomy and
      irradiation. The transfer of spleen cells from adjuvant cyclophosphamide-treated
      mice to tumor-inoculated normal mice significantly delayed tumor appearance when
      comparison was made with animals treated by operation alone, and such recipients
      also exhibited a more prolonged survival. These data suggest that the antitumor
      activity of cyclophosphamide following cytoreduction surgery of C-1300
      neuroblastoma is mediated by both pharmacological and immunological mechanisms.

PMID- 4016736
TI  - Effects of cimetidine, nitrite, cimetidine plus nitrite, and nitrosocimetidine on
      tumors in mice following transplacental plus chronic lifetime exposure.
AB  - Cimetidine (CM), a drug widely prescribed for ulcers, readily undergoes
      nitrosation to form nitrosocimetidine (NCM), a genotoxic agent. In a test of the
      chronic effects of NCM in mice, (C57BL/6 X BALB/c)F1 mice were exposed
      chronically to NCM (113 or 1130 ppm) in the drinking water from preconception
      through prenatal and neonatal development and adult life. Each group consisted of
      40 to 80 mice of each sex, and median survival time was 27 months. Other groups
      were given CM alone or in combination with NaNO2 (184 or 1840 ppm), or NaNO2
      alone. None of the chemical treatments had large effects on reproductive
      parameters, survival, or incidence of nonneoplastic lesions. CM treatment was
      associated with a small but significant increase in incidence of lymphomas in
      females, 41 of 59 (69%), compared with 31 of 66 controls (47%, P = 0.01). No
      females receiving either dose of NCM developed mammary carcinomas (0 of 91),
      compared with an incidence of four of 66 controls (6%, P = 0.03). Males given the
      high-dose combination of CM and NaNO2 showed a higher incidence of lung tumor
      bearers than controls (71 of 79 versus 30 of 52, P less than 0.01) and also
      experienced a significant, dose-dependent increase in numbers of large lung
      tumors (greater than 1 cm in diameter), lung carcinoma, and metastatic lung
      tumors. Females given the higher dose of NCM had significantly greater incidence
      of mice with large lung tumors than controls (nine of 41 versus three of 66, P =
      0.009). The possibility of carcinogenicity of cimetidine, nitrosocimetidine, and
      cimetidine plus nitrite is discussed.

PMID- 4016737
TI  - Inhibition of the mutagenicity of aromatic amines by the plant flavonoid (+)
      catechin.
AB  - Addition of the plant phenolic flavonoid (+)-catechin to rat liver microsomes
      inhibited the mutagenicity of the aromatic amines 2-aminofluorene and 4
      aminobiphenyl in the Ames test. Similarly, (+)-catechin decreased the
      mutagenicity of N-hydroxy-4-amino-biphenyl, the proximate carcinogen, but, in
      contrast, had no effect on the mutagenicity of other direct-acting carcinogens
      such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 9-aminoacridine. In vitro
      addition of (+)-catechin gave rise to a dose-dependent inhibition of the
      cytochrome P-450-dependent benzphetamine N-demethylase and ethoxyresorufin O
      deethylase activities. This was achieved by impairment of the electron flow from
      the reduced pyridine nucleotide to the cytochrome. However, administration of (+)
      catechin to rats had no effect on the in vitro mixed-function oxidase activities.
      It is concluded that the (+)-catechin inhibits the mutagenicity of aromatic
      amines in the Ames test by interfering with their cytochrome P-450-dependent
      bioactivation and by direct interaction with the proximate carcinogen, but the
      former mechanism is unlikely to occur in vivo because the high doses of the
      flavonoid required are not achieved.

PMID- 4016738
TI  - Metabolic oxidation of carcinogenic arylamines by rat, dog, and human hepatic
      microsomes and by purified flavin-containing and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases.
AB  - Hepatic N-oxidation and aryl ring oxidation are generally regarded as critical
      activation and detoxification pathways for arylamine carcinogenesis. In this
      study, we examined the in vitro hepatic metabolism of the carcinogens, 2
      aminofluorene (2-AF) and 2-naphthylamine (2-NA), and the suspected carcinogen, 1
      naphthylamine (1-NA), using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Hepatic
      microsomes from rats, dogs, and humans were shown to catalyze the N-oxidation of
      2-AF and of 2-NA, but not of 1-NA; and the rates of 2-AF N-oxidation were 2- to 3
      fold greater than the rates of 2-NA N-oxidation. In each species, rates of 1
      hydroxylation of 2-NA and 2-hydroxylation of 1-NA were comparable and were 2- to
      5-fold greater than 6-hydroxylation of 2-NA or 5- and 7-hydroxylation of 2-AF.
      Purified rat hepatic monooxygenases, cytochromes P-450UT-A, P-450UT-H, P-450PB-B,
      P-450PB-D, P-450BNF-B, and P-450ISF/BNF-G but not P-450PB-C or P-450PB/PCN-E,
      catalyzed several ring oxidations as well as the N-oxidation of 2-AF. Cytochromes
      P-450PB-B, P-450BNF-B, and P-450ISF/BNF-G were most active; however, only
      cytochrome P-450ISF/BNF-G, the isosafrole-induced isozyme, catalyzed the N
      oxidation of 2-NA. The purified porcine hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase,
      which was known to carry out the N-oxidation of 2-AF, was found to catalyze only
      ring oxidation of 1-NA and 2-NA. No activity for 1-NA N-oxidation was found with
      any of the purified enzymes. These data support the hypothesis that 1-NA is
      probably not carcinogenic. Furthermore, carcinogenic arylamines appear to be
      metabolized similarly in humans and experimental animals and perhaps selectively
      by a specific form of hepatic cytochrome P-450. Enzyme mechanisms accounting for
      the observed product distributions were evaluated by Huckel molecular orbital
      calculations on neutral, free radical, and cation intermediates. A reaction
      pathway is proposed that involves two consecutive one-electron oxidations to form
      a paired substrate cation-enzyme hydroxyl anion intermediate that collapses to
      ring and N-hydroxy products.

PMID- 4016739
TI  - Major urinary metabolites in hamsters and rats treated with N-nitroso(2
      hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine.
AB  - Rats and hamsters were administered a single dose of N-[1-14C]nitroso(2
      hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP), and their urinary metabolites were
      examined at various time intervals. In both species, urinary excretion of
      radiolabeled metabolites reached a plateau at 6 h following injection. At this
      time, 35 and 28% of the total dose was found in the urine of rats and hamsters,
      respectively. Separation by liquid chromatography and subsequent characterization
      by nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and infrared
      showed that the major metabolites in rat urine were HPOP, N-nitrosobis(2
      hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP), and their glucuronic acid conjugates. The conjugates
      accounted for 30 and 9%, while free HPOP and BHP accounted for 42 and 16% of the
      total metabolites, respectively. Hamster urine, on the other hand, contained free
      HPOP, BHP, their glucuronic acid conjugates, and a sulfate ester of HPOP not
      found in rat urine. Six h following administration of HPOP, hamster urine
      contained BHP, BHP glucuronide, HPOP, HPOP glucuronide, and HPOP sulfate ester at
      levels of 35, 9, 16, 9, and 14%, respectively. These data suggest that hamsters
      reduce HPOP to BHP more efficiently than rats, while rats are more effective in
      forming their glucuronic acid conjugates. Hamsters differ significantly from rats
      in their capacity to form and excrete the sulfate ester of HPOP.

PMID- 4016740
TI  - Temperature effect on mitoxantrone cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster cells in
      vitro.
AB  - The effect of heat on 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylamino]
      9, 10-anthracenedione dihydrochloride (DHAD; mitoxantrone, NSC 301739)
      cytotoxicity was studied in V79 Chinese hamster cells. An overnight exposure to
      the drug at 40 degrees C enhanced drug damage in chromosome aberrations, culture
      growth, and cellular reproductive integrity. Preincubation of cells overnight in
      medium containing no drug at this temperature also showed some enhancement in
      subsequent DHAD lethality (at 37 degrees C as well as 43 degrees C). Short
      exposures (1 h) to DHAD at 43 degrees C was more damaging than were exposures at
      37 degrees C. This was also true for cells in the plateau phase of culture
      growth. As compared with exponentially growing cells, plateau-phase cells were
      more resistant to DHAD.

PMID- 4016741
TI  - Mechanism of synergy between N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate and dipyridamole in a
      human ovarian carcinoma cell line.
AB  - Previous results from our laboratory have shown that the nucleoside transport
      inhibitor dipyridamole (DP) markedly augmented both the in vitro and in vivo
      activities of the pyrimidine antimetabolite N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA).
      In a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (2008), DP increased the activity of PALA
      by 1 to 2 logs in growth rate and clonogenic assays while exhibiting no
      cytotoxicity of its own. The concentration of DP used (1 microM) in these assays
      resulted in over 80% reduction in uridine uptake in the 2008 cells at the end of
      1 h. The activity of PALA and PALA plus DP was completely antagonized by the
      addition of exogenous uridine in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of other
      nucleosides to concentrations as high as 1000 microM failed to rescue the ovarian
      cells from the drug combination, and combining two nucleosides together did not
      antagonize PALA and PALA plus DP activity to any greater extent. Cellular
      nucleotide pool analysis by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography
      revealed that dipyridamole further reduced the already depressed uridine
      triphosphate and cytidine triphosphate pools of cells exposed to PALA, while the
      guanosine triphosphate pool was slightly elevated. Uridine supplementation
      resulted in partial replenishment of the uridine triphosphate and cytidine
      triphosphate pools, but the absolute levels remained below control values. The
      acute drug-induced changes in nucleotide pools in 2008 xenografts growing in
      athymic mice paralleled those observed in vitro. Evidence presented here supports
      the ability of DP to potentiate PALA activity against a human ovarian carcinoma
      cell line. The mechanism of synergy relates to the inhibition of pyrimidine
      salvage in the tumor cells via the blockade of uridine uptake.

PMID- 4016742
TI  - Microcirculation of hepatic nodules from diethylnitrosamine-treated rats.
AB  - The microcirculation of nodules (0.5 to 10 mm in diameter) from
      diethylnitrosamine-treated rats was studied in perfused livers. Microlight guides
      were placed on nodules and surrounding tissue on the capsular surface of the
      liver to measure fluorescence due to fluorescein-dextran (12 microM), a dye
      confined to the vascular space, infused via the hepatic artery and portal vein
      separately or simultaneously. The fluorescence increase due to fluorescein
      dextran infusion via the artery and vein simultaneously was used to compare
      vascular space in nodules with that of surrounding tissue. The vascular space of
      nodules less than 1 mm in diameter was only about one-half as large as that of
      surrounding tissue. In contrast, in nodules 1 to 2 mm in diameter, the vascular
      space was similar to values from surrounding tissue. This was largely due to an
      increase in the fluid entering via the artery. As nodules grew from 2 to 10 mm in
      diameter, the vascular space decreased as a function of nodule size to 40% of
      surrounding tissue. The sum of fluorescence increases due to fluorescein-dextran
      infused via the artery and vein separately always equalled values obtained from
      simultaneous infusions. From these measurements, the fraction of vascular fluid
      observed by the microlight guide that entered the liver via the artery was
      calculated. In tissue surrounding nodules, fluid entering from the artery was 19%
      of the total, a value approximating the fraction of fluid pumped into the liver
      via the artery (25%). The percentage of fluid in the nodule that entered the
      liver via the hepatic artery increased progressively to 100% of the total as
      nodules grew from 2 to 10 mm in diameter. Thus, nodules become increasingly
      dependent on the hepatic artery and less dependent on blood supply via the portal
      vein as they grow.

PMID- 4016743
TI  - Effect of diethylstilbestrol on the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange in
      vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The influence of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the SCE frequency was studied in
      various cell systems (V79, HTC, DON, WI-38, human lymphocytes) differing in their
      ability to metabolize the two promutagens benzo(a)pyrene and cyclophosphamide as
      well as after incubation with exogenous metabolic systems (S9 mix and
      peroxidase/H2O2) and in vivo on cells from the bone marrow of the Chinese
      hamster. DES concentrations from 10(-6) to 10(-4) M were tested. Slight SCE
      induction was observed only at the highest concentration (10(-4) M) of DES in
      human lymphocytes treated with DES for the entire culture period of 72 h and in
      DON cells. No increase of the SCE rate was determined in the other cell lines and
      in vivo. The combination with S9 mix or peroxidase/H2O2 also had no influence on
      the SCE frequency. These findings cast doubt on the assumption that DES is
      metabolized to a DNA-damaging compound subsequently leading to SCE induction. The
      positive findings in the SCE test are more likely to be products of an indirect
      and rather unspecific effect.

PMID- 4016744
TI  - Effects of organoselenium compounds on induction of mouse forestomach tumors by
      benzo(a)pyrene.
AB  - The selenium analogues of three known inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis were
      synthesized and the compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the
      induction of forestomach tumors in mice by benzo(a)pyrene. Groups of female CD-1
      mice were given NIH-07 diet, or NIH-07 diet to which one of the following test
      compounds had been added: p-methoxyphenol (30 mumol/g diet and 3.3 mumol/g diet);
      p-methoxybenzeneselenol (3.3 mumol/g diet); benzylthiocyanate (0.045 mumol/g
      diet); benzylselenocyanate (0.045 mumol/g diet); phenothiazine (3.8 mumol/g
      diet); and phenoselenazine (3.8 mumol/g diet). The test compounds were
      administered for 1 week prior to treatment with benzo(a)pyrene, during the 4
      weeks of benzo(a)pyrene treatment, and for 1 week after benzo(a)pyrene treatment.
      Twelve weeks later the mice were sacrificed and forestomach tumors were counted
      and confirmed histologically as papillomas. p-Methoxyphenol was the most
      effective inhibitor and was the only one which significantly reduced both the
      percentage of tumor-bearing animals and the number of forestomach tumors per
      animal. At the 3.3-mumol/g diet, p-methoxyphenol reduced the number of tumors per
      animal from 3.3 to 0.8 (P less than 0.0003). p-Methoxybenzeneselenol reduced the
      number of tumors per animal from 3.3 to 2.0 (P less than 0.05). Benzylthiocyanate
      showed no significant inhibitory effect, but benzylselenocyanate reduced the
      number of tumors per animal from 3.3 to 1.7 (P less than 0.01). Phenothiazine
      significantly enhanced the number of tumors per animal from 3.3 to 6.5 (P less
      than 0.004). Phenoselenazine had no effect on tumor induction. The results of
      this study indicate that two synthetic organoselenium compounds, p
      methoxybenzeneselenol and benzylselenocyanate, are effective inhibitors of mouse
      forestomach tumorigenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene.

PMID- 4016745
TI  - Comparative properties of five human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines.
AB  - We describe the derivation of three human ovarian carcinoma cell lines and the
      comparison of their properties with two previously described cell lines of like
      histology (SKOV-3 and CAOV-3). Two of the new lines (HOC-1 and HOC-7) were
      derived from separate ascites tumors (at 9-month intervals) of a patient with
      well-differentiated serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary. The third new line, HEY,
      was derived from a human ovarian cancer xenograft (HX-62) originally grown from a
      peritoneal deposit of a patient with moderately differentiated papillary
      cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. The cell lines demonstrated differential ability
      to grow in semisolid culture and as xenografts in immunologically deprived CBA/CJ
      mice. Dose-response curves were generated for clonogenic cell survival of cells
      exposed to common chemotherapeutic agents; one of the lines (HEY) shows a degree
      of resistance to the alkylating agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis
      platinum). Common karyological features included structural abnormalities of
      chromosomes 3 and 11. Heterogeneity of expression of ovarian tumor-associated
      antigens was documented.

PMID- 4016746
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against a component related to soluble estrogen receptor.
AB  - Mice were immunized with 1 to 3 micrograms of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor
      fragment purified from human myometrium by affinity chromatography. Two RE
      antibody-secreting clones were detected from one fusion that were capable of
      precipitating cytosol RE. Monoclonal antibody D5 (subclass IgG1) reacts with an
      antigen that is related to RE from immunoprecipitation studies but which can be
      separated from the hormone binding unit. In the presence of anti-mouse serum, D5
      precipitates labeled human cytoplasmic RE complexes from breast tumor, fibroid,
      myometrial, and endometrial preparations but does not react with nuclear RE from
      human endometrium or cytoplasmic RE from other species tested. Conversely,
      antibody C3 (Class IgM) precipitates human cytoplasmic RE and nuclear RE
      complexes as well as labeled cytoplasmic RE from rat and calf uterus and chick
      oviduct. Neither antibody reacts with progesterone receptor or androgen receptor
      from human breast tumor, SHBG from human plasma, or rat alpha-fetoprotein. With
      D5, steroid labeling of cytoplasmic RE at 25 degrees increased the RE immune
      complex precipitated. D5 precipitates molybdate-stabilized RE from myometrial
      cytosol when labeled at 25 degrees but not at 4 degrees. C5 precipitates
      molybdate-stabilized RE whether cytosol was steroid-labeled at 4 degrees or 25
      degrees. For D5, optimal precipitation of RE from human breast tumor was observed
      when cytosol was steroid-labeled at 25 degrees in buffers of pH range 5 to 6.
      Immunochemical studies indicate that D5 is associated with a Mr 29,000 component
      in RE-positive cytosols. Electrofocusing and sucrose density gradient analysis
      confirmed that D5 antigen is a non-hormone-binding component related to cytosolic
      RE from breast tumor and myometrium.

PMID- 4016747
TI  - Immunoradiometric studies with monoclonal antibody against a component related to
      human estrogen receptor.
AB  - A human specific monoclonal antibody (D5) raised against a Mr 36,000 cytosolic
      estrogen receptor component (RE) partially purified from human myometrium was
      used to develop a simple, rapid, and sensitive solid-phase immunoradiometric
      assay (IRMA) for the reactive antigen in tissue cytosols from breast tumors,
      myometrium, endometrium, and endometrial carcinomas. The IRMA did not detect
      antigen in RE-negative cytosols from human breast tumors and endometrial
      carcinomas. RE-positive cytosols from chick oviduct and calf and rat uteri failed
      to produce an IRMA response. A pilot study indicated a significant correlation (P
      less than 0.001) between D5 IRMA value and RE sites in breast tumors assayed by
      [3H]estradiol binding sites. The presence of D5 antigen was dependent on the
      presence of cytosolic RE but not progesterone receptor. RE-positive patients age
      50 years and over demonstrated significantly higher D5 assay values than did
      patients under 50 years. The data suggest that the D5 antigen is a component of
      the estrogen receptor or coordinately regulated with the receptor in human cells
      and that the assay method may have clinical use.

PMID- 4016748
TI  - Location and distribution of difucoganglioside (VI3NeuAcV3III3Fuc2nLc6) in normal
      and tumor tissues defined by its monoclonal antibody FH6.
AB  - The distribution of a novel difucoganglioside (6B ganglioside, NeuAc alpha 2---
      3Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1----3]GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1--
      -3]GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1Cer) in various normal adult
      and fetal tissues, as well as in cancer tissues, has been studied by
      immunoperoxidase staining with a specific monoclonal antibody, FH6, directed to
      this antigen. A large variety of embryonic and fetal tissues (stomach, colon,
      small intestine, pancreas, esophagus, lung, and heart) showed a diffuse, weakly
      positive staining, particularly in the epithelial layer, up to the 70th to 80th
      day of gestation. However, no staining was observed in various normal adult
      tissues, including gastrointestinal and glandular epithelial tissues which were
      stained positively by antibody N-19-9 (directed to sialyl-Lea) or CSLEXI
      (directed to sialyl-Lex). FH6-positive loci were limited to the proximal
      convoluted tubuli in kidney and granulocytes. In contrast, 44 of 76 cases of
      cancer tissue tested, including gastric, colonic, lung, breast, and renal
      cancers, showed clearly positive staining. The intensity of staining in gastric
      and colonic cancer tissues by FH6 antibody was weaker and less frequent, although
      the incidence of positive staining for lung (50%) and breast cancer (86%) was
      significantly higher than that of the antigen stained by monoclonal antibody FH4
      (Y. Fukushi, S. Hakomori, and T. Shepard, J. Exp. Med., 159: 506-520, 1984),
      which is directed to the asialo core of the FH6 antigen. The antigen levels in
      the serum of patients with various cancers, inflammatory diseases, and normal
      subjects were determined by radioimmunoassay. The antigen level was found to be
      significantly higher in the serum of some patients with cancer, particularly
      lung, liver, and pancreatic cancers, as compared with the serum levels in other
      types of cancer, noncancerous diseases, and normal subjects.

PMID- 4016749
TI  - Photodynamic therapy of intraocular tumors: examination of hematoporphyrin
      derivative distribution and long-term damage in rabbit ocular tissue.
AB  - Studies were performed to determine the distribution of hematoporphyrin
      derivative (HPD) in ocular structures and to characterize long-term damage
      associated with ocular HPD photodynamic therapy. Pigmented rabbits with an
      amelanotic melanoma heterotransplanted to the iris were used to obtain
      quantitative tissue levels of HPD as well as to document HPD localization by
      fluorescence microscopy. HPD was administered i.v., and tissue concentrations of
      HPD were determined by spectrofluorometry following porphyrin extraction.
      Vascular structures such as the tumor, iris, and choroid-retina as well as the
      aqueous fluid from eyes containing tumors demonstrated rapid HPD localization.
      The sclera had minimal HPD uptake, and the drug was not detected in avascular
      structures such as the lens or cornea. HPD was cleared from all ocular structures
      except the tumor and choroid-retina by 24 h following injection. Fluorescence
      microscopy data indicate that HPD remained in the avascular photoreceptor cell
      outer segments of the retina. Long-term damage was documented in rabbits which
      received HPD photodynamic therapy to a 1-sq cm area of retina via transpupillary
      light delivery. Acute damage to the exposed area of retina (in the form of a
      chorioretinal scar) could be induced. This damage was permanent but not
      progressive. Lens opacities were not observed, and the cornea, aqueous, and
      vitreous remained clear on all test eyes. The results from these studies suggest
      that HPD photodynamic therapy may provide a selective and safe approach to the
      treatment of ocular tumors.

PMID- 4016751
TI  - Dome formation by a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line (HCA-7).
AB  - A new cell line, HCA-7, has been established from a primary human colonic
      adenocarcinoma. The HCA-7 cells have an epithelial morphology by phase-contrast
      microscopy, they secrete carcinoembryonic antigen, and they form adenocarcinomas
      when injected s.c. into nude mice. HCA-7 cells retain some of the morphological
      and functional polarity exhibited by normal colonic epithelium. Cells form a
      polarized epithelial sheet when grown on tissue culture plastic in standard
      culture medium (Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium with 10% fetal calf
      serum). The cells were shown to be structurally polarized with sparse microvilli
      present at the apical surface but absent from the basolateral surface. Cells were
      connected by apical tight junctions and frequent desmosomes. Confluent monolayers
      of HCA-7 cells formed "domes" or "hemicysts" due to vectorial fluid transport
      resulting in fluid accumulation in localized areas of the monolayer. HCA-7 cells
      will provide a useful system for studying the role of hormones and other factors
      in the control of transepithelial transport and maintenance of cell polarity.

PMID- 4016750
TI  - Effects of structural modifications of antitumor antibiotics (luzopeptins) on the
      interactions with deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - Luzopeptins consist of two identical, substituted quinolines linked to a cyclic
      decadepsipeptide, with a 2-fold symmetry. Luzopeptin A, with two acetylated sites
      in its peptide ring, is active against several experimental animal tumor systems.
      Luzopeptin B (one acetylated site) is less active, and luzopeptin C (no
      acetylation) is inactive. Our studies showed that all three luzopeptins and a
      half-molecule of luzopeptin C exhibited similar fluorescence (400 to 700 nm, with
      a peak at 490 to 496 nm) with an excitation spectrum in the 200 to 450 nm range
      (with a peak at 250 to 252, 337, and 385 nm). The half-molecule had the strongest
      fluorescence, followed in order by luzopeptins A, B, and C. DNA binding quenched
      both fluorescence and absorption of luzopeptins. Studies of the DNA-induced
      fluorescence and absorption quenching and the drug-induced viscosity and gel
      electrophoretic mobility changes of DNA suggested that luzopeptin C was slightly
      more effective than luzopeptins B and A in both the bifunctional DNA
      intercalation and the drug-induced DNA-DNA intermolecular cross-linking. Thus,
      the lack of antitumor activity of luzopeptin C is not the result of the lack of
      interactions with DNA. The half-molecule of luzopeptin C (quinoline with a
      pentapeptide) and smaller fragments (quinoline alone or with one to four peptide
      residues) did not react with DNA. Thus, the planar quinoline chromophore alone is
      unable to intercalate with DNA. The peptidic cyclic structure of luzopeptins is
      essential for the bifunctional intercalation of the twin chromophores, probably
      by providing proper conformational orientations of the chromophores.

PMID- 4016752
TI  - Induction of heat shock protein synthesis in murine tumors during the development
      of thermotolerance.
AB  - The function of one or more heat shock proteins (HSPs) may be to confer
      protection of cells against thermal damage. We examined the induction kinetics of
      thermotolerance and the synthesis of HSPs in murine tumor models. Squamous cell
      carcinomas (SCC VII/SF) or radiation-induced fibrosarcomas (RIF) were implanted
      in the flanks of C3H mice. These flank tumors were first exposed to an elevated
      temperature (41 degrees-45 degrees C) for a fixed duration, for example, 43
      degrees C for 15 min. Some of the tumors were excised immediately, and tumor cell
      suspensions were made. The other mice with tumors were returned to the cages and
      left undisturbed for various times up to 72 h before being sacrificed. Again,
      tumors were then removed and tumor cell suspensions were prepared. These tumor
      cells were either challenged with a second heat treatment at 45 degrees C in
      vitro or labeled with [35S]methionine at 37 degrees C in vitro. The tumor cell
      survival after the combined heat treatments was measured using the in vitro
      cloning assay. The cellular proteins were analyzed by one- or two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. We found that mild heat shock induced thermotolerance in murine
      tumors, a result consistent with those of others. The kinetics of induction and
      decay of thermotolerance depended on the temperature and duration of the priming
      treatment. Mild heat shock also enhanced the rate of synthesis and accumulation
      of some HSPs during the development of thermotolerance. For example, after an
      initial treatment at 43 degrees C for 15 min, the rates of synthesis of HSPs with
      molecular weights 68,000, 70,000, and 88,000 were greatly enhanced in SCC VII/SF
      tumors when compared to unheated controls. Qualitatively similar results were
      seen with radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors. The rate of synthesis of Mr
      68,000 to 70,000 HSPs reached maximum value (300% of control value) 2 to 4 h
      after heat shock and decreased to the control value 6 to 24 h later. On the other
      hand, the rate of synthesis of actin, a major structural cellular protein,
      remained relatively constant throughout the 72 h of experiments. We then
      determined the relationship between the synthesis and accumulation of these HSPs
      and the expression of thermotolerance in murine tumors after a priming heat
      treatment. The data indicate that the levels of Mr 68,000 to 70,000 HSPs
      correlate well with thermotolerance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4016753
TI  - Hepatocyte surface molecule involved in the adhesion of TA3 mammary carcinoma
      cells to rat hepatocyte cultures.
AB  - To identify adhesion molecules involved in the formation of liver metastases, we
      prepared monoclonal antibodies against rat liver plasma membranes, that inhibited
      the adhesion of mouse metastatic TA3 mammary carcinoma cells to rat hepatocytes
      in vitro. Two such antibodies (designated OPAR-1 and OPAR-2) were obtained, that
      inhibited by over 70%. As assessed with gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting,
      these antibodies bound predominantly to plasma membrane proteins with molecular
      weights of 125,000 and 100,000. Using immunoelectron microscopy, the OPAR antigen
      was found to be abundantly present on the sinusoidal surface of hepatocytes, and
      in addition on contiguous hepatocyte surfaces and Kupffer cells, but was absent
      from sinusoidal endothelial cells. The tissue distribution and molecular weight
      indicate that the OPAR antigen is different from other hepatic adhesion
      molecules. Adhesion of MB6A lymphosarcoma cells was not inhibited by OPAR
      antibodies, indicating that these cells adhere to hepatocytes via a different
      surface molecule.

PMID- 4016754
TI  - Thermotolerance and profile of protein synthesis in murine bone marrow cells
      after heat shock.
AB  - In this study, we first investigated the survival of colony-forming units,
      granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM), after a single heat treatment. We then
      examined the induction, development, and decay of thermotolerance in CFU-GM.
      Finally, we analyzed the profiles of protein synthesis in the total murine bone
      marrow population during the development of thermotolerance. Several salient
      features emerged from our study: (a) granulocyte-macrophage progenitors were very
      sensitive to heat as compared to other mammalian cell lines; (b) CFU-GM can
      develop thermotolerance after both prolonged heating at 41-42 degrees C or an
      acute heat treatment at 43 degrees C in vitro; (c) thermotolerance in CFU-GM can
      be induced in vivo; the kinetics of development of thermotolerance in vivo is
      similar to that in vitro; (d) in contrast to other cell lines where
      thermotolerance lasts for several days, tolerance acquired by CFU-GM disappeared
      within 24 h, regardless of the temperature or duration of the initial heat
      treatment. The difference between the kinetics of systemic thermotolerance and
      thermotolerance in CFU-GM in the same animal model shows that bone marrow stem
      cells, or at least CFU-GM, are not the critical targets for systemic thermal
      death. When protein synthesis profiles of the heat-shocked bone marrow cells were
      compared to those from nonheated controls by one- and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis, the rates of synthesis of the Mr 70,000 and 87,000 proteins were
      shown to be enhanced during the development of thermotolerance. The enhanced rate
      of synthesis of these polypeptides lasted only 2-4 h and then returned to the
      control value.

PMID- 4016755
TI  - Effect of 3-methylcholanthrene on the development of aortic lesions in mice.
AB  - The effect of a carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), on the formation and
      growth of atherosclerotic lesions in mice was examined. Increasing doses of 3-MC
      from 15 to 1500 micrograms/kg increased the number and size of lipid-staining
      lesions in the aorta of AKXL-38a mice that were fed an atherogenic diet for 8
      weeks. The number of lesions per mouse was 0.85 +/- 0.19 (SE) for animals treated
      with 3-MC (150 micrograms/kg) compared to 0.10 +/- 0.10 lesions/mouse for animals
      given solvent rather than 3-MC. The progression of lesions over time from 5 to 18
      weeks showed that 3-MC-treated mice also differed from controls in the size of
      lesions. The total score per mouse at 18 weeks of atherogenic diet, based on the
      number of lesions and the size of each lesion, indicated by a score of 1 to 4,
      was 4.31 +/- 0.71 for 3-MC-treated animals and 2.67 +/- 0.74 for animals given
      solvent. The effect of 3-MC treatment could be observed at 18 weeks even though
      the entire dose of 3-MC was given during the first week on the atherogenic diet.
      These experiments do not distinguish whether 3-MC affects atherosclerotic lesions
      by acting as a mutagen or by some other mechanism. The composition of an
      atherogenic diet that produces lesions in mice without high mortality is given as
      well as a comparison of different methods of evaluating lesion formation.

PMID- 4016756
TI  - Antimicrotubule effects of estramustine, an antiprostatic tumor drug.
AB  - Estramustine [17 beta-estradiol 3 N bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamate; EM] is a stable
      conjugate of estradiol and nor-nitrogen mustard that is used for the treatment of
      human prostatic carcinoma. We have studied the cytotoxic effects of EM on the
      cytoskeletal organization of squirrelfish pigment cells (erythrophores) and human
      prostatic tumor cells (DU 145) in culture. Light and whole-mount electron
      microscopy studies reveal that, at microM levels (60 to 120 microM), EM has a
      dose-dependent disruptive effect on cell shape, cytoskeletal organization, and
      intracellular transport. Upon removal of the drug, the cytological effects of EM
      are rapidly reversible in fish cells but not DU 145s. Immunofluorescent studies
      reveal that EM produces microtubule disassembly in fish erythrophores and DU 145
      cells. A concomitant disruption of actin-microfilament arrays also occurs in DU
      145 cells. These morphological data suggest that EM, in contradistinction to its
      constituent estradiol: nitrogen mustard species, induces cytotoxicity as an
      antimicrotubule drug. The observed disruption of the microtubules and cytomatrix
      of interphase cells is not reversible in the prostatic carcinoma cells. The
      disruptive action of EM on the cytoskeleton could ultimately produce a cytotoxic
      antimitotic effect in dividing cells.

PMID- 4016757
TI  - Differential effects of ellipticine and aza-analogue derivatives on cell cycle
      progression and survival of BALB/c 3T3 cells released from serum starvation or
      thymidine double block.
AB  - 10-[Diethylaminopropylamino]-6-methyl-5H-pyrido[3',4':4,5] pyrrolo[2,3
      g]isoquinoline (BD-40) (NSC-327471D) is an aza-ellipticine derivative with a
      promising antitumor activity (M. Marty, C. Jasmin, P. Pouillard, C. Gisselbrecht,
      G. Gouvenia, and H. Magdalainat, 17th Annual Meeting of the American Society of
      Clinical Oncology, C-108, 1981) and less toxicity than ellipticine. We have
      compared the effects of ellipticine, several of its analogues, and two aza
      analogue ellipticine derivatives (BD-40 and BR-1376) on cell cycle progression of
      BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells under different growth conditions. Both drug series were
      found to stop cell growth and block cells in G2 phase in exponentially growing
      cultures and cultures released from a thymidine double block. Long-term viability
      of these cells was completely suppressed after a short exposure to the drugs. In
      contrast, while ellipticine and its derivatives caused identical effects in cells
      recovering from serum starvation, BD-40 and BR-1376 did not block cells in G2
      phase and did not prevent the completion of the first division round occurring
      after serum addition to quiescent cells. This transient refractory state was
      accompanied by a total conservation of long-term viability of these cells at
      least for the next 6 h following serum and drug addition. This lack of effect was
      not related to an impaired drug uptake by cells recovering from serum starvation
      or by a dramatic change in drug distribution inside the cells. These results
      indicate that the nitrogen substitution in the ellipticine heterocycle is an
      important if not unique feature for the particular effect of the aza-analogues of
      ellipticine. Furthermore, they suggest that, in contrast to ellipticine
      derivatives, these compounds require an activation step before exhibiting
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 4016758
TI  - Cancer occurrence in shipyard workers exposed to asbestos in Hawaii.
AB  - Because large numbers of persons were employed in United States shipyards during
      World War II, the long-term risks for cancer associated with asbestos exposure in
      this setting are of great concern. We report here on the mortality findings after
      up to 29 years of follow-up on a retrospective cohort of 7971 male Pearl Harbor
      Naval Shipyard workers, which included more than 3000 men whose employment period
      spanned the World War II years. Compared with the general population of Hawaii,
      workers in the shipyard cohort had no increase in total mortality or in total
      cancer mortality irrespective of the duration of their exposure. However, the
      risk ratio for lung cancer among workers with at least 15 years of asbestos
      exposure was 1.4 overall (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.0) and 1.7 for those
      with a latency interval of 30 or more years (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to
      2.5). In addition, seven mesotheliomas occurred between 1977 and 1982 in a subset
      of the cohort, consisting of 7029 Hawaii residents who are being followed
      prospectively for cancer incidence. This represented an incidence of 67.3 per
      million men per year, compared with a rate of 5.8 for the state as a whole. These
      results suggest that the long-term relative increase in risk for mesothelioma may
      be even greater than that for bronchogenic carcinoma in this and other cohorts of
      United States shipyard workers exposed to asbestos.

PMID- 4016759
TI  - Impaired immune function in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum.
AB  - The development of contact allergy in sun-exposed skin is markedly impaired in
      patients with xeroderma pigmentosum as compared to the responses in healthy
      control subjects. The degree of this immunological impairment is directly related
      to the severity of the cutaneous disease. These findings raise the possibility
      that sunlight-induced alterations of immune function may be involved in the
      marked susceptibility of these patients to the development of nonmelanoma skin
      cancer.

PMID- 4016760
TI  - Continuous infusion of high-dose 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine: a phase I and
      pharmacological study.
AB  - High doses of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, administered as a continuous
      i.v. infusion, were evaluated in a Phase I trial in 14 patients with advanced
      solid tumors. 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine was given at 250 mg/sq m/h for
      infusions of 12 to 36 h. The mean steady state 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine
      plasma level was 19.6 microM with a range of 9 to 59 microM. The principal
      toxicity was myelosuppression. An infusion of 18 h was well tolerated by most
      patients. A Phase II dose of 250 mg/sq m/h for 24 h can be used if platelet
      support is available. This dose schedule may be useful in the treatment of
      hematological disorders or in clinical combinations with DNA-damaging agents in
      the treatment of solid tumors.

PMID- 4016761
TI  - A nontoxic system for 41.8 degrees C whole-body hyperthermia: results of a Phase
      I study using a radiant heat device.
AB  - A Phase I study of whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) (52 treatments/12 patients) was
      completed with no significant clinical toxicity. The study incorporated a thermal
      dose escalation scheme from 39.5 degrees-41.8 degrees C for up to 151 min. A
      radiant-heat device was utilized for producing WBH. During WBH, patients were
      sedated; endotracheal intubation was not required. No changes in cardiovascular,
      respiratory, hematological, or biochemical indices requiring clinical
      intervention occurred during the study. We conclude the radiant-heat device
      coupled with a defined pharmacological approach to WBH with appropriate patient
      screening yields a system for 41.8 degrees C WBH which is safe and efficient, is
      not labor intensive, and does not require general anesthesia and endotracheal
      intubation. This system is appropriate for a multimodality approach to various
      systemic cancers.

PMID- 4016762
TI  - Generation of tumor cell-reactive human monoclonal antibodies using peripheral
      blood lymphocytes from actively immunized colorectal carcinoma patients.
AB  - The use of human monoclonal antibodies (MCA) in the detection and treatment of
      human cancer has been limited by the apparent scarcity of MCA to tumor cell
      surface antigens. Using peripheral blood lymphocytes from autologous tumor
      immunized patients, we isolated 36 MCA that react to sections of colorectal
      carcinoma. Twenty of these human MCA appear to be directed against cell surface
      antigens. Two-thirds of the human MCA-producing cell lines were diploid human B
      cells rather than human-mouse heterohybridomas. Direct antibody-binding assays
      performed with the MCA indicated that they recognized antigenic determinants
      preferentially expressed on tumor cells. Experiments with paired specimens of air
      dried, dissociated colon tumor cells and normal colonic mucosa cells suggested
      that the MCA bound significantly more to the cell surfaces of tumor cells than to
      the surfaces of normal colonic mucosa cells. Similarly, tests with a panel of
      cryostat sections of paired colon tumor and normal colonic mucosa showed that MCA
      bound to the tumor cells and not to the normal colonic mucosa. None of the MCA
      bound to cells from frozen sections of normal breast, stomach, liver, skeletal
      muscle, or skin. Furthermore, the human MCA did not react with carcinoembryonic
      antigen and human erythrocyte antigens as measured by various techniques. Our
      data also demonstrated that these transformed B-cells and hybridomas were stable
      producers of human MCA. Thus, our studies show that these tumor-specific human
      MCA may have the specificity and stability necessary for in vivo evaluation of
      their use in the detection and treatment of cancer.

PMID- 4016763
TI  - Biological nature of the effect of ascorbic acids on the growth of human leukemic
      cells.
AB  - The effects of L-ascorbic acid (LAA) on the in vitro growth of human leukemic
      colony-forming cells (L-CFC) were analyzed for all acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
      patients from whom bone marrow aspirates were received by this laboratory for
      cell culture study. Among 259 cases, 163 could be directly evaluated for LAA
      effect. L-CFC growth enhancement was noted in 53 (33%) and suppression in 28
      (17%), with overall 50% of patients affected by LAA. Among 34 normal bone marrows
      tested, none were enhanced by LAA while 8 (24%) were suppressed. While caution is
      needed in interpreting L-CFC suppression by LAA, L-CFC enhancement is clearly
      significant. Two isomers of LAA, D-isoascorbic acid and D-ascorbic acid, which
      have weaker antiscorbutic activity than that of LAA, also produced the L-CFC
      growth-enhancing effect, but to a lesser degree than that of LAA. A dose-response
      study also substantiated that D-ascorbic acid was definitely less effective than
      was LAA. Since D-ascorbic acid is the true optical isomer of LAA and has
      identical physicochemical properties as does LAA, this differential effect is
      clearly of biological nature. This study indicates that L-CFC growth suppression
      by LAA is observed in one-sixth of leukemic patients, L-CFC enhancement in one
      third of patients, and that L-CFC growth enhancement is a clearly significant
      finding with a biological mechanism as the basis.

PMID- 4016764
TI  - Workshop on ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygotes and cancer.

PMID- 4016765
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary origin: treatment with vindesine and
      doxorubicin.
AB  - Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary origin (ACUP) is a common oncologic problem for
      which there is no standard therapy. Forty-two patients with metastatic tumor were
      identified as having ACUP after extensive evaluation failed to reveal a primary
      site of disease. They were treated with an investigational chemotherapy regimen
      consisting of vindesine and doxorubicin. Of the 38 evaluable patients, six (16%)
      had major responses to chemotherapy. The median duration of response was 4
      months. The median survival of the responding patients has not been reached, but
      is greater than 8 months. The median survival of the nonresponding patients was 6
      months. Vindesine and doxorubicin were well tolerated. The major toxicity was
      leukopenia, with a median wbc count nadir of 2600/mm. We conclude that the
      combination of vindesine and doxorubicin has some activity in ACUP, but does not
      improve the response rate seen with other regimens.

PMID- 4016766
TI  - High-dose etoposide in the treatment of relapsed primary brain tumors.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with relapsed primary intracranial tumors were treated with
      high-dose etoposide (600-1000 mg/m2). All patients had received previous
      radiotherapy and 15 had had previous chemotherapy. The treatment was well
      tolerated, with little toxicity. Only one patient showed a partial response,
      which was maintained for 78 weeks. Four patients had stable disease, for a median
      of 15 weeks. Etoposide failed to show useful activity in relapsed brain tumors.

PMID- 4016767
TI  - Phase I study of divided-dose vinblastine in advanced malignancy.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with advanced malignancy received vinblastine as an iv bolus
      at 0 and 48 hours of a 21-day cycle. Divided-dose vinblastine may be given with
      acceptable toxicity in heavily pretreated patients; leukopenia and neuropathy
      were the dose-limiting toxic effects. One patient with breast cancer and one with
      ovarian cancer responded. Serum vinblastine levels with this program approximate
      those achieved by a 5-day continuous infusion of vinblastine in standard dose.

PMID- 4016768
TI  - Phase I-II clinical trial of thymidine, 5-FU, and PALA given in combination.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with advanced adenocarcinoma were treated with a
      combination of thymidine, 5-FU, and PALA. PALA (1 g/m2) was given on the first
      day, followed on the second day with 30 g of thymidine and 150-300 mg/m2 of 5-FU
      given simultaneously through two iv sites. Responses were seen in two of 17
      patients (12%) with colorectal adenocarcinoma. One response was complete and one
      was partial. The gastrointestinal tract and CNS were the sites of dose-limiting
      toxic effects. Myelosuppression was observed only at 5-FU doses of 250 and 300
      mg/m2.

PMID- 4016769
TI  - Metabolic effects of gallium nitrate administered by prolonged infusion.
AB  - Gallium nitrate was recently found to be effective treatment for resistant cancer
      related hypercalcemia. In vitro and in vivo experiments have suggested that the
      drug directly inhibits calcium resorption from bone; however, the overall effects
      of gallium nitrate on calcium balance were unknown. We have completed metabolic
      balance studies in four patients who received this drug by prolonged infusion.
      All patients were in positive calcium balance while receiving the drug. Each
      patient also showed a substantial decrease in urinary calcium excretion. Serum
      phosphorus decreased in all four patients. There was no change in phosphorus,
      sodium, chloride, or magnesium balance or in creatinine clearance. We conclude
      that prolonged infusions of gallium nitrate reduce urinary calcium excretion and
      that the hypocalcemic effect of this drug is primarily due to inhibition of
      calcium resorption from bone. Thus, the drug may prove useful in reducing
      accelerated bone resorption in patients with bone metastases or chronic cancer
      related hypercalcemia.

PMID- 4016770
TI  - Promotion of daunorubicin uptake and toxicity by the calcium antagonist tiapamil
      and its analogs.
AB  - Studies were performed with the anthracycline-responsive P388 murine leukemia
      cell line, and with P388/ADR, a subline selected for doxorubicin resistance. In
      the P388/ADR cell line, the observed 100-fold daunorubicin resistance is
      associated with an outward drug transport system which can be inhibited by
      several calcium antagonists, eg, verapamil and nifedipine. An examination of
      compounds related to tiapamil, a verapamil analog, has identified a structure
      which is tenfold more effective than verapamil at potentiating anthracycline
      accumulation and responsiveness in P388/ADR cells. At no nontoxic level of any
      calcium antagonist examined was it possible to wholly reverse the degree of
      daunorubicin resistance found in the P388/ADR cell line.

PMID- 4016771
TI  - Increased glutathione-S-transferase activity in a cell line with acquired
      resistance to nitrogen mustards.
AB  - A Walker 256 rat mammary carcinoma cell line (WR) resistant to bifunctional
      nitrogen mustards has been shown to have an approximate twofold increase in bulk
      glutathione-S-transferase activity compared to the parent cell line. Substrate
      specificity studies suggest that higher levels of Yb subunit contribute to the
      increased activity. By exposing WR cells to additional chlorambucil, either as a
      single concentration (50 micrograms/ml) or at 5 micrograms/ml for 10 days,
      transferase activity was further increased by up to three times the normal WR
      level. By using colony-forming assays, mitotic index depression, or trypan blue
      exclusion, the increased transferase activity could be correlated with an
      increase in resistance of these cells to either subsequent chlorambucil or a
      different bifunctional nitrogen mustard, phosphoramide mustard.

PMID- 4016772
TI  - Stability of the in vivo P388 leukemia model in evaluation of antitumor activity
      of natural products.
AB  - The stability of the P388 mouse leukemia model over 15 years was examined. Eleven
      natural products and one synthetic compound (5-FU) tested repetitively under the
      same conditions of dose and schedule were associated with no significant change
      in their activity. The P388 model, used in conjunction with other in vivo and in
      vitro tumor models, continues to be of value in the anticancer drug screening
      process.

PMID- 4016773
TI  - Phase I study of bisantrene in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - A phase I study of bisantrene using a daily injection for 5 days was undertaken
      in adult patients with relapsing acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Seventeen
      patients received 27 courses, with daily doses ranging from 75 to 250 mg/m2.
      Although gastrointestinal toxicity and alopecia were rare, hematological toxicity
      occurred in 85% of the patients. There was cholestasis unrelated to infectious
      events in 27% of the courses, as well as reversible renal failure in eight of 27
      evaluable courses. Responses (complete + partial) were obtained in 35% +/- 10% of
      the patients. The recommended dose for phase II study is 200 mg/m2/day X 7.

PMID- 4016774
TI  - Phase II study of elliptinium in advanced breast cancer.
AB  - A group of 74 patients with advanced breast cancer received elliptinium as second
      or third-line treatment (100 mg/m2/week). The objective response rate was 19%
      (30% in soft tissue metastases), lasting from 3 to 12 months. This drug appears
      to have no marrow toxicity. Mild to moderate nausea and mouth dryness were the
      most frequently encountered side effects. Hemolysis occurred in five patients who
      had an IgM antibody and represents the dose-limiting toxicity. Cumulative renal
      toxicity (World Health Organization, grade 2) was observed in one of ten patients
      who had received greater than 2000 mg of elliptinium.

PMID- 4016775
TI  - Phase II trial of diaziquone in advanced large bowel carcinoma in previously
      treated and untreated patients: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

PMID- 4016776
TI  - Subrenal capsule assay: feasibility of transporting tissues to a central facility
      for testing.

PMID- 4016777
TI  - Interferon and doxorubicin in renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 4016778
TI  - Phase II study of mitolactol in advanced malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4016779
TI  - Phase II evaluation of bisantrene in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 4016780
TI  - Acute cardiac failure from doxorubicin cardiotoxicity provoked in relation to
      second-look laparotomy.

PMID- 4016781
TI  - Combination of lomustine and cimetidine in the treatment of a patient with
      malignant glioblastoma: a case report.

PMID- 4016782
TI  - Acute ECG changes during cyclophosphamide infusion in a patient with bronchogenic
      carcinoma.

PMID- 4016783
TI  - Local toxicity from iv administration of Baker's antifol.

PMID- 4016784
TI  - 5-FU infusion in advanced colorectal cancer: a comparison of three dose
      schedules.
AB  - Ninety-four patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma were treated by
      continuous iv 5-FU infusion on three different dose schedules. Thirty-three
      patients received a 72-hour infusion of 5-FU (30 mg/kg/24 hours) every 3 weeks
      (Group A); 31 received a 72-hour infusion of 5-FU (30 mg/kg/24 hours) every 2
      weeks (Group B); and 30 received a 48-hour infusion of 5-FU (30 mg/kg/24 hours)
      every week (Group C). Although this was a sequential nonrandomized study of the
      dose schedules, the groups were comparable with respect to various prognostic
      factors. Response rates were as follows: Group A--three patients had minor
      response (9%) and 30 had no response (91%); Group B--five patients achieved
      partial response (16%), nine had minor response (29%), and 17 had no response
      (55%), and Group C--one patient achieved complete response (3%), eight achieved
      partial response (27%), five had minor response (17%), and 16 had no response
      (53%). The median survival time for Group A was 9 months, for Group B was 9.5
      months, and for Group C was 14 months. Intensifying the dose schedule of 5-FU by
      increasing the frequency of administration has significantly improved response
      rates. A prolongation of the median survival time of patients treated with a 48
      hour infusion at 1-week intervals was noted, although this was not statistically
      significant.

PMID- 4016785
TI  - Prospectively randomized toxicity study of high-dose versus low-dose treatment
      strategies for lymphoblastoid interferon.
AB  - It is unclear from preliminary laboratory studies whether a high- or a low-dose
      interferon treatment strategy is optimal. As part of an ongoing study of
      mechanisms of interferon action, we have evaluated toxicity in a two-arm protocol
      in which patients were randomly assigned to receive lymphoblastoid interferon by
      either a low-dose treatment strategy (2 X 10(6) units/m2 daily X 28 days then
      daily X 5 days every other week by im injection) or a high-dose treatment
      strategy (5 X 10(6) units/m2 by continuous iv infusion over 24 hours, escalating
      by 5 X 10(6) units/m2/day as tolerated over 10 days, repeated every 28 days). The
      main toxic effects in both arms were fever, fatigue, and anorexia. Marked
      interpatient differences within each dose arm were greater than differences
      between arms. Additional significant toxic effects included nausea and vomiting,
      hypotension, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and evidence of hepatic toxicity.
      Minor changes in serum electrolytes were noted. Coagulation studies were normal.
      The dose-limiting toxic effect for the high-dose arm was myelosuppression. Median
      maximum tolerated dose among high-dose strategy patients was 18 X 10(6) units/m2,
      but there was marked interpatient variation. We conclude that both dose schedules
      were relatively well-tolerated. Because of individual variation in tolerance,
      high-dose treatment should include a dose escalation strategy.

PMID- 4016786
TI  - Mitomycin and tamoxifen versus mitolactol, doxorubicin, and tamoxifen in patients
      with previously treated breast cancer.
AB  - One hundred thirty patients with previously treated advanced breast cancer were
      treated in a cooperative trial to investigate the effect of mitomycin plus
      tamoxifen (MT) and to compare its relative value to combination therapy with
      mitolactol, doxorubicin (ADM), and tamoxifen. An additional 76 patients who had
      had prior exposure to ADM were randomized to receive MT or MT plus
      fluoxymesterone. MT versus mitolactol, ADM, and tamoxifen was not significantly
      different in efficacy; however, there were significant differences in toxicity.
      This study showed that MT is an effective and acceptable second-line treatment
      for advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 4016787
TI  - Alternation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in cancer management. I. Summary of
      the Division of Cancer Treatment Workshop.

PMID- 4016788
TI  - Recombinant alpha-2 interferon in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - We treated 14 patients with hairy cell leukemia, 13 of whom had progressive
      disease, with recombinant alpha-2 interferon administered sc at 2 X 10(6)
      units/m2, three times per week. Thirteen patients were evaluable for response.
      All evaluable patients responded within 6-8 weeks. After a minimal treatment
      duration of 6 months and a maximal of 12 months, three patients have achieved
      complete response and ten have achieved partial response. With a median treatment
      duration of 10 months, the responding patients' hematologic parameters are
      continuing to improve, and no responding patients have relapsed. This outpatient
      self-administered regimen is well-tolerated, with mild fever, myalgias, and
      headache usually resolving within 2 months. Although the optimal regimen and the
      mechanism of action are unknown, recombinant alpha-2 interferon may be the
      treatment of choice for patients whose disease progresses after splenectomy or
      who are not surgical candidates.

PMID- 4016789
TI  - Phase I study of vinblastine and verapamil given by concurrent iv infusion.
AB  - Overcoming resistance to chemotherapy is an important goal in cancer treatment.
      In many systems, resistance to anthracyclines and vinca alkaloids correlates with
      a diminished intracellular content of drug. In P388 leukemia and Ehrlich ascites
      tumor, an active outward transport of anthracyclines and vinca alkaloids occurs.
      Calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil, inhibit this active outward
      transport and increase intracellular content of vinblastine and anthracyclines in
      cells resistant to vinca alkaloids and anthracyclines, respectively. We report a
      phase I trial of vinblastine (1.5 mg/m2 daily as iv continuous infusion X 5 days)
      in 17 patients and concurrent verapamil in escalating doses. Verapamil was
      administered as a loading dose (0.02-0.1 mg/kg) followed by a maintenance
      infusion (0.036-0.18 mg/kg/hour) for 5 1/2 days with continuous cardiac
      monitoring. There was no apparent augmentation of vinblastine toxicity when
      vinblastine and verapamil were given concurrently. ECG change was the dose
      limiting toxicity. At 0.12 mg/kg/hour, five of nine patients developed first
      degree heart block (mean P-R interval, 0.32 seconds; range, 0.23-0.52 seconds).
      Junctional rhythms were noted in two of 17 patients. Reversible nonspecific T
      wave changes were seen in four of 17 patients. Blood pressure and left
      ventricular ejection fractions (ultrasonic) were not altered. Five of 17 patients
      had wbc count nadirs less than 2000/mm3, and two of 17 patients had platelet
      count nadirs less than 100,000/mm3. Four patients experienced neurotoxicity. A
      mean vinblastine concentration of 2.2 ng/ml (0.55 nM) and a mean verapamil
      concentration of 290 ng/ml (0.45 microM) were achieved with the concurrent 5-day
      infusion. The tolerable levels of verapamil obtained appear to be less than those
      which were reported to inhibit vinblastine efflux in vitro. Additional in vitro
      experiments at the tolerable doses of vinblastine and verapamil are recommended.

PMID- 4016790
TI  - Phase I clinical trial of mitozolomide.
AB  - Mitozolomide (NSC-353451; CCRG 81010; M and B 39565) is a novel potential
      anticancer agent that was selected for phase I study on the basis of broad
      spectrum activity in mouse tumors. Initially, mitozolomide was given iv as a
      short infusion to 37 patients in doses ranging from 8 to 153 mg/m2. Nausea and
      vomiting was dose-related but was not severe. The dose-limiting toxic effect was
      thrombocytopenia at doses greater than 115 mg/m2, and recovery from the
      thrombocytopenia was delayed up to 8 weeks. Partial responses were seen in two
      patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary. The pharmacokinetics of mitozolomide
      showed that the half-life of the intact drug in the plasma was between 1 and 1.3
      hours. The area under the curve was proportional to the dose administered.
      Mitozolomide is well-absorbed; therefore, future studies are recommended using a
      single-dose schedule orally or iv. In the phase I study reported here, a dose of
      115 mg/m2 appeared to be safe, but additional studies have shown that when given
      orally to an older population, most patients experienced thrombocytopenia less
      than 50,000 cells/mm3. The recommended dose using current data is 90 mg/m2 iv or
      orally.

PMID- 4016791
TI  - Phase II trial of lymphoblastoid interferon in metastatic malignant melanoma.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with metastatic malignant melanoma, some of whom had
      received previous chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy, were entered in a
      trial of three different doses and schedules of administration of lymphoblastoid
      alpha interferon. The overall response rate was 9%; some patients had long
      lasting response and two achieved complete response. There was no clear advantage
      to any one regimen. Dose-related flu-like syndrome, granulocytopenia,
      hepatocellular enzyme elevation, and anemia were observed as the most common
      toxic effects. Interferon deserves further study in the treatment of malignant
      melanoma.

PMID- 4016792
TI  - Phase II study of human lymphoblastoid interferon in patients with advanced renal
      carcinoma.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with measurable metastatic renal carcinoma were treated with
      human alpha lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon) (3 million units/m2 of body
      surface area) im three times a week for 6 weeks; 21 were evaluable for response
      and toxicity. One patient had a partial regression of disease lasting 39 weeks
      and another had a minor response. Six patients had partial or minor response in
      one area but no change in the disease elsewhere (mixed response); they were
      classified as having stable disease. An additional seven patients had no change
      in measurable disease and in six the disease progressed. The tumor regressions by
      metastatic site were four of 14 patients, pulmonary; three of four, soft tissue;
      one of nine, bone (? soft tissue); none of three, mediastinal; none of four,
      renal; none of five, liver; and none of ten, other abdominal sites of tumor. The
      side effects were fever (101 degrees F-103 degrees F), chills, malaise, anorexia,
      minor (10%-20%) decrease in performance status, and weight loss. We concluded
      that interferon had some activity against metastatic renal carcinoma, although
      clinically useful responses were quite infrequent. While lung metastases appeared
      to be more responsive than those at other sites, careful examination of the data
      suggests that this simply reflects differences in the bulk of the metastatic
      disease. Smaller metastases appear more likely to respond than bulky metastases.

PMID- 4016793
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic and enzyme-inhibition assays of
      methotrexate concentrations in serum from patients receiving high-dose therapy:
      tight binding of some methotrexate to a protein that could be dihydrofolate
      reductase.
AB  - In the serum of patients receiving high-dose methotrexate (MTX), concentrations
      of the drug were monitored using both high-performance liquid chromatographic
      (HPLC) and enzyme-inhibition assays. In samples obtained greater than or equal to
      24 hours after drug application, the HPLC assay measured higher MTX
      concentrations than the enzyme-inhibition assay. In 72-hour samples, the increase
      was usually greater than 200%. This difference was not observed in serum spiked
      with MTX. While the HPLC assay needs sample cleanup, ie, protein precipitation,
      the enzyme-inhibition assay routinely employs native serum. When MTX was measured
      in the supernatant with the enzyme inhibition assay, the results equaled those
      obtained with the HPLC procedure. In patient serum, MTX eluted from a Sephadex G
      75 column in two fractions. One had the same retention volume as free MTX and
      could be assayed directly. The other had a retention volume like dihydrofolate
      reductase. In this fraction, MTX could only be determined after denaturing
      proteins. Only small amounts of tightly bound MTX were found in the serum of
      patients on intermediate-dose therapy (500-600 mg/m2). The observation that after
      high-dose MTX therapy part of the MTX in patient serum is strongly bound to a
      protein which could be DHFR raises the question as to the source and fate of this
      complex. Furthermore, the present finding has clinical relevance to the extent
      that the accepted limits for risk of MTX toxicity are based on methods using
      native serum. However, any procedure employing protein precipitation for sample
      cleanup may grossly overestimate active MTX serum concentrations, especially in
      the 72-hour serum samples.

PMID- 4016794
TI  - Deoxyguanosine enhancement of cytarabine nucleotide accumulation in human
      leukemia cells.
AB  - We studied the effect of deoxyguanosine (dGuo) on cellular cytarabine (ara-C)
      nucleotide accumulation of the human leukemia cell line K562 and of bone marrow
      blast cells derived from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Exposure of
      cells in culture to dGuo increased ara-C nucleotide accumulation measured in cell
      lysate, with an average increase of 386% (range, 242%-537%) of control in the
      presence of 500 microM dGuo. Maximal elevation occurred after 8 hours of exposure
      and remained constant through 48 hours. dGuo also enhanced deoxycytidine
      nucleotide accumulation, but dGuo enhancement favored accumulation of ara-C
      nucleotides over dCyd nucleotides. In cell cycle kinetic studies using flow
      cytometry, dGuo slowed accumulation of cells with apparent S-phase DNA content in
      a concentration-dependent fashion. However, neither the rate nor the magnitude of
      this effect correlated with the increase in ara-C nucleotide accumulation. Since
      the increase in ara-C nucleotide accumulation caused by dGuo could be prevented
      by 5 micrograms/ml of cycloheximide, this process appears to require new protein
      synthesis. Although these data suggest that the elevation of ara-C nucleotide
      accumulation caused by dGuo may represent induction of enzyme synthesis, other
      possibilities are discussed. Exposure of bone marrow blast cells obtained from
      patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia to dGuo for 16 hours in liquid
      culture also increased ara-C nucleotide accumulation. In six of seven studies,
      exposure to dGuo in concentrations from 50 to 500 microM increased ara-C
      nucleotide accumulation from 160% to 3400%. These data suggest that dGuo may
      alter ara-C metabolism in a clinically useful fashion.

PMID- 4016795
TI  - Continuous infusion of vinblastine for advanced hormone-refractory prostate
      cancer.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with metastatic prostate cancer refractory to hormonal
      manipulation were treated with vinblastine by continuous infusion. The dose was
      1.5 mg/m2 daily for 5 days. A 21% response rate was obtained. Eight patients, two
      with visceral metastasis, one with nodal disease, and five with osseous
      metastasis achieved objective response. The median duration of response was 28
      weeks. Myelosuppression was the major side effect: the median leukocyte count
      nadir was 2.8 X 10(3)/ml and the median platelet count nadir was 184 X 10(3)/ml.

PMID- 4016796
TI  - Cyclophosphamide/etoposide: effective reinduction therapy for children with acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia in relapse.
AB  - Reinduction therapy consisting of cyclophosphamide (250 mg/m2 orally daily for 4
      days) followed by etoposide (250 mg/m2 iv daily for 3 days) was administered to
      14 children with refractory or recurrent acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Five
      complete remissions were achieved in eight patients who had relapsed in the bone
      marrow 1-27 months after cessation of initial therapy, which included
      anthracyclines, cytarabine, etoposide, and 5-azacitidine. Reinduction attempts
      were unsuccessful in patients who had failed to achieve an initial remission and
      in those whose relapses occurred while receiving therapy. Toxicity, including
      myelosuppression and mucositis, was within acceptable limits. This drug
      combination deserves further assessment in therapeutic protocols for patients
      with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 4016797
TI  - Recombinant leukocyte alpha interferon in advanced ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Recombinant leukocyte alpha interferon (rIFN-alpha A; Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc) was
      administered to 15 patients with recurrent or persistent ovarian carcinoma. All
      patients had been previously treated with surgery and combination chemotherapy
      including cyclophosphamide (15 patients), doxorubicin (14), and cisplatin (14).
      Three patient had also previously undergone radiation therapy. At the start of
      therapy the largest tumor size was less than or equal to 2 cm in four patients
      and greater than 2 cm in 11. Interferon was administered in three times weekly
      for 8 weeks at a dose of 20 X 10(6) units/m2, with average drug levels of 2267
      pg/ml 6 hours after im injection. In three patients (20%), the dose had to be
      reduced by 50% because of drug toxicity. Side effects included fever (greater
      than 101 degrees F) in 12 patients, fatigue in ten, headache in two, diarrhea in
      two, and reversible myelosuppression in five. Of the 15 patients, one had mixed
      response lasting 12 weeks, two had stable disease of 8 weeks' duration, and 12
      had disease progression.

PMID- 4016798
TI  - Phase II trial of elliptinium in advanced renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Forty patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were treated with elliptinium
      by a weekly infusion of 100 mg/m2. Of 38 evaluable patients, five had an
      objective response (13.2%). Average response duration was 8 months (range, 5-11).
      The major dose-limiting toxic effect was induction of antielliptinium antibodies,
      with the risk of intravascular hemolysis. Elliptinium has modest activity in
      advanced renal cell cancer and does not produce myelosuppression.

PMID- 4016799
TI  - Phase II evaluation of melphalan in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.

PMID- 4016800
TI  - Phase II clinical trial of diaziquone in bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 4016801
TI  - Difficulty of interpreting disease-free interval curves when substantial numbers
      of patients die in remission.

PMID- 4016802
TI  - Extensive tissue ulceration due to apparent sensitivity reactions to mitomycin.

PMID- 4016803
TI  - Chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer.

PMID- 4016804
TI  - Transcatheter thrombolysis in cancer patients.
AB  - Arterial thrombolysis was successfully accomplished in 15 of 18 (83%) cancer
      patients by the continuous intraarterial transcatheter administration of
      streptokinase (70 units/kg/h or 5000 u/h and/or urokinase (400-500 u/kg/h) over
      24-96 h. In 16 of these patients, the arterial thrombosis was a complication of
      transcatheter infusion of chemotherapeutic agents or embolization therapy. A
      combination of streptokinase, urokinase and heparin (10,000-25,000 U/day) was
      utilized without significant side effect and was effective in all 8 patients
      receiving treatment. Creating a tunnel through the clot, daily monitoring of the
      catheter with repositioning when necessary, and adjusting the type and dose of
      thrombolytic agent aided the therapeutic management.

PMID- 4016805
TI  - Intraarterial ethanol as a long-term occlusive agent in renal, hepatic, and
      gastrosplenic arteries of pigs.
AB  - The renal, hepatic, or gastrosplenic arteries of eleven juvenile pigs were
      selectively injected intraarterially with 95% ethanol to evaluate its efficacy as
      an agent for use in permanent occlusion and infarction of the vascular bed
      supplied by the injected artery. A dose of 2.2 cc/5 kg (1 cc/5 lb) of 95% ethanol
      was injected over 30-45 sec. The animals were then killed at 1 to 91 days and all
      pigs demonstrated tissue infarction and vascular occlusion. Our results confirm
      that ethanol is an effective agent for the infarction of organs and that
      complications can result if catheter placement is not precise and normal tissue
      is inadvertently perfused.

PMID- 4016806
TI  - Emphysematous cholecystitis as a complication of hepatic arterial embolization.
AB  - We describe a case of emphysematous cholecystitis that developed 2 weeks after
      hepatic arterial embolization. Angiographers should be alert to the possibility
      of this complication developing under conditions when the cystic artery is not
      visualized on the post embolization arteriogram while present on the diagnostic
      study before embolization.

PMID- 4016807
TI  - Hemorrhagic renal angiomyolipoma: superselective renal arterial embolization for
      preservation of renal function.
AB  - A 35-year-old woman with tuberous sclerosis and known bilateral renal
      angiomyolipomas presented with shock due to massive hematuria arising from the
      left kidney. The cause of bleeding was diagnosed angiographically as arising from
      a left upper pole renal artery aneurysm within the tumor. Cessation of bleeding
      and clinical stabilization occurred without deterioration of renal function after
      superselective embolization of the dorsal segmental renal artery with a single 5
      mm Gianturco coil.

PMID- 4016808
TI  - Long-term results after sclerotherapy of the spermatic vein in patients with
      varicocele.
AB  - Ninety-seven patients received transfemoral sclerotherapy of the spermatic vein
      for varicocele. After observation for 2 to 5 years, follow-up was available in 69
      patients (71.2%), in 11 of whom the procedure failed (16.0%). Complications
      during angiography (N = 12, 12.4%) or sclerotherapy (N = 31, 32.0%) did not
      require hospital treatment. At least one parameter of the spermiogram was
      improved in 25 of 32 patients (78.1%). Forty-four of 69 patients (63.8%) treated
      because of a childless marriage, and whose wives were not known to be infertile,
      had a pregnancy rate of 47.7%. Thi method may be considered equal to surgical
      procedures in achieving venous occlusion; furthermore it is simple and can be
      used on an outpatient basis without anesthesia.

PMID- 4016809
TI  - Liver necrosis after hepatic dearterialization in pigs.
AB  - In nine pigs, the livers were dearterialized by a combination of distal occlusion
      of the hepatic artery with Ivalon (polyvinyl alcohol foam) particles of 150-250
      mu and proximal occlusion of the common hepatic artery with Gianturco coils.
      Necrosis of at least 90% of the liver developed in eight pigs. One pig with less
      extensive liver necrosis had developed an effective collateral circulation to a
      large part of the liver. Patency of the portal venous system did not prevent
      extensive infarction of dearterialized liver tissue.

PMID- 4016810
TI  - Volumetric analysis of right ventricular cadaver models viewed in axially angled
      projections.
AB  - Axial cinematography of 15 cadaver cast models of the right ventricle was
      performed, using 16 different real and simulated single and biplane axial oblique
      projections. Heart volumes were then calculated by Dodge's area-length method and
      Ferlinz' method. In our volumetric studies of models, the smallest positive
      deviation from real volumes was 3.7% with the simulated long-axis projection
      (SLP2), evaluated from the frontal plane and calculated by the area-length
      method. Volumetric determinations of most usefulness, as ranked by mean
      differences and mean quadratic deviations, were achieved with the simulated long
      axis projection, (SLP1--ranked third and SLP2--ranked first), evaluated from the
      frontal plane and calculated by Dodge's method; with biplane orientation and
      calculation by Ferlinz' method (SLP1 + SLP1C1-- ranked seventh, deviation from
      real volumes was 23%, SLP2 + SLP2C2--ranked fourth). We found that single-plane
      hepatoclavicular projection (HCP--ranked second and fifth), calculated by Dodge's
      or Ferlinz' method, as well as single-plane sitting-up projection (SUP--ranked
      sixth), calculated by the area-length method, were also acceptable for right
      ventricular volume measurements.

PMID- 4016811
TI  - Mapping of activation changes within the acutely ischaemic canine specialised
      conduction system.
AB  - Ligation of the anterior septal artery was used to produce acute ischaemia of the
      specialised conduction system in ten dogs. Activation times at selected positions
      within the specialised conduction system were recorded. Marked delays of
      activation occurred between several discrete anatomic sites within the
      specialised conduction system. This study demonstrates that extremely slow
      conduction is common in localised areas of the acutely ischaemic infra-nodal
      conduction system. Heterogeneity of myocardial activation secondary to changes of
      speed of the conduction during acute septal ischaemia is postulated as a
      mechanism facilitating the occurrence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 4016812
TI  - Intrathoracic and abdominal pressure variations as an efficient method for
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation: studies in dogs compared with computer model
      results.
AB  - Intrathoracic pressure variations are currently proposed as the main flow
      generation mechanisms in standard and modified cardiopulmonary resuscitation
      (CPR) techniques. A method of changing pressure within the thorax and abdomen
      without any degree of heart compression was developed and tested in dogs.
      Intrathoracic and abdominal pressure waves were induced by cyclic inflation and
      deflation of the lungs and of perithoracic and periabdominal balloons. Various
      modes of CPR, depending on the rate of cycling, the use of a periabdominal
      balloon inflation, and a delay between the abdominal and thoracic pressure waves,
      were studied during ventricular fibrillation. During artificial systole (high
      intrathoracic pressure phase), the pressure which developed in the right
      ventricle (96.7 +/- 20.5 mmHg) was higher than the pressure in the aorta (89.3 +/
      20.5 mmHg, p less than 0.001). In artificial diastole (low intrathoracic
      pressure phase), the right ventricular pressure (11.7 +/- 2.6 mmHg) was lower
      than the aortic pressure (17.5 +/- 3.3 mmHg, p less than 0.001). The average flow
      in the carotid artery was 21.7 +/- 7.8 ml . min-1, which was 18 +/- 6% of the
      baseline carotid flow before CPR. Three different factors were found to improve
      the efficiency of CPR: periabdominal balloon inflation simultaneous with the
      intrathoracic pressure waves; increased frequency of the pressure waves from 60
      to 100 cycles per minute; and inflation of the periabdominal balloon 50 to 100 ms
      before the thoracic balloon. Blood-gas and acid-base balance analysis during CPR
      revealed well-oxygenated arterial blood with a marked respiratory alkalosis and a
      slowly developing metabolic acidosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016813
TI  - Morphometric study of the total and perfused arteriolar and capillary network of
      the rabbit left ventricle.
AB  - A method has been developed to simultaneously and regionally determine several
      morphometric indices of both the total and perfused arteriolar and capillary beds
      of the rabbit heart on a quantitative basis. A high molecular weight fluorescein
      isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran, was injected into the femoral vein of an
      anaesthetised open chest rabbit. The hearts were removed and frozen in liquid N2
      within 14 s after this injection. Sections, 2 micrometers thick, were obtained
      from the left ventricular wall and the fluorescence photographed to detect
      perfused arterioles and capillaries. The sections were then stained to visualise
      the total arteriolar and capillary network. Standard morphometric techniques were
      employed to study the total and perfused microvasculature. The method was
      validated to show that it did not alter the microvasculature of the heart, that
      both the total and perfused microvasculature could be visualised, and that there
      was little tissue shrinkage. The study found no significant subepicardial vs
      subendocardial differences in either the total or perfused capillary of
      arteriolar networks. The total capillary bed had very much larger morphometric
      indices than the total arteriolar bed. The percentage of the microvasculature
      perfused ranged from 55 to 64% of the capillary and 51 to 56% of the arteriolar
      beds for the various indices. Thus at least a part of the control of capillary
      perfusions is at the level of the arteriole. There was an almost twofold
      functional reserve in the microvasculature of the heart which could be mobilised
      by asphyxia.

PMID- 4016814
TI  - Effects of verapamil on the extracellular K+ rise during myocardial ischaemia in
      dogs.
AB  - The effects of verapamil on the [K+]o rise produced by myocardial ischaemia were
      assessed in 26 open chest mongrel dogs. Ischaemia was produced by intermittent
      occlusion of the LAD artery (15 dogs) or by reduction of flow of the cannulated
      LAD (11 dogs). Specially constructed valinomycin K+ sensitive electrodes were
      inserted into the mid myocardium in the central zone of ischaemia (CZ); in the
      margin (MZ) and in the nonischaemic zone (NZ). Occlusion of the coronary artery
      under controlled conditions produced significant [K+]o rise, greater in the CZ
      than in the MZ. During the infusion of verapamil the ischaemic [K+]o rise was
      substantially reduced in both zones. During controlled 75% reduction of coronary
      flow the [K+]o reached a plateau that remained stable until reperfusion was re
      established. During verapamil infusion, the plateau showed a steady decline, both
      in the CZ and in the MZ. The changes in [K+]o produced by verapamil, during
      myocardial ischaemia are probably due to: coronary dilatation of the marginal
      arteries and+or to a reduction of the late cellular K+ conductance due to a
      decrease in the intracellular Ca2+, produced by verapamil.

PMID- 4016815
TI  - Adriamycin cardiomyopathy in the rabbit: an animal model of low output cardiac
      failure with activation of vasoconstrictor mechanisms.
AB  - Chronic administration of intravenous adriamycin (1 mg . kg-1 twice weekly for 8
      weeks) to rabbits resulted in a cardiomyopathy which was similar to that
      occurring in patients with adriamycin cardiotoxicity. We studied systemic and
      renal haemodynamics and the activation of vasoconstrictor mechanisms reflected by
      changes in plasma renin activity (PRA), noradrenaline (NA) and vasopressin (AVP)
      levels during the development of heart failure in this animal model. By 8 weeks
      cardiac failure was clearly established. At postmortem all animals had dilated
      hearts, pleural and pericardial effusions, ascites and hepatic congestion. Heart
      weights were increased (8.1 +/- 0.7 g in treated animals n = 9 vs 6.0 +/- 0.2 g
      in controls n = 9 p less than 0.05). Cardiac output (measured by thermodilution)
      fell at 8 weeks from 799 +/- 61 ml . min-1 to 624 +/- 44 ml . min-1 (n = 6 p less
      than 0.05) with a parallel fall in mean blood pressure from 85 +/- 2 mmHg to 75
      +/- 4 mmHg. Total peripheral resistance rose in four of the six rabbits. Renal
      blood flow fell from 108 +/- 4 ml . min-1 to 61 +/- 6 ml . min-1 (p less than
      0.05) by 8 weeks. Renal vascular resistance increased in all animals. PRA
      increased from 5.1 +/- 0.5 ng AI . ml-1 . h-1 to 11.6 +/- 2.6 ng AI . ml-1 . h-1
      by 4 weeks (p less than 0.05) and remained elevated thereafter.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4016816
TI  - Mechanism of hydralazine-induced relaxation of arterial smooth muscle.
AB  - The effect of hydralazine on contractile responses by various agents has been
      studied in isolated rat tail artery strips. Hydralazine caused dose-dependent
      relaxation of contractions produced by 10(-7) mol.litre-1 noradrenaline (N); 10(
      7) mol.litre-1 5-HT or 100 mmol.litre-1 KCl, suggesting that the relaxation
      response is non-specific. CaCl2 dose-response (in the presence of 10(-5)
      mol.litre-1 N; 10(-5) mol.litre-1 5-HT or 100 mmol.litre-1 KC1) was significantly
      inhibited by 5 X 10(-4) mol.litre-1 hydralazine in the order: KCl greater than 5
      HT greater than N. Hydralazine also inhibited BaCl2 dose-response curve (in K+
      depolarised strips); maximal contraction to BaCl2 was depressed by 87%. In other
      experiments, hydralazine significantly depressed (by 20%) the phasic contractile
      response to N due to mobilisation of calcium from a membrane-bound pool. D 600, a
      calcium entry blocker, also caused dose-dependent relaxation of contractile
      responses to all three agents studied; and inhibited CaCl2 and BaCl2 dose
      response curves in K+-depolarised media, as well as depressed the phasic
      contractile response to N in Ca-free media by 17%. These results suggest that in
      the rat tail artery, hydralazine interferes with Ca2+ influx, as well as release
      from a membrane-bound pool.

PMID- 4016818
TI  - Metabolic evidence of inadequate coronary blood flow during closed-chest
      resuscitation in dogs.
AB  - Closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) produces only small pressure
      differences across the coronary circulation and relatively little coronary blood
      flow in dogs with ventricular fibrillation. To determine whether coronary flow
      during experimental resuscitation is sufficient to maintain aerobic myocardial
      metabolism, we measured left ventricular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate
      concentrations before and immediately after a 20 min period of CPR in six
      fibrillating dogs. The mean aortic-right atrial pressure difference generated
      during CPR averaged 5.4 +/- 2.6 mmHg (SEM) and 3.2 +/- 2.6 mmHg at the beginning
      and end of the 20 min period, respectively. Left ventricular myocardial blood
      flow (measured with radioactive microspheres) averaged 16.7 +/- 5.7% of prearrest
      values during the first 10 min of CPR, and 8.5 +/- 4.8% of prearrest values
      during the second 10 min of CPR. Biopsies after CPR contained less ATP (3.3 +/-
      0.1 vs 4.7 +/- 0.5 nmol.mg-1, p less than 0.05) and more than seven times more
      lactate (14.7 +/- 3.1 vs 1.9 +/- 0.2 nmol.mg-1, p less than 0.01) than control
      biopsies. We conclude that coronary blood flow during CPR is inadequate relative
      to myocardial oxygen demands during ventricular fibrillation in dogs. The
      techniques developed in this study provide a potential means of assessing the
      effects of experimental interventions on myocardial oxygenation during CPR.

PMID- 4016817
TI  - Imparied atrial receptor modulation or renal nerve activity in dogs with chronic
      volume overload.
AB  - Left atrial receptors with vagal afferents are reset and become less sensitive in
      dogs with chronic high output congestive heart failure (Zucker et al J Clin Invst
      1977;60:323). We determined if the normal reflex inhibition of renal sympathetic
      nerve activity (RNA) which occurs in response to left atrial distension is
      altered in dogs with chronic volume overload produced by an aorto-vena caval
      fistula (AVF). In addition, we examined the ability of the arterial baroreflex to
      alter RNA. In normal dogs, left atrial distension decreased RNA by 6.8 +/- 1.8%
      per mmHg change in left atrial pressure (LAP). After carotid sinus denervation
      (CSD), this inhibition was increased to 10.9 +/- 1.4% per mmHg change in RNA in
      response to left atrial distension. Vagotomy completely abolished any change in
      RNA in response to left atrial distension. In contrast, dogs with chronic AVF's
      demonstrated an increase in RNA in response to left atrial distension by 4.5 +/-
      3.9% per mmHg change in LAP. The response of the AVF dogs was significantly
      different from the normal dogs (P less than 0.005). This was also the case after
      CSD. Loading and unloading of the arterial baroreceptors with norepinephrine and
      nitroprusside demonstrated that the modulation of RNA by arterial baroreceptors
      was similar in AVF dogs compared with normal dogs. The present study demonstrates
      that chronic volume overload results in a decrease in the peripheral sympathetic
      inhibitory effects of left atrial receptor stimulation at a time when arterial
      baroreceptor function is preserved.

PMID- 4016819
TI  - Mechanism of the negative inotropic action of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on isolated
      rat heart.
AB  - Leukotrienes C4 and D4 (LTC4 and LTD4), possible mediators of cardiac dysfunction
      during inflammatory injury, may depress cardiac function by reducing coronary
      flow or by exerting a negative effect directly on the myocardium. We used an
      isovolumic rat heart preparation perfused at constant pressure and measured left
      ventricular developed pressure (mmHg), coronary flow (ml.min-1), oxygen
      extraction, and myocardial oxygen consumption and delivery (mumol O2.[gramme dry
      weight]-1.min-1) during infusion of five doses of angiotensin II, LTC4, LTD4
      (approximately 10 to approximately 300 pmol.min-1), and noradrenaline (400 to
      2000 pmol.min-1), or perfusion with medium which contained calcium at half
      concentration. LTC4 and LTD4 were equipotent with angiotensin. At low effective
      doses, increased oxygen extraction offset the decrease in oxygen delivery,
      maintaining a stable level of oxygen consumption and left ventricular developed
      pressure. At the highest doses, angiotensin, LTC4 and LTD4 reduced coronary flow
      from 21 to 15, 21 to 13, and 21 to 13 ml.min-1, respectively. And, despite
      greater oxygen extraction of 59%, 58% and 65% for angiotensin, LTC4 and LTD4,
      left ventricular developed pressure fell from a baseline of 120 mmHg to 113, 106
      and 92, respectively. In contrast, low calcium perfusion reduced left ventricular
      developed pressure (126 to 92) and oxygen extraction (46 to 30%) without changing
      coronary flow or oxygen delivery. These results suggest that LTC4 and LTD4 are
      potent coronary vasoconstricting agents which depress cardiac function by
      limiting oxygen delivery.

PMID- 4016821
TI  - A new device for the efficient pulverisation and extraction of myocardial
      biopsies for high energy phosphate analysis.
AB  - We developed a new device for processing frozen myocardial biopsies. Frozen
      samples of 20 to 50 mg were dropped into a 25 ml stainless steel centrifuge tube
      held in a custom-made aluminium container precooled in liquid nitrogen. A
      stainless steel pestle attached to a stainless steel disk was driven by a
      modified heavy-duty staple gun to pulverise the tissue rapidly at low
      temperatures. The tissue powder was extracted with 0.3N PCA at 0 degree C in the
      centrifuge tube which was then transferred to a Sorvall super-speed centrifuge.
      Values for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were 5.6 +/- 0.7 mumol . g-1 wet weight
      (mean +/- SD). Creatine phosphate (CP) yield was 12.2 +/- 3 mumol . g-1 wet
      weight. The % recovery of an added internal standard for ATP was 86 +/- 18% and
      for CP 90 +/- 16% with the new method.

PMID- 4016820
TI  - Vasopressin-induced coronary constriction at low perfusion pressures.
AB  - We studied the effects of intracoronary vasopressin on the relationship between
      pressure and flow in the coronary circulation of anaesthetised swine. In addition
      to measurements at control levels, diastolic pressure-flow relationships were
      constructed from steady-state points below a coronary pressure of 50 mmHg, where
      endogenous vasodilatation is strongly stimulated. At baseline pressures, flow
      fell 28% with maximal vasopressin effect. At all levels of diastolic pressure
      below 50 mmHg vasopressin also decreased flow, eg, at 30 mmHg flow was depressed
      by 40%. The slope of the steady-state pressure-flow relationship fell from 1.21
      to 0.75 ml.min-1.mmHg-1. The diastolic pressure at which coronary flow ceased
      rose slightly from 13 to 15 mmHg. Intracoronary adenosine completely prevented
      vasopressin's effect, and the vasodilator response to adenosine was not
      attenuated by simultaneous administration of vasopressin. The porcine coronary
      circulation will constrict in response to vasopressin, not only at normal
      perfusion pressure, but also at low levels when metabolic vasodilatation is
      intense. Our study has implications about the therapeutic use of vasopressin, and
      demonstrates interaction of vasoactive stimuli in the coronary circulation.

PMID- 4016822
TI  - Effects of myocardial catecholamine accumulations on arrhythmias following
      ischaemia and reperfusion. A problem of open-heart surgery.

PMID- 4016823
TI  - Alcohol and the heart.

PMID- 4016824
TI  - Practice of gynecology in the elderly.
AB  - All practitioners must become more familiar with the practice of gynecology in
      the elderly in order to better serve their patients, of whom an increasing
      proportion are geriatric gynecologic patients. Advances in medical technology
      have increased the average life span, and better understanding of "senescent
      changes" may make it possible to improve the quality of life as well.

PMID- 4016825
TI  - Possible involvement of epinephrine in the cardiovascular effect of naloxone in
      humans.
AB  - The opioid-receptor antagonist naloxone was administered intravenously in a 0.8
      mg bolus to five healthy volunteers, aged 21 to 31, in a double-blind study
      designed to investigate the effect of endogenous opioids on blood pressure, heart
      rate, and urinary excretion of catecholamines in healthy adults. Three hours
      after administration of naloxone there were significant increases in systolic
      blood pressure (P less than 0.001) and heart rate (P less than 0.05). The amount
      of epinephrine excreted in urine during the four hours after administration of
      naloxone or placebo was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in subjects given
      naloxone. These effects support the hypothesis that an endogenous opioid system
      is involved in the regulation of systolic blood pressure and heart rate in
      healthy adults. The results also indicate that adrenally released epinephrine
      could mediate the cardiovascular effect of endogenous opioids.

PMID- 4016826
TI  - Interrelationship between gastric acidity and gastrin concentration in patients
      with duodenal or gastric ulcer and in healthy subjects.
AB  - Although increased gastric acidity may be important in the pathogenesis of
      duodenal ulcer, it has a less well-defined role in the formation of gastric
      ulcers. The present study was undertaken to determine (1) the 24-hour
      intragastric pH and serum gastrin profiles of 31 patients with duodenal ulcers,
      eight patients with gastric ulcers, and seven healthy volunteers and (2) the
      effect of 600 mg of cimetidine BID on these measurements. There was considerable
      overlap of basal acid output values in the three groups, and mean values did not
      differ significantly. In response to pentagastrin, the peak acid output was
      significantly higher in the duodenal ulcer group than in the gastric ulcer or
      healthy group. There were no intergroup differences in intragastric hydrogen ion
      (H+) activity after meals, overnight, and over 24 hours, when all subjects
      received placebo. However, the pH values remained at or above 4.0 for a longer
      period during the night in the gastric ulcer patients than in the duodenal ulcer
      patients or healthy subjects. There were no intergroup differences in basal
      gastrin concentration, but the postprandial gastrin response after each meal was
      higher in the gastric ulcer group than in the other two groups. In the gastric
      ulcer group, cimetidine suppressed H+ activity at all times; in the duodenal
      ulcer and healthy groups, cimetidine suppressed H+ activity only after breakfast,
      overnight, and over 24 hours. Cimetidine enhanced the serum gastrin response to
      food to a greater extent in the ulcer patients than in the healthy subjects. In
      the healthy subjects, the ratio of H+ to gastrin (H+:G) was higher than in the
      duodenal or gastric ulcer patients but was suppressed only minimally by
      cimetidine, whereas cimetidine markedly suppressed the H+:G ratio in both groups
      of ulcer patients. Patients with a history of duodenal or gastric ulcers differed
      from healthy volunteers in their food-stimulated gastrin response and in their
      H+:G ratio when treated with cimetidine. Intergroup differences in gastrin
      response to food, but not in intragastric pH in response to food, suggests that
      defective control of or response to gastrin may be important in the pathogenesis
      of acid-peptic disease. Cimetidine, which was effective in H+ suppression in all
      subject groups, may alter the sensitivity of the parietal cells to gastrin in
      patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers.

PMID- 4016827
TI  - Comparative efficacy of cefadroxil and cefaclor in the treatment of skin and soft
      tissue infections.
AB  - A ten-day, randomized, open-label study was conducted to compare the efficacy of
      1,000 mg of cefadroxil once daily and 250 mg of cefaclor TID in 200 black
      patients with skin and soft-tissue infections caused by microorganisms sensitive
      to these cephalosporins. Statistically, the clinical results with each drug were
      not significantly different: 91% efficacy with cefadroxil and 95% efficacy with
      cefaclor. The important difference between cefadroxil and cefaclor is the
      remarkably longer half-life of cefadroxil, which makes once-a-day dosing possible
      and offers greater patient convenience and the likelihood of better compliance.
      In an analysis of compliance, only 2% of the patients in the cefadroxil group (20
      capsules given to each patient) returned unused capsules; 77% in the cefaclor
      group (30 capsules given to each patient) returned unused capsules.

PMID- 4016828
TI  - Comparative incidence of side effects of a wax-matrix and a sustained-release
      iron preparation.
AB  - The side effects of a wax-matrix iron preparation and a sustained-release iron
      preparation were compared in a single-blind study of 181 subjects. Evaluations
      after four and eight weeks of therapy revealed moderate or severe side effects in
      52% of the subjects who received the sustained-release preparation but in only
      25% of those who received the wax-matrix preparation. Further analysis of the
      data demonstrated fewer side effects overall among patients who received the wax
      matrix preparation. These findings suggest that the wax-matrix preparation is
      better tolerated than the sustained-release preparation.

PMID- 4016829
TI  - Prospective, randomized comparison of the efficacy and safety of netilmicin
      clindamycin and tobramycin-clindamycin in the treatment of serious systemic
      infections.
AB  - Fifty-three patients with documented or suspected mixed flora infections were
      randomly assigned to receive either netilmicin or tobramycin in combination with
      clindamycin. Data from 36 patients with 43 documented infections yielding 102
      clinical isolates were evaluated for efficacy. In the 18 patients receiving
      netilmicin-clindamycin, 90% of the infections responded favorably and 96% of the
      pathogens were eliminated. In the 18 patients receiving tobramycin-clindamycin,
      81% of the infections resolved and 88.5% of the pathogens were eliminated. Forty
      nine patients were included in the safety analysis. The incidence of
      nephrotoxicity was similar in both groups (netilmicin, 20%; tobramycin, 21%).
      Auditory toxicity occurred less frequently in the netilmicin-clindamycin group
      (4.5%) than in the tobramycin-clindamycin group (21.7%). These results
      demonstrate that both the netilmicin-clindamycin and the tobramycin-clindamycin
      combinations are comparable in efficacy and in potential for causing
      nephrotoxicity. In this study, however, netilmicin was considerably less ototoxic
      than tobramycin.

PMID- 4016830
TI  - Single-dose mezlocillin prophylaxis in emergency cesarean section.
AB  - A single 5-gm dose of mezlocillin or a placebo was administered intravenously 30
      minutes before surgery to patients undergoing emergency cesarean section. The
      assignment of drug or placebo was randomized. Postoperative morbidity occurred in
      62.5% of patients receiving placebo and in 18.4% of those receiving mezlocillin
      (P less than 0.001). The incidences of febrile morbidity, endometritis, and
      urinary tract infection were significantly lower in the group given mezlocillin.
      Other benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis included a shorter hospital stay and no
      serious infections in the group given mezlocillin.

PMID- 4016831
TI  - Effects of adult rat brain extracts on cultures of mouse brain cells: consequence
      of the depletion in a carbohydrate-binding fraction.

PMID- 4016832
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative changes of acetylcholinesterase in the central
      nervous system of mice during low and high dose treatment of alpha-chlorohydrin.

PMID- 4016833
TI  - Short term regulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
      during pregnancy and perinatal development in the rat.

PMID- 4016834
TI  - Chromatin structure and transcription activity during maturation of intestinal
      epithelial cells.

PMID- 4016835
TI  - Growth dependence of nuclear glycogen synthesis in mutant HD33 Ehrlich-Lettre
      ascites tumor cells.

PMID- 4016836
TI  - Developmental regulation of protein synthesis in Hymenolepis diminuta: 2
      dimensional electrophoretic and fluorographic analysis of polypeptide synthesis
      in formation of brush border membranes.

PMID- 4016837
TI  - Pattern analysis of the heterogeneous distribution of succinate dehydrogenase in
      single rat hepatic lobules.

PMID- 4016838
TI  - [Advantages and disadvantages in modern dialysis therapy].

PMID- 4016840
TI  - [Sensitivity and specificity of oncologic cytology of the efferent urinary
      tract].

PMID- 4016839
TI  - [Water for hemodialysis].

PMID- 4016841
TI  - [Centralization of the study of urinary concretions in East Germany].

PMID- 4016842
TI  - [Can America afford to treat uremia? Washington, 2-4 May 1984].

PMID- 4016843
TI  - [Ethics and diagnosis].

PMID- 4016844
TI  - [New diagnostic methods and approaches in gastroenterology].

PMID- 4016845
TI  - [Relation of total blood cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol].

PMID- 4016846
TI  - [Circulating immunocomplexes in chronic hepatitis B].

PMID- 4016847
TI  - [Changes in magnesium levels in erythrocytes, serum and urine in healthy persons
      after physical exertion].

PMID- 4016849
TI  - [An anniversary to remember].

PMID- 4016848
TI  - [Morphologic findings in liver tissue in primary sclerosing cholangitis].

PMID- 4016850
TI  - [Administration of androgens to transsexual females. I. Effect on somatometric
      changes].

PMID- 4016851
TI  - [Deviant and non-deviant sex delinquents].

PMID- 4016852
TI  - [The effect of the family environment on the self-confidence, the identification
      process and choice of a life partner in sexually dysfunctional men].

PMID- 4016854
TI  - [Effective acquisition of primary sources of information using reprints].

PMID- 4016853
TI  - [A sexual attitude test].

PMID- 4016855
TI  - [The effect of military arming on the socioeconomic situation throughout the
      world].

PMID- 4016856
TI  - [Verification of factors in longevity in epidemiological studies in selected
      regions in Bohemia].

PMID- 4016858
TI  - [Is there a perspective for the spectral analysis of electrocardiograms?].

PMID- 4016857
TI  - [Buerger's disease in women].

PMID- 4016859
TI  - [Leukemia and the HLA-C locus].

PMID- 4016860
TI  - [Hepatest-3, a kit for the rapid screening for hepatitis B virus surface antigens
      using a 3d generation test].

PMID- 4016861
TI  - [Characteristics of medical ethics in childhood and adolescence].

PMID- 4016862
TI  - [Question marks and exclamation marks surrounding mitochondrial heredity].

PMID- 4016863
TI  - [Rational approach to radiodiagnositic examinations. Thoughts on a publication of
      the World Health Organization].

PMID- 4016864
TI  - [Genetic risk in microbiological laboratory work].

PMID- 4016865
TI  - [Occupational genetic risk in oncologic radiotherapy nurses].

PMID- 4016866
TI  - [Borderline states in psychiatry].

PMID- 4016867
TI  - [Are the new cephalosporins "dangerous antibiotics"?].

PMID- 4016868
TI  - [Symptomatic liver porphyria with a familial incidence].

PMID- 4016869
TI  - [Legionnaires' disease in a 37-year-old man].

PMID- 4016870
TI  - [What is and what is not Mobitz II].

PMID- 4016871
TI  - [Gouty osteopathy. Clinical case report of the disease with an unusual course].

PMID- 4016872
TI  - [The role of universities in the strategy for achieving the goal of the WHO,
      "Health for All by the Year 2000)].

PMID- 4016873
TI  - [The concept of man in Marxist-Leninist philosophy and its significance in
      medicine. Overcoming the natural science concept of medicine].

PMID- 4016874
TI  - [Changes in indicators of humoral immunity in patients with insulin-dependent
      diabetes].

PMID- 4016875
TI  - [The relation of glycosylated proteins in blood to the state of compensation in
      diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4016877
TI  - [Do we know the mechanism of tumor transformation?].

PMID- 4016876
TI  - [Comparison of the physical fitness of forestry workers who work with portable
      power saws and heavy machinery].

PMID- 4016878
TI  - [Psychosocial orientation in medicine with emphasis on clinical oncology].

PMID- 4016879
TI  - [Spinal epidural carcinoma metastasis].

PMID- 4016880
TI  - [Early diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the skin].

PMID- 4016881
TI  - [A stable erythrocyte diagnostic preparation for the indirect hemagglutination
      reaction in toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 4016882
TI  - [Man and the environment as a problem of medical hygiene].

PMID- 4016883
TI  - [Principles of modeling biomedical systems on computers].

PMID- 4016884
TI  - [Pathogenesis of liver encephalopathy].

PMID- 4016885
TI  - [The kinetics of Ujoviridine as an indicator of the functional capacity of the
      liver].

PMID- 4016886
TI  - [Hemocoagulation changes in patients with type I diabetes mellitus in renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 4016887
TI  - Histochemistry and ultrastructure of adrenergic and acetylcholinesterase
      containing nerves supplying follicles and endocrine cells in the guinea-pig
      ovary.
AB  - The autonomic nerve supply of the guinea-pig ovary was investigated by a
      combination of light- and electron microscopy. At the light-microscopic level,
      adrenergic fibres were identified due to their formaldehyde-induced fluorescence.
      In addition, the ovary contained acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres. In all
      parts of the ovary, the adrenergic fibres were most numerous. At the
      ultrastructural level it was possible to identify the adrenergic nerve terminals
      with the aid of the false adrenergic transmitter, 5-hydroxy-dopamine. Thus, large
      numbers of adrenergic terminals, characterized by their content of 50-60 nm,
      electron-dense synaptic vesicles, were seen within the interstitial gland, where
      they formed close contacts with the endocrine cells (membrane-to-membrane
      distance, 20-100 nm). The follicular theca externa was also richly supplied by
      adrenergic nerves. At this location, close contacts (50-100 nm) were identified
      between the nerve terminals and the smooth muscle-like cells. Very few adrenergic
      nerve fibres were present in the theca interna of follicles or in the corpus
      luteum. Non-adrenergic nerve terminals, characterized by electron-lucent synaptic
      vesicles of 50-60 nm diameter, were observed together with the adrenergic fibres.
      They were always present in much lower numbers than the latter. No "p-type"
      nerves were identified by electron microscopy.

PMID- 4016888
TI  - Capsaicin-induced inhibition of axoplasmic transport is prevented by nerve growth
      factor.
AB  - Capsaicin injected into the scrotal skin of rats was observed to induce a
      decrease in the amount of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transported in the
      pudendal nerve to the sixth lumbar dorsal root ganglion on the pretreated side.
      This was seen as a decrease in the number of HRP-labelled neurones compared to
      the control side. A morphometric study confirmed that the effect of capsaicin was
      exerted predominantly on the small neurones. Injection of nerve growth factor
      (NGF) into the pudendal nerve prevented the deleterious effects of capsaicin,
      thereby suggesting a possible site of action and mechanism for the effect of
      capsaicin on peripheral nerves.

PMID- 4016889
TI  - Ultrastructural morphometry of parathyroid cells in rats of different ages.
AB  - Parathyroid glands of newborn to 1-year-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fixed
      by perfusion or by immersion, and prepared for electron microscopy. Parathyroid
      glands fixed by immersion exhibited parenchymal cells with variable
      ultrastructure, indicating that these cells were in different stages of the
      proposed secretory cycle in parathyroid cells. In contrast, parathyroid cells of
      glands fixed by perfusion were uniform in ultrastructure, suggesting that all
      cells were in the same stage of secretory activity. Parathyroid glands of 3-, 4-,
      6-, 8- and 10-week-old rats also were fixed by perfusion and analysed by electron
      microscopic morphometry. These data demonstrated an increase in cell volume and
      in surface area of the membrane compartments concerned with parathyroid hormone
      secretion: these changes were not related to variations in serum calcium
      concentration. Both the qualitative observations and the quantitative data do not
      favour the idea of a secretory cycle in rat parathyroid cells.

PMID- 4016890
TI  - Measurements of intracellular calcium.

PMID- 4016891
TI  - Using quin2 in cell suspensions.

PMID- 4016892
TI  - Cell calcium measurement with electron probe and electron energy loss analysis.

PMID- 4016893
TI  - Intracellular levels and distribution of Ca2+ in digitonin-permeabilized cells.
AB  - Digitonin and other saponins can be used to selectively permeabilize the plasma
      membrane of a wide variety of cells without significantly affecting the gross
      structure and function of Ca2+-sequestering organelles such as mitochondria and
      endoplasmic reticulum. These characteristics have allowed digitonin to be used in
      the determination of the intracellular levels and distribution of Ca2+, as well
      as the measurement of Ca2+ fluxes by organelles "in situ". Studies conducted with
      several different types of digitonin-permeabilized cells indicate that the
      endoplasmic reticulum functions as a high affinity and low-capacity intracellular
      Ca2+ buffer, whereas mitochondria operate as a relatively low affinity but high
      capacity Ca2+ buffering system. However, recent findings suggest that
      mitochondria have a comparable affinity for net Ca2+ uptake in the presence of
      physiological concentrations of polyamines. The use of permeabilized cells has
      also been important in the identification of the endoplasmic reticulum as a site
      at which the recently discovered second messenger inositol trisphosphate acts to
      bring about an increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration. Thus, the
      selective permeabilization of cells with digitonin and its analogues has been a
      powerful yet simple tool in the study of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.

PMID- 4016894
TI  - Measurement of intracellular calcium ion activity with neutral exchanger ion
      sensitive microelectrodes.
AB  - Micropipettes filled with the neutral liquid ion exchanger ETH 1001 can be used
      to make microelectrodes that are sensitive to cytoplasmic levels of Ca2+. They
      are high resistance electrodes, so that care is required in order to record the
      low current signal. The electrodes often yield 10-15 mV change between
      intracellular Ca2+ activities of 10(-6) and 10(-7) M, according to a log
      relation. The microelectrodes are non-destructive, even in rather small cells,
      and can be used to monitor Ca2+ changes during experimental interventions.

PMID- 4016895
TI  - Aequorin entrapment in mammalian cells.

PMID- 4016896
TI  - [A mathematical model of the age-specific prevalence of hypertension].

PMID- 4016897
TI  - [Epidemiological study of the incidence rate of athletic injury in junior high
      school students].

PMID- 4016898
TI  - [A compound catalytic model with both simple and reversible types and its
      applications in disease surveillance].

PMID- 4016899
TI  - [Morbidity of leptospirosis in Meng-lian County in Yunnan Province].

PMID- 4016900
TI  - [Epidemiological survey of enteritis caused by Campylobacter].

PMID- 4016901
TI  - [Epidemiology of leprosy in Zigong District of Sichuan Province].

PMID- 4016902
TI  - [Dynamic study on the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Lin County,
      1959-1981].

PMID- 4016903
TI  - [Survey of sudden death among 370,000 people in rural areas].

PMID- 4016904
TI  - Serologic survey of hepatitis B surface antigen among the healthy population in
      Zimbabwe.

PMID- 4016905
TI  - A follow-up and case tracing exercise.

PMID- 4016906
TI  - Malacoplakia of the urinary tract (a case report and review of the literature).

PMID- 4016907
TI  - Dramatic recovery from complete hemiplegia and decorticate rigidity caused by
      severe hypoglycemia.

PMID- 4016908
TI  - Bioavailability of proprietary corticosteroid containing ointments.

PMID- 4016909
TI  - Nutritional status of an urban community in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 4016910
TI  - Urban pedestrian accidents and the efficacy of a counter-measure.

PMID- 4016911
TI  - Characteristics of patients attending Harare Hospital with incomplete abortion.

PMID- 4016912
TI  - Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis.

PMID- 4016913
TI  - Gastroenteritis due to campylobacter jejuni in Lagos, Nigeria.

PMID- 4016915
TI  - The more serious effects of schistosomiasis.

PMID- 4016914
TI  - Colonoscopy--experience in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 4016916
TI  - Teaching the management of terminal illness in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 4016917
TI  - Pain characteristics of painful ophthalmoplegia (the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome).
AB  - Pain characteristics of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were abstracted from the
      observations of five patients with repeated incidents of painful ophthalmoplegia.
      The pain was experienced either as pressure behind the ophthalmoplegic eye or as
      boring pain in one orbital region, fluctuating in intensity, sometimes worsening
      to knife stab-like pain in the eye. The unilateral pain did not shift side during
      a solitary incident of painful ophthalmoplegia and was never completely absent.
      The pain was increased when the eyes were strained, when cold wind blew against
      the face, and when a change in the weather took place. It was accompanied by a
      feeling of swelling in the affected region, but not by nausea nor vomiting.
      Conventional headache drugs provided little relief. All cases experienced
      tenderness when pressure was applied to the ipsilateral supraorbital foramen. The
      pain was suggested to be related to an increased load on the impaired venous
      blood flow in the region of the superior orbital fissure.

PMID- 4016918
TI  - The so-called "partial Horner syndrome" in cluster headache. An editorial.

PMID- 4016919
TI  - Classic migraine attack complicated by confusional state: EEG and CT study.
AB  - We report electroencephalographic and clinical observations in one attack of
      classic migraine, accompanied by a confusional state. The ictal EEG showed slow
      waves over the left hemisphere, the abnormality gradually clearing up during the
      four days following the attack. A brain CT scan was normal during the attack and
      also a few days later. A possible relationship between impairment of
      consciousness during the attack and left hemispheric metabolic dysfunction is
      discussed.

PMID- 4016920
TI  - The cluster-tic syndrome and its surgical therapy.
AB  - The term cluster-tic syndrome (CTS) is used to designate a clinical pain pattern
      in which symptoms of cluster headache (CH) and tic douloureux (TD) coexist. The
      TD elements of the attack occur in paroxysms of many seconds or minutes, always
      affect the maxillary or mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve, with spread
      into the ophthalmic division in some cases, and may be triggered by slight
      superficial stimuli. These features may occur independent of CH elements but more
      often the two blend together. Four patients with CTS unresponsive to medication
      underwent surgery. Blood vessels were found to cross compress the trigeminal
      nerve in all four patients and the nerve was decompressed. A similar condition
      was found affecting the facial nerve in two of the three patients in whom that
      nerve was explored and the facial nerve was decompressed in these two. The TD
      component of the CTS disappeared after surgery in all four patients. The CH
      component of the syndrome returned after surgery but in a modified form. In three
      patients, the CH changed from what had been chronic cluster to infrequent
      episodic cluster periods; additionally in two patients, the duration of cluster
      was shorter and the pain was of lesser severity.

PMID- 4016921
TI  - Cluster headache: histamine skin tests in the painful area.
AB  - Histamine skin tests were performed in the painful area and on the opposite side
      in ten cluster headache patients. The studies were carried out with and without
      local anaesthesia. No differences between histamine skin response in the painful
      region compared with the contralateral side were revealed. This study concerns
      the part of the triple response which is the result of a direct action of
      histamine on the skin vasculature (mediated by both H1 and H2) histaminergic
      receptors, i.e. wheal and redness, and the flare, which is the result of
      neurohumoral mechanisms.

PMID- 4016922
TI  - Cluster headache: clinical efficacy of lithium salts in a haemodialysis treated
      patient.
AB  - Over the last ten years the efficacy of lithium salts in cluster headache has
      been well demonstrated. Our patient, who had been suffering from cluster headache
      for approximately 30 years, had been in haemodialysis treatment for the last ten
      years for chronic renal failure. Moreover, he was affected by heart failure and
      peptic ulcer. The patient was currently under therapy with Digitalis, Isorbide
      dinitrate, and ranitidine and was dialyzed three times a week for a total of five
      hours each time. Neither prophylactic headache therapy nor high doses of
      analgesic drugs had proved effective. Although this patient was in haemodialysis,
      lithium treatment was indicated. The administration of lithium carbonate 300 mg
      during dialysis days and 150 mg during non-dialysis days improved the attacks.
      Complete recovery from the attacks was obtained when the serum levels of lithium
      reached the therapeutic range. No side effects were noted.

PMID- 4016923
TI  - Migraine v. transient cerebral ischemia. Proceedings from an international
      congress, Rome, Italy, 30 November-1 December, 1984.

PMID- 4016924
TI  - The effects of flunarizine in experimental models related to the pathogenesis of
      migraine.
AB  - Two new hypotheses suggest that the key pathology in migraine has a neuronal
      origin. A pivotal role is assigned to brain hypoxia (1) and spreading depression
      (SD) (neuronal depolarization spreading gradually over the cortex) (2).
      Flunarizine has been tested both against brain hypoxia and SD. Its potent
      antihypoxic properties in animal models led to its use as a prophylactic drug in
      migraine therapy. Earlier experiments suggested that flunarizine shortened
      recovery after neuronal depolarization. Recent experiments suggest that
      flunarizine may enhance the threshold for the elicitation of SD. Finally, it is
      often unclear whether the effects observed with flunarizine are due to a vascular
      or a direct neuronal effect. Therefore, a study was made to show whether
      flunarizine affected hypoxia-induced alterations in synaptic function in slices
      of hippocampus held in vitro. At physiological drug concentrations in brain,
      flunarizine improved post-hypoxic recovery of synaptic function. A direct
      neuronal protective effect was thus demonstrated.

PMID- 4016925
TI  - Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of flunarizine in young and old rats.
AB  - Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects following an acute or chronic treatment
      with the calcium antagonist, flunarizine, have been studied in young and old
      rats. Both in young and old rats, acute administration of flunarizine (2 mg/kg)
      failed to modify plasma prolactin (PRL) levels, as measured at 8.00 a.m., 4.00
      p.m. and 12.00 p.m. A chronic treatment with flunarizine (0.5 mg/kg/day, for 20
      days) in young rats was followed by a relevant, albeit statistically not
      significant, increase in plasma PRL levels, as measured at 8.00 a.m. and 4.00
      p.m., and by a significant decrease at 12.00 p.m. A shift of nocturnal peak of
      plasma PRL levels from 12.00 p.m. to 4.00 a.m. was observed in these animals. A
      chronic treatment with flunarizine in old rats was followed by a significant
      increase in plasma PRL levels, as measured at 12.00 p.m. The acquisition of
      active avoidance behavior was studied in a shuttle-box test. Acute administration
      of flunarizine failed to change the performance of young and old rats in
      acquiring the behavioral response, as measured by the total number of conditioned
      avoidance responses (CARs) and the percentage of learners. When flunarizine was
      administered chronically, a decrease in CARs and learners was observed both in
      young and old rats. This was accompanied by a significant increase in the
      percentage of animals that froze during the acquisition session. No significant
      effect was found in young and old rats tested in a "despair" test after a chronic
      treatment with flunarizine.

PMID- 4016926
TI  - Migraine and cerebral hypoxia: a hypothesis with pharmacotherapeutic
      implications.
AB  - It is postulated that a migraine attack is a specific reaction pattern to an
      episode of focal cerebral hypoxia. This hypothesis holds that any type of focal
      brain hypoxia (and thus not only a vasospasm) may provoke a migraine attack.
      Indeed, as hypoxia is a result of an imbalance between energy supply and energy
      use, the former can be decreased and/or the latter be increased. Spreading
      cortical depression, leading to the aura, is believed to be another consequence
      of brain hypoxia occurring in classical migraine. There are no other genuine
      differences between classical and common migraine, according to the cerebral
      hypoxia theory. The latter theory may improve our understanding of the mode of
      action of antimigraine drugs. Certain calcium entry blockers have a direct
      protective effect on brain hypoxia, but some other pharmacotherapeutic approaches
      may also prevent cerebral hypoxia via an effect on brain metabolism, vasomotion
      or platelet behavior.

PMID- 4016927
TI  - Erythrocyte deformability changes in headache patients under flunarizine
      treatment.
AB  - Changes in erythrocyte deformability (ED) parameters have been investigated in 36
      patients suffering from different forms of headache (classic and common migraine;
      migraine with interval headache; chronic tension headache) and treated with
      flunarizine (10 mg/day at bedtime). Patients were carefully selected in order to
      avoid any possible interference with the parameters under study, and smoke and
      drug use in particular (symptomatics included) were considered as criteria for
      exclusion from the trial. Controls of ED parameters were planned before treatment
      and after 20 and 35 days. Baseline ED alterations were present only among
      patients with chronic tension headache, but flunarizine treatment was able to
      positively modify ED parameters in these patients, as well as in migraine cases
      that showed normal baseline ED values. No correlation was found between patients'
      characteristics and baseline ED values, nor between ED changes under treatment
      and therapeutic effects of flunarizine.

PMID- 4016928
TI  - Telethermographic investigations in migraine patients before and after
      flunarizine treatment.
AB  - Fifty migraine patients were tested prior to and after a three-month period of
      flunarizine treatment (10 mg per day) by means of a new computerized
      telethermography apparatus. At completion of therapy a new computerized
      telethermography was carried out. The telethermographic data obtained showed an
      improvement in 70% of the cases; for the other patients telethermographic
      relevant modifications were not singled out.

PMID- 4016929
TI  - Headache in transient ischemic attacks (TIA).
AB  - The evaluation of headache in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) has
      various sources of difficulty, the definition of TIA being the most relevant. The
      classical definition needs to be supplemented with a normal CT scan if a
      misleading diagnostic statement is to be avoided. The clinical features of 90
      patients suffering from TIA and who had contrast-enhanced CT scans are reported.
      Headache occurred in 30% of the patients. Headache prevailed in patients with
      vertebrobasilar TIA compared with carotid TIA (p less than 0.05). Headache
      prevailed as a preceding (24 h) and/or concomitant sign compared with other
      neurological symptoms (77.8% of the patients). Headache was ipsilateral, in the
      anterior half of the head in the carotid TIA and in the posterior half of the
      head in the vertebrobasilar TIA. In about 50% of the patients generalized non
      localized headache occurred. Headache usually preceded the neurological symptoms
      in cases of arterial occlusion (20 carotid, 3 vertebral artery), usually
      appearing during or after the attack in cases without arterial occlusion. Only 2
      cases out of 20 with positive CT scan had headache. These two patients suffered
      from a rather large hypodense lesion. The other 18 patients showed lacunar
      lesions. Different hypotheses concerning the physiopathology of the headache
      associated with TIA are discussed.

PMID- 4016930
TI  - Influence of flunarizine on the altered electronystagmographic (ENG) recordings
      in migraine.
AB  - Flunarizine, a slow-channel calcium blocker, appeared to be effective in the
      prophylactic treatment of common and classic migraine in 29 out-patients included
      in a double-blind clinical trial. After a two-month placebo period, half the
      patients were treated with flunarizine, 10 mg a day for up to 120 days, half with
      placebo. Electronystagmographic (ENG) recordings were performed at the end of the
      common placebo period and after two and four months of treatment, respectively.
      There was a significant reduction in Headache Unit Index (HUI) and Headache Unit
      Index Corrected (HUIC) (42% and 40.5% respectively) in the flunarizine-treated
      group but not in the placebo group. Analgesic intake was reduced and intensity of
      pain was unchanged in both groups throughout the trial. ENG data were not
      significantly affected by flunarizine treatment.

PMID- 4016931
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in migraine patients in basal conditions and
      after chronic flunarizine treatment.
AB  - BAEPs have been studied in a group of 20 migraine subjects before and after
      chronic flunarizine treatment. No statistically significant modifications of
      neurophysiological parameters have been observed. We confirm flunarizine
      effectiveness in migraine treatment.

PMID- 4016932
TI  - Pupillary and vascular effects of calcium antagonists in migraine.
AB  - In migraine patients the effect of calcium antagonists (flunarizine, verapamil
      and nifedipine) on both venous and pupillary neuromuscular functions, as well as
      on blood pressure have been evaluated. A single oral dose of flunarizine (10 mg)
      and verapamil infusion (50 micrograms/ml/min) increased venous compliance.
      Verapamil also counteracted dose-dependent dopamine induced venoconstriction.
      Nifedipine (10 mg orally) reduced mean arterial pressure in upright position in
      migraineurs but not in controls. In addition, chronic treatment with flunarizine
      (10 mg for 2 weeks) induced a transient miotic effect and a reduction of tyramine
      induced mydriasis. These findings demonstrated that calcium antagonists affect
      vascular and extravascular structures. It is postulated that, in migraine,
      calcium entry blockers may prevent exaggerated responses to catecholaminergic
      stimulation.

PMID- 4016934
TI  - "Chronic daily headache" ("cefalea cronica quotidiana").

PMID- 4016933
TI  - Hormonal and metabolic changes induced by flunarizine therapy: preliminary
      results.
AB  - The effect of 30-days of flunarizine (5 mg/day) therapy on pituitary, B
      pancreatic, gonadic and adrenal function was studied in five adolescents with
      common migraine. Baseline concentration of growth hormone was significantly
      reduced after flunarizine therapy. The response of prolactin to thyrotrophin
      releasing hormone was significantly increased after flunarizine therapy. The
      percentages of HbA1 and HbA1c were significantly higher after flunarizine
      therapy. The drug had no apparent effect on gonadic and adrenal function. Further
      studies are needed to confirm the effect of flunarizine on the hypothalamus
      pituitary axis and glucose tolerance.

PMID- 4016935
TI  - Analysis of outcome predictors of migraine towards chronicity.
AB  - Long-term migraine evolution is still undefined. The poorest outcome is the
      transformation from episodic attacks to a pattern of daily attacks or continuous
      headache with intermittent attacks. We called these cases "chronic migraine". The
      aim of our study was to investigate whether some clinical variables contributed
      to migraine chronicity. We interviewed 50 patients with chronic migraine from 2
      to 15 years and 90 patients with episodic migraine matched for sex and age as a
      control group. Univariate analysis revealed two correlations with a chronic
      outcome: (1) In the control group a significantly higher number of women took
      oral contraceptives. (2) In the group who developed chronic migraine, there were
      a greater number of smokers, without reaching statistical significance. The
      stepwise multiple logistic regression method showed that these two variables
      influence the prognosis with a maximum likelihood estimate of 65%, hence not much
      higher than random probability.

PMID- 4016936
TI  - Focal cerebral ischemia and migraine.
AB  - Consistent literature data on the cerebrovascular risk in migraineous patients
      are lacking. Available preliminary clinical data (Italian Cooperative Cross
      Sectional Case-Control Study) suggest that migraine can hardly be considered a
      relevant pathogenetic associated risk factor of focal cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 4016937
TI  - Common migraine versus daily chronic headache: a study of the relationship
      between depression and anxiety scores, and dexamethasone suppression test.
AB  - To achieve a better understanding of CH and DCH, we used a multidisciplinary
      approach evaluating both the depression and anxiety scores and the ability of DEX
      to decrease plasma cortisol levels in patients with these two forms of headache.
      The Hamilton rating scale for depression, the Zung test for depression and Stai
      X2 for anxiety showed scores within the control range in both groups of patients
      without any statistically significant difference between the groups. The DEX test
      showed significant cortisol suppression in both groups of patients either at 8
      a.m. or at 4 p.m. (after DEX administration, 1 mg orally at 11 p.m. the night
      before). The results obtained indicate that in CM and in DCH, normal depression
      and anxiety scores exist in the present of the apparent integrity of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

PMID- 4016938
TI  - Antimigraine drugs in the management of daily chronic headaches: clinical
      profiles of responsive patients.
AB  - Flunarizine, a Ca-antagonist with demonstrated antimigraine properties, and
      indoprofen, an anti-inflammatory non-steroidal agent, were used in the treatment
      of daily chronic headache. Forty-two migraineurs with interval headache (MIH)
      were treated with flunarizine in a 6-month open trial, while indoprofen was
      administered to 23 patients with MIH and 7 with chronic tension headache (CTH) in
      a 2-month, double-blind, cross-over placebo-controlled study. Flunarizine was
      found effective in over 65% of the patients, while indoprofen was able to improve
      headache severity in only 30% of the subjects. In the responder patients, the
      effectiveness of both drugs is more pronounced in MIH, and seems to be ascribable
      to the ability of the treatments to reduce number and severity of attacks. A
      higher incidence of previous affective disturbances is found in non-responsive
      cases. The analysis of factors converting episodic into chronic headache shows
      slight but not significant differences between responders and non-responders. An
      impairment of plasma beta-endorphin levels, in the presence of normal ACTH,
      cortisol and nociceptive RIII threshold values, characterizes daily chronic
      headache (DCH) patients. Moreover, indoprofen does not significantly affect these
      biological and neurophysiological parameters independently of the therapeutic
      response.

PMID- 4016939
TI  - Life events and headache.
AB  - We have evaluated the incidence and the gravity of recent and early stressful
      life events in 149 patients with headache and in 43 healthy controls. The
      incidence of early stressful events was the same for the headache patients and
      the controls, and for the three subtypes of headache patients. Patients with
      headache had undergone more recent stressful events than the control individuals,
      and the difference was due to patients with migraine. The mean gravity of the
      recent stressful events did not differ significantly. This probably indicates
      that appearance of headache is not so much associated with the gravity of the
      events as with the fact that they have occurred in the lives of patients with
      other biological and/or psychological characteristics with which the stress
      interacts.

PMID- 4016940
TI  - rCBF after TIA and during migraine attacks.
AB  - TIA is usually caused by embolism from a carotid stenosis. The stenosis has no
      hemodynamic significance, but recent studies of regional cerebral blood flow have
      indicated that this occurs in a few cases. Traditionally, TIA are not considered
      to cause cerebral damage, but CT-studies have revealed a number of silent
      infarcts and rCBF measurements have shown even more persistent abnormalities of
      blood flow. In classic migraine, alterations of rCBF are completely different,
      indicating a mechanism progressing in the cerebral cortex, probably the spreading
      depression of Leao. Similar blood flow changes are not seen in common migraine,
      where tomographic rCBF determinations have been normal.

PMID- 4016941
TI  - On the possible relation of spreading cortical depression to classical migraine.
AB  - During the first 1 to 2 h of the classical migraine attack a hypoperfusion
      develops which starts in the posterior part of the brain and progresses
      anteriorly at a rate of 2-3 mm/min. The hypoperfusion stops at primary sulci
      outlining major cortical macro- and microstructural changes, but seems not to be
      inhibited by other changes of the cortical architecture. The low flow regions are
      cortical and the low flow persists for 4-6 h, until the attack abates. Regions of
      hyperperfusion are either minor or non-existent. A similar behavior characterizes
      the velocity and mode of evolution of a cortical spreading depression, a
      transient perturbation of cortical neuronal function which has profound and long
      lasting influence on the cortical blood flow. This paper briefly summarizes the
      arguments which have been put forward in recent years suggesting that spreading
      depression is a pathogenetic mechanism of migraine.

PMID- 4016942
TI  - Visual evoked potentials and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in migraine and
      transient ischemic attacks.
AB  - A study of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and pattern reversal
      visual evoked potentials (VEPs), recorded in intercritical phase, was carried out
      in 20 subjects (10 suffering from common migraine and 10 suffering from
      vertebrobasilar TIA) in order to obtain a comparative evaluation of cortical
      subcortical functions. The data we obtained demonstrate the presence of BAEPs
      alterations in patients with previous vertebrobasilar TIA: no abnormalities were
      found in the migraine group. VEPs parameters are normal in both groups. Our data
      show that the study of the so-called "stimulus-related" potentials, such as BAEPs
      and pattern reversal VEPs, is useful in evaluating the damage produced by any
      noxa, while it cannot clearly emphasize individual factors predisposing to a
      specific pathology, as the absence of specific alterations in migraine patients
      demonstrates.

PMID- 4016943
TI  - The use of retinal fluorangiography techniques in the study of cerebral
      circulation.
AB  - Retinal fluorangiographic techniques can be employed in the study of
      cerebrovascular disorders in relation to the embryological, anatomic and
      functional affinities between the cerebral and retinal circulation. The
      techniques currently used have been improved by means of the computer analysis of
      the photographic image, thus allowing qualitative evaluations of the vascular
      dynamics and quantitative evaluations referred to remarkable variations. These
      improved techniques can be summed up as follows: equidensitometry with arbitrary
      colors, computerized fluorangiography for the evaluation of the vascular caliber,
      computer analysis of mean transit time (m.t.t.). A new type of qualitative
      evaluation not considering the fluorangiographic image has recently been
      introduced: the fluorophotometric analysis.

PMID- 4016944
TI  - NMR imaging in transient cerebral ischemia.
AB  - NMR has proved useful in the detection of Acute Cerebrovascular Disorders (ACVD),
      providing information related either to the tissue signal intensity and
      relaxation times, or to the morphological aspects of cerebral structures.
      Eighteen patients suffering from ischemic Acute Cerebrovascular Disorders were
      studied. A comparison between NMR imaging and CT scan was performed. Ischemic
      lesions, presence of edema, presence of reactive gliosis and anatomical vascular
      anomalies were found.

PMID- 4016945
TI  - Correlation between migraine and circulating platelet aggregates.
AB  - We studied platelet aggregates, by Wu and Hoak's technique, in 73 patients (49 F
      and 24 M), aged 14-61 (mean age 50.4 +/- 12.2) with migraine. Platelet aggregates
      were expressed as Platelet Aggregate Ratio (PAR). We consider as pathological PAR
      values lower than 86. Mean PAR value of migraine patients (78.3 +/- 8.68 SD) was
      significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than that of 90 control subjects (95.4 +/
      6.15 SD). Normal PAR values were found only in 27.4% of the migraine patients.
      The patients were divided according to the interval from the last attack: 17
      patients were studied in the 1st week (PAR = 73.76 +/- 7.6 SD; 5.8% of the values
      in the normal range), 15 in the 2nd week (76.6 +/- 7.02 SD; 13.3% of the values
      in the normal range) and 41 between 15th and 30th day (80.78 +/- 8.78 SD; 29.6%
      of the patients in the normal range). The mean PAR value of the patients studied
      during the first week was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than that of the
      patients studied between 15th and 30th day. No significant differences were found
      between the patients with classical, common and complicated migraine.

PMID- 4016946
TI  - Relevance of prostaglandins in migraine.
AB  - Prostaglandins (PG), particularly PGE, may be linked to the pathophysiology of
      migraine in several important ways. PGE1 may "simulate" a migraine attack in
      healthy volunteers. PGE may be elevated in patients with migraine. In animal
      experiments and in human infusions, PGEs cause vasodilation and hyperalgesia,
      both typical reactions of inflammation. The view that vascular headache is an
      "inflammatory reaction" allows the best concept concerning the local role of PGs
      and the effectiveness of PG-inhibitors in the treatment of migraine. The local
      role of PGs may provide a common denominator in several hormonal, neural and
      other influences on vessels. The common triggers of a migraine attack like
      menstruation, alcohol and stress influence the PG-system and even the dietary
      reactions, hormonal influences, sleep and reserpine have some connections with
      the PG-system. A local role for PGs does not diminish the importance of other
      pathophysiological mechanisms operating during an attack. On the contrary, PGs
      may fill in gaps in our understanding of how the overt pain of attacks is
      produced.

PMID- 4016947
TI  - Electrocardiographic ST-T wave patterns, extent of coronary artery disease, and
      left ventricular performance following non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
AB  - Subendocardial, nontransmural, or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (NQM) carries
      a serious prognosis. Many previous studies of NQMI include only patients without
      new Q waves at the time of infarction. Since the site of transmural MI (by Q
      waves) has implications concerning extent of coronary disease (CAD) and left
      ventricular (LV) dysfunction, we wondered what the extent of CAD and LV
      dysfunction is among acute MI patients who have neither new nor old Q waves.
      Furthermore, we sought to determine whether ST-T wave patterns or resting LV
      ejection fraction (EF), alone or combined, could separate NQMI patients with
      significant CAD from those with normal or nearly normal coronaries. Therefore, we
      retrospectively examined angiographic and electrocardiographic data in 55
      symptomatic patients with NQMI. ST-T wave patterns on admission were classified
      as either ischemic (transient ST elevation, persistent horizontal ST depression,
      or persistent deep T wave inversion) or nonspecific. Eleven patients (20%) had
      normal or nearly normal coronaries (N); ten patients (18%) had one, seven
      patients (13%) had two, and 19 patients (34%) had three vessel CAD; eight
      patients (15%) had left main (LM) disease. Six of the 11 N patients had
      ergonovine tests and all six were negative. Segmental LV wall motion
      abnormalities (WMA) were commonly observed; however, diffuse LVWMA were present
      only among patients with three vessel and LM disease. EF was below 0.50 in 48% of
      patients with three vessel or LM disease. Although ischemic ST-T wave patterns
      were more common (P less than 0.05) among patients with significant CAD than
      among N patients, neither the ST-T wave pattern nor EF, alone or in combination,
      allowed confident separation of N patients from significant CAD patients. We
      conclude 1) A large proportion of NQMI patients have LM disease, three vessel
      disease, or normal or nearly normal coronaries. 2) Despite the absence of Q
      waves, LV dysfunction is common and the degree of LV impairment is worse among
      patients with more extensive CAD. 3) NQMI patients who may have normal or nearly
      normal coronaries cannot be reliably separated from NQMI patients with
      significant CAD on the basis of ST-T wave patterns or resting LVEF. 4) Coronary
      angiography appears warranted to assess the extent of CAD in symptomatic NQMI
      patients.

PMID- 4016948
TI  - Left main coronary thrombolysis.
AB  - A patient with acute occlusion of the left main coronary artery in whom
      streptokinase thrombolysis was successful in reestablishing antegrade flow is
      reported. A discussion of factors influencing survival and a review of the
      literature is presented.

PMID- 4016949
TI  - Injection of contrast medium within the interatrial septum: an unusual
      complication of right atrial angiography.
AB  - A 56-year-old male with right ventricular dysplasia underwent right atrial
      angiography. Though the catheter tip appeared to be in the right atrial cavity,
      an appreciable amount of contrast medium dissected the interatrial septum,
      resulting in unusual radiologic and ultrasonic patterns.

PMID- 4016950
TI  - Ergonovine provocative testing: a double catheter technique.

PMID- 4016951
TI  - In biology, neither smaller nor larger is necessarily better.

PMID- 4016952
TI  - Reconstitution experiments show that sequence-specific histone-DNA interactions
      are the basis for nucleosome phasing on mouse satellite DNA.
AB  - The molecular basis underlying the sequence-specific positioning of nucleosomes
      on DNA was investigated. We previously showed that histone octamers occupy
      multiple specific positions on mouse satellite DNA in vivo and have now
      reconstituted the 234 bp mouse satellite repeat unit with pure core histones into
      mononucleosomes. Histones from mouse liver or chicken erythrocytes bind to the
      DNA in multiple precisely defined frames in perfect phase with a diverged 9 bp
      subrepeat of the satellite DNA. This is the first time that nucleosome positions
      on a DNA in vivo have been compared to those found on the same DNA by in vitro
      reconstitution. Most of the nucleosomes occupy identical positions in vivo and in
      vitro. There are, however, some characteristic differences. We conclude that
      sequence-dependent histone-DNA interactions play a decisive role in the
      positioning of nucleosomes in vivo, but that the nucleosome locations in native
      chromatin are subject to additional constraints.

PMID- 4016953
TI  - Radial loops and helical coils coexist in metaphase chromosomes.
AB  - Histone-depleted chromosomes have revealed a scaffold and loop architecture of
      metaphase chromosomes. In its simplest form this arrangement contradicts many
      classical observations suggesting chromosomes have a helical substructure. We
      have obtained preparations that allow the visualization of several levels of
      chromosome structure. These images suggest that metaphase packing is achieved by
      the compaction through helical coiling of a 200-300 nm fiber that is in turn
      composed of radial loops. These observations imply that any scaffold elements
      associated with radial loops are not distributed as previously proposed but must
      follow a complex and more extensive path within the metaphase chromatid.

PMID- 4016954
TI  - Ribosomal protein production in normal and anucleolate Xenopus embryos:
      regulation at the posttranscriptional and translational levels.
AB  - We have studied the regulation of ribosomal protein (r-protein) synthesis in
      Xenopus anucleolate mutants, which lack the genes for rRNA. The accumulation of
      mRNA for the two r-proteins analyzed parallels the controls up to stage 30. This
      mRNA is mobilized onto polysomes and is translated as in normal embryos, but r
      proteins are unstable in the absence of rRNA to assemble with. A translational
      control of rp-mRNA distribution between polysomes and mRNPs is observed, but this
      is not due to an autogenous regulation by r-proteins. After stage 30 the amount
      of rp-mRNA declines specifically in the mutants because the transcripts are
      unstable. Considering the temporal correlation between this event and the onset
      of r-protein synthesis we suggest that an autogenous control operates at the
      level of transcript stability.

PMID- 4016955
TI  - Reconstitution of a developmental clock in vitro: a critical role for astrocytes
      in the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
AB  - The rat optic nerve contains three types of macroglial cells: type 1 astrocytes
      first appear at embryonic day 16 (E16), oligodendrocytes at birth (E21), and type
      2 astrocytes between postnatal days 7 and 10. The oligodendrocytes and type 2
      astrocytes develop from a common, bipotential O-2A progenitor cell. We show here
      that although O-2A progenitor cells in E17 optic nerve prematurely stop dividing
      and differentiate into oligodendrocytes within 2 days in culture, when cultured
      on a monolayer of type 1 astrocytes, they continue to proliferate; moreover, the
      first cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes after 4 days in vitro, which is
      equivalent to the time that oligodendrocytes first appear in vivo. Our findings
      suggest that the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation depends on an
      intrinsic clock in the O-2A progenitor cell that counts cell divisions that are
      driven by a growth factor (or factors) produced by type 1 astrocytes.

PMID- 4016956
TI  - Introduction of a selectable gene into primitive stem cells capable of long-term
      reconstitution of the hemopoietic system of W/Wv mice.
AB  - We have used the random chromosomal integration sites of retrovirus vectors as
      unique clonal markers to analyze cell lineage relationships within the
      hemopoietic stem cell hierarchy. Using a high efficiency protocol for retrovirus
      mediated gene transfer, anemic W/Wv mutant mice were reconstituted with bone
      marrow cells infected with a NEO vector. Analysis of the DNA from bone marrow,
      thymus, and spleen of these reconstituted W/Wv mice indicated insertion of the
      vector into primitive pluripotent stem cells capable of producing both myeloid
      and lymphoid progeny as well as into more committed stem cells apparently
      restricted to either the myeloid or lymphoid lineages. The neo gene was also
      expressed in these mice, as they contained a variety of G418 resistant in vitro
      colony-forming cells. These results demonstrate high-efficiency gene transfer and
      expression in primitive hemopoietic stem cells and provide a direct approach for
      analyzing the hemopoietic stem cell hierarchy.

PMID- 4016957
TI  - DNA repeat size in chick embryonic lens epithelium, lens fiber, brain and liver
      cell nuclei.
AB  - The DNA repeat size is determined by micrococcal nuclease digestion kinetics and
      subsequent electrophoresis of the products among various chick embryonic tissues.
      The repeat size is found to be not significantly different from 193 to 197 bp,
      for brain and liver at 11 days and for lens epithelium and fiber at different
      embryonic stages. However, the pattern of micrococcal digestion seems to reveal
      an overall chromatin modification as a function of development in the lens
      fibers.

PMID- 4016958
TI  - Oculopotency of embryonic quail pineals as revealed by cell culture studies.
AB  - Pineal bodies from 8-day-old quail embryos were dissociated and cultured in order
      to examine their potency for differentiation under in vitro conditions. Polygonal
      pigment cells and lentoid bodies started to differentiate after about 2 and 4
      weeks, respectively. Lentoid bodies were shown immunologically to contain all
      classes of crystallins. The results indicate that embryonic pineal cells of avian
      species retain 'oculopotency' to differentiate into several types of ocular
      cells.

PMID- 4016959
TI  - Abstracts of the papers presented at the Tenth International Congress of the
      International Society of Developmental Biologists, August 4-9, 1985, Los Angeles,
      California. New discoveries and technologies.

PMID- 4016960
TI  - Immunization of susceptible BALB/c mice against Leishmania braziliensis. II. Use
      of temperature-sensitive avirulent clones of parasite for vaccination purposes.
AB  - Avirulent clones of Leishmania braziliensis were produced by treatment of
      parental parasite stock with the mutagen N-methyl-N'-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine and selection for growth at 19 degrees C. These clones have a
      clear preference for infection and growth in vitro at 19 degrees C rather than
      the normal 28 degrees C. In addition, they can be used to vaccinate naive mice
      successfully against growth of the parental parasite clones. Immunity can be
      adoptively transferred from vaccinated mice by Lyt-1+ cells from immunized
      animals.

PMID- 4016961
TI  - Functional analysis of macrophage hybridomas. III. Inhibition of lymphocyte
      blastogenesis and tumor proliferation.
AB  - Four cloned macrophage hybridoma cells prepared by fusion of splenic adherent
      cells with a P388D1 macrophage tumor markedly inhibited the growth of lymphocytes
      and tumor cells. Macrophage clones 5, 8, 63, and 64 are strong inhibitors of B
      cell blastogenesis, T-cell blastogenesis, and tumor proliferation, while the
      P388D1, tumor line and clones 13, 59, and 67 demonstrated little inhibitory
      activity in all three systems. The inhibitory effect of macrophage hybridomas can
      be detected within 8 hr, although greater inhibition was noted following longer
      incubation. The correlations among these three assay systems suggest that similar
      mechanisms may be involved. The data indicate that the inhibition of cell
      proliferation was not due to cell lysis. Furthermore, the inhibition of
      lymphocyte proliferation in Con A-stimulated cultures was not accompanied by
      inhibition of lymphokine production in the same cultures. Neither prostaglandins
      nor hydrogen peroxide appear to be primarily responsible for growth inhibition.
      The inhibitory properties of these macrophage hybridoma lines represent a stable
      phenotype and provide a homogeneous source of cells for further analysis of the
      phenomenon.

PMID- 4016962
TI  - Chronic graft-versus-host disease as a model for scleroderma. II. Mast cell
      depletion with deposition of immunoglobulins in the skin and fibrosis.
AB  - We explored the pathologic changes in the skin of mice undergoing a chronic graft
      versus-host (GVH) reaction. In rodents and in man, chronic GVH includes the
      deposition of excess collagen in the skin-a reaction which resembles idiopathic
      scleroderma. GVH disease across minor histocompatibility barriers was produced by
      injecting B10.D2 cells into irradiated BALB/c mice. These strains are identical
      at the H-2 and Mls loci but differ in minor histocompatibility antigens. Control
      BALB/c mice received irradiation and BALB/c cells. Serial skin biopsies were
      taken and studied for histological changes characteristic of chronic GVHD, for
      mast cell density, and for the deposition of immunoreactants. GVHD was produced
      in B10.D2----BALB/c mice as measured by body weight loss and the production of
      skin changes including dermal fibrosis, loss of fat and appendages, and a
      mononuclear cell infiltrate. Dermal mast cells, assessed by toluidine blue
      staining, were normal at Day 11, but had disappeared by Days 21-63 and returned
      to normal by Day 104. Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM appeared at the dermo
      epidermal junction and along the basement membrane zone of hair follicles. This
      deposition was maximal at Day 42 and waned thereafter. Thus the appearance of
      immunoglobulins in the skin was maximal when mast cell staining was minimal. The
      changes in this GVHD model leading to a scleroderma-like picture in the skin are
      compatible with an immune etiology for the fibrosis. Vasodilation following
      liberation of mast cell mediators would facilitate the deposition of
      immunoglobulins. The disappearance of mast cell staining may be caused by
      extensive degranulation. We postulate an interaction between GVHD-activated T
      cells, mast cell stimulation, fibroblast activation, and fibrosis.

PMID- 4016963
TI  - Differences in the response of non-dividing human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) to
      inducers of DNA synthesis generated by cycling HDF and HeLa cells.
AB  - The ability of non-dividing WI-38 cells from different passages to respond to
      inducers of DNA synthesis generated by other WI-38 cells in G1 or S and HeLa
      cells in S was studied. The non-dividing cells are refractory to inducers of DNA
      synthesis generated by WI-38 cells in S but respond to HeLa inducers after a lag
      period of 3 hours. The WI-38 cells in G1 are not inhibited from entering S in the
      presence of non-dividing cell nuclei in the heterokaryons.

PMID- 4016964
TI  - Turnover of nascent proteins in HeLa-S3 cells and the quasi-linear incorporation
      kinetics of amino acids.
AB  - The turnover of nascent proteins in HeLa S-3 cells was estimated simultaneously
      with synthesis by the difference between the expected accumulation of
      radioactivity, based on rate determinations from very short pulse treatments,
      from that observed by continuous exposure for 100 min. The results were similar
      to those from conventional pulse-chase analysis, but not identical for reasons
      which are discussed. They confirm that extensive protein turnover accompanies
      synthesis in the growing cell, and therefore net synthesis is much lower than
      gross synthesis. Cells retained all proteins synthesised during heat treatment at
      45 degrees C, indicating the complete inhibition of protein degradation, cells
      retaining all proteins synthesised. This particular perturbation experimentally
      validated the deficit method, and its potential usefulness in future turnover
      studies.

PMID- 4016965
TI  - Increased replication in plant nuclei, whose spread chromatin contains enlarged
      nucleosomal linkers, is only partially due to a rise in the number of DNA
      elongating chains.
AB  - Dormant and proliferating meristems of Allium cepa L. roots were compared. In
      vivo DNA synthesis was nine times higher in proliferating meristems, partially
      due to a 2.5 times increase in the relative number of DNA elongating chains, as
      estimated after the assay for 3H-TTP incorporation in permeabilized cells.
      Stereology done on conventional electronmicrographs showed that nucleoplasm was
      nearly three times larger in nuclei of proliferating meristems, while the amount
      of compact chromatin did not diminish but redistributed instead, resulting that
      the chromatin/nucleoplasm interface increased. Finally, the nucleosomal linker 
      as seen after the spreading of the chromatin fibres- was larger and more variable
      in proliferating than in dormant meristems.

PMID- 4016966
TI  - Adenylate cyclase of Dictyostelium discoideum: solubilization and Mn2+
      dependency.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase from Dictyostelium discoideum was solubilized under alkaline
      conditions using the zwitterionic detergent CHAPS. In contrast to the membrane
      bound adenylate cyclase, the solubilized enzyme can use only Mn2+, but is
      inactive in the presence of Mg2+.

PMID- 4016968
TI  - Symposium on rehabilitation of the injured athlete.

PMID- 4016967
TI  - Effects of spermine on transferrin and iron uptake by reticulocytes: II. Changes
      in intravesicular pH.
AB  - An increase in extracellular spermine concentration brought about a progressive
      rise in intralysosomal pH in rabbit reticulocytes. Since intracellular release of
      iron from transferrin is believed to involve the protonation of the iron
      transferrin complex, the rise in intralysomal pH could account for the inhibitory
      effect of spermine on iron uptake. The inhibition could be reversed if spermine
      was removed by washing. As a result of spermine treatment, more acid-labile N
      terminal monoferric transferrin and less apotransferrin were released from the
      cell. These results are consistant with the protonation theory of iron release.

PMID- 4016969
TI  - Guidelines for rehabilitation of sports injuries.
AB  - Rehabilitation involves a functional progression through a systematic program of
      physical reconditioning involving the re-establishment of intact articulations
      and muscles, pain-free joints and muscles, joint flexibility, muscular strength,
      muscular endurance, muscular speed, integrated and coordinated movement (skill
      patterns), and cardiovascular endurance. Specific demands must be imposed upon
      the body to bring about redevelopment of each phase. A proper diagnosis prior to
      beginning, and constant monitoring of the patient's progress during,
      rehabilitation are necessary so that the demands of the therapeutic regimen can
      be adjusted according to the patient's progress. The DAPRE technique objectifies
      isotonic and loaded isometric strength development and therefore stimulates
      greater strength gains during rehabilitation than other techniques do.

PMID- 4016970
TI  - Therapeutic exercise.
AB  - Physical activity provides the biologic stimulus for a number of body adaptive
      mechanisms and therefore is a potent force in both prevention and treatment of
      sports injury. It has been shown, however, that therapeutic exercise must be
      prescribed with precision and care if it is to be of optimal value. There are no
      "general" effects of exercise. The effects of exercise on the cellular structure
      of muscle, connective tissue, and the nervous system are specific to the
      intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise and dependent on the length of
      time after injury.

PMID- 4016971
TI  - Braces and taping.
AB  - Many different types of knee supports are available. Some aid the patient to
      obtain an early full range of motion and normal strength after injury. Others aid
      in preventing reinjury. Still others provide the patient with comfort and a
      feeling of support and serve merely as a reminder to exert caution in sports
      activity. It is the physician's responsibility to learn the capabilities and
      limitations of these various devices so that they can be used effectively in his
      or her practice.

PMID- 4016972
TI  - Rehabilitation of neck and low back injuries.
AB  - Sports-related mechanisms of cervical and lumbar spine injury and their clinical
      presentations have been discussed. The keys to treatment of these injuries in the
      athlete include rehabilitation of the injured area, recognition of the mechanism
      of injury, and correction of any technical faults that may have contributed
      thereto. Criteria for return to sport are a critical part of the rehabilitation
      of the injured athlete. Most importantly, the practitioner can anticipate
      potential areas of injury and can recommend prehabilitation exercises to avert
      many of these injuries.

PMID- 4016973
TI  - Shoulder rehabilitation.
AB  - All injuries to the shoulder either directly or indirectly involve the muscles of
      the shoulder. The involved muscles can easily be identified by examination and
      rehabilitated utilizing isotonic and isokinetic exercises. The majority of
      recurring injuries or symptoms following the treatment of a shoulder injury and
      return to activity are due to either lack of adequate rehabilitation or
      inappropriate rehabilitation.

PMID- 4016974
TI  - Rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate deficient knee.
AB  - Progressive rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate deficient knee requires
      attention to the signs of recovery or lack of it, so that the rehabilitation
      program can be adjusted. A close monitoring program by the physician or
      therapist, or both, is more effective than the introduction of complicated
      equipment. By dividing the rehabilitation program into segments with specific
      goals and responsibilities, an informed rehabilitation team (physician,
      therapist, patient) can progress from injury to complete neuro-musculo-skeletal
      re-education.

PMID- 4016975
TI  - Rehabilitation of the ankle.
AB  - The ankle is the most frequently injured major joint, and ankle sprain is the
      most frequent sports injury. If the injured ankle is managed correctly from the
      beginning, pain and swelling and the resultant disability will be kept to a
      minimum. Early return to participation predisposes the athlete to reinjury. Not
      only must strength and flexibility be restored, but the athlete must also be pain
      free and have regained his or her proprioceptive abilities.

PMID- 4016976
TI  - Psychologic aspects of athletic rehabilitation.
AB  - Physicians and sports medicine professionals are, by the interpersonal nature of
      their work, professional communicators. Communication, being multidimensional,
      requires attentiveness not only to proper outward health practices but also to
      the internal response of the patient. The format described here and outlined in
      Table 1 gives a practical model to use, so that as treatment proceeds, patients
      are influenced at the emotional level with calm, with direction, and with
      reassurance. Lastly, these guidelines should be used to revise or complement what
      is already being done. They are not meant to replace a program that is already
      established.

PMID- 4016977
TI  - [Immunocomplexes in pregnancy. I. Determination of circulating complexes using
      the PEG method].

PMID- 4016978
TI  - [Cholesterol in the amniotic fluid in the last trimester of pregnancy].

PMID- 4016979
TI  - [Total spermagglutinating antibodies and sperm penetration of cervical secretions
      in infertile women].

PMID- 4016980
TI  - [Work activity of women treated for malignant neoplasms of the reproductive
      organs].

PMID- 4016981
TI  - [Chromium in the environment and its relation to human reproduction].

PMID- 4016982
TI  - [Levels of cortisol in plasma in the fetus and neonate].

PMID- 4016983
TI  - [Microsurgical treatment of female sterility--selection and preparation of
      patients, peroperative precautions and postoperative care].

PMID- 4016984
TI  - [Postcoagulation iatropathology of the cervix uteri].

PMID- 4016985
TI  - [Acute pyosalpinx as a sudden acute abdomen].

PMID- 4016986
TI  - [Collection of vaginal secretions in girls using a sliding holder].

PMID- 4016987
TI  - [Case reports from Cambodia].

PMID- 4016988
TI  - [Primary failure of the development of the chorion in chromosome 16 trisomy].

PMID- 4016989
TI  - [The receptor for estrogens is not located in the cytoplasm, but in the cell
      nucleus of the target tissue].

PMID- 4016990
TI  - [Blood glycerol levels in pregnant women with a potential glucose tolerance
      disorder during a stress test. Relation to the birth weight of the fetus].

PMID- 4016991
TI  - [The effect of prenatal therapy with corticosteroids on the incidence intranatal
      fetal hypoxia].

PMID- 4016993
TI  - [Sex life of women treated for malignant tumors of the reproductive organs].

PMID- 4016992
TI  - [Interstitial pregnancy].

PMID- 4016994
TI  - [The most frequent causes of heart failure in pregnancy].

PMID- 4016995
TI  - [Pregnancy in adolescence].

PMID- 4016997
TI  - [Anemia in the etiology of threatened late abortion and premature labor].

PMID- 4016996
TI  - [Actinomycosis of the internal genitalia].

PMID- 4016998
TI  - [Bichorionic pregnancy as a cause of posthemorrhagic shock].

PMID- 4016999
TI  - [A case of treated primary sterility and the course of pregnancy in the
      amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome associated with pituitary adenoma and
      hyperprolactinemia].

PMID- 4017000
TI  - [An analysis of the causes of congenital defects from the viewpoint of the
      teratologist].

PMID- 4017001
TI  - [Increased doses of clomiphene for ovulation induction].

PMID- 4017002
TI  - [The female prostate or Skene's glands and ducts? (Reasons for returning to De
      Graaf's original term)].

PMID- 4017003
TI  - [Immunotherapy of trichomoniasis and the so-called nonspecific colpitis].

PMID- 4017004
TI  - [Episiotomy and perineal protection--generally an unnecessary operation and a
      useless, occasionally risky maneuver?].

PMID- 4017005
TI  - [Compulsory confidentiality in heterologous insemination].

PMID- 4017006
TI  - [Regulation of food intake in ruminants].

PMID- 4017007
TI  - [Measurement of the rectal temperature of rats using a thermoresistor
      thermometer].

PMID- 4017008
TI  - [Evaluation of biological data using nonparametric estimation of the average
      difference on the TI-59 calculator].

PMID- 4017009
TI  - [A labyrinth stimulator using galvanic current, suitable for determining
      vestibulo-postural relations].

PMID- 4017010
TI  - [Identification and classification of proteins in the subretinal fluid. I. Use of
      specific antisera for differentiating between individual proteins in the
      subretinal fluid].

PMID- 4017011
TI  - [Identification and classification of proteins in subretinal fluid. II.
      Significance of the electrophoretic analysis of proteins in the subretinal fluid
      in estimating the duration of retinal detachment and the prognosis for its
      healing].

PMID- 4017012
TI  - [Visual function after surgery of compressive lesions in the area of the anterior
      intracranial part of the visual pathway].

PMID- 4017013
TI  - [Malignant melanoma of the orbit. Case reports].

PMID- 4017014
TI  - [The effect of ionizing radiation on the eye. I].

PMID- 4017015
TI  - [Uptake of 75Se-selenite by ocular tissue in laboratory rats].

PMID- 4017016
TI  - [Pseudoaphakia in childhood].

PMID- 4017017
TI  - [Demodex folliculorum].

PMID- 4017018
TI  - [The effect of the He-Ne laser on wound healing].

PMID- 4017019
TI  - [Changes in the phagocytic activity of neutrophilic leukocytes after irradiation
      with the He-Ne laser].

PMID- 4017020
TI  - [The effect of irradiation with the He-Ne laser on salivary lysozyme].

PMID- 4017021
TI  - [A single-phase reconstruction of the tympanic membrane and the auditory
      ossicles].

PMID- 4017022
TI  - [Morphologic changes in extracted colla mallei].

PMID- 4017023
TI  - [The effect of the age of miners on the development of occupational hearing
      loss].

PMID- 4017024
TI  - [Craniofacial changes in unilateral aplasia of the ear (radiographic study)].

PMID- 4017025
TI  - [Sinusocopy in children and adolescents].

PMID- 4017026
TI  - [Tympanometry in childhood].

PMID- 4017027
TI  - [Rehabilitation of the voice in patients with Reinke's edema after microsurgical
      treatment].

PMID- 4017028
TI  - [Calcification in the heart. III. Calcification of the myocardium in chronic
      uremia].
AB  - The distribution of calcium deposits in the heart of a patient with chronic
      uremia was studied by means of x-ray examination [mammography]. The calcification
      shares features of both dystrophic and metastatic type. It affects predominantly
      the left ventricular myocardium.

PMID- 4017029
TI  - [Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in the aged. II. Quantitative aspects].
AB  - A quantitative aspect was instrumental in the distinction of late Alzheimer's
      disease from senile brain lesion in 9 cases from a group of 10. Eight to ten
      plaques in one microscopical field [magnification 400 X] were a decisive finding
      in Brodmann's area 10 or 21. Neuronal decrease in nucleus basalis was a less
      reliable feature [7: 10], neuronal frequency in locus coeruleus was the same as
      in control group. Another criterion seems to be necessary when border line cases
      of histological Alzheimer's disease with dementia and without dementia are to be
      distinguished. Subclinical forms of Alzheimer's disease in old age can be
      supposed because of the finding of plaques in neocortex and neuronal decrease in
      nucleus basalis in several cases of the control group.

PMID- 4017030
TI  - [Trichorrhexis nodosa in electron microscopy].
AB  - Trichorrhexis nodosa, i. e. a hair fracturing into brush-like widened stumps, was
      analyzed in an imbecile 4 year-old boy without any sign of aminoaciduria or
      disturbance of copper metabolism. Scanning electron microscopy showed smoothed
      hair cuticula with irregular ridges and surface splitting. According to the
      transmission electron microscopy disintegration of superficial and profound
      cuticular elements as well was due to progressive development of vacuoles and
      clefts in amorphous keratin.

PMID- 4017031
TI  - [A fatal disease of the heart in primary and secondary hemochromatosis].
AB  - In a 53 year-old man suffering from idiopathic hemochromatosis a massive
      myocardial siderosis occurred with disperse necroses and fibroses especially in
      subepicardial zone of the left ventricle. A similar picture was observed at
      secondary hemochromatosis in a 33 year-old woman with sideroblastic anemia after
      repeated blood transfusions. Both patients died of the failure of hypertrophic
      heart.

PMID- 4017032
TI  - [Rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood. I. Histologic structure].
AB  - Histological structure of rhabdomyosarcoma was studied in a group of 37 children.
      The classification was: embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in 28 cases, alveolar
      rhabdomyosarcoma in 9 cases. 5 cases showed an ambivalent structure. The
      diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma is based on cytology: various rhabdomyoblasts are
      to be identified as well as distinguished from similar cells. The structural
      point of view is helpful but diagnostic only in typical cases of sarcoma
      botryoides and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Undifferentiated cells maturating into
      rhabdomyoblasts combined with numerous polymorphic cells were found consecutive
      investigations of individual cases.

PMID- 4017033
TI  - [Idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit in childhood. II. Biopsy].
AB  - Idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumour of the orbit was observed in three children
      in the age of 5, 8 and 9 years. It was characterized by mixed inflammatory
      cellularity with prevailing lymphocytes and eosinophilic leucocytes. Cellularity
      was often perivascular, a concentric lamellar perivascular fibrosis occurred
      later. Minute necroses of adipose tissue were found in two cases resulting in
      giant-cell lipogranuloma. Tumorous symptoms receded promptly after administration
      of corticoids in all cases.

PMID- 4017034
TI  - [Calcification in the heart. I. Spontaneous coronary embolism due to calcified
      material].
AB  - Thirty-one hearts with advanced calcification of one or both left heart valves
      were investigated for the presence of spontaneous "calcific" emboli. X-ray
      (mammography) showed coronary emboli in 14 cases, that is in 45% of the whole
      series. A total of 265 "calcific" emboli (205 intracoronary and 60 in the left
      ventricular cavity) was demonstrated. The embolisation occurred most frequently
      and most extensively in association with postrheumatic mitral valve disease.
      Coronary "calcific" embolisation must be considered in the differential diagnosis
      of symptoms of ischemic heart disease in patients suffering from valvular heart
      lesions.

PMID- 4017035
TI  - [Calcification in the heart. II. Massive calcification of the myocardium].
AB  - A case is presented of a 19-year-old African with massive coarse nodular
      calcification affecting selectively the left heart myocardium. The calcification
      is dystrophic in nature and its cause is unknown. There are only 4 similar cases
      described in the literature.

PMID- 4017036
TI  - [Psychophysiology and its methodology].

PMID- 4017037
TI  - [The development and significance of synkinetic segmental hypermotility of the
      cervical vertebrae in the sagittal plane].

PMID- 4017038
TI  - [The level and laterality of synkinetic segmental hypermotility of vertebrae in
      the sagittal plane].

PMID- 4017039
TI  - [Use of the F wave in clinical electromyography].

PMID- 4017040
TI  - [Electrophoresis of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and blood on thin-layer
      agarose. Methods and normal values].

PMID- 4017041
TI  - [Comparison of the electrophoresis of proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and
      blood on thin-layer agarose and on paper].

PMID- 4017042
TI  - [Multifocal cerebral, meningeal and subcutaneous cysticercosis].

PMID- 4017043
TI  - [Herpetic encephalitis].

PMID- 4017044
TI  - [An unusual case of self-mutilation].

PMID- 4017045
TI  - [A case of agranulocytosis during treatment with thioridazine].

PMID- 4017046
TI  - [International classification of diseases from the aspect of pediatric and
      adolescent psychiatry].

PMID- 4017047
TI  - [The legal importance of the citizen's will in the modern development of mental
      health care].

PMID- 4017048
TI  - [An attempt to integrate and complete information about patients and to simplify
      work with medical records].

PMID- 4017049
TI  - [Somatic diseases in patients in psychiatric facilities].

PMID- 4017050
TI  - [Malignant neuroleptic syndrome].

PMID- 4017051
TI  - [Behavior pattern in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4017052
TI  - [Idealogic basis of postgraduate work in Czechoslovak psychiatry].

PMID- 4017053
TI  - [The therapeutic and management roles of psychiatry].

PMID- 4017054
TI  - [Postgraduate preparation of psychiatrists for work in ambulatory care].

PMID- 4017055
TI  - [The role of clinical psychology in adult psychiatry].

PMID- 4017056
TI  - [Experience with radiotherapy in therapeutically resistant schizophrenia].

PMID- 4017057
TI  - [Rehabilitation therapy as a part of comprehensive psychiatric care in a clinical
      setting].

PMID- 4017058
TI  - [Evaluation of the record of the questioning of the accused and the witness by an
      expert psychiatrist].

PMID- 4017059
TI  - [Do "sexually immature" pedophilic delinquents differ from pedophiles?].

PMID- 4017060
TI  - [Clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis in children
      and adolescents].

PMID- 4017061
TI  - [Levels of blood lipids and blood pressure in children in families with a history
      of cardiovascular disease. II].

PMID- 4017062
TI  - [NK cells in children].

PMID- 4017063
TI  - [Atypical Guillain-Barre syndromes in childhood].

PMID- 4017064
TI  - [Cardiac disease in chronic juvenile arthritis].

PMID- 4017065
TI  - [Treatment of gynecomastia with oxymetholone and its excretion in urine].

PMID- 4017066
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of hematuria and proteinuria in childhood].

PMID- 4017068
TI  - [Analysis of the work of the district pediatrician in nurseries].

PMID- 4017067
TI  - [Analysis of mycoflora in dehydrated semolina for children].

PMID- 4017070
TI  - [The importance of proper footwear in children].

PMID- 4017069
TI  - [Vesico-ureteral reflux in celiac disease].

PMID- 4017071
TI  - [Prevention of errors in ambulatory pediatric practice].

PMID- 4017072
TI  - [Child care in Hungary. I].

PMID- 4017073
TI  - [Child care in the Gyor-Sopron District. II].

PMID- 4017074
TI  - [Osseous complications after BCG vaccination].

PMID- 4017075
TI  - [Pulmonary function as an indicator of lung growth in patients with pituitary
      nanism].

PMID- 4017076
TI  - [Antibodies to gluten in children with celiac sprue determined by the ELISA
      method].

PMID- 4017077
TI  - [Metabolic defects in children with fetal hydantoin syndrome].

PMID- 4017078
TI  - [Stress fractures of the tibia in children].

PMID- 4017079
TI  - [Metachromatic leukodystrophy with a familial incidence; prenatal diagnosis].

PMID- 4017080
TI  - [Vascular malformations imitating a patent ductus arteriosus].

PMID- 4017081
TI  - [Use of immunology in pediatric neurology].

PMID- 4017082
TI  - [Possibilities of improving ambulatory care of children with chronic diseases].

PMID- 4017083
TI  - [Flatfoot in children].

PMID- 4017085
TI  - [The functioning of the family from the viewpoint of the pediatrician and social
      worker].

PMID- 4017084
TI  - [An iatrogenic cause of a foreign body in the blood circulation].

PMID- 4017086
TI  - [Changes in pulmonary hemodynamics in children with congenital heart defects and
      left-right shunts].

PMID- 4017087
TI  - [Long-term study of neonates at risk and neonates in a control group. III.
      Changes in the social conditions of the families of the studied group of children
      from ages 1 to 3].

PMID- 4017088
TI  - [Blood cholesterol in adolescents].

PMID- 4017089
TI  - [The significance of the composition of concretions in juvenile urolithiasis].

PMID- 4017090
TI  - [Transfer factor in the treatment of children with disorders of cellular
      immunity].

PMID- 4017091
TI  - [Natural killers--NK cells--in the fetus and neonate].

PMID- 4017092
TI  - [The syndrome of sudden and unexpected infant death (SID)].

PMID- 4017094
TI  - [Development of socio-medical aspects in medical activity].

PMID- 4017093
TI  - [Genetic counseling in planned and existing homogamy].

PMID- 4017095
TI  - [The aged person in the care of the community physician].

PMID- 4017096
TI  - [Characteristics of personal and family conditions of persons in early old age in
      an urban population].

PMID- 4017097
TI  - [Non-institutional care of the aged].

PMID- 4017098
TI  - [Regional differences in drug utilization].

PMID- 4017099
TI  - [The division of tasks, documentation and records in dispensary care].

PMID- 4017100
TI  - [Meetings of administrators as a part of the AIS (Automated Information System)
      of the OUNZ (District Institute of National Health)].

PMID- 4017101
TI  - Phosphate buffer and salt medium concentrations affect the inactivation of T4
      phage by platinum(II) complexes.
AB  - The initial rate of inactivation of T4 phage by solutions of [Pt(NH3)2Cl2],
      [PtenCl2] and [Pten(H2O)2] (NO3)2 at fixed values of pH is strongly reduced by
      phosphate buffer, slightly reduced by acetate buffer and apparently not
      influenced by bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminotris(hydroxymethyl)methane (BIS-Tris)
      buffer and HEPES buffer. The phosphate abolishes the antiphage activity of the
      platinum complexes probably by some sort of complex formation. This together with
      dimerization reactions qualitatively explains the tailing off of the phage
      inactivation rate. High concentrations of NaNO3 as the salt medium give increased
      phage inactivation rates, which are also strongly pH-dependent.

PMID- 4017102
TI  - Heteroassociation of O- and N-isopropyl derivatives of barbital and phenobarbital
      with 9-ethyladenine.
AB  - Heteroassociation of O- and N-isopropyl derivatives of barbital and phenobarbital
      with 9-ethyladenine (9-EA) in CCl4 solutions were studied by infrared
      spectroscopy. Cyclic heterodimers of high stability (725 less than KH less than
      1960 1 X mol-1) compared to the corresponding homodimers (20 less than KD less
      than 60 1 X mol-1) were formed. The heteroassociation constants are interpreted
      in terms of both the hydrogen bonding tendency of the donor and acceptor centres
      and the number of sites available for the formation of hydrogen bonds. Such
      measurements may contribute to the understanding of the interactions between
      barbiturates, adenosine and their receptors in the brain.

PMID- 4017103
TI  - Structure/activity studies of the nephrotoxic and mutagenic action of cysteine
      conjugates of chloro- and fluoroalkenes.
AB  - The cysteine conjugates of the nephrotoxins hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD),
      tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and hexafluoropropene (HFP), together with those of
      trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene, have been chemically synthesized and a
      relationship determined between their structures and their nephrotoxicity and
      mutagenicity in vitro. All of the conjugates had a marked effect on the uptake of
      both the organic anion p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and the cation
      tetraethylammonium bromide (TEA) into rat kidney slices, suggesting activation of
      the conjugates in the slices to a toxic species which interferes with ion
      transport. This observation is consistent with the known nephrotoxicity of HCBD,
      TFE and HFP in vivo. Each of the conjugates was found to be metabolised by rat
      kidney slices and by semi-purified rat kidney beta-lyase to pyruvate, ammonia and
      an unidentified reactive metabolite. When semi-purified beta-lyase was used
      stoichiometric amounts of pyruvate and ammonia were produced. Although all of the
      conjugates were activated by beta-lyase and had a similar effect on ion transport
      their mutagenicity differed markedly. The conjugates of HCBD, trichloroethylene
      and perchloroethylene were mutagenic in the Ames bacterial mutation assay when
      activated by rat kidney S9. Metabolic cofactors were not required suggesting that
      activation was due to the enzyme beta-lyase. In the same assay the conjugates of
      TFE and HFP were not mutagenic either in the presence or absence of rat kidney S9
      and cofactors. With a limited number of cysteine conjugates a clear distinction
      has been identified between the conjugates of chloroalkenes which were were
      similarly nephrotoxic but were not mutagenic. The mutagenicity of the cysteine
      conjugate of HCBD is consistent with the known renal carcinogenicity of this
      chemical.

PMID- 4017104
TI  - Characterization and measurement of metallothionein messenger RNA of C57BL mouse
      liver.
AB  - Liver poly(A)+RNA of Cd2+-treated C57BL mouse was characterized by cell-free
      translation, particularly intending to establish a procedure to measure the
      levels of messenger RNA coding for metallothioneins (MT-mRNA). Intact polysomes
      were obtained by Mg2+ precipitation from the liver cytoplasm of mice injected
      with 1 mg Cd2+/kg body wt. Poly(A)+RNA isolated from the polysomes was translated
      by a wheat germ cell-free system and the [35S]cysteine-labeled translation
      products were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-15% polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and fluorography. MTs were identified in the translation products
      directed by the RNA from the Cd2+-treated mice, but not in the translation
      products directed by the RNA from untreated mice. Relative incorporation of
      [35S]cysteine into MTs was determined by densitometrical quantification of the MT
      bands, and was found to be linear up to a RNA concentration of 150 micrograms/ml
      in the translation reaction mixture, showing that this system is suitable for the
      measurement of translatable MT-mRNA levels. Cd2+ stimulated the total levels of
      cell-free translation (1.4-fold at 20-60 micrograms/ml), not specifically to MT
      mRNA. MT-mRNA sedimented at 9S in a sucrose gradient, and its size was comparable
      with rat and human MT-mRNAs.

PMID- 4017105
TI  - In vivo covalent binding of retronecine-labelled [3H]seneciphylline and
      [3H]senecionine to DNA of rat liver, lung and kidney.
AB  - Retronecine-labelled [3H]seneciphylline ([3H]SPH) and [3H]senecionine ([3H]SON)
      of high specific radioactivity (22 and 49 mCi/mmol, respectively) were prepared
      biosynthetically with seedlings of Senecio vulgaris L. using [2,3-3H]putrescine
      as precursor. [2,3-3H]Putrescine was synthesized by Gabriel synthesis of 1,4
      diamino-2-butene from 1,4-dibromo-2-butene and catalytic hydrogenation of the
      product with tritium gas. Rats of both sexes were treated with the labelled
      pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) (75-215 microCi SPH or 40-485 microCi SON/kg body
      wt.) and killed after 6 h or 4-5 days. SON-treated females excreted 83.4 +/- 0.2%
      of applied radioactivity in faeces and urine within 4 days whereas equally
      treated males excreted 90.9 +/- 3.2% in the same time. Excretion of 3H-activity
      from SPH-treated females was completed within 5 days (104.7 +/- 6.4%).
      Corresponding with these results, tissue levels were highest in SON-treated
      females. DNA and proteins were isolated from liver, lungs and kidneys and
      covalent binding of the alkaloids to DNA was determined. A Covalent Binding Index
      (CBI, mumol alkaloid bound per mol nucleotides/mmol alkaloid administered per kg
      body wt.) of 210 +/- 12 was found for the liver from SON-treated females whereas
      binding to liver DNA of males was lower by a factor of 4. The DNA damage
      determined six hours after treatment persisted during the following 4 days.
      Administration of [3H]SPH to female and male rats resulted in a CBI of 69 +/- 7
      and 73/92, respectively, for the liver DNA. Furthermore we found binding of both
      alkaloids to DNA of lungs and kidneys in male and female rats. The in vivo
      formation of [3H]SON derived DNA adducts could be proved by HPLC analysis of
      hydrolyzed DNA.

PMID- 4017106
TI  - Specificity in carcinogen-DNA interaction: a theoretical exploration of the
      factors involved in the effect of neighboring bases on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea
      alkylation of DNA.
AB  - Recent experimental studies indicate that in a polynucleotide chain neighboring
      bases have a significant effect on the relative alkylation of O6 or N7 of guanine
      by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). This paper provides a theoretical exploration of
      this phenomenon in terms of an appropriate index of reactivity, called accessible
      surface integrated field (ASIF), introduced recently for the very sake of
      accounting for specificity or selectivity in drug-macromolecule interaction. The
      detailed analysis indicates that in the present case the observed variations in
      relative reactivity are attributable essentially to parallel variations in the
      accessibilities to the target atoms.

PMID- 4017107
TI  - Fe2+-supported in vivo lipid peroxidation induced by compounds undergoing redox
      cycling.
AB  - Treatment of male mice with the redox cycling compounds nitrofurantoin, paraquat,
      diquat or menadione failed to elicit in vivo lipid peroxidation as evidenced by
      ethane exhalation. The first three led to an enhanced ethane production, however,
      when the animals were pretreated with a low dose of Fe2+. While GSH-depletion by
      phorone pretreatment alone had no influence on the in vivo lipid peroxidation as
      evidenced by ethane expiration in the presence of either compound, the combined
      treatment with phorone, Fe2+ and nitrofurantoin, paraquat or diquat led to a
      further enhancement of ethane exhalation. These results indicate that redox
      cycling compounds do not initiate lipid peroxidation by themselves, but are well
      capable of stimulating the iron-induced LPO.

PMID- 4017108
TI  - Studies on the constituents of medicinal and related plants in Sri Lanka. II.
      Isolation and structures of new gamma-pyrone and related compounds from Hypericum
      mysorense Heyne.

PMID- 4017109
TI  - An enantioselective synthesis of platelet-activating factors, their enantiomers,
      and their analogues from D- and L-tartaric acids.

PMID- 4017110
TI  - A new macrocyclic hexaamine ligand for the dissolution of human inorganic
      calculi.

PMID- 4017111
TI  - A new fluorometric method for latamoxef in biological materials using 2,6-diamino
      3-nitrosopyridine.

PMID- 4017112
TI  - Heterobifunctional reagents for cross-linking of sugar with protein.

PMID- 4017113
TI  - Specific antiserum to 2-hydroxyestradiol 17-sulfate (clinical analysis on
      steroids. XXX).

PMID- 4017114
TI  - Studies on high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
      The pH-dependency of enzymic sulfation of catechol estrogens.

PMID- 4017115
TI  - The biological actions of deoxypodophyllotoxin (anthricin). I. Physiological
      activities and conformational analysis of deoxypodophyllotoxin.

PMID- 4017116
TI  - Selectivity and efficiency of utilization of galactosyl-oligosaccharides by
      bifidobacteria.

PMID- 4017117
TI  - Mechanism of action of rhatannin on plasma amino acid levels in rats.

PMID- 4017118
TI  - Hyperlipemia-improving effects of ginsenoside-Rb2 in cholesterol-fed rats.

PMID- 4017119
TI  - Inhibition of sialyltransferases of murine lymphocytes by disaccharide
      nucleosides.

PMID- 4017120
TI  - Rectal absorption of [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin in rats.

PMID- 4017121
TI  - Application of synthetic alkyl glycoside vesicles as drug carriers. I.
      Preparation and physical properties.

PMID- 4017122
TI  - Effect of chloride ions on the interaction between salicylic acid and human serum
      albumin studied by frontal affinity chromatography.

PMID- 4017123
TI  - Recirculatory moment analysis of drugs in man: estimation of extraction ratio and
      mean cycle time for single systemic and pulmonary circulation.

PMID- 4017124
TI  - Effect of crystallinity on the percutaneous absorption of corticosteroid. I.
      Determination of the degree of crystallinity of hydrocortisone acetate in ground
      mixtures with crystalline cellulose.

PMID- 4017125
TI  - Effect of tabletting on the degree of crystallinity and on the dehydration and
      decomposition points of cephalexin crystalline powder.

PMID- 4017126
TI  - Effects of neurotropin on rat liver microsomes and lysosomes, and in vitro lipid
      peroxidation.

PMID- 4017127
TI  - Structure-activity relationship of 3- and 4-acyloxy-1-(1,3-dioxolan-4
      ylmethyl)piperidine derivatives.

PMID- 4017128
TI  - Preparation of specific antisera to 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid by
      immunization with conjugates attached to protein through the C-3 position.

PMID- 4017129
TI  - Uracil derivatives. V. Syntheses and growth-inhibitory activity against L-1210
      cells of 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines and orotidine derivatives.

PMID- 4017130
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity of ginsenoside-Rb2 in
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

PMID- 4017131
TI  - Synthesis and adjuvant activity of FK-156 analogues: acyl derivatives of N-[N2-(L
      alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl)-2(L),2'(D)-diamino-1-pimeloyl ]glycine.

PMID- 4017132
TI  - Mixing of single-chain amphiphiles in two-chain lipid bilayers. 2.
      Characteristics of chlorophyll a and alpha-tocopherol incorporation in
      unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles.
AB  - As a step toward the elucidation of the biological significance of the isoprenic
      chains found ubiquitously in single-chain lipids involved in electron and energy
      transfer of chloroplasts and mitochondria, we undertook a comparative study of
      the incorporation of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and alpha-tocopherol (alpha T) in
      unilamellar phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles. We observed that while Chl alpha
      is added to the PC bilayers in a simple, almost linear way, the inclusion of
      alpha T is a sigmoid-like function characterized first by a slow variation of
      alpha T incorporation followed by a rather steep increase till saturation occurs
      at initial mol% alpha T of approx. 5%. Owing to the likeness of the isoprenic
      chains of Chl a and alpha T the simplest interpretation of the data is that the
      different mixing behaviours of the two lipids in PC vesicles are due to the
      special arrangement of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle and the chromanol ring in the
      lipid bilayers. However, no satisfactory explanation of the mechanisms involved
      can be given as yet. One possibility is that the inclusion of Chl a and alpha T
      in the membranes results from adsorption differences brought about by the extent
      of penetration of the molecule into the monolayers of the unilamellar vesicles.

PMID- 4017133
TI  - Analysis of gangliosides using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
AB  - The native gangliosides GM3, GM1, Fuc-GM1, GD1a, GD1b, Fuc-GD1b, GT1b and GQ1b
      were analysed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) in the negative
      ion mode in a matrix of thioglycerol. After permethylation the same gangliosides
      were analysed by electron impact (EI) and FAB-MS in the positive ion mode. The
      negative ion mass spectra furnished information on the molecular weight, the
      ceramide moiety and the sequence of carbohydrate residues. The sites of
      attachment and the number of sialic acids present could be deduced directly from
      the pattern of sequence ions. After addition of sodium acetate positive ion FAB
      spectra of the permethylated samples show intense pseudomolecular ions M + Na,
      that provide evidence on the homogeneity of the samples. In addition, the
      ceramide part, the oligosaccharide moiety obtained after cleavage of the
      glycosidic bond of the hexosamine residue, the whole carbohydrate chain and the
      sialic acids are represented by specific fragment ions. With EI-MS further
      information can be obtained on the sphingosine and fatty acid components of the
      ceramide residue. The data show, that the combination of soft ionization mass
      spectrometry with classical EI-MS gives valuable information on the structure and
      homogeneity of gangliosides. The method is also applicable to the structural
      elucidation or quantitation of more complex gangliosides or glycolipid mixtures
      using only micrograms of material.

PMID- 4017134
TI  - Glycolipids from Nocardia rhodochrous grown on glucose.
AB  - Nocardia rhodochrous grown on glucose-supplemented medium produced a high yield
      of a glycolipid fraction (m.p. 65-70 degrees C and [alpha]25D = + 31.4 degrees),
      identified as 6-(C40-C46) nocardomycoloylglucose. It accounted for approx. 3.4%
      of the cell dry wt. and 41% of the diethyl ether soluble lipids obtained from
      ethanol-diethyl ether extract. Dimycoloyltrehalose (cord factor) was found in a
      very small amount (0.11%).

PMID- 4017135
TI  - Lipid-specific fluorescent probes in studies of biological membranes.
AB  - Lipid-specific fluorescent probes are natural lipids carrying an apolar
      fluorophore in one of the hydrocarbon chains. Since such probes retain the head
      groups and resemble the molecular shape of native membrane lipids, they largely
      mimic the behaviour of their natural prototypes in biological membranes.
      Information provided by the lipid-specific probes is more differentiated and
      easier to interpret than that obtained from non-lipid probes. The principles of
      design of lipid-specific probes are formulated and the relative advantages and
      disadvantages of various fluorophores are discussed. In order to reduce
      ambiguities caused by perturbation of the probe environment, it is proposed to
      use, in a comparative manner, two or more lipid-specific probes resembling each
      other in all aspects except the polar head groups (the 'two probes' concept). Two
      types of fluorophores, the anthrylvinyl group and the perylenoyl group, were
      found to be well suited for the synthesis of lipid-specific probes. Use of both
      types of probes 'in tandem' opens new possibilities for studying lipid-protein
      and lipid-lipid interactions in biological membranes. The anthrylvinyl- and
      perylenoyl-labeled lipids were applied in studies of serum lipoproteins and
      erythrocyte membranes. A new highly sensitive ligand-receptor binding assay and a
      new approach to biological signal amplifying based on the use of lipid-specific
      probes are described.

PMID- 4017137
TI  - [The story of oxygen (2)].
AB  - The authors, in this second part of the oxygen story, resolutely cross the
      borders of the biophysical field, and face the origins and becoming of life, the
      stages of which are synthesized in "casket" terms, unusual for surgeons:
      "protobionts", "procariots", "cyanobacteria", "chlorophyll", "caroteonides",
      "fermentation", "anaerobic glycolysis", "eucariots", "respiratory chain",
      "mitocondria". This is not an unconventional biological exercise, but the effort
      to give clinics a more legible ground, a sort of common denominator of the most
      different pathologies, and, among these ones, at the first place, just those of
      the specialistic branch, also less frequenter of biology, that is, surgery. This
      common denominator, the oxygen radicals represent the emerging apex of, like the
      peak of an iceberg, in fact, can be only investigated through an exasperated
      "philogenetic" recovering. Such process of "archaeology" seems to be the only
      suitable to supply us the cipher-key of the ambiguous, shifty character of
      oxygen, and entrust us with a cultural patrimony being unique as it is spendable
      in an immediate clinical future.

PMID- 4017136
TI  - [Technic of multiple procurement from donor cadavers (observations on 19 cases)].
AB  - Several procedures for multiple cadaveric organ procurement have been developed
      for the recent growth of transplantation of extrarenal organs. These techniques
      permit removal of the kidneys, liver, pancreas and heart from the same donor
      without jeopardy to the kidneys above all. At the Department of Surgery - Section
      Transplantation of the University of Genoa in 1983 and 1984 19 multiple organ
      harvesting have been carried out. The kidneys were transplanted at our Center or
      at other Nit Center. Two patients received segmental pancreatic allograft. Two
      livers were sent to other Italian and European Centers and successfully
      transplanted.

PMID- 4017138
TI  - Effects of meal viscosity on serum gastrin response and gastric emptying rate in
      duodenal ulcer patients.
AB  - Addition of guar gum to a meal increases its viscosity. Two test meals of
      differing viscosities were eaten by 15 duodenal ulcer patients. Gastric emptying
      rates were measured over 120 minute periods after ingestion of the meals by
      determining the intragastric content of the polyethylene glycol which had been
      included in the meals. Serum gastrin levels were determined over the same period
      by radioimmunoassay. The gastric emptying rate was significantly (p less than
      0.05) lower after the meal of higher viscosity, but there were no significant
      differences in serum gastrin levels at any time of measurement after the two
      meals.

PMID- 4017139
TI  - [A case of duodenal duplication in the adult].
AB  - The authors describe a rare case of duodenal duplication presenting in adult
      life; the complete preoperative investigations did not substantiate. The
      diagnosis which can be accomplished in most cases only intraoperatively. The
      diagnosis is mainly based upon knowledge of the condition and upon pathologic
      examination.

PMID- 4017140
TI  - [Cystic lymphangioma: etiopathogenetic and diagnostic considerations apropos of 2
      cases].
AB  - The authors show two cases of cystic lymphangioma, one located at the neck, the
      other in the inguinal region, both arising in aged patients. From the study of
      such cases, the Authors start for studying the etiopathogenetic and histologic
      aspects, dwell upon the clinics and diagnosis of such neoplasms, and indicate as
      the sole radical treatment the surgical extirpation.

PMID- 4017141
TI  - [Partial paralysis of the right lumbar plexus caused by a traumatic hematoma of
      the ileo-psoas muscle].
AB  - The authors show a case of paralysis of right femoral nerve, subsequent to
      extrinsic compression due to traumatic hematoma of ileo-psoas muscle. What
      emerges from the revitwing of the international literature, as well as from the
      personal experience is both a complete nosographic framing and the necessity for
      an early surgical intervention.

PMID- 4017142
TI  - [Acute appendicitis: clinico-diagnostic and therapeutic considerations].
AB  - Since january 1970-december 1982, 58 patients underwent emergently appendectomy
      for acute appendicitis. 31 (53,4 percent) where males; the average age was 21 +/-
      2,3 years (M +/- SEM). The duration of symptoms ranged from 1-6 hours (10,3
      percent of cases) to over 48 hours, before the hospital admission (15,4 percent
      of cases). 27 patients (46,5 percent) had a clinical examination at home by a
      physician. 21 patients (36,4 percent) came to hospital emergency unit without
      previous physical examination; 10 (17,2 percent) were transferred from other
      departments. In 6,9 percent of cases was present a perforated appendicitis with
      peritonitis. During operation, in 50 percent of patients was performed a
      therapeutic peritoneal lavage. In 63,7 percent of cases multiple drains were
      placed in peritoneal cavity. In all patients was effected postoperative
      antibiotic profilaxis. The mortality rate was 3,4 percent. General complications
      were observed more in patients with perforated appendicitis. This review suggests
      the following remarcable data: morbidity of this disease is still high; the
      physical examination is more important than laboratory work (especially in the
      elderly patients, which are often immunodepressed and in children, with
      leucocitosis-lack at hospital admission); early surgery is the most important
      factor to the improvement of prognosis in these cases and the results of surgical
      treatment are improved by large vertical incisions, peritoneal lavage and
      application of multiple intracavitary drains.

PMID- 4017143
TI  - [Uterine multiple node fibromyomatosis associated with an asymptomatic leiomyoma
      of the small intestine].
AB  - Benign small bowel tumours are rare, often asymptomatic and are founded
      incidentally at surgery or post mortem examination. In about 70% patients with
      benign small bowel tumour were reported to have associated benign or malignant
      tumours of other districts. The Authors report a case of leiomyoma of the small
      intestine associated with multinodular leiofibromyomatosis of the uterus.

PMID- 4017144
TI  - [Thalamic fractures of the calcaneus. Indications and osteosynthesis technics].
AB  - The authors describe their therapeutical attitude as regards the thalamic
      fractures of heel, and distinguish two basic methods of surgical approach:
      reducing of thalamus and synthesis with only screws in the simple fractures;
      reducing of thalamus and restoration of the heel morphology by mtans of plate and
      screws in the complex fractures. They particularly report the satisfactory
      results got through the use of Lanzetta's plates, which, allowing a good
      reducting and a steady synthesis in the complex fractures also, permit an early
      mobilization.

PMID- 4017145
TI  - [Traumatic simultaneous bilateral fracture of the first rib].
AB  - The authors report a very rare case of traumatic simultaneous bilateral fracture
      of lrst rib with no concomitant lesions of skeleton, internal organs, or vasculo
      nervous ones.

PMID- 4017146
TI  - [Evaluation of the aftermath of trimalleolar fractures of the tibio-tarsal
      joint].
AB  - The authors have examined the follow-up of 57 cases of trimalleolar fractures
      treated by internal fixation. Statistics show a good end result. The Authors,
      moreover, report the frequent presence of synostosis tibio-fibulare distale. This
      condition, however, has no influence on ankle motion.

PMID- 4017147
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of the surgical treatment of hernias of the lumbar
      disk].
AB  - The authors present their casuistry about surgical treatment of the herniated
      lumbar disc, operated during the period from 1979-1983, underling the utility of
      the operating field without blood, obtainable with particulare prone position of
      the patient, also called "egg position", with controlled hypotension, which allow
      a complete vision without wide hemilaminectomie.

PMID- 4017148
TI  - [A case of extensor indicis brevis manus muscle].
AB  - The authors present one case of extensor indicis brevis muscle discovered
      accidentally during surgical operation for suspected synovial cyst of the left
      hand. They underlin the rarity and the facility of wrong diagnosis in the
      presence of such anomalous muscle.

PMID- 4017149
TI  - [Surgical treatment of humeral epicondylitis].
AB  - The authors show the remote reviewing of 41 patients suffering from tenuis elbow,
      surgically treated from 1975 up to 1983. The results at the checking appear
      excellent in 67,4%, good in 20,9%, sufficient in 9,4% and, at last, poor in 2,3%.

PMID- 4017150
TI  - [Osteochondritis dissecans: a rare localization].
AB  - The authors show a non-frequent location of osteochondritis, occasionally
      diagnosed owing to a trauma. In consideration of the practically inexistent
      painful symptomatology, no specific therapy was performed. The clinical and
      radiographic checking was effected after eight months.

PMID- 4017151
TI  - [Frieberg-Kohler disease. Long-term review of the surgical treatment in 20
      cases].
AB  - The authors show the reviewing of twenty patients suffering from Frieberg
      Kohler's disease, surgically treated from 1975 up to 1980. The surgical
      intervention had been suggested by the important painful symptomatology,
      resisting to the conservative therapy. At checking, the patients were all
      satisfied with the results of operation, and could start again with their usual
      job.

PMID- 4017152
TI  - Ventilation thresholds may be misinterpreted with the presentation of mean data.
AB  - Past research has used either individual or mean data to illustrate the
      determination of the ventilation thresholds. Although an individual's data may
      represent the best rather than the typical response, the accuracy and validity of
      threshold determinations can be assessed. In contrast, the presentation of mean
      data may not allow the reader to evaluate the internal validity of the results.

PMID- 4017153
TI  - Force analysis of the rowing stroke employing two differing oar grips.
AB  - The velocity of the rowing boat appears to depend on the force which the athlete
      applies at the handle of the oar. Although force is generated by legs, upper
      body, and arms, the latter are the only limbs which actually transmit and apply
      the force against the oar. The force output of the arms seem to be a function of
      the forearm position used by the athlete while gripping the oar. The traditional
      gripping technique is with the forearms in pronation. This technique was never
      challenged or scientifically researched to see whatever a modified one might lead
      to better efficiency. Consequently, the purpose of this investigation was to
      analyze whether athletes' force output differed if the gripping technique was
      changed from pronation to a semiprone grip (one arm prone, the other semiprone).
      Under the specific conditions of this investigation it was demonstrated that the
      semiprone position was generating greater force output, thus being superior to
      the classical prone grip.

PMID- 4017154
TI  - Alterations in head dynamics with the addition of a hockey helmet and face shield
      under inertial loading.
AB  - The effect of a hockey helmet and face shield on the head and neck during
      inertial loading was studied. A Hybrid III Anthropometric Test Dummy (ATD) was
      struck from both the front and rear by a spring-loaded, instrumented striker
      moving at 2.9 ms-1. Data were collected from a triaxial force transducer mounted
      at the atlanto-occipital (a-o) junction of the ATD, a load cell in the striker,
      and by cinematography (250 fps). Angular kinematics of the head and moments of
      force about the a-o junction were determined along with impact force levels. When
      compared to a bare-head condition, the addition of a helmet and face shield
      caused an increase in head angular displacement (20-40%) but did not affect head
      angular acceleration. Axial and shear forces at the a-o junction did not change
      appreciably with the addition of a helmet and face shield. A triphasic pattern
      was evident for the neck moments including a small phase which represented a
      seating of the headform on the nodding blocks of the uppermost ATD neck segment,
      and two larger phases of opposite polarity which represented the motion of the
      head relative to the trunk during the first 350 ms after impact. No substantial
      differences were apparent between the helmeted and non-helmeted trials. The
      magnitudes of forces and moments found in the present study were well within
      tolerance levels reported by others (Melvin, 1979; Cheng et al., 1982). It was
      concluded that the increase in angular displacement of the head, with the
      addition of a helmet and face shield, does not place the wearer in a position of
      increased risk of cervical spine trauma.

PMID- 4017155
TI  - Age specific prediction of maximal oxygen uptake in boys.
AB  - Maximal oxygen uptake was determined in 62 boys each year from age 11 to 15
      years. Multiple regression analyses were used to predict treadmill VO2 max at
      yearly age intervals from size measures and submaximal cycle heart rates. Derived
      equations were validated in an independent sample of 98 boys of the same age
      range. In boys aged 12 to 15 years approximately 80% or more of the variance in
      VO2 max was accounted for by age specific equations employing mass, height and
      skinfolds as explanatory variables. Prediction of VO2max was not as strong for 10
      and 11 year olds, with less than 70% of the variance explained. Measures of VO2
      or work rate and heart rate were not useful in predicting VO2max either by
      themselves or in conjunction with the size measures. The findings clearly
      demonstrated that submaximal exercise testing to predict VO2max, or
      cardiorespiratory fitness, in boys was of questionable value. The prediction of
      VO2max in boys aged 12 to 15 by in the independent sample was shown to have a
      mean absolute error of 6 to 8% while the value for age 11 y was 10%. The error is
      similar in magnitude to that of predicting VO2max with an exercise test in
      adults. The present age specific equations resulted in smaller errors of
      estimation than found in previous studies of VO2max estimation in children.

PMID- 4017156
TI  - Submaximal endurance performance related to the ventilation thresholds.
AB  - This study was undertaken to compare the variance in time to fatigue (TF) at
      intensities expressed relative to VO2max, ventilation threshold 1 (VT1) or 2
      (VT2). Two 3-min, 30 Watt incremental tests on the cycle ergometer were used to
      determine VO2max (50.7 +/- 7.2 ml X kg-1 X min-1), VT1 (51.7 +/- 3.7% VO2max) and
      VT2 (79.0 +/- 3.7% VO2max) for 16 subjects. At weekly intervals, subjects worked
      to volitional fatigue at 3 randomly-ordered power outputs that represented 73.1
      +/- 2.8, 85.4 +/- 2.8 and 95.0 +/- 3.4% VO2max. A significant quadratic
      interaction was observed for TF values between VO2max and intensity, suggesting a
      different magnitude of response related to VO2max. Subject data were then grouped
      according to VO2max into a low (N = 5, 40-44 ml X kg-1 X min-1), medium (N = 5,
      48-52 ml X kg-1 X min-1) or high (N = 6, 56-61 ml X kg-1 X min-1) category. For
      all groups, a decaying exponential function best described the relationship
      between TF and intensity. The method of expressing intensity appeared to have
      only a small effect on the proportion of variance explained by this logarithmic
      relationship (0.85 less than or equal to r2 less than or equal to 0.93). In
      contrast, however, a 30% reduction in the standard error of estimate for TF was
      observed when intensity was expressed relative to both ventilation thresholds as
      compared to the traditional expression of intensity relative to VO2max.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4017157
TI  - Accuracy of residual volume prediction--effects on body composition estimation in
      pulmonary dysfunction.
AB  - The accuracy of predicting residual volume (RV) and the effect of employing such
      predictions in the assessment of body composition by hydrostatic weighing was
      examined. Prediction equations derived by Wilmore (Med. Sci. Sports, 1969) and
      Boren et al. (Am. J. Med., 1966) were cross-validated on 400 male subjects with
      varying degrees of pulmonary dysfunction. Statistical analysis included
      comparison of predicted vs measured RV and regression analysis of measured on
      predicted values. Neither equation met acceptable statistical criteria (p greater
      than .05). Underwater weights were calculated based upon the measured RV and an
      assumed standard body weight, body density, and percent body fat (i.e., 70 kg,
      1.0647 g/cc and 15.0%). Predicted RV was then substituted in the calculation and
      the effect on standardized values examined, between the calculated and
      standardized percent fat value with both equations. Results suggest in the
      present subjects, RV cannot be accurately predicted and the use of such
      prediction equations introduces sizable errors in body composition estimation.

PMID- 4017158
TI  - Normalizing the performances of athletes in Olympic weightlifting.
AB  - A method of comparing the performances of athletes of disparate bodyweights in
      Olympic weightlifting is developed that is able to accommodate the fact that, of
      the ten bodyweight classes contested, the lighter nine have upper limits assigned
      to them while the heaviest has only a lower limit. The results are presented so
      as to answer the question "What would a given athlete weighing x kilograms total
      if he were a +110 kg. athlete of the same level of ability?"

PMID- 4017159
TI  - 1001 disorders of the ear, nose and sinuses in scuba divers.
AB  - One thousand and one disorders of the ear, nose and sinuses in 650 SCUBA divers
      were analysed for anatomical distribution and causation. The outer, middle and
      inner ears made up 64.6% with a surprising 23.9% being related to the lower jaw,
      its teeth, attached muscles and the temporo-mandibular joint. Of the remaining,
      3.1% were related to the nose, 6.6% to the sinuses and there was a miscellaneous
      group of 1.8%. Most outer ear infections seemed to be self-inflicted whilst the
      middle ear conditions were due to dysfunction of the Eustachian tube. The middle
      ear conditions were prevented by reducing nasal congestion as by cauterising the
      inferior turbinates of the nose, or by giving counselling in the technique of
      clearing the ears. Apart from Eustachian tube dysfunction in some, there is no
      clear lead as to causation of the inner ear complaints. Nasal treatment also
      relieves blockage of the ostia of the sinuses and thus sinus barotrauma. Overall
      the commonest preventable cause appears to be nasal congestion due to a variable
      mixture of infective or vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, unilateral
      hypertrophy and a deviated nasal septum.

PMID- 4017160
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate in rabbits.
AB  - In rabbits the IV kinetics of MTX (1.33, 4 and 12 mg/kg) could be described by a
      linear three-compartment model with a terminal half-life between 2.4 and 3.6 h.
      During 8 h 50% of the dose was excreted into urine in unchanged form and 15% as
      the metabolite 7-OH-MTX. These fractions remained constant with increasing dose.
      In continuous infusion experiments (9-900 micrograms/kg X min MTX IV) a decrease
      of the renal MTX clearance with increasing plasma concentration was observed.
      This effect was nearly compensated by an increase of the extrarenal MTX
      clearance. After short-term infusion of 7-OH-MTX (4 mg/kg) a biexponential
      decline of 7-OH-MTX plasma concentrations was observed with a terminal half-life
      of 0.45 h. About 80% of the dose was regained from urine during 5 h. From the
      combined pharmacokinetic data a linear model was constructed for the calculation
      of 7-OH-MTX plasma concentrations after short-term MTX infusion. For the first 4
      h after MTX application the predicted values were in good accordance with the 7
      OH-MTX concentrations actually measured.

PMID- 4017161
TI  - Effects of amino acids on the transport and cytotoxicity of melphalan by human
      bone marrow cells and human tumor cells.
AB  - In human tumor cells freshly obtained from patients with breast cancer, ovarian
      cancer, or adenocarcinoma of unknown etiology and in normal human bone marrow
      cells, the cell-to-medium ratio (intracellular/extracellular concentration) in
      vitro of 5.42 microM melphalan rose rapidly to levels of 6-17 after 35 min at 37
      degrees C in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline containing bovine serum albumin
      and glucose. Only patient C (breast cancer) had received chemotherapy. In all
      cells studied, L amino acids (1 mM) such as leucine, glutamine, tyrosine, and
      methionine reduced the cell-to-medium ratio of melphalan at 3 and 35 min. There
      was a good correlation between the reduction of melphalan transport at 35 min in
      the heterogeneous nucleated bone marrow cell population by amino acids and their
      effect on melphalan cytotoxicity in the CFU-C system. Aminoisobutyric acid (A1B),
      a specific substrate of the A system of amino acid transport, at a concentration
      between 1 and 50 mM had no significant effect on melphalan uptake at 3 min in any
      of the human cells studied except those of patient C. At 35 min A1B (10 or 50 mM)
      significantly reduced the intracellular melphalan concentration in normal bone
      marrow cells and tumor cells from patients B and C. At 2 mM, 2-aminobicyclo-(2,
      2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH), a specific substrate of the L system of
      amino acid transport, reduced the cell-to-medium ratio to 70% of control at 3 and
      35 min in human bone marrow cells. In tumor cells from patients A, B, D, and F, 2
      mM BCH had no significant effect on melphalan uptake at 3 min; it slightly
      decreased uptake in tumor cells from patient C. At 35 min, 2 mM BCH significantly
      reduced melphalan transport in tumor cells from patients C and F only. The lack
      of a BCH-suppressible component to melphalan uptake into human tumor cells
      freshly obtained from previously untreated patients contrasts with the presence
      of this component in murine L1210 leukemia cells, murine P388 leukemia cells, and
      human tumor cell lines. This suggests that minor differences in melphalan
      transport may exist amongst species and also between human tumor cells which are
      freshly obtained and cell lines maintained in culture.

PMID- 4017162
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and disposition of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin in mice by
      HPLC analysis.
AB  - The plasma level of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) declined rapidly after
      IV injection to mice, with a t1/2(alpha) of 0.453 min. Only 1.2 micrograms/ml THP
      was detected 2 min after injection of 5 mg/kg. The drug was immediately
      transferred to various tissues, where the drug levels were much higher than the
      plasma concentration. In the lung and spleen, 8.26 and 13.6 micrograms/g THP was
      present, respectively, 2 h after administration. Major metabolites of THP were 13
      dihydro-THP, ADM, 7-deoxyadriamycinone, and 7-deoxy-13-dihydro-adriamycinone.
      Only 1.12% of the dose had been recovered in the urine by 48 h after injection as
      THP and its metabolites, according to analysis by HPLC fluorospectroscopy. The
      observed disposition of THP was compared with that of adriamycin (ADM). The
      plasma disappearance and tissue transfer of THP were faster than those of ADM.
      THP levels in the spleen and lung were higher and those in the heart and liver
      were lower than the corresponding ADM levels. Drug levels declined more quickly
      in most tissues in the case of THP than of ADM. Tissue distributions after single
      bolus and multiple injections were also compared and discussed.

PMID- 4017163
TI  - A phase I and pharmacokinetic comparison of hepatic arterial and peripheral vein
      infusions of bisantrene for liver cancer.
AB  - Bisantrene (NSC-337766) was administered to five patients with cancer of the
      liver (one case of hepatocellular carcinoma, two of metastatic carcinoma of
      unknown primary, two of metastatic colorectal carcinoma). Under fluoroscopic
      guidance, percutaneous hepatic venous catheters were placed in five patients and
      percutaneous hepatic arterial catheters in four. A fifth patient's hepatic
      arterial catheter was implanted at laparotomy. Hepatic plasma flow was estimated
      by the Fick principle using peripheral vein indocyanine green infusion. On the
      first day of treatment, patients received a 2- or 4 h hepatic arterial infusion
      of bisantrene (130 mg/m2); peripheral venous, hepatic arterial, and hepatic
      venous timed blood samples were drawn during and for 18 h after drug infusion. On
      the second day of treatment, 2- or 4 h peripheral vein infusion of bisantrene
      (130 mg/m2) was followed by the same blood sampling schedule. Patients were
      followed weekly for toxicity. Four patients received only one course of
      treatment, while a fifth received two courses. All patients experienced
      leukopenia (median nadir 2400/mm3; range 1400-2700/mm3). Two patients developed
      fever after drug infusion. No antitumor responses were observed. Plasma
      bisantrene concentrations were measured by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic analyses are
      reported for four patients. The hepatic extraction ratio ranged from 15% to 49%,
      hepatic plasma clearances were 0.029-0.353 1/min/m2; peripheral vein areas under
      the concentration-time curve during hepatic arterial infusion ranged from 35% to
      50% of peripheral vein areas under the curve during peripheral vein infusion. We
      conclude that hepatic arterial bisantrene infusion offers only modest
      pharmacokinetic advantage to the target organ or to the systemic circulation over
      peripheral vein infusion.

PMID- 4017164
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of teniposide (VM 26) after IV administration in serum and
      malignant ascites of patients with ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Nine patients with ovarian carcinoma and malignant ascites treated with IV
      teniposide chemotherapy (30 mg/m2/30 min) entered this study. Plasma and
      peritoneal fluid levels were measured by an HPLC method with electrochemical
      detection. Plasma decay kinetics followed a triexponential function. A high
      variability of drug diffusion in ascites was noticed. Peak concentrations in
      ascites ranged from 1.6% to 20.5% of serum peak concentration. The concentration
      in peritoneal fluid reached a maximum level 6 h after the infusion ended.
      Teniposide was less slowly eliminated from ascites than from serum. The exposure
      of the inflammatory peritoneal fluid to the drug expressed by area under the
      concentration-time curve (AUC) was also subject to significant interindividual
      variation, ranging from 223 to 2332 micrograms/ml X min. However, the peritoneal
      AUC was correlated with serum AUC and with the systemic clearance of the drug. A
      significant relationship between gamma glutamyltranspeptidase and both systemic
      clearance and either the serum or the peritoneal AUC was found, suggesting that
      liver plays a role in drug disposition.

PMID- 4017165
TI  - A phase II study of sequential methotrexate and fluorouracil in advanced
      colorectal cancer.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with
      methotrexate (MTX) 200 mg/m2 followed 1 h later by fluorouracil (FU) (1000 mg/m2)
      and 24 h later by oral leucovorin 20 mg every 6 h for six doses. The cycle was
      repeated every 2 weeks. Among the 25 evaluable patients there were 2 complete
      responses (confirmed by liver scan) and 5 partial responses. Although
      hematological toxicity was mild, there were four episodes of nonfatal sepsis. The
      majority of patients developed an erythematous scaly rash on the palms and soles
      plus eye irritation after six courses of chemotherapy. In addition, the
      sequential MTX-FU had to be discontinued in 6 of the 7 responders because of (a)
      severe chills, (b) severe hyperpigmentation, or (c) neurologic complications
      (ataxic gait or disorientation). These results indicate that this sequential MTX
      FU has modest activity in colorectal cancer but is associated with moderately
      severe toxicity. Only randomized trials of FU alone versus sequential MTX-FU can
      determine whether sequential MTX-FU has a therapeutic advantage over FU alone in
      the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.

PMID- 4017166
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of lomustine. A case report and literature review.
AB  - A patient is presented who developed nephrotoxicity after therapy with lomustine
      (CCNU) for astrocytoma of the brain. Only three other cases of lomustine
      nephrotoxicity have been reported, and all cases have been associated with
      cumulative drug doses of greater than 1,500 mg/m2. The clinical and pathologic
      features of lomustine nephrotoxicity are reviewed. It is recommended that
      cumulative doses of more than 1,200-1,4000 mg/m2 lomustine be avoided because of
      the risk of nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4017167
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for simultaneous estimation of
      aminoglutethimide and acetylaminoglutethimide in biological fluids.
AB  - A simple rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for simultaneous
      estimation of aminoglutethimide and its acetylated metabolite
      acetylamidoglutethimide in plasma, saliva, and urine is described. This assay is
      suitable for pharmacokinetic studies in normal subjects and patients receiving
      other medication in addition to aminoglutethimide.

PMID- 4017168
TI  - Dose-response curves after in vivo experimental chemotherapy: influence of route
      of administration on biological outcomes.

PMID- 4017169
TI  - Factors influencing benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in human mammary epithelial cells
      in culture.
AB  - We have examined the human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) culture system
      developed in our laboratory for factors that might influence the metabolism of
      chemical carcinogens, specifically, the impact of interindividual variation and
      the effect of different culture conditions. Benzo[a]pyrene metabolism and DNA
      adduct formation in HMEC from 13 normal reduction mammoplasty specimens, from
      five nontumorous mastectomy tissues and from eight primary carcinomas were
      investigated. The interindividual variation in formation of water and
      organosoluble metabolites was similar in all of the three categories of HMEC. A
      similar range of variation was found for DNA adduct formation among HMEC from
      reduction mammoplasty specimens. However, when the individual results of DNA
      adduct formation in the three categories were examined, HMEC from some specimens
      from non-tumorous mastectomy tissue and primary carcinomas had significantly
      increased DNA modification. We also measured the effects of BaP concentration,
      different culture media, the length of time in culture, the culture density, and
      the frequency of feeding on the conversion of tritiated BaP to various water and
      organosoluble metabolites. The BaP metabolite pattern by HMEC was generally
      stable in the face of these variables. However, suboptimal feeding regimens and
      lengthy passaging in culture reduced the capacity of the cells to metabolize BaP.
      The yield of BaP conjugates was reduced 10-fold with lengthy passaging in culture
      whereas the organosoluble metabolite yield was halved and DNA adduct formation
      was not affected. Increasing the concentration of BaP decreased the yield of
      water soluble metabolites relative to that of organosoluble, indicating
      differences in the capacity of the enzyme systems involved. The HMEC culture
      system offers several advantages for studies into the biochemical and molecular
      basis of chemical carcinogenesis in human epithelial cells: the large numbers of
      cells required can be easily generated; cells at all stages can be frozen for
      future experiments with no loss in activity; and a high capacity for carcinogen
      activation is retained during long-term culture.

PMID- 4017170
TI  - Poly (ADP-ribose) is not involved in the rejoining of DNA breaks accumulated to
      high levels in u.v.-irradiated HeLa cells.
AB  - U.v. damage to the DNA of HeLa cells induces the polymerisation of ADP-ribose,
      but only if repair synthesis is inhibited so that incomplete repair sites (i.e.,
      DNA breaks) accumulate to abnormally high levels. 3-Aminobenzamide greatly
      reduces the ADP-ribose polymerisation response. However, 3-aminobenzamide does
      not reduce the rate of rejoining of the accumulated breaks when the inhibition of
      repair synthesis is reversed. Therefore, rejoining of these DNA breaks (in
      contrast to the rejoining of other kinds of break) appears not to depend on
      activation of polynucleotide ligase by ADP-ribosylation.

PMID- 4017171
TI  - N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induces dysplasia and cell surface markers of neoplasia in
      long-term rat bladder organ cultures.
AB  - Untreated organ cultures of normal rat bladder can be maintained for long
      periods, up to 160 days, in a supplemented Waymouth's medium MB 752/1. During
      that time, the urothelium retains a similar appearance to that seen in vivo,
      namely a three-cell thick epithelium with specialised superficial cells whose
      characteristic surface features are identifiable by scanning electron microscopy.
      These superficial cells cover the major part of the explants, but the surface
      features of basal and intermediate cells can be observed on the cut edges and re
      epithelialising surfaces of the explant. These are described and illustrated.
      When normal cultures are treated with the direct-acting carcinogen, N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea (MNU), the in vitro response of the urothelium resembles to a certain
      extent the in vivo response to MNU instilled directly into the bladder. A
      histological progression is seen through mild to severe dysplasia which resembles
      carcinoma in situ. However, no marked changes in growth pattern, such as the
      development of papillary or nodular hyperplasia are seen. It is suggested that
      this is related to the failure of the vascular and stromal elements of the
      explants to respond to MNU treatment in vitro. The development of urothelial
      dysplasia is reflected by marked changes in cell surface differentiation,
      including development of pleomorphic microvilli, which closely resemble those
      seen following MNU treatment in vivo. These changes appeared earlier and were far
      more severe in vitro than in vivo. The significance of pleomorphic microvilli in
      bladder cultures is considered. A few were seen in control cultures but primarily
      on epithelial outgrowths onto the Millipore filter support, suggesting a
      relationship to the distance of the urothelium from viable stromal support. In
      the MNU-treated cultures, they were numerous and found on the surface of cells
      covering most of the explants. They were not solely related to the proliferative
      state of the urothelium in these cultures. This in vitro culture system provides
      a useful model with which to study the effects on the urothelium of various known
      and suspect carcinogens.

PMID- 4017172
TI  - Agglutination by concanavalin A of urothelial cells of heterotropically
      transplanted rat urinary bladders: effect of bladder carcinogens and urine.
AB  - N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN) has been considered to be a
      carcinogenic urinary metabolite of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. No
      tumor developed, however, in the heterotropically transplanted rat urinary
      bladders (HTBs) following repeated instillation of BCPN dissolved in
      physiological saline. In the present study, the possibility that BCPN dissolved
      in urine may induce tumors was explored using a short-term screening assay. When
      tested with the concanavalin A agglutination assay with which a close correlation
      between increase in cell agglutinability and carcinogenicity of test compounds
      has been well demonstrated, no significant increase in agglutinability
      attributable solely to BCPN was observed in HTB cells whether it was dissolved in
      saline or urine. Based on the current findings together with other available
      data, it is suggested that urothelial cells have a very limited capability to
      activate BCPN to the ultimate carcinogen, and require continuous contact with the
      carcinogen to respond with tumor formation.

PMID- 4017173
TI  - Toxicity of orally administered fat to the colonic epithelium of mice.
AB  - C57BL/6J mice were given a gavage of from 0.1 to 0.4 ml beef tallow (BT) or corn
      oil (CO). The damaging effect of the orally administered fat boluses could be
      visualized 2-4 h later by instilling the excised animal colons with Trypan blue,
      a vital dye that stains non-viable cells. Microscopic examination of sections
      prepared at these times revealed that the tall columnar cells on the surface of
      the normal epithelium were replaced with cells demonstrating flattened,
      pleomorphic, pyknotic and fragmented nuclei. This phenomenon was quantitated by
      scoring 100 intercrypt epithelial zones between well-defined crypts. The maximum
      damage, affecting 25-45% of the epithelial zones, was seen at 2-4 h after
      treatment with 0.4 ml of BT or CO and the epithelium appeared normal with less
      than 10% damage at 12 h. The mitotic activity in the colonic crypts was unchanged
      up to 8 h and then showed a marked increase of 2- to 3-fold at 12-16 h. The
      severity of the epithelial damage and ensuing mitogenic response was related to
      the size of the fat bolus. These observations would suggest that the effects of
      any carcinogens present in the diet or formed in the feces could be enhanced if a
      fatty meal results in colonic damage and subsequent cell proliferation as we have
      observed in mice.

PMID- 4017174
TI  - Target organ-specific covalent DNA damage preceding diethylstilbestrol-induced
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - The synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES), a known human carcinogen,
      induces renal carcinoma in male Syrian hamsters within 6 months after s.c.
      implantation. Tumor formation could be evoked by its hormonal properties or by a
      reactive genotoxic metabolite binding to DNA, but previous attempts to detect
      adducts have failed. In the present study, kidney DNA of male Syrian hamsters,
      treated with s.c. DES implants to induce renal carcinoma, was analyzed for the
      presence of DES-induced adducts using 32P-postlabeling assay. Covalently-modified
      DNA nucleotides were detected in the kidneys after chronic DES treatment, but not
      in kidneys of untreated hamsters, or in liver or tumor tissue of DES-treated
      animals. This report demonstrates for the first time the ability of an estrogen
      to give rise to covalent DNA modification in vivo specifically in the target
      organ of carcinogenesis. DES-induced covalent DNA adducts are taken as evidence
      for tumor initiation by DES via damage to cellular macromolecules, in addition to
      tumor-promotional effects described previously.

PMID- 4017175
TI  - Retinoids have different effects on morphological transformation and anchorage
      independent growth of Syrian hamster embryo cells.
AB  - The effect of different retinoids on morphological transformation and anchorage
      independent growth of Syrian hamster embryo cells has been studied. Retinoic acid
      and its derivatives were found to induce morphological transformation of hamster
      embryo cells, and to synergistically increase the transformation frequency when
      exposed in combination with benzo[a]pyrene. The increase was maintained when the
      cells were sequentially exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and retinoids in a similar way
      as observed for tumor promoting phorbol esters. At the same time retinoids were
      found to strongly decrease anchorage independent growth of a hamster embryo cell
      line. The present results support previous findings indicating that retinoids may
      have an enhancing effect on the early stages in carcinogenesis, and an inhibitory
      effect on the later stages.

PMID- 4017176
TI  - Hepatic N-oxidation, acetyl-transfer and DNA-binding of the acetylated
      metabolites of the carcinogen, benzidine.
AB  - The metabolic N-oxidation, N-acetylation and N-deacetylation of the carcinogen
      benzidine (BZ) and its N-acetylated metabolites were examined in vitro with rat
      and mouse liver subcellular fractions. N-Oxidation of N-acetylbenzidine (ABZ) and
      N,N'-diacetylbenzidine (DABZ) was found to occur with NADPH-, NADH-fortified
      microsomes, although total oxidation at both nitrogens of ABZ was substantially
      faster than the N-oxidation of DABZ (four times for the mouse and 48 times for
      the rat). In both species, N-oxidation of ABZ to the arylhydroxylamine, N'
      hydroxy-N-acetylbenzidine (N'-OH-ABZ), was somewhat faster than the formation of
      the arylhydroxamic acid, N-hydroxy-N-acetylbenzidine (N-OH-ABZ). N-Acetylation of
      BZ and ABZ by liver cytosol was quite efficient for both species (0.7-2.9
      nmol/min/mg cytosolic protein), and these rates were found to be 3-10 times
      faster than their corresponding rates of N-oxidation. N-Deacetylation of ABZ and
      DABZ by mouse liver microsomes occurred at a rate that was comparable with N
      acetylation; while N-deacetylation by rat liver microsomes was relatively slow,
      only 1-2% of the rate of N-acetylation. In the case of N-hydroxylated
      derivatives, N-OH-ABZ and N'-OH-ABZ, hepatic cytosolic N-acetylation by both rats
      and mice to form N-OH-DABZ was quite rapid (0.5-1.9 nmol/min/mg cytosol protein).
      Hepatic microsomal deacetylation of N-OH-DABZ also occurred with both species and
      was 2-4 times the rate of N-acetylation. These studies indicate that a
      significant concentration of potentially electrophilic monoacetylated N-oxidized
      metabolites may accumulate within the liver cell, and that they may serve as
      intermediates in the synthesis of the highly toxic metabolite, N-OH-DABZ. A major
      metabolic pathway for the formation of N-OH-DABZ is proposed as: BZ----ABZ----N'
      OH-ABZ----N-OH-DABZ. The activation of N-OH-DABZ by cytosolic N,O-acyltransferase
      and N'-OH-ABZ by cytosolic sulfotransferase and O-acetyltransferase (acetyl CoA
      dependent binding to DNA) were also examined. N-OH-DABZ N,O-acyltransferase and
      N'-OH-ABZ O-acetyltransferase were found to be significant pathways for rat and
      mouse liver, respectively. In addition, the DNA adduct formed from N-OH-DABZ in
      the presence of partially-purified rat hepatic N,O-acyltransferase was shown to
      be N'-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-N-acetylbenzidine, which is identical to that formed
      in rat liver in vivo and in the direct reaction of N'-OH-ABZ with DNA in vitro
      under acidic conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4017177
TI  - Elevation of hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity by 2
      acetylaminofluorene: role of metabolism.
AB  - Brief exposure of rats to hepatocarcinogenic agents causes a rapid elevation in
      hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EH) activity. Previous studies have
      demonstrated that animals which are resistant to the hepatocarcinogenic effects
      of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) are also resistant to EH induction by this
      compound. The studies described here were designed to examine the role of several
      individual metabolic pathways on the induction of EH by AAF. EH was increased 4
      fold in male Fischer 344 (F-344) or Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated with AAF; in
      female rats, deficient in N-hydroxylase and sulfotransferase activities, the
      activity was increased only 2-fold. Pretreatment of male F-344 rats with inducers
      of cytochrome P-448 activity caused a reduction in the EH response to AAF,
      probably due to a greater increase in ring-hydroxylation than N-hydroxylation of
      the AAF. Although AAF elicited only a small EH elevation in female F-344 rats, N
      hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF) caused a large increase in these
      animals. The N-OH-AAF-induced increase was partially blocked by pretreatment with
      pentachlorophenol, an inhibitor of sulfotransferase activity, in both male and
      female F-344s. In female SD rats, possessing minimal sulfotransferase activity, N
      OH-AAF treatment caused only a slight elevation of EH activity. Pretreatment of
      male F-344 rats with inhibitors of deacetylase activity had no effect on N-OH-AAF
      dependent EH induction. These observations are consistent with the suggestion
      that formation of the sulfate conjugate of N-OH-AAF is necessary for elevation of
      EH by this compound.

PMID- 4017178
TI  - Benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation in target and activator cells in a Wistar rat
      embryo cell-mediated V79 cell mutation assay.
AB  - To determine the relationship of the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-DNA adducts formed in
      the activator cells of a cell-mediated mutation assay to the adducts formed in
      the target cells and to mutation induction, irradiated second passage Wistar rat
      embryo (WRE) cells and V79 Chinese hamster lung cells were exposed to [3H]BaP for
      5, 24 and 48 h under the conditions of a cell-mediated mutation assay. The V79
      target cells were separated from the WRE activator cells by an immunoseparation
      procedure; the resulting V79 cell pellet contained less than 7% WRE cells. The
      percentage of the BaP-DNA adducts containing cis vicinal hydroxyl groups and the
      h.p.l.c profile of individual adducts in the V79 target cells were similar to
      those of the WRE activator cells for each time point. The transfer of reactive
      BaP metabolites from the activator cells to the target cell DNA was detectable
      after only 5 h of exposure to BaP, however, exposure for this length of time did
      not result in significant mutation induction. The (+)-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy
      7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti-BaPDE)-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) adduct was
      essentially absent after 5 h of exposure, but the amount of this adduct increased
      at longer times of exposure as did the mutation frequency. The complex mixture of
      BaP-DNA adducts formed in the WRE cells was also present in the V79 cells after
      all three times of exposure to BaP, a result which demonstrates the value of this
      cell-mediated mutation assay for investigating the role of species-specific
      differences in the activation of BaP. The correlation between the increase in
      mutation induction and the relative amount of the (+)-anti-BaPDE-dGuo adduct
      present in V79 cell DNA suggests the importance of this adduct in mutation
      induction by BaP.

PMID- 4017179
TI  - Measurement of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine in DNA methylated by the tobacco-specific
      carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone using a biotin-avidin
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - Rabbit antibodies raised against O6-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (O6-MedGuo) were
      used to develop a competitive Biotin-Avidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA
      ELISA) for the quantitation of this adduct in DNA from animals exposed to tobacco
      specific N-nitrosamines. The assay was able to detect as little as 30 mumol O6
      MedGuo per mol deoxyguanosine. The specificity of the assay was at least 10 000
      fold greater for O6-MedGuo than for unmodified nucleosides or 7-methyl-2'
      deoxyguanosine. The sensitivity of the assay was increased to 1 mumol O6-MedGuo
      per mol deoxyguanosine by the prior separation of O6-MedGuo from unmodified
      nucleosides by h.p.l.c. This assay was used to study the methylating ability of
      the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methyl-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
      (NNK) in F344 rats. Four hours after exposure to a single i.v. dose of NNK O6
      MedGuo was detected in the target tissues nasal mucosa, lung and liver (219, 13.2
      and 34.5 mumol/mol deoxyguanosine) but not in the non-target tissues esophagus,
      spleen, heart or kidney. Chronic exposure by 14 daily i.p. injections of NNK also
      resulted in detectable amounts of O6-MedGuo in the lung and nasal mucosa (11.4
      and 7.9 mumol/mol deoxyguanosine). These results demonstrate that NNK is capable
      of methylating DNA in vivo. The methodology developed in these studies will allow
      us to examine in detail the role of DNA methylation in NNK-mediated
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4017180
TI  - Microsome-mediated alkylation of rat liver initiator tRNA by 3,3-dimethyl-1
      phenyltriazene and its ring-chlorinated derivatives.
AB  - 3,3-[3H]Dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-[3H]dimethyltriazene
      and 3,3-[3H]dimethyl-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-triazene methylate initiator tRNA
      in vitro only after pre-incubation with microsomal enzymes and NADPH. The finding
      confirms that procarcinogenic dialkyl aryltriazenes must be enzymatically
      converted into reactive metabolites, presumably into the corresponding
      monoalkyltriazenes, which ultimately react with tRNA. The methylation at 37
      degrees C requires 40-60 min and individual triazenes showed differential
      alkylating capacity if tRNA was the limiting factor. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the
      modified initiator tRNA, followed by separation of nucleosides on Sephadex G10 or
      Dowex 50 columns, revealed that 7-methylguanosine was the principal labelled
      product. The methylated tRNA showed a significantly increased acceptance for L
      methionine. It appears that methylation of initiator tRNA at N7 of guanine
      affected the conformation of initiator tRNA and rendered the nucleic acid more
      accessible for cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.

PMID- 4017181
TI  - Growth inhibition and transformation of a human fetal tracheal epithelial cell
      line by long-term exposure to diethylnitrosamine.
AB  - In order to obtain more information on the in vitro transformation of human
      cells, a human fetal tracheal epithelial cell line (FHET16/5) was exposed for a
      long time to diethylnitrosamine (DEN). In 20 passages, this cell line (diploid,
      male) maintained strong immunohistochemical reactivity for carcino-embryonic
      antigen and wool merokeratin; it was negative for vimentin. The cells contained
      PAS-positive mucous substances and ultrastructurally were found to have desmosome
      like attachments. Treatment of the cells was with 0.3% dimethyl sulphoxide
      (DMSO), or DMSO with 150, 450, 1000 or 2000 micrograms/ml of DEN. It was started
      at the ninth passage and continued for six passages over 9 weeks for the control
      (DMSO) and the three lowest control doses of DEN, and for three passages over 9
      weeks for the 2000 micrograms/ml DEN group. Cells grown for 13 days after the end
      of treatment were plated in soft agar and injected subcutaneously in nude mice.
      The frequency of anchorage-independent colonies grown in soft agar was directly
      related to DEN dose. Colony-forming efficiency, as an expression of toxic effect,
      was also dose dependent. Autoradiographically detected unscheduled DNA synthesis
      indicated an association between anchorage-independent transformation and DNA
      alterations induced by DEN. Cells injected into nude mice did not produce tumours
      during a 6-month period, but invasiveness was observed when cells from the 2000
      micrograms/ml DEN group were transplanted on the dermis of cultured chick embryo
      skin. The results indicate that DEN causes anchorage-independent transformation
      accompanied by unscheduled DNA synthesis in a fetal human tracheal epithelial
      cell line.

PMID- 4017182
TI  - Benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage in mouse fetal tissues.
AB  - We have studied the occurrence and persistence of DNA damage in the hepatic and
      pulmonary tissues of fetal, newborn and adult CD1 mice exposed to selected doses
      of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) by utilizing the alkaline elution technique. Firstly 12-,
      15- and 18-day pregnant and 1-, 7- and 82 to 85-day-old mice were treated i.p.
      with 10 mg/kg BP and the DNA fragmentation evaluated 4 h later. This approach
      indicated that, among the ages considered, 15-day-old fetuses were the most
      sensitive to BP genotoxicity. Therefore we concentrated on this intrauterine
      stage and evaluated the role of the maternal and fetal environment on the
      induction and the kinetics of disappearance of DNA damage by BP. BP at the dose
      levels of 0, 2 and 10 mg/kg was injected i.p. into pregnant females or directly
      into single fetuses and the fetal livers and lungs recovered 2, 4, 24 and 48 h
      later. According to the above protocol other 12-day-pregnant mice were treated
      i.p. with 500 mg/kg arochlor and their 15-day-old fetuses directly injected with
      the same doses of BP. The results showed that the maximum DNA damage is present
      at 4 h following BP treatment and it almost disappeared at 48 h irrespective of
      the route of BP administration. However, the decrease was not uniform and while
      at 48 h the lesion reached the control level in the liver, it remained slightly
      higher in the lung. The effects where markedly magnified in the arochlor-induced
      groups where the intrafetal injection of BP caused an average 2-fold increase and
      an earlier appearance of DNA damage in both liver and lung compared with
      uninduced animals. The amplified BP activity induced by arochlor was particularly
      evident in the lung where at 48 h there was still a significant amount of DNA
      damage. Since the lung is a preferential site of transplacental carcinogenic
      effects in CD1 mice, our results favor the conclusion that a correlation exists
      between DNA damage and tumor induction in the fetuses of this mouse strain.

PMID- 4017183
TI  - Studies in gastric carcinogenesis. II. Absence of elevated concentrations of N
      nitroso compounds in the gastric juice of Greek hypochlorhydric individuals.
AB  - The concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, N-nitroso compounds and bacteria were
      measured in 96 samples of fasting gastric juice, pH 0.90-8.50, obtained from 56
      individuals just before or at various times (8 days - 1 year) after gastric
      operation. The mean pH of the post-operative samples [4.66 +/- 0.39 (SEM)] was
      significantly higher than that of the pre-operative ones [3.29 +/- 0.33 (SEM)]. A
      positive correlation with pH was observed for the concentrations of total and
      nitrate-reducing bacteria (median values 5.0 X 10(5) organisms/ml and 9.2 X 10(4)
      organisms/ml, respectively, for samples with pH greater than or equal to 1.2 X
      10(3) organisms/ml and 0 organisms/ml, respectively, for samples with pH less
      than or equal to 2.5) and nitrite [mean values 22.5 +/- 3.1 (SEM) microM and 3.20
      +/- 0.5 (SEM) microM for samples with pH greater than or equal to 6.5 and pH less
      than or equal to 2.5, respectively]. No correlation with pH was seen for the
      concentrations of nitrate [mean value 0.48 +/- 0.06 (SEM) mM] or N-nitroso
      compounds [mean value 0.30 +/- 0.06 (SEM) microM]. The concentrations of bacteria
      and nitrite, although increased in hypochlorhydric individuals, were lower than
      those reported for corresponding individuals in other, primarily British,
      studies. It is suggested that the relatively low concentrations of nitrite
      observed in our hypochlorhydric population may account for the absence of
      elevated concentrations of N-nitroso compounds and that the latter phenomenon may
      be related to the relatively low frequency of gastric cancer in Greece.

PMID- 4017184
TI  - Studies in gastric carcinogenesis. III. The kinetics of nitrosation of gastric
      juice components in vitro and their implications for the in vivo formation of N
      nitroso compounds in normal and in hypochlorhydric populations.
AB  - Fasting human gastric juice was treated in vitro, at pH 2-7 and 37 degrees C for
      2 h, with 5-100 microM sodium nitrite. Under these conditions (which simulated
      those occurring in vivo in normal or hypochlorhydric individuals), the formation
      of total N-nitroso compounds had the following characteristics: (i) it increased
      greatly at pH less than 3; (ii) it showed first-order dependence on nitrite
      concentration; (iii) it was faster at pH 7 than at pH 5. These observations are
      compatible with the N-nitroso compounds formed by the interaction of nitrite with
      gastric juice being N-nitrosamides or related compounds. Furthermore, based on
      the results of this study, it is suggested that in order for hypochlorhydria to
      give rise to increased formation of N-nitroso compounds in the stomach, it would
      be necessary for it to be accompanied by a greater than 5- to 10-fold increase in
      gastric nitrite concentration relative to that found in the normal population, a
      condition which is not necessarily fulfilled in all hypochlorhydric individuals
      or populations. The implications of this conclusion for the assessment of the
      role on gastric N-nitroso compounds in the etiology of gastric cancer are
      discussed.

PMID- 4017185
TI  - Effects of calcium and magnesium salts on nickel subsulfide carcinogenicity in
      Fischer rats.
AB  - The effects of calcium or magnesium salts administered by one of three different
      routes on the formation of muscle tumors by nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) in Fischer
      F344 rats were determined. Eleven groups of 20 weanling male rats each received a
      single injection of 2.5 mg (31 mumol Ni) Ni3S2 into the thigh muscles of both
      hind limbs (i.m.). Then the rats were fed 3% calcium acetate (CaAcet)- or 3%
      magnesium acetate (MgAcet)-supplemented diets for 3 and 6 months, or were
      injected s.c. three times weekly, with 0.16 mmol doses of CaAcet/kg/injection, or
      with 2 mmol doses of MgAcet/kg/injection, for 1 or 4 months. Two other groups of
      20 rats were injected i.m. with 2.5 mg (31 mumol Ni) of Ni3S2 mixed with 6.2 mg
      (62 mumol Ca) of calcium carbonate (CaCarb), or with 6.3 mg (62 mumol Mg) of
      magnesium basic carbonate (MgCarb). The control groups of rats received single
      i.m. injections of the 0.15 M saline vehicle, 6.2 mg CaCarb, and 6.3 mg MgCarb,
      or s.c. injections of 0.15 M saline, or 4 mmol sodium acetate,
      NaAcet/kg/injection, three times weekly for 4 months. After 18 months, injection
      site tumors were found: (i) in 70-90% of the rats injected i.m. with Ni3S2 and
      fed standard diet or the diets containing CaAcet or MgAcet, with no significant
      differences among the groups; (ii) in 95-100% of the rats given i.m. Ni3S2 and
      then treated with multiple s.c. injections of saline, NaAcet, CaAcet or MgAcet,
      with no significant differences among the groups; (iii) in 85% of rats injected
      i.m. with Ni3S2 + CaCarb, and (iv) in 25% of the rats injected i.m. with Ni3S2 +
      MgCarb. No tumors developed in the control rats. The admixtures of CaCarb or
      MgCarb to Ni3S2 did not affect the mobilization of nickel from the injection
      site. They did, however, influence the cellular responses to Ni3S2 in early
      stages, from 3 days to 22 weeks, after the injection. MgCarb, unlike CaCarb,
      strongly decreased the necrosis and increased macrophage proliferation at the
      Ni3S2 injection site. It also delayed the occurrence and proliferation of
      histiocytic-stromal cells, and prevented the occurrence of altered myoblasts.

PMID- 4017186
TI  - Normal and transformed human prokeratinocytes express divergent effects of a
      tumor promoter on cell cycle-mediated control of proliferation and
      differentiation.
AB  - The tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), is shown to be a
      potent inhibitor of growth of normal human prokeratinocytes (HPK) cultured in
      serum-free medium. More specifically TPA inhibits the clonal growth of low
      density HPK cultures in a dose-dependent manner and the anti-proliferative effect
      of TPA is selective in that the inactive phorbol diester, 4-alpha-12,13-phorbol
      didecanoate, does not exert a similar effect. One-hour pulse exposure of HPK to
      TPA also has an effect comparable with continuous exposure to TPA; both
      treatments induce rapid growth arrest. Flow cytofluorometric analysis of DNA
      content shows that in TPA-treated HPK growth arrest is associated with
      accumulation of cells in both the G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Most
      interestingly, the data establish that the growth arrest of HPK induced by TPA is
      irreversible in that treated cells lose their colony-forming potential and that
      such cells are committed to differentiate without further cell cycle progression
      when placed in differentiation-promoting medium. In contrast, a human squamous
      carcinoma cell line, designated SCC-25, is insensitive to the anti-proliferative
      effect of TPA regardless of whether these cells are cultured in either serum
      containing or serum-free medium. These data are interpreted to suggest that
      transformed human epithelial cells SCC-25 are defective in their ability to
      regulate their proliferation and differentiation by TPA-sensitive cell cycle
      dependent mechanisms.

PMID- 4017187
TI  - Quantification of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-3,8
      dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) in beef extracts by liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC).
AB  - A simple and sensitive method was developed for quantification of
      mutagenic/carcinogenic aminoimidazoquinoline and aminoimidazoquinoxaline
      compounds in heated materials. Samples were partially purified by blue-cotton
      treatment, 0.1 N HCl-methylene dichloride partition and separation in a SEP-PAK
      silica cartridge. The recoveries of aminoimidazoquinoline and
      aminoimidazoquinoxaline compounds at the step of partial purification were
      estimated by spiking with 14C-labeled compounds. The compounds in partially
      purified materials were analyzed by liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection using a combination of two columns of octadecyl silane and cation
      exchange. Bacteriological-grade beef extract was found to contain 41.6 and 58.7
      ng/g of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline and 2-amino-3,8
      dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), respectively. MeIQx was also detected
      at a level of 3.1 ng per g in food-grade beef extract.

PMID- 4017188
TI  - Unscheduled DNA synthesis caused by norethindrone and related contraceptive
      steroids in short-term male rat hepatocyte cultures.
AB  - The genotoxic potential of oral contraceptive steroids such as norethindrone was
      investigated in short-term rat hepatocyte cultures by measurement of unscheduled
      DNA synthesis. Norethindrone caused a small dose-dependent increase in
      unscheduled DNA synthesis in male rat hepatocytes as judged by the incorporation
      of [methyl-3H]thymidine into DNA. This was assessed either by liquid
      scintillation counting following isolation of DNA or by autoradiography. No
      increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis could be detected in female rat hepatocytes
      treated with norethindrone. Pre-treatment of male rats with phenobarbitone prior
      to hepatocyte preparation decreased the norethindrone mediated unscheduled DNA
      synthesis relative to control hepatocyte cultures while 3-methylcholanthrene pre
      treatment had little effect. Unscheduled DNA synthesis in norethindrone treated
      control male rat hepatocytes was reduced by the mixed function oxidase inhibitors
      SKF 525A or metyrapone. In 24- or 52-hour-old hepatocyte cultures in which the
      cytochrome P-450 content was lower than in freshly prepared cells, or in a
      hepatocyte-derived cell line lacking cytochrome P-450, unscheduled DNA synthesis
      due to norethindrone was either decreased or abolished. Structure activity
      studies showed that only steroids containing a 17 alpha-ethynyl substituent
      caused an increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis.

PMID- 4017189
TI  - Hereditary interindividual differences in the glutathione transferase activity
      towards trans-stilbene oxide in resting human mononuclear leukocytes are due to a
      particular isozyme(s).
AB  - We have shown earlier that there are large, hereditary interindividual
      differences in the cytosolic glutathione transferase activity towards trans
      stilbene oxide in human mononuclear leukocytes. In the present study we ask
      whether these differences reflect the presence or absence of a particular
      isozyme(s) of glutathione transferase. First, in order to measure the high
      glutathione transferase activity optimally it was necessary to modify our
      previous assay by increasing the concentration of reduced glutathione from 3 to 5
      mM and of the substrate from 50 to 250 microM. It was then found that the low
      activity demonstrates an apparent Km for trans-stilbene oxide of 28.3 microM,
      whereas the corresponding value for the high activity was 127 microM. Secondly,
      it was found that while glutathione transferase activity towards trans-stilbene
      oxide in different individuals segregated into three groups, low, high and very
      high, glutathione transferase activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in
      these same mononuclear leukocyte fractions formed only a single group with no
      tendency towards such segregation. Thirdly, the SDS-poly-acrylamide gel
      electrophoretic pattern obtained with the supernatant fraction from mononuclear
      cells demonstrating high glutathione transferase activity towards trans-stilbene
      oxide contained a band of 25 000 molecular weight which was either absent or
      present at a much lower level in cells demonstrating low activity. We conclude
      that high activity towards trans-stilbene oxide in circulating, resting human
      mononuclear cells is catalyzed by a particular isozyme(s) of glutathione
      transferase. cis-Stilbene oxide, styrene oxide and, possibly, benzo[a]pyrene 4,5
      oxide are also substrates for this isozyme(s).

PMID- 4017190
TI  - A comparative examination of the in vitro metabolism of five
      cyclopenta[a]phenanthrenes of varying carcinogenic potential.
AB  - Metabolites of 15,16-dihydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one and its 1- and 12
      methyl homologues (all non-carcinogens) along with those from the 11-methyl and
      11,12-dimethyl-17-ketones (carcinogens), produced in vitro by hepatic microsomes
      from methylcholanthrene induced rats, were separated by reverse phase h.p.l.c.
      Identifications of individual metabolites were based upon elution times, u.v.
      spectra, and in some cases by mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, and identity
      with synthetic derivatives. All five compounds were biologically oxidised at
      their terminal A and D rings to yield 1,2-dihydrodiols and 15- and 16- ols; with
      the exception of the 1-methyl compound, all also gave similar amounts of 3,4
      dihydrodiols. The 1-methyl compound by contrast failed to produce this
      metabolite, furnishing instead the 4-phenol and five other, probably related
      phenolic derivatives. Previous work has established that for the 11-methyl-17
      ketone, the 3,4-dihydrodiol is the proximate carcinogen. Thus, whereas lack of
      biological activity with the 1-methyl compound can be ascribed to its failure to
      produce a 3,4-dihydrodiol, in the case of the unsubstituted parent ketone and its
      12-methyl derivative other determining factors must come into play.

PMID- 4017191
TI  - Comparison of the binding of some carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic
      cyclopenta[a]phenanthrenes to DNA in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - After microsomal activation in vitro, both the strong carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11
      methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one and its inactive 12-methyl isomer bind
      covalently to added DNA, in the ratio approximately 6:1 (1595 and 254 mu mol/mol
      of DNA phosphorus, respectively). Over a thousand times less binding was observed
      when DNA was isolated from the skin of groups of mice that had received a topical
      dose of 1000 nmol of these two compounds, and of the unsubstituted ketone (non
      carcinogen) and its 11,12-dimethyl derivative (carcinogen), 48 h previously; the
      binding ratios were 458, 155, 19 and 974 nmol/mol DNA phosphorus, respectively.
      Covalent binding of the 11-methyl compound to mouse skin DNA, measured 48 h after
      topical application, was linear with dose over the range 50 - 1000 nmol. It has
      previously been demonstrated for groups of mice initiated with 200 or 400 nmol of
      this carcinogen and promoted by repeated application of croton oil that skin
      tumour incidences were 50 and 70%, respectively. For a topical dose of 1000 nmol
      of the inactive 12-methyl isomer DNA binding in skin falls in this range,
      equivalent to DNA binding given by approximately 340 nmol of the carcinogen. Thus
      although the inactive unsubstituted parent compound essentially fails to bind to
      skin DNA after topical application, there does not seem to be a consistent
      relationship between extent of DNA binding in vivo and carcinogenicity among
      these cyclopenta[a]phenanthrenes. However, loss of the 12-methyl adducts from
      skin followed a logarithmic course over the first 10 days following application,
      with a half life of 3.5 days. In contrast, it was previously shown that removal
      of the 11-methyl adducts could not be measured above the normal rate of DNA
      turnover for this mouse tissue (half life, 6-7 days). It is suggested that active
      DNA repair of the 12-methyl lesions may contribute to the lack of activity of
      this isomer.

PMID- 4017192
TI  - Health education needs of primigravidae.
AB  - Forty-eight primigravidae were interviewed when 3-4 months pregnant about their
      knowledge of fetal development, awareness of hazards to development and sources
      of information. Although there was reasonable knowledge about normal fetal
      development, the women were not generally aware of the repercussions of maternal
      rubella or rationale for many routine tests at antenatal clinics. Fourteen of the
      women were smoking and only four of these intended to change during pregnancy.
      The general practitioner was perceived as a vital source of information, in
      marked contrast to the midwife. Few women reported learning about child
      development or care at school, but most used pamphlets or books as a source of
      information.

PMID- 4017193
TI  - The themes and consequences of consultations between a psychiatrist and a
      tutorial class teacher working with children from a deprived inner-city area.
AB  - This article describes the way in which consultation sessions between a tutorial
      class teacher and a psychiatrist were set up, and the themes that arose during
      the first term. We discuss the effect of the consultation on the relationship of
      the teacher with other professionals in her network. A hypothesis is put forward
      about the way in which the consultation caused changes which reduced the stress
      the teacher experienced.

PMID- 4017194
TI  - Using primary-school children to improve child-rearing practices in rural
      Jamaica.
AB  - Many children in Jamaica suffer from poor development, inadequate dental care and
      low immunization status. There is a need for low-cost innovative programmes to
      reach these children. We piloted an approach to teaching primary-school children
      basic child health and development concepts with the aim of improving their
      knowledge and practices and those of their guardians. The programme was conducted
      with 89 children from three grade levels in a remote rural school. The topic was
      taught throughout the school year with an action-oriented curriculum. Evaluation
      showed improvement in school children's knowledge and practices and guardians'
      knowledge. This approach is seen to be a feasible, low cost way of improving the
      quality of future child care.

PMID- 4017195
TI  - Achievement of infants on items of the Griffiths scales: 1980 compared with 1950.
AB  - As a preliminary to the revision of the Griffiths scales, 79 examiners throughout
      Britain tested 447 infants under the age of 2 years during 1978-1982. Compared
      with the original standardization sample of 1947-1951, the 1980 sample mean
      general quotient (GQ) was significantly higher, even after adjustments had been
      made for a slightly skewed social class distribution. Nor did regional
      differences between samples account for the GQ differences. Unreliable items were
      not significantly more common among those where the median age at passing had
      changed most. Various technical difficulties in representing differences between
      samples were encountered and dealt with. A population's overall results may be
      given in terms of mean score increase per month, median age advance in weeks or
      months, e.g. per year, and increase in general developmental quotient. Findings
      of differences between populations in age at passing individual items can be
      given as advances in median age, but are better expressed as ratios of the median
      ages of the two samples in order to deal with the differences in the
      chronological age for which items are designed. Only then can items be compared
      for amount of change. In terms of score and mental age advances the second year
      appears more changed than the first, but in terms of GQ the reverse is true. The
      locomotor scale mean differs more than other scales from the original norms for
      both years of infancy, while the personal-social scale differs more in the first
      year. Taking the most cautious estimate of differences from the data available on
      both samples, at least 160 items are now passed earlier than in the 1950 sample
      and the ratio of 1950 to 1980 ages is greater than 110 for 83 of those. Further
      study of the Griffiths scales items, in relation to one another and to cultural
      factors, seems feasible on the basis of steps illustrated in this paper.

PMID- 4017196
TI  - Efflux of metabolized and nonmetabolized fatty acid from canine myocardium.
      Implications for quantifying myocardial metabolism tomographically.
AB  - It has generally been assumed, from assessment of myocardial metabolism with [1(
      11)C]palmitate and positron emission tomography, that clearance of the radiolabel
      from the myocardium is attributable solely to efflux of the products of oxidative
      metabolism. However, interpretations would differ if this assumption were
      unfulfilled. Furthermore, efflux of metabolized and nonmetabolized tracer has not
      been quantified. Accordingly, in this study, myocardium was perfused
      extracorporeally in 21 open-chest anesthetized dogs, and the extraction and
      clearance of [1(-11)C]palmitate were characterized under baseline conditions
      (normoxia, n = 21), and, again, with ischemia (n = 6), with hypoxia (n = 9), or
      under control conditions (n = 6). After intracoronary bolus injection of [1(
      11)C]palmitate, myocardial time activity curves were measured with a beta-probe,
      and the products of oxidative metabolism (11CO2) and efflux of extracted but
      nonmetabolized fatty acid ("back-diffusion" of [1(-11)C]palmitate) were measured
      directly from analysis of arterial and regional coronary venous blood. Under
      control conditions, 45.2 +/- 3.8% (mean +/- SD) of initially extracted [1(
      11)C]palmitate was metabolized to 11CO2, whereas 6.2 +/- 2.6% back-diffused in
      unaltered form in 1-10 minutes. In contrast, with ischemia (perfusion of 26% of
      baseline), only 16.9 +/- 9.8% of administered tracer evolved as 11CO2 (P less
      than 0.001 compared with control) but 15.6 +/- 8.9% (i.e., almost half of the
      total amount cleared) evolved unaltered as [1(-11)C]palmitate (P less than 0.05).
      Similarly, with hypoxia, 15.1 +/- 8.4% evolved as 11CO2 (P less than 0.0001) and
      18.8 +/- 11.7% back-diffused (P less than 0.001). Overall, from 1-40 minutes
      after intracoronary injection of tracer, back-diffusion of [1(-11)C]palmitate
      contributed 40.6% of total radioactivity in the effluent with ischemia, 48.7%
      with hypoxia, but only 8.9% under control conditions. Despite the increased back
      diffusion of [1(-11)C]palmitate seen with ischemia and hypoxia, the overall
      residue of 11C activity in myocardium increased, consistent with the diminished
      clearance observed in the myocardial time-activity curves and the increase in the
      tissue content of triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid. Our results indicate
      that estimates of oxidative metabolism based upon clearance of radiolabeled fatty
      acid must take into account the efflux of initially extracted but nonmetabolized
      fatty acid. The findings apply to external determination of oxidative metabolism
      of the heart with any imaging modality that delineates retention and clearance of
      labeled fatty acids or their analogs.

PMID- 4017197
TI  - Variations in the functional electrical coupling between the subendocardial
      Purkinje and ventricular layers of the canine left ventricle.
AB  - Action potential propagation from the subendocardial Purkinje network into the
      ventricular muscle is an essential link in cardiac activation. Studies of
      papillary muscles have indicated that ventricular muscle activation by the
      Purkinje network occurs only at discrete, localized regions near the papillary
      muscle base. Over the rest of the endocardial surface, however, the spatial
      distribution of these subendocardial Purkinje to ventricular muscle connections
      has been less well defined. We therefore studied in vitro 12 canine left
      ventricular preparations (eight from the septum, four from the lateral wall),
      using a high-density (1-mm spacings), high-resolution extracellular mapping
      technique to determine the subendocardial Purkinje and ventricular muscle
      activation sequences. These studies show that the distribution of subendocardial
      Purkinje to ventricular muscle electrical coupling is spatially inhomogeneous,
      and that the junctional regions themselves have variable degrees of electrical
      coupling. We also attempted to determine whether ventricular muscle coupling to
      the Purkinje network might influence Purkinje network conduction velocity. We
      found that on the papillary muscle apex, a region without direct Purkinje to
      ventricular muscle propagation, Purkinje network conduction velocity was slowed,
      suggesting that the Purkinje network might be electrically loaded by the
      underlying ventricular muscle. Finally, we performed numerical simulations using
      a model consisting of two layers of excitable cells to evaluate the effects that
      different electrical coupling patterns and/or different coupling resistivities
      between the two layers might have on activation of each layer. These simulation
      studies suggest that a coupling pattern having discrete junctional sites between
      the two layers (similar to our findings for subendocardial Purkinje to
      ventricular muscle coupling) is beneficial, as this arrangement allows more rapid
      activation of both layers by minimizing electrical loading of the thin Purkinje
      layer by the thicker ventricular muscle layer.

PMID- 4017198
TI  - Stability of heterogeneity of myocardial blood flow in normal awake baboons.
AB  - Regional myocardial blood flow has been thought to be relatively uniform, in
      accord with the singular function of myocardial cells. However, considerable
      spatial heterogeneity has been observed in the hearts of anesthetized animals and
      in isolated hearts. Studies were undertaken in a total of 13 baboons. Eleven were
      awake, healthy animals sitting in chairs at rest or feeding, some performed mild
      leg exercise (wheel turning), and others were subjected to whole body heating;
      two were anesthetized, methodological controls. Microspheres (15 +/- 3 micron
      diameter, 0.5 X 10(6)/kg body weight) were injected via a catheter into the apex
      of the left ventricle while arterial blood was sampled at a constant rate for
      calculating cardiac output. Microspheres with different labels were injected at
      six intervals of 20 minutes to several hours. On sacrifice, the hearts were
      sectioned into 204 locatable pieces (left ventricle, 168; right ventricle, 27;
      and atria, 9). Average resting myocardial flow was 2.1 +/- 0.2 ml/g per min (mean
      +/- SD, n = 11). Left and right ventricles and atria comprised 70 +/- 2% (n =
      13), 20 +/- 2%, and 10 +/- 2% respectively of the total heart mass while
      receiving 80 +/- 3%, 16 +/- 2%, and 4 +/- 2% of the total myocardial flow. Thus,
      mean left ventricular flow was 114 +/- 5% of the average for the whole heart,
      right ventricular flow was 81 +/- 13%, and atrial flow was 41 +/- 13%. Myocardial
      flow heterogeneity was marked; in left ventricle, regional flows ranged from one
      third to two times the mean, the relative dispersion (= standard deviation/mean)
      of regional flows, corrected for methodological scatter and temporal variation,
      was 0.33 +/- 0.06 (n = 67) in the whole heart, 0.26 +/- 0.07 in left ventricle,
      0.32 +/- 0.11 in right ventricle, and 0.22 +/- 0.19 in the atria. The pattern of
      regional flows in each heart tended to remain stable with time. In each piece
      averaged over time, the relative dispersion due to temporal heterogeneity was
      0.11 +/- 0.03 (n = 2040) in the whole heart, 0.09 +/- 0.03 in the left ventricle,
      0.15 +/- 0.05 in the right ventricle, and 0.23 +/- 0.06 in the atria. The
      conclusion is that the degree of spatial heterogeneity of local myocardial flows
      in conscious primates is similar to that of anesthetized animals and isolated
      hearts, and is much greater than that due to temporal fluctuations.

PMID- 4017199
TI  - Diabetes-induced alterations in the translational activity of specific messenger
      ribonucleic acids isolated from rat hearts.
AB  - During diabetes mellitus, total proteins and ribonucleic acids are significantly
      decreased in the rat heart, and these parameters can be increased by insulin
      administration. To determine whether all ribonucleic acids are equally sensitive
      to insulin, we examined the influence of this hormone on individual translatable
      ribonucleic acids. Cardiac ribonucleic acid prepared from control, untreated, and
      insulin-treated diabetic animals was translated in vitro in the presence of
      [35S]methionine. The radiolabeled peptides were separated by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and were analyzed by fluorometry. We found that diabetes induces
      both qualitative and quantitative changes in the predominance of a few specific
      translatable messenger ribonucleic acid species. The translation of 11 messenger
      ribonucleic acid species was significantly decreased and that of eight messenger
      ribonucleic acid species was significantly increased in diabetic preparation.
      Twelve of the 19 translation products were quantified by digital matrix
      photometry: three labeled peptides were observed only when cardiac ribonucleic
      acid from diabetic animals was added to the cell-free translation system, four
      new peptides appeared when cardiac ribonucleic acid from control animals was
      added, and although the remaining five peptides were translated in vitro after
      either control or diabetic ribonucleic acid was added, their relative
      predominance was altered 2- to 200-fold. When translation products coded for by
      messenger ribonucleic acids prepared from either diabetic or hypothyroid hearts
      were compared, we found that most of the alterations induced by diabetes were
      also induced by hypothyroidism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4017200
TI  - Enhanced myogenic depolarization in hypertensive cerebral arterial muscle.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated pressure-dependent membrane depolarization and
      action potential generation in cat cerebral arteries. It was the purpose of this
      study to examine and compare the membrane electrical responses to increasing
      transmural pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats with those of their
      normotensive Wistar-Kyoto controls. It was found that at transmural pressures
      from 40-160 mm Hg, spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral arterial muscle
      depolarized more than normotensive counterparts. Pressure-induced action
      potentials could be recorded from arterial segments from both animal strains;
      however, the amplitude and upstroke velocity was significantly greater in
      spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral arterial muscle. These data suggest that
      there are altered ionic permeabilities in spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral
      arterial muscle which result in enhanced response to increasing transmural
      pressure. The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 4017201
TI  - Position of the American Heart Association on the use of research animals. A
      statement for health professionals from a task force appointed by the Board of
      Directors of the American Heart Association.

PMID- 4017202
TI  - Abnormal distribution of pulmonary blood flow after the Glenn shunt or Fontan
      procedure: risk of development of arteriovenous fistulae.
AB  - Since the Fontan procedure results in low pulsatile pulmonary blood flow similar
      to that seen in patients with a Glenn shunt, it may also be associated with
      abnormal distribution of flow to the lower lung lobes and with the development of
      pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae (PAVF). In 12 patients 0.8 to 4.5 years after
      Fontan procedure and in 20 patients 0.2 to 18 years after receipt of Glenn shunts
      we assessed ventilation (with 133Xe) and perfusion (after a peripheral injection
      of 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin) to compare upper to lower lobe distribution of
      blood flow with that in a control group. The presence of PAVF was assessed by
      radionuclide activity in kidneys and the brain and by a two-dimensional
      echocardiographic contrast study. A decreased upper/lower lobe perfusion ratio
      was noted in 13 of 20 patients with Glenn shunts (65%) and correlated with the
      time after surgery (p less than .05). Despite the shorter follow-up period, two
      of 12 (16%) patients who had undergone the Fontan procedure also had a decreased
      upper/lower lobe perfusion ratio, and one of these developed right heart failure.
      Brain and kidney radionuclide counts above control values were observed in all
      patients with Glenn shunts and in 11 of 12 patients who had the Fontan operation.
      However, in only five of 20 (25%) patients with Glenn shunts were PAVF confirmed
      by the two-dimensional echocardiographic contrast study. Three of the five
      patients with PAVF had Glenn shunts of long duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4017203
TI  - Programmed ventricular stimulation in survivors of an acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - The prognostic significance of programmed ventricular stimulation and its
      usefulness in relation to other forms of invasive and noninvasive testing was
      evaluated in 150 survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias of 6 beats or more were induced in 35 (23%) patients. No
      significant differences existed between patients with inducible ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias and those without inducible ventricular tachycardia with respect
      to occurrence of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias in the acute and early
      recovery phase of infarction or predischarge exercise-induced ischemia or
      arrhythmias, severity of coronary artery disease, or degree of left ventricular
      dysfunction. A higher incidence of inferior myocardial infarction was observed in
      patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia when compared with those without
      inducible ventricular tachycardia (66% vs 41%, p less than .01). During a mean
      follow-up of 10 +/- 5 months (range 2 to 19), there were two sudden deaths, three
      nonsudden deaths, and two additional patients developed sustained ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias. There was no significant difference between patients with and
      those without inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias with respect to the
      occurrence of these events. In this study population, a lower mean ejection
      fraction (p less than .01), the presence of a ventricular aneurysm (p less than
      .05), and exercise-induced ventricular premature contractions (p less than .05)
      were predictors of sudden death and of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia. Thus,
      the findings of this study do not support the hypothesis that the induction of
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients recovering from acute myocardial
      infarction identifies a group at high risk for sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 4017204
TI  - Change in ventricular cavity size: differential effects on QRS and T wave
      amplitude.
AB  - Although many factors have been reported to change the R wave amplitude of the
      electrocardiogram (ECG), few observations have been made of the associated
      changes in T wave amplitude. We hypothesized that changes in R and T wave
      amplitude should parallel each other. To test this hypothesis, R and T wave
      amplitudes were measured in 15 normal subjects during increased and decreased
      left ventricular dimensions induced by infusion of methoxamine and by Valsalva
      maneuver, respectively, as well as during changes in the proximity of the left
      ventricle to the chest wall (i.e., shift in patient position from supine to left
      lateral position). Simultaneous nine-lead ECGs and two-dimensional-guided M mode
      echocardiograms of the left ventricle were recorded at rest and under each
      experimental condition. R wave amplitude increased as the left ventricular
      lateral wall moved closer to the V5 and V6 electrodes. Alterations in R wave
      amplitude seen with changes in left ventricular chamber size were primarily
      caused by radial movement of the left ventricle in relation to the chest wall.
      Proximity of the left ventricle to the chest wall was therefore a major
      determinant of R wave amplitude. In contrast, T wave amplitude varied directly
      with alterations in left ventricular chamber size but was unaffected by changes
      in proximity to the recording electrode on the chest wall. Left ventricular
      chamber size, and possibly the associated alteration in endocardial-to-epicardial
      surface area ratio, appeared to be the major determinants of T wave amplitude.

PMID- 4017205
TI  - Are right and left ventricular ejection fractions equal? Ejection fractions in
      normal subjects and in patients with first acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Right and left ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF and LVEF) were determined by
      radionuclide imaging in 37 normal subjects and 37 patients by means of (1) the
      traditional way of calculating ejection fraction from first-pass time-activity
      curves of each ventricle generated from a single fixed ventricular region of
      interest, (2) dual first-pass time-activity curves generated from the end
      diastolic and end-systolic regions, respectively, and (3) the multigated
      equilibrium method, also applying separate regions in end-diastole and end
      systole for each ventricle. Values for RVEF measured by method 2 were
      significantly higher than values obtained by methods 1 and 3. In normal subjects,
      the values for RVEF measured by method 2 were equal to the values for LVEF
      determined by either this method or the equilibrium technique. Methods 1 and 3
      had a tendency for underestimation of RVEF, probably because of inclusion of
      right atrial activity into the right ventricular region of interest. Methods 2
      and 3 were applied to measure RVEF and LVEF, respectively, in 153 patients in the
      second week after first acute myocardial infarction. Among these, 25% had normal
      ejection fractions, 47% had a decrease in only LVEF, 8% a decrease in only RVEF,
      and 20% a decrease in both RVEF and LVEF.

PMID- 4017206
TI  - Altered left ventricular mechanics in patients with valvular aortic stenosis and
      coarction of the aorta: effects on systolic performance and late outcome.
AB  - Despite similar degrees of left ventricular systolic hypertension shortening
      characteristics are usually greater in patients with congenital valvular aortic
      stenosis (VAS) than in patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA). We
      hypothesized that these dissimilarities were caused by differences in myocardial
      mechanics rather than by alterations in contractile state. Eleven patients with
      VAS (ages 6 to 41 years) and 11 with CoA were matched for age, body surface area,
      and peak systolic ejection gradient. Results were compared with data from 22
      normal subjects matched for age and body surface area. Echocardiographic tracings
      of the left ventricle were recorded in conjunction with left ventricular pressure
      measurements (VAS) or calibrated carotid pulse tracings (CoA and normal
      subjects). Peak and end-systolic wall stresses as well as left ventricular
      shortening fraction (% delta D) and rate-corrected velocity of fiber shortening
      (Vcfc) were calculated. No differences for left ventricular dimensions, heart
      rate or peak wall stress were present. Ventricular peak systolic pressures and
      wall mass were higher for the patients with VAS or CoA than for the normal
      subjects (p less than .001). These parameters did not differ between the VAS and
      CoA groups. The patients with VAS had higher % delta D and Vcfc than either the
      CoA or normal groups (p less than .01). Afterload, as quantified by end-systolic
      stress, was 41% lower than normal for the patients with VAS (p less than .001)
      and 13% higher than normal for those with CoA (p less than .05).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4017207
TI  - Electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic effects of sotalol in patients with life
      threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - Sotalol is a unique beta-blocker that lengthens cardiac repolarization and
      effective refractory period (ERP). Its efficacy after intravenous (1.5 mg/kg) and
      oral (160 to 480 mg bid) administration was therefore evaluated in 37 patients
      with refractory recurrent ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). Thirty
      five patients, 33 with inducible VT/VF, underwent electrophysiologic testing.
      Intravenous sotalol lengthened the ERP in the atrium (+24.6%, p less than .01),
      atrioventricular node (+24.9%, p less than .01), and ventricle (+14.9%, p less
      than .01). It also significantly lengthened sinus node recovery time, corrected
      QT interval (QTc), and the AH interval, but not the HV interval. Sotalol
      prevented reinduction of VT/VF in 15 patients (45.5%). Twenty-five of the 33
      patients (15 with positive results of electrophysiologic tests; 10 with negative
      results) were given oral sotalol. The drug was ineffective in seven (26.9%) and
      aggravated arrhythmia in one (3.8%). In four patients sotalol was withdrawn
      because of side effects; arrhythmias recurred late in two (7.7%). Eleven patients
      (42.3%) have continued on oral sotalol over a mean follow-up period of 9.2 +/-
      8.6 months. Sotalol reduced (n = 21) total premature ventricular complex (PVC)
      count on the Holter electrocardiogram by 73% (p less than .01), paired PVCs by
      89% (p less than .01), and beats of ventricular tachycardia by 95% (p less than
      .01). In 52% (n = 11), total reduction in PVCs was at least 85%, and incidence of
      paired and tachycardiac beats was reduced at least 90% (group A). In the
      remainder (n = 10), PVC suppression was not significant (group B). Group A
      included nine patients with nonreinducible VT/VF and two in whom it was
      reinducible; in group B, eight of 10 patients had reinducible VT/VF. The
      difference between the two groups (Fisher exact test) was significant (p less
      than .01). The prevention of reinduction of VT/VF by intravenous sotalol and
      suppression of spontaneously occurring arrhythmias by the oral drug were both
      predictive of long-term drug efficacy. Sotalol is a significant advance in the
      short- and long-term management of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 4017208
TI  - Metabolic fate of radioiodinated heptadecanoic acid in the normal canine heart.
AB  - To clarify the metabolic fate of radioiodinated heptadecanoic acid in myocardium,
      the time course and distribution of the radioactivity over 131I-heptadecanoic
      acid, free radioiodide, and various lipids (with incorporated iodoheptadecanoic
      acid) were determined in normal canine myocardium. In 10 dogs seven biopsy
      specimens were taken over 30 min after injection of 131I-heptadecanoic acid. The
      radioactivity in the specimens increased until the fifth minute and decreased
      thereafter, with a half-time of 36 min. In the fifth minute, 61% of the
      radioactivity was free iodide, and its curve paralleled the curve of the total
      radioactivity. As early as the first minute 131I-heptadecanoic acid activity was
      reduced to 14% and decreased further. Activity of radioiodinated phospholipids,
      (mono, di, tri)-glycerides, and cholesterol-esters remained constant after an
      initial increase. These results indicate that immediately after uptake, 131I
      heptadecanoic acid is either metabolized, liberating the radioiodide, or stored
      in lipids. Because the activity of radiolabeled lipids remained constant during
      the study period and because iodide activity paralleled the total activity in
      biopsy specimens, it is concluded that in normal myocardium, washout of free
      radioiodide determines the elimination rate as observed during a scintigraphic
      study. Thus the elimination rate cannot be related to the beta-oxidation rate as
      previously supposed.

PMID- 4017209
TI  - Angle dependence of ultrasonic backscatter in arterial tissues: a study in vitro.
AB  - The object of this study was to obtain quantitative data on the angle dependence
      of reflected ultrasound signals in freshly excised normal human arterial walls
      and those with different degrees of atherosclerotic involvement (fatty,
      fibrofatty, fibrous, or calcified). Fifteen specimens were evaluated in each
      pathologic subset. The backscatter coefficient (BS, expressed as cm-1 X
      steradians -1), measured at the single frequency of 10 MHz, was evaluated at a
      normal angle of incidence of the interrogating beam to the tissue sample and over
      an angular span of 60 degrees (+/- 30 degrees around normal incidence, 2 degree
      steps). BS measured at normal incidence separated normal (10(-2) X 0.155 +/-
      0.018; mean +/- SE) from fibrofatty (10(-1) X 0.0103 +/- 0.008), fibrous (10(-1)
      X 0.182 +/- 0.016), and calcified (0.202 +/- 0.016) specimens; normal and fatty
      (10(-3) X 0.759 +/- 0.142) and fibrofatty and fibrous samples could not be
      distinguished from each other in a statistically significant way. Angular
      scattering measurements identified two patterns: A "directive" pattern,
      characterized by a strongly angle-dependent BS that falls abruptly when the beam
      is moved slightly away from normal incidence. This pattern was typical of
      calcified, fibrous, and less markedly, fibrofatty and normal samples. A
      "nondirective" pattern, characterized by a BS that is not significantly angle
      dependent and fluctuates throughout the entire angular range. This was typical of
      fatty samples.

PMID- 4017210
TI  - Effects of unilateral stellate ganglion stimulation and ablation on
      electrophysiologic changes induced by acute myocardial ischemia in dogs.
AB  - We recorded direct-current extracellular electrograms simultaneously from 60 left
      ventricular epicardial sites in 38 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs during
      repeated, 5 min coronary arterial occlusions. In each dog recordings made during
      control occlusions were compared with those made in occlusions after, or during,
      the following interventions on the sympathetic nervous system: left stellate
      ganglion stimulation, left stellectomy, right stellectomy, and clamping the
      abdominal aorta with intact sympathetic nerves to induce a rise of blood pressure
      equal to that present during left stellate stimulation. Heart rate was kept
      constant. Measurements included determination of TQ segment potentials and times
      of local activation. After 2 min of ischemia, the degree of TQ segment depression
      was increased by left stellate ganglion stimulation and was decreased by both
      left stellectomy and clamping the aorta. Also, the area showing negative TQ
      potentials, indicating decreased resting membrane potentials, was enlarged by
      both left stellate stimulation and right stellectomy and reduced by left
      stellectomy. No differences were found in the results of experiments in which the
      left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded and those in which the
      circumflex branch was occluded. Left stellate stimulation significantly improved
      conduction within the ischemic zone. No evidence was found to suggest that the
      arrhythmogenic effects of left stellate stimulation and of right stellectomy,
      confirmed in the present study, resulted from an increased likelihood for reentry
      in the subepicardium of the ischemic zone.

PMID- 4017211
TI  - Electrophysiologic and anatomic basis for fractionated electrograms recorded from
      healed myocardial infarcts.
AB  - The electrophysiologic and anatomic basis for fractionated electrograms were
      investigated in superfused epicardial preparations from infarcted canine hearts.
      Fractionated bipolar electrograms were frequently recorded in preparations from
      infarcts 2 weeks to 18 months old but only rarely in preparations from 5-day-old
      infarcts. The fractionated electrograms were not caused by movement artifacts.
      They were not associated with depressed transmembrane resting or action
      potentials (which were found in the 5-day-old infarcts), but rather transmembrane
      potentials recorded in the vicinity of the bipolar electrodes were normal.
      Despite the normal transmembrane potentials, activation time in regions where
      fractionated electrograms occurred was prolonged. However, prolonged activation
      time by itself did not cause fractionation, since fractionated electrograms were
      not recorded from normal preparations in which conduction was markedly slowed by
      a superfusate containing 16 mM potassium and epinephrine. Unipolar electrograms
      recorded with glass microelectrodes (tip size 1 to 5 microns) showed that
      activation in regions where fractionated electrograms were recorded was
      inhomogeneous. Prepotentials were found preceding the upstrokes of some action
      potentials in regions where double potentials were recorded, suggesting the
      possibility of electrotonic transmission across high resistance or inexcitable
      gaps, but no electrotonic potentials were seen in regions with multicomponent
      fractionated electrograms. Fractionated electrograms were recorded in regions
      where infarct healing caused wide separation of individual myocardial fibers
      while distorting their orientation. The anatomic changes probably caused slow and
      inhomogeneous activation.

PMID- 4017212
TI  - Catheter-mediated electrical ablation of the posterior septum via the coronary
      sinus: electrophysiologic and histologic observations in dogs.
AB  - In a series of 12 dogs, the electrophysiologic and histologic effects of a single
      damped sine-wave shock delivered via standard electrocatheters to the region of
      the coronary sinus orifice were investigated. Six dogs received 200 J and six
      received 360 J of stored energy. The shock was delivered to two consecutive
      proximal poles of a standard quadripolar catheter positioned at the coronary
      sinus orifice and connected to the positive output (anode) of a defibrillator. A
      disc electrode positioned on the anterior chest wall served as the cathode
      (negative pole). During the shock, voltage and current were recorded.
      Electrophysiologic testing was done before and 4 weeks after the shock. At 4
      weeks, animals were killed and serial sections of the atrioventricular groove and
      conduction system were performed. No significant long-term change in
      atrioventricular conduction, spontaneous or induced atrial or ventricular
      arrhythmias was observed. However, transient atrioventricular block was seen in
      five and idioventricular rhythms in six animals in the short term. No persistent
      electrocardiographic changes were observed, and no sudden deaths occurred.
      Microscopically, transmural injury at the anulus proper or basilar ventricular
      epicardium was inconstant and infrequent. However, transmural atrial injury at
      the level of the coronary sinus was produced over a 10 +/- 5 mm length with the
      200 J shock and a 21 +/- 6 mm length with the 360 J shock. Neither coronary
      artery injury nor damage to the conduction system was seen and cardiac tamponade
      did not occur. However, localized intramural atrial rupture of the coronary sinus
      wall (on the endocardial aspect only) was observed in each dog, consistent with
      barotrauma. With the present technique, atrial injury potentially capable of
      blocking the effects of accessory pathway conduction could be produced without
      other electrophysiologic alterations or complications. Injury to the anulus
      proper (and therefore to any accessory pathway per se) is probably unlikely.
      Barotrauma may play a significant role in the type of injury observed in this
      study.

PMID- 4017213
TI  - Interruption of sympathetic and vagal-mediated afferent responses by transmural
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - We have demonstrated previously that sympathetic and vagal afferents travel in an
      apical-to-basal course in the heart, and can be stimulated selectively with
      epicardial applications of bradykinin and nicotine, respectively. In this study
      we tested the hypothesis that transmural myocardial infarction interrupts
      sympathetic and vagal afferent fibers traveling through the infarction and
      produces regions of afferent denervation in areas apical to the infarction. In
      open-chest, chloralose-anesthetized dogs, transmural myocardial infarction was
      created by embolizing a diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery with a vinyl latex solution that was injected directly into the artery and
      hardened rapidly. The transmural nature of the infarction was verified by the
      nitro blue tetrazolium staining technique for dehydrogenase enzymes. Epicardial
      applications of bradykinin (5 micrograms) and nicotine (50 micrograms) were used
      to stimulate chemically sensitive sympathetic and vagal afferent nerve endings,
      respectively. Twenty-nine dogs were studied before and 90 min after creation of
      transmural myocardial infarction. In 20 dogs, epicardial bradykinin applied
      before production of transmural myocardial infarction produced a maximal pressor
      response of 13 +/- 3 mm Hg 40 sec after application (p less than .01 vs
      preapplication values), while topical nicotine produced a maximal depressor
      response of 14 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than .01 vs preapplication values) 20 sec
      after application at all sites tested. Ninety minutes after production of
      transmural myocardial infarction, epicardial sites basal to the infarction
      continued to respond normally to both drugs, while sites within the area of
      infarction and apical to the area (noninfarcted myocardium) no longer showed a
      pressor response to topical bradykinin or a depressor response to topical
      nicotine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4017214
TI  - Left ventricular ejection fraction after acute coronary occlusion in conscious
      dogs: relation to the extent and site of myocardial infarction.
AB  - The change in left ventricular radionuclide ejection fraction after acute
      occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) or circumflex (LC) coronary
      artery was compared with the ultimate histologic extent of myocardial infarction
      in conscious dogs. The acute change in ejection fraction correlated with size of
      infarction in 14 dogs with occlusions of the LAD coronary artery (r = .89, y =
      1.12x + 14.2) and in 27 dogs with occlusions of the LC coronary artery (r = .71,
      y = 0.73x + 7.9); the slope of the regression equation was greater (p less than
      .05) for those with LAD than for those with LC occlusions. Multivariate analysis
      revealed no independent contribution of left ventricular weight, the
      subendocardial extent of infarction, or change in heart rate to the acute change
      in ejection fraction. These data indicate that the decrease in ejection fraction
      after coronary occlusion is determined primarily by the size of the ischemic
      area, which also determines size of infarction. In dogs instrumented over a long
      term, infarcts in the LAD myocardial distribution result in greater decreases in
      ejection fraction than infarcts of comparable size in the LC distribution.

PMID- 4017216
TI  - The superiority of maximum fiber elastance over maximum stress-volume ratio as an
      index of contractile state.
AB  - The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship has been used as a load-independent
      measure of ventricular pump performance. Since comparisons of load between
      ventricles of different size and thickness may be more accurately made with
      measurements of wall stress than with those of pressure, the end-systolic stress
      volume relationship at one or more levels of end-systolic stress has been used to
      estimate contractile function in hypertrophied ventricles. Linear regression of
      end-systolic stress against end-systolic volume for differently loaded beats has
      a slope termed maximum fiber elastance (fiber Emax) and a volume intercept termed
      Vo; the maximum stress-volume ratio (MSVR) for a single beat is an approximation
      of fiber Emax but assumes Vo = 0. However, the influence of preload, afterload,
      and inotropic state on these indexes has not been examined. We therefore studied
      the stress-volume relationship in seven open-chest dogs instrumented with
      ultrasonic crystals and micromanometers. Postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP)
      increased both the MSVR (5.7 +/- 1.83 vs 4.85 +/- 1.43 at control, p less than
      .05) and fiber Emax (13.93 +/- 3.24 vs 9.24 +/- 2.15 at control; p less than
      .05). Augmentation of preload by infusion of dextran, with the use of
      nitroprusside to maintain afterload relatively constant, did not significantly
      influence either the MSVR or fiber Emax. Vo was not significantly influenced by
      PESP, but was shifted to higher values by augmentation of preload (17.5 +/- 14.8
      vs 13.9 +/- 11.1 ml at control; p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4017215
TI  - Patterns of myoglobin release after reperfusion of injured myocardium.
AB  - Myoglobin is an intracardiac protein that is released into the blood after
      myocardial injury and is then cleared rapidly by the kidneys. This study was
      undertaken to determine whether successful reperfusion of damaged myocardium
      could be assessed by examination of blood myoglobin concentration-time patterns.
      After release of a 2 hr occlusion of the mid left anterior descending coronary
      artery in 11 dogs that had been instrumented over the long term, immunoreactive
      arterial plasma concentration of myoglobin, [Mb], rose rapidly to a peak within
      25 +/- 2(SEM) min (range 20 to 40). Individual peaks were three to 165 times the
      myoglobin levels immediately before release of the occlusion. Myoglobin was
      cleared rapidly from plasma, falling to one-half its peak level 38 +/- 3 min
      after the peak. Similarly well-defined peaks in [Mb] were evident in plasma from
      the great cardiac vein (GCV), with a mean time to peak of 16 +/- 2 min and a
      magnitude of two to 177 times prerelease values. In contrast, arterial and GCV
      creatine kinase activity-time curves showed less defined peaks and they occurred
      later and with more variability (60 to 330 min after reperfusion). In nine
      patients with acute infarction, successful coronary artery reopening was also
      accompanied by a sharp four- to sixteenfold rise in plasma [Mb] within 1 to 2 hr.
      Elevations in plasma creatine kinase were slower and more prolonged, peaking at 2
      to 18 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4017217
TI  - Effect of heart rate on the canine end-systolic pressure-volume relationship.
AB  - Although the rate dependence of isolated muscle contractility is well known, the
      ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) has been reported
      to be insensitive to heart rate. To resolve this contradiction, we used an
      isolated, ejecting canine heart preparation perfused at a constant coronary
      arterial pressure. Heart rate was changed from 60 to 200 beats/min in steps of 20
      beats/min. At least 10 pressure-volume loops under different filling pressures
      were obtained at each heart rate in each of six hearts. Over a heart rate range
      from 60 to 120 beats/min, the slope of the ESPVR (Ees) increased significantly
      from 3.5 +/- 0.4 (SE) to 5.3 +/- 0.6 mm Hg/ml. In the range between 120 and 180
      beats/min there was little change in Ees (5.3 +/- 0.6 to 5.4 +/- 0.6 mm Hg/ml),
      but at 200 beats/min Ees increased slightly to 5.7 +/- 0.5 mm Hg/ml. The volume
      axis intercept (V0) of the ESPVR changed little over the range of heart rate from
      60 to 160 beats/min (10.2 +/- 2 ml to 9.4 +/- 1.3 ml) but increased to 15.2 +/-
      1.2 ml at a rate of 200 beats/min. The change in ESPVR with increase in heart
      rate from 60 to 120 beats/min (i.e., increase in Ees without change in V0) is the
      same as those seen with a positive inotropic intervention with calcium or
      cathecholamines, whereas the V0 changes over the range from 160 to 200 beats/min
      is similar to those seen with regional ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4017218
TI  - A potential method of correcting intracavitary left ventricular filling pressures
      for the effects of positive end-expiratory airway pressure.
AB  - Based on the observation that positive end-expiratory airway pressure (PEEP)
      causes comparable increments in intrapericardial and right-sided intracardiac
      pressures, we hypothesized that intracavitary left ventricular filling pressures
      measured in the presence of PEEP can be corrected for increased intrathoracic
      pressure by subtracting the effects of PEEP on intracavitary right ventricular
      filling pressures. Ventricular function curves (aortic blood flow vs
      intracavitary left ventricular end-diastolic pressure [LVEDP]) were generated
      with and without 15 cm of water of PEEP in eight dogs. All curves were shifted to
      the right by PEEP (i.e., intracavitary LVEDP was higher for any submaximal level
      of aortic blood flow). However, when pressures measured in the presence of PEEP
      were "corrected" by subtracting the corresponding increment in intracavitary
      right ventricular end-diastolic pressure caused by PEEP at each level of
      ventricular filling, control and corrected PEEP data points appeared to fall on
      the same curve in five dogs, and differed only slightly in three dogs. Mean
      control and corrected PEEP curves derived by averaging polynomial regression
      coefficients for each condition differed significantly from uncorrected PEEP
      curves (p less than .05), but not from each other. Analogous curves based on mean
      left atrial pressure were corrected equally well by subtracting the effects of
      PEEP on mean right atrial pressure. We conclude that the increments in
      intracavitary right heart filling pressures caused by PEEP can be used to correct
      intracavitary left heart filling pressures for the effects of PEEP on
      intrathoracic pressure.

PMID- 4017219
TI  - Diminished stroke volume during inspiration: a reverse thoracic pump.
AB  - In 12 conscious dogs, a three-dimensional array of pulse-transit ultrasonic
      transducers was used to measure left ventricular anterior-posterior minor, septal
      free wall minor, and basal-apical major diameters. Matched micromanometers
      measured left ventricular, right ventricular, and intrapleural pressures.
      Electromagnetic ascending aortic blood flow and right ventricular transverse
      diameter were measured in five of the dogs. A major cause of the inspiratory
      decline in stroke volume in this preparation appeared to be reflex tachycardia
      and autonomic changes associated with inspiration. However, when heart rate was
      controlled by atrial pacing or pharmacologic autonomic attenuation (propranolol
      and atropine), stroke volume still decreased around 10%, with an inspiratory
      decrease in pleural pressure of 10 mm Hg. Based on the measurements of
      ventricular dimension, venous return to the right ventricle appeared to be
      augmented significantly during inspiration and the transient increase in right
      ventricular volume was associated with leftward interventricular septal shifting
      and altered diastolic left ventricular geometry. However, left ventricular end
      diastolic volume was changed minimally, implying that alterations in preload were
      not important. Moreover, transmural left ventricular ejection pressure,
      calculated as intracavitary minus pleural pressure, was not significantly
      changed, and it seemed that neither pressure nor geometric components of
      afterload were altered significantly by inspiration. The inspiratory fall in left
      ventricular stroke volume correlated best with the decline in intracavitary left
      ventricular ejection pressure referenced to atmospheric pressure. It is
      hypothesized that during ejection, left ventricular pressure referenced to
      atmospheric pressure is the hydraulic force effecting stroke volume and that the
      decline in this effective left ventricular ejection pressure is responsible for
      the inspiratory fall in stroke volume through a reverse thoracic pump mechanism.

PMID- 4017220
TI  - Occupational lead exposure: studies in two brothers showing differential
      susceptibility to lead.
AB  - Unexpected differences in clinical and biochemical findings in two brothers
      occupationally exposed to the same source of lead for dissimilar lengths of time
      are presented. Only the brother with the shorter period of lead exposure was
      anemic and afflicted by nausea, vomiting, abdominal colic and arthralgia. His
      urinary PBG output yielded the high orders of magnitude found in acute
      intermittent porphyria in relapse. Prior to administration of a single dose of
      EDTA (1 g of the calcium disodium salt given intravenously in 325 mL 0.15 mol/L
      NaCl), his blood lead levels averaged 3.6 mumol/L. The amount of chelatable lead
      retrieved from his urine, 31 mumol/day, was more than twice that found in his
      asymptomatic counterpart who was exposed to lead for 13 months and whose pre-EDTA
      blood lead levels averaged 4.0 mumol/L. Not only the activity of delta
      aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase, but also that of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase,
      was markedly inhibited by lead in red cells of both brothers. These activities
      were restored to normal levels in vitro by addition to the assay system of zinc
      and dithiothreitol. This ruled out a coexisting genetic deficiency of either
      enzyme. The anemia of the symptomatic brother with the shorter period of lead
      exposure was alleviated by folic acid, 15 mg/day. The differences in findings
      between the two brothers point to differential susceptibility to lead and
      illustrate the extent to which symptomatic lead poisoning may mimic biochemical
      and clinical features of the acute porphyrias.

PMID- 4017221
TI  - The effect of fluoride on nephrocalcinosis in rats.
AB  - To investigate the effects of fluoride on soft tissue calcification, female
      weanling rats were fed a nephrocalcinogenic diet and NaF in drinking water over a
      4 week period. The diet contained adequate Ca (0.5%) and high phosphorus (1.0%,
      P). The nephrocalcinosis is attributed to the relatively low dietary Ca/P ratio
      since addition of Ca to provide a Ca/P ratio of 2.0 prevents kidney
      calcification. With NaF in drinking water at levels of 1.19 to 4.76 mmol/L kidney
      calcification was decreased from 127 +/- 24 to 17.3 +/- 1.7 mumol/g wet weight,
      with no significant differences over this dose range. With the increasing NaF
      doses, serum F, at 4 weeks, increased from 4.4 +/- 0.8 to 36.5 +/- 6.0 mumol/L
      compared to untreated F levels of 1.2 +/- 0.1 mumol/L. Bone histology showed no
      evidence of F stimulation with any of these NaF doses. Previously reported work
      has shown that, for weanling rats on this diet, greater than 4.8 mumol/L NaF in
      drinking water is required to produce histological fluorosis within 5 weeks. To
      inhibit kidney calcification, NaF treatment must be maintained throughout the 4
      week study period since calcification occurred if NaF was withheld over either
      the initial or final 2-week period. These findings indicate a possible
      therapeutic value of NaF, clinically, in the prevention of soft tissue
      calcification.

PMID- 4017222
TI  - Comparison of three methods for the elimination of the labile fraction of HbA1.
AB  - Three different procedures were used to remove the "labile" fraction in the
      chromatographic quantitation of hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) by a minicolumn assay: (a)
      preincubation of the erythrocytes at 37 degrees C in isotonic saline for 4 h, (b)
      preincubation in the presence of semicarbazide-aniline at pH 5.0 for 30 min, and
      (c) preincubation in acetate buffer at pH 5.5 for 30 min. The results show that
      the two latter methods are not only more rapid but are also slightly more
      effective. The use of the acetate buffer is preferred because this reagent is
      more easily prepared and also because the presence of semicarbazide and aniline
      did not markedly accelerate the dissociation of Hb pre-A1c at pH 5.5. The
      procedure relies simply on the greater instability of Schiff base in acidic
      solution. There is a significant correlation between the "labile" fraction and
      the plasma glucose concentration at sampling time. The results support the view
      that the elimination of the "labile" precursor is essential to preserve the
      utility of the assay.

PMID- 4017223
TI  - A sensitive fluorometric assay for serum monoamine oxidase with kynuramine as
      substrate.
AB  - The detailed procedure of a new sensitive fluorometric assay for human serum
      monoamine oxidase (MAO) with kynuramine as substrate is described. The data on
      its reproducibility, stability, correlation with another method, and serum MAO
      levels for 150 healthy subjects and 205 patients with various diseases, are
      presented to support the usefulness of this method. Since our method is much
      simpler and more sensitive than other methods conventionally used, we can
      recommend it for routine clinical investigation.

PMID- 4017224
TI  - [Evaluation of urinary density by AMES reagent strips and comparison to the
      density determined by refractometry and urinary osmolarity].

PMID- 4017225
TI  - Continuous-flow enzymic determination of serum total and high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol using microlitre sample volumes.
AB  - We determine serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      (HDL-C) using a modified Technicon Auto Analyzer II-BMC enzymic system. The
      method uses 25 microL of sample (serum or supernate) for cholesterol
      determinations. Pooled serum which was calibrated indirectly against CDC's Abell
      Kendall method was used for standardization. Accuracy and precision for total
      cholesterol determinations are comparable to those obtained using a modified
      Technicon AAII method. Coefficients of variation for the determination of HDL-C
      prepared by heparin/Mn++ precipitation are 6.4% and 4.6% at concentration levels
      of 0.70 mmol/L and 0.94 mmol/L respectively. The interchangeable use of deionized
      distilled water and 0.15 mol/L NaCl solution for dilution of samples analyzed by
      the micro method is shown to produce significantly different cholesterol
      estimates. The reduced reagent volumes significantly lower the cost of
      cholesterol determinations. The system is simple, inexpensive and yields reliable
      cholesterol and HDL-C results.

PMID- 4017226
TI  - The presence of glycosylated, biologically active chorionic gonadotropin in human
      liver.
AB  - Whole extracts of normal human liver contain hCG-like material as determined by
      radioimmunoassay using antibodies to the beta subunit of the hormone. However,
      the extracts are biologically inactive, when analyzed by the in vitro rat Leydig
      cell assay for steroidogenesis. When subjected to Concanavalin-A-Sepharose
      chromatography, the radioimmunoassayable material was entirely lectin-bound.
      After elution with methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, the lectin-bound fractions now
      displayed biological activity.

PMID- 4017227
TI  - The Laboratory Information System (LIS): I-Application to the clinical chemistry
      laboratory.
AB  - The Laboratory Information System (LIS) was designed as a "turn-key" system. The
      main functions are operated interactively on a mini-computer which gives the
      laboratory complete control over daily processing. Collection of results from
      automated analyzers is accomplished via a micro-computer/micro-processor network.
      Links are provided with a central main frame computer for immediate patient
      identification and historical data processing. LIS is designed to manage all the
      operations involved in laboratory activities. The system has 14 major functions:
      registration of test requests, production of specimen collection sheets and
      identification labels, confirmation of specimen collection, production of aliquot
      labels, workload inquiry, production of worksheets, manual entry of test results,
      automated entry of test results, results inquiry, preliminary report, final
      report, daily activities reports, statistical reports, billing. System security
      is provided along three directions: data entry validation, system access control,
      and memory protection. The main advantages of LIS are: reduced clerical work,
      better evaluation of workload, faster communication, improvement of information
      given to the clinician: adapted reference values, interpretation, comments,
      improved retrieval operations, faster billing.

PMID- 4017228
TI  - A function for estriol during human pregnancy--a hypothesis.
AB  - It has been hypothesized that large amounts of estriol (E3) are produced during
      human pregnancy to ensure a quiescent uterus during prelabour pregnancy by
      combining with most of the myometrial nuclear receptors, leaving an inadequate
      number for a stimulatory estradiol (E2) concentration. It is further hypothesized
      that the amount of E3 formed is controlled by the amount of E2 present. During
      labour this control is lost, which together with an increased E2 (plus or minus a
      simultaneous drop in E3) production permits labour. Two of the seven pieces of
      evidence offered in support of this hypothesis were carried out in the author's
      laboratory. These are: 1. Urinary assays by two methods, one for total estrogens
      and one for the fractionated classical estrogens revealed that while the ratio
      (formula; see text) varies from patient to patient, for any one patient it
      remains markedly constant, especially during the second half of pregnancy. 2.
      Pieces of myometrium removed at cesarean delivery and assayed for their nuclear
      estrogen content revealed an E3/E2 ratio of 1.7 when the cesarean was an elective
      one (and therefore with a quiescent uterus) but reduced to 0.65 when the cesarean
      was performed after labour had started. The relationship between these two pieces
      of evidence and five from the literature with the hypothesis are discussed.

PMID- 4017229
TI  - Stimulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid metabolism by uroporphyrinogen I in rat
      liver homogenate.
AB  - The effect of excess uroporphyrinogens I and III, coproporphyrinogen III, and the
      corresponding porphyrins, on the rate of 4-14C-5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)
      metabolism was studied. Experiments were performed with mitochondria-free rat
      liver homogenates prepared from normal rats. The consumption of labelled 5
      aminolevulinic acid was followed by measuring its level in aliquots removed at
      intervals. The pattern of porphyrinogen synthesis was examined by high pressure
      liquid chromatography. Only uroporphyrinogen I had an effect; it increased the
      rate of conversion of ALA and porphobilinogen (PBG) to porphyrinogens.
      Chromatographic analysis revealed increased synthesis of uroporphyrinogen and
      heptacarboxylic porphyrinogen. It is believed that this mechanism might explain
      the lack of ALA and PBG accumulation in erythropoietic porphyria and porphyria
      cutanea tarda, and the absence of acute porphyria attacks in these conditions.

PMID- 4017230
TI  - Combined liquid chromatography/radioimmunoassay with improved specificity for
      serum digoxin.
AB  - This method for assaying digoxin in serum with improved specificity combines
      small-column extraction of serum, "high-performance" liquid chromatography, and
      RIA of the eluted fractions. Analytical recoveries of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1
      microgram/L standards were 95%, 93%, and 84%, respectively. The CVs for
      duplicates and replicates of sera with values of 0.5 to 1 microgram/L were 4 to
      6%. Fifty-nine sera from 50 patients receiving digoxin were so studied. All
      digoxin metabolites appear to cross react with antibody to digoxin to various
      degrees. The most polar metabolites were quantitatively the most important, their
      average cross reactivity being 33%. For eight patients the value for digoxin by
      the present method was less than 60% of the RIA value. Sera from nine patients
      not taking digoxin but with falsely high digoxin values were also studied by the
      present method. The digoxin peak was well resolved from those for (a) digoxin
      metabolites (except dihydrodigoxin), (b) digitalis-like factors in neonates and
      in patients with renal failure or combined hepatic and renal failure, and (c) two
      cross reacting drugs and their metabolites.

PMID- 4017231
TI  - Volatile organic compounds in exhaled air from patients with lung cancer.
AB  - Using a specially developed breath collection technique and computer-assisted gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), we have identified in the exhaled air
      of lung cancer patients several volatile organic compounds that appear to be
      associated with the disease. The GC/MS profiles of 12 samples from lung cancer
      patients and 17 control samples were analyzed by using general computerized
      statistical procedures to distinguish lung cancer patients from controls. The
      selected volatile compounds had sufficient diagnostic power in the GC/MS profiles
      to allow almost complete differentiation between the two groups in a limited
      patient population.

PMID- 4017232
TI  - Assessment of corpus luteum function by direct radioimmunoassay for progesterone
      in blood spotted on filter paper.
AB  - In this specific, direct RIA for progesterone in capillary blood dried on filter
      paper, progesterone is eluted, with phosphate buffer containing bovine serum
      albumin, from 5.9 microL of blood dried on 5.0-mm (diameter) discs of filter
      paper. The eluate is assayed, with 125I-labeled progesterone-11 alpha-glucuronyl
      tyramine as tracer, with separation by a double-antibody solid-phase technique.
      The sensitivity of the assay is 4.7 pg per tube, corresponding to 2.5 nmol per
      liter of blood. Within- and between-batch CVs averaged 7.0 and 9.2%,
      respectively, over the working range of the assay (4.5-64 nmol/L). Concentrations
      of progesterone in blood spots (y) correlated well with those in serum (x) as
      measured by an established direct RIA (Clin Chem 28:1314, 1982): y = 0.430x -
      2.44 (r = 0.972, n = 104). Progesterone is stable in the blood spots for at least
      15 weeks at 25 degrees C. The convenience of multiple sampling of blood by finger
      prick and the simplicity of the assay make this approach useful in investigating
      serial progesterone concentrations in outpatients.

PMID- 4017233
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of active pancreatic enzymes in sera from patients with acute
      pancreatitis. I. Active carboxypeptidase B.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that measurement of active enzymes in relation to
      proenzymes in serum of patients with pancreatitis may reflect the degree of
      zymogen activation in the gland. Here we describe the first single-tube assay for
      an active form of a pancreatic enzyme that is ordinarily synthesized as a
      proenzyme. Human procarboxypeptidase B, which we purified to near homogeneity, is
      approximately 13 000 Da larger than the active enzyme (EC 3.4.17.2). Antibodies
      specific for active carboxypeptidase B were obtained by affinity chromatography
      of anti-carboxypeptidase B antisera on a gel containing procarboxypeptidase B,
      then used to develop a single-tube radioimmunoassay for measuring active
      carboxypeptidase B in serum. Using this assay, we were able to detect, for the
      first time, active carboxypeptidase B in sera from patients with acute
      pancreatitis. Preliminary data show a correlation between the serum
      concentrations of active carboxypeptidase B and those of active trypsin complexed
      with serum inhibitors, but no correlation with serum amylase values.

PMID- 4017234
TI  - Radioimmunoassays for type III procollagen amino-terminal peptides in humans.
AB  - Use of radioimmunoassay for the amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen
      for monitoring fibrotic processes in humans has been frustrating because of the
      nonparallel relation between results for the standard bovine antigen and human
      serum samples. In the radioimmunoassays I developed for this propeptide and its
      monomeric Col 1 domain, based on use of antigens from humans, serum samples
      generated less-steep inhibition curves than did the standard antigen in the
      propeptide assay; in the Col 1 assay, however, serum and urine samples both
      generated inhibition curves having the same slope as that generated with the
      standard Col 1 peptide. Concentrations of human fragment Col 1 in serum samples
      as measured with the Col 1 assay were usually double those obtained with the
      human propeptide assay, which in turn were two- to threefold those obtained with
      the bovine antigen assay. In control subjects and alcoholic cirrhotics the
      concentrations of antigen in urine and the daily excretion rates as measured with
      the assay for human Col 1 exceeded those reported previously. The presence of
      different antigen forms was demonstrated with both assays by gel-filtration
      analysis of serum and urine samples. The assay for human Col 1 should be suitable
      for routine clinical chemical use.

PMID- 4017235
TI  - Amino acid concentrations in plasma and skeletal muscle of patients with acute
      hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis.
AB  - We measured amino acid concentrations in plasma and skeletal muscle of three
      groups of patients with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis: (a) patients without
      secondary organ lesions, (b) patients also suffering from kidney damage, and (c)
      patients in whom the pancreatitis was accompanied by sepsis and multiple organ
      failure. In all three groups, especially the third group, the amino acid
      concentrations in both plasma and muscle were below normal. Glutamine was only
      14% of normal in muscle tissue of the third group. Onset of renal insufficiency
      was indicated by increasing values for 3-methylhistidine and cystathionine;
      multiple organ failure, by increased concentrations of methionine and
      phenylalanine in plasma. The low amino acid concentrations of patients with acute
      pancreatitis can be explained as a combined effect of semistarvation and
      hypercatabolism. Changes in the plasma concentrations of amino acids did not
      reflect necessarily the concentrations in muscle tissue.

PMID- 4017236
TI  - Spectrophotometric investigation of sensitive complexing agents for the
      determination of zinc in serum.
AB  - Of two sensitive complexometric reagents for the colorimetry of serum zinc that
      we investigated, one, 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (Br-PADAP),
      was found to be a potentially useful compound for trace-metal determinations. It
      has a high molar absorptivity (120 000 L mol-1 cm-1) but is not convenient to use
      because it is not very soluble in water. The other reagent, a related pyridylazo
      compound, is 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-n-propyl-N-3-sulfopropylamino)phenol
      (5-BR-PAPS). It seems better suited for use in routine zinc determinations
      because, besides being water soluble, it has a higher molar absorptivity, 130 000
      L mol-1 cm-1. Results by the proposed method developed with 5-Br-PAPS correlated
      well with those by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The between-run CV for
      control sera was less than 5%; the within-run CV (same controls) was less than
      4%.

PMID- 4017237
TI  - An anion-exchange chromatographic method for measuring bilirubin covalently bound
      to albumin.
AB  - After alkalinizing the diazo products of serum bilirubins, we apply them to a
      column of anion-exchange resin. The azodipyrroles derived from unconjugated and
      sugar-conjugated bilirubins, as well as from one half of the tetrapyrrole
      covalently linked to albumin ("Bil-Alb"), are anionic and protein-free and adsorb
      to the resin. The other half of the azo product of Bil-Alb, with absorptivity
      similar to that of the protein-free azodipyrroles, remains attached to albumin
      (Clin Chem 28:629-637, 1982) and passes through the resin unadsorbed. The color
      of the eluate correlates directly with the original amount of Bil-Alb present.
      Estimates of authentic Bil-Alb by the method agree with those by a Jendrassik
      Grof total-bilirubin method (in mg/L: intercept = -0.8, slope = 1.005, r = 0.999)
      and by liquid chromatography (Clin Chem 29:800-805, 1983) (n = 52, intercept =
      5.2, slope = 0.724, r = 0.965). The CV of the method for serum with Bil-Alb of
      99.4 mg/L was 3.8% (n = 8).

PMID- 4017238
TI  - Can potentially infectious specimens containing hepatitis B virus be identified
      on the basis of their biochemical profile?
AB  - The potential infectivity of 1129 randomly selected plasma specimens was directly
      assayed by hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA dot-hybridization. Presence or absence of
      HBV was then correlated with a biochemical profile of 20 common analytes obtained
      on these same specimens. We found that potentially infectious specimens could not
      be identified on the basis of any combination of simple biochemical tests;
      indeed, the infectious specimens were more "normal" in some tests of liver
      function than were the non-infectious specimens.

PMID- 4017239
TI  - Preparation and use of serum-based material as control and calibrator in
      evaluating ion-selective electrodes for calcium.
AB  - We analyzed 93 sera and 81 whole-blood samples, plus several aqueous materials
      and one serum-based material as controls, with two analyzers for ionized calcium
      (Radiometer ICA 1 and AVL 980). On 16 days, comparisons of results for patients'
      samples were good, with nearly all between-instrument differences (delta Ca2+) of
      samples being within 0.04 mmol/L. On 12 days, comparisons were mediocre, with the
      delta Ca2+ of samples usually 0.04 to 0.10 mmol/L. The control material that most
      consistently indicated the direction and magnitude of the delta Ca2+ of patients'
      samples was the serum-based control. Adjustment of results for samples from
      patients, based on the delta Ca2+ of the serum control on the same day,
      substantially improved comparisons between instruments. Our findings suggest that
      the use of a serum-based calibrator provides the most valid comparison between
      different calcium-ion analyzers and reliably indicates when electrode replacement
      is needed.

PMID- 4017240
TI  - Hydroxyurea interferes negatively with triglyceride measurement by a glycerol
      oxidase method.
AB  - Measured triglyceride concentrations were extremely low (less than 100 mg/L) in
      the serum of some patients who were receiving hydroxyurea for myeloproliferative
      diseases. The assay being used to quantify triglycerides was a "cascaded"
      enzymatic method involving (a) lipase, to generate glycerol from triglycerides;
      (b) glycerol oxidase, to convert glycerol to glyceraldehyde, with generation of
      hydrogen peroxide; and (c) peroxidase, which acts on the hydrogen peroxide with
      subsequent coupled generation of a red-violet quinone (reagent system used in the
      Technicon RA-1000). Hydroxyurea added to serum samples appeared to inhibit the
      action of glycerol oxidase, with a stoichiometric relation to the concentration
      of substrate (a decrease of roughly 2.4 mmol/L in measured triglyceride per 1
      mmol of hydroxyurea per liter). A different enzymatic assay for triglycerides,
      which involves glycerol kinase (Beckman Instruments) did not show this effect of
      hydroxyurea.

PMID- 4017241
TI  - Two radioassays for serum vitamin B12 and folate determination compared in a
      reference interval study.
AB  - For 154 subjects, we verified that vitamin B12 and folate status was normal,
      using as criteria the average polymorphonuclear lobe count, mean corpuscular
      volume, and hemoglobin concentration. We then used blood from these subjects to
      compare values obtained with two radioassay kits, each designed for simultaneous
      vitamin B12 and folate determination. Although regression analysis showed
      reasonable correlation between the folate (r = 0.87) and vitamin B12 (r = 0.94)
      kits, we observed significant differences in the overall mean values for vitamin
      B12 (p less than 0.01) and folate (p less than 0.001) as measured with the kits
      in this population. Radioassay standard-curve data for the folate assays were
      similar, but these data indicated greater sensitivity at low concentrations for
      one vitamin B12 kit than the other. Using reference intervals recommended in the
      kit inserts, we found that the vitamin B12 status for 9% of these subjects would
      have been misclassified by one kit, 2% by the other.

PMID- 4017242
TI  - Three techniques compared for detecting bacteriuria in symptomatic patients.
AB  - We wanted to determine whether the microscopic evaluation of urinary sediment
      could be replaced by either a biochemical determination (Chemstrip-9) or a
      colorimetric staining procedure (Bac-T-Screen), and to evaluate the feasibility
      of omitting from urinalyses attempts to culture urines. Cultures were considered
      positive when colony counts were greater than or equal to 10(3) for catheterized
      patients and greater than or equal to 10(4) for noncatheterized patients. The
      results of three separate studies on symptomatic patients showed a progressive
      decline in the sensitivity of the Chemstrip-9, which is a test for leukocyte
      esterase activity, and a difference in the sensitivity of the Bac-T-Screen
      between two of the studies. Neither test was consistently more sensitive or more
      predictive of a positive culture than was urine microscopy. By the end of the
      third study, we were convinced that the three methods are comparably sensitive
      and specific. Because 13 to 36% of positive cultures would be missed by these
      techniques, urine from symptomatic patients should routinely be cultured.

PMID- 4017244
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic measurement of riboflavin in serum and urine with
      isoriboflavin as internal standard.
AB  - We describe how riboflavin can be precisely and accurately measured in serum and
      urine. A structural analog, isoriboflavin, is used as an internal standard. Urine
      samples are prepared by adding the internal standard and trichloroacetic acid.
      For serum, proteins are denatured with trichloroacetic acid. A simple Sep-pak
      treatment of the supernate removes contaminating interferents. Within- and
      between-run precision is reflected by respective CVs of 2.2 and 4.9% for urine at
      180 micrograms/L and 4.4 and 7.3% for serum at 10 micrograms/L. The standard
      curve is linear far beyond the concentrations encountered in serum and urine. The
      detection limit is estimated to be 10 micrograms/L and 1 microgram/L for urine
      and serum, respectively. The normal reference interval, as determined from 50
      results for each matrix, is 36 to 349 micrograms/g of creatinine (mean 112
      micrograms/g) for urine and 5.5 to 14.4 micrograms/L (mean 8.8 micrograms/L) for
      serum. Both distributions are skewed. The method is suited for routine use.

PMID- 4017243
TI  - Application of a statistical approach to determining reference intervals in
      clinical chemistry.
AB  - In clinical chemistry a linear-regression model may be used to determine
      reference intervals. A crucial point in this approach is the choice of variables
      to introduce into the model. In the present paper, we have applied a nonautomatic
      selection procedure, known as "element analysis," to a sample of 126 individuals
      from a small, ethnically homogeneous community in southern Italy. We investigated
      the effects of four independent variables--sex, age, weight, and alcohol
      consumption--on values for serum urea. Only sex and age proved to affect the urea
      values and were therefore introduced into the final model. This approach may be
      useful in determining reference intervals from observational studies when it is
      difficult to control a priori relevant factors. Moreover, variables may be
      selected not only on the basis of statistical criteria, but also according to
      biochemical and medical criteria.

PMID- 4017245
TI  - Three methods compared for determining phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid.
AB  - Phosphatidylglycerol is one component of amniotic fluid that is unaffected by
      several of the reported interferences with conventional thin-layer
      chromatographic measurement of phospholipid. To compare a rapid immunological
      agglutination test, "Amniostat-FLM", with two-dimensional thin-layer
      chromatography, we determined phosphatidylglycerol by both methods in 41 amniotic
      fluid specimens obtained at 31 to 40 weeks of gestation. We also assayed
      phosphatidylglycerol in 14 of these specimens by an enzymic, colorimetric
      procedure. The agglutination test is rapid and simple but relatively insensitive;
      it yielded positive results for only seven of 23 specimens in which
      phosphatidylglycerol was detected by thin-layer chromatography. In 18 specimens
      in which no phosphatidylglycerol was detected by thin-layer chromatography,
      results by Amniostat-FLM were also negative; however, eight of these specimens,
      assayed by the enzymic method, had phosphatidylglycerol present. Apparently, the
      Amniostat-FLM detects phosphatidylglycerol only at concentrations exceeding 25
      mumol/L, or more than 15% of the total phospholipid composition.

PMID- 4017246
TI  - Three turbidimetric methods for determining total protein compared.
AB  - We used human serum protein fractions to evaluate the sensitivity and bias of
      three turbidimetric methods for determining concentrations of proteins. Each
      fraction (Cohn Fractions II, III, IV, and V) was assigned a protein concentration
      value that was determined by the biuret method, which we calibrated with purified
      monomer of human serum albumin. All three turbidimetric methods (those involving
      sulfosalicylic acid/sodium sulfate, trichloroacetic acid, and alkaline
      benzethonium chloride) gave acceptable results for Fraction V with crystallized
      human serum albumin as the reference material, but there was bias by each of the
      three methods for the three globulin fractions. The method involving alkaline
      benzethonium chloride with measurement at 450 nm had the best sensitivity within
      the range of linearity and the most consistent bias among the three globulin
      fractions. These results define the dilemma for valid calibration of these
      methods for total serum protein in cerebrospinal fluid and urine.

PMID- 4017247
TI  - Glucose transport in erythrocytes of diabetic and healthy children as related to
      hemoglobin A1c.
AB  - We studied glucose transport under physiological conditions (38 degrees C, pH
      7.2, 5 mmol of glucose per liter) in erythrocytes of nine diabetic children with
      hemoglobin A1c values ranging from 6.6 to 13.8%, and in erythrocytes from six
      healthy children. Glucose transport was determined to be 2.38 (SD 0.16) X 10(-10)
      mol/cm2 X s (n = 18), and 2.47 (SD 0.18) X 10(-10) mol/cm2 X s (n = 12) in
      erythrocytes from diabetics and controls, respectively. The corresponding values
      for hemoglobin A1c were 11.0% (SD 2.3%) for the diabetics and 5.6% (SD 0.3%) for
      the controls. Thus the concentration of hemoglobin A1c, which reflects the degree
      of glycation of membrane proteins, differs significantly (p less than 0.001)
      between the two groups, whereas there was no significant variation (p greater
      than 0.1) in D-glucose transport. We conclude that glycation of the integral
      membrane protein that mediates glucose transport has no effect on transport
      function under physiological conditions.

PMID- 4017248
TI  - Thiocyanate vs cotinine as a marker to identify smokers.

PMID- 4017249
TI  - Temperature coefficient for erythrocyte sedimentation rate as measured in plastic
      tubes.

PMID- 4017250
TI  - Rapid procedure for finger-stick whole-blood analysis for serotonin by
      electrochemical-array-cell liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4017251
TI  - Ambient temperature and thyrotropin concentration in serum.

PMID- 4017252
TI  - Serum bile acids determined with an RA 1000 analyzer.

PMID- 4017253
TI  - Diethylstilbestrol inhibits the estrogen-binding activity of pregnancy plasma;
      possible role in DES-associated pathology.

PMID- 4017254
TI  - Direct radioimmunoassay of melatonin in saliva.

PMID- 4017255
TI  - Pitfall in treatment of anion-exchange resin before total iron-binding capacity
      in serum is measured.

PMID- 4017256
TI  - Use of lithium to determine volume of 24-h urine specimens.

PMID- 4017258
TI  - More precise determination of the cerebrospinal fluid IgG index.

PMID- 4017257
TI  - Theophylline concentrations in serum, plasma, and whole blood compared.

PMID- 4017259
TI  - Commercial kit for total estriol used for monitoring 24-h urinary estriol in non
      pregnant women.

PMID- 4017260
TI  - 'Chemical hyperthyroidism': the significance of elevated serum thyroxine levels
      in L-thyroxine treated individuals.
AB  - We have previously reported that L-thyroxine treated patients may often have
      elevated serum T4 concentrations and yet show no clinical signs of
      hyperthyroidism. We found that such patients had normal serum T3 concentrations.
      The present study explored the relationship between serum T3 and T4 and dosage of
      L-thyroxine. Retrospective analysis of 99 patient records was performed. There
      was an increase of serum T4, serum T3 resin uptake (T3R), and T3 with increasing
      dose of L-thyroxine. The T3/T4 ratio decreased with increasing dose of L
      thyroxine and with increasing T4. This phenomenon was analysed prospectively by
      starting 23 individuals on L-thyroxine and progressively incrementing the dose
      until either symptoms of hyperthyroidism developed or T4 levels exceeded the
      upper unit of the normal range. Once again, there was a progressive increase in
      serum T4, T3R, and T3 with increasing dose of L-thyroxine. At even the lowest
      dose of L-thyroxine (0.05 mg), there was a marked fall in T3/T4 ratio as compared
      to untreated individuals. The T3/T4 ratio fell further with increasing dose but
      with a fairly weak correlation. The decrease in T3/T4 ratio showed a much
      stronger correlation with serum T4. Of the 23 individuals, all exceeded the upper
      limit of the normal range of serum T4. No individual with elevated T4 developed
      clinical signs of hyperthyroidism unless serum T3 was also elevated beyond the
      normal range. Of eight individuals who reached elevated T3 levels, six
      demonstrated clinical signs of hyperthyroidism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4017261
TI  - Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men: effects on obstructive sleep apnoea,
      respiratory drives, and sleep.
AB  - The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome occurs predominantly in men. To determine
      the effect of testosterone on ventilatory function and whether testosterone may
      play a role in the development of obstructive apnoea, we performed waking
      ventilatory drive studies and sleep studies in five hypogonadal men. These
      androgen-deficient subjects were studied both while receiving no treatment and
      after six weeks of testosterone replacement therapy (testosterone oenanthate 200
      mg i.m. every 2 weeks). Hypoxic ventilatory drive decreased significantly, from
      158 +/- 39 (mean +/- SEM) off testosterone to 88 +/- 19 on testosterone therapy
      (P less than 0.05). Hypercapnoeic ventilatory drive did not change significantly
      on testosterone. Obstructive sleep apnoea developed in one man and markedly
      worsened in another man in association with testosterone administration. Both of
      these subjects also exhibited marked decreases in oxygen saturation with the
      development of cardiac dysrhythmias during sleep and large increases in
      haematocrit. The remaining three hypogonadal men did not demonstrate significant
      sleep apnoea either on or off testosterone. The percentage of sleep time spent in
      REM sleep increased from 14 +/- 3% to 22 +/- 2% when the men were receiving
      testosterone (P less than 0.01), but the episodes of sleep apnoea tended to occur
      during non-REM sleep. We conclude that in some hypogonadal men, replacement
      dosages of testosterone may affect ventilatory drives and induce or worsen
      obstructive sleep apnoea. The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is a potential
      complication of testosterone therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4017262
TI  - Bone metabolism in acute parathyroid crisis.
AB  - Studies on bone metabolism described in a fatal case of acute parathyroid crisis,
      occurring in a 48-year-old woman in whom serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone
      levels were very high, and a 5 g parathyroid adenoma was found at operation. The
      histological and biochemical findings suggested a massive and acute increase in
      bone resorption. There was, however, no evidence of any compensatory increase in
      bone formation, indicating that acute parathyroid crisis is characterized by a
      marked dissociation between bone resorption and formation. It is suggested that a
      sudden fall in oestrogen levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of this
      disorder.

PMID- 4017263
TI  - Recent advances on endogenous Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitors: clinical investigation
      and purification.
AB  - Evidence exists which demonstrates the relationship between a Natriuretic Factor
      or Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor and volemic expansion, both in man and animal.
      Patients having extracellular volume expansion have been studied for the effect
      of their plasma on erythrocytes 3H-ouabain binding. High levels of ouabain-like
      activity was found in plasma from acromegalic patients and patients with chronic
      renal failure. High levels were also observed in some hypertensive patients. A
      partial purification of such a compound was performed from urine of
      hypertensives. The partially purified compound inhibited to a greater extent the
      Na+,K+-ATPase semi-purified from dog kidney than that from sheep brain. The
      present data are consistent with the possible regulation of the activity or the
      secretion of plasma ouabain-like activity by extracellular volume.

PMID- 4017264
TI  - The importance of endogenous digoxin-like factors in rats with various forms of
      experimental hypertension.
AB  - The acute administration of anti-digoxin serum (ADS) caused a pronounced long
      lasting blood pressure decrease in young DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. The
      decrease of blood pressure was only moderate in 1K-1C Goldblatt rats while there
      was no change of blood pressure after the ADS injection in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats. However, the blockade of endogenous digoxin-like factors
      lowered blood pressure only in those hypertensive rats which were treated with
      DOCA-saline from youth but not in animals treated in the same manner only in
      adulthood. The age period at which salt intake was increased, could be
      responsible for the susceptibility of animals to salt- and volume-dependent forms
      of experimental hypertension as well as for the participation of slow acting
      humoral pressor agents in the induction and/or maintenance of elevated blood
      pressure. It is evident that endogenous digoxin-like factor(s) participate in a
      greater response of young rats to the hypertensive stimuli.

PMID- 4017265
TI  - Arguments for the presence of a Na-K ATPase pump inhibitor in the plasma of
      uremic and essential hypertensive patients.
AB  - The effect of salt and/or volume depletion has been tested in 6 end-stage renal
      disease and 11 essential hypertensive patients (HTA) on red blood cell (RBC)
      ionic fluxes. Volume depletion promotes an increase in the RBC Na-K ATPase
      activity with, as a result, a significant decrease in intracellular sodium
      concentration [Na)ic). Moreover, a factor has been found in the plasma of uremic
      subjects which causes natriuresis when injected in rat renal arteries. The
      concentration of this factor decreases during dialysis in relation to the weight
      loss and the increase in the RBC Na-K pump activity. In essential hypertension,
      the effect of a low salt diet on the blood pressure is correlated with the
      improvement of RBC Na-K ATPase activity. These experiments illustrate the
      presence of a Na-K ATPase inhibitor in the plasma of these subjects, dependent on
      sodium and water balance.

PMID- 4017266
TI  - Studies on the role of intracellular sodium and calcium in the centrally mediated
      pressor effects of CSF [Na+], ouabain and angiotensin II in anesthetized dogs.
AB  - Cerebroventricular infusions of hyperosmotic Na+ solutions, ouabain and/or
      Angiotensin-II produced significant increases in the arterial blood pressure in
      chloralose anesthetized, vagotomized dogs. A lower concentration of ouabain (10(
      6) M) which did not alter blood pressure, significantly potentiated the centrally
      mediated pressor effects of hyperosmotic Na+ and angiotensin-II. Hence, the data
      suggested that the magnitude of the central pressor effects of Angiotensin-II or
      hyperosmotic Na+ may depend upon net accumulation of sodium in the neuronal
      cells. Prior cerebroventricular infusions of felodipine, a "calcium antagonist,"
      significantly inhibited the pressor actions of higher concentrations of ouabain
      as well as that of hyperosmotic Na+-solutions, indicating that cellular calcium
      may be essential for triggering these central effects. These studies collectively
      indicate that disturbances in the Na+-transport in the neuronal cells may account
      for the involvement of the central nervous system in various types of
      hypertension.

PMID- 4017267
TI  - Observations on the "cascade" of Na-K-ATPase inhibitory and digoxin-like
      immunoreactive material in human urine: possible relevance to essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Previous investigations have demonstrated an increased amount of a sodium pump
      inhibitor (N.H.) in plasma from humans with essential hypertension and from
      animals with various forms of experimental hypertension. The present study has
      employed Sephadex column and C18 reverse phase separation of urines from patients
      with essential hypertension and normal controls to distinguish "high",
      "intermediate" and "low" molecular weight forms of N.H., measured through
      properties of Na-K-ATPase inhibition and digoxin-like immunoreactivity. The major
      difference between hypertensive and normotensive urines was a highly significant
      increase in the "intermediate" molecular weight form of N.H., as measured by Na-K
      ATPase inhibition. In contrast, digoxin-like immunoreactivity was significantly
      decreased in urine from hypertensive patients. The results are compatible with an
      hypothesis that the defect in some forms of essential hypertension may be partial
      inhibition of enzymatic conversion of intermediate to final form of N.H., with
      the increased sodium pump inhibition primarily related to the precursor.

PMID- 4017269
TI  - Symposium on osteosynthesis in foot and ankle surgery.

PMID- 4017268
TI  - Investigations of endocrine disorders.

PMID- 4017271
TI  - Digital arthrodesis.
AB  - This article briefly reviews the literature regarding digital arthrodesis. It
      presents an in-depth description of the techniques presently used for such
      procedures at the California College of Podiatric Medicine.

PMID- 4017270
TI  - External fixation. Its use in podiatric surgery.
AB  - Rigid fixation of osseous fragments with the ability to supply additional
      compression or distraction at will is achieved only by external fixation. Of
      course, the treatment of nonunions, infections, fixation of osteotomies, fusion
      of joints, and lengthening of bone can be accomplished by other satisfactory
      means with and without fixation. External fixation is only one method of
      fixation. From this list the practitioner can choose the method of fixation best
      suited to the contemplated procedure and the one with which the surgeon feels
      most comfortable. However, a good surgeon will have prepared alternative methods
      of fixation if, in fact, the first and preferable method of fixation fails. It
      would be wonderful if our plans became a reality; quite often they do not and
      this is what one must prepare for. External fixation in many of the cases
      presented was not the original form of fixation to be used; in a few cases it had
      not been seriously considered. Fortunately, however, it was considered and
      allowed a difficult situation to be remedied with relative ease. Although
      elaboration of the categories in which external fixation was employed has been
      brief, the numerous presentations lend themselves to further investigation into
      external fixation.

PMID- 4017272
TI  - The hazards of internal fixation in podiatry.
AB  - There are several ways to avoid the iatrogenic complications or hazards of
      internal fixation. The surgical approach should be planned well in advance. The
      instruments and materials to be used intraoperatively should be checked before
      beginning the operation to assure that there are adequate materials of
      appropriate length and thickness. Also, all materials should be checked for major
      defects (see Fig. 11A). Good tissue dissection and atraumatic surgical technique
      is essential to limit excessive tissue destruction. Reduction of the fracture
      fragments should be obtained prior to fixation. While applying fixation devices,
      the fragments should be held stable. Intraoperative radiographs are necessary to
      demonstrate appropriate positioning of the internal fixation device and the
      proper alignment of the fracture fragments. If the alignment is not satisfactory,
      repositioning of the devices can and should be made. Preoperative practice and
      familiarity with the fixation devices is an essential part of shortening the
      operative time and helping to assure optimum fixation stability. A poor time to
      learn the techniques for internal fixation is during surgery. Good postoperative
      care is essential to optimize fracture fragment healing results.

PMID- 4017273
TI  - Co-cultivation studies in the expression of fragile (X) (q27) in lymphocytes.
AB  - Co-cultivation studies in different combinations have been carried out between
      cells which have been found to be positive for the fragile (X) (q27) and control
      cells. As no increase or decrease was discernible in the level of Fra(X) detected
      in 'positive' cells, and no fragility was introduced into the 'negative' cells,
      it was concluded that there had been no intercellular co-operation, and a
      diffusible expression or suppression factor was not involved.

PMID- 4017274
TI  - Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy--candidosis--ectodermal dystrophy (APECED):
      autosomal recessive inheritance.
AB  - A genetic analysis was made of 58 patients and their 42 families with APECED
      (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy--candidosis--ectodermal dystrophy). APECED is
      characterized by hypoparathyroidism, primary adrenocortical failure and chronic
      mucocutaneous candidosis, but none of its components is constant. Other endocrine
      deficiencies can occur as well and also dystrophy of dental enamel and nails. The
      proportion of affected siblings was 0.147 +/- 0.034 (S.D.) when corrected for
      truncate single ascertainment, 0.246 +/- 0.019 when corrected for a priori
      truncate complete ascertainment and 0.240 +/- 0.047 when corrected for a
      posteriori truncate complete ascertainment. The male/female ratio was 1.04. The
      results are compatible with autosomal recessive transmission. No heterozygous
      manifestations of the gene were found. The gene is enriched in isolated
      subpopulations in central and eastern Finland. APECED is part of the "Finnish
      heritage of disease".

PMID- 4017276
TI  - Deficiency of fumarylacetoacetase without hereditary tyrosinemia.
AB  - A variant of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetase (FAH) (E.C.3.7.1.2) in healthy
      individuals, determined by the enzyme activity, is reported. Analysis of family
      members of probands with low FAH activity suggests that the enzyme variant
      causing low activity could be the product of a pseudodeficiency gene. Assumed
      homozygotes for this gene have only slightly higher enzyme activity than patients
      with the metabolic disorder hereditary tyrosinemia I (hepatorenal type). No
      clinical abnormalities have been found in association with the postulated gene.

PMID- 4017275
TI  - Maximal low density lipoprotein receptor activity and the effect of lipid
      lowering diet on total serum cholesterol.
AB  - This study was undertaken to test if the effect of lipid lowering diet on total
      serum cholesterol, is influenced by maximal low density lipoprotein (LDL)
      receptor activity. LDL receptor activity was determined in cultured skin
      fibroblasts from hypercholesterolemic, male subjects after lipid lowering diet
      intervention. The LDL receptor values from 15 subjects (responders) who had
      responded well to a lipid lowering diet and from 14 subjects (non-responders) who
      had responded poorly, were compared. The responders had a reduction in total
      serum cholesterol of 29.4%, and the non-responders had a reduction of 8.2% (p
      less than 0.0001). The higher values for LDL receptor activity among the
      responders did not reach statistical significance. For all 29 subjects there were
      non-significant positive correlations between reductions in total serum
      cholesterol and values for association or degradation of 125I-LDL at 37 degrees C
      (r = 0.16, p = 0.40 and r = 0.17, p = 0.38, respectively). Thus, it seems that
      maximal LDL receptor activity is not a major predictor for the response of lipid
      lowering diet on total serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects
      without autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 4017277
TI  - Familial recurrence of terminal transverse defects of the arm.
AB  - Three families in which relatives were concordant for upper limb terminal
      transverse defects are described. These families and previously reported ones
      with similar recurrence of terminal transverse defects are reviewed and analyzed.
      It is suggested that, at least in part, the patterns of relatedness for these
      recurrences more likely are the result of a genetic contribution to the
      development of this birth defect, rather than such recurrences being solely due
      to chance.

PMID- 4017278
TI  - Congenital contractural arachnodactyly. Report of four additional families and
      review of literature.
AB  - We report here four families with congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) in
      which a wide range of phenotypic expression is observed. In one family with a
      large number of affected individuals the condition is mildly expressed. These
      individuals usually have crumpled ears, camptodactyly with ulnar deviation of the
      fingers, adducted thumbs, limited elbow and/or knee extension, and hypoplasia of
      the calf muscles. Arachnodactyly is not a constant feature. No spinal deformities
      are present and only the proband has clubfoot deformities. With time, affecteds
      have experienced spontaneous improvement of their contractures and their
      condition in adulthood has not interfered with a normal lifestyle. Within this
      family there is little phenotypic variation between affected individuals. Those
      affected within each of the other families have had varying degrees of severity
      of the condition. A review of 29 other kindreds described in the literature with
      congenital contractural arachnodactyly shows that in this condition the most
      common features are abnormally formed ears, camptodactyly, arachnodactyly,
      adducted thumbs, limited movement of the elbows and knees, and underdevelopment
      of the calf muscles. Spontaneous improvement of the contractures with age is
      reported in 94% of cases. Kyphosis, scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis occurred in 50%
      and these defects were present in those who where more severely affected with
      CCA. No ocular problems have been reported in this syndrome, but congenital heart
      defects have occurred in 14.7%. Marfan syndrome is the most important condition
      to differentiate from congenital contractural arachnodactyly since these two
      conditions are similar phenotypically. However, in the former there are
      frequently serious ocular and cardiovascular problems which lead to significant
      morbidity and/or early death.

PMID- 4017279
TI  - The FG syndrome: 7 new cases.
AB  - The X-linked FG syndrome is characterised by mental retardation, congenital
      hypotonia and constipation (which may both be severe), structural anal anomalies
      and relative macrocephaly in some, and an unusual and characteristic facial
      appearance. We describe 7 males from 4 families. One had anal stenosis. Two of
      the mothers and one sister show probable carrier manifestations. The features of
      the FG syndrome are individually non-specific. We emphasize that the
      characteristic combination of features is needed to avoid overdiagnosis.

PMID- 4017280
TI  - Familial syndrome with some features of the Langer-Giedion syndrome, and
      paracentric inversion of chromosome 8, inv 8 (q11.23----q21.1).
AB  - A family is reported with an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome presenting
      some of the typical features of the tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type II (TRP
      II) or Langer-Giedion syndrome. The critical region for the expression of the
      syndrome seems to be at band 8q24.1. In the affected members of the family
      reported here, anomaly of chromosome 8 was noted, involving however the proximal
      part of the 8 long arm, which was interpreted as a paracentric inversion. Whether
      the anomaly is causally or only casually related to the syndrome is a matter of
      discussion.

PMID- 4017281
TI  - Multiple dysmorphic features and pancytopenia: a new syndrome?
AB  - Various degrees of bone marrow aplasia have been described in association with
      distinctive congenital anomalies such as the Fanconi Pancytopenia Syndrome
      (F.P.S.), Thrombocytopenia Absent Radii Syndrome (T.A.R. Syndrome) the Aase
      Syndrome and Diamond-Blackfan Anemia. This case report describes a child with
      pancytopenia and several dysmorphic features which have never collectively been
      described in any of the bone marrow aplasia syndromes listed above. In this
      paper, we report a constellation of dysmorphic features and pancytopenia which
      may constitute a new syndrome.

PMID- 4017282
TI  - Dominantly inherited syndrome of microcephaly and congenital lymphedema.
AB  - A Chinese family is reported in which microcephaly and congenital lymphedema have
      been observed in at least 4 generations. This combination of symptoms can be
      presumed to represent a rare but well defined hereditary syndrome transmitted by
      an autosomal dominant gene.

PMID- 4017283
TI  - Fetal mortality in oral cleft families (X): a response.

PMID- 4017284
TI  - Werdnig-Hoffmann disease on Reunion Island: a founder effect?

PMID- 4017285
TI  - The splenic extraction ratio of antibody-coated erythrocytes and its response to
      plasma exchange and pulse methylprednisolone.
AB  - Splenic blood flow was measured in a series of normal subjects and patients with
      connective tissue diseases by measuring the rate of equilibration and the
      partition of 111In-labelled autologous platelets between blood and spleen. These
      data were used to quantify the role of splenic blood flow in determining the
      splenic clearance of IgG coated erythrocytes (IgG-RBC) from the circulation.
      Previous studies have interpreted the clearance rates of IgG-RBC only in terms of
      splenic reticuloendothelial function. Splenic blood flow was increased in seven
      of eight patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), six of 10 patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in all five patients with essential mixed
      cryoglobulinaemia (EMC) compared with a series of thirteen normal subjects.
      Expressing the rate constant of clearance of IgG-RBC as a fraction of splenic
      blood flow gave a value for the 'extraction ratio' of IgG-RBC (a specific
      measurement of reticuloendothelial function, corrected for splenic blood flow).
      Normal splenic extraction ratio of IgG-RBC was calculated to be 32%. All the
      patients with SLE and with EMC had reduced extraction ratios (in seven out of 13
      patients less than 10%). In RA the extraction ratio tended to be normal (average
      27.3%) but variable (9-59%). Following plasma exchange in nine patients, a
      significant increase in IgG-RBC extraction ratio (average of 39% with respect to
      pre-exchange values, P less than 0.05) was found. In contrast there was no
      significant change in extraction ratio following pulse methylprednisolone therapy
      in a further nine patients. Although the rate constant of clearance of IgG-RBC
      decreased by an average of 33% (P less than 0.01) in the latter group, it was
      matched by an equal decrease of splenic blood flow (average 37%, P less than
      0.01) and so extraction ratio showed no change. These data indicate that
      quantification of splenic reticuloendothelial function requires measurement of
      both IgG-RBC clearance and of splenic blood flow.

PMID- 4017286
TI  - Depressed classical complement pathway activities in chronic lymphocytic
      leukaemia.
AB  - Haemolytic activities of the classical and alternative complement pathways, and
      levels of C1, C4, C3, factor B and C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) were measured in 85
      serum samples from 46 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL).
      Significantly decreased mean C1 and C4 levels were found, and the haemolytic
      activities of these components were low or low normal in more than 50% of the
      sera tested. In 15 sera from 5 patients a complement profile characteristic of
      acquired C1-IHN deficiency was observed. These results indicate that the
      depression of the activity of the classical complement pathway is a frequently
      occurring feature in CLL.

PMID- 4017287
TI  - Purification of the Sm nuclear autoantigen. Detection and clinical significance
      of IgM antibody.
AB  - Sm antigen from rabbit thymus acetone powder was purified using a combination of
      ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel and hydroxyapatite chromatography.
      This preparation was devoid of previously identified nuclear antigens including
      ribonucleoprotein (U1-RNP), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Sjogren's
      syndrome antigen A (SS-A/Ro), Sjogren's syndrome antigen B (SS-B/La), Sjogren's
      lupus antigen (SL), scleroderma antigen 70 (Scl-70), DNA and histones. The
      purified material was used in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to
      detect anti-Sm antibody. All sera with precipitating Sm antibody detected by
      immunodiffusion gave reactions in ELISA greater than 0.40 OD405 and contained
      predominantly IgG anti-Sm antibody. Of 112 sera which did not have anti-Sm by
      immunodiffusion there were five which gave reactions greater than 0.40 OD405.
      Four of these five sera contained only IgM antibody and the fifth contained both
      IgM and IgG. Of these five, one came from a 'normal' control who had a positive
      anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), facial rash and diabetes, two were from patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and two were from patients with mixed
      connective tissue disease (MCTD). These findings demonstrate that there are
      patients whose anti-Sm response may be restricted to IgM and in some of these
      patients the clinical presentation may be different from that of classical SLE.

PMID- 4017288
TI  - The role of C1, C1-inactivator and C4 in modulating immune precipitation.
AB  - To clarify the mechanism of inhibition of immune precipitation by early
      components of the classical pathway of complement, aggregation of 125I-BSA-rabbit
      anti-BSA antibody complexes was performed in the presence of purified C1, C1
      inactivator (C1-In) and C4. C1 delayed the rate of immune precipitation in a
      concentration dependent manner. This phenomenon was not influenced by the
      presence of 0.3 mM p-nitrophenyl-p-guanidinobenzoate (NPGB) which inhibits C1
      activation. The antiaggregational effect of C1 was reversed by 10 mM EDTA and by
      C1-In at a C1-In/C1 molar ratio of greater than or equal to 4/1. C1-In was not
      effective when the reaction was performed in the presence of NPGB. Thus, although
      the inhibitory effect of C1 on immune precipitation was not dependent upon C1
      activation, the formation of C1 was required to observe the effect of C1-In. The
      addition of C4 to C1 did not modify the slow aggregation of complexes, even when
      a limiting concentration of C1 was used. C1-In and EDTA were both able to cause
      similar rapid precipitation of complexes prepared in the presence of C1 and C4,
      demonstrating that C4 did not play a significant role in delaying the
      precipitation reaction. However, soluble complexes prepared in the presence of C1
      and C4 were specifically precipitated by the addition of excess anti-C4 antibody,
      attesting to the binding of C4 to immune complexes. These observations suggest
      that the processing of immune complexes in vivo may not be similar in different
      classical pathway complement deficiency states.

PMID- 4017289
TI  - Anti-acetylcholine receptor idiotypes in myasthenia gravis analysed by rabbit
      anti-sera.
AB  - Anti-idiotype sera, raised in rabbits against anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR)
      (idiotype) purified from the serum of three myasthenia gravis patients, inhibited
      binding of homologous idiotype to the AChR by up to 80%. The expression of
      idiotype in the three individuals changed very little over a period of several
      years, during which they showed a declining trend in overall anti-AChR antibody.
      Only one of the four anti-idiotype sera inhibited the binding of anti-AChR from a
      number of other patients. Our results indicate a consistency of idiotype
      expression within an individual, and fail to show substantial idiotype sharing
      between individuals.

PMID- 4017290
TI  - Immune deposits in normal skin of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:
      relationship to the serum capacity to solubilize immune complexes.
AB  - Immunofluorescent deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) of the skin
      (lupus band test or LBT) were evaluated in 134 patients with various connective
      tissue diseases. LBT was found positive in 23 of 32 (71.8%) patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in 3 of 53 (5.6%) patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA), and in 1 of 5 cases of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). No
      deposits were found in patients with systemic sclerosis and with vasculitis. In
      patients with SLE a positive LBT showed a direct correlation with serum Clq
      binding activity (ClqBA) and with hypocomplementemia. The mean ClqBA was 13.49 +/
      12.85 and 2.38 +/- 2.27% in SLE patients with positive and negative band test,
      respectively (P less than 0.005). Likewise depressed mean serum levels of C3 and
      C4 were detected in patients with skin deposits (P less than 0.005). Sera from
      SLE patients showed an overall decreased capacity to solubilize preformed immune
      complexes when compared to normal sera. Furthermore 10 band-positive patients
      were less able to solubilize immune complexes than sera from LBT-negative lupus
      patients (45 +/- 16 and 62 +/- 11%, respectively; P less than 0.01). Also the
      capacity to inhibit the precipitation of immune complexes was decreased in SLE
      patients with negative LBT (P less than 0.05). In conclusion our data suggest
      that in SLE patients a decreased complement-mediated solubilization of immune
      complexes is involved in the persistence of high levels of circulating immune
      aggregates and, considered its correlation with positive LBT, may be responsible
      for the deposits of immunoglobulins at the dermal-epidermal junction of the skin.

PMID- 4017291
TI  - Binding, endocytosis, and degradation of model immune complexes by murine
      macrophages at various levels of activation.
AB  - To determine if stimulation of macrophages enhances their capacity to recognize
      and process immune complexes, the binding, endocytosis, and degradation of
      soluble model immune complexes in murine macrophages have been measured. These
      complexes are composed of covalently crosslinked dimers and heavy oligomers of
      murine IgG antidinitrophenyl antibodies. Resident (unstimulated), inflammatory
      (thioglycolate-elicited), and activated (bacillus Calmette-Guerin-elicited)
      macrophages were studied. Cells elicited with either agent bound five times more
      dimers or heavy oligomers than did resident cells. Stimulated macrophages
      internalized and then degraded 50-60% of those heavy oligomers initially bound to
      the surface of the cell. Resident macrophages, however, were about 70% as
      efficient as stimulated cells at degrading intracellular complexes. Although
      dimers avidly bound to all three types of macrophages, they were internalized
      poorly and were degraded minimally. Intracellular complexes were degraded within
      lysosomes as determined by centrifugation of cell homogenates on Percoll
      gradients. Following endocytosis of heavy oligomers, Fc receptors on each type of
      macrophage were down-modulated to 30% of control levels.

PMID- 4017292
TI  - Selective IgA deficiency in the dog.
AB  - This study documents the occurrence of selective IgA deficiency in the dog. This
      is a unique spontaneous animal model with clinical and immunologic findings
      similar to that of selective IgA deficiency in humans, the most common human
      primary immunodeficiency. The disease in the dog is characterized by chronic,
      recurrent respiratory infections and dermatitis, low concentrations of serum IgA,
      normal concentrations of serum IgG and IgM, normal T-cell function as measured by
      lymphocyte transformation tests, the presence of autoantibodies, and a defect in
      the maturation or terminal differentiation of IgA B cells into IgA-secreting
      plasma cells.

PMID- 4017293
TI  - Immune responsiveness of monkeys exposed chronically to cigarette smoke.
AB  - Eleven adult male stumptailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides) were chronically exposed
      to either a low dose (human equivalent of 1 pack/day) or a high dose (human
      equivalent of 3 packs/day) of high-tar, high-nicotine University of Kentucky
      reference cigarette smoke for 4-8 years. Several parameters of their
      immunological response were compared to six nonsmoked control animals. The
      results from these experiments suggest that cigarette smoking does not
      significantly affect the response of spleen cells to the mitogens
      phytohemagglutinin or lipopolysaccharide. However, spleen cells from animals
      subjected to the heavy dose of cigarette smoke demonstrated a significant
      reduction in their natural killer cell-mediated lytic activity and a decreased
      response to concanavalin A. These results suggest that cigarette smoking may have
      a differential effect on lymphocyte subpopulations, and that the effects on the
      immune response are related to the dose of cigarette smoke.

PMID- 4017294
TI  - Lymphokines induce changes in morphology and enhance motility of endothelial
      cells.
AB  - The influence of lymphokines, the soluble mediators produced by lymphocytes, on
      the morphology and the motility of endothelial cells in vitro is described.
      Lymphokines induced an altered morphology and an increased motility of canine and
      human venous endothelial cells. The action of the lymphokines was species
      specific. The data are discussed in relation to in vitro and in vivo data on the
      behavior of endothelial cells in inflammation. The in vitro experiments allow
      further study of the role of endothelial cells in inflammatory and immunological
      processes.

PMID- 4017295
TI  - A low molecular heparin fraction as an anticoagulant during hemodialysis.
AB  - During 18 hemodialyses of patients with chronic uremia a low molecular weight
      heparin fraction (mean MW 5000 d) was used as an anticoagulant without
      complications. For comparison conventional heparin was used during 18 dialyses in
      the same patients. Equipotent doses, with regard to Xa inhibition of heparin and
      the 5000d fraction, suppressed FPA generation (fibrin formation) equally. The APT
      times were less prolonged by the 5000d fraction. When the 5000d fraction was
      doubled in relation to conventional heparin with regard to Xa inhibition, the
      suppression of FPA generation was more effective than with conventional heparin,
      without more pronounced APTT prolongations. In conclusion this heparin fraction
      was found to be useful as an anticoagulant during hemodialysis and to give less
      pronounced APTT prolongation than conventional heparin.

PMID- 4017296
TI  - Effect of an optimum dialysis fluid calcium concentration on calcium mass
      transfer during maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - The effect of an optimum dialysis fluid calcium concentration (1.625 mmol/l) on
      calcium mass transfer from dialysis fluid to patient was assessed in patients on
      routine hemodialysis. While there was a mean body gain of only 3.0 mmol of
      calcium during dialysis, a marked variation occurred with losses and gains of
      body calcium up to 16.4 and 18 mmol respectively. A significant correlation was
      noted between the mass transfer of calcium and the dialysis fluid calcium
      concentration (r = 0.834, p less than 0.01) which was found to vary by at least
      5%. This variation was due to a manufacturing variation and not due to inaccurate
      dilution of the dialysis fluid concentrate. These data suggests that such a
      manufacturing variation may expose maintenance hemodialysis patients to periods
      of excessive calcium loss or gain and thereby favor renal osteodystrophy or soft
      tissue calcification. In keeping with published data, the mean measured dialysis
      fluid calcium concentration (1.61 +/- 0.02 mmol/l) should be satisfactory for
      most patients and it is recommended that dialysis fluid concentrates be
      manufactured with closer tolerance limits.

PMID- 4017297
TI  - Occlusion of the subclavian vein: a complication of indwelling subclavian venous
      catheters for hemodialysis.
AB  - We are reporting two cases of subclavian vein occlusion following the use of dual
      lumen subclavian vein catheters as a temporary access to the circulation for
      hemodialysis. Both patients presented with arm swelling and developed significant
      collateral circulation established by venography. There was no recanalization of
      the veins following removal of the subclavian catheters in both cases. This
      complication has not been previously reported. Its possible pathogenesis is
      discussed.

PMID- 4017298
TI  - Acute renal failure and transient, massive proteinuria in a case of
      pheochromocytoma.
AB  - Severe renal impairment and massive proteinuria are rare in pheochromocytoma. We
      report the case of a patient with pheochromocytoma who repeatedly developed
      episodes of acute renal deterioration and transient, massive proteinuria. Each
      episodes followed hypotensive periods, two of which seemed to be induced by
      administration of metoclopramide. The pathogenetic mechanisms of acute renal
      deterioration and proteinuria are discussed.

PMID- 4017299
TI  - First exchange neutrophilia: an index of peritonitis during chronic intermittent
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - During intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) early diagnosis of peritonitis may
      be difficult, because of paucity in clinical signs and delays in bacteriologic
      studies. We examined prospectively leucocyte counts and their differential
      composition in initial ascites and dialysis effluent of patients on IPD and
      correlated these findings to the presence of subsequently bacteriologically
      proven clinical peritonitis. Total leucocyte counts from either ascites or first
      exchange effluent did not differentiate infected from noninfected patients. In
      contrast, first exchange effluent neutrophilia (greater than 43%) proved to be an
      early indicator of infection, being 100% sensitive and 94% specific for
      peritonitis. We conclude that in such patients peritoneal effluent neutrophilia
      should be considered an indication of possible infection.

PMID- 4017300
TI  - Seasonal variations in the incidence of kidney stones in Calgary, Alberta,
      Canada.

PMID- 4017301
TI  - Impaired cellular immune responses in adult lipoid nephrosis patients.

PMID- 4017302
TI  - Noninvasive index of cardiac contractility during stress testing: a collaborative
      study.
AB  - The present study was conducted in parallel in three different institutions with
      a similar purpose but using different technical setups. Based on the experimental
      demonstration that the external phonocardiogram is similar to the rate of
      acceleration (d3P/d3t) of the left ventricular pressure, and that catecholamines
      in a similar way increase the early positive wave of the left ventricular
      pressure and the first heart sound (S1) of the external phonocardiogram; knowing
      that exercise causes secretion of catecholamines and sympathetic reflexes, we
      have studied the S1 changes as a result of exertion in 34 normal young subjects.
      Blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiograph, and phonocardiograph recordings
      of each subject were taken. In 10 subjects, cardiac output was also recorded by
      impedance cardiography. The result of the study was that the first heart sound
      increased routinely 4-5 times the normal amplitude; in a few subjects the
      increase was up to 15 times greater. While the extent of increase of S1 was
      proportional to the severity and duration of the effort and was usually
      proportional to the increase of other parameters, exceptions were noted as having
      marked increase of S1 with moderate increase of either blood pressure or heart
      rate. This was explained by the different receptors activated by the
      catecholamines and by the complexity of hormonal and neural influences acting on
      various organs in a stress test. The amplitude of S1 was found to be a reasonably
      reliable index for following changes of cardiac contractility during exercise,
      and the suggestion was made that this parameter should be studied in parallel
      with the others in routine stress tests.

PMID- 4017303
TI  - Value of exercise electrocardiography to predict additional jeopardized
      myocardial regions remote from site of previous myocardial infarction.
AB  - In order to evaluate the efficacy of exercise electrocardiography (ECG) to
      identify jeopardized myocardial regions remote from the site of previous
      infarction, exercise ECG, left ventriculography, and coronary arteriography were
      performed in 90 patients with previous transmural myocardial infarction (MI). Of
      the 90 patients, angiographic studies revealed jeopardized myocardial regions in
      47 patients. Exercise ECG correctly identified 32 of these 47 patients for a
      sensitivity value of 68%. There were 43 patients without any additional
      jeopardized myocardial regions. Exercise ECG correctly identified only 24 of
      these 43 patients for a specificity value of 56%. The sensitivity and specificity
      values were similar in patients with prior anterior and inferior wall MI. It is
      concluded that relatively low sensitivity and specificity values preclude the
      ability of exercise ECG to accurately identify patients with jeopardized
      myocardial regions distant from the site of previous MI. Moreover, when such
      patients were correctly detected, exercise ECG was rather poor in localizing
      these additional jeopardized myocardial areas.

PMID- 4017304
TI  - Mechanism underlying the absence of ischemic changes on the exercise
      electrocardiogram in patients with abnormal exercise thallium-201 imaging and
      coronary artery disease.
AB  - Patients with coronary artery disease may have reversible abnormalities on a
      thallium myocardial perfusion study without simultaneous ischemic changes on the
      exercise electrocardiogram, but the mechanisms responsible for this disparity
      have not been fully elucidated. A group of 37 patients with angiographically
      demonstrated coronary artery disease and abnormal thallium perfusion imaging were
      divided into two groups on the basis of their exercise electrocardiographic ST
      segment response. Thirteen patients (Group A) had no significant
      electrocardiographic changes with exercise, while 24 patients (Group B) had ST
      changes consistent with ischemia during the test. There were no significant
      differences in clinical or angiographic characteristics between the two groups.
      Stress test results showed a similar mean duration of exercise in the two groups
      (6.2 +/- 1.8 versus 6.7 +/- 2.5 min, p = NS), but the patients in Group A
      achieved a significantly lower mean maximal heart rate (117 +/- 26 versus 132 +/-
      21 beats/min, p less than 0.05) and mean maximal double product (19,650 +/- 5116
      versus 22,650 +/- 4871, p less than 0.05). There was no consistent pattern of
      thallium perfusion abnormality noted in Group A to suggest that a particular
      region of electrically silent myocardium was responsible for ischemia in the
      absence of electrocardiographic changes. These results suggest that exercise
      thallium-electrocardiogram discordance is mediated by the level of myocardial
      workload achieved. An abnormal perfusion scan accompanying an exercise
      electrocardiogram which does not demonstrate any ischemic ST change may occur
      when there is sufficient increase in myocardial oxygen demand to result in
      differential augmentation of myocardial blood flow, but insufficient imbalance of
      supply and demand to result in signs of ischemia on the surface
      electrocardiogram.

PMID- 4017305
TI  - 24-hour blood pressure recording in patients with orthostatic hypotension.
AB  - Continuous intra-arterial blood pressure measurement and electrocardiograms were
      obtained in two ambulatory patients with orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic
      dysfunction. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressure presented marked variations
      which took place mainly during the day and were related to several physical
      activities; however, marked falls in blood pressure were also observed during
      sleep and at the moment of arousal. A peak incidence of hypotensive events was
      found in the afternoon, mainly in the hours following the afternoon meal.
      Recording was repeated after 3 weeks of treatment with propranolol, 40 mg t.i.d.
      In patient 1, beta blockade drastically reduced the number and severity of
      hypotensive episodes, while propranolol failed to control blood pressure in
      patient 2, who experienced a higher number of hypotensive events during
      treatment. Findings of this study may be relevant to the management of patients
      with orthostatic hypotension and should contribute to a more accurate
      characterization of blood pressure profile in autonomic dysfunction.

PMID- 4017306
TI  - Gout in females: an analysis of 92 patients.
AB  - Ninety-two females with gout are reported. The preliminary ARA criteria for acute
      gout classified 60% of the patients. Forty patients were diagnosed by finding
      tophi or urate crystals in the synovial fluid, 16 patients had the ARA clinical
      criteria for gout, and a further 36 patients were considered to have good
      clinical grounds for gouty arthritis. Classification of the patients was
      difficult. A subacute pauci-/polyarthritis was the presenting feature in 64 (70%)
      patients and in 49 (77%) there was no history of a preceding recurrent
      monoarthritis. Seventy-two patients (78%) were on diuretics. Tophi were usually
      indolent and showed little surrounding inflammation. 87% of the patients had an
      associated disease.

PMID- 4017308
TI  - Superoxide dismutases in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with
      ankylosing spondylitis or rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The activity of cyanide-sensitive and cyanide-insensitive superoxide dismutase
      (CNs- and CNi-SOD) was measured in polymorphonuclear neutrophils isolated from
      the blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (A.S.) or adults with
      rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.). Our purpose was to detect alterations in the
      protecting activity of these enzymes that might cause rheumatic lesions secondary
      to superoxide anion generation in the inflammatory loci. There was no difference
      in total SOD activity (CNs + CNi) in either A.S. or R.A. when compared to the
      control group. In contrast, CNi-SOD activity decreased in R.A. and A.S. and CNs
      SOD activity rose significantly in A.S. only. None of the changes observed in SOD
      activity correlated with patient's age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, clinical
      evolution of the disease or the drug doses administered. It is concluded that the
      reduced activity of CNi-SOD might be partly responsible for the reduced
      protection of the joints against oxygen-free radicals in patients with A.S. or
      R.A. Other factors however appear to have greater effects on the clinical
      evolution of these diseases.

PMID- 4017307
TI  - An animal model to study serum immunoglobulin response to infection by Yersinia
      enterocolitica.
AB  - Using an Elisa method, we tested whether the serum immunoglobulin response of
      CBA/H mice, orally infected by a serotype 03 strain of Yersinia enterocolitica
      was of sufficient magnitude to serve as an experimental model. We found that the
      dose of bacteria administered was important. At a dose of 10(10)-10(12) bacteria
      per mouse, easily detectable IgM, IgG and IgA antibody titers could be obtained.
      At 10(8) bacteria per mouse, although diarrhea occurred and Yersinia was shed
      into the stool, the antibody titers were minimal.

PMID- 4017309
TI  - Plasmapheresis vs total lymphoid irradiation in the treatment of severe
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In an ongoing study patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had
      previously failed conventional therapy including gold salts and penicillamine
      were randomly assigned on an open basis to a plasma exchange or fractionated
      total lymphoid irradiation protocol. Nine patients (eight female, one male) with
      erosive RA of long duration exchanged 40 ml/kg of plasma over a period of two to
      four weeks. Nine patients (eight female, one male) with similar characteristics,
      received 2,000 rads to lymphoid tissues in fractionated doses (200 rads each)
      over 4 to 5 weeks. Treatment was completed in all patients and follow-up ranged
      from two to twelve months for plasma exchange and eight to sixteen months for
      radiation. Results of the study showed subjective and objective improvement
      including morning stiffness, joint score, and pertinent laboratory evaluation in
      six patients admitted to plasmapheresis with duration of remission lasting as
      long as seven weeks. Three patients failed to show any improvement in the
      activity of the disease. Eight patients on the radiation protocol showed a marked
      decrease in disease activity which has been maintained until the present time.
      Side effects for the plasma exchange group included mild febrile reactions during
      the exchange and one non-A non-B Hepatitis. In the radiation group occipital
      alopecia, loss of appetite and nausea was seen in all patients and severe
      leucopenia in one (WBC 500/mm3). The present results suggest that both procedures
      can reduce disease activity in severe RA. Plasma exchange efficacy appears to be
      short-lived when compared to total lymphoid radiation. The latter was poorly
      tolerated by all patients submitted to the program.

PMID- 4017310
TI  - Antibodies to cardiac conducting tissue in progressive systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Cardiac conducting tissue antibodies (CCTA) were detected, using indirect
      immunofluorescence, in 8 (25%) out of 32 sera from patients with progressive
      systemic sclerosis (PSS) and in 39 (35%) out of 110 with rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA). Conduction abnormalities, namely right bundle branch block, were present in
      19 (59%) of the PSS patients and in 37 (32%) of the RA cases. No significant
      correlation was found between the prevalence of CCTA and conduction abnormalities
      in PSS patients, while this was present in RA patients (p less than 0.001). CCTA
      were always negative in 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and were
      found in one out of 8 cases with Sjogren's syndrome, also positive for rheumatoid
      factor without clinical RA. These data suggest that CCTA are evoked when
      involvement of cardiac conducting tissue (as in RA) or working myocardium (as in
      PSS) is present. Whether CCTA should be mainly regarded as an expression of the
      immunological derangement underlying these pathological conditions or whether
      they are secondary to myocardial tissue damage, must still be clarified.

PMID- 4017311
TI  - Male patients with Behcet's syndrome have stronger pathergy reactions.
AB  - The effects of patient's sex and age at onset on the pathergy reaction (cutaneous
      hypersensitivity to a needle prick) and its correlation with disease activity in
      Behcet's syndrome was investigated by two independent observers in a blind
      protocol. Among 92 male patients the pathergy reaction was more strongly positive
      (p less than 0.025) than among 67 female patients of similar age and disease
      duration. The age at onset did not affect the severity of the pathergy reaction,
      although, the early onset females (age at onset 24 years or less) had the lowest
      prevalence of pathergy positivity (52%), compared to early onset males and late
      onset (age at onset 25 years or more) males and females (73-75%). As previously
      reported the disease was more severe among males and among those with early onset
      of either gender. On the other hand, no correlation between the strength of the
      pathergy reaction and clinical severity could be discerned.

PMID- 4017312
TI  - Mineral metabolism and bone mineral content in rheumatoid arthritis. Effect of
      corticosteroids.
AB  - An evaluation of mineral metabolism was performed in 41 patients with RA and the
      pertinent data were compared to bone mineral content in patients either untreated
      or treated with different doses of corticosteroids. Our study confirms that
      osteoporosis is a common finding even in rheumatoid patients never treated with
      corticosteroids. Moreover, in patients treated with such drug the loss of bone
      mineral content was related to the dosage rather than to the length of treatment.
      In all cases no overt biochemical derangement was observed. According to our
      study, parathyroid hormone does not seem to influence the development of
      osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis, while a relative deficiency of calcitonin
      along with an inadequate vitamin D metabolism could play some role.

PMID- 4017313
TI  - Rheumatoid factor isotypes following immunization.
AB  - Serum from 422 healthy subjects prior to and four weeks after multiple
      immunizations was studied for rheumatoid factors (RF) by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Increase in IgM RF was detected in 22% of subjects
      by ELISA, but was not detectable by a standard sheep-cell agglutination test.
      Immunization may be a cause of RF positivity by a sensitive assay such as ELISA;
      it is not likely to be detected by standard clinical methods.

PMID- 4017314
TI  - Credibility of placebo transcutaneous nerve stimulation and acupuncture.
AB  - In a study comparing the credibility of acupuncture and sham transcutaneous nerve
      stimulation (TNS) within a group of chronic pain patients, equal suggestion of
      the sham TNS was achieved by incorporating a visual display and strong verbal
      suggestion into the placebo treatment. The analgesic effect of placebo is a
      confounding factor in controlled trials of physical methods of pain relief, and
      the use of sham therapy distinguishable from active therapy requires that the
      placebo be validated as a true control for the non-specific components that
      constitute the placebo aspect of the active treatment. This study uses a
      questionnaire designed to assess patient expectancy of effectiveness and
      concludes that sham TNS with strong visual and verbal suggestion may be a valid
      placebo for controlled studies of the analgesic effect of acupuncture.

PMID- 4017315
TI  - Clavicular periosteal new bone formation in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - A case of painful periosteal new bone formation is described in the clavicles of
      a 26-year-old man suffering from ulcerative colitis. Histology showed non
      specific osteitis, with signs of new bone formation. The clavicular pain
      regressed during treatment of the bowel inflammation.

PMID- 4017316
TI  - Gold nephropathy and renal amyloidosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A 71-year-old Caucasian woman with rheumatoid arthritis, who had been treated
      with gold salts for 19 months, developed a significant proteinuria associated
      with nephrotic syndrome and renal impairment. Her renal biopsy revealed the
      unusual simultaneous occurrence of gold nephropathy and renal amyloidosis and she
      was treated by gold withdrawal, methylprednisolone pulses and azathioprine, with
      a good remission of symptoms. We describe the case and discuss the possible
      cause(s) of similar renal involvement and the results obtained with the combined
      therapy of steroids and cytotoxic drugs.

PMID- 4017317
TI  - Suggestibility and placebo effect.

PMID- 4017318
TI  - Significance of the hydrogen ion concentration in synovial fluid in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - The hydrogen ion (H+) concentration and pCO2 were measured in the synovial fluid
      (SF) from the knee joints of 130 patients with arthritis by an acid-base analyser
      (ABL2 Acid-Base Laboratory), using a simple technique which prevented contact
      with air. H+ concentration was significantly higher in SF from 60 RA patients
      (mean 64.4 n mol/l; range 38-142 n mol/l) compared with patients with OA (mean 44
      n mol/l; range 29-56 n mol/l), and 40 with other arthritides (mean 52 n mol/l).
      The H+ concentration in the SF showed a significant association with other
      variables of local inflammation-platelet, total leucocyte and polymorph counts, 5
      nucleotidase, acid phosphatase and IgA levels in the SF and the clinical knee
      score, but not with the volume of the effusion. A similar relationship between
      these variables of inflammatory activity and SF pCO2 was also established. A
      higher SF H+ concentration was also found in systemically active disease, but no
      difference in SF pH between seropositive and seronegative patients. Whilst the pH
      of SF approximated to that of the blood in OA, it was significantly lower in the
      SF in RA. SF pH is a useful marker of local inflammatory activity, and its
      measurement is simple, reliable and rapid. It is relevant because changes in pH
      influence many of the processes involved in inflammation and the pH difference
      between SF and blood influences the transfer of drugs into the joint.

PMID- 4017319
TI  - Morphologic changes in the renal tract in pregnancy.
AB  - The morphology of the urinary tract is altered considerably during gestation.
      Changes occur as early as the first trimester and increase as pregnancy
      progresses. The edema and hyperemia that occur in the bladder along with its
      decreased tone predispose the patient to asymptomatic bacteriuria. The bacteria
      can then be transmitted to the ureters via the vesicoureteral reflux. The
      increase in urinary volume in the ureteropelvic system enhances the growth of the
      organisms and hence is thought to be the major cause of the increased incidence
      of pyelonephritis in pregnancy. The morphologic alterations regress dramatically
      as pregnancy is terminated and reach prepregnancy status at most by the third
      month post partum, a fact of which clinicians should be aware when interpreting
      diagnostic test results.

PMID- 4017320
TI  - The physiology of the renal tract in pregnancy.

PMID- 4017321
TI  - Acute urinary tract infections in pregnancy.
AB  - Routine screening for pregnancy ASB followed by adequate therapy and urine
      culture surveillance are important preventative measures which should be
      practiced by all obstetric physicians. The considerable maternal morbidity
      associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis more than justifies the
      effort and expense necessary to implement screening methods for the detection of
      ASB. A variety of simplified culture techniques are available for office or
      clinic use which are inexpensive and correlate well with the more expensive
      standard bacteriologic methods employed by diagnostic laboratories.

PMID- 4017322
TI  - Assessment and treatment of renal disease in pregnancy.

PMID- 4017323
TI  - Postpartum evaluation of renal function.

PMID- 4017324
TI  - Septic shock in the gynecologic patient.

PMID- 4017325
TI  - Torsion of the adnexa.
AB  - Adnexal torsion is an interesting, uncommon, and potentially lethal condition
      that may arise most unexpectedly in women of any age, but particularly during the
      reproductive years. It is generally unilateral and may involve either normal or
      pathologically enlarged ovary or tube, or both organs. The condition may be
      partial or complete, the latter often resulting in gangrene and marked
      exacerbation of symptoms. If untreated, it may progress to necrosis and gangrene,
      followed by peritonitis, which may be lethal. Prompt diagnosis, in which timely
      diagnostic laparoscopy and ultrasound evaluation of the pelvis may be helpful,
      provides the opportunity for prompt laparotomy with untwisting of the torsion and
      stabilization of the adnexa by suture and cystectomy, if possible, extirpation if
      not. Organ conservation requires a clear need to preserve reproductive or ovarian
      function, so cystectomy is generally preferable to oophorectomy.

PMID- 4017326
TI  - Prolonged survival without neurologic deficit following traumatic dorsolateral
      brainstem injury.
AB  - A 25-year-old white male survived a closed head injury with brainstem damage for
      two years without major neurologic deficits and succumbed to an unrelated
      condition. Gross and microscopic study of quantity and distribution of his
      lesions suggest that one-sided lateral brainstem injury of traumatic nature may
      be compatible with long survival and only minor neurologic deficit. Future cases
      should be evaluated for the validity of this hypothesis.

PMID- 4017327
TI  - Experimental freeze-preservation of chondrocytes.
AB  - Preservation of articular cartilage chondrocytes is currently being investigated
      in conjunction with storage and transplantation of osteochondral allografts.
      Studies on isolated chondrocytes have suggested that viability and function may
      be retained following freeze-preservation. Up to 90% of frozen isolated cells
      will survive, and these cells are capable of producing proteoglycans in culture.
      Results of freezing chondrocytes in a matrix have not been as successful, with
      viability ranging from 0% to 50%. Inconsistent results are thought to be due to
      the matrix and associated problems such as poor penetration of the
      cryopreservative, an unequal rate of cooling, and a high water content. Studies
      are in progress in an attempt to produce a satisfactory method of freeze
      preservation that will promote normal functioning of chondrocytes after
      transplantation in an articular cartilage matrix.

PMID- 4017328
TI  - Bone allografts in salvage of difficult hip arthroplasties.
AB  - Fourteen bone allograft transplantations were performed in 12 patients: five
      whole-hip osteoarticular allografts, eight acetabular wall, and one proximal
      femur with long-stem prosthesis. Average followup time was 19 months. Average
      patient age was 46 years. Acetabular grafts appeared healed. There was narrowing
      of joint space in all whole-hip allografts. However, joint narrowing did not
      correlate with functional results. Failures were attributed to collapse of the
      femoral head in one patient and nonunion at the host-allograft junction in two
      patients. However, even in primary failures, allografts provided bone stock to
      substitute for massive bone loss; this allowed for further reconstruction with
      endoprostheses. Intercalary segmental allografts combined with prosthetic devices
      gave the best results.

PMID- 4017329
TI  - Cadaveric elbow allografts. A six-year experience.
AB  - Transplantation of total elbow allografts has been employed as a salvage
      procedure in an attempt to provide patients with a useful, painless range of
      motion of the elbow. Patients who are candidates for this procedure include those
      with disabling elbow joint symptoms who refuse an arthrodesis or are not
      candidates for conventional total elbow replacement because of excessive bone
      loss or young age. Allografts must be subjected to rigid internal fixation. Rush
      rod fixation used early in this series was associated with a high incidence of
      nonunion. In this series, ten patients followed for one to six years were
      provided with a functional elbow. However, long-term results are still unknown.
      Although not recommended for routine use, this operation is viewed as a salvage
      procedure. The use of allografts in elbow reconstruction does not preclude
      subsequent reconstruction with another allograft or fusion. In patients with
      deficient bone stock, the allografts reestablish bone mass to permit an
      arthrodesis or reconstructive arthroplasty.

PMID- 4017330
TI  - Hypothermic storage and cryopreservation of cartilage. An experimental study.
AB  - Osteochondral autografts of femoral condyles in dogs were frozen at different
      cooling velocities after exposure to either glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide to
      determine the freezing regimen best suited for preservation of intact cartilage.
      Autografts were also subjected to hypothermic storage in tissue culture media for
      ascertainment of how long they can be stored under these conditions. Autografts
      maintained in vitro under various conditions of storage were examined after
      transplantation. Autografts were chosen for this portion of the investigation in
      order to study the effects of storage uncomplicated by immunologic interactions.
      No differences were found between the cryoprotective actions of glycerol and
      dimethyl sulfoxide. The freezing rate that produced the least damage in the
      cartilage was 2 degrees/min. Cartilage survived ten days of hypothermic storage
      in tissue culture medium. Allografts frozen by the standard method of
      glycerolization and cooling at 1 degree/min were also studied. These showed
      eventual loss of chondrocytes and conversion of hyaline cartilage to
      fibrocartilage.

PMID- 4017331
TI  - Localization of symptomatic lumbar pseudarthroses by use of discography.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with lumbar pseudarthroses following attempted fusion were
      investigated by preoperative discography. The pseudarthroses were confirmed at
      surgical exploration. In 19 patients, discography at the level of a
      pseudarthrosis reproduced typical back pain, and in two patients the level above
      the fusion reproduced typical pain. Discography is not indicated when the major
      symptoms are leg or buttock pain. Technical errors included injection into the
      annulus fibrosis and impingement of the needle into the vertebral endplate. The
      latter may produce a false-positive result. Previous posterior fusions and very
      narrow disc spaces prevented insertion of the needle in some patients. Not all
      lumbar pseudarthroses were symptomatic, and two frequently occurred in the same
      patient. Discography is a useful adjunct to the traditional investigation of
      lumbar pseudarthroses.

PMID- 4017332
TI  - Granular cell ameloblastoma of the mandible with metastasis to the third thoracic
      vertebra. A case report.
AB  - A 62-year-old housewife had a metastasis of granular cell ameloblastoma to the
      third thoracic vertebra. She had suffered at least four local recurrences during
      the 38-year duration of the right mandibular tumor and was treated by posterior
      decompression of the spinal cord with instrumentation. Histologically, the
      granular cells appeared to be of epithelial origin. Ultrastructurally, the
      granules were identified as lysosomes, including some that were autophagic. Of 45
      reported cases of granular cell ameloblastoma, there have been only three cases
      with pathologically confirmed metastasis. Their characteristics are long duration
      of the tumor, multiple local recurrences, and predominance in blacks.

PMID- 4017333
TI  - Abductor muscle performance in total hip arthroplasty with and without
      trochanteric osteotomy. Radiographic and mechanical analyses.
AB  - Total hip arthroplasty was performed for unilateral hip disease in 26 patients
      with trochanteric osteotomy (TS) and 27 patients without osteotomy (NS). Early
      postoperative recovery of function, pain, mobility, radiographic changes, and
      abduction torques were recorded and evaluated. Theoretic analysis of hip
      mechanics based on radiographic measurements was compared with measured abduction
      torques for each patient. Function, pain, and mobility ratings were similar for
      both groups pre- and postoperation. Radiographic measurements demonstrated better
      mechanical reconstruction of hips in both groups. There was a trend, but no
      statistically significant correlation, of mechanical parameters and measured
      isokinetic or isometric abduction torques at the hip joint in the TS group. In
      the NS group, no correlation was found between mechanical parameters and measured
      torques. A significant improvement in recovery of torque was found in the NS
      group when compared to the TS patients.

PMID- 4017334
TI  - Treatment of femoral shaft fractures associated with acute spinal cord injuries.
AB  - Twenty-seven femoral shaft fractures in 23 patients with acute spinal cord
      injuries were reviewed for evaluation of the outcome of operative versus
      nonoperative treatment. Three groups were identified: 11 nonoperative, eight
      early operative, and eight delayed operative. Patients treated initially by
      nonoperative methods developed five impending nonunions (31%), which subsequently
      were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. One femur in each of the
      operative groups developed a refracture after early removal of metal fixation
      devices. In the delayed operative group, four patients (50%) required
      manipulation under general anesthesia for treatment of poor knee motion. Patients
      with complete neurologic lesions whose femurs were treated nonoperatively
      incurred more complications, i.e., decubitus ulcers, than those treated
      operatively. Operative stabilization of the femur within six weeks of injury
      rendered the most favorable outcome with the least number of orthopedic or
      medical complications in patients with both complete and incomplete cord lesions.
      All of the eight fractures united.

PMID- 4017335
TI  - Histologic evidence of retinacular nerve injury associated with patellofemoral
      malalignment.
AB  - Patellofemoral malalignment is frequently accompanied by pain that may respond to
      conservative treatment or lateral retinacular release. Frequently, there is
      little or no evidence of chondromalacia patellae in these patients. This study
      presents consistent evidence of nerve damage (demyelination and fibrosis) in the
      lateral retinaculum of patients with intractable patellofemoral pain requiring
      lateral retinacular release or realignment of the patellofemoral joint. The
      changes observed in the retinacular nerves resemble the histopathologic picture
      of Morton's interdigital neuroma. It is likely that the lateral retinaculum
      itself is painful in many patients with patellofemoral malalignment.

PMID- 4017336
TI  - Knee fusion with intramedullary rods for failed total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Knee fusion was obtained after failed total knee arthroplasty with the aid of
      internal fixation by use of intramedullary rods. The method has been used in
      eight cases, including difficult situations characterized by morbid obesity,
      segmental fractures, and loss of bone stock. In these cases, stability would have
      been difficult to obtain with conventional methods of external fixation,
      compression, or casting. Stability was achieved quickly with an intramedullary
      rod in eight cases; fusion was obtained in seven.

PMID- 4017337
TI  - Combined Maquet and proximal tibial valgus osteotomy.
AB  - A combined Maquet and proximal tibial valgus osteotomy has been used to treat
      patients presenting with anterior and medial compartmental degenerative
      arthritis. Patients with clinically symptomatic lateral compartmental disease,
      gross instability, or a nonfunctional range of motion were excluded. Thirty-four
      knees in 31 patients whose average age was 59.6 years were studied. Follow-up
      periods range from six to 36 months (mean, 16 months). Results have been
      tabulated with respect to the patient's preoperative radiographs and clinical
      knee ratings. The surgical technique has been the same throughout the series and
      is notable for the absence of metallic fixation and for the division of the
      tibiofibular joint proximally without an associated fibular osteotomy. Neither
      nonunion nor peroneal nerve dysfunction was encountered postoperation. To date,
      68% of the results have been graded as good to excellent, 20% as fair, and 12%
      have failed. No correlation was found between preoperative radiographic rating
      and postoperative result.

PMID- 4017338
TI  - Distal calcaneal osteotomy in resistant talipes equinovarus.
AB  - In resistant talipes equinovarus deformity, posterior medial release alone may be
      inadequate. Procedures involving the lateral column are sometimes necessary.
      Thirty-nine patients were treated by a distal calcaneal osteotomy and plantar
      fasciotomy. Good results were obtained in 30 of 39 patients; two had fair results
      and seven of 39 had poor results. Of the lateral column procedures, distal
      calcaneal osteotomy avoids the articular surfaces and provides for easier
      rotational positioning and correction of the forefoot. Older patients who have
      had multiple operations and, potentially, more severe pathology do not do well
      with this procedure. Preoperative evaluation of certain radiographic parameters
      is important in patient selection for these procedures.

PMID- 4017339
TI  - Clinical and neurophysiologic characteristics of the pronator syndrome.
AB  - Nine patients were clinically diagnosed as having a pronator syndrome, i.e., high
      median nerve compression. The main symptom was pain at the proximal volar aspect
      of the forearm increasing for several hours after exercise. All patients showed
      local tenderness over the median nerve 4-5 cm distal to the elbow and pain on
      active forearm pronation against resistance. Two patients had been previously
      operated upon for carpal tunnel syndrome. Preoperative routine neurographic
      electromyographic studies were normal. In the differential diagnosis, the
      exclusion of carpal tunnel syndrome and anterior interosseous nerve entrapment is
      most important. On active isometric forearm pronation, interference with median
      nerve motor conduction occurred in three patients preoperation. This phenomenon
      had disappeared following median nerve decompression at the level of the pronator
      muscle. Fibrous bands from the pronator muscle, encircling the nerve, seemed to
      be an etiological factor. Eight of nine patients were either improved or
      recovered completely by surgical treatment.

PMID- 4017340
TI  - Radiocarpal fracture--dislocation.
AB  - Radiocarpal fracture-dislocation was associated with fracture of the distal
      articular surface of the radius in five patients (six extremities). Closed
      manipulation resulted in satisfactory reduction of both the dorsal dislocation of
      the carpus on the distal radius and displaced articular fracture fragment(s) in
      two of four extremities. In four extremities, open reduction was necessary as the
      only means of satisfactorily managing this severe wrist injury. Direct
      visualization through a dorsolateral incision alone allows for maximal
      restoration of the often extensive bony injury of the dorsal articular surface of
      the radius. A volar incision is required for anatomic reduction of the carpus,
      and median reconstitution of the radiocarpal ligament nerve decompression.
      Functional results were generally satisfactory; however, radiographic
      degenerative changes appearing early portend traumatic arthritis as a sequela of
      this complex injury.

PMID- 4017341
TI  - Bioresorption of ceramic strontium-85-labeled calcium phosphate implants in dog
      femora. A pilot study to quantitate bioresorption of ceramic implants of
      hydroxyapatite and tricalcium orthophosphate in vivo.
AB  - Ceramic hydroxyapatite and tricalcium orthophosphate were radioactively labeled
      with their strontium-85 analogs. Porous blocks of these materials (dimensions 2.5
      X 1.25 X 0.5 cm) were implanted into surgically created defects in dog femora.
      The fate of the implants was studied by roentgenography, radioactivity
      measurements, histology, and microradiography. The radioactivity over the implant
      site was followed for 22 weeks. Implants were retrieved after 20-25 and 50-55
      weeks. Hydroxyapatite implants were not affected by biodegradation processes,
      while tricalcium orthophosphate implants were subject to extensive bioresorption
      (25%-30% in 22 weeks). Resorption debris from tricalcium orthophosphate implants
      was found in mononuclear phagocytes and multinuclear osteoclastlike cells. The
      supposition is that tricalcium orthophosphate is transformed into hydroxyapatite
      in a physiologic environment. Labeling of ceramic calcium phosphate implants with
      strontium-85 analogs offers an adequate technique to quantitate bioresorption in
      vivo.

PMID- 4017342
TI  - The effect of manganese ingestion, phosphate depletion, and starvation on the
      morphology of the epiphyseal growth plate. A stereologic study.
AB  - Oral administration of manganese to young rats results in poorly mineralized
      primary spongiosa and an irregularly thickened growth plate with a histologic
      resemblance to that in vitamin D-deficiency rickets. In the present study, the
      rachitic lesions were characterized by stereologic methods at the light
      microscopic level. With increasing doses of Mn in the diet, the animals developed
      rachitic lesions of increasing severity, i.e., the total height of the growth
      plate and the relative volume of the hypertrophic zone increased. The
      experimental animals developed hypophosphatemia, which was dependent on the Mn
      dose. The observed serum concentrations of Mn and phosphorus are compatible with
      the idea that MnHPO4 is precipitated in the gut, leaving only small amounts of Mn
      and phosphate available for absorption. Furthermore, the severity of the rachitic
      lesions were inversely correlated to the concentration of phosphate in serum. The
      most important pathomechanism in Mn rickets is phosphate depletion, which per se
      causes similar rachitic changes, even though Mn also seems to have other effects.
      Starvation caused a decrease in the height of the growth plate and in the volume
      fraction of the hypertrophic zone, thus changes contrary to the rachitic lesions.

PMID- 4017343
TI  - Decompression of an experimental compartment syndrome in dogs with hyaluronidase.
AB  - The treatment of compartment syndromes in which elevation of intracompartmental
      pressure occurs is by surgical fasciotomy. This is a relatively simple procedure
      but may be associated with complications. This study aimed at developing an
      alternative method to decompress a compartment by use of the enzyme
      hyaluronidase. Autologous plasma was infused into the anterolateral leg
      compartments of six dogs to simulate compartment syndromes of 80 mmHg. Pressure
      decay after pressurization was recorded. The compartment pressures were then
      again raised to 80 mmHg by subfascial injections of 1500 units hyaluronidase in 2
      ml saline injected into one compartment and 2 ml saline only into the control
      side. Pressure decay was again recorded. On the experimental side, a
      significantly faster decay rate occurred after hyaluronidase injection than after
      initial pressurization; 8.0 +/- 1.3 (S.E.M.) versus 3.4 +/- 0.4 (S.E.M.) mmHg/min
      (p less than .01). Pressure decay after hyaluronidase injection was significantly
      faster than after the same volume injection on the control side, over both a four
      minute period (8.0 +/- 1.3 [S.E.M.] versus 4.1 +/- 0.6 [S.E.M.] mmHg/min [p less
      than .03]) and a 25-minute period (2.1 +/- 0.3 [S.E.M.] versus 1.3 +/- 0.1
      [S.E.M.] mmHg/min [p less than .03]). Hyaluronidase removes hyaluronic acid
      molecules from the leg compartment fascia and, by facilitating fluid flow from
      the compartment, causes decompression. Hyaluronidase may then have a place in the
      prophylaxis and treatment of compartment syndrome, thus avoiding anesthesia and
      surgery.

PMID- 4017344
TI  - Induced regeneration of calvaria by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in dogs.
AB  - In the adult dog, a 14-mm skull trephine defect regenerates only incompletely in
      the lifetime of the individual. Only about half of the defect is repaired; the
      regenerated part develops by extension of growth from the bony rim. Correlated
      roentgenographic and histomorphometric methods demonstrate that new bone develops
      by proliferation of preexisting osteoprogenitor cells lining the diploe and
      perivascular cells of the bone marrow stroma. An autogeneic bone graft, including
      bone marrow, provides a supplementary supply of cells in a homostructural
      framework and generally completes the repair process. Transplants of bone marrow
      alone fail to repair the defect. Implants of bovine bone morphogenetic protein
      (bBMP) and a carrier consisting of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid rich protein
      (without any additional bone or bone marrow) induce repair almost as completely
      as an autograft. BMP-induced bone regeneration is incomplete in the thin lateral
      temporal marrow-deficient part of the cranium. Implants of BMP plus bone marrow
      induce complete repair, suggesting that calvarial bone regeneration is bone
      marrow stroma-dependent for a supply of target cells. The target for BMP in
      cranial bone regeneration is the perivascular connective tissue cells (pericyte)
      of the host bed marrow stroma and endosteum. The molecular mechanism of
      differentiation of pericytes into osteoprogenitor cells is not known, but the
      process is irreversible, heritable, and presents a solvable problem.

PMID- 4017345
TI  - Fate of vascularized and nonvascularized autografts.
AB  - Controlled laboratory data demonstrate biologic and mechanical characteristics of
      orthotopically placed canine ulnar autografts. The pattern of bone repair was
      similar in vascular and nonvascular ulnar grafts beginning with resorption
      followed by appositional reactive bone formation. The time intervals in the
      sequence were accelerated in the vascularized grafts. Both the strength and
      stiffness of the vascularized grafts were found to be significantly greater in
      Groups studied from six weeks to six months postoperation. There was no
      statistical difference between the grafts for mechanical testing performed on
      dogs either one week or one year postoperation. The vascularized ulnar bone
      grafts fared better than comparably sized nonvascularized grafts and were more
      rapidly repaired. The mechanical testing demonstrated superior strength and
      stiffness of the vascularized grafts throughout the repair process.

PMID- 4017346
TI  - [Postural responses to a sudden forward tilting force in Parkinson's disease-
      analysis of surface electromyograms of leg muscles and in silent periods].

PMID- 4017347
TI  - [An atypical case of Cockayne syndrome showing a decrease in cultured skin
      fibroblast colonies by ultraviolet irradiation].

PMID- 4017348
TI  - [A case of Kearns-Sayre syndrome with elevated lactate and pyruvate levels in the
      cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 4017349
TI  - [Restless legs syndrome in four parkinsonian patients treated with amantadine].

PMID- 4017350
TI  - [Neurological disorders and sweating. I. Sweating disturbances in unilateral
      vascular lesions of the brain stem].

PMID- 4017351
TI  - [Structural proteins of the opaque muscle fibers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 4017352
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 4017353
TI  - [Sensory nerve conduction by the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve].

PMID- 4017355
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of myopathy in Kumamoto Prefecture].

PMID- 4017354
TI  - [Neurogenic proximal muscular atrophy with rigid spine].

PMID- 4017356
TI  - [Herpetic brainstem encephalitis--a case report].

PMID- 4017357
TI  - [A study of exercise-induced muscular changes in rats].

PMID- 4017358
TI  - [Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: a case with MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy,
      encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes)].

PMID- 4017359
TI  - [Two cases of syringomyelia showing atypical neurological sings].

PMID- 4017360
TI  - [The orbicularis oris reflex and the orbicularis oculi reflex].

PMID- 4017361
TI  - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
      syndrome].

PMID- 4017362
TI  - [Changes of silent periods in normal gastrosoleus muscle under the upright
      position at tilting board].

PMID- 4017363
TI  - [An autopsy case with meningitis accompanied by circumscribed spinal cord
      damage].

PMID- 4017365
TI  - [Masticatory spasm in progressive facial hemiatrophy].

PMID- 4017364
TI  - [Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord. Significance of peripheral nerve
      involvement].

PMID- 4017366
TI  - [Clinicopathological study on eye movement of progressive supranuclear palsy].

PMID- 4017367
TI  - [A clinical study for pathogenesis of idiopathic peripheral facial palsy].

PMID- 4017368
TI  - [Diagnosis of the Wernicke's encephalopathy].

PMID- 4017369
TI  - [An observation of spontaneous discharges by surface EMG in motor neuron disease.
      Correlation between ratio of evocation by edrophonium and clinical course].

PMID- 4017370
TI  - [Kearns-Sayre syndrome with reduced cerebrospinal fluid folic acid].

PMID- 4017371
TI  - [A prolapsed cervical disc with diffuse contrast enhancement on CT].

PMID- 4017372
TI  - [Midbrain corectopia. A manifestation of dorsal midbrain syndrome in seven
      patients with basilar artery infarction].

PMID- 4017373
TI  - [Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a female with an X-autosome translocation].

PMID- 4017374
TI  - [Delayed radiation necrosis of the brain. A case with Kluver-Bucy syndrome].

PMID- 4017375
TI  - [A case of callosal apraxia after left anterior cerebral artery occlusion].

PMID- 4017376
TI  - [Elevation in upper part of trapezius muscles in FSH muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 4017377
TI  - [A case of total agenesis of the corpus callosum. The diagnosis by NMR-CT and the
      localization of the speech center].

PMID- 4017378
TI  - [A case of spindle coma].

PMID- 4017379
TI  - Rapid resolution of perfusion/ventilatory abnormalities in pulmonary air
      embolism.
AB  - A case of pulmonary air embolism is presented demonstrating a nearly total lung
      perfusion defect and a matching ventilation deficit. Despite advanced age, mild
      chronic obstructive airway disease, and congestive heart failure, the
      perfusion/ventilatory (V/Q) abnormalities produced by the air emboli resolved to
      near completion within three days. Rapid resolution of V/Q abnormalities due to
      air embolism is distinct when compared to the abnormalities seen with
      thromboembolism and the mechanism the matching V/Q defects is discussed.

PMID- 4017380
TI  - Practical hepatobiliary imaging using pretreatment with sincalide in 139
      hepatobiliary studies.
AB  - Hepatobiliary studies were performed over a three-year period on 139 patients
      suspected of having cystic duct obstruction. Each patient was infused
      intravenously with sincalide, a C-terminal octapeptide of CCK, 15 minutes prior
      to the administration of the hepatobiliary imaging agent Tc-99m paraisopropyl
      iminodiacetic acid (PIPIDA). Analysis of the results demonstrated significant
      advantages in pretreating patients with sincalide in hepatobiliary studies in a
      small facility with a relatively large patient load. Most of our studies were
      completed within 2 hours without jeopardizing the sensitivity (97%) or accuracy
      (96%) of the test. The specificity (88%) was comparable to percentages reported
      by others. Most investigators have reported that chronic cholecystitis
      contributed to the majority of false-positive cases. In addition, inconsistency
      in the documentation of criteria for the determination of acute cholecystitis
      (surgical, radiologic, or histologic also could be a cause for such a
      discrepancy. Knowledge of some important variables may help improve the
      specificity of the test: an awareness of the following factors during scan
      interpretation: 1) the effectiveness of the sincalide pretreatment dose, 2) the
      patient's pretest status (fasting or nonfasting, postanalgesic medication or no
      analgesics), and 3) time limit for gallbladder visualization. With these
      variables in mind, the hepatobiliary imaging using pretreatment with sincalide is
      proven to be a practical procedure protocol with good sensitivity and accuracy as
      well as specificity.

PMID- 4017381
TI  - Amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism in a patient with Marfan's syndrome and Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - In a 20-year-old patient with Marfan's syndrome and Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome, effective amiodarone treatment had to be stopped due to serious
      hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis and therapy of amiodarone-induced dysthyroidism is
      discussed.

PMID- 4017382
TI  - Combined delayed technetium-99m HIDA and technetium-99m tin colloid diagnosing
      liver deformity due to hepatic flexure.

PMID- 4017383
TI  - Diffuse bone metastases in a case of astrocytoma.
AB  - Presented is an unusual case of astrocytoma with diffuse multiple bony metastases
      in bone imaging. The classification, spread, and prognosis of astrocytoma are
      briefly reviewed.

PMID- 4017384
TI  - Renal and hepatic scintigraphy in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).
AB  - Scintigraphic findings in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) have been
      presented. To summarize, a focal hot spot on liver imaging was better seen on the
      IDA scan, showing resolution following a satisfactory portacaval anastomosis. PNH
      is another cause of hot kidneys on bone imaging.

PMID- 4017385
TI  - The development of regenerative nodules in Budd-Chiari syndrome demonstrated by
      liver scan.

PMID- 4017386
TI  - "Positive" gallium scan of chest secondary to colonic herniation.

PMID- 4017387
TI  - False-positive liver scintigraphy secondary to posterior sulcus pulmonary
      neoplasm.

PMID- 4017388
TI  - False-positive liver scan due to ascites.

PMID- 4017389
TI  - Subintimal dissection of peritoneovenous shunt tubing. Demonstration with
      radionuclide study.
AB  - A case report is presented in which malfunction of a peritoneovenous shunt was
      caused by subintimal dissection of the venous end of the shunt tubing. The
      radionuclide shunt patency study demonstrated a collection of radioactivity at
      the venous end of the tubing, representing the abnormal intramural collection of
      peritoneal fluid. Scintigraphic demonstration of this complication of a
      peritoneovenous shunt has not been reported previously.

PMID- 4017390
TI  - Bile ascites in adults. Diagnosis using hepatobiliary scintigraphy and
      paracentesis.
AB  - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy has been recognized as a useful diagnostic tool in
      detecting the presence and site of bile leaks. The authors report a case of bile
      ascites secondary to a postsurgical biliary leak, the scintigraphic findings in
      bile ascites, and the potential use of paracentesis, in combination with
      hepatobiliary scintigraphy, in confirming the presence of bile ascites and a bile
      leak.

PMID- 4017391
TI  - Demonstration of a false-positive lesion on indium-111 leukocyte scintigraphy in
      a case of active Crohn's disease.
AB  - Increased fecal excretion of In-111 tagged leukocytes in patients with active
      inflammatory bowel disease may lead to a false-positive site of disease in
      patients with a diverting colostomy or ileostomy and fecal collection bags that
      overlie the abdominal wall or groin region.

PMID- 4017392
TI  - Scintigraphic visualization of human malignant melanoma with N-isopropyl-P-[I
      123] iodoamphetamine.
AB  - Marked accumulation of I-123 IMP was noted in a patient with malignant melanoma.
      This preliminary finding suggests the potential role of I-123 IMP for detection
      and evaluation of the disease.

PMID- 4017393
TI  - Transient bronchoconstriction associated with angiographically proven pulmonary
      embolus.
AB  - It is rare for a pulmonary embolus to cause delayed washout on xenon scans. A
      case of angiographically proven pulmonary embolus with transient bronchospasm
      present 48 hours after the onset of symptoms is presented. Possible mechanisms
      are discussed.

PMID- 4017394
TI  - The role of nuclear imaging in the management of the first total artificial heart
      recipient.
AB  - On December 2, 1982, a permanent total artificial heart was implanted into the
      chest of a 61-year-old man with a progressive and irreversible cardiomyopathy.
      During the ensuing four-month hospitalization, a number of nuclear medicine
      procedures were obtained to assist in patient management. These procedures
      included gated cardiac radionuclide ventriculography, an I-123 iodoamphetamine
      scan for cerebral perfusion, and In-111 labeled leukocyte imaging. These
      radionuclide studies demonstrate the advantages of being able to monitor
      physiologic changes noninvasively and illustrate a potential role for nuclear
      cardiology in managing patients with a total artificial heart.

PMID- 4017395
TI  - Idiopathic pulmonary ossification with focal pulmonary uptake of technetium-99m
      HMDP bone scanning agent.

PMID- 4017396
TI  - Gastrointestinal blood pool imaging in tuberous sclerosis.

PMID- 4017397
TI  - Pemoline pharmacokinetics and long term therapy in children with attention
      deficit disorder and hyperactivity.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic behaviour of pemoline was studied in 28 children, aged 5 to
      12 years, diagnosed as having the attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity.
      The mean elimination half-life of pemoline in these children was approximately 7
      hours, which is considerably shorter than the half-life of 11 to 13 hours
      previously reported in adults. The tendency of the half-life to increase with age
      may be explained by the statistically significant decrease in total body
      clearance with age. The increasing half-life of pemoline with age should be
      considered during long term drug therapy. In this study no tolerance to the
      beneficial effects of pemoline was observed over 6 months. The apparent
      therapeutic serum concentration range for these children was attained after doses
      of 37.5 to 131.25 mg pemoline daily. Since the optimum serum concentration shows
      wide variation, the dosing regimen must be determined individually. Routine
      monitoring of the pemoline serum concentrations is not useful because of this
      apparent variation in optimum serum concentration and because of the linear
      relationship between dose and concentration.

PMID- 4017399
TI  - Nonparametric methods. Clinical applications.
AB  - In clinical research, "samples" are studied in order to get ideas about the
      characteristics of the larger populations from which the samples are taken.
      Population characteristics are called parameters (the population mean and
      standard deviation are examples). Parametric statistical methods are those that
      require estimates of parameters and assumptions about the source populations.
      Familiar examples of parametric methods are the t test, analysis of variance, and
      Pearson's correlation coefficient. Nonparametric (NP) methods do not require
      estimates of population parameters. These methods are sometimes called
      "distribution-free" because the samples of interest can be evaluated without
      concern for the shape (distribution) of the values in the populations providing
      the samples. NP methods also are called "ranking" or "ordering" tests, because
      the relative size or order of the observations may be evaluated, rather than
      requiring actual measurements. More than 30% of the research reports that
      appeared between July 1982 and June 1983, in four pediatric journals, employed at
      least one nonparametric method. The commonly used tests were chi-square, the
      Fisher exact test, and various "ranking" methods. An alphabetical list of common
      nonparametric tests is presented, with brief comments about each. Tables are
      presented, arranged by types of observations, so that the nature of the data
      guides the user to the method that might be used.

PMID- 4017398
TI  - Plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide during
      pregnancy and after delivery.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of carbamazepine were monitored in 9 pregnant epileptic
      patients treated with the drug alone at constant doses during pregnancy and for
      at least 3 months after delivery. In addition, plasma concentrations of the
      metabolite, carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide were measured in 6 of the 9 patients.
      Plasma carbamazepine concentrations were fairly stable during pregnancy, and
      carbamazepine relative plasma clearances were significantly higher in weeks 4 to
      24 than in weeks 25 to 32. After the end of the second trimester, there were no
      variations in plasma carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide concentrations and carbamazepine
      10,11-epoxide:carbamazepine ratios. Both parameters were significantly higher in
      weeks 4 to 24 than in weeks 25 to 32 of pregnancy.

PMID- 4017400
TI  - Persistent hypertransaminasemia as the presenting finding of childhood muscle
      disease.
AB  - Four children with isolated, persistent elevations of serum transaminases were
      investigated for hepatic disease and followed for 4 to 24 months before serum
      creatine kinase determinations were obtained and found to be markedly elevated.
      Evidence of muscle disease was obtained by close questioning, retrospectively,
      and mild abnormalities were found on physical examination. Review of laboratory
      tests in our center for 6 months revealed 30 additional cases of anicteric
      hypertransaminasemia (20% of those with elevated enzymes), only two of which were
      unexplained by the admitting diagnosis. Serum transaminase values are elevated in
      a variety of diseases of different organ systems. Creatine kinase determinations
      may provide the clue to the diagnosis of occult muscle disease in some children
      with unexplained anicteric hypertransaminasemia.

PMID- 4017401
TI  - Respiratory complications of metatropic dwarfism.
AB  - Two infants with clinical and radiologic features of metatropic dwarfism
      presented in the neonatal period with episodes of cyanosis. Diagnostic studies to
      determine the etiology of these spells, including electrocardiogram,
      electroencephalogram, arterial blood gases, and metabolic and sepsis studies,
      were unremarkable. Chest roentgenograms revealed the characteristic long, narrow
      thoracic cage with no evidence of parenchymal disease. Cervical spine stability
      evaluation, pulmonary function studies, and chest impedance monitoring with
      qualitative air flow thermistor studies and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring were
      carried out. Both patients demonstrated a significant increase in resistance of
      the respiratory system following passive maneuvering of the head from a neutral
      position, suggestive of hypopharyngeal air flow obstruction. Obstructive sleep
      apnea resulting in cyanosis was documented in both patients. All other studies
      failed to yield a cause for the episodes of cyanosis. Our investigation failed to
      alter the clinical course which resulted in respiratory arrest and death by 7
      months of age. A table is presented for the differentiation of skeletal
      dysplasias presenting in the perinatal period.

PMID- 4017402
TI  - Oculoglandular syndrome caused by Francisella tularensis.
AB  - Oculoglandular syndrome developed in a 9-year-old boy with a recent history of
      tick bites and minor eye trauma. Francisella tularensis was isolated on
      chemically supplemented chocolate agar from a swab of a conjunctival ulcer and an
      aspirate of a preauricular lymph node, confirming the diagnosis of tularemia. In
      addition, a rise in agglutination titer to the pathogen was detected in paired
      sera. The differential diagnosis of oculoglandular syndrome is discussed, with
      emphasis on the clinical characteristics which led to the diagnosis of tularemia.

PMID- 4017403
TI  - Subglottic laryngeal atresia associated with tracheoesophageal fistula. Long-term
      survival.

PMID- 4017404
TI  - The CHARGE association in a male newborn infant. Diagnostic and therapeutic
      considerations.

PMID- 4017405
TI  - Prenatal factors affecting intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), like postnatal growth retardation,
      involves skeletal and soft tissues. It is important to distinguish between
      depletion of soft tissues and stunting of linear skeletal growth, not only in
      older infants and children, but also in newborn infants. There are three main
      types of IUGR. To diagnose all three types involves much more than simply
      obtaining an individual's weight in relation to his or her age, as is now the
      widely accepted practice in newborn infants. Standards of intrauterine growth
      should not include growth-retarded newborn infants, insofar as it is possible to
      exclude them. Tables and graphs of intrauterine growth based on representative
      populations of newborn infants are apt to be a mixture of unknown numbers of
      normally grown and growth-retarded fetuses. The suggestion is put forward that
      standards of intrauterine growth should be based on newborn infants who have not
      been subjected to known growth-retarding influences prenatally. The diagnosis of
      intrauterine growth retardation prenatally by ultrasonic techniques has not
      reached the degree of reliability and validity that is needed for the routine
      detection of all fetuses with severe intrauterine growth retardation. Prenatal
      measurements made by ultrasound still require confirmation postnatally by
      appropriate measurements of infants at birth. The epidemiology, diagnosis, and
      postnatal courses of newborn infants with severe types of IUGR are discussed.

PMID- 4017406
TI  - Contemporary breast-feeding management.
AB  - This article updates clinicians in the successful initiation and practical
      management of nursing couples. Routine breast-feeding anticipatory guidance is
      provided, and specific problem-solving techniques offered for commonly
      encountered lactation problems. The physiologic basis of normal lactation is
      emphasized and related to specific problems. Issues addressed include the
      management of lactation in the presence of maternal employment, infant failure-to
      thrive, maternal drug therapy, and infant prematurity.

PMID- 4017407
TI  - Prenatal anticipatory guidance.
AB  - This article outlines the purpose and content of the prenatal visit. In question
      answer format, the article addresses the most frequently asked questions by the
      mother and the most relevant issues raised by the pediatrician. It is thus hoped
      that a flavor of both the process and goals of the prenatal visit will be
      conveyed.

PMID- 4017408
TI  - Group well-child care.
AB  - Well-child care can be a positive influence on parent-child relationships when
      social, psychological, and emotional health are stressed. Because of its brevity,
      the traditional well-child visit does not offer adequate opportunities to address
      these issues. A group format, in which four to six parent-infant pairs meet,
      changes the character of the child health maintenance visit. Advantages of group
      visits include increased time for patient education, more active parental
      participation, greater time for the physician to observe parents and their
      children, and more reassurance for parents that they and their children are
      normal. Problems of group visits are those of space and scheduling. Few pediatric
      offices have ideal space for group visits, so many visits take place in cramped
      quarters. Siblings can be disruptive to the group and should be excluded. A
      dedicated receptionist and an efficient nurse are essential if the groups are to
      run smoothly. Because the visits last one to one-and-one-half hours, only one
      group visit can be scheduled during a half day. Although parents of varied
      socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds benefit from group visits, this format
      appears to be most acceptable to white, middle-class families. The content of
      group visits is somewhat dependent upon parental questions and concerns; however,
      the physician must be careful to include important issues that do not usually
      arise spontaneously. These topics usually include safety, disease prevention, and
      anticipatory guidance. Although group visits may not fit every practice, the
      format does offer to both obstetricians and pediatricians some exciting
      possibilities. The increased patient-provider contact and the increased patient
      participation help establish better rapport, better educate families about
      health, and hopefully, will produce better babies.

PMID- 4017409
TI  - Perinatal coaching: program development.
AB  - Perinatal Coaching is a training/educational program introduced to new parents in
      the first days following the birth of their baby. This program provides support
      while teaching new parents skills to communicate and interact with their newborn
      following birth. The article gives an overview of the content of the Perinatal
      Coaching Program, a review of the newborn's capabilities and their relationship
      to perinatal coaching, important features of some ongoing programs, early
      identification and selection of parents, and speculation for future development.

PMID- 4017410
TI  - Enhancing the effectiveness of health education strategies.
AB  - Numerous articles have chronicled the problems that stem from patients' lack of
      compliance with health care recommendations, yet there has not been a systematic
      approach to the development of a strategy for increasing the effectiveness of
      health education programs. In this article, making use of anticipatory guidance,
      group well-child care, and injury prevention strategies, the author outlines
      several programs he has developed that can improve the effectiveness of health
      education strategies.

PMID- 4017411
TI  - Colic: excessive crying in newborns.
AB  - The pediatrician is commonly called upon to evaluate and manage the crying
      newborn. While most of these infants have colic, organic causes of crying must be
      carefully considered. The role of crying in precipitating child abuse also
      requires special vigilance on the physician's part. Colicky babies respond most
      effectively to physical contact and gentle motion. Other approaches, such as
      changing formulas or drugs, are unnecessary and potentially dangerous. Preventive
      measures for colic are addressed in steps one through four of the article "The
      Prevention of Sleep Problems" in this volume.

PMID- 4017412
TI  - The prevention of sleep problems.
AB  - The author offers guidelines that will help parents with the prevention of colic,
      trained night feeding, trained night crying, fearful night crying, bedtime temper
      tantrums, and bed-sharing. The information is presented chronologically by the
      visit at which it should be addressed.

PMID- 4017413
TI  - Twins and twin families. A practical guide to outpatient management.
AB  - Little has been written of a practical nature to guide the health professional in
      providing advice and support to families with twins in the practice setting. This
      article provides an overview of issues and concerns specific to twins and
      provides practical guidelines for caring for twins and their families.

PMID- 4017414
TI  - Metabolism of methoxyphenamine in extensive and poor metabolizers of debrisoquin.
AB  - Urine and plasma concentrations of methoxyphenamine (MP) and three of its
      metabolites were determined after a single oral 60.3 mg dose of MP hydrochloride
      to healthy subjects of known debrisoquin (D) phenotype. Urine was collected from
      five extensive (EM) and five poor (PM) metabolizers of D for 12 hours and
      analyzed after treatment with beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase. There were marked
      interphenotype differences in the total urinary excretion of O
      demethylmethoxyphenamine (ODMP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5HMP), as well as
      in MP/ODMP and MP/5HMP ratios. In contrast, the urinary output of N
      demethylmethoxyphenamine (NDMP) or MP/NDMP ratios showed no interphenotype
      differences. Plasma data from two EMs and two PMs showed that the mean values for
      maximum concentration t1/2, and total AUC for MP were two-, three-, and sixfold
      greater, respectively, in PMs than in EMs. The plasma levels of ODMP and 5HMP
      were higher in EMs than in PMs, whereas the converse was true for NDMP. Thus, O
      demethylation and aromatic 5-hydroxylation of MP are defective in PMs of D,
      resulting in increased MP and NDMP plasma levels. The form of cytochrome P-450
      involved in the N-demethylation of MP is different from that responsible for O
      demethylation and aromatic 5-hydroxylation.

PMID- 4017415
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of timentin (ticarcillin and clavulanic acid).
AB  - Ticarcillin (4 gm) and clavulanic acid (0.1 gm) were simultaneously administered
      as timentin to patients with cancer as therapy for infections. The
      pharmacokinetics of both ticarcillin and clavulanic acid were studied in 15
      patients after 30-minute and 2-hour intravenous infusions. The mean (+/- SD)
      ticarcillin plasma peak concentrations after the two infusions were 341 +/- 76
      and 210 +/- 60 micrograms/ml. The plasma terminal t1/2 values of ticarcillin were
      80 +/- 32 and 56 +/- 12 minutes. The AUCs were 631 +/- 189 and 601 +/- 230 mg/L X
      hr. The volumes of distribution of the area were 15 +/- 5 and 21 +/- 7 L and
      total clearances were 115 +/- 36 and 127 +/- 54 ml/min. The corresponding values
      for clavulanic acid after the infusions are as follows: mean peak concentrations,
      5 +/- 1 and 4 +/- 1 micrograms/ml; plasma terminal t1/2 values, 84 +/- 24 and 74
      +/- 36 minutes; AUCs, 11 +/- 3 and 11 +/- 6 mg/L X hr; volumes of distribution of
      the area, 22 +/- 3 and 32 +/- 6 L; and total clearances, 170 +/- 58 and 175 +/-
      68 ml/min.

PMID- 4017416
TI  - Isosorbide dinitrate bioavailability, kinetics, and metabolism.
AB  - We studied the kinetics of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) after a dose of 5 mg iv
      and the bioavailability of a sublingual and an oral preparation of ISDN. Plasma
      levels of isosorbide 5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN), isosorbide 2-mononitrate (IS-2-MN),
      and ISDN were determined by GLC. After intravenous and sublingual dosing, ISDN
      plasma levels declined biexponentially and could adequately be described by an
      open two-compartment body model. Distribution was rapid; the t1/2 was 4.7 minutes
      after intravenous injection and 8.7 minutes after sublingual dosing. The volume
      of distribution at steady state was 90 L. The terminal disappearance t1/2 was
      54.7 minutes after intravenous injection, 48.8 minutes after sublingual dosing,
      and 47.7 minutes after oral dosing. Total plasma clearance was 136 L/hr,
      exceeding normal liver plasma flow and indicating extrahepatic metabolism of
      ISDN. ISDN bioavailability after oral (10 mg) or sublingual dosing (10 mg) was
      similar (about 29%), indicating that the first-pass effect cannot be avoided by
      sublingual ISDN dosing. After intravenous ISDN, mononitrate plasma levels could
      be adequately described by another two-compartment body model. The terminal t1/2
      was 4.33 hours for IS-5-MN and 1.83 hours for IS-2-MN. Noncompartmental
      calculations of the mononitrate levels revealed 100% systemic availability after
      oral and sublingual ISDN. We assume that ISDN was completely absorbed from the
      gastrointestinal tract, but 70% was metabolized during the first pass through the
      liver. After 5 mg iv ISDN, 16 mumol IS-5-MN and 5.3 mumol IS-2-MN reached
      systemic circulation. The entire dose of ISDN was converted to its two
      metabolites in a ratio of 3:1 (i.e., 75% IS-5-MN and 25% IS-2-MN).

PMID- 4017418
TI  - The effects of several weeks of ethanol consumption on ethanol kinetics in normal
      men and women.
AB  - We examined in normal men and women the effects of chronic ethanol consumption
      and the coadministration of cimetidine and ranitidine on the kinetics of ethanol.
      We found that the consumption of 45 gm ethanol per day for 3 weeks increased the
      apparent volume of distribution of ethanol in men from 732 to 884 ml/kg (P less
      than 0.01) but had no such effect in women (697 ml/kg before ethanol and 746
      ml/kg after chronic ethanol consumption). This combined therapy had no effect on
      the rate of ethanol disappearance in either sex. In men the rate of disappearance
      was 165 mg/L/hr before and 168 mg/L/hr after chronic consumption, while in women
      the respective values were 209 and 203 mg/L/hr. The addition of either cimetidine
      or ranitidine had no effect on either parameter compared with values observed on
      day 22 of the study. In view of the known inhibitory effects of cimetidine on
      cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes, our data suggest that this enzyme system does
      not metabolize a significant fraction of ingested ethanol in subjects who have
      consumed moderate doses of alcohol for several weeks.

PMID- 4017417
TI  - Moxalactam epimer disposition in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The kinetics of the epimers of moxalactam (R-MOX, S-MOX) were investigated in
      patients without infections who were receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis after both intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of moxalactam. R
      MOX and S-MOX were well absorbed from the peritoneal cavity, with mean systemic
      availability of 0.71 +/- 0.18 and 0.79 +/- 0.18, respectively. After intravenous
      MOX, serum clearance was 10.2 +/- 3.4 (R-MOX) and 10.9 +/- 3.2 (S-MOX) ml/hr/kg.
      Net time-averaged peritoneal dialysis clearance of both epimers was minimal,
      about 10% of serum clearance. Serum and dialysate MOX concentrations were above
      the minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible bacteria for 24 hours after
      a 2.0 or 1.0 gm intravenous or intraperitoneal dose. Gastrointestinal side
      effects occurred after a 2.0 gm dose (both intravenous and intraperitoneal) but
      not after a 1.0 gm dose. There were no significant differences in the kinetics of
      R-MOX and S-MOX. A single 1.0 gm ip dose leads to serum and dialysate MOX
      concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for susceptible
      pathogens for 24 hours.

PMID- 4017419
TI  - Cigarette smoking as a risk for cardiovascular disease. Part VI. Compensation
      with nicotine availability as a single variable.
AB  - In a biochemical investigation of human smoking behavior with filter cigarettes
      with high draw resistance that varied only in nicotine yield, we attempted to
      determine which nicotine levels provide desired nicotine intake with a minimum of
      physiologic and biochemical consequences. Twelve prescreened subjects were
      divided into two study groups and supplied with cigarettes that varied in
      nicotine delivery. Both groups were initially monitored while smoking their usual
      cigarette. At the following visit, smokers in group 1 received incremental
      increases and smokers in group 2 received incremental decreases in nicotine
      levels in assigned cigarettes. All subjects were monitored upon first exposure,
      after 1 week of acclimatization to each experimental cigarette, and upon return
      to their usual brands. Subjects in both groups were unable to compensate fully
      for their nicotine uptake from the lowest nicotine cigarette. In subjects in
      group 1, new nicotine baselines began to develop after 1 week of acclimatization
      to cigarettes containing 0.9 and 1.3 mg nicotine. New baseline nicotine levels
      were also noted in subjects receiving decreases in nicotine (group 2) after
      smoking the cigarette containing 1.3 mg nicotine for 1 week. Carboxyhemoglobin
      concentrations did not differ from those measured after the usual-brand
      cigarettes. Plasma cotinine concentrations increased as nicotine content per
      cigarette increased, except when subjects smoked a 1.3 mg nicotine cigarette.
      Plasma thiocyanate levels did not vary in either group. Systolic and diastolic
      blood pressures were generally not different from control values.

PMID- 4017420
TI  - A study of adverse reaction algorithms in a drug surveillance program.
AB  - To improve agreement among observers, several investigators have recently
      proposed methods (algorithms) to standardize assessments of causality for
      presumed adverse drug reactions. We evaluated one such method in the context of
      an intensive pediatric drug surveillance program. Four observers rated 50
      randomly selected case reports drawn from the program, first using only general
      guidelines and then, several months later, using the strict criteria of the
      algorithm. Agreement among observers was poor in both study phases. The presence
      of selected characteristics of adverse events (e.g., major severity) did not
      improve agreement in either phase of the study. We conclude that routine use of
      such algorithms in drug surveillance programs is not likely to be of benefit.

PMID- 4017421
TI  - Losulazine, a new antihypertensive.
AB  - The efficacy of losulazine was determined in 32 patients with hypertension. Each
      subject was randomly assigned to receive either losulazine (n = 16) or placebo (n
      = 16) in a double-blind fashion. Losulazine in the dosage range of 10 to 30 mg
      b.i.d. effectively lowered the blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure was
      lowered to less than or equal to 90 mm Hg in over 70% of the subjects receiving
      losulazine. There was no evidence of an increase in heart rate; to the contrary,
      there was a tendency for heart rate to decrease. Six subjects dropped out of the
      study before completion. Four of these were receiving placebo and dropped out
      because of lack of efficacy. One subject receiving losulazine dropped out for
      personal reasons during the first week of the study, and the other subject (also
      taking losulazine) dropped out when a drug-related pruritus (itchy eyes)
      developed. This event was readily reversed upon discontinuation of the drug. The
      drug was well tolerated and side effects were minimal, with no evidence of
      orthostatic effects or sexual dysfunction. There was a suggestion that nasal
      stuffiness and conjunctival congestion may be drug related. There were no changes
      in any laboratory values or body weight.

PMID- 4017422
TI  - Felodipine kinetics in healthy men.
AB  - In a randomized, crossover study, the absorption, distribution, and elimination
      of intravenous and oral felodipine were investigated in eight healthy men 22 to
      31 years old. Felodipine was given as a 2.5 mg iv infusion over 30 minutes and as
      a 27.5 mg oral solution. Both doses were labeled with 25 microCi 14C-felodipine.
      Given as an oral solution, felodipine is rapidly (mean time to peak concentration
      64 minutes; range 30 to 90 minutes) and completely absorbed. Presystemic
      elimination reduced the availability to 16% (range 10% to 25%). Felodipine
      kinetics can be described by a multicompartmental model with three distinct
      phases. The t1/2 for the initial phase was 6.4 minutes (range 1.7 to 10.4
      minutes) and felodipine was distributed to a volume of 0.6 L/kg (range 0.4 to 0.9
      L/kg), which approximately corresponds to the total body water. The second
      distribution phase reached pseudoequilibrium with a t1/2 of 1.6 hours (range 1.3
      to 2.2 hours). The volume of distribution at the end of this phase was 9.7 L/kg
      (range 6.0 to 18.2 L/kg). The terminal phase had t1/2 of 10.2 hours (range 6.7 to
      20.7 hours). The contribution of the three phases to the AUC was 15%, 40%, and
      45% in the order of increased t1/2. Total body clearance of felodipine was 1.2
      L/min (range 0.9 to 1.6 L/min). Within 72 hours after drug dosing, 62% to 81% of
      the felodipine doses were excreted in the urine and feces as metabolites. The
      rate of excretion by the kidneys had a biphasic pattern, with t1/2 values of 4
      and 18 hours. Approximately 10% of the doses was excreted in the feces.

PMID- 4017423
TI  - Effects of age and disease on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of
      sulindac.
AB  - The disposition and effect on hemostasis of a single 150 mg dose of sulindac was
      studied in young healthy subjects and in older patients with arthritis. Older
      patients were restudied after 2 weeks of sulindac, 150 mg b.i.d. The only
      difference in disposition of the first dose was a reduced plasma sulfone
      metabolite concentration in the elderly patients with arthritis. Chronic sulindac
      dosing resulted in accumulation of the drug and its sulfone and sulfide
      metabolites in plasma to a greater extent than previously reported for young
      subjects. No differences in renal clearance of sulindac and its sulfone
      metabolite related to age or chronic drug dosing were observed. No renal
      excretion of the active sulfide metabolite was detected. Bleeding time in the
      elderly patients was shorter than in the young healthy subjects before sulindac
      dosing, but was prolonged in the elderly patients after 2 weeks of dosing to
      values similar to control data from the young healthy subjects. This change
      correlated weakly with plasma sulfide metabolite concentrations. Differences in
      bleeding time were not reflected in changes in platelet aggregation induced by
      adenosine diphosphate either with respect to age or chronic drug dosing. Our data
      provide no justification for lowering the recommended dose of sulindac for
      patients older than 65 years of age.

PMID- 4017424
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in diabetic patients.
AB  - Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme profiles in human platelets and the sera of
      patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus and vascular complications, as well
      as normal subjects were measured utilizing a recently established, modified
      micromethod. LDH-3 was the predominating species in platelets (37.5 +/- 3.0%),
      with LDH-2, 1, 4 and 5 following in decreasing order of concentration. The LDH
      3/LDH-4 ratio in platelets varied from 6.2 to 1.38. Type I and type II diabetic
      patients with vascular complications showed a significantly higher ratio for LDH
      3/LDH-4 (3.99 +/- 1.20 for DM I, 2.16 +/- 0.25 for DM II patients) than the mean
      ratio for normal subjects (1.14 +/- 0.08). This platelet-specific LDH isoenzyme
      pattern may be the result of frequent in vivo platelet-vessel wall interactions
      in the diabetic patients whose platelets are known to be hyperaggregable in in
      vitro test systems. Since non-diabetic patients patients with vascular
      complications also displayed a similarly elevated LDH-3/LDH-4 ratio, a wider
      classification is preferable, although the measurement of the LDH isoenzyme
      pattern will be helpful in assessing diabetic vascular complications.

PMID- 4017425
TI  - Influence of extrapancreatic digestive disorders on the indirect pancreatic
      function test with fluorescein dilaurate.
AB  - The detection rate of pancreatic disease using the indirect pancreatic function
      test with orally administered substrate fluorescein dilaurate (FDL) was evaluated
      in 290 patients. The sensitivity of the test was 84% in chronic pancreatitis (99
      patients). Results were abnormal in all 5 patients with advanced pancreatic
      cancer and in 3 of 19 patients tested after a single episode of acute
      pancreatitis. The specificity of the FDL test was 89% when healthy subjects or
      patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders served as controls. However,
      it dropped to 62% when all patients with different organic gastrointestinal
      disorders were considered. This decrease could be attributed to patients with
      subtotal gastric resection and extensive small bowel disease, who were found to
      have the highest of pathological FDL test results, i.e., 70 and 35%,
      respectively. Not restricting the oral FDL test to the detection of primary
      pancreatic disease, in subtotal gastrectomy and extensive small bowel disease
      this test provides the opportunity to detect secondary pancreatic dysfunction.

PMID- 4017426
TI  - Comparison of radio-labeled DNA probe with a nonisotopic probe for assay of serum
      hepatitis B virus DNA.
AB  - A biotin-labeled DNA probe was compared to a 32P radio-labeled DNA probe for the
      detection of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. Serum specimens were treated with
      proteolytic enzyme and detergent. DNA was extracted using phenol, denatured in
      sodium hydroxide and applied to a nitrocellulose filter paper using a vacuum
      filter device. The nitrocellulose filters were then incubated with either the
      biotin-labeled or the radio-labeled probe. Annealing of the probe, indicating the
      presence of HBV-DNA in the sample, was detected either by autoradiography for the
      32P-labeled probe or by measuring the presence of an acid phosphatase attached to
      a streptavidin molecule for the biotin-labeled probe. Using the same 2-day time
      to complete the assays, excellent correlation of the qualitative and
      semiquantitative measurements were obtained using 20 HBsAg-positive and 9 HBsAg
      negative sera. The nonisotopic assay detected 1.0 pg of HBV-DNA, a sensitivity
      comparable to reported sensitivities of 32P-labeled HBV-DNA probes when similar
      assay times are used. 0.02 pg/microliter of HBV-DNA was detected in a normal
      serum to which HBV-DNA in a recombinant plasmid was added. Our results indicate
      that the biotin-labeled HBV-DNA probe is approximately as sensitive as the radio
      labeled probe for the detection of HBV-DNA using a similar assay time. Isotopic
      probe assays are more sensitive with longer assay times. The biotin-labeled probe
      offers the advantage of a longer shelf life and a nonisotopic assay procedure.

PMID- 4017427
TI  - Symposium on head and neck surgery.

PMID- 4017428
TI  - The viscerovertebral angle. The surgical avenue of the neck.
AB  - The viscerovertebral angle represents the evolution of thoughts assimilated from
      personal surgical experience and technique in the cervical area. It is a means
      whereby the surgeon may approach the operative challenge with ease, whether it
      involves singly or collectively the myovertebral pillar, the great neurovascular
      conduit, or the cervical visceral column from the level of the skull base well
      into the thorax to the innominate level. Thus, the surgeon is able to operate in
      a logical progression from the known to the unknown, comfortably and confidently
      in a predictable, reproducible manner.

PMID- 4017429
TI  - Surgery of the parotid gland and the viscerovertebral angle.
AB  - The use of consistent anatomic landmarks and the mobilization of the
      viscerovertebral angle facilitate localization of the facial nerve. This
      straightforward approach to surgery of the parotid gland provides a reproducible
      methodology for the preservation of the seventh cranial nerve.

PMID- 4017430
TI  - Endoscopic evaluation of the patient with head and neck cancer.
AB  - Endoscopic evaluation of the patient with head and neck cancer is important in
      the precise diagnosis and staging of the disease, as well as in ruling out
      synchronous disease. Various types of instruments and techniques may be employed
      in this evaluation. Endoscopic surgery for malignant disease may play a role in
      the treatment of selected lesions.

PMID- 4017431
TI  - Craniofacial approach to tumors of the head and neck.
AB  - The type of surgery described in this article is safe and effective when
      performed by an experienced team of plastic surgeons and neurosurgeons. In a very
      extensive series of patients with tumors of the cranial base, there has been only
      one surgical death. It occurred the day after surgery and was thought to have
      resulted from an error in administering anesthesia. Reconstruction is limited in
      patients with malignant disease, especially when the tumor is recurrent after
      radiation therapy. It is better to delay and not hide any area of potential
      recurrence. Reconstruction can be performed at 12 to 18 months. In nonmalignant
      tumors, total reconstruction is performed. Extensive surgery can be carried out
      with a good chance of cure. Initial rehabilitation is with a prosthesis, but
      later reconstruction will give an acceptable result. Thus, both surgeon and
      patient may embark on this hazardous course with a much greater degree of
      security and equanimity.

PMID- 4017432
TI  - Cancer surgery of the skull base.
AB  - Squamous-cell carcinomas are the most common type of malignant tumors arising in
      the region of the tonsils and palatine arch. This article describes surgical
      resection of such tumors with extension to the nasopharynx. The author's
      experience with over 40 patients confirms the safety of the procedure.

PMID- 4017433
TI  - Biogeometry. The logic in the process of selection, siting, design, construction,
      and transfer of flaps.
AB  - As knowledge of the basic sciences of anatomy and physiology increases and as
      clinical skills are enhanced by biotechnical advances, once-held perceptions of
      concepts and interpretations of principles are modified. The observation of these
      truths inspired this writing and will no doubt culminate at another time in a
      revision of biogeometry.

PMID- 4017434
TI  - Melanoma of the head and neck.
AB  - Cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck accounts for approximately 20 per cent of
      all melanomas. Variation in the incidence of melanoma by sex and by subsites
      within the head and neck is related to exposure to sunlight. Study of the
      precursor skin lesions of individuals and families at high risk for melanoma are
      providing new insights into the biology of melanoma. The clinical importance of
      such information is earlier diagnosis and treatment. With microstaging techniques
      it has become apparent that in many instances the primary tumor can be excised
      safely with narrower margins than were thought necessary in the past. The role of
      elective lymph-node dissection remains controversial, but when it is performed a
      complete dissection is recommended. Improvement in adjunctive methods of
      treatment is needed, but significant palliation can be achieved, with occasional
      long-term survival.

PMID- 4017436
TI  - [Indications for nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in tumors of the facial
      skeleton and neck area].
AB  - The diagnostic value of magnetic resonance tomography is examined in relation to
      computed tomography on the basis of 32 patients subjected to magnetic resonance
      tomography who had pathological processes in the craniofacial, parapharyngeal and
      neck regions. The high power of contrast resolution, multiplanar imaging, and
      good circumscription of cervical vessels, offer advantages over computed
      tomography in respect of space-occupying growths in the median and lower parts of
      the craniofacial skull. A disadvantage is the poorer detectability of tumour
      conditioned bone destruction at the base of the skull and at the facial bones; in
      such cases, computed tomography remains the method of choice.

PMID- 4017435
TI  - Surgical management of recurrent or advanced squamous-cell cancer of the head and
      neck.
AB  - This article deals with the management of recurrent or advanced squamous-cell
      cancer of the head and neck and the surgical variations of management for cure
      and palliation. Patient reports are included in the discussion.

PMID- 4017437
TI  - [The craniocervical transitional area: a diagnostic problem].
AB  - The case histories of six patients with spinal C1/C2 region lesions are
      presented. All cases were misinterpreted by clinical features and radiological
      findings over a long period. Radiological evaluation documents the significant
      improvement in diagnosis by supplementary use of computer assisted myelography.

PMID- 4017438
TI  - [Radiation exposure of the lens during CT of the orbital area].
AB  - The exposure of the lens to irradiation in CT examination of the orbita was
      determined in a total of 80 patients via thermoluminescence dosimetry. Depending
      on a wide variety of parameters, exposures between 6.5 and 75 mGy were found with
      a mean of 28 mGy. By analysing the influence values thickness of layer and mAs
      product, suggestions for optimising orbita CT examinations are evolved.

PMID- 4017439
TI  - [ROC (receiver operating characteristic) study for the recognition of liver
      lesions on the computer tomogram].
AB  - ROC examination was based on patient computer tomograms, in which lesions of the
      liver were simulated by image manipulation. The window width for optimal
      recognition of the lesions was found to be 128 Hounsfield units (HU). Evaluation
      of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) by diameters and contrasts of the
      lesions yielded a contrast detail diagram largely reflecting conditions in
      clinical practice. The detectability--measured via the smallest visible diameter
      of the lesions--is inferior by the factor 3 to 60 to the results obtained with
      hole pattern phantoms. For example, in computer tomograms lesions of the liver of
      24 mm and 4 HU or also 11 mm and 10 HU yield 70% true positive and 10% false
      positive findings.

PMID- 4017440
TI  - [Transhepatic course of the portal vein with a subcapsular branching].
AB  - In a patient, investigated for uterine carcinoma, CT of the liver showed an
      anomalous course of a large portal vein, which traversed the liver and divided
      under the ventrolateral liver capsule in its branches. There were no signs of
      portal hypertension.

PMID- 4017441
TI  - [Normal findings and pathological changes of the patellar ligament in the
      computer tomogram].
AB  - In the computer tomogram, the normal patellar ligament appears as a flat band
      with an average density of 110 HE. After trauma and also after chronic
      overloading, the cross-section increases, whereas the density decreases. CT is
      superior to conventional x-ray diagnosis and to sonography in respect of
      detecting and differentiating of circumscript changes in the patellar ligament.

PMID- 4017442
TI  - Applied potential tomography: possible clinical applications.
AB  - Applied potential tomography (APT) or electrical impedance imaging has received
      considerable attention during the past few years and some in vivo images have
      been produced. This paper reviews the current situation in terms of what in vivo
      results have been and are likely to be obtained in the near future. Both static
      and dynamic imaging are possible and these two areas are dealt with separately.
      Features of the existing in vivo imaging system are good tissue contrast, high
      speed data collection, good sensitivity to resistivity changes, low spatial
      resolution, low cost and no known hazard. It is concluded that the most promising
      way forward to clinical application in the short term is to use dynamic as
      opposed to static imaging. An example of lung imaging is shown and the
      application to measuring regional ventilation and pulmonary oedema is discussed.
      Use of APT for the detection of intraventricular bleeding in neonates is
      discussed as is the proven ability to study gastric physiology by imaging
      resistivity distribution changes following the ingestion of conducting or
      insulating fluids. Other areas of possible application which are considered are
      blood flow measurement, cell counting, measurement of lean-fat ratios and the
      detection of soft tissue lesions.

PMID- 4017443
TI  - Heart sound propagation in the human thorax.
AB  - Simultaneous quantitative recordings of pressure in the aorta near a prosthetic
      valve and at two locations externally on the chest provide data on certain
      aspects of sound propagation in the human thorax. On the basis of the different
      speeds of propagation, it is possible to distinguish between the longitudinal and
      transverse vibrations contributing to the external phonocardiographic signal.
      Digital signal processing was employed to derive transfer functions, correlations
      and power spectra.

PMID- 4017444
TI  - The effect of the transcutaneous electrode on the variability of dermal oxygen
      tension changes.
AB  - Transcutaneous oxygen measurements (TCPO2) are being used increasingly for the
      assessment of tissue viability in the ischaemic limb. The major objective with
      such a technique is to determine the critical level of TCPO2 which defines the
      boundary between skin viability and non-viability. To be able to do this, an
      assumption is made that measurements from different centres using various TCPO2
      sensors are comparable. This study shows that static and dynamic changes of TCPO2
      (air to oxygen breathing) made with two commercially available instruments are
      not directly comparable. We suggest that the physical characteristics of present
      TCPO2 electrodes are not optimal for measurements on adult skin. TCPO2
      measurements made in conditions of skin ischaemia should be interpreted with
      caution because the ratio of local oxygen demand to blood flow is such that the
      measurement may be underestimated by TCPO2 electrodes with a high oxygen
      consumption.

PMID- 4017445
TI  - An inexpensive portable monitor for measuring evaporative water loss.
AB  - The measurement of evaporative water loss from the skin, using a ventilated
      chamber, usually requires two high-accuracy devices for the measurement of the
      inflow and outflow relative humidity. The water-loss rate is proportional to the
      difference between the inflow and outflow relative humidity, and a sensor with
      low absolute accuracy can be used if the same sensor measures both relative
      humidities. The system described uses an inexpensive sensor to measure the water
      loss rate with an accuracy of 10%.

PMID- 4017446
TI  - Effects of time-varying magnetic fields on fibroblast growth.
AB  - L929 mouse fibroblasts were exposed to sinusoidally varying magnetic fields.
      Compared with controls the exposed cells showed differences in morphology,
      clustering and orientation with respect to the magnetic fields and an increased
      mitotic rate. These effects are time dependent, but occurred at frequencies of 10
      and 27 MHz.

PMID- 4017447
TI  - The influence of measurement precision on medical findings.
AB  - Medical researchers, epidemiologists and clinicians are all concerned with the
      observed incidence rates of various diseases and diagnostic findings. Such
      findings are necessarily based on imprecise procedures and instrumentation. The
      present study describes the theoretical extent to which the precision of
      instruments and procedures contributes to reported distribution curves and
      incidence rates of diagnostic findings. A numerical method is described for
      separating underlying distribution curves from the observed distribution curves
      which are distorted by measurement error. The method is illustrated by two
      examples: blood pressure measurements and QRS axis distributions in the ECG.

PMID- 4017448
TI  - [Treatment of ureteral colic with sodium diclofenac].

PMID- 4017449
TI  - [Combined esophageal and gastric pH measurement in the study of gastroesophageal
      reflux disease].

PMID- 4017450
TI  - [Clinico-therapeutic evaluation of the efficacy of lysozyme in the prevention and
      treatment of chronic recurrent bronchopulmonary disorders].

PMID- 4017451
TI  - [The use of nifedipine in the treatment of hypertensive crises in patients with
      chronic uremia undergoing periodic hemodialysis].

PMID- 4017452
TI  - [Piperacillin combined with gentamicin in the treatment of bacterial meningitis
      in children].

PMID- 4017453
TI  - [The responsibility of the dental surgeon in anesthesia].

PMID- 4017454
TI  - [A hypokalemic normotensive variant of the syndrome caused by nasal spray
      containing 9-alpha-fluoroprednisolone].

PMID- 4017455
TI  - [Experience with immunosuppressive therapy of active chronic hepatitis using long
      term multiple corticoids].

PMID- 4017456
TI  - [Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of fosfomycin lozenges in the prevention of
      complications in surgical interventions in odontostomatology].

PMID- 4017457
TI  - [Double-blind evaluation of the antidyslipidemic effect of a combined
      phosphorylcholine and pantetheine product].

PMID- 4017458
TI  - [Severe hypokalemic episode induced by abuse of fluoro-prednisolone acetate
      administered nasally and the simultaneous oral consumption of indapamide].

PMID- 4017459
TI  - [Development of protected risk in pensionable disability in relation to new
      legislative reform].

PMID- 4017460
TI  - [Syncope. Review of 510 cases].

PMID- 4017461
TI  - [Clinical experimentation on the analgesic activity of zidometacin in
      odontostomatology].

PMID- 4017462
TI  - [Double-blind trial on the trophic and anti-atherosclerotic preventive efficacy
      of a phosphorylcholine-pantetheine combination].

PMID- 4017463
TI  - [Nifedipine drops in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies].

PMID- 4017464
TI  - [Hemorrhoid syndrome in the aged. A particular pharmacotherapeutic approach].

PMID- 4017465
TI  - [Toxicologic aspects of ethanol abuse].

PMID- 4017466
TI  - [Effect of nifedipine on peripheral blood flow in patients with atherosclerotic
      arterial disease of the lower limbs. A controlled study].

PMID- 4017467
TI  - [Clobetasone butyrate, a topical steroid in geriatrics].

PMID- 4017468
TI  - [The significance of sulodexide in the prevention of obliterative atherosclerotic
      arterial disease of the lower limbs].

PMID- 4017469
TI  - [Diacetylrhein in the treatment of degenerative arthropathies].

PMID- 4017470
TI  - [Antihypertensive effect of long-term oral therapy with verapamil in elderly
      patients].

PMID- 4017471
TI  - [Calcium antagonists in the therapy of cerebrovascular diseases].

PMID- 4017472
TI  - [Atherosclerosis and diabetes].

PMID- 4017473
TI  - [Frontobasal lesions with cerebrospinal fluid fistulae: neurosurgical treatment].

PMID- 4017474
TI  - [Effects of atenolol and an atenolol-chlorthalidone combination on blood pressure
      values in hypertensive patients].

PMID- 4017475
TI  - [Use of ciclonicate in the treatment of obliterative arteriopathies of the lower
      limbs].

PMID- 4017476
TI  - [Alcoholism in the prison environment: a clinical approach].

PMID- 4017477
TI  - [Hospital experiments with gentamicin administered by a simplified dosage
      schedule for children].

PMID- 4017478
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in its acute phase. Recent therapeutic acquisitions].

PMID- 4017479
TI  - [The so-called multiple leiomyomatous hamartoma of the lung].

PMID- 4017480
TI  - [Cardiac decompensation. Notes on diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 4017481
TI  - [Measured nutrition in the aged].

PMID- 4017482
TI  - [Behavior of several hormonal and nonhormonal parameters in obesity. 1. Blood
      prolactin].

PMID- 4017483
TI  - [Evaluation of the use of oral cefatrizine in the treatment of acute bacterial
      infections of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 4017484
TI  - [Mushroom poisoning. New diagnostic and therapeutic trends. Our experience].

PMID- 4017485
TI  - [Hepatotoxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs].

PMID- 4017486
TI  - [Intestinal ecosystem of children living in communities].

PMID- 4017487
TI  - [Pathogenesis and evaluation of childhood hypoacusis].

PMID- 4017488
TI  - [Maxillary localization of Ewing's sarcoma. Description of a case in a 5-year-old
      child].

PMID- 4017489
TI  - [Sugar and dental caries].

PMID- 4017490
TI  - [Therapy of arterial hypertension with a delayed-action clonidine and
      chlorthalidone combination].

PMID- 4017491
TI  - [Clinical findings and test results in a group of patients with headaches treated
      with amitriptyline as compared with perphenazine].

PMID- 4017492
TI  - [Efficacy and tolerance of dexindoprofen compared with diclofenac sodium in the
      treatment of osteoarthrosis patients].

PMID- 4017493
TI  - [Current trends in the diagnosis and prevention of hypoacusis in children].

PMID- 4017494
TI  - [Erythema nodosum in Giardia lamblia infestation].

PMID- 4017495
TI  - [Contrast radiography: let's make it double-contrast].

PMID- 4017496
TI  - [Chronic liver disease in rheumatoid arthritis: complication or association?].

PMID- 4017497
TI  - [Behavior of several hormonal and nonhormonal parameters in obesity. II. Thyroid
      hormones (free T3, free T4, rT3)].

PMID- 4017499
TI  - [Use of hypothalamic phospholipid liposomes in patients with irritable bowel
      syndrome].

PMID- 4017498
TI  - [Effects of nadolol in hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 4017500
TI  - [Fosfomycin: analysis of the antibiotic and its effects in odontostomatologic
      diseases].

PMID- 4017501
TI  - [Behavior of several hormonal and nonhormonal parameters in obesity. 3. Lipid
      pattern and obesity].

PMID- 4017502
TI  - [Noninvasive therapy of urinary lithiasis].

PMID- 4017503
TI  - [Phoniatric and prosthetic treatment of hypoacusis in children].

PMID- 4017504
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of microsurgery in patients with meningioma of the
      sellar region].

PMID- 4017505
TI  - [Sinus arrest caused by clonidine during treatment of chronic opiate poisoning].

PMID- 4017506
TI  - [Combination of thiazide diuretics and prostaglandins inhibitors in the treatment
      of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 4017507
TI  - [Behavior of various hormone and non-hormone parameters in obese subjects. IV.
      Obesity therapy].

PMID- 4017508
TI  - [Josamycin in the treatment of infections of interest in childhood
      otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 4017509
TI  - [Drug therapy in auricular pathology].

PMID- 4017510
TI  - [Sugar: a biologically pure and necessary energy source (from a conversation with
      Prof. Elio Polli. Interview by Francesco Tarentini Trojani].

PMID- 4017511
TI  - Packaged commercial bacterial identification systems.
AB  - The authors attempt to provide a useful and current guide for clinical
      microbiologists who are seeking a review of the available packaged commercial
      systems for bacterial identification. Each system is outlined according to test
      principle, laboratory procedures, turn-around time, and limitations. Selected
      peer evaluations and references for many of the systems are also cited.

PMID- 4017512
TI  - Anaerobic identification systems.
AB  - Commercially produced prepackaged "kit" microsystems were evaluated for the
      identification of anaerobes. The API 20A and Minitek Anaerobe II systems by
      themselves were inadequate; even with the use of supplemental tests, agreement of
      identifications with a conventional method was only fair. AnIdent is a new and
      radically different system that provides accurate identifications after only 4
      hours' incubation in room air without the need for a significant number of
      supplemental tests.

PMID- 4017513
TI  - The psychological status of overgenerated sentences.

PMID- 4017514
TI  - Levels of processing and vocabulary types: evidence from on-line comprehension in
      normals and agrammatics.

PMID- 4017515
TI  - Semantic restrictions on children's passives.

PMID- 4017516
TI  - The psychological relevance of transformational grammar: a reply to Stabler.

PMID- 4017517
TI  - "Gavagai!" or the future history of the animal language controversy.

PMID- 4017518
TI  - Headed records: a model for memory and its failures.

PMID- 4017519
TI  - The development of grammars underlying children's interpretation of complex
      sentences.

PMID- 4017520
TI  - People's knowledge about images.

PMID- 4017521
TI  - Metre and rhythm in piano playing.

PMID- 4017522
TI  - Rationality, memory and the search for counterexamples.

PMID- 4017523
TI  - Nasal polyps, bronchial asthma, and aspirin sensitivity: the Samter syndrome.

PMID- 4017524
TI  - The immunopathogenesis and clinical management of food hypersensitivity.

PMID- 4017525
TI  - Office diagnostic methods for allergic diseases.
AB  - The practice of allergy has been revolutionized in the past 20 years and has
      undergone a welcome transformation from an arcane art to an immunology-based
      clinical science. (It is hoped that the best features of the art will be
      retained, however.) An understanding of allergy diagnosis should provide the
      requisite information for the primary care physician to choose an allergy
      consultant wisely, and to understand the scientific basis of his methods and
      recommendations.

PMID- 4017526
TI  - Urticaria and angioedema: new insights and new entities.

PMID- 4017527
TI  - Weighting of populations for their mortality experience.

PMID- 4017528
TI  - A regional manpower plan for community medicine.

PMID- 4017529
TI  - Microcomputers and the work of a medical officer for environmental health at
      district.

PMID- 4017530
TI  - Towards readability and style.

PMID- 4017531
TI  - The symptomless salmonella excretor working in the food industry.

PMID- 4017532
TI  - An approach to health promotion in one region.

PMID- 4017533
TI  - Immunization as depicted by the British national press.

PMID- 4017534
TI  - Adverse reactions in adolescents to reinforcing doses of plain and adsorbed
      tetanus vaccines.

PMID- 4017535
TI  - Comparison of glycogen stores in 3- and 7-month-old lean and obese Zucker rats
      under fed and fasted conditions.
AB  - Glycogen content (mg/g) and stores (mg) were determined in 3- and 7-month-old
      obese and lean Zucker rats, under fed and fasted (48 hr) conditions. Hepatic
      content was higher in fed obese than in lean rats (3 months: 90 vs 70; 7 months:
      107 vs 74); it was exhausted after fasting in lean but decreased by 56% in obese
      rats. Muscle content in fed obese and lean animals did not differ; it decreased
      comparably after fasting. Myocardial content was higher in fed obese than lean
      rats (3 months: 7.2 vs 3.6; 7 months: 7.5 vs 6.3); it was enhanced with fasting
      (10.0 vs 7.5). Total glycogen stores were higher in obese than in lean animals (3
      months: 2500 vs 1400; 7 months: 4000 vs 2000) because of the hepatic store. The
      discussion includes a comparison with available data, taking into account
      methodological aspects, lipid stores and the FFA/carbohydrate interrelationship.

PMID- 4017536
TI  - Connective tissue metabolism in muscular dystrophy. Amino acid composition of
      native types I, III, IV and V collagen isolated from the gastrocnemius muscle of
      embryonic chickens with genetic muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The amino acid composition data on types I, III, IV and V collagen isolated from
      embryonic dystrophic skeletal muscle strongly indicate that alterations in
      collagen synthesis occur in intramuscular connective tissue of developing muscles
      in embryonic dystrophic chickens. The changes observed in the amino acid
      composition of dystrophic collagen were: (a) a selective removal of polar amino
      acids and substitution with non-polar amino acids; (b) significant decreases in
      basic (lysine, hydroxylysine and arginine) and hydroxylated (4-hydroxyproline and
      hydroxylysine) amino acids; and (c) significant increases in the amounts of
      glycine, proline and alanine. The amino acid substitutions suggest a genetic
      alteration in the collagen synthesizing process and a change in its structure.
      The variations in amino acid composition of collagen from dystrophic chickens
      could give rise to a decrease in both inter- and intramolecular cross-linking,
      thus decreasing the stability and functionality of newly formed collagen fibrils.
      The differences associated with the dystrophic collagen reported in this study
      are probably due to the differences in primary structure in terms of amino acid
      sequence rather than post-translational modifications. The structural differences
      noted would also lead to an alteration of the role collagen plays in regulating
      the differentiation of developing muscles. The changes in amino acid structure
      strongly suggest that the 'collagen' formed by dystrophic chickens should be
      considered a collagen-like protein or 'collagenoid'.

PMID- 4017537
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a homogeneous acid phosphatase from catfish
      liver.
AB  - A homogeneous, tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatase (AcPase) was obtained from
      the liver of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) by the use of Affi Gel-10
      coupled aminohexyltartramic acid affinity chromatography. The enzyme has a
      molecular weight of 82,500 and is a dimer consisting of two apparently equivalent
      subunits with subunit weights of 35,000 +/- 3000. Amino acid composition data are
      presented and compared with those of mammalian acid phosphatases. Data suggest
      that the enzyme is a metalloacid phosphatase. Catfish liver AcPase exhibits two
      molecular forms with pI 5.66 and 5.37 which were separated by chromatofocusing. A
      spontaneous conversion of the less acidic form to a more acidic form was observed
      and this conversion was accompanied by a decreased sensitivity towards tartrate
      inhibition.

PMID- 4017538
TI  - Synthesis of heat shock proteins in quail red blood cells following brief,
      physiologically relevant increases in whole body temperature.
AB  - Cultured RBCs from quail respond to thermal stress (heat shock) by a rapid and
      dramatic change in gene expression. This change in gene expression includes the
      new and/or enhanced non-coordinate synthesis of a small group of heat shock
      polypeptides (HSPs) having molecular masses of 90,000, 70,000 and 26,000. RBCs
      obtained from hyperthermic quail exhibit a change in gene expression similar to
      that observed in RBCs heat-shocked in vitro. Since in vitro studies have linked
      the synthesis of HSPs in heat-stressed cells with thermotolerance, the similar
      change in gene expression in RBCs from hyperthermic quail suggests that, here
      too, this cellular response may be an important homeostatic mechanism by which
      avian RBCs cope with and/or survive hyperthermic conditions.

PMID- 4017539
TI  - Changes in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids from turbot (Scophthalmus
      maximus) in relation to dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiencies.
AB  - Young turbot (1-20 g) were maintained for not less than 14 weeks on three diets:
      (1) a control diet containing normal amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids
      (PUFA); (2) a diet totally deficient in PUFA; (3) a diet deficient in the (n-6)
      series of PUFA but containing (n-3) PUFA. At 14 weeks the fatty acid compositions
      of the phospholipids from liver, gut, gills and muscle were analysed. Large
      changes in the amounts of PUFA in the phospholipids were found. Fish maintained
      on the totally PUFA deficient diet 2 had retained arachidonic acid, 20:4(n-6),
      and docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6(n-3), at the expense of eicosapentaenoic acid,
      20:5(n-3). Fish maintained on the (n-6) PUFA-deficient diet (3) contained
      decreased amounts of 20:4(n-6) and 22:6(n-3) while retaining 20:5(n-3). In all
      cases phosphatidylinositol had the lowest n-3/n-6 ratios. These results are
      discussed in terms of PUFA function.

PMID- 4017540
TI  - Bisalbuminemia in an amphibian.
AB  - Improved electrophoretic resolution revealed two albumin-like proteins in Taricha
      granulosa plasma (bisalbuminemia). The Taricha proteins were compared to
      mammalian, avian and reptilian serum albumins regarding molecular weight, amino
      acid composition, isoelectric character, solubility and the binding of hemin and
      dyes. The results indicate that although the two Taricha proteins have
      demonstrated hemoglobin-binding ability, they possess traits that characterize
      them to be true serum albumins.

PMID- 4017541
TI  - Isolation and characterization of nerve growth factor from Vipera lebetina
      (snake) venom.
AB  - Nerve growth factor from Vipera lebetina venom was purified by gel filtration and
      ion exchange chromatography steps. The NGF preparation obtained is a glycoprotein
      with weak arginine esterase activity. It hydrolyzes benzoylarginine ethyl ester
      (BAEE). Vipera lebetina NGF consists of multiple forms of protein with pI in the
      interval 9-10.5. All isoforms have identical molecular weights of 32,500.

PMID- 4017542
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of soluble proteins and esterase, superoxide dismutase
      and acid phosphatase isoenzymes of members of the protozoan family
      trichomonadidae.
AB  - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to compare the proteins and
      isoenzymes of esterase, superoxide dismutase, and acid phosphatase in soluble,
      whole-cell extracts of four strains of Trichomonas vaginalis, two strains of
      Trichomonas gallinae, and one strain each of Tritrichomonas foetus,
      Tritrichomonas augusta, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, and Pentatrichomonas
      hominis. Intraspecific, interspecific, and intergeneric differences were found in
      protein and isoenzyme profiles. At least four to seven isoenzymes were detected
      among the ten strains for each of the three enzymes studied. Each strain usually
      contained one or two isoenzymes of both esterase and acid phosphatase, and two or
      three isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase.

PMID- 4017543
TI  - Analysis of lipids by gas-liquid chromatography and complementary methods in four
      strains of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
AB  - Fatty acid composition of total lipids, neutral lipids and phospholipids of
      strains of Aedes aegypti were determined. The fatty acid composition of the
      strains differed quantitatively with regard to the relative percentage of
      commonly occurring fatty acids. Gas-liquid chromatography of fatty acid methyl
      esters showed 18:1 (oleic or elaidic) to be the predominant fatty acid. The fatty
      acid was identified as oleic by argentation thin-layer chromatography. A modified
      colorimetric method was used to determine tissue-free fatty acids. The lipids
      were predominantly triacylglycerol with lesser amounts of free fatty acids and
      decreasing amount of sterol ester, sterol, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol and
      hydrocarbons. The data show considerable lipid differences between the Caribbean
      strains (Les Cayes, Haiti, and San Juan, Puerto Rico) and the Jakarta (Indonesia)
      strain. The Shimba Hills (Kenya) strain was more similar to Jakarta than to the
      Caribbean strains. The results obtained with the different strains are discussed
      in relation to the established oral susceptibility to Dengue 1 and Dengue 2,
      yellow fever, and genetic analysis by isoenzyme studies.

PMID- 4017544
TI  - Schistosoma haematobium: neutral lipid composition and release by adults
      maintained in vitro.
AB  - Thin-layer chromatographic analyses showed that the major neutral lipid fractions
      of whole-worm extracts of male and female adult Schistosoma haematobium were free
      sterols, triacylglycerols and sterol esters. Worm-free incubates of adult worm
      pairs contained free sterols only. The major fractions of worm-free incubates
      from separated worms were free fatty acids and free sterols; traces of
      triacylglycerols and sterol esters were also detected. Females incubated in a
      group of ten released more free fatty acids than ten incubated singly. Males
      incubated singly released more free sterols than a similar number incubated in a
      group. Females released more free sterols than males.

PMID- 4017545
TI  - Synthesis of chain elongated-desaturated fatty acids from palmitic acid by liver
      and brain microsomes during the development of the pig.
AB  - Rates of chain elongation-desaturation of C16:0 were compared for liver and brain
      microsomes in fetal, neonatal and postnatal piglets. Rates of chain elongation of
      C16:0 were greatest in liver in the postnatal period. For all developmental
      periods examined, the amount of chain elongated fatty acid of C20 or greater
      chain length exceeded the amount of C18 precursors synthesized from C16:0. These
      observations suggest that chain elongation of fatty acids occurs during the
      latter part of gestation at rates equivalent to that observed in the early
      postnatal period.

PMID- 4017546
TI  - In vitro 16 alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone by testes of crab-eating monkey
      (Macaca irus): a characteristic of primates?
AB  - Radioactive 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was obtained as one of the major
      metabolites of [14C]pregnenolone and progesterone by testicular homogenates of an
      adult crab-eating monkey (Macaca irus). 16 alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone
      occurred by incubation of testes of men and and the monkey, but not by those of
      rodents and other vertebrates examined.

PMID- 4017547
TI  - A comparison of the effects of duodenal glucose infusion on carbohydrate and
      lipid metabolism in liver, adipose tissue and small intestinal mucosa in sheep.
AB  - The effects of duodenal glucose infusion on the specific activities of some
      enzymes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver, perinephric adipose
      tissue and small intestinal mucosa of sheep were examined. Lipogenic enzyme
      activity was generally greatest in adipose tissue and lowest in liver and the
      response of these enzymes to glucose infusion was similarly greatest in adipose
      tissue. Glycolytic enzyme activity was significantly increased in all three
      tissues following duodenal glucose infusion. The effects of increasing
      carbohydrate availability in the small intestine in relation to tissue metabolism
      in sheep are discussed.

PMID- 4017548
TI  - Plasma vitellogenin in landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Ouananiche):
      isolation, homologous radioimmunoassay and immunological cross-reactivity with
      vitellogenin from other teleosts.
AB  - Vitellogenin was isolated by affinity chromatography and gel filtration from
      landlocked Atlantic salmon plasma. Vitellogenin was labelled with iodine-131
      using iodogen and an homologous radioimmunoassay was developed. There was poor
      immunological cross-reactivity with vitellogenin or plasma from other teleosts.
      Parallelism of the vitellogenin standard to the displacement by plasma of
      vitellogenic salmon allowed the assay to be used to evaluate the seasonal
      concentration profile of vitellogenin in female adult salmon. Extracts of liver
      or ovary from female Atlantic salmon also yielded displacements parallel to the
      vitellogenin standard in the assay.

PMID- 4017549
TI  - DNA homologies between the rainbow trout, chum salmon and coho salmon.
AB  - The thermal stabilities of hybrid duplexes between the DNAs from three salmonid
      fish species were monitored as measures of DNA homology. The chum salmon,
      Oncorhynchus keta, and coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, had more DNA homology
      with each other than either had with the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii.
      Morphological, ecological and protein similarities between the coho salmon and
      the rainbow trout may be due to parallel or convergent evolution.

PMID- 4017550
TI  - Metabolism of radiolabelled chylomicron lipids in intact and hepatectomized rats.
AB  - Intact rats removed more radiolabelled triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and
      cholesterol ester but not phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the first 6 min than
      hepatectomized rats. There was no difference between intact and hepatectomized
      rats in the transfer of radiolabelled chylomicron lipids to other lipoproteins.
      Specific radioactivity measurements demonstrated a net transfer of PC (intact and
      hepatectomized rats) and unesterified cholesterol (intact rats only) onto both
      the low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein-1 (LDL/HDL1) and HDL2
      fractions. [3H]Fatty acids were rapidly incorporated into blood cell
      phospholipids and into HDL and LDL cholesterol esters of both intact and
      hepatectomized rats. Substantial rearrangements of [3H]palmitate occurred during
      lipid uptake by liver.

PMID- 4017551
TI  - A survey of polar and nonpolar lipids extracted from snake skin.
AB  - The cast skins of 24 species of snake (four families) were extracted with
      chloroform:methanol and the lipids recovered (4.2-14.0% of dry weight of shed
      epidermis) were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Skins from all
      species had large amounts of cholesterol and free fatty acids and most had one or
      more lipids with TLC mobility similar to triglycerides. Many had a lipid with
      mobility similar to cholesterol esters. Polar lipids showed much less variation
      in composition. All species showed large amounts of phospholipids (sphingomyelin,
      phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine). All skins contained
      glycolipids with mobilities similar to monohexosylceramides as well as a number
      of lipids with mobilities similar to those of ceramides but giving glycolipid
      like color reactions when heated with sulfuric acid.

PMID- 4017552
TI  - Comparative analyses of aortic type IV collagen in various species.
AB  - Aortic type IV collagen from several species contained identical patterns of high
      molecular-weight aggregates as determined by HPLC. Slab gel electrophoresis in
      one and two dimensions revealed a similar chain composition in these collagen
      samples. The basic structural components were similar in size to the long form of
      7-S collagen. These studies suggest that a common supramolecular assembly of type
      IV chains exist within aortic basement membrane matrices.

PMID- 4017554
TI  - Effects of anti-albumin sera on the synthesis and secretion of soluble proteins
      by monolayers of hepatocytes.
AB  - Hepatocytes were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats and monolayer cultures
      prepared. The effects of supplementation of the incubation medium with homologous
      and heterologous antisera directed against albumin on the synthesis and secretion
      of soluble proteins were ascertained. Supplementation of the medium with antisera
      generally resulted in a time related decrease in the synthesis and secretion of
      soluble proteins. The observed inhibition did not appear to be due to deficient
      amino acid uptake and the cell membranes remained intact in the presence of
      antisera. The results are discussed in relation to findings obtained with
      malignant cells.

PMID- 4017553
TI  - Brown adipose tissue from fetal rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): morphological and
      biochemical aspects.
AB  - Brown adipose tissue (BAT) from fetal rhesus monkeys microscopically resembled
      adult rodent BAT containing multiocular fat cells with numerous mitochondria.
      Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity was lower than that in
      adult rodents and adenine nucleotide translocase activity was similar to that
      reported for rats. Rhesus monkey BAT mitochondria (BATM) possess an uncoupling
      protein that is characteristic of BAT as evidenced by the binding of [3H]GDP, the
      inhibition by GDP of the high Cl- permeability or rapid alpha-glycerol-3
      phosphate oxidation. Electrophoretic analysis of BATM showed the presence of a
      32,000 mol.wt protein which was enriched by procedures established for the
      isolation of BATM uncoupling protein.

PMID- 4017555
TI  - The isolation and characterization of lysozyme from human foetal membranes: a
      comparison with the enzyme from other sources.
AB  - Lysozyme (muramidase) was isolated from an acidic extract of human foetal
      membranes by adsorption and elution from octadecyl silica. It was further
      purified by gel-filtration and ion-exchange. The final product was homogeneous by
      high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) and electrophoresis. It was
      indistinguishable from human milk lysozyme by all criteria investigated,
      including amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility, retention time on
      h.p.l.c. and sequence of the first nine residues. Human uterine decidual tissue
      was shown to contain a similar concentration of lysozyme to foetal membranes. The
      enzyme was also present at lower concentrations in amnion, placenta and amniotic
      fluid.

PMID- 4017556
TI  - Using a microcomputer and video camera to simultaneously track 25 animals.
AB  - A system that can simultaneously track about 25 animals with the position of each
      determined once a second is described. The system includes a 6809 microprocessor,
      OS-9 operating system and application programs written in assembly and BASICO9.
      The movements and changes in direction of the subjects can be determined and
      displayed in real time. The system has proven to be valuable in studying the
      chemotaxis of nematodes and should be applicable to the study of other animals
      that can be viewed with high contrast.

PMID- 4017557
TI  - A time-lapse, image digitization videomicroscope system based on a mini computer
      with large peripheral memory.
AB  - We describe a time-lapse image digitization videomicroscope system that uses a
      mini computer as the main processing unit in conjunction with a large peripheral
      memory for storing multiple digitized images. The advantage of the system lies in
      its ability to facilitate acquisition and analysis of data relative to size,
      location and optical density of cells and cellular structure using elementary
      image processing techniques. This system can also potentially control microscope
      stage movement, enabling acquisition of larger amounts of data per time-lapse
      experiment.

PMID- 4017558
TI  - Computer-aided rhinometry: analysis of inspiratory and expiratory nasal pressure
      flow curves in subjects with rhinitis.
AB  - Airflow through the nose was measured by posterior rhinometry with the aid of a
      microcomputer to study reproducibility of pressure-flow curves, the ease of
      detection of nasal congestion and decongestion, and mathematical modelling of P-V
      curves. In twelve subjects with rhinitis, the median coefficient of variation of
      nasal airway resistance was between 4.9% and 14.4% and was not significantly
      affected by inspiration and expiration, congestion and decongestion, or the flow
      rate at which it was measured. Fitting of 630 P-V curves to a quadratic equation
      was usually excellent, particularly during expiration.

PMID- 4017559
TI  - On line determination of airway resistance by plethysmography and microcomputer.
AB  - On line determination of airway resistance is carried out by an Apple II
      connected to a flow body plethysmograph. Recognition of the panting maneuver is
      performed in real time. Linear drift of plethysmographic volume V is eliminated
      by taking the derivatives V and Vm of V and mouth flow Vm. Linear regression of V
      on Vm yields an estimate R of airway resistance, at a volume close to functional
      residual capacity FRC. The values of FRC is given by linear regression of V on
      Pm, the derivative of mouth pressure. No significant difference has been found
      between the estimates of the specific conductance sG calculated by linear
      regression and by spectral analysis of V and Vm. As variability of sG can be kept
      below 10%, the regression technique appears to be reliable for routine patient
      testing and pharmacological studies.

PMID- 4017560
TI  - Intellectual functioning and abstraction ability in major affective disorders.

PMID- 4017561
TI  - Diagnosis of manic depressive illness in blacks.

PMID- 4017562
TI  - Torque response in psychotics and normal controls: a study in an Asian culture.

PMID- 4017563
TI  - Clinical implications of Axis I-Axis II interactions.

PMID- 4017564
TI  - Circadian rhythm in primary affective disorder.

PMID- 4017565
TI  - Factors influencing the occurrence of hand eczema in adults with a history of
      atopic dermatitis in childhood.
AB  - A series of 955 persons aged 24-44 years, with atopic dermatitis in childhood,
      were interviewed in order to identify factors which increase the risk of
      developing hand eczema in adult life, or aggravate already existing hand eczema.
      Endogenous (constitutional) factors were in general of greater importance than
      exogenous factors, viz. chemicals, water, soil and wear (friction). Eczematous
      involvement of the hands in childhood was of predominant importance. In
      individuals without such involvement, severe (widespread) dermatitis in childhood
      was a dominant factor. Other factors, each of them significantly more important
      than the exogenous ones, were persistent eczema on other parts of the body and
      dry/itchy skin. The factors female sex, family history of atopic dermatitis and
      simultaneous bronchial asthma/allergic rhinitis were associated with increased
      risk of developing hand eczema in adult life, but were of limited importance
      compared with the other endogenous and the exogenous factors.

PMID- 4017566
TI  - Clonidine: irritant and allergic contact dermatitis assays.
AB  - Clonidine in petrolatum, clonidine transdermal device, and its placebo device
      were assayed for relative irritancy potential (21-day cumulative irritancy assay)
      and allergic contact dermatitis potential (Draize repeat insult patch test
      assay). Both clonidine in petrolatum and the clonidine transdermal device appear
      to be of minimal irritancy potential. Only the clonidine device demonstrated, in
      the Draize assay (and in clinical trials), allergic contact dermatitis potential.
      Its relatively delayed onset of demonstration of allergic contact sensitization
      in clinical trials requires investigation as to mechanism.

PMID- 4017567
TI  - Identification of psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, isopimpinellin, and 5,7
      dimethoxycoumarin in Pelea anisata H. Mann.
AB  - 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin and isopimpinellin, together with the well-known
      phototoxic, photo-irritant furanocoumarins psoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen, were
      isolated and identified from leaves and fruits of Pelea anisata H. Mann, a plant
      whose fruit are used in the construction of mohikana leis used in parts of the
      Hawaiian Islands. The presence of phototoxic furanocoumarins would explain the
      occurrence of photodermatitis in the wearers of the leis.

PMID- 4017568
TI  - Aluminium in Finn chambers reacts with cobalt and nickel salts in patch test
      materials.
AB  - Aluminium has a greater affinity for electrons than cobalt and nickel. Therefore,
      cobalt and nickel ions would be expected to exchange with metallic aluminium in
      Finn chambers. This theory has been proven to be valid, as shown in 2 series of
      experiments: first, cobalt and nickel salt solutions (0.25 M) etch a metallic
      aluminium surface; secondly, aluminium Finn chambers kept in 10(-3) M nickel salt
      solutions significantly reduce the concentration of dissolved nickel. Dichromate
      solutions do not etch an aluminium metal surface significantly. Petrolatum, which
      is routinely used as vehicle in standard patch tests, probably protects the
      aluminium of Finn chambers from the interaction of cobalt and nickel salts. The
      interaction may have significance in tests with solutions.

PMID- 4017569
TI  - Sensitizing potential of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate.
AB  - Guinea pigs exhibited none or slight responses to sensitization with low
      concentrations of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate in the guinea pig maximization test,
      while 60-100% reacted to high concentrations regardless of the vehicle used for
      induction. Petrolatum, water, soybean oil and a mixture of oil and 2-butanone
      (sbomek) were used as vehicles for elicitation. The neat methacrylate was less
      effective than dilutions in any vehicle, petrolatum being the best. The major
      determinant of the frequency of response was the concentration used for
      intradermal induction. An increase in frequency and in duration of responsiveness
      after treatment with cyclophosphamide 3 days before challenge suggests that
      hydroxyethylmethacrylate preferentially stimulates the suppressor cell function.

PMID- 4017570
TI  - Facial dermatitis from epoxy resin in a helmet.

PMID- 4017571
TI  - Allergenic degradation products of para-tertiary butylphenolformaldehyde plastic.

PMID- 4017572
TI  - Is cobalt naphthenate an allergen?

PMID- 4017573
TI  - Propolis contact dermatitis.

PMID- 4017574
TI  - Photodermatitis from musk ambrette in barbers' cologne.

PMID- 4017575
TI  - Tego dermatitis.

PMID- 4017576
TI  - Phytophotodermatitis induced by Ruta chalepensis L.

PMID- 4017577
TI  - Contact urticaria from papain in a soft lens solution.

PMID- 4017578
TI  - Nickel sensitivity as a complication of squaric acid dibutylester treatment of
      alopecia areata.

PMID- 4017579
TI  - Contact dermatitis from novocaine in Gerovital cream.

PMID- 4017580
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis to cashew nut.

PMID- 4017581
TI  - Contact allergy to unsaturated polyester in a boat builder.

PMID- 4017582
TI  - Primary mesenteric venous thrombosis with recurrence.

PMID- 4017583
TI  - Methyl methacrylate cement induced pseudoaneurysm of the right common femoral
      artery.

PMID- 4017584
TI  - Consensus development summaries. Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart
      disease. National Institutes of Health.

PMID- 4017585
TI  - DNR procedures: purple dots revisited. Grand Jury of the Supreme Court of the
      State of New York, Queens County.

PMID- 4017586
TI  - Drunken injured drivers: are they "getting away with murder"?

PMID- 4017587
TI  - Effects of competition in medicine: practice characteristics of physicians in
      proprietary and nonproprietary hospitals. AMA Council on Medical Service.

PMID- 4017588
TI  - Reflections on medicine. What policy?

PMID- 4017589
TI  - Alcohol, law and public policy: current controversies.

PMID- 4017590
TI  - Isolation of Mycoplasma bovis from bulk milk.
AB  - The prevalence of mycoplasma in Vermont dairy farms was determined by two surveys
      conducted in March 1983 and January 1984. Bulk tank milk samples representing 74%
      and 62% of the herds respectively were cultured. Mycoplasma bovis was detected in
      3 of the 2,346 bulk samples collected in the initial survey. The infection rate
      was 1.3 herds per thousand (95% confidence interval: 0.6-2.0 herds per thousand).
      No positive cultures were obtained in the second survey.

PMID- 4017591
TI  - Presumptive organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity in a paralyzed bull.
AB  - A case of presumptive organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity in a bull is
      described. All signs were referable to a focal cervical or diffuse spinal cord
      lesion. These included recumbency with severe symmetrical paresis of all 4 limbs,
      the hind limb involvement being greater than the forelimbs. CSF analysis was
      normal. The bull was killed and necropsied. There were no gross CNS lesions.
      Histopathologic finds are characterized and their resemblance to lesions observed
      in delayed neurotoxicity caused by organophosphate compounds is discussed. The
      bull had been treated with organophosphate insecticide (famphur) 43 days prior to
      the onset of signs.

PMID- 4017592
TI  - The mammalian rete ovarii: a literature review.
AB  - The rete ovarii is the homologue of the rete testis. It develops from cells of
      mesonephric origin which immigrate into the developing gonad of the embryo. The
      mature form of the rete ovarii is generally found to be groups of anastomosing
      tubules lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium. These tubules are usually
      located in the hilus of the ovary, but may extend through the medulla or be
      isolated in the mesovarium adjacent to the hilus. The rete is often continuous
      with the transverse ductules through which it contacts the longitudinal duct of
      the epoophoron. The rete ovarii is important in the control of meiosis in the
      maturing ovary. Cells of the rete ovarii differentiate to form granulosa cells as
      well. The rete is also credited with secretory capability, a hypothesis supported
      by the observation of secretory material in the lumina of the rete tubules in
      several species. Cysts have been observed in the rete ovarii of several species.
      The rete ovarii of the adult does not appear to be a functionless vestige as has
      been previously reported.

PMID- 4017593
TI  - The use of milk progesterone and electronic vaginal probes as aids in large dairy
      herd reproductive management.
AB  - In a large herd 427 cows were examined for reproductive condition 26 to 34 days
      after calving. Progesterone profiles were obtained from a total of over 5000 milk
      samples which were taken twice weekly for 4 weeks, starting at the time of
      examination, and again 21, 23, and 25 days later. Researchers lived on the farm
      during the experiment to sample cows and record all data. Electronic probe
      measurements of cervical-vaginal mucus also were obtained. All cows were
      inseminated artificially with frozen semen from one organization. Eleven percent
      of the cows were not inseminated in the estrual phase as determined by
      substantial concentrations of progesterone in milk (MP), and 2% were pregnant and
      aborted following insemination. The MP 23 to 25 days after insemination
      essentially was 100% accurate in predicting nonpregnancy and was preferable to
      day 21. When used in conjunction with MP on the day of insemination pregnancy
      prediction 23 to 25 days after insemination was 84% accurate. Non-return rate 60
      days after insemination was 7% higher than palpated pregnancy rate. The use of
      electronic probes under large herd conditions was labor intensive and did not
      give repeatably distinctive values at estrus.

PMID- 4017594
TI  - Outcome of respiratory intensive care for the elderly.
AB  - We followed 1018 patients admitted consecutively to a multidisciplinary
      respiratory ICU (RICU), with special attention to patients aged 75 yr and over.
      The elderly had a higher RICU (11/49) and in-hospital (21/49) mortality than
      younger patients. The 28 survivors of hospitalization had a lower acute
      physiology score (APS) than nonsurvivors on admission (16.1 +/- 7.8 vs. 21.8 +/-
      8.9, respectively), indicating less severe illness. The quality of long-term
      survival (12 to 24 months) was assessed using an open-ended questionnaire.
      Eighteen hospital survivors were alive at the time of follow-up and the quality
      of life was deemed satisfactory by 10 of 13 patients who were living
      independently. Only two of 28 survivors had been transferred to nursing home
      care, and two were in acute care hospitals. We conclude most elderly patients
      discharged from the RICU consider their lifestyle satisfactory and are not a
      large drain on community health care resources. Further studies of the screening
      process which determines RICU admission are necessary, because unimodal criteria
      such as age and APS after admission were not of prognostic value.

PMID- 4017595
TI  - Lung mechanical profiles in acute respiratory failure: diagnostic and prognostic
      value of compliance at different tidal volumes.
AB  - The mean airway pressure difference within a respiratory cycle at end-inspiration
      was measured at different tidal volumes (VT) in 59 patients treated with
      mechanical ventilation, and plotted in a pressure-volume (P-V) diagram.
      Regression analysis revealed three types of regression lines which were clearly
      correlated with clinical pulmonary condition and outcome. The slope of such
      regression lines may be a more realistic representation of lung elasticity than
      conventional total static compliance, which is measured at only one VT, and the
      intercept of these lines may be a more appropriate reflection of operating lung
      volume than functional residual capacity. Ventilator settings should put the
      patient's lungs on the steepest part of the P-V curve with the smallest
      intercept, while maintaining acceptable arterial blood gas tensions.

PMID- 4017596
TI  - Inotropic effect of different albumin solutions on isolated papillary muscle.
AB  - We used a papillary muscle assay to study the inotropic effect of albumin
      solution. Unlike specially prepared citrate-free solutions, commercial
      preparations produced a negative inotropic effect. This is because their high
      citrate concentrations bound much of the calcium, so that little ionized calcium
      was available for physiologic processes. Citrate-free albumin did not show any
      inotropic effect on isolated papillary muscle. The amount of albumin normally
      used for resuscitation should not have enough citrate to depress ionized plasma
      calcium. Our experiments showed no evidence for primary myocardial depressant
      action of a commercial albumin preparation.

PMID- 4017598
TI  - A simple method for estimating compliance.
AB  - In intensive care medicine, pulmonary compliance is one of the very helpful
      diagnostic indices. Because of technical difficulties, however, the measurement
      of pulmonary compliance is often reduced to a rough guess of the compliance of
      the total respiratory system. The technical problems can be overcome using a
      computer to solve the basic equations with the least-squares fit (LSF) method.
      Unfortunately, this method requires such a long calculation time that bedside
      breath-by-breath calculations are impracticable on small computers. A simple
      computer algorithm (mean-values method) was therefore developed and compared to
      the LSF method. Compliance values calculated by either procedure were practically
      identical in ventilated patients. However, by reducing computing time to 30% of
      the LSF method, our mean-values algorithm enabled real-time estimation of
      compliance breath-by-breath.

PMID- 4017597
TI  - Complications after overdose with tricyclic antidepressants.
AB  - We reviewed 72 consecutive cases of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose (OD)
      admitted from the emergency ward (EW) to the ICU between 1977 and 1982. Most
      patients were seriously ill before ICU admission: 70% were comatose; 68% were
      intubated, including 61% in need of mechanical ventilation; and 30% were
      hypothermic. One patient died after ICU admission. ECG abnormalities were present
      in 37 (51%) patients in the EW. These abnormalities were associated with higher
      TCA plasma levels, but not with either acidosis or hypoxemia. Of 14 patients
      without ECG abnormalities or the need for intubation in the EW, none developed
      new ECG abnormalities or required ventilatory support. No patient had a late
      complication after transfer from the ICU, after a mean stay of 2.1 days. Late,
      unexpected complications in TCA OD are very rare. Our study suggests that TCA OD
      patients who do not have an abnormal ECG and do not require ventilatory support
      at the time of initial evaluation may not need ICU admission simply for intensive
      observation.

PMID- 4017599
TI  - Limitations of thermodilution ejection fraction: degradation of frequency
      response by catheter mounting of fast-response thermistors.
AB  - The present study examined whether catheter-mounting of a fast-response
      thermistor impaired the thermistor's ability to measure rapid temperature changes
      during thermodilution measurement of ejection fraction (EF). The response to a
      square-wave temperature change of six fast-response thermistors mounted on
      commercially available, pulmonary artery balloon-flotation catheters was compared
      to the response of a similar but unmounted fast-response thermistor. The response
      of the catheter-mounted fast-response thermistors recorded only 82% to 92% of a
      step-temperature change at 0.5 sec, and 88% to 96% of the step change at 1.0 sec.
      In contrast, the unmounted fast-response thermistor responded to 100% of the step
      change in 125 msec. The response of the catheter-mounted fast-response
      thermistors demonstrated an important slow component (second time constant)
      introduced by the catheter body, so that equilibration to a temperature change
      was not complete for about 6 sec. This slow equilibration lowered EF measured by
      thermodilution below true EF.

PMID- 4017600
TI  - Changes in conjunctival oxygen tension and temperature with advancing age.
AB  - The conjunctival oxygen monitor reflects oxygen tension of the internal carotid
      artery without introducing the heating artifact characteristic of transcutaneous
      monitors. It is now being used in the ICU and the operating room to measure
      accurately and continuously Po2 and temperature of conjunctival tissue. We
      examined the effect of aging on these values in 101 healthy adult subjects. Mean
      conjunctival oxygen tension (58 +/- 14 torr) and temperature (34.9 +/- 0.6
      degrees C) decreased significantly (p less than .01) with advancing age.
      Monitoring the conjunctival capillaries may prove to be a useful adjunct to
      patient care, but the effect of aging must be considered in any such measurement.

PMID- 4017601
TI  - Acute intracranial hypertension during amiodarone infusion.

PMID- 4017602
TI  - Superior vena cava syndrome and pulmonary artery catheterization.

PMID- 4017603
TI  - Decisions on prolonging life.

PMID- 4017604
TI  - Changes in pulmonary blood flow during wedge pressure measurement in a neonate.

PMID- 4017605
TI  - Dithiocarbamate intoxication: a serious entity?

PMID- 4017606
TI  - Catheter measurement of mixed venous oxygen saturation.

PMID- 4017607
TI  - Hypoxemia, cellular hypoxia, and the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.

PMID- 4017608
TI  - Intravenous vs. nebulized salbutamol for treatment of severe status asthmaticus.

PMID- 4017609
TI  - Primary mediastinal echinococcosis.
AB  - Computed tomography findings with surgical details are presented in a case of
      hydatid cyst of posterior mediastinum, a rare site of involvement in
      echinococcosis infestation. The computed tomography appearance of posterior
      mediastinal echinococcosis is quite characteristic and can be readily
      distinguished from other cystic lesions of the mediastinum. Computed tomography
      provides additional information regarding the involvement of neighboring
      structures. In this case, computed tomography detected involvement of the
      descending aorta.

PMID- 4017610
TI  - Atypical computed tomography findings in a case of orbital pseudotumor.
AB  - The computer tomographic manifestations of orbital pseudotumors are varied. Among
      these findings, tram-tracking of the optic nerve sheath complex is rare. A
      patient with this unusual scan appearance is presented. Despite rapid clinical
      response to steroid therapy, this patient showed little initial improvement on
      computed tomography. The use of computed tomography scanning in the management of
      orbital pseudotumor is discussed.

PMID- 4017611
TI  - An unusual computed tomography appearance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case
      report.
AB  - The computed tomography findings of an unusual case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
      are presented. Typical features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from clinical,
      pathologic, and radiologic aspects are discussed. Atypical features of this case
      are presented, consisting of extensive muscular infiltration and lack of
      destruction of contiguous bony structures.

PMID- 4017613
TI  - Computed tomography of mediastinal cystic hygroma in an adult: case report and
      review of the literature.
AB  - Conventional and computed tomography findings in a cystic hygroma (lymphangioma)
      of the middle mediastinum in an adult are reported and compared with previously
      reported cases. The pertinent literature is reviewed.

PMID- 4017612
TI  - Total internal carotid artery occlusion by a benign carotid body tumor: a rare
      occurrence.
AB  - A rare case of a carotid body tumor that completely occluded the internal carotid
      artery is presented. To our knowledge this is only the second such case
      documented by angiography. In the present computed tomography era, the role of
      vascular imaging in these tumors is discussed and the varied clinical
      presentations of these neoplasms are reviewed. The confusion between the locally
      malignant behavior of some of these lesions and the accepted definition of a
      malignant carotid body tumor is discussed.

PMID- 4017614
TI  - Evaluation of traumatic rupture of descending aorta by aortography and computed
      tomography: case report with follow-up.
AB  - Small aortic injuries are difficult to detect by computed tomography. We report a
      patient with a traumatic aortic injury that was not demonstrated on two high
      resolution computed tomography scans 1 month apart despite prior angiographic
      demonstration of the lesion.

PMID- 4017615
TI  - Computed tomography of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
AB  - The computed tomography findings in two cases of xanthogranulomatous
      pyelonephritis are presented. There was diffuse involvement of the kidney in one
      case, with correlation with the pathologic specimen and microscopic findings. In
      the second case there was focal involvement of the kidney. Computed tomography
      greatly assisted in making a correct preoperative diagnosis and in assessing the
      degree of extrarenal involvement.

PMID- 4017616
TI  - Primary mediastinal hemangiopericytoma: computed tomography correlation.
AB  - A case of primary mediastinal hemangiopericytoma with computed tomography
      correlation is presented. Although this is rare cause of mediastinal mass, the
      diagnosis should be considered when computed tomography of the mass shows
      contrast medium enhancement, particularly if there is a curvilinear encircling
      structure suggesting a large feeder vessel.

PMID- 4017617
TI  - Computed tomography of osteoid osteoma.
AB  - Computed tomography revealed a radiolucent nidus with a surrounding zone of
      osteosclerosis in 17 patients with osteoid osteoma. Plain films did not reveal
      any abnormality in 5 patients. Conventional tomography was negative in 3
      patients. Computed tomography is the modality of choice for detection of osteoid
      osteoma when the lesion is deep-seated or when it occurs in complex anatomic
      regions with curvilinear and overlapping surfaces, such as acetabulum, knee, and
      spine.

PMID- 4017619
TI  - Ho'oponopono, "to make right": Hawaiian conflict resolution and metaphor in the
      construction of a family therapy.
AB  - It has been noted in the literature that community conflict resolution rituals
      have many structural and functional similarities to the goals and methods of
      psychotherapy. A Hawaiian form of conflict resolution called ho'oponopono ("to
      make right, orderly, correct") is a case where a conflict resolution format
      actually was used to create a culturally appropriate family therapy. This was
      done under the sponsorship of a Hawaiian social welfare organization with
      Hawaiian ancestry therapists. An important element in the transformation and
      usefulness of ho'oponopono as a Hawaiian therapy is the maintenance and
      incorporation of metaphoric understandings about the nature and dynamics of
      Hawaiian social relations.

PMID- 4017620
TI  - Comparative studies of normal and genetically hyperplastic lens epithelia II:
      lectin-induced cell agglutination and 125I-lectin uptake by cells.
AB  - The reactions of lectins with dissociated and cultured epithelial cells from
      hyperplastic lenses of two unrelated chick strains, Hy-1 and Hy-2, characterised
      by hyperplasia of the lens epithelium, and lenses of a normal genotype (N) were
      investigated using four different lectins. Three methods of monitoring lectin
      binding to cell surfaces were employed. Each of the four lectins used showed an
      individual pattern of reactivity to separated membrane components. Data obtained
      with the three labelling methods showed the same trend viz: increased
      agglutinability and high affinity for binding of all four lectins by Hy-1 and Hy
      2 cells. These results suggest that Hy-1 and Hy-2 lens epithelial cells are
      characterised by alteration in their cell surfaces.

PMID- 4017621
TI  - The photosensitized oxidation of the calf lens main intrinsic protein (MP26) with
      hematoporphyrin.
AB  - Hematoporphyrin (HP), a drug used for the treatment of tumors including
      intraocular tumors, is an efficient photosensitizer. In addition to its
      therapeutic value, it also produces a phototoxic side effect in the skin. To test
      whether such effects may also occur in the eye, calf lens fiber membranes were
      photolyzed in the presence and absence of 1 mM HP. A marked increase (ca 5 times)
      in the photopolymerization of the calf lens membrane main intrinsic protein
      (MP26) was found in the presence of HP. Tenfold increases in destruction rates
      were found in losses of histidine. The MP26 was also photolyzed after tryptic and
      chymotryptic digestion to MP21, this resulted in an increased photopolymerization
      in the presence of 1 mM HP. These data suggest an age related increase in
      sensitivity of the lens fiber membrane proteins to such photoprocesses. The
      addition of both azide and penicillamine reduces the photosensitized loss of the
      main intrinsic protein.

PMID- 4017618
TI  - The interrelationship of tropical disease and mental disorder: conceptual
      framework and literature review (Part I--Malaria).
AB  - Substantial interactions between tropical diseases and psychiatric illness have
      long been recognized, but the impact of biological factors in the field of cross
      cultural psychiatry has been less well studied than psychosocial factors. In
      reviewing the literature at the intersection of tropical medicine and psychiatry
      in order to summarize the existing data base in this field, a generalized
      interactive model informed by the theoretical contributions of George Engel, the
      WHO Scientific Working Group on Social and Economic Research, Arthur Kleinman, P.
      M. Yap, Edward Sapir and others has been developed to serve as a conceptual
      framework for this analysis of the literature and to guide further research. The
      clinical literature of tropical medicine and psychiatry which recognizes the
      significance of concurrent tropical disease and mental disorders is reviewed
      along with the more specific literature on malaria and concomitant psychiatric
      illness. Many authors have focused on the role of organic mental disorders,
      especially in connection with cerebral malaria, but several have also addressed
      psychosocial parameters through which the interrelationship between malaria and a
      full range of mental disorders is also mediated. The effects of malaria may serve
      as biological, psychological or social stressors operating in a cultural context
      which precipitate or shape features of psychiatric symptomatology. Psychiatric
      illness may likewise precipitate an episode of malaria with typical symptoms in a
      patient with a previously subclinical infection. Implications of the literature
      and this generalized interactive model are considered as they apply to clinical
      practice, public health and the application of social science theory in medicine.

PMID- 4017622
TI  - The optically determined corneal and anterior chamber volumes of the cynomolgus
      monkey.
AB  - We described an optical method of measuring corneal volume and employed the
      optical method of Johnson et al. for measuring the volume of the anterior chamber
      in cynomolgus monkey. In 12 normal monkey eyes, the corneal volume was found to
      be 40.4 +/- 2.3 microliter (mean +/- S.E.) and the anterior chamber volume was
      101.8 +/- 4.2 microliter (mean +/- S.E.).

PMID- 4017623
TI  - Localization and properties of an immunoreactive protein in bovine ciliary body
      similar to retinal S antigen.
AB  - Immunocytochemical studies showed that monoclonal antibodies to bovine retinal S
      antigen recognize an immunoreactive protein present in the bovine ciliary body
      epithelium. This protein was purified by DEAE-agarose chromatography and found to
      have a M.W. of 28,000 daltons by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Crude
      and purified preparations of this protein cross-react with polyclonal antibodies
      to retinal S-antigen. The relative reactivity of S-antigen monoclonal antibodies
      to ciliary body protein was determined by ELISA. Lewis rats immunized with crude
      and purified ciliary body protein failed to develop experimental uveitis. The
      results indicate that the ciliary body protein contains an antigenic peptide
      domain which is similar to that of S-antigen but lacks the immunopathogenic
      domain.

PMID- 4017624
TI  - Studies in experimental keratomycosis.
AB  - The study of experimental fungal infections requires effective animal models. Two
      such models in the rabbit model have been developed and applied to various
      aspects of topical antifungal therapy. In these models, the polyenes, as a class,
      are superior in efficacy to the imidazoles and flucytosine, but efficacy is
      clearly strain related. Corticosteroids, when administered concomitantly with
      antifungal agents, adversely influence antifungal activity in vivo. This steroid
      effect is inversely proportional to the efficacy of the antifungal agent. The
      corneal epithelium appears to be a significant barrier to the penetration of the
      polyene antibiotics. Although the predictive power of in vitro susceptibility
      testing as a guide to in vivo efficacy is uncertain, a correlation was seen
      between the in vivo and in vitro effect for amphotericin B against three strains
      of Candida albicans.

PMID- 4017625
TI  - Transplantation of cultured human retinal epithelium to Bruch's membrane of the
      owl monkey's eye.
AB  - Human retinal epithelial cells dividing in culture have been radiolabelled with
      tritiated thymidine and subsequently transplanted and identified on Bruch's
      membrane of owl monkey by autoradiography. Such cells have been followed from 2
      hours to 7 days after transplantation. The transplant cells reattach within 2
      hours to the basement membrane left on Bruch's membrane after the host epithelial
      cells have been removed by suction after trypsinization. Within 6 to 24 hours
      they form a layer on Bruch's membrane with junctional complexes between cells and
      an apical-basal polarity characteristic of such cells in culture or after retinal
      detachment. After 2 to 7 days multilayers form by continued mitosis but no
      transplant cells invade the choroid as long as Bruch membrane is intact. Within
      this time macrophages begin to appear in the choriocapillaris under the
      transplant. These cells migrate through Bruch's membrane and between the
      transplant cells but have not been seen phagocytizing transplant cells.
      Reattachment of the neural retina to the transplant layer has not been attempted
      but seems technically possible.

PMID- 4017626
TI  - Experimental investigations of intraocular eicosanoids: cultured human trabecular
      cells and laser photocoagulation of the rabbit iris.
AB  - The significance of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids in normal ocular
      physiology and in ocular disease is not well understood. We have utilized
      cultured human trabecular cells and an in vivo model of laser-induced
      inflammation in the rabbit eye to gain information concerning eicosanoid
      biosynthesis and its regulation in the anterior segment. Further investigations
      using these experimental paradigms should help to elucidate the physiologic and
      pathophysiologic roles of eicosanoids in the eye.

PMID- 4017628
TI  - International symposium on membrane transport mechanisms in the eye. Berlin, West
      Germany, September 26-29, 1984.

PMID- 4017627
TI  - Progress toward the establishment of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements as
      an index of in vivo lens functional integrity.
AB  - Cataract prevention, delay, or reversal requires in vivo detection of lens
      changes that initiate the opacification process. The determination of lenticular
      biochemistry by a noninvasive methodology would represent a major step in the in
      vivo assessment of lens normalcy. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy appears
      to be a promising noninvasive technique to meet this goal. However, the
      correlation of lenticular "invasive" morphological and physiological data with
      NMR spectroscopic data in organ culture is necessary for establishing the
      validity of NMR spectral measurements as an index of lens functional integrity.
      The implementation of lenticular NMR spectroscopic studies will provide
      quantitative information such as intralenticular pH, Na+ and K+ ion
      distributions, lenticular levels of phosphorus-containing metabolites, glycolytic
      pathway intermediates and the end product lactate, sorbitol pathway activity, and
      possibly reduced glutathione levels. Development in surface coil NMR spectroscopy
      which enables the spatial localization of tissue metabolites and advances in the
      refinements required for quantitation of these results are discussed. These
      measurements of in vivo lenticular biochemistry will provide the information
      necessary for the scheduling of anticataract drug therapy as well as an ongoing
      method for monitoring the efficacy of such treatment.

PMID- 4017629
TI  - Passive ion fluxes across the corneal endothelium.
AB  - The deepithelialized cornea is mounted in a chamber and perfused on both surfaces
      by identical closed systems. The technique allows the continuous measurement of
      the net water flux and the electrical potential across the preparation as well as
      the steady state flux of radioactive ions. The permeabilities of pairs of ions in
      the same direction were compared, and they were found to be closely proportional
      to their free diffusion constants, suggesting that they passed by way of the
      intercellular spaces. Technical difficulties prevented a valid determination of
      the existence of active ion transport, but there was no indication of its
      presence.

PMID- 4017630
TI  - The mechanism of fluid and electrolyte transport across corneal endothelium:
      critical revision and update of a model.
AB  - A model for endothelial transport is updated to include recent evidence. We
      discuss electrolyte movements based on a Na+-K+ ATPase, a Na+-H+ exchanger, a Na+
      HCO3 coupler, a Cl- -HCO-3 exchanger, a K+-Cl-coupler, and K+ and anion channels.
      We discuss near-isotonic transport of fluid on the basis of recent findings of
      high endothelial osmotic permeability.

PMID- 4017631
TI  - Ion transport mechanisms in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells.
AB  - Intracellular potential measurements of confluent monolayers of cultured bovine
      corneal endothelial cells were used to define passive ion transport processes in
      these cells. Previous studies (Jentsch et al., J. Membr. Biol. 78:103 (1984);
      Jentsch et al., J. Membr. Biol. 81:189 (1984] have provided the experimental
      basis for a cellular model, in which bicarbonate entry across the basolateral
      membrane is indirectly driven by a Na+/H+-exchanger, which is inhibitable by
      amiloride (1mM). Bicarbonate and sodium should leave the cell via an electrogenic
      bicarbonate sodium cotransport, which is inhibitable by the disulfonic stilbene
      derivates SITS or DIDS. This model is also consistent with results from
      transendothelial studies. In this paper, we briefly review the evidence we have
      obtained for this model and demonstrate, that the electrical response to sodium
      (depolarization upon Na+-removal) is neither due to an inhibition of Na+/K+
      ATPase nor explainable in terms of changes in K+-conductance. This is concluded
      from the observation of these responses in the presence of ouabain (10(-4)M) or
      barium (1mM).

PMID- 4017632
TI  - Ocular pharmacology of sulfonamides: the cornea as barrier and depot.
AB  - In the past five years we have studied the penetration of locally applied
      sulfonamides into the eye, with a view toward developing new topical carbonic
      anhydrase inhibitors for the treatment of glaucoma. The drugs varied by 400 fold
      in their permeability to the anterior chamber and 20,000 fold in permeability to
      the posterior chamber. We report now on two particular findings related to drug
      structure: 1) Transcorneal permeability of the ionic or dissociated form of the
      drug is relatively high -- some 1/4 that of the undissociated form. 2) Depending
      on the structure, certain compounds are sequestered in the cornea (presumably the
      stroma) and form a release system into the anterior aqueous.

PMID- 4017633
TI  - Steady state voltages in the frog lens.
AB  - Electro-chemical steady state in the lens depends on the transport properties of
      its various constituent cells. These transport properties, at a minimum, include
      the active transport of Na/K and the passive leak of Na, K and Cl through
      membrane channels. The work of Kinsey and Reddy (1), first localized active Na/K
      transport to the anterior surface cell membranes. In this paper, we estimate that
      the pump current density is 2 to 4 mu amp/cm2 of surface membrane, by measuring
      the change in intracellular voltage when the lens is exposed to 100 microM
      ouabain. Our impedance data suggest the passive leak of K is mostly across the
      membranes of surface cells, but whether these are anterior or posterior cells is
      not yet known. Membranes of the fiber cells throughout the volume of the lens
      appear to have channels that are selective for Na and Cl but few K channels. A
      simple model of electro-chemical steady state is derived to relate localized
      transport properties to the resting voltages in the lens. The above described
      localization of properties predicts radially circulating currents at steady state
      and spatial gradients in the intracellular and extracellular voltages. These
      predictions are compared to our measurements of steady state voltages and we find
      good agreement.

PMID- 4017634
TI  - Examination of lens calcium balance using 45Ca uptake studies.
AB  - The utility of 45Ca efflux studies to examine lens calcium balance is limited
      because of the dominant contribution of efflux from the extracellular space of
      the lens. On the other hand, examination of lens 45Ca uptake characteristics can
      generate valuable information regarding the mechanism by which calcium is largely
      restricted from the intracellular compartment. Such studies have enabled us to
      demonstrate that the access of calcium to the intracellular compartment is
      dependent to some extent upon the concentration of calcium in the extracellular
      environment. Additionally, experimental evidence speaks against extracellular
      binding of calcium. Finally, lens membrane permeability to calcium appears to be
      independent of membrane voltage.

PMID- 4017635
TI  - Effect of corticosteroids on electrolyte transport of the isolated human and
      rabbit lens.
AB  - In the isolated human lens, short circuit current was inhibited by
      pharmacological concentrations of 6-methylprednisolone and opacities occurred in
      the posterior subcapsular region in some lenses. The effect was seen only when
      the anterior (epithelial) surface of the lens was exposed. There was an increase
      of the short circuit current in the rabbit lens by 6-methyl-prednisolone and the
      lenses remained clear. Methylprednisolone effects were seen in spite of Na-K
      ATPase inhibition by ouabain. Aldosterone had no effect on the translenticular
      potential difference, short circuit current and transparency. The data are
      discussed with respect to corticosteroid receptors in the lens epithelium and to
      the pathogenesis of steroid-associated cataract in man.

PMID- 4017636
TI  - Role of calcium in cholinergic stimulation of lacrimal gland protein secretion.
AB  - To characterize the role of Ca2+ in cholinergic stimulation of lacrimal gland
      protein secretion, the effects of inhibitors of cellular Ca2+ handling on protein
      secretion were investigated. Protein secretion was measured from rat exorbital
      glands using either pieces of gland in perifusion or acini isolated by
      collagenase digestion. Peroxidase was used as a measure of protein secretion. An
      inhibitor of Ca2+ influx via voltage sensitive Ca2+ channels (verapamil) at 10(
      5) and 5 X 10(-5) M did not alter protein secretion stimulated by the cholinergic
      agonist carbachol at 10(-5) M. Inhibition of Ca2+ efflux via Na+/Ca2+ exchange by
      removal of extracellular Na+ or by inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase activity using
      ouabain (10(-3) M) or extracellular K+ removal did not stimulate protein
      secretion. In contrast, inhibition of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores with
      TMB-8 at 100 micron completely blocked protein secretion stimulated by carbachol
      at 10(-5) M. Similarly, the Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) antagonists W-13 and W-12
      decreased carbachol-induced protein secretion with potencies similar to those
      which inhibit Ca2+/CaM dependent processes. We conclude that cholinergic agonists
      stimulate lacrimal gland protein secretion primarily by mobilizing Ca2+ from
      intracellular stores and that one mechanism by which this Ca2+ could activate
      secretion is in conjunction with calmodulin.

PMID- 4017637
TI  - Secretion of drugs in tears.
AB  - Secretion in tears has been investigated for a limited number of drugs. Transfer
      of the free non protein-bound fraction from plasma to tears only can be expected
      for unionized drugs with sufficient lipid solubility. For acid and basic drugs
      the correlation of tear: plasma (unbound) ratio is disturbed by variations in
      tear pH. Within these limitations tear sampling will not be an useful method for
      drug concentration measurement.

PMID- 4017638
TI  - Influence of secretagogues on volume and protein pattern in rabbit lacrimal
      fluid.
AB  - After certain tear proteins had been found to be markers of duct cell activity in
      the rabbit lacrimal gland, different secretagogues were tested to increase volume
      and protein secretion. Carbamyl-choline and the peptides eledoisin and vasoactive
      intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulated volume flux as well as secretion of the
      marker proteins indicating duct cell activation. Beta-adrenergic stimulation also
      increased secretion of a further tear protein. This might indicate that water is
      secreted by the duct cells. These are stimulated by the secretagogues mentioned
      above. Beta-adrenergic stimulation might in addition activate the acinar cell
      system.

PMID- 4017639
TI  - The structure of tight junctions in the ciliary epithelium.
AB  - The tight junctions of the ciliary epithelium act as a barrier preventing the
      passage of blood borne macromolecules into the posterior chamber. The use of the
      freeze-fracture technique has led to a good knowledge of their morphological
      pattern in various species. However, in order to attempt a correlation of the
      morphology of the tight junctions with their physiological properties, their
      intimate substructure must be considered. As in other glutaraldehyde-fixed
      epithelia, the tight junctions appear as networks (variable in their apico-basal
      thickness) of more or less discontinuous P-face ridges and as complementary E
      face furrows in which some particles or short bars are found. The significance of
      the discontinuities of ridges has been analysed. The continuity of the junctional
      fibrils was evident as assessed both by quantitative measurements as well as
      morphological examination of complementary fracture faces. In addition, the
      absence of loss of junctional material showed that the integrity of the junction
      was preserved during the freeze-fracture process, even in conditions where an
      increase in "transfer" of junctional elements was experimentally induced. Most of
      all, a "pore system" due to visualizable gaps in the fibrils is not tenable for
      the ciliary epithelium. Furthermore, the analysis of transition steps at the
      level of membrane "fusion" showed that the tight junctions of the ciliary
      epithelium must now be considered as formed by two slightly offset fibrils, one
      per adjacent plasma membrane.

PMID- 4017640
TI  - Morphological evidence for the transfer of anionic macromolecules from the
      interior of the eye to the blood stream.
AB  - We have either introduced into the vitreous space or perfused through the
      anterior chamber of macaque monkey eyes two anionic tracers, anionic ferritin
      (AF) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and a cationic probe, cationic ferritin
      (CF). We have observed that the anionic molecules, but not the cationic one, are
      transported to the blood stream by plasmalemmal vesicles of the endothelial cells
      in both the retinal and the iridial vasculature. We suggest that a variety of
      organic anions of different MW which are commonly present in the eye tissues may
      be returned to the blood by the same morphological mechanism.

PMID- 4017641
TI  - A model of corneal re-endotheliazation after surgical trauma.
AB  - A model for simulating the endothelial damage caused by surgery is described. The
      model consists of the introduction of a specially constructed instrument into the
      anterior chamber and using it for scraping the endothelium of a pre-determined,
      precisely quantifiable area of cornea. The process of healing of the scraped
      cornea can be followed and measured accurately by biomicroscopy, specular
      microscopy and histological techniques. The model can be used to study the
      qualitative and quantitative aspects of endothelium healing and the effects of
      the various endogenous, exogenous and iatrogenic factors on this process. The
      preliminary data presented shows that the healed endothelium consists of larger
      and less densly packed cells. The cell density is reduced by 43.3% after one
      scraping of 57% of the endothelium and by 69.2% after two such operations.
      Prolonged mild traumatic iritis causes the appearance of endothelial cells with
      incongruous shapes.

PMID- 4017642
TI  - Alterations in ocular and optic nerve blood flow during intraocular surgery in
      aspirin pretreated rabbits.
AB  - The effect of intraocular surgery on ocular and optic nerve blood flow was
      determined in rabbits either untreated or pretreated with aspirin. Surgery was
      either extracapsular lens extraction through a 100 degrees corneal incision or a
      sham-operation in which a 45 degrees corneal incision was performed and the lens
      left in place. In both cases, the incisions were not sutured and the intraocular
      pressure remained zero for one hour. A (85Sr) radioactive microsphere technique
      was used to measure blood flow in the iris, scraped ciliary processes, retina,
      choroid, and optic nerve. In rabbits not receiving aspirin pretreatment, blood
      flow was statistically increased in all portions of the eye, except the retina
      and optic nerve, studied for sham-operated eyes, and in the iris and optic nerve
      in the lens extraction group. In rabbits pretreated with aspirin, blood flow
      remained at normal levels. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that
      prostaglandins released during ocular surgery cause increased ocular tissue blood
      flow.

PMID- 4017643
TI  - Statistical analysis for experimental models of ocular disease: continuous
      response measures.
AB  - Experimental designs in ophthalmologic research frequently treat both eyes of a
      subject in the same fashion: e.g., therapy with a specific drug or control. In
      these two-eye designs, observations from the same subject are often positively
      correlated. Failure to account for this correlation is a serious error which
      overstates the precision of studies, resulting in falsely significant results.
      This paper reviews the statistical methods appropriate for studies where
      endpoints are quantitative. We present: (1) the use of analysis of variance (t
      test when there are 2 treatment conditions) to estimate differences between all
      experimental treatments, (2) the use of contrasts to estimate differences between
      specific treatments, and (3) methods for analysis of data from multiple
      experiments. Because of the ubiquity of incorrect analysis of data from two-eye
      designs in the ophthalmologic research literature and the serious consequences of
      this error, we propose a limited statistical review of manuscripts to ascertain
      if the statistical analysis matched the experimental design.

PMID- 4017644
TI  - Ocular fluid dynamics response to topical RU486, a steroid blocker.
AB  - A steroid antagonist applied to one eye of 18 young pigmented rabbits during a 10
      week period caused a statistically significant fall in IOP, but no statistically
      significant nor clinically relevant change in the rate of aqueous humor turnover.
      The pressure change is therefore ascribed to an alteration in outflow channels.
      No changes occurred in a parallel group of 5 animals in which one eye was treated
      with vehicle and the contralateral eye was untreated. The drug effects became
      evident after two weeks of application, suggesting that a slow turnover pathway
      is involved.

PMID- 4017645
TI  - Corneal penetration and metabolism of the antiherpetic 5-iodo-2'-deoxycytidine.
AB  - The study of the permeability of the cornea to 5-iodo-2'-deoxycytidine (IDC), an
      antiherpetic agent was performed in the rabbit. In a first experiment, using 125I
      IDC eye-drops and a sustained contact between the drug and the cornea, we showed
      that the penetration of IDC in the aqueous humor was important. In a second
      experiment, using a HPLC method, we studied comparative ocular penetration and
      metabolism of IDC and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU).

PMID- 4017646
TI  - The persulfates: a triple threat.

PMID- 4017647
TI  - Association of pili torti and leukonychia.
AB  - A patient with both pili torti and leukonychia had a family history indicating
      dominant inheritance for the nail changes. However, no relatives had hair
      abnormalities. The authors briefly review both of these unusual entities.

PMID- 4017649
TI  - Cryotherapy of lentiginous mosaicism.
AB  - Liquid nitrogen cryospray treatments were successfully used to remove unilateral
      segmental lentigines. The rare disease of lentiginous mosaicism is described.

PMID- 4017648
TI  - Malassezia folliculitis in immunocompromised patients.
AB  - Four cases of Malassezia folliculitis in immuno-compromised patients with
      leukemia, papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung, and chronic renal failure are
      reported. This condition manifests with multiple bland asymptomatic follicular
      papules of the trunk and arms. Biopsy specimens show dilated follicles containing
      unipolar budding yeast forms. Malassezia is a common infection that must be
      differentiated from the cutaneous manifestations of systemic candidiasis.

PMID- 4017650
TI  - Cryoanesthesia and electrosurgical treatment of benign skin tumors.
AB  - Liquid nitrogen spray followed by light electrodesiccation treatment is helpful
      in the management of flat warts, small skin tags, seborrheic keratoses, and
      cherry angiomas. Patients experience minimal discomfort and the procedure can be
      rapidly completed with excellent cosmetic results.

PMID- 4017651
TI  - Contact dermatitis in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Contact dermatitis has not been previously reported in association with cystic
      fibrosis. We present the case of a 19-year-old nonatopic patient with cystic
      fibrosis who experienced erythema and vesicles in an area exposed to nickel.

PMID- 4017652
TI  - Combined surgical treatment of male pattern alopecia.
AB  - Loss of scalp hair, whether gradual or abrupt, can have devastating effects on a
      patient's self-image. Restoration of a positive self-image through improved
      appearance is a primary goal of all cosmetic surgery. Patient selection based on
      the type of alopecia and the real motivation for surgery is the first step in
      this metamorphosis.

PMID- 4017653
TI  - Anthralin cream as short contact therapy for psoriasis.
AB  - Anthralin is effective in the management of psoriasis. Because of frequent skin
      irritation, staining of skin and clothing, and patients' difficulty in using
      stiff paste and ointment preparations in traditional regimens, newer treatment
      protocols are being evaluated. We report a four-week study of twenty patients
      using an anthralin cream for thirty-minute short-contact therapy. Both 0.5
      percent and 1.0 percent anthralin concentrations were evaluated. We found that
      short contact therapy with the anthralin cream preparations was effective. In
      four weeks it resulted in the clearing of treated areas in more than one-third of
      the patients, and significant improvement in an additional 35 percent. Little
      difference in efficacy was noted between the 0.5 percent and 1.0 percent
      concentrations. Most patients found the treatment regimen cosmetically acceptable
      and experienced minimal problems with staining and skin irritation.

PMID- 4017654
TI  - Reiter's syndrome with nail involvement: is it psoriasis?

PMID- 4017655
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis.
AB  - Malignant histiocytosis, also known as histiocytic medullary reticulosis, is a
      rare neoplasm of malignant histiocytes. Clinical findings include fever, weight
      loss, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a
      rapidly worsening course. Approximately 7 percent of patients have skin
      manifestations early in the course of their disease. In these patients, diagnosis
      based on examination of a skin biopsy specimen may be crucial. A case of
      malignant histiocytosis is presented in which the diagnosis was first suggested
      by findings on the skin biopsy specimen.

PMID- 4017656
TI  - Needle aspiration for diagnosis of cellulitis.
AB  - Diagnosing the causative agent of bacterial cellulitis is difficult. Blood
      culturing and needle aspiration have been used: the former has an extremely low
      sensitivity, the yield of the latter ranges from 4 to 42 percent. A retrospective
      study was conducted to determine the diagnostic success of needle aspiration and
      culture of the leading edge of cellulitis with a 21 to 22 gauge syringe and
      conventional bacteriologic culture of blood in determining the agent that causes
      acute cellulitis. This agent was determined in 33 percent of patients by needle
      aspiration and in 4 percent using blood cultures.

PMID- 4017657
TI  - Hairy elbows.
AB  - Hairy elbows (hypertrichosis cubiti) represent an uncommon variety of localized
      hypertrichosis not associated with significant medical problems. This
      hypertrichosis occurs in young children and may occur sporadically or possibly be
      genetically determined. The process is of cosmetic concern alone, and reassuring
      the parents is the only therapy necessary.

PMID- 4017658
TI  - Pseudomelanoma in a black patient.
AB  - A worrisome lesion in a 62-year-old black man prompted a review of the
      differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions involving palmar skin.

PMID- 4017659
TI  - Zosteriform connective-tissue nevus.
AB  - Zosteriform connective-tissue nevus, because of its distribution and
      histopathologic characteristics, is considered to be a separate entity. The only
      previous case of zosteriform connective-tissue nevus to be reported in the
      American literature was in 1944. We report and discuss a similar case.

PMID- 4017660
TI  - Dermal leishmaniasis after kala-azar infection: successful treatment with
      rifampin.
AB  - A patient with dermal leishmaniasis subsequent to kala-azar was treated with
      sodium stibogluconate, but the condition did not improve. The patient was then
      treated with rifampin which has not been used to treat this condition in the
      past. All clinical features cleared spontaneously by six weeks. No overt disease
      was noted during the next three months. Rifampin can therefore be used to treat
      post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis when standard procedures are ineffective.

PMID- 4017661
TI  - Effects of maintaining normal plasma colloid osmotic pressure on renal function
      and excretion of sodium and water after major surgery. A randomized study.
AB  - A prospective, randomized study of patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery
      was undertaken to determine the effects of maintaining normal plasma colloid
      osmotic pressure (COPp) on postoperative renal function and excretion of water
      and electrolytes. Two groups of 13 patients were given whole blood transfusions
      to replace blood loss. One group (ALB) received 80 g albumin on the day of
      operation and 20 g albumin the following three days. The other group (NON-ALB)
      received no extra albumin. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change
      significantly from preoperative values on the first or fourth postoperative day
      in any of the groups. The differences between the groups were non-significant.
      COPp could not be correlated to either GFR or sodium or fluid balances.
      Postoperative sodium and water retention was found to depend on the amount of
      infused sodium. Unexplained fluid shifts to a "third space" did not occur.
      Administration of albumin in addition to quantitative blood loss replacement is
      unnecessary and expensive.

PMID- 4017662
TI  - Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. A review and a case.
AB  - An unconscious, 29-year-old woman was taken to hospital where, 28 hours after
      admission, she succumbed to an intractable shock. Autopsy disclosed a lymphocytic
      adenohypophysitis (LAH). Judged by experiments on animals and by antibody
      examinations in women during puerpera, LAH is probably an autoimmune disease
      belonging to a group of autoimmune endocrinopathies, from which one or more is
      seen with LAH. The description of the present case is accompanied by a
      description of the disease in eight cases, all women; in only one patient was the
      diagnosis not made by autopsy. The patients can be divided into two groups, one
      group consisting of postmenopausal women, another who all became ill
      approximately one year after giving birth. It is suggested that this
      histopathological diagnosis also has a clinical significance.

PMID- 4017663
TI  - Acute abdomen in rheumatoid arthritis due to mesenteric arteritis. A case report
      and review.
AB  - A 69-year-old woman with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis since the age of 54
      developed severe abdominal pain, and laparotomy was performed. Due to perforation
      of the ileum, there was generalised peritonitis. The histological examination
      showed mesenteric rheumatoid arteritis. Only a few cases like this are described
      in the literature. Most of the patients were males, and the mortality was high.
      When a patient with rheumatoid arthritis develops abdominal pain, mesenteric
      arteritis may be the cause. No definitive therapy is available, but prompt
      surgical intervention followed by anticoagulants has been recommended. For the
      treatment of rheumatoid vasculitis as such, corticosteroids in high doses,
      cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange have been used separately with beneficial
      effects.

PMID- 4017664
TI  - Transbronchial needle aspiration. Is it coming of age?

PMID- 4017665
TI  - Chest CT in the staging of lung cancer.

PMID- 4017666
TI  - Propafenone.

PMID- 4017667
TI  - Of wind and song.

PMID- 4017668
TI  - Ventilation-perfusion relationships in symptomatic asthma. Response to oxygen and
      clemastine.
AB  - Continuous distributions of ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) ratios were measured in
      ten subjects with moderately severe symptomatic asthma. Six of the subjects had
      only minimal VA/Q inequality (mean log SD of bloodflow 0.5) despite having
      airways obstruction similar to that in the four subjects with marked VA/Q
      inequality (mean log SD of bloodflow 1.0). The six patients with minimal VA/Q
      inequality developed marked widening of their VA/Q distributions while breathing
      100 percent oxygen (mean log SD bloodflow 1.1), and four of these patients
      maintained more modest widening after receiving an intravenous antihistamine,
      clemastine (mean log SD bloodflow 0.75). The four subjects with a wide control
      VA/Q distribution showed smaller changes while breathing pure oxygen and no
      change after receiving clemastine. FEV1 improved with clemastine treatment in the
      first four patients only. The results suggest that the majority of patients with
      moderately severe asthma have compensatory pulmonary vasoconstriction, causing
      better VA/Q matching which is responsive to hypoxia and, possibly, histamine. The
      data demonstrate a relationship between active compensatory vasoconstriction and
      airway sensitivity to antihistamine.

PMID- 4017669
TI  - Comparative effects of oral and inhaled verapamil on antigen-induced
      bronchoconstriction.
AB  - We investigated the comparative effects of oral and inhaled verapamil on specific
      airway conductance (SGaw) and allergic bronchial reactivity. Ten asymptomatic
      subjects with ragweed hypersensitivity and a history of bronchial asthma were
      studied on four different days, without and with pre-treatments by oral (160 mg)
      or inhaled (20 mg) verapamil. Bronchial reactivity was measured as the cumulative
      provocative dose of ragweed antigen which caused a 35 percent decrease in SGaw,
      ie PD35. The amount of inhaled verapamil actually deposited in the
      tracheobronchial tree was estimated to be 0.56 mg. Mean SGaw was not affected by
      either mode of administration; mean SGaw (SE) was 0.13(.02) and 0.12(.02) L/sec-1
      before and .14(.02) and 0.12(.02) L/sec-1 after oral and inhaled verapamil,
      respectively. Mean (SE) PD35 was reproducible on two control days, ie 0.9(.4) and
      0.8(.4) breath units, respectively. Inhaled verapamil increased mean PD35 to 18.8
      (10.8) breath units (p less than 0.02), while oral verapamil had no significant
      effect on mean PD35. This study demonstrates that route of administration of
      calcium antagonist verapamil is an important factor in protection against antigen
      induced bronchoconstriction. Inhalation of verapamil appears to be more effective
      than oral administration.

PMID- 4017671
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias during insertion and removal of pulmonary artery
      catheters.
AB  - The incidence and significance of the development of ventricular arrhythmias
      during insertion and removal of pulmonary artery monitoring catheters were
      determined in stable postcardiac surgical patients. Insertion of 173 (69 percent)
      of 250 catheters was associated with ventricular arrhythmias and removal in 158
      (63 percent) of these catheters (p greater than 0.05). All arrhythmias resolved
      spontaneously. Patients who underwent valve replacement showed significantly
      fewer arrhythmias during withdrawal than those who underwent a coronary artery
      bypass operation (p less than 0.025). Factors significantly influencing the
      incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during removal were increased postoperative
      CK-MB levels (p less than 0.025) and cardiac index (p less than 0.025).

PMID- 4017670
TI  - Minimal effect of alcohol ingestion on breathing during the sleep of
      postmenopausal women.
AB  - Eighteen asymptomatic postmenopausal women volunteered to ingest 2 ml of 100
      proof vodka per kg of body weight in orange juice on one night and a placebo on
      another. Overnight sleep monitoring was performed immediately thereafter. Alcohol
      ingestion caused reduction in total sleep time from 329 to 281 minutes and a
      decrease in rapid eye movement sleep. There was no difference from placebo in the
      number of episodes of apnea or hypopnea, or in the frequency, length, or severity
      of oxygen desaturation. In contrast to the effects of alcohol ingestion in men,
      the effects on breathing and oxygenation are minimal during the sleep of women if
      this amount of alcohol is ingested.

PMID- 4017672
TI  - Aerosol penetration and mucociliary transport in the healthy human lung. Effect
      of low serum theophylline levels.
AB  - The effect of theophylline on the penetration of an inhaled radioaerosol in the
      lung, bronchial clearance, and tracheal mucociliary transport rate (TMTR) was
      investigated in 13 healthy volunteers. Following a randomized, double-blind,
      crossover protocol, subjects ingested 4 mg/kg twice daily of theophylline or
      placebo for three days which resulted in stable, low therapeutic serum levels.
      Aerosol penetration, assessed by the skew of the initial distribution of lung
      radioactivity, was more peripheral (p less than 0.025) with theophylline,
      indicating bronchodilation that was not detectable by standard pulmonary function
      tests. The TMTR increased in ten of 13 subjects after theophylline, but not to a
      significant level. Bronchial clearance was not significantly different with
      theophylline despite the longer clearance pathway created by the increased
      peripheral aerosol deposition. This finding suggests that mucus transport rates
      in the intrapulmonary airways were increased by theophylline.

PMID- 4017673
TI  - Pulmonary function in singers and wind-instrument players.
AB  - Previous studies suggest that pulmonary function of singers and wind-instrument
      players may be better than normal control subjects due to breath-control
      training; however, prior studies were poorly controlled or limited in scope. In
      the present study, we compare 34 singers and 48 wind instrumentalists with a
      control group of 31 string or percussion instrumentalists using a pulmonary
      questionnaire, measurements of inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and
      spirometry. We found no significant difference between groups in maximum
      voluntary ventilation, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced
      vital capacity (FVC), mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the
      FVC, the FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory pressure, or peak inspiratory pressure,
      independently or when corrected for age, sex, height, weight, years performing,
      smoking, presence or absence of cough, or sputum production. Smoking correlated
      negatively with measurements of pulmonary function in all groups. There was
      evidence of a heightened awareness of health among singers, who exercised more
      and smoked less than their colleagues. The differences in health habits may
      account in part for the myth of improved pulmonary volumes among singers.

PMID- 4017674
TI  - Roentgenographic evaluation of mediastinal nodes for preoperative assessment in
      lung cancer.
AB  - Evaluation of mediastinal nodal metastases is a critical step in the assessment
      of potential surgical candidates with lung cancer. Mediastinal tomography (TOMO)
      and chest computerized tomography (CT) visualize the mediastinal nodes more
      clearly than a chest roentgenogram (CXR). A prospective study was undertaken to
      determine the clinical value of these three tests for mediastinal staging in 102
      surgical patients with lung cancer. All patients underwent thoracotomy and
      mediastinal nodal dissection. The roentgenographic findings were compared with
      the histologic evaluation of paratracheal, tracheobronchial angle, aortic window,
      subcarinal, and inferior pulmonary ligament nodes. TOMO, and especially CT,
      correctly predicted the size and location of mediastinal nodes; however, the
      overall accuracies were CXR (74 percent), TOMO (74 percent), CT (61 percent).
      These results demonstrated that the improvement in mediastinal imaging is
      counteracted by the fact that enlarged nodes need not contain metastases and
      normal-appearing small nodes may harbor microscopic disease. Computed tomography
      and TOMO had little clinical impact on the assessment of mediastinal nodes in
      potential surgical candidates with lung cancer.

PMID- 4017675
TI  - Electrophysiologic evaluation of phrenic nerves in severe respiratory
      insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation.
AB  - Diaphragmatic paralysis in patients with respiratory insufficiency compounds the
      problems in the management. In the presence of lower lobe atelectasis, pleural
      effusion, or a patient's poor respiratory effort, fluoroscopic examination is
      often not a reliable way to diagnose diaphragmatic paralysis. We observed that
      transcutaneous phrenic nerve stimulation in the neck and recording the
      diaphragmatic potentials from electrodes placed on the lower part of the chest is
      a simple, reliable, and noninvasive technique to diagnose diaphragmatic
      dysfunction at the bedside in critically ill patients. In 14 postoperative
      patients and one with cervical spinal cord injury with respiratory failure, we
      found ten patients who showed phrenic nerve dysfunction. Besides diagnostic
      utility, the electrophysiologic evaluation of phrenic-diaphragmatic function
      provides critical information needed for therapy.

PMID- 4017676
TI  - Experience with surgery for thymoma associated with pure red blood cell aplasia.
      Report of three cases.
AB  - We present three cases of thymoma associated with pure red blood cell aplasia in
      which thymomectomy and thymectomy were performed. Case 1, a patient with pure red
      blood cell aplasia and hypogammaglobulinemia, was treated after surgery with
      immunosuppressive agents. She did not show any remission and died eight months
      after the operation. Case 2, a patient with pure red blood cell aplasia alone,
      showed transient erythropoiesis only in the early post-operative period and died
      one year and seven months after the operation. Patient 3 had pure red blood cell
      aplasia alone before surgery and was treated after surgery with prednisolone and
      fluoxymesterone. He showed good remission from the aplasia after these
      treatments; however, myasthenia gravis appeared seven months after the operation.
      These results seem to show that such combined therapy as applied in case 3 may be
      effective for some of the patients with pure red blood cell aplasia and thymoma;
      however, the effects of thymomectomy or thymectomy (or both) are still
      controversial for the treatment of pure red blood cell aplasia.

PMID- 4017677
TI  - Respiratory manifestations in primary Sjogren's syndrome. A clinical, functional,
      and histologic study.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome were evaluated for
      respiratory manifestations using clinical, roentgenologic, functional, and in
      five cases, histologic criteria. Twenty seven patients (75 percent) had evidence
      of respiratory involvement, usually occurring early in the course of the disease.
      Diffuse interstitial lung disease was most common (25 percent) followed by small
      airways disease (22 percent), desiccation of upper respiratory tract (17 percent)
      and large airways obstruction (8 percent). There was no patient with pleural
      effusion. Transbronchial lung biopsy of five patients studied revealed
      interstitial pathology ranging from dense lymphocytic infiltrates to interstitial
      fibrosis. Roentgenologic evaluation was often suggestive of interstitial lung
      disease but did not correlate with functional or histologic findings.

PMID- 4017678
TI  - Subcutaneous calcifications masquerading as pulmonary lesions in long-term
      hemodialysis. Review of nodular pulmonary opacities in the population undergoing
      hemodialysis.
AB  - Calcification of soft tissue frequently occurs in patients undergoing
      hemodialysis for chronic renal failure and involves the arteries, eyes,
      periarticular regions, lungs, heart, abdominal viscera, subcutaneous tissues, and
      skin. In this report, two such patients are described who presented with apparent
      pulmonary nodules on their chest roentgenograms obtained on admission. By the use
      of tomograms and apical lordotic views, both proved to have extrapulmonary
      calcific deposits in the subcutaneous tissues overlying the upper pulmonary
      zones. The tendency for these collections to undergo progression, regression, or
      pseudocavitation is illustrated. Definitive radiographic localization of lesions
      projecting over the pulmonary fields in patients undergoing hemodialysis is
      emphasized because of the significantly increased incidence of infection
      (including tuberculosis), septic embolism, and carcinoma.

PMID- 4017679
TI  - Acute effects of oxygen treatment upon information processing in hypoxemic COPD
      patients.
AB  - The present study investigated the effects of oxygen therapy upon human
      information processing for hypoxemic COPD patients. Each of ten patients was
      admitted to a general clinical research center for a two-day period. In a
      randomly counter-balanced factorial design, patients breathed either room air or
      enriched oxygen for either six hours or 20 minutes prior to testing. The tests
      evaluated speed of information processing, ability to detect correct sequence of
      tones, and serial memory. In addition, patients were evaluated on critical
      flicker fusion and story recall. The results suggested that acute oxygen therapy
      does not reverse information processing deficits observed in hypoxemic COPD
      patients.

PMID- 4017680
TI  - Stenosis of main bronchi mimicking fixed upper airway obstruction in sarcoidosis.
AB  - An unusual site and cause of disabling inspiratory and expiratory airflow
      limitation mimicking fixed upper airway obstruction is reported in two patients
      with sarcoidosis who had stenosis of almost the entire lengths of both main
      bronchi. The observed flows were consistent with a cross sectional airway
      diameter of 3 mm. The lumen of the trachea and proximal airways was not
      compromised.

PMID- 4017681
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis. Implications for
      the dosing interval.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of tobramycin were evaluated in 15 patients (8 to 22 years
      of age) with cystic fibrosis (CF). A dose of 3.0 to 3.3 mg/kg of body weight was
      given intravenously over 20 minutes, and concentrations in serum were followed up
      to eight hours after initiation of the infusion. In the calculation of
      pharmacokinetic parameters, a two-compartment open model was used. The
      elimination half-life of the drug was highly inversely correlated with age (p
      less than 0.0004), and body weight (p less than 0.00002). Total body clearance
      (TBC), and volume of distribution at steady state (VDSS) were directly correlated
      with age and body weight. However, when TBC and VDSS were corrected for BSA, no
      correlation could be demonstrated. The mean one-hour and eight-hour serum
      concentrations of tobramycin were 5.40 and 0.45 microgram X ml-1, respectively.
      Between patients, considerable differences were found in the time after
      administration at which the serum concentration decreased below 1 microgram X ml
      1. This interpatient variation has clinical implications for tobramycin therapy
      in CF, in particular for the dosing interval.

PMID- 4017682
TI  - Lupus lung.
AB  - The morphologic findings from 18 autopsy lungs of systemic lupus erythematosus
      were studied. Each case revealed varying degrees of pleuropulmonary disease. A
      universal feature was visceral pleural thickening, while findings present in more
      than one half of the cases included pulmonary congestion (17/18) and edema
      (15/18), pleural adhesions (11/18) and pleural effusions (10/18) and
      intraalveolar hemorrhage (10/18). Also seen were bronchopneumonia (9/18),
      interstitial fibrosis (6/18), cytomegalovirus infection (3/18), interstitial
      pneumonitis (2/18), hyaline membranes (2/18), and acute vasculitis (1/18) and
      pleuritis (1/18). These results, together with those of previously reported
      studies of lupus lung, establish that although certain characteristic
      pleuropulmonary disease processes are frequently found at autopsy, none is a
      highly specific marker for the disease.

PMID- 4017683
TI  - Dyspnea, fever and miliary pattern.

PMID- 4017684
TI  - How to survive a case presentation.

PMID- 4017685
TI  - Outpatient dobutamine infusion using a totally implantable infusion pump for
      refractory congestive heart failure.
AB  - A patient with refractory congestive heart failure was treated, on an outpatient
      basis, with intermittent dobutamine using a totally implantable infusion pump.
      Dobutamine was infused for 48 hours every week and resulted in sustained clinical
      improvement. Symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure remained well
      controlled until his death from a stroke eight months after implantation of the
      pump.

PMID- 4017686
TI  - Hypoplastic coronary arteries and high takeoff position of the right coronary
      ostium. A fatal combination of congenital coronary artery anomalies in an amateur
      athlete.
AB  - This report describes a previously unrecognized combination of congenital
      coronary artery abnormalities in the heart of a 30-year-old amateur athlete who
      died suddenly during a basketball game. Both right and left circumflex coronary
      arteries were half of their normal length (hypoplastic) decreasing posterior
      ventricular myocardial perfusion. In addition, the right coronary ostium rose 5
      mm above the sinotubular junction (high takeoff position), which also contributed
      to decreased right coronary artery perfusion. This combination of congenital
      coronary arterial lesions should be added to the list of structural cardiac
      defects associated with exercise-related sudden death.

PMID- 4017687
TI  - Surgical management of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax during pregnancy.
AB  - We report three cases of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax associated with
      pregnancy. All three cases had apical bullectomies during their pregnancies.

PMID- 4017688
TI  - Acute mercury poisoning with severe chronic pulmonary manifestations.
AB  - This report describes a patient who developed acute chemical pneumonitis
      following overexposure to metal mercury vapor. The exposure occurred in a gold
      extraction facility where a gold-mercury amalgam was heated in a confined area.
      Prompt treatment with penicillamine and corticosteroids was instituted;
      radiologic pulmonary infiltrates disappeared within a week, but there was little
      change in the pulmonary function abnormalities (restriction and diffusion
      impairment) over the period of 11 months of follow-up. This raises the
      possibility of persistent pulmonary function impairment after metal mercury vapor
      induced chemical pneumonitis.

PMID- 4017689
TI  - Polymyositic heart disease.
AB  - There is an apparent correlation between the severity and duration of skeletal
      muscle involvement, cardiac manifestations and the extent of conduction system
      disease in polymyositis. Cardiac involvement during the course of polymyositis
      has been recognized as one of the typical features of skeletal muscle myositis.
      We report a patient with polymyositis in whom bifascicular block, prolonged P-R
      interval and congestive heart failure appeared three years before any clinical or
      laboratory evidence of active skeletal muscle myositis. To the best of our
      knowledge, this is the first report of polymyositis where cardiac manifestations
      preceded those of skeletal muscle myositis.

PMID- 4017690
TI  - Pulmonary A-V communications in COPD.

PMID- 4017691
TI  - Rounded atelectasis or pleuroma?

PMID- 4017692
TI  - Psyllium--a gum, not a protein.

PMID- 4017693
TI  - Correction. Respiratory drive in non-smokers and smokers assessed by passive tilt
      and mouth occlusion pressure.

PMID- 4017694
TI  - Intracranial metastases in the initial staging of bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 4017696
TI  - Radiotherapy alone for "nonoperability"?

PMID- 4017695
TI  - Accuracy of 99mTc gated blood pool imaging.

PMID- 4017697
TI  - Recent advances in the management of obstructive airways disease. Auxiliary MDI
      aerosol delivery systems.
AB  - Aerosol delivered through metered-dose inhalers (MDI) offers a potentially
      convenient way to deliver bronchodilator agents and corticosteroids to the lungs
      of patients with asthma and COPD. Unfortunately, most patients are unable to
      coordinate satisfactorily their actuation with inhalation, a problem overcome by
      using auxiliary MDI aerosol delivery systems. Left to their own judgment,
      patients often inhale the aerosol with a high inspiratory flow rather than slowly
      to produce optimal aerosol deposition within the airways. This problem has been
      corrected by one of the auxiliary MDI aerosol delivery systems (InspirEase)
      through auditory, visual, and tactile feedback mechanisms. MDI devices release
      aerosol at a high jet velocity in large particle sizes, depositing most of the
      aerosol in the oropharynx which can lead to potential systemic absorption of
      adrenergic agonists with CNS and cardiovascular side effects, oral thrush, and
      suppression of adrenocortical activity. All the auxiliary MDI aerosol systems
      promote delivery of small aerosol particles and markedly diminish oropharyngeal
      impaction. Of all the systems, only InspirEase provides volume and flow feedback
      controls to ensure an optimal inhalation maneuver. Auxiliary MDI aerosol systems
      should always be used for aerosolized corticosteroid administration because they
      minimize oropharyngeal deposition and improve aerosol delivery efficiency.

PMID- 4017698
TI  - Recent advances in the management of obstructive airways disease. Miami, Florida,
      February 1-2, 1985.

PMID- 4017699
TI  - The objective measurement of breathlessness.
AB  - Both direct and indirect psychophysical methods can be used to measure
      breathlessness. With indirect methods, detection thresholds can be defined.
      Direct methods are easier to apply and give more information than indirect
      methods. Direct methods include interval (partition) and ratio scales, which are
      easy to apply; both have advantages and disadvantages. The selection of scale
      depends largely on the question addressed. For comparison across individuals or
      for the measurement of absolute magnitude (however imprecise), simple category
      scales are adequate and useful. Open magnitude scaling is best used to define the
      stimulus parameters influencing perceptual magnitude. Comparison across groups or
      individuals using exponents as an index of perceptual sensitivity should be
      interpreted with caution. Where possible, alternative methods should be used to
      validate differences found. The age-old bias against sensory measurement may be
      in part our inability to understand the sensory mechanisms and have little to do
      with the validity of the measurements.

PMID- 4017700
TI  - Back to basics in health care for foster children.

PMID- 4017701
TI  - Healing and the arts.

PMID- 4017702
TI  - Keeping troubled teens at home.

PMID- 4017703
TI  - In a different light: a feminist perspective on the role of mothers in father
      daughter incest.

PMID- 4017705
TI  - Are girls different? Gender discrepancies between delinquent behavior and
      control.

PMID- 4017704
TI  - Feminist issues in teenage parenting.

PMID- 4017706
TI  - Treating abusive parents.

PMID- 4017707
TI  - Caring for abused preschoolers.

PMID- 4017708
TI  - Group home failures in juvenile justice: the next step.
AB  - The author demonstrates that young people who fail in open group homes for status
      offenders often receive the secure placements that deinstitutionalization was
      designed to avoid, and that funding regulations may encourage group homes to
      avoid working with the most difficult youths.

PMID- 4017709
TI  - Court orders and custody evaluations in Israel.
AB  - Seven categories of concern entered into custody judgments--continuity, emotional
      welfare, support systems, children's wishes, parental agreement, caretaking, and
      child abuse. The literature points to the first four categories and caretaking as
      vital considerations for children's best interests. Beyond these findings,
      visiting rights were granted in all cases for the noncustodial parent, the family
      was always seen together, and the children were involved in discussion in the
      majority of cases. It is hoped that this study of social work practice in one
      country will add insight into the complex issue of custody and aid in the
      improvement of care for all children.

PMID- 4017711
TI  - A parent aide program: record keeping, outcomes, and costs.
AB  - As the use of parent aides grows, it is important that plans for developing and
      administering the services be carefully drawn to enhance the service. The record
      keeping system described here evolved in direct response to program objectives
      and has helped maintain those objectives. It should be emphasized that although
      the procedures involved appear time consuming and perhaps troublesome, they play
      an important part in saving program time overall and making an effective service
      available to as many clients as possible. When the costs of parent aides are
      compared with those of other services, the results show that the time-limited,
      goal-oriented focus of this program allows effective services to be delivered
      economically.

PMID- 4017710
TI  - Child sexual abuse prevention: does it work?
AB  - Child sexual abuse prevention programs designed to teach children ways to
      recognize, resist, and report sexual abuse have proliferated in the past five
      years. The authors evaluate one such program to find out what children know
      before instruction, if they learn how to prevent sexual abuse, and how they and
      their parents and professionals who work with children react to such a program.

PMID- 4017712
TI  - Adapting Multiple Impact Therapy for day treatment intake.
AB  - Presented here is a shortened version of Multiple Impact Therapy, intended
      primarily for pre-intake evaluation for a day treatment program for emotionally
      disturbed children.

PMID- 4017713
TI  - [Fascial compartment syndromes in the upper limb].

PMID- 4017714
TI  - [Imaging of Dupuytren's disease with a scanning electron microscope].

PMID- 4017715
TI  - [Rare radiological symptoms of primary spinal stenosis].

PMID- 4017716
TI  - [Results of treatment of spinal fractures by the method of spring alloplasty
      depending on the mechanisms of injury].

PMID- 4017717
TI  - [Risk factors in the development of secondary coxarthrosis].

PMID- 4017718
TI  - [A case of functionally treated osteochondrosis dissecans of the hip joints].

PMID- 4017719
TI  - [Bilateral alloplasty of hip joints in the treatment of coxarthrosis].

PMID- 4017720
TI  - [Derotation osteotomy of the humerus in the treatment of perinatal paralysis of
      the Duchenne-Erb type].

PMID- 4017721
TI  - [Open dislocations of the ankle joint and peritalar dislocations].

PMID- 4017722
TI  - [Preoperative risk factors in wound healing after surgery of the locomotor system
      in relation to surgical patients].

PMID- 4017724
TI  - [An attempt at using controlled therapeutic hemodilution in non-healing wounds
      and bedsores].

PMID- 4017723
TI  - [Phagocytic and bactericidal capacity of granulocytes of peripheral blood in
      patients with chronic post-traumatic osteitis after treatment with staphylococcal
      anatoxin].

PMID- 4017725
TI  - [Multifocal injuries of bones in our cases and their treatment].

PMID- 4017726
TI  - [Reconstruction of the humeral shaft in children with anatomical resection of
      cystoid changes with simultaneous implant of autologous fibula].

PMID- 4017727
TI  - [Surgical abdomen in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

PMID- 4017728
TI  - [Eosinophilic cystitis. 2 cases].

PMID- 4017729
TI  - [Iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus. Analysis of 27 cases].

PMID- 4017730
TI  - [Cystic dilatation of the common bile duct. 4 cases, 2 with degeneration].

PMID- 4017731
TI  - [Bilateral wrist fractures].

PMID- 4017732
TI  - [AS 800: an artificial sphincter for postoperative incontinence in men].

PMID- 4017733
TI  - [Esophagotracheal fistulas after respiratory intensive care. Apropos of 19
      cases].

PMID- 4017734
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Anatomo-pathological evaluation. 330
      bilateral iliac lymphadenectomies].

PMID- 4017735
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemia and ovulatory dysfunction].

PMID- 4017736
TI  - [Polycystic ovarian syndrome treated with Chinese traditional medicine; analysis
      of 117 cases].

PMID- 4017737
TI  - [Analysis of 91 cases of cervical endometriosis].

PMID- 4017738
TI  - [Long-term follow-up study of endometrial cancer].

PMID- 4017739
TI  - [Endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptors in women wearing intrauterine
      contraceptive devices].

PMID- 4017740
TI  - [G-banded chromosomes of cord blood in newborn infants].

PMID- 4017741
TI  - [Graphicostatistical analysis of 150 cases of the fetus in occipito-posterior
      position].

PMID- 4017742
TI  - [Uterine anomalies complicating pregnancy; report of 77 cases].

PMID- 4017743
TI  - [Neonatal intracranial haemorrhage and causal analysis of the diagnostic errors;
      autopsies of 46 cases].

PMID- 4017744
TI  - [Collective review of 14 cases of rare congenital malformations].

PMID- 4017745
TI  - Caffeine induces sister-chromatid exchanges during the whole S-phase of the cell
      cycle.
AB  - The capacity of caffeine to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in different
      cell cycle stages and the proliferation kinetics were studied. Continuous
      treatment with this xanthine during the whole second cycle significantly
      increased the baseline SCE frequency. Pulse-treatment experiments showed that the
      induction of SCEs by caffeine, which was dose-dependent, was restricted to the S
      phase of the cell cycle without effect on G1 or G2 cells. Moreover, unlike other
      SCE-inducing agents, such as DNA-synthesis inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents,
      caffeine produced similar SCE increases in cells treated at different times
      throughout the S-phase. In the light of Painter's model for SCE formation and the
      known effects of caffeine on the DNA replication pattern, the most likely
      mechanism of SCE induction by caffeine is an increase in the number of DNA
      replication sites.

PMID- 4017746
TI  - Strand breaks arising from the repair of the 5-bromodeoxyuridine-substituted
      template and methyl methanesulphonate-induced lesions can explain the formation
      of sister chromatid exchanges.
AB  - 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) are mainly
      determined during replication on a BrdU-substituted template. The BrdU, once
      incorporated, is rapidly excised as uracil (U), and the gap is repaired with the
      incorporation of BrdU from the medium, which leads to further repair. During the
      second S period in BrdU medium, this process continues as the strand acts as
      template. Experiments suggest that 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) delays the ligation of
      the gaps formed after U excision, resulting in enhanced SCE levels during the
      second cycle of BrdU incorporation. When normal templates of G1 cells are treated
      before BrdU introduction with methyl methanesulphonate (MMS), 3AB in the first
      cycle doubles the MMS-induced SCEs but has no effect on them during the second
      cycle. When the BrdU-substituted template is treated with MMS in G1 of the second
      cycle, 3AB again doubles the SCEs due to MMS and also enhances the SCEs resulting
      from delays in ligation of the gaps following U excision in the BrdU-substituted
      template. The repair processes of MMS lesions that are sensitive to 3AB and lead
      to SCEs take place rapidly, while the repair process of late repairing lesions
      that lead to SCEs appear to be insensitive to 3AB. A model for SCE induction is
      proposed involving a single-strand break or gap as the initial requirement for
      SCE initiation at the replicating fork. Subsequent events represent natural
      stages in the repair process of a lesion, ensuring replication without loss of
      genetic information.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4017748
TI  - [Value of echocardiogram-measured right ventricular systolic time intervals in
      the assessment of pulmonary hemodynamics].

PMID- 4017747
TI  - Mass characteristics of DNA obtained from chromosomes of a human carcinoma cell
      line.
AB  - Sedimentation studies of DNA from chromosomes extracted from human mitotic cells
      showed that high-molecular-weight DNA can be obtained if cell hypotonic
      treatments and prolonged metaphase blocks are avoided. Two types of large double
      stranded DNA were observed. One of these (Mr = 2.5 X 10(8)) appeared as a size
      class with characteristics reminiscent of the chromosomal DNA subunit hypothesis.
      However, this DNA is the decay product of larger molecules, whose minimum
      molecular weight is 6 X 10(8).

PMID- 4017749
TI  - [Electrophysiologic effect of intravenous amiodarone on patients with paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardia].

PMID- 4017750
TI  - [Renal tubular function changes in lupus nephritis].

PMID- 4017751
TI  - [Determination of urinary bradykinin in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 4017752
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome with pulmonary manifestations: 47 case reports].

PMID- 4017753
TI  - [53 cases of brain stem encephalitis].

PMID- 4017754
TI  - [Mirror writing].

PMID- 4017755
TI  - [Allergic encephalopathy in scleroderma: a case report].

PMID- 4017756
TI  - [Socio-familial participation in the prevention and treatment of psychotic
      disorders: a pilot study in Haidian District of Beijing].

PMID- 4017757
TI  - [Psychological test of overinclusion in relatives of the immediate family of
      schizophrenics].

PMID- 4017758
TI  - [575 cases of suicidal behavior by taking poison].

PMID- 4017759
TI  - [Psychotic symptoms in 122 cases of affective psychosis].

PMID- 4017760
TI  - [Catatonia and mania: report of a case].

PMID- 4017761
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid cells as seen under transmission electron microscopy].

PMID- 4017762
TI  - [Spectrographic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid in cerebrovascular diseases].

PMID- 4017763
TI  - [Changes in serial cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin parameters in acute
      cerebrovascular diseases].

PMID- 4017764
TI  - [Effect of functional and angiogenic headache on nailfold microcirculation].

PMID- 4017765
TI  - [Multiple primary malignant lesions in colorectal carcinoma].

PMID- 4017766
TI  - [Intestinal obstruction due to old peritoneal tuberculosis].

PMID- 4017767
TI  - [Transabdominal resection of rectal cancer with preservation of the anus and pull
      through of the colon].

PMID- 4017768
TI  - [Vascular variations encountered during toe transplantation and its management].

PMID- 4017769
TI  - [Study and use of the spinal column scale].

PMID- 4017770
TI  - [X-ray observations on anterior drawer test in rupture of the lateral ligament of
      the ankle].

PMID- 4017771
TI  - [Impaction-osteotomy in the treatment of genu varum and genu valgum].

PMID- 4017772
TI  - [Tibia vara: report of 12 cases].

PMID- 4017773
TI  - [Serum potassium changes following cardiopulmonary bypass in children].

PMID- 4017774
TI  - [Fractures of the first or second rib in chest injuries: report of 97 cases].

PMID- 4017775
TI  - [Operative management of esophageal perforations].

PMID- 4017776
TI  - [Repair of a scarring alopecia defect with a single-pedicled scalp flap].

PMID- 4017777
TI  - [Hymenal fimbria: report of 31 cases].

PMID- 4017778
TI  - [Biologic and morphologic characteristics of the BCaP-37 human breast cancer cell
      line].

PMID- 4017779
TI  - [Anti-infectious function of the rabbit spleen].

PMID- 4017780
TI  - [Evaluation of deep venous thrombosis of the legs: clinical observations on the
      relation to manifestations].

PMID- 4017781
TI  - [Merthiolate-preserved homografts for arterial transplantation: surgery and long
      term results].

PMID- 4017782
TI  - [Analysis of trace elements in the hair in patients with biliary stones].

PMID- 4017783
TI  - [Metronidazole protects the appendectomy wound from infection].

PMID- 4017784
TI  - [Macrophages in giant cell tumors of bones].

PMID- 4017785
TI  - [Arterial blood gas analyses in patients with high cervical cord injuries].

PMID- 4017786
TI  - [Changes in urinary hydroxyproline in fractures].

PMID- 4017787
TI  - [Humeral fractures complicated by radial nerve injuries: report of 31 cases].

PMID- 4017788
TI  - [Treatment of lower urinary tract and pelvic malignancies by the transcatheter
      chemotherapy of the gluteus inferior artery and by embolization of the internal
      iliac artery].

PMID- 4017789
TI  - [Control of massive non-traumatic urological hemorrhage by transcatheter arterial
      embolization].

PMID- 4017790
TI  - [Anatomy of the pancreatic artery].

PMID- 4017791
TI  - [Experimental study on the effect of myelotomy in acute spinal cord injuries].

PMID- 4017792
TI  - [Culture of human epidermal cells and preliminary trials on covering wounds].

PMID- 4017793
TI  - Differential of light-scattering detection in an arc-lamp-based epi-illumination
      flow cytometer.
AB  - Light-scattering histograms of blood cell suspensions were recorded for various
      ranges of scattering angles by means of an arc-lamp-based flow cytometer (AL
      FCM). The results were compared with those obtained with a conventional, laser
      based flow cytometer (L-FCM) with forward scattering (2-20 degrees) and
      scattering at right angles. Measuring with the AL-FCM in the angle range upward
      from 13 degrees, the relative light-scattering intensities of lymphocytes,
      monocytes, and granulocytes were essentially independent of scattering angle and
      closely similar to the values measured as right-angle scattering in the L-FCM.
      With a range of scattering angles upward from 2 degrees the AL-FCM yielded
      histograms similar although not identical to that of the forward-scattering
      detector in the L-FCM. Differentiation between live and dead cells in this mode
      of operation was similar in the two instruments.

PMID- 4017794
TI  - Dual laser flow cytometry: focal length compensation when focussing through a
      single lens.
AB  - Dual laser operation of flow cytometers, using a single focussing lens for both
      beams, requires compensating for chromatic aberration of the lens. By using a
      prefocussing lens at a fixed position in one of the laser beams, complete focal
      length compensation is obtained without any loss in system performance.

PMID- 4017795
TI  - The LLNL high-speed sorter: design features, operational characteristics, and
      biological utility.
AB  - This report describes a dual-beam, high-speed sorter (HiSS) with a droplet
      production rate of 220,000 s-1 now in routine use at the Lawrence Livermore
      National Laboratory. The system can process and sort objects at rates in excess
      of 20,000 s-1. We report here on the development of HiSS, describe its
      operational characteristics, and evaluate its utility for analysis and
      purification of human chromosomes, human erythrocytes, and living Chinese hamster
      ovary cells.

PMID- 4017796
TI  - Automated identification of subpopulations in flow cytometric list mode data
      using cluster analysis.
AB  - The application of K-means (ISODATA) cluster analysis to flow cytometric data is
      described. The results of analyses of flow cytometric data for mixtures of
      fluorescent microspheres and samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells are
      presented. A method for simultaneously displaying list mode data for any number
      of parameters, which had previously been applied to a continuous set of
      parameters such as multi-angle light scattering data, is used to present the
      results of cluster analysis on physically unrelated parameters; this method
      allows rapid evaluation of the success of subpopulation identification. The
      factors that influence automated identification of subpopulations are examined,
      and methods for determining optimal values for these factors are described.

PMID- 4017797
TI  - Flow cytometric determination of circulating immune complexes with the indirect
      granulocyte phagocytosis test.
AB  - A method for the determination of circulating immune complexes (CIC) was adapted
      for flow cytometric analysis. Human granulocytes were used to phagocytose IgG
      bearing CIC of serum from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. A method
      for labeling the phagocytosed CIC with FITC-conjugated anti-human IgG was
      developed where the granulocytes remain in suspension during fixation and
      labeling. The fluorescence per cell, measured with a flow cytometer, is a measure
      of the total amount of the phagocytosed IgG. The results indicate that a rapid
      and quantitative method for the detection and measurement of phagocytosed CIC is
      possible using the flow cytometer.

PMID- 4017798
TI  - DNA analysis and sorting of rat testis cells using two-parameter flow cytometry.
AB  - By use of two-parameter flow cytometry of rat testis cell suspensions stained
      with mithramycin for DNA (the peak amplitude of the fluorescence signal versus
      total fluorescence intensity integrated over time), eight cell compartments could
      be distinguished without pre-enrichment of the samples. Cells in these
      compartments were identified by sorting and subsequent microscopic examination.

PMID- 4017799
TI  - Application of DNA flow cytometry to paraffin-embedded archival material for the
      study of aneuploidy and its clinical significance.
AB  - By using a recently developed flow cytometric method we have analyzed cellular
      DNA content of paraffin-embedded histological material from cancer patients. This
      method allows the retrospective study of tumors from patients whose clinical
      outcome is already known, and we have applied it to ovarian cancers, stage II
      breast cancers, and to metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site. In
      addition to knowledge of patient survival, comprehensive information was
      available about other prognostic determinants and treatment received, and we have
      used multivariate analysis in an attempt to determine the prognostic significance
      of cellular DNA content. In ovarian cancer, it is a major prognostic variable
      except in stage IV disease, whereas in metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown
      primary site cellular DNA content has no influence on survival. For stage II
      breast cancer the situation is more complex and requires larger numbers to be
      studied. However, aneuploid tumors tend to have more extensive involvement of
      axillary lymph nodes and a poorer overall disease-free survival. This influence
      of DNA content on disease-free survival appears to be confined to premenopausal
      patients, and has no effect on patient survival following disease recurrence.
      Although we need to study more patients and more tumor types, taken together the
      results so far show a generally more favorable prognosis for patients with
      diploid tumors, except in the presence of recurrent or metastatic disease. The
      better prognosis associated with diploid tumors could be due to the fact that
      they are more commonly found in earlier clinical stages rather than to their
      being inherently less aggressive than aneuploid tumors.

PMID- 4017800
TI  - Short-term cryopreservation of human breast carcinoma cells for flow cytometry.
AB  - A procedure is described for short-term cryopreservation of primary human tumor
      cells and tissue slices for later analysis by flow cytometry. Cells were
      mechanically dispersed into a freezing medium, which was then frozen at either 
      20 degrees C or -70 degrees C for delayed cell cycle analysis. The results show
      that a correlation coefficient of greater than 0.95 exists between cell cycle
      kinetic analyses performed immediately after surgical excision of the tumor and
      on cells frozen from 1 to 30 days at -70 degrees C in this freezing solution.
      Somewhat lower levels of correlation exist for cells frozen at -20 degrees C in
      this freezing medium. This procedure has also been successfully used to preserve
      freshly isolated breast carcinoma cells shipped from distant laboratories for
      analysis in the flow cytometer, thus expanding the data base on certain types of
      breast carcinoma.

PMID- 4017801
TI  - Cell kinetics in normal and neoplastic mammary tissues by flow cytometric
      analyses.
AB  - The cell cycle kinetics of normal mammary tissue and cancer mammary tissues were
      studied by flow cytometry to determine the effect of estrogen and progesterone
      and antiestrogens on proliferative activity. The proliferative activity was
      higher in rat mammary tissue during the estrus and pregnant stages compared to
      the nonestrus or lactational stages. Upon 5 days administration of estrogen and
      progesterone to the lactating animal, the low proliferative activity was
      increased to the values found in the pregnant stage. Steroidal effect on
      proliferative activity was also shown using organ cultures of normal rat tissues
      and the increase in proliferative activity can be reversed by the addition of 10(
      6) M retinoic acid but not by retinyl acetate. In a human mammary tumor cell line
      (MCF-7), the cell kinetic activity was significantly depressed by antiestrogens
      (i.e., tamoxifen) as determined by both flow cytometry and tritiated thymidine
      uptake studies. Finally, a human tumor model system was developed with the MCF-7
      cell line in estrogenized nude mice. Flow cytometry of the resulting tumor
      indicates a tetraploid tumor similar to the cell culture. Cell kinetic analysis
      of these nude mice tumor cells demonstrates the high proliferative activity of
      the estrogenized animals compared to the tamoxifen-treated animals. In
      conclusion, the use of flow cytometry to rapidly measure cell kinetic activity of
      mammary tissue has been demonstrated. The effects of estrogen or estrogen and
      progesterone hormones seem to increase the proliferative activity, while
      antiestrogens decrease this activity. Findings are observed in both in vivo and
      in vitro conditions or normal tissues, mammary cancer tissue, and cultured cells.

PMID- 4017802
TI  - Automated analysis and survival selection of anchorage-dependent cells under
      normal growth conditions.
AB  - An instrument is described that can automatically analyze and select for a
      subpopulation of anchorage-dependent cells in tissue culture. Cells that label
      with fluorescently tagged antibodies or demonstrate structural variations are
      saved from exposure to a destructive high-intensity argon laser beam. The
      surviving population may then be cloned. The cell selection may occur in a tissue
      culture plate or in a microflow incubator which is designed to maintain a
      constant flow of media at 37 degrees C across cells growing on a glass coverslip.
      This incubator sits on an inverted microscope which focuses the laser beam to a
      diameter as small as 1 micron. A high-speed computer-controlled two-dimensional
      stage moves the cells past the beam for analysis, the results of which determine
      the fate of each cell: whether it is to be destroyed by radiant energy or
      selected for survival and subsequent proliferation. Another selection strategy
      performed by the instrument involves growing the cells on a thin, blackened
      polyester film which can be cut by the argon laser beam. Cells selected for
      cloning are then circumscribed. The heat of cutting welds the circumscribed film
      to a plastic coverslip surface or tissue culture chamber bottom. Nonselected
      cells may be removed by pulling the unattached polyester sheet from the
      attachment surface. The selected cells remain on polyester film disks welded to
      the plastic. Selections may be done automatically under computer control or
      manually by operator direction of stage movements. This instrument extends the
      art of automated cell selection and analysis to normal cell lines that must
      maintain cell-substratum contact (anchorage dependence) for differentiated cell
      function, e.g., neurons, fibroblasts, or kidney cells.

PMID- 4017803
TI  - Estimation of nonproliferating cells in the neural retina of embryonic chicks by
      flow cytometry.
AB  - Nonproliferating cells (N cells) in the neural retina of embryonic chicks were
      estimated after isolating them in the 2C peak of a DNA distribution by exposure
      to the cell-cycle inhibitor ICRF 159. ICRF 159 inhibits cell division but not DNA
      synthesis, so proliferating cells can leave the 2C peak but not reenter it. Cells
      left in the 2C peak after exposure to ICRF 159 were assumed to be N cells. The
      effectiveness of ICRF 159 in inhibiting cell division but not inhibiting DNA
      synthesis was demonstrated in neural retinae from stage 17 embryos which showed
      no evidence of a 2C peak after 6-h exposure to ICRF 159 and which were thus shown
      to have no N cells. A test to detect escape from the cell division block in older
      embryos with an N cell population in the neural retina showed some escape after
      longer exposures to ICRF 159. The escape was suppressed by a second dose of ICRF
      159, given some hours after the first.

PMID- 4017804
TI  - Tuning meter can replace oscilloscope for flow cytometer alignment.

PMID- 4017805
TI  - Active analog pipeline delays for high signal rates in multistation flow
      cytometers.
AB  - Flow cytometers with sequential measuring stations require alignment of event
      timing information to assure that multiparameter data for each cell are properly
      correlated. Information from the first detector must be delayed until signals are
      produced at the last detector, with adjustments to align them in time for
      simultaneous digitization after the last measurement is completed. By using an
      analog "pipeline" delay, the deadtime between the first and last measuring
      stations can be minimized. The described device is capable of acquiring and
      propagating many signals within the delay period, with good fidelity at high
      signal rates. An integrated circuit charge-coupled device (CCD), which is an
      analog shift register, is shown to be useful as a signal delay in the time range
      from 22 microseconds to several milliseconds.

PMID- 4017806
TI  - Is prophylactic abdominal irrigation with polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVPI)
      safe?
AB  - In order to investigate the safety of abdominal irrigation with
      polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVPI), the abdominal cavities of normal rats were
      irrigated with the highest nonlethal dose. Samples of the peritoneal fluid were
      taken before and 1, 2, and 4 hours after irrigations. Control studies were done
      with saline. After irrigation with PVPI, the protein concentration in the
      peritoneal fluid showed a 40-fold increase, compared with only a doubling after
      saline irrigations. Irrigation with PVPI causes serious peritoneal damage, and
      should therefore not be performed as a prophylactic procedure.

PMID- 4017807
TI  - A biofragmentable ring for sutureless bowel anastomosis. An experimental study.
AB  - A biofragmentable bowel anastomosis ring (BAR) for sutureless intestinal
      anastomosis is described with the laboratory results comparing the BAR to sutured
      and stapled anastomoses. There was equivalent healing with all three methods of
      anastomosis. However, "burst" pressure was highest at day zero and overall
      necrosis was least with the BAR. By virtue of these findings and being
      sutureless, it is hoped that the limits of safe bowel anastomosis can be
      extended.

PMID- 4017808
TI  - Comparison of cleansing methods in preparation for colonic surgery.
AB  - Golytely, an oral gut lavage solution, was compared with a standard bowel
      cleansing preparation in patients undergoing elective colonic surgery. Sixty
      patients were randomly assigned to either a one-day preparation with Golytely and
      bisacodyl or a standard method using a three-day clear liquid diet, cathartics,
      and enemas. Colon cleansing was better with Golytely (100 percent optimal
      cleansing vs. 64 percent, P less than 0.05). Patients receiving Golytely had less
      weight loss and found this preparation more tolerable. Quantitative stool
      cultures before and after preparation and intraoperatively were not significantly
      different between the two preparations. In this surgical bowel preparation study,
      Golytely and Bisacodyl were found to be safe, rapid, and effective. The
      preparation was well tolerated by patients and has become our preferred method of
      colonic cleansing.

PMID- 4017809
TI  - Mucosal advancement in the treatment of anal fistula.
AB  - One hundred eighty-nine patients with anal fistula treated within an eight-month
      to seven-year period by anal fistulectomy and rectal mucosal advancement are
      presented. An 80 percent follow-up revealed a 90 percent asymptomatic group and a
      ten percent group who had minor symptoms. Eight percent of the symptomatic
      patients had minor soiling; 7 percent were incontinent for gas, and 6 percent
      were incontinent for loose stools. No patient was incontinent for solid feces.
      There was a 1.5 percent rate of recurrent anal fistula comparable to other
      techniques.

PMID- 4017810
TI  - Endoscopy of the terminal ileum. Diagnostic yield in 400 consecutive
      examinations.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility and diagnostic
      yield of ileoscopy as an extension of total colonoscopy. The distal 15 to 40 cm
      of the terminal ileum were visualized in 400 of 555 consecutive patients
      submitted to total colonoscopy (72 percent). Intubation of the terminal ileum was
      not successful in 42 patients (8 percent), not tried in 63 (11 percent), and
      hampered by inadequate colonic cleansing in 50 (9 percent). We observed 13
      patients with terminal ileitis and seven rare findings such as nonspecific ileal
      ulcer or non-Meckelian diverticulum, etc., adding to a total of 20 pathologic
      findings in 400 examinations (5 percent). In a further group of 98 patients,
      useful diagnostic information was gained by the demonstration of normal ileal
      findings, making ileoscopy clinically valuable in 118 of 400 examinations (29.5
      percent) in this series. We suggest routine endoscopy of the terminal ileum in
      all patients with suspected or established inflammatory bowel disease and/or
      persistent diarrhea, lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding, or irritable bowel
      syndrome, in whom the diagnostic procedure includes colonoscopy. In patients with
      colorectal tumors or polyps, the diagnostic yield will be unrewarding.

PMID- 4017811
TI  - Reflux from the continent ileostomy reservoir. A radiologic evaluation combined
      with pressure recording.
AB  - The reflux from the continent ileostomy reservoir was studied with radiologic and
      pressure recording techniques in ten patients. The contrast used was poly-iodine
      styrene with a density of 0.8 to 1.1 gm/cm3. Reflux into the afferent loop was
      demonstrated in all patients at a filling volume of approximately 30 percent of
      the maximal volume capacity of the reservoir. The magnitude of reflux increased
      with the increasing volume of the reservoir contents and a rise in reservoir
      pressure. The reflux could temporarily be influenced by antiperistaltic or
      isoperistaltic motor activity in the afferent loop. Although no adverse effects
      were seen from the amount of reflux demonstrated in the present investigation,
      the finding of increasing reflux with increased fullness and intraluminal
      pressure of the reservoir would indicate that the reservoir should be emptied at
      regular intervals and before high pressures are built up.

PMID- 4017812
TI  - A reconstructive operation on malfunctioning S-shaped pelvic reservoirs.
AB  - Patients with triple-loop pelvic reservoirs have often suffered from evacuation
      problems, clinically shown as the need for intubation, frequent stooling, leakage
      or ileoanal disruptions. In a recent study, the authors have shown that
      malposition of the reservoir and presence of a long, kinked, efferent limb
      constitute the main causes of these problems. A corrective operation consequently
      was designed in order to improve pouch topography. The pouch and its efferent
      conduit were completely mobilized and the efferent limb was shortened
      considerably. The reservoir then was placed in close proximity to the anus and
      the ileoanal anastomosis was reestablished. This operation now has been performed
      in seven patients who were considered "failures" and the results are gratifying.
      Six of these patients now have efficient evacuation and four are completely
      without leakage. Comparison of pre- and postoperative clinical and radiologic
      variables confirm the strong correlation between reservoir topography and
      clinical outcome.

PMID- 4017813
TI  - Strictureplasty in diffuse Crohn's jejunoileitis.
AB  - Strictureplasty recently has been advocated in the treatment of obstructive
      strictures of the small bowel in patients with Crohn's disease. In contrast to
      conventional methods of treatment, such as conservative therapy with total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) or surgical resection of the involved bowel,
      strictureplasty eliminates the obstruction without loss of small bowel. The
      possibility of creating a short-bowel syndrome is of special concern in patients
      with diffuse Crohn's jejunoileitis. These patients usually present for surgery
      with chronic obstruction, anemia, weight loss, and malnutrition with folate and
      other vitamin deficiencies. The authors report the results of 12
      strictureplasties for extensive Crohn's jejunoileitis in three patients
      presenting with chronic obstruction secondary to multiple small-bowel strictures.
      Both Heineke-Mikulicz and Finney strictureplasties were performed. In two
      patients, resection of an acutely inflamed phlegmonous segment was also
      performed. Symptoms (pain, abdominal distention, and nausea) were markedly
      improved postoperatively in all patients. Nutritional parameters, including serum
      albumin and total lymphocyte count, improved postoperatively. Dramatic rises in
      weight were noted also. All three patients were symptom-free six months
      postoperatively.

PMID- 4017814
TI  - Gangrene of male external genitalia in a patient with colorectal disease.
      Anatomic pathways of spread.
AB  - This is the report of a patient with gangrene of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
      of the scrotum and base of the penis secondary to diverticulitis of the sigmoid
      colon. Due to high mortality in such patients, the early, rapid, and radical
      debridement of all devitalized tissues and prompt recognition of the source of
      sepsis is of utmost importance. Computed tomography (CT) scanning facilitates
      delineating the extent of disease. Anatomy of the perineal body and pathways of
      spread are discussed.

PMID- 4017815
TI  - Subcutaneous metastases without visceral metastases from an adenocarcinoma of the
      rectum.
AB  - Skin metastasis from colorectal carcinoma without evidence of visceral metastases
      is exceedingly rare. However, it must be considered whenever a new skin growth
      appears in a patient with a history of carcinoma. A diagnostic biopsy is
      mandatory as the appearance of these metastases is not distinctive.

PMID- 4017816
TI  - Enterocutaneous fistulization due to Actinomyces odontolyticus. Report of a case.
AB  - A case of abdominal actinomycosis originating from the sigmoid colon is
      presented. Actinomyces odontolyticus was isolated; it is a rarity, but should be
      suspected in the case of a palpable mass and several fistulas developing after a
      latent period of weeks to months following surgical or inflammatory trauma. The
      diagnosis is made by anaerobic cultivation. Primary treatment with large doses of
      penicillin for several weeks may be supplemented by surgery. The strain isolated
      in the present case was only moderately sensitive to penicillin and was
      successfully treated with erythromycin.

PMID- 4017817
TI  - The surgical management of Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum.

PMID- 4017818
TI  - Internal fistulas in Crohn's disease.
AB  - There is doubt about the timing of surgery for patients with internal fistulas in
      Crohn's disease. Although immediate operative intervention for all patients has
      been advocated, such a policy has not always been followed at St. Mark's
      Hospital. Between 1971 and 1982, 83 internal fistulas were identified in 59
      patients with Crohn's disease. Fifty-nine fistulas arose primarily from the small
      intestine and involved another segment of the bowel, five were between large
      bowel and duodenum, and three between areas of large bowel. Sixteen fistulas (ten
      from ileum and six from large bowel) involved the bladder. Thirty-six patients
      with 54 fistulas underwent immediate surgical treatment. Fifteen patients with 20
      fistulas required surgery later. There was one postoperative death among the 51
      patients treated surgically and one late death unrelated to the treatment of the
      fistula. Of the remaining 49 surgically treated patients, 46 were traced and
      remain well, six after further surgery. Eight patients with nine fistulas (four
      involving the bladder) were treated at St. Mark's without operation. One later
      required surgery elsewhere for an enterocutaneous fistula, but the remaining
      seven patients are well. This study suggests that the presence of an internal
      fistula, even if it involves the bladder, is not an absolute indication for
      immediate surgery and that the severity of the symptoms should dictate the
      treatment policy.

PMID- 4017819
TI  - Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - From 1962 to 1982, 27 patients with pulmonary metastases as the only site of
      recurrent colorectal carcinoma underwent pulmonary resection at Roswell Park
      Memorial Institute. Only five of these patients had symptomatic pulmonary
      lesions. No postoperative mortality occurred. The median survival after pulmonary
      resection was 27 months. Five patients are alive presently without recurrent
      colorectal cancer and two patients are alive with recurrent pulmonary metastases.
      Patients with solitary lesions had a better survival than patients with multiple
      lesions. The major sites of recurrence following thoracotomy were the lungs and
      liver.

PMID- 4017820
TI  - Transanal rectovaginal fistula repair.
AB  - In this update, 15 additional successful transanal repairs followed for one to
      six years postoperatively for low rectovaginal fistulas without colostomies are
      added to the uniformly successful 20 patients presented in a 1978 report. Changes
      in perioperative routines have greatly enhanced cost efficiency and these
      modifications are enumerated. The repair still encompasses total excision of the
      epithelialized fistula, and reapproximation of the attenuated septal fibers and
      anal sphincter mechanism, as well as the caudad rectal mucosal advancement that
      covers and protects the repair from the fecal stream and the high intraluminal
      pressures of defecation. Once again, we have excluded inflammatory, neoplastic,
      and irradiation-caused fistulas from this discussion, although we, as well as
      others, have applied this technique in selected cases.

PMID- 4017821
TI  - Rectal prolapse and anal incontinence treated with a modified Roscoe Graham
      operation.
AB  - The results of abdominal mobilization of the rectum and repair of the pelvic
      floor behind the anorectal junction are reported in 23 patients with rectal
      prolapse, being accompanied by some form of anal incontinence in 12. Within 20
      months, on the average, three patients had recurrent prolapse. Two thirds of the
      patients with incontinence for solid and/or fluid feces were cured for prolapse
      as well as incontinence. Seven became constipated, while 14 were fully satisfied.
      Seven of eight patients with a highly reduced tone of the external sphincter
      before surgery had a marked improvement after surgery. The results do not differ
      greatly from those after the suspension operation or repair of the pelvic floor
      in front of the rectum, despite being more physiologic, but suggest that
      simultaneous suspension and abdominal repair of the pelvic floor may avoid the
      need for a secondary postanal repair from below in patients with persistent
      incontinence after suspension surgery. A controlled, randomized trial is
      advocated.

PMID- 4017822
TI  - Relationship of symptom duration and survival in patients with carcinoma of the
      colon and rectum.
AB  - The generally held belief that early diagnosis and treatment are associated with
      a greater proportion of localized tumors and better prospects of salvage is not
      supported in carcinoma of the large intestine. This study is not to be
      interpreted to mean that purposefully delayed treatment in an individual patient
      will improve his chances of survival. Its purpose is to place the emphasis on
      early diagnosis in its proper perspective. Entirely different methods of
      diagnosis need to be developed so as to be able to diagnose carcinoma of the
      large intestine during its presymptomatic phase.

PMID- 4017823
TI  - Volvulus of the splenic flexure of the colon.
AB  - Volvulus of the splenic flexure is a rare cause of large-bowel obstruction. Three
      cases are presented and the features of 17 previously reported cases reviewed.
      Resection with or without primary anastomosis is the procedure of choice to
      prevent recurrence.

PMID- 4017824
TI  - Sphincter-saving procedure for treatment of diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the
      rectum and sigmoid colon.
AB  - Two cases of diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum and rectosigmoid colon
      are reported. Sphincter-saving procedures were applied as the surgical treatment
      for these two patients. The diseased rectum and distal sigmoid colon were
      resected 3 cm above the pectinate line. The mucosa of the rectal stump was
      extirpated. All visible residue from the hemangiomatous tissues on the muscular
      cuff, pararectal space, and pelvic wall were denuded. The normal colon was then
      pulled down through the rectal cuff and anastomosed with anoderm, and attached to
      the internal sphincter muscle. Both patients recovered uneventfully. No
      uncontrollable hemorrhage was encountered during rectal dissection. Both patients
      had good anal sensation and perfect continence. No complicated sexual or urinary
      disturbances were found. The sphincter-saving procedure for treatment of diffuse
      cavernous hemangioma of the rectum should be promoted and given first choice
      whenever possible.

PMID- 4017825
TI  - Acute suppurative appendicitis. A rare associate of Crohn's disease.
AB  - A case is presented of acute suppurative appendicitis occurring with Crohn's
      disease. The association is rare (only five other cases described), but if
      diagnostic uncertainty exists, laparotomy should be performed early. If, at
      laparotomy for suspected appendicitis, Crohn's terminal ileitis is incidentally
      found, the appendix should be removed.

PMID- 4017826
TI  - Eosinophilic colitis.
AB  - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, a condition of unknown etiology, has frequently
      been reported involving the stomach and small bowel. The colon is rarely cited as
      a site for the condition; however, a review of the literature reveals over 20
      cases (including ours). The findings indicate that the colon is now a recognized,
      but rare, site of involvement and that the condition can be diagnosed via the
      colonoscope. No clear-cut etiology can be defined, but the presence of allergy
      (33 percent) and of the herring worm (two cases) is noted.

PMID- 4017827
TI  - Synchronous lesion of the colon.

PMID- 4017828
TI  - On the treatment of hemangioma of the rectum.

PMID- 4017829
TI  - Value of computed tomography in the detection of complications of Crohn's
      disease.
AB  - Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on 17 patients
      with suspected complications of Crohn's disease. CT was superior to conventional
      barium studies and colonoscopy in demonstrating mural, serosal, and mesenteric
      pathology such as bowel wall thickening (100%), abscess (59%) and phlegmon (6%)
      formation, and fibro-fatty proliferation of the mesentery (41%). While not
      advocated as the primary means of evaluating Crohn's disease, CT can provide
      information vital to the management of complications of this disease.

PMID- 4017830
TI  - Effect of nifedipine on gastric emptying in normal subjects.
AB  - We studied the effects of the calcium-channel blocker, nifedipine, on solid and
      liquid phases of gastric emptying in 10 healthy male volunteers. Each subject
      underwent a dual-isotope radionuclide gastric emptying determination with and
      without the preadministration of nifedipine, 30 mg orally, given 20 min prior to
      ingestion of the test meal over 10 min, following which the subject lay supine
      under the gamma-counter for 2 hr. Blood samples for measurement of plasma
      nifedipine concentration were obtained at the time of drug administration and
      every 30 min throughout the gastric emptying determination. There was a threefold
      variation in the areas under the plasma nifedipine concentration vs time curve
      (AUC) obtained in these 10 subjects. Percent gastric retention of either the
      liquid (water) or the solid (chicken liver) marker was not significantly
      different after 30 mg oral nifedipine, as compared to the nontreatment day. We
      concluded that plasma nifedipine concentrations previously reported to be
      associated with significant esophageal motility effects in humans were not
      associated with effects on gastric emptying of either liquids or solids.

PMID- 4017831
TI  - Definition of a gastric emptying abnormality in patients with anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Upper gastrointestinal symptoms may be prominent in anorexia nervosa. This study
      is an investigation of the gastric emptying of solid and liquid meal components
      in 16 female patients (mean age 20.0 years, range 14-40 years) who met accepted
      psychiatric diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. The results were compared
      with those of gastric emptying studies in 10 normal females of ideal body weight
      (mean age 25.4 years, range 20-35), 13 normal persons (12 males), and six
      patients (mean age 12 years, range 9-14 years) with weight loss (less than 90
      percent ideal body weight) secondary to Crohn's disease with no psychiatric
      symptoms. A dual-isotope technique using chicken liver intracellularly labeled
      with technetium-99m (99mTc) bound to sulfur colloid as the solid-phase marker,
      and indium-111 (111In) -labeled water as the liquid-phase marker was used.
      Gastric emptying was monitored for 2 hr by gamma camera. In 13 of the 16 anorexia
      nervosa patients (80%), gastric emptying of solids was slower than the range in
      the two groups of normal subjects, and mean gastric emptying was significantly
      slower (P less than 0.05) than in the weight-loss patients. Liquid emptying
      (water) in anorexia nervosa was normal and similar to the control groups studied.
      In 11 of the anorexia nervosa patients with delayed gastric emptying,
      intramuscular metoclopramide, 10 mg, significantly (P less than 0.05) accelerated
      the mean gastric emptying from 60 through 120 min after the meal. We conclude
      that in anorexia nervosa patients who are symptomatic and seeking medical care:
      gastric emptying of solids is significantly delayed when compared with female
      subjects of similar age and normal body weight and with patients of less than 90%
      ideal body weight but without psychiatric disorder; these data are consistent
      with an antral motility disturbance, either primary or secondary; and
      metoclopramide, a gastric prokinetic agent, accelerates (delayed) gastric
      emptying.

PMID- 4017833
TI  - Dissociation of duodenogastric marker reflux and bile salt reflux.
AB  - Duodenogastric reflux of a perfused marker and bile salt reflux, as well as
      emptying of fasting gastric contents and gastric secretion, were measured
      simultaneously in six healthy volunteers. Each of the subjects was studied three
      times in randomized order during intravenous administration of either saline or
      atropine (40 micrograms/kg/4 hr) or cerulein (360 ng/kg/4 hr). Fractional gastric
      emptying rate was inhibited from 4.57%/min +/- 0.50 SE to 0.70 +/- 0.15 by
      atropine (P less than 0.001) and to 1.80 +/- 0.29 by cerulein (P less than
      0.005). Atropine increased reflux of duodenally perfused phenol red from 0.95 +/-
      0.28 to 26.09 +/- 4.98% (P less than 0.005) without affecting bile salt reflux
      (0.44 +/- 0.07 vs 0.51 +/- 0.17 mumol/min). In contrast, cerulein did not
      significantly affect duodenogastric marker reflux (2.23 +/- 0.82%) but increased
      bile salt reflux to 0.94 +/- 0.16 mumol/min (P less than 0.05). It is concluded
      that reflux of duodenal contents and reflux of bile salts do not necessarily
      parallel each other. This may produce considerable confusion by apparently
      contradictory results in studies on duodenogastric reflux.

PMID- 4017835
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the Tenth International Symposium on
      Gastrointestinal Motility. September 8-11, 1985. Rochester, Minnesota.

PMID- 4017832
TI  - Evaluation of Angelchik antireflux prosthesis. Long-term results.
AB  - Fifteen patients with intractable reflux or its complications were sequentially
      studied after the placement of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis. In all, 16
      devices were inserted. Parameters were measured before and 3, 12, 24, and 36
      months after prosthesis placement and included symptom scoring, esophageal
      manometry with Tuttle test, endoscopy, suction biopsy, barium swallow, and
      gastroesophageal scintigraphy. In addition, a subset of patients underwent
      stimulation/inhibition of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) with pentagastrin,
      metoclopramide, edrophonium, and atropine. At a mean time of 16 months
      postsurgery, 10 of 16 (63%) patients were reflux-free and there was significant
      improvement in endoscopic, biopsy, and symptom scoring. Post-insertion, there
      were statistically significant increments in LES pressure with intravenous
      boluses of pentagastrin, metoclopramide, and edrophonium, and a significant
      decrease with atropine. Two patients who developed prosthesis herniation into the
      chest required removal because of ongoing reflux and dysphagia. An additional
      patient had prosthesis disruption and migration, which also required removal.
      Four patients with previously failed antireflux procedures had five prostheses
      placed. All continued to reflux postoperatively. No patient who was initially
      reflux-free subsequently developed reflux, despite a tendency for LES pressure to
      decline with time. Although this procedure proved effective for up to 36 months
      in patients who had had no previous antireflux procedure, the displacement rate
      (3/16 = 19%), reoperation rate (3/16 = 19%), and the progressive decline in LES
      pressure over time should make one cautious about its routine use in the surgical
      treatment of reflux esophagitis.

PMID- 4017834
TI  - Origin and characterization of migrating myoelectric complex in rabbits.
AB  - Myoelectric activity patterns of the upper gastrointestinal tract were recorded
      using chronically implanted electrodes in conscious rabbits. A cyclical pattern
      of intense spiking activity occurring on almost every slow wave for 10-15 min,
      corresponding to the regular spiking phase or phase III of the migrating
      myoelectric complex (MMC), was recorded. This activity was detected by electrodes
      implanted distal to the ligament of Treitz on the proximal jejunum at a frequency
      of 9.4-10.6/24 hr. The MMC pattern occurred in both fed and fasted animals,
      regardless of the presence of cecotrophy. Initiation of phase III activity on the
      jejunum persisted after transplantation of the pancreatic duct opening to the
      proximal duodenum 5 cm from the pylorus and when gastric contents emptied
      directly into the proximal jejunum through a large gastrojejunostomy. It is
      concluded that the MMC pattern of the rabbit small intestine is persistently
      initiated in the proximal jejunum distal to the pancreatic and biliary ducts. The
      jejunal origin of the MMC in the rabbit is reminiscent of that seen transiently 8
      10 hr after a meal in dogs during the change from fed to the fasted pattern of
      gastrointestinal motor activity.

PMID- 4017836
TI  - Splenic abscess. A rare complication of Crohn's colitis.
AB  - This report describes a patient with Crohn's disease of the colon who presented
      with a rare extraintestinal complication: splenic abscess. Additional features of
      this case were the association of multiple extraintestinal manifestations of
      Crohn's disease, including iritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and pericholangitis,
      and polymicrobial bacteremia. This report emphasizes the cryptic nature of
      splenic abscess presentation, the more frequent association of extraintestinal
      manifestations of Crohn's disease with intraabdominal complications, and the
      association of polymicrobial anaerobic bacteremia with obstructive
      gastrointestinal complications.

PMID- 4017837
TI  - Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity and steatorrhea.

PMID- 4017838
TI  - Spermine as a gastric antisecretory agent.

PMID- 4017839
TI  - [Studies on the genetic and environmental epidemiology of esophageal cancer in
      seven families in Linxian County].

PMID- 4017840
TI  - [Effect of riboflavin deficiency and massive doses of vitamin C on carcinogenesis
      in the esophagus and liver in rats].

PMID- 4017841
TI  - [Preliminary investigation of the esophageal epithelial cells in members of
      families with high and low incidence of esophageal cancer].

PMID- 4017842
TI  - [Trace elements in hair, serum and cancerous tissue in patients with esophageal
      cancer].

PMID- 4017843
TI  - [Study of premature chromosome condensation (PCC) II. X-ray effect on PCC damage
      of HeLa cell and progress of the cell cycle].

PMID- 4017844
TI  - [Study on the tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TATA) of L615 mouse
      leukemia cells (L615 cells)].

PMID- 4017845
TI  - [Radiologic manifestations of the mediastinal type of bronchogenic carcinoma].

PMID- 4017846
TI  - [Clinicopathologic analysis of giant cell tumor of the bone--report of 35 cases].

PMID- 4017847
TI  - [Combined preoperative 60Co radiation and surgery for middle-third esophageal
      carcinoma--an analysis of 323 cases].

PMID- 4017848
TI  - [Multiple myeloma--an analysis of 42 cases and review of the Chinese medical
      literature on 522 cases].

PMID- 4017849
TI  - [Clinical study of 16 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor in the lung].

PMID- 4017850
TI  - [Nipple discharge].

PMID- 4017851
TI  - [Hemangiopericytoma--report of 13 cases].

PMID- 4017852
TI  - [Diagnosis of malignant giant cell tumor of the soft tissue--report of two
      cases].

PMID- 4017853
TI  - [Ultrastructural characteristics of lipid absorption].

PMID- 4017854
TI  - [Tissue correlates in the autotransplantation of skeletal muscle tissue into the
      brain of rats].

PMID- 4017855
TI  - [Mechanics of the excited nerve fiber].

PMID- 4017856
TI  - [Marker stability in the electron microscopic visualization of cytosine].

PMID- 4017857
TI  - [Phospholipases of the nuclear structures of liver cells in white rats].

PMID- 4017858
TI  - [Neuronal impulse activity of the striopallidum in the monkey during postponed
      behavior].

PMID- 4017859
TI  - [Hypotensive activity of the nitrosyl complexes of nonheme iron with different
      anionic ligands].

PMID- 4017860
TI  - [Mechanisms of the stabilization of PO2 in the blood in muscle microvessels].

PMID- 4017861
TI  - [Sensitivity and precision of the operation of the human physiological
      thermostat].

PMID- 4017862
TI  - [Spinal interneurons activated by bilateral afferent and cortical influences].

PMID- 4017863
TI  - [Analysis and evaluation of the potential of human voice].

PMID- 4017864
TI  - [Interaction of xenobiotics and serum albumin as a specialized evolutionally
      conditioned protective mechanism].

PMID- 4017865
TI  - [Characteristics of the effect of thrombin on macromolecular substrates].

PMID- 4017866
TI  - Effects of cigarette rod length on puff volume and carbon monoxide delivery in
      cigarette smokers.
AB  - As part of a continuing series of studies to investigate the variables
      controlling various topographical aspects of cigarette smoking, the present study
      examined the extent to which cigarette rod length influenced smoking. Cigarette
      smoking was examined under conditions in which subjects smoked cigarettes they
      could not see. Both puff volume and puff duration varied as a direct function of
      rod length, although they were not highly correlated. Peak flow rate was not
      affected by rod length. Other results suggest that visual stimulus control and
      satiation did not affect puff volume. Comparison of puffing whole cigarettes
      versus short cigarette rods suggests that puff volume, but not puff duration, may
      be decreased in response to increased pharmacological delivery as a result of
      particulate build-up during smoking of a whole cigarette. Carbon monoxide (CO)
      exposure was substantially greater after puffing full length cigarette rods than
      after short cigarette rods. Comparison of these human CO data with CO delivery
      from syringe-simulated puffing of full length and short cigarette rods indicates
      that knowledge of puff volume and duration during human smoking is insufficient
      for accurately predicting biological (CO) exposure.

PMID- 4017867
TI  - Alcohol use and trait anxiety in the general population.
AB  - The relationship between alcohol consumption and trait anxiety in a large sample
      representative of the U.S. general population was examined. Sex, age and
      ethnicity were used as control variables. It was found that men consumed more
      alcohol than women, and that this difference was largest for Catholic ethnic
      groups. For most groups of respondents, there was little or no relationship
      between trait anxiety and alcohol consumption. Among young and middle-aged males
      from Catholic ethnic groups, however, those with more anxious personalities drank
      more.

PMID- 4017868
TI  - Differentiation of alcoholics high and low in childhood hyperactivity.
AB  - Fifty alcoholics who reported a greater number of childhood hyperactivity/minimum
      brain damage (MBD) symptoms (HA+ alcoholics) were compared to 49 alcoholics low
      in childhood hyperactivity/MBD (HA- alcoholics) with respect to patterns and
      severity of alcoholism, psychosocial functioning and physical status, personality
      and psychopathology, and familial alcoholism. HA+ alcoholics were found to report
      considerably more psychopathology on the MMPI and the Psychopathic State
      Inventory (PSI), findings which were suggestive of an underlying personality
      disorder. HA+ alcoholics were also found to differ significantly from the HA-
      alcoholics in several areas of psychosocial functioning and with respect to their
      pattern of alcoholism. That is, HA+ alcoholics had more interpersonal
      difficulties and had experienced more psychological/emotional problems; they were
      more likely to use alcohol to alter their moods and to use non-alcoholic illicit
      drugs; and they had less ability to internalize control of their impulses to
      consume alcohol. These findings, taken together, suggest that alcoholics
      reporting more symptoms of childhood hyperactivity/MBD may represent a subgroup
      within the larger alcoholic population. High and low hyperactivity alcoholics did
      not differ in severity of alcoholism or in alcohol-related physical effects or
      medical problems. Additionally, no evidence was obtained for a significant
      relationship between childhood hyperactivity and familial alcoholism.

PMID- 4017869
TI  - Comparison of fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio schedules of maintenance of
      stimulant drug-reinforced responding.
AB  - The effectiveness of doses of i.v. cocaine and nomifensine in maintaining lever
      press responding in rhesus monkeys was evaluated under two schedules, fixed- and
      progressive-ratio (FR, PR). The doses that maintained maximum rates of responding
      under the fixed-ratio schedule were 0.32 mg/kg per injection cocaine and 0.10
      mg/kg per injection nomifensine. The fixed-ratio rates maintained by this dose of
      nomifensine were slightly lower than those maintained by cocaine. Under the
      progressive-ratio schedule, the maximum response rates developed with 0.32 mg/kg
      per injection cocaine and 0.32 mg/kg per injection nomifensine. Maximum
      performances under the progressive ratio were slightly higher with cocaine than
      with nomifensine. Taken in conjunction with existing data for other drugs and
      conditions, these data indicate that progressive-ratio schedules may yield
      information on the relative reinforcing effects of drugs that differs only
      slightly from that obtained with fixed-ratio schedules.

PMID- 4017870
TI  - Drug dependence units in England and Wales. The results of a national survey.
AB  - Drug dependence units (DDUs) form the cornerstone of government policy response
      to problem drug taking. Yet we know surprisingly little about the facilities that
      they can provide and what treatment policies they adopt. This paper constitutes a
      modest attempt to fill some of the gaps in our knowledge and points to the need
      to base future policy recommendations on detailed empirical research.

PMID- 4017871
TI  - Depressive symptoms differentiating between heroin addicts and alcoholics.
AB  - The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was self-administered to 105 outpatient
      alcoholics and 211 methadone maintenance patients seeking treatment at a large
      community mental health center to determine whether or not specific depressive
      symptoms differentiated the groups. Canonical correlations were first calculated
      between the set of 21 BDI items and the patients' demographic characteristics of
      sex, race and age to ascertain if these characteristics should be controlled
      before making comparisons between the two types of substance abusers. Age and sex
      were significantly related to self-reported depressive symptomatology and were
      entered first into a stepwise discriminant analysis with the 21 BDI items
      followed by type of substance abuse. Four symptoms contributed at least 5% to the
      overall discrimination between the alcoholics and the heroin addicts; these were
      sense of failure, weight loss, somatic preoccupation, and loss of libido. The
      alcoholics described themselves as feeling more like failures and having more
      somatic preoccupation than the heroin addicts, whereas the heroin addicts
      reported more weight loss and loss of libido. To estimate the efficiency with
      which these four symptoms could differentiate between the alcoholics and heroin
      addicts, discriminant classification analysis was employed; 69.3% of the
      substance abusers were correctly assigned to their type of addiction. The results
      were discussed as supporting the contention that alcoholics and heroin addicts
      may display different depressive symptoms.

PMID- 4017872
TI  - A comparative analysis of two methods for the study of alcohol intake in Mexico.
AB  - Two different methodologies were studied in a semi-rural community in Mexico city
      to investigate alcohol-intake patterns and attitudes towards drinking and
      drunkenness. One of the methods consisted of a household survey. The other used
      the anthropological informant's technique. These methods were compared only at
      those points where were found similarities in the data collected. We conclude
      that both methods give comparable estimates of what goes on in the community.
      Nevertheless the informant method is cheaper, results are obtained in less time
      and the community members are engaged in this problem, thus permitting future
      action to be taken.

PMID- 4017874
TI  - Paradigm shift or change in ownership? The conceptual significance of D.L.
      Davies's classic paper.
AB  - D.L. Davies's paper on 'Normal drinking in recovered alcohol addicts' was
      published in 1962 (Q.J. Stud. Alcohol, 23, (1962) 94). The 18 commentaries on
      this report which were published shortly afterwards in the Quarterly Journal of
      Studies on Alcohol are analysed in terms of the perceived relevance of his
      findings for clinical practice. This initial and largely negative appraisal of
      the import of Davies's article is contrasted with later assessments which have
      seen this study as contributing to a crucial paradigm shift. The question is
      raised as to whether the concept of paradigm shift can be applied satisfactorily
      to a field where several different scientific disciplines are defining the nature
      of the problem, or whether alternatively or in addition the story should be
      understood in terms of a competition between medicine and psychology for
      'ownership' of addiction.

PMID- 4017873
TI  - A comparison of young drinking offenders with other adolescents.
AB  - Interviews with 104 youths convicted of an underage alcohol offence (young
      drinking offenders), 30 youths convicted of an offence not involving alcohol
      (delinquents) and 31 youths with no convictions (comparison group) were
      conducted. Young drinking offenders and delinquents differed from the comparison
      group, but not each other, on measures of attitude, drinking behaviour and
      problems, other drug use and previous criminal activities. However, the young
      drinking offenders did differ from the delinquents on measures of social
      environment. The high levels of alcohol consumption and alcohol problems reported
      by the young drinking offenders and delinquents reveal large numbers of problem
      drinkers in these two groups. It is proposed that the deviant behaviour displayed
      by these two groups may be a result of similar underlying processes, which can be
      modified by social environment factors.

PMID- 4017875
TI  - The non-medical use of prescription psychotropic drugs by school boys in greater
      Cairo.
AB  - Data, previously collected in the context of a large-scale study of the extent of
      substance use among male Egyptian secondary and technical school students, were
      broken down along a parameter of use/non-use of prescription psychoactive drugs.
      Users were compared with non-users on five clusters of queries included in a
      standardized questionnaire, relating to: family ties, participation in peers'
      activities, exposure to drug-related stimuli, boldness and health problems. Users
      were found to report weak family ties, persistent participation in peers'
      activities and consistent exposure to drug-related stimuli. They were daring in
      relating to the drug universe and were less healthy (physically and
      psychologically) than non-users. These findings are discussed in the light of
      relevant previously reported results of epidemiological studies.

PMID- 4017876
TI  - Epidemiology of liver cirrhosis morbidity and mortality in Western Australia,
      1971-82: some preliminary findings.
AB  - Liver cirrhosis mortality and morbidity (primary and secondary diagnosis) data
      for Western Australian men and women over the age of 30 years for the period 1971
      82 are presented. Correlations between the morbidity and mortality data and adult
      consumption of beer, wine, spirits and absolute alcohol are also reported.
      Possible reasons for the various significant correlations are discussed, and in
      particular, with respect to the increasing wine consumption of adults (greater
      than or equal to 15 years).

PMID- 4017877
TI  - The association between tobacco smoking and use of other psychoactive substances
      among Egyptian male students.
AB  - The present study is part of a large scale project on the extent of substance use
      among young people in Egypt. Data collected on two representative samples of
      secondary school boys (N = 5530) and technical school pupils (N = 3686) through
      the administration of a standardized questionnaire are broken down along four
      parameters: tobacco smoking, use of medical psychoactive substances, consumption
      of natural narcotics and alcohol drinking. In the present paper we concentrate on
      relevant answers of tobacco smokers vs. non-smokers in both secondary school and
      technical school students. More smokers than non-smokers were found to be living
      away from their families and stating that at least one of the parents was dead.
      More smokers than non-smokers reported participating in peers' activities.
      Smokers were, also, found to outnumber non-smokers in being exposed to various
      kinds of drug-use related stimuli. Invariably, tobacco smokers were found to be
      more daring than non-smokers in thinking of psychoactive substances, in trying
      such substances and in continuing to take them. Smokers were, moreover, reported
      to exceed non-smokers in being under treatment from various physical as well as
      psychological ailments. These findings were discussed with emphasis on their
      heuristic value for the development of plans for treatment and/or prevention.

PMID- 4017878
TI  - Alterations in catecholamine metabolism partially corrected during amphetamine
      dependence.
AB  - A woman appeared to clinically benefit from high doses of amphetamine taken for a
      period of 27 years. During amphetamine administration, elevated urinary 3-methoxy
      4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPCG) excretion values returned to normal accompanied by
      reductions in plasma phenylalanine.

PMID- 4017879
TI  - Reliability of a family tree questionnaire for assessing family history of
      alcohol problems.
AB  - The test-retest reliability of a brief, easily administered questionnaire to
      assess family history of drinking problems was studied. Twenty alcoholic and
      twenty non-alcoholic volunteers completed the questionnaire on each of two
      occasions separated by about 2 weeks. The reliability of classification of first-
      and second-degree relatives as problem drinkers or alcoholics was examined, using
      both liberal and conservative diagnostic criteria. In general, both sets of
      criteria produced satisfactory test-retest reliability; one possible exception
      occurred when alcoholics' second-degree relatives were classified using the
      conservative criteria. The liberal criteria seemed to provide a more sensitive
      index of familial alcoholism.

PMID- 4017880
TI  - Treatment of chronic cocaine abuse and attention deficit disorder, residual type,
      with magnesium pemoline.
AB  - Research suggests that attention deficit disorder (ADD) may persist into
      adulthood, perhaps predisposing certain individuals to stimulant abuse. The
      authors describe two adults with chronic cocaine abuse and apparent residual ADD.
      After failing to respond to conventional treatment modalities, these patients
      were administered magnesium pemoline. Both displayed a sustained reduction in
      their cocaine use, without abusing pemoline. This finding suggests that the
      diagnostic assessment of cocaine abusers should include a search for a history of
      ADD. A carefully selected subgroup of this population may benefit from treatment
      with other stimulant medications.

PMID- 4017881
TI  - Oxidative capacity and ethanol. An in vivo study on hepatocytes and some brain
      regions of the female rat.
AB  - The effect of ethanol on respiratory coefficients in the isolated hepatocytes and
      on oxygen consumption by slices of brain regions were studied. Ethanol inhibits
      carbon dioxide production and the respiratory quotient in most of the assayed
      cases. However, oxygen consumption is apparently unaffected. When the hepatocytes
      were incubated for 1 h with doses of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 mM ethanol, the
      cellular viability decreased by 27, 33, 34, 48 and 67%, respectively. The effects
      on respiration are discussed in relation to the cellular viability. The results
      indicate that ethanol inhibits oxygen consumption in the hypothalamus and
      hippocampus. However, in the amygdala no significant differences were observed.
      In the cortex, a byphasic effect was observed.

PMID- 4017882
TI  - Two versions of dependence: D.S.M.-III and the alcohol Dependence Syndrome.
AB  - This paper reviews the concepts of dependence on alcohol as embodied by the
      Alcohol Dependence Syndrome and as proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical
      Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (D.S.M.-III). Evidence in support
      of the unidimensionality of this concept is still controversial, and the elements
      necessary to diagnose dependence under each of these two proposals are different.
      Alcohol Dependence in the D.S.M.-III has indicators of social and occupational
      impairment which are not part of the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. Knowledge on
      the concept of dependence will advance more rapidly if researchers begin to
      develop comparative studies of these two models. Future work should also include
      studies in the general population, with women, ethnic minorities and cross
      cultural research. Longitudinal research to establish the evolution of dependence
      both in clinical and general populations should also be developed.

PMID- 4017883
TI  - Prophylaxis for endocarditis.

PMID- 4017884
TI  - [Risk of transmission of hepatitis through human fibrin adhesives].
AB  - A prospective study of the incidence of post-operative hepatitis was carried out
      in 417 patients following open-heart surgery. During the observation period 16
      (3.8%) patients contracted hepatitis (15 non-A, non-B hepatitis; 1 hepatitis B).
      Fibrin seal was used intraoperatively in 19 patients; post-operatively there was
      no evidence of hepatitis in any of these cases. Thus fibrin seal should not be
      grouped with "high hepatitis-risk" preparations.

PMID- 4017885
TI  - [Physician's counseling in conflict about pregnancy. Dilemma and chance].

PMID- 4017886
TI  - [Cystic liver with acute hemorrhage].

PMID- 4017887
TI  - [Manifestations of progressive paralysis. Not a theme of the past].
AB  - Investigations carried out on 293 cases of progressive paralysis showed that the
      widely held view of a "classical form" of progressive paralysis is not
      applicable. Thus megalomania was found in only 13% of the patients and a manic
      type state in less than half. Disturbances in affectivity, drive and intellectual
      functions in progressive paralysis are, in general, uncharacteristic and can
      appear in any psychotic syndrome. Moreover, neurological symptoms taken as
      characteristic for progressive paralysis such as the Argyll-Robertson phenomenon
      or the "mimic quivering" are more the exception than the rule.

PMID- 4017888
TI  - [Size of cell nuclei in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Prognostic and diagnostic
      significance].
AB  - Morphometric analysis of cell-nucleus size was undertaken in 300 cases of
      malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The results were compared with histological
      findings and survival time. It was found that the histological lymphoma groups
      differ significantly only occasionally with regard to nucleus size. Within the
      groups the values have such wide scatter that in the individual case it is not
      possible to assign it on morphometric data. This scatter mirrors the difficulties
      encountered in histological classification which - as the objective data indicate
      - are due to numerous transitions between different types of lymphoma. Analysis
      of survival data shows that nucleus size is of considerable prognostic value, if
      certain exceptions such as lymphoblastic lymphoma are taken into account. The
      results favour tripartite division of malignant lymphomas for prognostic
      purposes.

PMID- 4017889
TI  - [Successful therapy of recurrent hypoglycemias by surgical removal of a malignant
      hemangiopericytoma].
AB  - Tumor growth in a 72-year-old male patient with malignant haemangiopericytoma in
      the left hemithorax could be followed radiologically for 4 years before symptoms
      of recurrent hypoglycaemia appeared. The endogenous insulin level in serum was
      maximally and serum IGF-1 and IGF-2 markedly reduced. An intravenous arginine
      load test showed a normal stimulation capacity of the pancreatic glucagon
      secretion but not that of insulin. After resection of the tumor, blood sugar
      metabolism was completely normalised. The insulin level, IGF-1 and IGF-2 in serum
      returned to normal.

PMID- 4017891
TI  - [Hemiparkinson syndrome in hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 4017890
TI  - [Crohn disease--an entity or just a syndrome?].

PMID- 4017892
TI  - [Incidence of fatty liver in Germany. A pathoanatomo-epidemiologic study].

PMID- 4017893
TI  - [Microcarcinoidosis of the stomach].

PMID- 4017895
TI  - [Functional disorders of chamber demand (VVI) and sequential AV (DDD) pacemakers
      caused by muscle potentials].
AB  - Muscle potentials as a cause of pacemaker malfunction are often unrecognized,
      because control examinations are usually performed without physical exercise. Two
      observations are cited to illustrate how malfunctioning of different modes of
      stimulation can be caused by interference from muscle potentials. In addition to
      the known suppression of impulse production, fixed-rate stimulation may occur.
      These observations indicate that pacemaker function should be tested also during
      physical activity. Any malfunction can almost always be stopped by re-programming
      amplifier sensitivity.

PMID- 4017894
TI  - [Importance of animal epithelia as house dust allergens].
AB  - Among sera from 379 patients with atopy tested with the radio-allergo-sorbent
      test (RAST) for domestic dust and house-dust mite (Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus), 104 were positive only for house dust. Positive results for both
      house dust and house-dust mites were obtained in 130, while in 145 the RAST
      result was positive only for house-dust mites. 104 sera, negative for house-dust
      mites, were tested by RAST for specific IgE against epithelia from cats, dogs,
      guinea-pigs, horses and cattle, as well as cockroaches (Blatella germanica). A
      positive RAST result for at least one of these animal epithelia was obtained in
      89.5% of sera, for cockroaches in 7.7%. Cat epithelia were of special importance
      with respect to both rate and degree of sensitization. Except for dog epithelia,
      sensitization (as demonstrated with RAST) against the other domestic animal
      epithelia was more frequent than the history had indicated. After immune
      adsorption of its homologous specific IgE with cat epithelia, but not after
      adsorption with epithelia of dog, guinea-pig, horse and cattle, inhibition of the
      house-dust RAST level in 60-80% was demonstrated in pool-sera. This finding
      proves that sensitization to cat epithelia, in addition to house-dust mites, can
      be the cause of a positive house-dust RAST reaction; cat epithelia are an
      important allergen of inhalation allergies caused by house dust.

PMID- 4017896
TI  - [Monitoring studies in patients with a cardiac pacemaker].

PMID- 4017897
TI  - Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity bioassay of inhaled ethyl acrylate in Fischer
      344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - Male and female Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 25 or 75 ppm
      (0, 0.10 or 0.31 mg/l) ethyl acrylate vapors, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week,
      for a total of 27 months. Additional rats and mice were exposed to 225 ppm (0.92
      mg/l) for 6 months and then held for 21 additional months post-exposure.
      Histopathologic changes in olfactory portions of the nasal mucosa were present in
      animals in all of these three exposure groups. These microscopic exposure-related
      changes were concentration-dependent, primarily in terms of distribution of the
      lesions within the nasal cavity. Generally those areas of the nasal mucosa
      normally lined by olfactory epithelium were altered, while the regions lined by
      respiratory epithelium were relatively unaffected. There was no indication of an
      oncogenic response in any organ or tissue in either rats or mice. A follow-up
      study in which Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 5 ppm (0.02 mg/l)
      for 24-months revealed no treatment-related changes in the nasal mucosa.

PMID- 4017899
TI  - Influence of chronic lead ingestion on IgG subclass expression of the immune
      response to bovine serum albumin.
AB  - Rats were given free access to drinking water containing 2% lead acetate for 30
      days prior to intraperitoneal inoculation with 100 mcg of bovine serum albumin
      (BSA) in Freund's complete adjuvant. Three weeks later, the animals were boosted
      with the antigen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. After an additional three
      weeks, the animals were bled and the sera assayed for total IgG by radial
      immunodiffusion and for specific IgM, IgG and IgG subclasses by the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BSA-inoculated rats exhibited similar levels of
      total IgG regardless of exposure to lead, but showed significant increases in IgG
      compared to nonimmunized controls. However, levels of IgG specific for BSA were
      significantly lower in the lead exposed group. Analysis of the IgG subclasses
      specific for BSA revealed that BSA-inoculated rats which were not exposed to lead
      had greater titers of IgG2b and IgG2c as compared to the lead exposed group.
      Chronic lead ingestion appears to diminish the overall IgG response to BSA and
      may alter the normal IgG subclass expression.

PMID- 4017898
TI  - The acute toxicity and primary irritancy of N-benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine.
AB  - N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine (BDMA), a polyester foam catalyst, was determined to
      have LD50 values of 0.65 (0.48-0.88) ml/kg perorally in the rat, and 1.66 (1.35
      2.04) ml/kg by 24-hr occluded dermal contact in rabbits. The Lt50 for saturated
      vapor atmosphere exposure of rats was 35.4 min, and the 4-hr LC50 was 373 (311
      447) ppm for rats and mice. Histological examination of the respiratory tract of
      animals exposed to BDMA concentrations of 277 ppm or higher revealed acute
      inflammatory changes in the nasal mucosa and pulmonary congestion. Unoccluded
      skin contact with 0.01 ml undiluted BDMA in rabbits produced moderate local
      erythema and edema. A 4-hr occluded contact resulted in local necrosis. Severe
      eye irritancy was produced by 0.005 ml undiluted BDMA and 0.5 ml 5% BDMA in
      propylene glycol; 1% BDMA was nonirritant to the eye. BDMA should be regarded as
      an acutely hazardous material by all routes of exposure.

PMID- 4017900
TI  - Radioiron utilization and gossypol acetic acid in male rats.
AB  - The 24-h incorporation of 59Fe into circulating red blood cells, bone marrow,
      urine, liver, spleen, and skeletal muscle was measured in splenectomized and sham
      splenectomized rats which had received a daily, oral dose of gossypol acetic acid
      (20 mg GAA/kg body wt) for 91 days. A significant decrease in total body weight
      gain was observed in all GAA treated animals. Splenectomized rats dosed with GAA
      exhibited a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and
      erythrocyte count. A significant increase in 59Fe incorporation by red blood
      cells and a decrease in hepatic incorporation of 59Fe indicate a preferential
      utilization of iron in erythropoiesis among GAA treated animals.

PMID- 4017901
TI  - [Epicutaneous tests].

PMID- 4017902
TI  - [Dermatitis herpetiformis--from celiac disease to skin rash].

PMID- 4017903
TI  - [General aspects of malignant melanoma].

PMID- 4017904
TI  - [Phototherapy].

PMID- 4017905
TI  - [Topical treatment of psoriasis].

PMID- 4017906
TI  - [Vocational counseling and skin diseases].

PMID- 4017907
TI  - [Paralytic poliomyelitis epidemic in Finland 1984-85].

PMID- 4017908
TI  - [Peroneal nerve entrapment].

PMID- 4017909
TI  - [Bannwarth's syndrome--a spirochetal cause of meningoradiculitis].

PMID- 4017910
TI  - [Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a urinary tract pathogen].

PMID- 4017911
TI  - [Lyme disease in Finland].

PMID- 4017912
TI  - [Chromomycosis].

PMID- 4017913
TI  - [Spasticity and its treatment].

PMID- 4017914
TI  - An unidentified helminth egg in human stool.

PMID- 4017915
TI  - Results, indications and contra-indications of surgery in restrictive
      endomyocardial fibrosis: comparative study on 31 operated and 30 non-operated
      patients.

PMID- 4017916
TI  - Carbamazepine in manic depressive psychosis.

PMID- 4017917
TI  - Leucocyte counts during pregnancy and the puerperium and at birth in Nigerians.

PMID- 4017918
TI  - The prognostic significance of leukoerythroblastic anaemia in Nigerians.

PMID- 4017919
TI  - Rarity of iron deficiency in sickle-cell anaemia in northern Nigeria.

PMID- 4017920
TI  - Haematological indices of primary school children in Vwang Plateau State,
      Nigeria.

PMID- 4017921
TI  - Thyroid carcinoma in Enugu--Eastern Nigeria.

PMID- 4017922
TI  - Oral glucose tolerance test in children with sickle cell anaemia.

PMID- 4017923
TI  - The value of routine chest radiograph in chronic asthma in the tropics.

PMID- 4017924
TI  - Teratoma of the ovary in a three month old baby.

PMID- 4017925
TI  - Practical therapeutics: the use of carbamazepine in affective disorders.

PMID- 4017926
TI  - [Risk-benefit relation of liver biopsy in unclear jaundice].
AB  - On the basis of an analysis of 125 liver biopsies in cases of unclear jaundice
      (mean bilirubin level 96 mumol/l, mean level of AP 1,78 mumol/l X s, of gamma GT
      8,48 mumol/l X s, biopsy on an average on the seventh day of jaundice) the
      relation of risk and benefit of a liver biopsy is assessed. The benefit of the
      intervention being carried out with small expenditure of material and time and
      with minimal stress for the patients consists above all in the praeoperative
      exclusion of hepatitis and in the proof of cholestatic liver parenchyma diseases,
      which should not be operated on. In contrast to other authors no increased risk
      of the percutaneous liver biopsy during the first 10 (-14) days of jaundice
      (independent of the level of biochemical parameters of cholestasis) was stated
      (no biliary peritonitis, lethality rate 0%). The modern procedures of direct
      cholangiography are not seen as competing methods of examination but as such
      complementing each other with the liver biopsy.

PMID- 4017928
TI  - [Fine-structure roentgen analysis for the determination of gallstone components].
AB  - Results of the determination of the chemical composition of human gallstones
      using X-ray diffraction method are reported. With simple handling it is possible
      beside identification of some other components to distinguish stones rich or poor
      in cholesterol already for smallest amounts of sample (greater than or equal to
      10 mg, for instance endoscopically obtained material). This is significant with
      respect to the conservative medicamental therapy of lysis.

PMID- 4017927
TI  - Barium granuloma of gastroesophageal junction causing progressive dysphagia.
AB  - The authors observed for the first time a barium granuloma of the
      gastroesophageal junction that led to progressive dysphagia. The patient was
      fully cured by a radical excision of the granuloma and by esophagofundoplasty.
      The most probable way of development of the granuloma is thought to be by the
      author the retention of barium sulphate in a peptic subcardial ulcer during the X
      ray examination, which did not recognize it.

PMID- 4017929
TI  - [Effect of alcohol on the development of biochemical and morphologic findings of
      liver damage in the rabbit].
AB  - Ethanol 48% was applied to the experimental model in 3 examined groups of rabbits
      in different periods of administration and differentiated daily doses on order to
      investigate the influence of ethanol upon the formation of morphological and
      biochemical indices of the liver lesion. Biochemical investigations were carried
      out on 3 and 7 day of the experiment and repeated at week by intervalls. All the
      animals were dissected and morphological examinations of the liver were carried
      out. Total analysis of the results obtained of the biochemical and morphological
      examinations of the liver in 3 analysed groups of animals proved that the
      biochemical index of postalcoholic lesion of the liver was a rise in guanase
      activity, and not in activity aminotransferases. In the investigations of fat
      balance, however the increase of triglycerides and cholesterol was observed.
      Morphological examinations showed post-alcoholic lesions of the liver, especially
      intensified in animals under longlasting alcohol influence, but in reducted
      doses.

PMID- 4017930
TI  - [Possible zymosan stimulation of the immune response of BALB/c mice to sheep
      erythrocytes and tumor target cells].
AB  - Zymosan and its combinations with cyclophosphamide were tested for their effect
      on various immune responses. Zymosan alone had only minor effect on the
      cytotoxicity of lymphocytes to allogeneic and syngeneic tumour cells but
      significantly stimulated delayed-type hypersensitivity response, rosette
      formation and plaque forming cell response to sheep red blood cells in normal
      mice. Zymosan diminished immunosuppressive action of cyclophosphamide on the
      plaque and rosette formations and nonspecific allogeneic lysis of target cells by
      lymph node lymphocytes. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction and syngeneic
      T-killer cell activity increased significantly after the procedure of combination
      therapy. Lymphocyte stimulation action by the polysaccharide depended on the
      injection schedule used. Preliminary injection of zymosan was an optimal
      condition for enhancement of the cellular immune response.

PMID- 4017931
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the adrenal and gonadal functions in human beings
      and hamadryas baboons with hemoblastosis].
AB  - Adrenal and gonad steroid hormones were investigated in the peripheral blood
      plasma of human beings and hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) with
      hemoblastosis. The similar hormonal dysfunction of adrenal glands and gonads was
      found in human beings and monkeys. The dehydroepiandrosterone level was found to
      decrease significantly, while the cortisol level increased markedly. Changes in
      the androgen level were sex-dependent. The testosterone and 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone levels were found to decrease markedly in men and male
      baboons while the testosterone level in women and females was found to increase
      significantly with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone unchanged.

PMID- 4017932
TI  - [Local blood flow into tumors during artificial hyperglycemia].
AB  - The blood flow in the rat Guerin carcinoma was measured by the hydrogen clearance
      method. It was shown that the blood flow in the tumour tissue decreased almost
      3.5 times to the 3 hours of the intravenous glucose infusion at a dose of 80 mg X
      kg-1 X min-1. In some tumours the microcirculation ceased completely. The results
      obtained help developing the new schemes of local hyperthermia and induced
      hyperglycemia in the complex antitumour therapy.

PMID- 4017933
TI  - [Antitumor activity of Ca-double-stranded RNA from sodium nucleinate].
AB  - Ca-dsRNA introduced in the concentration of 5 micrograms per mouse 24 hours
      before the MG22a mouse hepatoma transplantation causes the 70% inhibition of the
      hepatoma growth. The sodium nucleinate used in the considerably higher
      concentration had a less effect. The sodium form of dsRNA also had a less
      antitumour effect comparing with its calcium form. The calcium form of dsRNA
      proves to be relatively stable and physiologically active form of dsRNA during
      its parenteral administration.

PMID- 4017934
TI  - [Changes in the chemotherapy sensitivity of leukemia L1210 cells during the
      development of diazan resistance].
AB  - L 1210 leukemia strain resistant to diazan (L 1210/D1) was studied for its drug
      sensitivity in comparison with the parent strain. The resistant strain exhibited
      significantly higher sensitivity to nine drugs: dopan, sarcolysine, apirazidin,
      cyclophosphane, 6-mercaptopurine, thiophosphamide, rubomycin, vinblastine and
      vincristine. L 1210/D1 gained cross resistance to four drugs: 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3
      (2, 6-dioxy-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil and
      ftorafur. The resistant strain sensitivity remained unchanged (in comparison with
      the parent strain) to seven drugs: degranol, prospidin, nitrosomethylurea,
      chlorozotocin, deazauridine, bleomycin and L-asparaginase (crasnitine).

PMID- 4017935
TI  - [Ribamidyl (ribavirin) as a modulator of the biological action of
      arabinosylcytosine and methotrexate].
AB  - Administration of ribamidyl (Rb) prior to Ara-C to intact mice or mice with
      implanted tumours enhanced Ara-C toxicity. The growth of tumours (plasmacytoma
      MOPC-21, adenocarcinoma of the small intestine (strain AKATON), mammary
      adenocarcinoma 755 (Ca 755) resistant to Ara-C or Rb was inhibited after
      coadministration of these drugs. The augmentation of toxic and antitumour effects
      of Ara-C by Rb is similar to the described effect of high doses of thymidine.
      This is in accordance with the enhancement of the intracellular pool of thymidine
      phosphates under the action of Rb. The toxicity of methotrexate in vivo was
      increased by coadministration with Rb. This effect may be connected with a
      decrease in purine precursors pool under the action of Rb.

PMID- 4017936
TI  - [Effect of phenobarbital and SKF 525-A on the toxic and therapeutic action of
      adriamycin in mice with Ehrlich ascites cancer].
AB  - The toxic action of adriamycin (AD) in mice with the ascitic Ehrlich carcinoma
      was reduced by preliminary administration of phenobarbital (PB), an inductor of
      liver monooxygenases, and was increased after administration of SKF 525-A, an
      inhibitor of this enzymatic system. PB and SKF decrease the therapeutic action of
      AD. Incidentally, induction or inhibition of the liver enzymes was equivalent to
      the decrease in the AD dose in mice with the intact liver. It was also shown that
      the essence of PB and SKF influence on the AD therapeutic effect is its action on
      liver monooxygenases activity and not the interaction between PB or SKF and AD or
      the change of AD sensitivity of tumour cells. The possible role of cytochrome P
      450 in manifestation of the AD toxic and therapeutic activity is discussed. The
      authors believe that for prevention of AD toxicity in patients with liver
      disorders the treatment following stimulation of the liver metabolic activity up
      to the normal liver level may be effective.

PMID- 4017937
TI  - [Measurement of basal plasma levels of 3 anterior pituitary hormones during acute
      or chronic treatment with tricyclic antidepressants].
AB  - Prolactin, growth hormone and thyrotropin plasma levels have been evaluated in
      depressive in-patients, either during the first day of clomipramine or
      amitriptyline treatment, or after their chronic administration. Prolactin levels
      temporary rise during the first day of clomipramine or amitriptyline treatment in
      6 patients out of 11, with a lag in relation to the drug plasma peak. A
      significant increase is observed after a 28 days treatment with clomipramine and
      a non significant decrease, after a 28 days treatment with amitriptyline. As for
      human growth hormone, a rise is found in 5 out of 8 clomipramine treated subjects
      but neither any variation with amitriptyline nor any significant variation with
      chronic administration of both drugs occur. Finally, thyrotropin plasma levels
      display no variation after acute or prolonged treatment with clomipramine or
      amitriptyline. These results are compared with those of literature, then
      discussed in the light of present theories on pituitary hormones secretion
      aminergic control and of tricyclic antidepressants effect on these hormones.

PMID- 4017938
TI  - [Changes in cerebral calcium, sodium and potassium after single or repeated
      administration of lithium in the rat].
AB  - A single administration (IP) of lithium chloride in the rat induces a decrease in
      erythrocyte calcium, proportional to the lithium level (p less than 0.01) and a
      diminution in cerebral calcium (p less than 0.001) which is accompanied by
      decrease in cerebral sodium and potassium levels (p less than 0.001). Repeated
      administration (IP + VO) has the same cerebral effects. The authors report that
      the reversible decrease in calcium, sodium and potassium, resulting from an
      increase in cerebral lithium levels, can be demonstrated on sampling at 1.30 and
      3 hours (IP), or at 12 hours (VO). These results are relevant to the treatment of
      manic illnesses using calcium antagonists.

PMID- 4017939
TI  - [Action of clovoxamine on the sleep of depressed patients. "Polygraphic
      recordings"].
AB  - This study reports the action of clovoxamine, a non-tricyclic non IMAO
      antidepressant, on the sleep parameters of five patients suffering from primary
      depressive illness. Before treatment all subjects presented an EEG syndrome of
      primary depressive sleep disorder (decreased paradoxical sleep latency). Sleep
      recordings were made after 1 month and 3 months of monotherapy with clovoxamine.
      PS latency increased to normal values, sleep efficiency improved and wake time
      decreased, and, more remarkably, paradoxical sleep was not suppressed by
      clovoxamine.

PMID- 4017940
TI  - [Lithium levels in biological media and treatment surveillance].
AB  - The authors present their collection procedures and the results concerning
      plasma, red blood cell or urinary lithium levels. They point out the interest of
      determination of red blood cell lithium for the prevention of toxical effects and
      the control of treatment in lithium intoxications. Clearance determination
      methodologies are also discussed.

PMID- 4017942
TI  - Symposium on emergency department radiology.

PMID- 4017941
TI  - [Methodology of post-mortem research. Apropos of setting-up a data bank for
      studying the biology of depression].
AB  - Investigation of post mortem neurobiochemical changes is an important field in
      biological psychiatry which allows analyses of the analogies between peripherical
      markers and the central neurochemical processes they represent. Our study
      discusses the pathological neuroanatomy (collection and conservation of the
      anatomical specimens) and clinical criteria (selection of an evaluation and
      diagnostic scale, analysis of results of retrospective clinical interviews: "the
      psychological autopsy"). We also discuss the many methodological issues which
      arise in interpretations of these correlations. We wish to encourage others to
      apply a standardized methodology to these scientific studies of post mortem
      neurochemical parameters and retrospective clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 4017943
TI  - Bovine renal mitochondrial vitamin D3 hydroxylases: regulation of in vitro
      activities by inhibitors and antioxidants.
AB  - The regulation of bovine renal 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities was
      examined in primary bovine proximal tubule cell cultures. Maximal 1 alpha- and 24
      hydroxylase activities in primary bovine proximal tubule cultures ranged from 1.5
      1.8 and 2.0-2.7 pmol/min X 10(6) cells, respectively. The apparent Km was 795 nM
      for 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity and 1130 nM for 24-hydroxylase activity. 1 alpha
      and 24-hydroxylase activities decreased in primary culture after cell plating.
      Activities decreased both as a function of cell number and as a function of the
      culture dish. 1 alpha-Hydroxylase activity decayed with a t1/2 of 37 h, while 24
      hydroxylase activity decayed with a t1/2 of 45 h. Decreasing cell densities, at
      which cells were plated, increased the t1/2 for the decay of both activities
      [t1/2 = 21 h at 5,000 cells/cm vs. t1/2 = 37 h at 25,000 cells/cm for 1 alpha
      hydroxylase (P greater than 0.001); t1/2 = 33 h at 5,000 cells/cm vs. t1/2 = 45 h
      at 25,000 cells/cm for 24-hydroxylase, (P greater than 0.0001)]. Direct addition
      of 0.25 mM metyrapone inhibited 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity by 33% and 24
      hydroxylase activity by 51%. Long term incubation of cell cultures with 0.25 mM
      metyrapone resulted in a slowing in the loss of both hydroxylase activities, but
      did not stop the decay. 1 alpha-Hydroxylase activity in 4-day metyrapone-treated
      cultures was 35% higher than in 4-day untreated cultures. 24-Hydroxylase activity
      was increased 42% in treated cultures vs. that in untreated cell cultures. Both 1
      alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities were inhibited by direct addition of
      antioxidants. 1 alpha-Hydroxylase activity was directly inhibited 74% by the
      addition of 0.1 mM butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 69% by the addition of 0.1 mM
      butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and 56% by the addition of 0.05 mM benzyl
      sulfoxide (BS). 24-Hydroxylase activity was also directly inhibited 72% by 0.1 mM
      BHA, 55% by 0.1 mM BHT, and 73% 0.05 mM BS. There was no significant difference
      between the inhibition of either hydroxylase by each antioxidant. Antioxidant
      mixtures increased the inhibition of hydroxylase activities above that with
      single antioxidant. The addition of 0.1 mM BHA and 0.05 mM BS to cultures
      resulted in 100% inhibition of 24-hydroxylase activity and 95% inhibition of 1
      alpha-hydroxylase activity. The results were very similar when 0.01 mM BS and 0.1
      mM BHT were added to cultures, i.e. 100% and 91% inhibition of 24- and 1 alpha
      hydroxylase activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4017944
TI  - Metabolism of high density lipoproteins reconstituted with [3H]cholesteryl ester
      and [14C]cholesterol in the rat, with special reference to the ovary.
AB  - In order to study the metabolism of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-carried sterol
      in the rat, human HDL was reconstituted with [14C]cholesterol and [3H]cholesteryl
      ester. After iv injection into immature PMSG-human CG primed rats pretreated with
      4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine and aminoglutethimide, there was time-dependent
      accumulation of 3H and 14C in various organs which reached a maximum by 15-90
      min. On a milligram wet weight basis, uptake of 3H and 14C was greatest in the
      adrenals, next in ovaries, followed by the liver, with little uptake by kidneys
      and spleen. On an organ basis, accumulation was greatest by the liver. At 15-45
      min post injection, 60% of the 3H in the ovary was in free sterol, indicating
      hydrolysis of the accumulated cholesteryl esters, whereas 95% of the 3H in serum
      remained in sterol esters associated with HDL. Coadministration of excess
      unlabeled HDL, but not human low density lipoprotein, reduced accumulation of
      radioactivity by the ovaries and adrenals by 60%, indicating a specific and
      saturable uptake process. Granulosa cells cultured in lipoprotein-deficient
      medium with reconstituted HDL formed 3H- and 14C-labeled 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4
      en-3-one. Over a 24-h period, utilization of both [14C]cholesterol and
      [3H]cholesteryl ester was linear, but rates of utilization of the two sterol
      moieties were not parallel. There was preferential uptake and utilization of free
      sterol. A dose-response study demonstrated a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 40
      60 micrograms sterol/ml for both free and esterified cholesterol. Lysosomotropic
      agents (chloroquine and NH4Cl) had no effect on utilization of either free or
      esterified cholesterol for steroidogenesis but reduced degradation of 125I
      labeled low density lipoprotein apoprotein. These findings lend further support
      to the concept of a distinct HDL pathway in steroidogenic cells of the rat, which
      involves 1) preferential uptake and utilization of free cholesterol from HDL and
      2) does not require lysosomal activity.

PMID- 4017945
TI  - Characterization of the subunit nature of nuclear estrogen receptors by chemical
      cross-linking and dense amino acid labeling.
AB  - We have used chemical cross-linking and dense amino acid labeling of estrogen
      receptors to characterize the subunit nature and rate of turnover of nuclear 5S
      estrogen-receptor complexes. When MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are incubated
      with [3H]estradiol or [3H]antiestrogen [alpha-[4-pyrrolidinoethoxy]phenyl-4
      hydroxy-alpha'-nitrostilbe ne (CI628M) or (Z)-1-[4-(2-[N
      aziridinyl]ethoxy)phenyl] 1,2-diphenyl-1-butene (tamoxifen aziridine)] and
      nuclear estrogen-receptor complexes are extracted with 0.6 M KCl and then
      chemically cross-linked with the cross-linker 2-iminothiolane, the cross-linked
      receptor complexes sediment as a 5.4S species on 3 M urea-containing sucrose
      gradients, while the noncross-linked species are 4S. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel analyses of these cross-linked nuclear receptor complexes
      labeled with the covalently attaching ligand [3H]tamoxifen aziridine reveal a
      species of about 130,000 mol wt, while the noncross-linked or the cross-linked
      but mercaptan-cleaved receptor is 65,000 mol wt. Both receptor species are also
      detectable by interaction with an immunoadsorbent column containing antireceptor
      monoclonal antibody. For analyses of receptor turnover rates, cells exposed for
      different time periods to medium containing dense (15N, 13C, and 2H) amino acids
      were labeled with [3H]antiestrogen [1-[4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]1-[4
      hydroxyphenyl] 2-phenylbut-1-(2)ene (trans-hydroxytamoxifen) or CI628M] or
      [3H]estradiol, and salt-extracted nuclear estrogen receptors were analyzed on
      sucrose gradients. The normal density 5S form shifted to a broader, more dense
      peak at 2 and 4 h and finally, by 8-10 h, to a more dense, sharply sedimenting
      species. The time course of this shift is the same as that seen for the 4S urea
      dissociated nuclear receptor form (t1/2 approximately 4h), suggesting that the
      5.4S nuclear receptor is composed of two species which turn over at the same
      rate. We conclude from these cross-linking and density shift experiments that the
      nuclear 5S receptor complex consists of two similarly sized units, which turn
      over with similar half-lives. These data provide strong evidence that the 5S
      nuclear receptor complex is a homodimer of two 4S, 65,000 mol wt monomers.

PMID- 4017946
TI  - Noradrenergic and endogenous opioid pathways in the regulation of luteinizing
      hormone secretion in the male rat.
AB  - Endogenous opioid pathways (EOPs) appear to play a role in the tonic regulation
      of pulsatile LH secretion. The mechanism by which EOPs influence LH release is
      not known. However, the observation that acute chemical disruption of the
      noradrenergic (NE) system by alpha-receptor-blocking agents or NE synthesis
      inhibitors blocks the LH increase occurring in response to naloxone (NAL)
      suggests that the ability of EOPs to influence LH secretion may depend upon a
      functional NE system. We hypothesized that if EOPs required an interacting NE
      system to influence LH secretion, then rats that have ascending NE tract lesions
      would not respond to NAL with an increase in LH. To test this hypothesis, we
      challenged NE-lesioned and sham-lesioned rats with NAL. Young adult male rats
      received either a NE lesion or a sham lesion and 6 weeks later were implanted
      with jugular catheters. On the following day, four baseline blood samples (400
      microliters at 10-min intervals) were taken from NE-lesioned and sham-lesioned
      rats. All rats were then challenged with 2 mg/kg NAL, iv, and four subsequent
      blood samples were taken. NAL significantly increased LH levels (P less than
      0.01) in both the NE-lesioned (n = 7) and sham-lesioned (n = 8) rats. Mean LH
      responses above baseline for these groups were 0.52 +/- 0.12 ng RP-2/ml and 0.38
      +/- 0.07 ng/ml, respectively. Failure of the NE lesions to block the LH response
      to NAL was not due to the presence of active residual NE fibers, because
      pretreatment with the alpha-receptor blocker phenoxybenzamine (20 mg/kg, iv)
      failed to block the NAL response in the NE-lesioned animals (n = 8), whereas it
      did so in the sham-lesioned animals (n = 7). The mean LH response from baseline
      after phenoxybenzamine pretreatment was -0.01 +/- 0.01 ng/ml for the sham
      lesioned group and 0.53 +/- 0.24 ng/ml for the NE-lesioned group. These results
      indicate that EOPs do not require noradrenergic mediation to influence LH
      secretion in the adult male rat.

PMID- 4017947
TI  - An evaluation of the role of antiestrogen-binding sites in mediating the growth
      modulatory effects of antiestrogens: studies using t-butylphenoxyethyl
      diethylamine, a compound lacking affinity for the estrogen receptor.
AB  - Tert-butylphenoxyethyl diethylamine (BPEA), a compound synthesized by us, was
      designed to incorporate features important in binding to antiestrogen-binding
      sites (AEBS) while lacking features important in binding to the estrogen receptor
      (ER). With this compound, we have addressed the question of the role of AEBS in
      mediating the growth modulatory effects of antiestrogens. BPEA has an affinity
      for AEBS 6% that of tamoxifen and an affinity for ER less than 0.0003% that of
      estradiol. BPEA (10(-11)-10(-6) M) had no effect on the growth of MCF-7 breast
      cancer cells and no effect on inhibition of the growth of MCF-7 cells by
      different concentrations of the antiestrogen tamoxifen. In addition, BPEA (even
      at doses of 1 mg/day X 50 g rat) exhibited no uterotropic or antiuterotropic
      activity in immature rats and had no influence on the agonistic or antagonistic
      activity of varying concentrations of tamoxifen on uterine weight. Hence, we
      conclude that occupancy of AEBS, at least by BPEA, does not modulate growth of
      the uterus or breast cancer cells and does not influence the potency of tamoxifen
      as an antiestrogen. These findings raise serious doubts about the role of the
      AEBS in mediating directly the growth modulatory effects of antiestrogens.

PMID- 4017948
TI  - Species differences in prostatic steroid 5 alpha-reductases of rat, dog, and
      human.
AB  - The conversion of testosterone to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone by prostate
      particulates from rats, dogs, and humans was investigated, and significant
      species differences were found with their pH profiles, affinities for 4
      azasteroidal inhibitors, and sensitivities to mercuric sulfhydryl reagents. The
      pH optima for the rat (pH 7), the dog (pH 6), and the human (pH 5) enzyme are
      significantly different. Mersalyl acid and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate inactivate
      only the rat 5 alpha-reductase, but not the human or dog enzyme. The rank orders
      of potencies of 24 3-oxo-4-azasteroids to inhibit 5 alpha-reductases of the rat,
      dog, and human prostate are different. The variation of the 17 beta-functional
      groups of the inhibitors demonstrates clearly the species differences. Those
      inhibitors with a 17 beta-diethylcarbamoyl, 17 beta-diisopropylcarbamoyl, 17 beta
      t-butylcarbamoyl, or 17 beta-secbutylcarbonyl functional group are approximately
      equipotent as inhibitors of the rat and human enzymes, whereas they are only 0.1
      15% as potent as inhibitors of the dog enzyme. On the other hand, those
      inhibitors with a 17 beta-spiroether functional group are most potent as
      inhibitors of the rat enzyme, are 15-50% as potent as inhibitors of the dog
      enzyme, and are 0.2-0.4% as potent as inhibitors of the human enzyme. Those
      inhibitors with a 17 beta-n-octylcarbamoyl, 17 beta-(1-carboxyethyl), or 17 beta
      (1-carboxy-3-butyl) functional group are 2-3 orders of magnitude less potent as
      inhibitors of the dog and human enzymes than as inhibitors of the rat enzyme.
      These results suggest that prostatic 5 alpha-reductases of rats, dogs, and humans
      are significantly different. In spite of the significant species differences in
      inhibitor affinities, where determined, inhibition of the rat, dog and human
      enzymes by these compounds is competitive with testosterone. These 3-oxo-4
      azasteroids have a similar rank order of potency as inhibitors of 5 alpha
      reductase in human normal, benign hyperplastic, and cancerous prostates,
      indicating that the inhibitor-binding sites of 5 alpha-reductase in the prostate
      in different pathological states are similar. The affinities of the 3-oxo-4
      azasteroids for rat prostatic cytosol receptor were determined. Five of these 5
      alpha-reductase inhibitors have no significant affinity for the androgen
      receptor, whereas others do have an affinity for the receptor.

PMID- 4017949
TI  - Effects of high doses of iodide on thyroid secretion: evidence for the presence
      of iodinated membrane tubulin.
AB  - The transient inhibitory effect on thyroid secretion produced by high doses of
      iodide was investigated with respect to changes in the level of in vivo
      iodination of membrane tubulin. Iodinated tubulin, characterized by gel
      electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation, and peptide mapping, was shown to be
      associated with a thyroid membrane fraction, and totally absent from cytoplasmic
      proteins. The administration of an acute dose of 5 mg KI, although it inhibited
      thyroid secretion (as shown by an increase in TSH), did not have a significant
      effect on the level of iodination of membrane tubulin. Thus, the observed
      inhibition of thyroid secretion is probably unrelated to the level of iodination
      of tubulin. Although its function is not known at present, iodinated tubulin is
      probably involved in membrane-related phenomena.

PMID- 4017950
TI  - Thyroid hormones increase renal brush border membrane transport of phosphate in X
      linked hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mice.
AB  - Hyp mice, the murine homolog of human X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), are
      characterized in part by elevated renal loss of phosphate (Pi) and
      hypophosphatemia. The lesion responsible for this syndrome is believed to be
      defective Na+ gradient-dependent phosphate transport across renal brush border
      membranes (BBM). It has been demonstrated that thyroid hormones can stimulate Pi
      uptake by rat BBM vesicles (BBMV). The purpose of this current study was to
      determine whether thyroid hormones could increase renal BBMV transport of Pi and
      improve the renal conservation of Pi in Hyp mice. Hyp mice were treated with
      either vehicle (controls) or T4 (0.2 mg/100 g BW, ip, once daily) for 6 days. At
      the end of the treatment period, the uptake of 32Pi (at 30 sec), in the presence
      of a Na+ gradient (Na+o greater than Na+i) by BBMV prepared from renal cortex of
      T4-treated Hyp mice, was significantly increased (+25%) compared to that in
      vehicle-treated Hyp controls. The uptake of L-[3H]proline (at 10 sec) by the same
      BBMV preparation was unchanged. T4-treated Hyp mice displayed a significant
      decrease in urinary Pi excretion (-31%), and a restoration of plasma Pi levels
      (+52%) to the normal range. Plasma calcium, creatinine, and magnesium as well as
      urinary excretion of cAMP did not change with T4 treatment. Another group of Hyp
      mice was given T3 (0.2 mg/100 g BW, ip) at three 12-h intervals. After 36 h, the
      rate of 32Pi uptake by renal BBM was significantly increased (+40%). Plasma Pi
      also increased (+26%). Our findings indicate that parenteral administration of
      thyroid hormones specifically increased (compared to transport of L-proline) the
      capacity of Na+ gradient-dependent renal BBM Pi uptake in Hyp mice, decreased
      renal Pi excretion, and increased plasma Pi. These results suggest that treatment
      with T4 or T3 can enhance the defective proximal tubular reabsorption of Pi and
      improve renal Pi retention in murine X-linked hypophosphatemia.

PMID- 4017951
TI  - Elevated catecholamines in porcine follicular fluid before ovulation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to correlate changes in catecholamine
      concentrations in porcine follicular fluid and cyclic events in the ovary.
      Follicular fluid was aspirated from follicles of ovaries obtained from pigs
      throughout the 21-day estrous cycle and analyzed for norepinephrine (NE),
      epinephrine (EPI), and estradiol (E2). Serum was obtained from cycling pigs on
      days 6-10 and 16-20 of the cycle and assayed for NE, EPI, E2, and progesterone.
      The concentrations of NE in the follicular fluid were relatively constant during
      days 1-15 of the luteal phase (1.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml), but were elevated
      significantly to 2.9 +/- 0.4 ng/ml during the follicular phase (days 16-20). EPI
      had a similar profile, but a 6- to 10-fold lower concentration. The follicular
      fluid E2 concentration increased from 15.6 to 76.5 ng/ml during the luteal phase
      to 630 ng/ml during the follicular phase. Serum NE and EPI concentrations were
      similar during midluteal and follicular phases, whereas progesterone and E2 were
      significantly elevated during the luteal and follicular phases, respectively.
      These results indicate that catecholamines in follicular fluid are elevated
      significantly during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle and may have a
      physiological role in preovulatory events as well as during the luteinization
      process.

PMID- 4017952
TI  - In vitro simulation of prepubertal changes in pulsatile luteinizing hormone
      release enhances progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol secretion from immature rat
      ovaries.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated changes in the episodic pattern of LH secretion
      in female rats as they approach first ovulation. In the present study, ovaries
      were taken from peripubertal rats and perifused in vitro with a medium containing
      FSH and LH. The concentration of FSH in the medium was kept constantly low,
      whereas the concentration of LH was modulated, simulating as closely as possible
      the various episodic secretory profiles previously observed in vivo. Medium from
      the perifusion chambers was collected every 10 min for 5 h and assayed for
      progesterone (P) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2). Exposure of the ovaries to low
      amplitude LH pulses (20 ng/ml; comparable to those found in the plasma of
      peripubertal rats during the morning) did not elicit a significant steroidogenic
      response. On the other hand, exposure to large amplitude LH pulses (80 ng/ml; as
      seen during the afternoon) led to a marked increase in the output of both P and
      E2. Similarly, increased steroid secretion occurred when ovaries were exposed to
      a 2-h minisurge of LH (160 ng/ml) or to a minisurge preceded by three large
      amplitude pulses (as seen in some animals during the afternoons of the
      peripubertal period). Continuous exposure to LH at concentrations similar to
      either the large amplitude pulses or the LH minisurge increased P and E2 release.
      However, the increase was not significantly larger than that produced by the
      discontinuous LH perifusion patterns, even though the total amount of LH reaching
      the ovaries during the 5-h perifusion period was considerably greater. The
      results show that episodic LH secretion is functionally much more efficient at
      eliciting release of P and E2 from immature ovaries than is continuous LH
      secretion. Furthermore, they strongly suggest that changes in the LH secretory
      pulse patterns, as seen in vivo close to the time of puberty, are fundamental for
      the activation of ovarian steroidogenesis that leads to the first preovulatory
      surge of gonadotropins.

PMID- 4017953
TI  - Vulnerability to stress-induced tumor growth increases with age in rats: role of
      glucocorticoids.
AB  - Aged males rats show a delay in terminating their adrenocortical stress response
      and, thus, hypersecrete corticosterone during the poststress period. Because of
      the numerous catabolic effects of corticosterone, we hypothesized that chronic
      stress should induce greater pathophysiological changes in aged than in young
      subjects. We report that stress-induced tumor growth, associated with inoculation
      with fetal rats cells transformed by tumor virus, is accelerated in aged rats.
      Furthermore, simulation of the aged pattern of corticosterone hypersecretion in
      young animals using steroid administration similarly accelerates stress-induced
      tumor growth.

PMID- 4017954
TI  - The functional state of the dopamine receptor in the anterior pituitary is in the
      high affinity form.
AB  - In order to determine whether the high affinity state or the low affinity state
      of the dopamine receptor mediated the inhibition of release of PRL by dopamine
      agonists, a large number of dopaminergic agonists (n = 31) and antagonists (n =
      24) were tested for their potencies to inhibit the binding of [3H] spiperone to
      porcine anterior pituitary tissue, and for their potencies to affect the release
      of PRL from rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. All agonists (except
      bromocriptine, ergocryptine, and dihydroergocryptine) inhibited [3H]spiperone
      binding in two phases: one phase occurred at nanomolar or subnanomolar
      concentrations (representing the high affinity state of the dopamine receptor)
      and the other phase occurred at much higher concentrations of agonist (the low
      affinity state of the dopamine receptor). The dissociation constants (K) for each
      drug at each state were derived by computer, with the program LIGAND. It was
      observed that the agonist K values for the high affinity state were virtually
      identical with those agonist concentrations inhibiting PRL release; the K values
      for the low affinity state were about 2 orders higher. These data suggest that
      the high affinity state of the D2 dopamine receptor is the functional state which
      mediates the inhibition of PRL release.

PMID- 4017955
TI  - Effects of chronic prolactin administration on renal hemodynamics in the rat.
AB  - Experiments were performed to measure the systemic and renal hemodynamic effects
      of chronic PRL administration to female rats (in which pseudopregnancy was
      induced) and male rats. Studies were performed in rats of the Munich-Wistar and
      Sprague-Dawley strains. In micropuncture studies under anesthesia, no differences
      were seen in plasma volumes or whole kidney or glomerular hemodynamics in PRL
      injected rats compared to those sham-injected controls regardless of sex. In
      separate studies, observations were made in conscious, chronically catheterized
      female rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain. Neither the glomerular filtration rate
      nor the renal plasma flow rate was different on day 9 of PRL-induced
      pseudopregnancy compared to values in the control state in the same animals.
      Thus, PRL-induced pseudopregnancy does not cause increases in glomerular
      filtration rate, renal plasma flow rate, or single nephron GFR or its
      determinants, whereas in previous studies on pseudopregnancy resulting from a
      sterile mating, increases in glomerular and renal hemodynamics occurred which
      were indistinguishable from those seen during the first half of pregnancy in the
      rat. These data suggest that PRL is not involved directly in either the plasma
      volume expansion or increase in renal hemodynamics that occurs after mating in
      the rat.

PMID- 4017956
TI  - Bipotential actions of estrogen on progesterone biosynthesis by ovarian cells.
      II. Relation of estradiol's stimulatory actions to cholesterol and progestin
      metabolism in cultured swine granulosa cells.
AB  - Although both inhibitory and stimulatory actions of estradiol on swine granulosa
      cells have been described, the bases for these inconsistent effects are not
      clear. We have tested properties of ovarian follicles and in vitro culture
      conditions that result in consistently stimulatory effects of estradiol on
      progesterone biosynthesis. Stimulatory actions of estradiol (in contrast to
      inhibitory effects) were critically dependent upon the density of granulosa cells
      in culture and the size and maturational status of the parent Graafian follicles.
      Granulosa cells isolated from small, rather than medium or large sized, swine
      follicles exhibited the greatest peak response to estradiol, although half
      maximally stimulatory concentrations (ED50) of estradiol were similar (mean, 81
      ng/ml). Granulosa cells from atretic follicles also secreted increased quantities
      of progesterone in response to estradiol, but the ED50 for estrogen stimulation
      was significantly higher (ED50 = 322 ng/ml estradiol) than that of comparable
      healthy follicles (ED50 = 109 ng/ml). This estrogen-responsive system was used to
      test the mechanisms subserving estrogen's trophic actions on granulosa cells.
      Estradiol significantly enhanced the activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase with consequently increased production of progesterone and 20 alpha
      hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one. Estrogen also augmented functional cholesterol side
      chain cleavage activity in a dose- and time-dependent fashion with a resultant
      increase in pregnenolone biosynthesis. Moreover, parallel observations documented
      concordant dose responses for the synthesis of all three major progestins by pig
      granulosa cells. The trophic actions of estrogen on the steroidogenic pathway
      were associated with enhanced hydrolysis of endogenous cholesteryl ester stores
      but were not significantly antagonized by inhibition of de novo cholesterol
      biosynthesis. We conclude that suitable follicle selection and appropriate in
      vitro culture conditions provide a consistently estrogen-responsive granulosa
      cell system, in which estradiol modulates certain key aspects of progestin and
      cholesterol metabolism. These trophic actions of estrogen are likely to prepare
      granulosa cells for the increased rates of progesterone biosynthesis ultimately
      required by fully differentiated luteal cells.

PMID- 4017957
TI  - Triiodothyronine (T3)-induced thermogenesis: altered T3-efficiency in tissues
      from fed, starved, and refed hypothyroid rats.
AB  - A microcalorimetric study of perifused tissue samples obtained from hypothyroid
      thyroidectomized rats killed 15 h after a single injection of T3 was conducted in
      order to observe at the tissue level, and in a constant environment, the T3
      dependent thermogenesis induced in fed, starved, and refed states. When 9
      micrograms T3/100 g BW had been administered to fed animals, tissue heat
      production rate (E) increased in liver, soleus muscle, and myocardium. In kidney
      cortex an increase in E was observed only after 90 micrograms T3. A dose-response
      study was performed with liver samples, in which both oxygen consumption and heat
      production rates were measured. Liver and soleus muscle were then further
      investigated. T3-dependent thermogenesis could not be demonstrated in tissues
      obtained from rats which had been starved for 3 days before receiving 9
      micrograms T3/100 g BW. After a small carbohydrate intake corresponding to about
      60 kJ/rat (refed state; 1 kJ congruent to 0.4 kcal) given over a 3-h period
      preceding the injection of T3, T3-dependent thermogenesis was again present. It
      is concluded that differences in T3 dependent thermogenesis similar to those
      previously observed in animals under different nutritional states continue to
      exist in vitro, when tissues are no longer exposed to differing levels of humoral
      factors.

PMID- 4017958
TI  - Hormonal changes in burned hamsters.
AB  - Burned male Syrian hamsters (burn size 23% of body surface) exhibited reduced
      total (T4) and free (FT4) serum concentrations, a defect in T4 binding to serum
      proteins manifested by the T4 dialyzable fraction but not the in vitro T3
      charcoal uptake, and reduced serum testosterone concentration. These changes are
      similar to those noted previously in burned humans. Unlike such patients, burned
      hamsters did not exhibit reduced serum T3 nor elevated rT3 concentrations in a
      reproducible manner. Pinealectomy performed before burning in hamsters did not
      prevent the burn-induced depression in serum T4 and testosterone.

PMID- 4017959
TI  - Changes in very low density lipoprotein particle size and production in response
      to sucrose feeding and hyperinsulinemia.
AB  - The effects of chronic (2 weeks) hyperinsulinemia on the production of very low
      density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride and on VLDL particle size were examined.
      Hyperinsulinemia was induced by a constant sc infusion of 6 U porcine insulin/day
      from an osmotic minipump. To avoid profound hypoglycemia, these rats received
      chow plus 10% sucrose in their drinking water. Therefore, two control groups were
      examined; one receiving chow plus the same amount of sucrose (high carbohydrate
      control) and the other receiving chow only (chow control). The constant infusion
      model was compared to a previously reported model of hyperinsulinemia. In that
      model, NPH insulin was injected for 2 weeks twice daily in incrementally
      increasing doses (final dose, 6 U/day) into rats that were also fed chow and
      given 10% sucrose drinking water. Results with the injection model were similar
      to those previously reported: an increase in triglyceride production in face of a
      decrease in FFA, a minimal decrease in serum triglyceride, and some decrease in
      serum glucose. The infusion model produced the same increase in triglyceride
      production and decrease in fatty acid concentration. However, it differed in
      producing an increase in serum triglyceride and no change in serum glucose. The
      former suggested that in the infusion model triglyceride removal was not
      stimulated as much as in the injection model. Since there was no hypoglycemia in
      the infusion model, it was unlikely that VLDL changes were caused by an increase
      in counter regulatory hormones. VLDL particle size was increased in the high
      carbohydrate controls. This indicated that changes in sucrose supplementation led
      to the production of more triglyceride-filled VLDL particles. Hyperinsulinemia
      was not accompanied by any further increase in particle size. Thus, the
      hyperinsulinemia-induced increase in VLDL-triglyceride production was accompanied
      by an equivalent increase in VLDL particle production.

PMID- 4017960
TI  - 25-Hydroxycholesterol-supported and 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      stimulated testosterone production by primary cultures of two populations of rat
      Leydig cells.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated the presence of two
      populations of rat Leydig cells (I and II), which differ in their capacity for
      hCG- or cAMP-stimulated testosterone production. In the present study, we
      examined the metabolism of 25-hydroxycholesterol in primary cultures of both
      populations of Leydig cells. 25-Hydroxycholesterol bypasses the cAMP-dependent
      transport mechanism to the mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 side-chain cleavage
      enzyme (P-450scc) required by cholesterol and thus provides an index of the
      relative activity of P-450scc. Incubation of Leydig cells with increasing
      concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol resulted in a concentration-dependent
      increase in the amount of testosterone produced, with maximal amounts in both
      populations being reached at 25-hydroxycholesterol concentrations of 5 microM or
      greater. Population II produced more than twice as much testosterone as
      population I Leydig cells, whether incubated with 25-hydroxycholesterol or with 8
      bromo-cAMP. Each population of Leydig cells produced 2.5-fold greater amounts of
      testosterone when incubated with 25-hydroxycholesterol than when incubated with 8
      bromo-cAMP. In both populations of Leydig cells, cAMP-stimulated testosterone
      production was not different in cells cultured for 24 h from that in freshly
      isolated Leydig cells. These data suggest that cholesterol transport to P-450scc
      limits maximal testosterone production, and that the difference in hCG- or cAMP
      stimulated testosterone production between the two populations of Leydig cells is
      primarily due to differences in P-450scc activity between the two populations and
      is not a result of population I consisting mostly of damaged Leydig cells.

PMID- 4017961
TI  - Vasopressin release in male and female rats: effects of gonadectomy and treatment
      with gonadal steroid hormones.
AB  - We have found, in normal Wistar rats 10-11 weeks old, that the plasma vasopressin
      concentration (PADH) and the 24-h urinary excretion of vasopressin (UADHV) were
      higher in males than in females (P less than 0.01). In rats that were
      gonadectomized when they were 3 weeks old and studied when they were 10-11 weeks
      old, PADH and UADHV were reduced in males (P less than 0.01) and increased in
      females (P less than 0.01 for UADHV; PADH not significant) compared to those in
      intact males and females, respectively. Treatment of castrated male rats with
      testosterone tended to increase PADH, but estradiol, progesterone, or a
      combination of estradiol and progesterone were without effect; UADHV was
      increased by testosterone (P less than 0.01) and lowered by estradiol plus
      progesterone (P less than 0.01). In ovariectomized rats, PADH was unaffected by
      either testosterone or estradiol, but was decreased by progesterone alone (P less
      than 0.05) or in combination with estradiol (P less than 0.05). In these
      ovariectomized rats, UADHV was unaffected by testosterone and was decreased by
      estradiol and progesterone individually or in combination (P less than 0.01).
      These findings suggest that the gonadal steroid hormones can act either centrally
      to affect ADH release or peripherally to affect ADH metabolism. Compared to
      intact male rats, the lower PADH in intact female rats was accompanied by lower
      urine osmolality and greater urine volume, but further study will be required to
      appreciate fully the physiological significance of the differing PADH in males
      and females.

PMID- 4017962
TI  - Concentrations of thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine at 34 different sites in
      euthyroid rats as determined by an isotopic equilibrium technique.
AB  - The present study was designed to assess the quantities of T4 and T3, and the
      source (i.e. plasma-derived vs. locally produced) of the latter iodothyronine, in
      various rat tissues. For this purpose, normal intact rats were brought to
      isotopic equilibrium by means of a continuous iv infusion of [125I]T4 and
      [131I]T3 for a prolonged period. At the end of the infusion period, the animals
      were bled and perfused. Either whole small organs or weighed portions of tissues
      were homogenized in saline. The iodothyronines were extracted with ethanol
      ammonia and separated by TLC. The [125I]T3/[131I]T3 ratios for the tissue
      homogenates and plasma were determined, and the relative contribution of the T3
      derived from local T4 to T3 conversion [abbreviated: Lc T3 (T4)] to the total T3
      in a given tissue was calculated. The endogenous T4 and T3 levels in the various
      organs were computed from the known specific activities of the labeled
      iodothyronines. The concentration of T4 in plasma greatly exceeded that found for
      tissue. Among the tissues examined, the T4 concentration was highest in the liver
      and lowest in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. T3 (per gram) was most abundant in
      the kidney and anterior pituitary gland and least abundant in the testis,
      epididymis, and erythrocytes. In contrast to the other tissues investigated, the
      concentration of T3 in several regions of the brain and anterior pituitary gland
      either equalled or exceeded that of T4. Plasma exhibited by far the lowest T3/T4
      ratio. For most of the organs investigated the contribution of Lc T3(T4) appeared
      to be low. On the other hand, in 15 tissues, including the central nervous
      system, the local production of T3 accounted for one fifth or more of the total
      T3 content. Although there were no regional differences between the total T3
      levels in the brain, the relative contribution of Lc T3(T4) was 65% in the
      cerebral cortex and only 22% in the spinal cord. The variation in the source of
      T3 in the various parts of the central nervous system may be related to regional
      differences in T4 and T3 metabolism. The fact that the present study demonstrates
      that the relationship between circulating T3 and intracellular T3 varies from one
      organ to the next may be important for accurate interpretation of plasma T4 and
      T3 levels and for designing optimal thyroid hormone replacement therapy for
      patients with hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4017963
TI  - The clearance and metabolism of estradiol and estradiol-17-esters in the rat.
AB  - The C-17 fatty acid esters of estradiol are naturally occurring estrogens which
      have been shown to circulate in blood. They are long-acting estrogens, analogous
      to the synthetic alkyl and aryl esters of estrogens which have been used
      pharmacologically for decades. To determine the mechanisms involved in the
      prolonged stimulation evoked by these nonpolar estrogens, several C-17 alkyl
      esters were synthesized and labeled with 3H at C-17 alpha, and their metabolism
      and clearance were studied and compared to those of estradiol in rats. The
      conversion of the C-17-3H to 3H2O was used as a marker of metabolism. While the
      clearance of the long chain esters from blood is somewhat slower than that of
      estradiol (t 1/2 = approximately 16 vs. 2 min, respectively), the rates of
      metabolism are dramatically different. For example, the t 1/2 of metabolism for
      two representative esters, estradiol-17-stearate and arachidonate, are 580 and
      365 min, respectively, while the t 1/2 of metabolism for estradiol is about as
      fast as its clearance from blood (approximately 2 min). When the effect of chain
      length was studied, it was found that for the smaller esters, there was an
      inverse relationship between the size of the acyl group and the clearance from
      blood, i.e. the longer carboxylic acids were cleared more slowly. However, when
      the acyl group was lengthened from C12 to C14, the rate of clearance increased
      and was even faster with C18. Nevertheless, with all of the esters tested, the
      rate of metabolism steadily decreased as the chain length increased. These
      results are interpreted as indicating that the control point or rate-limiting
      step in the metabolism of the estradiol esters is the esterase that hydrolyzes
      the ester to estradiol. Thus, the prolonged estrogenic action of the C-17-alkyl
      esters is due to the slow release of estradiol from this hydrophobic reservoir.

PMID- 4017964
TI  - Maternal and fetal production rates of progesterone in rhesus macaques: placental
      transfer and conversion to cortisol.
AB  - Maternal and fetal progesterone (P4) metabolism and placental transfer were
      examined in vivo. Via a femoral vein, 3.2 microCi[14C]P4 were infused at a
      constant rate for 2 h into five rhesus macaques on days 131-137 of gestation.
      Simultaneously, 12 microCi[3H]P4 were infused into the fetuses via a placental
      bridging vein. Measurement of steady state concentrations of [14C]- and [3H]P4 in
      the maternal and fetal circulations permitted calculation of the MCRs, production
      rates (PRs), and transfer rates (Vs) of P4. The maternal MCR (533 liters/day) was
      higher than the fetal MCR (93 liters/day), whereas the maternal PR did not differ
      significantly from the fetal PR (2.3 and 1.0 mg/day, respectively). Placental
      transfer of P4 from the fetal to maternal circulation (VFM) was greater than that
      from the maternal to fetal circulation (VMF). Values were 0.23 and 0.07 mg/day,
      respectively. The utilization of circulating P4 as a substrate for fetal cortisol
      (F) production was examined in three additional monkeys for whom the amount of
      isotopically labeled P4 infusate was increased 5-fold. By determining the ratio
      of specific activities of [3H]F and [3H]P4 in the fetal circulation, we found the
      maximum contribution of circulating fetal P4 as a precursor of fetal F to be less
      than 1%. Our results indicate that: 1) higher fetal than maternal plasma P4
      concentrations (11.3 and 4.3 ng/ml, respectively) are most likely the result of 5
      fold lower fetal MCR, since the PRs are similar in the fetal and maternal
      compartments, and the VFM is greater than the VMF; and 2) fetal F production
      using circulating P4 as a substrate is minimal.

PMID- 4017965
TI  - Conformational requirements for activity of salmon calcitonin.
AB  - A series of deletion-substitution analogs of salmon calcitonin (SCT) have been
      prepared containing combinations of a glycine substitution in position 8 and
      deletions of serine-2 and tyrosine-22. Biological activity of the analogs with
      respect to native SCT were determined in the rat hypocalcemic assay and by
      studying stimulation of cAMP formation and competition for binding of 125I
      labeled SCT in T47 D human breast cancer cells. It was found that each of the
      analogs retained full potency, irrespective of the means of assessment. It is
      suggested that conservation of the alpha-helical region of SCT, along with the
      overall tertiary structure, are more important for peptide potency than chain
      length per se.

PMID- 4017966
TI  - Modulating influence of D,L-propranolol on triiodothyronine-induced skeletal
      muscle protein degradation.
AB  - There is evidence suggesting that thyrotoxicosis increases beta-adrenoreceptor
      density on some target tissues. We have studied the in vivo effect of D,L
      propranolol (a nonselective beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent) on T3-induced
      enhancement of in situ proteolysis in fast twitch muscle fibers of the rat.
      Chronic treatment with T3 as opposed to saline resulted in a 76% enhancement of
      the rate of in situ muscle proteolysis [0.79 +/- 0.04 (n = 8) compared with 0.45
      +/- 0.01 (n = 8) nmol tyrosine/mg muscle . 2 h]. Treatment of rats with both T3
      and 2 mg propranolol resulted in a 62% reduction in the T3-induced increment in
      situ muscle proteolysis [0.58 +/- 0.02 (n = 8) vs. 0.79 +/- 0.04]. This
      significant inhibition by propranolol of T3-induced enhanced proteolytic rates in
      vitro suggests that this may comprise one component of the observed beneficial
      clinical effects of beta-blockade in thyrotoxic myopathy.

PMID- 4017967
TI  - Adrenocortical cell function in the hypophysectomized domestic fowl: effects of
      growth hormone and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine replacement.
AB  - The control of adrenocortical function in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)
      was investigated using adrenocortical cells isolated from hypophysectomized
      (hypox) and intact cockerels and from hypox cockerels injected with T3, purified
      chicken GH (cGH), and T3 plus cGH. Corticosterone in plasma and cell incubations
      was measured by RIA. Cellular responses to varying concentrations of
      steroidogenic agents were fitted and statistically analyzed by computer.
      Hypophysectomy reduced the basal plasma corticosterone (B) concentration to 53%
      of the value in intact birds and eliminated a stress response. Although
      hypophysectomy reduced adrenal weight by 20%, it did not change relative adrenal
      weight (milligrams per 100 g BW). However, replacement with cGH increased
      relative adrenal weight by 24%, whereas replacement with T3 or T3 plus cGH
      reduced relative adrenal weight by 16%. In the absence of steroidogenic agents,
      there were no detectable differences in B production by adrenocortical cells
      isolated from various experimental groups. However, with a maximal steroidogenic
      concentration of ACTH, B production by isolated adrenocortical cells from hypox
      birds was 61% of that by cells from intact birds. The ED50 of ACTH for cells from
      hypox cockerels was 2.7 times greater than that of cells from intact cockerels,
      thus indicating a loss of cell sensitivity to ACTH after hypophysectomy (the
      greater the ED50, the lesser the cell sensitivity). Although cGH replacement
      increased maximal B production (Bmax) induced by ACTH to 329% that by cells from
      hypox cockerels, it increased the ACTH ED50 3.6 times, thus decreasing cell
      sensitivity more than hypophysectomy alone. In contrast to cGH, T3 replacement
      maintained the cell sensitivity to ACTH at the level of cells from intact birds,
      but lowered Bmax to 54% that of cells from hypox cockerels. The combination of
      cGH and T3 administered to hypox cockerels both maintained cell sensitivity to
      ACTH and raised the Bmax to 358% that of cells from hypox animals. These
      treatments also affected 8-bromo-cAMP-induced Bmax and pregnenolone-supported
      Bmax, but did not significantly alter the ED50 of these agents.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4017968
TI  - Catecholestrogen regulation of prolactin synthesis in pituitary cell culture.
AB  - The 2-hydroxycatecholestrogens, 2-hydroxyestradiol [1,3,5-(10)estratriene-2,3,17
      beta-triol] (2-OHE2) and 2-hydroxyestrone [2,3-dihydroxy-1,3,5-(10)-estratriene
      17-one] (2-OHE1) were tested for their ability to alter PRL production and PRL
      messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in rat pituitary cell cultures. Treatment of cells
      with 10(-8) M 2-OHE1 or 2-OHE2 resulted in increased PRL secretion at 24 and 48 h
      (to 167% and 211% of control, respectively), but not at 4 h. Metabolism studies
      of radioactive 2-OHE1 and 2-OHE2 in parallel cultures demonstrated that the major
      metabolite at all times for either compound was the 2-methoxy derivative. After
      24 h of treatment, nearly 40% of each compound was the original catecholestrogen,
      and at no time was there any detectable conversion to estradiol or estrone.
      Treatment of pituitary cells for 48 h with increasing concentrations of 2-OHE1 or
      2-OHE2 resulted in a biphasic PRL dose response. PRL secretion was increased 3.6
      fold for 2-OHE2 and 2.4-fold for 2-OHE1 between 10(-10) M and 10(-8) M. At
      concentrations above 5 X 10(-8) M, however, both compounds decreased PRL levels
      until, at 10(-6) M 2-OHE1 or 2-OHE2, PRL levels were 40-70% of control. Changes
      in PRL mRNA levels paralleled those of secretion. Treatment of pituitary cells
      with 10(-8) M of either 17 beta-estradiol (E2), 2-OHE1, or 2-OHE2 resulted in 2-
      to 5-fold increases in translatable and hybridizable PRL mRNA. The addition of
      10(-7) M E2 plus 10(-8) M 2-OHE1 or 2-OHE2 resulted in PRL secretion and PRL mRNA
      levels equal to those resulting from E2 stimulation alone. The inhibition in PRL
      secretion and PRL mRNA levels caused by 10(-6) M 2-OHE1 or 2-OHE2 was partially
      overcome by coincubation of cultures with E2. Thus, 2-OHE1 and 2-OHE2 at low
      concentrations (less than 10(-8) M) can act on the pituitary as E2 agonists to
      increase PRL synthesis but at high concentrations may act as inhibitors of PRL
      production.

PMID- 4017969
TI  - Difference in the mechanism of action of alpha-adrenergic agonists and
      vasopressin or angiotensin II in stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis; a role of
      extracellular calcium concentration.
AB  - The role of extracellular calcium in hormone-induced glycogenolysis was examined
      in a rat liver perfusion system by manipulating the perfusate calcium
      concentration and by using calcium antagonistic drugs. When the perfusate
      contained 1 mM CaCl2, 5 microM phenylephrine, 20 nM vasopressin, and 10 nM
      angiotensin II caused a persistent increase in glucose output and phosphorylase
      activity as well as a transient increase in 45Ca efflux from 45Ca preloaded
      liver. Verapamil hydrochloride (20-100 microM) inhibited the activation of
      glucose output by these hormones in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory
      effect was also associated with the inhibition of hormone-induced activation of
      phosphorylase and 45Ca efflux. In the absence of CaCl2 in the perfusate, the
      glycogenolytic effect of phenylephrine and its inhibition by verapamil were
      obtained equally as in the presence of CaCl2. However, the effects of vasopressin
      and angiotensin II were markedly attenuated and were not inhibited any further by
      verapamil. The substitution of diltiazem hydrochloride for verapamil produced
      essentially identical results. Cyclic AMP concentrations in the tissue did not
      change under any of these test conditions. The results indicate that the
      glycogenolytic effect of alpha-adrenergic agonists depends on intracellular
      calcium but those of vasopressin and angiotensin II on extracellular calcium, and
      support the concept that calcium antagonistic drugs inhibit the glycogenolytic
      effects of calcium-dependent hormones at least by inhibiting the mobilization of
      calcium ion from cellular pools.

PMID- 4017970
TI  - Salivary testosterone concentration and testicular volume in male infants.
AB  - In order to investigate the changes in testicular volumes (TV) and salivary
      testosterone concentrations (ST) in normal male infants aged from birth to one
      year, TV in 158 and ST in 61 infants were measured cross-sectionally during this
      period. ST of normal male adolescents in Tanner's public hair stage from P2 to P5
      (n = 20) were also measured as the control. To clarify the relationship between
      remarkable height increase and testosterone (T) during early male infancy,
      longitudinal follow-up of 10 male infants (4 from birth to 4 months, 6 from birth
      to 7 months) were also carried out by simultaneous measurement of ST and crown
      heel length. Maximum TV (ml) was observed at 1-4 months (1.7 +/- 0.6) (mean +/-
      SD) and was significantly higher than the values at birth (0.5 +/- 0.1, P less
      than 0.01) and at 6-12 months of age (1.4 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.01). Maximum St
      (ng/dl) was also observed at 1-4 months, with the mean value being 3.4 +/- 1.5,
      which was significantly higher than 1.9 +/- 0.8 at 6-12 months (P less than
      0.01). The ST at four month was not significantly different from that at Tanner's
      pubic hair stage P2. The longitudinal study showed that the rise in ST was
      concomitant with the maximum increase in crown-heel length at 1-4 months. The
      fluctuations in ST and height increase were also apparently synchronous during
      the first year.

PMID- 4017971
TI  - A serum-free culture of the neurons in the septal, preoptic, and hypothalamic
      region. Effects of triiodothyronine and estradiol.
AB  - Serial modifications of Bottenstein and Sato' serum-free hormone-supplemented
      medium resulted in a new promising medium (1 : 1 mixture of L15 and MCDB 104
      containing several supplements) for culturing neonatal rat brain cells. This
      medium favored the morphological and biochemical differentiation of the neurons,
      including particular types of cholinergic and cholinoceptive neurons, obtained
      enzymatically from the septum, preoptic area, and hypothalamus. On the other
      hand, the growth of non-neuronal cells was markedly suppressed in this medium.
      Therefore, their effects on the neurons are minimized in this culture. Effects of
      triiodothyronine (T3) and estradiol (E2) on the activities of choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), synthetic and
      degradative enzymes for acetylcholine, respectively, were examined in this
      culture. The optimal concentrations of T3 and E2 for AChE activity were around 1
      nM and 10 pM, respectively. However, E2 appeared to be somewhat inhibitory at
      higher concentrations. Although the activity of ChAT was maximum around 10 pM of
      E2, the ChAT activity increased as the concentration of T3 was increased to 100
      nM.

PMID- 4017972
TI  - Productivity of immunoreactive prolactin (IR-PRL) by the human decidual explants:
      a new sampling method.
AB  - In the present study, we used an explant culture system of the human decidual
      tissues involving a new sampling method for investigating the productivity of
      immunoreactive prolactin (IR-PRL) for a 5 day period in labored and nonlabored
      deliveries. The maximal release of IR-PRL in the incubation medium for each 24
      hour interval was achieved from the 2nd to the 3rd day of culture in both groups,
      which was 145.2 +/- 14.0 ng/ml/10 mg w.w. (mean +/- s.e.; n = 7) in the labor
      group and 101.5 +/- 16.3 ng/ml/10 mg w.w. (mean +/- s.e.; n = 4) in the nonlabor
      group. The release of IR-PRL in both groups was not significantly different for
      the first 3 days. However, the amount of IR-PRL released in the nonlabor group
      was 50 to 70% of that of the labor group. The tissue content of IR-PRL in both
      groups ranged between 3.0 and 5.0 ng/ml/10 mg w.w. From these results, it was
      concluded that 1) our explant culture system for the human decidual tissues
      produced considerably more IR-PRL than those previously reported and 2)
      productivity of IR-PRL was lower in nonlabored delivery than in labored delivery
      and 3) since the tissue content of IR-PRL for each 24 hour interval was very
      small, it should be strongly emphasized that the production and release of IR-PRL
      takes place simultaneously in the human decidual tissues.

PMID- 4017973
TI  - Measurement of urinary steroid profile in patients with adrenal tumor as a
      screening method for carcinoma.
AB  - Results of measurement of urinary steroid metabolite profile using gas
      chromatographic analysis in eight patients with adrenocortical tumors, i.e. 3
      adenomas with Cushing's Syndrome, one adenoma with virilization, one adenoma
      without clinical manifestations, one carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome and
      virilization, one carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome and feminization, and one
      carcinoma without endocrinological symptoms, are reported. A unique pattern
      dominated by 5 beta and 11 beta-hydroxy steroid metabolites was confirmed in five
      patients with Cushing's syndrome consisting of three cases with adenomas and two
      with carcinomas. Excessive 3 alpha, 17 alpha, 21-trihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one
      (tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol, THS) and delta 5-pregnene-3 beta, 11 alpha, 20
      alpha-triol (delta 5-pregnenetriol) values were found in all three carcinomas
      including a nonfunctional carcinoma. These findings would strongly suggest the
      tumor to be a carcinoma, although excessive excretion of THS and delta 5
      pregnenetriol was detected in one patient with a large adenoma associated with
      virilization. One patient with carcinoma was responsive to ACTH stimulation while
      the remainder show almost no response to exogenous ACTH. Urinary steroid
      profiling using gas chromatographic analysis, especially the values for THS and
      delta 5-pregnenetriol, appears to be a useful method to use in detecting these
      steroid metabolic characteristics in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma.

PMID- 4017974
TI  - Sleep-related growth hormone release in thyrotoxic patients before and during
      propylthiouracil therapy.
AB  - Hyporesponsiveness of GH to insulin-induced hypoglycemia has previously been
      reported in hyperthyroid patients. In order to clarify the GH secretion in
      thyrotoxic patients, sleep-related increases in the serum GH concentration were
      investigated. Eight thyrotoxic females ranging in age from 7 to 15 were treated
      with PTU. Blood samples for measurement of GH were drawn every 15 minutes during
      the first few hours of sleep before and during the treatment lasting about three
      months. The mean maximum serum GH level before the treatment was 10.0 +/- 5.5
      ng/ml (mean +/- SD); this rose to 23.2 +/- 14.6 ng/ml (P less than 0.02) during
      the treatment. The maximum value of more than 10 ng/ml was detected in only 3 out
      of the 8 patients before treatment. On the other hand, serum GH levels during PTU
      administration rose to above 10 ng/ml in all patients except one. It was revealed
      that sleep-related elevations of GH occurred early in sleep and in close
      association with a slow-wave EEG pattern. The results show that sleep-related GH
      release is low in the hyperthyroid state, but becomes significantly elevated
      during PTU administration. However, even in the hyperthyroid state, the sleep
      related secretion of GH is closely correlated with the slow-wave sleep stage as
      in the euthyroid condition.

PMID- 4017975
TI  - The metabolism of aldosterone and 3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydroaldosterone in the
      rabbit.
AB  - Analysis of urinary metabolites of [1, 2-3H]-aldosterone and [1, 2-3H]-3 alpha, 5
      beta-tetrahydroaldosterone was performed in male rabbits. The preliminary
      separation of urinary metabolites was carried out by submitting these metabolites
      to countercurrent distribution. Further separation of each fraction thus obtained
      was achieved by means of DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography. The separated
      peak was then hydrolyzed with the enzyme and the free steroid released was
      identified on the basis of the mobilities of the steroid and its derivatives on
      paper chromatography. After the injection of [1, 2-3H]-aldosterone, a major
      urinary metabolite was characterized as monosulphate of 3 alpha, 5 beta
      tetrahydroaldosterone. In addition, a small amount of the monoglucosiduronate
      fraction was found in the urine. 3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydroaldosterone and 3
      beta, 5 alpha-tetrahydroaldosterone were detected as aglycones in this fraction.
      After the injection of [1, 2-3H]-3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydroaldosterone, a similar
      pattern of urinary radiometabolites was observed. The close similarity between
      the profile of urinary metabolites of [1, 2-3H]-aldosterone and that of [1, 2-3H]
      3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydroaldosterone suggests that the conversion of aldosterone
      to 3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydroaldosterone is needed before the conjugation
      processes take place.

PMID- 4017976
TI  - Production of anti-human thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid hormone antibodies in
      rabbits immunized with human thyroglobulin.
AB  - Two rabbits (TG-1, TG-2) were immunized with human thyroglobulin (HTg) and bled
      serially. Antisera were obtained at different times after the first immunization
      and kept separately and studied. In both rabbits production of anti-HTg, and anti
      thyroid hormone antibodies such as anti-thyroxine (T4) and anti-triiodothyronine
      (T3) antibodies was observed. Binding parameters of anti-HTg antibodies with HTg,
      T4, and T3 were calculated in two selected antisera (70-day and 249-day). The
      Scatchard's plots of these antibodies were all curve-linear and were analyzed in
      two components: one, higher binding constant (Ka1) and smaller binding capacity
      (Cap1) and the other, lower binding constant (Ka2) and larger binding capacity
      (Cap2). Ka1 values of anti-HTg, anti-T4, and anti-T3 antibodies in sera from TG-1
      obtained from 70-day and 249-day bleeding were 1.1 X 10(10) M-1, 6.0 X 10(9) M-1.
      7.9 X 10(8) M-1 and 1.7 X 10(10) M-1, 6.5 X 10(9) M-1, 1.0 X 10(9) M-1,
      respectively. Those from TG-2 were 1.7 X 10(10) M-1, 1.8 X 10(9) M-1, 6.4 X 10(8)
      M-1 and 2.0 X 10(10) M-1, 3.1 X 10(9) M-1, 1.6 X 10(9) M-1, respectively. The
      significance of the production of anti-HTg and anti-thyroid hormone antibodies in
      rabbits immunized with HTg in relation to the antigenic structure of HTg molecule
      was discussed.

PMID- 4017977
TI  - Distribution of vasopressin and oxytocin in rat brain.
AB  - Arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin in various portions of rat brain were
      determined by radioimmunoassays. The hormones were extracted from tissue samples
      into 0.1 N HCl and then purified partially with acetone-petroleum ether
      extraction. The non-equilibration method was used for the assays. In this method
      recovery rates of arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin were 73.0 +/- 4.4% and 75.0
      +/- 3.8%, respectively. Sensitivities of the assays were 1 pg of arginine
      vasopressin and 0.75 pg (0.3 microU) of oxytocin per assay tube. The higher
      concentrations of arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin were confirmed in the
      hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system, where these hormones are synthesized,
      transported and stored. Relatively high concentrations of these hormones,
      especially oxytocin, were detected in spinal cord. Amygdala, hippocampus, limbic
      forebrain and pineal body contained a certain amount of arginine-vasopressin (2
      20 pg/mg protein). Oxytocin (1-7 pg/mg protein) was also detected in amygdala,
      pons and medulla oblongata, pineal body and midbrain. The low concentrations of
      these hormones were also found in cerebral cortex and cerebellum.

PMID- 4017978
TI  - The negative correlation between prolactin and ionic calcium in cord blood of
      full term infants.
AB  - Total serum calcium (Ca), ionic calcium (Ca++), phosphorus, magnesium, total
      protein, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcitonin (iCT) and
      prolactin (iPRL) were measured in 30 paired samples of cord and maternal blood
      obtained at term delivery. In the cord blood, the concentrations of Ca, Ca++,
      phosphorus, magnesium, albumin, iCT and iPRL were all higher, and the
      concentrations of total protein and iPTH lower than in the maternal blood. The
      calcium binding capacity of albumin assessed with the equation (Ca-Ca++)/albumin,
      was similar at a given concentration of Ca in both the maternal and fetal
      circulations. There was a significant positive correlation between cord Ca++ and
      maternal Ca or Ca++, and a significant negative correlation between Ca++ and iPRL
      in cord blood. These data suggest that there is an active system transporting
      calcium from mother to fetus through the placenta, and PRL is the only one of the
      three hormones which was correlated with ionic calcium values in the fetus. The
      negative relationship between Ca++ and iPRL in the cord blood suggests an
      inhibitory effect of the relative hypercalcemia on PRL secretion in the fetus.

PMID- 4017979
TI  - Long term treatment of congenital hypothyroidism with L-triiodothyronine: 24 year
      follow-up.
AB  - A congenital hypothyroidism complicated by ventricular septal defects which was
      treated with L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) alone from 1 5/12 to 25 years, is
      described. The patient's growth and development was satisfactory and without side
      effects. It suggests that L-T3 may be a safe drug for long term treatment of
      congenital hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4017980
TI  - Endoscopic gallstone extraction following hydrostatic balloon dilatation of
      stricture in the common bile duct.
AB  - A patient with long-standing biliary complaints and a previous
      cholecystojejunostomy, reputed to be suffering from primary biliary cirrhosis
      was, on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), found to have several large
      gallstones proximal to a stenosis in the common bile duct. After endoscopic
      papillotomy (EPT), and endoscopic hydrostatic dilatation of the stricture, the
      gallstones were successfully removed by means of an endoscopic stone extractor.
      After 15 months the patient remains well, with no complaints, and with completely
      normal liver function tests.

PMID- 4017981
TI  - Endoscopic findings in a case of Kaposi's sarcoma with involvement of the large
      and small bowel.
AB  - A case of Kaposi's sarcoma in underlying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS) with involvement of the colon and the terminal ileum is presented. The
      endoscopic and histological findings are described and the technical and clinical
      aspects of the results discussed.

PMID- 4017982
TI  - Ergotamine-induced colitis.
AB  - We report on a 45-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis of the rectum that arose
      after the use of up to 6 suppositories of a preparation containing ergotamine
      daily over a period of 6 years. On the basis of a review of the literature the
      clinical, endoscopic and histological features of the ergotamine-induced colitis
      are characterized.

PMID- 4017983
TI  - The tRNA cycle and its relation to the rate of protein synthesis.
AB  - With the aid of a kinetic model, we have investigated how the adaptation between
      the various components of the tRNA cycle and the codon frequencies affects the
      rate of protein synthesis. Depending on the relative amounts of total tRNA,
      synthetase and ribosomes, the optimal correlations vary between a situation where
      all tRNA species are either present in equal amounts or are present in amounts
      proportional to the square-root of the corresponding codon frequencies, and a
      situation where the amounts of the different tRNA species present are linearly
      proportional to the codon frequencies.

PMID- 4017984
TI  - Asbestos-induced decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Decomposition of H2O2 by chrysotile asbestos was demonstrated employing titration
      with KMnO4. The participation of OH radicals in this process was delineated
      employing the OH radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A mechanism
      involving the Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions as the pathway for the H2O2
      decomposition and OH radical production is postulated.

PMID- 4017985
TI  - Health effects of airborne effluents released from the nuclear cycle.
AB  - Current trends in regulations governing radioactive release from the nuclear
      cycle and their relationship with population dose and population health damage
      evaluation are discussed. It is shown that, at least in some cases, current
      methods may not grant a correct population-dose evaluation. A procedure to better
      evaluate population doses from gaseous effluents is outlined. It leads to a very
      simple first approximation expression which is independent of the dispersion
      area. Two examples, 85Kr and 222Rn, are worked out in order to give first-order
      evaluations of the population-dose commitment and the related risk. Strong
      discrepancies between the results and current evaluations are found and
      discussed.

PMID- 4017986
TI  - A study of pregnancy outcome in a small area around a chemical factory and a
      chemical dump.
AB  - Pregnancy outcome was studied in three parishes situated around a chemical
      factory from which air and water pollution was considered to have occurred. Data
      on health variables were mainly obtained from registries supplemented with
      hospital record information. No definite reproductive hazards could be
      demonstrated but an unusually high perinatal death rate among twins born in the
      area was noticed. The paper discusses principles involved in the design of a
      study of this type.

PMID- 4017987
TI  - Ozone-related fluorescent compounds in mouse liver and lung.
AB  - Groups of ten female, weanling mice were fed a basal, vitamin E-deficient diet or
      a basal diet supplemented with RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate for 14 months. During
      the last month one group from each dietary regimen was exposed for 30-60 min/day
      to 1.5 ppm ozone (25 hr total ozone exposure) and the remaining groups to control
      ambient air. The liver and lung tissues were homogenized and extracted with 2:1
      chloroform:methanol and water. The water-soluble and organic solvent-soluble
      fluorescent materials were separated on Sephadex G-25 and LH-20 columns,
      respectively. Excitation and emission wavelengths for the eluting fractions were
      determined by continuous emission scans from 250 to 600 nm for each excitation
      wavelength between 250 and 500 nm (in increments of 25 nm). Ozone exposure did
      not effect the concentration of any of the fluorescent materials examined in the
      lung, but it resulted in a significant increase in two of four water-soluble
      compounds in the liver with excitation wavelength maxima/emission wavelength
      maxima of 270 nm/310 nm and 275 nm/350 nm (smaller molecular weight material)
      suggesting in vivo lipid oxidation.

PMID- 4017988
TI  - Influence of selenium on the metabolism of bromobenzene and a possible
      relationship to its hepatotoxicity.
AB  - When male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with sodium selenite (1 mg/kg, sc) 24
      hr prior to or simultaneously with bromobenzene (2.5 mmol/kg, ip) and sacrificed
      48 hr after the bromobenzene dose, increased levels of the activities of serum
      transaminases (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic
      pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) induced in the bromobenzene-treated rats were
      significantly reduced in the presence of selenium. However, no such reduction in
      the transaminases activities were observed when rats were either pretreated with
      selenite for 48 hr or pretreated with 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 mg/kg of selenite.
      Although selenium alone had no effect on the hepatic microsomal drug metabolism,
      simultaneous treatment of selenite (1 mg/kg) with bromobenzene resulted only an
      increase in the activity of aniline hydroxylase after 48 hr as compared to that
      in the bromobenzene-treated group. When rats were given 2.5, 10, and 20 ppm of
      selenite in drinking water daily for 4 weeks prior to an ip injection of 2.5
      mmol/kg of bromobenzene and were sacrificed 48 hr after bromobenzene
      administration, a reduction in the SGOT activities in all the pretreated groups
      and a reduction of SGPT activity in 20 ppm selenite-treated group were observed
      when compared with those in the bromobenzene-treated groups. A dose-dependent
      increase in hepatic GSH concentrations were observed due to such chronic selenium
      treatment. Treatment with selenite (1 mg/kg) 24 hr prior to bromobenzene
      injection (2.5 mmol/kg) increased initially both o and p-bromophenols in the rat
      urine at 0-7.5 hr without affecting urinary thioethers. On the contrary, the
      ratio of thioethers to p-bromophenol was significantly higher in both 2.5 and 10
      ppm selenite-pretreated (4 weeks) rats as well as a significant increase in the
      ratio of thioethers to total phenolic metabolites in 10 ppm and an increase close
      to significant in 2.5 ppm selenite-treated rats were observed initially at 0-7.5
      hr urine samples. These results indicate that acute selenium pretreatment under
      certain conditions, favors increased hydroxylation of the intermediate
      bromobenzene epoxides, whereas higher detoxification of the epoxides involving
      hepatic glutathione (GSH)/GSH transferases pathway is more favored due to
      increased biosynthesis of GSH in certain chronic selenium treated rats.

PMID- 4017989
TI  - Nature of dichlorvos intoxication in a freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei
      (H. Milne Edwards).
AB  - Exposure of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne Edwards) to a
      lethal dose (96-hr LC50;0.78 mg/l) of dichlorvos for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr
      induced inhibition in acetylcholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase activities
      and enhanced acid phosphatase activity. Hepatic glycogen values were depleted
      while the blood glucose level was increased up to 72 hr of exposure. After 96 hr
      of dichlorvos exposure hypoglycemia was recorded. The possible role of these
      changes in the dichlorvos intoxication is discussed.

PMID- 4017991
TI  - Mineral particles, mineral fibers, and lung cancer.
AB  - The total fibrous and nonfibrous mineral content of the lung has been analyzed in
      a series of 14 men with lung cancer but no history of occupational dust exposure,
      and in a series of 14 control men matched for age, smoking history, and general
      occupational class. The lung cancer patients had an average of 525 +/- 369 X
      10(6) exogenous mineral particles and 17.4 +/- 19.6 X 10(6) exogenous mineral
      fibers/g dry lung, while the controls had averages of 261 +/- 175 mineral
      particles and 4.7 +/- 3.2 X 10(6) mineral fibers/g dry lung. These differences
      are statistically significant for both particles and fibers. Kaolinite, talc,
      mica, feldspars, and crystalline silica comprised the majority of particles of
      both groups. Approximately 90% of the particles were smaller than 2 micron in
      diameter and approximately 60% smaller than 1 micron; the mean particle size in
      the cancer group was 1.1 +/- 0.2 micron and in the control group 1.3 +/- 0.2
      micron. In both groups, patients who had smoked more than 35 pack years had
      greater numbers of particles than patients who had smoked less than 35 pack
      years. It is concluded that, in this study, lungs from patients with lung cancer
      had statistically greater numbers of mineral particles and fibers than lungs from
      controls, and that smoking influences total long-term retention of particles from
      all sources.

PMID- 4017990
TI  - Effects of exposure of blood hemoglobin to nitric oxide.
AB  - The effect of oxygen exposure on nitrosylhemoglobin of whole human blood or its
      buffered solution has been determined. The amount of methemoglobin formed was
      determined by an anaerobic modification of the Evelyn-Malloy method; 59% of the
      total hemoglobin of whole blood was oxidized to methemoglobin in the first 15 min
      of the oxygen exposure and 78% of the total hemoglobin was oxidized after 120 min
      of oxygen exposure. Similar results were obtained when nitrosylhemoglobin
      buffered solutions were exposed to the oxygen of the air. A comparison of the
      present in vitro results with these obtained by injecting nitric oxide into the
      rat peritoneal cavity and its implications are discussed.

PMID- 4017992
TI  - Recovery of the murine mononuclear phagocytic system following chronic exposure
      to cadmium.
AB  - Consistent with our previously reported findings, chronic ingestion of cadmium
      chloride in drinking water by mice caused a decrease in the rate of circulation
      clearance of 51Cr-labeled sheep red blood cells (E) and IgG-coated E (E-IgG) due
      to a decrease in the localization of E and E-IgG in the liver. These decreases
      reached their nadirs after 15 weeks of cadmium ingestion and remained relatively
      constant for up to one year during continued ingestion of cadmium. Replacement of
      the drinking water containing cadmium with regular tap water resulted within 8
      days in an improvement in the ability of the mice to clear E and E-IgG. Mice also
      had a decreased ability to develop delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions while
      being given cadmium; this abnormality also returned toward normal after
      withdrawal of cadmium. The return of these two responses toward control levels
      occurred while there was still a large organ burden of cadmium that was not
      measurably different from that at cessation of cadmium ingestion.

PMID- 4017993
TI  - The tissue disposition of zinc and copper following repeated administration of
      cadmium and selenium to rats.
AB  - Female rats were divided into four groups of five rats each including one control
      group (C). The animals were administered Na2SeO3 (Se), (CdCl2 Cd), and Na2SeO3 +
      CdCl2 (Cd + Se). Sodium selenite was given intragastrically at a dose of 0.5 mg
      Se/kg every day and cadmium chloride was injected subcutaneously every other day
      at a dose of 0.3 mg Cd/kg for 2 weeks. Exposure of rats to Cd caused an increase
      in the concentration of copper in the kidneys, blood, and liver and a decrease in
      the lung, but increased the concentration of zinc in the liver and brain and
      diminished it in the muscles and bones. In animals exposed to Se an increase in
      the copper concentration was observed in blood and brain; zinc was increased in
      the blood, heart, brain, and stomach, but decreased in the kidneys. Exposure of
      rats to Cd + Se resulted in an increase of copper in the kidneys and a decrease
      in the spleen, lungs, stomach, muscles and bones. Se prevented the cadmium
      induced diminution of the zinc levels in the muscles and bones.

PMID- 4017994
TI  - Constant rate exposure of pregnant hamsters to arsenate during early gestation.
AB  - We have examined the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of constant-rate
      exposure of pregnant hamsters to arsenate by means of subcutaneous implants of
      osmotic minipumps. Different total exposure regimens were established by varying
      the duration of minipump implants and by varying the concentration of arsenate in
      the minipumps. Dams were killed on Day 13 of pregnancy, 5 days after the critical
      stage of organogenesis. Numbers of resorptions, dead fetuses, and living fetuses
      were obtained. Fetal weights, crown-rump lengths, and the incidence of
      malformations were recorded. Control animals were treated identically with
      minipumps containing demineralized water. The percentage of malformations per
      litter, a direct measure of teratogenesis, was dependent only upon the
      concentration of arsenate in the minipumps. The minimum teratogenic response was
      achieved with a dose of 70 mumol/kg dam/24 hr during the critical stages of
      organogenesis. The embryotoxic (fetotoxic) indicators, fetal weight and crown
      rump length, decreased with increases in exposure time and with increased
      concentrations of arsenate. The resorption rate also depended directly upon
      duration of exposure and concentration of arsenate in the minipump.

PMID- 4017996
TI  - Controlled exposures of volunteers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to
      sulfur dioxide.
AB  - Twenty-four volunteers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were
      exposed to sulfur dioxide (SO2) at 0, 0.4, and 0.8 ppm in an environmental
      control chamber. Exposures lasted 1 hr and included two 15-min exercise periods
      (mean exercise ventilation rate 18 liter/min). Pulmonary mechanical function was
      evaluated before exposure, after initial exercise, and at the end of exposure.
      Blood oxygenation was measured by ear oximetry before exposure and during the
      second exercise period. Symptoms were recorded throughout exposure periods and
      for 1 week afterward. No statistically significant changes in physiology or
      symptoms could be attributed to SO2 exposure. Older adults with COPD seem less
      reactive to a given concentration of SO2 than heavily exercising young adult
      asthmatics. This may be due to lower ventilation rates (i.e., lower SO2 dose
      rates) and/or to lower airway reactivity in the COPD group.

PMID- 4017995
TI  - Effects of cadmium ingestion and food restriction on energy metabolism and tissue
      metal concentrations in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos).
AB  - The single and combined effects of cadmium ingestion and food restriction were
      examined in a 42-day experiment with male, juvenile mallard ducks. A 2 X 3
      factorial design was employed consisting of two levels of food supply (ad libitum
      and 55% of ad libitum intake) and three levels of cadmium in the food (0, 5, or
      50 micrograms Cd/g food). Cadmium ingestion alone had no effect on body or tissue
      weights, liver glycogen, plasma concentrations of glucose, urea, uric acid,
      nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), or
      plasma or adrenal concentrations of corticosterone. The food restriction resulted
      in reduced body weights and reduced weights of livers, kidneys, and testes,
      increased adrenal weights, reduced liver glycogen, increased plasma NEFA
      concentrations, reduced plasma T3 and T4 concentrations, and increased adrenal
      corticosterone concentrations. In combination with the food restriction, cadmium
      ingestion further reduced plasma T3 concentrations and a similar trend was noted
      for T4. Additionally, the highest plasma NEFA concentrations and highest plasma
      and adrenal concentrations of corticosterone were observed in food-restricted
      ducks receiving the highest level of dietary cadmium. These results suggest the
      ability of cadmium ingestion to enhance food restriction-induced alterations in
      energy metabolism at levels of dietary cadmium that are by themselves without
      apparent effect. Also, cadmium ingestion resulted in increased kidney
      concentrations of copper and zinc; this effect on kidney zinc concentrations was
      increased in food-restricted ducks.

PMID- 4017997
TI  - Toxicity of sodium fluoride to the postnatally developing rat kidney.
AB  - The adult rat kidney is an important target organ for sodium fluoride; however,
      the toxicity of fluoride to the developing kidney is unknown. This study examined
      renal function following NaF exposure during the first 4 weeks after birth.
      Sprague-Dawley rats received a single ip injection of 0, 30, or 48 mg/kg NaF on
      postnatal Day 1, 8, 15, or 29. Alterations in renal function, histology, and
      morphology were determined 24, 48, and 120 hr after exposure. Measurements of
      renal function included urine volume, osmolality, the ability to concentrate
      urine during water deprivation, urinary pH, and chloride content. Rats were then
      sacrificed and their kidneys processed for observation by light microscopy. Some
      minor alterations in renal function were observed in the three youngest age
      groups after NaF exposure. These changes included decreased body weight after
      treatment with 30 or 48 mg/kg NaF but increased kidney-body weight ratio in the
      48 mg/kg group on Day 1; decreased urinary pH in both dose groups after treatment
      on Day 1 or 8; increased urinary volume 120 hr after treatment on Day 8; and
      decreased chloride excretion in the 48 mg/kg group 24 hr after injection on Day
      1. None of these effects was severe. In contrast to these results, marked renal
      toxicity was observed in postweaning rats treated on Day 29. The NaF exposure
      resulted in increased kidney weight and kidney/body weight ratio, profound
      diuresis, decreased urinary osmolality, and decreased ability to concentrate
      urine during water deprivation. Urinary chloride excretion was decreased for the
      first 2 days after NaF exposure, then increased in water-deprived rats 120 hr
      after treatment. Glucosuria and hematuria were present for 2 days after treatment
      with 48 mg/kg. Histological lesions were apparent in the proximal tubules of the
      treated Day 29 rats. Thus, the kidney of the suckling rat is largely unresponsive
      to NaF toxicity. Renal sensitivity increases abruptly after weaning in the Day 29
      rat.

PMID- 4017998
TI  - Determination of total and hexavalent chromium in bile after intravenous
      administration of potassium dichromate in rats.
AB  - Total and hexavalent chromium were measured in bile samples obtained from
      cannulated bile ducts of male rats iv administered with potassium dichromate at
      various doses corresponding to 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg of chromium. The evaluation of
      the hexavalent form was performed by separation with a liquid anion exchanger and
      electrothermal atomization-atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination.
      Within 2 hr 1.35-2.23% of the chromium injected was recovered in bile as total
      chromium, the hexavalent form accounting for less than 1% of the total chromium
      collected, which seems almost entirely excreted as trivalent chromium. Since
      Cr(VI) administered iv was quickly reduced to Cr(III) in blood, the possibility
      exists for chromium in trivalent form to penetrate into the liver cells and to be
      excreted in the bile, possibly by binding to a carrier such as the low-molecular
      weight substance described by Yamamoto et al. (A. Yamamoto, O. Wada, and T. Ono,
      Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 59, 515, 1981).

PMID- 4017999
TI  - Seeking urgent pediatric treatment: factors contributing to frequency, delay, and
      appropriateness.
AB  - The present study explored the factors that contribute to mothers' decisions to
      seek urgent medical attention for their children when symptoms are not of a
      traumatic nature. One hundred mothers seeking treatment for their children at a
      prepaid clinic completed a questionnaire eliciting their expectations regarding
      the course of their children's problems, seriousness of the problems, perceived
      responsibility for the symptoms, and extent to which a variety of factors
      contributed to their decisions to seek treatment. Demographic data and
      information about each child's symptoms and medical history were also obtained.
      Four major "reasons for seeking treatment" factors were identified: family
      history of the presenting complaint, worry regarding the symptoms, situational
      variables, and the extent of the child's illness behavior. The appropriateness of
      the visit, delay in seeking treatment, and frequency of mothers' use of the
      pediatric clinic were predicted by the nature of the presenting symptoms
      (particularly the presence of fever), the ages of the mother and child, and two
      of the reasons for seeking treatment factors (i.e., family history and child's
      illness behavior). The present study suggests that mothers pay more attention to
      presenting symptoms and to the children's behavior than to psychosocial stressors
      in deciding to seek urgent care.

PMID- 4018000
TI  - Occupational stress, social support, and depression.
AB  - A model of occupational stress, social support, locus of control, and depression
      among family physicians was developed. Two hundred and ten family physicians were
      administered measures of occupational stress, social support, locus of control,
      and depression. The hypothesized model was evaluated using structural equation
      models (LISREL). Results indicate that occupational stress exerts a direct effect
      on depression. This relationship is moderated directly by family social and
      emotional support and indirectly by the influence of locus of control on family
      social support. Support from peers was not significantly related to depression.
      Findings suggest that individuals with a strong sense of personal control also
      possess beneficial support systems in the presence of stressful situations.

PMID- 4018001
TI  - Prescribing drugs to men and women.
AB  - This article examines how often physicians prescribe therapeutic drugs to men and
      women who present the same complaints or receive the same diagnoses. Data are
      from the 1975 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and pertain to visits made
      by U.S. adults to office-based physicians that year. For most common complaints
      and diagnoses, women receive prescriptions more often than men do. The
      differences are on the small side (1 to 18% more of women's visits result in
      prescriptions than men's), but they are very persistent across a wide variety of
      health problems. Medical differences between men and women patients do not
      explain this. Controlling for medically relevant factors (patient age,
      seriousness of the problem, presence of an illness/injury or not, prior visit
      status, acute vs. chronic problem), the sex differences persist. Women are
      especially likely to get prescriptions during visits for weight gain/obesity and
      visits classed as observation without need for further care. The results suggest
      that psychosocial factors may help explain why women receive prescriptions more
      often during office visits than men do. Those factors could stem from patient
      behaviors such as overt requests for drug therapy or from physician behaviors
      such as sex-biased prescribing.

PMID- 4018002
TI  - Common-sense models of illness: the example of hypertension.
AB  - Our premise was that actions taken to reduce health risks are guided by the
      actor's subjective or common-sense constructions of the health threat. We
      hypothesized that illness threats are represented by their labels and symptoms
      (their identity), their causes, consequences, and duration. These attributes are
      represented at two levels: as concrete, immediately perceptible events and as
      abstract ideas. Both levels guide coping behavior. We interviewed 230 patients
      about hypertension, presumably an asymptomatic condition. When asked if they
      could monitor blood pressure changes, 46% of 50 nonhypertensive, clinic control
      cases said yes, as did 71% of 65 patients new to treatment, 92% of 50 patients in
      continuing treatment, and 94% of 65 re-entry patients, who had previously quit
      and returned to treatment. Patients in the continuing treatment group, who
      believed the treatment had beneficial effects upon their symptoms, reported
      complying with medication and were more likely to have their blood pressure
      controlled. Patients new to treatment were likely to drop out of treatment if:
      they had reported symptoms to the practitioner at the first treatment session, or
      they construed the disease and treatment to be acute. The data suggest that
      patients develop implicit models or beliefs about disease threats, which guide
      their treatment behavior, and that the initially most common model of high blood
      pressure is based on prior acute, symptomatic conditions.

PMID- 4018003
TI  - Components of type A, hostility, and anger-in: further relationships to
      angiographic findings.
AB  - In a previous study of patients undergoing angiography at Duke University Medical
      Center, we reported that of all components of the Type A behavior pattern (TABP),
      only Potential for Hostility and Anger-In were significantly associated with
      extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study was undertaken to
      replicate these findings using a different patient population. Tape-recorded
      structured interviews from 125 angiography patients at Massachusetts General
      Hospital were blind scored using the component scoring system employed in the
      Duke study. The results confirmed our previous findings. Global TABP was
      completely unrelated to extent of CAD, while Potential for Hostility and Anger-In
      were significant independent predictors of disease severity. These findings argue
      for a reconceptualization of the manner in which the TABP is defined and
      assessed.

PMID- 4018004
TI  - Selective cardiovascular effects of stress and cigarette smoking in young women.
AB  - In an earlier study, we found that men who smoked a cigarette and then engaged in
      a mildly stressful activity (video game) evidenced pronounced increases in heart
      rate and blood pressure, which were approximately equal to the sum of the effects
      produced by either smoking alone or stress alone. In the present study, a 2
      (smoke vs. sham smoke) X 2 (stress vs. no stress) factorial design was used to
      evaluate the impact of stress and smoking on the cardiovascular responses of
      young women. The results revealed that the combination of stress and cigarette
      smoking produced blood pressure and heart rate responses that were larger than
      the additive effects of smoking and stress taken separately.

PMID- 4018005
TI  - The type A behavior pattern, physical fitness, and psychophysiological
      reactivity.
AB  - Joint effects of the Type A behavior pattern and aerobic fitness were examined
      with regard to heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) changes elicited by
      laboratory challenges. Sixty-one college students were classified as Type A or B
      using the Structured Interview (SI), and as physically fit or sedentary using
      self-reports of activity level and estimated VO2max values obtained on a step
      test. Subjects were challenged with the SI, presentation of a snake, mental
      arithmetic, a cold pressor task, and two competitive card games. Significant A-B
      differences were found only on the SI and the card games. During the SI: As
      displayed significantly greater BP increases than Bs; sedentary subjects showed
      greater BP increases than fit subjects; and sedentary As revealed greater BP
      increases than either fit As, fit Bs, or sedentary Bs. In contrast, during the
      competitive games, physically fit As showed reliably greater BP increases than
      either sedentary As, sedentary Bs, or fit Bs. Since the physically fit subjects
      were almost exclusively varsity athletes and the sedentary subjects were college
      students who reported following a sedentary lifestyle, the differences between
      sedentary and fit groups may have been due to differences in aerobic fitness or
      to the improved ability of competitive athletes or those engaged in fitness
      training to match arousal level to task requirements.

PMID- 4018006
TI  - Prognostic risk assessment in primary breast cancer by behavioral and
      immunological parameters.
AB  - Although findings from recent animal studies suggest that behavioral factors such
      as "helplessness" play a role in cancer progression, very few such studies with
      humans have been carried out. The study investigated the predictive power of an
      immunologic effector cell, the natural killer (NK) cell, as well as selected
      psychological and demographic factors, to breast cancer prognostic risk status.
      It was found that NK activity predicted the status of cancer spread to the
      axillary lymph nodes. Patients who had low levels of NK activity were rated as
      well-adjusted to their illness; patients who had higher NK activity appeared to
      be distressed or maladjusted. These findings are discussed in the light of recent
      animal findings linking environmental stress and behavioral responsiveness to
      biological vulnerability via endocrine and immune pathways.

PMID- 4018008
TI  - Job process charts and man-computer interaction within Naval command systems.

PMID- 4018007
TI  - Whole-body vibration: exposure time and acute effects--experimental assessment of
      discomfort.

PMID- 4018009
TI  - Sleep and sleepiness following a behaviourally 'active' day.

PMID- 4018010
TI  - Experiments on wrist deviation in manual materials handling.

PMID- 4018011
TI  - Sleep deprivation, chronic exercise and muscular performance.

PMID- 4018012
TI  - The force-velocity relation and intra-abdominal pressure during lifting
      activities.

PMID- 4018013
TI  - Hours at work at sea: watchkeeping schedules, circadian rhythms and efficiency.

PMID- 4018014
TI  - Heart-rate response to forest harvesting work in the south-eastern United States
      during summer.

PMID- 4018015
TI  - Load on knee joint and knee muscular activity during machine milking.

PMID- 4018016
TI  - Ankle joint load and leg muscle activity in various working postures during
      machine milking.

PMID- 4018017
TI  - Cognitive performance during simulated deep-sea diving.

PMID- 4018018
TI  - Handle positions in a holding task as a function of task height.

PMID- 4018019
TI  - Do TV pictures help people to remember the weather forecast?

PMID- 4018020
TI  - Metabolic, cardiovascular and spinal strain of a representative fuel
      replenishment task.

PMID- 4018021
TI  - A re-evaluation of the minimum altitude at which hypoxic performance decrements
      can be detected.

PMID- 4018022
TI  - Effects of local vibration transmitted from ultrasonic devices on vibrotactile
      perception in the hands of therapists.

PMID- 4018023
TI  - Structure and expression of the human haptoglobin locus.
AB  - Human genomic clones of the haptoglobin Hp1F and the "haptoglobin related' gene
      (Hpr) have been isolated. The two genes are adjacent, spanning a region of
      approximately 21 kb. A comparison of their coding sequences shows that Hpr
      differs from Hp1F at 28 codons. Northern blot and primer elongation analyses with
      human liver RNA show that the haptoglobin gene Hp1F appears to be transcribed
      some 1000-fold less in fetal than in adult liver. In adult liver the amount of
      Hpr mRNA is at the lower limit of detection, therefore the extent of its
      expression is at most less than 1000-fold that of the Hp1F gene. No Hpr mRNA can
      be detected in fetal liver.

PMID- 4018024
TI  - Inbred and wild mice carry identical deletions in their E alpha MHC genes.
AB  - Several inbred strains and a certain percentage of wild mice bear a deletion in
      the E alpha gene of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (H-2). This
      mutation prevents transcription of the E alpha gene and hence functional
      expression of the E alpha E beta dimer on the cell surface. Two strains were
      selected for a more precise localization of this deletion. BALB.B is a congenic
      line carrying the H-2b haplotype on the BALB/c background. CRO435 is an outbred
      stock derived from a wild mouse captured near Cairo, Egypt; it carries the H-2w37
      haplotype including a null Ew28 alpha allele, as well as semi-lethal mutations in
      the H-2 linked t complex (tTuw7). From these two strains, we have isolated
      genomic clones that contain fragments spanning the E alpha deletion, and have
      sequenced the breakpoint region. The deletions in the two strains are identical,
      spanning 627 bp which include the promoter region and the signal peptide exon of
      the E alpha gene. Limited sequence comparison suggests that the Eb alpha allele
      of BALB.B is more closely related to the Ew28 alpha allele of CRO435 than both of
      these are to an E alpha-expressor allele, Ed alpha. It is therefore likely that
      the Eo deletions in the various inbred strains and wild mice are of the same
      origin, and we propose that they have been disseminated throughout the mouse
      population because of linkage to the t complex.

PMID- 4018025
TI  - Double-stranded DNA induces the phosphorylation of several proteins including the
      90 000 mol. wt. heat-shock protein in animal cell extracts.
AB  - Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) induces the transfer of phosphate from ATP to several
      proteins in extracts of widely divergent eukaryotic cells. Extracts of HeLa
      cells, rabbit reticulocytes, Xenopus eggs and Arbacia eggs all show dsDNA
      dependent protein phosphorylation. The mechanism is specific for dsDNA and will
      not respond to either RNA or single-stranded DNA. One of the proteins which is
      phosphorylated in response to dsDNA has a subunit mol. wt. of 90 000 and has been
      identified as a heat-shock protein (hsp90). Although mouse cell extracts were
      shown to contain hsp90, they failed to show a dsDNA-dependent protein
      phosphorylation. The observation that dsDNA can modulate the phosphorylation of a
      set of proteins raises the possibility that dsDNA may play a role as a cellular
      regulatory signal.

PMID- 4018026
TI  - Genes 55, alpha gt, 47 and 46 of bacteriophage T4: the genomic organization as
      deduced by sequence analysis.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of T4 genes 55, alpha gt, 47 and 46 was determined by a
      combination of 'classical' procedures and a shotgun approach. Small DNA fragments
      generated by frequent cleavage with restriction enzymes or by sonication of
      restriction fragments were cloned in phage M13 vectors and sequenced by the
      dideoxy method. The positions of the genes were determined by marker rescue
      between the corresponding T4 amber mutants and the cloned T4 DNA fragments used
      in the sequencing experiments. The sequence gives an insight into the
      organization of this 7.1-kb early region of the T4 genome and shows that
      genetically 'silent' portions within this region are not void of genetic
      information.

PMID- 4018027
TI  - Structural differences between brain beta 1- and beta 2-tubulins: implications
      for microtubule assembly and colchicine binding.
AB  - Brain beta 1- and beta 2-tubulins are the major and minor beta-tubulin components
      of chordate brain tissue, respectively. Two cysteines of beta 1, but not beta 2,
      can be specifically cross-linked with the bifunctional sulfhydryl reagent N,N'
      ethylenebis(iodoacetamide) (EBI). They are in positions 239 and 354. Although
      separated by 115 amino acid residues along the beta 1-chain, the two sulfur atoms
      are maximally 9 A apart in the beta 1 tertiary structure. The failure of beta 2
      to form a similar cross-bridge is due to the absence of a cysteine in position
      239. At least 10 other sequence differences are also present between beta 1 and
      beta 2. Positions 239 and 354 of beta 1 probably occupy a key part of the tubulin
      molecule. The microtubule assembly inhibitors colchicine and podophyllotoxin
      appear to bind on or near this site and EBI is a potent inhibitor of microtubule
      assembly. Furthermore, the beta 1-cysteine in position 239 appears to be the most
      reactive in brain tubulin under the given conditions. The marked difference
      between beta 1 and beta 2 in this critical region suggests that they may have
      different functions in brain tissue.

PMID- 4018028
TI  - The Leishmania receptor for macrophages is a lipid-containing glycoconjugate.
AB  - The glycoconjugate of Leishmania major recognized by the monoclonal antibody WIC
      79.3 exists in two forms. The cellular form associated with the promastigote is a
      population of amphipathic molecules consistent with membrane insertion. In
      contrast, the extracellular form mainly consists of hydrophilic molecules, and
      probably arises by cleavage of the cellular form by an endogenous phospholipase.
      The hydrophilic population of extracellular glycoconjugate molecules binds
      specifically to macrophages but not to T or B lymphoid cells. Binding of the
      glycoconjugate and also intact promastigotes to macrophages in vitro is
      specifically inhibited by Fab fragments of WIC-79.3. These data indicate that the
      L. major glycoconjugate is the parasite receptor for macrophages, and hence the
      molecule directly involved in the initiation of infection.

PMID- 4018029
TI  - Secretion of a soluble class I molecule encoded by the Q10 gene of the C57BL/10
      mouse.
AB  - The DNA sequence of the Q10 genes appears to be highly conserved amongst strains
      of mice and has only been found to be transcribed in the liver. An examination of
      the nucleotide sequence of the exon that normally encodes the transmembrane
      domain of class I molecules suggested that the Q10 gene encodes a secreted
      protein. We have established this by showing that L cells transformed with an
      expression vector containing the Q10 gene secrete a class I molecule which was
      identified with an antiserum raised against a peptide predicted by the Q10
      transmembrane exon. Both the L cell-derived Q10 molecule and a class I protein
      immunoprecipitated from serum with this anti-peptide antiserum have mol. wts. of
      approximately 38 000; the Q10 molecule secreted by L cells is heterogeneous in
      mol. wt. This heterogeneity was drastically reduced after endoglycosidase F
      treatment, suggesting that Q10 molecules secreted into the serum by the liver may
      be glycosylated differently from those secreted by L cells. Endoglycosidase F
      treatment of both the L cell and serum forms of the soluble molecule yielded two
      products with mol. wts. of approximately 32 000 and 35 000; this is consistent
      with the observation that the predicted Q10 protein sequence has two potential
      glycosylation sites. In contrast to previous published results, the Q10 molecule
      reacted with rabbit anti-H-2 antisera which is consistent with its greater than
      80% homology to the classical transplantation antigens.

PMID- 4018030
TI  - The sequence and topology of human complement component C9.
AB  - A partial nucleotide sequence of human complement component C9 cDNA representing
      94% of the coding region of the mature protein is presented. The amino acid
      sequence predicted from the open reading frame of this cDNA concurs with the
      amino acid sequence at the amino-terminal end of three proteolytic fragments of
      purified C9 protein. No long stretches of hydrophobic residues are present, even
      in the carboxy-terminal half of the molecule which reacts with lipid-soluble
      photoaffinity probes. Monoclonal antibody epitopes have been mapped by comparing
      overlapping fragments of C9 molecule to which the antibodies bind on Western
      blots. Several of these epitopes map to small regions containing other surface
      features (e.g., proteolytic cleavage sites and N-linked oligosaccharide). The
      amino-terminal half of C9 is rich in cysteine residues and contains a region with
      a high level of homology to the LDL receptor cysteine-rich domains. A model for
      C9 topology based on these findings is proposed.

PMID- 4018031
TI  - The origin of adenovirus DNA replication: minimal DNA sequence requirement in
      vivo.
AB  - Adenovirus mini-chromosomes which contain two cloned, inverted adenovirus termini
      replicate in vivo when supplied with non-defective adenovirus as a helper. This
      system has been used to define the minimum cis acting DNA sequences required for
      adenovirus DNA replication in vivo. Deletions into each end of the adenovirus
      inverted terminal repeat (ITR) were generated with Bal31 exonuclease and the
      resulting molecules constructed into plasmids which contained two inverted copies
      of the deleted ITR separated by the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene.
      To determine the effect of the deletion in vivo plasmids cleaved to expose the
      adenovirus termini were co-transfected with adenovirus type 2 DNA into tissue
      culture cells. The replicative ability of the molecules bearing adenovirus
      termini was assayed by Southern blotting of extracted DNA which had been treated
      with DpnI, a restriction enzyme which cleaves only methylated and therefore
      unreplicated, input DNA. Molecules containing the terminal 45 bp of the viral
      genome were fully active whereas molecules containing only 36 bp were in-active
      in this assay. Therefore sequences required for DNA replication are contained
      entirely within the terminal 45 bp of the viral genome. Thus, both the previously
      described highly conserved region (nucleotides 9-18) and the binding site for the
      cellular nuclear factor I (nucleotides 19-48) are essential for adenovirus DNA
      replication in vivo.

PMID- 4018032
TI  - Structural and functional evidence for differential promoter activity of the two
      linked delta-crystallin genes in the chicken.
AB  - There are two delta-crystallin genes (delta 1 and delta 2) in the chicken which
      are oriented with the same transcriptional polarity (5' delta 1-delta 2-3') and
      are separated by approximately 4.2 kb of DNA. Existing evidence indicates that
      delta 1 is very active in the embryonic lens; in contrast, delta 2 appears very
      inactive, if expressed at all. We have sequenced the 5' regions of delta 1 and
      delta 2 and tested their ability to promote chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
      (CAT) activity using the pSVO-CAT expression vector in transfected embryonic lens
      epithelia. The sequence data establish that the previously reported delta
      crystallin cDNAs were derived from mRNAs encoded in delta 1 and not in delta 2.
      The transfection experiments indicated that the delta 1 promoter is appreciably
      stronger than the delta 2 promoter. Interestingly, a consensus CCAAT sequence
      (position - 71) and two consensus viral core-enhancer-like sequences (positions -
      308 and +350) are confined to the more active, delta 1 gene. delta 1 and delta 2
      have similar TATA boxes (TAAAA) at positions - 28 and - 27, respectively. Exon 1
      in delta 1 (35 bp) and in delta 2 (34 bp) are extremely homologous, containing
      just two mismatches; exon 2 in delta 1 (64 bp) and in delta 2 (51 bp) are only
      56% homologous and contain the putative translation initiating codon and three
      encoded amino acids. Unexpectedly, intron 1 of both genes has numerous pentameric
      repeats present in the murine immunoglobulin heavy-chain switch regions (GAGCT,
      GGGGT and GGGCT). Other direct repeats were found in delta 1 and delta 2, and
      short homologies were noted between the chicken delta-crystallin and murine alpha
      A-crystallin genes.

PMID- 4018033
TI  - Thalassemia due to a mutation in the cleavage-polyadenylation signal of the human
      beta-globin gene.
AB  - A beta-globin gene cloned from a person with beta-thalassemia contained a T----C
      substitution within the conserved sequence AATAAA that forms a portion of the
      recognition signal for endonucleolytic cleavage and polyadenylation of primary
      mRNA transcripts. By Northern blot analysis a novel beta-globin RNA species, 1500
      nucleotides in length, was detected in erythroid RNA. Nuclease protection studies
      of erythroid RNA, as well as RNA generated upon transient expression of the
      cloned mutant gene in HeLa cells, located the 3' terminus of this novel,
      polyadenylated RNA 900 nucleotides downstream of the normal poly(A) addition
      site, within 15 nucleotides of the first AATAAA in the 3'-flanking region of the
      beta-globin gene. These findings define the in vivo terminus of an elongated RNA
      and establish that human beta-globin transcription may extend at least 900
      nucleotides 3' of the normal polyadenylation site.

PMID- 4018034
TI  - Cloning, sequencing and transcriptional control of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe
      cdc10 'start' gene.
AB  - The cdc10 'start' gene from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been
      cloned by rescue of mutant function. It is present as a single copy in the
      haploid genome. Hybridisation of the gene to Northern blots has identified a low
      abundance 2.7-kb polyadenylated RNA. Study of RNA extracted from cells both
      entering stationary phase and undergoing synchronous cell divisions suggests that
      commitment to the cell cycle is not controlled by regulation of cdc10 transcript
      level. DNA sequence analysis of the gene has identified an open reading frame
      capable of encoding a protein of mol. wt. 85 400. The putative cdc10 gene product
      shows no significant primary structure similarity with products of other fission
      and budding yeast cell cycle genes, or with other protein sequences in several
      databases.

PMID- 4018035
TI  - Induction of ermC requires translation of the leader peptide.
AB  - ermC confers resistance to macrolide-lincosamide streptogramin B antibiotics by
      specifying a ribosomal RNA methylase, which results in decreased ribosomal
      affinity for these antibiotics. ermC expression is induced by exposure to
      erythromycin. We have previously proposed a translational regulation model in
      which erythromycin causes stalling of a ribosome, which is translating a leader
      peptide. Stalling causes a conformation shift in the ermC mRNA which in turn
      unmasks the methylase ribosomal binding site. A prediction of this translational
      attenuation model for ermC induction was tested by replacing the second codon of
      the putative ermC leader peptide coding region by TAA. As expected, the
      introduction of this mutation resulted in an uninducible phenotype which was
      suppressible by two ochre suppressor mutations in Bacillus subtilis. It is
      concluded that translation through the leader peptide coding region, in frame
      with the predicted leader peptide, is required for ermC induction.

PMID- 4018036
TI  - A novel virulence-associated cell surface structure composed of 47-kd protein
      subunits in Yersinia enterocolitica.
AB  - A fresh human isolate of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 03, and its derivative
      that had lost the virulence-associated 46-Md plasmid, were grown under defined
      conditions and compared for their outer membrane protein and cell surface
      structure. Under these conditions, the virulent strain grown at 37 degrees C
      expressed one major outer membrane protein (47 kd) not present in the plasmidless
      strain or in either strain grown at room temperature. A 200-kd protein also seen
      in the same preparations was shown to be an oligomer composed of the 47-kd
      protein subunits. Four different electron microscopic techniques showed tack-like
      projections covering the surface of those bacteria that expressed the 47-kd
      protein. These were specifically labeled with antibody to the 47-kd protein. This
      surface structure appeared to mediate aggregation (auto-agglutination) of the
      bacteria bringing their surfaces into unusually close apposition.

PMID- 4018037
TI  - A Raman spectroscopic investigation of the lipid state in acetylcholine receptor
      rich membranes from Torpedo marmorata.
AB  - The lipid state in acetylcholine receptor (AcChR)-rich membranes purified from
      electric organ of Torpedo marmorata was studied in the temperature interval from
      0 degrees C to 35 degrees C using the (C-H) stretching and (C-C) skeletal optical
      vibrations. The Raman spectra of AcChR-rich membranes, recorded immediately after
      preparation of the samples, indicate that the lipids are in a predominant
      triclinic crystalline lattice and do not undergo a phase transition when the
      temperature increases up to 35 degrees C. However, the polar groups of the lipids
      appear subject to temperature-induced variations. After extraction of 43-kd and
      other non-receptor proteins, spectra indicate an order-disorder phase transition
      of lipids at approximately 21 degrees C. This transition appears less cooperative
      than the transition of the membrane lipid extract. The role of the proteins in
      preservation of the crystalline state of lipids in AcChR-rich membranes is
      discussed.

PMID- 4018039
TI  - Auscultatory measurement of arterial pressure during anaesthesia: a reassessment
      of Korotkoff sounds.
AB  - The accuracy of the indirect auscultatory method, using Korotkoff sounds for
      determination of arterial pressures, was investigated by comparison with direct
      intra-arterial measurements. Eight hundred and sixty-three comparisons were made
      in 25 patients aged between 27 and 75 years over blood pressures ranging from 59
      to 235 mmHg for systolic and 28 to 145 mmHg for diastolic. The regression
      equation for all systolic pressure measurements was y = 13.9 + 0.81x, and for all
      diastolic pressure measurements was y = 21.4 + 0.71x. Although there was a
      significant (P less than 0.001) correlation coefficient between direct and
      indirect measurements for both systolic (r = 0.93) and diastolic pressures (r =
      0.79), the 95% confidence limits (+/- 22 mmHg for systolic and +/- 19 mmHg for
      diastolic) were very wide, reflecting the influences of observer variation and
      other sources of error.

PMID- 4018038
TI  - 2-Nitroimipramine: a photoaffinity probe for the serotonin uptake/tricyclic
      binding site complex.
AB  - [3H]2-Nitroimipramine ([3H]2-NI), a compound with high affinity for the serotonin
      uptake system, is shown to be an effective photoaffinity probe which incorporates
      covalently into membrane homogenates prepared from human platelets, as well as
      rat brain and liver. In all cases, [3H]2-NI preferentially incorporated into a
      minor membrane component of 30 kd protein, as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and subsequent fluorography. A number of selective and
      general serotonin uptake inhibitors quantitatively chased labeling of the 30-kd
      band at nanomolar concentrations. Pharmacological characterizing agents unrelated
      to the serotonin uptake system generally had little effect on labeling. In
      platelet membranes, a broad band of approximately 35-kd protein was also labeled
      by [3H]2-NI, but this labeling was not inhibited by any of the selective
      serotonin uptake blockers. Interestingly, serotonin itself increased
      incorporation into the 30-kd band and selectively decreased labeling of the 35-kd
      band. Photolytic incorporation into the 30-kd band was of high affinity,
      saturable, and Scatchard analyses of irreversible labeling were linear. In
      contrast, Scatchard transformations of [3H]2-NI equilibrium binding saturation
      isotherms were markedly curvilinear. Cross-linking unlabeled 2-NI to intact
      platelets, followed by extensive dialysis, decreased the maximal velocity (Vmax)
      of platelet serotonin uptake, but did not alter the affinity (Km) of serotonin
      for its transport site. These results are noteworthy since current theories
      implicate prejunctional allosteric interactions between serotonin and imipramine
      at serotonergic synapses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018041
TI  - Trigeminal glycerol rhizolysis in the treatment of tic douloureux.
AB  - Eleven patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia were treated by percutaneous
      glycerol trigeminal rhizolysis after visualization of the trigeminal cistern with
      metrizamide. In 10 of 11 cases treatment was successful and the pain disappeared.
      The technique of the treatment is described. This form of treatment is
      recommended as a successful and simple method, especially in the elderly
      population suffering from trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 4018040
TI  - Effects of anaesthesia for caesarean section on the computerized EEG of the
      neonate.
AB  - The effects of anaesthetic techniques and drugs on 18 neonates born after
      elective Caesarean section were studied, employing computerized EEG. Three
      different groups, epidural, spinal and general anaesthesia, were compared with
      each other and with a control group after normal vaginal delivery. A new
      computerized EEG method, Zero Band Power Rate (ZBPR) analysis, was devised for
      this study and implemented together with conventional spectral EEG estimates of
      five frequency bands. ZBPR analysis was found to be much more sensitive than
      conventional spectral analyses for detecting differences between the study
      groups. Significant differences occurred between the general anaesthesia group
      and the epidural and control groups and also between the spinal group and the
      epidural and control groups. No significant difference was seen between the
      epidural group and the control group. Significant differences were attributed to
      the clinical use of two drugs: thiopentone in the general anaesthesia group and
      ephedrine in the spinal group. The effects of these drugs on the neonatal EEG
      were reflected in decreased ZBPR values, particularly during sleep.

PMID- 4018042
TI  - Dead space in HFV.

PMID- 4018044
TI  - Alignment of the human body in standing.
AB  - Alignment of the body in typical symmetrical standing was studied by
      photographing fifteen subjects in profile on a reaction board. Two aspects of
      alignment were studied: (1) the anteroposterior position of the body landmarks of
      knee joint, hip joint, shoulder joint, and ear, compared to the ankle joint; and
      (2) the positions of the partial centers of gravity above the knee and hip, as a
      measure of how the body is balanced above these joints. The knee, hip, shoulder,
      and ear were forward of the ankle in all subjects. On average, the knee was 3.8
      (+/- 2.0), the hip 6.2 (+/- 1.3) the shoulder 3.8 (+/- 1.9), and the ear 5.9 (+/-
      1.6) cm (+/-S.D.) anterior to the ankle. The positions of landmarks were
      positively correlated with one another but not highly. The position of the center
      of gravity could be predicted well from the positions of the landmarks within
      individual subjects' data, but not across subjects. The centers of gravity above
      the knee and hip were calculated by subtracting the mass and position of the
      segments below the joint from the whole-body center of gravity. The center of
      gravity above the knee was located on average 1.4 (+/- 1.1) cm in front of the
      joint, and that of the hip 1.0 (+/- 1.6) cm behind the trochanter. Thus, at both
      knee and hip in typical standing, there exist slight gravitational torques
      tending to extend the joints.

PMID- 4018043
TI  - The relationship between lactate and ventilatory thresholds: coincidental or
      cause and effect?
AB  - To determine if blood lactate (LA) is the stimulus responsible for 'breakaway'
      ventilation (VE), the lactate (LT) and ventilation (VT) thresholds were monitored
      during one-legged cycling exercise. Ten healthy volunteer male subjects (Mean 2
      legged VO2max = 4.27 l X min-1) performed prior exercise (PE) to reduce muscle
      glycogen stores by cycling at 75-85% of maximal heart rate (HR max) for 60-75
      min, followed by a 30 h low carbohydrate diet. Pre- and post- LT and VT tests
      were performed on a cycle ergometer employing a continuous protocol with
      increments of 16 W every 3 min. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus
      lateralis muscle before the PE ride, prior to the threshold test 24 h later, and
      before testing the non-exercised (NE) leg. An I.V. catheter placed in the
      antecubital vein was used for serial blood samples taken at rest, and during the
      final 30 s of each progressive load. Gas analysis was calculated every 30 s
      (Beckman Metabolic Measurement Cart). Biopsies (N = 3) showed that the exercise
      and diet regimen elicited glycogen reduction which significantly (p less than
      0.05) reduced R and the blood LA concentration in both the PE (2.62 to 1.99 mmol
      X l-1) and NE (2.87 to 2.26 mmol X l-1) legs at LT. At VT, LA concentrations were
      also significantly reduced in the PE (3.35 to 2.56 mmol X l-1) and NE (3.59 to
      2.74 mmol X l-1) legs. VO2 and VE, however, were similar between pre- and post-
      tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018045
TI  - The flexor function of the m. pronator teres in man: a quantitative
      electromyographic study.
AB  - The muscle pronator teres was studied by surface electromyography during elbow
      flexion in a horizontal plane. The forearm was in semi-pronation and movement was
      performed at various velocities. A quantitative comparison was made between
      pronator teres activity and two main elbow flexors, biceps brachii and
      brachioradialis. The mean timing of the onset of activity was constant: biceps
      brachii was activated first followed by pronator teres and brachioradialis, and
      the lower the velocity of flexion, the earlier was the onset of biceps brachii
      activity. There was a linear relationship between the integrated EMG from each
      muscle and the work done. However, this relationship was less exact for pronator
      teres and brachioradialis at low values of work, a finding which opens questions
      about the generality of this relationship and about the "muscle equivalent"
      concept. Pronator teres appears to participate in elbow flexion besides its role
      in pronation. Despite similar anatomical peculiarities, pronator teres does not
      behave in the same way as anconaeus or popliteus and, above all, it is not the
      sole muscle active in slow movement. Thus, all the stocky muscles lying close to
      an articulation do not behave in the same way.

PMID- 4018046
TI  - The influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on the decrement in maximal aerobic
      power at high altitude.
AB  - There are conflicting reports in the literature which imply that the decrement in
      maximal aerobic power experienced by a sea-level (SL) resident sojourning at high
      altitude (HA) is either smaller or larger for the more aerobically "fit" person.
      In the present study, data collected during several investigations conducted at
      an altitude of 4300 m were analyzed to determine if the level of aerobic fitness
      influenced the decrement in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) at HA. The VO2max of
      51 male SL residents was measured at an altitude of 50 m and again at 4300 m. The
      subjects' ages, heights, and weights (mean +/- SE) were 22 +/- 1 yr, 177 +/- 7 cm
      and 78 +/- 2 kg, respectively. The subjects' VO2max ranged from 36 to 60 ml X kg 
      1 X min -1 (mean +/- SE = 48 +/- 1) and the individual values were normally
      distributed within this range. Likewise, the decrement in VO2max at HA was
      normally distributed from 3 ml X kg-1 X min-1 (9% VO2max at SL) to 29 ml X kg-1 X
      min-1 (54% VO2max at SL), and averaged 13 +/- 1 ml X kg-1 X min-1 (27 +/- 1%
      VO2max at SL). The linear correlation coefficient between aerobic fitness and the
      magnitude of the decrement in VO2max at HA expressed in absolute terms was r =
      0.56, or expressed as % VO2max at SL was r = 0.30; both were statistically
      significant (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018047
TI  - Effect of trunk load on the energy expenditure of treadmill walking and ergometer
      cycling.
AB  - Data concerning the effect of trunk loads on the energy expenditure of various
      activities are scanty and partly conflicting. The energy expenditure of walking
      (4.5 km hr-1, 1.5% inclination) and ergometer cycling (60 watt, 60 rpm) was
      measured in 23 apparently healthy subjects with and without a trunk load of 10%
      of the body weight. For walking, the increment in energy expenditure per kg of
      load was 2.55 +/- 0.25 watt, while the increment per kg of body weight was 4.01
      +/- 0.45 watt. For ergometer cycling, the increment per kg of load was 1.12 +/-
      0.64 while that per kg of body weight was 2.73 +/- 0.56 watt. Prediction of
      energy expenditure for trunk loads has previously been made on the basis of the
      relation between energy expenditure and body weight. Our data show that this may
      lead to considerable overestimation.

PMID- 4018048
TI  - Thermoregulation during prolonged actual and laboratory-simulated bicycling.
AB  - Thermoregulatory and cardiorespiratory responses to bicycling 55 km (mean speed
      9.7 m X s-1) outdoors (15 degrees C DB) were compared to equivalent cycle
      ergometry (90 min at 65% VO2max) in the laboratory (20-23 degrees C DB, 50% RH)
      in 7 trained cyclists. Outdoor environmental conditions were simulated with fans
      and lamps, and were contrasted with standard no-wind, no-sun laboratory
      conditions. Sweating rate was similar during outdoor and laboratory simulated
      outdoor cycling (0.90 and 0.87 to 0.94 1 X h-1 respectively). During outdoor
      bicycling, mean heart rate (161 bt X min-1) was 7-13% higher (p less than .05)
      than under laboratory conditions, suggesting a greater strain for a similar
      external work rate. The increase in rectal temperature (0.8 degrees C) was 33-50%
      less (p less than 0.05) at the cooler outdoor ambient temperature than in the
      laboratory. Thermoregulatory stress was greater under the no-fan, no-lamp
      laboratory condition than during simulated outdoor conditions (36-38% greater (p
      less than 0.05) sweating rate, 15-18% greater (p less than 0.01) mean skin
      temperature, 6.4 to 7.8 fold greater (p less than 0.01) amount of clothing
      retrained sweat). The cooling wind encountered in actual road bicycling
      apparently reduces thermoregulatory and circulatory demands compared with
      stationary cycle ergometry indoors. Failure to account for this enhanced cooling
      may result in overestimation of the physiological stress of actual road
      cycling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018049
TI  - Variations in iron status with fatigue modelled from training in female distance
      runners.
AB  - A low hemoglobin level or even frank anemia is common among female endurance
      runners; controversy presently exists on the effectiveness of iron
      supplementation. In the past inadequate descriptions of training and too
      infrequent measurement of iron indices over a sufficiently long period, have made
      it difficult to establish any relationship between iron status and training upon
      which to base a rational iron therapy. In this study 5 young women distance
      runners age 18-25 years have been studied for 300 days. A numerical index was
      used to quantify the extent of an individual's daily training effort and a
      conceptual model of the effect of training allowed definition of the extent of
      consequent fatigue, to be calculated. Red blood cell number and hemoglobin
      concentration were measured regularly throughout, and during the last 200 days
      serum iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity and percent transferrin
      saturation were also measured. It has been shown in most subjects that serum iron
      and transferrin saturation varied in phase with training and the fatigue index,
      throughout the period while serum ferritin varied out of phase. It is suggested
      that supplementing iron intake may be of little use during heavy training and
      concomitant high fatigue because transferrin saturation is also very high at this
      time and ineffective in promoting absorption of dietary iron.

PMID- 4018050
TI  - Effect of growth on muscle capillarity and fiber type composition in rat
      diaphragm.
AB  - The effect of growth on the capillarity and fiber type composition of the
      diaphragm, soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of rats weighing
      between 55 and 330 g have been studied. Muscle samples obtained from the
      anesthetized rat were rapidly frozen and sliced transversely in a cryostat. The
      sections were stained histochemically by the SDH method and the myosin ATPase
      method after preincubation at pH 4.3 to typify fibers (FG, FOG and SO fibers). To
      visualize capillaries, the myosin ATPase method after preincubation at pH 4.0 was
      used. The percentage of FOG fibers decreased in all muscles with growth. While
      the FG and SO fibers increased in the diaphragm, SO fibers increased in the
      soleus, and FG fibers increased in the EDL. The capillary density showed a
      hyperbolic decrease with growth in all muscles, while the number of capillaries
      around each fiber increased in all muscles with growth. It is concluded that
      growth causes the changing properties of the motoneurons and the new capillary
      formation in the diaphragm muscle, as well as the soleus and EDL muscles.

PMID- 4018051
TI  - Increased protein degradation after eccentric exercise.
AB  - The purposes of these experiments were to compare the activities of glucose 6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta
      glucosaminidase (NAG) in rat muscles and to assess protein degradation after
      eccentric exercise (running down a 18 degrees grade). The following results were
      obtained: (1) Muscles in which the G6PDH activity was increased also showed an
      increase in NAG activity that was smaller and occurred later and/or was more
      prolonged than the increase in G6PDH activity. (2) The urinary 3
      methylhistidine/creatinine ratio was statistically elevated for 3 days after
      eccentric exercise and this increase was much larger and more prolonged than
      previously observed in rats run on the level. Taken together our results suggest
      that increased protein degradation after exercise is due to increased proteolysis
      of muscle tissue damaged during the exercise bout and that lysosomal enzymes may
      be involved in this degradation.

PMID- 4018052
TI  - Muscle glycogen depletion during exercise at 9 degrees C and 21 degrees C.
AB  - This study compared glycogen depletion in active skeletal muscle after light and
      moderate exercise in both cold and comfortable ambient conditions. Twelve male
      subjects (Ss) were divided into two groups equally matched for the submaximal
      exercise intensity corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mM (W4)
      during cycle exercise. On two separate days Ss rested for 30 min at ambient
      temperatures of either 9 degrees C or 21 degrees C, with the order of temperature
      exposure being counter-balanced among Ss. Following rest a tissue specimen was
      obtained from the m. vastus lateralis with the needle biopsy technique. Six Ss
      then exercised on a cycle ergometer for 30 min at 30% W4 (range = 50 - 65 W)
      while the remaining group exercised at 60% W4 (range = 85 - 120 W). Another
      biopsy was taken immediately after exercise and both samples were assayed for
      glycogen content. Identical procedures were repeated for the second environmental
      exposure. No significant glycogen depletion was observed in the Ss exercising at
      30% W4 in 21 degrees C, but a 23% decrease (p = 0.04) was observed when the same
      exercise was performed at 9 degrees C. A 22% decrease (p = 0.002) in glycogen
      occurred in the 60% W4 group at 21 degrees C, which was not significantly
      different from that observed during the same exercise at 9 degrees C. The results
      suggest that muscle substrate utilization is increased during light exercise in a
      cold environment as compared to similar exercise at a comfortable temperature,
      probably due to shivering thermogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018053
TI  - Creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB in endurance runners and in patients with
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Following a 100 km race creatine kinase (CK) creatine kinase MB (CKMB) activities
      were serially measured in well trained athletes and compared with enzyme
      activities in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The half-time of
      disappearance of CK (CKt1/2) was 1.75 +/- 0.70 days in runners who trained within
      the 1st week after the race, and was 0.81 +/- 0.18 days in patients with AMI, P
      less than 0.005. CKt1/2 in runners was shorter (1.17 +/- 0.28 days) when no
      training was performed in the first postrace week. CKt1/2 was linearly correlated
      with age (P less than 0.01) in the runners but not in the patients. CKMBt1/2 was
      1.30 and 1.11 days in two runners and 0.56 +/- 0.10 days in patients with AMI (P
      less than 0.05). In line with histologic and enzymatic findings in skeletal
      muscle of long distance runners as reported by other workers, our kinetic data
      provide further evidence that CK and CKMB are released from muscular compartments
      in runners other than those in patients with AMI.

PMID- 4018054
TI  - Vital capacity in trained and untrained healthy young adults in the Netherlands.
AB  - Slow inspiratory vital capacity was measured in 226 healthy young adults, aged
      from 17 to 35 years. The group included 119 men and 107 women, 87 trained
      subjects, 71 untrained subjects who intended to take part in a training program
      for competitive rowing, and 68 untrained subjects who never took part in any
      competitive sport. The vital capacity increased with height, weight, fat-free
      mass, height X fat-free mass, and height-independent fat-free mass, with men
      having significantly higher vital capacities than women of the same height or
      weight. In both males and females vital capacity showed the best relation with
      height X fat-free mass (correlation coefficients are 0.78 and 0.57 respectively).
      Multiple regression on vital capacity with height, weight, fat-free mass, height
      X fat-free mass, height-independent fat-free mass, percentage body fat, and age
      increased the correlation coefficient only slightly (0.80 and 0.59 respectively).
      The subjects had vital capacities that were much higher than those predicted for
      them by equations originating from the USA. There was no difference between the
      observed vital capacities and those predicted by equations originating from
      Europe. There is a difference in vital capacity between the European subjects
      studied and subjects of similar height studied in the USA. This implies that
      equations derived from subjects in the USA cannot be applied to European
      subjects. From our results we conclude that vital capacity is not increased by
      physical activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018055
TI  - Force kinetics and oxygen consumption during bicycle ergometer work in racing
      cyclists and reference-group.
AB  - The forces acting on the right crank of a bicycle ergometer were measured in 18
      male subjects (6 racing cyclists, 8 students of physical education, 4 long
      distance runners) during an incremental exercise test. Oxygen consumption (VO2)
      was simultaneously determined by means of a breath-by-breath method. Differences
      in peak values of the typical force record might indicate a different force
      distribution during each cranking cycle. When compared to the reference group,
      the racing cyclists showed peak values that were significantly lower at all
      levels of work load. Oxygen consumption during the initial 20 min of the test was
      found to be significantly lower in the cyclist group (cyclists: 37.2 +/- 3.2 1,
      reference group: 41.1 +/- 3.9 1). These results suggest that a different force
      distribution during a crank revolution might lead to an improved gross efficiency
      in the cyclist group. The findings might be due to different fractions of ST
      fibres in the exercising muscle.

PMID- 4018056
TI  - Plasma testosterone and catecholamine responses to physical exercise of different
      intensities in men.
AB  - Plasma testosterone, noradrenaline, and adrenaline concentrations during three
      bicycle ergometer tests of the same total work output (2160 J X kg-1) but
      different intensity and duration were measured in healthy male subjects. Tests A
      and B consisted of three consecutive exercise bouts, lasting 6 min each, of
      either increasing (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 W X kg-1) or constant (2.0, 2.0, 2.0 W X kg-1)
      work loads, respectively. In test C the subjects performed two exercise bouts
      each lasting 4.5 min, with work loads of 4.0 W X kg-1. All the exercise bouts
      were separated by 1-min periods of rest. Exercise B of constant low intensity
      resulted only in a small increase in plasma noradrenaline concentration. Exercise
      A of graded intensity caused an increase in both catecholamine levels, whereas,
      during the most intensive exercise C, significant elevations in plasma
      noradrenaline, adrenaline and testosterone concentrations occurred. A significant
      positive correlation was obtained between the mean value of plasma testosterone
      and that of adrenaline as well as noradrenaline during exercise. It is concluded
      that both plasma testosterone and catecholamine responses to physical effort
      depend more on work intensity than on work duration or total work output.

PMID- 4018057
TI  - The effect of corrective surgery on energy expenditure during ambulation in
      children with cerebral palsy.
AB  - Mechanical efficiency, heart rate, blood lactate, and some other variables were
      studied in six children with cerebral palsy who walked on a treadmill before and
      after corrective surgery. During each test, conducted at each child's naturally
      selected speed, two situations were studied: steady state level walking for 9
      min, and then walking at an increasing inclination up to 20% for another 10 min.
      During the test the subjects were allowed to hold on to a handrail to eliminate
      the risk of falling off the treadmill. The corrective surgery resulted in a 5%
      reduction in oxygen consumption per kg body mass during level walking. The
      subjects' levels of physical fitness, as estimated from oxygen pulse, however,
      were unchanged. These results are indicative of a biomechanical improvement due
      to the corrective surgery. While walking at a 20% inclination the subjects off
      loaded themselves to different degrees on the handrail which influenced the
      results. Their feeling of exhaustion at this load was probably due to local
      factors, since heart rate was well below maximal values, and blood lactate,
      respiratory exchange ratio and ventilatory equivalent also indicated that they
      were below their anaerobic thresholds (50-60% of maximal oxygen uptake).

PMID- 4018058
TI  - The influence of clothing ensembles on the lower critical temperature.
AB  - This paper describes the effect of clothing insulation on the lower critical
      temperature (LCT). Twelve young adult females were exposed to a temperature of 10
      degrees C for 2 1/2 h. LCT was estimated at five different clothing conditions
      according to the intersect method. The total weights of clothing ensembles (CW)
      of the five conditions were 0.45, 0.52, 0.82, 1.34, and 2.56 kg, and their
      thermal insulating values (I) were 0.44, 0.60, 0.77, 1.21, and 2.14 clo,
      respectively. LCT of the five clothing ensembles were estimated to be 26.4, 25.4,
      23.5, 21.5, and 17.5 degrees C, respectively. The regression equation of the
      logarithm of LCT on CW was calculated as logLCT = 1.4469-0.08283 CW and that on I
      was log LCT = 1.4613-0.10526 I, respectively. The rate of changes in LCT is
      suggested to be dependent on the clothing conditions as for the following
      equations: dLCT/dCW = -5.34 exp(-0.1907 CW) or dLCT/dI = -7.01 exp(-0.2424 I).

PMID- 4018060
TI  - Differential heating of trunk and extremities. Effects on thermoregulation
      mechanisms.
AB  - Experiments in which the whole human body was heated or cooled are compared with
      others in which one extremity (arm or leg) was simultaneously cooled or heated.
      With a warm load on the rest of the body resulting in general sweating, a cold
      load on one extremity did not evoke local shivering; with general body cooling,
      heating one limb did not stop the shivering. Skin temperatures of the other parts
      of the body were not influenced by warming or cooling one extremity. Evaporative
      heat loss was influenced by local, mean skin and core temperature, whereas
      shivering did not depend on local temperature, and vasomotor control seemed to be
      controlled predominantly by central temperatures. A cold load on an extremity
      during whole body heating in most cases induced an oscillatory behaviour of core
      temperature and of the evaporative heat loss from the body and the extremity. It
      is assumed that local, mean skin and core temperatures influence the three
      autonomous effector systems to very different degree.

PMID- 4018059
TI  - Central venous pressure and plasma arginine vasopressin during water immersion in
      man.
AB  - The influence of increased central venous pressure (CVP) on the plasma
      concentration of arginine vasopressin (pAVP) was examined in 7 healthy males
      subjected to water immersion (WI) up to the neck following overnight food- and
      fluid restriction. During WI the subject sat upright in a pool (water temperature
      = 35.0 degrees C) for 6 h. In control experiments the subject assumed the same
      position outside the pool wearing a water perfused garment (water temperature =
      34.6 degrees C). CVP increased markedly during WI and after 20 min of immersion
      it attained a level which was significantly higher than the control value (10.9
      +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SE) vs. 2.2 +/- 1.3 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). This increase was
      sustained throughout the 6 h WI period. Simultaneously, after 20 min pAVP during
      WI was significantly lower than control values (1.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.3 pg X
      ml-1, p less than 0.05) and sustained throughout WI. Systolic arterial pressure
      increased significantly by 7-10 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) after 2 h of WI, while
      diastolic arterial pressure was unchanged. Heart rate was decreased by 10 bpm
      throughout immersion. There was no change in plasma osmolality when comparing
      control with immersion. A pronounced osmotic diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis
      occurred during WI, counteracting an acute significant increase in plasma volume
      of 6.5 +/- 1.9% (P less than 0.01 within 20 min of immersion). We conclude that
      an increase in CVP due to WI is accompanied by suppressed pAVP.

PMID- 4018061
TI  - Effects of training at and above the lactate threshold on the lactate threshold
      and maximal oxygen uptake.
AB  - Thirty-three college women (mean age = 21.8 years) participated in a 5 d X wk-1,
      12 week training program. Subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups, above
      lactate threshold (greater than LT) (N = 11; trained at 69 watts above the
      workload associated with LT), = LT (N = 12; trained at the work load associated
      with LT) and control (C) (N = 10). Subjects were assessed for VO2max, VO2LT,
      VO2LT/VO2max, before and after training, using a discontinuous 3 min incremental
      (starting at 0 watts increasing 34 watts each work load) protocol on a cycle
      ergometer (Monark). Respiratory gas exchange measures were determined using
      standard open circuit spirometry while LT was determined from blood samples taken
      immediately following each work load from an indwelling venous catheter located
      in the back of a heated hand. Body composition parameters were determined before
      and after training via hydrostatic weighing. Training work loads were equated so
      that each subject expended approximately 1465 kJ per training session (Monark
      cycle ergometer) regardless of training intensity. Pretraining, no significant
      differences existed between groups for any variable. Post training the greater
      than LT group had significantly higher VO2max (13%), VO2LT (47%) and VO2LT/VO2max
      (33%) values as compared to C (p less than .05). Within group comparisons
      revealed that none of the groups significantly changed VO2max as a result of
      training, only the greater than LT group showed a significant increase in VO2LT
      (48%) (p less than .05), while both the = LT and greater than LT group showed
      significant increases in VO2LT/VO2max (= LT 16%, greater than LT 42% (p less than
      .05)).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018063
TI  - Improved "active" electrodes for recording bioelectric signals in work
      physiology.
AB  - Conventional recording techniques of bioelectric signals using surface electrodes
      are often very sensitive to artefacts, in particular when carrying out
      physiological investigations in ergonomics and sports. An "active" electrode, by
      means of impedance-converting-amplification, was developed to reduce motion
      artefacts in recording of bioelectrical signals. The application of these
      electrodes on the skin surface does not differ from that of conventional
      electrodes. The circuit elements of the impedance-converting-preamplifier,
      including a power-supply, are placed in a small portable housing. A qualitative
      comparison between conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes and "active" electrodes in ECG
      and EMG recordings with artefact simulation shows a high degree of artefact
      suppression for the "active" electrodes.

PMID- 4018062
TI  - The force-velocity relationship of arm flexion in untrained males and females and
      arm-trained athletes.
AB  - The force-velocity curve (FVC) of arm flexion was established in 123 untrained
      males and 110 untrained females aged from 15 to 36 years, and 48 arm-trained
      athletes competing in different sport disciplines. The FVC was described by
      Hill's equation and defined by the parameters: maximal static moment (M0),
      maximal angular velocity (omega 0), maximal power (P0) and the concavity of the
      FVC (H). Within the given age range the level of the curve parameters of both
      untrained men and women was independent of age. On average, H was the same in all
      three groups. As compared to M0 of the untrained males, M0 of the athletes was
      33% higher and M0 of the females was 38% lower; with regard to P0 these
      differences were +30% and -43% respectively. omega 0 was the same for trained and
      untrained males, whereas omega 0 of the women was 10% lower than omega 0 of the
      men.

PMID- 4018064
TI  - A comparison of the effect of external loading upon power output in stair
      climbing and running up a ramp.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that external loading increases the power output
      measured during stair climbing. However, it was noted in an earlier study that
      stairtreads form mechanical contraints which limit the extent to which a subject
      can be externally loaded, and, thereby, make it impossible to observe maximal
      power output for this type of activity. The purpose of this study was to compare
      the effects of external loading upon power output when running up stairs or a
      ramp. Since a ramp is free of the mechanical constraints of stairtreads, it was
      felt that higher power output values would be achieved using the ramp, and that
      it would be possible to observe an asymptote in power output which could not be
      obtained for stair climbing. Seven male subjects performed maximal ramp and stair
      climbing tests under five experimental loading conditions (no external load,
      10.1, 19.2, 24.2, and 29.2 kg). For the ramp, it was possible to employ a sixth
      loading condition of 34.2 kg. For stair climbing, the mean (+/- SD) power output
      values under the five experimental conditions were 16.6 +/- 0.7, 17.3 +/- 1.3,
      18.5 +/- 1.0, 18.6 +/- 1.5, and 18.9 +/- 1.7 W X kg-1, respectively. In contrast,
      the mean (+/- SD) power output values observed while running up the ramp were
      18.8 +/- 1.4, 19.9 +/- 1.6, 20.5 +/- 1.6, 20.1 +/- 2.1, 20.3 +/- 2.1, and 19.8 +/
      1.9 W X kg-1, respectively. At each experimental condition, the differences
      between the ramp and stairs was significant (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018065
TI  - Retrospective analysis of two hundred and twelve cases of bacteremia due to
      anaerobic microorganisms.
AB  - Cases of bacteremia caused by anaerobic microorganisms and occurring during a
      four year period in a non-selected patient group in a Spanish general hospital
      were analysed retrospectively. Microbiological data was collected on 212 patients
      and clinical data on 103 patients. Cases of anaerobic bacteremia represented 8.6%
      of the total number of cases of bacteremia. Of the 232 anaerobic microorganisms
      causing bacteremia, gram-negative bacilli were responsible in 113 cases (48.7%),
      gram-positive bacilli in 92 cases (39.6%), gram-positive cocci in 25 cases
      (10.7%), and Veillonella spp. in two cases (0.8%). The most important clinical
      features were fever (64%), anemia (56%), septic shock (22%) and metastatic
      abscesses (21%). Patients with anaerobic bacteremia were hospitalized for an
      average of 51.7 days. The overall mortality was 32% and factors associated with
      poor prognosis were severe underlying disease, nosocomial acquisition, presence
      of shock, presence of metastatic foci of infection, and absence of adequate
      surgical drainage. The mortality rate of patients who received adequate
      antimicrobial therapy was 30% and that of patients who received inadequate
      treatment or none was 29%. It is concluded that anaerobic bacteremia has a
      significant rate of morbidity and mortality and that underlying disease and
      surgical debridement and/or drainage have greater prognostic significance than
      the use of antimicrobial agents.

PMID- 4018066
TI  - Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in patients requiring hospitalization.
AB  - The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia was studied in 127 patients with
      roentgenologically verified pneumonia who needed hospitalization. Etiology was
      determined on the basis of a positive blood culture and/or a significant antibody
      titer increase. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the probable etiological agent in 69
      patients, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in five patients, Streptococcus
      pyogenes in two patients, and Legionella pneumophila and Staphylococcus aureus in
      one patient each. Evidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was found in 18
      patients and of Chlamydia psittaci infection in three patients. Influenza virus
      type A was the cause of infection in 15 patients. One patient had infection with
      influenza virus type B, one patient with parainfluenza virus type 1, and three
      patients with respiratory syncytial virus. In 20 patients there was evidence of
      infection with more than one microorganism. No etiological agent was found in 27
      patients. Since Streptococcus pneumoniae was the predominant etiological agent
      penicillin should be drug of first choice in patients with pneumonia who need
      treatment in hospital. In young adults, however, the high frequency of Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae infection would justify the use of erythromycin or doxycycline as drug
      of first choice.

PMID- 4018067
TI  - Comparison of two systems for identification of anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The RapID Ana and the API 20A systems for identification of anaerobic bacteria
      were compared for accuracy on 108 recent isolates of gram-negative and gram
      positive anaerobic bacteria. No additional tests or gas-liquid chromatography
      were used. RapID Ana identified 91.7% of the isolated strains to species level
      and 6.5% to genus level but failed to identify 1.8% of the total strains. API 20A
      identified 85.2% of strains to species level, 3.7% to genus level but failed to
      identify 11.1% of the total strains. Although the difference between the
      identification rates of the two systems was not significant, it was concluded
      that RapID Ana was easier to perform and interpret.

PMID- 4018068
TI  - Inefficacy of the commercial live oral Ty 21a vaccine in the prevention of
      typhoid fever.
AB  - The efficacy of the live oral typhoid fever vaccine Ty 21a marketed in
      Switzerland in 1981 was investigated. Forty-seven Swiss travellers to Third World
      countries contracted typhoid fever in 1982 and 1983; 20 (43%) of these persons
      had been vaccinated with Ty 21a. The incidence of typhoid fever in vaccinees was
      1.1 per 10,000 doses of Ty 21a vaccine sold, which was similar to the incidence
      of 0.9 per 10,000 doses for the ineffective killed Ty 2 vaccine. Comparison of
      the incidence of vaccination in patients with typhoid fever in 1983 and in
      healthy travellers to India revealed vaccination efficacy rates which were not
      significantly different from zero. It is suggested that Ty 21a vaccine in the
      form marketed in Switzerland in 1981-1983 is not sufficiently potent or heat
      stable, so that the doses of viable bacteria ingested were too low.

PMID- 4018070
TI  - Fatal Selenomonas sputigena septicemia probably originating from lung abscess.
AB  - A case of fatal septicemia with Selenomonas sputigena in an immunocompromised
      patient is reported. The patient had a lung abscess from which the septicemia is
      believed to have originated. In contrast to the only other case reported in the
      literature, the isolate from our patient was characterized by very slow and
      difficult growth.

PMID- 4018069
TI  - Disseminated candidiasis with extensive folliculitis in abusers of brown Iranian
      heroin.
AB  - Two cases of heroin abusers who developed disseminated candidiasis are reported.
      Cultures of skin lesions revealed Candida albicans, which on histology were shown
      to be located in and around hair shafts. Both patients recovered after treatment
      with amphotericin B combined with 5-fluorocytosine and either ketoconazole or
      dexamethasone. This unusual cutaneous syndrome of candidal infection associated
      with extensive folliculitis seems to be related to the use of a particular type
      of heroin, the so-called brown Iranian heroin.

PMID- 4018071
TI  - Isolation of Moellerella wisconsensis from an infected human gallbladder.

PMID- 4018072
TI  - Emergence of multiple drug resistance among Salmonella species in Jordan.

PMID- 4018073
TI  - Isolation of Aeromonas species from animals.

PMID- 4018074
TI  - Support of the single species concept for Streptococcus milleri by DNA
      hybridization data.

PMID- 4018075
TI  - Kinetic studies on reduction of cytochromes P-450 and b5 by dithionite.
AB  - The kinetics of reduction of cytochromes P-450 and b5 by dithionite had been
      studied in solution and in microsomal and proteoliposomal membranes by the
      stopped-flow technique. In all the cases studied the kinetic curves of reduction
      of cytochrome b5 obey first-order kinetics in relation to cytochrome with the
      rate constant about 14 s-1 at 10.6 mM dithionite. The kinetic curves of reduction
      of cytochrome P-450 fit an equation for the sum of two exponentials with the
      parameters varying from system to system. The simple first-order kinetics of
      cytochrome P-450 reduction had been observed in the presence of non-ionic
      detergent Triton N-101. The apparent biphasity of cytochrome P-450 reduction by
      dithionite should be the result asymmetric distribution of hemoprotein in
      microsomal and proteoliposomal membranes as well as in cytochrome oligomers in
      solution.

PMID- 4018076
TI  - Mechanism of activation of bovine kidney pyruvate dehydrogenase a kinase by
      malonyl-CoA and enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA.
AB  - The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, which phosphorylates and
      thereby inactivates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, was stimulated by malonyl
      CoA. Treatment with [2-14C]malonyl-CoA resulted in acylation of sites in the
      complex. Both acylation and activation of kinase activity increased in a time
      dependent manner with a parallel increase in those activities when the malonyl
      CoA:CoA ratio was varied. Protein-bound acyl groups were labilized by performic
      acid treatment indicating their attachment to protein at thiol residues; however,
      the product released was volatile, which is not characteristic of malonic acid.
      While malonyl-CoA was initially free of acetyl-CoA, stimulation of kinase
      activity and acylation of sites in the complex by malonyl-CoA were shown to be
      contingent upon enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylation. Decarboxylation appeared to be
      catalyzed by a trace contaminant present in highly purified preparations of both
      the pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes. Under conditions in
      which both free CoA was removed (by conversion to succinyl-CoA) and then, after
      various periods, free acetyl-CoA was removed (by enzymic conversion to acetyl
      phosphate), both acetylation of sites in the complex and activation of kinase
      activity increased in a time-dependent manner. Concomitantly there was a decrease
      in the concentration dependence for activation of the kinase by malonyl-CoA. Our
      results strongly support the conclusion that activation of kinase activity is
      associated with acylation of sites in the complex, and that, in the case of
      malonyl-CoA, those processes depend on enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylation.

PMID- 4018077
TI  - Hepatic carbamoyl phosphate metabolism. Role of cytosolic and mitochondrial
      carbamoyl phosphate in de novo pyrimidine synthesis.
AB  - The interrelationship between the two carbamoyl phosphate pools in intact
      hepatocytes and intact liver was studied with respect to de novo pyrimidine
      synthesis by use of selective inhibitors of the mitochondrial and the cytosolic
      carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Inhibition of mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate
      synthesis by 4-pentenoate was without effect on galactosamine-stimulated
      pyrimidine synthesis. Conditions favouring mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate
      accumulation, like excess ammonium ions or L-norvaline, led to an increase in
      pyrimidine synthesis bypassing the feedback inhibition of cytosolic carbamoyl
      phosphate synthetase by UTP. A stimulation of pyrimidine synthesis was not
      observed when the carbamoyl phosphate accumulation was due to aspartate
      deficiency in the presence of aminooxyacetate. The full response of pyrimidine
      synthesis to excess ammonium ions was restored, even in the presence of
      aminooxyacetate, when aspartate was substituted. This is explained by an
      inhibition of aspartate carbamoyltransferase flux [in view of the Km (aspartate =
      0.7 mmol/l) of this enzyme] resulting from a 90% decrease in aspartate tissue
      levels. Acivicin, the inhibitor of cytosolic carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase,
      completely abolished the galactosamine-induced stimulation of pyrimidine
      synthesis, but was without effect on the stimulation of pyrimidine synthesis by
      ammonium ions and L-norvaline. It is concluded that experimental changes in
      mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate content exert effects on de novo pyrimidine
      synthesis; however, it is considered unlikely that relevant amounts of
      mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate are used for pyrimidine synthesis under
      physiological conditions. In addition the data point to a potential regulatory
      role of aspartate in hepatic pyrimidine synthesis.

PMID- 4018078
TI  - Role of plasma albumin in renal elimination of a mercapturic acid. Analyses in
      normal and mutant analbuminemic rats.
AB  - Biosynthesis of N-acetylcysteine S-conjugates of xenobiotics (mercapturic acids)
      occurs via interorgan metabolism and the renal transtubular transport system
      plays an important role in elimination of the final metabolites from the
      organism. To assess the behavior of a mercapturic acid in the circulation, plasma
      clearance of radioactive S-benzyl-N-acetylcysteine and its interaction with
      plasma proteins were studied in normal and mutant analbuminemic rats (NAR).
      Intravenously injected S-benzyl-N-acetylcysteine rapidly disappeared from the
      circulation both in NAR and normal animals. However, its plasma clearance was
      significantly higher in NAR (45.7 ml kg-1 min-1) than in normal rats (25.2 ml kg
      1 min-1). Ultrafiltration analysis revealed that 18.4% and 80.1% of the
      mercapturate bound to plasma protein(s) from NAR and normal rats, respectively,
      at 50 microM ligand concentration. The mercapturic acid bound to plasma albumin
      with an association constant of 2.24 X 10(5) M-1 and the number of binding sites
      was 1.18/mol albumin. The binding was competitively inhibited by probenecid and L
      tryptophan. Concomitant administration of this mercapturic acid with equimolar
      amounts of albumin resulted in a marked decrease in the plasma clearance (26.2 ml
      kg-1 min-1) and an increase in the urinary secretion of this ligand in NAR. 30
      min after injection of the mercapturic acid (10 mumol/kg body weight), 27.3% and
      60.4% of the injected dose was recovered from urine and kidneys of NAR and normal
      rats respectively. About 41% of the dose was recovered in NAR urine when the
      ligand was injected bound to an equimolar amount of albumin. These results
      suggested that albumin is important for the renal accumulation and urinary
      elimination of the circulating mercapturic acid.

PMID- 4018079
TI  - Creatine phosphokinase: isoenzymes in Torpedo marmorata.
AB  - Creatine phosphokinase (ATP: creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) is the
      major constituent of the "low-salt-soluble" proteins of the electric organ from
      Torpedo marmorata. The denatured subunits of the enzyme have an apparent Mr of 43
      000 and isoelectric points ranging between pH 6.2 and pH 6.5. Identical
      properties are found for the creatine phosphokinase from Torpedo muscle tissue.
      Anti-(electric organ creatine phosphokinase) antibodies are specific for the
      muscle-type enzyme and do not cross-react with enzymes present in Torpedo brain
      and electric lobe tissue. Biochemical and immunochemical properties of the enzyme
      associated with acetylcholine-receptor-enriched membranes show that this enzyme
      is as the "low-salt-soluble" electric organ enzyme of the muscle-specific type.
      In vitro translation of electric organ poly(A)-rich mRNA in a reticulocyte lysate
      reveals the abundance of mRNA specific for muscle creatine phosphokinase. During
      embryonic development of the electrocyte a continuous increase of translatable
      amounts of this mRNA is observed. No brain-type polypeptides are synthesized. The
      subunits of the brain-specific enzyme differ in molecular mass (Mr approximately
      equal to 42000) and isoelectric properties (pI approximately equal to 7.0-7.2).
      The unexpected finding that the brain forms are more basic than the muscle
      specific enzyme is supported by agarose and cellulose acetate electrophoresis and
      ion-exchange chromatography properties.

PMID- 4018080
TI  - Properties of cytosolic epoxide hydrolase purified from the liver of untreated
      and clofibrate-treated mice. Characterization of optimal assay conditions,
      substrate specificity and effects of modulators on the catalytic activity.
AB  - We have characterized certain catalytic properties of cytosolic epoxide
      hydrolases purified from untreated and clofibrate-treated mouse liver. The enzyme
      activity was found to be sensitive to oxygen, but nitrogen-saturated buffers
      containing dithiothreitol maintained high activity for at least 12 h at 0 degrees
      C. Linearity of the hydration of trans-stilbene oxide with time and protein was
      established, the pH optimum was broad (6.5 to 7.4) and the temperature optimum
      was close to 50 degrees C for both forms. The activity was independent of ionic
      strength, with the exception of the control form in the absence of
      dithiothreitol, where a lower activity was observed at low ionic strength. The
      activity decreased when ethanol was replaced by acetone or acetonitrile as
      solvent for the substrate. Tetrahydrofuran was found to be highly inhibitory,
      while dimethylsulfoxide had less pronounced effects. The apparent Km values were
      4.9 microM, 73 microM and 1980 microM for the control form with trans-stilbene
      oxide, cis-stilbene oxide and styrene oxide as substrates, respectively. The Km
      values for the enzyme from clofibrate-treated mice were in the same range,
      although the V values were higher for all three substrates with this form. The
      highest turnover was found for trans-beta-propylstyrene oxide as substrate,
      followed by trans-beta-ethylstyrene oxide. Little or no activity was observed
      with benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide or cholesterol 5,6 alpha-oxide. The enzymes were
      found to be sensitive to 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and a phenylmercuric
      salt. alpha-Naphthoflavone, beta-naphthoflavone and chalcone derivatives also
      inhibited the activity, while none of the compounds known to activate microsomal
      epoxide hydrolase activated the cytosolic forms.

PMID- 4018081
TI  - Hysteretic behaviour of citrate synthase. Isotopically chiral citryl-CoA reveals
      increased number of reversals of the synthase condensation step under steady
      state conditions.
AB  - Citrate specimens derived from chiral acetates were converted to the CoA
      derivatives. These were reconverted with citrate synthase to citrates under
      conditions of either predominating hydrolytic burst or predominating steady-state
      period. The stereochemical purity of substrates and products was determined.
      Reversal of the synthase condensation step occurs under both conditions but is
      markedly increased during the steady-state period. The results indicate that
      citryl-CoA-derived acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate create the steady-state
      conditions. The hydrolase state and the ligase/lyase state of the synthase
      predominate under burst and steady-state conditions, respectively. This result
      indicates a conversion of the hydrolase state into the ligase/lyase state during
      the transition.

PMID- 4018082
TI  - Differentiation of rat myoblasts. Regulation of turnover of ribosomal proteins
      and their mRNAs.
AB  - The regulation of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and their mRNAs (rp-mRNAs) was
      studied in the L6 myoblast, a mammalian cell line which can undergo myogenesis.
      Upon terminal differentiation, the rate of accumulation of mature ribosomes
      dropped to approximately 25% of the rate found in undifferentiated myoblasts.
      Despite the drop in the rate of ribosome accumulation and the rate of rRNA
      synthesis following terminal differentiation, the rate of r-protein synthesis
      remained constant. The excess r-protein synthesized in myotubes was quickly
      degraded. The levels of rp-mRNAs were assessed before and after differentiation.
      Over 90% of the rp-mRNAs were found on polysomes in both myoblasts and myotubes
      and represented similar fractions of total poly(A)-rich mRNA. The half-lives of
      the rp-mRNAs averaged approximately 11 h in both myoblasts and myotubes. In vitro
      nuclear transcription measurements of a representative rp-mRNA (L32 mRNA)
      revealed that following differentiation, its rate of synthesis relative to the
      overall transcription rate dropped by approximately 26% in myotubes while the
      rate of transcription of rRNA dropped by approximately 77%. These results
      indicate that the coordination of r-protein and rRNA synthesis observed in
      myoblasts was uncoupled in myotubes at the level of transcription.

PMID- 4018083
TI  - Bundling of microtubules by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and its
      modulation by ATP.
AB  - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from different origins (brain, muscle,
      erythrocytes) binds to microtubules polymerized from pure brain tubulin and
      causes bundle formation in vitro. ATP is shown to dissociate these bundles into
      individual microtubules, while the dehydrogenase is not displaced from the
      polymers by this nucleotide. ATP can be replaced by adenosine 5'-(beta, gamma
      imido]triphosphate, a nonhydrolyzable analog of ATP. These data are interpreted
      in terms of dissociation of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase tetramer
      into dimers by ATP. The enzyme is also efficiently purified by a tubulin
      Sepharose affinity chromatography.

PMID- 4018084
TI  - Identification of the calmodulin-binding components in bovine lens plasma
      membranes.
AB  - Lens membranes, purified from calf lenses, have been labeled by covalent cross
      linking to membrane-bound 125I-calmodulin with dithiobis(succinimidyl
      propionate). Electrophoretic analysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate demonstrated two
      major 125I-containing products of Mr = 49 000 and 36 000. That the formation of
      these two components was specifically inhibited by unlabeled calmodulin, or
      calmodulin antagonists, would indicate that the formation of these components was
      calmodulin-specific. The size of these two 125I-labeled components was unchanged
      over a range of 125I-calmodulin or dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate)
      concentrations indicating that they represent 1:1 complexes between 125I
      calmodulin (Mr = 17 000) and Mr-32 000 and Mr-19 000 lens membrane components
      respectively. Although formation of both cross-linked components exhibited an
      absolute dependence on Mg2+, the autoradiographic intensity of these components
      was enhanced when Ca2+ was included with Mg2+ during the cross-linking reaction.
      Labeling was maximal in 10 mM MgCl2 and approximately 1 microM Ca2+. Treatment of
      lens membranes with chymotrypsin resulted in the cleavage of MP26 (the major lens
      membrane protein), with the appearance of a major proteolytic fragment of Mr = 22
      000. This proteolysis was not associated with any significant change in either
      the size or amount of the 125I-calmodulin-labeled membrane components. These
      results suggest that calmodulin interacts with two membrane proteins, but not
      significantly with MP26, in the intact lens cell membrane. Our results indicate
      the need to maintain caution in interpreting direct calcium plus calmodulin
      effects on MP26 and lens cell junctions.

PMID- 4018085
TI  - The mechanism of the C-13(3) esterification step in the biosynthesis of
      bacteriochlorophyll a.
AB  - 5-Aminolaevulinate labelled with 18O at its C-1 carboxy oxygen atoms was prepared
      and incorporated into bacteriochlorophyll aphytyl of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides
      and bacteriochlorophyll ageranylgeranyl of Rhodospirillum rubrum. The
      biosynthetic samples of the bacteriochlorophylls were separately processed to
      obtain their isoprenyl alcohol components from the C-17(3) ester linkages and
      methanol from the C-13(3) methoxycarbonyl group. Methods were developed for the
      quantification of the isotopic composition of the various alcohols (methanol,
      phytol, geranylgeraniol). It was shown that the hydroxyl oxygen atoms of all the
      three alcohols originated from one of the C-1 oxygen atoms of the precursor 5
      aminolaevulinate. In the light of these results the in vivo mechanism for the O
      methylation reaction at C-13(3) during the biosynthesis of the two species of
      bacteriochlorophylls is discussed.

PMID- 4018086
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of cucumber mosaic virus RNA. 1. Presence of a sequence
      complementary to part of the viral satellite RNA and homologies with other viral
      RNAs.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the 3389 residues of RNA 1 (Mr 1.15 X 10(6) of the Q
      strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was determined, completing the primary
      structure of the CMV genome (8617 nucleotides). CMV RNA 1 was sequenced by the
      dideoxy-chain-termination method using M13 clones carrying RNA 1 sequences as
      well as synthetic oligonucleotide primers on RNA 1 as a template. At the 5' end
      of the RNA there are 97 noncoding residues between the cap structure and the
      first AUG (98-100), which is the start of a single long open-reading frame. This
      reading frame encodes a translation product of 991 amino acid residues (Mr
      110791) and stops 319 nucleotide residues from the 3' end of RNA 1. In addition
      to the conserved 3' region present in all CMV RNAs (307 residues in RNA 1), RNAs
      1 and 2 have highly homologous 5' leader sequences, a 12-nucleotide segment of
      which is also conserved in the corresponding RNAs of brome mosaic virus (BMV).
      CMV satellite RNA can form stable base pairs with a region of CMV RNAs 1 and 2
      including this 12-nucleotide sequence, implying a regulatory function. This
      conserved sequence is part of a hairpin structure in RNAs 1 and 2 of CMV and BMV
      and in CMV satellite RNA. The entire translation products of RNA 1 of CMV and BMV
      could be aligned with significant homology. Less prominent homologies were found
      with alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 translation product and with tobacco mosaic virus
      Mr-126000 protein.

PMID- 4018087
TI  - Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy study of phospholipid
      molecular motion in the gel phase using 1-palmitoyl-2-[9-(2-anthryl)-nonanoyl] 
      sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine as probe.
AB  - 1-Palmitoyl-2-[9-(2-anthryl)-nonanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Anthr-PC), a
      non-perturbing phospholipid probe [de Bony, J. and Tocane, J. F. (1983) Chem.
      Phys. Lipids 32, 105-121], has been designed in order to obtain insight into the
      membrane lipid organization at a 'microscopic' level, in terms of lateral
      distribution both in model and in natural membranes [de Bony, J. et al. (1984)
      Eur. J. Biochem. 143, 373-379; FEBS Lett. 174, 1-6]. In the present study, the
      molecular motions of this new fluorescent probe embedded in a lipid matrix have
      been investigated by fluorescence anisotropy techniques in steady-state and time
      resolved modes. The results indicate that long axis rotation, monitored by the
      out-of-plane mode of rotation of the fluorophore, is fast even in the
      phospholipid gel state. It is moderately sensitive to the phase transition. The
      data suggest that this rotation is anisotropic. Cholesterol exhibits little
      effect on this rotation. The rotation of the long axis itself is sensitive to the
      transition. It is hindered as inferred from measurements at wavelength where both
      the in-plane and out-of-plane motions contribute to the depolarization of the
      emitted fluorescence light. Cholesterol restricts this motion. The behaviour of
      the free 9-(2-anthryl)-nonanoic acid is not significantly different from that of
      Anthr-PC. These results are discussed with respect to the influence of
      orientational constraints on the photodimerization process when this lipid probe
      is used to monitor phospholipid lateral distribution.

PMID- 4018088
TI  - Primary structure of the two variants of a sperm-specific histone H1 from the
      annelid Platynereis dumerilii.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of the two variants (H1a 121 residues and H1b 119
      residues) of the sperm-specific histone H1 from the polychaete annelid
      Platynereis dumerilii have been completely established. Comparison of the
      sequences of these two variants shows one deletion of two residues in histone H1b
      and 22 substitents, of which most occur in the globular domain. The two variants
      differ highly in a sequence of nine residues adjacent to the conservative
      phenylalanine residue of histone H1 (64-72 in H1a, 62-70 in H1b) which makes H1a
      less hydrophobic than H1b. The small molecular size of Platynereis H1a and H1b is
      a unique feature among the histones H1 of which the size ranges between 189
      residues (chicken erythrocyte H5) and 248 residues (sea urchin sperm H1). H1a and
      H1b have short N- and C-terminal basic domains but the size of the globular
      domain (approximately equal to 80 residues) is similar to that of other H1s. In
      the globular region the variant H1a exhibits a close relationship with somatic or
      sperm H1s whereas the variant H1b is more related to H5 histones.

PMID- 4018089
TI  - Regulation of the human-erythrocyte hexose-monophosphate shunt under conditions
      of oxidative stress. A study using NMR spectroscopy, a kinetic isotope effect, a
      reconstituted system and computer simulation.
AB  - The regulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt of human erythrocytes under
      conditions of oxidative stress has been investigated by monitoring the reduction
      of oxidised glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) in erythrocytes
      containing high levels of GSSG; 1H NMR and a biochemical assay were used to
      measure the changes. A reconstituted metabolic system prepared with the purified
      erythrocyte enzymes was used in conjunction with studies of intact cells and
      haemolysates to determine the dependence of the rate of GSH production on the
      activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Both of these
      enzymes have previously been claimed to be the rate-limiting step of oxidatively
      stimulated flux through the hexose monophosphate shunt. The absence of a kinetic
      isotope effect on the rate of GSH production in these systems, when [1-2H]glucose
      replaced glucose as the source of reducing equivalents, showed that glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase activity was not a strong determinant of the flux. The
      dependence of the rate of GSH production on the concentration of the hexokinase
      inhibitors glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate showed that,
      under conditions of oxidative stress, hexokinase was the principal determinant of
      flux through the shunt. Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate at the concentration present in
      vivo appears to be more important in limiting hexokinase activity, and thus the
      rate of glucose utilisation, than was previously assumed. A detailed computer
      model of the system was developed based on the reported kinetic parameters of the
      enzymes involved. A sensitivity analysis of this model predicted that the
      hexokinase reaction would have a sensitivity coefficient of 0.995 with respect to
      the maximal rate of GSH production.

PMID- 4018090
TI  - Evidence for two oxygen-linked binding sites for polyanions in dromedary
      hemoglobin.
AB  - The functional properties of dromedary hemoglobin have been studied as a function
      of chloride, polyphosphates and pH and compared with those of human hemoglobin.
      The two proteins have the same amino acid residues at the anion-binding sites as
      well as at the level of the groups responsible for the alkaline Bohr effect.
      Analysis of the experimental data reveals that: (a) intrinsic oxygen affinity and
      the Bohr effect are very similar for the two proteins; (b) the association
      equilibrium constants of chloride are substantially higher in the dromedary
      system, both in the unligated and ligated state; (c) two polyanion-binding sites
      occur in dromedary oxy and deoxyhemoglobin; (d) association constants of
      polyphosphates for the higher-affinity binding site (probably in the cavity
      between beta chains) are comparable for the two proteins under physiological
      conditions; association constants for the second binding site in dromedary
      hemoglobin are not affected by pH changes; (e) the dependence of oxygen affinity
      in dromedary hemoglobin upon chloride concentration is complex, this anion at
      relatively low concentrations reverses the effect of millimolar polyphosphate;
      (f) both in stopped-flow and flash photolysis experiments the kinetic behaviour
      of dromedary hemoglobin is consistent with the equilibrium results. The
      pronounced sensitivity to solvent composition of the functional properties of
      dromedary hemoglobin even in the oxy state stresses the potential relevance of
      this conformation for regulating the oxygen transport in vivo.

PMID- 4018091
TI  - Cell-free synthesis and co-translational processing of the human
      asialoglycoprotein receptor.
AB  - The human asialoglycoprotein receptor is a 46-kDa membrane glycoprotein. It is
      initially synthesized as a 40-kDa precursor species possessing two N-linked high
      mannose oligosaccharides which is subsequently converted to the 46-kDa mature
      product upon modification of its oligosaccharides of the complex form [Schwartz,
      A. L. & Rup, D. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11 249-11 255]. To investigate further
      the biosynthesis of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor, we have utilized a
      cell-free wheat germ translation system supplemented with dog pancreatic
      microsomal membranes and programmed with HepG2 and human liver RNA. The primary
      translation product of the human receptor is a single 34-kDa species and this
      species is expressed throughout human fetal and adult development. The primary
      translation product possesses no cleavable signal peptide and is
      cotranslationally glycosylated to form the 40-kDa precursor species. In addition,
      the human asialoglycoprotein receptor is co-translationally inserted into
      microsomal membranes such that a 4-kDa cytoplasmic tail is susceptible to trypsin
      digestion.

PMID- 4018092
TI  - Assembly of oligonucleosomes into a limit series of multimeric higher-order
      chromatin structures.
AB  - Chicken erythrocyte chromatin, obtained after fragmentation with micrococcal
      nuclease, appears to remain folded in a stable distribution of supranucleosomal
      structures in buffers containing 80 mM NaCl. These supranucleosomal particles are
      composed of on average 25 nucleosomes. However, the integrity of the linker DNA
      within these particles is not required. The supranucleosomal particles have been
      interpreted by others as superbeads cut out of a preexisting granular nominal 30
      nm chromatin fibre. We show that the same distribution of supranucleosomal
      structures (even those containing internal DNA scissions) can be reconstituted
      from unfolded nuclear chromatin extracts as present in 10 mM or 600 mM NaCl.
      Moreover, fractions of oligonucleosomes with mean lengths between 6 and 15
      nucleosomes reassemble or aggregate into a limit series of multimeric species.
      The existence of an assembly barrier could be inferred as we were unable to
      observe a stable and soluble assembly product containing more than about 25
      nucleosomes. We propose an alternative explanation for the generation and
      observation of a constant distribution of supranucleosomal structures in nuclear
      extracts, based on the assembly or aggregation property of oligonucleosomes and
      on the existence of an assembly barrier.

PMID- 4018093
TI  - Isolation of proteins assembled in lipid body membranes during fat mobilization
      in cucumber cotyledons.
AB  - Lipid bodies from fat-mobilizing cotyledons of cucumber and other Cucurbitaceae
      were investigated. Proteins and glycoproteins were analyzed by electrophoresis
      and then used to characterize the lipid body membrane at different stages of cell
      development. Contaminations by other membranes or organelles were ruled out by
      comparing the main constituents from the endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol,
      glyoxysomes and protein bodies with the pattern of the lipid body membrane,
      considering both the prevalent peptides and the dominating glycoproteins. Among
      the proteins of lipid body membranes in ripening and germinating cotyledons, a 90
      kDa peptide was found as unique marker of lipid bodies at the stage of fat
      mobilization. The 90-kDa protein was purified, and antibodies against it were
      raised in rabbits. By means of immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic analysis
      it was demonstrated that the synthesis of the 90-kDa form located in lipid bodies
      shows a transient increase and subsequent decline, with maximal values being
      observed at day 3 of germination. At this stage, the rate of de novo synthesis
      was compared considering lipid body proteins and other organellar proteins. The
      90-kDa protein appeared as the lipid body constituent that is synthesized and
      assembled in the organelle by far at the highest rates.

PMID- 4018094
TI  - A microanalytical procedure for determination of the base composition of DNA.
AB  - A new procedure for the determination of the percentage guanine plus cytosine (%
      G+C; mol/100 mol) values of microquantities of DNA is described. Its principle is
      a DNA-polymerase-I-directed nick translation of DNA in the presence of dGTP,
      dTTP, [3H]dCTP, and [alpha-32P]dATP. Kinetics experiments indicate that the
      plateau value is reached in about 20 min of incubation under our experimental
      conditions. Percentage G+C is obtained from the linear relation 1/(% G+C) = 0.01
      K [32P]/[3H] + 0.01, where the ratio of trichloroacetic-acid-precipitable
      radioactivity is taken into account, the K value being determined for each
      experiment by using a few reference DNAs of known composition. This procedure has
      proven suitable for analysis of plasmidic, viral and cellular DNAs of different
      base composition (25-75% G+C), shape (linear and circular double-stranded DNA)
      and size (100-150 000 base pairs). Usual methods for % G+C analysis (buoyant
      density and melting temperature determinations) yield unreliable results in the
      presence of either modified or unusual bases: the double-labeling procedure is
      still valid under these conditions. The latter is, therefore, the method of
      choice for analysis or rare DNA species which are available in very small
      quantities (it requires amounts of DNA as low as 1 ng, i.e. several order of
      magnitude lower than those used for chromatographic analysis of DNA
      hydrolysates). Since the obtention of highly purified DNA is an essential
      prerequisite for the double-labeling procedure, a method for purification of
      bacterial DNA is detailed in the present work.

PMID- 4018095
TI  - The complete primary structure of ribosomal proteins L1, L14, L15, L23, L24 and
      L29 from Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of ribosomal proteins L1, L14, L15, L23, L24 and L29
      from Bacillus stearothermophilus have been completely determined. This has been
      achieved by sequence analyses of peptides derived from enzymatic digestions of
      the proteins with trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, Staphylococcus aureus protease,
      and Armillaria mellea protease as well as by chemical cleavage with hydroxylamine
      and cyanogen bromide. Based on the primary structures of the six proteins, their
      secondary structures were predicted using four different computer prediction
      programs. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of the studied proteins from
      B. stearothermophilus with the homologous proteins from Escherichia coli revealed
      that in four proteins (L1, L15, L24 and L29) between 40-50% of the residue in the
      sequences are identical, whereas this value is significantly higher (69%) for L14
      and lower (28%) for L23. The distribution of those amino acid residues which are
      identical in the corresponding proteins from the two bacteria is not random along
      the protein chain: some regions are highly conserved whereas others are not. This
      finding indicates that the regions which are conserved during evolution are
      important for the spatial structure and/or function of the protein.

PMID- 4018096
TI  - The amino acid sequence of wheat histone H2A(1). A core histone with a C-terminal
      extension.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence (145 residues) of histone variant H2A(1) from
      wheat germ Triticum aestivum cultivar T4 has been established from Edman
      degradation of large overlapping fragments. The sequence of histone variant
      H2A(1) differs from the homologous calf histone in 61 amino acid positions. These
      differences include an extension of H2A(1) by 19 amino acids at its carboxyl end.

PMID- 4018097
TI  - Immunochemical analysis of rough and smooth microsomes from rat liver.
      Segregation of docking protein in rough membranes.
AB  - Docking protein (or signal recognition particle receptor) is an integral membrane
      protein essential for translocation of nascent polypeptides across the membrane
      of the endoplasmic reticulum. It serves as the receptor for the signal
      recognition particle, and represents the site of interaction between the
      translation and the translocation systems. Results presented here demonstrate
      that this protein is localized exclusively in rough microsomal membranes. Rough
      and smooth microsomes were prepared and their content of various marker proteins
      was determined by immunochemical techniques. Whereas a number of proteins,
      including cytochromes b5 and P-450 and their reductases were evenly distributed
      between rough and smooth microsomes, docking protein was found at 20-fold higher
      levels in the rough fraction. On the basis of these results it is concluded that
      docking protein is a functionally characterized integral protein specifically
      restricted to rough microsomal membranes.

PMID- 4018099
TI  - Fractionation of newly replicated nucleosomes by density labeling and rate zonal
      centrifugation for the analysis of the deposition sites of newly synthesized
      nucleosomal core histones.
AB  - We have found that partial resolution of newly replicated nucleosomes can be
      achieved by rate zonal centrifugation through sucrose density gradients preformed
      in heavy water. Nucleosome samples were obtained from MH-134SC cells density
      labeled with 5-iododeoxyuridine in the presence of suitable isotopic precursors.
      The method is simple and can be performed under conditions that do not
      destabilize the nucleosome structure. This gave us an exciting opportunity to
      study the deposition sites of newly synthesized histones. Nucleosomes were
      obtained from cells pulse-labeled simultaneously with 5-iododeoxyuridine and
      [3H]lysine for the rate zonal analysis. Proteins in the resulting fractions were
      resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and
      visualized by silver staining and fluorography. The distribution of newly
      synthesized H2A and H2B coincided closely with that of bulk nucleosomes. The
      distribution of newly synthesized H3 and H4 was shifted to the bottom sides of
      the bulk nucleosome peaks, but not so far as to the putative peaks of newly
      replicated (dense) nucleosomes. This means that newly synthesized histones are
      deposited on DNA in disproportionate amounts and that their sites of deposition
      are not restricted to newly replicated DNA.

PMID- 4018098
TI  - The occurrence of two immunologically distinguishable beta-glucocerebrosidases in
      human spleen.
AB  - The beta-glucosidase activity in spleen from control subjects and patients with
      different clinical phenotypes of Gaucher's disease was characterized. The
      occurrence of a soluble non-specific beta-glucosidase with a neutral pH optimum
      and two membrane-associated beta-glucocerebrosidases with an acid pH optimum was
      demonstrated. The two beta-glucocerebrosidases can be distinguished on the basis
      of their ability to react with anti-(placental beta-glucocerebrosidase)
      antibodies bound to protein-A--Sepharose 4B beads. One of the splenic beta
      glucocerebrosidases (form I) is precipitated by the immobilized antibodies and
      the other (form II) is not. The two forms also differ in binding affinity to
      concanavalin A, degree of stimulation of enzymic activity by taurocholate and
      isoelectric point. In contrast, the Km values of the two beta-glucocerebrosidases
      for natural and artificial substrates are similar and both are inhibited by
      conduritol B-epoxide. In spleen from three patients with type 1, one patient with
      type 2 and one patient with type 3 Gaucher's disease form I beta
      glucocerebrosidase was found to be clearly deficient, whereas the activity of
      form II was 25-50% of that in control spleen. The non-specific, neutral beta
      glucosidase was not deficient in these Gaucher spleens. The distinct biochemical
      and immunological properties of non-specific beta-glucosidase and the fact that
      normal levels of the enzyme are present in patients with Gaucher's disease
      indicate, in confirmation of previous reports, that non-specific beta-glucosidase
      is not related to beta-glucocerebrosidase.

PMID- 4018100
TI  - Serum bile acids and their conjugates in breast-fed infants with prolonged
      jaundice.
AB  - Serum bile acids and their conjugates were analysed in 20 breast-fed infants with
      prolonged jaundice. The mean total bile acid levels in serum were increased in
      the breast-fed infants with jaundice, as compared with those in either breast- or
      bottle-fed infants without jaundice. However, there were no significant
      differences between the groups. All the breast-fed infants examined, regardless
      of association with jaundice, had a bile acid pattern dominated by taurine
      conjugates (the ratio of glycine- to taurine-conjugated bile acid, G/T ratio,
      less than 1.00). In contrast, the bottle-fed infants without jaundice had a
      pattern dominated by glycine conjugates (G/T ratio, more than 1.00). Among the
      breast-fed infants with jaundice, the mean G/T ratio in those who had serum
      bilirubin levels over 10 mg/100 ml was significantly lower than that in those who
      had serum bilirubin levels of less than 10 mg/100 ml. The altered bile acid
      metabolism might be associated with the pathology of breast milk jaundice.

PMID- 4018101
TI  - Calcium homeostasis in the first days of life in relation to feeding.
AB  - Determinations of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcitonin
      (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were carried out in full term newborn infants
      during the first 168 h of life. The infants were randomly assigned to two
      different diets: glucose and breast feeding (BF) only or early formula feeding
      (F). The Ca serum levels decreased from birth to the 24th h; after that time they
      increased until the 72nd h. The values of serum Ca at the 48th and 72nd h were
      significantly lower in the F than in the BF group. In contrast, the P serum
      levels increased from birth to the 48th h and then they decreased; the values of
      serum P at the 48th h were significantly higher in F than in the BF group. The CT
      serum levels increased from birth to the 24th h and then they decreased. No
      difference between the F and BF groups was found during the first 48 h, while at
      the 72nd h the F group demonstrated significantly higher values of serum CT. PTH
      serum levels also increased from birth to the 24th h with significantly higher
      values at the 72nd h in the F group. The results of this investigation
      demonstrate that the difference in feeding in the first hours of life affects the
      calcium homeostasis and the secretion of hormones involved in the regulation of
      serum Ca levels.

PMID- 4018102
TI  - Lung function in children and adolescents with antecedents of acute rheumatic
      fever.
AB  - Static lung volumes, CO-lung transfer, airway resistance, maximal expiratory
      flows and lung elastic properties were studied in 29 children and adolescents 1
      10 years after recovery from acute rheumatic fever. There were essentially no
      changes in lung function even in the subjects with a residual valvular disease.
      The only abnormality was a tendency for the elastic lung recoil at TLC to be low,
      which is interpreted as probably reflecting a decrease in inspiratory muscle
      force.

PMID- 4018103
TI  - Disseminated neonatal herpes simplex virus infection acquired from the father.
AB  - A disseminated herpes virus type 1 infection in a baby was acquired from the
      father, who had herpes labialis. This was shown by virus strain typing using
      restriction endonuclease DNA analysis. Labial herpes, a common infection in
      adults, must be recognised as a potential threat to newborn babies.

PMID- 4018104
TI  - Severe illness caused by the products of bacterial metabolism in a child with a
      short gut.
AB  - An 8-year-old boy with a short gut had six episodes of metabolic acidosis and
      neurological dysfunction over a 1 month period. The neurological features
      consisted of a depressed conscious state, confusion, aggressive behaviour,
      slurred speech and ataxia. The organic acid profile of urine demonstrated
      increased amounts of lactic, 3-hydroxypropionic, 3-hydroxyisobutyric, 2
      hydroxyisocaproic, phenyllactic, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic
      acids. Of the lactic acid 99% was D-lactic acid. The anaerobic gut flora
      consisted almost entirely of Lactobacilli in unusually large numbers. A course of
      vancomycin prevented further episodes. A urinary organic acid profile may be
      diagnostic when a person with a short gut develops metabolic acidosis or an
      unusual encephalopathy and bacterial metabolites should be considered in other
      patients with unusual combinations of organic acids in the urine.

PMID- 4018105
TI  - Fronto-nasal dysplasia and lipoma of the corpus callosum.
AB  - A longitudinal study was performed of eight patients with fronto-nasal dysplasia.
      The follow-up exceeded 15 years in some patients. The eight cases showed lipoma
      of the corpus callosum. The only clinical alterations observed were cosmetic
      ones. No neurological abnormality was found, although their intellectual level
      was just within normal limits, the average IQ being 95, ranging from 82-103. No
      relationship between the IQ and the type of facies or the size of the lipoma was
      found. All the children presented psychological alterations, especially
      misanthropy and shyness. The lipoma was diagnosed by computerised tomography. Two
      otherwise unidentifiable small lipomas were found with this technique. Pneumoence
      phalography and carotid arteriography, which had been performed on nearly all the
      patients before CT scanning, had demonstrated some alterations. These anomalies
      slightly deformed the anterior portion of the lateral ventricles and anterior
      cerebral arteries, but a lipoma in the corpus callosum had not been considered.
      Only in one case was hypogenesis of the corpus callosum clearly demonstrated. The
      presence of an extra-osseous lipoma on the forehead and of a vertical bony bar in
      the intracranial midline in contact with the frontal bone are definite signs of
      the presence of a lipoma in the corpus callosum. The lipoma is in anterior
      contact with the vertical bony bar. The neurological alterations presented by the
      patients in this series are minor compared with those described by other authors
      writing of children with lipoma of the corpus callosum without FND. Because of
      mild clinical alteration in these children we have not considered removing the
      lipoma.

PMID- 4018106
TI  - Cimetidine pharmacokinetics and dosage requirements in children.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cimetidine (10 mg/kg) were investigated in 11 children
      following an oral dose and in 9 children following an intravenous dose. The
      children ranged in age from 4-13 years and were undergoing radiology for upper
      gastrointestinal tract pain. Compared with a group of adults, the children had a
      higher total body clearance (11.6 +/- 3.4 versus 7.0 +/- 2.5 ml/min per kg; P
      less than 0.005), a larger apparent volume of distribution (1.24 +/- 0.40 versus
      0.80 +/- 0.24 l/kg; P less than 0.005) and a shorter elimination half-life (83 +/
      26 versus 122 +/- 16 min; P less than 0.001) of cimetidine. Renal clearance in
      children comprised 70% of total body clearance, more than double that of adults
      (9.0 +/- 1.9 versus 4.2 +/- 2.1 ml/min per kg; P less than 0.001). The area under
      the cimetidine plasma concentration: time curve after the oral dose was on
      average 42% in children compared with adults. The mechanism for the increased
      elimination of cimetidine in children is suggested to be an increase in the renal
      tubular secretory transport of cimetidine in the kidney. A statistically
      significant negative correlation was observed between age and cimetidine renal
      clearance. A cimetidine dosage regimen of approximately 30 mg/kg per day in three
      to four divided doses would be an appropriate dose in children.

PMID- 4018107
TI  - Caudal dysplasia and femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome: different
      manifestations of the same disorder?
AB  - The Caudal Dysplasia syndrome and the Femoral Hypoplasia-Unusual Facies syndrome
      have been reported to be more frequent among infants of diabetic mothers. We
      report a newborn girl who presented with features compatible with both syndromes.
      The possibility that both conditions represent different manifestations of the
      same disorder is discussed.

PMID- 4018108
TI  - Severe dyspnea and dysphagia resulting from an aberrant cervical thymus.
AB  - A 5-month-old infant presented with severe dyspnea and dysphagia resulting from a
      right-sided cervical mass. At 5 months of age, a large aberrant thymus was
      excised, resulting in the disappearance of all symptoms. Pathological examination
      showed normal thymus tissue. Since the preoperative chest X-ray film showed a
      normal thymic shadow and the T-lymphocyte functions were normal, we conclude that
      this was not an ectopic gland but an undescended thymic implant.

PMID- 4018109
TI  - Parental age and birth order effects in children with febrile convulsions.
AB  - This is a study of the parental age and birth order of 100 Chinese children with
      febrile convulsions compared with 100 controls. The birth order of children with
      febrile convulsions (1.6 +/- 0.8) was found to be lower than that of the controls
      (2.1 +/- 1.0), a difference significant at P less than 0.001, whereas there was
      no significant difference for both paternal and maternal age. Using multiple
      regression analysis, it was found that the birth order effect was significant at
      P less than 0.0001. This finding suggests that perinatal factors may play a role
      in the pathogenesis of febrile convulsions.

PMID- 4018110
TI  - Errors of morphogenesis and inborn errors of immunity 20 years after the
      discovery of DiGeorge anomaly.
AB  - The heuristic concept of "inborn errors of metabolism" was introduced more then
      70 years ago and by analogy has prompted the more recent introduction of the term
      "inborn errors of immunity". It is now well recognized that many inborn errors of
      immunity can be considered inborn errors of metabolism. Typically, many forms of
      severe combined immunodeficiency result from adenosine deaminase deficiency,
      i.e., an inborn error of purine metabolism. On the other hand, errors of immunity
      are often associated with "errors of morphogenesis", resulting from an
      intrinsically abnormal developmental process (malformation), a secondary or
      extrinsic interference with originally normal development (disruption), or an
      abnormal organization of cells into tissues (dysplasia). Twenty years after the
      original description, the DiGeorge anomaly should be considered an inborn error
      of morphogenesis and immunity due either to disruption or less frequently to
      malformation. In other immunodeficiencies, such as ataxia telangiectasia, the
      morphologic and immunologic errors result from a dyshistogenesis, i.e.,
      dysplasia. Also, true malformation syndromes, such as Down's syndrome, are
      consistently associated with immunodeficiency.

PMID- 4018112
TI  - Prognostic significance of pathological staging in gastrointestinal tumors.

PMID- 4018111
TI  - Drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome) in a 4-year-old girl.
AB  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome) with erythematous skin lesions and
      bulla formation developed in a 4-year-old girl. An accurate diagnosis using the
      cryostat technique on the top of a bulla was available within 1 h of hospital
      admission. The course was unusually mild, probably because of early treatment
      with corticosteroids. Skin prick tests revealed salicylamide as the agent
      responsible for inducing the disease. The patient was advised to avoid this
      substance for the rest of her life.

PMID- 4018113
TI  - Hormonal steroid receptors in intracranial tumours and their relevance in hormone
      therapy.
AB  - Determination of cytosolic estradiol and progesterone receptors was carried out
      in 30 intracranial tumors: 12 meningiomas, 13 metastases, two angioreticulomas,
      two gliomas and one sarcoma. The hormonal fraction found with the receptor and
      the dissociation constant (Kd) were determined by the Scatchard method. Values
      higher than 10 fmol/mg of protein were considered as positive. Ten of the 12
      meningiomas (83%) showed progesterone receptors (RP), while estrogen receptors
      (RE) were not found in any of the cases; six of the 13 metastases showed the two
      types of receptors; the other tumors did not present detectable receptor levels.
      There was no correlation between the receptor level and patient age, sex or
      hormonal status. Thee results suggest the possible use of endocrine therapy for
      example in cases of high-risk patients or incomplete surgical resection.

PMID- 4018114
TI  - Demonstration of hepatic triglyceride lipase-like activity in ascites fluid of
      mice with sarcoma 180.
AB  - The contents of apolipoproteins of plasma and ascites fluid of mice with Sarcoma
      180 were measured. The apolipoprotein A-I contents of plasma decreased with
      development of the tumor. The apolipoprotein C-II and C-III contents of plasma
      reached a maximum on day 7 after tumor inoculation and then decreased. The
      apolipoprotein A-I content of the ascites fluid was lower than that of normal
      mouse plasma. In contrast, the apolipoprotein C-II and C-III contents of the
      ascites fluid were higher than those of normal mouse plasma. The ascites fluid of
      mice with Sarcoma 180 was found to contain at least two lipases. One had a pH
      optimum of 5.5-7.0 and was strongly inhibited by chlorpromazine. The other had an
      alkaline pH optimum and was inhibited only slightly by chlorpromazine. When the
      ascites fluid was applied to a heparin-Sepharose column 40-45% of the applied
      triglyceride lipase activity was retained on the column, which was eluted with
      0.75 M NaCl. This fraction was inhibited by heat-inactivated (56 degrees C, 10
      min) human serum, and was relatively resistant to l M NaCl. These results suggest
      that one of the lipolytic enzymes present in the ascites fluid of mice with
      Sarcoma 180 is hepatic triglyceride lipase.

PMID- 4018115
TI  - Gastrin has no promoting effect on chemically induced colonic tumors in Wistar
      rats.
AB  - The effects of prolonged administration of tetragastrin from the beginning of
      intrarectal instillation of 1 ml of 0.25% N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
      (MNNG) and after MNNG-treatment on the incidence and histology of colonic tumors
      were compared in inbred Wistar rats. In week 35 prolonged administration of
      testragastrin in depot form from the beginning of MNNG-treatment resulted in a
      significant reduction in the incidence of colonic tumors and a significant
      increase in the incidence of mucinous adenocarcinoma, unlike the well
      differentiated adenocarcinoma produced in controls without gastrin. In contrast,
      prolonged administration of tetragastrin after MNNG-treatment had little or no
      influence on the incidence, size or histology of colonic tumors. Thus
      tetragastrin had no promoting effect on colonic tumors.

PMID- 4018116
TI  - N-Methylformamide (NSC 3051): a potential candidate for combination chemotherapy.
AB  - N-Methylformamide (NMF) was found to be non-toxic to the bone marrow as reflected
      in the absence of leukopenia in mice, even when the marrow had been compromised
      by prior administration of cyclophosphamide. Thus recovery from the leukopenic
      nadir after 160 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide was unaffected by 200 mg/kg X 10 of
      NMF. This combination, given to animals bearing the M5076 sarcoma, proved to have
      an additive antitumour effect as measured by tumour growth delay and was superior
      to the antitumour effect of two doses of cyclophosphamide, a regime which
      prolonged the leukopenia. Furthermore, the hepatotoxicity of NMF was not
      augmented by the addition of cyclophosphamide. When hepatotoxicity was induced in
      BALB/c mice bearing the NMF-resistant ADJ/PC6A plasmacytoma, cyclophosphamide
      fully maintained its antitumour effect. The results show NMF to be a highly
      specific antiproliferative agent with potential for use in the therapy of
      patients with a compromised bone marrow and/or in combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 4018117
TI  - The effect of methotrexate pretreatment on 5-fluorouracil kinetics in sarcoma 180
      in vivo.
AB  - Synergy of sequential MTX and 5-FU has been shown in several in vitro and in vivo
      systems. In the present study the influence of time interval between MTX and 5-FU
      and MTX dose on 5-FU accumulation in tumor cells has been examined in Sarcoma 180
      in vivo. There was a clear relationship between MTX dose applied and amount of 5
      FU detected in the acid-soluble fraction, the RNA fraction and the thymidylate
      synthase complex fraction. Also, the MTX-5-FU time interval affected clearly the
      amount of 5-FU detected in all three fractions, the optimum time interval being 8
      12 hr. The results indicate that for sequential application of MTX and 5-FU
      selection of an adequate MTX dose and a sufficient time interval is crucial to
      achieve synergistic action.

PMID- 4018118
TI  - Effect of X-irradiation on the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in rats:
      alteration of the blood-brain barrier.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the effects of brain irradiation on the
      permeability of the blood-brain barrier for methotrexate (MTX). Female WAG/Rij
      rats were cranially irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy of 300 kV X-rays. At
      different times (1-15 days) after the exposure the rats were injected
      intravenously with MTX (25 mg/kg body wt). Irradiation had hardly any effect on
      the MTX concentrations in the plasma, heart and kidneys as determined by high
      performance liquid chromatography. However, irradiation resulted in a significant
      increase of MTX (determined by 125I-radioimmunoassay) in brain tissue per gram
      wet weight (187.6 +/- 17.9 pmol/g vs 46.4 +/- 29.3 pmol/g in unirradiated brain).
      This change in permeability of the blood-brain barrier lasted for about 9 days.
      The MTX elimination from the irradiated brain was the same as that from the non
      irradiated brain. This indicates that only the MTX uptake and not the elimination
      by the brain was affected by the irradiation treatment.

PMID- 4018119
TI  - Distribution of IgM monoclonal antibody in mice with human tumour xenografts:
      lack of tumour localization.

PMID- 4018120
TI  - Analgesic effects of cyclazocine and morphine microinjected into the rat
      dorsomedial hypothalamus demonstrated by the bradykinin-induced flexor reflex
      test.
AB  - The analgesic effect of cyclazocine microinjected into the diencephalon of rats
      was studied by using the bradykinin-induced flexor reflex test. The dorsal
      portion of the medial hypothalamic area was sensitive to cyclazocine with respect
      to the production of analgesia (ED50 2.6 micrograms/rat). Microinjections of
      morphine into the same portion also produced a dose-dependent analgesic effect
      (ED50 2.5 micrograms/rat). As naloxone (0.9 mg/kg s.c.) antagonized both these
      analgesic effects, the findings suggest that the dorsal portion of the medial
      hypothalamic area of the rat is one of the primary target sites of analgesic
      drugs.

PMID- 4018121
TI  - Ca-dependent arrhythmogenic effects of maitotoxin, the most potent marine toxin
      known, on isolated rat cardiac muscle cells.
AB  - Maitotoxin (MTX) (0.1-10 ng/ml) caused an increase in the degree and the rate of
      contraction and subsequent arrhythmogenic actions in rat myocardial cells. These
      effects of MTX were inhibited by verapamil and were abolished by Ca2+-free
      medium. The MTX-induced effects on cardiac myocytes were enhanced by increasing
      the Ca2+ concentration. These results suggest that MTX elevates the permeability
      of cardiac muscle membrane to Ca2+ to increase the intracellular Ca2+
      concentration, and thus induces excitatory effects.

PMID- 4018122
TI  - Further studies on the effects of epimers of thromboxane A2 antagonists on
      platelets and veins.
AB  - The C-15 hydroxy epimers of three TXA2/PGH2 antagonists were resolved by HPLC and
      their pharmacology evaluated in canine saphenous veins and human platelets. For
      all three compounds, the epimers were equipotent in their ability to antagonize
      U46619 (1 microM) induced platelet aggregation. In contrast, one of the epimers
      for all three of the antagonists was significantly more potent than the other in
      antagonizing U46619 (10 nM) induced saphenous vein contractions. The data support
      the notion that the TXA2/PGH2 receptors in veins may be different from those in
      platelets.

PMID- 4018123
TI  - Angiotensin II enhances calcium exchanges in isolated rat aorta.
AB  - The effect of angiotensin II (AII) on calcium exchanges in isolated rat aorta was
      investigated using the 45Ca lanthanum technique. AII induced a rapid (10 s) and
      long-lasting (120 min) increase of calcium uptake and enhanced calcium release
      for a short period. AII-stimulated calcium uptake was antagonized by saralasin
      and verapamil but not by indomethacin. These data indicate that AII increases rat
      aortic calcium exchanges via receptor-operated and voltage-dependent calcium
      channels.

PMID- 4018124
TI  - Inhibition of protein carboxylmethylation and dopamine autoreceptor functioning.
AB  - S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH, 2-100 microM) greatly inhibited protein
      carboxymethylation (PCM) in rat striatal synaptosomes, but did not alter the
      ability of apomorphine and other DA agonists to inhibit DA synthesis. SAH (10
      microM) also did not significantly alter the ability of either 0.5 or 1.0 microM
      apomorphine to inhibit DA release from superfused rat striatal tissue slices, but
      it did antagonize the response to 5.0 microM apomorphine. The former two
      concentrations of apomorphine predominantly affected only DA release, whereas the
      latter concentration suppressed both DA and acetylcholine release. These findings
      are discussed with regard to the possible relationship between DA autoreceptor
      functioning and PCM activity.

PMID- 4018125
TI  - Some in vitro receptor binding properties of [3H]eticlopride, a novel substituted
      benzamide, selective for dopamine-D2 receptors in the rat brain.
AB  - The substituted benzamide compound eticlopride, (S)-(-)-5-chloro-3-ethyl-N-[(1
      ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) methyl]-6-methoxysalicylamide hydrochloride (FLB 131), has
      been shown to selectively block dopamine-D2 binding sites in the rat brain. The
      compound was tritium-labelled to high specific radioactivity and was used for in
      vitro receptor binding studies. [3H]Eticlopride was found to bind specifically to
      rat brain homogenates with the highest binding in the striatum and lowest in the
      hippocampus. The binding was saturable with a high number of binding sites (49.5
      pmol/g) and with very high affinity (0.17 nM). As with other benzamides, the
      binding of [3H]eticlopride was highly sodium-dependent. Lesioning of the striatal
      neurons with ibotenic acid reduced the binding by 50% while lesioning of the
      nigrostriatal pathways with 6-hydroxydopamine was without effect on the observed
      binding. The binding of [3H]eticlopride was inhibited potently by neuroleptic
      drugs, while compounds known not to interact with the dopamine-D2 binding sites
      were inactive. It is concluded that this new dopamine-D2 antagonist may be a
      useful tool for the study of dopamine-D2 binding sites due to its high affinity
      and good selectivity.

PMID- 4018126
TI  - Antinociceptive effects of orphenadrine citrate in mice.
AB  - The antinociceptive effect of orphenadrine citrate, a muscle relaxant, was
      investigated in mice. Four different pain tests were selected to involve
      different noxious stimuli. Clear antinociceptive effects were found in the
      formalin test. The increasing temperature hot-plate test showed a biphasic dose
      response relationship with slight hyperalgesia after low doses and hypoalgesia
      after higher doses. No significant effects of orphenadrine (0-25 mg/kg) were
      found in the tail flick and constant temperature hot-plate tests. The data
      suggest that orphenadrine may reduce, enhance or leave unaffected different types
      of nociceptive transmission. Orphenadrine may also possess analgesic properties
      in conditions not involving muscle spasm.

PMID- 4018127
TI  - Effects of pincainide on contractile responses and 45Ca movements in rat isolated
      vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - The effects of pincainide, a new beta-amino anilide, on contractile responses and
      45Ca fluxes were studied in rat aorta and on spontaneous mechanical activity in
      rat portal veins. Pincainide (10(-5) to 10(-2) M) produced a dose-dependent
      inhibition of noradrenaline (NA) and high K+ -induced contractions. These
      inhibitory effects were observed with pincainide added either before or after the
      induced contractions. The Ca2+ -induced contractions of K+ -depolarized aorta as
      well as the spontaneous mechanical activity of portal veins were also inhibited
      by pincainide. Pincainide (5 X 10(-3) M) inhibited the 45Ca influx stimulated by
      10(-6) M NA and increased 45Ca efflux. It was concluded that in isolated rat
      aorta, pincainide not only inhibited the influx of Ca2+ reducing the contractile
      responses to NA and high K+ but it also inhibited other effects related to NA
      induced release of intracellular Ca2+ stores.

PMID- 4018128
TI  - Binding characteristics of the bungarotoxin fraction II-S1 to rat brain
      membranes.
AB  - Bungarotoxin fraction II-S1 (designated BGT II-S1), isolated from the venom of
      Bungarus multicinctus, appears to affect nicotinic transmission in rat
      sympathetic ganglia through its phospholipase activity. On the other hand, the
      present investigation suggests that other modes of interaction of this toxin with
      nervous tissue may also exist as, in a rat brain membrane preparation, binding of
      this toxin to a specific binding site can be demonstrated. In a buffer containing
      calcium, binding of [125I]BGT II-S1 saturated with a Bmax of approximately 16
      fmol/mg protein and a Kd of 5 nM. This site did not appear to be directly linked
      to the nicotinic acetylcholine recognition site as the binding was not displaced
      by nicotinic agents; however, alpha-bungarotoxin, which interacts with a
      nicotinic-like site in neural tissue, did affect the binding and, conversely, BGT
      II-S1 inhibited the binding of [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin.

PMID- 4018129
TI  - Histamine-mediated acetylcholine release in the guinea-pig ileum.
AB  - The isometric contraction induced by histamine in guinea-pig ileum longitudinal
      muscle was biphasic in Krebs ([Ca]: 3.36 mM) but monophasic in Tyrode solution
      ([Ca]: 1.80 mM). The late phase (histamine: 20-400 nM) was common to the two
      solutions but the early phase (histamine: 2-20 nM) was observed only in Krebs
      solution. This early phase could be blocked with atropine (0.01-0.2 microM),
      morphine (0.1, 1 microM), adenosine (5, 20 microM) and tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM)
      without affecting the late phase. Washout of morphine or adenosine was fast.
      Neostigmine (100 nM) greatly potentiated the effect of histamine (4 nM) in the
      early phase, the muscle undergoing almost maximum contraction but also reversible
      desensitization to doses of histamine less than or equal to 20 nM for as long as
      40 min after washout. Beyond this concentration, the preparation responded to
      increasing doses of histamine as observed in the late phase. It is concluded that
      low concentrations of histamine that have no observable direct effect on muscle
      contractility release acetylcholine in the presence of [Ca] 3.36 mM, the early
      phase being entirely due to release of endogenous acetylcholine.

PMID- 4018130
TI  - Effect of some anti-inflammatory drugs on FMLP-induced chemotaxis and random
      migration of rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - The effect of indomethacin, acetyl salicylic acid and niflumic acid on the
      chemotaxis and random migration of rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) was
      investigated with a modified Boyden chamber technique under various experimental
      conditions (two cell sources, administration of drugs in vivo or incubation in
      vitro, modulation of antichemotactic activity of sera obtained from animals with
      inflammatory reactions). Indomethacin and niflumic acid inhibited the chemotactic
      responsiveness of cells collected from the rat pleural cavity after induction of
      two types of acute inflammatory reactions. This action was dose-dependent and
      appeared after either in vivo administration of the drug or in vitro incubation
      of the cells with various concentrations of the drug. However, random migration
      was not significantly modified and acetyl salicylic acid had no effect under any
      of the conditions. The same drugs, acetyl salicylic excepted, inhibited the
      antichemotactic activity exhibited by sera obtained from animals with
      inflammatory reactions.

PMID- 4018131
TI  - Novel opioid peptides derived from mitochondrial cytochrome b: cytochrophins.

PMID- 4018133
TI  - Separation of tolerance to the behavioral effects of LSD from changes in
      serotonin receptor binding in cats.
AB  - Nearly complete tolerance to a test dose of 50 micrograms/kg of LSD occurred
      within 24 h following an initial dose of 50 micrograms/kg of the drug, using limb
      flicking and abortive grooming as as behavioral indices in the cat. No changes in
      serotonin receptor binding were observed at this time. However, chronic
      administration of LSD (50 micrograms/kg every 12 h for 6 days) produced a
      significant decrease in serotonin receptor binding in both the forebrain and
      brainstem plus spinal cord. These data suggest that the behavioral effects of LSD
      and tolerance to LSD as measured here are mediated predominantly by different
      sites.

PMID- 4018132
TI  - Pharmacological analysis of 5-hydroxytryptamine actions on guinea-pig ileal
      mucosa.
AB  - The possibility that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is involved in the chloride
      secretory response evoked by electrical stimulation of submucosal neurons was
      investigated in guinea-pig ileum set up in Ussing flux chambers. When electrical
      stimulus pulses of 0.5 ms duration, amplitude of 3.2 mA and frequency of 10 Hz
      were applied repetitively in the plane of the tissue, a biphasic increase in
      short-circuit current (Isc) occurred. After tachyphylaxis to 5-HT or when the 5
      HT antagonist cisapride was present in the bathing solutions, electrical
      stimulation of enteric nerves still evoked a biphasic change in Isc that was
      similar in magnitude to the response before either treatment. Cisapride (5
      microM) prevented the mucosal response to exogenous 5-HT without altering the
      functional integrity of the tissues. Addition of 100 microM 5-HT to the
      submucosal side of the tissue evoked a biphasic increase in Isc that reflected
      primarily chloride secretion. Tetrodotoxin and atropine significantly reduced but
      did not abolish the change in Isc and chloride secretion. These results suggest
      that the mucosal response evoked by electrical field stimulation is not mediated
      by release of 5-HT at neuro-enterocyte junctions or from endocrine elements. 5
      Hydroxytryptamine activated enteric cholinergic neurons within the submucosal
      plexus to stimulate chloride secretion.

PMID- 4018134
TI  - Effect of local GABA administration on rat ovarian blood flow, and on
      progesterone and estradiol secretion.
AB  - The effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)--superfused onto the surface of the
      ovary--on ovarian blood flow and on estradiol-17-beta (E2) and progesterone (P)
      secretion was studied in anaesthesized, pseudopregnant rats. GABA, 0.5 mumol per
      50 microliter per animal, significantly reduced the blood pressure in the femoral
      artery, increased ovarian blood flow, enhanced the rate of E2 release and
      markedly decreased P secretion. The present findings indicate that local
      GABAergic mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of ovarian blood flow and
      hormone secretion.

PMID- 4018135
TI  - Insurmountable antagonism of ouabain-induced coronary constriction by prazosin.
AB  - A linear dose-response curve was produced by the addition of ouabain (10(-8)-10(
      6) M) to the media bathing segments of porcine right coronary arteries. A
      concentration of 10(-6) M ouabain produced constriction equal to 47% of that
      resulting from exposure to 35 mM KCl. The ouabain dose-response curve was
      competitively displaced one order of magnitude by the previous addition of
      verapamil (2.2 X 10(-8) M), and non-competitively by the prior exposure to
      prazosin (6.5 X 10(-7)-6.5 X 10(-13) M). The inhibitory effect of prazosin
      appears to be unrelated to its alpha 1-adrenergic blocking action.

PMID- 4018136
TI  - Prolactin analgesia: tolerance and cross-tolerance with morphine.
AB  - The development of acute tolerance to prolactin-induced analgesia in mice was
      identified by using the writhing test. This tolerance was antagonised by
      naltrexone pretreatment indicating a role of an opioid mechanism. Cross-tolerance
      between morphine and prolactin was observed with regard to analgesia. These data
      show that prolactin mimics morphine properties as far as analgesia is concerned
      and serve as evidence supporting prolactin-opioid interaction.

PMID- 4018137
TI  - The role of dopamine in the formation of gastric ulcers in rats.
AB  - A single dose of the dopamine agonists L-dopa, bromocriptine or apomorphine
      produced a protective effect by significantly shortening of the length of stomach
      ulcerations. A single dose of the dopamine antagonists haloperidol, sulpiride or
      domperidone potentiated the ulcerogenic effect by extending the length of stomach
      ulcerations. These results point to the fact that dopamine is involved in the
      rise and development of experimental stomach ulcers.

PMID- 4018138
TI  - Electrophysiological actions of flecainide in normal and infarcted canine
      Purkinje fibers.
AB  - The electrophysiological effects of flecainide, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l, on action
      potential characteristics were examined in normal Purkinje fibers and Purkinje
      fibers surviving infarction, at stimulation cycle lengths of 1000 and 300 ms.
      Overshoot, amplitude and dV/dtmax were reduced significantly in a dose-dependent
      manner by flecainide in both normal Purkinje fibers and Purkinje fibers surviving
      infarction. Action potential duration was shortened by flecainide to a greater
      extent: at the cycle length of 1000 ms compared to 300 ms; at 50% repolarization
      compared to 90%; and in normal preparations compared to infarcted preparations.
      Activation time was increased by flecainide in a dose-dependent manner in both
      types of preparations. This effect was enhanced at the shorter cycle length. In
      both normal and infarcted preparations, flecainide shortened the ERP of those
      having a longer initial ERP and lengthened those with a shorter ERP. This effect
      was significant only at the stimulation cycle length of 1000 ms. This study
      indicates that flecainide has properties unique and different from traditional
      antiarrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 4018139
TI  - Kinetic and pharmacological profiles of the in vitro binding of the potent
      dopamine agonist [3H]N,N-dipropyl-5,6-dihydroxy-2-aminotetralin to rat striatal
      membranes.
AB  - The in vitro binding of the new tritiated dopaminergic ligand [3H]N,N-dipropyl
      5,6-dihydroxy-2-aminotetralin to rat striatal membranes is described. Binding
      assays were performed in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 containing 1 mM EDTA and 0.01%
      ascorbic acid at 25 degrees C for 30 min. Specific binding at 0.5 nM [3H]DP-5,6
      ADTN and 5 mg/ml membrane suspension was very high (87-93%) and was found to be
      linearly related with homogenate concentration over the range of 0.5-10 mg/ml (r
      = 0.9968). (+)Butaclamol 1 microM was used to define specific binding. Specific
      binding disappeared completely within 20 min when the tissue was incubated at 55
      degrees C. Association and dissociation curves (obtained after addition of 1
      microM (-)-DP-5,6-ADTN) were converted to linear logarithmic plots and the
      kinetic constants were computed (k1 = 0.054 min-1 and k-1 = 0.0188 min-1) as were
      the t1/2 for association (3.52 min) and dissociation (20.8 min). This resulted in
      an apparent KD of 0.34 nM. Increasing concentrations of [3H]DP-5,6-ADTN (0.05-3.0
      nM) were found to saturate the receptor site. Linear transformation of the
      saturation curves and presentation of the curves as Eadie-Hofstee plots showed
      that only one set of receptors was labeled (nHill was 0.995 +/- 0.07) with a high
      affinity constant KD of 0.57 +/- 0.10 nM and a maximum number of binding sites
      Bmax of 18.6 +/- 2.4 pmol/g tissue. Various compounds were tested for their
      potency to displace the specific binding of [3H]DP-5,6-ADTN to striatal membranes
      (2.5 mg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018140
TI  - The effects of lidoflazine and flunarizine on cerebral reactive hyperemia.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow in the rat was monitored by a venous outflow technique with
      an extracorporeal circulation, which allows for the continuous recording of flow
      over periods of several hours. The bi-fluorophenyl-piperazine derivatives,
      lidoflazine and flunarizine, enhanced the reactive hyperemia elicited by a brief
      (30 s) anoxic challenge. They did not alter resting cerebral blood flow rates.
      Verapamil, a potent calcium slow channel blocker, decreased resting flow rates
      but did not alter the duration of the reactive hyperemia. As lidoflazine and
      flunarizine are potent inhibitors of adenosine uptake, whereas verapamil is not,
      the results are consistent with the hypothesis that adenosine plays a significant
      role in cerebral vascular autoregulation.

PMID- 4018141
TI  - Pregnancy: increased effect of verapamil in human uterine arteries.
AB  - The effect of verapamil on the contractile response to norepinephrine in
      isolated, suffused uterine arteries from pregnant and nonpregnant humans was
      investigated. The arteries, obtained after hysterectomy, were dissected free from
      surrounding tissue and arterial rings were prepared and mounted in tissue
      chambers filled with Krebs-bicarbonate solution. Isometric tension was recorded.
      There was no significant difference between arteries from pregnant patients and
      arteries from nonpregnant patients when maximal contractile response and
      sensitivity to norepinephrine were compared. At concentrations of 0.3 and 3
      microM, verapamil attenuated the response to norepinephrine in uterine arteries
      from both pregnant and nonpregnant patients. However, verapamil was significantly
      more potent in blocking the response to norepinephrine in arteries from pregnant
      patients.

PMID- 4018142
TI  - The antagonism of acetylcholine excitatory and inhibitory responses of Helix
      central neurones, by some neuromuscular blocking drugs.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from identified central neurones of the snail
      Helix aspersa. The antagonism of acetylcholine excitatory and inhibitory
      responses by d-tubocurarine, HS818 and HS626 was investigated. d-Tubocurarine was
      equipotent against both the inhibitory and excitatory responses, while HS626 and
      HS818 were of similar potency to d-tubocurarine in antagonising acetylcholine
      excitation but were approximately one order of magnitude less potent in
      antagonising the inhibitory response.

PMID- 4018143
TI  - Use-dependent effects of amiodarone on Vmax in cardiac Purkinje and ventricular
      muscle fibers.
AB  - Superfusion with 5 micrograms/ml amiodarone for 3-4 h induced use-dependent Vmax
      block in dog Purkinje and guinea pig ventricular muscle fibers. The recovery from
      block was exponential with tau of 289 +/- 30 ms in Purkinje (n = 7) and 282 +/-
      47 ms in muscle (n = 6) fibers. The onset of frequency-dependent Vmax block was
      rapid, i.e. reached steady state after 4.2 +/- 0.5 beats (n = 5). The combination
      of rapid interaction with sodium channel and the reported action potential
      lengthening make amiodarone unique among Class I antiarrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 4018144
TI  - Influences of gender and maturation on responses of guinea-pig airway tissues to
      LTD4.
AB  - LTD4 was more potent in airway tissues from immature male and female guinea-pigs
      than in those from mature animals. The intrinsic activity of LTD4 relative to
      carbachol was greatest in tracheal tissues from immature animals. Indomethacin
      treatment reduced the potency of LTD4 and increased maximal contractile responses
      in most tissues. The reduced potency of LTD4 as a consequence of maturation may
      be significant for the decrease in airway reactivity seen in children at
      adolescence.

PMID- 4018145
TI  - The effect of isoprenaline on the ciliary activity of an in vitro preparation of
      rat trachea.
AB  - A dose dependent increase in the ciliary beat frequency of rat tracheal explants
      was found over a 10(-7)-10(-3) M concentration range of (+/-)-isoprenaline and
      was abolished by 10(-7) M propranolol. Furthermore (+)-isoprenaline, a drug which
      is much less potent in its action on beta-adrenoceptors than its (-)-isomer,
      failed to cause a stimulation. We conclude that the acceleration in the intrinsic
      ciliary beat frequency by (-)-isoprenaline, although occurring at a relatively
      high concentration compared with the action of the drug on other tissues, is
      mediated by beta-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 4018146
TI  - Clinical and pathogenic studies on aged polyuria in the IVCS strain of mouse.
AB  - As aged polyuria is often observed in the IVCS strain of mouse, biochemical and
      histological studies were undertaken in order to clarify its etiology. Polyuria
      was observed at 7-8 months of age, and significant increases in water intake and
      urine volume were noted at 10-11 months of age. IVCS strain mice over one year
      old showed water intakes and urine volumes about five to six times greater than
      those in DDI strain mice. The osmolarity of urine excreted from polyuric mice was
      low compared with DDI strain mice, and elevations of sodium and potassium
      excretion were observed at an early stage of polyuria. At a more advanced stage
      of the disease, proteins of low molecular weight were excreted in most animals.
      Furthermore, depression of kidney response to ADH was recognized soon after onset
      of polyuria compared with normal IVCS strain mice. Thus, polyuria observed in
      IVCS strain mice may result from a functional defect of the renal tubules. In
      addition, significant deposition of amorphous substances, especially in the
      liver, kidney and spleen, occurred almost in parallel with polyuria. From these
      findings, it is obvious that mice of the IVCS strain exhibit characteristic
      polyuria and storage disease as they age.

PMID- 4018147
TI  - [Abnormal findings in the ocular fundi of colony-born cynomolgus monkeys].
AB  - The ocular fundi of 1,151 apparently healthy colony-born cynomolgus monkeys
      (Macaca fascicularis) ranging in age from newborn to 19 years were examined using
      an ophthalmoscope. Two hundred and thirty-eight abnormal findings were recorded
      in 219 of the 1,151 monkeys. Of these, 23 were related to the optic disc and 115
      to the retinal vessels. Of the remaining 100 abnormal findings, 91 were retinal
      degenerations and 9 were retinal hemorrhages. The 23 optic disc abnormalities
      consisted of 3 cases of micropapilla, 4 of ectasia and 16 of myelination of the
      retinal nerve fibers. Of the 115 retinal vascular abnormalities, 87 were arterial
      tortuosity, one was venous tortuosity, 2 were tortuosity of both artery and vein,
      2 were artery-vein crossing, 20 were copper-wire artery, one was inosculation of
      the artery, one was vascularization of the vein and one was persistent hyaloid
      artery. Of the 91 retinal degenerations, one was degeneration of the periphery of
      the macular and the optic disc, 8 were macular degeneration and 82 were
      peripheral degeneration. Nine cases of retinal hemorrhages appeared under 6 years
      of age.

PMID- 4018148
TI  - [An outbreak of staphylococcal dermatitis in laboratory mice].
AB  - An epizootic of dermatitis with erosion, ulcer and crust broke out in an
      experimental colony of JCL-ICR mouse over a period from December 1975 to June
      1976. The disease was detected in 592 of a total of 1831 mice of 3-24 months old,
      especially in males of 7-24 months old (517/821). At the beginning of December
      1975, only a few males of 12 months old were found to have the lesion on the back
      skin, and thereafter the dermatitis prevailed gradually among the mice.
      Histopathologic examinations showed the loss of the epidermis, necrosis and/or
      collapse of the corium, accumulation of serous exudate with neutrophilic cell
      infiltration and a few cocci scattered on the surface. In chronic cases, fibrous
      granulation tissues with neutrophilic cell infiltration were formed in the
      corium. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in pure culture from the skin lesions
      in all of the mice examined. Skin disease similar to that of the field case was
      reproduced in mice inoculated subcutaneously with 10(7) viable organisms of the
      fresh isolate. By giving chlortetracycline in drinking water for 7 days,
      treatment of the affected mice was efficacious in mild cases, but not in severe
      cases.

PMID- 4018149
TI  - [Measurement of serum prolactin and the effect of ketamine anesthesia on serum
      prolactin levels in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)].
AB  - The effect of an anesthetic, ketamine, on the serum prolactin level was examined
      in wild-originating female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) imported from
      South East Asia. Serum prolactin levels were measured by the homologous
      radioimmunoassay system which was developed for human prolactin. The validity was
      confirmed by using an extract of pituitary gland from a female cynomolgus monkey
      as well as serum and amniotic fluid from a pregnant monkey. Additionally, serum
      luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined by the radioreceptor assay system
      developed in our laboratory using Leydig cells collected from rat's testes as a
      receptor fraction. The experiment was repeated three times at one-month interval,
      using twenty animals that were divided into three groups consisting of 5, 7 and 8
      monkeys each. In the first experiment, the first group was injected with
      physiological saline and the second and third groups were intramuscularly given
      ketamine at a dose level of 5 mg/kg B.W. and 15 mg/kg B.W., respectively. In the
      second experiment, the first and second groups were given ketamine at a dose of 5
      mg/kg B.W. and of 15 mg/kg B.W., respectively, and the third group was served as
      control injected with saline. In the third experiment, the first and third groups
      were administered with 15 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of ketamine and the second group was
      injected with saline. In short, all of the twenty monkeys received the three
      different treatments for two months. The serum prolactin level showed a marked
      increase after the administration of ketamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018150
TI  - [A method for developing hereditary deficiency of complement component in the
      rabbit].
AB  - A two-way selective experiment for total hemolytic complement activity (CH50) was
      carried out in a colony of New Zealand White rabbits for the purpose of
      developing hereditary deficiency of complement component and estimating the
      realized heritability (h2) of CH50. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The
      mean value of CH50 with a standard error (SE) in 203 adults rabbits was 9.0 +/-
      0.2 U/ml, and the range of CH50 was 2 to 18 U/ml. 2) Individual differences of
      CH50 in rabbits were comparatively stable regardless of time and season. 3) The
      realized heritability (h2) of CH50 was estimated to approximately 0.3. 4) Two
      rabbits with a hereditary C8 alpha-gamma deficiency were obtained from a cross
      between low CH50 individuals (male: 5.9 U/ml X female: 5.6 U/ml). From other
      crosses (male: 3.2 U/ml X female: 5.6, 5.7 U/ml), five rabbits with a hereditary
      C6 deficiency were obtained. 5) The frequencies of C8 alpha-gamma and C6
      deficient genes in the colony were estimated to at least 0.005, 0.003,
      respectively. 6) It was suggested that a downward selection for CH50 was a useful
      method for developing hereditary deficiency of complement component in the
      rabbit.

PMID- 4018151
TI  - Rats with congenital tremor and curled whiskers and hair.
AB  - In a colony of Kyo: Wistar strain of rats, we found animals with curled whiskers
      and hair. These rats exhibited tremor when they moved. There were no sex
      differences in phenotype and behavior, and the affected animals of both sexes
      were sterile. Among pairs that produced at least one tremulous offspring, 21.8%
      of the females and 21.7% of the males were affected; these proportions suggest
      that the anomaly is caused by an autosomal recessive gene. When the presumed
      heterozygous males were crossed with WAG/Rij females, about half of their female
      F1 hybrids were heterozygous, and they produced 26.1% (43/165) of the affected
      offspring when backcrossed to the sires. Again these results suggested that the
      disorder is caused by an autosomal recessive gene. We tentatively designated the
      gene as tremor (tm). The main pathological changes were seen in the gonad and
      central nervous system. The gonads of both sexes were aplastic even in adult
      animals. Vacuole formation was seen widely in the central nervous system and
      sometimes exhibited a spongy appearance. After administration of alpha-methyl-p
      tyrosine, the norepinephrine content of the cerebellum was high, indicating that
      some anomalies of catecholamine release were present. The mutation is being
      maintained by random mating of the littermates of affected animals. Detailed
      pathological, endocrinological, neuropharmacological, and genetical studies are
      proceeding.

PMID- 4018152
TI  - [Morphological study on the hypoplastic testis with aplasia of the epididymis,
      ductus deferens, and gland of the ductus deferens in the TW inbred rat].
AB  - In the TW inbred rat, about 50% of the males show bilateral or unilateral
      testicular hypoplasia with aplasia of the ipsilateral epididymis, ductus deferens
      and gland of the ductus deferens. To investigate the pathogenesis of the
      testicular abnormality in the TW rats, the weight and morphology of the testes on
      the aplastic and normal side were studied between one week and one year of age.
      The weight of the testes on the affected side was greater than those on the
      normal side at four and five weeks. However, it rose to a plateau at six weeks
      and then remained at about one half to one third the weight of a normal testis.
      As for the testicular histology, there were no obvious changes from one day to
      three weeks of age. The diameter of the seminiferous tubules became larger and
      the number of germ cells decreased at four and five weeks. At six weeks,
      degeneration and loss of germ cells were observed and many multinucleated giant
      cells appeared. Thereafter, the loss of germ cells became more severe, and they
      eventually disappeared with increasing age, but Sertoli's cells continued to
      exist. In the interstitial area, edematous changes and proliferation of Leydig's
      cells were observed. The efferent duct of another strain, with normal testes, was
      ligated at three weeks of age, and changes of the testis after the operation were
      examined to investigate whether or not these anomalies of the TW strain were due
      to the absence of the accessories, which may block the excretion of the
      testicular fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018153
TI  - [Occurrence of sick animals in conventional guinea pigs obtained from commercial
      breeders during 1964 to 1982].
AB  - A quarantine was performed on conventional Hartley guinea pigs free from
      Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Salmonella spp., but
      infected with Eimeria caviae, which were purchased from twenty-five commercial
      breeders by the National Institute of Health. Physical examinations revealed an
      incidence of 0.88 per cent or 1,461 sick animals in 166, 050 guinea pigs
      quarantined during the period 1964 to 1982. The result obtained showed the
      following significant differences between the periods 1964 to 1971 and 1972 to
      1982: Annual incidence of sick animals in the period 1972 to 1982 increased twice
      as many as 0.56 to 0.81 per cent during the 1964 to 1971, and monthly incidence
      showed bimodal occurrence at April and October in the former period but continual
      occurrence from November to April in the latter period. Major clinical signs in
      the former period were death and diarrhea, which occurred usually within a week
      after arrival of the guinea pigs at our institute and caused significant decrease
      of body weight, but those in the latter period were retarded growth and weakness
      which became detectable during 1-3 weeks after arrival of the animals.
      Discussions were made on possible reasons concerning the differences in incidence
      of sick animals during the two periods.

PMID- 4018154
TI  - [Three successful cases of artificial insemination in chimpanzees].
AB  - Artificial inseminations were performed on two female chimpanzees from July 1981
      to April 1983 and three conceptions were obtained. Semen samples collected by
      rectal probe method of electroejaculation were incubated at 37 degrees C for
      about 20 minutes for liquefaction. Liquefied portion of the semen was sucked up
      into polyethylene tube about 30 cm in length attached to a syringe and was
      inseminated into cervix of each female of which pelvic region was raised in prone
      position under anesthesia. Ovulation time was speculated by swelling of sex skin
      in earlier two cases and by urinary LH level in last case. Three offsprings were
      obtained 234, 235 and 235 days after last insemination, respectively. All of
      three show normal developments.

PMID- 4018155
TI  - Spontaneous teratoma in a Sprague-Dawley rat.
AB  - An 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rat which had undergone no experimental
      treatment died from enlargement of the abdomen. At necropsy, a spherical mass
      measuring about 3 X 4cm in diameter was connected to the retroperitoneal region
      cross to the middorsal line of the body. The tumor was composed of skin,
      ganglion, striated and smooth muscle, cartilage, bone, pancreas, glands, lymph
      node, and fibrous and adipose tissue, and diagnosed as teratoma.

PMID- 4018157
TI  - [Symposium: Advances in research on infectious diseases of laboratory animals].

PMID- 4018156
TI  - [Net protein utilization of stock diets for rats and mice].
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats of six weeks of age were fed on ten percent crude
      protein diets for a ten day experimental period. The net protein utilization
      (NPU) by carcass analysis of six kinds of revised stock diets for rats and mice
      was compared with that of purified whole-egg protein and milk casein. NPU values
      for all revised stock diets and milk casein were lower than those for purified
      whole-egg protein. Compared to milk casein, two kinds of revised stock diets
      showed lower NPU, but the remaining four diets had similar NPU.

PMID- 4018159
TI  - Distribution of 125I-thyroxine in different organs and tissues of dietically
      obese rats.
AB  - The distribution of 125I-thyroxine (% dose/g tissue; tissue/plasma radioactivity
      ratio) was investigated in different tissues of 28-week-old obese Wistar rats.
      Obesity was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and confirmed by carcass analysis; in
      heavy obese animals the relative and absolute fat content is increased twofold
      and threefold, respectively, compared to control rats fed on a low-fat diet
      (LFD). Heavy HFD rats exhibit diminished 125I-T4 distribution in the "slow pool"
      (fat tissue, muscle) and unchanged values in the "fast pool" (liver, kidney) in
      comparison with LFD rats with low body weight. The differences in distribution
      presented here are not caused by the diet per se, but they are the consequence of
      the obesity of the animal, because no differences in the 125I-T4 distribution
      were found in the 125I-T4 between HFD and LFD rats with relatively equal body
      weight and body composition. The reduced T4 distribution in the fat tissue of
      obese rats is discussed in connection with possibly decreased lipolysis in this
      tissue and possible causal participation in the beginning of obesity.

PMID- 4018158
TI  - Prevention by vitamin A of the occurrence of permanent vaginal and uterine
      changes in ovariectomized adult mice treated neonatally with diethylstibestrol
      and its nullification in the presence of ovaries.
AB  - Permanent proliferation and cornification of the vaginal epithelium occurred in
      adult ovariectomized (OVX) mice which had received neonatal injections of 5
      micrograms diethylstilbestrol (DES). Occurrence of the permanent epithelial
      proliferation was prevented by injections of 200 IU vitamin A acetate (VA) given
      simultaneously with neonatal DES-treatment in mice when OVX at 30 days of age,
      but not in those OVX at 270 days. For the suppression of the permanent vaginal
      changes, however, more than one month were required after DES plus VA-treatment.
      In DES plus VA-treated OVX (at 30 days) mice, the vaginal epithelium indicated a
      lower mitotic rate than in DES-treated OVX mice. Clear cells were found in the
      degenerating vaginal epithelium in 63% of DES plus VA-treated OVX mice, while in
      the proliferated epithelium, this type of cells appeared only in 10% of DES
      treated OVX mice. In 40% of 180-day-old, DES-treated OVX (at 30 days) mice,
      permanent stratification took place in the uterine epithelium, while it was
      inhibited in the age-matched DES plus VA-treated OVX mice. However, the uterine
      change was not prevented in 310-day-old, DES plus VA-treated mice when OVX at 270
      days. This findings suggests that the relatively long-term presence of ovaries
      nullifys the inhibitory effect by VA on the occurrence of permanent changes in
      the utero-vaginal epithelium induced by neonatal DES treatment.

PMID- 4018160
TI  - Simple diagnosis of diabetes insipidus and antidiuretic hormone excess.
AB  - The value of information that may be obtained by measuring osmolality of body
      fluids is not generally appreciated by clinicians. Osmolality determination by
      freezing point depression is technically simple to perform and requires only 0.2
      ml fluid. The simultaneous measurement of plasma and urine osmolality may yield
      useful information concerning alterations in water homeostasis (diabetes
      insipidus and antidiuretic hormone excess) and avoid uncomfortable and sometimes
      hazardous investigations of patients.

PMID- 4018161
TI  - Inhibitory effect of 17-beta-estradiol on the activity of liver alanine
      aminotransferase in adult female rats.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of daily s.c. administration of cca 50 micrograms kg-1 17
      beta-estradiol on liver alanine aminotransferase activity of adult female rats,
      the absence of this effect after bilateral adrenalectomy and its reappearance
      after gluccorticoid substitution is described.

PMID- 4018162
TI  - Plasma oxytocin concentrations in man after different routes of administration of
      synthetic oxytocin.
AB  - Plasma oxytocin was determined by RIA in three male subjects under basal
      conditions and following administration of synthetic oxytocin. As compared to
      basal levels (below 10 pg/ml), plasma oxytocin was found to be elevated markedly
      (36 to 85 pg/ml) in response to application by nasal spray (total dose: 65 to 100
      micrograms). Intramuscular injection (25 micrograms) resulted in very high
      oxytocin levels (360 to 480 pg/ml), whereas buccal administration (70 micrograms)
      was proved to be ineffective (levels below 10 pg/ml plasma). In each case, plasma
      vasopressin remained unchanged.

PMID- 4018163
TI  - Effect of beta-casomorphin and its analogue on serum prolactin in the rat.
AB  - The effects of exogenous opioid peptides beta-casomorphin Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro
      Ile and its analogue Tyr-Pro-Gly-Pro-Phe-Pro-Ile (analogue I) were found to
      increase prolactin level in plasma after intraperitoneal injection. Analogue I
      was more potent. This effect of beta-casomorphin and analogue I were blocked by
      an opioid antagonist, naloxone. These results indicate that the exogenous opioid
      peptides (exorphins) may participate in the regulation of prolactin secretion.
      The similarity of analogue I with enkephalin structure was discussed.

PMID- 4018164
TI  - Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide by the rabbit iris-ciliary body.
AB  - When the intact rabbit iris-ciliary body was incubated in Tyrode's solution
      containing 10(-4) M hydrogen peroxide, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide
      remaining in solution diminished rapidly. The iris-ciliary body was homogenized
      and centrifuged at 100 000 g. It was observed that the hydrogen peroxide
      detoxification activity was resident primarily in the 100 000 g supernatant and
      not in the pellet. The hydrogen peroxide detoxification activity was found to be
      inactivated by heat and to be non-dialyzable. Gel filtration chromatography
      experiments revealed that breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by the ciliary body was
      not a 'bulk effect' due to generalized oxidation of tissue constituents. In fact,
      the active principle, localized by gel filtration chromatography, identified
      closely with catalase. These observations indicate that catalase within the iris
      ciliary body enables the tissue to detoxify hydrogen peroxide from solution.
      Catalase might protect the iris-ciliary body from damage by hydrogen peroxide
      generated by normal physiological or pathophysiological conditions.

PMID- 4018165
TI  - Calcium-induced lens protein aggregation accelerated by reactive oxygen species
      photosensitized in the presence of hydroxykynurenines.
AB  - Photo-oxidation with 3-OH L-kynurenine O-beta-glucoside or 3-OH L-kynurenine
      accelerates the aggregation of water-soluble protein in the rat lens due to the
      presence of calcium ion. The present report demonstrates that hydrogen peroxide
      and superoxide anion mediate a large part of the photodynamic acceleration with
      hydroxykynurenine compounds. In addition, 3-OH L-kynurenine O-beta-glucoside
      seems to photosensitize more of the two reactive oxygen species than 3-OH L
      kynurenine. The findings are discussed together with other photodynamic effects
      of hydroxykynurenine compounds.

PMID- 4018166
TI  - Tyrosine-to-tryptophan energy transfer and the structure of calf gamma-II
      crystallin.
AB  - The efficiency of electronic energy transfer from tyrosine to tryptophan residues
      in the lens protein calf gamma II crystallin has been determined from
      measurements of fluorescence excitation spectra at 25 degrees C and independently
      from phosphorescence spectroscopy at 77 K. The total transfer efficiency from the
      fifteen tyrosines to the four tryptophans in native calf gamma II was found to be
      t = 78 +/- 10%, at 25 degrees C. The expected value based on Forster theory and
      the X-ray structure of the protein is t = 83%, in good agreement with the present
      experimental result. The transfer efficiency measured in denatured calf gamma II
      at 25 degrees C was t = 20 +/- 10%, in good agreement with the value t = 25%
      expected for the completely denatured protein, based on Forster theory and the
      known amino acid sequence. These results are of interest for several reasons.
      First, energy transfer can provide a simple , experimental confirmation of lens
      protein structures determined from X-ray data or from computer modeling studies.
      Second, the present studies show that energy transfer measurements can be used to
      monitor the effect of denaturants on lens protein structure, an aspect not
      readily investigated by X-ray crystallography. Third, the present electronic
      energy transfer studies may be relevant to understanding the mechanism of UV
      photodamage in lens proteins and hence in whole lenses.

PMID- 4018167
TI  - Detoxification of H2O2 by cultured rabbit lens epithelial cells: participation of
      the glutathione redox cycle.
AB  - Although it has been shown that cultured rabbit lenses can adequately defend
      against the 0.03-0.05 mM level of H2O2 normally found in aqueous humor, the
      contribution of the epithelium in this process has not been well defined. In the
      present study, the peroxide-detoxifying ability of the epithelium is evaluated in
      cultured rabbit lens cells established from 4-6-day-old rabbits and compared to
      that of skin fibroblasts from rabbits of the same age. When cells were cultured
      in medium containing H2O2, the concentration of peroxide rapidly decreased;
      however, various concentrations could be maintained for 3-hr periods by using
      glucose oxidase to enzymically generate H2O2. At an extracellular level of 0.03
      mM H2O2, the rate of detoxification of peroxide by epithelial cells was 2 mumol
      H2O2 (8 x 10(5) cells)-1 3 hr-1, twice as fast as that for fibroblasts.
      Epithelial cells contained a high level of reduced glutathione (GSH) equal to 36
      nmol (8 x 10(5) cells)-1, twice that present in the fibroblasts. The
      concentration of GSH in 8 x 10(5) epithelial cells, a number of cells normally
      present in one intact rabbit lens epithelium, remained constant during 3 hr of
      exposure to H2O2 levels as high as 0.03 mM, even though the amount of H2O2 taken
      up under these conditions was sufficient to oxidize completely the cellular GSH
      every 2 min. In contrast, the GSH content of fibroblasts declined at levels of
      peroxide above 0.01 mM. Participation of the glutathione redox cycle in the H2O2
      detoxification process was demonstrated from studies of hexose monophosphate
      shunt (HMPS) activity as measured by oxidation of [1-14C]-labeled glucose. The
      oxidation of [1-14C]-glucose in epithelial cells was stimulated 13 times that of
      controls during exposure to 0.04-0.05 mM H2O2, while the corresponding increase
      in oxidation of [6-14C]-labeled glucose was only 1.6 times. In contrast, maximum
      shunt activity in fibroblasts occurred at 0.03-0.04 mM H2O2 and was six times the
      control value. The growth potential of the cells following a 3-hr exposure to
      H2O2 was also used as a measure of oxidant toxicity in both cell types.
      Concentrations of H2O2 up to 0.03 mM had no effect on the growth of 8 x 10(5)
      epithelial cells but did diminish the growth of the same number of fibroblasts.
      Cell density was found to be an important parameter in the ability of the cells
      to tolerate H2O2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4018168
TI  - Glucocorticoid-lens protein adducts in experimentally induced steroid cataracts.
AB  - The injection of glucocorticoids into the vitreous chamber of the rabbit eye
      results in the development of posterior subcapsular opacities. These lesions
      appear to be similar in morphology to human steroid-induced cataracts. Electron
      microscopic analysis revealed fiber cell separation, vacuolization, and changes
      within the matrix of the crystallins. Opacification could only be produced by
      glucocorticoids possessing a reactive C-20,21 hydroxylcarbonyl function,
      supporting the hypothesis that glucocorticoid addition products are involved in
      the induction of these lesions. The occurrence of glucocorticoid-lens proteins
      adducts was confirmed by tritium incorporation and by radioimmunoassay of protein
      hydrolysates obtained from these lenses.

PMID- 4018169
TI  - Hereditary retinal degeneration in the Rhode Island Red chicken: ultrastructural
      analysis.
AB  - An electron microscopic analysis of photoreceptor degeneration in a congenitally
      blind strain of chickens is presented. The mutation was named rd, meaning
      'retinal degeneration'. Although the chicks were behaviorally and
      electrophysiologically blind at the time of hatching, their retinas appeared
      morphologically comparable to normal chicks at this stage. Both groups had well
      developed photoreceptor cells, although outer segments were typically disoriented
      or misaligned. In the normal, and to some degree in the rd, retina, outer
      segments became organized within the first week posthatching. In the rd retina at
      that time, however, more outer segments were disorganized and disoriented. Disc
      like membranes were also seen in some inner segments. Many photoreceptors had
      distended inner segment tips containing a granular cytoplasm. Membraneous debris
      was present in the subretinal space. Over the next 2-3 weeks there was a
      reduction in number of inner segments, outer segments and photoreceptor nuclei of
      both rods and cones. Photoreceptor cell bodies in the outer nuclear layer were
      replaced by Mueller cell processes. By the end of the second month, a larger
      cone:rod ratio was apparent, and a large proportion of the remaining cones were
      double cones. Intact outer segments were rarely seen at that time. Few and
      sporadic cone cells, identified by a pale-staining oil droplet, were the
      predominant surviving photoreceptors by 6 months of age. At the later stages
      examined, the pigment epithelium (PE) appeared to be undergoing degenerative
      changes. A general thinning of cells and hypopigmentation of PE cells was
      apparent, although hyperpigmented, hypertrophied PE cells were also present which
      bulged into the subretinal space. Pigmented cells of unknown origin were also
      noted in the subretinal space at the later time points.

PMID- 4018170
TI  - Minified diagnostic contact lenses for biomicroscopic examination and
      photocoagulation of the anterior and posterior segment in small primates.

PMID- 4018172
TI  - Gerontism: a neologism.

PMID- 4018171
TI  - Age-related differences in food intake, body weight, and survival of male F344
      rats in 5 degrees C cold.
AB  - Male F344 rats, 3, 12 and 21 months old, were acclimated at 5 degrees C for 7 to
      9 weeks. Controls were maintained at 23 degrees C. Food intakes and body weights
      were monitored weekly. All animals in these age groups survived. However, 25
      month-old rats placed in 5 degrees C for 3 weeks had only a 46% survival. All age
      groups responded to 5 degrees C exposure by different but always significant
      increases in food intake. Peak food intake was 100% above basal in the 3- and 21
      month-olds and 80% above the basal in the 12-month-olds. These increases were
      sufficient to maintain body weights in the 3- and 12-month-olds, but in the 3
      month-olds growth was retarded. The 100% increase of food intake in the 21-month
      olds was not adequate to maintain body weight. The 25-month-old rats also
      increased their food intake significantly in cold, but large weight loss incurred
      in both the survivors and the non-survivors. Food intake and energy efficiency
      were different at different ages and under different environmental conditions in
      male F344 rats.

PMID- 4018173
TI  - Aging of membrane transport mechanisms in the central nervous system--high
      affinity choline transport in rat cortical synaptosomes.
AB  - High affinity choline transport has been studied in cortical synaptosomes from
      rats ranging from 2 months to 30 months of age. Initial velocities were measured
      as a function of both choline and sodium concentration. These data give similar
      fits to a kinetic model which was previously found to give minimal best fit to
      data from 2-month-old animals. Thus, aging has apparently not altered the
      fundamental mechanism by which carrier, sodium, and choline interact in the
      process of uptake. Although some small differences in initial velocities were
      found between data from young and older animals, these differences showed no
      pattern and were not statistically significant. It is concluded that the choline
      transporter is unaffected by age, in contrast to the transporters for GABA and
      glutamic acid, whose transport capacities were found to decline with age.

PMID- 4018174
TI  - Evidence of Schwann cell degeneration in the aging mouse motor end-plate region.
AB  - An ultrastructural evaluation was made of the changes encountered in the motor
      endplates of the gastrocnemius muscle of old mice in comparison with young-adult
      mice. In old, 27-month-old mice, a great variety of changes were recorded. The
      main abnormalities occurred in the axon terminals, the myoneural junctional
      folds, and the endomysial space. Loss of synaptic vesicles and mitochondria and
      vacuolization of axon terminals were common. Shrinkage and degenerative changes
      of axon terminals were noticed. The end-plate abnormalities were closely
      associated with an increased amount of collagen tissue, degenerated Schwann
      cells, and cell debris. Degenerated Schwann cells were not encountered in young
      adult mice. In the old group, endplates of normal appearance occurred in the
      proportion of 40%. The young group had normally structured end-plates in the
      proportion of 85%. The lesions described are not specific for the aging process.

PMID- 4018175
TI  - Age changes in density of endometrial stromal cells of the rat.
AB  - Stromal cells were counted in the endometrium of the rat during aging. Cell
      counts were made in the subepithelial, middle and deep regions of the endometrium
      in the left uterine horn of virgin Sprague-Dawley rats at 36 days of age and at
      4, 10, and 20-24 months. In all regions of the endometrium the density of stromal
      cells decreased with aging. Decrease in cell numbers per unit area was greatest
      in the middle and deep endometrium. In 20 to 24-month-old rats, the mean number
      of cell profiles within 0.085 mm2 of the middle endometrium had decreased to less
      than one-third the number that was present within the same area in the 36-day
      animal. In the deep endometrium of these oldest rats, the mean number of cells
      had decreased to less than one-fourth. An age-associated decrease in density of
      stromal cells may contribute to alterations that have been observed in hormone
      dependent uterine synthetic activities during aging.

PMID- 4018176
TI  - Inefficiency of chest percussion in the physical therapy of chronic bronchitis.
AB  - The effect of manual chest percussion was studied in 10 patients recovering from
      an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. All patients were studied on 2
      consecutive days. Physiotherapy consisting of postural drainage and instructed
      coughing was given on both days. Chest percussion was included in a randomized
      way on either day. Percussion was associated with a small but statistically
      significant increase in airflow obstruction, measured as a reduction in FEV1
      after the treatment. There were no differences in the deposition or clearance of
      inhaled radiolabelled particles between the 2 forms of treatment. Changes in
      oxygen saturation were small and insignificant during both forms of treatment.
      The study indicates that manual chest percussion is of little value as an adjunct
      to postural drainage and instructed coughing in the treatment of patients with
      chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 4018177
TI  - Irritative complaints, carboxyhemoglobin increase and minor ventilatory function
      changes due to exposure to chain-saw exhaust.
AB  - Complaints of irritation in the eyes, nose and throat as well as dyspnea during
      work prompted this study to determine whether chain-saw exhaust produces acute
      exposure effects in loggers. Interviews concerning respiratory symptoms and
      rating of complaints were conducted for 211 loggers at industrial health care
      centers. Measurements of carboxyhemoglobin, spirometry and exposure to
      hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and aldehydes were assessed for 23 loggers over 36
      work periods lasting 2 h each. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis among the 211
      loggers was 6%. Irritative complaints of eyes, nose and throat were common and
      significantly higher than in a reference group. The exposure levels were all
      below established threshold limit levels, except for carbon monoxide. There was a
      significant correlation between carbon monoxide exposure and blood
      carboxyhemoglobin levels. A small but significant decrease of FEV1% and FEF 25
      75% during the work periods indicated minimal broncho-constriction, possibly
      mediated through a reflex mechanism due to irritation of upper airways.

PMID- 4018178
TI  - Association between rise in antibodies and increase in airway sensitivity after
      intramuscular injection of killed influenza virus in asthmatic patients.
AB  - Nineteen stable asthmatic patients were given killed influenza virus
      intramuscularly. In 9 patients who developed a fourfold or greater rise in
      haemagglutination antibodies, an increase in airway sensitivity to histamine was
      demonstrated 48 h later. There was no significant change in histamine sensitivity
      in those patients who failed to develop a fourfold rise in haemagglutination
      antibodies. The increased histamine sensitivity was not associated with a
      deterioration in asthma symptoms, peak expiratory flow, nor an increase in
      bronchodilator requirements.

PMID- 4018180
TI  - The effect of furoyl saccharin, a novel non-peptidic acylating protease
      inhibitor, on experimental emphysema in the hamster.
AB  - Furoyl saccharin was evaluated for its ability to prevent the development of
      emphysematous lesions produced in hamsters by the exposure to aerosolized papain
      (3% for 3 h). Pretreatment with intratracheal furoyl saccharin (at the doses of
      0.3, 1, 3 mg) reduced the appearance of papain-induced emphysema as evaluated by
      both physiologic (static compliance) and histologic (mean linear intercept and
      internal surface area of the lungs) methods. Inhibition was dose-related with
      maximal reduction of changes in static compliance (74%), mean linear intercept
      (84%) and internal surface area (65%) observed after a dose of 3 mg. This is the
      first time that a non-peptide acylating inhibitor of serine proteases is reported
      to be affective in preventing the development of experimental emphysema.

PMID- 4018179
TI  - Effect of long-term administration of digoxin on exercise performance in chronic
      airflow obstruction.
AB  - We have studied the effect of long-term digoxin on exercise performance in 15
      patients with pulmonary heart disease due to severe chronic airflow obstruction
      (FEV1/VC ratio 29 +/- 6%: mean +/- SD). Digoxin (0.25 mg/day) was given for 8
      weeks in a randomized, double-blind crossover, placebo-controlled trial. All
      patients were ambulatory and had clinical features of right ventricular
      dysfunction but no clinical evidence of left ventricular dysfunction. Assessments
      included progressive and steady-state exercise, pulmonary function studies and
      evaluation of right and left ventricular function. In all patients the right
      ventricular ejection fraction was reduced; in 4 patients the left ventricular
      ejection fraction was also reduced. In patients whose left ventricular ejection
      fraction was initially abnormal, 8 weeks of digoxin increased left ventricular
      ejection fraction to normal. In spite of the improvement in resting ventricular
      function, exercise performance, the cardiopulmonary response to exercise,
      pulmonary function and general health status did not improve. We conclude that in
      patients with pulmonary heart disease: 1) digoxin improves ventricular function
      only if left ventricular function is reduced, and 2) despite the improvement in
      ventricular function digoxin does not improve pulmonary function, cardiopulmonary
      response to exercise or general feeling of well being.

PMID- 4018181
TI  - Hemoptysis in sarcoidosis.
AB  - We describe 4 previously healthy patients with non-cavitated pulmonary
      sarcoidosis, whose presenting symptom was hemoptysis. Despite the presence of
      pulmonary involvement in about 90% of patients with sarcoidosis, hemoptysis as
      the presenting symptom is very rare and was described previously, to our
      knowledge, in only 5 patients.

PMID- 4018182
TI  - Generalized amyloidosis in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - A boy suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) complicated by generalized amyloidosis
      is reported. His condition was fairly good during the first 10 years of life, but
      after this time he had repeated pulmonary infections caused by Staphylococcus
      aureus. From the age of 14, he developed increasing hepato- and splenomegaly and
      a liver biopsy revealed massive amyloidosis. At the age of 16 he died of
      respiratory and cardiac failure. Post-mortem examination revealed wide-spread
      amyloidosis in addition to pulmonary and pancreatic findings characteristic of
      CF.

PMID- 4018183
TI  - Flow cytometric DNA analysis.

PMID- 4018184
TI  - Characterization of pleural effusions by flow-cytometric DNA analysis.
AB  - Pleural effusions from 58 patients were studied by cytology and flow-cytometry.
      Relative cellular DNA content was measured, giving an estimate of ploidy as well
      as cell cycle distribution. Twenty-one patients had non-malignant diseases while
      the rest had malignant diseases. Pleural effusions from 13 patients contained
      malignant cells. In 2 cytologically equivocal cases and in one cytologically
      negative case aneuploid cells were demonstrated in the histograms. The cell cycle
      distribution of the diploid tumour cells did not differ from that of the diploid
      cells in benign effusions. The demonstration of an aneuploid histogram by flow
      cytometry favours a cancer diagnosis, and can provide valuable and decisive
      information in addition to cytological results.

PMID- 4018185
TI  - Bronchial reactivity to histamine in young male smokers.
AB  - Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine was determined in 17 non-asthmatic
      young male smokers and 21 non-smokers who were free of airflow obstruction. The 2
      groups were similar in forced expiratory volume, maximal expiratory flow at 50%
      and 25% of vital capacity, slope of phase III of the single-breath nitrogen test
      (delta N2/l) and closing volume (CV/VC%). Bronchial reactivity was determined as
      PC20, provocation concentration reducing FEV1 by 20%, threshold concentration
      reducing FEV1 by two standard deviations, percentage reduction in FEV1 with
      histamine 16 mg/ml. Similar numbers of smokers and non-smokers had a PC20 below
      16, 32 and 64 mg/ml. Threshold concentrations were the same in smokers and non
      smokers, as was the reduction in FEV1 with histamine 16 mg/ml. The
      bronchoconstrictor response to histamine was significantly related to baseline
      measurements of expiratory flow (particularly in non-smokers), but not to delta
      N2/l or CV/VC%. Bronchial reactivity to histamine is not increased in young male
      smokers with normal lung function. The abnormal reactivity seen in older smokers
      is acquired, either from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke itself, or
      resultant airway narrowing.

PMID- 4018186
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation in myocardial sarcoidosis.
AB  - A 35 year old male with intractable ventricular fibrillation due to myocardial
      sarcoidosis is described. Myocardial involvement in patients with sarcoidosis is
      not uncommon. Since severe ventricular arrhythmias due to myocardial sarcoidosis
      are often refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic treatment, steroids should be
      tried.

PMID- 4018187
TI  - Familial idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis.
AB  - Case reports of two sisters with idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis are presented.
      On the basis of reports in the literature it seems that developmental anomalies
      and immunopathological changes occur more frequently in familial fibrosing
      alveolitis than in the general population.

PMID- 4018188
TI  - Bronchoesophageal fistula caused by pulmonary aspergillosis.
AB  - A 29-year-old patient developed a bronchoesophageal fistula after expectorating a
      mycetoma caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. After failure of medical therapy, a
      retrosternal coloplasty was performed. Pulmonary aspergillosis can be the cause
      of a bronchoesophageal fistula.

PMID- 4018189
TI  - Topographical distribution of the summation property of Y-ganglion cells in the
      cat retina.
AB  - The stimulus response characteristics (SRCs) of 33 phasic retinal ganglion cells
      were established on the basis of extracellular recordings in the optic tract of
      anaesthetized and paralyzed cats. All SRCs were best described with two straight
      lines in double logarithmic coordinates. The near threshold light intensity
      summation was found to be linear, on the average up to 4.8 times threshold. The
      cells' threshold, defined as smallest response outside the 95%-confidence
      interval of the spontaneous activity (SpA) distribution, is dependent on the
      slope of the gain near threshold (linear gain) and the standard deviation of the
      spontaneous activity (SpA-scatter) prior to stimulation. The slope of the double
      logarithmic relationship at higher intensities (non-linear gain) - corresponding
      to the exponent of the power function - increases with threshold intensity. The
      linear, near threshold gain was used to describe the retinotopic distribution of
      the cells' threshold- and suprathreshold sensitivity. This sensitivity is high in
      the center of the retina decreasing steadily towards the periphery. Threshold, as
      well as linear and non-linear gain are interdependent parts of the SRC, specific
      for each ganglion cell and, furthermore, the geometrical mean between threshold
      activity and the response activity at the intersection point of the two
      regression lines is constant around 30 imp/s, irrespective of the cell's range of
      operation. The entire course of the SRC can therefore be predicted on the basis
      of the SpA-scatter and threshold intensity. The homogeneous population of
      investigated Y-ganglion cells proved to be a set of cells with summation
      characteristics, changing systematically with threshold and the distance of the
      receptive field from area centralis.

PMID- 4018190
TI  - Cerebello-cortical linkage in the monkey as revealed by transcellular labeling
      with the lectin wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to the marker horseradish
      peroxidase.
AB  - The possibility of a cerebellar linkage, via the thalamus with medial area 6 of
      the cerebral cortex was further explored in the present experiments (cf.
      preceding companion paper). It was found that HRP conjugated to the lectin wheat
      germ agglutinin injected into motor cortical areas was transported beyond the
      thalamus to the contralateral intracerebellar nuclei when the survival time was 4
      7 days. It is suggested that the labeling in the deep cerebellar nuclei occurred
      via the thalamic relay where cerebellofugal fibre terminals had taken up the
      marker substance released by corticothalamic fibre terminals or by the
      retrogradely labeled thalamic perikarya. In general, transcellular labeling of
      perikarya was weaker than retrograde labeling in the thalamic cells. Some of the
      nuclear zones in the cerebellum showed relatively dense granulations of the
      reaction product; in other zones only cells with few granules were seen, and
      large parts of the nuclei were not labeled at all. The topography of secondary
      labeling in the cerebellar nuclei depended on the cortical injection sites. In
      all cases, most labeling was found in the contralateral dentate nucleus. The
      interposed nucleus received a fair amount of heavy labeling only in the
      precentral arm and face cases. Very little labeling was seen in the fastigial
      nucleus and in the cerebellar nuclei ipsilateral to the cortical injections. A
      somatotopic organization of secondary labeling was noted in the precentral cases
      with the face being represented caudally, the hindlimb rostrally and the arm
      between the face and the hindlimb representation. This is in agreement with
      previous anatomical and electrophysiological investigations. These observations
      thus lend support to the conclusion that the SMA receives a transthalamic input
      not only from the basal ganglia but also from the cerebellum, especially from its
      lateral, neo-cerebellar portion.

PMID- 4018191
TI  - The laryngeal sensory pathway and its role in phonation. A brain lesioning study
      in the squirrel monkey.
AB  - In 10 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) uni- or bilateral lesions were placed
      in the nucl. solitarius, parabrachial nuclei, nucl. ventralis posterior medialis
      thalami or face area of primary sensory cortex. The effects of these lesions on
      vocalization were compared with those after transection of the internal branch of
      the superior laryngeal nerve. It was found that neither the cortical nor thalamic
      or parabrachial lesions changed the acoustic structure of vocalization. In
      contrast, destruction of the nucl. solitarius, like transection of the internal
      branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, affected vocalization severely. It is
      concluded that the production of species-specific vocalization depends upon a di-
      or, possibly, tri-synaptic laryngeal reflex control from tactile and
      proprioceptive laryngeal mechanoreceptors via nucl. solitarius and, possibly,
      lateral medullary reticular formation to nucl. ambiguus.

PMID- 4018192
TI  - Effects of posterior parietal lesions on visually guided movements in monkeys.
AB  - Four monkeys were trained to position, with either hand, a vertical rod in front
      of one of 5 target lights spaced 20 degrees apart on a semicircular screen. After
      the monkeys had reached the preoperative criterion (80% trials correct per
      session) they received a 1- or 2-stage bilateral lesion of posterior parietal
      cortex restricted to area 7. The lesion produced in all the monkeys considerable
      but temporary changes in movement latency, accuracy, velocity and duration.
      Latency increase appeared to be independent of changes in the other parameters.
      After the first lesion, movement latency increased for the contralateral arm in
      both left and right working spaces, from 100 ms up to 400 ms depending on the
      animal. A second lesion symmetrical to the first one increased movement latency
      of the arm contralateral or ipsilateral to the last lesion, depending on the time
      interval between the two lesions. In addition, unilateral lesions of area 7
      induced a gross inaccuracy in movements of the arm contralateral to the lesion,
      more marked in the contralateral working space. These lesions also increased
      movement peak velocity and simultaneously decreased movement duration for the arm
      contralateral to the lesion. The increase in velocity appeared to be related to
      the decrease in duration. A second lesion of area 7 in the opposite hemisphere
      similarly affected accuracy, velocity and duration but for the arm contralateral
      to the second lesion.

PMID- 4018193
TI  - Projections from the nuclei prepositus hypoglossi and intercalatus to the
      superior colliculus in the cat: an anatomical study using WGA-HRP.
AB  - In view of the recognized role of the superior colliculus (SC) in eye and head
      movement, and following recent physiological studies, the presence of afferents
      to the SC from the vestibular complex and adjacent cellular groups were sought
      using axonal transport techniques. Injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated
      to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) were made in the SC of 9 adult cats.
      Retrogradely labelled cells were observed in the nuclei prepositus hypoglossi
      (PH) and intercalatus (INT) predominantly contralaterally with only occasional
      cells in the medial (MVN) and descending (DVN) vestibular nuclei contralaterally.
      There appeared to be some topographical differences in anteroposterior
      distribution of labelled cells in the perihypoglossal nuclei after restricted SC
      injections. Two cases of intramedullary injection of WGA-HRP which involved the
      PH, INT, MVN and DVN revealed anterogradely labelled terminations in laminae IV
      and VI of the contralateral SC. A few additional labelled terminations were found
      in the medial portion of the contralateral medial geniculate body (MGB) and the
      nucleus of the optic tract-(NOT). The possible role of the perihypoglossal
      nuclear complex as a site of convergence of vestibular and neck afferent inputs
      destined for the SC is discussed.

PMID- 4018194
TI  - Organization of projections from the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus to the
      hypoglossal nucleus in the rat: an experimental light and electron microscopic
      study with axonal tracer techniques.
AB  - The organization of projections from the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus
      (PSN) to the hypoglossal nucleus (XII) in the rat was investigated at the light
      and electron microscopic level with retrograde and anterograde axonal tracer
      techniques. Microiontophoretic injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into XII
      resulted in retrograde labeling of neurons confined to the dorsal one-third of
      the PSN. Labeled neurons were found bilaterally, although a clear preponderance
      for ipsilateral distribution was evident. Most labeled neurons were found in the
      medial one-third and caudal two-thirds of the PSN. Labeled neurons were large (30
      50 micron), round-to-pear shaped multipolar cells with dendrites oriented
      primarily in the mediolateral direction. At the electron microscopic level, HRP
      reaction product was found throughout the cytoplasm of soma and processes of PSN
      projection neurons. The ultrastructural characteristics of these cells included a
      round, centrally placed nucleus and invaginated nuclear envelope, sparse Nissl
      bodies, numerous free ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes and Golgi complexes.
      Three to four main stem dendrites gradually tapered from the cell body and
      numerous synaptic terminals impinged upon soma and dendrites of labeled PSN
      neurons. Microiontophoretic injection of tritiated amino acids or HRP into the
      dorsal one-third of the PSN resulted in moderately dense terminal labeling in XII
      bilaterally, although mainly ipsilaterally. Terminal labeling was found diffusely
      throughout all regions of XII. Fibers descended the brainstem in the dorsolateral
      reticular formation and entered XII ventrolaterally. At the electron microscopic
      level, boutons containing HRP reaction product were found to synapse on dendritic
      processes in XII. Labeled boutons were characterized by clear, spherical vesicles
      and an asymmetrical postsynaptic density. The significance of these results are
      discussed in relation to oro-lingual motor behavior.

PMID- 4018195
TI  - Interhemispheric influences on area 19 of the cat.
AB  - Anatomical studies have shown an extensive network of homotopic and heterotopic
      interhemispheric connections in area 19 of the cat visual cortex (Segraves and
      Rosenquist 1982a; 1982b). We have investigated their functional organization by
      recording visual responses in area 19 of cats following a midsagittal section of
      the optic chiasm. This operation interrupts all crossed optic fibers coming both
      from the nasal and the temporal retinae; as a result, each hemisphere receives
      optic fibers only from the lateral hemiretina of the ipsilateral eye which
      conveys information from the contralateral visual field. Visual information
      transmitted to the same hemisphere from the contralateral retina and the
      ipsilateral visual field must be attributed to an indirect, interhemispheric
      pathway. We found that a rather high proportion of neurons (31.8%) in area 19 of
      seven split-chiasm cats responded to visual stimuli presented to the
      contralateral eye. All neurons receiving this interhemispheric activation were
      also driven by the ipsilateral eye via an intrahemispheric pathway. The property
      of binocularity was significantly related to the visuotopic map in that both
      receptive fields of each binocular neuron adjoined or were in the immediate
      vicinity of the vertical meridian. Due to the small size of receptive fields in
      area 19, the contribution of the interhemispheric pathway to the representation
      of the visual field is rather limited and it is certainly less extensive than
      that predicted by anatomical studies. The representation of the ipsilateral
      visual field in area 19 of intact cats, as assessed electrophysiologically, was
      comparable to that found in split-chiasm cats. Recordings in areas 17-18 of split
      chiasm cats showed that the visual field represented through the corpus callosum
      in these visual areas is certainly not less and probably more, extensive than
      that found in area 19. The results support the conclusion that the relation to
      the vertical meridian and the receptive field size can explain the organization
      of the interhemispheric connections in the visual areas studied so far.

PMID- 4018196
TI  - Human ocular counterroll: assessment of static and dynamic properties from
      electromagnetic scleral coil recordings.
AB  - Static and dynamic components of ocular counterroll as well as cyclorotatory
      optokinetic nystagmus were measured with a scleral search coil technique. Static
      counterroll compensated for about 10% of head roll when the head was tilted to
      steady positions up to 20 deg from the upright position. The dynamic component of
      counterroll, which occurs only while the head is moving, is much larger. It
      consists of smooth compensatory cyclorotation opposite to the head rotation,
      interrupted frequently by saccades moving in the same direction as the head.
      During voluntary sinusoidal head roll, cyclorotation compensated from 40% to more
      than 70% of the head motion. In the range 0.16 to 1.33 Hz, gain increased with
      frequency and with the amount of visual information. The lowest values were found
      in darkness. The gain increased in the presence of a visual fixation point and a
      further rise was induced by a structured visual pattern. Resetting saccades were
      made more frequently in the dark than in the light. These saccades were somewhat
      slower than typical horizontal saccades. Cyclorotatory optokinetic nystagmus
      could be induced by a patterned disk rotating around the visual axis. It was
      highly variable even within a same subject and had in general a very low gain
      (mean value about 0.03 for stimulus velocities up to 30 deg/s). It is concluded
      that cyclorotational slip velocity on the retina is considerably reduced by
      counterroll during roll of the head, although the residual cyclorotation after
      the head has reached a steady position is very small.

PMID- 4018198
TI  - Evidence for spatial structure in the cortical input to the monkey lateral
      geniculate nucleus.
AB  - We combined visual stimulation of the corticogeniculate pathway with cryogenic
      blockade of area 17 to examine the visual spatial structure of the cortical
      influence on single macaque LGN cells. Excitatory central areas surrounded by
      inhibitory regions and vice versa were found with equal frequency. Unstructured
      influences were also seen. The structure of the influence suggests that
      modulation of the spatial parameter may be an important function for the
      corticogeniculate pathway.

PMID- 4018197
TI  - The auditory corticopontocerebellar projection in the rat: inputs to the
      paraflocculus and midvermis. An anatomical and physiological study.
AB  - This study investigated afferent projections to the cerebellum, in particular
      those from the auditory cerebral cortex. The parafloccular lobule of the rat
      cerebellum is shown to be a primary target for the auditory cortical information
      with the midvermal region being a receiving area from the inferior colliculus.
      The method of anterograde transport of tritiated amino acids was employed to
      determine projections of the auditory cortex to the pons. Autoradiography showed
      that the site of termination of efferents from the auditory cortex corresponds to
      the location of neurons that project to the paraflocculus. Histogram analysis of
      neuronal activity in halothane anesthetized rats was employed to determine the
      response characteristics of neurons in paraflocculus and midvermis following
      cortical and tectal electrical stimulation. In addition, unit recordings of
      parafloccular neurons in immobilized, locally anesthetized animals demonstrated
      general characteristics of the responses of these neurons to auditory field
      stimulation. Electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex evoked mixed,
      excitatory-inhibitory and pure inhibitory mossy fiber responses in 33% of neurons
      in the paraflocculus, with no responses evident in the midvermis. Following
      inferior collicular stimulation, 12.6% of the neurons in the midvermis elicited a
      response. Recordings from parafloccular neurons in unanesthetized, immobilized
      rats showed evidence for excitatory and inhibitory mossy fiber responses,
      following auditory field stimulation. This spectrum of basic studies establishes
      the existence of a pathway in which the paraflocculus is revealed as an
      integrating target for cortical auditory information.

PMID- 4018199
TI  - Sex-specific effects of estradiol on hypothalamic noradrenaline turnover in
      gonadectomized rats.
AB  - In long-term gonadectomized rats of either sex a single injection of estradiol-17
      beta 3-benzoate acutely decreased the turnover rates of noradrenaline in the
      preoptic-anterior hypothalamic brain area (POAH) and reduced the serum
      concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH). On the afternoon of day 3, between 72
      and 78 h after estrogen priming, an increase of noradrenaline turnover was
      observed in female rats, whereas the turnover remained low in males. The increase
      of noradrenergic activity in female rat brain occurred at the time when LH
      release could be stimulated by progesterone. On the other hand, the low
      noradrenergic activity in the POAH of male rats correlated with the lack of
      stimulatory progesterone effects on LH secretion. The data indicate that
      estradiol induces a sex-specific increase of noradrenaline turnover in the POAH.
      This increase appears to be a prerequisite for the induction of LH surges.

PMID- 4018200
TI  - Luminance detectors in the olivary pretectal nucleus and their relationship to
      the pupillary light reflex in the rat. II. Studies using sinusoidal light.
AB  - The luminance detectors in the olivary pretectal nucleus, which are likely
      candidates mediating the pupillary light reflex, responded to all frequencies of
      sinusoidally modulated light up to 12-25 Hz. At low frequencies (0.05-4.0 Hz) the
      luminance detectors responded with modulated firing to different stimulation
      rates. The modulation depth of the cell response increased with the increase in
      stimulation frequency up to 20 Hz, then rapidly fell. There was a delay between
      the peak intensity of the stimulus and the peak firing of cell response of about
      30-40 ms. The amplitudes of the consensual pupil responses to the same sinusoidal
      stimulus, on the other hand, decreased with an increase in frequency and no
      discernible response was recorded above 2 Hz. The pupil responses were little
      affected by sympathectomy. The differences in the frequency response
      characteristics of luminance detectors and the pupil were attributed to the
      sluggish dynamic properties of the pupil muscles. This was demonstrated using an
      electronic model of the iris muscle which modified the responses of the luminance
      detectors giving output waveforms broadly resembling pupil responses to square
      and sinusoidally modulated lights.

PMID- 4018201
TI  - The thalamic connections with medial area 6 (supplementary motor cortex) in the
      monkey (macaca fascicularis).
AB  - The interrelationship of medial area 6 (supplementary motor area) with the
      thalamus was investigated by means of anterograde and retrograde tracing methods.
      Nine monkeys were prepared for autoradiography or histochemistry with the marker
      HRP conjugated to the lectin wheat germ agglutinin. Three of the monkeys received
      injections into the precentral cortex for comparison. Previous observations were
      confirmed that the thalamic relays to the motor areas are organized as crescent
      shaped lamellae which transgress cytoarchitectonic boundaries. The thalamic VA-VL
      complex receiving fibres from areas 4 and medial area 6 also sends fibres to
      these same areas. The thalamic relay to medial area 6 comprised the following
      subdivisions: VLo, VLc, area X of Olszewski, VLm and, to a smaller extent VA.
      Labeling (mostly anterograde only) was also prominent in some thalamic
      compartments outside the 'motor' thalamus: R, CL, CM-Pf, MD, LP, PULo. It was
      noted that rostral and caudal injections into the medial area 6 resulted in
      different thalamic labeling: The rostral portion was found to be related mainly
      with VApc, area X and VLc, the central portion with VLo, and the caudal portion
      with VLc/VLo. This structural inhomogeneity may reflect also a functional rostro
      caudal differentiation of the medial area 6. The thalamic territory projecting to
      the precentral cortex is separate from the above relay and includes principally
      VPLo. The present anatomical labeling study is in agreement with the conclusion
      of Schell and Strick (1984) that the SMA, especially its central portion, is an
      important target of basal ganglia outflow via the thalamic relay VLo. In addition
      consistent labeling was also found in thalamic subdivisions (area X, VLc) which
      had been found to receive cerebellar fibres.

PMID- 4018202
TI  - Mapping of regions in the caudal brain stem that produce stimulus-bound
      synchronization in the cortical EEG.
AB  - This study was aimed at filling the lacunae in our knowledge regarding the
      localization of the regions in the caudal brain stem that bring about cortical
      EEG synchronization on electrical stimulation and characteristic features of
      synchronized waves elicited from those regions. Studies were conducted on 40
      encephale isole cats. Stimulation of ventromedial regions of the caudal brain
      stem, with low frequency, elicited stimulus-bound synchronized waves in the
      cortex which were more prominent ispsilaterally. On the other hand, low-frequency
      stimulation of dorsal and lateral areas produced synchronized waves which were
      either equally prominent on both sides, or more prominent on the contralateral
      side. The loci in the brain stem that produce synchronization were very specific.
      The induced synchronized waves showed amplitude modulation and did not outlast
      the train of stimuli. The results are further confirmation of the role of caudal
      brain stem structures in cortical EEG synchronization. They also provide
      information regarding the nature of cortical synchronization elicited from these
      brain stem structures.

PMID- 4018203
TI  - Alterations in preoptic unit activity on stimulation of caudal brain stem EEG
      synchronizing structures.
AB  - Effects of stimulation of EEG-synchronizing structures of the caudal brain stem
      reticular formation with low (6 Hz) and high (100 Hz) frequencies were studied on
      42 neurons of the preoptic area, in encephale isole cats. Though low-frequency
      stimulation produced excitation and inhibition, the majority of the influenced
      neurons of the preoptic area had effects of the former type. Cortical EEG
      synchronization was also induced by low-frequency stimulation of the caudal brain
      stem. High-frequency stimulation, on the other hand, produced inhibition in a
      majority of the influenced neurons and induced, mostly, desynchronization of the
      cortical EEG. A majority of the neurons that were inhibited on high-frequency
      stimulation, remained unaffected during low-frequency stimulation. The influence
      induced on the preoptic area neurons by low-frequency stimulation could be
      obtained even in the absence of cortical EEG synchronization. Changes induced on
      preoptic neurons by high-frequency stimulation may be partially related to
      induced cortical EEG desynchronization.

PMID- 4018204
TI  - Depression and recovery of metabolic activity in rat visual system after eye
      removal.
AB  - To examine the anterograde metabolic effects of visual system damage, unilateral
      eye enucleation was carried out in 19 black-hooded rats, and the animals were
      injected with 2-deoxy[14C]glucose at postoperative survival times ranging from 1
      h to 91 days. Metabolic depression followed by recovery to near-normal resting
      levels of activity was seen contralateral to the enucleation in the superior
      colliculus and the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (primary
      effects), and in the lateral posterior nucleus, in layer IV, and the
      infragranular layers of visual cortex (secondary effects). Diaschisis, defined as
      a temporary depression in neural activity after denervation, appears to be a
      characteristic response of the damaged visual system.

PMID- 4018205
TI  - Transplantation of fetal rat cortex into regenerating nerve to the biceps femoris
      of adult rat.
AB  - Morphological aspects of the implantation of 11-day-old fetal (E11) rat cortex
      into regenerating peripheral nerves of adult rats were analyzed during the first
      3 weeks after transplantation. On day 11 of gestation, donor fetuses were removed
      from one uterine horn of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and pieces of cortex (1.0 X
      0.5 mm) were dissected from them for transplantation. Fetuses and normally
      delivered pups from the other uterine horn were used as age-matched controls. In
      45 adult male Sprague-Dawley rat hosts (200 to 300 g), the epineurium of the
      nerve to the biceps femoris muscle was crushed and incised, the perineurium
      minced, and E11 donor cortex was injected into the nerve. At 1 to 7 days
      postimplantation (DPI), undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells were dispersed or
      in oval neuroepithelial-like structures throughout the regenerating nerve. At 7
      to 14 DPI, neurons and neuroglia were differentiating and interspersed among
      fascicles of regenerating host axons. At 14 to 21 DPI, aggregates of
      differentiated neurons surrounded by neuropil containing a rich synaptic bed were
      interspersed with regenerated host peripheral axons. Fetal cortical implants
      survived, increased in size, and differentiated throughout the postoperative
      period, matching their timed controls.

PMID- 4018206
TI  - Temperature effects on the kinetics of force generation in normal and dystrophic
      mouse muscles.
AB  - The kinetics of isolated extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles from normal
      and genetically dystrophic (129/ReJ dy/dy) mice were studied at temperatures from
      8 to 38 degrees C. The rate constants for the exponential rise of tetanic force
      and for the exponential decay of force during an isometric twitch or short
      tetanus were similar in normal and dystrophic soleus muscles, but the decay rates
      were significantly reduced in dystrophic extensor digitorum longus muscles. The
      temperature dependence for several rate constants for isometric twitches and
      tetani was similar in all muscles studied, suggesting that the same rate limiting
      processes apply to fast and slow, normal and dystrophic muscles. Thus, the
      contractile proteins and those in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of dystrophic muscle
      are probably normal. The slower relaxation phase in dystrophic extensor digitorum
      longus muscles is compatible with a reduction in Ca2+-pumping sites in the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum, perhaps secondary to a change in motor unit composition.
      Some changes in the temperature dependence for measured times, toward those of
      soleus muscles, is consistent with the increased proportion of slow twitch motor
      units in dystrophic extensor digitorum longus muscles.

PMID- 4018207
TI  - Cholinergic regulation of neocortical spindling in DBA/2 mice.
AB  - Brief episodes of high-amplitude, bilaterally synchronous, seven-cycles-per
      second spindles appear in the EEG of DBA/2 inbred mice during active waking,
      quiet waking, and slow-wave sleep. They do not occur during waking in C57BL/6
      mice. This difference might result from differences in acetylcholine-mediated
      arousal as nicotine powerfully blocks brief spindle episodes in awake DBA/2 mice.
      The following results are reported. (i) Physostigmine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.)
      desynchronized the EEG and produced behavioral immobility, but did not block
      brief spindle episodes in free-moving DBA/2 mice. (ii) Atropine (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.)
      reduced arousal and provoked slow waves without facilitating brief spindle
      episodes. (iii) Mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) weakly activated spindles without
      producing any noticeable behavioral alterations. Because these treatments had
      little effect on spindle occurrence, the action of nicotine in brain stem
      transected DBA/2 mice was investigated. Nicotine (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effect
      on brief spindle episodes released by rostropontine transection but powerfully
      blocked those provoked by pentylenetetrazol (20 mg/kg, i.p.) in midpontine
      transected mice. Hence nicotine's antispindling action may be mediated in the
      rostral pons. As both nicotine and physostigmine produce behavioral immobility
      and EEG activation in free-moving DBA/2 mice, but only nicotine inhibits cortical
      spindling, the mechanisms that produce EEG desynchronization are probably not
      identical to those that prevent spindling. They may, though, be linked, parallel
      processes that are somehow dissociated in DBA/2 mice.

PMID- 4018208
TI  - Developmental neuron cell death in dystrophic and normal chickens.
AB  - The numbers of motoneurons in the brachial lateral motor columns were determined
      from the 6th embryonic day through the 5th week posthatching in age-matched
      dystrophic and normal chickens. The overall magnitude of cell loss was not
      significantly different between the dystrophic and normal strains. However there
      was a trend toward more motoneurons in the brachial lateral motor columns of
      dystrophic embryos and posthatch chickens which was found to be statistically
      significant at the 8th and 9th days of embryonic life. These observations are
      taken to suggest that, in addition to strain differences unrelated to the
      dystrophic gene, there may exist a temporal delay in developmental neuron cell
      death in dystrophic chick embryos that may be secondary to the primary defect
      within the dystrophic muscle.

PMID- 4018209
TI  - Chlordimeform produces contrast-dependent changes in visual evoked potentials of
      hooded rats.
AB  - Previous experiments found that acute exposure to the insecticide/acaricide,
      chlordimeform (CDM), produced large increases in the amplitude of pattern
      reversal evoked potentials (PREPs) without changing the amplitude of flash evoked
      potentials (FEPs) in the same rats (W. K. Boyes and R. S. Dyer, Exp. Neurol. 86:
      434-447, 1984). Current work investigated the influence of physical
      characteristics of the evoking stimuli on the action of CDM. Adult male Long
      Evans rats with epidural visual cortex electrodes were used. In experiment 1,
      PREPs were elicited with alternating gratings having equal contrast (99%) and a
      square wave spatial luminance profile at several spatial frequencies. Rats
      treated 1 h previously with 40 mg/kg CDM had increased PREP amplitudes at 0.1,
      0.2, and 0.4 cycles per degree (cpd), but not at 0.8 cpd. No changes were found
      after 5 mg/kg CDM. In experiment 2, PREPs were elicited with gratings oriented at
      0 degrees (horizontal), 45 degrees, 90 degrees, or 135 degrees. Treatment with 40
      mg/kg CDM increased PREP amplitudes and latencies regardless of orientation. In
      experiment 3, FEPs elicited with strobe flashes spanning four log units of
      intensity showed a small but significant CDM dose X intensity interaction on P2N2
      peak-to-peak amplitude. In experiment 4, PREPs were elicited with alternating
      gratings having a sinusoidal spatial luminance profile, spatial frequency of 0.2
      or 0.8 cpd, and contrast ranging from noise levels to 65%. Rats treated with 40
      mg/kg CDM showed increased peak-to-peak amplitudes only at 0.2 cpd and only at
      contrast values above 10%. The failure of CDM to alter PREPs at 0.8 cpd was
      attributed to low contrast sensitivity at that spatial frequency. The results
      demonstrated that the action of CDM on visual evoked potentials was dependent on
      the amount of contrast in the stimulus pattern, and suggested that CDM alters the
      encoding of visual contrast.

PMID- 4018210
TI  - Cell body responses to axonal injury: traumatic axotomy versus toxic neuropathy.
AB  - To compare the evolution of cell body responses to two different types of axonal
      injuries--sciatic nerve crush (axotomy) and chronic 2,5-hexanedione-induced
      neuropathy--we studied rat lumbar dorsal root ganglion neurons with light
      microscopy and morphometry. Compared with control neurons, axotomized cells
      showed early (1 day) increases in the frequencies of two responses, nuclear
      eccentricity and Nissl body displacement, and later (4 day) increases in average
      satellite cell nuclei and decreases in perikaryal diameters. In toxin-induced
      axonal degeneration, there were similar patterns of defined alterations, although
      the evolution progressed over weeks and the response magnitudes were smaller. We
      conclude that the two experimental conditions show basic morphologic
      similarities, implying cell body reorganization in toxic axonopathy may be a
      response to axonal dysfunction or degeneration.

PMID- 4018211
TI  - Cingulate cortex response to electrical stimulation of the mediodorsal thalamic
      nucleus.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the lateral, parvocellular part of the mediodorsal
      thalamic nucleus of the rabbit was found to evoke field potentials and drive
      single cells in the anterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, the laminar
      distribution of the field responses and the population of effected cells were
      dependent on the frequency of the stimulation. Excitatory current sinks were
      produced in layers I and III (primary layers of mediodorsal input) only when the
      stimulus frequency was in the theta range (6 to 8 Hz); the majority of cells were
      reliably driven only by stimulation within this range. Lower-frequency
      stimulation, e.g., 0.5 Hz, produced a current sink in layer V. Cells that were
      driven at low frequencies might be antidromically activated. The study suggests
      that modulation of mediodorsal outflow in the theta range may be necessary for
      effective information transfer to the cortex.

PMID- 4018212
TI  - Nucleolar changes in goldfish retinal ganglion cells in response to an optic
      nerve lesion are not perturbed by a second lesion.
AB  - The reaction of the goldfish retinal ganglion cells to optic nerve crush, as
      indicated by an increase in nucleolar incidence 4 to 5 days after this lesion,
      was not significantly affected if a second nerve crush was made within 3 days
      after the first. This appears to rule out axon sprouting as the initiating event
      for the cell body reaction to axotomy.

PMID- 4018214
TI  - Striatal dopamine after cortical injury.
AB  - After right or left unilateral sensorimotor cortex ablation or a sham operation,
      dopamine concentrations were assayed in the right and left striatum of rats. In
      the sham-operated animals, a greater amount of dopamine was found in the left
      striatum compared with the right. Right or left sensorimotor cortex injury
      reduced dopamine in both striata. Right hemisphere lesions produced a greater
      loss of dopamine in the right striatum compared with the effect of a left lesion
      on dopamine in the left striatum. The results support the hypothesis of an
      asymmetric response to cortical injury.

PMID- 4018213
TI  - Involvement of cortical, thalamic and midbrain reticular formation neurons in
      spike and wave discharges: extracellular study in feline generalized penicillin
      epilepsy.
AB  - Extracellular activity of single units, simultaneously recorded in cortex,
      thalamus, and midbrain reticular formation was investigated during feline
      generalized penicillin epilepsy. The firing activity of neurons recorded in the
      cortex was invariably and consistently enhanced in coincidence with the positive
      peak and the positive-negative transient of the "spike" of the spike and wave
      complex, and it was greatly decreased during the wave. In the nonspecific
      thalamic nuclei three classes of neurons were identified according to their
      patterns of activity during the spike and wave complex: (i) neurons behaving like
      cortical units, (ii) neurons with enhanced firing activity during the wave and a
      decreased activity during the "spike," and (iii) unmodified neurons. In the
      nucleus lateralis posterior neurons of the third class were not found. Most
      midbrain reticular neurons could be classified in the same three classes of the
      nonspecific thalamic nuclei; however, 11% of those units increased their activity
      20 to 30 ms earlier than did the cortical units (class IV). Investigation of the
      activities of all these neuronal populations immediately prior to a spike and
      wave discharge showed that the rhythmic cycle of excitation-inhibition commenced
      earlier in the cortical neurons than in any other subcortical neuron. Moreover,
      there were some nonspecific thalamic neurons of class II with an inhibitory phase
      exactly coincident with the activation of class IV midbrain reticular neurons.
      These data suggest (i) a leading role of cortical neurons in initiating and
      maintaining a spike and wave burst; (ii) the involvement of a
      corticothalamocortical circuit in timing the bursts, and (iii) an accessory
      reticulothalamic loop also involved in regulating the intraburst frequency of the
      spike and wave complex.

PMID- 4018215
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: challenge attrition during the lung phase of migration in
      vaccinated and serum-protected rats.
AB  - Serum harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats twice vaccinated with gamma-irradiated
      cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni is able to protect naive recipients against a
      challenge infection, but the challenge parasites are susceptible to immune
      elimination over a very short period of time. Thus, vaccinated rat serum protects
      recipients against a percutaneous cercarial challenge when transferred on Day +5
      but not Day 0 and protects recipients against a tail vein challenge with 5-day
      old lung worms when transferred on Days 0 or +1, but not Days +4 or +5. Rats
      challenged with lung worms via the tail vein and given serum on Day +3 exhibit
      approximately half the protection expressed by counterparts that received serum
      on Day 0. However, vaccinated rat serum does not protect naive recipients against
      a lung worm challenge introduced directly into the liver. These data indicate
      that immune elimination of challenge parasites in the vaccinated rat model is
      site-dependent rather than stage-dependent, and most probably occurs during the
      lung phase of parasite migration.

PMID- 4018216
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: effects of in vitro serotonin (5-HT) on aerobic and
      anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism.
AB  - The effect of Serotonin on carbohydrate metabolism, excreted end products, and
      adenine nucleotide pools in Schistosoma mansoni was determined following 60 min
      in vitro incubations under air (= 21% O2) and anaerobic (95% N2:5% CO2)
      conditions. In the presence of 0.25 mM Serotonin, glucose uptake increased by 82
      84% and lactate excretion increased by 77-78%; levels of excreted lactate were
      significantly higher under aerobic than under anaerobic conditions. The tissue
      pools of glucose, hexosephosphates, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, pyruvate, and
      lactate were significantly increased under anaerobic conditions compared to air
      incubation; the presence of Serotonin decreased tissue glucose pools and
      increased the size of the pyruvate and lactate tissue pools. The glycolytic
      carbon pool was significantly greater under anaerobic than under aerobic
      conditions, irrespective of Serotonin. Serotonin increased adenosine 5'
      diphosphate and adenosine 5'-monophosphate levels under aerobic conditions;
      neither Serotonin nor gas phase significantly affected total adenine nucleotide
      levels or the adenylate energy charge. Serotonin increased energy requirements by
      S. mansoni due to increased muscle contractions; demand was met by enhanced rates
      of carbohydrate metabolism. Irrespective of gas phase, 74-78% of available
      carbohydrate was converted to lactate. In the presence of Serotonin, conversion
      of glucose to lactate was reduced to 63-67%. In view of the requirements by S.
      mansoni for an abundant supply of glycoprotein and glycolipid precursors for
      surface membrane renewal, it is suggested that carbohydrate (glucose and
      glycogen) that was not converted to lactate may have been incorporated into
      biosynthetic processes leading to membrane synthesis.

PMID- 4018217
TI  - Trichinella spiralis: nonspecific resistance and immunity to newborn larvae in
      inbred mice.
AB  - The implantation and development of intravenously injected Trichinella spiralis
      newborn larvae were examined in different strains of inbred mice by determining
      muscle larvae burden. This was compared to the numbers of muscle larvae that
      established after a natural infection during which a quantitative assessment of
      intestinal newborn larvae production was made. In most inbred strains of mice,
      newborn larvae do not all successfully implant in muscle. Mice of the DBA/1
      strain are the most resistant to successful implantation, and C3H mice are the
      most permissive. This pattern is evident in the strains studied whether newborn
      larvae are injected intravenously or are produced by intestinal adults. Thus,
      after a natural infection, 100% of intestinally produced newborn larvae implanted
      in C3H mice, whereas in NFR 68% and DBA/1 mice 62% successfully matured in
      muscle. Immunity to newborn larvae could be demonstrated as early as 10 days
      after exposure to this stage of the life cycle. This immunity was protective
      against a complete challenge infection given 9 days after newborn larvae had been
      injected intravenously. Protection against newborn larvae was identical in male
      and female mice or in mice from 1 to 9 months of age. We conclude that there are
      two mechanisms by which mice impair newborn larvae establishment or development
      in muscle. The first appears to be nonimmunological (non-specific resistance),
      and the second is immunological. Genetically determined variation in strain
      specific expression is apparent with both mechanisms. In strains displaying high
      intrinsic "resistance" (DBA/1), this process is likely to account for most of the
      38% reduction in newborn larvae establishment in a primary infection. However,
      immunity against newborn larvae develops quickly enough to have a significant
      effect on migratory larvae in primary infections where adults persist in the
      intestine (e.g., the B10 congenic mice), or when high adult worm burdens delay
      adult worm rejection. Muscle larvae burden, therefore, reflects systemic
      nonspecific resistance to newborn larvae as well as immunological processes that
      occur in the intestine and systemically.

PMID- 4018218
TI  - Heligmosomoides polygyrus: inoculum size and glucose, ion, and gas fluxes in the
      small intestine of mice.
AB  - Female CDI mice were inoculated with 10, 50, 100, 250, or 500 larvae of
      Heligmosomoides polygyrus. At Days 7, 9, and 12 after infection, the anterior
      third of the small intestine was perfused using an in vivo technique. The
      distribution of worms in the mouse intestine was determined after 7, 9, and 12
      days. All worms that were recovered were from the proximal half of the small
      intestine. When compared to uninfected controls, there was a significant increase
      (+56%) in glucose absorption of the small intestine at Day 7 after infection with
      inocula of 50 and 100 larvae; at Day 9, glucose absorption was significantly
      increased with a 10-larvae inoculum. A decrease in glucose absorption occurred at
      Days 7 and 9 after infection with a 500-larvae inoculum. Net water absorption was
      significantly increased (+183%) with the 50- and 100-larvae inocula at Day 7, but
      was significantly reduced at Day 9 after infection with the 50-, 100-, 250-, and
      500-larvae inocula. Both Cl- and Na+ absorption were significantly increased with
      the 50-, 100-, and 250-larvae inocula at Day 7 after infection; at 9 and 12 days,
      there was significant net secretion of both ions. In control mice, there was net
      secretion of K+, while with the 50-, 100-, and 250-larvae inocula on Day 7 there
      was significant net absorption of K+ ions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018221
TI  - The use of excised, pressurized blood vessels to study the physiology of vascular
      smooth muscle.

PMID- 4018220
TI  - Current problems in smooth muscle mechanics.

PMID- 4018219
TI  - Velocity and myosin phosphorylation transients in arterial smooth muscle: effects
      of agonist diffusion.
AB  - Transients in myoplasmic [Ca2+] and in phosphorylation of the 20,000 dalton light
      chain of myosin have been reported following stimulation of vascular smooth
      muscle by various agonists. Since these transients are rapid compared with the
      time required to attain a steady-state stress, agonist diffusion rates may be a
      significant limitation in activation. The purpose of this study was to estimate
      the effect of agonist diffusion rates on the time course of activation as
      assessed by mechanical measurements of stress development and isotonic shortening
      velocities and by determinations of the time course of myosin phosphorylation.
      The approach was to measure these parameters in K+ -stimulated preparations of
      the swine carotid media of varying thicknesses and to estimate the theoretical
      contributions imposed by diffusion rates and the presence of a diffusion boundary
      layer surrounding the tissue. The results show that the time course of parameters
      which are tissue averages such as stiffness, active stress, and myosin
      phosphorylation is dominated by agonist diffusion rates. The sequence of events
      involved in excitation-contraction coupling including agonist actions on the cell
      membrane, Ca2+ release, activation of myosin light chain kinase, and cross-bridge
      phosphorylation appear to be very rapid events compared with stress development.
      Estimates of unloaded or lightly loaded shortening velocities which are not
      simple tissue averages appear to provide an improved estimate of activation
      rates.

PMID- 4018223
TI  - Interhemispheric asynchrony of the sleep EEG in northern fur seals.
AB  - In northern fur seals the two brain hemispheres can generate the EEG slow waves
      during sleep not only simultaneously, as in all the terrestrial mammals
      investigated, but also independently as in dolphins.

PMID- 4018222
TI  - Juvenile hormone titre and regulation in the cockroach Diploptera punctata.
AB  - Titres of juvenile hormone (JH) have been determined in both hemolymph and whole
      body extracts of female Diploptera punctata during the first gonotrophic cycle
      using a method employing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for qualitative and
      quantitative analysis. JH III is the sole JH found in both adult and last instar
      D. punctata. Maximum values of approximately 1500 ng/ml (approximately 6 microM)
      were observed at the middle of the gonotrophic cycle, when basal oocyte growth
      rate was greatest. Changes in rates of JH release in vitro by corpora allata
      paralleled closely the changes in JH titre, suggesting that biosynthesis is a
      major regulator of titre. JH levels per animal were calculated from observed JH
      titres, and at certain time points in the gonotrophic cycle JH obtained from
      analysis of whole bodies were significantly greater than those predicted from
      hemolymph titres. These results suggest the existence of a nonhemolymph JH pool
      in D. punctata. Decay in JH titre after allatectomy of 5 day females has also
      been studied. Following a rapid initial decline, the rate of decay slowed
      appreciably 4 h post-operation. Thus, use of a first-order rate constant to
      estimate half-life of JH significantly underestimated the longevity of the
      hormone. The apparent persistence of JH following allatectomy may be due to the
      existence of a nonhemolymph JH pool.

PMID- 4018224
TI  - Electromyographic responses elicited by cutaneous and mixed nerve stimulation in
      human tibialis anterior muscle.
AB  - The rectified and averaged myoelectrical responses of the anterior tibial muscle
      to stimulation of the posterior tibial, peroneal and sural nerves at the ankle
      were recorded during a weak isometric contraction in man. The stimulation of the
      posterior tibial nerve elicited two excitatory phases (short and long latency
      excitations) at 40 ms and 78 ms latencies, respectively, separated by a phase of
      reduced activity. With peroneal and sural nerve stimulation such triphasic
      responses were less consistent; only a monophasic inhibitory response occurred in
      some recordings. These results indicate that well-identifiable responses with
      distinct latencies can be obtained in human leg muscle with cutaneous and mixed
      nerve stimulation distal to the muscle.

PMID- 4018225
TI  - A comparison of the effects of the optical isomers of isoproterenol on energy
      metabolism in a mouse sarcoma.
AB  - Disturbance to energy production in the S180 sarcoma (CB) by optical isomers of
      isoproterenol was assessed from altered adenine nucleotide levels at 1 h. The L
      isomer almost halved the ATP level and lowered the energy charge significantly;
      the D-isomer was inactive. Dependence of tumor injury on cytochrome P-450
      activity appears unlikely.

PMID- 4018226
TI  - The effects of vitamin A nutritional status on glutathione levels and microsomal
      lipid peroxidation in rat lung.
AB  - In vitamin A-deficient rats, the glutathione level in lung was diminished and
      microsomal lipid peroxidation much increased. In vitamin A-loaded animals,
      however, both were depressed below control. Thus vitamin A protection against
      lipid peroxidation is independent of glutathione.

PMID- 4018227
TI  - Stereological analysis of lipofuscin in the central nervous system of Torpedo
      marmorata: correlation with superoxide dismutase distribution.
AB  - It was observed that superoxide dismutase was inversely proportional to the
      amount of lipofuscin present in the various anatomotopographical areas of the
      Torpedo marmorata central nervous system. These results support the theory that
      age pigments are a product of free lipoperoxidation induced by free radicals.

PMID- 4018228
TI  - Role of the delta 8 double bond of agroclavine in lysergic acid amide
      biosynthesis by Claviceps purpurea.
AB  - Agroclavine, given to actively-growing sclerotial tissue of a strain of Claviceps
      purpurea which can not normally elaborate ergot alkaloids, was transformed by
      this tissue into lysergic acid amide with overall efficiency of approximately
      40%. By contrast, festuclavine (8,9-dihydro-agroclavine) was not transformed,
      indicating specificity in the mechanism of lysergyl biosynthesis.

PMID- 4018229
TI  - Comparative analysis of phospholamban phosphorylation in crude membranes of
      vertebrate hearts.
AB  - Phospholamban, a sarcoplasmic reticulum phosphoprotein, is present in the hearts
      of mammalian, avian, amphibian, and fish species. Phylogenetic changes are
      indicated by marked differences among species in cardiac phospholamban content
      and by the absence of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phospholamban phosphorylation at
      an early developmental stage.

PMID- 4018230
TI  - Acetylcholine induced endothelial-dependent vasodilation increases as artery
      diameter decreases in the rabbit ear.
AB  - Isolated resistance vessels in the rabbit ear preconstricted with histamine were
      relaxed by acetylcholine by a proportionately greater amount than the central ear
      artery. The relaxation was antagonized by atropine and also by endothelium
      removal. Our studies represent the first direct evidence that endothelium
      dependent dilation can occur in resistance vessels.

PMID- 4018231
TI  - Comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), latex agglutination (LA) and
      staphylococcal coagglutination (COAG) in pneumococcal antigen detection in vitro.
AB  - CIE was compared to agglutination assays employing commercial kits (Directigen,
      Phadebact), as well as our own LA and COAG reagents, in detection of pneumococcal
      capsular polysaccharide (PCP) antigens in vitro. Directigen provided the most
      sensitive assay. CIE was of comparable sensitivity except for PCP antigen types 7
      and 14.

PMID- 4018233
TI  - Injection of a soluble sperm fraction into sea-urchin eggs triggers the cortical
      reaction.
AB  - Fertilization membranes form around unfertilized sea-urchin eggs after
      microinjection of a soluble spermatozoa fraction isosmotic with seawater. This
      demonstrates that the spermatozoon contains a chemical that triggers an increase
      in cytosolic calcium, leading to exocytosis of cortical granules. It also
      demonstrates that the triggering mechanism does not require an externally
      activated egg-membrane process. Further experiments show that the chemical
      trigger is not calcium.

PMID- 4018232
TI  - Endogenous copper is cytotoxic to a lymphoma in primary culture which requires
      thiols for growth.
AB  - With the use of bathocuproine sulfonate, a copper-specific chelator as an
      indicator, we have demonstrated that copper ions, present as a natural medium
      constituent are toxic to the growth of a lymphoma in primary culture and are
      principally responsible for the growth requirement of mercaptoethanol and other
      thiols. By chelating trace copper normally present in the medium, bathocuproine
      sulfonate retarded the oxidation of cysteine to poorly utilized cystine, thus
      permitting its direct utilization by the cells for growth.

PMID- 4018234
TI  - Decomposition of toxic and environmentally hazardous 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo
      p-dioxin by gamma irradiation.
AB  - The decomposition of the toxic and environmentally hazardous 2378-TCDD by gamma
      irradiation was studied and successfully used to decontaminate laboratory wastes
      containing small quantities of this chemically and biologically stable compound.
      The method makes use of gamma irradiation from a commercial 60cobalt facility at
      high dose levels (1000 kGy) to break down the compound into nontoxic products.
      Irradiation also decomposed 2378-TCDD in contaminated soil from the Seveso
      accident.

PMID- 4018236
TI  - The physiology of smooth muscle: an interdisciplinary review. A tribute to Edith
      Bulbring. Part II.

PMID- 4018237
TI  - A developmental model for family systems.
AB  - This paper reviews the historical context of concepts of development and some of
      the problems of applying them to family systems. A model of family systems
      development is presented that emphasizes changes in family shape through the
      individual life cycle. Some clinical uses of the model are described.

PMID- 4018235
TI  - Improved separation at low temperature of glycoproteins by Con A-Sepharose
      affinity chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
AB  - The Con A-Sepharose affinity chromatography of glycoproteins was even more
      effective at 4 degrees C than that at room temperature (26-28 degrees C) in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Application of this methodology to the
      separation of several glycoproteins from SDS-solubilized membrane proteins in rat
      cerebellum, including a glycoprotein characteristic of the Purkinje cells, was
      successful.

PMID- 4018238
TI  - From general laws to singularities.
AB  - This article comprises several sections. The first is devoted to an explanation
      of a number of notions stemming from work by Ilya Prigogine and others on open
      systems far from equilibrium. As a result of this work, I have been able to stand
      back from the traditional approach employed in family therapy, that of open
      systems at equilibrium (the theory of Ludwig von Bertalanffy). The second section
      describes a clinical example based on elements close to Prigogine's theories. In
      the third part I develop an approach that--although continuing to draw on
      Prigogine's work--is much more closely linked to the research I have carried out
      with Felix Guattari over recent years. In this part I attempt to study a level
      that, in my view, has too often been left outside the field of inquiry: that of
      couplings between "singularities" of members of the family system and the
      therapist. A clinical case is presented in which this "semiotic" level, as
      Guattari terms it, is used together with that of the "intrinsic rules" of the
      system. Finally, I propose a few avenues of inquiry and research on the basis of
      the concepts presented.

PMID- 4018239
TI  - Paradox and polarity: the Tao of family therapy.
AB  - Taoism is a Chinese spiritual tradition whose central metaphors concern polarity,
      paradox, and the natural process of change. Taoist ideas offer a particularly
      useful framework for understanding paradoxical interventions, the stance of the
      paradoxical therapist, and the new epistemology emerging in the field. The
      relevance of three Taoist metaphors for family therapists is discussed: polarity,
      cyclical change, and Wu Wei (noninterference).

PMID- 4018240
TI  - Methods for analyzing marital conflict discourse: implications of a systems
      approach.
AB  - A large number of studies of family and marital conflictual interaction purport
      to describe relational processes, yet close examination reveals a scarcity of
      process analyses. Many studies are interactional or systemic in name only. Three
      basic criteria are proposed as necessary for the development of a systems
      methodology: observable, sequential, system-level behavioral descriptions. A
      methodological review of the literature reveals that the first criterion yielded
      the most abundant set of methodologies. Application of the second criterion
      resulted in a much smaller number, which after the third criterion dwindled to a
      mere handful. This review does not focus on the substantive results of these
      investigations but rather on the research criteria, strategies, and issues that
      need to be addressed if process-oriented measures are to be developed for the
      study of interpersonal systems.

PMID- 4018241
TI  - Pragmatics in the measurement of family functioning: an interpretive framework
      for methodology.
AB  - The issue of the cross-method comparison of concepts that describe family
      functioning is addressed by means of an empirical investigation of two methods of
      family assessment. The examination focuses on a consideration of the functional,
      or pragmatic, aspects of subjects' responses through a comparison of a self
      report and an observational method whose associated concepts appear to be
      similar. Little predicted association based on conceptual similarity is noted. An
      interpretive framework is developed suggesting that the outcomes of empirical
      method comparisons may be usefully considered in terms of the pragmatic aspects
      of subjects' responses or the way in which subjects may be using their responses,
      based on their inferences regarding the interpersonal context associated with
      each method.

PMID- 4018242
TI  - Alternative strategies for creating "relational" family data.
AB  - A major problem facing family clinicians and researchers is creating data that
      will reflect the family as a unit. To address this problem, we present a
      framework for family assessment based on three measurement strategies: individual
      family member assessment, relational family assessment, and transactional family
      assessment. Within this context, we present several categories of methods for
      combining individual family member data into "relational" scores that reflect the
      couple or family as a unit. The problems and benefits of each method are
      presented, and it is suggested that the choice of method is dependent upon the
      content of the assessment, the theory underlying the content, and the statistical
      properties of the individual family member scores.

PMID- 4018243
TI  - A factor analysis of self-report measures of family functioning.
AB  - Four well-known, self-report measures of family functioning were serially
      examined in order to identify a limited set of reliable concepts for describing
      families. Following the completion of four separate data collection procedures, a
      75-item scale comprising 15 dimensions of family functioning was constructed. The
      dimensions appear reasonably independent of each other and have satisfactory
      psychometric properties. An initial effort to validate the scales was undertaken
      by contrasting scale scores obtained from descriptions of intact families with
      those obtained from descriptions of families that subsequently were disrupted by
      separation and divorce. Significant differences in scale scores were obtained on
      12 of the 15 dimensions of family functioning. The 15 dimensions of family
      functioning could be subsumed under the three general headings suggested by Moos,
      Insel, and Humphrey (14)--relationship dimensions, personal growth or value
      dimensions, and system maintenance dimensions.

PMID- 4018244
TI  - The social construction of unreality: a case study of a family's attribution of
      competence to a severely retarded child.
AB  - Some families develop unusual or extreme versions of reality and sustain them in
      the face of a torrent of ostensibly discrediting and disconfirming information.
      Although the psychological dynamics and functions of such shared constructions
      have been amply considered, little is known about the routine transactions
      through which these unusual versions of reality are created and maintained. This
      paper examines the "reality work" of a family that attributed high levels of
      performance and competence to the severely retarded youngest child. Observation
      of videotaped interaction between family members and the child revealed practices
      that presupposed, "documented," and sustained the family's version of the child's
      competence. The practices are similar to those characteristic of interaction
      between adults and preverbal children. The implications of this similarity for
      the analysis of cases of folie a famille are discussed.

PMID- 4018245
TI  - The debate: a strategic technique.
AB  - This paper describes the work of a strategic team that came out from behind the
      one-way mirror. A debate among the team is enacted before the family as a
      strategy for change. The case of a family that refused to provide information
      illustrates an application of this method. The debate among the therapists
      represents a dilemma that is a strategically constructed isomorph of the family
      situation. From this position, therapists have the option of changing levels
      between themselves and the family, asking the family to help solve the
      therapists' dilemma so that they in turn can be free to help the family. The
      combination of the debate and the change of levels between the therapists and the
      family creates a therapeutic neutrality for the family. From their meta position,
      they observe the therapists' struggle to solve the family's problem, which is re
      presented as a problem among the therapists. This perspective offers the family
      the choice of more adaptive solutions to their own dilemma.

PMID- 4018246
TI  - Sharing the holocaust experience: communication behaviors and their consequences
      in families of ex-partisans and ex-prisoners of concentration camps.
AB  - This study concerns the manner in which the traumatic events suffered by the
      parent in the Nazi holocaust are communicated to the second generation born after
      the Second World War. Additionally we investigated the effects of differences in
      wartime experiences on subsequent communication behaviors. Communication
      behaviors in families whose parents had been prisoners in concentration camps
      were compared with those of families who had displayed active resistance (i.e.,
      were partisans) during the Second World War. The data indicate greater legitimacy
      and openness in discussing holocaust-related issues in the homes of ex-partisans
      than in the homes of ex-prisoners in concentration camps. Also, sons and
      daughters of the former group have better knowledge of the holocaust and hold
      more favorable attitudes than do sons and daughters in the second group. The
      implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 4018247
TI  - Hyperpigmentation induced by furocoumarins.

PMID- 4018248
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of naftazone in the dog].

PMID- 4018249
TI  - [Corynebacterium kutscheri infection in the Wistar rat].

PMID- 4018250
TI  - Studies on annelated 1,4-benzothiazines and 1,5-benzothiazepines. I. Synthesis of
      4H-s-triazolo[3,4-c]-1,4-benzothiazine and derivatives with potential CNS
      activity.
AB  - As a part of a program toward the synthesis and the pharmacological studies on
      annelated 1,4-benzothiazines and 1,5-benzothiazepines, a number of 4H-s
      triazolo[3,4-c]-1,4-benzothiazine derivatives were prepared and tested for their
      CNS activity. The syntheses of the new tricyclic compounds (VII) were performed
      via the 2H-1,4-benzothiazine-3(4H)-thiones (II) which were obtained by Lawesson's
      thiation of lactams (I). Compounds (II) and their S-methyl-thioethers (III),
      quantitatively obtained by PTC method, were reacted with acylhydrazines to give
      the title compounds. Some triazolobenzothiazines (VII) were also prepared from 3
      hydrazinoderivatives (IV) by cyclization with either an aliphatic acid or the
      corresponding orthoesther.

PMID- 4018251
TI  - [Synthesis of N-phenylmaleimides. Kinetics of the antifibrillatory action of a
      derivative of procainamide].
AB  - The synthesis of some N-phenylmaleimides is described. Among them, reaction of
      (III a) with procainamide afforded an available prodrug (III c). Antiarrhythmic
      activity of (III c) was compared with that of procainamide in mice.

PMID- 4018252
TI  - The activation of cellulases from different sources by actin.
AB  - Actin has been shown to be a potent activator of the enzymatic hydrolysis of
      cellulose, its addition to the reaction mixture leading to an increase in the
      hydrolysis rate of up to 6-7 fold. The action of actin is directed primarily
      towards endoglucanases of cellulase complexes. The degree of activation varies in
      relation to the cellulases from different microbial sources. The activation of
      the enzymatic hydrolysis of an insoluble cellulose by actin does not affect the
      Michaelis constant but increases the maximum velocity of the reaction. Increasing
      the actin concentration leads to a linear increase in the activation effect which
      indicates a rather poor binding of actin with the cellulases under study.

PMID- 4018253
TI  - Selective expression of glutathione transferase isoenzymes in chemically induced
      preneoplastic rat hepatocyte nodules.
AB  - Isoenzymes of glutathione transferase were shown to occur at selectively altered
      levels in rat hepatocyte nodules produced by 2-acetylaminofluorene treatment.
      Changes were measured by different substrates, antibodies raised against purified
      glutathione transferases, and by purification of the major isoenzymes. Isoenzymes
      composed of subunits 1, 2 and 3, expressed in normal liver tissue, all occurred
      at increased concentrations in nodules, whereas the level of transferase 4-4 was
      decreased. The most conspicuous change was the appearance of glutathione
      transferase 7-7 (or transferase P), the concentration of which in negligible in
      normal liver.

PMID- 4018254
TI  - 1H NMR detection of cerebral myo-inositol.
AB  - A previously unassigned group of prominent multiplets of the 360 MHz 1H NMR
      spectrum of acid stable metabolite extracts from rat brain is shown to arise from
      free myo-inositol. This conclusion is derived from a systematic analysis of the
      high-resolution 1H NMR spectra of brain acid extracts, in which appropriate
      conditions and optimal proton signals have been selected for the quantitative
      analysis of up to 15 metabolites. Developmental variations in the cerebral
      content of myo-inositol could be readily detected using this approach, which
      provides a novel alternative to study myo-inositol metabolism under physiological
      or pathological conditions.

PMID- 4018255
TI  - Quantitative measurement of the total, peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidant
      capability of human blood plasma by controlled peroxidation. The important
      contribution made by plasma proteins.
AB  - Plasma obtained from fasted humans has been analysed for total radical-trapping
      antioxidant content by subjecting it to controlled peroxidation using the thermal
      decomposition of water-soluble azobis (2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) at 37
      degrees C to produce peroxyl radicals at a known, steady rate. It is found that
      the total radical-trapping antioxidant content is rather similar for the 7
      subjects that have been tested and, furthermore, it is 10-20-times larger than
      the effect attributable to vitamin E alone. Although it is shown that urate and
      ascorbate augment the contribution from vitamin E, their contributions (21-34 and
      0-2%, respectively) still leave 57-73% of the total antioxidant content
      unaccounted for. Evidence is presented to show that this previously unrecognized
      large reserve of antioxidant capacity is attributable to the plasma proteins.

PMID- 4018256
TI  - 5-Fluoroorotate: a new liposome-dependent cytotoxic agent.
AB  - The potency of 5-fluoroorotate for inhibition of L929 or CV1-P cell growth is
      increased by encapsulation in negatively charged liposomes. The optimal liposome
      composition is dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol: cholesterol, 67:33. Unextruded
      large unilamellar liposomes are the optimal size for delivery. This compound is
      the second transport-negative drug which we have found to exhibit liposome
      dependent delivery.

PMID- 4018257
TI  - Isolation and structural characterization of the smaller-size oligosaccharides
      from desialylated human kappa-casein. Establishment of a novel type of core for a
      mucin-type carbohydrate chain.
AB  - Alkaline borohydride reductive cleavage (beta-elimination) of desialylated human
      kappa-caseinoglycopeptide resulted in the release of a series of
      oligosaccharides. The smaller-size compounds among them were purified to virtual
      homogeneity by gel filtration followed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
      The structures of 9 oligosaccharides were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy in
      conjunction with sugar analysis. The tetrasaccharide Gal beta(1----3)[Gal beta(1-
      --4)GlcNAc beta(1----6)] GalNAc-ol and various partial structures thereof were
      characterized. Notably, the disaccharide GlcNAc beta(1----6)GalNAc-ol and the
      trisaccharide Gal beta(1----4)GlcNAc beta(1----6)GalNAc-ol were identified; they
      represent a novel type of core structure for mucin-type carbohydrate chains,
      namely a peptide-linked GalNAc that is mono-substituted at C-6. In addition, some
      oligosaccharides ending in GlcNAc-ol could be characterized. Their possible
      origin is discussed.

PMID- 4018258
TI  - Tumour-host metabolic interaction and cachexia.
AB  - Cachexia is a terminal metabolic problem observed in a wide variety of tumours.
      In this article I propose that the syndrome is a direct consequence of the common
      feature to all malignant tumours: growth. I suggest that the requirement for
      essential amino acids can be used as the unifying principle that links the tumour
      to the two main components of cachexia: muscle wastage and anorexia. This
      underlying factor is usually clouded by the overlapping of individual tumour
      characteristics.

PMID- 4018259
TI  - A metabolic switch produced by enzymically interconvertible forms of an enzyme.
AB  - A system of enzymically interconvertible enzyme forms (interconversion cycle) is
      known to increase the sensitivity to regulators. Here it is shown that this
      system may also provide a discrete switching mechanism in which the response is
      maintained when the stimulus is removed. These switches may be important in
      producing discontinuous metabolic changes such as those associated with cell
      differentiation.

PMID- 4018260
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies to analyse the expression of a multi-tubulin family.
AB  - We have used a panel of monoclonal antibodies in a study of the expression of
      multiple tubulins in Physarum polycephalum. Three anti-beta-tubulin monoclonal
      antibodies, DM1B, DM3B3 and KMX-1 all reacted with the beta 1-tubulin isotypes
      expressed in both myxamoebae and plasmodia. However, these antibodies showed a
      spectrum of reduced reactivity with the plasmodial beta 2-tubulin isotype - the
      competence of recognition of this isotype was graded DM1B greater than KMX-1
      greater than DM3B3. The anti-alpha-tubulin monoclonal antibody, YOL 1/34 defined
      the full complement of Physarum alpha-tubulin isotypes, whilst the anti-alpha
      tubulin monoclonal antibody, KMP-1 showed a remarkably high degree of isotype
      specificity. KMP-1 recognises all of the myxamoebal alpha 1-tubulin isotypes but
      only recognises 3 out of the 4 alpha 1-tubulin isotypes expressed in the
      plasmodium (which normally focus in the same 2D gel spot). KMP-1 does not
      recognise the plasmodial specific alpha 2-tubulin isotype. This monoclonal
      antibody reveals a new level of complexity amongst the tubulin isotypes expressed
      in Physarum and suggests that monoclonal antibodies are valuable probes for
      individual members of multi-tubulin families.

PMID- 4018261
TI  - Conformational disorder of the distal leucine in monomeric Glycera hemoglobins
      and implications for oxygen binding.
AB  - 1H NMR studies of the carbon monoxide complexes of the major monomeric
      hemoglobins from Glycera dibranchiata show that distal leucine is conserved at
      position E7. The observed ring current shifts and nuclear Overhauser enhancements
      indicate conformational disorder of the leucine E7 side chain. The conformational
      substates interconvert rapidly on the NMR time scale. The rapid conformational
      fluctuations of leucine E7 may play a fundamental role in governing diffusion of
      ligands to the heme.

PMID- 4018262
TI  - Early transmembrane events in tumour cell responses observed by stopped-flow
      fluorometry.
AB  - Early transmembrane events of tumour cells (mouse myeloma X5563 and lymphoma
      RDM4) after binding of a monoclonal antibody against mouse MHC antigen and a
      mitogenic lectin, Con A, were examined by stopped-flow fluorometry with 3
      different fluorescent probes. The results showed that membrane fluidities of the
      cells increased first after binding of anti H-2Kk monoclonal antibody (11-4.1),
      then calcium was released from intracellular stores into the cytoplasma, and
      lastly calcium influx occurred from the external medium into the cytoplasma.
      While Con A only induced calcium influx from the external medium into the
      cytoplasma.

PMID- 4018263
TI  - Polymerized liposomes as stable oxygen-carriers.
AB  - We have produced a surrogate erythrocyte ('hemosomes') by encapsulating human
      hemoglobin in polymerized vesicles composed of diacetylenic phospholipids plus or
      minus cholesterol. Hemoglobin (in the presence or absence of allosteric
      effectors) was encapsulated by a freeze-thaw method in large, unilamellar
      vesicles composed of monomeric lipids. Entrapment was demonstrated by molecular
      sieve chromatography. Brief irradiation with ultraviolet light produced polymeric
      hemosomes with polymerization kinetics and conversions similar to liposomes in
      the absence of protein. Photo-induced oxidation of the heme was eliminated or
      severely limited by a combination of prior ligation with CO and the maintenance
      of high intravesicular hemoglobin concentrations (5-10 mM internal hemoglobin).
      The inclusion of allosteric effectors within polymerized hemosomes facilitated
      near-quantitative conversion to the oxy-HbA form. Gas permeability of monomeric
      and polymeric hemosomes was demonstrated by spectroscopic methods. Reversible
      spectral shifts, corresponding to oxygenation-deoxygenation, were obtained after
      brief evacuation and exposure to oxygen or nitrogen. The gas permeability of
      polymerized hemosomes appears sufficient for the vesicles to act as oxygen
      carriers in vivo, a notion that is strengthened by their apparent
      hemocompatibility.

PMID- 4018264
TI  - Protein thiols in normal and neoplastic human uterine cervix.
AB  - Protein-thiol groups that react with dihydroxydinaphthyl disulphide during a 7 h
      incubation (so-called reactive protein thiols, PSHr) have been quantitatively
      measured on sections of human uterine cervix by microcytospectrophotometry.
      Measurements were made on areas (1 micron 2) of epithelium and adjoining stroma
      in samples of normal cervix, and in samples obtained from patients with
      dysplasia, carcinoma-in-situ and invasive cancer. The ratio of PSHr in epithelium
      to stroma is substantially reduced in the pathological conditions compared with
      normal and in apparently normal adjacent areas. Such changes in PSHr are
      discussed in relation to the redox balance of the tissue, and free radical
      disturbances previously described.

PMID- 4018265
TI  - Bile acid binding in plasma: the importance of lipoproteins.
AB  - Bile acid (BA) hydrophobicity, evaluated by the octanol-water partition
      coefficient, decreases along the series deoxycholic acid-chenodeoxy cholic acid
      hyodeoxycholic acid-ursodeoxycholic acid-cholic acid (CA)-ursocholic acid (UCA).
      In vitro experiments carried out using dialysis techniques (to determine the
      maximum BA binding) and ultrafiltration of plasma pre-incubated with 0.1 mM BA
      (to assess the distribution of BA between the different lipoprotein fractions)
      showed that the maximum binding of BA to plasma and lipoproteins follows the same
      order of hydrophobicity. The fraction not bound to proteins, greater with the
      hydrophilic BA (UCA and CA), is distributed in the lipoprotein fractions and in
      particular in high density lipoproteins.

PMID- 4018266
TI  - Limited proteolysis of pig liver CoA synthase: evidence for subunit identity.
AB  - The bifunctional enzyme CoA synthase can be nicked by trypsin without loss of its
      activities. The original dimer of subunit Mr approx. 61 000 yields fragments of
      Mr 41 000 and 22 000 as seen on gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS, but
      the nicked enzyme retains the native Mr of 118 000. Further proteolysis occurs
      rapidly in the absence of protecting substrates. The N-terminal of native CoA
      synthase is proline, and proteolysis exposes glycine as a second N-terminal. This
      evidence strongly suggests that the subunits are identical.

PMID- 4018267
TI  - Protein fatty acyltransferase is located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - The fatty acid acylation of polypeptides was studied in vivo and in vitro by
      incorporation of radiolabeled palmitic acid into Semliki Forest viral
      polypeptides. Utilizing a cell-free system for acylation protein fatty
      acyltransferase was characterized as an integral membrane protein. No acylation
      activity was detected in the cytosol. During subcellular fractionation of a
      variety of mammalian or avian cells the enzyme was localized to the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore this posttranslational hydrophobic modification
      starts earlier in the biosynthesis of acylated polypeptides than previously
      believed.

PMID- 4018268
TI  - Rat pancreas contains the proglucagon(64-69) fragment and arginine stimulates its
      release.
AB  - Rat proglucagon(64-69) corresponding to the C-terminal hexapeptide of putative
      rat glicentin sequence in the precursor was synthesized. A glicentin C-terminal
      hexapeptide specific radioimmunoassay, using the synthetic hexapeptide as
      standard, demonstrated the presence in rat pancreas of a peptide identified with
      the synthetic rat proglucagon(64-69): H-Asn-Arg-Asn-Asn-Ile-Ala-OH. The
      hexapeptide was released concomitantly with glucagon by arginine stimulation from
      the isolated perfused rat pancreas. The results indicate that the pancreas co
      stores and possibly co-releases the hexapeptide with glucagon as one of the
      processing products of proglucagon.

PMID- 4018269
TI  - Thioridazine: a selective inhibitor of peroxisomal beta-oxidation in vivo.
AB  - In vivo administration of the phenothiazine drug, thioridazine, inhibits hepatic
      peroxisomal beta-oxidation in mice. In starving animals, 3-hydroxybutyrate
      concentration is not decreased by thioridazine treatment. These results provide
      the first demonstration of thioridazine as a selective inhibitor of peroxisomal
      beta-oxidation in intact animals. Thioridazine might supply a tool for simulation
      of pathological conditions in which peroxisomal beta-oxidation is impaired.

PMID- 4018270
TI  - Footprinting of DNA secondary structure by high-intensity (laser) ultraviolet
      irradiation.
AB  - The action of high-intensity ultraviolet pulse laser radiation on a 161 bp
      fragment of pBR 322 DNA (EcoRI-MspI fragment) was studied. At doses up to 5 X
      10(18) photons/cm2 the N-glycosidic bond splitting is negligible. The action of
      hot piperidine on irradiated DNA leads to chain splitting at the residues,
      modified via biphotonic processes. The modification and, hence, splitting
      efficiencies depend on the type of base (G greater than T greater than A greater
      than C) and on its position in the sequence. Preferentially modified bases in the
      opposite strands of double-stranded DNA belong, mainly, to the same or adjacent
      base pairs. Residues in the Pribnow box are modified considerably less, than in
      the sequences, immediately upstream and downstream. This approach seems to be
      useful in footprinting of DNA secondary structure peculiarities and alterations,
      conjugated with the functional role and state of the respective fragment.

PMID- 4018271
TI  - Preparation and amino acid sequence of human kappa-casein.
AB  - Human kappa-casein was prepared from whole casein by successive hydroxyapatite
      and thiol-Sepharose chromatographies. The primary structure of its 99-residue N
      terminal fragment has been determined by sequencing peptides obtained by tryptic
      and chymotryptic digestions of the whole protein. This fragment overlaps the
      known sequence of the 65-residue C-terminal fragment. The 158-residue sequence of
      human kappa-casein was compared to those of goat, ewe, cow and rat kappa-caseins.
      Only 22% of the residues are identical in homologous positions. The rate of
      divergence of the 93-residue N-terminal segment (para-kappa-casein) appears to be
      higher than that of the rest of the molecule.

PMID- 4018272
TI  - Oxyntomodulin (glucagon-37) and its C-terminal octapeptide inhibit gastric acid
      secretion.
AB  - Oxyntomodulin (OXM) is a peptide isolated from porcine intestine which consists
      of the whole glucagon sequence with a basic octapeptide (KA8) at its C-terminal
      end. In this study, the effect of OXM and KA8 on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric
      acid secretion has been studied in conscious rats and cats. In rats, OXM (25-450
      pmol . kg-1) as well as KA8 (7.5-60 nmol . kg-1) inhibited pentagastrin
      stimulated gastric acid output in a dose-dependent manner; KA8 was about 100
      times less potent than OXM. In cats, KA8 (90 nmol . kg-1) was also an inhibitor
      of acid secretion. We conclude that OXM, or a closely related peptide, could be a
      physiological modulator of gastric acid secretion, and that the C-terminal
      octapeptide of OXM is implicated in this effect.

PMID- 4018273
TI  - National Institutes of Health phase I, Small Business Innovation Research
      applications: fiscal year 1983 results.
AB  - A review of the 356 disapproved Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
      proposals submitted to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for fiscal year
      1983 funding was undertaken to identify the most common shortcomings of those
      disapproved applications. The shortcomings were divided into four general classes
      by using the scheme developed by other authors when describing the reasons for
      the disapproval of regular NIH research applications. Comparison of the reasons
      for disapproval of SBIR applications with regular applications suggests
      comparable difficulties in the areas of the problem and the approach. There is
      some indication, however, that the SBIR proposals may have been weaker in the
      category of the principal investigator (PI). In general, it is the responsibility
      of the PI to demonstrate that the work is timely and can be performed with
      available technology and expertise, and that the guidelines for the NIH SBIR
      program have been satisfied.

PMID- 4018274
TI  - Successful pregnancies from the transfer of pronucleate embryos in an outpatient
      in vitro fertilization program.
AB  - Twenty-nine infertile women were given clomiphene citrate (100 mg/day, days 3 to
      7), human menopausal gonadotropin (150 IU/day, days 7 to 12 or 13), and human
      chorionic gonadotropin (2000 IU) for the induction of ovulation. Eggs were
      collected by laparoscopy and preincubated for 6 hours before being cultured with
      spermatozoa for fertilization. Approximately 16 to 18 hours after insemination,
      the eggs that showed two pronuclei were transferred to the patient's uterus. As
      confirmed by the ultrasonic appearance of a gestational sac, six women who
      received pronucleate embryos became pregnant, and three pregnancies resulted in
      normal full-term deliveries. These results confirm that, unlike requirements for
      most laboratory and farm animals, the requirements of synchrony between the
      preimplantation human uterus and developing embryos are not very stringent. In
      vitro fertilization treatment procedures can thus be made simpler by the transfer
      of embryos at the pronucleate stage.

PMID- 4018276
TI  - Increased maternal serum 3 alpha, 17 beta-androstanediol glucuronide
      concentrations during pregnancy.
AB  - Maternal serum concentrations of 3 alpha, 17 beta-androstanediol glucuronide (3
      alpha-diol-G), a substance that reflects peripheral androgen action and tissue 5
      alpha-reductase activity, were measured in 33 normal men, 51 nonpregnant women,
      and 51 women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The 3 alpha-diol-G concentrations in
      men (median, 201 ng/ml) were significantly higher than in nonpregnant women
      (median, 42 ng/ml) or pregnant women (median, 124 ng/ml). The concentrations in
      pregnant women were significantly greater than those in nonpregnant women, and
      there were no significant differences between trimesters in maternal 3 alpha-diol
      G concentrations. There were no fetal sex differences found in maternal serum or
      in third-trimester amniotic fluid. These results indicate that pregnancy is
      associated with increased androgen production by maternal tissues and that fetal
      3 alpha-diol-G production is low.

PMID- 4018275
TI  - A new method for predicting and confirming ovulation.
AB  - Evaluation of a method for predicting and confirming ovulation by measurement of
      vaginal and salivary electrical resistance (VER and SER) was the purpose of this
      study. Eighteen menstrual cycles from 13 subjects were analyzed. A clearly
      defined nadir in VER at day 0, the day of the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak,
      followed by a pronounced increase the following day was observed. A peak in SER
      was consistently observed 5 to 6 days before day 0. The correlation coefficient
      (r) between the cycle day of the SER peak and cycle day of the LH peak was 0.94.
      After the peak in SER, values were low for several days but increased 1 to 2 days
      before the LH peak. Results indicate that monitoring of SER and VER may provide
      the basis for a simple method for predicting and confirming ovulation.

PMID- 4018277
TI  - Absence of chorionic gonadotropin in sera of women who use intrauterine devices.
AB  - A controlled study was undertaken to determine whether unnoticed pregnancies
      routinely occur in users of the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). Starting
      on day 10 of the menstrual cycle and continuing through the onset of menstruation
      or until the diagnosis of pregnancy, we collected daily blood samples from three
      groups of normally menstruating young women. The study groups were (A) IUD users
      (n = 30), (B) women with tubal ligation (n = 30), and (C) women trying to become
      pregnant (n = 15). The sequential serum samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay
      for progesterone (P), human luteinizing hormone (hLH), and human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG). No positive hCG assays in luteal phase blood sera of IUD
      users were observed. The only positive hCG determinations of IUD users coincided
      with the preovulatory surge of hLH. Two subjects who became pregnant, as judged
      by progressive increases in hCG and P levels in the luteal phase, belonged to the
      group planning pregnancy. The finding of two pregnancies in 15 months of exposure
      is consistent with the assumption of natural fertility. The probability of no
      pregnancies in 30 months at risk, as observed among the IUD users, is between 1
      in 200 and 1 in 100,000, depending on the assumption made for natural fertility.
      The study demonstrates that IUD users do not retain their natural fertility, and
      that IUDs do not exert their antifertility effect as abortifacient agents. If a
      confirmed pregnancy is detected in an IUD user, it may be assumed to represent an
      isolated case of contraceptive failure.

PMID- 4018279
TI  - Obstructing malformations of the uterus and vagina.
AB  - Sixteen cases of obstructing malformations of the uterus and vagina treated at
      The Children's Hospital between 1970 and 1983 are discussed. These patients
      typically present with pain within 2 years of their menarche and a pelvic mass.
      Unilateral renal agenesis is the most common associated nongynecologic defect
      encountered (53%). The key to early diagnosis is a high index of suspicion when
      significant gynecologic symptoms develop in perimenarchal patients. A complete
      investigation should be carried out before the undertaking of corrective surgery,
      because a thorough understanding of the patient's anatomy is necessary for the
      determination of the type of operation that will optimally preserve reproductive
      and sexual function. The specific abnormalities encountered in this series are
      divided into three groups on the basis of the site(s) of obstruction.
      Recommendations for surgical treatment of each group are presented.

PMID- 4018278
TI  - Recovery of Chlamydia trachomatis from the endometrium in infertile women with
      serum antichlamydial antibodies.
AB  - Upper genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis appears to be a frequent
      cause of salpingitis and tubal infertility. However, the prevalence of active
      infection in women with infertility has not been well-defined. To examine this
      question, endocervical and endometrial cultures for C. trachomatis were obtained
      from infertile women with serum antibodies to C. trachomatis. The first 19
      consecutive patients with titers greater than or equal to 1/32 were cultured. C.
      trachomatis was recovered from the endometrium or endocervix in six (32%) of the
      women examined and from the endometrium in five (26%). These findings indicate
      that a significant portion of infertile women with serum antichlamydial
      antibodies may have active upper genital tract infection with C. trachomatis at
      the time of presentation.

PMID- 4018280
TI  - Regret after decision to have a tubal sterilization.
AB  - To determine characteristics associated with regretting sterilization that can be
      determined preoperatively, we analyzed data from the Collaborative Review of
      Sterilization (CREST), a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Of 5022
      women, 2.0% regretted having had a tubal sterilization at 1 year after the
      procedure and 2.7% did so after 2 years. Using a multivariate analysis to
      identify risk factors for regret, we found that almost all characteristics were
      more closely associated with regret at 1 year than at 2 years postoperatively. Of
      the characteristics we examined that could be objectively determined
      preoperatively, we considered only age less than 30 years and (for whites) a
      concurrent cesarean section to be risk factors for regret at 2 years after
      sterilization. However, in absolute terms, less than 10% of women with both those
      risk factors regretted having the procedure.

PMID- 4018281
TI  - Prolonged storage of human spermatozoa at room temperature or in a refrigerator.
AB  - Spermatozoa from patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy were
      prepared free from seminal plasma with the use of IVF culture medium supplemented
      with 8% human serum. Samples were then stored either at room temperature or in a
      refrigerator, and their motility and ability to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs
      were assessed every second day. With storage at room temperature, motility
      declined by less than half over the first 14 days, with some samples still active
      20 days after preparation. The ability of the samples to penetrate hamster eggs
      was unchanged during the first 6 days of storage, and most of the samples still
      had positive tests after 14 days. Some spermatozoa could still penetrate after 17
      days. Room-temperature-stored spermatozoa were still able to fertilize human
      oocytes 5 days after preparation. With storage in a refrigerator motility
      declined rapidly, and few sperm were motile after 14 days. However, these samples
      penetrated relatively more hamster eggs after 14 days' storage than room
      temperature-stored samples did. Spermatozoa stored overnight in a refrigerator
      had significantly higher hamster egg penetration rates than spermatozoa stored
      overnight at room temperature. After storage overnight at room temperature, false
      positive and false-negative results of hamster egg penetration tests were common
      in relation to IVF outcome; after refrigerated storage, no false-negative results
      were found.

PMID- 4018282
TI  - An association between clomiphene citrate and ectopic pregnancy: a preliminary
      report.
AB  - Preliminary results of a case-control study suggest that CC or factors closely
      associated with CC therapy (or both) may increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
      It is hoped that these results will stimulate further research for more explicit
      evaluation of the role of CC and LPD in the etiology of ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 4018283
TI  - Danazol in the management of ureteral obstruction secondary to endometriosis.
AB  - Ureteral obstruction caused by endometriosis is uncommon. It is, however, an
      important complication that imposes a 25% chance for permanent loss of renal
      function on the affected side. The standard management is surgical; however,
      three cases have been reported in which regression of obstruction followed
      medical therapy. This case report concerns a patient with long-standing partial
      ureteric obstruction due to endometriosis who was treated for 2 months with
      danazol. Clinical response of the endometriosis was excellent, but the
      obstruction persisted, a retroperitoneal ureteroneocystotomy was therefore
      performed. The ureter was found to be obstructed by dense fibrous tissue that
      contained endometrial glands. It seems therefore that a trial of danazol may be
      attempted in selected cases, but that the drug is unlikely to relieve
      endometriotic ureteric obstruction once dense fibrosis has occurred.

PMID- 4018284
TI  - The fetus is a graft, both biologically and legally.

PMID- 4018285
TI  - Cervical mucus determinations.

PMID- 4018286
TI  - Treatment of endometriosis with danazol.

PMID- 4018287
TI  - Exercise and oligomenorrhea.

PMID- 4018288
TI  - [Reaction of caudate nucleus neurons to acoustic stimulation during functional
      exclusion of the medial geniculate body].
AB  - In chronic experiments, responses of the cat caudate nucleus neurons to sound
      clicks (0.2/s) were recorded extracellularly under conditions of functional
      blockade of the medial geniculate body (MGB). Analysis of the average
      poststimulus histograms showed that, under anodic polarization of the parvo- and
      magnocellular parts of the MGB, 39% of the caudate nucleus neurons responded to
      sound signals by a decrease of phasic activation and 30% of neurons--by its
      disappearance, 9%--by lengthening of latency of the responses. In some units the
      anodic polarization of the MGB magnocellular part induced an increase in phasic
      activation. Stimulation of the MGB exerted a facilitating effect on the unit
      responses of the caudate nucleus to clicks.

PMID- 4018289
TI  - [Effect of medullary chemosensitive structures on vascular neurogenic tonus].
AB  - In anesthetized cats, blockade of the intermediate chemosensitive area (area "S")
      of the ventral medulla by means of local cooling to 20-22 degrees C induced drop
      of arterial blood pressure by 22% as well as of the perfusion pressure in hind
      limb skin-muscular and muscular preparations by 24% and 12%, resp. Analogous
      cooling of the caudal chemosensitive area (area "L") increased the BP by 6% as
      well as the perfusion pressure. Decentralizing of the hind-limbs prevented the
      perfusion pressure changes but did not affect the BP shifts. Raise of the
      temperature in the "S" area up to 41 degrees C increased both the BP and the
      perfusion pressure. Functional heterogeneity and role of the above chemosensitive
      areas in modulation of neurogenic vascular tone, are discussed.

PMID- 4018290
TI  - [1 possible triggering mechanism of regional redistributions of cardiac output in
      hypovolemia].

PMID- 4018291
TI  - [Characteristics of baroreceptor reflexes as affected by negative and positive
      emotions].
AB  - Changes of blood pressure (BP), intersystolic intervals (II), baroreflex
      sensitivity (BS) were studied during negative and positive emotions in
      unrestrained rats. Negative emotions induced raise of BP and reduced II and BS.
      The hemodynamic component of positive self-stimulation was due to its rewarding
      properties and not to direct effect of cerebral stimulation. It was characterized
      by BP elevation and II decrease, BS remaining unchanged. Hemodynamic
      manifestations of positive and negative emotions are discussed.

PMID- 4018292
TI  - [Changes in systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics during an increase in lung
      volume].
AB  - 15 anesthetized dogs were subjected to a gradual increase of the lungs volume by
      means of administration of the 50% gas mixture of oxygen and air. The exceeding
      of the lungs volume by 600 ml increased pressure in the caudal vein, reduced
      blood flow and systolic pressure in the heart ventricles. After administration of
      800 ml of the gas, the systolic pressure started to raise in the right ventricle
      and achieved 36.8 mm Hg at the moment of intrathoracic pressure of 21.5 mm H2O
      and cessation of the minor circulation. Then the right ventricle augmented its
      mechanic activity inducing tachycardia, raise of the pressure up to 45.2 mm Hg
      and restoration of the lung circulation.

PMID- 4018293
TI  - [Hyperemia in capillaries of the gastrocnemius muscle following stretching].
AB  - Microcine-tv-study of the isolated m. gastrocnemius' capillaries in 9
      anesthetized cats determined the blood flow mean velocity as 0.73 +/- 0.12 mm/s
      with a considerable dispersion for 216 capillaries (variation coefficient = 120
      160%). The temporal dispersion of velocities in a single capillary was
      insignificant (variation coefficient about 45%). Longitudinal stretch of the
      muscle for 1-2 cm decelerated the capillary blood flow up to its complete arrest.
      After 1-min stretch, the blood flow velocity increased by 0.30 +/- 0.06 mm/s in
      148 capillaries; decreased by 0.22 +/- 0.07 mm/s in 35 capillaries and remained
      the same in 5 capillaries. Apart from this, 4 capillaries initially invisible,
      became apparent. Average data for capillaries corresponded to those of macro
      experiments. Responses of individual capillaries seem to be unrelated to initial
      velocity of their location within the net, if only absolute values of velocities
      are to be analysed.

PMID- 4018294
TI  - [Mechanism of changes in central lymphatic volume flow with increase of pressure
      in the left atrium].
AB  - In anesthetized adult dogs, stimulation of left atrium receptors caused an
      increase in the central lymph volume flow and a raise in transport capacity of
      the thoracic duct. Neither vagotomy nor blockade of muscarinic cholinergic fibers
      affected the reflex shifts in lymph volume flow or thoracic duct lumen. The
      efferent link of this reflex is represented by adrenergic nerve fibers.

PMID- 4018295
TI  - [Combined functioning of lymph-blood plasma systems in regulating lipid balance
      in dogs].
AB  - Active participation of lymphatic system in the reconstruction of cholesterol
      pool during its passage from the intestinal lymph to the thoracic duct lymph was
      revealed. This phenomenon depends both on the directional dilution of intestinal
      lipids in the thoracic duct lymph and enzyme mechanisms of the maintenance of
      lipid balance occurring with the aid of lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase and
      lipoprotein lipase. The rate of transformation of the cholesterol pool correlates
      with the volume speed of thoracic duct flow. Walls of the intestine, lymphatic
      and circulatory systems seem to function within the framework of a single
      mechanism controlling the adequate status of circulatory lipids.

PMID- 4018296
TI  - [Interrelation of the morphofunctional characteristics of the erythron and heme
      synthesizing enzyme activity during heat exposure].
AB  - A new erythrocyte population with increased cell diameter and volume appears
      during the adaptive readjustment of the erythron system with the augmentation of
      intracellular hemoglobin content in prolonged exposure to heat. The level of
      their hemosynthesizing enzymes activities correlates with different functional
      characteristics of erythron bone marrow shoot.

PMID- 4018297
TI  - [Effect of homeostasis of chyme composition on absorption of its components in
      the small intestine during natural digestion].
AB  - In dogs, even after essential changes of food ingredients, chyme concentration
      indices, being formed in duodenum, are steadily kept over a comparatively small
      range of values in the aftermath of intensive exchange between blood and media
      filling the lumen of gastroduodenal area. The direction of the balance flow for
      each substance depends both on the substance initial concentration and the
      ingredients ratio of food. The homeostating of enteral medium seems to assure the
      relative stability of the substances balance flow filling up internal medium of
      the organism.

PMID- 4018298
TI  - [Electrical characteristics of the epithelial tissue and cells of the carp and
      frog gallbladder].
AB  - Transepithelial potential and resistance, the ratio of resistance of the apical
      to the basal cell membranes (Ra/Rb) were studied during transmural current clamps
      in isolated frog and fish gall-bladder (GB) with Ringer's solution on both sides.
      The findings show that: 1) the difference between the mucosal and serosal
      membrane potentials (MPs) was 3-8 mV as determined by transmural potential; 2)
      the ratio Ra/Rb depends on the MP value: it was less than 1 if MP was about 30
      mV, and more than 1 if MP was over 30 mV; 3) outward and inward current clamps
      (about 20 microA/0.3 cm2) produced linear changes of MP on both apical and basal
      membranes; at high currents (40-60 microA/0.3 cm2) linear dependence is distorted
      especially for apical membrane whose conductance abruptly increases during
      current clamps.

PMID- 4018299
TI  - [Activity of inferior colliculus neurons during lateralization of complex
      sounds].

PMID- 4018300
TI  - [Analysis of the convulsive electrical activity in the basolateral nucleus of the
      amygdala].

PMID- 4018301
TI  - [Relation of the frequencies of the rhythmic components of cortical and
      hippocampal electric activity to the intensity of stimulation of the reticular
      formation].

PMID- 4018302
TI  - [Effect of hypoxia and hypoxic hypercapnia on hemodynamic indices and acid-base
      state of the blood in dogs].

PMID- 4018303
TI  - [Television method for measuring the formed elements of the blood].

PMID- 4018304
TI  - [Controllable amplifier for registering tissue blood flow by the hydrogen
      clearance method].

PMID- 4018305
TI  - Hybridoma cultivation in defined serum-free media: growth-supporting substances.
      I. Transferrin.
AB  - Effect of transferrin and effect of transferrin omission on growth of hybridomas
      in serum-free medium were studied. Transferrin at concentration 0.5 microgram/ml
      and higher concentrations stimulated growth of hybridoma cells. The optimum
      growth-supporting concentration of transferrin was 5 micrograms/ml. Omission of
      transferrin led to death of hybridoma T3-03 cells within 3-4 days. Omission of
      transferrin for a period of only 24 h damaged cells so severely, that they were
      unable to recover fully.

PMID- 4018306
TI  - Alterations in CFU-GM growth in preleukaemic and leukaemic AKR/J mice.
AB  - The behaviour of committed CFU-GM bone marrow cells was investigated in leukaemic
      and preleukaemic AKR/J mice. The number of bone marrow CFU-GM decreased in the
      leukaemic stage of spontaneous AKR/J leukaemia. The addition of AKR/J leukaemic
      cells inhibited CFU-GM growth from normal target bone marrow. The bone marrow CFU
      GM growth was also reduced in late preleukaemic AKR/J mice, whereas no
      modification in the CFU-GM number in early preleukaemic animals was found.

PMID- 4018307
TI  - [A comparative study of the accelerated metabolism of cortisol, prednisolone and
      dexamethasone in patients under rifampicin therapy].
AB  - Although rifampicin (RFP) is known to be one of the potent hepatic microsomal
      enzyme inducers, little has been reported about the detailed pharmacokinetics of
      glucocorticoids in patients under RFP therapy. In this paper, the metabolism of
      cortisol, prednisolone and dexamethasone were investigated comparatively by
      simultaneous injection of these glucocorticoids. Eleven patients under RFP
      therapy, including 7 with tuberculosis together with collagen diseases and 4 with
      tuberculosis alone, were studied. Sixteen normal volunteers and 4 patients with
      collagen diseases not under RFP therapy were also examined as controls. After 1
      mg of betamethasone was administered orally on the previous night for the
      suppression of endogenous cortisol, a mixed solution of 1 mg each of cortisol,
      prednisolone and dexamethasone was given intravenously. Plasma steroid levels of
      periodically collected blood samples were determined by respective
      radioimmunoassay after extraction with dichloromethane and purification by paper
      chromatography. Half-times of plasma disappearance (t 1/2), metabolic clearance
      rates (MCR) and total apparent distribution volumes (V) of these glucocorticoids
      were calculated using the single compartment model. The mean values of t 1/2 of
      cortisol, prednisolone and dexamethasone in patients with collagen diseases under
      RFP therapy were 1.8 +/- 0.3 (Mean +/- SD) (p less than 0.05), 1.4 +/- 0.2 (p
      less than 0.001) and 1.3 +/- 0.3 hours (p less than 0.001), respectively, which
      were significantly shortened when compared with normal subjects (cortisol, 2.1 +/
      0.2; prednisolone, 2.5 +/- 0.7; dexamethasone, 3.5 +/- 1.0 hours). The MCR of
      cortisol, prednisolone and dexamethasone in these patients were 139 +/- 57, 141
      +/- 53 (p less than 0.01) and 722 +/- 137 l/day/m2 (p less than 0.001),
      respectively, which were increased when compared with normal subjects (cortisol,
      114 +/- 20; prednisolone, 75 +/- 25; dexamethasone, 153 +/- 45 l/day/m2). The
      metabolism of these glucocorticoids in patients with collagen diseases under RFP
      therapy were also accelerated when compared with those in patients with collagen
      diseases not under RFP therapy. The t 1/2 of cortisol, prednisolone and
      dexamethasone in patients with tuberculosis alone under RFP therapy were 1.3 +/-
      0.3 (p less than 0.001), 1.4 +/- 0.5 (p less than 0.01) and 1.2 +/- 0.3 hours (p
      less than 0.001), respectively, which were significantly shortened when compared
      with normal subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4018308
TI  - [The effects of progestogens on a human endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa and
      a human breast cancer cell line MCF-7].
AB  - The effects of Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and progesterone (P) on DNA and
      RNA contents of a human endometrial cancer cell line (Ishikawa) and a human
      breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were studied using Flow cytometry. The results
      were as follows. MPA and P at a high dose of 10(-5) M inhibited their cell cycle
      progression through the G1 phase or G1-S phase boundary and showed a decrease in
      the number of cells which underwent DNA synthesis and mitosis. P at a low dose of
      10(-7) M showed the lengthening of cell cycle time in the S phase. MPA at 10(-7)
      M had an inhibitory effect on the cell cycle progression of Ishikawa cells
      similar to that of a high dose of MPA whereas, in the case of MCF-7 cells, it
      showed a lengthening of duration in the S phase. Therefore, the dose
      responsibility of these cells to MPA were shown to be different. A high dose of
      MPA and P showed a decrease in the cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA contents. A low
      dose of MPA and P had no marked effect on the RNA contents. From these results,
      it was clarified that MPA, especially at a high dose, could substantially inhibit
      RNA synthesis and DNA synthesis with a delay of the cell cycle progression in
      hormone responsive cancer cells.

PMID- 4018310
TI  - [Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve fibers and
      cell bodies in the abdominal sympathetic ganglia of the rat--an
      immunohistochemical study].
AB  - The occurrence and localization of Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly
      Leu)-like immunoreactivity in the lumbar paravertebral ganglion and the superior
      mesenteric ganglion in the rat were investigated by immunocytochemistry.
      Colchicine was employed as an axonal flow blocker to accumulate Met-Enk-Arg-Gly
      Leu in the nerve cell bodies. The Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu serum (R 0171) was produced
      by immunizing a mixed breed female rabbit with synthetic Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu
      conjugated to ascaris protein by the glutaraldehyde method. Sections, 7 micron in
      thickness, of Bouin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were immunostained by the
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Results obtained were summarized as
      follows: Colchicine-untreated rats possessed no strongly-immunoreactive nerve
      cell bodies for Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu in the lumbar paravertebral ganglion, though
      a few of them were weakly immunopositive. Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like
      immunoreactivity showing nerve fibers were occasionally seen in nerve fiber
      bundles of the lumbar paravertebral ganglion. In the superior mesenteric
      ganglion, a dense network of positively immunostained nerve fibers with a beaded
      appearance were seen around nerve cell bodies which were immunonegative for Met
      Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu. In colchicine-treated rats, 55 percent of nerve cell bodies of
      the lumbar paravertebral ganglion showed various degrees of positive
      immunoreactivities for Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu. Many strongly immunostained nerve
      terminals were seen in the lumbar paravertebral ganglion of colchicine-treated
      rats. In the superior mesenteric ganglion, the immunoreactivity for Met-Enk-Arg
      Gly-Leu in the beaded nerve fibers around nerve cell bodies was intensified by
      the colchicine treatment, whereas the nerve cell bodies themselves remained
      immunonegative for Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu.

PMID- 4018309
TI  - [An epidemiological study of subacute thyroiditis in northern Japan].
AB  - It is difficult to study subacute thyroiditis epidemiologically since it occurs
      sporadically and infrequently. Information about 1,127 cases (108 males, 1,019
      females, from 1967 to 1982) of subacute thyroiditis in northern Japan was
      obtained through a questionnaire. It was found that the usual age for the disease
      was forty, that females predominated in a ratio of 10.6:1, and that the prevalent
      month was July. In clinical features, the frequencies of the inflammatory
      symptoms were high in the acute phase of the disease, and the frequencies of
      hyperthyroid symptoms increased with the progress of the disease. According to
      the course of the disease (days after the onset without treatment), the patients
      were divided into seven subgroups, such as 1 approximately 7 days, 8
      approximately 14 days, 15 approximately 21 days, 22 approximately 28 days, 29
      approximately 42 days, 43 approximately 56 days and over 57 days, respectively.
      Compared with the 1 approximately 7 days group, the erythrocyte sedimentation
      rate, serum T4 and T3 concentrations in the 15 approximately 21 days group showed
      a significant increase from 64 +/- 35 to 75 +/- 30 mm/h (p less than 0.001), 14.6
      +/- 5.5 to 17.6 +/- 5.6 micrograms/100 ml (p less than 0.001) and 218 +/- 124 to
      263 +/- 109 ng/100 ml (p less than 0.05), respectively, but the BMR showed as
      insignificant increase from 20 +/- 15 to 24 +/- 14%. The 24-hr 131I-thyroid
      uptake and resin sponge uptake (RSU) in the 21 approximately 28 days group were
      1.2 +/- 1.5% and 35.1 +/- 6.7%, respectively; the former was significantly lower
      (p less than 0.02) and the latter was insignificantly higher than the values (2.0
      +/- 2.6% and 33.9 +/- 7.9%, respectively) in the 1 approximately 7 days group.
      The recovery time in the steroid-treated group was 57.2 +/- 47.6 days, which
      showed a statistically insignificant difference from 64.8 +/- 50.5 days of the
      sodium salicylate-treated group. But the recovery time of 78.2 +/- 64.9 days in
      other anti-inflammatory drug-treated groups was significantly longer than that of
      the steroid and sodium salicylate-treated groups (p less than 0.001 and p less
      than 0.05). Among 9 viral diseases, such as measles, varicella, erythema
      infection, hand-foot and mouth disease, rubella, mumps, influenza, epidemic
      keratoconjunctivitis and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis observed in northern
      Japan and Miyagi prefecture in the past 4 years, mumps, hand-foot and mouth
      disease and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were prevalent in summer.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4018311
TI  - Carcinogenic higher plant metabolites in the human diet in temperate countries: a
      review.
AB  - Interest has increased recently in the possible human carcinogenic effects of
      plant metabolites in the diet. Some psoralens, some pyrrolizidine alkaloids and
      'bracken carcinogen' may be dietary carcinogens, the latter two via contamination
      of food products from animals ingesting toxic plants. With the exception of
      'bracken carcinogen', the structures of these compounds have been established.
      Further research to quantify the levels of these compounds in foodstuffs and to
      correlate these with the amounts of the compounds having toxic effects in
      laboratory animals would be valuable. Epidemiological studies on critical-intake
      consumer groups would also be of value in defining the hazard, if any, the
      presence of these compounds in the diet poses to the consumer.

PMID- 4018312
TI  - The absence of rhamnose in human urine following the ingestion of gum karaya
      (Sterculia).
AB  - Urinary rhamnose estimations following ingestion of gum karaya were requested by
      the Scientific Committee for Food (EEC) in July 1983. Five male volunteers have
      therefore made 24-h urine collections prior to, and following, the ingestion of
      10 g gum karaya for 15 days, an intake ten-fold greater than that approved in
      terms of the present temporary ADI (0-12 X 5 mg/kg b.w.). Paper chromatographic
      separations, with two solvent systems, were made on the fresh urine specimens and
      also after ten-fold enrichments of all urinary constituents. Standard aqueous
      solutions of rhamnose, and urine to which rhamnose had been added, showed the
      detection limit to be 0.2 microgram rhamnose. Independent examinations in two
      laboratories failed to detect rhamnose at this level in any of the urine
      specimens, Had 1% of the rhamnose present in 10 g gum karaya appeared in the 24-h
      urine specimens, it would have been detected. This confirms previous evidence
      that dietary gum karaya is neither digested nor degraded by enteric bacteria and
      is not absorbed to any significant extent in Man.

PMID- 4018313
TI  - Determination of synthetic growth promoters in bile.
AB  - To monitor the use of synthetic growth promoting hormones in red meat animals
      requires a sensitive and rapid method of analysis. This paper describes the
      development of such a method for these agents in bile, based on a high pressure
      liquid chromatographic purification procedure with detection and estimation by
      radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 4018314
TI  - A chemiluminescent immunoassay for 17 alpha-methyltestosterone.
AB  - An immunoassay for the xenobiotic anabolic compound methyltestosterone (MT) is
      presented. The detection is based on chemiluminescence of a MT-isoluminol
      conjugate. Applications are presented for detection of methyltestosterone and
      cross-reacting compounds in bovine urine and tissues of application sites
      isolated from slaughtered cattle, illegally treated with hormonal anabolics.

PMID- 4018315
TI  - Sulphiting agents in foods: some risk/benefit considerations.
AB  - The current toxicological status of sulphiting agents is reviewed, including
      evidence of adverse reactions to sulphited foods by a sub-population of
      asthmatics. Against this background are assessed the applications and benefits of
      sulphiting agents in foods. It is concluded that further information is required
      to determine the magnitude of risk and that, in the interim, the controlled use
      of sulphiting agents is justifiable.

PMID- 4018316
TI  - Ammonia caramels: specifications and analysis.
AB  - Twenty three UK commercially produced ammonia caramels and eight experimentally
      produced ammonia caramels have been analysed by a range of physical and chemical
      tests, which include solids content, nitrogen levels, colour intensity and pH. A
      statistical treatment of the results is reported.

PMID- 4018317
TI  - Interaction between plastics packaging materials and foodstuffs with different
      fat content and fat release properties.
AB  - The migration of an addictive (phenolic antioxidant) from different types of
      plastic food packaging materials (low density polyethylene [LDPE], high density
      polyethylene [HDPE], polypropylene [PP], acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene [ABS]
      and high-impact polystyrene [SB]) into low-calorie (reduced fat) foodstuffs has
      been determined under normal storage conditions, and shown in most cases to be
      equivalent to migration into normal foodstuffs. Certain exceptions are discussed
      and related to the fat-release properties of the particular foodstuffs. Additive
      transfer into low-calorie products, as well as into emulsions of fat and water,
      has been compared with that into aqueous acetic acid and test fat HB 307 under
      normal storage conditions and after 10 days at 40 degrees C. The transfer of
      antioxidant from plastics was found to decrease in the order LDPE, HDPE, PP, SB
      and ABS. Migration was found to be higher into pure fat and margarine than into
      mayonnaise. When comparing absorption from different emulsions of fat and water,
      the ranking for plastics was the same as the above with LDPE having a greater
      absorption than HDPE, except that ABS and PP had absorptions of the same order
      whilst it was significantly higher for SB. The type of emulsion was, however,
      found to have a greater influence on migration of the antioxidant from the
      polymer than on the fat absorption from the emulsion. The results are discussed
      in relation to earlier work and also with respect to the classification of
      foodstuffs.

PMID- 4018318
TI  - Improved methodology for the simultaneous detection of the trichothecene
      mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in cereals.
AB  - A simple and sensitive method has been developed for the analysis of two
      trichothecene mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol and nivalenol) in cereals. These toxins
      were extracted with acetonitrile/water (3:1), defatted with n-hexane and purified
      by a two-step chromatographic procedure using Florisil and Sep-pak columns. The
      amounts of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) in the column eluates were
      quantitated by gas chromatography with electron capture detector and gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (selected ion monitoring). The limits of
      detection of the method were 2.0 micrograms/kg for DON and NIV with recoveries of
      the toxins spiked into polished rice, wheat and corn at 300 micrograms/kg
      averaging 87% and 86% respectively.

PMID- 4018319
TI  - Chromium in foods and the diet.
AB  - Food is the main source of chromium intake by man. Chromium is fairly evenly
      distributed throughout the various food groups examined, but highest
      concentrations of chromium are found in the meat, fish, fruit and sugar groups.
      Mean dietary chromium intakes in the UK (1976-78) were between 80 and 107
      micrograms/day.

PMID- 4018320
TI  - Naturally occurring oestrogens in foods--a review.
AB  - This review is concerned with the presence of naturally occurring oestrogens in
      food plants and processed foods. Particular emphasis is placed on isoflavones and
      coumestans, both of which are true plant oestrogens, and the resorcylic acid
      lactones, more correctly classified as fungal oestrogens. The metabolism and mode
      of action of these compounds is discussed and their biological potencies,
      determined in both in vivo and in vitro studies, described. Current methods of
      analysis are indicated and the levels of these oestrogens in food plants,
      processed foods and foodstuffs are presented. Botanical, environmental or
      technological factors affecting the possible intake of plant and fungal
      oestrogens are mentioned and the hazard associated with such intake is compared
      with that originating from other dietary or medicinal hormonally active
      substances. Indications are given of the wide range of common food plants which
      have been reported to possess oestrogenic (uterotropic) activity, although it is
      emphasized that in general further work is necessary to substantiate these claims
      and to confirm the identities of the biologically active principles which have in
      some cases been proposed. In the concluding section suggestions are made for
      additional research considered important or necessary in this interesting area.

PMID- 4018321
TI  - Mechanism and detection of osteoporosis.

PMID- 4018322
TI  - Preanesthetic and preoperative evaluation.

PMID- 4018323
TI  - The cephalosporins revisited.

PMID- 4018324
TI  - Intrinsic third ventricular craniopharyngioma: two case reports with review of
      the literature.

PMID- 4018325
TI  - [Avidity of single-stranded DNA antibodies and its importance for the
      pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases].

PMID- 4018326
TI  - [Toxoplasma antibodies in Behcet's disease].

PMID- 4018327
TI  - [Ultrastructural criteria in Kaposi's sarcoma].

PMID- 4018328
TI  - [Caterpillar dermatitis caused by Thaumatopoea pinivora Treitschke].

PMID- 4018329
TI  - [Folk medicine in Ethiopia. 1. Dermatological and health policy aspects].

PMID- 4018330
TI  - [Therapeutic trial with isonicotinic acid hydrazide in chronic stationary
      psoriasis].

PMID- 4018331
TI  - [Modification of skin surface film by tenside/lipid mixtures].

PMID- 4018332
TI  - [Inverse type Sturge-Weber syndrome].

PMID- 4018334
TI  - [Folk medicine in Ethiopia. 2. Tradition and the present].

PMID- 4018333
TI  - [Effect of monochromatic UV irradiation on the viability of human lymphocytes].

PMID- 4018335
TI  - [Gonorrhea and pustules of the hands].
AB  - Two similar cases of disseminated infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae were
      observed at the same time. The patients presented with fever, arthralgia,
      tenosynovitis, cutaneous pustules of the extremities. In one case, N. gonorrhoeae
      has been recovered from vaginal discharge; in the other, bacteriological
      investigations failed. From a review of the literature, it appears that: (1)
      acral vesiculo-pustular lesions and tenosynovitis represent the most suggestive
      signs of the disease; (2) it is obviously important to repeat the bacteriological
      investigations; (3) biological data, included serology, are useless. However,
      immunofluorescence techniques might detect altered germs in the skin.

PMID- 4018336
TI  - [Atypical measles].
AB  - Atypical measles with high fever, pneumonitis, erythematous papular and pustular
      rash occurred in a 16-year-old girl who had been vaccinated with the inactivated
      (killed) virus 15 years ago.

PMID- 4018337
TI  - [Stewart-Treves syndrome].
AB  - A Stewart-Treves angiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves syndrome) developed 14 years after
      mastectomy (Halsted) and radiotherapy for breast cancer in a woman now 56 years
      old. Limited excision, graft and complementary radiotherapy have controlled the
      disease for 20 months. The microscopical and ultrastructural features of this
      angiosarcoma are presented and the last advances in immunopathology briefly
      commented.

PMID- 4018338
TI  - [Basal cell nevus syndrome].
AB  - A 90-year-old female presented with multiple nevoid basal cell epitheliomas,
      skeletal defects and jaw cysts. The syndrome is briefly revisited.

PMID- 4018339
TI  - [Superficial pemphigus during the treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis with D
      penicillamine and piroxicam (Feldene)].
AB  - The authors report a new case of induced pemphigus: a 64-year-old man has had
      rheumatoid arthritis for 10 years. When he developed his pemphigus, he had been
      taking D-penicillamine and piroxicam for about 8 months. He needed high doses of
      prednisolone associated with azathioprine to clear his eruption. The case had a
      fatal outcome.

PMID- 4018340
TI  - Chemotaxis of nurse shark leukocytes.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine the ability of leukocytes from the nurse
      shark to migrate in an in vitro micropore filter chemotaxis assay and to
      determine optimal assay conditions and suitable attractants for such an assay. A
      migratory response was seen with several attractants: activated rat serum,
      activated shark plasma, and a pool of shark complement components. Only the
      response to activated rat serum was chemotactic, as determined by the
      checkerboard assay.

PMID- 4018341
TI  - In vitro degradation of endocytosed protein in pronephros cells of the char
      (Salmo alpinus L.). The effects of temperature and inhibitors.
AB  - In vitro degradation of 125I-formaldehyde treated human serum albumin (fHSA) in
      char (Salmo alpinus L.) pronephros cells was studied. The labelled protein was
      injected intravenously and after various intervals of time pronephros cells were
      isolated and degradation of internalized protein was measured. No degradation
      could be observed in cells isolated 30 min after injection. The degradation was
      very effective in cells isolated at later time points (60-90 min); as much as 65%
      of the initial cell associated labelled protein was degraded during 90 min
      incubation at 15 degrees C. The effect of temperature on degradation showed a
      linear course in the temperature range 0-20 degrees C when plotted in an
      Arrhenius plot. Monensin and ammonium ions inhibited degradation while colchicine
      had no effect when pronephros cells were isolated 75 min after the injection.

PMID- 4018342
TI  - Chemiluminescence by peripheral blood phagocytes from channel catfish: function
      of opsonin and temperature.
AB  - The ability of the peripheral blood phagocytes from channel catfish, Ictalurus
      punctatus, to produce chemiluminescence (CL) following ingestion of the enteric
      pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri was evaluated under a variety of opsonic and
      temperature conditions. The CL response was influenced by the concentration of
      immune serum used to opsonize the bacteria as well as the presence of
      nonspecific, heat labile opsonins. Peak light emissions were diminished and the
      time to peak response was increased with a reduction in temperature. Temperature
      mediated changes in CL activity was accompanied by a corresponding change in
      intracellular killing. The addition of the metabolic inhibitors superoxide
      dismutase or sodium azide resulted in a reduction in CL and intracellular
      killing.

PMID- 4018343
TI  - Antibody diversity in fish. Isoelectrofocalisation study of individually-purified
      specific antibodies in three teleost fish species: tench, carp and goldfish.
AB  - Natural anti-DNP antibodies were isolated by affinity chromatography from
      individual sera of three Cyprinid fish species (carp, goldfish and tench) and
      their electrofocusing (IEF) spectra were analysed in reducing conditions. In
      addition, immune anti-penicillin and anti-BSA antibodies were isolated from
      individual and pooled tench sera, and studied by IEF techniques on reduced
      samples. Diversity rates appeared to be rather low in the three fish species, and
      striking similarities arose between individuals of a same species. These results
      can be interpreted by the existence of particular selective pressures operating
      in poikilothermic species as it was already suggested by Du Pasquier. No
      enhancement of antibody heterogeneity could be detected in the tetraploid (carp
      and goldfish) species. This result is also in accordance with the selection of a
      restricted germ-line determined antibody repertoire in lower vertebrates.

PMID- 4018344
TI  - The cobra complement system: II. The membrane attack complex.
AB  - Rabbit erythrocytes are lysed by cobra plasma. The membranes of the lysed rabbit
      erythrocytes exhibited typical ultrastructural complement lesions with an inner
      diameter of 72 A. Structures similar to human C5b-8 complexes were also
      visualized. The proteins found in membranes lysed by cobra plasma resembled
      closely the proteins of the human membrane attack complex in number and molecular
      weight. Cobra poly C9 that is resistant to reduction and boiling in SDS could
      also be demonstrated. These results indicate that the membrane attack complex of
      cobra complement is very similar to its mammalian counterpart.

PMID- 4018346
TI  - Transient killer cells mediating antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity to chicken
      erythrocytes in mouse spleen during post natal development.
AB  - Anti CRBC-ADCC increased in spleens of C3H/He mice from 2 weeks after birth to a
      peak value at 7-9 weeks of age and then declined to at least 17 weeks. Spleen
      cells from 8 week-old mice were fractionated by Percoll discontinuous density
      gradients and Sephadex G-10 columns. At least two cell fractions mediating ADCC
      to CRBC targets have been identified. Percoll gradient separation revealed one
      cell fraction with monocyte and another with lymphocyte morphology. The spleen
      cells adherent to Sephadex G-10 columns were responsible for most ADCC and this
      fraction accounted for the majority of killer cells at 8 weeks of age. These
      adherent cells were responsible for most superoxide anion production when
      stimulated with opsonised zymosan. The ontogenetic pattern of Sephadex-adherent
      killer cells closely resembles that for natural killer (NK) cells. This is
      discussed with regard to the probable influx of monocyte-like cells in the spleen
      during the postnatal development of mice.

PMID- 4018345
TI  - Lymphocyte requirement for the functional development of follicle-associated
      epithelium.
AB  - Follicular development in the bursa of Fabricius was disrupted by testosterone
      treatment and chorioallantoic membrane grafting. Analysis by a quantitative
      histological technique demonstrated that testosterone treatment causes a dose
      dependent delay in development by inhibiting lymphoid proliferation. Inhibition
      of lymphoid development prevented the development of carbon transport ability by
      follicle associated epithelium. Reconstitution of follicular development by
      grafting treated bursae to the chorioallantoic membrane of untreated hosts
      results in the development of functional follicle associated epithelium. These
      results establish the lymphoid requirement for the development of transport
      ability by the follicle-associated epithelium.

PMID- 4018348
TI  - Microsurgery update 1982-1984.

PMID- 4018347
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of fusion and nonfusion reaction in two colonies in
      contact of the compound ascidian, Botryllus primigenus.

PMID- 4018349
TI  - Report on surgical knives or back to the stone age!

PMID- 4018350
TI  - Hypermetropic and myopic keratokyphosis.

PMID- 4018351
TI  - Radial keratotomy.

PMID- 4018352
TI  - Argon laser trabeculoplasty in exfoliation glaucoma. A retrospective analysis.

PMID- 4018354
TI  - Technical modification in goniotomy using high viscous hyaluronic acid.

PMID- 4018353
TI  - Results of goniotrephination and of trabeculoplasty in open angle glaucoma. A
      preliminary report.

PMID- 4018356
TI  - Partial excision of the ciliary body in cases of severe secondary glaucoma.

PMID- 4018355
TI  - The glaucoma triple procedure.

PMID- 4018357
TI  - Closed microsurgery in the treatment of congenital cataracts.

PMID- 4018358
TI  - Surgery for Peters' anomaly.

PMID- 4018359
TI  - Cataract surgery following perforating injuries.

PMID- 4018360
TI  - Management of the posterior capsule.

PMID- 4018361
TI  - Complications of posterior chamber lenses.

PMID- 4018362
TI  - New aspects of pseudophakos fixation.

PMID- 4018363
TI  - Surgical revision of vitreous and iris-incarceration in persisting cystoid
      maculopathy (Hruby-Irvine-Gass-syndrome)--report on 27 eyes.

PMID- 4018364
TI  - Surgery of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

PMID- 4018365
TI  - IOMSG microscope report 1984.

PMID- 4018366
TI  - Autonomic nervous dysfunction in severe pre-eclampsia.
AB  - We evaluated autonomic nervous function in 14 subjects with severe pre-eclampsia
      and 11 subjects with normal third-trimester pregnancies using standard
      cardiovascular tests, i.e. heart rate responses to deep breathing and standing
      up, and blood pressure response to standing up. Both of the heart rate responses
      were lower in subjects with severe pre-eclampsia than in the control group (P
      less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001, respectively). Four subjects with severe
      pre-eclampsia had postural hypotension, defined as a systolic blood pressure fall
      of at least 30 mmHg on standing. Our results show that severe pre-eclampsia may
      be associated with autonomic nervous dysfunction. The inability to regulate heart
      rate and blood pressure in response to postural alterations may compromise the
      placental and renal blood flow in certain conditions, emphasising the importance
      of bed rest in severe pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 4018367
TI  - The management of labor in high myopic patients.
AB  - The routine in our department for years used to be: prevention of bearing down
      during the end of the 2nd stage of labor in high myopic parturients, by forceps
      delivery, with the assumption that this will prevent increased intraocular
      pressure--thus preventing deterioration or increased damage to the eyes. The goal
      of this study was to challenge our theory and thus we decided to re-evaluate this
      approach. Various obstetrical data were recorded in 50 women with myopia from 4.5
      to 15.0 diopters who were admitted in labor to our department. Fundus examination
      was performed in all of them before and after delivery. Various types of retinal
      degeneration and retinal breaks were observed in most of them at their arrival
      but no deterioration of these retinal defects was observed in any of the cases at
      the later examination. In view of our results, it is recommended to let high
      myopic patients deliver spontaneously.

PMID- 4018368
TI  - Primary leiomyosarcoma of the vagina.
AB  - A case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the vagina is described and discussed. The
      tumor recurred and the patient died 8.5 years after the diagnosis and primary
      treatment. This is the longest survival time reported in the literature for a
      primary vaginal leiomyosarcoma.

PMID- 4018369
TI  - Congenital afibrinogenemia and recurrent early abortion: a case report.
AB  - The role of the fibrinogen molecule in the maintenance of normal pregnancy is not
      yet well understood; however, several cases have been previously reported in
      which failure to complete normal pregnancy was associated with either
      hypofibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia, or deficiency in factor XIII (fibrin
      stabilizing factor) which is important for the crosslinking of the fibrin. A case
      of congenital afibrinogenemia is described. The patient, a 22-yr-old woman, who
      suffered from a moderate hemorrhagic tendency associated with very low (less than
      10 mg/dl) plasma fibrinogen levels, had three consecutive spontaneous abortions.
      In view of the previous cases reported, the question is raised whether patients
      with low or abnormal fibrinogen should be treated with plasma transfusions in
      order to maintain a normal pregnancy.

PMID- 4018371
TI  - Proceedings of the symposium, Monoclonal antibodies in gynecologic oncology.

PMID- 4018370
TI  - An acardiac acephalic monster.
AB  - A case of an acardiac acephalic monster is described, and the literature
      concerning the incidence, classification and etiology of acardia is reviewed.
      Acardia is a very rare congenital anomaly occurring in less than 1 in 34600
      deliveries. The acardiac monster has been reported only in multiple,
      monochorionic pregnancies. This bizarre anomalous fetus is sustained in utero by
      parasitic anastomoses to the circulation of its usually normal co-twin and is
      therefore not compatible with extrauterine survival. Possibilities for prenatal
      diagnosis and complications during pregnancy and delivery are considered.

PMID- 4018373
TI  - Use of the CA 125 antigen in diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 4018372
TI  - Use of intermediate filament antibodies in the differential diagnosis of
      gynecological neoplasia.

PMID- 4018374
TI  - In vitro serum assay for breast cancer monitoring.

PMID- 4018375
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in gynecological oncology: facts and future.

PMID- 4018376
TI  - Inverse ratio of hCG in peritoneal fluid to that in serum in normal and tubal
      pregnancies.
AB  - The ratio of hCG in peritoneal fluid (PF) to that in serum (S) was studied in 60
      patients with normal pregnancies (5th-15th wk of gestation = control group) and
      in 12 tubal pregnancies, 7 tubal abortions (5th-10th wk of amenorrhea) and one
      case of an early interstitial pregnancy (8th wk). The PF level in the control
      group was in every patient lower than in S independent of the gestational age.
      The ratio PF to S ranged from 0.24 to 0.87 (mean +/- S.E.: 0.51 +/- 0.02). In
      contrast to this, the patients with tubal pregnancy and tubal abortion showed in
      each case higher PF levels than in S. The ratio in the group with tubal pregnancy
      ranged from 1.1 to 374 (54 +/- 30) and in the group with tubal abortion from 1.2
      to 162 (33 +/- 23). The difference in the ratio between the control group and
      both tubal pregnancy and tubal abortion was highly significant (P less than
      0.001). The ratio of PF to S in the patient with interstitial pregnancy (0.73)
      did not differ from the control group. At the time of investigation, the S levels
      in all but 2 patients with ectopic pregnancy were below the range for normal
      pregnancy of the same gestational age. These findings indicate that the hCG ratio
      of PF to S may be dependent on the location of the gestational product.

PMID- 4018377
TI  - Twin pregnancy: case reports illustrating variations in transfusion syndrome.
AB  - The twin transfusion syndrome is diagnosed in 5.5% to 14.6% of monochorionic
      twins and the classical picture reveals a small anemic donor and a large
      plethoric recipient. Many other clinical discrepancies have been described.
      Today, by ultrasound it is possible to diagnose the syndrome in (early)
      pregnancy. In these case reports different clinical pictures and the importance
      of ultrasound are described. In twin pregnancies repeated ultrasound examinations
      should be considered with the consequences of vascular anastomoses.

PMID- 4018378
TI  - Perinatal mortality in breech presentations as compared to vertex presentations
      in singleton pregnancies: an analysis based upon 57819 computer-registered
      pregnancies in The Netherlands.
AB  - In 1982, nationwide registration of obstetric data was instituted in The
      Netherlands with about 70% of all Dutch hospitals participating. The resultant
      data from 57819 singleton pregnancies in vertex or breech presentation at
      delivery was studied. The vertex and breech groups were compared. The proportion
      of breech presentations relative to vertex presentations was greater in low
      gestational age infants and those of low birthweight. After correction for
      gestational age and birthweight, the perinatal mortality was higher in the breech
      groups than in the vertex groups. Congenital malformations occurred more
      frequently in the breech group but, even after exclusion of infants with
      congenital malformations, perinatal mortality remained higher in the breech group
      at any gestational age. Caesarean section was more frequently performed in the
      breech group than in the vertex group but did not appear to improve the outcome
      of breech presentation. It is possible that breech presentation is not
      coincidental but is a consequence of poor fetal quality, in which case medical
      intervention is unlikely to reduce the perinatal mortality associated with breech
      presentation to the level associated with vertex presentation.

PMID- 4018379
TI  - Limited proteolysis of enzymes: the generation of functionally modified
      derivatives in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 4018380
TI  - Control of ornithine decarboxylase in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium
      discoideum.

PMID- 4018381
TI  - Bacterial polyamines, structures and biosynthesis.

PMID- 4018382
TI  - Polyamine metabolism in mammalian cells in culture.

PMID- 4018383
TI  - The identification and characterization of a polyamine-accumulation system in the
      lung.

PMID- 4018384
TI  - The application of some newer aspects of immunoassay to clinical endocrinology.

PMID- 4018385
TI  - Cellulose hydrolysis: the potential, the problems and relevant research at
      Galway.

PMID- 4018386
TI  - Properties of cellulolytic enzyme systems.

PMID- 4018387
TI  - Regulation of cellulase biosynthesis and secretion in fungi.

PMID- 4018388
TI  - Rat brain differentiation antigens.

PMID- 4018389
TI  - Kynurenine hydroxylase: a potential rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan
      metabolism.

PMID- 4018390
TI  - Flavin-dependent hydroxylases.

PMID- 4018391
TI  - Factors affecting the oral absorption of esterified antibiotics.

PMID- 4018392
TI  - The use of controlled-release glass for the controlled delivery of bioactive
      materials.
AB  - CRG can provide a useful supplement to other methods of controlled delivery. Some
      advantages of this approach are: The constituents of the CRG can be limited to
      biologically safe ionic species such as Na+, Ca2+ and PO4(3-). The release system
      is completely soluble in water and no residue remains. There is no evidence of
      any mechanism for biodegradation of the CRG and so one possible cause of
      premature or accelerated release is eliminated. The absolute release rate can be
      selected anywhere in a spectrum covering several orders of magnitude and the rate
      controlling process has zero-order kinetics. The release rate can be selected to
      be pH-sensitive or pH-independent. Complex temporal release-rate patterns can be
      obtained readily by the choice of geometrical shape or composition profile of the
      device. The controlled release of organics or other heat-sensitive materials
      which cannot be incorporated in the glass can be realized by the use of composite
      structures in which the CRG is the rate-controlling constituent. A number of
      different functions can be performed by a single CRG-based device. For example,
      CRG can be used as a biomedical resorbable material in surgery and the CRG
      structural component can release an AM as it dissolves. Similarly the CRG of the
      sinter-composite used for organic AM release can itself release any selected
      inorganic adjuvant. CRG boluses containing either copper or cobalt and weighing
      approx. either 70 g or 15 g, have been administered to both cattle and sheep.
      More than 90% of the boluses remained either in the reticulum of trace element
      remained after dosing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018393
TI  - Iodine content and density of thyroglobulin investigated by isopycnic
      centrifugation.
AB  - The density of in vitro iodinated thyroglobulin (Tgb) molecules, measured by
      isopycnic centrifugation, increases linearly with their iodine content. In
      contrast, the iodine to density (I:D) regression for differently iodinated native
      rat Tgbs is not constant but varies, depending on experimental conditions: For
      LID-fed rats the slope of the individual I:D regression line of each Tgb
      decreases linearly with the decreasing mean degree of iodination of the sample (r
      = 0.9104, P less than 0.01). On the other hand, in Tgb samples synthesized by
      propylthiouracil-blocked glands, the I:D regression is no longer linear. Rather,
      a bimodal pattern is obtained revealing a preexisting highly iodinated Tgb pool
      together with newly synthesized, non-iodinated protein. The results indicate: (a)
      the mean degree of iodination of a native Tgb cannot be estimated accurately if
      only its mean density is known, and (b) the degree of heterogeneity of iodination
      is identical for any in vivo produced Tgb sample with the same iodine content.

PMID- 4018394
TI  - Evidence for the specific binding of growth hormone to a receptor-like protein in
      rabbit serum.
AB  - The binding in vitro of 125I-human or bovine growth hormone (GH) to normal female
      rabbit serum has been studied using gel filtration to separate bound and free
      hormone. On Ultrogel AcA34 columns, a substantial peak of specific 125I-GH
      binding was observed at a MW approximately 120 000. This peak was not
      precipitable by 12.5% polyethylene glycol, a method used widely for solubilized
      hormone receptors. Assuming a 1:1 binding stoichiometry between GH (MW 21 000)
      and the binding protein, the MW of the binding protein would be approximately 100
      000. Gel filtration of serum alone, followed by assessment of 125I-hGH binding in
      column fractions, indicated the binding protein had a similar MW (83 000-107
      000). Specific binding of 125I-hGH was dependent on incubation time (equilibrium
      being reached in 2 h at 21 degrees C), Ca2+ concentration (0.5-2.0 mM) and serum
      concentration (a 1:5 dilution of serum giving 45.2 +/- 1.7% specific binding;
      mean +/- SE, n = 10). Binding was completely reversible (t 1/2 approximately 1.5
      h) and specific for somatotrophic but not lactogenic hormones. Scatchard analysis
      revealed linear plots with a Ka 1.59 +/- 0.11 X 10(9) M-1 and capacity 3700
      fmol/ml serum. The presence in rabbit serum of a high affinity, GH-specific,
      binding protein raises important questions regarding its identity and possible
      physiological role in modulating the delivery and/or activity of GH in vivo.

PMID- 4018395
TI  - Thyroxine-induced changes in rat liver mitochondrial cytochromes.
AB  - The effects of 10 days of thyroxine injection (15 micrograms/100 g body weight)
      on rat liver mitochondrial cytochrome concentration and on the percent reduction
      of the individual cytochromes during succinate-driven state III and IV
      respiration was spectrophotometrically determined at cytochrome-specific wave
      length pairs. The concentrations of cytochromes b, c, total c (c + c1) and a a3
      increased in hyperthyroid rats. The concentration of cytochrome c1 remained
      constant in euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats. Changes in the concentration of the
      membrane-bound cytochromes were also determined by difference spectra in
      cytochrome c-depleted mitochondrial membranes. Cytochromes b and a a3 showed
      increased concentrations in hyperthyroid rats while the concentration of
      cytochrome c1 remained unchanged. Hyperthyroid mitochondria showed increased
      reduction of cytochromes b, c1, c and total c during state III respiration and
      cytochromes c1, c, and total c during state IV respiration. The percent reduction
      of cytochrome b decreased during state IV respiration in the hyperthyroid
      mitochondria. These results suggest that the increase in respiration observed in
      the hyperthyroid state may be related to changes both in the mitochondrial
      cytochrome concentration and in the cytochrome reduction level.

PMID- 4018396
TI  - Weak androgen reduces the rate constant of beta-glucuronidase induction.
AB  - Administration of androgen to mice induces kidney beta-glucuronidase. Measuring
      beta-glucuronidase activity, rate of beta-glucuronidase synthesis, beta
      glucuronidase mRNA activity and beta-glucuronidase mRNA concentration, the time
      course of induction was compared using a strong androgen, dihydrotestosterone
      (DHT), and a weakly androgenic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA).
      Using MPA resulted in a longer lag, a 3-4-fold slower rate of induction as
      defined by the forward rate constant, ka, a lower final extent of induction, and
      a slightly lower turnover constant, kb. Differences in kinetics of induction were
      consistent for all 4 measured parameters, and mimicked previously described
      genetic differences in these rate constants. The coordinate induction of beta
      glucuronidase protein and beta-glucuronidase mRNA indicates that the response to
      androgen is regulated at a pre-translational level. That substitution of MPA for
      DHT decreases ka, rather than increasing kb, suggests that induction of beta
      glucuronidase follows an increased rate of mRNA synthesis rather than a decreased
      rate of mRNA turnover. Finally, the results are consistent with a model in which
      the kinetic constants for beta-glucuronidase induction are dependent on the
      concentration of receptor molecules in the active conformational state.

PMID- 4018398
TI  - Identification of specific binding sites for acetylated low density lipoprotein
      in microvillous membranes from human placenta.
AB  - The ability of microvillous membranes isolated from human placenta to
      specifically bind human low density lipoprotein (LDL) modified by acetic
      anhydride has been investigated. The presence of saturable high affinity binding
      sites specific for [125I]acetyl-LDL was demonstrated. Scatchard analysis of the
      binding data, obtained at 4 degrees C, revealed a single class of sites with a
      mean KD value of 3.63 +/- 1.16 micrograms acetyl-LDL protein/ml, and a maximal
      binding capacity of 335.1 +/- 148.8 ng acetyl-LDL protein/mg of membrane protein.
      At 37 degrees C, the binding capacity was increased, while the KD value was not
      modified. The specificity of these binding sites was assessed by competition
      studies: unlabelled acetyl-LDL were effective competitors, whereas native LDL,
      VLDL and HDL3 were ineffective. Conversely, unlabelled acetyl-LDL failed to
      prevent the binding of native [125I]LDL to placental microvilli. The [125I]acetyl
      LDL binding was partially inhibited (about 35%) by dextran sulfate and fucoidin,
      and was abolished by a pretreatment of the microvillous membranes with pronase.
      The binding sites specific for acetyl-LDL are present during all the gestation
      and are distinctly different from the binding sites for native LDL, previously
      characterized in placental microvilli. These 2 types of binding sites may be
      related to the high amount of cholesterol required by the human placenta for
      progesterone synthesis and trophoblastic growth.

PMID- 4018397
TI  - Relation between thyroid peroxidase, H2O2 generating system and NADPH-dependent
      reductase activities in thyroid particulate fractions.
AB  - In thyroid gland, iodination takes place on the apical plasma membrane and
      requires the presence of the thyroid peroxidase and H2O2 generating system. H2O2
      generation and NBT (nitro blue tetrazolium) reductase activity (both of which are
      NADPH-dependent) as well as peroxidase activity were compared for their
      respective orientations in membrane vesicles. The possible role of NADPH-NBT
      reductase activity in H2O2 generation was also examined. Results favor the
      conclusion that thyroid peroxidase is oriented towards the luminal side of the
      vesicles, whereas the NADPH site of NADPH oxidase-dependent H2O2 generation is
      located on the external side of the same or of different vesicles. Furthermore,
      it is shown that different NADPH-NBT reductase activities are present on both the
      outer and inner surfaces of the membrane vesicles, and that none of these
      activities is able to produce either H2O2 or O-2. The idea that a multi-component
      complex is involved in H2O2 generation is discussed, and a model is proposed
      which takes into account the possible spatial separation of the thyroid
      peroxidase site from the NADPH site of this H2O2 generation system on the apical
      membrane of the thyrocyte.

PMID- 4018399
TI  - Isolation and characterization of osteogenic cells derived from first bone of the
      embryonic tibia.
AB  - Osteogenesis in the embryonic long bone rudiment occurs initially within an outer
      periosteal membrane and subsequently inside the cartilaginous core as a
      consequence of the endochondral ossification process. In order to investigate the
      development of these two different mechanisms of bone formation, embryonic chick
      tibial cell isolates were prepared from sites of first periosteal bone formation
      and from the immediately underlying hypertrophic cartilaginous core region. Mid
      diaphyseal periosteal collars and the corresponding cartilage core were
      microdissected free from Hamburger-Hamilton stage 35 (Day 9) chick tibias and
      separately digested with a trypsin-collagenase enzyme mixture. The released cell
      populations were cultivated in vitro and characterized by morphological analysis,
      histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red S staining for
      mineral deposition, growth rate [( 3H]thymidine uptake), and proteoglycan
      content. Results of these studies showed that periosteal collar cell cultures
      form nodule-like structures that stain positive with alkaline phosphatase and
      alizarin red S. Light and electron microscopic observation revealed cell and
      matrix morphologies similar to that of intact periosteum. The nodules were
      composed of plump cell types embedded within a mineralized matrix surrounded by a
      fibroblastic cell layer. Core cartilage cell cultures displayed typical
      characteristics of the hypertrophic state in their visual appearance and
      proteoglycan composition. The formation of osseous-like structures in periosteal
      collar cell cultures but not in core chondrocyte cell cultures demonstrates the
      relatively autonomous nature of intramembranous ossification while emphasizing
      the dependence of the endochondral ossification process upon an intact
      vascularized environment present in the developing tibia.

PMID- 4018400
TI  - Growth regulation of the interstitial cell population in hydra. I. Evidence for
      global control by nerve cells in the head.
AB  - The interstitial cells of hydra form a multipotent stem cell system, producing
      terminally differentiated nerve cells and nematocytes during asexual growth.
      Under well-fed conditions the interstitial cell population doubles in size every
      4 days. We have investigated the possible role of nerve cells in regulating this
      behavior. Nerve cells are normally found in highest concentrations in the head
      region of hydra, while interstitial cells are primarily located in the body
      column. Our experimental approach was to construct, by grafting, animals in which
      the density of nerve cells varied in (1) the head region, or (2) the body column.
      The growth of the interstitial cell population was then measured in these hydra.
      The results indicate that differences in head nerve cell density are closely
      correlated with how fast the interstitial cell population increases in size.
      Variations in the level of either nerve cells or interstitial cells in the body
      column showed no such correlation. These findings suggest the existence of a
      signaling mechanism in the head region. This signal, which is a function of the
      density of head nerve cells, emanates from the head tissue and exerts global
      control on the growth of the interstitial cell population in the body column.

PMID- 4018401
TI  - Spermatogenesis in Hydra oligactis. I. Morphological description and
      characterization using a monoclonal antibody specific for cells of the
      spermatogenic pathway.
AB  - A morphological description of cells participating in sperm formation in Hydra
      oligactis males using a maceration procedure is presented. These descriptions are
      corroborated by the use of a monoclonal antibody, AC2, that binds to both a
      subpopulation of interstitial cells that appears to participate exclusively in
      gamete formation, and to all the gamete-differentiation products, including sperm
      intermediate cells, spermatids, and sperm. Use of the antibody as an interstitial
      cell marker has allowed an analysis of the behavior of the gamete-precursor
      (AC2+) subpopulation of interstitial cells during the asexual state and the early
      stages of gamete formation, when no differentiating sperm intermediates are
      present. The results indicate there is a gamete-producing subpopulation of
      interstitial cells which is present in low numbers in asexual males and undergoes
      extensive growth following the onset of spermatogenesis to give rise to sperm
      intermediate cells, and, eventually, the sperm. No input from the AC2-
      interstitial cells is required to account for this growth or subsequent sperm
      production. We speculate that the AC2+ interstitial cells may represent a unique
      subpopulation which is developmentally restricted to sperm production.

PMID- 4018402
TI  - Gametic and pleiotropic defects in mouse fetuses with Hertwig's macrocytic
      anemia.
AB  - Pleiotropic effects on germ cell number, hematologic status, and body size are
      described in 12- to 15-day WBB6F1 normal (+/-) and defective (an/an) mouse
      fetuses, with special emphasis on gametogenesis. Differences between genotypes
      were apparent by Day 12. At 12 days, normal testes contained many germ cells and
      frequent normal mitoses, and the number of germ cells increased rapidly from Day
      12 to Day 15. By contrast, 12-day an/an testes contained fewer germ cells,
      frequently degenerating, and many abnormal mitoses. Their number of germ cells
      decreased rapidly, so that almost none persisted to Day 15. Normal ovaries
      contained many germ cells, with much normal mitosis on Day 12 and 13, followed by
      meioses, but the smaller an/an ovaries contained few germ cells, with little
      mitosis, some meiosis, and very much degeneration. The erythrocyte counts of both
      normal and anemic fetuses increased approximately fourfold between 12 and 15
      days, but at comparable ages, total counts were always lower in an/an fetuses
      than in normal littermates. At all ages, Hertwig's anemic (an/an) fetuses were
      somewhat smaller than their normal littermates. Although both W/Wv and Sl/Sld
      mice also show macrocytic anemia and germ cell failure, the great difference in
      etiology of their germ cell defects indicates that an/an gene action must be
      qualitatively different from that in either W/Wv or Sl/Sld mice.

PMID- 4018403
TI  - Specific cellular expression of monoamine oxidase B during early stages of quail
      embryogenesis.
AB  - Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) is one of two distinct molecular forms of MAO that in
      part regulate the cellular levels of biogenic amines. In order to determine
      whether discrete cell populations known to express aminergic properties in the
      vertebrate embryo also express MAO-B, the distribution of MAO-B-immunoreactive
      cells was examined in early developing quail embryos. Two major patterns of
      staining emerge. First, tissues known to express several aminergic
      characteristics are initially MAO-B positive at early stages of development and
      continue to express immunoreactivity through Zacchei stage 20, the oldest stage
      examined. These include cells of the sympathetic and some cranial and trunk
      sensory ganglia (beginning at stage 13), the pancreas (stage 14), and the brain
      stem raphe (stage 14). Second, other structures that contain or accumulate
      biogenic amines are transiently MAO-B immunopositive during early stages of
      development. These tissues include extraembryonic yolk sac and presumptive gut
      endoderm (with most intense staining between stages 8 and 13), the ventral trunk
      neural tube (stages 14 and 16), and the notochord (stages 8-10). MAO-B
      immunoreactivity disappears from these regions at different stages, and none are
      MAO-B positive by stage 19-20. Other structures without known aminergic
      properties during early development also stain; these include liver (stage 20),
      mesenchymal cells that surround the Wolffian duct and lung buds (stages 14 and
      18), and endothelial cells surrounding the dorsal aorta (stages 14 and 20). In
      general, however, MAO-B appears to be distributed in embryonic tissues that can
      use this enzyme to regulate biogenic amine levels either transiently or during
      initial phenotypic expression of aminergic traits.

PMID- 4018404
TI  - Increased endocytosis of acetylcholine receptors by dystrophic mouse myotubes in
      vitro.
AB  - Multinucleated myotubes, grown in vitro from satellite cells of dystrophic mice
      (C57BL/6J/dydy) exhibit a reduced sensitivity to ACh. This reduction correlates
      with a reduced density of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (125I-BTX) binding sites on the
      surface of dystrophic myotubes. Denervated adult muscle fibers from dystrophic
      mice respond to Ach similarly to denervated normal muscle fibers. Furthermore,
      cultured dystrophic myotubes, treated with a brain extract which induces AChR
      clusterization, still show an impaired response to ACh and reduced 125I-BTX
      binding. Thus AChR function appears altered in dystrophic muscle cells in culture
      while it appears normal in dystrophic adult muscle, regardless of whether the
      receptors are dispersed on the membrane or clustered at the junctional site.
      Metabolic studies on the reduced AChR level in dystrophic myotubes revealed a
      dramatically reduced half-life (2 vs 10 hr) while the rate of synthesis was
      unchanged. An increased rate of internalization of AChR was observed in
      dystrophic myotubes with a corresponding relative increase of the "hidden AChR
      pool," which could be partially reduced by agents which disrupt the cytoskeleton.
      No structural alterations could be detected on the AChR molecule as its
      sedimentation coefficient and subunit composition appeared identical between
      normal and dystrophic myotubes. Thus the increased turnover of AChR in dystrophic
      myotubes either reflects subtle alterations of the molecule or a more generalized
      increase of endocytosis in this form of myopathy.

PMID- 4018405
TI  - Nerve growth factor-independent development of embryonic mouse sympathetic
      neurons in dissociated cell culture.
AB  - Although ganglia from neonatal mouse sympathetic ganglia require nerve growth
      factor (NGF) for survival in culture, explanted sympathetic ganglia from early
      embryonic stages do not require added NGF for survival and growth. To determine
      whether the change in growth factor requirement is due to changes in the neurons
      themselves, to variations in neuronal populations, or to changes in nonneuronal
      cells, we examined the response to growth factors by dissociated sympathetic
      neurons at various stages of development. Results indicate that neurons from the
      14-day gestational (E14) superior cervical ganglion (SCG) do not require NGF for
      initial survival and neurite extension, but do require the conditioned medium
      neurite extension factor, CMF. By 2 to 3 days thereafter, whether in vivo or in
      culture, most neurons have developed a requirement for NGF for survival in
      culture. During the same period, there is a concomitant increase in
      responsiveness to NGF alone as a trophic agent. Changes in response to NGF are
      not due to changes in NGF content of ganglia, to interactions in culture with
      nonneuronal cells, or to age-related differences in NGF requirements for maximum
      survival. The changes in growth factor requirements may be related to mechanisms
      regulating specificity of nerve-target connections.

PMID- 4018406
TI  - Mapping of the early neural primordium in quail-chick chimeras. I. Developmental
      relationships between placodes, facial ectoderm, and prosencephalon.
AB  - Defined fragments of the anterolateral neural ridge and of the associated region
      of the neural plate of presomitic to three-somite stage quail embryos were
      grafted isotopically and isochronically into chick hosts. This resulted in the
      development of apparently normal brain and facial structures to which the
      contribution of the grafted tissue could be observed by means of the quail
      nuclear marker. It was shown that the anterolateral neural ridge contains the
      progenitor cells of the adenohypophyseal and olfactory placodes and also of the
      superficial ectoderm lining the nasal cavity and conchae and the superficial
      ectoderm of the beak. When the appropriate region of the neural ridge was
      involved in the quail-chick substitution, the egg tooth was made up of graft
      derived cells. Grafting of the neural plate area adjacent to the "ridge"
      territory containing the placodal ectoderm revealed that the presumptive region
      of the hypothalamus is in contiguity with that of the adenohypophyseal placode.
      The same observation was made for the olfactory placode and the floor of the
      telencephalon from which the olfactive bulb later develops.

PMID- 4018407
TI  - Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer
      enzyme. II. The 16- and 32-cell stages.
AB  - Cell lineages during development of ascidian embryos were analyzed by injecting
      horseradish peroxidase as a tracer enzyme into identified cells of the 16-cell
      and 32-cell stage embryos of Halocynthia roretzi. Most of the blastomeres of
      these embryos developed more kinds of tissues than have hitherto been reported,
      and therefore, the developmental fates of each blastomere are more complex. It
      has been thought that every blastomere of the 64-cell stage ascidian embryo gives
      rise to only one kind of tissues, but the finding that the several blastomeres at
      the 32-cell stage developed into at least three different kinds of tissues,
      clearly indicates that the stage at which the fates of every blastomere are
      determined to one tissue is later than the 64-cell stage. The results also
      clearly demonstrate that muscle cells are derived not only from B-line cells
      (B5.1, B5.2, B6.3, and B6.4) but also from A-line cells (A5.2 and A6.4) and b
      line cells (b5.3 and b6.5). Based on the present analysis as well as other
      studies, complete cell lineages of muscle cells up to their terminal
      differentiation have been proposed. In addition, lineages of nervous system,
      notochord, and epidermis are also discussed.

PMID- 4018408
TI  - Development of electrical rhythmic activity in early embryonic cultured chick
      double-heart monitored optically with a voltage-sensitive dye.
AB  - Double-hearted embryos were produced by whole-embryo culture of chick embryos
      which were microsurgically cut through the tissue of the anterior intestinal
      portal at the 1- to 6-somite developmental stage, at the time when the cardiac
      primordia have not yet fused in the bulboventricular region. The cultured embryos
      were removed from an incubator usually at the 7- to 10-somite stages of
      development, and then spontaneous electrical action potentials and/or
      contractions were optically recorded simultaneously from both the right and left
      half-hearts, using a 10 X 10- element photodiode matrix array together with a
      voltage-sensitive merocyanine-rhodanine dye (NK 2761). At the 7- to 8-somite
      stages, spontaneous action potentials were detected from bilateral prebeating
      half-hearts or sometimes from one half-heart. In each half-heart, the first
      spontaneous beating was often observed in the half-heart of the 9 somite embryos.
      In the beating half-hearts regular activity was always observed, while in the
      prebeating half-hearts at the 7- to 8-somite stages, both the regular and
      irregular rhythms of action potentials were detected, and the incidence of
      occurrence of regular activity significantly outnumbered that of the irregular
      rhythm. The heart rate in the left half-heart was faster than that in the right
      half-heart in the great majority of the prebeating and beating double-hearted
      embryos.

PMID- 4018409
TI  - Analysis of the origins and early fates of neural crest cells in caudal regions
      of avian embryos.
AB  - Holmdahl divided vertebrate embryogenesis into two phases called primary and
      secondary body development. Three primary germ layers are delineated during
      primary body development and undergo morphogenesis to form primary organ
      rudiments. In contrast, during secondary body development, the tail bud (a
      mesenchymal mass of cells located at the caudal end of the embryo and derived
      principally from Hensen's node) directly forms secondary organ rudiments. We have
      been testing Holmdahl's concept of primary and secondary body development by
      mapping the embryonic structures that originate from the tail bud. In the present
      study, we examined the origins of neural crest cells in caudal regions of avian
      embryos and observed two populations: primary neural crest cells derived from
      ectoderm and secondary neural crest cells derived from tail bud. Both types of
      neural crest cells originate locally, and little or no displacement of these
      cells occurs along the longitudinal axis. Some secondary neural crest cells seem
      to colonize the surface epithelium, forming a mosaic derived from both ectoderm
      and tail bud. Other secondary neural crest cells form spinal ganglia,
      differentiating as sensory neurons, satellite cells, and Schwann cells. Despite
      their strikingly different origins and locations, primary and secondary neural
      crest cells give rise to similar structures.

PMID- 4018410
TI  - Major protein changes during vitellogenesis and maturation of Fundulus oocytes.
AB  - The protein content of various size follicles was measured in Fundulus
      heteroclitus and indicated four phases of increase relative to follicle volume:
      Phases I (previtellogenic; estimated to be less than 0.01 mg/mm3), II
      (vitellogenic; 0.20 mg/mm3), III (early maturation; 0.03 mg/mm3), and IV (late
      maturation; 0 mg/mm3). A pronounced and rapid size increase occurs during
      maturation due to hydration, but protein uptake, which was also documented
      cytologically, contributes to about 16% of the volume increment during early
      maturation. Protein incorporation appears to stop abruptly at the time of
      germinal vesicle breakdown, most likely reflecting an altered physiological state
      of the oocyte. SDS-polacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of various size
      follicles indicated that five major protein bands (molecular weights = 122, 103,
      45, 26, and 20 k) accumulate during vitellogenesis and presumably are
      proteolytically derived from a 200-kDa vitellogenin precursor. During maturation,
      the 122- and 45-kDa proteins disappear and several new, lower molecular weight
      bands appear. Proteolysis of specific yolk proteins may thus help generate part
      of the osmotic pressure gradient required for water uptake during oocyte
      maturation.

PMID- 4018411
TI  - Differential participation of ventral and dorsolateral mesoderms in the
      hemopoiesis of Xenopus, as revealed in diploid-triploid or interspecific
      chimeras.
AB  - The thymocytes in the early larvae of Xenopus laevis have been shown to be
      derived from precursor cells immigrating interstitially through the mesenchyme
      into the organ rudiments at 3-4 days of age (Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 42-45).
      Orthotopic grafting of diploid tissues onto triploid stage 22 embryos followed by
      ploidy analyses of their hemopoietic cells revealed that both thymocytes and
      erythrocytes in early larvae are derived from the ventral blood islands (VBI),
      whereas those in late larvae and adults come mainly from the dorsolateral plate
      (DLP). To study how the VBI cells of embryos at stage 22 participate in
      hemopoiesis, a number of interspecific chimeras were produced in X. laevis and X.
      borealis embryos. Sections of the chimeras at various developmental stages were
      examined by employing the unique stainability of X. borealis nuclei to quinacrine
      as a marker; the results show that the VBI-derived cells enter into the
      circulation around stage 35/36, and that some of them leave the blood vessels to
      migrate interstitially through the mesenchyme toward the thymic rudiment during
      stages 43-45. A minor population of the VBI-derived cells was also found
      extravascularly in the mesonephric primordia. In contrast to the VBI, the DLP
      derived cells contributed to the hemopoietic cell population not in early larvae,
      but in late ones as a major constituent in the mesonephros, thymus, liver, and
      peripheral blood.

PMID- 4018412
TI  - Hormonal regulation of dopa decarboxylase during a larval molt.
AB  - Cuticular sclerotization in insects requires dopamine derivatives and thus the
      presence of dopa decarboxylase (DDC), the enzyme which converts dopa to dopamine.
      During the last half of the larval molt of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta,
      beginning at 16 hr after head capsule slippage, the epidermal DDC activity
      increased fourfold. By contrast, allatectomized larvae which were destined to
      produce a melanized cuticle showed a sevenfold increase. This increase in DDC
      activity was prevented by infusion of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) into the larva,
      indicating that the fall of the ecdysteroid titer is necessary for the increase.
      In vitro 20HE also prevented the increase in a dose-dependent manner when the
      epidermis was explanted at 16 hr after head capsule slippage but had less effect
      on epidermis explanted 3 hr later. Both 5 micrograms/ml alpha-amanitin and 100
      micrograms/ml cycloheximide also prevented the increase. Application of juvenile
      hormone I showed that the critical period for determination of the level of the
      later increase in DDC activity was about 4 hr after head capsule slippage at the
      peak of the ecdysteroid titer. Apparently then the rise and fall of ecdysteroid
      regulate different aspects of DDC synthesis, the rise determining its later
      appearance and the fall timing this appearance.

PMID- 4018413
TI  - Regulation of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase-1 synthesis during development in
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - The cellular specific activity of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase-1 increases
      dramatically during development in Dictyostelium discoideum. alpha-Mannosidase-1
      is composed of two subunits (Mr = 58,000 and 60,000) which are derived from a
      common precursor polypeptide (Mr = 140,000). Using enzyme-specific monoclonal
      antibodies we have determined that throughout development (a) the relative rate
      of precursor biosynthesis closely parallels the rate of accumulation of cellular
      enzyme activity and (b) the newly synthesized precursor is efficiently processed
      to mature enzyme (t1/2 less than 10 min). This indicates that the developmental
      accumulation of alpha-mannosidase-1 activity is primarily controlled by de novo
      enzyme synthesis. Furthermore, the change in the relative rate of enzyme
      precursor synthesis can be accounted for by an increase in the cellular level of
      functional alpha-mannosidase-1 mRNA during development.

PMID- 4018414
TI  - Phosphate transport by jejunal brush border membrane vesicles of the streptozocin
      diabetic rat.
AB  - We studied the effects of acute diabetes mellitus on jejunal transport of
      phosphate (32P) by rat brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) using a Millipore
      filtration technique. Diabetes was induced by an intravenous (i.v.) injection of
      50 mg/kg of streptozocin (STZ). Control and diabetic rats were studied 4 days
      after the induction of diabetes. In both control and diabetic rats, the presence
      of a sodium gradient significantly enhanced the uptake of 32P at 20 s and at 1,
      2, 5, and 60 min as compared with potassium gradient conditions. Na+-dependent
      32P uptake at 20 s and at 1 and 2 min was significantly greater in the diabetic
      BBMV compared with controls. Na+-independent 32P uptake in both diabetic and
      control BBMV was similar. To determine whether the enhancement of Na+-dependent
      32P uptake in diabetic BBMV is due to an induction of Na+/phosphate cotransporter
      activity, or a change in Na+ permeability, two additional studies were conducted.
      Trans-stimulation studies nullifying all electrochemical gradients across the
      membranes were performed. In diabetic BBMV, 32P uptake at all time points was
      significantly greater than corresponding values in controls, indicating an
      increase in the activity of Na+/phosphate cotransporters. 22Na uptake into BBMV
      at 30 s and at 1, 2, and 60 min was not different between diabetics and controls,
      indicating that Na+ permeability is not altered in diabetes. Furthermore, kinetic
      studies using phosphate concentrations between 0.05 and 2.5 mM indicate a
      significant increase in Vmax capacity of diabetic rats compared with controls
      without a change in Km values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018415
TI  - Sequential studies of glucose tolerance and red blood cell insulin receptors in
      normal human pregnancy.
AB  - Insulin binding to erythrocytes was sequentially studied in 12 healthy pregnant
      women during the anabolic (11-22 wk) and the catabolic (31-38 wk) gestational
      phases. For comparison, we studied 12 nonpregnant subjects at mid-luteal and mid
      follicular menstrual phases. Oral glucose tolerance tests were also performed
      during these studies. There was a progressive worsening of the glucose tolerance
      from the anabolic to the catabolic phase associated with fasting hypoglycemia and
      hyperinsulinemia. The worsening of glucose tolerance was accompanied by a
      progressive increment of insulin secretion. Insulin binding to red blood cells
      increased progressively from the anabolic to the catabolic phase, due to an
      increased number of receptors per cell, associated with a reduction in the
      apparent affinity at the low occupancy levels. We concluded that the insulin
      resistance of pregnancy was not accompanied by an impaired binding of insulin to
      its receptors, at least in the RBC. The data suggest that the defect of insulin
      action lies at a site distal to the receptor.

PMID- 4018416
TI  - Long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction in men with diabetes.
AB  - Men (1306) who survived a first myocardial infarction (MI) were studied. The mean
      follow-up time was 6.5 yr, and at the end of the follow-up period survival status
      was known for all patients. By the time of the MI the prevalence of diabetes was
      5.6%. Patients with and without diabetes were compared. There were no differences
      in the estimated primary or secondary risk. The cumulative survival rate 1, 2,
      and 5 yr after the MI was 82, 78, and 58% among the diabetic subjects compared
      with 94, 92, and 82% among the nondiabetic subjects (P less than 0.001). The
      difference remained even after allowance for age and estimated secondary risk in
      a multivariate regression analysis. There were no differences in mortality rates
      among patients with type I diabetes compared with type II diabetes, nor among
      patients treated with diet alone, sulfonylurea, or insulin, but the numbers were
      small. The cumulative rate of reinfarctions after 1, 2, and 5 yr was 18, 28, and
      46% in diabetic subjects and 12, 17, and 27% in nondiabetic subjects (P = 0.004).
      A history of diabetes was an independent secondary risk factor among male
      survivors of a first MI with respect to deaths and reinfarctions.

PMID- 4018417
TI  - Human insulin receptor gene. Data supporting assignment to chromosome 19.
AB  - Somatic cell hybrid clones constructed by crossing human skin fibroblasts with
      mouse L cells have been examined for expression of human insulin receptors, using
      a monoclonal antibody directed against the human insulin receptor. Data obtained
      in this study support the assignment of the human gene for the insulin receptor
      to chromosome 19.

PMID- 4018418
TI  - Proceedings of a conference on insulin pump therapy in diabetes. Multicenter
      study of effect on microvascular disease. Introduction. The Kroc Collaborative
      Study Group.

PMID- 4018419
TI  - Proceedings of a conference on insulin pump therapy in diabetes. Multicenter
      study of effect on microvascular disease. March 21-25, 1983, Santa Ynez,
      California.

PMID- 4018420
TI  - Conference on insulin pump therapy in diabetes. Multicenter study effect on
      microvascular disease. Studies of retinopathy. Methodology for assessment and
      classification with fundus photographs.
AB  - A major goal of the study was to assess the methodologies available for the
      quantification of retinal lesions suitable for application in trials of metabolic
      management. We describe the methods used for grading stereoscopic color fundus
      photographs. Overall retinopathy severity level for each eye ranging from normal
      (level 10) to high-risk category (level 70) was assigned on the basis of gradings
      of individual lesions. Change in retinopathy severity level over the 8-mo period
      was detected in 3-62% of patients, depending on the method used and the
      definition of change. Lesions responsible for change in level were mainly retinal
      infarcts (soft exudates) and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities.

PMID- 4018421
TI  - Conference on insulin pump therapy in diabetes. Multicenter study of effect on
      microvascular disease. Assessment of fluorescein angiograms.
AB  - Quantitation of the earliest changes in abnormal retinal morphology using
      fluorescein angiography is potentially superior to retinal photography. However,
      the critical importance of flawless technique, limitations in the size of the
      field available for detailed study, and observer variability constitute major
      disadvantages. A protocol describing standards of photography and of injection
      was developed. Methodology for counting microaneurysms (Ma) was developed at a
      central laboratory and applied in suitable photographs obtained at 0 (baseline),
      4, and 8 mo in 68 patients. Counts of "definite" or "possible" Ma were made on
      films projected under standard conditions by two observers known to achieve
      consistently reproducible results. Semiquantitative assessment of diffusibility
      of fluorescein reflecting capillary leakage was performed in 61 patients. Leakage
      was graded according to three degrees of severity permitting study of observer
      variation, concordance of change in pairs of eyes, and treatment effects. The
      average number of Ma at baseline was slightly higher in the continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) group than in the conventional insulin
      treatment (CIT) group, but the difference was not statistically significant at
      the 0.05 level. At both 4 and 8 mo, definite Ma were more prevalent in the CSII
      group, and the difference was statistically significant at the 0.05 level using
      both parametric and nonparametric tests. In 27 CSII and 23 CIT patients having
      complete sets of 0, 4, and 8-mo photographs, Ma counts increased during the 0-4
      mo interval. During the 4-8 mo interval, a further increase occurred in the CSII
      group but contrasted with a decrement observed in the CIT group, which showed no
      net change from baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018422
TI  - Eight-month correction of hyperglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is
      associated with a significant and sustained reduction of urinary albumin
      excretion rates in patients with microalbuminuria.
AB  - Persistent Albustix-positive proteinuria and subsequent chronic renal failure are
      frequently encountered in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Rates of
      decline of renal function may be modified by treatment of accompanying
      hypertension, but studies of the effects of long-term continuous subcutaneous
      insulin infusion (CSII) on deterioration of renal function provide no
      statistically significant evidence of benefit of near-normoglycemia. However,
      short-term studies in IDDM subjects with negative Albustix tests but
      subclinically raised levels of albumin excretion rate (AER) have shown that
      treatment with CSII significantly reduces this microalbuminuria. The prospective,
      controlled 8-mo Kroc Collaborative Study therefore offered the opportunity of
      examining more protracted effects of CSII-induced metabolic correction upon
      microalbuminuria. Twenty-four-hour urine collections obtained at baseline, 4, and
      8 mo were available from 59 Albustix-negative patients. Beta 2-microglobulin
      excretion was normal. The 39 normoalbuminuric (AER less than 12 micrograms/min)
      patients did not differ from the 20 microalbuminuric (AER elevated between 13.2
      and 192.6 micrograms/min) with respect to distributions of age, sex, and duration
      of diabetes. In both the normoalbuminuric and the microalbuminuric groups studied
      at 4 and 8 mo, percent glycosylated hemoglobin (%HbA1) and mean blood glucose
      were significantly decreased during CSII compared with baseline values, whereas
      no change occurred in the group continuing their conventional insulin therapy
      (CIT). AER did not differ between CIT and CSII treatments in the normoalbuminuric
      group. AER fell significantly in the CSII-treated microalbuminuric patients at 4
      (P less than 0.05) and 8 (P less than 0.01) mo but showed no consistent change in
      the CIT microalbuminuric group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018423
TI  - Two-year experience with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in relation to
      retinopathy and neuropathy.
AB  - Thirty patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) who had advanced
      background retinopathy were randomized to unchanged conventional treatment (UCT)
      or to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). They were followed
      prospectively for 2 yr. The mean blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) were
      significantly lower in the CSII group than in the UCT group. The mean blood
      glucose and HbA1C did not change from the first to the second year in either of
      the treatment groups in spite of less frequent home-monitoring of blood glucose
      and less frequent outpatient visits during the second year. Four patients in the
      CSII group and five in the UCT group developed proliferative retinopathy.
      However, a marginally significant trend was found toward more frequent
      improvement of retinal morphology in the CSII group (47%) than in the UCT group
      (13%). Beat-to-beat variation was found to deteriorate significantly with UCT
      compared with a nonsignificant improvement with CSII therapy. Vibration sense was
      unchanged in both treatment groups. It is concluded that near-normal blood
      glucose levels can be maintained with CSII therapy in spite of less frequent home
      monitoring of blood glucose and outpatient visits. Furthermore, established
      background retinopathy may progress to proliferative retinopathy in spite of 2 yr
      of near-normal blood glucose levels. However, a marginally significant trend
      toward more frequent improvement of retinal morphology was found among CSII
      treated patients compared with conventionally treated patients. Large-scale,
      prospective, randomized studies are needed to confirm these results.

PMID- 4018424
TI  - Chromosome 15 in Prader-Willi syndrome.
AB  - Nineteen children with the clinical features of Prader-Willi syndrome were
      karyotyped, using both routine Giemsa banding and high-resolution techniques.
      Chromosome abnormalities involving chromosome 15 were found in 10, entirely
      normal chromosomes in five and for the remaining four the findings were either
      equivocal or difficult to interpret. There was no clinical distinction between
      cases with and without the chromosome anomaly. Examination of three parents and a
      group of controls showed that the proximal end of the long arm of chromosome 15
      may have a considerable degree of normal variation, which can make interpretation
      difficult.

PMID- 4018425
TI  - Neurological manifestations in abused children who have been shaken.
AB  - Four infants with the 'shaken infant syndrome' are described. None had skull
      fractures and only one had a subdural hematoma. All had extensive retinal and pre
      retinal hemorrhages. Follow-up computerized tomography showed severe brain
      atrophy, multiple hypodense areas and ventricular enlargement. Three of the
      patients suffered severe, permanent brain damage, with mental retardation,
      spasticity and blindness. It is suggested that the underlying pathogenesis of
      this syndrome is acutely increased intrathoracic pressure, transmitted into the
      head to cause multiple venous infarctions. Retinal and pre-retinal hemorrhages
      are cardinal features of this syndrome and their presence should raise the
      suspicion of this form of battering in the absence of the 'classical' signs of
      battering.

PMID- 4018426
TI  - Neurological signs in congenital iodine-deficiency disorder (endemic cretinism).
AB  - Neurological examinations were made of 67 children and adults with congenital
      iodine-deficiency disorder (endemic cretinism) in four rural villages in highland
      Ecuador. There was a distinct and readily identifiable pattern of neurological
      deficits. These included, to varying degrees: deaf-mutism or lesser degrees of
      bilateral hearing-loss or dysarthria; spasticity, particularly involving the
      proximal lower extremities; mental deficiency of a characteristic type; and
      rigidity and bradykinesia. Not all of these elements were found in all cases.
      Less common features were strabismus, kyphoscoliosis and frontal-lobe signs.
      There were exceptional cases with hypotonia. In contrast, cerebellar function was
      largely spared, as were functions of emotion and attention, vegetative and
      autonomic functions, social interaction, and probably memory, except in the most
      severely involved.

PMID- 4018427
TI  - Consideration of genetic factors in cerebral palsy.
AB  - Sixty-two patients with cerebral palsy seen consecutively in a pediatric
      neurology practice were submitted to a prospective protocol which tabulated their
      neurological findings, birth and developmental histories and an extensive
      neurodevelopmental pedigree. Their family histories were compared with those of
      three control groups, consisting of 62 children with headaches, 62 with
      school/behavior problems and 62 random normal children. The family histories of
      the cerebral-palsied children revealed an unusual number of relatives with
      cerebral palsy, mental retardation and seizures. This study suggests that a large
      proportion of cerebral-palsied individuals may be predisposed to
      aplasia/hypoplasia of neural tissue. Some affected by presumably static 'brain
      damage' may in later years develop indolent degenerative disease. Indirect
      genetic factors may also play a major predisposing role in cerebral palsy of
      proven postnatal/perinatal onset.

PMID- 4018428
TI  - Early detection of brainstem glioma using brainstem auditory evoked potentials.
AB  - Brainstem tumor was suspected in an 11-year-old boy presenting with a painless
      lateral rectus palsy, on the basis of abnormal brainstem auditory evoked
      potentials (BAEP), despite normal computed tomographic studies, the diagnosis
      being confirmed by biopsy. The BAEP improved after radiation therapy, but their
      later deterioration heralded the onset of recurrence two weeks before any adverse
      clinical symptoms appeared. The value of BAEP studies in the early detection of
      brainstem lesions and in monitoring their progress, is discussed.

PMID- 4018429
TI  - Neuromotor maturation and psychological performance: a developmental study.
AB  - Groups of 50 normal kindergarten and 50 first-grade children were examined three
      times at six-month intervals on the extended neuromotor examination for children,
      as well as on measures of reading achievement and language performance. The joint
      effect of five neuromotor measures accounted for a substantial percentage of
      variance in reading achievement and language performance 12 months later. As a
      global measure, neuromotor status therefore may constitute a reliable,
      independent criterion of developmental age for psychological investigations of
      young, normal children. The best individual predictors of psychological outcome
      were mirror movements and speed of timed motor repetitions, while reading
      achievement and automated naming speed were the dependent measures most closely
      associated over time with neuromotor status. Such findings suggest that the
      individual motor signs may also provide indirect clues about the presumed
      functional relationship between development of motor co-ordination and language
      competence.

PMID- 4018430
TI  - Physical development of hyperactive boys.
AB  - Anthropometric data were collected on groups of seven-year-old Dunedin (New
      Zealand) boys, identified as hyperactive-only, aggressive-hyperactive, aggressive
      only and non-aggressive/non-hyperactive. Measures taken included stature, weight,
      skeletal maturity, mid-upper arm circumference, triceps and subscapular fatfolds
      and body-mass index. The hypothesis that hyperactive-only boys would show delayed
      maturation, as indicated by lower bone-age, was not confirmed. However, these
      boys had significantly smaller mid-upper arm circumference, triceps fatfold and
      body-mass index than the other groups. The results suggest that body leanness may
      discriminate 'pure' hyperactive boys from aggressive-hyperactive boys.

PMID- 4018431
TI  - Congenital rupture of a neuropathic bladder: report of a case.
AB  - A case of intra-uterine rupture of a neurogenic bladder in a female child with
      spina bifida is reported, together with the unusual histological appearances of
      detrusor-muscle atrophy at the site of rupture. The literature on ruptured
      bladder in the neonatal period is reviewed.

PMID- 4018432
TI  - Cachexia in a mentally retarded adolescent secondary to mandibular dislocation.
AB  - A 19-year-old mentally retarded male's cachexia, of five months duration, was
      attributed to a previously undetected anterior dislocation of the mandible. After
      reduction of the mandible he improved markedly, with better appetite and rapid
      weight-gain.

PMID- 4018433
TI  - Pyridoxine for neonatal seizures: an unexpected danger.
AB  - A case of pyridoxine-dependent seizures is reported. Administration of pyridoxine
      to an infant after a long period of convulsions was followed by acute hypotonia.
      Other cases have been reported in the literature, in one of which assisted
      ventilation was required. A possible mechanism for this alarming outcome is
      discussed, and it is suggested that resuscitation facilities should be quickly
      available during such trials.

PMID- 4018434
TI  - Brainstem glioma presenting as paroxysmal headache.
AB  - An unusual case of brainstem glioma is described. The distinctive features were
      long duration (at least six months) of headaches preceding the appearance of
      neurological signs, and the intermittent, paroxysmal nature of the symptoms,
      often precipitated by postural change. The mechanism of headache induced by brain
      tumor is discussed, and a possible cause for the headaches in this patient is
      suggested, involving intermittent obstruction of CSF flow.

PMID- 4018435
TI  - Recovery from cortical blindness.

PMID- 4018436
TI  - Congenital hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4018437
TI  - Spastic paralytic dislocation of the hip.

PMID- 4018438
TI  - Citrate and calcium secretion in the pure human pancreatic juice of alcoholic and
      nonalcoholic men and of chronic pancreatitis patients.
AB  - Citrate, calcium and protein have been estimated in pure pancreatic juice after a
      secretin and a CCK injection in 4 patients presenting with alcoholic calcified
      pancreatitis (ACP), 10 controls without evidence of pancreatic disease, drinking
      more than 130 g alcohol/day, and 10 controls without evidence of pancreatic
      disease, drinking less than 20 g alcohol/day. Citrate is normally secreted in the
      pancreatic juice and this secretion increases in parallel with protein after CCK
      injection. Citrate secretion is significantly decreased in the two alcoholic
      groups. Calcium secretion is increased in the ACP, and reasons are presented to
      suggest that this may be due to lesions of the ducts. These modifications could
      play a role in the formation of pancreatic stones which are mostly built up of
      calcium carbonate.

PMID- 4018439
TI  - Plasma apolipoprotein A-IV levels decrease in patients with chronic pancreatitis
      and malabsorption syndrome.
AB  - An immunochemical method was developed for measurements of serum levels of
      apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV). Using this technique, we found decreased levels
      of apo A-IV in patients with chronic pancreatitis and malabsorption syndrome and
      these low levels of apo A-IV in a patient with malabsorption syndrome were
      overcome after appropriate oral nutrition. Thus, measurements of apo A-IV may
      provide a good index for the assessment of fat intake and absorption.

PMID- 4018440
TI  - Effect of filtrate containing Clostridium difficile toxin on rectal mucosa
      maintained in organ culture.
AB  - Rectal biopsies were maintained in organ culture over a 24-hour culture period,
      with good preservation of histological architecture. A filtrate containing
      Clostridium difficile toxin significantly inhibited the rise in epithelial
      alkaline phosphatase activity normally seen during culture. This effect was
      abolished by pre-incubation of the filtrate with Clostridium sordellii antitoxin,
      or heat inactivation. This effect is most probably due to a toxin of C.
      difficile. The method provides a new quantitative approach to the study of
      luminal toxins as possible pathogenic agents in idiopathic inflammatory diseases
      of the colon.

PMID- 4018441
TI  - Gastrin and gastric secretion in patients with recurrent peptic ulceration-
      unexpected correlations.
AB  - The role of gastrin in the pathogenesis of recurrent peptic ulceration is not
      established although it is known that plasma gastrin levels are frequently
      elevated after vagotomy. This study aims to determine whether there is a
      relationship between gastrin and gastric secretion in patients with and without
      recurrent ulceration after surgery for duodenal ulceration (DU). The basal acid
      output (BAO) in 23 and the peak acid output to pentagastrin (PAOPg) in 10
      patients with symptomatic recurrent ulcers after DU surgery were determined along
      with the BAO and PAOPg in 10 control patients who were asymptomatic following DU
      surgery. The fasting plasma gastrin was determined in all patients and correlated
      with the acid output. An inverse correlation was demonstrated between the BAO and
      plasma gastrin in the asymptomatic patients (p less than 0.05) and the patients
      with proven recurrent ulcers (p less than 0.01) and there was a direct
      correlation between the PAOPg and plasma gastrin in the recurrent ulcer group (p
      less than 0.05) which was not observed in the control group. It is suggested that
      in a subgroup of recurrent ulcer patients 'G cell hyperfunction' may occur and
      this may have a role in the aetiology of this condition.

PMID- 4018442
TI  - Comparative assessment of secretin and motilin responses to graded duodenal
      acidification in anaesthetised pigs.
AB  - The effects of graded duodenal acidification on plasma concentration of
      immunoreactive secretin, and motilin in portal vein (PV) and carotid artery (CA)
      were investigated in 6 anaesthetised pigs in which the proximal duodenum was
      excluded and sequentially irrigated with isotonic saline (pH 7.0) and with
      hydrochloric acid (HCl) delivered at successive rates of 2, 8 and 40 mM H+/40 min
      (pH of 2.8, 1.9 and 1.0, respectively) under a constant flow of 10 ml/min. The
      release of secretin was first observed at pH 1.9 (from basal 4.2 +/- 0.3 to a
      peak of 26.6 +/- 9.8 pM in PV and from 3.4 +/- 0.3 to 6.8 +/- 0.9 pM in CA) and
      further increased at pH 1.0 (peaks of 60.9 +/- 16.3 in PV and 16.8 +/- 2.6 pM in
      CA). In contrast, only the highest HCl concentration (pH of effluent: 1.0)
      induced significant increases of plasma motilin (PV: peak of 25.2 +/- 4.9 for
      basal 13.3 +/- 1.1 pM, CA: 14.3 +/- 2.4 for basal 10.5 +/- 0.6 pM). A sharp
      decrease of the plasma secretin and motilin concentration was observed when the
      venous drainage of the duodenal segment was occluded, followed by a rapid
      increase when the clamp was released. In the present experimental conditions,
      duodenal motilin-producing sites were less sensitive to graded luminal
      acidification than secretin cells. Thus, the release of duodenal motilin in
      response to variations of luminal pH may be expected to occur primarily from the
      most proximal part of the duodenum in physiological conditions.

PMID- 4018443
TI  - Toxicity of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in rats: changes in intestinal
      permeability.
AB  - Rats fed on diets containing kidney bean showed increased intestinal permeability
      to intravenously injected 125I-labelled rat serum proteins after an intragastric
      challenge with bean proteins. The enhanced accumulation of radioactive serum
      proteins in the lumen and walls of the small intestine indicated increased
      vascular permeability. It is suggested that dietary lectins may, at least in
      part, be responsible for this loss of serum proteins and thus contribute towards
      the overall toxicity of kidney bean proteins.

PMID- 4018444
TI  - Absorption of urso- and chenodeoxycholic acid and their taurine and glycine
      conjugates in rat jejunum, ileum, and colon.
AB  - Chenodeoxycholic acid (cheno) and ursodeoxycholic acid (urso) dissolve
      cholesterol gallstones in man. Comparative studies of the absorption of cheno and
      urso are not available. The absorption of urso and cheno and their glycine and
      taurine conjugates in jejunum, terminal ileum, and colon of the rat were
      therefore determined in an open in situ perfusion system. Absorption of
      unconjugated urso and cheno in jejunum, ileum, and colon was similar. In the
      jejunum conjugated urso and cheno were absorbed only in minimal amounts. In the
      ileum glycine-conjugated urso was absorbed to a lower extent than glycine
      conjugated cheno (6.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 8.6 +/- 0.6 nmol/cm X h at 25 mumol/l bile acid
      concentration, p less than 0.05) and taurine-conjugated urso was absorbed less
      than taurine-conjugated cheno (6.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 8.1 +/- 0.7 nmol/cm X h, p less
      than 0.05). In the colon glycourso and taurourso were not absorbed, while
      glycocheno and taurocheno were absorbed in small amounts. The low reabsorption
      rates of urso conjugates in ileum and colon may contribute to the relatively low
      urso content in bile during urso treatment.

PMID- 4018445
TI  - Mononeuritis in acute viral hepatitis.
AB  - We describe the cases of 4 adults with acute viral hepatitis A or B in whom
      mononeuritis affecting a cranial nerve or a nerve of a limb developed. The
      features of this neuropathy were the following: (a) the prevalence of
      mononeuritis in patients with acute viral hepatitis was low; (b) this
      complication developed in the early phase of acute viral hepatitis in most of our
      patients; (c) the onset of mononeuritis was sudden in most of them; (d) the
      course of mononeuritis was protracted. Mononeuritis might be the consequence of
      ischemia resulting from vasculitis.

PMID- 4018446
TI  - Identification of mucus glycoprotein fatty acyltransferase activity in human
      gastric mucosa.
AB  - The enzymatic activity which catalyzes the transfer of palmitic acid from
      palmitoyl coenzyme A to gastric mucus glycoprotein was demonstrated in antral and
      fundic mucosa of normal human stomach. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed
      that with both types of mucosa the enzyme activity was present in the microsomal
      fraction. The antral and fundic mucosa also exhibited similar enzyme activities,
      showed identical pH optimum, and required detergent, NaF and dithiothreitol.
      Optimum enzymatic activity for fatty acylation of mucus glycoprotein was obtained
      with 0.5% Triton X-100, 25 mM NaF, and 2 mM dithiothreitol at a pH of 7.4. The
      14C-labeled product of the reaction comigrated on CsCl density gradient
      centrifugation with gastric mucus glycoprotein and contained the ester-bound
      palmitic acid.

PMID- 4018448
TI  - European Association for the Study of Diabetes: 1965-1984.

PMID- 4018447
TI  - Effect of short-term and long-term treatment with a steroidal oral contraceptive
      on the intestinal absorption of nutrients in vitro in female rats.
AB  - The effect of steroidal oral contraceptive (SOC), comprising megestrol acetate (5
      mg/kg body weight) plus ethinyl estradiol (0.05 mg/kg body weight), administered
      daily by stomach tube for 5, 15, 30 and 90 days, on the intestinal uptake of
      nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and calcium has been investigated in vitro
      in female rats. The administration of SOC for 5 days did not affect the uptake of
      nutrients, but treatment for 15, 30 and 90 days led to a progressive and
      significant increase in the uptake of glucose and amino acids. The calcium uptake
      was increased in the groups treated for 5 and 15 days, but decreased after 30 and
      90 days of treatment. Kinetic studies done on glucose uptake indicated that the
      steroid contraceptive might be inducing the transport carrier protein of this
      nutrient, as elevation in Vmax was observed in the group treated for 30 days.
      There was no change in brush border membrane phospholipid and cholesterol
      contents after 30 and 90 days of treatment, but a significant increase in
      phospholipid after 5 and 15 days of treatment was observed. This study suggests
      that SOC treatment significantly altered the intestinal absorptive functions and
      the effect appears to be on the carrier-mediated transport of glucose.

PMID- 4018449
TI  - Sera from type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic and healthy subjects contain
      different amounts of a very low molecular weight growth peptide for vascular
      cells.
AB  - Diabetic angiopathy may be due, in part, to increased growth in vascular cells.
      We have investigated serum growth factors in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent)
      diabetic and healthy subjects and their effect on cultured human arterial smooth
      muscle cells and fibroblasts. Removal of the dialyzable serum fraction (mol. wt.
      less than 12,000) reduced the growth effect of the diabetic sera by 37% (2p less
      than 0.005) and of the non-diabetic sera by only 8% (2p less than 0.01). In
      contrast, there was no difference in growth stimulation between the dialyzed
      diabetic or non-diabetic sera. Complete recovery of the dialyzable serum growth
      fraction was also obtained at a mol. wt. below 3,500. Ten times the concentration
      of the low molecular weight growth factor (mol. wt. less than 3,500) from
      diabetic sera stimulated growth of fibroblasts or arterial smooth muscle cells by
      a mean of 243% or 174% and from non-diabetic sera by a mean of 146% or 137%,
      respectively (2p less than 0.01). The growth stimulating potency of this serum
      fraction (mol. wt. less than 3,500) contained in 10% diabetic sera, was two to
      ten times higher than that of human growth hormone or insulin, added in amounts
      equivalent to 10% or physiological serum concentrations. This diabetic serum
      growth factor was further characterized by: (1) linear dependence of growth
      stimulation over a concentration range of twenty times and by (2) reduction of
      the growth stimulating activity to control levels by pretreatment: (a) at 95
      degrees C for 30 min, or (b) with two different proteases: Serva pronase E
      (Streptomyceus griseus) or Calbiochem protease (Subtilisin calsberg).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018450
TI  - Tropical pancreatic diabetes in South India: heterogeneity in clinical and
      biochemical profile.
AB  - Clinical and biochemical studies were carried out in 33 patients with diabetes
      secondary to chronic calcific, non-alcoholic pancreatitis (tropical pancreatic
      diabetes) and in 35 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 35 non
      diabetic subjects. Despite lower body mass indices, only 25% of patients with
      tropical pancreatic diabetes had clinical evidence of malnutrition. There was no
      history of cassava ingestion. Mean serum cholesterol concentration was
      significantly lower in the tropical pancreatic diabetic patients (p less than
      0.01) in comparison with the Type 2 diabetic patients or non-diabetic subjects,
      due to a significantly decreased concentration of LDL cholesterol (p less than
      0.01) and VLDL cholesterol (p less than 0.05). Basal and post-glucose stimulated
      concentrations of serum C-peptide were highest in those pancreatic diabetic
      patients (n = 11) who responded to oral hypoglycaemic drugs, intermediate in the
      majority (n = 17), who were insulin dependent and ketosis resistant and
      negligible in a small sub-group (n = 5) who were ketosis prone. The occurrence of
      microangiopathy in pancreatic diabetic patients was common and similar to that in
      Type 2 diabetic patients. Thus, tropical pancreatic diabetes in South India
      appears to be heterogeneous with respect to level of nutrition, severity of
      glucose intolerance, B-cell function, response to therapy and the occurrence of
      microvascular complications.

PMID- 4018451
TI  - Influence of mebendazole administration on metabolic control in type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients.

PMID- 4018452
TI  - Physical activity and prevalence of diabetes.

PMID- 4018453
TI  - Transcapillary colloid osmotic gradient, plasma volume and interstitial fluid
      volume in long-term type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - Plasma and subcutaneous colloid osmotic pressure, transcapillary escape rate of
      albumin, plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were measured in 10 long
      term Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients without clinical nephropathy.
      Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure was reduced compared with normal subjects
      (12.9 +/- 3.0 versus 15.8 +/- 2.7 mmHg, p less than 0.05) and the transcapillary
      colloid osmotic gradient increased (17.0 +/- 2.4 versus 12.8 +/- 2.7 mmHg, p less
      than 0.01). Plasma volume was in the normal range and interstitial fluid volume
      increased by approximately 21% compared with normal subjects (p less than 0.01).
      Transcapillary escape rate of albumin was significantly increased compared with
      normal subjects (8.9 +/- 1.9 versus 5.1 +/- 1.6% h, p less than 0.01). A negative
      correlation was found between the transcapillary colloid osmotic gradient and
      interstitial fluid volume (r = 0.6, 0.01 less than p less than 0.05). These
      results suggest that the increased small vessel permeability in long-term
      diabetes leads to wash-out of interstitial proteins and the resulting increased
      transcapillary colloid osmotic gradient tends to preserve the plasma volume and
      to limit the tendency to increased interstitial fluid volume.

PMID- 4018454
TI  - Inhibition of aortic histamine synthesis by alpha-hydrazinohistidine inhibits
      increased aortic albumin accumulation in experimental diabetes in the rat.
AB  - We examined the interrelationship between inhibition of aortic histamine
      synthesis through inhibition of aortic histidine decarboxylase and intra-aortic
      albumin accumulation in rats made diabetic by a jugular vein injection of 60
      mg/kg of streptozotocin under ether anesthesia. Animals were held for 4 weeks
      following overt manifestation of diabetes. At the end of 3 weeks, at least six
      animals in each of the diabetic and non-diabetic groups received intra-peritoneal
      injections of alpha-hydrazinohistidine (25 mg/kg at 12 h) for the last 7 days.
      Aortic albumin accumulation was measured by quantification of aortic uptake of
      fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to rat serum albumin injected in the
      jugular vein 1 h before sacrifice. The aortic albumin mass transfer and flux
      rates of the diabetic group were more than 300% higher than that of the control
      group; alpha-hydrazinohistidine treated diabetic rats had aortic albumin mass
      transfer rates equivalent to control values. The aortic albumin content was
      nearly tenfold higher in untreated diabetic rats, but again treatment with alpha
      hydrazinohistidine returned this to control values. These data offer strong
      support to the premise that accelerated aortic histamine synthesis, which occurs
      in experimental diabetes, is an important mediator of increased aortic
      macromolecule uptake, and as such, may be one component of the multitude of
      factors responsible for increased susceptibility of atherosclerosis among
      individuals having diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4018456
TI  - A demonstration of cellular interactions during the formation of mesoderm and
      primordial germ cells in Pleurodeles waltlii.
AB  - Animal, vegetal, dorsal and ventral blastomeres of eight-cell embryos of the
      urodele Pleurodeles waltlii were isolated and cultured for 15 days. The four
      animal blastomeres produced vesicles delimited by an irregularly shaped
      epidermis. In all other explants, the formation of mesodermal structures
      occurred, which can be interpreted as the result of inductive interaction,
      occurring during segmentation, between the ectodermal animal cap and vegetal yolk
      mass. Primordial germ cells (PGCs), which formed in 78% of cases when the
      presumptive ventral half to the embryo was cultured, occurred in only 48% of
      cases when the two ventral vegetal blastomeres were cultured alone. The absence
      of PGCs in the explants emanating from the four vegetal blastomeres is thought to
      have been due to inhibition of differentiation by notochord. This hypothesis has
      been confirmed by culture experiments in which the addition of presumptive
      chordomesoderm of young gastrulae prevented the differentiation of PGCs under
      conditions in which they are normally formed. These observations suggest that, in
      urodeles, PGCs do not arise from cells segregated as early as the eight-cell
      stage, but are the product of later inductive interaction between ectoderm and
      endoderm.

PMID- 4018455
TI  - Elevated levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the eye and urinary bladder
      of diabetic and prediabetic Chinese hamsters.
AB  - The eyes and urinary bladder of non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic Chinese
      hamsters were evaluated by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry to determine
      the content and distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The average
      concentration of VIP was increased in the eyes of all diabetic (pmol/g = 68%,
      pmol/organ = 50%) and prediabetic (pmol/g = 152%, pmol/organ = 115%) hamsters
      compared with age-matched non-diabetic animals. Immunocytochemistry showed that
      the elevation of VIP was primarily related to greater intensity of fluorescence
      of the nerve fibres in the vasculature of the choroid. The average content of VIP
      in the urinary bladder was greater in diabetic animals only on the basis of
      pmol/organ (135%) and in prediabetics on the basis of pmol/g (87%) compared with
      non-diabetic animals. Qualitative immunocytochemistry suggested that the elevated
      level of VIP was related to a larger distribution of nerve fibres in the urinary
      bladder of diabetic hamsters. The high level of VIP in the eyes and urinary
      bladder of diabetic and prediabetic hamsters is an interesting observation which
      should receive further study to determine whether it is an aetiological agent
      underlying the pathogenesis of ophthalmic complications and neurogenic bladder or
      the result of some pathological process which affects these organs.

PMID- 4018457
TI  - A fine analysis of glucose-phosphate-isomerase patterns in single preimplantation
      mouse embryos.
AB  - Mouse embryos were derived from eggs heterozygous for alleles of the dimeric
      enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase (Gpi-1a/Gpi-1b) that had been fertilized with
      sperm carrying a third allele (Gpi-1c). This particular combination makes it
      possible to study the activity of the paternally derived as well as the
      maternally derived genes, the persistence of oocyte-coded enzyme throughout early
      development and the possible simultaneous expression of both the paternally
      derived allele and the maternal message. The different isozymes present in single
      embryos were separated by electrophoresis. The results show that the oocyte-coded
      glucose phosphate isomerase is gradually replaced by embryo-coded enzyme.
      Expression of the paternally derived allele was first detected at the morula
      stage, during which the translation of the maternally derived message seemed to
      be either exhausted or below the detection limit of our system. Some oocyte-coded
      enzyme persisted until after implantation.

PMID- 4018458
TI  - Reactivity of five N-acetylgalactosamine-recognizing lectins with preimplantation
      embryos, early postimplantation embryos, and teratocarcinoma cells of the mouse.
AB  - The expression of receptors for N-acetylgalactosamine-recognizing lectins, namely
      Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), Sophora japonica agglutinin (SJA), Bauhinia
      purpurea agglutinin (BPA), Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA), and Wistaria
      floribunda agglutinin (WFA) was studied in early mouse embryos and
      teratocarcinoma cells. Each of these lectins as well as Dolichos biflorus
      agglutinin (DBA) bound differently to early embryonic cells, with the exception
      of VVA and WFA which showed indistinguishable reactivities. SJA reacted intensely
      with visceral endoderm, but hardly at all with parietal and primitive endoderm.
      Therefore, SJA will be useful for analyzing the mechanism of visceral-endoderm
      formation. Furthermore, the inner cell mass (ICM) of early blastocysts reacted
      intensely with DBA, while the ICM of late blastocysts reacted only faintly with
      this lectin. Primary endoderm derived from the ICM reacted faintly with SJA, HPA,
      and DBA, and these reactivities increased again during the differentiation of the
      endoderm. Therefore, these three lectins could be used in the analysis of early
      stages during the differentiation of endoderm from the ICM. The results
      illustrate the highly complex nature of developmentally regulated alterations of
      cell-surface carbohydrates during the early stages of embryogenesis.

PMID- 4018459
TI  - Basement membrane in differentiating mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts of
      male and female rat fetuses.
AB  - The differentiation of male and female rat genital ducts and their basement
      membranes were studied by light- and electron-microscopic localization of type-IV
      and -V collagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan at the fetal ages of
      15-21 days. At 15 days, the basement membrane of the mesonephric duct was
      continuous in both sexes, whereas on the medial side of the paramesonephric duct,
      it was incomplete. The male mesonephric duct remained enveloped by a continuous
      basement membrane. Increasing accumulation of basement-membrane material in the
      periductal mesenchyme was regarded as incipient epididymal differentiation. Local
      expansions and slow degradation of the basement membrane were noted in the
      regressing female mesonephric duct. The female paramesonephric duct had acquired
      a continuous basement membrane by the age of 16 days. At this age, the incomplete
      basement membrane in the medial side of the male paramesonephric duct
      disappeared, and breaks in the lateral portion appeared. The formation of
      epitheliomesenchymal contacts and basal cytoplasmic blebs in the epithelial cells
      of the regressing paramesonephric duct coincided with the disappearance of the
      basement-membrane material in the condensed periductal mesenchyme. The asymmetric
      regression of the male paramesonephric duct was initiated in the immature medial
      side. The changes in the periductal matrix are indications of basic differences
      in the regulation of the development and regression of the genital ducts in
      different sexes.

PMID- 4018460
TI  - Permissive effect of glutamine on the differentiation of fetal mouse small
      intestine in organ culture.
AB  - The proximal third of the small intestine of 15-day-old mouse embryo can be
      cultured for 72 h at 37 degrees C. When Trowell-T8 medium is used, the integrity
      of the explants is maintained, but villi do not form and absorptive cells are
      poorly differentiated. However, when Leibovitz L-15 or RPMI-1640 medium is used,
      one can observe the formation of medium-sized villi, and absorptive cells in the
      explants are more differentiated. Since the chemical composition of T8 medium is
      quite different from that of the other two media, we decided to test the
      importance of two major differences, i.e., three amino acids and five vitamins,
      in order to find out which element(s) is necessary to permit the formation of
      intestinal villi. Subsequent testing demonstrated that the three amino acids are
      responsible for the effect on differentiation, and that glutamine is the only
      critical difference between T8 and the two other media. The results show that the
      addition of L-glutamine to T8 medium permits the formation of villi, the
      initiation of absorptive cell differentiation, an increase in DNA synthesis, and
      finally, an increase in the number of epithelial cells. These findings indicate
      that undifferentiated fetal mouse small intestine is able to express its
      phenotype in organ culture, even without any extrinsic regulatory influences,
      provided that L-glutamine is present at a sufficient level in the culture medium.
      The use of inhibitors indicated that L-glutamine may be essential as an energetic
      substrate and/or a precursor for glucosamine.

PMID- 4018461
TI  - Aggregation-deficient embryonal carcinoma cells: defects in peanut agglutinin
      (PNA) receptors.
AB  - The components involved in cell adhesion were studied using the H6 line of
      embryonal carcinoma cells. H6 cells are especially suitable for studies on cell
      interactions, since genetic mutants can be selected, and various processes of
      cell adhesion can be controlled by regulating the calcium concentration in the
      medium. Three aggregation-defective variants of H6 were isolated, all of which
      showed reduced binding of the lectin, peanut agglutinin (PNA). Quantitation of
      PNA receptors on the cell surface by immunoprecipitation of iodinated surface
      proteins indicated that these receptors were reduced on the variants by one-half
      to one-quarter. The separation of immunoprecipitated PNA receptors on sodium
      dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated that
      one type of receptor, with an apparent molecular weight of 94 kilodaltons, was
      reduced. Parental and variant cells bind similar quantities of concanavalin A and
      soybean agglutinin, suggesting that there is no generalized effect on major
      glycoproteins. Thus, the defect in aggregation and the defect in the 94
      kilodalton protein may be correlated, and this glycoprotein may have a role in
      the mediation of H6 cell-cell adhesion.

PMID- 4018462
TI  - Anatomic distribution of lectin binding sites in mouse testis and epididymis.

PMID- 4018463
TI  - May early exercise testing after myocardial infarction predict the extent of
      coronary artery disease?
AB  - To determine whether exercise testing performed soon after myocardial infarction
      may predict the degree of coronary artery disease, 78 patients performed stress
      testing and coronary angiography 15 +/- 5 and 64 +/- 35 days, respectively, after
      myocardial infarction. Out of 34 patients with a positive test, 22 (65%)
      demonstrated a multivessel disease, and 37 (84%) out of 44 patients with a
      negative test had normal coronary angiograms or single vessel disease (p =
      .0006). In addition to stress testing, no clinical parameter considered (infarct
      location, heart failure and cardiomegaly) was predictive of the extent of
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4018464
TI  - [Limits of mental stress as an instrument for evaluative screening in recent
      myocardial infarction].
AB  - In order to investigate whether stressors could induce ventricular arrhythmias or
      myocardial ischemia in the postinfarction period, 130 patients with recent
      myocardial infarction (1-2 months after the acute episode), after drug washout,
      were exposed to two stressors in a random sequence. Mental arithmetic and Sacks
      test (30 incomplete sentences with high emotional content) were used for 3 min,
      followed by 5 min recovery. Ninety % of the patients underwent an exercise test
      and 73% a 24 hour ambulatory monitoring in the same conditions. Ventricular
      arrhythmias occurred respectively in 21%, 26% and 86% of the patients during
      mental stress, exercise test and ambulatory ECG monitoring. The arrhythmias score
      (Italian Lown modified classification) was greater than or equal to 40 in 2% of
      the patients during mental stress and in 39% in the ambulatory ECG. Only 3
      patients (2.3%) showed ST-segment depression greater than or equal to 1mm during
      mental stress vs. 30.7% during exercise. The double product threshold for ST
      segment shift was reached or exceeded during mental stress by 22% of the
      patients. The increments in heart rate and blood pressure were independent from
      each other, and similar in the two stress tests. Only the heart rate was slightly
      higher during mental arithmetic (p less than 0.01). In conclusion, the utilized
      short-lasting stressors were poorly effective in inducing myocardial ischemia and
      ventricular arrhythmias in patients with recent myocardial infarction. It is
      suggested to avoid the generalization of these results to patients with different
      pathophysiological conditions, taking on account the methodological limits of the
      study.

PMID- 4018465
TI  - [Evaluation of flecainide in the therapy of chronic ventricular arrhythmia using
      the acute oral load method].
AB  - The efficacy of the new class Ic anti-arrhythmic (aa) drug, Flecainide, has been
      evaluated in patients (pts) affected by frequent and/or severe chronic
      ventricular arrhythmias (VA), as assessed by 24 hours Holter monitoring and
      maximal exercise stress testing. The protocol consisted in a preliminary
      screening with multiple aa drugs (average 6.0 per pt) using the acute oral drug
      testing. The most effective drug was then given for 72 hours and 24 hours Holter
      monitoring and exercise stress testing repeated; if the efficacy was confirmed,
      chronic treatment was initiated and control visits were repeated after 3, 6 and
      12 months. The study population consisted of 27 pts; 22 (81%) were in Lown class
      4A (18%) or 4B (63%). Eight pts (30%) had a previous (greater than 1 year)
      myocardial infarction, while in 14 (52%) no evidence of cardiac disease was
      found. During acute oral drug testing a positive response (reduction of PVC's
      greater than 90% and abolition of grades 4A and 4B) was obtained with Flecainide,
      200 mg, in 20 pts (74%). In 6 pts (22%) no effect was observed, while a possible
      proarrhythmic effect was observed in 1 pt (4%). Eighteen pts entered the second
      phase of the study with an average dose of Flecainide of 175 mg b.i.d. In 83% of
      the pts there was a positive concordance between the acute oral testing and the
      72 hours treatment, as in 15 out of 18 pts grades 4A and 4B were totally
      abolished and the mean frequency of PVC's was reduced by 99%. In 3 pts (17%) no
      response was observed. Flecainide increased significantly PR (37 msec), QRS (20
      msec) and QTc (28 msec). The plasma levels attained with chronic therapy (846
      ng/ml) were higher than those achieved with the acute oral testing (372 ng/ml).
      Mild side effects (dizziness, tremor and headache) were observed in 33% of the
      pts and were all eliminated by a 100 mg reduction in Flecainide dose. Fifteen pts
      entered the third phase (long term treatment): in this group there was a 93.3%
      correlation with phase two, as in 14 out of 15 pts there was a complete abolition
      of grade 4B arrhythmias, a 98.8% reduction of couplets and a reduction in the
      number of PVC's greater than 85%. This study shows that Flecainide is a quite
      powerful aa drug with modest side effects. Its efficacy against chronic VA is
      high, also when compared to the most effective and available aa drugs.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4018466
TI  - [Flecainide in the treatment of chronic ventricular arrhythmia].

PMID- 4018467
TI  - [Intravenous administration of lidocaine and amiodarone in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction].
AB  - Lidocaine (L) in still considered the drug of choice in the treatment of life
      threatening ventricular arrhythmias in the setting of acute myocardial infarction
      (A.M.I.): this is mainly due to its proved efficacy and high therapeutic index.
      Since however L has well defined electrophysiologic properties (class 1 B) and
      does not seem to be effective in all of these patients we compared its
      antiarrhythmic efficacy with the one of amiodarone (A), an antiarrhythmic agent
      provided of electrophysiologic properties quite different from L (class 4) and
      usually well tolerated. Twenty-five consecutive patients with A.M.I. without
      haemodynamic consequences, were randomly assigned to L (bolus of 1 mg/kg followed
      by an infusion of 10 mg/min for 20 minutes and thereafter of 1,5 mg/min) or A
      (bolus of 5 mg/kg and an eventual repeat dose of 150 mg followed by an infusion
      of 1,8 g/24 h) The baseline arrhythmia was classified as Lown class 2 ore more in
      all the patients. The ventricular arrhythmias were completely relieved in 47% of
      the patients assigned to L and in 60% of those treated with A (p = N.S.); a minor
      efficacy was found in 40% of the patients of both groups; in two cases
      ventricular fibrillation occurred after the acute infusion of L. The
      antiarrhythmic effectiveness kept fit with both drugs over a 24 hours period. A
      prolongation of QTc interval was found to occur both after the bolus and 24 hours
      of treatment with A. In addition A provoked a slight decrease of systolic blood
      pressure. No important side effects were observed with both drugs
      regimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018468
TI  - [Intravenous amiodarone in the therapy of paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardias].
AB  - The Authors evaluated the effectiveness and the tolerance of intravenous
      Amiodarone in 50 cases of recent onset paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachyarrhythmias. Fifty consecutive patients, aged 17 to 84 (mean 52 years),
      presenting with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT, 33 cases) or
      atrial flutter (11 cases) or atrial fibrillation (6 cases), were given 300 mg of
      Amiodarone intravenously within 2 min, followed in 4 patients by 150 mg after 15
      min. All patients were monitored for 1 hour; ECG and blood pressure were recorded
      at fixed times. Within 15 min sinus rhythm was restored in 88% of PSVT, in 27% of
      atrial flutter and in 17% of atrial fibrillation cases; the other cases of atrial
      flutter and fibrillation always showed a 48-81% reduction of the average heart
      rate within 15 min. We have evidenced neither significant modifications of blood
      pressure and ECG parameters (P-Q, QRS and Q-T duration) nor particular side
      effects, except for 2 cases in which brief hot flushes were reported. The Authors
      believe Amiodarone to be an effective and well tolerated drug for the above
      mentioned arrhythmias, particularly promptly acting in PSVT cases, in whom sinus
      rhythm was restored within 15 min in 88% and within 1 hour in 100% of the cases.

PMID- 4018469
TI  - [Amiodarone by intravenous route].

PMID- 4018470
TI  - [Efficacy and duration of action of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in the treatment of
      stable angina of effort. Comparison with sustained-release isosorbide dinitrate].
AB  - A new compound, Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN; 40 mg orally), was compared
      with sustained-release Isosorbide dinitrate (SRDI; 40 mg orally) in 18 patients
      with chronic exercise-induced angina pectoris. The patients were studied in a
      randomized placebo-controlled single-blind trial. Multistage bicycle test with
      computer-assisted electrocardiographic analysis was performed before, 60-90, 240
      and 360 minutes after treatment administration. Both drugs significantly and
      comparably prolonged exercise time (p less than 0.01) and time to development of
      1 mm ST-segment depression (p less than 0.01) at the 3 times of study. At the
      highest common level of work, ST-segment depression and its integral were
      significantly reduced by both IS-5-MN and SRDI compared to placebo (p less than
      0.01); conversely, the peak ST-segment depression was unaffected. Compared to
      placebo, a significant increment in maximal heart rate/systolic blood pressure
      was observed after drug administration. It is concluded that 40 mg of orally
      administered IS-5-MN is effective during at least 6 hours and that its
      therapeutic action is comparable to that of SRDI.

PMID- 4018471
TI  - [2-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of pericardial pathology: new
      prospects for its differential diagnosis].
AB  - We examined retrospectively the M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms
      performed in our laboratory on 227 patients with pericardial diseases, in order
      to assess the capabilities and limits of echocardiography in this field. We
      observed 4 patients with congenital absence of the pericardium, 10 with of
      constrictive or infiltrative-adhesive pericarditis, 213 pericardial effusions,
      associated with left pleural effusion in 36 cases and with different kinds of
      intrapericardial masses in 33 cases. Through qualitative analysis of the
      echogenicity of such masses some aspects were singled out which may prove useful
      in identifying intrapericardial fat, as well as tumors. We also suggest new ways
      of using specific echocardiographic sections to differentiate left pleural
      effusions from pericardial effusions, and to identify very small pericardial
      effusions.

PMID- 4018472
TI  - [Aortic coarctation and aneurysms of the ascending aorta].
AB  - Dissection and rupture of the aorta account for 20% of death in the natural
      history of aortic coarctation. We describe here in four patients in whom an
      ascending aortic aneurysm was associated with aortic coarctation. Three patients
      had aortic valve incompetence. In two cases there was a dissection. This had not
      been recognized preoperatively in one, in whom the intimal tear was small; in the
      other patient, with dissection and shock, the associated mild coarctation was
      demonstrated only at autopsy. Surgical treatment of patients with aortic
      coarctation and associated aortic aneurysm must include resection of both the
      stenotic isthmus and dilated section of the aorta, because of a documented poor
      prognosis. Furtherly, when evaluating patients with aortic dissection a
      coexisting coarctation although infrequent must be ruled out. If such an
      association is identified in emergency cases the dissected aorta should be
      repaired first, employing a suitable technique (double arterial cannulation,
      above and below the isthmus) in order to ensure adequate perfusion. When there is
      no acute dissection, repair of the coarctation should be undertaken first.

PMID- 4018473
TI  - [External post-infarction rupture of the heart. Retrospective anatomo-clinical
      analysis of 70 cases].
AB  - A retrospective comparison was made between the clinical and pathological
      findings pertaining to: a) 70 cases of rupture of the ventricular free wall
      following myocardial infarction (RC group), b) 70 cases of acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) where death intervened in the absence of cardiac rupture (NR
      group) and c) 70 cases (clinical findings only) of patients with AMI admitted to
      the hospital (IM group). The history of the RC group disclosed a considerably
      lower percentage of previous myocardial infarctions (p less than 0,005) as
      compared to the control groups. In the same group systemic hypertension after
      myocardial infarction was more frequent (p less than 0,025) than in the others.
      Shock, heart failure, bundle branch blocks were significantly less common in the
      RC group than in the NR group, and severe arrhythmias were found in a
      significantly lower percentage than in both the control groups. An
      electrocardiographic pattern of anterior AMI was more frequent in the RC group
      than in the IM group (p less than 0,05). Death was preceded by sudden loss of
      consciousness in 83% of the RC cases and in 51% of the NR cases (p less than
      0,005), by severe chest pain respectively in 19% and 9% of the two groups (p less
      than 0,05). More than 25% of the patients of both RC and NR groups died within
      the first 24 hours, almost half within the third day after the onset of AMI. On
      autopsy the AMI was anterior and/or lateral in 77% of the cases in the RC group
      and in 44% of the NR group (p less than 0,005). In all the cases except one
      rupture had occurred in the area of the infarction. The site of rupture was
      anterior in 64% of the cases, posterior in 16%, lateral in 11%, and apical in 9%.
      Scars larger than 5 mm were noted in 17% of the cases in the RC group as compared
      to 37% in the NR group (p less than 0,01). Left ventricular hypertrophy was
      present in 16% of the RC cases and in 31% of the NR group (p less than 0,05).
      Finally the characteristics of patients at risk of cardiac rupture following
      myocardial infarction seem to be: absence of previous infarctions, anterior
      localization of AMI, sustained hypertension after myocardial infarction, absence
      of serious hemodynamic and arrhythmic complications.

PMID- 4018474
TI  - [External rupture of the necrotic area in myocardial infarction: resignation or
      necessity for reexamination?].

PMID- 4018475
TI  - [Post-infarction myocardial scars: to cut or not to cut?].

PMID- 4018476
TI  - [The surgeon's point of view toward post-infarction scars].

PMID- 4018477
TI  - [The cardiologist's point of view toward post-infarction scars].

PMID- 4018478
TI  - [Pseudo-aneurysm of the left ventricle. Non-invasive diagnosis of 2 cases].
AB  - Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition which may develop after
      rupture of the ventricular myocardial wall. A localized hemopericardium confined
      is then formed outlined by the parietal pericardium. The pseudoaneurysmal sac is
      formed by clots and fibrous pericardial tissue and is directly connected to the
      ventricular chamber. There are no specific clinical signs to identify the
      disease. Two dimensional echocardiography and computerized tomography can allow
      the correct diagnosis to be made before cardiac catheterization. Two cases of
      left ventricular pseudoaneurysm occurring one after chest trauma and the other
      after acute myocardial infarction are reported.

PMID- 4018479
TI  - [Protocol of the serial electropharmacological study for selecting the most
      efficacious chronic anti-arrhythmia therapy in patients with sustained recurrent
      ventricular tachycardia and in survivors of cardiac arrest secondary to
      ventricular tachycardia].

PMID- 4018480
TI  - [16th national cardiology meeting of the National Association of Hospital
      Cardiologists. Florence, 16-19 May 1985. Proceedings].

PMID- 4018481
TI  - Gut microflora and small bowel neoplasia: cause or not so innocent coexistence?

PMID- 4018482
TI  - [Constipation caused by colonic inertia and distal obstruction: electromyographic
      study].
AB  - Colonic motility was evaluated in 15 patients with chronic constipation and 12
      healthy subjects by both measuring the transit time of 20 radiopaque markers and
      recording the colonic myoelectric signals by means of a silastic tube equipped
      with 4 ring contact electrodes. The tube was introduced by flexible sigmoidoscopy
      so as the electrodes be located at 50, 40, 30 and 20 cm from the anal verge.
      Constipation resulted from colonic inertia in 7 patients, the markers being
      delayed over the whole length of the colon. In the 8 other patients, constipation
      was due to distal obstruction, the markers accumulating electively in the rectum.
      The myoelectric tracings showed in the control subjects, on one hand rhythmical
      stationary spike potentials that occurred at only one electrode site at a mean
      rate of 10 per minute; on the other hand sporadic (non-rhythmic) spike potentials
      that were either propagating over the colonic segment (sporadic propagating
      potentials) or not (sporadic non-propagating potentials). In the constipated
      patients, the following changes were observed: 1) the number of sporadic
      propagating potentials was significantly decreased in colonic inertia (2.5 +/-
      1.3 bursts of spikes per hour) compared to the controls (8.5 +/- 1.1 bursts/h) or
      distal obstruction (7.9 +/- 1.3 bursts/h); 2) sporadic propagating potentials
      usually moved aborally; however, 19.8 +/- 0.9 p. 100 moved orally in colonic
      obstruction, while 4.6 +/- 0.2 p. 100 in the controls and 4.7 +/- 0.1 p. 100 in
      colonic inertia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018483
TI  - [Effect of fundus vagotomy on the gastric emptying of the solids and liquids of a
      meal in patients with and without postoperative duodenal ulcer recurrence].
AB  - The effects of fundic vagotomy (FV) on gastric emptying in the solid and liquid
      phases of a meal were studied by an isotopic technique in 12 patients with
      duodenal ulcer. Postoperative results were compared with those obtained in the
      same subjects before FV and with control values obtained in an identical group of
      healthy subjects. Early gastric emptying (perprandial) of the two phases of the
      meal was enhanced by FV but the results failed to reach statistical significance.
      Gastric emptying of liquids, measured during the 3 h following the end of the
      meal, was not significantly modified by FV (half-emptying times: 62 +/- 5 min
      before FV, 75 +/- 8 min after and 65 +/- 7 min for controls). That of solids was
      significantly delayed by FV (per cent emptied by min: 0.50 +/- 0.02 p. 100 before
      FV, 0.40 +/- 0.03 p. 100 after, and 0.49 +/- 0.02 p. 100 for controls); this
      delay was found in all but one patient, but the difference was very slight.
      Eleven of the 12 investigated patients cured by the operation, were compared with
      6 subjects presenting with post FV recurrence: gastric emptying rates of solids
      (0.41 +/- 0.02 p. 100/min and 0.47 +/- 0.07 p. 100/min) and half emptying times
      of liquids (72 +/- 10 min and 61 +/- 10 min) were not significantly different.
      Thus, the gastric emptying rate of an ordinary meal remains practically unchanged
      by FV and postoperative recurrences of duodenal ulcer cannot be explained by
      alteration of gastric evacuation.

PMID- 4018484
TI  - [Histochemical changes of the intestinal mucus in benign and malignant lesions of
      the colon and rectum].
AB  - The purpose of this work was to assess the presence of an abnormal production of
      sialomucins in different pathological conditions using high iron diamine-Alcian
      blue staining. Sixty patients with a colorectal tumor and 95 subjects with either
      a normal colonic mucosa or suffering from non-malignant colorectal disease were
      studied. An increased production of sialomucins was searched in the first group
      on the mucosa of the tumor, on the transitional mucosa and on the surgical
      resection margins respectively and in the second group, on the colonic mucosa. A
      retrospective study was also performed on 48 patients who underwent curative
      resection for colorectal tumor. Twenty-four of those patients subsequently
      developed local tumor recurrence whereas the 24 other patients remained free of
      recurrence. The prospective study showed the presence of a constantly increased
      production of sialomucins in the neoplastic mucosa. These abnormalities were
      found in: 85 p. 100 of cases in the transitional mucosa, in 42 p. 100 and 25 p.
      100 of the proximal and distal resection margins respectively, and in 73 p. 100
      of patients with dysplasia. The retrospective study showed that 83 p. 100 of
      patients suffering from local recurrent tumors had an increased production of
      sialomucins whereas only 8 p. 100 of patients free of local recurrence presented
      such an abnormal production. This study confirms the presence of an increased
      production of sialomucins in various pathological colorectal conditions. It
      suggests that it is possible to individualize a high risk group of patients who
      might justify a closer follow-up with appropriate therapy.

PMID- 4018485
TI  - [Hepatotoxic amiodarone?].

PMID- 4018486
TI  - [Course of chronic hepatitis related to B virus in children. Study of serum viral
      DNA].
AB  - Nineteen children with chronic hepatitis related to the hepatitis B virus were
      followed for an average of 6 years. The determination of the hepatitis B virus
      DNA in the serum allowed us to know the state of viral replication. Thus three
      groups of patients could be defined: the first in which replication remained
      active during the total period of follow-up; the second in which the extinction
      of replication was observed; the third in which replication was inactive from the
      beginning of the serological follow-up. Symptoms, high levels of
      aminotransferases and histologically aggressive lesions, sometimes with
      cirrhosis, were more frequent in the presence of viral DNA. During the decrease
      of the replication, a clear-cut and time-limited increase of serum
      aminotransferase levels was often noted. After the disappearance of hepatitis B
      virus DNA in the serum, clinical signs could be found only in children with
      cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Four cases of hepatitis with initial
      aggressive lesions led to persistent chronic hepatitis without viral DNA in the
      serum. In all but one of the patients who started with an aggressive form, viral
      DNA disappeared in the serum. This loss occurred later and only in 2 patients of
      5 who presented initially with chronic persistent hepatitis. Thus a long period
      of follow-up in childhood chronic hepatitis related to B virus shows frequent
      inactivation of viral replication. This evolution seemed to occur earlier when
      the initial histological lesions were aggressive as if this aggressiveness
      favored the elimination of the virus and the presence of specific antibodies in
      the serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018487
TI  - [Plasmacytoma of the head of the pancreas: a rare cause of cholestatic jaundice].
AB  - A case of plasmacytoma of the head of the pancreas in a 75-year-old woman,
      revealed by obstructive jaundice, is reported. The tumor, which compressed the
      main bile duct, appeared to be round on sonographic and endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiographic investigations. Sonographically guided needle biopsy was
      performed but led to the erroneous diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
      Choledochojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy were then performed but the patient
      died 10 days after the operation. Pathological examination of the specimens
      obtained at autopsy showed that the pancreatic tumor (as well as an other osseous
      lesion) were plasmacytomas with cells containing G immunoglobulins of the lambda
      type. Despite the failure of needle biopsy to lead to correct diagnosis in this
      case, the potential value of this method remains unequivocal as reported
      previously. Indeed, when positive results are obtained by this method in visceral
      localizations of plasmacytoma, hazardous surgery may be avoided and radiation
      and/or chemotherapy may be chosen preferentially.

PMID- 4018488
TI  - [Acute hepatopathy caused by amiodarone. Study of a case and review of the
      literature].
AB  - The authors report the case of a non-alcoholic 73-year-old man, treated for
      arrhythmia with amiodarone for 2 months, and hospitalized because of jaundice and
      hepatomegaly. There was an important increase in serum alkaline phosphatase
      activity (4 times the normal value) and a moderate increase in the serum activity
      of transaminases (3-4 times the normal value). Endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiography was normal. Serum markers of virus B and tissue antibodies were
      absent. Histological examination of a liver specimen disclosed portal and
      periportal fibrosis, mixed inflammatory infiltrate of the portal spaces, and
      ductular proliferation. Lamellar lysosomal inclusions were demonstrated on
      electron microscopy. Outcome was favorable after withdrawal of amiodarone. This
      report, as well as the 7 previously published cases, cannot explain the
      pathogenesis of amiodarone-induced liver changes.

PMID- 4018489
TI  - [Gastroesophageal reflux and respiratory manifestations].

PMID- 4018490
TI  - [Concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen and ferritin in pleural and ascitic
      effusion of various origins].

PMID- 4018491
TI  - [Primary biliary cirrhosis: 10 cases followed for 10 years in Israel].

PMID- 4018492
TI  - [Hepatotoxicity of sulindac. A new case].

PMID- 4018493
TI  - Cimetidine vs a combination of antacid and anticholinergic for hospitalized
      patients with gastric ulcer.
AB  - One hundred and eighty-five inpatients with ulcer in the gastric corpus and angle
      were treated with either 1 g cimetidine per day or with a combination of antacid
      and anticholinergic. At 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after entry into the study, the ulcer
      had healed in 3.3, 30.4, 55.4 and 87.0 per cent of patients treated with
      cimetidine, as compared with 0, 12.9, 51.6 and 73.1 per cent of those treated
      with a combination of antacid and anticholinergic (NS., p less than 0.01, NS., p
      less than 0.05), respectively. Factors that had a delaying effect on ulcer
      healing were seen more frequently in the cimetidine group. Thus, cimetidine
      proved to be superior to a combination of antacid and anticholinergic, for the
      treatment of gastric ulcer.

PMID- 4018494
TI  - Hyperglycemia induces intestinal sucrase activity in subtotally pancreatectomized
      rats.
AB  - The effects of experimental diabetes, hypertonic glucose infusion, and subsequent
      insulin administration on the sucrase activity of the small intestine were
      studied using intestinal segments completely excluded from luminal continuity by
      construction of Thiry-Vella fistulas in rats. Eight weeks after subtotal
      pancreatectomy, the rats contracted insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus, and
      sucrase activity was enhanced in both the Thiry-Vella loop and in the proximal
      jejunum in continuity. Subcutaneous injections of insulin during the last 4 weeks
      maintained the enzyme activity in the control range in both segments. There was a
      positive correlation between sucrase activity and blood glucose level in the
      pancreatectomized rats. Hyperglycemia in normal rats induced by intravenous
      infusion of 30% glucose solution over 48 hours enhanced the sucrase activity in
      the jejunum. Furthermore, insulin administration with a glucose solution
      inhibited the enhancement of enzyme activity. These findings suggest that
      hyperglycemia itself might play an important role in the diabetic increment of
      sucrase activity.

PMID- 4018495
TI  - Studies on the effect of glucagon on human pancreatic secretion by analysis of
      endoscopically obtained pure pancreatic juice.
AB  - The effect of glucagon on human exocrine pancreatic secretion was evaluated in
      ten patients by analysis of pure pancreatic juice. Pancreatic juice was obtained
      by endoscopic cannulation of the pancreatic duct at 2-min intervals during
      constant intravenous infusion of secretin (1 U per kg of body weight per hr) plus
      caerulein (0.04 micrograms per kg of body weight per hr). Since steady secretion
      was established 20 minutes after the start of juice collection, a further five 2
      min fractions were collected as controls, then constant intravenous infusion of
      glucagon (15 micrograms per kg of body weight per hr) was commenced. Pancreatic
      juice was collected for a further 20 minutes. The control fractions and post
      glucagon fractions were compared in each patient using Student's test. Glucagon
      depressed secretin-caerulein-stimulated pancreatic secretions. More uniform
      reductions were observed in the concentration and output of protein and enzymes.
      Individual variations were observed in the secretory volume and bicarbonate
      concentration and output. Amylase and lipase were depressed in a parallel fashion
      in seven patients and in the remaining three, amylase was more depressed than
      lipase. The post-glucagon reduction in pancreatic secretion was not proportional
      to the rise in plasma glucagon and blood glucose.

PMID- 4018496
TI  - Hexose and hexosamine concentrations in human pancreatic juice.
AB  - Hexose and hexosamine contents were measured in 117 samples of either duodenal or
      pancreatic juice from 49 subjects. The specimens were obtained by three methods:
      firstly, through a Dreiling's double lumen tube and with a pancreozymin secretin
      test performed simultaneously; secondly, by fiber duodenoscopy after an
      intravenous injection of secretin; thirdly, through a postoperative cannula
      without stimulation. The hexose content measured by phenol-sulfuric acid reaction
      correlated well with the hexosamine content measured by the Elson-Morgan method
      (r = 0.63, p less than 0.005). Since determination of hexose is not as
      complicated as that of hexosamine, the measurement of hexose content in the
      pancreatic juice seems to be more useful than measuring hexosamine for obtaining
      valuable information on pancreatic abnormalities.

PMID- 4018497
TI  - Motilin: a mechanism incorporating the opossum lower esophageal sphincter into
      the migrating motor complex.
AB  - The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) exhibits cyclical phasic contractile
      activity synchronous with phases II and III of the gastric migrating motor
      complex. Motilin has been implicated in this process, although the exact
      mechanism is unknown. The effect of motilin on LES pressure and on
      gastrointestinal myoelectric activity was examined in 8 unanesthetized opossums.
      Intraluminal pressure was recorded by a manometric assembly incorporating a
      sleeve device. Myoelectric activity was recorded from the stomach, duodenum, and
      jejunum via implanted electrodes. The opossum LES exhibited cyclical periods of
      phasic contractions synchronous with phases II and III of the gastric migrating
      motor complex cycle. Variations in the occurrence and magnitude of the phasic LES
      pressure waves paralleled the spontaneous cyclic fluctuations in the level of
      circulating plasma motilin. Pulse doses of exogenous motilin (25-400 ng/kg)
      elicited a contractile LES response that mimicked the spontaneous migrating motor
      complex-related phasic LES contractions. This effect was dose related with the
      maximal response occurring at a motilin dose of 100 ng/kg. The LES response to
      motilin was abolished by hexamethonium and significantly antagonized by atropine
      and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide, but was not affected by
      pirenzepine, phentolamine, or naloxone. The study findings support the hypothesis
      that cyclic increases in circulating endogenous motilin incorporate phasic LES as
      well as gastric contractile activity into the gastrointestinal migrating motor
      complex cycle. Motilin acts on the LES by the preganglionic stimulation of
      cholinergic nerves.

PMID- 4018498
TI  - Substrate-level energy dependence of acid secretion in the isolated human gastric
      mucosa.
AB  - The substrate-level energy dependence of acid secretion was investigated in the
      human gastric mucosa in vitro using biopsy specimens obtained during fiberoptic
      gastroscopy in symptomatic patients. The oxygen consumption and the accumulation
      of aminopyrine were used as indexes of secretory activity. Basal and histamine
      stimulated oxygen uptake by fundic biopsy specimens were not affected by
      medications (pethidine and diazepam) administered during gastroscopy. Under
      substrate-depleted conditions, the oxygen consumption and the aminopyrine
      accumulation of fundic mucosa were not significantly increased by histamine.
      Stimulation of functional activities by gastric secretagogues was observed only
      in the presence of exogenous substrates. The ability of various substrates to
      support acid formation in the presence of gastric secretagogues was evaluated.
      Carbohydrates were found to be effective substrates in supporting the functional
      responses of the tissue, with glucose being the most effective. Propionate,
      butyrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and octanoate were ineffective as substrates.
      Glucose by itself, but not butyrate, significantly increased oxygen uptake and
      aminopyrine accumulation. The results suggest that the human gastric mucosa, in
      vitro, has an absolute requirement for metabolic substrates to support secretory
      responses and that carbohydrates seem to be the preferential substrates.

PMID- 4018499
TI  - Control of gastric pH with cimetidine: boluses versus primed infusions.
AB  - Previous studies suggest that antacids are more effective than intravenous
      cimetidine in maintaining the gastric pH above 4.0 in acutely ill patients. We
      hypothesized that this was because blood levels of cimetidine are not sustained
      at therapeutic levels with the bolus doses. The purpose of this study was to
      compare gastric pH and serum cimetidine levels when cimetidine was administered
      as bolus versus infusion. We studied 23 acutely ill patients who received
      intravenous cimetidine given as boluses and primed infusions. The gastric pH
      could be maintained above 4.0 with infusions of up to 50 mg/h (1200 mg/day) in 20
      patients, compared with only 5 patients with bolus administrations of up to 300
      mg every 6 h (1200 mg/day). The differences in ability to maintain the gastric pH
      above 4.0 were entirely due to the reduced ability of bolus infusion to maintain
      an adequate serum level. Neither technique could maintain the pH above 4.0 in 3
      patients, all of whom had received cimetidine recently. A gastric pH greater than
      4.0 correlated directly with a therapeutic serum cimetidine level. We conclude
      that infusions of cimetidine are better able to sustain therapeutic blood levels
      and, therefore, are superior to bolus cimetidine in maintaining gastric pH above
      4.0. Some patients, however, may not respond to cimetidine even if therapeutic
      levels are achieved and may require supplemental antacids.

PMID- 4018500
TI  - Balloon dilatation of upper digestive tract strictures.
AB  - The results of balloon dilatation of upper digestive tract stricture in 111
      patients were evaluated. Eighty-eight patients had esophageal strictures and 23
      had gastric or pyloric strictures. Thirty-six patients had strictures associated
      with previous operations. Twenty-two percent of the patients with esophageal
      strictures had malignancies. Overall, 92% were successfully dilated, with a
      complication rate of 3%. Follow-up information was available in 95% of patients.
      Eighty-seven percent of living patients experienced symptomatic improvement,
      which lasted for a median period of 12 mo. Forty percent required a further
      procedure during the period of follow-up. We found no difference between
      esophageal strictures and gastric or pyloric strictures in success rate,
      complications, or need for further dilatation, although patients with esophageal
      strictures were more apt to have symptomatic improvement. Postoperative
      strictures responded as well as nonoperative strictures. Previously dilated
      strictures in patients with esophageal reflux were managed as successfully as
      strictures never before dilated. We found balloon dilatation of upper digestive
      tract stricture to be a safe, effective technique.

PMID- 4018501
TI  - Nifedipine: a potent inhibitor of contractions in the body of the human
      esophagus. Studies in healthy volunteers and patients with the nutcracker
      esophagus.
AB  - Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits lower esophageal sphincter
      pressure but has only minimal effect on esophageal contractions. We investigated
      the effects of nifedipine on esophageal contractions in 5 healthy volunteers and
      10 patients with the nutcracker esophagus. Nifedipine (10, 20, 30 mg) or placebo
      was ingested as capsules in a double-blind design on 4 separate days. In
      volunteers, mean distal amplitude decreased 16.6%, 38.4%, and 49.0% as the
      nifedipine dose was increased. These changes were significantly (p less than
      0.05) different from the placebo response and were sustained with higher doses.
      Patients with the nutcracker esophagus had a similar response, decreasing mean
      distal amplitude significantly (p less than 0.05) by 16.3%, 36.2%, and 54.2%. In
      both groups, nifedipine also had a significant (p less than 0.05) dose-dependent
      depressant effect on distal duration, although to a lesser degree than on
      amplitude. The percent decrease in distal amplitude showed good correlation (p
      less than 0.01) with plasma nifedipine concentrations at 60 min. These studies
      suggest nifedipine may be useful in the treatment of motility disorders of the
      esophageal body.

PMID- 4018502
TI  - Effects of morphine and atropine on motility and transit in the human ileum.
AB  - We examined motility of the ileocecal region, pressures at the ileocecal
      sphincter, and ileal flow after therapeutic doses of morphine and atropine. Using
      a factorial design in two cells of 8 (2(3] subjects, drugs were given during
      fasting and postcibally. Morphine (100 micrograms/kg body wt as a bolus
      intravenously) and atropine (7 micrograms/kg body wt as a bolus) stimulated
      migrating bursts of phasic activity (similar to phase III of the migrating motor
      complex). Morphine initially stimulated ileal flow, but atropine could not be
      shown to have this effect. Atropine reduced markedly the occurrence of sporadic
      pressure waves in the ileum, but morphine did not. Whereas atropine delayed mouth
      to-ileum transit of polyethylene glycol, given in a mixed meal, morphine did not.
      Naloxone, in the dosage used (40 micrograms/kg body wt as a bolus, followed by 10
      micrograms/kg body wt X h) had no independent effects on motility or flow, but
      did blunt the stimulatory effects of morphine and atropine on migrating motor
      complexes. We could not demonstrate an effect of any drug on the transit of
      lactulose from terminal ileum to cecum. Neither morphine nor atropine had
      impressive effects on tone at the ileocecal sphincter. These observations, while
      not specifying the mechanisms for constipation after opiates or anticholinergics,
      highlight the complexities of small bowel transit in humans and point out that
      the antidiarrheal effects of drugs are probably multifactorial.

PMID- 4018503
TI  - Active and inactive replication of hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid in
      chronic liver disease.
AB  - Little is known about the replicative forms of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the
      liver in chronic liver disease. We therefore analyzed HBV DNA and the changes in
      DNA signals after endonuclease digestion in liver tissues taken from 64 patients
      with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive chronic liver disease. The "active"
      replication pattern, which included various replicative intermediates, was seen
      in 36 of 38 (95%) hepatitis B e antigen-seropositive patients. This pattern was
      also found in 5 of 26 (19%) hepatitis B e antigen-seronegative patients who
      showed the highest mean serum alanine aminotransferase level (403 +/- 184 mU/ml).
      Most of them had advanced liver disease. Episomal viral DNA of an "inactive" type
      having only the supercoiled form was found in 3 patients; they showed the lowest
      mean serum alanine aminotransferase level (27 +/- 7 mU/ml) and only mild liver
      disease. As with duck HBV infection, episomal replicative forms of human HBV
      could be resolved by Southern blot analysis and seem to have clinical
      implications in human HBV infection.

PMID- 4018504
TI  - Metabolism of lithocholic and chenodeoxycholic acids in the squirrel monkey.
AB  - Metabolism of lithocholic acid (LCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was studied
      in the squirrel monkey to clarify the mechanism of the lack of toxicity of CDCA
      in this animal. Radioactive LCA was administered to squirrel monkeys with biliary
      fistula. Most radioactivity was excreted in the bile in the form of unsulfated
      lithocholyltaurine. The squirrel monkey thus differs from humans and chimpanzees,
      which efficiently sulfate LCA, and is similar to the rhesus monkey and baboon in
      that LCA is poorly sulfated. When labeled CDCA was orally administered to
      squirrel monkeys, less than 20% of the dosed radioactivity was recovered as LCA
      and its further metabolites in feces over 3 days, indicating that bacterial
      metabolism of CDCA into LCA is strikingly less than in other animals and in
      humans. It therefore appears that LCA, known as a hepatotoxic secondary bile
      acid, is not accumulated in the squirrel monkey, not because of its rapid
      turnover through sulfation, but because of the low order of its production.

PMID- 4018505
TI  - Effect of mucous glycoprotein on nucleation time of human bile.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether mucous glycoprotein is the
      nucleating factor responsible for the rapid in vitro nucleation time of
      gallbladder bile from persons with cholesterol gallstones. Ultracentrifugation
      and ultrafiltration of abnormal bile removed all detectable mucous glycoprotein,
      yet bile that had been filtered exhibited as rapid a nucleation time as
      unfiltered bile. When abnormal bile was heated to 95 degrees C for 60 min,
      nucleation time was significantly prolonged. Rapid nucleation time could be
      restored to heated abnormal bile by addition of small volumes of unheated bile.
      Purified human mucous glycoprotein accelerated nucleation time of human bile, but
      mucous glycoprotein from control patients was as effective as that from gallstone
      patients. There was a direct relationship between mucous glycoprotein
      concentration and effect on nucleation time. Mucous glycoprotein may be important
      in the early stages of stone formation, but it is probably not the agent
      responsible for the sharp discrimination between control bile and gallbladder
      bile from patients with cholesterol stones found in the in vitro nucleation time
      test. The markedly prolonged nucleation time of heated abnormal bile is
      preliminary evidence that the nucleating factor may be a heat-labile protein
      other than mucous glycoprotein.

PMID- 4018506
TI  - Chylomicronemia induced by cimetidine.
AB  - A 35-yr-old man with moderate hypertriglyceridemia, associated with a positive
      family history for hyperlipidemia, developed chylomicronemia with abdominal pain,
      muscle pain, and splenomegaly while being treated with cimetidine for a duodenal
      ulcer. The chylomicronemia and the pain subsided after the drug was stopped. When
      the patient was rechallenged with the drug 6 mo later, the chylomicronemia
      reappeared after a treatment period of 6 days. Chylomicronemia and its
      complications should therefore be considered as a potential risk when cimetidine
      is prescribed to patients with known hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 4018507
TI  - Revised classification of pancreatitis. Report of the Second International
      Symposium on the Classification of Pancreatitis in Marseille, France, March 28
      30, 1984.

PMID- 4018509
TI  - A vascular cause of Hirschsprung's disease?

PMID- 4018508
TI  - Presence of hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid in human tissues under
      unexpected circumstances.

PMID- 4018510
TI  - 5-aminosalicylic acid for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.

PMID- 4018511
TI  - Roux-en-Y syndrome.

PMID- 4018512
TI  - Occult blood in colorectal cancer.

PMID- 4018513
TI  - [Problems of pregnancy and labor in drug addicts].
AB  - Obstetrical problems during pregnancy and labor of drug-dependent female
      patients. Drug-abuse during pregnancy constitutes an increase of risks as well to
      the pregnant woman and the fetus as to the mother and to the newborn. In a
      retrospective study the problems of antenatal care and therapy and the effect on
      the fetal outcome are discussed.

PMID- 4018514
TI  - [Comparison between the radioimmunologic measurement of plasma E2 and estrogen
      determination in urine using a hemagglutination inhibition test].
AB  - To prove the diagnostic value of a new haemagglutination inhibition test (HI
      Estrotec), urinary and plasma oestrogens were simultaneously measured in 42
      stimulated cycles of 40 women of the Erlangen IVF programme. Comparing the
      results of all paired samples, there was a correlation coefficient r = 0.6968.
      Correlating the total oestrogens in the early morning urine with the plasma-E2,
      the coefficient was r = 0.641. In 26 cases of the 42 stimulated cycles egg
      retrieval could be performed. Averaging the daily values of these women the
      graphs of E2 and urinary oestrogens show nearly parallel curves with maximal
      values on the same day, i.e. the first day after HCG application. Comparing the
      two curves of the individual patient, in 14 of 26 cases there are differences of
      more than 24 hours between the maximal values of urinary and plasma oestrogens.
      The advantages of the HI-Estrotec-Assay are: Simple handling without special
      demands on the laboratory equipment. The results can be obtained after two hours
      already. The possibility to measure several times a day without great effort. The
      disadvantage is: The delayed appearance of the hormones in the urine. To induce
      ovulation with HCG, however, actual parameters are indispensable. If the
      ovulation is triggered by the endogenous LH surge the diagnostic value of the new
      assay is sufficient when it is combined with an LH monitoring.

PMID- 4018515
TI  - [In-vitro-fertilization: chromosome analysis of unfertilized human oocytes].
AB  - Chromosomal abnormalities and abnormal embryonic development have been observed
      after human in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Such investigations are not permitted
      according to the ethical guidelines approved by the IVF team in Berlin ("Berliner
      Modell"). However, the chromosomal status was studied in oocytes which remained
      unfertilised in a human IVF programme. In 50 fertilisation attempts the
      chromosomes of 62 oocytes could be analysed. 45 of the oocytes were in the
      process of meiotic maturation. One of these showed abnormalities in the first
      meiotic division and seven during the second meiotic division. After
      fertilisation in addition to normal embryos, all of which were transferred to the
      mother, three embryos were triploid and six oocytes were fragmented. The results
      prove that in human IVF chromosome abnormalities can occur in oocytes already
      before fertilisation. The importance of the results for later stages of embryonic
      development is discussed.

PMID- 4018516
TI  - [Corporofundal partial peripheral bladder denervation as surgical therapy of urge
      incontinence].
AB  - Urge incontinence places a considerable burden on incontinence treatment. The
      autonomous nerve supply of the bladder is effected via two anatomically clearly
      separate ways. On the one hand, we have the accessory innervation via the fascia
      endopelvina, whereas on the other hand fibres from the plexus pelvicus as the
      classical site of innervation penetrate into the bladder. Transection of the
      fascia endopelvina followed by detachment of the plexus pelvicus from the lateral
      bladder wall in the course of separation of the bladder and levator enables
      corporofundal partial peripheral bladder denervation. By this procedure both
      afferent and efferent nerve fibres are transected. As a result, excess autonomous
      impulses are reduced, thus effecting favourable reduction of the urge
      incontinence pattern. This method is quite fascinating not only because it is
      easily translated into practice, offers ideal vaginal access, and is reproducible
      at all times, but also because it can be utilised as a therapeutic tool in the
      treatment of urge incontinence, and because it can be integrated in an optimal
      manner into the standard incontinence and descensus programme. A failure rate of
      3% is hardly ever exceeded. Compared with the other methods described so far,
      which are mostly very severe in their effect and highly specialised, the
      advantages of corporofundal partial peripheral bladder denervation point towards
      considerable chances to translate the method into practical reality.

PMID- 4018517
TI  - [Chlamydia trachomatis--studies on the reliability of its detection in
      Papanicolaou preparations].
AB  - In a matched group of 104 chlamydia culture-positive and 104 culture-negative
      women, the correlation between simultaneous cultures and cytological findings in
      the Papanicolaou smear was studied. Cellular changes in metaplastic cells that
      are described in the literature as being specific for Chlamydia trachomatis, were
      not associated with genital chlamydial infection. In particular the reported high
      sensitivity of intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies could not be confirmed.
      Likewise, even severe inflammatory changes and a high concentration of
      lymphocytes were also no reliable diagnostic indicator. The authors conclude that
      the Papanicolaou smear is not useful as a routine screening method for genital
      chlamydial infection.

PMID- 4018518
TI  - [Solitary neurofibroma of the lumbosacral plexus. Case report].
AB  - The article describes a case of a solitary neurofibroma of the plexus
      lumbosacralis causing pain and incomplete leg paresis. Complete relief was
      obtained by total extirpation of the tumour, a procedure which must be regarded
      as the method of choice. Pain and pareses in the lower extremities require
      differential diagnostic consideration of rare neurogenic tumours of the
      peripheral nervous system in the regions of the pelvis and plexus lumbosacralis.
      Neurological examination by a specialist is of significant importance
      preoperatively to determine the seat of the tumour and to assess the
      postoperative course.

PMID- 4018519
TI  - [Normalization of the physico-chemical properties of blood by hemosorption after
      its long-term preservation].

PMID- 4018520
TI  - [Viability of autologous and donor erythrocytes after different periods of
      preservation in patients with burns during acute toxemia and septicemia].

PMID- 4018521
TI  - [Detoxication of the body by direct replacement of blood in extensive burns].

PMID- 4018522
TI  - [Relation between erythrocyte resistance and antioxidative enzyme activity].

PMID- 4018523
TI  - [Functional state of erythrocytes in persons engaging in healthful running].

PMID- 4018524
TI  - [Fibronectin of blood plasma].

PMID- 4018525
TI  - [A continuous action blood fractionator].

PMID- 4018526
TI  - ["Preleukemia": clinico-laboratory characteristics of 28 patients].

PMID- 4018527
TI  - [Disorders of karyotype of hematopoietic cells in preleukemic states].

PMID- 4018528
TI  - [Disputable problems of classification of malignant lymphoproliferative
      diseases].

PMID- 4018529
TI  - [Immunity factors and nonspecific anti-infection defense in hairy cell leukemia].

PMID- 4018530
TI  - [Characteristics of the metabolism of erythrocytes in pregnant women with
      anemia].

PMID- 4018531
TI  - [Immunologic status of children after splenectomy in trauma].

PMID- 4018532
TI  - [Effect of repeated administration of dexamethasone on various indicators of
      erythropoiesis].

PMID- 4018533
TI  - [Preleukemia].

PMID- 4018534
TI  - The binding of isocyanides to cytochrome P-450 from mouse hepatic microsomes.
AB  - The spectral interactions of a number of isocyanides with cytochrome P-450 were
      investigated. An interaction between the hydrophobic nature of the side chain and
      the spectral interaction was apparent. The concentration of the isocyanide
      affected the stability of the complex. Phenyl isocyanide dichloride was
      determined to be an acceptable replacement for ethyl isocyanide for the
      characterization of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 4018536
TI  - Effects of calcium antagonists on smooth muscle membranes of the canine stomach.
AB  - In circular muscles of the canine stomach, diltiazem (greater than 3 X 10(-6)M)
      depolarized and nicardipine (greater than 10(-6)M) hyperpolarized the membrane.
      Diltiazem (greater than 5 X 10(-6)M) or nicardipine (greater than 3 X 10(-7M)
      inhibited the plateau potential of spontaneously generated or electrically evoked
      action potential. In Na-deficient solution (between 137 and 30 mM Na), diltiazem
      and nicardipine selectively inhibited the plateau potential. In Na- (15 mM Na) or
      Ca-deficient (0.25 mM Ca) solution, spontaneously generated action potential
      ceased, and only graded responses were evoked by electrical stimulation. These
      graded responses were inhibited by diltiazem (greater than 5 X 10(-6)M) or
      nicardipine (greater than 3 X 10(-7)M). The ionic contribution for generation of
      action potential in this muscle cell was discussed in relation to actions of Ca
      antagonists.

PMID- 4018535
TI  - Spectral interactions of piperonyl butoxide and isocyanides with purified hepatic
      cytochrome P-450 from uninduced mice.
AB  - The binding of isocyanides and the metabolites of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to
      reduced cytochrome P-450 in intact microsomes gives rise to the type III optical
      difference spectrum which is characterized by two pH dependent peaks in the Soret
      region. Each of the purified cytochrome P-450 isozymes (A1, B1, B2, B3)
      metabolized PBO and produced a spectrum in the Soret region. Only the A1 fraction
      produced the pH dependent type III spectrum. The B1 fraction produced a spectrum
      with only one peak at 430 nm while the spectrum produced by both the B2 and B3
      fractions contained only the 455 nm peak. Each of the isozymes produce pH
      dependent type III spectra with both ethyl isocyanide and phenyl isocyanide
      dichloride.

PMID- 4018537
TI  - Effect of adenosine 5'triphosphate (ATP) on the isolated rectum of the rainbow
      lizard Agama agama.
AB  - ATP but not adenosine contracts lizard isolated rectal muscles. Theophylline,
      quinidine, nifedipine and lack of Ca2+ inhibited ATP contractions, but
      dipyridamole, indomethacin, atropine, D-tubocurarine, phentolamine, L
      propranolol, cimetidine, mepyramine and methysergide did not significantly modify
      the contractions. ATP inhibited Ca2+-induced contractions in Na+-free, high K+
      media. In normal Ringer, it relaxed carbachol-contracted muscles and inhibited
      KCl contractions. The results suggest that ATP contractions are dependent upon
      external Ca2+, and are probably associated with extracellular Ca+ influx. The
      contractions appear to have occurred independently of receptor activation and may
      have been mediated by a depolarising action of the nucleotide. The relaxant
      effect of ATP possibly occurred as a consequence of inhibition of Ca2+ influx
      into carbachol or K+-depolarised muscles.

PMID- 4018538
TI  - Evidence for multiple sources of calcium involved on the contractile effects of
      agonists in the dog uterus. Influence of ovarian sexual hormones.
AB  - We compared the characteristics of Ca2+ pools involved in the contractile effect
      of acetylcholine (Ach), histamine (Hist), oxytocin (Oxy) and barium (Ba2+) in
      prepuberal untreated or estrogen plus progesterone dominated uteri. After Ca2+
      (0.2 mM) withdrawal different rates of decay for cited agonists were observed. If
      Ca2+ concentration was increased to 2.0 mM before the Ca2+ withdrawal, the t 1/2
      for Ach and Hist were markedly increased. Hormonal treatment significantly
      increase the rate of decay for all agonists except for Ba2+ independent of the
      initial Ca2+ concentration, suggesting that in this condition the tightly bound
      Ca2+ is absent.

PMID- 4018539
TI  - Effect of tetraethylammonium and verapamil on noradrenaline release induced by
      field electrical stimulation and potassium from cat cerebral and femoral
      arteries.
AB  - Tritium release evoked by field electrical stimulation (FES) or high potassium
      (K+) from cat cerebral and femoral arteries prelabelled with 3H-noradrenaline was
      investigated. The release induced by FES and K+ was reduced by Ca2+ suppression
      and tetrodotoxin (TTX) but not by verapamil in both vessels. Tetraethylammonium
      (TEA) increased tritium release evoked by FES and K+, when TTX plus TEA were
      added together radioactivity secretion induced by FES was practically abolished.
      These results indicate that FES or K+ induce exocytotic noradrenaline release
      mainly by propagated action potentials and by similar mechanisms in cerebral and
      femoral arteries.

PMID- 4018540
TI  - Dose-related effects of fentanyl on autonomic and behavioral responses in
      performance horses.
AB  - The dose-related effects of intravenously administered fentanyl (0.010, 0.005,
      0.0025 mg/kg) and saline were studied in mature performance horses using a
      rigorous experimental protocol. Fentanyl produced a dose-related prolongation of
      the skin twitch reflex latency but did not increase the hoof withdrawal reflex
      latency. Dose related increases in stepping frequency, cardiac and respiratory
      rats were observed following fentanyl, while changes in rectal temperature and
      pupil area were not. These data indicate that fentanyl, a prototypic mu-agonist,
      produces a syndrome characterized by analgesia, locomotor and sympathetic
      stimulation in the horse.

PMID- 4018541
TI  - Interaction of muscarinic drugs with their receptor.
AB  - Interaction of muscarinic drugs with their receptor was studied in the
      logitudinal muscle of guinea pig ileum. The pD2-value, the index for agonistic
      activity of a partial agonist was practically equal to its pA2-value, the index
      for competitive antagonistic activity and to its pKA-value which was a negative
      logarithm of a dissociation constant (KA), suggesting that the muscarinic drugs
      such as full and partial agonists and a competitive antagonist interacted with
      one binding site in the muscarinic receptor. Effects of a GTP-analogue, Gpp(NH)p
      (guanyl-5'-y limidodiphosphate) decreased affinities of full and partial agonists
      to the muscarinic receptor in a manner that was correlated with their efficacies.
      A relationship between the Hill's coefficients of the muscarinic drugs and their
      efficacies suggest that the ability to distinguish the agonist binding sites was
      related to their efficacy.

PMID- 4018542
TI  - Concentrations of ampicillin and cefadroxil in human serum and mixed saliva
      following a single oral administration of talampicillin and cefadroxil, and
      relationships between serum and mixed saliva concentrations.
AB  - The concentrations of ampicillin (ABPC) from talampicillin (TAPC) and cefadroxil
      (CDX) in serum and mixed saliva were assayed by the thin layer disc plate method.
      Talampicillin and cefadroxil (500 mg) were given by a single oral administration.
      The relationships between serum and mixed saliva ampicillin and cefadroxil
      concentrations were evaluated in the paired specimens collected from 10 different
      persons, respectively. The means of concentration ratios of mixed saliva to serum
      ampicillin and cefadroxil were 0.006 +/- 0.003 and 0.025 +/- 0.010 (mean +/- SD),
      respectively. Significant correlation coefficients between mixed saliva and serum
      concentrations were found for both ampicillin and cefadroxil, which were r =
      0.78, P less than 0.001, and r = 0.67, P less than 0.001, respectively.

PMID- 4018543
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of human lymphoblastoid interferon in rabbits.
AB  - By intravenous (bolus) administration of large amounts (29 Mega Units) of
      lymphoblastoid interferon into rabbits, it has been possible to detect
      circulating antiviral activity (0.02% of the dose) up to 18 hr post-injection and
      to determine for the first time the pharmacokinetic parameters. The slow
      component (elimination phase) has a half-life of 235 +/- 9 min. The total
      apparent volume of distribution is 2,564 +/- 1,497 ml which is far larger than
      the combined plasma-extracellular volumes. This suggests a IFN dilution due to
      its extensive binding to cell receptors. The clearance of 7.3 +/- 4.1 ml/min is
      an index of the rate of renal and cellular (internalization of the receptor
      ligand complex) catabolism of IFN. Pharmacokinetic parameters are useful for
      devising an administration schedule of IFN as an antiproliferative agent but are
      not predictive of an immunological response if IFN is used as an immuno-adjuvant.

PMID- 4018544
TI  - A possible explanation for a greater discrepant suppression by adenosine and N6
      cyclohexyl adenosine of the guinea-pig ileal contraction.
AB  - Adenosine and N6-cyclohexyl adenosine (CHA) reduced dose-dependently a twitch
      contraction of guinea-pig ileum and their IC50 values were 1.0 X 10(-5) and 1.1 X
      10(-8) M, respectively. By exposure to adenosine uptake and deaminase inhibitors,
      dipyridamole and erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA), the adenosine
      induced inhibition was enhanced, whereas the CHA-induced one was almost
      unchanged. Therefore, outstanding potency difference of the suppression by
      adenosine and CHA was minimized by concurrent addition of both the inhibitors.
      Uptakes of [3H]CHA into the guinea-pig ileum and taenia-coli were considerably
      lower than those of [3H]adenosine and were insensitive to dipyridamole. In the
      rat connective tissue segment, uptake of [3H]adenosine was smaller than that in
      the guinea-pig taenia-coli and ileal segments (especially, in the latter), and
      was virtually unaffected by 10(-5) M dipyridamole. These findings suggest that a
      greater discrepancy of the suppression by adenosine and CHA of the ileal twitch
      may substantially result from their different uptake and deamination in the
      synaptic region rather than their dissimilar intrinsic activity for the
      purinoceptor.

PMID- 4018545
TI  - Influence of antioxidants and radical scavengers on ethanol-induced gastric
      ulcers in the rat.
AB  - Sodium benzoate in doses which do not possess antisecretory properties, produced
      a dose-dependent reduction of ethanol-induced gastric lesions in the rat.
      Indomethacin pretreatment antagonized sodium benzoate-ulcer reducing properties
      indicating that this latter acts, at least in part, through stimulation of
      prostaglandins synthesis. Propyl gallate reduced ethanol-induced gastric lesions
      in doses which exert antisecretory properties.

PMID- 4018546
TI  - Zinc sulphate reduces activity-stress gastric lesions in rats.
AB  - Daily i.p. injections of zinc sulphate significantly reduced the frequency and
      severity of activity-stress gastric lesions in rats in a dose-related fashion.
      These lesions are believed to be of a non-acid etiology and respond primarily to
      centrally-acting agents. The present results suggest that some local factors
      contribute to activity-stress gastric damage.

PMID- 4018547
TI  - A quantitative morphological study of the effects of carbenoxolone sodium on
      duodenal goblet-cells of the rat.
AB  - A direct microscopic and microdensitometric examination was carried out on
      duodenal goblet-cells of non-fasted and fasted rats with and without
      carbenoxolone sodium treatment. The results of microdensitometric examination
      revealed a marked and significant increase of mucus production in the non-fasted
      and fasted rats pretreated for 2 hr with a single oral dose of carbenoxolone
      sodium at 100 mg/kg. Fasting alone also increased mucus production. On
      microscopic examination, the number of duodenal goblet-cells full of
      mucosubstances in the non-fasted and fasted rats receiving carbenoxolone sodium
      treatment was approximately 20% higher than in the controls.

PMID- 4018548
TI  - Differential alterations in brain sensitivity to amphetamine and
      pentylenetetrazol in socially deprived mice.
AB  - Mice deprived of social interactions for different periods of time (56, 69, 79,
      89 or 97 days) were studied. Social isolation increased both general activity
      observed in an open-field and amphetamine-induced hyperactivity; CNS
      responsiveness to pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions, however, decreased. The
      differences in general activity were detected after 69 and 79 days of social
      deprivation; the hyperactivity induced by amphetamine was greater after 79 days
      of isolation and the pentylenetetrazol CD50's were higher after 56, 69 and 79
      days of solitude. These data, obtained with mice, show first that isolation time
      is an important variable to display drug effects and secondly that long-term
      deprivation of social stimuli does not increase CNS susceptibility to all
      stimulant drugs. A combination of a higher release of catecholamines onto
      previously supersensitive receptors was considered to be involved with the
      differences observed.

PMID- 4018549
TI  - Biosynthesis of ecdysteroids from cholesterol by crab Y-organs, and eyestalk
      suppression of cholesterol uptake and secretory activity, in vitro.
AB  - Precursor incorporation studies were conducted in vitro with activated Y-organs
      from 48-hr de-eyestalked Cancer antennarius donors. When the glands were
      prelabeled in vivo by systemic injection of [3H]cholesterol 12 hr prior to
      removal, and subsequently incubated 24 hr in label-free medium, the glands
      secreted 3H-labeled ecdysone. The glands also secreted an unidentified
      ecdysteroid with comigrating 3H-label with characteristic retention time on
      normal-phase HPLC of 4 min (4-min unknown). The compound is less polar, and is
      secreted in a quantity and apparent specific activity approximately fivefold
      greater, than ecdysone. Compared with chromatographic retention times and
      competitive binding curves of authentic standards, the 4-min unknown was
      determined not to be ponasterone A, inokosterone, makisterone, or several other
      possible products or intermediates. In contrast with Y-organs from intact donors,
      those from de-eyestalked crabs exhibit greatly increased cholesterol uptake and
      secretion of both ecdysone and 4-min unknown in vitro. All three responses were
      suppressed in dose-dependent manner by eyestalk extract in the dose range, 1-4
      eyestalk equivalents/Y-organ. Secretion of 4-min unknown was the response most
      sensitive to eyestalk extract (requiring the least dose for 50% inhibition).

PMID- 4018550
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of growth hormone in the pituitary glands
      of two teleosts, tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus) and amago salmon
      (Oncorhynchus rhodurus).
AB  - Growth hormone (GH) cells were investigated with the protein A-gold technique on
      the pituitary glands of tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus) and amago salmon
      (Oncorhynchus rhodurus). By the use of specific antiserum against tilapia GH to
      both species, the immunoreactive gold particles were demonstrated to be
      preferentially located on the secretory granules of the GH cells. Specimens fixed
      only with periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) preserved the hormonal
      antigenicity well. Osmium postfixation, although considerably reducing the
      antigenicity and thus resulting in a decrease in number of the gold particles on
      the GH cells, gave much more satisfactory ultrastructural preservation and
      immunoreactive localization of immunoreactive material. This investigation
      demonstrated that, after combined fixation with PLP and PLP-osmium, we could
      determine the function of a given cell type in various endocrine organs as well
      as the precise antigenic sites in such cells.

PMID- 4018551
TI  - Seasonal changes in the testes and accessory reproductive organs and seasonal and
      circadian changes in plasma testosterone concentrations in the male grey squirrel
      (Sciurus carolinensis).
AB  - A 27-month study of cycles of regression and recrudescence of testis function in
      adult, grey squirrels in a natural environment in southern England has shown
      concomitant variation in mean testes weights, mean plasma testosterone
      concentrations, and mean weights of accessory sex organs, this variation being
      closely associated with months of the year. Testis regression occurred in the
      period June to August, the exact timing differing among individuals. In 1979-1980
      the testes of all squirrels then remained regressed for 7 months, whereas in the
      autumn of 1980 testes were regressed in most squirrels for 4 months. There was
      also evidence of testis regression in some individuals in March 1979 and March
      1981. Males born and housed in a small woodland enclosure in 1979-1980 and well
      fed with grain did not experience the long period of regressed testes. Plasma
      testosterone concentrations measured hourly over 24 hr in squirrels with large,
      active testes varied from 0.4 to 20 nmol/l, both within and between individuals,
      the higher concentrations being observed between midday and midnight. The range
      in the age of males at puberty, based on fusion of the epiphyses of the wrist,
      was 1.0 to 1.25 year. Juvenile males housed in a woodland enclosure together with
      adult males and females remained prepubertal up to 2 years of age.

PMID- 4018552
TI  - Morphological changes in the ovary of newly hatched chickens treated with
      chorionic gonadotropin during embryonic development.
AB  - The present study describes morphological changes produced in the ovary of newly
      hatched chickens by treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
      Morphometric measurements of the volume of steroidogenic cells and structures of
      the ovarian medulla were performed in controls and experimental chickens treated
      with hCG (1.0 IU/embryo) at 13, 15, and 17 days of embryonic development. After
      hCG treatment, the volume of interstitial cell cords increased, and modifications
      in poorly differentiated cells neighbouring the interstitial cells were also
      observed. Other changes obtained after hCG treatment were an increment in the
      development of the lacunar system and blood capillaries, as well as a reduction
      in the number of germ cells in the stroma of the ovarian medulla.

PMID- 4018553
TI  - Involvement of gonadotrophin and steroid hormones in spermiation in the amago
      salmon, Oncorhynchus rhodurus, and goldfish, Carassius auratus.
AB  - Effects of intraperitoneal injections of chum salmon gonadotrophin (SGA) and
      various steroid hormones (17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one; 17
      alpha,20 beta-diOHprog, 17 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone, testosterone, 11
      ketotestosterone) on the induction of in vivo spermiation were examined in
      nonspermiating amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus) and goldfish (Carassius
      auratus). A single injection of SGA to amago salmon and two successive injections
      to goldfish induced strong spermiation responses. Similarly two successive
      injections of 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHprog caused precocious spermiation in both
      species; however, the response to 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHprog was of lesser
      magnitude than that to SGA. The spermiation response of goldfish to 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone was similar to that of 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHprog. Neither
      testosterone nor 11-ketotestosterone were effective in inducing spermiation in
      amago salmon, but these steroids were found to be slightly effective in goldfish.
      Effects of a single injection of SGA on changes in serum levels of 17 alpha,20
      beta-diOHprog and 11-ketotestosterone were also examined in nonspermiating amago
      salmon. Serum levels of 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHprog dramatically increased after
      treatment and peaked on Day 2 and thereafter declined quickly. Similarly, 11
      ketotestosterone peaked on Day 2, but the levels remained high throughout the
      experimental period. Considered together, these findings are consistent with the
      suggestion that 17 alpha, 20 beta-diOHprog is involved in the process of
      spermiation in teleosts. It is further suggested that this hormone is a
      testicular steroidal mediator of gonadotrophin-induced spermiation in amago
      salmon.

PMID- 4018554
TI  - A profile of the intestinal mucosal corticosteroid receptors in the domestic
      duck.
AB  - The corticosteroid receptor profile of the intestinal tract of the domestic duck
      (maintained on either a low-sodium (LS) or a high-sodium (HS) diet) was
      investigated. Using tritiated triamcinolone acetonide (TA), corticosterone, or
      aldosterone as ligands, cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptors (MR, type I) and
      glucocorticoid receptors (GR, type II) were found in the mucosal cytosol of the
      jejunum and colon with the following binding parameters: LS jejunum GR-Kd, 3.4
      nM; Nmax, 245 fmol/mg protein; MR-Kd, 0.54 nM; Nmax, 35 fmol/ mg protein; colon
      GR-3.2 nM; Nmax, 531 fmol/mg protein; MR-Kd, 0.55 nM; Nmax, 113 fmol/mg protein;
      HS jejunum GR--Kd, 3.2 nM; Nmax, 531 fmol/mg protein; MR--Kd, 0.30 nM; Nmax, 50
      fmol/mg protein; colon GR--Kd, 1.1 nM; Nmax, 572 fmol/mg protein; MR--Kd, 0.68
      nM; Nmax, 221 fmol/mg protein. The diet little influenced the GR binding
      parameters, while the MR (aldosterone) binding parameters showed a down
      regulation following LS (high circulating aldosterone) diets. The competition
      hierarchy of radioinert steroids on the formation of the [3H]corticosterone
      receptor complex was corticosterone = cortisol = 11-deoxycorticosterone greater
      than aldosterone = TA = dexamethasone much greater than 11-deoxycortisol; with
      [3H]aldosterone, the competition was corticosterone = progesterone = 11
      deoxycorticosterone greater than aldosterone = cortisol = TA = dexamethasone
      greater than 11-deoxycortisol greater than 11-dehydrocorticosterone. The
      intestinal mucosal receptor was deactivated following treatment with trypsin. On
      linear sucrose gradients, receptor-ligand complexes sedimented with a single peak
      at 8.5 S (hypotonic gradient) and 4.0-4.5 S (hypertonic gradient), respectively.
      Heat-activated [3H]TA- and [3H]aldosterone-receptor complexes bound avidly to DNA
      cellulose and, upon ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, the presence of
      the negatively charged unactivated and the more positively charged activated
      complexes could be shown. The hydrodynamic parameters, determined by gel
      filtration chromatography, gave for all three ligand-receptor complexes molecular
      weight values from 334,000 to 351,000 and Stokes radii from 76.8 to 80.0 A. From
      these studies it was concluded that the duck intestinal tract possesses
      vertebrate-type GR and MR, though these receptors were much less specific than
      their mammalian counterparts. The duck intestinal corticosteroid receptor was
      found to be different from those of the teleost fish and anuran amphibian,
      establishing the possibility of a biochemical evolution in nonmammalian
      intestinal corticosteroid receptor conformation.

PMID- 4018555
TI  - Sensitivity and specificity of salamandrid integumental transepithelial potential
      to prolactin.
AB  - The effects of ovine prolactin (oPRL), bovine growth hormone (bGH) and human
      placental lactogen (hPL) on in vivo integumental transepithelial potential (TEP)
      were examined in two salamandrid urodeles, adult terrestrial-phase Taricha
      granulosa and the juvenile red-eft stage of Notophthalmus viridescens. TEP in
      efts treated with 1.0 microgram oPRL/2 days fell from 73.3 +/- 6.1 to 15.2 +/-
      5.5 mV by Day 7 (P less than 0.001), whereas the TEP of efts treated with either
      1.0 or 10 micrograms bGH/2 days remained at control levels for as long as 24
      days. TEP in efts treated with a single dose of 10 micrograms oPRL dropped from
      65.74 +/- 4.1 to 23.0 +/- 3.4 mV (P less than 0.01) in 3 days. Efts treated with
      various doses of oPRL showed a linear log total dose response over the range of
      0.05 to 10.0 micrograms oPRL/animal, with a minimum detectable total dose of 0.4
      micrograms/g (0.01 IU/g). In the same experiments, tail height increased by Day 7
      in efts treated every other day with 10.0 micrograms oPRL, but not 1.0 microgram
      oPRL or either 1.0 or 10.0 micrograms bGH/2 days. In Oregon newts injected every
      other day with 10 micrograms oPRL, TEP decreased by 33% in 8 days (P less than
      0.05), whereas in animals treated with 10 micrograms bGH/2 days, TEP did not
      change from control values even after 23 days. TEP in Oregon newts receiving a
      single dose of 100 micrograms oPRL dropped to 68% of initial values within 2 days
      (P less than 0.05), but subsequently recovered to control values 3 weeks after
      the last injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018556
TI  - Effects of dietary thyroid hormones on growth, plasma T3 and T4, and growth
      hormone in normal and hypothyroid chickens.
AB  - Cockerels and pullets fed with T3 or T4 for 2 weeks showed a decrease in both
      body weight gain and feed efficiency. The reduction in body weight gain and feed
      efficiency was dose related in cockerels where T3 or T4 were fed at 0.1, 1.0, and
      10.0 ppm levels. T3 and T4 at 0.1 and 1.0 ppm had no significant effects on
      growth or feed efficiency in pullets, but the 10.0-ppm level of T3 and T4 caused
      a reduction of -55.24 and -28.18%, respectively, in body weight gain as compared
      with control birds. T3 was more active than T4 in reducing growth and was toxic
      when fed at 10.0 ppm both in cockerels and pullets. Both propylthiouracil (PTU)-
      and methimazole-treated cockerels showed a decrease in rates of gain. T3 and T4
      at a dietary level of 0.1 ppm were equipotent in promoting growth in these PTU-
      and methimazole-treated cockerels, but 10.0 ppm caused a further reduction in
      body weight gain. Plasma T3 levels were found to be significantly higher in birds
      that were fed either T3 or T4. Plasma T4 levels were higher in T4-fed birds, but
      significantly lower in T3-fed birds as compared with controls. Both PTU- and
      methimazole-treated cockerels had significantly lower plasma T3 and T4
      concentrations, but elevated plasma GH concentrations. Dietary T3 and T4 at 1.0
      and 10.0 ppm significantly lowered plasma GH concentrations. In summary, these
      results indicated that T3 was more active than T4 in reducing body weight gain in
      intact normal birds, but that they were equally potent in promoting growth in PTU
      and methimazole-treated hypothyroid birds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018557
TI  - The in vitro metabolism of radioactive progesterone and testosterone by the
      gonads of the protandrous Rhabdosargus sarba at various sexual phases.
AB  - The in vitro steroidogenic capacity of the gonadal tissue in the protandrous
      Rhabdosargus sarba was studied. Testicular and ovarian tissues from various
      sexual phases were used either separately or combined. With progesterone as
      precursor, high yield of 5 beta-reduced metabolites, and no 11-ketotestosterone
      or 11 beta-hydroxytestosterone were found. The production of 5 beta-pregnan-3
      alpha-ol-20-one and 5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione was very high in incubations with
      testicular tissue from intersexes or males and was low in those with ovarian
      tissue only. The production of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was high in the
      female but was low in other sexual phases. With testosterone as precursor, 11
      ketotestoterone and 11 beta-hydroxytestosterone were identified. The latter was
      the most abundant and prominent polar steroid in all incubations. 5 beta
      Reductase activity was high in the male and relatively low in the female. 5 alpha
      Reduced products, however, were absent. There was an increase in the production
      of androstenedione as the animal underwent sex reversal. The significance of this
      change in steroidogenesis in this protandrous fish is at present under
      investigation. Experimental results also indicated that in the intersexual gonad
      there may be interaction between the testicular component and the ovarian
      component in steroidgenesis.

PMID- 4018558
TI  - Seasonal variations in plasma testosterone concentrations in the male marsupial
      bandicoot Isoodon macrourus in captivity.
AB  - Although bandicoots in Queensland mate throughout the year, the majority of
      births occur in late winter and spring. To ascertain whether this seasonality in
      mating is manifest in the male reproductive system; body weight, testes size, and
      plasma testosterone concentration were examined in eight bandicoots throughout
      the year. The size of the testes increased with age in all bandicoots and there
      was no evidence of seasonal variation. Plasma testosterone concentrations
      fluctuated from 0.1 to 70.0 ng/ml and a seasonal cycle was observed, with a nadir
      in concentrations in March and a peak in September. The peak in testosterone
      concentration coincided with the period of the year when the majority of births
      occurred. Subsequent statistical analysis suggested that the annual plasma
      testosterone profile correlated well with the rate of change of day length.

PMID- 4018559
TI  - Seasonal changes in T3, FT4, and cortisol in free-ranging Svalbard reindeer
      (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus).
AB  - Serum levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (FT4), and cortisol
      were determined for free-ranging Svalbard reindeer during winter (March), summer
      (June-July), and autumn (October). A total of 48 animals representing adult
      males, adult barren, pregnant, and lactating females, and calves were shot, and
      blood sampled from their hearts. T3 and FT4 were found to vary seasonally, the
      levels being lower in winter than in summer or autumn. Differences due to state
      of pregnancy, sex, or age were represented by low FT4 levels in lactating females
      (summer) and rutting males (autumn), and high T3 levels in young calves (summer).
      Serum cortisol levels were found to change seasonally, summer levels being higher
      than winter or autumn levels in all groups of animals. This finding suggests that
      glucocorticoids (cortisol) do not affect the deiodination from T4 to T3 in
      reindeer. The seasonal changes in T3 and FT4 in wild animals were similar to the
      changes in captive animals. It is therefore concluded that the changes in
      thyroidal hormone levels do not indicate changes in basal metabolic rate in this
      species.

PMID- 4018560
TI  - Extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in Calotes versicolor.

PMID- 4018561
TI  - Epinephrine effect on carbohydrate metabolism in isolated and perfused catfish
      liver.
AB  - Two doses of epinephrine were infused for 6 hr into isolated catfish liver
      previously perfused with a glucose-free medium or with a medium containing 10 mM
      glucose. The hormone induced (a) a continuous decrease in liver glycogen level,
      both in absence and in presence of glucose in the medium; low dose of epinephrine
      was without effect on the decay of glycogen; (b) a great release of glucose, both
      in absence and in presence of glucose in the medium; the low dose of epinephrine
      induced an effect similar to the maximal dose, only in experiments without
      glucose in the medium; (c) no effect on lactate uptake by liver; or (d) a
      prevention of the decline in liver glycogen phosphorylase activity observed
      during 1 hr incubation of liver slices. It has been concluded that epinephrine
      caused an increase of glucose in perfusion medium with different mechanisms
      according to the level of glucose and the dose of epinephrine. High doses of
      hormone cause the glycogenolysis by activation of glycogen phosphorylase, both in
      presence and in absence of glucose; low doses of epinephrine probably
      preferentially promote in liver the gluconeogenetic processes in glucose-free
      experiments.

PMID- 4018562
TI  - Ovarian inhibition of juvenile hormone synthesis in the viviparous cockroach,
      Diploptera punctata.
AB  - The mature ovary can actively prevent increases in rates of juvenile hormone (JH)
      synthesis by corpora allata (CA). This was unequivocally shown in two ways. (1)
      By combining in a single host female one ovary known to be stimulatory and one
      known to be nonstimulatory. Since the combination of a stimulatory and
      nonstimulatory mature ovary resulted in rates of JH synthesis intermediate
      between those found following implantation of either of these ovaries alone, it
      is concluded that the nonstimulatory mature ovary is indeed inhibitory (a
      nonstimulatory immature ovary had no such inhibitory effect). (2) By implanting
      nearly mature ovarioles and female CA into males. The ovarioles prevented the
      increase in rates of JH synthesis by the implanted CA that occurs in the absence
      of implanted ovarioles. This ovarian-elicited difference in rates of JH synthesis
      by CA implanted into males was not accompanied by differences in hemolymph
      ecdysteroid titers. Also, following removal of nearly mature ovaries from normal
      females the rates of JH synthesis remained above those of control females for
      only 24 hr and then declined to rates of controls. This suggests that there is an
      additional factor regulating the decline in JH synthesis at the end of the
      gonadotrophic cycle.

PMID- 4018563
TI  - Stimulus requirements for prolactin and LH secretion in incubating ring doves.
AB  - To study the regulation of prolactin secretion and incubation behavior during
      breeding, stimuli available during the prehatching period were manipulated, and
      plasma prolactin and LH and pituitary prolactin concentrations were assayed. Four
      groups were compared: (a) nest and eggs removed (b) eggs replaced with infertile
      eggs, (c) eggs replaced with infertile eggs and partners separated, and (d)
      unmanipulated controls. The increase in prolactin secretion that normally occurs
      at the end of incubation was reversed when the nest and eggs were removed but was
      unaffected by the absence of the mate. Prolactin secretion was not maintained in
      males sitting beyond the normal incubation period (on infertile eggs), while it
      was maintained in females but only in the presence of the mate. In the control
      birds, the increase in plasma prolactin was accompanied by an increase in
      pituitary content; while in the manipulated groups, an inhibition of prolactin
      secretion was associated with a transient increase in pituitary content. Plasma
      LH levels were low in control birds during the time of high prolactin secretion,
      and in all groups where the disruption of normal breeding stimuli caused an early
      fall in prolactin, there was a concomitant increase in LH secretion. In animals
      which had been separated from their mates and provided with a nest bowl and eggs,
      continuous observations of incubation behavior were made and plasma was sampled
      every third day. Parallel changes in prolactin and sitting behavior occurred in
      some of the animals, while others continued to incubate after prolactin had
      declined. In no instance did an animal which maintained high prolactin show a
      decline in incubation. This suggests that prolactin can serve to maintain
      incubation, while incubation does not necessarily stimulate prolactin secretion
      at this phase of the breeding cycle.

PMID- 4018564
TI  - Development and validation of a salmon prolactin radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A highly specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of prolactin (PRL)
      in the plasma and pituitary of salmonid fishes was developed using a rabbit
      antiserum to chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) PRL. The PRLs purified
      from chinook salmon and chum salmon (O. keta) pituitaries showed exactly the same
      competitive inhibition curves in the RIA, regardless of iodination of either
      hormone. The displacement curves for pituitary extracts and plasma from several
      salmonids, including chum, coho, and amago salmon, rainbow trout, and Japanese
      charr, were parallel to the salmon PRL standard, whereas those from the eel,
      goldfish, carp, and tilapia showed negligible cross-reactivity. Negligible cross
      reactivity was also seen with plasma from hypophysectomized rainbow trout or coho
      salmon. None of the mammalian PRL or growth hormone (GH) preparations, bullfrog
      PRL, or presumptive chum salmon "gonadotropin" and eel "PRL" cross-reacted in the
      PRL RIA. Presumptive chum salmon GH showed less than 0.05% cross-reactivity. The
      RIA sensitivity was less than 0.1 ng of the salmon PRL standard per milliliter.
      The immunoreactive plasma PRL levels in mature chum salmon were below 1 ng/ml in
      seawater. The plasma PRL in females increased to about 8 ng/ml 1 day after
      transfer to fresh water, and high levels (2-4 ng/ml) were maintained during 3-7
      days after the transfer. In contrast, when males were transferred to fresh water,
      an increase in plasma PRL was seen only 1 day after the transfer. A significant
      decrease in plasma osmolality was observed in both males and females after
      transfer to fresh water. No change was observed either in plasma PRL or
      osmolality, when fish were transferred from seawater to seawater.

PMID- 4018565
TI  - Circannual plasma androgen levels in free-living male great tits (Parus major
      major L.).
AB  - Seasonal variations of plasma androgen levels in free-living adult and juvenile
      male Great Tits (Parus major major L.) were measured by radioimmunoassay over a
      period of 5 years. In 4 of the 5 years a peak of androgen concentrations was
      observed during the breeding season (in 1 year during the prebreeding season,
      followed by a nadir during winter. Besides these circannual fluctuations,
      considerable variations in plasma androgen levels between comparable behavioral
      periods of successive years were noticed (187 to 18.5 ng/dl during the breeding
      season and 86 to 16 ng/dl during winter). No relationship was found between these
      variations and possible causative factors such as age and origin of the birds and
      the time of trapping and blood sampling during the day. The large between year
      variations in androgen levels may be caused by changes in the birds' environment
      including density of the population and the availability of food. Additional data
      are required to test this hypothesis.

PMID- 4018566
TI  - Effect of mammalian growth hormone on amino nitrogen mobilization in the eel.
AB  - Hypophysectomy decreased plasma amino nitrogen (PAN) levels of Japanese eels. In
      contrast, administration of bovine or ovine growth hormone (GH; 2 micrograms/g)
      produced a delayed increase in PAN levels of both intact and hypophysectomized
      eels 48 hr after GH injection. The minimum dose of GH required to elevate PAN
      levels was found to be 0.1-1 micrograms/g body wt. The fact that GH treatment
      also increased PAN of hepatectomized eels indicates that the increased PAN was at
      least partly caused by the increased mobilization of amino nitrogen from body
      protein. GH also increased plasma free fatty acid content of intact and
      hypophysectomized eels 48 hr after GH injection in one experiment of the present
      study, but this effect was not reproducible in other experiments. No effect of GH
      administration was observed either in plasma glucose and lipid of intact and
      hypophysectomized eels 48 hr after the injection.

PMID- 4018567
TI  - In vivo and in vitro effects of growth hormone on the incorporation of
      [14C]leucine into protein of liver and muscle of the eel.
AB  - In vivo administration of ovine GH (2 micrograms/g body wt) increased
      [14C]leucine incorporation into protein of the liver, skeletal muscle, and
      opercular muscle of hypophysectomized eels. Addition of ovine GH into the medium
      (5 micrograms/ml) slightly increased [14C]leucine incorporation into protein of
      liver slices during 5 hr in vitro incubation, but did not affect protein
      synthesis from [14C]leucine in opercular muscle. In vivo pretreatment with ovine
      GH (2 micrograms/g body wt) 48 hr prior to tissue preparation clearly increased
      [14C]leucine incorporation into protein of liver slices in vitro. However, no
      statistically significant change was observed for in vitro incorporation of
      [14C]leucine into protein of opercular muscle of hypophysectomized eels which had
      been previously treated with ovine GH (2 micrograms/g body wt). These results
      indicate that ovine GH has a protein anabolic action in the liver and muscle of
      the eel and that compared to mammals a rather long lag period is needed to elicit
      such protein anabolic actions of GH in these animals.

PMID- 4018568
TI  - Gene interactions affecting muscle organization in Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - Revertants of unc-15(e73)I, a paralyzed mutant with an altered muscle paramyosin,
      include six dominant and two recessive intragenic unc-15 revertants, two new
      alleles of the previously identified suppressor gene, sup-3 V, and a new
      suppressor designated sup-19(m210)V. The recessive intragenic unc-15 revertants
      exhibit novel alterations in paramyosin paracrystal structure and distribution,
      and these alterations are modified by interaction with unc-82(e1220)IV, another
      mutation that affects paramyosin. A strain containing both unc-15 and a mutation
      in sup-3 V that restores movement was mutagenized, and paralyzed mutants
      resembling unc-15 were isolated. Twenty mutations that interfere with suppression
      were divided into three classes (nonmuscle, sus-1, and mutations within sup-3)
      based on phenotype, genetic map position and dominance. The nonmuscle mutations
      include dumpy and uncoordinated types that have no obvious direct effect on
      muscle organization. Two recessive mutations define a new gene, sus-1 III. These
      mutations modify the unc-15(e73) phenotype to produce a severely paralyzed,
      dystrophic double mutant that is not suppressed by sup-3. Five semidominant,
      intragenic sup-3 antisuppressor mutations, one of which occurred spontaneously,
      restore the wild-type sup-3 phenotype of nonsuppression. However, reversion of
      these mutants generated no new suppressor alleles of sup-3, suggesting that the
      sup-3 antisuppressor alleles are not wild type but may be null alleles.

PMID- 4018569
TI  - A direct assessment of the role of genetic drift in determining allele frequency
      variation in populations of Euphydryas editha.
AB  - Estimates of allele frequencies at six polymorphic loci were collected over eight
      generations in two populations of Euphydryas editha. We have estimated, in
      addition, the effective population size for each generation for both populations
      with results from mark-recapture and other field data. The variation in allele
      frequencies generated by random genetic drift was then studied using computer
      simulations and our direct estimates of effective population size. Substantial
      differences between observed values and computer-generated expected values
      assuming drift alone were found for three loci (Got, Hk, Pgi) in one population.
      These observations are consistent with natural selection in a variable
      environment.

PMID- 4018570
TI  - The affected sib method. I. Statistical features of the affected sib-pair method.
AB  - The distribution of the number of HLA haplotypes shared by sibs affected with the
      same HLA-linked disease can be used to obtain information on the genetics of the
      disease. Since the inception of the use of sib-pair methods for the analysis of
      the HLA-associated diseases, the question has been raised of how to include
      families with more than two affected sibs in the sib-pair analysis. This paper
      presents appropriate weighting schemes. A procedure for estimating the frequency
      of the disease allele in the general population, under the assumptions of single
      allele recessive, additive, dominant and intermediate models, with negligible
      recombination (theta = 0) between the disease-predisposing gene and the HLA
      region, and no selective disadvantage of the trait, is also given. Cluster
      sampling techniques are used in the analysis.

PMID- 4018571
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the 1985 meeting of the Genetics Society of
      America. Boston, Massachusetts, August 11-15, 1985.

PMID- 4018572
TI  - Toward the integration of psychosocial services in the general hospital. The
      human services department.
AB  - This article describes an innovative administrative organization for the delivery
      of psychologic care in the contemporary teaching hospital that, by combining
      services under medical leadership, takes an evolutionary beyond multidisciplinary
      team approaches. The long-range goal of this organization is to provide cost
      effective psychosocial services in the general hospital while maintaining the
      unique role contributions of the participating disciplines. To allow for informed
      decision making in this process, the initial step has been to establish a
      collaborative data base for patient and staff tracking, program planning, and
      evaluation.

PMID- 4018573
TI  - Identification of persons with Munchausen's syndrome: ethical problems.
AB  - Many of the most difficult management dilemmas created by patients with
      Munchausen's syndrome lie at the interface of law and medicine. Does a legal
      physician-patient relationship survive the imposturing of these patients? Are
      physicians relieved of their ethical and legal obligations in general, and their
      promise of confidentiality in particular, when they discover the elaborate
      counterfeit that these patients have constructed? Should physicians disclose
      confidential information to others--indeed do they have an obligation to do so-
      in an effort to break the endless cycle of hospital admissions that these
      patients invariably seek? This paper presents three possible approaches to these
      problems, and suggests useful criteria for managing Munchausen's patients,
      gleaned from the law of privacy, providing physicians with a firm basis upon
      which to strike an appropriate balance of all competing considerations. Specific
      guidelines and criteria can be formulated for disclosing the identities of
      Munchausen's patients without unduly encroaching upon their legal rights as
      patients.

PMID- 4018574
TI  - Commentary: psychiatry and primary care.
AB  - The role of the psychiatrist in educating primary care physicians has evolved
      from one of leadership to that of weakened collaboration. Concurrently, other
      mental health professionals compete with the psychiatric physician for actual
      clinical referrals. The primary care physician's fear of loss of control,
      stigmatization from psychiatric labels, and issues of time and money are reasons
      cited for limiting psychiatric intervention. Although the consultation-liaison
      service has proved to be a useful vehicle for integrating psychiatric services in
      hospital settings, how best to integrate psychiatric education and service in the
      ambulatory-based practice is still a challenge. Issues of clinical uncertainty
      and medical responsibility that the primary care provider regularly experiences
      may offer solutions for reestablishing the psychiatric physician as the leader in
      such educational and clinical initiatives.

PMID- 4018575
TI  - Psychiatry and primary care: can a working relationship develop?
AB  - This article explores the relationship between psychiatrists and primary care
      physicians. Expectations and results of attempts to train nonpsychiatric
      physicians in the care of the mentally ill are reviewed. The failure of this
      effort, along with the stigma against psychiatry has led to poor treatment of
      disturbed patients by primary care physicians. Using other mental health
      professionals as both educators and clinicians in primary care training programs
      over the past 20 years has resulted in a different referral pattern system for
      the mentally ill than for any other group of patients. Although the gap between
      psychiatry and the rest of medicine has widened, there are models of interaction
      and cooperation that are explored. The development of consultation-liaison
      programs has been a most important effort. The need for all of medicine to
      recognize the relationship between mind and body is stressed.

PMID- 4018576
TI  - Teaching psychiatry to primary care internists.
AB  - Many patients who seek the care of primary care physicians are suffering from a
      wide variety of psychiatric disorders. Primary care physicians should become
      skilled in interviewing techniques and basic psychiatric differential diagnosis,
      management, and treatment approaches for some types of psychiatric disorders and
      learn to regularly consult with and make referrals to psychiatrists when
      appropriate. Psychiatrists should play a very active role in the education of
      primary care specialists. This should include observation of the physician
      interviewing patients with different types of psychiatric disorders in addition
      to didactic teaching and supervision on topics such as psychopharmacology. With
      mutual collaboration between primary care interests and psychiatrists the
      patients of both groups of physicians should receive better care and continuing
      education of both may occur through an ongoing dialogue.

PMID- 4018577
TI  - The benefits of a psychiatric consultation--liaison service in a general
      hospital.
AB  - In this period of increased governmental regulation and decreased reimbursement
      for psychiatric services by third-party carriers, a fully staffed and financially
      stable psychiatric consultation-liaison service in the general hospital may still
      generate significant benefits for patients, hospital administrators, and
      psychiatrists: an increased rate of diagnosis of psychiatric and medical
      disorders, a reduction in the length of stay of medical or surgical patients, a
      decreased utilization of medical services and the development of innovative
      consultation-liaison activities. This article summarizes these benefits and
      outlines training obstacles that must be overcome to increase cooperation between
      psychiatry and medicine so that these benefits may be realized.

PMID- 4018578
TI  - Panics, prolapse, and PVCs.
AB  - There is a group of patients who presents with intense anxiety and physical
      complaints suggestive of cardiac or gastrointestinal disease. These patients are
      more commonly women and complain of palpitations, lightheadedness, chest pains,
      and dyspnea. A work-up may reveal positive findings such as extrasystoles and
      mitral valve prolapse that appear to confirm the organic etiology of the
      symptoms. Evidence is presented that the positive findings serve to confuse the
      picture and are an impediment, rather than an aid, to the physician in making the
      correct diagnosis. Effective treatment using tricyclic antidepressants or
      monoamine oxidase inhibitors is suggested.

PMID- 4018579
TI  - Reintroducing the internship: reactions of three departments of psychiatry.
AB  - The reintroduction of the internship requirement has caused a number of changes
      in psychiatric education in the past decade. Many psychiatric educators and
      departments of psychiatry have been faced with the challenges of organizing
      internships and establishing an internship curriculum. This has been especially
      challenging because the psychiatrists involved have seldom had full postgraduate
      training in the fields being organized and have not previously administrated
      clinical services in those areas. The authors discuss the goals of the internship
      for future psychiatrists and the pros and cons of university versus community
      general hospital based internships for future psychiatrists, and find several
      potential advantages to the latter. Also discussed are their consistent
      observations of internship programs for future psychiatrists over the past decade
      in three geographically separate regions and in state and private institutions.
      They and most other faculty members in their respective departments believe that
      the reinstitution of the internship has had largely beneficial effects on future
      psychiatrists.

PMID- 4018580
TI  - Informed consent--mandating the consultation.
AB  - This article illustrates how a mandatory consult procedure identified treatable
      psychiatric problems. Using a computerized data-based format, 372 (37.4%)
      patients (the "judgment" group) of 996 psychiatric consultations were identified
      as referred to assess the patient's capacity to execute a consent form for a
      medical or surgical procedure. One hundred twenty-nine (35%) of the 372 patients
      thus referred by hospital mandate were given psychiatric diagnoses (DSM-II) by
      the consultant and received recommendations for primary psychiatric treatment.
      The "judgment" group had significantly more organic brain syndrome and psychoses
      associated with CNS conditions (p less than 0.001), whereas the "nonjudgment"
      group was diagnosed as exhibiting significantly more neurosis, alcoholism,
      psychophysiologic disorders, transient situational reactions, and personality
      disorders (p less than 0.001). Without a required psychiatric consultation
      sanctioned by administrative hospital mandate, the majority of the "judgment"
      cases with major psychopathology would not have been identified. The use of the
      mandated psychiatric consultation in the general hospital is discussed.

PMID- 4018581
TI  - Multiple sclerosis: understanding the psychologic implications.
AB  - To effectively care for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) the practitioner
      must be able to understand the common psychologic sequellae. These include not
      only those engendered by the patient's reaction to the disease, but also those
      reflecting alterations in central nervous system function. Although research
      literature on MS has many pitfalls and the quality of the results is thus uneven,
      important psychologic aspects of MS that have been consistently reported are
      depression and anxiety, euphoria, often in association with some degree of
      dementia, denial of illness or of impairments, irritability and apathy,
      coexisting psychiatric disorders, and cognitive impairment, particularly
      involving sensorimotor function, primary memory, and conceptual ability.

PMID- 4018582
TI  - General hospital psychiatry and deinstitutionalization: a systems view.
AB  - The shift in responsibility for the care of chronic mental patients has generated
      a variety of problems for general hospital psychiatry. In response to these new
      demands, general hospital psychiatry has evolved a variety of effective
      strategies. Nevertheless, widespread concern over the appropriateness of serving
      chronic patients in an acute care setting persists. The level and direction of
      general hospital psychiatry's involvement with chronic mental patients will vary
      according to the specific characteristics of a community's patient population,
      its goals for those patients, and the resources at its disposal for realizing
      those goals. General hospital psychiatry must make a serious effort to minimize
      its being forced into a reactive position by deinstitutionalization policies
      generated by distant authorities. It must assume, instead, its rightful position
      as an autonomous, but fully cooperative, element within the psychiatric service
      system. Only then can its responsibility to the chronically mentally ill, to
      other patients, and to its own integrity be assured.

PMID- 4018584
TI  - Failure to keep psychiatric follow-up appointments.

PMID- 4018583
TI  - Medical and surgical inpatients who referred themselves for psychiatric
      consultation.
AB  - Medical and surgical inpatients who referred themselves for psychiatric
      consultation are characterized. The 25 "self-referred" compared to 787 "others"
      referred to the Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Division were more likely to
      state depression (52%/25%) and anxiety (36%/11%) as reasons for referral. "Self
      referrals" were less likely to be referred by physicians for behavior management
      (8%/23%), general diagnosis (4%/22%) or suicide evaluation (4%/25%). The "self
      referral" represents a challenge to the current medical model referral mechanism
      in which the physician controls access to consultants. The data indicate that
      there should be a mechanism for the patient's contribution to the referral
      process and that increased sensitivity to psychologic difficulties in coping with
      medical illness would improve the use of psychiatric consultation in the medical
      setting.

PMID- 4018585
TI  - [Genetic aspects of the reaction of humoral immunity to collagen in humans and
      animals. Report I. Analysis of polymorphism of autoantibody levels to collagen
      type I in mice NZB X NZW (F1)].
AB  - The study of polymorphism of humoral immunoreactions to the type I (AC) collagen
      in CBA/Lac, C57B1/6-J inbred mice and NZB X NZW (F1) hybrids showed the presence
      of genetically determined variability of the above mentioned trait. The analysis
      of intralinear dispersions of AC levels in NZB X NZW (F1) mice revealed sex
      dimorphism and age variability of the trait. A suggestion was made that sex
      hormones are important factors in ontogenic formation and modulation of
      autoimmunity to the type I collagen in NZB X NZW (F1) mice.

PMID- 4018586
TI  - Aging-associated increase in intestinal absorption of macromolecules.
AB  - The intestinal permeability of aging rats to various molecular weight species of
      polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) was studied. Animals received a bolus of PEG
      400 by oral gavage and urine was collected for 6 h to assess its rate of
      absorption. Quantitation by gas liquid chromatography revealed that total urinary
      excretion of PEG 400 increased with aging. 34-week-old rats excreted 34.3% of the
      administrated dose while 43.6% was excreted in the urine by rats 133 weeks of
      age. This effect was more pronounced with the higher molecular weight PEG since
      excretion of the lower molecular weight PEG 282 decreased by 10.5% while PEG 634
      excretion increased by 11.4% with aging. The increased permeability of the
      intestinal tract to higher molecular weight species of PEG may indicate that the
      intestinal protective barrier to the absorption of potentially harmful
      environmental substances may be less efficient in aging animals. If similar
      findings are found in aging humans, they may indicate increased potential for
      absorption of large antigenic or carcinogenic compounds from the intestinal
      lumen.

PMID- 4018587
TI  - Body composition in elderly people. II. Comparison of measured and predicted body
      composition in healthy elderly subjects.
AB  - The predictive values of the equations of Moore et al. and Hume and Weyers and
      the measured values of body composition were compared in healthy, carefully
      selected aged and young subjects of both sexes. In the case of young subjects,
      these prediction equations seem to be adequate, even if this could not be
      affirmed with certainty by our results. The equations of Moore et al. were found
      not to be adequate for elderly males, while they were only suitable for the
      determination of intracellular components in elderly females.

PMID- 4018589
TI  - Lymphopenia induced by acute bacterial infections in the elderly: a sign of age
      related immune dysfunction of major prognostic significance.
AB  - These studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of acute bacterial
      infections on the absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in an
      elderly population and to evaluate the prognostic significance of a decreased
      number of PBL in critically ill aged patients. The results show that a
      significant lymphopenia develops in elderly patients during the course of an
      acute bacterial infection whereas the same type of acute illness has no effect on
      the PBL count of younger subjects. The lymphopenia is not related to a particular
      localization of the infection nor to the type of bacterial pathogen. The
      prognosis of the bacterial infection is closely linked to the severity of the
      lymphocyte depletion and its outcome can nearly be predicted by monitoring the
      variation of the number of circulating lymphocytes during the early course of the
      disease.

PMID- 4018588
TI  - Autofluorescence of human skin fibroblasts during growth inhibition and in vitro
      ageing.
AB  - The increase in autofluorescence (AF) of human skin fibroblasts during their in
      vitro ageing and growth inhibition was investigated by means of flow
      cytophotometry. The cellular AF of in vitro ageing cultures increased while the
      relative number of (3H)-thymidine incorporating cells decreased. Therefore, the
      rate of accumulation of cellular AF during in vitro ageing of the cultures is
      inversely related to the proliferation rate of the culture. The rates of increase
      of AF varied widely among the cell strains, being the highest in cells from
      patients with Werner's syndrome. Upon growth inhibition in a confluent culture
      the net rates of increase of cellular AF were found to vary widely among the cell
      strains. The respective net rates of increase of AF of the cells from patients
      with Werner's syndrome and the Spielmeyer-Vogt syndrome were within the range
      covered by the normal cell strains. The ultrastructure of the bright AF cells
      from patients with Werner's syndrome and the Spielmeyer-Vogt syndrome differed
      from the ultrastructure of AF cells from control persons with regard to the
      morphology of their residual bodies, those from the patients contained more
      multilamellar and multivesicular structures. In sorted non-AF cells vitamin E was
      found to completely inhibit the accumulation of AF without affecting the
      formation of 'residual bodies'. We infer that cellular AF is caused by lipid
      peroxidative reactions and that the accumulation of AF is due to a decrease in
      cellular proliferation rate.

PMID- 4018590
TI  - Is primary biliary cirrhosis a different disease in the elderly?
AB  - We examined the presenting features, clinical course and prognosis in relation to
      age in 121 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) for a mean follow-up of
      4.6 years. 35 patients (29%) were over age 65 years at presentation/detection.
      There was a higher proportion of patients asymptomatic of liver disease in the
      older (over 65 years old) than younger (under 65 years old) group. The clinical
      features of PBC were less marked in the older patients both in number of symptoms
      (p less than 0.05) and in progression of serum bilirubin, a marker of prognosis
      (p less than 0.001). There was no difference in liver-related mortality between
      old and young patients during the follow-up period. Overall mortality in patients
      with PBC presenting over age 65 was no different from age- and sex-matched
      controls.

PMID- 4018591
TI  - The throwaway culture: job detachment and rejection.

PMID- 4018592
TI  - Participants' evaluation of educational/support groups for families of patients
      with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

PMID- 4018593
TI  - Age, trust, and perceived safety from crime in rural areas.

PMID- 4018594
TI  - Are the elderly overhoused? Definitions of space utilization and policy
      implications.

PMID- 4018595
TI  - Assessment of activity priorities and design preferences of elderly residents in
      public housing: a case study.

PMID- 4018596
TI  - The changing service needs of older tenants in planned housing.

PMID- 4018597
TI  - Inter-institutional relocation and its effects on psychosocial status.

PMID- 4018598
TI  - Building housing for the low-income elderly: cost containment in the Section 202
      program.

PMID- 4018599
TI  - Predicting the outcome of psychogeriatric day care.

PMID- 4018600
TI  - Nutrition site service users: does racial background make a difference?

PMID- 4018601
TI  - The redistribution of America's older population: major national migration
      patterns for three census decades, 1960-1980.

PMID- 4018602
TI  - Social networks and adaptation.

PMID- 4018603
TI  - Neighbors' support of older widows who live alone in their own homes.

PMID- 4018604
TI  - The impact of creative drama training on psychological states of older adults: an
      exploratory study.

PMID- 4018605
TI  - [Characteristics of the regional blood flow in the lungs during the development
      of pneumoconiosis].

PMID- 4018606
TI  - [Biological action of the dust from lead-barite ore].

PMID- 4018607
TI  - [Retrospective oncological epidemiological research (the example of the wood
      working industry)].

PMID- 4018608
TI  - [Work experience of the industrial hygienists of epidemiological health stations
      in preventive health inspections in Gorlovka].

PMID- 4018609
TI  - [Industrial hygiene in scandium oxide manufacture].

PMID- 4018610
TI  - [Prevention of vibration disease in the mining industry].

PMID- 4018611
TI  - [Method of studying the job load of first-aid physicians].

PMID- 4018612
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of test sensitivity in detecting the early signs of
      poisoning by terpene derivatives].

PMID- 4018613
TI  - [Data for establishing the maximum permissible concentration of Vitan-2M
      copolymer in the air of a work area].

PMID- 4018614
TI  - [Establishment of a health standard for sulfalene content in the air of a work
      area].

PMID- 4018615
TI  - [Experimental data on a hygienic standard for 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 in the air of
      a work area].

PMID- 4018616
TI  - [Allergenic activity of new amine hardening agents].

PMID- 4018617
TI  - [Toxicological characteristics and the establishment of a MPEL for
      dimethylacrylic acid and its ethyl ether in the air of a work area].

PMID- 4018618
TI  - [Photometric methods of determining phosgene and chlorine in the presence of
      hydrogen chloride in the air].

PMID- 4018619
TI  - [Determination of the fungicide Bayleton in the air by thin-layer
      chromatography].

PMID- 4018620
TI  - [Chambers for determining the rate of penetration of chemicals through the skin].

PMID- 4018621
TI  - [Characteristics of the dust factor and the course of anthracosilicosis in the
      underground transport workers of coal mines].

PMID- 4018622
TI  - [Immunoglobulin levels in cervical mucus in patients with grade Io cancer of the
      cervix uteri and precancerous conditions].

PMID- 4018623
TI  - [The course and management of labor in women with a history of cesarean section].

PMID- 4018624
TI  - [Effect of cardiotocographic fetal monitoring on the type and frequency of
      obstetrical operations].

PMID- 4018625
TI  - [Evaluation of the sensitivity to selected antibiotics of vaginal bacteria before
      cesarean section].

PMID- 4018626
TI  - [Suggestions with regard to the management of twin pregnancies and labor].

PMID- 4018627
TI  - [Complications and failures of using intrauterine contraceptive devices].

PMID- 4018628
TI  - [Possibilities of the organ-sparing surgical treatment of leiomyosarcoma in young
      women].

PMID- 4018629
TI  - Intestinal ischaemia.

PMID- 4018630
TI  - Intestinal function and intestinal blood supply: a 20 year surgical study.
AB  - The experience of The Middlesex Hospital in the investigation and management of
      chronic intestinal arterial occlusion (IAO) over a 20 year period is presented.
      Of some 100 patients referred only 28 were found to have IAO and these were
      critically evaluated in terms of insorptive and exsorptive function. No relation
      was found between intestinal performance and the degree of potential ischaemia
      suggested by angiography. Twenty two patients underwent reconstruction of the
      coeliac axis and mesenteric arteries, with three perioperative deaths. The
      remainder were followed for periods ranging between six months and 10 years. Of
      these, 15 are asymptomatic, one is unchanged, and one is subjectively worse. The
      role of elective surgery in relation to the visceral arteries is critically
      discussed in the light of these results, and in the perspective of the world
      experience.

PMID- 4018631
TI  - Altered solid and liquid gastric emptying in patients with duodenal ulcer
      disease.
AB  - Alteration in gastric emptying has been implicated in duodenal ulcer disease. The
      precise abnormalities remain controversial. We have used a radionuclide technique
      to assess solid and liquid gastric emptying in 14 patients with endoscopically
      proven duodenal ulcer and 22 healthy controls. Solid gastric emptying values for
      the patient group fell within the normal range. The median time taken for 50%
      (T50) of the liquid marker to empty from the stomach was 12 minutes (range 6-23
      minutes) which was significantly faster (p less than .005) than controls (median
      18 minutes, range 11-35). In 10 of the 14 patients, however, the rate of liquid
      emptying was within the normal range. There was no significant difference in the
      T50 for gastric emptying of solids between the groups, but in duodenal ulcer
      patients food left the stomach significantly earlier than in controls (p less
      than .05). After this, however, the linear rate at which duodenal ulcer patients
      emptied solid food from the stomach was a median 0.75%/minutes (range 0.5-1.4
      minutes), which was slower (p less than .0005) than controls, median 1.25/minutes
      (range 0.7-2.3). These results show that the pattern of gastric emptying of
      digestible solids and liquids in patients with duodenal ulcer disease, as a
      group, is significantly altered.

PMID- 4018632
TI  - Relative nutritional value of whole protein, hydrolysed protein and free amino
      acids in man.
AB  - To compare their effects on nitrogen balance, diets containing either lactalbumin
      whole protein, its peptide-rich enzymic hydrolysate or an equivalent mixture of
      free amino acids as the sole source of dietary nitrogen were fed to two healthy
      subjects, each studied for 38 days on two separate occasions. The nitrogen intake
      (47 mg/kg body wt/day) induced a state of negative nitrogen balance, stimulating
      nitrogen conservation. Net daily nitrogen balance (mean +/- SD) in subject 1 was 
      0.23 +/- 0.72 g (amino acids) vs + 0.05 +/- 0.52 g (protein) and -0.21 +/- 0.58 g
      (amino acids) vs -0.05 +/- 0.57 g (hydrolysate), and in subject 2, -0.19 +/- 0.60
      g (amino acids) vs -0.16 +/- 0.51 g (protein) and -0.42 +/- 0.35 g (amino acids)
      vs -0.62 +/- 0.34 g (hydrolysate). Analysis of these results by the cumulative
      sum technique showed no significant differences in the effect of the three
      nitrogen sources on nitrogen balance. This study indicates that there is no
      nutritional evidence to support the current practice of prescribing expensive
      enteral diets containing peptides or amino acids rather than the much cheaper
      whole protein to patients with normal gastrointestinal function.

PMID- 4018633
TI  - Effect of loperamide and naloxone on mouth-to-caecum transit time evaluated by
      lactulose hydrogen breath test.
AB  - The effect of loperamide and naloxone on mouth-to-caecum transit time was
      evaluated by the lactulose hydrogen breath test in four men and four women. Each
      subject underwent tests during the administration of placebo, loperamide (12-16
      mg po), naloxone (40 micrograms/kg/h by a three-hour intravenous infusion), and
      loperamide plus naloxone, carried out at intervals of one or two weeks. The
      transit time was significantly longer after loperamide, and this effect was
      antagonised by the concomitant administration of naloxone whereas naloxone
      administered alone had no effect on mean transit time. No clinically important
      side effects were reported.

PMID- 4018634
TI  - Topical methotrexate alters solute and water transport in the rat jejunum in vivo
      and rabbit ileum in vitro.
AB  - The topical effect of methotrexate (MTX) on small intestinal hexose and ion
      transport has been studied using an in vivo steady state jejunal perfusion
      technique in the rat, and short circuited rabbit terminal ileum in Ussing
      chambers in vitro. In rat jejunum, perfusion with MTX (1 mumol/l) caused
      significant reductions in water, sodium, and glucose absorption within 110
      minutes of exposure. Fructose absorption was, however, unimpaired. The same
      concentration of MTX, when added to the mucosal side of distal rabbit ileum
      caused significant increases in transmucosal potential difference, short circuit
      current and the unidirectional flux of chloride from serosa to mucosa. In the
      presence of a subphysiological magnesium concentration (0.3 mmol/l), MTX resulted
      in the abolition of net sodium absorption and the conversion of net chloride
      absorption to secretion. We conclude that MTX has a topical effect on small
      intestinal transport which is independent of its effect on crypt cell kinetics.

PMID- 4018635
TI  - Rectal mucosal morphologic abnormalities in normal subjects in southern India: a
      tropical colonopathy?
AB  - Electron dense bodies and vesicles were increased in undifferentiated crypt cells
      and differentiated colonocytes in the rectal mucosa of healthy volunteers in
      southern India. In addition, in the surface colonocytes lysosomes were increased,
      the cells were shorter with short irregularly grouped microvilli, there was
      evidence of cell immaturity and a high prevalence of spiral organism infestation.
      There was also alterations in goblet cell mucus granules, a reticulohistiocytic
      response in the subluminal lamina propria and residual evidence of vascular
      damage. These alterations indicate a non-specific response to mucosal injury.
      Such changes have not been observed in the rectal mucosa of temperate zone
      controls and could be designated tropical colonopathy.

PMID- 4018636
TI  - Distal transposition of rat caecum does not render it susceptible to
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - As the relative resistance of rat caecum to chemical carcinogens could reflect
      its luminal environment, caecal mucosa was exposed to the distal faecal stream in
      male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 50) previously treated with azoxymethane (total
      dose 90 mg/kg sc). After colonic transection at the pelvic brim, the caecum was
      inserted isoperistaltically between colocaecal and caecorectal anastomoses (n =
      30); an ileocolic anastomosis restored intestinal continuity. Controls (n = 20)
      had transection and reanastomosis at equivalent points of the bowel, plus
      caecotomy and resuture. Caecal crypt cell production rate, as determined
      stathmokinetically at 28 weeks, was not consistently affected by transposition.
      No tumors developed in either transposed or orthotopic caecum, apart from three
      suture-line tumours found at the caecotomy site in controls. The colonic tumour
      yield in controls (1.4 +/- 0.3 per rat : mean +/- SEM) matched that after
      transposition (1.5 +/- 0.2), but anastomotic tumours were twice as common after
      transposition (p less than 0.05) and rectal tumours were increased four-fold (p
      less than 0.05). The caecum remains resistant to carcinogenesis despite
      transposition to a distal colonic environment. Local epithelial defence
      mechanisms are more important than luminal contents in maintaining this
      resistance.

PMID- 4018637
TI  - Acute pancreatitis: a lethal disease of increasing incidence.
AB  - Between 1968 and 1979 650 patients in the Bristol clinical area suffered 737
      attacks of acute pancreatitis. Sex distribution was approximately equal and mean
      age was 60 years. Comparison with the previous decade shows an increase in mean
      annual incidence of first attacks from 53.8 to 73.0 cases per million population.
      Case mortality was unchanged at 20%. In no less than 35% of fatal cases the
      diagnosis was first made at necropsy. Gall stones were detected in 50% of first
      attacks, predominantly in women. The proportion of alcoholics (8% overall)
      increased three-fold during the period of the study. In 23% of cases no
      aetiological cause was identified. Eighty patients suffered 99 recurrent attacks
      of acute pancreatitis, with a mortality rate (12%) that was not significantly
      lower than that of the first attack. Neglected gall stones accounted for 51% of
      these subsequent attacks.

PMID- 4018638
TI  - Medium term complications of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy.
AB  - One hundred and fifteen patients were reviewed between 18 months and five years
      after successful endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis,
      postcholecystectomy in 93 (81%). Thirteen (14%) postcholecystectomy patients and
      11 (50%, p less than 0.001) with intact gall bladders are dead (cause of death
      was ascertained in each case). Of the others, 43 were interviewed and 48
      completed a postal questionnaire. Stone free common ducts had been documented in
      69 (76%), presumed in 16 (17%), and not achieved in six (7%, excluded from
      analysis). None of the responding patients had developed serious new problems.
      Current symptoms of those with and without gall bladders and those with
      'documented' and 'presumed' duct clearance are similar. In no case has an episode
      of cholangitis since sphincterotomy been confirmed and only one patient has had
      documented recurrent duct stones. Continued incompetence of the sphincter was
      shown radiologically by the presence of bile duct gas in 14 (41%) of 32 patients.
      These results suggest that medium term complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy
      are unusual.

PMID- 4018639
TI  - Use of CAT scanning in the diagnosis and management of hepatic artery aneurysm.
AB  - Hepatic artery aneurysms occur infrequently and are often difficult to diagnose.
      Non-invasive procedures such as ultrasound or computer assisted tomography have
      not been considered suitable for definitive diagnosis and angiography is usually
      required. A patient is described in whom a mycotic hepatic artery aneurysm
      developed during the course of subacute bacterial endocarditis. The definitive
      diagnosis was made using computer assisted tomography with intravenous contrast
      enhancement and angiography was undertaken only as a prelude to transcatheter
      embolisation. The same technique was used to monitor progress after embolisation
      precluding the need for follow up angiography. As 80% of patients with hepatic
      artery aneurysm present for the first time after aneurysm rupture, the mortality
      associated with this condition is high. More widespread use of intravenous
      contrast enhanced tomography for abdominal examination in patients with
      unexplained abdominal pain might result in earlier diagnosis of this condition.

PMID- 4018640
TI  - Effect of cimetidine on gastric secretion and duodenogastric reflux.
AB  - In 19 subjects (four controls, one gastric ulcer and 14 duodenal ulcer) maximal
      gastric secretion was evoked with histamine 0.13 mumol/kg/h (0.04 mg/kg/h) for
      two to two and a half hours. A slow intravenous bolus dose of 200 mg cimetidine
      was given at the beginning of the last hour. Gastric secretion was measured
      before and after cimetidine administration and expressed both as mean acid output
      (mmol H+/h) and 'pyloric loss and duodenogastric reflux corrected' volume (Vg,
      ml/h). Mean reduction by acid output was 86%; mean reduction by corrected volume
      (Vg) was only 64%. The discrepancy, which is significant (p less than 0.01), is
      caused by a marked increase in duodenogastric reflux after cimetidine.

PMID- 4018641
TI  - Effect of cimetidine and omeprazole on aspirin- and taurocholate-induced gastric
      mucosal damage in the rat.
AB  - The effect of varying doses of cimetidine and omeprazole, on acute gastric
      mucosal lesions produced by topical aspirin (200 mg/kg; 1 ml/100 g) in 0.175 M
      HCl or topical sodium taurocholate (40 mM; 1 ml/100 g) in 0.175 M HCl was studied
      in the pylorus ligated rat. Preliminary studies revealed dose dependent
      inhibition of acid secretion with both cimetidine and omeprazole. Intraperitoneal
      cimetidine 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg given before topical acidified aspirin reduced
      mucosal lesions from a control score of 23.7 +/- 3.5 (mean +/- SEM) in which 83%
      of stomachs contained lesions, to 6.9 +/- 2.2 and 3.5 +/- 2.1 respectively (p
      less than 0.05), 36% and 27% of stomachs containing lesions. A dose of 250 mg/kg
      failed to reduce lesion score significantly (17.8 +/- 4.9) and 64% of stomachs
      contained lesions. Taurocholate-induced lesion score was reduced from a control
      value of 32.7 +/- 4.3 in which 97% of stomachs contained lesions to 10.8 +/- 3.3
      and 15.5 +/- 3.8 by cimetidine 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg respectively (p less than
      0.05), 62% and 68% of stomachs containing lesions. Cimetidine 50 mg/kg and 100
      mg/kg failed to significantly reduce mucosal damage. Intraduodenal omeprazole
      (1.25 to 50 mumol/kg) given before topical acidified aspirin or taurocholate
      failed to reduce mucosal lesions, as did intragastric omeprazole 5 mumol/kg and
      50 mumol/kg given before acidified aspirin. Cimetidine showed cytoprotective
      properties over a specific dose range beyond which the effect was lost despite
      continuing suppression of acid secretion. Omeprazole exhibited no cytoprotective
      activity.

PMID- 4018642
TI  - Gastric acid and pancreatic polypeptide responses to modified sham feeding:
      indication of an increased basal vagal tone in a subgroup of duodenal ulcer
      patients.
AB  - The effect of sham feeding upon gastric acid secretion and pancreatic polypeptide
      release was investigated in 28 patients with duodenal ulcer in order to evaluate
      whether high basal vagal activity is the cause of basal acid hypersecretion in
      patients with duodenal ulcer and basal secretion higher than 30% of their peak
      acid output. The patients were divided into two groups based on the ratio of
      basal/pentagastrin stimulated peak acid output (BAO/PAO) was higher or lower than
      0.30: group A n = 19 (BAO/PAO less than or equal to 0.30) and group B n = 9
      (BAO/PAO greater than 0.30). Gastric acid response to sham feeding (SAO) was
      significantly higher than basal level in group A (SAO: 11.4 mEq/h (2.5-20.1) vs
      BAO: 5.2 mEq/h (0.8-22.9), p less than 0.01, median (range)) while in group B the
      acid secretion did not increase with sham feeding (SAO: 9.6 mEq/h (4.5-13.6) vs
      BAO: 8.8 mEq/h (6.3-13.8) ns, median (range)). A negative correlation (r= 
      0.6118226, p less than 0.01) was found between acid increase expressed as basal
      subtracted sham feeding response (SAO-BAO) and BAO/PAO ratio of the entire group
      of duodenal ulcer patients (n = 28) suggesting that the greater is basal acid
      secretory capacity the smaller is acid increase in response to residual vagal
      activation. Pancreatic polypeptide response to sham feeding was higher in group A
      than in group B but no correlation (r = 0.20, n = 28) nor individual covariation
      was found between acid and pancreatic polypeptide secretions during vagal
      stimulation. sham feeding did not change serum gastrin. It is concluded that an
      increased vagal stimulation seems to be the cause of basal hypersecretion in a
      subgroup of patients with duodenal ulcer. The lact of correlation between the
      pancreatic polypeptide and acid responses to vagal stimulation interferes with
      the reliability of pancreatic polypeptide as indicator of vagal tone on gastric
      parietal cells.

PMID- 4018643
TI  - Origin of chronic right upper quadrant pain.
AB  - We have studied 22 consecutive patients referred for investigation of severe
      chronic right upper quadrant pain. The majority were women whose symptoms had
      been present for many years. All had undergone repeated investigations of the
      pancreatico-biliary, gastro-intestinal, urinary, and even gynaecological systems
      without a satisfactory diagnosis. Most had undergone at least one abdominal
      operation in an unsuccessful attempt to cure their pain. In 21 of 22 patients the
      customary pain was completely and reproducibly mimicked by balloon distension of
      the small or large intestine in at least one site. The trigger sites were jejunum
      (15), ileum (12), right colon (nine), and duodenum (six). In 12 more than one
      trigger site was found. Close questioning revealed features of the irritable
      bowel syndrome in the majority and depression in many though the symptoms were
      not spontaneously volunteered. Reproduction of pain has provided a convincing
      demonstration to this difficult group of patients that they have a sensitive gut
      and allows appropriate management.

PMID- 4018644
TI  - Environmental factors in aetiology of chronic gastric ulcer: a case control study
      of exposure variables before the first symptoms.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is indication that
      either smoking, alcohol ingestion, or ingestion of analgesic or non-salicylate
      non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs plays any role in the development of
      chronic gastric ulcer disease. A group of 104 patients with gastric ulcer was
      compared with an age, sex and social grade matched community control population
      as regards exposure to the above factors during three time periods--the lifetime,
      five year and one year periods before the initial onset of the patients' ulcer
      symptoms. In all three study periods a statistically significant risk of gastric
      ulcer was found to be associated with smoking, and the daily use of aspirin,
      indomethacin and of other non-salicylate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as
      a group, but not with alcohol or daily use of paracetamol. As exposure to the
      environmental factors preceded the initial onset of ulcer symptoms, causal
      relationships are suggested. Assuming the association are causal, it can be
      calculated that possibly up to 80% of gastric ulcer disease is attributable to
      smoking and the daily ingestion of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 4018645
TI  - Does age influence normal gastro-oesophageal reflux?
AB  - Prolonged oesophageal pH monitoring is being used increasingly to detect abnormal
      gastro-oesophageal reflux. To assess the influence of age on normal reflux
      patterns, a group of 13 young asymptomatic subjects (mean age 22 years) was
      compared with a group of 14 middle aged asymptomatic subjects (mean age 49
      years). An ambulatory system using a radiotelemetry capsule and a portable
      receiving system was used, oesophageal pH being recorded for at least 16 hours
      during an overnight hospital stay under standardised conditions. There was no
      significant difference in the duration or frequency of reflux episodes as defined
      by pH less than 5, less than 4, less than 3, or as a fall in pH of more than two
      units. It is concluded that it is an acceptable practice to use young volunteers
      to establish normal values in reflux studies of young and middle aged patients.

PMID- 4018646
TI  - Influence of morphine on the distal oesophagus and the lower oesophageal
      sphincter--a manometric study.
AB  - Basal pressure and relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) as well as
      amplitude, duration and propagation velocity of peristaltic waves in the distal
      third of oesophagus were measured in 15 healthy adults (nine men and six women).
      A highly standardised technique was used employing manometric equipment including
      a low-compliance pneumohydraulic infusion system and a triple lumen recording
      catheter. After establishment of baseline manometry values the catheter was
      positioned with its distal orifice in the lower oesophageal sphincter. In 10
      subjects 0.2 mg/kg body weight of morphine sulphate was then injected
      subcutaneously. In five others equal volume of saline was given. The manometric
      data were analysed blindly. Repeated manometric evaluations were carried out 15,
      30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes after the injection. Morphine increased slightly LOS
      pressure and significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased LOS-relaxation, the
      maximal effect occurring 30 minutes after the injection. Amplitude of peristaltic
      waves increased slightly but insignificantly, whereas propagation velocity and
      duration were uninfluenced. The results of this study suggest that pharmacologic
      doses of morphine influence normal function of the LOS and possibly the distal
      oesophagus. The role of endogenous opiates in this respect, however, awaits
      further studies. It is suggested that abnormalities in opioid neurotransmission
      may explain some of the non-specific oesophageal motility disorders.

PMID- 4018647
TI  - Effect of warfarin on cell kinetics, epithelial morphology and tumour incidence
      in induced colorectal cancer in the rat.
AB  - The effect of low dose warfarin and high dose warfarin on epithelial cell
      kinetics (as determined by stathmokinetic techniques), and preneoplastic
      morphological changes was studied during azoxymethane induced carcinogenesis in
      the rat. Warfarin, at either low or high dose, had no effect on crypt cell
      production rate (CCPR) at any time interval whereas tumour incidence in both low
      dose warfarin and high dose warfarin groups was significantly reduced.
      Morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy, which by
      conventional histology were shown to be adenoma precursors. In the control group
      the number of microadenomas increased with time after starting azoxymethane. In
      warfarin treated animals, the number of microadenomas also increased with time,
      but the actual incidence was reduced when compared with controls. These results
      suggest that the effects of warfarin on tumour development is unrelated to its
      anticoagulant effect, because increased dose did not result in greater tumour
      reduction. Furthermore, there was no overall change in CCPR when warfarin was
      administered. Warfarin may exert a specific effect, by preventing neoplastic
      change in cells which have undergone morphologically undetectable changes
      associated with early carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4018648
TI  - Morphometric study of the small intestinal mucosa in young, adult, and old rats
      submitted to protein deficiency and rehabilitation.
AB  - Linear and stereological morphometric methods were applied to the jejunal and
      ileal mucosa of young, adult, and old male Wistar rats submitted to protein
      deficiency and rehabilitation. The animals were fed ad libitum a 2% casein diet
      during 42 days and then received a 20% casein diet for 30 days. Food intake, body
      weights, and plasma protein concentrations were recorded. In the young protein
      deficient rats values of mucosal height, surface area, and volume of the lamina
      propria were significantly lower than those of their age controls in both jejunum
      and ileum. In adults the differences were less marked and in the old rats all
      parameters were found to be unaltered by the protein deficient diet. The surface
      to-volume ratio showed no significant differences between control and protein
      deficient in all three age groups, meaning that villus pattern did not change
      with protein deficiency. On rehabilitation, a striking difference between jejunum
      and ileum was observed in the young rats; all parameters returned to control
      levels in the jejunum, while they remained lower than those of their controls in
      the ileum.

PMID- 4018649
TI  - What is the significance of pancreatic ductal mucinous hyperplasia?
AB  - The prevalence, distribution, and clinical associations of pancreatic ductal
      mucinous hyperplasia were studied in 102 non-malignant pancreases. Ductal
      mucinous hyperplasia was found in over 60% of specimens and was frequently
      associated with increased fibrosis--occasionally resembling pancreatitis.
      Significantly more ductal mucinous hyperplasia was found in pancreas from
      patients who were receiving corticosteroid treatment. Neither a history of
      hypercalcaemia in the three months before death, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism,
      tobacco smoking, nor the presence of gall stones was associated with an increase
      in ductal mucinous hyperplasia. The age of maximum prevalence, and the
      distribution of ductal mucinous hyperplasia in the pancreas were similar to those
      of pancreatic carcinoma. These similarities may be because both ductal mucinous
      hyperplasia and pancreatic carcinoma are proliferative responses, rather than
      because ductal mucinous hyperplasia is a precursor of pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 4018650
TI  - Interpretation of the breath hydrogen profile obtained after ingesting a solid
      meal containing unabsorbable carbohydrate.
AB  - The extent to which monitoring breath hydrogen excretion provides information
      concerning the entry of the residues of a solid test meal into the colon was
      investigated in 89 normal subjects, and 11 patients with the irritable bowel
      syndrome. The profile of breath hydrogen concentration showed an early peak, that
      occurred soon after ingesting the test meal in 89% subjects. This was followed by
      a later more prolonged rise in breath hydrogen concentration. The early peak
      occurred well before a radioactive marker, incorporated in the test meal, reached
      the caecum and the data suggest it was predominantly caused by the emptying of
      the remnants of the previous meal from the ileum into the colon. This hypothesis
      was supported by direct measurements of the rate of delivery of ileostomy
      effluent in 12 subjects with terminal ileostomies. Fermentation of carbohydrate
      in the mouth may, however, contribute to the initial peak, but this contribution
      may be avoided by collecting gas samples from the nares. The secondary rise in
      breath hydrogen excretion was closely correlated with the arrival of the
      radioactive marker in the caecum (r = 0.91), p less than 0.001), though the time,
      at which the secondary peak of breath hydrogen excretion occurred was poorly
      correlated with the time that all the radioactive test meal had entered the
      colon. When lactulose was infused directly into the colon, as little as 0.5 g
      produced a discernible hydrogen response, which occurred within two minutes of
      the infusion. Increasing the rate of colonic infusion of a 50 ml solution of 10%
      lactulose from 0.02 to 0.15 g/min in five subjects significantly increased the
      breath hydrogen concentration. At infusion rates below 0.075 g lactulose/minute,
      the peak breath hydrogen response preceded the end ot the infusion, while at
      higher rates of infusion, the peak hydrogen response occurred after the end of
      the infusion. Although these results confirmed that monitoring breath hydrogen
      concentration usefully signalled the time taken for a meal containing unabsorbed
      carbohydrate to reach the colon, it did not reliably indicate the time when all
      of the meal had entered the colon. Finally, the use of the maximum increase in
      breath hydrogen concentration as an index of the degree of carbohydrate
      malabsorption assumes uniform rates of entry into the colon.

PMID- 4018651
TI  - Endoscopic variceal pressure measurements: response to isosorbide dinitrate.
AB  - An endoscopic pressure sensor has been evaluated in the measurement of
      oesophageal variceal pressure and its response to drug ingestion. The variceal
      pressure showed a highly significant correlation with the splenic pulp pressure
      (r = 0.97) in six patients with liver disease of diverse aetiology and with
      hepatic venous wedge pressure (r = 0.92) in eight alcoholic cirrhotic men.
      Intraduodenal infusion of isosorbide dinitrate in the cirrhotics produced no
      change in wedge pressure or endoscopic variceal pressure despite profound falls
      in arterial systolic pressure. Thus isosorbide dinitrate appears to be of no
      value in treating portal hypertension. This study establishes the endoscopic
      pressure sensor as a valuable tool in screening drugs in this condition.

PMID- 4018652
TI  - Development of impaired splenic function in intestinal lymphangiectasia.
AB  - We describe a patient with intestinal lymphangiectasia who developed hyposplenism
      and speculate that it resulted from chronic loss of lymphocytes into the gut.

PMID- 4018654
TI  - Endocervical stromal sarcoma--a case report.
AB  - A case of a stromal sarcoma in a cervical polyp is presented. The tumor was
      confined to the polyp as evidenced by the histological examination of the uterus
      and cervix after surgery. In spite of that the patient died of widespread
      abdominal metastasis 1 year after the initial diagnosis.

PMID- 4018655
TI  - Recurrent cervical cancer presenting as small bowel obstruction.
AB  - A case report of a patient with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
      is presented in whom the recurrence was confined to the gastrointestinal tract
      and omentum in the upper abdomen. No evidence of recurrent disease was present in
      the pelvis or paraaortic lymph node bearing areas. Possible mechanisms for this
      unusual location of recurrence are discussed.

PMID- 4018653
TI  - Propranolol disposition in cirrhosis.

PMID- 4018656
TI  - Five-year survival following combination radiotherapy and chemotherapy for
      recurrent mixed mesodermal sarcoma of the ovary.

PMID- 4018657
TI  - V factor (tumor volume) and T factor (FIGO classification) in the assessment of
      cervix cancer prognosis: the risk of lymph node spread.
AB  - An attempt was made by investigation of the operative specimens from 98 patients
      suffering from epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix to assess the relationship
      between lymphatic spread on one hand and tumor volume and anatomical stage on the
      other hand. Within the same anatomical stage the risk of lymphatic spread is more
      important as the tumor volume increases. The reverse is also true. Within the
      same volume the risk of lymphatic spread increases when cancer extends beyond the
      "cervix-parametrium" barrier. The anatomical classification based on the T factor
      deserves to be retained, classification which some wanted to replace by another
      one based exclusively on the V factor.

PMID- 4018659
TI  - Approach to the abdominal retroperitoneum in patients with gynecologic
      malignancies.
AB  - The treatment of patients with gynecologic malignancies is still widely dependent
      on clinical staging. The introduction of the concept of surgical staging has
      significantly altered treatment plans. Better staging allows better treatment and
      more accurate comparison of survival and cure rates. We describe a surgical
      technique to expose the abdominal retroperitoneum. Sixteen patients have been
      explored by this technique. There has been no apparent difficulty in this
      procedure, even when performed on obese patients.

PMID- 4018658
TI  - Laser or cryotherapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomized study
      to compare efficacy and side effects.
AB  - A randomized study was performed to compare efficacy and side effects of laser
      and cryotherapy: 51 patients were treated with laser vaporization and 50 patients
      with cryotherapy. Success rates for laser and cryotherapy were not significantly
      different. Success rates were significantly related to lesion size. Grade of CIN,
      positive endocervical curettage, parity, and age at treatment were not found to
      be related. Vaginal discharge, both in duration and amount, was significantly
      less in patients treated with laser vaporization, compared with cryotherapy, but
      pain and bleeding occurred more often in patients treated with laser
      vaporization. A brief review of possible sources of bias in comparative studies
      on laser and cryotherapy is given, indicating the preference for a randomized
      study. It is concluded that widespread introduction of laser facilities in
      smaller centers is not justified, because the success rates are not better than
      those of cryotherapy, and because the advantages of less discharge are outweighed
      by the high cost.

PMID- 4018660
TI  - Second primary malignancy in endometrial carcinoma patients.
AB  - An epidemiologic study of multiple primary malignant neoplasms in endometrial
      cancer patients in Israel is presented. During the 7-year period of the study,
      104 patients (10.3%) out of 1007 patients diagnosed as having endometrial cancer
      had another primary cancer. There was a significant difference in the incidence
      of multiple primary cancers between various ethnic groups, women of
      European/American origin having higher incidence than women of Asian/African
      origin. A significantly higher than expected incidence of second primary cancers
      occurred at the following sites: breast (relative risk, 4.1), ovary (relative
      risk, 11.6), cervix (relative risk, 5.1), and colon (relative risk, 5.9). The
      prognosis was mainly influenced by the site of the second primary cancer. The
      increased incidence of multiple primary malignancies justifies a high level of
      alertness to the possibility of second primary cancer in endometrial cancer
      patients.

PMID- 4018661
TI  - Stage I endometrial carcinoma: a review of 140 patients primarily treated by
      surgery only.
AB  - One hundred patients with stage Ia and 40 patients with stage Ib endometrial
      carcinoma had hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy performed as the
      only primary treatment. Sixty-two percent of the patients had well-differentiated
      tumors, 31% moderately differentiated, and 7% undifferentiated tumors.
      Information on myometrial invasion was not available. The overall 5-year survival
      was 0.92 and the 5-year survival by tumor grade 0.96, 0.90, and 0.80 for patients
      with grade 1, 2, and 3 tumors, respectively. Survival rates decreased
      significantly with increased tumor dedifferentiation. Prognosis was not affected
      by enlargement of the uterine cavity or by higher patient age. Of 7 cases of
      isolated vaginal or pelvic recurrence, 4 could by controlled by irradiation
      therapy. These results compared to reported results of combined therapy suggest,
      that in well-differentiated cases-the majority of stage I endometrial cancers
      combined therapy of surgery and irradiation presents no advantage over simple
      hysterectomy.

PMID- 4018662
TI  - Analysis of serum lactic dehydrogenase levels and its isoenzymes in ovarian
      dysgerminoma.
AB  - The usefulness of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and its isoenzyme
      analysis as potential malignant ovarian tumor markers was investigated in 74
      patients, including 5 cases of ovarian dysgerminomas. In this study 41.7% of
      patients with ovarian adenocarcinomas of the common epithelial types and 29.4% of
      cases with metastatic ovarian carcinoma had elevated preoperative serum LDH
      levels. In contrast all 5 cases of ovarian dysgerminomas had extremely high
      levels of serum LDH prior to therapy, whereas all 11 cases of benign solid
      ovarian tumors had normal LDH levels. The analysis of LDH isoenzymes revealed
      that ovarian dysgerminomas had high levels of the two fast fractions of LDH,
      whereas other malignant ovarian tumors had elevated levels of the two slow
      fractions. The present findings indicate that serum LDH levels and
      electrophoresis of its isoenzymes may be of value in patients with ovarian
      dysgerminomas.

PMID- 4018663
TI  - The effect of postoperative external radiotherapy on cervical carcinoma stage IB
      and IIA.
AB  - Among 344 patients operated after intracavitary irradiation of cervical carcinoma
      stage IB and IIA, 55 had positive nodes in the operation specimen, 16 of these
      received no postoperative irradiation, 22 received pelvic irradiation without a
      boost dose to positive nodes, and 17 also received a boost. The crude 5-year
      survival was 52% for these 55 high-risk patients. All 3 patients with
      adenocarcinoma died. For squamous-cell carcinoma postoperative irradiation gave a
      later relapse and less distant metastases, but survival was not approved.
      Postoperative irradiation with a boost added, resulted in 3 recurrences among 16
      patients, none in the treated volume, and only one complication. The numerically
      improved survival of this small group was not statistically significant, however.
      A randomized trial with and without postoperative irradiation with a boost dose,
      requiring 1100-1200 operated patients, would answer the question whether the
      observed improval is significant or not.

PMID- 4018664
TI  - Progesterone secreting Sertoli cell tumor of the ovary.
AB  - A 33-year-old woman presenting with secondary amenorrhea and galactorrhea was
      found to have a Sertoli cell tumor of the ovary. The neoplasm also had a sex cord
      tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) component. Further investigations revealed
      that in many respects the patient was endocrinologically pregnant. She had
      markedly elevated serum estrogen and progesterone levels and the endometrium
      demonstrated pronounced decidualization, but there was no evidence of actual
      pregnancy. Estrogen and progesterone were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry to
      be present in both the Sertoli cell and SCTAT portions of the tumor.

PMID- 4018665
TI  - [Plastic surgery in prolapse and incontinence].

PMID- 4018666
TI  - [Treatment of the prolapsed vaginal blind end].

PMID- 4018667
TI  - [Surgery for the formation of a new vagina].

PMID- 4018668
TI  - [Indication and technic of metroplasty].

PMID- 4018669
TI  - [Carnitine for the stimulation of fetal lung maturation. Clinical case report].

PMID- 4018670
TI  - [Micromanipulatory sperm injection. A new method in the treatment of infertile
      men?].

PMID- 4018672
TI  - Natural killer cell activity after elective cesarean section under general and
      epidural anesthesia in healthy parturients and their newborns.
AB  - We studied the influence of elective cesarean section, under general and epidural
      anesthesia, on natural killer (NK) cell activity in 12 healthy parturients and in
      their newborns. The results of peripheral blood samples taken from the mothers
      before anesthesia and from the newborns 3 h after birth served as basal values
      against which the results of samples drawn on the 1st and 5th days following
      delivery were compared. A significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in the NK cell
      activity after surgery was found only in those mothers given general anesthesia.
      The differences between the studied groups were not, however, significant. NK
      activity in the peripheral blood samples of the newborns was not significantly
      different in the general anesthesia and in the epidural group during the follow
      up period. The results show that the depression induced by operative stress on
      the NK cell function of parturients can be, at least partly, prevented by using
      epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 4018671
TI  - Maternal and cord serum levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in normal
      pregnancies.
AB  - The tumor antigen and cytoskeleton protein tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) have
      been determined in maternal serum throughout pregnancy. TPA levels in serum from
      pregnant women (n = 70) were not different from those in nonpregnant women (n =
      61) until pregnancy week 28, from which time levels increased until parturition.
      Duplex pregnancies (n = 7) had higher serum TPA concentrations than simplex
      pregnancies, which was significant in pregnancy weeks 28 (p less than 0.014) and
      32 (p = 0.05). Maternal serum TPA concentrations did not change during abortion
      or parturition and the mixed umbilical blood concentration of TPA equaled that in
      the mother's serum just after parturition. The correlation between placenta
      weight and maternal serum TPA levels was significant (p = 0.025). The decline of
      TPA after labor indicated a t1/2 for serum TPA of 7.5 days.

PMID- 4018673
TI  - Effects of intra-amniotic isoxsuprine on amino acid placental transfer in rats.
AB  - Direct administration of isoxsuprine to the rat fetus increases placental
      transfer of 35S-methionine and this increase is statistically significant on day
      17 as compared with intraperitoneal administration and controls (p less than
      0.01; p less than 0.05). In contrast, no statistically significant differences
      were found between the groups on day 16.

PMID- 4018674
TI  - Functional cyst or ovarian cancer: histopathological findings during 1 year of
      surgery.
AB  - The histopathological findings recorded during 1 year in 101 women undergoing
      surgery for palpable ovarian tumors were analyzed with respect to patient age,
      medical history and presenting symptoms. Almost half of the women (43%) were
      younger than 30 years and functional cysts or normal ovaries were found in 66 out
      of totally 101 women. During the following 2 years 18 of these women were
      subjected to further gynecological surgery and 17 women were infertile. While
      surgical treatment of functional cysts in young women may be deleterious, 3 cases
      of ovarian cancer illustrate the diagnostic difficulties and the potential risk
      of neglecting surgery.

PMID- 4018675
TI  - Roentgenographic and mathematical analysis of first metatarsal osteotomies for
      metatarsus primus varus: a comparative study.
AB  - The operative effectiveness of five different first metatarsal osteotomies for
      nonarthritic hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus were objectively evaluated
      roentgenographically. The series consisted of 120 feet (75 patients) seen over a
      5-year period. The osteotomies were biplanar neck, Chevron, biplanar basilar,
      basilar concentric, and basilar concentric combined with a lateral closing wedge.
      All the osteotomies except for the Chevron had varying degrees of plantar
      displacement of the distal fragment and crossed Kirschner wire fixation. The
      operative techniques and failures are discussed. Special x-ray studies confirmed
      misleading pseudocorrections caused by bandage compression and intraoperative and
      early postoperative roentgenographic distortion. The Chevron gave the least
      correction, 2 degrees, and did not permit plantar displacement to obviate late
      metatarsal transfer lesions. The biplanar neck osteotomies were technically the
      simplest, giving 86% satisfactory corrections, averaging 4.3 degrees. The
      biplanar basilar osteotomies yielded the most erratic results. The poor results
      were due to medial tilt during fixation, thereby negating any correction. The
      technical difficulties with the basilar concentric osteotomy were overcome by the
      addition of a small lateral closing wedge. This procedure gave by far the most
      consistently good results with corrections of up to 12 degrees, averaging 7.9
      degrees.

PMID- 4018676
TI  - A method of predicting the degree of functional correction of the metatarsus
      primus varus with a distal lateral displacement osteotomy in hallux valgus.
AB  - Metatarsus primus varus may be an important pathologic component in hallux valgus
      deformity. The correction of the pathologic intermetatarsal angle M1 M2 is
      essential for providing an acceptable alignment of the hallux. The distal lateral
      displacement osteotomy of the first metatarsal (Chevron or Mitchell) provides
      correction of the intermetatarsal angle M1 M2. The present paper describes a
      simple method of calculating preoperatively the maximum possible correction
      through such osteotomies. This method, based on the measurement of the length of
      the first metatarsal and the width at the osteotomy site, projects the amount of
      correction and, furthermore, provides the limits of angular correction through
      such osteotomies performed distally.

PMID- 4018677
TI  - Chevron osteotomy: analysis of factors in patients' dissatisfaction.
AB  - The results of all Chevron osteotomies for hallux valgus performed at the Mayo
      Clinic between January 1976 and June 1982 were reviewed at least 1 year after
      surgery. Of the total 157 patients with 228 operations eligible for inclusion in
      this study, 154 patients with 225 operations were interviewed. Complete
      satisfaction was expressed for 79.1% of the procedures, satisfaction with minor
      reservations for 12.9%, and dissatisfaction for 8%. For the osteotomies producing
      incomplete satisfaction, further investigation identified failure to achieve
      correction and technical errors as the most prominent factors. There were no
      cases of avascular necrosis, osteotomy nonunion, or hallux varus.

PMID- 4018678
TI  - Handwriting of the alcoholic.
AB  - Alcohol intoxication produces abnormal handwriting with manifestations that are
      thoroughly described in the literature of forensic science. A less known
      phenomenon is the peculiar handwriting changes found in alcoholics, especially
      individuals in the later stages of the disease. In addition to the two
      handwriting states of non-alcoholic drinkers (normal/sober and intoxicated) the
      alcoholic writer has a third state, handwriting done in withdrawal. Withdrawal is
      a state of tension resulting in handwriting characterized by irregularity, ataxia
      and tremor. This type of abnormal handwriting creates special problems of
      authentication requiring detailed background history and appropriate comparison
      specimens, but it can also be used to judge the writer's state of sobriety.

PMID- 4018679
TI  - Teenage suicide--the five-year Metro Dade County experience from 1979 until 1983.
AB  - A study of suicide among teenagers was performed on the case files of the Office
      of the Medical Examiner of Metro Dade County in Miami, Florida, U.S.A. during the
      years 1979 until 1983. A total of 65 cases were studied and analyzed as to age,
      race, sex, cause of death, blood alcohol content at autopsy, drugs detected at
      autopsy, location of incident, presence or absence of a suicide note, and the
      reason for the suicide. The majority of the cases involved 16-19-year-old white
      males who took their life by handgun wounds. Predominantly they were sober. They
      killed themselves at home and half the time a note was left. Frequent reasons for
      the suicide included 'lover's quarrels" or drug problems.

PMID- 4018680
TI  - Postmortem interval estimation from body temperature data only.
AB  - One of the most consistently used methods of postmortem interval estimation
      (PMIE) is by means of body temperature measurements. Several variations of this
      method exist, from simple 'rules of the thumb' to quite complex equations
      requiring a knowledge of body mass and height. All of these methods employ a
      certain degree of approximation and perhaps the use of standard values and
      tables, and all of them are susceptible to some degree of error. The present
      study, at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Leeds, was initiated by the Home
      Office to investigate the extent of the errors which might be encountered in the
      use of these methods, and to devise a more simple and accurate method. The method
      devised is called the time-dependent-z equation, for purely theoretical reasons.
      It will be referred to as the TDZE method. The TDZE method requires the
      measurement of two rectal temperatures, about 1 h apart, a little mental
      arithmetic and reference to a single standard curve. The method is valid for all
      bodies, obese or emaciated, clothed or naked, in all environmental conditions,
      without modification. Results of the use of the method on data collected from 67
      coroner's cases compare favourably with the results obtained by the use of other
      methods on the same data.

PMID- 4018681
TI  - Serum strontium estimation as a diagnostic criterion of the type of drowning
      water.
AB  - The estimation of serum strontium in rabbits before and after death by drowning,
      in soft or hard water, or by barbiturate intoxication is highly promising as a
      method in medicolegal practice. It not only diagnoses drowning but also indicates
      the type of drowning water. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is a good method
      for the estimation.

PMID- 4018682
TI  - The theoretical aspects of the time dependent Z equation as a means of postmortem
      interval estimation using body temperature data only.
AB  - It has been clearly demonstrated that the rectal cooling curve does not obey
      Newton's Law, which is exponential. The first success in modelling rectal cooling
      mathematically was achieved by Marshall and Hoare [1]. An amendment was made to
      the simple exponential curve which led to a good mathematical model, exhibiting
      the three main sections of rectal cooling, i.e. lag, linear and quasi
      exponential. The resultant method of postmortem interval estimation required a
      knowledge of the body mass and height. The present study has led to a totally
      different amendment to Newton's Law, which provides a means of postmortem
      interval estimation from body temperature data only. The derivation of the
      method, with a background on Newton's Law follows.

PMID- 4018683
TI  - Esterase D phenotyping of bloodstains and hair roots by low voltage isoelectric
      focusing.
AB  - A new isoelectric focusing method is described for phenotyping of esterase D in
      blood stains and hair roots. It permitted easy and rapid discrimination of six
      phenotypes determined by ESD*1, ESD*2 and ESD*7. Experiments showed it to be
      practicable in forensic stain work. In addition, this technique was also usable
      in phenotyping of ESD 5.

PMID- 4018684
TI  - [Reconstruction of the female breast with autologous tissue following
      mastectomy].

PMID- 4018685
TI  - [Surgical treatment of liver metastases of colorectal cancers].

PMID- 4018686
TI  - [Classification and prognosis of colorectal cancers. Evaluation with
      multiparameter flow cytometry].

PMID- 4018687
TI  - [Benzopyrone in the therapy of postreconstructive edema. A clinical double-blind
      study].

PMID- 4018688
TI  - [Psychosocial sequelae of unemployment. High demand for the differential
      diagnostic sense of the physician].

PMID- 4018689
TI  - [Diagnosis and conservative treatment of intervertebral disk-induced diseases of
      the lumbar spine].

PMID- 4018690
TI  - [Prognosis and diagnosis of thoracic aorta aneurysms. An analysis of 40 patients;
      1: Symptomology, risk factors and prognosis].

PMID- 4018691
TI  - [Polyneuropathy--an unpopular diagnosis?].

PMID- 4018692
TI  - [Contraception in adolescents].

PMID- 4018693
TI  - [Acupuncture must be learned in the same way as surgery. Development and
      possibilities for use of a traditional and yet current therapeutic method].

PMID- 4018694
TI  - [Physical therapy in respiratory diseases].

PMID- 4018695
TI  - [Surgery of the spleen--splenectomy versus spleen preservation].

PMID- 4018696
TI  - [Embryo-fetotoxicity from the viewpoint of occupational medicine].

PMID- 4018697
TI  - [Prognosis and diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm. An analysis of 40 patients.
      2: Value of diagnostic procedures].

PMID- 4018698
TI  - [Antihypertensive action of verapamil. Results with a new delayed-action form for
      once-daily administration].

PMID- 4018699
TI  - [Bleeding to death from the umbilical cord?].

PMID- 4018700
TI  - [Effect of D-glucosamine sulfate on experimentally injured articular cartilage.
      Comparative morphometry of the ultrastructure of chondrocytes].

PMID- 4018701
TI  - [Presentation of a new tachistoscopic test procedure for measuring functional
      hemisphere asymmetries of the optic field].
AB  - A newly developed tachistoscopic test using visual half-field-stimulation was
      tried on a clinical population of 178 primary school children. Words and
      geometric figures were presented. The results showed inconsistent effects of
      increased tiredness on the one hand and training effects on the other hand, while
      doing the test. The amount of asymmetry in the performance was not effected. The
      construction of the test was based on results of a previous study with similar
      items on a normal population of the same age. Therefore the items within a pair
      of simultaneously presented words or geometric figures in the two visual half
      fields are generally of equal difficulty as perception is regarded. Therefore
      asymmetries in the perception are due to functional hemispheric asymmetry.
      Vertical oriented four-letterwords show no significant difference between
      reproduction from the right or left visual half-field. This discrepant finding
      regarding to the literature is discussed in respect of different methodology,
      different age distribution of the population, and different state of skills in
      reading and writing. Geometric figures showed marked asymmetries on the level of
      reproduction. Such items were much better recognized, if they were presented in
      the left visual half-field.

PMID- 4018702
TI  - [Schizoaffective psychoses in Germany and Japan--a transcultural psychiatric
      study].
AB  - 71 Japanese patients, who were diagnosed as a schizoaffective psychosis (ICD
      295.7) and admitted in the year of 1979 in the department of psychiatry of Nagoya
      City University Hospital and psychiatric ward of its branch hospital, were
      investigated on the following clinical features: Age of the first psychotic
      manifestation, heredity, premorbid personality, situation of manifestations,
      symptomatology, clinical course, somatic complications, EEG-findings and sorts of
      treatments. This group then was compared statistically with 71 German patients
      with schizoaffective psychoses, who were admitted in the year of 1980 in the
      psychiatric department of Munich University Hospital. The statistical differences
      between these two groups revealed mainly in their symptomatology, not in the
      other clinical features mentioned above exept a certain type of the premorbid
      personality and a certain situation of falling ill. As for the delusions, the
      delusion of reference was very commonly found among the Japanese group, but
      relatively few in the German (p less than 0,01). On the other hand, the delusion
      of guilt was much frequent among the German, but extremely rare in the Japanese
      (p less than 0,001). The depressive symptoms were more frequently seen in the
      German (p less than 0,001), whereas the catatonic symptomes were more commonly
      found in the Japanese. Delusion of possession was seen in the Japanese group
      exclusively. On the premorbid personality-types, the trait of the sensitive
      personality was more frequently found in the Japanese (p less than 0,05),
      however, when considering the situations of the manifestations, the inner
      familial conflicts were found much fewer in the Japanese (p less than
      0,05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018703
TI  - [Scientific explanation as a language and its application to psychiatry].
AB  - The concept of scientific explanation plays a crucial role in the methodological
      discussion within psychiatry. This article shows that since scientific
      explanation employs a language of its own, its syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic
      dimensions must therefore be analysed with the help of semiotics. The pragmatic
      dimension is given particular attention because, hitherto, it has been
      comparatively neglected in the methodological discussion within psychiatry.
      Furthermore, the concept of explanation is viewed as a problem sui generis and
      investigated, to begin with, independently of problems such as causality and
      teleology. By means of the problem of the ambiguity of inductive-statistical
      explanations, it is shown that scientific explanations which employ statistical
      laws without taking into consideration the pragmatic concept of the state of
      knowledge must necessarily come to incomplete and/or contradictory results. The
      state of knowledge (K) is defined as the set of propositions which are accepted
      as true by a person (x) at a given time (t). A more precise analysis shows that,
      within a given state of knowledge, an accepted proposition is generally seen as
      more or less probable where it can be assigned a value of credibility (B) which
      lies between 0 and 1. The force of an explanation, in the pragmatic-informative
      sense, thus consists in the fact that an explanation can increase the credibility
      value of an explanandum-event (E) through a presentation of particular
      circumstances (C) and of general laws (T) such that the following holds: BTUC(E)
      greater than B(E). Depending on the level of the absolute value of BTUC(E), a
      gradual differentiation is made with respect to the quality of pragmatic
      informative explanations. The various types of explanation can be differentiated
      according to the type of arguments employed in the explanans of a pragmatic
      informative explanation; the most important members of this family of
      explanations are the causal, functional, teleological, and dispositional
      elements. Finally, the concept of explanation is differentiated from that of
      understanding, another key concept in psychiatry. In this respect, it is
      important that the incorporation of pragmatic dimensions into scientific
      explanation must not be equated with the use of psychological categories; the
      latter are of importance solely for the concept of understanding. Furthermore,
      the notion is rejected that in psychiatry a higher value is to be attributed to
      explanation than to understanding. Rather, both concepts represent different
      approaches to psychiatric disorders, whereby each employs a language of its own.

PMID- 4018704
TI  - [Dilated cardiomyopathy: characterization by clinical and hemodynamic findings].
AB  - Dilated cardiomyopathy, a disease of the heart muscle of unknown origin, is
      characterized by impaired systolic function and dilatation of the left and right
      ventricles. In the Federal Republic of Germany, there are an estimated 4000 to
      5000 new cases reported yearly [40]. Pathologic-anatomic studies have
      demonstrated that, in addition to an extent of dilatation of all heart chambers
      dependent on the stage of the disease, up to 60% of those who die can be found to
      have intracardiac thrombi [37]. Specific histologic changes are absent [34].
      Disturbances of the microcirculation, a defect of autonomic innervation and
      biochemical alterations have been postulated as possible causes [7, 33, 35].
      Circulating and bound antibodies against myocardial antigens and pathologic
      cellular immunoreactions have been reported in association with both myocarditis
      and dilated cardiomyopathy; this, in turn, has led to the hypothetical assumption
      of a secondary immunopathogenesis after myocarditis [6, 9, 12, 18, 26, 33].
      Clinical and hemodynamic findings encompass a wide spectrum. With a mildly
      impaired ejection fraction to values between 40 and 54%, in our patients there
      was an associated enlargment of the end-systolic and end-diastolic ventricular
      volumes to 60 and 115 ml/m2 (upper normal limits 35 and 95 ml/m2), respectively.
      Those with increasing degrees of left ventricular function impairment to ejection
      fractions less than 40%, had additionally pathologic elevation of the filling
      pressures. In patients with marked impairment of the ejection fraction to values
      of less than 25%, cardiac output was reduced and systemic and pulmonary vascular
      resistances elevated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018705
TI  - Impaired plasma clearance of nicotinic acid and rifamycin-SV in Gilbert's
      syndrome: evidence of a functional heterogeneity.
AB  - Patients with Gilbert's syndrome (GS) have impaired clearance by the liver of
      some organic anions. We looked for possible differences in hepatic clearance of
      nicotinic acid (NA) and rifamycin-SV (R-SV) among GS patients, and examined the
      effect produced by these anions on the plasma levels of unconjugated bilirubin
      (UCB). Two subgroups of GS patients, GS1 and GS2, were differentiated according
      to their ability to handle R-SV and NA. Compared with a control group, the
      alteration of the half-life both of NA and R-SV was less marked in GS1 than in
      GS2. UCB plasma concentration after NA and R-SV loading was more greatly
      increased in GS2 than in GS1 patients. In addition, a striking correlation was
      found in all subjects studied between UCB and the half-life of NA and R-SV. These
      related alterations of plasma UCB and plasma half-life or organic anions suggests
      a common defect of hepatic uptake. It is hypothesized that this defect is located
      at the level of a hepatic plasma membrane carrier.

PMID- 4018706
TI  - Release of vasoactive intestinal peptide by intraduodenal infusion of HCl or fat
      and intramuscular injection of neostigmine in man.
AB  - A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay system for plasma vasoactive intestinal
      peptide (VIP) was developed to examine the effect of intraduodenal infusion of
      HCl or fat on the plasma VIP levels in healthy subjects, and the effect of
      intramuscular injection of neostigmine in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
      (IBS). Intraduodenal infusion of 100 ml of 0.1 N HCl or 10 g fat caused a
      significant rise in plasma VIP level. Neostigmine (12.5 micrograms/kg) produced a
      significant rise in plasma VIP level, and the plasma VIP response to neostigmine
      was significantly greater in the IBS group than in the normal group. These
      results suggest that VIP might play a role in the pathophysiology of IBS.

PMID- 4018707
TI  - Zinc deficiency as a problem in patients with Crohn's disease and fistula
      formation.
AB  - Zinc deficiency is common in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), especially in
      those with skin lesions and growth retardation. Patients with fistulas have been
      considered to be another group with zinc deficiency. We therefore determined
      serum zinc concentrations of 50 patients with CD. Zinc deficiency was diagnosed
      in 17 out of 50 patients (34%). Serum zinc concentrations of patients with
      fistulas were significantly lower than those of patients without fistulas, and
      zinc deficiency was found in 11/17 (65%) patients. Zinc deficiency may play a
      role in the formation and clinical course of fistulas. Therefore, in view of
      possible therapeutic implications, determination of serum zinc concentration in
      patients with CD and fistulas appears to be of value.

PMID- 4018708
TI  - The condition of the biliary tract and cholesecretion in cases of ulcerative
      colitis.
AB  - The functional condition of the biliary system and the changes in the biochemical
      composition of the bile were studied in 62 patients with ulcerative colitis. In
      most patients changes in the contractile and motor function of the gallbladder
      were observed. The rate of occurrence and the extent of these changes are
      associated with the severity and duration of the main disease. Disturbances in
      the biochemical composition of the bile were observed in all the groups of
      patients, but the most pronounced changes were found in severe cases of
      ulcerative colitis. The choleretic Flamin was introduced into the complex therapy
      of the patients with ulcerative colitis to make the correction of these
      disturbances possible. The examination program for the patients with ulcerative
      colitis is supposed to include the laboratory and roentgenologic investigations
      which characterize the condition of the biliary system.

PMID- 4018709
TI  - CEA and ferritin in chronic pancreatic disease: a comparative evaluation.
AB  - CEA and ferritin were determined in 90 subjects with the aim of comparing their
      value in the diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy. Ferritin was shown to be more
      sensitive than CEA in detecting pancreatic cancer patients (68.4% and 57.9%,
      respectively) all of whom were, however, in an inoperable stage. In contrast, CEA
      showed a higher specificity as compared to ferritin (77.4% and 47.2%,
      respectively), the latter being frequently increased in inflammatory conditions
      such as chronic pancreatitis. The simultaneous assessment of CEA and ferritin
      showed the highest sensitivity when either parameter was found to be pathological
      and the highest specificity when both were. The receiver-operating characteristic
      curves demonstrated that CEA is more discriminating than ferritin for all serum
      values. Neither ferritin nor CEA may be considered a practically suitable marker
      of pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 4018710
TI  - Small intestinal function in chronic relapsing pancreatitis.
AB  - In a prospective study, several parameters of small intestinal function have been
      assessed in 20 patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis with and without
      steatorrhoea. By and large all routine parameters of small intestinal function
      were found to be normal. In particular, neither a previously reported high
      incidence of lactase deficiency, nor D-xylose malabsorption or vitamin B12
      depletion was observed. However, there was a high incidence of abnormal 14C
      cholylglycine breath tests (40%), suggesting the presence of mild bacterial
      overgrowth. Occasionally, this condition was associated with diarrhoea and
      steatorrhoea, thus indicating that steatorrhoea remaining after high-dosage
      pancreatin supplementation might sometimes be due to bacterial overgrowth.

PMID- 4018711
TI  - A study on an artifact introduced by fetal bovine serum-supplemented medium.
AB  - The antiserum raised in (C3H/HeJ X A/J)F1 mice by repeated immunization with
      mitomycin c(MMC)-treated ASL-1 leukemia cells maintained in vivo reacted with all
      tumor and normal cell lines maintained in vitro, but not with cell lines
      maintained in vivo. The common antigens detected in tissue-culture cells (CATC)
      turned negative after short in vivo cultivation of in vitro ASL-1 cells, and
      turned positive after short in vitro cultivation of in vivo ASL-1 cells.
      Treatment of cultured cells with antibiotics (kanamycin, gentamycin) did not
      alter the reactivity to the a-CATC serum. However, the activity of a-CATC serum
      was reduced by mixing the anti serum with fetal bovine serum (FBS), and an
      antigen antibody precipitation reaction occurred between the serum and FBS.
      Antigens which reacted with this antiserum were indicated to be FBS-related. The
      antibody against FBS was incidentally produced by immunization with weakly
      immunogenic tumor cells treated with MMC in FBS-supplemented medium. This study
      reinforms that the presence of FBS bound to cell membranes can introduce
      artifacts in the serological analysis of antiserum.

PMID- 4018712
TI  - [Biomicroscopic observation of macular breaks].
AB  - Ninety-five eyes from 90 patients with macular breaks were studied
      biomicroscopically using the E1 Bayadi-Kajiura preset lens. Retinal detachments
      due to macular breaks were present in 14 of the eyes. The prevalence of posterior
      vitreous detachments (PVD) was 44% in idiopathic senile macular breaks (66 eyes),
      78% in highly myopic macular breaks (9 eyes), and 95% in secondary macular breaks
      (20 eyes). Opercula, indicated the presence of vitreous traction, were found in
      48% of the senile cases, in 22% of high myopes, and in 20% of secondary cases.
      Most of opercula were seen in eyes with no PVD or partial PVD. In 4 eyes without
      high myopia, vitreous traction at the edges of macular breaks resulted in retinal
      detachment.

PMID- 4018713
TI  - [Basic study for cancer therapy with porphyrin derivatives and pheophorbide
      derivatives].
AB  - The properties of Porphyrin and Pheophorbide derivatives with cyclic tetrapyrrole
      structure have a specific character to accumulate selectively in tumor tissues
      and destruct tumor cells by photodynamic action. Recently, Photoradiation therapy
      of cancer with Porphyrin derivatives has put into practice, but its indication is
      very limited. We examined fundamentally on tumor tissue affinity of various
      Porphyrin and Pheophorbide derivatives, aiming at expanding therapeutic
      indication and application. As materials we used 73 derivatives in total,
      including 14 Porphyrin derivatives, 32 Pheophorbide derivatives, 17 Porphyrin
      metal complex and 10 Pheophorbide metal complex, and examined about the relation
      between their side branches and their tumor tissue affinity by N2-pulsed Laser
      spectrofluorometry, using tumor-bearing Golden Hamster. Furthermore, we
      investigated substances connected with Hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) in tumor
      cells. As a result, we had the following conclusions. N2-pulsed Laser
      spectrofluorometry is useful for analysis of Porphyrin and Pheophorbide
      derivatives in vivo. In Porphyrin derivatives, those with dimer structure and
      acetyl radical have higher tumor tissue affinity than those without such
      structures. Existence of OH radical and dimer structure is dispensable for tumor
      tissue affinity of Pheophorbide derivatives. OH radical in Porphyrin metal
      complex and acetyl radical in Pheophorbide metal complex are important factors
      for tumor tissue affinity of them. It is suggested that Hematoporphyrin
      derivatives (HPD) in vivo combine with protein in tumor cells.

PMID- 4018714
TI  - [Studies on mechanisms of prolactin synthesis and secretion using perfusion
      system of rat pituitary cells].
AB  - The direct effect of TRH, dopamine, and hypothalamic extract on prolactin (PRL)
      synthesis and release were studied in an in vitro perfusion system using female
      rat pituitary cells and rat pituitary tumor cells (GH3 cells). The cells were
      exposed to tritium-leucine containing medium during perfusion, and total amounts
      of released PRL were measured by radioimmunoassay (IR-PRL), while those of newly
      synthesized PRL by counting immunoprecipitated radioactivity of tritium-labeled
      PRL (IP-PRL). IP-PRL began to be released immediately after exposure to tritium
      leucine, and gradually increased to a plateau within five hours. After this
      period, calculated specific activity (SA; IP-PRL/IR-PRL) was unchanged by
      stimulation of TRH, but when TRH (10(-10)M-10(-8)M) was applied in the phase of
      increasing SA, decreased SA of released PRL was observed, indicating that TRH
      released previously stored PRL preferentially. Hypothalamic extract showed PRL
      releasing effect similar to TRH in point of decreasing SA. Continuous
      administration of TRH evoked pulsatile IR-PRL release, followed by a decrease to
      basal level, and had no effect on SA except pulsatile decrease coincident with
      pulses of IR-PRL. Dopamine inhibited PRL release without change of SA and was
      presumed to affect both newly synthesized and previously stored PRL. However,
      brief interruption of dopamine infusion evoked PRL release with a decrease of SA,
      indicating the release of previously stored PRL. In contrast with the
      heterogenous PRL responsiveness to TRH stimulation in normal pituitary cells, GH3
      cells, a clonal strain of rat pituitary tumor cells, released PRL in response to
      TRH with a constantly increasing rate of SA. Thus the concept of functionally
      heterogenous subpopulations in normal pituitary mammotrope cells was supported.

PMID- 4018715
TI  - [Right ventricular dysplasia: clinical features compared with dilated
      cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Five patients with right ventricular dysplasia (RVD) and 28 patients with
      predominantly left sided dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were studied. RVD was
      characterised by syncope, recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia, which
      typically had a left bundle branch block pattern on the surface
      electrocardiogram, right heart failure, and faint or absence of the right
      ventricular free wall on the myocardial scintigraphy. Two-dimensional
      echocardiographic, radionuclide angiographic, and contrast ventriculographic
      studies were typical of the right ventricular abnormalities in both Uhl's anomaly
      and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Two of them were died suddenly.
      Pathologic examinations showed "parchment-like" thinning of portions of the right
      ventricular free wall and its replacement by adipose tissue, although such
      degenerations were not found in the septum and the left ventricle. By contrast,
      DCM was characterised by exertional dyspnea and short run ventricular
      tachycardia, most of which had a right bundle branch block pattern. Ten of them
      had left ventricular myocardial defects on the scintigraphy, of whom five died
      suddenly. Hemodynamic data showed that left ventricular dysfunction was
      predominant more than right ventricle. Thus we postulate that these two syndromes
      are manifestations of a congenital, pathophysiologic process - the "involved
      right or left ventricle" syndrome.

PMID- 4018716
TI  - [Familial goitrous cretinism with giant goiter and hyperthyroglobulinemia: report
      of two siblings].
AB  - A 39 year-old-man and a 44 year-old-woman who was his elder sister were admitted
      to our hospital for study and treatment of goiter and hypothyroidism. Both had
      giant goiters. When he was about 3 years old goiter was first noticed since then
      the goiter slowly increased in size until the time of admission, while her goiter
      increased in size from when she was about 30 years old. Though both cases were
      already recognized as cretinism, they had not been treated. Perchlorate discharge
      test showed impaired iodide organification in both cases. Their serum
      thyroglobulin concentration was extremely high (1800 ng/ml). To our knowledge,
      there have been no case reports of goiterous cretinism due to impaired iodide
      organification with hyperthyroglobulinemia except the report by Hirota, Y. et al.

PMID- 4018717
TI  - Glucose and fructose feeding lead to alterations in structure and function of
      very low density lipoproteins.
AB  - Young male rats were fed regular lab chow, or a diet containing 66% of total
      calories as either glucose or fructose. Both experimental diets led to
      hypertriglyceridemia, with fasting TG concentrations after one week of 195 +/- 20
      and 296 +/- 44 mg/dl for rats fed glucose and fructose, respectively, compared to
      94 +/- 10 mg/dl in the control rats. Moderate changes in VLDL composition were
      observed with both test diets, characterized by slight increases in TG: protein
      ratio, and increased total cholesterol and phospholipid content. In addition,
      VLDL isolated from rats fed high carbohydrate diets were increased in size, with
      a mean VLDL particle diameter of 666 A and 720 A in glucose-fed and fructose-fed
      rats, as compared to 536 A in control rats. The changes in lipid composition and
      size of VLDL particles isolated from glucose and fructose-fed donor rats were
      associated with an increase in their rate of removal from the circulation
      following their injection into normal recipient rats (half-life time 2.4 +/- 0.2
      and 3.2 +/- 0.3 min respectively) as compared to VLDL-TG derived from chow fed
      donors (4.1 +/- 0.2 min). These data indicate that diets high in either glucose
      or fructose can lead to both structural and functional changes in VLDL, and
      provide additional evidence that the ability of fructose to induce profound
      hypertriglyceridemia is not secondary to a defect in VLDL-TG catabolism.

PMID- 4018718
TI  - In vivo and in vitro effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide on the release of
      prolactin in rats.
AB  - The effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on the release of prolactin
      (PRL) in rats was studied in vivo and in vitro. Intravenous injection of 5
      micrograms/100 g BW of CCK-8 resulted in significant increase in the plasma PRL
      level after 10 and 20 min. CCK-8 at concentrations of 10(-11) M to 10(-7) M also
      caused dose-dependent stimulation of PRL release from dispersed cells of rat
      anterior pituitary. On the other hand, dopamine inhibited PRL release from
      dispersed cells of rat anterior pituitary in a dose-related manner at
      concentrations of 10(-8) M to 10(-6) M. Release of PRL from the cells was
      increased by addition of K+ at high concentration (53 mM) in a Ca++-dependent
      manner. Addition of 10(-3) M verapamil to the incubation medium inhibited CCK-8
      induced PRL release from the cells. Addition of dopamine (10(-7) M) to the
      incubation medium inhibited PRL release from the cells induced by CCK-8 or high
      K+ (53 mM). These results indicate that CCK-8 acts directly on the anterior
      pituitary cells to stimulate PRL release and that calcium ion is involved in the
      mechanism of this effect.

PMID- 4018719
TI  - Oxytocin in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of pregnant and nonpregnant
      subjects.
AB  - The oxytocin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of
      pregnant women at term with and without labor pain were measured by
      radioimmunoassay and compared with those of non-pregnant women of matched age.
      The oxytocin concentrations in the CSF were 4.9 +/- 4.1 microU/ml (mean +/- S.D.)
      in pregnant women with labor pain, 4.1 +/- 2.4 microU/ml in those without labor
      pain and 4.0 +/- 2.8 microU/ml in nonpregnant women, and the oxytocin
      concentrations in the plasma of these subjects were 45.2 +/- 19.6, 17.1 +/- 22.2
      and 7.0 +/- 5.3 microU/ml, respectively. Thus the oxytocin level in the CSF did
      not change appreciably even when the level in the plasma was raised in the
      pregnant women with labor pain. These findings suggest that oxytocin does not
      penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and that oxytocin in the CFS has little or no
      central role in parturition in women.

PMID- 4018720
TI  - The effect of calcium supplements on plasma alkaline phosphatase and urinary
      hydroxyproline in postmenopausal women.
AB  - Although calcium supplements are widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis,
      their beneficial effect is not conclusively established. We now report some
      effects of a calcium supplement (1 g/day) given for 6 to 12 weeks to 15
      postmenopausal osteoporotic women. The mean fasting urinary
      hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio decreased from 0.021 +/- 0.002 to 0.015 +/- 0.001
      (P less than 0.0025), indicating a significant reduction in bone resorption. The
      mean plasma alkaline phosphatase fell from 123 +/- 5 U/l to 104 +/- 3.1 U/l (P
      less than 0.01), probably representing some secondary reduction in bone formation
      following the inhibition of bone resorption. These results support the concept
      that calcium supplementation is useful in the treatment of postmenopausal
      osteoporosis.

PMID- 4018721
TI  - A comparison of stimulation of proline incorporation by human growth hormone and
      a two-chain modification.

PMID- 4018722
TI  - Gonadal steroids deficiency and prolactin response to a met-enkephalin analog in
      man.
AB  - The aim of this study was to ascertain whether there is a correlation between
      gonadal steroids and opioid control of prolactin (PRL) secretion. Four castrated
      men, aged 18 to 24 years were submitted to intravenous injection of 250 ug of a
      met-enkephalin analog (D-Ala2-Mephe4-Met-(o)-ol-Enkephalin, FK 33824) (DAMME). In
      normal men DAMME injection was also performed on the 6th day after treatment with
      clomiphene citrate (CC) (200 mg/day for 5 days), a specific nonsteroidal estrogen
      receptor blocker. In castrated men and in normal men after CC treatment, there
      was a lower PRL response to DAMME than in controls (P less than 0.0005). These
      results suggest that gonadal steroid deficiency seems to cause a change in the
      opioid system and/or dopaminergic control of prolactin secretion.

PMID- 4018723
TI  - 17-beta Estradiol and progesterone levels in plasma of rhesus monkeys bearing
      copper-T device.

PMID- 4018724
TI  - Neuropsychological deficit and regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenic
      patients.
AB  - The paper examined the relationship between the scales of the Luria Nebraska
      Neuropsychological Battery and measures of cerebral blood flow in a sample of 51
      chronic schizophrenic patients without a history of brain damage. Of 88
      correlations between the two sets of data, 22 were significant at the .05 level.
      The measurement of left anterior gray flow were particularly predictive of LNNB
      scores, although all correlations were at a moderate level, ranging from -.24 to 
      .38. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that neuropsychological testing
      performance in schizophrenics is related to brain function rather than merely
      reflecting deficits due to anxiety or other psychiatric features which have been
      hypothesized to invalidate neuropsychological assessment in this population. The
      data are also consistent with the notion that schizophrenia is more likely
      associated with left-anterior functioning, and that gray-matter measures in rCBF
      are effective predictors of neuropsychological performance.

PMID- 4018725
TI  - Family or individual therapy: the determinants of modality choice.
AB  - There are powerful non-rational forces in patients and therapists alike, and in
      the therapeutic context. These forces often determine whether individual or
      family therapy is chosen. Historical, cultural, and economic forces, patient and
      family motivations, and therapist preferences are all powerful determinants of
      modality choice. This is partly due to the newness of the field of family
      therapy, and will probably continue until we have a better conceptual grasp of
      family theory and nosology, the interrelation of individual and family pathology,
      and a clearer delineation of the criteria for these modalities.

PMID- 4018726
TI  - A wolf in sheep's clothing? Simultaneous use of structural family therapy and
      behavior modification in a case of encopresis and enuresis.

PMID- 4018727
TI  - Liver disease activity and hepatitis B virus replication in chronic delta antigen
      positive hepatitis B virus carriers.
AB  - Delta antigen is currently thought to reflect superinfection of the liver with a
      defective RNA virus (delta agent), requiring helper function from hepatitis B
      virus for its replication. To assess the influence of delta agent on hepatitis B
      virus replication in patients persistently infected with both viruses and showing
      chronic liver disease, we measured serum and liver hepatitis B virus DNA in HBsAg
      positive chronic liver disease patients who were either positive or negative for
      delta antigen in the liver. Hepatitis B virus DNA was assayed in the serum of 21
      patients with delta antigen-positive/HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease and in
      21 patients with delta antigen-negative/HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease
      matched for HBeAg/anti-HBe status and underlying liver histology. HBcAg and delta
      antigen in liver was determined by immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase
      staining. In delta antigen-positive/HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease, serum
      hepatitis B virus DNA was detected transiently in 4 of 21 cases (19%) and was
      present in these patients at low levels (trace to 2+). In contrast, 9 of 21 (43%)
      delta antigen-negative/HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease patients were serum
      hepatitis B virus DNA positive, and five of these had high serum hepatitis B
      virus DNA levels (3+ to 4+). Serum HBsAg and anti-HBc titers were significantly
      lower in delta antigen-positive cases and correlated with reduced amount of HBcAg
      in the liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018728
TI  - Recombinant leukocyte interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
AB  - We have investigated the efficacy of a relatively prolonged course of recombinant
      leukocyte interferon treatment in 14 chronic HBsAg-, HBeAg-, hepatitis B virus
      DNA- and DNA polymerase-positive carriers. alpha-Interferon was administered for
      9 weeks. Six of 14 treated carriers have a sustained loss of HBeAg, hepatitis B
      virus DNA and DNA polymerase. Four subsequently lost HBsAg (28.5%). Elevated
      pretreatment SGPT concentrations, histologic chronic active hepatitis, an
      exacerbation of chronic hepatitis with an increase in SGPT concentrations in the
      last weeks of treatment and possibly recent onset of the carrier state was
      associated with complete inhibition of viral replication. None of 11 matched,
      untreated HBsAg-, HBeAg-, hepatitis B virus DNA- and DNA polymerase-positive
      carriers monitored during the same period lost HBsAg. The effect of recombinant
      leukocyte interferon may require an appropriate host-immune response. The
      efficacy of recombinant leukocyte interferon therapy is restricted, but it may be
      of benefit in a proportion of carriers, if these carriers can be precisely
      identified.

PMID- 4018729
TI  - Choline fails to prevent liver fibrosis in ethanol-fed baboons but causes
      toxicity.
AB  - To determine how choline supplementation affects the liver and whether it can
      protect against ethanol-induced liver injury, baboons were fed either normal or
      choline-supplemented diets, each with or without ethanol. Eighteen baboons were
      pair-fed for 3 to 4 years liquid diets with 50% of total energy as ethanol or
      isocaloric carbohydrate; ten animals were given our regular diets, whereas in
      eight the choline content was increased 5-fold. Six additional animals were fed
      individually with the control diets (with or without additional choline). With
      both ethanol-containing diets, ethanol intake was comparable and resulted in
      hepatic steatosis and striking mitochondrial lesions, with increases in serum
      bilirubin and SGOT, SGPT and glutamate dehydrogenase activities. In addition, of
      the five animals fed alcohol with the regular diet, one progressed to incomplete
      cirrhosis and two others developed perivenular and associated perisinusoidal
      fibrosis. Similarly, in the four baboons fed alcohol with choline
      supplementation, incomplete cirrhosis developed in one and perivenular fibrosis
      in two. Collagen deposition was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase with a specific
      antibody against procollagen Type III. These animals also displayed proliferation
      of myofibroblasts in the perivenular area and transformation of fat-storing cells
      to transitional cells in the perisinusoidal space, with associated enhanced
      collagen fiber deposition. Thus, in baboons, choline supplementation failed to
      prevent alcohol-induced steatosis and fibrosis. All parameters remained normal in
      the eight baboons fed the regular control diet. However, in the choline
      supplemented controls, serum bilirubin, SGOT and glutamate dehydrogenase
      activities increased moderately and serum albumin decreased. Occasional fat
      droplets appeared in hepatocytes with mitochondrial changes (enlargement and
      alterations of the cristae) and an abundance of "myelin" figures in the
      cytoplasm, indicating that choline supplementation exerts moderate
      hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 4018730
TI  - Hereditary chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in mutant rats caused by
      defective hepatic anion transport.
AB  - A mutant rat strain is described with autosomal recessive conjugated
      hyperbilirubinemia. Transport of conjugated bilirubin and
      tetrabromosulfophthalein from liver to bile is severely impaired whereas uptake
      of organic anions from plasma to liver is normal. During the first 10 days of
      life, serum bilirubin levels are 147 +/- 11 mumoles per liter with 68.7%
      diconjugates and 27.9% monoconjugates. In adult rats, serum bilirubin is 33 +/- 8
      mumoles per liter with 81.8% diconjugates and 12.1% monoconjugates vs. 0.3 +/-
      0.1 mumole per liter unconjugated bilirubin in normal adult rats. Bile acid
      metabolism is only mildly affected. In young rats, serum bile acid levels are
      normal. In adult rats, bile acid levels are elevated to 49 +/- 11 mumoles per
      liter vs. 10 +/- 6 mumoles per liter in normal rats. The bile flow in mutant rats
      is reduced to about 50%. This might be caused by a reduction of the bile acid
      independent bile fraction. Liver marker enzyme activities in mutant rat serum are
      normal. Liver morphology is also normal. Total urinary coproporphyrin excretion
      is not elevated but urinary coproporphyrin isomer I excretion is increased, a
      pattern like that in Dubin-Johnson syndrome in humans. However, unlike Dubin
      Johnson syndrome, the mutant rats do not have the characteristic black hepatic
      pigment. These rats provide a unique model to study mechanisms of bile formation
      and cholestasis.

PMID- 4018731
TI  - Cimetidine inhibits the formation of the reactive, toxic metabolite of isoniazid
      in rats but not in man.
AB  - The hepatotoxicity of isoniazid in rats results from the metabolic activation of
      acetylhydrazine, a metabolite of isoniazid, by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase
      system. Inhibition of the drug-metabolizing enzyme system with a compound
      suitable for clinical use such as cimetidine might therefore prevent liver injury
      in experimental animals and in patients on isoniazid without interfering with the
      antituberculous activity of the drug. To test this hypothesis, we studied the
      effect of cimetidine on acetylhydrazine-induced hepatocellular necrosis in rats
      and the formation of 14CO2 from [14C]acetylisoniazid, which provides an indirect
      assessment of the fraction of a dose of isoniazid metabolized via the toxifying
      pathway. Pretreatment of rats with 150 mg per kg of cimetidine significantly
      decreased the extent of hepatocellular necrosis produced by 100 mg per kg of
      acetylhydrazine and the formation of 14CO2 from [14C]acetylisoniazid. In man,
      however, 300 mg of cimetidine administered every 6 hr did not decrease the
      formation of 14CO2 from [14C] acetylisoniazid administered concomitantly with 300
      mg of isoniazid; similarly, cimetidine did not affect the urinary excretion of
      isoniazid, acetylisoniazid, acetylhydrazine and diacetylhydrazine. These data
      demonstrate that the mechanistic information obtained in animal models cannot be
      applied readily in clinical practice and that measurable inhibition of
      acetylhydrazine metabolism to prevent isoniazid liver injury does not occur after
      administration of therapeutic doses of cimetidine to patients.

PMID- 4018732
TI  - Effects of anesthetic agents on bile pigment excretion in the rat.
AB  - Anesthesia-induced alterations in bilirubin conjugation were studied. Rats were
      fitted with bile duct and jugular vein catheters while anesthetized with diethyl
      ether, ketamine or pentobarbital. As anesthesia abated, bile was collected for
      the next 5 hr and analyzed for flow rate, total bilirubin excretion and bilirubin
      glucuronide composition. The high-performance liquid chromatography method used
      allowed direct analysis of bile without derivatization or extraction. Ether
      anesthesia was associated with a reversible suppression of diglucuronide
      formation and total bilirubin excretion, with reciprocal monoglucuronide changes.
      Bile flow and pigment excretion were variable with ketamine. Pentobarbital
      provided the most uniform excretion data, although the ratio of C-8:C-12
      monoglucuronide varied with all drugs. These data are consistent with recently
      reported drug-induced alterations in hepatic uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid
      concentration and support the hypothesis that alterations in this substrate
      concentration are capable of influencing rates of hepatic glucuronide formation.

PMID- 4018733
TI  - Maternal transmission of duck hepatitis B virus in pedigree Pekin ducks.
AB  - A 14-month old female Pekin duck experimentally infected as an embryo with duck
      hepatitis B virus via the amniotic route has been a chronic carrier of duck
      hepatitis B virus with very high (P/N) values of DNA polymerase activity since
      hatching. All the progeny were, on evaluation for congenital infection, found to
      be duck hepatitis B virus positive by endogenous DNA polymerase reaction and
      electron microscopy. These offspring remained persistently viremic throughout the
      study. Maternal transmission therefore bred true to a total of 49 offspring--24
      ducklings (less than 24 hr old) and 25 ducks--studied. Six of these 25 ducks
      matched for age and sex and bled weekly for 6 weeks exhibited fluctuating plasma
      levels of DNA polymerase activity. Higher DNA polymerase activity was detected in
      newly hatched ducklings than in older viremic ducks. This observation was
      corroborated with the results of electron microscopic examination of thin
      sections of liver. Duck hepatitis B virus particles, located within vesicles of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, were more abundant,
      and therefore more readily observed, in ducklings than in older ducks.

PMID- 4018734
TI  - Recovery of liver function in partially hepatectomized rats evaluated by
      aminopyrine demethylation capacity.
AB  - Aminopyrine demethylation was investigated in rats after a 70% hepatectomy to
      assess possible parallelism between the recovery of mass and function. Tests were
      performed by analyzing 14CO2 exhalation from 0.1 microCi per 100 gm of body
      weight of [dimethylamine-14C]aminopyrine given intraperitoneally with incremental
      doses of unlabeled drug. Early after 70% hepatectomy, Vmax was reduced by 52%.
      This discordance between mass and function was not due to extrahepatic
      aminopyrine demethylation, since liver exclusion reduced demethylation of
      aminopyrine to nearly nil. Whether it results from increased liver blood flow in
      the remnant liver is less clear: portacaval anastomosis provoked an identical
      fall in Vmax and liver blood flow, but aortal-portal fistula which increased
      liver blood flow by 70% did not modify Vmax. The early increase in Vmax could be
      related to a "hepatotrophic" factor of splanchnic origin which increased after
      partial hepatectomy and decreased after portacaval shunt. After the early period,
      Vmax, expressed per gram of actual liver weight, returned to control range.
      Throughout regeneration (4 to 144 hr), no modification was observed in Km nor in
      cytochrome P-450 concentration. Enzymatic induction with phenobarbital increased
      the demethylation capacity more than liver weight in intact and regenerating
      liver. Except for the first hours after partial hepatectomy or after enzymatic
      induction, the aminopyrine demethylation capacity directly correlated with liver
      mass and may be useful in evaluating liver regeneration in vivo.

PMID- 4018735
TI  - Opsonic activity of human ascitic fluid: a potentially important protective
      mechanism against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
AB  - The opsonic activity of 60 ascitic fluids from 47 patients was measured using a
      standard opsonophagocytic assay. Curve analysis of the opsonic activity compared
      to the ascitic fluid concentration of total protein, total hemolytic complement,
      C3 and C4 yielded correlation coefficients of 0.84 (p less than 0.001), 0.84 (p
      less than 0.001), 0.94 (p less than 0.001) and 0.92 (p less than 0.001),
      respectively. There appeared to be a threshold of concentration for each protein
      below which there was no killing of bacteria. Cirrhotic ascites had significantly
      (all p less than 0.001) lower concentrations of total protein and complement and
      less opsonic activity than noncirrhotic ascites (including malignant, cardiac and
      miscellaneous types). Perhaps it is the dilution of crucial antimicrobial
      proteins below a threshold which predisposes to spontaneous bacterial
      peritonitis.

PMID- 4018736
TI  - Increased serum levels of hyaluronate in liver disease.
AB  - Recent animal studies show that endothelial cells in liver sinusoids are the main
      site for removal of sodium hyaluronate from the circulation. Few data with
      respect to hyaluronate metabolism are available in man. Serum hyaluronate levels
      were measured in 119 patients with liver disease by a sensitive assay. The
      hyaluronate level was significantly increased in liver cirrhosis, in comparison
      with healthy controls and with patients with noncirrhotic liver disease. The
      results suggest a role for the human liver in elimination of hyaluronate from
      circulation. Quantification of serum hyaluronate may be a useful test of liver
      endothelial cell function.

PMID- 4018737
TI  - Localization of increased hepatic vascular resistance in liver cirrhosis.
AB  - To determine the localization of increased vascular resistance in cirrhotic
      liver, blood pressures were measured by a direct cannulation method at several
      key points in the hepatic vascular pathway in normal and cirrhotic rats.
      Cirrhosis was produced by feeding a choline-deficient diet. Blood pressures in
      normal rats were 110 mm H2O in the portal vein, 68 mm H2O in the terminal portal
      venule, 28 mm H2O in the terminal hepatic venule and 20 mm H2O in the inferior
      vena cava. In cirrhotic rats, blood pressures in the portal vein and the terminal
      portal venule were 173 and 100 mm H2O, respectively, while those in the terminal
      hepatic venule and the inferior vena cava were elevated only slightly above
      normal. These hemodynamic data suggest that an increase in vascular resistance in
      cirrhotic liver is present in the intrahepatic portal vein and sinusoids, but not
      in intrahepatic hepatic vein. In cirrhotic liver, stenosis and distortion were
      found in peripheral branches of the portal vein, and sinusoidal stenoses and a
      decrease in sinusoidal space were recognized. Accordingly, it is suggested that
      the increase in vascular resistance in the intrahepatic portal vein and sinusoids
      correlate with these structural changes. Although severe stenoses and distortion
      were found in hepatic vein branches, it was thought that they do not contribute
      to portal hypertension because of lack of increase in vascular resistance in the
      intrahepatic hepatic vein.

PMID- 4018738
TI  - Portal venous bile acids in cholesterol gallstone disease: effect of treatment
      with chenodeoxycholic and cholic acids.
AB  - We determined the serum concentrations of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and
      deoxycholic acids in portal and peripheral venous blood in 9 gallstone-free
      patients and 39 patients with cholesterol gallstones during standardized
      cholecystectomy. An accurate and specific gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric
      technique was used. The portal venous concentration of total bile acids was
      similar in gallstone-free and untreated gallstone patients (n = 20); there was no
      evidence of a reduced hepatic uptake of bile acids in the latter. Treatment with
      cholic acid (n = 10) was associated with a 70% increase in cholic acid and normal
      concentration of total bile acids. In chenodeoxycholic acid-treated patients (n =
      9), the portal venous concentration of this bile acid was increased 3-fold; total
      bile acids were increased about 60%. The estimated hepatic uptake of cholic acid
      was slightly decreased during chenodeoxycholic acid treatment. The results
      indicate that neither bile acid inflow to the liver nor hepatic bile acid uptake
      is reduced in fasting patients with cholesterol gallstones, and treatment with
      chenodeoxycholic acid increases fasting inflow of bile acids to the liver. The
      latter may contribute to unsaturation of fasting hepatic bile during treatment
      with chenodeoxycholic acid.

PMID- 4018739
TI  - The intrahepatic biliary epithelium in the guinea pig: is hepatic artery blood
      flow essential in maintaining its function and structure?
AB  - To determine whether hepatic artery blood flow is essential in maintaining the
      function and structure of bile ductules/ducts, the acute effects of hepatic
      artery ligation on bile secretion and hepatic ultrastructure were examined in
      anesthetized, bile duct-cannulated guinea pigs. Sixty minutes after hepatic
      artery ligation, spontaneous bile flow (5.08 +/- 0.4 microliter per min per gm
      liver) was virtually the same as that before hepatic artery ligation (5.31 +/-
      0.3 microliter per min per gm), as were the choleretic effects of 10 CU per kg
      per 30 min secretin (7.14 +/- 0.9 vs. 7.21 +/- 0.9 microliter per min per gm),
      300 micrograms per kg per 30 min glucagon (6.72 +/- 0.9 vs. 6.59 +/- 0.8
      microliter per min per gm) and 60 mumoles per kg per 30 min
      glycochenodeoxycholate (6.43 +/- 0.6 vs. 6.45 +/- 0.6 microliter per min per gm).
      The failure of hepatic artery ligation to affect bile secretory function could
      not be attributed to the existence of collateral arterial blood flow to the
      liver. First of all, hepatic artery ligation resulted in diminishing
      significantly hepatic venous, but not portal, oxygen content. More importantly,
      in isolated guinea pig livers, perfused through the portal vein alone, secretin,
      glucagon and glycochenodeoxycholate produced changes in bile flow and composition
      similar to those seen in vivo. Electron microscopy showed no major
      ultrastructural changes of hepatic parenchyma and biliary epithelium 2 hr after
      hepatic artery ligation, or 2 hr after perfusing the liver through the portal
      vein alone save for some portal edema in the latter instance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4018740
TI  - Acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure in dogs.
AB  - Results concerning morphological and biochemical changes following intravenous
      administration of different doses of acetaminophen in dogs are reported.
      Acetaminophen infusion, as a parenteral solution (500 mg per kg per 90 min),
      produced fulminant hepatitis characterized by a good correlation between
      Portmann's grade of lesion and percentage of necrosis. All animals died within 76
      hr after intoxication. Analysis of biochemical parameters revealed positive
      correlation between serum bilirubin levels and severity of the hepatic lesion.
      The experimental model of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity is proposed as a
      model for evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of new medical and surgical
      procedures.

PMID- 4018741
TI  - The effect of ethanol on membranes.

PMID- 4018742
TI  - Relationships between liver histologic lesions and portal hypertension in
      patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.

PMID- 4018743
TI  - Phenotypic analysis of an established cell line derived from a patient with
      Hodgkin's disease (HD).
AB  - This report describes the phenotypic analysis of a cell line obtained from a
      female patient with the nodular sclerosing subtype of Hodgkin's disease (HD). The
      cell line has a neoplastic karyotype and is stable in culture in the absence of
      feeder layers or growth factors. Phenotypic analysis of this cell line shows that
      it cannot easily be characterized as either a lymphocyte, macrophage or
      granulocyte but resembles in its characteristics certain HD lines already
      described in the literature. The cell line carries the antigen defined by the Ki
      1 monoclonal antibody, shows myeloid markers on a proportion of cells and has
      cytoplasmic UCH-T1.

PMID- 4018744
TI  - England's new commitment law.

PMID- 4018745
TI  - Separating psychological factors from brain trauma in treating a hyperactive
      child.

PMID- 4018746
TI  - Employee assistance programs: an overview and suggested roles for psychiatrists.
AB  - Although employee assistance programs are rapidly becoming the predominant
      vehicle for the delivery of mental health services in occupational settings, few
      programs employ a psychiatrist on either a part-time or a full-time basis. After
      providing an overview of the need for, cost-effectiveness of, and current status
      of employee assistance programs, the authors draw on their own experiences with
      employee assistance programs to present four broad categories of roles the
      psychiatrist can assume in such programs: clinician, supervisor and educator,
      administrator, and organizational consultant. Problems encountered in these roles
      are also discussed.

PMID- 4018747
TI  - Documenting the relationship between homelessness and psychiatric
      hospitalization.
AB  - Homelessness among mental patients is frequently associated with
      deinstitutionalization. In a study to clarify the relationship between
      homelessness and psychiatric hospitalization, data from Illinois statistical
      reports and from admission reports of a state hospital that serves about 75
      percent of the undomiciled mentally ill population in Chicago were analyzed. The
      rate of homelessness had increased substantially among psychiatric admissions
      over the last decade and was even higher among applicants for hospitalization.
      The homeless had lower admission rates than the domiciled, largely because of
      differing paths of referral. Nearly 20 percent of the homeless left the hospital
      against advice, and relatively few were referred to licensed long-term-care
      facilities. Until various systems develop adequate responses to the problem, both
      the numbers and the visibility of the homeless mentally ill are likely to
      increase.

PMID- 4018748
TI  - Build a better state hospital: deinstitutionalization has failed.
AB  - The author cites increasing numbers of chronic, homeless, and neglected mentally
      ill people as evidence of the failure of deinstitutionalization and community
      care to live up to their promise to reduce chronicity, the need for long-term
      hospitalization, and even mental illness itself. He believes the state hospital
      system, despite having been maligned and nearly destroyed, has great therapeutic
      potential. It could provide extended care to acutely ill patients before they
      become chronically ill; restore the ability to pinpoint responsibility for
      patient care, which has been lost under community care; and provide a stimulating
      academic environment conducive to research into treatment of the mentally ill.

PMID- 4018749
TI  - Expand the community care system: deinstitutionalization can work.
AB  - The author argues that most of the mentally ill should be treated in the
      community, where they can develop the skills necessary to function in society.
      The state hospitals should be used only to treat the most unmanageable patients.
      The author blames the presently inadequate community care system on insufficient
      funding and on the tendency of states to divide newly available funds between
      community services and state hospitals so that neither system is adequate. But
      whereas community care's problems can be resolved through greater commitment of
      funds and other measures, the author contends, the shortcomings of the state
      system are built-in and intractable. He examines and refutes the arguments
      supporting a return to the state hospital system.

PMID- 4018750
TI  - Community coping skills enhanced by an adventure camp for adult chronic
      psychiatric patients.
AB  - The effect of a two-week wilderness camp on ten skill areas related to community
      survival of the chronic mentally ill was assessed both by participants, who were
      adult chronic psychiatric patients from two Oregon state mental hospitals, and by
      camp and hospital staff. Compared with 30 controls, the 48 participants improved
      on seven of the ten areas by the end of camp and maintained their improvements in
      four of the seven areas for several weeks following their return to the hospital.
      Although discharge and recidivism rates for participants and controls did not
      differ at six-month follow-up, participants spent a greater proportion of time in
      the community than did controls. The authors discuss the specific skills improved
      by the program and those that contributed to duration of community survival, as
      well as the program's cost-effectiveness.

PMID- 4018751
TI  - Aggravating stress and functional level as predictors of length of psychiatric
      hospitalization.

PMID- 4018752
TI  - Strategies in working with chronically unemployed mental patients.

PMID- 4018753
TI  - Communication with geriatric patients.

PMID- 4018754
TI  - Rise in LOS may signal case-mix changes.
AB  - Community hospital trends during the first quarter of 1985 showed little change
      from the patterns seen in 1984. As admissions continued to fall, hospitals
      continued to reduce personnel and beds, and expense growth remained moderate. One
      notable exception was the increase in lengths of stay as hospitals may be finding
      that increased case-mix intensity resulting from continued admissions reductions
      has limited further reductions in lengths of stay.

PMID- 4018756
TI  - Hospitals' employee benefits plans merit scrutiny for savings potential.

PMID- 4018755
TI  - Generic publications get marketing nod from hospitals.

PMID- 4018757
TI  - Quinlan case set pace for bioethics debate.

PMID- 4018758
TI  - Indigent care provider fights for fiscal health.

PMID- 4018759
TI  - What's the market for outpatient surgery?

PMID- 4018760
TI  - State regulation of MRIs appears to shift direction.

PMID- 4018761
TI  - Pittsburgh area is home of largest MRI joint venture.

PMID- 4018762
TI  - Survey predicts nursing budget cutbacks.

PMID- 4018763
TI  - Hospitals' 'hidden' education costs exceed budgeted expenses: study.

PMID- 4018764
TI  - Cost strategies of CEOs and materials managers diverge.

PMID- 4018765
TI  - Rehab program brings patients to life on 'Easy Street'.

PMID- 4018766
TI  - The next generation of health care services. Interview by Emily Friedman.

PMID- 4018767
TI  - Health promotion programs flourishing: survey.

PMID- 4018768
TI  - The CIO: an emerging hospital executive.

PMID- 4018769
TI  - Bank offers onsite preadmission testing.

PMID- 4018770
TI  - Managed care pricing strategies shifting.

PMID- 4018771
TI  - Insurance risk-sharing saves benefits dollars: expert.

PMID- 4018772
TI  - Fitness program can raise name recognition among senior citizens.

PMID- 4018774
TI  - The pathologist in the courtroom: peer review is needed.

PMID- 4018773
TI  - Case reports--desideratum or rubbish?

PMID- 4018775
TI  - Pathologic study of parathyroid glands in tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is defined as persistent parathyroid hyperfunction
      developing from the secondary hyperplasia that occurs after restoration of renal
      function by dialysis or kidney transplantation. Controversy continues as to
      whether parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia accounts for the autonomous
      hyperfunction. A review of 128 parathyroids from 41 patients with tertiary
      hyperparathyroidism revealed marked hyperplasia in 39 patients (95 per cent),
      with a predominance of chief cells, an abundance of oxyphil cells, and 10- to 40
      fold increases in parathyroid mass. This hyperplasia was considered to be the
      predominant morphologic feature of tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Adenomas, found
      only in two patients (5 per cent), seem to be rare. Diffuse, moderately enlarged
      hyperplastic glands were found predominantly in patients with transplants,
      whereas nodular, markedly enlarged hyperplastic parathyroids were observed more
      frequently in patients treated by dialysis. In spite of the different patterns of
      hyperplasia and the different gland sizes in these two groups of patients, the
      grades of hypercalcemia were similar. The results of ultrastructural studies
      indicate that the majority of parenchymal cells in diffuse, and some cellular
      areas in nodular, hyperplasia may consist of cells with high secretory activity
      that do not respond normally to hypercalcemia. It is concluded that both
      increased parenchymal mass and cellular differentiation, leading to
      hyperactivity, account for tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 4018776
TI  - Nonimmune hydrops fetalis: a challenge in perinatal pathology.
AB  - Autopsies were performed in 40 cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis during the
      period from 1975 to 1983. In 25 cases specific anatomic diagnoses, including
      hematologic disorders, infections, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital
      anomalies, and tumors, were made. In the majority the diagnosis of hydrops
      fetalis was made prenatally by ultrasonography. The mean gestational age at
      delivery was 30 weeks; 23 infants were stillborn, and 17 died during the neonatal
      period. Body weights were consistently increased; peripheral edema and ascites
      were present in all cases and pleural effusions in all but two cases.
      Hepatosplenomegaly, cardiomegaly, and pulmonary hypoplasia were frequent
      findings. The most consistent microscopic changes involved endocrine organs.
      Islet cell hyperplasia and Leydig cell hyperplasia were common, and thyroid
      hyperplasia was found occasionally. The fetal zone of the adrenal cortex was
      often thick and composed of swollen, vacuolated cells. Enhanced extramedullary
      erythropoiesis was observed in all cases. Thirty-nine placentas were examined; 34
      were edematous (mean weight, 547 g), with villous edema, excess erythroblastemia
      and normoblastemia, and occasional intravillous hematopoiesis. Nonimmune hydrops
      fetalis has a range of known causes. Thorough autopsy, including placental
      examination, is the most useful approach for determining the etiology. In 23
      cases the probable or possible cause was established in this manner. Antibody
      studies should also be performed in all cases to exclude an immunologic etiology.
      Synthesis of clinical, serologic, and pathologic data offers prospects for
      rational management and prediction of recurrence.

PMID- 4018777
TI  - Pathologic features of Behcet's syndrome: a review of Japanese autopsy registry
      data.
AB  - The data recorded from 170 autopsies of patients with Behcet's syndrome in Japan
      during the period from 1961 to 1976 were analyzed. The patients had been in the
      second to the eighth decade of life, and the ratio of males to females was 5 to
      2. A wide spectrum of pathologic findings was observed, with involvement of
      neurologic, ophthalmic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, visceral,
      genitourinary, and mucocutaneous systems. Some of the common acknowledged
      clinical features of the syndrome, such as oral ulcers, synovitis, retinal and
      cutaneous vasculitis, and venous occlusions, were underreported. This apparent
      discrepancy in an autopsy series may be due to the effects of treatment or the
      healing process, as well as to the possible incompleteness of the postmortem
      examination. The accessibility of recorded data in a national autopsy registry
      offers a unique opportunity for review of the pathologic features of Behcet's
      syndrome.

PMID- 4018778
TI  - Systemic Malassezia furfur infections in patients receiving intralipid therapy.
AB  - Systemic infection with Malassezia furfur was first reported in 1981 as a
      specific complication of Intralipid therapy in a neonate. Six additional
      patients, including three older than 16 years of age, were identified
      subsequently. All had received prolonged Intralipid infusion through central
      venous catheters. Pulmonary infection was documented in tissue in three cases,
      the clinical presentation was characterized by pulmonary infiltrates, fever, and,
      in the infants, thrombocytopenia. Two subgroups of patients appear to be at the
      greatest risk for Malassezia infection: neonates with cardiopulmonary disease and
      adults with severe gastrointestinal disease and immunosuppression. The
      documentation of pulmonary arterial lipid deposits in vessels that had been
      infiltrated by Malassezia organisms and the observation of organisms in small
      pulmonary thromboemboli suggest that these lipophilic and lipid-dependent
      organisms are introduced into the bloodstream from venous catheters and require
      high lipid concentrations to proliferate in tissue.

PMID- 4018779
TI  - Maternal floor infarction.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the frequency, course, and outcome of maternal floor
      infarcts, 39,215 placentas and pregnancies were reviewed. The disorder is
      somewhat misnamed, because it is characterized by heavy deposition of fibrin in
      the decidua beneath the placenta rather than by arterial occlusion and ischemic
      necrosis of villi. The fibrin in floor infarcts often extends into the
      intervillous space, where it envelops villi, causing them to become atrophic. The
      disorder was relatively frequent in the present study, being present in nearly
      one of every 200 placentas. Mortality was high, with 17 per cent of the fetuses
      being stillborn. It may be a recurrent disorder, because 50 per cent of the
      gravidas with floor infarcts, compared with 27 per cent of control subjects (P
      less than 0.001), had had prior abortions and stillbirths. Damage to the decidua
      basalis by ischemia or infection may initiate many floor infarcts. Atheroma in
      the decidual arteries, foci of decidual necrosis, and histologic evidence of low
      uteroplacental blood flow were more frequent in patients with floor infarcts. Low
      maternal blood volume may contribute to the low blood flow because maternal
      hemoglobin values were often abnormally high in gravidas in whom floor infarcts
      developed. Acute chorioamnionitis, which can damage the decidua, had twice the
      expected frequency in gravidas with floor infarcts.

PMID- 4018780
TI  - Mesenchymal and muscle-specific intermediate filaments (vimentin and desmin) in
      relation to differentiation in childhood rhabdomyosarcomas.
AB  - Twenty-one childhood rhabdomyosarcomas were divided into three groups on the
      basis of cytologic composition. The tumors in group P consisted entirely of
      primitive mesenchymal cells, whereas those in groups M and W were characterized
      by the additional presence of numerous round rhabdomyoblasts and strap cells,
      respectively. The tumors were studied for the universal mesenchymal intermediate
      filament vimentin, and for the muscle-specific intermediate filament desmin.
      Vimentin positivity, which tended to be more prominent in primitive tumor cells,
      was found in all tumors, whereas desmin was found especially in round
      rhabdomyoblasts and strap cells. Desmin-positive primitive cells were found only
      in groups M and W, not in group P. It was concluded that the differentiation from
      primitive mesenchymal cells to morphologically recognizable myogenic tumor cells
      is accompanied by an increase in desmin positivity and, presumably, a decrease in
      vimentin positivity. Moreover, the observations suggest the existence of a group
      of "committed" cells that are morphologically primitive, but desmin-positive.
      These cells might play an important role in the observed further differentiation
      of rhabdomyosarcomas under chemotherapy.

PMID- 4018781
TI  - Clear cell variant of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
AB  - A previously unreported clear cell variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma is
      described. This histologic appearance was observed in sections from both the
      primary thyroid tumor and a vertebral metastasis. This variant merits recognition
      because it may be confused with a variety of other tumors occurring in the
      thyroid that contain cells with optically clear cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical
      and ultrastructural studies can be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of these
      tumors.

PMID- 4018782
TI  - Plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid.
AB  - Plasma cell infiltrates in the thyroid are rare. They may represent several
      processes, such as localized plasmacytoma, multiple myeloma, or plasma cell
      granuloma (PCG). It may be difficult to distinguish these disorders on the basis
      of morphologic features in sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. All may be
      composed of mature plasma cells, without admixed macrophages or lymphocytes, that
      infiltrate the thyroid and adjacent connective tissue. The identification of the
      uncommon, but benign, PCG is facilitated by immunohistochemical staining to
      demonstrate an admixture of plasma cells with cytoplasmic kappa and lambda light
      chains. The polyclonal nature of the plasma cell infiltrate distinguishes PCG
      from neoplastic plasma cell proliferation.

PMID- 4018783
TI  - Sarcoidosis presenting initially as breast mass: report of two cases.
AB  - The cases of two patients who presented with breast masses suggesting carcinoma
      and no other clinical features of sarcoidosis are reported. Biopsies in both
      patients revealed noncaseating, epithelioid granulomas. Mycobacteria, fungi, and
      foreign material were not identified. In one of the patients, other sites of
      involvement were discovered five years later. These cases illustrate that
      sarcoidosis should be considered in patients with granulomatous breast disease,
      even without evidence of disease elsewhere.

PMID- 4018784
TI  - Gastrointestinal Richter's syndrome.
AB  - The development of a diffuse large cell lymphoma of the stomach in a patient who
      had chronic lymphocytic leukemia is reported. Richter's syndrome localized to the
      gut has not been described previously. Morphologic and immunologic studies
      suggest that the diffuse large cell lymphoma arose from the same clonal
      proliferation, IgG lambda, as the initially detected serum monoclonal protein
      associated with the chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 4018786
TI  - Microcalcifications in breast lesions.

PMID- 4018785
TI  - Trichosporon beigelii endocarditis as a complication of peritoneovenous shunt.
AB  - Trichosporon is a common cause of superficial mycotic infection but has rarely
      been associated with endocarditis. The case of a patient who had a
      peritoneovenous shunt for chronic intractable ascites due to Laennec liver
      cirrhosis is described. The shunt was revised on several occasions, and the last
      procedure was complicated by a draining skin sinus wound. To the authors'
      knowledge, this is the first reported case of Trichosporon endocarditis
      complicating a peritoneovenous shunt.

PMID- 4018787
TI  - Apocalypse movement.

PMID- 4018788
TI  - Autopsy reform.

PMID- 4018789
TI  - Two-dimensional gel studies of genetic variation in the plasma proteins of
      Amerindians and Japanese.
AB  - Genetic variation has been studied in plasma samples from 107 Amerindian children
      and their parents, and 110 Japanese children and their parents by means of two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-three polypeptides were
      scored; the identity of nine of these is at present still unknown. Genetic
      variation was encountered in 11 of these polypeptides. We have previously
      reported that the index of heterozygosity was 6.2 +/- 0.7% for 20 "randomly
      selected", silver stained polypeptides scored for genetic variation in Caucasoids
      (Rosenblum et al. 1983b). For technical reasons only 11 of these 20 polypeptides
      could be routinely scored in preparations from the Amerindian samples. For these
      11 polypeptides, the indices of heterozygosity in the three populations were:
      Amerindians, 4.5 +/- 0.6%; Japanese, 5.7 +/- 0.7%; Caucasoids, 8.0 +/- 1.1%. Even
      with these relatively small numbers some striking ethnic differences as regards
      individual polypeptides are apparent.

PMID- 4018790
TI  - DNA semi-conservative synthesis in normal and Fanconi anemia fibroblasts
      following treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and near ultraviolet light or with X
      rays.
AB  - The effect of treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus near-UV radiation
      (UVA) or with X-rays on the rate of DNA semi-conservative synthesis of
      fibroblasts from 10 Fanconi anemia (FA), two heterozygous, and three normal cell
      lines was studied. Following treatments with either X-rays or low doses of 8-MOP
      plus UVA leading to a majority of monoadducts over cross-links per genome, the FA
      and heterozygous cell lines were indistinguishable from normals: the transient
      inhibition of semi-conservative DNA synthesis was followed by the recovery of a
      normal rate of synthesis. In contrast treatment with higher (but not saturating)
      doses of 8-MOP plus UVA allowed us to distinguish two classes among the FA cell
      lines. One class demonstrated a pattern of recovery similar to that of
      heterozygous and normal cell lines. This indicates that in such cell lines, the
      predominant lesion in this condition, the cross-links, do not arrest DNA
      synthesis and are likely to be normally repaired. Another class of FA cell lines
      did not show a recovery of a normal rate of DNA synthesis even after prolonged
      post-treatment incubation and although the proportion of cells in S phase was
      similar to that of the strains of the first category. This indicates that in such
      cell lines the repair of cross-links is inhibited at some step which is not
      necessarily the incision one.

PMID- 4018791
TI  - Spontaneous 6-thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes in Fanconi anemia patients and
      their heterozygous parents.
AB  - The incidence of spontaneous 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) lymphocytes was
      studied in the peripheral blood collected from seven Fanconi anemia (FA) patients
      and five of their heterozygous parents using an autoradiographic or a lymphocyte
      cloning method. Five of the seven patients showed a significantly elevated
      incidence of TGr lymphocytes as compared to age- and sex-matched healthy
      controls. There was, however, no difference between FA heterozygotes and
      controls. These results suggest some variability among the patients similar to
      those reported in clinical and cytogenetic investigations. The basis for the
      increase in TGr cells in the patients is not known, but the inherent genomic
      instability reflected as increased frequencies of chromosomal aberrations is one
      possible explanation.

PMID- 4018792
TI  - A familial X-autosome translocation with the breakpoint in the "critical region".
AB  - We report a case of an X-autosome translocation t(X;4)(q13;p16) found in both
      sexes in three generations. The anomaly was diagnosed in a couple referred for
      cytogenetic investigation as a result of three spontaneous abortions. With the
      exception of the miscarriages there are no particularities in the gynecologic
      data of the woman or in the pedigree. In all 50 lymphocytes and in 66 of 68
      fibroblasts investigated the normal X chromosome was the late replicating one.

PMID- 4018793
TI  - 9p Trisomy/18p distal monosomy and multiple cutaneous leiomyomata. Another
      specific chromosomal site (18pter) in dominantly inherited multiple tumors?
AB  - In this report a severely mentally retarded adult female with 9p trisomy/18pter
      monosomy is described. In addition to a 9p trisomy phenotype this patient
      presented with multiple cutaneous leiomyomata. The question is raised whether the
      concurrence of the chromosomal anomaly and the multiple skin tumors in this
      patient indicates another example of a specific chromosomal deletion (18pter) in
      a dominantly inherited multiple human tumor.

PMID- 4018794
TI  - Complex translocation in habitual abortion.

PMID- 4018795
TI  - Congenital aplasia of the vasa deferentia of autosomal recessive inheritance in
      two unrelated sib-pairs.

PMID- 4018796
TI  - A detailed analysis of chromosomal changes in heritable and non-heritable
      retinoblastoma.
AB  - Full cytogenetic analysis of 27 different retinoblastoma tumors is presented.
      Gross aneuploidy of chromosome arms 6p and 1q were very common, being observed in
      15/27 and 21/27 tumors, respectively. However, we found that chromosome 13 was
      rarely missing: only 3/27 had a detectable monosomy affecting 13q14. Monosomy of
      chromosome 13 by small deletion or rearrangement was also not observed in any of
      12 retinoblastoma tumor lines analyzed detail at the 300-400 chromosome band
      level. A novel observation in retinoblastoma was the discovery of non-random
      translocations at three specific breakpoints, 14q32 (4/12), 17p12 (5/12), and
      10q25 (3/12). Genomic rearrangements similar to those described involving C-myc
      in Burkitt lymphoma 14q+ cells could not be demonstrated in the four 14q+
      retinoblastoma lines using molecular techniques, and a probe mapping to the site
      implicated to have an activating role in lymphoma. These data suggest that there
      is a target for rearrangement at 14q32 but it is not the same sequence used in
      some Burkitt lymphomas. Two other breakpoints (2p24 and 8q24) coincided with the
      mapped position of cellular oncogenes, but also failed to show a molecular
      rearrangement with the oncogene probes. The breakpoints, 10q25 and 17p12, are
      constitutional fragile sites which may predispose these regions to act as
      acceptors of translocations in malignant cells. One line had double minute
      chromosomes, and was the only one of 16 (6%) tested with the N-myc probe which
      had an amplification. Different tumors from single patients with multifocal
      heritable retinoblastoma showed independent karyotype evolution. Unilateral non
      heritable tumors exhibited a high level of karyotype stability throughout both in
      vivo and in vitro growth. The various common patterns of aneuploidy and
      translocations probably confer an early selective advantage to malignant cells,
      rather than induce malignant transformation.

PMID- 4018798
TI  - alpha alpha alpha anti-4.2 Haplotype and heterozygous beta null thalassemia in a
      Sicilian family.
AB  - The presence of the alpha alpha alpha anti-4.2 haplotype and heterozygous beta
      null thalassemia in a Sicilian family is described. These findings confirm the
      presence in Italy of a leftward deletion (-alpha 4.2) and indicate that this may
      not be rare. Furthermore, although the beta thalassemia determinant in this
      family has a severe expression, the interaction with the triplicated alpha gene
      does not necessarily express itself as thalassemia intermedia.

PMID- 4018797
TI  - The organization of two related subfamilies of a human tandemly repeated DNA is
      chromosome specific.
AB  - Several clones containing clusters of repetitive elements were isolated from a
      human chromosome 22 specific library. An EcoRI-XhoI fragment of 860bp was
      subcloned and was shown to belong to a family of tandemly repeated DNA linked to
      the Y-specific 3.4 kb HaeIII band. This probe hybridizes to several sets of
      sequences or subfamilies. The most abundant subfamily is a 1.8kb long sequence
      containing one EcoRV site, and in most repeats, one AvaII and one KpnI site.
      Using human-rodent somatic cell hybrid DNA, we have shown that this cluster is
      present on human chromosome 9 although presence on chromosome 15 is not excluded.
      Another subfamily, 6.1kb long, appears to be exclusive of chromosome 16. By in
      situ hybridization with metaphasic chromosomes, these sets of repeats were mapped
      to the constitutive heterochromatin of a few chromosomes. Coexistence in one
      genome of long tandem repeats of distinct organization but similar length may
      represent the outcome of a continuous process of fixation of variant sequences.
      Homologous repeats are also abundant in four higher primate genomes (Orangutan,
      gorilla, chimpanzee, and man) but absent in other primates (African green monkey,
      rhesus monkey, baboon, and mouse lemur).

PMID- 4018799
TI  - Cytogenetic studies using various clastogens in two patients with Werner syndrome
      and control individuals.
AB  - Chromosome studies were performed on peripheral lymphocytes from two patients
      with Werner syndrome and two healthy control individuals to detect spontaneous
      and/or mutagen-induced chromosomal instability of this disease. Diepoxybutane,
      isonicotinic acid hydrazide, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, and bleomycin were used as
      standard clastogens. While the spontaneous frequency of chromosomal breakage was
      much higher in lymphocytes from both patients than in the control cells, the
      basic rate of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was found to be in the control
      range. The sensitivity to clastogens of the patients' cells, however, was not
      substantially increased as compared with the controls if the degree of
      multiplication of the spontaneous breakage rate or SCE frequency was taken as the
      basis for comparison. No indication of a greater inhibition of proliferation by
      the clastogens in the patients' cells than in normal cells was observed using
      BrdU-labelled lymphocytes. Thus, the lymphocytes from both patients of the
      present study lacked essential features of the classical chromosome instability
      syndromes.

PMID- 4018800
TI  - Genetic analysis of human lymphocyte proteins by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. VII. Genetic polymorphism of cytosol polypeptide with molecular
      weight of 38,000.
AB  - We describe a genetic polymorphism of cytosol polypeptide with mol. wt. of 38,000
      detected in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes by
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Three different electrophoretic phenotypes
      (type 1-1, 2-1, 2-2) of the polypeptide have been identified in a Japanese
      population. Family and population studies indicate that three phenotypes are
      determined by two common alleles at a single autosomal locus. Since the
      polypeptide is mainly present in cytosol of cells, we propose that the
      polypeptide be temporarily designated as cytosol polypeptide with mol.wt. of
      38,000 (CP38) and that the gene for CP38 be designated as CP38. The gene
      frequencies of two common alleles (CP38(1) and CP38(2)) are 0.899 and 0.101,
      respectively, in a Japanese population. The data on gel filtration of cytosol
      proteins on a Sephadex G-100 column suggest that CP38 exists as a dimer in the
      cytosol. CP38 was observed in the wide range of different cells, including B
      lymphoblastoid cells, adult skin fibroblasts, HeLa cells, and erythrocytes. In 11
      out of 72 individuals, the phenotypes of CP38 were different from those of
      adenosine deaminase which is similar to CP38 in subunit size, cell distribution,
      and allele frequencies. These data indicate that CP38 is a new polymorphic
      polypeptide encoded by an autosomal locus.

PMID- 4018801
TI  - Chromosome study of five cancers of the prostate.
AB  - Nonrandom chromosome changes were sought in direct preparations of tumour
      material from the primary site of four carcinomas and one leiomyosarcoma of the
      prostate. Two of the carcinomas had previously received oestrogen therapy. A
      deleted chromosome 10, del(10)(q24), was found in all four carcinomas and may
      represent a specific marker in prostatic carcinoma. Three of the carcinomas also
      had a deleted chromosome 7, del(7)(q22), while the fourth had a 7p+. Deleted
      chromosomes 7 and 10 were not identified among the markers present in the
      leiomyosarcoma. All five tumours contained one or more abnormal chromosomes
      derived from chromosome 1. A Y chromosome was present in the leiomyosarcoma but
      in none of the carcinomas.

PMID- 4018802
TI  - A new syndrome in the group of euhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Pilodental
      dysplasia with refractive errors.
AB  - A new form of ectodermal dysplasia was observed in two siblings, offspring of
      healthy non-consanguineous parents. The main findings in both children are:
      hypodontia, abnormally shaped teeth, scalp hypotrichosis, pili annulati,
      follicular hyperkeratosis on the trunk and limbs, intensified delineation and
      reticular hyperpigmentation of the nape, and hyperopia; one of the siblings also
      has astigmatism. As both patients have normal nails and are euhidrotic, this is
      an ectodermal dysplasia of the pilodental subgroup. The cause is probably genetic
      and autosomal-recessive inheritance is most likely.

PMID- 4018803
TI  - Reciprocal balanced translocation of the long arm of chromosome 8 to the short
      arm of chromosome 7 in a woman with two spontaneous abortions.

PMID- 4018804
TI  - Susceptibility of different serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis to inactivation by
      normal human serum.
AB  - The ability of a panel of normal human serum samples to inactivate 12 strains of
      Chlamydia trachomatis, each of a different serovar, was investigated. A wide
      range of antichlamydial activity was observed, with survival rates of C
      trachomatis varying from less than 1% in some experiments to 100% in others. The
      strain specificity of the anti-chlamydial activity exhibited by individual serum
      samples was not, however, related to the antigenic cross reactivity between
      serovars demonstrable by microimmunofluorescence testing, which suggested that
      type specific antigens were not predominantly involved in the inactivation
      process.

PMID- 4018805
TI  - Pelvic inflammatory disease in patients infected with Chlamydia trachomatis: in
      vitro cell mediated immune response to chlamydial antigens.
AB  - Blood samples were obtained from 11 women with laparoscopically confirmed acute
      salpingitis who yielded positive cultures of Chlamydia trachomatis from the
      cervix. Four patients also had perihepatitis. Lymphocyte transformation assays,
      using C trachomatis serovars I and L2 as antigens, showed that the patients'
      lymphocytes responded to antigenic stimulation more strongly than the lymphocytes
      of age matched controls. Responses to the I and L2 antigens correlated strongly,
      but greater responses were obtained to the L2 antigen. No correlation was found
      between the response in the lymphocyte transformation assay and the degree of the
      inflammatory changes of the fallopian tubes, the presence of perihepatitis, or
      the titres of humoral antibodies to C trachomatis as measured by
      microimmunofluorescence. Sequential transformation assays, however, showed that
      patients with perihepatitis tended to have a more sustained response.

PMID- 4018806
TI  - Seroepidemiological survey of chlamydial genital infections in Khartoum, Sudan.
AB  - A total of 494 patients (90 men and 404 women) attending a sexually transmitted
      diseases (STDs) clinic in Khartoum, Sudan, were studied to assess the prevalence
      of chlamydial genital infections. Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D
      to K were found in four (4.4%) men and 42 (10.4%) women, and 10 (2.5%) women had
      antibodies to serotypes A to C.

PMID- 4018807
TI  - Pivampicillin in treating genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - Pivampicillin was used to treat urogenital colonisation with Chlamydia
      trachomatis in 41 women and 24 men who yielded chlamydiae but not gonococci. They
      were treated for 10 days. All but one patient gave negative chlamydia cultures 10
      days after the start of treatment, and all 65 patients gave negative results at
      the second examination seven days later. Ten days of treatment with pivampicillin
      seems to be the optimum to eradicate C trachomatis from the lower genital tract
      in man.

PMID- 4018809
TI  - Effect of glare on performance of a VDT reading-comprehension task.

PMID- 4018808
TI  - Psychosocial impact of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus on British
      patients.
AB  - The effects of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the lives of 40
      British patients were studied by means of a questionnaire. The aspects considered
      were: social, sexual, and family life, physical and psychological health, and
      work. Thirty six patients considered their lives to have been affected, nine
      mildly, 14 moderately, and 13 severely. The aspects of life most affected were:
      sexual (13), psychological (11), physical (5), work (3), social (2), and family
      (2). Most of the problems encountered were related to infectivity. The
      availability of vaccines against HBV and of successful antiviral treatment have
      solved some of the problems, but it remains important for the medical profession
      to be aware of the multifaceted impact of the carriage of HBV.

PMID- 4018810
TI  - Studies on ergonomically designed alphanumeric keyboards.

PMID- 4018811
TI  - Posture, postural discomfort, and performance.

PMID- 4018812
TI  - Effects of rest and secondary task on simulated truck-driving task performance.

PMID- 4018813
TI  - Repeated measurements of spatial ability with the Manikin Test.

PMID- 4018814
TI  - Tunnel vision induced by a foveal load manipulation.

PMID- 4018815
TI  - Identification of oenanthotoxin and related compounds in hemlock water dropwort
      poisoning.
AB  - The case histories are presented of three separate incidents of poisoning by
      ingestion of Hemlock Water Dropwort tubers (Oenanthe crocata). Two of these cases
      involved a fatality. An analytical profile is provided for oenanthotoxin, the
      major toxic principal of the tubers. Chromatographic, spectroscopic and mass
      spectral data for related compounds are also given.

PMID- 4018816
TI  - Effects of retinoids on human lymphocyte functions in vitro.
AB  - E-Rosette formation in vitro, lymphocyte mitogenesis and natural killer (NK)
      activity of human blood lymphocytes were strongly inhibited by high concentration
      (10(-4) M) of retinol or retinal. Other retinoids at 10(-4) M (retinoic acid and
      13-cis-retinoic acid) and lower concentrations (10(-7) or 10(-9) M) of retinol,
      retinal and carotenes also inhibited E-rosette formation. Lymphocyte
      transformation responses induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or pokeweed mitogen
      (PWM) were also inhibited while NK activity was not affected. There was a
      remarkable depression of the total number of viable lymphocytes after incubation
      with retinol or retinal 10(-4) M. However, other retinoids, 10(-7) and 10(-9) M
      of retinol and retinal and carotenes did not show marked decrease of lymphocyte
      number or viability even after prolonged incubation (48 h). The mechanism of
      inhibition by retinol or retinal (10(-4) M) is due in part to the decrease of
      viable lymphocytes. It is unclear how other retinoids, carotenes and lower
      concentrations (10(-7) or 10(-9) M) of retinol or retinal inhibit E-rosette
      formation or lymphocyte transformation.

PMID- 4018817
TI  - Antipyrine metabolism in African villagers.
AB  - Antipyrine clearance has been measured from serial serum samples in 49 healthy
      black Africans from a village in Southern Africa. The subjects follow a lifestyle
      which minimally exposes them to environmental inducing or inhibiting agents. Food
      is mainly maize cereal with a protein content of only about 8.8%, together with
      greens. Antipyrine clearance, half-life and apparent volume of distribution (mean
      +/- SD) were, respectively, 0.538 +/- 0.163 ml min-1, kg-1, 14.81 +/- 6.5 h and
      0.626 +/- 0.075 litre/kg. These results do not differ significantly from the mean
      values found in a group of lactovegetarian Indo-Pakistani immigrants to Britain.
      This would suggest that the major environmental determinant influencing hepatic
      mixed-function oxidase activity is the presence or absence of meat in the diet.
      However, the relative contributions of environment and heredity will be difficult
      to determine.

PMID- 4018818
TI  - Paracetamol metabolism in African villagers.
AB  - Paracetamol clearance has been measured from serial serum samples in 49 healthy
      black Africans from a village in Southern Africa. The subjects are minimally
      exposed to known environmental inducing or inhibiting agents and the staple diet
      consists of maize cereal and greens. The mean clearance (+/- SD) was 4.98 +/-
      1.61 ml min-1 kg-1, which is significantly faster than the values found in
      previous investigations with paracetamol in whites and Asian immigrants in
      London. The mean half-lives were fairly similar but the apparent volumes of
      distribution were also found to be larger in the present study. The ethnic
      difference in paracetamol kinetics identified in this study is possibly
      genetically controlled.

PMID- 4018819
TI  - Digoxin and cimetidine: investigation of the potential for a drug interaction.
AB  - The potential for a pharmacokinetic interaction between digoxin and cimetidine
      was investigated in a series of studies. In a single-dose cross-over study in
      healthy volunteer subjects cimetidine increased the area under the plasma digoxin
      concentration curve and the peak plasma digoxin concentration. In a repeated-dose
      study in healthy volunteer subjects taking digoxin 0.25 mg daily, co
      administration of cimetidine resulted in an average increase in plasma digoxin
      concentration of 0.15 ng/ml. In a repeated-dose study in healthy volunteer
      subjects taking digoxin 0.5 mg daily, co-administration of cimetidine resulted in
      an average increase in plasma digoxin concentration of 0.19 ng/ml. In a repeated
      dose study in patients receiving long-term digoxin therapy for atrial
      fibrillation co-administration of cimetidine had no significant effect on plasma
      digoxin concentrations. We have shown that co-administration of cimetidine and
      digoxin in volunteer subjects causes a statistically significant but small
      increase in plasma digoxin concentration but no such increase was found in
      patients. We conclude that it is doubtful that this interaction is of any
      clinical significance.

PMID- 4018820
TI  - Effects of meals and meal times on uptake of lead from the gastrointestinal tract
      in humans.
AB  - Twenty three adults ingested 203Pb as lead acetate on the 12th hour of a 19 h
      fast. Retention measured 7 days later in a whole-body counter was 61% and whole
      body turnover rates suggested that initial uptake had been considerably greater.
      Balanced meals eaten with 203Pb reduced lead uptake to 4% and the influence of
      the food lasted for up to 3 h. The effects of phytate, ethylene-diaminetetra
      acetate (EDTA), caffeine, alcohol, glucose, a liquid meal and a light snack were
      tested separately with intermediate results. The effect of a meal was probably
      largely due to its content of calcium and phosphate salts but lead uptake was
      probably further reduced by phytate which is plentiful in whole cereals and it
      was probably increased by a factor in milk. Uptake with skimmed milk was the same
      as with whole milk and we suggested that the factor was not fat. Comestibles with
      low mineral and phytate contents reduced lead uptake by intermediate amounts,
      possibly by stimulation of digestive secretions. The avid uptake of lead during a
      fast, the large reduction of lead uptake with meals and the likelihood of
      variations in gastric-emptying rates and dietary habits may be major causes of
      variation in body burdens of lead in the population.

PMID- 4018821
TI  - Pathways of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in the rat after intratracheal administration.
AB  - 51Cr-labelled Cr3+ and CrO2-4 solutions were administered intratracheally to male
      rats in doses of 0.1 and 10 micrograms of Cr per rat to evidentiate metabolic
      differences especially in the lung and in the mechanisms of excretion. Twenty
      four hours after administration the highest 51Cr amount was present in the lungs
      for both valency states, being in the Cr (III)-treated group, however, about two
      times higher. In all other tissues tested the values in the Cr (VI)-treated
      animals were much higher. Intracellularly, in the Cr (III)-treated group more
      than 40% of the total lung homogenate was found in the nuclear fraction and only
      10% in the cytosol. In the Cr (VI)-treated group 25% was present in the nuclei
      and more than 50% in the cytosol. Gel filtration 24 h after intratracheal
      injection showed that in both cytosols chromium was eluted in three peaks
      including a low-molecular-weight component. Quantitatively, however, the ratios
      between the 51Cr associated with the three peaks were significantly different
      between the Cr (III)- and the Cr (VI)-treated animals. This suggests that binding
      of chromium to low-molecular-weight components should be involved in the passage
      of this element from the lung to the other tissues. Excretion studies for 7 days
      showed that after this time the Cr (III)-treated animals excreted about 4% of the
      dose via urine and more than 36% via faeces, whereas in the Cr (VI)-treated rats
      the 51Cr was eliminated nearly equally between urine and faeces.

PMID- 4018822
TI  - Discolouration of the optic disc in baboons during treatment with prizidilol
      (SK&F 92657), a novel antihypertensive agent.
AB  - Prizidilol (SK&F 92657-A2 X H2O) is the dihydrochloride salt of D,L-3-[2-(3-t
      butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-6-hydrazinopyridazi ne, a molecule combining
      the properties of precapillary vasodilatation and beta-adrenoceptor blockade.
      Prizidilol was administered to baboons daily for up to 1 year at sustained doses
      up to 800 mg/kg. During the 16th week of a 26-week study ophthalmoscopic
      examination revealed an orange tinge at the periphery of the normally pale pink
      optic disc in all high-dose (800-1225 mg/kg) baboons. The colour became more
      intense as the study progressed. By week 25 orange discolouration was seen in all
      baboons at 350 mg/kg and three out of six baboons at 100 mg/kg. The findings,
      except those at 100 mg/kg, were confirmed in a 12-month study. Optic disc
      discolouration was correlated with darkening of internal organs at necropsy.
      Discolouration of the optic disc did not appear to affect visual function. Slow
      regression of discolouration was demonstrated after withdrawal of treatment with
      800 mg of prizidilol/kg at 6 months. No histological abnormalities were present
      in the optic discs of affected baboons. The study demonstrates the value of
      regular ophthalmoscopy in toxicity studies, combining the facility for the early
      detection of an unusual lesion with the ability to follow its time-course.

PMID- 4018823
TI  - Kinetic aspects of misonidazole and its major metabolite in radiotherapy.
AB  - Oral doses of misonidazole between 0.75 and 1.3 g/m2 were administered during 3-5
      days per week to 21 patients with various malignancies. Mean plasma levels of
      misonidazole and desmethylmisonidazole at the times of radiotherapy were in the
      range 20-50 and 2-12 mg/l respectively. Slight accumulation of misonidazole and
      desmethylmisonidazole in plasma was observed with a dosage interval of 24 h. In
      patients with anticonvulsant comedication plasma elimination half-lives of
      misonidazole of 4.1-8.9 h were found. Observed side-effects were nausea and
      vomiting (9%), exanthema or rashes (14%) and mild peripheral neuropathy (9%).

PMID- 4018824
TI  - Organochlorine pesticide residues in human fat in the United Kingdom 1982-1983.
AB  - Between December 1982 and October 1983 samples of human body fat were taken
      during routine necropsies carried out on 187 persons aged over 5 years and four
      infants aged under 4 months. Comparison of the results of analysis with those
      from the previous studies in 1976-1977, and earlier, shows a continuing decline
      in residues of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) and dieldrin
      (HEOD) and a reduction in the amounts of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltichloroethane
      [p,p'-DDE, a metabolite of p,p'-DDT] and hexachlorobenzene. The concentrations of
      other compounds were similar to those observed in the previous studies. The
      results show that the amounts of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorobiphenyl
      compounds contained in human fat samples from residents in the UK compare
      favourably with data obtained in other countries.

PMID- 4018825
TI  - A toxicology databank based on animal safety evaluation studies of pharmaceutical
      compounds.
AB  - Thirteen UK pharmaceutical companies have provided comprehensive toxicological
      data from repeated-dose animal safety evaluation studies of 74 pharmaceutical
      compounds. These data comprise a unique toxicology database and this paper
      describes its establishment including the problems encountered, its current size
      with over 35 000 data fields, its content and potential value for retrospective
      analyses. Increasing reliance on animal studies for predicting the safety of
      medicines in man necessitates a reappraisal of conventional animal testing
      procedures and better use of the considerable volume of data in the archives of
      regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies. This reappraisal may be
      achieved by the use of computer-based toxicology databanks.

PMID- 4018826
TI  - Screening the in vitro sperm-immobilizing effect of some anticancer drugs.
AB  - The in vitro sperm-immobilizing effect of seven anticancer agents, namely
      cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, cytarabine, mitomycin-C, 6-mercaptopurine,
      doxorubicin and vinblastine were screened with a transmembrane migration method.
      Only doxorubicin and vinblastine inhibited human sperm motility. Because
      colchicine, a microtubular inhibitor, had no sperm-immobilizing effect, we
      suggest that the sperm membrane is the site of action of these two anticancer
      drugs to inhibit human sperm motility.

PMID- 4018827
TI  - Electrocutaneous communication in a guide dog robot (MELDOG).

PMID- 4018828
TI  - A polynomial method for fitting continuous distributions of exponentials with
      positivity constraint.

PMID- 4018829
TI  - Single microelectrode analysis of electrically coupled networks.

PMID- 4018830
TI  - Laser-induced fabrication of a transsubstrate microelectrode array and its
      neurophysiological performance.

PMID- 4018831
TI  - Estimation of local cardiac wall deformation and regional wall stress from
      biplane coronary cineangiograms.

PMID- 4018832
TI  - Classification of heart tissue from bipolar and unipolar intramural potentials.

PMID- 4018833
TI  - Diffraction and dispersion effects on the estimation of ultrasound attenuation
      and velocity in biological tissues.

PMID- 4018834
TI  - Calculation of zero-crossing and spin-lattice relaxation time pictures in
      inversion recovery NMR imaging.

PMID- 4018835
TI  - Coupling efficiency of helical coil hyperthermia applications.

PMID- 4018836
TI  - Genetically determined resistance to listeriosis is associated with increased
      accumulation of inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages which have enhanced
      listericidal activity.
AB  - The C57BL/6 and A/J inbred strains of mice differ markedly in their resistance to
      the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. One possible
      explanation for this genetically determined resistance is that phagocytes from
      Listeria-resistant strains of mice can kill L. monocytogenes more effectively
      than phagocytes from Listeria-susceptible strains of mice. We report here that
      inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages from Listeria-resistant mice (C57BL/6)
      exhibit a slight but significantly enhanced ability to kill L. monocytogenes in
      vitro as compared to inflammatory phagocytes from Listeria-susceptible mice
      (A/J). More importantly, however, Listeria-resistant mice recruited more
      inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages to the peritoneal cavity in response to
      i.p. injection of heat-killed Listeria than did Listeria-susceptible mice. These
      data suggest that genetically determined resistance to listeriosis is dependent
      on the enhanced inflammatory responsiveness of Listeria-resistant mice. Further
      support for this hypothesis was provided by experiments in which the passive
      transfer to A/J mice (C5-deficient) of plasma from C57BL/6 mice (C5-sufficient)
      enhanced the ability of the recipient A/J mice both to recruit inflammatory
      neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity in response to i.p. injection of heat-killed
      Listeria, and to clear L. monocytogenes from the spleen after a sublethal
      challenge of viable Listeria.

PMID- 4018837
TI  - Origin and immunological hyporeactivity of canine alveolar lymphocytes.
AB  - Autochthonous canine thoracic duct lymphocytes were isolated, labelled with
      111indium and injected intravenously. Direct sampling showed that the label
      passed from blood to lymph within 25 hr. By gamma camera imaging, the initial
      accumulation of 111In the liver and spleen was followed by a striking increase in
      lymph node associated activity between 24-36 hr. Although initial lung-associated
      counts were low, a bicarbonate-induced non-specific inflammation of the right
      lung induced a rapid and selective accumulation of labelled lymphocytes (ratio
      right to left lung 8:1). Cell suspensions lavaged from the alveolar surface
      showed only a 9% response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) compared to peripheral
      blood lymphocytes (PBL). The addition of unfractionated lavage cells to PBL
      caused a macrophage-dependent suppression of mitogen responsiveness. However,
      macrophage depletion of alveolar lavage cells did not restore the lymphocyte
      response to PHA. Similarly, the frequency of alloreactive precursors of cytolytic
      lymphocytes (CTL) was almost 10-fold less in alveolar lymphocytes compared to
      PBL. Thus, bronchoalveolar lavage provides a technique by which viable cells may
      be recovered in significant numbers from the alveoli and should be invaluable for
      the investigation of lung allograft rejection.

PMID- 4018838
TI  - A comparative study on the internal defence system of juvenile and adult Lymnaea
      stagnalis.
AB  - The immunological immaturity of juvenile specimens of some snail species, e.g.
      Lymnaea stagnalis, may contribute to their greater susceptibility to infection by
      schistosome parasites. In a comparison between juvenile and adult specimens of
      the pond snail L. stagnalis, we have shown that the blood cells (amoebocytes) of
      juvenile snails are less efficient at phagocytosing: fewer amoebocytes are
      competent and the average number of particles engulfed per cell is lower. This
      functional immaturity seems to correlate with morphological immaturity of the
      amoebocytes. Opsonic and haemagglutinating activities are low in juvenile snail
      plasma, but much higher in adult plasma. Finally, however, the initial rate at
      which injected bacteria are eliminated from the circulation seems only slightly
      slower in juvenile snails than it is in adults.

PMID- 4018839
TI  - Reduction of the complement activation capacity of soluble IgG aggregates and
      immune complexes by IgM-rheumatoid factor.
AB  - The influence of IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) on the activation of isolated C1
      by soluble IgG aggregates (AIgG) and immune complexes was studied. IgM
      preparations obtained from the sera of four patients with seropositive rheumatoid
      arthritis markedly reduced the C1 activation capacity of AIgG, especially when
      large aggregates were tested. The results of parallel experiments with
      radiolabelled AIgG indicated that this inhibitory effect of IgM-RF was
      accompanied by a very large increase of the aggregate size. A comparable IgM
      preparation isolated from pooled normal human serum influenced neither the size
      nor the C1 activation capacity of AIgG. The inhibitory effect of IgM-RF on C1
      activation was also demonstrated for soluble tetanus-anti-tetanus immune
      complexes. Thus, in spite of the established C activation ability of IgM-RF and
      the fact that, in general, larger IgG aggregates and immune complexes activate C1
      more efficiently, cross-linking and size enlargement of soluble IgG complexes and
      aggregates by IgM-RF lead to a decrease of the C1 activation capacity. As a
      consequence, IgM-RF may reduce plasma complement activation by soluble IgG
      complexes in the circulation of patients with seropositive rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 4018840
TI  - The IgG4 subclass is associated with a low affinity antibody response to tetanus
      toxoid in man.
AB  - The amount and relative affinity of antibodies to tetanus toxoid were measured,
      following immunization, in patients with chronic or recurrent acute chest
      infections and in healthy controls. The responding patients and controls produced
      similar amounts of antibody and, although antibody affinity was higher in the
      controls compared to the patients, the differences were not significant. Most
      individuals (65%) produced antibody of the IgG1 subclass with little or no IgG4
      antibody, but in the remainder antibody was either predominantly IgG4 (29%) or
      equally distributed between the IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses (6%). Antibody affinity
      was significantly lower in both patients and controls producing IgG4 antibodies
      compared to those with a predominantly IgG1 response, and antibody affinity
      increased with the amount of IgG1 antibody present. These results provide
      preliminary evidence of an association between low antibody affinity and the IgG4
      subclass in man.

PMID- 4018841
TI  - Immunoglobulin D in rat serum, saliva and milk.
AB  - Previously, this laboratory has found very high concentrations of IgD in normal
      rat milk. Using ELISA methods, the relationship between milk, serum and saliva
      IgD in lactating and suckling rats was examined. Milk IgD appears to be
      synthesized in the mammary tissue rather than taken up from the blood because (i)
      serum IgD remains low and is not significantly different from that of non
      lactating females, and (ii) serum IgD during lactation is poorly correlated with
      milk IgD. Serum IgD in suckling rats declines in the first 7 days following birth
      and remains relatively low during the remainder of lactation (2-4 micrograms/ml).
      The surprisingly high serum IgD observed at birth (9.3 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml) is
      present before suckling begins and is not affected by the onset of suckling.
      Transient elevations of serum IgD begin to occur following weaning. Rats weaned
      10 days earlier than normal (Day 20 vs Day 30) had significantly higher serum IgD
      on Days 36, 47 and 60. Among 43 adult rats, serum IgD was 5.4 +/- 3.6
      micrograms/ml and saliva IgD 2.0 +/- 1.7 micrograms/ml. Serum IgD correlates
      poorly with saliva IgD. The thymus is not required for IgD synthesis since no
      significant difference in serum IgD was found between nude rats and their
      euthymic littermates.

PMID- 4018842
TI  - IgA antibodies in rat bile inhibit cholera toxin-induced secretion in ileal loops
      in situ.
AB  - The biological actions of IgA antibodies in bile are largely undefined. We
      therefore tested whether biliary IgA antibodies could specifically inhibit
      cholera enterotoxin (CT)-induced secretion in the rat ileum. Rats were immunized
      by CT given orally or by injection into Peyer's patches. Bile was collected by
      bile duct cannulation, and anti-CT antibodies in the bile were measured by ELISA.
      CT plus bile from either immunized or unimmunized rats, or CT plus anti-CT
      containing bile which had been absorbed by a CT immunosorbent, were instilled
      into in situ ileal loops in unimmunized rats; CT alone, or buffer was instilled
      into other loops. The bile used from the immunized rats contained IgA, but
      neither IgG nor IgM, anti-CT antibodies. It was found that bile containing IgA
      anti-CT antibodies almost totally inhibited the secretory effect of CT, and this
      inhibition was abrogated by absorption of the IgA anti-CT antibodies. Thus, IgA
      antibodies to an enterotoxin, secreted into bile, are effective against the
      enterotoxin in the rat intestine in vivo.

PMID- 4018843
TI  - Hepatic uptake of circulating IgG immune complexes.
AB  - IgG antibodies were found to increase the uptake of circulating
      dinintrophenylated human serum albumin (DNP-HSA) preparations by the
      nonparenchymal liver cells in rats. Highly DNP-conjugated HSA was taken up by the
      Kupffer cells both when given alone and when complexed by IgG. More lightly DNP
      conjugated HSA was taken up mainly by the liver endothelial cells. Here, IgG
      promoted the antigen uptake both by the Kupffer cells and by the endothelial
      cells. Uptake of IgG immune complexes (IgG-ICs) by the sinusoidal endothelial
      cells of the liver is a new aspect on the function of these cells. Whether or not
      this phenomenon is Fc receptor-mediated is discussed. A heat-labile serum factor
      was found to direct the ICs to the Kupffer cells. This implies that serum
      complement and hepatic C3 receptors are essential for the physiological clearance
      of circulating immune complexes.

PMID- 4018844
TI  - Effect of FUT-175, a new synthetic protease inhibitor, on the development of
      lupus nephritis in (NZB x NZW) F1 mice.
AB  - FUT-175 (6-amidino-2-naphthyl p-guanidinobenzoate dimethanesulphonate), a new
      synthetic protease inhibitor, was administrated to (NZB x NZB) F1 mice in order
      to examine its influence on the development of autoimmune diseases. A dose (400
      mg/kg of body weight) of FUT-175 has both prophylactic and curative effects on
      the development of lupus nephritis: mice showed a significantly low percentage of
      proteinuria, a marked decrease in BUN levels, and the lowest degree of glomerular
      damages. Dexamethasone had almost the same effect as FUT-175 (400 mg/kg), but it
      was slightly less effective than FUT-175. These results suggest that the
      administration of FUT-175 may become a viable strategy for the treatment of human
      autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 4018845
TI  - Regulation of human natural killing by lysosomotropic and thiol-reactive agents.
AB  - Treatment of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with ammonium or other
      lysosomotropic amines eliminates natural killing (NK) activity of effector cells
      without affecting their viability. Inhibition of NK by these reagents is probably
      due to blocking of events subsequent to effector cell target cell binding but
      before programming for cytolysis. Treatment of K562 target cells with the same
      reagents has no effect on target cell sensitivity to NK. Pretreatment of effector
      cells with the NK inhibitory lysosomotropic agents decreases lysosomal thiol
      cathepsin activity without affecting the lysosomal acid phosphatase activity.
      Thiol-reactive agents, tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) and
      iodoacetamide also inhibit NK and thiol cathepsin activity in PBL. These data
      suggest a role for thiol-containing enzymes in the early stages of NK cytolysis.

PMID- 4018846
TI  - The role of shed Fc receptor in the regulation of lymphocyte response to
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA).
AB  - Supernatants from 18-hr cultures of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear
      cells (PMN) and adherent cells (AC) inhibited the binding of erythrocyte-antibody
      complexes (EA) by PMN. The inhibitory activity was lost upon absorption on IgG
      and Fc, but not on the F(ab')2 fragment of IgG. IgG-binding material (shed Fc
      receptor--FcR) was reutilized by PMN and AC which had lost their own FcR in
      vitro. Reutilization was independent of the type of cells from which FcR
      originated. The FcR-containing material eluted from IgG-coated Sepharose column
      inhibited PHA-induced lymphoproliferation, probably via prior interaction with
      monocytes. These results suggest that shed FcR may be freely exchanged between
      different types of human leucocytes and play a role in the suppression of mitogen
      induced T-cell responses.

PMID- 4018847
TI  - Effect of stilboestrol on adrenal steroidogenesis in albino rats.

PMID- 4018848
TI  - Effect of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on experimental myocardial
      infarction in rats.

PMID- 4018849
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoke inhalation on certain pulmonary and hepatic drug
      metabolizing enzymes in rat and mouse.

PMID- 4018850
TI  - Effect of alloxan induced diabetes on 125I-insulin receptor interaction and 14C
      glucose/14C-galactose homeostasis in isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 4018851
TI  - Use of indirect haemagglutination test to detect humoral antibodies of orf
      disease.

PMID- 4018852
TI  - A structural somatic variant of the Kk antigen is generated by point mutation.
AB  - We have previously selected structural variants of the Kk antigen from a (C3 X
      D2)F1 T-cell lymphoma. Those mutants were identified by the loss of certain
      epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies. The variant Kk molecule from HK13.S3
      cells is no longer recognized by 40% of the trinitrophenyl-specific, Kk
      restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Here we report on the primary structure of
      the altered Kk molecules from the cell line HK13.S3. Comparison with the parental
      Kk reveals a single base pair exchange, GCG to GTG, that results in an alanine to
      valine exchange in position 40 of the protein. This observation emphasizes that
      minor structural alterations in class I molecules may have a strong effect on the
      H-2-restricted T-cell response.

PMID- 4018853
TI  - Definitive chromosomal location of the H-2 complex by in situ hybridization to
      pachytene chromosomes.
AB  - Chromosome 17 of the mouse carries the H-2 complex and the T/t complex. An
      understanding of the organization of this region and an accurate genetic map of
      chromosome 17 would be of great value for both immunologists and developmental
      biologists. Until now the only maps available have been derived solely from
      recombinational studies using several translocations, an inherently inaccurate
      method. We have found the definitive location of the H-2 complex by the use of in
      situ hybridization. Our results show that both the T/t complex and the H-2
      complex map to positions far more distal than the generally accepted map
      positions. This proves that recombination in Robertsonian chromosomes
      underestimates physical map distances on chromosome 17.

PMID- 4018855
TI  - Evidence for recurrent infection & intra-familial spread of enterovirus-70
      conjunctivitis during post-epidemic period.

PMID- 4018856
TI  - Transovarial transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus in Culex
      bitaeniorhynchus mosquitoes.

PMID- 4018854
TI  - Lack of Fc receptor for IgE in SJA9 mice.

PMID- 4018857
TI  - Immune reactions to exsheathed microfilariae of Litomosoides carinii.

PMID- 4018858
TI  - Effect of early maternal deprivation on brain 5-HT & pentobarbitone sleeping time
      in suckling rats.

PMID- 4018859
TI  - Circulating thyroid hormone levels in rheumatoid arthritis--a preliminary
      communication.

PMID- 4018860
TI  - Serological evidence for rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease in Kashmir
      (India).

PMID- 4018861
TI  - Use of BCG or levamisole as an adjunct to chemotherapy or radiotherapy in
      malignant lymphomas.

PMID- 4018862
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of gastric-small intestine motility & absorption of
      proline in rats exposed to heat.

PMID- 4018863
TI  - A new subtype of Salmonella subgenus II (S. II 11: a: 1, 5) from India.

PMID- 4018864
TI  - Biotype characterization & antibiotic sensitivity of campylobacters from human &
      non-human sources in Calcutta.

PMID- 4018865
TI  - Field trials on the relative efficacy of five repellents against Simulium
      himalayense (Diptera:Simuliidae).

PMID- 4018866
TI  - Modulation of host immune responses by metronidazole.

PMID- 4018867
TI  - Lack of circadian rhythmicity in serum prolactin in traumatic tetraplegics during
      the spinal shock phase.

PMID- 4018868
TI  - Pathology of acute renal failure & haemolytic uraemic syndrome in acute dysentery
      in children.

PMID- 4018869
TI  - Unusual features of haemoglobin-E thalassaemia.

PMID- 4018870
TI  - Effect of lesions of striatum on lordosis behaviour in female rats.

PMID- 4018871
TI  - Hypoglycemic activity of Tephrosea purpurea Linn. seeds.

PMID- 4018872
TI  - Comparison of proportions based on the same or paired subjects.

PMID- 4018873
TI  - Marked enhancement in vivo of adjuvant activity of muramyl dipeptide to protein
      antigens and to synthetic weak immunogens with monoclonal anti-muramyl dipeptide
      antibodies.
AB  - Priming of mice with complexes of antigen coupled to muramyl dipeptide and
      monoclonal anti-muramyl dipeptide antibodies enhanced the adjuvant activity of
      muramyl dipeptide on the humoral response to the antigen. The enhancement did not
      occur with free (uncoupled) muramyl dipeptide and required the presence of an
      adjuvant-active hapten within the complex as well as the Fc fragment of the
      monoclonal antibody. This system proved highly effective in eliciting antibodies
      to synthetic weak immunogens whereas muramyl dipeptide, on its own, exerts very
      little or no adjuvant activity. The effect was not due to a general polyclonal
      activation and was restricted to the antigen coupled to the synthetic adjuvant.
      Possible pathways involved in this phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 4018874
TI  - Characterization of the metabolism inhibition antigen of Mycoplasma arthritidis.
AB  - The Mycoplasma arthritidis antigen(s) responsible for eliciting metabolism
      inhibiting antibodies in rabbits has been partially characterized. Metabolism
      inhibiting activity was absorbed from rabbit antisera by intact M. arthritidis
      cells and membranes but much less so by the soluble cytoplasmic fraction,
      indicating that the antigen is located on the outer membrane surface. It was
      stable to periodate and lipid extraction but labile to heat and proteolytic
      enzymes, indicating that it is protein in nature. Finally, it is most likely a
      tightly bound integral rather than a peripheral membrane protein, since it was
      not extracted by low-ionic-strength solutions or by the nonionic detergents
      Triton X-100, Nonidet P-40, and Tween 20. It was solubilized by both the anionic
      agent sodium deoxycholate and the zwitterionic detergent Zwittergent. Two two
      monoclonal antibodies with metabolism-inhibiting activity were produced. One
      recognized a 45,000-dalton surface protein; however, the other recognized an
      antigen which is probably of cytoplasmic origin, indicating that more than one
      cell component may be involved in the metabolism-inhibiting antibody response.

PMID- 4018875
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of adherence of Staphylococcus aureus in experimental
      acute hematogenous osteomyelitis.
AB  - A model of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis initiated by injection of
      Staphylococcus aureus into 29-day-old chickens was used. Transmission electron
      microscopy showed that the bacteria adhered to exposed cartilage matrix in the
      metaphyseal region of long bones but not to adjacent vascular linings or to
      erythrocytes. It is proposed that the combination of exposure of growth plate
      cartilage during normal bone growth and the ability of S. aureus to adhere to
      this cartilage is the mechanism for initiation of infection which proceeds to an
      osteomyelitic abscess.

PMID- 4018876
TI  - Relationship between delayed hypersensitivity response and acquired cell-mediated
      immunity in C57BL/6J mice infected with Leishmania donovani.
AB  - The relationship between the development of acquired cell-mediated immunity and
      the concomitant level of specific delayed hypersensitivity (DH) in C57BL/6J mice
      infected with the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani was
      studied. It was determined that the intradermal injection of Leishmania antigen
      (heat- or phenol-killed flagellated forms of L. donovani) could elicit a DH
      response as early as day 10 and as late as day 120 postinfection in mice infected
      by the intravenous route. Dose-response studies showed that there is an inverse
      relationship between the size of the infecting dose of parasites and the
      magnitude of the DH response. Thus, increasing the degree of infection depressed
      the DH response. This depression, however, could be abrogated by treatment of
      mice with cyclophosphamide (201 mg/kg) before intradermal injection of antigen.

PMID- 4018877
TI  - First aid for cage birds.

PMID- 4018878
TI  - Anal and perianal surgery in dogs and cats.

PMID- 4018879
TI  - Intra-articular anaesthesia of the equine hock.

PMID- 4018880
TI  - Copper deficiency in cattle and sheep.

PMID- 4018881
TI  - Binding and uptake of mercuric chloride in human lymphoid cells.
AB  - Animal and human lymphoid cells are stimulated in their DNA synthesis by mercuric
      chloride. A direct binding of labelled mercuric chloride (203HgCl2) to the
      membranes of human thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes could be
      demonstrated as early as 15 min after isotope addition. There was also an uptake
      of mercury in the nuclei, as determined by liquid scintillation. The isotope
      activity was recovered in the phenol-soluble nuclear fraction, i.e. containing
      non-histone phosphoproteins.

PMID- 4018883
TI  - Regulatory effect of hydrocortisone on the in vitro synthesis of IgE by human
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The effect of different concentrations of hydrocortisone (HC) on the in vitro,
      pokeweed mitogen-driven synthesis of IgG and IgE by human lymphocytes was
      studied. HC had the same modulatory action on the production of both
      immunoglobulins. Two different effects were observed: the first is enhancement of
      Ig synthesis by low concentrations of HC (10(-7)-10(-4) M), and the second is
      inhibition of synthesis by higher concentrations due to lymphocytotoxic effect.

PMID- 4018882
TI  - Adjuvant activity of saponin: antigen localization studies.
AB  - The adjuvant saponin potentiates the antibody response of mice to the antigen
      keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Studies using 125I-labelled KLH show that
      saponin significantly prolongs the retention of antigen at the subcutaneous
      injection site and also increases the amount reaching the spleen. Both these
      phenomena were associated with the inflammatory response to saponin and were
      markedly reduced following abolition of the inflammatory action of saponin by
      addition of cholesterol-containing liposomes. The adjuvant action of saponin was
      not modified by this treatment. Further evidence that neither antigen retention
      nor splenic localization is implicated in the adjuvant action of saponin for KLH
      is the demonstration that digitonin, which shares hemolytic and cholesterol
      binding activity with saponin, caused similar antigen retention and splenic
      localization but was not adjuvant active.

PMID- 4018885
TI  - HLA and lymphocyte histamine sensitivity in mastocytosis.
AB  - HLA-ABC and DR typing was performed on 50 patients with mastocytosis. Lymphocyte
      stimulation with concanavalin A has earlier been performed in 22 of these
      patients. No phenotypic aberrations were detected in the patient group. 8
      patients had the HLA-B12 phenotype. Lymphocytes from the HLA-B12 phenotype
      stimulated with a lymphocyte mitogen have earlier been shown to react with
      decreased inhibitory effect to histamine. 2 patients in this study had the HLA
      B12 phenotype and systemic mastocytosis with high histamine turnover, but these
      patients reacted with a low mitogen response of the lymphocytes.

PMID- 4018884
TI  - Humoral immunity to dietary antigens in healthy adults. Occurrence, isotype and
      IgG subclass distribution of serum antibodies to protein antigens.
AB  - The occurrence of antibodies to five dietary protein antigens in the sera from 21
      healthy adults was investigated by a modified Farr assay. Antibody to ovalbumin
      (OA) occurred most frequently (90%) whereas only 24% had antibodies to alpha
      lactalbumin (ALA). No correlation was noted between the titer of antibodies
      against bovine serum albumin (BSA) and OA in the single individual. The avidity
      constants (10(8)-10(9) l/mol) and cross-reactivities against other albumins of
      anti-BSA antibodies in two human sera were comparable to that of the antibodies
      in pooled hyperimmune rabbit antiserum. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis showed
      serum anti-BSA and anti-OA antibodies to be predominantly of the IgG class
      (13/13, 10/10), occasionally of the IgA- (6/13, 1/10) and rarely of the IgM class
      (1/13, 0/10). Analysis by radioelectroimmunoassay (rocket immunoelectrophoresis)
      of the IgG subclass distribution of anti-BSA and anti-OA antibodies showed total
      absence of IgG3. In contrast, antibodies of the IgG4 subclass were frequently
      present even in sera with very low levels of total IgG4.

PMID- 4018886
TI  - Cross reactivity studies with platinum group metal salts in platinum-sensitised
      rats.
AB  - Hooded Lister rats were sensitised to the halide salt of platinum ammonium
      tetrachloroplatinate(II)[(NH4)2PtCl4] in its conjugated form with ovalbumin.
      Sensitisation was achieved by intraperitoneal injection with Bordetella pertussis
      vaccine as adjuvant, followed 21 days later by a further injection in saline. The
      presence of specific anti-platinum IgE antibody was determined by passive
      cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using the
      platinum halide salt conjugated to a heterologous carrier. Sera exhibiting
      positive reactions were pooled and PCA tests performed on the titrated pooled
      sera with 3 conjugated platinum group metal salts, 5 platinum group metals in
      their free salt form and 6 platinum salts with differing ligands. PCA challenges
      with these compounds resulted in significant cross reactivity between ammonium
      tetrachloroplatinate(II), ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV) and the conjugated
      tetrachloroplatinate. There was very limited cross reactivity with other platinum
      or platinum group metal salts in either free or conjugated forms. Furthermore,
      these results were confirmed by RAST inhibition studies.

PMID- 4018887
TI  - Ultrastructural categorization of human sperm cryopreserved in glycerol and in
      TESTCY.
AB  - The motility of human sperm after thawing and the ultrastructural integrity of
      their acrosomal region was evaluated in 5 semen donors after utilizing 2
      cyproprotective extenders--glycerol and TESTCY. Sperm motility in the fresh
      control semen fraction (65.5% +/- 6.1) was significantly (P less than 0.05)
      better than the immediate post-thaw motility in both cyprotected fractions (38.8%
      +/- 2.0 for glycerol and 31.0% +/- 2.9 for TESTCY), and there was no significant
      difference between the two cyprotective treatments. The overall % of normal
      intact sperm heads was significantly less than in controls (P less than 0.05)
      following cypropreservation in glycerol, but values for sperm stored in TESTCY
      were not significantly different from controls or glycerol. However, when
      expressed as % change from controls values, sperm preservation was significantly
      better (P less than 0.05) in TESTCY than in glycerol. TESTCY is considered a
      better cryoprotective agent for human sperm.

PMID- 4018888
TI  - The anti-glycolytic action of (S)-alpha-chlorohydrin on epididymal bovine
      spermatozoa in vitro.
AB  - (S)-alpha-Chlorohydrin interferes with glycolysis in bovine spermatozoa whereas
      the (R)-isomer is ineffective. The action of the (S)-isomer, which involves
      inhibition of the reaction catalysed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase,
      is not immediate but is evident only after a brief period of incubation with the
      spermatozoa. This inhibitory action is prevented when glycerol is present
      suggesting that the mechanism of action of (S)-alpha-chlorohydrin requires its
      oxidation to (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde which is the active metabolite. Addition of
      racemic 3-chlorolactaldehyde to bovine spermatozoa caused immediate inhibition of
      glycolysis. It is proposed that the action of (S)-alpha-chlorohydrin in bovine
      spermatozoa is similar to that observed in the spermatozoa of other species in
      being a two-stage process; first, its oxidation to (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde, and
      then inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme by this metabolite.

PMID- 4018889
TI  - Nuclear chromatin decondensation of spermatozoa in vitro: a method for evaluating
      the fertilizing ability of ovine semen.
AB  - Spermatozoa obtained from testes, epididimydes and complete ejaculates of healthy
      rams during the breeding and non-breeding seasons were induced to show nuclear
      chromatin decondensation by controlled exposure to dithiotreitol (DTT) and sodium
      dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in vitro. A gradual resistance to decondensation was shown
      by sperm during epididymal transit, confirming a progressive increase in the
      prevalence of chromatinic disulphide bonds during sperm maturation in this
      species. A high % of stable (non-decondensed) sperm nuclei after treatment (79%)
      was found in semen from rams with normal fertility (64% non-return rate at first
      oestrus). Opposite changes were found in the semen from rams having low fertility
      rates (37%), as these showed only 31% of stable sperm nuclei. There were no
      differences in the spermiograms of these two groups. When semen from the same
      rams was tested during the non-breeding season, a similar relationship was found,
      although in both groups there was a higher % of sperm with stable nuclei than
      during the breeding season. The possible role of seminal plasma and of some of
      its constituents (e.g., zinc) on the decondensation of ram sperm nuclear
      chromatin was also studied. The presence of seminal plasma and the addition of
      zinc largely or completely inhibited the decondensation of ram sperm nuclear
      chromatin whilst the reverse situation was seen following the addition of
      chelating agents (e.g. EDTA) to the semen samples. The present results suggest
      that the induction of sperm nuclear decondensation by exposure to DTT and SDS
      under controlled conditions may provide a simple but reliable method for
      predicting in vitro the fertilizing ability of a ram semen sample.

PMID- 4018890
TI  - Prevention of hypo-osmotic swelling by detergents provides clues to the membrane
      structure of rat sperm.
AB  - The proportion of sperm from the caput epididymidis of the rat that swelled in
      hypo-osmotic media was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by detergents, with
      relative effectiveness as follows: CTAB greater than Digitonin greater than
      Hyamine 10-X greater than SDS greater than Triton X-100 greater than
      Deoxycholate. Polymyxin was a poor lytic agent, possibly because anionic lipids
      are in the inner leaflet of the membrane. Less digitonin was needed to lyse
      mature sperm from the distal cauda epididymidis, suggesting that there is less
      cholesterol in their membranes.

PMID- 4018891
TI  - Effect of intra-epididymal injection of copper particles on fertility,
      spermatogenesis, and tissue copper levels in rats.
AB  - In male rats, a single injection of 10 mg metallic copper particles in oil into
      each caput epididymidis induced infertility, whilst leaving mating behaviour and
      blood testosterone levels unchanged. Fertility tended to recover 5.5 months after
      the copper treatment. Although the copper content of the caput epididymidis
      reached a level of around 100 times higher than control values, the serum copper
      concentration did not rise significantly. This finding and the observation that
      treated animals gained weight as fast as the controls suggest a low systemic
      toxicity of this method. The testicular copper concentration was significantly
      higher than that in controls and different degrees of damage, including
      vacuolation, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and cytolysis, were seen mainly in pachytene
      spermatocytes and early spermatids. Clumps of foreign particles, apparently
      metallic copper, were found in the interstices of the caput epididymidis together
      with degenerative changes in the epithelial cells of the caput, suggesting a
      possible effect of copper on the epididymal epithelium. The viability of
      epididymal sperm decreased more markedly than the decrease in sperm density. It
      is therefore most likely that the major cause of infertility after copper
      injection into the caput epididymidis is a direct inhibitory effect of copper on
      the sperm, whilst damage to the seminiferous and epididymal epithelial may
      contribute.

PMID- 4018892
TI  - Radiation-induced degradation of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in
      drinking water.
AB  - The gamma-radiation degradation of trace amounts (70-440 ppb) of
      trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in drinking water has been
      investigated. The doses necessary to reduce the pollutant concentration to 1 ppb
      are in the order of 1 kGy.

PMID- 4018893
TI  - Chemical and biological properties of a cationic Tc-tetraamine complex.
AB  - The complex of 99Tc with the ligand 1,4,8,11-tetraazaundecane (2,3,2-tet) was
      prepared and was compared with the similar 99Tc complexes with ethylenediamine
      and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane. The results are all consistent with the
      formula [TcO2(2,3,2-tet)]+. The biological behavior was tested with 99mTc in
      Wistar rats. A fast clearance via the kidneys was found, and no accumulation in
      any other organ was observed.

PMID- 4018894
TI  - Synthesis and some characteristics of no-carrier added
      [18F]fluorotrimethylsilane.
AB  - [18F]Fluorotrimethylsilane was prepared in 80% decay corrected yield by reaction
      of no-carrier added tetramethyl-ammonium fluoride (hydroxide as bulk anion) with
      chlorotrimethylsilane in 65% aqueous acetonitrile. The 18F gas was collected in a
      cold-trap at -130 degrees C and found to have an Ostwald solubility coefficient
      of 11.5 in paraffin oil. Accurate measurement of its aqueous solubility was
      precluded by hydrolysis. When rats were allowed to inhale
      [18F]fluorotrimethylsilane extensive uptake of 18F occurred in bone,
      demonstrating ready release of fluoride in vivo.

PMID- 4018895
TI  - An improved [18O]water target for [18F]fluoride production.

PMID- 4018896
TI  - A simple factor for the evaluation of the specific activity of
      radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 4018897
TI  - A feasibility study of the in vivo prompt gamma activation analysis using a
      mobile nuclear reactor.
AB  - A facility for in vivo prompt gamma activation analysis using moderated neutron
      beams from a 0.1 W mobile nuclear reactor is described. The low-power nuclear
      reactor provides total neutron flux of 3.3 X 10(4)n cm-2 s-1 on the surface of a
      vertical beam tube to which a liquid phantom is positioned. The capability of
      such a partial-body irradiation facility is demonstrated by measuring trace
      amounts of toxic cadmium in kidney. The detection limit of Cd in kidney for a
      skin dose of 1.66 mSv (166 mrem) is 1.34 mg under 500 s irradiation. This
      facility therefore combines the advantages of mobility with high sensitivity of
      detection of a toxic element under low neutron and gamma doses.

PMID- 4018898
TI  - Synthesis of [18F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose from highly reactive
      [18F]tetraethylammonium fluoride prepared by hydrolysis of
      [18F]fluorotrimethylsilane.
AB  - 18F-Labeled fluorotrimethylsilane was prepared by nucleophilic substitution of
      chlorotrimethylsilane with reactor produced [18F]fluoride. Hydrolysis of
      fluorotrimethylsilane by aqueous tetraethylammonium hydroxide followed by removal
      of water with a mechanical pump gave a powerful source of no carrier added
      nucleophilic 18F. Reaction of this purified 18F preparation with 4,6-benzylidene
      1-beta-O-methyl D-mannopyranoside-2.3-cyclic sulfate was complete in 2 min at 80
      degrees C and gave two labeled products with similar retention times on reverse
      phase HPLC. Allowing for decay and handling losses during deprotection, the
      maximum yield of [18F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose from no-carrier added
      tetraethylammonium fluoride was 50%. Incorporation of 18F into organic products
      was 30% complete in 10 min at room temperature. An identical time-course was
      observed for reaction of 3-O-triflyl-1,2-5,6-diisopropylidene-D-allofuranose, the
      starting material for 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose. Reaction of tetraethylammonium
      fluoride with chlorotrimethylsilane was more rapid and much more tolerant of
      water than the fluorosugar reactions. Chlorotrimethylsilane can be used to
      recover unreacted 18F from reaction mixtures.

PMID- 4018899
TI  - Synthesis and quality control of 99mTc-p-butyl IDA.
AB  - A procedure is described for synthesis of p-butyl IDA and for identification of
      the product by i.r. and NMR spectroscopy and by chemical analysis. A method for
      preparing this compound by "instant" technique and for its labelling with 99mTc
      is also given, as well as a procedure for control of the chemical and biological
      properties of the radiopharmaceutical. Radiochemical study shows a high labelling
      yield of 95%. Investigation of the biodistribution proves that this preparation
      is a good hepatobiliary reagent, suitable for use in investigation of the liver
      functions and for quantitative visualization of the hepatobiliary system.

PMID- 4018900
TI  - Tumor uptake of radiolabelled pyrimidine bases and pyrimidine nucleosides in
      animal models--VIII. Synthesis and tissue distribution of N-[2-(hydroxyethoxy)
      methyl]-5-[3H]methyluracil.
AB  - The tritium-labelled acyclonucleoside, N-[2-(hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-5
      [3H]methyluracil (3H-3), was synthesized for evaluation as a tumor diagnostic
      agent. 5-[3H]-Methyluracil, 3H-1, was converted to the 2,4-bis-trimethylsilyl
      intermediate which was coupled with 2-acetoxyethoxymethyl bromide to afford 1-[(2
      acetoxyethoxy)methyl-5-[3H]methyluracil (3H-2). Treatment of 3H-2 with sodium
      methoxide in methanol afforded 3H-3 (specific activity 188 MBq mmol-1. The tissue
      distribution of 3H-3 was examined in male BDF1 mice bearing Lewis Lung (LL)
      carcinomas. Long bone exhibited the highest tumor: tissue ratios. The kidney
      contained the highest radioactivity level relative to the tumor. This suggested a
      major urinary route of excretion. The major radioactive blood component (89.21%)
      was found to have a biological half-life of 0.19 min. The title compound is
      unsuitable for use as a diagnostic agent for LL carcinoma because of low tumor
      uptake and rapid urinary elimination of injected radioactivity from the body.

PMID- 4018901
TI  - A multivial distillation apparatus for routine tritium urinanalysis.

PMID- 4018902
TI  - 1-[11C]butanol: synthesis and development as a radiopharmaceutical for blood flow
      measurements.

PMID- 4018903
TI  - Structure confirmation and identification by predicted retention indexes in
      tritium labeling.

PMID- 4018904
TI  - The value of HLA phenotypes in the prognosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - The study included 52 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 32 males and 20 females,
      whose ages ranged from 3 to 36 years (34 under and 18 over 15 years). All
      patients were carefully staged, and lymph-node biopsies were taken for
      histopathological examination. HLA phenotype determinations were carried out, and
      the frequencies were statistically compared with those of normal Egyptian
      controls. We followed the patients for 3 years to monitor the effect of therapy.
      In order to determine the prognostic value of patients' characteristics (age,
      stage, histologic pattern and HLA phenotypes), statistical analysis and
      retrospective stratification studies were performed. The frequency of HLA-AI was
      significantly increased in our patients. The relative risk showed that persons
      carrying the AI antigen are 6 times more susceptible than those lacking it. There
      was no significant difference in the frequency of AI antigen in relation to the
      histopathologic subtypes. Furthermore, the results revealed a prognostic value of
      the HLA marker. In conclusion, we suggest that chemotherapy should be added to
      radiotherapy of marker-positive patients at any stage.

PMID- 4018906
TI  - Multipotentiality of yolk-sac carcinoma cell clones.
AB  - Yolk-sac carcinoma (YSCa) clones were isolated by manual cloning under visual
      control. By morphology, immunohistology and histochemistry the clones were shown
      to differentiate in vitro into visceral and parietal yolk-sac cells and in vivo
      into visceral and parietal yolk-sac cells, trophoblast and mesenchyme.
      Trophoblast and mesenchyme were only recorded in rat YSCa derived from displaced
      yolk sac but not in embryo-derived YSCA. Hence YSCa cells displaying a visceral
      and parietal yolk-sac pattern as well as the trophoblastic and the mesenchymal
      structures should have a common cell ancestor.

PMID- 4018905
TI  - Endemic African Kaposi's sarcoma is not associated with immunodeficiency.
AB  - Twenty-seven histologically confirmed Kaposi sarcoma (KS) patients resident in
      the Kivu Lake area of eastern Zaire were examined for immune competence. Only KS
      cases of the endemic African type have been observed in this high-incidence area.
      The median duration of the symptoms was 6 years and ranged from 1 to 38 years.
      Forty-one controls matched for age, sex and tribe and unrelated to the KS
      patients were selected from the community. Thirteen additional controls were
      first-degree relatives of the KS patients. No evidence of immune suppression
      among KS patients was found and there were no significant differences in the
      immune status between KS patients and controls. Total lymphocytes, B and T cells,
      and OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells varied within the normal range. Grouping of the KS
      patients in categories according to duration and disease extent did not reveal
      significant differences in their immune status. The number of KS patients
      reacting positively in a skin test to 5 recall antigens and I mitogen was similar
      to that of controls, except in the case of candidin, to which a higher number of
      KS patients were negative. The serum levels of immunoglobulins, complement
      factors and circulating immune complexes were comparable in KS patients and
      controls. Indicators of inflammatory processes [white blood cells (WBC),
      complement-reactive protein (CRP)] were positive in 27% of the KS patients. The
      prevalence and mean titer of antibody against cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr
      virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and syphilis were similar in KS patients and
      in controls.

PMID- 4018907
TI  - The interaction of melanoma cells with fibroblasts and endothelial cells in three
      dimensional macromolecular matrices: a model for tumour cell invasion.
AB  - Comparative quantitative data are presented concerning the adhesion,
      proliferation and invasive behaviour of RPMI-3460 melanoma cells on (1) plain
      collagen gels, (2) monolayer cultures of fibroblasts and endothelial cells
      growing on the gel surface, and (3) the exposed endothelial and fibroblast
      extracellular matrices (ECMs). Both types of ECMs enhanced melanoma cell adhesion
      and proliferation (compared with plain gels) and had marked, but distinctive,
      effects on melanoma morphology. The thickness and composition of the ECMs was
      altered by treatment of the matrices with enzymes (trypsin, elastase and
      chondroitinase ABC) or by using ECMs produced by endothelial cells at various
      times after confluence. Variations in the thickness and composition of the ECMs
      had no effect on the behaviour of melanoma cells growing on these matrices; our
      results suggest that the glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycan ECM constituents
      removed by digestion with the enzymes do not play an important role in melanoma
      cell attachment, proliferation and migration. Melanoma cells plated on the
      surface of a plain collagen gel rapidly migrated down into the collagen matrix,
      with approximately 30% of the cells found within the gel after 6 days of
      incubation. Fibroblast and endothelial ECMs significantly and distinctively
      inhibited melanoma invasion into the underlying collagen gel. The extensive
      invasion of melanoma cells into the gel was not accompanied by hydrolysis of the
      collagen fibres. Conversely, fibroblast and endothelial ECMs, which acted as
      effective barriers, were extensively hydrolysed by the melanoma cells. The
      possible use of ECMs deposited on collagen in the study of melanoma local
      invasion (on fibroblast ECMs) and extravasation (on endothelial ECMs) is
      discussed.

PMID- 4018908
TI  - Gastrointestinal carcinoma-associated antigen detected by a monoclonal antibody
      in dysplasia and adenocarcinoma associated with chronic ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Colorectal tissue specimens from 13 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis, of
      whom all had epithelial dysplasia and 2 had adenocarcinoma, were tested for the
      presence of gastrointestinal carcinoma-associated antigen (GICA), using an
      immunoperoxidase technique with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against this antigen.
      GICA was present in the formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of
      dysplastic and cancer tissue but absent from normal or hyperplastic epithelium.
      However, the pattern and extent of staining with the antibody did not correlate
      with the degree of dysplasia, i.e., "mild" dysplasia was often positive, and
      "severe" dysplasia was sometimes negative. Changes classified as "indefinite for
      dysplasia but probably negative" were variable in their expression of GICA. The
      adenocarcinomas were selectively labelled within cell clusters. In contrast,
      ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with severe inflammatory changes but with no
      detectable dysplasia were negative for GICA. GICA could be eluted from paraffin
      blocks of dysplastic tissue and biochemically characterized as a glycolipid. The
      detection of this antigen might be a useful complement to morphological
      examination in discriminating between precancerous and benign epithelial lesions
      of the colon.

PMID- 4018909
TI  - Tumor-derived chemotactic factor(s) from human ovarian carcinoma: evidence for a
      role in the regulation of macrophage content of neoplastic tissues.
AB  - Supernatants from freshly disaggregated human ovarian carcinomas maintained in
      vitro for 24 hr, from primary ovarian carcinoma cultures (4-6 days in culture)
      and from established ovarian cancer cell lines were examined for chemotactic
      activity on blood monocytes in blind-well chemotaxis chambers. Tumor-cell culture
      supernatants induced migration of peripheral blood monocytes across polycarbonate
      filters with considerable heterogeneity among different tumors. Induction of
      migration occurred only in the presence of a gradient between the lower and upper
      compartments of the chamber. Chemotactic activity was characterized by means of
      supernatants from primary ovarian carcinoma cultures. Chemotactic factor(s) was
      (were) produced in serum-free conditions and the production was inhibited by
      emetine but not by mitomycin C. The activity was destroyed by exposure to
      proteolytic enzymes and by heating at 100 degrees C but was unaffected by RNase,
      DNase, lipase and exposure to extreme pH values or heating at 56 degrees C. Upon
      fractionation on Sephadex G 75, the activity eluted as a single peak in the
      cytochrome C region, corresponding to an apparent molecular weight of about 12
      kd. The percentage of macrophages was assessed in 25 freshly disaggregated tumor
      specimens. Ovarian carcinomas were heterogeneous in their macrophage content with
      values ranging from 4 to 36%. A significant (r = 0.62; p = 0.00097), though far
      from absolute, correlation was found between chemotactic activity of culture
      supernatants and percentage of tumor-associated macrophages. Tumor-derived
      chemotactic factor(s) could be one of the mechanisms involved in the regulation
      of the macrophage content of human ovarian carcinomas.

PMID- 4018910
TI  - Migration and death from malignant melanoma.
AB  - The age-standardized mortality rates for malignant melanoma of the skin in
      immigrants to New Zealand were compared with those of New Zealand-born non
      Maoris. Immigrants from European countries had mortality rates that were
      generally similar to those prevailing in their countries of origin, although,
      among immigrants from the British Isles, early age at migration was associated
      with a mortality rate similar to that of New Zealand-born non-Maoris. In a
      community survey, British immigrants were not less likely to have had severe
      sunburn, but had fewer moles, than New Zealand-born non-Maoris. The lower
      melanoma mortality, and the effect of age at migration, could be mediated by
      differences in mole frequency.

PMID- 4018911
TI  - Prevalence of polyps in an autopsy series from areas with varying incidence of
      large-bowel cancer.
AB  - The results of this multicentre autopsy study emphasize the relationship between
      the prevalence of adenomas and the incidence of large-bowel cancer. The highest
      proportion of autopsies with adenomas was observed in the area with the highest
      incidence of large-bowel cancer. The segmental distribution of adenomas within
      the colon was found to be similar to the site distribution of cancer. However,
      the lowest proportion of adenomas was found in the rectum, the segment in which
      cancer is most frequent. The latter finding suggests that either the adenoma
      carcinoma sequence is a less important pathway in the pathogenesis of rectal
      cancer, or that more rectal than colonic adenomas become malignant. The high
      proportion of hyperplastic polyps in the rectum, and statistically significant
      regional differences following the same patterns as the incidence of rectal
      cancer suggest that there could be at least an indirect relationship between
      hyperplastic polyps and cancer of the rectum. Adenomas of both colon and rectum
      were more frequent in men than in women, contrary to findings with colon cancer.
      However, as for colon cancer, the sex ratio of adenomas changed with age, from
      slightly below unity in persons under 65, to above unity for those aged 65 and
      over. A major difficulty that emerged was the histological identification of
      "polyps" because of the degree of autolysis of epithelial cells in the mucous
      membrane, and this difficulty largely contributed to the poor consistency of
      histological reporting. Regular consistency surveys of histological preparations
      should be recommended in any type of multicentre study in which histological
      examination is included.

PMID- 4018912
TI  - Proliferative abnormalities of the oesophageal epithelium of Chinese populations
      at high and low risk for oesophageal cancer.
AB  - Studies on the pattern of proliferation of epithelial cells from the oesophagus
      of 33 individuals from Linxian, a high-risk area for oesophageal cancer in China,
      and of 22 subjects from Jiaoxian, a low-risk area for the same cancer in China,
      were performed using thymidine labelling. Oesophageal biopsies were obtained
      during endoscopic surveys carried out in these 2 populations. A clear difference
      was observed between the 2 groups; the high-risk group showed cell proliferation
      in the upper layers of the epithelium more often than the low-risk group. No
      difference was found in the cell proliferation patterns of subjects with
      oesophagitis and those without oesophagitis in the high-risk area. This finding
      could suggest that the tritiated thymidine assay may be a more sensitive method
      to characterize the precancerous lesions of the oesophagus in high- and low-risk
      populations than simple histological evaluation.

PMID- 4018913
TI  - Differentiation of Abelson murine leukemia virus-infected promonocytic leukemia
      cells.
AB  - Virus-producing, tumorigenic, promonocytic leukemia cell lines were derived from
      Abelson murine leukemia virus-infected mice. This study shows that, of these 25
      cloned lines, 22 were capable of extensive differentiation. It also shows that
      granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity increased the proportion of
      differentiating cells in 17/22 lines. Cells from agar colonies with a diffuse
      colony morphology had an increased expression of mature macrophage phenotypic
      characteristics, and a reduced proliferative capacity in vitro, compared to cells
      from agar colonies with a compact colony morphology. Cells from diffuse colonies
      also produced less Abelson virus, and were less tumorigenic in vivo than cells
      from compact colonies. Together, these results suggest some Abelson virus
      producing leukemic cells are not blocked in their capacity to differentiate and
      are capable of reversing the transformed phenotype.

PMID- 4018914
TI  - Interaction between two cellular subpopulations of a rat colonic carcinoma when
      inoculated to the syngeneic host.
AB  - From a single, chemically-induced rat colonic carcinoma, two subpopulations of
      tumor cells have been isolated. When injected into syngeneic rats, TR cells give
      rise to progressive tumors in most of the animals, whereas TS cells give rise to
      no tumors or to tumors which regress in less than 30 days. TS cells inhibit the
      growth of TR tumors, whether they are injected before TR cells or simultaneously,
      at a different site or mixed with the TR cells. Lymph nodes and spleen
      lymphocytes from animals having rejected TS tumors also inhibit TR-cell growth.
      On the other hand, TS cells are able to give rise to progressive tumors when they
      are injected into rats bearing established TR tumors. Lymph nodes and spleen
      cells of TR tumor-bearing rats are able to enhance TS cell growth. These results
      suggest that subpopulations of cancer cells contained in the same tumor interact
      with each other through their effect on the host immune system. The growth of a
      whole tumor probably depends not only on the growth potential of each constituent
      subpopulation, but also on the interaction between the subpopulations themselves.

PMID- 4018915
TI  - Thoughts on eponyms.

PMID- 4018916
TI  - Conduction tissue anomalies in absence of the right superior caval vein.
AB  - The incidence of electrical instability of the heart is high in patients with
      absence of the right and persistence of the left superior caval vein when the
      latter connects to the coronary sinus. It has been suggested that a large
      coronary sinus may influence the susceptibility to arrhythmias. we studied the
      conduction tissues of 8 hearts from the cardiopathological collection of
      Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Six of these specimens had a persistent left
      superior caval vein connecting to the coronary sinus. There were 4 with absence
      of the right superior caval vein, 3 of which were in the group with persistent
      left veins. We evaluated the sinus node and the specialized atrioventricular
      junctional area, comparing them with known normals. The coronary sinus varied in
      size from through it. The size did not alter the histology of the adjacent
      conduction tissue. In contrast, the sinus node was abnormal in 3 of the 4 hearts
      with absent right superior caval vein. This may be the key factor in the
      development of arrhythmias when the right superior caval vein is absent or
      abnormal.

PMID- 4018917
TI  - Abnormal heart rate control in vasospastic angina: effects of calcium
      antagonists.
AB  - We examined the effects of administration of calcium antagonists on the heart
      rate response to treadmill exercise in 11 patients with vasospastic angina and 8
      healthy young volunteers. The exercise test was performed by walking on a
      treadmill at a constant speed and grade according to a scheme of pseudo
      randomized sequence for 19 min. The dynamic property of heart rate response to
      exercise was evaluated by using a frequency analytic procedure. The exercise test
      was also studied in 21 age-matched normal controls without drug administration.
      Administration of calcium antagonists revealed no significant effects on heart
      rate and blood pressure at rest in young healthy subjects or in patients with
      vasospastic angina. Young volunteers showed the same normal properties of heart
      rate response to exercise before and after calcium antagonists. Vasospastic
      angina showed abnormal heart rate response to exercise and revealed
      characteristically different transfer function from that in normal controls.
      These characteristics were not affected by treatment with calcium antagonists
      except for a slight, uniform decrease of gain of the system over the whole
      frequency range. Accordingly, the present exercise test can feasibly be used in
      the diagnosis and management of vasospastic angina even when calcium antagonists
      are administered to the patients.

PMID- 4018918
TI  - Congenital absence of the circumflex coronary artery associated with dilated
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - We report the first autopsied case of congenital absence of the left circumflex
      coronary artery. The patient was a 12-year-old girl in whom the clinical
      diagnosis was idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. This type of heart disease is
      uncommon among children. The coexistence of the two conditions therefore suggests
      a possible aetiologic relationship between them. The pathological findings,
      however, do not support such an association. Rather, they suggest that they co
      exist by chance.

PMID- 4018919
TI  - Successful surgical repair of a patent arterial duct (ductus arteriosus) in a 63
      year-old woman.

PMID- 4018920
TI  - Congenital aortic atresia with intact ventricular septum and normal left
      ventricle. Diagnosis by cross-sectional echocardiography.

PMID- 4018921
TI  - An eclectic hypno-emotive approach to psychotherapy.

PMID- 4018922
TI  - German norms for the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A.

PMID- 4018923
TI  - Estimates of hypnotizability: standard group scale versus subjective impression
      in clinical populations.

PMID- 4018924
TI  - Hypnotizability as a factor in the hypnotic treatment of obesity.

PMID- 4018925
TI  - Evaluation of a brief group treatment package including hypnotic induction for
      maintenance of smoking cessation: a brief communication.

PMID- 4018926
TI  - The localization of antibiotics by continuous sucrose gradient density.
AB  - Rat kidney was homogenized and centrifuged by continuous sucrose gradient
      density. Aminoglycosides and beta-lactam antibiotics were localized in the
      lysosomes, whereas the localization of tetracyclines was in the mitochondria.
      This study demonstrated a technique for the localization of antibiotics in the
      subcellular fractions without the use of a radioactive tracer.

PMID- 4018927
TI  - Reversibility of antibiotic incorporation in large organelles of kidney cell.
AB  - Large organelles, namely mitochondria and lysosomes, were fractionated from rat
      kidney. Antibiotics were added to the fraction and recombinated with no
      antibiotic-containing supernatant fraction. Tetracycline was quickly dissolved
      from the large organelle fraction. Cephaloridine had more affinity to organelles
      than tetracycline. Binding of amikacin was strongest and partly irreversible when
      added in vivo.

PMID- 4018928
TI  - Neurosecretory response of hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis to spinal anesthesia,
      minor gynecological surgery and irradiation.
AB  - The effect of spinal anesthesia, dilatation and curettage plus the first
      intracavitary radiotherapy or only that of intracavitary radiotherapy on growth
      hormone (HGH = the response of anterior pituitary) and arginine vasopressin (AVP
      = the response of posterior pituitary) levels was studied in 10 patients
      suffering from cervical or endometrial uterine cancer. Differing from earlier
      animal studies, irradiation had no effect on GH or AVP secretion, nor was there
      any change in the hormone levels following spinal anesthesia and dilatation and
      curettage. The neurosecretory response of hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis to spinal
      anesthesia and minor gynecological surgery appears to be minimal.

PMID- 4018929
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of intramuscular tranexamic acid in
      man.
AB  - The bioavailability of tranexamic acid after the administration of a single
      intramuscular dose was estimated in three healthy male volunteers. 500 mg
      tranexamic acid were given intramuscularly and intravenously, as a bolus
      injection, to each subject on separate occasions. Following intramuscular
      administration, the peak plasma concentrations were attained after approximately
      one hour and the apparent elimination half-life was about two hours. The absolute
      bioavailability was 105.2 +/- 10.7% (mean +/- SD). At the dose given, the
      bioavailability of tranexamic acid after intramuscular administration is fast and
      complete.

PMID- 4018930
TI  - Chloroquine kinetics in normal and P. knowlesi infected rhesus monkeys.
AB  - A single oral dose of 20 mg/kg body weight of chloroquine was administered to
      normal and P. knowlesi infected Rhesus monkeys. The plasma chloroquine half-life
      was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in infected monkeys as compared to
      the normal monkeys. The clearance and volume of distribution were significantly
      decreased in the infected monkeys. The decreased elimination half-life of the
      drug in infected monkeys could be due to hepatic involvement during malaria
      infection.

PMID- 4018931
TI  - A simple approach to estimate the variability of individual plasma drug
      concentrations in patients at a standardized multiple dosing regimen.
AB  - Equations were derived to simulate the course of plasma drug concentration versus
      time curves for a multiple dosing regimen of drugs with a long biological half
      life in those cases when Vrel and t1/2 or k in a particular subject do not
      correspond to the average values underlying the calculation of a standard dose.
      Extreme course can be expected only when Vrel and t1/2 show deviation from the
      average values in the opposite direction. Thus, smaller Vrel and longer t1/2
      result in an increase, greater Vrel and shorter t1/2 in a decrease in plasma drug
      concentration after giving the standard dose. An analysis of the course of plasma
      drug concentration curves at the loading phase permits the estimation of the
      actual t1/2 in the particular subject. As an application example, the loading
      phase of digitoxin is presented. The procedure allows an individual dosage
      adjustment on the condition that plasma drug concentration in the particular
      subject can be monitored regularly.

PMID- 4018932
TI  - Hypercalcemia in 25 OH D3 treated patients receiving a calcium exchange resin.
AB  - Seven patients with advanced renal failure, six of whom were dialysed, received a
      cation exchange resin in the calcium cycle because of severe hyperkalemia,
      together with their usual preventive treatment of renal osteodystrophy, including
      25 hydroxycholecalciferol. Hypercalcemia developed in four subjects within less
      than thirty days and disappeared within four days following the withdrawal of the
      resin. Patients who exhibited hypercalcemia had higher calcium intake, lower
      predialysis blood calcium and higher PTH values before introduction of the
      treatment. Three of the four hypercalcemic patients were diabetics. It is
      therefore advised to frequently monitor blood calcium when using calcium exchange
      resin in patients treated with vitamin D analogs.

PMID- 4018933
TI  - Influence of drug therapy on bronchial hyperreactivity.
AB  - Bronchial hyperreactivity was confirmed in eleven nonselected patients with
      chronic respiratory disease during a period of quiescence by inhalative
      provocation with histamine. After one week's treatment with ketotifen a
      protective effect against the histamine-induced bronchospasm was observed in nine
      patients. The rapid appearance of this protective mechanism was demonstrated both
      in patients with exogenous and endogenous bronchial asthma and in the three
      patients with chronic bronchitis. Regardless of the fact that specific
      bronchospasmolysis is the main therapeutic measure, based on our experience the
      protective mechanism of mast-cell stabilizers as supplementary therapy is at
      present at an earlier point of time than is generally assumed.

PMID- 4018934
TI  - Hospital staff's perceptions of the alcoholic.
AB  - Hospital staff's perceptions of the characteristics of alcoholics were
      investigated by means of a questionnaire containing a set of 23 semantic
      differential scales on which they rated four types of patient: "the Alcoholic,"
      "the Nondrinker," "the Drug Addict," and "the Heavy Drinker." Factor analysis of
      the responses showed that types of patients were perceived in terms of three
      dimensions. Stability, Dangerousness, and Self-Assertiveness. In comparison with
      heavy drinkers, alcoholics were perceived by hospital staff in general as
      unstable, harmless, and self-effacing, though clerks tended to see them as more
      dangerous than did professionals. These perceptions are considered in relation to
      the respondent's own frequency of drinking. Finally, the explanation of these
      findings and their implications for clinical education and policy are discussed.

PMID- 4018935
TI  - A conceptual framework and treatment strategy for the alcoholic urge to drink
      utilizing hypnosis.
AB  - The present paper proposes a theoretical framework and a treatment strategy for
      dealing with the urges to drink that alcoholics experience during recovery. Two
      models are proposed: the Defense Model and the Conditioning Model. Each model
      covers a specific period of time during recovery in which the urges to drink
      occur. The Defense Model describes the urges that result in the initial recovery
      period, while the Conditioning Model is invoked to explain urges that materialize
      in the later phases of recovery. Next, a treatment strategy is delineated that
      incorporates these models and employs the use of hypnosis. The treatment strategy
      is divided into three phases, with the first and second phases dealing with the
      alcoholic's unconscious and the third phase being directed at the alcoholic's
      conscious.

PMID- 4018936
TI  - Ex-addict versus nonaddict counselors' knowledge of clients' drug use.
AB  - The accuracy of drug counselors' knowledge of their clients' drug use was
      assessed to determine whether counselor reports might constitute adequate
      research and evaluation data. Ex-addict paraprofessionals, non-ex-addict
      paraprofessionals, and degreed professional counselors (N = 82) reported on the
      drug use by 302 methadone maintenance and drug-free outpatient clients, as did
      the clients themselves. Counselor nonresponse rates to individual drug category
      items were acceptably low (less than or equal to 5%) for all but
      marijuana/hashish and over-the-counter drugs. Counselors' estimates of drug use
      rates at a group level were relatively accurate. However, reliability
      coefficients reflecting accuracy on a case-by-case basis were lower than
      desirable for use in prediction schemes for individual clients. Ex-addicts were
      overall somewhat more accurate than the other counselor groups.

PMID- 4018937
TI  - Issues of transference in methadone maintenance treatment.
AB  - Methadone maintenance treatment involves a great deal of governmental regulations
      and controls which have to be enforced by the clinician, thus having important
      transferential implications for therapy. This issue is explored on the basis of a
      case example, and recommendations are made to detach rule enforcement from
      therapy.

PMID- 4018938
TI  - Factors which differentiate cocaine users in treatment from nontreatment users.
AB  - This study compares a sample of cocaine users in drug treatment programs to a
      sample of cocaine users not in treatment. These samples were compared on: (1)
      level of cocaine use, (2) consequences of user, (3) employment, (4) social
      support system, and (5) criminal behavior. These attributes were related to being
      in treatment. Among intermediate-level cocaine users, friendship patterns,
      employment, and criminal history were associated with treatment status. The
      implications for the treatment of cocaine use are addressed.

PMID- 4018939
TI  - Attitudes toward smoking and smoking rate: implications for smoking
      discouragement.
AB  - Attitudes toward smoking were measured among nonsmokers and five levels of
      smokers (light to heavy). Of 13 attitude items, a relationship between attitudes
      and number of cigarettes smoked was found to exist in five, three of which dealt
      with smoking as a health risk. The results suggest that the more cigarettes a
      person smokes, the greater the likelihood of denial of the health hazards
      associated with smoking.

PMID- 4018940
TI  - Comparative admission and follow-up study of American Indians and whites in a
      youth chemical dependency unit on the North Central Plains.
AB  - In this study of drug-abusing young adults in North Dakota, we found that
      nonrural youth were more likely to be in a state treatment program than rural
      youth. We found few etiological differences between White and Indian Youth,
      although Indian youth were overrepresented tenfold. They could be described as
      young people in trouble at school and with the law, who were sexually involved
      but not religiously so. In a 6-month follow-up study, positive outcome data were
      much stronger for White than Indian patients, raising important questions about
      the effectiveness of such programs for the Indian patients.

PMID- 4018941
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of loop diuretics: a comparative study.
AB  - The authors performed two studies to clarify the characteristics, analogies and
      differences of three loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide and piretanide)
      aiming at more precise indications for their clinical use. In the first study,
      they compared bumetanide and piretanide by the method of compensated diuresis; in
      the second, they tested the three loop diuretics' efficacy in refractory ascites.
      The authors demonstrated that with the three substances analogous results were
      obtained when administered at equivalent doses and that only intensive diuresis
      was able to resolve refractory ascites.

PMID- 4018942
TI  - Adrenocortical function during prolonged treatment with clobetasone butyrate in
      children with chronic atopic dermatitis and elevated IgE levels.
AB  - Twelve children with chronic atopic dermatitis and elevated IgE levels (age
      range: 2-13 years; mean age = 8.2 +/- 3.5 years) were selected for the study and
      treated with clobetasone butyrate (0.05% cream) thrice daily during the first
      week, then twice daily for three weeks. Adrenocortical function was evaluated at
      the beginning and the end of treatment period. The results show that there was no
      statistically significant change in adrenal function during the study period
      (tetracosactrin test). The results of the immunological studies, namely total IgE
      using the paper disc radioimmunoassay technique, specific IgE using the
      radioallergosorbent test and immunoglobulin levels are given.

PMID- 4018943
TI  - Comparison between ranitidine and cimetidine in the short-term treatment of
      duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Two groups of 46 and 49 patients each with endoscopically proved duodenal ulcer
      and not previously treated, received ranitidine (150 mg X 2 daily) and cimetidine
      (1 g/day) respectively for eight weeks. The disappearance of the ulcer was
      observed endoscopically in 78% of both the first and second groups of patients.
      Of the ten patients non-responders to ranitidine, six were treated again for
      eight weeks with ranitidine and four with cimetidine for eight weeks; all of them
      recovered completely apart from one of the cimetidine treated patients. Of the 11
      patients non-responders to cimetidine, seven were retreated with cimetidine and 4
      with ranitidine for a further eight weeks and all of them obtained a complete
      recovery except for one of the cimetidine treated patients. No relevant side
      effects were observed with either drug. In conclusion cimetidine and ranitidine
      showed a comparable therapeutic value.

PMID- 4018944
TI  - Epidemiological basis for chemotherapy of human echinococcosis.
AB  - Cystic (E. granulosus) echinococcosis is an important medical problem in
      Mediterranean countries where the dog-sheep-dog strain predominates. This mainly
      man-made infection is susceptible to control programmes directed against the
      infections in dogs. In man, surgery still remains a major curative intervention.
      Some benzimidazole compounds (mebendazole, albendazole) are effective in some
      cases of cystic echinococcosis, however, further studies on more effective drugs
      are recommended. At present chemotherapy should be used only in inoperable cases
      of cystic echinococcosis in man. Alveolar (E. multilocularis) echinococcosis is
      diagnosed more and more frequently in some regions of Central Europe. Man cannot
      interfere much with the reservoir of E. multilocularis in wild life, but should
      be able to protect himself and his dogs against infection from natural foci. High
      doses of mebendazole taken continuously have shown to increase substantially the
      survival rate of infected patients. However, further studies are needed to
      improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and to make it available to all those
      patients who have not been cured by surgery.

PMID- 4018945
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of dibekacin in children with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Dosages and pharmacokinetics of dibekacin were studied in a group of 15 children
      with cystic fibrosis (CF) and a control group of 9 children. The mean dosage
      regimens of dibekacin were respectively equal to 2.19 mg/kg and 2.16 mg/kg in the
      CF and non-CF patients. The mean peak serum values for the CF and non-CF groups
      were respectively equal to 5.3 micrograms/ml. Comparison of pharmacokinetic
      parameters (i.e. half-life, distribution volume, total body clearance and area
      under the curve) showed no significant difference between the two groups (p
      greater than 0.05).

PMID- 4018946
TI  - Long-term intermittent netilmicin therapy of chronic pyelonephritis: a
      pharmacokinetic and clinical study.
AB  - A trial was conducted with long-term intermittent netilmicin therapy in six
      patients suffering from chronic pyelonephritis. Netilmicin was given in full dose
      for a period of 3-10 days (2-6 mg/kg/day), followed by 2 mg/kg doses once or
      twice weekly for 3-6 months. Individual doses were determined by computer based
      on the age, sex, lean body weight and serum creatinine concentrations of the
      patients. During the full-dose period of treatment netilmicin concentrations in
      serum were between 2 and 16 mg/l in serum and between 50 and 200 mg/l in urine.
      During intermittent treatment serum levels remained below 2 mg/l (except for 8-12
      hours after dosing); in the urine concentrations were permanently in therapeutic
      ranges (150-4 mg/l). Renal tissue levels were simulated. Six to 12 months after
      long-term netilmicin treatment all patients are abacteriuric and free from
      symptoms. No auditory or renal toxic effects occurred.

PMID- 4018947
TI  - Plasma levels and urinary excretion of verapamil, norverapamil, N
      dealkylverapamil (D617), N-dealkylnorverapamil (D620) following oral
      administration of a slow-release preparation.
AB  - The kinetics of verapamil and of its N-dealkylated metabolites (norverapamil,
      D617, D620) were studied in six cardiac patients with normal cardiac indexes
      after 120 mg oral administration of the drug both as conventional preparation and
      as slow-release preparation. Following a dose of the slow-release preparation,
      the drug concentration curves were smoother and the mean bioavailability was
      lower in comparison with the conventional preparation. A patient taking inducing
      agents (phenobarbital and phenytoin) exhibited a strikingly low bioavailability.
      Following administration of the conventional preparation, the mean plasma half
      lives of verapamil, norverapamil, D617 and D620 were 4.4, 6.6, 8.5, and 15.8 h
      respectively and the drug concentrations showed a triexponential decay. Urinary
      excretion data indicate that a saturation phenomenon may occur at level of renal
      tubular transport and that a competition may be suspected between D620 and the
      other compounds. It is concluded that various mechanisms, i.e. changes in hepatic
      and renal clearances, occurrence of a deep compartment, and the properties of the
      pharmaceutical preparation may affect verapamil kinetics during long-term
      treatment.

PMID- 4018948
TI  - Neuromuscular disorders associated with D-penicillamine treatment for rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Three cases of D-penicillamine (DPA) induced myasthenia gravis (MG) and one case
      of DPA-induced polymyositis (PM) are reported among four patients suffering from
      seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. The cumulative doses responsible for the three
      DPA-induced MG cases amounted respectively to 73, 117 and 467 g. The cumulative
      dose responsible for the DPA-induced PM case amounted to 465 g. All the patients
      were HLA DR1. All four cases healed completely after withdrawal of DPA. The
      aetiology of the cases is discussed and the literature is reviewed. These cases
      represent further instances of DPA-induced neuromuscular disorders.

PMID- 4018949
TI  - Absorption and disposition kinetics of flunoxaprofen and benoxaprofen in healthy
      volunteers.
AB  - Flunoxaprofen is a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent that, like
      benoxaprofen, inhibits leukotriene rather than prostaglandin synthesis. The
      absorption and disposition kinetics of flunoxaprofen and benoxaprofen have been
      compared in six healthy volunteers after oral administration of 100 mg of each
      drug. The two drugs showed similar absorption characteristics, whereas the
      distribution and elimination processes were much faster for flunoxaprofen. The
      renal route of elimination appeared to contribute significantly less to the
      disposition of flunoxaprofen. These kinetic characteristics render less likely
      the risk of excessive drug accumulation with flunoxaprofen, especially in the
      presence of reduced renal function.

PMID- 4018950
TI  - Pharmacokinetic aspects of cerebrospinal fluid penetration of fosfomycin.
AB  - Even today antibiotic therapy of postoperative or posttraumatic meningitis
      remains a problem. In patients in a neurosurgical intensive care unit, nosocomial
      microorganisms with high resistance are mainly found. There are no antibiotics
      available which have simultaneously a good efficacy on the higher resistant
      nosocomial microorganisms and a good penetration through the blood-brain or blood
      cerebrospinal fluid barrier. We analysed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      penetration of fosfomycin carrying out the investigations in patients in whom a
      CSF drainage was required for a neurosurgical indication. The blood-brain barrier
      was considered to be largely intact (total CSF protein and cell counts with in
      the normal range). Five or 10 g fosfomycin were administered to adults in 30 min
      infusions. After administration of 5 g, the CSF concentration formed a plateau
      between 8.6 and 9.9 micrograms/ml 3 to 6 h after the infusion. Increasing the
      dose infused (10 g) markedly shortened the latency period between reaching a
      sufficient concentration of fosfomycin in the CSF. With repeated doses of
      fosfomycin (3 X 5 g/day) the concentration in the CSF did not fall below the
      therapeutic level. Even in the presence of an intact blood-brain barrier,
      fosfomycin in our investigation showed a satisfactory penetration into the CSF.
      This is attributable to the favourable physicochemical state of fosfomycin
      (relative molecular mass 182).

PMID- 4018951
TI  - Clinical study on the efficacy of clofoctol in the treatment of infectious
      respiratory diseases.
AB  - The effectiveness and the safety of a new chemotherapeutic phenol derivative,
      clofoctol, was evaluated in adult hospitalized patients affected by infectious
      diseases of the bronchopulmonary tract. The clinical diagnosis included acute
      exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia,
      bronchopneumonia and lung cavitary neoplasm. Expectoration, cough, dyspnoea,
      respiratory murmur and body temperature were considered as clinical factors to
      which an arbitrary score was given. Functional respiratory parameters including
      FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC X 100 were also evaluated. All the patients were treated
      rectally with clofoctol 1500 mg daily for five days. Bacterial evidence of
      infection was obtained by sputum culture, which was repeated at the end of
      treatment. At that time, bacteriological results were 72.4% disappearance of
      baseline pathogens, 20.7% persistence of baseline pathogens and 6.9% presence of
      different organisms. Functional respiratory parameters were found to be
      significantly improved by treatment. Clinical results, arbitrarily evaluated on
      the basis of the overall assessment of laboratory and functional data, were
      excellent in 33.3%, good in 44.4%, fair in 5.6% and poor in 16.7% of patients.
      Tolerance was generally good; side-effects included maculopapular rash in 2
      patients and rectal disturbances in 10 patients. In conclusion, for the treatment
      of bronchopulmonary diseases clofoctol offers an interesting alternative to
      antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 4018952
TI  - Chemoprophylaxis of postoperative infections in colorectal surgery.
AB  - Colorectal surgery involves a high risk of postoperative infections. The major
      risk factors can be reduced by appropriate preparation of the patient for the
      operation. Mechanical removal of gross faecal material from the bowel, possible
      before most elective operations, does not sufficiently reduce the incidence of
      postoperative infections. Prophylactic medication has not yet been widely
      accepted, although its effectiveness has been confirmed by a number of studies.
      Preoperative management of patients subjected to colorectal surgery at our
      institution in the last three years, consisted of mechanical cleansing of the
      intestinal tract for two days, followed by rapid intravenous administration of
      gentamicin 80 mg and metronidazole 500 mg in a single dose, 30 min to 1 h before
      the operation. From 1971 to 1973, the postoperative infection rate in 432
      patients submitted to elective colorectal surgery was 29%. During the period 1981
      1983, operations of the same kind were performed in 572 patients, the infection
      rate being 15%. Prophylactic single-dose administration of gentamicin in
      combination with metronidazole has proved to be very effective in reducing
      postoperative infections.

PMID- 4018953
TI  - Review of the experience with cefotaxime in surgical prophylaxis.
AB  - Besides being of benefit to the individual patient protected from complications
      in a variety of surgical procedures, antibiotic prophylaxis is cost effective and
      so also benefits the community. Whereas some authors recommend that third
      generation cephalosporins should not be used for prophylaxis, but be reserved for
      treatment of serious infections, others are of the opinion that the higher
      activity and broader spectrum of these antibiotics would protect more patients
      more effectively from postoperative infections, especially when the surgical
      procedure is indicated for prophylaxis and the antibiotic chosen is well
      tolerated. According to the references screened, surgical procedures are
      classified into three groups where: third generation cephalosporins should not be
      used, they are as equally effective as conventional agents, they--like cefotaxime
      -convey definitely additional benefit.

PMID- 4018954
TI  - Topical nitrogen mustard in mycosis fungoides.
AB  - A twelve-year experience in thirty-three patients suffering from early mycosis
      fungoides in the plaque stage confirmed the effectiveness of topical nitrogen
      mustard (chlormethine) therapy. Fourteen patients were in complete remission at
      the latest time of observation and seven in partial remission. The probability of
      freedom from relapse was approximately 50% after 6 and 12 years. Three deaths
      attributable to mycosis fungoides were recorded. Another three patients had to
      discontinue treatment due to contact dermatitis to nitrogen mustard. Specific
      precautions were undertaken in order to protect personnel handling the drug. No
      damaging or toxic effects were observed among staff and no haematological side
      effects were observed among the patients. The treatment as a whole was well
      tolerated.

PMID- 4018955
TI  - Treatment of dyslipidaemia with a simple low fat diet and with a combination of a
      low fat diet and a formulation containing soybean protein.
AB  - The first approach to treatment of dyslipidaemia is with diet. Currently,
      modified soybean protein is often included in the diet. A study was made of 32
      patients with types IIa and IIb dyslipidaemia to see what changes in blood lipids
      could be induced by a simple low fat diet and a diet with modified soybean
      protein substituted for part of the animal protein. After six weeks on the
      initial low fat diet, all of the patients had lower total cholesterol and
      triglyceride levels, but there were no significant changes in the high density
      lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The same diet was continued for eight weeks by 19
      of the patients, who continued to improve. The 13 patients who had shown the
      least response to the initial simple low protein diet were given a diet in which
      the animal protein was partially replaced with modified soybean protein. This
      diet further decreased the total cholesterol.

PMID- 4018956
TI  - Slow-release lithium in treatment of schizoaffective syndromes.
AB  - Schizoaffective disorders are a blurred category of psychiatric pathology in
      which lithium seems to exert therapeutic effects. The present study was made on
      patients suffering from affective syndromes with positive schizophrenic symptoms
      ranging from none to severe. They were hospitalized because of an acute episode,
      treated with a slow-release lithium preparation (Hypnorex) following the attack
      therapy and followed up for a mean period of two years. Diagnosis were done
      according to the American Psychiatric Association diagnostic and statistical
      manual of mental disorders (DSM III) criteria, while clinical evaluations were
      carried out on the basis of an original lithium therapy assessment protocol.
      Lithium was demonstrated to be prophylactic to relapses of affective symptoms,
      its effectiveness as a whole being proportional to the purity of the major
      affective disorder. Slow release lithium was found a reliable pharmaceutical tool
      in both providing therapeutic results and avoiding severe side-effects. The
      therapeutic range of lithium serum levels was within 0.5-0.6 mEq/l. It is
      hypothesized that the response to lithium therapy could be a guide in the
      differential diagnosis between schizoaffective and schizoaffective-like
      syndromes.

PMID- 4018957
TI  - The natural history of jumper's knee. Patellar or quadriceps tendonitis.
AB  - We have reviewed the clinical records and the results of conservative and
      surgical treatment of 125 out of 172 cases of Jumper's Knee followed for at least
      2 years since the onset of symptoms. All were athletes involved in various
      sporting activities. At follow up 15 patients had given up sport and the lesion
      had healed spontaneously. We used the classification of Blazina et al as modified
      by Roels et al. Twenty-four patients were in stage 1, 42 in stage 2, 43 in stage
      3 and one in stage 4. Conservative treatment was used primarily on all patients
      with one exception where the tendon had ruptured. The results were very good in
      42, good in 32, and poor in 43, but in 36 patients a long period of rest and
      reduction in sporting activity was necessary before a significant improvement was
      obtained. Operation was carried out on 16 patients (19 knees), 18 were in stage 3
      and one in stage 4. Various surgical techniques were used. The results were very
      good in 7 knees, good in 5 and poor in 7. Operation is indicated after the
      failure of conservative measures and in patients who do not want to reduce their
      sporting level. The aim should be to induce healing at the bone tendon junction.
      We emphasize the importance of the prevention of jumper's knee in athletes.

PMID- 4018958
TI  - Fractures of the cervical spine in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - In the years 1965-1982, 33 patients with traumatic cervical spine injury in
      ankylosing spondylitis were treated in the Spinal Department of the
      Rehabilitation Clinic at Konstancin, Poland. This paper describes the causes of
      vertebral injury, the level and degree of spinal cord damage and the method and
      results of treatment. Injury of the ankylosed spine is often a consequence of
      minor trauma, such as a stumble in the street, but the damage to the spinal cord
      is often complete or extensive. Complete injuries of the spinal cord with
      subsequent disturbance of the autonomic system are likely to lead to the
      development of respiratory disorders, aggravated by the pathological changes
      associated with ankylosing spondylitis when the chest is fixed in the exhaling
      position. This may often lead to death.

PMID- 4018959
TI  - A new type of intramedullary nail for the internal fixation of subtrochanteric
      fractures of the femur.
AB  - The Author has developed a modified intramedullary nail for the stabilisation of
      fractures in the subtrochanteric and proximal one-third of the femur. Due to its
      three tapered fins the rod fits well into the funnel-like medullary cavity of the
      proximal femur preventing varus or rotational displacement of the proximal
      fragment. This method has been applied in 16 cases. Its particular advantages are
      the chance to perform the operation closed, a short operating time and period in
      hospital, early weight bearing and a simple surgical technique without the need
      for special instrumentation, requiring little radiographic exposure during
      surgery. The ideal and relative indications for the application of the technique
      are discussed. Biomechanical tests have confirmed that the finned medullary nail
      is the most stable method of fixation of the fractures when compared with other
      alternative devices.

PMID- 4018960
TI  - [Lamellar rotation osteotomy of the tibia in children].
AB  - The authors describe the technique and results obtained by a derotation osteotomy
      of the tibia in children. The method is simple, reliable and does not require
      internal fixation. It is suitable for dealing with deformity following
      poliomyelitis, and may also be used to treat tibial torsion which fails to
      correct with growth in children who are otherwise healthy.

PMID- 4018961
TI  - The Larsen syndrome occurring in four generations of one family.
AB  - Details of eight (possibly nine) patients with autosomal dominant inheritance of
      the Larsen Syndrome are reported. They are from four generations of one family
      and particular reference is made to their complex foot deformities.

PMID- 4018962
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine.
AB  - Aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine are uncommon. In the English language
      literature, there have been less than one hundred reported cases. We present five
      examples, all of which arose in a vertebral body. One case is the first reported
      arising from the coccyx; one presented at the sixth thoracic vertebral body with
      complete paraplegia and two with extremely large abdominal masses and
      catastrophic bleeding during attempted open biopsy. All were resected by a one
      stage anterior or combined anterior-posterior approach. Two cases were treated
      with preoperative irradiation because of profuse, life-threatening bleeding
      during biopsy, and 4 weeks later complete anterior excision was carried out
      without difficulty.

PMID- 4018963
TI  - Curettage of benign lesions of bone. Factors related to recurrence.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 155 patients with different types of benign lesions
      of bone, the rate of recurrence following simple curettage was analysed in
      relation to sex, age, histological type, the location and the size of the tumour,
      and the type of bone graft used at operation. All patients were followed for a
      minimum of 2 years, 131 (85%) for 5 years and 101 (65%) for 10 years or more. The
      overall rate of recurrence was 23%. All recurrences except one were within 6
      years of the initial operation, 80% within 3 years and 49% within 1 year. The
      overall rate of cure using curettage as the sole treatment, although repeated
      several times in some cases, was 95%. Only 5% of the patients required more
      extensive surgery, such as local resection (6 cases) and amputation (1 case), to
      control the tumour. The histological type and the sex of the patient proved to be
      the only factors statistically related to recurrence, although with solitary
      cysts the age of the patient was also relevant. Significantly higher recurrence
      occurred with giant cell tumours and aneurysmal bone cysts, in females, and with
      solitary cysts in patients under 9 years of age. This study of histologically
      different benign lesions treated in a uniform manner at a single centre shows
      that the rate of recurrence is strongly related to the type of tumour. The choice
      of treatment in patients with benign lesions of bone should be dictated by the
      histological appearance of the lesion. More extensive surgical procedures may not
      be necessary but other measures may be used in addition to curettage.

PMID- 4018964
TI  - Vertebral osteoid osteoma. A case report.
AB  - The early diagnosis of vertebral osteoid osteoma is frequently delayed due to the
      absence of radiographic changes. A bone scan is more helpful because it shows an
      increased uptake of isotope when plain radiographs still appear normal. The use
      of computed tomography will confirm the diagnosis, allow precise delineation of
      the lesion and enable planning of the correct operation.

PMID- 4018965
TI  - Complications with antibiotics used prophylactically in joint replacement
      surgery: a case report of cephradine-induced pseudomembranous colitis.
AB  - A woman underwent joint replacement surgery with prophylactic antibiotic cover,
      and subsequently died as a result of pseudomembranous colitis. We have noted a
      high incidence of antibiotic diarrhoea with cephradine, and suggest that if
      administration of prophylactic antibiotics is restricted to 3 days or less, the
      incidence of diarrhoea would diminish, and the therapeutic value of the
      antibiotics would be maintained.

PMID- 4018966
TI  - Posterior intertransverse fusion assessed clinically and with biplanar
      radiography.
AB  - Biplanar radiography was used to assess bony union after intertransverse fusion.
      The patients were assessed clinically and the fusion status was compared with the
      clinical result. Posterolateral intertransverse fusion was shown to be capable of
      fusing the motion segment almost completely. However, the strictly measured
      fusion rate was only 27%, but this increased to 91% when partial fusions were
      included. The fusion rate from conventional plain films assessed by the
      radiologist was 82%, which is similar to other reports. On clinical examination,
      a satisfactory result was obtained in 82%, but there was no clear correlation
      with fusion status.

PMID- 4018967
TI  - Soft disc herniation of the cervical spine.
AB  - The definition of soft disc hernia of the cervical spine is not always clear, so
      we have studied 34 cases where soft disc material was extruded or had migrated
      outside the intervertebral space. There were 22 cases of the paracentral-central
      type and 12 cases of the posterolateral type. The diagnosis was made by
      discography using anteroposterior, lateral and both oblique radiographs. All the
      patients complained of pain or discomfort in the neck or the interscapular region
      which was increased by the neck compression test and reproduced during
      discography. Severe pain in the area was present in all the cases of the
      posterolateral type and in about half of the paracentral-central type. Cord
      signs, such as increased reflexes in the lower limbs, were found in 15 cases of
      the paracentral-central type and in 5 cases of the posterolateral type. These
      signs correlated with the width of the spinal canal and the amount of prolapsed
      disc material. Discography and reproduction of pain were most useful for the
      diagnosis of this type of hernia. It has now become possible to differentiate the
      paracentral type from the central type by performing computerised tomography
      scanning after discography. We treated 12 cases conservatively and 22 cases
      surgically, and obtained good results in both groups.

PMID- 4018968
TI  - The treatment of brachial plexus injuries.
AB  - The author describes 1068 patients with brachial plexus lesions who were referred
      to him during a period of 18 years. Seventy two percent of the injuries were
      caused by road traffic accidents. Traction or crush injuries were the usual type
      encountered. They may occur at five levels above, behind and below the clavicle.
      Of 329 patients who underwent operation, 23% had an associated injury of a major
      vessel and 80% had multiple injuries elsewhere. The operative approach preferred
      is described and the principles governing the choice of nerve repair, nerve graft
      and nerve transfer are discussed. The details of the problems encountered and the
      procedures carried out in this group of patients are given, and the results
      obtained are closely analysed. In about 15% of supraclavicular injuries
      reconstruction of the plexus is worthwhile. The results in infraclavicular
      lesions are much better with a high level of success if treated early. Only 5
      patients had direct lacerations of nerves of the plexus and another 5 had
      suffered gunshot wounds. Only 11 out of 80 cases of obstetric palsy seen since
      1976 have been operated on. The majority of the patients were seen late. At
      operation similar lesions were encountered as in adults, and useful improvement
      was obtained in some cases. In post-irradiation lesions of the plexus good
      results may be obtained if operation is undertaken early. Otherwise surgery
      should only be performed to relieve severe pain.

PMID- 4018969
TI  - Posterior dislocation of the shoulder with a large anteromedial defect of the
      head of the humerus. A case report.
AB  - A new surgical technique for treating a posterior dislocation of the shoulder
      with a large anteromedial defect of the humeral head is described; it can be
      applied to those very severe dislocations that might otherwise be considered to
      need replacement or arthrodesis. A transverse osteotomy below the surgical neck
      of the humerus with lateral rotation of the head into anteversion limits medial
      rotation and this prevents the edge of the defect impinging on the posterior edge
      of the glenoid to cause redislocation.

PMID- 4018970
TI  - De Quervain's disease. An ultrastructural study.
AB  - The tendon sheaths of extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus
      (APL), obtained from four patients with de Quervain's disease were studied by
      light and electron microscopy. Three different layers were identified in the
      sheath which was much thicker than normal. Both the outer and the middle layers
      had thick bundles of collagen fibres with scattered fibroblasts. The inner layer
      was mainly formed by chondroid and myxomatous tissue. Collagen fibrils were
      thicker than normal, reaching 2100 nm in diameter. Numerous cells which resembled
      "myofibroblasts" were scattered throughout the whole thickness of the sheath. The
      results seem to indicate that thickening and hardening of the EPB and APL tendon
      sheaths in de Quervain's disease is caused by increased synthesis of the
      extracellular matrix, increased thickness of the collagen fibrils and areas of
      myxomatous and chondroid metaplasia.

PMID- 4018971
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the ischium.
AB  - The treatment of a patient with an aneurysmal bone cyst involving the pelvis by
      selective arterial embolism is described. After one year pain relief is complete
      and radiologically the lesion is healing with increased density of the cyst wall
      and intracystic trabecular bone formation.

PMID- 4018972
TI  - Liposarcoma: a ten year experience.
AB  - A retrospective study of all patients presenting with liposarcoma at Southend
      General Hospital between the years 1970 and 1979 is presented. There were 13
      patients in the group treated with various combinations of surgery and
      radiotherapy. The histology has been reviewed: 7 patients had myxoid tumours, 2
      well differentiated and 4 pleomorphic. The patients were followed up for between
      18-109 months with 7 patients followed for more than 5 years. Local recurrence
      was seen only in myxoid tumours whereas pleomorphic tumours showed a high
      incidence of distant metastases. The length of survival was found to correlate
      with the histology, pleomorphic tumours being associated with the shortest
      survival. The series illustrates that the histological type of liposarcoma
      predicts the pattern of behaviour of the tumour and is the major determinant in
      prognosis.

PMID- 4018973
TI  - Patellofemoral function in total condylar knee arthroplasty.
AB  - A series of 100 total condylar knee arthroplasties was studied to determine
      radiographic and clinical patellofemoral function. Before operation there was
      lateral patellar tilt in 31 cases and lateral displacement in 52. After operation
      tilt was present in 8 and displacement in 14. Only a few patients had medial
      patellar displacement. Dislocation or fracture of the patella was not
      encountered. Six patients had postoperative patellar pain. In one case there was
      a radiolucent zone at the bone-cement interface in the patella, without pain.
      Patellofemoral function before operation was good in 3, fair in 54, and poor in
      43 cases. After operation it was good in 88 and fair in 12. Both tilt and
      displacement slightly reduced postoperative patellofemoral function. Patellar
      reconstruction with the total condylar prosthesis shows reasonably good tolerance
      of moderate malpositioning of the patellar prosthesis, affords sufficient
      stability and usually painless patellofemoral function.

PMID- 4018974
TI  - Osteochondral hemiarthroplasty. An experimental investigation in baboons.
AB  - Hemiarthroplasty using osteochondral autografts and allografts were performed on
      40 hip, 23 knee and 5 shoulder joints in baboons. Follow-up at one, two and three
      years revealed good results as assessed by clinical and radiological examination.
      Histological and radionuclide studies revealed cartilage viability in 70 to 80%
      of cases.

PMID- 4018975
TI  - Abstracts of the Third International Conference on Immunopharmacology. Florence,
      Italy, 6-9 May 1985.

PMID- 4018976
TI  - Alcohol and the skin.

PMID- 4018977
TI  - Clubbing of the fingers.

PMID- 4018978
TI  - Is there a South American pemphigus?

PMID- 4018979
TI  - Chromomycosis in Zaire.
AB  - Biopsy specimens from 17 Zairians with chromomycosis are described. Patients
      ranged in age from 20 to 50 years, with a mean of 37.2 (+/- 10.2). Chromomycosis
      was suspected clinically in only 3 of the 17 patients. In 14 patients the lesions
      were on the lower limbs and in 3 on the arms. The lesions were chronic, in one
      patient persisting for 9 years. The diagnosis was established in each patient by
      finding typical thick-walled brown fungi within the lesions. Some fungi were in
      abscesses, others were in histiocytes or giant cells. The fungi and the
      inflammatory reaction were concentrated in the upper dermis. Acanthosis,
      hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis were constant features and
      pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) was a feature in 10 patients.
      Transepithelial elimination (TEE) of fungi was a conspicuous feature in eight
      specimens. Microscopic features suggested TEE in an additional three. PEH and TEE
      were associated in all specimens. In patients with TEE, the diagnosis may be
      confirmed quickly by smearing surface scrapings and finding the characteristic
      brown fungi.

PMID- 4018980
TI  - Epidemiologic approach to community dermatology.
AB  - A survey on communicable dermatoses in economically weak villages in India showed
      wide variations in prevalence rates in similar ecologic setup. A skin diseases,
      on-spot-treatment, 1-day-camp was organized to treat 1787 subjects in five
      villages. Two applications of 1% lindane 1 week apart was the only treatment used
      without attending to hygiene for scabies and pediculosis. Application of 1%
      gentian violet with four daily doses of sulfamethoxy-pysidazine was administered
      for pyoderma. The cure rate for scabies and pediculosis was 86%. Epidemiologic
      determinants of communicable dermatoses are the most important factors in the
      practice of community dermatology.

PMID- 4018981
TI  - Concurrent development of pemphigus foliaceus and psoriasis.

PMID- 4018982
TI  - Pure neural leprosy diagnosed in the United States.

PMID- 4018983
TI  - Familial keratotic papular lesions on the chin.

PMID- 4018984
TI  - A marsupialization procedure for repair of large cutaneous surgical wounds.
AB  - An open method of surgical management of large postoperative surgical excision
      defects of the head and neck is a pragmatic alternative to more conventional
      methods of management.

PMID- 4018985
TI  - Epidermolysis bullosa. Assessment of a treatment regimen.
AB  - Nineteen patients with a variety of types of epidermolysis bullosa were initially
      assessed in an open study of a treatment regime for the genetic type of
      epidermolysis bullosa. Nine of the ten patients admitted to the hospital for
      treatment showed definite objective improvement with decreased number of blisters
      and increased rate of healing of blisters. The mean percentage decrease in
      blister numbers from the time of admission until discharge from hospital was 76%.
      Sixteen patients were followed as outpatients for 5-11 months. Two patients
      continued to show objective improvement, while eight reported more rapid healing
      of their blisters. Six patients failed to improve. This treatment has a
      beneficial effect in inpatients with epidermolysis bullosa. The improvement may
      be due to the intense topical treatment rather than to a specific item of the
      therapy. In the long term, this treatment has little effect on the formation of
      new blisters, but an accelerated healing of blisters is reported by 50% of the
      patients.

PMID- 4018986
TI  - The challenge of rural dermatologic care in developing countries.

PMID- 4018987
TI  - Indoor air pollution and its effect on pulmonary function of adult non-smoking
      women: I. Exposure estimates for nitrogen dioxide and passive smoking.
AB  - The potential effects of indoor NO2 and tobacco smoke on the respiratory system
      were studied using pulmonary function data from a longitudinal study. In 1982,
      NO2 was measured in 163 homes of non-smoking adult women and detailed information
      on smoking inside the house was gathered over the period 1965-1982. Personal
      exposure to NO2 was calculated from the measured levels and the activity pattern
      of the study population (range 11-139 micrograms NO2/m3). Historical exposure was
      estimated using regression models of NO2 on house characteristics. It is shown
      that estimation of historical exposure to indoor NO2 on the basis of house
      characteristics only is, at present, too inaccurate for use in epidemiological
      studies. Actual measurement of NO2 is unavoidable for exposure assessment in
      health effect studies of indoor exposure to NO2.

PMID- 4018988
TI  - Indoor air pollution and its effect on pulmonary function of adult non-smoking
      women: II. Associations between nitrogen dioxide and pulmonary function.
AB  - The association between nitrogen dioxide levels in homes and pulmonary function
      of 97 non-smoking adult women was investigated in a rural area in the
      Netherlands. The study population was a sub-sample of a longitudinal field study
      on chronic non-specific lung diseases which was started in 1965. Pulmonary
      function tests were performed at three-yearly intervals. NO2 was measured for one
      week in the winter in kitchen, living room and bedroom of each home. Cross
      sectional analyses showed negative associations between NO2 exposure and several
      pulmonary function parameters as measured in the 1982 study. No significant
      association could be found between NO2 exposure and pulmonary function decline
      since the start of the study.

PMID- 4018989
TI  - Indoor air pollution and its effect on pulmonary function of adult non-smoking
      women: III. Passive smoking and pulmonary function.
AB  - The association between pulmonary function and exposure to tobacco smoke in the
      home was investigated in a sample of adult, non-smoking women living in a rural
      area. The women were all participants in a large longitudinal survey on the
      natural history and determinants of chronic non-specific lung disease. On cross
      sectional analysis, several pulmonary function parameters were found to be
      significantly associated with exposure to tobacco smoke in the home. There was no
      association between exposure and pulmonary function decline.

PMID- 4018990
TI  - Hypertension and sources of blood pressure variability among Mexican-Americans in
      Starr County, Texas.
AB  - Previous investigations have established that the Mexican-American community of
      south Texas has a three- to five-fold elevated risk for non-insulin dependent
      diabetes mellitus when compared to the US population as a whole. In addition,
      evidence points to similarly increased risks of the related disorders,
      hypertension and obesity. In this paper, age- and sex-specific rates of
      borderline and definite hypertension among 1931 Mexican-Americans aged 15 years
      and above based on a single, at-home blood pressure determination are reported.
      Observed rates of definite hypertension are uniformly lower than the US
      population while borderline hypertension is correspondingly higher for all age
      and sex strata yielding overall prevalences of hypertension which are not
      significantly different. The Starr sample, however, has one and one-third times
      as many individuals taking hypertensive medications so that the true rate of
      hypertension is likely to be higher. Examining sources of blood pressure
      variability using analyses of covariance indicate that age has the most
      significant effect. A direct measure of body size was not available, but
      classification based on simple silhouettes representing body form is shown to be
      the next most significant effect. Furthermore, the silhouettes appear to provide
      nearly an equivalent amount of information as does the body mass index as an
      empirical predictor of blood pressure variability. Diabetic classification is a
      significant effect for systolic blood pressure in females, but not for males or
      for diastolic pressure in either.

PMID- 4018991
TI  - Cholesterol intake as measured by unquantified and quantified food frequency
      interviews: implications for epidemiological research.
AB  - A number of dietary assessment methods have been developed for epidemiological
      investigations. The general tendency has been to strive for methods that are
      sufficiently simple to implement in a fairly large sample of respondents and yet
      are able to measure dietary intakes with an acceptable degree of reliability.
      Concomitantly, methodological studies are needed to determine whether the various
      methods can be used interchangeably. This study compares the unquantified and
      quantified food frequency interview methods for measuring cholesterol intake on
      4638 subjects from a multi-ethnic population in Hawaii. The methods were only
      modestly related, with product-moment correlation of 0.36 for men and 0.30 for
      women. The unquantified frequency method tended to yield a higher cholesterol
      value than did the quantified frequency method among lower level consumers,
      whereas the opposite was true for higher level consumers. These findings suggest
      that unquantified frequency methods cannot be used interchangeably with
      corresponding quantified frequency methods in studies of association between
      dietary cholesterol and disease occurrence.

PMID- 4018992
TI  - Drinking water source and mortality in US cities.
AB  - An apparent excess risk of all-cancer mortality among 473 of the largest US
      cities was found in relation to surface drinking water supplies. The increased
      risk for 100% surface water versus 100% ground water use was slight, about 2%,
      but statistically significant. This finding agrees with reports from several
      earlier studies in smaller geographical regions of the US, Great Britain and
      Canada. A relationship was further supported by the replication of this
      association within the larger of the 11 independent regions studied. Our data
      suggest that the association with surface water may be specific to cancer
      mortality. The increased risk would be expected to be greater than 2% if analyses
      were restricted to cancers of sites previously related to the use of surface
      drinking water.

PMID- 4018994
TI  - The reliability of reported suicide mortality statistics: an experience from
      Belgium.
AB  - To assess the reliability of official Belgian suicide statistics in
      epidemiological comparisons on national and district level, various mortality
      indicators for suicide, undetermined deaths, accidental poisoning deaths and
      'estimated' suicide in 1968-1972 and 1978-1981 were compared. Results did not
      reveal important bias on national comparisons by underreporting. But the biased
      distribution of undetermined deaths among the 43 geographical entities
      (districts) suggests that the assumption about constancy of underreporting is not
      always met and has to be checked if possible. Nevertheless, the numerical weight
      of the underreporting categories was not found heavy enough to bias the
      geographical suicide pattern in Belgium.

PMID- 4018993
TI  - Mortality among New Zealand Maori and non-Maori Mormons.
AB  - Mortality rates for New Zealand Maori and non-Maori Mormons in the period 1970-77
      have been compared with those for non-Mormons in the census year 1976 to measure
      the impact of the Mormon lifestyle on differences in mortality between Maoris and
      non-Maoris. Maori mortality was much lower among Mormons than non-Mormons
      suggesting that environmental, rather than genetic factors, play a predominant
      role in the relatively high overall Maori mortality. However the prevalence of
      smoking among Maori Mormons was not much lower than for the general Maori
      population. Reasons for the relative mortality advantage of Maori Mormons were
      therefore not clear, although attitudes to health and health services
      utilization, and the influence of strong social support networks, might be
      involved. Paradoxically, non-Maori Mormon mortality rates were similar to those
      for non-Mormons. A combination of factors appeared to contribute to this finding
      including the fact that 26% of non-Maori Mormons were of Pacific Island origin,
      non-Maori Mormons were of lower socioeconomic status than other non-Maoris, and
      part Maoris probably constitute a high, but unknown, proportion of Mormons
      classified as non-Maoris.

PMID- 4018995
TI  - Mseleni joint disease in 1981: decreased prevalence rates, wider geographical
      location than before, and socioeconomic impact of an endemic osteoarthrosis in an
      underdeveloped community in South Africa.
AB  - Mseleni joint disease (MJD), an endemic osteoarthrosis, was first described in
      1970, localized to Kwa Zulu, South Africa. In 1981 another survey was conducted
      (1) to see whether prevalence had changed, (2) to estimate the prevalence in
      areas not previously surveyed and (3) to estimate its socioeconomic impact. A 5%
      stratified random sample of homesteads was selected and five local interviewers
      surveyed 333 kraals, interviewing 333 individuals, obtaining information on 3368
      live members of these homesteads. Overall prevalence rates were 7.4% in 1566
      females and 3.0% in 1179 males (age or sex unknown in 623). The previously
      affected area still had the highest prevalence rates, but they were significantly
      lower than before, even if only residents of at least ten years' duration were
      considered. These consistently lower age-specific prevalence rates are compatible
      with a decline in incidence rate, possibly because of disappearance of an
      environmental causal agent. Prevalence rates for females in some areas not
      previously surveyed were between 5 and 10%, suggesting that a larger area than
      stated before is affected. The proportions of severely disabled individuals are
      the same as reported in 1973 but greater in number considering the larger area
      affected. Of these, an estimated 67% of males and 47% of females are not
      receiving disability grants. Fifty per cent of children (aged 6-25 years) of
      affected parents have had no schooling compared with 30% of children of
      unaffected parents. This study also highlighted several methodological problems
      unique to rural research. It is suggested that while aetiological research should
      continue, the existing prevalence of MJD has major social, economic and health
      care implications, for which solutions should be researched as a high priority.

PMID- 4018996
TI  - The Swedish mortality pattern: a basis for health planning?
AB  - In response to new Swedish health legislation, which gives local county councils
      formal 'epidemiological' responsibility for the health of the whole population,
      the regional mortality pattern is presented here for the period 1969-78. The
      findings show that total mortality has decreased somewhat during the ten-year
      period, while at the same time the difference in life expectancy between men and
      women has increased to six years. The concept 'lost years before 65' is used as a
      measure of premature death. Suicide is the cause of death that has resulted in
      the greatest number of lost years among men as well as women. During the 1970's
      positive changes have come about for leukaemias, cervical cancers and motor
      vehicle accidents, changes that can be interpreted as being due to better
      treatment, increased screening and efficient prevention. On the other hand,
      failures are obvious when considering, for example, a twofold increase in
      premature alcohol-related mortality over the decade. The report also discusses
      the quality of mortality statistics as a basis for health planning.

PMID- 4018997
TI  - Guidelines for regional mortality analysis: an epidemiological approach to health
      planning.
AB  - In view of the epidemiological responsibility that the new Swedish health
      legislation gives to the local county councils, it has been increasingly
      necessary to identify and monitor the health status of the local population, eg
      the commune. As part of a large-scale collaborative project this paper focuses on
      problems of analysing regional mortality data and presents an attempt to deal
      with them by means of a systematic procedure.

PMID- 4018998
TI  - The physician/population ratio as a proxy measure of the adequacy of health care.
AB  - In the absence of service use and health status data at the individual level in
      most developing countries of the world, the utility of the physician/population
      ratio as a proxy measure of health service availability and use in health needs
      assessment is tested. Data from 60 predominantly developing countries show that
      the physician/population ratio is curvilinearly related to an indicator of
      population health status, namely infant mortality. When this relation is
      linearized by logarithmic transformations, the physician/population ratio
      accounts for 53% of the variance in infant mortality. There is no significant
      functional relationship between the physician/population ratio and infant
      mortality when state-level data in the US are analysed. Implications of these
      findings are discussed with respect to needs assessment in developing regions of
      the world.

PMID- 4018999
TI  - Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B in a population of children in central Tunisia.
AB  - The prevalence rate of HBV markers in the overall population was 18.0%. The
      prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs were 3.3% and 12.2% respectively. 2.5% of
      the children were negative for these markers but positive for anti-HBc alone. Of
      the 17 HBsAg positive children, 10 were HBeAg positive and four were anti-HBe
      positive. The statistical study using multifactorial correspondence analysis and
      the chi 2 test showed a positive relationship between the prevalence rate of anti
      HBs and age, and a negative relationship between the prevalence rate of 'absence
      of markers' and age. The male sex and urban dwelling were related to higher
      prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc alone and to a lower prevalence rate of
      'absence of markers'. No relationship was found between geographical zone,
      father's education and HBV markers. The implications of these results in terms of
      prevention are discussed.

PMID- 4019000
TI  - A regression approach to the analysis of data arising from cluster randomization.
AB  - A generalized least squares regression approach is proposed for the analysis of
      data arising from experimental studies involving cluster randomization and non
      experimental studies in which the major treatment factor corresponds to a
      characteristic which applies at the cluster level. This approach is more flexible
      than that provided by the analysis of variance, and unlike ordinary least
      squares, provides significance levels which are adjusted for the correlation
      among elements within the same cluster. Two examples are presented.

PMID- 4019001
TI  - Risk factors for coronary heart disease in rural Hungary.
AB  - This is a ten-year study of a cohort of 1088 Hungarian men aged 40-59 at entry,
      with a 99% baseline response rate and complete ascertainment of cases and follow
      up. The methods were state of the art for the period the survey was performed,
      with quality control for standard procedure and training. Zero, five- and ten
      year examinations were carried out and standard risk factors measured and
      analysed in relation to the ten-year experience, ie, age, blood cholesterol,
      blood pressure, smoking, body mass, vital capacity, and skinfolds. Risk factor
      levels were high relative to the Mediterranean and Oriental populations in the
      Seven Countries Study. The five-year coronary heart disease rates were
      intermediate between the low rates in Yugoslavia and Greece and high rates in
      Finland. Ten-year events were significantly and linearly related to quintile
      values of serum cholesterol and of 3, 4, 6, and 9 risk factors in the Walker
      Duncan logistic model. Discrimination was not substantially improved beyond three
      factors apart from age. The maximal prediction concentrated 62% of events in the
      upper 20% of multifactor risk, and up to 80% in the upper 40% of risk. The
      authors conclude, from this separate but comparable study to the Seven Countries
      Study, that the results are not greatly different from that study or from the US
      Pooling Project. Unique features of the study, and its results, are the eastern
      European population, the absence of a strong CHD relationship with smoking, and
      the strong independent relationship with body mass.

PMID- 4019002
TI  - Association between parental and student smoking behaviour in a Brazilian medical
      school.
AB  - In a 20% random sample of University of Brasilia medical students no association
      was found between student and parental smoking behaviour. A low prevalence of
      habitual smoking (14.0%) and a low mean daily cigarette consumption (8.9
      cigarettes per smoker, per day) characterized this population.

PMID- 4019003
TI  - Acute appendicitis not associated with social class among children.
AB  - Acute appendicitis has previously been found to be associated with social class.
      In an attempt to confirm this, 125 patients with histologically verified acute
      appendicitis were compared with 1802 control children, randomly selected from the
      schools of the City of Helsinki. Social class determination was based on father's
      occupation in families with two parents, and on mother's occupation in single
      provider families. No association with social class was found. The proportion of
      single provider families was around 25% among both cases and controls.
      Appendicitis patients are one potential source of control groups in
      epidemiological studies.

PMID- 4019004
TI  - Selenium and cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 4019006
TI  - Maternal mortality in developing countries.

PMID- 4019005
TI  - Epidemiology as the basis for clinical and social policy decisions.

PMID- 4019007
TI  - Lymphomas, cancer of bladder, colon and prostate in Lebanon: an epidemiological
      challenge.

PMID- 4019008
TI  - Appendiceal carcinoma metastatic to the ovaries and mimicking primary ovarian
      tumors.
AB  - Primary appendiceal carcinomas are a rare source of metastases to the ovaries.
      Three cases are reported here, and 25 others are reviewed from the English
      literature. The recognition of this entity is important, since the metastases may
      mimic an ovarian primary tumor clinically, and because of the propensity for a
      recognized appendiceal carcinoma to relapse in the ovaries. Therapeutic
      implications dictate that the appendix should always be carefully examined during
      exploration for ovarian masses, and prophylactic appendectomy should be
      considered, as part of the treatment of ovarian carcinomas.

PMID- 4019009
TI  - Endometrial carcinoma: nontumor factors in prognosis.
AB  - The clinical records and pathologic specimens from 150 patients with endometrial
      carcinoma were reviewed to test the hypothesis that constitutionally predisposed
      patients with evidence of endogenous hyperestrinism (i.e., obesity, hypertension,
      diabetes, nulliparity, leiomyomata, adenomyosis) have a more benign form of
      carcinoma than do patients who do not fit this profile. Our results do not
      support this hypothesis, but do reveal certain other prognostic indicators, in
      addition to factors relating to the tumor itself, including stage, grade,
      histologic type, and extent of invasion. These indicators include: (a) age and
      menopausal status--women over 50 years of age, and more impressively,
      postmenopausal women of any age, have less favorable histology, staging, and
      survival; (b) race--black women have higher-grade tumors, higher-stage tumors,
      and poorer survival rates than white women; (c) hyperplasia--when hyperplasia is
      found in the biopsy, curettage, or hysterectomy specimen, the accompanying
      carcinoma is of a much more favorable type and extent, and survival rates are
      significantly better. The reasons for these correlations are not fully
      understood, and possible explanations are discussed. There may be two distinct
      patterns of endometrial carcinoma: a prognostically favorable one arising on a
      background of hyperplasia predominantly in premenopausal women, and a
      prognostically unfavorable one, occurring principally in postmenopausal women
      without hyperplasia. Empirically, we advise pathologists to comment on the
      presence or absence of hyperplasia in any specimen in which endometrial carcinoma
      is diagnosed.

PMID- 4019010
TI  - Ultrastructural features of primary trabecular carcinoid tumor of the ovary.
AB  - A case of primary trabecular carcinoid tumor of the ovary in a 48-year-old woman
      is reported. Histologically the tumor showed typical appearances associated with
      this neoplasm and was composed of long ramifying and anastomosing cords, ribbons,
      and trabeculae made up of uniform epithelial cells surrounded by connective
      tissue stroma. Occasional cells showed orange and red-brown granules in the
      cytoplasm. A number of cells were argyrophil-positive and occasional cells showed
      argentaffin positivity. The trabecular carcinoid was associated with mature
      cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst). Ultrastructurally the trabecular carcinoid was
      composed of light and dark cells with poorly formed basal lamina. Both types of
      cell contained membrane-bound neurosecretory granules which were round or oval,
      varied in size, but uniform in shape. The histological appearances of the tumor
      and of the neurosecretory granules distinguish trabecular carcinoid from other
      types of carcinoid tumors of the ovary and other ovarian neoplasms.

PMID- 4019011
TI  - Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary.

PMID- 4019012
TI  - The second-look operation for ovarian neoplasms: a study of 85 cases emphasizing
      cytologic and histologic problems.
AB  - This study reviews the clinical, cytologic, and histologic findings in 85 female
      patients who underwent a "second-look" exploratory laparotomy to evaluate the
      response to therapy for primary ovarian malignancies. Most patients had no
      evidence of clinically active disease at the time of the follow-up surgical
      procedure, and, therefore, the results of the multiple biopsies and cytologic
      studies were paramount in the decision to continue or withhold additional
      treatment. Unequivocally positive or negative findings were obtained in 64% of
      cases. In the remaining 36% of cases, there was a spectrum of atypical cytologic
      and/or histopathologic features with sufficiently disturbing aspects as to raise
      questions about the differential diagnosis.

PMID- 4019013
TI  - Cholesterol metabolism in lean and obese Zucker rats: effects of portacaval
      anastomosis.
AB  - The effects of portacaval anastomosis (PCA) on cholesterol biodynamics of male
      adult (fa/fa) Zucker rats and their lean littermates were studied with an
      isotopic equilibrium method. Animals were fed with a sucrose-rich semi-purified
      diet. Obese rats were hypercholesterolemic (2.03 +/- 0.14 vs 1.06 +/- 0.7 mg/ml),
      had a cholesterol-enriched liver (135.3 +/- 14.5 vs 40.0 +/- 2.6 mg/liver) and
      accumulated cholesterol in body pools. However no difference in the rates of
      cholesterol absorption, synthesis, fecal elimination or transformation into bile
      acids distinguished obese from lean Zucker rats. In both lean and obese rats, PCA
      decreased cholesterolemia by about 28 per cent and liver weight by 40 per cent
      while the total cholesterol content of the liver was not affected. Input of
      synthesized cholesterol (internal secretion) was strikingly decreased by the
      shunt (from 13.2 +/- 0.6 and 12.6 +/- 0.7 mg/day/rat before PCA, to 8.9 +/- 0.8
      and 8.6 +/- 1.0 mg/day/rat after PCA) in lean and obese rats respectively. A
      similar decrease was observed in the cholesterol transformation into bile acids.
      Since the activity of the gut for cholesterol synthesis, as shown by the fecal
      external secretion (cholesterol synthesized by the gut and directly eliminated in
      the gut and feces) was probably not modified, the reduction of internal secretion
      induced by PCA resulted from decreased hepatic cholesterogenesis. It is suggested
      that this decrease may be one of the factors involved in the lowering effect of
      PCA on plasma cholesterol level.

PMID- 4019014
TI  - The effect of vigorous treadmill exercise on adipose tissue development in the
      Zucker rat.
AB  - Four-week-old male lean and obese Zucker rats were subjected to intense daily
      exercise for a 10-week period. The exercise regimen used (running 6 days/week for
      90 min/day on a treadmill at 1.3 Km/h at an 8 per cent grade) was designed to
      maximize the amount of exercise performed. Lean and obese runners (LR and OR)
      gained significantly less weight than sedentary controls (LS and OS). Food intake
      was lower in LR and unchanged in OR compared with control animals. Exercise
      increased adrenal weight in runners of both phenotypes. Gastrocnemius muscle
      weight was significantly higher in OR compared to OS. Despite the intense
      exercise regimen, carcass fat of OR was reduced only 12 per cent versus OS. In
      contrast, exercise decreased carcass fat by 32 per cent in LR versus LS. This
      decrease in body fat of LR was due to smaller adipocytes. Exercise did not affect
      adipocyte size in obese rats. However, OR had fewer carcass adipocytes. These
      results indicate that exercise had substantially different effects on adipose
      tissue cellularity of lean and obese rats. The results of the present study
      indicate that a program of intense treadmill exercise initiated immediately post
      weaning only modestly reduced adipose tissue growth in obese Zucker rats.
      Furthermore, it did not normalize body composition.

PMID- 4019015
TI  - Genotype identification of 10-day old Zucker rats by lipid content of inguinal
      fat pad.
AB  - Surgical biopsies of the inguinal fat pad were performed on 35 fa/fa and 40 Fa/fa
      pups, aged 10 days, from eight litters. The lipid content of the pad, expressed
      as a percentage of the mean in each litter, allowed a 100 percent reliable
      prediction of the genotype. In three of the eight litters, we compared this
      method with that based on the frequency distribution of adipocyte size.

PMID- 4019016
TI  - Glycerol release from incubated human adipocytes is not affected by
      gastrointestinal peptides.
AB  - There is evidence for involvement of gastrointestinal hormones in pathogenesis of
      obesity and reports on lipolytic activity in animals. The in vitro lipolytic
      activity of these hormones was tested in human adipocytes. Vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide, glucagon, secretin, human gastrin I, gastrin releasing polypeptide,
      gastric inhibitory polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, bombesin,
      neurotensin, C-peptide, as well as cholecystokinin did not stimulate lipolysis
      significantly above basal. These results indicate that the involvement of these
      hormones in obesity in man might not be due to a direct lipolytic effect on the
      human adipocyte.

PMID- 4019017
TI  - Diet and exercise training effects on resting metabolic rate.
AB  - The decline in resting metabolic rate (RMR) during periods of caloric restriction
      is a well documented phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to determine if
      either 30 min of daily self-selected aerobic activity (Group D) or prescribed
      exercise training performed every other day (Group P) for 12 weeks can prevent
      the decrease in RMR during caloric restriction for weight loss. Seventy-eight
      adult subjects (38 M, 40 F) whose weights were 15-35 percent above the upper
      limit for age, sex and frame were randomly assigned to three treatment groups.
      All three groups followed the same 1200, 1500 or 1800 kcal/d (5023, 6279, 7534
      kJ) diet exchange plan. Group C (Control) followed no exercise program, while D
      and P exercised as described above. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max,
      m10(2)/kg X min-1) predicted from the Bruce Test increased by 0.08 +/- 7, 9 +/-
      12 and 12 +/- 9 percent in groups C, D and P, respectively. The increases for D
      and P were significantly higher than for C (P less than 0.01). RMR (m10(2)/kg X
      min-1) increased by 2 +/- 9, 4 +/- 7 and 10 +/- 9 percent in groups C, D and P
      respectively. The percent change for group P was significantly greater than that
      for groups C and D (P less than 0.05). There was a significant relationship
      across all subjects between the % delta in VO2 max and % delta in RMR (r = 0.307,
      P less than 0.01). However, the association between these two variables was
      stronger for females than for males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019018
TI  - Assessment of methods for assigning treadmill exercise workloads for lean and
      obese women.
AB  - The use of relative oxygen consumption (% VO2 max) to equate workloads between
      trained and untrained subjects is considered appropriate. Whether this method (%
      VO2 max) is correct when testing lean versus obese subjects has not been studied.
      Using three experimental sessions separated by at least one week we studied seven
      obese, nondiabetic women weighting 140 +/- 21 kg (mean +/- s.d.) and 10 lean
      women of similar age weighing 51 +/- 5 kg during treadmill walking. Body fat
      determined by hydrostatic weighing was 50 +/- 7 and 23 +/- 7 percent in obese and
      lean groups, respectively (P less than 0.05). Absolute maximal VO2 (VO2 max) in
      obese women (3.18 +/- 0.28 l/min) significantly exceeded VO2 max for lean women
      (2.45 +/- 0.31 l/min, P less than 0.05). However, in obese women VO2 max relative
      to total body weight (TBW) was lower (P less than 0.05) while VO2 max relative to
      fat-free weight (FFW) was similar to corresponding values for lean women.
      Submaximal treadmill exercise at 75m/min with 0, 5 and 10 percent inclines
      resulted in higher VO2 (l/min) and heart rate (HR) in the obese group (P less
      than 0.05). At each incline VO2 relative to BW was significantly lower in the
      obese (P less than 0.05) yet significantly higher when expressed relative to FFW
      (P less than 0.05). The relationship between HR and %VO2 max was similar for lean
      and obese. Ten minutes of walking at 70% VO2 max resulted in no significant
      differences between the groups in the 10 min values for HR, total work done, rise
      in rectal temperature, plasma lactic acid, perceived exertion and oxygen
      consumption relative to FFW. We conclude that either fixed absolute workloads or
      fixed oxygen consumption (absolute or relative to BW or FFW) are inappropriate
      methods for equating workloads when lean and obese subjects are compared.
      Relative VO2 accurately defines physiologically comparable exercise intensities
      for these groups and this should be the method of preference when studies are
      designed to investigate metabolic, endocrine or cardiovascular similarities
      and/or differences between these groups.

PMID- 4019019
TI  - Basal metabolism of obese adolescents: age, gender and body composition effects.
AB  - Body composition (percent fat and lean body mass) and basal metabolic rates were
      determined in 67 obese adolescents ranging in age from 10 to 16 years (30 male,
      37 female). Basal oxygen uptake was determined on rising in the morning using
      open-circuit spirometry with a 10-min collection period. Body composition was
      determined from body density measurements using the underwater weighing
      procedure. There were no male-female differences (except for basal VCO2
      production, P less than 0.05) for any body composition or metabolic variable. The
      subjects' (male and female) average weight was 73 kg, height--157 cm, percent fat
      -40 percent, fat weight--30 kg, lean body mass--92 kg, and kcal/24 h--1535.
      Correlations between age, body composition and basal energy expenditure were all
      moderate to low (r less than or equal to 0.78). In contrast to adult data, lean
      body mass was not highly correlated to basal energy expenditure suggesting that
      perhaps there is a 'metabolic condition' of the obese adolescent modulated by
      excess fatness or the instability of the body cell mass. Stepwise multiple linear
      regression revealed that for the obese male adolescent, body surface area and
      percent fat, and for the obese female adolescent body surface area and body
      weight resulted in the best prediction of basal kcal/24 h. The standard errors of
      prediction were +/- 17.9 percent for the males, and +/- 14.4 percent for the
      females.

PMID- 4019021
TI  - Spectroscopic study of the interaction of gossypol with bovine serum albumin.
AB  - The interaction of gossypol with bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 7.6 in 0.02 M
      borax-borate buffer has been followed by circular dichroism (CD) and difference
      spectroscopy. From the extrinsic CD band at 390 nm, a binding constant of 2.7 X
      10(3) M-1 was calculated. At 54 degrees the induced CD spectrum was abolished,
      suggesting that the interaction is not favoured at that temperature. The effect
      of various solvents and salts on the interaction has been followed by difference
      spectroscopy. The modification of epsilon-amino groups of lysine did not affect
      the interaction. Binding of gossypol to BSA does not cause a change in its
      secondary structure or sedimentation coefficient.

PMID- 4019020
TI  - Conformation of the eosinophil chemotactic tetrapeptides and analogues in
      dimethyl sulfoxide. 1H n.m.r. studies.
AB  - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance parameters are reported for DMSO-d6 solutions
      of the eosinophil chemotactic tetrapeptides, Val1-Gly2-Ser3-Glu4 and Ala1-Gly2
      Ser3-Glu4, as well as three analogues of the Val1 tetrapeptide, D-Val1, Ala2 and
      Ala3. The synthesis of Val-(S)-[alpha-2 H1] Gly-Ala-Glu, in which the glycine has
      been stereospecifically deuterated in the H alpha 3 position, has allowed the
      assignment of the 1H resonances belonging to individual H alpha 2 and H alpha 3
      glycine methylene protons. Simulation of the glycine ABX spin system yields two
      vicinal coupling constants which are consistent with a highly preferred
      conformation about the glycine HN-C alpha bond. The chemical shifts, coupling
      constants, temperature coefficients of amide proton chemical shifts and
      calculated side chain rotamer populations are reported for all peptides. The
      coupling constant analysis and temperature coefficients of amide proton chemical
      shifts together suggest that a type I beta-turn conformation is preferred by the
      Ala3 analogue. The 1H n.m.r. parameters of the other peptides suggest that these
      can also adopt a beta-turn conformation in DMSO. There are, however, considerable
      differences in the extent of conformational averaging undergone by the various
      peptides.

PMID- 4019022
TI  - Conformation and stability of the chymotrypsin inhibitor from winged bean seed
      (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC).
AB  - Spectrophotometric measurement was found to be a sensitive method for evaluating
      the stability of the chymotrypsin inhibitor from the winged bean. The thermal
      stability of this protein in aqueous solution was much greater at pH 3 than at pH
      8 or pH 11. Evidence from u.v. absorption and from circular dichroism indicated
      that irreversible conformation changes occurred at higher temperature (greater
      than 70 degrees). Circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion studies at
      pH 8 show that the inhibitor is rich in beta-structure and virtually devoid of
      alpha-helix in aqueous solution. We conclude from experiments with denaturing
      solvents that the inhibitor is very stable and that high concentrations of
      denaturant are required before unfolding occurs. Chemical modification
      experiments with tetranitromethane were consistent with a tight stable structure;
      even in 6M guanidine hydrochloride only three of the five tyrosine residues in
      the inhibitor molecule were nitrated. However, tyrosine does not seem to be
      implicated at the reactive site of the inhibitor. Interaction of the inhibitor
      with alpha-chymotrypsin and chymotrypsin B was also followed by difference
      spectroscopy in the ultraviolet region. Difference spectra were detected that
      were characteristic of changes in the environment of both tyrosine and tryptophan
      chromophores. Comparison of the spectral data obtained for the interaction of the
      inhibitor with bovine alpha-chymotrypsin and with chymotrypsin B indicated that a
      tryptophan residue may be involved at the reactive site of the inhibitor.
      Spectral changes were also detected for the interaction between the chymotrypsin
      inhibitor and trypsin, although it is well established that the specificity of
      this inhibitor is restricted to the chymotrypsins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4019023
TI  - HPLC-studies on nonmercapt-mercapt conversion of human serum albumin.
AB  - Human mercaptalbumin (HMA) and nonmercaptalbumin (HNA) could be separated by high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at neutral pH. Using HPLC, the present
      authors found the nonmercapt-mercapt conversion (HNA----HMA) during hemodialysis
      and the mercapt-nonmercapt conversion (HMA----HNA) after hemodialysis in chronic
      renal failure, indicating HMA as the covalent carrier protein for sulfur
      containing amino acids.

PMID- 4019024
TI  - Utilization of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole in mixed anhydride coupling reactions.
AB  - The coupling of Boc-Val-OH to either H-Pro-OBzl or H-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-OBzl by the
      mixed anhydride method leads to the formation of a urethane by-product in yields
      of 40-60%. This side reaction can be suppressed by the addition of HOBt to the
      reaction mixture before the amino component is added. This results in a
      substantially increased yield of the desired peptide.

PMID- 4019025
TI  - Solid phase synthesis of two cholera toxin B subunit antigens.
AB  - The 30-50 and 50-75 sequences of the cholera toxin beta chain including the amino
      acids that are thought to be involved in toxin-receptor binding have been
      synthesized using the solid phase method. They were then purified by gel
      permeation and ion exchange chromatography. Both these free peptides induced
      serum antibodies recognising the native toxin after oral or intraperitoneal
      administration. Only the antibodies raised against the 50-75 peptide, however,
      were able to neutralize toxin activity.

PMID- 4019026
TI  - Self-association and solubility of peptides. Solvent-titration study of protected
      C-terminal segments of porcine secretin.
AB  - Self-association of peptides (related to the C-terminal sequence of porcine
      secretin) in methylene chloride was disrupted by adding dimethylsulfoxide in
      increasing amounts. This structural transition was monitored by the disappearance
      of the amide-I C = O stretching band of strongly intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded
      molecules (1625-1630 cm-1) in the infrared absorption spectra. The effects
      induced by main-chain length and sequence, type of N alpha-protection, and
      concentration were assessed. Hexamethylphosphortriamide was compared for its
      structure-disrupting properties to dimethylsulfoxide. The increasing propensity
      to aggregate displayed by these peptides is paralleled by a decrease in their
      solubility. The impact of these results on the planning of peptide syntheses is
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 4019027
TI  - Anti-writhing activity of some peptides related to neurotensin and tuftsin.
AB  - Several small peptides related to neurotensin (NT) and tuftsin were synthesized
      and tested for analgesic activity against acetic acid induced writhing in mice.
      None of the peptides approached the activity shown by NT or NT hexapeptide.
      Tuftsin itself was found to be weakly active. An isosteric dipeptide related to a
      cobra venom peptide was found to have considerable anti-writhing activity at a
      high intracerebroventricular dose.

PMID- 4019028
TI  - Cyclic peptides. XIX. Synthesis, conformation, and biological activity of cyclo(
      Pro-Val-Pro-Val-) with L-L-L-L and L-D-L-D sequences.
AB  - cyclo(-L-Pro-L-Val-L-Pro-L-Val-) (1L) and cyclo(-L-Pro-D-Val-L-Pro-D-Val-) (1D)
      were synthesized by the conventional method for peptide synthesis. Conformations
      of 1L and 1D in solution were studied. Compound 1L has a cis-trans-cis-trans
      backbone conformation with C2 symmetry in CDCl3. This conformation is slightly
      different from that in crystalline state and in DMSO-d6 solution. Compound 1D has
      a cis-trans-cis-trans conformation in DMSO-d6 and an all-trans conformation in
      trifluoroethanol-d3. Compound 1L retarded stem-growth of rice seedlings and, in
      contrast, compound 1D promoted root-growth of rice seedlings.

PMID- 4019029
TI  - Crystal structure and conformation of the cyclic tetramer of a repeat tripeptide
      of elastin, cyclo(L-valyl-L-prolylglycyl)4.
AB  - X-ray diffraction data were used to determine the crystal structure of cyclo-(L
      Val-L-Pro-Gly)4, the cyclic tetramer of a repeat tripeptide of elastin. The
      crystals are monoclinic, space group C2, with a = 29.639(3), b = 7.099(1), c =
      20.325 (2) A, and beta = 130.4(4) degrees. The structure was solved by direct
      methods and refined by least squares to R = 0.082 for 2603 observed reflections.
      The cyclic dodecapeptide contains two beta (II) turns. Hydrophilic and
      hydrophobic channels that run parallel to the b axis are formed by the stacking
      of cyclic peptides on twofold axes.

PMID- 4019030
TI  - Sidechain and backbone potential function for conformational analysis of
      proteins.
AB  - An improved potential function has been devised for the calculation of protein
      conformations. Each amino acid residue is represented by two points. The
      mainchain is traced by the sequence of C alpha atoms, and the details of
      sidechain structure and interactions are represented by a representative
      sidechain atom. This potential function has been developed from a data base of 22
      high resolution protein crystal structures and includes the components of an
      earlier potential developed from a similar data base where each amino acid
      residue is represented by only its C alpha atom. In virtually all aspects of
      testing, the present potential betters the previous single-point potential, and
      is shown to be useful in the simulation of protein folding.

PMID- 4019031
TI  - Chemical modification of canavanine with p-nitrophenylglyoxal. Factors
      influencing the chemistry and reactivity of alpha-dicarbonyl-guanidino reactions.
AB  - The role of structural features and deprotonation of guanidino derivatives on
      chemical reactions with p-nitrophenylglyoxal has been investigated. Canavanine,
      an arginine analog, reacts to form a yellow product, which absorbs maximally at
      350 nm (epsilon = 6500) and at 278 nm (epsilon = 14 500). Elemental analysis,
      fast atom bombardment mass spectral analysis, n.m.r. and i.r. studies suggest
      that the product is a 5-(p-nitrophenyl)4-oxo-2 imidazoline derivative of
      canalaline. Kinetic studies show that the second order rate constant for the
      reaction increases with increasing pH in the range of pH 7-11.0. It is concluded
      that the pH dependence of the reaction can be explained by general base catalysis
      and not simply by a deprotonation of the guanidinoxy side chain. The reaction of
      arginine, polyarginine, and other derivatives differs markedly from that of
      canavanine. The results suggest that change in the tautomeric equilibria between
      the imino and amino forms of the guanidino group may partly account for
      differences in reaction of canavanine and arginine and the reactions of specific
      arginyl residues in proteins.

PMID- 4019032
TI  - Synthesis and opioid activity of partial retro-inverso analogs of dermorphin.
AB  - We studied the effect of partial retro-inverso modification of selected peptide
      bonds of dermorphin (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2. The modifications
      concern two consecutive peptide bonds (Phe3-Cly4-Tyr5, I) or a single one (Gly4
      Tyr5-, II or Phe3-Gly4, III). All pseudoheptapeptides showed low opioid activity
      in the in vitro and in vivo tests. Compound III has a biological potency
      comparable to that of morphine but only 2-5% of original dermorphin when tested
      in guinea pig ileum preparation and in mice tail-flick assay after intracerebro
      or subcutaneous administration.

PMID- 4019033
TI  - Mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA: lysolecithin acyltransferase
      from rabbit lung. pH studies and chemical modification.
AB  - This paper deals with the first attempt to elucidate the chemical mechanism of
      acyl-CoA: lysolecithin acyltransferase from rabbit lung, a key enzyme in the
      metabolism of lung surfactant. For this purpose, the pH dependence of kinetic
      constants as well as the chemical modification of the protein have been studied
      on a partially-purified preparation. From these experiments, the pKs on which the
      activity of the enzyme relies have been calculated, giving values of pK1
      congruent to 5.5 and pK2 congruent to 10. Analysis of the effect of organic
      solvents on these pKs and the calculation of the enthalpies of ionization,
      together with the chemical modification experiments, lead to the conclusion that
      pK1 is due to an histidine residue, whereas pK2 arises from the amino group of
      the adenine ring of palmitoyl-CoA. Moreover, chemical modification demonstrated
      an essential cysteine. A tentative chemical mechanism, in accordance with these
      results, is proposed and it is hypothesized, in view of other results obtained in
      our laboratory and from the literature, that the chemical mechanism of acyl
      transfer to sn-2 position may be common to other enzymes of glycerolipid
      metabolism.

PMID- 4019034
TI  - Preferential cleavage at aspartyl-prolyl peptide bonds in dilute acid.
AB  - A simple, rapid technique is presented for preferential cleavage at
      aspartylprolyl peptide bonds. The method is based upon the fact that these
      peptide bonds are 8-20-fold more labile in 0.015 N HCl at 100-110 degrees than
      other aspartyl-X or X-aspartyl peptide bonds. The method has proven effective in
      the cleavage of several peptides from pig kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and
      should facilitate sequence analysis of proteins that contain aspartyl-prolyl
      linkages.

PMID- 4019035
TI  - Critical analysis of visual function evaluating techniques in newborn babies.
AB  - The most widely-used techniques for testing visual function in babies are
      reviewed. Advantages and limitations of optokinetic nystagmus testing, visual
      evoked responses and preferential looking techniques are considered. The
      theoretical basis and the clinical applicability of those techniques are
      outlined. Other simple methods are considered as well, which allow practicing
      ophthalmologists to assess the presence or absence of vision in babies. The
      importance of early diagnosis for prevention and treatment of visual deficits in
      babies is stressed.

PMID- 4019036
TI  - Amacrine and horizontal cell dysfunction in adult ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Kufs
      disease) and anatomical correlates in the ovine model.
AB  - Psychophysical examination of the visual performance of a patient with Kufs
      disease suggests abnormal functioning of the amacrine and horizontal cell systems
      of lateral inhibition. The sheep model offers insight into early patho-physiology
      of these cell types.

PMID- 4019037
TI  - Glaucoma in China.
AB  - The motivation for this paper is that, having come from China, a country which
      had closed herself to the outside world for three decades, I thought it might be
      interesting to compare glaucoma in the two countries. Since I am from only a
      municipal hospital of a small city Hangzhow (a sister city of Boston), whatever I
      say can only be accepted as personal view points. Presently I have this wonderful
      opportunity to be a research fellow at the world wide famous Massachusetts Eye &
      Ear Infirmary, which is affiliated with Harvard Medical School. The comparison
      therefore may not be exactly appropriate but may help to see where my country
      stands, what we have, what we lack and what goals to strive for to better the
      health of China. There may be some confusing terms in this paper such as
      'Liberation', 'Cultural Revolution', etc. Table 1 may help give a clearer
      conception.

PMID- 4019038
TI  - Comparing continuous and stepwise luminance variation in static campimetry using
      the Grignolo-Tagliasco-Zingirian projection campimeter.
AB  - In traditional static perimetry the remarkable precision achieved, resulting
      mainly from the lack of temporal factors related to latency, largely makes up for
      the relatively long time required to perform the test. Conversely, the increase
      in speed of the test and in the information content of the visual field charts
      counteract the lower precision attained with kinetic perimetry. If the influence
      of the latency time on responses could be kept at a low value, then adopting a
      static strategy, based on a continuous rather than discrete target luminance
      variation for threshold detection, could be justified. For this purpose a
      luminance variation time sequence designed to reproduce the conditions of the
      traditional static perimetric test was chosen. The test was performed on the
      Grignolo-Tagliasco-Zingirian projection campimeter, after comparing its clinical
      performance with the Goldmann perimeter. These two methods - one based on
      continuous variation, the other based on discrete target luminance variation -
      were compared using a 14-subject sample. We conclude that the presentation
      strategy based on continuous luminance variation can be regarded as a valid
      alternative to the traditional method.

PMID- 4019039
TI  - Narcissism: its structures, systems and affects.
AB  - The growth of object relationships may be studied along either the developmental
      line of the discharge-object or that of the reflexive-object. The former is the
      well-known line of development from the need-satisfying object to the constant
      object and is a study of id-ego relationships. The developmental line of the
      reflexive-object, on the other hand, follows the history of the introjects and is
      a study of either ego-superego or ego-ego ideal relationships. It is the latter
      which constitutes the study of narcissism. The development of the ideal ego out
      of the ego nuclei leads eventually to the child's struggle to maintain a sense of
      omnipotence and to the narcissistic crisis. Out of this struggle the introjection
      of the idealized mother occurs which, as the ego ideal, continues the systemic
      line of development of narcissism. Various narcissistic states and affects such
      as shame, humiliation, depression, grandiosity, pomposity, arrogance, adoration
      and enthralment are the result of either hypercathexis of the introjects of the
      ego ideal (or of persisting remnants of the ideal ego) and the resulting conflict
      with the ego, or hypocathexis of the introjects and resulting dormancy of the
      system ego ideal.

PMID- 4019040
TI  - Working through in the countertransference.
AB  - This paper is intended as a development of Strachey's classic paper 'The nature
      of the therapeutic action of psycho-analysis'. Strachey states that the full or
      deep transference experience is disturbing to the analyst; that which the analyst
      most fears and most wishes to avoid. He also stresses that conveying an
      interpretation in a calm way is necessary. The area addressed is the task of
      coping with these strong countertransference experiences and maintaining the
      analytic technique of interpretation. The clinical illustrations attempt to show
      something of the process of transformation or working through in the analyst, as
      well as showing that the patient is consciously or unconsciously mindful as to
      whether the analyst evades or meets the issues. The contention that the analyst
      is not affected by these experiences is both false and would convey to the
      patient that his plight, pain and behaviour are emotionally ignored by the
      analyst. It is suggested that if we keep emotions out, we are in danger of
      keeping out the love which mitigates the hatred, allowing the so-called pursuit
      of truth to be governed by hatred. What appears as dispassionate may contain the
      murder of love and concern. How the analyst allows himself to have the
      experiences, work through and transform them into a useful interpretation is the
      issue studied in this paper.

PMID- 4019041
TI  - The psychoanalytic point of view: basic concepts and deviant theories. A brief
      communication.
AB  - This paper probes the meaning of deviant theories in psychoanalysis and sketches
      in the psychoanalytic point of view with the intent of providing a background for
      further discourse in the interest of creative advances in the field.

PMID- 4019042
TI  - Narcissistic organization, projective identification, and the formation of the
      identificate.
AB  - Clinical examples are given, varying from what would appear to be self-sufficient
      normal people, to overtly psychotic cases, in order to illustrate the development
      of a narcissistic organization of varying intensity and permanence. That is to
      say, an identification via projective identification has taken place, which
      heightens intrinsic omnipotence, to allow what has been termed the identificate
      to believe that it has become the desired object--and thereby that within this
      spuriously organized ego-structure exist the characteristics and functions of the
      object or part object that has been taken over. Varying forms of such
      identificatory process are illustrated. The functions of these 'successful
      defence' manoeuvres are to obviate any feelings of an awareness of envy, although
      they may be overtly envious attacks within themselves, secondly they nullify any
      awareness of dependence, and also nullify awareness of need and illness, and
      thirdly they maintain the narcissistic organization by producing a successful
      identificate.

PMID- 4019043
TI  - On repetition. Its relationship to the depressive position.
AB  - Thinking is painful as it progresses. Something of what is being achieved has to
      be left behind. The loss is being compensated by repetition in variations, as if
      the unconscious tries to restore what has been left behind. Looking back on the
      steps of thinking, one gains a feeling of security in one's conclusions if these
      steps are restored.

PMID- 4019044
TI  - Nosography and theory of the schizophrenias.
AB  - A theory of the schizophrenias must take account of the varieties of
      symptomatology and courses of illness which occur. Neglect of nosography has led
      to controversy about object relations in the schizophrenias. At the onset of all
      schizophrenic psychoses real object relations are replaced by 'psychotic'
      identifications. The object is retained despite its regressed state. Absence of
      remission and courses to end states can be attributed to loss of the object. This
      leads to delusional object relations based on fantasy.

PMID- 4019045
TI  - Important associations among EEG-dynamics, event-related potentials, short-term
      memory and learning.
AB  - Averaged and single sweep auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were analysed
      in the time and frequency domain to demonstrate a dynamic, functional
      relationship between prestimulus EEG activity and poststimulus ERP changes.
      Evidence is presented of prestimulus "preparation changes" which were elicited by
      the presentation of regular, frequent target tones. The development of
      preparation changes was associated with prestimulus EEG synchronisation,
      frequency selective phase alignment at the point of stimulation and a greater
      predictability of the poststimulus response to target and nontarget tones. Time
      varying responses to target and nontarget tones are described for different
      experimental conditions and related to preparation rhythms. The mechanisms and
      possible neural correlates of the endogenous P300 change are discussed. The
      findings from this study and other relevant investigations have been used to
      formulate hypotheses about the relationships among preparation changes, ERPs and
      short-term memory, habituation and learning.

PMID- 4019046
TI  - Does frequency analysis lead to better understanding of human event related
      potentials.
AB  - A combined analysis procedure was used to study auditory, sensory evoked
      potentials (EPs) and event-related potentials (ERPs) in human subjects. Single
      sweep and averaged data were analysed in the time and frequency domains.
      Recognised peaks, seen in the averaged data, were related to specific
      poststimulus changes within conventional delta, theta and alpha frequency bands.
      The potential advantages of single sweep analysis, selective averaging and
      frequency domain analysis are discussed. The importance of studying prestimulus
      EEG activity in order to understand poststimulus changes is emphasised in
      relation to proposed hypotheses concerning brain dynamics and evoked response
      mechanisms. Specific frequency changes, elicited by target tones in auditory "odd
      ball" experiments, are described and contrasted to changes seen in EPs and
      nontarget ERPs. Our findings suggest that the P300 change of averaged data is the
      later consequence of poststimulus frequency changes which can be detected within
      the first 100 msec. The practical implications of our findings are briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 4019047
TI  - Human evoked potentials and C-fiber pain.
AB  - An evoked potential report by four authors has revived the question of the
      somatosensory specificity of the vertex potential of somatosensory evoked
      potentials, when these are derived by scalp conductance in response to
      subjectively painful skin stimulation. By a peripheral nerve-block maneuver
      combined with subjective sensoriperceptual reports, the authors show a late, slow
      positive wave in the somatosensory evoked potential whose appearance and
      disappearance are claimed to reflect the brain's response to a uniquely C-fiber
      input and to a combination of A delta and C-fiber input respectively. But their
      idiosyncratic interpretation of their data has merely revived an unresolved
      question: How much, if anything, of these familiar "ultralate," slow positivities
      can be ascribed to any form of neural encoding of nociception, as distinct from a
      nonspecific brain response to a behaviorally important stimulus?

PMID- 4019048
TI  - Event related aspects of somatosensory and auditory evoked potentials: noise or
      signals?
AB  - The so-called Vertex Potential (VP) of human scalp-conducted and event related
      brain potential (ERBP), which occur as a slow and often large, biphasic sinusoid
      within the 100-400 msec time segment after transient stimulation in the three
      main sensory modalities, are the longest researched of all human evoked potential
      (EP) phenomena. Its variable amplitude has been directly correlated, in
      experiments expressly tailored for the purpose, with input/output variables such
      as the rate of acceleration of given stimulus parameters from a state of relative
      rest (RM function), interstimulus interval (ISI), stimulus intensity, skin
      potential and resistance changes (SPR and SRR), the peripheral electroneurogram
      (ENG), and experimentally isolated C-fiber afference; and with neuropsychological
      variables such as attention or vigilance, visual acuity, response time,
      subjective stimulus probability or expectancy, acute pain of both fast and slow
      kinds, intelligence quotient (IQ), and psychometric personality scores (e.g.,
      extraversion versus introversion and neuroticism versus normality).
      Unfortunately, the cerebral, neural origins of the VP, if any, are unknown; it is
      reported as usually absent from cortex-surface EP in those primates and mammals
      hitherto studied, and also from human extracranial event related magnetic fields
      of the brain (ERMFb) insofar as these reveal only superficial tangential sources;
      but a possible analog has been recorded from deep subcortical electrodes during
      human neurosurgery. In view of the increasing published range and quantity of
      direct correlates of VP amplitude, and of the scarcity of data about its
      neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, it seemed a good idea to do some rudimentary
      signal analysis. Preliminary results from five subjects confirm earlier data: The
      VP of somatosensory (SEP) and auditory (AEP) evoked potentials, as obtained by
      scalp-conductance and either averaged or single-epoch, can be resolved into
      inconsistently stimulus synchronized frequency components which are also present
      as relatively unsynchronized waves in the theta and alpha bands (approx. 2-13 Hz)
      of the unstimulated or near-threshold-stimulated electroencephalogram (EEG). In
      averages of numerous single trials (20 less than N less than 102), initiated at
      interstimulus intervals longer than 2.5 sec and deliberately sequenced so that
      the initiator could learn to estimate the timing of stimulus onsets, the phase
      coherence of the power-dominant alpha and theta waves within the 100-400 msec
      time segment of ERBP is obvious when the stimulus is an intense transient and
      psychologically not "habituated".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4019049
TI  - Neuropsychological and electrophysiological examination of a patient with
      Wilson's disease.
AB  - A patient with Wilson's disease underwent neuropsychological and
      electrophysiological examination 4 months following symptom onset. Although motor
      deficits were more severe, there was considerable impairment of cognitive and
      intellectual function. Auditory evoked responses were also abnormal in this
      patient. This case is unusual because of the early severe cognitive deficits.

PMID- 4019050
TI  - Reading disabilities in Japan: evidence against the myth of rarity.
AB  - The incidence of the reading disabilities among 250 Japanese children (8.5-13.4
      years old) was measured by a standardized reading ability test which had recently
      been developed. It was found that 16.4% of the children tested have a one year
      delay, and 15.2% of the children have a two year delay. The results show that
      Makita's (1968) claim concerning the rarity of the incidence of reading
      disabilities in Japan is incorrect.

PMID- 4019051
TI  - CNV and time estimation.
AB  - We investigated the hypothesis that the development and resolution of CNV waves
      may, in part at least, reflect time estimation processes in the nervous system.
      Specifically, we postulated that subjects with a high degree of accuracy in time
      estimation tasks will show a fast resolution of the negativity following the
      imperative stimulus (S2). The results showed that, consistent with the
      hypothesis, accurate estimators, as a group, show CNVs with faster resolution of
      negativity after S2. In addition, they have CNVs of lower amplitude and show a
      slower rise time to peak negativity than subjects with poor time estimation
      abilities.

PMID- 4019052
TI  - Sex and handedness differences in the use of autoerotic fantasy and imagery: a
      proposed explanation.
AB  - Previous research has described a greater use of fantasy and imagery during
      masturbation by men, than women. This study suggests that this gender disparity
      results from the increased frequency of bilateral speech representation found in
      the female brain. Support for this theory was obtained by comparing the use of
      autoerotic fantasy and imagery in another group distinguished by their degree of
      cerebral lateralization: dextral vs. sinistral males. The prediction that
      masturbatory fantasy and imagery would be more common in the more lateralized
      dextral males was partially confirmed in this study.

PMID- 4019053
TI  - Factor structure and construct validity of the Denman Neuropsychology Memory
      Scale.
AB  - Correlational data on the recently published Denman Neuropsychology Memory Scale
      (DNMS; Denman, 1984) were subjected to a series of factor analyses. Although a
      major feature of the DNMS is computation of Verbal, Non-Verbal and Full Scale
      Memory Quotients, the factor analyses did no support this practice. Since the
      factor results demonstrated initial support for the construct validity of some of
      the DNMS subtests, it is recommended that interpretation be based on subtest
      performance. The present results and suggested future investigations of DNMS
      construct validity are discussed in relation to current issues in clinical memory
      assessment.

PMID- 4019054
TI  - Use of background interference procedure to assess visual retention deficits in
      multiple-sclerosis, psychiatric, and brain-damaged patients.
AB  - The performances of three groups of patients were compared during two conditions
      of interference on a visual retention task. During the noninterference condition,
      the psychiatric, multiple-sclerosis, and brain-damaged patients functioned at a
      comparable level. The introduction of a distracting background reduced the level
      of functioning for only the brain-damaged group. This effect remained significant
      for the correct score when age and postmorbid intelligence functioning were
      controlled. These results were interpreted as reflecting the cortical nature of
      the deficits in resisting the distracting influence of the background
      interference procedure. Serial testing was recommended for the evaluation of the
      multiple-sclerosis group.

PMID- 4019055
TI  - Relationships between hand skill and the excitability of motoneurons innervating
      the postural soleus muscle in human subjects.
AB  - The relation of hand skill to the excitability of motoneurons innervating the
      postural soleus muscle was studied in normal human subjects. The motoneuronal
      excitability was tested by the recovery curve of the Hoffmann reflex. The hand
      skill was assessed by the peg moving test. Females have been found to be better
      than males in hand skill. It was established that the H response recovery curve
      from the right leg was significantly lower than that from the left leg in right
      handed subjects. The opposite was found in left handers. In ambidexters, there
      was no significant difference between the heights of the left and right recovery
      curves. The laterality quotients of the H response recovery curves were normally
      distributed in the total sample with a mean significantly less than zero,
      indicating a left shift bais in the motoneuronal excitability. The possible
      factors contributing to the inverse relationship between hand skill and the
      excitability of motoneurons innervating the postural soleus muscle were discussed
      in light of genetic determinants of brainedness and the corticospinal inputs to
      postural motoneurons.

PMID- 4019056
TI  - Peak latency differences in evoked potentials elicited by painful dental and
      cutaneous stimulation.
AB  - Long-latency evoked potentials (EPs) (50-400 msec) have been obtained from humans
      during both noxious stimulation of tooth and cutaneous sites in studies of pain
      and analgesic states. This study investigated whether EPs elicited by tooth and
      lip stimulation differed in peak latency and whether EPs obtained during painful
      cutaneous stimulation showed increasing peak latency values with increased
      conduction distance. Twelve volunteers received painful electrical stimulation at
      four sites: tooth, lip, thumb, and toe in counterbalanced orders. Evoked
      potentials recorded at vertex were summation averaged over 128 trials.
      Multivariate stepwise discriminate analysis was used to determine whether any of
      the peak latencies of the event-related potentials differed across stimulation
      sites. No significant latency differences were observed across lip, thumb or toe
      at any of the major peaks. Since peaks of these EPs did not vary in latency with
      conduction distance, they appear to reflect processing at higher levels rather
      than sensory transmission. The negative 140 msec peak of the dental waveform
      occurred significantly later than the same peak at cutaneous sites.

PMID- 4019057
TI  - Spatiotemporal changes of EEG activity during waking-sleeping transition period.
AB  - To evaluate the spatiotemporal changes of EEG during waking-sleeping transition
      or hypnagogic period, spectral analysis of the five scalp EEG on the midline
      (Fpz, Fz, Cz, Pz and Oz) referenced to the left ear lobe was carried out on seven
      young male subjects. Power spectra from consecutive samples of 5.12 sec period
      with 0.2 Hz resolution were studied from 10 min before the manually scored stage
      1 onset to 30 min after the onset of stage 1. The average power spectra over 1
      min segments and corresponding coefficient of variation (CV) were determined for
      the frequency bands of delta (1-3 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), sigma (13
      15 Hz) and beta (16-19 Hz). The latency score was defined as the time elapsed
      from the onset of stage 1 to the first epoch when the frequency band power, using
      the ANOVA significantly increased (or decreased) in comparison with the average
      level at the onset of stage 1. Median latency scores for each band were similar
      to the Cz scores, with a ranking, from early to late, of: alpha (2 min), theta (3
      min), delta (5 min) and sigma (5 min). Significant change was not observed on the
      beta band activity. In terms of the EEG areas, the shortest latency was found in
      the theta band activity of the Fz EEG (2 min), and the longest was the sigma band
      activity of the Fpz and Oz EEG (8 min). The average stage 2 latency was 3.5 min
      when it was measured as time elapsed between the onset of stage 1 and 2. The
      average curves of delta, theta and alpha band CVs, started to increase just
      before or immediately after stage 1 onset and continued to increase for about 10
      min. If the increased CV or unsteadiness of EEG activity is taken as a
      characteristic of the hypnagogic period, hypnagogic states may be considered to
      have continued until about 10 min after the stage 1 onset. Delta-theta activity
      showed a rapid rise in power after the onset of stage 1 for all areas. Delta
      power at the occipital, however, increased more gradually, and consistently
      remained at a lower level. The differences of delta power between Oz and other
      four electrode sites became clear at 7 min after the onset of stage 1. These
      regional differences may reflect the termination of hypnagogic effects.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4019058
TI  - Role of suggestions in digital skin temperature: implications for temperature
      biofeedback research.
AB  - The purpose of the present experiment was to explore the role suggestions and
      assessment procedures play in affecting digital skin temperature. Four different
      types of suggestions were given subjects (warm, cool, pseudo (electronic terms),
      and no suggestions). Twenty-five subjects were randomly assigned to the four
      experimental conditions. The data were analyzed by three popular assessment
      procedures typically found in the literature. As predicted, subjects displayed
      significant decreases in skin temperature each day regardless of the training
      condition they were in. The assessment procedures produced differential results.

PMID- 4019059
TI  - Interhemispheric transmission: assessment with vibratory somatosensory evoked
      potentials.
AB  - Interhemispheric transmission time (ITT) was derived from vibratory somatosensory
      evoked potentials (VSEP) arising in homologous cortical sensory--association
      areas of normals. Two different vibratory sources, an audiometer bone oscillator
      or an Optacon, were used to stimulate each index finger independently. ITT was
      calculated by subtracting the latency of the first major peak over the
      contralateral cortex (CL) from the latency of the corresponding peak over the
      ipsilateral area (IL-CL = ITT). Readily identified aberrant values were observed
      and rejected from the series of measurements leaving clear normal ranges. In
      addition to providing normal ITT data, clinical correlations were illustrated in
      two different disorders. Results suggested that important information relating to
      diagnosis and therapy of brain pathologies affecting interhemispheric
      transmission can now be made available in both experimental and clinical
      situations.

PMID- 4019060
TI  - Arithmetic model for the distributed encoding in the neuron-module.
AB  - A class of arithmetic code defined in residue number system (RNS) is proposed as
      a mathematical model of neural encoding. The formalism of RNS provides for a
      vectorial representation in which the digits in the code-words (the
      "coordinates") contain the information in a distributed manner. These digits and
      the code-words are assumed to represent the states of the neurons and neuron
      modules, respectively. The involved mechanism appears physiologically possible.
      After the number-theoretical background is summarized in a brief though self
      contained way, mathematical assertions are drawn on the error detecting and
      correction capacities of the formalized modules. It is concluded that RNS
      provides an appropriate model of neural encoding though drawing inference by the
      neurons (the evaluation of the encoded information) requires another formalism.

PMID- 4019061
TI  - Age and education do not affect the Caudality (Ca) Scale of the Minnesota
      Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).
AB  - Age and education effects on the Caudality (Ca) Scale of the Minnesota
      Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were investigated. The MMPI was
      administered to a sample of 33 lateralized (21 = right hemisphere, 12 = left
      hemisphere) brain damaged subjects. Demographic data were obtained from hospital
      records and cross-checked with the subjects. The MMPI profiles were computer
      scored and Ca Scale t scores were computed. Ca Scale score correlations were
      computed separately for left and right hemisphere groups for both age and
      education. All correlations failed to meet conventional standards for statistical
      significance. Clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 4019062
TI  - Sociocultural effects in neuropsychological assessment.
AB  - The group selected for this evaluation consisted of 109 normal people with an
      average age of 25, coming from two different sociocultural levels (high and low)
      of Mexico City. All were completely evaluated by Luria's battery for
      neuropsychological assessment, adapted by Ardila, Ostrosky, and Canseco, 1981.
      This group of tests measures nine different areas: Motor Functions, Somatosensory
      Knowledge, Auditory Knowledge, Visuospatial Knowledge, Cognitive Processes,
      Language, Reading, Writing and Basic Calculations. For all of these, the higher
      performance standards were achieved by the subjects from the high sociocultural
      level. A significant interaction between sociocultural level and sex was
      observed. The differences between sexes appear only in subjects from the low
      sociocultural level. Factor analysis of the battery revealed that the most
      sensitive items to sociocultural level were those related on one hand, to the
      handling of complex structural and conceptual aspects of language and on the
      other hand, to the organization of motor sequences and in general motor
      programming. Research related to the differences found is reviewed and
      implications for clinical assessment are discussed.

PMID- 4019063
TI  - Flufenamic acid in prostaglandin migraine.
AB  - A new class of migraine symptomatology is suggested which consists of major signs
      of migraine related to disturbances in the menstrual cycle. Not only are these
      patients different from other migraine patients, they are most responsive to an
      antiprostaglandin drug. This drug is less useful in other forms of migraine. We
      suggest that this type of migraine be called prostaglandin migraine.

PMID- 4019064
TI  - Sleep stages, auditory arousal threshold, and body temperature as predictors of
      behavior upon awakening.
AB  - Attempts to demonstrate sleep stage effects on waking behavior have been
      equivocal at best. The present study provided a more sensitive approach to this
      problem by assessing performance and subjective alertness at repeated awakenings
      across baseline sleep and across recovery sleep following 40 and 64 hours of
      sleep deprivation. These behaviors were then compared to changes in EEG sleep,
      body temperature, and auditory threshold within these nights. Comparison of means
      between baseline and recovery sleep indicated that the behavioral variables were
      generally more sensitive than sleep stages to different amounts of prior
      wakefulness. Multiple regression analyses revealed no consistent covariation
      between behavior and any sleep stage which was independent of the correlations
      among the sleep stages themselves. Thus, distinct functions for specific sleep
      stages were not apparent from the comparison of means or the regression analyses.
      However, significant positive covariations were obtained between body temperature
      and performance, and auditory threshold and sleepiness. Significant negative
      covariations were obtained between body temperature and sleepiness, and auditory
      threshold and performance. From these results it was concluded that the most
      reliable predictors of behavior upon awakening were: the amount of wakefulness
      prior to sleep, the total amount of accrued sleep, circadian time as indexed by
      body temperature, and depth of sleep.

PMID- 4019065
TI  - Impairment in auditory and visual function follows perinatal viral infection in
      the rat.
AB  - Acoustic startle reflexes are elicited by intense tone bursts but inhibited if
      weak bursts precede reflex elicitation. Rats were infected by intracerebral
      inoculation with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) at birth. Compared to
      control animals, infected animals had higher elicitation and inhibition
      thresholds and showed recruitment at intense stimulus levels. Histopathology
      revealed both cochlear and retinal degeneration. Like some infectious agents in
      humans, perinatal exposure to LCMV in the rat yields a severe polysensory
      neuropathy.

PMID- 4019066
TI  - Dose effects of halothane on sensory evoked responses obtained from the cortex,
      reticular formation and central gray.
AB  - Sensory evoked field potentials were recorded from the mesencephalic reticular
      formation (MRF), central gray (CG) and somatosensory cortex (SCX), following
      incremental doses of halothane in freely-moving rats. Halothane concentrations of
      0.25%, 0.5% 1.0% and 2.0% were used. In general, the responses from each
      structure were affected in dose response manner. The averaged acoustic evoked
      responses (AAER) exhibit more sensitivity to halothane than the averaged visual
      evoked responses (AVER). The evoked response and its components obtained from
      each structure were affected differently by halothane mainly following the
      initial two halothane doses, (0.25% and 0.5%); mainly increase in amplitude was
      observed in the recording obtained from the MRF, decrease in the CG, and mixed
      (increase and/or decrease) in SCX. The degree of the depression of the sensory
      evoked responses was directly correlated to the level of anesthesia as assessed
      by sural nerve stimulation.

PMID- 4019067
TI  - Patterns of glycosaminoglycans excretions in the urine of Egyptians differing in
      their vitamin A status.
AB  - Fifty-two boys were tested biochemically for their vitamin A status. Only 54%
      were found to have acceptable Plasma retinol levels. Deficient vitamin A status
      was associated with reduced GAG excretions. Vitamin A therapy restored the plasma
      retinol levels and increased the excretion of GAG. Chondroitin sulfate made up
      90%, heparan sulfate 9.5% and hyaluronic acid less than 1% of the total urinary
      GAG content.

PMID- 4019068
TI  - A simple TLC method for the determination of pro-vitamin A content of fruits and
      vegetables.
AB  - A simple and rapid method to isolate and estimate carotene compositions of
      tomatoes, carrots and green vegetables is described. The chief distinguishing
      features of this method are its simplicity in the preparation of TLC plates that
      avoids the requirements of the TLC applicator, and avoiding the meticulous
      conditions like saturation of chamber etc. employed in the routine TLC methods.
      By employing this method carotene compositions of tomatoes, carrots and the green
      vegetable, Amaranthus gangetica are determined. The time taken for the separation
      of various carotene bands of several samples is as short as 10 minutes. As many
      as 20 different samples could be analyzed at a time. The values obtained for the
      individual carotenoids by this TLC method are in very good agreement with those
      obtained after the column chromatographic separation of the same material.
      Saponification is not required for the extracts from tomatoes and carrots as it
      does not influence the individual values of carotenes. Hence in these cases,
      crude extracts can be directly analyzed by TLC. However, in case of the green
      vegetables (Amaranthus gangetica, for example) the value of beta-carotene after
      saponification was found to be twice the value obtained by TLC of the crude
      extract as such. The general applicability of this method in the separation of
      vitamin A alcohol from its esters, retinoic acid from retinoic acid anhydride
      etc. has been discussed. The method would be quite handy and of particular use to
      especially those carrying out the genetic studies with tomatoes and carrots. It
      could be employed for a quick and accurate determination of pro-vitamin A content
      of fruits and vegetables and is more economical than the standard TLC procedures.

PMID- 4019069
TI  - Stereoisomers of alpha-tocopheryl acetate. III. Simultaneous determination of
      resorption-gestation and myopathy in rats as a means of evaluating biopotency
      ratios of all-rac- and RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate.
AB  - The resorption-gestation test furnishes information on a more complex vitamin
      activity than is the case with other vitamin E tests, so that correspondingly
      more importance attaches to the results. A drawback is their questionable
      validity for species other than the small rodents in which fetal resorption has
      so far been observed. In the four experiments carried out, RRR-alpha-tocopheryl
      acetate (alpha-TA) was compared with all-rac-alpha-TA (USP standard) and a mean
      relative activity of 1.32 was determined. The additional measurement of pyruvate
      kinase (PK) activity serves to emphasize the correlation with nutrition-linked
      myopathy. This biochemical lesion is seen in various animal species and man. In
      two experiments, the parameters fetal resorption and plasma PK activity were
      measured together. For all-rac-alpha-TA and RRR-alpha-TA, the following activity
      ratios were calculated: Resorption-gestation 1:1.35; Myopathy 1:1.47. It could be
      shown that the two parameters are measurable quantitatively in a single
      experimental set-up and that the results are in good agreement. The accepted
      activity of 1 mg RRR-alpha-TA = 1.36 USP Units was fully confirmed.

PMID- 4019070
TI  - Tocopherols and tocotrienols in Finnish foods: human milk and infant formulas.
AB  - Individual tocopherols and tocotrienols in human milk, mother's milk substitutes
      and other infant formulas have been determined by an HPLC method. 107 human milk
      samples (23 colostral, 22 transitional and 62 mature) obtained from six healthy
      mothers throughout the lactation were found to contain all the tocopherols,
      although delta-tocopherol occurred only in traces. A high content of alpha
      tocopherol was found in colostrum (average 1.90 +/- 1.62 (SD) mg/100 g), as
      compared with transitional (0.65 +/- 0.22 mg/100 g) and mature milk (0.47 +/-
      0.16 mg/100 g). The content of beta-tocopherol averaged 0.05 +/- 0.03, 0.02 +/-
      0.01 and 0.02 +/- 0.01 and gamma-tocopherol 0.11 +/- 0.09, 0.07 +/- 0.04 and 0.07
      +/- 0.04 mg/100 g in colostral, transitional and mature milk respectively. The
      alpha-tocopherol equivalents thus were 1.93, 0.66 and 0.49 mg/100 g; their ratios
      to the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids meet the nutritional need of the
      newborn and young infant: 5.7, 2.1 and 1.4 mg/g in colostral, transitional and
      mature milk. Mother's milk substitutes and gruel and porridge powders are
      enriched with tocopherol acetate to vitamin E levels similar to or higher than
      those in human milk: substitutes contained on average 1.4 mg alpha-tocopherol
      equivalents/100 g and reconstituted powders 1.1 mg/100 g. The ratio of vitamin E
      to polyunsaturated fatty acids of these infant formulas was higher than the
      recommended value of 0.6 mg/g. The average values for alpha-tocopherol
      equivalents in fruit-berry and meat-vegetable infant formulas were 0.46 and 0.38
      mg/100 g.

PMID- 4019071
TI  - Effect of vitamin E on cholesterol plasma lipoprotein distribution and metabolism
      in rabbit.
AB  - In the rabbit, after nine weeks on a basal synthetic diet supplemented with
      stripped corn oil and varying amount of vitamin E, plasma cholesterol level was
      depressed as the supplementation of vitamin E was increased. This
      hypocholesterolemic effect was accompanied by an increase in hepatic cholesterol
      7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 level and by a redistribution
      of plasma lipoprotein-cholesterol resulting in the elevation of high density to
      low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio.

PMID- 4019072
TI  - Fortification of sorghum beer with thiamin.
AB  - The consumption of indigenous cereal-based fermented beer is widespread
      throughout Africa and other parts of the world. In some countries such beer is
      brewed commercially as well as at home. As evidence of beri-beri may occur in
      habitual consumers of the beer, the thiamin content of beer brewed commercially
      from a mixture of sorghum and maize was investigated. Thiamin concentration in
      beer averaged 0.33 mg/l, with more than 95% in the cellular fraction, mainly live
      yeast cells. The thiamin in the cells is not generally available for absorption
      and the cells take up thiamin added to the beer. At low concentrations (0.25-0.5
      mg/l) up to 90% of added 14C-thiamin was taken up by the cells but with
      concentrations in excess of 2.5 mg/l, the uptake was less than 30%. These results
      indicate that fortification of sorghum beer with thiamin is feasible. The
      addition of 2.5 mg/l would supply up to 1.6 mg of absorbable thiamin and thus
      meet the recommended daily allowance in the target group of habitual consumers.

PMID- 4019073
TI  - Bioavailability of the thiamin administered as an adduct with menadione.
AB  - In order to investigate the bioavailability of thiamin present in the adduct with
      menadione bisulfite, urinary and faecalis excretion, blood levels and tissue
      content of thiamin in rats after oral administration of this compound, were
      measured. Since the quantity of thiamin excreted, the blood levels as well as the
      vitamin storage in the liver and kidney of rats treated with the adduct are
      similar to those of rats treated with corresponding quantities of thiamin HCl and
      menadione sodium bisulfite this means that the thiamin contained in the adduct
      reacts in the same way as free vitamin in the animal organism.

PMID- 4019074
TI  - High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of flavin adenine dinucleotide
      in whole blood.
AB  - A method for the determination of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide in whole blood is
      presented. The method comprises extraction of the vitamer by using a 6%
      trichloroacetic acid-20% acetonitrile mixture and direct analysis of the sample
      extract by using a straight-phase high performance liquid chromatography. A
      linear calibration curve was obtained for standard vitamer and a satisfactory
      recovery was observed from spiked samples. Evidence for reproducibility and
      precision of the assay is presented. The method was applied to determine vitamer
      levels in blood of healthy subjects.

PMID- 4019075
TI  - Effect of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid on glyoxalase enzyme system.
AB  - The authors studied the effect of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid on glyoxalase
      enzyme system, in order to establish if these substances influence cell
      proliferation by interfering with glyoxalase activity. The results demonstrate
      that both ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid do not alter glyoxalase activity in
      vitro, even if employed at high doses.

PMID- 4019076
TI  - The vitamin status of infants in a free living population.
AB  - In infancy an adequate intake of vitamins, either from natural sources or as
      supplements, is of the utmost importance. The vitamin status of 325 infants was
      studied with regard to their food intake, vitamin supplementation and health from
      birth to the third birthday. Only data on vitamins A, C, E and folic acid are
      presented here. The proportion of bottle-fed infants having a serum level of
      vitamin C less than 0.30 mg/dl was 4.0 times (P less than 0.002), and of vitamin
      E less than 0.35 mg/dl was 2.2 times (P less than 0.05) higher than that of
      breast-fed infants. The proportion of infants with folate level less than 6.0
      ng/ml was identical in both groups. No infant was observed with a vitamin A serum
      level less than 40 mcg/dl. The daily food intake of vitamin C less than 80% of
      RNI was found n 40% of infants at 6 months, in 10% at 12, and in none at 18
      months and afterwards. Vitamin A followed a similar trend. 95% of infants had
      vitamin E and 75% had folate intake less than 80% RNI. Obviously the mean serum
      levels of vitamins A and C were significantly higher in supplemented infants at
      6, 12, 18 and 30 months than in those without supplements. Health indicators,
      measured by number of self-reported illness related symptoms, differed according
      to supplementation. These findings indicated that, even if optimal food intake
      could supply the recommended quantity of vitamins, the risk of marginal
      deficiency always remained higher in infants without supplementation.

PMID- 4019077
TI  - [Methionine supplementation in the diet of the pregnant rat. 2. Riboflavin
      metabolism and hepatic concentration of water, lipid and protein].
AB  - Dietary addition of methionine suppresses the liver lipidosis in gestating rat
      fed a diet containing 9% by weight of casein. Riboflavin metabolism is not
      affected by this addition neither in the dam nor in the newborn rat. Riboflavin
      content in liver increases in the dam along with the protein content of the diet
      but does not change in the newborn rat.

PMID- 4019078
TI  - Zinc content of the diets of the sedentary Bengalees.
AB  - The mean values of zinc in seven samples of vegetarian and seven samples of non
      vegetarian household wholeday diets consumed by sedentary adult Bengalee males
      belonging to the middle income group were found to be 6.06 mg and 5.33 mg
      respectively. The average value of all fourteen diets was 5.72 mg.

PMID- 4019079
TI  - Surgical treatment of portal hypertension in China.
AB  - In 3,263 cases of portal hypertension, various methods of porta-systemic shunt or
      portal-azygous disconnection were applied with reasonable results. In addition to
      the treatment for intractable ascites, peritoneal-jugular shunt and thoracic duct
      jugular anastomosis were employed in 132 cases. This is our approach to portal
      hypertension in the big city hospitals. There is much controversy over the
      suitability of prophylactic surgery and the ideal time for surgery. The reasons
      for prophylactic surgery and the management of bleeding varices are discussed in
      this paper.

PMID- 4019080
TI  - Pneumatic dilatation in the treatment of achalasia.
AB  - The results of a European survey on pneumatic dilatation in the treatment of
      achalasia have been compiled from a questionnaire completed by 18 different
      surgical teams. The total number of patients investigated was 2,161. Surgical
      treatment was prescribed by 94% of teams, whereas pneumatic dilatation was only
      prescribed by 56%. The indications for pneumatic dilatation were: inoperability
      (28%), drug failure (17%), surgical failure (11%). Nine surgeons believe
      pneumatic dilatation is indicated in all cases (50%), four consider it
      ineffective and useless (22%), and one expressed no opinion (6%). The arguments
      in favour of pneumatic dilatation are the fact that the procedure is minor and
      cost efficient and that it is relatively safe and effective with good long-term
      results in 75% of cases. Pneumatic dilatation should be used as the initial
      treatment in achalasia; surgery is only indicated in cases of failure.

PMID- 4019081
TI  - Surgical techniques for gastroesophagostomy with the EEA stapler.
AB  - The techniques using the EEA stapler for gastroesophageal anastomoses are
      described. The instrument saves time, in our opinion, and creates a better
      anastomosis, which can be inspected under direct vision. No intra- or
      postoperative complications were noted in this small group of patients.

PMID- 4019082
TI  - Superinfected actinomycotic abscess of the liver.
AB  - Isolated actinomycotic liver abscess is rare. We report a case with fulminant
      evolution, which was treated successfully with surgery and penicillin. In human
      actinomycosis, Actinomyces israeli is the main infective agent. An abdominal
      localisation is uncommon, occurring in less than 25% of cases. Isolated liver
      lesions are extremely rare; their presence might be interpreted as the result of
      the hematogenous spread of a no longer present intestinal lesion. The evolution
      of actinomycosis is usually torpid. In the present case, mixed infection with
      Fusobacterium nucleatum might explain the acute evolution.

PMID- 4019083
TI  - Reoperation for retained and recurrent bile duct stones.
AB  - The results obtained in 45 patients who underwent 48 common bile duct
      reoperations for retained or recurrent choledocholithiasis are reported. The
      preoperative diagnosis was based on intravenous cholangiography and, in jaundiced
      patients, on echography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with a
      Chiba needle. The operations performed on the biliary tract were
      choledocholithotomy and sphincterotomy (46%), choledocholithotomy (21%),
      sphincterotomy (16%), choledochoduodenostomy (15%) and Roux-Y
      choledochojejunostomy (2%). There were three (6.6%) operative deaths: one biliary
      fistula and two massive digestive hemorrhages. Follow-up lasting from six months
      to 16 years was carried out in 83% of the patients: 73% reported complete well
      being. The causes of "secondary" calculosis are analysed with a critical review
      of the cholangiographic data and the technique performed. The authors conclude
      that routine operative cholangiography with the possible addition of
      choledochoscopy, and adequate biliary drainage are sufficient to prevent
      "secondary" choledocholithiasis.

PMID- 4019084
TI  - Clinical experience with subxyphoid pericardial decompression.
AB  - Between 1971 and 1981, 108 patients with pericardial effusion were treated by
      subxyphoid pericardial decompression. 68 patients (63%) had local anesthesia,
      while general anesthesia was used in 40 (37%). The total group included
      nonspecific (viral) pericarditis in 35 patients (32.4%), uremic pericarditis in
      30 (27.8%); and 20 patients (18.5%) with a malignant etiology, traumatic in ten
      patients (9.3%), six patients (5.6%) following radiation for malignant disease,
      and seven patients (6.5%) due to other causes. Echocardiography was diagnostic in
      all cases. Acute cardiac tamponade necessitated pericardiocentesis as an initial
      procedure in seven patients (6.5%). Subxyphoid pericardial decompression included
      drainage of the pericardial fluid and performance of a 5 X 5 cm pericardial
      window and biopsy of all patients. There were two (1.8%) operative deaths in the
      general anesthesia group but none in the local anesthesia group. There were no
      major complication in the local anesthesia group, but one patient in the general
      anesthesia group, who was severely hypertensive preoperatively, developed
      hemiplegia on the left side. There were five recurrences (4.6%) requiring total
      pericardiectomy at a later date. Subxyphoid pericardial decompression under local
      anesthesia was seen to be a safe and effective procedure for primary
      decompression and diagnosis of acute or chronic pericardial effusion.

PMID- 4019085
TI  - Management of pancreatic pseudocysts in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis with duct
      dilatation.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with pancreatic pseudocysts secondary to alcoholic
      pancreatitis were treated by cystojejunostomy (16), cystoduodenostomy (4) and
      external drainage (1). In all patients, the duct of Wirsung was drained into a
      defunctionalized loop of the jejunum at the same operation. There was no early or
      late mortality. Pseudocyst recurrence did not occur, and only one patient (4.7%)
      had light pain recurrence in the follow-up period. The importance of providing an
      outflow route for the obstructed pancreatic duct, and not just for the
      pseudocyst, is stressed due to this experience with patients affected by
      underlying chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 4019086
TI  - Management of advanced breast cancer in Africa: strategies in the absence of
      hormone receptor assay data.
AB  - The oncologist in Africa and many other Third World countries is hampered in the
      management of breast cancer by the absence of hormone receptor assays in most
      teaching hospitals. The little information that is available in the literature on
      hormone receptors in black, breast cancer patients as well as other available
      hormone receptor information can serve as a data base for the development of a
      rational approach to this management dilemma. Using the available information, an
      approach, in the form of a flow chart, has been developed for the management of
      breast cancer in Africa. It is further suggested that breast cancer should be
      managed using protocols designed to answer various questions about breast cancer
      in Africa.

PMID- 4019088
TI  - Modified Phemister grafting in potentially infected non-union of tibial shaft
      fractures.
AB  - Modified Phemister bone grafting consisting of the raising of an osteoperiosteal
      flap, bone petalling and a cancellous onlay graft for non-union of tibial shaft
      fractures was tried in 43 cases. Thirty-eight out of 43 fractures united after
      one bone grafting procedure, giving a success rate of 88%. The procedure can even
      be used in the presence of low-grade, active infection. This method of bone
      grafting is simple and has no significant complications. Knee motion recovers
      well but ankle and toe stiffness do not improve appreciably from the preoperative
      status. We recommend that Phemister grafting be performed early.

PMID- 4019087
TI  - Carcinoma of the prostate: the treatment of bone metastases by radioactive
      phosphorus (32P).
AB  - The administration of radioactive phosphorus and testosterone benefitted two
      thirds of thirty patients with prostate cancer treated. Subjective relief of bone
      pain occurred in 73% of cases and measurable objective improvement occurred in
      50%. Hematopoietic depression occurred in 30% of the patients necessitating
      readmission to hospital for transfusion. This method of treatment is advocated
      for patients with widespread osseous metastasis, especially those with severe
      pain.

PMID- 4019089
TI  - Complete cleft sternum: classification and surgical repair.
AB  - Primary surgical repair of a complete cleft sternum in a 31-day-old infant is
      reported. Early surgical repair is recommended because it is usually simple,
      achieves good results and primary repair is usually feasible. Alternative
      procedures are discussed and compared with primary repair. The literature is
      reviewed and a clinical classification of the anomaly is proposed.

PMID- 4019090
TI  - Cardiac tamponade as the first manifestation of bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - A case of cardiac tamponade as the first manifestation of bronchogenic
      adenocarcinoma is presented. Diagnosis of metastatic pericarditis with effusion
      was made by echocardiography and cytology of the pericarditis fluid. Because of
      rapid recurrence of the effusion, a pericardial window was created. This
      operation was well tolerated by the patient. A short discussion of metastatic
      pericarditis is given.

PMID- 4019091
TI  - Cardiac tamponade and central venous catheter.
AB  - Two patients survived after emergency surgery for cardiac tamponade which was
      caused by a central venous catheter perforating the right atrium and the right
      ventricle. A review of the literature shows 19 reported cases with only two
      survivals. The possible causes and guidelines for safer use of central venous
      catheters are discussed.

PMID- 4019092
TI  - Lipomatosis of the ileocecal valve causing recurrent small bowel obstruction.
AB  - A case of lipomatosis of the ileocecal valve causing recurrent intestinal
      obstruction is described. Barium enema with air contrast provides an important
      diagnostic tool. If confirmed intraoperatively and by histopathologic examination
      on frozen section, limited resection of the ileum and cecum is advocated rather
      than blind right hemicolectomy.

PMID- 4019093
TI  - Multiseptate gallbladder.
AB  - Nine cases of multiseptate gallbladder have been reported in the English
      literature. Another case is presented. We consider cholecystectomy the treatment
      of choice because it relieves the symptoms and avoids chronic infection and stone
      formation.

PMID- 4019094
TI  - Transcatheter renal artery embolization in the treatment of infected cutaneous
      ureterostomy.
AB  - Palliative renal ablation by means of transcatheter embolization is described. A
      patient with left cutaneous ureterostomy suffered from urosepsis. The left kidney
      was embolized using isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate and Lipiodol in order to stop
      infected urine excretion. Complete recovery was achieved.

PMID- 4019095
TI  - Horizontal fusional responses to stimuli containing artificial scotomas.
AB  - Horizontal fusional responses were studied with stimuli containing binocular or
      monocular, artificial, stabilized, scotomas. Binocular scotomas of 5-deg, 10-deg,
      and 15-deg diameters were utilized. The fusional responses to scotomatic stimuli
      were compared with full-field stimulus responses. All responses contained
      significant motor and nonmotor (sensory) components. Overall motor compensation
      to stimuli with 10-deg and 15-deg scotomas was reduced, while the overall motor
      compensation to stimuli with 5-deg scotomas was not. With full-field stimuli and
      with stimuli containing binocular scotomas, the changes in the two eyes' lines of
      sight were often asymmetric in response to symmetric disparity changes. This
      response asymmetry was exacerbated by the presence of monocular scotomas.
      Fixation was less steady with stimuli containing 10-deg or 15-deg binocular
      scotomas than it was in response to full-field stimulation. The fusional
      responses to annular stimuli were similar to those elicited by scotomatic
      stimuli.

PMID- 4019096
TI  - Visual acuity screening of children 6 months to 3 years of age.
AB  - The operant preferential looking (OPL) procedure allows a behavioral estimate of
      visual acuity to be obtained from children 6 mo to 3 yr of age. In clinical
      settings, there is often too little time available to obtain an acuity estimate
      with the standard OPL procedure. The goal of this study was to identify specific
      spatial frequencies, termed diagnostic grating frequencies, that could enable the
      OPL technique to be used as a screening procedure under conditions where
      completion of acuity estimation was not possible. One hundred eighty
      presumptively normal children, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 mo of age, were each
      tested with up to 20 trials of a potential diagnostic grating frequency to
      determine the highest spatial frequency grating that could be resolved by 90% of
      children at each age. For all ages except 18 mo, there existed a spatial
      frequency that produced uniformly high OPL performance within the age group; this
      spatial frequency was separated by one-half to one octave from a higher spatial
      frequency that more than 30% of children at that age failed to detect. These
      results suggest that at all ages except 18 mo, it should be possible to use the
      OPL procedure as a vision screening tool by testing individual children with the
      diagnostic grating frequency appropriate for their age.

PMID- 4019097
TI  - Pupillary measures of binocular luminance summation in infants and stereoblind
      adults.
AB  - Preverbal infants and children with ocular misalignments do not perform well on
      standard clinical measures of binocular function which require accurate alignment
      of the eyes. In 1983, Birch and Held described a pupillary measure of binocular
      luminance summation that could be used to assess binocular function in strabismic
      infants. They reported a correlation between the onset age of stereopsis and the
      onset age of binocular luminance summation, with both emerging at the end of the
      fourth postnatal month. Using a similar pupillary technique, we measured
      significant levels of binocular luminance summation in infants as young as 2 mo
      of age, as well as in stereoblind adults. In addition, the infant's pupillary
      system, in comparison to the adult's, showed reduced magnitudes and increased
      latencies to luminance increments. The sensitivity of the pupillary system to
      luminance increments provided a better predictor of binocular luminance summation
      (Pearson r = 0.88) than did stereoscopic performance (Pearson r = 0.43). These
      data suggest that developmental changes in the pupillary system itself, rather
      than factors intrinsic to binocular vision, may have been the source of the
      correlation between binocular luminance summation and stereopsis reported by
      Birch and Held.

PMID- 4019098
TI  - Visual evoked potentials in macular disease.
AB  - Although a delayed visual evoked potential is considered to be the hallmark of
      optic nerve disease, relatively little has been published about VEP delays in
      macular disease. In this study, 20 patients with either acquired unilateral
      maculopathy or bilateral maculopathy in which one eye was more affected than the
      other were evaluated. VEP amplitudes and peak latencies were compared between
      eyes when recordable. Nine patients (45%) exhibited significant interocular
      delays in the affected or more affected eye while only four patients (20%)
      exhibited significant interocular attenuations in amplitude. In the nine patients
      exhibiting delays, three patients had a visual acuity of 20/30 or better in the
      affected eye or more affected eye. In the patients exhibiting amplitude
      attenuations, no patient had a visual acuity better than 20/50 in the affected or
      more affected eye. Although the mechanism of VEP delays in maculopathy is not
      clear, a VEP delay, in isolation of other tests, should not be used in the
      differential diagnosis of macular vs optic nerve disease. The clinician should
      specifically rule out macular disease in any patient with a delayed VEP before
      presuming the presence of a visual pathway dysfunction.

PMID- 4019099
TI  - Biochemical features of the grey squirrel lens.
AB  - The ocular lens of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) is an excellent model
      for studies of eye-light interactions that apply to the human system. In this
      diurnal animal, lens size, shape, yellow pigmentation, and light absorption
      properties have important similarities to those of young children. This article
      describes the observations of soluble to insoluble protein conversion with
      chronological aging, and the loss of heavier lens crystallins in the internal as
      compared to the external layers of the lens. Such changes are related to aging,
      as the older lens material is present in the nuclear core, while the younger lens
      material is superficial. It describes the subunit peptides of the soluble
      crystallins and of the extrinsic and instrinsic proteins associated with fiber
      cell membranes. Squirrel lens fiber membranes release most of their extrinsic
      peptides in 8 M urea, as do those of other young animals. Due to the presence of
      near-UV absorbing species of low molecular weight, the squirrel lens has great
      potential for studies of the effects of near-UV radiation on the lens.

PMID- 4019100
TI  - The neurologic evaluation of patients with low-tension glaucoma.
AB  - One hypothesized cause of low-tension glaucoma is chronic or intermittent
      ischemia of the optic nerve. Since the optic nerve and brain are both parts of
      the central nervous system and share a common blood supply, the authors wondered
      if patients with low-tension glaucoma might also have clinical or radiographic
      evidence of cerebral atrophy. In this study, 27 patients with low-tension
      glaucoma were examined using neurobehavioral testing, electroencephalography,
      computerized tomographic scan, neurological history, and physical examination. In
      only a small number of patients were these tests abnormal. However, 12 of the 27
      patients gave a history of common or classic migraine. This unexpected finding
      raises the possibility that migraine-related ischemia might be the pathogenic
      mechanism in some cases of low-tension glaucoma.

PMID- 4019101
TI  - Migraine and low-tension glaucoma. A case-control study.
AB  - The authors administered a standardized headache questionnaire to 54 patients
      with low-tension glaucoma, 182 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, 126
      patients with ocular hypertension, and 493 normal subjects. Patients with low
      tension glaucoma had headaches with or without features of migraine (unilateral
      headache, nausea or vomiting, or visual prodromata) more frequently than did any
      of the other groups. The higher prevalence of headache in low-tension glaucoma
      patients, who were usually elderly, was especially striking when their age was
      considered, since headaches are less common in elderly normal subjects than in
      young normal subjects. Headaches were present in 86% of elderly low-tension
      glaucoma patients (70 yr of age or older) but in only 64% of elderly normal
      subjects (P = 0.04) and only 59% of elderly ocular hypertensive patients (P =
      0.02). Because migraine is an ischemic disorder, its possible association with
      low-tension glaucoma has etiologic and therapeutic implications.

PMID- 4019102
TI  - Destruction of the indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells alters the ERG of
      rabbits.
AB  - The indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells in the rabbit's retina were destroyed
      by intravitreal injections of 5,7-DHT according to the technique of Ehinger and
      Floren. One week after the injections, histofluoresence microscopy failed to show
      the IA-cells in the retina. At this time, the b-wave of the treated eyes was
      significantly smaller, the OPs were more prominent, and the duration of the b
      wave was longer. The a- and c-waves and the off-response were not affected. The
      loss of the IA-cells resulted in a reduction in the range of dark-adaptation but
      did not affect the rate of recovery of the threshold. The loss of the IA-cells
      also had no effect on the response of the retina to flickering light. In a double
      flash experiment, the suppression of the response to the second flash was
      significantly weaker in the treated eyes. These results can be explained by the
      loss of a negative feedback circuit that has been proposed for the IA-cells from
      morphologic studies.

PMID- 4019103
TI  - Blood velocity and volumetric flow rate in human retinal vessels.
AB  - The distributions of blood velocity and volumetric flow rate in individual
      vessels of the normal human retina were determined as a function of vessel
      diameter. The mean velocity of blood, Vmean, was calculated from the centerline
      velocity measured by bidirectional laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). Volumetric
      flow rate was determined from Vmean and the vessel diameter, D, measured from
      monochromatic fundus photographs. Diameter of the arteries and veins at the site
      of the LDV measurements ranged from 39 to 134 microns and 64 to 177 microns,
      respectively. Flow velocity correlated with D (P less than 0.001 for both
      arteries and veins). Volumetric flow rate varied with D at a power of 2.76 +/-
      0.16 for arteries and 2.84 +/- 0.12 for veins, in close agreement with Murray's
      law. Calculated from 12 eyes, the average total arterial and venous volumetric
      flow rates were 33 +/- 9.6 and 34 +/- 6.3 microliters/min, respectively. The good
      agreement between both flow rates suggests that the technique and the assumptions
      for calculating flow yield results that satisfy mass conservation. Total arterial
      and venous volumetric flow rates correlated with total arterial and venous vessel
      cross-section. Volumetric flow rate in the temporal retina was significantly
      greater than in the nasal retina, but the difference is likely to be due to the
      larger area of the temporal retina. No difference in flow rate was observed
      between the superior and inferior retinal hemispheres. Finally, blood velocity in
      the major retinal vessels measured under normal experimental conditions appears
      remarkably constant over short (hours) and long (months) periods of time.

PMID- 4019104
TI  - The effect of pH on the transfer of fluorescein across the blood-retinal barrier.
AB  - The blood-retinal barrier (BRB) might be governed by the same permeability
      principles as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). For a weak acid like fluorescein,
      BRB permeability would be proportional to its pH-dependent lipid solubility,
      according to the pH partition hypothesis. A range of metabolic acidosis was
      produced in 20 rats by the oral administration of NH4Cl; six additional rats
      received normal saline. Four hours later, vitreous fluorophotometry, venous
      fluorescein values, and arterial pH were measured. Significant linear
      relationships were found between vitreous fluorophotometry readings and blood
      hydrogen ion concentrations (p less than 0.025) and plasma fluorescein
      concentrations (p less than 0.05). According to the linear relationship, changing
      the pH from 7.4 to 7.3 or 6.9 would result in an increase in vitreous
      fluorophotometry reading of 8.5 or 72%, respectively. Since the pH partition
      hypothesis predicts values of 52 or 640% our results suggest that the BRB
      conforms less to the hypothesis than does the BBB. Furthermore, although pH
      changes of a magnitude able to influence vitreous fluorophotometry readings
      substantially may occur under experimental conditions in animals, they are
      unlikely to occur in ambulatory human patients.

PMID- 4019105
TI  - A comparison of lipid metabolism in two human retinoblastoma cell lines.
AB  - A number of differences have been observed in the lipid metabolism of cultured
      Y79 and WERI Rb-1 retinoblastoma cells. The Y79 cells have a higher phospholipid
      content and a higher percentage of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides, whereas the
      WERI Rb-1 cells have more triglycerides. This is consistent with the finding that
      most of the polyunsaturated fatty acid taken up by the Y79 cells is incorporated
      into phospholipids, while a sizable amount of the uptake in WERI Rb-1 cells is
      incorporated into triglyceride. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-6 class are
      taken up at about the same rate by both cells, but the n-3 polyunsaturates are
      taken up more rapidly by the Y79 cells. In addition, the Y79 cells convert a
      larger percentage of linoleic acid (18:2, n-6) to arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6)
      and of linolenic acid (18:3, n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3), and they
      accumulate these products when the precursors are added to the culture medium.
      When grown in 10% fetal bovine serum without supplemental fatty acid, however,
      the WERI Rb-1 contain more arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. These
      differences in lipid content and metabolism suggest that although the Y79 and
      WERI Rb-1 cell lines are derived from the same type of retinal tumor, they either
      originated from functionally different retinal neurons or have diverged
      biochemically during propagation in culture.

PMID- 4019106
TI  - The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of sickle cell hyphema.
AB  - Eyes of adult albino rabbits were injected intracamerally with either normal
      saline or anticoagulated human sickle cell blood to study the effect of
      hyperbaric oxygen administration on sickle cell hyphema. The administration of
      two atmospheres of 100% oxygen for 2 hr to the rabbits raised the pO2 of the
      aqueous humor from a baseline value of 63.5 +/- 12.3 mmHg (mean +/- SD) to 620 +/
      133 mmHg in saline-injected eyes and 503.7 +/- 89.1 mmHg in eyes injected with
      human sickle cell blood. This rise in pO2 was highly significant (P less than
      0.0001). The percentage of sickled cells in the anterior chamber 2 hr after
      injection decreased from 35.7 +/- 32.4% in rabbits breathing room air to 4.1 +/-
      2.8% in rabbits exposed to hyperbaric oxygen for 2 hr. Hyperbaric oxygen can thus
      significantly raise aqueous humor pO2 values and decrease the sickling of
      erythrocytes in the anterior chamber and may be of value in patients with sickle
      cell hyphema.

PMID- 4019107
TI  - The acuity card procedure: a rapid test of infant acuity.
AB  - Forced-choice preferential looking (FPL) and operant preferential looking (OPL)
      procedures for testing infant acuity typically require 15-45 min to derive an
      acuity estimate. This article presents a new acuity assessment technique ("acuity
      cards") that combines FPL/OPL stimuli with an observer's subjective assessment of
      an infant's looking behavior. The infant is shown a series of gray cards that
      contain grating targets of various spatial frequencies. An observer watches the
      eye movement patterns and behavior of the infant and judges whether the infant
      can or cannot see the grating on each card in the series. Acuity is estimated as
      the highest spatial frequency that the observer judges the infant to be able to
      see. With this technique, the binocular acuity of normal infants can be estimated
      with reasonable accuracy in the laboratory setting in 3-5 min.

PMID- 4019108
TI  - Age dependence of freezable and nonfreezable water content of normal human
      lenses.
AB  - The cortex, intermediate zone, and nucleus of 19 normal human lenses between the
      ages of 3 and 77 yr were investigated. The freezable water content of the lenses
      was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. The total water content was
      measured by vacuum dehydration. The nonfreezable water content was calculated
      from these two measurements. The total water content of the nucleus and
      intermediate layers decrease with age, while that of the cortex does not vary
      appreciably. The nonfreezable water content of all three regions of normal human
      lenses decreases with age.

PMID- 4019109
TI  - Role of the crystalline lens in the spatial vision loss of the elderly.
AB  - This study examined the contribution of the crystalline lens to the spatial
      contrast sensitivity loss experienced by many healthy older adults. Spatial
      contrast sensitivity was measured in three groups of adults: older adults who had
      undergone cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) insertion; older adults
      who were in good ocular health (agematched to the first group); and young adults
      also in good ocular health. Older adults had decreased contrast sensitivity at
      higher spatial frequencies compared to young adults, agreeing with earlier
      reports. In addition, both groups of older adults had similar contrast
      sensitivity at higher frequencies, contrary to what would be expected if the
      aged, noncataractous crystalline lens significantly hampered contrast transfer in
      the healthy older eye. Results imply that the crystalline lens is not primarily
      responsible for the spatial sensitivity loss of healthy older adults.
      Furthermore, these data indicate that for at least some IOL patients, spatial
      vision can be restored to a level similar to their agemates who have no history
      of lens opacity or ocular disease.

PMID- 4019110
TI  - Gender-related differences in the morphology of the lacrimal gland.
AB  - Previous research has demonstrated that distinct, gender-related differences
      exist in the morphology of the rat lacrimal gland. The purpose of the present
      study was to determine whether this sexual dimorphism is unique to the rat, or
      extends as well to other species. Lacrimal glands were collected from adult male
      and female rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits and humans (biopsies). Tissues were
      processed for light microscopy and examined with a Zeiss Videoplan II image
      analysis system. For morphometric determinations, we measured the area of
      approximately 50 glandular acini per animal for a total count of greater than 244
      acini per gender per species. Our results demonstrated that significant gender
      related differences exist in lacrimal glands of rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits,
      and humans. In all species analyzed, acinar area in lacrimal glands of males was
      larger than that of females. These findings suggest that gender differences in
      lacrimal gland morphology may be a general phenomenon in a variety of species.

PMID- 4019111
TI  - Binding of fluorescein monoglucuronide to human serum albumin.
AB  - The binding to human albumin of fluorescein monoglucuronide, a fluorescent
      metabolite of fluorescein, was studied using two methods: pressure dialysis and
      fluorescence polarization. Both methods indicated that fluorescein
      monoglucuronide binds to human albumin more loosely than fluorescein. The free
      fraction in human plasma estimated from the dissociation constant and the number
      of binding sites was in a range from 31 to 37%. Fluorescence of fluorescein was
      significantly quenched by the albumin binding, but fluorescence of fluorescein
      monoglucuronide was not affected by albumin. The relative molar intensity of
      fluorescence between these fluorophores varied from 3.2 to 37.3, depending on the
      excitation wavelength.

PMID- 4019112
TI  - Prostaglandins E3 and D3 lower intraocular pressure.
AB  - The effects of the prostaglandin (PG)-3 series products PGE3 and PGD3 on the
      intraocular pressure of rabbits were studied. PGE3 at 0.001 and 0.01 mg/eye and
      PGD3 at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/eye doses were applied topically (in 50-microliters
      volume) to the normal rabbit eye. Both PGE3 and PGD3 significantly lowered
      intraocular pressure at all doses tested and the IOP lowering response lasted at
      least 240 min. Topical PGE3 at 0.01 mg/eye caused mild conjunctival hyperemia
      which lasted up to 180 min. PGD3, on the other hand, did not induce conjunctival
      hyperemia. In addition, following application of these PGs, there was no miosis
      or other sign of intraocular inflammation detectable by slit-lamp examination.

PMID- 4019113
TI  - Statistical analysis of multi-eye data in ophthalmic research.
AB  - An apparently common error in statistical analysis of ophthalmic data is to
      perform statistical tests that do not account for the correlation generally
      present between observations made for the right and left eyes of a subject. This
      error has as a consequence an overstatement of the precision of the study,
      resulting in incorrect P values which indicate a greater measure of statistical
      significance than the data warrant. As measures to reduce the occurrence of this
      serious error in statistical analyses, the authors recommend increased emphasis
      on educational programs for investigators, stimulation of nontechnical articles
      reviewing statistical methods, and a sharper focus upon statistical analysis in
      the peer review process.

PMID- 4019114
TI  - Improved method for restraining rabbits for examination of the eye.

PMID- 4019115
TI  - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of mitoxantrone in man.
AB  - An HPLC method using paired-ion chromatography on RP C-18 material was developed.
      After sample clean up on XAD columns, mitoxantrone (Novantrone;
      dihydroxyanthracenedione) in concentrations below 1 ng/ml in serum and 0.2 ng/ml
      in urine were measurable with a coefficient of variation less than 9.3% at a
      wavelength of 658 nm. Four metabolites were separated in urine. The major
      metabolite cochromatographed with the synthesized dicarboxylic acid of
      mitoxantrone. Within 48 hours 4.4% of the administered dose was excreted in urine
      as mitoxantrone, 0.5% as metabolite 1 and 0.3% as metabolite 2. The
      pharmacokinetic parameters are adequately described by a three-compartment model
      with a terminal half-life of 214.8 hours, and a volume of distribution (ss) of
      3792 litres. The total body clearance was 358 ml/min and the renal clearance was
      26.2 ml/min.

PMID- 4019116
TI  - Evaluation of mitoxantrone cardiac toxicity by nuclear angiography and
      endomyocardial biopsy: an update.
AB  - Sixty-six patients who underwent endomyocardial biopsy for detection of
      mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) cardiac toxicity were
      evaluated. All but one had breast cancer, 29 had received prior doxorubicin and
      29 of the 37 patients who had not had prior doxorubicin received it or another
      anthracycline subsequently. Endomyocardial biopsy was carried out initially after
      four courses of chemotherapy with increasing intervals thereafter. Although
      cardiac ejection fraction was determined before each course of chemotherapy, our
      data are limited to cardiac ejection fractions from our own institution which
      were repeated approximately every four courses. Endomyocardial biopsy changes
      consisting of dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum with vacuole formation,
      and myofibrillar dropout are similar to the early changes of anthracycline
      cardiomyopathy. While there was a slight suggestion of increasing biopsy grade
      with increasing mitoxantrone dose, no significant changes in cardiac ejection
      fraction could be associated, regardless of prior doxorubicin therapy. We
      concluded that mitoxantrone does show morphologic evidence of cardiac toxicity;
      however, the structural changes are minor and are haemodynamically insignificant.
      Determination of how much mitoxantrone treatment may contribute to the
      deterioration of pre-existing doxorubicin damage must await the outcome of longer
      follow-up.

PMID- 4019117
TI  - Mitoxantrone as a first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Forty-two women with measurable or evaluable advanced breast cancer who had
      received neither prior chemotherapy for advanced disease nor any anthracycline
      containing regimen as adjuvant were entered in a phase II study of mitoxantrone
      (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione). Patients were aged from 36 to 80 years,
      performance status was from 0 to 2. All patients had normal hematological status
      and normal renal and liver function tests. Cardiac scintigraphy and sonography
      techniques were used to monitor cardiac function. Mitoxantrone was administered
      at a dose of 14 mg/m2 in 100 ml 5% dextrose solution over 30 minutes, repeated
      every three weeks. The number of courses per patient ranged from 2 to 12. Of 42
      eligible patients 39 were fully evaluable for response and all for drug toxicity.
      Responses to treatment were: complete response four patients, partial response 10
      patients, stable disease 18 patients and progressive disease seven patients. The
      overall response rate was 36% (95% confidence limits 20-52%). Three patients
      showed decreased left ventricular ejection fraction but no patient developed
      signs of overt left ventricular failure during the treatment period.
      Hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities were mild. Hair loss was minimal.
      The data indicate that mitoxantrone is an effective agent for the treatment of
      advanced breast cancer with mild side-effects, especially with respect to
      nausea/vomiting, hair loss and cardiotoxicity.

PMID- 4019118
TI  - Mitoxantrone as first-line chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer: results of a
      collaborative European study.
AB  - Mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) is a substituted
      anthraquinone with a spectrum of activity similar to doxorubicin in experimental
      tumors. One hundred and seventy three patients with advanced breast cancer and no
      prior cytotoxic therapy for advanced disease entered a phase II study of
      mitoxantrone, 14 mg/m2 i.v. repeated every 3 weeks. At the time of this analysis
      116 patients were evaluable. Eight patients achieved a complete response and 27 a
      partial response, the overall response rate being 30% (95% confidence limits: 22
      39%). The median time until response was recorded was 15 weeks. The median
      duration of response was 74+ weeks and the median time to progression or death
      for all 116 patients was 22+ weeks. Mitoxantrone was well tolerated with
      myelosuppression as the dose-limiting toxicity. The most frequent non
      haematological toxicities were nausea and vomiting (65%) but they were rarely
      severe. Total alopecia occurred in only 6% of the patients. Four patients
      developed clinically significant evidence of cardiotoxicity after cumulative
      mitoxantrone doses of 174-256 mg/m2. Thus, mitoxantrone offers comparable
      efficacy and less acute toxicity than the most active single agents currently
      available in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 4019119
TI  - Mitoxantrone combined to vincristine, cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil in
      advanced breast cancer.
AB  - In our wide experience of treating advanced breast carcinoma with chemotherapy,
      the combination of doxorubicin (DOX), vincristine (VCR), cyclophosphamide (CPM)
      and fluorouracil (FU) gave a complete plus partial response rate of over 60%,
      with 100% alopecia and frequent cardiac toxicity depending on total dose. After
      the EORTC Clinical Screening Group phase II trial we have conducted an "expected
      difference method" comparative phase II trial using the combination DOX, VCR,
      CPM, FU and the combination of MTX (10mg/m2), VCR, CPM and FU on a population of
      50 breast carcinoma patients similar to those taking part in the first study. The
      reasons for similarity of action will be presented and discussed.

PMID- 4019120
TI  - First-line combination chemotherapy with mitoxantrone and cyclophosphamide in
      advanced breast cancer.
AB  - In this study, 30 evaluable patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast were
      treated with cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 i.v. followed one day later with
      mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) 16 mg/m2 i.v. Drug treatment
      was repeated every 3-4 weeks, for a maximum of 12 cycles. The overall response
      rate was 43%; five of 30 patients (16%) attained a complete remission, and eight
      of 30 (27%) had a partial remission. Median response duration was 12+ months. The
      greater number of responses was seen in skin and soft tissues. Hematologic
      toxicity was limiting with 75% of patients experiencing substantial-severe
      leukopenia. Clinically evident heart failure developed in one patient; in three
      other patients there was minor-moderate alteration of cardiac function during
      mitoxantrone-cyclophosphamide therapy. Based on these data, it is believed that
      this regimen may provide significant long-lasting palliation in patients with
      advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 4019121
TI  - Phase II studies of mitoxantrone in patients with primary liver cancer.
AB  - Forty-nine patients with histologically confirmed primary liver cancer have been
      entered on phase II trials of mitoxantrone (Novantrone;
      dihydroxyanthracenedione), at a dose of 14 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Among the
      patients evaluable for toxicity, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were the most
      important side-effects encountered. Partial responses have been observed. In a
      significant number of patients the disease remained stable for at least 1 month.
      At present the median survival time is, however, only 12 weeks. The response rate
      and median survival times are similar to those documented with other single
      cytotoxic drugs, given to comparable groups of patients with primary liver
      cancer.

PMID- 4019122
TI  - Mitoxantrone in refractory acute leukemia in children: a phase I study.
AB  - Nine children with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), ages 16 months to 16
      years (median 7 years), and 15 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL),
      ages 10 months to 18 years (median 5 years), were treated with 5-day courses of
      mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) as induction therapy. All the
      children had leukemia which was resistant to conventional therapy and all but one
      patient had received anthracycline therapy prior to the initiation of this trial.
      Three patients (two with ANLL, one with ALL) received the drug at a dose of 6
      mg/m2/day i.v. for 5 days. Both patients with ANLL achieved partial remissions
      (PR) (105 and 87 days duration). The child with ALL failed to respond to two
      courses of the drug, and died of progressive disease 45 days after the
      institution of therapy. Twenty-one patients (14 with ALL, seven with ANLL) were
      treated with 8 mg/m2/day i.v. mitoxantrone for 5 days. There were three early
      deaths (all ALL) which were not felt to be secondary to drug toxicity. Four of
      the 18 children achieved complete remission (CR) (one ANLL - 35 days; three ALL -
      39, 31 and 13 days). One child with ANLL achieved a PR (13 days) and one child
      with ALL showed improvement in his bone marrow status. Twelve children failed to
      respond to this therapy. Dose-limiting toxicity was not seen among the patients
      who received 6 mg/m2/day for 5 days. There were five patients who had mucositis
      and one patient who had nausea and vomiting among those patients who received 8
      mg/m2/day for 5 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019124
TI  - Increased platelet aggregation following splenectomy in patients with
      myeloproliferative disease.
AB  - In 30 patients with myeloproliferative disorders, decreased platelet aggregation
      in response to both ADP and collagen was demonstrated. The hypoaggregability was
      more drastic in patients with large spleens. Patients who had had splenectomy in
      the past showed normal platelet aggregation. In order to understand the role of
      the spleen in platelet function, platelet aggregation was studied in three
      patients with myeloproliferative disorders during the week following splenectomy
      and was compared to platelet aggregation in three control patients undergoing
      orthopedic operations. After splenectomy, platelet aggregation significantly
      increased, reaching a maximum after 3 to 4 days, but returned to presplenectomy
      values after 1 week. This is in contrast to the control patients, in whom no
      significant changes in platelet aggregation were observed. Our results suggest
      that the spleen retains or catabolizes the most hemostatically effective
      platelets.

PMID- 4019123
TI  - Mitoxantrone in malignant lymphoma.
AB  - Two phase II trials of mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) in
      refractory malignant lymphoma have been conducted. In the first of these,
      mitoxantrone, 5 mg/m2, was given weekly for six weeks and in the second, 14 mg/m2
      was administered every three weeks. The first trial was conducted by the
      Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SECSG) and the second was a multicenter trial
      sponsored by Lederle Laboratories. Of the 51 patients entered in the SECSG trial,
      28 could be evaluated for response and 43 for toxicity. WBC nadirs below 4.0 X
      10(9)/litre were recorded in 25 patients. Three partial responses and no complete
      responses were obtained. These results contrast with those of the single dose
      every three weeks study in which 96 patients were entered and 69 of these were
      evaluated for response. Responses were obtained in 30 patients (4 complete, 26
      partial). Side-effects on this three-weekly dose regimen were minimal. WBC nadirs
      below 4.0 X 10(9)/litre occurred in 85 patients. Twenty-three patients
      experienced at least mild nausea and vomiting and 15 had at least mild alopecia.
      These preliminary data indicate that mitoxantrone has significant activity in
      malignant lymphoma. All of the responding patients had received extensive prior
      therapy, many of them with anthracyclines in combination or as single agents. The
      higher response rate to mitoxantrone given at 14 mg/m2 every three weeks suggests
      that careful consideration should be given to dose schedule when this drug is
      examined further in phase III trials.

PMID- 4019125
TI  - Unexplained episodes of fever: an early manifestation of colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - The possibility that fever may be an early manifestation of colorectal carcinoma
      was examined. Of 92 consecutive patients, 28 had preoperative fever. In four
      patients the fever was the presenting symptom of the colonic tumor, and in
      another six patients it preceded gastrointestinal complaints by 1 week to 4
      months. Fever was thus the earliest manifestation of colorectal carcinoma in
      10.8% of the patients. In 13 of the 28 patients the fever could not be explained
      by the intraoperative findings. We suggest that transient bacteremia may be a
      common but frequently overlooked manifestation of colonic cancer. Prognosis of
      the patient may be improved by alertness to the possibility that an episode of
      unexplained fever may be the first, and sometimes the only, manifestation of
      colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 4019126
TI  - In vitro synthesis of IgE in atopic and nonatopic individuals: the effects of
      pokeweed mitogen, Staphylococcus aureus-derived mitogens, and cycloheximide.
AB  - We studied the production of immunoglobulin (Ig)E in cultures containing
      mononuclear cells obtained from atopic and nonatopic subjects. The two groups did
      not differ in their baseline production of IgE. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and three
      different products of Staphylococcus aureus: purified protein A, heat-killed
      formalinized bacteria, and double-formalinized bacteria--induced a significant
      increase in the in vitro production of IgE. Mononuclear cells from both atopic
      and nonatopic individuals were stimulated to the same degree by all four
      mitogens. The increased production of IgE by PWM was totally abolished by
      cycloheximide; hence it was due to de novo protein synthesis.

PMID- 4019127
TI  - Carotid sinus syndrome: an overlooked cause of syncope.
AB  - Carotid sinus syncope was diagnosed during a 2-year period in 21 men and 5 women,
      aged 51 to 80 years, who had experienced 1 to 30 syncopal episodes during periods
      of time which varied from 1 day to 6 years. In 19 of these patients there was
      evidence of organic heart disease. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity of the
      cardioinhibitory type was present in 14 patients, the vasodepressor type in 1
      patient, and a mixed type in 7 patients. In four patients with the
      cardioinhibitory response, the possibility of the vasodepressor response was not
      excluded. A pacemaker was placed in 17 patients, deferred in 4 patients and
      refused by 5 patients. Follow-up of patients with pacemakers over 9.5 +/- 7.0
      (SD) months revealed recurrence of symptoms in two patients due to a previously
      unrecognized vasodepressor response. Follow-up of the patients without pacemakers
      was brief (4.6 +/- 3.7 months), and they remained asymptomatic, except for one
      patient with recurring vertigo.

PMID- 4019128
TI  - Septicemia with two distinct strains of Staphylococcus aureus and dwarf variants
      of both.
AB  - A patient with erythema multiforme developed septicemia with two strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus. Six blood cultures, obtained during 14 days, yielded a
      mixture of both strains. The strains differed in the ability to hemolyze human
      erythrocytes, in the production of beta-lactamase and in the susceptibility to
      antibiotics and bacteriophages. Following therapy with gentamicin, a Dwarf colony
      variant auxotrophic for vitamin K, tryptophan and p-aminobenzoic acid appeared in
      some of the blood cultures. This variant was apparently derived from one of the
      offending strains (phage Type 55/71). From other blood cultures, a different type
      of Dwarf colony variant was obtained; this variant was of the same phage type as
      the other offending S. aureus strain (Type 85). The metabolic deficiencies of
      this strain were not unraveled. Both events, the double infection with distinct
      S. aureus strains, and the emergence of Dwarf variants during antibiotic therapy,
      are unusual in clinical practice, and will be detected only if laboratory staff
      pays particular attention to the possible occurrence of such events.

PMID- 4019129
TI  - Temporal lobe meningioma masked by polymyalgia rheumatica.
AB  - An elderly woman who had a typical polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) syndrome,
      associated with severe headache, was considered to have giant cell arteritis
      despite negative temporal artery biopsies and was treated with corticosteroids.
      At autopsy, no arteritis, but a large temporal lobe meningioma, was found as the
      cause of her headache. Both PMR and meningiomas are frequent in elderly patients,
      and overlapping symptoms may occur. Patients with PMR and headache should be
      fully investigated to exclude an occult meningioma or other disease, especially
      when no positive histologic evidence of temporal arteritis can be obtained.

PMID- 4019130
TI  - Rheumatic carditis presenting as acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Two weeks following streptococcal tonsillitis two patients developed migratory
      arthralgia, fever and pericarditic chest pain, followed by an episode of severe
      coronary retrosternal pressure. The ECG during the latter episodes revealed ST
      elevation in the inferior wall leads, followed later by the appearance of
      pathological Q waves in the same leads which persisted for only a few days.
      Radionuclide scans and echocardiographic studies revealed localized involvement
      of the inferior left ventricle in both cases and, in addition, involvement of the
      right ventricle in have been suggested to explain the co-occurrence of viral
      myopericarditis and myocardial infarction (MI)-like picture during acute
      rheumatic fever can be explained either by coronary vasculitis resulting in
      myocardial ischemia, or by direct involvement of the myocardium because of an
      inflammatory process. Both mechanisms have been suggested to explain the co
      occurrence of viral myopericarditis and myocardial necrosis. The transient Q
      waves were probably produced by stunning of the myocytes during the acute phase
      of the disease. Increased awareness will probably result in detection of similar
      cases and may contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of the MI-like picture
      of acute rheumatic fever.

PMID- 4019131
TI  - Plasma fibronectin levels in various clinical conditions.

PMID- 4019132
TI  - Newborn with multiple joint contractures due to maternal bicornuate uterus.

PMID- 4019133
TI  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis in an Israeli tourist. The
      importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy.

PMID- 4019134
TI  - Sternoclavicular arthritis and osteomyelitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, not
      related to drug abuse.

PMID- 4019135
TI  - Salivary composition in asthmatic children on theophylline.

PMID- 4019136
TI  - Salivary theophylline: a reliable alternative to monitoring serum levels?

PMID- 4019137
TI  - Rapid growth of human epithelium in tissue culture.

PMID- 4019138
TI  - Perianal tuberculosis, a case report.

PMID- 4019139
TI  - Hyperchloremic acidosis during the recovery phase from diabetic ketoacidosis.

PMID- 4019140
TI  - Chorion villi biopsy.

PMID- 4019141
TI  - Screening for neonatal hypothyroidism in Israel during a 4-year period.
AB  - The neonatal hypothyroidism (NH) screening program in Israel was initiated in May
      1978, and by the end of April 1984, 538,565 infants had been screened. One
      hundred sixty-six newborns were found to have NH; 7 of these exhibited only
      transient hypothyroidism. During the screening period the average age for
      initiation of treatment decreased from 6 to 4.8 weeks. A thyroid scan was
      performed on 51 of the neonates with NH; 41% had agenesis of the thyroid, 24%
      ectopic thyroid tissue, 29% dyshormonogenesis, and 6% secondary or tertiary
      hypothyroidism. This high incidence of dyshormonogenesis in Israel is probably
      due to a high rate of consanguinity among the Arab population and also within
      some of the Jewish ethnic groups. No blood sample was received from four infants
      with NH, and one infant with NH was not notified. This study indicates that a
      neonatal screening program can effectively detect infants with NH, resulting in
      earlier treatment.

PMID- 4019142
TI  - Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Prognostic factors in a group of 90 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      were studied by methods of survival analysis. The relationship between survival
      and a set of demographic, clinical and laboratory variables, and identification
      of subsets of variables that are associated with survival, was tested by
      multivariate analysis, which is based upon Cox proportional hazards regression
      models in a stepwise procedure. Six variables showed significant correlation with
      survival: lymph node enlargement, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, increased
      percentage (greater than 80%) of lymphocytes, hyperuricemia, and anemia. Stepwise
      analysis showed that the number of coexistent risk factors was a better predictor
      of survival than any single risk marker (P less than 0.001). Median survival of
      patients with 0 or 1 risk marker was 120 months; with 2 or 3, 96 months; with 4,
      36 months; and with 5 or 6, only 24 months. Comparison of staging by number of
      risk markers with staging of the same patients by the Rai system showed a
      significant trend of decreasing survival with increasing number of risk markers
      within the same Rai stage. Staging by the number of coexistent risk markers is a
      simple and readily available method, which may complement existing methods to
      provide a more accurate assessment of prognosis in patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 4019143
TI  - Nutritional status of a population assessed on the basis of a group of blood
      donors.
AB  - Several blood constituents were used to evaluate the nutritional status of a
      random, consecutive group of 655 blood donors. The population included 503 men
      and 152 women, with a mean age of 35.1 years; 26.8% of the women and 26.5% of the
      men had deficient levels of ascorbic acid; 18.0% of the women an 11.9% of the men
      had hemoglobin levels below normal. Plasma iron was inadequate in 29.3% of the
      women and 18.6% of the men. A very small number of donors were found to be
      deficient in carotene, retinol, thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine. These
      findings call attention to an unexpected aspect of nutrition in an apparently
      healthy, not undernourished population.

PMID- 4019144
TI  - Echocardiographic findings of mitral and tricuspid valve prolapse in primary
      pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Echocardiographic findings in six patients with primary pulmonary hypertension
      are presented. Four of six patients had abnormal septal motion with prolapse of
      mitral and tricuspid valves. The other two had none of the three
      echocardiographic abnormalities. It is possible that hemodynamic changes in
      ventricular pressure gradients across the interventricular septum cause an
      abnormal septal motion and secondary AV valve prolapse.

PMID- 4019145
TI  - Local anesthesia in carotid endarterectomy: an alternative method.
AB  - Results of carotid endarterectomy (41 operations) carried out under local
      anesthesia are presented. There were no deaths within 30 days. Three patients had
      undergone surgery with a temporary internal shunt, following signs of
      neurological changes (unconsciousness, aphasia, motor changes) during 1-min test
      cross-clamping. No neurologic deficits were observed, and only two patients
      (4.8%) experienced postoperative hypertension. These data support the view that
      simple neurological monitoring of awake patients enables accurate assessment of
      the need for an internal carotid shunt. Carotid endarterectomy under local
      anesthesia seems to be a very safe procedure. Use of this technique is especially
      appropriate for elderly patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 4019146
TI  - Transperitoneal migration and ovum capture in rabbits.
AB  - It is not fully understood how eggs are captured by the fallopian tube. The close
      proximity of tube and ovary, and the movements of the fimbria across the ovarian
      surface during ovulation, are believed to contribute to ovum pickup. We studied
      the efficiency of ovum capture when contact between fimbria and ovary is
      prevented and the extent to which ovum transmigration may contribute to
      fertility. Unilateral right oophorectomy was performed in 55 rabbits, which were
      divided into three groups: in Group A, the contralateral oviduct was left intact;
      in Group B, the ampulla of the contralateral oviduct was occluded; in Group C,
      contralateral total salpingectomy was performed. None of the rabbits in Group A
      conceived on the oophorectomized side. Seven of 19 animals became pregnant in
      Group B and 15 of 18 conceived in Group C. The results indicate that direct
      fimbrial-ovarian contact is not essential for ovum capture, and that ovum
      transmigration could contribute to fertility.

PMID- 4019147
TI  - Pheochromocytoma of the organ of Zuckerkandl presenting as shock.
AB  - A patient with unusual manifestations of pheochromocytoma, together with a
      relatively rare localization of the tumor in the organ of Zuckerkandl, is
      presented. There was a sharp fall in blood pressure to shock levels and transient
      severe cardiomyopathy, as evidenced by ECG changes, all of which disappeared
      postoperatively. We suggest several explanations for these unusual
      manifestations.

PMID- 4019148
TI  - Pediatric traumatic spinal cord injuries in Israel.

PMID- 4019149
TI  - X-ray findings of peripheral joints in essential cryoglobulinemia.

PMID- 4019150
TI  - Gentamicin-digoxin interaction in the rat kidney.

PMID- 4019151
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of cystinosis upon exposure of amniotic cells to cystine
      dimethyl ester.

PMID- 4019152
TI  - Hypoglycemic and life-prolonging properties of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract in
      diabetic rats.

PMID- 4019153
TI  - Crepitant cellulitis due to Enterobacter aerogenes.

PMID- 4019154
TI  - Incidence of pyloric stenosis in northern Israel.

PMID- 4019155
TI  - Endoscopic reduction of acute gastric volvulus complicating motor neuron disease.

PMID- 4019156
TI  - Recurrent instability of the gleno-humeral joint.
AB  - The importance of instability in the determination of painful syndromes of the
      shoulder is examined, with particular reference to young people who engage in
      sport. The physiopathology and clinical features are described, and the
      importance of diagnostic tests is emphasized. These often disclose the underlying
      pathological anatomy. Surgical treatment, which is indicated whenever the lesion
      is well documented, follows the methods used in treating recurrent dislocation.
      The validity of the method of Latarjet and Bristow is emphasized.

PMID- 4019157
TI  - Growth disturbances following fractures of the femur and tibia in children.
AB  - Growth disturbances can occur following fractures of the femur or tibia in
      children. They can produce lengthening, shortening, axial and rotational
      deformities. The number of variable factors involved is such that valid
      statistical analysis demands a very large series of well documented cases
      followed up until growth ceases or stabilisation is established. We hope to
      inaugurate such a survey in collaboration with other large centers. In the
      present limited survey of 174 the only statistically valid conclusions were that
      age and type of treatment are relevant factors in producing lengthening. In the
      other factors investigated the survey was not large enough to provide valid
      answers. It has been established that after metaphyseal or diaphyseal fractures
      in children disturbances of growth may occur resulting in accelerated growth,
      retarded growth, axial deformities and rotational deformities. The literature,
      although extensive, leaves many questions unanswered while on other matters, such
      as the role of certain factors in the pathogenesis of these disturbances, there
      is often conflicting data. In a brief review of the literature we decided to
      simplify our research by confining our observations to data relating only to
      single diaphyseal fractures.

PMID- 4019158
TI  - Growth disturbances following fractures of the femur and tibia in children.
AB  - We reviewed 160 diaphyseal and metaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia in
      children treated between 1964 and 1980 at the Orthopaedic and Traumatological
      Clinic of the University of Rome. The initial documentation was complete in these
      cases and 96 presented for clinical and radiographic long-term follow-up. The
      analysis of this material showed that lengthening of the affected limb had
      occurred in 46% of cases. The amount of such lengthening, however, was only from
      0.5 to 1.5 cm and never exceeded 2 cms. It was most frequent in children between
      the ages of 3 to 8 years with fractures of the tibia, particularly in the upper
      third of the bone.

PMID- 4019159
TI  - Growth disturbances following fractures of the femur and tibia in children.
AB  - During a period of 10 years we treated 855 children aged from 1 to 13 years
      suffering from diaphyseal fractures of the femur or tibia. From this material we
      were able to compile statistics regarding age, type and level of fracture,
      quality of reduction and duration of traction. From this material we were able to
      follow-up 357 fractures at a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 12 years with a view
      to evaluating the incidence of dysmetria in relation to age, level of fracture,
      and the presence of compensatory scoliosis. Our survey showed that lengthening
      due to growth disturbance following fractures is more frequent in fractures of
      the middle third of the bone in children in the 5-9 years age group. It also
      showed that spontaneous correction of axial deformities during growth is more
      likely to occur in the sagittal plane than in the frontal plane. The radiographic
      survey showed constant thickening of the fractured diaphysis with sclerosis of
      the load bearing cortex and thinning where the cortex is under tension.

PMID- 4019160
TI  - Growth disturbances following fractures of the femur and tibia in children.
AB  - The authors reviewed 477 diaphyseal fractures of the long bones in the lower
      limbs of children between the ages of one to 11 years treated at our Institute
      between 1976 and 1982. The objective was to evaluate the incidence and extent of
      post fracture lengthening and its possible relationship to the method of
      treatment. The amount of lengthening observed never exceeded 2 cms. and this
      always occurred in the early months after injury and then ceased. There was no
      statistical relationship with the method of treatment or with the type of
      fracture. For any valid assessment of such statistics, however, it would be
      necessary first to know the incidence of lower limb dysmetria in a similar group
      of normal children who had not sustained fractures.

PMID- 4019161
TI  - The importance of the angle of anteversion in the development of arthritis of the
      hip.
AB  - The angle of anteversion, assessed by the Dunlap technique, was determined in 30
      patients suffering from primary osteoarthritis of the hip. This was compared with
      the same angle in 10 normal subjects. The patients with arthritis showed a
      statistically significant increase in the angle. This is considered by the
      authors to play a significant part in the pathogenesis of primary osteoarthritis
      of the hip.

PMID- 4019162
TI  - Stable fixation of fractures of the forearm in adults.
AB  - The results are presented of 148 fractures of the radius and ulna in 89 patients.
      All were treated by AO compression plating. The results were assessed at an
      average of 4.5 years. In 80% of cases these were functionally excellent and
      confirm that this method of treatment gives early consolidation and restoration
      of good function in adults. However, there is a significant percentage of
      complications in open fractures of both bones.

PMID- 4019163
TI  - Rotatory subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint.
AB  - Twelve cases of rotatory subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint are presented.
      The pathogenesis of this lesion is discussed, in particular why it is prevalent
      in children. The radiographic and clinical features are described. The long-term
      results emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, which are
      essential if the best results are to be obtained.

PMID- 4019165
TI  - Transposition of the 5th to the 4th ray by osteotomy of the hamate.
AB  - The authors present 5 cases of transposition of the 5th to the 4th ray according
      to Le Viet's method. This is indicated for the aesthetic and functional defects
      that follow total or subtotal amputation of the ring finger. The technique
      consists of radial transposition of the whole ray and intracarpal arthrodesis
      after cuneiform osteotomy of the hamate bone. It is easier to perform than the
      traditional metacarpal osteotomy and the results were uniformly good.

PMID- 4019164
TI  - Osteogenesis imperfecta. A study of 10 cases.
AB  - From a retrospective study of 10 cases of osteogenesis imperfecta the authors
      have verified the usefulness of the classification proposed by Sillence. This has
      particular advantages in relation to correct prenatal diagnosis and genetic
      counselling.

PMID- 4019166
TI  - The Risser plaster corset as the only method of correction in the surgical
      treatment of scoliosis. A study of 150 cases.
AB  - The authors analyse a consecutive series of 150 vertebral arthrodeses for
      scoliosis in which Risser's plaster technique was used as the only method of
      achieving correction. The results are analysed in relation to the most important
      factors in order to make them suitable for comparison with similar cases treated
      by the Harrington instrumentation method, the main justification for which is the
      reduced period of immobilisation. The results of the Risser technique compare
      favourably with those of the Harrington technique, in addition to which they
      showed several advantages.

PMID- 4019167
TI  - Acetabular wear in Charnley's polyethylene prosthesis.
AB  - During the last 13 years, 747 Charnley total prostheses were carried out. These
      cases have been critically reviewed in relation to the phenomenon of wear of the
      acetabular polyethylene. The possibility and limitations of measuring this
      radiographically are considered. The statistical data obtained is discussed and
      the acetabular wear is evaluated in relation to the length of time since the
      prosthesis was inserted.

PMID- 4019168
TI  - Some new aspects of the functional anatomy of the shoulder.
AB  - The authors investigated the functional role of the shoulder muscles in various
      active movements using simultaneous polymyographic recordings. Ten muscles were
      investigated in both normal subjects and in patients with pathological
      conditions. Ten patients were also studied during the course of operations for
      nonrelated conditions by "tetanizing" stimulation of nerves to individual muscles
      to determine their action as single muscles.

PMID- 4019169
TI  - The pathology of the rotator cuff of the shoulder.
AB  - The pathology of the rotator cuff of the shoulder, which is often regarded as
      synonymous with the condition known as peri-arthritis of the shoulder, comprises:
      calcified tendinopathy, tendinosis, the acromio-humeral friction syndrome and
      rupture of the rotator cuff tendons. The authors analyse the various aspects of
      these pathological conditions in the light of recent physiopathological and
      clinical findings.

PMID- 4019170
TI  - The fieldworker as watcher and witness.

PMID- 4019171
TI  - When X rays show, must prison doctors tell?

PMID- 4019172
TI  - The final, anticlimactic rule on Baby Doe.

PMID- 4019173
TI  - Inguinal hernia repair using the Shouldice technique--an experience of 101 cases.

PMID- 4019174
TI  - Malpractice insurance--what can happen if you don't have it.

PMID- 4019175
TI  - Fulminating pulmonary cryptococcosis responsive to sulfadiazine.

PMID- 4019176
TI  - Concubine syndrome: an example of interactionism in the clinical assessment of
      headache.

PMID- 4019177
TI  - Dietary factors in migraine precipitation: the physicians' view.

PMID- 4019178
TI  - An approach to the nature of tension headache.

PMID- 4019179
TI  - Headache in the rural village of Quiroga, Ecuador.

PMID- 4019180
TI  - Migraine and muscle contraction headaches: a continuum.

PMID- 4019181
TI  - The influence of plasma free fatty acids and cholesterol on the aggregation of
      blood platelets in migraine patients.

PMID- 4019182
TI  - Headache as the leading symptom of the thoracic outlet syndrome.

PMID- 4019183
TI  - Are classical and common migraine different entities?

PMID- 4019184
TI  - Cigarette smoking and cluster headaches.

PMID- 4019185
TI  - Migraine and mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 4019186
TI  - [The malignant melanoma in situ: the flat, curable stage of malignant melanoma].

PMID- 4019187
TI  - [Hydroa vacciniforme--urocanic acid content of the horny layer of the epidermis].
AB  - Urocanic acid was measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) in the stratum corneum of a 3.5-year-old child suffering from hidroa
      vacciniformia. Compared to ten healthy children of equal age, the urocanic acid
      content of the stratum corneum was reduced significantly. In addition, there was
      an elevated level of some amino acids in the urine, particularly that of
      histidine and methylhistidine, which seems to be a very important finding.
      Urocanic acid acts as a natural sun protective agent, and the results are
      discussed with this in mind. It was not possible to elicit hidroa vacciniformia
      lesions in the patient by UV-A, as described by others.

PMID- 4019188
TI  - [Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica Bart (Bart syndrome)].
AB  - This is a report on a child with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica Bart (Bart's
      syndrome), which is characterized by the following symptoms: congenital,
      localized absence of skin; blistering of skin and mucous membranes only in the
      first years of life; absence and deformity of nails. The favorable prognosis of
      this disease, with spontaneous improvement of the blistering, emphasizes the
      importance of knowledge of this rare syndrome.

PMID- 4019189
TI  - [Artificial penile nodules (tancho nodules) in Southeast Asian men].
AB  - Especially in Thailand, but also in other countries in Southeast Asia, the
      practice of implanting glass or other kinds of beads in the subcutaneous tissue
      of the penis for the purpose of increasing the sexual pleasure of the partner has
      become common. The inserted glass beads do not usually give rise to symptoms and
      normally they are only detected by chance. Here we describe our experience with a
      27-year-old Thai with a penile nodule made from the polished material of a tooth
      brush.

PMID- 4019190
TI  - [Pemphigus vegetans (Hallopeau) with eosinophilic spongiosis--successful retinoid
      therapy].
AB  - We present an unusual case of pemphigus vegetans (Hallopeau) with widespread,
      nonblistering gyrate erythematous lesions on the trunk and extremities in
      addition to typical vegetating lesions in the inguinocrural area. The
      histopathology which was characterized by eosinophilic spongiosis, as well as
      immunofluorescence and immunoelectron-microscopic studies indicated that the
      gyrate erythema (characterized by eosinophilic spongiosis) seen in our patient
      represented a manifestation of pemphigus. Treatment with retinoids resulted in
      the prompt disappearance of the gyrate erythemas, and the eosinophils returned to
      normal. A short-term, low-dose corticosteroid regimen also led to rapid healing
      of vegetating lesions.

PMID- 4019191
TI  - [The so-called nasal glioma].
AB  - A case of nasal "glioma" is presented. This tumor consists of congenital
      heterotopic glial tissue and represents an abnormal protrusion of brain substance
      (exencephalia).

PMID- 4019192
TI  - Comparison of the ICRP and MIRD models for Fe metabolism in man.
AB  - A task group of the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee has recently
      published a model of Fe metabolism in man. This model was developed to calculate
      doses from radioiron injected for medical diagnostic purposes. It is a
      compartment model with recirculating Fe exchanging between plasma and
      extracellular fluids, tissue storage compartments, bone marrow and red blood
      cells (RBC). It is a first order model with the exception of Fe in the RBC
      compartment, which is assumed to retain Fe for 120 days, at which time the Fe
      returns to the extracellular fluid compartment. By contrast, the International
      Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) model is a "once through" first
      order compartment model, with the compartments represented by organs (spleen,
      liver and other soft tissue) rather than physiological compartments as in the
      MIRD model. Both of these models have been implemented in the computer code
      GENMOD which contains the ICRP recommended lung and gastrointestinal tract models
      and which is used at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories to calculate doses,
      excretion rates, derived investigation levels, etc. The results of calculations
      using these models have been compared to see if the much less sophisticated ICRP
      model was adequate for radiation protection purposes. It was found that the
      effective dose per unit intake of radioiron was higher for the MIRD model and
      urinary excretion rates following an exposure were considerably different. It is
      concluded that the ICRP model should not be used in dosimetry calculations, or
      for comparing monitoring results to model calculations.

PMID- 4019193
TI  - Hazard analysis technique for multiple wavelength lasers.
AB  - A technique for evaluating the potential hazards from multiple wavelength lasers
      is described below. Since little or no known multiwavelength laser exposure
      research has been performed, this technique is not substantiated and should be
      employed with great care.

PMID- 4019194
TI  - Measurement of gamma radiation exposure rates from natural UO2 fuel pellets.
AB  - An attempt has been made to measure gamma radiation exposure rates from natural
      UO2 fuel pellets at near contact distances by means of a GM survey meter and LiF
      thermoluminescent dosimeters. An experimental device was fabricated which
      facilitated the holding of both the fuel pellets and the necessary measuring
      devices. A semi-empirical method for predicting exposure rates from a fuel pellet
      at near contact distances is also described. It is suggested that the
      experimental set up has the potential for providing a calibration device for
      gamma radiation instrumentation used to assess exposures in facilities handling
      U.

PMID- 4019195
TI  - Transport of elements from soil to human diet: an alternative approach to pathway
      analysis.
AB  - Transport from soil to human dietary intake is conventionally treated by
      analyzing the various pathways through uptake by plant roots and transfer from
      animal feed into milk and meat. An alternative approach is proposed requiring
      only the average daily human ingestion of each element and its abundance in soil,
      both readily available for most elements. The two methods are compared
      quantitatively and give results consistent within a mean factor of four, which is
      roughly the standard deviation in estimates from the pathway analysis. Neither
      method gives consistently larger or smaller transfer rates. Each method has
      important advantages in some applications.

PMID- 4019196
TI  - A field study of Ra accumulation in trout with assessment of radiation dose to
      man.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of 226Ra in edible
      fish from surface ponds near an open pit U mine. Because one reclamation plan for
      the U mine proposed formation of an artificial lake in the open pit, potential
      radiation dose to man from ingestion of fish needed to be investigated. Trout
      were collected from four existing ponds which varied in mean 226Ra concentration
      from 12-33 pCi/l. and in Ca concentration from 30-330 mg Ca/l. Radium and Ca
      accumulation in trout flesh, skin, fins and bone were measured. Geometric mean
      concentrations of 226Ra in trout flesh from four ponds ranged from 6.3-30 pCi/kg
      wet weight. The distribution of Ra in the trout body was similar to that of Ca.
      Of the total 226Ra in trout carcasses, 6% was in flesh, 25% was in skin, 28% was
      in fins, and 41% was in bone. Mean concentration factors for 226Ra in trout flesh
      from the four ponds ranged from 0.29-2.5. Bone concentration factors were up to
      260 times higher than for flesh. Observed ratios (Ra/Ca in fish tissue divided by
      Ra/Ca in water) were used to normalize the differences in Ca availability among
      the locations. Observed ratios were higher in all tissues of fish which had been
      in the ponds for a longer time, indicating that 226Ra concentrations in fish may
      increase with continued exposure to the nuclide. The calculated dose equivalent
      commitment to human endosteal tissue ranged from 0.2-2 mrem per fish consumed,
      depending on the assumed dietary and environmental parameters. Neglecting the
      consumption of trout skin underestimated the ingestion dose from 226Ra by a
      factor of 5-10. Estimated annual dose equivalent rates to human endosteal tissue
      ranged from 1.0-83 mrem/yr for an individual who consumed one fish per week for a
      50-yr period. The dose to man from ingestion of 226Ra in fish would not likely
      preclude the establishment of a recreational lake at this site.

PMID- 4019197
TI  - Use of computer memory chips as the basis for a digital albedo neutron dosimeter.
AB  - We have measured the sensitivity of commercially available dynamic random access
      memories (D-RAMs) to alpha particles. Using a beam of 14-meV neutrons and a 6LiF
      crystal as a converter we have measured sensitivities to neutron radiation as
      high as 9.25 memory errors per millirem. We estimate that an optimized converter
      would produce even higher sensitivities as an albedo dosimeter in realistic
      radiation fields. Such a device would have a number of operational advantages.

PMID- 4019198
TI  - The origin of I in soil and the 129I problem.
AB  - It is widely believed that the I in soil is derived from the I in oceans by
      evaporating-atmospheric transport-washout by rain over land, rather than from the
      I in rock when the latter is weathered into soil. Since human I burdens are
      derived largely from soil by plant root uptake into food, this implies that the
      specific activity of 129I in the I of human thyroids will be the same as that in
      the oceans, whereas it would be similar to that in rock (much lower) if the I in
      soil were derived from weathering of rock as is the case for other heavy trace
      elements. The bases for the oceanic origin theory are analysed and found not to
      be in accord with modern data. Recent data shows no correlation between
      concentration of I in soil and proximity to oceans, which argues strongly against
      the oceanic origin theory. Some problems with long-distance atmospheric transport
      are pointed out. It is shown that the balance between I input to soil during soil
      formation by rock weathering and output from soil by erosion leaves little room
      for contributions from oceanic sources. It is concluded that only a small
      fraction of the I in soil is of oceanic origin. Most estimates of very long-term
      effects of 129I on human health are therefore several times too high.

PMID- 4019199
TI  - Potassium iodide: predistribution or not? The real emergency preparedness issue.

PMID- 4019200
TI  - In-vitro monitoring of salivary 125I.

PMID- 4019201
TI  - Plutonium-239, 240Pu and 210Po contents of tobacco and cigarette smoke.

PMID- 4019202
TI  - Gamma activity of the fly ash from a Greek power plant and properties of fly-ash
      cement.

PMID- 4019203
TI  - Plutonium in autopsy tissues in Great Britain.

PMID- 4019204
TI  - Energy and angular distribution of 60Co gamma rays in air.

PMID- 4019206
TI  - Guidelines for issuing personnel dosimeters.

PMID- 4019205
TI  - Comments on the paper 'Measurement of the effective dose equivalent in a nuclear
      reactor environment with a personal thermoluminescent dosimeter'.

PMID- 4019207
TI  - Hazards from sinking of ships with U cargo.

PMID- 4019208
TI  - B. L. Cohen's probabilities for human intake and implications for nuclear waste
      disposal.

PMID- 4019209
TI  - Disposal of laboratory-generated liquid radioactive waste.

PMID- 4019210
TI  - Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between
      180 nm and 400 nm (incoherent optical radiation). The International Non-Ionizing
      Radiation Committee of the International Radiation Protection Association.

PMID- 4019211
TI  - Guidelines on limits of exposure to laser radiation of wavelengths between 180 nm
      and 1 mm. International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee of the International
      Radiation Protection Association.

PMID- 4019212
TI  - Factors associated with variation in financial condition among voluntary
      hospitals.
AB  - This article uses multiple regression analysis to identify factors which affect
      variations in the financial condition of voluntary hospitals in New York State.
      Six separate ratios are used to measure financial condition and 18 independent
      variables are considered. The factors affecting financial conditions were found
      to vary among dimensions of financial health, and different causal relationships
      were evident among hospitals in New York City than among those in the rest of the
      state.

PMID- 4019213
TI  - Validation of the patient roster in a primary care practice.
AB  - Knowledge of the size of a practice population is an essential base for the
      evaluation of new forms of health care delivery and for epidemiologic research in
      primary care. Remuneration to providers in Ontario's Health Service Organization
      and Health Centre programs is partially based on the number of people listed on
      the patient roster as members of the practice. However, the accuracy of these
      rosters has never been determined. A mail and telephone survey was conducted to
      validate the roster in one such health center. A random sample of 1,065
      households was contacted and a 78 percent response rate was obtained. The
      practice roster showed a population of 3,134. The age- and sex-adjusted estimate
      from the survey was 2,964 (+/- 262) individuals. The sensitivity, specificity,
      and accuracy of the roster were 0.90 or greater. It is concluded that this
      particular roster is a valid indicator of practice size, but caution is expressed
      about generalizing these results to other practices.

PMID- 4019214
TI  - Independent versus system-affiliated hospitals: a comparative analysis of
      financial performance, cost, and productivity.
AB  - This article analyzes differences in the financial performance, cost, and
      productivity between system-affiliated and independent hospitals. Data for the
      study were obtained from the 1981 American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual
      Survey of Hospitals for the State of Iowa and included 94 nonstate or nonfederal
      short-term hospitals without long-term care units. An interpretation of the
      results indicated that system-affiliated hospitals are more profitable, have
      better access to capital markets, are more effective price setters, and
      experience higher costs per case which are related to longer lengths of stay and
      less productive use of plant and equipment in generating revenues.

PMID- 4019216
TI  - Enzyme heterozygosity associated with anatomical character variance and growth in
      the herring (Clupea harengus L.).
AB  - The hypothesis that enzyme heterozygosity is positively related to phenotypic
      characteristics in fish was tested using five polymorphic enzyme loci and seven
      anatomical characteristics in samples of North Irish Sea herring, Clupea
      harengus. Though not unambiguous the results indicated that heterozygosity was
      associated with increased developmental stability. Also, multiple homozygosity
      was negatively correlated with growth parameter estimates. Though no single locus
      correlates were evident, the level of multiple heterozygosity of an individual
      appeared to be positively related to body length.

PMID- 4019215
TI  - Census tract predictors of physical, psychological, and social functioning for
      needs assessment.
AB  - The advantages of census data-based needs assessment cannot be fully realized in
      the absence of demonstrated relationships between area characteristics and
      aggregate individual service need. This study sought to ascertain these
      relationships by using tract characteristics from the 1980 census to predict
      tract aggregate levels of individually measured social, physical, and
      psychological functioning. A census tract stratified sample of 3,465 permanent
      households in eastern Long Island, New York was used for the study. In each
      household, a randomly selected adult was surveyed regarding physical functioning,
      depressed mood, and social isolation. Stepwise multiple regression was used to
      determine which census variables best predicted the tract distributions of each
      of the functioning measures. Census variables explained from 23 to 30 percent of
      the variance in tract need level. Study findings have immediate utility for
      efficient needs assessment and suggest avenues for future improvement of needs
      assessment methods.

PMID- 4019218
TI  - Diallel designs, analyses, and reference populations.
AB  - Some issues which evidently remain as areas of contention in diallel analysis are
      reviewed. In the estimation of genetic variance components for an ancestral
      reference population in equilibrium, analysis should be applied to F1 data only,
      and proceed as for a random effects model. No meaningful reference population is
      constituted by the parental sample itself, but an equilibrium reference
      population which could be derived from these parents can be defined. To give
      unbiassed estimates of parameters for this population, analysis must include S1
      data, and the parents must be homozygous and in linkage equilibrium. Estimation
      of dominance variance must allow for the fact that the diallel population itself
      is not in linkage equilibrium by correcting the specific combining ability sum of
      squares for the mean S1 vs. F1 difference. Some different analyses of variance of
      the diallel table are discussed in the context of the above reference
      populations.

PMID- 4019217
TI  - Genome size variation among north american minnows (Cyprinidae). I. Distribution
      of the variation in five species.
AB  - Genome sizes (nuclear DNA contents) were examined spectrophotometrically from ten
      individuals of each of five species of North American cyprinid fishes (minnows).
      The distributions of DNA values both within and between the five species were
      essentially continuous and normal. Differences between individuals within
      populations were significant and contributed to approximately 16 per cent of the
      total variation. Variation between individuals within species ranged from 4.7
      13.5 per cent and averaged ca. 7.4 per cent. Variation between species ranged
      from 0-9.5 per cent and the average difference between any species pair was ca.
      4.6 per cent. Statistical analyses showed that the methodology used was
      sufficient to detect significant differences in genome size as small as 2-3 per
      cent. Consideration of these data lead to the following tentative conclusions:
      (i) changes in genome size in cyprinids appear small in amount, frequent in
      occurrence, to involve both gains and losses of DNA, and to be cumulative and
      independent in effect; (ii) differences within and between cyprinid taxa are
      likely the result of accumulations of small changes in DNA quantity; and (iii)
      the primary focus of quantitative DNA variation in cyprinids is between
      individuals within populations. The extent of DNA quantity variation which occurs
      within species would appear to preclude any direct relationship between genome
      size variation and many of the organismal parameters (including speciation) which
      differentiate the five species. In short, the data suggest that a significant
      fraction of the cyprinid genome, perhaps more than 10 per cent, is free to vary
      quantitatively without phenotypic constraint or biological consequence. This
      fraction is considerably larger than that theoretically needed for the structural
      gene component.

PMID- 4019219
TI  - Heterozygosity and morphological variability of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)
      in southern British Columbia.
AB  - We compared variability in two meristic and six morphometric characters with
      heterozygosity within and among 27 populations of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)
      in southern British Columbia. Among individuals, there was no relationship
      between levels of heterozygosity at 10 electrophoretic loci and degree of
      meristic or morphometric variation. Decreased morphological variance was not
      associated with increased heterozygosity. Morphological variance and
      heterozygosity did not change with age for chum salmon maturing at three to five
      years of age. Among populations of chum salmon, increased levels of average
      heterozygosity were not associated with decreased variance of morphometric or
      meristic characters. Our results do not support the hypothesis that more
      heterozygous individuals show less phenotypic variability than more homozygous
      ones due to a canalization of morphology during development. Genetic distances
      between pairs of chum salmon populations were significantly correlated with
      pairwise Mahalanobis distances derived from meristic, but not from morphometric
      characters. Chum salmon are morphometrically adapted to the natal stream
      environment, whereas biochemical and meristic characters in these populations may
      be less affected by local selective forces.

PMID- 4019220
TI  - The fixation of chromosomal rearrangements in a subdivided population with local
      extinction and colonization.
AB  - The fixation of major chromosomal rearrangements with a heterozygote disadvantage
      is modelled as a simple example of Wright's shifting balance process of evolution
      in a strongly subdivided population. Chromosomal mutations with an inferior
      heterozygote become fixed in a local population (or deme) by random genetic drift
      and spread by migration and colonization. Wright postulated a process of
      selective diffusion in which the numbers of emigrants and colonizers dispersed
      from a deme increase with the mean fitness of individuals in it. The present
      models show that interdeme selection during the spread of a mutation depends more
      on the capacity of the mutant to invade and become established in other demes
      than on selective diffusion, unless there is rapid local extinction and
      colonization. The intensity of interdeme selection is reduced by random local
      extinction and colonization, and when these processes are rapid (with no
      selective diffusion) the expected fixation rate of spontaneous mutations with a
      heterozygote disadvantage approaches that in a single isolated deme. Local
      extinction and colonization, and selection on the homozygotes, accelerate the
      spread of chromosomal mutations which are destined to be fixed.

PMID- 4019221
TI  - Predicting the properties of first cycle inbreds and second cycle hybrids
      extractable from two, three and four parent crosses.
AB  - Standard biometrical genetical models of Mather and Jinks (1982) when made
      applicable to the means and variances of the 55 early generations produced by
      crossing four parents and six F1's in all possible combinations provide estimates
      of genetic parameters that can be used to predict the distributive properties of
      the first cycle inbreds and second cycle hybrids which could be extracted from
      any of these generations. Thus we can predict the inbreeding and outbreeding
      potentials of each generation in the early stages of a breeding programme and
      formulate the best breeding strategy for harnessing the full genetic potential of
      the breeding material and choosing the best end product. The 55 generations
      provide reliable estimates of the predictors and therefore should be used
      whenever possible. Simpler experiments consisting of the basic generations of the
      six single crosses, however, are sufficient for obtaining estimates of the
      predictors of the inbreds and can be used to predict their properties when
      information about the second cycle hybrids is not required or the remaining
      generations are not available. Replacement of the F2, backcross, three way cross
      and double cross generations with their randomly mated progenies is expected to
      improve the accuracy of predictions in the presence of a linkage disequilibrium.
      However, the gains made may not be justified against the costs of the additional
      breeding and the delay in making the predictions. Extensive experimental testing
      of the theory of these procedures must await the completion of the current field
      experiments. In the meantime the limited tests conducted on the material
      extracted from the Nicotiana rustica varieties V1, V2, V5 and V12 have confirmed
      the familiar conclusions that the V1 X V5 and V2 X V12 differ in their inbreeding
      and outcrossing potentials.

PMID- 4019222
TI  - A graphical aid to medical decision making.

PMID- 4019224
TI  - Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma simulating osteoarthritis.

PMID- 4019223
TI  - Diagnosis of hepatic portal venous gas by computed tomography: role of
      intravenous contrast material.

PMID- 4019225
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the heart: a twenty-year cure.

PMID- 4019226
TI  - Central pontine myelinolysis in a patient with adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 4019227
TI  - The invalidity of monitoring transcutaneous oxygen tension in patients who have
      chronic renal failure.

PMID- 4019228
TI  - Development of information system for biochemical study in central laboratory.

PMID- 4019229
TI  - Influence of amines in the brain and gastric wall on development of stress
      ulcers.

PMID- 4019230
TI  - Surgical treatment of pancreatic cysts: review of 21 cases.

PMID- 4019231
TI  - Pyogenic liver abscess: a study of 18 patients.

PMID- 4019232
TI  - A comparison of pancreatectomy and pancreatic duct drainage in chronic
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 4019233
TI  - Ascitic bile acids in patients with liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 4019234
TI  - Relationship between the decrease of cytotoxic antibody with the elapse of time
      and hyperacute rejection in hyperimmunized rats.

PMID- 4019235
TI  - Studies on the control of hyperacute rejection in hyperimmunized rat: combination
      of donor specific blood transfusion (DST) and immunosuppressive drugs.

PMID- 4019237
TI  - An analysis of cardiopulmonary hemodynamics during hemorrhagic shock in dogs.

PMID- 4019236
TI  - Gastric mucosal lesions in cases of nonshunting procedures for esophageal
      varices.

PMID- 4019238
TI  - Some statistical issues pertaining to in vitro drug testing with human tumor
      colony forming assays.

PMID- 4019239
TI  - A case report of bronchogenic cyst in an infant causing acute respiratory
      distress.

PMID- 4019240
TI  - Flow cytometric assessment of neutrophil oxidative metabolism in chronic
      granulomatous disease on small quantities of whole blood: heterogeneity in female
      patients.

PMID- 4019241
TI  - Zinc, copper, and manganese concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients
      with viral meningitis.

PMID- 4019242
TI  - Comparison of free amino acid concentrations in eosinophils and neutrophils.

PMID- 4019243
TI  - Effect of splenectomy on free amino acid concentrations in erythrocytes of
      patients with hereditary spherocytosis.

PMID- 4019244
TI  - Experimental studies on acute gastric mucosal lesion involved with obstructive
      jaundice: mainly on the changes of amine contents in the gastric mucosa on cold
      restraint stress.

PMID- 4019245
TI  - Depression of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of guinea pig polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes by influenza virus with special reference to neuraminidase.

PMID- 4019246
TI  - Application of 7-amino-actinomycin D for the fluorescence microscopical analysis
      of DNA in cells and polytene chromosomes.
AB  - The cytochemical properties of a guanine-specific synthetic fluorescent analogue
      of actinomycin D, 7-amino-actinomycin D, have been studied in fixed and living
      preparations of L cells and polytene chromosomes of salivary glands of Chironomus
      thummi thummi and Drosophila lummei (Hackman). 7-Amino-actinomycin D has been
      shown to bind to DNA-containing structures, thereby inducing in them a bright red
      fluorescence. No specific fluorescence has been found in RNA-containing
      structures treated with this fluorescent probe. The fluorescence pattern of some
      regions of polytene chromosomes with a known nucleotide composition was analysed.
      It has been established that 7-amino-actinomycin D induces a very weak
      fluorescence in GC-poor chromosome regions of the Drosophila lummei toromere
      structure. Data indicating a nonlinear dependence between the fluorescence
      intensity of a stained chromosome region and the GC content in its DNA have been
      obtained. The influence of DNA nucleotide composition in a chromosome region on
      the fluorescence of 7-amino-actinomycin D is discussed. In combination with
      quinacrine staining and the Feulgen fluorescence reaction, treatment with 7-amino
      actinomycin D provides useful information about the distribution of GC base pairs
      in the chromosome region under study.

PMID- 4019248
TI  - Chemical and histochemical studies of normal and diseased gastrointestinal tract.
      IV. A comparison of histochemical and chemical methods for the estimation of side
      chain O-acylated sialic acids.
AB  - Statistically significant correlations were obtained between a chemical assay for
      the proportion of colonic epithelial glycoprotein sialic acids with side chain O
      acyl substituents and two histochemical methods, the PBT-KOH-PAS sequence (rs =
      0.7485 for N = 31, P = 0.01, one-sided test) and the PAPT-KOH-Bh-PAS procedure
      (rs = 0.7024 for N = 34). A positive correlation (rs = 0.8654 for N = 30, P =
      0.01) was also obtained between the results of the two histochemical procedures.
      It is concluded that, on average, histochemical observations are a reliable
      semiquantitative comparative method for the estimation of side chain O-acetylated
      sialic acids.

PMID- 4019247
TI  - Chemical and histochemical studies of normal and diseased human gastrointestinal
      tract. III. Changes in the histochemical and chemical properties of the
      epithelial glycoproteins in the mucosa close to colonic tumours.
AB  - Histochemical, chemical and histological studies were performed on 26 specimens
      of human colonic tumours and 62 specimens of mucosa taken at distances of 0.5-5.0
      cm from the tumour. The tumour glycoproteins were divided almost equally between
      three anionic types, sulphomucin, sialomucin and mixed sialomucin and
      sulphomucin. All showed a reduction in staining for side chain O-acylated sialic
      acid. In 56% of the tumours, this was accompanied by loss of glycoprotein while,
      in 44%, abundant mucin was still present. Histochemical examination of the
      mucosal specimens indicated that in 24.2% the side chain O-acylated sialic acids
      did not differ from normal. In 41.9% there was a focal change and in 33.9% there
      was a generalized field reduction in the proportion of side chain O-acyl sialic
      acids. The latter were subdivided into moderate and severe. Chemical analyses
      correlated well with the histochemical classification of the mucosal specimens
      and showed that, on average, the classifications focal and severe field change
      were not due to sampling error. Forty-five per cent of the cases showed only
      focal change and 40% only field change. Mucosal specimens associated with 60% of
      the moderately differentiated tumours showed only focal change while those
      associated with 75% of well-differentiated tumours showed only field change.
      Abnormal patterns of staining for side chain O-acylated sialic acids (a) were
      largely independent of the distance from the tumour, (b) occurred in the presence
      of a normal pattern of staining for sialomucins and sulphomucins and (c) were
      associated with 61.4% of the specimens that showed no discernible evidence of
      histological abnormality. In contrast, only one specimen showed evidence of
      histological change without a corresponding change in O-acylated sialic acids.
      The data suggest that abnormal patterns of staining for O-acylated sialic acids
      may represent premalignant change but their precise significance and specificity
      requires further studies of non-neoplastic diseases of the colon.

PMID- 4019249
TI  - Surface localization of an endogenous lectin in rabbit bone marrow.
AB  - A lectin, which may be involved in cell to cell adhesion during erythropoiesis in
      rabbit bone marrow, has been isolated and characterized. Several electron
      microscopical techniques have been used to investigate the cell surface
      distribution of this lectin in bone marrow utilizing colloidal gold conjugates of
      anti-lectin IgG or protein A. The lectin is present at the surface of erythroid
      cells at all stages of development but no lectin was detected on the surface of
      myeloid cells. The limitations and complementary nature of the techniques used
      are discussed.

PMID- 4019251
TI  - False localization of acid phosphatase activity in the nuclear envelope and
      endoplasmic reticulum of peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Acid phosphatase cytochemistry using lead salt methods was performed on rat
      peritoneal macrophages obtained by the intraperitoneal injection of dextran five
      days previously. Lead precipitate was present in the nuclear envelope, the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes in about 50% of these cells.
      The formation of reaction product appeared to be substrate-specific and was
      sensitive to sodium fluoride in all these sites. However, only in the nuclear
      envelope, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus could lead salt
      precipitation be prevented by (a) omission of the washing procedure following the
      incubation step, (b) postincubation in a medium containing sodium fluoride, or
      (c) washing in buffer containing lead salt. It is concluded that precipitation of
      lead salt does not prove the presence of acid phosphatase activity in these
      organelles. The formation of precipitate in these sites is probably due to a
      local matrix effect, facilitated by the persistence of acid phosphatase activity
      in the lysosomes and a suboptimal trapping efficiency of phosphate ions during
      the washing procedure which follows in the incubation step.

PMID- 4019250
TI  - Ultrastructural histochemistry of the surface lamina of normal articular
      cartilage.
AB  - Two collagen-poor, ultramicroscopic layers are described at the surface of canine
      articular cartilage. They are distinguished by staining with an electron-dense
      cationic dye, Cupromeronic Blue, in a critical electrolyte concentration
      technique and by digestion with testicular hyaluronidase. The superficial layer,
      approximately 50 nm thick, stained at low electrolyte concentrations but failed
      to stain in conditions specific for sulphated glycosaminoglycans. It was
      hyaluronidase-resistant and may be either glycoprotein or protein in nature. The
      deeper layer, 100-400 nm thick, stained positively at electrolyte concentrations
      specific for sulphated glycosaminoglycans but not in conditions specific for
      keratan sulphate. It was removed by hyaluronidase digestion. This layer probably
      represents a chondroitin sulphate-rich proteoglycan. These surface layers may be
      important in the lubrication of the articular surface and in the permeability and
      compression resistance of the superficial cartilage zone.

PMID- 4019252
TI  - Footnotes to food tables. 2. The underestimations of intakes of lesser B vitamins
      by pregnant and lactating women as calculated using the fourth edition of McCance
      and Widdowson's 'The composition of foods'.
AB  - In McCance & Widdowson's 'The composition of foods' many items lack information
      on the content of the lesser B vitamins, and dietary intakes can therefore be
      underestimated. The degree of this underestimation was assessed using data from a
      longitudinal study of the food intake of 63 pregnant and lactating mothers in
      Cambridge, UK, with a total of 3185 days of weighed diet records. The extra mean
      daily additional intake of each vitamin contributed by foods eaten by the mothers
      but lacking data in the food tables was estimated to be: vitamin B12, 0.1
      micrograms, (1.5 per cent of total intake); vitamin B6, 0.04 mg (3.3 per cent);
      total folate, 10 micrograms (5.3 per cent); pantothenic acid, 0.6 mg (11.5 per
      cent); and biotin, 5 mg (14.3 per cent). Although many items in the tables lack
      data, most were eaten infrequently and made little contribution to vitamin
      intake. It was estimated that, if data were added for a limited number of
      frequently-eaten foods, namely, white toast, baked beans, biscuits, breakfast
      cereals and 'chicken with skin', then intakes of all five vitamins would be
      underestimated by less than 4 per cent.

PMID- 4019253
TI  - Dietary chromium and manganese intakes of a selected sample of Canadian elderly
      women.
AB  - Energy, manganese and chromium intakes of a selected sample of 90 free-living
      Canadian women (mean age 66.2 +/- 6.2 years) living in a university community and
      consuming self-selected diets were assessed by chemical analyses of 24-h
      duplicate diets and via three-day dietary records, collected by the subjects.
      Mean gross energy intake (determined via bomb calorimetry) was 6.0 +/- 2.4 MJ
      (1435 +/- 580 kcal) and mean intake of manganese (determined via atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry) was 3.8 +/- 2.1 mg/day, respectively. Mean and
      median chromium intakes, analysed via instrumental neutron activation analysis
      were 96.4 and 77.4 micrograms/day, respectively. The manganese and chromium
      densities of these diets were higher compared to diets for pre-menopausal women
      studied earlier, attributed in part to the higher (P less than 0.0003) median
      intake of tea (360 g) vs 180 g for the pre-menopausal women. No significant
      differences between the pre and post-menopausal groups in mean intakes (in g) of
      any other food groups investigated, were found. Silver-plated cutlery may also be
      a source of adventitious chromium in the diets of these post-menopausal subjects.
      Nevertheless 22 per cent of the subjects had chromium intakes based on one day
      duplicate diets, below the US suggested safe limit, which if representative of
      their habitual chromium intakes, may result in chromium depletion.

PMID- 4019254
TI  - Diarrhoea: after rehydration, what next?
AB  - Successful management of diarrhoea depends firstly on restoring fluid and
      electrolyte balance. Following this, the child needs to be fed, to prevent
      malnutrition and morbidity. Conventionally, this is achieved by regrading onto
      the previous feed. In our series of 42 infants with mild gastroenteritis, six out
      of 12 infants had persistent diarrhoea after one week on normal infant formula.
      Twenty-five out of 27 infants who were given a low-lactose formula (HN25) had
      normal stools within 4 days. (chi2 = 18.487; P less than 0.001). Only two out of
      27 infants had a recurrence of loose stools at 1 week and these became normal
      after regrading back on to HN25. Recovery time was shortened, while nutritional
      status was maintained. Short-term substitution of a low-lactose formula after
      rehydration speeds recovery from gastroenteritis.

PMID- 4019255
TI  - Nutrient intake and anthropometric assessment of patients at home after partial
      gastrectomy or vagotomy.
AB  - Ten patients, six of whom had had a partial gastrectomy and four a vagotomy, took
      part in the study. Anthropometric measurements, weighed dietary intakes, social
      circumstances and amount of dietary advice and help received by patients were
      recorded during the first month and at 7 months after discharge from hospital.
      Anthropometric measurements changed little during the first month but improved in
      most of those with lower than normal initial values by the end of 7 months. Mean
      energy and protein intakes during the first month were low for the gastrectomy
      patients but were adequate for the vagotomy patients. By 7 months the intakes of
      the gastrectomy patients had increased considerably. Mean intakes of vitamin C,
      total folate and zinc tended to be low in both groups and mean intakes of iron
      were low in the gastrectomy patients. No patient ate an entirely satisfactory
      diet. Very little advice or encouragement on diet was available from dietitians,
      doctors or other health workers either prior to or after discharge.

PMID- 4019256
TI  - Footnotes to food tables: 1. Differences in nutrient intakes of dietitians as
      calculated from the DHSS food tables and the fourth edition of McCance and
      Widdowson's 'The composition of foods'.
AB  - The differences in nutrient intakes as calculated by two British food composition
      tables (those compiled by the Department of Health and Social Security in 1963
      [DHSS] and the 4th edition of McCance and Widdowson's 'The composition of Foods'
      [MW4] were examined. Intakes of 43 dietitians who kept weighed diet records every
      sixth day for 3 to 12 months with 11 to 75 (mean 40) days' records per subject
      were calculated from each food table and compared in a loge tranformation. Mean
      per cent differences between intakes (delta x 100) were vitamin A, +23.3; vitamin
      D, + 21.1; riboflavin, + 16.0;calcium, +6.3; thiamin +4.8; niacin, +3.2 (MW4
      higher) and protein, -1.7; fat, -3.5; energy, -3.6; carbohydrate, -6.0; vitamin
      C, -6.1; iron, -11.3; vitamin B6, -14.4 (MW4 lower). Correlation coefficients
      were: nicotinic acid, 0.84; vitamin B6, 0.86; other nutrients 0.90 to 0.99; thus
      differences between the two food tables in classifying individuals as high or low
      consumers were small. Mean intakes compared by paired t-test were significantly
      different (P less than 0.001) for all nutrients except nicotinic acid, indicating
      consistent differences in the food tables when applied to foods eaten by
      different individuals (nicotinic acid excepted). Mean intakes compared by one
      tailed t-test -- as if the data came from independent surveys -- were
      significantly different/only for riboflavin/and vitamin/B6 (P less than 0.01),
      vitamin A and iron (P less than 0.05). For these nutrients, significant
      differences in intakes could be found between two surveyed populations due solely
      to the use of different food tables and not to differences in foods eaten. For
      the other nutrients studied, differences between the food tables were of little
      practical importance. Differences were due primarily to new analytical values in
      MW4 for riboflavin in milk, retinol in liver, iron in meats, vitamin B6 in many
      foods, and the use of margarine fortified with vitamins A and D in recipes. Major
      differences in the (high) nicotinic acid content of beer, instant coffee and
      specific breakfast cereals resulted in unpredictable differences in intakes of
      individuals.

PMID- 4019257
TI  - Haematologic response of anaemic preschool children to ascorbic acid
      supplementation.
AB  - Fifty-four anaemic preschool children, all consuming similar, purely vegetarian,
      diets were randomly divided equally into an experimental and a control group. The
      children in the experimental group received 100 mg ascorbic acid twice a day,
      with lunch and with dinner, for 60 days. The controls received sugar placebos.
      Initially and at the end of the intervention, haemoglobin (Hb) and red cell
      morphology were estimated in all children. The children who received ascorbic
      acid supplements showed a significant improvement in Hb level as well as in red
      cell morphology, while the controls showed no change. Chemical analysis of the
      diets of a subsample showed ascorbic acid intakes to be very low.

PMID- 4019258
TI  - Nutritional status, energy and protein intake in general medical patients in
      three Nordic hospitals.
AB  - The energy and protein intake before and during hospitalization was studied in 56
      elderly patients (age 70 +/- 9 yr) admitted to general medical service in three
      Nordic hospitals. Nutritional status at admission was evaluated using weight
      index, arm muscle circumference, triceps skinfold, serum albumin, total iron
      binding capacity, haemoglobin and serum iron levels. A history of food intake
      before hospitalization was taken at admission. Food intake during hospital stay
      was estimated from precise weighing and recording and intake of energy and
      protein calculated. On admission, 16 patients (28.5 per cent) had three or more
      of the studied nutritional parameters below reference value. Mean energy intake
      for men at home and in hospital was 10.0 +/- 2.3 MJ/d and 7.1 +/- 1.3 MJ/d,
      respectively, and for women 7.8 +/- 1.7 MJ/d and 6.6 +/- 1.4 MJ/d, respectively.
      Mean protein intake for men at home and in hospital was 72 +/- 19 g/d and 74 +/-
      15 g/d, respectively, and for women 60 +/- 15 g/d and 68 +/- 13 g/d,
      respectively. In patients with a hospital stay exceeding two weeks a correlation
      between changes in body weight and energy intake was found. Likelihood of
      developing undernutrition during hospitalization, defined as a daily energy
      intake below 90 kJ/kg BW per day, was seen in 20 patients (36 per cent). The data
      obtained indicate that at least 120 kJ/kg should be regarded as necessary to
      maintain body weight in elderly general medical patients. It reveals the
      importance of regular nutritional assessment of these patients.

PMID- 4019259
TI  - Relationship between weight reduction and state of malabsorption after
      jejunoileal bypass for excessive obesity.
AB  - A 10-year follow-up study of 30 patients subjected to jejunoileal bypass surgery
      for obesity is reported. The technique used which resulted in a jejunoileal shunt
      length of 50-55 cm gave satisfactory weight reduction in 75 per cent of the
      patients. There were no serious complications. The weight loss occurred
      essentially during the first 12-18 months, the main cause being defective
      digestion and malabsorption. In some instances this was supported by initially
      reduced food consumption. A certain degree of steatorrhoea persists in most cases
      after 10 years and may be of importance in the maintenance of the new stable
      weight level.

PMID- 4019260
TI  - Creatinine excretion over 24 hours as a measure of body composition or of
      completeness of urine collection.
AB  - Continuous collections of urine for up to 3 weeks from obese patients on a meat
      free low-energy diet showed fluctuations in creatinine excretion so that the
      coefficient of variation was 8.7-34.4 per cent. Urine creatinine excretion was
      poorly correlated with measures of lean body mass such as density, body water or
      body potassium. Under the conditions of our study creatinine excretion is not a
      reliable indicator of either lean body mass nor the completeness of urine
      collection. We also conclude that the increased lean body mass in obese women
      contains a relatively small proportion of muscle.

PMID- 4019261
TI  - A simple fluorimetric assay for pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase in erythrocyte
      haemolysates: effects of riboflavin supplementation and of glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase deficiency.
AB  - The formation of pyridoxal and its phosphate from pyridoxamine phosphate by red
      cell haemolysates was measured in a centrifugal analyser by the formation of the
      fluorescent adduct with semicarbazide. Pyridoxal phosphate was found to react
      more rapidly than pyridoxal, thus permitting a distinction between the two
      products, and hence the measurement of phosphatase activity. Activity of the
      enzyme, pyridoxamine phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) EC 1.4.3.5
      (PPO) was measured in haemolysates from 72 Gambian women with evidence of
      riboflavin deficiency, and was repeated after 6 weeks of placebo or riboflavin
      supplementation. Those who received the riboflavin supplement responded with a
      marked increase in PPO activity, which was matched by a decrease in the
      activation coefficient (AC) of erythrocyte NAD(P)H2:glutathione oxidoreductase,
      EC 1.6.4.2 (glutathione reductase, EGR). No difference between the supplemented
      and unsupplemented groups was observed in the capacity of haemolysates to
      hydrolyse pyridoxal 5-phosphate, nor in the extent of activation of erythrocyte L
      aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase EC 2.6.1.1. by pyridoxal phosphate.
      Although the three subjects with low levels of D-glucose 6-phosphate: NADP 1
      oxidoreductase EC 1.1.1.49 (G6P-D) had, as expected, correspondingly low AC's of
      EGR, their unsupplemented activities of PPO were in the same low range as those
      of the G6P-D-normal subjects, and they responded as G6P-D-normal subjects did to
      riboflavin supplementation. PPO thus does not appear to resemble EGR in retaining
      its flavin coenzyme during riboflavin depletion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019263
TI  - Aetiological factors of obesity in children.
AB  - A survey was carried out of the prevalence of obesity in 7600 schoolchildren aged
      11-16 years in Cairo. Weight, height and skinfold thicknesses were measured and
      the children classified as underweight, normal or overweight. Overweight children
      were further screened for obesity, a triceps skinfold thickness of greater than
      18 mm for boys and greater than 25 mm for girls being taken as the lower level of
      obesity. Age at menarche, birth order, social class, obesity in other members of
      the family, food habits and dietary intakes were all studied. The prevalence of
      obesity in Egyptian children was comparable to that in the US. The study
      emphasizes the importance of social and cultural influences in the development of
      obesity in Egyptian children.

PMID- 4019262
TI  - Haematological response to supplements of iron and riboflavin to pregnant and
      lactating women in rural Gambia.
AB  - Eighty-one pregnant or lactating women living in a village in The Gambia were
      allocated to treatment groups to receive a daily placebo, riboflavin, ferrous
      sulphate or ferrous sulphate plus riboflavin. At the beginning of the study and
      at 3 and 6 weeks thereafter women were examined clinically and blood samples
      collected for haematological and biochemical measurements. Pregnant women showed
      a wide range of response to supplement but among the lactating women an
      interesting pattern emerged: whereas the haematological status of the placebo
      group declined over 6 weeks, in the group receiving iron supplements this
      deterioration was reduced although not significantly. Riboflavin given in
      addition to iron resulted in a significant increase in circulating plasma iron
      and in iron stores, relative to the placebo.

PMID- 4019264
TI  - Incidence of biochemical riboflavin deficiency in Nigerian pregnant women.
AB  - The riboflavin status of 25 primigravidae and 55 multigravidae was determined by
      the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation test during their first
      attendance at the antenatal clinic. Fifteen of the women (5 primigravidae and 10
      multigravidae) were in the second trimester and 65 in the third trimester of
      pregnancy (20 primigravidae and 45 multigravidae). Fifteen of the primigravidae
      (60 per cent) and 44 per cent (24/55) of the multigravidae had an activity
      coefficient (EGR-AC greater than 1.30) indicative of biochemical riboflavin
      deficiency. The incidence of riboflavin deficiency among all women in the second
      trimester of pregnancy was 40 per cent (6/15), and 51 per cent (33/65) for all
      women in the third trimester of pregnancy. However, no clinical signs accompanied
      the biochemical deficiency of riboflavin. Riboflavin nutriture was slightly
      better in the multigravidae than in the primigravidae. The mean EGR-AC was 1.32
      for the primigravidae and 1.26 for the multigravidae. The continual use of
      multivitamins in pregnancy and lactation should be strongly advocated.

PMID- 4019265
TI  - Efficiency of anthropometric indicators in the assessment of protein nutrition in
      Crohn's disease.
AB  - A comparison was made of the efficiency of different anthropometric indicators in
      assessing serum albumin and prealbumin concentrations in 60 adult patients with
      Crohn's disease. Indicators included weight, mid-arm circumference and triceps
      skinfold thickness at different cut-off points of reference (Jelliffe, 1966) and
      at the 5th percentile. Mid-arm circumference at 90 per cent reference gave the
      most significant separation of serum albumin and prealbumin, and protein
      concentrations in patients whose mid-arm circumference was at or above 90 per
      cent reference approached most closely the values obtained in healthy subjects.
      Mid-arm circumference is a simple and reproducible measurement, and the results
      support the suggestion that it is a useful indicator for assessing protein
      nutrition in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4019266
TI  - A comparison of two methods of milk sampling for calculating the fat intake of
      breast-fed babies.
AB  - Fat intake at a breast feed was estimated by either sampling milk intermittently
      during the feed using a thin latex nipple shield ('shield method') or by
      expressing samples before and after the feed ('expression method'). These
      sampling techniques were compared within 30 mother/infant pairs using a
      randomized cross-over design. Mean fat intake estimated by the expression method
      was significantly greater than that estimated by the shield method (first breast
      P less than 0.0001, second breast P less than 0.002). This finding was partly
      explained by a significantly lower mean milk intake when the nipple shield was
      used, but the higher fat content of expressed milk samples compared to samples
      obtained during suckling also played a part. Use of the nipple shield confirmed
      that breast-milk fat content does not change in a predictable way during a feed.
      Nevertheless, for practical purposes, the advantages of studying changes in milk
      composition during the feed have to be set against the potential restrictive
      effect of the nipple shield system when it is used to sample intermittently
      during the feed.

PMID- 4019267
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on selenium bioavailability in humans.
AB  - The study was designed to investigate the effect of supplemental ascorbic acid on
      the bioavailability of selenium (Se) in humans by using plasma Se levels and
      plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity as indicators of the body Se
      status. Three groups of female university students were supplemented for 4 weeks
      with either 50 micrograms sodium selenate, 50 micrograms sodium selenate together
      with 200 mg ascorbic acid, or with 200 mg ascorbic acid three times daily during
      meals. Plasma Se levels increased significantly (P less than 0.01) in all three
      groups regardless of the type of supplementation. The increase was highest in the
      group having both Se and ascorbic acid and smallest in the group receiving only
      ascorbic acid. The changes in plasma GSH-Px activities reflected those in plasma
      Se, but the increases were smaller (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that
      supplemental ascorbic acid may have a beneficial effect on the bioavailability of
      the natural Se in foods. However, ascorbic acid did not seem to affect the
      availability of the supplemental sodium selenate. Therefore, the effect of
      ascorbic acid on the bioavailability of selenium may vary depending on the
      ingested selenium compound.

PMID- 4019268
TI  - Blood ascorbic acid and histamine levels in patients with placental bleeding.
AB  - Concentrations of histamine and total ascorbic acid (L-ascorbic acid plus
      dehydroascorbic acid) in the antecubital vein blood of women in abruptio
      placentae (normally situated placentae) and placenta praevia have been measured.
      The results show that blood ascorbic acid in abruptio placentae is significantly
      (P less than 0.05) lower than the values found in placenta praevia. This may
      reflect impaired absorption and/or increased breakdown of ascorbic acid in
      abruptio placentae. Histamine levels in the two conditions are similar to one
      another.

PMID- 4019269
TI  - The influence of excisional or incisional biopsy of metastatic neck nodes on the
      management of head and neck cancer.
AB  - Between November 1964 and December 1981, 80 patients who had undergone an open
      biopsy of a cervical lymph node containing squamous cell carcinoma were treated
      with curative intent in the University of Florida Division of Radiation Therapy.
      Irradiation was the initial step in the definitive treatment of all patients,
      followed by neck dissection and/or primary resection, as indicated. The patients
      were divided into two groups. (a) NX (no gross residual neck disease) (25
      patients): According to the referring surgeons' and pathologists' reports, a
      single, clinically positive lymph node was totally excised in 25 patients. No
      other clinically positive lymph nodes were appreciated upon referral. No neck
      dissections were added following irradiation in this group of patients. The
      absolute 5 year disease-free survival in the NX group was 79%, and the rate of
      neck disease control was 96%. (b) Gross residual neck disease (55 patients):
      Gross residual disease remained in the neck in 55 patients following biopsy. In
      some patients, only an incisional biopsy of a large mass had been performed; in
      others, only one of several involved nodes was removed. The absolute 5 year
      disease-free survival in this group of patients was 31%, and the rate of neck
      disease control was 64%. The more consistent addition of a neck dissection in
      recent years has resulted in improved neck control rates in this group: 13/20
      (65%) for N1-N2 disease and 2/7 (29%) for N3A disease following irradiation alone
      versus 6/7 (86%) for N2 disease and 5/8 (63%) for N3A disease when a neck
      dissection was added following irradiation. There are some differences in the
      rates of neck control, control above the clavicles, survival, distant metastasis,
      and complications between this series and other reported series in which open
      neck-node biopsy preceded definitive treatment. Possible reasons for these
      differences are discussed.

PMID- 4019270
TI  - The role of paraaortic node irradiation in the treatment of cancer of the cervix.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-seven patients with previously untreated carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix underwent pretreatment laparotomy between 1971 and 1980. Thirty
      one were found to have paraaortic metastasis. Twenty-seven patients received
      paraaortic node external supervoltage radiation to the entire paraaortic chain,
      4400 cGy, over 4 1/2 weeks, with 600-800 cGy, boost over 1 week, limited to the
      area of metastasis as marked at laparotomy. Twenty-nine percent (8/27) of the
      patients with paraaortic node metastases who were irradiated have survived 5
      years or more. These patients have FIGO stages IB, IIA, or IIB; all have
      epidermoid carcinoma. Three of five patients (60%) with microscopic metastasis
      and five of twenty-two patients (23%) with gross metastasis in the paraaortic
      lymph nodes are long-term survivors. None of our long-term survivors have
      suffered late complications. There have been no fatalities from treatment related
      complications. We present a radiation technique for paraaortic radiation in these
      patients, and discuss the indications for paraaortic node radiation in cancer of
      the cervix.

PMID- 4019271
TI  - Clinical trial of 252Cf neutron brachytherapy vs. conventional radiotherapy for
      advanced cervical cancer.
AB  - 252Cf, a neutron emitting radioactive transplutonium isotope, was tested for its
      efficacy against advanced bulky Stage III-IV cancers of the cervix in a clinical
      trial at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. Eighty-two patients were
      treated during 1976-1979 and followed for 5-year survival and tumor control.
      Three different treatment methods went on sequentially and concurrently, that is,
      (a) conventional whole pelvis photon with delayed 137Cs implants, (b)
      conventional photon therapy with delayed 252Cf implants, and (c) 252Cf implants
      ("early") preceding photon therapy. There were 12% 5-year survival for Stage IIIB
      cancers by conventional therapy, and 15% by delayed 252Cf implant therapy. For
      early 252Cf implant therapy there were 54% 5-year survivals with 4% complications
      and 65% 5-year local control, but distant metastases became a prominent delayed
      failure pattern.

PMID- 4019272
TI  - Combination of 60Co gamma-radiation, misonidazole, and maltose tetrapalmitate in
      the treatment of Dunning prostatic tumor in the rat.
AB  - Maltose tetrapalmitate (MTP), a synthetic nontoxic immunoadjuvant, the
      radiosensitizer misonidazole (MISO), and 60Co gamma-radiation, alone or in
      combination, were used in the management of Dunning prostatic tumor in the rat.
      Nine groups of 10 rats each were used to assess the efficacy of various
      therapeutic modalities. Tumor growth rates and animal survival times were
      determined for each group. Radiation was more effective when combined with MTP,
      but the adjuvant must be present when radiation is given for synergism to occur.
      MISO was as effective as MTP when used with radiation, but combining them cancels
      out their individual effects. In a clinical situation it would be advantageous to
      use separately the synergisms existing between MISO and radiation on the one hand
      and MTP and radiation on the other hand.

PMID- 4019273
TI  - The relationship between lung colony and in situ assays.
AB  - The relationship between three different assays: tumor control, tumor growth
      delay and lung colony formation, was examined after fast neutron and gamma ray
      irradiations. Fibrosarcomas (NFSa) in syngeneic C3Hf mice were irradiated locally
      with 60Co gamma rays, fast neutrons or mixed beams (gamma rays and fast
      neutrons). A comparison between the lung colony assay and the TRT50 (50% tumor
      growth delay time) assay when cells were exposed to single doses of fast neutrons
      or gamma rays, resulted in identical growth delay times. The fraction of cells
      surviving a single dose of fast neutrons, was 10 times higher than the surviving
      fraction of cells after a single dose of gamma rays. Both doses resulted in the
      same tumor control probability (TCD50 assay). Neither repair of potentially
      lethal damage nor tumor bed effect was sufficient to explain the difference
      between cell survival and tumor control probability. The surviving fraction of
      cells following fractionated irradiations of gamma rays and fast neutrons were
      identical at 50% tumor control probabilities.

PMID- 4019274
TI  - The effect of actinomycin D on radiation induced reactions of the lip mucosa of
      mice.
AB  - The interaction of intraperitoneally injected Actinomycin D and irradiation was
      investigated in the lip mucosa of NMRI mice. In this rapidly proliferating
      tissue, a semiquantitative assessment of possible modifications of the radiation
      response by a drug can be done without using lethality as an endpoint. It was
      shown that a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg drug given at different times between 24 hr
      prior to and 24 hr after single radiation doses did not effect the rate of
      development nor the intensity of mucosal radiation damage. With extended time
      intervals of 2, 3, or 7 days between both single agents, a slight increase of the
      lip mucosal reaction was measured. Similar results were obtained when 5 daily
      drug injections of 0.15 mg/kg were administered starting at day 5 after a single
      radiation exposure. No differences in response could be demonstrated when
      fractionated irradiations with intervals ranging from 1 to 24 hr were closely
      combined with either single or repeated drug treatments (0.5 mg/kg in total) as
      compared to irradiation alone. However, a slight modification of the iso-effect
      dose was measured when 0.5 mg/kg Actinomycin D was administered at various
      periods in between 2 radiation doses separated by 10 days. A maximal effect was
      measured with 5 daily injections of 0.15 mg/kg drug each and given at a time when
      proliferative capacity was high. With 0.1 mg/kg Actinomycin D per daily
      injection, no enhancement of the radiation injury was found. Thus, in these
      circumstances no influence of Actinomycin D on radiosensitivity nor on repair of
      sublethal damage could be demonstrated. A clear inhibitory effect on lip mucosal
      repopulation by the drug is evident, but only at high drug doses close to toxic
      concentrations.

PMID- 4019276
TI  - Strategies for treating possible tumor extension: some theoretical
      considerations.
AB  - When there is a small possibility of cancer having extended to a region some
      distance from the main bulk of disease, it may be unclear whether to include that
      region in the target volume and, if so, what dose should be delivered to it. We
      have constructed a theoretical model that includes dose and volume relationships
      for both diseased and normal tissue. With this model one can calculate the change
      in tumor control probability (TCP) when varying doses are delivered to the
      regions of known and suspected disease. Values of TCP as a function of dose to
      the region of suspected disease have been calculated for a wide range of the
      variables on which the model depends. We conclude that the strategy of treating
      the region of suspected disease to about 70% of the dose delivered to the region
      of known disease is almost always better than not treating it at all, or treating
      both regions to a uniform but reduced dose designed to keep the probability of
      complication the same. The gain in TCP could be from 5 to 15% for situations of
      clinical interest.

PMID- 4019275
TI  - Radiation-induced inhibition of thymidine incorporation in vivo as a measure of
      the initial slope and RBEn/gamma.
AB  - Radiation damage can be measured by decreased incorporation of 3H-TdR. The early
      effect of total body irradiation of mice, with doses up to 300-400 rad, of gamma
      rays of neutrons, on thymidine-3H incorporation into the DNA of murine
      proliferating normal and tumor cells are described. Total body irradiation with
      single doses up to 300 rad resulted in a steep dose-dependent depression of 3H
      TdR incorporation into the DNA of the jejunal crypt, testis, spleen, fibrosarcoma
      (FSa), and FSa metastasis cells. The dose required to depress 3H-TdR
      incorporation values to 37% of control level (D37/thymidine) after gamma
      irradiation was calculated to be 405, 443, 72, 303, and 531 rad, for jejunal
      crypt, testis, spleen, FSa metastasis, and FSa tumor cells, respectively. The
      depression progressed during the first 3 hours after irradiation. After neutron
      irradiation, the D37/thymidine was calculated to be 81, 140, 35, and 155 rad for
      jejunal crypt, testis, spleen, and FSa metastasis cells, respectively. The
      RBEn/gamma derived from these results were 5.00, 3.16, 2.06, and 1.95 for jejunal
      crypt, testis, spleen, and FSa metastasis cells, respectively. These results of
      D37/thymidine after gamma-irradiation and the RBEn/gamma correlate well with the
      1Do for the initial slope of the survival curve and RBEn/gamma published in the
      literature for C3H/Kam mice using the same gamma and neutron beams. These
      findings show that cell survival after small doses of irradiation correlate with
      the effect of irradiation on the actively proliferating cells at the time of
      irradiation.

PMID- 4019277
TI  - Clinical experience with a computerized record and verify system.
AB  - To improve the quality of patient care by detecting and preventing many types of
      treatment mistakes, we have implemented a computerized system for recording and
      verifying external beam radiation treatments on our therapy machines. It inhibits
      the radiation beam if treatment machine settings do not agree with prescribed
      values to within maximum permissible deviations (tolerances). The tolerances are
      determined from experience and adjusted when necessary to make the system more
      effective and less susceptible to "false alarms." The system uses a common data
      base for all treatment machines. As a result, it permits statistical analysis and
      generation of reports based on data encompassing the entire patient population as
      well as verification of treatments of patients transferred from one machine to
      another. Reports of verification failures reveal patterns of mistakes. Knowing
      these, attempts can be made to reduce the frequency of verification failures.
      "Significant" mistakes that were prevented are extracted by treatment planning
      personnel from these reports. Analysis of data indicates a rate of approximately
      150 "significant" mistakes detected and prevented per machine per year,
      representing 1.0% of all fields treated. We present and discuss our experiences
      with the system and with the frequency, patterns, and significance of
      verification failures. We selected a few of the patients for whose treatments
      significant set-up mistakes were made, and were detected and prevented by the
      Record and Verify System. We include discussions of the overall effect these
      mistakes would have had on dose distribution had they not been prevented.

PMID- 4019278
TI  - Obtaining local SAR and blood perfusion data from temperature measurements:
      steady state and transient techniques compared.
AB  - A series of analyses and experiments was performed to determine the extent that
      SAR and blood perfusion information can be extracted from steady state
      temperature values and from transient temperature measurements following a step
      change in applied power. Multiple local temperature measurements were made in
      canine thighs heated by 2450 MHZ microwaves to evaluate two parameters: the local
      absorbed power in the tissue, and the local "effective blood perfusion." The
      theoretical bases for these calculations are presented in order to identify their
      underlying assumptions and to obtain a unified basis for comparison of the
      various calculation methods used by previous investigators. From energy balance
      considerations it can be shown that the local absorbed power can be obtained from
      either the rate of increase of temperature following a step increase in power, or
      from the rate of decrease in temperature immediately following a step decrease in
      power. These theoretical observations are verified experimentally by comparing
      the SAR results at fixed positions in canine thighs as calculated from both
      increasing and decreasing power steps. For decreasing power steps, the resulting
      decreasing temperature curves can also be used to calculate an effective blood
      perfusion rate if thermal conduction is included. Alternatively, this same
      effective blood perfusion rate can be calculated from steady state data. (These
      two approaches have been used by previous investigators to determine "blood
      perfusion" values. We have added the modifier "effective" to specifically denote
      the presence of thermal conduction effects in such perfusion calculations.) From
      our experimental results and theoretical calculations it appears that differences
      between the predictions of the two calculation methods arise from changing
      thermal conduction values during the cooling period of the thermal clearance
      method. The steady state calculation approach is easier to apply than the washout
      method, but it requires the additional knowledge of the local SAR value. It is
      important to realize that effective blood perfusion values calculated using
      thermal techniques are subject to large errors under conditions where thermal
      conduction is important, unless this conduction is explicitLy included in the
      calculation. Such effective blood perfusion values should not be quantitatively
      compared to values calculated from non-thermal techniques that are not affected
      by thermal conduction. Unless such conduction effects are known to be negligible,
      effective perfusion values are only qualitative indicators of the presence of
      changes in blood perfusion.

PMID- 4019279
TI  - Test of recurrence after experimental radiation therapy of chemically induced
      autochthonous tumors in mosaic mice.
AB  - True recurrence was distinguished from induction of new second tumors after
      experimental radiation therapy using monoclonal tumors produced in the mosaic
      cell background of mice. The mice were C3H/He females heterozygous at the X
      chromosome-linked locus of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and consisted of two
      types (A and B) of somatic cells by inactivation of one of X-chromosomes.
      Sarcomas and carcinomas with a single PGK phenotype were produced by subcutaneous
      injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) into the groin of the mice, and locally
      and singly irradiated with 4-6.5 Krad of X rays generated by a 6 Mev linear
      accelerator, when they were 8-10 mm in diameter. Of 69 mice irradiated, 17 were
      available for comparison of the PGK and histological types of primary and
      recurrent tumors. Of these, 10 recurrent tumors with A-type PGK and 3 with B-type
      PGK exhibited the same PGK type as that of primary tumors, while one was
      distinguishable histologically. Only one recurrent tumor was of the opposite PGK
      and a different histological type from the primary tumor. Considering the
      probability of new tumor formation among A----A recurrent tumors, it was
      calculated that 79% (11/14) of the tumors that reappeared in the irradiated area
      were actually true recurrent tumors. Autochthonous tumors may be important in
      testing therapeutic methods.

PMID- 4019280
TI  - Benefit, risk, and optimization by ROC analysis in cancer radiotherapy.
AB  - The objective of definitive cancer radiation therapy is cure or control. The
      attainment of that objective is not without risk of treatment-induced radiation
      injury. The optimum treatment is, therefore, that level of radiotherapeutic
      effect with the maximum probability of benefit and the minimum associated
      probability of injury. An objective of radiotherapy research is the formulation
      of a model of optimization that is independent of a consensus of what constitutes
      optimization. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is such a model,
      for it can relate probabilities of benefit and injury yielding a graphical
      determination of the optimum level of radiotherapeutic effect. ROC analysis is
      explained, an example taken from the contemporary radiotherapy literature is
      presented, and clinical research requirements for a general application of ROC
      analysis to the optimization of definitive cancer radiotherapy are developed.

PMID- 4019281
TI  - Evaluating cancer patients for metastases: an approach using Bayes' theorem.
AB  - Before patients with apparently localized cancer are offered potentially curative
      surgery or radiation therapy, physicians often order a battery of imaging studies
      to exclude metastases. The yield of radionuclide liver and bone scans and
      computed tomography of the brain in breast, colorectal, and lung carcinomas was
      examined as follows: the literature was reviewed to obtain the autopsy
      prevalences of brain, liver and bone metastases in breast, colorectal and all
      histologies of lung carcinoma, to estimate the sensitivities and specificities of
      radionuclide liver and bone scans and computed tomography of the brain. Using
      Bayes' theorem, the predictive accuracies of positive and negative clinical
      evaluations and imaging studies were computed. For most of the examples analyzed,
      the imaging studies do not provide information beyond that obtained by the
      history, physical examination, and inexpensive laboratory tests and radiographs
      that would alter the physician's decision to offer curative treatment directed
      towards local disease. This method is presented as a model for clinical decision
      making where the information gained by an additional study is evaluated for its
      use in altering therapeutic decisions.

PMID- 4019282
TI  - Inappropriate use of linear-quadratic analysis of tumor response.

PMID- 4019283
TI  - Proceedings of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, 27th
      annual meeting. September 29-October 4, 1985, Miami Beach, Florida. Abstracts.

PMID- 4019284
TI  - Taenia saginata cysticercosis in an Ohio cattle feeding operation.
AB  - In January to March 1981, 37 slaughter cattle from a single Ohio feeding
      operation were determined, at postmortem inspection, to be infected with Taenia
      saginata cysticerci. A subsequent outbreak on this same farm in March 1983
      involved 7 slaughter cattle. An epidemiologic investigation was conducted of
      possible sources of the T saginata ova; these included leakage of raw sewage onto
      the pasture after a flood in 1980, municipal sewage sludge application on the
      farm, defecation in feed or water by farm workers, and other off-farm sources.
      Temporal and spatial observations implicated raw sewage contamination of pastures
      as the most likely source of infection in the 1981 outbreak. The outbreak in 1983
      was more likely associated with sludge application. The possibility of an
      infected worker exposing the cattle to infected feces was not excluded definitely
      as a possible source.

PMID- 4019286
TI  - Effect of unilateral orchiectomy on semen quality in bulls.
AB  - Unilateral orchiectomy was performed on 9 mature mixed-breed bulls with
      satisfactory semen quality to study the effect of the procedure on quality of
      semen from the contralateral testicle. Semen was collected by electroejaculation
      before surgery and on alternate days for 2 weeks, then once weekly for 8 weeks.
      Each sampling day, progressive motility and morphologic features of spermatozoa
      were determined, and scrotal thermograms were taken. The percentage of normal
      spermatozoa decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) only on postoperative day
      6. Progressive motility scores varied but at the end of the study there was no
      significant difference from preoperative values. Scrotal thermography revealed
      inflammation in the contralateral side of the scrotum, beginning 3 days after
      surgery, but the thermograms were normal in most bulls by 3 weeks after surgery,
      and all thermograms were normal by 4 weeks.

PMID- 4019285
TI  - A correlative study of the clinical and radiographic signs of periodontal disease
      in dogs.
AB  - Twenty-four dogs admitted for routine teeth cleaning were selected arbitrarily to
      undergo a periodontal examination and a dental radiographic examination before
      the dental procedure. Data pertaining to the physical and radiographic
      manifestations of periodontal disease of 783 teeth were collected. All dogs had
      lesions consistent with periodontal disease, ranging from mild gingivitis and
      minimal plaque accumulation to severely inflamed gingiva, exuberant calculus
      formation, and root exposure. Of the 783 teeth examined, 153 (20%) had a pocket
      depth greater than or equal to 4 mm and less than or equal to 9 mm. Data
      regarding these teeth were subjected to statistical analysis. The clinical signs
      of plaque, calculus, mobility, pocket depth, and furcation were positively
      associated with radiographic signs of periodonta disease. The association between
      grossly evident gingivitis and radiographic signs of periodontal disease was not
      significant. Conditional probability analysis was applied to determine confidence
      intervals for the probability of a radiographic sign of periodontal disease
      occurring given that a clinical sign of periodontal disease occurs.

PMID- 4019287
TI  - Neoplasia of the equine urinary bladder as a cause of hematuria.
AB  - In 6 horses with urinary bladder neoplasms, common clinical findings included a
      palpable mass in the bladder, anemia, hematuria, and/or proteinuria. Squamous
      cell carcinoma was found in 4 horses and appears to be the most common bladder
      tumor in the horse. Single cases of transitional cell carcinoma and fibromatous
      polyp also were identified. All horses except one were over 10 years of age. In
      one mare, treatment with 5-fluorouracil intracystically resulted in decreased
      bleeding from the bladder mass and apparent stabilization of the mass size. The
      mare ultimately died because of abdominal metastasis. Although rare, neoplasia of
      the urinary bladder should be considered when evaluating horses with hematuria.

PMID- 4019288
TI  - Vagus indigestion syndrome resulting from a liver abscess in dairy cows.
AB  - A liver abscess resulted in vagal indigestion in 8 dairy cattle. There was
      cessation of transport of digesta through the omasum. Clinical signs were of
      variable duration and included abdominal distention and bradycardia. Medical
      therapy had not been effective. Left paralumbar fossa celiotomy and rumenotomy
      permitted detection of the liver abscess. A second surgery from a ventral
      approach allowed drainage of the abscess by insertion of a catheter through the
      abdominal wall.

PMID- 4019289
TI  - Effects of enterocentesis on peritoneal fluid constituents in the horse.
AB  - Peritoneal fluid was collected from 15 clinically normal horses and was analyzed
      for nucleated cell (NC) counts and specific gravity. Six horses (controls, group
      1) were subjected to abdominocentesis only, with a teat cannula, every 24 hours
      for 5 days. There were no marked changes in the peritoneal fluid of these horses
      over the 5-day period. Peritoneal fluid was collected from 6 other horses (group
      2) with an 8.89-cm 18-gauge needle. The needle was then advanced until intestinal
      fluid was obtained. Peritoneal fluid was then collected with teat cannulas at 24
      hour intervals for an additional 4 days. Peritoneal fluid NC counts from group 2
      horses were significantly increased (P less than 0.05) at peak values 2 days
      after enterocentesis. Specific gravities of peritoneal fluid from group 2 horses
      were increased on days 1 and 2 after enterocentesis (P greater than 0.05).
      Peritoneal fluid from 3 other horses (group 3) was collected before
      enterocentesis (base line) and again at 4-hour intervals after enterocentesis.
      Peritoneal fluid NC counts of group 3 horses were markedly increased above base
      line values 4 hours after enterocentesis and continued to increase for up to 12
      hours after enterocentesis when the experiment was terminated. All horses that
      underwent enterocentesis remained clinically normal except 1 group 3 horse that
      had a fever (39.6 C) 24 hours after enterocentesis.

PMID- 4019290
TI  - Intestinal decompression: preliminary study in the horse.
AB  - A technique of nasoduodenal (N-D) intubation and intestinal decompression was
      developed and used in the horse to explore the prevention of gastric and
      intestinal distention after abdominal surgical operation. Three styles of tubes
      (2 single-lumen tubes and 1 double-lumen tube) were positioned in the duodenum of
      12 mature horses (10 experimental and 2 clinical) during laparotomy (without
      enterotomy), and an iatrogenic occlusion at the small intestine was created and
      later released in the 10 experimental horses. The 2 clinical horses had an
      exploratory laparotomy to correct a natural obstruction of the small intestine.
      After each horse recovered from surgical manipulation, suction was used to keep
      fluids from accumulating in the cranial part of the gastrointestinal tract. In 5
      of the 12 horses, the most simple N-D tube was positioned successfully and
      functioned properly. Three of the 5 horses which were fasted before surgical
      manipulation (to obtain an empty stomach) survived without postsurgical
      complications. Volume of reflux material was measured. Clinical data, such as
      periods of comfort during decompression without giving analgesics, were recorded.
      Necropsies were done on 10 of the 12 horses (9 experimental and 1 clinical).
      Although already tested in 2 clinical horses, use of the N-D tube remains
      experimental, and the N-D tube functioned only in horses which were fasted before
      surgical manipulation. Perfection of a safe and dependable means of emptying the
      equine stomach of its solid ingesta before gastrointestinal intubation is done,
      is the next step in affording greater clinical application of the N-D tube for
      gastrointestinal decompression.

PMID- 4019291
TI  - Ruptured urinary bladder in a heifer.
AB  - A yearling Holstein heifer was admitted with abdominal pain and bilateral,
      ventral abdominal distention. Bladder rupture was diagnosed by abdominocentesis
      and endoscopy. Correction of metabolic derangements was accomplished by volume
      diuresis, with maintenance of a urethral catheter before surgical repair of the
      bladder. The cause of the bladder rupture was believed to be related to adhesions
      resulting from previous surgery for urachal abscessation. Bladder rupture, which
      usually occurs in bulls or steers secondary to urolithiasis or in cows after
      dystocia, also should be considered in prepartum heifers with dehydration,
      abdominal pain, and abdominal distention.

PMID- 4019292
TI  - Pharyngeal polyps in two feline siblings.
AB  - Pharyngeal polyps were diagnosed in 2 sibling kittens referred for evaluation of
      chronic upper respiratory tract disease. Surgical excision of the masses was
      performed in both kittens after skull radiography and oral examination. One
      kitten had a recurrence of pharyngeal polyps 5 weeks after surgery and was
      euthanatized and necropsied. The clinical and histologic findings in these 2
      cases suggested a congenital origin of this disease.

PMID- 4019293
TI  - Suspected immune-mediated megakaryocytic hypoplasia or aplasia in a dog.
AB  - Megakaryocytic hypoplasia or aplasia causing thrombocytopenia was diagnosed in a
      3-year-old Miniature Poodle with scleral hemorrhage, melena, ecchymoses, and
      blood-loss anemia. Immunosuppressive, cytotoxic, and lithium carbonate therapy
      resulted in successful correction of the dog's disease. It is important to
      recognize megakaryocytic hypoplasia or aplasia as the cause of thrombocytopenia,
      since the response to therapy will be slower when there is stem cell injury.

PMID- 4019294
TI  - Segmental hemiatrophy in a dog.
AB  - Congenital asymmetric development, resulting in a small right thoracic limb, was
      diagnosed in a dog. The limb was anatomically normal. The lesion closely
      resembled hemiatrophy. Congenital asymmetric development should be considered in
      the differential diagnosis of limb length discrepancies. Treatment is required
      only in cases of extreme discrepancy between the normal and affected limb.

PMID- 4019295
TI  - Choledocholithotripsy in a mare.
AB  - Obstructive choledocholithiasis in a 12-year-old mare was corrected surgically by
      choledocholithotripsy. The mare had a history of chronic weight loss,
      intermittent fever, partial anorexia, jaundice, recurrent abdominal pain, and an
      abdominal mass palpable per rectum. Values for alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin,
      gamma-glutamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and bromsulpthalein half-life
      were increased and bilirubinuria was evident before surgery. Two liver biopsies
      revealed periportal and portal fibrosis, bile duct proliferation, cholestasis,
      and variable amounts of hepatocellular necrosis, with infiltration by
      polymorphonuclear cells. Immediate clinical improvement was seen after surgery,
      and results of selected liver function tests gradually returned to normal. Since
      surgery, the mare has returned to her normal weight, has remained clinically
      normal for liver disease for 28 months, and has been useful as a broodmare.

PMID- 4019296
TI  - Use of 111In-labeled autologous leukocytes to image an abdominal abscess in a
      horse.
AB  - Indium 111-labeled autologous leukocytes were used to image an abdominal abscess
      in a horse with a palpable abdominal mass and history of Streptococcus equi
      infection. A focal area of radioactivity was identified in the location
      corresponding to the abscess. Imaging of this focal uptake was optimal 48 hours
      after injection. Similar scans obtained in 2 clinically normal horses revealed no
      evidence of focal radioactivity in this region. The cell labeling procedure gave
      acceptable labeling efficiency (87.5%) but an excessive number of damaged WBC,
      resulting in persistent lung radioactivity on all images. No adverse effects were
      noted. Radiation measured in the horse and its excreta were well within
      acceptable limits.

PMID- 4019297
TI  - Hemodialysis of a dog with acute renal failure.
AB  - A dog with oliguric acute renal failure presumed to have been caused by ethylene
      glycol ingestion was treated by hemodialysis for 1 month. Hemodialysis was
      effective in controlling azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia when
      performed on a daily or alternate-day basis. The major complications during
      treatment were infection and severe weight loss. Serial renal biopsies disclosed
      a progression from initial acute tubular necrosis to severe diffuse interstitial
      fibrosis and mononuclear cell inflammation. Infection, cachexia, development of
      end-stage renal lesions, and terminal hyperkalemia contributed to the eventual
      death of the dog.

PMID- 4019298
TI  - Clinical evaluation of dogs after surgical and nonsurgical management of
      osteochondritis dissecans of the talus.
AB  - Osteochondritis dissecans of the medial aspect of the talus was diagnosed in 17
      joints in 11 dogs. In 10 of the 11 dogs, intermittent lameness had persisted
      after initial diagnosis and therapy. Radiographs made during the initial
      examination showed a widening of the medial tarsocrural joint space, with
      osteophyte formation involving the medial and caudal tarsocrural joint. The
      follow-up radiographs showed greatest change in the increase in reactive bone
      formation, especially involving the medial and caudal aspects of the tarsocrural
      joint and the medial aspect of the talus. Arthrotomy for flap removal and
      curettage was performed on 11 joints; 6 joints did not receive surgery. After a
      mean period of 34 months following diagnosis, the dogs were examined clinically
      and the affected joints were radiographed. The degree of lameness, range of
      motion, and stability of the tarsocrural joint were graded for each limb.
      Radiographic determinants that were assessed included: width of the medial
      tarsocrural joint space, medial tarsocrural osteophyte formation, lateral
      tarsocrural osteophyte formation, caudal tarsocrural osteophyte formation, medial
      talus osteophyte formation, lateral talus osteophyte formation, intertarsal
      osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis of the distal end of the tibia,
      presence of joint bodies, and periarticular soft-tissue thickness. On the basis
      of clinical and radiographic evaluations, the surgical procedures described in
      this report did not modify progression of osteoarthritic changes.

PMID- 4019299
TI  - Occipitoatlantoaxial malformation in two non-Arabian horses.
AB  - Occipitoatlantoaxial malformation was diagnosed in a 19-month-old mare of
      Appaloosa breeding and in a 3-year-old Quarter Horse gelding. Both horses had
      abnormal head and neck carriage since birth, but neurologic deficits did not
      become evident clinically until the horses reached 2 and 3 years of age,
      respectively. Palpation and manipulation of the base of the skull and cervical
      area proved to be useful diagnostically. Movement could not be elicited at the
      atlantooccipital joint but, in comparison with clinically normal horses, the
      range of dorsoventral motion at the atlantoaxial joint was increased. Alternate
      subluxation and relocation of this joint generated audible clicking sounds.
      Radiography revealed symmetric atlantooccipital fusion, with modification of the
      atlas, atlantoaxial joint, and axis. These findings were confirmed at necropsy.

PMID- 4019300
TI  - Treatment of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.

PMID- 4019301
TI  - Bone marrow necrosis in the dog.
AB  - Bone marrow necrosis in 4 dogs was characterized by refractory anemia with or
      without leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Romanovsky-stained bone marrow had a
      diffuse blue discoloration, and marrow particles were elongated. Degenerating
      cells, cellular debris, and vacuolated macrophages also were seen. Examination of
      bone marrow sections revealed extensive replacement of normal stroma by necrotic
      debris and hemorrhage. The cause of the necrosis was not determined. Concomitant
      disorders included chronic ehrlichiosis, estrogen toxicosis, malignancy,
      endometrial cystic hyperplasia, and glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 4019302
TI  - Tracheal rupture in two horses.
AB  - Two horses were admitted for evaluation of diffuse SC emphysema. Diagnosis of
      ruptured trachea was made by tracheoscopy and radiography. The tracheal
      cartilages were not involved in either case. One of the defects was small and
      responded to medical management. The other defect was large and was apposed
      surgically. Both horses recovered without complications.

PMID- 4019303
TI  - Pseudohyperchloremia associated with bromide intoxication in a goat herd.
AB  - Pseudohyperchloremia and a negative anion gap were detected in goats with bromide
      intoxication. Bromide interferes with ion-specific electrodes, resulting in a
      falsely increased serum chloride concentrations. Bromide intoxication should be
      considered in animals with progressive neurologic signs, a high serum chloride
      value, and a low or negative anion gap.

PMID- 4019304
TI  - Fracture of the greater tubercle of the humerus in a filly.
AB  - A fracture of the caudal portion of the greater tubercle of the humerus was
      diagnosed in a 16-month-old Thoroughbred filly. Initially the fracture caused
      severe lameness. Radiography of the affected shoulder revealed the fracture
      fragment to be extra-articular, with a surrounding bony callus and no evidence of
      joint disease. After 5 weeks rest in a stall and 11 months at pasture, the filly
      was trained and raced without lameness.

PMID- 4019305
TI  - Paragonimiasis in a dog: treatment with praziquantel.
AB  - Oral administration of 25 mg of praziquantel/kg of body weight 3 times a day for
      2 consecutive days resulted in clinical and parasitologic cure of paragonimiasis
      in a dog. Previous treatment with the drug at the dosage recommended for cestode
      removal (5 mg/kg, SC) for 2 days was only partially effective. The dog exhibited
      cachexia, coughing, gagging, and occasional hemoptysis. Radiography revealed
      nodular and cystic densities in the lungs. The life history and clinical aspects
      of Paragonimus kellicotti infection in the dog are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 4019306
TI  - Tetraparesis following cervical disk fenestration in two dogs.
AB  - Two dogs were nonambulatory and tetraparetic following cervical disk fenestration
      used as the treatment for cervical disk disease. Severe pain and cervical muscle
      fasiculation also were evident. The site of disk extrusion was localized
      radiographically, and cervical ventral decompression was used to remove the disk
      material. Recovery in both cases was complete.

PMID- 4019307
TI  - Aridicins, novel glycopeptide antibiotics. I. Taxonomy, production and biological
      activity.
AB  - A new species of a new genus of the Actinomycetales was discovered,
      Kibdelosporangium aridum. This strain produces a new family of glycopeptide
      antibiotics designated aridicins, that contain an unusual glycolipid constituent.
      They inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, including staphylococci, enterococci and
      Clostridium sp.

PMID- 4019308
TI  - Aridicins, novel glycopeptide antibiotics. II. Isolation and characterization.
AB  - A new antibacterial antibiotic complex, aridicin, was produced by a new genus,
      Kibdelosporangium aridum (SK&F-AAD-216). The individual factors, aridicins A, B
      and C, were isolated from the fermentation broth by an Amberlite XAD-7 resin
      extraction and purified by preparative reversed phase HPLC. The aridicins were
      found to be novel members of the glycopeptide class of antibiotics as exemplified
      by ristocetin and vancomycin, based on chemical and spectroscopic data, their
      molecular weights as determined by FAB mass spectrometry (1,786, 1,800 and
      1,814), the detection of actinoidinic acid in their acid hydrolysates, and
      detailed TLC and HPLC comparisons with representative members of this class.

PMID- 4019309
TI  - The structure of A201A, a novel nucleoside antibiotic.
AB  - The structure of the novel nucleoside antibiotic A201A has been determined by a
      combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods. It is composed of 6
      dimethylaminopurine, 3-amino-3-deoxyribose, p-hydroxy-alpha-methylcinnamic acid,
      a novel unsaturated hexofuranose and 3,4-di-O-methylrhamnose. Structures have
      also been assigned to several related minor factors simultaneously isolated from
      the fermentation broth. These unique nucleosides have very interesting
      similarities and differences in structure with the known antibiotics puromycin
      and hygromycin A.

PMID- 4019310
TI  - Synthesis of several new carbapenem antibiotics.
AB  - A synthesis of several carbapenem antibiotics including 9-methoxythienamycin is
      described. The final deprotection of C-3 esters was accomplished by a novel
      procedure using aluminum trichloride under a very mild condition. The
      antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is shown.

PMID- 4019311
TI  - Studies on the biosynthesis of carbapenem antibiotics. III. Enzymological
      characterization of the L-amino acid acylase activity of A933 acylase.
AB  - A933 acylase, which is involved in exchange of the pantothenyl substituent of OA
      6129 carbapenems with acetyl CoA, was characterized as an L-amino acid acylase
      with a molecular weight of 100,000 (+/- 8,000) and a pI value of 5.1. The highest
      L-amino acid acylase activity of A933 acylase was observed at 37 degrees C and pH
      7 approximately 7.5 for N-chloroacetyl-L-phenylalanine. Unlike other amino acid
      acylases, A933 acylase was severely inhibited by cobalt ions and p
      chloromercuribenzoate. The acylase also showed peptidase activity with some di-
      and tripeptides. A protein fraction with A933 L-amino acid acylase activity from
      blocked mutant 1501 lacked OA-6129A-depantothenylating activity.

PMID- 4019313
TI  - Enantiodivergent total syntheses of (-)-nanaomycin D and its enantiomer, (+)
      kalafungin.

PMID- 4019312
TI  - The cloned Streptomyces bikiniensis A-factor determinant.
AB  - By cleavage with restriction endonucleases and cloning the resultant fragments,
      the A-factor determinant cloned from streptomycin-producing Streptomyces
      bikiniensis (Horinouchi et al., J. Bacteriol. 158: 481 approximately 487, 1984)
      was narrowed down to a 1.1-kilobase (kb) fragment. A hybrid multicopy plasmid
      (pAFB15) carrying the 1.1-kb fragment conferred A-factor production in a large
      quantity to A-factor-deficient mutants of S. bikiniensis and Streptomyces griseus
      as well as afsA mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). A transcriptional
      control signal in the 1.1-kb fragment was identified by using a promoter-probe
      vector pARC 1. Plasmid pAFB15 also caused A-factor production with a marked gene
      dosage effect in four different Streptomyces strains which originally had no
      ability to produce A-factor and no DNA sequence homologous to the S. bikiniensis
      A-factor determinant, suggesting that precursors of A-factor are common
      metabolites in streptomycetes and that acquisition of only a single key enzyme
      encoded by the 1.1-kb fragment is sufficient for Streptomyces strains to
      synthesize A-factor.

PMID- 4019314
TI  - Sugar-ring analogs of daunorubicin: 3'-epidaunorubicin, 3'-hydroxy-3',5'
      diepidaunorubicin and 3',6'-dihydroxy-3',5'-diepidaunorubicin.

PMID- 4019315
TI  - Studies on the biosynthesis of bialaphos (SF-1293). 6. Production of N-acetyl
      demethylphosphinothricin and N-acetylbialaphos by blocked mutants of Streptomyces
      hygroscopicus SF-1293 and their roles in the biosynthesis of bialaphos.

PMID- 4019316
TI  - Structural characterization of glycopeptide antibiotics related to vancomycin by
      fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
AB  - A series of glycopeptide antibiotics related to the vancomycin-ristocetin family
      have been successfully analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry
      (FABMS). The FAB mass spectra of glycopeptides weighing up to 2,100 daltons
      exhibit intense molecular ions and fragment ions from which information
      concerning carbohydrate composition and sequence are readily obtained. Careful
      adjustment of the FABMS experimental conditions has enabled the accurate masses
      of the glycopeptides to be determined by high resolution FABMS with an accuracy
      of better than six ppm. Comparison of the observed molecular ion cluster pattern
      with calculated isotope distributions reveals the precise number of chlorine
      atoms in these molecules, which, together with the accurate mass data, can be
      used to restrict the number of possible elemental compositions to a meaningfully
      small value. These techniques have been used to characterize several
      glycopeptides of known structure including ristocetin, actinoidin, avoparcin,
      vancomycin and A35512B, as well as aridicins A, B and C which are three new,
      novel members of the vancomycin class.

PMID- 4019317
TI  - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of pyrimidinylureidocephalosporins.
AB  - The synthesis of a series of 7R-[(R)-2-[3-[5-pyrimidinyl]ureido]-2
      (aryl)acetamido]-3-cephem-4- carboxylates is described. Variation of the
      substituents at the 3-position in the cephem nucleus, at the 2-position of the
      pyrimidine ring, and of the phenyl residue in the acyl side chain is carried out.
      Qualitative structure-activity relationships in this series are discussed. VX-VD
      2, the most interesting compound, exhibits broad antimicrobial activity against
      Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 4019318
TI  - CC-1065 transformations.
AB  - This report defines the transformations that antitumor antibiotic CC-1065
      underwent under basic and acidic conditions. The isolation, purification,
      characterization, and biological properties of a cyclopropapyrroloindole
      fragment, and an acidic fragment, PDE-I dimer, from a mild alkaline fragmentation
      and the phenolic product, AAP, resulting from alkylation of acetic acid by the
      cyclopropyl function are described.

PMID- 4019319
TI  - Application of a tissue culture microtiter test for the detection of cytotoxic
      agents from natural products.
AB  - A method is described by which the growth inhibitory effects of cytotoxic
      compounds and fermentation broth cultures on adherent tumor cell lines can be
      quantitated. Cells are seeded into 96-well microtiter plates and 16 hours later
      the test compounds or broths are added to the wells. Cell growth is measured
      after three days (B16 mouse melanoma cells) or six days (HT-29, human colon
      carcinoma cells) by first fixing adherent cells, staining with Giemsa stain,
      washing away excess stain, then solubilizing stained cells with HCl. Absorbance
      is determined using a microELISA spectrophotometer and the data are transferred
      to and analyzed by a computer. The assay is rapid and reproducible and can be
      used to identify fermentation broths with cytotoxic components. Addition of DNA
      into the assay mixture (cells plus compound) inhibits the cytotoxic activities of
      certain DNA-reactive agents. The results of this study demonstrate the
      application of this assay system for primary and secondary evaluation of
      fermentation broths for in vitro antitumor activity.

PMID- 4019320
TI  - Activity of safracins A and B, heterocyclic quinone antibiotics, on experimental
      tumors in mice.
AB  - Safracins A and B, new antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens A2-2, were
      tested for antitumor activity against mouse tumors. Structurally, these
      antibiotics belong to the saframycin family of antibiotics, and safracin B is 21
      hydroxysafracin A. They showed antitumor activity against L1210 and P388
      leukemias and B16 melanoma. The toxic and effective doses of safracin B were much
      lower than those of safracin A. Safracin B also prolonged the life span of tumor
      bearing mice to a greater extent than safracin A. These results indicate that the
      alpha-carbinolamine structure plays an important role in the antitumor action of
      this type of antibiotic. Both safracins were, however, ineffective when their
      administration route differed from that used for inoculating tumor cells.

PMID- 4019322
TI  - Cloning of a gene from Streptomyces species complementing argG mutations.
AB  - A gene that complements argG mutations was cloned from Streptomyces coelicolor
      and Streptomyces lividans by using pIJ702 as a vector. The recombinant plasmid
      pMCP25 complemented argG mutations of S. lividans and S. coelicolor. The inserted
      DNA of pMCP25 was able to hybridize with argG+ strains of S. lividans, S.
      coelicolor, S. lavendulae and S. alboniger but not with argG mutants of these
      strains.

PMID- 4019321
TI  - Mitogenic potentials of bestatin, amastatin, arphamenines A and B, FK-156 and FK
      565 on spleen lymphocytes.
AB  - The following aminopeptidase (AP) activities were found to be associated with the
      surface of mouse spleen cells: Leu-AP (138 pmol/10(5) cells X minute) and AP-B
      (16 pmol/10(5) cells X minute with Lys-beta-naphthylamide as substrate and 21
      pmol/10(5) cells X minute with Arg-beta-naphthylamide substrate); AP-A activity
      was not detected by the assay system applied. The immunoactive peptide bestatin
      inhibited the Leu-AP, while AP-B activity decreased in the presence of both
      arphamenines A and B and bestatin. No effects on these enzymes were caused by
      amastatin (an AP-A inhibitor), FK-156, FK-565 and Bu-2743E; the latter peptide
      turned out to be not an inhibitor of cell surface associated microsomal Leu-AP
      but an inhibitor of cytosolic Leu-AP. The immunoactive peptides bestatin,
      arphamenines A and B, and amastatin increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into
      spleen cells containing lymphocytes and macrophages. These mitogenic actions were
      not observed when macrophages were removed from the cultures or the cells had
      been stimulated with ConA or LPS. The lactoyl- and heptanoyl peptides FK-156 and
      FK-565 caused a mitogenic action on lymphocytes independently of the presence of
      macrophages. The inhibitor of cytosolic Leu-AP did not change the incorporation
      into lymphocytes.

PMID- 4019323
TI  - Temperature dependence of lincomycin production by thermoduric Streptomyces
      espinosus strains.

PMID- 4019324
TI  - The use of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for the determination of
      structures of everninomicins.

PMID- 4019325
TI  - Biosynthetic origin of carbons 1 and 2 of naphthyridinomycin.

PMID- 4019326
TI  - Microbial conversion of epsilon-pyrromycinone to 1-hydroxy-11-deoxycarminomycin
      II.

PMID- 4019327
TI  - Coding of amplitude-modulated tones in the central auditory system of catfish.
AB  - In the catfish central acoustic system information is coded by two subsets of
      units. Type I units show little or no adaptation, type II units adapt rapidly,
      and some units are transitional, showing moderate adaptation. The two groups of
      units also respond differently when exposed to sinusoidal amplitude modulation of
      the signal's carrier frequency. The tonic, less readily adapting type I units
      code over an intensity range of about 30 dB, are fairly insensitive to intensity
      changes, and follow stimulus envelopes of 60 Hz and less. They apparently
      discharge in response to the actual intensity of the signal rather than in
      response to something in its temporal pattern. The onset-sensitive, fast-adapting
      type II units on the other hand are restricted to an intensity range of only 10
      dB, show greater sensitivity to intensity changes, and are capable of following
      the temporal pattern of amplitude-modulated stimuli exceeding 100 Hz. These units
      appear to code the temporal changes in the stimulus intensity irrespective of the
      absolute intensity of the signal.

PMID- 4019328
TI  - Auditory brainstem and middle latency responses in non-human primates.
AB  - Auditory brainstem (ABR) and middle latency responses (MLR) were obtained from
      each ear in 8 crab-eating macaques, 4 white-handed gibbons, 4 siamangs and 2
      orangutans. Macaques ranged in age from 5 days to 15 years with the 6 older
      animals in age-matched, male-female pairs. From each animal, latency-intensity
      functions were obtained and multiple MLR recordings were measured at 60 and 70
      dB. Latency-intensity functions, interwave intervals, thresholds and percent
      detectability were calculated for ABR waveforms. Waves II and IV were largest in
      amplitude and were most consistently detected at low stimulus intensities in all
      species tested. Waves I and II had adult latencies in the youngest animal tested
      (5-day-old macaque), while waves III and IV were prolonged in comparison to the
      15-month-old macaque, in whom latencies had reached adult values. There were no
      apparent sex differences in evoked potentials in the age-matched, male-female
      pairs. A broad, negative MLR at 7-13 ms was observed in all animals. Longer
      latency MLRs varied among animals of the same species, but were replicable in
      some individuals, including the youngest macaque (5 days) and orangutan (7
      months). These data were compared to responses obtained in humans, other primates
      and other vertebrates.

PMID- 4019329
TI  - Permeability to chloride ions of the cochlear partition in normal guinea pigs.
AB  - The endocochlear potential and Cl- activities in the endolymph and perilymph of
      guinea pigs were simultaneously measured with a pair of double-barreled Cl-
      sensitive liquid-membrane electrodes. Under normal conditions the mean Cl-
      activity was 96.6 mEg/l in the endolymph and 93.5 mEq/l in the perilymph. The
      mean Cl- concentration determined by potentiometric titration was 132.3 mM in the
      endolymph and 121.8 mM in the perilymph. The permeability to Cl- of the cochlear
      partition was determined after active transport was abolished by permanent
      anoxia. The modified permeability coefficient and conductance for Cl- of the
      cochlear partition were computed from the rate of decrease in the Cl-
      concentration of the endolymph and its electrochemical potential difference
      between the endolymph and perilymph. The mean modified Cl- conductance and
      permeability coefficient of the cochlear partition were (10.7 +/- 4.25) X 10(-3)
      omega -1 . cm-3 and (22.58 +/- 8.95) X 10(-6) s-1 respectively, when averaged
      from 10 to 30 min after onset of anoxia. Our results indicate that the cochlear
      partition is relatively permeable to Cl-, when compared to its permeability to
      K+. Possible coupling between Cl- and water movement across the cochlear
      partition is discussed.

PMID- 4019330
TI  - Structure of the barn owl's (Tyto alba) inner ear.
AB  - The basilar papilla of the Barn Owl's (Tyto alba) cochlea was found to be 9.5
      11.5 mm long. Histological examination revealed that the sensory hair cells had a
      characteristic distribution: The proximal half contained mostly typical short
      cells; tall hair cells were present only on the distal half along with many short
      cells. Lenticular short cells occupied the proximal tip of the papilla. Another
      unusual feature of the proximal part was a dense fibrous mass in the basilar
      membrane. This was absent from the distal one-fourth.

PMID- 4019331
TI  - A comparison of brainstem, whole-nerve AP and single-fiber tuning curves in the
      gerbil: normative data.
AB  - Tuning curves were obtained from brainstem responses (BSRs) and whole-nerve
      action potential (AP) responses of gerbils using a forward masking procedure.
      These are compared with single-fiber tuning curves of the gerbil. The broadness
      of the tips, tip-to-tail ratios and the slopes of the high frequency sides of the
      BSR tuning curves are similar to those of the AP curves for probe frequencies
      ranging from 1 to 8 kHz. Also, the BSR and AP curves share a number of
      characteristics with single-fiber tuning curves. These results suggest that, like
      the AP, components of the BSR can be used to measure frequency selectivity in the
      periphery of an intact auditory system.

PMID- 4019332
TI  - A monaural space map in the guinea-pig superior colliculus.
AB  - Under anechoic conditions, a horizontal array of loudspeakers was used to
      investigate the representation of auditory space in the guinea-pig superior
      colliculus. We have previously demonstrated that in animals with both ears
      intact, there is a topographical representation of the azimuthal dimension of
      auditory space in the deep layers of this nucleus. In the present study, we have
      investigated the contribution of monaural and binaural cues to the generation of
      the auditory space map. Occlusion of one ear or unilateral cochlear destruction
      resulted in omnidirectional responses in all cells to white-noise stimuli more
      than 20 dB suprathreshold. The sensitivity of cells to the location of sound at
      or near threshold was, however, unchanged and we demonstrate the presence of a
      threshold, monaural auditory space map. This monaural space map was destroyed by
      removal of the contralateral pinna and concha which resulted in all cells
      responding best, at threshold, to sounds opposite the external auditory meatus.
      Measurements of cochlear microphonic (CM) potentials, although variable, revealed
      that the pinna and concha may result in location-specific changes in the spectral
      pattern at the tympanic membrane.

PMID- 4019333
TI  - A comparison of psychophysical tuning curves obtained using bandpass and
      modulated noise.
AB  - No significant difference was found between psychophysical tuning curves obtained
      using narrowband noise maskers generated by two techniques: digital bandpass
      filtering and amplitude modulation.

PMID- 4019334
TI  - Selection for increased weaning or yearling weight in Hereford cattle. I.
      Measurement of selection applied.
AB  - Selection was applied from 1964 to 1978 for increased weaning weight (WWL) or
      yearling weight (YWL) in two Hereford lines with an Angus line maintained as an
      unselected control line (CL). Each line was maintained with 50 cows and four
      sires (two sires selected each year and each used for 2 yr). Traits analyzed were
      birth weight (BW), preweaning daily gain (WDG), weaning weight (WW), weaning
      conformation grade (WG), weaning condition score (WC), weaning to yearling daily
      gain (YDG), yearling weight (YW), yearling conformation grade (YG) and yearling
      condition score (YC). After 15 yr of selection, a total of 3.22 generations of
      selection had occurred in both WWL and YWL. Average selection differentials in
      standard measure per generation for WWL, YWL and CL, respectively, were: BW, .44,
      .51, .0; WDG, .95, .81, .09; WW, .97, .85, .09; WG, .66, .57, .09; WC, .60, .38, 
      .02; YDG, .30, .79, .38; YW, .80, 1.05, .25; YG, .63, .62, .34 and YC, .45, .64,
      .24. The proportionate contribution of sire selection (delta S) to the average
      midparent selection differential per generation (delta M) was 70% in WWL and 76%
      in YWL. Selection indexes in retrospect were also calculated.

PMID- 4019336
TI  - Sire X environment interactions in beef cattle weaning weight field data.
AB  - Weaning weight field records, supplied by the American Polled Hereford
      Association, were used to examine sire X environment interactions. Sire X
      herd/region and sire X contemporary group/herd interactions were evaluated from a
      data set containing 19,503 records. Sire X region interaction was evaluated from
      a data set containing 8,659 records. The genetic correlations of sire progeny
      performance across contemporary groups/herd were .59 and .37 across herds and
      contemporary groups/region. The average genetic correlation of sire progeny
      performance across regions was .64. Heritability of weaning weight was .11 across
      regions, .17 within region and .28 within herd. Mixed-model sire analyses of
      Polled Hereford weaning weight field records should include sire X herd/region
      and sire X contemporary group/herd random effects to reduce the sire X
      environment effects particular to any herd or contemporary group, and to account
      for the distribution of sire progeny across herds and contemporary groups in the
      estimation of prediction error variance. It may be necessary to perform separate
      sire analyses for some regions to evaluate the breeding values of sires in
      regions where rank changes are likely to occur.

PMID- 4019335
TI  - Selection for increased weaning or yearling weight in Hereford cattle. II. Direct
      and correlated responses.
AB  - Selection was applied from 1964 to 1978 for increased weaning weight (WWL) or
      yearling weight (YWL) in two Hereford lines. An Angus line was maintained as an
      unselected control line (CL). Each line was maintained with 50 cows and four
      sires each year (two sires selected each year and used for 2 yr). Primary traits
      measured in the lines were birth weight (BW), preweaning daily gain (WDG),
      weaning weight (WW), weaning conformation grade (WG), weaning condition score
      (WC), weaning to yearling daily gain (YDG), yearling weight (YW), yearling
      conformation grade (YG) and yearling condition score (YC). Averaged over two
      methods, estimated genetic responses/generation (in standard deviation units) in
      WWL and YWL were: BW, .29, .26; WDG, .17, .15; WW, .22, .19; WG, .19, .26; WC,
      .12, .12; YDG, -.02, .04; YW, .08, .14; YG, .19, .16; YC, -.13, -.03. The
      realized heritability estimates were .23 and .15 for WW and YW, respectively. The
      realized genetic correlation between WW and YW was .69. Progeny from crosses of
      selected WWL and YWL sires to Angus cows had similar feedlot and carcass
      performance. At the end of the study, milk yield and composition were similar for
      mature cows in WWL and YWL.

PMID- 4019337
TI  - Effect of dietary calcium on selenium retention in postweaning swine.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary Se and Ca on Se
      utilization in postweaning swine. Two levels of dietary Se (.3 or 5.0 ppm)
      supplemented as sodium selenite and four levels of total dietary Ca (.50, .80,
      1.10 or 1.40%) in a 20% protein, corn-soybean meal diet were evaluated. Inorganic
      Ca was supplied from dicalcium phosphate and limestone. In Exp. I, 135 pigs
      weaned at 4 wk of age were allotted by sex, litter and weight and fed a basal
      diet for 7 d and then their treatment diets for a 28-d period. Plasma and tissue
      were collected at the end of the trial for Se concentration and glutathione
      peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Dietary Ca had no effect on gain or feed
      measurements but 5.0 ppm Se depressed daily gain slightly. When 5.0 ppm dietary
      Se was fed, there resulted higher liver, kidney, heart and longissimus muscle Se
      concentrations than when .3 ppm was provided, but dietary Ca had no effect on
      tissue Se values within each dietary Se level. Plasma GSH-Px increased when
      higher dietary Se was provided, whereas neither heart nor liver GSH-Px activity
      was affected by dietary Se or Ca level. In Exp. II, a 5-d balance trial was
      conducted with 32 barrows after adjustment to their treatment diet for a 28-d
      period. Selenium retention increased quadratically as dietary Ca increased,
      whereas Ca retention was not affected by dietary Se. These results suggest that
      low dietary Ca levels may reduce total Se retention but not Se metabolism within
      body tissue.

PMID- 4019338
TI  - Effect of dietary phosphorus on selenium retention in postweaning swine.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary Se and P levels
      on Se retention in postweaning swine. A 20% protein corn-soybean meal diet at two
      dietary Se levels (.3 and 5.0 ppm) and four total P levels (.50, .70, .90, 1.10%)
      were fed. Supplemental Se was provided from sodium selenite with inorganic P from
      dicalcium phosphate. In Exp. I, 151 pigs weaned at 4 wk of age were allotted by
      sex, litter and weight and fed their treatment diets for 28 d after a 7-d
      adjustment to a basal diet. Dietary Se level had no effect on performance
      measurements. As dietary P level increased, there was an increase in daily gain,
      feed intake and a decrease in feed to gain ratio. Dietary P resulted in similar
      plasma, longissimus muscle and kidney tissue Se values within each dietary Se
      level, while liver Se declined as dietary P level increased. Dietary P level had
      no effect on plasma, heart or liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. In
      Exp. II, 32 barrows, after being fed their diets for a 28-d period, were placed
      in individual metabolism crates where a balance trial was conducted. Dietary P
      level reduced absolute and percentage Se retention, particularly at dietary P
      levels of .90 and 1.10%. Phosphorus retention was not affected by dietary Se.
      Neither dietary P nor Se level had any effect on N retention. These results
      suggest an effect of dietary P level on Se retention and liver Se, particularly
      at dietary P levels above the pig's P requirement, while the effect is minimal at
      or below the pig's P requirement.

PMID- 4019339
TI  - Changes in plasma concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in beef steers
      fed different levels of propylthiouracil.
AB  - Three Latin-square trials were conducted to determine the effects of feeding the
      thyroid depressant propylthiouracil (PTU) on plasma concentrations of thyroxine
      (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in feedlot steers. In trial 1, four steers were
      fed 0, 1, 2 or 4 mg PTU/kg body weight daily during five 35-d experimental
      periods. In trial 2, eight steers were fed 0, .5, 1 or 2 mg PTU/kg body weight
      daily during five 28-d periods. In trial 3, three steers were fed 0, 1 or 4 mg
      PTU/kg body weight daily during the first 3 d in each of three 28-d periods. In
      general, feeding PTU caused increases in plasma T4 concentrations that peaked 5
      to 7 d after feeding started. Concurrently, T3 concentrations tended to decrease
      when PTU was fed. The effects of PTU on hormone concentrations were apparent
      within approximately 1 to 4 h after PTU feeding started. Furthermore, when PTU
      was not fed, T4 and T3 concentrations appeared to have rhythmic cycles of 90 and
      111 min, respectively, and PTU treatment appeared to interrupt this cyclical
      pattern. After the initial PTU response, the dose response relationship between
      PTU level and plasma hormone concentration was not linear. Both 4 and 2 mg PTU
      appeared to depress both T4 and T3 concentrations, suggesting direct inhibition
      of the thyroid gland and, for the 1-mg PTU treatment, T4 tended to stabilize at
      concentrations significantly greater than for 0 mg PTU, while T3 concentrations
      for 1 mg PTU were slightly lower than for 0 mg PTU.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4019340
TI  - Rumen fermentation characteristics, nitrogen balance and growth in lambs fed
      methane digester effluent.
AB  - A laboratory silo trial, two lamb metabolism trials and a lamb growth trial were
      conducted to compare the nitrogen (N) value of swine methane digester effluent
      (MDE) to that of urea. Using laboratory silos (four/treatment), fermentation
      characteristics were measured for silages containing cracked corn, ground wheat
      straw and MDE added at levels of 0, 4, 8 or 12% of silage dry matter (DM). Lactic
      acid concentration increased linearly with up to 8% MDE addition, but then
      decreased (P less than .05; quadratic) with 12% MDE. Butyric acid was highest (P
      less than .05; linear) with 12% MDE, indicating an undesirable fermentation. In a
      metabolism study, DM, organic matter and N digestibilities and N balance were
      similar (P greater than .10) between urea and MDE, but DM digestibility was lower
      (P less than .05) for ensiled diets (52%) than diets fed fresh daily (59.4%).
      Mean ruminal volatile fatty acid, ruminal ammonia-N and plasma urea-N
      concentrations were similar (P greater than .10) between urea- and MDE-fed lambs.
      Plasma urea-N was higher (P less than .05) and ruminal isovaleric acid lower (P
      less than .05) in animals fed ensiled than fresh diets. In the second metabolism
      trial, digestibility of N was lowest (P less than .05) for MDE (51.2%) and
      highest for soybean meal (SBM; 71.8%), but N balance was similar among all
      diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019341
TI  - Effects of monensin on monovalent ion metabolism and tissue concentrations in
      lambs.
AB  - A study consisting of two trials was conducted to determine the effects of
      monensin on the apparent absorption and retention of sodium (Na) and potassium
      (K) and to examine changes in tissue and ruminal fluid concentrations of these
      minerals in lambs. Eight lambs (39 kg) were used in trial 1 and 10 lambs (37 kg)
      were used in trial 2. Animals were used in randomized block designs, blocked by
      weight, and fed a high concentrate diet with or without 20 mg/kg monensin. Trials
      began with a dietary adjustment period lasting 18 d in trial 1 and 21 d in trial
      2. Animals were then placed in metabolism stalls for a 10-d stall adjustment
      period followed by a 12-d collection period. Collections for mineral balance were
      made during the first 10 d of the collection period. Blood and ruminal fluid
      samples were obtained on d 11 of the collection period. Lambs were slaughtered on
      d 12 of the collection period and tissue samples were collected. Sodium retention
      decreased (P less than .05) 86.2% when monensin was fed. Apparent K absorption
      increased (P less than .05) 16.7%, while K retention increased (P less than .10)
      52.6% when monensin was fed. In lambs fed monensin, ileal Na decreased (P less
      than .10) 13.8%. These results indicate that dietary monensin alters the
      metabolism of Na and K in lambs.

PMID- 4019342
TI  - Effects of monensin on Mg, Ca, P and Zn metabolism and tissue concentrations in
      lambs.
AB  - A study consisting of two trials was conducted to determine the effects of
      monensin on the apparent absorption and retention of magnesium (Mg), phosphorus
      (P), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) and to determine mineral changes in tissue and
      ruminal fluid. Eight lambs (39 kg) were used in trial 1, and 10 lambs (37 kg)
      were used in trial 2. Animals were blocked by weight and fed a high concentrate
      diet with or without 20 mg/kg monensin. Trials began with a dietary adjustment
      period lasting 18 d in trial 1 and 21 d in trial 2. Animals were then placed in
      metabolism stalls for a 10-d stall adjustment period followed by a 12-d
      collection period. Collections to determine mineral balance were made during the
      first 10 d of the collection period. Blood and ruminal fluid samples were taken
      on d 11 of the collection period. Lambs were slaughtered on d 12 of the
      collection period and tissue samples were collected. Monensin supplementation
      increased (P less than .05) Mg retention 42.0%. Urinary Ca excretion decreased (P
      less than .05) 60.0% when monensin was fed. Monensin supplementation decreased (P
      less than .05) liver Ca and bone Ca, 45.5 and 2.9%, respectively. Apparent P
      digestibility increased (P less than .05) 40.0% and P retention increased (P less
      than .10) 26.8% due to monensin supplementation. Both apparent absorption and
      retention of Zn increased (P less than .01) 50.0 and 45.0%, respectively, with
      monensin supplementation. Ruminal fluid Zn concentrations decreased (P less than
      .05) 33.0% with the addition of monensin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019343
TI  - Effect on the ewe and lamb of low zinc intake throughout pregnancy.
AB  - Throughout pregnancy, 30 primiparous Finn cross ewes were given a low Zn (less
      than or equal to 1 ppm) semi-purified diet. A 100-g hay supplement was fed three
      to seven times/week. Supplemental Zn (20 ppm) was provided in the drinking water
      of 14 ewes. At parturition, lambs were removed from ewes before suckling. Viable
      lambs not taken for tissue analysis were given 200 ml cow colostrum and raised on
      an artificial feeder. Throughout gestation, unsupplemented (-Zn) ewes gained less
      weight and had lower plasma Zn levels than Zn-supplemented (+Zn) ewes. One -Zn
      ewe was not pregnant, three aborted, one resorbed, one delivered mummified twins
      at term and two delivered malformed lambs. Average weight of lambs born to -Zn
      ewes d 136 or later (excluding mummified twins and one weighing less than 20% as
      much as its twin) was 1.8 +/- .6 (SE) kg. Only three lambs born to -Zn ewes were
      vigorous enough to put on the artificial feeder; none survived. One +Zn ewe was
      not pregnant. Of 23 lambs born to the remaining +Zn ewes, five were used for
      tissue analysis, two lambs of triplets were born dead, twins born d 138 died at
      birth. One twin died 6 d after birth. The 14 remaining lambs were weaned in good
      health. Average birth weight of +Zn lambs was 3.3 +/- 1.0 kg. Increased
      salivation was seen in -Zn ewes after 6 wk of low Zn intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019344
TI  - Cellular and enzyme-histochemical aspects of adipose tissue development in obese
      (Ossabaw) and lean (crossbred) pig fetuses: an ontogeny study.
AB  - The cellular and enzyme-histochemical differentiation of subcutaneous adipose
      tissue was studied in lean and obese pig fetuses at several ages. Positive
      reactions for a variety of cytosolic and organellar enzyme markers indicate
      metabolic competence of fetal adipocytes despite their small size (12 to 15
      microns). Reactions for several enzymes decreased with fetal age and may be
      associated with a qualitative change in activity of adipocyte organelles. Age
      associated increases in two lipogenic enzymes were observed in obese adipocytes.
      Observations on developing cells around hair follicles in the younger fetuses
      indicated significant temporal lags between the appearance of detectable enzyme
      activities in adipocytes. Enzyme activities in order of appearance were:
      dehydrogenases (cytosolic and mitochondrial), lipoprotein lipase and esterase.
      Esterase activity and several other enzymes were never observed in lipid positive
      cells that were not spherical. A proportion of hair follicle associated
      adipocytes in 110-d-old lean fetuses were histochemically and morphologically
      similar to brown adipocytes in the young rat. There was no evidence for brown
      adipocyte like cells in obese fetuses. Finally, comparison of the enzyme
      histochemical differentiation of lean and obese fetal adipocytes indicates that
      fetal adipocytes become sensitive to external stimuli between 70 and 90 d of
      gestation.

PMID- 4019346
TI  - Enzyme histochemical studies in an ontogeny study of muscle development in
      Ossabaw and decapitated fetuses: cellular reactions.
AB  - Fetuses were decapitated in one uterine horn in each of 14 sows at 45 d of
      gestation. Control (C) and decapitated (D) fetuses were removed by Caesarean
      section from three sows at 65 d of gestation (total of 10 D and 10 C fetuses),
      two sows at 85 d (six D and six C fetuses) and nine sows at 110 d (nine C and
      nine D fetuses) of gestation (Exp. 1). In Exp. 2, four to six fetuses were
      removed from each of two Ossabaw (O) gilts and three crossbred (C, Landrace X
      Yorkshire) gilts at 70 d of gestation, from three C and O gilts at 90 d of
      gestation and from three C and two O gilts at 110 d of gestation. In Exp. 1, one
      semitendinosis muscle was removed for histochemistry, whereas the contralateral
      muscle was removed and weighed. A medial portion of biceps femoris muscle was
      removed and used for histochemistry in Exp. 2. In both experiments, transverse
      sections (cryostat) of muscle were stained for lipid, glycogen (PAS) and the
      following enzymes: acid ATPase, NADH-TR, NADPH-TR, malate dehydrogenase (NAD- and
      NADP-dependent reactions; MDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alpha-glycerol
      phosphate dehydrogenase (with and without NAD; alpha-GPDH), isocitrate
      dehydrogenase (NAD dependent; ICDH), esterase, lipoprotein lipase and lipase. In
      Exp. 1, body and muscle weights of the two groups were not significantly
      different (P greater than .05) at 65 d of gestation, whereas D fetuses were
      smaller and had lighter weight muscles (P less than .05) at 85 d of
      gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019345
TI  - Adipocyte development in primary rat cell cultures, effect of cell density and
      serum source.
AB  - The development of adipocytes was studied in primary cultures of rat adipose
      tissue stromal-vascular cells on collagen-coated glass coverslips. The effects of
      cell density and serum source on lipoprotein lipase (LPL), esterase and lipid
      histochemistry were evaluated. With a mixture of fetal calf serum (FCS; 2%),
      horse serum (2%) and pig serum (PS; 10%), large and loosely arranged clusters of
      adipocytes developed with time through an increase in cell number and size. An
      inverse relationship was observed between cell size and the number of adipocytes
      in a cluster. Lower cell densities were associated with large cells and the
      densest areas contained smaller cells. Unilocular adipocytes were observed by d
      13 after plating and were generally absent from the densest area of the
      coverslips. Histochemically detectable LPL activity was demonstrable before lipid
      deposition in adipocyte clusters. A comparison of FCS (10%) and PS (10%) as the
      only serum sources indicated higher level of adipocyte esterase activity and
      lipid deposition in PS cultures. Cultures of cells from weanling (21 to 28 d old)
      and old (18 mo) rats were similar, whereas cells from younger rats (2 to 4 d old)
      formed denser cultures that contained fewer adipocytes. These adipocytes were
      small (less than 30 micron) and morphologically homogeneous (all multilocular).
      When cells from the very young rats (2 to 4 d old) were plated at low densities,
      an inverse relationship between cell size and number of cells in a cluster was
      also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019347
TI  - A technique for isolation of bovine hepatocytes.
AB  - A technique for preparing viable and functional isolated hepatocytes from cattle
      liver is described. The basic procedure, which was adapted from published methods
      established for laboratory species, employed a two-step in vitro vascular
      perfusion of the caudate lobe: (1) perfusion with a calcium-free buffer
      containing ethylene bis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid (EGTA) for removal of
      blood cells and extracellular calcium and (2) perfusion with calcium-fortified
      buffer containing collagenase for cell dissociation. Hepatocyte suspensions
      prepared from the caudate lobes of 20 cattle possessed a mean viability of 81.3%
      as determined by trypan blue exclusion. Mean yield was 2.2 X 10(7) viable
      hepatocytes/g of liver (wet wt). Viable hepatocytes utilized O2 at a rate 2.82
      times greater than nonviable hepatocytes. Biochemical function of the hepatocyte
      suspensions was assessed by rates of gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation.
      Glucose production from added lactate ranged from .88 to 1.47 mumol X min-1 X g-1
      of liver tissue (dry wt). Both gluconeogenic and fatty acid oxidation rates were
      substantially greater in isolated hepatocytes when compared with liver slices.
      Isolated hepatocyte contained .398 +/- .033 (SE) nmol cytochromes P-450/mg
      microsomal protein and .285 +/- .025 nmol cytochrome bs/mg microsomal protein,
      which was comparable with amounts in liver tissue from the same animals (.568 +/-
      .056 and .298 +/- .033 nmol/mg protein, respectively). No significant decline of
      either cytochrome was detectable for isolated hepatocytes for up to 5.5 h after
      euthanasia. The potential usefulness of isolated bovine hepatocytes in xenobiotic
      metabolism studies is illustrated by the epoxidation of aldrin.

PMID- 4019348
TI  - Toxicity potential of absorbed-retained ethylene oxide residues in culture dishes
      on embryo development in vitro.
AB  - Four hundred eight-cell mouse embryos were cultured in vitro in either
      polystyrene (plastic) dishes (Exp. 1) or watch glasses (Exp. 2) to analyze the
      toxicity potential of absorbed-retained ethylene oxide (EtO). Culture dishes were
      gas-sterilized with Anprolene equipment and allowed to aerate (21 C) for varying
      durations. Post-sterilization EtO residues, as determined by weight measurement,
      were eluted from polystyrene dishes at an exponential rate. After 1 wk of
      aeration, .625 mg EtO was retained/g of polystyrene product. To determine the
      effect of EtO residue on in vitro culture, embryos were collected from
      superovulated donor mice (C57BL/6N), pooled in a modified Dulbecco's phosphate
      buffered saline (PBI) medium and then randomly allotted to dishes subjected to
      various aeration durations. Embryos were cultured in Whitten's medium +3 mg/ml
      bovine serum albumin (BSA) under a humidified 5% CO2 in air atmosphere at 37 C.
      Gross assessments of embryo development were made using standard morphology and
      quality grading systems and a fluorescein diacetate staining assay. In Exp. 1,
      embryo development was retarded at the 8- to 16-cell stage when less than or
      equal to 12 h aeration of polystyrene dishes was permitted. Aeration for 24 and
      36 h resulted in suboptimal embryo development with fewer (P less than .01)
      blastocysts and greater degeneration rates at 48 h of in vitro culture compared
      with the control (manufacturer-packaged dishes, no EtO) and 1-wk aeration
      treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019349
TI  - Teaching between-class generalization of toy play behavior to handicapped
      children.
AB  - In this study, young children with severe and moderate handicaps were taught to
      generalize play responses. A multiple baseline across responses design,
      replicated with four children, was used to assess the effects of generalization
      training within four sets of toys on generalization to untrained toys from four
      other sets. The responses taught were unique for each set of toys. Across the
      four participants, training to generalize within-toy sets resulted in complete
      between-class generalization in 11 sets, partial generalization in 3 sets, and no
      generalization in 2 sets. No generalization occurred to another class of toys
      that differed from the previous sets in that they produced a reaction to the play
      movement (e.g., pianos). Implications for conducting research using strategies
      based on class interrelationships in training contexts are discussed.

PMID- 4019350
TI  - The use of peer monitors to reduce negative interaction during recess.
AB  - The negative interactions of a midly retarded child, Dennis, were reduced in
      three daily recess periods, with the use of a point system. Adult monitors
      initiated the intervention in the morning recess; reductions achieved during
      adult monitoring were maintained in that recess during two subsequent conditions:
      peer monitoring and self-monitoring. Dennis' negative interactions were reduced
      next in the afternoon recess by peer monitors. Again, reductions were maintained
      during a subsequent self-monitoring condition. Finally, during the noon recess,
      Dennis was trained to serve as a peer monitor for Ed, a moderately retarded
      classmate. Dennis' rate of negative interactions quickly decreased following his
      appointment as a peer monitor. The results show that a point system, originally
      designed for adult monitoring, can be adapted without loss of program
      effectiveness for peer monitoring or self-monitoring. The results also suggest
      that classmates who serve as peer monitors may benefit significantly from their
      role. The conditions under which these therapeutic effects occur and the role
      that treatment order effects may play in this process require further
      investigation.

PMID- 4019352
TI  - Evaluation of reinforcer preferences for profoundly handicapped students.
AB  - Five students classified as profoundly/multiply handicapped were trained to use
      microswitches to indicate reinforcer preferences. The students were trained to
      emit a designated motoric response (raise arm or raise head) which in turn
      activated a microswitch. The microswitches were connected to battery-operated
      toys and devices, and served to provide immediate, contingent consequences to the
      students for their motoric responding. The results of the investigation were
      evaluated within a multiple baseline (across students) with alternating
      treatments (potential reinforcers) design. During baseline, the students were
      provided with the switches and devices, but the switches were not connected to
      the devices. During the training conditions, the switches activated the devices.
      Evaluation of the devices was conducted by recording the cumulative frequency and
      duration of the students' responses. When the microswitches activated the devices
      during training, a substantial increase in the duration of motoric responding
      occurred for all students. In addition, some students performed differentially
      across devices, suggesting that they had reinforcer preferences.

PMID- 4019351
TI  - Increasing spontaneous verbal responding in autistic children using a time delay
      procedure.
AB  - One oft-cited problem with teaching speech skills to autistic children is the
      failure of the speech to be spontaneous. That is, the children's speech often
      remains under the control of the verbal behavior of others rather than under the
      control of other nonverbal referents in the environment. We investigated the
      effectiveness of a time delay procedure to increase the spontaneous speech of
      seven autistic children. Initially, the experiment presented a desired object
      (e.g., cookie) and immediately modeled the appropriate response "I want
      (cookie)." Gradually, as the child imitated the vocalization, the experimenter
      increased the time between presentation of the object and the modeled
      vocalization in an attempt to transfer stimulus control of the child's
      vocalization from the experimenter's model to the object. Results indicated that
      all the children learned to request items spontaneously and generalized this
      behavior across settings, people, situations, and to objects which had not been
      taught. These results are discussed in relation to the literature on spontaneous
      speech, prompting, and generalization.

PMID- 4019353
TI  - Teaching selected microcomputer skills to retarded students via picture prompts.
AB  - Five retarded students were taught to use picture prompts to help them access and
      terminate a microcomputer program. Training was provided within a multiple
      baseline format. Posttesting (picture prompts without feedback), and a return to
      baseline were later conducted for both the training program and an untrained
      (generalization) program. The results indicate that the program was successful in
      teaching the microcomputer skills to the students. In addition, all students were
      able to maintain their skills over a 7-day interval in which they did not have
      access to the microcomputer.

PMID- 4019354
TI  - Conditions affecting clonal growth of lymphoma cells in a semisolid matrix.
AB  - This study demonstrated the importance of the methods used in determining the
      lymphoma cell colony stimulating activity of factors derived from lymphoma cells.
      The in vitro colony formation in a semisolid matrix of the AKR mouse lymphoma
      cell line, SL 12, and three cloned derivatives, SL 12.1, SL 12.3, and SL 12.4,
      was studied. We show that the use of soft agar or methylcellulose as a semisolid
      matrix results in colony formation by the lymphoma cells only in the presence of
      serum. The addition of conditioned medium (CM) from lymphoma cells growing in
      serum-free medium does not stimulate colony growth. However, when purified
      agarose is used, colonies grow in a dose-dependent manner in the absence of serum
      and in the presence of CM. These results indicate that the type of semisolid
      matrix used can influence results in studies of this nature. Purified agarose
      provides the best environment when colony formation by lymphoma cells is used to
      measure the presence of growth factors in test-conditioned media.

PMID- 4019355
TI  - Age-dependent metabolic changes in cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - The effects of metabolic poisons on the ATP content of cultured human skin
      fibroblasts at selected in vitro and in vivo ages were studied. Potassium
      cyanide, iodacetamide, and Arsenate were used to inhibit ATP restoration by
      glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Cells treated with these metabolic
      poisons showed an age-dependent change in their ATP content. The decrease in
      cellular ATP content after exposure to these drugs was taken as an estimate of
      ATP turnover. It was found that there was a decrease in the ATP turnover with
      increasing population doubling level (i.e. in vitro age), and cells cultured from
      a 68-yr-old donor had a lower ATP turnover than those cultured from a neonatal
      donor. This decreased ATP turnover correlates with a previous finding of a
      decreased ability of "older" cells to be stimulated to migrate in culture and
      suggests that there is a metabolic component to this age-related functional
      deficiency.

PMID- 4019356
TI  - Analysis of the cytotoxic effects of light-exposed HEPES-containing culture
      medium.
AB  - The addition of N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) to
      RPMI 1640 medium markedly increases the production of cytotoxic products during
      exposure of the medium to visible light. The cytotoxicity has been analyzed by
      measuring uptake of [3H]thymidine by murine thymocytes cultured in preirradiated
      medium containing 25 mM HEPES. Complete inhibition of thymidine uptake was
      produced by exposing 50% of the culture medium to light for 3 h before addition
      of cells. The HEPES-mediated effect requires only that HEPES and riboflavin be
      exposed to light; other medium constituents are not necessary. Hydrogen peroxide
      is a principal cytotoxic agent produced in this system. It is demonstrated that
      most, but not all, of the inhibition of thymidine uptake can be attributed to
      hydrogen peroxide.

PMID- 4019357
TI  - A rapid naphthol yellow S method for measuring the cellular protein content of
      anchorage cultures.
AB  - A rapid method has been developed for measuring the cellular protein content of
      mono- and multilayered anchorage cultures. Fixed or air dried cultures are
      stained for 30 min with 0.2% Naphthol Yellow S (NYS) dissolved in 1% acetic acid.
      Unbound dye is removed by a series of four 2.5 min washes in 1% acetic acid, and
      protein-bound dye extracted with 10 mM unbuffered Tris base for
      spectrophotometric optical density determination at 433 nm. The NYS method
      exhibited a least-squares correlation coefficient of 0.99997 with the Oyama-Eagle
      Lowry method.

PMID- 4019358
TI  - Effects of fructose on human fibroblast metabolism: the application of DNA
      measurements as a basis for interpretation.
AB  - A fluorometric procedure for measuring DNA was used to study growth and metabolic
      responses of eight cell strains of human foreskin fibroblasts. In preliminary
      studies this procedure gave more precise specific activity changes in N-acetyl
      beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) than did a protein activity basis, when changes in
      this enzyme's specific activity were investigated as a function of experimental
      cell manipulation. When fibroblast growth in eight cell strains was compared in
      134 mM D-fructose vs. 13.4 mM glucose-supplemented minimum essential media, a
      significant increase in cellular DNA (50%) and protein (45%) occurred over an 11
      d period. No significant differences in media pH change, lactate production, or
      carbohydrate uptake occurred on a DNA basis when cell metabolism was compared
      over the last 24 h of culture in the two media. Cells grown in fructose
      containing media tended to show a reduction in NAG specific activity when
      compared with those grown in glucose-containing media.

PMID- 4019359
TI  - Syrian hamster lymphocyte cytogenetic technique and effects of blood storage on
      mitotic index.
AB  - The Syrian hamster has a diploid chromosome complement similar to humans in both
      number (2N = 44) and morphology. For comparative mutagenic studies with humans, a
      repeatable lymphocyte chromosome technique involving laboratory mammals is
      desirable. The reported hamster lymphocyte cytogenetic technique appears
      technically uncomplicated and repeatable while providing a sufficient number of
      metaphase cells for quantitative analysis. In order to determine the effects of
      storing whole-blood (in culture media) for varying time periods at 8 degrees C
      prior to adding a mitogen, the mitotic index was calculated following a 48-h
      culture period. Results indicated that storage up to six days can still result in
      a mitotic index adequate for cytogenetic analyses.

PMID- 4019360
TI  - Comparison of liquid chromatographic and bioassay procedures for determining
      depletion of intramuscularly injected tylosin.
AB  - Crossbred pigs weighing 80-110 kg were injected intramuscularly in the ham with
      8.8 mg/kg tylosin. Animals were slaughtered in groups of 3 at intervals of 4 h,
      and 1, 2, 4, and 8 days after injection, and samples of blood, injected muscle,
      uninjected muscle, liver, and kidney were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)
      and by bioassay using Sarcina lutea as the test organism. The LC method was far
      more sensitive with a detection limit of less than 0.1 ppm, while the detection
      limit by bioassay was about 0.5 ppm in tissue. Results by bioassay and LC
      sometimes differed considerably for tissue samples. Residues in all tissues were
      below the tolerance limit of 0.2 ppm at 24 h, except in the injected muscle in
      one animal. Residues were not detected in any tissue of any animal at 48 h after
      treatment.

PMID- 4019361
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of narasin in feed premixes.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed to determine narasin in
      feed premixes. Narasin is extracted from the premix with a methanol-water
      solvent, and the extracted solution is assayed by using LC. Recovery of narasin
      from a 12.5 g/lb premix is quantitative (100%), with a relative standard
      deviation of 1.44%. The results correlated well (coefficient 0.92) with a
      turbimetric bioassay method.

PMID- 4019362
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in gelatin: collaborative
      study.
AB  - Eleven collaborators participated in this study of a gas chromatographic method
      for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in gelatin. Following acid
      hydrolysis of a 2 g sample, PCP is extracted with hexane and partitioned into KOH
      solution. After reacidification, PCP is again extracted with hexane for
      determination by electron capture gas chromatography on a 1% SP-1240DA column.
      Three duplicate practice samples (0.0, 0.5, and 1.5 ppm) and 5 blind duplicate
      collaborative samples (0.0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 ppm) were analyzed by each
      collaborator. Mean recoveries of PCP in the collaborative samples ranged from 88%
      at the 0.02 ppm fortification level to 102% at the 0.1 ppm level; the overall
      mean recovery was 96%. Interlaboratory coefficients of variation ranged from
      16.4% for the 0.1 ppm fortification level to 22.9% for the 0.5 ppm level; the
      overall interlaboratory coefficient of variation was 19.5%. The method has been
      adopted official first action.

PMID- 4019363
TI  - Trace level detection of chlorinated paraffins in biological and environmental
      samples, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with negative-ion chemical
      ionization.
AB  - A method is described for detection of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in biological
      and environmental samples. Sample preparation includes sulfuric acid treatment
      followed by adsorption chromatography on alumina, which yields the CPs in one
      fraction that is almost free of interfering material. Using gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry with negative-ion chemical ionization, the limit
      of detection is 5 ng (corresponding to the lower ppb range). CP levels of 30 ppm,
      200 ppb, and 5 ppb were found in sewage sludge, human fat, and sediment,
      respectively.

PMID- 4019364
TI  - Formulas for calculation of extraction volumes for commonly used pesticide
      residue extraction procedures.
AB  - Formulas are presented for the calculation of extraction volume for pesticide
      residue procedures that use a single extraction with acetone, acetonitrile, or
      methanol, with or without prior dilution of these solvents with water. These
      formulas account for the volume change on mixing and for the volume contribution
      from the soluble sugars sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Results using these
      formulas are in agreement with the observed volumes of such mixtures within 0.3%
      throughout the following ranges, expressed as percent water in the mixtures: 15
      38% for acetone, 4.8-59% for acetonitrile, and 9.3-33% for methanol.

PMID- 4019365
TI  - Radiocarbon 14C differentiation of sparkling and carbonated wines.
AB  - Specific 14C-activities, percent of modern 14C-activity, and calculated percent
      of fermentation CO2 are presented for CO2 contained in commercial sparkling
      wines, labeled as champagne or produced by the bulk (charmat) process. These data
      are given for the production years 1976-1982. The survey encompassed effervescent
      wines produced in Spain, Italy, West Germany, California, and New York. Addition
      of synthetic CO2 to approximately 40 samples represented as sparkling wines was
      indicated by low 14C-activities of CO2 in these wines. Data for 14C-activity were
      also presented for the ethanol distilled from sparkling wines for the years 1977
      1980. In all cases, the 14C-activity of ethanol was appropriate to the year of
      vintage.

PMID- 4019366
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of hypoxanthine content in fish tissue.
AB  - A liquid chromatography (LC) method for determining the hypoxanthine content in
      fish tissues has been developed. Hypoxanthine is extracted with 0.6M perchloric
      acid, and determined by LC on a reverse phase microparticulate column with UV
      absorbance detection. The mobile phase is 0.01M potassium phosphate buffer (pH
      4.5). The percent relative standard deviation for measurements by the recommended
      method was less than 7% with a detection limit of 10 ng. Recoveries of
      hypoxanthine added to various fish tissues were better than 90%. The operational
      errors, interferences, and recoveries for spiked samples have been investigated
      and compare favorably with an established xanthine oxidase enzyme method. The
      described LC method is simple, rapid, and specific for measuring hypoxanthine
      content in various fish tissues. Some post-mortem studies have indicated the
      method may also be used for the determination of adenosine monophosphate, inosine
      monophosphate, and inosine.

PMID- 4019367
TI  - Isotopic composition of carbon in vinegars.
AB  - Measurements of delta 13C and 14C-activity were performed on vinegars from
      various known sources. Natural vinegar can be distinguished from petrochemical
      acetic acid by 14C-analysis: Natural vinegar currently gives values of greater
      than 112% of modern activity; petrochemical acetic acid yields values of 0% of
      modern activity. Apple cider vinegar can be distinguished from corn-derived
      vinegar by delta 13C-analysis: Cider vinegar gives delta 13C-values near -26%;
      corn-derived vinegars yield delta 13C-values near -10%. delta 13C-Analysis also
      can be applied, with some restrictions, to wine vinegars. These techniques are
      applied to a series of retail vinegars.

PMID- 4019368
TI  - Simple, rapid cleanup method for analysis of aflatoxins and comparison with
      various methods.
AB  - A method is described for simple and rapid determination of aflatoxins in corn,
      buckwheat, peanuts, and cheese. Aflatoxins were extracted with chloroform-water
      and were purified by a Florisil column chromatographic procedure. Column eluates
      were concentrated and spotted on a high performance thin layer chromatographic
      (HPTLC) plate, which was then developed in chloroform-acetone (9 + 1) and/or
      ether-methanol-water (94 + 4.5 + 1.5) or chloroform-isopropanol-acetone (85 + 5 +
      10). Each aflatoxin was quantitated by densitometry. The minimum detectable
      aflatoxin concentrations (micrograms/kg) in various test materials were 0.2, B1;
      0.1, B2; 0.2, G1; 0.1, G2; and 0.1, M1. Recoveries of the aflatoxins added to
      corn, peanut, and cheese samples at 10-30 micrograms/kg were greater than 69%
      (aflatoxin G2) and averaged 91%, B1; 89%, B2; 91%, G1; 78%, G2; and 92%, M1. The
      simple method described was compared with the AOAC CB method, AOAC BF method, and
      AOAC milk and cheese method. These methods were applied to corn, peanut, and
      cheese composites spiked with known amounts of aflatoxins, and to naturally
      contaminated buckwheat and cheese. Recoveries were much lower for the BF method
      compared with our simple method and the CB method.

PMID- 4019369
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of intermediates in D&C Yellow No. 7 and D&C
      Yellow No. 8.
AB  - A sensitive, reproducible method that uses liquid chromatography in the reverse
      phase mode has been developed for the determination of phthalic acid, resorcinol,
      and 2-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid in D&C Yellow No. 7 and D&C Yellow No.
      8. The method uses a 10 micron, C-8 column, a 1% acetic acid-methanol gradient,
      and UV absorption detection at 280 nm. Average recoveries of phthalic acid,
      resorcinol, and 2-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid were 100, 98, and 102%,
      respectively, from fluorescein standard (certifiable as D&C Yellow No. 7) spike
      with each compound at levels ranging from 0.13 to 1.3%.

PMID- 4019370
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of 2,4-dinitroaniline and 2-naphthol in D&C
      Orange No. 17.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of the intermediates in D&C Orange
      No. 17 by reverse phase liquid chromatography. The pigment is dissolved in
      boiling dioxane and then precipitated. The filtrate is chromatographed by
      isocratic elution, which is followed by a wash and equilibration. Peak area
      calibrations were linear. At the provisional specification levels, 99% prediction
      limits were 0.200 +/- 0.0012% 2,4-dinitroaniline (2,4-DNA) and 0.200 +/- 0.006% 2
      naphthol. The limits of determination were 0.0023% for 2,4-DNA and 0.013% for 2
      naphthol at the 99.5% confidence level. Recoveries were 98-100% for 2,4-DNA added
      at the 0.005-2% level, and 93-103% for 2-naphthol added at the 0.025-2% level. A
      survey of certified D&C Orange No. 17 samples showed that the lots contained
      higher levels of the intermediates than were determined previously by a cellulose
      column method, in which the pigment is not dissolved.

PMID- 4019371
TI  - Comparison of the Volhard and potentiometric methods for the determination of
      chloride in meat products: collaborative study.
AB  - A collaborative study of the determination of chloride in meat products was
      conducted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to compare
      the ISO 1841 method (Volhard titration) with the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius
      Committee method (potentiometric titration). Five canned luncheon meat products
      containing 0.25-2.0% sodium chloride at 4 different spiking levels were analyzed
      by 11 laboratories. The data were analyzed by ISO statistics (ISO 5725) and by
      AOAC statistics (Youden-Steiner), the major differences being in the rejection of
      outliers and in the statement of precision parameters. Good agreement was found
      between the mean chloride contents of the products as determined by both methods
      and with the added amounts, although statistically significantly higher sodium
      chloride recoveries were obtained with the potentiometric method. The within
      laboratory variability (repeatability) is greater for the Volhard method,
      especially for chloride levels below 1.0%. Therefore it is proposed to set the
      lowest level of determination for the Volhard method at about 1.0% sodium
      chloride. The among-laboratories variability (reproducibility) of the
      potentiometric method was comparable with the results from the collaborative
      studies for chloride in cheese, giving acceptable values for relative standard
      deviations of 1.5-3.0% for meat products with 0.3-2.0% added sodium chloride. It
      is recommended that further work be conducted to reduce or eliminate the
      systematic error present with the potentiometric method as applied to meat and
      meat products.

PMID- 4019372
TI  - Effect of pH on absorbance of azo dye formed by reaction between nitrite and
      sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine in residual nitrite methods for
      foods.
AB  - Current methods used for determining residual nitrite concentration in foods
      involve forming an azo dye that is measured spectrophotometrically. Conventional
      procedures do not specify control of pH for the final colored solution. Because
      many indicator dyes are pH-dependent, absorbance of the azo dye may vary not only
      because of nitrite concentration differences, but also because of pH variation.
      Thus, erroneous results could arise from a standard curve developed at one pH and
      used for a test sample at a different pH. This would cause an inaccurate
      concentration conversion from the standard curve. In this study, absorbances at
      lambda max wavelengths were recorded at 28 pH values (range 1.0-4.5) for each of
      5 nitrite concentrations. A mathematical equation was fitted to these data and
      its plot gives a 3-dimensional response surface showing the relationships between
      pH, nitrite concentration, and absorbance. A modification for the
      spectrophotometric measurement of nitrite is proposed.

PMID- 4019373
TI  - Rapid quantitative method for simultaneous determination of benzoic acid, sorbic
      acid, and four parabens in meat and nonmeat products by liquid chromatography.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the simultaneous determinations of
      benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl parabens (methyl,
      ethyl, propyl, and butyl-p-hydroxybenzoates) in meat and nonmeat products was
      developed. Benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and parabens were extracted from meat and
      nonmeat products with 70% ethanol. After filtration, extracts were analyzed by
      reverse phase liquid chromatography. Homogeneously ground samples of fresh
      sausage and hamburger were fortified with benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and each
      paraben at 5 different concentrations. Average recovery (after discarding
      outliers) for each preservative at all 5 levels was greater than 95% with a
      coefficient of variation less than 5%.

PMID- 4019374
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of barbaloin (aloin) in foods.
AB  - A simple and rapid liquid chromatographic method is described for the
      determination of barbaloin (aloin, 10-D-glucopyranosyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3
      (hydroxymethyl)-9(10H)-anthraceno ne) in foods. Barbaloin is extracted with water
      from foods containing aloe and the extract is cleaned up on a disposable
      cartridge by using methanol-water (55 + 45) as eluant. The eluted barbaloin is
      separated by liquid chromatography on a YMC A-302 column with methanol-water (50
      + 50) mobile phase, and detected at 293 nm. Recoveries of barbaloin added to
      foods at the levels of 0.05 and 0.50 mg/g were 94.4-100%. Assay results for
      commercial food samples indicated that the present method is applicable to a
      variety of foods supplemented with aloe.

PMID- 4019375
TI  - Rapid gas chromatographic determination of ethylene oxide, ethylene chlorohydrin,
      and ethylene glycol residues in rubber catheters.
AB  - Isothermal gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was used to
      determine residual ethylene oxide (EtO), ethylene chlorohydrin, and ethylene
      glycol in soft rubber catheters that had been sterilized with EtO. Catheter
      samples were extracted by shaking with carbon disulfide, and the extract was
      analyzed on a 3% Carbowax 20M on 80-100 mesh Chromosorb 101 column, using
      nitrogen as the carrier gas. Ten replicate injections of a mixed standards
      solution gave coefficients of variation of 1.91, 1.23, and 4.74% for EtO,
      ethylene chlorohydrin, and ethylene glycol, respectively. A linear response was
      obtained with concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 7.9 micrograms EtO, 14.0 to 88.0
      micrograms ethylene chlorohydrin, and 31.0 to 98.5 micrograms ethylene glycol.
      The proposed method detected as little as 0.5, 5.0, and 16.5 ng EtO, ethylene
      chlorohydrin, and ethylene glycol, respectively.

PMID- 4019376
TI  - Vitamin A and vitamin E content of infant formulas produced in the United States.
AB  - Vitamin A (vitamin A palmitate) and vitamin E (alpha-tocopheryl acetate) levels
      were determined in 77 samples of fortified infant formulas manufactured by 4
      firms in the United States from 1981 to 1983 and were compared by formulation
      base (soy, milk) and manufacturing firm. For vitamin A and vitamin E, the mean
      values (IU/100 kcal) were 454 +/- 95 (range 248-614) and 2.0 +/- 0.7 (range 1.1
      5.0), respectively. No significant differences (alpha = 0.05) were found in
      levels (IU/100 kcal) of vitamin A and vitamin E between milk- and soy-based
      formulas. When the mean vitamin A and vitamin E levels of formulas produced by
      the various firms were compared on an IU/100 kcal or percent of label declaration
      basis, significant differences (alpha = 0.05) were found among firms. Mean
      vitamin A levels for the various products compared to label declarations ranged
      from 126% of declared for the ready-to-use formulas to 139% of declared for the
      powders. Mean vitamin E levels ranged from 97% of declared for ready-to-use
      formulas to 118% of declared for concentrates. Except for one sample that
      contained 248 IU vitamin A/100 kcal, the formulas met the requirements of the
      1980 Infant Formula Act.

PMID- 4019377
TI  - Atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of cobalt in foods.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of cobalt in foods. After wet
      digestion, iron in the sample is removed by liquid-liquid extraction, and cobalt
      is isolated and extracted. Final determination is done by flame atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry. Analysis of NBS reference materials by this procedure gives
      results in close agreement with certified values. The limit of quantitation is
      4.3 ng/mL. Recovery studies and analysis of standard materials show that this
      method is reliable.

PMID- 4019378
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of morphine sulfate and some contaminants in
      injections and bulk drug material.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) procedure is described for the assay of morphine
      sulfate in bulk drug material and injection solutions. The bulk drug and
      injection samples are prepared by direct dilution with LC mobile solvent. The
      average bulk drug purity (5 manufacturers) determined by the LC method was 99.9%
      with a difference of 0.1% from the average purity (anhydrous) found by the
      official USP XX procedure. The average LC recovery (19 studies) of morphine
      sulfate added to injection samples was 99.4% with a coefficient of variation (CV)
      of 1.14%. Morphine sulfate content was determined in triplicate for 53 injection
      samples (1-15 mg morphine sulfate/mL) formulated by 6 manufacturers, using the
      proposed LC procedure. Individual sample CV (n = 3) averaged 1.14%. The LC method
      is simple and specific for morphine sulfate. Major degradation products,
      preservatives, and some contaminants and related compounds are separated during
      LC.

PMID- 4019379
TI  - Rapid microchemical identification of four phenothiazine antiemetics with gold
      bromide and iodine-potassium iodide reagents: collaborative study.
AB  - A microchemical method was developed for the rapid identification of 4
      phenothiazine antiemetics. Perphenazine, promethazine, thiethylperazine, and
      triflupromazine were positively identified and differentiated with the aid of a
      gold bromide reagent and an iodine-potassium iodide reagent. Only promethazine
      and triflupromazine yielded microcrystalline derivatives with gold bromide; only
      perphenazine and thiethylperazine reacted with iodine-potassium iodide. For each
      pair of positive reactions, the crystalline products were morphologically
      distinguishable under a microscope. The 2 tests were collaboratively studied by 7
      independent laboratories and found to be simple, rapid, and effective for
      identifying the phenothiazines of interest. The method has been adopted official
      first action.

PMID- 4019380
TI  - Reverse phase liquid chromatographic determination of bisacodyl in dosage forms.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of bisacodyl in enteric-coated
      tablets and suppositories by liquid chromatography (LC). The method will also
      determine the hydrolysis degradation products monoacetylbisacodyl and
      desacetylbisacodyl. The sample is dissolved in 2-propanol, and the extract is
      diluted with the mobile phase and injected into a liquid chromatograph fitted
      with a mu Bondapak C18 column and an ultraviolet detector set at 254 nm. The
      column is eluted with methanol-acetonitrile-0.01M citric acid (25 + 25 + 50). The
      pooled mean recovery value for bisacodyl from commercial enteric-coated tablets
      and suppositories was 99.7% with a pooled coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.72%.
      For content uniformity assays, the CVs were 0.7 and 1.0% for groups of 10
      individual commercial suppositories and tablets, respectively. Differences
      between assay values by the LC and USP XX methods were 0.2% of declared for
      enteric-coated tablets (n = 5) and 1.0% of declared for suppositories (n = 2).
      The LC method can determine as little as 0.015 microgram of the monoacetyl or
      desacetyl degradation product.

PMID- 4019381
TI  - DC polarographic assay of piperazines.
AB  - Piperazine, piperazine salts, and piperazine-containing compounds, e.g.,
      diethylcarbamazine and piperazine theophylline, are determined by direct current
      polarography of the corresponding nitroso-derivative. The nitroso-derivative
      exhibits a well defined cathodic wave at -0.8 V vs SCE. The plot of peak height
      vs concentration is rectilinear between 1.6 X 10(-5) and 19.2 X 10(-5) M.
      Recoveries from bulk drugs were 97.7-101.12% with a standard deviation of 2.14
      3.44. The procedure was successfully applied to analysis of drug content in
      representative dosage forms with good accuracy.

PMID- 4019382
TI  - Quantitation of indomethacin, naproxen, and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical dosage
      forms by first and second derivative ultraviolet spectrometry.
AB  - First and second derivative ultraviolet spectrometric methods are described for
      the estimation of indomethacin, naproxen, and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical dosage
      forms. The proposed methods permit the rapid, precise, and accurate determination
      of indomethacin capsules BP, naproxen capsules, and ibuprofen tablets BP. Matrix
      interference is successfully corrected. The results obtained by first and second
      derivative techniques are in accord with those obtained by the official assay
      method.

PMID- 4019383
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of organic nitrogenous bases in dosage
      forms: a progress report.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed as a general procedure
      for the assay of the salts of organic nitrogenous bases in a variety of dosage
      forms. The method uses a nitrile-bonded reverse phase column, a methanol-0.003M
      ammonium acetate (90 + 10) mobile phase, and photometric detection at 254 nm. The
      sample is dissolved in the mobile phase and an aliquot is injected through a 20
      microL injection loop. Average recovery values for duplicate assays were
      chlorpheniramine maleate injection 97.8%, chlorpheniramine maleate tablets 99.1%,
      cyclizine hydrochloride tablets 100.0%, doxylamine succinate tablets 103.3%,
      mesoridazine besylate tablets 100.4%, pentazocine hydrochloride tablets 103.0%,
      promethazine hydrochloride injection 98.4%, protriptyline hydrochloride tablets
      101.2%, pyrilamine maleate tablets 97.8%, pyrimethamine tablets 100.0%,
      tripelennamine citrate elixir 100.0%, and tripelennamine hydrochloride tablets
      97.2%. Results by this method were in good agreement with those obtained by the
      USP XX method. This study, which is being continued, will be expanded to include
      additional drugs.

PMID- 4019384
TI  - Determination of reserpine in commercial tablets by liquid chromatography with
      fluorescence detection.
AB  - A procedure is presented for the determination of reserpine in commercial tablets
      by liquid chromatography (LC). The sample is extracted with methanol if only
      reserpine is present. If the sample contains other ingredients, CHCI3 is used for
      extraction from aqueous suspension; the CHCI3 is subsequently completely
      evaporated in the presence of methanol. For LC, a normal phase column, methanol
      as the eluting solvent, and a fluorometric detector are used. A recovery study
      indicated that no measurable degradation of reserpine occurs during evaporation
      of the CHCI3 extract. Several commercial tablets containing reserpine alone or in
      combination with other ingredients were analyzed by the proposed method, and the
      results were compared with those obtained by the current official USP methods for
      reserpine.

PMID- 4019385
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of diazepam in tablets: collaborative study.
AB  - A stability indicating liquid chromatographic method for the determination of
      diazepam in tablets was collaboratively studied by 6 laboratories. The method
      uses a C18 reverse phase column, a methanol-water mobile phase, p-tolualdehyde as
      the internal standard, and photometric detection at 254 nm. The collaborators
      were supplied with a synthetic tablet powder and 3 commercial tablet samples. The
      mean recovery of diazepam from the synthetic tablet powder was 100.2%. For all
      samples analyzed, the coefficient of variation was less than 1.5%. The method has
      been adopted official first action.

PMID- 4019386
TI  - Gas chromatographic method for determination of fenitrothion in technical and in
      emulsifiable concentrate and water-dispersible powder formulations: collaborative
      study.
AB  - A variety of column packings and internal standards were evaluated to determine
      the most satisfactory system to use in a gas chromatographic (GC) method for
      analysis of fenitrothion, technical and formulations. Fenitrothion and the most
      closely related isomer, O,O-dimethyl O-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate,
      were resolved on columns packed with OV-210 and with polyphenyl ether, 6-ring
      (PPE-6R). A method based on the separation of fenitrothion on a PPE-6R column
      with fluoranthene as internal standard was selected for use in a limited
      collaborative trial and later for use in a full-scale collaborative trial with 21
      collaborators participating. Each collaborator was furnished matched pairs of
      samples of technical fenitrothion, emulsifiable concentrate, and water
      dispersible powder. The coefficients of variation (CV) for the paired samples
      were 1.02, 1.11, and 1.01, respectively, for technical fenitrothion, emulsifiable
      concentrates, and water-dispersible powders. Data are also presented for an
      alternative method in which compounds are separated on an OV-210 column with
      dibutyl sebacate as the internal standard. The method has been adopted official
      first action.

PMID- 4019387
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of nicarbazin in feed.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of nicarbazin
      (4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide.2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine) in chicken feed.
      Ground feed was extracted with hot dimethylformamide, filtered, and then cleaned
      up on an alumina column. The nicarbazin was eluted from the column with ethanol
      and quantitated using a reverse phase C-18 column, with a methanol-water mobile
      phase and ultraviolet detection at 344 nm. Recoveries at a typical use level of
      100 micrograms/g feed averaged 98% with a standard deviation of 3%. Samples
      fortified at levels as low as 0.1 micrograms/g were analyzed with 92% recovery.
      The detection limit is 1 ng, and the response is linear between 4 and 1000 ng.
      Feed additives in combination with nicarbazin do not interfere with recovery.

PMID- 4019388
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of morantel tartrate in cattle feed.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is proposed for measuring 0.485-0.970%
      morantel tartrate in cattle feeds. The drug is leached from feed, diluted,
      separated from interfering substances on a silica column, and measured in the
      effluent stream by 313 nm spectrophotometric detection. Two potential degradation
      products, i.e., cis-isomer of morantel tartrate and N-(3-methylaminopropyl)-trans
      3-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)acrylamide, and a related anthelmintic, i.e., pyrantel
      tartrate, do not interfere. Average recovery of drug from liquid spiked samples
      and laboratory blends was 98-100% with a maximum coefficient of variation (CV) of
      2.3%. Results for pelleted and crumbled commercial scale feeds ranged from 94 to
      102% of label claim, with a maximum CV of 1.5%.

PMID- 4019389
TI  - Improved cleanup for gas chromatographic determination of propiconazole residues
      in soil, wheat grain, straw, and leaves.
AB  - A simple and sensitive method is described for determination of propiconazole, a
      new type of broad-spectrum systemic fungicide, in soil, wheat grain, straw, and
      leaves. Pesticide residues in or on grain and green plant materials are extracted
      with methanol (or a mixture of methanol and water (4 + 1), for soil), partitioned
      into methylene chloride, and cleaned up on an alumina column for grain and soil
      or an activated charcoal column for green plant materials. The amount of residue
      is quantitatively measured by gas chromatography using an alkali flame ionization
      detector in the nitrogen-sensitive mode. Recoveries from soil, grain, and green
      plant materials fortified at 0.1-5 mg/kg are better than 80%. The practical
      detection limits of this method are 0.01 mg/kg in grain and soil and 0.02 mg/kg
      in green plant materials.

PMID- 4019390
TI  - Improved procedure for determination of acrylonitrile in foods and its
      application to meat.
AB  - The previously described headspace-gas chromatographic procedure for the
      determination of acrylonitrile (AN) in several foods, with N/P selective
      detection, has been modified to include packaged luncheon meats. The loss of AN
      during equilibration at 100 degrees C in meat samples as well as the previously
      described loss in cold pack cheese and peanut butter has been studied. The loss
      of AN could be prevented by the addition of 10% phosphoric acid, which increases
      the acidity of the food-acid-salt slurry to pH 1.2-1.5. This acidification
      permits detection of AN at 2 ppb (5% FSD at 16 X 10(-2) amp/mV) in all foods
      studied. AN was not detected in 10 samples of luncheon meat packaged in AN-based
      plastic which contained up to 2.6 ppm AN.

PMID- 4019391
TI  - Treatment of a patient with chronic bronchial asthma with many bronchoscopies and
      lavages using acetylcysteine: a case report.
AB  - This Case Report is that of a young woman followed for 21 years, whose life was
      saved repeatedly by bronchoscopy and lavage to remove mucous plugs and casts from
      the tracheobronchial tree. In 1982, after again having a respiratory crisis and
      not having a bronchoscopy and lavage, she died. The pathology revealed a
      thickened hyalinized basement membrane and numerous mucous plugs filling the
      larger bronchi and bronchioles.

PMID- 4019392
TI  - Childhood asthma hospitalization rates in Spokane County, Washington: impact of
      volcanic ash air pollution.

PMID- 4019393
TI  - Vegan regimen with reduced medication in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
AB  - Thirty-five patients who had suffered from bronchial asthma for an average of 12
      yr, all receiving long-term medication, 20 including cortisone, were subject to
      therapy with vegan food for 1 yr. In almost all cases, medication was withdrawn
      or drastically reduced. There was a significant decrease in asthma symptoms.
      Twenty-four patients (69%) fulfilled the treatment. Of these, 71% reported
      improvement at 4 months and 92% at 1 yr. There was a significant improvement in a
      number of clinical variables; for example, vital capacity, forced expiratory
      volume at one sec and physical working capacity, as well as a significant change
      in various biochemical indices as haptoglobin, IgM, IgE, cholesterol, and
      triglycerides in blood. Selected patients, with a fear of side-effects of
      medication, who are interested in alternative health care, might get well and
      replace conventional medication with this regimen.

PMID- 4019394
TI  - Re: "Great Expectations" versus immunotherapy.

PMID- 4019395
TI  - Re: Food allergy.

PMID- 4019396
TI  - Decreased theophylline clearance causing toxicity in children during viral
      epidemics.

PMID- 4019397
TI  - Interpretation of bronchodilator response and the prescription of
      bronchodilators: the equivalent of tossing coins?

PMID- 4019398
TI  - Gaonkar's maneuver for treating allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic
      sinusitis.

PMID- 4019399
TI  - Family constellations in relation to asthma.

PMID- 4019400
TI  - The problem of mucus plugging in children with asthma.
AB  - The problem of mucus plugging of the lung was evaluated in 73 asthmatic children
      who had suffered a total of 187 episodes. The condition presented in young
      children, mostly with severe asthma, without any specific precipitating factor
      other than a severe attack of wheezing. Multiple lobe involvement was common, and
      the right lung was most often affected. Bronchoscopy was unnecessary but chest
      physiotherapy was found to be useful in the treatment of this complication of
      asthma.

PMID- 4019401
TI  - [Initial computed tomographic evaluation of multiple injuries. Personal
      experience and review of the literature].

PMID- 4019402
TI  - Computerised tomography in fractures of the acetabulum, does it surpass
      conventional radiography?

PMID- 4019403
TI  - [Traumatic lesions of the thoracic aorta: angiography, a crucial examination].

PMID- 4019404
TI  - [Conventional radiology and thoracic injuries].

PMID- 4019405
TI  - Chance's fracture.

PMID- 4019406
TI  - [Computed tomography of thoraco-abdominal injuries].

PMID- 4019407
TI  - Chemotaxis to aromatic and hydroaromatic acids: comparison of Bradyrhizobium
      japonicum and Rhizobium trifolii.
AB  - Rhizobia are bacteria well known for their ability to fix nitrogen in symbiosis
      with leguminous plants. Members of diverse rhizobial species grow at the expense
      of hydroaromatic and aromatic compounds commonly found in plant cells and plant
      litter. Using a quantitative capillary assay to measure chemotaxis, we tested the
      ability of hydroaromatic acids, selected aromatic acids, and their metabolites to
      serve as chemoattractants for two distantly related rhizobial species,
      Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhizobium trifolii. Slow-growing B. japonicum I-110
      demonstrated positive chemotaxis to shikimate, quinate, protocatechuate, and
      vanillate; threshold concentrations for the compounds were as low as 10(-6) M.
      The dicarboxylic acids succinate and beta-ketoadipate, metabolites in the
      catabolism of many aromatic compounds, were positive chemoattractants with low
      threshold concentrations as well. Taxis to beta-ketoadipate occurred
      constitutively and, of the tested compounds, beta-ketoadipate gave the strongest
      peak response. Taxis to shikimate or quinate was induced by growth on either
      substrate but not by growth on protocatechuate or succinate. In contrast, fast
      growing R. trifolii 2066 was only weakly attracted to quinate and other aromatic
      and dicarboxylic acids that were strong attractants for B. japonicum. The R.
      trifolii strain exhibited positive chemotaxis to shikimate, but the threshold
      concentration of shikimate required to elicit a response (10(-4) M) was 2 orders
      of magnitude higher than that for the B. japonicum strain.

PMID- 4019408
TI  - H2-dependent mixotrophic growth of N2-fixing Azotobacter vinelandii.
AB  - Azotobacter vinelandii can grow with a variety of organic carbon sources and fix
      N2 without the need for added H2. However, due to an active H2-oxidizing system,
      H2-dependent mixotrophic growth in an N-free medium was demonstrated when mannose
      was provided as the carbon source. There was no appreciable growth with either H2
      or mannose alone. Both the growth rate and the cell yield were dependent on the
      concentrations of both substrates, H2 and mannose. Cultures growing
      mixotrophically with H2 and mannose consumed approximately 4.8 mmol of O2 and
      produced 4.6 mmol of CO2 per mmol of mannose consumed. In the absence of H2, less
      CO2 was produced, less O2 was consumed, and cell growth was negligible. The rate
      of acetylene reduction in mixotrophic cultures was comparable to the rate in
      cultures grown in N-free sucrose medium. The rate of [14C]mannose uptake of
      cultures with H2 was greater than with argon, whereas [14C]sucrose uptake was
      unaffected by the addition of H2; therefore, the role of H2 in mixotrophic
      metabolism may be to provide energy for mannose uptake. A. vinelandii is not an
      autotroph, as attempts to grow the organism chemoautotrophically with H2 or to
      detect ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity were unsuccessful.

PMID- 4019409
TI  - Organization and distribution of the cellulosome in Clostridium thermocellum.
AB  - The properties of the cellulosome (the cellulose-binding, multicellulase
      containing protein complex) in Clostridium thermocellum were examined by
      comparing the cellulase systems derived from the wild type and an adherence
      defective mutant. The growth conditions--specifically, growth either on cellulose
      (Avicel) or on cellobiose as insoluble or soluble carbon sources, respectively-
      were found to be critical to the distribution of the cellulosome in the mutant
      system: the cellobiose-grown mutant (in contrast to the wild type) lacked the
      cellulosome on its surface and produced only minor quantities of the
      extracellular cellulosome accompanied by other relatively low-molecular-weight
      cellulases. The polypeptide composition of the respective purified cellulosome
      was dependent on the nature of the carbon source and was similar for both wild
      type and mutant cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed the presence of novel
      polycellulosomal protuberances on the cell surface of the cellobiose-grown wild
      type which were absent in the mutant.

PMID- 4019410
TI  - Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus synthesizes an OmpF-like outer membrane protein during
      both axenic and intraperiplasmic growth.
AB  - Outer membrane preparations of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus grown
      intraperiplasmically on Escherichia coli containing OmpF were prepared by the
      Triton X-100 procedure of Schnaitman (J. Bacteriol. 108:545-552, 1971). They
      contained a protein that migrated to almost the same position as E. coli OmpF in
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and to the same
      position as E. coli OmpF when urea was incorporated into the gel. The mobility of
      this protein increased relative to that of OmpC in urea-containing gels as does
      E. coli OmpF. However, the same protein was also produced during axenic growth
      and during intraperiplasmic growth on prey lacking OmpF. The peptide profile
      generated by partial proteolysis of this protein showed no homology to that
      produced from E. coli OmpF. We conclude that B. bacteriovorus synthesizes an OmpF
      like protein. Previous claims that the bdellovibrio incorporates an intact E.
      coli OmpF are not consistent with these observations.

PMID- 4019411
TI  - Purification and characterization of hydrolytic haloalkane dehalogenase from
      Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10.
AB  - A new enzyme, haloalkane dehalogenase, was isolated from the 1,2-dichloroethane
      utilizing bacterium Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10. The purified enzyme
      catalyzed the hydrolytic dehalogenation of n-halogenated C1 to C4 alkanes,
      including chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated compounds. The highest activity
      was found with 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,3-dichloropropane, and 1,2-dibromoethane.
      The enzyme followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and the Km for 1,2-dichloroethane
      was 1.1 mM. Maximum activity was found at pH 8.2 and 37 degrees C. Thiol reagents
      such as p-chloromercuribenzoate and iodoacetamide rapidly inhibited the enzyme.
      The protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of a molecular weight of
      36,000, and its amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence are given.

PMID- 4019412
TI  - Purification and characterization of glutamate synthase from Azospirillum
      brasilense.
AB  - Growth conditions for Azospirillum brasilense Sp6 were devised for maximal
      expression of glutamate synthase. The enzyme levels were largely affected by the
      type and concentration of the nitrogen source. A 10-fold increase in the
      synthesis of the enzyme was observed at a limiting concentration of ammonia. The
      enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a procedure which was fairly rapid and
      allowed a good recovery of enzyme (30%). Azospirillum glutamate synthase is a
      complex iron-sulfur flavoprotein with a stoichiometry of 1 flavin adenine
      dinucleotide:1 flavin mononucleotide:8 Fe:8 S per protomer with a molecular
      weight of 185,000. The protomer is composed of two dissimilar subunits with
      molecular weights of 135,000 and 50,000. Kinetic parameters were determined. Km
      values for NADPH, 2-oxoglutarate, and L-glutamine were 6.25, 29, and 450 microM,
      respectively. The optimum pH was about 7.5. Complete reduction of the enzyme
      under anaerobic conditions was obtained either by NADPH (in the presence of a
      regenerating system) or dithionite or by photochemical reduction (in the presence
      of EDTA and 5-deazariboflavin). No stable long-wavelength intermediates were
      observed.

PMID- 4019413
TI  - Protoplast water content of bacterial spores determined by buoyant density
      sedimentation.
AB  - Protoplast wet densities (1.315 to 1.400 g/ml), determined by buoyant density
      sedimentation in Metrizamide gradients, were correlated inversely with the
      protoplast water contents (26.4 to 55.0 g of water/100 g of wet protoplast) of
      nine diverse types of pure lysozyme-sensitive dormant bacterial spores. The
      correlation equation provided a precise method for obtaining the protoplast water
      contents of other spore types with small impure samples and indicated that the
      average protoplast dry density was 1.460 g/ml.

PMID- 4019414
TI  - Evidence for two restriction-modification systems in Halobacterium cutirubrum.
AB  - Data from plating experiments indicated that Halobacterium cutirubrum NRC34001
      has at least two separate restriction-modification systems. A spontaneous or
      induced loss of one or both systems resulted in four restriction-modification
      phenotypes. There was a positive correlation between changes in gas vacuolation
      phenotypes and either restriction-modification system.

PMID- 4019415
TI  - Localization of the enantiozymes of 6-hydroxy-nicotine oxidase in Arthrobacter
      oxidans by electron immunochemistry.
AB  - During the course of growth of Arthrobacter oxidans, induction of the
      enantiozymes 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase and 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase
      occurred in the presence of DL-nicotine. Cryoultramicrotomed sections obtained
      from cells grown to stationary phase were gold immunolabeled. The results
      obtained demonstrate that both enzymes are localized in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 4019416
TI  - Different staphylococcal species contain various numbers of penicillin-binding
      proteins ranging from four (Staphylococcus aureus) to only one (Staphylococcus
      hyicus).
AB  - The penicillin-binding proteins of a total of 25 staphylococcal strains belonging
      to five different species were analyzed. All strains of the same species showed
      an identical penicillin-binding protein pattern which clearly differed from that
      of strains of the other species. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus
      intermedius, Staphylococcus simulans, and the dolphin strains were found to
      contain two to four penicillin-binding proteins. Strains of Staphylococcus hyicus
      exhibited only one penicillin-binding protein.

PMID- 4019417
TI  - Glutathione-independent maleylacetoacetate isomerase in gram-positive bacteria.
AB  - Nocardia globerula CL1 produced a glutathione-independent maleylacetoacetate
      isomerase after growth on L-tyrosine. Partial purification of this isomerase
      demonstrated its independence of low-molecular-weight cofactors such as
      glutathione. Similar glutathione-independent maleylacetoacetate isomerases were
      present in three other gram-positive bacteria grown on tyrosine.

PMID- 4019418
TI  - Expression of Rhizobium trifolii early nodulation genes on maize and rice plants.
AB  - An IncQ multicopy vector (pKT230) and an IncP1 low-copy-number vector (pRK290),
      both carrying Rhizobium trifolii root hair curling (Hac) genes, were transferred
      to a Sym plasmid-cured derivative of R. trifolii ANU843. The resulting
      transconjugants were used to inoculate the monocotyledonous plants sorghum,
      maize, rice, and wheat. Transconjugants carrying the Hac genes on the multicopy
      vector caused a root hair curling response on maize and rice plants 14 days after
      inoculation.

PMID- 4019419
TI  - Family history of suicide in affective disorder patients.
AB  - In a consecutive series of 137 affective disorder patients with a family history
      of suicide, bipolar disorder formed the biggest group. Of the 137 patients, 61
      (44.5%) had made a total of 117 attempts at suicide. The patients who had
      attempted suicide, compared with those who had not, had a significantly earlier
      age of onset and longer duration of illness, and more of them were unmarried.

PMID- 4019420
TI  - The discriminate validity of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview.
AB  - The discriminate validity of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview (PDI), a
      criterion-referenced, structured diagnostic instrument, is discussed. Data
      presented indicate that the PDI has an acceptable level of discriminate ability,
      making it a useful screening tool for detecting a variety of well-defined
      psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 4019421
TI  - Treatment responses in primary and secondary melancholia: a preliminary report.
AB  - Ten patients suffering from primary affective illness and melancholia were
      compared to 10 melancholic subjects whose depression was chronologically
      superimposed on a preexisting nonaffective psychiatric disturbance. Both groups
      displayed a satisfactory response to treatment with amitriptyline. Similar
      patterns of improvement were reported in the two groups, and there was a
      concordance of subjective and objective rating methods.

PMID- 4019422
TI  - Depression after minor closed head injury: role of dexamethasone suppression test
      and antidepressants.
AB  - The results of dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and the effectiveness of
      amitriptyline and phenelzine in treating depression with melancholia after minor
      closed head injury in 10 patients were compared to those in 12 control patients
      with primary depression and melancholia. Prevalence of abnormal DST results was
      higher in the control group (91%) than in the closed head injury group (10%).
      Results of the DST corresponded with clinical improvement. Amitriptyline produced
      significant and consistent improvement in all control patients at the end of 4
      weeks of treatment. No patient in the closed head injury group showed significant
      improvement with amitriptyline. The closed head injury patients were treated with
      phenelzine after a 3- to 7-day washout period. No statistical improvement after 4
      weeks of treatment with phenelzine was seen in any of these patients. The DST may
      be useful as an adjunct to the diagnostic and monitoring process in primary
      depression with melancholia. Depression after minor closed head injury did not
      correlate with the DST. Amitriptyline and phenelzine have limited use (if any) in
      depression with melancholia after minor closed head injury.

PMID- 4019423
TI  - Drug abuse among state hospital psychiatric inpatients with particular reference
      to PCP.
AB  - The pattern of alcohol and drug abuse among 78 consecutive newly admitted
      patients to a middle Tennessee state hospital psychiatric ward was examined.
      There was a high prevalence of alcohol, marijuana, hypnotic sedative, and
      stimulant abuse among this patient population within 1 month prior to their
      hospitalization. However, only 1 patient gave a history of PCP abuse and none of
      the 76 plasma samples analyzed by the GCN and GC2-N methods was positive for PCP
      or its common analogues. This study does not support a high prevalence of PCP
      abuse among this group of psychiatric patients.

PMID- 4019424
TI  - Homicidality in a woman with a 47,XXX karyotype.
AB  - The 47,XXX karyotype is a rare sex chromosome anomaly. A female with this
      karyotype is called a triple X or superfemale. This karyotype is usually not
      associated with a characteristic mental or physical phenotype. A 19-year-old
      female who committed homicide and was found to have a 47,XXX karyotype is
      described, and the possible correlation between sex chromosome anomalies and
      psychopathology or criminality is discussed.

PMID- 4019425
TI  - Schizophreniform psychosis associated with chronic industrial toluene exposure:
      case report.
AB  - Toluene is a solvent commonly used in the workplace and, in the last 25 years, it
      has gained notoriety as a substance of abuse. The central nervous system sequelae
      of both occupational and illicit exposure to toluene have been documented, and
      irreversible cerebellar changes have been described. Previous reports of
      psychosis associated with toluene have emphasized its reversibility. We report a
      case of an irreversible schizophreniform psychosis associated with 5 years of
      continuous occupational exposure to toluene.

PMID- 4019426
TI  - Lithium neurotoxicity in patients with degenerative brain disease.

PMID- 4019428
TI  - Anorexia nervosa in a 45-year-old man.

PMID- 4019427
TI  - Androgen-induced hypomania.

PMID- 4019429
TI  - L-phenylalanine.

PMID- 4019430
TI  - Studies on specific intercellular adhesion.

PMID- 4019431
TI  - Long term oscillation in glycolysis.
AB  - To increase the period of glycolytic oscillations in yeast extracts
      (Saccharomyces uvarum), the dependence of the period on pH, on concentrations of
      phosphate and enzymes, and on temperature has been studied. Stable oscillatory
      trans were obtained at a pH value of about 6.5. Increasing the phosphate and
      decreasing the enzyme concentrations as well as decreasing temperature lengthened
      the period. By dilution of the extract with buffer while maintaining the
      metabolite concentrations at their initial level the period could be successively
      prolonged from 20 min to about 6 h.

PMID- 4019432
TI  - The role of albumin in the hepatic transport of bilirubin: studies in mutant
      analbuminemic rats.
AB  - Bilirubin and other cholephilic organic anions are bound to albumin in the
      circulation; their hepatic uptake involves a carrier-mediated process. To
      investigate the possible role of serum albumin in the transhepatic transport of a
      cholephilic ligand, plasma clearance of radioactive bilirubin and its biliary
      excretion as well as its interaction with plasma proteins were compared between
      normal and mutant analbuminemic rats (NAR). With a tracer amount of 3H-labeled
      bilirubin, its plasma clearance and biliary excretion were comparable in both
      animal groups. However, the plasma clearance of a loading dose of the ligand was
      significantly increased and its biliary recovery was low in NAR as compared with
      normal animals. In accord with these findings in vivo, gel permeation
      chromatographic analysis revealed that the bilirubin binding capacity of serum
      proteins was significantly lower in NAR than in control animals. When bilirubin
      was administered to NAR as a mixture with equimolar albumin, its plasma
      disappearance was considerably decreased and its biliary recovery was increased.
      Similar effects were observed when albumin was replaced by an equimolar amount of
      glutathione S-transferases (ligandins). These observations indicate that,
      although ligand-protein interaction in the circulation is important for directing
      bilirubin to the plasma membranes of the hepatocyte, this mechanism is not
      specific for albumin.

PMID- 4019433
TI  - Subterminal hydroxylation of fatty acids by a cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme
      system from a fungus, Fusarium oxysporum.
AB  - The cell-free extract of a cytochrome P-450-producing fungus, Fusarium oxysporum,
      was found to catalyze the hydroxylation of fatty acids. Three product isomers
      were formed from a single fatty acid. The products from lauric acid were
      identified by mass-spectrometry as 9-, 10-, and 11-hydroxydodecanoic acids, and
      those from palmitic acid as 13-, 14-, and 15-hydroxyhexadecanoic acids. The ratio
      of the isomers formed was 50 : 36 : 14 in the case of laurate hydroxylation, and
      37 : 47 : 16 in the case of palmitate. The reaction was dependent on both NADPH
      (or NADH) and molecular oxygen,and was strongly inhibited by carbon monoxide,
      menadione, or the antibody to purified Fusarium P-450. Further, lauric acid
      induced a type I spectral change in purified Fusarium P-450. Further, lauric acid
      induced a type I spectral change in purified Fusarium P-450 with an apparent Kd
      of 0.3 mM. The hydroxylase activity together with cytochrome P-450 could be
      detected in both the soluble and microsome fractions, and the activity was almost
      proportional to the amount of cytochrome P-450 reducible with NADPH. It can be
      concluded from these results that Fusarium P-450 reducible with NADPH. It can be
      concluded from these results that Fusarium P-450 is involved in the (omega-1)-,
      (omega-2)-, and (omega-3)-hydroxylation of fatty acids catalyzed by the cell-free
      extract of the fungus.

PMID- 4019434
TI  - Lipid composition of the plasma membrane isolated from hyperplastic nodules of
      rat liver.
AB  - Hyperplastic nodules and hepatomas were induced in livers of rats fed a diet
      containing 0.05% N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA). The lipid contents, and
      phospholipid and fatty acid compositions were analyzed in plasma membranes (PM's)
      isolated from these tissues and normal rat liver, and the following trends were
      observed. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid-phosphorus (phospholipid
      P) increased in the order: hepatoma less than normal liver less than hyperplastic
      nodules. The molar percentage of plasmalogen to phospholipid-P decreased in the
      order: hepatoma = hyperplastic nodules greater than normal liver. The percentages
      of choline phosphoglycerides (sum of phosphatidylcholine and
      lysophosphatidylcholine) and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (sum of
      phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine) both decreased in the
      order: hepatoma greater than hyperplastic nodules greater than normal liver. On
      the other hand, the percentages of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine both
      increased in the order: hepatoma less than hyperplastic nodules less than normal
      liver. As regards fatty acid composition, the percentages of both 18:1 and 18:2
      decreased in the order: hepatoma greater than hyperplastic nodules greater than
      normal liver. Those of 18:0 and 20:4 increased in the order: hepatoma less than
      hyperplastic nodules less than normal liver. These results suggested that the
      lipid bilayer in PM of hyperplastic nodules has characteristics roughly
      intermediate between those of hepatoma and liver PM's, although the molar ratio
      of cholesterol to phospholipid-P in hyperplastic nodules PM was not intermediate.

PMID- 4019435
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a lectin from the fruit of Clerodendron
      trichotomum.
AB  - An agglutinin of Clerodendron trichotomum fruit (CTA), found to be specific for N
      acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose, was isolated and characterized. The fruit
      extract was decolorized first by passage through a Toyopearl column and a phenyl
      Sepharose column. Then the lectin activity was adsorbed on p-aminophenyl N-acetyl
      alpha-D-galactosaminide- or p-aminophenyl beta-D-galactoside-Sepharose, and
      eluted as a sharp peak with 0.2 M lactose. The purified CTA was found to be
      homogeneous by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel chromatography and
      ultracentrifugal analysis, and was determined to be a glycoprotein homodimer with
      a molecular weight of 56,000 daltons. Hemagglutination-inhibition assay indicated
      that CTA is most specific for N-acetyl-D-galactosaminide with a hydrophobic
      aglycon.

PMID- 4019436
TI  - A novel enzyme producing isoprimeverose from oligoxyloglucans of Aspergillus
      oryzae.
AB  - An enzyme producing isoprimeverose from xyloglucan fragment oligosaccharides has
      been purified to the electrophoretically pure state from a commercial enzyme
      preparation of Aspergillus oryzae (Sanzyme 1000). The purified enzyme showed
      approximately 1,280-fold increase of the specific activity over the original
      preparation. The purified enzyme was shown to be an oligomeric protein consisting
      of two subunits, each of which had a molecular weight of 115,000. The enzyme
      showed the highest activity at pH 5.0 and 60 degrees C, and was stable in the pH
      range from 5 to 7 and at up to 50 degrees C. The isoelectric point of this enzyme
      was pH 3.9. The purified enzyme was highly specific for xyloglucan fragment
      oligosaccharides and split off isoprimeverose units from the non-reducing end of
      the backbone of the substrate.

PMID- 4019437
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids. XVI. Purification and
      general properties of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase from Candida lipolytica.
AB  - 2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase has been purified to homogeneity from Candida
      lipolytica cultivated in the presence of linoleic acid. The native enzyme had a
      molecular weight close to 360,000 as estimated by gel filtration on Sepharose CL
      4B, whereas the subunit molecular weight estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 33,000. The purified 2,4-dienoyl-CoA
      reductase from C. lipolytica gave a single precipitin line with antibodies raised
      against the purified enzyme from C. lipolytica. The general properties of the 2,4
      dienyl-CoA reductase from C. lipolytica were examined. The enzyme had optimal pH
      at 6.5 and was inactivated by heat treatment at 50 degrees C for 10 min. trans
      2,trans-4-Octadienoyl-CoA was the most active substrate of the dienoyl-CoA esters
      examined.

PMID- 4019438
TI  - Assay of fatty acid synthetase by mass fragmentography using [13C]malonyl-CoA.
AB  - A new assay method for fatty acid synthetase using mass fragmentography was
      described. [2-13C]Malonyl-CoA was chemically synthesized from [2-13C]malonic acid
      and used as a substrate. The newly synthesized fatty acids were quantitated with
      a GC-MS instrument after methyl esterification. Monitoring of molecular ions of
      the newly synthesized fatty acids enabled us to determine the absolute amounts
      with heptadecanoic acid as an internal standard. Multiple products (14 : 0, 16 :
      0, and 18 : 0) were measured individually. Using this technique, we obtained
      information about production profiles such as that of chain length against
      incubation temperature and about malonyl-CoA decarboxylation activity in enzyme
      preparations, and we also confirmed the presence of malonyl-CoA decarboxylation
      activity even in purified fatty acid synthetase from guinea pig Harderian gland.
      Compared with the conventional assay methods (spectrophotometric and
      radioisotopic), this method was more reliable and useful.

PMID- 4019439
TI  - Purification and some properties of rabbit liver cytosol thioltransferase.
AB  - Thioltransferase was purified 650-fold from rabbit liver by procedures including
      acid treatment, heat treatment, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, column
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, isoelectric focusing (pH 3.5-10) and gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-75. The final enzyme preparation was almost homogeneous
      in polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis. Only one active peak with an
      apparent molecular weight (Mr) of 13,000 was detected by gel filtration on
      Sephadex G-50 and only a single protein band with a molecular weight of 12,400
      was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Isoelectric focusing revealed only one enzyme species, having an isoelectric
      point (pI) of 5.3. The enzyme has an optimum pH about 3.0 with S-sulfocysteine
      and GSH as substrates. The purified enzyme utilized some disulfides including S
      sulfocysteine, alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin, bovine serum albumin, and insulin as
      substrates in the presence of GSH. The enzyme does not act as a protein :
      disulfide isomerase (the activity of which can be measured in terms of
      reactivation of randomly reoxidized soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor). The enzyme
      activity was inhibited by chloramphenicol, but not by bacitracin. The inhibition
      by chloramphenicol was non-competitive (apparent K1 of 0.5 mM). Thioltransferase
      activity was found in the cytosol of various rabbit tissues.

PMID- 4019440
TI  - Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase from Thermus
      aquaticus YT-1, an extreme thermophile: activation by citrate and modification
      reagents and comparison with Thermus caldophilus GK24 L-lactate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Heat-stable fructose 1,6-bisphosphate-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase [EC
      1.1.1.27] was purified from an extremely thermophilic bacterium, Thermus
      aquaticus YT-1. The amino acid composition and NH2-terminal 34 amino acid
      sequence of the enzyme were determined. Its NH2-terminal sequence shows high
      homology with those of Thermus caldophilus GK24 (82% identity) and some other
      bacterial L-lactate dehydrogenases (44-53% identity), indicating the close
      phylogenic relationship of the two Thermus species. At the same time, the two
      Thermus L-lactate dehydrogenases were found not to be identical not only
      chemically but also kinetically and immunologically. Citrate activated the T.
      aquaticus enzyme in the weak acidic pH region, while fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
      did in both acidic and neutral pH regions. The maximum activity obtained with
      citrate at pH 5.0 was about 2.5 times higher than that in the presence of
      fructose 1,6-bisphosphate at pH 6.7. The enzymes modified with 2,3-butanedione,
      acetic anhydride and diethyl pyrocarbonate in the presence of both NADH and
      oxamate were desensitized to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, and the modified enzymes
      were active even in the absence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. All of the modified
      enzymes examined were still activated by citrate similarly to the native enzyme.
      These results suggest that the mechanism of activation by citrate is different
      from that by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, and that the citrate-binding site is
      different from the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate-binding site.

PMID- 4019441
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of lathosterol 5-desaturase from rat
      liver microsomes.
AB  - The terminal oxidase of the NADH-dependent lathosterol 5-desaturation system was
      solubilized from rat liver microsomes with 2% Triton X-100, and partially
      purified approximately 18-fold with 19% yield after DEAE-cellulose and 6
      aminohexyl-Sepharose column chromatography. The final enzyme preparation was free
      from other electron transfer components and phospholipids in microsomes, and the
      desaturation reaction was reconstituted with the following components: NADH,
      molecular oxygen, phospholipids and three proteins, i.e., NADH-cytochrome b5
      reductase, cytochrome b5 and the terminal oxidase. Omission of one of these
      components led to an almost complete loss of the desaturase activity. Under the
      reconstitution conditions, the desaturase activity was significantly inhibited by
      potassium cyanide but was not affected by -SH reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide
      and dithiothreitol.

PMID- 4019442
TI  - Bioactive gangliosides. IV. Ganglioside GQ1b/Ca2+ dependent protein kinase
      activity exists in the plasma membrane fraction of neuroblastoma cell line, GOTO.
AB  - A ganglioside-stimulated protein phosphorylation system was discovered in plasma
      membrane fractions of human neuroblastoma cells (GOTO). Gangliosides (GQ1b, GT1a,
      GT1b, GD1a, GD1b, GD3, and GM1) could stimulate this system. GQ1b showed the most
      effective stimulation among these gangliosides. The substrate specificity was
      rather broad. Not only some (de novo) proteins of the membranes but also purified
      histones and tubulin were phosphate-acceptable. This protein phosphorylation
      system specifically depended upon Ca2+ (optimum concentration: 50-100 microM).
      The optimum pH was 7.0-7.5. GQ1b/Ca2+ could not directly activate well known
      protein kinases (Ca2+/phospholipid-activated protein kinase, Ca2+/calmodulin
      activated protein kinase, and cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases).
      Furthermore, GQ1b could replace neither phospholipids nor calmodulin. Thus, an
      unknown, new type of protein kinase(s) may be involved in this system.
      Alternatively, GQ1b may activate some known protein kinase(s) in cooperation with
      another unknown factor which may be removed during the preparation of the
      partially purified known protein kinase used in this experiment.

PMID- 4019443
TI  - Structural studies on the carbohydrate moieties of rat liver cathepsins B and H.
AB  - Cathepsins B and H from rat liver contain one asparagine-linked sugar chain in
      each molecule. The sugar chains were liberated from the polypeptide portions by
      hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and NaB3H4 reduction. Paper
      electrophoresis of the radioactive oligosaccharide fractions revealed that they
      were mixtures of neutral oligosaccharides only. After fractionation by gel
      filtration the structure of each oligosaccharide was studied by sequential
      exoglycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis. The sugar
      chain of cathepsin H was a high mannose type oligosaccharide which varied in size
      from 5 to 9 mannose residues; on the other hand the major oligosaccharide of
      cathepsin B was a tetrasaccharide whose structure was Manalpha 1----6Manbeta 1---
      4GlcNAcbeta 1----4GlcNAc.

PMID- 4019444
TI  - Cell cycle-dependent regulation of eukaryotic DNA methylase level.
AB  - DNA methylase activity in the nuclei of somatic cells arrested at G0 increased
      markedly when the cells were subjected to a mitogenic stimulus. Treatment of
      mouse splenocytes with Concanavalin A resulted in about 20-fold increase in
      methylase activity within 20 h starting 12-15 h after Concanavalin A addition.
      The methylase level in rat liver was elevated approximately 3-fold at about 20-h
      posthepatectomy. A detailed time course of the increase in methylase activity
      with respect to the cell cycle revealed that the onset of this event coincided
      with the entry of the cells into S phase. In both systems, the extent of
      methylation in CpG sequences is not altered significantly even under conditions
      of active DNA synthesis which is induced by the mitogenic effect. These results
      suggest that the cell responds to the mitogenic stimulus by adjusting the DNA
      methylase activity to enable conservation of the methylation level in DNA.

PMID- 4019445
TI  - Decreased estrogenic stimulation of RNA polymerase II in aged rat uteri is
      apparently due to reduced nuclear binding of receptor-estradiol complexes.
AB  - The maximum ability of receptor-estradiol complexes to activate RNA polymerase II
      and bind to nuclear acceptor sites is reduced 40-50% in senescent rat uteri. A
      precise, linear stoichiometric relationship exists between acceptor site
      occupancy and polymerase activity, and this relationship is not altered with
      aging. Thus, reduced ability of estrogen to stimulate RNA polymerase II in aged
      rat uteri appears to be due to deficits in binding of receptor-estradiol
      complexes to nuclear acceptor sites.

PMID- 4019446
TI  - Effects of trifluoperazine on calcium binding by calmodulin. A microcalorimetric
      study.
AB  - Microcalorimetric titrations of calmodulin with Ca2+ and trifluoperazine (TFP) at
      various molar ratios have been carried out at 25 degrees C and at pH 7.0. Ca2+
      binding to calmodulin produces heat (-delta H) in the presence of TFP, while heat
      is absorbed in the absence of TFP. The total heat produced by Ca2+ binding to all
      four sites is increased at increasing TFP-to-calmodulin ratios, attaining a
      plateau at about 7. These results indicate that at the higher ratios, the
      enthalpy changes (delta H) associated with Ca2+ binding are affected by TFP
      molecules bound at both high- and low-affinity sites. In addition, the Ca2+
      binding reaction of the calmodulin-TFP complex is driven solely by a favorable
      enthalpy change of -27 kJ/mol of site; the entropy change (delta S) is -35
      J/mol/K. These thermodynamic changes are opposite to those for TFP-free
      calmodulin and distinctly different from other Ca2+ binding proteins such as
      skeletal and cardiac troponin C and parvalbumin, where the reaction is driven by
      favorable changes of entropy as well as enthalpy.

PMID- 4019447
TI  - Interconversion of androgen receptor forms by divalent cations and 8 S androgen
      receptor-promoting factor. Effects of Zn2+, Cd2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+.
AB  - The effects of divalent cations (Zn2+, Cd2+, Ca2+, Mg2+) on the cytosol androgen
      receptor were determined by sedimentation into sucrose gradients. At low ionic
      strength (25 mM KCl, 50 mM Tris, pH 7.4), Zn2+ (200 microM total, which
      calculates to 130 nM free Zn2+ in 10 mM mercaptoethanol) causes a shift in the
      sedimentation coefficient of the rat Dunning prostate tumor (R3327H) cytosol
      receptor and rat ventral prostate cytosol receptor from 7.5 +/- 0.3 S to 8.6 +/-
      0.3 S. Zn2+ stabilizes the 8.6 S receptor form in salt concentrations up to 0.15
      M KCl in 50 mM Tris, pH 7.2. In low ionic strength gradients containing Ca2+
      (greater than or equal to 200 microM) or Mg2+ (greater than or equal to 1 mM),
      the receptor sediments as 4.7 +/- 0.3 S. The dissociating effects of Ca2+ and
      Mg2+ can be fully reversed by sedimentation into gradients containing Zn2+ (200
      microM total) or Cd2+ (10 microM total). In the presence of Zn2+ (200 microM
      total), Ca2+ (10 microM to 3 mM) converts the receptor to an intermediate form
      with sedimentation coefficient 6.2 +/- 0.2 S, Stokes radius 73 A, and apparent Mr
      approximately 203,000. The potentiating effect of Zn2+ on formation of the 8.6 S
      receptor (in the absence of Ca2+) and the 6.2 S receptor (in the presence of
      Ca2+) requires both the 4.5 S receptor and the 8 S androgen receptor-promoting
      factor. Sodium molybdate stabilizes the untransformed cytosol receptor but,
      unlike Zn2+, does not promote reconstitution of the 8.6 S receptor from its
      partially purified components. These results indicate that divalent cations alter
      the molecular size of the androgen receptor in vitro and thus may have a role in
      altering the state of transformation of the receptor.

PMID- 4019448
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the Anthopleura xanthogrammica heart stimulant,
      anthopleurin-B.
AB  - Anthopleurin-B, the most potent peptide heart stimulant from the sea anemone
      Anthopleura xanthogrammica, was shown to exist as a single polypeptide chain
      consisting of 49 amino acid residues. The sequence of the peptide was shown to
      be: Gly-Val-Pro-Cys-Leu-Cys-Asp-Ser-Asp-Gly- Pro-Arg-Pro-Arg-Gly-Asn-Thr-Leu-Ser
      Gly-Ile-Leu-Trp-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Ser- Gly-Cys-Pro-Ser-Gly-Trp-His-Asn-Cys-Lys-Ala-His
      Gly-Pro-Asn-Ile-Gly- Trp-Cys-Cys-Lys-Lys. The carboxymethylcysteine derivative,
      tryptic and chymotryptic peptides (obtained from the derivative and separated by
      high performance liquid chromatography) were sequenced by manual Edman
      degradation. Although six carboxymethylcysteine residues were formed by reduction
      and alkylation of the polypeptide, no cysteine residues were detectable in the
      native protein, indicating that there are three cystine residues in anthopleurin
      B. The amino acid sequence differs in 7 places from anthopleurin-A: at residues 3
      (Pro for Ser), 12 (Arg for Ser), 13 (Pro for Val), 21 (Ile for Thr), 24 (Phe for
      Leu), 42 (Asn for Thr), and 49 (Lys for Gln). These differences are important
      since anthopleurin-B is about a 12.5-fold better heart stimulant than
      anthopleurin-A from A. xanthogrammica, anthopleurin-C from Anthopleura
      elegantissima, and toxin II from Anemonia sulcata.

PMID- 4019449
TI  - Independence of the domains of metallothionein in metal binding.
AB  - Mammalian metallothionein is a low molecular weight protein with two metal
      binding domains. To determine if metal binding in one domain affects binding in
      the other, we prepared peptides corresponding to the regions that enfold the two
      metal-thiolate clusters. Metal reconstitution studies of these peptides revealed
      stoichiometries of metal binding similar to those observed within the intact
      molecule. Thus, the alpha domain coordinates 4 Cd(II), 6 Cu(I), or 6 Ag(I) ions
      regardless of whether the domain is part of the total protein or is studied as a
      separate peptide. Likewise, the beta domain binds 3 Cd(II), 6 Cu(I), or 6 Ag(I)
      ions in both the intact protein and as a separate peptide. If cluster B in intact
      metallothionein is preformed with Cu(I) or Ag(I), cluster A saturates with either
      4 mol eq of Cd(II) or 6 mol eq of Ag(I). Similarly, preformation of the A cluster
      with Cd(II) does not affect the binding of 6 Cu(I) ions in the B cluster.
      Therefore, the metal-dependent folding of the protein to create one cluster
      occurs independent of constraints or influences from the other domain. Formation
      of the protein with a tetrahedrally coordinated metal in one cluster and a
      trigonally coordinated metal in the other center is possible.

PMID- 4019450
TI  - The obligatory intermediacy of 16,17 alpha- and 16,17 beta-epoxides in the
      biotransformation of androsta-5,16-dien-3 beta-ol to androst-5-ene-3 beta, 16
      alpha, 17 beta- and -3 beta, 16 beta, 17 alpha-triols by male rat liver
      microsomes.
AB  - The C16-double bond of the biolefinic steroid, androsta-5,16-dien-3 beta-ol
      (delta 16-ANDO), was regioselectively oxidized by male rat liver microsomes in
      the presence of NADPH and EDTA to 16 alpha, 17 alpha-epoxyandrost-5-en-3 beta-ol
      (delta 16-ANDO 16,17 alpha-epoxide), 16 beta,-17 beta-epoxyandrost-5-en-3 beta-ol
      (delta 16-ANDO 16,17 beta-epoxide), androst-5-ene-3 beta, 16 alpha, 17 beta-triol
      (delta 16-ANDO 16 alpha, 17 beta-glycol), and androst-5-ene-3 beta, 16 beta, 17
      alpha-triol (delta 16-ANDO 16 beta, 17 alpha-glycol). The microsomes hydrolyzed
      delta 16-ANDO 16,17 alpha-epoxide specifically to the 16 beta, 17 alpha-glycol
      and delta 16-ANDO 16,17 beta-epoxide to the 16 beta, 17 alpha-glycol and the 16
      alpha, 17 beta-glycol in an equal ratio. delta 16-ANDO 16,17 alpha-epoxide was
      much more susceptible to microsomal hydrolysis than the 16,17 beta-epoxide. The
      xenobiotic epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, 3,3,3-trichloropropene 1,2-oxide,
      potently inhibited microsomal hydrolysis of delta 16-ANDO 16,17-epoxides as well
      as of benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-epoxide and styrene 7,8-epoxide. Addition of 3,3,3
      trichloropropene 1,2-oxide accumulated the 16,17-epoxides formed from delta 16
      ANDO in the reaction medium with concomitant decrease in the amounts of the 16,17
      glycols formed, leading to a conclusion that the 16,17-epoxides played a role as
      obligatory intermediates in the microsomal delta 16-oxidation of delta 16-ANDO to
      the 16,17-glycols. Epoxidation of delta 16-ANDO was stereoselectively mediated by
      a cytochrome P-450 with quite unique properties to form the 16,17 alpha-epoxide
      as the major oxidation product and the 16,17 beta-epoxide as the minor. The
      epoxidation was strongly inhibited with CO, activated with 2-diethylaminoethyl
      2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride more than twice as much, and little affected
      with metyrapone and 7,8-benzoflavone. A pretreatment of the animals with 3
      methylcholanthrene induced the delta 16-ANDO-epoxidizing activity of their
      microsomes 1.5 times higher than those from the control animals. However, a
      pretreatment with phenobarbital reduced the enzyme activity to one-half of the
      control microsomes. Under the same conditions, microsomal activities of
      hydroxylation of benzo[a]pyrene and N-demethylation of benzphetamine were
      significantly induced by the pretreatments with 3-methylcholanthrene and
      phenobarbital, respectively.

PMID- 4019451
TI  - A resonance Raman study of ligand binding geometry in Glycera dibranchiata
      carbonmonoxyhemoglobin.
AB  - Using 12CO and 13CO liganded protein and 406 nm laser excitation, multiple
      stretching (upsilon(Fe-CO), upsilon(C-O)) and bending (delta(Fe-C-O)) modes have
      been identified in the resonance Raman spectra of monomeric and polymeric Glycera
      hemoglobins. While the monomer fraction Glycera dibranchiata hemoglobin has
      upsilon(Fe-CO) = 496 cm-1, two distinct upsilon(Fe-CO) modes are found at 498 cm
      1 and 520 cm-1 for the polymeric protein fraction. Data for upsilon(Fe-CO) and
      upsilon(C-O) were employed in an isolated three-body oscillator calculation to
      obtain approximate values for the Fe-C-O bond angle of 175 +/- 5 degrees for one
      polymeric component and 160 +/- 5 degrees for both the monomer and the second
      identifiable polymeric component. The differences in ligand binding geometry
      between the Glycera hemoglobins and other hemeproteins can be used to rationalize
      the relatively high values of on and off rates exhibited by the Glycera
      hemoglobins.

PMID- 4019452
TI  - Quantitative estimation of the pathways followed in the conversion to glycogen of
      glucose administered to the fasted rat.
AB  - When [6-3H,6-14C]glucose was given in glucose loads to fasted rats, the average
      3H/14C ratios in the glycogens deposited in their livers, relative to that in the
      glucoses administered, were 0.85 and 0.88. When [3-3H,3-14C]lactate was given in
      trace quantity along with unlabeled glucose loads, the average 3H/14C ratio in
      the glycogens deposited was 0.08. This indicates that a major fraction of the
      carbons of the glucose loads was converted to liver glycogen without first being
      converted to lactate. When [3-3H,6-14C]glucose was given in glucose loads, the
      3H/14C ratios in the glycogens deposited averaged 0.44. This indicates that a
      significant amount of H bound to carbon 3, but not carbon 6, of glucose is
      removed within liver in the conversion of the carbons of the glucose to glycogen.
      This can occur in the pentose cycle and by cycling of glucose-6-P via triose
      phosphates: glucose----glucose-6-P----triose phosphates----glucose-6-P---
      glycogen. The contributions of these pathways were estimated by giving glucose
      loads labeled with [1-14C]glucose, [2-14C]glucose, [5-14C]glucose, and [6
      14C]glucose and degrading the glucoses obtained by hydrolyzing the glycogens that
      deposited. Only a few per cent of the glucose carbons deposited in glycogen were
      deposited in liver via glucose-6-P conversion to triose phosphates. Between 4 and
      9% of the glucose utilized by the liver was utilized in the pentose cycle. While
      these are relatively small percentages, since three NADP3H molecules are formed
      from each molecule of [3-3H]glucose-6-P utilized in the cycle, a major portion of
      the difference between the ratios obtained with [3-3H]glucose and with [6
      3H]glucose is attributable to metabolism in the pentose cycle. Because 3H of [3
      3H]glucose is extensively removed during the conversion of the glucose to
      glycogen within liver the extent of incorporation of the 3H into liver glycogen
      is not the measure of glucose's metabolism in other tissues before its carbons
      are deposited in liver glycogen. The distributions of 14C from the 14C-labeled
      glucoses into the carbons of the liver glycogens mean that at a minimum about 30%
      of the carbons of the glucose deposited in the glycogen were first converted to
      lactate or its metabolic equivalent.

PMID- 4019453
TI  - Analysis of ligand binding to receptors by competition kinetics. Application to
      muscarinic antagonists in rat brain cortex.
AB  - We propose a method for obtaining kinetic parameters of unlabeled ligands which
      is based on analyzing the effect of their competition on the binding kinetics of
      a labeled ligand. In this method (competition kinetics), the binding kinetics of
      a labeled ligand are measured in the absence and in the presence of given
      concentrations of a competing unlabeled ligand. The rate equations appropriate to
      the particular kinetic model may be solved employing linear homogeneous
      differential equations. The rate constants appearing in the final integrated
      expressions can be evaluated by nonlinear regression. We have demonstrated the
      validity and applicability of the method to study receptor systems, using the
      muscarinic receptors in rat brain cortex as an experimental system. We have
      determined the various kinetic parameters of two muscarinic antagonists (N-methyl
      4-[3H]piperidyl benzilate and (-)-N-[3H]methylscopolamine) by following directly
      their binding kinetics. These parameters were compared with those obtained for
      the same unlabeled ligands in homogeneous and heterogeneous competition studies.
      In all cases, the parameters obtained by the competition kinetics method were
      close to those extracted from direct binding kinetics, and in cases where both
      types of studies were performed on the same preparations, the parameters obtained
      by the two methods were essentially identical.

PMID- 4019454
TI  - Rate constants of agonist binding to muscarinic receptors in rat brain medulla.
      Evaluation by competition kinetics.
AB  - The method of competition kinetics, which measures the binding kinetics of an
      unlabeled ligand through its effect on the binding kinetics of a labeled ligand,
      was employed to investigate the kinetics of muscarinic agonist binding to rat
      brain medulla pons homogenates. The agonists studied were acetylcholine,
      carbamylcholine, and oxotremorine, with N-methyl-4-[3H]piperidyl benzilate
      employed as the radiolabeled ligand. Our results suggested that the binding of
      muscarinic agonists to the high affinity sites is characterized by dissociation
      rate constants higher by 2 orders of magnitude than those of antagonists, with
      rather similar association rate constants. In contrast, the major differences
      between the kinetic binding parameters of agonists and antagonists to the low
      affinity agonist binding sites are in the association rate constants, which were
      2-5 orders of magnitude lower for agonists. This demonstrates that there are
      basic differences in the interactions of agonists with the low and high affinity
      sites. Our findings also suggest that isomerization of the muscarinic receptors
      following ligand binding is significant in the case of antagonists, but not of
      agonists. Moreover, it is demonstrated that in the medulla pons preparation,
      agonist-induced interconversion between high and low affinity bindings sites does
      not occur to an appreciable extent.

PMID- 4019455
TI  - Cytochrome P-450scc-adrenodoxin interactions. Ionic effects on binding, and
      regulation of cytochrome reduction by bound steroid substrates.
AB  - The binding of adrenodoxin to cytochrome P-450scc and the intracomplex electron
      transfer from the iron-sulfur center to the heme have been studied. Salt
      sensitivity of the protein complex suggests the participation of electrostatic
      forces, as is also seen for the complex of adrenodoxin with NADPH-adrenodoxin
      reductase. Differences in ion specificities for the complexes of adrenodoxin with
      the other two proteins suggest some differences in binding requirements.
      Insensitivity of the heme reduction to solution conditions (salt, detergent) and
      kinetic analysis indicate that the protein complex is formed rapidly and that
      intracomplex electron transfer then occurs more slowly. Factors governing the
      rate of this electron transfer were investigated; binding of a series of
      cholesterol derivatives was used to perturb the spin state, midpoint potential,
      and reduction rate of the heme, and thus to test for relationships among these
      parameters. A linear free energy relationship between the substrate-induced
      midpoint potential and reduction rate is seen, but none of the other parameters
      (including the strength of substrate binding) are correlated. Data indicate that
      factors other than spin state (i.e. steric requirements and bonding groups within
      the steroid-binding site) regulate the strength of steroid binding. The bound
      steroid then modulates both midpoint potential/reduction rate and spin state but
      by independent mechanisms.

PMID- 4019456
TI  - Requirements for the translocation of diphtheria toxin fragment A across lipid
      membranes.
AB  - The translocation of the enzymatic moiety of diphtheria toxin, fragment A, across
      the membranes of pure lipid vesicles was demonstrated. A new assay, which
      employed vesicles made to contain radiolabeled NAD and elongation factor-2, was
      used to measure the appearance of the enzymatic activity of the A fragment in the
      vesicles. When the vesicles were exposed to a low-pH medium in the presence of
      diphtheria toxin, small molecules, such as NAD, escaped into the extravesicular
      medium, whereas large molecules mostly remained inside the vesicles. The vesicle
      entrapped elongation factor-2 became ADP-ribosylated, indicating the entry of
      fragment A into the vesicle. The translocation of the A fragment depended upon
      the pH of the medium, being negligible at pH greater than 7.0 and maximal at pH
      4.5. The entire toxin molecule was needed for function; neither the A fragment
      nor the B fragment alone was able to translocate itself across and react with the
      sequestered substrates. After exposure of the toxin to low pH, the entry of the A
      fragment was rapid, being virtually complete within 2-3 min at pH 5.5, and within
      1 min at pH 4.7. Translocation occurred in the absence of any protein in the
      vesicle membrane. These results are consistent with the notion that the
      diphtheria toxin molecule enters the cytoplasm of a cell by escaping from an
      acidic compartment such as an endocytic vesicle.

PMID- 4019457
TI  - Sialylation of glycoprotein oligosaccharides with N-acetyl-, N-glycolyl-, and N-O
      diacetylneuraminic acids.
AB  - Four common sialic acids (Sia), NeuAc, N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (NeuGc), 4-O
      acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (4-O-Ac-NeuAc), and 9-O-Ac-NeuAc were examined for
      activation to their corresponding CMP-sialic acid conjugates and subsequently for
      their transfer to glycoprotein oligosaccharides by purified mammalian
      sialyltransferases. CMP-sialic acid synthetases from calf brain and from bovine
      and equine submaxillary glands were found to convert NeuAc, NeuGc, and 9-O-Ac
      NeuAc to their corresponding CMP-sailic acids. In contrast, no conversion of 4-O
      Ac-NeuAc to CMP-4-O-Ac-NeuAc was observed for any of the three synthetases
      examined. A new procedure for the preparation of CMP-9-O-Ac-NeuAc, CMP-NeuGc, and
      CMP-NeuAc in high yield and purity was developed, using the calf brain CMP-sialic
      acid synthetase. Each of these derivatives was tested as donor substrates for six
      mammalian sialyltransferases purified from porcine, rat, and bovine tissues,
      including a bovine GalNAc alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase whose purification is
      described in this report. The sialyltransferases examined represent those which
      form the Sia alpha 2,6Gal beta 1,4-GlcNAc-, Sia alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,3(4)GlcNAc-,
      Sia alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,3-GalNAc- and Sia alpha 2,6GalNAc- sequences found on N
      linked and O-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. CMP-NeuAc and CMP-NeuGc
      were equally good donor substrates for all six sialyltransferases. However,
      transfer of 9-O-Ac-NeuAc from CMP-9-O-Ac-NeuAc varied from only 10% to nearly 70%
      that of the transfer of NeuAc from CMP-NeuAc. Results are viewed to define the
      relative roles of direct transfer of these sialic acids and modification of
      glycosidically bound NeuAc in glycoproteins.

PMID- 4019458
TI  - Purification and characterization of an O-acetylsialic acid-specific lectin from
      a marine crab Cancer antennarius.
AB  - A sialic acid-binding lectin with high specificity for 9-O-acetyl- and 4-O
      acetylsialic acids was purified from the hemolymph of the California coastal
      crab, Cancer antennarius, by affinity chromatography using bovine submaxillary
      mucin coupled to agarose. The binding specificity of the crab lectin
      distinguishes it from other known sialic acid-specific lectins from Limulus
      polyphemus and Limax flavus which show a broader range of specificity for sialic
      acids. The purified lectin is homogenous on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      electropherograms with a subunit molecular weight of about 36 kDa. The
      specificity of the lectin for O-acetylsialic acids appears to account for the
      fact that it agglutinates mouse, rat, rabbit, and horse erythrocytes, which
      contain O-acetylsialic acids on cell surface glycoconjugates, but not human
      monkey, sheep, goat, and chicken erythrocytes which contain only NeuAc or N
      glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). This conclusion was supported by the potent
      inhibition of hemagglutination by bovine and equine submaxillary mucins which
      contain 9(7,8)-O-acetyl- and 4-O-acetylsialic acids, respectively, and also by
      free 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (9-O-Ac-NeuAc) and 4-O-Ac-NeuAc relative
      to NeuAc and NeuGc. Further support for the role of O-Ac-sialic acids in
      hemagglutination of erythrocytes was obtained by enzymatic modification of human
      erythrocytes. Sialidase-treated erythrocytes were resialylated with purified
      sialyltransferases and various CMP-sialic acid donor substrates to contain NeuAc
      or NeuGc or 9-O-Ac-NeuAc in the Sia alpha 2,3Gal or Sia alpha 2,6Gal linkages.
      Cells resialylated to contain NeuAc or NeuGc were not agglutinated, but cells
      resialylated to contain 9-O-Ac-NeuAc were agglutinated with high titer,
      comparable to that of mice or horse erythrocytes.

PMID- 4019459
TI  - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for rat peroxisomal enoyl
      CoA: hydratase-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme.
AB  - For the studies on the mechanism of induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation
      enzymes and biogenesis of the organelle, we have isolated cDNA clones for rat
      peroxisomal enoyl-CoA: hydratase-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase bifunctional
      enzyme. On blotting experiments with liver RNA, the cDNAs hybridized to a 3.0
      kilobase RNA which was increased 5-7-fold by the administration of di-(2
      ethylhexyl)phthalate to rats. Nucleotide sequencing was carried out for four
      cloned cDNAs and one obtained by a primer extension method. By overlapping these
      sequences with each other, we identified 20 nucleotides of 5'-noncoding, 2,166
      nucleotides of coding, and 910 nucleotides of 3'-noncoding regions. The deduced
      amino acid sequence of the enzyme is composed of 722 residues, and the
      composition agrees with that of the protein data. The sequence was confirmed by
      the amino acid compositions and sequence analyses of some of the tryptic
      peptides. The molecular weight of the mature enzyme is calculated to be 78,511
      from the predicted amino acid sequence. The enzyme has no terminal peptide
      extension as a signal for translocation into peroxisomes.

PMID- 4019460
TI  - Transient methylation of dolichyl oligosaccharides is an obligatory step in
      halobacterial sulfated glycoprotein biosynthesis.
AB  - Biosynthesis of sulfated saccharides that are linked to asparagine residues in
      the cell surface glycoprotein of Halobacterium halobium via a glucose residue
      involves sulfated dolichyl-monophosphoryl oligosaccharide intermediates (Lechner,
      J., Wieland, F., and Sumper, M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 860-866). During
      isolation and characterization of these lipid oligosaccharides we detected a
      group of related compounds containing additional unidentified sugar residues.
      Here we report that: 1) the unknown sugar residues were 3-O-methylglucose, linked
      peripherally to the lipid-saccharide intermediates; 2) the 3-O-methylglucose
      residues in the oligosaccharides occur only at the lipid-linked level but are
      absent at the protein-linked level; 3) cell surface glycoprotein biosynthesis in
      Halobacteria in vivo is drastically depressed when S-adenosylmethionine-dependent
      methylation is inhibited, indicating that methylation is an obligatory step
      during glycoprotein synthesis. We propose a mechanism for the transport of lipid
      oligosaccharides through the cell membrane, involving an intermediate stage in
      which the saccharide moieties are transiently modified with 3-O-methylglucose.

PMID- 4019461
TI  - Distinct forebrain and cerebellar isozymes of type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent
      protein kinase associate differently with the postsynaptic density fraction.
AB  - Forebrain and cerebellar Type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases have
      different subunit compositions. The forebrain holoenzyme, characterized in our
      laboratory, is a 650-kDa holoenzyme composed of 50-kDa alpha-subunits and 60-kDa
      beta-subunits assembled in approximately a 3:1 ratio (Bennett, M. K., Erondu, N.
      E., and Kennedy, M. B. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 12735-12744). The cerebellar
      isozyme is a 500-kDa holoenzyme composed of alpha-subunits and beta-subunits
      assembled in almost the converse ratio, approximately four beta-subunits for each
      alpha-subunit. When compared by tryptic peptide mapping and by immunochemical
      techniques, the beta-subunits from the two brain regions are indistinguishable
      and the alpha-subunits appear closely related. The specific activities, substrate
      specificities, and catalytic constants of the cerebellar and forebrain isozymes
      are similar, suggesting that the alpha- and beta-subunits contain similar
      catalytic sites. However, two differences in the properties of the isozymes may
      result in functional differences between them in vivo. First, the apparent
      affinity of the cerebellar kinase for Ca2+/calmodulin is 2-fold higher than that
      of the forebrain kinase. Second, the two isozymes appear to associate differently
      with subcellular structures. Approximately 85% of the cerebellar kinase and 50%
      of the forebrain kinase remain in the particulate fraction after homogenization
      under standard conditions. However, they are present in different amounts in
      postsynaptic density fractions. Postsynaptic densities prepared from forebrain
      contain the forebrain isozyme. Immunochemical measurements show that it comprises
      approximately 16% of their total protein. In contrast, postsynaptic densities
      prepared from cerebellum contain the cerebellar isozyme, but it comprises only
      approximately 1-2% of their total protein. Thus, the alpha-subunit may play a
      role in anchoring Type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase to
      postsynaptic densities.

PMID- 4019462
TI  - Purification and characterization of the human liver cytochromes P-450 involved
      in debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation and phenacetin O-deethylation, two prototypes for
      genetic polymorphism in oxidative drug metabolism.
AB  - Two forms of cytochrome P-450 were purified to apparent homogeneity from several
      different preparations of human liver microsomes. One form, designated P-450DB,
      had relatively high catalytic activity towards the drugs debrisoquine, sparteine,
      bufuralol (both the (+)- and (-)-isomers), encainide, and propranolol and appears
      to be the enzyme involved in the polymorphic distribution of oxidative activities
      towards these substrates in humans. The other form, designated P-450PA, had
      relatively high phenacetin O-deethylase activity and appears to be involved in
      the variation of this activity among humans. Polyclonal antibodies raised to the
      two enzymes were specific for the antigens as judged by immunoelectrophoresis and
      immuno-inhibition studies. The two enzymes and their activities were
      distinguished by chromatographic separation, sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid composition, immuno-inhibition
      studies, and steady-state kinetic assays. Immunochemical studies suggest that
      each form represents only a small fraction of the total cytochrome P-450 in human
      liver microsomes. These biochemical studies provide a basis for better
      understanding the mechanisms which underlie genetic polymorphisms involving P-450
      cytochromes in humans.

PMID- 4019463
TI  - Shortening velocity in single fibers from adult rabbit soleus muscles is
      correlated with myosin heavy chain composition.
AB  - Extensive variations exist in the heavy and light chain components of myosin in
      vertebrate striated muscles. In the present study, we have characterized a
      specific contractile property, velocity of shortening, and protein subunit
      composition of single fibers from adult rabbit soleus muscles. Maximum velocity
      of shortening (Vmax) was measured using the slack test method, and the myosin
      composition of these same fibers was determined using an ultrasensitive sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system. While most fibers were
      found to have velocities between 0.5 and 1.0 muscle length/s, several had
      velocities distributed between 1.33 and 2.99 muscle length/s. The fibers in the
      slower group had myosin subunits that were solely of the slow type; however,
      those in the faster group contained both fast and slow heavy chains and light
      chains. The velocity of shortening measured in fibers having both myosin types
      was highly correlated with the myosin heavy chain composition, with velocity
      increasing as the proportion of fast-type heavy chain increased. Variations in
      light chain composition, particularly fast and slow myosin light chain 1,
      appeared to occur independently of the variations in heavy chain composition,
      suggesting that some myosin molecules consist of mixtures of slow- and fast-type
      subunits.

PMID- 4019464
TI  - A multilocus system for studying tissue and subcellular specialization. The three
      NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes of the fish Fundulus
      heteroclitus.
AB  - Three NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes in the teleost, Fundulus
      heteroclitus (L.), exhibit differences in tissue and subcellular distribution.
      These three proteins were purified and characterized as to native and subunit
      molecular weight, isoelectric pH, susceptibility to thermal denaturation, and
      certain kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) for the oxidative decarboxylation of
      isocitrate at 25 degrees C and pH 7.4. The enzymes are dimers of 90 +/- 4 kDa
      with subunit molecular masses of 45 +/- 3 kDa. Isoelectric pH values were 7.00,
      5.19, and 5.29 for IDH-A2, IDH-B2 and IDH-C2 (where IDH represents isocitrate
      dehydrogenase), respectively. While the monomer-dimer equilibrium is not
      influenced by substrates, the equilibrium appears to respond to buffer
      concentration and temperature. Enzyme activity is not affected upon dilution in
      the presence of buffer containing bovine serum albumin, however, its activity
      declines rapidly in the absence of bovine serum albumin. Thermal stability varies
      among the isozymes, and they do not denature by a simple first-order process. The
      presence of substrates, metal, and coenzymes independently provided enzyme
      stability, suggesting a random mechanism of substrate and cofactor binding. While
      IDH-A2 and IDH-B2 have identical KISOCm, IDH-B2 has a lower KNADPm. The most
      common mitochondrial isozyme (IDH-C2) has a greater KISOCm than either the less
      common mitochondrial isozyme (IDH-A2) or the cytoplasmic enzyme (IDH-B2). The
      KNADPm for IDH-C2 was the same as that of IDH-A2 but greater than that of IDH-B2.
      These Km differences are consistent with the cytoplasmic-mitochondrial shuttling
      of NADPH-reducing equivalents into the cytoplasm.

PMID- 4019465
TI  - Lateral mobility and organization of phospholipids and proteins in rat myocyte
      membranes. Effects of aging and manipulation of lipid composition.
AB  - The effects of aging and of liposome treatment on the lateral mobility of
      phospholipids and proteins in the plasma membrane of cultured rat heart myocytes
      were studied by fluorescence photobleaching recovery. Both the mobile fraction
      (R) and the lateral diffusion coefficient (D) of the fluorescent phospholipid N-4
      nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazolyl phosphatidylethanolamine were found to depend on
      the culture's age. Aged myocyte cultures (15 days old) demonstrated higher R and
      lower D as compared with young ones (5 days old). Treatment of aged cultures with
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes, which increases the PC/sphingomyelin (SM)
      ratio and decreases the cholesterol level, reversed the D value to the level
      observed in young cultures and decreased R below the value encountered in young
      cells. Treatments with SM liposomes (which induce cholesterol depletion without
      altering the PC/SM ratio) and with PC/cholesterol (1:0.9) liposomes (which
      increase the PC/SM ratio without cholesterol depletion) have indicated that the
      PC-liposome effect is due to changes in both the PC/SM ratio and in the
      cholesterol level. Analogous experiments on the mobility of succinyl-concanavalin
      A receptors yielded similar effects on R, without altering the D value. The
      changes in the D and R values of the markers studied are most likely initiated by
      the observed alterations in the myocyte lipid composition under the conditions
      employed. The possible involvement of changes in the organization of membrane
      lipids in domains in the observed phenomena is discussed.

PMID- 4019466
TI  - A sulfatase specific for glucuronic acid 2-sulfate residues in
      glycosaminoglycans.
AB  - Although 2-O-sulfated L-iduronic acid (IdoA) residues have been known to occur in
      heparin, 2-O-sulfated D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residues have been reported only
      recently (Bienkowski, M. J., and Conrad, H. E. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 356
      365). Disaccharides prepared by cleavage of heparin and N-deacetylated
      chondroitin 6-sulfate with nitrous acid were used to demonstrate a new sulfatase
      that catalyzed the removal of the 2-O-sulfate substituents from GlcA but not IdoA
      residues. The deamination products were labeled by NaB3H4 reduction to give
      disaccharides from heparin and chondroitin sulfate which had reducing terminal
      2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol ([3H]AManR) and 2,5-anhydro-D-talitol ([3H]ATalR)
      residues, respectively. IdoA(2-SO4)-[3H]AManR(6-SO4) from heparin and GlcA(2-SO4)
      [3H]ATalR(6-SO4) from chondroitin sulfate were purified for use as substrates.
      GlcA(2-SO4)-[3H]AManR(6-SO4) was prepared by epimerization of IdoA(2-SO4)
      [3H]AManR(6-SO4) with hydrazine at 100 degrees C. Lysosomal enzyme preparations
      from chick embryo chondrocytes and from two normal human fibroblast cell lines
      catalyzed the removal of the 2-O-SO4 substituent from the uronic acid residues of
      IdoA(2-SO4)-[3H]AManR(6-SO4), GlcA(2-SO4)-[3H] AManR(6-SO4), and GlcA(2-SO4)
      [3H]ATalR(6-SO4). In contrast, a lysosomal enzyme preparation from a human
      fibroblast cell line deficient in idurono-2-sulfatase (Hunter's-syndrome), which
      had no activity on the IdoA(2-SO4)-[3H]AManR(6-SO4), converted GlcA(2-SO4)
      [3H]AManR(6-SO4) to a mixture of GlcA-[3H] AManR(6-SO4) and [3H]AManR(6-SO4).
      This enzyme also converted GlcA(2-SO4)-[3H]ATalR(6-SO4) to a mixture of GlcA
      [3H]ATalR(6-SO4) and [3H]ATalR(6-SO4). Digestion of both GlcA(2-SO4)-[3H]AManR(6
      SO4) and GlcA(2-SO4)-[3H]ATalR(6-SO4) was inhibited by 35SO2-4 and was arrested
      at the monosulfated disaccharide stage by 1,4-saccharolactone. The glucurono-2
      sulfatase exhibited a pH optimum of 4. The results indicate that there exists a
      separate sulfatase for the removal of sulfate substituents from C-2 of GlcA
      residues in glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 4019467
TI  - Formation of a leakage-type ion pathway in lipid bilayer membranes by divalent
      cationic cyanine dyes in cooperation with inorganic phosphate. Role of the
      cyanine dye in uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.
AB  - Divalent cationic cyanine dyes, such as 2,2'-[3-[2-(3-butyl-4-methyl-2-thiazoline
      2-ylidene)-ethylidene] propenylene]bis[3-butyl-4-methylthiazolinium iodide] and
      platonin induced large membrane current fluctuation when an electrical potential
      difference was applied across a planar phosphatidylserine bilayer membrane in
      medium containing inorganic phosphate (Pi). Without Pi, the dyes did not induce
      current fluctuation at concentrations of less than 30 microM. Noise analysis of
      current fluctuation indicated formation of a pathway for ion leakage. From
      measurements of the interfacial tension between oil and aqueous phases, and of
      water permeability across liposomal membranes, Pi was concluded to relax the
      phospholipid bilayer structure, resulting in great reduction in the concentration
      of the cyanine dye necessary for induction of the leakage-type pathway. In the
      presence of Pi, cationic ions such as tetrabutyl ammonium and tetraphenyl
      phosphonium did not induce the leakage-type pathway, although they had
      electrophoretic effects at high concentrations. These facts suggest that the
      mechanism of the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by dicationic cyanine
      dyes in mitochondria is different from that of cationic uncouplers such as
      tetrabutyl ammonium ion.

PMID- 4019468
TI  - O2-triggered changes of membrane fatty acid composition have no effect on
      Arrhenius discontinuities of respiration in sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.)
      cells.
AB  - Sycamore cells (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) in suspension culture were grown at 25
      degrees C in culture medium containing two oxygen concentrations: 250 microM O2
      (standard conditions) and 10 microM O2 (O2-limiting conditions). The decrease of
      O2 concentration in the culture medium did not modify significantly the relative
      proportion of each phospholipid. In contrast, the molar proportion of fatty acids
      was dramatically changed in all lipid classes of the cell membranes; the average
      percentage of oleate increased from 3 to 45% whereas that of linoleate decreased
      from 49 to 22%. When normal culture conditions were restored (250 microM O2),
      oleate underwent a rapid desaturation process; the loss of oleic acid was
      associated with a stoichiometric appearance of linoleic acid at a rate of about 4
      nmol of oleate desaturated/h/10(6) cells. Under these conditions, no change in
      the Arrhenius-type plots of the rate of sycamore cell respiration was observed;
      the values of the transition temperature and of the Arrhenius activation energy
      (Ea) associated with the cell respiration as well as with the respiration
      associated enzymes remained unchanged. Thus it was concluded that the fact that a
      strong decrease in the fraction of unsaturated fatty acid residues present in the
      mitochondria had no effect on electron transport rates and Arrhenius plot
      discontinuities casts doubt on the significance of such changes in terms of
      chilling injury. Finally it is suggested that some of the Arrhenius
      discontinuities observed at the level of membrane enzyme could be the consequence
      of intrinsic thermotropic changes in protein arrangement independent of lipid
      fluidity.

PMID- 4019469
TI  - Azidocytidine is a specific inhibitor of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis in 3T6
      cells.
AB  - 2'-Azidocytidine is a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis in cultured 3T6 mouse
      fibroblasts. Earlier work (Akerblom, L., Pontis, E., and Reichard, P. (1982) 257,
      6776-6782) indicated that the nucleoside, after phosphorylation, acted by
      inhibiting both ribonucleotide reduction and DNA strand elongation. We now
      demonstrate that the effect on strand elongation was due to a contamination of
      azidocytidine with less than 0.3% of arabinosyl cytosine. Pure azidocytidine
      inhibits specifically ribonucleotide reductase and its effects on DNA synthesis
      are secondary to this inhibition. The results with azidocytidine concerning the
      size and turnover of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools parallel those of
      hydroxyurea and are distinct from those of arabinosyl cytosine. Together with
      hydroxyurea, azidocytidine is a useful compound in studies aiming at a specific
      block of the production of deoxynucleoside triphosphates in intact cells.
      Comparisons of the effects of azidocytidine and arabinosyl cytosine complement
      earlier studies with hydroxyurea and aphidicolin concerning inter-relations
      between dNTP synthesis and DNA replication.

PMID- 4019470
TI  - Methanogenesis and the K+ transport system are activated by divalent cations in
      ammonia-treated cells of Methanospirillum hungatei.
AB  - We describe a K+ transport system in Methanospirillum hungatei cells depleted of
      cytoplasmic K+ via an ammonia/K+ exchange reaction (Sprott, G. D., Shaw, K. M.,
      and Jarrell, K. F. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12602-12608). Ammonia-treated cells
      contained low concentrations of ATP and were unable to make CH4 or to transport
      86Rb+. All of these properties were restored by CaCl2, MgCl2, or MnCl2, and not
      by CoCl2 or NiCl2. The Rb+ transport system had a Km of 0.42 and Vmax of 29
      nmol/min X mg; K+ inhibited competitively. Both H2 and CO2 were required for
      appreciable transport, whereas air, valinomycin, or nigericin were potent
      inhibitors. The influx of Rb+ was electrogenic and associated with proton efflux,
      producing a delta pH (alkaline inside) in acidic media. In the absence of K+ (or
      Rb+), the activation of CH4 synthesis by Mg2+ produced little change in the
      cytoplasmic pH, showing that methanogenesis did not elicit a net efflux of
      protons. The pH optimum for transport was in the range 6.0-7.3 where the
      transmembrane pH gradient would contribute minimally to the proton motive force.
      Protonophores at pH 6.3 caused a partial decline in CH4 synthesis and the ATP
      content and dramatically collapsed Rb+ transport. These and other inhibitor
      experiments, coupled with the fact that the Rb+ gradient was too large to be in
      equilibrium with the proton motive force alone, suggest a role for both ATP and
      the proton motive force in Rb+ transport. Also, a role for K+ in osmoregulation
      is indicated.

PMID- 4019471
TI  - The regulation of heme biosynthesis during erythropoietin-induced erythroid
      differentiation.
AB  - Marrow cells induced toward erythroid differentiation by treatment with
      erythropoietin respond by increasing the rates of iron uptake and hemoglobin
      synthesis. Study of the enzymes of heme biosynthesis during erythroid
      differentiation suggests that induction of heme synthesis in these cells is
      regulated by synthesis of porphobilinogen deaminase. The activities of delta
      aminolevulinic acid synthase, gamma, delta-dioxovaleric acid transaminase, delta
      aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and ferrochelatase were not affected
      significantly by treatment of suppressed marrow cells with erythropoietin over a
      period of 4 days, whereas that of porphobilinogen deaminase was increased by as
      much as 3.5-fold by the 3rd day of incubation. The time course of increase in
      porphobilinogen deaminase activity was parallel to that of the increase in heme
      synthesis. Moreover, when porphobilinogen deaminase activity was compared in
      marrow cells exposed to increased levels of erythropoietin in vivo (hyperplastic
      marrow) and marrow cells exposed to lowered levels of erythropoietin in vivo
      (suppressed marrow), the activity in the former case was greater than that in
      normal cells and for the latter type of cell it was lower than normal.
      Experiments using actinomycin D and cycloheximide suggest that transcription is
      required for the erythropoietin-induced porphobilinogen deaminase activity,
      indicating that induction is probably at the level of de novo synthesis of
      enzyme.

PMID- 4019472
TI  - Metal and phospholipid binding properties of partially carboxylated human
      prothrombin variants.
AB  - To study the specific role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues in
      prothrombin, we have isolated a series of partially carboxylated prothrombin
      variants from a patient with a hereditary defect in vitamin K-dependent
      carboxylation (Goldsmith, G. H., Pence, R. E., Ratnoff, O. D., Adelstein, D. A.,
      and Furie, B. (1982) J. Clin. Invest. 69, 1253-1260). The three variant
      prothrombins, purified by DEAE-Sephacel, immunoaffinity chromatography, and
      preparative gel electrophoresis, were indistinguishable from prothrombin in
      molecular weight, amino acid composition, and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence,
      with the exception of Gla residues. Variant prothrombin 1, with 8 Gla residues,
      had 66% of the coagulant activity of prothrombin, one high affinity metal-binding
      site (Kd = 15 nM), and three lower affinity sites (Kd = 2.7 microM); prothrombin
      contained two high affinity (36 nM) and four lower affinity sites (Kd = 1
      microM). Ca(II) induced a 23% decrease in the intrinsic fluorescence of variant
      prothrombin 1 fragment 1, compared to a 35% decrease in that of prothrombin
      fragment 1. The phospholipid binding activity of variant prothrombin 1 was 44%
      that of prothrombin. Variant prothrombin 2 and variant prothrombin 3, with 4 and
      6 Gla residues, respectively, had about 5% of prothrombin coagulant activity and
      a single high affinity and two lower affinity metal-binding sites and exhibited
      no phospholipid binding activity. Variant prothrombin 3 fragment 1 and variant
      prothrombin 2 fragment 1 demonstrated 18 and 13% of Ca(II)-induced fluorescence
      quenching, respectively. Abnormal prothrombin, with 1 Gla residue, had 8% of
      prothrombin coagulant activity, a single lower affinity (1 microM) metal-binding
      site, and 13% Ca(II)-induced fluorescence quenching of the fragment 1 species and
      did not bind to phospholipid. These results indicate that Gla residues define the
      metal binding properties of prothrombin. Most, if not all, of the Gla residues
      are required for complete prothrombin function, and the prothrombin coagulant
      activity correlates to the phospholipid binding activity of the prothrombin
      species.

PMID- 4019473
TI  - Epoxidation of styrene by hemoglobin and myoglobin. Transfer of oxidizing
      equivalents to the protein surface.
AB  - Methemoglobin and metmyoglobin catalyze the H2O2-dependent oxidation of styrene
      to styrene oxide and benzaldehyde. The formation of styrene oxide requires
      molecular oxygen as well as H2O2 but does not, as shown by inhibitor studies,
      involve the superoxide or hydroxyl radicals. Approximately 38, 67, and 78% of the
      oxygen in styrene oxide derives from 18O2 in the reactions catalyzed,
      respectively, by bovine hemoglobin, sperm whale myoglobin, and equine heart
      myoglobin, whereas 70, 55, and 35% of the oxygen can be shown to be derived from
      [18O]H2O2. However, a larger fraction of the epoxide oxygen than suggested by the
      labeling data (perhaps all) derives from molecular oxygen rather than H2O2
      because the hemoproteins produce molecular oxygen from the peroxide. The
      epoxidation of styrene by methemoglobin gives equal amounts of the R and S
      enantiomers and, as shown by studies with trans-[1-2H]styrene, proceeds with
      partial (33%) loss of the olefin stereochemistry. The results are rationalized by
      H2O2-dependent formation of a protein radical that combines with molecular oxygen
      to give a protein-peroxy radical that oxidizes styrene.

PMID- 4019474
TI  - Metabolic studies of pyruvate- and lactate-perfused guinea pig hearts by 13C NMR.
      Determination of substrate preference by glutamate isotopomer distribution.
AB  - Guinea pig hearts perfused in vitro with 99% enriched [3-13C]pyruvate and [3
      13C]lactate have been examined by 13C NMR spectroscopy at 75.45 MHz. Resonances
      from the intracellular metabolites, glutamate, aspartate, alanine, citrate,
      malate, lactate, and acetylcarnitine are detected in the [3-13C]pyruvate-perfused
      hearts while glutamate is the only metabolite observed in the [3-13C]lactate
      perfused hearts. Extracts obtained from individual freeze-clamped hearts run
      under high resolution conditions show similar distributions of metabolites
      indicating that the intracellular concentrations of these metabolites are indeed
      quite dependent upon the substrate being utilized. The excellent signal to noise
      in the spectra of lactate-perfused hearts allows observation of spin-spin
      coupling between 13C-enriched nuclei in the various glutamate isotopomers within
      the intact heart. It is shown that the steady-state distribution of glutamate
      isotopomers is determined by the amount of 12C- versus 13C-enriched acetyl-CoA
      entering the citric acid cycle and this provides the basis for a direct
      determination of substrate utilization by the heart in the presence of competing
      substrates. Similar information may be derived from the 13C spectrum of an
      extract prepared from a single [3-13C]pyruvate-perfused heart. Our results
      indicate that lactate is preferred over glucose by the guinea pig heart even in
      the presence of insulin.

PMID- 4019475
TI  - Characterization of proteoglycans from adult bovine tendon.
AB  - Proteoglycans were extracted in good yield from the proximal, fibrous portion of
      adult bovine tendon with 4 m guanidine HCl. They comprise less than 1% of the dry
      weight of the tissue. Using CsCl density gradient centrifugation, gel
      chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography, two populations of proteoglycans
      were separated and purified from other tissue proteins. One was a large,
      chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with high buoyant density in CsCl. This
      component appeared to be composed of two or three subpopulations as detected by
      agarose/polyacrylamide electrophoresis, although they could not be effectively
      separated from one another for individual characterization. As a group, the large
      proteoglycans eluted from Sepharose CL-2B with Kav from 0.1-0.5 and their core
      protein had Mr greater than 200,000 with high contents of glutamic acid, serine,
      and glycine. The glycosaminoglycan chains had a weight average Mr of 17,000 and
      more than 98% of the uronic acid was glucuronic acid. This group comprised only
      12% of the total proteoglycan of the tissue. The other 88% of the proteoglycans
      appeared to represent one group of small molecules that eluted from Sepharose CL
      2B at Kav = 0.70. They demonstrated buoyant densities in a CsCl gradient ranging
      from greater than or equal to 1.51 to 1.30 g/ml. Their core protein had an
      apparent Mr = 48,000 following removal of the glycosaminoglycan chains by
      digestion with chondroitinase ABC. This core protein had a particularly high
      content of aspartic acid/asparagine and leucine. The glycosaminoglycan chains had
      a weight average Mr of 37,000 and were dermatan sulfate containing 73% iduronic
      acid. Those molecules found at highest buoyant density appeared to have
      additional glycosaminoglycan chains that were shorter. Proteoglycans were also
      extracted from the pressure-bearing distal region of this tendon, where contents
      of proteoglycan per wet weight of tissue were 3-fold higher and as much as 50% of
      this was as large as the large proteoglycans from the proximal tissue.
      Preparations of large proteoglycans from both tendon regions contained molecules
      capable of interacting with hyaluronic acid.

PMID- 4019476
TI  - Dissociation of nucleosomal particles by chemical modification. Equivalence of
      the two binding sites for H2A.H2B dimers.
AB  - Treatment of nucleosomal particles with dimethylmaleic anhydride, a reagent for
      protein amino groups, is accompanied by a biphasic release of histones H2A plus
      H2B; one H2A.H2B dimer is more easily released than the other. This behavior
      allows the preparation of nucleosomal particles containing only one H2A.H2B
      dimer, which were complemented with 125I-labeled H2A.H2B. These reconstituted
      particles, which contain one labeled and one unlabeled H2A.H2B dimer, were
      treated with the amount of reagent needed to release one of the two H2A.H2B
      dimers. Radioactivity was equally distributed between residual particles and
      released proteins, which is consistent with equivalent binding sites in the
      nucleosomal particle for H2A.H2B dimers, rather than with intrinsically different
      sites. The asymmetric release of H2A.H2B dimers would be caused by a change in
      the binding site of one dimer following the release of the other. This behavior
      might be related to the structural dynamics of nucleosomes.

PMID- 4019477
TI  - Crystals of crotoxin suitable for high resolution x-ray diffraction analysis.
AB  - The phospholipasic presynaptic neurotoxin, crotoxin, has been crystallized in a
      morphology suitable for single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. The conditions
      for growth and the unit cell parameters (P4(1)22 or P4(3)22, a = b = 38.5 A, c =
      256.9 A, 1 molecule/asymmetric unit) are similar to the very thin plate-like
      crystals which have been studied with electron diffraction and electron
      microscopy by Chiu and his colleagues (Jeng, T.-W., Chiu, W., Zemlin, F., and
      Zeitler, E. (1984) J. Mol. Biol. 175, 93 - 97). These two macroscopic crystal
      morphologies of what is likely to be a very similar, if not identical, lattice
      structure will permit the complementary application of electron
      diffraction/microscopy and x-ray diffraction to understanding the structural
      basis of the interactions between a phospholipasic neurotoxin and its membrane
      target.

PMID- 4019478
TI  - Biosynthesis of the cancer-associated sialyl-Lea antigen.
AB  - A cancer-associated glycolipid antigen defined by monoclonal antibody 19-9 has
      the structure NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta
      1-Cer. We have (formula; see text) studied its biosynthesis by testing the
      capacity of a crude microsomal fraction of SW 1116 cells to catalyze the addition
      of fucosyl or sialyl residues from GDP-fucose or CMP-sialic acid to glycolipid or
      oligosaccharide precursors. When the tetrasaccharide NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1
      3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc (LSTa) is incubated with GDP-[14C]fucose and SW
      1116 microsomes, a 14C-labeled oligosaccharide is formed that can be separated
      from the incubation mixture on an affinity column containing antibody 19-9 bound
      to protein A-Sepharose. The product migrates slower than LSTa when analyzed by
      paper or thin-layer chromatography. After treatment with neuraminidase, it co
      migrates with the pentasaccharide Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc
      (formula; see text) (LNF II) in both chromatographic systems. Similar experiments
      demonstrate that SW 1116 microsomes catalyze the addition of a sialyl residue to
      the tetrasaccharide Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc to form LSTa.
      However, when LNF II is incubated with CMP-[14C]sialic acid and SW 1116
      microsomes, no 19-9-active product is detected by affinity chromatography or by
      paper or thin-layer chromatography. Results using glycolipid precursors are
      consistent with these findings and also demonstrate the presence of the Lewis
      fucosyltransferase in SW 1116 cells. Thus, the biosynthesis of the sialyl-Lea
      antigen proceeds by addition of sialic acid to a type 1 precursor chain by a
      sialyltransferase, followed by addition of fucose by the Lewis
      fucosyltransferase.

PMID- 4019479
TI  - Mevalonate utilization in Pseudomonas sp. M. Purification and characterization of
      an inducible 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase.
AB  - Pseudomonas sp. M grown on mevalonate as the sole source of carbon has 200- to
      800-fold induced levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)
      reductase. The enzyme, which was purified to a homogeneous state in 54% yield
      (final specific activity, 60.5 mumol of NAD+ reduced per min per mg of protein),
      converted R-mevalonate (Km = 0.15 mM) to S-HMG-CoA. Activity was sensitive to
      sulfhydryl modifying reagents. The apparent molecular weight of the holoenzyme
      was 178,000 and that of the subunit 43,000. The enzyme thus appears to be a
      tetramer. Comparison of a 23-residue amino-terminal sequence with the cDNA
      derived sequence of Chinese hamster ovary cell HMG-CoA reductase showed little
      homology and antibody raised against the Pseudomonas enzyme did not appear to
      cross-react with rat liver HMG-CoA reductase. Addition of mevalonate to cells
      growing on glucose was followed by a rapid and biphasic induction of HMG-CoA
      reductase activity. During phase I, mevalonate or its catabolites may accumulate
      in intact cells of Pseudomonas sp. M and acetoacetate, a competitive inhibitor of
      HMG-CoA reductase (Ki = 3.2 mM), may feedback inhibit the enzyme under these
      conditions.

PMID- 4019480
TI  - Identification of a 43-kDa polypeptide associated with acetylcholine receptor
      enriched membranes as MM creatine kinase.
AB  - Creatine kinase isoenzymes from Torpedo californica electric organ, skeletal
      muscle, and brain were purified and characterized. Torpedo electric organ and
      skeletal muscle creatine kinase have identical apparent Mr, electrophoretic
      mobility, and cyanogen bromide fragments. The electrophoretic mobility of the
      Torpedo creatine kinase was anodal as compared to mammalian MM creatine kinase.
      No creatine kinase isoenzyme with an electrophoretic mobility similar to
      mammalian BB creatine kinase was seen in any of the Torpedo tissues examined.
      Hybridization studies demonstrate the Torpedo electric organ creatine kinase to
      be composed of identical subunits and capable of producing an enzymatically
      active heterodimer when combined with canine BB creatine kinase. Creatine kinase
      from sucrose gradient-purified Torpedo electric organ acetylcholine receptor-rich
      membranes has an electrophoretic mobility identical with the cytoplasmic
      isoenzyme and an apparent Mr identical with mammalian MM creatine kinase. Western
      blot analysis showed Torpedo electric organ skeletal muscle creatine kinase and
      acetylcholine receptor-enriched membrane creatine kinase reacted with antiserum
      specific for canine MM creatine kinase. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence
      determinations show considerable sequence homology between human MM, Torpedo
      electric organ, chicken MM, and porcine MM creatine kinase. The acetylcholine
      receptor-associated creatine kinase is, therefore, identical with the cytoplasmic
      form from the electric organ and is composed of M-subunits.

PMID- 4019481
TI  - Mechanism of microtubule assembly. Changes in polymer structure and organization
      during assembly of sea urchin egg tubulin.
AB  - Assembly of tubulin, purified from eggs of the sea urchin Stronglyocentrotus
      purpuratus, was examined at physiological (18 degrees C) and nonphysiological (37
      degrees C) temperatures. Critical concentrations for assembly were 0.71 mg/ml at
      18 degrees C and 0.21 mg/ml at 37 degrees C. At tubulin concentrations above 1.2
      mg/ml at 18 degrees C and 0.5 mg/ml at 37 degrees C, a concentration-dependent
      "overshoot" in turbidity and in small-angle light scattering was observed;
      turbidity and scattering increased rapidly to a peak, then decreased
      asymptotically toward a steady-state value. Quantitative sedimentation analysis
      revealed that the mass of assembled polymer reached and maintained a constant
      level during overshoot of turbidity. Changes in the wavelength dependence of
      turbidity were consistent with the initial formation of sheets of tubulin,
      followed by conversion of the sheets to microtubules, both at 18 and 37 degrees
      C. Examination by negative-stain electron microscopy showed that sheetlike
      structures predominated during the early stages of overshoot assembly, while
      complete microtubules were present at steady state. Furthermore, measurements of
      average polymer length revealed that the overshoots in turbidity and in light
      scattering are unlikely to be caused by polymer length redistribution.
      Qualitative observations of solution birefringence suggested that the polymer
      became progressively more aligned during assembly. These results suggest that the
      turbidity/light-scattering overshoots reflect changes in the form or in the
      organization of the assembling polymer, or both.

PMID- 4019482
TI  - Independent regulation of ppp(A2'p)nA-dependent RNase in NIH 3T3, clone 1 cells
      by growth arrest and interferon treatment.
AB  - The regulation of ppp(A2'p)nA-(2-5A)-dependent RNase (RNase L or RNase F) was
      investigated in NIH 3T3, clone 1 cells using 2-5A-binding and nuclease activity
      assays. Minimal levels of 2-5A-dependent RNase were detected in actively dividing
      clone 1 cells; these levels were independently induced by growth arrest or
      interferon treatment. Accordingly, levels of the RNase were enhanced during
      growth arrest by confluency regardless of the presence or absence of interferon
      or antibody to interferon in the media. Measurement of 2-5A-dependent RNase was
      unaffected by the addition of any of six different proteinase inhibitors to the
      cells prior to extraction. The expression of 2-5A-dependent RNase in growth
      arrested, interferon-treated cells was still relatively low (about one-third to
      one-half of that found in similarly treated murine Ehrlich ascites tumor cells).
      Although this amount of 2-5A-dependent RNase could not be detected by 2-5A
      mediated ribosomal RNA cleavage, the activity was identified using a more
      sensitive novel assay for 2-5A-dependent RNase. In addition, introduction of 2-5A
      or poly(I) X poly(C) into growth-arrested, interferon-treated cells resulted in
      some inhibition of protein synthesis. The results indicated that the expression
      of 2-5A-dependent RNase in NIH 3T3, clone 1 cells is regulated under different
      physiological conditions and that low levels of 2-5A-dependent RNase were
      insufficient to significantly inhibit encephalomyocarditis virus replication.

PMID- 4019483
TI  - Demonstration of a COOH-terminal extension on equine lutropin by means of a
      common acid-labile bond in equine lutropin and equine chorionic gonadotropin.
AB  - The beta subunits of equine lutropin and equine chorionic gonadotropin were
      incubated in 0.013 N HCl for 30 min at 110 degrees C and separated into two
      fragments by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The amino acid
      and carbohydrate compositions of both fragments from each subunit were analyzed.
      The results demonstrated that equine lutropin-beta has a glycosylated COOH
      terminal extension that differs only in carbohydrate composition from the COOH
      terminal portion of equine chorionic gonadotropin-beta. This is the first
      demonstration of a glycosylated COOH-terminal extension in a pituitary
      glycoprotein hormone.

PMID- 4019484
TI  - Evidence that anion transport by band 3 proceeds via a ping-pong mechanism
      involving a single transport site. A 35 Cl NMR study.
AB  - Band 3 catalyzes the one-for-one exchange of monovalent anions across the red
      cell membrane. At least two anion binding sites have been postulated to exist on
      the transport unit: 1) a transport site that has been observed by saturation
      kinetics and by 35 Cl NMR studies of chloride binding, and 2) a 35Cl NMR
      invisible inhibitory site that has been proposed to explain the inhibition of
      anion exchange at large anion concentrations. A number of independent studies
      have indicated that the transport site is alternately exposed to different sides
      of the membrane during the transport cycle. Yet the role, if any, of the
      postulated inhibitory site in the transport cycle is not known. Here it is shown
      that: 1) when the [Cl-], [Br-], or pH is varied, the band 3 transport sites on
      both sides of the membrane behave like a homogeneous population of simple anion
      binding sites in 35Cl NMR experiments, and 2) when the [Cl-] is varied, the
      outward-facing transport site behaves like a simple anion binding site. These
      results indicate that the postulated inhibitory site has no effect on chloride
      binding to the transport site. Instead, the results are quantitatively consistent
      with the ping-pong model (Gunn, R. B., and Frolich, O. (1979) J. Gen. Physiol.
      74, 351-374), which states that the transport site is the only site involved in
      the transport cycle. Expressions are derived for the macroscopically observed
      characteristics of a ping-pong transporter: these characteristics are shown to be
      weighted averages of the microscopic properties of the inward- and outward-facing
      conformations of the transport site. In addition to supporting the simplicity of
      the transport mechanism, the high pH titration curve for chloride binding to the
      transport site provides insight into the structure of the site. The
      macroscopically observed pKA = 11.1 +/- 0.1 in the leaky ghost system indicates
      that an arginine must provide the essential positive charge in the inward- or
      outward-facing conformation of the transport site, or in both conformations.

PMID- 4019485
TI  - The kinetic equation for the chloride transport cycle of band 3. A 35Cl and 37Cl
      NMR study.
AB  - The nature of a transmembrane transport process depends largely on the identity
      of the reaction that is rate-limiting in the transport cycle. The one-for-one
      exchange of two chloride ions across the red cell membrane by band 3 can be
      decomposed into two component reactions: 1) the binding and dissociation of
      chloride at the transport site, and 2) the translocation of bound chloride across
      the membrane. The present work utilizes 35 Cl NMR and 37 Cl NMR to set lower
      limits on the rates of chloride binding and dissociation at the saturated inward-
      and outward-facing band 3 transport sites (greater than or equal to 10(5) events
      site-1 s-1 in all cases). At both 0-3 and 37 degrees C, the NMR data specify that
      chloride binding and dissociation at the saturated transport sites are not rate
      limiting, indicating that translocation of bound chloride across the membrane is
      the slowest step in the overall transport cycle. Using these results, it is now
      possible to describe many features of the kinetic equation for the ping-pong
      transport cycle of band 3. This transport cycle can be decomposed into two half
      reactions associated with the transport of two chloride ions in opposite
      directions across the membrane, where each half-reaction is composed of
      sequential binding, translocation, and dissociation events. One half-reaction
      contains the rate-limiting translocation event that controls the turnover of the
      transport cycle; in this half-reaction, translocation must be slower than binding
      and dissociation. The other half-reaction contains the non-rate-limiting
      translocation event that in principle could be faster than binding or
      dissociation. However, when the following sufficient (but not necessary)
      condition is satisfied, both translocation events are slower than binding and
      dissociation: if the non-rate-limiting translocation rate is within a factor of
      10(2) (0-3 degrees C) or 2 (37 degrees C) of the overall turnover rate, then
      translocation is rate-limiting in each saturated half-reaction. Thus, even though
      chloride appears to migrate through a channel that leads from the transport site
      to solution, the results support a picture in which the binding, dissociation,
      and channel migration events are rapid compared to the translocation of bound
      chloride across the membrane. In this case, chloride binding to the transport
      site can be described by a simple dissociation constant (KD = kappa OFF/kappa ON)
      rather than by a Michaelis-Menten constant (KM = (kappa OFF + kappa
      TRANSLOCATION)/KAPPA ON).

PMID- 4019486
TI  - Metabolism of retinoids by embryonal carcinoma cells.
AB  - Several embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines were tested in culture for their
      ability to metabolize all-trans-[3H]retinol, all-trans-[3H]retinyl acetate, and
      all-trans-[3H]retinoic acid. There was little, if any, metabolism of all-trans
      retinol to more polar compounds; we failed to detect conversion to acidic
      retinoids by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and
      derivatization. We also did not observe [3H]retinoic acid when EC cells were
      incubated with [3H]retinyl acetate. Unlike the other retinoids, all-trans
      [3H]retinoic acid, even at micromolar levels, was almost totally modified by
      cells from several EC lines within 24 h. Most of the labeled products were
      secreted into the medium. Some EC lines metabolized retinoic acid constitutively,
      whereas others had an inducible enzyme system. A differentiation-defective line,
      which contains little or no cellular retinoic acid-binding protein activity,
      metabolized retinoic acid poorly, even after exposure to inducers. At least eight
      retinoic acid metabolites were generated; many contain hydroxyl residues. Our
      data lead us to propose that retinol does not induce differentiation of EC cells
      in vitro via conversion to retinoic acid. Also, the relatively rapid metabolism
      of retinoic acid by EC cells suggests either that the induction of
      differentiation need involve only a transient exposure to this retinoid or that
      one or more of the retinoic acid metabolites can also promote differentiation.

PMID- 4019487
TI  - Pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate oxidase exhibits no specificity in prochiral hydrogen
      abstraction from substrate.
AB  - The stereochemistry for hydrogen removal from pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate with
      liver pyridoxine (pyridoxamine)-5'-phosphate oxidase was examined to determine
      whether or not there are significant steric constraints at the substrate region
      of the active site of the oxidase. For this, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was reduced
      with tritium-labeled sodium borohydride in ammoniacal solution to yield
      racemically labeled [4',4'-3H]pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate which was then chemically
      or enzymatically oxidized to [4'-3H]pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. This latter was used
      as coenzyme with either L-aspartate (L-glutamate) aminotransferase and L
      glutamate or L-glutamate decarboxylase and alpha-methyl-DL-glutamate to generate
      [4'-3H]pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate known to be labeled in the R-position. Reaction
      of the oxidase with the pro-R as well as the pro-R,S-labeled substrates followed
      by isolation of [4'-3H]pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and 3H2O revealed only half the
      radioactivity was abstracted from the original substrate in either case. Hence,
      the oxidase is not stereospecific and equally well catalyzes removal of either
      pro-R or pro-S hydrogen from the 4-methylene of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate.

PMID- 4019488
TI  - Lipoprotein lipase hydrolysis of trioleoylglycerol in a phospholipid interface.
      Effect of cholesteryl oleate on catalysis.
AB  - The effect of cholesteryl oleate on the lipoprotein lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis
      of trioleoylglycerol was determined in monolayers of egg phosphatidylcholine at a
      constant surface pressure of 24 mN m-1. The phospholipid monolayers contained 1.0
      to 7.5 mol % trioleoylglycerol and various amounts (0 to 20 mol %) of cholesteryl
      oleate. The initial rates of trioleoylglycerol hydrolysis were determined with
      lipoprotein lipase purified from bovine milk. In phospholipid monolayers
      containing 5.0 or 7.5 mol % trioleoylglycerol, the further addition of
      cholesteryl oleate caused a decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity. In contrast,
      addition of cholesteryl oleate to phospholipid monolayers containing 1.0 or 2.5
      mol % trioleoylglycerol enhanced enzyme activity; a 3-fold enhancement was
      observed with 5.0-7.5 mol % cholesteryl oleate. Based on force-area measurements,
      the cholesteryl ester-mediated decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity observed
      at high substrate concentrations may be explained by displacement of
      trioleoylglycerol from the interface, thereby reducing the interfacial
      trioleoylglycerol concentration available for enzyme catalysis. One explanation
      for the cholesteryl oleate-mediated enhancement of lipoprotein lipase activity at
      low trioleoylglycerol concentrations is that the additional spreading of
      cholesteryl oleate disrupts microemulsions of trioleoylglycerol, thereby
      increasing the effective monomer substrate concentration available for enzyme
      catalysis. Based on these monolayer studies with model systems, we suggest that
      the relative amount of cholesteryl esters in plasma triacylglycerol-rich
      lipoproteins plays a regulatory role in determining the rate at which
      triacylglycerols are cleared from the circulation.

PMID- 4019489
TI  - Adenovirus-dependent increase in cell membrane permeability.
AB  - When KB cells were labeled with either 51Cr (1 microCi/ml) or [35S]methionine (5
      microCi/ml) and treated with 10 micrograms/ml of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) at pH
      6.0 for 60 min at 37 degrees C, about 25% of the cell-associated 51Cr and 5% of
      the [35S]methionine were released into the medium. The 51Cr was mainly associated
      with molecules of 1500 Da or less. When KB cells were labeled with either [3H]
      choline, alpha-[3H]aminobutyric acid, or [3H]deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose and exposed
      to Ad2, these molecules were released in amounts much higher than 51Cr. The Ad2
      dependent release of choline was found to be dependent on Ad2 concentration, with
      maximum release (nearly 60%) at 10 micrograms/ml of Ad2, on the length of the
      incubation with Ad2, with maximum release at about 90 min, and on the medium pH
      with maximum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5. Greater than 95% of the choline released
      was water-soluble and identified as choline phosphate. Less than 5% of the
      choline released was associated with lipids, and none was released as a
      phospholipid vesicle or micelle. The ability of Ad2 to release choline was
      abolished by incubating Ad2 for 10 min at 45 degrees C, whereas the binding of
      Ad2 to the cells was not affected. Fetal calf serum also blocked Ad2-dependent
      choline release.

PMID- 4019490
TI  - Mechanism of inhibition of polypeptide chain initiation in heat-shocked Ehrlich
      cells involves reduction of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F activity.
AB  - Almost all living organisms studied respond to elevated temperature with a marked
      inhibition of overall protein synthesis but increased synthesis of a specific set
      of proteins, the so-called heat-shock proteins. We have prepared a cell-free
      protein synthesizing system (lysate) from heat-shocked Ehrlich ascites tumor
      cells that reflects the inhibition of protein synthesis in intact cells at
      elevated temperatures. We have isolated and partially purified a stimulator of
      the heat-shocked cell lysate from Ehrlich cells. Through four purification steps,
      the stimulator is chromatographically identical to eukaryotic initiation factor
      4F (eIF-4F), an initiation factor which specifically binds mRNA cap structure.
      Therefore, we have tested the effects of highly purified reticulocyte eIF-4F on
      the heat-shocked cell lysate. Protein synthesis is strongly stimulated by
      addition of highly purified eIF-4F. Synthesis in the heat-shocked lysate is more
      inhibited at high (70 mM) KCl concentrations, than at lower concentrations, and
      stimulation by eIF-4F is correspondingly greater at higher KCl concentrations, so
      that the rate of protein synthesis is returned to control (non-heat-shocked
      lysate) levels at all KCl concentrations. Furthermore, at 70 mM KCl, in heat
      shocked lysates, synthesis of the 68-kDa heat-shock protein is much less
      inhibited than synthesis of the bulk of non-heat-shock proteins, and eIF-4F
      stimulates synthesis of 68-kDa protein to a much lesser extent than non-heat
      shock proteins. Thus, addition of purified eIF-4F reverses the effects of
      elevated temperatures on Ehrlich cells that are reflected in lysates. Therefore,
      we propose that the inhibition of translation in heat-shocked Ehrlich cells is
      the result of inactivation of eIF-4F function.

PMID- 4019491
TI  - Inosine analogs. Their metabolism in mouse L cells and in Leishmania donovani.
AB  - The growth of Leishmania donovani promastigotes and mouse L cells is
      differentially inhibited by several inosine analogs with modifications in the
      imidazole ring. The protozoal and mammalian cells also demonstrate differential
      metabolism of these analogs. 7-Deazainosine, 7-thia-7,9-dideazainosine, and
      formycin B were converted to their respective ATP analogs by both cell types. 8
      Azainosine was converted to a GTP analog by mouse L cells; L. donovani did not
      metabolize this nucleoside. 9-Deazainosine and allopurinol riboside were
      metabolized only to their respective IMP analogs by L cells. L. donovani
      metabolized 9-deazainosine and allopurinol riboside to their ATP analogs and also
      metabolized 9-deazainosine to its GTP analog. All nucleosides studied were
      resistant to cleavage by either organism. From metabolism studies in the presence
      of a specific enzyme inhibitor, it was deduced that allopurinol riboside,
      formycin B, and 9-deazainosine were phosphorylated by at least two different
      routes in the mouse L cells. The metabolism of formycin B was inhibited 65% by
      the adenosine kinase inhibitor, 5-iodotubercidin, whereas the metabolism of
      allopurinol riboside (14% inhibition) and 9-deazainosine (0% inhibition) was only
      slightly affected by this inhibitor. The metabolism of allopurinol riboside and 9
      deazainosine by L. donovani was not affected by 5-iodotubercidin. In contrast to
      the results of L cells, the metabolism of formycin B by L. donovani was also not
      affected by 5-iodotubercidin. The abilities of mouse L cells and L. donovani to
      metabolize these inosine analogs to the corresponding nucleotide analogs of ATP
      or GTP may be considered to be an activating step and correlates well with the
      respective cytotoxic effects of these compounds.

PMID- 4019492
TI  - Phospholipase A2 sensitivity of uterine smooth muscle membrane phospholipids and
      adenylate cyclase activity. Effect of temperature on the action of phospholipase
      present in excess.
AB  - Basal as well as GTP-dependent adenylate cyclase activity was partially resistant
      to porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2, although more activity was degraded at 16
      than at 2 degrees C. In contrast, isoproterenol-dependent activity was completely
      destroyed regardless of the temperature. Snake venom phospholipase A2 destroyed
      approximately 90% of basal and GTP-dependent adenylate cyclase activity at all
      temperatures. The difference between the lipases is consistent with earlier
      evidence that elevated temperature facilitates the entry of some forms of
      phospholipase into the membrane bilayer. The temperature dependence of adenylate
      cyclase activation by the GTP analog Gpp[NH]p and its pancreatic phospholipase
      sensitivity were compared. The Arrhenius plots were markedly similar and biphasic
      with discontinuities at approximately 8 degrees C. The same temperature-dependent
      phospholipid phase transition might account, therefore, for both adenylate
      cyclase properties. Only small amounts of membrane phosphatidylethanolamine and
      phosphatidic acid were hydrolyzed by pancreatic phospholipase in a temperature
      dependent manner analogous to adenylate cyclase degradation. These results
      suggest that specific phospholipids support catalysis and adenylate cyclase
      activation, but that different phospholipids are required for receptor coupling
      which may occur in a less viscous part of the membrane.

PMID- 4019493
TI  - The refined crystal structure of dimeric phospholipase A2 at 2.5 A. Access to a
      shielded catalytic center.
AB  - The 2.5-A crystal structure of the calcium-free form of the dimeric venom
      phospholipase A2 from the Western Diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox, has
      been refined to an R-factor of 17.8% (I greater than 2 sigma) and acceptable
      stereochemistry. The molecule is a nearly perfect 2-fold symmetric dimer in which
      most of the catalytic residues of both subunits face an internal cavity. The
      restricted access to the putative catalytic sites is especially puzzling as the
      optimal substrates for this and most other phospholipase A2 are phospholipids
      condensed in micellar or lamellar aggregates. We point out that substrate access
      to the internal cavity may be aided by calcium binding which can alter the
      intersubunit contacts that shield the catalytic network. We also suggest that a
      system of hydrogen-bonded moieties exists on the surface of the dimer that links
      the amino terminus to the catalytic system, through an invariant Gln 4 side chain
      and the backbone of the active center residue, Tyr 73. This hydrogen-bonded
      network is on a highly accessible surface of the dimer and would appear to
      contribute to the enzyme's (as opposed to the proenzyme's) special capacity to
      attack aggregated rather than monomeric substrate.

PMID- 4019494
TI  - The complete nucleotide sequence of the Xenopus laevis mitochondrial genome.
AB  - The complete sequence of the 17,553-nucleotide Xenopus laevis mitochondrial
      genome has been determined. A comparison of this amphibian mitochondrial genomic
      sequence with those of the mammalian mitochondrial genomes reveals a similar gene
      order and compact genomic organization. The encoded genes for 22 tRNAs, two
      ribosomal RNAs, and 13 proteins (COI, COII, COIII, ATPase 6, cytochrome b, and
      eight additional unidentified reading frames) in the amphibian mitochondria are
      highly homologous to their mammalian counterparts. Although the amphibian
      mitochondrial genome contains a significantly larger displacement loop region
      than the mammalian mitochondrial genomes, there are several regions of sequence
      homology near the putative sites for heavy and light strand transcription
      initiation and heavy strand replication. The unique mitochondrial genetic code
      observed in the mammalian mitochondrial systems is similar to that of the X.
      laevis mitochondrial genome because of the presence of only 22 encoded tRNAs and
      the high degree of homology between the predicted protein sequences. However, the
      amphibian system exclusively utilizes AUG as the start codon in all 13 open
      reading frames and shows a preference for codons ending in U rather than ending
      in C. In addition, the X. laevis mitochondrial genome employs the encoded AGA
      stop codon once and the UAA stop codon three times and requires polyadenylation
      to provide the nine other UAA stop codons. These observations suggest that the
      mechanisms of replication, transcription, processing, and translation in
      mitochondria are highly conserved throughout higher vertebrates.

PMID- 4019495
TI  - In vivo mobility of fatty acid end groups of Bacillus thuringiensis plasma
      membrane lipids during growth and sporulation.
AB  - The mobility of 13C specifically labeled branched chain end groups of iso-even
      fatty acids in intact, live Bacillus thuringiensis cells was studied by 13C
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This study apparently represents the
      first direct observation of branched chain carbon atoms in living cells. End
      groups were labeled using DL-[beta, delta, delta'-13C]valine as a precursor chain
      initiator for iso-even fatty acid synthesis after using L-[delta, delta'-14C]L
      valine to determine optimal conditions for labeling of the membrane fatty acid
      end groups. Cell survival in the NMR was determined for various lengths of time
      at 28 and 39 degrees C. Subsequently, 13C-labeled vegetative cells, sporulating
      cells (three stages of development), and purified mature spores were analyzed by
      13C NMR using corresponding unlabeled cells as controls. Spin lattice relaxation
      times (T1) were obtained for the enriched iso-branched region at 23.3 ppm and for
      the natural abundance peak for the glycerol backbone (carbons 1 and 3) of the
      membrane lipids at 61.7 ppm. The T1 of the glycerol carbons (0.08 s) did not
      change significantly with stage of development or temperature. The T1 of the iso
      even enriched end group changed dramatically from vegetative cells (0.70s) to
      sporulating cells (0.28 s) at 28 degrees C. A decrease in the T1 was also
      observed at 39 degrees C from 0.91 s for vegetative cells to 0.54 s for
      sporulating cells. Accompanying the reduced mobility indicated by the T1 values,
      there was a general decline in the signal-to-noise ratios of identically acquired
      spectra as sporulation continued which culminated in the lack of discernible
      plasma membrane lipid resonances in purified mature spores. The progressive loss
      of signal appeared to have resulted from a continuous decline in the fraction of
      plasma membrane fatty acids with sufficient mobility to give signals above
      background.

PMID- 4019496
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic data of dienelactone
      hydrolase from Pseudomonas sp. B13.
AB  - Dienelactone hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.45) from Pseudomonas sp. B13 has been
      crystallized in a form suitable for high resolution x-ray diffraction study. The
      crystals are orthorhombic, the space group being P212121, with unit cell
      dimensions a = 48.9 A, b = 71.2 A, and c = 77.5 A. There appears to be 1 molecule
      in the asymmetric unit.

PMID- 4019497
TI  - Comparison of the complexed and free forms of rat liver arginyl-tRNA synthetase
      and origin of the free form.
AB  - Arginyl-tRNA synthetase is found in multiple molecular weight forms in extracts
      from a variety of mammalian tissues. The rat liver enzyme can be isolated either
      as a component of the synthetase complex (Mr greater than 10(6) or as a free
      protein (Mr = 60,000). However, based on activity measurements after sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight of the
      free form differs from its counterpart in the complex (Mr = 72,000). Both forms
      of arginyl-tRNA synthetase cross-react with an antibody directed against the
      complex, and both have similar catalytic properties. Thus, the two proteins have
      similar apparent Km values for arginine and ATP, the same pH optimum, are
      inhibited equally by elevated ionic strength and PPi, and they aminoacylate the
      same population of tRNA molecules. On the other hand, the free and complexed
      forms differ with respect to their apparent Km values for tRNA (free, 4 microM;
      complexed, 28 microM), their temperature sensitivity (complexed greater
      sensitivity), and their hydrophobicity (complexed more hydrophobic). Limited
      proteolysis of the synthetase complex with papain releases a low molecular weight
      form of arginyl-tRNA synthetase whose size, temperature sensitivity, and
      hydrophobicity are similar to that of the endogenous free form. Nevertheless, the
      usual 2:1 ratio of complexed-to-free form of rat liver arginyl-tRNA synthetase is
      not altered by a variety of homogenization or incubation conditions in the
      presence or absence of multiple protease inhibitors. In contrast to extracts of
      rat liver, rabbit liver extracts do not contain a free form of arginyl-tRNA
      synthetase. These results suggest that the complexed and free forms of arginyl
      tRNA synthetase are probably the same gene product and that the free form in rat
      liver extracts is derived from the complexed form by a limited endogenous
      proteolysis that removes the portion of the protein required for anchoring it in
      the complex. The question of whether the free form is an artifact of isolation or
      whether it pre-exists in the cell is discussed.

PMID- 4019498
TI  - Structural characterization and the determination of negative cooperativity in
      the tight binding of 2-carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate to higher plant ribulose
      bisphosphate carboxylase.
AB  - When CO2/Mg2+-activated spinach leaf ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (EC
      4.1.1.39) is incubated with the transition-state analog 2-carboxyarabinitol 1,5
      bisphosphate, an essentially irreversible complex is formed. The extreme
      stability of this quaternary complex has allowed the use of native analytical
      isoelectric focusing, anion-exchange chromatography, and nondenaturing
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to probe the mechanism of the binding process
      and the effects of ligand tight-binding on the structure of the protein molecule.
      Changes in the chromatographic and electrophoretic properties of the enzyme upon
      tight binding of the inhibitor reveal that the ligand induces a conformational
      reorganization which extends to the surface of the protein molecule and, at
      saturation, results in a 16% decrease in apparent molecular weight. Analysis of
      ligand binding by isoelectric focusing shows that (i) incubating the protein with
      a stoichiometric molar concentration of ligand (site basis) results in an
      apparently charge homogeneous enzyme population with an isoelectric point of 4.9,
      and (ii) substoichiometric levels of ligand produce differential effects on each
      of the charge microheterogeneous native enzyme forms. These stoichiometry
      dependent changes in electrofocusing band patterns were employed as a probe of
      cooperativity in the ligand tight-binding process. The tight-binding reaction was
      shown to be negatively cooperative.

PMID- 4019499
TI  - Zn2+-induced cooperativity of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from Aspergillus
      parasiticus.
AB  - Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.17) has been purified from
      Aspergillus parasiticus, a filamentous fungus which produces the polyketide
      mycotoxin, versicolorin A. Its kinetic properties have been compared with those
      of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from the related non-toxin-producing
      fungus, A. niger. Both enzymes are inhibited by divalent transition metals,
      especially Zn2+ and Cd2+, but only the enzyme from A. parasiticus exhibits
      inhibitor-induced cooperative binding of the substrate, fructose-6 phosphate.
      Double reciprocal plots (1/v versus 1/Fru-6-P) are linear in the absence of Zn2+
      but in the presence of Zn2+ are concave upward, with Hill coefficients of 1.5.
      The extent of cooperativity is inversely related to ionic strength, disappearing
      at 100 mM KCl. The enzymes from both organisms are relatively stable to
      incubation at 30 degrees C, but only the enzyme from A. parasiticus is rendered
      thermally unstable by the addition of divalent transition metals. A model is
      proposed to explain how binding of transition metal ions affects substrate
      binding and thermal stability of the enzyme.

PMID- 4019500
TI  - (Cu,Zn)-metallothioneins from fetal bovine liver. Chemical and spectroscopic
      properties.
AB  - Two metallothioneins (MTs) from bovine fetal liver were purified by a combination
      of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The primary structures of the
      isoproteins MT-1 and MT-2 were elucidated by peptide and amino acid sequence
      analysis. The amino-terminal part was deduced from automated Edman degradations
      of the pyridylethylated CNBr-cleaved derivatives. The remaining part of the
      sequence was established by a comparison of the carboxamidomethylated tryptic
      peptides to those from equine liver MT-1A and MT-2B. Peptides differing in either
      amino acid composition or retention time from high pressure liquid chromatography
      were further subjected to manual Edman degradations or carboxypeptidase Y
      digestion. The two isoproteins consist of 61 amino acids and show a sequence
      identity of 90%. When compared with the primary structures of other mammalian
      MTs, the 20 cysteinyl residues are totally conserved, in agreement with their
      function as metal ligands. The two isoproteins contain Cu and Zn at a ratio of
      3:4. Spectroscopic data reveal absorption properties typical for both Cu- and Zn
      thiolate transitions. The marked differences of MT-1 and MT-2 in the Cu-thiolate
      CD features can be attributed to the six amino acid substitutions occurring
      exclusively in the amino-terminal parts of the molecules. It is proposed that in
      bovine fetal MTs also the three copper ions are preferentially bound to the first
      9 cysteinyl residues (cluster B) and the four zinc ions to the remaining 11
      cysteinyl residues (cluster A) suggested previously by 113Cd NMR spectroscopy of
      calf liver MTs (Briggs, R. W., and Armitage, I. M. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257,
      1259-1262).

PMID- 4019501
TI  - In situ cross-linking of androgen receptors to nuclear acceptor sites of rat
      prostate with formaldehyde.
AB  - Androgen receptors were attached covalently in situ to their nuclear acceptor
      sites with the contact site cross-linker, formaldehyde. Chromatin, prepared from
      sonicated nuclei of rat prostate, was labeled by isotope exchange with
      [3H]dihydrotestosterone and found to contain 19,000 +/- 900 (mean +/- S.E.) salt
      extractable androgen receptors/nucleus which sedimented in the 3-4 S region of
      7.6-76% (v/v) glycerol gradients and at a density of approximately 1.28-1.35 g/ml
      in CsCl gradients. After incubation of the chromatin with 0.5% (w/v) formaldehyde
      for 1 h at 4 degrees C, there was a 90% reduction in the concentration of free
      androgen receptors and an increase in the density of the androgen binding sites
      recovered from CsCl gradients. Extensive digestion of the cross-linked chromatin
      with micrococcal nuclease liberated 18% of the androgen receptors as 3-4 S
      entities and caused an overall decrease in the density of the receptor-acceptor
      complexes. Ribonuclease digestions had no effect on the androgen receptors cross
      linked to chromatin. Mild digestion of the cross-linked preparations with
      trypsin, alone or in combination with micrococcal nuclease, resulted in the
      release of 74% and 97% of the androgen receptors, respectively. Together, these
      findings imply that two classes of receptor-acceptor complexes are present in
      prostatic chromatin--one, containing about 20% of the androgen receptors in which
      the receptors are in direct contact with DNA but not with proteins and the other,
      containing most of the androgen receptors in which the receptors are adjacent to
      acceptor proteins but not to DNA.

PMID- 4019502
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase. Probes for
      studies of subunit function.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase were
      produced by the conventional hybridoma cell technique. 90 out of 600 hybridomas
      were found to produce phosphorylase kinase binding antibodies from which only
      five secreted also phosphorylase kinase activity affecting antibodies. Three of
      them were cloned; two hybridomas resisted all cloning efforts. Employing
      immunoblot technique all monoclonal antibodies show cross-reactivity with the
      alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of phosphorylase kinase indicating that similar,
      if not identical, epitopes are present on these three subunits. No cross
      reactivity with delta is observed. Monoclonal antibodies secreted by two clones
      which bind to the alpha subunit stimulate the Ca2+-independent A0 activity of
      phosphorylase kinase more than 30-fold, whereas all other monoclonal antibodies
      obtained are ineffective in this respect. Monoclonal antibodies binding to the
      beta subunit inhibit the Ca2+-dependent activities significantly. Antibody
      produced by one hybridoma binds to the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits with
      approximately the same affinity. Based on the dual function of calmodulin in
      phosphorylase kinase (Hessova, Z., Varsanyi, M., and Heilmeyer, L.M.G., Jr.
      (1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 146, 107-115) we conclude that binding of anti-alpha
      monoclonal antibodies to a regulatory domain in the alpha subunit results in an
      uncoupling of the inhibitory function of the Ca2+-free delta from the holoenzyme
      which leads to a concomitant increase in A0 activity. Furthermore, binding of
      anti-beta monoclonal antibodies to the beta subunit prevents a signal transfer
      from the Ca2+-saturated delta to the catalytic site of the holoenzyme which
      inhibits the Ca2+-dependent activities.

PMID- 4019503
TI  - Pituitary enzyme conversion of putative synthetic oxytocin precursor
      intermediates.
AB  - Neurosecretory granule lysate from bovine posterior pituitary was shown to
      contain both carboxypeptidase B and amidating activities. The former sequentially
      releases COOH-terminal basic residues from the oxytocin biosynthetic precursor
      fragment oxytocinyl-GKR (CYIQNCPLGKR) to form oxytocinyl-GK and then oxytocinyl
      G. The amidating enzyme converts the resulting oxytocinyl-G into oxytocin
      (CYIQNCPLG-NH2). The carboxypeptidase B was separated from a less specific
      carboxypeptidase present in granule lysate by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300.
      Percoll density gradient centrifugation (after preliminary differential
      centrifugation) also yielded granule fractions enriched in the specific
      carboxypeptidase B activity. The carboxypeptidase B which converts the oxytocinyl
      peptides showed a fairly sharp pH dependence with an optimum of 5.5-6, was
      activated by cobalt ion, and was inhibited by cupric ion, EDTA, and a thiol
      protease inhibitor, p-chloromercuribenzoate. The amidating activity which
      converts oxytocinyl-G to oxytocin was competed by degradation due to proteases
      and/or peptidases present in lysate of Percoll gradient-derived granules.
      Oxytocinyl-GKR was shown by analytical affinity chromatography to bind
      noncovalently to neurophysin with an affinity close to that of mature oxytocin.
      This binding activity and the observation of carboxypeptidase B activity in the
      presence of large concentrations of neurophysin are consistent with the view that
      the exoproteolytic processing and amidation steps which occur after initial
      endoproteolysis of pro-oxytocin/neurophysin likely take place on oxytocin
      intermediate peptides which are bound in noncovalent complexes with the
      neurophysin domain from the precursor.

PMID- 4019504
TI  - Reinvestigation of the inhibition of actin polymerization by profilin.
AB  - In buffer containing 50 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 5 mM imidazole, pH 7.5,
      0.1 mM CaCl2, 0.2 mM dithiothreitol, 0.01% NaN3, and 0.2 mM ATP, the KD for the
      formation of the 1:1 complex between Acanthamoeba actin and Acanthamoeba profilin
      was about 5 microM. When the actin was modified by addition of a pyrenyl group to
      cysteine 374, the KD increased to about 40 microM but the critical concentration
      (0.16 microM) was unchanged. The very much lower affinity of profilin for
      modified actin explains the anomalous critical concentrations curves obtained for
      5-10% pyrenyl-labeled actin in the presence of profilin and the apparently weak
      inhibition by profilin of the rate of filament elongation when polymerization is
      quantified by the increase in fluorescence of pyrenyl-labeled actin. Light
      scattering assays of the polymerization of unmodified actin in the absence and
      presence of profilin gave a similar value for the KD (about 5-10 microM) when
      determined by the increase in the apparent critical concentration of F-actin at
      steady state at all concentrations of actin up to 20 microM and by the inhibition
      of the initial rates of polymerization of actin nucleated by either F-actin or
      covalently cross-linked actin dimer. In the same buffer, but with ADP instead of
      ATP, the critical concentration of actin was higher (4.9 microM) and the KD of
      the profilin-actin complex was lower for both unmodified (1-2 microM) and 100%
      pyrenyl-labeled actin (4.9 microM).

PMID- 4019505
TI  - Modification of bovine kidney pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity by CoA
      esters and their mechanism of action.
AB  - The activation of pyruvate dehydrogenasea kinase activity by CoA esters has been
      further characterized. Half-maximal activation of kinase activity was achieved
      with about 1.0 microM acetyl-CoA after a 20-s preincubation in the presence of
      NADH. More than 80% of the acetyl-CoA was consumed during this period in
      acetylating sites in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex as a result of the
      transacetylation reaction proceeding to equilibrium. At 1.0 microM acetyl-CoA,
      this resulted in more than a 4-fold higher level of CoA than residual acetyl-CoA.
      Activation of kinase activity could result either from acetylation of specific
      sites in the complex or tight binding of acetyl-CoA. Removal of CoA enhanced both
      acetylation and activation, suggesting acetylation mediates activation. For
      allosteric binding of acetyl-CoA to elicit activation, an activation constant,
      Ka, less than 50 nM would be required. To further distinguish between those
      mechanisms, the effects of other CoA esters as well as the reactivity of most of
      the effective CoA esters were characterized. Several short-chain CoA esters
      enhanced kinase activity including (in decreasing order of effectiveness) malonyl
      CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and methylmalonyl-CoA. Butyryl-CoA inhibited
      kinase activity as did high concentrations of long-chain acyl-CoAs. Inhibition by
      long-chain acyl-CoAs may result, in part, from detergent-like properties of those
      esters. Malonyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, butyryl-CoA, and methylmalonyl-CoA, obtained
      with radiolabeled acyl groups, were shown to acylate sites in the complex.
      Propionyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA were tested, in competition with acetyl-CoA or
      pyruvate, as alternative substrates for acylation of sites in the complex and as
      competitive effectors of kinase activity. Propionyl-CoA alone rapidly acylated
      sites in the complex at low concentrations, and low concentrations of propionyl
      CoA were effective in activating kinase activity although only a relatively small
      activation was observed. When an equivalent level (20 microM) of acetyl-CoA and
      propionyl-CoA was used, marked activation of kinase activity due to a dominant
      effect of acetyl-CoA was associated with acetylation of a major portion of sites
      in the complex and with a small portion undergoing acylation with propionyl-CoA.
      Those results were rapidly achieved in a manner independent of the order of
      addition of the two CoA esters. That indicates that tight slowly reversible
      binding of acetyl-CoA is not involved in kinase activation. High levels of
      propionyl-CoA greatly reduced acetylation by acetyl-CoA and nearly prevented
      activation of kinase activity by acetyl-CoA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4019506
TI  - Heparin and ionic strength-dependent conversion of antithrombin III from an
      inhibitor to a substrate of alpha-thrombin.
AB  - The stoichiometry of antithrombin III (AT) inhibition of alpha-thrombin (T) has
      been investigated in the presence and absence of heparin as a function of ionic
      strength by quantitative titration of enzyme active sites. In contrast to the
      ionic strength-independent stoichiometry of 1.0 mol of AT/mol of T observed in
      the absence of heparin, the presence of high-affinity heparin (HAH) resulted in
      an ionic strength-dependent increase in the apparent stoichiometry of inhibition
      from a molar ratio of 1.1 AT/T at an ionic strength of 0.3 to 9.8 mol of AT/T
      when the ionic strength was lowered to 0.01. Reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the reaction products revealed that the
      increased AT/T stoichiometry was due to preferential formation of a specific
      proteolytically cleaved form of AT that was indistinguishable from the previously
      characterized reactive site-cleaved AT (ATM). Using high-performance liquid
      chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to
      quantitate ATM, the cleaved inhibitor was shown to be formed rapidly and
      concomitant with the stable thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and
      quantitatively accounted for the apparent increase in reaction stoichiometry at
      low ionic strength in the presence of HAH. The levels of HAH required to produce
      maximum ATM were catalytic at mu greater than or equal to 0.15, but became
      stoichiometric as the ionic strength decreased below 0.1. Substantially less ATM
      was produced in the presence of low-affinity heparin, while a low molecular
      weight HAH, virtually inactive in accelerating T inhibition by AT, was unable to
      promote significant ATM formation. These results indicate competition between
      substrate and inhibition reactions of AT with T which are affected by an ionic
      strength-dependent heparin interaction. A reaction mechanism accounting for these
      observations is proposed.

PMID- 4019507
TI  - Characterization of the kinetic pathway for liberation of fibrinopeptides during
      assembly of fibrin.
AB  - The time dependence of the release of fibrinopeptides from fibrinogen was studied
      as a function of the concentration of fibrinogen, thrombin, and Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro,
      an inhibitor of fibrin polymerization. The release of fibrinopeptides during
      fibrin assembly was shown to be a highly ordered process. Rate constants for
      individual steps in the formation of fibrin were evaluated at pH 7.4, 37 degrees
      C, gamma/2 = 0.15. The initial event, thrombin-catalyzed proteolysis at Arg-A
      alpha 16 to release fibrinopeptide A (kcat/Km = 1.09 X 10(7) M-1s-1) was followed
      by association of the resulting fibrin I monomers. Association of fibrin I was
      found to be a reversible process with rate constants of 1 X 10(6) M-1s-1 and
      0.064 s-1 for association and dissociation, respectively. Assuming random
      polymerization of fibrin I monomer, the equilibrium constant for fibrin I
      association (1.56 X 10(7) M-1) indicates that greater than 80% of the fibrin I
      protofibrils should contain more than 10 monomeric units at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4,
      when the fibrin I concentration is 1.0 mg/ml. Association of fibrin I monomers
      was shown to result in a 6.5-fold increase in the susceptibility of Arg-B beta 14
      to thrombin-mediated proteolysis. The 6.5-fold increase in the observed
      specificity constant from 6.5 X 10(5) M-1s-1 to 4.2 X 10(6) M-1s-1 upon
      association of fibrin I monomers and the rate constant for fibrin association
      indicates that most of the fibrinopeptide B is released after association of
      fibrin I monomers. The interaction between a pair of polymerization sites in
      fibrin I dimer was found to be weaker than the interaction of fibrin I with Gly
      Pro-Arg-Pro and weaker than the interaction of fibrin I with fibrinogen.

PMID- 4019508
TI  - Peroxidase-catalyzed formation of triplet acetone and chemiluminescence from
      isobutyraldehyde and molecular oxygen.
AB  - It has been established that the horseradish peroxidase/O2/isobutyraldehyde
      (IBAL) system leads to triplet acetone and formic acid formation followed by
      phosphorescence of the triplet acetone (see, for example, Bechara, E.J.H., Faria
      Oliveira, O.M.M., Duran, N., Casadei de Baptista, R., and Cilento, G. (1979)
      Photochem. Photobiol. 30, 101-110). In this paper many of the mechanistic details
      are established. The reaction is initiated by the autoxidation of IBAL to form
      the peracid (CH3)2CHC = O(OOH). The peracid converts horseradish peroxidase into
      compound I which in turn is converted into compound II by abstracting the
      alcoholic hydrogen atom from the enol form of IBAL. This creates a free radical
      with two resonance forms. (Formula: see text) Addition of molecular oxygen to the
      latter resonance form creates a peroxy radical which abstracts a hydrogen atom
      near the active site of the enzyme. The newly formed alpha-peroxide in turn forms
      a dioxetane-type of intermediate which rapidly decomposes into triplet acetone
      and formic acid. Compound II reacts with the enol by the same pathway as compound
      I. Thus native horseradish peroxidase is regenerated. The hydrogen atom
      abstraction near the enzyme active site may occur directly from ethanol, present
      to solubilize IBAL or from a group on the enzyme, in which case ethanol
      participates in a repair mechanism. Phosphate buffer is necessary because it
      catalyzes the keto-enol conversion of IBAL. Thus horseradish peroxidase
      participates in a normal peroxidatic cycle. The only chain reaction is the
      uncatalyzed autoxidation of IBAL, most of which occurs prior to the mixing of
      IBAL with the oxygenated horseradish peroxidase solution.

PMID- 4019509
TI  - Differential stereoselectivity of cytochromes P-450b and P-450c in the formation
      of naphthalene and anthracene 1,2-oxides. The role of epoxide hydrolase in
      determining the enantiomer composition of the 1,2-dihydrodiols formed.
AB  - As is the case for cytochrome P-450c, arene 1,2-oxides have been identified as
      initial metabolites when naphthalene and anthracene are oxidized by cytochrome P
      450b in a highly purified, reconstituted system. Overall rates of metabolism by
      cytochrome P-450b are greater than 3-fold and greater than 50-fold lower than the
      respective rates of metabolism by cytochrome P-450c. For both hydrocarbons, the (
      )-(1S,2R)-oxide predominates (74%) with cytochrome P-450b as the terminal
      oxidant, based on trapping the labile arene oxides as N-acetyl-L-cysteine S
      conjugates of known absolute configuration. This result is in marked contrast to
      data obtained with cytochrome P-450c where the (+)-(1R,2S)-oxides predominate (73
      greater than 95%). In the absence of added epoxide hydrolase, the metabolically
      formed arene oxides rapidly isomerize to phenols. Addition of increasing amounts
      of epoxide hydrolase to the incubation medium results in the formation of trans
      1,2-dihydrodiols at the expense of phenols from the common arene oxide
      intermediates. Evaluation of the kinetic parameters (Km and kcat) for the
      hydration of the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of both arene oxides by epoxide
      hydrolase has indicated that the (+)-(1R,2S)-enantiomers exhibit lower values of
      Km (approximately 1 microM) whereas the values of kcat are similar for both
      enantiomers of a given arene oxide. These parameters have allowed construction of
      a mathematical model which predicts the enantiomer composition of the
      dihydrodiols formed from naphthalene in reconstituted systems containing specific
      epoxide hydrolase concentrations. The data reported argue against a selective
      functional coupling mechanism between cytochrome P-450c and epoxide hydrolase in
      the metabolism of naphthalene and anthracene to the 1,2-dihydrodiols.

PMID- 4019510
TI  - Studies of synthetic peptide analogs of the amphipathic helix. Structure of
      complexes with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine.
AB  - The amphipathic helix hypothesis for the lipid-associating domains of
      exchangeable plasma apolipoproteins has been further studied by analysis of the
      structure of the complexes formed between four synthetic peptide analogs of the
      amphipathic helix and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC). Density gradient
      ultracentrifugation, negative stain electron microscopy, nondenaturing gradient
      gel electrophoresis, 1H NMR, high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry,
      and circular dichroism were the techniques used in these studies. The two analogs
      Asp-Trp-Leu-Lys-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Asp-Lys-Val-Ala-Glu-Lys-Leu-Lys-Glu-Ala-Phe (18A) and
      18A-Pro-18A whose sequences most strongly mimic native amphipathic sequences were
      found also most strongly to mimic apolipoprotein A-I in DMPC complex structure.
      The covalently linked dimer of the prototype amphipathic analog 18A, 18A-Pro-18A,
      appears to have greater lipid affinity than 18A. This presumably is the result of
      the cooperativity provided by two covalently linked lipid-associating domains in
      18A-Pro-18A. The studies further suggest that the charge-reversed analog of the
      prototype 18A, reverse-18A, has the lowest lipid affinity of the four analogs
      studied and forms only marginally stable discoidal DMPC complexes. We postulate
      that this low lipid affinity is due predominantly, but not necessarily
      exclusively, to the lack of a hydrophobic contribution of lysine residues at the
      polar-nonpolar interface of reverse-18A versus 18A. The intermediate lipid
      affinity of des-Val10-18A, the fourth analog peptide, to produce a rank order of
      18A-Pro-18A greater than 18A greater than des-Val10-18A greater than reverse-18A,
      supports this interpretation. Des-Val10-18A which has Val deleted from 18A has an
      amphipathic helical structure partially disrupted by the shift of 2 lysine
      residues away from the polar-nonpolar interface.

PMID- 4019511
TI  - Studies of synthetic peptide analogs of the amphipathic helix. Correlation of
      structure with function.
AB  - The four peptide analogs of the amphipathic helix whose interactions with
      dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine were described in the preceding paper were
      compared with apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and A-II in ability to displace native
      apolipoprotein from high density lipoprotein (HDL) and in ability to activate
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The rank order of the ability of the four
      peptide analogs to displace apo-A-I from intact HDL was 18A-Pro-18A greater than
      18A greater than des-Val10-18A greater than reverse-18A, the same order suggested
      in the preceding paper for relative lipid affinities. Modified HDL from which 40%
      of the apo-A-I had been displaced by 18A was indistinguishable from unmodified
      HDL in its ability to act as a lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase substrate.
      This suggests that the easily displaced apo-A-I molecules in polydisperse HDL are
      relatively ineffectual as lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activators and/or
      18A replaces the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity lost. The peptide
      analog 18A-Pro-18A was found to be a powerful activator of lecithin:cholesterol
      acyltransferase when incubated with unilamellar egg phosphatidylcholine (PC)
      vesicles, reaching 140% of the activity of apo-A-I at a 1:1.75 peptide-to-egg PC
      ratio. In another experiment, it was found that discoidal egg PC complexes of 18A
      Pro-18A, 18A, and des-Val10-18A, formed by cholate dialysis, had 30-45% of the
      activity of apo-A-I/egg PC discoidal complexes, also formed by cholate dialysis,
      at the same peptide/lipid weight ratio. Examination of the structures formed when
      the 18A-Pro-18A peptide was incubated with unilamellar egg PC vesicles indicated
      that the ability of 18A-Pro-18A to exceed apo-A-I in lecithin:cholesterol
      acyltransferase activating ability is due to the spontaneous conversion by 18A
      Pro-18A of egg PC vesicles to small protein annulus-bilayer disc structures. Apo
      A-I, apo-A-II, nor any of the other three peptide analogs of the amphipathic
      helix studied were able to convert a significant fraction of egg PC unilamellar
      vesicles to discoidal structures.

PMID- 4019512
TI  - Preliminary crystallographic study of the Fab fragments of two monoclonal anti-2
      phenyloxazolone antibodies.
AB  - We report on the preparation, crystallization, and preliminary x-ray
      crystallographic study of the Fab fragments of two monoclonal anti-2
      phenyloxazolone antibodies obtained from the secondary response to this hapten.
      The Fab fragment from one of these (NQ10/12.5) has been crystallized from
      polyethylene glycol 8000 solutions in a form suitable for high-resolution x-ray
      crystallographic studies. These crystals are monoclinic, space group C2, with a =
      129.2 A, b = 79.4 A, c = 57.7 A, beta = 96.2 degrees, and one Fab/asymmetric
      unit. Determination of the three-dimensional structure of Fab NQ10/12.5 should
      help clarify the role of somatic mutation in the maturation of an immune
      response. This antibody and an anti-lysozyme antibody also under study apparently
      use the same germ-line encoded VK and a similar VH gene, respectively, as the
      idiotypic anti-oxazolone antibodies characteristic of the primary response. A
      comparative study of the two structures should shed light on the role of the
      pairing of heavy and light chains in the antigen-binding function of antibodies.

PMID- 4019513
TI  - Functional size of rat hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase as
      determined by radiation inactivation.
AB  - The functional molecular weight of rat liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
      reductase was determined by radiation inactivation. Both isolated hepatic
      microsomes and primary hepatocytes were irradiated with high energy electrons at 
      135 degrees C, and the residual microsomal enzyme activity was subsequently
      determined. The loss of enzyme activity in both irradiated microsomes and
      microsomes isolated from irradiated hepatocytes followed a single exponential
      decay which corresponded to a molecular mass of 200 kDa. This minimal molecular
      size of the functional enzyme was unaffected by either addition of cholestyramine
      to the rat diet or addition of 25-hydroxycholesterol plus mevalonate to the
      isolated rat hepatocytes. In addition, surviving enzyme protein was determined by
      immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled enzyme from hepatocytes that had been
      incubated with [35S]methionine before irradiation. The target size for loss of
      the monomer subunits was 98 kDa. The simplest interpretation of these results is
      that rat liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in situ is a
      noncovalently linked dimer of the Mr = 97,200 enzyme subunit.

PMID- 4019514
TI  - Isolation and reconstitution of the n-butylmalonate-sensitive dicarboxylate
      transporter from rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - The mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier has been substantially purified from rat
      liver mitoplasts by extraction with Triton X-114 in the presence of cardiolipin
      followed by chromatography on hydroxylapatite. Upon incorporation of the
      hydroxylapatite eluate into phospholipid vesicles, an n-butylmalonate-sensitive
      malonate/malate exchange has been demonstrated. This exchange activity is
      enhanced 226-fold relative to the starting material (i.e. detergent-extracted
      mitoplasts). Silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gels
      verify the high purity of this fraction relative to the starting material.
      Nonetheless, the banding pattern indicates that several protein species are still
      present. As isolated, the dicarboxylate transporter is rather unstable but can be
      stabilized either by the addition of 10% ethylene glycol and subsequent storage
      at -20 degrees C or by incorporation into phospholipid vesicles in the presence
      of malate followed by freezing in liquid nitrogen. Such proteoliposomes catalyze
      a [14C]malonate uptake which is characterized by a first order rate constant of
      1.02 min-1 and a t 1/2 of 41 s. This uptake can be inhibited by dicarboxylates
      (e.g. succinate, malate, unlabeled malonate) but not by either alpha
      ketoglutarate or by tricarboxylates (e.g. citrate, threo-Ds-isocitrate).
      Furthermore, the reconstituted malonate transport is dependent on internal malate
      and can be inhibited by n-butylmalonate, mersalyl, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and
      Pi, but not by N-ethylmaleimide. It is concluded that this highly purified
      fraction contains a reconstitutively active dicarboxylate transporter which,
      based on its substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity, appears to be
      identical to the native dicarboxylate transport system found in intact rat liver
      mitochondria.

PMID- 4019515
TI  - Changes in protein phosphorylation during the cell cycle of Chinese hamster ovary
      cells.
AB  - The phosphorylation patterns of proteins were examined during the cell cycle of
      Chinese hamster ovary cells. This was accomplished by labeling synchronized cells
      at various times with [32P]orthophosphate and separating the proteins by both
      isoelectric focusing and nonequilibrium pH gradient two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. The most dramatic changes occurred during late G2/M when
      approximately eight proteins (including vimentin, lamin B, and histones 1 and 3)
      showed increased phosphorylation. Ten other proteins appeared to be uniquely
      phosphorylated during late G2/M. Of these 10 proteins, seven were no longer
      phosphorylated shortly after mitosis. There is also at least one protein which
      showed a relative decrease in phosphorylation during late G2/M.

PMID- 4019516
TI  - Primary structure of human plasma fibronectin. Characterization of a 31,000
      dalton fragment from the COOH-terminal region containing a free sulfhydryl group
      and a fibrin-binding site.
AB  - The 31-kDa domain of human plasma fibronectin has been completely characterized.
      This fragment is located at the COOH-terminal end of the molecule immediately
      preceding the 3-kDa interchain disulfide-containing peptide. The 31-kDa domain
      was obtained after trypsin digestion of fibronectin and purified by affinity
      chromatography on gelatin- and heparin-Sepharose columns. The fragment eluted in
      the heparin-unbound fraction and was further purified by DEAE-cellulose and high
      performance liquid chromatography. The 31-kDa fragment contained a fibrin-binding
      site (fibrin II site) which was only active at physiological NaCl concentrations
      and therefore differed from that located in the NH2-terminal domain which also
      bound at lower NaCl concentrations. The 31-kDa domain bound to thiopropyl
      Sepharose and was shown to contain a free sulfhydryl group located at position 35
      in the sequence. To determine the complete amino acid sequence of this fragment,
      a trypsin digestion was performed on the reduced and alkylated 31-kDa domain, and
      the 17 resulting peptides were isolated by high performance liquid
      chromatography; their amino acid compositions and amino acid sequences have been
      determined, and the arrangement of peptides was achieved by comparison with the
      sequences deduced from human and rat cDNA clones and with a related plasmic
      fragment from bovine fibronectin. Comparison of these three sequences showed 23
      amino acid differences between human and rat fibronectin and 16 between human and
      bovine fibronectin. This represents a 91 and 94% homology, respectively. An
      interesting finding is that the 31-kDa fragment contains a deletion of 31
      residues when compared to the rat cDNA sequence. This deletion appears to
      represent a species difference since it is due to a shorter mRNA in the case of
      human fibronectin.

PMID- 4019517
TI  - Regulation of protein phosphorylation of the intermediate-sized filament vimentin
      in the ciliary epithelium of the mammalian eye.
AB  - The intermediate-sized filaments of vimentin-type (Mr = 57,000) have been
      identified biochemically and immunochemically as a major cytoskeleton component
      in the ciliary epithelium of the mammalian eye. When human or rabbit ciliary
      processes, or cultured ciliary epithelial-derived cells were incubated in serum
      free medium containing [32P]orthophosphate and any of the following agents: 1)
      beta-adrenergic agonists (isoproterenol or epinephrine), 2) direct activators of
      adenylate cyclase (cholera toxin or forskolin), 3) analogs of cyclic AMP (8-Br
      cAMP), or 4) prostaglandin E1, the phosphorylation of vimentin was significantly
      enhanced. The maximal enhancement ranged, in vivo and in vitro, from about 3-fold
      in human to 5-fold in rabbit, with either 1 mM 8-Br-cAMP or 0.1 microM forskolin.
      Phosphorylation of vimentin increased in the presence of beta-adrenergic agonists
      and could be blocked by the antiglaucoma beta-adrenergic antagonist timolol. The
      alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine had no effect on phosphorylation of
      vimentin. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using a monoclonal antibody,
      anti-vimentin, allowed the localization of vimentin filaments in cultured ciliary
      epithelial cells. Treatment of these cells in culture with the catecholamine
      hormone, isoproterenol (1 microM), resulted in a profound reorganization of
      vimentin filaments. This may be correlated with the enhanced levels of
      phosphorylated vimentin observed upon increasing cellular cyclic AMP.

PMID- 4019518
TI  - Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase synthesis by a non
      sterol mevalonate-derived product in Mev-1 cells. Apparent translational control.
AB  - A somatic cell mutant (Mev-1) auxotrophic for mevalonate by virtue of a complete
      lack of detectable 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase
      activity has been shown to demonstrate a requirement for a non-sterol mevalonate
      derived product for regulation of synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase. A comparison of
      the effects of 25-hydroxycholesterol and the combination of 25-hydroxycholesterol
      and mevalonate on HMG-CoA reductase activity, synthesis, and mRNA levels in Mev-1
      is presented in this report. The results show a close correlation between
      activity, rate of synthesis, and mRNA levels for Mev-1 cells treated with 25
      hydroxycholesterol alone. Under the conditions of these experiments these effects
      are relatively small (approximately a 4-fold decrease). A much larger inhibition
      of HMG-CoA reductase activity and rate of synthesis (approximately 50-fold) is
      observed upon treatment of Mev-1 cells with a combination of 25
      hydroxycholesterol and mevalonate. Yet, under these conditions mRNA levels are
      still reduced by only a factor of 4. These results are interpreted to suggest
      that the non-sterol mevalonate-derived regulatory product of HMG-CoA reductase
      acts by a translational control mechanism.

PMID- 4019519
TI  - On the multiplicity of rat liver glutathione S-transferases.
AB  - Rat liver glutathione S-transferases have been purified to apparent
      electrophoretic homogeneity by S-hexylglutathione-linked Sepharose 6B affinity
      chromatography and CM-cellulose column chromatography. At least 11 transferase
      activity peaks can be resolved including five Yb size homodimeric isozymes, two
      Yc size homodimeric isozymes, one Ya homodimeric isozyme, one Y alpha homodimeric
      isozyme, and two Ya-Yc heterodimeric isozymes. Distribution of the GSH peroxidase
      activity among the CM-cellulose column fractions suggests the existence of
      further multiplicity in this isozyme family. Substrate specificity patterns of
      the Yb subunit isozymes revealed a possibility that each of the five Yb
      containing isozymes is composed of a different homodimeric Yb size subunit
      composition. Our findings on the increasing multiplicity of glutathione S
      transferase isozymes are consistent with the notion that multiple isozymes of
      overlapping substrate specificities are required to detoxify a multitude of
      xenobiotics in addition to serving other important physiological functions.

PMID- 4019520
TI  - Stimulation by epinephrine of the membrane transport of long chain fatty acid in
      the adipocyte.
AB  - In isolated rat adipocytes, epinephrine rapidly stimulates the transport of long
      chain fatty acid across the plasma membrane. At a concentration of unbound oleate
      of 0.1 microM ([fatty acid]/[albumin] = 1) and 5 min exposure to the hormone, the
      minimal effective concentration of epinephrine is 0.03 and the optimal
      concentration 0.3 microM (0.01 and 0.1 microgram/ml). The stimulated rates are 5
      10-fold the basal rate of influx or efflux. The hormone effect is on the
      transport process specifically as shown by isolation of the product of transport
      in either direction as unesterified fatty acid and inhibition by the transport
      inhibitors phloretin and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. This
      effect of epinephrine on transport coordinates physiologically with lipase
      activation to bring about fatty acid release from adipose tissue.

PMID- 4019521
TI  - Why does Coomassie Brilliant Blue R interact differently with different proteins?
      A partial answer.
AB  - Dimethyl sulfoxide was found to be effective for extraction of Coomassie
      Brilliant Blue R-250 (Coomassie R) from stained proteins on polyacrylamide gel
      slices. A good correlation was found between the ability of different proteins to
      bind Coomassie R and their capacity for interaction with Coomassie Brilliant Blue
      G-250 (Coomassie G) in solution. Scatchard analysis showed that the number of
      Coomassie R ligands bound to each protein molecule is approximately proportional
      to the number of positive charges on the protein, about 1.5-3 dye
      molecules/charge.

PMID- 4019522
TI  - The phosphate diester linkage of the peptidoglycan polysaccharide moieties of
      Micrococcus lysodeikticus cell wall.
AB  - The external polysaccharide is a major component of Micrococcus lysodeikticus
      cell wall and displays distinct composition. The complete structure of the
      external polysaccharide had been elucidated as a basis for investigation of the
      cell wall structure-function relation. However, the mode of attachment of the
      polysaccharide to the peptidoglycan through a phosphodiester was not clear due to
      limitations in structural and biosynthetic studies. The present study describes
      purification of a lysozyme-resistant nondialyzable high-molecular-weight fragment
      of cell wall and identifies the sugar, D-glucose, as the point of external
      polysaccharide attachment to the peptidoglycan through a phosphate diester.
      Kinetic studies for the acid-catalyzed release of external polysaccharide from
      the peptidoglycan were performed in parallel with synthetic [methyl-2-acetamido-3
      O-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-2-deoxy-alpha-D- glucopyranoside-6-yl]-alpha-D
      glucopyranosyl phosphate and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate and showed the
      presence of a phosphodiester linkage between external polysaccharide and
      peptidoglycan. In addition, type of phosphate residue and cross-linking between
      muramic acid and protein part have been determined.

PMID- 4019523
TI  - Interaction of peristaltic flow with pulsatile flow in a circular cylindrical
      tube.
AB  - The effect of pulsatile flow on peristaltic transport in a circular cylindrical
      tube is analysed. The flow of a Newtonian viscous incompressible fluid in a
      flexible circular cylindrical tube on which an axisymmetric travelling sinusoidal
      wave is imposed, is considered. The initial flow in the tube is induced by an
      arbitrary periodic pressure gradient. A perturbation solution with amplitude
      ratio (wave amplitude/tube radius) as a parameter is obtained when the frequency
      of the travelling wave and that of the imposed pressure gradient are equal. The
      interaction effects of periodic wall induced flow and periodic pressure imposed
      flow are visualized through the presence of substantially different components of
      steady and higher harmonic oscillating flow in the first order flow solution.
      Numerical results show a strong variation of steady state velocity profiles with
      boundary wave number and Reynolds number and a strong phase shift behaviour of
      the flow in the radial direction.

PMID- 4019524
TI  - A microcomputer controlled snow ski binding system--I. Instrumentation and field
      evaluation.
AB  - This paper presents the design and field evaluation of the first microcomputer
      controlled ski binding system. This system incorporates an Intel 8086
      microcomputer controller and an integral binding/dynamometer. This
      instrumentation system not only undertakes real time control, but also it records
      dynamometer data via a miniature digital cassette tape recorder. The integral
      binding/dynamometer offers the same operational and mounting convenience of
      commercially available mechanical bindings. The binding may be released either
      manually or electrically via the controller. Comprised of four octagonal half
      strain rings, the strain gage dynamometer measures the three moment load
      components at the boot. To enable the user to conveniently operate the computer,
      extensive operating software was developed. The operating software is discussed
      in relation to both the acquisition and storage of data from the dynamometer and
      the control of the electro-mechanical snow ski binding. The binding system has
      been used successfully to both record boot moment components and control ski
      binding release during actual skiing maneuvers. Moment histories typical of three
      common recreational skiing maneuvers are presented.

PMID- 4019525
TI  - A microcomputer controlled snow ski binding system--II. Release decision
      theories.
AB  - A hierarchy of release decision theories for both tibia fracture and knee
      ligamentous injury are defined and simulated on a computer. Moment loading data,
      recorded during actual skiing by the microcomputer-based ski binding system
      described in Part I, are processed by the various release decision theories. At
      the bottom of the hierarchy is the simplest theory which treats boot loading as
      quasi-static and compares moment components to threshold levels. Another stage of
      the hierarchy defines an analytic expression for a combined loading failure
      locus. Note that this is the first formulation of a combined loading release
      decision theory. Yet another stage of the hierarchy computes bone moments via
      dynamic system leg models. The various release decision theories are evaluated by
      comparing processed results to both pain and bone failure limits. For the data
      generated by the field tests conducted to date, the simplest release decision
      theory satisfied the retention requirement for pain limits in the presence of
      muscle activity for both torsion and forward bending. For pain limits in the
      absence of muscle activity the retention requirement was not satisfied however.
      Another result is that leg dynamics are significant. A final result is that
      combined loading considerations lead to a more conservative theory.

PMID- 4019526
TI  - A new method for finite element simulation of orthodontic appliance-teeth
      periodontium-alveolus system.
AB  - This paper describes a new simulation method to analyze the initial behavior of
      the total system comprising orthodontic appliance, teeth, and their supporting
      structures. It is based on a finite element method which additionally takes
      account of a rotational degree of freedom. Beam and rod elements are used for
      finite element idealization of orthodontic appliance. Through spring elements it
      is connected with the teeth supported by the alveolar structures. The technique
      of 'initial strain' is introduced so as to analyze the effects of a gable bend
      and activation on the force system which is delivered by the orthodontic
      appliance. As compared with the photoelastic technique hitherto used, this method
      serves to investigate systematically and quantitatively the initial aspect of
      orthodontic tooth movement.

PMID- 4019527
TI  - Fatigue of immature baboon cortical bone.
AB  - Strain-controlled uniaxial fatigue and monotonic tensile tests were conducted on
      turned femoral cortical bone specimens obtained from baboons at various ages of
      maturity. Fatigue loading produced a progressive loss in stiffness and an
      increase in hysteresis prior to failure, indicating that immature primate
      cortical bone responds to repeated loading in a fashion similar to that
      previously observed for adult human cortical bone. Bone fatigue resistance under
      this strain controlled testing decreased during maturation. Maturation was also
      associated with an increase in bone dry density, ash fraction and elastic
      modulus. The higher elastic modulus of more mature bone meant that these
      specimens were subjected to higher stress levels during testing than more
      immature bone specimens. Anatomical regions along the femoral shaft exhibited
      differences in strength and fatigue resistance.

PMID- 4019528
TI  - Predominant sensitivity to tyramine in the isolated intermediate auricular artery
      of the dog.
AB  - Using a steel cannula inserting method, the action of tyramine on segments of
      similar size from isolated intermediate auricular and mesenteric arteries of the
      dog was investigated. In intermediate auricular arteries, intra-luminally
      administered tyramine caused strong vasoconstriction, i.e. the threshold dose for
      inducing constriction was about 0.03 to 0.1 micrograms and at a dose of 3
      micrograms the tyramine-induced increase in perfusion pressure was usually more
      than 200 mm Hg. On the other hand, in mesenteric arteries, tyramine caused only a
      small increase in perfusion pressure, i.e. the threshold dose was about 1 to 3
      micrograms and the maximum level of the increase in perfusion pressure was only
      15 to 30 mm Hg even at the large dose of 100 micrograms. The tyramine-induced
      constriction was blocked by pretreatment with imipramine. Potassium chloride
      induced constriction was not inhibited by imipramine in doses which markedly
      suppressed tyramine-induced responses. Imipramine failed to potentiate the
      effects of noradrenaline but rather suppressed them in a dose-related manner in
      both arteries. In intermediate auricular arteries from reserpine-pretreated dogs,
      the effect of tyramine was attenuated whilst that of noradrenaline was
      significantly enhanced. Both arterial preparations responded well to periarterial
      electrical nerve stimulation but at lower stimulus frequencies, intermediate
      auricular arteries were more responsive than mesenteric arteries. It is suggested
      that the intermediate auricular artery of the dog has predominant sensitivity to
      intraluminally administered tyramine which may be related to the role of this
      vessel in the regulation of cutaneous blood flow.

PMID- 4019529
TI  - Neuronal dopamine receptors of the rabbit ear artery: pharmacological
      characterization of the receptor.
AB  - Dopamine and apomorphine were examined in the rabbit isolated perfused ear artery
      for both direct effects on vascular smooth muscle and effects on the response to
      field stimulation of sympathetic nerve terminals. The neuroinhibitory effect of
      both dopamine (EC50 = 37 nM) and apomorphine (EC50 = 44 nM) occurred at
      concentrations which did not produce vasoconstriction. The neuroinhibitory effect
      of dopamine was shown to be due to inhibition of noradrenaline release by
      measurement of 3H-overflow from prelabelled tissues. At relatively high
      concentrations dopamine produced vasoconstriction. In a superfused segment of ear
      artery, dopamine was found to be a full agonist at the alpha 1-adrenoreceptor,
      with an EC50 (15 microM) about 75 fold higher than the EC50 for noradrenaline. At
      concentrations up to 3 microM, apomorphine had no vasoconstrictor activity in the
      perfused ear artery. Representative examples of several classes of dopamine
      antagonists, including the phenothiazines, butyrophenones,
      diphenylbutylpiperidines and benzamides produced competitive antagonism of
      dopamine or apomorphine-induced inhibition, with nearly identical Kb values
      against these two agonists. The pharmacological characteristics of the neuronal
      dopamine receptor on the rabbit ear artery would indicate this receptor to be
      typical of the D2 subclass, and this tissue to be a useful model for quantitative
      studies on dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists.

PMID- 4019530
TI  - Late dislocations in patients with Charnley total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - I analyzed the cases of thirty-two patients in whom a Charnley total hip
      arthroplasty had dislocated for the first time between five and ten years
      postoperatively. I evaluated the possible factors that caused the late
      dislocations. Most of the factors were similar to those that were also present in
      a control group of patients who had had an arthroplasty that had not dislocated
      and in a group in which dislocation had occurred at variable times
      postoperatively. Two significant factors did emerge. First, the patients with
      late dislocation had a greater range of motion, especially in flexion, than those
      in the two control groups. Second, the acetabular component showed radiographic
      evidence of loosening in more of the patients in the group with late dislocation
      than in either of the control groups. I postulated, but did not prove, that
      stretching of the pseudocapsule of the hip over time and extremes of motion may
      lessen soft-tissue constraints and allow for late dislocation.

PMID- 4019531
TI  - A combination pelvic osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia in children.
AB  - Several surgical procedures have been devised to increase acetabular coverage of
      the femoral head in children with dysplasia of the hip. In this report we
      describe an acetabuloplasty that combines the key aspects of the Pemberton and
      Salter osteotomies. It has been used at the Los Angeles Unit of the Shriners
      Hospital for Crippled Children since the late 1960's. To assess the results of
      this combination procedure, fifty hips in forty-four children were evaluated at
      an average of six years postoperatively. The average age at operation was 7.3
      years, and 62 per cent of the patients had had prior surgery. Clinically, thirty
      two hips in which there had been no or slight symptoms preoperatively remained
      unchanged, twelve that had had preoperative limitations improved, and six showed
      some deterioration in terms of slight loss of motion, mild pain, and a limp.
      Roentgenographically, acetabular dysplasia (as measured by the acetabular index
      and by the center-edge angle of Wiberg) improved in more than 90 per cent of the
      hips. The roentgenographic results were comparable with those obtained by
      innominate or pericapsular osteotomy. The combination osteotomy has the
      advantages of both the Pemberton procedure and the Salter operation and proved to
      be an excellent surgical procedure for older children whose acetabular
      development did not progress as well as was expected.

PMID- 4019532
TI  - Fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children.
AB  - I conducted a clinical review of thirty-nine fractures of the lateral condyle of
      the humerus in children and drew the following conclusions: (1) epiphyseal arrest
      is rare (it occurred in only one patient, despite malreduction in ten), and (2)
      fishtail deformity of the distal part of the humerus occurs commonly when
      malreduction is present. Only two poor results were encountered, both in patients
      in whom the reduction was grossly inadequate.

PMID- 4019533
TI  - Internal fixation of fractures and non-unions of the humeral shaft. Indications
      and results in a multi-center study.
AB  - We performed ninety-six internal-fixation procedures for fracture or non-union of
      the humeral shaft in eighty-four patients, with a mean follow-up of 32.6 months
      (range, three months to fourteen years). The primary indications for operative
      intervention included humeral shaft fracture in a patient with multiple trauma,
      non-union, inadequate reduction of a humeral shaft fracture by closed methods,
      pathological humeral-shaft fracture, and progressive radial-nerve palsy. Methods
      of internal fixation included compression plates and screws and intramedullary
      Kuntscher nails or Rush rods. The use of an AO/ASIF compression plate or
      interfragmentary lag screws with an AO/ASIF neutralization plate in twenty-seven
      multiply-injured patients resulted in a union rate of 100 per cent and generally
      good motion of the shoulder and elbow. Five multiply-injured patients also
      obtained good results through fixation by a modified Hackethal technique using
      two Rush rods. The use of intramedullary Kuntscher nails resulted in a rate of
      union of 91 per cent in eleven multiply injured patients. Ten patients with non
      union of a humeral shaft fracture had an 80 per cent rate of union with the use
      of an AO/ASIF compression plate. The use of a Kuntscher nail in eleven patients
      with non-union resulted in a rate of union of only 73 per cent and frequently
      caused subacromial impingement. Fractures of the humeral shaft that had had an
      inadequate reduction by closed means or were associated with progressive radial
      nerve palsy were best managed by a compression plate or the modified Hackethal
      technique.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019534
TI  - Intraspinal synovial cyst causing sciatica.
AB  - Four patients who had low-back pain and sciatica were diagnosed as having a
      lumbar intraspinal extradural synovial cyst adjacent to a facet joint between the
      fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. The patients ranged in age from forty-nine to
      seventy-one years, and the symptoms and signs involved the fourth or fifth lumbar
      nerve roots. Roentgenographically, degeneration of the intervertebral discs and
      facet joints was noted in every patient. Degenerative spondylolisthesis was also
      a frequent finding. Myelography and computed tomographic scans aided in
      diagnosis, revealing a soft-tissue lesion, occasionally rimmed with
      calcification, adjacent to the involved facet joint. The treatment was surgical
      excision of the cyst, as well as complete laminectomy if there was concomitant
      spinal stenosis. Follow-up, ranging from eighteen to twenty-five months, revealed
      complete resolution of the sciatica in all patients.

PMID- 4019535
TI  - Treatment of trapezius paralysis.
AB  - Trapezius paralysis is a painful, disabling problem. Eighteen patients with
      trapezius paralysis were evaluated and initially treated conservatively. Nine
      patients had had a misdiagnosis prior to evaluation and only one patient was
      successfully treated conservatively. Ten patients underwent operative
      reconstruction, consisting of transfer of the levator scapulae and rhomboid
      muscles. Seven patients were followed for more than two years, and they had five
      excellent results, one satisfactory result, and one unsatisfactory result. All
      patients had improved function and correction of deformity, and six patients had
      good pain relief.

PMID- 4019536
TI  - Brachial neuritis.
AB  - Brachial neuritis is an unusual syndrome of unknown etiology that can be confused
      with other causes of pain or weakness, or both, of the shoulder and arm. It is
      important to distinguish this disorder because of its dramatic symptoms and
      relatively good prognosis. Sharp pain, usually in the elbow or shoulder, marks
      the onset of brachial neuritis, but is relatively short-lived. Weakness generally
      occurs as the pain is subsiding and most frequently involves the deltoid,
      spinati, serratus anterior, biceps, and triceps. Paresthesias, atrophy, and
      sensory loss are inconstant features. Electromyographic findings of fibrillation
      potentials and positive waves characteristically are found in a pattern
      indicating combined nerve-root and peripheral nerve involvement. Electromyography
      more frequently than clinical examination shows that the lesion is bilateral, and
      also is of both diagnostic and prognostic value. Other laboratory studies serve
      only to exclude other causes of shoulder pain. The clinical course is variable,
      but in 90 per cent of patients complete recovery occurs within three years.
      Recurrences are uncommon.

PMID- 4019537
TI  - Salvage of replanted parts of the upper extremity.
AB  - Twelve patients with fifteen replanted parts had vascular exploration in order to
      salvage the replantation after impending failure developed. Arterial occlusion
      only was found in eleven parts, while arterial and venous occlusion was found in
      the other four. Vein grafts were used in ten parts, with success in eight.
      Thrombectomy was done in six, with success in only one. It was possible to
      salvage nine of the fifteen replanted parts. The best results were obtained when
      the revision was done within eleven hours after the replantation.

PMID- 4019538
TI  - Tarsal and carpal coalition and symphalangism of the Fuhrmann type. Report of a
      family.
AB  - We are reporting on fifteen members of a five-generation family (sixty-three
      members) who had an autosomal dominant osseous disorder that was characterized by
      tarsal and carpal coalition, symphalangism, short first metacarpals, and
      abnormalities of the elbow, including humeroradial fusion. This family is similar
      to the one reported by Fuhrmann et al.

PMID- 4019539
TI  - Giant-cell tumor of bone with pulmonary metastases.
AB  - We reviewed the cases of seven patients with histologically benign primary giant
      cell tumor of bone and histologically proved metastases to the lung. All seven
      had a Stage-3, aggressive, benign lesion with interruption of the cortex and soft
      tissue extension. The main histological features of the primary lesion were
      identical to those of the pulmonary metastases. In only one of the seven patients
      were the metastases detected simultaneously with the primary lesion. All seven
      patients were treated by surgical resection of the lung nodules and chemotherapy.
      Of the seven patients, four were alive and free of disease after an average
      follow-up of nine years; two were receiving chemotherapy; and one, who had had
      immunosuppression for an allograft transplant, died less than one year after the
      discovery of the pulmonary lesions. Based on this small series, we concluded that
      patients with a Stage-3 giant-cell tumor of bone may be at risk for pulmonary
      spread of the disease. This lesion, with its benign histological picture even in
      lung lesions, has a favorable prognosis when treated with pulmonary resection of
      the nodules. However, the role for chemotherapy after pulmonary surgery is still
      unclear.

PMID- 4019540
TI  - Rib perichondrial grafts for the repair of full-thickness articular-cartilage
      defects. A morphological and biochemical study in rabbits.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of perichondrial grafts in
      articular cartilage defects and to characterize the newly formed cartilage. In a
      rabbit model, rib perichondrium was used to repair full-thickness defects in the
      femoral condyle. The quality of repair was then evaluated histologically and
      biochemically at six and twelve weeks after grafting. Unacceptable results were
      obtained in 50 per cent of the rabbits. These failures were due to condylar
      fracture in 20 per cent, failure of graft attachment in 20 per cent, and
      infection in 10 per cent. The technique of grafting must be improved to increase
      the percentage of successful grafts in which neocartilage with a relatively
      normal chemical composition fills the articular cartilage defect. Successful
      grafts proliferate to fill the full-thickness defect with neocartilage, which has
      biochemical characteristics that are similar to those of hyaline cartilage.

PMID- 4019541
TI  - Cephalosporins for prophylaxis in operative repair of femoral fractures. Levels
      in serum, muscle, and hematoma.
AB  - We conducted a prospective controlled study of thirty patients who had an open
      reduction with internal fixation of a closed fracture of the femur. Each patient
      received cefamandole, cefazolin, or cefoxitin intravenously (twenty-five
      milligrams per kilogram of body weight) on entry into the operating room.
      Intraoperatively, samples of blood, muscle, and organizing hematoma were
      collected for determination of levels of the antimicrobial agent. Throughout the
      operation, cefazolin was shown to result in significantly higher levels in serum.
      The mean concentrations in muscle were similar for all three drugs, but the
      levels in the hematoma were twice as high with cefazolin as with cefamandole or
      cefoxitin. No correlation was evident between the concentration of any of these
      antibiotics in the hematoma and the interval between injury and operation.

PMID- 4019542
TI  - The clinicopathological spectrum of non-tuberculous mycobacterial osteoarticular
      infections.
AB  - We studied the clinicopathological features of eight patients in whom a non
      tuberculous mycobacterium was unexpectedly isolated from osteoarticular material
      obtained at operation. Three distinct types of infection with non-tuberculous
      mycobacteria were found: tenosynovitis, synovitis, and osteomyelitis. Tissue
      specimens from these sites showed a spectrum of pathological findings, including
      (1) virtually no inflammation, (2) mild to severe non-specific chronic
      inflammation, (3) granulomas without necrosis, and (4) caseating epithelioid
      granulomas that were indistinguishable from those of tuberculosis. In six
      patients the infection responded well to adequate surgical excision alone. In the
      remaining two the infection responded to surgical intervention and
      antituberculous therapy.

PMID- 4019544
TI  - Femoral fracture following hip arthroplasty. Brief note on treatment.

PMID- 4019543
TI  - Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using the plantaris tendon.
AB  - The plantaris tendon was used to reconstruct the torn lateral ligaments in the
      ankles of nine patients in whom surgical repair of the ligaments was not
      feasible. All of these patients were followed for more than two years and were
      able to return to their preoperative occupational and athletic activities. The
      use of the plantaris tendon permits an anatomical reconstruction of the lateral
      ligaments and, unlike previously described procedures, avoids sacrificing the
      dynamic effect of the peroneus brevis muscle in preventing inversion of the foot.

PMID- 4019545
TI  - Acute traumatic bowing of the tibia without fracture. Case report.

PMID- 4019546
TI  - Florid reactive periostitis of the proximal phalanx. Case report.

PMID- 4019547
TI  - Spontaneous regression of osteochondromas. Two case reports.

PMID- 4019548
TI  - Rotator cuff disease of the shoulder.

PMID- 4019549
TI  - The importance of proximal and distal air bronchograms in the management of
      atelectasis.
AB  - Correlation of chest radiographic appearances with concurrent fibreoptic
      bronchoscopy in patients observed while in intensive care, and with lobar or
      multilobar atelectasis due to retained secretions, suggests that three levels of
      air bronchogram can be identified: Proximal: air is visible only to the level of
      the main bronchus, bronchus intermedius or lobar bronchi. Intermediate: air is
      visible down to the segmental bronchi. Distal: air is visible down to the
      subsegmental bronchi or beyond. Proximal or intermediate air bronchograms signify
      accumulation of secretions in central bronchi and indicate the need for
      fibreoptic bronchoscopy to aspirate secretions: a distal air bronchogram
      signifies peripheral bronchial obstruction thus precluding effective fibreoptic
      bronchoscopy; chest physiotherapy is then a more appropriate treatment. The
      proximal air bronchogram may change in extent or definition-sometimes rapidly; a
      receding or an increasingly poorly defined proximal air bronchogram are danger
      signals of centrally accumulating secretions which may lead to respiratory
      arrest.

PMID- 4019550
TI  - Asymmetrical changes in asbestos-related disease.
AB  - The radiographic changes in 200 patients with known or suspected asbestos
      exposure were reviewed. Pleural plaques or thickening, with or without
      calcification, occurred solely or predominantly on the left side in 90, on the
      right side in 32, and equally bilaterally in 44. Asymmetry is common in asbestos
      related disease, and apparently unilateral findings should prompt a search for
      more subtle changes elsewhere.

PMID- 4019552
TI  - Salpingitis isthmica nodosa in female infertility.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the radiologic appearance of
      salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN) in the fallopian tubes of 150 consecutive
      patients having hysterosalpingograms performed almost exclusively for primary and
      secondary infertility. SIN was observed in 13 of these 150 patients. The
      characteristic radiologic features of this condition are minute loculations of
      contrast medium adjacent to the tubal lumen which range in size up to 2 mm in
      diameter and are clustered together over a tubal length of 1 to 2 cm. Although
      the most frequent site of occurrence is in the proximal isthmic portion of the
      tube, there is occasional involvement of the distal isthmus and even the
      interstitial portion of the adjacent uterine cornu. Associated tubal
      abnormalities in this condition such as hydrosalpinx and tubal occlusion help
      explain the increased incidence of tubal pregnancy and infertility in patients
      with SIN.

PMID- 4019551
TI  - Iohexol: a new, nonionic agent in adult peripheral arteriography.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of iohexol, a new nonionic contrast agent, were compared
      with a diatrizoate (Renografin-76) in a double-blind, parallel study of
      peripheral arteriography by femoral puncture in 60 patients. Extra-large field
      serial peripheral arteriography was used and a posterior tibial nerve block was
      applied to all patients in the study. Similar changes in blood chemistry were
      observed following the injection of iohexol and diatrizoate but these changes did
      not require corrective measures. Significantly more patients complained of a
      sensation of severe heat after receiving diatrizoate (38%) than after the
      injection of iohexol (10%) (p = 0.001). Four patients in the diatrizoate group
      experienced one or more adverse reactions, including mild urticaria. Only mild
      nausea was reported by a single patient in the iohexol group. Overall, 100% of
      the studies were diagnostic but more of the radiographs taken after the injection
      of iohexol were rated excellent than after the injection of diatrizoate.

PMID- 4019554
TI  - The cooling effect of tubular liquid flow during radiofrequency heating: the
      "rind" survival hypothesis.
AB  - The influence of flowing blood on temperatures reached in nearby tumor cells
      during localized radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia may be critical for tumor cell
      survival. We have investigated the effect on the temperatures nearby of blood
      flowing in a vessel. Using 13.56 MHz capacitive RF, we heated gel phantoms
      containing a tube through which cooling solution could flow. Our results
      demonstrated a reduction in temperature of the order of 3 degrees C around the
      tube when coolant was flowing, and the cooling pattern correlated with
      theoretical mathematical predictions. Up to 564 joules per minute could be
      removed from the system. Our results suggest the improbability of uniform tumor
      cell killing by RF heating. A scheme for integrating the concepts of physical
      cell damage, biochemical cell damage and peripheral cell survival in a tumor
      nodule is presented.

PMID- 4019553
TI  - The radiologic assessment of iatrogenic urethral injury.
AB  - Iatrogenic urethral injury producing urethral stricture results from urethral
      instrumentation, bladder catheterisation and, rarely, as a result of abdomino
      perineal resection for carcinoma of the rectum. We here record our experience
      with iatrogenic urethral strictures and correlate the site of urethral stricture
      with its etiology. Because our hospital is a referral centre for urethral disease
      our results indicate that iatrogenic urethral injury (40%) is more common than
      previously described. They also indicate that urethral stricture due to
      instrumentation is more common in the bulbomembranous urethra (approximately 80%)
      and that stricture due to catheterisation is more common at the penoscrotal
      junction (approximately 70%). Instrument strictures are usually short and well
      defined. Catheter strictures are generally long and irregular, commonly being
      associated with visualisation of the glands of Littre.

PMID- 4019555
TI  - Hodgkin's disease complicating pregnancy.
AB  - We report our experience in the management of 12 patients with Hodgkin's disease
      associated with pregnancy. Three patients presented in the first trimester;
      pregnancy was interrupted in two. They are alive and well after 8, 14 and 16
      years of follow-up. Two patients presented in the second trimester; they elected
      to continue their pregnancies and both died from progressive disease, one of them
      having refused therapy. The remaining seven patients in the third trimester
      continued pregnancy; they are all alive after five to 11 years of follow-up and
      one is alive with active disease. Two patients received radiotherapy during
      pregnancy. Both had normal outcomes of pregnancy and no fetal abnormalities were
      found. There is no evidence to suggest that either pregnancy affects the course
      of Hodgkin's disease or that Hodgkin's disease affects pregnancy. General rules
      as to how to proceed in patients with Hodgkin's disease complicated by pregnancy
      are described.

PMID- 4019556
TI  - Preliminary report: acetylsalicylic acid therapy in the treatment of
      complications following abdominal radiation.
AB  - A group of 10 patients with complications following pelvic irradiation were
      treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Epithelial ulceration was healed in four
      of six patients and improved in one. Radiation enteritis was decreased or
      abolished in all patients who remained on ASA.

PMID- 4019557
TI  - Estimation of patient age based on plain chest radiographs.
AB  - Patient age is an essential part of a clinical history, but it is not always
      provided by referring physicians. We assessed the ability of four radiologists
      with different levels of expertise (first-year resident to professor emeritus) to
      predict patient age based on postero-anterior and lateral chest radiographs from
      171 patients. All four were able to predict age with a mean error of less than 15
      years, but there were statistically significant differences among them.
      Surprisingly, observer experience did not correlate with accuracy of patient age
      estimation. While many factors probably operate, the estimation of patient age
      relies heavily on "gestalt."

PMID- 4019558
TI  - Pitfalls to avoid: the right paraspinal pseudotumor.
AB  - Fat in the fissure for the ligamentum teres, if abundant and sagittally oriented,
      will outline the right margin of the lateral segment of the left lobe of liver.
      This produces the appearance of a right paraspinal mass on plain abdominal
      radiographs. The nature of the anatomical relationships has been demonstrated
      using computed tomography.

PMID- 4019559
TI  - Aluminum hydroxide gel bezoar--CT diagnosis.
AB  - An obstructing aluminum hydroxide gel bezoar was first recognized on a retrograde
      gastrografin study through an ileostomy. In retrospect, a computed tomographic
      (CT) scan had demonstrated the bezoar as a high density intraluminal mass
      surrounded by somewhat less dense contrast material distending the bowel. A CT
      image of a phantom made of aluminum hydroxide gel surrounded by gastrografin was
      remarkably similar.

PMID- 4019560
TI  - Rapid regional osteolysis from pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 4019561
TI  - [Superior venacavography at the patient's bedside].
AB  - Acute onset of superior vena cava syndrome in critically ill patients, hours
      after cardiac surgery, needs angiographic documentation without delay in order to
      proceed with appropriate treatment. Bedside diagnostic venacavography was done
      for two patients in the surgical intensive care unit with a simple and safe
      method using a central venous catheter already in place.

PMID- 4019562
TI  - Congenital left superior vena cava with absent right superior vena cava: a cause
      of progressive mediastinal widening.
AB  - We wish to report a patient with the rare anomaly of congenital left superior
      vena cava and absent right superior vena cava. This became apparent on chest
      radiographs by the development of a left mediastinal "mass" over a one-year
      period. The role of contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scanning in the
      detection of venous anomalies is stressed.

PMID- 4019563
TI  - Azygous continuation of a left inferior vena cava with a retroaortic right renal
      vein.
AB  - Anomalies of the inferior vena cava, azygous venous system and renal veins may
      take many forms. We report a patient with azygous continuation of a left-sided
      inferior vena cava with an associated retroaortic right renal vein. To our
      knowledge, this is the first such report.

PMID- 4019564
TI  - Resolution of myositis ossificans in a hemophiliac.
AB  - Hemophilic myositis ossificans at the site of previous hemorrhage is a well
      recognised entity. A phenomenon, not previously described, is gradual absorption
      of a well corticated heterotopic bone over a period of five-and-a-half years. We
      here report this happening in a patient.

PMID- 4019565
TI  - Acute bilobar collapse secondary to endobronchial metastatic seminoma.
AB  - We report here a patient with tracheal and endobronchial metastatic seminoma who
      presented with acute respiratory failure with right upper and middle lobe
      collapse. Diagnosis of the etiology of the atelectasis was made by fiberoptic
      bronchoscopy. Radiation therapy caused a marked reversal of the atelectasis.

PMID- 4019566
TI  - Growth dependent cell proliferation kinetics of a human malignant melanoma grown
      in nude mice.
AB  - A human malignant melanoma was grown in nude mice. The tumour showed an
      exponential growth for several weeks which gradually slowed down, until following
      week 8 the tumour growth ceased. The reasons for this growth pattern were
      examined by labelling techniques (PLM, LI). The tumour cell production as
      quantified by the growth fraction, showed only a moderate reduction which, taken
      alone, could not explain the growth cessation. The important mechanism seems to
      be an increased loss of tumour cells during the intermitotic interval. While the
      loss of cells/h remains constant the total intermitotic cell loss is increased
      because the cell cycle times are prolonged by 50% from the exponential phase (45
      h in week 3) to the plateau phase (66 h in week 8).

PMID- 4019568
TI  - Establishment of a human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-producing cell line in a
      protein-free chemically defined medium.
AB  - To examine whether a human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-producing cell can
      proliferate and sythesize CEA in vitro in culture without protein supplements,
      long-term cultivation of such cells was carried out in a protein-free chemically
      defined medium. Using stepwise decreases in fetal bovine serum concentration,
      continuous growth of the cells was established in a protein-free am's F-12
      medium. The cells, designated as HLC-Yl, have been propagated in this medium for
      3 years. The population doubling time of the cells is about 52 h. Addition of the
      serum stimulated the cell growth (population doubling time = 27 h). Saturation
      density was not increased by the addition of serum. The cells grown in a protein
      free F-12 secrete large amounts of CEA (65.4 +/- 2.6 ng/10(6) cells/24 h).
      Addition of serum did not stimulate the production of CEA. The cells produced
      tumours when inoculated into athymic nude mice. The mice bearing the tumour
      showed high serum CEA levels, and CEA was demonstrated in the tumour tissue by
      the immunoperoxidase method. The present study suggests that cells grown in a
      protein-free medium do not require serum components for their growth or CEA
      synthesis and provide an excellent model for better understanding the growth and
      production of CEA in human lung cancer cells.

PMID- 4019567
TI  - Nitrogen mustard interference with potassium transport systems in Ehrlich ascites
      tumor cells.
AB  - Nitrogen mustard (N-mustard) inhibits the ouabain-sensitive and the furosemide
      sensitive Rb uptake of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, whereas the transport, which
      is resistant to both inhibitors, is not affected by the alkylating agent. At N
      mustard concentrations below 10 microM, the reduction in Rb uptake is
      predominantly due to an interference with the furosemide-sensitive system. The
      dose response curve for the inhibition by N-mustard of the furosemide-sensitive
      Rb uptake closely parallels the dose response curve for the anti-tumor activity
      of the alkylating drug. This is in contrast to the behaviour of the ouabain
      sensitive Rb transport. The inhibition of the furosemide-sensitive Rb uptake is
      expressed much less in cells which are resistant to N-mustard. The recovery of
      the furosemide-sensitive transport system after a single exposure to N-mustard is
      relatively slow and characterized by an initial 4 h lag period, whereas the
      repair of DNA-interstrand cross-links starts immediately after removal of the
      drug. At mM concentrations furosemide blocks the multiplication of Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells. However, lower concentrations of furosemide which cause a
      50% reduction in the furosemide-sensitive Rb uptake do not interfere with cell
      proliferation. This is in contrast to the behaviour of N-mustard which exerts a
      clear-cut depression of cell growth at concentrations leading to a 50% inhibition
      of the furosemide-sensitive Rb transport. It is concluded, therefore, that the
      inhibition of the furosemide-sensitive system alone is not sufficient to explain
      the anti-tumor activity of the alkylating agent. The effect is discussed as part
      of a more extended N-mustard-induced membrane alteration which may be important
      for the growth inhibitory effect of the alkylating agent.

PMID- 4019569
TI  - Effect of oral cholestyramine on the elimination of high-dose methotrexate.
AB  - The anion exchange resin cholestyramine binds methotrexate (MTX) effectively in
      vitro. The binding capacity exceeds that of activated charcoal by a factor of
      5.4. On two patients undergoing high-dose MTX therapy it is also shown that
      cholestyramine binds MTX in vivo. This leads to an enhanced non-renal excretion
      of MTX. Therefore, cholestyramine may be of clinical value in patients who
      develop renal function impairment whilst undergoing MTX therapy.

PMID- 4019570
TI  - Cloning ovarian carcinoma cells in an agar double layer versus a methylcellulose
      monolayer system. A comparison of two methods.
AB  - Human ovarian cancer cells from ten patients were cultured in the agar double
      layer assay as described by Hamburger and Salmon and in a methylcellulose
      monolayer system. The assays were compared under the same experimental
      conditions. The rate of positives (defined as greater than 30 colonies/dish) was
      75% in the methylcellulose assay and 69% in the agar double layer. Plating
      efficiency ranged in the methylcellulose assay between 0.021% and 0.089% and in
      the agar double layer from 0.015% to 0.094%. Cytological and cytochemical
      staining of cells obtained from colonies in both test systems and of the tumour
      cells prior to plating revealed the same morphology. The methylcellulose
      monolayer system requires less additives than necessary in the agar double layer
      system. Furthermore, it is easier to handle with respect to the plating procedure
      and less time consuming. In addition, the effect of the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen
      on colony formation was tested. The dose response curves for colony formation
      with tamoxifen proved to be identical in both systems. At a concentration of 10(
      6) M an inhibition of colony formation of more than 70% of controls was observed
      in the agar and in the methylcellulose system.

PMID- 4019571
TI  - Failure of mitomycin-vindesine combination chemotherapy as salvage treatment for
      metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Mitomycin plus vindesine have been utilized as salvage therapy in metastatic
      breast cancer patients refractory to first line chemotherapy. No response was
      observed in 15 consecutively evaluable patients; according to the Gehan test a
      lack of effectiveness of this regimen is suggested at least in heavily pretreated
      patients.

PMID- 4019572
TI  - Seasonal variations in the frequency distribution of breast cancer in Greek women
      according to the month of their birth.
AB  - The frequency distribution of patients with breast cancer according to the month
      of their birth was examined in 1,165 women comprising the total number of
      patients recorded in our cancer registry from 1975 until the end of 1982.
      Statistical evaluation of this material using an exact chi 2 for simple null
      hypothesis demonstrated the existence of two high frequency peaks corresponding
      to March and April in the spring and September in the autumn. These frequencies
      were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than those of the remaining months.
      Confirmation of this finding would imply the introduction of a new variant in
      breast cancer epidemiology.

PMID- 4019573
TI  - Coincidence of infectious osteomyelitis and disseminated neuroblastoma: a
      diagnostic dilemma solved by scintigraphic imaging.
AB  - The case of a 41/2-year-old girl with disseminated neuroblastoma and concomitant
      osteomyelitis is reported. Neuroblastoma was detected in the vertebral column,
      the right suprarenal fossa, the left side of cranium and in bone marrow
      aspirates. Osteomyelitis was present in the left femur and was due to Salmonella
      tennessee. For the first time in the literature the two lesions were demonstrated
      by means of simultaneous 131I-MIBG and 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy. The diagnoses were
      proved by direct histological and microbiological studies.

PMID- 4019574
TI  - Five year experience with axillopopliteal bypasses for limb salvage.
AB  - Over the last 5 years, we have performed 34 axillopopliteal bypasses to salvage
      threatened limbs of patients in whom standard anatomic or extra-anatomic bypasses
      had either failed or were not feasible. The indications for these axillopopliteal
      bypasses, all of which were performed with 6 mm polytetrafluoroethylene grafts,
      were: (1) severe atherosclerotic disease of the common, superficial and deep
      femoral arteries which precluded use of these vessels for inflow or outflow for a
      standard vascular procedure (15 cases); (2) failed aortofemoral bypass with
      sufficient fibrosis or disease progression in the profunda femoris artery to
      prevent its use in a reoperation (7 cases); (3) insufficient hemodynamic
      improvement and failure to heal a foot lesion after an axillofemoral bypass (9
      cases); and (4) sepsis in the groin from a previously infected bypass (3 cases).
      Graft patency was determined by objective measures. Cumulative life table graft
      patency rates were 77% at 1 year, 51% at 3 years, and 45% at 5 years. Although
      these rates are not as good as those for our axillofemoral bypasses (75% at 5
      years), 22 limbs revascularized by axillopopliteal bypasses were salvaged with
      function for 1 year and 9 were salvaged with function for 2 years or longer in
      situations in which no option other than amputation was available. This justifies
      the continuing use of axillopopliteal bypass in an effort to salvage those limbs
      imminently threatened with amputation and in which no standard reconstruction is
      feasible because of disease or infection.

PMID- 4019575
TI  - Clinical contact with the trauma patient enhances accuracy of chest roentgenogram
      interpretation in predicting traumatic rupture of the aorta.
AB  - In a previous retrospective clinical study, we reported that clinicians having
      contact with the trauma patient interpreted widened mediastinum (WMED) in
      association with TRA with greater accuracy than did staff radiologists reviewing
      the same chest films (0.96 vs 0.83), while staff radiologists interpreted WMED
      with far greater frequency than did their clinical counterparts (0.40 vs. 0.27, p
      = 0.01). These findings may be related to differences in chest film
      interpretation or to the influence of clinical contact with the patient. To
      answer this question, data from a study in which a group of four surgeons and two
      radiologists was asked individually and in a blinded fashion to interpret,
      without the clinical history, the chest x-rays of 149 trauma patients who had
      undergone aortography to rule out TRA were examined by specialty affiliation.
      Sixteen of the patients had TRA. Surgeons interpreted WMED with the same
      frequency as radiologists (0.47 vs 0.54) and with far greater frequency (0.47 vs
      0.27, p = 0.06) and poorer accuracy (0.61 vs 0.96) than they did in the previous
      clinical review. No significant differences were detected between surgeons and
      radiologists in the overall rate of interpretation of WMED, in the prediction of
      aortic rupture, or in the ordering of aortography based purely upon chest film
      interpretation. We conclude that trauma surgeons and radiologists, isolated from
      the patient interpret the chest film signs associated with TRA similarly.
      Clinical contact with the trauma patient may modify what is seen on chest film in
      a way that contributes to greater accuracy in the diagnosis of TRA. Radiographic
      criteria for ordering aortography are thus best used in conjunction with careful
      clinical evaluation of the patient.

PMID- 4019576
TI  - Initial Canadian experience with artificial blood (Fluosol-DA-20%) in severely
      anemic patients.
AB  - Fluosol-DA-20% (FDA), a synthetic perfluorocarbon emulsion with oxygen (O2)
      carrying capability, has recently become available in North America for clinical
      trials in severely anemic patients. Three patients have so far received FDA at
      our institution. All were severely anemic (Hct's 12-15%), and were administered
      FDA in anticipation of perioperative blood loss. Observations made in these
      patients indicate that: FDA can act as a plasma expander; no firm conclusions can
      be made as to whether FDA increases O2 consumption in the absence of directly
      measured arterial and mixed-venous O2 contents; mixed-venous oxyhemoglobin
      saturation at high FiO2 increases following FDA administration because a
      significant proportion of the consumed O2 (24-37% in our patients at FiO2 = 1.0)
      is transported by FDA; hemodynamic reactions to a test dose of FDA may occur, and
      may be serious enough to preclude further FDA administration; and technical
      recommendations for the administration of FDA should include the use of direct
      arterial and mixed-venous O2-content determinations, and continuous
      spectrophotometric mixed-venous oxyhemoglobin saturation monitoring.

PMID- 4019577
TI  - Successful one stage repair of coarctation of the aorta and aneurysm of the
      ascending aorta in a child.
AB  - A case of successful one stage repair of aortic coarctation and ascending aortic
      aneurysm in a 10 year old boy with cystic medial necrosis and congenital bicuspid
      aortic valve is presented. The patient underwent correction of both lesions at
      the same operation through two separate incisions. The coarctation was repaired
      first. The aortic valve was found to be hemodynamically normal and was not
      replaced. The patient leads a normal life at five and half years after operation
      and is playing ice hockey with no limitations. Close and long-term follow-up is
      considered essential in view of the potential complications.

PMID- 4019578
TI  - XXXIII Congress of the European Society for Cardiovascular Surgery. Madrid,
      Spain, September 6-7-8, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 4019579
TI  - A transient rise in cytosolic calcium follows stimulation of quiescent cells with
      growth factors and is inhibitable with phorbol myristate acetate.
AB  - We have used aequorin as an indicator for the intracellular free calcium ion
      concentration [( Ca++]i) of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Estimated [Ca++]i of serum
      deprived, subconfluent fibroblasts was 89 (+/-20) nM, almost twofold higher than
      that of subconfluent cells growing in serum, whose [Ca++]i was 50 (+/-19) nM.
      Serum, partially purified platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast
      growth factor (FGF) stimulated DNA synthesis by the serum-deprived cells, whereas
      epidermal growth factor (EGF) did not. Serum immediately and transiently elevated
      the [Ca++]i of serum-deprived cells, which reached a maximal value of 5.3 microM
      at 18 s poststimulation but returned to near prestimulatory levels within 3 min.
      Moreover, no further changes in [Ca++]i were observed during 12 subsequent h of
      continuous recording. PDGF produced a peak rise in [Ca++]i to approximately 1.4
      microM at 115 s after stimulation, and FGF to approximately 1.2 microM at 135 s
      after stimulation. EGF caused no change in [Ca++]i. The primary source of calcium
      for these transients was intracellular, since the magnitude of the serum-induced
      rise in [Ca++]i was reduced by only 30% in the absence of exogenous calcium.
      Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) had no effect on resting [Ca++]i. When,
      however, quiescent cells were treated for 30 min with 100 nM PMA, serum-induced
      rises in [Ca++]i were reduced by sevenfold. PMA did not inhibit growth factor
      induced DNA synthesis and was by itself partially mitogenic. We suggest that if
      calcium is involved as a cytoplasmic signal for mitogenic activation of quiescent
      fibroblasts, its action is early, transient, and can be partially substituted for
      by PMA. Activated protein kinase C may regulate growth factor-induced increases
      in [Ca++]i.

PMID- 4019580
TI  - Conversion of embryonic form to adult forms of N-CAM in vitro: results from de
      novo synthesis of adult forms.
AB  - During normal development, the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM changes at the
      cell-surface from a sialic acid-rich embryonic, or E form, to several adult, or A
      forms that have less sialic acid (E-to-A conversion). To investigate the cellular
      and molecular mechanisms that underlie these changes, we have established
      conditions under which E-to-A conversion occurs in cultured explants of central
      nervous system tissues. Mouse cerebellum, chick spinal cord, and chick retina
      that express the E form of N-CAM were dissected and cultured on collagen gels.
      After 3-6 d in culture, increased proportions of A forms were synthesized, as
      revealed by specific immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. The rate of E-to-A
      conversion and the proportions of the different A forms synthesized in vitro were
      similar to those observed for the tissues in vivo at comparable times. In
      addition, the explants incorporated radioactive precursors of amino sugars into N
      CAM, and the electrophoretic mobilities of the E and A forms of N-CAM were
      altered by treatment with neuraminidase in a way comparable to that found for N
      CAM obtained directly from tissue. These results suggest that the post
      translational processing in vitro was similar to that in vivo. Logistic studies
      on cell division and death in the explants suggested that E-to-A conversion
      resulted mainly from a specific increase in synthesis of A forms in individual
      cells rather than as a consequence of differential birth or death within distinct
      cell populations. The data were consistent with the possibility that the increase
      in synthesis of A forms occurred either in cells that had previously synthesized
      E forms or in a distinct population of cells that already synthesized A forms.
      Cells dissociated from embryonic central nervous system tissues and cultured in
      vitro were also found to undergo E-to-A conversion at the same rate as the
      explant cultures, which suggests that if intercellular signals were responsible
      for initiation of the change in synthetic pattern, they had already occurred in
      vivo before the time of culture. In pulse-chase experiments, the E form of N-CAM
      that was synthesized during the first day after explantation persisted as E form
      for several days, at times when newly synthesized N-CAM was predominantly in A
      forms. These results indicate that in cultured neural tissue, the E form of N-CAM
      is not processed into A forms but is gradually degraded and replaced by newly
      synthesized A forms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4019581
TI  - Synthesis of cytoskeletal and contractile proteins by cultured IMR-90
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Models of the assembly of cytoskeletal and contractile proteins of eukaryotic
      cells require quantitative information about the rates of synthesis of individual
      component proteins. We applied the dual isotope technique of Clark and Zak (1981,
      J. Biol. Chem., 256:4863-4870) to measure the synthesis rates of cytoskeletal and
      contractile proteins in stationary and growing cultures of IMR-90 fibroblasts.
      Fibroblast proteins were labeled to equilibrium with [14C]leucine over several
      days, at the end of which there was a 4-h pulse with [3H]leucine. Fractional
      synthesis rates (percent per hour) were calculated from the 3H/14C ratio of cell
      protein extracts or protein purified by one- or two-dimensional polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and the 3H/14C ratio of medium-free leucine. The average
      fractional synthesis rate for total, SDS- or urea-soluble; Triton-soluble; and
      cytoskeletal protein extracts in stationary cells each was approximately 4.0%/h.
      The range of values for the synthesis of individual proteins from total cell
      extracts or cytoskeletal extracts sliced from one-dimensional gels was similar,
      though this range was greater than that for major proteins of Triton-soluble
      protein extracts. Three specific cytoskeletal proteins--actin, vimentin, and
      tubulin--were synthesized at similar rates that were significantly slower than
      the average fractional synthesis rate for total protein. Myosin, on the other
      hand, was synthesized faster than average. Synthesis rates were the same for beta
      and gamma-actin and polymerized (cytoskeletal extract) vs. Triton-soluble actin.
      The same was true for alpha- and beta-tubulin and two different forms of
      vimentin. Synthesis rates were uniformly higher in growing cells, though the same
      pattern of differential rates was observed as for stationary cells. Synthesis
      rates in growing cells were higher than the rate necessary to maintain the growth
      rate, even for those cytoskeletal proteins being synthesized slowly. Therefore,
      there appears to be some turnover of these cytoskeletal elements even during
      growth. We conclude that proteins in cytoskeletal extracts may have nonuniform
      rates of synthesis, but at least one important subclass of cytoskeletal proteins
      that comprise filament subunits have the same synthesis rates.

PMID- 4019582
TI  - Abrogation of cell surface expression of human class I transplantation antigens
      by an adenovirus protein in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
AB  - Class I transplantation antigens form complexes with a virus protein encoded in
      the early region E3 of the adenovirus-2 genome. The interaction between this
      viral glycoprotein, E19, and nascent human class I antigens has been examined by
      microinjecting purified mRNA into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Both E19 and the two
      class I antigen subunits, the heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M),
      were efficiently translated. The heavy chains did not become terminally
      glycosylated, as monitored by endoglycosidase H digestion, and were not expressed
      on the oocyte surface unless they were associated with beta 2M. The E19 protein
      did not become terminally glycosylated, and we failed to detect this viral
      protein on the surface of the oocytes. Co-translation of heavy chain and E19 mRNA
      demonstrated that the two proteins associate intracellularly. However, neither
      protein appeared to be transported to the trans-Golgi compartment. Similar
      observations were made in adenovirus-infected HeLa cells. Heavy chains bound to
      beta 2M became terminally glycosylated in oocytes in the presence of low
      concentrations of E19. At high concentrations of the viral protein, no
      carbohydrate modifications and no cell surface expression of class I antigens
      were apparent. Thus, beta 2M and E19 have opposite effects on the intracellular
      transport of the heavy chains. These data suggest that adenovirus-2 may impede
      the cell surface expression of class I antigens to escape immune surveillance.

PMID- 4019583
TI  - Efficient cytoplasmic delivery of a fluorescent dye by pH-sensitive
      immunoliposomes.
AB  - We previously showed that liposomes composed of dioleoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine
      and palmitoyl-homocysteine (8:2) are highly fusion competent when exposed to an
      acidic environment of pH less than 6.5. (Connor, J., M. B. Yatvin, and L. Huang,
      1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81:1715-1718). Palmitoyl anti-H2Kk was
      incorporated into these pH-sensitive liposomes by a modified reserve-phase
      evaporation method. Mouse L929 cells (k haplotype) treated with immunoliposomes
      composed of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine/palmitoyl-homocysteine (8:2) with an
      entrapped fluorescent dye, calcein, showed diffused fluorescence throughout the
      cytoplasm. Measurements by use of a microscope-associated photometer gave an
      approximate value of 50 microM for the cytoplasmic calcein concentration. This
      concentration represents an efficient delivery of the aqueous content of the
      immunoliposome. Cells treated with immunoliposomes composed of
      dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (pH-insensitive liposomes) showed only punctate
      fluorescence. The cytoplasmic delivery of calcein by the pH-sensitive
      immunoliposomes could be inhibited by chloroquine or by incubation at 20 degrees
      C. These results suggest that the efficient cytoplasmic delivery involves the
      endocytic pathway, particularly the acidic organelles such as the endosomes
      and/or lysosomes. One possibility is that the immunoliposomes fuse with the
      endosome membranes from within the endosomes, thus releasing the contents into
      the cytoplasm. This nontoxic method should be widely applicable to the
      intracellular delivery of biomolecules into living cells.

PMID- 4019584
TI  - Hereditary pituitary dwarfism in mice affects skeletal and cardiac myosin isozyme
      transitions differently.
AB  - The dwarf mutation in mice interferes with the development of those anterior
      pituitary cells responsible for production of thyroid stimulating hormone, growth
      hormone, and prolactin. Myosin isozyme transitions in both cardiac and skeletal
      muscle were also found to be affected in this mutant. Electrophoresis of native
      myosins demonstrated that the fetal (V3) to adult (V1) ventricular cardiac
      isozyme transition was completely blocked in dwarf mice; in contrast, the
      neonatal to adult fast myosin transition in hind limb skeletal muscle was slowed
      but not totally inhibited. The persistence of neonatal myosin heavy chain for up
      to 55-75 d after birth in dwarf mice, as compared with 16 d in normal mice, was
      directly demonstrated by polypeptide and immunopolypeptide mapping. Morphological
      examination of 18-36-d-old dwarf skeletal muscles by optical and electron
      microscopy revealed a relative immaturity, but no signs of gross pathology were
      evident. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that the abnormal persistence of
      neonatal myosin occurs in most of the fibers. Multiple injections of thyroxine
      restored a normal isozyme complement to both cardiac and skeletal muscles within
      11-15 d. Therefore, the effects of the dwarf mutation on myosin isozymes can be
      explained by the lack of thyroid hormone in these animals. Because the synthesis
      of growth hormone is not stimulated by thyroid hormone in dwarf mice as it would
      be in normal animals, these results demonstrate that thyroid hormone promotes
      myosin isozyme transitions independent of growth hormone production.

PMID- 4019585
TI  - Alterations in neural crest migration by a monoclonal antibody that affects cell
      adhesion.
AB  - The possible role of a 140-kD cell surface complex in neural crest adhesion and
      migration was examined using a monoclonal antibody JG22, first described by Greve
      and Gottlieb (1982, J. Cell. Biochem. 18:221-229). The addition of JG22 to neural
      crest cells in vitro caused a rapid change in morphology of cells plated on
      either fibronectin or laminin substrates. The cells became round and phase
      bright, often detaching from the dish or forming aggregates of rounded cells.
      Other tissues such as somites, notochords, and neural tubes were unaffected by
      the antibody in vitro even though the JG22 antigen is detectable in embryonic
      tissue sections on the surface of the myotome, neural tube, and notochord. The
      effects of the JG22 on neural crest migration in vivo were examined by a new
      perturbation approach in which both the antibody and the hybridoma cells were
      microinjected onto neural crest pathways. Hybridoma cells were labeled with a
      fluorescent cell marker that is nondeleterious and that is preserved after
      fixation and tissue sectioning. The JG22 antibody and hybridoma cells caused a
      marked reduction in cranial neural crest migration, a build-up of neural crest
      cells within the lumen of the neural tube, and some migration along aberrant
      pathways. Neural crest migration in the trunk was affected to a much lesser
      extent. In both cranial and trunk regions, a cell free zone of one or more cell
      diameters was generally observed between neural crest cells and the JG22
      hybridoma cells. Two other monoclonal antibodies, 1-B and 1-N, were used as
      controls. Both 1-B and 1-N bind to bands of the 140-kD complex precipitated by
      JG22. Neither control antibody affected neural crest adhesion in vitro or neural
      crest migration in situ. This suggests that the observed alterations in neural
      crest migration are due to a functional block of the 140-kD complex.

PMID- 4019586
TI  - Interaction of lectins with membrane receptors on erythrocyte surfaces.
AB  - The interactions of human genotype AO erythrocytes (red blood cells) (RBCs) with
      N-acetylgalactosamine-reactive lectins isolated from Helix pomatia (HPA) and from
      Dolichos biflorus (DBA) were studied. Binding curves obtained with the use of
      tritium-labeled lectins showed that the maximal numbers of lectin molecules
      capable of binding to human genotype AO RBCs were 3.8 X 10(5) and 2.7 X 10(5)
      molecules/RBC for HPA and DBA, respectively. The binding of one type of lectin
      may influence the binding of another type. HPA was found to inhibit the binding
      of DBA, but not vice versa. The binding of HPA was weakly inhibited by a beta-D
      galactose-reactive lectin isolated from Ricinus communis (designated RCA1).
      Limulus polyphemus lectin (LPA), with specificity for N-acetylneuraminic acid,
      did not influence the binding of HPA but enhanced the binding of DBA. About 80%
      of LPA receptors (N-acetylneuraminic acid) were removed from RBC surfaces by
      neuraminidase treatment. Neuraminidase treatment of RBCs resulted in increases of
      binding of both HPA and DBA, but through different mechanisms. An equal number
      (7.6 X 10(5) of new HPA sites were generated on genotypes AO and OO RBCs by
      neuraminidase treatment, and these new sites accounted for the enhancement (AO
      cells) and appearance (OO cells) of hemagglutinability by HPA. Neuraminidase
      treatment did not generate new DBA sites, but increased the DBA affinity for the
      existing receptors; as a result, genotype AO cells increased their
      hemagglutinability by DBA, while OO cells remained unagglutinable. The use of
      RBCs of different genotypes in binding assays with 3H-labeled lectins of known
      specificities provides an experimental system for studying cell-cell recognition
      and association.

PMID- 4019587
TI  - Interaction energies in lectin-induced erythrocyte aggregation.
AB  - Two N-acetylgalactosamine-reactive lectins, Helix pomatia (HPA) and Dolichos
      biflorus (DBA), were used to study the energies involved in cell-cell
      interactions through the specific binding of these lectins to their membrane
      receptors on genotype AO human erythrocytes (red blood cells) (RBCs). The energy
      required to dissociate a unit of aggregated membrane area (gamma d) of two RBCs
      bridged by lectin molecules was determined from the shear force needed to
      dissociate two-cell aggregates in a flow channel. When HPA were used as bridging
      molecules, gamma d (0.4 X 10(-4) to 3.8 X 10(-4) dyn/cm) was proportional to the
      density (D = 175 to 1,060 molecules/micron 2) of HPA molecules bound on the RBC
      membrane. A similar gamma d/D ratio was also obtained for DBA. These results
      indicate that the number of lectin molecules bound on the interface plays an
      important role in determining the energy required for cell-cell dissociation. The
      aggregation energy per unit membrane area (gamma a) in lectin-induced aggregates
      was calculated from the degree of encapsulation of a lectin-bound, heat-sphered
      human RBC by a normal discoid RBC. A minimum of approximately 1,800 HPA
      molecules/micron 2 on the spheres was required to form stable aggregates with the
      RBC. By using spheres having a surface HPA density of 1,830 to 2,540
      molecules/micron 2, or 1.1-1.5 X 10(12) combining sites/cm2, the gamma a value
      for HPA-induced aggregation was found to be 2.2 X 10(-3) dyn/cm. This higher
      value of gamma a than gamma d has been explained on the basis of several
      differences in aggregation and disaggregation processes. The gamma a value for
      DBA-induced aggregation was not obtainable by the sphere encapsulation method
      because of the relative low D values. A comparison of the present results with
      the published value of the free energy change of 5 kcal/mol for the interactions
      of HPA and DBA with their ligands suggests that only a small fraction of the
      lectin molecules bound to RBC surface participate in the bridging of adjacent
      cells.

PMID- 4019590
TI  - Germination of stress-tolerant Eucalyptus pollen.
AB  - Earlier reports have indicated that the pollen of Eucalyptus is mechanically
      robust and unusually resistant to the osmotic stress imposed by immersion in
      water. We have investigated some of the features of the germination mechanism in
      the pollen of E. rhodantha with a view to clarifying the role of pollen-wall
      specializations in determining this resistance. Cultured in vitro, the pollen
      showed erratic germination, with a scatter of germination times up to 24 h. This
      was associated with variation between individual grains in the rate of hydration
      and dispersal of the pectins of the oncus, the thickened outer component of the
      intine present at each aperture. The oncus is itself differentiated, with a
      refractive outer layer lying within a sporopollenin operculum and itself
      overlying the protein-bearing layer of the intine. The outer layer, interpreted
      as a compacted pectin, undergoes only slow dissolution in aqueous media after the
      lifting of the operculum, and it is this that apparently protects the grain from
      the effects of short-term osmotic stress. The rate of dissolution varies between
      grains, possibly as a consequence of minor differences in developmental rate in
      the final stages of differentiation in the anther, and this contributes to the
      wider scatter of germination times. The dehydrated pollen gave one-third of the
      potential germination after 24 h exposure to 60 degrees C, and a small proportion
      survived 24 h at 70 degrees C. This degree of heat tolerance must primarily
      reflect properties of the protoplast of the vegetative cell, not examined in the
      present study; but the wall specializations may well provide a guard against
      extreme desiccation, and it is noteworthy that the function of the germination
      mechanism is not prejudiced by exposure to high temperatures.

PMID- 4019589
TI  - Chemotactic factor binding by metastatic tumour cells: evidence for a formyl
      peptide receptor on a non-myelogenous cell.
AB  - Analysis of fMet-Leu-[3H]Phe binding to Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells
      demonstrated both saturable and reversible binding, and indicated the presence of
      a single population of binding sites having an equilibrium dissociation constant:
      KD = 15.7 +/- 3.3 X 10(-9) M, and with 2425 +/- 204 binding sites per cell. The
      specificity of the binding site was investigated by competitive inhibition of
      fMet-Leu-[3H]Phe binding studies using 10 oligoformyl peptides. These results
      demonstrated an order of peptide reactivity with marked similarity in specificity
      to the leucocyte binding sites for the formyl-peptides. The most active peptides
      also had potent agonist activity as determined by their ability to increase the
      cells' adherence response to nylon-wool fibres. In addition, a competitive
      antagonist of the formyl-peptide receptor, tert-butoxy-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe,
      completely abolished the adherence response induced by fMet-Leu-Phe, but had no
      inhibitory effect on the adherence response caused by the tumour-promoting agent,
      phorbol myristate acetate. These data demonstrate that formyl-peptide receptors
      may be more common than we have anticipated and may be found on cells not derived
      from the myeloid series. Furthermore, these studies advance our understanding of
      stimulus-coupled responses in tumour cells.

PMID- 4019588
TI  - Selective packaging of human growth hormone into synaptic vesicles in a rat
      neuronal (PC12) cell line.
AB  - We have introduced the gene for human growth hormone (hGH) into PC12 cells, a rat
      pheochromocytoma-derived cell line with neuronal characteristics, and have
      isolated stable cell lines that express this protein. hGH is stored within the
      cells in membrane-bounded vesicles that are indistinguishable from the endogenous
      catecholaminergic synaptic vesicles. When the transfected cells are stimulated by
      carbachol or direct depolarization, they release norepinephrine and hGH with
      parallel kinetics. Treatment of the transfected cells with nerve growth factor
      results in a twofold increase in the amounts of hGH stored in and secreted from
      the cells. Not all proteins are packaged into the synaptic vesicles, since the
      rate of release of laminin, a soluble secreted protein endogenous to PC12 cells,
      is not stimulated by carbachol. This neuronal cell line therefore possesses at
      least two distinct pathways for secretion and can selectively package a foreign
      endocrine hormone into the regulated pathway.

PMID- 4019591
TI  - Manipulating chromosome structure and metaphase status with ultraviolet light and
      repair synthesis inhibitors.
AB  - DNA repair occurs in metaphase-arrested cells in response to ultraviolet
      irradiation. In the presence of the repair synthesis inhibitors hydroxyurea and 1
      beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine the chromosomes of such cells, as seen in Carnoy
      fixed preparations, are decondensed. The extent of decondensation is related to
      both the u.v. dose and the duration of incubation in the presence of inhibitors.
      For any particular cell type there is a reasonable correlation between the amount
      of decondensation and the number of single-strand DNA breaks generated by the
      repair process under the same inhibitory conditions, though the chromosome
      changes continue after the number of single-strand breaks has reached a plateau.
      The dose response of chromosome decondensation varies between different cell
      types but is in general correlated with differences in levels of single-strand
      breaks accumulated under comparable inhibitory conditions. Decondensation can be
      detected after 0.5 Jm-2 in repair-competent human cells. In human cells defective
      in excision repair there is much less chromosome decondensation in response to
      the same u.v. dose and time of repair inhibition. However, a simian virus 40
      transformed muntjac cell displays pronounced chromosome decondensation but has
      limited incision ability. Both chromosome decondensation and single-strand break
      accumulation in the presence of inhibitors are reversed when DNA precursors are
      provided, but reversal after higher u.v. doses and longer periods of incubation
      leads to recondensed chromosomes that are fragmented. Elution of the DNA from
      such cells through polycarbonate filters under non-denaturing conditions reveals
      that double-strand DNA breaks are generated during the period of incubation with
      inhibitors. Although the chromosomes of repair-inhibited metaphase cells are
      decondensed in fixed preparations, their morphology appears normal in intact
      cells. The cells also retain a capacity to induce prematurely condensed
      chromosomes (PCC) when fused with interphase cells: compared with control mitotic
      cells, the speed of induction is sometimes reduced but the final amount of PCC
      produced is similar.

PMID- 4019592
TI  - Human serotonectin: a blood glycoprotein that binds serotonin and is associated
      with platelets and white blood cells.
AB  - A glycoprotein that circulates in blood, binds to the surface of platelets, and
      also binds serotonin with high avidity and specificity, has previously been found
      in rats. This glycoprotein has been called serotonectin. We now report the
      purification and characterization of a similar circulating glycoprotein in human
      blood that we propose be called human serotonectin, to distinguish it from the
      rat protein. Human serotonectin binds serotonin with high affinity (Kd1 = 36 nM;
      Kd2 = 1.1 microM). Monospecific antisera were raised in rabbits to purified human
      serotonectin. These antibodies were used to locate human serotonectin
      immunocytochemically, for quantitative estimation of the glycoprotein, and for
      rapid preparation of material purified by affinity chromatography. Evidence was
      obtained that indicated that human serotonectin circulates in plasma and also
      binds to the surfaces of white blood cells and platelets but not to red blood
      cells. In bone marrow it is found on megakaryocytes and on developing white cells
      of the eosinophil line. The protein can be completely removed by washing with
      isotonic sucrose or salt solutions from the surfaces of white cells but similar
      treatment only partially (63% sucrose wash/73% salt wash) removes human
      serotonectin from platelets. Antibodies to human serotonectin antagonize the
      uptake of serotonin by platelets but do not inhibit platelet aggregation. These
      data show that humans, like rats, have a circulating serotonin-binding
      glycoprotein that is also present as a peripheral membrane protein on platelets.
      The human also differs from the rat serotonectin in binding to white cells. The
      material may function in platelet serotonin uptake in both humans and rats;
      however, its function, if any, with respect to white cells is obscure.

PMID- 4019593
TI  - Adult, foetal and transformed fibroblasts display different migratory phenotypes
      on collagen gels: evidence for an isoformic transition during foetal development.
AB  - Data are presented indicating that the migration of fibroblasts into three
      dimensional collagen gels is affected by cell density. We have defined a 'cell
      density migration index' (CDMI) to express this behavioural response in
      quantitative terms. The results of a survey of 77 different cell types indicate
      that the CDMI values expressed by normal adult skin fibroblasts and transformed
      cell lines fall into two distinct, non-overlapping groups. Measurement of the
      CDMI therefore provides an additional means of distinguishing between normal and
      transformed cells and may be used in conjunction with other commonly recognized
      criteria (e.g. anchorage-independent growth) to assess expression of a
      transformed phenotype in vitro. It is of interest to note that the CDMI values
      expressed by foetal cells define a group lying intermediate between normal and
      transformed cells. Both uncloned and cloned foetal cells have been observed to
      undergo a stable transition to expression of CDMI values characteristic of adult
      cells when followed throughout the duration of their in vitro lifespan. In
      addition to providing a novel means of distinguishing between normal adult and
      foetal cells, our results suggest that foetal fibroblasts undergo an 'isoformic'
      transition at some point in their developmental history, which is manifest in
      vitro by the expression of an adult CDMI.

PMID- 4019594
TI  - Skin fibroblasts obtained from cancer patients display foetal-like migratory
      behaviour on collagen gels.
AB  - When plated on the surface of collagen gel substrata, all types of fibroblasts
      rapidly begin to migrate down into the three-dimensional collagen matrix. We have
      previously demonstrated that normal (adult and foreskin), foetal and transformed
      fibroblasts may be distinguished from each other by virtue of their differential
      migratory response to changes in cell density. The effects of cell density on
      fibroblast migration into the gel may be expressed by a single numerical value,
      the 'cell density migration index' (CDMI). We now present evidence that
      ostensibly normal skin fibroblasts obtained from the majority of patients we
      examined with carcinoma of the breast, malignant melanoma, familial polyposis
      coli, retinoblastoma and Wilms' tumours display aberrant CDMI values falling
      within the foetal range. Skin fibroblasts obtained from the majority of patients
      examined with genetic or chronic diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy) displayed CDMI values falling within the normal range.

PMID- 4019595
TI  - Incomplete contact site A glycoprotein in HL220, a modB mutant of Dictyostelium
      discoideum.
AB  - HL220, a modB mutant that lacks a modification of certain membrane proteins of
      Dictyostelium discoideum, has been shown to aggregate and to form EDTA-stable
      intercellular contacts typical of aggregating wild-type cells. A developmentally
      regulated glycoprotein of 80 X 10(3) apparent molecular weight has been
      identified as a target site of adhesion-blocking Fab and thought to be involved
      in EDTA-stable cell contact formation (Muller & Gerisch, 1978). In the HL220
      mutant this glycoprotein is no longer recognized by a modB-specific antibody.
      Therefore, it has been suggested that the 80 X 10(3) Mr glycoprotein, or a
      modification on it, is not required for the EDTA-stable cell contact of
      aggregating cells. We show that HL220 synthesizes an equivalent of the 80 X 10(3)
      Mr glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 68 X 10(3). The mutant
      product reacted with certain monoclonal antibodies highly specific for the 80 X
      10(3) Mr glycoprotein in the wild type, and was developmentally regulated like
      the 80 X 10(3) Mr glycoprotein. These results indicate that the 68 X 10(3) Mr
      protein of the mutant lacks a modification, most likely an oligosaccharide
      residue, the absence of which causes the substantial shift of the apparent
      molecular weight from 80 X 10(3) to 68 X 10(3). Monoclonal antibodies that did
      not react with proteins of the mutant could be classified according to their
      reactions with different sub-sets of wild-type proteins. These results indicate
      that the proteins that reacted with either one or the other antibody were not
      modified by a uniform structure. The modification rather varies from one sub-set
      of cross-reacting proteins to another, suggesting differences between the
      glycosyl residues of the partially cross-reacting proteins. HL220 cells showed
      strongly reduced EDTA-stable contact formation under our conditions. EDTA
      sensitive intercellular adhesion was undetectable in the mutant, whereas adhesion
      of the cells to the substratum appeared to be strengthened. The rear ends of the
      cells, in particular, were tightly attached to glass or Teflon surfaces. The
      mutant cells were capable of responding chemotactically. Propagated excitation
      waves like those known to be based on periodic cyclic AMP production and relay
      were clearly seen. Extracellular phosphodiesterase induction by cyclic AMP and
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor production were normal. These results indicate that
      the generation of chemotactic signals and the cellular responses to cyclic AMP
      are not severely affected by the mutation.

PMID- 4019596
TI  - [Cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Apropos of 7 new cases].
AB  - Cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas are tumours which remain
      poorly known because of their relative rarity. They are seen essentially in women
      aged between 40 and 60 and involve the left half of the pancreas more often than
      the right. The symptomatology remains latent for a fairly long time, which
      explains the fact that they are most often discovered only at the stage of a
      palpable tumour. Recent methods of investigation--echotomography and computed
      tomography--are of very great value in preoperative diagnosis. It is extremely
      important to draw the distinction within the group of benign cystadenomas between
      microcystic forms and macrocystic forms or mucinous cystadenomas, the latter
      having a definite potential for malignant change, possibly explaining the link
      with certain cystadenocarcinomas. As a result, excision surgery is always
      preferable, when possible, to bypass surgery, at least in caudal or corporeo
      caudal lesions, since excision surgery is usually easy. For cephalic lesions, if
      excision surgery seems difficult, it may be conceivable, using modern techniques
      of investigation, to adopt a conservative attitude when there are no features
      suggestive of potential malignant change.

PMID- 4019598
TI  - [Retrospective study of a series of 62 cases of hydatid liver cysts].
AB  - Sixty-two cases of hydatid cyst of liver were treated and followed up between
      1968 and 1982. Current pre-operative investigations include immunologic tests
      (immunoelectrophoresis, tests for hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies) and
      medical imaging (ultrasound, scanner). Vascular exploration is now very rarely
      performed. Surgical treatment is mainly by pericystectomy and was conducted in
      90% of cases with a postoperative mortality of 5,2%. Chemotherapy with
      Albendazole was combined routinely.

PMID- 4019597
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of chronic external laxity of the ankle by
      resetting capsular ligamentous tension].
AB  - The authors review 12 patients operated for tibio-tarsal instability and
      summarize the effects of ligamentous sections of the capsular-ligamentous plane
      of the lateral part of the ankle and the importance of the anterior peroneotalar
      fascia. In cases of tibio-tarsal instability, the authors propose a lateral
      ligamentous re-tension plasty with trans-osseous reinsertion and they analyse the
      results of this operation in a series of 13 operated ankles which were followed
      clinically and radiologically. The essential criterion of evaluation was a return
      to the same level of sports activity (7 very good results, 3 good results, 2
      moderate results and one failure). The overall favourable results suggest that
      this technique can be indicated in a number of rare cases: sportsmen with
      significant disability after failure of treatment by proprioceptive re-education.
      In conclusion, the authors stress the value of preventative treatment of sprained
      ankles, which should prevent the development of instability.

PMID- 4019599
TI  - [Superficial cancer of the stomach].
AB  - The authors report 17 cases of superficial carcinomas collected amongst a series
      of 100 gastric carcinomas. Three principal points are analysed: clinical picture,
      diagnostic and treatment. Clinical problems indicate the multiplicity of
      classifications used and their sometimes incomplete nature. This led the authors
      in 1970 to develop a classification with 4 parameters, derived from the T N M
      classification and from that of Gutmann. The diagnostic problems raises yet again
      for these superficial carcinomas the need for routine screening which is the only
      way to increase early diagnoses, and hence the effectiveness of treatment. The
      therapeutic problem is concerned with the discussion of the limitations of wide
      excision as a matter of principle.

PMID- 4019600
TI  - [Traumatic rupture of the middle lobe bronchus and pulmonary artery:
      considerations apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report the case of a road accident which resulted in rupture of the
      middle lobe bronchus. There was an associated lesion of the pulmonary artery.
      Treatment was conservative after primary evaluation of the right pulmonary artery
      at its origin. Vascular trauma associated with rupture of the main bronchi is
      rare. The prevalence is greater in the case of rupture of the more distal lobar
      bronchi. It is important to be aware of this possibility, and the pulmonary
      artery must be inspected before such lesions are treated surgically.

PMID- 4019601
TI  - [Cancer of the so-called "gastric stump". Review of the literature apropos of 4
      cases].
AB  - On the basis of four cases of cancer of the stomach occurring after surgery for
      benign gastroduodenal lesions, the authors analyse 1690 cases published in the
      literature. The development of these cancers, which occur much more frequently
      than in the normal population, is favoured by all of the local pathophysiological
      consequences of the initial operation, although no one factor is predominant.
      These cancers have a very poor prognosis, with a mean 5 year survival of 6.9%.
      These very disappointing results can only be improved by early detection as a
      result of systematic endoscopic follow-up.

PMID- 4019602
TI  - [Construction of a plaster collar].
AB  - A fairly simple but strictly controlled method is described for constructing a
      plaster collar. After a brief description of the apparatus, meticulous details
      are given of each technical step leading to the production of a light, perfectly
      molded and well tolerated apparatus. The collar is usually constructed with the
      patient sitting, under slight traction and with webbing straps to obtain
      immobilization in the exact position required. The shoulders are lowered to a
      maximum by making the patient hold weights. The cephalic part is first molded and
      then integrated solidly into the thoracic part (breastplate and backplate). A
      perfectly constructed apparatus provides excellent immobilization.

PMID- 4019603
TI  - The relation between grammatical development and mean length of utterance in
      morphemes.

PMID- 4019604
TI  - The child language data exchange system.

PMID- 4019605
TI  - Language differentiation by the bilingual infant.

PMID- 4019606
TI  - The emergence of present perfect verb forms: semantic influences on selective
      imitation.

PMID- 4019607
TI  - A tip-of-the-tongue experience at age two?

PMID- 4019608
TI  - Some contributions of mothers' speech to their children's syntactic growth.

PMID- 4019609
TI  - Colour-name versus shape-name learning in young children.

PMID- 4019610
TI  - 'He has too much hard questions': the acquisition of the linguistic mass-count
      distinction in much and many.

PMID- 4019611
TI  - Five-year-olds' understanding of 'savoir' and 'croire'.

PMID- 4019612
TI  - Is the English present progressive unique.

PMID- 4019614
TI  - How does comprehension of passive develop? A comparison of actional and
      experiential verbs.

PMID- 4019613
TI  - Comprehension of Icelandic pronoun gender: semantic versus formal factors.

PMID- 4019615
TI  - Incomplete and continuing: theoretical issues in the acquisition of tense and
      aspect.

PMID- 4019616
TI  - How much do children say in a day?

PMID- 4019617
TI  - IQ, scholastic performance and behaviour of sibs raised in contrasting
      environments.
AB  - Medium- and long-term effects of types of placement of the offspring of lower
      class families have been studied. The progeny of 28 mothers was reconstituted.
      The subjects were divided into three groups: 35 children abandoned and adopted
      early in privileged environments (A), 46 'biological mother-reared' children
      remaining in their disadvantaged social environments (B) and 21 children raised
      in institutions or foster homes (C). Analyses focused on IQ, scholastic
      performance and behaviour. Results show that the social environment has important
      effects: the differences between the three groups are very significant. For A and
      B groups tested in the schools, comparisons were made with the classmates. For
      the C group the effects of long-term emotional deprivation are superimposed on
      the effects of the social environment.

PMID- 4019618
TI  - Behavioural methods in the treatment of sleep disorders--a pilot study.
AB  - The efficacy of behavioural methods of treatment for severe sleep disorders was
      examined in a pilot study involving 35 children aged 1-5 years. Improvement
      occurred in 77%. Methodological issues concerning the selection of children for
      treatment, selecting adequate controls and outcome measures, and using parents as
      therapists, are discussed.

PMID- 4019619
TI  - The nature and qualities of parenting provided by women raised in institutions.
AB  - A repeated pattern of difficulties in parenting is often found in successive
      generations of the same families. That finding, together with a concern to
      identify potential adverse influences upon child behaviour and development, was
      the focus of this study into the parenting provided by women who were raised
      within institutions. Relationships with their 2- to 3-year-old infants were
      assessed using complementary interview and naturalistic observational techniques.
      Differences in parenting styles between the case and comparison groups were on
      the whole subtle. Ex-care women were relatively less sensitive to their
      children's cues and, in response to their demands and opposition, exercised
      control by confrontation rather than by circumvention.

PMID- 4019620
TI  - Continuities in sibling relationships: patterns of aggression and friendliness.
AB  - Thirteen girls and 12 boys who had been observed at home as 2- to 3-year-olds
      with their mothers and infant siblings were interviewed as 6-year-olds about
      their relationship with their siblings; their mothers also were interviewed. The
      marked individual differences found among the 2- to 3-year-olds in comments about
      their siblings were correlated with differences in the children's comments about
      their siblings 3-4 years later, and the differences in their behaviour towards
      their siblings as 2- to 3-year-olds were correlated with differences in their
      mothers' accounts of the sibling relationship at the 6-year visits.

PMID- 4019621
TI  - Influence of Yoruba beliefs about abnormality on the socialization of deaf
      children: a research note.
AB  - The study examines patterns of communication modes of guidance and discipline and
      affectional bonds between 176 Yoruba hearing mothers and their deaf children.
      Results relating to communication support earlier findings about the frustrations
      inherent in such endeavour. Contrary to other published reports, the Yoruba
      mothers studied perceived expressive linguistic abilities of deaf children more
      negatively than receptive abilities. Communication difficulties affected mothers'
      guidance and discipline, particularly since the culturally preferred modes of
      discipline rely very heavily on children's age-related language competence.
      Mothers' verbal claims of affectional bonds were not supported by evidence from
      other sources close to and including the deaf children.

PMID- 4019622
TI  - Electrodermal activity of undersocialized aggressive children: a pilot study.
AB  - Electrodermal activity of 11 children with conduct disorder (CD) and 11 normal
      children were compared during periods of rest, moderate tone and loud bell
      stimulation. The CD group was best differentiated from controls by lower
      reactivity to the first bell, while on tonic measures they showed normal values.
      The electrodermal profile of the CD children thus resembled that of adult
      sociopaths on phasic measures only. The possibility of using electrodermal
      measures for predicting outcome and for differential diagnosis is raised.

PMID- 4019623
TI  - [Application of electrochemical detection to the analysis of some residues of
      carbamate insecticides by high performance liquid chromatography].
AB  - A new high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of residues of some
      carbamate insecticides with electrochemical detection after degradation of
      molecules as the phenols is described. Residues of carbamate insecticides in
      vegetables can be quantified with high sensitivity.

PMID- 4019624
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of d-/l-epinephrine
      enantiomer ratio in lidocaine-epinephrine local anesthetics.
AB  - A procedure for the determination of the ratio of d- to l-epinephrine in
      lidocaine-epinephrine local anesthetics is described. Epinephrine was isolated
      via Sep-Pak cartridges and derivatized with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D
      glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate; the d- and l-chiral derivatives were separated and
      measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. About 70 samples of various
      dosage forms and concentrations from four manufacturers were successfully
      analyzed by the method.

PMID- 4019625
TI  - Improvement of chemical analysis of antibiotics. VIII. Application of prepacked
      C18 cartridge for the analysis of tetracycline residues in animal liver.
AB  - A simple, rapid and precise analytical method for tetracycline (TC) residues in
      the liver of slaughtered animals has been established. The recoveries of
      oxytetracycline (OTC), TC, chlortetracycline (CTC) and doxycycline (DC) from beef
      liver spiked at the level of 1.0 ppm were 87.7, 87.5, 79.6 and 67.5% with
      coefficients of variations of 1.01-2.87%. Detection limits in beef liver were
      0.05 and 0.1 ppm for OTC and TC and for CTC and DC, respectively. It is also
      possible to apply this method to the analysis of residual TCs in various foods
      with the same recovery, accuracy and detection limits as in the case of beef
      liver.

PMID- 4019626
TI  - Gas chromatographic patterns of some apple surface wax constituents.

PMID- 4019627
TI  - Quantitation of caffeine in doping analysis using an automated
      extractor/concentrator.

PMID- 4019628
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of adenine nucleotides in
      biological materials. Improvements and adaptations to routine analysis.

PMID- 4019629
TI  - Improved method for gas chromatographic determination of phytanic acid.

PMID- 4019630
TI  - Determination of preservatives in cosmetic products by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. II.

PMID- 4019631
TI  - Production of mutagenic artifacts by the action of residual chlorine on XAD-4
      resin.
AB  - XAD resins are commonly used to recover and concentrate organics from chlorinated
      water. It was found that the action of residual chlorine on XAD-4 resin produced
      mutagenic artifacts in a dose dependent manner. The production of mutagenic
      artifacts could be suppressed at least ten-fold by converting free chlorine to
      monochloramine. Kinetic studies of the reaction between free chlorine and XAD-4
      resin showed a reaction rate dependence upon pH and chloride ion concentration
      that suggests participation of species besides hypochlorous acid.

PMID- 4019632
TI  - Thin-layer chromatographic screening procedure for undeclared synthetic drugs in
      Chinese herbal preparations.
AB  - A simple and rapid thin-layer chromatographic procedure was developed for the
      detection and presumptive identification of seventeen synthetic drugs previously
      reported as adulterants of Chinese herbal preparations. Depending on its
      complexity, the sample may be directly extracted into aqueous ethanol, or
      stepwise fractionated into acidic, basic, and neutral components. Extracts are
      analyzed on silica gel layers containing a fluorescent indicator with the aid of
      two solvent systems. Spots are visualized under short and long wavelength
      ultraviolet lights. The procedure was successfully tested on synthetic and
      commercial samples.

PMID- 4019633
TI  - High-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of dialysable materials in
      allergen extracts.

PMID- 4019634
TI  - Determination of paracetamol, salicylic acid and acetyl salicylic acid in serum
      by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4019635
TI  - Simple method for the determination of diaminopimelic acid in rumen liquor
      hydrolysates.

PMID- 4019636
TI  - A method for the determination of S-methylcysteine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography: application to the study of carcinogenic methylating agents.

PMID- 4019637
TI  - Formation and metabolism of pungent principle of Capsicum fruits. XV.
      Microdetermination of capsaicin by high-performance liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection.
AB  - A new, highly sensitive method for quantitative separation and determination of
      capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin by high-performance liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection is elaborated. The method employs a Cosmosil 5Ph column
      eluted with 100 mM potassium dihydrogenphosphate containing 45% acetonitrile (pH
      5.0) at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min, and an electrochemical detector (at a
      potential of +750 mV versus the Ag/AgCl electrode). The detection limits for both
      capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were 12 pg (39 fmol) at a signal-to-noise ratio of
      3:1. By applying this method, the biological half-life of capsaicin in the rat
      was investigated.

PMID- 4019638
TI  - Determination of isoniazid, acetylisoniazid, acetylhydrazine and
      diacetylhydrazine in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of
      isoniazid, acetylisoniazid, acetylhydrazine and diacetylhydrazine (plasma and
      urine) was developed. The m-chlorobenzoyl derivatives of isoniazid,
      acetylhydrazine and the internal standard propionylhydrazine were prepared,
      separated on a RP-18 column and detected at 220 nm. Acetylisoniazid,
      diacetylhydrazine and the internal standard dipropionylhydrazine were converted
      to isoniazid, acetylhydrazine, and propionylhydrazine by acidic hydrolysis and
      subsequently derivatized with m-fluorobenzoyl chloride, separated on a RP-18
      column and detected at 220 nm. The lower limits of detection in plasma are
      acetylhydrazine 0.5 nmol/ml, isoniazid 1.0 nmol/ml, diacetylhydrazine 1.0 nmol/ml
      and acetylisoniazid 2.0 nmol/ml, and in urine, acetylhydrazine 10 nmol/ml,
      isoniazid 15 nmol/ml, diacetylhydrazine 20 nmol/ml and acetylisoniazid 40
      nmol/ml. This method is sensitive, reproducible, accurate and precise; therefore,
      it is well suited for detailed pharmacokinetic studies.

PMID- 4019639
TI  - Quantitative determination of tolazoline in serum and urine.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the analysis
      of tolazoline in serum and urine. This assay procedure is suitable for the
      analysis of micro-samples (50 or 100 microliters serum and 100 microliters
      urine). Samples are extracted in a single step and injected into a reversed-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography system for detection at 210 nm. The
      clinical applicability of this assay is demonstrated by the determination of
      tolazoline serum and urine concentrations in neonates. In addition, the presence
      of urine conjugates and the extent of serum protein binding were investigated.
      This assay procedure has the required sensitivity (0.1 microgram/ml), accuracy
      and precision for both routine monitoring and pharmacokinetic characterization of
      tolazoline in neonates and adults.

PMID- 4019640
TI  - Analysis of meperidine and normeperidine in serum and urine by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the
      simultaneous analysis of meperidine and normeperidine in serum and urine. A 1-ml
      sample aliquot is extracted into hexane, then back-extracted into a small volume
      of dilute acid which is injected onto a cyanopropyl analytical column. Absorbance
      of the column effluent is monitored at 205 nm. Two internal standards are
      employed, diphenhydramine for meperidine and nordiphenhydramine for
      normeperidine. Chromatography of the four compounds takes 4 min. Serum
      concentration--time curves of meperidine and normeperidine are presented for
      eight healthy subjects following single 70-mg bolus injections of meperidine.

PMID- 4019641
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diclofenac and its
      monohydroxylated metabolites in biological fluids.
AB  - Sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assays for
      diclofenac and its monohydroxylated metabolites in biological fluids are
      described. Using ultraviolet detection at 282 nm, diclofenac is assayed in plasma
      at concentrations down to 10 ng/ml; total (free + conjugated) diclofenac and its
      monohydroxylated metabolites (the sum of 3'- + 4'-hydroxydiclofenac and 5
      hydroxydiclofenac) are assayed in urine after chemical hydrolysis at
      concentrations down to 200 ng/ml. The applicability of the described assays is
      shown.

PMID- 4019642
TI  - Urinary excretion of N-acetylamino acids.

PMID- 4019644
TI  - Determination of bile acids in rat bile by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 4019643
TI  - Determination of adult sheep plasma catecholamines using [3H]norepinephrine as
      the internal standard.

PMID- 4019645
TI  - Rapid and simple method for quantitative determination of non-protein sulphydryls
      in mouse liver by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4019646
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis for fluorescein and fluorescein
      monoglucuronide in plasma.

PMID- 4019647
TI  - Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for 5-(2-bromo-E
      ethenyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and its metabolite, 5-(2-bromo-E-ethenyl)uracil, in
      plasma.

PMID- 4019648
TI  - Determination of amoxapine and metabolites in plasma by liquid chromatography
      with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 4019649
TI  - Determination of apomorphine in rat plasma and brain by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 4019650
TI  - Analysis of the toxicologically relevant metabolites of phenytoin in biological
      samples by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4019651
TI  - Timolol determination in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

PMID- 4019652
TI  - Gas chromatographic profiling of phenolic acids in urine of patients with
      cirrhosis of the liver.
AB  - Phenolic acids are analysed within the profile of the organic acids in urine of
      patients with cirrhosis. For the following constituents an increased urinary
      excretion is observed: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, 4
      hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyhippuric acid, vanillic
      acid, homovanillic acid, 4-hydroxymandelic acid, 4-hydroxy-3
      methoxyphenylpropionic acid and p-cresol. The phenols are metabolites of tyrosine
      and are produced in the liver, in extrahepatic tissues and by intestinal
      microorganisms. They are suggested as biochemical control parameters for the
      metabolizing function of the liver, for the effect of therapy and for the
      existence of portal-systemic venous collaterals.

PMID- 4019653
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 3-hydroxymethyl
      dibenzo[b,f]thiepin 5,5-dioxide and its acid metabolite in human plasma and
      urine.

PMID- 4019654
TI  - Determination of piperine in biological tissues by thin-layer chromatography and
      ultraviolet absorption densitometry.

PMID- 4019655
TI  - N-Methylation and N,N-dimethylation of amino acids. An artifact production in the
      analysis of organic acids using diazomethane as derivatizing agent.
AB  - In the fractions of the methyl esters of urinary organic acids seventeen N
      methylated or N,N-dimethylated amino acid methyl esters are identified by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. It is shown for twelve amino acids that their
      amino group reacts with diazomethane to form these derivatives. Using deuterated
      reagents, in particular deuterated diazomethane, in the sample preparation
      procedure during the organic acid analysis, it is shown that the N-methylated and
      N,N-dimethylated amino acids are artifacts from diazomethane and are not
      biochemical N-methylation products.

PMID- 4019656
TI  - Comparative evaluation of the radioenzymatic method for the determination of
      urinary histamine with a mass spectrometric assay.
AB  - Considerable inaccuracy and unreliability have recently been demonstrated to be
      associated with the widely used radioenzymatic methods for the determination of
      histamine in biological fluids. Urine appears to inhibit the methylation of
      histamine by histamine N-methyltransferase such that the radioenzymatic assay
      underestimates the concentration of histamine present in urine. Directly
      comparing the radioenzymatic assay with a recently developed reference method
      using mass spectrometry for the determination of urinary histamine, up to 34-fold
      differences in the levels of urinary histamine were found with the two methods.

PMID- 4019657
TI  - New application of high-performance liquid chromatography for analysis of urinary
      C-peptide.
AB  - A successful application of high-performance liquid chromatography for analysis
      of urinary C-peptide is described. Samples (1.0 ml of human urine) were first
      subjected to gel chromatography to remove interfering substances, and then
      applied to a reversed-phase column (LiChrosorb RP-18, 7 micron). The detection of
      C-peptide was performed using a highly specific radioimmunoassay. With the newly
      developed techniques, at least four forms of immunoreactive C-peptide were
      detected in human urine. One of these peptides was indistinguishable from
      authentic C-peptide. The present study has clearly demonstrated the heterogeneity
      of urinary C-peptide.

PMID- 4019658
TI  - Quantitative analysis of veralipride in plasma and urine by gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection.
AB  - A highly sensitive and selective quantitative assay for unchanged veralipride has
      been developed. The compound is extracted from alkalized samples (plasma or
      urine) with dichloromethane and converted to its trimethylated derivative by
      reaction with trimethylanilinium hydroxide. The reaction mixture is then
      chromatographed on a 3% OV-1 column. Trimethylated derivatives of plasma samples
      were assayed by selected-ion monitoring in the chemical-ionization mode and
      quantified by comparing the intensity of the quasi-molecular ion m/z 426 (M + H)
      with the intensity of the corresponding ion from trideuterated internal standard,
      m/z 429 (M + H). Flame-ionization detection was used for the assay of urine
      samples. The peak height ratio of trimethylated veralipride over trimethylated
      sulpiride, the internal standard, was used for quantitation of urine samples. A
      relative standard deviation of less than 10% was found when quantifying 10 ng/ml
      veralipride in plasma or 1 microgram/ml in urine.

PMID- 4019659
TI  - Analysis of buprenorphine and its N-dealkylated metabolite in plasma and urine by
      selected-ion monitoring.
AB  - A selected-ion monitoring method was developed for determination of buprenorphine
      and its N-dealkylated metabolite (norbuprenorphine) in human plasma and urine. N
      Propylnorbuprenorphine was added as internal standard to 2-3 ml of sample and the
      alkaloids were extracted with toluene-2 butanol at pH 9.4. After back-extraction
      in dilute sulphuric acid, the compounds were heated at 110 degrees C. This
      procedure led to quantitative loss of methanol followed by ring formation between
      the 6-methoxy group and the branched side-chain of all compounds. The derivatives
      were extracted into dichloromethane-2-butanol and treated with
      pentafluoropropionic anhydride. The resulting derivatives were suitable for
      selected-ion monitoring analysis. The coefficient of variation was found to be
      4.5% at 5 ng/ml and 8.9% at 50 ng/ml in urine. The corresponding values for
      plasma were 6.2% and 5.3%, respectively. The lower limit of detection in plasma
      was 150 pg/ml, permitting analysis of plasma levels of buprenorphine for 24 h and
      urine levels of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine for more than seven days after
      a therapeutic dose of buprenorphine. This method is the first with sufficient
      specificity and sensitivity for characterization of the clinical pharmacokinetics
      of buprenorphine.

PMID- 4019660
TI  - Determination of dextromethorphan and metabolites in human plasma and urine by
      high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
AB  - Sensitive methods were developed for the analysis of dextromethorphan (I) and two
      metabolites, (+)-17-methyl-morphinan-3-ol (II) and (+)-morphinan-3-ol (III), in
      plasma as well as dextromethorphan and three metabolites II, III and (+)-3
      methoxymorphinan (IV) in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography
      followed by detection with a fluorometer. Dextromethorphan and its metabolites
      were extracted from plasma and urine and separated in the reversed-phase mode.
      The practical lower limits of determination for I, II, and III in plasma were
      0.5, 5, and 5 ng/ml, respectively; for I, II, III, and IV in urine, the limits
      were 20 ng/ml, 0.6 microgram/ml, 0.5 microgram/ml, and 15 ng/ml, respectively.
      The linearity of the calibration graphs was excellent (r varied from 0.9994 to
      0.9999) over concentration ranges of two orders of magnitude.

PMID- 4019661
TI  - Determination of promethazine in human plasma by automated high-performance
      liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and by gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry.
AB  - A highly specific and sensitive method using automated high-performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) and a method using gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been developed for the quantitative
      determination of promethazine in plasma. The lowest detectable concentration by
      HPLC-ED is 0.1 ng/ml of plasma and by GC-MS 0.5 ng/ml of plasma. The HPLC-ED
      method incorporates a valve switching unit to prevent all of the electroactive
      impurities from entering the electrode compartment, thus maintaining the
      sensitivity of the detector for the analyses of large numbers of samples. The GC
      MS method incorporates the highly specific selected-ion monitoring technique.
      Plasmas derived from healthy subjects each given a single 50-mg oral dose of
      promethazine were analyzed by both HPLC-ED and GC-MS. The two methods compare
      favorably with a correlation coefficient of 0.92 and a slope of 1.059. While both
      methods are suitable for studying single-dose pharmacokinetics of promethazine,
      the automated HPLC-ED method has a decided advantage in being more sensitive and
      suitable for unattended overnight analyses of the large number of samples
      encountered in pharmacokinetic studies. The specificity of the HPLC-ED method is
      demonstrated by comparison to the GC-MS analysis of biological samples.

PMID- 4019662
TI  - Metabolic studies of explosives. II. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass
      spectrometry of metabolites of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.
AB  - A series of metabolites of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene were studied by combined high
      performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. These metabolites are formed
      mainly by oxidation and reduction processes. Separations were done on a C8
      reversed-phase column, using acetonitrile-water at various relative
      concentrations as mobile phases, followed by ultraviolet and on-line mass
      spectrometry with a direct liquid insertion probe liquid chromatograph-mass
      spectrometer interface. The mass spectra obtained were chemical-ionization
      spectra with the mobile phase as reagent. Mass spectra obtained included mainly
      reduced ions, adduct ions and typical fragment ions. The combination of high
      performance liquid chromatographic separation with on-line mass spectrometry was
      found to be a suitable method for the identification of the investigated
      metabolites.

PMID- 4019663
TI  - Determination of cimetidine and metabolites in plasma by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatographic radial compression technique.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the detection of cimetidine
      and its metabolites in plasma was developed which has a short analysis time and
      good resolution. The total analysis time was approximately 11 min. The standard
      curves were linear over the concentrations used for all compounds and the
      sensitivity limits were good. The coefficient of variation for within-day and
      between-day analysis was less than 4.2% for all compounds with the exception of
      guanyl urea cimetidine, which was approximately 10%. Currently, this assay is
      being used in a pharmacokinetic study of plasma and gastric aspirate samples
      obtained from a critically ill pediatric population.

PMID- 4019664
TI  - Determination of nitrazepam and its main metabolites in urine by thin-layer
      chromatography and direct densitometry.
AB  - A method for the direct quantitative densitometry of nitrazepam and its main
      metabolites (7-aminonitrazepam, 7-acetamidonitrazepam and 2-amino-5
      nitrobenzophenone) in urine was developed. The unchanged drug and its metabolites
      were extracted with benzene-dichloromethane (4:1), subjected to thin-layer
      chromatography, and determined by direct ultraviolet densitometry. Recovery
      experiments showed that the method was quantitative. The limit of detection was 5
      ng/ml for 2-amino-5-nitrobenzophenone and 10 ng/ml for other compounds. The
      method was applied to the determination of nitrazepam and its metabolites
      excreted in human urine after administration of 10 mg of the drug.

PMID- 4019665
TI  - Improved analysis of acetylcholine and choline in canine brain and blood samples
      by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4019666
TI  - Determination of diprobutine in human plasma using gas-liquid chromatography with
      nitrogen-selective detection.

PMID- 4019667
TI  - Micro high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of acetaminophen and its
      major metabolites in plasma and urine.

PMID- 4019668
TI  - Improved assay procedure for tripamide in blood.

PMID- 4019669
TI  - Assay of lipids in dog myocardium using capillary gas chromatography and
      derivatization with boron trifluoride and methanol.
AB  - The fatty acids of three lipid classes (free fatty acids, triglycerides, and
      cholesteryl esters) from dog heart were analysed by gas chromatography. Samples
      of the left ventricle were homogenized and total lipids were extracted. After
      separation by thin-layer chromatography, the bands of the lipid classes studied
      were scraped off, transmethylated according to the boron trifluoride-methanol
      procedure, and the fatty acid methyl esters were extracted and analysed. The
      problems related to the quantitation of fatty acids were investigated, namely
      transmethylation procedure, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatographic
      conditions. Fatty acid methyl esters were separated on capillary columns coated
      in the laboratory with SP 2340 stationary phase. The high performance of the
      separation ensured the reliability and the precision of the analysis.

PMID- 4019670
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of cardiolipin.
AB  - Resolution of freshly prepared and of commercially available (degraded) samples
      of cardiolipin into 15-30 components has been accomplished by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography using a 3-micron particulate Microsorb C18
      column irrigated with linear gradients of acetonitrile--methanol--10 mM phosphate
      buffer pH 7.4. Selected resolved components were crystallized and characterized
      by infrared absorption spectra. Saponification of other components and
      identification of component fatty acids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography demonstrated the presence of ten fatty acids (14:0, 14:1, 16:0,
      16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:0, 20:4), with linoleic acid (18:2) identified
      in all resolved components. From fatty acid composition data it appears that
      several resolved fractions consist of single cardiolipin molecular species.

PMID- 4019671
TI  - Simplified procedure for specific determination of imino acids in human blood
      plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - After deproteinization with 70% aqueous ethanol and evaporation to dryness, a
      plasma sample was subjected to the formol reaction. Then Dns derivatization of
      imino acids was carried out for 20 min at 37 degrees C. An aliquot of the
      resulting solution was subjected to reversed-phase chromatography using
      continuous gradient elution with acetonitrile-50 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.0) as
      solvent system. This method is selective for imino acids. Hydroxyproline and
      proline levels could be determined using 30 microliter of plasma.

PMID- 4019673
TI  - Drug level monitoring.

PMID- 4019672
TI  - Application of a capillary gas chromatographic-selected-ion recording mass
      spectrometric technique to the analysis of diethylstilbestrol and its
      phosphorylated precursors in plasma and tissues.
AB  - A method for the analysis of diethylstilbestrol (DES) which is suitable for
      pharmacokinetic studies has been developed using capillary gas chromatographic
      (GC) separation and detection with selected-ion mass spectrometry (MS). This
      technique has been applied to a variety of samples including human plasma samples
      and extracts of animal tissues including prostate and liver. To investigate the
      pharmacokinetics of stilphostrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate) we have
      modified the GC-MS method in two ways. One modification involves a dual assay for
      DES; the first a direct assay, and the second after hydrolysis of a sample with
      alkaline phosphatase. The difference in these values is the amount of
      phosphorylated DES present. The other modification separates stilphostrol and DES
      using a reversed-phase, ion-paired high-performance liquid chromatographic method
      followed by alkaline phosphatase hydrolysis followed by the GC-MS method. The
      details of these three methods are described and some representative data are
      shown.

PMID- 4019674
TI  - Identification of metabolites diagnostic for organic acidurias by simultaneous
      dual-column capillary gas chromatography.
AB  - To offer a procedure with increased resolution compared to packed-column gas
      chromatography, we developed a dual-capillary method of gas chromatography for
      diagnosing organic acidurias. We derivatized and injected organic acids
      repeatedly on two different bonded phase columns (DB-1, DB-1701) to establish a
      table of methylene units. Compounds in urine specimens were identified by their
      characteristic pair of methylene units. With this method, we are able to identify
      120 metabolites in urine. Accordingly, the procedure provides a cost-effective
      alternative to routine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4019675
TI  - Determination of proquazone and its m-hydroxy metabolite by high-performance
      liquid chromatography. Clinical application: pharmacokinetics of proquazone in
      children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A method for the determination of proquazone and its m-hydroxy metabolite in
      serum and urine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is
      described. The technique is based on a single extraction of the unchanged drug,
      its metabolite and an internal standard from serum or urine with chloroform. The
      column was packed with mu Bondapak C18 and the mobile phase was acetonitrile-
      water (50:50) (pH 3). The detection limits for proquazone and its metabolite were
      0.02 mumol/l using 500 microliters of sample. For the determination of the total
      m-hydroxy metabolite only 100 microliters of sample are needed. The method
      described is suitable for routine clinical and pharmacokinetic studies. The
      clinical application of this method suggests that the pharmacokinetics of
      proquazone in adults and children are similar.

PMID- 4019676
TI  - Determination of amino acids by separation of their ion pairs with dodecyl
      sulphate.
AB  - The ion pairs of amino acids with dodecyl sulphate were separated on a reversed
      phase column (Beckman Ultrasphere I.P.) using a sequence of eluents that are
      prepared by mixing 0.2 M phosphoric acid (containing 10 mM sodium dodecyl
      sulphate), 0.2 M sodium acetate (pH 4.50; containing 10 mM sodium dodecyl
      sulphate) and methanol. the amino acids commonly occurring in tissues, except
      taurine and related weakly basic amino acids, can be analysed at a rate of 95 min
      per sample at a sensitivity of less than 50 pmol per amino acid. Elution modes
      for specific amino acids (alpha-difluoromethylornithine, gamma-vinyl-4
      aminobutyric acid, 4-aminobutyric acid, putreanine) and non-essential amino acids
      that allow higher separation rates are reported. The method is suitable for fully
      automated routine amino acid analysis.

PMID- 4019677
TI  - Determination of desferoxamine and a major metabolite by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Application to the treatment of aluminium-related disorders.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatography method is described that permits
      separation and quantification of desferoxamine, a major metabolite, the iron(III)
      and the aluminum(III) chelates of desferoxamine. This method now facilitates
      pharmacokinetic studies on desferoxamine and derivatives designed to study side
      effects and metabolite patterns in patients undergoing treatment.

PMID- 4019678
TI  - Determination of fatty acids of the bacteria Streptomyces R61 and Actinomadura
      R39 by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4019679
TI  - Unusual fatty acids from amniotic fluid phospholipids.

PMID- 4019680
TI  - Rapid separation of plasma lipoproteins by gel permeation chromatography on
      agarose gel Superose 6B.

PMID- 4019681
TI  - Routine determination of unconjugated 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in plasma
      using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 4019682
TI  - Assay of urinary phenylacetic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4019683
TI  - Simple and sensitive assay of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in human cerebrospinal
      fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 4019684
TI  - Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography of bases and nucleosides in
      cerebral DNA of rat foetus.

PMID- 4019685
TI  - Ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of isoniazid and
      acetylisoniazid in plasma and urine. Application for acetylator phenotyping.

PMID- 4019686
TI  - Simultaneous determination of serum vitamin A and E by liquid chromatography with
      fluorescence detection.

PMID- 4019687
TI  - Determination of propisomide, a new antiarrhythmic agent, in biological samples
      by gas chromatography with a thermionic detector.

PMID- 4019688
TI  - Separation of the enantiomers of intact sulfate conjugates of adrenergic drugs by
      high-performance liquid chromatography after chiral derivatization.

PMID- 4019689
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of
      bromodeoxyuridine and its major metabolite, bromouracil, in biological fluids.

PMID- 4019690
TI  - Measurement of meptazinol in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography
      with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 4019691
TI  - Highly sensitive assay for choline acetyltransferase activity by high-performance
      liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A highly sensitive assay for choline acetyltransferase activity by high
      performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was devised.
      This assay method is based on the separation of acetylcholine and choline on a
      Develosil Ph-5 reversed-phase column (a phenyl column), followed by their
      enzymatic conversion to hydrogen peroxide through post-column reaction with
      acetylcholinesterase and choline oxidase. The sensitivity of the system is
      excellent and 5 pmol of acetylcholine enzymatically formed could be detected. The
      linearity between the peak height and the amount of acetylcholine was observed
      over the range of 5 pmol to 5 nmol. Some enzymatic properties were investigated
      by using a soluble fraction of bovine caudate nucleus as enzyme. The Michaelis
      constants of the enzyme for choline and acetyl coenzyme A were 0.3 mM and 0.03
      mM, respectively. The enzyme exhibited the maximum activity over the pH range 7.4
      9.5. The regional distribution of choline acetyltransferase activity in rat brain
      was examined. The order of the activity from the highest to the lowest agreed
      with the reported brain distribution of the enzyme: striatum, pons plus medulla
      oblongata, cerebral cortex, thalamus plus hypothalamus, olfactory bulb and
      cerebellum.

PMID- 4019692
TI  - Quantitative analysis of vigabatrin in plasma and urine by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4019693
TI  - Quantitation of levorphanol in plasma using high-performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 4019694
TI  - Quantitative determination of perphenazine and its dealkylated metabolite using
      high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4019695
TI  - Microanalyses of beta-cyclodextrin in plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Procedures for the micro-determination of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD) in plasma
      were investigated by four methods using high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC). In methods A and B, underivatized beta-CyD was detected with a refractive
      index detector and determined by the absolute calibration graph method. An NH2
      bonded silica/acetonitrile-water system was used in A and a C18-bonded
      silica/methanol-water system in B. In method C, the percarbanilate of beta-CyD
      was separated on a C8-bonded silica column with acetonitrile-water and determined
      using gamma-CyD as the internal standard with a UV detector at 231 nm. In method
      D, the per[1-14C]acetate of beta-CyD was fractionated on a silica column with n
      hexane-ethanol containing 1% of water and the radioactivity of each fraction was
      measured with a liquid scintillation counter. gamma-CyD was used as the internal
      standard. Interfering plasma proteins were removed by centrifugal ultrafiltration
      with an MPS-1 micro-partition system. Method B was superior to the other methods
      with respect to ease of sample preparation, sensitivity and time required for
      analysis. The cumulative amount of beta-CyD in the mesenteric vein absorbed from
      the rat intestinal lumen after administration of phenobarbital-beta-CyD complex
      in a closed loop method was determined by the use of method B.

PMID- 4019696
TI  - Improvement of ion chromatography with ultraviolet photometric detection and
      comparison with conductivity detection for the determination of serum cations.
AB  - Studies were made of the analytical conditions required for indirect photometric
      ion chromatography using ultraviolet photometric detection (UV method) for the
      determination of serum cations following a previously developed serum pre
      treatment. The sensitivities of the conductivity detection (CD) and UV methods
      and the amounts of serum cations determined by both methods were compared.
      Attempts to improve the sensitivity of the conventional UV method are reported.
      It was found that the mobile phase previously reported by Small and Miller showed
      no quantitative response when more than 4 mM copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate was
      used. As a result, there was no significant difference in the amounts of serum
      cations shown by the CD and UV methods. However, by adding 0.5-5 mM cobalt(II)
      sulphate heptahydrate, nickel(II) sulphate hexahydrate, zinc(II) sulphate
      heptahydrate or cobalt(II) diammonium sulphate hexahydrate to 0.5-1.5 mM
      copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate, higher sensitivity and a quantitative response
      were attained.

PMID- 4019697
TI  - Quantitative determination of tramadol in human serum by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the quantitative
      determination of tramadol in human serum, plasma or whole blood samples is
      described. The method involves the use of [2H2, 15N]tramadol hydrochloride as an
      internal standard and chemical ionization with isobutane, employing single-ion
      monitoring for quantification. It is specific, sensitive and precise, and has
      high accuracy. The within-run coefficient of variation is about 1% between 25 and
      200 ng/ml and 1.8-2.9% at the lowest concentrations tested (6.25 and 12.5 ng/ml).
      The between-run coefficient of variation increases from 1.6% to 5.2% with
      decreasing concentration from 200 to 12.5 ng/ml. The calibration graphs were
      linear in the tested concentration range, and the accuracy of the assay was not
      dependent on the sample volume used. The detection limit was about 4 ng/ml for
      serum samples of 1 ml. The method proved suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.
      Its high sensitivity allows measurements of serum concentrations for at least 30
      h after the single administration of therapeutic doses of tramadol hydrochloride.

PMID- 4019698
TI  - Use of dual-column fused-silica capillary gas chromatography in combination with
      detector response factors for analytical toxicology.
AB  - Retention and detector response factor data have been given for 188 compounds on
      the DB1 capillary column using a dual nitrogen--phosphorus and flame ionization
      detection system. Factors affecting the detector response factor parameter in a
      dual-capillary column system have been discussed showing its advantage in drug
      screening.

PMID- 4019699
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cicletanide, a new
      diuretic, in plasma, red blood cells, urine and saliva.
AB  - A sensitive, selective and easy to use high-performance liquid chromatographic
      method for the determination of cicletanide, a new diuretic, in plasma, red blood
      cells, urine and saliva is described. After extraction of cicletanide together
      with an internal standard with diethyl ether, or diethyl ether-n-hexane (20:80)
      for urine, the sample extracts are chromatographed with water-methanol-acetic
      acid (50:50:0.3) as eluent on to a Nucleosil C18 column. Both compounds are
      detected by their ultraviolet absorption at 280 nm. The calibration graph was
      linear between 0.2 and 20 micrograms/ml for plasma and between 0.2 and 5
      micrograms/ml for the other biological fluids. The sensitivity limit was 20 ng/ml
      for plasma, red blood cells and saliva and 30 ng/ml for urine. The coefficients
      of variation of the between-day assays did not exceed 4.6% in plasma, 8.3% in red
      blood cells, 7.8% in urine and 4.2% in saliva for the lowest concentrations
      studied. The application of the method to a pharmacokinetic study of cicletanide
      after a single oral therapeutic dose in humans is reported.

PMID- 4019700
TI  - Physical characterization of PBCV virus by sedimentation field flow
      fractionation.
AB  - A virus (PBCV) from the symbiotic Chlorella-like algae of Paramecium bursaria has
      been characterized by sedimentation field flow fractionation (SdFFF). The method
      yields effective molecular weight M' (molecular weight X buoyancy factor) with a
      precision of better than 5% under a variety of experimental conditions. The value
      for M' is used to calculate true molecular weight values through combination with
      density values; densities were obtained from outside sources, from ultrasonic
      densitometry, and from sedimentation coefficients determined independently. The
      actual molecular weight is also determined through SdFFF analysis of the virus in
      carriers of different densities. Values for the particle diameter are obtained
      from SdFFF zone broadening studies. The various SdFFF characterization results
      are compared with molecular weight, particle size, and density values determined
      by conventional methods.

PMID- 4019701
TI  - Cardiovascular disease risk factors related to sexual maturation: the Oslo Youth
      Study.
AB  - This paper focuses on cardiovascular disease risk factors as they are influenced
      by sexual maturation. Serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, fasting
      triglycerides, blood pressure, height, weight and triceps skinfold thickness were
      investigated longitudinally in a population of 550 Norwegian adolescents aged 10
      14 years at the onset. Two identical surveys were conducted, the first in 1979
      and the last in 1981. Included in the study was a measure of developmental age,
      assessed by using sex maturity ratings formalized by Tanner. The physiological
      endpoints (except triglycerides) were more strongly related to developmental age
      than to age in years. Among 11 and 12 year old males, values not adjusted for
      sexual maturation stage underestimated height, weight and blood pressure and
      overestimated skinfold thickness, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. In 15
      and 16 year old males, unadjusted values overestimated height, weight and blood
      pressure, and underestimated total and HDL cholesterol. For females, unadjusted
      values underestimated height, weight, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness
      and blood pressure among 11-12 year olds and overestimated the same variables for
      15 and 16 year olds. These findings indicate that for adolescents, an index of
      physiological development more precise than chronological age should be included
      in epidemiological studies.

PMID- 4019702
TI  - Causes of death in Japanese diabetics. A 20-year study of death certificates.
AB  - Death certificates filed between 1960 and 1979 in Osaka, Japan were analyzed to
      study causes of death in diabetic patients. It was observed that diseases of the
      circulatory system increased continuously from 15.2% in 1960-1964 to 27.2% in
      1975-1979. Cerebrovascular disease and disease of heart were the leading causes
      of death throughout the study period. The rate of increase was much faster for
      disease of heart than for cerebrovascular disease, and there was only a small
      difference between them as cause of death in diabetic patients at the end of the
      observation period. Malignant neoplasms, cirrhosis of the liver, and pneumonia
      and bronchitis increased, whereas tuberculosis decreased sharply according to age
      adjusted mortality rate during the 20-year period. Analysis based on O/E ratios
      suggested higher risk of dying from ischemic heart disease, tuberculosis and
      cirrhosis of the liver in Japanese diabetics than in the general population in
      this country.

PMID- 4019703
TI  - The use of polytomous dual response data to increase power in case-control
      studies: an application to the association between dietary fat and breast cancer.
AB  - Computer simulation has been used to compare various methods for analyzing data
      from case-control studies when two response variables are available to measure a
      risk factor. When such variables are continuous or polytomous, and a dose
      response relationship exists, it is concluded that power may be increased by
      including individuals who are discordant on their responses. Failure to use the
      most appropriate method can lead to a substantial loss in power. The results are
      illustrated by reanalysis of data from an earlier case-control study of diet and
      breast cancer. This reanalysis has strengthened the evidence for a positive
      association between saturated fat intake and risk of breast cancer, with some
      suggestion that this association is limited to premenopausal women, in whom the
      increase in risk may be substantial.

PMID- 4019704
TI  - Population risk of cardiovascular disease: the Minnesota Heart Survey.
AB  - A decline in age-adjusted ischemic cardiovascular disease mortality has been
      observed in the United States during the past two decades. Among the leading
      explanatory hypotheses is improvement in the major known risk factors for heart
      attack and stroke in the general population, specifically hypertension, smoking,
      and lipid levels. To better understand risk factor trends, the Minnesota Heart
      Survey (MHS) began systematic risk factor surveys of the Minneapolis-St Paul
      population in 1980, (population 1.99 million). The metropolitan area was divided
      into 704 subareas (clusters) of approx. 1000 households each, utilizing
      geographic boundaries. In a two-stage cluster sampling technique, 40 subareas
      were randomly chosen and mapped. Approximately 8.75% of households were chosen
      from each subarea and selected residents age 25-74 years invited to participate.
      A total 4451 individuals participated in 1980-82. The response rate for a home
      interview was 81.9 and 84.4% for a subsequent survey center visit, producing an
      overall response of 69.1%. The age and sociodemographic characteristics of the
      survey participants were similar to those found in the 1980 census. The
      prevalence of hypertension was 18.3% in this population with 76.0% taking
      medications and 65.0% controlled. Total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels
      demonstrated age and sex differences similar to those reported elsewhere. Current
      smoking of cigarettes was equally prevalent in men (34.5%) and women (33.5%)
      although more men were former smokers (35.2 vs 20.6%). Comparison of the MHS with
      the National HANES II data (1976-80) indicates lower regular cigarette smoking
      among Minnesota males, with similar rates in females. Minnesota residents had
      better control of high blood pressure.

PMID- 4019705
TI  - Determining the duration of comparative clinical trials while allowing for cure.
AB  - Rubinstein et al. provide a technique for estimating the required length of
      accrual in a two treatment group randomized survival trial. An important
      parameter in this approach is the expected number of events as estimated by
      assuming exponential failure. When the underlying distribution of failure times
      displays a distinct plateau, as in many children's cancers (i.e. there is a
      "cure"), the assumption of exponential failure could be misleading. In this
      situation we propose the use of the general formulation in [1], but with the
      expected number of failures based on failure models with hazard functions which
      may decrease to zero. We suggest two such models and show that they provide a
      good fit in an example from Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG) trials, and that
      the determination of required trial duration depends strongly upon which model is
      assumed.

PMID- 4019706
TI  - Effects of pulmonary function on mortality.
AB  - Survivorship data from a 24 year longitudinal study of 874 male volunteers in the
      Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were used to assess the role of pulmonary
      function on total mortality. Even when age and smoking were considered, the ratio
      of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec to its predicted value was significantly
      associated with mortality from all causes. Individuals with poorer pulmonary
      function showed greater mortality during the follow-up period of this study. This
      relationship was also seen among never smokers in this sample, further supporting
      the hypothesis that impaired pulmonary function is itself a predictor of total
      mortality and may contribute to a number of disease processes.

PMID- 4019707
TI  - Chronic schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. The losses for parents, spouses
      and children compared.

PMID- 4019708
TI  - CPR.

PMID- 4019709
TI  - Sample size: clues, hints or suggestions.

PMID- 4019710
TI  - Presence of a nonlactogenic factor in human serum which synergistically enhances
      prolactin-stimulated growth of Nb2 rat lymphoma cells in vitro.
AB  - A nonlactogenic factor(s) which synergistically enhanced the effect of ovine PRL
      in stimulating the growth of Nb2 rat lymphoma cells in suspension culture was
      found in human serum. The identity of the factor is unknown, but it is heat
      stable, with a mol wt apparently in excess of 8000 daltons. It possesses no
      growth-stimulating activity in the absence of PRL. Insulin acts in a similar
      manner to this factor in the Nb2 bioassay, suggesting that the factor may be
      somatomedin-like, possibly related to the previously described synlactin.

PMID- 4019711
TI  - Monoclonal antibody recognition of multiple forms of estrogen receptor tagged
      with [125I]methoxy-iodovinyl estradiol in ovarian carcinomas.
AB  - Based on previous studies of the properties of moxestrol, we hypothesized that a
      radiohalogenated analog of moxestrol, [125I]11 beta-methoxy-17 alpha-iodovinyl
      estradiol [( 125I] MIVE2), should bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) in some
      ovarian adenocarcinomas (OVCA), thereby offering the potential for imaging and/or
      treatment of these cancers. We used monoclonal antibodies (H222, H226, and D547)
      against human breast cancer ER to identify the [125I]MIVE2-binding moiety in OVCA
      cytosols that is found on high salt sucrose gradients. After gel electrophoresis
      and western blotting, exposure of OVCA extracts to the ER antibodies, followed by
      exposure to goat antirat serum and then rat peroxidase antiperoxidase,
      demonstrated a moiety in OVCA that migrated indistinguishably from the ER in MCF
      7 human breast cancer cells and from that in specimens of breast cancer tissue.
      Because few studies have demonstrated efficacy of hormone management for OVCA, we
      also wanted to learn whether ER exists in multiple forms in OVCA, in view of the
      possibility that some forms may be inactive in regulating growth-dependent cell
      functions while retaining estrogen-binding capacity. By incubating the monoclonal
      antibodies H222, H226, and D547, each of which recognizes a different region on
      the ER protein, with OVCA cytosol fractions, we demonstrated that ER in OVCA can
      exist in multiple forms, some of which fail to express an H226-recognized site
      and some of which fail to express a D547-recognized site. This observation
      indicates that a relationship may exist between the presence or absence of
      certain forms of ER in ovarian epithelial cancer and a patient's response to
      hormone therapy.

PMID- 4019712
TI  - Age-related changes in the circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol in man.
AB  - We studied the effect of age on the circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol in 34
      normal subjects, aged 18-75 yr. Blood was sampled at 20-min intervals beginning
      at 2000 h, and the data were analyzed using the PULSAR program and the cosinor
      method. There was a negative correlation between age and the time of the maximum
      cortisol concentration (r = -0.548; P = 0.001), the time of the nadir cortisol
      concentration (r = -0.543; P = 0.001), and the acrophase (r = 0.528; P = 0.001).
      When the subjects were divided into those 39 yr of age and younger and 40 yr of
      age and older, the times of the cortisol nadir, maximum, and acrophase were
      significantly earlier in the older group. The interval between the nadir and peak
      cortisol levels was not significantly different, consistent with an age-related
      phase advance of the cortisol circadian rhythm. Quantitative indices of adrenal
      function, including the 24-h mean cortisol concentration and the number of
      cortisol peaks as well as their amplitude and duration, were not different in the
      two groups. There was a significant negative correlation between age and
      customary bedtime (r = -0.686; P = 0.001) that may explain, in part, the phase
      advance in the older subjects. This observation strengthens the evidence that
      sleep onset is a major factor contributing to synchronization of the cortisol
      rhythm. Alternative explanations are that age-related changes in the control of
      hormonal and other rhythms have important influences on sleep and activity
      schedules, or that sleep and cortisol variables do not influence each other, but
      are both the final expression of some central change.

PMID- 4019713
TI  - Evidence for the existence of des-Asp1-angiotensin II in human uterine and
      adrenal tissues.
AB  - Renin is present in various tissues outside the kidney. In contrast, the levels
      of angiotensins (ANG), the active products of the renin-angiotensin system, have
      not been thoroughly evaluated in tissues. In this study, we demonstrated the
      presence of immunoreactive (ir) ANG I and ANG II in various human tissues by RIA.
      Of the tissues examined, uterine tissue contained the most ir-ANG II. Since the
      anti-ANG II antibody used had significant cross-reactivity with ANG III, high
      performance liquid chromatography was performed to separate ANG II from ANG III.
      The major portion of the ir-ANG II in the plasma was ANG II. In contrast, the
      major portion of the ir-ANG II in uterine tissue was determined to be ANG III, a
      known biologically active peptide. The adrenal gland and testis also contained
      ANG III. From these results, it can be postulated that ANG III may contribute to
      the biological activity of ANG in some tissues.

PMID- 4019714
TI  - Prospective serum thyroglobulin measurements in assessing the risk of developing
      thyroid nodules in patients exposed to childhood neck irradiation.
AB  - We examined 327 patients with a history of cervical radiation treatment for
      benign conditions and followed them for an average of 5.6 yr. These patients were
      selected because they initially had normal examinations and normal serum
      thyroglobulin levels. Of the 327 patients, 48 developed thyroid nodules, and an
      additional 30 had other clinical changes in their thyroids. Serum thyroglobulin
      increased by 4.0 +/- 0.6 (+/- SEM) ng/ml in those who remained normal, by 13.4 +/
      5.2 ng/ml in those who were no longer normal, and by 17.1 +/- 8.2 ng/ml in those
      who developed nodules. We conclude that increasing levels of serum thyroglobulin
      identify patients who should be examined and followed more carefully for thyroid
      nodules and thyroid cancer.

PMID- 4019715
TI  - Heterogeneity of fracture syndromes in postmenopausal women.
AB  - Studies were performed on 32 women with vertebral crush fractures (mean age, 65.1
      yr) and 27 patients with recent hip fractures (mean age, 83.6 yr).
      Histomorphometric analysis of undecalcified transiliac crest biopsies revealed
      significant differences between the two fracture groups. Trabecular bone volume
      (TBV) was significantly lower in vertebral fracture than in hip fracture patients
      (12.0 +/- 4.4% (+/- SD) vs. 14.8 +/- 3.6%; P = 0.014), while thickness of
      cortices was significantly lower for hip fracture than for vertebral fracture
      patients (436 +/- 231 vs. 823 +/- 465 microns; P less than 0.001). The TBV and
      radial bone mass (measured by absorptiometry on the shaft) for the vertebral
      fracture group were significantly lower than age-expected values. For the
      patients with hip fractures, the TBV was significantly above the expected value,
      and radial bone mass was not significantly different from the expected value.
      Other quantitative histological measurements did not generally differ between the
      two fracture groups and were compatible with normal or increased bone remodeling.
      The serum PTH in the hip fracture group was significantly increased above that
      expected in normal women of similar age. These data demonstrate the anatomical
      heterogeneity of osteoporotic fracture syndromes. Patients with vertebral
      fractures have an early deficit of trabecular bone for their age, while those
      with hip fractures have a deficit of both cortical and trabecular bone compared
      to women of age 50 yr, but the deficit is not excessive compared to others of
      similar age without fractures.

PMID- 4019716
TI  - [Studies on side effects induced after inoculation with influenza vaccine. Groups
      of primary school children (between the ages of 6 and 13 years old) as subjects
      of study].

PMID- 4019717
TI  - [A study on the causes of an epidemic of influenza, especially an analysis of
      relative humidity as a main cause].

PMID- 4019718
TI  - Field adaptation in the horizontal cells. Rushtonian transformation.

PMID- 4019719
TI  - [Studies on the cellular immunological response in splenectomized or
      autotransplanted mice].

PMID- 4019720
TI  - [Isolation and subcellular localization of a large molecular iron binding protein
      in rat intestinal mucosa].

PMID- 4019721
TI  - [On social research in the field of public health].

PMID- 4019722
TI  - [Modified criteria for diagnosis of Kawasaki disease].

PMID- 4019723
TI  - [On death due to influenza].

PMID- 4019724
TI  - [An occupational health survey on beauticians in Japan (II)].

PMID- 4019725
TI  - An epidemiologic study on hepatitis B virus infection in Chiang Mai, 1983-1984.

PMID- 4019726
TI  - Cerebral blood flow and mental function in dementia.

PMID- 4019727
TI  - Genetic and developmental studies of a new mouse mutation that produces
      otocephaly.
AB  - A new recessive lethal mutation in mice that produces the otocephaly defect is
      described. The mutation, provisionally named oto is located on chromosome 1,
      within, or just outside of, a previously existing inversion, In(1)1Rk, and was
      probably induced by X-irradiation. The penetrance of oto is nearly complete on
      C57BL strain backgrounds but is reduced to a variable extent on other
      backgrounds. The previously reported liability to spontaneous otocephaly in the
      C57BL strains appears to increase the penetrance of oto. Studies of the sequences
      of developmental changes (conducted primarily by scanning electron microscopy)
      and of the range of defects indicate that a primary deficiency involving the
      anterior aspect of the embryonic disc occurs in affected individuals. An
      hypothesis related to deficiencies in mesodermal populations is presented as the
      basis for the craniofacial and brain defects observed.

PMID- 4019728
TI  - Temporomandibular malformations in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) fetus
      following maternal ingestion of thalidomide.
AB  - Structural abnormalities of the temporomandibular region were seen and described
      in the fetal bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) after maternal ingestion of
      thalidomide. A single oral dose of 10 mg/kg of thalidomide was given on day 24,
      25, 26, 27, 28 or 29 or 30 mg/kg on day 25 or 28 of gestation to 25 pregnant
      monkeys (day of mating = 0). The skeletons, processed and stained with alizarin
      red S, were examined for gross changes in configuration of craniofacial bones.
      Temporomandibular defects, in varying severity, were seen in four 70-day-old and
      seven 100-day-old fetuses associated with a single treatment between day 24 and
      day 28. The highest risk appeared to occur following treatment on day 25 (4/5)
      and the lowest on day 28 (2/8). Characteristic expression of the defects included
      1) temporo-zygomatic hyperplasia involving the articular tubercle and postglenoid
      process and 2) mandibular hypoplasia, primarily of the condyles and the angular
      and coronoid processes. Micrognathia, apertognathia, and partial extraarticular
      ankylosis were seen. Although the sensitivity periods of the temporomandibular
      and ear regions seem to overlap and the embryonic origins are similar, the
      defects of each region appeared to be independent. Although the ear demonstrated
      a definite temporal relationship characterized by a decrease in severity in the
      expression of the ear malformations with respect to increased gestational age at
      the time of thalidomide insult, the temporomandibular region failed to exhibit a
      specific pattern. Although the temporo-zygomatic hyperplasia was dissimilar to
      any reported human condition, the mandibular changes were similar.

PMID- 4019729
TI  - A preliminary study of mandibular shape.
AB  - There is a growing realization that traditional osteometric data are of uncertain
      scientific validity, primarily due to the lack of dissociation between size and
      shape parameters. This study was specifically based on the metrical definition of
      mandibular morphologic shape, using a technique termed medial axis
      transformation. It was based on the digitized mandibular outlines of three age
      sexed samples of microcephalics, macrocephalics, and normocephalics. Evaluation
      of the derived medial axis lengths and branch point distances indicated complex
      patterns of mandibular shape contrasts between microcephalics and macrocephalics
      on the one hand and normocephalics on the other. Although larger more homogeneous
      samples are required to evaluate the specific factors influencing mandibular
      shape, the present data suggest an association between mandibular shape and
      cranial form.

PMID- 4019730
TI  - Velopharyngeal variations in relatives of cleft-affected individuals.
AB  - Eighteen families each with two or more cleft lip and palate patients were
      studied by speech cephalometry for evidence of velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI).
      With this total of 56 persons, three groups were recognized: 1) patients with
      cleft lip only (N = 7), 2) unaffected sibs of CL(P) probands and the unaffected
      parents with the positive clefting history on their side of the family (N = 33),
      and 3) unaffected parents with negative CL(P) history to their side of the family
      (N = 16). The latter served as controls. The velopharyngeal mechanism in function
      was evaluated by voicing the fricative/S/. The results showed no significant
      differences in the length of either the resting soft palate or pharyngeal depth
      among the three groups. Even though a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in
      soft palate length while voicing /S/ was found in group 2 relatives compared to
      group 3 controls, the failure to find differences in either resting palate length
      or pharyngeal depth coupled with a failure to demonstrate VPI in group 2 subjects
      by speech testing leaves the value of this observation uncertain.

PMID- 4019731
TI  - Male-to-male transmission of the velo-cardio-facial syndrome: a case report and
      review of 60 cases.
AB  - The velo-cardio-facial syndrome is one of the most common syndromes of clefting.
      Previous reports have shown vertical pedigree transmission, but in all cases the
      gene was maternally transmitted. The genetics of this syndrome had been suspected
      as autosomal dominant, but X-linked dominant inheritance could not be ruled out.
      This report describes an instance of male-to-male transmission of the velo-cardio
      facial syndrome. In addition, the clinical findings in 60 cases are reported to
      further delineate the phenotypic spectrum of the syndrome.

PMID- 4019732
TI  - Genetic analysis in families with van der Woude syndrome.
AB  - We have brought together information on 864 affected individuals in 164 families
      (including three new pedigrees) reported in the 137 year period since 1845 when
      Demarquay first described a family with what was later called van der Woude
      syndrome (VWS). Both types of oral cleft, cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip with or
      without CP (CLP), segregate in these families together with lower lip pits or
      fistulae in an autosomal dominant mode with high penetrance estimated to be K =
      .89 and .99 by different methods. Cleft types (CLP and CP) occur in VWS in the
      same proportions as in the general non-VWS population, ie, about twice as many
      cleft-bearing individuals have CLP as have CP. On the other hand, we do not find
      the usually observed excess of females with CP and excess of males with CLP; in
      VWS the sex ratios are more nearly equal. Lip pits also are equally distributed
      between the sexes. Affected males and females are equally likely to transmit VWS.
      However, there is an excess of less severely affected individuals among
      transmitters and a deficiency of more severely affected, brought about by a
      proband bias and differential fecundity. The expression of VWS is significantly
      modified by the genetic background: More extreme phenotypes in parents tend to
      produce more extreme expression in their children. For a VWS gene carrier the
      relative risk of transmitting a cleft is 26.45%; that of transmitting lower lip
      pits is 23.55%. Three pedigrees of lip pits in the literature show no clefts
      among a significant number of affected individuals. Control of gene expression in
      VWS in the three target tissues appears to be independent and separately
      designated. Mutation rate of the VWS gene is calculated to be 1.8 X 10(-5).

PMID- 4019733
TI  - Fate of recombinants of the rat mandibular epithelium with cranial
      ectomesenchymal cells of different sources in vitro.
AB  - The recombinants of the mandibular molar bud epithelia with cranial
      ectomesenchymal cell groups from several different sources--mandibular molar
      area, tongue anlagen, and lateral nasal process--were cultured. Dental laminalike
      buds were developed in each of the recombinants (incidence of development 38
      86%). In the heterotrophic recombinants, heterotypic differentiation of
      mandibular epithelium was also induced. However, the foreign ectomesenchymal
      cells were not induced heterotypically by the epithelial genetic factor, but the
      mesenchymal genetic factor is maintained. It is suggested that mandibular molar
      bud epithelia have potency to proliferate into mesenchyme under non-organ
      specific influences of ectomesenchymal cells and that presumptive mandibular
      mucosal epithelia have multipotency for differentiation sensitive to inductive
      influences by the heterotypic cranial ectomesenchymal cells but that the
      mandibular molar bud epithelia have no heterotypic inductive activity for the
      differentiation of cranial ectomesenchymal cells.

PMID- 4019734
TI  - In vitro assessment of virulence in Yersinia enterocolitica and related species.
AB  - We have examined 136 isolates of Yersinia species, comprising 112 strains of
      Yersinia enterocolitica, 12 of Y. frederiksenii, 8 of Y. intermedia, and 5 of Y.
      kristensenii, for the presence of 40- to 50-megadalton virulence-associated
      plasmids and expression of the following plasmid-associated characteristics:
      Congo red pigmentation (CR), calcium dependence, autoagglutination,
      hydrophobicity, resistance to normal human serum, and pathogenicity in mice. All
      136 strains yielded both pigmented (CR+) and nonpigmented (CR-) variants. Only
      CR+ variants, however, were virulent for iron-overloaded, desferrioxamine B
      treated mice (R. M. Robins-Browne and J. K. Prpic, Infect. Immun. 47:744-779,
      1985). Although the in vitro virulence-associated characteristics generally
      occurred together, each one could be expressed independently. Strains of Y.
      frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, and Y. kristensenii also expressed individual
      virulence-associated properties. Of 53 Y. enterocolitica strains which were
      virulent for iron-overloaded, desferrioxamine-treated mice, all but one expressed
      every virulence-associated characteristic. Several strains which were avirulent
      for mice, however, demonstrated these characteristics in various combinations.
      Because many Yersinia strains, particularly environmental isolates, carried
      plasmids of 40 to 50 megadaltons, detection of plasmids provided little
      information about bacterial pathogenicity unless virulence-associated properties
      were also sought. The best in vitro predictor of virulence was autoagglutination,
      followed by calcium dependence. Because only CR+ variants expressed virulence
      associated determinants, Congo red pigmentation is useful for selecting
      potentially virulent strains.

PMID- 4019735
TI  - Evaluation of xylan fermentation for the identification of Bacteroides ovatus and
      Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
AB  - The reliability of xylan fermentation in distinguishing Bacteroides ovatus from
      Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was examined with strains previously identified by
      DNA homology studies or bacteriophage sensitivity testing or both. All of the 12
      B. ovatus strains produced acid ranging from pH 5.0 to 5.6 in peptone-yeast-xylan
      broth; none of the 19 B. thetaiotaomicron strains produced acid, and the final pH
      was 6.0 or 6.1. Xylan fermentation and bacteriophage sensitivity-DNA homology
      appear to be equivalent in their ability to differentiate these two Bacteroides
      species.

PMID- 4019736
TI  - Streptococcus pneumoniae type 16A, a hitherto undescribed pneumococcal type.
AB  - Some properties of a newly recognized pneumococcal capsular serotype, type 16A,
      are described, bringing the number of capsular types characterized to 84.

PMID- 4019737
TI  - Development of a bacteriophage typing system for Campylobacter jejuni and
      Campylobacter coli.
AB  - A bacteriophage typing system for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli was
      developed with phages isolated from poultry feces. Data for phage selection were
      generated from a set of isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli from humans in
      Illinois. Selection of 14 phages from the 47 phages available was assisted by
      determination of the Sneath-Jaccard similarity coefficients and subsequent
      unweighted pair-group arithmetic averaging cluster analysis. The typing set was
      reproducible and stable in the 255 isolates from Illinois. Of these isolates,
      94.5% were typable, with 46% represented by the four most common phage patterns.
      In a set of 51 isolates from humans outside of Illinois, 88.1% of the C. jejuni
      isolates were typable. Phage typing for C. jejuni and C. coli has excellent
      epidemiologic potential and should serve as a useful adjunct or alternative to
      serotyping systems in current use.

PMID- 4019738
TI  - Pseudodiffuse-type growth of a Staphylococcus aureus strain in serum-soft agar.
AB  - Strain MC31 of Staphylococcus aureus showed diffuse-type growth in regular serum
      soft agar (SSA) (pH 7.2), but in alkaline SSA (pH 8.4) the type of growth was
      compact. The organisms were of extra low virulence in the mouse and were
      unencapsulated. Based on three properties, the growth type of the S. aureus
      strains in SSA was designated as pseudodiffuse type.

PMID- 4019739
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the Lumac bioluminescence method for screening urine
      specimens.
AB  - A bioluminescence method for screening urine cultures to provide rapid reporting
      of negative specimens and to select appropriate urine cultures for direct
      application of automated identification methods was evaluated. A total of 2,000
      specimens were processed in the Lumac Biocounter (3M, St. Paul, Minn.), and the
      results were compared with quantitative culture techniques by using a 0.001-ml
      inoculating loop. A total of 841 specimens were positive by the bioluminescence
      method; 291 specimens were culture positive (greater than or equal to 50,000 CFU
      of one or two organisms per ml). Positive cultures represented more than 20
      different organisms. Approximately two-thirds of the false-positive results
      represented mixed flora or pure cultures of less than 5 X 10(4) organisms per ml.
      The predictive value of a negative result was 98.4%, reflecting a false-negative
      rate of only 0.7%. No advantages in cost or technician time were noted, but the
      Lumac method appears to be a useful technique in decreasing reporting time,
      especially for negative urine cultures.

PMID- 4019740
TI  - Mechanism of cross-contamination of blood culture bottles in outbreaks of
      pseudobacteremia associated with nonsterile blood collection tubes.
AB  - Several studies have identified nonsterile blood collection tubes as the
      reservoir for contaminating microorganisms in outbreaks of pseudobacteremia.
      Microorganisms are thought to be transferred from the nonsterile tubes to the
      blood culture tubes when blood is drawn for cultures, but the validity of this
      hypothesis has not previously been tested. We recently investigated an outbreak
      of Ewingella americana pseudobacteremia in which an epidemiological association
      was found between pseudobacteremia and the practice of drawing blood for
      culturing at the same time that blood for coagulation studies is drawn. The
      nonsterile coagulation tubes, prepared in the hospital, were contaminated with E.
      americana. We studied three different procedures that personnel reported using to
      inoculate blood culture tubes after dispensing blood into the coagulation tubes.
      Although the failure to change or remove the needle before inoculating the blood
      culture tubes resulted in the highest percentage of cross-contamination, we found
      that all the techniques we simulated carried some risk of cross-contamination
      when coagulation tubes were filled first.

PMID- 4019741
TI  - Invasiveness of Aeromonas spp. in relation to biotype, virulence factors, and
      clinical features.
AB  - Of 69 fecal isolates of Aeromonas spp., 18 had the ability to invade HEp-2 cells.
      Invasiveness correlated with biotype; of the 18 invasive strains, 16 were A.
      sobria and 2 were A. hydrophila. No invasive strains were found among the A.
      caviae. Of the 18 invasive strains, 13 were enterotoxigenic. Of the
      enterotoxigenic and invasive strains, 12 were A. sobria, but enterotoxicity was
      also more common among noninvasive strains of A. sobria. Fucose-resistant
      hemagglutination was also more common in A. sobria, but invasive strains were
      equally divided between fucose-resistant hemagglutination and other patterns.
      Detailed clinical information was available for 27 of the 69 strains. All 15
      strains of A. sobria or A. hydrophila associated with diarrhea were
      enterotoxigenic; 6 of the 10 strains of A. sobria were also invasive. Blood was
      present in the stool samples of five of the six patients with invasive A. sobria
      and in none of the patients with noninvasive strains. Although limited, these
      observations suggest that dysenteric symptoms may be produced by invasive
      Aeromonas spp.

PMID- 4019742
TI  - Isolation medium for the recovery of Pseudomonas cepacia from respiratory
      secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - A new medium for the isolation of Pseudomonas cepacia from respiratory tract
      secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is described. This medium
      consists of inorganic salts, 0.5% pyruvate, and 0.1% proteose peptone as
      nutritive components and 0.0001% crystal violet, 0.15% bile salts, 100 micrograms
      of ticarcillin per ml, and 300 U of polymyxin B per ml as selective agents. The
      medium, designated PC medium, supported superior growth of 38 of 50 stock
      isolates of P. cepacia after 48 h of incubation when compared with MacConkey agar
      (0 of 50). The medium completely inhibited the growth of 112 of 124 stock
      isolates of organisms commonly found in respiratory secretions of CF patients.
      Cultures were made on PC medium with respiratory secretions of 169 CF patients.
      P. cepacia was recovered from 35 patients with isolates on PC medium but from
      only 21 patients with isolates on MacConkey agar. Of 221 other potentially
      pathogenic isolates found in these specimens, only six (two Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa isolates, two molds, one yeast, and one Serratia marcescens isolate)
      grew on PC medium. PC medium should facilitate the recovery of P. cepacia from CF
      patients.

PMID- 4019743
TI  - Serogrouping of Bacteroides vulgatus by the agglutination test.
AB  - The agglutination technique was used to establish a serological classification
      scheme for Bacteroides vulgatus strains isolated from normal human feces and
      clinical specimens, especially from ulcerative colitis patients. Absorbed
      antisera to 10 strains of B. vulgatus were prepared. These 10 absorbed antisera
      were species specific. Of 90 B. vulgatus strains tested, 55 (61%) were
      agglutinated by one or more of these 10 absorbed antisera. A total of 27
      serological patterns were grouped into 18 serogroups; 10 of these serogroups
      contained only one group component, whereas the other 8 serogroups were composed
      of more than one component. This serological classification could be used to
      study the epidemiology of this organism.

PMID- 4019744
TI  - Clinical evaluation of three rapid methods for the detection of significant
      bacteriuria.
AB  - Random urine specimens (848) were screened for significant bacteriuria by using
      the 30-min Lumac (3M, St. Paul, Minn.), the 2-min Bac-T-Screen (Marion
      Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.), and the 13-h AutoMicrobic system (AMS)
      urine identification card (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.). MacConkey and 5%
      sheep blood agar plates were inoculated with a 10(-4) dilution of urine and used
      for the reference method. Bac-T-Screen results were uninterpretable for 9.1% of
      the specimens owing to either urine sample pigmentation (5.3%) or clogging of the
      filter (3.8%). Screen-negative urine specimens made up 49.6, 57.2, and 48.5% of
      the total number of specimens evaluated with AMS, Lumac, and Bac-T-Screen,
      respectively. False-positive results with Lumac and Bac-T-Screen were 20.6 and
      22.3%, respectively. False-negative results for cultures with greater than or
      equal to 10(4) CFU/ml were 22.0% with AMS, 29.4% with Lumac, and 25.5% with Bac-T
      Screen, and false-negative results for cultures with greater than or equal to
      10(5) CFU/ml were 29.6% with AMS, 9.9% with Lumac, and 7.0% with Bac-T-Screen.
      For each system, greater than 70% of false-negatives at greater than or equal to
      10(5) CFU/ml consisted of mixed or pure cultures of common contaminants. With any
      of these screening methods, a clinically significant isolate at greater than or
      equal to 10(5) CFU/ml would rarely be missed (less than or equal to 1.7% for all
      systems). A cost-effective and rapid approach to urine microbiology could consist
      of screening out negative specimens by either Lumac or Bac-T-Screen and
      processing only screen-positive specimens by the AMS.

PMID- 4019745
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in diagnosis of soft tissue infections.
AB  - This study explores the efficacy of fine-needle tissue aspiration biopsy in the
      diagnosis of soft tissue infections that cannot be sampled satisfactorily by
      regular microbiological techniques. Aspiration biopsy was performed on 50
      patients with presumptive soft tissue infections. The conditions investigated
      were decubitus, diabetic, ischemic, venous, and traumatic ulcers (2, 6, 1, 2, and
      7 patients, respectively), cellulitis (23 patients), chronic osteomyelitis (5
      patients), and infected surgical wounds (4 patients). Where possible, comparison
      with superficial cultures was made. All of the cultures obtained from aspirate
      samples taken from ulcers, chronic osteomyelitis, and infected surgical wounds
      were positive. In cellulitis, cultures from aspirates were positive in 30 and 81%
      of the cases, respectively, depending on the presence or absence of concomitant
      antimicrobial therapy. These results suggest that fine-needle deep tissue
      aspiration biopsy is reliable and clinically applicable for deep tissue sample
      collection. The procedure is simple, brief, and does not cause significant
      discomfort to the patient. It also plays an important role in providing a
      guideline for antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 4019746
TI  - Immunocytochemical demonstration of glial-neuronal interactions and
      myelinogenesis in subcultures of rat brain cells.
AB  - Subcultures have been established from primary rat brain cell cultures and have
      been characterised with a range of cell-specific immunocytochemical markers. The
      subcultures are mainly composed of fibrous astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and
      neurones. The cells do not divide to any great extent giving a system where it is
      possible to follow culture development at the cellular level for a number of
      weeks. During this time oligodendrocytes colonise subpopulations of neurones,
      differentiate further showing the presence of myelin basic protein and elaborate
      myelin-like membrane; the fibrous astrocytes remain scattered uniformly
      throughout the cultures. Radially oriented processes emerge from the
      oligodendrocyte-neurone aggregates which subsequently coalesce to form fascicles
      that link the clusters of cells together. These fascicles react with antibodies
      for both neurofilament protein and myelin basic protein. The subcultures provide
      a straightforward system that is composed of cells derived entirely from the CNS,
      is free from mitotic inhibitors and yet retains a sufficiently low cell density
      to allow immunocytochemical identification of the cell types present. The
      subcultures should be useful for the study of trophic interactions between
      oligodendrocytes and neurones as well as the early events associated with
      myelinogenesis.

PMID- 4019747
TI  - Comparison of three immunoassays in the screening and characterization of
      monoclonal antibodies against arginine-vasopressin.
AB  - A method for screening monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) to neuropeptides was
      evaluated using 8-arginine-vasopressin (AVP) as a model. Mice were immunized with
      AVP-thyroglobulin conjugate and their spleen cells were fused with X 63-Ag8.653
      mouse myeloma cells. The resulting hybridoma supernatants were screened for
      specific antibody production using 3 different assays: solid phase enzyme
      radioimmunoassay in Terasaki plates (Ter-ELISA), liquid phase radioimmunoassay
      (LPRIA) and an immunohistochemical technique. From 2 independent fusions, 7 McAbs
      specific for AVP were obtained. They belonged to the IgG1 subclass and reacted
      more strongly to the ring part of the nonapeptide. The screening strategy
      proposed relies upon a crude selection of conjugate-reacting hybridomas, followed
      by neuropeptide-specific hybridoma identification using both LPRIA (with
      radioiodinated synthetic peptide) and an immunohistochemical technique (to detect
      natural neuropeptide). During subcloning steps Ter-ELISA is then chosen, to
      select for specific clones and to eliminate those reacting with the carrier
      thyroglobulin.

PMID- 4019748
TI  - The main immunogenic region of acetylcholine receptors does not provoke the
      formation of antibodies of a predominant idiotype.
AB  - Anti-idiotype antibodies were induced in rats by immunization with rat monoclonal
      antibodies to the main immunogenic region of acetylcholine receptors. These anti
      idiotype antibodies showed very little crossreaction with other rat monoclonal
      antibodies which bind to the same region of the receptor. When the rats producing
      these anti-idiotype antibodies were immunized with receptor, they showed no net
      decrease in anti-receptor antibody production. These data indicate that, although
      more than half of the antibodies produced by rats immunized with receptor are
      directed at a small region, many anti-receptor idiotypes are involved in this
      response and anti-idiotype therapy is not beneficial.

PMID- 4019749
TI  - Antibody response of rabbits to nerve ending gangliosides. Analysis of antibody
      specificity by liposome lysis and lysis inhibition assays.
AB  - Rabbits were immunized with nerve ending fraction prepared from guinea pig brain.
      Serum antibodies to total gangliosides were followed by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay; their titers were highest at 2 to 3 weeks after immunization
      and some rabbits showed a response to reinjections. Specific reactivities of the
      antibodies against each molecular species of gangliosides were analyzed by
      liposome lysis assay and liposome lysis inhibition assay. Antibody responses were
      detected against GM1, GD1b, GM3 and GM2, but not against GD1a and GT1b. Natural
      and immune antibodies to the asialo glycolipids and to galactosylceramide were
      also observed.

PMID- 4019750
TI  - Spinal surgery in spinal muscular atrophy.
AB  - Fifteen patients with surgical treatment of spinal muscular atrophy were
      reviewed. The curve pattern was thoracic in 3, thoracolumbar in 11, and double
      thoracic and thoracolumbar in 1. Follow-up averaged 31 months. Eleven patients
      underwent posterior spinal fusion with Harrington instrumentation, with segmental
      wiring in four, and two had Luque instrumentation. The average age at time of
      surgery was 14.4 years. The average curve correction was 48%; that with the
      pelvic obliquity corrected, 63%. Surgery is best done when the curve is
      approximately 50-60 degrees, and Luque sublaminar wiring of Harrington or Luque
      rods with no external support appears to be the procedure of choice.

PMID- 4019751
TI  - The intrinsic vasculature of developing vertebral end plates and its nutritive
      significance to the intervertebral discs.
AB  - The structure and anatomical relationships of cartilage canals in the developing
      vertebral endplates of rabbits and humans are described in this study. In newborn
      rabbits, we observed a similar morphology and topologic arrangement to that in
      human fetal spines. Each vascular organ consisted of an arteriole, a glomerular
      tuft of sinusoidal capillaries, recurrent venules, and supporting loose
      connective tissue. Because the canals terminate adjacent to the intervertebral
      discs, they may provide an important source of nutrition to the disc during
      development when it is sandwiched between two layers of thick hyaline cartilage
      and contains no intrinsic vascular supply.

PMID- 4019752
TI  - Surgical fusion in childhood spondylolisthesis.
AB  - Twenty cases of surgical fusion for spondylolisthesis were reviewed at the
      Scottish Rite Hospital (Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.) to determine whether a procedure
      other than a simple posterolateral fusion is necessary for most patients. The
      patients were treated postoperatively with pantaloon spica cast immobilization.
      The fusion rate was high (90%), and patient satisfaction was high. One patient
      developed neurologic loss postoperatively. Two patients' slips progressed greater
      than 10% before solid fusion occurred. Thus, bilateral posterolateral fusion,
      followed by pantaloon spica cast immobilization, is effective for patients with
      symptomatic spondylolisthesis or asymptomatic children with grade 3 or greater
      slips. Reduction was not performed in this series.

PMID- 4019753
TI  - Acetabular hypertrophy in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.
AB  - Measurements from the radiographs of 65 children with unilateral Legg-Calve
      Perthes disease showed that in 61 cases, the acetabulum was larger on the
      affected side by a mean of 4.0 mm. The mean femoral head size was increased in 60
      of 65 cases by 6.8 mm. Acetabular and femoral head overgrowth occurred in a
      parallel fashion with onset early in the course of the disease. Hyperemia is the
      most likely explanation for this joint overgrowth. Acetabular contour was
      evaluated in 83 hips. Nineteen of these hips exhibited the sign of acetabular
      bicompartmentalization. This appears to be the result of maximally active
      cartilage hypertrophy and lateral placement of the femoral head.
      Bicompartmentalization can be seen 3 months after the onset of symptoms and is a
      poor prognostic sign.

PMID- 4019754
TI  - Value of the head-at-risk concept in assessing the prognosis in Legg-Calve
      Perthes disease.
AB  - Seventy-five hips affected by Legg-Calve-Perthes disease were reviewed. Three
      therapeutic groups were defined: conservative treatment, marrow emptying of the
      femoral neck, and varus derotation femoral osteotomy. Results were analyzed
      according to head-at-risk concept. Patients with head not at risk had better
      results regardless of treatment. Results in other groups were worse, but improved
      significantly with varus derotation femoral osteotomy. In children greater than 9
      years of age, the results were almost invariably poor, irrespective of head-at
      risk designation.

PMID- 4019755
TI  - 10-year follow-up of split anterior tibial tendon transfer in cerebral palsied
      patients with spastic equinovarus deformity.
AB  - Split anterior tibial tendon transfer was performed on 21 patients (27 feet) with
      cerebral palsy and spastic equinovarus deformity. All patients required orthoses
      preoperatively. All but two patients are now community ambulators with improved
      gait and without need for orthoses. There was one recurrence of deformity.

PMID- 4019756
TI  - The value of computed tomography in the early assessment of comminuted fractures
      of the calcaneus: a review of three patients.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) was performed within 4-8 days of injury in three
      patients with five fractures of the calcaneus. Three of the fractures were
      comminuted, and CT gave graphic additional information to the plain radiographs.
      Three fractures were undisplaced and were managed conservatively. In the other
      two, there was displacement of bony fragments, and these were treated
      operatively. In these, CT gave valuable preoperative information regarding the
      size and location of fracture fragments and helped the surgeon determine the site
      of incision and type of surgery required. The CT findings were confirmed at
      operation. CT therefore provides useful information for the management of these
      difficult fractures.

PMID- 4019757
TI  - Butler arthroplasty for correction of the adducted fifth toe: a retrospective
      study of 36 operations between 1968 and 1982.
AB  - This is a retrospective study of 30 children and adolescents who have undergone
      Butler arthroplasty for correction of an overriding fifth toe. Bilateral
      operations were performed on six patients, giving a total of 36 operations. Good
      to excellent results were obtained in 34 of the 36 operations. With attention to
      detail, this is a simple and safe operation. Full correction is obtainable
      without postoperative splintage or cast immobilization. This study represents the
      only reported experience in North America of this little-known procedure.

PMID- 4019758
TI  - The Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis: a clinical review.
AB  - One hundred forty-nine Grice procedures performed between 1955 and 1982 were
      reviewed. The valgus deformities were secondary to poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy,
      myelodysplasia, flexible flatfoot, clubfoot, congenital vertical talus, and other
      neuromuscular diseases. Review consisted of radiographic and clinical follow-up.
      Overall evaluation revealed 46% unsatisfactory results because of both graft
      failure and residual clinical deformity. Previous unrecognized ankle valgus and
      instability prejudiced the results in the myelodysplasia and flexible flatfoot.
      Recommendations include consideration of the Grice procedure in poliomyelitis and
      cerebral palsy coupled with appropriate tendon balancing, but not in
      myelodysplasia or flexible flatfoot in the presence of often unrecognized ankle
      valgus.

PMID- 4019759
TI  - Polydactyly of the foot.
AB  - One hundred twenty-five patients with 194 supernumerary toes were analyzed.
      Postaxial polydactyly accounted for 79%. Duplication at the proximal phalanx with
      either a block metatarsal or a wide metatarsal head was the most common
      anatomical pattern. Sixty-one patients with 97 duplications evaluated at an
      average follow-up of 15.1 years postoperatively had 94% excellent or good
      results. Poor results were often associated with preaxial duplications and
      persistent hallux varus. Patients with central duplications often had a
      persistently wide forefoot. Surgical treatment is usually straightforward, but
      must be individualized. Preoperative radiologic assessment is mandatory. Certain
      technical considerations are related to better results.

PMID- 4019760
TI  - Radiographic measurement of infantile tibia vara.
AB  - The reproducibility of the radiographic measurement of 30 pairs of tibiae being
      treated for bowing was evaluated. Two methods of measurement were used. The first
      was the metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle of Levine and Drennan; the second, a
      metaphyseal-metaphyseal angle based on Cobb's angle for measuring scoliosis.
      Statistical analysis comparing the two methods showed no significant differences
      except for an increase in the angle in more severe cases measured by the
      metaphyseal-metaphyseal method, indicating distal tibial as well as proximal
      involvement. Computer digitization correlated extremely well with manual
      measurements. The metaphyseal-diaphyseal measurement is quite reproducible, and
      may allow early diagnosis and treatment of tibia vara.

PMID- 4019761
TI  - Consequences of an osteogenesis imperfecta diagnosis for survival and ambulation.
AB  - In osteogenesis imperfecta, time of initial fracture and radiographic appearance
      of long bones and ribs at time of initial fracture provide good prognostic
      indicators concerning survival and ambulation. Osteogenesis imperfecta congenita
      (OIC) comprises those patients with intrauterine and/or birth fractures.
      Radiographs of newborns with OIC-A show short, broad, and crumpled femurs and
      ribs, whereas initial radiographs of patients with OIC-B demonstrate bones with
      normal contours in spite of fractures. Osteogenesis imperfecta tarda (OIT)
      comprises those patients who fracture initially after birth. Patients with OIT-A
      fracture initially before walking begins, and patients with OIT-B after walking
      has begun. In OIC-A, 15 of 16 (94%) died; one survived but was wheelchair bound.
      In OIC-B, only two of 27 (8%) died, with 59% in wheelchairs and 33% ambulatory.
      No patients with OIT died. In OIT-A, 33% were in wheelchairs and 67% were
      ambulatory. In OIT-B, 100% were ambulatory.

PMID- 4019762
TI  - Acute calcium deposit in the hand of an 11-year-old girl.
AB  - A case of acute calcific deposit in the hand of an 11-year-old girl is presented.
      This is the first report of this entity in a child. The orthopedic surgeon and
      pediatrician are alerted to its existence and occurrence in the pediatric
      population.

PMID- 4019763
TI  - Segmental femur loss in children.
AB  - Two children with segmental femoral shaft loss were treated by skeletal traction
      to maintain soft tissue length, followed by casting to allow the callus to
      solidify. Initial traction was used to preserve length and allow for the
      development of bridging callus. Callus formation in 3-6 weeks was a good
      indicator for sufficient remaining periosteal sleeve to support healing without
      the need for bone grafting or internal fixation. These cases demonstrate the
      regenerative ability of the periosteum in healing pediatric fractures.

PMID- 4019764
TI  - Combined occipitoatlantoaxial hypermobility with anterior and posterior arch
      defects of the atlas in Pierre-Robin syndrome.
AB  - Combined occipitoatlantoaxial instability of the cervical spine occurred in a 8
      year-3-month old boy with Pierre-Robin syndrome. He also had failure of
      ossification of both the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas. An in situ
      fusion from the occiput to C2 restored cervical spine stability. This case is
      discussed in relation to other hypermobility and instability syndromes of the
      cervical spine.

PMID- 4019765
TI  - Successful autogenous corticocancellous grafting of a radial defect complicating
      acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in an infant.
AB  - Recurrent osteomyelitis of the radius during infancy after initial hematogenous
      onset is rare. When encountered, this lesion may result in a segmental defect
      associated with limitation of forearm motion and progressive deformity. A 10
      month-old girl developed distal radial osteomyelitis following bilateral otitis
      media. A radial defect developed and was treated successfully with autogenous
      tibial corticocancellous grafting. The surgical management of radial shaft
      defects is reviewed.

PMID- 4019766
TI  - Femoral neck fracture in a child with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis.
AB  - A child with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis had successful treatment of a
      femoral neck fracture by internal fixation. Drilling the pins into the femoral
      neck was extremely difficult. The histopathology in osteopetrotic bone provides a
      probable explanation for the technical difficulty seen in this case.

PMID- 4019767
TI  - Traumatic arterial spasm resulting in gangrene.
AB  - A fracture of the tibia in a child resulted in diffuse arterial spasm and
      ultimately gangrene. No evidence of a specific arterial injury was found. The
      role of spasm alone in the production of gangrene has been controversial. The
      case presented underscores its occurrence in the pediatric population and its
      potential consequences. Loss of limb can occur despite prompt recognition and
      treatment. A review of therapeutic options is presented.

PMID- 4019768
TI  - Partial aplasia of the pectoralis major muscle with an anomalous distal
      insertion: two case reports.
AB  - Two rare cases of subtotal aplasia of the pectoralis major muscle, a residual
      anomalous formation inserted abnormally into the medial humeral condyle, are
      discussed.

PMID- 4019769
TI  - "Sarah Kubitschek" Rehabilitation Center.

PMID- 4019770
TI  - Birth palsy: natural recovery course and combined root avulsion.

PMID- 4019771
TI  - Control of sodium and potassium transport in the cortical collecting duct of the
      rat. Effects of bradykinin, vasopressin, and deoxycorticosterone.
AB  - Several factors interact to maintain precise control of electrolyte transport in
      the mammalian cortical collecting duct. We have studied the effects of
      deoxycorticosterone, arginine vasopressin, and bradykinin on net transepithelial
      sodium and potassium transport in isolated, perfused rat cortical collecting
      ducts. Chronic administration of deoxycorticosterone to rats increased both
      sodium absorption and potassium secretion above very low basal levels.
      Consequently, deoxycorticosterone-treated rats were used for all remaining
      studies. Arginine vasopressin (10(-10) M in the bath) caused a sustained fourfold
      increase in net sodium absorption and a sustained threefold increase in net
      potassium secretion. Bradykinin (10(-9) M in the bath) caused a reversible 40-50%
      inhibition of net sodium absorption without affecting net potassium transport or
      the transepithelial potential difference. In the perfusate, up to 10(-6) M
      bradykinin had no effect. We conclude: As in rabbits, chronic deoxycorticosterone
      administration to rats increases sodium absorption and potassium secretion in
      cortical collecting ducts perfused in vitro. Arginine vasopressin causes a
      reversible increase in net potassium secretion and net sodium absorption.
      Bradykinin in the peritubular bathing solution reversibly inhibits net sodium
      absorption, possibly by affecting an electroneutral sodium transport pathway.

PMID- 4019772
TI  - Platelet-derived growth factor enhances in vitro erythropoiesis via stimulation
      of mesenchymal cells.
AB  - The growth of erythroid colonies (from erythroid colony-forming cells) and
      erythroid bursts (from burst-forming cells [BFU-E]) is enhanced in the presence
      of serum as compared with plasma. A significant proportion of the enhanced growth
      is due to the platelet release product, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).
      Colony growth in cultures of whole marrow cells in platelet-poor plasma-derived
      serum (PDS) and erythropoietin was enhanced in a dose-dependent fashion by
      increasing concentrations of purified human PDGF with optimal enhancement at 12.5
      ng/ml. However, no effect of platelet-release products or PDGF was observed on
      nonadherent human marrow cells or peripheral blood BFU-E, suggesting that an
      accessory cell population was required for the effect of PDGF on hematopoietic
      progenitors. In a two-layer culture system, pure populations of fibroblasts or
      smooth muscle cells, known to be present in the marrow microenvironment, restored
      the response of nonadherent marrow cells in the overlayer to PDGF and also
      conferred responsiveness to peripheral blood BFU-E. Endothelial cells in the two
      layer culture system and macrophages, in contrast, lacked the ability to restore
      the enhancing effect of PDGF. Because other platelet-release mitogenic products
      are also found in serum, a monospecific anti-PDGF IgG preparation was added to
      cultures grown in platelet rich plasma-derived serum. Only partial reduction in
      colony and burst growth was seen, suggesting that other platelet-release products
      were acting in this system. These results demonstrate that PDGF enhancement of
      human hematopoietic progenitor cell growth requires mesenchymal cells, and
      provide an example and mechanism by which growth factors may influence
      hematopoietic progenitors via cells of the marrow microenvironment.

PMID- 4019773
TI  - Human fibronectin metabolism.
AB  - The metabolic behavior of fibronectin (Fn), a highly adhesive glycoprotein
      (440,000 mol wt), was studied in eight healthy control subjects and in 11
      patients, six of whom were critically ill. Fn was purified from fresh human
      plasma, radiolabeled, and shown to retain function both in vitro and in vivo.
      Results showed that, in normal controls, Fn is a rapidly catabolized protein with
      a fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of 4.81%/h (range, 4.00-6.27), a half-life
      (t1/2) of 25 h (20-30), extravascular/intravascular diffusion ratio (EV/IV) of
      2.04 (1.52-3.30), and a synthesis rate (SR) of 0.71 mg/kg body weight per h (0.61
      0.87). There was evidence for extravascular catabolism in each subject. Plasma
      levels correlated with SR but not with t1/2 or FCR. Patients had a lower EV/IV
      ratio, and in two critically ill patients with low plasma Fn concentration the SR
      was markedly depressed. These findings suggest that reduced synthesis of Fn,
      rather than increased FCR or increased extravascular distribution, is responsible
      for Fn deficiency in critically ill patients.

PMID- 4019774
TI  - Measurement of regional neuronal removal of norepinephrine in man.
AB  - We describe here and validate an in vivo technique to measure the regional
      proportionate removal of norepinephrine (NE) by neuronal uptake (Uptake1) in man.
      The measurement is based on the steady-state arterial and venous concentrations
      of tritiated NE and tritiated isoproterenol (ISO) during simultaneous infusion of
      both. The validity of this technique depends on the removal of circulating NE,
      but not of ISO, by sympathetic nerve endings and on there being no other factor
      contributing to the net difference in the plasma disappearance of these
      catecholamines. To test these hypotheses, we compared the removal of NE in the
      arm with that of ISO in 14 people and the effects of pretreatment with the
      specific inhibitor of Uptake1, desipramine, in 8 people. In all the subjects a
      greater percent of NE than of ISO was removed during passage of blood through the
      forearm (54 vs. 46%, P less than 0.0001). Pretreatment with desipramine decreased
      significantly the removal of NE to virtually exactly that of ISO. The difference
      in NE and ISO clearances by arm tissues was therefore completely accounted for by
      Uptake1. About 15% of infused NE which is removed in the arm is removed by
      Uptake1. The ability to measure regional Uptake1 should contribute to better
      understanding of the relationship between circulating levels of plasma NE and
      sympathetic neural activity and may allow detection of abnormalities of neuronal
      norepinephrine removal in clinical disease states.

PMID- 4019775
TI  - Evidence for the presence of xenopsin-related peptide(s) in the gastric mucosa of
      mammals.
AB  - Using immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay, substance(s) related to the
      amphibian octapeptide xenopsin (XP) were demonstrated in the gastric mucosa of
      humans and dogs. Immunohistochemistry localized XP-immunoreactive epithelial
      cells in the gastric antral mucosa. The reaction was abolished by preabsorption
      of the antiserum with XP but not by neurotensin or other peptides. Immunoreactive
      XP (iXP) was found by radioimmunoassay in extracts of both the antrum and body of
      the stomach prepared with acid/acetone or acetic acid. A study of its
      distribution in the dog indicated that the level of iXP was highest in the
      stomach, lower in the pancreas and duodenum, and not measurable in the
      jejunoileum and colon. Gel chromatography on Sephadex G-25 indicated the presence
      of at least two forms of iXP, one larger and the other about the same size as XP.
      Reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography on mu-Bondapak C-18 yielded
      several peaks of iXP, one of which eluted at the position of synthetic XP. The
      results of immunochemical analyses using four different antisera towards XP were
      consistent with structures for canine iXPs that were closely related to XP only
      in their C-terminal regions. These results suggest that mammalian counterparts to
      amphibian XP reside within endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa. It seems
      possible that these peptides function as gastrointestinal signals.

PMID- 4019776
TI  - Plasma immunoreactive gamma melanotropin in patients with idiopathic
      hyperaldosteronism, aldosterone-producing adenomas, and essential hypertension.
AB  - A non-ACTH aldosterone-stimulating factor(s) has been implicated in the
      pathogenesis of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). Although this factor has not
      been fully characterized, some evidence suggests that it may be related to a pro
      gamma-melanotropin (pro-gamma-MSH), derived from the NH2-terminal region of pro
      opiomelanocortin. In the present study, plasma immunoreactive (IR-) gamma-MSH
      levels at 0800 h in patients with IHA were evaluated (90 +/- 17 fmol/ml; range:
      13-173 fmol/ml) and found to be significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than
      those in subjects with aldosterone-producing adenomas (33 +/- 8 fmol/ml),
      essential hypertension (33 +/- 6 fmol/ml), and normotensive controls (19 +/- 2
      fmol/ml). Seven of nine IHA subjects had circulating IR-gamma-MSH levels above
      the normal range (greater than 35 fmol/ml). In plasmas sampled at 1200 h, IR
      gamma-MSH was significantly higher in patients with IHA (95 +/- 26 fmol/ml) and
      adenomas (63 +/- 23 fmol/ml), as compared with essential hypertensives (31 +/- 6
      fmol/ml) and normotensives (19 +/- 3 fmol/ml). Mean plasma IR-ACTH, plasma
      cortisol, and urinary cortisol levels did not differ significantly between any of
      these groups. In order to evaluate the effect of a pro-gamma-MSH in vitro,
      adrenal adenoma tissue was obtained from two patients, one with elevated IR-gamma
      MSH (61 fmol/ml) and a second with low IR-gamma-MSH (12 fmol/ml). Aldosterone
      secretion by dispersed adenoma cells from the former, but not the latter,
      underwent a fourfold dose-dependent (10(-14)-10(-9) M) increase in response to
      human Lys-gamma 3-MSH. These data suggest that a pro-gamma-MSH may be implicated
      as a pathogenic factor in a subset of patients with primary aldosteronism,
      particularly among those differentially diagnosed as having IHA.

PMID- 4019777
TI  - Autoantibody to the C3b/C4b receptor and absence of this receptor from
      erythrocytes of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A 29-yr-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was found to have no
      detectable C3b/C4b receptors (CR1) on her erythrocytes (E) when they were assayed
      by the binding of rabbit polyclonal and murine monoclonal (Yz-1) anti-CR1.
      Analysis by two-color fluorescent flow cytometry of CR1 expression on the
      patient's B lymphocytes that had been stained indirectly with monoclonal anti-B1
      and rabbit F(ab')2 anti-CR1 also revealed a marked deficiency of CR1. Total
      cellular CR1 of neutrophils, assessed by a sandwich radioimmunoassay, was about
      half that of neutrophils from normal individuals. Because her E had expressed 173
      sites/cell 2 yr before, the CR1 deficiency was considered to be acquired and a
      possible mechanism was sought. Autoantibody to CR1 was measured by a
      radioimmunoassay in which serum or its fractions were incubated in microtiter
      wells that had been coated with purified CR1, and binding of immunoglobulin to
      the wells was quantitated with 125I-labeled goat IgG antihuman F(ab')2. The CR1
      specific binding of immunoglobulin from the patient's serum was 19.1 ng/well of
      the detecting antibody when her E had eight CR1 sites per cell; that of 28
      healthy donors was 1.3 +/- 0.5 ng/well (mean +/- SEM), and that of 34 additional
      patients with SLE was 0.5 +/- 0.3 ng/well. The activity was present also in
      purified IgG and its F(ab')2 fragment, indicating that the binding of serum
      immunoglobulin to CR1 was not mediated by C3 fragments. The specificity of the
      patient's IgG for CR1 was confirmed when pretreatment of the CR1-coated wells
      with affinity-purified rabbit F(ab')2 anti-CR1 was shown to inhibit by 68% the
      binding of the IgG. The autoantibody also interacted with CR1 in cell membranes,
      as assessed by its capacity to inhibit the binding of indirectly fluoresceinated
      Yz-1 to neutrophils, and, when combined with goat IgG antihuman F(ab')2, to
      diminish the binding of dimeric C3b to normal E. During the period of the marked
      deficiency of CR1 the patient experienced an exacerbation of disease activity
      which was treated with prednisone. Clinical improvement was accompanied by a
      decrease in the serum concentration of anti-CR1 to levels present 2 yr earlier,
      and an increase of CR1 to 170 sites/E. The temporal association between high
      titers of an autoantibody to CR1, absence of CR1 from E, and heightened activity
      of SLE suggest that the former may have had a role in the other manifestations of
      the patient's disease.

PMID- 4019778
TI  - Influx of kininogens into nasal secretions after antigen challenge of allergic
      individuals.
AB  - We have recently demonstrated that kinins are generated in vivo after nasal
      challenge with antigen of allergic, but not nonallergic, individuals. The present
      study was undertaken as a first step in determining the mechanism(s) of kinin
      formation during the allergic reaction and was directed towards establishing the
      availability and origin of kininogens in nasal secretions. Allergic individuals
      (n = 6) and nonallergic controls (n = 5) were challenged with antigen; and by
      using specific radioimmunoassays, nasal washes, obtained before and after
      challenge, were assayed for high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), total
      kininogen (TK), albumin, and kinins. Dramatic increases in HMWK (1,730 +/- 510
      ng/ml), TK (3,810 +/- 1035 ng/ml), kinin (9.46 +/- 1.75 ng/ml), and albumin (0.85
      +/- 0.2 mg/ml) were observed after challenge of allergic individuals which
      correlated (P less than 0.001) with increases in histamine and N-alpha-tosyl-L
      arginine methyl esterase activity and with the onset of clinical symptoms. For
      nonallergic individuals, levels of kininogens, albumin, and all mediators after
      antigen challenge were not different from base line. Linear regression analysis
      revealed excellent correlations (P less than 0.001 in each case) between
      increases in HMWK, TK, kinin, and albumin during antigen titration experiments
      and between the time courses of appearance and disappearance of HMWK, TK, kinin,
      and albumin after antigen challenge. Gel filtration revealed no evidence of
      degradation products of kininogens in nasal washes. For each allergic individual
      the ratio of HMWK/TK in postchallenge nasal washes was similar to the ratio of
      these two proteins in the same individual's plasma. These data suggest that,
      during the allergic reaction, there is an increase in vascular permeability and a
      transudation of kininogens from plasma into nasal secretions, where they can
      provide substrate for kinin-forming enzymes.

PMID- 4019779
TI  - Cationization of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Effect of
      improved intraarticular retention on experimental arthritis in mice.
AB  - Several enzymes and other proteins were made cationic either by coupling to
      polylysine or by shielding of anionic sites. These cationic proteins, all having
      an isoelectric point greater than 8.5 exhibited excellent retention in articular
      structures when injected in mouse knee joints. Autoradiography and histochemistry
      showed that cationic forms of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and horseradish
      peroxidase were firmly retained by synovial and cartilaginous tissues. The half
      life of these enzymes in the joint is thus significantly extended compared with
      native enzymes. The native enzymes and their cationic derivatives were tested for
      antiinflammatory properties in mice, using antigen-induced arthritis and zymosan
      induced arthritis. It was found that injection of cationic catalase or peroxidase
      induced a marked suppression of some parameters of the inflammatory response in
      both types of arthritis, as measured by 99m technetium pertechnetate uptake and
      leakage of 125I-labeled albumin. Native catalase and peroxidase were less, or not
      at all effective. Cationic superoxide dismutase or cationic nonenzyme proteins
      did not suppress inflammation. The observed suppression of two different types of
      inflammation (an immune and a nonimmune arthritis) by catalase and peroxidase
      suggests that elimination of peroxides contributes to the suppression of an
      inflammatory response. We would hypothesize that cationic enzymes offer the
      possibility for investigating the mechanisms of inflammation and, in addition,
      might be interesting from a therapeutical point of view.

PMID- 4019780
TI  - In vivo externalization of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the
      membrane bilayer and hypercoagulability by the lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes
      in rats.
AB  - Phospholipid distribution across erythrocyte membrane bilayer is asymmetrical. In
      normal erythrocytes, entire phosphatidylserine (PS) and most of the
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is present on the cytoplasmic side of membrane
      bilayer, whereas phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) are
      predominantly present at the outer side of membrane bilayer. The present study
      was undertaken to determine whether membrane lipid peroxidation has any effect on
      the distribution of PS, PE, and PC across erythrocyte membrane bilayer in vivo in
      an animal model. Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation was induced in rats by
      administering phenylhydrazine, an oxidant drug. Membrane phospholipid
      organization was determined by using bee venom phospholipase-A2 and indirectly by
      measuring clotting time on recalcification of normal human platelet-poor plasma
      in the presence of Russell's viper venom. Phenylhydrazine administration to rats
      caused significant membrane lipid peroxidation as measured by the accumulation of
      malonyldialdehyde (MDA), an end product of fatty acid peroxidation, as well as
      externalization of a significant portion of PS and PE from the inner to the outer
      side of membrane bilayer in erythrocytes. There was a significant positive
      correlation (r) between the amount of MDA accumulated in the erythrocytes and the
      movement of PS (r = 0.92) and PE (r = 0.96) from inner to the outer membrane
      bilayer and PC (r = 0.81) from outer to the inner membrane bilayer. Erythrocytes
      of phenylhydrazine-treated rats also showed significantly reduced clotting time.
      This reduction in clotting time had a significant positive correlation with MDA
      accumulation (r = 0.92) and PS externalization (r = 0.90). Both the effect of
      phenylhydrazine on erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and alterations in
      phospholipid organization and coagulability were blocked when rats were
      simultaneously administered with vitamin E or C antioxidants.

PMID- 4019781
TI  - Role of the kidneys in the metabolism of plasma mevalonate. Studies in humans and
      in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Studies were carried out in humans and in rhesus monkeys to determine the role of
      the kidneys in the metabolism of circulating mevalonic acid (MVA). Following
      intravenous infusion of [14C]MVA and [3H]cholesterol, there was a rapid
      appearance of [14C]squalene in the kidneys that exhibited a significantly longer
      half-life than plasma or hepatic squalene. In man and in rhesus monkeys there was
      a rapid equilibration between newly synthesized cholesterol from MVA and
      exogenously administered cholesterol in all tissues except the kidneys, where the
      specific activity ratio of newly synthesized to exogenous cholesterol was
      significantly higher. Estimates of the quantitative metabolism of intravenously
      infused radiolabeled MVA in the monkey demonstrated that 23% was excreted in the
      urine, 67% metabolized to cholesterol (58% in nonrenal tissues and 9% in the
      kidneys), and 10% catabolized to CO2 and nonsteroid products. Measurements of MVA
      metabolism in anephric and uninephric patients demonstrate that, in the absence
      of renal uptake of MVA, exogenous and newly synthesized cholesterol achieve
      almost instantaneous equilibrium in the plasma; whereas in control subjects with
      normal renal function, this equilibration required at least 21 d for the two
      cholesterol decay curves to become parallel. These results suggest that the
      kidneys are solely responsible for the observed disequilibrium between newly
      synthesized and exogenous cholesterol; we suggest that this was due to the
      delayed release of newly synthesized cholesterol from the kidneys into the plasma
      compartment following intravenous infusion with radiolabeled MVA. The data
      document the importance of the kidneys in the metabolism of circulating MVA.
      However, calculation of the quantitative significance of this pathway in relation
      to whole body MVA metabolism indicates that renal metabolism of MVA accounts for
      approximately 0.1% of daily MVA turnover, and that alterations in this pathway
      due to any form of renal pathology would not result in significant changes in
      hepatic or whole body sterol synthesis rates. We urge caution in the use of
      radiolabeled MVA in long-term kinetic studies of sterol metabolism because our
      data show that the plasma compartment of MVA is not necessarily in isotopic
      equilibrium with tissue MVA.

PMID- 4019783
TI  - Increased amounts of a novel penicillin-binding protein in a strain of
      methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exposed to nafcillin.
AB  - In addition to the four typical penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), a strain of
      heterogeneously methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus produced an extra 78
      kD PBP (PBP 2a) that had a low affinity for nafcillin and penicillin. Addition of
      nafcillin to cultures of this strain caused a rapid increase in the amount of
      this PBP in cell membranes. This increase occurred at subinhibitory
      concentrations of drug within minutes of exposure, and was blocked by inhibitors
      of protein and RNA synthesis. This suggests that the synthesis of PBP 2a can be
      stimulated by exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics. This process may, in part,
      explain the heterogeneity in methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

PMID- 4019782
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a colonic autoantigen specifically recognized
      by colon tissue-bound immunoglobulin G from idiopathic ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis (UC) have a colonbound antibody (CCA
      IgG) that reacts with colon tissue extracts. We have partially characterized a
      colonic protein that is specifically recognized by CCA-IgG. CCA-IgG was eluted
      from operative colon specimens from 10 patients with UC. A colon tissue-bound IgG
      was similarly eluted from six patients with Crohn's colitis, two with ischemic
      colitis, and one with diverticulitis. Purified serum IgG from patients with
      Crohn's disease, from normal subjects and a patient with myeloma were also used
      as additional controls. For detection of antigen(s), tissue extracts were
      prepared from 26 specimens of colon (UC, 12; Crohn's disease, 6; normal, 4; other
      controls, 4), 8 specimens of human normal stomach, duodenum, ileum, and liver (2
      each). Tissue extracts were also prepared from rats and mice, including germ-free
      rat colons and rat's fetal colons. Immunorecognition of CCA-IgG to the tissue
      extracts was examined by affinity-column chromatography and by transblot
      analysis. Tissue-extracted proteins were electrophoresed in SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel, transferred to nitrocellulose sheet, and probed with iodinated CCA-IgG,
      colonic IgG from other inflammatory bowel disease patients, UC serum IgG, and
      control serum IgG. Although many proteins were present in colon tissue extracts,
      9 of 10 CCA-IgG consistently recognized a protein of 40 kD. None of the nine IgG
      preparations from colon specimens of patients with Crohn's colitis and other
      colonic inflammatory diseases reacted with the 40-kD protein. Five of six
      symptomatic UC serum IgG and none of eight control serum IgG reacted with the 40
      kD protein. The 40-kD protein was present in all colon specimens and it appeared
      to be organ specific. It was absent in mouse and rat tissues, including colon.
      The 40-kD protein is not actin and nor a part of the Ig molecule. These results
      suggest that the 40-kD protein is a colonic "autoantigen" that may initiate a
      specific IgG antibody response in UC.

PMID- 4019784
TI  - Identification of the lymphokine soluble immune response suppressor in urine of
      nephrotic children.
AB  - Patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) frequently have suppressed
      in vivo and in vitro immune responsiveness of uncertain etiology. Because
      increased suppressor cell activity has been associated with this disease, urines
      from MCNS patients were screened for activity of the lymphokine soluble immune
      response suppressor (SIRS), a product of concanavalin A- or interferon-activated
      suppressor T cells. Urines from untreated MCNS patients suppressed polyclonal
      plaque-forming cell responses of cultured splenocytes. This suppressive activity
      was identified as human SIRS by the following functional and physical criteria:
      molecular weight estimated by gel filtration; kinetics of suppression; inhibition
      of suppression by catalase, levamisole, and 2-mercaptoethanol; abrogation of
      activity by acid or protease treatment; elution pattern on high performance
      liquid chromatography; and cross-reactivity with monoclonal antimurine SIRS
      antibodies. Suppressive activity disappeared from urine after initiation of
      treatment but before remission of symptoms. Urines were tested from 11 patients
      with MCNS, all of whom excreted SIRS. In addition, two nephrotic patients with
      acute glomerulonephritis and three nephrotic patients with membranoproliferative
      disease excreted SIRS, but other nephrotics and all nonnephrotic patients did
      not. These results indicate that excretion of SIRS occurs in certain cases of
      nephrotic syndrome and that the presence of SIRS in the urine is not accounted
      for solely by the presence of proteinuria or nephrosis. Serum from four nephrotic
      patients also contained SIRS, whereas neither serum nor urine from six normal
      subjects contained SIRS activity. The systemic presence of SIRS in these four
      patients, and the identification of SIRS in urines from a larger group of
      patients, suggest a possible role for SIRS in the suppressed immune responses
      often found in nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 4019785
TI  - Carboxyterminal peptide fragments of the beta subunit are urinary products of the
      metabolism of desialylated human choriogonadotropin.
AB  - Previous investigations of patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia have
      shown that their urines often contain carboxyterminal peptide (CTP) fragments of
      the choriogonadotropin (hCG) beta-subunit as well as forms of hCG deficient in
      sialic acid. In order to determine whether beta-CTP fragments are among the
      urinary products of the peripheral degradation of desialylated hCG (as-hCG),
      using a continuous infusion technique, we gave highly purified as-hCG to humans.
      Six healthy subjects were given a loading dose of 0.8 mg of as-hCG followed by an
      infusion of the same preparation. An overall mean infusion rate of 62.9
      micrograms/min was maintained for 6 h, and the mean serum concentration of as-hCG
      achieved during the infusion was 72.1 ng/ml. In all six subjects, beta-CTP
      fragments were the predominant immunoreactive forms of as-hCG in urine obtained
      during the infusion. In contrast, the urine of subjects infused with hCG has been
      shown to contain hCG itself, but nil beta-CTP fragments or as-hCG. After the as
      hCG infusion was stopped, the excretion of the beta-CTP fragments in urine
      declined rapidly. There were no beta-CTP fragments detectable in sera obtained
      during the infusion or in sera incubated with as-hCG at 37 degrees C. After
      incubation with as-hCG for 4 h, the urine of normal subjects contained small
      amounts of beta-CTP fragments; however, the apparent proteolytic activity was too
      low to account for either the quantity of beta-CTP fragments produced during the
      infusion or the extremely low levels of as-hCG in the urine. These data
      demonstrate the existence in humans of a peripheral metabolic pathway that
      cleaves beta-CTP fragments from as-hCG and allows their excretion in urine. Thus,
      the frequent presence of beta-CTP fragments in the urines of patients with
      gestational trophoblastic neoplasia can be accounted for in part by the
      metabolism of the forms of hCG that bear an altered carbohydrate structure, which
      are prevalent in this disease.

PMID- 4019786
TI  - Posttranslational cleavage of proinsulin is blocked by a point mutation in
      familial hyperproinsulinemia.
AB  - Familial hyperproinsulinemia is characterized by the accumulation of proinsulin
      like material (PLM) in the plasma of affected patients. This disorder is
      inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The accumulation of PLM is thought to
      be due to the impaired conversion of proinsulin to insulin. Although PLM has been
      suggested to have an amino acid substitution, it has been impossible to locate
      and identify a substituted amino acid, due to the difficulty in isolating
      sufficient amounts of PLM from plasma samples. Therefore, we analyzed leukocyte
      DNA from one member of a proinsulinemic family, and we found a point mutation
      that changed guanine to adenine in the insulin gene. This transition implies that
      a substitution of histidine for arginine has occurred at amino acid position 65.
      Furthermore, it indicates that arginine at 65 is essential for the conversion of
      proinsulin to insulin. Our results suggest a novel mechanism by which disease can
      be incurred: a heritable disorder can result from a posttranslational processing
      abnormality caused by a point mutation.

PMID- 4019787
TI  - Hamster female protein, a sex-limited pentraxin, is a constituent of Syrian
      hamster amyloid.
AB  - Female protein (FP) is a pentraxin of Syrian hamster which is a homologue of two
      human pentraxins, C-reaction protein (CRP) and amyloid P component (AP).
      Functionally, FP has been shown to be similar to CRP, although FP has more
      homology at the amino terminus with AP. The present work investigated amyloid in
      the Syrian hamster to determine whether FP was involved in a manner analogous to
      AP. FP was found to be a constituent of Syrian hamster amyloid. This conclusion
      was based on the following results: (a) FP was consistently detected in amyloid
      deposits by fluorescent microscopy with specific antisera; (b) The amount of FP
      extractable from hamster livers directly correlated with the presence of amyloid;
      and (c) 125I-FP injected intravenously into amyloidotic hamsters rapidly left the
      intravascular compartment and was found subsequently in amyloid deposits. This
      unusual alteration of plasma metabolism and amyloid localization of 125I-FP was a
      characteristic finding in amyloidotic hamsters and was specific for 125I-FP.
      Therefore, as an amyloid component, FP appears to be functionally similar to
      human AP. However, FP synthesis is under sex steroid control and the unique sex
      limited expression of this pentraxin was associated with an equally novel
      propensity for deposition of amyloid in female hamsters under normal or
      experimental conditions. Thus, a high serum level of FP, as found in normal
      females or diethylstilbestrol-treated males, was associated with enhanced
      amyloidosis. Although speculative at present, a primary role for serum FP in
      hamster amyloid deposition may be experimentally approachable by hormonal
      manipulation of FP synthesis.

PMID- 4019788
TI  - Quantification of reduced haloperidol and haloperidol by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for reduced haloperidol and haloperidol has been developed by
      using a simple derivatization-separation step prior to assay with an antibody
      cospecific for both compounds. The detection limit of the assay is less than 25
      pg and shows no cross reactivity to other metabolites. The intraassay coefficient
      of variation for reduced haloperidol and haloperidol were 9.0 and 8.2%
      respectively and the interassay coefficients of variation were 9.0 and 10.6%
      respectively at 5-10 ng/ml. As many as 30 patient samples can be analyzed for
      both compounds in a single day.

PMID- 4019789
TI  - The Committee on Review of Medicines.

PMID- 4019790
TI  - Evaluation of a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic.
AB  - Medical records were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the success of a
      pharmacist-managed Anticoagulation Surveillance Clinic (ASC). The 78 patients in
      group I were followed by the ASC. The 17 patients in Group II were followed by
      other Veterans Administration Medical Center clinics. Demographic
      characteristics, warfarin indication and potentially complicating conditions were
      comparable between the groups. Group I patients had shorter intervals between
      visits to the clinic than Group II patients. Although not statistically different
      compared to Group II, Group I patients had better prothrombin time control. Group
      I patients also had fewer complications per treatment year (6.9% vs 9.0%) and
      received fewer potentially interacting drugs. The ASC was at least as successful
      as the other clinics in managing patients on warfarin, and results compared very
      favorably to those reported in the literature for other anticoagulation clinics.

PMID- 4019791
TI  - Differential pulse polarographic determination of formaldehyde in stored
      noxythiolin solutions.
AB  - A differential pulse polarographic method has been developed for the
      determination of formaldehyde, by means of its kinetic current, in noxythiolin
      solutions. The assay conditions have been optimized so that the noxythiolin
      decomposition reaction was not affected. The method had the advantage of rapidity
      with an analysis time of about 10 min per sample. Thus formaldehyde was
      determined in noxythiolin solutions prepared and stored under typical clinical
      conditions. The low concentrations of formaldehyde present in all solutions were
      insufficient to account for the known cidal action of noxythiolin. There must
      therefore be some doubt that the mode of action of noxythiolin is simply due to
      formaldehyde produced as a result of the decomposition of noxythiolin in aqueous
      solution.

PMID- 4019792
TI  - Impurity of thrombin preparations for clinical use.
AB  - Recent advances in the treatment of upper gastro-intestinal bleeding has led to
      the use of thrombin preparations in this condition. In the present investigation,
      the purity of thrombin preparations from one American pharmaceutical company and
      two Japanese pharmaceutical companies was examined using immunological and
      biological methods. An SDS-PAGE study revealed that each preparation contained
      various proteins other than thrombin. An immunological study revealed that each
      of the thrombin preparations contained proteins which were of at least two types.
      The thrombin preparations exhibited various biological activities other than
      thrombin activity, and their activities were widely different. Preparation A
      showed the strongest activity among the three, in terms of amidolytic activity,
      gamma-gamma dimer production rate, fibrin production rate, release of
      fibrinopeptide A, and anti-stretch activity. However, preparation A revealed the
      strongest binding activity to antithrombin III. Preparation B had the least
      contamination while preparation C showed the highest activity in terms of
      fibrinolytic and platelet-aggregating activity. Thus, each thrombin preparation
      had a greater or lesser degree of impurity, and it would appear that purer
      preparations are required for local administration in the treatment of upper
      gastro-intestinal bleeding.

PMID- 4019793
TI  - A note on the contamination of eye-drops following use by hospital out-patients.
AB  - Examination of 273 eye-drops, returned to a hospital pharmacy by out-patients
      showed that 27% were contaminated. Common contaminants included Bacillus spp,
      Staphylococcus albus and Sarcina spp. Those eye-drops containing the
      preservatives chlorbutol or thiomersal showed above average levels of
      contamination, thus questioning the suitability of these preservatives for
      ophthalmic preparations.

PMID- 4019794
TI  - Theophylline versus aminophylline in rectal administration.
AB  - This study was undertaken to compare the bioavailability and the in vitro release
      rates of theophylline from suppositories containing either theophylline or
      aminophylline. The absorption of theophylline from solution and from freshly
      prepared suppositories formulated with Suppocire and containing anhydrous
      theophylline 250 mg or aminophylline 300 mg was investigated in six healthy
      volunteers in a blind crossover design experiment. Venous blood samples were
      collected before drug administration and at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h afterwards.
      Theophylline serum levels were measured spectrophotometrically. The
      pharmacokinetic parameters obtained: Cmax 6.7 and 5.4 micrograms ml-1, tmax 2 h,
      and F8h 0.79 and 0.83 for theophylline and aminophylline, respectively, show that
      the two formulations are almost bioequivalent, with a slightly higher Cmax for
      theophylline. The in vitro release rate of theophylline from freshly prepared
      formulations was, however, higher (4.8 mg min-1) from aminophylline suppositories
      relative to those containing theophylline (2.9 mg min-1). This lack of
      correlation between the in vitro and in vivo results is explained by the
      different drug thermodynamic activities in the processes of release and membrane
      penetration. Thus, a better water-solubility does not automatically point to a
      better rectal bioavailability. The release rate of aminophylline suppositories
      tested after 1-year storage at room temperature dropped from 4.8 to 0.5 mg min-1.
      The bioequivalence of theophylline and aminophylline freshly prepared
      suppositories and the stability problems associated with fatty-base aminophylline
      suppositories indicate that the choice of ethylenediamine derivative of
      theophylline is an empirical development, theoretically unjustified, and must be
      replaced by theophylline reformulations.

PMID- 4019795
TI  - Dosage of tobramycin in cystic fibrosis--a short report.
AB  - A 15 kg, 7-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis was admitted with a chest
      infection. It was found that a tobramycin, 12 mg/kg/day (standard recommended
      dose 6-7.5 mg/kg/day), was required to obtain acceptable plasma levels and that
      the volume of distribution varied in line with the patient's weight changes.

PMID- 4019796
TI  - Chlamydial endometritis.
AB  - Endometrial biopsies were obtained from 32 women with suspected pelvic
      inflammatory disease, of whom 23 (72%) had histopathological evidence of
      endometritis. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the endometria of nine
      (39%) women (chlamydia group) but not from the other 14 (non-chlamydia group).
      Severe plasma cell endometritis and lymphoid follicles with transformed
      lymphocytes were significantly more common in the chlamydia group than in the non
      chlamydia group. This suggests that C trachomatis is an invasive endometrial
      pathogen which often causes severe inflammation. The association was independent
      of predisposing factors such as use of intrauterine contraceptive devices.

PMID- 4019797
TI  - Changes in circulating immune complex concentrations and antibody titres during
      treatment of Q fever endocarditis.
AB  - Serum samples from 20 patients with Q fever endocarditis were tested for the
      presence of circulating immune complexes to see whether their concentrations
      correlated with antibody titres during treatment and whether they could be used
      to monitor the response to antimicrobial treatment. Circulating immune complexes
      were found in all 20 patients. The concentrations in 15 patients correlated with
      either or both of the Q fever phase 1 and phase 2 antibody titres obtained during
      treatment. In the other five patients no correlation with the antibody titres was
      found. There was no association between circulating immune complex concentrations
      and clinical response to treatment.

PMID- 4019798
TI  - Histopathological classification and malignant change in gastric polyps.
AB  - A total of 611 gastric polyps from 275 cases were studied and were classified
      into four subtypes. Type I was the most common type and types II, III, and IV
      were less common. Type I and II, considered to be non-neoplastic polyps because
      of the absence of dysplasia, showed an extremely low malignant potential. Type
      III showed a two layer structure, the upper layer of which was composed of
      dysplastic epithelia. This type showed a low malignant potential despite the
      dysplasia. The type IV polyp showed macroscopical and histological findings
      similar to those of colonic adenoma. This type was considered to be truly
      neoplastic and to be the most important of the four subtypes because of its high
      malignant potential. Type III and IV should be clearly separated and treated
      differently.

PMID- 4019799
TI  - Density of mucosal mast cells in the lamina propria of the colon and terminal
      ileum of children.
AB  - Ileal and colonic biopsies from children observed to be histologically normal
      were fixed in Carnoy's fluid, sectioned, and stained by the chloroacetate
      esterase reaction. The density of mucosal mast cells was higher in the terminal
      ileum than the colon, but did not vary significantly within the colon.

PMID- 4019800
TI  - A quantitative study of immunoglobulin containing cells in the differential
      diagnosis of acute colitis.
AB  - In colonic biopsies of 33 patients with acute colitis caused by campylobacter,
      salmonella, or shigella immunoglobulin containing cells were determined
      quantitatively using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique and morphometry with
      a graphic tablet. The findings were compared with those of 10 patients without
      histological abnormalities, 10 patients with Crohn's disease of the colon, and 10
      patients with ulcerative colitis. Biopsies of patients with acute infectious
      colitis had increased numbers of IgA containing cells and to a lesser extent IgM
      containing cells but not IgG containing cells compared with controls. Compared
      with the patients with active chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease the
      patients with acute colitis showed significantly lower relative and absolute
      numbers of IgG containing cells. We therefore conclude that quantitative
      assessment of immunoglobulin containing cells in colonic biopsies may be useful
      in the differential diagnosis of acute infectious colitis and chronic idiopathic
      inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 4019801
TI  - Histological features of sclerosing cholangitis in patients with chronic
      ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis was diagnosed radiologically in 16 of 681 patients
      (2.2%) with chronic ulcerative colitis in a follow up study at the
      gastroenterology unit in Oxford. On the basis of established histological
      criteria, the liver biopsy was considered diagnostic in only half of the cases.
      The histological findings in these cases were therefore reassessed to determine
      whether the accuracy of biopsy diagnosis could be improved. The most common
      specific histological feature was periductal concentric fibrosis of small
      interlobular bile ducts, even in the absence of inflammation. Other common
      features were bile ductular proliferation associated with diminution or absence
      of interlobular bile ducts. Degeneration of bile duct epithelium and diffuse
      infiltration of portal tracts by mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes were accompanying features. Piecemeal necrosis without rosette
      formation was found in about half the biopsies. When all these features were
      considered together a biopsy diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis was
      established in 14 of 16 cases.

PMID- 4019802
TI  - Thalassaemia trait and pregnancy.
AB  - The haematological variables, haematinic state, and placental function of more
      than 2000 pregnant women, heterozygous for either alpha- or beta-thalassaemia
      genes, were examined during pregnancy. Four features emerged. Firstly, it was
      possible by discriminant function analysis of haematological variables to
      distinguish in pregnant patients between the anaemia caused by thalassaemia trait
      and that caused by iron deficiency. Secondly, patients with thalassaemia become
      significantly more anaemic in pregnancy, beta more than alpha, but this was
      mainly due to plasma dilution. From the data percentile curves were drawn for
      each type of thalassaemia which predicted the patients' expected "normal"
      haemoglobin throughout gestation. Thirdly, patients with alpha-thalassaemia had
      the same incidence of iron deficiency as normal pregnant patients, whereas in
      those with beta-thalassaemia it was four times less common. The incidence of
      folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency was the same in all groups. Finally, as
      assessed by serum oestriol concentration, there did not appear to be any
      abnormality of placental function or fetal development associated with maternal
      thalassaemia, and, also, there seemed to be no increase in maternal or fetal
      morbidity in pregnancy.

PMID- 4019803
TI  - Pleural fluid ferritin concentrations in human disease.
AB  - The concentration of ferritin was measured in the pleural fluid of 108 patients
      with pleural effusions. In all groups of patients the ferritin concentration was
      higher in pleural fluid than in serum. The greatest differences, with up to 100
      times more ferritin in the pleural fluid, were found for patients with rheumatoid
      pleurisy, malignant effusions, and empyema. In patients with non-malignant
      inflammatory pleural effusions the concentration of ferritin in pleural fluid
      correlated significantly with other pleural fluid indices of inflammation: there
      was a positive correlation with lactate dehydrogenase activity and a negative
      correlation with concentrations of glucose and complement components C3 and C4.
      Ferritin was detected immunocytochemically only in the macrophages found among
      the pleural fluid cells. Our study shows that large amounts of ferritin
      accumulate locally in the pleural cavity in certain types of pleural
      inflammation. The accumulation is probably partly the result of increased local
      reticuloendothelial system activity. Determination of the concentration of
      ferritin in pleural fluid may provide corroborative information for differential
      diagnosis and may further our understanding of the pathogenetic events that lead
      to the perpetuation of inflammatory activity in pleural effusions.

PMID- 4019804
TI  - Simplified procedure for tissue culture in routine detection of cytotoxins.

PMID- 4019805
TI  - Isolation of Bacillus circulans from a wound infection.

PMID- 4019806
TI  - Detection of antibodies to Staphylococcus epidermidis in infected total hip
      replacements by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

PMID- 4019807
TI  - Expression of leucocyte common antigen and epithelial membrane antigen in
      plasmacytic malignancies.

PMID- 4019808
TI  - User unfriendly drugs--fillers, additives, excipients.

PMID- 4019809
TI  - Serial monitoring and achievement of steady state nortriptyline plasma levels in
      depressed children and adolescents: preliminary data.
AB  - Children and adolescents 6 to 16 years old (N = 25), who were diagnosed as having
      major depressive disorder, received a fixed daily dose of nortriptyline during an
      8-week period. Nortriptyline plasma levels were drawn and assayed weekly. Data
      were analyzed for the total sample (N = 25) and separately for the subgroup of 6
      to 9 year olds (N = 9) and for the subsample of 10 to 16 year olds (N = 16).
      There were no significant differences between the day 7 (week 1) plasma levels
      and the means of weeks 2 to 8 or between the means of weeks 1 to 4 and 5 to 8
      within the total sample or within either subgroup. These findings suggest that
      nortriptyline steady state plasma levels within the pediatric age range are
      achieved by day 7 (week 1) and that nortriptyline (during the pediatric years)
      does not induce its own metabolism during an 8-week period. The achievement of
      steady state by day 7 is similar to that found in adults. The mean coefficients
      of variation were calculated for the total sample and for each subsample and were
      13.7 +/- 4.0% (range, 8 to 20%) for the 6 to 9 year olds; 13.8 +/- 3.2% (range,
      10 to 21%) for the 10 to 16 year olds; and 13.8 +/- 3.4% (range, 8 to 21%) for
      the total sample. These coefficients of variation are similar to the 10 to 20%
      range reported in adult subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019810
TI  - Desipramine plasma levels and response in elderly melancholic patients.
AB  - The relationship of response and plasma desipramine concentrations was examined
      in elderly depressed patients to determine whether they were more sensitive to
      the antidepressant effects of the drug and whether they would respond at lower
      plasma concentrations than younger patients. Twenty-five inpatients over the age
      of 60, who met criteria for major depression with melancholia, were unipolar,
      were not delusional, were without active medical illness or definite brain
      disease, and were still depressed after 1 week of hospitalization off
      psychotropic drugs, were treated with desipramine (2.5 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. Of the
      18 patients completing the drug trial, six responded and 12 did not. Desipramine
      levels of responders (median, 126 ng/ml) were higher than those of nonresponders
      (median, 81 ng/ml; Mann-Whitney test, p less than 0.05). The threshold for
      response was the same as the threshold (115 ng/ml) observed in 31 nondelusional
      melancholic patients under the age of 60 treated in a similar manner with
      desipramine. Among elderly patients with levels above 115 ng/ml, four of five
      responded, and below this level, two of 13 responded (Fisher's exact test, p less
      than 0.025). Five patients not responding to the initial 3-week trial responded
      when desipramine was increased and the plasma level rose above 115 ng/ml. The
      data indicate that elderly melancholic patients to not respond to lower
      desipramine plasma concentrations and that therapeutic levels are similar to
      those for younger melancholic patients. The doses of desipramine needed to reach
      these levels were also similar to those required in younger patients.

PMID- 4019811
TI  - Akinesia and mutism following a methylphenidate challenge test.
AB  - A case of akinesia and mutism is described in a menopausal, depressed woman with
      onset following a mood challenge with 40 mg of methylphenidate taken orally over
      a 3-hour period. Various diagnoses are considered with preference given on
      clinical grounds to conversion disorder precipitated by drug-induced dysphoria.
      It is suggested that increased susceptibility to dysphoria may have been related
      to prior clomipramine administration and hypoestrogenism.

PMID- 4019812
TI  - Successful treatment of psychotic depression with carbamazepine.
AB  - A patient with recurrent episodes of major depression with psychotic features was
      treated successfully with carbamazepine after unsatisfactory response to other
      interventions. Since psychotic depression is often difficult to treat with
      medications, carbamazepine may be a useful addition to the clinician's
      pharmacological armamentarium.

PMID- 4019813
TI  - Cimetidine-doxepin interaction.

PMID- 4019814
TI  - Managing a case of bipolar disorder, diabetes, and hypotension.

PMID- 4019816
TI  - Elementary school age children's comprehension of specific idiomatic expressions.
AB  - This study explored the ability of elementary school age children to comprehend
      six idiomatic expressions. Eighty linguistically normal children, 20 from each of
      four different grade levels (kindergarten, second grade, fourth grade, and sixth
      grade) participated as subjects. All of the children completed a task designed to
      probe comprehension of specific idioms. A short story was presented, after which
      the subjects were required to identify events in the story, which were described
      using idiomatic phrases. When examined as a group, comprehension of the idioms
      studied improved with increasing age. However, when examined individually,
      performance was found to be highly variable from idiom to idiom. These results
      are discussed with regard to clinical implications in the assessment and
      management of language-disordered children.

PMID- 4019815
TI  - Deaf children's revision behaviors in conversations.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate school-age deaf children's responses to a
      listener's indication of communication breakdown and to determine if the deaf
      children's responses were related to their syntactic or semantic abilities and/or
      typical mode of communication. Subjects were 14 deaf children between the ages of
      5 yr, 10 mo and 8 yr, 11 mo. Approximately once every 3 min during a 60-min
      conversation, the experimenter said, and simultaneously signed, "What?" The
      child's responses to the "What?" probe were classified as Revision, Repetition,
      and No Response. Revisions were categorized into eight subcategories involving
      changes in sentence constituents and supraconstituents. Revisions were the most
      frequent responses when communication broke down. Most of the children's
      revisions involved changes in sentence constituents. The frequency of revisions,
      repetitions, and no responses was related to the children's level of syntactic
      production.

PMID- 4019817
TI  - Remediation of intonation contours of hearing-impaired students.
AB  - Incorrect production of intonation contours is a common phonatory problem among
      the hearing impaired. Programs designed to remediate this problem include those
      that employ a systematic sequence of training steps as well as those that use
      sensory aids to provide visual or tactile feedback of contour production. A
      speech-training program that incorporates both is described. The program utilizes
      a hierarchical curriculum with either a tactile or a visual display of
      fundamental frequency for the remediation of incorrectly produced intonation
      contours. The displays are interfaced with a microprocessor, thus allowing
      regular collection of data and monitoring of the program's effectiveness. Three
      case studies are presented as representative examples of the students' progress.
      Implementation of the systematic curriculum with the use of the sensory aids
      results in improved performance in the phonatory skills of these students. The
      successes and difficulties encountered in speech training are discussed.

PMID- 4019818
TI  - Mandibular position during children's defective /s/ productions.
AB  - Mandibular displacement during /s/ production was monitored via a mercury strain
      gauge which was taped to the face of two normally articulating and six /s/
      misarticulating children. Simultaneous audio and jaw displacement visicorder
      traces were produced from an FM-tape recording of each experimental session, and
      were subsequently analyzed. Results indicated that various /s/-misarticulating
      subgroups exhibit different mandibular positions during /s/-production, and
      phonetic contextual effects upon mandibular position also vary by articulatory
      type.

PMID- 4019819
TI  - A descriptive analysis of high school seniors with speech disabilities.
AB  - Of over 26,000 high-school seniors for whom survey data from the recent High
      School and Beyond study were complete, 278 identified themselves as having speech
      disabilities. The data on these latter students were compared to those on their
      nonimpaired peers with regard to demographic variables and measures of
      achievement, personal characteristics, and relationship to school and work. These
      orally handicapped pupils tended to be older, more often from linguistic minority
      groups, and tended to present more additional handicapping conditions. The data
      also showed the impaired group at a disadvantage regarding achievement, self
      image, motivation, and career aspirations. Some possibilities for ameliorating
      these conditions are suggested.

PMID- 4019820
TI  - Self-efficacy scaling by adult stutterers.
AB  - A scale was developed for estimating adult stutterers' confidence for entering
      and maintaining fluency in a variety of speaking situations. This Self-Efficacy
      Scale for Adult Stutterers (SESAS) was administered to 20 adult stutterers along
      with the shortened form of the Erickson Scale of Communication Attitudes and the
      Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory. Twenty nonstuttering adults were also given
      the SESAS the self-efficacy scores significantly differentiated between
      stutterers and nonstutterers. SESAS scores were correlated with the Erickson
      Scale (-0.71) and the Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory (-0.52). A correlation
      of -0.51 was found for SESAS scores and stutterers' self-ratings of severity.
      Test-retest reliability for the SESAS averaged 0.89. The results suggest that
      with continued development, self-efficacy scaling may be a useful technique for
      measuring one aspect of change during treatment.

PMID- 4019821
TI  - New directions in community health.

PMID- 4019822
TI  - Do community mental health centers serve the chronically ill? The New York
      experience.
AB  - Some critics of the community mental health movement have contended that fewer
      clients with serious mental disorders are seen by local mental health centers.
      This statewide study compared patients being treated at community health centers
      (CMHC) with those seen at state psychiatric hospitals in New York State. Minor
      differences in psychiatric diagnoses and requisite levels of care needed emerged
      between short-term state psychiatric patients and CMHC inpatients. Suggestions
      for future research are offered.

PMID- 4019823
TI  - Evaluation and application of continuity measures in primary care settings.
AB  - Continuity of contact between patients and physicians has become an important
      criterion of quality primary care. Using three measures of continuity that have
      appeared in the literature, this article examines, through the use of simulated
      data and through application to data from five primary care settings, the
      differences and utility of these approaches for measuring continuity. Further,
      these measures are applied to four selected diagnoses from each of the five
      sites, and the observed continuity scores afforded patients with these diagnoses
      are compared with those expected based on the population. Finally, the scores are
      correlated with the number of return visits prescribed and kept and with the rate
      at which laboratory studies are ordered. The findings indicate that site-specific
      differences in continuity prevail even after adjustments in the number of visits.
      Continuity based on selected diagnoses is greater, for the most part, than
      continuity afforded the patient population. Finally, continuity is related to the
      number of return visits prescribed but not to the number kept or the rate at
      which laboratory studies are ordered. The implications of continuity for other
      aspects of quality patient care are discussed.

PMID- 4019824
TI  - The multidimensionality of patient satisfaction with a clinic visit.
AB  - Three hypotheses regarding the factor structure of patient satisfaction with an
      ambulatory health care encounter were tested in a New York medical center
      outpatient sample. All three hypotheses were generally supported. It was found
      that patients evaluated four distinct aspects of the clinic visit: doctor
      conduct, convenience, appointment getting, and the visit in general. A
      significant proportion of the variance in general satisfaction was explained by
      satisfaction with doctor conduct and satisfaction with convenience. Three factor
      scales of patient satisfaction were developed with demonstrable internal
      consistency reliability. Some possible effects of response method on satisfaction
      ratings were studied; these method effects were not substantial, and it is
      suggested that this type of psychometric procedure be used in further studies of
      patient satisfaction.

PMID- 4019825
TI  - A spin echo chemical shift MR imaging technique.
AB  - A new method is described that produces images of either the fat or water
      component in tissues in magnetic resonance imaging. Only a single scan is
      required, with scan times of a few minutes. Chemical shift selectivity is
      achieved in the spin echo process by controlling the spectral content of the 180
      degree pulse that induces the spin echoes. A theoretical analysis of the
      selective spin echo process for the case of a radio frequency pulse of constant
      amplitude shows that spin echoes will be suppressed for certain values of offset
      frequency that are similar to, but different from, the frequencies at which the
      Fourier spectrum of the pulse vanishes. The theory was confirmed by experiment on
      a water phantom. The imaging technique was tested on both a phantom of oil and
      water and on a human forearm. Excellent suppression of the water signal was found
      in the fat images, and the small fat component seen in the water images is
      attributable to components of the triglyceride molecule for which spectral lines
      overlap those of water. The forearm images also showed blood flow effects in the
      water image that were not visible in the fat image. The relationship of this
      method to other proposed methods of chemical shift imaging is discussed.

PMID- 4019826
TI  - MR imaging of meningiomas including studies with and without gadolinium-DTPA.
AB  - The magnetic resonance (MR) appearances in 12 successive cases of histologically
      verified meningioma are described. In six of these cases intravenous gadolinium
      diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) (0.1 mmol/kg) was administered.
      Each of the eight tumours for which T1 was measured displayed an increase in T1
      above that of white matter although the T2 was in the normal range for brain in
      two of four cases. Inversion recovery was the most useful sequence for
      demonstration of the tumour prior to administration of intravenous Gd-DTPA and
      also displayed the highest level of contrast enhancement after Gd-DTPA. The
      overall findings compared well with contrast enhanced X-ray CT.

PMID- 4019827
TI  - Intracranial hematomas studied by MR imaging at 0.17 and 0.02 T.
AB  - The contrast in magnetic resonance (MR) images relies mainly on the relaxation
      time differences between the tissues. The relative differences in relaxation
      times T1 are bigger at lower field strengths, although the absolute values of T1
      are smaller. A shorter T1 is also advantageous for the contrast of the T2 and
      proton density weighted images because of the more complete recovery of the spin
      system during the repetition time TR. Scrutiny of the clinical results of MR
      shows some unsolved problems in the specificity of diagnosing fresh intracranial
      hematomas. Low field MR imaging at 0.02 T seems to offer new vistas in this
      sense. Fresh subdural hematoma was more easily detected and differentiated at
      0.02 T than at 0.17 T. The T2 of fresh intracranial hematomas was rather short
      compared with cerebrospinal fluid and edema and, unlike T1, was not highly
      dependent on magnetic field strength. The different visualization of acute versus
      late intracerebral hematoma and the changes during the resorption were
      demonstrated in follow-up studies of two patients at 0.17 T and of one at 0.02 T.
      In one patient the same lesion was imaged successively at both field strengths,
      showing the divergent contrast in the inversion recovery images at 0.02 and 0.17
      T.

PMID- 4019828
TI  - Wall of infundibular recess: a CT and MR study.
AB  - A ring of enhancement immediately posterior to the optic chiasm has been observed
      on postcontrast, thin section, axial CT. This ring represents enhancement of the
      infundibular recess' wall and does not have any pathologic significance. Magnetic
      resonance confirmed this anatomic interpretation.

PMID- 4019829
TI  - Toward quantitative characterization of the caudate nucleus through CT image
      enhancement.
AB  - Dilated lateral cerebral ventricles have been reported in association with
      psychiatric disorders. The dilatation is likely secondary to changes in
      anatomically related centers in the brain. Our attention is focused on the
      caudate nucleus and the need to develop quantitative characterization of it in
      psychiatric research. A computer method is described for accurately detecting the
      edges of the caudate nuclei in CT scans. The method consists of a two-dimensional
      filtering step to reduce image noise, followed by gradient computation for edge
      enhancement, and then an edge detection step to identify and record the caudate
      nuclei cross sections. Results from both head scans and synthetic images indicate
      that the method is successful even for low-contrast edges where the standard
      deviation of image noise approaches the difference in mean HU across the edge.
      The availability of an automated method of delineating the caudate nucleus
      permits the cross-sectional area and shape to be determined, the density to be
      estimated, and, from a set of closely spaced slices, volume information to be
      obtained.

PMID- 4019830
TI  - "Incomplete ring" sign: a simple method for CT detection of spondylolysis.
AB  - Multiple authors have pointed out the difficulty of detecting spondylolysis with
      lumbar CT. A simple method to detect spondylolysis on lumbar CT is described.
      Identifying one intact cortical ring for each vertebra absolutely excludes the
      diagnosis obviating the time-consuming need to search each image looking for
      positive evidence of the abnormality. If at least one intact cortical ring for
      each vertebra is not found, a defect in the ring at the appropriate position
      assures the diagnosis.

PMID- 4019831
TI  - MR image contrast and relaxation times of solid tumors in the chest, abdomen, and
      pelvis.
AB  - A retrospective study of 121 patients with tumors in the chest, abdomen, and
      pelvis was made to assess the degree of contrast between solid tumors and
      adjacent tissue on magnetic resonance (MR) spin echo (SE) images. Tumors examined
      were hepatomas (five patients), liver metastases (17), hemangiomas (seven),
      biliary carcinomas (eight), pancreatic carcinomas (five), renal tumors (15),
      adrenal tumors (eight), uterine tumors (17), bladder carcinomas (five), prostatic
      carcinomas (13), bone tumors (six), and lung carcinomas (15). A long repetition
      time (TR) and a long echo time (TE) were found the most useful to delineate
      tumors from liver, renal tumors from kidney, lung carcinoma from lung, pelvic
      tumors from muscle, and uterine tumors from the myometrium. A short TR and short
      TE provided the best contrast between tumors and fat and bone marrow. Therefore,
      for detection and staging of tumors, both a sequence with short TR and short TE
      and one with long TR and long TE are necessary. Pancreatic carcinomas were
      difficult to differentiate from liver and pancreas on all SE sequences used in
      the study. Contrast of adrenal tumors was independent of the sequence used. Some
      adrenal tumors were hypointense and some similar in intensity to the kidney.
      Further MR characterization of the tumors was limited.

PMID- 4019832
TI  - CT findings in pleural aspergillosis.
AB  - Two patients who underwent pulmonary resections for lung cancer developed delayed
      pleural abnormalities. In each instance CT confirmed the presence of pleural
      thickening, nodularity, and intrapleural masses proven to represent intrapleural
      aspergillomas.

PMID- 4019833
TI  - Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia: clinical and CT findings.
AB  - We present two patients with biopsy proven primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in
      whom CT demonstrated diffuse nodular thickening of small bowel without adenopathy
      or hepatosplenomegaly. One patient had extensive ascites. Although the CT
      findings are not specific to lymphangiectasia, they may allow one to suggest the
      diagnosis in the patient with protein losing enteropathy and help distinguish it
      from inflammatory bowel disease, lymphoma, celiac disease, or Whipple disease.

PMID- 4019834
TI  - Computed tomography of renal tuberculosis and its pathological correlates.
AB  - Computed tomographic studies of eight patients with proven renal tuberculosis
      demonstrated a spectrum of findings related to the extent and the severity of
      kidney involvement. In early or focal disease, obstruction of a single major
      calyx or a group of minor calyces was noted (four cases) with no excretion of
      contrast material into the affected calyces (three cases) and cortical thinning.
      Tuberculosis of the renal pelvis (five cases) was manifested by either pelvic
      dilatation secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction (three patients) or
      diffuse pelvic contraction (two patients). In far advanced disease (four cases)
      the kidneys were small and exhibited atrophy with replacement of parenchyma by
      one or more low density areas. Calcifications (37.5%) were identified in the
      parenchyma and within the calyces. Computed tomography may provide the first clue
      in suggesting the inflammatory nature of a renal mass and excluding a neoplastic
      process. Computed tomography is also of value in determining the full extent of
      extrarenal involvement and the amount of residual functioning parenchyma, both of
      which are critical in proper treatment planning.

PMID- 4019835
TI  - Computed tomography of acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis.
AB  - Two patients with rhabdomyolysis and renal failure were imaged with CT. The
      presence of a striate nephrogram, nephromegaly, and perinephric fluid has not
      previously been described on CT. Although nonspecific, these findings suggest the
      diagnosis of acute tubular blockade, and, once identified, administration of
      additional urographic contrast medium should be avoided.

PMID- 4019836
TI  - Computed tomography of prostatic and bladder rhabdomyosarcomas.
AB  - Rhabdomyosarcoma represents the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. The
      CT findings in five patients with pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma are reported. In the
      three male patients the primary tumor originated in the prostate gland whereas in
      the two female patients the bladder was the primary site. The CT findings in the
      prostatic tumors included an enlarged, inhomogeneous prostatic mass with invasion
      of the perirectal fat. In two of these patients there was thickening of the
      levator ani muscle and one showed tumor invasion through the ischiorectal fossa
      and sciatic and obturator foramina into the pelvic musculature and bone. In the
      two patients with bladder tumors, one showed a large mass adjacent to the lateral
      aspect of the bladder and ascites, suggesting an ovarian primary tumor. The other
      patient with sarcoma botryoides (a subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma) had a diffusely
      thickened bladder. Two patients have had a follow-up CT demonstrating tumor
      regression posttherapy. The characteristically large size of these masses and
      propensity for local invasion in a young patient are typical features of pelvic
      rhabdomyosarcoma.

PMID- 4019837
TI  - Computed tomography of benign ovarian masses.
AB  - Although ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for evaluating benign
      gynecologic pelvic masses, CT may provide diagnostic information regarding
      ovarian masses that are discovered fortuitously. The relatively infrequent use of
      CT in evaluating the adnexa has resulted in a paucity of literature regarding the
      CT characteristics of benign ovarian masses. The CT appearances of 24 benign
      ovarian masses are presented. Pathologic diagnoses were ovarian cyst (nine),
      endometrioma (five), teratoma (three), serous cystadenoma (two), mucinous
      cystadenoma (two), thecoma (one), cystadenofibroma (one), and Brenner tumor
      (one). Benign ovarian cysts have characteristic homogeneous water density and
      smooth walls on CT. Single internal septations and slight wall irregularity are
      also common features, but soft-tissue mural or septal nodules are uncommon.
      Computed tomography can be diagnostic in evaluating cystic teratomas. Other
      benign ovarian masses exhibit a spectrum of CT appearances that is often
      nonspecific, and surgical or biopsy proof may be necessary to exclude malignancy.

PMID- 4019838
TI  - MR imaging in Fahr disease.
AB  - The calcifications of Fahr disease that are detected by CT in the dentate nuclei
      of the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and white matter of the cerebral hemispheres
      displayed three patterns with magnetic resonance imaging using the multiple echo
      technique: (a) cerebellar calcifications were undetected; (b) basal ganglia
      calcifications displayed low or no signal and appeared as "black" areas in four
      echoes; and (c) white matter calcifications displayed a high signal in the four
      echoes and appeared intensely white. The different behavior of the three
      calcified sites probably reflects different stages of the disease or different
      metabolic states with predominance of inert calcium deposits in the basal
      ganglia. In the white matter there is probably a higher concentration of binding
      proteins and mucopolysaccharides.

PMID- 4019839
TI  - MR imaging in adrenoleukomyeloneuropathy.
AB  - A 54-year-old patient with clinical and biochemical features of the
      adrenoleukomyeloneuropathy-complex is reported. Although CT was essentially
      normal, magnetic resonance (MR) showed areas of prolonged T1 and T2 values in the
      corpus callosum, around the trigones of the lateral ventricles, in the internal
      capsules, in the pons, and in the cervical spinal cord. This case report
      indicates that MR is better suited than CT to detect demyelination of the
      cerebral white matter and of descending tracts.

PMID- 4019840
TI  - MR imaging of cerebral toxoplasmosis: correlation of computed tomography and
      pathology.
AB  - A case of cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome who was evaluated by both CT and magnetic resonance is reported.
      Magnetic resonance proved to be far more sensitive in detecting the intracranial
      lesions than CT.

PMID- 4019841
TI  - Low dose arterial contrast enhancement for cranial computed tomography in renal
      insufficiency.
AB  - In patients with severe renal insufficiency, the high iodine doses used for
      intravenous contrast medium enhanced CT can lead to renal injury. To minimize
      renal toxicity in one such patient, dynamic contrast enhanced CT was performed
      during right common carotid arterial infusion of 17 ml of 30% diatrizoate
      meglumine solution. Intense homogeneous contrast enhancement of an otherwise
      isodense mass permitted a diagnosis of meningioma, with excellent definition of
      tumor extent.

PMID- 4019842
TI  - Coexistence of a nasal mucoepidermoid carcinoma and sphenoid mucoceles: CT
      diagnosis and treatment implications.
AB  - Mucoepidermoid carcinomas of minor salivary gland origin rarely arise in the
      nasal cavity. A patient with such a tumor in association with bilateral sphenoid
      sinus mucoceles is presented. This diagnosis was established preoperatively by CT
      and allowed an attempt at curative surgery to be made. The CT and pathological
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 4019843
TI  - Papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst: CT findings.
AB  - A case of papillary carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst is presented.
      The cystic mass may have a variable anatomic location: intralingual, suprahyoid,
      thyrohyoid, and suprasternal, along the course of the embryologic descent of the
      thyroid gland. Computed tomography allows characterization and precise
      identification of the extent of the lesion prior to surgical resection.

PMID- 4019844
TI  - Cardiac tumor associated with tuberous sclerosis: CT diagnosis.

PMID- 4019845
TI  - Jejunal perforation by a toothpick: CT demonstration.
AB  - Ingested foreign bodies are often seen in clinical practice, but their
      radiographic demonstration is unusual unless they have a metallic or bony
      density. This report describes and illustrates a case of small bowel perforation
      secondary to an ingested wooden toothpick and emphasizes the role of CT in
      evaluating similar cases.

PMID- 4019846
TI  - Delayed development of splenic subcapsular hematoma: CT evaluation.
AB  - We report a patient with delayed development of a splenic subcapsular hematoma
      following abdominal trauma. This unique occurrence may well explain the more
      commonly known phenomenon of delayed rupture of the spleen after trauma.

PMID- 4019847
TI  - Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the adrenal gland simulating myelolipoma: CT
      evaluation.
AB  - A case of metastasis to the adrenal gland is reported in which the CT appearance
      suggested myelolipoma by virtue of the presence of a discrete area of fat density
      within it.

PMID- 4019848
TI  - Enhanced ascites: CT sign of ureteral fistula.
AB  - Contrast enhancement of intraperitoneal fluid was observed on CT after
      intravenous contrast medium injection in a patient who had had a cesarean section
      2 weeks earlier. Correct analysis of this finding led to prompt discovery of a
      clinically unsuspected partial right ureteral disruption by a hemostatic suture.
      At surgery the diagnosis was confirmed and the ureter repaired.

PMID- 4019849
TI  - CT diagnosis of intracranial neurinoma of the hypoglossal nerve.

PMID- 4019850
TI  - Computed tomography of metastatic chondrosarcoma to the brain.

PMID- 4019851
TI  - Aneurysmal dilatation of the superior mesenteric vein: CT findings.

PMID- 4019852
TI  - CT demonstration of a ureteroinguinal hernia causing hydronephrosis.

PMID- 4019853
TI  - CT signs of ischemic muscle necrosis.

PMID- 4019854
TI  - Respiratory ordered phase encoding (ROPE): a method for reducing respiratory
      motion artefacts in MR imaging.
AB  - A method of reducing respiratory artefact when using the spin warp technique of
      magnetic resonance imaging is described. A respiratory signal is used to
      determine the order in which the rows of the data matrix are measured. The aim is
      to make the respiratory signal at the time of each phase encoding gradient a
      slowly varying function of the time integral of the gradient and hence of the row
      number. Data are collected during each cycle of the imaging sequence; thus the
      scanning time is not increased.

PMID- 4019856
TI  - Practical skin pathology course. London, England, July 7-10, 1985.

PMID- 4019855
TI  - Fast overlapping scans in cerebral computed angiotomography.
AB  - Three to four overlapping cerebral CT scans were obtained after the injection of
      a single bolus of contrast medium. The rapid sequential dynamic scanning was
      carried out with table increments, while there was peak iodine density in the
      carotid artery. The demonstration of cerebral vessel lesions (aneurysms, moyamoya
      disease, arteriovenous malformations, arterial narrowing, etc.) is easier and
      safer with this method as compared with the conventional multiple injection
      technique.

PMID- 4019857
TI  - Hair follicle tumors of the skin.

PMID- 4019858
TI  - Sebaceous tumors of the skin.

PMID- 4019859
TI  - The natural history of nevus sebaceus.

PMID- 4019860
TI  - Pseudo-carcinomatous hyperplasia.

PMID- 4019861
TI  - Malignant epidermal tumours.

PMID- 4019862
TI  - Cutaneous metastases.

PMID- 4019863
TI  - Malignant melanocytic tumours.

PMID- 4019864
TI  - Borderline melanocytic tumors.

PMID- 4019865
TI  - Early diagnosis of Mycosis fungoides: vacuolar interface dermatitis.
AB  - The earliest detectable histologic alteration in patients developing mycosis
      fungoides is vacuolar interface dermatitis. Effacement of the epidermis is
      common. This is followed sequentially by invasion of the epidermis by mononuclear
      cells both singly and in groups, epidermal hyperplasia and finally the
      development of easily recognized Pautrier microabscesses as well as of
      characteristic atypical "mycosis" cells.

PMID- 4019866
TI  - The lichenoid tissue reaction.

PMID- 4019867
TI  - Follicular and perforating disorders.
AB  - Pathologic changes associated with hair follicles include infundibular
      hyperkeratosis, inflammation, mucinous degeneration and transepidermal
      elimination of foreign material. Because of the focal nature of the pathologic
      changes multiple sections are often useful in establishing the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 4019868
TI  - Necrobiotic granulomas.

PMID- 4019869
TI  - Mycobacterial skin infections.

PMID- 4019870
TI  - Cutaneous mucinous deposits.
AB  - A survey of conditions with mucinous deposits is given. The most important
      factors for their diagnosis are to consider these disorders and to stain the
      slides for proteoglycans or glycosaminoglycans; the most common routine
      techniques are the Giemsa and the Alcian-blue stain. More sophisticated methods
      allow differentiation between specific compounds, especially hyaluronic acid and
      various proteoglycans.

PMID- 4019871
TI  - Collagen diseases.
AB  - Dermatomyositis and variants of lupus erythematosus share histopathologic
      features which include liquefaction degeneration of the epidermal basal zone,
      melanin pigment incontinence, and the presence of colloid bodies. The pattern of
      epidermal changes and dermal inflammation help establish the correct diagnosis.
      Immunofluorescence microscopy of skin biopsies is useful in confirming the
      diagnosis.

PMID- 4019872
TI  - Panniculitis.

PMID- 4019873
TI  - Cutaneous vasculitis.

PMID- 4019874
TI  - Youth unemployment: a review of the literature.
AB  - This paper sets out to review the studies on youth unemployment conducted in a
      range of English speaking countries: America, Australia and Great Britain. The
      studies have been divided into six sections: psychological adjustment,
      attributions and expectations, education about unemployment, job choice and work
      experience, values, and job interview training. The paucity of good studies in
      this area partly explains the lack of clear replicated findings or coherent
      theories for the causes, correlates and consequences of unemployment among young
      people, though this is an area of relevance to social policy. Furthermore, it was
      concluded that various factors such as individual differences, salient
      demographic variables and previous work experience have been neglected.
      Nevertheless, many of the studies seem to indicate the presence of a destructive
      vicious circle which young people experience when failing to get a job: stress
      and disappointment, leading to lowered self-esteem, a change in expectations, and
      minor psychiatric illnesses which handicap the job search and application process
      so making unemployment all the more likely.

PMID- 4019875
TI  - Parent-adolescent communication.
AB  - This project involved the development of a questionnaire for measuring parent
      adolescent communication on both process and content dimensions. The six process
      dimensions, chosen on the basis of available literature, were: frequency,
      initiation, recognition, self-disclosure, domination and satisfaction. Six-point
      scales with clearly defined scale points were designed for each dimension.
      Fourteen content areas were also chosen and these were selected to include areas
      representative of two dimensions: general principles vs. specific issues, and
      external social reference vs. intrafamily references. First-year university
      students rated their interactions with their mothers, fathers and both parents
      together on each of the six process dimensions for each of the fourteen content
      areas. Parents were asked to rate the same items in the way they thought their
      adolescent son or daughter would rate them. Results were analysed separately for
      each process dimension using discriminant analysis, with sex of parent and sex of
      adolescent as independent variables. Overall, adolescents of both sexes tended to
      communicate more with mothers than with fathers over a wide range of areas. In
      fact, politics was the only area on which subjects talked more with fathers than
      mothers. Also, more self-disclosure occurred to mothers than to fathers, with
      daughters disclosing more to mothers than did sons. Mothers were also more
      accurate than fathers at predicting adolescents' responses. The usefulness of the
      questionnaire for exploring this important area of parent-adolescent
      communication will be discussed.

PMID- 4019876
TI  - Youth violence directed toward significant others.
AB  - This study explored violent behavior of high school students toward their
      parents, using a self-report questionnaire. The families of the students were
      characterized as having high, moderate, or low levels of family functioning, and
      these levels were correlated with the amount of violent behavior manifested by
      the youths. It was found that violence by young people toward their parents
      tended to be concentrated in households with strong manifestations of intra
      family violence or aggression between the parents, between parents and children,
      and between siblings. Low levels of family functioning, characterized by
      disagreements over money matters, inappropriate disciplining of children, few
      share activities, and alcohol abuse, also correlated strongly with youth violence
      toward parents. It was also found that youths involved in deviant peer group
      activity had higher levels of violence toward parents than youths who were not
      involved in this way.

PMID- 4019877
TI  - Adolescent perceptions of family scapegoating: a comparison of parental and
      sibling involvement.
AB  - A self-report measure of being scapegoated in one's family was given to a non
      clinical sample of 403 adolescents. Reports of scapegoating varied more with the
      type of family conflict scapegoated than with the family member(s) engaged in
      scapegoating. Scapegoating was also related to parental support, family conflict
      and adolescent adjustment problems.

PMID- 4019878
TI  - The sex distribution of children in care.
AB  - It is shown that there is a substantial and sustained disparity, both on a
      national and on a regional basis, between the numbers of males and the numbers of
      females in care. The disparity is analysed by examining the reasons for entering
      care, and the legal status of those in care. It is shown that in the aggregate
      the disparity is caused by imbalances in admissions, particularly in certain key
      legal and administrative categories. The phenomenon is also shown to have both
      geographical and accommodation dimensions, and some conjectures for its
      behavioural origins are offered.

PMID- 4019879
TI  - Characteristics of the psychoses of late onset in children and adolescents (a
      comparative study of hallucinating children).
AB  - In a retrospective design, 20 children and adolescents with psychoses of late
      onset and hallucinations were compared with 20 children with conduct or emotional
      disorders who also had hallucinations. Marked differences emerged between the two
      groups. Psychotic subjects showed significantly more delusions, abnormalities in
      language production, inappropriate affect, bizarre behaviour, hypoactivity, and
      social withdrawal. Some subjects had symptoms which indicated a specially
      profound breakdown in personality functioning, but schneiderian and other
      schizophrenic symptoms were relatively rare. This questions their diagnostic
      value in the psychoses of late onset of children and adolescents.

PMID- 4019880
TI  - Responses of high-producing dairy cows to long-term treatment with pituitary
      somatotropin and recombinant somatotropin.
AB  - Thirty Holstein cows capable of high milk production were utilized to examine the
      effects of long-term administration of bovine somatotropin on lactational
      performance. Treatments were 0 (control), 13.5, 27, and 40.5 mg/day of
      recombinantly-derived bovine somatotropin and 27 mg/day of pituitary-derived
      bovine somatotropin. Hormone was injected intramuscularly, once daily beginning
      at 84 +/- 10 days postpartum and continuing for 188 days. Cows were fed ad
      libitum a total mixed diet throughout the lactation. Recombinant somatotropin
      treatments increased average fat-corrected milk yield in a dose-dependent fashion
      from 23 to 41% over the control production (27.9 kg/day. Pituitary somatotropin
      (27 mg/day) increased milk production by 16%. Milk lactose, protein, and fat
      composition was similar for all treatments. Control cows were in positive energy
      balance throughout the treatment period (4.7 Mcal net energy/day. Initially, the
      large increase in milk yield with somatotropin treatment caused cows to decrease
      in energy balance. However, voluntary intake gradually increased, and by week 10
      of treatment all somatotropin treatment groups were in positive energy balance.
      Thus, the gain in body weight over the treatment period was similar for all
      groups, ranging from 17 to 22%. Gross lactational efficiency (milk per unit of
      net energy intake) was improved by exogenous somatotropin whether calculated as
      observed, corrected for body weight changes, or using the theoretical energy
      requirements for maintenance and milk production. Results are consistent with
      bovine somatotropin as a homeorhetic control that coordinates an array of
      physiological processes so that nutrients are partitioned for milk synthesis.

PMID- 4019881
TI  - Characterization of limestones and their effects in vitro and in vivo in dairy
      cattle.
AB  - Capacities of limestones of differing particle size to neutralize acid in vitro
      and to modify pH and utilization of feedstuffs in vivo were compared. Acid
      neutralization during pH-stat titrations was faster for fine than for coarse
      limestone, and mixed microbial cultures were more resistant to pH change when
      they contained fine calcium carbonate. Diets containing 25:75 corn silage to
      concentrates and .95% calcium from either coarse or fine limestone were fed to
      rumen-fistulated heifers. Total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations were
      higher for the fine limestone treatment. Ruminal volumes, dry matter
      disappearance, and ruminal fluid pH and dilution rate did not differ between fine
      and coarse limestone treatments. Ruminal fluid volume, osmolality, ratios of
      acetate to propionate, and concentrations of total volatile fatty acids were
      unaffected in rumen-fistulated Holstein cows fed 60:40 corn silage to
      concentrates and either .5% calcium (control) or 1.0% calcium from either coarse
      or fine limestone. Ruminal pH increased .07 to .10 units with limestone
      supplementation. Ruminal fluid dilution and particulate turnover rates were
      slower for the coarse limestone than the control treatment. Differences between
      coarse and fine limestones in vitro were observed under some conditions in vivo,
      but they were not consistent.

PMID- 4019882
TI  - Prediction of heifer transmitting ability from genetic evaluations of sire, dam,
      and maternal grandsire.
AB  - Estimated transmitting abilities for milk of 258,201 Holstein heifers from first
      lactations were regressed on sire's milk proof, maternal grandsire's milk proof,
      and either dam's estimated transmitting ability from milk in first lactation or
      dams's estimated transmitting ability from milk of all lactations. Effects of
      year of birth of dam, dam's estimated transmitting ability for milk from first
      lactation, for milk from all lactations, estimated transmitting ability for fat
      from first lactation or for fat from all lactations were determined by sorting
      data into deciles by each of these criteria and calculating partial regression
      coefficients within each decile. For data in deciles on dams's estimated
      transmitting ability for milk in first lactation, no further information was
      gained from all lactations. Partial regression coefficients from regression of
      heifer's estimated transmitting ability from first lactation on dam's estimated
      transmitting ability from first lactation, maternal grandsire's proof, and sire's
      proof were similar to approximate theoretical upper limits. The partial
      regression coefficient for dam's estimated transmitting ability from all
      lactations was much smaller than expected. Because regression on dam's estimated
      transmitting ability from first lactation resulted in weights more closely
      approximating theoretical upper limits than weights from regression on dam's
      estimated transmitting ability from all lactations, the use of the former is
      preferred to predict heifer's estimated transmitting ability from first
      lactation.

PMID- 4019883
TI  - Selecting for lactation curve and milk yield in dairy cattle.
AB  - Knowledge of genetic relationships between characteristics of lactation curves
      and lactation yields is essential for joint selection for both. An equation, yt =
      atbexp(-ct), was chosen to depict individual lactation curves for 5,927 first
      lactations by Holsteins in 557 herds in Michigan Dairy Herd Improvement where yt
      is daily milk yield at day t in lactation, a is yield at time zero, b is ascent
      to peak, and c is decline after peak. Genetic correlations for 305-day milk yield
      with initial production (a), ascent to peak (b), descent after peak (c), and peak
      yield were -.37, .40, 0, and .91. From empirical results from applied selection
      indexes, selecting for both increase of ascent to peak and peak yield did not
      decrease 305-day milk substantially. Rankings of sires on these indexes were
      similar to their rankings on milk yield alone. Attempts to decrease peak yield
      and increase persistency decreased milk yield greatly.

PMID- 4019884
TI  - Genetic and phenotypic statistics of lactation cell counts in different
      lactations of Holstein cows.
AB  - Between February 1977 and February 1982, 680,246 monthly test-day observations of
      somatic cell count were taken for Holstein cows having completed 79,124
      lactations in 941 herds on the Quebec Dairy Herd Analysis Service. Data were
      transformed to natural log scale, and analyses were separate within five parity
      groups. Two lactational measures of cell count, geometric mean, and weighted (by
      test-day milk yield) mean of the log of monthly cell counts were calculated for
      each lactation. Maximum likelihood, iterative Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased
      Estimation, and multivariate Restricted Maximum Likelihood procedures were used
      for estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters. Repeatabilities of log test
      day cell counts and log of test-day cell counts corrected for milk yield were the
      same at each parity, .36, .41, .42, .42, and .42 in first, second, third, fourth,
      and fifth and later parities. Repeatabilities of lactational measures of cell
      count were .33 between first and second parities, .40 between second and third
      parities, .13 between first and third parities, and .27 between first, second,
      and third parities. Heritabilities of measures of lactational cell count were
      small from .06 to .14 in the five parities. Genetic correlations between measures
      of lactational cell count in different parities were close to unity, .90 to .97.

PMID- 4019885
TI  - Effect of season and high environmental temperature on fertility of Holstein
      cattle.
AB  - The breeding records and meteorological data for cows with first services between
      July 1, 1979, and June 30, 1980, in a large Florida herd were analyzed to
      determine the relationship between temperature and breeding efficiency. Seasonal
      high environmental temperatures were associated with low breeding efficiency.
      Increased maximum temperature from 29.7 degrees C during April to 33.9 degrees C
      during July was associated with a decrease in conception rate on first service
      from 25 to 7%. Also, the average number of inseminations per conception, based on
      pregnancy diagnosis 6 to 8 wk after breeding, was higher from May to August (4.5
      to 5.3) than from September to April (2.3 to 3.5). Days open were longer for the
      cows first inseminated during May, June, and July (173, 171, and 167 days,
      respectively) than during other months (99 to 149 days). Temperature decreases of
      any magnitude for 1 to 3 days before or after the day of breeding, when maximum
      temperatures on the day of breeding were greater than or equal to 27 degrees C,
      were associated with higher pregnancy rates. Also, similar temperature decreases
      around the time of breeding, below the previously mentioned high maximum
      temperatures for 20 days before the day of breeding, were accompanied by higher
      conception rates. Fertility was consistently lower under all temperature changes
      when maximum temperatures on the day of breeding were greater than or equal to 33
      degrees C.

PMID- 4019886
TI  - Production and physiological responses of dairy cows to varying dietary potassium
      during heat stress.
AB  - Objectives were to study influences of heat stress and dietary potassium content
      on production and physiological responses of 8 Jersey and 10 Holstein cows
      blocked by breed and assigned randomly to no shade or shade environments. Each
      cow received a different dietary potassium treatment (.66, 1.08, and 1.64% of dry
      matter) in each of three 30-day periods. Rates of potassium loss from skin were
      almost five times greater for no shade as for shade cows during the hottest part
      of the day (1300 to 1500 h). Overall, cows with no shade ate 56% less during the
      daytime (0800 to 1600 h), 19% more during nighttime (1600 to 0800 h), and 13%
      less total feed than cows with shade. Interactions of environment and breed with
      dietary potassium treatment suggest differences in feed intake and milk yield
      responses to increasing dietary potassium content. Total daily feed intake and
      milk yield of cows with no shade responded in curvilinear fashion to increasing
      dietary potassium, whereas responses in shade were small. Largest responses in no
      shade were as dietary potassium increased from .66 to 1.08%. Milk yield of
      Holsteins increased with increasing dietary potassium, but yield of Jerseys did
      not. Combined effects of elevated potassium loss from skin and reduced potassium
      and dry matter intake during heat stress suggested that lactating dairy cows may
      benefit from supplemental potassium.

PMID- 4019887
TI  - Upper critical temperatures and forced ventilation effects for high-yielding
      dairy cows in a subtropical climate.
AB  - Upper limit of thermal stability and subsequent rise of thermoregulatory
      functions as affected by forced ventilation were examined. Rectal temperature,
      respiratory frequency, ear skin temperature, body weight, and milk yield were
      recorded biweekly July to March over 2 yr for 170 Israeli-Holstein cows (305-day
      milk yield 9000 kg/cow) at air temperatures 10 to 36 degrees C. Cows were in an
      open shelter. One side was force ventilated over 2.5 m along the stanchions (air
      velocity 1.5 to 3 m/s) from 0500 to 2200 h. Control side mean air velocity was .5
      m/s. Within the 10 to 24 degrees C range, rectal temperature was not affected by
      air temperature or forced ventilation but increased by .02 degrees C/kg fat
      corrected milk in animals producing above 24 kg/day. Between 26 and 36 degrees C
      rectal temperature increased with air temperature in both groups; rate of rise
      was halved by forced ventilation. In this range of air temperature, rectal
      temperature increased with rising milk yield, as in the lower air temperature
      range, in both high-producing and lower-producing cows in forced ventilation.
      Body weight or parity did not have significant effects. Mean ear skin temperature
      was higher for control animals, but its rate of increase with air temperature was
      similar in both groups. Forced ventilation reduced mean respiratory rate. An
      upper critical temperature is 25 to 26 degrees C and is independent of milk yield
      or acclimatizational state of cows exposed to the natural sequence of climate.

PMID- 4019888
TI  - Survey of nutritional management practices and metabolic disorders in West
      Virginia dairy herds.
AB  - Sixteen farmers, representing three major dairy counties in West Virginia, were
      interviewed to determine current dairy management practices. Herd health records
      were used to determine the incidence of metabolic and digestive disorders. All
      feedstuffs used on these farms were sampled for chemical analyses. The total
      number of cows on the 16 farms surveyed was 1870 with an average herd size of 117
      and 6387 kg milk produced per cow per year. Fourteen of the 16 farmers used
      forage testing services, obtained professional advice on feeding and nutrition,
      and attempted to feed according to production. Eleven of sixteen farmers
      increased grain 2 weeks prior to calving and all gradually adjusted the intake of
      grain to cows recently freshened. Ration imbalance problems included both
      excesses and deficiencies of energy, protein, phosphorus, and calcium. Excess
      calcium, phosphorous, and crude protein were correlated (P less than .01, r2 =
      .74) with the incidence of fat cows. The incidence of metabolic disorders in
      these herds was low to average and the most prevalent management problem
      encountered was low butter fat.

PMID- 4019889
TI  - Changes of evaluation for natural-service sampled bulls brought into artificial
      insemination.
AB  - United States Department of Agriculture Sire Summary files were used to select
      bulls with a published Modified Contemporary Comparison sire evaluation prior to
      entry into artificial insemination. Canadian bulls were not included. Of the
      Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein, and Jersey bulls that entered artificial
      insemination since 1974, 28 Brown Swiss, 19 Guernseys, 298 Holsteins, and 45
      Jerseys (4 to 12%) had natural service evaluations. Of these bulls, 10 Guernseys,
      154 Holsteins, and 28 Jerseys had an increase of Repeatability of 30% or more
      after entering artificial insemination. Evaluations for bulls just prior to their
      entering artificial insemination were compared with their most recent evaluations
      through July 1983. Average Repeatabilities for evaluations of bulls just prior to
      their entering artificial insemination were 32% for Guernseys, 32% for Holsteins,
      and 31% for Jerseys and 88, 90, and 87% for their most recent evaluations.
      Average Predicted Differences prior to entering artificial insemination were 305
      kg for Guernseys, 394 kg for Holsteins, and 452 kg for Jerseys for milk and 11,
      10, and 16 kg for fat. Most recent average Predicted Differences were 268, 380,
      and 532 kg for milk and 7, 10, and 18 kg for fat. Predicted Differences of
      natural service bulls were not overevaluated regardless of number of herds for
      sampling or year of entry into artificial insemination. Artificial insemination
      organizations can continue to acquire bulls with natural service evaluations
      calculated with the Modified Contemporary Comparison and be confident that these
      Predicted Differences are not overestimated.

PMID- 4019890
TI  - Environmental mastitis: cause, prevalence, prevention.
AB  - Rate of intramammary infection by coliform bacteria and species of streptococci
      other than Streptococcus agalactiae (environmental pathogens) was studied in a
      dairy herd in total confinement. Rate was higher during the dry period than
      during lactation and increased progressively as parity increased. Rate was
      maximal during summer and coincided with maximum exposure to coliforms in
      bedding. Streptococcal infections were longer than coliform. Approximately 59% of
      streptococcal infections and 69% of coliform infections were present for 30
      lactation days or less. Percent quarters infected by day of year varied between
      .7 and 3.0% for coliform bacteria and between 1.6 and 4.7% for streptococci.
      Approximately 81% of coliform infections and 53% of streptococcal infections
      during lactation were clinical. Clinical cases were highest during the first 76
      days of lactation and during summer. Only 6.7% of coliform infections resulted in
      acute coliform mastitis, and all acute cases were during summer or early
      lactation. Dry cow therapy reduced rate of streptococcal infection during the
      early dry period but was without effect during the prepartum period. There was no
      effect of dry cow therapy on coliform infection rate during the dry period.
      Problems associated with prevalence and control of environmental mastitis were
      discussed.

PMID- 4019891
TI  - Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Cancers of the Skin. March 7-9, 1985,
      New York City. Abstracts.

PMID- 4019892
TI  - [Cellular cholinesterases of epidermis and skin glands of mammals].

PMID- 4019893
TI  - [Effect of immunoglobulins on work capacity of irradiated animals].

PMID- 4019894
TI  - [Numerical model of lymphocyte population in animals in normal state and in
      lymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 4019895
TI  - [Polymorphism of arylamine acetyltransferase and monooxygenase participating in
      metabolism of aromatic amines].

PMID- 4019896
TI  - [Effect of finely-dispersed iron powder on the development of iron deficiency
      anemia].

PMID- 4019897
TI  - Asymptotic analysis of a viscous cochlear model.
AB  - A model of cochlear macromechanics, involving a viscous cochlear fluid, is
      analyzed asymptotically for slowly varying membranes. The results exhibit the
      effect of viscosity on the amplitude, wavelength, and damping rate, and confirm
      the conclusion that viscosity is not important. However the method can be used on
      other models, such as those of cochlear micromechanics, where viscosity is more
      important.

PMID- 4019898
TI  - Cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus, and medial geniculate responses during the
      behavioral detection of threshold-level auditory stimuli in the rabbit.
AB  - Rabbits were conditioned to respond behaviorally to auditory stimuli by pairing a
      white-noise conditioned stimulus (CS) with a corneal airpuff unconditioned
      stimulus (US). The conditioned response (CR) was movement of the nictitating
      membrane (NM). After the subjects were responding at better than the 90% correct
      level, the intensity of the auditory stimulus was reduced to behavioral threshold
      using a staircase procedure. Simultaneous measurements of neural unit activity
      and behavioral NM responses were then made in rabbits performing at behavioral
      threshold. After the experiment was completed neural unit responses during
      behavioral detection trials were compared to neural responses made during
      nondetection trials. Neural unit responses to a constant intensity, white-noise
      stimulus at behavioral threshold were well defined and essentially identical on
      behavioral detection and nondetection trials in the ventral cochlear nucleus, the
      ventrolateral division of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus, and the
      ventral division of the medial geniculate body. This suggests that an auditory
      stimulus can be neuronally "detected" without being behaviorally detected, and
      that the neural "decision" to respond behaviorally is not made in these nuclei.
      Responses recorded from the dorsomedial division of the central nucleus of the
      inferior colliculus, the pericentral nucleus of the inferior colliculus, and less
      commonly in the medial division of the medial geniculate body were also clearly
      present and nearly identical during the onset of the auditory stimulus, but were
      sometimes consistently different for detection and nondetection conditions during
      the latter part of the auditory stimulus. These brain regions appear to receive
      both auditory and nonauditory inputs, and show responses which are more highly
      correlated with detection behavior.

PMID- 4019899
TI  - A power-law transformation predicting masking by sounds with complex spectra.
AB  - In a previous paper [R. Lutfi, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 262-267 (1983)], the
      following rule was proposed for predicting masking by pairs of simultaneous
      maskers; Xab = [XPa + XPb]1/P, where in units of power, Xa and Xb are the
      individual masking effects of the maskers, Xab is the combined effect, and 0.20
      less than or equal to p less than or equal to 0.33. In this paper, the rule is
      used to predict the results of studies in the literature that have measured
      masking by sounds with various other complex spectra. In most of these studies,
      the individual maskers comprising the complex have nominally nonoverlapping power
      spectra. A single value of p = 0.33 yields predictions in good agreement with the
      data of these studies. For a study in which the component maskers overlap more
      appreciably, a larger value of p = 0.50 produces equally accurate predictions.
      The rule also predicts some general features of the results of studies in which
      the individual effects of the maskers in the complex are not known but can be
      estimated. It is suggested that the general applicability of the rule reflects a
      conjoint analysis by the auditory system of two or more waveform statistics.

PMID- 4019900
TI  - The danger of using narrow-band noise maskers to measure "suppression".
AB  - These experiments investigated whether perceptual cueing plays a role in the
      "unmasking" effects which have been observed in forward masking for narrow-band
      noise maskers and brief signals. The forward masking produced by a 100-Hz-wide
      noise masker at a level of 60 dB SPL was measured for a 1-kHz sinusoidal signal
      with a raised-cosine envelope and a duration of 10 ms at the 6-dB-down points,
      both for the masker alone, and with various components added to the masker (and
      gated synchronously with the masker). Unmasking was found to occur even for
      components which were extremely unlikely to produce a significant suppression of
      the masker: these included a 75-dB SPL 4-kHz sinusoid, a 50-dB SPL 1.4-kHz
      sinusoid, a noise low-pass filtered at 4 kHz with a spectrum level of 0 dB, and a
      noise low-pass filtered at 4 kHz with a spectrum level of 20 dB presented in the
      opposite ear to the masker-plus-signal. It is concluded that perceptual cueing
      can play a significant role in producing unmasking for brief signals following
      narrow-band noise maskers, and that it is unwise to interpret the unmasking
      solely in terms of suppression.

PMID- 4019901
TI  - Acoustical aspects of contrastive stress in question-answer contexts.
AB  - A series of experiments was conducted to examine the influence of contrastive
      stress on intonational patterns of duration and fundamental voice frequency (F0).
      In a preliminary study, intonational patterns in spontaneous speech were compared
      with the patterns in oral reading of the transcribed spontaneous material. In
      both circumstances, a general declination of F0 peaks throughout the course of a
      sentence was not regularly observed, contrary to earlier findings with oral
      reading of isolated sentences. Two experiments were then conducted to examine the
      possibility that the general absence of declination observed here might be due to
      the influence of sentence focus, following previous results from Swedish showing
      that declination was not observed consistently in isolated sentences until after
      the site of focus. In experiment 1, we found no evidence of this restriction on
      declination in the oral reading of English declaratives. Declination was observed
      both before and after the focused item in a sentence. Furthermore, our analyses
      revealed that focus (as manifested by contrastive stress) is generally
      accompanied by an increase in duration on the focused word and by a sharp drop in
      F0 following the focused item. In experiment 2, these effects were replicated and
      extended using longer sentences. In both experiments, the influence of focus was
      strictly localized to the site of focus in the case of duration, but not F0. The
      results for both duration and F0 indicate that the influence of focus assignment
      on these attributes varies systematically as a function of the focus location in
      the sentence. Finally, the combined elongation effects for focus and utterance
      final lengthening were less than would be predicted by an additive model,
      suggesting the operation of an expandability constraint on segmental lengthening
      in speech production.

PMID- 4019902
TI  - Temporal summation by Pacinian corpuscles precludes entrainment at the detection
      threshold.
AB  - For rapidly adapting mechanoreceptor afferents, entrainment is defined as a
      response of one spike per stimulus cycle. For Pacinian corpuscles, the
      entrainment threshold and psychophysical detection threshold are similar. The
      psychophysical threshold, however, exhibits temporal summation, which proves that
      the psychophysical threshold and the physiological entrainment threshold cannot
      be identical.

PMID- 4019903
TI  - Click stimuli do produce masking-level differences, sometimes.

PMID- 4019904
TI  - Acoustics of a standing wave tank for studying the hearing capacity of fish.
AB  - In a standing wave tank responses of fish to sound stimuli used to investigate
      the hearing capacity of fish may perhaps be affected by unintended stimulation of
      the lateral line. Uniform oscillatory water flow patterns do not stimulate the
      lateral line. Departures from uniformity were derived from measurements to
      acoustic pressure and particle velocity at 5-cm spacings around the center in our
      standing wave tank containing six transducers suspended along three axes that are
      perpendicular to one another. These measurements are compared with the results of
      a model in which negligible influence of the tank wall and an incompressible
      water column in the tank are assumed. Deviations of computed values from measured
      values of sound pressure and the principal velocity components are less than 5
      dB. The model underestimates velocity components perpendicular to the principal
      component. However, the model does appear a reliable aid for estimating the
      spatial function of sound pressure and velocity from the values of p and v
      measured at the tank center. Upper limits for the relative velocities between the
      fish body and the water can only approach threshold values for the lateral line
      stimulation under worst conditions (i.e., a velocity node at the tank center) in
      this setup.

PMID- 4019905
TI  - The effect of the player's vocal tract on woodwind instrument tone.
AB  - Many players of woodwind instruments believe that the tone of the instrument is
      influenced by the player's vocal tract. If this is so, it would be expected that
      the vibrating reed in the player's mouth would generate an appreciable sound
      pressure in his vocal tract. However, measurements of the vocal tract impedance
      (looking into the mouth) give values an order of magnitude less than the
      impedances of the clarinet air column resonances. The sound pressure built up in
      the vocal tract would thus be expected to be much smaller than that in the
      clarinet. A clarinetlike system was arranged to sound by drawing air through it
      from the normally open end, the reed being out in the open for easy
      accessibility. When the mouth was placed around the mouthpiece with the system
      sounding, the changes in the waveform and harmonic structure of the tone were
      minimal. When a system with a more sharply tuned resonance was substituted for
      the vocal tract, the waveform changes were observable but not large. It appears
      that the player's vocal tract has a negligible influence on the instrument tone.

PMID- 4019906
TI  - Acoustic characteristics of perceived versus actual vocal age in controlled
      phonation by adult females.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to obtain information on the acoustic
      characteristics of women's voices as a function of perceived versus actual age.
      Tape recordings of whispered and normally phonated /ae/ vowels were obtained from
      75 women in three age groups (25-35, 45-55, and 70-80 years). One-second segments
      of phonemically representative /ae/ vowels were played to 23 listeners for
      relative age judgments. Phonated vowel productions were analyzed in terms of mean
      fundamental frequency, fundamental frequency standard deviation, and jitter
      ratio, as well as F1 and F2 frequencies. Whispered vowels were analyzed only in
      terms of F1 and F2 frequencies. Multiple regression analysis revealed that older
      age judgments based on phonated vowels were significantly associated with higher
      fundamental frequency standard deviation values and lower mean fundamental
      frequency values. Older age judgments based on whispered vowels were
      significantly associated with lower F1 frequencies. Results of this investigation
      suggest that both phonatory and resonance features play a role in defining age
      characteristics of women's voices. Acoustic cues associated with perceived age
      generally agreed with acoustic findings as a function of actual age.

PMID- 4019907
TI  - Constancy of (acoustic) relative timing measures in phrase-level utterances.
AB  - The hypothesis that acoustic measures of relative speech timing remain constant
      across large changes in speaking rate was tested for fluent utterances produced
      by normal and neurogenically disordered speakers. For all speakers, relative
      timing tended to be statistically invariable across conversational and fast
      speaking rates. This finding was considered especially interesting in the case of
      speakers with dysarthria and apraxia of speech, because absolute measures of
      speech timing associated with these disorders are typically aberrant. A post hoc
      analysis of relative variability across speakers showed the ratio measures to be
      consistently less variable than measures of absolute interval duration. The
      greater similarity across speakers of ratio measures, as compared to interval
      measures, was taken to mean that characterizing the temporal structure of
      articulatory sequences in terms of relative timing is an appropriate way to
      capture an important aspect of the biological constraints associated with speech
      production.

PMID- 4019908
TI  - Ultrasonic absorption of bovine serum albumin solutions in the frequency range
      200 kHz-1 MHz.
AB  - The ultrasonic absorption of solutions of two electrolytes, magnesium and
      manganous sulfates, and also of the globular protein bovine serum albumin, has
      been measured using small volume spherical resonators at frequencies in the range
      200 kHz-1.2 MHz. The principles of the technique are discussed and absorption
      values obtained for the electrolyte solutions at 20 degrees C are compared with
      existing values using other methods. For BSA, measurements were made at 8 degrees
      C over a range of pH values. Under both acid and alkaline conditions, excess
      losses at megahertz frequencies were found to persist down to at least 200 kHz. A
      new loss peak at approximately 400 kHz has been found at pH 3.2.

PMID- 4019909
TI  - Differential sensitivity to tonal frequency and to the rate of amplitude
      modulation of broadband noise by normally hearing listeners.
AB  - Differential sensitivities for tones which varied in frequency (containing cues
      for place and periodicity) and for broadband noise which varied in the rate of
      sinusoidal amplitude modulation (presumably containing only a periodicity cue)
      were measured at common frequencies and modulation rates of the stimulus for four
      normally hearing listeners. A forced-choice adaptive psychophysical procedure was
      used in all measurements. Through 60 Hz, tonal-frequency and rate discrimination
      were similar (on average, 2.5-3.0 Hz) across listeners. From 80-400 Hz,
      differential sensitivity for tones was between 1.0 and 2.0 Hz, whereas values for
      rate discrimination increased almost linearly from about 3.6 to 122.0 Hz.
      Apparently, differential sensitivities for both tonal frequency and modulation
      rate are mediated similarly, presumably by the same (periodicity) mechanism,
      through 60 Hz. Above 60 Hz, the listener is more sensitive to differences in
      tonal frequency than modulation rate. Detection thresholds for sinusoidal
      amplitude modulation of noise also were measured for these listeners. An average
      modulation threshold function was obtained and a half-power frequency was
      estimated for the function at 60 Hz; from this value a time constant of 2.65 ms
      may be derived, which is consistent with time constants measured by other
      psychophysical methods. These data further point to some change in perceptual
      quality above about 60 Hz, that frequency above which we found tonal-frequency
      and rate discrimination functions to separate.

PMID- 4019910
TI  - A scale for rate of tactual vibration.
AB  - Observers were asked to make estimates of the rate of mechanical vibrations
      presented to the finger as pulses ranging from 2 to about 300 pps. From the
      functions generated by this study, a set of ten values of mechanical vibration
      rate was selected. In a second experiment additional observers were asked to
      learn to identify these values of rate. Information analysis of the data showed
      that, when rate alone is varied, observers can identify between three and five
      items correctly; when rate and intensity are covaried redundantly, between five
      and eight items can be identified correctly. These results are viewed as
      supporting those from studies of the DL for rate, and as evidence for a limited
      but useful role of rate discrimination in tactile displays of acoustic signals.

PMID- 4019911
TI  - Effect of opening and draining the cochlea.
AB  - The WKB approximation was used in calculations of the pure-tone response of a two
      dimensional inviscid model of the human cochlea and a three-dimensional inviscid
      model of the guinea pig cochlea. The common experimental procedure of opening the
      scala tympani was simulated. Basilar membrane displacement was unaffected at and
      beyond the peak, but was slightly lower pre-peak. The peak location shifted to a
      significant extent apically only when the fluid level in the scala tympani was
      lowered to less than 1/10 of normal depth.

PMID- 4019912
TI  - A survey of indoor air monitoring services: is there a private demand for
      healthful indoor air quality?

PMID- 4019913
TI  - A pilot indoor-outdoor study of organic particulate matter and particulate
      mutagenicity.

PMID- 4019914
TI  - Silent myocardial ischemia: hemodynamic changes during dynamic exercise in
      patients with proven coronary artery disease despite absence of angina pectoris.
AB  - The hemodynamic changes during exercise occurring in 36 patients with proven
      coronary artery disease (10 without and 26 with previous myocardial infarction)
      who tolerated the stress test without angina were analyzed and compared with
      changes observed in a control group of 36 carefully matched patients whose
      exercise was limited by angina. All patients were exercised to the same extent,
      reaching a similar rate-pressure product at the end of the stress test (19,508 +/
      4,828 [SD] versus 19,247 +/- 4,117 beats/min X mm Hg [NS] in the study and
      control groups without prior infarction, and 19,665 +/- 3,950 versus 17,701 +/-
      4,600 beats/min X mm Hg [NS] in the respective groups with infarction). In all
      groups left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased from rest to exercise
      (from 18 +/- 4 to 36 +/- 11 and from 13 +/- 5 to 29 +/- 9 mm Hg, respectively, in
      the study and control groups without prior infarction and from 17 +/- 7 to 32 +/-
      13 and from 19 +/- 7 to 36 +/- 9 mm Hg in the respective groups with prior
      infarction). Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased (from 59 +/- 7 to 50 +/
      15 and from 60 +/- 4 to 52 +/- 9% in the study and control groups without prior
      infarction and from 54 +/- 9 to 47 +/- 10 and 55 +/- 9 to 50 +/- 4% in the
      respective groups with prior infarction). Whereas the changes from rest to
      exercise were highly significant within each group, no significant differences
      were noted between the corresponding groups. Regional de novo hypokinesia
      appeared in all patients without prior infarction and in 25 and 22 patients,
      respectively, of the groups with prior infarction. Thus, under similar physical
      stress conditions, comparable hemodynamic changes indicative of ischemia are
      observed in patients with significant coronary artery lesions with or without
      previous myocardial infarction irrespective of the occurrence of angina.
      Therefore, angina pectoris cannot be considered a prerequisite for
      hemodynamically significant ischemia during exertion.

PMID- 4019915
TI  - Angiographic occurrence and clinical correlates of intraluminal coronary artery
      thrombus: role of unstable angina.
AB  - The importance of intraluminal coronary artery thrombus in acute myocardial
      infarction is now recognized. Coronary thrombi, however, may be important in
      ischemic syndromes other than infarction. The coronary angiograms of 268
      consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic angiography were prospectively
      examined for intracoronary thrombus and form the basis of this study. Of these
      patients, 29 (11%) (25 men and 4 women) met the criteria for coronary artery
      thrombus. Of the 29 patients with thrombus, 24 (83%) had unstable angina before
      angiography. The five remaining patients with thrombus had had a transmural
      myocardial infarction 3 to 18 months before cardiac catheterization. In 21
      patients, the thrombus was distal to a significant stenosis; in 8 it was proximal
      to or at the site of a significant stenosis. Coronary artery thrombus was
      identified in 24 (35%) of 67 patients with unstable angina compared with only 5
      (2.5%) of 201 patients with stable angina (p less than 0.0001).

PMID- 4019916
TI  - Significance of the pericardium in human subjects: effects on left ventricular
      volume, pressure and ejection.
AB  - To assess the effect of the pericardium, left ventricular systolic function and
      diastolic compliance were studied in 15 patients before and after pericardiotomy
      during coronary artery surgery. Using first pass radionuclide angiography, curves
      for left ventricular systolic function (stroke work versus end-diastolic volume)
      and a measure of diastolic compliance (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure versus
      end-diastolic volume) were generated by changing body position to alter venous
      return. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume ranged from 41 to 111 ml/m2 and
      pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 0 to 24 mm Hg. No significant changes
      were found in blood pressure (150/83 to 148/82 mm Hg), heart rate (66.7 to 67.1
      beats/min), cardiac index (2.38 to 2.41 liters/min per m2), ejection fraction
      (0.56 to 0.54), end-systolic volume index (31.4 to 32.2 ml/m2), end-diastolic
      volume index (65.9 to 69.5 ml/m2) or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (7.5 to
      7.3 mm Hg). The pericardium did not affect the curves relating stroke work and
      end-diastolic volume or those relating pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and end
      diastolic volume. Thus, when filling pressure and volume are normal or only
      moderately elevated, the pericardium does not appear to affect left ventricular
      systolic function or diastolic compliance in patients.

PMID- 4019917
TI  - Threshold of pericardial constraint: the pericardial reserve volume and auxiliary
      pericardial functions.

PMID- 4019918
TI  - Determinants of the outcome of electrophysiologic study in patients with
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - To determine those factors predictive of the ability to both initiate and
      suppress ventricular tachyarrhythmias during electrophysiologic study, the
      results of programmed cardiac stimulation were evaluated in 261 patients: 66
      presenting with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, 91 with sustained
      ventricular tachycardia and 104 with ventricular fibrillation. Multivariate
      logistic regression analysis revealed that the presenting arrhythmia was a potent
      and independent predictor of the ability to provoke ventricular arrhythmias at
      electrophysiologic study; a history of myocardial infarction and male sex were
      also significant independent predictors. Of patients presenting with sustained
      ventricular tachycardia, 89% (81 of 91) had inducible ventricular arrhythmias
      compared with 61 (40 of 66) and 66% (69 of 104) of patients with nonsustained
      ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, respectively. Complete
      suppression of inducible arrhythmias could be achieved in only 52% (34 of 66) of
      patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia, compared with 73 (24 of 33) and
      75% (46 of 61) of patients presenting with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia
      and ventricular fibrillation, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the
      major independent determinants of the ability to suppress inducible arrhythmias
      were the number of drug trials performed before electrophysiologic study
      (inversely correlated) and the nature of the induced arrhythmia. The nature of
      the presenting clinical arrhythmia is, therefore, a highly significant and
      independent predictor of the ability to induce ventricular arrhythmias during
      electrophysiologic testing and an important determinant of the ability to
      suppress induced arrhythmias in patients with spontaneous ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 4019919
TI  - Retention and clearance of C-11 palmitic acid in ischemic and reperfused canine
      myocardium.
AB  - Free fatty acids are the major energy source for cardiac muscle. Oxidation of
      fatty acid decreases or even ceases during ischemia. Its recovery after transient
      ischemia remains largely unexplored. Using intracoronary carbon-11 palmitic acid
      as a tracer of myocardial fatty acid metabolism in an open chest dog model,
      retention and clearance of tracer in myocardium were evaluated at control, during
      ischemia and after reperfusion following a 20 minute occlusion of the left
      anterior descending coronary artery. Myocardial C-11 time-activity curves were
      analyzed with biexponential curve-fitting routines yielding fractional
      distribution and clearance half-times of C-11 palmitic acid in myocardial tissue.
      In animals with permanent occlusion and intracoronary injection of C-11 palmitic
      acid distal to the occlusion site, the relative size and half-time of the early
      clearance curve component differed markedly from control values and did not
      change with ongoing ischemia. Conversely, in animals with only 20 minutes of
      coronary occlusion, the relative size of the early C-11 clearance phase was still
      significantly depressed at 20 and 90 minutes of reperfusion but returned to
      control level at 180 minutes. Tissue C-11 clearance half-times remained
      significantly prolonged throughout the reperfusion period. Regional function in
      reperfused myocardium monitored with ultrasonic crystals recovered slowly and was
      still less than control after 3 hours of reperfusion. The data indicate that
      after transient ischemia, myocardial fatty acid metabolism fails to recover
      immediately. Because the metabolic recovery occurs in parallel with recovery of
      regional function, C-11 palmitic acid in conjunction with positron tomography may
      be useful for studying regional fatty acid metabolism noninvasively after an
      ischemic injury, and may be helpful in identifying reversible tissue injury.

PMID- 4019920
TI  - Synchronized diastolic coronary venous retroperfusion: results of a preclinical
      safety and efficacy study.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of a new clinical synchronized diastolic retroperfusion
      mechanical pump and autoinflatable balloon catheter was studied in 10 dogs during
      and after 6 hours of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Eight
      other dogs served as the untreated control group. Infarct size measured by
      triphenyltetrazolium chloride, and expressed as a percent of area at risk, was
      significantly reduced by retroperfusion treatment (19 +/- 18 versus 58 +/- 36, p
      less than 0.01). Morphologic examination of the coronary sinus and cardiac veins
      did not demonstrate evidence of damage from synchronized retroperfusion. There
      was also no evidence of excess myocardial edema in either the jeopardized
      ischemic or normally perfused zones. There was no evidence of significant red
      cell hemolysis or platelet destruction from the treatment. Thus, it appears that
      synchronized diastolic retroperfusion is a safe and effective treatment of acute
      myocardial ischemia in experimental animals and warrants clinical testing.

PMID- 4019921
TI  - Quantitative assessment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with tricuspid
      regurgitation using continuous wave Doppler ultrasound.
AB  - Doppler ultrasound examination was performed in 69 patients with a variety of
      cardiopulmonary disorders who were undergoing bedside right heart
      catheterization. Patients were classified into two groups on the basis of
      hemodynamic findings. Group I consisted of 20 patients whose pulmonary artery
      systolic pressure was less than 35 mm Hg and Group II consisted of 49 patients
      whose pulmonary artery systolic pressure was 35 mm Hg or greater. Tricuspid
      regurgitation was detected by Doppler ultrasound in 2 of 20 Group I patients and
      39 of 49 Group II patients (p less than 0.001). Twenty-six of 27 patients with
      pulmonary artery systolic pressure greater than 50 mm Hg had Doppler evidence of
      tricuspid regurgitation. In patients with tricuspid regurgitation, continuous
      wave Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the velocity of the regurgitant jet,
      and by applying the Bernoulli equation, the peak pressure gradient between the
      right ventricle and right atrium was calculated. There was a close correlation
      between the Doppler gradient and the pulmonary artery systolic pressure measured
      by cardiac catheterization (r = 0.97, standard error of the estimate = 4.9 mm
      Hg). Estimating the right atrial pressure clinically and adding it to the Doppler
      determined right ventricular to right atrial pressure gradient was not necessary
      to achieve accurate results. These findings indicate that tricuspid regurgitation
      can be identified by Doppler ultrasound in a large proportion of patients with
      pulmonary hypertension, especially when the pulmonary artery pressure exceeds 50
      mm Hg. Calculation of the right ventricular to right atrial pressure gradient in
      these patients provides an accurate noninvasive estimate of pulmonary artery
      systolic pressure.

PMID- 4019922
TI  - Increasing importance of Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 4019923
TI  - A possible increase in the incidence of congenital heart defects among the
      offspring of affected parents.
AB  - The incidence of congenital heart disease in the children of 219 probands was
      determined. Each of these probands had one of four selected defects: atrial
      septal defect, coarctation of the aorta, aortic valve stenosis or complex
      dextrocardia. Of their children, 8.8% had substantial congenital cardiac defects.
      This is a much higher incidence than that reported in most comparable studies.
      The difference is highly significant statistically and therefore is likely to be
      genuine. The cause of the high recurrence is probably environmental.

PMID- 4019924
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in double orifice mitral valve.
AB  - Between December 1981 and April 1984, five children ranging in age from 1 month
      to 5 1/2 years examined by two-dimensional echocardiography appeared to have a
      double orifice mitral valve. The diagnosis was verified in one patient at
      surgery, one patient by angiography and one patient by necropsy. Associated
      malformations included mitral stenosis and regurgitation, coarctation of the
      aorta, ostium primum and secundum atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect
      and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Three varieties of double orifice mitral
      valve were observed: an incomplete bridge type (one patient), in which a small
      strand of tissue connected the anterior and posterior leaflets at the leaflet
      edge level; a complete bridge type (three patients), in which a fibrous bridge
      divided the atrioventricular orifice completely into equal or unequal parts and a
      hole type (one patient), in which an additional orifice with subvalvular
      apparatus occurred in the posterior commissure of the mitral valve. These three
      types could be distinguished by sweeping the transducer in cross-sectional view
      from the apex toward the base of the heart. Both orifices could be seen
      throughout the scan in the complete bridge type while in the incomplete bridge
      type the two orifices could be seen only at the level of the papillary muscles.
      In the hole type, the second orifice was seen at about midleaflet level. In all
      three types, the chordae surrounding each orifice attached to only one papillary
      muscle. Congenital mitral stenosis or regurgitation was evident in three
      patients. The type of the double orifice mitral valve did not predict the
      presence or severity of symptoms.

PMID- 4019925
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular size and
      function in newborns with severe right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
AB  - Critical pulmonary stenosis or atresia with intact ventricular septum represents
      a congenital cardiac lesion for which the long-term prognosis appears to depend
      partly on the size of the right ventricle. Thus, the capability of noninvasive
      assessment of right ventricular size to predict operative outcome was examined in
      15 infants (aged 1 to 30 days, mean 5.6) with severe right ventricular outflow
      tract obstruction (either critical pulmonary stenosis [7 patients] or pulmonary
      atresia with intact ventricular septum [8 patients]). Using echocardiography in
      two orthogonal subxiphoid views, right ventricular volume, wall thickness, area
      change fraction, ejection fraction and tricuspid anulus dimension were measured.
      All patients with a normalized right ventricular enddiastolic volume of less than
      5 ml/m2 and a normalized tricuspid anulus dimension of less than 1.0 cm/m2/3
      required a shunt operation. Only one patient with a volume of more than 6 ml/m2
      and a normalized tricuspid anulus dimension of more than 1.4 cm/m2/3 required
      more than relief of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In this patient,
      residual severe pulmonary stenosis necessitated the shunt procedure. One patient
      with a volume of more than 6 ml/m2 had an anulus diameter of less than 1.4
      cm/m2/3 and one patient with an anulus diameter of more than 1.4 cm/m2/3 had a
      volume of less than 6 ml/m2; both required shunt procedures. It therefore appears
      that if either the ventricular volume or tricuspid anulus size is excessively
      small, a shunt procedure is necessary. Wall thickness, area change fraction and
      ejection fraction measurements were not significantly correlated with right
      ventricular volume or postoperative outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019926
TI  - Histologic studies on normal and persistent ductus arteriosus in the dog.
AB  - The process of anatomic closure of the ductus arteriosus was studied at the
      ultrastructural level in 15 normal beagles (age 0 hour to 13 days) and in 18
      specimens from a strain of dogs with hereditary persistent ductus arteriosus (age
      4 hours to 27 days). Normal ductal closure takes place from the pulmonary artery
      to the aortic end. It is accompanied by a series of histologic changes: 1)
      separation of the endothelial cells from the internal elastic lamina resulting in
      a wide region of subendothelial edema; 2) ingrowth and infolding of endothelial
      cells and migration of undifferentiated smooth muscle cells from the inner media
      into the subendothelial region; 3) apposition of endothelial cells bordering the
      lumen; and 4) degenerative changes. In persistent ductus arteriosus, these
      changes do not occur. The endothelial cells remain closely adhered to the
      internal elastic lamina and the underlying media is abnormal in structure. In the
      case of partial persistent ductus arteriosus (ductus diverticulum), both the
      normal and the abnormal type of wall are found in a single ductus arteriosus. The
      histologic features of the normal and the persistent ductus arteriosus in the dog
      resemble those of the normal and the persistent ductus arteriosus in humans,
      suggesting a similar pathogenesis.

PMID- 4019927
TI  - Treatment of atrial automatic tachycardia by ablation procedures.
AB  - Sixteen cases of atrial focus tachycardia are described clinically,
      electrophysiologically and hemodynamically. In each case multiple attempts at
      drug treatment (average 2.5 drugs) had failed. After delineation of the
      electrophysiologic mechanism, the patients were treated by surgical removal or
      cryoablation or catheter electroablation of the focus. In two of four patients
      catheter ablation was successful and without complication. Surgical treatment was
      successful in 13 of 14 patients. Left ventricular function, which had been
      abnormal in 10 patients, normalized in all but 1 patient whose echocardiographic
      shortening fraction improved from 10 to 27%. There have been no recurrences in a
      follow-up period of 6 months to 5 years (mean 2.2 years). It is recommended that
      any atrial automatic focus tachycardia that produces hemodynamic compromise
      undergo definitive treatment. Patients with chronic tachycardia rates of more
      than 140 beats/min should be followed up closely.

PMID- 4019928
TI  - Limitations of failure of procainamide during electrophysiologic testing to
      predict response to other medical therapy.
AB  - To determine whether failure of procainamide to prevent initiation of ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias during electrophysiologic testing predicted failure of other
      antiarrhythmic regimens, 81 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease
      whose ventricular tachyarrhythmias remained inducible during procainamide
      administration were studied. Overall, 26 (12%) of 216 subsequent drug studies
      were successful and at least one effective drug regimen was identified in 22
      (27%) of the 81 patients. Drug success was significantly related to the
      arrhythmia induced at baseline study; 7% of drug studies were successful in
      patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia, 24% in patients with ventricular
      fibrillation, and 29% in patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. An
      effective drug regimen was found in 11 (19%) of 59 patients with sustained
      ventricular tachycardia, 4 (50%) of 8 patients with ventricular fibrillation and
      7 (50%) of 14 patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. In patients
      with sustained ventricular tachycardia, failure of procainamide to suppress the
      arrhythmia correlated with failure of other agents used singly but not in
      combination. This study supports the view that when procainamide fails to prevent
      initiation of the arrhythmia in patients with inducible sustained ventricular
      tachycardia it is unlikely that other individual standard agents will be
      effective. However, combination regimens may suppress the arrhythmia and should
      be evaluated. In patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, all agents
      should be evaluated because failure to respond to procainamide does not predict
      subsequent responses to other agents either alone or in combination.

PMID- 4019929
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic use of adenosine in patients with supraventricular
      tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - Adenosine has been shown to affect both sinus node automaticity and
      atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction. The effects of increasing doses of
      intravenous adenosine were assessed in 46 patients with supraventricular
      tachyarrhythmias. Adenosine reliably terminated episodes of supraventricular
      tachycardia in all 16 patients with AV reciprocating tachycardia, in 13 of 13
      patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and in 1 of 2 patients with
      junctional tachycardia with long RP intervals. Adenosine produced transient high
      grade AV block without any effect on atrial activity in six patients with
      intraatrial reentrant tachycardia, four patients with atrial flutter, three
      patients with atrial fibrillation and in single patients with either sinus node
      reentry or an automatic atrial tachycardia. The dose of adenosine required to
      terminate episodes of supraventricular tachycardia was variable (range 2 to 23
      mg). Side effects were minor and of short duration. These results demonstrate
      that adenosine is useful for the acute therapy of supraventricular tachycardia
      whenever reentry through the AV node is involved. When arrhythmia termination is
      not affected, atrial activity may be more readily analyzed during adenosine
      induced transient AV block.

PMID- 4019930
TI  - Milrinone in congestive heart failure: acute and chronic hemodynamic and clinical
      evaluation.
AB  - Acute and chronic hemodynamic and clinical responses to milrinone, a new oral
      inotrope-vasodilator agent, were evaluated prospectively in 37 patients with
      severe congestive heart failure. The majority of patients (n = 31) had not
      responded to prior vasodilator therapy, with a substantial number (n = 8)
      requiring intravenous inotropic support at the time of initial study. All
      patients showed acute hemodynamic improvement with oral milrinone, and an optimal
      maintenance dose was chosen for each patient during dose-ranging studies (average
      dose 48 mg/day). Milrinone was discontinued before follow-up hemodynamic study in
      12 patients (because of worsening congestive heart failure in 6 patients, sudden
      death in 3 patients, arrhythmia in 1 patient and refusal by 2 patients).
      Hemodynamic effects of milrinone both acutely and after chronic therapy (average
      37 days) were compared in the remaining 25 patients. Acutely, mean cardiac index
      increased from 1.9 +/- 0.5 to 2.5 +/- 0.5 liters/min per m2 (p less than 0.001),
      and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 28 +/- 9 to 18 +/- 8
      mm Hg (p less than 0.001). When oral milrinone was readministered after chronic
      therapy, mean cardiac index increased from 1.9 +/- 0.5 to 2.5 +/- 1.7 liters/min
      per m2 (p less than 0.001), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from
      27 +/- 8 to 20 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) at 1 hour. New York Heart
      Association functional class improved in 18 of the 25 patients treated over a
      long-term period (mean 5.5 +/- 2.3 months).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019931
TI  - Echocardiographic manifestations of tense pericardial effusion.
AB  - Echocardiography has emerged as a sensitive study in the evaluation of
      pericardial effusion. The specificity of echocardiographic signs in cardiac
      tamponade remains undefined, however. Two such signs, early diastolic collapse of
      the right ventricular free wall and late diastolic collapse of the right atrial
      wall, were observed in two patients without clinical evidence of cardiac
      tamponade. Increased intrapericardial pressure was documented in each patient.
      Accumulation of pericardial fluid under high pressure results in a reversal of
      the instantaneous transmural pressure gradients in early and late diastole,
      causing collapse of the right ventricular and the right atrial wall,
      respectively; however, such a tense pericardial effusion may not cause
      hemodynamic embarrassment severe enough to yield clinical signs of cardiac
      tamponade.

PMID- 4019932
TI  - M-mode echocardiography in constrictive pericarditis.
AB  - M-mode echocardiograms from 40 patients with proven constrictive pericarditis and
      40 subjects without evidence of cardiac disease were reviewed for features
      previously described in constrictive pericarditis. In this large series, no
      single feature of the M-mode echocardiogram could be considered diagnostic,
      although a pattern of normal left ventricular size and systolic function, mild
      left atrial dilation, flattened diastolic left ventricular posterior wall motion
      and abnormal septal motion was found in most patients. It is concluded that the M
      mode echocardiogram can provide findings suggestive of constrictive pericarditis
      but must be used in conjunction with hemodynamic and other studies to establish
      the diagnosis.

PMID- 4019933
TI  - Out-of-hospital automatic cardioversion of ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - A 42 year old man who survived sudden cardiac death was treated with an automatic
      implantable cardioverter/defibrillator. After a 5 month symptom-free interval,
      the patient received two internal discharges in the conscious state while wearing
      an ambulatory electrocardiographic recorder. Analysis of the tape revealed that
      both discharges were activated by two bursts of polymorphous ventricular
      tachycardia, the first one occurring at the end and the second at the onset of
      episodes of slow, hemodynamically stable monomorphous ventricular tachycardia.
      This case illustrates the reliability of the automatic implantable
      cardioverter/defibrillator as an antiventricular tachycardia device and the
      problem posed by its exposure to nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 4019934
TI  - Doppler detection of ventricular septal defect.

PMID- 4019935
TI  - Diltiazem and hyperglycemia-coma.

PMID- 4019936
TI  - Nutrition in cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 4019937
TI  - Enhanced incidence of isoproterenol-induced ventricular fibrillation in the
      magnesium-deficient rat.
AB  - The electrocardiogram was recorded and serum and bulk myocardial electrolytes
      were determined in male Sprague Dawley rats, subjected to dietary magnesium
      deficiency for various periods, to assess the time course of development and
      cessation of the enhanced arrhythmogenic action of isoproterenol (150
      micrograms/kg, subcutaneously) and to establish possible relationships between
      electrolyte changes and severe ventricular dysrhythmias. Ventricular fibrillation
      occurred within 60 min following isoproterenol injection in 25, 25, 62.5, 50, and
      62.5% of rats on magnesium deficient diet for 4, 7, 11, 15, and 19 days (N = 8),
      respectively, and resulted in death in most animals (83%). Reintroduction of
      normal chow following a 30-day period on magnesium-deficient diet normalized
      serum magnesium (from 1.42 +/- 0.23 to 1.90 +/- 0.08 mEq/liter, mean +/- SD) but
      did not significantly reduce the incidence of ventricular fibrillation. Magnesium
      deficiency did not produce statistically significant alterations in bulk
      myocardial content of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. However, sodium
      was elevated and potassium diminished in hearts from rats that died in
      ventricular fibrillation, but not in those that had recovered. Magnesium
      deficient rats sacrificed 30 min after isoproterenol injection, that is before
      the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation, exhibited hypomagnesemia and
      hypokalemia as well as elevated sodium and diminished potassium and magnesium in
      the myocardium. In contrast, rats on Purina Chow exhibited hypermagnesemia, but
      also showed hypokalemia and diminished cardiac potassium. The results indicate
      that magnesium deficiency enhances the arrhythmogenic propensity of isoproterenol
      and that the development of ventricular fibrillation is preceded by serum and
      myocardial electrolyte alterations.

PMID- 4019938
TI  - Observations on serum and red blood cell magnesium changes in treadmill exercise
      induced cardiac ischemia.
AB  - To evaluate changes in magnesium levels with treadmill exercise-induced coronary
      insufficiency, 59 consecutive patients were studied. In addition to
      electrocardiographic monitoring, hematocrit, total protein, whole blood, serum
      and red blood cell magnesium determinations were made before and after exercise
      testing. Fifteen patients had positive exercise test, 18 did not complete, and 26
      had negative exercise test. There was no significant difference in the serum and
      red blood cell magnesium on the basis of stress test results for ischemia.
      Although whole blood magnesium, hematocrit, and total proteins increased (P less
      than .05) in both groups, we did not find a significant change in magnesium
      homeostasis.

PMID- 4019939
TI  - Blood and urinary magnesium, zinc, calcium, free fatty acids, and catecholamines
      in type A and type B subjects.
AB  - Twenty type A male students were compared to nineteen type B male students (all
      in apparently good health), before and after exposure to combined stress (noise
      and task). Before stress, red blood cell (RBC) Zn concentration is higher (P less
      than .05) and Zn excretion lower (P less than .05) in type A than in type B
      people. After stress, type A subjects exhibit changes that are larger and more
      significant than those of type B individuals. After stress, the type A group
      shows an important increase of urinary catecholamines (P = 2.10(-5), serum free
      fatty acids, and urinary Zn (P = .001); a slight increase in plasma magnesium (P
      less than .05); and a small but significant decrease in RBC Mg (P less than .02).
      These results suggest that type A subjects are more sensitive to stress than are
      type B people and more readily lose their intracellular Mg, the rise in plasma Mg
      being a transient one, probably consecutive to the cellular loss. The present
      observations are in good agreement with published data: ie, the psychological
      characteristics of type A personalities; their greater susceptibility to ischemic
      heart disease, which has been associated with Mg deficiency; the possible role of
      hypomagnesemia in the pathogenesis of hypertension and coronary vasospasm; and
      the high RBC Zn levels found in hypertensive patients.

PMID- 4019940
TI  - Interrelationship of dietary Mg intake and electrolyte homeostasis in hamsters:
      I. Severe Mg deficiency, electrolyte homeostasis, and myocardial necrosis.
AB  - Epidemiological studies indicate a strong relationship between dietary Mg intake
      and the incidence of sudden cardiac death. The mechanism by which dietary Mg
      leads to an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease is unknown but may
      involve alteration of electrolyte balance. In the present study, tissue
      electrolyte levels and myocardial pathology were investigated in adult hamsters
      fed a diet containing no added Mg. Control animals were fed the same diet
      supplemented with Mg or standard laboratory chow. Hamsters were killed after 4,
      8, 12, or 18 days on the test diet, and levels of Na, K, Ca, and Mg were measured
      in the serum, myocardium, bone, and kidney. The earliest change induced by the
      test diet was a decrease of the serum Mg and an increase in the Na concentration
      of the myocardium and other tissues. Following the rise in myocardial Na, the
      myocardial Ca rose, attaining a fourfold increase by 18 days. K fell in heart and
      kidney, but not significantly. Although there was no significant change in
      myocardial Mg, foci of myocardial necrosis, considered to be typical of acute
      severe Mg deficiency, were found. Myocardial necrosis and the increase in
      myocardial Ca occurred in parallel. Because of the pattern of observed changes in
      electrolyte levels, and the potential role of Ca in myocardial injury, the
      occurrence of myocardial necrosis in these Mg-deficient hamsters is attributable
      to the increased level of myocardial Ca, rather than to any change in
      intracellular Mg levels. It is postulated that reduced extracellular Mg levels
      increase [Na]i through reduction of sarcolemmal (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity. This
      would lead to an increase in [Ca]i through Na-Ca exchange.

PMID- 4019941
TI  - Physiologic changes during a marathon, with special reference to magnesium.
AB  - In a single case study of a moderately trained, healthy man, physiologic changes
      during a marathon are reported. Blood was drawn prior to the race, at 1 hour and
      2 hours into the race, at the end of the race, and after 1 hour of recovery. By 1
      hour into the race, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine had increased
      nearly nine-fold, two-fold and five-fold, respectively. After 1 hour of recovery,
      epinephrine had returned to the pre-race value but norepinephrine and dopamine
      were still elevated. Cortisol increased gradually and was more than doubled by
      the end of the race. It was still elevated after 1 hour of recovery. White blood
      cells gradually increased, reaching their maximum value at the end of the race; a
      four-to-five-fold increase. Thromboxane B2, which had an inverse relationship to
      serum magnesium, was below the pre-race value for the first 2 hours but increased
      nine-fold by the end of the race. Serum magnesium increased from 1.44 meq/l to
      1.68 meq/l at 2 hours into the marathon, dropped to 1.07 meq/l by the end of the
      race, and returned to its pre-race value by 1 hour of recovery. The decrease in
      serum magnesium at the end of the race may be associated with increased plasma
      free fatty acid levels.

PMID- 4019942
TI  - Magnesium and calcium dietary intakes of the U.S. population.
AB  - Dietary intake levels of calcium and magnesium, as well as calcium/magnesium
      ratios, were assessed for 12 age/sex groups of the U.S. population through use of
      USDA's 1977-78 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Results indicated that a
      majority of the U.S. population consumed less than recommended amounts (NRC-RDA)
      of both calcium and magnesium. Approximately 60% of 0 to 5 year olds and 40% of 6
      to 11 year olds had average daily calcium intakes of less than 800 mg, while 60
      and 85% of the male and female adolescents, respectively, had intakes below the
      recommended level of 1,200 mg/day. Approximately 80 to 85% of the adult female
      groups and 50 to 65% of the adult male groups had average intakes below
      recommended levels. With the exception of children ages 0 to 5 years, the average
      daily magnesium intakes of all age/sex classes were below the NRC-RDA. Magnesium
      consumption was particularly low among adolescent females, adult females, and
      elderly men, with 85, 80-85 and 75%, respectively, of the population groups
      having average magnesium intakes below their respective NRC-RDA. Furthermore, the
      majority of the population groups did not consume appropriate proportions of
      these two minerals to obtain optimal calcium/magnesium ratios. While adolescent
      females and adult females had more appropriate ratio values than other segments
      of the population, these ratios principally resulted from their very low intakes
      of calcium. The most inappropriate calcium/magnesium ratios, observed for
      children, male adolescents, and young adult males, were, in general, due to their
      more appropriate calcium intakes and their low magnesium intakes.

PMID- 4019943
TI  - Cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, sodium, and
      potassium intakes of the United States population.
AB  - The USDA's 1977-1978 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey was utilized to assess
      dietary intake levels of cholesterol, fatty acids, sodium, and potassium by
      several age/sex groups of the U.S. population. Results indicated that mean
      cholesterol intakes for all male age groups of 12 yr and older exceeded 300
      mg/day while the mean intakes of females and children were less than 300 mg/day.
      However, approximately 30% of each age group of adult females exceeded 300 mg
      cholesterol per day and only about one-third of the adult males had average
      intakes of less than 300 mg/day. Between 39% and 44% of total kilocalories were
      obtained from fat consumption with saturated fatty acids contributing 13-15%,
      polyunsaturated fatty acids contributing 5-6% and oleic acid contributing 12-14%
      of total kilocaloric intake. We found that 90% of children ages 6-11 yr and adult
      females had saturated fatty acids intakes of less than 40 gm/day; 90% of all men
      had intakes of less than 55 gm/day. At least 90% of all age/sex groups averaged
      intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids of less than 26 gm/day. Average daily
      sodium intakes for each age/sex group (excluding table salt) were within the
      limits considered safe and adequate. However, approximately 4% of each age group
      of adult females and about 25% of each of the three younger adult male groups had
      average sodium intakes of 4000 mg/day or more. Average daily potassium intakes
      were somewhat low, ranging from 1584 mg/day for children ages 0-5 yr to 2735
      mg/day for males ages 51-64 yr.

PMID- 4019945
TI  - Can allergy meet the challenge of change?

PMID- 4019944
TI  - Effects on the serum lipoprotein concentrations by lipid-lowering diets with
      different fatty acid compositions.
AB  - It has been reported that lipid-lowering diets may reduce high density
      lipoprotein as well as low density lipoprotein cholesterol but that the reduction
      of the high density lipoproteins is less pronounced with diets of lower P/S
      ratios. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate whether the
      effects on the low density lipoproteins could be maintained, but those on the
      high density lipoproteins diminished, by reducing the P/S ratio from 1.3 to 0.7.
      Fourteen hyperlipoproteinaemic patients in a metabolic ward were given two fat
      modified diets during two consecutive 3-week periods in a randomized order. The
      diets were identical with regard to nutrient composition but differed with regard
      to the P/S ratios, which were 1.3 and 0.7, respectively. The average serum
      lipoprotein lipid composition and the apolipoprotein concentrations were similar
      at the end of the two periods. However, in the group of patients (n = 7) who
      started on the diet with P/S ratio 1.3 the low density lipoprotein cholesterol
      increased significantly (p less than 0.05) by 7% and the apolipoprotein B
      concentration by 10% (p less than 0.001) when shifting to the diet with P/S ratio
      0.7. No changes of the high density lipoprotein concentrations were seen. The
      relative content of saturated fatty acids, of oleic acid, and of arachidonic acid
      in the plasma lipid esters decreased, but the content of linoleic acid increased,
      when shifting from the diet with a P/S ratio of 0.7 to that of 1.3.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4019946
TI  - Eustachian tube obstruction and allergy: a role in otitis media with effusion?

PMID- 4019947
TI  - National Institutes of Health workshop summary. Summary and recommendations of a
      workshop on the investigative use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar
      lavage in individuals with asthma.
AB  - The participants in the workshop reached unanimous consensus that, as an
      investigative tool, BAL has enormous potential for extending knowledge of the
      immunopathogenesis of asthma. When BAL is used according to these guidelines,
      maximum knowledge may be gained with minimal risks to study subjects. However, we
      wish to emphasize that the extent to which the safety of the procedure applies to
      those subjects with asthma and more symptoms and an FEV1 of less than 60% of
      predicted value remains to be established by carefully controlled clinical
      investigations.

PMID- 4019948
TI  - Induction of eustachian tube dysfunction with histamine nasal provocation.
AB  - This study assessed changes in nasal airway resistance and nasal airway power as
      well as eustachian tube function after histamine nasal provocation in 12 atopic
      subjects and 10 nonatopic subjects. Results demonstrated that subjects could not
      be placed in the atopic or nonatopic group on the basis of prechallenge nasal
      resistance and power measurements. Atopic subjects demonstrated a statistically
      significant difference in nasal airway power after histamine provocation (p less
      than 0.05). Nine of 12 atopic subjects demonstrated tympanometric changes
      indicative of eustachian tube dysfunction, whereas none of 10 nonatopic subjects
      had these changes (p less than 0.001). These results suggest a differential
      sensitivity of nonatopic and atopic individuals to histamine, which may be an
      important pathogenetic mechanism leading to the development of eustachian tube
      dysfunction and possible subsequent development of otitis media with effusion in
      the atopic group.

PMID- 4019949
TI  - Acute effects of aerosolized metaproterenol on breathing pattern of patients with
      symptomatic bronchial asthma.
AB  - We studied the effect of two sequential puffs of metaproterenol (650 micrograms
      each puff) delivered with an auxiliary aerosol delivery system on the breathing
      pattern of patients with symptomatic bronchial asthma who were monitored
      noninvasively with respiratory inductive plethysmography. Particular attention
      was directed to respiratory center drive as reflected by mean inspiratory flow
      and minute ventilation. Both these components were elevated in the eight patients
      whose mean FEV1.0 was 1.43 L (45% predicted normal). Two puffs of metaproterenol
      produced a maximal increase over baseline in FEV1.0 of 50 +/- 25% (SD), whereas
      no change took place in FEV1.0 with placebo administration. This dose of
      metaproterenol did not alter heart rate nor blood pressure throughout the study
      period of 2 hours. Neither mean inspiratory flow, minute ventilation, nor any
      component of the breathing pattern changed with this partial reversal of
      bronchoconstriction. These results suggest that the neural mechanism accounting
      for heightened respiratory center drive in patients with symptomatic bronchial
      asthma does not wholly depend on bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 4019950
TI  - Prolonged bronchial obstruction after a single antigen challenge in ragweed
      asthma.
AB  - Some patients with allergic asthma exhibit late-phase responses to inhalation
      challenge with specific antigen. However, the duration of these responses is
      difficult to determine because of diurnal variations in airway function, a common
      phenomenon in patients with asthma. We therefore examined the pattern and
      duration of pulmonary function in six asymptomatic patients with a history of
      ragweed asthma and a documented late-phase response after specific and
      nonspecific bronchial challenge and compared them to responses after control
      challenge with normal saline. On 3 different days, specific airway conductance
      (SGaw) and gas distribution by the single breath nitrogen test were measured
      before (9:00 A.M.) and hourly for 24 hours after inhalation challenge with either
      normal saline, ragweed extract, or histamine at concentrations sufficient to
      decrease SGaw immediately by 35% or more. The fluctuations in SGaw after saline
      and histamine were considerable but failed to follow a typical diurnal or
      biphasic pattern. There was no difference in mean SGaw between the histamine and
      saline challenges from 1 to 24 hours after inhalation. In contrast, ragweed
      challenge produced a typical late-phase response followed by partial recovery of
      mean SGaw. However, mean SGaw remained subsequently lower than after saline
      challenge throughout the remaining observation period with fluctuations about
      this lower level. Gas distribution demonstrated marked intra- and intersubject
      variations and was therefore not different among the three challenges at any time
      of measurement. These observations suggest that a single specific but not
      nonspecific bronchial challenge causes prolonged airflow obstruction in subjects
      with allergic asthma that lasts 24 hours or longer, independent of variations in
      baseline airway function.

PMID- 4019951
TI  - Allergenicity, immunogenicity, and safety of immunotherapy with various molecular
      weight ranges of polymerized ragweed.
AB  - Since the observation had been made that allergenicity of polymerized ragweed
      (PRW) varies inversely with molecular weight over ranges we had studied
      previously, we conducted this study to determine the utility of immunotherapy
      with PRW molecular weight greater than 20,000,000 alone or as part of a final
      product pool. Twenty-one patients with ragweed pollinosis were randomized into
      three groups on the basis of ragweed skin test titration. Each patient received
      500 micrograms AgE (50,000 PNU) of one of the following molecular-weight ranges:
      PRW A greater than 500,000; PRW B 200,000 to 20,000,000; and PRW C greater than
      20,000,000. There was no difference between PRW A, B, and C by intradermal end
      point titration, by incidence of large local reactions, by amount of erythema or
      induration from injections, or by rise in blocking antibody that was significant
      in each group. There were no systemic reactions nor any changes in clinical
      laboratory parameters. In summary, each of the molecular-weight ranges of PRW
      studied was similarly allergenic, immunogenic, and safe to administer, and thus
      PRW greater than 20,000,000 can be used for immunotherapy as a part of the final
      product pool. This has the advantages of increasing yields and of simplifying the
      fractionation by eliminating one chromatographic process.

PMID- 4019952
TI  - Effect of anaphylaxis on conjunctival goblet cells.
AB  - Rats undergoing ocular anaphylaxis induced by systemic or local injection of
      antigen, topical application of antigen, or topical application of compound 48/80
      were evaluated conjunctival goblet cell changes that might be related to
      anaphylaxis. The number of goblet cells in 1 micron, alkaline Giemsa-stained
      sections averaged 500/mm2 of epithelium in normal rats; this number was not
      significantly changed in any of the experimental groups. Goblet cells in control
      rats occasionally demonstrated evacuation of their contents (less than 1%) or
      upward displacement of the intracellular bolus of mucus (about 1%); these
      percentages were not increased in anaphylaxis. Topical application of 2.0
      micrograms of histamine induced an intracellular displacement of mucus in both
      control animals and animals undergoing anaphylaxis. These findings suggest that
      in ocular anaphylaxis the amount of histamine released may be insufficient to
      produce such intracellular changes. Our results indicate that in ocular
      anaphylaxis in the rat, there is no light microscopic evidence of increased mucus
      discharge from conjunctival goblet cells. Increased mucus in secretions of
      patients with ocular allergic syndromes may not be attributable to anaphylactic
      mechanisms alone.

PMID- 4019953
TI  - The immediate and short-term effects of corticosteroids on cholinergic
      hyperreactivity and pulmonary function in subjects with well-controlled asthma.
AB  - We investigated the immediate effect of corticosteroids on pulmonary function
      (FEV1 and forced expiratory flow measured between 25% and 75% of vital capacity)
      and methacholine airway reactivity during a period of 8 hours after an
      intravenous bolus of 6-methyl-prednisolone (1 mg/kg) or saline placebo
      administered in a double-blind, crossover schedule in 12 patients with well
      controlled asthma. The short-term effect of corticosteroids was also studied with
      bronchial reactivity to methacholine and pulmonary function measured before and
      at the end of 8 days of 6-methyl-prednisolone therapy (32 mg once a day, orally)
      in a group of six treated subjects as well as in a control group. There were no
      immediate or short-term effects from 6-methyl-prednisolone on bronchial response
      to inhaled methacholine. After 8 days of corticosteroid administration, forced
      expiratory flow measured between 25% and 75% of vital capacity significantly
      increased in the treated group (p less than 0.025). We concluded that "primary
      hyperreactivity" appears to be insensitive to an intravenous bolus or 8 days of
      treatment with oral corticosteroids and that the improvement in respiratory
      function is slight and slowly evolving in subjects with well-controlled asthma.

PMID- 4019955
TI  - Asthma '84: pharmacologic update. October 31 to November 3, 1984, Rancho Mirage,
      California.

PMID- 4019954
TI  - Steroid myopathy: incidence and detection in a population with asthma.
AB  - Sixty steroid-treated patients with asthma were evaluated for the presence of
      muscle weakness by use of both manual muscle testing and the Cybex II isokinetic
      dynamometer. The patients were compared to age and sex-matched sedentary control
      subjects. Forty-eight percent of the patients (12/25) taking greater than or
      equal to 40 mg per day of prednisone had hip flexor strength greater than or
      equal to 2 SD below the mean of age and sex-matched control subjects by Cybex
      testing (CT). Sixty-four percent of the patients (16/25) taking greater than or
      equal to 40 mg per day of prednisone were found on manual muscle testing to have
      hip flexor weakness. Only one patient taking less than 30 mg per day of
      prednisone was found to have muscle weakness. Biochemical parameters, including
      CPK, aldolase, SGOT, LDH, and LDH isoenzymes were measured to assess the degree
      of steroid-induced muscle damage. They neither correlated with the degree of hip
      flexor weakness as measured by CT, nor did they discriminate between patients
      receiving small doses and large doses of steroids. Changes in urinary excretion
      of creatine did not help to confirm the diagnosis of steroid myopathy. Although
      CT provides an objective means of assessing muscle strength in these patients, at
      this time no definitive chemical test is available for the diagnosis of steroid
      myopathy.

PMID- 4019956
TI  - Theophylline product and dosing interval selection for chronic asthma.
AB  - Unless they are taken at unacceptably frequent intervals, conventional rapid
      release theophylline tablets and liquids produce excessive serum concentration
      fluctuations, particularly in patients with rapid elimination. Slow-release
      formulations provide more stable serum concentrations with longer dosing
      intervals if absorbed completely, consistently, and at a sufficiently slow rate
      and thus have the potential to improve efficacy and compliance. However, there
      are clinically important differences in the extent and rate of absorption among
      the 15 slow-release formulations available under 29 brand names in the United
      States. Fluctuations in steady-state serum concentrations are a function of the
      absorption rate of the product, the elimination rate of the patient, and the
      dosing interval. In patients with slow elimination, clinically relevant
      differences among formulations are not apparent with twice-daily dosing. Among
      patients with more rapid elimination, however, available data for only two
      products demonstrate sufficiently slow absorption to justify routine twice-daily
      use without excessive fluctuations. More rapidly absorbed formulations must be
      administered at 8-hour intervals in such patients to prevent breakthrough in
      asthmatic symptoms before the next dose, despite promotional claims to the
      contrary. Current products approved for "once-a-day" dosing are clinically
      inadequate because of incomplete or erratic absorption or excessive serum
      concentration fluctuations. Lastly, food intake induces dose dumping of
      potentially toxic amounts of theophylline from Theo-24 and greatly impairs
      absorption from Theo-Dur Sprinkle capsules but has no important effect on Theo
      Dur tablets. The effects of food on most other theophylline products are not
      known.

PMID- 4019957
TI  - Clinical pharmacodynamics of theophylline.
AB  - The clinical pharmacodynamics of theophylline, which concerns the correlation
      between the serum theophylline concentration ([TH]) attained during therapy for
      asthma and improved pulmonary function or unwanted side effects, serves to link
      the pharmacokinetics of theophylline with the time course of clinical outcome.
      Although the minimum effective and maximum safe [TH]s have been known for some
      years, it was only recently shown that maximal improvement in pulmonary function
      lags behind rapidly changing [TH]s and that improved pulmonary function relates
      to increasing [TH]s within the therapeutic range. While much is known about the
      determinants of theophylline disposition in patients with asthma, enabling
      individualized pharmacokinetically based therapy, it is difficult to predict the
      clinical pharmacodynamic outcome. Investigation of the effects of age,
      cardiopulmonary disease, concurrent drugs, diet, circadian rhythms, and other
      patient features on theophylline clinical pharmacodynamics may provide a basis
      for prediction of individual patient responsiveness to theophylline and lead to
      further optimization of theophylline therapy in asthma.

PMID- 4019958
TI  - Theophylline toxicity.
AB  - The adverse effects of theophylline were recognized soon after its introduction
      into clinical medicine. Reports of major toxic reactions to theophylline,
      particularly in children, discouraged its use and led to homeopathic dosing
      recommendations that had little therapeutic effect. Concomitant with the
      renaissance in theophylline use during the past decade, reports of theophylline
      toxicity have increased. The epidemiology of theophylline intoxication has
      changed in recent years, and today most instances of serious toxicity are due to
      intentional overdosage, as in a suicide attempt. The adverse effects of
      theophylline involve the gastrointestinal, nervous, cardiovascular, and urinary
      systems. In addition, significant metabolic derangements are noted in patients
      with severe intoxication. Treatment of theophylline intoxication involves
      attention to fluid and electrolyte balance and initiation of measures to remove
      theophylline from the body (gastric lavage or emesis, repeated charcoal
      administration by mouth, and charcoal hemoperfusion in serious cases).

PMID- 4019959
TI  - Overview of corticosteroid therapy.
AB  - Corticosteroids have been recognized as useful in the management of asthma for
      the past 35 years. Controversy remains as to their precise indications, dosage,
      and optimal methods of administration. Only recently has objective evidence been
      presented confirming their usefulness in acute severe attacks and status
      asthmaticus. In the treatment of the latter, high doses of methylprednisolone
      (125 mg every 6 hours) has been shown to be more effective than lower doses. The
      corticosteroids are also useful diagnostically to determine reversibility of
      airway obstruction in the bronchitis-emphysema syndrome. To prevent adrenal
      insufficiency, they are mandatory for patients previously receiving long-term
      systemic corticosteroid therapy who are undergoing stress (e.g., surgery).
      Indications for chronic severe asthma are the least well established. Patients
      with severe incapacitating asthma uncontrolled by bronchodilators or cromolyn
      should be considered candidates for corticosteroid therapy. When long-term
      therapy is necessary, aerosolized corticosteroids or alternate-day therapy are
      preferable to daily dosing. Regardless of the route used, it is advisable to
      limit the use of these agents to patients who clearly require them and to take
      all precautions to minimize side effects. Neither method, especially when higher
      doses are used, obviates possible development of serious complications.

PMID- 4019960
TI  - Inhaled corticosteroid therapy: a substitute for theophylline as well as
      prednisolone?
AB  - Topical corticosteroid treatment can be successfully achieved by inhaled therapy
      and can effectively provide a safe substitute for oral steroids. More than 8
      million patient years of experience gained over a decade of use of inhaled
      steroids has shown them to be acceptable to patients and clinicians, with side
      effects confined to the upper airway. At daily doses of 200 to 1600 micrograms
      BDP or the equivalent, minor systemic activity may occasionally be demonstrated
      but no adverse systemic side effects have been reported. The topical anti
      inflammatory treatment provided by inhaled steroids thus compares favorably with
      prednisolone and with other asthma therapy with respect to morbidity and
      mortality, suggesting that inhaled steroids combined with an inhaled beta-agonist
      is a safe and comprehensive treatment for chronic asthma. This parallel attack on
      inflammation and bronchoconstriction can be achieved with a morbidity that is
      much less than that of asthma and also likely to be less than that of the
      frequently used combination of theophylline and inhaled beta-agonist. Twice-daily
      regimens of inhaled steroids over a dose range of 200 to 1600 micrograms BDP or
      the equivalent should enable most patients with chronic asthma to receive
      effective therapy without recourse to potentially more toxic oral bronchodilator
      or steroid therapy.

PMID- 4019961
TI  - Immunologic and therapeutic aspects of ketotifen.
AB  - Ketotifen, a benzocycloheptathiophene, possesses asthma-prophylactic and
      antiallergic activities in a number of in vitro and in vivo systems: prevention
      of cutaneous and lung anaphylaxis in the rat and guinea pig; inhibition of dermal
      and bronchial antigen challenges in man; inhibition of mediator release from rat
      mast cells, human basophils, human neutrophils, and human and guinea pig chopped
      lung; reduction of human neutrophil activation induced by PAF-acether; functional
      antagonism of mediator effects in the guinea pig; blockade of H1-receptors and
      prevention and reversal of beta-adrenergic tachyphylaxis in the rat. These
      properties make ketotifen suitable for the long-term prophylaxis of bronchial
      asthma and for the prevention and treatment of other allergic disorders, such as
      allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, food allergy, and urticaria. Oral ketotifen
      (1 mg twice daily) is particularly convenient in the management of the multiple
      allergies often encountered in patients with atopy.

PMID- 4019962
TI  - Immunotherapy: parameters of assessment.
AB  - Allergen immunotherapy has proved safe and effective for selected aeroallergens
      that can be studied under controlled conditions. Various mechanisms of action
      have been proposed with limited evidence for their role in the protection
      resulting from immunotherapy. The exception is blocking antibody, which was
      discovered 50 years ago. In eight successive studies sponsored or carried out by
      one institution in which clinical efficacy was demonstrated, the serum level of
      IgE antibody was unchanged or slightly increased. All eight studies showed a
      significant rise in the serum level of IgG antibody, and this response is the
      logical immunologic explanation for clinical efficacy. For aeroallergens that
      cannot be avoided or subjected to clinical efficacy studies, demonstrations of
      safety and of significant IgG antibody response constitute the appropriate method
      of assessment.

PMID- 4019963
TI  - Child survivors of the holocaust: 40 years later. Introduction.

PMID- 4019964
TI  - Legal aspects of child persecution during the holocaust.

PMID- 4019965
TI  - Role of memories in lives of World War II orphans.

PMID- 4019966
TI  - Therapeutic value of documenting child survivors.

PMID- 4019967
TI  - Longitudinal follow-up of child survivors of the holocaust.

PMID- 4019968
TI  - Child survivors of the holocaust--40 years later: reflections and commentary.

PMID- 4019969
TI  - The development and validation of the children's self-report psychiatric rating
      scale.

PMID- 4019970
TI  - Construct validity of clinical diagnosis in pediatric psychiatry: relationship
      among measures.

PMID- 4019971
TI  - Informant variance: the issue of parent-child disagreement.

PMID- 4019972
TI  - Children's attachment to soft objects at bedtime, child rearing, and child
      development.

PMID- 4019973
TI  - The relationship of weight gain and caloric intake in infants with organic and
      nonorganic failure to thrive syndrome.

PMID- 4019974
TI  - Indochinese immigrant children: problems in psychiatric diagnosis.

PMID- 4019975
TI  - The stability of cognitive and linguistic parameters in autism: a five-year
      prospective study.

PMID- 4019976
TI  - Autistic children as adults: psychiatric, social, and behavioral outcomes.

PMID- 4019977
TI  - Suicidal behavior by hospitalized preadolescent children on a psychiatric unit.

PMID- 4019978
TI  - Neurological dysfunction in serious delinquents.

PMID- 4019979
TI  - Combined use of tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics in the management of
      terminally ill children: a report on three cases.

PMID- 4019980
TI  - Major depressive disorder in a preschooler.

PMID- 4019981
TI  - Multiple personality in a 10-year-old girl.

PMID- 4019982
TI  - Use of the infant temperament questionnaire.

PMID- 4019983
TI  - Current and future foodservice applications of microwave cooking/reheating.
AB  - Microwave ovens are widely used in foodservice establishments; currently, they
      are used primarily for reheating. In comparison with conventional methods,
      approximately 75% less energy is required for microwave cooking or heating. In
      the future, it is possible that minimal microwave energy will be used to extend
      shelf life of foods. It is expected that "combination" convention or
      convection/microwave systems and conveyor microwave systems that can be
      electronically programmed will be widely used in the future. New food product
      designs and types of disposable packaging are available.

PMID- 4019984
TI  - A comparison of career-entry administrative competencies with skills required in
      practice: implications for continuing education.
AB  - Dietitians, advancing in practice, are often required to fill expanding
      administrative roles without the benefit of additional formal preparation. A
      study was conducted to compare career-entry administrative competence with
      competence needed for current practice. The survey instrument contained 59
      generic administrative competency statements categorized under the headings of
      organization and administration; leadership and supervision; personnel
      management; space, equipment, and materials management; communications; financial
      management; and quality assurance of services. The questionnaire was sent to the
      138 administrative dietitians practicing in Nebraska. Completed questionnaires
      were returned from 50 dietitians, a 35% response rate. Results of a Student t
      test analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between the two
      competency levels for each major category of administrative skills. The data
      support the need for multiple continuing education opportunities for dietitians
      to develop skills needed for their expanding managerial responsibilities.

PMID- 4019986
TI  - Development of an assessment form: attitude toward weight gain during pregnancy.
AB  - A Likert-format questionnaire with 18 statements expressing attitudes of pregnant
      women toward their own pregnancy weight gain was developed and tested.
      Attitudinal data and actual weight gain were obtained from 29 women to determine
      whether attitudes toward slimness affect weight gain during pregnancy. Forty-one
      percent of the respondents had a negative attitude toward pregnancy weight gain.
      Attitude scores related significantly with actual weight gains (p less than .025)
      but not with age and number of previous pregnancies. Knowledge of appropriate
      weight gain and recommendation of the doctor also exerted significant influences
      on weight gains (p less than .05). This study suggests that attitudes favoring
      slimness may relate to lower maternal weight gains during pregnancy.

PMID- 4019985
TI  - Food consumption and quality of diets of Kansas elementary students.
AB  - Better knowledge of the eating patterns of children would allow nutritionists to
      target nutrition information more effectively. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls
      were collected from 1,242 elementary students to investigate their eating
      patterns. Foods consumed were classified into categories on the basis of similar
      composition. Dietary quality was assessed by calculating mean adequacy ratios.
      Grain products, high-protein foods, vegetables, and milk products were included
      in the diets of almost all students. Sugary products were consumed by almost 90%,
      20% drank non-sugary beverages, and fats and oils were included by 80%. Also, 80%
      consumed fruits and juices. Consumption of milk and milk products was the most
      important estimator of dietary quality, followed by vegetables, mixed protein
      dishes, nutrient supplements, fruits, high-protein foods and grain products. When
      nutrient supplements were excluded, fruit and grain products became more
      important predictors. Non-sugary beverages adversely affected the quality of
      children's intakes. Students with dietary quality indexes between 90 and 100
      consumed milk and vegetables more frequently than those with indexes of less than
      66, who drank non-sugary beverages more often. Dietary quality varied in direct
      proportion to level of energy intake, suggesting that nutrition education should
      emphasize intake of nutrient-dense foods.

PMID- 4019987
TI  - Salicylates in foods.
AB  - To determine salicylate content, 333 food items were analyzed. Foods were
      homogenized with 25% sodium hydroxide, allowed to stand overnight, acidified with
      concentrated hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with warm diethylether over 5
      hours. The extract was dried and taken up in dilute sodium bicarbonate solution
      for analysis. Salicylic acid was separated by high performance liquid
      chromatography and quantified by reading at 235 nm. Salicylic acid standards were
      used throughout to standardize extractions and analyses. This is the most
      comprehensive set of data on food salicylates yet published; extraction appears
      to have been more complete for some foods, giving higher values than those
      previously published. Most fruits, especially berry fruits and dried fruits,
      contain salicylate. Vegetables show a wide range from 0 to 6 mg salicylate per
      100 gm food (for gherkins). Some herbs and spices were found to contain very high
      amounts per 100 gm, e.g., curry powder, paprika, thyme, garam masala, and
      rosemary. Among beverages, tea provides substantial amounts of salicylate.
      Licorice and peppermint candies and some honeys contain salicylates. Cereals,
      meat, fish, and dairy products contain none or negligible amounts.

PMID- 4019988
TI  - Typology of food preferences identified by Nutri-Food Sort.
AB  - A Q-sort instrument to measure and identify a typology of food preferences was
      developed and tested. Sixty-eight pictures of food items were used for the Q-sort
      called the Nutri-Food Sort. Foods chosen were divided evenly among the following
      categories: low nutrient/high calorie, low nutrient/low calorie, high
      nutrient/high calorie, and high nutrient/low calorie. Ninety-seven women sorted
      the pictures on the basis of preference on a 7-point scale from "like a lot" to
      "dislike a lot." The results were factor analyzed (Q-type), producing four
      distinct respondent groups or types. The types were labeled: "finicky eaters,"
      "health-conscious dieters," "diverse diners," and "high-calorie traditionalists."
      The "finicky eaters" favored only 8 foods and disliked 40. "Health-conscious
      dieters" preferred low-calorie foods. The "diverse diners" preferred a wide
      variety of foods and were more adventuresome in their choices. The "high-calorie
      traditionalists" preferred high-calorie foods and "all-American" favorites. The
      four food preference categories originally predicted were partially accurate
      descriptions of the resulting four food preference factor groups. Overall, the
      Nutri-Food Sort appears to be a versatile instrument that has wide applicability
      in research on food behaviors, attitudes, and preferences.

PMID- 4019990
TI  - Nutrition services at a university student health center.

PMID- 4019989
TI  - Strategies for increasing productivity.
AB  - In today's arena of competition, cost-containment, quality assurance, and high
      technology, the dietitian is challenged to develop and implement strategies that
      will assure an increase in productivity. Within a government system, such
      strategies must address the political climate as well as administrative and
      management issues. Prior to modifying any system or part of a system, it is
      critical to develop evaluation criteria. Each of the eight strategies discussed
      in this article is effective in promoting an increase in productivity.

PMID- 4019991
TI  - Fluid retention and weight reduction in perimenopausal women.

PMID- 4019992
TI  - Medical nutrition education: an assessment of nutrition education in a family
      practice residency program.

PMID- 4019994
TI  - Tuberculosis in the elderly. The Grey Plague.

PMID- 4019993
TI  - Use of traditional Indian foods by Cherokee youths in Cherokee, North Carolina.

PMID- 4019995
TI  - Acute hospitalization in a home for the aged.
AB  - All acute hospitalizations from a 229-bed home for the aged for a four-year
      period were analyzed. Of 373 residents eligible for the study, 239 individuals
      were hospitalized a total of 503 times. Five patients were admitted seven times.
      Median length of stay was 9.4 days. Of 235 primary diagnoses, only nine occurred
      at least 1% of the time. Sixty-six different complications, representing 131
      occurrences, were noted during hospitalization. Hospital mortality was 11.7%. Of
      first admissions 9.2% died and 19% of survivors required a higher level of care.
      One year later 40% had died and 17% were at a higher level of care. Logistic
      regression identified four variables significantly associated with death within
      six months of first hospitalization: age, hospital complication, surgical
      procedure, and diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Compared with
      nonhospitalized residents, hospitalized residents were more likely to be male,
      but no age effect was noted. Survival differences did not emerge until the third
      year of the study.

PMID- 4019996
TI  - Comparison of hospitalization between nursing home and community residents.
AB  - The authors prospectively identified 96 consecutive nursing home residents (NHR)
      admitted to the medical wards of their affiliated hospitals to determine the
      outcome of hospitalization for these patients in comparison with 88 admissions in
      a similarly aged community residents (CR) population. Nursing home and community
      resident groups were similar in age, sex, marital status, and distribution among
      the four study hospitals. Dementia was a more common preexisting diagnosis in NHR
      than in CR. Reasons for admission differed between the two groups. Although NHR
      experienced a longer hospitalization than CR, frequency and duration of intensive
      care unit admissions were similar. Fatal outcome occurred more commonly in NHR
      compared with CR (27 v 11%, P less than .001). Predictors of mortality were
      examined. Nursing home residents also experienced a higher mortality than CR
      within the six months after hospitalization (35 v 20%, P less than .005).

PMID- 4019997
TI  - Prevalence and significance of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in elderly
      patients with dementia and depression.
AB  - The prevalence and significance of clinical heart disease and hypertension were
      compared in three groups of elderly patients. One group was diagnosed as dementia
      of an Alzheimer's type (AD), another as multiinfarct dementia (MID), and the
      third as major depression. Clinical heart disease and hypertension were uncommon
      in the AD group with the prevalence being lower than that reported in most
      epidemiologic studies. Four percent of the AD patients had a history of
      myocardial infarction, 5% angina, 1% arrhythmias, and 3% heart failure.
      Electrocardiographic changes of an old myocardial infarction were present in 9%,
      atrial fibrillation in 1%, and left ventricular hypertrophy in 3%. A history of
      hypertension was present in 24% of the AD patients. In comparison, a history of
      myocardial infarction, angina, and heart failure was five times greater, and
      electrocardiographic abnormalities were twice as prevalent in the MID group. A
      history of hypertension was three times more common and actual blood pressure
      readings were higher. In the depression group heart disease was not uncommon and
      the prevalence, in general, was comparable with the MID group. However, a history
      of increased blood pressure and actual increased blood pressure readings were
      statistically less than in the MID group.

PMID- 4019998
TI  - Thyroid disease in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type.
AB  - The authors compared the frequencies of prior thyroid disease, thyroid medication
      use, and abnormal serum thyroxine levels in 61 patients with dementia of the
      Alzheimer type (DAT) with those of 38 control subjects. They found that the 33
      women with DAT had a 24.2% frequency of prior thyroid disease, comparable with
      that found in a previous epidemiologic study. The 19 female controls, however,
      had a similar frequency, failing to support a previously reported association
      between DAT and thyroid disease.

PMID- 4019999
TI  - Incidence and correlates of incontinence in stroke patients.
AB  - The incidence of incontinence in a series of 135 consecutive stroke patients was
      51% (urine) and 23% (feces) within one year. In 75% the urinary incontinence
      started within the first two weeks, and in 41% it had cleared during that time.
      Incontinence at onset is associated with measures of severity of stroke (and of
      immobility for fecal incontinence). Among 92 survivors at one year, 15% were
      incontinent of urine, a proportion that rose in two- and three-year survivors to
      23 to 24%, but by four years was again 14%, a level similar to that of the
      general elderly population. It is concluded that incontinence is more commonly a
      by-product of immobility and dependency than of involvement of the neurologic
      pathways, and most of it is transient.

PMID- 4020000
TI  - Hallucinations of widowhood.
AB  - Widowed residents of two nursing homes who were oriented to person, time, and
      place were interviewed to determine the extent to which they had hallucinatory
      experiences of their deceased spouse. Fifty-two interviews were completed with 46
      widows and six widowers. Results are reported for the widows. Twenty-eight (61%)
      of the widows reported hallucinatory experiences of their deceased spouse. Twenty
      four (86%) of the widows described the experiences as good or helpful. Thirteen
      (46%) reported that the experiences continue to happen. Nineteen (54%) of the
      widows had never discussed the experiences with anyone before this study. These
      results are surprisingly similar to previously published findings by Rees in
      Wales and suggest that these experiences are more common in the United States
      than has been recognized.

PMID- 4020002
TI  - Need for medical workup in psychiatric assessment.

PMID- 4020001
TI  - Tuberculosis in a geriatric unit.
AB  - All cases of tuberculosis admitted to a geriatric unit over five years were
      reviewed. The problems involved in diagnosing and managing the disease in the
      elderly are discussed, emphasizing the importance of diagnosing a treatable
      disease that may otherwise be fatal.

PMID- 4020003
TI  - Assessing depression in evaluating memory impairment.

PMID- 4020004
TI  - Challenge on visual stress.

PMID- 4020005
TI  - Is your office computerized?

PMID- 4020006
TI  - The IVEX refraction system: a clinical comparison.
AB  - A new refraction system employing traditional modes of testing combined with
      microprocessor-based electronics and new optical technology was evaluated in a
      controlled study to determine if the instrument produced subjective refractions
      corresponding to the traditional refractor. Subjects ranged in age from 14 to 25
      years and the study excluded any individual exhibiting ocular or systemic
      diseases and binocular problems. In addition, tests were made to determine if
      "instrument myopia" was present. The results showed that data from the IVEX
      Refraction System correlated highly with data from the standard refractor, but a
      small amount (0.25 D to 0.37 D) of instrument myopia was present in most
      instances.

PMID- 4020007
TI  - Minimizing risk of adverse reactions to mydriatic agents in binocular indirect
      ophthalmoscopy.
AB  - To minimize the risk of adverse side effects from mydriatics during binocular
      indirect ophthalmoscopy, a procedure was developed which intentionally starts
      with a dose significantly less than an ED99. Using a clinically effective
      diameter of greater than 7 mm as a criterion, I found that 1 drop of 0.5%
      tropicamide (T) constituted an ED74 (N = 46). When 1 drop of 2.5% phenylephrine
      (P) was added, this increased to an ED93 (N = 27). If present results can be
      generalized, then 1 drop of T, supplemented at 30 minutes with 1 drop of P, if
      necessary, should produce satisfactory dilatation in approximately 90% of the
      subjects.

PMID- 4020008
TI  - Visual skills and intellectual development: a relationship in young children.
AB  - The development of convergence, ocular motilities; stereopsis and form perception
      for infants and young children was evaluated in a previous paper. This study
      examines the relationship between these visual skills and intellectual
      development. Young children (n = 130) were assessed longitudinally every six
      months from the ages of 12- to 42-months. The results showed positive and
      significant correlations between visual skills and intellectual development
      during infancy and the preschool years. Stereopsis and form perception correlated
      most highly and consistently with intellectual development.

PMID- 4020009
TI  - The prevalence of corneal arcus senilis in known insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients.
AB  - Corneal arcus senilis has long implied cardiovascular disease because of its
      association with altered lipid levels. This study demonstrates that arcus senilis
      does not have a higher prevalence rate in diabetics than non-diabetics in spite
      of the increased cardiovascular risk in insulin-dependent diabetics.

PMID- 4020010
TI  - General binocular dysfunctions in an urban optometry clinic.
AB  - The prevalence of general binocular dysfunction with asthenopia was determined
      for non-presbyopes at an urban optometry clinic serving municipal workers and
      their dependents. Of the sample of 119 patients, 42.9% had jobs with heavy desk
      work demands (primarily secretarial and clerical) and 39.5% were students. The
      prevalence of symptomatic general binocular dysfunction was 21.0%. Accommodative
      dysfunctions were the most commonly encountered condition at 16.8%. Symptomatic
      near esophoria was found in 5.9% of patients and convergence insufficiency in
      4.2%. Both vergence dysfunctions overlapped with accommodative dysfunctions.

PMID- 4020011
TI  - A case in point extended.
AB  - No visual examination can be considered complete without visual field
      investigation. Garmizo suggests at least a hand confrontation, and Goodlaw urges
      a refinement of this procedure using a wand with a 3" by 3" background to a 3mm
      target. There is also a question of body clues to hand location when the hand is
      the target. This suggested procedure circumvents this by using a 6" to 8" long
      handle on the target.

PMID- 4020012
TI  - Pros and cons of a Fresnel lens low vision aid.

PMID- 4020014
TI  - Computer systems should do more than blink at you.

PMID- 4020013
TI  - Office design uses Arizona sun.

PMID- 4020015
TI  - Psychoanalysis of the older patient.
AB  - A small informal poll of local colleagues revealed that despite their interest in
      the subject, many had doubts about the possibility of analyzing persons aged
      sixty or over successfully. Their specific questions are collated and are offered
      as a sample of the questions in the minds of many analysts everywhere. Selected
      material from the ongoing analysis of a sixty-four-year-old patient is presented
      that bears on some of the questions raised. In addition, changes in the patient
      are noted. These are discussed in terms of changes in function, which are equated
      with structural change. The major thrust of the paper is that development
      continues throughout the life course, and that the criteria for analyzability
      remain constant. The chronological age of the adult by itself is not an indicator
      of eligibility or of suitability for psychoanalysis.

PMID- 4020016
TI  - Psychoanalysis as science: the inductivist's resistance revisited.
AB  - The scientific status of psychoanalysis has been the focus of heated debates
      among philosophers of science and among psychoanalysts. The most recent challenge
      to psychoanalysis as a science comes from the quarters of the inductivist
      philosophy of science. Since inductivism is a self-defeating philosophy, it is
      not surprising that inductivists demand that psychoanalysts pay an unlimited
      price for their claim of scientific status for psychoanalysis. Most
      psychoanalysts, in their response to this impossible challenge, unwittingly claim
      to have paid the price. What is worse, the claim is made in a confused and
      emotionally charged manner. Hence, psychoanalysts are usually defensive and,
      thus, in error when repelling (in this way) the attack of the inductivist
      philosopher. It is not psychoanalysis inductivists attack, but their own
      commitment to their own logic which leads inexorably to the dissolution of their
      argument, of all science, and, indeed, of psychoanalysis as well. It seems much
      more reasonable to postpone any response to the challenges that confront
      psychoanalysis today and to invest effort in a reformulation of the problem of
      the scientific status of psychoanalysis. Different rational solutions to the
      problem may evolve if we take care to become well informed first about the limits
      of our theoretical frameworks and show readiness to change them, if and when
      needed. That is to say, we can start with a somewhat tentative, not to say
      skeptical, frame of mind concerning the very concept of scientific status. We may
      try to keep and to contain our skepticism to the degree required by the discourse
      at hand, carry on exploring in our practice, report our results, and discuss them
      respectfully. We should start by admitting that, quite possibly, our discourse
      will end inconclusively.

PMID- 4020017
TI  - A reexamination of the concept "object" in psychoanalysis. Panel report.

PMID- 4020018
TI  - Reanalysis. Panel report.

PMID- 4020019
TI  - The Oedipus complex: a reevaluation. Panel report.

PMID- 4020020
TI  - Perspectives on the superego. Panel report.

PMID- 4020021
TI  - Irony in psychoanalysis.
AB  - Irony is a more important element of analysis than we generally recognize. First,
      verbal irony characterizes the discourse of certain patients who employ it as a
      defense, both adaptively and as a resistance, especially against the expression
      of intense affect associated with the transference. The frequent employment of
      irony reflects a significant character trait, an habitual mode of dealing with
      conflict. It is also a frequent manifestation of a particularly active self
      critical faculty. Ironic employment of a "double audience" is also relevant to
      analytic technique. Second, situational irony is inherent in many aspects of
      psychoanalysis, as a process and a point of view. It implies the acceptance of
      the inevitability of conflict, ambiguity and paradox, never quite capable of
      perfect resolution. It emphasizes critical examination of mixtures of motives of
      both analysand and analyst, and it requires perpetual questioning of what might
      otherwise be taken as accepted doctrine, including the principles of
      psychoanalysis per se. An ironic stance requires some degree of detachment in
      conjunction with deep commitment, itself an ironic circumstance. Third, the
      capacity to understand and employ irony can be traced to childhood, relatively
      early in the course of development of speech and sphincter control; some of its
      early determinants are to be found in the anal phase of psychosexual development;
      it reflects as well the capacity to use certain early defenses and mechanisms
      originally described as characteristic of the dream work. Its later fate as a
      prominent feature of character is very much a matter of ego and superego
      development, including such components as intelligence, verbal skills, the
      capacity for joking and for play, i.e., controlled regression. Sources of
      identification in the family and the culture are of obvious importance. Finally,
      an understanding of irony has an important place in the theory of technique,
      especially with regard to transference and resistance. An ironic stance and
      understanding on the part of the analyst are valuable, even essential; but irony
      may become a questionable defense for him as well as for his patient.

PMID- 4020022
TI  - Psychoanalysis, philosophy, and the public.

PMID- 4020023
TI  - On the theory of theory in psychoanalysis and the relation of theory to
      psychoanalytic therapy.

PMID- 4020024
TI  - The development of the drive object concept in Freud's work: 1905-1915.
AB  - In 1905 Freud established the idea of an object of an instinctual drive as the
      basic object concept of psychoanalysis. He also introduced the derivative
      concepts of object directedness, object choice, and object finding. While taking
      these steps he simultaneously deemphasized the importance of drive objects in
      sexual life, contradicted himself on whether drives are autoerotic or object
      directed in infancy, and made incompatible statements about whether or not object
      choice occurs before puberty. Freud's clinical work, reflected especially in the
      major case reports and a series of papers on fantasy, led to an apparent
      recognition of complexity in the mental life of children far greater than had
      been described earlier. The increased attention to and appreciation of mental
      content in childhood especially augmented Freud's understanding of the role of
      drive objects, object directedness, and object choice in infancy. This, in turn,
      led him to postulate a sequence of organizations of sexual life, named according
      to the zonal drive source plus the mode of object directedness, a process of
      theory development that continued through 1924. Object choice and, to a lesser
      extent, object directedness are concepts derived from and dependent upon the
      concept of drive object. Both require, however, explanatory constructs besides
      drive constructs. In 1915 Freud defined the term "object" in the context of
      stating his drive theory. Freud used the term object with several new modifying
      words during this decade. No new object concept was introduced, however, in this
      work, although some steps in that direction appeared to be in progress.

PMID- 4020025
TI  - Wild analysis.
AB  - Contemporary debates over psychoanalytic theory and practice warrant a
      reconsideration of the concept of wild analysis. Freud's initial formulation of
      the problem, subsequent developments in the Freudian conventions, and the work of
      Melanie Klein, Kohut, and Gill are compared in order to bring out different
      conceptions of interpretation that is wild, sound, or too tame. These different
      conceptions are system-bound. Moral implications of Klein's, Kohut's, and Gill's
      critiques and alternative systems are taken up.

PMID- 4020026
TI  - The object in psychoanalytic theory.

PMID- 4020027
TI  - Thoughts about early pathology.
AB  - In this paper, I have presented the assumption that some symptom pictures such as
      attachment to pain, the masochistic character, the negative therapeutic reaction,
      a basic depressive response, and anhedonia are rooted in a prevalence of
      organismic distress during the symbiotic phase. Neuroscientists taught us that
      early experiences are associated with the neuronal structuring of the developing
      brain, which then affects concurrent or subsequent reactions. In particular I
      followed Ginsburg's (1982) assumption of a neuronally, genetically given
      aggressive drive potential which influences and is influenced by early
      experiences, and which can interact with other gene potentials. In some patients
      aggressive drive components contributed to a less than harmonious basic core
      associated with failure of the early infant/mother interaction. Unpleasure
      prevailed during the symbiotic phase; aggressive energies predominated and
      enmeshed with the neuronal encoding, the early structuralization in both the
      neurophysiological and psychological meaning. Thus, the structuring of the
      function of internalization and the emerging self-object experience were
      disturbed from early on. This then continued to foster a proclivity for unstable
      (fusion and) diminished neutralization tendencies. As biological discharge
      phenomena evolve into vague psychological awareness, such an infant does not
      attain a sense of well-being, but rather attains a sense of "not-well-being"
      (Joffe and Sandler, 1965) which remains continuous or can be triggered--kindled-
      by any reactivating constellation, and the object is experienced as a source of
      unpleasure. This is in line with Mahler's bad mother and bad self-introjects.
      Primary narcissism has not evolved well or, said differently, is invested more
      with aggressive than with libidinal cathexis and is in an unfortunate association
      or balance with primary masochism. Aggressive drive components subsequently color
      fantasies, readiness for and severity of conflicts. The aggressivization of self
      feelings and of the function of internalization with its influence on--and
      exacerbation of--the rapprochement crisis is traced into later symptomatology.
      The basic pathology as described in this paper then compounds the oedipally
      derived problems.

PMID- 4020028
TI  - Empathy and psychoanalytic technique.
AB  - I have attempted to review the major psychoanalytic contributions to our
      understanding of empathy within the psychoanalytic situation. In doing so, I have
      discussed the relation between empathy and identification, reviewed aspects of
      the metapsychology of analytic comprehension, and have described the role of the
      analyst's evenly hovering attention in empathic responsiveness, as noted by
      several analytic investigators of empathy. The interrelations between empathy and
      countertransference have been described, and neutrality issues as they relate to
      empathy have been noted. Certain themes around the development of empathy have
      been grouped together and critically examined. The work of Kohut with regard to
      empathy has been discussed in relation to earlier psychoanalytic contributions of
      which it is an outgrowth and expansion. The changes in meaning and emphasis of
      empathic processes in Kohut's works have been described and critically reviewed.
      Empathy in its popular usage refers to the capacity of one person to
      communicatively partake, in a limited way, in the experience of another. In its
      differentiation from sympathy and pity, its noncritical or value-neutral
      character is emphasized. This description of empathy indicates its relevance to
      psychoanalytic technique, which shares many similar characteristics. Empathy is a
      general or superordinate term for many more specific aspects of the sensitive
      interpersonal interactions in the intimacy of relationships like the
      psychoanalytic one. Attempts to assign a particular psychoanalytic technical
      meaning to empathy or build clinical and developmental theory around empathy are
      limited by the multiple referents and generality of the concept. Empathy as a
      term has its place as descriptive of the analyst's emotional relatedness to the
      patient. It does not refer to any specific psychoanalytic technical intervention
      or theoretical construct; rather, it describes in a general way the sensitive,
      tactful, and experience-near way in which the analyst approaches the inner life
      of his patients.

PMID- 4020029
TI  - Aspects of the analysis of an adult son of deaf-mute parents.
AB  - This case demonstrates unique features connected with the parental deafness: the
      patient's anger toward women, his splitting of objects into all-good and all-bad,
      ease of regression, yearning for the symbiotic mother particularly as it was
      related to space as a transitional phenomenon into which he brooked no intrusion,
      his unique interests and creativity, his method of teaching, the shaping of the
      Oedipus complex by preoedipal trauma, and his feeling of entitlement with need to
      be treated as an exception. I have attempted to demonstrate the relation of the
      preverbal and preoedipal traumata, stemming from the deaf-mutism of the parents
      of a hearing child, to the patient's pathology, the shaping of his oedipal
      constellation, and character traits. I have described the compensatory ego
      functions that resulted in the development of creative, professional ability.
      Also, I have tried to demonstrate the complicated multiple overdetermination of
      his symptoms and aspects of his character formation.

PMID- 4020030
TI  - A case of phallic-narcissistic personality.
AB  - A case of phallic-narcissistic personality is presented to demonstrate the
      intermingling of oedipal and narcissistic transferences and to suggest a
      therapeutic rationale for the analytic treatment of similar cases. The
      therapeutic approach to dealing with the narcissistic configurations involves:
      Empathic and receptive listening to the patient's material relating to and
      reflecting narcissistic motifs. This early objective extends only to gaining
      access to the detailed scope of the narcissistic material in its multiple
      aspects. Clarifying and identifying the relevant narcissistic configurations,
      both superior and inferior aspects, so that the patient becomes increasingly
      aware of their pervasive influence, and increasingly able to identify the
      respective motifs. Interpretively linking the narcissistically inferior and
      superior configurations into a common gestalt, so that the patient comes to
      understand that these opposing aspects are mutually linked, defensively
      interconnected, and reciprocally reinforcing. Identification and interpretation
      of interlocking patterns of projection and introjection, particularly as they
      reflect and express narcissistic configurations. Modification of patterns of
      projection and introjection through the medium of the ongoing interaction (partly
      interpretive, partly extra-interpretive) that characterizes the relationship
      between analyst and patient. Patient projections are thus modified and replaced
      by more autonomous and adaptive introjections derived from the analytic relation
      that facilitate the alteration of pathogenic narcissistic formations.

PMID- 4020031
TI  - Psychoanalysis and psychiatry: models for potential future relations.

PMID- 4020032
TI  - Entero-pancreatic reflexes revealed by duodenal anesthesia in the dog.
AB  - This study was designed to improve our understanding of duodeno-pancreatic
      reflexes, the existence of which was suggested by the previous observation of a
      reduction in secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion during local anesthesia of
      the duodenal mucosa. The effects on this reduction in secretin-stimulated
      secretion of cholinergic or adrenergic blocking agents (alone or in combination)
      and of truncal vagotomy, were studied in conscious dog with gastric and
      pancreatic fistulae. For each agent and for secretin alone in normal and
      vagotomized dogs, a comparison was made of pancreatic secretion with and without
      lignocaine anesthesia of the duodenal mucosa. Lignocaine reduced pancreatic
      secretion with secretin alone, and stimulated it during infusion of atropine. The
      changes in both protein bicarbonate secretion were blocked by pentolinium and by
      phenoxybenzamine whereas propranolol mainly blocked the effects on bicarbonate
      output. The effect of truncal vagotomy resembled that of atropine. These results
      suggest the existence of two enteropancreatic reflex mechanisms; an excitory
      cholinergic vagal reflex and an inhibitory, atropine-resistant non-vagal reflex.
      Both are blocked by pentolinium (a ganglion blocker) and by phenoxy-benzamine,
      suggesting the involvement of alpha-adrenergic receptors probably also at the
      level of the ganglion cell. Beta-adrenergic receptors are also involved in the
      regulation of bicarbonate and fluid secretion.

PMID- 4020033
TI  - A comparison of the autonomic nervous control of the heart during classical
      aversive vs appetitive conditioning in dog.
AB  - Dogs were trained in either classical (i.e. Pavlovian) appetitive (n = 7) or
      aversive (n = 7) conditioning by presenting a tone (the conditional stimulus, CS
      +) that was followed by either food or shock delivery, respectively. In the first
      case, dog food was given to the animals during the last 30 s of a 1 min CS+.
      Aversive conditioning was accomplished by giving a 1 s shock at the end of a 30 s
      CS+. The control consisted of a different tone (CS-) which was never followed by
      food or shock. A chronically implanted transducer was used to record left
      ventricular pressure from which its first time derivative was calculated;
      d(LVP)/dt was used as an index of myocardial inotropic state. Heart rate (HR) was
      also determined. These data were averaged over the 30 s prior to the CS+, the 30
      s of the conditional stimulus tone itself, and the 30 s following shock or during
      food delivery. Well-trained animals evidenced changes in cardiac inotropism and
      chronotropism during the CS+ and also in response to unconditional shock or food;
      these are referred to as the conditional and unconditional cardiovascular
      responses, respectively. No statistically significant HR or d(LVP)/dt changes
      were observed during the CS-. The conditional response to food was small:
      relative to the pre-CS+ interval, average HR increased 11 bpm (P less than 0.05)
      and average d(LVP)/dt increased 309 mm Hg/s (P less than 0.01). During food
      delivery, HR increased by additional 23 bpm (P less than 0.01) and d(LVP)/dt
      increased by another 232 mm Hg/s (P less than 0.01). Beta-adrenergic blockade
      virtually eliminated the conditional HR and d(LVP)/dt response to food,
      indicating that both the chronotropic and inotropic changes during CS+ were due
      to elevated sympathetic drive. beta-blockade did not eliminate the unconditional
      HR response (+17 bpm, P less than 0.01), indicating that parasympathetic
      withdrawal has a mediating role in this persisting tachycardia. The conditional
      response to shock consisted of a 26 bpm increase in HR (P less than 0.01), while
      d(LVP)/dt increased 998 mm Hg/s (P less than 0.01). The beta-blockade reduced the
      HR conditional response to +8 bpm (NS) and essentially eliminated the increase in
      d(LVP)/dt. These data indicate that increases in cardiac sympathetic tone play a
      primary role in mediating the conditional cardiovascular response for both
      paradigms. Parasympathetic withdrawal, on the other hand, figures critically in
      mediating the unconditional response to food.

PMID- 4020034
TI  - Hemodynamic, behavioral and biochemical disturbances induced by an experimental
      cranio-cervical injury (whiplash) in rats.
AB  - Two days after an experimental whiplash performed on anesthetized Long-Evans
      female rats, without any direct blow to the head, we observed: (1) a hypotension
      (in supine position) (P less than 0.01), (2) a disturbance of the postural
      regulation of cerebral blood flow (P less than 0.01), (3) a disturbance of
      learning behavior characterized by decreased acquisition and retention
      (conditioned avoidance response and labyrinth tests), (4) an increase of the
      dopamine level (whole brain, cerebellum, thalamus + hypothalamus, corpus striatum
      and rest), (5) a decrease of the noradrenaline level in whole brain (P less than
      0.05) and in the medulla oblongata but an increase in thalamus plus hypothalamus,
      hippocampus and corpus striatum, (6) an increased reactivity of the peripheral
      alpha and beta receptors, determined by analyzing the hemodynamic consequences of
      i.v. injection of norepinephrine or isoproterenol, (7) there was no modification
      of the brain content of water or of serotonin and (8) finally, the injured rats
      displayed a remarkably aggressive behavior, though this was not quantified. These
      results are in agreement with the hypothesis that a change in brain amines
      metabolism could explain the different functional effects of whiplash. We
      therefore believe that the postconcussion syndrome is not subjective and that the
      neck injury is primary in the determination of the syndrome.

PMID- 4020036
TI  - Sympathetic postganglionic pathways to the hind-limb of the rat: a fluorescent
      histochemical study.

PMID- 4020035
TI  - Potential types of response of the parasympathetic denervated human parotid gland
      to cholinergic ligands.
AB  - Investigation of functioning of human parotid salivatory glands, both normal and
      postdenervated, has demonstrated the presence of 5 main types of salivatory
      responses to cholinergic agonists and antagonists. Existence of various types of
      response has indicated the presence of different subpopulations of M-cholinergic
      structures that interact differently with the agents of cholinergic induction and
      blockade. Two subtypes function in the norm and they are conditioned by the
      presence of a double regulation; nervous and humeral. Three additional potential
      subtypes of response have been revealed only under conditions produced by various
      degrees of the gland's denervation. The data obtained relate to the nature of
      multireceptors or receptor states within the M-cholinergic system.

PMID- 4020037
TI  - The projection of vagal afferents on the cerebellar vermis of the cat.

PMID- 4020038
TI  - Ultrastructure and stereological analysis of nucleoli of rat nodose ganglion
      neuron during a 24-h period: a comparison with sympathetic neurons of rat
      superior cervical ganglion.
AB  - The nucleoli of rat nodose ganglion were investigated during a 24-h span (light
      span 07.00-19.00 h). The mean volume of nucleoli and that of their components,
      especially fibrillar centers considered to be the interphasic counterpart of
      nucleolus-organizing regions, were determined by stereological analysis. The
      quantitative data showed that (1) nucleoli volumes of rat nodose ganglion neurons
      did not oscillate diurnally but that (2) there were diurnal dimensional changes
      in the volume of their fibrillar centers which strongly suggest an ultradian
      rhythmicity. These results are different from those obtained in studies of
      superior cervical ganglion neurons, in which nucleoli and nucleolar components
      followed a circadian rhythm with peak values during daily periods of darkness.
      Although the nucleoli of these 2 kinds of neurons involved in autonomic nervous
      system reactions do not show the same behavioural patterns, the present data
      bring to light a new example of circadian fluctuation in nucleoli and describes
      their organization in this respect.

PMID- 4020039
TI  - Arterial pressure- and cardiac rhythm-related single-neuron activities in the
      nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the rat.
AB  - This communication presents an analysis of 531 extracellularly recorded
      spontaneously active nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRGC) single-neurons
      in pentobarbital anesthetized rats, with particular reference to their
      cardiovascular-related activities. Fifty-nine percent of the gigantocellular
      neurons evaluated had temporal relationship with induced or spontaneous arterial
      pressure fluctuations. Twenty-eight percent of the NRGC neurons manifested
      definite discharge patterns and periodicity with reference to the cardiac cycle.
      It is discussed that these gigantocellular neurons may serve as a primary
      component of the cardiovascular regulatory mechanism. Alternatively, they may
      coordinate the necessary circulatory support for activities varying from
      respiration to somatomotor functions or sleep-wakefulness.

PMID- 4020040
TI  - [Stickler's syndrome or hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy].
AB  - Hereditary Progressive Arthro-Ophthalmopathy was described for the first time by
      Stickler. The major features of the syndrome are: myopia with retinal detachment
      and blindness, bone and joint dysplasia with arthropathy, and hearing loss. The
      condition is autosomal dominant with strong expressivity. Findings of 11 patients
      from 3 families are reported here: they confirm that this syndrome can be
      considered as a severe connective tissue disease.

PMID- 4020041
TI  - [Hypereosinophilic syndrome with ocular involvement].
AB  - The authors report a case of idiopathic hypereosinophilia with Loffler
      endocarditis in a 19 year old male. Retinal arteriolar occlusions were observed
      in the pre-equatorial region and documented by angiography. Histologic
      examination of the globes showed obliteration of the arterioles by a fibrinous
      coagulum without signs of vasculitis. Clinical data appears to suggest an embolic
      origin of the occlusions rather than thrombosis in situ.

PMID- 4020042
TI  - [Uveitis in acquired syphilis].
AB  - Syphilis is a well-established cause of uveal disease and is thought to be
      responsible for several distinct types of intraocular inflammation. Four cases of
      acquired syphilitic uveitis are reported. The diagnosis was essentially based on
      the clinical picture, the elimination of other possible causes, the results of
      reliable blood immunologic tests eg, the TPHA, FTA and Nelson tests, and the
      rapid response to penicillin therapy. Evaluation of anti-Treponema pallidum
      antibodies in the aqueous humor does not contribute to the diagnosis of
      syphilitic uveitis. Two cases needed large amounts of penicillin (total dosage,
      440 million units). Oral steroids were used to control the associated
      inflammatory reaction and to prevent a Herxheimer reaction. All the patients
      responded well to therapy.

PMID- 4020043
TI  - [Participation of the external carotid artery in orbital vascularization].
AB  - The authors present the result of 70 dissections of the arterial vascular system
      of the orbit. The craniofacial junction is an important location because of
      possible anastomosis between the two carotid systems. These anastomosis can be
      situated at the meningeal level, palpebral and also inside the orbit cavity. The
      embryology of the encephalic vascular supply allows one to explain the possible
      dual origin of the orbital blood supply. This work shows the frequent
      participation of the external carotid artery to the orbital vascularisation by
      mean of three collateral branches: the infraorbital artery, a branch of the
      maxillary artery, partakes in the arterial supply of the inferior oblique muscle
      in 85,7% of cases. Usually, the inferior muscular artery which is a branch of the
      ophthalmic artery also partakes in this supply. In very exceptional cases (2 of
      70) the infraorbital artery alone supplies the muscle. the lacrimal artery which
      can come from the external carotid system either from the middle meningeal artery
      or from the anterior deep temporal artery. This meningolacrimal artery can be
      either a solo lacrimal artery (17,14% of cases) or be associated with another
      classical lacrimal artery, from the ophthalmic artery (11,43%). These lacrimal
      arteries coming from the external carotid system have the following
      characteristics: they are thinner than classical arteries, they penetrate the
      orbit by their own orifice, the Hyrtl canal, and they can participate in the
      muscular vascularisation, especially of the lateral rectus. When these arteries
      are unique, most often they are encountered when the ophthalmic artery has
      undercrossed the optic nerve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020044
TI  - [Subclinical alcoholic optic neuritis without vitamin deficiency].
AB  - Vitamin B1, Folic acid Vitamin B12, whole blood Lead level, and plasma Zinc level
      were determined in 82 patients admitted to an alcoholism rehabilitation program.
      Each patient was examined for an optic neuritis. Thirty-two of the patients had
      sub-clinical abnormalities suggestive of optic neuritis like dyschromatopsias
      and/or field visual defects. No differences were found in the blood levels of
      Vitamin B1, Folic acid, and Vitamin B12 between the 32% affected and the 68%
      unaffected subjects. Moreover vitamins blood levels were found to be within the
      limits of normal values in both groups. A negative correlation between whole
      blood Lead levels and plasma Zinc levels was found. When an optic neuritis occurs
      the lead level tends to be higher and the Zinc lower. Abnormalities of the more
      usual alcoholism tests: gamma glutamyl Transpeptidase (gamma GT), mean red cell
      volume (V.G.M.) and glutamic Oxaloacetic transferase (T.G.O.), were more
      pronounced in alcoholics with optic neuritis.

PMID- 4020045
TI  - [Pathology of the vitreoretinal interface].
AB  - This comprehensive review of vitreoretinal junction involvement in various
      diseases is classified according to the static and dynamic features of the
      pathology. Apart from hereditary conditions such as Wagner's and Stickler's
      diseases, juvenile retinoschisis etc., retino-vitreal adhesions in equatorial
      degeneration and either idiopathic or secondary epiretinal membranes are
      described. Vitreo-retinal caused either by trauma, by cellular contraction in
      epiretinal membranes or by posterior vitreous detachment may especially provoke
      peripheral retinal tears or macular involvement.

PMID- 4020046
TI  - [Contraception and the use of care systems].
AB  - A study has been made of the frequency of the use of contraceptive methods and
      the methods used (oral contraception, intra-uterine device and other methods).
      This was carried out on 2000 women aged between 20 and 44 who had not been
      sterilised, were not pregnant, who lived in towns and in the country. The
      following variables were studied: the age, the socio-professional class, the zone
      in which they lived, the way antenatal care had been carried out (the number of
      antenatal visits and preparation for labour), the number of times they had seen a
      gynaecologist during the pregnancy, how the baby had been looked after in its
      first year of life and how often it had seen a paediatrician. A statistical
      analysis made it possible to categorise the variables that were studied in their
      relationship to medical contraception. This shows that as regards age,
      educational level and social status medical contraception was always better in
      towns than in the country. On the other hand, when women in the country do use
      medical contraception they go to the gynaecologist much more often than their
      town sisters do without any particular result from these consultations. Finally,
      medical contraception is not linked to other medical attention. This tends to
      confirm that contraception can be used as a prognostic element to show how well
      the woman will be looked after in pregnancy.

PMID- 4020047
TI  - [Cystometry: comparative values of water manometry and the "Mikro-Tip" method in
      the assessment of urinary stress incontinence].
AB  - Urethro-cystometry carried out on 20 patients with urinary stress incontinence
      which was clinically apparent gives quite different results if it is carried out
      using the water manometry technique of Bech-Heidenreich or using a Mikro-Tip
      technique without perfusion. Comparing the two techniques shows: --little or no
      difference in the measurement of the functional length of the urethra and the
      maximum pressure of closure of the urethra. --no difference between the form of
      the urethral surface at rest and the bladder surface on effort. --on the other
      hand it shows a very definite difference in the urethral surfaces on effort which
      depends on the large differences occasioned by the transmission factor. The
      latter is weak with the Heidenreich method and corresponds to the clinical state;
      it is raised with the micro-tip method, which contradicts the clinical evidence.

PMID- 4020048
TI  - [Massive edema of the ovary: apropos of a case].
AB  - A case of massive ovarian oedema is reported with a review of the literature. We
      would like to point out the value of thinking about the diagnosis of massive
      ovarian oedema when confronted with an ovary that seems to contain a tumour and
      to ask for frozen-section examination. By doing this the diagnosis can be made
      and the ovary preserved after the torsion has been dealt with in a young girl who
      is usually nulligravida.

PMID- 4020049
TI  - [Localized spontaneous cytosteatonecrosis of the breast].
AB  - A clinical case of fat necrosis of the breast is reported. The main clinical,
      radiographical and ultrasonographical aspects are described and discussed. The
      importance of surgical biopsy is emphasized in the atypical cases.

PMID- 4020050
TI  - [Postoperative paralysis of the leg].
AB  - Gynaecologists and bowel surgeons should realise that paralysis of the muscles of
      the lower limb following operation, although rare, is a definite risk which can
      be avoided by pre- and post-operative measures, especially as nowadays it is
      customary to operate through small narrow scars of aesthetic appearance. This
      does increase the risks, particularly when heavy retractors are used.

PMID- 4020051
TI  - [Gestational diabetes: the urgent need for a consensus].
AB  - About 2% of all pregnant women are affected by gestational diabetes.
      Unfortunately there is no unanimity in considering the criteria for the
      definition, classification and screening of these patients. This work tries to
      sort out the principal elements to be found in the literature that could help to
      work out a consensus in this field. At the present time, one of the best
      definitions seems to be "any pregnant women in whom the onset or recognition of
      diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance occurs during pregnancy". So, gestational
      diabetes is not synonymous of White's Class A and it is suggested to restrict the
      White classification to the diabetic women who subsequently become pregnant. The
      diagnostic test to establish glucose intolerance will be the oral glucose
      tolerance test with 100 g glucose. Various sets of criteria have been suggested
      for the interpretation of this test but it is advisable to use normal values
      established by one of the prospective studies, either by O'Sullivan in the USA or
      by Pinget in France or by Abell in Australia. As far as screening is concerned,
      the most sensible, specific and easy strategy appears to estimate, in every
      pregnant woman, the plasma glucose level one hour after a load of 50 g and to
      restrict oral glucose tolerance tests to the pregnant women whose results is
      above 150 mg%.

PMID- 4020052
TI  - [Results of preparatory surgery for in vitro fertilization with embryo transfer].
AB  - 68 cases out of a total of 407 patients who were destined to have IVF (16.7%) had
      most adhesions in the pelvis which made the ovaries inaccessible for laparoscopic
      recovery, in the two years between September 1981 and September 1983. Using very
      severe criteria for selection we rejected 46 cases as unsuitable for surgery at
      that time. Only 22 therefore remained to have preparatory surgery. This surgery
      was particularly aimed at improving the local conditions for laparoscopic
      recovery as well as improving the quality of ovulation. The results are
      encouraging because those women who were operated on had about the same level of
      success in the three stages of IVF as women who were not operated on. This three
      stage protocol of exploratory laparoscopy, operation and recovery laparoscopy
      does seem to be a heavy one and probably will be able to be replaced by a
      transvaginal ultrasound technique when this has been developed far enough to show
      that it has advantages.

PMID- 4020053
TI  - [Hysteroplasty for hemi-uterus and divided uterus. Apropos of 45 cases].
AB  - The authors present a series of 45 plastic operations for bicornuate uterus.
      Three women were operated on for functional symptoms, eight for sterility of
      which seven were primary, and thirty four for infertility. They are sorry that
      three women were lost to follow up. They used the Bret-Palmer technique with
      modifications that they themselves describe. They justify this choice as against
      other techniques of metroplasty. The anatomical results are, in the main, good
      when controlled by hysterosalpingography 3 to 6 months after the operation. The
      functional results, by which is meant the pregnancies that have been obtained,
      are medium as far as sterility is concerned. Four out of the eight women who were
      operated on became pregnant. But they are very good in cases of infertility,
      because thirty out of the thirty four cases that were operated on had one or two
      pregnancies. The authors justify their indications for metroplasty after a first
      spontaneous abortion by the good results they have had, and because bicornuate
      uteri give rise to many obstetrical complications. Furthermore in unoperated
      cases there is often difficulty in attempting a new pregnancy, and quite often
      spontaneous late abortions or premature labours. In certain cases they carried
      out the operation after first spontaneous abortions, but they are more
      conservative in operating in cases of primary sterility. The authors do not think
      it is necessary always to carry out a cerclage procedure nor a caesarean
      operation automatically in cases that have become pregnant after metroplasty.

PMID- 4020054
TI  - [Peridural obstetrical analgesia using an electronic syringe].
AB  - The authors present a study of 20 cases of epidural obstetrical analgesia. A
      Bupivacaine-Fentanyl mixture was given by continuous flow to bring about this
      analgesia. After an initial injection of 10 ml (9 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine and
      0.05 mg Fentanyl), a mixture of 45 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine and 0.25 mg Fentanyl
      was perfused into the epidural space using an electronic pump syringe, delivering
      at a rate of 5 ml/hr. The mean time of analgesia until the delivery is 4 h 40 mn
      and the women in labour received a mean of 31.14 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine (77.85
      mg) and 0.173 mg Fentanyl. It took only 5 1/2 minutes to set up this form of
      analgesia. Not a single patient had any pain the first stage of labour nor in the
      second stage, and 95% of them were able to push efficiently. There are no
      detectable changes in the haemodynamic parameters in either the mothers or the
      fetuses and no depression of maternal respiration was found. In each case the
      Apgar score was 10 after 5 minutes. In summary, the use of an electronic pump
      syringe to deliver a Bupivacaine-Fentanyl mixture in obstetrical labour is a
      great improvement in analgesia without any secondary effects in the mother and
      child.

PMID- 4020055
TI  - The management of delayed union and nonunion of the metacarpals and phalanges.
AB  - Nonunion and delayed union of the tubular bones of the hand are uncommon
      occurrences, but are often associated with functional deficits. Twenty-five
      consecutive phalangeal and metacarpal nonunions and delayed unions in patients
      seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital were reviewed and classified by the
      criteria of Weber and Cech. Most of the patients treated had inadequate or
      improper primary Kirschner wire fixation. Secondary treatment depended upon the
      associated disability. In seven cases treatment was by bone excision,
      arthrodesis, or arthroplasty. No treatment was given in four cases. Fourteen
      patients had operations to gain skeletal union. Rigid skeletal fixation with
      plates or lag screws was used in seven cases and permitted rapid postoperative
      mobilization of soft tissue and joint.

PMID- 4020056
TI  - Comparison of internal fixation techniques in metacarpal fractures.
AB  - A biomechanical study assessed quantitative differences in the stability that was
      obtained by five commonly used types of internal fixation employed in metacarpal
      fractures. The techniques included dorsal plating, dorsal plating combined with
      an interfragmentary lag screw, crossed Kirschner wires, a single intraosseous
      wire combined with a single oblique Kirschner wire, and a single intraosseous
      wire alone. Rigidity and strength in torsion and bending were determined after
      transverse osteotomy and fixation of the metacarpal were performed. The failure
      modes for each fixation technique were also observed and described. Significant
      differences in rigidity were found between the plated configurations (with or
      without an interfragmentary lag screw) and the wired configurations in both apex
      dorsal bending and axial torsion. The three wired configurations were not
      significantly different from each other except in torsion. Analysis of the
      bending moments that were required to produce both yield and failure in apex
      dorsal bending and also the energy absorbed to yield showed similar disparity
      between plated and wired techniques. For metacarpal fixation, dorsal plating with
      or without lag screws provides significantly more stability than do wired
      techniques and approaches that provided by intact bones.

PMID- 4020057
TI  - Digital venous anatomy.
AB  - The veins of the digits and their valves were studied in nine cadaveric hands by
      sequential angiography, microdissection, routine histology, cross-sectional
      microradiography, and corrosion casting. The findings revealed a pattern of
      dorsal venous arches situated over each digit. Connections between those arches
      were at the level of the metacarpal heads, the point at which most of the palmar
      venous blood joins the dorsal system by intercapitular veins. A system of valves,
      which were arranged so as to direct flow from distal to proximal, from palmar to
      dorsal, and from radial to ulnar in the hand, was present in all veins as far
      distal as the pulp.

PMID- 4020058
TI  - Distal ulnar recession for disorders of the distal radioulnar joint.
AB  - Thirty-six wrists of 35 patients were treated with distal ulnar recession for
      pain and limitation of motion associated with chondromalacia of the ulnar head,
      triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, ulnocarpal impingement, and instability
      of the distal radioulnar joint. Contributing factors were positive ulnar variance
      in 31 wrists, fracture of the distal radius in five, sprains in 14, premature
      closure of the distal radial epiphysis in five, and lax ligamentous habitus in
      five. The ages of the patients averaged 33 years. Clinical findings were local
      tenderness, crepitus, and instability evident by a positive "piano key" effect.
      Roentgenographic findings were positive ulnar variance (29 of 36), zero ulnar
      variance (four), negative ulnar variance (three), positive arthrogram (11 of 19),
      and "forme fruste" Madelung's deformity (two). The surgical procedure is a
      modification of the Milch cuff resection with the use of a dynamic compression
      plate. Recession ranged from 2 to 13 mm (average of 4 mm). Findings at surgery
      included chondromalacia of the ulnar head (19), tears of the triangular
      fibrocartilage complex (11), and excessive mobility of the ulnar head (10). At an
      average follow-up of 24.5 months, results were excellent in 7 wrists, good in 21,
      fair in four, and poor in four. Poor results in two wrists were upgraded to good
      after osteosynthesis of a nonunion in one and recessional osteotomy of the radial
      sigmoid notch in the other. Ulnar recession offers a less destructive alternative
      to disorders of the distal radioulnar joint than the Darrach resection.

PMID- 4020059
TI  - The scaphotrapezial ligament complex: an anatomic and biomechanical study.
AB  - An anatomic and biomechanical study of the ligamentous stabilizers of the
      scaphotrapezial trapezoidal joint was performed in 25 fresh cadaver specimens. A
      consistent scaphotrapezial ligament complex consisting of four entities was
      identified. This complex is comprised of a stout scaphotrapezial ligament on the
      radial and palmar aspects of the scaphotrapezial joint, weak palmar and dorsal
      capsules, and a scaphocapitate capsular ligament. A biomechanical study
      subsequently found that these structures were directly related to resisting
      diastasis of the scaphotrapezial trapezoidal joint. This information is helpful
      in understanding scaphoid tuberosity fractures, scaphotrapezial instability and
      arthrosis, scaphoid dislocations, and perhaps scapholunate disassociations.

PMID- 4020060
TI  - Radiocarpal septum after trauma.
AB  - A case is presented in which trauma, followed by open reduction and pinning,
      resulted in the formation of a radiocarpal septum that divided the joint into two
      distinct compartments. A simple resection of the septum was not sufficient, since
      it uncovered underlying carpal instability that required ligamentous
      reconstruction.

PMID- 4020061
TI  - Bilateral traumatic dislocations of Volz total wrist arthroplasties: a case
      report.
AB  - Bilateral traumatic dislocations of Volz total wrist arthroplasties in a patient
      with rheumatoid arthritis occurred 7 years after the initial surgical procedures.
      Treatment consisted of closed manipulation and reduction of both wrists followed
      by temporary splinting. Good function was restored in both wrists without
      operative intervention. No fractures or loosening at the bone cement interface
      was encountered.

PMID- 4020062
TI  - Restoration of sensibility to anesthetic scarred digits with free vascularized
      nerve grafts from the dorsum of the foot.
AB  - Five cases of segmental vascularized nerve grafts that bridge scarred beds for
      digital sensory nerve reconstruction where previous nonvascularized nerve grafts
      have failed are reported. Average follow-up in this study was 27 4/5 months.
      Three patients were men and two were women. Average age was 35 1/2 years. The
      thumb was the recipient digit in one patient; the index finger in two patients;
      and the long finger in two patients (primary opposing digit). Three digits had
      suffered amputation and two had crush lacerations. Average graft length was 6.6
      mm. Pin prick, touch, and vibratory sensation were restored in all patients
      (slightly impaired in one). Average moving two-point discrimination was 7.2 mm;
      average static two-point discrimination was 9.5 mm. Von Frey monofilament
      cutaneous pressure averaged 4.03 gm. Donor morbidity was negligible except for a
      neuroma in one patient and slight superficial skin loss in another.

PMID- 4020063
TI  - The overlap pattern of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the
      superficial branch of the radial nerve.
AB  - The anatomic relationship between the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABC)
      and the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBR) is outlined in 53 cadaver
      and 41 clinical dissections. Either partial or complete overlap of the LABC with
      the SBR occurred in 75% of the cases. The LABC and the SBR innervated separate
      territories in only 25% of the dissections. We suggest that injury to the LABC
      may be a concomitant finding in patients with injury to the SBR and that this
      associated injury to the LABC may be one of the reasons why neuromas of the SBR
      have been thought to be more resistant to therapy than neuromas elsewhere.

PMID- 4020064
TI  - Partial dorsal wrist denervation: resection of the distal posterior interosseous
      nerve.
AB  - Chronic dorsal wrist pain limits hand function. This article details preoperative
      diagnostic nerve block and patient selection criteria, operative technique for
      partial dorsal wrist denervation, and results of nonoperative as well as
      operative treatment for pain transmitted via the distal posterior interosseous
      nerve. More than 90% of the patients treated with the partial dorsal wrist
      denervation procedure achieved subjective relief of pain and objective
      improvement in wrist function, with 83% returning to work. Function did not
      improve in the group with fractures associated with reflex sympathetic dystrophy,
      and three of the four patients with rotary subluxation of the scaphoid
      subsequently required wrist fusion.

PMID- 4020065
TI  - Streptokinase in the treatment of acute arterial occlusion of the hand.
AB  - Continuous, low-dose, intra-arterial streptokinase was used to treat six patients
      with ischemia of the hand secondary to distal arterial occlusion. A bolus dose of
      100,000 U of streptokinase was administered, followed by a maintenance dose of
      5000 U/hr, which was titrated against the patients' coagulation profile. The
      duration of infusion ranged from 16 to 96 hours. Recanalization was achieved in
      four patients who were treated within 36 hours of the onset of occlusion.

PMID- 4020066
TI  - Influence of vessel clips on vascular patency in microarterial grafts less than
      0.5 mm in external diameter.
AB  - Autogenous interpositional microarterial grafting of 140 saphenous branches of
      albino rat femoral arteries with an external diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 mm (mean 0.45
      +/- 0.06 mm) resulted in an immediate patency rate of 100%. The patency rate
      observed at 72 hours was 64.3%. The late patency rate was related to blade tip
      pressure of the double approximator clip used in the microanastomosis. The
      patency rate with a clip with a blade tip pressure of 22 gm was 52.7% and that
      with a clip with a blade tip pressure of 2 gm was 77.3%. When arterial occlusion
      lasted less than 30 minutes, the late patency rate was 76.9% to 78.3%. If
      arterial occlusion lasted for as long as 1 hour, the late patency rate of vessels
      occluded by a clip with a blade tip pressure of 22 gm dropped to 27.8%. These
      results demonstrate that an interpositional microarterial graft as small as 0.5
      mm in external diameter is clinically feasible.

PMID- 4020067
TI  - A laser diffraction method for measuring muscle sarcomere length in vivo for
      application to tendon transfers.
AB  - A technique that uses laser light diffraction to measure muscle sarcomere length
      allows direct determination of optimal muscle length during tendon transfers.
      Forearm muscle sarcomere length with the hand in the position of function is 2.4,
      and muscle length corresponds directly to sarcomere length. We have used these
      observations to restore optimal muscle length during tendon transfers. Standard
      high radial nerve tendon transfers in six fresh cadaver forearms demonstrated the
      efficacy of the laser diffraction method in accurately measuring sarcomere
      length. In two clinical trials with the laser, standard high radial nerve palsy
      tendon transfers were performed. In each case the clinical tendency was to
      overpull the muscle during the transfer. With the laser it was possible to
      identify excessive muscle stretch and restore optimal muscle length.

PMID- 4020068
TI  - Surgery to achieve dynamic motor balance in adult acquired spastic hemiplegia: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - Reconstructive surgery of the upper limb was performed in an attempt to restore
      dynamic motor balance in 55 patients with adult-acquired spastic hemiplegia. An
      eight-level grading system was developed to determine the level of functional
      capacity. Because this system proved useful in predicting the results of surgery,
      it was utilized for operative planning. A two-level increase in functional grade
      was necessary for patients to obtain a meaningful increase in function. The
      average improvement after surgery was 2.10 functional levels. A two-level
      increase was achieved in 73.2% of the patients. No patient decreased in grade,
      and only one remained unchanged. In selected patients with upper limb spasticity,
      a predictable improvement in functional capacity can be obtained with dynamic
      motor balancing surgery.

PMID- 4020069
TI  - Redirection of extensor pollicis longus in the treatment of spastic thumb-in-palm
      deformity.
AB  - Twenty patients with the thumb-in-palm deformity associated with cerebral palsy
      were treated surgically by redirecting the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon
      through the first dorsal retinacular compartment in association with releasing
      the spastic intrinsic thenar muscles at their origin. The redirected EPL tendon
      augmented extension-abduction of the thumb in all patients; 18 patients were able
      to grasp with the thumb outside the clenched fist and noted improvement in
      functional activities. Augmentation tendon transfer that uses the EPL is an ideal
      surgical treatment for patients with cerebral palsy who have a thumb-in-palm
      deformity, since the procedure relieves an adduction deforming force and augments
      the weak extension-abduction by means of a musculotendon transfer that is known
      to function during digital extension. Consequently, postoperative reeducation of
      the transfer is minimal.

PMID- 4020070
TI  - Toe-to-hand transfer based on the medial plantar artery.
AB  - Two patients had toe-to-hand transfers based on the medial plantar artery system.
      The dorsalis pedis and first dorsal metatarsal arteries were absent in both
      cases. Although the procedure is slightly more complicated than currently
      described techniques for toe-to-hand transfers based on the dorsal system, the
      procedure was performed in both cases without complication.

PMID- 4020071
TI  - A palmar cross-finger flap for coverage of thumb defects.
AB  - We have devised a method of covering tissue defects of the distal thumb using a
      flap elevated between the two flexion creases on the palmar skin over the
      proximal phalanx of the long finger. The advantages of this method over the usual
      dorsally based, distal, cross-finger flap include improved appearance of the
      donor finger, comfortable positioning, and avoidance of joint contractures.
      Although sensitivity of the palmar scar, contractures, or other disadvantages of
      this approach were sought during follow-up, none were found.

PMID- 4020072
TI  - Flexor tendon gliding in the hand. Part I. In vivo excursions.
AB  - The amplitude of gliding of the flexor tendons was measured in 36 hands tagged
      intraoperatively with buried wire sutures. Finger and wrist position was
      correlated with tendon excursion as measured on radiographs in the postoperative
      period. With the wrist in the neutral position, the superficialis tendon achieved
      an excursion of 24 mm and the profundus tendon 32 mm. Excursion of the flexor
      pollicis longus tendon was 27 mm. With wrist range of motion, the amplitude of
      the superficialis tendon became 49 mm, the profundus tendon 50 mm, and the flexor
      pollicis longus tendon 35 mm.

PMID- 4020073
TI  - Flexor tendon gliding in the hand. Part II. Differential gliding.
AB  - Flexor tendon gliding was studied in vivo in 48 hands. Three finger motions-
      straight-fist, hook, and fist--were found to provide maximum differential gliding
      for superficialis and profundus tendons in respect to each other, as well as in
      respect to the flexor sheath and bone.

PMID- 4020074
TI  - A method for evaluating carpal alignment on lateral radiographs.
AB  - An alternate method of diagnosing carpal instability has been presented. The
      apparatus is easy to construct and is inexpensive. If the apparatus is used
      properly, it will enable the technician to obtain consistent and comparable
      radiograph projections. The use of a clear plastic rule with concentric circles
      is optional but may assist in a more accurate centering of the capitate and
      lunate circles.

PMID- 4020075
TI  - Reduction and fixation of phalangeal fractures.

PMID- 4020076
TI  - Heuristic approaches to decision-making in the delivery of primary health care
      within developing regions.
AB  - The delivery of primary health care (PHC) services is now recognized as a crucial
      element in the development of low-income regions. Effective delivery of these
      services requires the ability to solve a variety of policy decision problems.
      Research has demonstrated the utility of operations research/management science
      (OR/MS) models and methodologies in the analysis and solution of such problems.
      However, this approach may be limited in some regions by the data and
      computational requirements of the models. Intuitive approaches in the spirit of
      OR/MS models, termed heuristics, can provide an effective alternative in such
      cases. The current paper proposes a general heuristic procedure for solving
      problems of PHC delivery in developing regions. The heuristic is applied, in
      detail, to the problem of identifying "best" community financing schemes for PHC
      services in low-income sections of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

PMID- 4020078
TI  - Sounding bored--the bedside manor!

PMID- 4020077
TI  - Politics and bioethical commissions: "muddling through" and the "slippery slope".
AB  - When they have addressed highly controversial subjects, the bioethical
      commissions of the last decade have tended to avoid explaining the ethical
      justifications for their recommendations. This omission is consistent with the
      typical preference of policymakers for "muddling through," because it is often
      possible to reach agreement on specific decisions even when disagreeing sharply
      on principles. In bioethical policy, this omission of reasons has some special
      consequences. It allows commission members to ignore "slippery slope" arguments,
      which are based on the claim that the logic of justification adopted to address
      the current problem will ultimately lead us to great harms. Case-by-case decision
      making--along with the omission of reasons for decisions--will tend to highlight
      the benefits of innovation, and downplay possible long-term effects that might be
      ethically upsetting.

PMID- 4020079
TI  - Why does cholesterol ever precipitate out of human bile?

PMID- 4020080
TI  - Endoscopic tape dilator--a simple and inexpensive method to dilate upper
      gastrointestinal strictures.
AB  - Adhesive tape wound around the shaft of an upper GI endoscope serves as a simple
      method to dilate upper GI strictures under endoscopic control. This technique
      avoids the need for guidewires and fluoroscopy.

PMID- 4020081
TI  - Delayed gastric emptying in children with Crohn's disease.
AB  - To evaluate the role of delayed gastric emptying in the decreased nutritional
      intake and growth retardation of some patients with Crohn's disease, we looked at
      four groups: 1) Crohn's disease with growth retardation; 2) Crohn's disease with
      malnutrition or acute weight loss; 3) Crohn's disease without growth retardation
      or malnutrition; and 4) normal controls. Gastric emptying was measured by a test
      meal incorporating 99mTc sulfur colloid-labeled chicken liver as the solid phase
      marker and 111In-labeled water as the liquid phase marker. The percent of each
      isotope retained in the stomach over 120 minutes was compared among the groups
      and correlated with established nutritional parameters, caloric intake, and
      disease activity. Gastric emptying of the liquid component was the same in all
      groups, and emptying of solids in patients with Crohn's disease and growth
      retardation was not significantly different from controls. However, gastric
      emptying of solids was delayed in five of seven patients in the malnourished
      group; the mean emptying rate of all seven patients was significantly slower
      compared both to the normals (p less than 0.01) and the Crohn's patients without
      growth disturbances (p less than 0.05). This delay was correlated with caloric
      intake, but not with disease activity or any individual nutritional parameter
      except arm muscle area (p less than 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed
      that 54% of the variation in the emptying of solids could be accounted for by
      nutritional factors. Fifty-seven percent of patients with delayed gastric
      emptying had radiologic and/or endoscopic evidence of nonconstrictive involvement
      of the duodenum with Crohn's disease, while 80% of patients with such involvement
      had delayed gastric emptying. These results help explain the decreased caloric
      intake observed in Crohn's disease patients and support the role of liquid
      caloric supplements.

PMID- 4020082
TI  - Should we worry about gastric cancer in duodenal ulcer patients?
AB  - In three patients with active duodenal ulcer, carcinoma of the stomach was
      detected early during routine endoscopic examination. In all patients subtotal
      gastrectomy was performed, and pathological examination of the resected stomach
      revealed carcinoma confined to the mucosa. We review evidence for and against any
      association between gastric carcinoma and peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 4020083
TI  - Charcot-Leyden crystals.
AB  - Charcot-Leyden crystals are associated with the active proliferation of
      eosinophils and are nonspecific.

PMID- 4020084
TI  - Salmonella infections complicating inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - One hundred and five of 267 patients with inflammatory bowel disease at a
      community hospital had recorded diarrhea, but only one had Salmonella (0.9%). Two
      additional patients, one from another institution, are also reported. A
      literature review disclosed only 37 cases, 18 of which were adequately defined
      clinically. Patients with IBD may not be at an increased risk for Salmonella
      infection. Salmonella infection may increase the severity of IBD, and therefore
      antibiotics may be necessary.

PMID- 4020085
TI  - Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction: a possible role for the colocolonic reflex.
AB  - In diverse clinical settings, injury or impairment of the peripheral autonomic
      nervous system may cause acute colonic pseudo-obstruction. The mechanism has
      remained elusive since Ogilvie's original description. In classic Ogilvie's
      syndrome, colonic pseudo-obstruction is associated with malignant invasion of the
      prevertebral ganglia, and may be mediated through the colocolonic reflex,
      described in a guinea pig model. We have treated three patients with acute
      colonic pseudo-obstruction due to: 1) malignant invasion of the prevertebral
      plexus (classic or true Ogilvie's syndrome), 2) clonidine, and 3) herniorrhaphy
      under epidural anesthesia. In this paper, we discuss the possible role of the
      colocolonic reflex in the pathophysiology of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction,
      and the delineation of true Ogilvie's syndrome from the other many causes of
      acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.

PMID- 4020086
TI  - Giant hamartoma of the colon: Peutz-Jeghers type.
AB  - We have seen a young man with multiple large-bowel polyps and a single immense
      colonic polyp of the Peutz-Jeghers type. It was completely removed primarily to
      control hemorrhage and to exclude focal adenomatous or carcinomatous change. We
      review the spectrum of colonic hamartomas.

PMID- 4020087
TI  - Healing of endoscopic biopsy sites in the human rectum.
AB  - The time required in man for a rectal ulcer created with endoscopic biopsy
      forceps to heal is unknown. To answer this question, we created a large ulcer
      (approximately 8 mm in diameter) and a smaller ulcer (approximately 4 mm in
      diameter) in four healthy young men and followed the healing of the ulcers by
      visual examination every 4 days. Complete healing of the large ulcer had not
      occurred on days 4 and 8, while by day 12, three had healed and by day 16, all
      four had disappeared. Of the small ulcers, two had healed by day 8, and all had
      healed by day 12. This study suggests that it takes approximately 8-12 days for
      an artificially created rectal lesion to heal completely.

PMID- 4020089
TI  - Gastric outlet obstruction secondary to a gallstone (Bouveret's syndrome)

PMID- 4020088
TI  - Hepatic abscesses associated with Crohn's disease detected by 111Indium leucocyte
      scanning.
AB  - An asymptomatic woman with Crohn's colitis developed an ESR of 92 and was found
      by 111Indium leucocyte scanning to have two hepatic abscesses. Their early
      detection led to successful treatment.

PMID- 4020090
TI  - Obstructing lipomas of the esophagus and ileocecal valve.

PMID- 4020091
TI  - Ultrasound augmentation of central nervous system tumor therapy.

PMID- 4020092
TI  - Childhood thoracic trauma.

PMID- 4020093
TI  - 'Asanguinous' open-heart surgery.

PMID- 4020095
TI  - Ethics and medicine. 2. The Hospital Medical Ethics Committee.

PMID- 4020094
TI  - Skin diseases: current concepts, therapy. 2. Psoriasis.

PMID- 4020096
TI  - Hey, maximus, off your gluteus!

PMID- 4020097
TI  - A fixation procedure suitable for autoradiography of endogenous long-chain acyl
      carnitine.
AB  - A tissue processing procedure was evaluated for fixation of endogenous long-chain
      acyl carnitine (LCA) to facilitate autoradiographic subcellular localization of
      this amphiphile. Suspensions of neonatal rat myocytes labeled with exogenous 14C
      palmitoyl carnitine retained 85.2% of the radiolabel after tissue processing.
      Autoradiography demonstrated no significant translocation of radiolabeled LCA
      from myocytes to unlabeled sheep erythrocytes mixed in equal proportions and
      processed together. To evaluate endogenous LCA fixation, cultured myocytes were
      incubated for 3 days with 3H-carnitine. Radioactivity was distributed in LCA,
      short-chain acyl carnitine, and free carnitine pools in proportion to the
      physiological concentrations of the metabolites traced. Before tissue processing,
      LCA contained 4.5% of total radioactivity. After tissue processing, labeled water
      soluble components were lost and 88% of the retained radioactivity was in the LCA
      pool. The enrichment of endogenous LCA radioactivity was attributable to the
      selective extraction of endogenous short-chain and free carnitine. Nearly 75% of
      endogenous LCA was preserved. In contrast, 99.5% of both endogenous short-chain
      and free carnitine were extracted. Thus, endogenous LCA can be selectively
      preserved, permitting quantitative subcellular localization of this amphiphile
      with ultrastructural autoradiography.

PMID- 4020098
TI  - Transfer of label from 3H-glucose in Digitaria eriantha leaves to the rust fungus
      Puccinia digitariae Pole Evans.
AB  - Digitaria eriantha pentzii was fed 3H-glucose prior to inoculation with
      uredospores of Puccinia digitariae Pole Evans. Twenty-one hours after
      inoculation, uptake of label from 3H-glucose by the primary infection structures
      of P. digitariae was demonstrated employing autoradiography. These results
      indicate that an exchange of nutrients between host and pathogen occurs very
      early on in the infection process, during the formation of the primary infection
      structures. Despite contrary reports that obligate parasites receive no nutrition
      before establishment of haustoria, this study supports the work of Andrews (Can J
      Bot 53:1103, 1975), who demonstrated uptake of 3H-glucose label from lettuce
      cotyledons into the primary and secondary infection vesicles, appressoria, and
      germ tubes of Bremia lactucae.

PMID- 4020099
TI  - Application of Nile red, a fluorescent hydrophobic probe, for the detection of
      neutral lipid deposits in tissue sections: comparison with oil red O.
AB  - Nile red is a phenoxazone dye that fluoresces intensely, and in varying color, in
      organic solvents and hydrophobic lipids. However, the fluorescence is fully
      quenched in water. The dye acts, therefore, as a fluorescent hydrophobic probe.
      We utilized this novel property of nile red to develop a sensitive fluorescent
      histochemical stain for tissue lipids. Nile red was prepared by boiling Nile blue
      A under reflux for 2 hr in 0.5% H2SO4, and extracting the product into xylene.
      For staining, the purified dye is dissolved in 75% glycerol (1-5 micrograms/ml)
      and applied to frozen tissue sections. Tissue lipids then fluoresce yellow-gold
      to red, depending on their relative hydrophobicity. Using sections of liver and
      aorta from a cholesterol-fed rabbit, we assessed the value of Nile red as a stain
      for neutral lipids by comparing the staining pattern obtained with that produced
      by oil red O, a commonly used dye for tissue cholesteryl esters and
      triacylglycerols. In the cholesterol fatty liver, Nile red staining was
      comparable to that of oil red O. In contrast, Nile red staining of rabbit aortic
      atheroma revealed ubiquitous lipid deposits not observed with oil red O staining.
      These latter results suggest that Nile red can detect neutral lipid deposits,
      presumably unesterified cholesterol, not usually seen with oil red O or other
      traditional fat stains.

PMID- 4020100
TI  - Intragranular colocalization of immunoreactive methionine-enkephalin and oxytocin
      within the nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary.
AB  - To determine differential tissue antigens in the same section
      immunocytochemically using the electron microscope, the neurohypophysis was
      examined following the application of a freeze-drying tissue preparation and
      staining with the protein A-colloidal gold-antibody complex method (Hisano S,
      Adachi T, Daikoku S: J Histochem Cytochem 32:705, 1984). At the light microscopic
      level, colocalized immunostaining for methionine-enkephalin (ENK) and oxytocin
      (OXT) was found in the rat neurohypophysis under different physiological states.
      Small pieces of the neurohypophysial tissue were frozen and dried. The dried
      tissue was fixed with paraformaldehyde vapor and embedded. The ultrathin sections
      were stained with the antibody for ENK coupled with protein A-small colloidal
      gold, and antibody for OXT or vasopressin (VP) conjugated with protein A-large
      colloidal gold. The ultrastructures of the nerve terminals were well preserved
      and showed many membrane-limited secretory granules. It was possible to identify
      both OXT- and VP-containing nerve terminals as their secretory granules were
      differentially labeled with protein A-colloidal gold anti-OXT or anti-VP complex,
      respectively. The secretory granules, which were labeled with large gold
      particles for OXT, also carry small gold particles. It is evident that ENK
      coexists with OXT in the same granules.

PMID- 4020101
TI  - Localization of binding sites for concanavalin A, Ricinus communis I and Helix
      pomatia lectin in the Golgi apparatus of rat small intestinal absorptive cells.
AB  - Binding sites for concanvalin A (Con A), Ricinus communis I agglutinin (RCA I),
      and Helix pomatia lectin (HPA) were localized in the Golgi apparatus of rat small
      intestinal absorptive cells. A preembedment technique, a modification of the one
      originally used by Bernhard and Avrameas (Exp Cell Res 64:232, 1971), was
      employed, with horse-radish peroxidase being used for cytochemical visualization.
      Incubations were performed on 10 microns thick cryosections of duodenal segments
      that were fixed in a mixture of 4% formaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde; fixation
      was preceded by a 2-min rinse in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate and followed by storage
      in the same buffer for up to 7 days. Incubation with Con A, which binds
      preferably to alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose residues, caused intense
      reaction of the dilated cisternae of the cis Golgi side; staining was variable in
      intermediate and trans cisternae. RCA I, recognizing beta-D-galactose residues,
      could only be demonstrated in intermediate cisternae. Reaction for HPA, which
      indicates alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues, stained intensely 1 to 2
      cisternae of the cis Golgi side, as well as being localized in the peripheral
      regions of the cisternae of the intermediate compartment of the stacks. Deposits
      of reaction product covered the luminal surface of the cisternal membranes, but
      usually left the lumen itself, as well as lipid particles, devoid of reaction.
      The differences in Con A, RCA I, and HPA reactivity between cis, intermediate,
      and trans cisternae suggest compositional and structural differences of the
      carbohydrates in the respective compartments; they may reflect conversion
      processes that are known to occur in the oligosaccharide side chains of
      glycoconjugates at the Golgi complex level.

PMID- 4020102
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of estrogen receptor with monoclonal
      estrophilin antibodies.
AB  - The recent production of a series of monoclonal estrophilin (estrogen receptor)
      antibodies recognizing estrogen receptor derived from a wide variety of animals
      and target tissues permits the development of immunoelectron microscopic
      techniques for identifying estrogen receptor. We have determined suitable
      conditions for the ultrastructural localization of estrogen receptor in tissue
      sections. Localization of receptor was observed in the euchromatin, but not in
      the marginated heterochromatin or nucleoli of epithelial and stromal nuclei of
      human endometrium. Competition studies indicate that only estrogen receptor
      specifically inhibits nuclear staining. The absence of any specific cytoplasmic
      localization at the electron-microscopic level is consistent with earlier light
      microscopic observations and suggests that the majority of the cellular pool of
      estrophilin exists in the nucleus of hormone-responsive cells.

PMID- 4020103
TI  - Horseradish peroxidase: factors affecting its distribution after retrograde
      infusion into the rat parotid gland.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that tight junctions of the unstimulated rat parotid
      gland are impermeable to retrogradely administered tracers such as myoglobin.
      Permeability is increased following beta-adrenergic stimulation, allowing the
      tracers to reach the intercellular and interstitial spaces. Reaction product of
      retrogradely infused horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and lactoperoxidase in found in
      the intercellular and interstitial spaces in both resting and stimulated glands,
      and many acinar and duct cells contain diffuse cytoplasmic reaction product. In
      this study we investigate several factors that might influence the distribution
      of HRP in the parotid gland. Tracer distribution was similar with HRP obtained
      from different suppliers, with different HRP preparations (Sigma types II, VI,
      VIII, and IX), and at HRP concentrations of 0.1-10 mg/ml. Inclusion of various
      saccharides in the infusion solution had no effect on the distribution of
      reaction product. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of HRP by extraction of
      the heme group or reaction with hydrazine reduced but did not eliminate the
      extraluminal and cytoplasmic reaction product. In contrast, HRP treated with high
      H2O2 concentrations (0.04 M) was retained in the lumina and cytoplasmic staining
      was nearly abolished. Immunofluorescent localization of untreated and H2O2
      treated HRP after retrograde infusion confirmed the findings obtained using
      diaminobenzidine procedures. These results suggest that the peroxidatic activity
      of HRP may damage cell membranes and tight junctions in the rat parotid gland,
      and indicate that permeability studies employing HRP as a tracer should be
      interpreted with caution.

PMID- 4020104
TI  - Optimal antigen localization in human tissues using aldehyde-fixed plastic
      embedded sections.
AB  - Although the utility of antigen labeling techniques in frozen tissues is well
      known, it is generally acknowledged that an improvement in morphologic
      preservation is desirable. Conventionally processed paraffin-embedded tissues are
      limited in the range of antigens that can be detected and newer plastic embedding
      techniques have been even more restricted. By using cold (4 degrees C) processing
      and limited fixation a wide range of antigens (including T and B markers) has
      been demonstrated in 2 mu plastic sections. The morphologic preservation and
      antigen localization are superior to other techniques. The combination of precise
      antigen localization and excellent morphologic preservation should expand the
      diagnostic and investigative uses of immunohistology.

PMID- 4020105
TI  - Biotypes and serotypes of thermophilic campylobacters isolated from cattle, sheep
      and pig offal and other red meats.
AB  - In this study we examined 730 faecal samples of offal (mainly liver), mince-meat
      and sausage meat collected from abattoirs and retail butchers' shops for
      campylobacters. Campylobacter jejuni or C. coli were isolated from 30.6, 10.5 and
      6% of sheep, cattle and pig offal samples respectively. Specimens collected from
      abattoirs were, in general, more often contaminated than material obtained from
      retail butchers' shops. Only 1.4% of minced meats and sausage meats contained
      campylobacters. Most isolates (89.5%) were C. jejuni biotype 1 (Skirrow &
      Benjamin, 1980) of serotypes 1 and 2 (Penner & Hennessy, 1980). This study shows
      that animal offal is frequently contaminated with C. jejuni of biotypes and
      serotypes commonly isolated from human beings with campylobacter enteritis.

PMID- 4020106
TI  - The effect of surgical gowns made with barrier cloth on bacterial dispersal.
AB  - A dispersal chamber (body box) technique has been used to compare bacterial
      dispersal from the skin of subjects carrying out a stepping test under controlled
      conditions while wearing four differing garment systems namely: basic underwear,
      cotton 'blues' (standard pyjama style jacket and trousers for men or dress for
      women), ankle socks, boots for men and shoes for women, mask and theatre hat; the
      basic set covered with a cotton gown; the basic set covered by a gown with a
      front made from GORE-TEX fabric in which an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
      membrane is sandwiched between layers of woven or knitted polyester; the basic
      set covered with a fully enclosed suit of the same fabric. A slit sampler was
      used to measure the number of bacteria liberated in a downward current of air.
      Six subjects (three female and three male) were studied. Males liberated more
      bacteria. Covering the 'blues' with a cotton gown increased the bacterial count;
      a gown of the new material reduced the increase by 50%, and the suit cut the
      dispersal to virtually zero. Preliminary work suggests that GORE-TEX garments
      survive laundering better than cotton, and may be cost-effective, but are not yet
      as comfortable. Research is presently in progress to improve this aspect.

PMID- 4020107
TI  - Salmonella isolation with Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment medium seeded with
      different sized inocula of pre-enrichment cultures of meat products and sewage
      polluted water.
AB  - A total of 574 samples, of seven different types, were examined for the presence
      of salmonellas. All the specimens were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water and
      enriched in Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium (RV medium). In one trial 0.1 ml of pre
      enrichment culture of 497 samples (79 chicken carcasses, 228 specimens of minced
      meat, 100 pork sausages, 19 samples of dried powdered chicken meat, 11 specimens
      of faeces of healthy pigs and 60 samples of sewage polluted natural sea water)
      was seeded to 10 ml as well as to 100 ml of RV medium. With the first inoculum
      (ratio 0.1:10), 111 samples were found to contain salmonellas, while with the
      second inoculum (ratio 0.1:100), only 102 positive samples were detected. This
      difference is marginally significant (P less than 0.05). In another trial, 0.1
      ml, 0.2 ml and 0.5 ml of pre-enrichment culture of 162 specimens (71 chicken
      carcasses, 40 samples of sewage polluted sea water and 51 samples of sewage
      polluted river water) were in turn introduced to 10 ml of RV medium. With the 0.1
      ml inoculum 93 positive samples were detected, while with the 0.2 and 0.5 ml
      inocula 93 and 88 positive samples were found. The differences are not
      statistically significant. In these trials the growth of competing organisms was
      minimal with ratios of inocula 0.1:10 or 0.1:100.

PMID- 4020108
TI  - A survey of Campylobacter in animals.
AB  - A survey of Campylobacter species in the faeces or rectal contents of domestic
      animals was carried out using direct and enrichment culture methods.
      Campylobacters were isolated from 259 (31%) of 846 faecal specimens. The highest
      isolation rate was found in pigs (66%); lower rates were found in cattle (24%)
      and sheep (22%). In pigs all the isolates were C. coli, in sheep and cattle about
      75% were C. jejuni. Only five isolations of C. fetus subsp. fetus were made, all
      from cattle. More pigs with diarrhoea had C. coli in their faeces than healthy
      pigs (77% vs 47%), but such a clear difference in isolation rate between sick and
      healthy animals was not seen in cattle or sheep. The enrichment method increased
      the total isolation rate of C. jejuni and C. coli by 33%, but for cattle
      specimens it increased it by 69% (from 6.5% to 21%). However, the enrichment
      method failed to detect 16% of positive specimens (mainly C. coli), so direct and
      enrichment methods should be used for the culture of campylobacters from animal
      faeces. The results show that cattle, sheep and pigs constitute a large potential
      source of campylobacter infection for man.

PMID- 4020109
TI  - Prevalence of antibody against influenza A viruses in the Kren-Akorore, an Indian
      tribe of Central Brazil, first contacted in 1973.
AB  - Influenza A antibodies in serum samples obtained in 1980 from two Indian
      populations in Central Brazil were compared. The Kren-Akorore, who were first
      contacted in 1973 and two years later transferred to the Xingu Indian Park (PIX),
      were compared with Indians from other tribes already living in the PIX before
      1975. An analysis was made of the prevalence and distribution of antibodies
      against the influenza A viruses which have circulated in the civilized world
      since 1918. Antibodies to the early influenza A viruses were absent in both
      Indian populations, but A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) virus apparently circulated in
      the PIX. No antibody to influenza A/Bangkok/1/79 or to A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1) was
      found in any of the sera, whereas antibodies to these viruses were commonly found
      in urban populations in Brazil. The evidence from influenza antibodies agrees
      with the information that the Kren-Akorore Indians had been living in complete
      isolation until 1973, when they were first contacted.

PMID- 4020110
TI  - A study of the host range and distribution of antibody to Akabane virus (genus
      bunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae) in Kenya.
AB  - Serum neutralizing antibody to Akabane virus (genus bunyavirus, family
      Bunyaviridae) was found in a high proportion (50-95%) of cattle sampled in Kenya,
      while sheep and goats had fewer positive (13-33%). Camel and horse sera also
      contained antibody to the virus (70% and 50% respectively). The antibody was
      found in animals from the high altitude temperature type of grasslands, drier
      bushed and wooded grasslands and the semi-desert. No arthrogryposis nor
      hydranencephaly has been encountered in Kenya which might be related to this
      widespread virus infection. A wide range of Kenyan wild ruminants had antibody to
      Akabane virus in their sera, as also did zebra.

PMID- 4020111
TI  - An epidemiological study of Salmonella montevideo by biotyping.
AB  - Among 622 cultures of Salmonella montevideo, 27 biotypes belonging to two
      biogroups were recognized. One biogroup (10di) was predominant in all animals in
      Scotland but only in sheep in England and Wales. The other (biogroup 2d) was
      responsible for almost all human, cattle and poultry infection in England and
      Wales, but only 24% of human infection in Scotland.

PMID- 4020112
TI  - A comparison of virulence of two strains of Legionella pneumophila based on
      experimental aerosol infection of guinea-pigs.
AB  - Two strains of Legionella pneumophila (LP) serogroup I, of differing virulence,
      were examined in terms of numbers of viable organisms in tissues, pyrexia and
      mortality following aerosol infection. The Corby strain was the more virulent,
      with pyrexia and deaths of guinea-pigs 3 to 6 days after infection. This strain
      multiplied very rapidly in the lungs to reach a peak of 5 X 10(11) viable
      organisms/lung. Organisms were present in the blood, liver, spleen and kidney.
      The Philadelphia-1 strain (NCTC 11192) was unable to replicate in the lung and
      was cleared between 14 and 21 days after infection. Pyrexia was not observed. No
      guinea-pigs died and viable LP was not found in any organ other than the lung.
      Lung lavages on aerosol infected animals were performed and the virulent Corby
      strain was found to be mainly intracellular. The avirulent Philadelphia-1 strain
      was found predominantly in the extracellular location. There were approximately
      10 times the number of viable virulent LP in the lung macrophage fraction than in
      the lung PMNL fraction. In comparison, there were approximately equal numbers of
      the viable avirulent strain in the macrophages and the PMNL. Experimental
      evidence suggests that the macrophage preferentially supports the growth of the
      virulent Corby strain compared with the PMNL. The avirulent strain on the other
      hand appears to be destroyed by both the macrophages and the PMNL.

PMID- 4020113
TI  - The interplay of host and organism factors in infection of the mouse genital
      tract by Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AB  - Mice of strain TO, in groups of ten, were inoculated intravaginally with
      Mycoplasma pulmonis organisms. Seven mice became infected after inoculation of
      organisms with strong haemadsorptive capacity, four after inoculation of
      organisms with diminished adsorptive capacity following ten passes in medium, and
      none after inoculation of apparently non-adsorbing organisms which had been
      passed 50 times. There appeared to be a correlation, therefore, between the
      ability to infect and the cytadsorptive capacity of the organisms. There was only
      a minimal vaginal polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) response in the infected
      mice and most of them had ceased to be infected by 35-42 days. In contrast, mice
      treated with progesterone had enhanced infections; all those given strongly
      haemadsorbing organisms, and organisms passed ten times, became infected and
      remained so for at least 42 days. Furthermore, at least ten fold more organisms
      were recovered from progesterone-treated than from untreated mice, and the PMNL
      response was much greater. Most of the progesterone-treated mice given organisms
      passed 50 times did not become infected, but some did, and the organisms
      recovered from them were fully cytadsorptive. It is postulated that a few
      cytadsorbing organisms in this inoculum were induced to infect under the
      enhancing effect of progesterone.

PMID- 4020114
TI  - Comparison of the impact of continuous and intermittent exposure to vinyl
      chloride, including phenobarbital effect.
AB  - Rats were subjected to 4 h continuous and intermittent exposure to vinyl chloride
      (VC) at the time-weighted average concentration of 50,000 mg/m3. Prior to
      exposure, half of the animals obtained water, whereas the other half 0.1% sodium
      phenobarbital (PB) solution for seven consecutive days. The studies were focussed
      on: body weight, liver weight, activity of enzymes in the blood serum, activity
      of glutathione S-transferase in the liver cytoplasmatic and microsomal fraction,
      content of free non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) in the liver and urinary
      excretion of thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA). VC exposure, both continuous and
      intermittent, resulted in a decrease of body weight, NPSH depletion in the liver
      and TDGA urinary excretion. PB effects were manifested by the persistent decrease
      in rats' body weight, increase in the liver weight, increase in the cytoplasmatic
      activity of glutathione S-transferase in the liver and increase in TDGA urinary
      excretion. With none of the tested parameters, except TDGA, statistically
      significant differences between the continuous and intermittent VC exposure at
      the same time-weighted average concentration of 50,000 mg/m3, were found. TDGA
      urinary excretion was higher in rats poisoned in continuous exposure, as compared
      to the intermittent one.

PMID- 4020115
TI  - Behavioral teratology--results achieved and perspectives of development.
AB  - The objective of behavioral teratology is to throw light on the consequences of
      prenatal effect of the agent on varying aspects of the functional state of the
      nervous system. In the present paper, the author proposes Carbendazim as a model
      of Type 1 behavioral teratogen (agent provoking morphological anomalies in the
      CNS). On this model, the author studied the sensitivity of a group of primary
      screening tests proposed in the literature, introducing semiquantitative and
      quantitative criteria for determining the level of response. The study of the
      postural reflex and behaviour in the open field were found to be the most
      sensitive. The latter also provides the possibility of demonstrating some
      qualitative deviations in behaviour, such as the "jumping" gait.

PMID- 4020116
TI  - Mercapturates in the urine of persons exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide.
AB  - N,N-dimethylformamide, a nucleophilic aprotic dipolar solvent, has multipurpose
      uses, especially in the manufacture of plastics. Its acute toxicity for mammals
      is low; it is hepatotoxic. Vapors are absorbed by the lungs, in the liquid form
      it causes cutaneous maceration and is rapidly absorbed through the skin. In the
      organism it is primarily metabolized to N-monomethylformamide, to a lesser extent
      to formamide. Urine of individuals exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide was newly
      found to have higher levels of thioethers, most likely mercapturates, as yet of
      unknown chemical structure. The correlation between the urinary concentrations of
      mercapturates (y) and N-monomethylformamide (x) can be expressed by equation y =
      4.93 + 0.58 x, with the coefficient of correlation r = 0.90. Part of N,N
      dimethylformamide metabolites is likely to react with biopolymers, part of it is
      excreted as metabolic end products, i.e. carbon dioxide, water and urea.
      Breakdown to mercapturates may implicate N,N-dimethylformamide as being a
      potential carcinogen.

PMID- 4020117
TI  - Activity of acid and alkali phosphatase in guinea pigs exposed to the static
      magnetic fields.
AB  - The influence of static homogeneous magnetic field on alkali and acid phosphatase
      in guinea pigs (regarding the twenty four hours rhythm) was studied. The increase
      of acid phosphatase activity was determined by the time of exposure to magnetic
      field. No changes in alkali phosphatase activity were observed.

PMID- 4020118
TI  - Antagonistic activities of coagulase-positive staphylococci.
AB  - Antagonistic activities were investigated by Frederioq's plate method in 1,014
      coagulase-positive staphylococcal strains of different species and origins.
      Staphylococcin effect was demonstrated in 12 (2%) of the 559 Staphylococcus
      aureus strains, in 51 (18%) of the 283 S. intermedius strains, and in 1 (3%) of
      the 36 S. hyicus subsp. chromogenes strains. Lysostaphin was identified in the 15
      (5%) S. intermedius strains. In addition, heat-stable bacteriostatic agent was
      detected in 45 (33%) and heat-labile bacteriolytic agent in 7 (5%) of the 136 S.
      hyicus subsp. hyicus strains. An attempt was made at antagonistic activity typing
      in all of the active staphylococcal strains.

PMID- 4020119
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers occupationally
      exposed to styrene.
AB  - The genetic risk run by workers occupationally exposed to styrene vapors was
      assessed in two different plants A and B, using the cytogenetic analysis of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes. In plant A engaged in the manufacture of
      polystyrene vessels the mean styrene exposure level was found to range between 70
      and 150 mg . m-3, in plant B manufacturing sports boats, plastic slides for
      children and plastic guard-stones it reached the level of about 200 mg . m-3. The
      rate of aberrant cells (AB.C.) found in plant A workers (N = 36) at the time of
      first sampling was 1.38% and the value of break/cell (B/C) ratio was 0.015; at
      the second sampling the rate of AB.C. was 1.41% and the B/C ratio was 0.014. The
      group of matched controls (N = 19) was found to have 1.26% of AB.C. and 0.014
      breaks per cell. Plant B workers (N = 22) exhibited at the first sampling 1.72%
      of AB.C. and their value of B/C ratio was 0.018, the group of matched controls (N
      = 22) had 1.36% of AB.C and the B/C ratio 0.015; the respective values at the
      time of second sampling were 2.81% for AB.C. rate and 0.029 for B/C ratio in the
      exposed and 1.89% for AB.C. rate and 0.021 for B/C ratio in the control group. It
      is concluded that styrene exposure levels below 100 mg . m-3 do not pose any
      serious genetic risk for the exposed population groups. The variations found in
      the degree of chromosome injury by smoking habits, drug intake pattern, or sex
      were not statistically significant.

PMID- 4020120
TI  - Determination of some immunologic parameters in capillary blood samples.
AB  - A technique for the collection of capillary blood samples and their subsequent
      analysis is described. The procedure is especially intended for use in children,
      stomatologic patients and individuals under load test who are to be screened for
      the level of immunoglobulins. The applicability of this method was verified in a
      group of 71 patients treated for various chronic liver lesions at the Research
      Institute of Balneology. The aim was to avoid the distress of repeated venous
      blood samplings to patients who had to be examined for the dynamic of changes in
      their immunologic parameters. Totally, nine immunologic parameters were
      simultaneously determined in the capillary and venous blood of these patients. As
      confirmed by statistical processing of the data (t-test, F-test, correlation
      coefficients and regression line equations were calculated) both methods proved
      equally suitable in terms of the results yielded so that either of them can be
      safely used for routine human serum analyses. However, the use of the capillary
      blood technique turned out to cause less discomfort to the patients, and appears
      to be distinctly of advantage in children and stomatologic patients as well as in
      repeated blood samplings during load tests and examinations in animal
      experiments.

PMID- 4020122
TI  - Renal response to acute volume overload in conscious rats with atrial
      appendectomy.
AB  - The presence of volume receptors and a potent natriuretic factor (ANF) in
      mammalian cardiac atria strongly suggests a central role of the atria in
      extracellular fluid volume regulation. ANF is stored within granules in atrial
      appendages, and their removal could alter the response to volume overload. We
      tested this hypothesis in conscious Wistar rats two weeks after sham operative or
      atrial appendectomy. The results indicate that removal of the atrial appendages
      significantly reduced their urinary excretion of water, sodium and potassium
      during the first hour following acute volume overload. It is concluded that
      atrial appendectomy alters the ability of rats to handle acute volume overload
      possibly through a reduction in the ANF available for release.

PMID- 4020121
TI  - Blood pressure response to antihypertensive therapy: ambulatory versus office
      blood pressure readings.
AB  - Blood pressure readings obtained by the physician in his office and ambulatory
      blood pressures recorded with the semi-automatic Remler device, were compared
      during a controlled antihypertensive drug trial. Either timolol or methyldopa was
      administered in in double-blind fashion to 30 patients with uncomplicated
      essential hypertension. All exhibited a diastolic office blood pressure greater
      than 95 mmHg at the end of a four-week placebo period. All patients then received
      a combination of hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/day) and amiloride (2.5 mg/day).
      After four weeks of diuretic therapy, timolol (10 mg/day, n = 14) or methyldopa
      (250 mg/day, n = 16) were added randomly for six weeks. The dose of all
      antihypertensive agents was doubled after two weeks of therapy with diuretics
      combined with timolol (n = 7) or methyldopa (n = 16) because of the persistence
      of diastolic blood pressure levels greater than 90 mmHg at the office. When
      assessed in the office, the antihypertensive effect of timolol and methyldopa was
      similar. During ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, however, pressure levels
      were lower in the patients given timolol (P less than 0.05 for the diastolic).
      With both regimens, the blood pressure response measured outside the clinic
      during usual daily activities could not be predicted from that observed with
      office blood pressure readings. Furthermore the magnitude of the drug induced
      blood pressure decrease was more reproducible in time when determined outside the
      clinic. These data suggest that ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is more
      precise in evaluating the efficacy of antihypertensive therapy than office blood
      pressure measurement.

PMID- 4020123
TI  - Characterization of angiotensin I, II, and III from mouse as position-5
      isoleucine [Ile5] angiotensins. An HPLC Study.
AB  - Angiotensin I was generated in vitro in mouse plasma by addition of mouse
      submaxillary renin. After deproteinization on Dowex 50W-X2 ion exchange resin,
      the samples were separated by reverse phase liquid chromatography and the
      fractions analysed by radio-immunoassay for angiotensin I. Angiotensin I from
      mouse was injected into the jugular vein of a nephrectomized rat in order to
      generate angiotensin II and III of mouse origin. Carotid arterial blood was
      collected immediately, centrifuged and the plasma deproteinized and separated on
      high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fractions were analysed for
      angiotensin I, II and III by radioimmunoassays. Retention times for mouse
      angiotensins in the liquid chromatography system were compared to synthetic
      [Val5] and [Ile5] angiotensin I, II and III. All three mouse angiotensins
      coincided with the corresponding synthetic [Ile5] angiotensins during elution,
      suggesting the same type of angiotensin in mouse and man. An additional study on
      rat angiotensins confirmed previous findings by other investigators, indicating
      that the angiotensins of this animal were also of the [Ile5] type.

PMID- 4020124
TI  - Predictors of cardiovascular morbidity in treated hypertension: results from the
      primary preventive trial in Goteborg, Sweden.
AB  - Prognostic factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) were studied in treated,
      middle-aged male hypertensives, derived from a random population sample and
      followed for more than 10 years. In multivariate analysis diastolic blood
      pressure, smoking, serum cholesterol, proteinuria, angina pectoris and previous
      stroke were found to be independent predictors of CVD morbidity (non-fatal
      myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal stroke, or CVD death). Multivariate
      analyses for coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and CVD mortality were also
      performed and the results are given. Life-table analyses showed a three times
      higher CVD incidence among smokers than amongst non-smokers and a doubled
      incidence for subjects with a serum cholesterol in the highest quartile, i.e.
      above 7.3 mmol/l, compared with those with levels below, and a three times higher
      incidence for subjects with proteinuria than those without. Non-smokers with a
      serum cholesterol below 7.3 mmol/l and free of any hypertensive organ
      manifestation at entry did not differ significantly in CVD morbidity from a
      normotensive comparison group that was derived from the same population sample.
      These findings in a well-defined population sample show that in spite of
      treatment for hypertension the CVD risk is still substantial if organ damage or
      other risk factors are present. These findings underline the importance of
      multiple risk intervention.

PMID- 4020125
TI  - Mononuclear leucocyte intracellular free calcium--does it correlate with blood
      pressure?
AB  - Abnormalities of calcium binding and calcium transport in cells from hypertensive
      subjects or animals have been previously described. Total cell sodium is reported
      to be increased in white blood cells from hypertensive subjects; thus by analogy
      with Blaustein's proposal for the vascular smooth muscle cell, mononuclear
      leucocyte cytosolic calcium might be increased via a reduction of the Na-Ca
      exchange. Using the fluorescent calcium indicator, quin 2, cytosolic calcium was
      measured in mononuclear leucocytes from 22 hypertensive and 19 normotensive
      subjects. There was no significant difference between the mononuclear leucocyte
      cytosolic calcium level in the two groups. Incubation of the cells with 10(-4) M
      ouabain reduced 86 rubidium (86Rb) uptake by 80% of the control value but failed
      to alter cytosolic calcium. These findings are consistent with a minimal role of
      the Na-Ca exchange in the mononuclear leucocyte and may explain why the cytosolic
      calcium was not increased in hypertension despite the previous reports of
      increased total cell sodium in white blood cells.

PMID- 4020126
TI  - Body composition and its relation to systemic haemodynamics, fluid volume
      partitions and energy utilization in rats with bilateral ventromedial
      hypothalamic lesions.
AB  - Body composition and its relationship with intra-arterial pressure, fluid volume
      partitions and oxygen consumption were studied in male rats four months following
      ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) destruction during the static phase of the
      development of obesity. Compared with sham-operated controls, rats with VMH
      lesions had a greater body weight which was related to an increased body lipid
      content and an elevated arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance. Fluid
      volume distribution was normal and total body oxygen consumption (per unit of
      body weight) was reduced. Bilateral destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus
      was confirmed in each of the rats studied and no relationship could be
      demonstrated between the lesion size and the magnitude of haemodynamic changes.
      It is concluded that the increased arterial pressure observed in obese VMH
      lesioned rats was directly related to an elevated total body lipid content.

PMID- 4020127
TI  - The second Sir George Pickering memorial lecture. What regulates whole body
      autoregulation? Clinical observations.
AB  - The autoregulation theory of essential hypertension states that the
      characteristic haemodynamic derangement of this disease, i.e. increased vascular
      resistance, is a homeostatic response to abnormal sodium retention by the
      kidneys. The postulated relationship between arterial pressure and urinary sodium
      excretion is disturbed in such a way that a higher than normal pressure is
      required for sodium excretion to keep up with intake. This will initially expand
      plasma volume and raise cardiac output. However, hyperperfusion of the tissues
      will ultimately induce vasoconstriction, presumably by greater than normal wash
      out of vasodilator metabolic products. Thus, cardiac output will be restored.
      Some elements of this theory are not supported by current evidence, but the key
      element, i.e. the assumption that increased vascular resistance is somehow
      dependent on abnormal renal sodium handling, is consistent with the following
      clinical observations: Arterial pressure and urinary sodium excretion are
      directly correlated over a wide range of pressures in patients with autonomic
      failure, both acutely during titling and chronically with changes in posture
      during a 24-h period. The failure to demonstrate pressure-natriuresis in normal
      subjects may therefore be related to the amplifying effect of the sympathetic
      nervous system on this mechanism, so that small changes in pressure are capable
      of inducing large changes in sodium excretion. The pressure-natriuresis curve in
      patients with autonomic failure is shifted to higher pressures by administration
      of aldosterone, which is consistent with an important role of renal sodium
      retention in mineralocorticoid hypertension. Measurements of total extracellular
      fluid volume, plasma volume/interstitial fluid volume ratio, transcapillary
      escape rate of serum albumin, cardiac output and arterial pressure at timed
      intervals during the development of hypertension, in patients exposed to
      mineralocorticoid excess, or during the reversal of hypertension in
      nephrectomized patients treated with ultrafiltration haemodialysis, revealed an
      association of increased total peripheral resistance with a reduced plasma
      volume/interstitial fluid volume ratio and an increased transcapillary escape
      rate of serum albumin. This association has also been observed in cross-sectional
      studies of patients with essential hypertension and suggests that part of the
      increase in resistance is located at a post-capillary level. It may be related to
      compression of collapsible venules and veins due to abnormally increased
      interstitial fluid pressure, not only in sodium-dependent secondary forms of
      hypertension but also in essential hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4020128
TI  - Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hyperoxia, hypoxia and hypercapnia in
      the renal hypertensive rabbit: role of carotid body chemoreceptors.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that in renal hypertension the increased peripheral
      vascular resistance of neurogenic origin might be due to a reflex through
      resetting of the carotid body chemoreceptors. The reflex respiratory and
      cardiovascular functions of the carotid bodies were studied in a one-kidney
      wrapped hypertension model in conscious rabbits, and compared with a control
      group of animals, by breathing 100% oxygen, three hypoxic gas mixtures to which
      were added sufficient CO2 to maintain the PaCO2 constant, and 2 and 4% CO2 in 21%
      O2 and N2. In the control state (breathing room air) the renal hypertensive
      animals had a slightly higher respiratory minute volume, a higher level of
      arterial blood pressure and increased calculated systemic vascular resistance,
      compared with the normal group, but there was no difference in cardiac output.
      Hyperoxia had no consistent effect on respiration, heart rate or arterial blood
      pressure. Increasing degrees of isocapnic hypoxia caused the same degree of
      hyperventilation and bradycardia in both groups of animals. The arterial blood
      pressure did not change in either group but there was a transient increase in
      systemic vascular resistance in the renal hypertensives breathing 9 and 7.5% O2.
      The respiratory responses to 2 and 4% CO2 were similar in the two groups of
      animals. In the renal hypertensive animals, serial sections of the carotid bodies
      showed pathological changes, including subendothelial proliferation in vessels
      supplying the carotid bodies with narrowing of their lumens, fragmentation of the
      elastic laminae of the media, hypertrophy of the smooth muscle and extensive
      fibrosis with occasional haemorrhages. The capillaries, however, were normal. The
      rostral-caudal lengths of the carotid bodies were similar in the two groups. In
      view of our findings we conclude that the relatively normal carotid chemoreceptor
      responses in renal hypertensive rabbits may, in part at least, be the result of
      the carotid body blood flow through the partially occluded vessels being
      maintained at near normal levels by the elevated blood pressure.

PMID- 4020129
TI  - Blood pressure measurement in the elderly: correlation of arterial stiffness with
      difference between intra-arterial and cuff pressures.
AB  - Intra-arterial (radial) blood pressure (BP) measurement was compared with the
      indirect cuff method in 55 healthy volunteers aged from 59-80 years (mean 68.6 +/
      5.2 s.d.). On average, the cuff method underestimated systolic BP by 5 mmHg and
      overestimated diastolic BP by 8 mmHg. Cuff measurement underestimated systolic BP
      by greater than 10 mmHg in 17 cases, and by greater than 20 mmHg in three cases.
      The cuff method overestimated diastolic BP by greater than 10 mmHg in nine cases
      (one greater than 20 mmHg) and in two cases the cuff overestimated diastolic BP
      by greater than 30 mmHg, compared with intra-arterial pressures. The differences
      correlated with pulse wave velocity, an index of arterial stiffness. A pulse wave
      velocity index reflecting the entire length from the aortic root to the posterior
      tibial artery (PWVI/ao-pt) gave a correlation (r) of 0.48 (P less than 0.0005)
      with systolic arterial/cuff (A/C) difference, a correlation of 0.43 (P less than
      0.001) with diastolic A/C difference, and a correlation of 0.57 (P less than
      0.00001) with the A/C difference in measurement of mean arterial pressure. A
      positive but weaker correlation was observed between A/C difference and PWVI
      aorta-femoral. Although the pressure differences were not as great in these
      healthy elderly subjects as in previous studies of patients suspected of having
      pseudo-hypertension, caution still appears to be indicated in the interpretation
      of cuff blood pressure measurement in the elderly.

PMID- 4020130
TI  - The measurement of central noradrenergic activity in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats: a comparison of free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol levels with FLA-63
      induced noradrenaline depletion.
AB  - Noradrenergic activity was measured in the brainstem, hypothalamus and thoracic
      spinal cord of male and female spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto
      (WKY) rats at 6 and 28-36 weeks of age. Two techniques were used, measurement of
      a major noradrenaline (NA) metabolite, free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol
      (DHPG), and measurement of the rate of decline in brain NA levels following
      dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibition by FLA-63. There was a good
      correlation between the changes with age in NA turnover measured by the two
      techniques. NA levels and NA turnover measured by both techniques fell with age
      in brainstem and thoracic spinal cord in both SHR and WKY rats. In both strains
      these falls in turnover were associated with increases in blood pressure.
      However, the increase in blood pressure in the SHR was greater than in the WKY,
      even though NA turnover fell to a similar extent in both strains. These data show
      a difference in the pattern of change in NA levels and turnover in the brainstem
      and thoracic spinal cord compared to other brain regions and may therefore be
      related to the development of higher levels of blood pressure in older rats in
      both strains. They do not offer a simple explanation for the much higher blood
      pressures seen at all ages in the SHR.

PMID- 4020131
TI  - Characteristic changes of plasma proteins in the Dahl hypertensive rat strain
      (DS) during the development of hypertension.
AB  - Several recent studies have reported the existence of additional plasma proteins
      in essential hypertensive patients and strains of genetically hypertensive rats.
      The aim of this work was to look for similar changes in a model of salt induced
      hypertension, the Dahl salt sensitive (DS) rat, using the sodium dodecyl sulphate
      (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No additional proteins were found when
      different staining techniques were employed (Coomassie, silver). However, during
      the development of hypertension a characteristic change in the plasma protein
      pattern of DS rats occurred, which could not be detected in the majority of
      normotensive control animals. Treatment with nifedipine inhibited both the
      development of hypertension and this specific change in the plasma proteins, in
      spite of continuous dietary salt loading. It is postulated that the plasma
      protein changes reflect a regulatory phenomenon of hypertension.

PMID- 4020132
TI  - Long-term efficacy of screening for hypertension in a community.
AB  - Screening for hypertension in the community leads to the identification of
      hypertensive people not previously detected, and those detected but inadequately
      treated or not treated at all. The aim of the present study was to assess the
      long-term efficacy of screening for blood pressure control in a general
      population. During 1981, 2139 parents of high school students were invited to our
      institute for a blood pressure measurement; 1533 persons (71.7%) attended the
      screening; 239 of them (15.6%) were found to be hypertensive (diastolic blood
      pressure greater than or equal to 95 mmHg or already receiving antihypertensive
      treatment). Among the hypertensives, 42.3% did not know that they had high blood
      pressure, and only 7.5% had their blood pressure controlled by treatment. After
      being informed about the importance of lowering their blood pressure levels, all
      hypertensives were invited again to the institute for a further evaluation. Two
      hundred and two persons (84.5%) attended the re-examination. Of these, 154
      (76.2%) were still hypertensive. Of the 202, 151 (74.7%) had contacted their
      physicians. The most common advice was to make further measurements of blood
      pressure over a period of time, followed by laboratory tests. The proportion of
      treated hypertensives rose from the initial 33.1% to 53.9%, but in about half the
      patients normalization of blood pressure was not achieved. Physicians tended to
      treat only people with moderate to severe hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4020133
TI  - Characterization of circulating and cutaneous IgA immune complexes in patients
      with dermatitis herpetiformis.
AB  - Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic, blistering skin disease characterized
      in part by deposits of IgA at the dermal-epidermal junction. Eighty-five percent
      of DH patients have granular IgA deposits and have an associated gluten-sensitive
      enteropathy (GSE). In contrast, 15% of DH patients have a linear pattern of IgA
      deposits and no associated intestinal abnormality. Although circulating IgA
      antibodies against skin are not present in these patients, 40% of DH patients do
      have IgA-containing circulating immune complexes (IgA-CIC). The role and origin
      of the cutaneous IgA and the IgA-CIC in patients with DH are unknown; however,
      the association of GSE with the granular IgA deposits suggests that a mucosal
      immune response may be important in the pathogenesis of DH. We have characterized
      the IgA subclass composition of the cutaneous IgA deposits in patients with DH,
      and have isolated and characterized the IgA-CIC from these patients. Twenty-nine
      of 29 patients with DH and granular IgA deposits were found to have only IgA1
      deposits. Ten of 11 patients with linear IgA deposits also had only IgA1
      deposits; one of 11 had IgA2 deposits. Isolated IgA-CIC from the sera of eight
      patients with DH and granular IgA deposits were found to contain both IgA1 (58%
      +/- 5, mean percent of total IgA +/- SEM) and IgA2 (42% +/- 5), as were IgA-CIC
      from two patients with ordinary GSE without cutaneous IgA deposits. The IgA
      subclass composition of the isolated immune complexes was significantly different
      from the serum IgA1 and IgA2 composition (serum IgA1 = 76% +/- 6; IgA2 = 24% +/-
      5, p less than 0.025, Student's t-test), and suggests that the IgA-CIC may arise
      from gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Sequential anti-IgA1 absorption of
      serum which contained IgA-CIC did not remove all the IgA-CIC, suggesting that the
      complexes circulate as separate IgA1 and IgA2 complexes. The finding of IgA1
      alone in the skin of patients with DH suggests that the cutaneous IgA may not
      arise from GALT, or that IgA1, possibly arising in GALT, is preferentially bound
      to DH skin. Because IgA-containing CIC which contain both IgA1 and IgA2 were
      found in the serum of patients with DH and with ordinary GSE, it seems unlikely
      that IgA-containing CIC are responsible for the cutaneous IgA deposits seen in
      DH.

PMID- 4020134
TI  - Immune response to nucleic acid antigens and native DNA by human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes in vitro.
AB  - The immunogenicity of DNA fragments (either oligonucleotide (oligo) or total DNA
      digest) covalently linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (oligo-KLH or DNA-KLH) was
      tested with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 63 systemic lupus
      erythematosus patients (SLE) in vitro. PBL from 10 normal individuals and 11
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients served as controls. Antibodies to three
      nucleic acid antigens (oligo, denatured DNA (d-DNA), and native DNA (n-DNA] were
      assayed in supernatants of cultured lymphoid cells by a sensitive solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay. More than 50% of SLE and RA patient lymphoid cells formed
      spontaneous antibodies to one or several nucleic acid antigens. In contrast, only
      two normals did. After in vitro challenge with oligo-KLH or DNA-KLH, cultured
      lymphocytes of more than 50% of SLE patients formed antibodies to one or several
      nucleic acid antigens. Similar results were obtained in PBL from RA patients. In
      SLE patients, the response to both antigens was either monospecific or
      polyspecific, but DNA-KLH appeared to raise a greater proportion of antibody to n
      DNA than oligo-KLH. A greater proportion of patients with active disease
      responded in vitro compared with those with inactive disease. A mixture of oligo
      together with KLH was not immunogenic in vitro. Oligo-KLH or DNA-KLH did not
      raise antibody to an irrelevant antigen, ovalbumin. Of particular interest, PBL
      from seven of 10 normal subjects formed antibody to n-DNA after challenge in
      vitro with oligo-KLH. The data support the view that DNA fragments could be an
      important immunogen in SLE. Furthermore, this study provides an in vitro model to
      test the tolerogenicity of similar fragments of DNA linked to self carrier
      molecules such as gamma-globulin.

PMID- 4020135
TI  - Longitudinal assessment of immunologic abnormalities of mice with the autosomal
      recessive mutation, "wasted".
AB  - Mice homozygous for the autosomal recessive mutation wasted (wst/wst) undergo a
      progressive wasting beginning at the third week of postnatal life, when body
      weight declines in the mutants. The wst/wst mice do not survive past 30 days of
      age. The present report describes histologic and functional abnormalities in a
      longitudinal analysis (17 to 29 days postpartum) of wst/wst mice. In addition to
      a marked age-dependent decline in wst/wst body weight as well as spleen and
      thymus wet weight to body weight ratios, we have observed a significant decline
      in spleen and thymus cell number in these organs, compared with phenotypically
      normal (+/+ or +/wst) littermates. Histologic analysis of the wst/wst thymus
      revealed marked cortical pyknosis at 23 days of age and significant cortical
      depletion by 26 days postpartum. The wst/wst spleen at 23 days of age and later
      was characterized by a marked reduction in the content of red pulp.
      Lymphoproliferative responsiveness to Con A was markedly altered in the wst/wst
      thymus and spleen, in an age-dependent fashion, compared with normal littermates.
      The wst/wst spleen LPS responsiveness was also markedly altered in an age
      dependent fashion. Hypotheses are presented concerning the possible site(s) of
      gene action in the wst/wst mutant which may mediate the observed morphologic and
      functional abnormalities.

PMID- 4020136
TI  - Phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal macrophages plated on monoclonal antibody-coated
      immune complex-substrates: effects of complexes of different IgG subclasses on Fc
      receptor functions.
AB  - Macrophages plated on immune complex-coated substrates of different mouse IgG
      subclasses were examined for their capacities to phagocytose sheep red blood
      cells (SRBC) coated with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) of various IgG subclasses.
      IgG2a-and IgG2b-coated substrates abrogated macrophage phagocytosis of particles
      coated with any of the four mouse IgG subclasses. These results were confirmed by
      the use of two MAb of each of the IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses, with one of the MAb
      specific for dinitrophenyl groups and the others for SRBC. IgG3-coated substrates
      reduced the macrophage uptake of IgG2a-but not IgG2b-coated particles. Rabbit IgG
      coated substrates ablated the uptake of SRBC coated with all mouse IgG
      subclasses. Resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages showed similar
      phagocytosis reduction when plated on these immune complexes. The phagocytosis of
      complement-coated particles was not affected by these IgG-coated substrates.
      Macrophages plated on both IgG2a-and IgG2b-coated substrates showed reduced
      immunofluorescence staining by an anti-IgG2b Fc receptor (FcR) Ab, 2.4G2 and
      reduced E(IgG2a) and E(IgG2b) binding. The results show that substrates coated
      with various IgG subclasses can abrogate phagocytosis mediated by FcR that do not
      have binding specificity for the substrate-immobilized Fc ligand, and suggest
      that the three classes of mouse FcR co-modulate.

PMID- 4020137
TI  - Disease-associated loss of erythrocyte complement receptors (CR1, C3b receptors)
      in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases involving
      autoantibodies and/or complement activation.
AB  - Although surface membrane density of complement receptor type one (CR1) on
      erythrocytes (E) is probably an inherited trait among normal individuals, recent
      evidence from our laboratories suggests that the reduced number of CR1 per E
      observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) results from
      acquired as well as genetic factors. In the present investigation, the number of
      CR1 per E was quantitated with 125I-monoclonal anti-CR1 and was found to vary
      inversely with disease activity in patients with SLE who were followed serially
      for as long as 14 mo. Although evidence for E surface-bound immune complexes or
      fixed C3b/iC3b was not obtained, periods of disease activity and low amounts of
      CR1 per E correlated with the presence of 100 to 800 molecules per E of fixed
      C3dg fragments (less than 100 C3dg per E in normal subjects). Reduced CR1 and
      excess fixed C3dg on E also were observed in patients with other disorders
      associated with complement activation, including chronic cold agglutinin disease,
      autoimmune hemolytic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), Sjogren's
      syndrome, and mycoplasma pneumonia. A significant negative correlation (r = 
      0.498) between CR1/E and fixed C3dg/E was demonstrable in 255 individual assays
      evaluated by regression analysis. CR1 decreased and fixed C3dg increased during
      active disease; the converse was obtained during remission. In patients with
      active SLE, both serum complement activity and E CR1 decreased, whereas fixed
      C3dg fragments increased. By piecewise linear regression analysis, the appearance
      of 100 to 400 C3dg molecules on patients' E corresponded to a 27 to 60%,
      reduction in the number of CR1 per E (p less than 0.0002), confirming that
      fixation of C3 to E was correlated with a loss of CR1. In patients with PNH, low
      values for CR1 were observed on moderately complement-sensitive PNH type II E in
      association with increased fixed C3 fragments; however, the markedly complement
      sensitive PNH type III E had essentially normal amounts of CR1 and bore little
      fixed C3. The addition of soluble DNA/anti-DNA immune complexes to normal blood
      generated levels of fixed C3dg fragments on E comparable to those observed on E
      from patients with SLE. Kinetic experiments indicated that C3b was fixed to E
      during the process of immune complex binding and release from E CR1, and that
      this fixed C3b was subsequently degraded rapidly to fixed iC3b and more slowly to
      fixed C3dg without the loss of CR1 that occurs in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4020138
TI  - Immune oxidative injury induced in mice exposed to normobaric O2: effects of
      thiol compounds on the splenic cell sulfhydryl content and Con A proliferative
      response.
AB  - In vivo exposure of mice to normobaric O2 depresses the cellular immune response
      by a mechanism that remains unknown. In vitro oxidative injury leads to decreased
      sulfhydryl groups (SH) in lymphocytes. To determine whether in vivo exposure to
      O2 would have similar effects, we measured the SH content in spleen cells both
      from mice that had been exposed to normobaric O2 (O2 SC) and from controls
      exposed to ambient air (Air SC). The SH content of the fresh O2 SC was slightly
      decreased, whereas after 48 hr of culture, the SH content and the proliferative
      response of these cells were found to vary with the type and concentration of
      thiol or disulfide compounds added to the culture medium. Under standard culture
      conditions, i.e., RPMI 1640 medium containing 0.41 mM half-cystine, the SH
      content in O2 SC decreased sharply to about 10 and 20% that of Air SC in the
      absence or presence of Con A (2 micrograms/ml), respectively. Under these culture
      conditions, the proliferative response of O2 SC was 20.5% +/- 3.2 of Air SC. In
      cystine-free RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with various concentrations of L
      cystine, L-cystine and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), L-cysteine, or reduced
      glutathione (GSH), the proliferative response to Con A and the SH content of the
      O2 SC varied in parallel and were correlated (p less than 0.01). Half-cystine
      (0.41 mM) plus 2-ME (5 X 10(-5) M) or L-cysteine alone (4 mM) completely
      protected the SH content of O2 SC and induced a proliferative response 82% +/- 6
      that of the controls. In cystine-free RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with GSH (4
      mM), the SH content and proliferative response of O2 SC were 79 and 67.5% of Air
      SC, respectively. Other concentrations of these compounds were less effective.
      Oxygen scavengers such as SOD, catalase, mannitol, and vitamin E did not protect
      against the decrease of the O2 SC. The induced oxidative cellular damage might be
      related in part to a membrane lipid peroxidative process. These data show that in
      vivo exposure of mice to normobaric O2 induced lesions in splenic cells
      manifested under standard culture conditions by a decrease in both SH content and
      Con A proliferative response. The extent of these alterations could be modulated
      by variations of the thiol environment. Protection of the SH content correlated
      with protection of the proliferative response of the O2 SC.

PMID- 4020139
TI  - Characterization of a C5a receptor on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN).
AB  - Elucidation of the interactions between C5a and granulocytes is central to
      understanding the role of C5a in inflammation. In this study, interactions
      between C5a and PMN have been studied at two levels. Binding of human C5a to
      intact human cells has been characterized by using the radiolabeled ligand 125I
      C5a. Binding is shown to be reversible, saturable, and to reach equilibrium in 60
      to 90 min at 0 degrees C. Results show high affinity C5a binding sites with Kd =
      2 X 10(-9) M and a range of 50,000 to 113,000 binding sites per PMN. These values
      for C5a receptors are comparable with the number of fMLP and LTB4 receptors on
      PMN. Binding of C5a to PMN fails to reach equilibrium at 37 degrees C because
      there is an irreversible loss of available surface receptors caused by an active
      internalization of the ligand-receptor complex. Interactions between C5a and
      human PMN were characterized further by cross-linking experiments, with the use
      of ethylene glycol bis succinimidylsuccinate (EGS). Cross-linking of 125I-C5a to
      intact PMN followed by subcellular fractionation revealed a single radioactive
      band present only in the plasma membrane fraction and visualized by
      autoradiography. Similar experiments resulted in a covalent linkage between 125I
      C5a and a component in the isolated plasma membrane of PMN. The covalent complex
      containing C5a and a putative receptor has been visualized by autoradiography as
      a single 60,000 Mr complex on SDS-PAGE. The complex is not present when
      experiments are performed in the presence of excess unlabeled C5a or in the
      absence of EGS. Therefore, the putative receptor for C5a on human neutrophils is
      estimated to be approximately 48,000 Mr, assuming contribution of 12,000 to
      13,000 daltons by the ligand 125I-C5a.

PMID- 4020140
TI  - Prophylactic immunization against experimental leishmaniasis. IV. Subcutaneous
      immunization prevents the induction of protective immunity against fatal
      Leishmania major infection.
AB  - Durable immunity against fatal L. major infection in genetically susceptible mice
      can be induced by immunization with 150,000-rad irradiated or heat-killed
      promastigotes administered i.v. or to a lesser extent i.p. Conversely,
      subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injections are not only totally
      ineffective but generally increase susceptibility to and enhance the progression
      of the disease, leading to earlier mortality. This detrimental effect is
      particularly evident with lower infecting challenge doses. Disease exacerbation
      is apparent in mice given 4 X s.c. injections of as few as 2 X 10(4) irradiated
      promastigotes, but it appears most potent after doses of 2 X 10(7). When mice
      given 4 X s.c. injections were subsequently immunized i.v. with 2 X 10(7)
      irradiated promastigotes, they failed to develop any evidence of protection
      against infection with 2 X 10(5) promastigotes, whereas mice given i.v.
      immunization alone were strongly protected. Thus, s.c. injections are capable of
      blocking the prophylactic effect of i.v. immunization with irradiated parasites.
      This inhibitory effect can be achieved with a single s.c. injection, although
      rather less potently than with four, and is even effective against four repeated
      weekly i.v. immunizations. Once induced, the effect persists undiminished after
      100 days. A weaker effect is also inducible by s.c. injection given after i.v.
      immunization. The blocking effect of s.c. injection is not dependent on
      continuing viability of the promastigotes, as it can be induced equally readily
      with heat-killed, formalin-fixed, or sonicated parasites. The phenomenon extends
      to mouse strains genetically resistant as well as susceptible to L. major
      infection and, in congenic mice of BALB background, is independent of the major
      histocompatibility (H-2) gene complex.

PMID- 4020141
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: detection by monoclonal antibody of a 22,000-dalton surface
      membrane antigen which may be blocked by host molecules on lung stage parasites.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody M.2 binds to the surface membranes of cercariae and
      developing schistosomula. This antibody was generated from mice immunized with
      membrane-enriched extracts of mechanically transformed schistosomula. The antigen
      detected by M.2 was shown to persist on developing schistosomula for at least 96
      hr post-transformation. M.2 also bound to the surface of living, cultured lung
      worms but not to freshly harvested lung worms. The ability of M.2 to bind to
      cultured lung worms coincided with the loss of host H-2 from the parasite
      surface. The apparent m.w. of the antigen was 22,000; an antigen with the same
      apparent m.w. was immunoprecipitated from cercariae, schistosomula, lung worms,
      and adult worms.

PMID- 4020142
TI  - Immune responses during human Schistosomiasis mansoni. XI. Immunologic status of
      patients with acute infections and after treatment.
AB  - Sixteen patients, 8 to 30 yr of age, with acute (toxemic) phase schistosomiasis
      mansoni were studied immunologically within 2 to 3 mo of their exposure to
      Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, and were monitored after chemotherapy. Total
      leukocyte levels and peripheral blood eosinophilias were higher in these patients
      than in similar individuals with chronic schistosomiasis mansoni. In contrast to
      chronic patients, the eosinophilias of the acute cases were decreased rather than
      elevated upon treatment. Total lymphocyte population (T and B cell) percentages
      were not altered during acute infection. Lymphoid subset (T3+, T4+, and T8+)
      analysis revealed elevated levels of both T4+ and T8+ cells. In vitro blastogenic
      responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMN) to heterogeneous
      schistosome-derived antigens (eggs, SEA; adult worms, AW; and cercariae, CERC)
      were evaluated. SEA responsiveness was considerably higher than that of patients
      with chronic S. mansoni infections. The ratios of SEA to AW responses in acute
      cases gave a mean of 2.0, as opposed to 0.5 for a comparable group of chronically
      infected patients. The sera of most acute patients already contained suppressive
      factors that specifically decreased schistosomal antigen-induced PBMN
      blastogenesis. Chemotherapy of acute cases lead to a diminution of PBMN
      responsiveness to SEA and CERC. Treatment of patients with chronic infections
      lead to the elevation of such responses. PBMN from patients with acute infections
      produced lymphokine leukocyte inhibition factor upon exposure of the cells to SEA
      but not AW. A similar pattern was true for production of the lymphokine activity
      mitogenic factor. Levels of antibody in sera of acutely infected patients against
      SEA, CERC, and AW were considerably higher than levels in sera of chronically
      infected patients matched for age and intensity of their infections. These high
      antibody titers persisted for at least 6 mo after treatment, and were unrelated
      to the intensity of infection. The immunologic status of these patients with
      acute schistosomiasis mansoni differed considerably from patients with chronic
      infections. These findings re-emphasize the immunoregulatory events that
      apparently develop upon continued exposure to schistosomes and their products
      during chronic infection.

PMID- 4020143
TI  - Studies on microcapsules to replace erythrocytes in the passive agglutination
      reaction.
AB  - Two kinds of microcapsules were made from polyurethane and polyurea. Each capsule
      had a mean diameter of 6 microns, a specific gravity of 1.10, and was red in
      color. The capsules were coated with ovalbumin condensed with glutaraldehyde. The
      coated capsules were agglutinated with anti-ovalbumin antibody. The polyurethane
      capsule (positive charge) bound more ovalbumin and showed a higher sensitivity
      than did the polyurea capsule (negative charge) or erythrocytes.

PMID- 4020144
TI  - A new method of iodinating ovalbumin, a protein which lacks accessible tyrosine
      groups, by conjugation to a highly fluorescent coumarin active ester, CASE.
AB  - A simple and efficient method is described to overcome the difficulty in
      radiolabelling ovalbumin and is applicable to any protein. Coumarin-3-acetic acid
      N-OH-succinimidyl ester (CASE) binds directly to ovalbumin in aqueous solution to
      form covalent bonds with free amino groups. The attached CASE residues can then
      be radiolabelled by the chloramine-T method. This offers an inexpensive
      alternative to the Bolton and Hunter reagent with the advantage that CASE is
      fluorescent. This property, apart from direct use as a fluorescent tag, allows
      one to monitor the conjugate before radiolabelling. Below a conjugation ratio of
      9:1, CASE-ovalbumin retained full antigenic identity with ovalbumin.

PMID- 4020145
TI  - A novel method for the detection of variation in solid-phase immobilised antibody
      concentration and its possible application in quality control in immunoassay.
AB  - Variation of solid-phase antibody concentration could give rise to poor intra-
      and interassay precision. A new method to detect this variation is reported.
      Pooled sera with thyroxine (T4) values at the low, medium, and high ranges were
      assayed in duplicate using anti-T4-coated polystyrene beads. The antigen-antibody
      complexes were dissociated with methanol-water mixture and the antibodies re-used
      for subsequent T4 assays in which the same beads were used with the same set of
      standards and pooled sera. A second set of assays using randomised beads after
      each assay-wash cycle were also carried out. The variations in weights and
      surface structures of the beads were also studied. The variation of T4 results of
      group methods using polyethylene glycol in an external quality control program
      was also compared with that of covalently linked solid-phase particulate antibody
      methods over 2 periods. The experimental results showed that there was bead-to
      bead variation of antibody concentration which could give rise to poor precision.
      Rigorous control of the immobilised antibody concentration could further improve
      the assay performance.

PMID- 4020146
TI  - Preparation of monoclonal antibody to sulfatoxygalactosylglycerolipid by in vitro
      immunization with a glycolipid-glass conjugate.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody to the testicular sulfatoxygalactosylglycerolipid has been
      raised following in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes with glycolipid immobilized
      on glass beads by means of a photoactivatable heterobifunctional crosslinking
      agent. The antibody can distinguish between glycerol and sphingosine-based
      sulfoglycolipids.

PMID- 4020147
TI  - Specific immunoglobulin production and enhanced tumorigenicity following ascites
      growth of human hybridomas.
AB  - Human X human hybridomas constructed with the B6 lymphoblastoid clone, which
      produces antitetanus toxoid (TT) antibody, and the lymphoblastoid cell line KR-4
      or human hybrid myeloma KR-12, were adapted to growth as ascites in pristane
      treated BALB/c nude mice by a single prior passage as a solid subcutaneous (s.c.)
      tumor in irradiated nude mice followed by in vitro culture. Both B6 X KR-4 and B6
      X KR-12 hybrids produced anti-TT antibody and phenotypically resembled the
      lymphoblastoid KR-4, or the hybrid myeloma KR-12 parent, respectively. Growth as
      ascites increased the tumorigenicity of both hybrids in nude mice as measured by
      tumor incidence and rate of tumor growth. The observed increase in tumorigenicity
      of these hybrid cells after ascites growth was associated with a substantial loss
      of chromosomes. Passage of the B6 X KR-4 lymphoblastoid hybrid resulted in
      several reversible morphological changes characteristic of myeloma cells. These
      changes correlated with increased human Ig production. These observations provide
      a system for greatly amplifying human monoclonal antibody production.

PMID- 4020148
TI  - Detection and enumeration of monocytes in human blood with peanut agglutinin.
AB  - Binding of peanut agglutinin (PNA) to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells was analyzed on a cell sorter, and compared to the binding of the monocyte
      specific monoclonal antibodies Mac-1 and Leu-M3. Each of the reagents labeled 9
      11% of the mononuclear cells and similar binding patterns were observed. Of the
      PNA+ cells, 67% adhered to plastic petri dishes, whereas 76% of Mac-1+ cells were
      adherent. No competition for binding was observed between PNA and Mac-1 on the
      one hand, or PNA and Leu-M3 on the other. In double staining experiments, about
      10% of the cells, comprising 80% of the monocytes, were PNA+ Leu-M3+. Our results
      show that PNA can serve for the identification and enumeration of monocytes in
      human peripheral blood.

PMID- 4020149
TI  - Fiber optic probe cytometer.
AB  - An optical fiber probe is used to both excite and collect fluorescence from a
      suspension of cells. The configuration of the probe is such that one or a few
      cells are sensed at a time, with a convenient cell concentration. With
      fluorescently labeled antibodies to cellular antigens, the fiber optic cytometer
      is able to identify the presence of a specific set of cells with high
      sensitivity.

PMID- 4020150
TI  - A short-duration polyethylene glycol fusion technique for increasing production
      of monoclonal antibody-secreting hybridomas.
AB  - In this study the exposure period of the lymphocyte-myeloma cell mixture to the
      fusogen was evaluated for its influence upon the yield of total hybridoma
      colonies and those which secreted monoclonal antibodies. Sp2/0 and FOX-NY myeloma
      cells were fused for varying periods with murine splenic lymphocytes immunized
      with sheep red blood cells. The optimal fusion period consisted of adding the
      fusogen (5.0 ml Kodak 1450 PEG, 0.5 ml dimethylsulfoxide, and 4.5 ml of phosphate
      buffered saline, pH 7.0) to the cell mixture over a 45 s period at 37 degrees C.
      The fusion process was stopped by gradually diluting the mixture in 50 ml of RPMI
      1640. After 10 min, the cells were centrifuged, resuspended in selective medium
      with feeder macrophages and cultured. In comparison to common, longer fusion
      techniques, this procedure produces approximately a 5-fold increase in the number
      of hybrids produced when using the Sp2/0 cells and a 30-fold increase in the
      number of hybrids produced when using the FOX-NY cells as the fusion partner. In
      both cases, virtually all the wells contain monoclonal antibody-secreting
      hybridoma colonies. This high efficiency fusion technique can be used most
      advantageously to produce monoclonal antibodies against weak immunogens or to
      reduce the time needed for immunization with stronger immunogens.

PMID- 4020151
TI  - Neutrophil leucocyte chemotaxis: a simplified assay for measuring polarizing
      responses to chemotactic factors.
AB  - A method is described which greatly simplifies the screening of compounds which
      are potentially chemotactic for neutrophil leucocytes. Neutrophils isolated from
      blood by a standardised procedure are greater than 95% spherical in morphology.
      Addition of chemotactic factors in isotropic, non-gradient, concentrations
      induces the spherical shape to become polarized. The degree of polarity depends
      on the concentration of the factor used, as does the percentage of cells which
      become polarised. All compounds which induce a good response in assays measuring
      cell accumulation or orientation in gradients induced a consistent polarizing
      response in non-gradient conditions with the cells held in suspension. The
      advantage of this simplified assay over methods currently in use are discussed.

PMID- 4020152
TI  - Production and characterization of [14C]protein A, a long-lived immunological
      reagent.
AB  - A procedure for the production of [14C]protein A is described which involves
      reductive methylation of lysine residues with [14C]formaldehyde and NaCNBH3. The
      binding of [14C]protein A to IgG is apparently unaltered, as determined by
      competitive binding studies. The use of [14C]protein A may be preferred to that
      of 125I-protein A when a radioactive label with a long half-life is desirable.

PMID- 4020153
TI  - Biochemical aspects of immunotoxin preparation.
AB  - The preparation of immunotoxins, hybrid proteins formed by disulfide bonding an
      antibody and the A-chain of ricin, has been studied in detail. Optimal
      conditions, both for the modification of the antibody and the coupling reaction
      between the modified antibodies and the toxin subunit, have been determined.
      Conditions of time, temperature and stoichiometry studied suggested 2 protocols
      for each of the 2 steps of this preparation. Purification and analysis of the
      physicochemical and biochemical properties of the products yielded well
      characterized agents, likely to be of value in clinical studies.

PMID- 4020154
TI  - [The anterior and transperitoneal approach in the surgery of the kidney and
      ureter].
AB  - Because of the variety of situations encountered in surgery of the kidney and
      ureter, the methods of approach to these organs need to be diversified. In this
      context, the authors discuss the place of the anterior and transperitoneal
      approach, based on a series of 573 cases. Its principal indications are: excision
      of large kidney tumours or pseudo-tumours, conservative treatment of
      hydronephrosis, removal of pelvic calculi, staged operations or operations on
      bilateral lesions, re-operations resulting in secondary nephrectomy or repair of
      the collecting system. The modalities, advantages and disadvantages are discussed
      and the authors stress the complications which may result from opening of the
      peritoneum. Overall, the anterior and transperitoneal approach, in the situations
      in which it is indicated, is an easy and safe operative technique, superior to
      the usual sub-peritoneal approaches. Its results are very satisfactory; they
      should overcome reservations which have surrounded this technique for so long and
      should give it a definite place beside the classical approaches, which
      nevertheless remain supreme.

PMID- 4020155
TI  - [Cystine lithiasis in the adult. Apropos of an isolated case without familial
      antecedents].
AB  - We report on a case of cystinuria in an adult woman without any familial or self
      stone-forming history. The first symptom appeared at 43 years, as an acute renal
      colic caused by an obstructing ureteral calculous. Hence, this case differs from
      the majority in its isolated form of presentation and its uncommon age of
      incidence. Two clinic aspects of cystinuria are emphasized: the precocity of
      recurrence or stone growth without treatment, and the success obtained frequently
      in relapses prevention with prophylactic measures (dietary patterns, urine
      alkalinisation), and continued medical therapy.

PMID- 4020156
TI  - [Priapism through the centuries].
AB  - Priapism is known from egyptian antiquity, but greek doctors give the name of god
      Priape, to this pathology. The physiopathology is controversial, between Pare and
      the authors of Middle age tradition medical. The treatment is at first the use of
      quack medicines, and the Velpeau used surgery.

PMID- 4020158
TI  - A porphyria cutanea tarda-like distribution pattern of porphyrins in plasma,
      hemodialysate, hemofiltrate, and urine of patients on chronic hemodialysis.
AB  - The porphyrin investigations of plasma, dialysate, hemofiltrate, and urine in 50
      chronic renal patients without bullae undergoing hemodialysis imply that a
      hyperporphyria exists. All 50 dialysis patients without blisters had
      significantly elevated plasma porphyrins with a mean of 27.4 micrograms/liter
      (SD: 10.0). Normal values were established in 51 nonporphyric ambulatory patients
      with normal renal function. The mean plasma porphyrin content in this group was
      10.6 micrograms/liter (SD: 1.7). Porphyrin values in dialysates of 41 patients
      with chronic renal failure ranged from 2.6-6.3 micrograms/liter (mean, 3.9
      micrograms/liter) and were much lower than the porphyrin content in hemofiltrates
      of 9 patients which ranged from 10-27 micrograms/liter with a mean of 20
      micrograms/liter. In addition, plasma, hemofiltrate, and urine of 5 dialysis
      patients with blisters and porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) were investigated. The
      plasma values were extremely elevated and exceeded those of PCT patients with
      normal renal function. Whether the dermatologic manifestations of chronic
      hemodialysis can be interpreted as a "forme fruste" of PCT should be subjected to
      further investigations.

PMID- 4020157
TI  - Neoplastic transformation of C3H mouse embryo 10T1/2 cells by 8-methoxypsoralen
      plus UVA radiation.
AB  - The effect of 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA radiation (PUVA) on cell killing and
      induction of transformation was studied in the C3H mouse embryo 10T1/2 cell line.
      Dose-response data for both survival and transformation were obtained as a
      function of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) concentration and UVA dose. PUVA treatment
      caused cell death and induced transformation in a dose-dependent manner.
      Treatment of cells with 8-MOP alone (10 micrograms/ml) or UVA alone (90 J/m2) had
      no effect on either cell killing or transformation. The product of 8-MOP
      concentration and UVA dose calculated at 10% survival and 10(-3) transformation
      frequency levels were quite similar regardless of 8-MOP concentration or UVA
      dose. This suggests that there exists a simple reciprocal relationship between 8
      MOP concentration and UVA dose. Both type II and type III foci induced by PUVA
      treatment were tumorigenic in vivo. These data provide further evidence for the
      carcinogenicity of PUVA treatment. In addition, the system described here could
      serve as a valuable model for studying the relationships between transformation
      and the specific cellular and molecular lesions induced by PUVA treatment.

PMID- 4020159
TI  - Appearance of dark keratinocytes following intracutaneous injection of cholera
      toxin in mouse skin.
AB  - Intracutaneous injection of cholera toxin (CT), exotoxin of Vibrio cholerae,
      induces epidermal hyperplasia in mice, rats, and hamsters. In the work reported
      here we found that, like other hyperplasiogenic compounds such as 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate which are tumor promoters, CT induces dark basal
      keratinocytes (dark cells) in the epidermis of mice. These are distinct from
      other epidermal cells since they contain dense cytoplasm rich in ribosomes and
      tonofilaments. This was demonstrated by electron microscopy and by toluidine blue
      staining of paraffin- or Epon-embedded sections. They comprised 3.1% of
      interfollicular basal cells 24-64 h after injection of 1 ng CT as compared with
      0.5% in saline-injected skin. It was found by autoradiography of paraffin
      sections that about 47.2% of dark cells were labeled with [3H]thymidine at these
      times, while under the same conditions, labeling indices of basal cells were
      about 30% at the peaks. These results are discussed in relation to tumor
      promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis of mouse skin.

PMID- 4020160
TI  - Epidermal cell proliferation in guinea pigs with experimental dermatophytosis.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the self-healing process of experimental
      dermatophytosis produced in guinea pigs by an occlusive method with Trichophyton
      mentagrophytes, epidermal proliferative activity was evaluated by the in vivo
      tritiated thymidine-labeling technique performed at various intervals after the
      first and second infections. Determination of labeling indices disclosed that an
      increased epidermal proliferation correlated well with the severity of
      inflammatory changes, i.e., a peak activity was noted after 10 days in primary
      infection and at 2 days in reinfection, respectively, and was followed by
      subsequent spontaneous lesion clearance after 10 days. Application of a heat
      killed spore suspension produced inflammatory changes with enhanced
      epidermopoiesis, similar to those induced by reinoculation of living spores, only
      in immune animals. The present results indicate that the dermatitic changes
      occurring in experimental dermatophytosis increase epidermopoiesis which
      facilitates elimination of the fungus from the stratum corneum and that host
      immune activity, particularly contact sensitivity to fungal antigen, exerts a
      crucial role to induce these changes.

PMID- 4020162
TI  - Regulation of local subcutaneous blood flow in patients with psoriasis and
      effects of antipsoriatic treatment on subcutaneous blood flow.
AB  - Local regulation of the doubled subcutaneous blood flow (SBF) rates in psoriatic
      lesional skin was studied in 8 patients using a traumatic epicutaneous 133Xe
      labeling washout technique. Venous stasis of 40 mm Hg induced a significant
      reduction in the SBF (-34%, p less than 0.01), i.e., a normal vasoconstrictor
      response. Limb elevation of 40 cm above heart level induced no statistical
      changes in the SBF (p = 0.50), i.e., a normal local autoregulation response. This
      indicates normal, local regulation mechanisms of SBF in psoriasis. In another 8
      patients, the effect on SBF of a 4-week antipsoriatic treatment with tar was
      studied in lesional and symmetrically nonlesional skin areas. One patient was
      clear of psoriasis on day 22, and was followed only to that time. The mean
      pretreatment SBF in lesional skin areas was 3.87 +/- SD 0.78 ml X (100 g X min)
      1, which was not statistically different from measurements on days 3, 7, 14, and
      21 after treatment had started. Between day 21 and day 28, the SBF decreased
      significantly to 3.38 +/- SD 0.78 ml X (100 g X min)-1, p less than 0.05. The
      difference between the pretreatment SBF and SBF at the end of treatment was
      statistically significant, p less than 0.05. The changes in SBF in symmetrically
      nonlesional skin areas were statistically nonsignificant during the period of
      treatment. Pretreatment SBF was 2.60 +/- SD 1.08 (N = 8), and on day 28 was 1.91
      +/- SD 0.74 ml X (100 g X min)-1 (N = 7). However, the tendency of a decreasing
      SBF at the end of treatment was a clear trend, since SBF in 6 of 7 patients
      decreased during the third week and in the patient who was discharged on day 22,
      a decrease in the SBF was observed on days 14 and 21. The week-to-week changes in
      the SBF of lesional and nonlesional skin sites were parallel, r = 0.93, p less
      than 0.02. The decrease in SBF in psoriatics during successful antipsoriatic
      treatment might be a secondary thermoregulatory phenomenon due to a decreasing
      cutaneous blood flow.

PMID- 4020161
TI  - Inhibition of collagen production in scleroderma fibroblast cultures by a
      connective tissue glycoprotein extracted from normal dermis.
AB  - It was shown in a previous paper that a connective tissue glycoprotein (CTGP)
      extracted from normal rabbit dermis was able to inhibit total protein and
      collagen syntheses by normal dermis fibroblast cultures. In the present study,
      the effects of CTGP on scleroderma fibroblasts were investigated. [14C]Proline
      incorporation into total proteins of the supernatant was not significantly
      different from that found in controls. By contrast, the amount of collagen,
      expressed as percentage of total secreted protein, was far higher in scleroderma
      cultures than in normal ones (14.4% +/- 6.0% vs 4.6% +/- 0.9%). Addition of CTGP
      to the medium induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of [14C]proline
      incorporation into proteins from both control and scleroderma cells. In control
      cultures, no significant decrease of the percentage of collagen was observed, but
      over 60 micrograms/ml, both cytotoxic effects and inhibition of protein synthesis
      occurred. In scleroderma cultures, the inhibition was twice as effective on
      collagen as on noncollagen protein synthesis. The inhibition of collagen
      secretion was not related either to changes in collagen hydroxylation or to the
      intracellular catabolism of newly synthesized procollagen.

PMID- 4020163
TI  - Retinoids and cancer.

PMID- 4020164
TI  - Effects of topical retinoic acid on intracutaneously implanted S91 melanoma in
      mice.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that retinoids possess antineoplastic
      properties against melanoma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether
      topically applied retinoic acid could prevent melanoma development in syngeneic
      mice after intracutaneous cell inoculation. Trans-retinoic acid in DMSO was
      applied daily for 28 days after melanoma implantation and tumor growth was
      quantitated by the uptake of [14C]thiouracil, a tracer compound specific for
      melanoma which is incorporated linearly according to the weight of the tumor.
      Marked reduction in tumor growth was noted at the highest concentration (0.1%)
      tested and lesser but significantly decreased tumor growth patterns were also
      realized at lower concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, topically
      applied retinoic acid is capable of inhibiting S91 melanoma growth in vivo.

PMID- 4020165
TI  - Role of solar conditioning in DNA repair response and survival of human epidermal
      keratinocytes following UV irradiation.
AB  - We have investigated the cumulative effects of sunlight exposure upon the
      excision-repair of UV radiation damage to DNA in epidermal keratinocytes from
      human donors of different ages as well as the possible effect on DNA repair of
      periodic conditioning of the cultured keratinocytes with sublethal UV radiation
      exposures. We have also compared the growth properties of UV-irradiated
      keratinocytes derived from habitually sun-exposed and nonexposed areas from the
      bodies of young and aged donors. DNA repair replication in keratinocytes from
      habitually sun-exposed facial skin and the less sun-exposed abdominal skin of
      middle-aged adults was found to be similar, with respect to both the UV dose
      response and the time course of repair after 20 J/m2, 254 nm. Growth and survival
      (after exposure up to 50 J/m2, 254 nm) were greater for keratinocytes from
      protected areas of the upper arm of young donors (under 18 years) than for cells
      from their own sun-exposed areas. Growth and survival were markedly reduced for
      all keratinocyte cultures from aged donors, especially those cultures developed
      from sun-exposed areas. Nevertheless, the DNA repair response to UV radiation was
      similar in all cases. The evident uncoupling of UV sensitivity from DNA repair
      capacity remains to be understood. Our studies confirm that the cumulative effect
      of sunlight exposure indeed contributes to some skin aging processes. However, we
      have found no indication that an overall reduction in capacity for excision
      repair of UV photoproducts in keratinocyte DNA accompanies senescence in human
      skin.

PMID- 4020167
TI  - In vitro phase II trial of recombinant interferon alpha-2 in gastrointestinal
      cancer.
AB  - The antitumor effects of recombinant interferon alpha-2 (rIF) on clonogenic tumor
      cells were investigated in 29 cases of gastrointestinal cancer. An in vitro
      response (greater than or equal to 50% inhibition of tumor colony-forming units)
      was observed in 17% of the tumors, including 2 of 8 pancreatic, 2 of 6 gastric,
      and 1 of 10 colon cancer specimens. The relative efficacy of rIF in tissue
      cultures of pancreatic and gastric tumors was further substantiated by the
      resistance against simultaneously tested single conventional cytostatic drugs.
      Preliminary results of comparative studies of cloned interferon alpha-2 and human
      purified leukocyte interferon (hlIF) in 2 human colon cancer cell lines and 11
      fresh tumor specimens suggest similar trends in terms of colony inhibition in
      individual assays. However, the interpatient differences indicate an overall
      superiority of the natural preparation (P less than 0.02).

PMID- 4020166
TI  - An action spectrum for 8-methoxypsoralen-sensitized inhibition of DNA synthesis
      in vivo.
AB  - The wavelength dependence for 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP)-sensitized inhibition of
      scheduled DNA synthesis was investigated in the epidermis of albino hairless
      mice. Topical (0.1%) applications of 8-MOP followed by exposure to narrow bands
      from a monochromator in the range of 300-380 nm produced a dose-dependent
      inhibition of DNA synthesis. Prior treatment with 8-MOP did not alter the dose
      dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis following exposure to 300 nm and to 310 nm.
      By contrast, DNA synthesis inhibition following exposure to UVA wavelengths was
      seen only after treatment with 8-MOP. An action spectrum, constructed from the
      dose-response regression lines, showed peak effectiveness at 335 nm. Since the
      therapeutic usefulness of psoralen photochemotherapy may be related to inhibition
      of cell proliferation, it is suggested that light sources with peak emission in
      the 335-nm region would be more efficient than the commonly employed UVA
      blacklights.

PMID- 4020168
TI  - [Surgical treatment of tricuspid regurgitation in combined valvular diseases].

PMID- 4020169
TI  - [Systemic-pulmonary artery shunts using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE)
      grafts].

PMID- 4020170
TI  - [Bilateral simultaneous thoracotomy for unilateral spontaneous pneumothorax, with
      special reference to the operative indication considered from its contralateral
      occurrence rate].

PMID- 4020171
TI  - [The role of functional left ventricular morphology in the selection of the
      mitral prosthesis].

PMID- 4020172
TI  - [Evaluation of myocardial protection by coronary vascular resistance].

PMID- 4020173
TI  - [The effects of hematocrit and aortic occlusion time in blood and crystalloid
      cardioplegia solutions].

PMID- 4020174
TI  - [Comparison of three clinical methods of myocardial protection: the efficacy of
      cold blood coronary perfusion combined with cardioplegia].

PMID- 4020175
TI  - [Experimental studies of left heart bypass using the centrifugal blood pump].

PMID- 4020176
TI  - [Long-term results of tricuspid annuloplasty for tricuspid regurgitation with
      acquired mitral valvular disease].

PMID- 4020177
TI  - [Abnormal branching of the left pulmonary artery to the lateral and posterior
      basal segments].

PMID- 4020178
TI  - [Thromboexclusion with single permanent aortic clamp and temporary distal balloon
      occlusion for dissecting aneurysm].

PMID- 4020179
TI  - [A case of patch aortoplasty without flow occlusion].

PMID- 4020180
TI  - [Evaluation of an operative procedure for mitral stenosis--with special attention
      to the pre- and postoperative LV wall motion].

PMID- 4020181
TI  - [Right ventricular volume growth following pulmonary valvotomy in pulmonary
      atresia with intact ventricular septum].

PMID- 4020182
TI  - [Echocardiographic estimation of postoperative left ventricular function in
      congenital heart diseases with right ventricular over-load].

PMID- 4020183
TI  - [A long-term result of tricuspid surgery for acquired tricuspid regurgitation].

PMID- 4020184
TI  - [Characteristics of ventricular volume after Jatene procedure for complete
      transposition of the great arteries].

PMID- 4020185
TI  - [Clinical study of diagnosis of the site of the origin of ventricular tachycardia
      by body surface maps].

PMID- 4020186
TI  - [Nonresective operations for thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms].

PMID- 4020187
TI  - [Pre- and late postoperative assessment of left ventricular function in patients
      with aortic regurgitation].

PMID- 4020188
TI  - [Intraoperative electrophysiological delineation and histological study of the
      conduction system].

PMID- 4020189
TI  - [A case of tricuspid regurgitation due to blunt chest trauma].

PMID- 4020190
TI  - [Successful Jatene's operation for TGA type Taussig-Bing anomaly with straddling
      of the mitral valve].

PMID- 4020191
TI  - [Ball thrombus of the left atrium: a case report of a successful removal].

PMID- 4020192
TI  - [Torsion of the right middle and lower lobes after right upper lobectomy: a case
      report].

PMID- 4020193
TI  - [Major aortopulmonary collateral-pulmonary arterial shunt for pulmonary atresia
      with ventricular septal defect and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries].

PMID- 4020194
TI  - [Experience using the Mobin-Uddin vena cava umbrella filter].

PMID- 4020195
TI  - [A case of Konno method for the infantile type of aortic valvular stenosis].

PMID- 4020196
TI  - [Collection of human oocytes by percutaneous aspiration using ultrasound].
AB  - Ultrasound-guided percutaneous follicular aspiration was performed in 10 patients
      taking part in our in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program,
      in which laparoscopic egg retrieval had been recognized to be difficult, due to
      severe adhesions. Twenty-three follicles with a mean diameter of 23mm were
      aspirated, and 12 oocytes were recovered, giving a success rate of 52% per
      follicle. The overall egg recovery rate was 64% (9/14) per procedure. In 7 cases
      the procedure was carried out under local anesthesia, in 4 cases under
      subarachnoid block, and in the remaining 3 under general anesthesia. Egg recovery
      was better under spinal and general anesthesia (6/7) than local anesthesia (3/7).
      The only complication was a transient hematuria found in one patient. These
      results suggests that ultrasound-guided follicular puncture is useful for
      collecting oocytes in the IVF-ET program, when the routine laparoscopic approach
      is not applicable because of severe pelvic adhesions.

PMID- 4020197
TI  - Immunosuppressive high molecular glycoproteins in ovarian cancer ascites fluids.

PMID- 4020198
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of obstetrical and gynecological magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI)].

PMID- 4020199
TI  - Benign cystic teratoma of ovary containing a homunculus.

PMID- 4020200
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the ectopic endometrial glandular epithelium in five cases of
      adenomyosis--with particular reference to the normal proliferative endometrium
      and endometrial adenocarcinoma].
AB  - Although we encounter endometriosis not infrequently, the exact nature of this
      entity has not yet been determined. In order to study the morphogenesis of this
      disease, we chose the adenomyotic glandular epithelium as distinct ectopic glands
      and examined them in the electronmicroscope, comparing them with the
      proliferative phase of the endometrium and the uterine body adenocarcinoma. Five
      cases were selected from 76 histologically proven cases of adenomyosis at our
      University. Epon blocks were ultrasectioned with a Porter MT II microtome,
      stained with uranium acetate and lead, and observed in a JEM 100 C
      electronmicroscope. The characteristics of adenomyotic glandular epithelium
      compared to the normal proliferative endometrium were: 1) expanded smooth nuclear
      membrane with scattered fine chromatin and zero to one irregularly surfaced
      nucleoli, 2) in cytoplasm, rough ER and free ribosomes are distinct, mitochondria
      are round to oval in shape with moderate irregularity, and microfibrillar
      structures and interdigitations are present in moderate amounts. Although there
      are few similarities to endometrial cancer, these findings would suggest that
      adenomyosis may be an intermediate between the normal proliferative endometrium
      and endometrial cancer.

PMID- 4020201
TI  - [Amniotic fluid 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3)].
AB  - RT3(3,3',5'-triiodothyronine) levels in amniotic fluid and T4(thyroxine),
      T3(triiodothyronine), rT3 and TSH(thyroid-stimulating hormone) levels in maternal
      and cord serum were determined simultaneously by RIA. We also determined the
      activities of the monodeiodination of thyroxine to rT3 in placentas. Amniotic
      fluid rT3 and cord serum rT3 levels decreased, but T4, T3 and TSH levels
      increased with advancing gestational age. The activities of the monodeiodination
      in placentas decreased rapidly from midgestation, preterm to term. In maternal
      hyperthyroidism, amniotic fluid rT3 levels were markedly elevated. Moreover,
      there were significant positive correlations between amniotic fluid rT3 and
      maternal serum rT3 (r = 0.756, p less than 0.001, n = 26) and T4(r = 0.509, p
      less than 0.01, n = 26) in the normal 3rd trimester. We found significant
      correlations between amniotic fluid rT3 and fetal thyroid function as well as the
      activity of the monodeiodination in placenta after 17 weeks' gestation. But we
      couldn't find any such correlations in the 3rd trimester. These data suggest that
      the amniotic fluid rT3 in the 3rd trimester was affected by maternal thyroid
      function as well as fetal thyroid function and the activity of the
      monodeiodination in placenta.

PMID- 4020202
TI  - [Studies on the symptoms of EPH-gestosis patients one month after delivery].
AB  - We investigated 1805 puerperants, after the twenty-fourth-week of pregnancy, who
      delivered from January 1st, 1981 till December 31st, 1982 in our hospital. 271
      pregnancies were diagnosed as EPH-gestosis according to the new diagnostic
      standard in Japan (prevalence 15%). The severer the type of EPH-gestosis that had
      been diagnosed during pregnancy, the more symptoms they showed and the more often
      complications were diagnosed one month after delivery. In mild type as well as in
      severe type EPH-gestosis patients, if they had more than one symptom one month
      after delivery, they were more frequently diagnosed as having complications in
      pregnancy. In addition, those who had one or more symptoms one month after
      delivery often had shown symptoms of EPH-gestosis earlier in pregnancy. There
      were no significant correlations between the symptoms one month after delivery
      and the age of the mother, or between these symptoms and the time of delivery.
      Furthermore there was no significant correlation between these symptoms and the
      frequency of neonatal asphyxia, or the frequency of intrauterine death. These
      data suggest that symptoms one month after delivery of EPH-gestosis have some
      relation to complications in pregnancy.

PMID- 4020203
TI  - [Effect of dopaminergic agents on the endocrine profile in labor and early
      puerperium].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the prolactin (PRL) releasing
      mechanism of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis during labor and early puerperium.
      Ten full-term gravidas during labor and 42 women in early puerperium were
      examined in this study. The plasma PRL levels rose significantly (p less than
      0.001 approximately 0.05) after an intravenous bolus of 10mg metoclopramide
      (MCP). The peak values for PRL increase were 609.3 +/- 194.1ng/ml during labor
      and 447.0 +/- 62.3ng/ml in early puerperium. However, there were no significant
      differences in PRL response to MCP between these two groups. The plasma PRL
      levels dropped significantly (p less than 0.001 approximately 0.01) after an oral
      administration of 2.5mg bromocriptine (BRC), and the PRL release from the
      pituitary by MCP was suppressed significantly (p less than 0.001) by pretreatment
      with BRC in the puerperium. In addition, no significant changes in plasma 17 beta
      estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and cortisol levels could be observed after MCP.
      We concluded that the control mechanism of PRL secretion remained unchanged
      during labor and early puerperium.

PMID- 4020204
TI  - [Reliability of the advice given at genetic counselling: follow-up study].
AB  - A follow up investigation was carried out in order to estimate the reliability of
      the advice given at our genetic counselling clinic. Data were collected mainly by
      questionnaires sent by mail in November, 1983 to 556 clients counselled during
      the period January, 1976 - December, 1982. The outcome of 444 pregnancies for 361
      clients was revealed. They were divided into three groups according to the risks
      estimated and suggested by the counsellors; below 2% (Group I), 2 - 9% (Group II)
      and 10% or more (Group III). The following results were obtained. The incidence
      of those who had not become pregnant following the day of counselling was higher
      in Groups II and III than in Group I. The rate of spontaneous abortion was higher
      in Group III than in Groups I and II. The incidence of pregnancies with children
      affected by birth defects for which the risks were estimated was 1.5% in Group I,
      6.5% in Group II and 26.5% in Group III. Six to nine percent of babies of all
      groups suffered from other diseases such as intrauterine fetal death, congenital
      anomalies, developmental abnormalities or severe infectious diseases. The
      recurrence rate for regular trisomic Down's syndrome was 1.8%. These results
      suggested that the risk estimates and advice were quite reliable and helpful.

PMID- 4020205
TI  - [Study on placental blood flow in late pregnancy by intravenous 99mTc method].
AB  - A method for the continuous recording of uteroplacental blood flow (PBF) in late
      pregnancies by using 99mTc-albumin has been described. The PBF curve of toxemia
      of pregnancy has been plotted to indicate small artery spasm in proving ischemic
      necrosis of placenta. In the PBF of placental insufficiency evidenced by the
      values for urinary E3, an unfavorable build-up and a delayed build-up time were
      observed. The pathologic diagnosis showed condensation, fusion and necrosis of
      villi. In the PBF in which a intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) was caused by
      placental factors, a sudden change in the PBF was observed showing the presence
      of an ischemia. In the PBF of pregnancy with diabetes, a large wave pattern
      change was observed indicating a decrease in the PBF. The pathologic diagnosis
      showed the fusion, hyalinization and necrosis of villi. The PBF wave patterns
      were classified into four kinds: normal pattern, angio-spasm pattern, delayed
      build-up pattern, circulation pattern. It has become clear that these abnormal
      wave patterns are frequently observed in toxemia of pregnancy, placental
      insufficiency and pregnancy with diabetes.

PMID- 4020206
TI  - [The ionic heterogeneity of human prolactin (PRL) from amniotic fluid].
AB  - The ionic heterogeneity of prolactin (PRL) secreted in the human amniotic fluid
      was investigated using new precise chemical techniques. From five liters of
      amniotic fluid, the PRL fractions were purified with 70% ammonium sulfate
      precipitation, ethanol fractionation, desalting by gel filtration on Sephadex G
      25, and ion-exchange chromatography using Mono Q on Fast Protein Liquid
      Chromatography (FPLC). The last FPLC was repeated until homogeneous preparations
      were obtained. Hormonal activity of each fraction was determined with a NIADDK
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit for human PRL. The PRL activity of the finally
      purified component was also assayed by radioreceptor analysis (RRA) using rat
      liver cell membranes as the receptor. From the amniotic fluid, seven components
      of the PRL were eluted at NaCl concentrations from 0.065M to 0.13M in 0.02M Tris
      HCl, pH 8.0. The RRA/RIA values of these seven components were different from
      each other (from 0.32 to 0.97). The lower the NaCl concentrations, the higher the
      RRA/RIA values were. The molecular weight of each component determined by gel
      filtration on TSK-SW 3000 with HPLC, was similar (MW 23,000) corresponding to
      "small-PRL".

PMID- 4020207
TI  - Effect of levamisole on bacterial index in BL and LL leprosy.
AB  - A 150 mg levamisole tablet once in every fortnight along with specific
      antileprosy drugs were administered to ten patients each in BL and LL groups of
      leprosy. A similar number of patients in each group receiving only specific
      antileprosy treatment served as controls. After 11/2 years of study a more
      significant improvement was noted in the bacteriological status in the levamisole
      treated group. Thus, levamisole can be used as an effective adjunct for quicker
      recovery in lepromatous patients.

PMID- 4020208
TI  - Minimum temperature felt as hot (MTH)--a new concept for grading the loss of
      temperature sensation in leprosy patients.
AB  - In order to grade the loss of the temperature sensation in the skin of leprosy
      patients, a newly designed instrument called the Temperature-Sensation-Testing
      and-Grading device has been employed to determine the minimum temperature felt as
      hot (MTH) at the skin area. The MTH in normal subjects was observed to vary from
      one region of the body to another; it was generally higher on the distal parts of
      the extremities compared to the proximal parts; and it was also higher on the
      lower extremities compared to the upper ones. The abdomen and the back generally
      had the lowest values. There were no variations according to age (11-80 years) or
      sex and no differences on symmetrical sites of the body. The MTH value, however,
      showed a dependence on the environmental temperature, the values being lower at
      low environmental temperatures and higher at high environmental temperatures. But
      at the same site and the same environmental temperature, the MTH value was found
      to be almost constant. Different individuals had different MTH values at the same
      body site and even at the same environmental temperature. The unaffected skin of
      leprosy patients showed values comparable to the controls. At the leprosy
      lesions, however, the degree of sensory loss could easily be determined in
      comparison with the MTH at the contralateral/adjoining unaffected skin. Out of 54
      leprosy patients, 7 patients had no sensory loss; in 27 patients the loss varied
      between 1 degree C and 20 degrees C; while in 20 patients the loss was complete-
      they could not perceive even 50 degrees C as hot.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4020209
TI  - Inhibition of antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity by serum from
      lepromatous leprosy patients.
AB  - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and total and alternative pathway
      complement (C) activity were found to be normal in lepromatous leprosy (LL)
      patients in the presence of elevated circulating immune complexes (CIC) measured
      by the 125I-Clq binding assay. Heat inactivation (56 degrees C, 30 min) uncovered
      the ADCC inhibitory activity of LL sera. The effect of C was exerted both by
      interfering with the blocking action of CIC and by recovering ADCC activity of
      CIC-blocked effector cells. Heat inactivation allowed the expression of total and
      alternative C pathway fixing ability of the LL sera. Thus, immune complexes
      potentially able to block Fc receptor-dependent functions or capable of fixing C
      can be detected in LL sera. We postulate that compensatory mechanisms such as
      those described in vitro may contribute to maintain intact ADCC activity in vivo.

PMID- 4020210
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins, including IgG subclasses, in Vietnamese leprosy patients.
AB  - Levels of serum immunoglobulins were measured in healthy Vietnamese and in
      leprosy patients. Healthy Vietnamese had higher levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE
      than did healthy Dutch controls, as well as higher levels of three of the four
      subclasses of IgG (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3). Lepromatous leprosy patients had
      significant increases in all classes and subclasses of immunoglobulins, except
      for IgG2, in comparison with local controls. Tuberculoid leprosy patients had
      more IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 than did local controls and had higher total IgG
      levels. The patients had no increase in autoantibodies against tissue antigens
      compared to local or Dutch controls.

PMID- 4020211
TI  - Muramidase (lysozyme) findings in sural and radial nerve biopsies in leprosy
      patients after varying periods of treatment.
AB  - Using the immunoperoxidase staining method, tissue muramidase (lysozyme) activity
      was studied in 34 nerve biopsies from leprosy patients and compared to findings
      in the skin. In a majority of lepromatous and borderline-lepromatous leprosy
      patients, the enzyme was seen to form a saccular pattern within the cells;
      whereas a granular pattern was found at the tuberculoid end of the leprosy
      spectrum, as well as during reversal reactions. Indeed, the most intense
      enzymatic activity was found in four patients with reversal reactions. Compared
      to the skin, muramidase activity was found to be more intense and persisted
      longer in the nerves. Successful antileprosy treatment reduced the enzymatic
      activity in both the nerves and the skin, but more so in the skin. Schwann cells
      and axons did not show muramidase activity, indicating that the muramidase
      positive cells are not of neuronal origin. Our results suggest that a high
      percentage of mononuclear cells infiltrating the peripheral nerves in leprosy are
      derived from blood monocytes. The function of tissue muramidase in leprosy is not
      yet clear. Its peculiar intracellular distribution pattern in the different forms
      of leprosy, however, warrants further study to elucidate its role in the
      pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 4020212
TI  - Psychosocial stress in Hansen's disease: a comparison with other chronic illness
      patients.
AB  - The present study investigated stress, as measured by a standardized life events
      scale, in Hansen's disease (HD) patients and as compared to renal patients and
      non-illness controls. Statistical analyses indicated that experimental groups
      were well matched on variables of age, sex, and marital status. Regarding
      analyses of the life events scale, significant differences were found across
      groups for negative change scores and total change scores. Post-hoc analyses
      revealed that the outpatient HD group and the renal group were significantly
      different from the non-illness controls. The results are viewed as support for
      the hypothesis that HD patients are similar to other chronic illness groups in
      terms of psychosocial characteristics.

PMID- 4020213
TI  - The patient with sensory loss.
AB  - The psychosocial ramifications of the loss of sensation are subtle and often are
      not perceived. One hundred Hansen's disease patients were interviewed concerning
      their experiences of living with sensory loss on their hands and feet. Their
      responses to the questions may assist medical practitioners in the treatment of
      the effects of the disease.

PMID- 4020214
TI  - Serum enzymatic changes following infection of mice with Mycobacterium
      lepraemurium.
AB  - Mice injected interperitoneally with 1.5 X 10(8) Mycobacterium lepraemurium
      develop progressive visceral alterations that are reflected in the lactic
      dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and glutamate
      oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) levels. The rise in GPT and GOT levels starts
      earlier (about 30 days post-infection) than the rise in LDH activity (about 70
      days), but the latter shows the most impressive increases. Differences between
      infected and control groups, however, reach statistical significance only at 75
      days (LDH), 90 days (GOT), and 150 days (GPT) post-inoculation, still well before
      the appearance of obvious external signs of infection (about 240 days in our
      model). It is suggested that the ratio of enzyme levels in infected to enzyme
      levels in uninfected animals could be taken as a reliable index to follow the
      progress of the infection with M. lepraemurium.

PMID- 4020215
TI  - Biochemical alterations in the serum of armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus)
      infected with Mycobacterium leprae. A preliminary report.
AB  - Armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) were inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae
      isolated from lepromas taken from untreated lepromatous patients or from the
      spleen of an armadillo previously infected with human M. leprae. The effect of
      the infection on the serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline
      phosphatase (AlkP), glutamate-oxalacetate (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate (GPT)
      transaminases was investigated. In general, there was a good correlation between
      positive evidences of infection and alterations in the levels of LDH, GOT, and
      GPT. Although elevations in LDH levels were more striking, elevations in GOT and
      GPT levels were more consistent with the disease. When an absolute increase in
      the total LDH activity was not observed in a M. leprae-infected animal, an
      increase in the level of LDH isozyme V was still clearly evident. Serum levels of
      alkaline phosphatase were not affected by the disease. The ratio GOT/GPT (greater
      than 1.0) in the infected animals reflected and supported the chronic nature of
      the disease and the liver involvement. The enzymatic alterations are not,
      however, specific for leprosy.

PMID- 4020216
TI  - Experimental leprosy in the mangabey (Cercocebus atys): necropsy findings.
AB  - A mangabey monkey (Cercocebus atys) was inoculated intravenously and
      intracutaneously with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) from a mangabey with spontaneously
      acquired leprosy. It developed generalized lepromatous leprosy and died 46 months
      after inoculation. Necropsy revealed severe lepromatous infiltrates in the skin,
      nasal mucosa, peripheral nerves, and testicles. Internal organs were only
      minimally involved. The lesions seen at necropsy were very similar to those seen
      in untreated cases of human lepromatous leprosy. These findings further
      substantiate the mangabey monkey as a suitable animal model for the study of
      lepromatous leprosy.

PMID- 4020217
TI  - Strategy for leprosy control.

PMID- 4020218
TI  - Standardized schemes for steroid treatment in ENL and reversal reactions.

PMID- 4020219
TI  - [Radiographic research on skeletal measurements and morphology of normal hand of
      Japanese. Part One: Adult].
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to develop a standard method of
      recording the bone measurements of the normal hand for use in comparative studies
      of genetic abnormalities of the skeletal system affecting the hand. The data for
      this study are obtained from the radiographs of the hands of normal 461 males and
      565 females aged from 20 to 84 years. Measurements of length and width of all the
      phalanges and metacarpals are recorded. The phalangeal index and metacarpal index
      of each bone are obtained by dividing the length by the width. Frequencies of
      brachymesophalangy of the little finger and brachytelephalangy of the thumb are
      investigated. There are no significant differences between the bone of the right
      and left hand related to hand dominance. The radiographs of the hands of mother
      and son with the Marfan syndrome were compared with normal one. Metacarpal index
      and phalangeal index are useful for diagnosis of the Marfan syndrome.

PMID- 4020220
TI  - [A scanning electron microscopic study of denervated neuromuscular junctions].
AB  - The morphological changes of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) caused by nerve
      transection have been examined by scanning electron microscopy in the peroneus
      longus muscle of the Chinese hamster. The synaptic grooves in the normal NMJs are
      deep labyrinthine depressions partitioned by ridges and contain numerous slit
      like subsynaptic folds. After denervation, the grooves become shallower with
      lower sarcoplasmic ridges, and the subsynaptic area of the muscle fibers
      gradually flattens as a whole. The subsynaptic area shows a plate-like
      sarcoplasmic elevation by 4 weeks and persists as a fusiform focal bulge on the
      atrophied muscle fiber after 4 weeks. Concurrently the subsynaptic folds decrease
      in number and transform into shallow pit-like invaginations. Any subsynaptic
      specialization has not been discernible after 16 weeks. Changes in
      acetylcholinesterase stainability at the NMJs have also been observed by light
      microscopy. No remarkable changes were noted until 4 weeks after denervation,
      thereafter, however, acetylcholine positive area became smaller showing more
      diffuse staining pattern. Atrophied muscle fibers often exhibit longitudinal
      splitting and the satellite cells tend to detach from the muscle surface. These
      evidences suggest a regenerative process which may take place during muscle
      degeneration.

PMID- 4020222
TI  - Biomechanical analysis for osteoarthritis of the ankle.
AB  - The study of three-dimensional model of the human arthritic ankle joint by the
      stress freezing photoelastic technique showed regional increases of stress
      distribution in contact area of the medial side of the talocrural joint and
      medial shift of the stress distribution center in the subtalar joint. From the
      study of the ankle joint in a contact stress analysis under a variety of
      conditions, the possible cause of primary or secondary osteoarthritis is
      discussed, and the joint instability resulting from lateral collateral ligament
      injuries might be one of the major cause of the disease. For the treatment of the
      disease, low tibial osteotomy with ligament plasty is considered to be effective.

PMID- 4020221
TI  - [Morphological study of the epiphyseal cartilage in cartilage matrix deficiency
      (CMD) mouse--a consideration on the roles and functions of cartilage-specific
      proteoglycan].
AB  - Epiphyseal cartilages in mouse with cartilage matrix deficiency due to genetic
      failure to synthesize cartilage-characteristic proteoglycan were examined under
      light and electron microscope. Chondrogenesis and proliferation of chondrocytes
      seemed to occur, though extracellular matrix was small in amount and chondrocytes
      were packed closely without consistent orientation. In diaphysis, hypertrophic
      change of chondrocytes and perichondral ossification were observed. In the
      epiphysis, there was neither zone formation nor column formation, but
      hypertrophic chondrocytes and calcification in matrix were observed in the area
      adjacent to the bone shaft. Electron microscopy showed dilatation of rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, swelling of mitochondria and a large amount of lipid
      deposition in the chondrocyte. In the cartilage matrix, it was characteristic
      that a large number of thick collagen fibrils was arranged in parallel and few
      matrix granule was seen. These findings suggested that cartilage-characteristic
      proteoglycan was not essential for chondrogenesis, proliferation of chondrocytes
      and ossification, but were important for cytodifferentiation and chondrocyte
      activity.

PMID- 4020223
TI  - [Report on the diagnosis and treatment of muscular contracture. The Ad Hoc
      Committee of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association of Muscular Contracture].
AB  - Muscular contracture due to repeated intramuscular injections raised urgent
      questions from the medico-legal standpoint when a large number of children with
      quadriceps contracture was found in Yamanashi Prefecture in 1973. In 1975, the
      Japanese Orthopaedic Association formed an Ad Hoc Committee on Muscular
      Contracture to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of this particular
      condition. Since then, the Committee has studied the symptomatology, diagnosis,
      natural history, orthotic and operative treatment of quadriceps, deltoideus and
      gluteus contractures. The results have been reported annually to the Japanese
      Orthopaedic Association, and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment have been
      made available to its members. Quadriceps contracture can be classified into
      three types: the rectus femoris, vastus, and mixed types. The rectus femoris type
      represents 80 to 90 per cent of cases with quadriceps contracture, while the
      vastus type is quite rare. In both the rectus femoris and mixed types, operative
      treatment is suggested when the knee flexion is limited to 30 degrees or less in
      the prone position. Transverse division of the rectus femoris at the muscle belly
      is the standard operative procedure recommended for the rectus femoris type and
      gives very satisfactory results in most cases. In the mixed type, an additional
      division of the scarred portion of the vasti is needed. The ideal age for such
      procedures is near or after the end of growth. The vastus type is difficult to
      cure, but to improve the condition to a certain extent an operation is suggested
      when the knee flexion is limited to 45 degrees or less in the supine position.
      The operative procedure recommended is either release of the affected vasti at
      their insertion to the patella or Z-lengthening of the common tendon of the
      quadriceps. In deltoideus contracture, the Committee proposed a scoring system
      for evaluating the severity with the grade of abduction contracture and the
      opposite shoulder test as parameters. A score of 5 points or more indicates
      operative treatment. The operative procedure recommended is release of both the
      acromial part and the anterior fibers of the spinal part of the deltoideus. The
      ideal age for this procedure is 12 years or older. A dent produced by the
      operation distal to the acromion, however, has to be regarded as a cosmetic
      complication. To avoid this complication, advancement of the severed fibers of
      the deltoideus from the scapular spine to the acromion is needed. Such an
      advancement procedure is suitable for children of 14 or 15 years of age and
      leaves the natural round contour of the shoulder intact.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 4020224
TI  - [Preparation of the acetabulum to correct severe acetabular deficiency for total
      hip replacement--with special reference to stress distribution of the
      periacetabular region after operation].
AB  - The author analysed the radiological results of eighty-three total hip
      replacements in the patients with severely defective acetabulum secondary to
      congenital hip dysplasias or failed total hip replacements, after an average
      follow-up period of three years, paying particular attention to socket loosening.
      The patients with congenital hip dysplasias were divided into the following four
      groups: Group 1: The sockets were placed above the level of true acetabulum.
      Group 2: The sockets were placed in the true acetabulum with the cement used as a
      filler superolaterally. Group 3: The sockets were placed in the true acetabulum
      with bone grafts. Group 4: Eccentric sockets were placed in the true acetabulum.
      The incidence of radiological loosening of the socket was 50% in the group 1, 13%
      in the group 2, 6% in the group 3 and 75% in the group 4. The patients who
      underwent revision for socket loosening were also divided into two groups, the
      one whose acetabula were reconstructed with bone grafts and the other without
      bone graft. The incidence of radiological loosening of the socket was 28% in the
      group with bone grafts and 72% in the group without bone graft. The major factor
      that may have been responsible for socket loosening in these cases was considered
      to be poor mechanical condition around the socket due to bone deficiency. Two
      dimensional finite element analysis was performed to establish the stresses in
      the periacetabular region after total hip replacement for acetabular deficiency.
      Model variations include, the conventional plastic socket of 44 mm outside, 28 mm
      inside diameter placed in false acetabulum or in high level, (2) in true
      acetabulum using bone cement as a filler, (3) in true acetabulum with bone graft
      and (4) eccentric socket placed in true acetabulum without bone graft. The ratio
      of von Mises stress to yield stress of each element were calculated. The results
      demonstrated that in the periacetabular region, the area superomedial to the
      socket was at high risk in each model. The area in periacetabular bone where the
      ratio of von Mises stress to yield stress was more than 20% was almost the same
      in model (1), (2), (4) and about a half of them in model (3). In conclusion, the
      most effective method to prevent the socket loosening after total hip replacement
      in the patient with deficient acetabulum was considered to reconstruct the new
      spherical acetabulum at anatomical position with bone graft.

PMID- 4020225
TI  - [Another new etiology of vertebral artery insufficiency--a case of dynamic
      entrapment of the vertebral artery by the cervical nerve].
AB  - In the etiology of vertebral artery insufficiency, cervical spondylosis with
      uncal osteophyte, Power's syndrome, A-V malformation and atheromatous narrowing
      have been recognized. We recently experienced a patient with episodic vertigo and
      hyposthenia of the left side of the body on rotational movement of the neck. On
      surgical exploration of the atlanto-axial area of the vertebral artery where
      dynamic constriction of the artery could be observed by angiography, we found
      that the right vertebral artery was entrapped and constricted by the anterior
      branch of the second cervical nerve with fibrous adhesion after injury. With the
      release and resection of the injured nerve, the patient became free of any
      vertigo or hyposthenia. Although this kind of etiology involving entrapment
      constriction of the vertebral artery by the cervical nerve after trauma has not
      been reported at all in the literature, we should always keep this in mind when
      dealing with patients with cervical vertigo after trauma.

PMID- 4020226
TI  - [Calcinosis universalis with hyperphosphataemia--successful treatment with
      phosphorus deprivation].
AB  - Seven year old boy with calcinosis universalis associated with high serum
      phosphorus was reported. Over one year's treatment with aluminum hydroxide up to
      18 grams per day have reduced calcified mass remarkably, while serum phosphorus
      levels were remaining still above the normal range. Concomitant use of probenecid
      seemed to be effective in reducing serum phosphorus levels as well as decreasing
      the calcified mass. Pathogenetic mechanisms of soft tissue calcification in
      calcinosis universalis is not clear, but in this case hyperphosphataemia is
      considered to be one important factor accelerating soft tissue calcification.
      Although hyperphosphataemia associated with tumoral calcinosis has been
      frequently observed, no report is yet available on calcinosis universalis
      associated with hyperphosphataemia. This case might represent one unique type of
      calcinosis.

PMID- 4020227
TI  - [Gait analysis in hemiplegic patients after gait training or surgery of a foot
      deformity].
AB  - The change of gait in stroke patients after gait training or surgery for foot
      deformity was analyzed according to walking cycle and gait speed and cadence by
      means of the accelorometer or the large force plate. The results were summarized
      as follows. Twenty patients receiving gait training. Variation of the stride
      duration decreased gradually on both sides. The stance phase and the double
      support phase had the tendency to demonstrate equal percentage on both sides,
      decreasing in the unaffected side. The percentage values were higher than those
      in the normal person except a few cases. The cadence increased in all cases
      except one. Twenty-two patients following surgery for foot deformities. Walking
      cycle revealed almost the same result as that of cases receiving gait training.
      The percentage of the double support phase in the unaffected side
      characteristically approached that of the affected side after surgery, suggesting
      surgical benefits. Cadence decreased in 7 cases, while gait speed increased in
      all cases. It may come from the wider stride length after surgery.

PMID- 4020228
TI  - [Orthopedic ceramic implant--recent progress].

PMID- 4020229
TI  - English abstracts of proceeding of the Twenty-second Congress of the Japan
      Society for Cancer Therapy. Tokyo, Sep. 26, 27, 28, 1984.

PMID- 4020230
TI  - Deep-freezing and transfer of human embryos.
AB  - Studies on the cryopreservation of 162 four-cell and eight-cell human embryos
      indicate that morphological survival and pregnancies can be achieved by specific
      techniques of freezing and thawing. Survival rates are highest when embryos are
      cooled at 0.3 degrees C/min to -80 degrees C in the presence of 1.5 M
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and thawed at +8 degrees C/min from -80 to +4 degrees C.
      Morphological survival of four-cell and eight-cell human embryos after freezing
      and thawing is not affected by irregularites in blastomere size or the presence
      of small cytoplasmic fragments. Light and electron microscopic examination of
      fixed specimens indicates a good correlation between the appearance of frozen
      thawed embryos at the dissecting microscope level and the extent of cryoinjury.
      Sixty-eight of 136 four-cell and eight-cell embryos (50%) survived with half or
      more of their blastomeres intact when cooled to low temperatures and thawed at
      the rates described. The transfer of these 68 embryos into 45 patients resulted
      in nine pregnancies.

PMID- 4020231
TI  - Analysis of human spermatozoa before and after processing for in vitro
      fertilization.
AB  - Washed incubated spermatozoa processed for in vitro fertilization were compared
      to the spermatozoa from the same unprocessed ejaculate in 31 randomly selected
      normal males (Group 1) and 7 subfertile males (Group 2). In Group 1 there was a
      significant increase in motility (P = 0.001) as well as a significant increase in
      normal morphology (P = 0.001). All categories of morphologically abnormal sperm
      decreased, with a significant decrease in those exhibiting small heads (P =
      0.01), tapered heads (P = 0.01), cytoplasmic droplets (P = 0.001), bent midpieces
      (P = 0.01), or coiled tails (P = 0.02). There was also a significant decrease in
      immature germ cells (P = 0.001) as well as white blood cells (P = 0.02). Group 2
      also showed a significant increase in motility (P = 0.01) and a significant
      increase in normal morphology (P = 0.01). There was a decrease in various
      categories of abnormal sperm, with a significant decrease in sperm with
      cytoplasmic droplets (P = 0.02).

PMID- 4020232
TI  - A comparison of personality characteristics between in vitro fertilization
      patients and other infertile patients.
AB  - Fifty patients of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program were compared to 25
      individuals undergoing fertility investigation other than IVF. Each subject was
      given the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) and a social history interview
      during which behavioral signs of anxiety were noted. The CPI profile indicated
      the IVF subjects to be higher on characteristics of ambitiousness, creativity,
      and independence. No major differences were noted on the interview questions and
      behavioral ratings. Both groups may view IVF as a possible treatment for their
      infertility; however, the IVF patients have certain personality characteristics
      which make them more likely to actually become involved.

PMID- 4020233
TI  - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in Pretoria, South Africa.

PMID- 4020234
TI  - Seminal bacterial pathogens and in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 4020235
TI  - Pregnancy without ovarian function.

PMID- 4020236
TI  - Program for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, Department of Obstetrics
      and Gynecology, University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.

PMID- 4020237
TI  - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: the Johns Hopkins Hospital,
      Baltimore, Maryland.

PMID- 4020238
TI  - Initial experience with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer at the
      University of Calgary/Foothills Hospital.

PMID- 4020239
TI  - Pregnancies following the frozen storage of expanding human blastocysts.
AB  - Human blastocysts were frozen in Earle's solution containing pyruvate and human
      serum, using glycerol as cryoprotectant, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Thawed
      blastocysts were replaced in 11 patients, which resulted in two pregnancies. One
      blastocyst giving a pregnancy was hatching when replaced. Three parameters
      appeared to be important for embryo survival and implantation: the interval
      between ovulation and replacement of the thawed blastocysts, satisfactory
      embryonic development before freezing, and the stage of blastulation when cooling
      began.

PMID- 4020240
TI  - Legal issues raised by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in the United
      States.

PMID- 4020241
TI  - Maternal blood platelet physiology and luteal-phase endocrinology as a means of
      monitoring pre- and postimplantation embryo viability following in vitro
      fertilization.
AB  - The discovery that the fertilized mouse ovum triggers an increased demand for
      platelets and results in thrombocytopenia during the preimplantation phase of
      pregnancy provides a monitor for embryo survival and viability. This paper
      reports a study in which the platelet count was significantly reduced throughout
      the human preimplantation phase of pregnancy and returned to normal following
      embryo implantation. The human embryo was shown to produce a platelet activating
      factor in vitro which caused the reduction in platelet count after embryo
      transfer. This factor in the embryo culture medium could be measured using a
      bioassay which provided a means of assessing embryo viability prior to transfer.
      Some women showed no reduction in platelets after transfer. These embryos failed
      to produce a platelet activating factor in vitro and pregnancy was not
      established. Other women displayed a reduction in platelets following transfer
      but failed to become pregnant. All of these women had elevated luteal-phase
      plasma E2 levels compared to pregnant patients, which may have interfered with
      the implantation process. Our observations provide a possible rapid and simple
      means for monitoring the viability of human embryos cultured in vitro and the
      survival of embryos in utero.

PMID- 4020242
TI  - Heart cells in culture: a model of myocardial iron overload and chelation.
AB  - The effect of iron loading and chelation was studied in heart cell cultures
      obtained from newborn rats. Radioactive iron uptake per 2 X 10(6) cells/24 hr was
      3.8% for 59Fe-transferrin, 15.8% for 59Fe-ferric ammonium citrate (FeAC) at 20
      micrograms Fe/ml in 20% serum, and 37.1% for 59FeAC at 20 micrograms Fe/ml in
      serum-free medium. About one third of the cellular radioactive iron was in
      ferritin and the rest in an insoluble lysosomal fraction. Iron uptake was almost
      completely inhibited by reducing the incubation temperature from 37 degrees C to
      10 degrees C. Intracellular concentrations of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were
      doubled after 15 minutes of iron loading and reached maximal concentrations at 3
      hours. Conversely, iron mobilization by deferoxamine at concentrations ranging
      from 0.025 mmol/L to 0.3 mmol/L resulted in normalization of cellular MDA
      concentrations, in direct proportion to the amounts of iron removed. These
      findings indicate that cultured myocardial cells are able to assimilate large
      amounts of nontransferrin iron and that iron uptake and mobilization are
      associated with striking changes in lipid peroxidation as manifested by the
      respective increase and decrease in cellular MDA concentrations.

PMID- 4020243
TI  - Role of ductular bile water reabsorption in canine bile secretion.
AB  - To quantitate ductular and/or ductal bile water reabsorption and to define its
      role in hepatic bile formation, spontaneous and taurocholate-stimulated bile flow
      and composition were measured in anesthetized dogs postprandially (n = 4) and
      after a 24-hour (n = 4) and a 48-hour (n = 4) fasting period. Spontaneous bile
      flow in fed dogs (0.344 +/- 0.116 microliter/min/gm liver tissue) was
      significantly higher than that in 24-hour (0.179 +/- 0.046 microliter/min/gm) and
      48-hour fasted animals (0.096 +/- 0.085 microliter/min/gm). One 48-hour fasted
      dog was virtually cholestatic (spontaneous bile flow 0.004 microliter/min/gm),
      and another 48-hour fasted animal had a mean bile flow rate as low as 0.036
      microliter/min/gm. Calculated ductular bile water reabsorption (carbon 14
      erythritol biliary clearance minus bile flow) was the same in the three groups of
      animals (0.166 +/- 0.056, 0.208 +/- 0.033, and 0.204 +/- 0.055 microliter/min/gm,
      respectively). Administration of sodium taurocholate (0.5 to 2.0 mumol/min/kg)
      revealed intact canalicular secretory capacity in all dogs, and no change in bile
      water reabsorption rate was observed during choleresis. Bile chloride and
      bicarbonate concentrations during spontaneous secretion were significantly lower
      in 48-hour fasted dogs when compared with fed animals. In the two 48-hour fasted
      dogs with a very low rate of spontaneous bile flow, chloride and bicarbonate
      concentrations in hepatic bile were as low as those seen in gallbladder bile (5
      to 10 mEq/L) and increased during taurocholate choleresis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020244
TI  - Studies on the purification of thrombopoietin from kidney cell culture medium.
AB  - A thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF) has been purified from human
      embryonic kidney (HEK) cell culture medium. In the initial purification step,
      crude HEK cell culture medium was fractionated with saturated ammonium sulfate
      (step I). The proteins precipitated by 40% to 60% and 60% to 80% ammonium sulfate
      saturation increased the percent of sulfur 35 incorporation into platelets of
      assay mice (P less than 0.01). The ammonium sulfate-precipitated proteins that
      contained significant TSF activity were further refined on Sephadex G-75 columns
      (step II). The fraction containing the highest specific activity (greatest 35S
      incorporation into platelets of assay mice per milligram of protein) was further
      purified by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose column chromatography (step III).
      TSF activity was eluted from the columns between 0.3 and 1.0 mol/L NaCl.
      Additional Sephadex chromatography of post-DEAE-chromatographic preparations
      further increased the purity of the TSF (step IV). TSF from this four-step
      procedure was further processed on a DEAE-high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) column (step Va) or size exclusion (SE)-HPLC columns (step Vb). After
      HPLC, the activity was localized in a region corresponding to a retention time of
      6 to 8 minutes for the DEAE-HPLC, but longer times were found after SE-HPLC. TSF
      was further purified by additional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and SE-HPLC (step VI). The final product had significant TSF
      activity and represented a purification of approximately 500,000-fold. It was
      also shown that the isoelectric pH of partially purified TSF was 4.7 and the
      molecular weight of the more highly purified preparation was approximately
      32,000. After extraction by a combination of chromatographic procedures, a single
      homogeneous product was obtained.

PMID- 4020245
TI  - New methods for the release of volatile sulfur compounds from human serum: its
      determination by Tenax trapping and gas chromatography and its application in
      liver diseases.
AB  - New methods are described for the release of sulfur volatiles from human serum or
      whole blood and for its determination by Tenax trapping and gas chromatography by
      use of a specific sulfur detector. Methanethiol (MT) is covalently bound in serum
      in at least two different ways. One fraction of MT is released by addition of
      acid and is covalently bound to a compound with a mol wt less than 500, probably
      as methyl-beta-D-thioglucuronide. Another fraction of MT is released by reaction
      with dithiothreitol and is covalently bound to proteins in a disulfide linkage.
      No significant differences were observed in the protein-bound MT fraction between
      normal individuals and patients with cirrhosis. In contrast, the acid
      hydrolyzable MT fraction was significantly elevated (P less than 0.0001) in the
      group with cirrhosis (0.41 +/- 0.19 mumol/L, mean +/- SD, n = 39) compared with
      the normal group (0.22 +/- 0.04 mumol/L, n = 21). The acid-hydrolyzable MT
      fraction is excreted in the urine. The concentration in normal persons amounted
      to 9 to 37 mumol/L. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) was measured in whole blood. There was
      a close correlation between venous blood DMS concentration and its concentration
      in breath. Dimethyldisulfide was not present in detectable amounts in the blood
      of normal individuals. Ethanethiol was absent in the serum and blood of all
      studied subjects.

PMID- 4020246
TI  - Cerebral acetylcholine and energy metabolism changes in acute ammonia
      intoxication in the lower primate Tupaia glis.
AB  - Ammonia levels are elevated in many patients with hepatic encephalopathy. This
      observation, coupled with animal studies showing an encephalogenic role for
      ammonia, has led to the concept that ammonia is an important toxin in the
      production of neurologic symptoms. Studies in rodents have shown that ammonia
      alters cerebral energy metabolism in the reticular formation, an area important
      in the modulation of consciousness. Our study was undertaken to extend these
      observations to the lower primate Tupaia glis, the tree shrew. The energy
      metabolites glucose, glycogen, lactate, adenosine triphosphate, and
      phosphocreatine were measured in the reticular formation by microanalytic
      techniques and enzymatic cycling. Acetylcholine was measured in brain regions by
      gas chromatography. Acetylcholine levels were increased significantly only in the
      medulla-pons and diencephalon in the coma stage. The energy metabolites glucose,
      glycogen, and phosphocreatine were decreased in reticular formation cells during
      the coma, whereas lactate was increased. During the precoma, glycogen and
      phosphocreatine were decreased. It appears, therefore, that the tree shrew has a
      metabolic response to ammonia similar to that of mice. A lowering of energy
      metabolism in the area of brain-regulating consciousness may act to place the
      animal in a coma. This coma in turn acts to decrease overall metabolic demand,
      which allows the animal an opportunity to conserve its threatened energy
      reserves.

PMID- 4020247
TI  - A randomized blind study comparing standard heparin and a new low molecular
      weight heparinoid in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in dogs.
AB  - Postoperative hemorrhage remains a serious complication in cardiopulmonary bypass
      (CPB) surgery. In our study, alternative anticoagulation with a new low molecular
      weight (LMW) heparinoid (Org 10172) was compared with a standardized heparin
      regimen. A preliminary dose-finding study indicated the minimal effective
      heparinoid dose to be 260 anti-Xa U/kg body weight, which was comparable to the
      standardized heparin regime, as revealed by similar plasma anti-Xa values. The
      following randomized open pilot study in 12 mongrel dogs undergoing CPB showed
      the heparinoid to be as effective as heparin, with an additional advantageous
      decrease in postoperative blood loss in the Org 10172 group. Our randomized blind
      study in 16 mongrel dogs undergoing CPB was performed to confirm previous
      results. Both antithrombotic agents were effective in the prevention of clot
      formation within the extracorporeal circuit. Hematocrit values and erythrocyte
      and platelet counts showed no significant intergroup differences. Post-CPB
      leukocyte counts revealed a significantly more rapid increase in the group given
      heparinoid (P less than 0.05). In the group given heparin, the expected
      prolongations of both the thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin
      time (APTT) were noted, whereas in the group given heparinoid, only a transient
      peak prolongation of the TT after dose administration was revealed, and no
      significant prolongation of the APTT. Mean anti-Xa plasma levels were similar
      during CPB, showing a rapid decrease in the group given heparin on protamine
      administration, as did the APTT. Assessment of the operating field indicated an
      elevated intraoperative blood loss in the group given heparin. Postoperative
      blood loss measured over a period of 2.5 hours after closure of the thorax was
      significantly lower in the group given heparinoid than in the heparinized animals
      (625 +/- 100.0 ml, mean +/- SD, and 806 +/- 178.2 ml, respectively; P less than
      0.05). Our observations suggest that the LMW heparinoid Org 10172 has an
      increased benefit/risk ratio over standard heparin and is effective in CPB in
      dogs. Additional investigations in humans should verify the possibility of use of
      this substance as an alternative means of anticoagulation during CPB in patients
      in whom heparin is relatively contraindicated.

PMID- 4020248
TI  - Ventricular myocardial catecholamines in primates.
AB  - We report myocardial catecholamine levels in primate ventricles assayed by high
      pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The norepinephrine
      content of the left ventricles of 11 monkeys (four rhesus and seven cynomolgus)
      was 1391 +/- 362 ng/gm (+/-SD) with a definite gradient from base (highest) to
      apex (lowest concentration). Dopamine and epinephrine were present in much lower
      concentrations (51.8 +/- 24.5 ng/gm and 59.2 +/- 20.0 ng/gm, respectively), but
      were similarly distributed throughout the left ventricle. There was considerable
      variation in norepinephrine concentration between animals, but the
      dopamine/norepinephrine ratio was very consistent within a given animal,
      averaging 3.7% +/- 1.4%. These values are probably indicative of what normal
      concentrations of catecholamines are likely to be in humans, and provide a basis
      for interpretation of results obtained in disease studies.

PMID- 4020249
TI  - Antihypertensive effect of riboflavin analogues in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - Our study was designed to use the antimineralocorticoid property of the
      riboflavin analogue 7,8-dimethyl-10-(3-chlorobenzyl)isoalloxazine (CBI) to
      investigate the involvement of mineralocorticoids in the hypertension of the
      Kyoto strain of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Dahl salt-sensitive
      (S) rat. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) mildly hypertensive rats were used as controls. The
      administration of the riboflavin antagonist CBI at 5.0 mg/kg body weight twice
      weekly for 7 weeks lowered the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the
      unanesthetized SHR from 188 +/- 7 mm Hg to 148 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.05).
      This was concurrent with a 36% and 11% decrease in iliopsoas muscle Na+
      concentration and water content, respectively. The simultaneous administration of
      CBI and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) reduced the SBP to 126 +/- 4 mm Hg (P less
      than 0.05). There was a profound suppressive effect of CBI on the secondary
      hyperaldosteronism generated by HCTZ (17.6 +/- 4.3 vs. 50.4 +/- 7.2 ng/dl, P less
      than 0.05), which was also reflected in the iliopsoas muscle K+ concentration.
      The effects of CBI on the SBP and iliopsoas muscle Na+ and K+ concentrations of
      age-matched WKY mildly hypertensive control rats were qualitatively similar to
      the effects on the SHR. In contrast to the SHR and the WKY rats, the
      administration of CBI for 8 weeks at 5.0 mg/kg body weight twice weekly to the
      Dahl S rats did not reduce their mean SBP (205 +/- 5 vs. 200 +/- 4 mm Hg, not
      significant). CBI treatment did not significantly decrease iliopsoas muscle Na+
      concentration or water content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020251
TI  - Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents.

PMID- 4020250
TI  - Conversion of atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm during hyperkalemia.

PMID- 4020252
TI  - Evaluation of the Driver Limitation Program in Kentucky 1964-1984.

PMID- 4020253
TI  - Selective indications for subtotal abdominal hysterectomy.

PMID- 4020254
TI  - Bacteriological features and chemotherapy of adult acute purulent otitis media.
AB  - Eighty-eight patients from 16 to 79 years old, with acute purulent otitis media,
      were bacteriologically examined at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of a
      primary care hospital in Tokyo from July 1979 to May 1983. Fifty-six patients
      underwent paracentesis, and 32 patients exhibited otorrhea due to previous
      spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane. Bacteriologic cultures revealed
      the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (62.5 per cent), including S. pneumoniae
      Type III (28.1 per cent), Haemophilus influenzae (10.5 per cent), Staphylococcus
      aureus (11.5 per cent), and Streptococcus pyogenes (7.3 per cent). S. pneumoniae
      Type III had a notably high detection rate in patients from 50 to 79 years old
      (50-75 per cent). Because Haemophilus influenzae was detected at a relatively
      high rate in patients of all ages, if can be considered as a major causative
      pathogen of AOM. In 44 patients, selected mainly from those who underwent
      paracentesis, a comparative study of bacteria found in middle ear fluid and naso
      pharyngeal mucus revealed the same bacteria in 43 out of 44 cases (97.7 per
      cent), indicating the presence of bacterial infection through the auditory canal.
      Antibiotics were selected according to an Expected Efficacy Index (EEI), the
      antibiotic of first choice being Ampicillin or Cefaclor.

PMID- 4020255
TI  - Histochemical study of cartilage autografts in tympanoplasty.
AB  - Histochemical examination of lactic dehydrogenase enzyme activity was used to
      detect the effect of certain factors on the viability of cartilage autografts in
      the middle ear. The study shows that the presence of perichondrium on both sides
      of the strut and placing the lateral end of the strut increase the chance of
      survival of chondrocytes. On the other hand, middle ear infection has a very bad
      effect on the viability of chondrocytes. The length of the strut and the presence
      of silastic film in the middle ear have been found to be unimportant as far as
      the survival of the graft is concerned.

PMID- 4020256
TI  - Endaural cerebral hernia.

PMID- 4020257
TI  - A controlled study of the suppression of tinnitus by lidocaine infusion:
      (relationship of therapeutic effect with serum lidocaine levels).
AB  - The relationship between serum lidocaine levels and tinnitus relief was assessed
      in 5 patients during intermittent intravenous infusions of the drug. Experiments
      were conducted under controlled conditions in that neither the attending
      physician nor the patient was aware of whether active drug or placebo was being
      infused at any particular time. A significant relationship between serum level
      and effect was observed in two patients. In the remaining patients this
      relationship was not readily apparent but there was still a trend for a better
      response to be seen at higher levels. A satisfactory response was generally seen
      at levels above 1 microgram/ml. The results are consistent with the hypothesis
      that the transient nature of the symptomatic relief caused by lidocaine is
      related to the fast clearance of the drug from the body.

PMID- 4020258
TI  - A comparison of the effects of eighth nerve section with lidocaine on tinnitus.
AB  - The success rate of eighth nerve section in abolishing tinnitus is disappointing
      and the results generally unpredictable. A comparison of the effects of a bolus
      intravenous injection of lidocaine with the effects of nerve section is reported:
      it presents some evidence that the response to lidocaine may be of value in
      selecting patients for nerve section, and further it may shed some light on the
      site of action of lidocaine in suppressing tinnitus.

PMID- 4020259
TI  - Electrocochleographic findings and the effects of lidocaine on tinnitus in non
      hearing ears.
AB  - In the preceeding report (Jackson, 1985) the author produced evidence which
      brought into question the widely held view that, in abolishing tinnitus,
      lidocaine was acting 'centrally'. This present investigation is another approach
      to attempt to narrow the site of action of lidocaine in abolishing tinnitus.
      During a four-year period, patients suffering from strictly unilateral tinnitus
      which was referred to, and therefore apparently arising from, an ipsilateral
      'dead' ear, underwent electrocochleography. Additionally, the subjective effect
      on the tinnitus of a bolus injection of lidocaine was recorded. Nine patients
      were available for this study, which appears to show a correlation of the results
      of the electrocochleogram and the effects of the lidocaine injection, although
      the numbers are small.

PMID- 4020260
TI  - Brain stem auditory evoked potentials and blink reflexes in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and the blink reflex (BR) were
      recorded from 50 patients with a wide spectrum of multiple sclerosis, to
      determine whether the combination of the two tests of brain stem function would
      yield a higher rate of abnormality than each test performed alone. Sixty-four per
      cent of patients had a BAEP abnormality and fifty-two per cent had an abnormal
      BR, but when the results were combined, seventy-six per cent were abnormal. The
      blink reflex was abnormal in all patients with symptoms suggestive of trigemino
      facial pathology.

PMID- 4020261
TI  - The use of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap for posterior scalp defects.

PMID- 4020262
TI  - Pseudocysts of the auricle.
AB  - Pseudocyst of the auricle is a distinct clinical entity with certain
      characteristic features. These cysts occur more frequently in Chinese and develop
      spontaneously, without trauma or infection. The cysts contain clear yellow
      coloured fluid. A simple but effective method of treatment is described.

PMID- 4020263
TI  - A case of congenital conductive deafness. An audiometric diagnosis.

PMID- 4020264
TI  - Lightning-induced acoustic rupture of the tympanic membrane: (a report of two
      cases).

PMID- 4020265
TI  - Abscess of the nasal septum complicating isolated acute sphenoiditis.

PMID- 4020266
TI  - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva presenting acutely as a submandibular
      swelling.

PMID- 4020267
TI  - A five-year follow-up of preformed, autologous ossicles in tympanoplasty.

PMID- 4020268
TI  - Nasal fractures in children: influence on the development of the nose.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients between the ages of zero and 16 years, treated for nasal
      fractures during childhood by means of closed reduction, have been subjected to
      follow-up examination after development of the nose has ceased. These patients
      have been compared to a control group of 50 persons without any known nasal
      trauma. No difference was found between the two groups with regard to functional
      complaints, but deviations of the osseous and cartilaginous pyramid, humps and
      saddle formations, as well as spine formations and deviations of the septum, were
      particularly prevalent in the fracture group. Crista formation and angulation
      were found to be equally frequent in both groups. The findings are discussed.

PMID- 4020269
TI  - The importance of nasal fractures during different growth periods of the nose.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients who had sustained nasal fractures during childhood were
      divided into three groups, according to the age at which the fracture had taken
      place. These three groups were based on the normal periods of development of the
      nose. They were compared with regard to possible sequelae after fracture. The
      results are discussed and an example from each group is shown.

PMID- 4020270
TI  - An evaluation and clinical study of severe epistaxis treated by arterial
      ligation.
AB  - Forty-three cases of intractable epistaxis treated by major arterial ligation are
      described, with follow-up in 41 cases of up to 11 years. It would appear that
      this treatment is effective in the control of epistaxis, and there was no
      evidence of any long-term detrimental effect on the nose, or of any significant
      mortality. External carotid artery ligation is advocated in the elderly and
      debilitated case, whilst internal maxillary artery ligation together with
      anterior ethmoidal artery ligation is indicated in the younger age group, or in
      the elective case. Evaluation of the results is discussed together with
      alternative methods of management.

PMID- 4020271
TI  - Reconstruction of the midfacial region after cancer surgery.

PMID- 4020272
TI  - The enigma of post-radiation oedema and residual or recurrent carcinoma of the
      larynx and pyriform fossa.
AB  - Persistence of significant laryngeal oedema following radiotherapy presents the
      surgeon with a diagnostic dilemma. Though the oedema may represent a prolonged
      response to irradiation, the possibility of residual carcinoma must be
      considered. Several authors have commented upon it and have suggested frequent
      biopsies to prove the presence of residual or recurrent neoplasm (Ward et al.,
      1975; Lederman, 1970; Calcaterra et al., 1972). Some reluctance to laryngeal
      biopsy has been exercised to avoid inciting a fulminant perichondritis. However,
      the difficulty of obtaining a positive biopsy in a post-irradiated case is well
      known, and repeated negative biopsies do not exclude the presence of a residual
      tumour. The present paper studies 52 histopathologically proven cases of
      carcinoma of the larynx and laryngopharynx which had received radiotherapy
      earlier. These cases underwent salvage radical surgery on clinical suspicion of
      residual/recurrent tumour, manifested by persistence of significant laryngeal
      oedema and/or fixation of the larynx. No positive biopsies had been obtained
      following radiotherapy.

PMID- 4020273
TI  - The flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope.
AB  - An accurate, reliable, inexpensive and safe method for the examination of the
      upper aero-digestive tract is described. Its efficacy is evaluated
      retrospectively on 250 patients over an 18-month period.

PMID- 4020274
TI  - Flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscopy. Results of 338 consecutive examinations.
AB  - Flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscopy has been shown to be an accurate, reliable,
      inexpensive and safe method of examining the upper aero-digestive tract (Lancer
      and Moir, 1985). The results of 338 consecutive examinations are reported.

PMID- 4020275
TI  - Fibre optic guided nasal intubation--shouldn't we be the experts?
AB  - Difficult intubations are more common in otolaryngological practice than any
      other branch of medicine or surgery. The majority of these are predictable. It is
      the unexpected intubational failure, usually in a patient undergoing treatment
      for an unrelated problem, that results in tragedy. In this paper the indications
      for fibre optic guided intubation are discussed, and the technique described and
      illustrated in a case of pharyngeal obstruction secondary to an epiglottic cyst.
      It is suggested that our expertise to operate within the upper airway should be
      exploited to the advantage of our patients, and of our anaesthetic and surgical
      colleagues.

PMID- 4020276
TI  - The role of fibreoptic nasopharyngoscopy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
AB  - With the introduction of the flexible fibreoptic nasopharyngo-laryngoscope, we
      have a sophisticated instrument for examination of the nasopharynx and larynx. It
      is also useful for obtaining biopsies from the nasopharynx and has many
      advantages over other methods. The most important is that it is possible to take
      biopsies from selected sites under direct visualization and the biopsy results
      are therefore more reliable.

PMID- 4020277
TI  - The role of fibreoptic oesophagogastroscopy in E.N.T. practice.
AB  - Fibreoptic endoscopy has only recently become used as a diagnostic tool for the
      E.N.T. surgeon but it has not been widely used in the investigation of pharyngeal
      disease. During a two-year period at Warwick Hospital 53 patients have undergone
      flexible fibreoptic endoscopy using a gastroscope, with visualization of the
      pharynx, larynx and upper G.I. tract as far as the duodenum. This report
      describes the technique employed, details the endoscopic findings in 53 patients,
      and discusses the indications for the technique and the advantages that it holds
      for the E.N.T. surgeon in the diagnosis and management of pharyngeal disease.

PMID- 4020278
TI  - The out-patient use of the fibrebronchoscope for examining the larynx.
AB  - The fibrebronchoscope has been used as a routine out-patient instrument, in 816
      cases using 2 1/2 per cent cocaine anaesthesia without mishap, the suction
      channel making it ideal for clearing the thick post-irradiation secretions often
      seen in our joint clinic with radiotherapy. Patient tolerance has been excellent,
      many preferring it to mirror examination. I personally prefer the added length of
      the bronchoscope to the shorter nasopharyngoscope, allowing me not to be so close
      to the patient and also allowing me to let them see their own larynx and be
      reassured. The suction channel on the bronchoscope is a great advantage compared
      with the nasopharyngoscope. Video link-up is easily organized. Finally, as most
      District General Hospitals possess a fibrebronchoscope, it is something that can
      be organized with minimal or no cost.

PMID- 4020279
TI  - Strobofibrescopic colour video recording of vocal fold vibration.
AB  - We have designed a system for strobofibrescopic video recordings of vocal fold
      vibration. The system consists of a flexible laryngofibrescope, an improved model
      of laryngo-stroboscope, a colour video-camera, a video printer, a video-recorder
      and a TV monitor set. This system is applicable to most patients, even to
      children and those patients whose larynx is difficult to visualize.

PMID- 4020280
TI  - Laryngostroboscopic observations by means of inferior glottoscopy.

PMID- 4020281
TI  - Benign necrotizing osteitis of the external auditory meatus.

PMID- 4020282
TI  - A benign middle-ear adenoma producing facial paralysis.

PMID- 4020283
TI  - Polypoid lymphangioma of the tonsil: report of two cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Benign tumours of the tonsils are uncommon. Among them, lymphangiomas are rare,
      and only six well-documented cases have been previously reported. We present two
      additional cases with review of the literature.

PMID- 4020284
TI  - The learning disabled child: a retrospective review.

PMID- 4020285
TI  - A multi-option program for learning basic addition facts: case studies and an
      experimental report.

PMID- 4020286
TI  - Cognitive strategies of children with reading disability and normal readers in
      visual sequential memory.

PMID- 4020287
TI  - Conservation and mathematics achievement in the learning disabled child.

PMID- 4020288
TI  - The relationship of perceptual-motor development to learning readiness in
      kindergarten: a multivariate analysis.

PMID- 4020289
TI  - Prior history of learning disabilities in Reye's syndrome survivors.

PMID- 4020290
TI  - The kids-in-between: some solutions.

PMID- 4020291
TI  - A mainstreaming program that really works.

PMID- 4020292
TI  - Adapting teacher-made tests for mainstreamed students.

PMID- 4020293
TI  - Heterogeneity of dog interstitial fluid (peripheral lymph) high density
      lipoproteins: implications for a role in reverse cholesterol transport.
AB  - The heterogeneity of dog interstitial fluid (peripheral lymph) high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) was investigated and compared to plasma HDL. Interstitial fluid
      and plasma HDL of normal and cholesterol-fed dogs was subfractionated by
      ultracentrifugation and affinity and molecular weight sieving chromatography.
      Both plasma (P) and interstitial fluid (L) HDL can be subfractionated into a
      larger fraction (P-I and L-I) and a smaller one (P-II and L-II). Cholesterol
      feeding induces a large increase in the P-I and L-I component of HDL, but the
      increase in L-I is far greater in proportion than that of P-I. Furthermore, L-I
      of cholesterol-fed dogs appears to be almost exclusively discoid in shape, while
      only approximately 15% of particles in P-I are discoidal. The discoid HDL of L-I
      is reflected in its chemical composition: 28% unesterified cholesterol, 6%
      cholesteryl ester, 45% phospholipid, and 21% protein. It contains large amounts
      of apoE in addition to apoA-I and apoA-IV. We found that the association of apoE
      with discoid particles is frequent, but not necessary. Calculations based on
      known protein mass and quantitation of discoid particles on electron micrographs
      suggest that the concentration of discoid particles in the peripheral lymph of
      cholesterol-fed dogs is about fourfold that of the plasma of the same animal.
      These findings provide strong circumstantial evidence for the peripheral
      formation of discoid HDL, perhaps as an early event in reverse cholesterol
      transport.

PMID- 4020294
TI  - Inhibitory effects of C apolipoproteins from rats and humans on the uptake of
      triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants by the perfused rat liver.
AB  - Like rat C apolipoproteins, each of the C apolipoproteins from human blood plasma
      (C-I, C-II, C-III-1, and C-III-2) bound to small chylomicrons from mesenteric
      lymph of estradiol-treated rats and inhibited their uptake by the isolated
      perfused rat liver. This inhibitory effect of the C apolipoproteins was
      independent of apolipoprotein E, which is present only in trace amounts in these
      chylomicrons. Addition of rat apolipoprotein E to small chylomicrons from
      mesenteric lymph of normal rats did not displace C apolipoproteins and had no
      effect on the uptake of these particles by the perfused liver, indicating that an
      increased ratio of E apolipoproteins to C apolipoproteins on chylomicron
      particles, unaccompanied by depletion of the latter, may not promote recognition
      by the chylomicron remnant receptor. The hepatic uptake of remnants of rat
      hepatic very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and small chylomicrons, which had
      been produced in functionally eviscerated rats, was also inhibited by addition of
      C apolipoproteins. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the
      addition of all of the C apolipoproteins to newly secreted chylomicrons and VLDL
      inhibits premature uptake of these particles by the liver and that depletion of
      all of these apolipoproteins from remnant particles facilitates their hepatic
      uptake. Remnants of chylomicrons and VLDL incubated with rat C apolipoproteins
      efficiently took up C-III apolipoproteins, but not apolipoprotein C-II (the
      activator protein for lipoprotein lipase). Preferential loss of apolipoprotein C
      II during remnant formation may regulate the termination of triglyceride
      hydrolysis prior to complete removal of triglycerides from chylomicrons and VLDL.

PMID- 4020295
TI  - Studies of low density lipoprotein molecular weight in human beings with coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - Low density lipoprotein molecular weight (LDL MW) correlates positively with
      coronary artery disease in cholesterol-fed nonhuman primates. To evaluate this in
      human beings with coronary artery disease (CAD) we measured LDL MW in 93
      volunteers undergoing coronary angiography (47 controls and 46 CAD patients). LDL
      MW of CAD patients was less than that of controls (patients, 2.79 +/- 0.17
      g/mumol; controls, 2.93 +/- 0.19 g/mumol; P less than 0.001). However, LDL MW
      decreased as plasma triglyceride increased and concentrations of triglyceride
      were greater in CAD patients than in controls. Since decreased LDL MW is likely
      to result, in part, from increased plasma triglyceride concentrations, we
      attempted to determine the effect of triglyceride on the relation of LDL MW to
      CAD in this study. After covariance adjustment for triglyceride, there was no LDL
      MW difference between CAD patients and controls. Because LDL heterogeneity has
      been identified in other studies and was apparent on inspection of agarose column
      profiles of LDL of these volunteers, we sought differences in the profiles that
      might distinguish coronary disease cases from controls. No differences could be
      found. In addition, we used density gradient ultracentrifugation to characterize
      LDL in more detail in a subset of volunteers who had a wide range of plasma
      triglyceride concentrations (50 mg/dl to 900 mg/dl). LDL mean hydrated density
      was inversely related to LDL MW and increased as triglyceride increased. The
      increase in peak density was reflected in an increase in percent of total protein
      in LDL found to have d greater than 1.045 g/ml and a decrease in protein in LDL
      of d 1.035-1.040 g/ml. These interrelationships were not apparently influenced by
      coronary artery status.

PMID- 4020296
TI  - Excretion of cholate glucuronide.
AB  - [3-3H]Cholic acid glucuronide [7 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-3 alpha-O-(beta-D
      glucopyranosyluronate)-5 beta- cholan-24-oate] was synthesized and administered
      to rats prepared with either an external biliary fistula or a ligated bile duct.
      When bile fistula animals were given either microgram or milligram amounts of the
      glucuronide, biliary secretion of label was rapid and efficient: greater than 90%
      of the administered label was secreted within 60 min and total recovery of label
      in bile was 98.6 +/- 1.2%. Studies in which [14C]taurocholate was included in the
      dose indicated that this bile acid was secreted into bile significantly more
      rapidly than was the glucuronide. In animals with ligated bile ducts, urinary
      excretion was the major route of elimination: after 20 hr, 83.4 +/- 9.3% of the
      administered dose had been excreted in urine. Urinary excretion of cholate
      glucuronide was significantly more rapid than that of taurocholate. Gas-liquid
      chromatographic analysis of the methyl ester acetate derivatives of labeled
      compounds isolated from bile and urine by chromatography established that the
      bulk (greater than 70%) of the administered material was secreted in bile or
      excreted in urine as the intact cholate glucuronide. From these results, we
      conclude that the glucuronidation of cholic acid produces a derivative which is
      rapidly and effectively cleared from the circulation and excreted.

PMID- 4020297
TI  - Biosynthesis of neutral glycosphingolipids in kidney slices from male and female
      mice.
AB  - Previous reports from our laboratory (1981. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 13112-13120 and
      1983. Endocrinology. 113: 251-258) showed the absence of Nfa-GalCer and Nfa
      GaOse2Cer in kidneys of several strains of female mice. These lipids are always
      present in male kidneys and several other glycolipids are also elevated in males.
      To test whether this phenomenon is due to lowered biosynthesis in females,
      glycosphingolipid formation was assessed in kidney slices with [3H]galactose as
      precursor. The glycolipids were extracted after various incubation periods (from
      30 min to 90 min) and individual glycolipids were separated and quantitated by
      high performance liquid chromatography and radioactivity was determined. The rate
      of formation of hydroxy fatty acid-containing galactosylceramide was the same in
      both sexes. The glycolipids which were low or not detectable in female kidney,
      Nfa-GalCer, Nfa-GaOse2Cer and Hfa-GaOse2Cer were rapidly labeled in the male
      kidney slices. These results suggest that nonhydroxy fatty acid-containing
      ceramide:UDP-Gal galactosyltransferase and hydroxy fatty acid-containing
      galactosylceramide:UDP-Gal galactosyltransferase have elevated activities in
      males. While the glucosylceramides are labeled at the same rates in both sexes,
      lactosylceramide appears to be labeled at higher rates in the male tissue. This
      suggests that glucosylceramide:UDP-Gal galactosyltransferase also has elevated
      activity in males. In addition, these data show that monohexosylceramides with
      different ceramide compositions are labeled at different rates.

PMID- 4020298
TI  - Membrane cholesterol and phospholipid in consecutive concentric sections of human
      lenses.
AB  - Lens membrane preparations have been shown to have a remarkable rigidity which
      increases in the inner nuclear region of the lens and has been correlated with
      the cholesterol (C)/phospholipid (PL) ratio. However, the distribution of these
      lipids in single lenses had not been determined. Utilizing a new technique for
      isolating consecutive layers of a human lens, lipid composition and contents of
      seven pairs of normal lenses from subjects ranging from 54 to 77 years old have
      been analyzed. It was found that the PL content remains relatively constant at 22
      24 micrograms/mg through all but the nuclear 10-15% of the lens dry weight where
      it drops precipitously to about 7 micrograms/mg. The C distribution is more
      complex; the C content is at a low level of 14 micrograms/mg in the outer
      cortical 15-20%, rises to 25 micrograms/mg in the inner cortical 40-60% of the
      total lens weight, and drops to 12 micrograms/mg upon reaching the nucleus. Thus,
      the continuous increase in the lens C/PL ratio is due to the increase in C in the
      cortex and the large decrease in PL in the nucleus. Analyses of phospholipid and
      fatty acid composition in the different regions of the lens indicate significant
      differences. However, the abundance of mono-unsaturated fatty acids contributing
      to the rigidity of the membrane has only minor variation. The lens has a
      remarkably low overall lipid content of 4% and only 2% in the nuclear region.
      Calculation of the surface area of the nuclear fiber cell suggests that less than
      one-third of the membrane is made of PL bilayer. Thus, a mosaic of PL and C
      patches or some other type of structure involving membrane fusion must be
      present. Conversion of the % dry weight occupied by the concentric fiber
      fractions to their location on the lens axis in mm indicates that the nuclear 15%
      dry weight of the tissue occupies more than 50% of the axial length. This region
      contains the embryonic lens and the primary lens fibers. Similarly, the
      metabolically active outer 20% of the dry weight accounts for less than 10% of
      the visual axial length and contains cells undergoing terminal differentiation.
      Cataractous lenses have lipid distributions similar to those of the normal lenses
      suggesting that membrane lipid is either not involved in cataract formation or
      that the primary insult is localized in an undetectable small number of fiber
      cells.

PMID- 4020299
TI  - Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase from Clostridium butyricum.
AB  - Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity has been characterized in membrane
      preparations from Clostridium butyricum ATCC 19398. A particulate fraction was
      shown to catalyze the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine and
      plasmenylethanolamine when vesicles containing phosphatidylserine and
      plasmenylserine were used as substrate. No plasmenylethanolamine was formed when
      phosphatidylserine alone was used as substrate. The activity with
      phosphatidylserine was activated by divalent cations and was optimal under
      anaerobic conditions. Ionic detergents inhibited phosphatidylethanolamine
      formation strongly and nonionic detergents inhibited partially. In the presence
      of Triton X-100, phosphate from [32P]phosphatidylserine appeared in three
      unidentified lipid products, in addition to phosphatidylethanolamine. The
      formation of these products was time- and Triton X-100 concentration-dependent.
      Hydroxylamine inhibited phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, but did not prevent the
      reactions stimulated by Triton X-100.

PMID- 4020300
TI  - Activities of serine palmitoyltransferase (3-ketosphinganine synthase) in
      microsomes from different rat tissues.
AB  - Serine palmitoyltransferase [EC 2.3.1.50] catalyzes the first unique reaction of
      sphingolipid biosynthesis. To determine whether or not different rat tissues are
      capable of initiating this pathway, its activity was determined for microsomes
      from rat liver, lung, brain, kidney, intestine, spleen, muscle, heart, pancreas,
      testes, ovary, and stomach. Serine palmitoyltransferase was found in every
      tissue, and, when compared to the microsomal glycerol 3-phosphate
      acyltransferase, the activities correlated directly with their sphingomyelin
      levels as a percentage of total phospholipids. This suggests that the activities
      were comparable to expected cellular needs for long-chain bases, if the initial
      enzymes of glycerolipid and sphingolipid biosynthesis influence the phospholipid
      composition of cells by determining the relative partitioning of fatty acyl-CoA's
      toward these two lipid classes. Serine palmitoyltransferase activities were also
      determined using different fatty acyl-CoA's and were consistently greatest with
      CoA thioesters of saturated fatty acids with 16 +/- 1 carbon atoms. This suggests
      that the predominance of 18-carbon long-chain bases in vivo is due to the higher
      activity of this enzyme with palmitoyl-CoA. Together, these findings indicate a
      role for serine palmitoyltransferase in regulating both the type and amount of
      long-chain bases found in tissues.

PMID- 4020301
TI  - Synthesis of phosphatidylcholine analogs with an alkyl group at C1 or C3 of the
      glycerol moiety.
AB  - The syntheses of 1,2-di-(O-hexadecyl)-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholines containing a
      methyl group at either C1 or C3 of the glycerol moiety are described. The methyl
      group was introduced at C1 in a synthetic scheme beginning with the hydroxylation
      of methyl vinyl ketone. The primary hydroxyl was protected by tritylation and the
      carbonyl group was reduced with sodium borohydride. Di-O-alkylation with 1
      bromohexadecane was accomplished using finely powdered potassium hydroxide in
      refluxing toluene. Detritylation afforded two diastereomers of 2,3-di-(1
      hexadecyloxy)butanol. Reaction with the simple phosphorylating agent,
      dimethylphosphoryl chloride (Bittman, R., A. F. Rosenthal, and L. A. Vargas.
      1984. Chem. Phys. Lipids. 34: 201-205), followed by conversion to the
      phosphatidic acid and condensation with choline tosylate in the presence of
      trichloroacetonitrile afforded the diastereomers of 1-methyl-1,2-di-(O-hexadecyl)
      rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The analog bearing a methyl group at C3 was
      prepared in a synthetic scheme beginning with the hydroxylation of acrolein
      dimethyl acetal. After di-O-alkylation with 1-bromohexadecane and sodium hydride
      in dimethyl sulfoxide/toluene, the acetal was converted to the aldehyde. Reaction
      with methylmagnesium bromide afforded the diastereomers of 1,2-di-(1
      hexadecyloxy)-3-butanol, which were converted to the phosphocholine derivatives.
      These diether phosphatidylcholine analogs may be useful for investigating the
      effect of steric bulk at C1 and C3 of the glycerol moiety on the interactions
      with membrane components.

PMID- 4020302
TI  - Semi-synthetic approach for the preparation of homogeneous plasmenylethanolamine
      utilizing phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus.
AB  - A simple method for the preparation of homogeneous molecular species of
      plasmenylcholine and plasmenylethanolamine was developed. The method utilized
      reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography to isolate homogeneous
      molecular species of plasmenylcholine prepared by acylation of
      lysoplasmenylcholine. Plasmenylcholine was directly converted to
      plasmenylethanolamine by transphosphatidylation utilizing phospholipase D from
      Streptomyces chromofuscus. This method permits the facile labeling of homogeneous
      molecular species of plasmalogens in the polar head group, the sn-2 acyl chain,
      or both, for the first time.

PMID- 4020303
TI  - Isolation and purification of cardiolipin from beef heart.
AB  - A simple and efficient procedure is described for the preparation of cardiolipin
      sodium salt from beef heart. A crude phospholipid fraction is isolated by
      chloroform-methanol extraction of the homogenized tissue, followed by acetone
      precipitation and reprecipitation in 4% aqueous CaCl2-methanol. Cardiolipin is
      separated from the calcium salts of the acidic phospholipids by partition column
      chromatography on silica gel (Polygosil 60-63100) using 2-propanol-cyclohexane
      water 50:43:7 (v/v/v) as eluent. Further purification of the cardiolipin is
      achieved by high performance liquid chromatography of the calcium salt on silica
      gel (Lichrosorb Si 60-5) with a neutral eluent (2-propanol-cyclohexane-water
      45:50:5 (v/v/v], followed by quantitative conversion to the sodium salt. The
      yield of this procedure is 1.5-2.1 g of pure 99% sodium salt of cardiolipin per
      kg of moist ventricular tissue.

PMID- 4020305
TI  - Global asymptotic stability of the size distribution in probabilistic models of
      the cell cycle.
AB  - Probabilistic models of the cell cycle maintain that cell generation time is a
      random variable given by some distribution function, and that the probability of
      cell division per unit time is a function only of cell age (and not, for
      instance, of cell size). Given the probability density, f(t), for time spent in
      the random compartment of the cell cycle, we derive a recursion relation for psi
      n(x), the probability density for cell size at birth in a sample of cells in
      generation n. For the case of exponential growth of cells, the recursion relation
      has no steady-state solution. For the case of linear cell growth, we show that
      there exists a unique, globally asymptotically stable, steady-state birth size
      distribution, psi*(x). For the special case of the transition probability model,
      we display psi*(x) explicitly.

PMID- 4020304
TI  - A symmetric two locus model with viability and fertility selection.
AB  - A two locus deterministic population genetic model is analysed. One locus is
      under viability selection, the other under fertility selection with both forms of
      selection completely symmetric. It is shown that linkage equilibrium may occur at
      two different equilibrium points. For a two-locus polymorphism to be stable, it
      is necessary that the viability locus be overdominant but not necessary that the
      fertility locus, considered separately, be able to support a stable polymorphism.
      The overlaps in stability are not as complex as under two locus symmetric
      fertilities, but considerably more complex than with symmetric viabilities.
      Extensions of the analysis for the central linkage equilibrium point with
      multiple viability and fertility loci are indicated.

PMID- 4020306
TI  - Evaluation of radionuclide scintigraphy in intracranial abscess.

PMID- 4020307
TI  - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of orbital lesions.

PMID- 4020309
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with antacid aspiration: a case
      report.

PMID- 4020308
TI  - Tuberculous myocarditis: a report of two cases.

PMID- 4020310
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome, a case report in childhood.

PMID- 4020311
TI  - Antioestrogen inhibition of oestradiol-induced alterations in hypothalamic
      noradrenaline turnover.
AB  - Long-term (4-6 weeks) ovariectomized rats were injected with either oestradiol
      benzoate (OB; 20 micrograms s.c.) or monohydroxytamoxifen (MTAM; 0.2 mg i.p.)
      plus OB. Oestradiol benzoate was administered at 12.00 h on day 0 and MTAM was
      given immediately before OB, followed by further injections twice daily to
      maintain sufficiently high antioestrogen levels. When given alone, OB reduced the
      serum levels of LH during the morning (08.00-09.00 h) and afternoon (17.30-18.30
      h) hours of day 3 after priming. The feedback actions of OB on LH release were
      accompanied by time-dependent alterations of noradrenaline turnover in the
      preoptic-anterior hypothalamic brain area (POAH). On day 3 after priming the
      noradrenaline turnover rate was reduced in the morning and increased in the
      afternoon. The increase correlated with an enhanced sensitivity of the LH
      secretory system to progesterone. The antioestrogen MTAM blocked the OB-induced
      sensitization of LH release to the stimulatory action of progesterone and
      interfered with the stimulatory long-term effect of oestradiol on hypothalamic
      noradrenaline turnover. The data strongly support the view that the oestrogen
      induced afternoon increase of noradrenaline turnover in the POAH represents a
      prerequisite for the induction of LH surges. The stimulatory effect of oestradiol
      on hypothalamic noradrenaline turnover seems to be mediated by a classical
      oestrogen receptor mechanism.

PMID- 4020312
TI  - Precocious ovulation induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin in the immature
      female rat: comparison of follicle growth induced by treatment with human
      chorionic gonadotrophin and by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus.
AB  - Precocious first ovulation, preceded by an endogenous preovulatory LH surge,
      could be predictably induced in immature female rats by administering repeated
      injections of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Administration of a dose of
      0.05-0.075 i.u. hCG, four times a day from day 28 to day 31 of age resulted in a
      highly constant ovulatory response: at 4.0 +/- 0.0 days after the start of
      treatment 7.7 +/- 0.3 (n = 15) ova were found. Use of a higher dose of hCG (0.1
      i.u.) resulted in lower numbers of ova (5.6 +/- 0.4, n = 7; P less than 0.005)
      whereas use of a lower dose of hCG (0.025-0.038 i.u.) resulted in a less constant
      timing of the induced ovulation at 5.4 +/- 0.2 days after the start of treatment
      (n = 7; P less than 0.0005). In animals treated with the dose of 0.05-0.075 i.u.
      hCG, a positive correlation was found between body weight at the start of
      treatment and the number of ova released (r = 0.75, n = 25; P less than 0.001).
      Ovarian follicle dynamics were studied on the various days of hCG treatment (dose
      0.05-0.075 i.u.) and compared with the follicle changes that take place after
      electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus, performed on day 28, a treatment
      known to result in first ovulation 4-5 days later. In both groups a decrease in
      the number of the smallest and the middle-sized antral follicles as compared with
      their respective controls was seen, whereas numbers of follicles in the largest,
      'ovulatable' size classes gradually increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020313
TI  - Induction of ovulation in vitro in the hen: dependency of the response to LH on
      age and rate of lay.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted on White Leghorn hens to investigate the effect of
      different concentrations of LH on the frequency of induction of ovulation in
      vitro of ovarian follicles collected 18-20 h before the expected time of
      ovulation from birds of three different ages (7, 18 and 30 months) or of the same
      age but laying short (three to four) or long (more than seven) sequences of eggs.
      The ability of LH to induce ovulation was directly related to the age of the
      donors of the follicles. Follicles derived from hens laying short sequences of
      eggs were less responsive to the ovulation-inducing effects of LH than were
      follicles from birds laying long sequences. These observations suggest that the
      sensitivity of ovarian follicles to the ovulation-inducing effects of LH declines
      with age and is greater in hens laying long sequences of eggs than those laying
      short sequences.

PMID- 4020314
TI  - The role of neonatal and pubertal gonadal hormones in regulating the sex
      dependence of the hepatic microsomal testosterone 5-reductase activity in the
      rat.
AB  - Heptic microsomal testosterone 5-reductase activity was approximately fourfold
      higher in adult female rats than in males. This discrepancy was only partly
      androgen-dependent since gonadectomy of male rats at 68 days of age resulted in
      only a partial increase of the enzyme activity. This increase was reversible by
      the administration of testosterone. Similar treatment, however, produced no
      effect in the female rat, indicating that there is a sex difference in
      testosterone responsivity. Castration of newborn male rats resulted in a marked
      increase in the basal enzyme activity. This increase was not affected by treating
      the adults with testosterone. Giving testosterone to male rats immediately after
      neonatal gonadectomy, or to newborn female rats, did not produce the male pattern
      of both the basal enzyme activity and the testosterone responsivity in adulthood.
      These results suggest that a brief exposure to neonatal androgen is not critical
      for the expression of the male type of enzyme activity, but that the continuous
      presence of the male gonads up to and including the pubertal period is essential.
      Exposure of pubescent female rats to testosterone during the period from 35 to 50
      days of age resulted in a significant increase in testosterone sensitivity when
      tested at 90 days of age, suggesting that pubertal exposure to androgen is
      important for the expression of testosterone responsivity in adulthood. The
      sensitivity was potentiated when the animals were ovariectomized before puberty.
      Furthermore, the enzyme activity in prepubertally ovariectomized female rats was
      significantly lower than that in adult gonadectomized animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020315
TI  - Iodothyronine kinetics in the rabbit: an experimental model.
AB  - Turnover studies of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-tri
      iodothyronine (rT3) have been performed in the rabbit. A novel modification of a
      conventional radioimmunoassay has been used to measure specific 125I-labelled
      iodothyronines in small volumes of plasma in the presence of other 125I-labelled
      metabolites. Kinetic analysis of plasma disappearance of tracer was performed by
      a new theoretical approach. For T4 the mean (+/- S.D.) plasma concentration,
      clearance and production rates were 34 +/- 12 nmol/l, 109 +/- 19 ml/kg per day
      and 3.7 +/- 1.4 nmol/kg per day respectively (n = 9). For T3 the corresponding
      values were 2.04 +/- 0.42 nmol/l, 1.52 +/- 0.29 litres/kg per day and 3.07 +/-
      0.76 nmol/kg per day (n = 8), and for rT3 0.12 +/- 0.04 nmol/l, 5.7 +/- 1.7
      litres/kg per day and 0.69 +/- 0.23 nmol/kg per day (n = 8). The combination of
      these two new methodologies affords a simple and convenient means of studying
      iodothyronine metabolism under normal and abnormal conditions. The techniques
      employed may be generally applied to turnover studies of other compounds of
      physiological interest which can be measured by radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 4020316
TI  - Age, sex and gonadal influences on oestrogen receptor content in the rat liver.
AB  - Liver cytosol oestrogen receptor (OR) content of intact and gonadectomized male
      and female rats of defined age (1-18 months) was measured by the controlled pore
      glass bead assay. The OR content of animals of both sexes aged 3 weeks was low to
      insignificant (0.12 +/- 0.04 (S.E.M.) pmol/g wet wt liver). In the intact animal,
      liver OR reached maximum levels at an earlier age in the male (1.35 +/- 0.12
      pmol/g at 28-32 weeks) than in the female (4.89 +/- 0.17 pmol/g at 44-52 weeks).
      In the mature female the OR is thus maintained at a level threefold greater than
      in males of comparable age. Levels of OR in the gonadectomized male tended to be
      higher, at all ages, than those in the intact male but this difference was not
      statistically significant. Ovariectomy was associated with a decreased OR content
      in rats aged less than 6 months and an increase in the older rats, but these
      effects (of ovariectomy) were not statistically significant. In the females,
      regression analysis of pooled data, combining all ages, indicated a significant
      positive correlation between OR and liver wet weight, independent of gonadal
      status; no such relationship was found with the males. The results indicate that
      factors influencing liver cytosol OR content include maturity, age and sex
      whereas the gonads have little obvious effect. These findings lend further
      support to the concept that sex differences exist in the liver.

PMID- 4020317
TI  - Cortisol is natriuretic in the immature ovine fetus.
AB  - Cortisol was infused, intravenously, for 4 h continuously into 5 chronically
      cannulated ovine fetuses at 111-120 days of gestation (term is 142-152 days). The
      dose used was 100 micrograms/h, and raised fetal blood cortisol concentrations
      from 8.2 +/- 4.0 to 56.5 +/- 19.0 nmol/l (values are mean +/- SEM). The effects
      observed were a 4-5 fold increase in sodium and chloride excretion, a doubling of
      potassium excretion and free water clearance, no significant changes in urine pH,
      urea and creatinine excretions, and an increase in urine osmolality from 129 +/-
      7.5 to 154.4 +/- 11.3 mosmol/kg water. There were no significant changes in any
      of the measured parameters in 5 fetuses infused with 0.9% NaCl for 4h. It is
      suggested that the hyponatremia and inability to retain sodium observed in many
      premature or very low birth weight babies may be due to the fact that their
      kidneys are behaving as fetal rather than neonatal organs and responding to the
      high plasma cortisol concentrations found in such babies with a natriuresis.

PMID- 4020318
TI  - Prolactin permits the expression of a circadian variation in insulin receptor
      profile in hepatocytes of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).
AB  - Insulin receptor profile was determined in freshly isolated hamster hepatocytes
      at two times (07.00 and 16.00 h) during a 14-h daily photoperiod (08.00-22.00 h).
      The hamsters were pretreated for 5 days with bromocriptine (to inhibit prolactin
      release), bromocriptine and prolactin replacement, or control saline injections.
      The insulin receptor profile was determined by Scatchard plot analysis. The
      insulin receptor number (high and low affinity) was three times greater at 07.00
      than at 16.00 h among saline-injected controls. However, their affinities did not
      differ. Bromocriptine pretreatment reduced (70%) both the high and low affinity
      receptor numbers and increased the affinity of the high affinity receptor at
      07.00 h. Prolactin replacement in bromocriptine-treated hamsters restored the
      receptor profile at 07.00 h to control values. These data indicate that prolactin
      facilitates the expression of a circadian variation in insulin receptor profile.

PMID- 4020319
TI  - Naloxone-induced secretion of LH in the male Syrian hamster: modulation by
      photoperiod and gonadal steroids.
AB  - The role of endogenous opiates in the regulation of photoperiodically induced
      testicular regression was studied in the male Syrian hamster. In reproductively
      active hamsters exposed to a long photoperiod (LD; 16 h light: 8 h darkness) or
      to short days (SD; 8 h light: 16 h darkness) for 20 weeks or to SD after
      pinealectomy, administration of naloxone, a competitive opiate receptor
      antagonist, at doses of 2.5-20 mg/kg, significantly increased serum LH
      concentrations. In marked contrast, these doses of naloxone did not produce any
      change in LH levels in reproductively quiescent hamsters exposed to SD for 8
      weeks. The influence of gonadal steroids on the LH response to naloxone was
      studied in hamsters castrated or castrated and implanted s.c with a capsule
      containing testosterone. Naloxone did not induce LH release in castrated hamsters
      maintained in LD or in SD, but this response was restored in LD but not SD when
      serum testosterone concentrations were maintained at levels similar to those
      observed in intact reproductively active hamsters. These results show that
      inhibition of reproduction by the photoperiod prevents naloxone-induced LH
      release in the male hamster. This lack of response to naloxone is not due,
      however, to the lower testosterone titres present in these animals compared with
      reproductively active animals. Responsiveness to naloxone can be restored when
      the animal is rendered insensitive to the inhibitory photoperiod either by
      removal of the pineal gland or by induction of photorefractoriness by extended
      exposure to SD.

PMID- 4020320
TI  - Human observing: maintained by negative informative stimuli only if correlated
      with improvement in response efficiency.
AB  - Two experiments investigated the effect of observing responses that enabled
      college students to emit more efficient distributions of reinforced responses. In
      Experiment 1, the gains of response efficiency enabled by observing were
      minimized through use of identical low-effort response requirements in two
      alternating variable-interval schedules. These comprised a mixed schedule of
      reinforcement; they differed in the number of money-backed points per reinforcer.
      In each of three choices between two stimuli that varied in their correlation
      with the variable-interval schedules, the results showed that subjects preferred
      stimuli that were correlated with the larger average amount of reinforcement.
      This is consistent with a conditioned-reinforcement hypothesis. Negative
      informative stimuli--that is, stimuli correlated with the smaller of two rewards-
      did not maintain as much observing as stimuli that were uncorrelated with amount
      of reward. In Experiment 2, savings in effort made possible by producing S- were
      varied within subjects by alternately removing and reinstating the response
      reinforcement contingency in a mixed variable-interval/extinction schedule of
      reinforcement. Preference for an uncorrelated stimulus compared to a negative
      informative stimulus (S-) decreased for each of six subjects, and usually
      reversed when observing permitted a more efficient temporal distribution of the
      responses required for reinforcement; in this case, the responses were pulls on a
      relatively high-effort plunger. When observing the S- could not improve response
      efficiency, subjects again chose the control stimulus. All of these results were
      inconsistent with the uncertainty-reduction hypothesis.

PMID- 4020321
TI  - Control of responding by the location of sound: role of binaural cues.
AB  - In auditory localization experiments, where the subject observes from a fixed
      position, both relative sound intensity and arrival time at the two ears
      determine the extent of localization performance. The present experiment
      investigated the role of binaural cues in a different context, the sound-position
      discrimination task, where the subject is free to move and interact with the
      sound source. The role of binaural cues was investigated in rats by producing an
      interaural imbalance through unilateral removal of the middle auditory ossicle
      (incus) prior to discrimination training. Discrete trial go-right/go-left sound
      position discrimination of unilaterally incudectomised rats was then compared
      with that of normal rats and of rats with the incus of both sides removed. While
      bilateral incus removal affected binaural intensity and arrival times, the
      symmetry of sound input between the two ears was preserved. Percentage of correct
      responses and videotaped observations of sound approach and exploration showed
      that the unilateral rats failed to localize the sounding speaker. Rats with
      symmetrical binaural input (normal and bilaterally incudectomised rats)
      accurately discriminated sound position for the duration of the experiment.
      Previously reported monaural localization based upon following the intensity
      gradient to the sound source was not observed in the unilaterally incudectomised
      rats of the present experiment. It is concluded that sound-position
      discrimination depends upon the use of binaural cues.

PMID- 4020322
TI  - Probability and delay of reinforcement as factors in discrete-trial choice.
AB  - Pigeons chose between two alternatives that differed in the probability of
      reinforcement and the delay to reinforcement. A peck on the red key always
      produced a delay of 5 s and then a possible reinforcer. The probability of
      reinforcement for responding on this key varied from .05 to 1.0 in different
      conditions. A response on the green key produced a delay of adjustable duration
      and then a possible reinforcer, with the probability of reinforcement ranging
      from .25 to 1.0 in different conditions. The green-key delay was increased or
      decreased many times per session, depending on a subject's previous choices. The
      purpose of these adjustments was to estimate an indifference point, or a delay
      that resulted in a subject's choosing each alternative about equally often. In
      conditions where the probability of reinforcement was five times higher on the
      green key, the green-key delay averaged about 12 s at the indifference point. In
      conditions where the probability of reinforcement was twice as high on the green
      key, the green-key delay at the indifference point was about 8 s with high
      probabilities and about 6 s with low probabilities. An analysis based on these
      results and those from studies on delay of reinforcement suggests that pigeons'
      choices are relatively insensitive to variations in the probability of
      reinforcement between .2 and 1.0, but quite sensitive to variations in
      probability between .2 and 0.

PMID- 4020324
TI  - Cellular processing of bovine factors X and Xa by cultured bovine aortic
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that Factor X and Factor Xa bind specifically to
      distinct sites on the endothelial cell surface. Since the coagulant activity of a
      cell-bound clotting protein is dependent on its remaining on the cell surface,
      endocytosis and degradation studies have been carried out. Cell-bound Factor X
      was internalized at 0.07 fmol/min/10(6) cells, a rate slower than its
      dissociation from the cell surface. Endocytosed Factor X was not degraded, but
      was returned to the cell surface. In contrast, Factor Xa was internalized at an
      initial rate of 0.38 fmol/min/10(6) cells and subsequently degraded at about the
      same rate. The degradation of Factor Xa was prevented by chloroquine. These
      results suggest that Factor Xa is internalized and degraded by a lysosomal
      dependent pathway. Studies with Factor X- and Xa-colloidal gold conjugates showed
      endocytosis proceeding at coated pit regions, and accumulation of Factor Xa-gold
      particles in lysosome-like structures. Endocytosis was studied as a clearance
      pathway for cell-bound Factor Xa by activating Factor X with Factors IXa and VIII
      on the endothelial cell surface. Endocytosis of the Factor Xa formed was
      significant, as only 44% of the Factor Xa formed was released into the
      supernatant, whereas the remainder was internalized and degraded. Thus,
      endocytosis of Factor Xa bound to its specific endothelial cell sites may be an
      important factor in the balance of vessel wall hemostatic mechanisms.

PMID- 4020325
TI  - 3H-labelled RU 38486: characterization of binding sites in human uterine cytosol.
AB  - The behaviour of the antifertilizing synthetic steroid RU 38486 towards human
      uterine progestin receptor was investigated. RU 38486 competed in the same order
      of magnitude as progesterone for the [3H]R 5020 binding site of progestin
      receptor, whereas R 5020 was unable to compete against [3H]RU 38486. This
      apparent contradiction could be explained by means of HPLC-chromatography. HPLC
      chromatography with an anion exchange column (MonoQ, Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden)
      showed that [3H]RU 38486 forms at least two stable complexes with uterine
      cytosol, on one hand with serum albumin, which presents almost 90% of bound
      radioactivity, and on the other hand with the two native progestin receptor
      forms, corresponding to 4 S and 8 S receptor forms in sucrose density gradient
      analysis. Whether reduced binding of salt-activated RU 38486 receptor complexes
      to DNA-cellulose is due to reduced activation is still uncertain and remains to
      be further investigated.

PMID- 4020323
TI  - Chlordiazepoxide effects on ethanol self-administration: dependence on concurrent
      conditions.
AB  - Experiments examined the effects of acute doses of chlordiazepoxide upon ethanol
      self-administration in the rat. A concurrent-schedule procedure was used that
      employed choice between ethanol (5%) and a second fluid (either water or a 1%
      sucrose solution). When ethanol and water were the available fluids,
      chlordiazepoxide at doses of 15 and 20 mg/kg reduced ethanol-reinforced
      responding and intake, with a greater reduction occurring at the 20 mg/kg dose.
      However, when ethanol and sucrose were concurrently available, in many rats only
      the 20 mg/kg dose of chlordiazepoxide reduced ethanol-reinforced responding. The
      differences in dose response function occurred in most animals without large
      changes in the baseline ethanol-reinforced responding across the two concurrent
      conditions. Thus the dose-effect curve relating chlordiazepoxide and ethanol self
      administration can be altered, dependent upon the nature of the concurrently
      available reinforcers.

PMID- 4020326
TI  - The effect of storage at different temperatures on cholinesterase activity in
      human serum.
AB  - The effect of storage on the catalytic concentration of cholinesterase and on the
      reference values of cholinesterase in human serum were studied. When serum was
      stored at room temperature (20 degrees C), at 4 degrees C and at - 20 degrees C
      (one year) there was no change in catalytic activity. Even after nine times
      freezing and thawing (over nine weeks) the catalytic activity was unaffected. The
      average reference value was significantly higher for males than for females (3.11
      +/- 0.57 vs 2.50 +/- 0.43 kU/l).

PMID- 4020327
TI  - [Mineral and trace elements in human urine].
AB  - Mineral and trace elements (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P and Zn) in 24
      hour human urine samples from approximately 100 healthy persons (age between 20
      and 50 years) were analysed by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) and DCP (Direct
      Current Plasma) emission spectroscopy. The obtained values can be taken as
      "reference values" owing to the large number of individual samples. Mean values
      and the range of substance concentrations and substance excretion per 24 hours
      are given. Physiological reference values are reported for Ba, Sr and Ti, which
      are of particular interest in the field of occupational medicine; examples of
      increases in these three elements as a result of exposure at the work place are
      also given. Additionally some average values for Cd, Co, Ni and Pb have been
      measured by a voltammetric technique.

PMID- 4020328
TI  - High performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the simultaneous
      determination of theophylline, caffeine, and phenobarbital in neonates.
AB  - A sensitive HPLC method is reported for the simultaneous determination of
      theophylline, caffeine, and phenobarbital in 100 microliters of plasma. After a
      single extraction of the drugs with chloroform/isopropanol (90 + 10 by volume) at
      low pH in the presence of an excess of ammonium sulphate they are resolved and
      quantified using a reversed-phase column (Spherisorb 5 ODS). The drugs are eluted
      with a binary-solvent gradient system (acetonitrile/phosphate buffer pH 4.6) at
      room temperature and monitored at 204 nm. Quantitation is based on peak-height
      ratio of analyte to interval standard (8-chlorotheophylline). Complete
      chromatographic resolution of all drugs is achieved within 15 min. The method is
      linear to 40 mg/l of theophylline and caffeine, and to 80 mg/l of phenobarbital.
      Numerous drugs and xanthine metabolites tested do not interfere.

PMID- 4020330
TI  - Human salivary arginase and its deficiency in argininaemia.
AB  - Arginase from normal human mixed saliva was characterized. The enzyme was
      completely activated after a preincubation of 20 min at 55 degrees C and a Mn2+
      final concentration of 5 mmol/l. The pH optimum was 9.6-9.8, and the Km for L
      arginine was 4.2 +/- 0.7 mmol/l. In normal saliva only one form was found, which
      was chromatographically identical with the cationic form of arginase in liver and
      blood cells. Salivary arginase was completely precipitated by rabbit antiserum
      against human liver arginase. Arginase activity was not detectable in the saliva
      of patients suffering from argininaemia. Enzyme activities in the saliva of the
      heterozygous parents and the unaffected daughter were 0.08, 0.07 and 0.12 U/mg
      protein, respectively, whereas the activities in the saliva of 60 healthy adults
      and 8 children were 0.17 +/- 0.11 and 0.16 +/- 0.06 U/mg protein, respectively.

PMID- 4020329
TI  - [Statistical problems in comparative clinical chemical analysis. Report of the
      workshop conference of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry, 12 and 13
      January 1984, Bremen].
AB  - In continuation of the three previous workshops on this theme, the Passing-Bablok
      method was recapitulated and compared with standardized main component analysis.
      Participants in the workshop recommended both methods in place of the classical
      regression analysis. An essential advantage of the standardized main component is
      that it is more easily understood by the clinical chemist and his coworkers, and
      it involves fewer calculation steps. On the other hand, outliers must be
      recognized and eliminated, and certain other assumptions must be fulfilled. In
      comparison, the Passing-Bablok method is much more robust, but requires more
      calculation. The workshop also discussed unresolved questions concerning bases
      for the comparison of methods: the necessary number of samples, measures of
      scatter for description of precision, comparison of discrete results and several
      independent variances. These will be treated in greater depth in subsequent
      workshops.

PMID- 4020331
TI  - Preparation and control of ethylene glycol-stabilized haemolysates for glycated
      haemoglobin assay.
AB  - The preparation and evaluation of ethylene glycol-stabilized haemolysates for use
      as control material for the assay of glycated haemoglobins is described. These
      haemolysates were prepared from normal and diabetic blood samples by following
      the procedure normally used to purify human haemoglobin, with the addition of
      dialysis to remove glucose from the labile fractions, and dilution with ethylene
      glycol. All the haemoglobin fractions were converted into the carbon monoxide
      form to increase their stability and were stored under different conditions.
      During a 10 month period of storage at -20 degrees C no significant change in the
      glycated haemoglobins level was observed.

PMID- 4020332
TI  - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Scientific Committee,
      Analytical Section. Quantities and units in clinical chemistry: Nebulizer and
      flame properties in flame emission and absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 4020333
TI  - Shaking chills and fever.

PMID- 4020334
TI  - Characteristics and management of febrile young children seen in a university
      family practice.
AB  - A cohort of 311 children registered with the University of Washington Family
      Medical Center was retrospectively identified and followed until the age of 2
      years. Analysis of all encounters for which a temperature of 37.7 degrees C (100
      degrees F) or above was noted revealed 438 such encounters among 189 patients.
      Only 30 encounters involved patients aged under 3 months, and in 74 percent of
      the encounters the temperature was below 38.9 degrees C (102 degrees F). The most
      common diagnoses were otitis media (34 percent), upper respiratory tract
      infection (19 percent), fever without a source (14 percent), and acute
      gastroenteritis (7 percent). While antibiotic usage, follow-up, and laboratory
      utilization all increased with increasing temperature, the latter was unrelated
      to a child's age. Laboratory evaluation of children considered at high risk for
      occult illness did not adhere to published guidelines. A more aggressive
      laboratory approach is recommended for such children, as is follow-up contact.
      Further studies to evaluate the risk of occult illnesses in febrile children seen
      in family medicine settings would be helpful in refining and improving management
      strategies in these settings.

PMID- 4020335
TI  - An assessment of the practice of preventive cardiology in an academic health
      center.
AB  - There is evidence that attention to cardiovascular risk factors will decrease the
      mortality of atherosclerotic disease. The objective of this study was to
      ascertain how often cardiovascular risk factors were assessed and modified in
      inpatients and newly seen outpatients aged 10 to 50 years at the University of
      Missouri-Columbia Hospital and Clinics. A total of 461 randomly selected
      inpatient and outpatient charts were reviewed from three departments: family
      practice, internal medicine, and pediatrics. Each record was assessed for history
      of smoking, exercise, diet, stress, and familial heart disease, for blood
      pressure measurement, and for serum lipid profile and glucose determination. With
      the exception of blood pressure, the risk factors were infrequently assessed in
      outpatients. Again excepting hypertension, there was little evidence of any
      attempt to modify those risk factors identified in inpatients or outpatients.
      Therefore, an educational program in risk factor recognition and modification is
      needed for primary care physicians.

PMID- 4020336
TI  - Styles of care provided to children in the United States: a comparison by
      physician specialty.
AB  - This study was based on findings from a national survey of physicians that was
      conducted from 1975 to 1977. The data concern face-to-face encounters with
      children in the ambulatory care setting. Over one half of the practices of
      pediatricians consisted of infants and preschoolers, whereas well over 50 percent
      of the child patients of other types of physicians were 10 to 19 years old. The
      proportion of visits dealing with a problem already under care was consistently
      greater for specialists other than primary care physicians; the proportion of
      visits for preventive care was much lower in the practices of these specialists
      than in primary care practice. These findings suggest that other specialists are
      functioning in ways different from primary care physicians. As compared with
      family physicians, pediatricians performed more diagnostic tests for all
      diagnoses and more immunizations and counseling about growth and development,
      were more likely to have seen children previously for problems other than the one
      dealt with in the visit under consideration, and were more likely to report that
      no specific therapy was required (except for well-child care). However, family
      physicians did more counseling about family and sex matters than pediatricians,
      were much more likely to have seen musculoskeletal and skin problems among 10- to
      19-year-old patients, and were much more likely to have administered
      cauterization, cryotherapy, or suturing for skin problems. Family physicians
      provided more counseling of all types and did more minor surgical procedures than
      general practitioners. These and other findings show the existence of systematic
      differences across specialties in the care of children, even for apparently
      similar problems.

PMID- 4020337
TI  - The unit of care revisited.

PMID- 4020338
TI  - The diet-heart dyad and preventive cardiology: why don't we preach what we
      practice?

PMID- 4020339
TI  - Characterization in Micromonospora inyoensis of aminoglycoside acetyltransferase
      activity not previously encountered among actinomycetes.
AB  - Extracts of Micromonospora inyoensis contain aminoglycoside acetyltransferase
      activity not previously encountered among actinomycetes. Neomycin and its
      derivatives (excluding butirosin) are good substrates as is the novel
      aminoglycoside apramycin, whereas the gentamicins and kanamycins are utilized
      poorly if at all. Sisomicin, which is produced by M. inyoensis, is not
      acetylated. When neomycin was modified by extracts of M. inyoensis the product,
      most probably 3-N-acetylneomycin, was inactive against cell-free protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 4020340
TI  - Antigenic population changes of Leptospira biflexa strains grown under the
      selective pressure of factorial antibodies.
AB  - Serovars jequitaia and tororo of Leptospira biflexa were cultured in the presence
      of homologous factor serum containing factorial antibodies (FcAbs) to their major
      antigens. After 39 serial passages they were then re-tested to determine whether
      their major antigens had remained unchanged. It was found that each parent strain
      had been replaced by an antigenic variant. The disappearance of each parent
      strain and its replacement by an antigenic variant was attributed to the
      selective conditions imposed by FcAbs. The antigenic variants behaved like true
      mutants. They lacked the major serovar antigens of the parent strains and had
      acquired some major antigens similar to those of two different serovars, one of
      which belonged to the same serogroup as the parent strain and the other to a
      different serogroup. A comparison of the major antigens of the parent strains
      with those of their antigenic variants indicated that factorial antibodies may be
      used selectively to obtain antigenic variants with a predefined pattern of major
      antigens.

PMID- 4020341
TI  - The all2 gene is required for the induction of the purine deamination pathway in
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - Five mutants were isolated at the all2 gene on the basis of their inability to
      utilize hypoxanthine as a sole source of nitrogen. These mutants failed to
      utilize the purines adenine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid, allantoin and
      allantoic acid, although they could utilize urea and ammonium. The all2 mutants
      appeared to be defective in purine induction of uricase, allantoinase,
      allantoicase and ureidoglycollase activities but retained wild-type activity of
      the constitutively synthesized urease. The all2 mutations were recessive.

PMID- 4020343
TI  - Subcellular localization of D-glucanases in Bacteroides oralis Ig4a.
AB  - Three D-glucan-hydrolysing enzymes from Bacteroides oralis Ig4a have been
      isolated. Two of them are dextranases which hydrolyse (1----6) but not (1----3)
      linked alpha-D-glucans; one (EC 3.2.1.11, 1,6-alpha-D-glucan 6-glucanohydrolase)
      is localized in the periplasm, and the other, which is an exo-enzyme (EC
      3.2.1.70, 1,6-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase), in the cytoplasm. The third is a
      mutanase (EC 3.2.1.59, 1,3-(1,3;1,4)-alpha-D-glucan 3-glucanohydrolase) that
      hydrolyses (1----3) but not (1----6) linked alpha-D-glucans, and is present only
      in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 4020342
TI  - Incorporation of fluorotryptophan into triostin antibiotics by Streptomyces
      triostinicus.
AB  - The quinoxaline chromophores of the antibiotics produced by Streptomyces
      triostinicus are derived from tryptophan. Protoplasts of this organism made novel
      products when they were incubated with DL-5-fluorotryptophan or DL-6
      fluorotryptophan. When added to batch cultures of the organism, DL-5
      fluorotryptophan, at concentrations as low as 10 microM, inhibited both mycelial
      growth and triostin production, but gave rise to novel products. These have been
      characterized, using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, as novel triostins
      in which one or both of the quinoxaline rings contain an atom of fluorine. The
      chromatographic properties of the triostins arising from the incorporation of DL
      5-fluorotryptophan are very similar to those of triostins containing chlorine or
      bromine at position 6 of the quinoxaline ring; they are clearly different from
      those having a chlorine atom at position 7. Accordingly, it is suggested that the
      carbon atom at position 5 of the indole ring of tryptophan ends up at position 6
      of the quinoxaline ring system in triostins A and C.

PMID- 4020344
TI  - Nucleic acid relationships among the anaerobic mycoplasmas.
AB  - The genetic relatedness between twelve selected strains among four distinct
      serovars of anaerobic mycoplasmas was studied using [3H]DNA-DNA hybridization,
      and the results were compared with data obtained from biochemical and serological
      tests. Radiolabelled DNA probes were prepared from five strains representing four
      serovars. Based on the homology results, the anaerobic mycoplasmas can be divided
      into five distinct groups representing five distinct species and two distinct
      genera. There are two species in the Anaeroplasma bactoclasticum serovar 1 group
      represented by strains JR and A-2, one species in serovar 2, one species in A.
      abactoclasticum serovar 3 and one among the unclassified serovar 4 anaerobic
      mycoplasmas. The probe to nonsterol-requiring strain 161 of serovar 4 showed no
      homology with any of the established nonsterol-requiring Acholeplasma species
      DNAs, or with Mycoplasma hominis DNA, or with avian DNA which served as a
      negative control. There was good correlation between the phenotypic and genotypic
      properties of the five distinct anaerobic mycoplasma species but the results
      indicate that phenotypic properties are not always adequate for speciation of the
      anaerobic mycoplasmas.

PMID- 4020345
TI  - Induction of spheroplasts in Capnocytophaga ochracea.
AB  - A gentle technique for preparing spheroplasts of Capnocytophaga ochracea strain
      25 is described. Cells in the exponential phase were washed with 1.0 M-NaCl,
      agitated in 1.0 M-NaCl for 2 h at 30 degrees C and exposed to lysozyme in a
      Tris/salts buffer, pH 7.0. This procedure resulted in 98% spheroplast formation
      with complete removal of the peptidoglycan layer as detected by both phase
      contrast and electron microscopy in combination with chemical analysis.

PMID- 4020346
TI  - Effect of measles virus antibodies on a measles SSPE virus persistently infected
      C6 rat glioma cell line.
AB  - Maintenance of measles (SSPE-Lec) virus persistently infected C6 rat glioma cells
      in medium containing polyclonal measles antiserum resulted in the loss of
      detectable expression of all measles virus proteins. Removal of these cells from
      antiserum, however, led to a re-expression of virus proteins and the production
      of infectious virus. Cloning of antibody-modulated non-expressing cells in the
      presence of antiserum showed that re-expression of virus proteins was not due to
      an incomplete curing process following the addition of antiserum, as a large
      number of non-expressing cell clones developed the capacity to express measles
      virus antigen at different periods after removal of antiserum. Irradiation of
      persistently infected cells to give a non-growing culture showed that modulation
      was not mediated by a selection and outgrowth of a small percentage of non
      expressing cells originally present in the culture. Antibody directed against C6
      membrane proteins did not lead to modulation and it was also shown that only
      monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing activity could affect intracellular
      antigen expression. Immunoglobulin Fab fragments with neutralizing activity also
      had modulating activity. Although all modulated cell clones were more susceptible
      to homologous virus infection than control C6 cells, it was not possible to
      rescue any defective measles virus which may have been maintained in the culture.

PMID- 4020347
TI  - Sindbis virus glycoproteins are abnormally glycosylated in Chinese hamster ovary
      cells deprived of glucose.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that Sindbis virus infection of Chinese hamster
      ovary (CHO) cells altered the protein glycosylation machinery of the cell, so
      that both normal, full-size (nine mannose-containing) oligosaccharides and
      abnormal, "truncated' (five mannose-containing) oligosaccharides are transferred
      from lipid-linked precursors to newly synthesized viral membrane glycoproteins.
      In the present studies, we have examined the precursor oligosaccharides on viral
      glycoproteins that were pulse-labelled with [3H]mannose in the presence or
      absence of glucose, since glucose starvation of uninfected CHO cells has been
      reported to induce synthesis of truncated precursor oligosaccharides. Pulse
      labelling in the absence of glucose led to a greater than 10-fold increase in the
      relative amount of the truncated precursor oligosaccharides being transferred to
      the newly synthesized viral glycoproteins and to an apparent underglycosylation
      of some precursor viral polypeptides, with some asparaginyl sites not acquiring
      covalently linked oligosaccharides. The mature virion glycoproteins from CHO
      cells which were pulse-labelled in the absence of glucose and then 'chased' in
      the presence of glucose contained proportionately more unusual Man3GlcNAc2-size
      oligosaccharides. These small neutral-type oligosaccharides were apparently not
      as good a substrate for further processing into complex acidic-type
      oligosaccharides as the normal Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate that results from the
      full-size precursor oligosaccharides.

PMID- 4020348
TI  - Measurement of interferon from in vitro stimulated lymphocytes by bioassay and
      monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from healthy individuals were
      stimulated with u.v.-inactivated Newcastle disease virus and the cell
      supernatants were assayed for both antiviral activity and alpha interferon (IFN
      alpha) immunoreactivity. IFN-alpha concentrations determined by two
      immunoradiometric assays (IRMAs) based on monoclonal antibodies that recognize
      different IFN-alpha subtypes correlated well together (r = 0.96) and with
      interferon concentrations determined by the two bioassays (r = 0.82 to 0.89), but
      the agreement between the results of the two bioassays was not as close (r =
      0.79). As judged by the agreement between determinations on duplicate inductions
      of the same PBMC, the IRMAs were considerably more precise than the bioassays.
      Despite the use of a common IFN standard there were marked differences in the
      absolute titres of IFN determined by the IRMAs and bioassays, highlighting the
      difficulties in standardizing assays for IFN-alpha. The IRMA results suggest that
      there are no major differences in the spectrum of IFN-alpha subtypes produced by
      healthy individuals under conditions of viral stimulation.

PMID- 4020349
TI  - Severity of fever in influenza: studies on the relation between viral surface
      antigens, pyrexia, level of nasal virus and inflammatory response in the ferret.
AB  - Previous work has shown that fever in influenza of ferrets occurs following
      release of endogenous pyrogen from virus-phagocyte interaction in the upper
      respiratory tract (URT), and suggested that the poor inflammatory response and
      correspondingly low fever elicited by A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1), compared with
      H3N2 reassortant clones of A/Puerto Rico/8/34-A/England/939/69, were related to
      its H1 and N1 surface antigens. Nasal virus levels, inflammatory and pyrexial
      responses produced in ferrets by clones 31 (H3N1) and 64b (H1N2) of the same
      reassortant system suggested a connection between the H1 antigen and low
      inflammatory response, but results were not conclusive. Unlike A/Puerto
      Rico/8/34, two recent H1N1 isolates, A/USSR/90/77 and A/Fiji/15899/83, produced a
      high inflammatory response yet low fever despite large amounts of virus in the
      URT, suggesting that either no connection exists between the acquisition of the
      H1 antigen and production of a low inflammatory response, or the H1 antigen of
      recent isolates, whilst antigenically related to that of A/Puerto Rico/8/34, is
      biologically different.

PMID- 4020350
TI  - [Polycystic renal diseases: morphology and genetic counseling].
AB  - The designation "polycystic kidneys" is vague and causes considerable confusion.
      This term comprises a number of affections, characterized by the presence of
      renal cysts. Cystic kidneys may be hereditary or sporadic. The defect may be
      isolated or occur as part of a syndrome. The identification of the exact nature
      of the lesion is therefore of paramount importance, not only for the prognosis of
      the propositus, but especially for the correct genetic counselling of the family.
      In this context, the perinatal autopsy represents an irreplaceable method of
      investigation. Since the pathogenesis of many, if not all, types of polycystic
      kidneys remains unknown, a practical classification must be based on gross and
      microscopic pathologic study, clinical features, and family history. Osathanondh
      and Potter (1964) distinguished four varieties, based on morphological findings,
      revealed by microdissection. Unfortunately, not all types of cystic kidneys are
      included in this classification. Moreover, their type III cystic kidney collects
      a number of clearly different entities. Nevertheless, once one is familiar with
      its deficiencies, the Osathanondh and Potter classification is still very useful.

PMID- 4020351
TI  - [Determination of fetal karyotype in the first trimester of pregnancy by direct
      examination of chorionic villi].
AB  - Chorionic biopsy during the first trimester of pregnancy allows fast and precise
      study of fetal karyotype. Considering the results of our ten prenatal diagnoses,
      we discuss the advantages and the risks of this method.

PMID- 4020352
TI  - [Prenatal prevention of drepanocytosis: analysis of cellular DNA in 2 cases].
AB  - Direct analysis of fetal DNA using restriction endonucleases constitutes a major
      area of progress in prenatal diagnosis. This recent technology may permit the
      precise identification of a mutant allele for some diseases, whereas in others it
      allows the familial segregation of a pathogenic allele to be followed by its
      linkage to a DNA sequence polymorphism. This type of analysis, available in a few
      centers, is currently used, among others, for the prenatal diagnosis of
      hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell anemia. After fetal cells have been
      obtained by choriocentesis or amniocentesis, the extracted DNA is exposed to
      selected restriction enzymes. In the diagnosis of sickle cell anemia the mutant
      codon responsible for the substitution of glutamic acid by valine in the beta
      hemoglobin chain is no longer cut by the enzyme Mst II, due to its variance with
      the normal codon; this difference in fragment length is detected by DNA
      electrophoresis, and the particular fragments are identified by molecular
      hybridization with appropriate radioactive probes. Utilizing these methods the
      genotype of a homozygous normal fetus can be distinguished from that of a
      homozygote affected or a heterozygote for the sickle mutation of the beta
      hemoglobin chain. We have recently applied this prenatal methodology to the
      pregnancies of two couples from Zaire, in which each member was a proven sickle
      cell carrier. Fetal material was obtained in both cases by amniocentesis at the
      16th week of gestation and followed by cell culture. In the first case, a 46, XX
      fetus, DNA (10 mcg) revealed a heterozygous sickle cell carrier
      genotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020353
TI  - The sine qua non of quality medical care.

PMID- 4020354
TI  - The belated Viet Nam phantom.

PMID- 4020355
TI  - Turn about--it's fair play.

PMID- 4020356
TI  - Blunt chest trauma in children.

PMID- 4020357
TI  - Infective endocarditis presenting with a pneumothorax in a patient 32 weeks
      pregnant.

PMID- 4020358
TI  - Bronchogenic carcinoma and hypercalcemia.

PMID- 4020359
TI  - Consultation: tibial pain and alcoholism.

PMID- 4020360
TI  - Evaluation of male infertility.

PMID- 4020362
TI  - Preoperative blood ordering for vascular surgery.

PMID- 4020361
TI  - Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy: Ochsner Medical Institutions' experience.

PMID- 4020363
TI  - Parental alcoholism in opioid addicts.
AB  - Using the family history method, the authors examined the relationships of
      parental alcoholism to alcoholism, depression, and antisocial personality
      disorder among 638 opioid addicts. It was concluded that, compared to addicts
      without parental alcoholism; addicts with parental alcoholism were more
      frequently concurrent alcoholics; addicts with parental alcoholism not only had
      alcoholism more often, but also depression and antisocial personality disorder;
      among alcoholic addicts, those with parental alcoholism had more severe problems
      with alcohol abuse; and addicts with parental alcoholism reported more disruptive
      childhood events. The independent additive effects of disruptive childhood events
      and parental alcoholism on the severity of addict disorders including alcoholism
      were also examined. Although alcoholic addicts had experienced more disruptive
      childhood events than nonalcoholic addicts, these events did not substantially
      contribute to increasing the severity of alcohol-related problems. Similar
      results were obtained for depression and antisocial behaviors in these addicts.
      The conclusions concerning addicts supported some of those described for
      "familial alcoholism" among nonaddict alcoholics, but other characteristics of
      alcoholics with familial alcoholism were not found among addicts.

PMID- 4020364
TI  - Stressful life events associated with endogenous depression.
AB  - This study addresses the longstanding clinical impression that episodes of
      endogenous depression have less relationship to environmental stress than
      episodes of nonendogenous depression. Stress levels of 100 Research Diagnostic
      Criteria-assessed psychiatric inpatients are retrospectively assessed for the
      period immediately before episode onset and for an earlier, baseline period.
      Although pre-episode stress levels are higher in nonendogenous depressed patients
      than in endogenous depressed patients or psychiatric controls, this difference is
      due to a higher baseline level in the nonendogenous group. Compared
      longitudinally, all three groups show an equivalent increase in stressful events
      from the baseline to pre-episode period.

PMID- 4020365
TI  - Modeling effects on suicidal behavior.
AB  - Knowledge of suicidal behavior, i.e., psychiatric patients indicating that they
      have an acquaintance or relative who has attempted or committed suicide, has been
      cited as a risk factor in the assessment of suicide potential. The authors
      evaluated psychiatric patients hospitalized for a suicide attempt (N = 30),
      serious suicidal ideation (N = 26), or other non-suicide-related reasons (N = 20)
      and also a control group of 18 patients admitted for orthopaedic surgery.
      Information derived from a structured clinical interview revealed that suicide
      attempters have fewer suicidal models than individuals in the other patient
      groups, and they are more interpersonally distant from the models they do know.
      Depression level was not positively related to the recall and reporting of
      suicidal models. Measures assessing suicide-related beliefs revealed that suicide
      attempters rated suicide as an effective solution for problems to a greater
      extent that did patients in the remaining three groups. The implications of these
      results for social learning models of suicidal behavior are discussed.

PMID- 4020366
TI  - Unbiased criteria for severity of depression in alcoholic inpatients.
AB  - The internal consistency of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is assessed in
      106 inpatient alcoholics by using a latent trait model. The analysis confirms
      that the BDI measures a single underlying dimension of depressive severity among
      alcoholics. Seven symptoms discriminate well for severity of depression. These
      seven--work inhibition, guilt, self-disgust, irritability, indecision,
      dissatisfaction, and loss of social interest--may represent criteria for
      depressive severity that are not confounded by chronic drinking, physical
      withdrawal, unique personality organization, or life circumstances of alcoholics.
      Three of the symptoms--dissatisfaction, loss of social interest, indecision--may
      represent core criteria for depressive severity by virtue of their previously
      demonstrated ability to discriminate well for severity of depression among both
      psychiatric and medical inpatients.

PMID- 4020367
TI  - Age trends of early awakening and feeling worse in the morning than in the
      evening in apparently normal people.
AB  - Age-specific prevalences of early awakening and feeling worse in the morning than
      in the evening were studied in 6034 subjects (schoolchildren, students, and
      employees) aged 9 to 60 years. Early awakening was found to be significantly more
      prevalent in males at most ages. In both sexes, early awakening was least
      prevalent in subjects aged 13 to 26 years and feeling worse in the morning than
      in the evening was most prevalent in subjects in their 20s. In subjects older
      than 21 years, the age trend of early awakening was a uniform increase, while
      that of feeling worse in the morning than in the evening was a uniform decrease.
      These two symptoms show roughly opposite age trends. Increasing prevalence of
      early awakening with age in endogenous depressives can be viewed at least partly
      as a reflection of the normal aging process.

PMID- 4020368
TI  - Marital status of schizophrenic and alcoholic patients.
AB  - Previous reports from treated psychiatric populations have reported a higher risk
      of mental illness among married females; however, community surveys often do not
      show this prevalence. Three referral groups, consisting of 488 subjects who were
      mentally ill but not seeking psychiatric treatment, provided a third type of
      population. For both sexes, combined drug and alcohol abusers were more likely to
      be divorced than to be married when compared to the rest of the study population
      (p less than .05). Both schizophrenia and drug and alcohol abuse showed
      differential findings by marital status and by sex, with the likelihood of more
      mentally ill females than males being married in these treatment populations.

PMID- 4020370
TI  - Treatment of anorexia nervosa in a young adult patient with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The case history and clinical course of a young adult patient who had diabetes
      mellitus and developed anorexia nervosa is described. This patient was referred
      for long-term inpatient treatment after short-term treatment efforts had failed.
      Inpatient treatment utilizing behavior modification, psychodynamic therapy, and
      family interventions in a long-term therapeutic milieu is discussed. This case is
      also contrasted with previous accounts of diabetic adolescents who developed
      anorexia; however, it is noted that no other reports exist of cases of anorexia
      developing in adult insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The necessity of
      integrating a variety of therapeutic techniques in such cases is discussed.

PMID- 4020369
TI  - Major depression and carbon monoxide-induced parkinsonism: diagnosis,
      computerized axial tomography, and response to L-dopa.
AB  - A case of major depressive disorder complicated by carbon monoxide (CO)-induced
      Parkinson's syndrome is reported. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) revealed
      bilateral globus pallidus necrosis. Clinical, CAT, and neuropathological findings
      in other cases of CO encephalopathy with and without parkinsonism are reviewed.
      The utility of CAT in the diagnostic workup and in following clinical course is
      discussed, as are the difficulties of making a diagnosis of an antecedent primary
      psychiatric disorder in the presence of neurological and psychiatric sequelae of
      CO intoxication. There was no clinical response to a tricyclic antidepressant,
      but both the mood and movement disorders responded fully to L-dopa. The
      implications of these findings with regard to the central neurochemical
      pathophysiology in this patient and in major depressive disorder in general are
      discussed.

PMID- 4020371
TI  - Group psychotherapy with multiple personality patients.
AB  - Group psychotherapy with multiple personality patients is an infrequently
      utilized technique. In a homogeneous group composed of multiple personality
      patients, the technique of group psychotherapy is examined in detail. The group
      setting, selection of patients, and group composition are described. Therapeutic
      issues involving group process, intrapersonal dynamics, transference,
      countertransference, co-therapy, and termination are examined. Finally,
      psychotherapy with the group of multiple personality patients is contrasted with
      group psychotherapy with borderline patients and incest victims.

PMID- 4020372
TI  - Sexual criminality and hypnotizability.
AB  - Thirty-three sexual offenders, 18 of whom had been convicted of rape, nine of
      pedophilia, and six of incest, were studied. Two thirds of the subjects had
      histories of "spontaneous self-hypnotic" experiences (dissociations); seven of
      these were DSM-III multiples and six were probable multiples. This group had very
      high hypnotizability scores. The other one third without histories of
      "spontaneous self-hypnosis" had normal scores. It was concluded that spontaneous
      self-hypnosis contributed to the perpetration of the crimes in many of these
      cases, although other factors also directed the antisocial behaviors.

PMID- 4020373
TI  - Goal attainment scaling with hospitalized sexual offenders.
AB  - Forty-six hospitalized sex offenders participated in a 6-month evaluation of
      treatment outcome. This study used the concept of goal attainment scaling, an
      individualized, scaled description of personal goals, for measuring therapeutic
      outcome. Conjoint therapist and patient goal setting resulted in 180 treatment
      goals being set. At follow-up, 38 patients exceeded the "expected" success level
      on a total of 159 treatment goals, whereas eight patients only made minimal
      progress on 21 of their 40 selected goals. Despite the benign clinical
      improvement shown by most patients, few patients actually achieved the best
      anticipated level of attainment on all of their personal goals (usually three to
      six goals). Retrospective review of all goal attainment scaling protocols
      indicated that four major content dimensions account for nearly all of the goals
      devised: sexual deviation, 30 goals; anger and emotional expression, 64 goals;
      self concept, 31 goals; and poor interpersonal relations, 51 goals. These goal
      oriented profiles may have important ramifications for the future assessment,
      program planning, and rehabilitation of convicted sex offenders.

PMID- 4020374
TI  - Dimensions of posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans.
AB  - DSM-III criteria and clinical models of stress are used to identify discrete
      dimensions of posttraumatic stress disorder. The authors test the hypothesis that
      war trauma differentially affects four dimensions of posttraumatic stress-
      intrusive imagery, hyperarousal, numbing, and cognitive disruption--by studying
      data from 251 Vietnam veterans probability sampled in seven sites. The hypothesis
      was confirmed. Different dimensions of stress symptomatology are found to vary
      across individuals exposed to different types of war trauma. Stress responses to
      war trauma also differ by race of the veteran. The relationship between stressors
      and symptomatology change over time, indicating specific experiences are related
      to particular long-term patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder.

PMID- 4020376
TI  - Hostility, somatic symptoms, and hypochondriacal fears and beliefs.
AB  - The authors administered self-rating scales of anger-hostility, somatic symptoms,
      and hypochondriacal fears and beliefs to seven groups of patients and
      nonpatients. Somatic symptoms were positively correlated with anger-hostility and
      were negatively correlated with feelings of friendliness; the correlation
      coefficients ranged from low to moderately high and were significant in most
      groups. Somatic symptoms tended to be associated more strongly with symptoms of
      anxiety and depression than with those of hostility. The associations of
      hypochondriacal fears and beliefs with hostility were inconsistent, varied
      between groups and with the concern measured. The findings do not support the
      view that anger or hostility are main or specific etiological factors either in
      somatization or in hypochondriacal fears or beliefs.

PMID- 4020377
TI  - Assessing pathology in the separation-individuation process by an inventory. A
      preliminary report.
AB  - There is growing clinical evidence implicating disturbances in the separation
      individuation phase of child development to adult psychopathology, particularly
      the borderline personality disorder. The clinical manifestations of such
      disturbance have been described by several clinicians and theoreticians. The
      authors have developed an inventory, based on these observations, designed to
      assess adult manifestations of disturbances in the separation-individuation
      process. The inventory was given to subjects meeting DSM-III criteria for
      borderline personality disorders and to a random university employee control
      group. The subject group had significantly higher scores than the control group.
      Although more research is needed to further establish the inventory's validity
      and reliability and to better define its scoring, the preliminary data indicate
      that it does assess adult manifestations of pathology in this developmental
      process.

PMID- 4020375
TI  - Ordination and cognitive complexity as related to clinical depression.
AB  - Personal construct psychology has contributed substantially to our understanding
      of psychopathology. The few studies of personal construct psychology in
      depression have focused on the content of self-constructs and cognitive
      complexity. The purpose of this study was to examine the construct system in
      depressed patients by investigating the relation of depressive symptoms to the
      content of constructs about others, cognitive complexity, and ordination.
      Participants were divided into three groups of 25. The depressed group had either
      a major depressive episode or dysthymic disorder; psychiatric controls had
      nonaffective psychological disorders; normal controls were hospital employees who
      had not exhibited psychological distress. Results indicated no differences among
      the three groups in cognitive complexity. However, normal controls exhibited a
      higher degree of ordination than either patient group. Furthermore, depressed and
      psychiatric controls utilized ambiguous constructs more than normal subjects.
      Finally, symptom severity within the depressed group related to the use of
      ambiguous and undesirable constructs. On the basis of these and others' results,
      a "two-level" personal construct explanation of depression is offered. On a
      comprehensive level, ordination and the use of ambiguous constructs could be
      viewed as relating to general psychological adaptation, whereas negative self
      construing (and perhaps ambiguous construing) may relate more directly to
      depression. Therapeutic implications and directions for future research are
      discussed.

PMID- 4020378
TI  - Handedness and alcoholism.
AB  - One hundred thirty-six alcoholic men and 48 alcoholic women admitted
      consecutively to an adult alcohol and substance abuse unit were studied in an
      attempt to replicate previous reports of an association between alcoholism and
      handedness. Each individual received a structured admission interview, and
      handedness was determined by a modification of the Edinburgh Inventory. Left
      handedness was more frequent in men with alcoholic fathers and in first-born men.
      These data are discussed in the context of a recent theory relating left
      handedness, immune disease, developmental learning disorders, and fetal
      testosterone.

PMID- 4020380
TI  - Tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the brains of controls and parkinsonian
      patients.
AB  - The activity of tryptophan hydroxylase was measured in nine regions of human
      brains from controls and patients with Parkinson's disease, striatonigral
      degeneration, Shy-Drager syndrome and progressive supranuclear palsy by high
      performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The regional
      distribution of the enzyme activity in control brains was similar to that of
      serotonergic neurons; relatively high activity was found in the raphe nucleus,
      locus coeruleus and substantia nigra. The activity in the thalamus in Parkinson's
      disease and that in the locus coeruleus, raphe nucleus and substantia nigra in
      striato-nigral degeneration were significantly lower than that of controls (p
      less than 0.05). In most other brain regions in parkinsonian patients the
      activity was relatively lower than that of controls except the caudate nucleus
      and nucleus accumbens where the activity was relatively higher than that of
      controls. Marked decrease in the enzyme activity in various brain regions was
      observed in striato-nigral degeneration, Shy-Drager syndrome, and progressive
      supranuclear palsy. These results suggest that the activity of tryptophan
      hydroxylase in serotonergic neurons is reduced in the brains of parkinsonian
      patients and of patients with degenerative nervous diseases.

PMID- 4020379
TI  - Idiosyncratic pharmacokinetics complicating treatment of major depression in an
      elderly woman.
AB  - A 64-year-old woman with major depression developed toxic symptoms while on a
      regimen of 150 to 200 mg/day of desipramine. Her elimination half-life for
      desipramine was found to be greatly prolonged, at approximately 150 hours. Her
      ability to metabolize diphenhydramine and lorazepam was found to be impaired as
      well. Study of the elimination kinetics of desipramine in three of the patient's
      sisters provided some support for the existence of a genetically determined
      metabolic defect. Knowledge of those idiosyncratic pharmacokinetics had important
      implications for diagnosis and treatment in this case.

PMID- 4020381
TI  - The hypothalamic and neurohypophysial oxytocin content as influenced by
      desmethylimipramine in normal and pinealectomized white male rats.
AB  - Pinealectomized, sham-operated and non operated control rats were injected
      intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with a single dose of desmethylimipramine
      hydrochloride (DMI; 20 micrograms, dissolved in 10 microliters of normal saline);
      after 4 hours they were decapitated and the hypothalamic and neurohypophysial
      oxytocin content was bioassayed using the milk-ejection effect in vitro. DMI
      decreased oxytocin content of the hypothalamus and neurointermediate lobe in non
      operated and sham-operated animals. In pinealectomized rats the oxytocin content
      of the hypothalamus and neurointermediate lobe diminished and could be further
      reduced by an i.c.v. DMI injection. As shown in animals pretreated with
      phenoxybenzamine, these events might be only partially related to an increase of
      alpha-adrenergic transmission.

PMID- 4020382
TI  - Tolerance to or facilitation of pharmacological effects induced by chronic
      treatment with the beta-adrenergic stimulant clenbuterol.
AB  - The effect in mice of chronic administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist
      clenbuterol was studied using four pharmacological tests, two of which are
      predictive of antidepressant activity in man. The suppressive effect of acute
      administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist in two tests unrelated to
      antidepressant activity, locomotor activity and investigation of food, was
      attenuated after chronic treatment. However, in the two tests which are
      predictive of antidepressant activity, antagonism of reserpine induced
      hypothermia and potentiation of yohimbine toxicity, the effect of clenbuterol was
      greater following chronic treatment.

PMID- 4020384
TI  - Whose rights come first?

PMID- 4020385
TI  - Induction of antitumor immunity employing live tumor cells and maltose
      tetrapalmitate.
AB  - Several protocols employing a new immunoadjuvant, maltose tetrapalmitate (MTP),
      were tried in an effort to obtain immunization against a weakly immunogenic
      transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma, 13762, in syngeneic Fischer rats.
      Effectiveness of immunization was measured by rejection of tumor or reduction in
      tumor growth, by alteration in survival time after tumor challenge, and by
      proliferation in vitro of spleen cells of animals tumor-sensitized by killed
      tumor cells and tumor extracts. No success in the induction of tumor rejection
      was achieved by employing killed tumor cells or 3 M KCl tumor extracts used in
      either the presence or absence of MTP. Only a low dose of viable tumor cells
      elicited tumor rejection immunity when combined with MTP treatment given three
      times weekly. Spleen cell proliferation of tumor-sensitized animals was obtained
      in the case of live cells and 3 M KCl extract immunization, and was specific for
      the type of antigen (killed cells or soluble) preparation employed.

PMID- 4020383
TI  - Subcellular distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase in rat brain regions
      following electroconvulsive stimulation.
AB  - Electroconvulsive stimulation of rats evoked significant increases of glutamic
      acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity in the synaptosomal fractions of neocortex
      (including white matter) and hippocampal formation. The elevation of synaptosomal
      bound GAD activity was not significant in cingulate cortex, striatum, caudal
      brainstem and thalamus. The electroconvulsive shocks had no effect on the GAD
      activity of the cytoplasmic fractions of any brain regions investigated. The
      highest physiological level of synaptosomal GAD activity was found in thalamus,
      followed (in decreasing order) by striatum, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, caudal
      brainstem and neocortex.

PMID- 4020386
TI  - Tissue distribution of breast cancer-associated antigens defined by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Balb/c mice were immunized with membrane preparations of primary and metastatic
      breast carcinomas or with live breast cancer cell lines. Sixty-two fusions were
      performed between immune splenocytes and SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells, and 107
      hybridomas were cloned that produced antibody reactive with breast cancer
      membrane extract, cell lines, and frozen sections, but not with normal tissue
      membrane extracts or a human fibroblast line. Ninety-four monoclonal antibodies
      were purified and tested for binding to 16 normal tissue frozen sections and five
      blood cell types. Thirty-five of the 94 antibodies were also tested on breast
      cancer sections from 21 patients, 14 breast cancer cell lines, and 11 nonbreast
      tumor sections. Two of 94 antibodies showed no reactivity to any of the 21 normal
      tissues or 11 nonbreast neoplasms studied. These two antibodies, 451B7 and 452F2,
      bound 60% of the breast cancer cell lines and 25% of the breast cancer tissue
      sections. Eight additional antibodies bound three or fewer of 21 normal tissues.
      These antibodies bound 25-85% of breast cancer sections, 0-75% of breast cancer
      cell lines, and many of the nonbreast cancers. A comparison of normal tissues and
      nonbreast tumors bound by the breast cancer-reactive antibodies indicated that
      most of the cross-reacting normal tissue structures were epithelial in origin,
      and that the most cross-reactive nonbreast cancers were those of secondary sex
      organs (uterus, prostate, ovary).

PMID- 4020387
TI  - Species variability for toxicity of free and liposome-encapsulated muramyl
      peptides administered intravenously.
AB  - Muramyl dipeptide and muramyl tripeptide in free form or encapsulated within
      multilamellar liposomes were injected intravenously into (C57BL/6 X C3H)F1 mice
      and strain 2 guinea pigs to evaluate their potential acute, subacute, or chronic
      toxicity. Animals received either single or multiple (X 3, X 4, X 6, X 8)
      injections. A definite species variation was established with regard to the toxic
      nature of muramyl peptides. Mice failed to exhibit any changes of a clinical,
      biochemical, functional, or morphological nature in response to repeated
      intravenous administrations of high doses of muramyl peptide (free or in
      liposomes). In contrast, strain 2 guinea pigs were very sensitive to muramyl
      peptide, regardless of the dose or number of injections, or whether it was given
      in liposomes or as micelles (free form). Most guinea pigs exhibited vascular
      pathology reminiscent of the Schwartzman phenomenon. Further toxicity studies of
      muramyl peptides administered at relevant biological doses are recommended, as
      well as studies aimed at elucidating the reasons for the species variations.

PMID- 4020388
TI  - Familial progressive external ophthalmoplegia with multisystem abnormalities:
      "new" features raising nosological problems.
AB  - A 32-year-old female presented with progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO)
      and multisystem abnormalities, strikingly associated with myotonia and muscle
      hypertrophy. These two features were not found in her brother, who had a complex
      neuromuscular disorder complicating chronic PEO. In both subjects muscle biopsy
      revealed "ragged-red" fibres and myofibres containing glycogen granules, which
      were never bound by membranes. A severe demyelinating neuropathy was revealed by
      electrophysiological and morphological studies. Cranial CT scan showed extensive
      demyelination of the cerebral white matter. Genetic studies demonstrated that
      this familial syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.

PMID- 4020389
TI  - Parkinsonism, basal ganglia calcification and epilepsy as late complications of
      postoperative hypoparathyroidism.
AB  - A patient with post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism, basal ganglia
      calcification, parkinsonism and seizures is reported. The parkinsonism was
      resistant to levodopa therapy but was not significantly improved by the
      correction of hypoparathyroidism. Previously reported cases are discussed, as
      well as the relationship between hypoparathyroidism, calcification of basal
      ganglia, parkinsonism and epilepsy.

PMID- 4020390
TI  - Two siblings with multiple intracranial haemangiomatosis with calcification.
AB  - Two siblings with multiple intracranial haemangiomatosis are reported, each
      having psychomotor retardation, epilepsy and gyriform type calcification in the
      occipital and frontal lobes. There were haemangiomas in one autopsy case with
      calcification in the deep layers of the cortex and subcortical white matter.

PMID- 4020391
TI  - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a diabetic ketoacidotic patient.
AB  - A 51-year-old, ketoacidotic diabetic with the rare neurological complications of
      rhinocerebral mucormycosis is reported. The clinical presentation was
      characterized by initial severe frontal headache, rapid visual loss with complete
      external ophthalmoplegia and intracranial spread by invasive fungal growth. Its
      course and fungostatic therapy with amphotericin B and ketoconazole are described
      and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 4020392
TI  - Successful treatment of tuberculous brain abscess.
AB  - A case of tuberculous brain abscess occurred in spite of 4 months' treatment of
      pulmonary tuberculosis with a triple drug anti-tuberculous regimen. Surgical
      removal and further chemotherapy were successful.

PMID- 4020393
TI  - Neuropsychological and EEG evaluation in exposure to trichloroethylene.
AB  - After 1 year of exposure to trichloroethylene, reversible neuropsychological
      impairment and persistent EEG paroxysms were observed in one patient. The
      improvement of neuropsychological performances and the persistence of severe EEG
      abnormalities after withdrawal of the toxin suggest "functional" cerebral damage
      after prolonged exposure to trichloroethylene.

PMID- 4020394
TI  - Early diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis.

PMID- 4020395
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with thalamic lesions.
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded in 20 patients with thalamic
      lesions confirmed by CT (10 with infarction, 10 with haemorrhage). The changes in
      SEP configuration are discussed in their relationship to clinical symptoms. Four
      types of SEP abnormality produced by thalamic lesion are distinguished: (1) "FF"
      type, (2) "N20/P23 dissociation" type, (3) "N18/N20 false shift" type, and (4)
      "reduced early component" type. It was shown that clinically similar lesions
      might produce different SEP patterns.

PMID- 4020396
TI  - Adrenomyeloneuropathy: report of a family and electron microscopical findings in
      peripheral nerve.
AB  - A family with adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is reported, whose female carriers
      showed severe neurological and biochemical abnormalities. Cytoplasmic lamellar
      inclusions were found in endoneurial cells of the biopsied sural nerve of a male
      patient. In spite of the peripheral nervous system involvement in patients with
      AMN, there have been few reports of these inclusions in the peripheral nerves of
      such cases.

PMID- 4020397
TI  - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: study of a large kinship with an intermediate form.
AB  - A clinical, genetic, electrophysiological and ultrastructural study of a large
      kinship with peroneal muscular atrophy is reported. There was a noteworthy
      homogeneity in the phenotype as well as in the electrophysiological
      characteristics encountered in 15 affected members aged between 7 and 72 years.
      The symptoms appeared first in the second decade of life and stabilized by the
      fourth decade. There was no evidence of linkage of the neuropathy gene to the
      Duffy blood group locus on chromosome 1. The electrophysiological data in this
      family as well as the ultrastructural findings confirm that there is
      heterogeneity in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I, and support the
      concept of an intermediate form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

PMID- 4020399
TI  - Medical centers: source for training future oncologists.

PMID- 4020400
TI  - Quality of life.

PMID- 4020398
TI  - Monocular downbeat nystagmus.
AB  - A patient with sporadic pontocerebellar degeneration and downbeat nystagmus
      limited to the left eye is described. The nystagmus was not modified by head
      movements, but was associated with a purely tonic upgaze paresis in the same eye.
      Absence of internuclear ophthalmoplegia indicated sparing of the medial
      longitudinal fasciculus. It is suggested that the vertical oculomotor
      abnormalities are due to dysfunction of the ipsilateral brachium conjunctivum.

PMID- 4020401
TI  - Radiotherapy's role in local sarcoma control and quality of life.

PMID- 4020402
TI  - Aggressive chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 4020403
TI  - Discordant lymphoma versus single-histology lymphomas.

PMID- 4020404
TI  - Adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal node-positive breast cancer.

PMID- 4020405
TI  - The place of radiation therapy in the cure of patients with ovarian cancer.

PMID- 4020406
TI  - Is there a role for adjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer?

PMID- 4020407
TI  - Plasma melatonin and the hormone-dependency of human breast cancer.
AB  - We studied the 24-hour plasma melatonin profile in three groups of women: normal
      individuals, women with breast cancer, and women at high risk for breast cancer,
      to determine the relationship of plasma melatonin to this malignancy. The mean
      daytime (nadir) and mean nighttime (peak) plasma levels for the normal subjects
      were 9.1 pg/mL and 70.9 pg/mL, respectively. The mean daytime and nighttime
      plasma levels, and the range of melatonin day to night differences for women with
      breast cancer and women at high risk for breast cancer were comparable to each
      other and to the normal subjects, with no statistically significant differences
      noted. The patients with breast cancer demonstrated a striking correlation
      between the melatonin diurnal rhythm and the steroid receptor content of the
      primary tumor. Women with estrogen (ER) or progesterone (PR) receptor-positive
      tumors had a significantly lower mean plasma melatonin day to night difference
      than did patients with ER- or PR-negative tumors. Further, a strong inverse
      correlation was observed between the plasma melatonin concentration and the
      quantities of ER and PR in the primary tumor: the lower the plasma melatonin
      concentration the greater the amount of either receptor in the primary tumor.
      Plasma melatonin did not correlate with tumor glucocorticoid receptor content or
      stage of breast cancer among these patients, or with menopausal status, age,
      parity, or the plasma levels of estrone, estradiol, progesterone, follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH), or luteinizing hormone (LH) among all individuals
      studied. Plasma melatonin was also independent of the degree of risk for breast
      cancer among the high-risk patients. These findings suggest an important
      relationship between the plasma melatonin diurnal rhythm and the hormone
      dependency of human breast cancer, and may have implications for both the
      prognosis and treatment of this malignancy.

PMID- 4020408
TI  - Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFN-rA) plus cimetidine in
      disseminated malignant melanoma.
AB  - Thirty-five eligible patients with disseminated malignant melanoma received
      intramuscular recombinant leukocyte interferon (IFN-rA), 50 X 10(6) U/m2 three
      times weekly (TIW) for an intended duration of 12 weeks concomitant with daily
      oral cimetidine, 1,200 mg/d in four divided doses. For all study participants,
      the median survival time was six months. Among 21 "good risk" patients
      (performance score [PS] 0, 1 and no prior chemotherapy), we observed seven
      partial regressions (33%). Six patients had stability of disease (29%), seven had
      immediate disease progression, and one discontinued treatment after two doses
      without tumor evaluation due to side effects. Times to disease progression of
      five patients with regressions of soft-tissue disease were 2.1, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7,
      and 4.3 months. Two patients had partial regressions of lung nodules for 2.0 and
      3.8 months. We observed one regression among 14 "poor risk" patients (PS 2, 3, or
      prior chemotherapy). A 46-year-old woman with prior treatment had a partial
      regression of soft-tissue disease for 4.1 months. Four "poor risk" patients
      achieved disease stability, and nine progressed immediately. Leukopenia (WBC
      count less than 4,100/microL) affected 21 (66%) of 32 patients with WBC count
      data. The median count was 3,100/microL; range, 1,300 to 8,400/microL. We
      detected two cases of mild thrombocytopenia (100,000 and 120,000/microL). Other
      noteworthy toxicities included moderate-to-severe nausea (34%), anorexia (63%),
      and fatigue (80%). All patients experienced myalgias. Twenty patients had dosage
      decreases during the first cycle, and 14 of the 16 patients remaining on study
      after the first cycle required dosage reductions. The overall response rate is
      similar to our prior studies with IFN-rA as a single agent using TIW doses of 50
      X 10(6) U/m2 and 12 X 10(6) U/m2 among 31 and 30 patients, respectively.

PMID- 4020409
TI  - Treatment of preleukemic syndromes with continuous intravenous infusion of low
      dose cytosine arabinoside.
AB  - Preleukemic syndromes compose a group of acquired bone marrow disorders
      characterized by dysplastic maturation of hematopoietic cells and peripheral
      blood cytopenias. These syndromes have been generally considered untreatable. We
      administered low doses of cytosine arabinoside by continuous infusion for 14 to
      21 days (20 mg/m2/d) to 16 patients with preleukemia in various stages of
      evolution to acute leukemia. Steady state plasma cytosine arabinoside levels
      ranged from 41.8 to 64.2 nmol/L. Eleven patients demonstrated marked improvement
      in hematopoiesis and loss of transfusion requirements for periods ranging from
      two to 27 + months. All but one responding patient developed recurrent
      pancytopenia, but additional responses to low-dose cytosine arabinoside were
      achieved in five of five retreated patients. Median overall survival time is 12
      months for the 11 responding cases, and nine months for nonresponders. The major
      toxicity of low-dose cytosine arabinoside is myelosuppression, and most patients
      required platelet transfusion support and administration of antibiotics.
      Chromosome analyses demonstrated evolution to a new clone of hematopoietic cells
      in three patients, and persistence of the same abnormal clone in another patient.
      These results suggest that low-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy may result in
      improved hematopoiesis by promoting maturation or by selecting new stem cell
      clones. Low-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy thus deserves further evaluation
      both as a single agent and in combination with other agents in the treatment of
      myelodysplastic syndromes.

PMID- 4020410
TI  - Phase II study of interferon alpha in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: a progress
      report.
AB  - Partially purified interferon alpha (IFN alpha) was administered to 50 patients
      with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) studied for more than two years.
      Complete or partial remissions were observed in 26% of the patients. Duration of
      remissions range from two to 16 months (median, six months). No distinct
      prognostic factors were clearly identified in the responsive patients, but
      responses occurred more frequently in men with optimal performance status who had
      undergone nephrectomy and in whom the metastatic disease was confined to the
      lungs, pleura, or mediastinum. Leukopenia and granulocytopenia were useful
      markers of biological activity but did not predict tumor response. Side effects
      and toxicity at the dosage used (3 X 10(6) units intramuscularly daily) were well
      tolerated and consisted predominantly of fatigue and asthenia. We concluded that
      IFN alpha is useful for palliating metastatic RCC, but no impact on survival was
      demonstrated. Further studies are required to determine the optimal dose, routes
      of administration, and treatment schedules.

PMID- 4020411
TI  - Metoclopramide: dose-related toxicity and preliminary antiemetic studies in
      children receiving cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - Prior studies in adults have shown that metoclopramide (MCP), when given in high
      intravenous (IV) doses (2 mg/kg), is a highly effective antiemetic for
      chemotherapy-induced vomiting. It is well-tolerated in older adults, but younger
      adults have an increased disposition to acute extrapyramidal reactions (EPRs).
      Before studying the efficacy of MCP as an antiemetic in children, we first had to
      establish the safe dose range. We performed a dose-increase MCP toxicity study in
      children receiving highly emetic chemotherapy such as cisplatin (120 mg/m2) or
      cyclophosphamide (greater than 900 mg/m2), beginning with a dose of 0.2 mg/kg and
      increasing the dose in nine steps to 3 mg/kg. MCP was given every two hours for
      four doses beginning one-half hour before chemotherapy. To reduce the incidence
      of EPRs, we added concomitant diphenhydramine. In MCP doses less than 2 mg,
      toxicity was minimal. In doses greater than or equal to 2 mg, 4/27 (15%) had EPRs
      and 9/27 (33%) had akathisia. Children who received two consecutive days of MCP
      had a higher frequency of EPRs. Metoclopramide (2 mg/kg) had promising antiemetic
      efficacy in a preliminary nonrandomized trial. Chemotherapy-experienced children
      vomited fewer than five times in 9/21 (43%) trials, and new patients vomited
      fewer than five times in 7/10 (70%) trials. MCP will become more useful as an
      antiemetic in children if better measures to prevent EPRs can be developed.
      Chemotherapy-induced emesis has the same negative implications in children as it
      does in adults and optimum antiemetic regimens can only be discovered by
      conducting randomized clinical trials in children.

PMID- 4020412
TI  - Selection bias in clinical trials.
AB  - Of 90 patients with intermediate or high-grade sarcoma eligible for a randomized
      trial of adjuvant doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio),
      48 were not entered: 24 (27%) by physician's choice and 24 refused randomization.
      Sixty-five percent of lower stage patients were randomized compared with 37% of
      those with higher stage (P = .02). Patients with extremity lesions were more
      frequently offered participation in the study (P = .07). Patients with lower
      stage lesions accepted randomization more readily than those with higher stage
      lesions (P = .01). As predicted by the higher stage and percentage of central
      lesions, the disease-free survival of nonrandomized patients was inferior to that
      of randomized patients (P = .15). Thus, patients at high risk appeared to avoid
      randomization and adjuvant doxorubicin in this trial, resulting in an inferior
      disease-free survival for the nonrandomized control group. Important questions
      generally require randomized trials that reliably determine relative treatment
      differences. If, however, the patients in a clinical trial are not representative
      of the entire patient population because of patient and physician selection
      biases, the generalizability of the results to the entire patient population may
      be compromised. For example, the prognosis of the general population cannot
      necessarily be inferred from the selected group in the study. In this study, the
      randomized and nonrandomized series yielded differing conclusions regarding
      treatment efficacy, even when an adjustment was made for known prognostic facts.

PMID- 4020413
TI  - Dichloromethotrexate--a critical reassessment.

PMID- 4020414
TI  - Combination intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

PMID- 4020415
TI  - The coordination of arm movements: an experimentally confirmed mathematical
      model.
AB  - This paper presents studies of the coordination of voluntary human arm movements.
      A mathematical model is formulated which is shown to predict both the qualitative
      features and the quantitative details observed experimentally in planar,
      multijoint arm movements. Coordination is modeled mathematically by defining an
      objective function, a measure of performance for any possible movement. The
      unique trajectory which yields the best performance is determined using dynamic
      optimization theory. In the work presented here, the objective function is the
      square of the magnitude of jerk (rate of change of acceleration) of the hand
      integrated over the entire movement. This is equivalent to assuming that a major
      goal of motor coordination is the production of the smoothest possible movement
      of the hand. Experimental observations of human subjects performing voluntary
      unconstrained movements in a horizontal plane are presented. They confirm the
      following predictions of the mathematical model: unconstrained point-to-point
      motions are approximately straight with bell-shaped tangential velocity profiles;
      curved motions (through an intermediate point or around an obstacle) have
      portions of low curvature joined by portions of high curvature; at points of high
      curvature, the tangential velocity is reduced; the durations of the low-curvature
      portions are approximately equal. The theoretical analysis is based solely on the
      kinematics of movement independent of the dynamics of the musculoskeletal system
      and is successful only when formulated in terms of the motion of the hand in
      extracorporal space. The implications with respect to movement organization are
      discussed.

PMID- 4020416
TI  - Quantitative comparison of the structural features of slow and fast neuromuscular
      junctions in Manduca.
AB  - The multiterminal slow and fast neuromuscular junctions of the moth Manduca sexta
      were compared using scanning, thin-section, and freeze-fracture techniques to see
      what structural features might underlie their functional differences. Slow
      neuromuscular junctions, here formed on tonic muscle fibers, produce a
      facilitating e.j.p. the amplitude of which is 1/5 to 1/3 the size of a fast
      excitatory junction potential (EJP) and the duration of which is nearly four
      times longer. A slow junction consists of a single terminal branch that is
      shorter in length than either of the pair of branches that a fast junction forms
      close together on the muscle fiber. Within the junction, slow nerve terminals
      exhibit longer, more frequent constrictions and are very varicose compared with
      fast. Since fast larval junctions on tonic muscle fibers are also varicose
      (Schaner and Rheuben, 1985), this is unlikely to represent an intrinsic property
      of the nerve. However, calculations of the length constants of the varicose
      versus nonvaricose shapes indicate that the effect of passive cable properties on
      normal functioning may act to limit the length of the slow terminals more than
      that of fast. Even though the varicose shape can be predicted to prolong the time
      course of the EJP, calculations show that, at the measured length, this would not
      explain the very long EJP that is observed. Within the neuromuscular junctions,
      the synapses are characterized on the muscle membrane by a patch of densely
      packed particles on the external leaflet and on the nerve membrane by a single
      linear active zone. The total number of synapses per slow junction is about 1/3
      that of fast junctions. There is a weak correlation between average area of the
      individual postsynaptic particle patches and cross-sectional area of the muscle
      fibers that transcends nerve and muscle fiber types. The average lengths of
      active zones from the two types do not differ significantly. However, the number
      of particles per active zone in slow junctions is about 55% of the number in fast
      active zones. Chemically fixed slow nerve terminals have a greater density of
      synaptic vesicles remaining than do fast. If a proportion of the active zone
      particles represent structures directly involved in the probability of
      transmitter release, such as Ca++ channels, then the latter two characteristics
      may jointly reflect differences in capability to release and mobilize transmitter
      that would partly explain the different EJP amplitude and facilitation
      properties.

PMID- 4020417
TI  - Fast and slow nerve growth factor binding sites in human neuroblastoma and rat
      pheochromocytoma cell lines: relationship of sites to each other and to neurite
      formation.
AB  - We studied (a) the distribution and properties of fast and slow 125I-nerve growth
      factor (125I-NGF) binding sites in cultured human neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines
      that were categorized as responsive (N+) or unresponsive (N-) to NGF by neurite
      outgrowth, (b) whether fast or slow sites mediate actions of NGF, and (c) whether
      NGF-mediated conversion of fast to slow sites occurs in human NB and
      pheochromocytoma PC 12 cells. In human NB SH-SY5Y cells, the slow sites were
      trypsin resistant and binding was of high affinity. Loss of binding to the slow
      sites had a half-time of 25 to 30 min at 37 degrees C and was very slow at 4
      degrees C. In contrast, the fast sites were trypsin sensitive and binding was of
      lower affinity; its dissociation half-time was less than 1 min at 4 degrees C and
      37 degrees C. The association rate constants of both sites were about 0.8 to 1.2
      X 10(7) M-1 sec-1. Some human NB cells had both fast and slow sites. The N+ human
      NB lines SH-SY5Y and LA-N-5 had only slow sites. Despite the virtual elimination
      of fast sites by trypsin in NB MC-IXC cells, remaining slow sites could still
      efficiently bind 125I-NGF. These observations showed that fast sites are not
      required for slow site binding, neurite outgrowth, or other demonstrated actions
      of NGF in some NB cells. In PC 12 cells, 125I-NGF initially bound to fast sites
      was not directly transferred to slow sites as required for NGF-mediated
      conversion. The association rate constants of fast and slow sites in PC12 cells
      were both about 2 X 10(7) M-1 sec-1. The association kinetics were consistent
      with simple bimolecular reactions in both NB and PC12 cells. The combined
      evidence in NB and PC12 cells did not support the hypothesis of NGF-mediated
      conversion of fast to slow sites.

PMID- 4020418
TI  - Peripheral nerves in shiverer----dystrophic mouse chimeras: evidence that a non
      Schwann cell component is required for axon ensheathment in vivo.
AB  - Peripheral nerves in dystrophic mice express multiple axon ensheathment
      abnormalities. If an intrinsic deficiency expressed within the Schwann cells
      themselves were to account for this neuropathy, then such cells, existing in a
      chimera preparation, would be expected to express the same ensheathment
      abnormalities, whereas a coexisting population of non-dystrophic Schwann cells
      should not be similarly affected. The genotype of myelinated Schwann cells in
      shiverer----dystrophic chimera was established with immunocytochemical
      techniques. Shiverer myelin lacks the P1 component of myelin basic protein (MBP),
      whereas dystrophic myelin appears to contain normal levels of MBP. No correlation
      between the ensheathment characteristics of the chimera spinal roots and the
      genotype of the local Schwann cell population was found; both dystrophic Schwann
      cell populations expressing normalized ensheathment characteristics and shiverer
      Schwann cells failing to respond to the local presence of naked axons were
      observed. These results require that a defective extra Schwann cell component is
      involved in the pathogenesis of the dystrophic neuropathy. Moreover, the normal
      realization of that component appears to be a necessary prerequisite for shiverer
      Schwann cells to achieve full ensheathment competence. Although a definitive
      identification of the cell type(s) that expresses the dy gene locus has not been
      achieved in this chimera preparation, the observations are consistent with
      defective endoneurial fibroblast function.

PMID- 4020419
TI  - Immunocytochemical mapping of 1B236, a brain-specific neuronal polypeptide
      deduced from the sequence of a cloned mRNA.
AB  - The 318-amino acid, carboxy-terminal sequence of the putative brain-specific
      polypeptide 1B236 was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its cloned brain
      specific mRNA. Antisera raised against selected synthetic peptide fragments of
      this protein were used to map the cellular location of the presumptive gene
      product in the brains of normal or colchicine-pretreated adult rats. Antisera
      directed against any of three C-terminally located, but nonoverlapping,
      nonhomologous, synthetic peptide segments (P5, P6, or P7) produced virtually
      identical maps of intensely immunoreactive neuropil staining. The
      immunoreactivity was distributed heterogeneously and was most pronounced within
      olfactory, somatosensory, and limbic systems, and was more modest in certain
      motor and auditory structures. In colchicine-pretreated rats, large, multipolar
      perikarya were observed within the amygdala, caudate-putamen, cingulate,
      parietal, and piriform cortices, as well as in particular diencephalic and
      pontine nuclei. Smaller immunoreactive neurons with more limited dendritic
      extensions were observed in the olfactory bulb, the cerebellar cortex, and the
      dorsal horn and intermediolateral cell columns of the spinal cord. No
      immunoreactivity was observed in visceral structures innervated by the autonomic
      nervous system or in non-neural tissues. In addition to the virtually
      superimposable maps produced by antisera to all three synthetic fragments
      selected from the C-terminus of 1B236, some uniquely reactive sites were seen.
      Antisera to the most N-terminal of the three synthetic immunogens (P5) were
      reactive with neurons of the medial trapezoid nucleus and in nerve terminals
      surrounding the deep cerebellar nuclei. Antisera against the most C-terminal
      synthetic immunogen (P7) were reactive with neurons of the paraventricular and
      supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei. These data demonstrate that the 1B236 protein is
      located within selected neuronal elements within functionally related cellular
      circuits established more formally by other methods. Our data show that protein
      1B236-immunoreactive cells share at least the expression of this protein and
      suggest that these cells may also be related epigenetically or evolutionarily.
      These data, together with other subcellular, ultrastructural, and
      electrophysiological properties of 1B236, suggest that this protein could be
      considered as a prohormone capable of yielding several final candidate
      transmitter products.

PMID- 4020420
TI  - Development of neuromuscular specificity in the grasshopper embryo: guidance of
      motoneuron growth cones by muscle pioneers.
AB  - In the grasshopper embryo, neuromuscular specificity develops between individual
      identified motoneurons whose cell bodies are located in the central nervous
      system, and specific skeletal muscles in the periphery. We previously reported on
      a class of large mesodermal cells, called muscle pioneers (MPs), that arise early
      in development (Ho, R. K., E. E. Ball, and C. S. Goodman (1983) Nature 301: 66
      69). We suggested that the MPs might be involved in orchestrating the coordinated
      development of nerve and muscle. In this paper, we describe the development of
      the MP for coxal muscle 133a in the metathoracic limb bud, and its innervation by
      two excitatory motoneurons (fast, Df, and slow, Ds). Although many motoneuron
      growth cones extend out of nerve 5 and quite likely come in contact with the 133a
      MP between 35% and 45% of development, only Df and Ds display a high affinity for
      its surface; the other motoneurons innervate more distal leg muscles. When the
      133a MP is ablated before arrival of motoneurons in the limb bud, the Df growth
      cone extends past the location where it normally gets off nerve 5 and continues
      to extend distally along the same pathway taken by its sibling motoneuron.
      Although there is a mass of small mesodermal cells in the area where the
      differentiated coxal muscle 133a normally forms, evidently it does not provide
      the necessary guidance cue for the Df growth cone. These results indicate the
      important role played by MPs in the specific guidance of motoneuron growth cones
      in the grasshopper embryo.

PMID- 4020421
TI  - Uncrossed and crossed inhibition in the inferior colliculus of the cat: a
      combined 2-deoxyglucose and electrophysiological study.
AB  - The cat inferior colliculus (IC) was studied with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). By
      presenting high-frequency tone bursts to one ear and white noise bursts
      simultaneously to the other, a band of reduced or inhibitory labeling was
      revealed in the central nucleus (ICC) of the IC ipsilateral to the ear receiving
      the tone bursts. It was concluded that this ipsilateral inhibition might be
      related to the organization of excitatory/inhibitory units in ICC. In the
      opposite ICC, narrow bands of increased labeling were seen. In some animals, the
      positions of single units were marked, and tone frequencies were presented under
      2-DG, which were the same as these units' characteristic frequencies (CFs). The
      positions of the units coincided with the position of the inhibitory bands,
      indicating that they were functional isofrequency-inhibitory contours. Unlike
      higher auditory centers, the binaural inhibitory areas were in register with and
      not orthogonal to the excitatory isofrequency contours. The inhibitory contours
      were generally larger than the excitatory contours and became even larger in more
      caudal sections. Both the inhibitory and excitatory contours extended into dorsal
      cortex areas of IC. In two other cats, high-frequency tone bursts and white noise
      bursts were presented to the same ear, and both a band of increased and a band of
      reduced labelling were found in the IC contralateral to this ear. The inhibitory
      band was always lateral to the excitatory band and was often smaller. They did
      not become larger in more caudal sections. The position of a unit in one cat was
      marked by pontamine sky blue, and the position of the unit coincided with the
      position of the excitatory band. It was concluded that this lateral inhibitory
      band represents high-frequency inhibitory sidebands of cells with CFs lower than
      the stimulating tone. It is concluded that the 2-DG method might reveal hitherto
      unknown inhibitory systems if stimuli could be combined with diffuse stimuli that
      raised the general background activity of sensory systems.

PMID- 4020422
TI  - Structure and expression of the egg-laying hormone gene family in Aplysia.
AB  - Transcription of the egg-laying hormone (ELH) gene family was examined by
      characterizing homologous cDNA clones from abdominal ganglion and atrial gland
      cDNA libraries. All cDNAs contain an exon that spans the coding region (exon III)
      and one or two additional exons. The tissue-specific expression of the ELH gene
      family was confirmed by the observation that exon III encodes the ELH precursor
      protein in the bag cell transcripts and either the A or B precursor proteins in
      the atrial gland transcripts. The cDNA clones also contain 5' untranslated exons
      not present in the previously isolated genomic clones. One type of transcript has
      a 40-base pair segment, designated exon I, contiguous with exon III. A second
      type of transcript has an additional 149 base pairs of DNA, designated exon II,
      located between exons I and III. Several genomic clones containing exons I and II
      were isolated. DNA sequence analysis reveals that exons I and II are directly
      linked and that they are separated from exon III by an intervening sequence of at
      least 5 kilobases (kb). Consensus sequences for a putative promotor region and
      also for RNA splicing and polyadenylation were identified. From this work we can
      describe a prototype ELH gene complete with identified sequences necessary for
      the proper initiation of transcription and the subsequent processing of the
      transcript.

PMID- 4020423
TI  - Optical mapping of electrical activity in rat somatosensory and visual cortex.
AB  - We have investigated the use of optical methods for monitoring neuron activity in
      mammalian cortex. The cortex was stained with a voltage-sensitive dye and
      fluorescence was simultaneously measured from 124 areas using a photodiode array.
      Optical signals were detected in rat somatosensory cortex in response to small
      whisker movements and in visual cortex in response to light flashes to the eye.
      Relatively large signals were obtained during focal interictal epileptiform
      discharges induced by bicuculline. The measuring system had a time resolution of
      milliseconds and a spatial resolution of a few hundred micrometers. Simultaneous,
      multi-site optical recordings of activity may provide a new and potentially
      powerful method for studying function and dysfunction in mammalian cortex.

PMID- 4020424
TI  - Kinetics and autoradiography of high affinity uptake of serotonin by primary
      astrocyte cultures.
AB  - Primary astrocyte cultures prepared from the cerebral cortices of neonatal rats
      showed significant accumulation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; [3H]-5-HT). At
      concentrations in the range of 0.01 to 0.7 microM [3H]-5-HT, this uptake was 50
      to 85% Na+ dependent and gave a Km of 0.40 +/- 0.11 microM [3H]-5-HT and a Vmax
      of 6.42 +/- 0.85 (+/- SEM) pmol of [3H]-5-HT/mg of protein/4 min for the Na+
      dependent component. In the absence of Na+ the uptake was nonsaturable. Omission
      of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline markedly reduced the Na+-dependent
      component of [3H]-5-HT uptake but had a negligible effect on the Na+-independent
      component. This suggest significant oxidative deamination of serotonin after it
      has been taken up by the high affinity system, followed by release of its
      metabolite. We estimated that this system enabled the cells to concentrate [3H]-5
      HT up to 44-fold at an external [3H]-5-HT concentration of 10(-7) M. Inhibition
      of [3H]-5-HT uptake by a number of clinically effective antidepressants was also
      consistent with a specific high affinity uptake mechanism for 5-HT, the order of
      effectiveness of inhibition being chlorimipramine greater than fluoxetine greater
      than imipramine = amitriptyline greater than desmethylimipramine greater than
      iprindole greater than mianserin. Uptake of [3H]-5-HT was dependent on the
      presence of Cl- as well as Na+ in the medium, and the effect of omission of both
      ions was nonadditive. Varying the concentration of K+ in the media from 1 to 50
      mM had a limited effect on [3H]-5-HT uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020425
TI  - The effects of a myasthenic serum on the acetylcholine receptors of C2 myotubes.
      I. Immunological distinction between the two toxin-binding sites of the receptor.
AB  - We have examined the effect of a serum from a patient with myasthenia gravis on
      the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx) to the acetylcholine receptors
      (AChRs) of a mouse muscle cell line, C2. After a 2-hr incubation, antibodies in
      the serum reduced toxin binding to C2 myotubes to a maximal extent of
      approximately 50%. The degradation of surface AChRs could account for the loss of
      only 5% of sites during the incubation; the remainder, therefore, must have been
      lost by blockage of binding. To investigate whether the antibodies blocked
      specifically one of the two toxin-binding sites that each AChR possesses, we used
      an analysis based on that of Sine, S. W., and P. Taylor, [1981) J. Biol. Chem.
      255: 10144-10156). Although the two sites could not be distinguished by their
      rates of binding of alpha-BuTx, d-tubocurarine (dTC) inhibition of the initial
      rate of toxin binding revealed that the sites had affinities for dTC that
      differed by approximately 30-fold. Incubation with the myasthenic antibodies
      reduced the number of high affinity dTC sites, without affecting those of low
      affinity. We conclude that the two toxin-binding sites of the AChR are
      immunologically distinct.

PMID- 4020426
TI  - Loss of supernumerary axons during neuronal morphogenesis.
AB  - The morphogenesis of individual neurons was investigated in the cardiac ganglion
      of the frog. Intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase shows that mature
      neurons lack dendrites and have a single axon. Early in development, more than
      half of the neurons are multipolar and have as many as four processes emanating
      from their cell body. The most likely mechanism for the developmental
      transformation of larval neurons is that the supernumerary processes are pruned
      from the cell body. Supernumerary processes in larval neurons have features
      characteristic of axons. The processes of larval neurons can be highly branched
      and extend throughout the target with distinctive varicosities along the length
      of each process. Electron microscopy shows that all processes of individually
      injected cells contain clusters of vesicles apposed to active zones. Thus, the
      larval cardiac ganglion neuron is capable of extending more than one axon from
      its cell body.

PMID- 4020427
TI  - Molecular weight determinations of soluble and membrane-bound fractions of
      choline O-acetyltransferase in rat brain.
AB  - Three fractions of choline O-acetyltransferase (ChAT) (EC 2.3.1.6) were
      solubilized from a nerve ending fraction of rat forebrain using three sequential
      washes of an increasingly chaotrophic nature (100 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.4;
      500 mM NaCl; 2% Triton DN-65) as previously described (Benishin, C.G., and P.T.
      Carroll (1983) J. Neurochem. 41: 1030-1039). The molecular weights of the soluble
      (NaP) and membrane-bound fractions (NaCl and 2% Triton DN-65) of ChAT, following
      partial purification, were determined using either gel filtration on Sephadex G
      200, G-100 Superfine, or sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by "Western blotting" and immunochemical
      visualization of ChAT with four different anti-ChAT monoclonal antibodies (Ab8,
      Ab9, 4D7, and 1E6). Results obtained with gel filtration indicated that the NaP-
      and Triton DN-65-solubilized fractions of ChAT had molecular weights in the range
      of 73,000 to 78,000, whereas the NaCl-solubilized fraction of ChAT had a
      molecular weight in the range of 230,000 to 240,000. Results obtained with SDS
      PAGE and Western blotting indicated that all three fractions of ChAT were
      composed of the same nonidentical subunits.

PMID- 4020428
TI  - Localized survival of ciliary ganglionic neurons identifies neuronotrophic factor
      bands on nitrocellulose blots.
AB  - A novel and sensitive method has been developed to identify ciliary
      neuronotrophic factors (CNTFs) from tissue extracts after blotting to
      nitrocellulose paper. The CNTF proteins are required for the in vitro survival of
      embryonic chick ciliary ganglionic neurons. Tissue extracts containing such CNTFs
      are electrophoresed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose paper. Purified ciliary
      ganglionic neurons are seeded on the surface of the nitrocellulose blot, and the
      culture is incubated for 24 hr in medium lacking CNTF. CNTF can be localized on
      the blot because it retains its ability to support the survival of the neurons
      cultured on the nitrocellulose. A band of viable neurons, easily visualized by
      staining with a vital dye, is supported by the blotted CNTF polypeptide. The
      number of neurons surviving on the blotted CNTF is related to the amount of CNTF
      originally loaded on the electrophoretic gel. As little as 2 ng (16 trophic
      units) of CNTF protein contained in crude tissue extracts can be loaded on the
      sodium dodecyl sulfate gel and still be recognized by the cultured neurons. This
      method was used to identify CNTF polypeptides from extracts of adult rat nerve
      (24,000 and 19,000 daltons) and from tissue found near experimentally induced
      adult rat brain lesions (24,000 daltons). The electrophoretic mobilities of these
      peptides are distinct from the previously purified chick eye CNTF polypeptide
      (20,400 daltons).

PMID- 4020429
TI  - Localization of choline acetyltransferase within identified motoneurons of the
      nematode Ascaris.
AB  - Choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity has been measured in the nematode
      Ascaris lumbricoides. Strips of hypodermal tissue which contained branches of
      single identified motoneurons (Stretton, A.O.W., R.M. Fishpool, E. Southgate,
      J.E. Donmoyer, J.P. Walrond, and I.S. Kass (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
      75: 3493-3497) as well as control strips containing no neural tissue were
      assayed. In strips of hypodermis which contained branches of excitatory
      motoneurons (classes DE1, DE2, and DE3), CAT activity was elevated 5 to 10 times
      compared to control levels. Branches of inhibitory motoneurons (classes D1 and
      V1) did not add to the level of CAT observed in the controls. These data provide
      additional support for the suggestion (e.g., del Castillo, J., W.C. deMello, and
      T. Morales (1963) Experientia 20: 141) that acetylcholine is an excitatory
      neurotransmitter at nematode neuromuscular junctions. The function of the low
      level of CAT observed throughout the hypodermis is unknown.

PMID- 4020430
TI  - Dendritic transport. II. Somatofugal movement of neuronal lysosomes induced by
      colchicine: evidence for a novel transport system in dendrites.
AB  - The effect of colchicine injections on the ultrastructural localization of
      dipeptidyl peptidase II (Dpp II) was studied in the mitral cells of the rat
      olfactory bulb. In control animals, electron-dense reaction product representing
      Dpp II activity was observed in lysosomes, lipofuscin granules, short cisternae
      located close to the granular endoplasmic reticulum, and dense granules.
      Lysosomes and lipofuscin granules were the most intensely stained organelles. Dpp
      II-containing organelles were localized mainly to the cell body and were randomly
      distributed in the perikaryal cytoplasm. Twenty-four hours after a 100-micrograms
      intracerebroventricular colchicine injection, the distribution of Dpp II
      containing organelles was drastically altered. Short cisternae and dense granules
      containing Dpp II reaction product were noticeably absent in these preparations.
      Lysosomes and lipofuscin granules were depleted from the perikaryal cytoplasm and
      were concentrated in dendrites. Lysosomes were observed to extend for
      considerable distances in dendrites where they acquired elongated and dumbbell
      shapes. The shapes of some of these labeled lysosomes gave the impression that
      they were actively being "pulled" into the dendrites. These results indicate that
      microtubules sequester lysosomes to the perikaryal cytoplasm and suggest the
      presence of a novel transport system responsible for the movement of lysosomes
      from the cell body to the dendrites.

PMID- 4020431
TI  - Differential synapse formation and neurite outgrowth at two branches of the
      metacerebral cell of Aplysia in dissociated cell culture.
AB  - The metacerebral cell (MCC) of Aplysia californica was isolated with its
      bifurcate axon from the cerebral ganglion and maintained in vitro under three
      conditions: (a) with no targets, (b) with identified buccal ganglion neurons B1
      or B2 placed near the stump of the large diameter cerebral-buccal connective
      (CBC) branch, and (c) with B1 or B2 placed near the stump of the small diameter
      posterior lip nerve (PLN) branch. After 5 days in culture, the two branches
      differed significantly in the formation of chemical connections and in the extent
      of neurite outgrowth. Chemical connections characteristic of MCC-B1(B2)
      connections in vivo were observed in more than 90% of the cultures in which the
      buccal neuron was contacted by neurites emerging from the CBC branch, but in only
      20% of the cultures in which the buccal neuron was contacted by neurites
      extending from the PLN branch. Neurite outgrowth from the CBC stump was always
      greater than growth from the PLN and was not affected significantly by the
      presence of a buccal neuron target at either branch. In contrast, neurite
      outgrowth from the PLN decreased significantly when the target was contacted by
      neurites from the CBC branch. These results suggest that two branches of a single
      neuron can differ in their capacities to form chemical connections. In addition,
      the two branches show differential growth as a result of target interaction at
      one of the branches. This simple in vitro system may therefore be useful in
      exploring the ways in which individual neurons control neurite extension from
      different branches as they seek to form chemical connections with their targets.

PMID- 4020432
TI  - Environmental influences in the development of neural crest derivatives:
      glucocorticoids, growth factors, and chromaffin cell plasticity.
AB  - The neural crest gives rise to three major adrenergic cell types: sympathetic
      principal neurons, adrenal chromaffin cells, and small intensely fluorescent
      (SIF) cells. All of these derivatives synthesize and store catecholamines, but
      they differ in numerous other characteristics. SIF cells appear intermediate in
      phenotype between the other two. We have examined the role of several
      environmental factors in the differentiation of sympathetic principal neurons and
      adrenal chromaffin cells. In previous studies of young rat adrenal chromaffin
      cells in dissociated cell culture, differentiated characteristics such as the
      presence of the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), epinephrine
      (E) synthesis, and large catecholamine storage vesicles were not well maintained.
      Here we describe long-term culture of chromaffin cells which, in the presence of
      micromolar glucocorticoid, maintained all of these characteristics. In addition,
      chromaffin cells of a variety of ages were found to be dependent on
      glucocorticoid for long-term survival in culture. In the absence of
      glucocorticoid, many adrenal chromaffin cells from neonatal rats could be rescued
      by nerve growth factor (NGF) administration. They extended neurites, as
      previously described by Unsicker and colleagues (Unsicker, K., B. Krisch, U.
      Otten, and H. Thoenen (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75: 3498-3502). In
      contrast to previous studies, however, with long-term exposure to NGF these cells
      became indistinguishable from mature sympathetic neurons, as judged by the
      following morphological and biochemical criteria: increased cell size and loss of
      intense CA fluorescence in their cell bodies; acquisition of characteristic
      neuronal ultrastructure, including morphologically specialized synapses; loss of
      chromaffin granules, PNMT, and E synthesis; and acquisition of neuron markers,
      including tetanus toxin labeling and immunoreactivity to neurofilament protein.
      This conversion to neurons was markedly enhanced by addition of a non-neuronal
      cell conditioned medium (CM) containing a neurite-promoting factor, which acted
      by increasing the NGF responsiveness of the chromaffin cells. Even chromaffin
      cells from adult rats, which are known to grow few processes in response to NGF
      alone, became neuronal in the presence of this CM plus NGF. While converting to
      neurons, adrenal chromaffin cells transiently assumed an intermediate phenotype
      resembling type I SIF cells, which suggests particular developmental
      relationships between the different cell types of the sympathoadrenal
      lineage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4020433
TI  - Small intensely fluorescent cells in culture: role of glucocorticoids and growth
      factors in their development and interconversions with other neural crest
      derivatives.
AB  - The neural crest gives rise to a number of adrenergic derivatives, including
      sympathetic neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells, which contain catecholamines
      (CAs) but differ in other morphological and functional characteristics. Small
      intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, which exist primarily as a minority cell
      population in autonomic ganglia, are a third cell type in the sympathoadrenal
      branch of the neural crest lineage. In some respects these cells appear
      intermediate in phenotype between sympathetic neurons and adrenal chromaffin
      cells. We established pure dissociated cell cultures of SIF cells from rat
      superior cervical ganglia (SCG) and used these to study the role of environmental
      factors in SIF cell development and the relationship of these cells to the other
      cell types of the sympathoadrenal lineage. When cells from neonatal rat SCG were
      grown for 3 weeks in the presence of glucocorticoid and in the absence of nerve
      growth factor (NGF), pure cultures of SIF cells developed. The properties of the
      cells included (i) small cell size and the occasional presence of short neurites,
      (ii) intense CA histofluorescence and immunoreactivity for CA synthetic enzymes,
      (iii) synthesis and storage of CA from radioactive precursors, and (iv)
      characteristic ultrastructure. The concentration of the glucocorticoid and the
      presence or absence of non-neuronal cell factors influenced which types of SIF
      cells developed. In micromolar glucocorticoid most of the cells resembled adrenal
      chromaffin or type II SIF cells: they displayed immunohistochemically detectable
      phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), synthesized and stored
      epinephrine, and contained large granular vesicles (100 to 300 nm). When SCG
      cells were grown in 10(-8) M hormone, many fewer SIF cells developed and a higher
      percentage of these lacked PNMT immunoreactivity, had neurites, and contained
      vesicles of smaller mean diameter (70 to 130 nm), similar to those of type I SIF
      cells in vivo. In the presence of conditioned medium (medium conditioned by non
      neuronal cells) as well as glucocorticoid, virtually all of the cells
      morphologically resembled type I SIF cells. In the absence of glucocorticoid, no
      SIF cells were ever observed after 3 weeks in culture. By following the
      development of CA histofluorescence and SIF cell ultrastructure in the cultures
      over time, we demonstrated that SIF cells were not present in large numbers in
      these cultures immediately after plating, but were induced from an apparently
      undifferentiated precursor by the hormonal environment, whereas most of the
      principal neurons died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4020434
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors and regulation of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase
      activity in cultured chromaffin cells.
AB  - Glucocorticoids are known to regulate the enzyme phenylethanolamine-N
      methyltransferase (PNMT) in the adrenal medulla of the rat and are thereby
      thought to control the synthesis of epinephrine. We have examined the details of
      this relationship in a simplified system, chromaffin cell primary cultures
      derived from bovine adrenal medulla. Cultured chromaffin cells were found to have
      a cytosolic, high affinity, saturable glucocorticoid-binding protein with the
      steroid specificity of a classical glucocorticoid receptor and a Kd of
      approximately 1 nM. Treatment of cultured cells with dexamethasone or
      hydrocortisone at any time up to 21 days in culture increased PNMT activity in
      the soluble fraction of the cell. The concentration of hormone required to
      produce a half-maximal response was 10 nM dexamethasone when cells were cultured
      in the presence of 5% fetal calf serum, or 1 nM in a defined serum-free medium.
      These dose-response relationships are consistent with mediation of this effect by
      the glucocorticoid receptor. Unexpectedly, however, the glucocorticoid-induced
      increment in PNMT activity was not inhibited by cycloheximide at concentrations
      up to 50 microM, and an acceleration of protein synthesis by insulin treatment
      did not augment the glucocorticoid effect on PNMT. Treatment of the cells with
      dexamethasone (100 microM) prevented the decline in the epinephrine-to
      norepinephrine ratio seen over time in culture, an effect consistent with
      increased PNMT activity. However, there was no effect of dexamethasone on the
      ability of the cells to secrete catecholamines in response to stimulation with
      high KCl or 30 microM nicotine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020435
TI  - Gating properties of acetylcholine receptors at developing rat endplates.
AB  - The gating properties of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) change during the
      development of rat soleus endplates. During the first 3 weeks after birth, the
      apparent mean channel open time (tau) decreases severalfold and the single
      channel conductance (gamma) increases 50%. To better understand this phenomenon,
      we used a combination of noise analysis, analysis of miniature endplate currents
      (MEPCs), and single-channel recordings to quantify the relative levels of fast
      and slow AChR activity at developing soleus endplates. When the same endplates
      were studied with both noise analysis and MEPC analysis, results obtained with
      the two techniques were strongly correlated, but MEPC analysis yielded higher
      estimates of the relative amount of slow channel activity. Experiments designed
      to examine the distribution of fast and slow channels gave no evidence for a
      gradient of either channel type within individual endplates; rather, fast and
      slow channels appeared to be mixed together. However, the relative amount of fast
      and slow channel activity did vary markedly among different endplates within
      individual muscles. In agreement with earlier studies, we found a progressive
      decrease in the relative amount of slow channel activity during the first 3 weeks
      after birth. However, our data indicate that this process begins sooner than
      reported previously and takes longer to complete. Some of the same endplates that
      were studied physiologically were also examined in the electron microscope to
      test the hypothesis that changes in AChR gating might be related to
      ultrastructural changes such as the formation of folds. The physiological and
      ultrastructural results were essentially uncorrelated.

PMID- 4020436
TI  - The morphology of physiologically identified GABAergic neurons in the somatic
      sensory part of the thalamic reticular nucleus in the cat.
AB  - Neurons with somatic sensory receptive fields were examined
      electrophysiologically in the thalamic reticular nucleus of the cat. All cells
      had receptive fields much larger than those of neurons in the ventral posterior
      nucleus and were driven by less readily defined somesthetic stimuli. Response
      latencies to peripheral or medial lemniscal stimulation were, on average, longer
      than in the ventral posterior nucleus and suggested activation of the reticular
      nucleus cells by collaterals of thalamocortical relay cell axons arising in the
      ventral posterior nucleus. When injected intracellularly with horseradish
      peroxidase, reticular nucleus cells displayed thin axons with intrareticular
      collaterals and diffuse branches through much of the ventral posterior and
      posterior thalamic nuclei. Dendrites ended in processes resembling synaptic
      terminals. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of the same part of the
      reticular nucleus revealed processes immunoreactive for glutamic acid
      decarboxylase and identifiable as both collateral axon terminals and presynaptic
      dendrites of GABAergic reticular nucleus cells. These synaptically linked
      reticular nucleus cells and, in addition, immunoreactive somata and presynaptic
      dendrites received synapses from at least three varieties of nonimmunoreactive
      profiles.

PMID- 4020437
TI  - Structure and function of electrosensory neurons in the torus semicircularis of
      Eigenmannia: morphological correlates of phase and amplitude sensitivity.
AB  - Structure-function relations in the electrosensory system of Eigenmannia were
      examined by labeling physiologically characterized neurons of the dorsal torus
      semicircularis. The sensitivity of cells to modulations in amplitude (AMs) and
      modulations in differential phase was determined. Approximately half of the 48
      cell types defined by Golgi studies (Carr, C.E., and L. Maler (1985) J. Comp.
      Neurol. 235: 207-240) were identified in this manner. The majority of the neurons
      located in laminae (8a, b, c, and d, and 9 exhibited sensitivity to differential
      phase. In laminae 5 and 7, however, in addition to neurons which were sensitive
      to differential phase, many cells were found that were purely AM sensitive.
      Differential phase sensitivity originates in the small cells of lamina 6
      (Heiligenberg, W., and G. Rose (1985) J. Neurosci. 5: 515-531), the exclusive
      termination site of phase-coding afferents from the electrosensory lateral line
      lobe. Cells that had dendritic extensions into the neuropil of lamina 6 exhibited
      sensitivity to differential phase, whereas neurons lacking dendrites in this
      lamina were only excited by AMs. These findings support the notion of a
      relationship between the morphology and laminar position of a neuron and its
      function.

PMID- 4020438
TI  - Independent steroid control of the fates of motoneurons and their muscles during
      insect metamorphosis.
AB  - The metamorphosis of insects is controlled by the blood titers of a small number
      of developmental hormones including a class of steroids, the ecdysteroids. We
      have studied the developmental fates of several muscles and their motoneurons
      during the larval-pupal transformation of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.
      The endocrine events which trigger pupal development are first, a fall in the
      blood titer of juvenile hormone, followed by two subsequent elevations of blood
      ecdysteroids. The small "commitment pulse" of ecdysteroids commits tissues to
      pupal development, whereas the sustained "prepupal peak" causes the new pupa to
      be formed (Riddiford, L. M. (1980) In Progress in Ecdysone Research, J.A.
      Hoffmann, ed., pp. 409-430, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam).
      In the present experiments we were able to correlate specific aspects of the
      changing blood steroid titers with the degeneration of larval muscles, and with
      the dendritic regression and death of their motoneurons. The abdominal prolegs,
      which are the principal locomotory appendages of the caterpillar, are lost during
      the larval-pupal transformation. We have followed the fates of a proleg retractor
      muscle, PPRM, and its single motoneuron, PPR. Two other differently fated
      abdominal muscles not associated with the proleg were also studied. Surgical and
      endocrinological manipulations showed that PPRM degenerates in response to the
      rising phase of the prepupal ecdysteroid peak and that interactions with its
      motoneuron are not involved in the muscle's death. Motoneuron PPR responds to the
      rising prepupal peak by first reducing its dendritic arbor by 40% and then dying.
      Other proleg motoneurons regress but do not die, indicating that dendritic
      regression is programmed separately from neuronal death. Neither the dendritic
      reduction nor the death of PPR involves interactions with its target muscle.
      These results indicate that ecdysteroids have independent and parallel effects in
      the periphery, where they cause muscle degeneration, and in the central nervous
      system, where they cause dendritic regression and death of motoneurons.

PMID- 4020439
TI  - Management of acoustic neuromas, 1978-1983.
AB  - The surgical aspects of 162 consecutive procedures for removal of acoustic
      neuromas, performed from 1978 through 1983, are reviewed. Nearly all of the
      procedures were done through a retrosigmoid suboccipital craniectomy. Most used
      the combined skills of a neurosurgeon and an otological surgeon. Total tumor
      removal was accomplished in 98% of cases. There have been two recurrences and one
      postoperative death. The facial nerve was preserved in 81% of procedures. Facial
      function returned in nearly all of these patients, but the degree of return was
      variable. The cochlear nerve was preserved in 55 patients, but hearing was
      present in only 14. The most common complication was cerebrospinal fluid
      otorhinorrhea (12%); about half of these patients required a secondary procedure.
      Other complications were meningitis (5%), aspiration (3%), and hemorrhage (2%).
      During the period reviewed, several changes occurred in management of this
      disorder. These procedures are now being done by a surgical team. The
      neurosurgeon performs the intracranial work and the otological surgeon
      accomplishes the temporal bone dissection. Most patients undergo the operation in
      the supine rather than the sitting position. During the operation, the facial
      nerve is monitored continuously by electromyography with intermittent bipolar
      stimulation. There appears to be continuing improvement in the management of
      these patients.

PMID- 4020440
TI  - Stenotic and occlusive disease of the venous drainage system of deep brain AVM's.
AB  - Angiograms obtained prior to treatment in 53 cases of deep-seated cerebral
      arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) were retrospectively analyzed with particular
      attention to the topography of the AVM nidus and the venous drainage. The
      location of the lesion was determined by a combination of angiography and
      computerized tomography. Twenty-seven AVM's involved the basal ganglia and
      thalamus, 12 were located in the corpus callosum, six were intraventricular, and
      eight involved the mesencephalon and brain stem. Forty-one patients (77.3%)
      presented with intracranial hemorrhage. Vessel wall irregularities and/or
      stenosis of the system of the vein of Galen were observed in 14 cases, and
      occlusion of the deep venous system was present in seven cases. These AVM's
      showed numerous collateral venous pathways through enlarged medullary and
      cortical regional veins. There was dominant participation of the basal vein of
      Rosenthal in all cases. Unique local hemodynamic factors produced by the
      convergence of the draining veins of the AVM's into the vein of Galen and
      straight sinus may lead to a higher incidence of stenosis and/or occlusion of the
      venous drainage. The relatively high incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in
      these deep-seated AVM's may suggest a relationship between an increased incidence
      of intracranial bleeding and impaired venous outlets.

PMID- 4020441
TI  - Successful management of an intracranial arteriovenous malformation by
      conventional irradiation.
AB  - The reduction of an intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) by conventional
      radiation therapy is described in a patient who refused surgery. The 2-year
      follow-up angiogram documented nearly complete obliteration of the nidus of the
      AVM, accompanied by progressive narrowing of the arteries supplying the lesion.
      The scanty literature dealing with this form of treatment is summarized.

PMID- 4020442
TI  - Post-decompression optic neuropathy.
AB  - Blindness resulting from a decompressive craniotomy is uncommon. Five patients
      with intracranial tumors and papilledema who developed a bilateral optic
      neuropathy during an apparently uncomplicated craniotomy are presented. Symptoms
      of visual field loss were minimal preoperatively in four. Visual recovery in
      general was poor. The nerve fiber bundle pattern of visual field loss in these
      cases implicates the optic disc as the site of damage in this disorder. It is
      postulated that hypoperfusion to the prelaminar portion of the optic nerve is the
      underlying cause.

PMID- 4020443
TI  - Acute cerebral revascularization.
AB  - Fifteen patients evaluated for acute cerebral ischemia underwent acute cerebral
      revascularization between March, 1979, and May, 1983. Clinical presentation
      included crescendo transient ischemic attacks (TIA's) in eight cases, progressing
      neurological dysfunction in three cases, and completed nonfluctuating deficits in
      four cases. Nine patients received intravenous heparin but did not improve
      neurologically. The patients with crescendo TIA's were operated on within 4 hours
      of their last event; those with progressing deficits were operated on while the
      deficit was developing, and those with established deficits were operated on 4,
      6, 9, and 12 hours, respectively, after the event began. The clinical picture for
      10 patients had resolved within 10 hours after surgery. One patient with
      crescendo TIA's, two with progressing deficits, and two with established deficits
      had postoperative residual deficits, of which three were mild and two severe. One
      patient, who had a saphenous vein graft to the middle cerebral artery, developed
      an intracerebral hematoma. In this prospective noncontrolled nonrandomized study,
      acute cerebral revascularization was performed safely, had limited risks, and
      offered the potential to help some patients. Further controlled randomized
      studies are indicated.

PMID- 4020445
TI  - The lateral spinal artery of the upper cervical spinal cord. Anatomy, normal
      variations, and angiographic aspects.
AB  - The lateral spinal artery corresponds to the most rostral extent of the
      posterolateral arterial axis of the spinal cord. It supplies the posterior and
      lateral aspects of the spinal cord, and courses anterior to the posterior roots
      of the upper cervical spinal nerves (C-1 to C-4), and posterior to the dentate
      ligament. The lateral spinal artery anastomoses rostrally with the branches of
      the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) at the restiform body and
      laterally with the extraspinal arteries at the emergence of each nerve. It may
      originate either from the vertebral artery or from the PICA lateral to the
      medulla. Certain variations will cause an unusual but normal enlargement of the
      vessel in a specific portion of its course; these variations include vertebral
      artery duplication, a C-1 or C-2 vertebral origin of the PICA, a C-1 or C-2
      occipital origin of the PICA, and an intradural course of the vertebral artery at
      C-2. Knowledge of these variations in the arterial supply to the area allows for
      an understanding of the different anatomic peculiarities present and their
      angiographic importance.

PMID- 4020444
TI  - Infratentorial arachnoid cysts.
AB  - The infratentorial compartment represents the second most common location of
      arachnoid malformations. Ten arachnoid cysts of the posterior fossa, operated on
      between 1970 and 1983, are reviewed. These lesions, although congenital and
      developmental in nature, may present at any age, and males are more frequently
      affected. A high rate of birth-related trauma (50% in this series) is conceivably
      due to fetal macrocranium, and the enlarged head and psychomotor retardation
      prevail in infancy and childhood. In arachnoid cysts occurring during adulthood,
      symptoms and signs more clearly indicate a dysfunction of the posterior fossa.
      Besides computerized tomography, pneumoencephalography and metrizamide techniques
      are recommended to rule out a Dandy-Walker syndrome in doubtful cases, and to
      obtain information about the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. It is
      particularly important to establish the presence and type of communication of
      cysts with the CSF pathways. Although infratentorial cysts often communicate,
      they can be space-occupying masses because of increasing CSF retention, which may
      be due to a ball-valve mechanism or to inadequate communication. The frequently
      associated hydrocephalus (seven of the 10 cases in this series had hydrocephalus)
      seemed to be dependent mainly upon mechanical factors. The authors discuss the
      indications for intracranial surgery versus shunting procedures and report the
      results achieved by direct cyst excision.

PMID- 4020446
TI  - Intracranial pressure monitoring by flaccid-cuff catheter in an animal model.
AB  - Several methods of monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) are in current use,
      each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The intraventricular line has
      been most useful because of the ability to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid to assist
      in control of elevated ICP. However, masses within the brain or generalized
      increased ICP may compress the lateral ventricle, making insertion of the
      catheter difficult or impossible. The intracerebral wick records hydrostatic
      changes too slowly to be used clinically. Swollen cerebral tissue may occlude the
      subarachnoid bolt thereby dampening the recorded pressure, and epidural monitors
      may give falsely high recordings because of irregularities of dura or bone. The
      authors have developed a flaccid-cuff catheter which has proven in animals to be
      an effective ICP monitor. There are several advantages, such as easy insertion
      into the centrum semiovale, rapid response to acute pressure changes, and
      continued sensitivity for periods of up to 3 weeks. The flaccid catheter cuff has
      no tension so that the pressure across the membrane is equal to zero, simplifying
      calibration. This type of cuff is necessary for maximum sensitivity to
      interstitial, brain-tissue, and gross ICP changes. The flaccid-cuff catheter may
      prove to be useful in a variety of situations such as after closed head trauma or
      intracranial surgery to assess elevated ICP caused by edema or evolving hematoma.

PMID- 4020447
TI  - Perforating branches of the middle cerebral artery. Microsurgical anatomy of
      their extracerebral segments.
AB  - Perforating branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were examined under
      magnification in 50 formalin-fixed brain hemispheres. Perforating vessels varied
      in number from three to 18, with an average of nine. The greater the number of
      vessels, the smaller was their diameter. In this study, the perforating arteries
      were divided into medial, middle, and lateral groupings. Those in the medial
      group usually arose directly from the MCA main trunk close to the carotid
      bifurcation. There were usually three vessels in the middle group, which
      originated not only from the MCA trunk, but also from the MCA collateral
      (cortical) branches. Common stems, when present, gave rise to individual
      perforating vessels and occasionally to thin olfactory and insular rami.
      Perforating arteries in the lateral group varied from one to nine in number. In
      addition to an origin from the MCA trunk, they also arose from cortical branches
      supplying the frontal and temporal lobes. The fact that lateral perforating
      vessels often originated from division sites and from terminal branches of the
      MCA is of clinical significance, because aneurysms are more commonly located at
      the MCA bifurcation. Anastomoses were not found among the perforating arteries.
      In two specimens, a fusion between a perforating artery and the MCA trunk was
      noted. Since the perforating vessels are obviously end arteries, injury to them
      must be avoided during operations for MCA aneurysms.

PMID- 4020448
TI  - Recirculation model following MCA occlusion in rats. Cerebral blood flow,
      cerebrovascular permeability, and brain edema.
AB  - A new model for establishing a successful and consistent arterial recirculation
      has been devised following middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in the rat. A
      snare ligature was introduced at the stem of the MCA just distal to the
      lenticulostriate branches, and occlusion and recirculation were performed by
      pulling and releasing the thread. This method had an advantage over the use of a
      small clip which caused damage to the artery without good recirculation. Study of
      local cerebral blood flow using carbon-14 (14C)-iodoantipyrine, of
      cerebrovascular permeability using 14C-aminoisobutyric acid, and of brain-water
      content using the microgravimetric technique was performed upon recirculation
      following various periods of occlusion and compared with the results in permanent
      ischemia. A reactive hyperemia was noted within the previously ischemic area
      immediately upon recirculation following either a 30-minute or a 2-hour ischemic
      period. One or 2 hours later, delayed hypoperfusion developed in this region, but
      the circulation over the periphery of the ischemic area recovered well.
      Cerebrovascular permeability was not, however, altered during the time courses
      studied. Topographic changes in tissue specific gravity were compared between
      permanent and transient ischemia in the corresponding time-courses. Although
      there was a greater decrease in tissue specific gravity following recirculation
      when the ischemic period was maintained longer, edema formation was resolved by
      recirculation. Further study is required to determine thresholds of ischemic
      brain damage and edema formation at recirculation following focal cerebral
      ischemia.

PMID- 4020449
TI  - Cervical facetectomy and its effect on spine strength.
AB  - Fourteen cervical spine motion segments consisting of two adjacent vertebral
      bodies and their connecting ligaments were tested in shear. Five had intact facet
      joints, five had bilateral facetectomy of 50% or less, and four had bilateral 70%
      facetectomy. Three to 5 mm of root could be exposed in the specimens with 50%
      facetectomy, and 8 to 10 mm in those with 70% facetectomy. Anterior-posterior
      shear tests were run alternately in compression and distraction. Facetectomy was
      found to have no effect on compression and distraction stiffness. Failure in the
      70% facetectomized specimens was due to fracture of the remaining joint at 159
      lbs. In the specimens with 50% facetectomy, a fracture load could not be
      established since failure of the specimen mounting occurred at 208 lbs, as it did
      in two of the specimens without facetectomy that were tested to failure. The
      difference in bone fracture at 159 lbs and mounting failure at 208 lbs is
      significant at p less than 0.05. Bilateral resection of more than 50% of the
      facet joint significantly compromises the shear strength of a cervical spine
      motion segment.

PMID- 4020450
TI  - Diffuse form of primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis. Case report.
AB  - Primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis is rare, and the diffuse form is even rarer
      with only three cases reported in the literature. A fourth case is described in
      this report. Computerized tomography (CT) findings showed hydrocephalus with
      enhancement of the cerebral cisterns, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid
      obtained by lumbar puncture showed many atypical cells. Based on these findings,
      a diagnosis of leptomeningeal tumor was made. There was some improvement in
      neurological and CT findings following radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

PMID- 4020451
TI  - Pituitary apoplexy in an acromegalic patient during bromocriptine therapy. Case
      report.
AB  - The authors report a case of pituitary apoplexy that developed in a patient
      shortly after bromocriptine therapy was started for a growth hormone-secreting
      pituitary adenoma. The tumor was associated with visual impairment and ocular
      palsies, and was treated by transsphenoidal decompression. Although spontaneous
      tumor necrosis cannot be excluded, a causal role of bromocriptine treatment is
      suggested.

PMID- 4020452
TI  - Spontaneous hematomyelia secondary to factor XI deficiency. Case report.
AB  - A 34-year-old woman with Factor XI deficiency presented with rapidly progressive
      quadriplegia following a 1-week prodrome of cervical pain. At operation, a
      spontaneous hematomyelia was evacuated from the C4-6 vertebral level. The
      pathophysiology of spontaneous hematomyelia is discussed.

PMID- 4020453
TI  - Postoperative paraplegia with preserved intraoperative somatosensory evoked
      potentials. Case report.
AB  - Intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP's) are being used with
      increasing frequency to monitor neurological function during spinal surgery. The
      authors report a case of postoperative paraplegia that occurred despite preserved
      intraoperative SSEP's in an achondroplastic dwarf who underwent correction of a
      congenital kyphoscoliosis. Surgeons and anesthesiologists involved with SSEP
      monitoring should be aware that false-negative results may occur with this
      technique.

PMID- 4020455
TI  - A self-retaining multipore suction tube. Technical note.
AB  - A new self-retaining multipore suction tube with three unusual features is
      described. The features are: 1) multiple 0.5 mm suction openings; 2) a variable
      suction control; and 3) a device for fixation to a self-retaining retractor.

PMID- 4020454
TI  - Cerebral gumma. Case report.
AB  - A case of focal cerebral syphilitic gumma of the right temporal lobe is reported.
      Angiography showed moderate focal hypervascularity with stretched vessels, and
      irregularity of the vessel walls. Plain computerized tomography revealed an area
      of low density that enhanced strongly after intravenous administration of
      contrast medium.

PMID- 4020456
TI  - Absent basal cisterns on computerized tomography.

PMID- 4020457
TI  - Failure of prophylactic barbiturate coma.

PMID- 4020458
TI  - Vascular compression of the brain stem.

PMID- 4020459
TI  - Multiple intracranial aneurysms: determining the site of rupture.
AB  - A retrospective hospital chart and radiograph review was performed of all
      patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms seen over a 52-month period. Sixty
      nine patients with a total of 205 aneurysms were studied. Among the patients with
      aneurysms, the incidence of multiple aneurysms was 33.5%. Multiple aneurysms were
      much more common in women, with a female to male ratio of 5:1 for all patients
      and 11:1 for patients with three or more aneurysms. Common locations for multiple
      aneurysms were the posterior communicating artery (22%), middle cerebral artery
      (21.5%), anterior communicating artery (12%), and ophthalmic artery (11%).
      However, locations with the highest probability of rupture were the anterior
      communicating artery (62%), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (50%), and
      basilar artery summit (50%). The middle cerebral artery was the least likely site
      for rupture. In contrast to previous studies, in this series irregularity of
      contour was more important than size in identifying the site of rupture. Using a
      simple algorithm outlined in the text, it was possible to identify the site of
      aneurysm rupture in 97.5% of cases.

PMID- 4020460
TI  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown origin: prognosis and prognostic factors.
AB  - The cases of 127 consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), in whom
      cerebral panangiography revealed no cause for the bleeding nor any sign of an
      intraparenchymatous hemorrhage, were reviewed in a study of the long-term
      prognosis and the possible prognostic factors in this condition. Data for all 127
      patients in the study were obtained, with an average follow-up period of 5.4
      years. After the 1st week post-SAH, only three rebleeds had occurred. In all, 80%
      of the patients had returned to full activity, 91% to at least part-time work; if
      the patients with hypertension were excluded, these figures rose to 86% and 95%,
      respectively. Decreased wakefulness on admission related to a slightly poorer
      prognosis, whereas age and red blood cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid had no
      prognostic significance. Of those patients who, at the end of the 2nd week
      following the SAH, were fully awake and had not developed any symptoms of delayed
      cerebral ischemia (87% of all patients admitted), 88% returned to full activity,
      97% to at least part-time work. The survival rate for this group, as well as
      causes of death, seem to be within the range for normal individuals. It should
      thus be possible to inform these patients (at least the normotensive ones) of the
      benignity of their condition, directly after normal angiography. Even among the
      patients who were able to return to full activity, symptoms attributable to the
      SAH were common: 22% experienced problems such as frequent headaches, vertigo,
      irritability, and increased fatigability.

PMID- 4020461
TI  - Acute hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - Hydrocephalus, defined as a bicaudate index above the 95th percentile for age,
      was found in 34 (20%) of 174 prospectively studied patients with subarachnoid
      hemorrhage (SAH) who survived the first 24 hours and who underwent computerized
      tomography (CT) scanning within 72 hours. The occurrence of acute hydrocephalus
      was related to the presence of intraventricular blood, and not to the extent of
      cisternal hemorrhage. The level of consciousness was depressed in 30 of the 34
      patients. Characteristic clinical features were present in 19 patients, including
      a gradual obtundation after the initial hemorrhage in 16 patients and small
      nonreactive pupils in nine patients (all with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 7 or
      less). In the remaining 15 patients (44%), the diagnosis could be made only by CT
      scanning. After 1 month, 20 of the 34 patients had died: six from rebleeding
      (four after shunting), 11 from cerebral infarction (eight after an initial
      improvement), and three from other or mixed causes. Only one of nine patients in
      whom a shunt was placed survived, despite rapid improvement in all immediately
      after shunting. The mortality rate among patients with acute hydrocephalus was
      significantly higher than in those without, with the higher incidence caused by
      cerebral infarction (11 of 34 versus 12 of 140 cases, respectively; p less than
      0.001). Death from infarction could not be attributed to the extent of cisternal
      hemorrhage, the use of antifibrinolytic drugs, or failure to apply surgical
      drainage, but could often be explained by the development of hyponatremia,
      probably accompanied by hypovolemia.

PMID- 4020462
TI  - CT myelography with intramedullary enhancement in cervical spondylosis.
AB  - The authors describe seven cases of cervical spondylosis in which small high
      density areas were detected in the spinal cord on delayed computerized
      tomographic (CT) myelography. These high-density areas are believed to represent
      cavities or areas of cystic necrosis. In all seven cases the cervical spinal
      canal was narrow, and the spondylosis was located at multiple levels, causing a
      so-called "pincer effect." On the CT scans the high-density areas resembled fried
      eggs in the gray matter. These areas were localized near the abnormal cervical
      discs. In two cases in which the Brown-Sequard syndrome was noted, the symptoms
      could be attributed to the morphology of the high-density area on the affected
      side of the cord. Following decompressive surgery, most of the symptoms improved
      except for numbness of the upper extremities and motor weakness of hands.

PMID- 4020463
TI  - Trilateral retinoblastoma: ocular and pineal retinoblastomas.
AB  - Trilateral retinoblastomas, the syndrome of bilateral retinoblastoma associated
      with ectopic retinoblastoma in the pineal gland, is rare but well recognized. In
      contrast to bilateral retinoblastomas alone, the ocular retinoblastomas in
      trilateral retinoblastoma develop before the age of 6 months, and a family
      history positive for retinoblastoma is usually obtained. The retinal tumors are
      often quiescent at the time that the pineal tumor is discovered, and show no
      evidence of metastatic spread after enucleation of the globes. Pathologically,
      the pineal tumor is indistinguishable from the ocular retinoblastoma. The
      pathophysiology of this syndrome is not well understood, but a germinal mutation
      is thought to target photoreceptor tissue for further postzygotic mutation.
      Eventual expression depends on the inherited host resistance to the carcinogenic
      manifestation of these genes. The low host resistance of trilateral
      retinoblastoma is evident by the early age of presentation, the multicentric
      occurrence of the tumor, and the high early mortality rate despite aggressive
      management.

PMID- 4020464
TI  - Surgical treatment for fungal infections in the central nervous system.
AB  - The hospital records of 78 patients who underwent surgical therapy for fungal
      infections of the central nervous system (CNS) between 1964 and 1984 are
      summarized. Nine different fungal types were identified, but Coccidioides immitis
      and Cryptococcus neoformans accounted for most (67.1%) of the infections. A
      variety of clinical syndromes were seen, including chronic basal meningitis (45
      patients), intracranial mass lesions (12 patients), and communicating
      hydrocephalus (six patients). Thirteen patients had rhinocerebral forms of fungal
      infection, and two presented with spinal involvement. Delays in diagnosis were
      frequent and ranged from 2 months to 11 years. In 31 patients the CNS lesion was
      the first indication of a fungal infection, and lesion biopsy or cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) examination confirmed the diagnosis. A total of 144 surgical
      procedures were carried out, including lesion biopsy or excision in 13 patients,
      primary CSF shunting in 22, and placement of an Ommaya reservoir for
      administration of intraventricular or intracisternal antifungal agents in 48. All
      patients received parenteral and, in some cases, intrathecal or oral antifungal
      chemotherapy in addition to surgical therapy. Overall mortality was 43.6% (34
      deaths). With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate was 39% whereas,
      when appropriate treatment was delayed, the mortality rate was 64%. An additional
      14 surviving patients (17.9%) exhibited permanent morbidity due to neurological
      deficits, seizure disorders, or renal toxicity following treatment with
      amphotericin B. The combined mortality and morbidity rate was 62.8%. Clinical
      symptoms were resolved completely in 29 patients, although in 10 evidence of
      disease persisted and chemotherapy was continued. Fungal infections of the CNS
      are being recognized with increased frequency. It is suggested that a high index
      of suspicion, aggressive attempts to obtain a diagnosis, and early and vigorous
      therapy may reduce the unfortunate outcome seen in a relatively high proportion
      of patients with CNS fungal infections.

PMID- 4020465
TI  - Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebrum in adults. A distinctive neoplasm
      with favorable prognosis.
AB  - Seven adults (15 years of age or older) with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma of
      the cerebrum were treated at Barnes Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1950 to
      1981. This group comprised 7% of the total adult population with well
      differentiated astrocytoma and astrocytoma with anaplastic foci treated over a 30
      year period. All seven patients were less than 30 years old at the time of
      presentation. The tumors were characterized by distinctive histology, a
      predilection for the temporal lobe, the presence of a major cyst, and relative
      gross circumscription making total surgical resection feasible. In contrast to
      patients with diffusely infiltrating cerebral astrocytoma, those with juvenile
      pilocytic astrocytoma have had an extremely favorable course, regardless of
      treatment. Four were treated with surgery alone after total gross tumor excision,
      and three received postoperative irradiation after subtotal excision. Six were
      alive 27, 24, 17, 9, 5, and 2 years after initial surgery. One patient died 7
      years after surgery and radiation as a result of cerebral radiation necrosis.
      Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebrum is a recognizable, distinctive
      entity with natural history and pathological characteristics similar to the
      relatively benign cerebellar astrocytoma of childhood.

PMID- 4020466
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy. Review of 150 consecutive cases in two small community
      hospitals.
AB  - The authors have reviewed 150 consecutive carotid endarterectomies in 140
      patients performed by three neurosurgeons. These were performed in two small
      community hospitals. There was an overall mortality rate of 1.3%; major or minor
      stroke was seen in 2.7% of patients and transient neurological dysfunction in
      2.7%. Preoperative symptoms included major or minor stroke in 39.3% of patients
      and transient neurological dysfunction in 43.3%; 17.3% of patients were
      asymptomatic. The patients were continuously monitored intraoperatively with
      electroencephalography. There were two operative deaths, both related to
      myocardial infarction and both on the 2nd postoperative day. These statistics
      appear to compare favorably with those of series reported by major institutions.
      The average number of carotid endarterectomies per surgeon per year was 10. These
      were performed over a 7-year period (October, 1976, through November, 1983).
      Previous series have implied the need for higher frequency in performing the
      procedure to assure low morbidity and mortality rates. This series appears to
      offer evidence to the contrary. A key to these results has been that in 148 of
      the 150 operations, the primary surgeon has been assisted by one of the other two
      neurosurgeons. This affords the primary surgeon the benefit of excellent
      technical assistance, and also broadens the experience of the assisting surgeon,
      thereby allowing maximum experience from the small volume of cases.

PMID- 4020467
TI  - Pressure-volume conditions in patients with subarachnoid and/or intraventricular
      hemorrhage.
AB  - Pressure-volume conditions were studied in 17 patients with subarachnoid and/or
      intraventricular hemorrhage, who underwent continuous intracranial pressure (ICP)
      monitoring. The pressure-volume index (PVI) technique was used. The
      interrelationship between the ICP pulse amplitude and compliance was also
      examined. All patients were admitted in Hunt and Hess Grades II to V, and 11 had
      a proven aneurysm. The ICP was above 15 mm Hg in all patients during some part of
      the monitoring period. The pressure-volume conditions were abnormal in all
      patients. Median PVI was 12.7 ml (5.8 to 40.0 ml). The PVI did not correlate with
      ICP: the PVI based on bolus injection was significantly greater than PVI based on
      fluid withdrawal. The ICP pulse amplitude varied from 1.5 to 15 mm Hg and rose
      concomitantly with increasing ICP. Considering the pulsatile shift in
      intracranial blood volume as an endogenous bolus that increases ICP from the
      diastolic (Pdiast) to the systolic (Psyst) level, an equation was derived from
      the PVI model that describes the relationship between the Psyst:Pdiast ratio and
      the PVI.

PMID- 4020468
TI  - Fluid balance and secretion of antidiuretic hormone following transsphenoidal
      pituitary surgery. A preliminary series.
AB  - Hyponatremia developing some days after transsphenoidal pituitary adenectomy is a
      treacherous complication of uncertain cause. Of 19 patients monitored in a pilot
      study at the Wessex Neurological Centre, plasma sodium fell below 125 mmol/liter
      in three patients at times ranging from 6 to 9 days postoperatively. One patient
      had evidence of inappropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP), and the
      other two probably had steroid insufficiency despite apparently adequate steroid
      cover. In a more detailed study, the fluid and sodium balance of a further 16
      patients was monitored for 7 to 11 days following transsphenoidal surgery
      together with plasma cortisol, renin, and AVP concentrations. No patient became
      severely hyponatremic. Three developed partial diabetes insipidus. Two patients
      with Cushing's disease had evidence of postoperative corticosteroid insufficiency
      despite normal steroid protection. An inappropriately low plasma cortisol
      concentration was recorded in both. Plasma AVP concentrations did not show a
      delayed surge postoperatively. Delayed hyponatremia appears to occur most often
      in patients with hypoadrenalism, as glucocorticoid cover is decreased. It results
      from water retention combined with natriuresis, and is reversed by glucocorticoid
      treatment.

PMID- 4020469
TI  - S-100 protein and calmodulin levels in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid
      hemorrhage.
AB  - The levels of two calcium-binding proteins, S-100 protein and calmodulin, were
      measured serially in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients after subarachnoid
      hemorrhage (SAH) and aneurysm surgery. These two proteins have a similar
      molecular structure and are highly concentrated in the central nervous system
      (CNS). The levels of S-100 protein found in the earliest postoperative CSF
      samples correlated with the preoperative SAH grades. High S-100 protein levels in
      the CSF were found in patients with poor SAH grades. Moreover, the prognosis of
      the patients correlated with the S-100 protein levels in the CSF samples taken
      during the immediate postoperative period and with the daily changes of the S-100
      protein levels. Severe diffuse cerebral vasospasm was followed by a sharp S-100
      protein increase. These results suggest that S-100 protein levels in the CSF
      provide a useful index of organic damage in the CNS, and furthermore that S-100
      protein levels and their changes may have prognostic value for patients after
      SAH. On the other hand, there was a lack of correlation between the calmodulin
      levels and the preoperative grade or outcome. It would be inappropriate, however,
      to speculate from the results of this study that these calcium-binding proteins
      in the CSF play any causative role in pathological processes such as cerebral
      vasospasm or brain ischemia after SAH, since changes in the levels of these
      proteins followed the onset of clinical signs of deterioration.

PMID- 4020470
TI  - Morphological studies of human arteriovenous malformations. Effects of isobutyl 2
      cyanoacrylate embolization.
AB  - Ten patients with symptomatic arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) underwent
      embolization with isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (Bucrylate) delivered via a mini
      balloon catheter according to the protocol of George and Pevsner. These patients
      underwent surgical removal of their embolized AVM, and surgical specimens were
      evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Ten other patients with
      AVM's underwent surgical resection without prior embolization, and these surgical
      specimens were evaluated in a similar manner. Results from this study indicate
      that Bucrylate incites an inflammatory response characterized by foreign-body
      giant cells. This reaction was present as early as 3 weeks after embolization and
      persisted in specimens resected almost 1 year after the last embolization. No
      such reaction was observed in unembolized AVM's. Both light and scanning electron
      microscopy demonstrated a lattice structure of the Bucrylate embolus within the
      AVM vessels. These studies also demonstrated micro-channels within the Bucrylate
      embolus and the presence of what appears to be normal red blood cells within the
      latticework of the embolus. Vascular endothelium not in direct contact with the
      Bucrylate embolus retains a normal morphology as revealed by scanning electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 4020471
TI  - Stem cell studies of human malignant brain tumors. Part 2: Proliferation kinetics
      of brain-tumor cells in vitro in early-passage cultures.
AB  - The proliferation kinetics were studied in early-passage cultures of cells from
      13 human malignant brain tumors and two specimens of normal brain under
      conditions similar to those used in clonogenic cell-survival studies.
      Autoradiography was performed in all but four cases to estimate the fraction of
      cells actively replicating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the approximate cell
      cycle time, and the effect of low-dose tritiated thymidine on cell proliferation.
      The mean tumor cell doubling time (TD) was 53 hours for five glioblastomas, 46
      hours for two ependymomas, and 83 hours for two medulloblastomas. A gliosarcoma
      grew fastest (TD = 22 hours) in culture and a pilocytic astrocytoma grew slowest
      (TD = 144 hours). The approximate cell cycle time ranged from 1 to 2.5 days for
      all tumors tested. This suggests that chemotherapeutic agents that predominantly
      kill proliferating cells should be administered in vitro for at least 2 to 2.5
      days to achieve maximum cell kill. The approximate growth fraction ranged from
      0.65 to 0.96 for all tumors except for the two medulloblastomas and the pilocytic
      astrocytoma, which had growth fractions of 0.34 and 0.35, respectively. Most
      laboratories investigating the chemosensitivity of primary or early-passage human
      tumor cells require that 40% to 70% of cells be killed to consider a drug active
      in vitro. The results of this study suggest that the cell-cycle-specific agents
      cannot achieve a high enough cell kill to be considered active for some tumors
      that grow slowly in culture. An estimate of the in vitro growth rate is necessary
      to reliably interpret cell-survival results with such agents. Tritiated thymidine
      appeared to slow cell proliferation in some of the cultures, presumably as a
      result of radiation-induced DNA damage caused by tritium that had been
      incorporated into DNA. The degree to which cell growth ws slowed in individual
      tumors correlated with the patient's clinical response to radiation therapy and
      postoperative survival time.

PMID- 4020472
TI  - Barrier disruption in the major cerebral arteries following experimental
      subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - The effects of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on the blood-arterial
      wall barrier in the major cerebral arteries were studied in 20 normotensive dogs.
      Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was given intravenously before the animals were
      sacrificed to assess the integrity of the barrier. Transient elevation of
      intracranial pressure (ICP) produced by cisternal injection of saline solution
      resulted in HRP leakage at the branching points of the major cerebral arteries.
      Extensive disturbance of the blood-arterial wall barrier was consistently
      observed in the major cerebral arteries after SAH, with or without elevation of
      ICP. These results suggest that both subarachnoid clot and a sudden rise in the
      ICP are important factors causing the breakdown of the blood-arterial wall
      barrier, but that the effect of the clot is the most profound. Electron
      microscopy revealed that opening of the interendothelial junctions is one of the
      important mechanisms responsible for the HRP leakage in the major cerebral
      arteries following SAH. Disturbance of arterial permeability in the major
      cerebral arteries following SAH probably accounts for the abnormal post-contrast
      enhancement that occurs in patients who are prone to develop vasospasm following
      aneurysm rupture, and is probably involved in the pathogenesis of vasospasm.

PMID- 4020473
TI  - Vicryl (polyglactin 910) mesh as a dural substitute.
AB  - Many substances have been used as dural substitutes. Although the various
      materials are effective in a variety of settings, a material that is absorbed
      over time, elicits minimal inflammatory reaction, is relatively inexpensive, and
      is easily manipulated would be beneficial. An experimental project was conducted
      involving closure of dural defects in dogs with a Vicryl (polyglactin 910) mesh
      graft. Macroscopic and histological examination performed at various times after
      placement revealed resorption of the graft material, little cerebromembranous
      adhesion formation, and complete lack of injury to subjacent cortical zones. A
      substantial neomembrane forms over the zone of the mesh graft. The authors
      suggest that Vicryl mesh has significant potential as an absorbable, minimally
      reactive dural substitute.

PMID- 4020474
TI  - Spinal intramedullary pseudocyst. Case report.
AB  - The authors describe a case of a spinal intramedullary pseudocyst at T-1 that did
      not communicate with the surrounding spaces. The cystic wall was composed of
      dense connective tissue without epithelial or neoplastic cells. The patient's
      condition improved dramatically after surgical removal of the cyst. The
      literature on spinal intramedullary cystic lesions is reviewed and the etiology
      of pseudocysts is discussed. This case is believed to be the first in which a
      pseudocyst has been demonstrated within the spinal cord.

PMID- 4020475
TI  - Unusual delayed onset of diabetes insipidus following closed head trauma. Case
      report.
AB  - A case of delayed onset of diabetes insipidus (DI), which developed 27 days after
      a closed head injury, is reported. The patient sustained only a minor
      neurological deficit and, except for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) insufficiency,
      hypothalamic function was intact. This selective damage of posterior pituitary
      function was total and permanent. Ischemia due to vascular injury may be the most
      likely etiology. Once the diagnosis of delayed posttraumatic DI is confirmed, the
      treatment of choice is DDAVP (desmopressin acetate). In contradistinction to DI
      immediately following minor head injury, most patients with a delayed onset of DI
      after trauma have permanent ADH deficiency.

PMID- 4020476
TI  - Ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction during pregnancy. Case report.
AB  - Malfunction of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is reported in a 25-year-old woman at
      32 weeks of gestation. Pregnancies and delivery in women with cerebrospinal fluid
      shunts are rarely reported, and malfunction of a shunt system during pregnancy is
      extremely unusual.

PMID- 4020477
TI  - Fibrosis surrounding a silicone implant simulating recurrent orbital meningioma.
      Case report.
AB  - A patient with the preoperative diagnosis of recurrent orbital apical meningioma
      was found to have a fibrotic capsule surrounding a silicone plate implanted 3
      years previously to reconstruct the orbital roof. Caution is urged in using
      alloplastic orbital implants for reconstructive purposes in patients undergoing
      orbital surgery, because associated fibrous capsule formation may mimic tumor
      recurrence.

PMID- 4020478
TI  - Electron microscopic diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Case report.
AB  - Rapid and specific diagnosis of infections involving patients with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is imperative. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most
      frequent causes of central nervous system disease in these patients. The authors
      present a case of cerebral toxoplasmosis in an AIDS patient, diagnosed by
      electron microscopy of brain biopsy tissue using rapid techniques.

PMID- 4020479
TI  - Brain targets in Parkinson's disease surgery.

PMID- 4020480
TI  - Fourth ventriculoceles with extracranial extension.

PMID- 4020481
TI  - Influence of undernutrition during gestation and suckling on development and
      sexual maturity in the rat.
AB  - The effects of undernourishment during gestation and suckling on rats
      subsequently fed ad libitum for 4 mo after weaning are explored. We measured the
      following: weight at birth and over a 5-mo period; sexual behavior of adult
      males; curiosity; basal physical activity; morphometric measures; organ weights
      (absolute and relative) including brain, testicles and seminal vesicles in males
      5 mo of age; and the O2 uptake of some brain and glandular structures in males at
      5 mo of age. Body weight of the malnourished animals was consistently lower than
      that of the controls. Compared to controls sexual behavior in undernourished
      males was significantly reduced, while curiosity test and basal physical activity
      were increased. The absolute weights of all organs (except the pituitary gland)
      were significantly lower in malnourished males at 5 mo than in controls. Compared
      to controls, relative weight of brain was greater and that of seminal vesicles
      was less in the male rats. Oxygen uptake was significantly lower in the pituitary
      gland and testicles of malnourished males than of controls. In view of these
      results, it can be concluded that malnutrition in utero and while suckling
      affects fundamental parameters of both development and reproductive function in
      the male offspring 4 mo after feeding ad libitum is begun at weaning.

PMID- 4020482
TI  - Vitamin A during lactation: relationship of maternal diet to milk vitamin A
      content and to the vitamin A status of lactating rats and their pups.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of maternal vitamin A intake during pregnancy
      and lactation or during lactation alone on the concentration of vitamin A in
      rat's milk and on vitamin A levels in plasma and liver of dams and their pups.
      Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets having either a high vitamin A
      content [15 retinol equivalents (R.E.)/g diet] or a low vitamin A content (0.6
      R.E./g) for 42 d, including 7-8 d prior to pregnancy, pregnancy, and for 14 d of
      lactation. The concentration of vitamin A in milk on d 14 of lactation was
      significantly greater on the high vitamin A diets [114 +/- 16 micrograms/dl (mean
      +/- SEM; n = 8) versus 52 +/- 7.3 micrograms/dl (n = 11), P less than 0.005].
      However, milk vitamin A concentration on d 1 of lactation did not vary with
      maternal vitamin A intake during pregnancy. In a second study in which
      supplementation with vitamin A (30 R.E./g diet) was begun on d 1 postpartum, the
      milk vitamin A content increased progressively with duration of lactation.
      Maternal plasma vitamin A concentrations did not differ between rats fed the
      higher or lower vitamin A diets. However, liver vitamin A concentrations both of
      dams and of their 14-d-old pups were significantly higher when dams were fed the
      higher vitamin A diets during pregnancy and/or lactation. The results of these
      studies indicate that the transfer of vitamin A from mother to offspring by milk
      and the vitamin A status of dams and their suckling neonates is influenced by
      maternal vitamin A intake during lactation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020483
TI  - Availability to rats of iron in ferric hydroxide polymers.
AB  - Availability to rats of Fe in isolated ferric hydroxide polymers was assessed.
      Polymers were prepared by hydrolyzing an 59Fe-labeled ferric nitrate solution
      with base (KHCO3). After isolation by gel filtration, the polymers were
      characterized by spectrophotometric, dialysis, and ultracentrifugation methods.
      In a split-plot design experiment, Fe-adequate (Hb 11.4-14.0 g/dl) or Fe
      deficient (Hb 4.7-9.6 g/dl) male Sprague-Dawley rats (10/treatment) were dosed by
      stomach tube with one of the following 59Fe-labeled solutions: polymers, Fe(NO3)3
      (low-molecular-weight control), polymers + citrate, or Fe(NO3)3 + citrate. As
      expected, Fe-deficient animals absorbed more Fe than adequate animals (P less
      than 0.01). There was no difference in absorption of Fe between polymers and low
      molecular-weight control doses (P greater than 0.05). In Fe-adequate animals,
      citrate significantly depressed the uptake of Fe both from Fe(NO3)3 and polymers.
      These results indicate 1) that polymerization of Fe species prior to ingestion is
      not a likely means by which Fe is rendered unavailable and 2) that the effect of
      citrate on Fe absorption may depend on the Fe status of the animal.

PMID- 4020484
TI  - Effects of protein deficiency and food restriction on lung ascorbic acid and
      glutathione in rats exposed to ozone.
AB  - Weanling (52 +/- 4 g) or adult (259 +/- 16 g) male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed
      ad libitum casein-based diets containing 4 or 16% protein. A third group (food
      restricted) was fed daily the 16% protein diet, but at the food intake level of
      the 4% protein group. After 3 wk (weanling) or 5 wk (adults), half of the rats in
      each group were continuously exposed to 0.64 ppm ozone for 7 d. Ascorbic acid and
      reduced glutathione levels were then measured. In the heart and liver from
      weanling rats, ascorbic acid concentrations were lower in the protein-deficient
      group than in either control group. In the liver from weanling rats glutathione
      concentrations were also reduced in response to protein deficiency. Exposure to
      ozone produced no additional response. For adult rats the response for liver
      glutathione was similar to that of the weanlings. The liver ascorbate
      concentration, however, was consistently lower in adult rats compared to
      weanlings exposed to ozone. In lungs from adult rats, the ascorbic acid
      concentration was lower in the protein-deficient group than in either control
      group. On a whole-organ basis, both ascorbic acid and glutathione were usually
      higher in lungs from rats exposed to ozone than from those exposed to air.
      Interestingly, protein deficiency did not appear to compromise the lung's ability
      to maintain, in relative terms, the ascorbic acid or glutathione concentration in
      response to ozone.

PMID- 4020485
TI  - Skeletal muscle protein turnover in young male pigs.
AB  - A 6-h continuous infusion of L-[U-14C]tyrosine was used to estimate fractional
      protein synthesis rates (FSR) in the longissimus dorsi (LD), semitendinosus (ST)
      and brachialis (BR) muscles of intact male pigs weighing 22 or 45 kg. The FSR was
      approximately 20% lower for pigs at 45 kg (4.2 vs. 5.2%/d, 5.2 vs. 6.4%/d and 5.1
      vs. 6.4%/d for the LD, ST and BR muscles, respectively) compared with pigs at 22
      kg. Fractional protein accretion or growth rates (FGR) were estimated over a 2-wk
      period. At 22 kg, FGR for the LD, ST and BR were 0.7, 2.4 and 1.7%/d,
      respectively; at 45 kg, FGR for these muscles were 1.7, 1.9 and 0.7%/d.
      Fractional protein breakdown rates (FBR) derived by difference (FBR = FSR - FGR)
      were 44, 16 and 8% lower for the LD, ST and BR muscles, respectively, at 45 kg
      compared with those at 22 kg. Therefore, it is suggested that muscle growth rate
      is modulated by alterations in FBR. By using the fractional rates found in these
      muscles to determine total-muscle protein synthesized or degraded in pigs at 22
      and 45 kg, the proportion of protein retained was approximately 28% of that
      synthesized by the pigs at each weight. Since individual skeletal muscles of the
      pigs differed in protein turnover rates during postnatal growth and development,
      selection of a muscle(s) for turnover rates in growth studies is critical.

PMID- 4020486
TI  - Zinc content of blood cellular components and lymph node and spleen lymphocytes
      in severely zinc-deficient rats.
AB  - Several investigators have suggested that the measurement of leukocyte zinc may
      be useful for the assessment of zinc nutriture. However, in an earlier study, we
      found that the methods used did not adequately separate platelets from the
      different leukocyte populations. We subsequently developed a method which does
      adequately separate platelets, mononucleated cells (MNC), polymorphonucleated
      cells (PMN), and erythrocytes (RBC) from a single blood sample. This method was
      applied to a study of severe zinc deficiency in adult male rats. Significant
      reductions in plasma and femur zinc indicated severe zinc deficiency in the zinc
      deficient animals compared with pair-fed or ad libitum-fed control rats in two
      separate experiments. However, we noted no differences in the zinc content of the
      MNC, PMN, RBC or lymph node lymphocytes, on a per cell basis, between the zinc
      deficient and ad libitum- or pair-fed control groups of rats. A minor, but not
      significant (P greater than 0.05) reduction of platelet zinc was noted in zinc
      deficient rats in two separate studies. These data indicate that the zinc
      contents of blood cellular components are not sensitive indicators of zinc
      deficiency in rats.

PMID- 4020487
TI  - Uptake of pyridoxine by in vivo perfused segments of rat small intestine: a
      possible role for intracellular vitamin metabolism.
AB  - The present studies utilized the in vivo single-pass, luminally perfused
      intestinal segment model in rats to evaluate pyridoxine (PN) uptake under
      conditions that permitted prolonged exposure of mucosa to relatively constant PN
      concentrations. Perfusates contained [14C]PN, unlabeled PN, and [3H]polyethylene
      glycol in buffer. Uptake was constant for 1 h and correlated with water
      absorption. Uptake of 0.2 microM PN was highest in the duodenum, intermediate in
      the jejunum, and lowest in the ileum. When expressed as uptake/micromolar PN,
      uptake of 1 mM compared to 0.2 microM PN was decreased by 37.5% in duodenum (P
      less than 0.001) and 14.4% in jejunum (P less than 0.05); uptake/micromolar PN
      were similar in ileum. In duodenum saturable uptake was apparent for 2-100 microM
      PN and was not explainable by a membrane carrier, presence of bile or lumen
      plasma concentration gradients. Conclusions were: 1) uptake of PN by in vivo
      perfused intestinal segments decreases from proximal to distal; 2) the greater
      uptake proximally was associated with a saturable component of uptake that was
      greatest in duodenum, less, but significant, in proximal jejunum and absent in
      distal ileum and 3) saturation of uptake in the rat proximal small intestine was
      compatible with a role for mucosal metabolism of absorbed PN in the enhancement
      of uptake of PN at low luminal concentrations.

PMID- 4020488
TI  - Effect of ambient temperature on the energy requirements of the lactating rat.
AB  - The effect of ambient temperature on the energy requirements of the lactating rat
      was investigated. Ambient temperature was maintained at 13, 20 or 25 degrees C
      during lactation, and digestible energy (DE) intake, milk output and energy
      balance were measured between 4 and 12 d post partum. Ambient temperature did not
      significantly affect DE intake. Milk output was highest in the rats housed at 13
      degrees C and lowest in those kept at 25 degrees C, although the rate of body fat
      mobilization was lowest in the rats kept at 20 degrees C and highest in the rats
      kept at 25 degrees C. Energy expenditure on activity and maintenance, determined
      from the difference between DE intake and body nutrient mobilization plus the
      energy used for milk production, was significantly higher in the rats housed at
      25 degrees C than in those kept at 13 degrees C. This is an opposite trend to
      that which occurs in nonlactating rats. The results indicate that the gross
      efficiency of energy utilization during lactation is higher at 13 degrees C than
      it is at 25 degrees C in the rat.

PMID- 4020489
TI  - Effect of dietary picolinic acid on the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous
      zinc in the rat.
AB  - The excretion of 65Zn was compared by metabolic balance studies in adult male
      rats fed purified diets containing 0.8 mmol Zn/kg diet, with and without 40 mmol
      picolinic acid per kilogram diet, after single intragastric (i.g.) and
      intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of the isotope. In a third experiment picolinic acid
      was introduced for 3 d into the diet of rats prelabeled with 65Zn. The urinary
      excretion of total zinc was increased by the ingestion of picolinic acid in all
      three experiments. The urinary and fecal outputs of 65Zn were both consistently
      greater in picolinic acid-fed rats than in the corresponding control animals.
      This was particularly marked after i.p. injection of the tracer, and the specific
      activities of urine and feces from the treated rats were both increased. When
      picolinic acid was introduced into the diet of prelabeled rats there was a delay
      of 24 h in the urinary response and 48 h in the fecal response. The residual 65Zn
      levels were reduced in several tissues from the picolinic acid-fed rats,
      especially after i.p. administration of the isotope. These observations indicate
      that dietary picolinic acid increases the turnover of endogenous zinc in addition
      to enhancing the absorption and excretion of ingested metal, and this has
      implications for its use in cases of zinc deficiency.

PMID- 4020490
TI  - Effect of castration on the metabolism of L-ascorbic acid in rat prostate.
AB  - An appreciable decrease in the contents of prostatic ascorbic acid and
      dehydroascorbic acid along with an increase in diketogulonic acid was seen in
      rats ten days after castration. Castration caused a decrease in the activities of
      such biosynthetic enzymes as L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase and D
      glucuronolactone-delta-hydrolase with no significant alteration in the activity
      of L-gulono-gamma-lactone hydrolase in the rat prostate. The activity of
      dehydroascorbatase, one of the degrading enzymes was, however, found to be
      elevated in castration. The implication of these results has been discussed.

PMID- 4020491
TI  - Dietary sulfur-containing amino acids and glycine as determinant factors in
      plasma cholesterol regulation in growing rats.

PMID- 4020492
TI  - Histopathological study on rats fed iodine-enriched eggs long-term (7 and 19
      months).
AB  - A histopathological study was conducted on rats fed on a diet containing iodine
      enriched eggs over the long term, 7 and 19 months. A laboratory powder chow was
      added at the 1% (w/w) level with ordinary egg powder (ordinary egg diet as
      control: 35 micrograms iodine/100 g diet) or iodine-enriched egg powder (iodine
      enriched egg diet: 392 micrograms iodine/100 g diet). The animals were meal-fed
      twice a day and allowed unrestricted voluntary wheel-running. In general, organs,
      tissues and endocrine glands including thyroid glands from rats of the iodine
      enriched egg diet group exhibited no significant difference in histopathological
      features as compared with those of the ordinary egg diet group. These results
      suggest that long-term feeding of a considerable amount of iodine through an
      iodine-enriched egg diet did not cause any specific excess-iodine toxicity.

PMID- 4020493
TI  - Utilization and requirement of egg protein in Japanese women.
AB  - Utilization and requirement of egg protein in Japanese women with two levels of
      energy intake were estimated. In experiment 1, fifteen female students were given
      semi-purified diet containing whole egg as the sole nitrogen source for 12 days.
      Nitrogen intakes were 50 for five, 75 for two and 100 mg N/kg for eight subjects.
      Habitual energy intake was determined individually by detailed inquiry about the
      foods consumed before the experiment was started. Mean energy intake was 33
      kcal/kg. In experiment 2, eighteen other subjects were given the same diet
      containing four intake levels of egg protein (30, 50, 75, 100 mg N/kg) with an
      energy intake of about 100 kcal/day added to that calculated by the food intake
      inquiry. The mean energy intake was 37 kcal/kg. The total nitrogen contents of
      the experimental diet, urine and feces were analyzed and the nitrogen balance was
      estimated from these figures. Significant rectilinear relations were found
      between nitrogen intake (X, mg N/kg) and balance (Y, mg N/kg). The regression
      equations were: Experiment 1: Y = 0.256X - 34.4 (n = 15, r = 0.742) Experiment 2:
      Y = 0.326X - 29.7 (n = 18, r = 0.645) The maintenance intakes of whole egg
      protein for apparent nitrogen equilibrium were calculated to be 134 and 91 mg
      N/kg with energy intakes of 33 and 37 kcal/kg, respectively. Net protein
      utilization (NPU) and digestibility of egg protein were calculated using the
      obligatory N losses previously determined in Japanese women. The NPUs at the
      maintenance level of egg protein with energy intakes of 33 and 37 kcal/kg were
      estimated as 31 and 47, respectively. The mean digestibility of egg protein was
      96%.

PMID- 4020494
TI  - Fractionation of Kintoki bean lectin into isolectins.
AB  - A comprehensive study of the preparative procedure of Kintoki bean lectin
      resulted in the resolution of the lectin into four isolectins whose pIs varied
      from 5.19 to 5.67. They agglutinated human, goat, hen and mouse erythrocytes, but
      not those of cow. The more acidic the isolectins, the less active were the
      erythrocyte agglutination and the more active the stimulation of sheep
      lymphocytes. Although the general patterns of amino acid composition were
      similar, characterized by higher contents of aspartic acid, leucine and valine
      and lack of sulfur-containing amino acids, differences were found in a few amino
      acids such as phenylalanine, valine and lysine. Each lectin seems to be a
      tetramer of a 33,000 dalton subunit which is thought to differ in charge from
      lectin to lectin.

PMID- 4020495
TI  - Gasoline exposure, smoking, and kidney cancer.

PMID- 4020496
TI  - Brain tumors at a nuclear facility.

PMID- 4020497
TI  - Misconception concerning the ubiquitous p value.

PMID- 4020498
TI  - Part-time employment and women's health.
AB  - The relationships between part-time employment and self-reported health are
      analyzed for a national probability sample of middle-aged women. Overall, there
      was a tendency for full-time workers to have the best health, part-time workers
      to have an intermediate level of health, and women who were not in the labor
      force to have the poorest health. However, the pattern varied by race and marital
      status. For married black women, part-time workers reported poorer health than
      full-time workers. This appeared to be due in part to the lower socioeconomic
      status of the black part-time workers. For married white women, there was little
      or no difference in health or socioeconomic status between part-time and full
      time workers. Additional hypotheses and relevant evidence are presented.

PMID- 4020499
TI  - Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and the occurrence of brain
      tumors. An analysis of possible associations.
AB  - To explore the association between occupation and the occurrence of brain tumor,
      an epidemiologic study was conducted using data from the death certificates of
      951 adult white male Maryland residents who died of brain tumor during the period
      1969 through 1982. Compared with the controls, men employed in electricity
      related occupations, such as electrician, electric or electronic engineer, and
      utility company serviceman, were found to experience a significantly higher
      proportion of primary brain tumors. An increase in the odds ratio for brain tumor
      was found to be positively related to electromagnetic (EM) field exposure levels.
      Furthermore, the mean age at death was found to be significantly younger among
      cases in the presumed high EM-exposure group. These findings suggest that EM
      exposure may be associated with the pathogenesis of brain tumors, particularly in
      the promoting stage.

PMID- 4020500
TI  - Obtaining occupational exposure histories in epidemiologic case-control studies.
AB  - In a large population-based case-control study designed to generate hypotheses
      regarding possible associations between cancer sites and occupational exposures,
      an innovative methodology is utilized to infer the subjects' chemical exposures.
      It features (1) a probing interview to obtain a detailed portrait of each job the
      subject has held, (2) exposure coding by a team of chemists and hygienists who
      review each interview, (3) a coding checklist of nearly 300 occupational
      exposures including the most common ones, and (4) indication by the coders of the
      level, frequency, and mode of exposure, as well as of their degree of confidence
      that the exposure occurred. In making coding decisions, the chemists draw upon
      their experience and upon consultants and bibliographic sources. Resultant data
      can be combined to produce a variety of semi-quantitative indices of exposure for
      epidemiologic analyses.

PMID- 4020501
TI  - Maternal employment and the chromosomal characteristics of spontaneously aborted
      conceptions.
AB  - The employment histories of 1,252 women experiencing a spontaneous abortion and
      2,126 controls were compared to examine the relation between maternal employment
      before and during pregnancy and karyotype of the spontaneously aborted conceptus.
      Among private patients, there was no evidence of a positive association of work
      only before pregnancy, only during pregnancy, or both before and during pregnancy
      (v no work) with either chromosomally normal or abnormal abortions. In contrast,
      among public patients the odds of working only during pregnancy or both before
      and during pregnancy were raised for chromosomally abnormal abortions (adjusted
      odds ratios = 3.11 and 1.86, respectively) and slightly raised for chromosomally
      normal abortions (adjusted odds ratios = 1.35 and 1.31, respectively). Among
      workers, the frequencies of work before pregnancy in specific employment
      circumstances were compared among karyotyped cases and controls. For two work
      locations--factory and hospital/nursing facility--the data were of sufficient
      size to suggest that associations of twofold or greater with most types of
      abortion are unlikely.

PMID- 4020502
TI  - Population-based occupational cancer incidence surveillance. Utilization of the
      telephone interview.
AB  - Because population-based surveillance of cancer incidence across a wide variety
      of industries and occupations is quite rare and because the vast literature in
      occupational cancer epidemiology concentrates to a great extent on cancer risks
      among white males, new methods are needed to generate hypotheses about
      occupational cancer risks. The results of a series of studies conducted during
      the past six years suggested that the telephone interview could be utilized as an
      effective method for occupational cancer surveillance. A 10-minute telephone
      interview that was developed to collect occupational histories, smoking
      histories, and other related data and some methodologic issues that were tested
      during a pilot study are described. The authors found the telephone interview to
      be an effective instrument for obtaining these data. This study suggests that it
      is important to obtain as high a proportion as possible of the responses from the
      study patients rather than proxy respondents; that when one cannot interview the
      patient, proxy respondents can provide much of the data requested; and that
      supplementing population-based cancer surveillance system data with these
      interview data is useful in routine monitoring.

PMID- 4020503
TI  - Texaco mortality study. I. Mortality among refinery, petrochemical, and research
      workers.
AB  - The Texaco mortality study is a retrospective follow-up study of all persons who
      were employed for at least five years in a refining, petrochemical, or research
      facility and who worked at some time during the period 1947 through 1977. Of the
      19,077 white men in the cohort, 14,609 were alive, 4,024 were known to be dead,
      and the vital status of the remaining 444 was unknown as of Dec. 31, 1977. The
      standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 75 for all causes was significantly low, on
      the basis of 5,332 expected deaths. Statistically significant deficits also were
      seen for all major causes of death and for cancer of many sites, including lung,
      stomach, bladder, and colon. The SMR was greater than 100 for six causes of
      death: pancreas cancer, brain cancer, leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, other
      lymphatic cancer, and benign neoplasms. However, none of these increases was
      statistically significant, and all SMRs except that for benign neoplasms (SMR =
      148) were under 119.

PMID- 4020504
TI  - Reproductive variables as possible confounders in occupational studies of breast
      and ovarian cancer in females.
AB  - In a study of occupational mortality among all females dying at age 20 years or
      over in British Columbia during the period 1950 through 1978, significantly
      elevated proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) were seen for breast and/or ovarian
      cancer among teachers, nurses, office clerks, and sales clerks. Approximately 91%
      of the female deaths were recorded as occurring among "homemakers." When the PMRs
      were recalculated for "working women" only (ie., excluding homemakers), most of
      the excesses in risks for breast and ovarian cancer observed among the four
      occupational groups disappeared. The authors suggest that the differences in PMR
      values between all women and working women are due to protective higher parity
      and lower maternal age at first birth among homemakers as opposed to working
      women in general. In occupational studies of hormone-related tumors among women,
      every effort should be made to control for parity level and maternal age at first
      birth.

PMID- 4020505
TI  - Congenital anomalies and paternal occupational exposure to shortwave, microwave,
      infrared, and acoustic radiation.

PMID- 4020506
TI  - Visibility of interference fringes near the resolution limit.
AB  - The contrast sensitivity of the visual system to interference fringes has been
      measured in the range from 10 to 65 cycles/deg with a forced-choice
      psychophysical procedure. Masking produced by the spatial-noise characteristic of
      coherent fields was avoided by diluting the interferometric field with a fixed
      amount of uniform, incoherent light. The loss of contrast sensitivity between 10
      and 60 cycles/deg ranged from 0.85 to 1.5 log units depending on the observer.
      Despite these individual differences, the mean contrast sensitivity for six
      observers at 60 cycles/deg was more than a factor of 8 higher than the most
      sensitive previous estimates, suggesting that the neural visual system is much
      more sensitive to fine detail than previously believed. The most sensitive
      observer required only 4% contrast to detect a 60-cycle/deg interference fringe.
      Even the shallow interferometric contrast-sensitivity functions reported here are
      too steep to be explained solely by scattered light at the retina. It is argued
      that the optical properties of the photoreceptor mosaic make a negligible
      contribution to the contrast-sensitivity loss between 0 and 60 cycles/deg, and
      neural factors must be implicated.

PMID- 4020507
TI  - Spatial pattern as a stimulus to the pupillary system.
AB  - Pupillary responses to the contrast reversal of a checkerboard pattern of
      variable check size and contrast were measured. The results show that the
      pupillary system is responsive to the contrast reversal. It is argued that this
      response is the light reflex caused by the local luminance change. The summation
      characteristics of the pupillary afferent are considered. It has also been found
      that the pupil size, without any influence from contrast reversal, systematically
      changes with the changes in the check size. Whether this pupillary change is
      caused by the variation in accommodative performance with changing spatial
      factors of visual stimulus is discussed.

PMID- 4020508
TI  - Periodicity of striate-cortex-cell receptive fields.
AB  - If striate cells had the simple bipartite or tripartite receptive fields (RF's)
      classically attributed to them, they should be quite broadly tuned for spatial
      frequency. Most striate-cortex cells, however, are fairly narrowly tuned and
      would be expected to have more-periodic RF's. We have examined this question in
      recordings of the responses of cat and monkey striate-cortex cells to gratings of
      increasingly large number of cycles, all centered on the cells' RF's. Simple
      cells narrowly tuned for spatial frequency were found to increase their responses
      with increasing numbers of stimulus cycles beyond the 1 1/2 cycles expected from
      the classical RF shape. Broadly tuned simple cells were found to have less
      periodic RF's. Whereas narrowly tuned complex cells were also found to respond
      maximally to many stimulus cycles, other more broadly tuned complex cells did as
      well (possibly reflecting summation across many broadly tuned simple cells
      without regard to phase). A suppressive region was often seen just outside the
      excitatory two-dimensional spatial-frequency region, at off orientations and/or
      off spatial frequencies and around the whole RF in space. Most striate cells can
      thus be described as having periodic RF's in the space domain such that they fire
      just to patterns whose local spatial-frequency spectra fall within a compact,
      restricted, roughly circular two-dimensional spatial-frequency region, with an
      encircling suppressive region in both the space and the frequency domains.

PMID- 4020509
TI  - Relationship between spatial-frequency and orientation tuning of striate-cortex
      cells.
AB  - If striate cells had the receptive-field (RF) shapes classically attributed to
      them, their preferred spatial frequencies would vary considerably with
      orientation. Other models of RF shape would predict a greater independence
      between orientation and spatial-frequency tuning. We have examined this by
      recording the responses of cat striate-cortex cells to a wide range of different
      spatial-frequency and orientation combinations. In almost all cells studied, peak
      orientation did not consistently vary with spatial frequency, but the majority of
      cells showed some change in peak spatial-frequency tuning with orientation. The
      amount of change in peak spatial frequency tended to be greater for cells that
      were narrowly tuned for orientation. However, cells narrowly (and also very
      broadly) tuned for spatial frequency tended to show considerable independence of
      spatial-frequency and orientation tuning, and in all but a few cells the degree
      of change was less than predicted by the classic RF model. Such cells were found
      to fire only to patterns whose local spatial spectra fell within a compact,
      restricted, roughly circular two-dimensional spatial-frequency region. We
      conclude that the two-dimensional RF shape of striate cells more closely
      approximates that predicted by a two-dimensional Gabor model or by a Gaussian
      derivative model than it does the classic shape based on the output of geniculate
      cells with aligned RF's.

PMID- 4020510
TI  - Equivalent-noise model for contrast detection and discrimination.
AB  - Models for the detection and the discrimination of low-contrast signals by human
      observers typically assume that the observer is limited by the filtering action
      of the visual system and by the noisy character of its processing. For some
      models both the filtering and the noise can be represented by a noise in the
      stimulus domain, the input equivalent noise of the model. We derive some formulas
      for computing this noise, describe the calculation of a sample, and discuss some
      implications of this approach.

PMID- 4020511
TI  - Spatial-frequency spectrum of patterns changes the visibility of spatial-phase
      differences.
AB  - This study showed that spatial-frequency components over a 4-octave range
      affected the visibility of spatial-phase differences. Contrast thresholds were
      measured for discrimination between two (+45- and -45-deg) spatial phases of a
      sinusoidal test grating added to a background grating. The background could
      contain one or several sinusoidal components, all in 0-deg phase. Phase
      differences between the test and the background were visible at lower constrasts
      (1) when test and background frequencies were harmonically related than when they
      were not, (2) when test and background frequencies were within 1 octave than when
      they were farther apart, (3) when the fundamental frequency of the background was
      low than when it was high, and (4) for some discriminations more than for others,
      after practice. The visibility of phase differences was not affected by
      additional components in the background if the fundamental and difference
      frequencies of the background remained unchanged. Observers' reports of their
      strategies gave information about the types of attentive processing that were
      used to discriminate phase differences. Attentive processing facilitated phase
      discrimination for multifrequency gratings spanning a much wider range of spatial
      frequencies than would be possible by using only local preattentive processing.
      These results were consistent with the visibility of phase differences being
      processed by some combination of even- and odd-symmetric simple cells tuned to a
      wide range of different spatial frequencies.

PMID- 4020512
TI  - Masking of spatial-frequency discrimination.
AB  - Spatial-frequency discrimination thresholds were measured using the temporal two
      alternative forced-choice procedure. A superimposed masker grating reduced
      discrimination threshold more than 20-fold when the spatial frequency of the
      masker was close to the test spatial frequency because moire fringes provided a
      sensitive cue to the test grating's spatial frequency. When the effectiveness of
      this cue was reduced by randomly changing the frequency of the masker grating on
      successive presentations, masked thresholds were found to be elevated when the
      masker frequency was within roughly 1 octave of the test frequency. On the other
      hand, postadaptation thresholds were not elevated when the test frequency was
      close to the adapting frequency but were elevated at about twice the adapting
      frequency. Thus masking and adaptation have quite different effects on spatial
      frequency discrimination, though their effects on contrast sensitivity are
      qualitatively similar. It is proposed that discrimination is determined by
      opponent-size processing. Adaptation elevates discrimination threshold by
      reducing the sensitivity of opponent elements. The masker grating elevates
      threshold by increasing the noise level of opponent elements, thus reducing the
      precision with which the visual pathway encodes spatial frequency.

PMID- 4020513
TI  - Uncertainty relation for resolution in space, spatial frequency, and orientation
      optimized by two-dimensional visual cortical filters.
AB  - Two-dimensional spatial linear filters are constrained by general uncertainty
      relations that limit their attainable information resolution for orientation,
      spatial frequency, and two-dimensional (2D) spatial position. The theoretical
      lower limit for the joint entropy, or uncertainty, of these variables is achieved
      by an optimal 2D filter family whose spatial weighting functions are generated by
      exponentiated bivariate second-order polynomials with complex coefficients, the
      elliptic generalization of the one-dimensional elementary functions proposed in
      Gabor's famous theory of communication [J. Inst. Electr. Eng. 93, 429 (1946)].
      The set includes filters with various orientation bandwidths, spatial-frequency
      bandwidths, and spatial dimensions, favoring the extraction of various kinds of
      information from an image. Each such filter occupies an irreducible quantal
      volume (corresponding to an independent datum) in a four-dimensional information
      hyperspace whose axes are interpretable as 2D visual space, orientation, and
      spatial frequency, and thus such a filter set could subserve an optimally
      efficient sampling of these variables. Evidence is presented that the 2D
      receptive-field profiles of simple cells in mammalian visual cortex are well
      described by members of this optimal 2D filter family, and thus such visual
      neurons could be said to optimize the general uncertainty relations for joint 2D
      spatial-2D-spectral information resolution. The variety of their receptive-field
      dimensions and orientation and spatial-frequency bandwidths, and the correlations
      among these, reveal several underlying constraints, particularly in width/length
      aspect ratio and principal axis organization, suggesting a polar division of
      labor in occupying the quantal volumes of information hyperspace.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020514
TI  - Hyperacuity thresholds of 1 sec: theoretical predictions and empirical
      validation.
AB  - Bisection thresholds were measured as a function of the separation of the lines.
      For separations of less than 1.5 min, the addition of flanking lines facilitates
      bisection so that thresholds of less than 1 sec for discriminating the direction
      of offset could be reliably obtained. For larger separations an interval could be
      bisected to an accuracy of 1 part in 60. Experiments varying the length,
      luminance, and overlap of the lines suggest that different cues are used in these
      two regimes. A dual space-size analysis is presented that can account for these
      bisection thresholds over a wide range of experimental conditions. This
      quantitative analysis produces viewprints of the stimuli (analogous to the
      voiceprint of audition). Each viewprint shows the output of many spatial filters
      of different positions and sizes. A new filter shape is introduced that has
      advantages for modeling the visual system. The sensitivity of each filter is
      fixed by the contrast-response function. The analysis further shows that the
      limiting factors in spatial hyperacuity are both the contrast-response function
      and the spatial grain.

PMID- 4020515
TI  - Discrimination of contour curvature: data and theory.
AB  - Visual discrimination of contour curvature was investigated using stimuli having
      a single point of maximum curvature and a continuous derivative. Curvature
      discrimination as a function of mean curvature could be described by a power law
      with an exponent averaging 1.57. Data were also gathered as a function of line
      width, stimulus orientation, and retinal eccentricity. Finally, masking
      experiments provided evidence that the mechanisms responsible for curvature
      discrimination were both orientation and spatial-frequency selective. The data
      are well fitted by theoretical results derived from a line-element model that has
      recently been applied to spatial-frequency discrimination.

PMID- 4020516
TI  - Image segmentation at contour intersections in human focal vision.
AB  - It would be efficient for the visual image to be broken initially into small
      segments, each of which could be analyzed separately before being related to the
      others to build a representation of the whole. The places in the image where such
      segmentation should occur will depend on the image and will not be fixed points
      in retinal space. In this study, it is shown that high-precision-shape
      information cannot be integrated across contour intersections. It is suggested
      that contour intersections are a particular feature of the retinal image at which
      segmentation inevitably occurs.

PMID- 4020517
TI  - Spatial and spatial-frequency primitives in spatial-interval discrimination.
AB  - Thresholds for spatial-interval discrimination were determined under conditions
      designed to introduce randomness in the spatial-frequency content of the stimuli
      from trial to trial. Neither a random scaling of the display nor the addition of
      flanking bars at varying distances affected the observer's ability to judge the
      relative interval between pairs of bars, provided that the flanking bars were
      clearly resolved from the targets. Performance deteriorated only if the flanking
      bars were too close (less than about 2 arc min) or if the display was optically
      blurred. We conclude that the results pose difficulties for spatial-frequency
      theories of interval discrimination.

PMID- 4020518
TI  - Depth-increment detection function for individual spatial channels.
AB  - We have used stimuli with difference-of-Gaussian (DOG) luminance profiles to
      measure depth-increment thresholds within postulated spatial channels as
      functions of depth from the fixation plane. Stereoacuity was best with high
      frequency DOG's presented at the fixation plane. Performance was relatively
      constant for spatial frequency above 2.4 cycles/deg, but it deteriorated as
      spatial frequency was decreased. Regardless of spatial frequency, stereo
      sensitivity declined rapidly as stimuli were presented away from the horopter.
      The falloff occurred more rapidly over the 0-20-arc-min range than over the 20-80
      arc-min range. Depth was perceived over a broader range of disparity pedestals
      with low-spatial-frequency stimuli; however, the lowest thresholds were always
      obtained with the highest-frequency stimuli. Both the falloff of sensitivity with
      disparity pedestal and the disparity range of quantitative stereo depth lead to
      the conclusion that different size-tuned channels process disparity differently.

PMID- 4020519
TI  - Distance perception with holographically reconstructed objects.
AB  - It has been assumed that a holographically reconstructed object is seen as though
      it is the actual object, including that it is seen at the distance of the actual
      object when it was holographed. A psychophysical experiment was carried out with
      seven subjects to test this assumption. The results clearly show that the
      perceived distances of holographically reconstructed objects are not equivalent
      to the perceived distances of actual objects. Thus a fundamental assumption in
      holography has not been supported by experimental data.

PMID- 4020520
TI  - Visual grating induction.
AB  - If a homogeneous illuminated test field is inserted within a sine-wave grating,
      an opposite phase grating will be perceived in the test field under a wide range
      of conditions. A cancellation technique was used to measure the magnitude of
      grating induction. The manner in which the effect depends on eye movements,
      inducing frequency, test-field height, inducing-field height, inducing amplitude,
      test-field luminance, and test-field width was determined in four experiments.
      Mathematical equations that describe these results are presented. It is shown
      that linear filters whose spatial weighting functions resemble receptive fields
      of the most common types of visual cell do not produce outputs with the
      properties of induced gratings. However, linear filters with highly elongated
      negative end zones and a small positive center produce opposite phase gratings in
      the test field, and an array of such filters of different sizes can account for
      several properties of induced gratings. There are other properties of the effect
      that are highly nonlinear. A second model, which is nonlinear and based on the
      properties of hypercomplex cells, is suggested that may encompass both the linear
      and the nonlinear properties of the effect.

PMID- 4020521
TI  - Recent trends in pregnancy among teenagers in Oklahoma.

PMID- 4020522
TI  - Limiting antibiotics on the hospital formulary.

PMID- 4020523
TI  - Estimated physician manpower requirements for Oklahoma in 1990.

PMID- 4020524
TI  - Physician manpower production critique. State of Oklahoma. Council on Medical
      Education of the Oklahoma State Medical Association.

PMID- 4020525
TI  - Young drug abusers' problems of attachment to the family. Some consequences for
      treatment.

PMID- 4020526
TI  - Conjoint treatment of spouses: clinical experiences.

PMID- 4020527
TI  - Drosophila mushroom body mutants are deficient in olfactory learning.
AB  - Two Drosophila mutants are described in which the connections between the input
      to and the output from the mushroom bodies is largely interrupted. In all forms
      of the flies (larva, imago, male, female) showing the structural defect,
      olfactory conditioning is impaired. Learning is completely abolished when
      electroshock is used as reinforcement and partially suppressed in reward learning
      with sucrose. No influence of the mushroom body defect on the perception of the
      conditioning stimuli or on spontaneous olfactory behavior is observed. The defect
      seems not to impair learning of color discrimination tasks or operant learning
      involving visual cues.

PMID- 4020528
TI  - Proximal renal tubular acidosis in methylmalonic acidemia.
AB  - A patient with methylmalonic acidemia was found to have a persistent
      hyperchloremic acidosis. Investigation documented the presence of a proximal
      renal tubular acidosis. Between 14 and 18 months of age the urinary pH was as
      high as 8.0 when the serum bicarbonate was 17 mEq/liter and the threshold for
      bicarbonate was at 16-17 mEq/liter. When restudied at 33 months of age, the
      threshold had risen to 20 mEq/liter, but this was still abnormal and supplemental
      treatment was required to keep the serum concentration of bicarbonate above 20
      mEq/liter. It is postulated that organic acid metabolites which accumulate in
      this and related disorders may interfere with renal tubular function as has been
      shown for maleic acid in experimental animals.

PMID- 4020530
TI  - A qualitative and quantitative light microscopic study of the inferior olivary
      complex in the adult staggerer mutant mouse.
AB  - In the homozygous staggerer (sg/sg) mutant mouse, most of the Purkinje cells (the
      primary targets for olivocerebellar climbing fibers) are missing or ectopic. In
      this study, the organization and cell number of the inferior olivary complex in
      sg/sg were determined and compared to the inferior olive of the wildtype (+/+)
      mouse. Our results indicate that there is a marked disorganization and loss of
      almost 60% of the cells within the inferior olivary complex. This suggests that
      the inferior olive may be secondarily affected by the staggerer gene due to the
      defects in its main target cell, the Purkinje cell.

PMID- 4020529
TI  - Alanine decreases the protein requirements of infants with inborn errors of amino
      acid metabolism.
AB  - Supplementation with alanine was found to increase growth in weight and nitrogen
      balance in 5 infants with a variety of inborn errors of amino acid metabolism
      receiving diets restricted in protein. The addition of alanine to the regimen led
      to a mean increase in weight of 15 g/day. This and the increased nitrogen balance
      of 15 mg/kg/day were highly significant statistically. In addition a dose
      response effect of alanine was observed. The effect of alanine was compared with
      that of a supplemental mixture of essential and non-essential amino acids,
      lacking only those considered to be toxic in these patients. Alanine at 0.05 g/kg
      was as effective in promoting growth in weight as 1.05 g/kg of the amino acid
      mixture, while 0.25 g/kg of alanine was more effective than 0.70 g/kg of the
      amino acid mixture. The protein sparing anabolic effect of alanine is thought to
      be a reflection of the alanine glucose cycle.

PMID- 4020531
TI  - Properties of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in cultured human lymphoblasts.
AB  - A direct assay has been developed for succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in
      sonicates of human lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr Virus transformed cultured
      lymphoblasts. Enzyme activity was quantified by incubating cell extracts with
      uniformly labeled [14C]succinic semialdehyde and monitoring the conversion to
      [14C]succinic acid. Radiolabeled products were separated by liquid partition
      chromatography on hydrated silicic acid. Kinetic properties and requirements of
      succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in lymphoblast sonicates were investigated in
      order to determine optimal conditions for the direct assay. Enzyme activity was
      stimulated by dithiothreitol, ammonium and potassium ions and 0.1% Triton X-100.
      The concentrations for half maximal activation by ammonium and potassium were 5.2
      and 13.7 mM respectively. The mean activity of succinic semialdehyde
      dehydrogenase in assays in which equimolar NADP+ had been substituted for NAD+
      was 19% of the activity of assays which contained NAD+. Substrate Michaelis
      constants were 21 and 30 microM for NAD+, and 26, 42 and 70 microM for succinic
      semialdehyde. The enzyme displayed a pH optimum between 8 and 9 and demonstrated
      a slight temperature activation between 37 degrees and 45 degrees C. A deficiency
      of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity was documented in cultured
      lymphoblasts derived from a patient with gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria.

PMID- 4020533
TI  - Role of DNA in brain activity. Molecular engineering on the brain. International
      symposium. Ravello, Italy, May 27-29, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4020532
TI  - Duplication 12q24----qter in an infant with Dandy-Walker syndrome.
AB  - A boy with the Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with multiple congenital
      abnormalities is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed an abnormal chromosome
      21, inherited from his father who had a balanced translocation involving
      chromosomes 12 and 21: rcp(12;21)(q24.1;q22.1). The clinical features of this
      patient are compared with published descriptions for duplication 12q24----qter
      and a review of the literature pertaining to chromosomal anomalies found in other
      patients with the Dandy-Walker syndrome is presented.

PMID- 4020534
TI  - New acetylcholinesterase-deficient mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis
      elegans.
AB  - We have used visual screening for a mutationally induced uncoordinated phenotype,
      coupled with subsequent enzymatic assay, to isolate 19 new mutations producing
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) deficiencies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
      At least 13 of these are independent, and all fall within two genes, ace-1 X and
      ace-2 I, previously shown to control respectively two kinetically distinct major
      AChE classes, A and B. Three of the 4 new ace-1 alleles and one of the 15 new ace
      2 alleles are apparently leaky; the rest are probably null. For the 3 leaky ace-1
      alleles, qualitative changes in the residual class A AChE strongly support the
      contention that ace-1 is a structural gene. In ace-2;ace-1 mutants, marked
      reduction in class A and B AChE reveals a third, minor, previously unrecognized
      AChE class, designated C.

PMID- 4020535
TI  - A novel class of acetylcholinesterase, revealed by mutations, in the nematode
      Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - In ace-2;ace-1 double mutants of the nematode C. elegans, where the major
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) classes A and B have been eliminated by mutation, the
      animals are viable and residual AChE activity remains. This residual activity
      differs markedly from AChE classes A and B; its Km for acetylcholine is 1000-5000
      fold lower, its resistance to eserine is 3000-260,000-fold higher, it is markedly
      more thermolabile, and it can be separated from classes A and B by ion exchange
      chromatography. It has been designated class C AChE. Class C AChE of
      indistinguishable properties is also present in wild type C. elegans, at levels
      approximating those seen in ace-2;ace-1 double mutants, suggesting that it is
      controlled by a third, as yet unidentified, gene. Amongst other sources examined,
      class C-like AChE has been detected in another nematode species, Stephanurus
      dentatus, but not in Drosophila melanogaster, Torpedo californica, or Rattus
      rattus.

PMID- 4020536
TI  - Beer brewing as an ethnological catalyst.

PMID- 4020537
TI  - A reevaluation of psychotomimetic amphetamine derivatives in humans.

PMID- 4020538
TI  - The disease controversy: of metaphors, maps and menus.

PMID- 4020539
TI  - Antimicrobial therapy in infants and children: update 1976-1985. Part I.

PMID- 4020540
TI  - Caustic substance injuries.
AB  - Caustic and corrosive substance ingestions are a significant cause of early and
      late morbidity and may cause esophageal carcinoma after a long latent period.
      Initial management should be directed at the assurance of adequate ventilation
      and cardiovascular stability as well as the prevention of vomiting. Early
      esophagoscopy (to the level of first lesion, if present) is useful to identify
      those patients who do not need hospitalization or treatment. Esophagoscopy and
      contrast esophagram are useful to define the full extent of esophageal injury,
      but should be withheld until after the acute phase. Glucocorticoids are probably
      useful in limiting the extent and severity of esophageal stricture, the most
      frequent and significant long-term sequela. Colon interposition is used in those
      situations in which dilation of a stricture has been unsuccessful, and may
      prevent the subsequent development of esophageal carcinoma.

PMID- 4020541
TI  - Acute splenic sequestration in homozygous sickle cell disease: natural history
      and management.
AB  - Of a cohort of 308 children with homozygous sickle cell disease diagnosed at
      birth, 89 experienced 132 clinically significant attacks of acute splenic
      sequestration (ASS) over a 10-year period. The age at first attack ranged from 3
      months to 6 years. Survival curve analysis of the interval until first attack
      indicated a cumulative probability of 0.225 by 2 years, and 0.265 by 3 years, and
      0.297 by 5 years of age. Thirteen events were fatal, 11 during the first attack,
      and all before transfusion could be instituted. Recurrences occurred in 49% of
      survivors of the first attacks, and there were diminishing intervals between
      subsequent events. Respiratory symptoms were associated with 52 of 132 events,
      but bacterial isolates on blood culture were less frequent, and ASS was not
      prevented by pneumococcal vaccine or penicillin prophylaxis. A high fetal
      hemoglobin level protected against attacks of ASS. A parental education program
      aimed at early diagnosis of ASS was followed by an increase in the incidence rate
      for ASS from a mean of 4.6 per 100 patient-years to 11.3 per 100 patient-years,
      probably reflecting increased awareness of the complication. During the same
      periods, the fatality rate fell from 29.4 per 100 events to 3.1 per 100 events.
      The improvement in outcome is likely to have resulted from improvement in medical
      management and earlier detection of ASS.

PMID- 4020543
TI  - Herpes simplex virus encephalitis during childhood: importance of brain biopsy
      diagnosis.
AB  - Twelve consecutive pediatric patients 1 day to 11 years of age with suspected
      herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis underwent brain biopsy. Five were proved
      to have HSV encephalitis; seven had subdural empyema, malignant glioma,
      enteroviral encephalitis, (one each), and presumed viral encephalitis, non-HSV
      (four). Neither epidemiologic, clinical, nor noninvasive laboratory tests were
      able to help differentiate the two groups of patients. The EEG was more sensitive
      than the CT scan in demonstrating focal lesions in early HSV encephalitis. In
      patients with HSV encephalitis, the mean time from hospital admission to
      appropriate antiviral chemotherapy was 3 days, and the outcome of HSV
      encephalitis was uniformly poor. In patients with febrile encephalitis-like
      syndromes with CSF pleocytosis, focal neurologic signs, or other localizing test
      results (EEG, CT), anticipatory antiviral chemotherapy and brain biopsy are the
      only hope to prevent the poor outcome associated with HSV encephalitis, to
      exclude other treatable conditions, and to avoid multiple types of unnecessary
      empiric therapies.

PMID- 4020542
TI  - Pacemaker management for acute onset of heart block in childhood.
AB  - Four children aged 2 to 15 years are described who had Stokes-Adams syndrome as
      the primary cardiac manifestation of complete heart block. All had mild,
      nonspecific antecedent symptoms without signs of congestive heart failure. Viral
      neutralizing antibody titers (coxsackievirus B1 and B2) rose significantly in two
      patients. Electrocardiography demonstrated complete heart block associated with
      one or more of the following: right bundle branch block, left anterior hemiblock,
      left bundle branch block, intraventricular conduction delay, and ventricular
      standstill. In addition, second-degree heart block was seen during the initial or
      resolving phases of illness. To prevent further life-threatening episodes of
      Stokes-Adams syndrome, temporary transvenous pacemakers were placed. Two patients
      with persisting complete heart block required permanent pacemakers. At last
      examination, the remaining two patients had sinus rhythm and normal conduction.
      Nonsurgical acquired complete heart block is unusual in childhood, and may be the
      only manifestation of myocarditis. Extreme bradycardia, which causes syncope,
      requires immediate temporary cardiac pacing; if the bradycardia persists, a
      permanent pacemaker should be implanted.

PMID- 4020544
TI  - Proximal airway function 8 to 16 years after laryngomalacia: follow-up using flow
      volume loop studies.
AB  - Twenty children who had endoscopically confirmed laryngomalacia were reviewed at
      8 to 16 years of age. All had developed stridor in the first 6 weeks of life;
      stridor had stopped or largely resolved by age 4 years. Proximal airway function
      was assessed by expiratory and inspiratory flow volume loops and compared with
      control values. These children as a group had variable extrathoracic obstruction
      to inspiratory airflow, as indicated by a significantly low maximal inspiratory
      flow at 50% of vital capacity and a high mean ratio of maximal expiratory to
      maximal inspiratory flow at 50% vital capacity. Although limitation to
      inspiratory airflow was detectable in later childhood, it was not associated with
      troublesome symptoms. Significant stridor always resolved by 4 years of age, but
      some children experienced minor stridor under stress in later childhood.

PMID- 4020545
TI  - Environmental deprivation and transient elevation of sweat electrolytes.
AB  - We report five children who had transient elevations in sweat electrolyte values
      in association with environmental deprivation. The high electrolyte values were
      not always associated with malnutrition, and normalized more rapidly than weight.
      The reason for these abnormalities is unknown. In as much as elevated sweat
      electrolytes are rarely associated with environmental deprivation, repeat studies
      are recommended before diagnosing cystic fibrosis in such children.

PMID- 4020546
TI  - Hypercalciuria in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: association with
      hematuria.
AB  - After discovering juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), hematuria, and
      urolithiasis associated with hypercalciuria in two children, urinary calcium
      excretion was examined in 38 patients with JRA. Fasting urine calcium/creatinine
      (mg/mg) (UCa/UCr) ratios were increased (greater than 0.21) in 12 patients, who
      had a mean UCa/UCr ratio of 0.34 +/- 0.14, compared with 0.09 +/- 0.06 in 26
      normocalciuric patients with JRA. Increased UCa/UCr ratios were found more
      frequently in patients with systemic JRA (P less than 0.05); however, no
      relationship between UCa/UCr ratios and either functional classification or drug
      therapy was observed. Four children with increased urine calcium to creatinine
      ratios were examined more extensively. Twenty-four-hour urine calcium excretion
      ranged from 4.0 to 7.2 mg/kg/24 hours. An orally administered calcium loading
      test demonstrated fasting hypercalciuria after dietary calcium restriction in
      these four patients. Serum calcium, bicarbonate, phosphorus, and parathyroid
      hormone values were normal. Hematuria was found in six of 12 hypercalciuric
      patients with JRA but in only three of 26 normocalciuric patients (P less than
      0.016). We conclude that urinary calcium excretion is frequently increased in
      patients with JRA and that hypercalciuria may be related to the pathogenesis of
      hematuria in some of them.

PMID- 4020547
TI  - Anorexia nervosa by proxy.

PMID- 4020548
TI  - What represents pleocytosis in blood-contaminated ("traumatic tap") cerebrospinal
      fluid in children?

PMID- 4020549
TI  - String test in evaluation of cholestatic jaundice in infancy.

PMID- 4020550
TI  - Serum bile acid levels in patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia and neonatal
      hepatitis during the first 10 days of life.

PMID- 4020551
TI  - Newborn screening for maple syrup urine disease.

PMID- 4020552
TI  - Urinary citrate excretion in children with hypercalciuria.

PMID- 4020553
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri associated with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, internal
      jugular vein thrombosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 4020554
TI  - Occurrence of neuroblastoma and asymmetric crying facies: case report and review
      of the literature.

PMID- 4020555
TI  - Association of multinodular goiter, cystic renal disease, and digital anomalies.

PMID- 4020556
TI  - Umbilical cord length: clinical significance.
AB  - Umbilical cord length in 35,779 neonates was analyzed to determine values after
      mid-gestation and to see if abnormal values have clinical significance. Growth
      slowed after twenty-eighth week of gestation but did not stop before term. Cord
      length had a positive correlation with maternal height, pregravid weight,
      pregnancy weight gain, socioeconomic status, and the fetus being male. Short
      cords were associated with subsequent psychomotor abnormalities, but taken alone
      their predictive value was low because the normal range of cord lengths is large.
      Short cords were much better predictors of subsequent impairments when they were
      combined with other neonatal predictors. Short cords doubled or tripled the
      predictive values of low Apgar scores and several other neonatal abnormalities
      for subsequent low IQ values and neurologic abnormalities.

PMID- 4020557
TI  - Systemic to pulmonary collaterals mimicking patent ductus arteriosus in neonates
      with prolonged ventilatory courses.

PMID- 4020558
TI  - When is umbilical cord separation delayed?

PMID- 4020559
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cimetidine and metabolites in critically
      ill children.
AB  - Cimetidine and antacids are the mainstays of therapy for the prophylaxis of
      stress-induced ulceration in critically ill children. Previous cimetidine dosing
      recommendations have been empiric because of a lack of knowledge about cimetidine
      disposition kinetics in children. Thirty children, mean age 9 +/- 3.2 years, were
      admitted to the study with the following primary diagnoses: closed head injury
      (23 patients), sepsis (four), gunshot wound (two), and bleeding gastric
      ulceration (one). The mean dose of cimetidine was 26 mg/kg/day, administered
      intravenously over 15 minutes in four divided doses. Cimetidine disposition was
      best described by a biphasic elimination curve with t1/2 values for cimetidine,
      cimetidine sulfoxide, and hydroxymethyl cimetidine of 1.39, 2.6, and 4.7 hours,
      respectively. Cimetidine plasma concentrations were maintained at greater than or
      equal to 0.5 microgram/ml for a significantly longer time in patients who
      received greater than or equal to 20 mg/kg/day. Most patients had a plasma
      cimetidine concentration below 0.5 to 1.0 microgram/ml 4 hours after infusion.
      The mean apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance for cimetidine
      were 1.23 L/kg and 10.4 ml/min/kg, respectively. A significant correlation was
      found between age and either apparent volume of distribution (r = 0.76, P less
      than 0.001) or total body clearance (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). No significant
      correlation between cimetidine concentrations in either plasma or gastric juice
      and gastric pH could be determined. However, seven of nine patients who received
      only cimetidine had a gastric pH of greater than or equal to 4 at 2 hours after
      infusion when the plasma cimetidine concentration was greater than or equal to
      1.0 or the gastric juice concentration was greater than or equal to 2.0
      microgram/ml. The mean gastric pH was 2.2 at 6 hours, when plasma and gastric
      juice concentrations of cimetidine were greater than or equal to 1.0
      microgram/ml. On the basis of our data, a cimetidine dosage of 20 to 30 mg/kg/day
      administered in six divided doses should provide for average steady-state plasma
      cimetidine concentrations of 1.3 to 2.0 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 4020560
TI  - Pharmacokinetic determination of ranitidine pharmacodynamics in pediatric ulcer
      disease.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ranitidine were evaluated during
      three methods of administration in 12 children ranging in age from 3.5 to 16
      years with documented gastric or duodenal ulcer disease. First, a continuous
      intravenous infusion of ranitidine was administered to determine the serum
      concentration necessary to suppress gastric acid secretion by at least 90%. From
      these data a therapeutic dose of ranitidine was calculated and administered on
      separate days via the intravenous bolus and oral routes. Half-life, volume of
      distribution, and clearance values for ranitidine were the same after intravenous
      bolus and oral doses (1.8 vs 2.0 hours, 2.3 vs 2.5 L/kg, and 794.7 vs 788.0
      ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively). The bioavailability of ranitidine given orally
      averaged 48%. Serum ranitidine concentrations necessary to inhibit gastric acid
      secretion by at least 90% ranged between 40 and 60 ng/ml for all children
      studied. No adverse clinical or biochemical effects were observed in any child
      during the 6 weeks of orally administered treatment. Endoscopic reevaluation
      after 6 weeks indicated complete healing of initial ulcers.

PMID- 4020561
TI  - Percutaneous administration of theophylline in the preterm infant.
AB  - The preterm infant's skin is a poor barrier to the absorption of chemical agents.
      The possibility of turning this to the infant's advantage was explored by using
      the percutaneous route to administer theophylline. A standard dose of
      theophylline gel, equivalent to 17 mg anhydrous theophylline, was applied to an
      area of skin 2 cm in diameter over the upper abdomen under an occlusive dressing,
      and serial theophylline levels were measured; 25 studies were performed in 20
      infants of less than or equal to 30 weeks gestation. Therapeutic theophylline
      levels (greater than 4 mg/L) were achieved in 11 of 13 infants who had not
      previously received the drug, and were maintained for up to 72 hours. In 12
      studies in infants who were previously receiving aminophylline intravenously,
      theophylline levels were maintained for up to 70 hours. There was a significant
      decline in the amount of theophylline absorbed in the first 24 hours after
      application as the infant's postnatal age increased, but satisfactory blood
      levels were achieved in infants up to 20 days of age. The percutaneous route is a
      feasible method of administering theophylline in preterm infants.

PMID- 4020562
TI  - Transient defect in the synthesis of biopterin.

PMID- 4020563
TI  - Panic attack following injection of aqueous procaine penicillin G (Hoigne
      syndrome)

PMID- 4020564
TI  - Management of mild iron deficiency.

PMID- 4020565
TI  - Prematurity and premature thelarche.

PMID- 4020566
TI  - Effect of non-nutritive and nutritive suck on gastric emptying in premature
      infants.
AB  - Ten healthy preterm infants were studied to determine if non-nutritive and
      nutritive suck significantly altered gastric emptying patterns when compared with
      gavage feeding alone. We used a 10% dextrose meal with phenol red marker and a
      double sampling technique to determine gastric emptying at 10-min intervals over
      a 30-min test period. A crossover study design compared the effects of the three
      feeding methods in each infant. The gastric residual volumes expressed in
      milliliters per kilogram did not differ significantly when comparisons were made
      among groups at 10, 20, and 30 min following the test meal. Non-nutritive suck
      and nutritive suck and swallow of a liquid dextrose meal do not significantly
      improve gastric emptying in healthy preterm infants. The beneficial effects of
      non-nutritive and nutritive sucking on the nutritional status of preterm infants,
      demonstrated by others, are not related to improved gastric evacuation of feeds.
      Alternative explanations for these beneficial effects require further
      investigation.

PMID- 4020567
TI  - Continuous gastric pH measurement in young and older healthy preterm infants
      receiving formula and clear liquid feedings.
AB  - Gastric pH was recorded with an intragastric pH electrode for 12 h in two groups
      of healthy, preterm infants with similar birth weights (range 1.4 to 2.0 kg).
      Group I infants (n = 13) were less than 7 days old and Group II infants (n = 10)
      were 7-15 days old. Infants were fed three formula feedings and one clear liquid
      feeding during the study. In Group I, mean gastric pH measured at 15-min
      intervals was above 4.0 for 3 h after either feeding. In Group II mean gastric pH
      was lower particularly after clear liquid feedings, where it remained below pH
      4.0 for the entire 3-h postprandial period. The percent of monitored time at
      gastric pH less than 4.0 was low in Group I--15.2 +/- 4.2% and 20.6 +/- 6.4%
      after formula and clear liquid, respectively. The percent time was greater in
      Group II--42.7 +/- 8.0% and 61.9 +/- 7.3% after formula and clear liquid,
      respectively. In the younger preterm infant, gastric pH does not appear
      sufficiently low to support peptic activity.

PMID- 4020568
TI  - Seventeen-hour continuous esophageal pH monitoring in the newborn: evaluation of
      the influence of position in asymptomatic and symptomatic babies.
AB  - Esophageal pH monitoring has been performed in 60 asymptomatic neonates between 1
      and 10 days old. Several parameters (periods with a pH less than 4, number of
      reflux episodes, number of reflux episodes lasting more than 5 min, average
      duration of the longest reflux episode, average pH) were studied in different
      positions (in prone and supine position, in right and left side lying position).
      For all parameters, except for the average pH, we obtained significantly more
      favorable results in prone position. In 22 vomiting neonates, significantly
      favorable results were obtained only by application of positional therapy: in
      prone position with head elevated (anti-Trendelenburg). There was no significant
      difference between the symptomatic group (with radiologically proven reflux
      pathology) in prone and anti-Trendelenburg position, and the control group in
      prone horizontal position. The 17-h continuous pH monitoring in the newborn is a
      nonaggressive investigation technique in physiological circumstances, which
      adequately completes and/or replaces the traditional examinations on
      gastroesophageal reflux. This method enables an evaluation of the favorable
      effect of simple therapeutic means (positional changes). Medication, and
      thickening and staggering of feeding (a time-consuming and tiring burden for the
      parents), can be avoided with this technique.

PMID- 4020569
TI  - Oral rehydration, rapid feeding, and cholestyramine for treatment of acute
      diarrhea.
AB  - Different combinations of fluid therapy, feeding regimen, and cholestyramine were
      compared in search for optimal treatment of infants hospitalized for acute
      diarrhea. The infants (n = 81) received either rapid oral rehydration using the
      oral rehydration solution-World Health Organization formula (sodium 90 mmol/L,
      ORS-WHO) or traditional oral fluid replacement using a commercial glucose
      electrolyte solution (sodium 35 mmol/L). One-half of the infants in both groups
      received full feedings at 24 h of hospitalization; in the remaining infants,
      feedings were gradually introduced over a period of 5 days. In addition, all the
      children were randomized to receive either cholestyramine 2 g four times daily or
      an equivalent amount of placebo. Rehydration with ORS-WHO, but not traditional
      fluid replacement therapy, led to correction of initial metabolic acidosis after
      6-10 h; no cases of hypernatremia were observed with the use of ORS-WHO. Rapid
      return to full feedings appropriate for age, including milk products, was
      associated with better weight gain and significantly shorter duration of diarrhea
      compared with gradual introduction of feedings. Cholestyramine treatment further
      shortened the duration of diarrhea without adverse effects in those children who
      had received ORS-WHO and thus were properly rehydrated. In contrast, in children
      with poor initial hydration, cholestyramine treatment was associated with
      prolonged metabolic acidosis. We conclude that treatment of acute diarrhea by
      rehydration with ORS-WHO and rapid introduction of full feedings is effective and
      safe, and this combination forms a therapy of choice for typical hospitalized
      cases of acute infantile diarrhea in Finland. Cholestyramine may be of value as
      an adjunct therapy after adequate rehydration.

PMID- 4020570
TI  - Autoimmunity in diarrhoeal disease.
AB  - Evidence for autoimmunity in diarrhoeal disease is reviewed. Firstly, coeliac
      disease (CD) is considered. The incidence of tissue-reactive autoantibodies in
      both adults and children with CD (68% and 65%, respectively) is higher than the
      incidence of these autoantibodies in controls (6% in normal adults, and 14% and
      9% in disease controls drawn respectively from adult and child populations). The
      R1 antireticulin antibody, when present, was found to disappear after several
      weeks on a gluten-free diet, but in contrast, other autoantibodies persisted.
      Secondly, a case is argued for a new disease category, namely "autoimmune
      enteropathy." Seven cases are reviewed in which patients presented with
      protracted diarrhoea, a small intestinal enteropathy which failed to heal during
      periods of total parenteral nutrition, and evidence of a predisposition to
      autoimmunity (namely, the presence of high titre autoantibodies including one
      specific for gut epithelium, and/or the presence of associated diseases regarded
      to be autoimmune). Thirdly, evidence for autoimmunity in inflammatory bowel
      disease is reviewed and includes discussion of serum goblet cell antibodies and
      of circulating T cells which participate in antibody-dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity in vitro using colonic epithelial cells as targets. Finally, an
      unusual child is described who presented with chronic diarrhoea and a flat small
      intestinal mucosa, who responded to gluten withdrawal but who later relapsed
      spontaneously during a strict gluten-free diet. Her mucosa healed only after a
      period of total parenteral nutrition and treatment with oral steroids. This
      child's enteropathy was also associated with thyrotoxicosis and a microscopic
      colitis.

PMID- 4020571
TI  - Value of breath hydrogen analysis in management of diarrheal illness in
      childhood: comparison with duodenal biopsy.
AB  - Breath hydrogen tests were carried out on 157 children either because they had
      chronic diarrhea or because they were on disaccharide-free diets. Lactose
      malabsorption was common in patients with postgastroenteritis syndrome (43%), and
      sucrose malabsorption was readily detected in patients with congenital sucrase
      isomaltase deficiency. Secondary sucrose malabsorption and small bowel bacterial
      overgrowth were also detected. In predicting clinical response to dietary change,
      the breath hydrogen test, as we perform it, was clearly the most specific and
      sensitive and had a predictive accuracy of 96%. Duodenal biopsy results obtained
      from 48 of the children gave a 23% incidence of misleading disaccharidase results
      (16.7% falsely normal, 6.3% falsely abnormal), but biopsy remains vital in the
      diagnosis of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. False negative breath
      hydrogen results were obtained on occasions (4%) but in most instances were
      related to recent antimicrobial therapy or failure of the breath test mechanics
      (e.g., vomiting, length of sampling).

PMID- 4020572
TI  - Habit training as treatment of encopresis secondary to chronic constipation.
AB  - Fifty-eight encopretic children were placed on a habit training regimen
      consisting of initial disimpaction followed by attempts to defecate after a
      specific meal, and use of enemas contingent on failure to defecate for 2
      successive days. All patients had gross incontinence of long duration. After an
      average of less than four visits in 5 months, 83% had an excellent outcome, 60%
      were completely continent, and 23% had only staining. Patients not achieving
      continence averaged a 90% decrease in frequency of incontinence. The mean
      frequency of incontinent episodes decreased from 13.2 to 0.52 per week, while
      appropriate bowel movements increased from 3.8 to 5.9 per week. At follow-up
      (average of 3 years), 61% of 43 patients contacted had excellent outcomes, 51%
      were continent, and 10% had only staining. Patients still incontinent at follow
      up averaged 89% fewer episodes than they had prior to treatment. These findings
      show habit training to be a rapidly effective and long-lasting treatment for
      encopresis secondary to chronic constipation.

PMID- 4020573
TI  - Iron and the exclusively breast-fed infant from birth to six months.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether normal, full-term, exclusively
      breast-fed infants develop iron deficiency anemia, as defined by hemoglobin or
      red blood cell indices more than two standard deviations below the age-specific
      mean, or depletion of iron stores, as defined by an abnormally low serum ferritin
      level. Thirty-three breast-fed infants were followed from birth to 6 months.
      Maternal blood and cord blood at delivery, and venous blood from the infants at
      2, 4, and 6 months were analyzed for anemia as defined above. At 6 months of age,
      the mean hemoglobin concentration of these infants was slightly higher than the
      normal mean; four of 33 infants (12%) had a mean corpuscular volume greater than
      2 SD below the reported normal mean; and two of 33 infants (6%) had a serum
      ferritin level less than 12 ng protein/ml. These data suggest that the infant who
      is exclusively breast-fed for the first 6 months of life is not at high risk for
      the development of iron deficiency anemia or the depletion of iron stores during
      that time.

PMID- 4020574
TI  - Breast-feeding among teenage mothers: milk composition, infant growth, and
      maternal dietary intake.
AB  - Information on breast-feeding was obtained from 25 mothers recruited from four
      high school programs for teenaged parents. Subjects were visited monthly 1-9
      times (mean 3.7 visits) during the first 10 months of lactation to measure infant
      growth and maternal dietary intake and to collect a breast milk sample. Of 24
      mothers visited more than once, 21 (88%) breast-fed for more than 3 months, and
      at least nine continued beyond 6 months. Compared to the nutrient content of milk
      samples from adult women, milk of teenage mothers was significantly lower in
      lactose, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium. However, the differences in
      magnesium, calcium, and potassium may have been due to differences in the timing
      of sample collection. On the basis of infant growth, milk volume was judged to be
      adequate for 88% of the infants. Mean maternal energy and protein intakes were
      2,897 kcal and 115 g, respectively; mean intakes of calcium, potassium, vitamin
      A, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C exceeded the National Research Council's
      Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for lactation, while iron and thiamine
      intakes averaged 84% and 94% of the RDA, respectively. It is concluded that with
      active counseling teenage mothers are capable of successful lactation.

PMID- 4020575
TI  - Free fatty acids in the development of breast milk jaundice.
AB  - The incubation of milk, at 4 degrees C, from mothers of infants with breast milk
      jaundice (BMJ) is reported to result in significantly higher levels of free fatty
      acids (FFA) compared with milk from controls. Single milk samples collected under
      standard conditions were obtained from four mothers of infants with BMJ and 14
      control donors matched for stage of lactation. Milk samples were analyzed for the
      concentrations of FFA, using thin-layer gas chromatographic techniques. In
      addition, serum total fatty acids were measured in mothers and infants. The
      concentrations of FFA increased after storage of the milk from both the jaundiced
      and control groups. No differences were observed in the composition of milk FFA
      before or after incubation, when respective values were compared between these
      two groups. Similarly, no differences were detected in serum total fatty acids in
      either infants or mothers. The observation that increased levels of FFA in milk
      are associated with BMJ was not confirmed.

PMID- 4020576
TI  - On the source of bile salt-stimulated lipase in human milk: a study based on
      serum concentrations as determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      technique.
AB  - Human milk contains a bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) which is considered to
      contribute significantly to lipid digestion in newborns. Human pancreatic juice
      contains an enzyme, carboxyl ester hydrolase (CEH), that is immunochemically and
      functionally identical to the milk enzyme. It has not been clear, however,
      whether the milk enzyme is synthesized within the mammary gland or whether the
      pancreatic enzyme is transported to the mammary gland for secretion. In this
      study we describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determinations
      of BSSL and CEH in serum. Serum samples from healthy adults of both sexes contain
      significant amounts of enzyme (3.2 +/- 1.7 micrograms/L). Lactating women did not
      have higher serum levels, which would be expected if the milk enzyme were a
      product of the pancreas, and it was calculated that the concentrations found
      could not sufficiently account for the amounts secreted in the milk. We therefore
      conclude that BSSL is synthesized within the mammary gland. This conclusion is
      further strengthened by our findings that serum of breast-fed newborns contains
      very little if any enzyme. Since macromolecular absorption is high early in life,
      and witch's milk contains high enzyme levels, again one would expect high serum
      levels if BSSL were a pancreatic product.

PMID- 4020577
TI  - Hydrophobic interactions of human milk lipase.
AB  - The hydrolysis of a series of n-alkyl esters of 4-nitrobenzoic acid, and of
      isopropyl 4-nitrobenzoate, 4'-nitrophenyl 4-nitrobenzoate, and 4-nitrobenzoyl 1
      monoglycerol, catalyzed by human milk lipase in the absence and presence of
      cholate stimulation, has been measured at pH 7.3, 37.5 degrees C. It has been
      shown that the enzyme possesses a specific alkyl binding site which is
      hydrophobic in nature and wide enough to accommodate two fatty acid chains lying
      side by side or a phenyl ring lying flat. The hydrophobic nature of this site is
      affected by bile salt stimulation of the enzyme. Hydrophobicity parameters have
      been calculated for hydrocarbon chains lying in the acyl and alkyl binding sites
      of human milk lipase. A mechanism is suggested for the role of bile salts in
      stimulating the enzyme in its activity against water soluble esters and water
      soluble triacylglycerols.

PMID- 4020578
TI  - Intralipid infusion in neonates: effects on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.
AB  - In vivo and in vitro studies were done to assess the effects of Intralipid (IL)
      on neonatal polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function. No significant
      abnormalities of chemotactic (CT) or chemiluminescent (CL) activities were noted
      in cord or adult PMNLs incubated with IL (10 mg/ml) when compared with paired
      controls incubated with buffer. In 14 premature and term neonates, IL was infused
      at 1 g/kg/24 h. Postinfusion CL activity of PMNLs was not significantly different
      from preinfusion CL activity. Although previous animal and human studies have
      shown abnormalities of PMNL function using higher infusion rates, slow infusion
      of IL at 1 g/kg/24 h produced no detectable alteration in PMNL oxidative
      function. The safety of long-term therapy with higher doses of IL remains to be
      proven.

PMID- 4020579
TI  - Development of colonic fluid and electrolyte transport: influence of weaning
      pattern.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal postnatal development of
      electrolyte and water transport in the large intestines of rats aged 10-20 days,
      to focus on the events taking place around the time of weaning, and to study the
      influence of different feeding patterns at the time of weaning on the normal
      development of the transport mechanisms in the large intestine. The net
      absorption of sodium, potassium, and water was investigated by using in vivo
      luminal isotonic perfusion in rats aged 12-40 days. The activity of the active
      transport enzyme Na-KATPase in the colonic mucosa of rats aged 10-40 days was
      determined. We found a significant decrease in the net absorption of electrolytes
      and water that was greatest around the time of weaning. Since the NaKATPase
      activity was lower in 10-16-day-old rats than in 40-day-old rats, we suggest that
      the high sodium and water uptake in the colon of suckling rats is independent of
      the sodium pump. Changes in the feeding patterns around the time of weaning, such
      as prolonged suckling, were associated with a significantly higher net absorption
      of electrolytes and water than in rats that were normally weaned at 20 days of
      age. The Na-KATPase activity was not significantly influenced by the weaning
      pattern.

PMID- 4020580
TI  - Influence of diet on the development of gastrin- and somatostatin-like
      immunoreactivity in the stomach of rats.
AB  - The effects of changes in diet on antral gastrin-like immunoreactivities and
      antral and corporal somatostatin-like immunoreactivities were studied in three
      groups of young male rats. Group 1 rats were weaned physiologically, group 2 rats
      received only breast milk, and group 3 rats were fed milk until 20 days of age
      and then were switched abruptly to laboratory chow. In group 1, antral gastrin
      like immunoreactivity and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity increased gradually
      from 13 days of age to adults. In group 2, antral gastrin-like immunoreactivity
      did not increase, and antral and corporal somatostatin-like immunoreactivity
      increased until 20 and 25 days of age, respectively. In group 3, there were three
      to fivefold increases of antral gastrin-like immunoreactivity and somatostatin
      like immunoreactivity after changing to laboratory chow. Dietary changes had no
      effect on the concentration of corporal somatostatin-like immunoreactivity. These
      results suggest that the developmental patterns of gastric gastrin-like
      immunoreactivity and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity are closely related to
      diet; laboratory chow may play an important role in the development of these gut
      hormones.

PMID- 4020581
TI  - Development of gastric histidine decarboxylase in the rat: sensitivity to fasting
      and secretagogues.
AB  - Gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase (HDase) was measured in fetal rats
      between days 16 and 21 of gestation, and in newborn rats up to weaning. HDase was
      not detected in fetal stomach. Its activity developed from day 1 after birth (29
      +/- 2 pmol CO2/mg protein/h) and increased up to day 18 when it reached the fed
      adult level (894 +/- 174 pmol CO2/mg protein/h). Weaning increased HDase activity
      significantly (weaned versus unweaned rats: 1,664 +/- 150 and 1,036 +/- 170 pmol
      CO2/mg protein/h; p less than 0.005). Up to day 18, HDase activity was not
      altered by 16 h to 24 h of fasting. From that day on, HDase became sensitive to
      both pentagastrin and carbachol. These results indicate that complete functional
      maturation of histamine-producing cells is only reached at day 18, just before
      weaning. This developmental pattern may explain the differences observed between
      fetal and adult regulation of gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 4020582
TI  - Intestinal tapering and lengthening for short bowel syndrome.
AB  - Intestinal tapering and lengthening were performed in a child with short bowel
      syndrome to prevent the need for home parenteral nutrition. The intestinal
      lengthening was not successful, presumably because the vascular anatomy was not
      favorable. Significant clinical improvement and avoidance of home parenteral
      nutrition resulted from the tapering procedure. These procedures have a role in
      the treatment of selected patients with short bowel syndrome.

PMID- 4020583
TI  - Multifocal osteonecrosis in adolescents with Crohn's disease: a complication of
      therapy?
AB  - Three adolescents with severe Crohn's ileocolitis developed osteonecrosis after
      receiving intravenous corticosteroids and parenteral nutrition, including 10%
      lipid infusion. Each had achieved clinical remission with therapy. However,
      several months following completion of therapy, each developed arthralgias and
      arthritis of weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints. Roentgenographic
      evaluation revealed osteonecrosis involving multiple joints. Osteonecrosis may
      result from the interference with blood flow to bone and has been produced in
      animals by infusion of lipid solutions and administration of corticosteroids. We
      report these cases of osteonecrosis as a probable complication of corticosteroid
      and lipid infusion in adolescents treated for severe Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4020584
TI  - Does breast feeding protect against development of clinical symptoms of celiac
      disease in children?

PMID- 4020585
TI  - Drug education: why we have so little impact.

PMID- 4020586
TI  - Factors associated with public health nurses' perceptions of skill in chemical
      dependency assessment and referral.

PMID- 4020587
TI  - The persistence of experimentally induced cognitive change: a neglected dimension
      in the assessment of drug prevention programs.

PMID- 4020588
TI  - Student consumer health knowledge and behavior in the marketplace.

PMID- 4020589
TI  - Effects of type of examiner, sex, and year in school on self report of drug use
      by high school students.

PMID- 4020590
TI  - Evaluating an educational program for the prevention of impaired driving among
      grade 11 students.

PMID- 4020591
TI  - Improving anti-smoking education: profiling the ex-smoker.

PMID- 4020592
TI  - Addiction to Zenachlor--drug issues from A to Z.

PMID- 4020593
TI  - Mushroom use by college students.

PMID- 4020594
TI  - Teachers' perceptions related to smoking education between 1973 and 1982.

PMID- 4020595
TI  - Substance abuse and teacher stress.

PMID- 4020596
TI  - The effect of locus of control and perceptions of school environment on outcome
      in three school drug abuse prevention programs.

PMID- 4020597
TI  - Identifying chemical use problems in a community clinic.

PMID- 4020598
TI  - North Carolina Drug Education School Evaluation Instrument.

PMID- 4020599
TI  - Behavioral assessment: advancing methodology in pediatric psychology.

PMID- 4020600
TI  - The Personality Inventory for Children and hyperactivity: clinical utility and
      generalizability problems.

PMID- 4020601
TI  - Revision of the Parenting Stress Index.

PMID- 4020602
TI  - Use of the PPVT-R for intellectual screening with a preschool pediatric sample.

PMID- 4020603
TI  - Diagnostic uses of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales.

PMID- 4020605
TI  - The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations.
AB  - A pilot study and two experiments investigated the influence of positive affect,
      induced in three differing ways, on the uniqueness of word associations. Persons
      in the positive-affect conditions gave more unusual first-associates to neutral
      words, according to the Palermo & Jenkins (1964) norms, than did subjects in the
      control conditions. In Study 3, where word type (positive, neutral, negative) was
      a second factor along with affect, in a between-subjects design, associates to
      positive words were also more unusual and diverse than were those to other words.
      These results were related to those of studies suggesting that positive affect
      may facilitate creative problem solving and to other work suggesting an impact of
      positive feelings on cognitive organization.

PMID- 4020604
TI  - Causal attributions of married couples: when do they search for causes? What do
      they conclude when they do?
AB  - In this study, we examined when and whether married people engage in
      attributional activity or form causal attributions to explain their partners'
      behavior. We used an indirect probe to better approximate naturally occurring
      cognitive activity. We also examined the content of spouses' causal attributions,
      using both direct and indirect probes. Spouses were asked about frequent as well
      as infrequent relationship events, and about partner behaviors that had positive
      or negative impacts on the recipient. Husbands in unsatisfying relationships
      reported more attributional thoughts than did happily married husbands, whereas
      wives in the two groups did not differ. Behaviors having negative impacts
      elicited more attributional activity than did positive behaviors. Behavioral
      frequency and impact interacted in ways contrary to predictions. Finally,
      distressed couples were particularly likely to report distress-maintaining
      attributions and were particularly unlikely to report relationship-enhancing
      attributions, compared with their nondistressed counterparts.

PMID- 4020606
TI  - Cross-cultural examination of the semantic dimensions of body postures.
AB  - In two studies, we examined the cross-cultural validity of the dimensional
      structures with which postures are judged. In Study 1, 686 Japanese subjects
      rated 40 posture expressions on sixteen 5-point semantic differential scale
      items. Subjects inferred an encoder's attitude towards oneself (i.e., the
      decoding subject) in hypothetical dyadic situations. A principal-component factor
      analysis yielded evidence for three independent dimensions resembling those
      proposed by Schlosberg (1954), Osgood (1966), and Williams and Sundene (1965).
      These three factors were named self-fulfillment, interpersonal positiveness, and
      interpersonal consciousness. In Study 2, 336 Japanese students again rated the 40
      posture expressions on the sixteen 5-point differential items, but an attempt was
      made to control for the status of the hypothetical encoder. The results of this
      study essentially replicated those of Study 1. One interesting finding was that
      although we found the same factors as those found in studies conducted in the
      West, the order of the factors in our studies was the reverse of the order found
      in these previous studies. The findings are discussed in terms of proposed
      cultural differences in the maintenance of human relations.

PMID- 4020607
TI  - Adler's psychology (of use) today: personal history of traumatic life events as a
      self-handicapping strategy.
AB  - We investigated the hypothesis that the reporting of a history of traumatic life
      events may serve as a strategy to control attributions about performance in an
      evaluative setting (i.e., self-handicapping). Following from Alfred Adler's early
      theorization in the psychology of use, as well as more recent theory and research
      on self-handicapping, we predicted that individuals would emphasize the adversity
      of events and experiences in their background when an uncertain evaluation was
      expected and when a traumatic background would serve as a suitable excuse for
      potential failure. Results generally supported the hypothesized self-protective
      reporting of traumatic life events.

PMID- 4020608
TI  - Jealousy: loss of relationship rewards, loss of self-esteem, depression, anxiety,
      and anger.
AB  - White's (1981) theory of romantic jealousy states that the loss (or anticipated
      loss) of a romantic partner to a rival causes two kinds of suffering: loss (or
      anticipated loss) of relationship rewards and loss (or anticipated loss) of self
      esteem. Elaborating this theory, we proposed that loss of relationship rewards
      causes depression, whereas loss of self-esteem causes anxiety and anger. General
      support was found for White's theory and the elaborations, but not for the
      hypothesis that the loss of self-esteem causes anxiety. Anxiety may be a product
      of both loss of self-esteem and loss of relationship rewards.

PMID- 4020609
TI  - Perceptions of stressful life events and depression: a test of attributional
      models.
AB  - A brief review of tests of the attributional model of depression suggests that
      there is only weak or inconsistent support for the predicted causal ascriptions
      by depressed persons for negative events. Moreover, in very few studies have
      researchers actually tested the causal predictions of the model. Finally, because
      many of the studies were conducted with normal college students, the generality
      of the model as applied to different populations needs to be investigated. We
      addressed three questions: (a) the validity of the hypothesized independent and
      direction relation between each of the dimensions of internality, stability,
      controllability, intentionality, and globality and depression; (b) the causal
      relation between attributions and depression in a 2-month prospective study; and
      (c) evaluation of the model on two disparate samples: normal college students and
      elderly depressed outpatients ascribing causes for their personally stressful
      events. Causal modeling statistical procedures were applied to both the question
      of concurrent relations and causal relations between cognitions and depression.
      The results suggest minimal support for the attributional model: The dimensions
      were not each independently and directly associated with depression in the manner
      predicted by Abramson, Seligman, and Teasdale (1978), and the model that best fit
      the data was generally congruent for both the normal and clinical samples. In
      terms of direction of causality, the data were more consistent in indicating that
      depression causes cognitions than in indicating the reverse.

PMID- 4020610
TI  - The effects of private self-consciousness and perspective taking on satisfaction
      in close relationships.
AB  - We extended the scope of recent studies in which self-awareness and perspective
      taking have been used as predictors of social competence or adjustment: We
      analyzed their influence on the satisfaction experienced in monogamous,
      heterosexual relationships. Members of 131 couples answered questions concerning
      themselves and their relationships. We predicted that individual differences in
      private self-consciousness would be positively related to relationship
      satisfaction because of the greater self-disclosure resulting from that
      heightened self-attention. Second, we predicted that individual differences in
      perspective taking would foster relationship satisfaction, independent of any
      influence of self-disclosure. Both expectations were confirmed. Scores on the
      private self-consciousness scale were predictive of reported self-disclosure, and
      self-disclosure was predictive of satisfaction in the relationship. Furthermore,
      once the influence of self-disclosure was removed, no effect of self
      consciousness on satisfaction remained. In contrast, after disclosure was
      controlled, perspective-taking scores were significantly related to satisfaction
      and were in fact unrelated to disclosure at all. These findings indicate that two
      personality characteristics having to do with habitual attention to behavioral
      tendencies, to emotions, and to motivations significantly enhance the quality of
      close heterosexual relationships in different ways. Results are discussed in
      terms of current theory in the related fields.

PMID- 4020611
TI  - Women's involvement in multiple roles and psychological distress.
AB  - Women's involvement in multiple roles was examined in relation to three stress
      indices: role overload, role conflict, and anxiety. Using hierarchical multiple
      regression analyses, effects of number of roles occupied; occupancy of the
      particular roles of paid worker, wife, and mother; and the quality of a woman's
      experience in her roles were analyzed. Data were from a disproportionate
      stratified random sample (N = 238) of Caucasian women between 35 and 55 years of
      age. For the total sample and for employed women, occupancy of the role of mother
      was related to two stress indices; occupancy of the role of paid worker was
      related to none. The quality of experience in the work and parental roles was a
      significant predictor of role overload; quality of parental role experience was a
      significant predictor of role conflict and of anxiety.

PMID- 4020612
TI  - The motivation to breastfeed: a fit to the opponent-process theory?
AB  - The opponent-process theory, a dynamic model of acquired motivation presented by
      Solomon and Corbit (1974), was applied to the process of breastfeeding. A
      modified form of the Nowlis Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL, Nowlis, 1965, 1970)
      and a discomfort measure were used in assessing through recall the affective
      course predicted by the theory. The data were analyzed using multivariate
      analysis of variance (MANOVA) and correlational procedures. Results were highly
      significant: Women who breastfed for relatively long periods recalled positive
      affective responses while the baby was at breast and a subsequent negative or
      dysphoric response. The additional characteristics of acquired motivation,
      habituation, and withdrawal, were also evidenced in the data. As a control for
      possible confounding demand characteristics inherent in the methodology, a sample
      of childless women was surveyed using an "as-if" form of the same questionnaire.
      Very little similarity to the breastfeeders was found in the pattern of responses
      yielded by this group. It was concluded that our major findings are quite likely
      free of influence from this source.

PMID- 4020613
TI  - Affective and cognitive characteristics of depression in 10- and 11-year-old
      children.
AB  - Indices of emotion experiences, attribution style, and intellectual performance
      were regressed on an index of childhood depression. The results indicated that
      the depressed children were like depressed adults in that they reported
      experiencing a pattern of emotions including sadness, anger, self-directed
      hostility, and shame, and they tended to explain negative events in terms of
      internal, stable, and global causes. The similarity between depressed children
      and depressed adults on these measures was greater for girls than for boys.
      Depression was not related to performance on a verbal task, but depressed girls
      performed worse than nondepressed girls on a block design task. The measures of
      emotion experiences accounted for 78.1% and 46.1% of the variance in girls' and
      boys' depression scores, respectively, after the variance accounted for by
      attribution style was partialed out.

PMID- 4020614
TI  - Type A behavior, age, and psychological well-being.
AB  - We investigated psychological well-being among Type A and B individuals across
      the age span. We hypothesized that the hard-driving, achievement-oriented
      lifestyle exhibited by Type As would be adaptive in younger age groups, but would
      lead to lower well-being in later life because of increased limitations on the
      range and level of one's activities. By contrast, the more relaxed, easygoing
      style of the Type B matches better the slower pace of old age, but is not as
      conducive to success in younger age groups. Thus we expected older Type Bs more
      than younger Type Bs to exhibit greater well-being. Results confirmed these
      hypotheses, but indicated that psychological differences may be mediated in part
      by differences in physical well-being. Furthermore, experience with life events,
      and the structure and function of social networks, may contribute to the
      differences in well-being.

PMID- 4020615
TI  - Validity of self-reports of alcohol and other drug use: a multitrait-multimethod
      assessment.
AB  - Four methods (self-reported rating, self-reported intake, peer-reported rating,
      peer-reported intake) and multiple analytical criteria were employed to assess
      the construct validity of reports of three types of substance use (alcohol,
      marijuana, and cigarettes) in a study of 194 college students who were members of
      friendship pairs. The resulting multitrait-multimethod matrix was analyzed in the
      traditional fashion as well as with confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and
      discriminant validity for the three substance use traits were quite adequate,
      although the validity of one measure (the peer-reported intake measure of alcohol
      use) may be considered inadequate according to some criteria. This study
      demonstrates the usefulness of multimethod assessment and confirmatory factor
      analysis for research on construct validity and for derivation of more accurate
      measures of drug use.

PMID- 4020616
TI  - Evidence for extending the circumplex model of personality trait language to self
      reported moods.
AB  - We show that self-ratings by 141 undergraduates on 17 items form a circumplex
      that closely agrees with Conte and Plutchik's (1981) circumplex of personality
      traits. The order of items on a circumplex, generated by self-ratings following a
      here-and-now instruction set, scarcely differs from that of a circumplex
      representing the same ratings averaged over a 2-week period. The configuration
      becomes more elliptical as one moves from the state-like measures (here-and-now
      ratings) to pure trait measures (averages), but measurement bias is shown to be
      the most probable cause of the distortion. Allowing for the limitations of small
      samples of items and raters, the findings show that the circumplex model
      represents a valid theoretical construct and does not arise from measurement
      error or from an illusory implicit personality theory.

PMID- 4020617
TI  - Group decision making by experts: field study of panels evaluating medical
      technologies.
AB  - Decision-making processes and their outcomes were investigated in six consensus
      development conferences at the National Institutes of Health in which panels of
      experts evaluated new medical technologies. One hundred seventy-seven self
      administered questionnaires were obtained from participants in these conferences.
      Questionnaire data were analyzed along with data derived from content analyses of
      the six consensus statements (CS) produced by the conferences. Results of these
      analyses provide considerable support for the hypotheses that the quality of the
      outcome (i.e., the CS) is determined by the existence of an interaction process,
      a decision procedure, and a chairperson, which facilitate the exchange of
      relevant information. Strong disagreements among the panelists appear to inhibit
      such exchange and harm the quality of the CS. Personal satisfaction appears to be
      more strongly related to the quality of the process and of the information
      disseminated than to the quality of the outcome. A clear relation was found
      between the panelists' status and expertise, their participation in the process,
      and their contribution to the CS. The pattern of these findings is quite similar
      to that obtained in laboratory studies. The role of preconference organizational
      factors, such as the selection of conference questions, panel, and speakers, and
      the characteristics of the technology are discussed.

PMID- 4020618
TI  - Physiological and affective predictors of change in relationship satisfaction.
AB  - In 1980, 30 married couples had engaged in a low-conflict and a high-conflict
      conversational interaction while continuous physiological data were obtained. In
      a separate session each spouse had provided a continuous self-report of affect
      while viewing the videotape of the interaction. In 1983, 19 of these couples were
      re-located to determine the change in relationship satisfaction that had occurred
      over the preceding 3 years. A broadly based pattern of physiological arousal
      (across spouses, interaction segments, and physiological measures) in 1980 was
      found to predict decline in marital satisfaction; the more aroused the couple was
      during the 1980 interactions, the more their marital satisfaction declined over
      the ensuing 3 years. Several affective variables also predicted decline in
      marital satisfaction, including a pronounced sex difference in negative affect
      reciprocity: Marital satisfaction declined most when husbands did not reciprocate
      their wives' negative affect, and when wives did reciprocate their husbands'
      negative affect.

PMID- 4020619
TI  - [Extra-weak chemiluminescence of drugs. I. Extra-weak chemiluminescence of
      tablets and capsules].

PMID- 4020620
TI  - Binding and disposition of sulfisoxazole in alcoholic cirrhosis.
AB  - The disposition of sulfisoxazole was studied in six male patients hospitalized
      with biopsy-proven Laennec's alcoholic cirrhosis and six normal, healthy
      volunteers. Four of the patients were restudied at a time their liver disease had
      improved clinically. On the average, compared to the normal group, the metabolism
      of sulfisoxazole (clearance values with respect to unbound concentration values)
      appears to be unaltered for the cirrhotic patients. For patients with alcoholic
      cirrhosis having normal renal function for age and weight, the renal elimination
      of sulfisoxazole was normal. For those subjects with decreased renal function,
      the renal clearance of sulfisoxazole appeared to be disproportionately decreased,
      as evidenced by a lower-than-normal sulfisoxazole renal clearance-to-creatinine
      clearance values. The apparent steady-state volume of distribution of unbound
      sulfisoxazole was not altered in cirrhotic patients when compared to normal
      subjects, while the apparent volume of distribution of total drug increased by
      more than what could be expected from protein binding changes alone. The
      elimination rate constant did not differ from values found in normals. These data
      suggest that the total binding capacity of sulfisoxazole in cirrhotic patients is
      not different from that of normal subjects.

PMID- 4020621
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of theobromine and its metabolites in rabbits.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of theobromine (3, 7-DMX) and its metabolites was
      investigated in detail in four male rabbits after bolus intravenous injection (4
      mg/kg) of the compound. Apparent first-order rate constants for the metabolic
      processes involved in the formation of 3,7-DMX metabolites and their excretion in
      urine were calculated. Theobromine, 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) and 3-methylxanthine
      (3-MX) were measured in blood and urine, and the other metabolites were
      determined only in urine. An appropriate model of 14 compartments is formulated
      to describe the disposition of 3,7-DMX and its metabolites.

PMID- 4020622
TI  - A theoretical consideration of percutaneous drug absorption.
AB  - The percutaneous drug absorption process and its clinical significance are not
      fully known. In this article we propose a theoretical method to obtain two
      parameters (kd and kc) of percutaneous drug absorption from in vivo data. These
      parameters are related to diffusion of a drug through the skin and removal
      process at the skin-capillary boundary, respectively, characterizing several
      pharmacokinetic aspects of the drug applied to the skin. Moreover, by employing
      these two kinetic constants, a simulation of percutaneous drug absorption can be
      theoretically generated. On the basis of our theoretical considerations on the
      percutaneous drug absorption process described herein, we conclude that the
      percutaneous drug absorption process is better understood by employing two
      kinetic constants in a mathematical model and that its clinical application would
      be highly possible.

PMID- 4020623
TI  - A nonlinear physiologic pharmacokinetic model: I. Steady-state.
AB  - The two-compartment model of Rowland et al., (2) has been extended by replacing
      first order elimination with Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics. All of the
      equations for steady-state concentrations and clearances for zero order (constant
      rate) input orally (into compartment #2) and intravenously (into compartment #1)
      are derived and reported. The steady-state concentration in compartment #1,
      following intravenous administration, is shown to be a nonlinear function of
      maximal velocity of metabolism, Vm, the Michaelis constant, Km, and liver blood
      flow, Q; and, following oral administration is dependent only upon Vm and Km and
      is independent of Q. However, oral bioavailability is a function of Vm, Km, and
      Q. The model allows physiologic pharmacokinetic interpretation of both linear and
      nonlinear data; and, together with simple modification of the model, can explain
      much observed pharmacokinetic data to date particularly for first-pass drugs.
      Future articles in the series will be concerned with single doses, evaluation of
      literature data in terms of the model, application of the theory in toxicology
      and in clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutics.

PMID- 4020624
TI  - The determination of mean residence time using statistical moments: is it
      correct?
AB  - The estimation of mean residence time using statistical moment theory is shown to
      lead to the true mean residence time only in the case of a concentration-time
      curve which is a single exponential. In other cases, including the commonly
      encountered double exponential, there is a systematic error present which can
      lead to the result being incorrect by as much as a factor of 2. For the case of
      instantaneous input, an alternative estimation procedure is suggested which gives
      an estimate much closer to the true mean residence time.

PMID- 4020625
TI  - Stable-isotope methodology for the bioavailability study of phenytoin during
      multiple-dosing regimens.
AB  - With the highly sensitive and specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC
      MS), plasma concentrations resulting from an intravenous administration of only a
      small amount of stable isotopically labeled phenytoin (DPH-d10) were determined
      to obtain information on the accurate clearance values under steady-state
      conditions attained with unlabeled phenytoin (DPH-d0). A time course of DPH-d10
      concentrations was followed simultaneously with DPH-d0 during dosing intervals by
      GC-MS, with DPH-d5 as an internal standard. The present stable-isotope
      methodology offered advantages for the estimation of absolute bioavailability of
      the oral phenytoin dose in patients, while normal therapy was continued and not
      withdrawn.

PMID- 4020626
TI  - Estimation of theophylline clearance during intravenous aminophylline infusions.
AB  - The utility of predicting theophylline clearance (CL) from two serum
      concentrations obtained during continuous intravenous aminophylline infusion was
      examined in 16 stable, adult patients. Blood for theophylline measurement was
      obtained 0, 6, and 12 h after starting infusions and, thereafter, at 12-h
      intervals. EMIT was used to assay samples in multiple runs as they were obtained.
      Later, each sample was reassayed by EMIT within a single run. Bayesian least
      squares regression and the algebraic method of Chiou were used to predict CL
      using the 0,6 and 0,12 h concentrations. "Actual" CL was measured by nonlinear
      least-squares regression of all concentrations obtained during prolonged
      infusions. Prediction bias and precision were assessed by calculating mean
      percent error (PCE) and mean absolute percent error (APCE), respectively. A three
      way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to examine the effect of the method of CL
      prediction, assay procedure, and time interval between samples on PCE and APCE.
      Bayesian predictions were less biased and slightly more precise than Chiou
      predictions. The assay procedure had no effect on bias but precision was improved
      using a single-assay run. Predictions were less biased and more precise with 0,12
      h versus 0,6 h data. Serum samples for theophylline measurement should be
      obtained after initiating constant intravenous aminophylline and again 8-12 h
      later in stable, adult patients. Prediction of CL with either of the
      concentration-based methods studied will then allow safe and rapid adjustment of
      dosage to achieve therapeutic serum concentrations.

PMID- 4020627
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of morphine and its surrogates VI: Bioanalysis, solvolysis
      kinetics, solubility, pK'a values, and protein binding of buprenorphine.
AB  - The 10-fold greater sensitivity of buprenorphine to fluorescence compared with
      morphine provides excellent detection for HPLC assay of buprenorphine in
      biological fluids with a 5-ng/mL sensitivity. Buprenorphine yields a
      stoichiometric final acid degradation product, a fluorescent-detectable,
      rearranged demethoxy analogue of buprenorphine, which serves as an excellent
      bioassay internal standard. Buprenorphine solvolysis is specific-acid and
      specific-base catalyzed. Alkaline hydrolysis produces no fluorescent products.
      Acid hydrolysis also produces a fluorescent-detectable, transient dehydro
      intermediate that is also completely transformed to the demethoxy analogue. The
      rate constants and Arrhenius parameters for these transformations have been
      determined. Estimated buprenorphine pK'a values are 8.24 and 10 for the ammonium
      and phenol groups, respectively. The intrinsic aqueous solubility of neutral
      buprenorphine is 12.7 +/- 1.2 micrograms/mL at 23 degrees C. The red blood cell
      plasma water partition coefficients of buprenorphine ranged between 6 and 15.
      Ultracentrifugation and the red blood cell partition methods led to an estimated
      95-98% plasma protein binding. Ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis methods
      were inappropriate because of the high membrane binding of neutral buprenorphine.

PMID- 4020628
TI  - Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors IV: Relationship between excised corneal
      permeability and pharmacokinetic factors.
AB  - Ethoxzolamide (1) and two analogues, representing a hydroxyethoxy and a hydrogen
      substitution on the 6-position of the benzene ring (2 and 3), were applied to
      rabbit eyes using a topical infusion method designed to provide a constant rate
      into aqueous humor. Statistical-moment theory was applied to the topical infusion
      data to describe disposition of each compound within the rabbit eye. For each
      analogue, it was possible to compare the corneal absorption rate constant (ka),
      aqueous humor elimination rate constant (k10), disposition mean residence time
      (MRTd), apparent steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss), and total ocular
      clearance (Qe). In vivo ocular ka values were related to maximum in vitro corneal
      penetration rates determined across excised rabbit corneas. In particular, 2 had
      a much longer residence time and a slower clearance than 1 and 3, which may be
      responsible for its ability to lower intraocular pressure when dosed topically to
      the rabbit eye, whereas 1 and 3 show no activity.

PMID- 4020629
TI  - Protein binding of propisomide.
AB  - This paper describes the protein binding of propisomide to human serum and
      isolated proteins using equilibrium dialysis. The drug is exclusively bound to
      alpha1-acid glycoprotein with high affinity. The binding is saturable even at low
      concentrations of the drug. Thus, the fraction unbound varied from 0.05 to 0.60
      with decreasing serum concentration. The major metabolite of the drug or other
      drugs with affinity for alpha1-acid glycoprotein can displace propisomide from
      its binding site only when present in serum at high levels. Two ultrafiltration
      techniques are compared to equilibrium dialysis for the determination of serum
      protein binding of propisomide. Ultrafiltration does not give reliable results.
      Equilibrium dialysis is retained as an accurate method for the determination of
      the fraction unbound of propisomide.

PMID- 4020630
TI  - Dissolution rate studies of compression-molded units made from hydroxypropyl
      cellulose films.
AB  - Hydroxypropyl cellulose films were prepared by compression molding of three
      different lots of hydroxypropyl cellulose powder at 149 degrees C, 188 degrees C,
      and 232 degrees C. Rectangular pieces were cut from these films and viscosity
      average molecular weight (Mv), degree of orientation, and rate of dissolution
      were measured. The viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) decreased with
      increasing processing temperature, while, as expected, the dissolution rate
      increased. Orientation in the thermoformed units was also evaluated. Correlation
      of these data with the Mv values suggests that orientation has some controlling
      influence on the dissolution rate. Because the samples possessing the least
      orientation were molded at the highest temperature, they also had the lowest Mv
      due to thermal degradation. Therefore, the effects of molecular weight were not
      fully separated from orientation effects with regard to control over the
      dissolution rate.

PMID- 4020631
TI  - Effects of dose, pH, and osmolarity on nasal absorption of secretin in rats.
AB  - The effects of dose, pH, and osmolarity on the nasal absorption of a secretin
      solution were studied in rats. The nasal absorption of secretin was determined by
      measuring the increased secretion of pancreatic juice, and this was compared with
      the same response on intravenous administration. The relative bioavailability of
      secretin on intranasal administration compared with intravenous administration,
      as estimated from the pharmacological response, was approximately one-tenth. It
      was enhanced in acid solution and reached a maximum in a 0.462 M sodium chloride
      solution.

PMID- 4020632
TI  - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of aromatic dihydroxylated spiro[indan
      1,3'-pyrrolidine] and spiro[indan-2,2'-pyrrolidine] derivatives.
AB  - Aromatic hydroxylated derivatives of the spiro[indan-1,3'-pyrrolidine] and
      spiro[indan-2,2'-pyrrolidine] ring systems have been synthesized and evaluated
      for dopaminergic agonist and antagonist activities. None of these
      conformationally restricted catecholamines possessed any dopaminergic activity,
      but 5,6-dihydroxy spiro[indan-1,3'-pyrrolidine] hydrobromide exhibited weak
      dopamine antagonist properties.

PMID- 4020633
TI  - Antifungal properties of 3-n-alkyn-1-ols and synergism with 2-n-alkyn-1-ols and
      ketoconazole.
AB  - Twelve 3-n-alkyn-1-ols (C4-C12, C14, C16, and C18) were tested against
      Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, and Myrothecium
      verrucaria in Sabouraud dextrose agar at pH 5.6 and 7.0. Toxicity to Candida
      albicans, Candida tropicalis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Mucor mucedo was
      determined in the same medium at pH 5.6 and 7.0 in the absence and presence of
      10% beef serum. Fungitoxicity was strongly influenced by chain length, slightly
      by pH of the medium, and significantly but not strongly by the presence of beef
      serum. 3-n-Decyn-1-ol, 3-n-undecyn-1-ol, and 3-n-dodecyn-1-ol were the most
      active members of the series. Synergism toward C. albicans and C. tropicalis was
      observed between 3-n-undecyn-1-ol and ketoconazole, and a mixture of 3-n-undecyn
      1-ol, 2-n-undecyn-1-ol, and ketoconazole in Sabouraud dextrose agar at pH 7.0 in
      the presence of 10% human serum.

PMID- 4020634
TI  - Determination of indeloxazine in plasma by liquid chromatography and gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Two methods have been developed for the quantitative determination of
      indeloxazine, a cerebral activator, in plasma by HPLC or GC-MS. After addition of
      viloxazine as the internal standard, indeloxazine was extracted from alkalinized
      plasma. In the HPLC method, the plasma extract was treated with 5-dimethylamino-1
      naphthalenesulfonyl chloride and analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. In
      the GC-MS method, the two plasma compounds were converted to their
      pentafluoropropionyl derivatives for selected-ion monitoring. The limits of
      detection were 5 and 2 ng/mL for the HPLC and GC-MS methods, respectively. When
      plasma samples obtained by giving indeloxazine hydrochloride to volunteers were
      analyzed by the two methods, good correlation between the data was obtained (r =
      0.9901).

PMID- 4020635
TI  - Fluorometric determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride by liquid
      chromatography in human plasma.
AB  - A sensitive method is described for the rapid determination of phenylephrine
      hydrochloride in human plasma. Phenylephrine was analyzed using high-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorecence detection at excitation and
      emission wavelengths of 270 and 305 nm, respectively. A retention time of
      approximately 4.25 min was observed on chromatograms. Drug was separated from
      interfering plasma components by the use of disposable solid-phase extraction
      columns. Linear standard curves were constructed from drug concentrations of 0.5
      5.0 and 2.5-80 ng/mL, for which an average recovery of 76-78% was obtained.
      Phenylephrine could be quantitatively measured at levels as low as 0.5 ng/mL. An
      assay precision (CV) of 23.6 and 15.9% was obtained at the lower sensitivities of
      0.5 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. An example of the method was given for analysis
      of human plasma levels of drug following topical application of two drops of 2.5%
      aqueous or 10% viscous opthalmic solution to the eyes of two subjects.

PMID- 4020636
TI  - Contribution of the lung to total body clearance of meperidine in the dog.
AB  - The potential role of the lung in the disposition of meperidine was examined in
      six conscious dogs instrumented for measurement of appropriate hemodynamic
      parameters. Following an intravenous bolus injection of 5 mg/kg, blood samples
      were collected simultaneously from cannulas placed in the left ventricle and the
      pulmonary artery, concurrent with the hemodynamic measurements. Pulmonary
      clearance, calculated from concentration differences between pulmonary arterial
      and left ventricular blood and pulmonary blood flow, averaged 12.1 +/- 3.70
      mL/min/kg, accounting for 58 +/- 13% of the total clearance of the drug. These
      results help resolve differences between previously reported meperidine clearance
      in the dog and physiological blood flows and imply that the dog may be a poor
      model for this drug in humans where clearance is primarily hepatic.

PMID- 4020637
TI  - Some properties of the USP content-uniformity test as related to control charts
      and validation of solid dosage forms.
AB  - The statistical properties of the USP content-uniformity test have been
      investigated in detail in other reports. This note shows that control charts for
      the mean potency of a solid dosage form which are constructed using typical
      individual content-uniformity assays in conjunction with composite assay(s), show
      tight limits when the product has a high probability of passing the content
      uniformity test. From a practical point of view, this is a strong argument in
      favor of the test and recommends the test as a quality control tool.

PMID- 4020638
TI  - Observations on the dissolution behavior of a tablet formulation: effect of
      compression forces.
AB  - Two test drugs, hydrochlorothiazide and phenylbutazone, were separately
      incorporated into a standard formulation to study their disintegration and
      dissolution properties as a function of compression force. The increase in
      dissolution with force was attributed to the manner in which tablets
      disintegrated while dissolving. At a fixed press setting, tablets from the same
      compression cycle showed variations in their dissolution which were in agreement
      with the observed effects of force on dissolution. A linear correlation between
      dissolution efficiency and the logarithm of force was found to exist over the
      compression range studied.

PMID- 4020639
TI  - Effect of vitamin K3 on the first-pass elimination of propranolol in the rat.
AB  - The effect of vitamin K3, which inhibits electron transfer from NADPH to
      cytochrome P-450 via cytochrome c reductase, on the metabolism of propranolol was
      studied in the rat in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro experiments using rat liver
      microsomes, the metabolism of propranolol was inhibited by vitamin K3. For in
      vivo experiments, the area under the blood concentration-time curve and the
      maximum concentration of propranolol were markedly increased following
      intraportal infusion of propranolol with vitamin K3, but intraportal
      administration of vitamin K3 had little effect on propranolol kinetics when
      propranolol was infused intravenously. Thus, it was concluded that vitamin K3
      inhibited the first-pass metabolism of propranolol.

PMID- 4020640
TI  - Graphical approach for determining whether absorption and elimination rate
      constants are equal in the one-compartment open model with first-order processes.
AB  - An equation was developed which enables blood level data to be utilized for
      determining whether or not the first-order absorption and elimination rate
      constants are equal in the one-compartment open model. This equation was tested
      using simulated data with excellent results.

PMID- 4020641
TI  - Hepatic elimination--dispersion model.

PMID- 4020642
TI  - Absorption potential: estimating the fraction absorbed for orally administered
      compounds.

PMID- 4020643
TI  - Radiolabeling of intact tablets by neutron activation for in vivo scintigraphic
      studies.

PMID- 4020644
TI  - Pharmacodynamics of the hypnotic effect of salicylamide in rats.
AB  - Salicylamide (SAM) can produce sedation and sleep in humans and animals. To
      explore the potential utility of the drug as a research tool for assessing
      disease effects on the response of the central nervous system to depressant
      drugs, and to obtain a better understanding of the clinically evident sedative
      action of SAM, studies were performed to characterize the relationship between
      the concentrations and hypnotic effect of this drug in rats. Female Lewis rats
      weighing 170-200 g received SAM by intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.49, 1.22,
      or 2.47 mg/min until the onset of loss of the righting reflex. This well-defined
      pharmacological endpoint occurred from 16.7 +/- 2.3 min (fastest infusion rate)
      to 110 +/- 27 min (slowest infusion rate) after the start of the infusion. SAM
      concentrations at that time in serum, serum water, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) were similar in animals that had received the 1.22- or 2.47-mg/min infusion
      and lower in animals that were infused at a rate of 0.49 mg/min. The slowest
      infusion rate group also exhibited increased serum protein binding of the drug.
      The SAM concentration ratio, CSF-serum water, was essentially unity in all three
      groups, indicative of rapid equilibration of the drug across the blood-CSF
      barrier. Gentisamide, the hydroxylated metabolite of SAM, was found in serum,
      CSF, and brain, but in low concentrations at which this metabolite alone had no
      hypnotic effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020645
TI  - Urinary protein binding, kinetics, and dynamics of furosemide in nephrotic
      patients.
AB  - The urinary protein binding, kinetics, and dynamics of furosemide were studied in
      five nephrotic patients after intravenous dosing. Serial plasma and urine samples
      containing furosemide were analyzed by HPLC, and drug binding to plasma and
      urinary proteins was determined using equilibrium dialysis techniques. In
      comparison to data reported previously in healthy subjects, the steady-state
      volumes of distribution and nonrenal plasma clearances were significantly
      increased in nephrotic patients, reflecting the reduced binding of furosemide to
      plasma proteins. Although there was no significant difference in renal clearance
      between these two groups, the unbound renal clearance of furosemide was
      significantly reduced in nephrotic patients even when compensated for by the
      number of functioning nephrons. Furosemide was extensively bound to urinary
      protein (19.6-78.4%), and the binding was dependent on the degree of proteinuria.
      Nevertheless, dose-response analyses, in which the response was represented by
      sodium excretion rate and the dose by urinary excretion rate of unbound drug,
      demonstrated that nephrotic patients were less responsive to equivalent amounts
      of unbound diuretic as compared to healthy subjects.

PMID- 4020646
TI  - Mechanism of nasal absorption of drugs I: Physicochemical parameters influencing
      the rate of in situ nasal absorption of drugs in rats.
AB  - The effect of rate of perfusion, volume, pH of the perfusate, and partition
      coefficient of the drug on the rate of in situ nasal absorption in rats was
      examined. The studies showed that the rate constant for the nasal absorption of
      phenobarbital was independent of the rate of perfusion above a value of 2 mL/min.
      The nasal absorption of benzoic acid was found to depend on the pH of the
      perfusate with the benzoate anion being absorbed at a rate one-fourth of that of
      benzoic acid. The effect of lipid solubility on the extent of nasal absorption
      was studied using a series of barbiturates. The rate and extent of absorption was
      found to be dependent on the chloroform-water partition coefficient of the
      barbiturate. The effect of the volume of the perfusate on the absorption rate
      constant of phenobarbital, phenol red, tyrosine, and propranolol was studied. The
      data obtained showed that a linear relationship existed between the rate
      constants of absorption and the reciprocal of the volume of the perfusate. Using
      this in situ relationship it was possible to predict in vivo absorption rate
      constants for propranolol and L-tyrosine when volumes of 0.1 mL were
      administered. The calculated values for these compounds were found to be close to
      those determined in in vivo experiments. This indicates that the in situ
      technique can be used to predict in vivo absorption rate constants.

PMID- 4020647
TI  - Direct membrane method for the study of interface-controlled transport of
      cholesterol in aqueous media.
AB  - Studies were designed to demonstrate the use of a silicone rubber membrane
      diffusion cell in the mechanistic study of cholesterol mass transfer in aqueous
      media. The method is shown to be simple, precise, and well suited for delineating
      conditions which facilitate cholesterol transport. Traditional membrane diffusion
      resistance was determined with cholesterol solubilized in the nonionic
      surfactant, polyoxyethylene(10)-nonylphenol ether. The use of a charged
      surfactant additive, either sodium oleate or benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium
      chloride, reduced cholesterol membrane flux in a manner consistent with a
      transport barrier residing in the membrane and micelle interfacial regions.
      Quantitative determination of total transport resistance was good (CV of greater
      than 95%) for cases more than 99% interface controlled. Interfacial resistance
      imparted by the charged surfactant additive was essentially abolished by strong
      electrolyte (sodium chloride). Electrolyte was utilized in either the upstream or
      the downstream aqueous compartment to enhance cholesterol transport by a
      mechanism which is consistent with a marked increase in the frequency of micelle
      collision with the corresponding membrane surface. When the downstream
      interfacial component of total transport resistance was "short circuited" by
      electrolyte in sequential transport runs using the same membrane, a "dumping" of
      cholesterol by the membrane compartment was observed. Limited studies with a
      second nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene(15)-tridecyl ether, suggest that the
      structure of separate micelle components may also be related to cholesterol mass
      transfer which occurs via a micelle collision in the interfacial region.

PMID- 4020648
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the interfacial barrier to membrane transport of
      cholesterol solubilized in a charged micellar system.
AB  - The transport of cholesterol solubilized in polyoxyethylene(10)-nonylphenol ether
      with benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride additive (4:1, w/w) was studied in
      a diffusion cell separated by a silicone rubber membrane. Overall kinetics
      revealed the presence of an interfacial barrier. Additions of NaCl or Na2SO4
      abolished the barrier to the extent that total cholesterol flux was essentially
      limited by membrane diffusion considerations. The results are consistent with the
      concept of micelles diffusing in an electrical field followed by a collision
      complex transfer of cholesterol in the aqueous-membrane interfacial region. The
      electrostatic force of repulsion arises from the overlap of diffuse electrical
      double layers emanating from the charged mixed micelle and the cationic
      surfactant adsorbed on the membrane. The influence of surfactant concentration on
      cholesterol transport kinetics was consistent with electrostatic phenomena. The
      derived physical model focused on interfacial electrical properties in the donor
      chamber by maintaining a high concentration (greater than or equal to 0.1 M) of
      strong electrolyte in the receiver. A linear regression of the logarithm of
      theoretical transport resistance, total resistance less membrane and receiver
      boundary layer resistances, versus (ionic strength)1/2 in the donor resulted in a
      reasonable estimate of the total surface potential of the micelle and membrane
      surfaces as well as the net dispersion attraction constant.

PMID- 4020649
TI  - Evaluation of lincomycin as a cholesterol gallstone dissolution rate accelerator.
AB  - These studies were undertaken to test the hypothesis that interfacial resistance
      may be an important rate-limiting factor in cholesterol gallstone dissolution.
      The addition of lincomycin hydrochloride to the gallbladder bile of dogs in an in
      vitro bath system resulted in an acceleration in the rate of dissolution of a
      compressed cholesterol monohydrate pellet incubating in the bile. However, the
      constant infusion of lincomycin for 13 d directly into the gallbladders of
      conscious, unrestrained dogs, which resulted in biliary lincomycin concentrations
      comparable to that of the in vitro tests, did not alter the dissolution rate of a
      compressed cholesterol monohydrate pellet which had been surgically placed into
      the gallbladder. We therefore conclude that the interfacial resistance between
      the cholesterol monohydrate pellet and the bile may be reduced by the addition of
      lincomycin to the gallbladder bile which, in the in vitro environment, results in
      an acceleration in the rate of dissolution of compressed cholesterol pellets.
      However, the ineffectiveness of lincomycin in accelerating the dissolution of
      cholesterol pellets in vivo suggests that interfacial resistance is not the only
      rate-limiting factor in gallstone dissolution. Other factors, such as mixing, may
      also be critical.

PMID- 4020650
TI  - Prediction of solubility in nonideal multicomponent systems using the UNIFAC
      group contribution model.
AB  - There is a need to identify suitable blends of solvents to dissolve drugs.
      Empirical approaches, such as trial-and-error and response surface, require
      several solubility measurements. In this study the UNIFAC method was used to
      predict solubility in highly nonideal multicomponent systems in which only the
      solute enthalpy of fusion and melting point must by measured. UNIFAC combines a
      group contribution approach with the UNIQUAC model for activity coefficients.
      Parameters characterizing interactions among constituent groups of a molecule
      have been previously determined from binary vapor pressure data. These tabulated
      group parameters are used to predict activity coefficients for newly synthesized
      compounds. These coefficients, together with the ideal solubility, permit a
      prediction of solubility. The solubility of 4-hexylresorcinol in ethyl acetate,
      ethyl myristate, and hexane mixtures was both measured and calculated using
      UNIFAC. The predicted solubilities were within 10% of the experimental
      solubilities for all but 3 of 21 mixtures. Since the method accounted for
      positive and negative deviations from ideality in a hydrogen-bonding system of
      molecules having different sizes, it shows great potential for use in pharmacy.

PMID- 4020651
TI  - Preparation and evaluation of microencapsulated and coated ion-exchange resin
      beads containing theophylline.
AB  - Anion-exchange resin beads in the theophylline form were prepared and coated with
      paraffin or encapsulated with ethylcellulose by various methods; one of these
      products was subsequently coated with paraffin in order to achieve a wide range
      of release rates and patterns of release. The various products were subjected to
      rate studies, and it was found that the patterns of release and the rates could
      be controlled by the cross-linking of the resin and the coating procedures used.
      A medium and almost constant rate of release was obtained by using ethylcellulose
      microencapsulation, a coating of hard paraffin, or a combination of both. The
      amount of coating and the total amount of drug released was also determined.

PMID- 4020652
TI  - Effect of molecular structure variation on the disintegrant action of sodium
      starch glycolate.
AB  - The effect of variation in the degree of cross-linkage and extent of
      carboxymethylation on the disintegration and dissolution properties of sodium
      starch glycolate has been examined. Samples of sodium starch glycolate were
      evaluated for particle size distributions and bulk and tapped densities. The bulk
      powders were also tested for sedimentation volumes, water uptake, and bulk
      swelling. Direct compression formulations containing aspirin and
      hydrochlorothiazide and varying concentrations of the modified starches were
      tableted on a rotary tablet press and evaluated for weight variation, hardness,
      disintegration, and dissolution. The results indicate that relatively small
      changes in molecular structure can cause substantial modification of disintegrant
      properties and suggest that the specifications for one commercially available
      sodium starch glycolate are within optimal specifications for both cross-linkage
      and degree of substitution.

PMID- 4020653
TI  - Simplex optimization of the blue tetrazolium assay procedure for alpha-ketol
      steroids.
AB  - Two independent, simplex procedures were employed to optimize the official blue
      tetrazolium reaction. The net absorbance for a fixed amount of hydrocortisone was
      maximized by the simultaneous variation of five factors of the pharmacopeial
      method, i.e.: concentrations of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, blue tetrazolium,
      and water, as well as temperature and time for color development. An initial
      simplex was used to determine an optimum response, while a second was performed
      to minimize the blank absorbance obtained at the optimum. A series of
      pharmaceutically important steroids: prednisone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone
      acetate, and cortisone acetate were also analyzed by the optimized method. The
      results indicated improvements in sensitivity ranging from 9.27 to 22.95% for the
      corticosteroids studied. The optimized method also decreased the assay time in
      relation to the official procedure by one-sixth.

PMID- 4020654
TI  - Infrared study of the interaction between caffeine and hydroxylic derivatives.
AB  - The interaction between caffeine and hydroxylic derivatives (phenols, water) has
      been studied by infrared (IR) spectroscopy in 1,2-dichloroethane. The formation
      constants, enthalpies, and entropies of complex formation have been determined.
      The IR spectra in the vOH and vc=o ranges indicate that hydrogen bond formation
      occurs at the carbonyl functions, approximately 70% of the complexes being formed
      at the O6 atom. These results are compared with 1,3-dimethyluracil complexes and
      discussed as a function of the ionization potential of the two oxygen atoms. In
      the solid hydrate, the spectroscopic results show that the interaction of water
      takes place on the N9 atom of the imidazole ring in agreement with earlier X-ray
      results. The different interaction sites in solution and in the solid state are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 4020655
TI  - Liquid chromatographic procedure for the quantitative analysis of megestrol
      acetate in human plasma.
AB  - A simple, sensitive, and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic
      (HPLC) procedure was developed for the quantitative analysis of megestrol acetate
      in human plasma. An internal standard, 2,3-diphenyl-1-indenone, was added to 0.5
      mL of plasma followed by extraction with hexane. The residue remaining after
      evaporation of hexane was reconstituted in methanol and injected onto a mu
      Bondapak C18 column. The column was eluted with
      acetonitrile:methanol:water:acetic acid (41:23:36:1), and the eluant was
      monitored at 280 nm. Megestrol acetate and the internal standard eluted at 6-7
      and 12-14 min, respectively. The peak height ratio (megestrol acetate/internal
      standard) versus plasma concentration was linear over a range of 10-600 ng of
      megestrol acetate/mL of plasma, and the limit of detection was 5 ng/mL. The mean
      intra- and interassay accuracies were within 3% of the actual values. The mean
      intra- and interassay precision, as estimated by RSD, were 4 and 6%,
      respectively. Constituents in human plasma and megestrol, a possible degradation
      product, did not interfere in the assay. The procedure was applied to the
      analysis of plasma samples from subjects receiving 40 mg of Megace q.i.d.

PMID- 4020656
TI  - Two methods for monitoring the photodecomposition of sodium nitroprusside in
      aqueous and glucose solutions.
AB  - The photodecomposition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in aqueous and 5% glucose
      solutions results in the accumulation of cyanide and ferricyanide ions. Methods
      for the determination of these ions in such solutions have been devised. The
      continuous-flow method for cyanide involved the generation of cyanogen chloride,
      ClCN, by oxidation with chloramine T and subsequent reaction of the ClCN with
      barbituric acid and pyridine to produce a chromophore measurable by
      spectrophotometry at 580 nm. This cyanide method had a detection limit and
      sensitivity of 10-12 mumol/L and 1.40 X 10(-3) absorbance units (AU)/mumol/L,
      respectively, with a working concentration range of 0-800 mumol/L. This method
      employed mild reaction conditions, pH = 4.1, which rendered it suitable for use
      in time-course studies of cyanide production from SNP solutions exposed to 366 nm
      UV light. A simple method for the determination of ferricyanide in SNP solutions
      was developed which involved the addition of a 1% FeSO4 X 7 H2O in 1% H2SO4
      reagent to the SNP solutions under test followed by spectrophotometry at 750 nm.
      The detection limit and sensitivity of the method were 2-3 mumol/L and 4.05 X 10(
      3) AU/mumol/L, respectively, with a working concentration range of 0-100 mumol/L.
      This method was considered suitable for use as a quality control test of SNP
      solutions close to the site of their clinical use.

PMID- 4020657
TI  - Effect of fatty acids and alcohols on the penetration of acyclovir across human
      skin in vitro.
AB  - The cutaneous penetration of acyclovir can be significantly increased from a
      propylene glycol base vehicle by adding small amounts of a polar lipid such as
      oleic acid. These results are consistent with those found for salicylic acid, and
      the large increases in acyclovir penetration could potentially lead to better
      topical treatment of herpes simplex.

PMID- 4020658
TI  - Binding of dapsone and its analogues to human serum albumin.
AB  - The binding of dapsone, 4,4'-sulfonylbis(aniline)(1), and its diacetylated
      derivative, 4,4"'-sulfonylbis(acetanilide)(2), to human serum albumin is
      reported. To assess the ability of these compounds to displace 4'-[(4
      aminophenyl)sulfonyl]acetanilide (3) from albumin, a dialysis rate technique was
      used. Competition for the bilirubin binding site on albumin was measured with the
      peroxidase assay. Compounds 1 and 2 strongly displaced both 3 and bilirubin from
      human serum albumin. The association constants for 1 and 2 with respect to
      bilirubin binding were 1.29 X 10(3) and 1.15 X 10(4) M-1, respectively. These
      results suggest that the binding site for 3 and the bilirubin binding site are
      similar with respect to 1 and 2 and that the binding of dapsone and its
      derivatives probably does not involve the amino function.

PMID- 4020659
TI  - Comparison of equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration, and gel permeation
      chromatography for the determination of free fractions of phenobarbital and
      phenytoin.
AB  - In this study, three techniques for measuring the free fractions of phenobarbital
      and phenytoin were compared: equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration, and the
      Hummel and Dreyer method for gel permeation chromatography. In their therapeutic
      range (15-40 and 10-20 mg/L, respectively) the free fractions of phenobarbital
      and phenytoin were independent of the drug concentrations. Free fractions of
      phenobarbital as determined by equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration, and gel
      permeation chromatography were 58.7 +/- 1.8, 58.3 +/- 1.5, and 55.1 +/- 1.7%,
      respectively. Free fractions of phenytoin were 18.1 +/- 1.1, 17.0 +/- 2.1, and
      19.4 +/- 1.2%, respectively. On lowering the albumin concentration, a similar
      increase in the free fractions of both drugs was observed with all three
      techniques. The results of this study show that all three techniques are suitable
      for the determination of free fractions of phenobarbital and phenytoin. Moreover,
      these techniques seem to be suitable for the investigation of physiological
      factors that may influence albumin drug binding.

PMID- 4020660
TI  - Determination of propylene carbonate in pharmaceutical formulations using liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic
      method using a refractive index detector is described for the determination of
      propylene carbonate in pharmaceutical formulations. Good precision and accuracy
      of the method was demonstrated using an aqueous formulation. This method is also
      applicable to an anhydrous formulation.

PMID- 4020661
TI  - Effect of lubricant level and applied compressional pressure on surface friction
      of tablets.
AB  - A method for measuring friction coefficients of compacted surfaces (tablet
      surfaces) is described. Frictional coefficient measurements were carried out at
      various tableting compression forces. The effect of magnesium stearate
      concentration was found to be a log-linear approach to an asymptote (which would
      represent a minimum frictional coefficient).

PMID- 4020662
TI  - Comments on "The ulcerogenic potential of copper aspirinate seems to be more
      imaginary than real".

PMID- 4020663
TI  - Swanson great toe flexible hinge endoprosthesis. Design, flexibility, and
      function.

PMID- 4020664
TI  - The first cuneometatarsal joint exostosis. Clinical and etiological
      considerations.

PMID- 4020665
TI  - Bilateral congenital calcaneocuboid synostosis and subtalar joint coalition.

PMID- 4020666
TI  - A retrospective analysis of heel pain.

PMID- 4020667
TI  - Verrucous carcinoma pedis (epithelioma cuniculatum).

PMID- 4020668
TI  - Superficial spreading melanoma in blacks. A case report.

PMID- 4020669
TI  - Adult clubfoot. A case report.

PMID- 4020670
TI  - Pseudorheumatoid nodule versus granuloma annulare. A case report.

PMID- 4020671
TI  - Fatigue stress fracture of the tarsal navicular. A case report.

PMID- 4020672
TI  - Reactive arthritis with Yersinia enterocolitica. A case report.

PMID- 4020673
TI  - Talonavicular coalitions. A review and case report.

PMID- 4020674
TI  - Effects of picenadol (LY150720) and its stereoisomers on electric shock titration
      in the squirrel monkey.
AB  - The mixed-action opioid picenadol (LY150720) is a racemic mixture whose
      resolution results in a stereoselective separation of agonist and antagonist
      activity. The effects of picenadol, its dextrorotatory isomer (LY136596) and
      morphine were studied alone and in combination with naloxone in squirrel monkeys
      responding under a schedule of electric shock titration. Shock intensity was
      scheduled to increase at 15-sec intervals in 30 steps from 0 to 5.5 mA.
      Completion of a fixed ratio 5-response requirement terminated the shock for a 15
      sec time-out period after which shock resumed at the next lower intensity.
      Picenadol (0.1-17.5 mg/kg), the d-isomer (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) and morphine (0.3-5.6
      mg/kg) produced dose-related increases in the intensity at which monkeys
      maintained the shock without decreasing responding in the presence of shock.
      Shock intensity increases produced by picenadol occurred over a broader dose
      range than with either the d-isomer or morphine. Increases in shock intensity
      produced by picenadol, the d-isomer and morphine were blocked by naloxone (0.001
      1.0 mg/kg), although the effects of picenadol were less susceptible to
      antagonism. The effects of the levorotatory isomer of picenadol (LY136595) were
      also examined alone and in combination with morphine. The l-isomer (0.1-10.0
      mg/kg) did not alter shock intensity when administered alone; however, in
      combination with morphine it produced a dose-dependent antagonism of the effects
      of morphine. The l-isomer was less potent than naloxone in this respect. These
      data support previous suggestions that the antinociceptive properties of
      picenadol arise from mu agonist actions of the dextrorotatory isomer and that the
      levorotatory isomer acts to limit the efficacy of the racemate.

PMID- 4020675
TI  - Probenecid impairment of acetaminophen and lorazepam clearance: direct inhibition
      of ether glucuronide formation.
AB  - Eleven subjects received acetaminophen (650 mg i.v.) on two occasions in random
      sequence, with and without concurrent administration of probenecid (500 mg) every
      6 hr. Nine subjects similarly received lorazepam (2 mg. i.v.) with and without
      concurrent probenecid. Acetaminophen half-life was prolonged during probenecid
      treatment (mean +/- S.E., 4.30 +/- 0.23 vs. 2.51 +/- 0.16 hr; P less than .001)
      due to markedly decreased clearance (178 +/- 13 vs. 329 +/- 24 ml/min; P less
      than .001) with no change in volume of distribution (65 +/- 4 vs. 69 +/- 3 l;
      NS). Urinary excretion of acetaminophen glucuronide during 24 hr was decreased
      (84 +/- 9 vs. 260 +/- 21 mg of acetaminophen as glucuronide; P less than .001)
      and acetaminophen sulfate excretion was increased (323 +/- 25 vs. 217 +/- 17 mg
      of acetaminophen as sulfate; P less than .005) during concurrent probenecid
      treatment. However, the sum of the two conjugated metabolites was not
      significantly different (407 +/- 28 vs. 476 +/- 20 mg of acetaminophen as
      glucuronide plus sulfate excreted per 24 hr; NS). Lorazepam half-life was also
      prolonged during probenecid treatment (33.0 +/- 3.9 vs. 14.3 +/- 1.08 hr; P less
      than .001) due to decreased clearance (44.7 +/- 5.4 vs. 80.3 +/- 13.2 ml/min; P
      less than .001) with no change in volume of distribution (111 +/- 5 vs. 111 +/- 7
      l; NS). Formation of the ether glucuronides of acetaminophen and lorazepam is
      impaired markedly by therapeutic doses of probenecid. Sulfate conjugation is not
      affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020676
TI  - Mechanism of renal lead-binding protein reversal of delta-aminolevulinic acid
      dehydratase inhibition by lead.
AB  - The bioavailability of lead in kidney is mediated in part by binding to
      endogenous high-affinity cytosolic lead-binding proteins (PbBP), which are not
      detectable in liver. Addition of semipurified 11,500 dalton PbBP to liver delta
      aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) reaction mixtures reverses inhibition of
      this enzyme by lead and thus provides an explanation for the relative
      insensitivity of renal ALAD to lead inhibition in vivo and in vitro. This effect
      results in part from a marked increase in binding of 203Pb to the PbBP relative
      to control liver cytosol (no PbBP) as demonstrated by Sephadex G-150 gel
      filtration chromatography. Zinc is known to activate ALAD and is an endogenous
      component of the PbBP fraction (6 microM in reaction mixtures). Zinc activated
      hepatic and renal ALAD over a range of 1.5 to 50 microM and also reversed the
      IC50 lead-inhibited activity. Studies of zinc release and/or displacement from
      PbBP under ALAD assay conditions (37 degrees C, + glutathione, pH 6.8) were
      conducted utilizing Sephadex G-25 chromatography. Fifteen to twenty-five percent
      of the zinc in the PbBP fraction was released, and this value was not markedly
      influenced by addition of IC50 lead, temperature (4 degrees C) or absence of
      glutathione; however, zinc release was primarily dependent upon the pH of the
      reaction mixture. These data indicate that the PbBP fraction attenuates lead
      inhibition of ALAD in vitro both by chelating lead and apparently serving as a
      zinc donor for this enzyme under optimal conditions of the ALAD assay.

PMID- 4020677
TI  - Opioid effects on lidocaine disposition and toxicity in mice.
AB  - Morphine sulfate, 20 mg/kg, or equivalent doses of the opioids, meperidine and
      fentanyl, elevated plasma levels of lidocaine after i.v. administration of this
      antiarrhythmic drug. Plasma levels of the lidocaine metabolites,
      monoethylglycinexylidine and glycinexylidine, were reduced by opioids as
      lidocaine levels were elevated. The opioid antagonist, naloxone, 1 mg/kg,
      reversed the effects of morphine, 20 mg/kg, on lidocaine. After morphine, plasma
      levels of both lidocaine and indocyanine green were elevated, suggesting that the
      effect of morphine on lidocaine disposition was related to reduced hepatic blood
      flow. Morphine and meperidine increased lethality of i.v. lidocaine, as shown by
      marked reduction of LD50 by either opioid.

PMID- 4020678
TI  - Augmentation of antibiotic nephrotoxicity by endotoxemia in the rabbit.
AB  - The acute renal failure complicating bacterial septicemia has multiple potential
      causes, prominent among which are endotoxemic and antibiotic nephrotoxic injury.
      Because the toxic interactions of endotoxin and antibiotics cannot be manipulated
      for study in human disease, we have developed a model of this interaction in the
      rabbit. Toxicity was assessed by quantification of tubular necrosis and serum
      creatinine concentrations 48 hr after single-dose i.v. endotoxin and/or
      antibiotic administration. A minimally nephrotoxic quantity of endotoxin
      (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide 0111:B4, 0.5 mg/kg b.w.) significantly
      increased the nephrotoxicity of the cephalosporins cephaloglycin (60 mg/kg) and
      cephaloridine (90 mg/kg) and the aminoglycoside neomycin (60 mg/kg), each of
      which was mildly-to-minimally damaging by itself. In studies of the acute
      functional effects of endotoxemia, the lipopolysaccharide had different effects
      on the renal handling of the two cephalosporins. Endotoxin increased the uptake
      of cephaloglycin, but decreased uptake of cephaloridine, in renal cortex in the
      first 0.5 hr after antibiotic administration. However, a prolonged elevation of
      serum levels of cephaloridine allowed later uptake of toxic amounts of this
      cephalosporin. Although these findings suggest a role of altered transport in the
      endotoxin-cephalosporin toxic synergy, the synergy was not reduced when
      cephaloglycin was given 1.5 hr before the endotoxin, a time which allows
      substantial elimination of antibiotic before the endotoxemic insult. Studies in
      another laboratory have demonstrated an endotoxin-induced increase of cortical
      concentrations of aminoglycosides, which could be a mechanism of the augmented
      toxicity seen in the present study. It is concluded that endotoxemia causes
      significant augmentation of the nephrotoxicity of cephalosporin and
      aminoglycoside antibiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020679
TI  - Dose-dependent sulfoconjugation of salicylamide in dogs: effect of sulfate
      depletion or administration.
AB  - The effects of plasma inorganic sulfate concentrations on the dose-dependent
      kinetics of salicylamide (SAM) were examined in the dog. Decreasing plasma
      sulfate concentrations from 0.9 mM to less than 0.3 mM significantly decreased
      clearance of a small dose of SAM (5 mg/kg) to the sulfate conjugate. Infusing
      sodium sulfate to prevent the decrease in plasma inorganic sulfate concentration
      that follows a p.o. 20-mg/kg dose of SAM did not increase SAM elimination.
      However, sodium sulfate given p.o. decreased SAM bioavailability, which suggests
      a local effect of sulfate on intestinal first-pass metabolism of SAM. These data
      show some dependence of SAM metabolism on plasma inorganic sulfate
      concentrations, but only when they are markedly reduced.

PMID- 4020680
TI  - Reduced hepatic clearance of propranolol induced by chronic carbon tetrachloride
      treatment in rats.
AB  - Effect of liver injury induced by chronic treatment with carbon tetrachloride for
      1 to 4 months on hepatic clearance of propranolol was investigated in male Wistar
      rats. Plasma propranolol level after i.v. and p.o. dosing (1.0 mg/kg) was always
      higher in the rats which were treated for 2 and 4 months than in control (sham
      injected) rats. The chronic treatment reduced hepatic clearance of propranolol
      significantly, yielding only approximately 30 to 50% of the control clearance
      value. Distribution volume of this drug was also significantly reduced by the
      chronic treatment but seemed to be less sensitive to the treatment than the
      hepatic clearance. Accordingly, the elimination rate constant was decreased
      slightly in the rats treated longer than 2 months. The chronic treatment for 2
      and 4 months also reduced intrinsic hepatic clearance substantially. The hepatic
      clearance estimated for both these control and chronically treated rats was
      significantly dependent on the liver blood flow. Furthermore, propranolol was
      eliminated much more slowly in the injured liver of the rat which was treated for
      2 or 4 months than in the control liver when perfused in in vitro technique. It
      is, therefore, suggested that the metabolic dysfunction induced by chronic
      treatment with carbon tetrachloride may be directly related to substantial
      changes in anatomical arrangement of the hepatic circulation (portasystemic
      shunting), which may be due to a fibrosis of the tissue.

PMID- 4020681
TI  - Pharmacological properties of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
      (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist in arterial strips from rats and rabbits.
AB  - Effects of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin
      antagonist on vascular smooth muscle contraction were determined with helically
      cut arterial strips from rats and rabbits, since adrenergic innervation is quite
      different between the two species. The pD2 value of W-7-induced relaxation was
      significantly larger in rat aorta than in rabbit aorta. Treatment of the rabbit
      aorta with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha adrenoceptor antagonist, augmented the W-7
      induced relaxation, whereas in rat aorta there was no such augmentation. Media
      intimal strips of rabbit aorta showed a larger pD2 value of W-7 as compared to
      the value seen with whole aorta. The pD2 values of W-7 obtained in
      phenoxybenzamine-treated and media-intimal strips of rabbit aorta were in good
      agreement with the value obtained in rat aorta. Aortic strip contraction induced
      by W-7, which has been demonstrated as a calmodulin-independent effect of this
      compound, was significantly smaller in rats than in rabbits, suggesting that the
      relaxation of rabbit aorta induced by W-7 was inhibited by its own contractile
      effect. W-7 exhibited a typical noncompetitive antagonism against both
      norepinephrine- and Ca++- (K+-depolarized muscle) induced contractions, and the
      potency of antagonism was similar between the two agonists. W-7 did not affect 5
      min 45Ca incubation value of the K+-stimulated increase in cellular Ca++ content
      in rabbit aorta, while trifluoperazine, another calmodulin antagonist, and D-600,
      a calcium antagonist, reduced this value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020682
TI  - Practolol and its metabolites: tissue localization and retention in the hamster.
AB  - The disposition of [14C]practolol and its tissue association in the male Syrian
      hamster were investigated after p.o. administration. After an acute dose of 400
      mg/kg, there was a marked persistence in the eye of total radioactivity
      (primarily practolol; approximate T 1/2 = 7 days) and nonextractable
      radioactivity which showed minimal decay over 7 days. Nonextractable
      radioactivity was also found in other tissues (liver, skin, small intestine and
      skeletal muscle examined). The level of total and nonextractable radioactivity
      was linearly related to dose (800 mg/kg highest dose examined). There was a
      marked accumulation of total and nonextractable radioactivity in the eye (7- and
      14-fold, respectively) and skin (6- and 7-fold) after daily administration of 400
      mg/kg for 22 days. The association of practolol metabolites with tissue
      macromolecules might explain the immunological changes in patients with the
      practolol-induced oculomucocutaneous syndrome. The adverse effects of practolol
      in humans have not yet been reproduced in any laboratory species and so the
      results must be interpreted with caution in relation to the toxicity of compound.

PMID- 4020683
TI  - Effects of buthionine sulfoximine on the nephrotoxicity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3
      (trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU).
AB  - Administration of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1 1-nitrosourea
      (MeCCNU; 50-500 mg/kg) to male F344 rats caused a time- and dose-related decrease
      of glutathione (GSH) preferentially in the liver, but not in the kidney. A 500
      mg/kg dose of MeCCNU decreased liver, lung and kidney GSH by 69, 15 and 3%,
      respectively, 2 hr after dosing. However, MeCCNU had no effect on the ratio of
      GSH/oxidized GSH or on GSH reductase activity in any tissue tested. A single i.p.
      dose of DL-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, caused
      tissue GSH levels to decrease at a rate which reflected the biological half-life
      of GSH in the respective organs. The T 1/2 for GSH in kidney, liver and lung was
      found to be 1.5, 5 and 9 hr, respectively. MeCCNU administered s.c. to DL
      buthionine-SR-sulfoximine-pretreated rats resulted in a depletion of hepatic and
      renal GSH concentrations which was additive to the effects of either of these
      treatments alone. DL-Buthionine-SR-sulfoximine also markedly increased the
      nephrotoxicity of MeCCNU and resulted in a hepatotoxicity not ordinarily seen
      when MeCCNU was administered alone. These results suggest that a reactive
      electrophilic intermediate may be involved in the mechanism of MeCCNU
      nephrotoxicity. Moreover, that renal GSH may play a protective role against
      MeCCNU-induced nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4020684
TI  - Suppression of renal nerve activity by methionine enkephalin in anesthetized
      rabbits.
AB  - Endogenous opioid peptides such as Met-enkephalin have diverse physiological
      actions, which include hypotension and bradycardia in anesthetized animals. The
      exact sites, the mechanism and the physiological significance of the
      cardiodepressant effects are not known. The main purpose of this work was to
      correlate the effect of Met-enkephalin on the rate of sympathetic nerve discharge
      with its cardiodepressant actions. Anesthetized male rabbits (2-3 kg) were
      instrumented for the measurement of blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram
      and multiunit renal nerve activity (RNA). Intravenous administration of
      norepinephrine (15 micrograms/kg) or phenylephrine (50 micrograms/kg) produced a
      rapid increase in blood pressure followed by a reduction of RNA and heart rate.
      Met-enkephalin administered via the same route in doses of 1, 10, 100 and 1000
      micrograms/kg initially decreased the RNA and subsequently reduced blood
      pressure. The above effects of Met-enkephalin were antagonized by naloxone (1
      mg/kg i.v.) given 10 min before the peptide. Naloxone methobromide (1.3 mg/kg
      i.v.), a quaternary derivative of naloxone, did not block the effects of Met
      enkephalin under identical conditions. These results suggest that the hypotensive
      effect of Met-enkephalin is secondary to its effects on sympathetic outflow. Lack
      of naloxone methobromide action is due to its inability to cross the blood-brain
      barrier and is consistent with a centrally mediated action of Met-enkephalin.

PMID- 4020685
TI  - Changes in capillary distribution in rat fast muscles following nerve crush and
      reinnervation.
AB  - The recovery of muscle weight and contraction tension was measured in rat
      anterior tibialis muscle following unilateral crushing of the lateral popliteal
      nerve. Muscle twitch and tetanic tensions and muscle weight had recovered to
      control values within 6-8 weeks after the nerve was crushed. Capillary supply to
      each of the four types of muscle fibre present in the intact muscle, and within
      the groups of adjacent fibres of similar histochemical reaction for succinate
      dehydrogenase and myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase found in the reinnervated
      muscle, was computed by the method of Gray & Renkin (1978). Capillary area
      density (capillaries/mm2) within the grouped regions of the reinnervated muscle
      was not significantly different from the supply to the same fibre type in intact
      contralateral muscles. Capillary/fibre ratio for the more glycolytic fibre types
      (alpha W, alpha?) was lower than in intact muscle, while the values for both
      alpha R and beta R oxidative fibres agreed closely with control values. It seems
      that selective growth and loss of capillaries occurs during reinnervation,
      adjusting capillary supply to meet the changed metabolic demands of the
      individual fibres following regrouping.

PMID- 4020686
TI  - The respiratory activity of human levator costae muscles and its modification by
      posture.
AB  - The activation of the levator costae, a set of axial muscles inserted between
      each rib and the vertebra immediately rostral, has been studied
      electromyographically in a human subject, standing upright, with head erect
      ('neutral' posture). Caudal levator costae muscles (T9, and T10) are active
      during eupnoea. Periodic activity in phase with inspiration occurs in admixture
      with different levels of tonic activity that is strongly influenced by posture.
      Postural changes and various voluntary respiratory manoeuvres which should
      lengthen or shorten the levator costae muscles increase and decrease,
      respectively, their activity in the 'neutral' posture. The tonic activity was
      most readily enhanced by contralateral flexion of the spine, and this could bring
      to threshold phasic activity not otherwise present. Conversely, ipsilateral
      flexion could abolish both phasic and tonic components. Active expiratory efforts
      and static voluntary relaxation of the respiratory muscles could diminish or
      abolish levator costae activity. Paradoxically, chest-directed inspiratory
      efforts maintained at elevated lung volume with open glottis could also diminish
      or abolish levator costae activity. We attribute this to shortening of the
      levator costae muscles and unloading of their muscle spindles by the elevation of
      the ribs due to the action of the external intercostal and parasternal muscles.
      The results are discussed in relation to the mechanical coupling between the
      diaphragm and the lower rib cage; emphasis is given to the possible independent
      motions of the lower two or three ribs and the abductor action of their
      corresponding levator costae muscles, based on anatomico-physiological
      considerations.

PMID- 4020687
TI  - Influence of human muscle length on fatigue.
AB  - The effect of muscle length on susceptibility to fatigue has been examined in
      human ankle dorsiflexor muscles. The fatiguing procedure consisted of either
      indirect tetanic stimulation at 20 Hz or maximal voluntary contraction; each
      procedure lasted 90 s. The amplitude of the evoked muscle compound action
      potential (M-wave) increased during the first 30 s or so of the tetanic fatiguing
      procedure and then decreased. The torque developed by the dorsiflexor muscles
      declined throughout the period of tetanization. A significantly greater reduction
      in twitch and tetanic torque was found after the fatiguing procedure had been
      conducted at the optimum muscle length rather than with the muscle in a shortened
      position. Relaxation after tetanic stimulation was slower after fatigue had been
      induced at the optimum muscle length. It is concluded that muscle fatigue is
      related to the number of actin-myosin cross-bridge interactions and is unlikely
      to be accounted for solely on the basis of changes in the ionic composition of
      the transverse tubular fluid.

PMID- 4020688
TI  - The transport of sugars across the perfused choroid plexus of the sheep.
AB  - The blood-perfused choroid plexuses from the lateral ventricles of the sheep were
      used to determine the nature of sugar exchanges between blood and cerebrospinal
      fluid (c.s.f.). There was a net entry of sugars from blood to c.s.f. at all
      concentrations of sugars which were used and this net entry was seen when the
      sugars were measured either directly by enzymic analysis or by the use of
      isotopically labelled sugars. From competition experiments the order of affinity
      of the transporting system from both blood to c.s.f. and c.s.f. to blood was the
      same, i.e. 2-deoxy-D-glucose much greater than D-glucose greater than 3-O-methyl
      D-glucose much greater than D-galactose. The transport of sugars from c.s.f. to
      blood and blood to c.s.f. consists in both cases of a non-saturable and a
      saturable component. However, the affinity of the two systems is markedly
      different, the blood to c.s.f. being a system of low affinity and high capacity
      while that of the c.s.f. to blood has a high affinity and a low capacity. The
      concentration of glucose in the newly formed c.s.f. was estimated from the rate
      of c.s.f. secretion and the net flux of glucose across the choroid plexus. The
      concentration of glucose in this fluid was some 45-60% of that in plasma and so
      the low glucose concentration observed in bulk c.s.f. would appear to be a result
      of the entry process and not that of cerebral metabolism.

PMID- 4020689
TI  - Effect of ventricular tonicity upon cerebrospinal fluid production in rabbits.
AB  - Ventriculo-cisternal perfusion in rabbits has been employed to examine steady
      state relations between ventricular sodium and water fluxes and ventricular
      osmolality. These fluxes have been determined in individual rabbits when the
      ventricular fluid was either similar to normal cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) or
      when its osmolality was changed to one value within the range of about 150-300
      mosmol/l. The ventricular osmolality was changed by perfusing the ventricles with
      sucrose solutions of different concentrations that were either ion free,
      contained a low concentration of sodium, or contained both sodium and furosemide
      to inhibit the active production of c.s.f. Results suggest that this experimental
      range of ventricular osmolality is without significant effect upon a constant
      active sodium-coupled water movement into the ventricles, whereas a passive
      osmotic water flux into the ventricles increases with ventricular osmolality.

PMID- 4020690
TI  - Effects of stimulation and diphenylhydantoin on the intracellular sodium activity
      in Purkinje fibres of sheep heart.
AB  - The effects of stimulus frequency on the intracellular Na+ activity (aiNa) of
      Purkinje fibres from sheep hearts have been investigated using ion-sensitive
      micro-electrodes. aiNa increased by approximately 44% at 3 Hz and approximately
      6.5% at 0.2 Hz. The size of the increase was very variable between preparations
      and did not appear to be related to the initial level of aiNa before stimulation.
      During stimulation, the rise of aiNa was exponential and gave a new steady-state
      level within about 15 min. The time constant of this rise was independent of the
      frequency of stimulation. The recovery of aiNa following a period of stimulation
      also appeared to be exponential but the time constant was dependent upon the
      extent to which aiNa had been raised during stimulation, with shorter time
      constants following larger rises. The effects of stimulation on aiNa were
      compared to inhibition of the Na+-K+ pump using high concentrations of
      cardioactive steroids. The influence of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on the Na+
      permeability of the cell membrane was assessed by measuring the rate of rise of
      aiNa following Na+-K+-pump inhibition. DPH decreased the rate of rise of aiNa by
      approximately 37% at concentration of 10(-4) M. The decrease of Na+ permeability
      produced by DPH is probably responsible for the observed reduction of aiNa in
      quiescent preparations. DPH also produced substantial decreases of aiNa in
      stimulated preparations. These results are discussed in relation to its known
      anti-arrhythmic effects.

PMID- 4020691
TI  - A dopaminergic receptor modulates catecholamine release from the cat adrenal
      gland.
AB  - Nicotine evokes the release of catecholamines from perfused cat adrenal glands in
      a concentration-dependent manner, the median effective concentration for nicotine
      being 5 microM. Two 2 min pulses of 5 microM-nicotine, 40 min apart (S1 and S2)
      gave net catecholamine outputs of 7.64 and 3.55 micrograms/8 min, respectively.
      The ratio S2/S1 in control glands was 0.5. Increasing concentrations of
      apomorphine (1-10 microM) markedly inhibited catecholamine release during the
      second nicotine pulse (S2). At 1 microM-apomorphine, the release during S2 was
      significantly reduced to 16% of S1; with 10 microM-apomorphine, the secretory
      response was reduced further to only 3% of S1, the ratio S2/S1 being 0.03. The
      presence of haloperidol, sulpiride or picobenzide (each 0.5 microM) during S2,
      completely reversed the inhibition of catecholamine release produced by
      apomorphine. Haloperidol itself increased the nicotinic secretory response during
      S2; so, while the ratio S2/S1 was 0.5 in control conditions, this ratio increased
      significantly to 0.95 if haloperidol (0.5 microM) was present during S2,
      suggesting that the presence of this dopaminergic antagonist removed a negative
      feed-back mechanism that inhibits nicotine-evoked catecholamine release. If
      present during S2, dopamine (1 microM) also markedly inhibited catecholamine
      release evoked by nicotine; this inhibition was again reversed by 0.5 microM
      haloperidol. Neither the opiate antagonist naloxone nor the alpha-adrenoceptor
      blocking agent phentolamine (at concentrations of 0.5-5 microM) affected the
      inhibition by apomorphine of the secretory response to nicotine. These data
      strongly suggest that the cat adrenal medulla chromaffin cell membrane contains a
      dopaminergic receptor which modulates the catecholamine secretory process
      triggered by stimulation of the nicotinic cholinoceptor. The fact that dopamine
      is released in measurable amounts, together with adrenaline and noradrenaline,
      from perfused cat adrenal glands in response to nicotinic stimulation (V. Cena,
      unpublished results), favours a role for this dopaminergic receptor in modulating
      catecholamine release from the chromaffin cell.

PMID- 4020692
TI  - Effects of readmission of substrate on the membrane potential in glycogen
      depleted guinea-pig taenia coli.
AB  - In the glycogen-depleted smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli, application
      of glucose or beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB) in the presence of 20 mM-K or
      carbachol (5 microM) produced a transient hyperpolarization for about 1 min
      followed by a sustained depolarization accompanied by spike activity. The early
      hyperpolarization was highly temperature dependent, so that below 30 degrees C,
      substrate application produced the depolarization with a delay of approximately 2
      min, without a clear preceding hyperpolarization. The responses to substrate were
      not affected by ouabain (10 microM). Readmission of K after a treatment with K
      free solution for 10 min caused a transient hyperpolarization only in the
      presence of substrate. This hyperpolarization was abolished by ouabain. Verapamil
      (0.1 microM) blocked the substrate-induced depolarization, revealing an
      underlying slow hyperpolarization. Removal of Ca abolished both the
      hyperpolarization and depolarization caused by substrate application, but the
      hyperpolarization disappeared much more slowly than the depolarization. Removal
      of the external K had little effect on the substrate-induced hyperpolarization,
      but the hyperpolarization induced by substrate application was increased when the
      external K was increased up to approximately 20 mM. Both the hyperpolarization
      and the depolarization were not clearly affected by completely replacing Na with
      choline. The results suggest that ATP supplied by the addition of substrate
      activates some electrogenic pump, probably a Ca pump, causing hyperpolarization,
      and that ATP also removes the inactivation of Ca conductance with some delay,
      resulting in an increased depolarization.

PMID- 4020693
TI  - Action and localization of glycine and taurine in the cat retina.
AB  - The effects on retinal ganglion cells of iontophoretically applied glycine,
      taurine and strychnine were studied in the optically intact eye of the cat.
      Glycine and taurine suppressed the light-evoked discharge of all on-centre and
      off-centre brisk ganglion cells, regardless of the visual stimulus used.
      Strychnine blocked the action of externally applied glycine and taurine. The
      light-evoked response of all ganglion cells was raised by strychnine. The tonic
      discharge of the light response was suppressed or raised by the drugs more than
      the phasic response. A population of amacrine cells, which was heavily labelled
      by [3H]glycine, did not take up [3H]taurine. [3H]taurine was only weakly
      accumulated by inner nuclear layer neurones and was predominantly located in the
      outer retina.

PMID- 4020694
TI  - Changes in sodium activity during light stimulation in photoreceptors, glia and
      extracellular space in drone retina.
AB  - Ion-selective micro-electrodes were used to measure Na+ activity, aNa, in the two
      types of cell, photoreceptors and glial cells, and in the extracellular space, in
      superfused slices of the retina of the honey-bee drone, Apis mellifera male.
      Movements of Na+ were induced by light stimulation, or by increasing [K+] in the
      superfusate. In the dark, aNa in the photoreceptors was 10 mM (S.E. of the mean =
      1 mM); in the glial cells it was higher: 37 +/- 2 mM. We estimate that in this
      preparation about 2/3 of the free Na+ in the tissue is in the glial cells.
      Stimulation with a train of light flashes, 1 s-1 for 90 s caused aNa in the
      photoreceptors to increase by 16 +/- 2 mM. K+ activity, aK, decreased by 21 +/- 3
      mM. During the standard train of light flashes, aNa in glial cells decreased by
      only 1.5 +/- 0.3 mM, much less than the increase in aK (7 +/- 2 mM). One possible
      interpretation of this result is that most of the increase in aK is due to K+
      uptake by a mechanism other than Na+-K+ exchange. In extracellular fluid,
      stimulation caused aNa to fall to a relatively steady value in about 10 s. Unlike
      aK, there was no tendency for aNa to return to the base line during the remainder
      of the 90 s stimulation. The fall in aNa was 14 +/- 1 mM: a greater fall is
      prevented by extracellular electric currents and a decrease in extracellular
      volume. When [K+] in the superfusate was increased from 7.5 to 18 mM, aNa
      decreased in the glial cells but not in the photoreceptors. In this tissue,
      stimulation causes changes in aNa in the neurones that might be large enough to
      modify the biochemistry of the cells. But in the glia, the fractional changes are
      small.

PMID- 4020695
TI  - Three serial neurones in the innervation of the colon by the sacral
      parasympathetic nerve of the dog.
AB  - Electrophysiological and histological techniques were used to study the nature of
      the innervation of the colon by the sacral parasympathetic nerve of the dog. Many
      cells which incorporate horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were observed in ganglia of
      the pelvic plexus, but not in the sacral cord, after HRP was injected into the
      wall of the distal colon. Stimulation of the pelvic ganglia by an application of
      dimethylphenylpiperazinium contracted the distal colon. The contraction was
      reduced by nicotine applied to the colon. Compound action potentials in responses
      of rectal strands of the pelvic nerve to stimulation of the sacral ventral roots
      decreased or disappeared after hexamethonium bromide (C6) was applied to the
      pelvic plexus. Conduction velocities of the potentials showed that most of the
      preganglionic fibres were B fibres, and nearly all the post-ganglionic fibres
      were C fibres. Many C fibres were observed by electron microscopy in the rectal
      strands after degeneration of the pelvic and hypogastric nerves. Stimulation of
      such rectal strands caused a contraction of the colon, which diminished after C6
      was applied to the distal colon. These results show that the sacral
      parasympathetic nerve innervating the colon comprises three serial neurones
      located in the sacral spinal cord, the pelvic plexus and the myenteric plexus.

PMID- 4020696
TI  - Characteristics of the vagally driven non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory
      innervation of ferret gastric corpus.
AB  - This paper reports a quantitative in vivo study on the vagal activation of the
      intramural non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves in the ferret
      gastric corpus. The nature of the inhibitory neurotransmitter was also
      investigated. In the atropinized, guanethidine-treated, urethane-anaesthetized
      ferret, electrical stimulation (10 s at 20 V, 1-20 Hz, 0.5 ms pulses) of the
      cervical vagi produced a prompt fall in intracorpus pressure that was related to
      the stimulus frequency. The maximal response was achieved at 10 Hz. The time
      taken for the intracorpus pressure to return to pre-stimulus levels after a 10 s
      period of stimulation was related to the stimulus frequency; at 10 Hz the
      pressure took approximately 11 min to recover. In contrast to studies in the cat
      (Martinson & Muren, 1963), there was no detectable difference in the electrical
      threshold for activation of the vagal excitatory and vagal inhibitory fibres. The
      nature of the vagal non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory neurotransmitter
      was investigated using a variety of antagonists and agonists. Adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP), adenosine, alpha beta-methylene ATP and beta gamma-methylene
      ATP all contracted the corpus in the presence of vagotomy, atropine, guanethidine
      and indomethacin. The vagally induced fall in corpus pressure was not blocked by
      high doses of alpha beta-methylene ATP. A variety of peptides were investigated
      for their effects on corpus pressure in the presence of atropine, guanethidine
      and vagotomy. Bombesin, pentagastrin, substance P, cholecystokinin octapeptide
      (CCK-8) and bradykinin all produced an increase in intracorpus pressure.
      Neurotensin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) both decreased
      intracorpus pressure, and of the two VIP most closely mimicked the response to
      vagal activation of the non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic inhibitory neurones. The
      results provide support for the involvement of a peptide (possibly VIP) rather
      than a purine in the vagally driven decrease in intracorpus pressure in the
      ferret.

PMID- 4020697
TI  - Electroretinograms evoked by sinusoidal excitation of human cones.
AB  - The amplitude and phase of the fundamental Fourier component of the human
      electroretinogram (e.r.g.) were recorded with a synchronous detection method
      under conditions in which each of the three species of cones can be assumed most
      sensitive in turn. Weber-Fechner behaviour is well established at, or more distal
      in the retina than, the source of these voltages. Results over the frequency
      range 7-50 Hz exclude a diffusion model of human flicker perception. The e.r.g.
      phase vs. frequency plot found with a 'red' test differs from that obtained with
      a 'green'. The shapes of the e.r.g. field sensitivity action spectra agree with
      those of the subject's IIj(mu) (j = 3, 4 and 5) mechanisms of Stiles and with in
      situ measurements of the absorbance spectra of human cone pigments. Threshold
      phase with each test was independent of background wave-length but, consistent
      with the results in 3, the phase of the response to the 'red' test (25 Hz)
      differed significantly from that to the 'green'. If these differences resulted
      from the absorption of test photons of different colours at different points
      along the outer segment (independent of cone spectral sensitivity), they would be
      as clear on dichromats as on trichromats. Results on a protanope are inconsistent
      with this prediction. We infer that differences in phase are due to the different
      kinetics of different cone mechanisms and that the e.r.g.s studied here are
      evoked by exciting only the most sensitive cone mechanism, even though dark
      adaptation studies prove that at e.r.g. threshold the test is well above
      psychophysical threshold for all three cone species. If the inference in 5 is
      correct, studies of sensitivity across the retina suggest that the spatial
      distribution of long-, middle- and short-wave-sensitive cones in the human retina
      differ remarkably.

PMID- 4020698
TI  - The luminance origin of the pattern electroretinogram in man.
AB  - Electroretinograms (e.r.g.s) and visually evoked potentials (v.e.p.s) to pattern
      stimuli were recorded simultaneously from healthy subjects. The stimuli were
      produced by a configuration in which the luminance of two sets of spatial
      elements (checks) could be modulated independently. Experiments were designed to
      distinguish between contrast responses and non-linear luminance responses. In the
      first of two basic experiments, the luminance of only one set of checks was
      modulated, at a constant level in every trial. The other set was not modulated,
      but its luminance was set at various levels. Under these conditions the local
      luminance stimulation was kept equal for every trial whereas the contrast
      stimulation varied. Therefore, local luminance responses in these experiments
      were expected to be constant and contrast responses were expected to vary. The
      e.r.g.s were identical for all luminance settings of the unmodulated checks,
      suggesting that luminance rather than contrast determines the response. The
      v.e.p.s showed, on the contrary, the behaviour expected for contrast responses.
      In the second basic experiment the local luminance stimulation was also kept
      constant, but the phase difference between the modulations of the two sets of
      checks was varied between 0 deg (pure luminance stimulation) and 180 deg (pattern
      reversal). In this type of experiment the second harmonic responses to local
      luminance modulation are expected to decrease to a minimum as phase difference
      goes from 0 to 90 deg and increase again as phase difference goes to 180 deg.
      Contrast responses are expected to increase monotonically from zero to maximal at
      phase difference shifts from 0 deg (no contrast stimulation) to 180 deg (contrast
      reversal). The e.r.g.s decreased to a minimum at 90 deg phase difference and
      increase again with phase difference going to 180 deg. At 0 and 180 deg the same
      value was recorded. Consequently, the e.r.g. behaviour suggests a luminance
      origin of the responses. The v.e.p.s monotonically increased as phase difference
      went from 0 to 180 deg, thus suggesting a contrast origin of the responses. Two
      additional control experiments were performed. The first experiment compared the
      responses to homogeneous field red/green exchange and pattern red/green exchange,
      with the luminances of the red and green sources matched by heterochromatic
      flicker photometry. The exchange of luminance-matched red and green checks
      (pattern reversal) did not produce different e.r.g. responses from those recorded
      in response to homogeneous field red/green exchange. The v.e.p. showed a
      significant increase for the pattern stimulus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4020699
TI  - Hypothalamic thermosensitivity in capsaicin-desensitized rats.
AB  - In rats, we tested the hypothesis that capsaicin desensitization reduces
      hypothalamic warm thermosensitivity. We locally heated and cooled the
      hypothalamus using water-perfused thermodes while observing thermoregulatory
      variables. In untreated rats, a small dose of capsaicin had profound effects on
      thermoregulation. However, desensitizing rats to capsaicin had no effect on
      hypothalamic thermosensitivity for metabolic rate or changes in body temperature
      due to displacements of hypothalamic temperature. Contrary to current opinion, we
      conclude that capsaicin desensitization does not alter hypothalamic
      thermosensitivity to warm or cold.

PMID- 4020700
TI  - Modulation of slow response excitability by calcium in rabbit atrial trabeculae.
AB  - Slow responses were induced in rabbit isolated left atrial trabeculae in a
      modified Tyrode solution containing 15 mM-KCl and 1 mM-BaCl2. Conventional
      electrophysiological techniques were employed for stimulating and recording
      membrane potentials. Under these conditions, the excitability of the slow
      response depends on the past excitatory history of the preparation. As the
      stimulation frequency increases (range: 0.08-1 Hz) for a conditioning period of
      stimulation, the excitability of the slow response increases. This can be
      demonstrated by a decrease in stimulus requirement necessary to maintain slow
      response excitation following the conditioning period of stimulation. It is shown
      that when extracellular Ca2+ concentration is reduced to 0.5 mM, that phenomenon
      of frequency-dependent slow response excitability disappears but slow responses
      can still be elicited. Also, the addition of D-600 to 2.7 mM-Ca2+ solutions
      depresses both the slow response and its frequency-dependent excitability. The
      absence of frequency-dependent slow response excitability is not related to the
      depression of the slow response upstroke caused by low-Ca2+ solutions. Increasing
      intracellular Ca2+ concentration by exposing the preparation to low-Na+ solutions
      or to ouabain did not revert the observed effects in low-Ca2+ solutions. The
      addition of substances (5 mM-caffeine or 0.35 microM-adrenaline) that potentiate
      the influx of Ca2+ in low-Ca2+ solutions was found to be effective in restoring
      the dependence of slow response excitability on the frequency of stimulation. The
      increase in extracellular Ca2+ above 4 mM depressed the excitation of the slow
      response. Above 5.4 mM-Ca2+, the excitation of the slow response was completely
      inhibited while the preparation displayed continuous oscillations in
      transmembrane potential. The presence of a subthreshold response (subliminal
      response) that precedes and triggers slow response excitation is accompanied by
      tension development. Since the subliminal response is responsible for the changes
      in slow response excitability it is proposed that the Ca2+ inflow during slow
      response electrogenesis modulates the excitability of the slow response. Two
      possible physiological implications for this finding are discussed.

PMID- 4020701
TI  - Pyramidal effects in dorsal neck motoneurones of the cat.
AB  - The effects of contralateral pyramidal stimulation have been investigated with
      intracellular recording from cat alpha-motoneurones that innervate the dorsal
      neck musculature. A short train of stimuli evoked three types of synaptic
      effects: predominant excitation or inhibition and mixed effects characterized
      chiefly by early excitation followed by inhibition. Latency measurements
      indicated a minimal disynaptic linkage for excitation and for inhibition.
      Splenius motoneurones received primarily excitation whereas biventer cervicis
      complexus motoneurones received a more varied input characterized by mixed
      effects or inhibition. Following transection of the pyramid just rostral to the
      decussation (lower pyramidal lesion) pyramidal stimulation above the lesion still
      produced disynaptic excitation and longer latency (possibly trisynaptic)
      inhibition. Pyramidal stimulation just caudal to this transection evoked
      inhibition with a minimal disynaptic latency, as well as longer latency
      excitation. The incidence of longer latency excitation was found to be reduced in
      cats with corticospinal tract transections at the level of the second cervical
      spinal segment. No post-synaptic potentials were evoked by pyramidal stimulation
      rostral to a pyramidal transection at the level of the trapezoid body. It is
      suggested that disynaptic excitation evoked by pyramidal stimulation above the
      lower pyramidal lesion is mediated by medullary reticulospinal neurones
      possessing monosynaptic excitatory connexions with neck motoneurones. Longer
      latency excitation appears to be mediated by neurones that receive corticospinal
      tract input and are located in the spinal segments containing the neck
      motoneurones. Disynaptic inhibition is mediated by neurones likely to be situated
      between the second cervical spinal segment and the level of the lower pyramidal
      lesion. The results also suggest that the first neurone in the chain mediating
      longer latency inhibition is located in the brain stem. The differences in
      pyramidal synaptic input between splenius and biventer cervicis-complexus
      motoneurones are considered in relation to the roles these muscles may serve in
      head position control.

PMID- 4020702
TI  - Renal extraction and clearance of p-aminohippurate during saline and dextrose
      infusion in the rat.
AB  - The reliability of the use of p-aminohippurate (PAH) as a clearance marker for
      the determination of renal plasma flow during saline or dextrose infusion was
      investigated in conscious and anaesthetized rats. In the conscious rat (wt. 350
      400 g) infused for 4 h with 0.85% saline followed by 3 h of 2.5% dextrose, PAH
      clearance averaged 11.50 +/- 1.45 ml/min during saline infusion and 7.83 +/- 0.82
      ml/min during dextrose infusion. The difference was significant (P less than
      0.02). Inulin clearance, however, was unchanged. With dextrose as the initial
      infusate, PAH clearance averaged 5.86 +/- 0.65 ml/min and increased (P less than
      0.01) to 8.74 +/- 0.71 ml/min following a change of infusate to saline, although
      inulin clearance was again unchanged. In separate groups of rats anaesthetized
      with sodium pentobarbitone, a comparison was made between renal blood flow values
      calculated from PAH clearance and haematocrit, and those determined
      simultaneously using an electromagnetic flow probe placed on the left renal
      artery. During 0.85% saline infusion, the calculated value was 88.1 +/- 8.4% of
      that measured using the flow probe. During 2.5% dextrose infusion the value
      determined from PAH clearance was only 47.3 +/- 4.2% of that obtained using the
      flow probe, and this is significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than the ratio
      found during saline infusion. In another study, renal venous blood samples were
      obtained from sodium-pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats during 0.85% saline or
      2.5% dextrose infusions, for calculation of the renal PAH extraction ratio.
      During saline infusion, PAH extraction averaged 68.3 +/- 2.5%, whereas during
      dextrose infusion PAH extraction was lower (P less than 0.001) and averaged only
      48.8 +/- 3.2%. It is concluded that PAH clearance grossly underestimates renal
      plasma flow during 2.5% dextrose infusion in the rat.

PMID- 4020703
TI  - Naloxone increases blood flow in the human hand.
AB  - Intravenous injection of 2 mg naloxone produced a rapid and pronounced rise of
      blood flow (6.3 +/- 5.0 to 67.0 +/- 15.1 ml min-1 100 ml-1) and skin temperature
      (28.3 +/- 3.0 to 32.4 +/- 1.2 degrees C) in the finger and hand of seven of ten
      normal volunteers. In the other three there was only a small response. Skin
      temperature did not change in either the face or the foot. Three responding
      subjects who were retested with 0.4 mg naloxone showed a smaller and briefer
      response. To exclude a local effect of naloxone on skin blood flow due to release
      of histamine, responders and non-responders were tested with naloxone and
      morphine pricked into the skin of the hand and forearm. All showed a weal and
      flare reaction to morphine which was not abolished by mixture with naloxone; none
      showed any reaction to naloxone alone. These results suggest that, in some
      subjects at least, skin blood flow in the hand may be under endogenous opioid
      control and they raise the possibility that opioid antagonists might have value
      in the treatment of disorders of skin blood flow such as Raynaud's disease.

PMID- 4020704
TI  - Different types of slowly conducting afferent units in cat skeletal muscle and
      tendon.
AB  - In chloralose-anaesthetized cats, the impulse activity of single afferent units
      conducting at less than 30 m s-1 and having receptive fields in the triceps surae
      muscle or the calcaneal tendon, was recorded from thin filaments of the dorsal
      roots L7 and S1. The receptive fields of the units were tested with a variety of
      graded natural stimuli (local pressure, stretch, contractions, temperature
      changes). In addition, the algesic agent bradykinin was injected into the
      receptive fields, but the sensitivity of the receptors to this substance was not
      used for classification purposes. Four types of receptors could be distinguished
      using the strongest response to innocuous natural stimulation as the criterion
      for characterizing a given ending: (a) nociceptors showing no response to
      innocuous forms of stimulation and requiring noxious (tissue-threatening) stimuli
      to be clearly activated; (b) low-threshold pressure-sensitive receptors
      responding to innocuous indentation of the tissue but being relatively
      insensitive to stretch and contractions; (c) contraction-sensitive receptors
      reaching high discharge frequencies during active contractions of moderate force
      and innocuous stretch, but being relatively insensitive to local pressure
      stimulation; (d) thermosensitive receptors responding strongly to small changes
      in temperature without reacting to innocuous mechanical stimulation. The possible
      involvement of the different receptor types in central nervous functions
      (nociception, mechanoreception, ergoreception, thermoregulation) is discussed.

PMID- 4020705
TI  - Post-natal development of pyramidal tract neurones in kittens.
AB  - The post-natal development of pyramidal tract neurones (p.t.n.s) was investigated
      in twenty-one barbiturate-anaesthetized kittens from birth to 28 days of age
      using a combination of electrophysiological and anatomical techniques. P.t.n.
      responses were recorded intracellularly as well as extracellularly with glass
      micropipettes filled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on stimulation of the
      medullary pyramid and cerebellar nuclei. Latency histograms of antidromic
      responses of p.t.n.s were compared at various ages. In the neonate, p.t.n.s were
      divided into two groups which were presumed to be analogous with fast and slow
      p.t.n.s in adult animals. During the first post-natal week, latency shortening
      was not conspicuous, but by the end of the second post-natal week, the faster
      group showed a marked decrease of latencies (up to around 10 ms at 14 days of
      age), while those of the slower group did not change so much. The slower group
      increased their conduction velocity during the third post-natal week (latencies
      up to around 18 ms). At the end of the fourth post-natal week, the distribution
      of antidromic latencies was in a narrower range, but the values were still longer
      than those reported in adult animals. Intracellular HRP staining revealed that
      apical dendrites of p.t.n.s spread fully to the pial surface even at birth. The
      somata of these neurones were characteristically covered with somatic appendages
      and development of the basal dendritic tree was immature in 0-1-day-old kittens.
      Basal dendrites developed nearly completely by 7 days, but somata were still
      covered with appendages. During the fourth post-natal week, these appendages
      disappeared almost completely. The sizes of the dendritic field, especially of
      apical dendrites, became larger in parallel with the development of cortical
      layers. From the morphological point of view, differentiation of fast and slow
      p.t.n.s was not clear until 28 days of age except in somatic volumes, which were
      already different in the first post-natal week. At the end of the fourth post
      natal week, p.t.n.s with short antidromic latencies had a tendency to bear spines
      more sparsely over the secondary and tertiary dendritic surface in comparison
      with p.t.n.s with longer latencies. Intracortical axonal trajectories developed
      fairly well in the immature cerebral cortex, and the general pattern of
      ramification changed little during the first month after birth.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4020706
TI  - Reciprocal inhibitory interneurones in the Xenopus embryo spinal cord.
AB  - The mechanism of reciprocal inhibition between antagonistic motor centres during
      swimming in the paralysed Xenopus embryo has been investigated further. Paired
      intracellular recordings have been made from interneurones and motoneurones in an
      attempt to identify neurones which make direct inhibitory synapses onto
      motoneurones on the opposite side of the spinal cord. A physiological class of
      inhibitory interneurones is described which, when stimulated by intracellular
      current passage, evoke short-latency, probably monosynaptic, strychnine-sensitive
      inhibitory potentials in contralateral motoneurones. These inhibitory
      interneurones fire once per swimming cycle in phase with the ipsilateral motor
      root discharge. They therefore have a pattern of activity which would cause them
      to inhibit motoneurones of the antagonistic motor centre at an appropriate part
      of the swimming cycle. The intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) has allowed the morphology of these inhibitory interneurones to be
      characterized. They have unipolar cell bodies with a thick proximal process with
      short dendrites which crosses the spinal cord ventrally and then bifurcates with
      one axonal branch ascending into the hind brain and the other descending the
      spinal cord. These anatomical features are typical of the 'commissural
      interneurones' first described by Roberts & Clarke (1982). There are also some
      inhibitory interneurones which can inhibit motoneurones on the same side of the
      spinal cord. At least some of these interneurones may be commissural
      interneurones with ipsilateral axons and they may play a role in the generation
      of the swimming rhythm.

PMID- 4020708
TI  - [Close interdependence between passive and active soleus muscle torques in man:
      approach to the coregulation of the number of sarcomeres and length of the
      connective tissue].
AB  - Soleus muscle has, to as great an extent as possible, been functionally isolated
      in man. A device previously described permitted measurement of the soleus torque
      as a function of the tibia-calcaneum angle, and not as a function of tibia-foot
      angle. This latter angle cannot be correctly related to soleus length, since the
      arch of the foot can not be considered as rigid throughout the experiment. Ankle
      movements were performed on a horizontal plane by successive increments of 5
      degrees from full extension (plantar flexion) up to full flexion (dorsiflexion).
      Passive torques were measured for every angle. At the same angles, the total
      torques were recorded while the subject exerted a voluntary constant contraction
      which corresponded to 45% of the maximum integrated electromyographical activity
      of soleus muscle. The active torque-angle curve was obtained by subtracting, for
      the same angle, the passive from the total torques. It must be stressed that,
      when the muscle is maximally shortened, little or no torque was measured. For the
      angle corresponding to the top of the sub-maximal active curve (integrated
      electromyographic activity 45% of the maximum), the passive torque was about 1.75
      Nm and showed no significant interindividual variations. This result contrasted
      with the marked interindividual shifts which affect both passive and active
      curves. This interdependence of passive and active curves in human soleus muscle
      is compatible with the results of a previous study in the cat showing the
      concomitant adaptations of sarcomere number and connective tissue length.

PMID- 4020707
TI  - Regulation of cytosolic calcium concentration in presynaptic nerve endings
      isolated from rat brain.
AB  - The regulation of cytosolic Ca concentration ([Ca]i) was studied with the
      fluorescent Ca indicator, quin2, in pinched-off presynaptic nerve endings
      (synaptosomes) isolated from rat brain. The resting [Ca]i is 0.1-0.2 microM, in
      solutions containing 1-2 mM-Ca. [Ca]i increases by only 100-150 nM when the
      external Ca concentration is increased from 0.02 to 2 mM. The mitochondrial
      inhibitors valinomycin and fluoro-carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone (FCCP)
      increase [Ca]i by 100-200 nM. This increase is not correlated with the resting
      level of [Ca]i prior to the addition of inhibitors, but it is dependent on the
      presence of external Ca. It seems likely that the effect of these inhibitors on
      [Ca]i is a secondary consequence of metabolic inhibition. [Ca]i increases by
      about 2-fold when the external Na concentration is lowered from 145 to 5 mM, and
      returns to its initial level when external Na is restored. This recovery occurs
      also in the presence of FCCP. These results suggest that Na/Ca exchange, but not
      mitochondrial Ca uptake, plays a role in regulating [Ca]i and in allowing the
      nerve terminals to recover from Ca loading.

PMID- 4020709
TI  - [An anesthetic technic in dogs for studying the arrhythmogenic effects of acute
      coronary occlusion].
AB  - Intramuscular injection of levomepromazine (0.5 mg/kg) 30 min before intravenous
      injection of 10 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium induces a good surgical anaesthesia in
      dogs artificially ventilated with 50% N2O and 50% O2 and given 0.01 mg/kg
      atropine and 0.1 mg/kg pancuronium intravenously before left thoracotomy. This
      protocol is suitable for the study of the arrhythmogenic effects of acute one
      stage coronary artery ligation in anaesthetized dogs. In fact, minor interference
      with the autonomic nervous system appears to be involved since heart rate is
      maintained slow and mean aortic pressure is kept within normal limits, as pH,
      PaO2, anc PaCO2 during subsequent periods. Acute circumflex coronary arterio
      venous pedicle ligation close to the left main trunk division resulted in this
      model in a high incidence of ventricular fibrillation (10 out of 15 dogs) early
      (7 +/- 4 min) after occlusion. Specific interventions aimed at reducing the
      incidence of early post-ischemic life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias might
      be tested in this model.

PMID- 4020710
TI  - [Relation between maximal oxygen consumption and the record time in the 1500
      meter run. Analysis of Lloyd's model].
AB  - Lloyd's equation (Lloyd, 1967 b) has been applied to the calculation of record
      time in the 1 500 meters foot race from VO2 max. Twenty-eight healthy male
      subjects participated in this investigation. Record times decrease with
      increasing VO2 max. The theoretical curve plotted from Lloyd's equation is
      consistent with this trend. Moreover, the relationship between calculated record
      times (TRc) and measured record times (TRm) is highly significant (TRc = 74.3 +
      0.7 TRm; r = 0.883; P less than 0.001). These results validate Lloyd's equation
      and hypothesis.

PMID- 4020711
TI  - [Epileptogenesis caused by the kindling effect in diving at 3 ATA of air].
AB  - The kindling effect is an experimental model of epilepsy which results from an
      intermittent application of focal electrical stimulations to certain regions of
      the brain. Generalized seizures are usually obtained after about fifteen
      stimulations of amygdala in the rat. We studied the kindling effect in hyperbaric
      hyperoxic conditions. Eleven Wistar rats were stimulated daily in a caisson and
      all stimulations were delivered after 30 min of diving at 3 ATA of air. Diving
      inhibited kindling in half animals. In the others, which all presented
      generalised convulsions, diving produced a reduction in seizure duration,
      especially during the generalisation phase.

PMID- 4020712
TI  - Effects of cold exposure on calcitonin secretion in the young rat.
AB  - The effects of cold exposure on calcitonin (CT) secretion were evaluated in young
      rats. Acute cold exposure (5 h to 5 degrees C) induced a rise in plasma CT
      concentrations and a decrease in thyroidal CT stores without change in total and
      ionized plasma calcium levels. The cold activation of sympathico-adrenomedullary
      axis and the inhibition of CT response to cold after beta-antagonist treatment
      might suggest that endogenous catecholamines can enhance CT secretion in young
      rats. Cold adaptation (3 weeks to 5 degrees C) induced a fall in plasma calcium
      concentration and a rise in thyroidal CT stores without change in plasma CT
      levels. The high plasma glucocorticoid levels which are known to occur during
      chronic cold exposure could be involved in the rise of thyroidal CT content in
      cold adapted rats.

PMID- 4020713
TI  - Calcemic responses of Varanus flavescens to prolactin administration.
AB  - The daily intraperitoneal injections of ovine prolactin to Varanus flavescens (10
      I.U./0.2 ml/100 g body wt for 7 days) induced a rise in serum calcium which
      persisted until the end of the experiment.

PMID- 4020714
TI  - [Characteristics of esophageal antiperistaltic activity in sheep].
AB  - Oesophageal motility was investigated in standing conscious sheep. A manometric
      method was used in four animals; two sheep, fitted with permanent electrodes at
      four levels, were used for oesophageal electromyography. The occurrence of
      retrograde peristalsis (mean speed 71,5 cm.s-1) at the beginning of every
      rumination cycle is reasserted. The characteristics of this activity are pointed
      out, with reference to normal peristalsis during the deglutition of saliva.
      Different types of stimulation have been compared. Retrograde peristalsis (mean
      speed 66 cm.s-1) can be triggered readily in non-ruminating animals by the
      association of two stimulations. One being oesophageal distension and the other
      injection of a solution prepared with some physical or chemical components of the
      rumen liquid. No specialized sensitive area could be demonstrated. However,
      facilitation is evident during reticular contractions. Retrograde waves of
      contraction always start from the terminal part of the thoracic oesophagus,
      whatever the level of stimulation.

PMID- 4020715
TI  - [Time-dependent measurement of differential digital plethysmogram in bicycle
      ergometer exercise].
AB  - Time-dependent measurements of differential digital plethysmogram during exercise
      were made on five male subjects. The results obtained were as follows;
      Differential digital plethysmogram (delta DPG) was obtained by using biophysical
      amplifier with the time constant of 0.03 seconds which minimized the fluctuation
      of the baseline in digital plethysmogram (DPG). A linear relationship was shown
      in P wave amplitude of both delta DPG and DPG. The decrease in delta DPG-P waves
      was observed in visual concentrations, mental learning and arithmetic, initial
      inspiratory phase with tachycardia, maximal inspiratory and/or expiratory breath
      holding, and head-up tilt at 60 degrees or over. The increase in delta DPG-P
      waves was obtained at the expiratory phase with bradycardia and in the effect of
      alcohol intake. During 15 minutes of bicycle ergometer exercise at 750 kpm/min,
      the P wave amplitude in delta DPG decreased to 77% of the control in the first
      one minute of exercise, and then gradually increased to 218% at the final stage
      of exercise (p less than 0.01). Heart rate measured simultaneously increased, as
      compared from the beginning of exercise. P wave amplitude and heart rate after
      exercise decreased progressively to the control level. It is suggested that the
      initial decrease in P wave amplitude of delta DPG couples with the dominant
      activity of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor, and the final increase in P waves is
      due to the compound factors of the increased cardiac output and arteriolar
      vasodilation.

PMID- 4020716
TI  - Acute pancreatitis in north and north-east Scotland.

PMID- 4020717
TI  - Endoscopic papillotomy for removal of common bile duct stones without
      cholecystectomy.

PMID- 4020718
TI  - Cholecystectomy, cholelithiasis and colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 4020719
TI  - Prophylactic metronidazole with and without cefuroxime in elective colorectal
      surgery. A prospective randomised double-blind study.

PMID- 4020720
TI  - Giant monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the jaws.

PMID- 4020721
TI  - Retroperitoneal teratoma with rupture into the left lung.

PMID- 4020722
TI  - Impalement of the chest by a reinforced steel rod.

PMID- 4020723
TI  - Multiple perineal fistulas and bladder carcinoma.

PMID- 4020724
TI  - Adhesions as a primary cause of massive intraperitoneal bleeding.

PMID- 4020725
TI  - Perineal healing after panproctocolectomy for inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 4020726
TI  - Management of severe head injuries in a non-neurosurgical trauma centre.

PMID- 4020727
TI  - Osteochondral fractures of the patella. A method of fixation.

PMID- 4020728
TI  - Patient comfort after upper abdominal surgery. Effect of routine nasogastric
      suction.

PMID- 4020730
TI  - A study of the food eaten in conventional Royal Navy submarines.

PMID- 4020729
TI  - The Telfer osteotomy for hallux valgus.

PMID- 4020731
TI  - Training for the role of staff nurse--professional and personal preparation of
      recently qualified Registered General Nurses in the QARNNS.

PMID- 4020732
TI  - Training in occupational medicine in the Royal Navy--a personal view.

PMID- 4020733
TI  - [Noninvasive diagnosis of patellar chondromalacia].
AB  - The present paper investigates into plain film appearance of chondromalacia
      patellae verified with the aid of operative and arthroscopic inspection.
      Roentgenograms taken according to the defile-technique were obtained from 86
      patients prior to the operation and at post operative intervals to give a two
      year follow up. It can be drawn from the results that the incidence of
      radiologically detectable type I lesions is in the range of about 60%, whereas
      the diagnostic sensitivity for type III lesions have been determined to reach
      100%. While significant improvement of all clinical symptoms could be observed
      during the postoperative period, patellar roentgen morphology proved to be almost
      entirely unchanged. Therefore it may speculated that severe chondromalacia
      patellae is likely to represent an early sign of patellar osteoarthritis.

PMID- 4020734
TI  - [Radiologic imaging of annulo-ectasia disease of the aorta. Experience with 26
      cases].
AB  - The authors describe the radiologic appearance of annulo-aortic ectasia in 26
      patients who had plain chest radiography and aorto-seriography. Two also
      underwent C.T. Aortography is the most performing method to appreciate the extent
      of aortic ectasia, the perturbations of the aortic root and to diagnose acute or
      chronic dissections. Aortography remains a most valuable complement of
      echocardiography for preoperative staging.

PMID- 4020735
TI  - [Primary neuroblastoma. A new form of median line cerebral calcification].
AB  - Based on a series of 7 cases the original characteristics of neuroblastomas are
      described, these tumors being of neuronal origin and exhibiting such constant
      calcifications and median line sites that they can be evoked in spite of their
      rareness.

PMID- 4020736
TI  - [X-ray computed tomographic aspects of gelatinous disease of the peritoneum.
      Apropos of 5 cases].
AB  - Gelatinous disease of the peritoneum, designated by Anglo-Saxon authors as
      peritoneal pseudomyxoma is a rare affection characterized by the presence in the
      peritoneal cavity of a mucoid substance corresponding to an acid
      mucopolysaccharide. It develops secondary to an acid mucopolysaccharide. It
      develops secondary to mucosecreting malignant tumors, particularly of ovarian or
      appendicular origin, and its capacity to provoke multiple recurrences makes it of
      fairly poor prognosis. Diagnosis has been improved by the availability of non
      aggressive investigations such as ultrasound and particularly computed tomography
      imaging. Suggestive CT scan signs are hepatic scalloping and a partitioned
      intraperitoneal effusion. Follow up scans can give data on the course of the
      disease and detect any complications (renal and digestive lesions,
      intraperitoneal abscess).

PMID- 4020737
TI  - [Microcomputer simulation of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging contrasts].
AB  - The high information content of magnetic resonance images is due to the
      multiplicity of its parameters. However, this advantage introduces a difficulty
      in the interpretation of the contrast: an image is strongly modified according to
      the visualised parameters. The author proposes a micro-computer simulation
      program. After recalling the main intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, he shows
      how the program works and its interest as a pedagogic tool and as an aid for
      contrast optimisation of images as a function of the suspected pathology.

PMID- 4020738
TI  - [Spondylodiscitis after embolization of an extramedullary intraspinal
      arteriovenous fistula].
AB  - The authors report a case of spondylitis Th11-Th12 occurred 1 month after
      embolization of an intraspinal extramedullary arteriovenous fistulae; this
      fistulae was fed by 11th left intercostal artery. The infecting organism isolated
      from the affected intervertebral disc was streptococcus sanguis a common agent of
      dental abscess.

PMID- 4020739
TI  - [Unusual late disclosure of left congenital diaphragmatic hernia].
AB  - A posterolateral hernia through Bochdalek foramina was discovered in a 27 months
      old child under unusual circumstances. During lifting an heavy weight, migration
      occurred of the abdominal content through the foramina into the left thorax. The
      size of the pleuroperitoneal communication was well demonstrated by
      peritoneography. Possible rupture of a diaphragmatic relaxation was eliminated on
      findings at surgery. Reconstructive surgery led to an uneventful recovery which
      is the rule in this type of late-discovered hernia.

PMID- 4020740
TI  - [A system for improving the quality of the image in knee arthrography].
AB  - A simple and inexpensive technique for arthrography is described. A standard
      fluoroscopic unit with overhead tube is used. A special cassette holder allows
      the use of cassettes with a screen-film combination normally used for
      mammography. An exceptionally good combination of factors important for a good
      image quality is obtained.

PMID- 4020741
TI  - [National survey on radiodiagnosis. Comparative analysis of the activity of
      different sectors (3)].
AB  - The survey has estimated the global annual production of radiological procedures
      in France (1982) at 45,4 millions. The large public hospitals (including
      University hospitals) produce up to 42% of the total; the mean number of annual
      procedures by X-Ray unit being 4 000, in this sector. The private sector
      (including clinics and offices) has a production ratio between 2 350 and 2 800
      annual procedures by X-Ray Unit; some type of examinations are over represented
      as compared with the public sector for example lumbar and dorsal spine and
      digestive. Specialized procedures such as vascular and neuro-radiological
      represent a quasi monopoly of the public sector. In term of economic behavior,
      some differences appear between the public and private sectors in the way to
      account for the procedures to the Social Security System. These are partly due to
      differences in the complexity of the procedures (for example in the case of
      abdomen, stomach and upper G.I., the latter being more often performed in
      hospitals) and to different medical practices (number of films; utilisation of
      divided films, etc.). The share of procedures executed under the responsibility
      of a radiologist yields 88% of the total.

PMID- 4020742
TI  - Cervical screening.

PMID- 4020743
TI  - Antibiotics, sore throats and rheumatic fever.
AB  - From a retrospective study of hospital records, it is calculated that the present
      incidence of rheumatic fever in Scottish children is 0.6 per 100 000 per year.
      This is in keeping with recent research from other developed communities. An
      attempt is made to assess the relative risk of developing rheumatic fever after
      antibiotic-treated streptococcal sore throats and non-antibiotic-treated
      streptococcal sore throats. The risk in both cases is low (probably in the order
      of 1:30 000) and there is no evidence that prescribing antibiotics for prodromal
      sore throats confers benefit.

PMID- 4020744
TI  - How patients manage asthma.
AB  - In this paper we discuss how patients cope with asthma and suggest that
      individuals use medical advice selectively in a manner they consider appropriate
      to their personal and social circumstances. Use of medical services is influenced
      by patients' perception of the effectiveness of medical therapies, concern about
      the long-term use of drugs, access to alternative therapies, support and advice
      from others and the need to make particular sense of living with a chronic
      disease. Some people are reluctant to use medical services under any
      circumstances.

PMID- 4020745
TI  - What does a trainee see?
AB  - The experience of a trainee was documented in detail for a complete training year
      and the data were stored and analysed using a suite of purpose-written computer
      programs. The results indicate that the experience of the trainee was extremely
      similar to that of the trainer and that continuity of care must be considered in
      planning a training programme. The findings also emphasize that general practice
      deals with a wide range of problems many of which occur infrequently and
      therefore may not be adequately covered during the training year.

PMID- 4020746
TI  - Audit of abdominal pain in general practice.
AB  - An audit of 150 consecutive cases of abdominal pain presenting to an urban
      teaching practice between October 1983 and May 1984 was performed. The median
      duration of pain prior to presentation was two days. Females predominated in all
      age groups.Eighty-nine per cent of these patients were managed entirely in the
      practice and of these, 52 per cent were managed with reassurance and advice
      alone, while 48 per cent also received a prescription. Only 15 per cent of
      patients were investigated in any way by the practice. Of the 17 patients (11 per
      cent) referred, nine were referred as emergencies and eight were admitted that
      day. However, there were only three true surgical emergencies in the entire
      series (one appendicitis, one intussusception and one fulminating pancreatitis).

PMID- 4020747
TI  - An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in
      the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre.
AB  - Depressed patients were allocated randomly to individual cognitive therapy, group
      cognitive therapy or a waiting list ;treatment as usual' control group. Blind
      clinical and psychometric assessment of patients revealed that those who
      underwent cognitive therapy did significantly better than those on the waiting
      list. There was no significant difference between patients treated with group or
      individual cognitive therapy. Threatment gains were maintained at follow-up at 12
      months. Prognostic characteristics for the selection of depressed patients for
      cognitive therapy on the basis of the chronicity and social stresses are
      identified. It is concluded that cognitive therapy is an effective treatment
      which can be applied cost-effectively in general practice.

PMID- 4020748
TI  - Audit of screening for hypertension in general practice.
AB  - An audit of a practice which has a policy of opportunistic screening for raised
      blood pressure showed that 80 per cent of patients born between 1930-44 had been
      screened in the last five years. Patients who had not been screened were
      identified and contacted; this increased the percentage screened to 87 per cent.
      Only four possible new hypertensives were identified. It is suggested that the
      effort and expense of achieving this result was not worthwhile and that
      opportunistic screening is the cheapest and easiest method of screening for high
      blood pressure.

PMID- 4020749
TI  - The elderly as underconsulters: a critical reappraisal.
AB  - This paper reconsiders the evidence for underconsultation among the elderly.
      Earlier evidence from studies of unreported illness is reassessed and new data
      are presented for the ratio of self-reported illness to number of consultations.
      It is concluded that underconsultation among the elderly is exaggerated and that
      there are implications for screening and case-finding. It is suggested that
      attention should be directed towards a combination of self-referral and multi
      tiered screening for low contact and high risk groups.

PMID- 4020750
TI  - Medicine and the media.

PMID- 4020751
TI  - Laughter and medicine.

PMID- 4020752
TI  - Treating insomnia.

PMID- 4020753
TI  - Clinical diagnosis of gall-bladder disease.
AB  - An investigation into the diagnosis of gall-bladder disease in general practice
      by simple clinical methods was carried out over seven years; 916 patients were
      seen in 1018 episodes of illness. These patients were examined particularly for
      oedema in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the right hypochondrium, Murphy's
      sign, clinical jaundice and bilirubinuria.Oedema was found in 89% of the episodes
      of confirmed gall-bladder disease and in 74% of the suspected cases, but in only
      4% of the other abdominal and thoracic conditions studied. Clinical jaundice or
      bilirubinuria or both occurred in 28% of the confirmed episodes of gall-bladder
      disease and in 12% of the suspected ones.If oedema, Murphy's sign and jaundice
      were all present there was a 72% probability of the condition being gall-bladder
      disease.During the study, there was a 45% increase in the number of new cases of
      gall-bladder disease correctly diagnosed each year compared with the previous
      three and a half years, and an 89% decrease in the number of cases missed.

PMID- 4020754
TI  - Comparative rating of consultation performance: a preliminary study and proposal
      for collaborative research.
AB  - Factors governing the appropriateness, reliability and validity of rating scales
      in the measurement of professional performance are reviewed. The origin and
      preliminary testing among undergraduated and general practitioners of a brief
      consultation rating schedule is described.Statistical criteria are proposed for
      the analysis of ratings, by groups, in the comparison of consultation
      performance. Using these criteria the capacity of the 10 rating schedule items to
      discriminate between two contrasting consultations was examined. Each of the
      items was used at some time by students or doctors to express significant
      preference for the same consultation; and on this basis all the items are
      considered to merit inclusion. One item showed highly significant intra- and
      inter-observer reliability.The schedule is reproduced in full, together with a
      data-collection document and significance chart, with the aim of encouraging
      groups of doctors to test the validity of the items in the comparison of other
      pairs of consultations. It is proposed that future versions of the schedule
      should reflect the experience of such groups in testing existing items and in
      defining additional items which satisfy the proposed criteria.

PMID- 4020755
TI  - Consumer-oriented groups: a new approach to interdisciplinary teaching.
AB  - Difficulties in the development of primary health care teams have been
      demonstrated by a number of authors. The important place of interdisciplinary
      teaching in this development had been stressed. This paper describes an
      experimental series in which emphasis has been placed on the patient's view of
      the input of different team members. The value of this approach is discussed.

PMID- 4020756
TI  - Accessing remote data bases using microcomputers.
AB  - General practitioners' access to remote data bases using microcomputers is
      increasing, making even the most obscure information readily available. Some of
      the systems available to general practitioners in the UK are described and the
      methods of access are outlined. General practitioners should be aware of the
      advances in technology; data bases are increasing in size, the cost of access is
      falling and their use is becoming easier.

PMID- 4020757
TI  - Food propagandists--the new puritans.

PMID- 4020758
TI  - Place of birth and perinatal mortality.
AB  - Analyses of the published results of national surveys and specific studies, as
      well as of the official stillbirth statistics, consistently point to the
      conclusion that perinatal mortality is significantly higher in consultant
      obstetric hospitals than in general practitioner maternity units or at home, even
      after allowance has been made for the greater proportion of births in hospital at
      high pre-delivery risk. Unpubliched results of the British births 1970 survey,
      which have now become available, make possible a direct and authoritative
      analysis of data on the safest place of birth. Not only does this make the
      earlier conclusion more certain, but it confounds the doctrine that obstetric
      intranatal care is particularly beneficial for high pre-delivery risk births.
      There is no evidence from recent years that the findings of 1970 are not equally
      valid in the 1980s.

PMID- 4020759
TI  - Wide variations in the night visiting rate.
AB  - The night visit record of an out-of-hours rota service of a large health centre
      which includes 10 group practices was examined. The mean annual night visiting
      rate for the health centre was 35.2 per 1000 patients, ranging from 25.8 to 43.5
      between individual practices. The organization of medical care at night was the
      same for all the practices, and no major demographic differences between
      practices were identified. It is argued that the doctor-patient relationship may
      have an influence on differences in night visiting rates.

PMID- 4020760
TI  - Hyperthermia following a sauna bath.

PMID- 4020761
TI  - Inhibition of non-genomic responses to oestrogen in the rat uterus by
      testosterone propionate.
AB  - Testosterone propionate (50 mg/kg), administered together with oestradiol,
      inhibited the oestrogen-induced uterine eosinophilia, deep endometrial oedema and
      the increase in uterine wet weight, 6 h after treatment. The same dose of the
      androgen decreased the number of eosinophils in the blood and increased their
      degranulation, explaining the effect of testosterone in the uterus. The high
      doses of the androgen used were in the range of the doses reported by others to
      block selectively the oestrogen-induced increase in uterine peroxidase content
      but not other responses to oestrogen or the cytosolic oestrogen receptor
      translocation to the nucleus. The dissociation by high doses of testosterone of
      the oestrogen-induced uterine eosinophilia, wet weight increase and oedema from
      other responses to oestrogen in the absence of any measurable effect of
      testosterone upon cytosolic-nuclear oestrogen receptors supports the idea that
      uterine eosinophilia and oedema are oestrogenic responses regulated by mechanisms
      different from those of the genomic responses, and is in agreement with the
      hypothesis of the mediation of uterine oedema by eosinophils.

PMID- 4020763
TI  - Photoelectron imaging of guinea-pig, hamster and human spermatozoa.
AB  - Photoelectron images of mammalian spermatozoa were obtained by subjecting the
      specimens to u.v.-irradiation and focussing the emitted electrons by electron
      optics (photoelectron microscopy). Guinea-pig, hamster and human spermatozoa were
      fixed in glutaraldehyde, deposited on conductive glass discs, and dehydrated.
      Sufficient quantities of photoelectrons were released from the surface of
      spermatozoa to produce images without staining, coating or metal shadowing. The
      large planar heads of guinea-pig spermatozoa were easily resolved with good
      delineation of acrosomal and postacrosomal regions. Residual vesicles could be
      visualized on the surface of the inner acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa that had
      undergone the acrosome reaction. Also detectable in these photoelectron images
      were finer membrane surface details, periodicities in the midpiece region of the
      tail which coincided with the distribution of mitochondria, and periodicities in
      the principal piece which appeared to be related to fibrous sheath components.
      Hamster spermatozoa were similarly well resolved but human spermatozoa were more
      difficult to image because of their increased surface curvature. The mechanism
      responsible for detection of these surface details is primarily topographical
      contrast rather than material contrast, since spermatozoa coated with a thin
      layer of gold or platinum exhibited similar features, although at reduced
      resolution, as the uncoated specimens.

PMID- 4020762
TI  - Follicular atresia in relation to oocyte morphology in non-pregnant and pregnant
      women.
AB  - Antral follicles from normally menstruating women and women in the third
      trimester of pregnancy were classified as healthy or atretic by flow cytometric
      DNA measurements on aspirated granulosa cells and by the concentration of
      steroids in the follicular fluid. The oocytes contained in these follicles were
      characterized as healthy or degenerating by their morphology at the light
      microscopic level. In 98% of the cases (61/62) morphologically healthy or
      degenerating oocytes were found in follicles which were classified as healthy or
      atretic respectively. In the normally menstruating women degenerative changes in
      the oocyte and the remainder of the follicle appeared to occur in synchrony. In
      pregnant women asynchrony was noted between the oocyte and the remainder of the
      follicle as follicular atresia progressed. The present study demonstrated the
      usefulness of flow cytometric DNA measurement in characterizing antral follicles
      of all sizes as healthy or more or less atretic.

PMID- 4020764
TI  - Luminal secretion of myo-inositol by the rat epididymis perfused in vitro.
AB  - A technique for perfusing the lumen of rat epididymal tubules maintained in vitro
      showed that [3H]inulin was largely excluded from the lumen of unravelled tubules
      from the cauda and tubules from the corpus if the connective tissue capsule was
      removed. The preparation transported [3H]inositol from the bath fluid for 3 h
      against a concentration gradient in both regions with activity rising (16-29% of
      bath fluid values) in the cauda and reaching a plateau (18%) in the corpus
      epididymidis. HPLC showed that radioactivity was solely associated with inositol
      and its movement to the lumen was reduced by raising inositol in the bath fluid
      from 50 microM (plasma levels) to 10 mM, but not affected by reducing the glucose
      concentration in the bath fluid or introducing physiological concentrations of
      inositol (30 mM) into the lumen. Secretion into the caudal lumen of unlabelled
      inositol measured by g.l.c. was maintained for 3 h at concentrations (300 microM)
      greater than those in the bath fluid and was not reduced when glucose or inositol
      were removed from the bath. In contrast, glucose was only detectable in the lumen
      when it was present in the bathing medium, reaching 1% of this concentration.
      Radioactivity appeared in the epididymal lumen reaching a plateau (19% of bath
      fluid values) in the corpus and cauda when [3H]glucose was added to the bath
      fluid, but no radiolabelled inositol was found in the lumen. We conclude that
      epididymal tissue is a major source of secreted inositol.

PMID- 4020765
TI  - Production of (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde from (S)-alpha-chlorohydrin by boar
      spermatozoa and the inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in
      vitro.
AB  - The (S)-isomer of the male antifertility agent alpha-chlorohydrin was metabolized
      by mature boar spermatozoa in vitro to (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde. This oxidative
      process, which did not occur when (R)-alpha-chlorohydrin was offered as a
      substrate, was catalysed by an NADP+-dependent dehydrogenase that converts
      glycerol to glyceraldehyde. (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde, produced by this metabolic
      reaction or when added to suspensions of boar spermatozoa, was a specific
      inhibitor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase as assessed by the
      accumulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and the triosephosphates. When glycerol
      and (S)-alpha-chlorohydrin were added concomitantly to boar spermatozoa in vitro,
      the presence of glycerol decreased the degree of inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3
      phosphate dehydrogenase. Extracts of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      that were obtained from boar spermatozoa incubated with (S)-alpha-chlorohydrin or
      (R,S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde showed significant reductions in their enzymic
      activity.

PMID- 4020766
TI  - Seasonal and circadian patterns of circulating prolactin during lactation and
      seasonal quiescence in the tammar, Macropus eugenii.
AB  - Prolactin was measured in peripheral plasma of female tammars once a week for 14
      months and every 2 months it was measured in a subgroup of 7 tammars at hourly
      intervals for 28 h to determine short-term changes in concentration. During the
      course of the study 6 females gave birth in January/February and reared their
      young to weaning in October-November, while another 4 gave birth 1.5-3.0 months
      later and weaned their young in November-December. Concentrations of prolactin
      were less than 40 ng/ml in a non-lactating animal and for the first 140 days of
      lactation in the others. Between 140 and 180 days of lactation the concentrations
      of prolactin fluctuated between 10 and greater than 100 ng/ml and thereafter
      remained high until the young vacated the pouch for the last time at about 250
      days. After pouch exit the concentrations declined to about 40 ng/ml even though
      lactation continued for a further 21-35 days. Although the short-term patterns of
      prolactin concentrations showed no consistent relationship between light-dark
      phases there was an increase in the magnitude and duration of peaks of plasma
      prolactin which correlated with the stage of lactation. Removal of pouch young
      aged between 203 and 242 days for 24 h resulted in a rapid decrease in plasma
      prolactin concentration which was reversed when the young was returned to the
      pouch, indicating that the high levels of prolactin in the second half of
      lactation may be maintained by the sucking stimulus of the pouch young. This
      period of lactation, therefore, may be equated with lactation in eutherians, but
      there appears to be no eutherian equivalent to early lactation in the tammar.

PMID- 4020767
TI  - Cytogenetic and blood group studies of sheep/goat chimaeras.
AB  - Aggregation chimaeras were composed of quarter (or 1 cell) contributions from 4
      cell blastocysts of sheep or goats, or of an 8-cell blastocyst of one species
      enveloped in three 8-cell blastocysts of the other. Gestation was in sheep or
      goat recipient females. Of the 10 living animals born, 3 were identified as
      interspecific chimaeras by body conformation and coat type among the 7
      quarter/quarter aggregations and 1 among the 3 giant aggregates. Interspecific
      chimaerism was identified by cytogenetic study of umbilicus and blood lymphocytes
      respectively of 2 of these, one from each type of aggregate. Intraspecific sex
      chimaerism was found in 3 other animals; 2 were of giant aggregate origin, but
      the 1 of quarter/quarter origin must have acquired it by placental anastomosis
      with a twin conceptus. Tests using species-specific monoclonal antibodies and
      electrophoretic separation of haemoglobins and isoenzymes demonstrated sheep and
      goat erythrocytes in one giant aggregate chimaera; their relative proportions and
      those of the blood lymphocytes changed over a period of 31 months from
      approximately 60% goat and 40% sheep to more than 90% sheep. The plasma
      transferrins and amylases did not show similar relative changes from their
      predominantly goat-like character and, by implication, neither did their tissues
      of origin.

PMID- 4020768
TI  - Intratesticular distribution of testosterone in rats and the relationship to the
      concentrations of a peptide that stimulates testosterone secretion.
AB  - Methods have been established and validated for quantitative assessment of the
      distribution of testosterone in the testis, by measurement of testosterone
      concentrations in whole testis, in isolated seminiferous tubules and in
      testicular interstitial fluid. These measurements were made in individual rats
      injected 2-40 h previously with saline (0.9% NaCl) or a potent antiserum to ovine
      LH. Testosterone concentrations in interstitial fluid and seminiferous tubules
      were closely correlated (r = +0.98; n = 60) and their relationship was log linear
      over a 200-fold range. However, although the concentrations of testosterone in
      interstitial fluid and seminiferous tubules decreased progressively with time
      after LH antiserum injection, this decrease was far more pronounced for
      interstitial fluid. In association with this change there was a significant
      increase in the amounts of a locally-produced factor in interstitial fluid which
      stimulates basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone production by isolated purified
      Leydig cells. This increase was reversed by injection of hCG but not by
      peripheral injection of a dose (20 mg) of testosterone propionate which restored
      normal intratesticular concentrations of testosterone. It is concluded that the
      tubular 'conservation' of testosterone, which occurs as interstitial fluid levels
      of this steroid decrease, may be a consequence of restricted diffusion of
      testosterone out of the tubules, but is also associated with increased amounts of
      a peptide stimulator of testosterone production.

PMID- 4020769
TI  - Acquisition of sperm motility and its maintenance during storage in the lizard,
      Lacerta vivipara.
AB  - Lizard spermatozoa, which are non-motile in the testis, develop the ability to
      swim as they pass along the excurrent duct. The addition of caffeine, a
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor, induced forward motility in spermatozoa from the
      caput epididymidis and increased the velocity of spermatozoa from the distal part
      of the epididymis. Caffeine had no effect on the motility of testicular
      spermatozoa. This suggests that sperm motility in this species is cyclic AMP
      dependent but this factor alone is not sufficient to induce testicular sperm
      motility. In samples from the distal region of the epididymis, sperm motility was
      maximal in April just after the breeding season and then decreased significantly
      during the following months. A parallel can be drawn between these data and the
      levels of testosterone in the plasma. In the lizard, as in mammals, the
      epididymis may play an important role in the maturation of spermatozoa.

PMID- 4020770
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative structural changes during pig oocyte maturation.
AB  - Pig oocytes were examined at hourly intervals after stimulation with hCG. Meiosis
      was resumed between 20 and 30 h after hCG. This coincided with a decline in the
      number of mitochondria and evidence is presented which indicates that this was
      due to fusion. The number of lipid droplets increased and the volume fraction of
      large vesicles decreased. Both these organelles maintained a close spatial
      relationship with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mitochondria were clustered at
      the periphery of the cell before hCG injection but dispersed with maturation. The
      volume occupied by large vesicles, 'protein bodies' and Golgi also decreased at
      the edge of the oocyte with the progression of maturation.

PMID- 4020771
TI  - Effect of intravaginal implants of melatonin on the onset of ovarian activity in
      adult and prepubertal ewes.
AB  - Melatonin was administered intravaginally in Silastic tubing to adult and
      prepubertal ewes. In Exp. 1, ewe lambs (born early March) were given intravaginal
      melatonin implants at a mean age (+/- s.e.m.) of 7.5 +/- 0.1 weeks (Group E, N =
      10) or 19.4 +/- 0.2 weeks (Group L, N = 10). The third group (Group C, N = 10)
      received empty implants. In Exp. 2 mature ewes were given implants on 13 May
      (Group E, N = 10) or 18 July (Group L, N = 10) or received empty implants (Group
      C, N = 10) on one of these two dates. Blood samples were taken twice weekly for
      progesterone assay. In Exp. 1 the mean age (+/- s.e.m.) at puberty (progesterone
      greater than 2 nmol/l for two consecutive samples) was 35.4 +/- 0.8 weeks.
      Puberty was advanced by 5.2 weeks in Group L lambs, occurring at a mean age of
      30.2 +/- 0.7 weeks (P less than 0.001). In Group E lambs the timing of puberty
      was unaltered, occurring at a mean age of 34.8 +/- 0.6 weeks. Mature ewes in
      Group L (Exp. 2) showed increased incidence of ovarian activity (9/10 ewes
      cycling by 26 September) compared with the control ewes (1/10) (P less than
      0.001), but there was no effect in Group E ewes (3/10). The results demonstrate
      that continuous melatonin administration to adult and prepubertal ewes can mimic
      the effect of short days in terms of the reproductive response, and that the
      present and previous exposure to melatonin is critical in determining the
      response.

PMID- 4020772
TI  - Prospects and limitations of the rosette inhibition test to detect activity of
      early pregnancy factor in the pig.
AB  - After preincubation of lymphocytes in serum of non-pregnant pigs and using a
      standard anti-pig-lymphocyte serum the upper limit of the 99.9% confidence
      interval of rosette inhibition titres (RIT) for pig serum was calculated to be
      11.4 and all titres greater than 12 were defined as a proof of early pregnancy
      factor (EPF)-activity. The reproducibility of the RITs with serum samples of
      pregnant pigs was considered satisfactory (interassay coefficient of variation
      23.8%), whereas their reproducibility was considered good with sera taken from
      non-pregnant animals (interassay coefficient of variation 6.5%). Problems of the
      test were particularly evident due to the absence of increased RITs after
      previous incubation of lymphocytes in serum of pregnant pigs. Therefore, all EPF
      negative samples were reanalyzed up to two times; pregnancy was then correctly
      diagnosed for 88.7% of sows. There were 8.6% false positive results (N = 70) and
      12.2% false negative results (N = 205). During the first half of pregnancy RITs
      displayed periodic fluctuations which resembled the physiological cycle interval
      of the pig. Between Weeks 5 and 9 of pregnancy greater numbers of EPF-negative
      sows were detected. Subsequently, a continuous increase of mean RITs occurred,
      which then declined gradually from Day 80 of pregnancy. Similar changes were
      observed for progesterone values in the dialysed serum samples. However, highest
      progesterone concentrations always followed elevated RITs with a delay of 1.5-4
      days. A subthreshold cyclicity of ovarian and luteal function probably persists
      despite pregnancy.

PMID- 4020773
TI  - Detection of activity similar to that of early pregnancy factor after mating sows
      with a vasectomized boar.
AB  - Incubation of normal pig lymphocytes in serum samples collected from 10 sows
      immediately before, and at daily intervals after mating with a vasectomized boar
      significantly elevated the rosette inhibition titre (RIT) of a standard
      antilymphocyte serum in 6 animals on the first but not on the 2nd and 3rd day
      after copulation. Infusion of seminal plasma without mating into 5 sows induced
      an obvious, but not statistically significant, transient rise of titres in 3
      pigs. Neither sodium chloride infusion (N = 5), nor sham copulation with diverted
      penis (N = 5) influenced serum RITs. Porcine seminal plasma showed an inherent
      rosette-inhibiting property. A depression of rosette formation was evident in a
      concentration-dependent fashion up to a dilution of 1 in 320. Similarly,
      preincubation of lymphocytes in serial dilutions of seminal plasma in a non
      pregnancy serum sample led to an amplification of the rosette inhibiting capacity
      of the antilymphocyte serum. Non-specific activation of the eggs to release a
      signal which induces the production of early pregnancy factor (EPF) or the
      resorption of seminal plasma components into the blood circulation are considered
      as possible explanations for the EPF-like activity after mating with a
      vasectomized boar.

PMID- 4020774
TI  - Effect of oestradiol-17 beta on ovarian and serum concentrations of relaxin
      during the second half of pregnancy in the rat.
AB  - Immunoactivity concentrations of ovarian relaxin, serum relaxin and serum
      progesterone were determined from Day 12 through Day 18 of pregnancy in rats
      treated with oil or oestradiol-17 beta after hysterectomy or hypophysectomy and
      hysterectomy on Day 12. Relaxin and progesterone concentrations increased between
      Days 12 and 18 in sham-operated rats but failed to increase or declined in oil
      treated hysterectomized or hypophysectomized-hysterectomized animals. Oestradiol
      treatment increased serum concentrations of relaxin and progesterone in
      hypophysectomized-hysterectomized rats on Day 15 and increased the concentrations
      of ovarian and serum relaxin and serum progesterone in hysterectomized rats on
      Day 18. These data are consistent with the concept that placental support for the
      promotion and maintenance of relaxin and progesterone concentrations from Day 12
      through Day 18 may be mediated, at least in part, through a common mechanism(s)
      which involves oestradiol.

PMID- 4020775
TI  - Effects of nicotine on oviducal blood flow and embryo development in the rat.
AB  - Nicotine (5.0 mg/kg) was injected (s.c.) twice daily on Day 1 or Days 1-4 or 1-5
      of pregnancy. Cumulative doses of nicotine retarded embryo cell cleavage and
      substantially reduced embryo cell number (saline vs nicotine: 42.5 +/- 1.7 vs
      22.1 +/- 1.9 nuclei/embryo, at 12:00 h on Day 5; P less than 0.05). However,
      treatment for even 1 day (Day 1) significantly reduced cell number (saline vs
      nicotine: 42.5 +/- 1.7 vs 30.5 +/- 0.9, at 12:00 h day on Day 5; P less than
      0.01). Nicotine injection also resulted in a marked and prolonged reduction in
      oviduct blood flow (pretreatment vs 90 min after nicotine: 0.61 +/- 0.06 vs 0.37
      +/- 0.10 ml/min . g-1; P less than 0.005). The results indicate that, in the rat,
      even a brief exposure to nicotine, the chief alkaloid of tobacco, reduces
      oviducal blood flow and the rate of embryo cell proliferation. The embryo is
      therefore susceptible to the effects of nicotine before implantation.

PMID- 4020776
TI  - Intraluminally injected oil induces changes in vascular permeability in the
      'sensitized' and 'non-sensitized' uterus of the mouse.
AB  - After suitable sensitization of ovariectomized mice with progesterone and
      oestradiol, the intrauterine instillation of oil produces a massive decidual cell
      reaction. Vascular permeability, as reflected by the extra-vascular accumulation
      of 125I-labelled human serum albumin, increased after oil instillation and was
      maintained at 2-3 times control values for at least the next 3 days. Although oil
      instillation did not produce a decidual response in females treated with
      progesterone alone, an increase in vascular permeability (about 2 times control
      levels) still occurred. This response peaked 8 h after oil instillation and was
      not maintained. These results indicate that the progesterone-dominated uterus
      which has not been sensitized with oestradiol cannot be viewed as completely
      unresponsive to the stimulus of oil and demonstrate that a marked increase in
      vascular permeability is not itself sufficient to induce decidualization of
      progesterone-dominated uterine stromal cells. The uterine extravascular
      accumulation of 125I-labelled albumin was increased both in association with
      tribromoethanol anaesthesia and after oestradiol treatment of progesterone-primed
      animals. In pregnant mice, the appearance of Pontamine Sky Blue spots provided an
      earlier indication of implantation than did determination of total uterine
      extravascular 125I-labelled albumin accumulation.

PMID- 4020777
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to cross-reactive
      antigens of human and porcine zonae pellucidae.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), 3A4-2G1, 1D5-2B7 and 1F2-1B8 were produced
      against heat-solubilized porcine zona pellucida (ZP). Each Mab stained intact ZP
      but no other pig tissues using immunofluorescence staining. All three Mabs
      stained selectively zonae pellucidae (ZPe) from pigs and humans but not from
      hamsters, rats or mice, and showed no inhibitory effect on sperm binding to human
      oocytes. When goat antiserum to mouse gamma-globulin was added to human oocytes
      pre-treated with 3A4-2G1 or 1D5-2B7, sperm binding to oocytes was completely
      blocked with formation of immune precipitates around them. SDS-PAGE analysis of
      the immune precipitates of 125I-labeled porcine zona proteins and Mab showed that
      the antigen binding 3A4-2G1 was mainly composed of components with approximate
      molecular weights of 92,000, 65,000 and 23,000 and the antigen binding 1D5-2B7
      contained two components with approximate molecular weights of 57,000 and 49,000,
      respectively. The epitope of ZP antigen, corresponding to 3A4-2G1, was found to
      be present in the molecule of 92,000 daltons as demonstrated by enzyme
      immunostaining of the proteins after blotting to nitrocellulose membrane from SDS
      PAGE gels.

PMID- 4020778
TI  - Differential effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin on lymphocyte proliferation
      induced by mitogens.
AB  - Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) inhibits the lymphoproliferative responses of
      human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and
      concanavalin A (Con A) at 10-50 IU of hCG/ml (P less than 0.05). hCG inhibited
      poorly the response of PBM to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) at concentration up to 100
      IU/ml. When monocytes were removed from the PBM population with columns of
      Sephadex G10 the inhibitory effect of hCG on PHA- and Con A-induced
      lymphoproliferation was reduced, with inhibition occurring only at a level of 100
      IU of hCG/ml. These results suggest that hCG does not inhibit equally the
      proliferative response of all lymphocyte subsets and further that cells of the
      monocyte/macrophage series may play a role in its action on lymphocyte
      proliferation.

PMID- 4020779
TI  - Pregnant and pseudopregnant mice produce a low cytotoxic alloantibody response
      when challenged by fetal but not adult F1 alloantigens.
AB  - The tertiary cytotoxic alloantibody response of syngeneically pregnant,
      pseudopregnant and non-pregnant BALB/c mice immunised with semi-allogeneic
      lymphocytes from fetal and adult (CBA X BALB/c)F1 donors was investigated by the
      microcytotoxicity method. The pregnant and pseudopregnant animals showed a
      significantly lower response to fetal alloantigens compared to that towards adult
      alloantigens (P less than 0.001). In contrast, control non-pregnant recipients
      showed no diminution of response to fetal alloantigens. These observations
      suggest that the hormonal status of pregnancy, even in the absence of a
      conceptus, permits a low cytotoxicity antibody response when challenged
      specifically by fetal, but not when challenged by adult, F1 alloantigens.

PMID- 4020780
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of antibody during placental transmission of
      immunity in rats.
AB  - Autologous anti-horseradish peroxidase antibody has been localized in pregnant
      rats at various levels through placental membranes en passage to fetal
      circulation. The antibody was complexed in situ with the antigen and the
      resulting complex was made visible electron microscopically by
      immunohistochemical techniques. Visceral yolk-sac membranes from fetuses during
      the last half of gestation, viz. at 12, 17, and 22 days gestation, were so
      examined; differences were noted in the localization of cytochemical reaction
      product at increasing gestational ages. In yolk-sac endodermal epithelium at 12
      days, the product was identified on receptor areas at the free surface of the
      epithelium, in a system of endocytosed clathrin-coated vesicles, or endosomes,
      within a closely related apical canalicular system, and stored in subapical
      vacuoles. Uptake and storage appeared markedly reduced in membranes taken at 17
      days and was least apparent at 22 days (the day before term). Moreover, the
      product of antibody localization was not identified in the apical canaliculi at
      the two later stages. It is believed that most antibody had been hydrolyzed by
      these later stages. However, at the latest stage, reaction product also was
      identified in small vesicles in the basal cytoplasm of the endodermal epithelium
      and in the endothelium of vitelline (i.e., fetal) capillaries. These
      morphological results suggest that during the latter half of pregnancy antibody
      is absorbed; it is stored and hydrolyzed early on, and is transferred to fetal
      circulation only near term, a conclusion in close accord with what is known
      physiologically about prenatal transmission of immunity in this species.

PMID- 4020781
TI  - Immunoglobulin G in the decidua basalis and metrial gland of the pregnant mouse
      uterus.
AB  - The distribution of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the decidua basalis and metrial
      gland of the mouse uterus at days 10 and 14 of pregnancy has been investigated
      using immunohistochemical methods. IgG was found in the intercellular spaces but
      none was found in decidual cells, stromal cells of the metrial gland or
      granulated metrial gland cells. These results differ from those of other studies
      which have localised IgG in the cytoplasm of rat granulated metrial gland cells.

PMID- 4020782
TI  - Diagnosis of genital Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections.
AB  - Genital Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma have been implicated in pelvic inflammatory
      disease, puerperal infections, septic abortions, low birth weight, nongonococcal
      urethritis and prostatitis as well as spontaneous abortion and infertility. An
      unequivocal diagnosis of infection with these organisms can be made only after
      properly obtained specimens have been evaluated with the use of selective
      cultures.

PMID- 4020783
TI  - Assessing the number of genital chlamydial infections in the United States.
AB  - The prevalence and incidence of genital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis
      have not yet been determined for broadly based populations within the United
      States. Largely on the basis of results of prevalence studies from sexually
      transmitted disease clinics, it has been estimated that C. trachomatis infections
      are the most common of all sexually transmitted infections and may number 3-5
      million cases annually. C. trachomatis isolation rates range from 50% to 80% in
      certain diseases known to be caused by Chlamydia and from 10% to 30% in sexually
      active female adolescents and approximately 5% in college women. Cheaper, more
      sensitive and widely available diagnostic tests are necessary to adequately
      define the epidemiology of genital Chlamydia infections in the U.S.

PMID- 4020784
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis is found worldwide and is probably the most common sexually
      transmitted disease, infecting both females and males, adults as well as
      children. The organism is responsible for a variety of infections in women-
      urethral syndrome, cervicitis, endometritis and salpingitis. C. trachomatis may
      colonize the lower genital tract and result in asymptomatic infection, ultimately
      resulting in sterility. In addition, infection of the female genital tract during
      pregnancy may result in spontaneous abortion, premature labor, postpartum
      endometritis, neonatal conjunctivitis or pneumonia.

PMID- 4020785
TI  - Mullerian dysgenesis.
AB  - The multifaceted syndrome of mullerian dysgenesis appears to represent a defect
      in mesodermal organization and is often associated with renal and skeletal
      anomalies. This report discusses the embryology, multifactorial etiology,
      clinical presentation and management of the syndrome from a historical standpoint
      and details our experience with 35 affected patients. Both Frank dilatation and
      McIndoe vaginoplasty appear to be acceptable means of therapy. The therapeutic
      success depends to a large extent on the psychosocial adaptation of the patient.

PMID- 4020786
TI  - Thermography as a risk indicator of breast cancer. Results of a study and a
      review of the recent literature.
AB  - Because of recent data suggesting that about 40% of patients with a positive
      thermogram may subsequently develop breast cancer, a review of the data from the
      Cincinnati Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) was undertaken.
      Of the 1,260 patients with more than one positive thermogram from 1973 to 1976,
      1.9% subsequently developed breast cancer from 1977 to 1983. That finding was not
      significantly different from the 1.3% of patients who developed cancer and never
      had a positive thermogram. A critical review of the recent literature on the
      subject reinforces the BCDDP findings.

PMID- 4020787
TI  - Comparison of amniotic fluid optical density, L/S ratio and creatinine
      concentration in predicting fetal pulmonary maturity.
AB  - The optical density of amniotic fluid at 650 nm (OD650) has been proposed as a
      rapid means of assessing fetal pulmonary maturity. Two hundred eighty-two
      amniotic fluid samples were analyzed for OD650, L/S ratio and creatinine
      concentration, and those values were related to the infants' pulmonary outcome.
      Among those infants delivered within 72 hours of amniocentesis, pulmonary
      maturity was predicted accurately in 98.3% by the OD650, 97.7% by the L/S ratio
      and 97.6% by the creatinine concentration. All three tests were unreliable in
      predicting pulmonary complications when the tests revealed pulmonary immaturity.
      OD650 values were found to vary inversely with centrifugation speed, reaffirming
      the need for standardized processing techniques to achieve reliable results.
      Marked discrepancies occurred between the diagnoses given by three neonatologists
      asked to retrospectively evaluate the likely etiology of pulmonary problems in
      nine infants suspected of having respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 4020788
TI  - Contraction stress testing with nipple stimulation.
AB  - The contraction stress test (CST) is used widely as a measure of fetoplacental
      respiratory reserve. With contractions traditionally induced by intravenous
      oxytocin, the test has been limited in its use by time, expense and patient
      discomfort. In a prospective evaluation of the effectiveness of nipple
      stimulation for the production of uterine contractions, a successful CST was
      obtained in 94% of the attempts, with a mean total test time of 12 minutes.

PMID- 4020789
TI  - High-risk obstetrics. The three-year experience of four subspecialists.
AB  - The development of maternal-fetal medicine as a subspecialty in obstetrics and
      gynecology is fairly new. The specialists involved in this area are usually
      hospital based and involved in multiple activities, including teaching,
      administration and research. The role of this subspecialist as a provider of
      primary care to a high-risk obstetric population is important but has not been
      reported on previously. In this context high-risk obstetrics refers to
      intercurrent obstetric problems, previous obstetric problems, previous medical
      problems, infertility and the supposedly high-risk group of physicians and
      physicians' wives.

PMID- 4020790
TI  - Clinical significance of focal pelvic endometriosis.
AB  - Clinical findings in a group of infertile patients with endometriosis were
      reviewed to determine if minimal (focal) disease exerted an effect on
      reproductive outcome. Focal disease, defined as isolated implants less than or
      equal to 5 mm without pelvic adhesions or anatomic distortion, was found in 69
      patients, with 35% manifesting menstrual dysfunction/anovulation. Patients with
      focal disease were divided into two groups: those treated with danazol (400-800
      mg) daily for six months and those not treated. Conception occurred in 71% of the
      danazol-treated patients and 30% of the untreated ones. These results suggest
      that focal endometriosis does influence reproductive performance and that
      infertile patients with focal disease should be treated more aggressively with
      the available medical regimens, particularly when the infertility is of
      significant duration or when routine therapy has failed.

PMID- 4020791
TI  - The CO2 laser for recurrent and therapy-resistant condylomata acuminata.
AB  - The medical records of 48 patients who underwent laser vaporization of therapy
      resistant or recurrent condylomata acuminata were studied with regard to history
      of immunosuppression, location of original lesion, type and duration of therapy,
      and whether magnification devices were used prior to or during therapy. The
      genitalia of the patients' sexual partners were examined in all cases in which
      the condylomata recurred after initial control of the lesions with conventional
      methods. In 46 of the 48 cases, possible reasons for the failure of conventional
      therapy could be found: unresponsive to chemical therapy (11 patients);
      reinfection by the sexual partner (4); immunosuppression (8); several factors
      (6); and incomplete eradication of the lesion (20). Thirty-eight of the 48
      patients (79%) were treated successfully with one-time laser ablation of the
      lesions. Six patients with recurrent condylomata after laser therapy underwent a
      second laser treatment, and four of the six patients (total, 87%) have remained
      free of disease. The laser appears to be an effective method of treatment for
      recurrent or persistent condylomata acuminata provided that (1) the patient is
      not immunosuppressed, (2) the potentially infected sexual partner is examined and
      treated, if necessary, and (3) the external genitalia, including the anus, vagina
      and cervix, are carefully examined colposcopically to rule out the persistence of
      small lesions.

PMID- 4020793
TI  - Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with severe preeclampsia and
      pulmonary artery catheterization. A case report.
AB  - A pulmonary artery catheter was placed in a parturient whose 33-week gestation
      was complicated by severe preeclampsia and pulmonary edema. Cesarean delivery was
      performed for both maternal and fetal indications. During the second
      postoperative day the patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation;
      subsequently she experienced sudden cardiopulmonary arrest and died. Autopsy
      revealed multiple pulmonary thromboemboli and trivalvular nonbacterial thrombotic
      endocarditis.

PMID- 4020792
TI  - Influence of menstrual cycle variations on natural killer cytotoxicity and
      antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to cells infected with herpes simplex
      virus.
AB  - Natural killer cytotoxicity (NKC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
      (ADCC) represent the ability of human leukocytes to destroy target cells. Those
      systems have been shown to influence herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections.
      Prostaglandins are known to inhibit these nonspecific immunologic defenses. Since
      prostaglandin production varies with the menstrual cycle, this study was
      undertaken to test for variations in cytotoxic activity against HSV-infected
      cells during the proliferative, secretory and menstrual phases in 13 normal
      volunteers. NKC and ADCC activity was not statistically different between the
      three menstrual phases when testing was done for both mononuclear and
      polymorphonuclear cells from donor sera. This study suggested that NKC and ADCC
      cannot be used to explain anecdotal experiences suggesting menstrual variations
      as a triggering mechanism for HSV recurrences.

PMID- 4020794
TI  - Oxygen--friend and foe.

PMID- 4020795
TI  - Prevention of recurrent spontaneous abortions by leukocyte transfusions.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-nine couples referred because of recurrent abortions with
      no obvious cause were assessed for genetic similarity using the HLA major
      histocompatibility system. Comparison with 103 fertile control couples
      demonstrated that a much higher proportion of couples in the abortion group
      shared two or more HLA antigens. Using this criterion, 44 wives out of the 139
      couples referred, when compared with a child-bearing group, appeared to share a
      greater than expected number of histocompatibility antigens and were therefore
      considered suitable for treatment. Twenty-eight wives have received treatment
      with white cell infusions from erythrocyte-compatible donors and so far they have
      delivered 17 babies plus 2 second babies. Another 3 wives are pregnant beyond
      their previous dates for abortions (1 first and 2 second pregnancies). There have
      been 5 failures (4 first pregnancy and 1 second pregnancy); one of these was
      treated a second time and has now successfully delivered. Seven couples are
      awaiting conception. Of the patients who have become pregnant, 81.5% have had
      successful deliveries. No adverse transfusion reactions have been observed.

PMID- 4020796
TI  - Evaluation of the plain abdominal X-ray in the acute abdomen.
AB  - The prognostic value of an erect and supine abdominal X-ray was studied
      prospectively in 97 patients with an acute abdomen. Although 64 (66%) of the
      radiographs showed an abnormality, the surgical registrar altered his clinical
      diagnosis on only seven occasions and changed his management on four. A
      consultant radiologist was the most accurate at reporting the X-rays even without
      seeing the patient, whilst junior surgical and radiological staff were as
      accurate as each other. A surgical registrar, however, was more accurate than
      junior radiologists in making a diagnosis. The investigation was of immediate
      clinical value in only 4% of the patients, and its use could probably be limited
      without detriment to patients.

PMID- 4020797
TI  - Complications of saturation diving.
AB  - The experience of 458 man-dives with 731 excursions between 50 m and 300 m
      carried out by Royal Navy saturation divers is summarized. During saturation
      decompression there were 6 treated bends and 33 reported niggles. Two bends
      occurred in dives deeper than 249 m and the remaining 4 bends occurred in dives
      where decompression began in much less than the saturation stop time after
      completion of downward excursions. There was one case of vestibular system
      decompression sickness after an excursion to 300 m. It is concluded that the
      decompression table is effective in use shallower than 150 m but that the risk
      increases with greater depth. There is, however, only limited experience in the
      deeper range. There is no evidence that chamber compression with air to 10 m
      adversely affects decompression from deeper than 50 m. An account of the medical
      and physiological conditions affecting divers in these dives is given.

PMID- 4020798
TI  - Microcomputers in clinical research: discussion paper.

PMID- 4020799
TI  - Wormwood Scrubs Annexe--a therapeutic community within a prison: discussion
      paper.

PMID- 4020800
TI  - Cartesian dualism and the current crisis in medicine--a plea for a philosophical
      approach: discussion paper.

PMID- 4020802
TI  - Pelvic actinomycosis presenting with rectal stricture.

PMID- 4020801
TI  - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and XYY hypogonadism.

PMID- 4020803
TI  - Headache due to ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 4020804
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus with anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus
      anticoagulant syndrome.

PMID- 4020805
TI  - Munchausen's syndrome with multiple pulmonary manifestations.

PMID- 4020806
TI  - Validity of alternative allergy practices.

PMID- 4020807
TI  - Foreign body sensation in the throat.

PMID- 4020808
TI  - High-dose dihydrocodeine produces hyperalgesia.

PMID- 4020809
TI  - A haemorrhagic syndrome in recently weaned pigs ascribed to hypovitaminosis K.
AB  - An outbreak of a haemorrhagic syndrome involved recently weaned, mixed-breed pigs
      in a large piggery. The pigs were fed a pelleted complete ration containing
      antibacterial drugs. Affected pigs failed to grow, became pale and developed
      large, subcutaneous haematomas. Some pigs became lame and one had epistaxis. The
      monthly mortality rate in the weaner house, which was previously less than 2%,
      exceeded 6% during the outbreak. Coagulation time, activated partial
      thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were prolonged in blood from some of the
      pigs. The outbreak resolved promptly after supplementation of the diet with
      vitamin K3.

PMID- 4020810
TI  - Infertility in a Maltese poodle as a result of a sperm midpiece defect.
AB  - A 2 1/2-year-old Maltese poodle was examined for breeding soundness following a
      series of unsuccessful matings to fertile bitches. He was found to have only 8%
      normal sperm in his ejaculate when Spermac-stained smears were examined under the
      light microscope. The defect most frequently encountered involved the midpiece
      attachment, and the various manifestations of disintegration found in this region
      are described and illustrated. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy
      confirmed light microscopical findings.

PMID- 4020811
TI  - Suspected Tyzzer's disease in two foals.
AB  - Tyzzer's disease was diagnosed histologically in two foals, a 4-week-old
      Thoroughbred cross and a 6-week-old Arabian foal. Clinically both foals were in
      good health prior to a short illness lasting only a few hours. The liver lesions
      in both foals were characterized microscopically by multiple foci of necrosis.
      Variable numbers of elongated slender intracytoplasmic bacilli resembling
      Bacillus piliformis were demonstrated within hepatocytes bordering the necrotic
      foci.

PMID- 4020812
TI  - Endodontic therapy on an African lion (Panthera leo).
AB  - The endodontic therapy used on an African lion was similar to procedures
      performed on humans and other exotic animals with the same condition. The
      procedure involved removal of the pulpal tissue to the apex of the root in three
      canine teeth. The internal aspect of the root canal was sterilized and filled
      with a rubber-like material (gutta percha) which was cemented in place. Chrome
      cobalt alloy crowns were fabricated and cemented to the top two canine teeth. The
      lower canine tooth received a silver amalgam restoration.

PMID- 4020813
TI  - Treatment of malignant epulis in the dog.

PMID- 4020814
TI  - Mycotoxins.

PMID- 4020815
TI  - Preliminary results of non-surgical intra-uterine insemination of sheep with
      thawed frozen semen.
AB  - Non-surgical intra-uterine insemination was achieved in 70 of 97 ewes (72%). Of
      the 70 ewes in which intra-uterine thawed semen was deposited, a total of 50 ewes
      (71%) conceived. Routine use of this technique is not at present foreseen due to
      the complicated and time consuming nature of the procedure.

PMID- 4020816
TI  - Valsiekte (falling disease): a nervous disorder in lambs suspected of being
      caused by the plant Chrysocoma tenuifolia.
AB  - A description is given of the clinical signs and pathological changes in 23 field
      cases of valsiekte from the Bethulie region of the Orange Free State, Republic of
      South Africa. The disease, which occurred almost exclusively in 2-4 month-old
      Dorper or Dorper cross-bred lambs, was characterized by protracted ataxia,
      paresis and high mortality. Microscopical changes were consistently found in the
      neurons and white matter along the entire length of the spinal cord, and rarely
      in the medulla oblongata. These changes included vacuolation and degeneration of
      neurons, mainly of the lateral and ventral horns in the spinal cord, and a status
      spongiosus which was most noticeable in the lateral and ventral tracts of the
      spinal cord. All affected lambs had access to the plant, Chrysocoma tenuifolia
      (bitterbos), but trials to reproduce the condition by dosing the plant, were not
      successful.

PMID- 4020817
TI  - Blood chemical and electrolyte concentrations in the ostrich Struthio camelus.
AB  - Serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, iron, total magnesium,
      total calcium, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase,
      creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate transaminase, urea,
      creatinine, total protein, albumin and plasma glucose were determined in 49
      ostriches (Struthio camelus) kept under semi-extensive conditions.

PMID- 4020818
TI  - Different banding techniques for the study of bovine chromosomes.
AB  - The different banding techniques R-, Q-, C-, NOR- and G-banding allow the
      identification of individual chromosomes in cattle with greater accuracy than
      with undifferentiated Giemsa staining. These techniques show characteristic bands
      on each chromosome and are therefore very useful and reliable for the detection
      of chromosomal abnormalities.

PMID- 4020819
TI  - [The incidence of clinical cases in a peri-urban farm animal practice].
AB  - The incidence of clinical cases in farm animals encountered in the ambulatory
      practice at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, is
      discussed. In a 3 year period 4 013 clinical cases were seen; these did not
      include cases seen during herd examinations. The diagnoses made are grouped under
      infectious diseases (19,6%), nonspecific inflammatory conditions (17,3%), gastro
      intestinal conditions (9,7%), gynaecological conditions and procedures (14,5%),
      surgical conditions and procedures (26%), toxicological conditions (3,7%),
      metabolic diseases (1,5%), nutritional abnormalities (2,4%) and miscellaneous
      conditions.

PMID- 4020820
TI  - Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis diagnosed in Natal.
AB  - Nine feedlot cattle showed clinical signs consistent with those expected in
      thromboembolic meningoencephalitis. These signs included pyrexia, ataxia,
      posterior paresis, paralysis and coma. Brown necrotic foci with haemorrhagic
      borders were observed in the brains of three animals that had died. In these foci
      vasculitis, thrombosis, infarction and neutrophil infiltration were observed
      during microscopical examination. Haemophilus somnus was isolated in pure culture
      from the brains.

PMID- 4020821
TI  - Guidelines for bacterial counts on carcases at Cato Ridge abattoir.
AB  - The agar sausage technique was used to make an assessment of the surface aerobic
      bacterial levels of refrigerated beef, mutton and pork carcases at Cato Ridge
      abattoir by taking agar imprints from selected sites on the surfaces of carcases.
      It was shown that half of the 297 beef carcases examined had less than 200
      aerobes cm-2, half of the 298 mutton carcases less than 250 aerobes cm-2 and half
      the 299 pork carcases less than 134 aerobes cm-2. These counts are utilised as
      guidelines to identify breakdowns in hygiene at the abattoir.

PMID- 4020822
TI  - Psoralenamines. 3. Synthesis, pharmacological behavior, and DNA binding of 5
      (aminomethyl)-8-methoxy-, 5-[[(3-aminopropyl)oxy]methyl]-, and 8-[(3
      aminopropyl)oxy]psoralen derivatives.
AB  - A series of derivatives of 5-(aminomethyl)-8-methoxypsoralens, 8-[(3
      aminopropyl)oxy]psoralens, and 5-[[[3-(tri-methylammonio)propyl]methyl]-8
      methoxypsoralen has been synthesized and their potential as PUVA reagents
      examined. While the DNA association constants of selected psoralens were found to
      be 10(5)-10(6)L mol-1, corresponding to efficient binding, flow linear dichroism
      studies indicated that only the 8-substituted psoralens bind to DNA by
      intercalation. Furthermore, the ability to photoinduce interstrand cross-links in
      calf thymus DNA, in vitro, was as efficient as that of 8-methoxypsoralen for the
      8-substituted psoralens, which were up to 25 times as efficient as the 5
      substituted psoralens. Four of the psoralens studied were radiolabeled and used
      to study photobinding to DNA. Analogously to the cross-binding results, the 8
      substituted psoralens were more efficiently photobound than the 5-substituted,
      while only slight differences were found in the photobinding-cross-linking ratio.
      The photoreactivity of the aminopsoralens toward cyclohexene and 2'
      deoxythymidine was enhanced compared to that of 8-methoxypsoralen, the effect
      being most pronounced when the amino group is close to the furocoumarin ring
      system. Most of the new compounds were less photocytotoxic than 8-methoxypsoralen
      to NHIK 3025 cells, in vitro, and they caused less light-induced DNA interstrand
      cross-linking, in situ, in these cells. A clear correlation between the
      photocytotoxicity and the DNA cross-linking ability of the psoralens was
      observed. Several of the derivatives showed more pronounced effects in the light
      dependent skin thickening (inflammatory) test on mice than 8-methoxypsoralen. No
      correlation between DNA cross-linking capacity, in vitro, and skin phototoxicity
      was found for this series of psoralens.

PMID- 4020823
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of 6-azacadeguomycin and certain 3,4,6
      trisubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ribonucleosides.
AB  - Several 3,4,6-trisubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ribonucleosides were
      prepared and tested for their biological activity. High-temperature glycosylation
      of 3,6-dibromoallopurinol with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranose in
      the presence of BF3 X OEt2, followed by ammonolysis, provided 6-amino-3-bromo-1
      beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrazolo-[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-on e. Similar glycosylation
      of either 3-bromo-4(5H)-oxopyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl methyl sulfoxide or 6
      amino-3-bromopyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one, and subsequent ammonolysis,
      also gave 7a. The structural assignment of 7a was on the basis of spectral
      studies, as well as its conversion to the reported guanosine analogue 1d.
      Application of this glycosylation procedure to 6-(methylthio)-4(5H)
      oxopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide gave the corresponding N-1 glycosyl
      derivative. Dethiation and debenzoylation of 16a provided an alternate route to
      the recently reported 3-carbamoylallopurinol ribonucleoside thus confirming the
      structural assignment of 16a and the nucleosides derived therefrom. Oxidation of
      16a and subsequent ammonolysis afforded 6-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4(5H)
      oxopyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide. Alkaline treatment of 15a gave 6
      azacadeguomycin. Acetylation of 15a, followed by dehydration with phosgene,
      provided the versatile intermediate 6-amino-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D
      ribofuranosyl)-4(5H)-oxopyrazolo [3, 4-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile. Deacetylation
      of 19 gave 6-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4(5H)-oxopyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine-3
      carbonitrile. Reaction of 19 with H2S gave 6-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4(5H)
      oxopyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine-3-thiocarboxamide. All of these compounds were
      tested in vitro against certain viruses and tumor cells. Among these compounds,
      the guanosine analogues 7a and 20a showed significant activity against measles in
      vitro and were found to exhibit moderate antitumor activity in vitro against
      L1210 and P388 leukemia. 6-Azacadeguomycin and all other compounds were inactive
      against the viruses and tumor cells tested in vitro.

PMID- 4020824
TI  - Syntheses and evaluation as antifolates of MTX analogues derived from 2, omega
      diaminoalkanoic acids.
AB  - Methotrexate (MTX) analogues 27a-c bearing 2, omega-diaminoalkanoic acids
      (ornithine and its two lower homologues) in place of glutamic acid were
      synthesized by routes proceeding through N2-[4-(methylamino)benzoyl]-N omega
      [(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]-2, omega-diaminoalkanoic acid ethyl esters and N2
      [4-(methylamino)benzoyl]-N5-[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]-2, 5-diaminopentanoic
      acid followed by alkylation with 6-(bromomethyl)-2, 4-pteridinediamine
      hydrobromide. Reactions at the terminal amino group of 27-type analogues or of
      appropriate precursors led to other MTX derivatives whose side chains terminate
      in ureido, methylureido, N-methyl-N-nitrosoureido, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N
      nitrosoureido, and 4-chlorobenzamido groups. Also prepared were unsymmetrically
      disubstituted ureido types resulting from addition of ethyl isocyanatoacetate and
      diethyl 2-isocyanatoglutarate to the ethyl esters of 27a,b. Of these ureido
      adducts (32a,b and 33a,b, respectively), only 33a was successfully hydrolyzed to
      the corresponding pure acid, in this instance the tricarboxylic acid 34, a pseudo
      peptide analogue of the MTX metabolite MTX-gamma-Glu. Biological evaluations of
      the prepared compounds affirmed previous findings that the gamma-carboxyl is not
      required for tight binding to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) but is operative in
      the carrier-mediated transport of classical antifolates through cell membranes.
      High tolerance levels observed in studies against L1210 leukemia in mice suggest
      the reduced potency may be due not only to lower transport efficacy but also to
      loss of the function of intracellular gamma-polyglutamylation. The N-nitrosoureas
      30 and 31 showed appreciable activity in vivo vs. L1210, but the activity did not
      appear to be due to antifolate action as evidenced by their poor inhibition of
      both L1210 DHFR and cell growth in vitro.

PMID- 4020826
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor activity of structural analogues of the anticancer
      benzophenanthridine alkaloid fagaronine chloride.
AB  - The indenoisoquinoline analogue 4 of fagaronine chloride (2) has been prepared,
      as well as its positional isomer 20 and the corresponding mesylated derivatives
      16 and 19. Compounds 4, 16, and 20 were tested against P388 lymphocytic leukemia
      and found to possess significant activity. A tricyclic analogue 24 was also
      synthesized and was devoid of cytotoxicity in the KB cancer cell culture system.
      The change in the substitution pattern of the A-ring on going from 4 to 20 was
      tolerated without producing a significant decrease in antitumor activity.

PMID- 4020825
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor activity of tropolone derivatives. 2.
AB  - Structural requirement for antitumor activity of tropolone derivatives 2-4 was
      explored. Isochroman derivatives (6-17, 20, and 23) and alpha, alpha
      disubstituted compounds 26-30 were synthesized and their antitumor activities
      were tested. These nontroponoid derivatives were all inactive, implying that a
      tropolone ring is essential for the activity. Several compounds related to the
      monotropolone analogue 3 were synthesized. Among them, 31-33 showed significant
      activity, but their potencies were considerably weaker than those of binary
      tropolone analogues 4.

PMID- 4020827
TI  - Synthesis and antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of 5-aroyl-1,2-dihydro-3H
      pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acids and related compounds.
AB  - 5-Acyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acids and the homologous
      pyridine and azepine derivatives were synthesized and assayed for
      antiinflammatory and analgesic activity. 5-Benzoyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo-[1,2
      a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid and the corresponding p-methoxy compound 74 were
      selected for evaluation as analgesic agents in humans on the basis of their high
      potency in the mouse phenylquinone writhing assay as well as on their minimal
      liability to elicit gastrointestinal erosion in rats on chronic administration.
      Extensive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies of the
      benzoylpyrrolopyrrolecarboxylic acids have demonstrated that the analgesic (mouse
      writhing) and antiinflammatory (rat carrageenan paw) potencies of these compounds
      are satisfactorily correlated with the steric and hydrogen-bonding properties of
      the benzoyl substituent(s). The 4-vinylbenzoyl compound 95, which was correctly
      predicted to be highly active in both assays on this basis, is undergoing
      advanced pharmacological evaluation in animals as a potential antiinflammatory
      agent.

PMID- 4020828
TI  - Vinblastin-23-oyl amino acid derivatives: chemistry, physicochemical data,
      toxicity, and antitumor activities against P388 and L1210 leukemias.
AB  - The dimeric alkaloids vinblastine (VLB) and vincristine (VCR) differ structurally
      only in the functional group on the dihydroindole nitrogen. The semisynthetic
      derivative vindesine (VDS) differs slightly from VLB by having an amide group
      instead of an ester group. However, these minor distinctions are responsible for
      profound differences in the oncolytic spectrum, potency, and toxicity of these
      compounds. Vinblastin-23-oyl amino acid derivatives were synthesized by linking
      amino acid carboxylic esters to the vinblastin-23-oyl moiety through an amide
      linkage. Studies were extended to explore the influence of the nature of the
      amino acid, the ester alkyl chain lengths, the stereoisomerism of the amino acid,
      or the reacetylation of the hydroxyl group (position O-4) of the vindoline
      moiety. The present study deals with the synthesis of 21 vinblastin-23-oyl amino
      acid derivatives, some of their physicochemical data, the acute toxicity in mice,
      and therapeutic activities of these derivatives against the P388 and L1210
      leukemias in comparison with VDS, VBL, and VCR.

PMID- 4020829
TI  - Decomposition reactions of (hydroxyalkyl) nitrosoureas and related compounds:
      possible relationship to carcinogenicity.
AB  - (Hydroxyalkyl)nitrosoureas and the related cyclic carbamates N
      nitrosooxazolidones are potent carcinogens. The decompositions of four such
      compounds, 1-nitroso-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)urea (I), 3-nitrosooxazolid-2-one (II), 1
      nitroso-1-(2-hydroxypropyl)urea (III), and 5-methyl-3-nitrosooxazolid-2-one (IV),
      in aqueous buffers at physiological pH were studied to determine if any obvious
      differences in decomposition pathways could account for the variety of tumors
      obtained from these four compounds. The products predicted by the literature
      mechanisms for nitrosourea and nitrosooxazolidone decompositions (which were
      derived from experiments at pH 10-12) were indeed the products formed, including
      glycols, active carbonyl compounds, epoxides, and, from the oxazolidones, cyclic
      carbonates. Furthermore, it was shown that in pH 6.4-7.4 buffer epoxides were
      stable reaction products. However, in the presence of hepatocytes, most of the
      epoxide was converted to glycol. The analytical methods developed were then
      applied to the analysis of the decomposition products of some related
      dialkylnitrosoureas, and similar results were obtained. The formation of
      chemically reactive secondary products and the possible relevance of these
      results to carcinogenesis studies are discussed.

PMID- 4020830
TI  - Structure-activity relationship in PAF-acether. 2. rac-1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-acetyl-3
      O-[gamma-(dimethylamino)propyl]glycerol .
AB  - Two products without phosphoryl groups, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-acetyl-3-O-[gamma
      (dimethylamino)propyl]glycerol and its quaternary salt, were synthesized from 1-O
      octadecyl-2-O-benzylglycerol. In comparison with PAF-acether, they lost
      aggregating and bronchoconstrictive activities and did not show any antagonistic
      effects.

PMID- 4020831
TI  - Correlation of structure and activity in ansamycins: structure, conformation, and
      interactions of antibiotic rifamycin S.
AB  - The crystal and molecular structure of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
      inhibiting antibiotic rifamycin S (C37H45O12N) as a dihydrate has been
      determined, and the conformation necessary for activity has been correlated with
      those of other active rifamycins. The orthorhombic unit cell, space group P212121
      with dimensions of a = 13.010 (2), b = 14.236 (2), c = 20.571 (4) A, contains 4
      molecules. The structure was solved by a combination of vector search and direct
      methods and refined anisotropically to an R factor of 0.048 for 2855 reflections.
      The conformation of the ansa chain differs from those of rifampicin and rifamycin
      B but resembles that of rifamycin SV at the joining points, C(2) and C(12), of
      the ansa chain to the naphthoquinone chromophore. The middle part of the ansa
      chain, which is essential for its activity against the enzyme, has the same
      conformation as other active rifamycins. The effect of the 3-substitution on the
      ansa chain conformation is that the carboxyl (C(15) = O) group wings around the N
      C(16) direction, depending upon the electronegativity of the 3-substituent. The
      hydrogen bonding involves O(1), O(2), O(8), O(9), O(10), and the water molecules.
      A possible four-stage model for the interaction of the rifamycins with the enzyme
      DNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been speculated.

PMID- 4020832
TI  - Stereoselective antitumor properties in the Lewis lung carcinoma model using
      bis(morpholinomethyl) derivatives of tricyclic bis(dioxopiperazines).
AB  - Geometric isomers of 2,11-bis(morpholinomethyl)tetrahydrodipyrazino[1,2-a:2',1'
      c]pyraz ine-1, 3,10,12-(2H,4H,9H,11H)-tetrone (3 and 4) and the parent bisimides
      (1 and 2) were studied for their stereoselective antimetastatic activity in the
      Lewis Lung carcinoma model. The morpholinomethyl cis-syn-trans isomer 4 was more
      effective as an inhibitor of metastasis than the other three analogues. Using a
      postamputation protocol, the order of decreasing activity was cis
      morpholinomethyl analogue 4 greater than trans morpholinomethyl analogue 3
      greater than parent cis imide 2 greater than parent trans imide 1. Increased
      activity observed for the morpholinomethyl derivatives may reflect differences in
      solubility and delivery (prodrug) or an intrinsic antitumor activity of the
      morpholinomethyl-N functionality.

PMID- 4020833
TI  - Activity of platinum(II) intercalating agents against murine leukemia L1210.
AB  - Four series of intercalating, square-planar Pt(II) complexes derived from the
      ligands 2,2'-bipyridine, 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, and 3,4,7,8
      tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline were synthesized and aspects of their activity
      against murine leukemia L1210 cells investigated. The 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine
      thiolato complexes are growth inhibitory in culture, with IC50 values in the
      range 6-32 microM, and cause cell lysis at high concentrations. Of the remaining
      three series, the 2,2'-bipyridine complexes are the least potent in their
      effects. There is a general enhancement in activity on moving from the 1,10
      phenanthroline complexes to the 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline
      analogues. Flow cytometric analysis on representative complexes shows that they
      are not cell cycle specific. Alkaline elution experiments indicate no damage to
      DNA of cells exposed to (thiophenolato)(2,2':6',2"-terpyridine)platinum(II)
      chloride monohydrate and (ethylenediamine)(1,10-phenanthroline)platinum(II)
      dichloride dihydrate although (ethylenediamine)(3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10
      phenanthroline)platinum(II) dichloride dihydrate causes both single-strand breaks
      and DNA cross-links. Compounds 2a, 5a, and 6a showed no antitumor activity
      against L1210 in mice.

PMID- 4020834
TI  - Structural features of imidazole derivatives that enhance styrene oxide hydrolase
      activity in rat hepatic microsomes.
AB  - The present study is an investigation of the in vitro effects of several model
      imidazole compounds and three antifungal drugs on styrene oxide hydrolase
      activity in hepatic microsomes from control, PB-induced, and 3MC-induced rats. We
      first determined the influence of the position of substitution of a phenyl group
      in the imidazole or imidazoline ring on the ability of 10(-3) M concentration of
      the imidazole derivative to enhance microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity. This
      study showed that 1-phenylimidazole enhanced epoxide hydrolase activity to the
      greatest extent and that, for any one imidazole derivative, the extent of
      enhancement was similar for microsomes from untreated, PB-induced, or 3MC-induced
      rats. We next studied the potency and maximum effectiveness of several N-1
      substituted imidazole derivatives with differing lipophilicities and pKa values.
      Hansch analysis showed that potency for activating epoxide hydrolase correlated
      with both lipophilicity and electron-withdrawing effects of imidazole ring
      substituents. The most potent compounds had aryl or aralkyl substitutents at the
      1-position of imidazole and pKa in the range 7-9 and were clotrimazole,
      ketoconazole, miconazole, 1-benzylimidazole, and 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazole.
      These compounds enhanced styrene oxide hydrolase by 100% at concentrations less
      than 2 X 10(-4)M. 1-Benzylimidazole increased both Km and Vmax and abolished the
      inhibition observed at high concentrations of styrene oxide.

PMID- 4020835
TI  - Synthesis and antineoplastic evaluations of 5,8-bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]-1
      azaanthracene-9,10-diones.
AB  - Several 5,8-bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]-1-azaanthracene-9,10-diones have been
      synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia both in
      vitro and in vivo. Comparisons are made to the corresponding carbocyclic
      analogues. One of the aza analogues showed modest in vivo activity.

PMID- 4020837
TI  - Potential radiosensitizing agents. 7. 4(5)-Iodo-5(4)-nitroimidazole derivatives.
AB  - A series of 4(5)-iodo-5(4)-nitro-1-substituted-imidazoles has been synthesized
      and tested for their ability to selectively radiosensitize hypoxic Chinese
      hamster cells (V-79) to the lethal effect of radiation. The reaction of 4(5)-iodo
      5-(4)-nitroimidazole with 1,2-epoxy-3-methoxypropane and ethyl alpha
      chloroacetate produced two isomeric products in each case, which were identified
      by their NMR spectra. The ethyl esters were further reacted with 3-picolylamine
      to produce corresponding amides. The 5-iodo-4-nitroimidazole-1-N-(3
      picolyl)acetamide on further reaction with m-chloroperbenzoic acid produced the
      corresponding N-oxide. These compounds were generally more toxic to V-79 cells
      than the 2-nitroimidazole derivatives and were found to be more effective
      radiosensitizers in vitro. The 5-iodo-4-nitroimidazole derivatives were more
      efficient as sensitizers than the 4-iodo-5-nitroimidazole derivatives, and the
      sensitizing efficiency of this class of agents was found to have significant
      correlation with their partition coefficients.

PMID- 4020836
TI  - Pilocarpic acid esters as novel sequentially labile pilocarpine prodrugs for
      improved ocular delivery.

PMID- 4020838
TI  - Substrate probes for the mechanism of aromatic hydroxylation catalyzed by
      cytochrome P-450: selectively deuterated analogues of warfarin.
AB  - Optically pure analogues of (R)- and (S)-warfarin selectively deuterated in
      either the 6-, 7-, or 8-position were prepared and incubated with microsomal
      preparations from either nontreated, phenobarbital-pretreated, or beta
      naphthoflavone-pretreated male Sprague-Dawley rats. The amount of deuterium
      retained and the relative amount of hydroxylated product formed (6-, 7-, 8-, or
      4'-hydroxywarfarin) from each of the six substrates for each of the treatments
      were determined by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The degree of
      deuterium retention in all products from all substrates was largely independent
      of both absolute configuration and induction state. Conversely, the relative
      amounts of product formed were highly dependent upon both absolute configuration
      and induction state. These results suggest that all the hydroxylation reactions
      proceed through an addition rearrangement step prior to or in the absence of
      epoxide formation, which appears to be dictated by the nature of the heme-Fe3+
      oxene complex. In contrast, the position of hydroxylation or regioselectivity
      appears to be primarily dependent upon the nature of the apoprotein.

PMID- 4020839
TI  - Medical problem-solving: a critique of the literature.
AB  - Descriptive studies of clinical reasoning have been based primarily on an
      information-processing paradigm that has entailed microscopic analyses of the
      verbal behavior of small numbers of persons confronted with the task of making a
      diagnosis of a patient with symptoms of acute illness. From these studies,
      researchers have generally concluded: that medical problem-solving is an
      hypothetico-deductive process and that performance is not generalizable across
      problems. The author of the present paper argues that this narrow approach casts
      serious doubt on the validity of the conclusions and leaves unilluminated a large
      portion of the cognitive process involved in decisions about patient care. On the
      other hand, prescriptive, decision-analysis studies of medical problem-solving
      have generally been based on sophisticated decision theory that involves
      calculation and manipulation of complex probability and utility values in order
      to arrive at optimal decisions that will maximize patient benefits. While these
      prescriptive studies offer a methodology for improving clinical judgment, that
      methodology may not be one which decision-makers find attractive or feasible to
      employ.

PMID- 4020840
TI  - A comparison of medical students' performances in independent study and
      traditional programs.
AB  - Medical students at Ohio State University may study the basic medical sciences in
      an independent study program or in a conventional lecture-discussion program. In
      a study involving more than 2,000 students over a 10-year period, students
      pursuing the independent study program and students in the more traditional
      program performed similarly on Part I of the National Board of Medical Examiners
      (NBME) examinations and in their required clerkships. However, differences were
      identified in some content areas and resulted in curricular changes.

PMID- 4020841
TI  - The relationship between stress and attitudes toward leisure among first-year
      medical students.
AB  - The purpose of the study reported in this article was to examine first-year
      medical students' attitudes toward their free time and how these attitudes relate
      to self-reported stress levels. Members of the entering class of 1982-83 at the
      Southern Illinois University School of Medicine were asked to complete surveys
      designed to measure perceived stress and leisure attitudes. The results indicated
      a significant negative correlation between the total leisure scale and the stress
      scale. This correlation supported the hypothesis that students who perceived that
      they had high stress levels scored low on the leisure attitude scale. These
      findings suggest a need for educating students about the benefits of well spent
      leisure time as a stress management mechanism that is important in coping with
      daily pressures and anxieties.

PMID- 4020842
TI  - Congruence between curriculum goals and students' perceptions of learning
      environment.
AB  - The authors' main objectives in the study reported here were to assess medical
      students' perceptions of the learning environments provided by fourth-year
      clinical electives taken at three different training sites and to determine
      whether differences in learning environment among the sites could be attributed
      to differences in curricular goals. The investigators used a survey containing 32
      items subdivided into six subscales: structure, interpersonal relationships,
      educational climate, practicality, enthusiasm, and humanism. Perceptions of the
      elective learning environment were obtained from 67 students. Overall differences
      among training sites as perceived by the students were found by means of a
      multivariate analysis of variance to be statistically significant. Further
      analysis revealed site differences on four subscales: structure, interpersonal
      relations, educational climate, and practicality. Implications of these findings
      and suggestions for future research are discussed.

PMID- 4020843
TI  - Evaluation of simultaneous teaching of extremities in gross anatomy program.
AB  - A gross anatomy program was designed to expose medical students to all areas of
      the body but shortened the dissection time on the extremities by having half the
      class dissect either the upper or lower extremity and then study the opposite
      extremity already dissected by other classmates. The program has been used for
      six years and was evaluated via an analysis of covariance by comparing the
      intramural examination performance on both the dissected and undissected
      extremities. There was no statistical difference in the students' performances
      regardless of the extremity dissected. The program was also evaluated externally
      by student performance on Part I of the examinations of the National Board of
      Medical Examiners. Students (n = 191) performed at the national average (69
      percent) on all gross anatomy questions and on those questions pertaining to
      either extremity (66 percent). The program has efficiently utilized laboratory
      time with no measurable change in performance by six medical classes.

PMID- 4020844
TI  - Relationship between specialty choice and academic performance.

PMID- 4020845
TI  - Academic clinicians without residency training programs.

PMID- 4020846
TI  - A miniworkshop method for teaching medical students recognition of personality
      disorders.

PMID- 4020847
TI  - Assessment of interpersonal skills and humanistic qualities in medical residents.

PMID- 4020848
TI  - The use of written simulations and trained patients to evaluate a course in
      rheumatology.

PMID- 4020849
TI  - The antagonism of tetracycline and ferric iron in vivo.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that the in-vivo antibiotic action of tetracycline might
      be affected by ferric iron and the enhancement of infection by ferric iron by
      tetracycline, the actions of intraperitoneal antibiotic and local ferric ammonium
      citrate, given separately and together, were measured in the dorsal skin of
      guinea-pigs bearing lesions due to staphylococci, streptococci, a Proteus sp., an
      Erysipelothrix sp., Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas
      hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Tetracycline, given in two intraperitoneal
      doses of 25 mg/kg at 0 and 2 h after intracutaneous challenge, maintained plasma
      concentrations of 4-6 micrograms/ml for more than the first 4 h of infection,
      after which the local lesions had become largely insusceptible to the antibiotic.
      The intracutaneous injection of Fe 10 micrograms in a volume of 0.1 ml containing
      the bacteria was sufficient to enhance infection by those strains susceptible to
      this effect. The in-vivo efficacy of tetracycline was not always related to low
      MIC; a low MIC was sometimes associated with little action and a high MIC with
      moderate action. Sixteen organisms were tested. The iron diminished the
      tetracycline effect only feebly with one staphylococcal strain and the strain of
      E. rhusiopathiae. In only one case, with a strain of Proteus sp., was the
      tetracycline action grossly diminished. On the other hand, tetracycline
      diminished the enhancement effect of iron moderately with three strains of
      staphylococci and one strain each of K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and C.
      perfringens, and strongly with two strains of staphylococci, a group-C
      streptococcus and one strain each of K. pneumoniae, E. rhusiopathiae and A.
      hydrophila. It is evident that the diminution of tetracycline action by moderate
      excess of readily available Fe , whether endogenous or administered, is an
      unlikely event (three instances among the 16 tested) whereas the diminution of
      the infection-enhancing effect of iron by tetracycline is much more likely (12
      instances among the 16). Insofar as a decrease in iron available for enhancement
      of infection is valid evidence of a diminution of the iron available for
      necessary physiological processes of the subject treated, our results suggest
      that these processes might be affected by tetracycline.

PMID- 4020850
TI  - Human peripheral blood monocytes are susceptible to interferon-activated natural
      killer cells.
AB  - Monocytes and lymphocytes from peripheral blood were tested for their
      susceptibility to the natural killer (NK) cell activity of allogeneic and
      autologous lymphocytes. Peripheral blood monocytes, but not lymphocytes, were
      sensitive to the cytotoxic activity of interferon (IFN) activated NK cells.
      Allogeneic as well as autologous monocytes were sensitive to NK activity,
      although the killing seemed to be more pronounced in allogeneic combinations. The
      cells expressing cytotoxic activity for blood monocytes were found to conform to
      the characteristics of NK cells in the sense that they were activated by IFN, as
      well as in the sense that they were contained in the same cell fraction as large
      granular lymphocytes.

PMID- 4020851
TI  - Influence of avidity of circulating anti-DNA antibodies on murine lupus
      nephritis.
AB  - We determined the avidity of antiDNA antibodies in plasma of NZB/W mice when
      nephritis became apparent, when such mice developed chronic glomerulonephritis,
      and in mice whose nephritis was arrested, or attenuated, by immunosuppression.
      Antibody avidity was estimated by the rate of dissociation of 125IDNA-antiDNA
      complexes when excess unlabelled DNA was added to the plasma. In all groups of
      mice studied, the relative contributions of high and low avidity antiDNA
      antibodies were comparable and, overall, high avidity antibodies predominated.
      The results indicate that the avidity of circulating antiDNA antibodies did not
      reflect the extent and type of glomerular involvement, and was not predictive of
      clinical course.

PMID- 4020852
TI  - Erythrocyte deformability changes in autoimmune hemolytic anemia during
      development of NZB mice and their (NZB/NZW)F1 hybrid.
AB  - NZB and B/W hybrid mice develop compensated hemolytic anemia during the first
      year of their life. By the age of 3-5 months, their erythrocytes show evidence of
      spherocytosis, increased osmotic fragility and decreased whole cell
      deformability, as measured by ektacytometry, a laser diffraction technique. The
      presence of spherocytes with decreased surface area/volume ratio was confirmed by
      scanning electron microscopy and osmotic gradient ektacytometry. Whereas these
      abnormalities persisted and worsened in the NZB mice with further growth, they
      gradually improved and reverted to normal by the age of 12 months in B/W mice.
      This spontaneous improvement seems to be due to the accumulation of red cell
      membrane lipids reflecting the lipemia of immune complex nephritis in B/W mice.
      The implications of these findings in the modulation of autoimmune hemolytic
      anemia are discussed.

PMID- 4020853
TI  - Changes in specific immunoglobulins after various forms of portal diversion in
      the rat.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate further the hyperglobulinaemia which
      followed portal or splenic venous diversion but not mesenteric venous diversion.
      It was observed that levels of IgG and IgM were elevated from 3-6 weeks after
      portacaval shunt, portacaval transposition or splenacaval shunt. IgA levels were
      increased after all forms of portal venous diversions including after
      mesentericocaval shunt. The failure of levels of IgG and IgM to rise after
      mesocaval shunting suggests that some component of splenic venous blood may
      regulate the ability of the reticulo-endothelial system of the liver to respond
      to antigenic influences.

PMID- 4020854
TI  - Morphological and physiological studies of rat kidney cortex slices undergoing
      isosmotic swelling and its reversal: a possible mechanism for ouabain-resistant
      control of cell volume.
AB  - Slices of rat kidney cortex were induced to swell by preincubation at 1 degree C
      in an isotonic Ringer's solution, and their capacity to reverse swelling, by net
      extrusion of cellular water, was studied during subsequent incubation at 25
      degrees C. The recovery from swelling was prevented by the respiratory inhibitor,
      antimycin A. On the other hand, extrusion of water was little affected by
      ouabain. The extrusion of water continuing in the presence of ouabain (but not
      that in its absence) was significantly reduced when furosemide was added or when
      medium Cl- was replaced by NO-3 or I-. There was substantial variability in the
      morphological appearance of cells within the cortical slices. Different segments
      of the nephron showed different structural changes during swelling and its
      reversal, the proximal tubules being most markedly affected. Proximal tubular
      cells of swollen slices showed disorganization of brush borders and expansion of
      their apical surfaces, and contained vesicles in their apical cytoplasm. Upon
      recovery at 25 degrees C, the apical portions of these cells showed reversal of
      the expansion, but some apical vesicles remained. These vesicles were much more
      numerous after recovery in the presence of ouabain, but they were much reduced in
      numbers, or totally absent, when recovery took place in the presence of
      furosemide or absence of Cl-, with or without ouabain. The vesicles seen in the
      presence of ouabain alone appeared to fuse with each other and with infoldings of
      the basolateral plasma membrane. Rather similar results were obtained with distal
      tubular cells in the slices. We suggest that volume regulation in the proximal
      and distal tubular cells proceeds by way of two mechanisms. The first consists of
      extrusion of water coupled to the ouabain-sensitive transport of Na+ and K+. The
      other proceeds by way of an ouabain-resistant entry of water into apical
      cytoplasmic vesicles, following furosemide-sensitive movements of Cl- and Na+;
      the vesicles then expel their contents by exocytosis at the basolateral cell
      borders.

PMID- 4020855
TI  - Are axoplasmic microtubules necessary for membrane excitation?
AB  - The excitability of the squid giant axon was studied as a function of
      transmembrane hydrostatic pressure differences, the latter being altered by the
      technique of intracellular perfusion. When a KF solution was used as the internal
      medium, a pressure difference of about 15 cm water had very little effect on
      either the membrane potential or excitability. However, within a few minutes
      after introducing either a KCl-containing, a KBr-containing, or a colchicine
      containing solution as the internal medium, with the same pressure difference
      across the membrane, the axon excitability was suppressed. In these cases,
      removal of the pressure difference restored the excitability, indicating that the
      structure of membrane was not irreversibly damaged. Electron-microscopic
      observations of these axons revealed that the perfusion with a KF solution or
      colchicine-containing solution preserves the submembranous cytoskeletal layer,
      whereas perfusion with a KCl or KBr solution dissolves it. These results suggest
      that the submembranous cytoskeletons including microtubules provide an important
      mechanical support to the excitable membrane but are not essential elements in
      channel activities.

PMID- 4020857
TI  - Stereological estimation of the volume-weighted mean volume of arbitrary
      particles observed on random sections.
AB  - A stereological estimator of the weighted mean volume of particles of arbitrary
      shape is described. This unbiased estimator is based on simple point-sampling of
      linear intercept lengths. The complete absence of shape assumptions effectively
      breaks the long-standing 'convexity-barrier': the only requirement here is that
      individual particles can be unambiguously identified by their profiles on random
      sections. Practical details of the simple estimation procedure and an example
      with very irregular particles are reported. Finally, an estimator of the variance
      of the weighted distribution of particle volume is discussed. This estimator is
      also valid for particles of arbitrary shape. For any mixture of ellipsoids
      (spheres, oblates, prolates and triaxial ellipsoids) the estimator is reduced to
      a simple function of measurements of diameters in the section plane.

PMID- 4020856
TI  - Thermotropic behavior of retinal rod membranes and dispersions of extracted
      phospholipids.
AB  - High sensitivity, differential scanning calorimetry studies of bovine retinal rod
      outer segment (ROS) disk membranes and aqueous dispersions of the extracted ROS
      phospholipids have been performed. ROS disk membranes were found to exhibit a
      broad peak of excess heat capacity with a maximum at less than about 3 degrees C,
      ascribable to a gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition of a fraction of the
      phospholipids. A similar thermotropic transition was observed for aqueous
      dispersions of the total extracted and purified ROS phospholipids. Comparison of
      the results obtained for the dispersion of total ROS phospholipids to those of
      the purified head group fractions suggests that the thermotropic behavior
      reflects a gel-to-liquid crystalline transition, leading to lateral phase
      separation, involving those phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules containing
      saturated fatty acyl chains, possibly together with the highest melting ROS
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) components. The
      interpretation of the thermal behavior of the ROS disk membranes depends on
      whether the transition is assumed to derive from the ROS PC and/or PE/PS
      fractions, and whether the transbilayer arrangement of the ROS phospholipids is
      assumed to be symmetric or asymmetric. The calorimetric data can be simply
      explained in terms of an asymmetric distribution of the major ROS disk membrane
      phospholipids (G.P. Miljanich et al., J. Membrane Biol. 60:249-255, 1981). In
      this case, the transition would arise from the PE/PS fractions in the outer ROS
      disk membrane monolayer, and the anticipated transition from the PC in the inner
      monolayer would be broadened due to interaction with cholesterol. For the ROS
      membranes at higher temperatures, two additional, irreversible transitions are
      observed at 57 and 72 degrees C, corresponding to the thermal denaturation of
      opsin and rhodopsin, respectively.

PMID- 4020858
TI  - The 'bi-corpuscle' stereological problem: estimation of distributions of
      distances between paired spheres, from measurements in slabs showing
      overprojection and truncation, and its application to binucleated cells.
AB  - A non-parametric stereological method for the estimation of distributions of
      distances (d) between paired spheres of the same size, from the distances between
      their profiles observed in sections, is presented. The model accounts for sphere
      overprojection and truncation effects. Using the mean value of d (d), it is then
      possible, with simple formulae, to compute the probabilities of the co
      observation of two profiles from paired spheres with distance d between their
      centres, when at least one profile is observed. A useful application is the
      estimation of true binucleated cell frequencies from observations on tissue
      sections. An example for rat liver diploid cells is shown. The sphere
      distribution must be studied beforehand and, when the size variation is
      unacceptably large, implying that the assumption of a constant sphere radius is
      unreasonable, the main limitation of the model is met.

PMID- 4020859
TI  - Unbiased estimation of particle density in the tandem scanning reflected light
      microscope.
AB  - The tandem scanning reflected light microscope has the property of being able to
      obtain information from 'inside' solid objects by taking a thin optical section
      at the focal plane of the objective lens. This plane can be focused up and down
      through the specimen. We describe an unbiased 3-D counting rule for the TSRLM,
      which is applied to the estimation of osteocyte lacunar density in whole bone.
      This is shown to be an extremely efficient way of making such an estimate.
      Further possibilities for the application of the microscope in the field of
      stereology are discussed.

PMID- 4020860
TI  - Rat rabies in Mississippi.

PMID- 4020861
TI  - A community cancer program looks at carcinoma of the larynx.

PMID- 4020862
TI  - Procedures in family medicine: a survey.

PMID- 4020863
TI  - A polymorphic repetitive-sequence PR1 family. Evidence for meiotic instability.
AB  - When EcoRI digests of mouse genomic DNA were subjected to Southern blot analysis
      with the polymorphic repetitive sequence PR1 as a probe, one satellite-like band
      of 3.5 X 10(3) base-pairs, designated as PR1 family B, was detected in BALB/c
      strain mice, but not in the DDD/1- or MOA-strain mice. Analysis of recombinant
      phage clones revealed that the repeating unit of the PR1 family B was 13.5 X
      10(3) base-pairs long. This family consisted of a tandem array of repeating units
      and occupied as much as 2% of one BALB/c chromosome. Since the BALB/c-specific
      PR1 family B is not present in DDD/1 or MOA mice, the unpaired portion of the
      BALB/c chromosome may be looped out in a synaptonemal complex during meiosis in
      F1 hybrids of the BALB/c strain with DDD/1 or MOA. To determine the fate of this
      extra DNA, we examined the genotypes of the F1 hybrid mice and of the segregating
      populations. Although the PR1 patterns of F1 and most N2 mice are consistent with
      typical Mendelian inheritance, some N2 progeny showed an abnormal 3.5 X 10(3)
      base-pair band of unexpectedly reduced intensity. This indicated that the extra
      DNA of PR1 family B occasionally underwent recombination during meiosis in F1
      mice, resulting in its apparent excision. Examination of PstI digests supported
      this interpretation.

PMID- 4020864
TI  - Assembly-dependent conformational changes in a viral capsid protein. Calorimetric
      comparison of successive conformational states of the gp23 surface lattice of
      bacteriophage T4.
AB  - Inter- and intra-subunit bonding within the surface lattice of the capsid of
      bacteriophage T4 has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry of
      polyheads, in conjunction with electron microscopy, limited proteolysis and
      sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The bonding changes
      corresponding to successive stages of assembly of the major capsid protein gp23,
      including its maturation cleavage, were similarly characterized. The
      uncleaved/unexpanded surface lattice exhibits two endothermic transitions. The
      minor event, at 46 degrees C, does not visibly affect the surface lattice
      morphology and probably represents denaturation of the N-terminal domain of gp23.
      The major endotherm, at 65 degrees C, represents denaturation of the gp23
      polymers. Soluble gp23 from dissociated polyheads is extremely unstable and
      exhibits no endotherm. Cleavage of gp23 to gp23* and the ensuing expansion
      transformation effects a major stabilization of the surface lattice of polyheads,
      with single endotherms whose melting temperatures (t*m) range from 73 to 81
      degrees C, depending upon the mutant used and the fraction of gp23 that is
      cleaved to gp23* prior to expansion. Binding of the accessory proteins soc and
      hoc further modulates the thermograms of cleaved/expanded polyheads, and their
      effects are additive. hoc binding confers a new minor endotherm at 68 degrees C
      corresponding to at least partial denaturation of hoc. Denatured hoc nevertheless
      remains associated with the surface lattice, although in an altered, protease
      sensitive state which correlates with delocalization of hoc subunits visualized
      in filtered images. While hoc binding has little effect on the thermal stability
      of the gp23* matrix, soc binding further stabilizes the surface lattice (delta Hd
      approximately +50%; delta t*m = +5.5 degrees C). It is remarkable that in all
      states of the surface lattice, the inter- and intra-subunit bonding
      configurations of gp23 appear to be co-ordinated to be of similar thermal
      stability. Thermodynamically, the expansion transformation is characterized by
      delta H much less than 0; delta Cp approximately 0, suggesting enhancement of van
      der Waals' and/or H-bonding interactions, together with an increased exposure to
      solvent of hydrophobic residues of gp23* in the expanded state. These findings
      illuminate hypotheses of capsid assembly based on conformational properties of
      gp23: inter alia, they indicate a role for the N-terminal portion of gp23 in
      regulating polymerization, and force a reappraisal of models of capsid swelling
      based on the swivelling of conserved domains.

PMID- 4020865
TI  - The crystal structure of d(G-G-G-G-C-C-C-C). A model for poly(dG).poly(dC).
AB  - The structure of the DNA oligomer d(G-G-G-G-C-C-C-C) has been determined at a
      resolution of 2.5 A by single-crystal X-ray methods. There are two strands in the
      asymmetric unit, and these coil about each other to form a right-handed double
      helix of the A-type with Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds between base-pairs. The
      helix has a shallow minor groove and a deep, water-filled major groove; almost
      all exposed functional groups on the DNA are hydrated, and 106 ordered solvent
      molecules have been found. The two d(G-G-G-G).d(C-C-C-C) segments in the octamer
      exhibit similar and uniform structures, but there is a slight discontinuity at
      the GpC step between them. A recurring feature of the structure is the overlap of
      adjacent guanine bases in each GpG step, with the five-membered ring of one
      guanine stacking on the six-membered ring of its neighbour. There is little or no
      overlap between adjacent cytosine rings. Conformational parameters for these GpG
      steps are compared with those from other single-crystal X-ray analyses. In
      general, GpG steps exhibit high slide, low roll and variable twist. Models for
      poly(dG).poly(dC) were generated by applying a simple rotation and translation to
      each of the unmodified d(G-G-G-G).d(C-C-C-C) units. Detailed features of these
      models are shown to be compatible with various assays of poly(dG).poly(dC) in
      solution, and are useful in understanding the polymorphic behaviour of this
      sequence under a variety of experimental conditions.

PMID- 4020866
TI  - The pKa values of two histidine residues in human haemoglobin, the Bohr effect,
      and the dipole moments of alpha-helices.
AB  - Studies of abnormal and chemically modified haemoglobins indicate that in 0.1 M
      NaCl about 40% of the alkaline Bohr effect of human haemoglobin is contributed by
      the C-terminal histidine HC3(146) beta. In deoxyhaemoglobin, the imidazole of
      this histidine forms a salt bridge with aspartate FG1(94) beta, in oxyhaemoglobin
      or carbonmonoxyhaemoglobin it accepts a hydrogen bond from its own NH group
      instead. Kilmartin et al. (1973) showed that in 0.2 M-NaCl + 0.2 M-phosphate this
      change of ligation lowered the pKa of the histidine from 8.0 in Hb to 7.1 in
      HbCO, but Russu et al. (1980) claimed that in bis-Tris buffer without added NaCl
      its pKa in HbCO dropped no lower than 7.85, and that in this medium the C
      terminal histidine made only a negligible contribution to the alkaline Bohr
      effect. We have compared the histidine resonances of HbCO A with those of three
      abnormal haemoglobins: HbCO Cowtown (His HC3(146)beta----Leu), HbCO Wood (His
      FG4(97)beta----Leu) and HbCO Malmo (His FG4(97)beta----Gln). Our results show
      that the resonance assigned by Russu et al. to His HC3(146)beta in fact belongs
      to His FG4(97)beta. Although in Hb the pKa of His HC3(146)beta is 8.05 +/- 0.05
      independent of ionic strength, in HbCO its pKa drops sharply with diminishing
      ionic strength, so that in the buffer employed by Russu et al. it has a pKa of
      6.2 and makes a contribution to the alkaline Bohr effect that is 57% larger than
      in the phosphate buffer employed by Kilmartin et al. (1973). In HbCO A, His
      FG4(97)beta does not contribute to the Bohr effect, but in HbCO from which His
      HC3(146)beta has been cleaved (HbCO des-His), His FG4(97)beta is in equilibrium
      between two conformations with different pKa values. This equilibrium varies with
      ionic strength and pH, and presumably also with degree of ligation of the haem
      moiety. In HbCO A, His FG4(97)beta has a pKa of 7.8 compared to the pKa value of
      about 6.6 characteristic of free histidines at the surface of proteins. This high
      pKa is accounted for by its interaction with the negative pole at the C terminus
      of helices F and FG. It corresponds to a free energy change of the same order as
      that observed in the interaction of histidines with carboxylate ions and confirms
      the strongly dipolar character of alpha-helices, which manifests itself even when
      they lie on the surface of the protein.

PMID- 4020867
TI  - Molecular evolution of the seed storage proteins of barley, rye and wheat.
AB  - The major storage proteins (prolamins) of barley, rye and wheat are characterized
      by the presence of two or more unrelated structural domains, one of which
      contains repeated sequences. Because of this repetitive structure and their
      restricted distribution (only in grasses), it has been suggested that the
      prolamins are of recent origin. Contrary to this hypothesis, we show that parts
      of the non-repetitive domain of one group of prolamins are homologous with
      sequences present in a large group of seed proteins from monocotyledonous and
      dicotyledonous plants; including Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors, cereal
      inhibitors of alpha-amylase and trypsin, and 2 S globulin storage proteins of
      castor bean and oil seed rape. This implies an ancient origin for these non
      repetitive domains. The origins of the repetitive domains are not known but may
      lie within the grasses.

PMID- 4020868
TI  - Preliminary X-ray study of p-cresol methylhydroxylase (flavocytochrome c) from
      Pseudomonas putida N.C.I.B. 9869.
AB  - Single crystals of p-cresol methylhydroxylase, a flavocytochrome c from
      Pseudomonas putida, have been prepared. The crystals are orthorhombic, space
      group P212121 with unit cell parameters; a = 140.3 A, b = 130.6 A and c = 74.1 A.
      They contain a single non-symmetric dimer per asymmetric unit and diffract to at
      least 2.5 A resolution.

PMID- 4020869
TI  - Sequence analysis of mutations that affect the synthesis, assembly and enzymatic
      activity of the unc-54 myosin heavy chain of Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - We have sequenced 11 representative mutations of the unc-54 myosin heavy chain
      gene of Caenorhabditis elegans that affect the synthesis, assembly or enzymatic
      activity of the encoded myosin heavy chain. Six of the sequenced unc-54 mutations
      cause premature termination of protein synthesis. Four mutations (e1092, e1115,
      e1213, e1328) were ochre mutations, one mutation (e903) was a frameshift, which
      caused premature termination at a nearby UGA terminator, and one mutation (e190)
      was a deletion that altered the reading frame and caused termination at an ochre
      codon. Two mutations (e675 and s291) were inphase deletions, which resulted in a
      shortened myosin rod segment. These aberrant myosins fail to assemble into normal
      thick filaments. The sequence alterations of the missense mutations (e1152, s74,
      s95) indicated amino acid residues that are critical for myosin function. The
      mutation e1152 causes the production of a myosin heavy chain that fails to
      assemble into thick filaments. It had two adjacent amino acid substitutions at
      the extreme amino terminus of the rod, indicating a role for subfragment-2 in
      thick filament assembly. Mutants homozygous for s74 or s95 are very slow-moving,
      although they make myosin heavy chains that assemble normally. The encoded amino
      acid substitutions of s95 and s74 are in the 23 X 10(3) Mr and 50 X 10(3) Mr
      domains of the myosin head, flanking the ATP binding site. The sequenced
      mutations are distributed throughout the gene in the order predicted from genetic
      fine-structure mapping experiments. Seven of eight point mutations isolated
      following ethylmethane sulphonate mutagenesis were G X C to A X T transitions. A
      single X-ray-induced allele proved to be a deletion of two adjacent thymidine
      residues. The three deletion mutations were found in a region of the myosin rod
      with numerous direct and inverted nucleotide sequence repeats, but their origin
      cannot be accounted for by homologous recombination. Instead, a comparison of the
      deletion junctions suggests that the deletions arose by a site-specific
      mechanism.

PMID- 4020870
TI  - X-ray diffraction studies of 14-filament models of deoxygenated sickle cell
      hemoglobin fibers. Models based on electron micrograph reconstructions.
AB  - The transforms of a large number of models of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin
      fibers, related to that derived from image reconstruction of electron
      micrographs, have been calculated and compared with X-ray diffraction data of 15
      A resolution. The model of the fiber, determined from the reconstructed image, is
      a helix consisting of 14 filaments that associate in a specific mode to form
      seven pairs, or protofilaments. Pairs were identified through the pattern of
      filament loss in partially disassembled fibers and by the separation between
      molecules, in adjacent filaments, of half a molecular diameter, along the fiber
      axis. An alternative mode of filament association can be derived also from the
      surface lattice of the reconstruction, which meets these criteria for the pairing
      of molecular filaments. Both pairing modes have been used in the search for
      structures whose transforms show the best agreement with the diffraction data.
      Models were generated by the systematic translation of six protofilaments, taken
      in symmetry related pairs, in steps of 3.5 A along the fiber axis relative to a
      fixed central protofilament. Each translation of a protofilament corresponds to a
      different fiber model, whose transform was compared with observed data. In all,
      over 11,000 transforms were calculated. Of all the models considered, three have
      been found whose residuals are minimal. At 30 A resolution, similar to that of
      electron micrographs, the model derived from image reconstruction and the three
      found through our search procedure are indistinguishable. At 15 A, however, the
      transforms of these models show better agreement with the observed data than the
      transform of the reconstructed image. Comparison of residuals shows that the
      model derived from the reconstructed image can be rejected with 99.5% probability
      relative to the model, with the same pairing scheme, found by our search
      procedures. The two other models, derived from the alternative pairing scheme,
      are also more credible than the reconstructed image, but at a lower confidence
      level. Each of our three models is equally acceptable. Their existence may
      reflect structural polymorphism of the fiber.

PMID- 4020871
TI  - Molecular conformation of alpha-bungarotoxin as studied by nuclear magnetic
      resonance and circular dichroism.
AB  - We have examined the circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of
      a long neurotoxin, alpha-bungarotoxin, over a wide range of pH values and
      temperatures, and under high salt conditions. The observations are interpreted
      partly in terms of the known crystal structure of this polypeptide. We support
      earlier findings of a greater degree of beta-sheet structure in solution than has
      been reported by X-ray crystallography and, importantly, the invariant residue
      associated with neurotoxicity, Trp29, is shown to be in a similar environment to
      that found in alpha-cobratoxin and LS III from Laticauda semifasciata. The
      implications of this observation for structure/function relationships are
      outlined.

PMID- 4020872
TI  - Kinetics of sickle hemoglobin polymerization. I. Studies using temperature-jump
      and laser photolysis techniques.
AB  - Using a combination of laser photolysis and temperature-jump techniques, the
      kinetics of hemoglobin S polymerization have been studied over a wide range of
      delay times (10(-3) to 10(5)s), concentrations (0.2 to 0.4 g/cm3) and
      temperatures (5 to 50 degrees C). A slow temperature-jump technique was used to
      induce polymerization in samples with delay times between 10(2) seconds and 10(5)
      seconds by heating a solution of completely deoxygenated hemoglobin S. For
      samples with shorter delay times, polymerization was induced by photodissociating
      the carbon monoxide complex in small volumes (10(-9) cm3) using a
      microspectrophotometer equipped with a cw argon ion laser. The photolysis
      technique is described in some detail because of its importance in studying
      hemoglobin S polymerization at physiological concentrations and temperatures. In
      order, to establish conditions for complete photodissociation with minimal laser
      heating, a series of control experiments on normal human hemoglobin was performed
      and theoretically modeled. The concentration dependence of the tenth time is
      found to decrease with increasing hemoglobin S concentration. In the range 0.2 to
      0.3 g/cm3, the tenth time varies as the 36th power of the hemoglobin S
      concentration, while in the range 0.3 to 0.4 g/cm3 it decreases to 16th power. As
      the tenth times become shorter, the progress curves broaden, with the onset of
      polymerization becoming less abrupt. For tenth times greater than about 30
      seconds, measurements with the laser photolysis technique on small volumes yield
      highly irreproducible tenth times, but superimposable progress curves, indicating
      stochastic behavior. The initial part of the progress curves from both
      temperature-jump and laser photolysis experiments is well fit with an equation
      for the concentration of polymerized monomer, delta (t) = A[cosh (Bt) -1], which
      results from integration of the linearized rate equations for the double
      nucleation mechanism described in the accompanying paper (Ferrone et al., 1985).
      The dependence of the parameters A and B on temperature and concentration is
      obtained from fitting over 300 progress curves. The rate B has a large
      concentration dependence, varying at 25 degrees C from about 10(-4) S-1 at 0.2
      g/cm3 to about 100 s-1 at 0.4 g/cm3.

PMID- 4020873
TI  - Kinetics of sickle hemoglobin polymerization. II. A double nucleation mechanism.
AB  - A double nucleation mechanism for the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin is
      described. The mechanism accounts for all of the major kinetic observations: the
      appearance of a delay, the high concentration dependence of the delay time, and
      the stochastic behavior of slowly polymerizing samples in small volumes. The
      mechanism postulates that there are two pathways for polymer formation:
      polymerization is initiated by homogeneous nucleation in the solution phase,
      followed by nucleation of additional polymers on the surface of existing ones.
      This second pathway is called heterogeneous nucleation. Since the surface of
      polymers is continuously increasing with time, heterogeneous nucleation provides
      a mechanism for the extreme autocatalysis that is manifested as an apparent delay
      in the kinetic progress curves. In this mechanism, each spherulitic domain of
      polymers is considered to be initiated by a single homogeneous nucleation event.
      The mechanism explains the irreproducibility of the delay time for single domain
      formation as arising from stochastic fluctuations in the time at which the
      homogeneous nucleus for the first polymer is formed. Integration of the
      linearized rate equations that describe this model results in a simple kinetic
      form: A[cosh(Bt)-1] (Bishop & Ferrone, 1984). In the accompanying paper (Ferrone
      et al., 1985) it was shown that the initial 10 to 15% of progress curves, with
      delay times varying from a few milliseconds to over 10(5) seconds, is well fit by
      this equation. In this paper, we present an approximate statistical thermodynamic
      treatment of the equilibrium nucleation processes that shows how the nucleus
      sizes and nucleation equilibrium constants depend on monomer concentration. The
      equilibrium model results in expressions for B and B2A as a function of monomer
      concentration in terms of five adjustable parameters: the bimolecular addition
      rate of a monomer to the growing aggregate, the fraction of polymerized monomers
      that serve as heterogeneous nucleation sites, the free energy of intermolecular
      bonding within the polymer, and two parameters that describe the free energy
      change as a function of size for the bonding of the heterogeneous nucleus to a
      polymer surface. This model provides an excellent fit to the data for B and B2A
      as a function of concentration using physically reasonable parameters. The model
      also correctly predicts the time regime in which stochastic behavior is observed
      for polymerization in small volumes.

PMID- 4020874
TI  - A plasmodial alpha-tubulin cDNA from Physarum polycephalum. Nucleotide sequence
      and comparative analysis.
AB  - As the first step towards correlating structure and function of tubulin in the
      slime mold Physarum polycephalum we have elucidated the nucleotide sequence of a
      cDNA that appears to code for all but the last 25 to 30 C-terminal amino acids of
      a plasmodial alpha-tubulin. Differences in amino acid sequence from those of
      other alpha-tubulins are distributed fairly evenly throughout the sequence,
      although a relatively extensive conserved region is found in position 396 to 426
      near the C terminus. A small region in position 298 to 307 contains a cluster of
      amino acid residues unique to Physarum alpha-tubulin. The sequence is 70%
      homologous to two yeast alpha-tubulins and about 83% homologous to five animal
      alpha-tubulins. A comparison of the homologies of all the known alpha-tubulins
      indicates that a large decrease in the accepted point mutation rate has occurred
      during the evolution of the metazoa, suggesting a major functional specialization
      of microtubules.

PMID- 4020876
TI  - Essential contribution of thrombocytes to the occurrence of catecholamine-induced
      cardiac necroses.
AB  - The role of thrombocytes in the production of isoproterenol-induced cardiac
      necrosis was investigated in rats rendered thrombocytopenic (A) as well as in
      rats treated with a prostacyclin analogue (B). According to quantitative
      morphometric evaluation the area of necrotic tissue amounted to about 1% 9 h
      following administration of isoproterenol (40 mg/kg). In both groups of treated
      animals the number and area of necroses were strongly reduced (to 23% group A, to
      34% group B, P less than or equal to 0.1 for both groups). In contrast, the
      reduction of myocardial adenine nucleotide levels induced by isoproterenol was
      the same (5.06 to 3.57 and 3.60 microM/g wet wt, respectively) in
      thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic rats. Quantitative comparison of the
      fraction of necrotic tissue and of the fraction of lost nucleotides suggests that
      non-necrotic rather than necrotic tissue predominantly contributes to the
      reduction of nucleotides. The dependence of cardiac necrosis production on the
      presence or normal aggregability of platelets points out at platelet-dependent
      microvascular alterations as a main cause of isoproterenol-induced cardiac
      necroses.

PMID- 4020875
TI  - Catecholamine-induced myocardial cell damage: catecholamines or adrenochrome.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that catecholamine-induced myocardial damage may be due
      to the cardiotoxic property of its non-physiological metabolite, adrenochrome. We
      investigated whether catecholamine-mediated myocardial damage is the result of
      catecholamine stimulation per se or the consequence of physiological or non
      physiological metabolites. In the Langendorff perfused rat heart, fresh
      epinephrine (10(-6) M) solution increased cumulative lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
      release when the perfusion pressure was 100 cm but not 65 cm, 3640 +/- 665 v.
      control 545 +/- 45 mIU/g/35 min respectively (P less than 0.01). In the left
      atrial perfused rat heart working against a hydrostatic pressure of 100 cm, fresh
      epinephrine (10(-6) M) solution produced the greatest increase in cumulative LDH
      release, 9346 +/- 1806 v. control 472 +/- 47 mIU/g/45 min respectively (P less
      than 0.01). Beta 1 but not alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation provoked enzyme
      leakage. Beta-adrenoceptor antagonism with atenolol 10(-5) M prevented
      catecholamine-induced leakage. Physiological metabolites of epinephrine viz
      metanephrine 10(-6) M, dihydroxymandelic acid 10(-6) M, vanillylmandelic acid 10(
      6) M, and the non-physiological metabolite adrenochrome 10(-6) M to 10(-4) M did
      not increase the cumulative LDH release over 45 min. When adrenochrome 10(-4) M
      was perfused for 120 min enzyme release occurred, albeit only a third of that
      induced by epinephrine 10(-6) M over 45 min. We demonstrate that epinephrine
      induced myocardial cellular damage is due to the direct effect of catecholamine
      stimulation acting on the beta-adrenergic receptor. The amount of left
      ventricular work appears to determine the extent of cellular damage.
      Physiological metabolites and the non-physiological metabolite, adrenochrome are
      not responsible for catecholamine-induced myocardial cellular damage. Epinephrine
      10(-6) M caused a positive inotropic effect, whereas adrenochrome 10(-4) M
      induced contractile failure. Contractile failure was due to a negative inotropic
      effect and coronary artery vasoconstriction. Adrenochrome induces myocardial
      cellular damage and contractile failure but only in a concentration of 10(-4) M,
      this concentration does not appear to have pathophysiological relevance.

PMID- 4020877
TI  - Adaptive changes in subcellular calcium transport during catecholamine-induced
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Rats were injected intraperitoneally with isoproterenol in dosage of 40 mg/kg
      body weight and heart microsomal and mitochondrial fractions were isolated 3, 9
      and 24 h later. The heart/body weight ratio increased at 9 and 24 h after
      injection without any changes in the yield of subcellular organelles. Microsomal
      calcium uptake was significantly elevated at 3 h but returned to normal at 9 h
      and then became depressed 24 h post-injection. Mitochondrial calcium uptake was
      significantly increased 9 and 24 h after isoproterenol administration. Kinetic
      parameters of the calcium transport function indicated that the apparent affinity
      for Ca2+ remained unchanged, whereas Vmax values were altered in the experimental
      groups. Although there was no significant change in the phospholipid composition,
      the total phospholipid contents were increased (at 3, 9 and 24 h for microsomes;
      3 and 9 h for mitochondria) in both types of organelles. The protein composition,
      as determined by gel electrophoresis, was altered in microsomes, but not in
      mitochondria. These results demonstrate rapid structural and functional changes
      in subcellular organelles. Such alterations may play an adaptive role in
      maintaining the intracellular calcium homeostasis during the development of
      catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4020878
TI  - Functional and morphological organization of the guinea-pig sinoatrial node
      compared with the rabbit sinoatrial node.
AB  - The primary pacemaker, i.e. the group of pacemaker cells discharging the
      sinoatrial node comprises less than 1000 cells in the guinea-pig and about 5000
      cells in the rabbit. These primary pacemaker cells are described as 'central
      nodal' cells in light microscopy and as 'typical nodal' cells in electron
      microscopy. The action potential of the leading cells has a higher upstroke
      velocity in the guinea-pig than in the rabbit (6.2 v. 1.9 V/s). Gap junctions
      have been observed even in the very center of the node in both species. A zone of
      double-component action potentials at the septal margin of the node was observed
      in the rabbit, but not in the guinea-pig. Evidence is presented for abrupt
      transitions in electrophysiological as well as in ultrastructural characteristics
      in the guinea-pig sinoatrial node. The differences in intrinsic cycle length
      between both species but also between individuals of the same species are
      discussed.

PMID- 4020879
TI  - Alterations to potassium fluxes in the heart during chronic dietary potassium
      depletion.
AB  - Dietary K+ depletion in rabbits causes a loss of cellular K+ from skeletal muscle
      but not from cardiac muscle, and it has been suggested that this is due to a
      specific protective mechanism in the heart. Net uptake and efflux of 42K was
      investigated in the interventricular septum of the rabbit. Acute reductions in
      extracellular [K+] caused a loss of K+ from tissue of both normal and K+ depleted
      animals. In the K+ depleted group the relationship between [K+]e and net uptake
      was altered, so that the maximum rate of uptake was increased, and this was
      obtained at a lower [K+]e. There were no significant changes in K+ efflux. These
      results would be consistent with an adaptive change to the cardiac cell Na+ pump
      during chronic K+ depletion.

PMID- 4020880
TI  - Comparative morphometry of the mitochondria and activity of some enzymes in the
      myocardium of small mammals.
AB  - Heart rate in mammals is inversely related to body weight. In the etruscan shrew
      it exceeds 960 beats/min. Since the heart depends primarily on energy from
      aerobic sources, it was interesting to examine some morphological parameters of
      the mitochondria in some mammals with a high heart frequency. Volume fraction and
      surface to volume ratio of the mitochondria in the myocardium were determined in
      the white rat (221 g), white mouse (36 g), white-toothed shrew (8 g) and the
      etruscan shrew (2 g) using morphometric methods. The volume fraction and surface
      to volume ratio of the mitochondria increased progressively and significantly as
      body weight of the animal decreased. The increase was higher in the surface to
      volume ratio than in the volume fraction. It reached a value which was 62% higher
      in the etruscan shrew than that of the white rat, while in the volume fraction of
      the mitochondria the maximal increase was only 34%. In accordance with the
      morphometric data, enzymatic activity of succinic dehydrogenase in the myocardium
      was inversely related to body weight. Creatine phosphokinase activity revealed a
      similar but not statistically significant trend. Lactic dehydrogenase activity
      was about three-fold higher in the white rat than in the white toothed shrew. It
      is concluded that one of the adaptive responses of the heart in small sized
      mammals to increase ATP production is not only elevation of the volume fraction
      of the mitochondria, but also an increase of their surface to volume ratio to
      provide a higher rate of oxygen diffusion to them.

PMID- 4020881
TI  - Experimental catecholamine-induced myocardial necrosis. II. Temporal development
      of isoproterenol-induced contraction band lesions correlated with ECG,
      hemodynamic and biochemical changes.
AB  - Catecholamines have been shown to produce irreversible contraction band lesions
      of myocardial cells. However, little is known about the temporal appearance and
      correlation of the acute form of coagulative myocytolysis with ECG, hemodynamic
      and biochemical parameters. Groups of adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized with
      sodium pentobarbital, infused continuously with isoproterenol (2.5
      micrograms/kg/min) and killed after periods of 0, 5, 15, 30, or 60 min. There
      were two predominant myocardial patterns: 'paradiscal' and 'holocytic'
      contraction band lesions. Either type of lesion was non-existent or rare in the
      control hearts. The small 'paradiscal' contraction band lesions were present as
      early as 5 min of isoproterenol infusion, particularly in the inner myocardial
      layer. The large 'holocytic' contraction band lesions were present by 15 min,
      however, they were not produced in any significant numbers before 30 min. Both
      types of contraction band lesions continued to accumulate up to 60 min. ST
      segment depression was the predominant ECG change. This occurred as early as 5
      min when heart rate, blood pressure and dP/dt values had also significantly
      changed. The high-energy phosphates, phosphocreatine and ATP, started declining
      as early as 5 min. Furthermore, these phosphates and lactate were distributed in
      transmural gradients across the left ventricular wall with the greatest change in
      the endocardial third. This was also the site of the largest accumulation of each
      type of contraction band lesion. While the lesions correlated with certain
      biochemical and hemodynamic changes, the underlying pathophysiology is more
      complex than ischemia or high-energy phosphate depletion alone.

PMID- 4020882
TI  - Involvement of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical in the 'oxygen paradox':
      reduction of creatine kinase release by catalase, allopurinol or deferoxamine,
      but not by superoxide dismutase.
AB  - The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that cytotoxic oxygen
      metabolites participate in lytic cardiac cell damage, detected as creatine kinase
      release, upon reoxygenation of hypoxic, isolated buffer-perfused hearts (oxygen
      paradox). Perfusate additives included: superoxide dismutase (30 mg/l); catalase
      (2 mg/l); deferoxamine (0.5 mM); and allopurinol (1 mM). Creatine kinase release
      upon reoxygenation was reduced, to levels not significantly different from
      nonhypoxic controls, by adding either catalase, allopurinol or deferoxamine to
      the buffer during hypoxia. Reduced creatine kinase leakage was not accompanied by
      parallel preservation of ventricular function or coronary vascular resistance.
      Administration of catalase during hypoxia was superior to administering it only
      during reoxygenation. Treatment with catalase during both hypoxia and
      reoxygenation provided no more protection than administration only during
      hypoxia. The data suggest that an important component of hypoxia-induced cardiac
      cell damage is due primarily to hydrogen peroxide, which may then form hydroxyl
      radical. Superoxide anion plays an important role as a precursor of these
      species, but added superoxide dismutase alone did not significantly reduce
      creatine kinase loss. The data also suggest that damage resulting in creatine
      kinase release upon reoxygenation occurs during oxygen deprivation, and it is
      mediated in part by cytotoxic oxygen metabolites.

PMID- 4020883
TI  - Studies on cumene hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation in the isolated
      perfused rat heart.
AB  - In the isolated, perfused rat heart, lipid peroxidation, induced by cumene
      hydroperoxide (Cum OOH), is accompanied by the release of malondialdehyde (MDA).
      Using a modified perfusion technique resulting in the separate collection of
      coronary and interstitial effluent, it can be shown that upon Cum OOH (0.5 mM)
      perfusion there is an immediate release of MDA in the coronary effluent and a
      delayed release in the interstitial fluid, indicating the susceptibility and
      coronary vascular tissue towards free radical-induced lipid peroxidation.
      Perfusion with Cum OOH leads to an initial increase of the coronary flow and a
      depressed contractility followed by a cardiac arrest concomitantly with the onset
      of MDA release in the interstitial fluid. Finally, during prolonged perfusion the
      coronary flow diminishes and contracture of the heart muscle ('stone heart')
      develops. These phenomena resemble those occurring during the 'calcium paradox'.
      Although the contractility diminishes immediately after the perfusion with Cum
      OOH the tissue ATP level and energy charge (formula; see text) remain constant.
      From the moment of cardiac arrest the ATP and creatine phosphate levels gradually
      decrease and the energy charge drops simultaneously with the appearance of MDA in
      the interstitial fluid. In contrast to the calcium paradox there is no
      simultaneous increase in the myocardial AMP level. Various mitochondrial enzymes
      (cytochrome c oxidase, monoamine oxidase, carnitinepalmitoyltransferase I and
      palmitoyl CoA synthetase) were tested and not affected by Cum OOH perfusion.
      During the development of contracture after 20 min of Cum OOH perfusion massive
      contraction band necrosis of cardiac tissue occurs. However, overall protein
      release is lower when compared with the protein release during the calcium
      paradox.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020884
TI  - The relative sensitization by acidosis of five calcium blockers in cat papillary
      muscles.
AB  - We have previously reported that the negative inotropic effects of both verapamil
      and nifedipine on cat papillary muscles are enhanced as pH is lowered from 7.4 to
      6.8 and 6.0. These studies have now been extended to compare the relative
      sensitization by acidosis of verapamil, nifedipine, lidoflazine, perhexilene and
      diltiazem. Developed tension was recorded in cat papillary muscles and the
      calcium concentration was adjusted over the range 2 to 10 mM. At pH 7.4, addition
      of all five drugs moved the dose response curve to the right with pA2 values from
      4.82 (lidoflazine) to 9.94 (nifedipine). At pH 6.0, there was eight-fold
      sensitization by acidosis for verapamil, but four, three, and two-fold
      sensitization for nifedipine, lidoflazine and perhexilene. Diltiazem, however,
      was not sensitized by acidosis. The differential effects of acidosis on the
      negative inotropic properties of the five drugs may reflect their ancillary
      properties opposite gating of the calcium channel, local anaesthesia,
      intracellular calcium movement or Na+/Ca2+ exchange, but also suggest that
      diltiazem may have the property of inhibiting the effects of low pH on cell
      membranes.

PMID- 4020885
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation and the Brattleboro rat.
AB  - Despite considerable evidence from both clinical and animal experiments, the role
      of beta-adrenergic stimulation in the development of life-threatening cardiac
      arrhythmias is not well understood. Recent studies indicate that the posterior
      pituitary hormone, arginine vasopressin, may have a modulatory effect on
      cardiovascular sympathetic tone, especially with respect to blood pressure and
      heart rate. Employing the homozygous Brattleboro rat, an animal genetically
      deficient in the synthesis of arginine vasopressin, the following report offers
      evidence that the neuropeptide may also act on central pathways to suppress
      arrhythmogenic activity elicited by beta-adrenoceptor stimulation.

PMID- 4020887
TI  - Organizational structure and function.

PMID- 4020886
TI  - Enhancement of aortic blood flow with a linear anionic macropolymer of
      extraordinary molecular length.
AB  - The addition of small amounts of high mol. wt polymers to a fluid moving through
      a pipe typically increases fluid viscosity and thereby diminishes the rate of
      flow. Under appropriate conditions of flow, however, the addition of linear
      polymers of high mol. wt--of the order of 10(5) to 10(7) daltons--may cause the
      flow to increase as much as 3-fold and occasionally more without altering the
      driving pressure. This effect, generally known to hydrodynamicists under the
      rubric 'Toms phenomenon' or as 'polymer drag reduction', generally occurs at high
      (greater than 1000) Reynolds numbers. However, flow also increases at much lower
      Reynolds numbers under certain conditions, including oscillatory, pulsatile, and
      helicoidal flows and flow through a column of sand. The Toms phenomenon has been
      repeatedly observed in various types of flow with both aqueous and organic
      solvents in combination with a wide variety of polymer additives. A marked fall
      in the pressure gradients of constant blood flows through pipes has also been
      observed upon the addition of polyacrylamide, poly(ethylene oxide),
      deoxyribonucleic acid, or a polysaccharide extracted from okra. It is the
      consensus among students of fluid mechanics that linear macromolecules suppress
      flow disturbances by stabilizing or laminizing the dynamic fluid structure when
      rod- or thread-like particles align themselves parallel to the axis of flow.
      Mostardi et al. demonstrated with hot film anemometry that aortic flow
      instabilities downstream from a temporary partial occlusion are dampened after
      infusion of a polymer drag-reducing agent, Separan AP-30 (Dow Chemical
      Co.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020888
TI  - Black adolescents: issues critical to their survival.

PMID- 4020890
TI  - Effects of a summer preview program of study skills and basic science topics on
      the academic performance of minority students.
AB  - A summer preview program was designed to enhance the academic performance of
      minority students in medical school. In the five-week program the students met
      from 8:00 AM to noon, five days a week. The two components of the program were
      study skills and selected basic science topics deemed critical for success in the
      first year.This paper is an analysis of three years (1980 to 1982 inclusive) of
      the program. Only three of the 14 participating minority students failed to
      complete the requirements of the first year of the curriculum. In contrast, nine
      of the 11 nonparticipating minority students did not complete the requirements
      for the first year. The conclusion is that the program can enhance the academic
      performance of minority students in the first year of the medical school
      curriculum.

PMID- 4020889
TI  - Increased MB-creatine kinase isoenzymes in an alcoholic population.
AB  - Using agarose gel electrophoresis MB-creatine kinase (MB-CK) activity was
      examined in the serum of 120 patients with acute alcohol intoxication admitted to
      a detoxification ward. Total CK activity was increased in 67 percent of patients
      and MB-CK activity was increased in 8.3 percent. Alcoholic patients also were
      studied by Sephadex chromatography and, in seven cases, MB-CK was greater than
      three standard deviations from the normal. Thus, this study demonstrates that
      acute alcohol intoxication is associated with increased MB-CK activity. These
      findings raise the possibility that excessive alcohol ingestion may lead to acute
      myocardial injury.

PMID- 4020891
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics: a simplified approach, Part 1.
AB  - Clinicians often find that the application of pharmacokinetic principles for the
      calculation of a drug regimen is bewildering and difficult. In this article it is
      shown that clinically useful calculations can be simply done at the bedside using
      a handheld calculator. The only requirement is an understanding of the terms that
      define the pharmacokinetic behavior of a drug. Appropriate manipulation of these
      terms will allow calculation of loading and maintenance doses, peak and average
      plasma concentrations, and other useful pharmacological data. The result will be
      improvement in drug therapy.

PMID- 4020892
TI  - Health care: development of data for a marketing approach.
AB  - Marketing in health care is a relatively new process. It is a business tool that
      can serve a very useful purpose. Health care management has become aware of the
      usefulness of marketing in long-range planning. Through a well-thought-out
      marketing plan, the provider will not be leaving the future to chance. A well
      conceived, patient-oriented, competitor-aware marketing plan should place the
      medical practice at a strategic advantage as the health care industry joins other
      industries in the competitive marketplace for the consumer's dollar.The ever
      increasing political and regulatory environment that the health care field is
      undergoing emphasizes the need for the inclusion of marketing skills, such as
      cost containment, in the medical curriculum. It should be the obligation of the
      training facilities as well as medical societies to respond to this need by
      providing the education that will enable black providers to survive in this
      competitive environment.

PMID- 4020893
TI  - The origin of psychosomatic disorders in parent-adolescent relationships.
AB  - This paper explores the impact of parent-adolescent relationships in the
      development of psychosomatic disorders. It briefly reviews the intra-family
      psychosocial pathogenesis of these disorders and suggests preventive approaches.

PMID- 4020894
TI  - Hamartoma.
AB  - The case of a patient with benign pulmonary hamartoma is presented. Examination
      of the lung by roentgenographic rays demonstrated the classical "popcorn
      calcification" in the lesion.

PMID- 4020895
TI  - Reactions of the geniculate cells to extraocular proprioceptive activation in
      rabbits.
AB  - The aim of these investigations was to advance our knowledge of the influence of
      extrinsic ocular muscle (EOM) stretching on cell excitability of the
      retinocortical pathway. The initial goal was the lateral geniculate; however,
      histologic analysis indicated that most cells that responded to stretching were
      located near its superior edge, in an area analogous to the perigeniculate.
      Rabbits were anaesthetized and prepared for single-cell recordings. The
      extraocular muscles were detached from the eye and attached to a rigid tungsten
      hook. The hook was soldered to the pivot of a galvanometer that was controlled by
      a waveform generator. Precise and repeated length changes were obtained with
      extension and relaxation ramps of constant velocity. Thirty percent of the units
      (N = 250) responded to EOM stretching. These stimuli evoked either an excitation
      or a decrease of the units' spontaneous activity. Several experimental controls
      provided evidence that the signals that evoked the geniculate responses
      originated from proprioceptors belonging to the EOM. Most responding cells had
      their receptive fields located eccentrically (greater than or equal to 50
      degrees). Also, cells that reacted to EOM stretching responded to optic nerve
      stimulation with a significantly shorter latency than cells that were
      unresponsive. Pairing the EOM stretching with light stimuli produced the
      following results. In about half of the units the light-evoked responses
      augmented, but in 28% of the cells the light-evoked discharges decreased. These
      effects were obtained even though EOM stretching delivered singly failed to
      elicit a reaction from the cell. Histologic reconstructions indicated that cells
      were distributed in a discrete region lying rostral and dorsomedial to the
      lateral geniculate nucleus. This area has been associated with the perigeniculate
      nucleus in cats and rats.

PMID- 4020896
TI  - Effects of corticosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrocorticosterone on brain excitability
      in the rat.
AB  - The effects of corticosterone (B) and its reduced metabolite 5 alpha
      dihydrocorticosterone (DHB) on CNS activity in the rat were examined. Two indices
      of brain excitability were evaluated: 1) amplitude of population responses
      (evoked potentials [EP] to sciatic nerve stimulation) and 2) changes in the rate
      of firing of tonically discharging neurons--both at pontine brainstem regions of
      the reticular formation. Experiments were carried out in adrenalectomized rats,
      and recordings were obtained from animals under urethane anesthesia. Steroids
      were dissolved in a 4:1 saline:Cremophor-El (Sigma) solution and doses of 750
      micrograms/0.5 ml were injected (IV). The effects of B on EPs were bidirectional.
      Increases (8 animals) and decreases (6 animals) of the amplitude responses in
      different animals were observed. In 4 animals, no changes were detected. In
      contrast, injection of DHB produced a consistent and significant reduction of
      brainstem sciatic evoked potentials in 10 of 12 animals tested; 2 animals did not
      respond to the steroid. At the neuronal level, the effects of the steroids were
      evaluated by the changes they induced in the mean firing frequency (P less than
      0.01) measured during 5-min intervals as determined by a one-way analysis of
      variance and analysis with a test of multiple comparisons. Only cells that fired
      in a stationary mode for 15 min before the steroid injection were studied. A more
      consistent pattern of responses to B was observed at the single-cell level. From
      31 neurons that responded to the hormone, of 76 examined, 27 showed an increase
      in their firing rate and only 4 neurons showed a decrease. The increase in firing
      rate had an onset latency of 2-5 min (means = 3.5, SE 0.43) with a duration of 16
      25 min (means = 17.5, SE 2.7). Of 69 neurons that were tested with DHB, 51 showed
      a significant decrease in their mean firing frequency. Onset latency of the
      effect was 2-8 min (means = 4.0, SE 1.21) and the duration of the induced changes
      was 16-40 min (means = 30.0, SE 3.47). Central interactions of DHB and B when
      sequentially administered were examined in 28 neurons. Of these, 21 responded to
      DHB administration with a significant decrease in their firing rates. In 11 of
      these neurons, injection of B, 5 min after DHB, was followed by a rapid (1-2 min)
      return of the neurons to baseline firing rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4020897
TI  - Excitatory effect of amino acids on identified neuron R14 of Aplysia. I. Glycine
      induced depolarization and its ionic mechanism.
AB  - The ionic mechanism of the membrane effect of glycine on identified neuron R14 of
      Aplysia was investigated with conventional intracellular recording and voltage
      clamp techniques. Both localized and bath applications of glycine markedly
      depolarize R14. Bath-applied glycine induced an inward current that gradually
      reached a maximum and remained at that level until glycine was washed out.
      Displacement of the holding potential from -46 to -121 mV increased the inward
      current. The extrapolated reversal potential was +38.6 mV. Reduction of [Na+]o
      reversibly decreased the inward current. Alterations of [K+]O, [Cl-]O, and
      [Ca2+]O, as well as bath-applied ouabain and sodium cyanide, did not affect the
      inward current. These results suggest that glycine can induce an Na+ current and
      that the glycine-induced inward current does not reflect an active uptake by an
      Na+-coupled transport system of glycine into the neuron.

PMID- 4020898
TI  - Prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism abolishes lesion-induced noradrenergic
      sprouting in the adult rat.
AB  - The effects of altered thyroid states on regeneration in the central nervous
      system are equivocal. This work was undertaken to examine the influence of
      propylthiouracil-induced (PTU-induced) pre- and postnatal hypothyroidism on
      collateral sprouting of noradrenergic (NA) axons in the habenula (Hb), following
      lesions in the stria medullaris (SM) of the adult rat. Ten pregnant dams were
      divided into control and PTU-treated groups. Control rats had free access to food
      and water and the hypothyroid group received, in addition, 0.05% (w/v) of PTU in
      their drinking water, beginning on day 12 of gestation and continuing post partum
      through lactation until the offspring were weaned at age 22 days. The pregnant
      dams received, in addition, daily injections of thyroxine (25 micrograms/kg, ip)
      and only male pups were used in the study. At weaning the pups were removed from
      the dams and placed in cages with free access to food and water. The hypothyroid
      offspring received 0.05% (w/v) PTU in the drinking water until sacrificed at 10
      weeks of age. At 6 weeks, some rats in each group received bilateral lesions in
      the SM and the remainder were sham-operated. All rats were sacrificed 4 weeks
      after operation. Thus, four groups were formed: 1) control/sham, 2)
      control/lesion, 3) PTU/sham, 4) PTU/lesion. Sprouting of NA fibers in discrete
      regions of the Hb was identified by norepinephrine (NE) levels and by
      fluorescence histochemistry. Blood levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
      were determined. The results show that pre- and postnatal induced chronic
      hypothyroidism abolished NA sprouting in the partially deafferented Hb.
      Furthermore, lesions of the SM resulted in a marked decrease in serum TSH levels.

PMID- 4020899
TI  - Thoracic dorsal funicular lesions affect the bouton patterns on, and diameters
      of, layer VB pyramidal cell somata in rat hindlimb cortex.
AB  - The effect of spinal dorsal funicular lesions (T 12) upon the frequency of
      boutons on, and diameters of the somata of pyramidal cells in layer VB of
      hindlimb cortex was studied. Adult rats sustained bilateral damage to either the
      dorsal column (DC, n = 10) alone or DC combined with the corticospinal tract (CS)
      (DC + CS, n = 34) and were utilized 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 30, 45, 60, 90, or 120 days
      postoperatively (DPO). Neurons randomly sampled from 44 lesioned and 13
      unoperated cases were analyzed for the number of silver-impregnated boutons
      (Rasmussen method) on the circumference of the soma as well as diameters of the
      soma, nucleus, and nucleolus. Analyses of variance comparing across lesioned and
      normal groups were significant for bouton counts on the soma (P less than 0.01),
      and diameters (long axis) of somata (P less than 0.01) and their nuclei (P less
      than 0.05). Both lesioned groups exhibited significant decreases from normal for
      these latter three parameters. With respect to survival time for the DC + CS
      lesioned animals we noted the following: (1) Bouton counts on the soma
      significantly decreased below normal between 1 and 60 DPO; this decrease was most
      dramatic during the first three days postlesion. (2) Somal diameter (long axis)
      significantly decreased below normal between 2 and 120 DPO (except at 14 and 90
      DPO). (3) Nuclear diameter (long axis) significantly decreased below normal only
      at 90 DPO. (4) Bouton counts on somata of neurons in layers VB and IV [Ganchrow
      and Bernstein, 1981] of hindlimb cortex correlated negatively and significantly
      across 120 postlesion days. The rapid shrinkage and reduced afferentation of
      layer VB somata during the first week following DC + CS lesions suggest initial,
      retrograde reactions to CS axotomy. Since bouton counts on layer VB somata were
      significantly less (P less than 0.05) in DC- than DC + CS-lesioned rats, it is
      hypothesized that CS axotomy regulated a set-point for increased afferentation
      which was maintained on the shrunken somata between 7 and 120 DPO.

PMID- 4020900
TI  - Functional role of the potassium-induced stimulation of oxygen uptake in brain
      slices studied with cesium as a probe.
AB  - The potassium-induced stimulation of oxygen consumption in brain slices has a
      threshold value of 15-20 mM potassium, and it reaches its maximum at 35-50 mM.
      Although this phenomenon now has been known for almost 50 years, its
      physiological role remains undetermined. One reason for this may be that the high
      concentrations of potassium that are required for this response also have many
      other consequences, e.g., a depolarization of the cells, and that the different
      effects to some extent may mask each other. For this reason this investigation
      studied the effects of cesium, which evokes a maximal stimulation of oxygen
      consumption already at 15 mM. Like potassium, concentrations of cesium that
      stimulate oxygen consumption also lead to an enhanced swelling. Unlike potassium,
      the sodium content is affected very little by these concentrations of cesium,
      whereas cesium and chloride contents are increased. On this basis it is concluded
      that the cesium-induced stimulation of oxygen uptake is a metabolic manifestation
      of an active uptake of cesium and chloride, which secondarily leads to an uptake
      of water, i.e., the cesium-induced swelling. Analogously, it is suggested that
      the potassium-induced stimulation of oxygen uptake represents an active
      accumulation of potassium and chloride.

PMID- 4020901
TI  - Asymmetric molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in mammalian skeletal muscles.
AB  - Velocity sedimentation analysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) molecular forms
      was performed separately in endplate-rich and endplate-free regions of the
      diaphragm muscle of the rat, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, and pig, and in mm.
      erectores trunci and m. vastus lateralis in man. Several high-ionic-strength
      media were first tested to achieve better solubilization of AChE from rat muscles
      than by the usual 1 M NaCl-Triton X-100 medium. Ninety-five percent of the AChE
      from the motor endplate region of the rat diaphragm was solubilized in a single
      extraction step by medium containing 1 M lithium chloride instead of NaCl.
      Homologous molecular forms of AChE were found in all species. The asymmetric
      forms were invariably present in the endplate regions of muscles but their
      activity in endplate-free regions was much lower than in endplate regions in all
      investigated mammals except in man. Essentially the same pattern of AChE
      molecular forms was present in both regions in human muscles. High
      extrajunctional activity of the asymmetric forms makes human muscles similar to
      immature rodent muscles in vivo and in culture. The pattern of AChE molecular
      forms in the endplate region of the diaphragm in senile 24-month-old rats was not
      significantly different from that in 3-month-old animals. The persistence of the
      asymmetric AChE forms in the diaphragm of senile rats suggests that neuromuscular
      interactions do not become deficient with age in this muscle.

PMID- 4020902
TI  - Separation of cephaloridine from the rat urine contaminated by feces and diet
      pellets in high-performance liquid chromatography. Pretreatment with strongly
      basic anion exchange resin following deproteinization.
AB  - In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatographic method including a
      treatment with ion exchange resin following a deproteinization treatment, was
      studied for determination of cephaloridine in the rat urine which was
      contaminated by pieces of feces and diet pellets. The solvent system used was 10%
      acetonitrile (v/v) in 0.1 M K2 HPO4-H3 PO4 buffer, pH 7.5, and this was
      isocratically eluted on a reversed-phase column of NOVA-PAK C18. The urine sample
      containing cephaloridine was deproteinized, treated with a strongly basic anion
      exchange resin of Dowex-1-Chloride, and then chromatographed. In comparison to
      the sample treated by the simple deproteinization, the residual substances after
      the deproteinization, which interfered the cephaloridine peak, were removed by
      the following treatment with Dowex-1-Chloride, as was confirmed using a three
      dimensional computing spectrophotometric monitor. Thus, the present method is
      considered to be useful in determination of cephaloridine in such body fluids as
      urine in which many interfering substances are contained.

PMID- 4020903
TI  - A preliminary study on long term toxicity test. Age-related alterations of bone
      marrow cellularity in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.
AB  - Age-related alterations in bone marrow cellularity were examined on SD and Wistar
      SPF rats. Six rats/strain/sex were sacrificed at 58, 83, 109 and 123 or 135 weeks
      of age and quantitative assessment and categorization of the bone marrow cells
      were performed. One male and two female SD rats suffering from leukemia were
      excluded from statistics. Age-related increases of myeloblasts and plasma cells
      were observed in rats of either strain and either sex. Age-related decreases in
      percentages of lymphocytes were noticed in SD, but not in Wistar rats. Age
      related alterations in absolute numbers of marrow lymphocytes were equivocal in
      either strain.

PMID- 4020904
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in human paraquat poisoning.
AB  - The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in tissues in paraquat poisoning was
      compared between humans and rats. Lung MDA increased in humans, but not in rats
      despite of development of histological change of the lung. On the other hand,
      liver MDA increased both in humans and in rats. These findings suggest that lipid
      peroxidation may not be primary mechanism of paraquat toxicity.

PMID- 4020905
TI  - [Long-term toxicological studies with mizoribine (Bredinin) in beagle dogs (the
      first report). Blood chemistries, pharmacokinetics of mizoribine and fertility
      studies of the male dogs].
AB  - For long-term toxicological studies, mizoribine at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg body
      weight was administered orally to two male and two female Beagle dogs for 36
      consecutive months, once a day, 6 days a week, with a day-off on the 7th of each
      week. As a control group, 2 male and 2 female dogs were kept under the same
      conditions as the treated group. The above experiment resulted in no abnormal
      general symptoms being found in either group. In addition, body weight gain
      instead of weight loss was observed in both groups. Moreover, hematological and
      biological parameters were in the normal range, and no statistical difference was
      obtained between the two groups. An additional 10 mg/kg of mizoribine was
      administered once to both groups at the months of 6, 12, 18, 24, or 36 after the
      onset of this toxicological study so as to determine the pharmacokinetic behavior
      of serum mizoribine. This resulted in no significant difference being observed
      between the two groups. Therefore, it can be inferred that accumulation of
      mizoribine is not induced by its long-term repeated administration. In fertility
      study, the analysis of the sperm and the mating ability of a male dog with an
      appropriate healthy female dog revealed that mizoribine at this dose did not
      provoke any abnormalities in male gonadal functions.

PMID- 4020906
TI  - [Long-term toxicological studies with mizoribine (Bredinin) in beagle dogs (the
      second report). Pathological studies on visceral organs].
AB  - Four Beagle dogs were administrated with mizoribine 2.5 mg/kg/day for 36 months.
      Clinical and laboratory findings were fully described in the first report, in
      which no remarkable abnormalities were detected. Visceral organs of the
      experimental group and non-treated control group were submitted for pathological
      investigations. No conspicuous macroscopical and microscopical drug-induced
      changes were disclosed in the experimental group.

PMID- 4020907
TI  - Patterns of trauma care costs and reimbursements: the burden of uninsured
      motorists.
AB  - In today's rapidly changing medical-economic environment, hospitals must
      continually reexamine their services to determine which are cost efficient. We
      used a database system to analyze our financial experience with motor vehicle
      accident victims discharged between July 1982 and June 1983. We found that motor
      vehicle accidents accounted for 2.1% of discharges, but 6.6% of patient-days. The
      average length of stay was 23.8 days, more than three times the hospital average
      (7.4 days). Charges averaged +723 per day, essentially identical with the
      hospital average. In terms of patient-days, 51% of accident victims were covered
      by private insurance, 39% by Medi-Cal (California's Medicaid), and 3% by
      Medicare; 7% were uninsured and unsponsored. Hospital charges related directly to
      patient-days and were identical for the four financial categories. Overall
      reimbursement for these patients was 80.3% of charges, approximately equal to our
      estimated costs. Reimbursement as a percentage of charges varied greatly
      according to the category of sponsorship: private insurance, 90%; Medicare, 78%;
      and unsponsored, 15%. Medi-Cal paid a fixed confidential per diem rate.
      CONCLUSIONS: Caring for victims of motor vehicle accidents was a break-even
      proposition for our institution in 1982-1983. Uninsured and unsponsored patients
      produced a large deficit which of necessity had to be made up by cost shifting to
      privately insured patients or by direct tax subsidies. Motor vehicle insurance
      per se made only a modest contribution to our reimbursement for the care of these
      patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020908
TI  - The economics of fatal injury: dollars and sense.
AB  - This study reviewed the direct costs (charges for goods and services) for 77
      consecutive patients who presented to this trauma service with a Trauma Score
      (TS) of four or less. Seventy-four patients died (96.1%). The survival rates
      based upon the Trauma Scores were: TS 1, 0(0/34); TS 2, 0(0/9); TS 3, 7.7%
      (1/13); TS 4, 9.5% (2/21). Only four nonsurvivors lived more than 24 hours. The
      remaining 70 patients died within 24 hours without achieving even transient
      cardiovascular stability. Three of the 77 patients survived (3.9%) but only one
      achieved a productive recovery. The total direct cost for the 77 patients was
      +544,477.66. Physician fees, which accounted for 26.7% of the direct costs,
      averaged +1,887.57 per patient (range, 0-+11,291.00). The average direct cost for
      the three survivors was +50,138.94. The average direct cost for nonsurvivors was
      +5,325.18 (+3,383.29 for patients with a TS 1 or 2, +8,018.76 for patients with a
      TS 3 or 4). The hospital direct costs for nonsurvivors ranged from +40.00 for a
      patient declared dead on arrival to +57,817.91 for a patient who died 41 days
      after admission. It is futile to continue resuscitational efforts if a valid
      Trauma Score of 1 or 2 is confirmed shortly after the initiation of appropriate
      resuscitative measures. Continued therapy is futile for the remainder of patients
      admitted with Trauma Scores of 4 or less if they do not achieve cardiovascular
      stability in response to appropriate resuscitative measures within 1 hour of
      admission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020909
TI  - Macrophage interaction with skeletal muscle: a potential role of macrophages in
      determining the energy state of healing wounds.
AB  - A decrease in ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) is characteristic of local injury
      to skeletal muscle. Recent data have suggested adequate potential for high-energy
      phosphate production in the wounded tissue. Thus, an adequate explanation for the
      deficit in the high-energy tissue content in wounds was lacking. Since the wound
      has multiple components (muscle + cellular infiltrate), the tissue content
      represents the summation of these components. Therefore, a technique to separate
      these components was designed. Using a 0.5% solution of lambda-carrageenan as the
      wounding agent, the extensor digitorum longus muscles (EDL) of male Fisher rats
      were unilaterally wounded with intramuscular injections. Five days later, both
      wounded and contralateral nonwounded muscles were incubated in a standardized
      fashion. The groups of EDL were: wounded as described, contralateral nonwounded,
      or contralateral nonwounded with the addition to the incubate of 6 X 10(6)/ml
      lambda-carrageenan elicited peritoneal macrophages. Following incubation, the
      individual component parts of the system (muscle and macrophage) were rapidly
      frozen and assayed for high-energy phosphate and DNA content. Examination of the
      high-energy phosphate content of the separate components of a wound demonstrated
      that macrophages increased the ATP and CP content of normal skeletal muscle. Yet
      when total high-energy phosphate content was normalized for total DNA (muscle +
      macrophages) in the reconstituted system, the values approximated those of
      wounded muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4020910
TI  - Cardiac evaluation following heart injury.
AB  - Both penetrating and blunt cardiac injuries require urgent management. Delayed
      sequelae and complications have been reported to occur in 4 to 56% of survivors
      and frequently required secondary surgical corrections. Between January 1980 and
      June 1984, 204 patients presented with heart injuries. One hundred twenty-eight
      of these patients survived. Of the 90 undergoing cardiorrhaphy in the operating
      room, 78 survived. Two-dimensional (2-D) and pulsed-Doppler echocardiography
      (echo) and/or cardiac catheterization were performed in 40 patients for suspected
      significant residual injury. Eight of the 40 required secondary cardiac
      operations. Two-dimensional echo demonstrated pericardial effusion, abnormal
      chamber enlargement, abnormal cardiac wall motion, intracardiac missile, and
      intracardiac and pleural thrombus. Pulsed-Doppler findings included ventricular
      septal defect, tricuspid insufficiency and right ventricular turbulence secondary
      to arteriovenous fistulae. Cardiac catheterization detected lesions undetected by
      2-D echo in one patient with a gunshot wound. It is concluded that in the absence
      of cardiac bullets seen on routine chest X-ray, 2-D with pulsed-Doppler echo is
      an excellent screening technique. With a positive echo study or a residual bullet
      overlying the cardiac silhouette, cardiac catheterization is indicated in
      selected patients.

PMID- 4020911
TI  - Determinants of outcome in pancreatic trauma.
AB  - Pancreatic injury remains a major source of morbidity and mortality. A previous
      review of this injury from our department confirmed that the failure to recognize
      major ductal injuries was a key element in poor outcome of these patients. We
      evaluated a treatment protocol in 72 consecutive patients that categorized
      injuries into one of four grades: grade I, pancreatic contusion or minor hematoma
      with an intact capsule and no parenchymal injury; grade II, parenchymal injury
      without major ductal injury; grade III, parenchymal disruption with presumed
      ductal injury; and grade IV, severe crush injury. All grade I and most grade II
      injuries were treated by drainage alone; the grade III and IV injuries were
      treated by pancreatic resection. Fifty-seven patients survived longer than 24
      hours. There were 23 grade I patients. There were only minimal pancreatic
      complications and no deaths in this group. Of 18 patients with parenchymal
      injuries (grade II), only one death occurred, which was due to an inaccurate
      estimation of the degree of injury and delay in proper treatment. Sixteen
      patients with grade III and IV injuries were treated by resection with only one
      death, although the complications rose with increasing severity of the pancreatic
      injury. The mortality rate from pancreatic causes was 3% (2/57), a reduction from
      that in a previous report from our institution (19%). Our present study confirms
      the use of a vigorous diagnostic approach to pancreatic injuries, stresses the
      value of recognition of major ductal injury, and supports the utility of a
      treatment protocol in which clinical decisions are based on the severity of the
      pancreatic injury encountered.

PMID- 4020912
TI  - Prognosis and survival as determined by visceral amino acid clearance in severe
      trauma.
AB  - Sepsis, the commonest cause of late death following severe trauma, is related in
      part to inadequate uptake of amino acids (AA) and synthesis by the liver and
      other central tissues of proteins essential to immunological defense. Since
      'central plasma clearance rate' of amino acids (CPCR-AA) has been found to
      reflect these functions, serial measurements of CPCR-AA were made in 32 seriously
      injured patients of whom ten died (31%), nine of sepsis. The mean Index Severity
      Score on admission for survivors was 31 +/- 1.8 and in deaths 34 +/- 3.9 (N.S.).
      The blood plasma AA concentrations were not significantly different. However,
      early in the course before the onset of infection, CPCR-AA in surviving patients
      was 227 +/- 30 and in those who ultimately died 83 +/- 24 ml/M2/min (p less than
      0.001). Later during sepsis the values of CPCR-AA were 176 +/- 28 and 85 +/- 14
      ml/M2/min, respectively (p less than 0.01). Thus CPCR-AA appears to be of value
      as an indicator of amino acid utilization by central tissues and as a predictor
      of survival or death following severe trauma.

PMID- 4020914
TI  - Advances in the management of acute popliteal vascular blunt injuries.
AB  - This report evaluates critical points in the management of 30 consecutive blunt
      traumatic popliteal vascular injuries. All arterial injuries were diagnosed both
      clinically and by Doppler and PVR examinations. Twenty-eight of the 30 arterial
      reconstructions required interposition bypass grafts, nine of which were PTFE and
      the remainder were autogenous saphenous veins. In 19 patients the distal
      anastomosis was made to the distal popliteal artery and in nine patients to the
      tibial-peroneal arteries. In ten patients in whom limb survival was threatened,
      the ischemic time was shortened by the use of temporary Silastic shunt for rapid
      restoration of arterial flow. Nine patients had associated venous injuries which
      were repaired. Nine of the first 14 patients required fasciotomy but the last 16
      patients were treated with hypertonic mannitol and only two of them required
      fasciotomy. There were no amputations, but in four limbs there were functional
      losses. In spite of the more extensive damage of blunt trauma, prompt and
      aggressive management aided by vascular laboratory tests, indwelling shunt, and
      hypertonic mannitol is rewarded with preservation of limbs following acute
      popliteal vascular injuries.

PMID- 4020913
TI  - Management of blunt and penetrating external esophageal trauma.
AB  - The records of 26 patients with external blunt or penetrating esophageal trauma
      were reviewed to determine clinical features and results of therapy. Twenty-one
      injuries (four blunt, 17 penetrating) were to the cervical esophagus, and five to
      the thoracic esophagus. Major physical signs included subcutaneous air, neck
      hematoma, and blood in the nasogastric tube. Helpful roentgenographic findings
      were cervical and/or mediastinal air, mediastinal widening, pleural effusion, and
      pneumothorax (15%). Nine of 12 (75%) contrast studies and five of six (83%)
      esophagoscopies were positive. Twenty-four patients had associated injuries, the
      most common of which was tracheal (14 patients) (64%). All patients were managed
      by prompt surgical exploration, primary closure, and drainage. There were three
      early deaths. Thirteen patients had postoperative complications, four of which
      were esophageal leaks. Two of the leaks caused mediastinitis, pleural sepsis, and
      led to death. They were not treated by early esophageal exclusion or excision.
      There were no significant strictures or esophageal sequelae in the other
      patients. It is concluded that early primary closure and drainage results in a
      relatively high incidence of survival. If a thoracic esophageal leak occurs,
      aggressive management of prompt esophageal exclusion or excision is necessary to
      control sepsis and improve survival.

PMID- 4020915
TI  - Microbiologic progression of post-traumatic peritonitis.
AB  - The natural course of post-traumatic peritonitis was studied in 17 pigs.
      Following a standardized missile wound to the abdomen the pigs were operated on
      and observed in continuous anesthesia for periods up to 3 days. Bacterial density
      was measured in peritoneal exudate, parietal peritoneum, laparotomy wound, and
      projectile entrance and exit wounds at this operation and also at relaparotomy,
      which terminated the experiments. The bacterial density showed significant
      perioperative fall, averaging X 1,905 in peritoneal exudate and X 40 in parietal
      peritoneum. From a low postoperative level (mean c. 10(2)/ml or /gm), bacterial
      density increased significantly in the observation period. In peritoneal exudate
      the increase was X 4,073 and in peritoneum X 2,630. In laparotomy and projectile
      entrance and exit wounds the corresponding figures were X 234, X 126, and X 15.
      The bacterial population's perioperative reduction and subsequent proliferation
      were interpreted as reflecting the host defense, which accordingly was limited in
      capacity and duration.

PMID- 4020916
TI  - Fractures of the proximal humerus in adults.
AB  - Fractures of the proximal humerus are a common upper-extremity injury,
      particularly in the elderly. The literature suggests that the results of
      treatment of displaced fractures are generally unsatisfactory. Since Neer's
      articles in 1970 we found little reported in the literature on these fractures.
      We conclude from our review of 90 fractures that the results of treatment of
      displaced fractures continue to be unsatisfactory, and we believe that displaced
      proximal humeral fractures, along with femoral neck fractures, should be
      classified as unsolved fractures.

PMID- 4020917
TI  - Successful management of an elderly patient with multiple trauma.
AB  - An elderly female patient with multiple trauma and flail chest received thoracic
      and lumbar epidural analgesia and anesthesia, respectively, in the surgical ICU
      and the operating room. This technique provided segmental analgesia with minimal
      amounts of narcotics. This allowed for the very important early ambulation and
      absence of respiratory complications, the main cause of increased morbidity in
      this age group.

PMID- 4020918
TI  - Stubbed finger osteomyelitis.
AB  - Forceful hyperextension of the distal phalanx may result in a Salter II fracture.
      Due to the anatomic relationship of bone and nail, a 'stubbed finger' injury may
      result in an inapparent compound fracture. When nail bedding is associated with a
      distal phalangeal fracture, antibiotics should be instituted.

PMID- 4020919
TI  - Rupture of the pectoralis major tendon.
AB  - A case of a rare tendon rupture, well documented with clinical photographs,
      radiographs, and long-term followup, is reported. It is emphasized that the
      shoulder region must be carefully examined when a patient presents with a history
      compatible with pectoralis major tendon rupture. In a physically active
      individual, primary repair is very important to re-establish normal function and
      cosmetic appearance following this injury.

PMID- 4020920
TI  - Ultrastructure of the stomach of the small short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda
      c.
AB  - The normal gastric ultrastructure has been characterized for the small short
      tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda c., which is a primitive eutherian and one of
      the smallest living mammals with extraordinarily high metabolic rate. In general
      the cell types present and cytologic character of gastric mucosal, submucosal,
      and muscularis cells were similar to that reported for other more advanced small
      mammalian species. Chief cells, endocrine cells, and lamina proprial elements
      were morphologically identical to their counterpart in rats, ferrets and other
      small carnivores. Distinctive cytologic features in this species of shrew
      included the scanty monolayer or small number of mucous granules in the simple
      columnar surface epithelial cells of the mucosa, and the thin elongated shape of
      their microvilli. Dense bodies were absent in the parietal cell mitochondria of
      the shrew, though usually abundant in other mammalian parietal cells. Our data
      indicate few morphologic specializations in the shrew stomach which can be
      correlated with their high rate of food assimilation and metabolic demands,
      though future studies of mucosal biochemistry and lower gut morphology may reveal
      such adaptations.

PMID- 4020921
TI  - Isoproterenol induced fatty change in rat myocardium: freeze fracture study of
      the sarcolemma at sites of lipid droplet-membrane appositions.
AB  - Twenty four hours following subcutaneous administration of cardiotoxic doses (85
      mg/kg body weight) of isoproterenol (ISO) to male Wistar rats, we observed
      accumulation of fat droplets in surviving cardiac muscle cells. This finding is
      consistent with the well established effect of ISO, a beta-receptor stimulant
      synthetic catecholamine, on lipid metabolism. On thin section electron microscopy
      lipid droplets were numerous in all surviving cardiac muscle cells, many of them
      located in close apposition to the sarcolemmal membrane. Freeze fracture electron
      microscopy revealed at sites of lipid droplet-membrane appositions bulging areas
      of the sarcolemmal membrane. The plane of fracturing interrupted frequently these
      bulging areas leaving irregular holes in membrane faces and visualizing the
      underlying lipid droplets. Intramembrane particles were always uniformly
      distributed in bulging membrane faces and around interrupted areas suggesting
      that holes on the sarcolemmal membrane resulted from physical properties of the
      membrane cleavage and were not related to lipid droplet-membrane fusion.

PMID- 4020922
TI  - Glomerular endothelial injury related to simple hypothermic storage: an electron
      microscopic study in the rat.
AB  - The present study examined alterations in the glomerular endothelium associated
      with simple hypothermic storage. Adult rat kidneys were flushed with cold Collins
      (C2) solution and stored at 8 degrees C for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after which
      the kidneys were perfusion-fixed and processed for light and electron (scanning
      and transmission) microscopy. Glomerular endothelium exhibits a time-related
      increase in endothelial process swelling and fenestral distortion. From 48 to 96
      h of preservation, progressive cellular swelling was accompanied by focal
      elongation and disruption of the fenestral patterns. These changes contrast the
      maintenance of a normal glomerular epithelial pattern. All of the tubular
      elements, however, exhibited progressive changes through this time course
      including cellular necrosis. The glomerular changes associated with simple
      hypothermic storage are mild, being limited to the endothelium. These changes are
      probably of little functional significance when compared to the more marked
      tubular changes.

PMID- 4020923
TI  - Ciliated neurons in the paraventricular nuclei in old hamsters.
AB  - The ciliated neurons of the paraventricular nuclei in old hamsters have been
      studied by electron microscope. These neurons exhibit cilia of 9 + 0 pattern. The
      single cilia, emerging from typical basal bodies, project into the intercellular
      space in parallel to the plasmalemma. The basal bodies are connected to ciliary
      rootlets and close to the Golgi complex. Double or single centrioles in different
      locations, frequently related to rootlets, can be observed. From a morphological
      point of view we suggest that these cilia, in the aging process, may represent a
      sensory structure which could perceive stimuli from the intercellular space.

PMID- 4020924
TI  - Ultrastructure of the renal granulopoietic tissue of the Rana ridibunda tadpole.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the renal hemopoietic tissue of Rana ridibunda tadpole has
      been studied. The main cell types of granulopoietic series are described. No
      erythropoiesis was found. The heterophilic series contained a first granular
      type, similar to those described in teleosts and other lower vertebrates but
      without crystalloid and a second with similar features to 'azurophilic' granules,
      described in other vertebrates. Specific granules found in mammalians were not
      observed. The origin and development of the granules have been discussed.
      Similarly, the eosinophilic series contained two granule types. Mature
      eosinophilic leukocytes were, at all times, seen in the sinusoidal lumen, a
      crystalloid core could be either present or absent in the granules. Basophilic
      leukocytes were extremely scarce, the granule content being homogeneous or
      crystalline.

PMID- 4020925
TI  - Fine structure and cytochemistry of the endoplasmic reticulum and its association
      with the plasma membrane of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis.
AB  - Promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis possess an elaborated system of
      cytoplasmic membranes which is clearly visualized when the cells are fixed in a
      glutaraldehyde solution containing Ca++ and post-fixed in an osmium tetroxide
      solution containing Ca++ and potassium ferricyanide. When the parasites are
      incubated in a medium containing glucose-6-phosphate and lead nitrate, reaction
      product indicative of glucose-6-phosphatase activity is seen in the membrane
      system confirming that it corresponds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A large
      concentration of profiles of the ER was observed at the anterior region of the
      cell, close to the flagellar pocket, appearing as a 'proliferative focus'.
      Profiles of the ER radiate toward the periphery of the cell penetrating between
      the subpellicular microtubules and reaching the plasma membrane.

PMID- 4020926
TI  - An improved method for electron microscopic study (SEM and TEM) of vessel
      prosthesis anastomoses in microsurgery.
AB  - In order to study the replacement of vessels by biological vascular prostheses in
      microsurgery, an improved method for scanning electron microscopy preparation
      which is rapid and minimizes artifacts was developed. To limit endothelial
      surface injury, the vessel and prosthesis unity is, at first, prefixed by
      injection into one end of a 2.5% isotonic solution of glutaraldehyde. After
      fixation by osmium tetroxide, the samples are dehydrated by a graded series of
      acetone solutions and critical point dried. They are then trimmed around each
      suture line to pieces of 1 cm including 1/3 vessel and 2/3 prosthesis for further
      orientation and sectioned longitudinally, with a new razor blade, for
      microvascular anastomoses observations. The same chemical treatment applied to
      samples for transmission electron microscopy studies permitted verification of
      the good preservation of the cellular structures.

PMID- 4020927
TI  - The morphology of seminiferous tubules of human testicular biopsies. Analysis of
      the data obtained with two different techniques.
AB  - Testicular biopsies of fertile men and of azoospermic patients for vas deferens
      agenesis were processed with two different techniques, i.e. routine histological
      procedure and semithin sections of electron microscopy preparations. Tubular
      morphology, testicular biopsy score count and tubular diameter were analyzed in
      comparison. The two techniques give rise to a different qualitative and
      quantitative evaluation of all tubular parameters considered. Otherwise they
      confirm the real existence of the so-called 'tubular blockage' situation with
      central tubular cellular mass and cell degeneration.

PMID- 4020928
TI  - Transformation of erythrocytes to spherocytes following incubation with malignant
      cells.
AB  - Incubation of erythrocytes from controls and patients with colorectal carcinoma
      with tumor cells, or their metabolites, caused transformation of the normally
      shaped cells to spherocytes. It is assumed that abnormal metabolites produced by
      malignant cells affect the cell membrane inducing the subsequent appearance of
      spherocytes. The increased destruction of these cells by the reticuloendothelial
      system may serve as an additional factor for the explanation of anemia
      accompanying malignant diseases.

PMID- 4020929
TI  - Frequency distribution and 95% range of a variety of commonly measured blood
      constituents in healthy Nepalese donors.
AB  - The most frequently measured biochemical and haematological blood constituents
      were assayed in 431 healthy Nepalese blood donors. As only 19 subjects were
      female analysis of their data was confined to calculation of the geometric mean.
      For the 412 males frequency distribution, geometric mean and 95% range were
      calculated for each constituent. Male and female male values were compared. It is
      hoped that 95% normal ranges might provide a better standard against which to
      compare data from Nepalese patients than the previously used reference ranges
      derived from ethnically different populations.

PMID- 4020930
TI  - Cysticercosis in South India.
AB  - A total of 38 cases of human cysticercosis were diagnosed by histopathological
      examination within a period of 10 years in JIPMER Hospital which serves the
      population of Pondicherry and adjoining regions of South India. Analysis of our
      cases showed that there was no sex predilection and 34 of the 38 cases were
      within the first three decades of life. A curious yet striking feature was that
      in 37 of the 38 cases the lesions were localized above the level of the
      umbilicus. Lesions of the subcutaneous tissue formed the largest group with 18
      cases. Seventeen of the 38 cases were confined to the eyes, forming the largest
      series to be reported from India. In six cases there was evidence of brain
      involvement with postmortem confirmation in three. The JIPMER Hospital records
      showed a high incidence of epilepsy in this region with a ratio of one out of
      every four patients attending the neurology clinic. As cerebral cysticercosis is
      a known cause of epileptiform convulsions, it is suggested that many cases of
      epilepsy may in fact be due to cerebral cysticercosis. The majority of our
      patients were drawn from the rural population. We analysed the social customs and
      related factors which are peculiar to this region and were indirectly responsible
      for the high incidence of cysticercosis.

PMID- 4020931
TI  - Factors associated with birthweight in Bahrain.
AB  - The birthweights of 6793 infants, based on birth notification forms, were
      analysed to determine the influence of sex, geographical location, mother's
      nationality, mother's age, interval between births and number of past deliveries
      on the birthweight distribution. It was found that these factors contributed
      significantly to birthweight of the newborn, except for the mother's nationality
      and the number of past deliveries which were not significant contributory
      factors.

PMID- 4020932
TI  - Comparison of normal values of sodium and potassium in plasma of adult Nigerians
      with those of adult Europeans.
AB  - Although it has been suggested that there may be adrenocortical hypofunction in
      Africans as compared to Europeans, very few studies have been carried out to
      measure whether there is an associated difference in plasma and cellular cation
      composition. To test this, blood was collected from Nigerians and from European
      expatriates living in Port Harcourt, and serum sodium and potassium were
      measured. No differences in serum cation composition were found between the two
      races.

PMID- 4020934
TI  - Mothers' knowledge related to child health and nutrition in Ghana and Lesotho.

PMID- 4020933
TI  - A point survey of periurban and urban malaria in Karachi.
AB  - A point survey of malaria in Karachi revealed a concentration of malaria cases in
      the periurban perimeter and marginal areas where immigrating groups, including
      Afghan refugees and Biharis from Bangladesh are concentrated. Populations of
      Anopheles stephensi, Karachi's main vector, were low, and were feeding chiefly on
      buffaloes which are also concentrated along the periurban perimeter. Maintenance
      of malaria transmission in periurban zones may depend on immigration of
      susceptibles, bovid hosts which help maintain zoophilic vector populations, and
      mosquito breeding sites in water tanks or buffalo hoofprints. The vector's switch
      to man-biting behaviour may occur either due to a 'spillover' effect from buffalo
      corrals to surrounding houses, or when buffaloes become less available for
      biting. Four types of chromosome inversions were found in the Karachi An.
      stephensi; as this species is not a vector in similar habitats in Lahore and
      Pondicherry where such inversions are not prevalent, it is likely that its status
      as a vector is related to chromosomal polymorphism influencing behaviour.

PMID- 4020935
TI  - Birthweights of babies in Benin, Bendel State of Nigeria.

PMID- 4020936
TI  - Morbidity and mortality in the Mozambican famine of 1983: prevalence of
      malnutrition and causes and rates of death and illness among dislocated persons
      in Gaza and Inhambane Provinces.

PMID- 4020937
TI  - Subjective assessment of lactational performance in Gambian mothers.

PMID- 4020938
TI  - The weight-for-height chart: is it accurate enough for field surveys?

PMID- 4020939
TI  - Sudden death in measles and its relationship to serum enzyme and
      electrocardiographic changes.

PMID- 4020941
TI  - Infant mortality and socio-economic development in Mauritius.

PMID- 4020940
TI  - Foreign body airway obstruction in Nigerian children.

PMID- 4020942
TI  - Therapeutic efficacy of phenobarbital and primidone in canine epilepsy: a
      comparison.
AB  - The efficacy of phenobarbital and primidone against canine epilepsy was compared
      in a controlled study. Thirty-five dogs showing generalized tonic-clonic seizures
      (grand mal), treated for a minimum of 6 months, were included in the study;
      fifteen of these were treated with phenobarbital, the other twenty with
      primidone. Both drugs were dosed according to the clinical requirement; the daily
      doses ranged from 5-17 mg/kg phenobarbital and from 17-70 mg/kg primidone. The
      plasma concentrations of phenobarbital, or of primidone and its metabolites
      phenobarbital and phenylethylmalondiamide (PEMA), were routinely monitored.
      Complete control of tonic-clonic seizures for 6 months, at least, was attained in
      six out of fifteen dogs of the phenobarbital group, and in five out of twenty
      dogs in the primidone group. A further six dogs on phenobarbital, and seven dogs
      on primidone, were classified as 'improved', i.e. the rate of seizures was
      reduced by at least 50%. The rest of the dogs were not improved by the treatment.
      The difference between the efficacy of phenobarbital and primidone was not
      significant, but primidone gave rise to signs of liver toxicity in fourteen out
      of twenty dogs, as indicated by considerable elevations of liver enzyme values
      (alanine transferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase).
      Phenobarbital is, therefore, regarded as the drug of first choice for the
      treatment of canine epilepsy.

PMID- 4020943
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefaronide, ceftriaxone and cefoperazone in sheep.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefaronide (16 gm/kg dose), ceftriaxone and cefoperazone
      (47 gm/kg dose), after intravenous (i.v.) administration were determined in six
      Merino ewes. The mean values for terminal half life, steady state volume of
      distribution Vd(ss), renal clearance (ClR) and total body clearance (ClB) for
      cefaronide were 1.5 h, 0.39 l/kg, 0.06 l/h/kg and 0.16 l/h/kg, for ceftriaxone;
      1.7 h, 0.30 l/kg, 0.08 l/h/kg, and 0.22 l/h/kg, and 0.7 h, 0.16 l/kg, 0.02 l/h/kg
      and 0.16 l/h/kg for cefoperazone, respectively. After 5.5 h, approximately 42%
      cefaronide, and after 8 h, approximately 37% ceftriaxone and 13% cefoperazone,
      was excreted in urine. The non-renal elimination of ceftriaxone and cefoperazone
      appeared to be more rapid in sheep than is reported in man. Cefaronide was
      excreted largely unchanged in the urine of sheep. Therefore, the elimination of
      cefaronide in sheep was similar to that found in man. Cefaronide was well
      distributed in sheep, whereas ceftriaxone and cefoperazone appeared to be
      distributed to a lesser degree. These findings underline the different
      disposition of drugs in different species.

PMID- 4020944
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of probenecid in sheep.
AB  - Six Merino ewes were given 1 g (27 g/kg) probenecid by the intravenous (i.v.),
      intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes. After i.v. injection, the
      biological half-life was 1.55 h and apparent volume of distribution at the steady
      state (Vdss) 0.18 l/kg. Body clearance (ClB) and renal clearance (ClR) were 0.12
      l/h/kg and 0.03 l/h/kg, respectively. Approximately 28% of unchanged probenecid
      was excreted in urine. Plasma probenecid concentrations after i.v., i.m. and s.c.
      injections were 133, 37, and 31 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 15 min; 76, 36,
      and 34 micrograms/ml at 1 h; and 43, 23 and 34 micrograms/ml at 2 h. The average
      bioavailability of probenecid given by i.m. and s.c. injection was 46% and 34%,
      respectively. However, after 2 h, probenecid plasma concentrations remained
      higher when it was given subcutaneously than when it was given intramuscularly.
      Urine output was correlated positively (P less than 0.05) with kel and ClB. Urine
      pH increased significantly (P less than 0.01) for the first 2 h, and then
      steadily declined over the subsequent 6 h. The results suggested that probenecid
      in sheep was rapidly eliminated because it was rapidly excreted in the normal but
      alkaline urine. Subcutaneous administration of probenecid in animals may be a
      useful alternative to oral or i.v. administration.

PMID- 4020945
TI  - Phenylbutazone and its metabolites in plasma and urine of thoroughbred horses:
      population distributions and effects of urinary pH.
AB  - A survey of plasma and urinary concentrations of phenylbutazone and its
      metabolites in thoroughbred horses racing in Kentucky was carried out. Post-race
      blood samples from more than 200 horses running at Latonia Racetrack and
      Keeneland in the Spring of 1983 were analysed. The modal plasma concentration of
      phenylbutazone was between 1 and 2 micrograms/ml, the mean concentration was 3.5
      micrograms/ml and the range was up to 15 micrograms/ml. Oxyphenbutazone had a
      modal plasma concentration between 1 and 2 micrograms/ml, a mean concentration of
      2.07 micrograms/ml and a range of up to 13 micrograms/ml. gamma OH-phenylbutazone
      had a modal plasma concentration of less than 1 microgram/ml, a mean level of
      1.39 micrograms/ml and a range of up to 7.32 micrograms/ml. All plasma
      concentration frequency distributions were well fitted by log normal
      distributions. Urinary concentrations of phenylbutazone yielded modal
      concentrations of less than 1 microgram/ml, a mean urinary concentration of 2.9
      micrograms/ml, with a range of up to 30.5 micrograms/ml. This population fitted a
      log-normal distribution. For oxyphenbutazone the modal concentration was less
      than 3 micrograms/ml, the mean concentration was 15.26 micrograms/ml, with a
      range to 81.5 micrograms/ml. The frequency distribution of these samples was
      apparently bimodal. For gamma OH-phenylbutazone, the modal concentration was less
      than 4 micrograms/ml, the mean concentration 21.23 micrograms/ml, with a range of
      up to 122 micrograms/ml. The population frequency distribution for gamma OH
      phenylbutazone was indeterminate. Analysis of the pH of these post-race urine
      samples showed a bimodal frequency distribution. The pH values observed ranged
      from 4.9 to 8.7, with peaks at about pH 5.25 and 7.25. This bimodal pattern of
      urinary pH values is consistent with observations made in England and Japan.
      Urinary pH influenced the concentrations of phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone and
      gamma OH-phenylbutazone found in the urine samples. The concentration of these
      metabolites found in alkaline urines were from 32 to 225 times greater than those
      found in acidic urines. Plasma concentrations of phenylbutazone and its
      metabolites, however, were unaffected by urinary pH. In interlaboratory
      experiments, horses running at Hollywood Park were dosed with phenylbutazone at
      about 2 g/1000 lbs 24 and 48 h before racing, and a mean dose of 0.6 g/1000 lbs
      at 72 h prior to racing. Post-race plasma samples from these horses showed
      phenylbutazone concentrations ranging from 0.44 to 9.97 micrograms/ml, with a
      mean concentration of 4.09 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4020946
TI  - Effect of lidamidine-HCl on Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin-induced
      jejunal water and electrolyte secretion in neonatal piglets.
AB  - Neonatal piglets were anesthetized, and two jejunal loops, 20 cm in length, were
      prepared. Then, either water or 0.12, 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg of lidamidine-HCl
      was injected intraduodenally on a randomized basis, one treatment per pig.
      Following this, a crude heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) preparation produced from E.
      coli no. 1261 was injected into the proximal jejunal loop, and trypticase soy
      broth (TSB) (with osmolality adjusted to equal the enterotoxin preparation) was
      injected into the distal jejunal loop. Piglets remained anesthetized for 3 h and
      were then killed. Fluid was collected from the loops for measurement of volume
      and Na, K and Cl concentration. Empty loop lengths were measured. There was a
      significant dose-related reduction of volume and Cl content, and a dose-related,
      but not significant, reduction in Na content in St-treated loops. A comparison of
      the mean differences in responses between toxin- and TSB-treated loops indicated
      that the major 'counter-toxic' effect of the lidamidine was a dose-related
      increase in water and electrolyte absorption.

PMID- 4020947
TI  - The effect of copper on intact cattle erythrocytes.
AB  - The effect of copper on intact cattle erythrocytes was investigated in vitro.
      When treated with copper, a decrease in the GSH content, accumulation of copper
      in the cell, loss of potassium and gain of sodium, cross-linking of membrane
      proteins, and echinocytic transformation were observed. All of these phenomena
      seem to be caused by a potent oxidant action of copper. These cytotoxic effects
      of copper were markedly inhibited by the addition of bovine serum albumin in the
      incubation medium. These results may help to understand the mechanism of
      hemolysis associated with copper poisoning in vivo.

PMID- 4020948
TI  - The effect of intermittent treatment with sulphadimidine on coccidiosis in
      preruminant calves.
AB  - Preruminant calves excreted coccidia oocysts in their faeces after 3 weeks of
      group housing. Two weeks of oral sulphadimidine (SDM) administration, 50 mg/kg on
      the first day of treatment followed by daily administration of 37.5 mg/kg, under
      the same housing conditions kept the faeces free of oocysts. Three weeks later,
      these calves excreted oocysts again. Repetition of the same treatment for 2 weeks
      controlled the infection again, but a second treatment for 5 days did not
      suffice. The repeated long treatment affected immunoglobulin levels adversely.
      SDM given repeatedly at a lower dose rate (30 mg/kg) for 1-week periods with
      medication-free intervals of 1 week controlled the infection and no adverse
      effects were noted. In comparison with controls, weight gains were greater in
      treated calves.

PMID- 4020949
TI  - Furazolidone concentrations in plasma, milk and some tissues of Nubian goats.
AB  - The concentrations of furazolidone (FZ) in plasma and milk were measured in goats
      treated orally with the drug at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 daily for 5 days. The
      maximum plasma concentrations obtained were 1.57 +/- 0.52 micrograms ml-1 (n = 5)
      8 h after the first dose, and 2.13 +/- 0.11 micrograms ml-1 (n = 4) 6 h after the
      fifth dose. The maximum milk concentration was 0.88 +/- 0.32 micrograms ml-1 (n =
      4) 8 h following the administration of a single dose. Using a colorimetric
      method, FZ was not detectable in goats' liver or muscle after the recommended
      therapeutic dose (10 mg kg-1, 5 days). However, using an HPLC method, the drug
      was detected 24 h after the treatment in the gluteal muscle and liver at
      concentrations of 0.26 +/- 0.01 microgram g-1 (n = 5) and 0.10 +/- 0.02 microgram
      g-1 (n = 5), respectively. The drug concentrations decreased significantly (P
      less than 0.05-0.01) at 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment, and no measurable
      concentrations were found after 10 days.

PMID- 4020950
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in the horse following intravenous and intramuscular
      administration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of amikacin sulfate (AK) were studied in the horse after
      intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration. Serum (Cs), synovial
      (Csf) and peritoneal (Cpf) fluid concentrations of the drug were measured. Doses
      of 4.4, 6.6 and 11.0 mg/kg were given. The concentrations at 15 min following
      i.v. injection were 30.3 +/- 0.3, 61.2 +/- 6.9 and 122.8 +/- 7.4 micrograms/ml,
      respectively, for the 4.4, 6.6 and 11.0 mg/kg doses. Mean peak Cs values after
      the intramuscular injections occurred at 1.0 h post-injection and were 13.3 +/-
      1.6, 23.0 +/- 0.6 and 29.8 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml, respectively. The t 1/2 of
      amikacin was 1.44, 1.57 and 1.14 h for the 4.4, 6.6 and 11.0 mg/kg doses,
      respectively. In this study, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of amikacin
      sulfate were determined for six pathogens. Based on the MIC and the
      pharmacokinetic parameters, it would appear that the usual therapeutic dose of
      amikacin would be between 4.4 and 6.6 mg/kg twice daily and, for the more serious
      life-threatening infections, dosing three times a day.

PMID- 4020951
TI  - Absorption kinetics and bioavailability of phenobarbital after oral
      administration to dogs.

PMID- 4020952
TI  - A clinical evaluation of Samorin in Trypanosoma evansi infections in Camelus
      dromedarius.

PMID- 4020953
TI  - Uncoating of vaccinia virus.
AB  - Input vaccinia virus deoxyribonucleoproteids with buoyant densities (in CsCl)
      very similar (if not identical) to those of viral cores have been found in large
      cytoplasmic structures in which viral DNA replication takes place. The
      deoxyribonucleoproteids consist of at least five major and two minor core
      proteins and viral DNA which is protected against DNase digestion. It is
      suggested that viral core-like deoxyribonucleoproteids rather than released DNA
      are used in vaccinia-infected cells both for delayed-early gene transcription and
      viral DNA replication.

PMID- 4020954
TI  - Interactions among the three adenovirus core proteins.
AB  - Interactions among the three adenovirus core polypeptides V, VII, and mu were
      examined, using the reversible chemical cross-linker dithiobis(succinimidyl
      propionate) and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cross-linked
      species obtained from gradient-purified adenovirus type 2 cores were well
      represented among the cross-linked products of pentonless virions and crude core
      preparations. The more efficiently formed cross-linked core species were also
      identified with the arginine-specific cross-linker, p-azidophenyl glyoxal. In
      addition to dimers of polypeptides V and VII, efficient cross-linking of V to
      VII, V to mu, and VII to V to mu was detected in adenovirus cores. Notably absent
      were cross-linked species corresponding to higher multimers of polypeptide VII. A
      major core-capsid interaction appeared to be via the association of polypeptide V
      with a dimer of polypeptide VI.

PMID- 4020956
TI  - A defective ecotropic provirus closely linked to the albino locus.
AB  - A congenic mouse strain (NFS.C) carrying the albino region of chromosome 7 from
      strain C58/Lw on an ecotropic virus-negative NFS background inherited a
      noninducible but apparently full-size provirus reactive with an ecotropic virus
      specific probe. This unexpressed ecotropic provirus maps close to the albino
      locus but is distinct from the Fgv-1 provirus located in the same region. The
      presence of this unique provirus in the albino region of chromosome 7 is
      potentially important, since it may provide a means of obtaining molecular clones
      of a chromosomal region, deletions of which are involved in profound metabolic,
      reproductive, and embryological abnormalities.

PMID- 4020955
TI  - Adenovirus types 2 and 5 functions elicit replication and late expression of
      adenovirus type 12 DNA in hamster cells.
AB  - Human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) cannot replicate in hamster cells. There is a
      complete block of viral DNA replication and of the expression of late viral
      genes. Early viral functions are expressed. In contrast, hamster cells are
      permissive for human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2). Some of the Ad12-specific functions
      are insufficient to support viral replication in hamster cells, or else cellular
      functions are missing or inhibitory for Ad12 replication. It was shown that the
      block in the replication and late expression of the Ad12 genome in hamster cells
      could, at least in part, be complemented by Ad2 and adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)
      functions. When hamster cells were coinfected with Ad2 (or Ad5) and Ad12, both
      Ad2 (Ad5) and Ad12 DNA replicated. Ad2 (Ad5) virions were produced in double
      infected hamster cells. The assembly of intact Ad12 virions was not detectable by
      the techniques used here. The analysis was further refined by Ad12 superinfecting
      Ad2- or Ad5-transformed cells which carried in an integrated form defined
      fragments of the Ad2 or Ad5 genome. Persistence and continued expression of the
      left terminus of the Ad2 or Ad5 DNA in these cells has been documented and helped
      to support replication and late expression of Ad12 DNA. It remains to be
      determined which of the E1 functions of Ad2 or Ad5 were responsible for the
      helper effect. Investigations on the biochemical mechanism of this
      complementation will entail studies on very complex viral and possibly cellular
      functions involved in the control of viral gene expression.

PMID- 4020957
TI  - Quantitative aspects of passive immunity to respiratory syncytial virus infection
      in infant cotton rats.
AB  - The amount of passively acquired serum respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
      neutralizing antibodies required to protect the respiratory tract of cotton rats
      against infection was studied. Infant cotton rats were inoculated
      intraperitoneally with various dilutions of a single pool of sera derived from
      cotton rats convalescent from RSV infection. After 24 h, these animals were
      inoculated with RSV intranasally. Virus replication in the respiratory tract was
      suppressed in cotton rats which had a serum neutralizing antibody titer of 1:100
      or greater. Resistance was greater in the lungs than in the nose. Complete or
      almost complete resistance in the lungs was observed in cotton rats with a serum
      neutralizing antibody titer of 1:380 or greater. The level of serum RSV
      neutralizing antibodies required to confer significant resistance to infection in
      the cotton rat was similar to the level of maternally derived serum antibodies
      possessed by human infants less than 2 months of age, who as a group exhibit
      relative resistance to RSV disease compared with infants 2 to 6 months of age.

PMID- 4020958
TI  - Identification and characterization of a porcine parvovirus nonstructural
      polypeptide.
AB  - Sera from porcine parvovirus (PPV)-infected swine fetuses immunoprecipitated and
      84- to 86-kilodalton polypeptide in addition to the A and B virion structural
      proteins. This polypeptide, designated NS-1, was present in PPV-infected cell
      lysates but not in purified virions. Partial proteolysis mapping revealed that NS
      1 was not related to the A and B viral structural proteins. All three proteins in
      infected cells were phosphorylated at serine residues, and NS-1 also contained
      phosphothreonine. From pulse-labeling experiments with either 32Pi or
      [35S]methionine, NS-1 was found to first appear 5 to 7 h postinfection, whereas
      the viral structural polypeptides were first synthesized 9 to 11 h postinfection.
      Pulse-chase experiments revealed that NS-1 initially appeared as an 84-kilodalton
      protein and was subsequently structurally modified to forms of slower
      electrophoretic mobilities. The time of appearance of NS-1 after virus infection
      coincided with the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, suggesting that this
      polypeptide (and the modified forms thereof) may be involved in PPV replication.

PMID- 4020959
TI  - Development of resistance of enterocytes to rotavirus in neonatal,
      agammaglobulinemic piglets.
AB  - The first part of this report describes the development of a technique for
      evaluating the growth of rotavirus under controlled conditions that approximate a
      natural infection. A standard dose of rotavirus (approximately 10(9) viral
      particles) was injected into ligated segments in the small intestine of newborn,
      agammaglobulinemic, colostrum-deprived piglets. After various periods
      postinoculation, the segments were retrieved and the enterocytes were evaluated
      for the presence of rotaviral antigens by immunofluorescence and rotaviral
      particles by transmission electron microscopy. Peak immunofluorescence in
      enterocytes was detected at 8 h postinoculation in the upper and middle jejunum
      and ileum. Transmission electron microscopy at this time revealed fully formed
      virions which were not seen in sections examined before this 8-h period. The
      second part of our study describes the use of ligated segments in determining the
      susceptibility to rotavirus of enterocytes in piglets ranging in age from newborn
      to 2 weeks. By the time piglets were 2 days old, enterocytes in the upper half of
      the small intestines appeared to be resistant to rotavirus, whereas those in the
      lower half seemed partially resistant. Between 4 and 8 days of age, enterocytes
      in the lower half also became resistant. Resistance paralleled the loss in
      capacity of piglets to transport macromolecules through enterocytes and was not
      correlated with the loss in capacity to internalize macromolecules.

PMID- 4020960
TI  - Degradation of cellular mRNAs induced by a virion-associated factor during herpes
      simplex virus infection of Vero cells.
AB  - We have used Northern blot hybridization to study the accumulation of specific
      cellular mRNAs in Vero cells infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or
      type 2. HSV-1 infection decreased the cytoplasmic levels of beta- and gamma
      actin, beta-tubulin, and histone H3 and H4 mRNAs, though not all at the same
      rate. HSV-2 infection resulted in a more rapid decrease in actin and histone mRNA
      levels compared with HSV-1 infection. The turnover rate of each type of mRNA
      studied was accelerated in HSV-infected cells compared with the rate in
      uninfected cells. Cellular mRNA degradation was induced by HSV infection under
      conditions of (i) inhibition of de novo protein synthesis, (ii) inhibition of de
      novo RNA synthesis, (iii) infection with HSV-1(17) tsK, which fails to produce
      early and late viral gene products at the nonpermissive temperature, and (iv)
      infection with purified virions in the presence of actinomycin D. We have
      concluded that, in Vero cells, cellular mRNA degradation is induced by a factor
      associated with the infecting HSV virion and thus does not require de novo RNA or
      protein synthesis. Despite the overall inhibition of cellular mRNA accumulation,
      a novel 2.2-kilobase cytoplasmic actin transcript was produced in HSV-infected
      cells when viral gene expression was allowed. The level of accumulation of
      cytoplasmic host mRNAs was compared with the rate of cellular protein synthesis
      under different conditions of infection. This analysis suggests that both HSV-1
      and HSV-2 require an additional function(s) to completely inhibit cellular
      protein synthesis.

PMID- 4020961
TI  - Golgi-derived membranes that contain an acylated viral polypeptide are used for
      vaccinia virus envelopment.
AB  - A 37,000-dalton polypeptide (p37K) present on purified extracellular vaccinia
      virus but absent from intracellular virus particles of classical morphology (G.
      Hiller et al., J. Virol. 39:903-913, 1981; L. G. Payne, J. Virol. 27:28-37, 1978)
      was further characterized. The polypeptide was only expressed in infected cells
      after onset of viral DNA replication. Phase partition experiments showed that it
      is relatively hydrophobic. Although p37K apparently is not a glycoprotein, in
      vivo radioisotope labeling detected tightly associated palmitic acid. Antibodies
      to p37K were used to monitor its distribution within infected cells at the light
      and electron microscopic levels. After synthesis p37K first accumulated in the
      Golgi region due to a tight membrane association. During progressing infection
      p37K-carrying membranes were used to form double-walled envelopes around brick
      shaped vaccinia particles. Within these specialized vesicles vaccinia particles
      were moved through the cytoplasm toward the cell's surface, presumably along
      cellular routes for certain secretory products. Finally, single enveloped viruses
      were released into the extracellular space by an exocytotic process.

PMID- 4020962
TI  - Analyses of the mRNA transcription processes of snowshoe hare bunyavirus S and M
      RNA species.
AB  - The time course of synthesis of snowshoe hare bunyavirus small (S)- and medium
      (M)-sized viral RNA (vRNA), viral cRNA (vcRNA), and mRNA species was analyzed by
      using single-stranded DNA probes representing the S- and M-coded gene products.
      In the presence of puromycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, the subgenomic S
      mRNA species were detected, but not full-length S vcRNA or S vRNA species. No M
      related RNA species were identified in puromycin-treated cells. In the absence of
      puromycin, full-length M and S vRNA, S vcRNA, and subgenomic S mRNA species were
      observed, as well as apparently full-length M vcRNA species, presumably including
      the approximately similar-sized M mRNA species. The 5' ends of the S and M mRNA
      species have been shown to be heterogeneous and some 12 to 17 bases longer than
      the ends of their corresponding presumptive replicative vcRNA species, in
      agreement with an earlier report that they represent nonviral primer sequences
      (D. H. L. Bishop, M. E. Gay, and Y. Matsuoko, Nucleic Acids Res. 11:6409-6418,
      1983). The 3' ends of the M and S mRNA species were found to be shorter by some
      60 and 100 nucleotides, respectively, than those of their corresponding full
      length vcRNA species. Comparison of the 3' noncoding regions of the S and M vcRNA
      species revealed that there are conserved sequences following the translation
      termination codons of the two RNA species. One of these conserved sequences is a
      pyrimidine-rich template sequence that is approximately 20 nucleotides beyond the
      deduced S mRNA transcription termination site.

PMID- 4020963
TI  - Genetic mapping of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus pathogenicity: virulence in
      guinea pigs is associated with the L RNA segment.
AB  - The Armstrong CA 1371 (ARM) and WE strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
      (LCMV) differ in the ability to produce disease in adult guinea pigs. Infection
      with the ARM strain is not lethal, even at high virus doses (greater than 10,000
      PFU), whereas the WE strain causes 100% mortality even at low doses (less than 10
      PFU). To determine the genetic basis of this virulence, intertypic reassortants
      were made between the ARM and WE strains of LCMV. The two reassortants with the
      genotypes WE/ARM (L segment of WE and S segment of ARM) and ARM/WE (L segment of
      ARM and S segment of WE) were tested for their pathogenicity in guinea pigs. The
      ARM/WE reassortant was avirulent like the ARM/ARM parental strain. Minimal viral
      replication was observed in organs of guinea pigs inoculated with 10(2) or 10(5)
      PFU of ARM/ARM or ARM/WE, and all animals survived. In contrast, the WE/ARM
      reassortant was highly virulent like the WE/WE parental strain and killed all of
      the infected animals. High levels of viral replication were observed in guinea
      pigs infected with the latter two strains. In contrast to these in vivo
      observations, both the parental strains and the ARM/WE or WE/ARM reassortants had
      similar growth potential in cultured guinea pig fibroblasts. Thus, the L RNA
      segment of LCMV WE is important for viral replication in vivo and is associated
      with fatal acute disease after infection of adult guinea pigs.

PMID- 4020964
TI  - Interaction between various polymerized human albumins and hepatitis B surface
      antigen.
AB  - A variety of albumin polymers were prepared and tested for binding with hepatitis
      B surface antigen (HBsAg): synthetic polymers cross-linked by either
      glutaraldehyde or carbodiimide; heat-aggregated polymers made by heating albumin
      solutions at 60 degrees C for 10 h with or without albumin stabilizer; and
      polymers isolated from fresh or long-stored commercial therapeutic albumin
      solutions. A sensitive solid-phase, competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassay,
      which can detect as little as 10 ng of glutaraldehyde-cross-linked human albumin
      polymer (PHALB-G), was developed and used to measure binding. The binding of
      PHALB-G with HBsAg was 150- to 1,000-fold greater than that of any other albumin
      polymer. Glutaraldehyde-cross-linked bovine albumin polymer showed no binding.
      Albumin monomer and dimer fractions produced by glutaraldehyde treatment
      exhibited some binding, albeit much weaker than PHALB-G. As measured by a direct
      binding assay with solid-phase PHALB-G, the attachment of HBsAg particles from
      sera positive for antibody to the e antigen was less efficient than that from
      sera positive for e antigen, even when all sera were tested at equal HBsAg
      concentrations. In protein blot experiments with radiolabeled albumin
      preparations, PHALB-G bound almost exclusively to HBsAg polypeptide P31 and
      showed no binding with the major polypeptides P23 and P26. None of the other
      radiolabeled albumin polymers was reactive. These results indicate that the
      interaction between PHALB-G and HBsAg is not due to polymerization of albumin per
      se, but rather is unique and site specific.

PMID- 4020965
TI  - Identification and predicted sequence of a previously unrecognized small
      hydrophobic protein, SH, of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5.
AB  - A previously unrecognized gene (SH) has been identified on the virion RNA of the
      paramyxovirus simian virus 5 between the genes for the fusion protein and the
      hemagglutinin-neuraminidase. An SH mRNA of 292 nucleotides (plus polyadenylate
      residues), transcribed from the SH gene, has been identified. The SH mRNA
      contains a single open reading frame which encodes a polypeptide of 44 amino
      acids with a molecular weight of 5,012. The SH polypeptide is predicted to
      contain an extensive hydrophobic region. This protein has been identified in
      simian virus 5-infected cells, and it has been shown to be encoded by the SH mRNA
      by in vitro translation of size-fractionated mRNAs, hybrid-arrest translation,
      and hybrid-selection translation.

PMID- 4020966
TI  - ts1, a Paralytogenic mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB, has an enhanced
      ability to replicate in the central nervous system and primary nerve cell
      culture.
AB  - A temperature-sensitive mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB (MoMuLV-TB),
      ts1, which is defective in intracellular processing of envelope precursor protein
      (Pr80env), also possesses the ability to induce hind-limb paralysis in infected
      mice. To investigate whether ts1 has acquired neurotropism and to determine to
      what extent it can replicate in the central nervous system, we compared viral
      titers in the spleen, plasma, spinal cord, and brain throughout the course of
      infection of mice infected with ts1 and parental wild-type (wt) MoMuLV-TB. In
      both the ts1- and wt-inoculated mice, the concentrations of infectious virus
      recovered from the plasma and spleen increased rapidly and reached a plateau by
      10 days postinfection (p.i.). In contrast, virus concentrations in the spinal
      cord and brain of ts1-inoculated mice increased gradually and reached a titer
      comparable to that in the spleen and exceeding that in the plasma only at 25 to
      30 days p.i. At this time, the virus titer was approximately 200X greater in ts1
      infected spinal cord tissue and approximately 20X greater in ts1-infected brain
      tissue than in the same wt-infected tissues. Paralysis became evident at 25 to 30
      days p.i. in ts1-inoculated mice, whereas the wt-inoculated mice were normal. In
      addition, a substantial amount of Pr80env was detected in the spinal cords of ts1
      inoculated mice compared with that found in the spinal cords of wt-inoculated
      mice. The infectious virus isolated from ts1-infected nerve tissue was found to
      possess the characteristic phenotype of the ts1 virus. Microscopic lesions of ts1
      inoculated mice at 30 days p.i. consisted of vacuolar degeneration of motor
      neurons and spongy change of white matter in the brain stem and spinal cord.
      Similar but less severe lesions were observed in wt-inoculated mice. With primary
      cultures of central nervous system tissue we showed that ts1 can infect and
      replicate in both neuron and glial cells. In contrast, although wt MoMuLV-TB
      replicated in glial cell-rich culture, viral replication was barely detectable in
      neuron-rich culture.

PMID- 4020967
TI  - Pathogenesis of street rabies virus infections in resistant and susceptible
      strains of mice.
AB  - Seven strains of mice were examined to determine why susceptibility differences
      and variations in clinical central nervous system (CNS) disease occurred among
      these animals after intraperitoneal inoculation of street rabies virus (SRV).
      Trace experiments for infectious virus indicated that these differences were
      associated with restriction of virus replication within the CNS. Limitation of
      viral replication appeared to correlate with the antibody response in that
      prominent serum anti-SRV neutralizing antibody titers were detected in resistant
      strains, whereas susceptible strains produced minimal amounts of antibody until
      their death. The importance of the immune response was reaffirmed with
      cyclophosphamide studies in that all resistant SJL/J mice died after
      immunosuppressive treatment. In contrast, cyclophosphamide-treated SJL/J mice
      whose immune systems were reconstituted with either unfractionated immune spleen
      cells or with sera 24 h after SRV inoculation survived a lethal dose of SRV. More
      importantly, immunosuppressed SJL/J and immunodeficient athymic mice were
      protected when reconstituted with immune serum 72 h after SRV inoculation, a time
      in which infectious virus was detected in the spinal cords of some mice but was
      not present in the peritoneal cavity. Additional studies showed that antibody in
      the cerebrospinal fluid was unimportant in the resistance of mouse strains which
      remained clinically asymptomatic, but it appeared to be associated with the
      survival of mice which developed clinical CNS disease. Furthermore, CNS
      resistance to intranasal or intracerebral inoculation with challenge virus
      standard rabies virus developed as early as 5 days post-intraperitoneal
      inoculation of SRV.

PMID- 4020968
TI  - Infectious entry of murine retroviruses into mouse cells: evidence of a
      postadsorption step inhibited by acidic pH.
AB  - The entry into cells by many enveloped RNA viruses is accomplished by endocytosis
      and subsequent penetration of the endosomal membrane by an acidic pH-dependent
      fusion event. In the current study, we examined early events in the infectious
      entry of mouse retroviruses, using as a framework the observation that infection
      of a mouse tail skin cell line by the ecotropic virus Friend murine leukemia
      virus was inhibited at mildly acidic pH (pH 6). This inhibition operated on a
      postadsorption step, since binding of virus was unaffected at this pH. The rate
      of penetration of preadsorbed virus, which displayed first-order kinetics, was
      markedly affected by changes in the pH of the medium. The half-time for
      disappearance of infectious cell surface virus at 37 degrees C was approximately
      10 min at pH 7.6. At pH 6.0, however, greater than 98% of the adsorbed
      infectivity remained at the cell surface after 45 min. This cell surface virus,
      though not infecting the cell at pH 6.0, retained its capacity to enter and
      infect the cell when the pH of the medium was raised. Acidic pH had little effect
      on the rate of fluid uptake by the cells, as measured by internalization of
      [3H]sucrose, indicating that global inhibition of endocytosis had not occurred.
      In contrast, cell fusion induced by Friend murine leukemia virus was optimal at
      pH 7.6 but markedly inhibited at a pH of less than 6.4. This inhibitory effect of
      acidic pH on membrane fusion is unique among the enveloped viruses which have
      been studied and would preclude entry of Friend murine leukemia virus from within
      acidified endocytic vesicles. Entry of other members of the ecotropic, mink cell
      focus-forming, and xenotropic host range groups displayed similar pH sensitivity.
      However, one xenotropic virus was relatively resistant to the effect of acidic
      pH, suggesting that differences might exist in the requirements for entry of
      different retroviruses.

PMID- 4020969
TI  - Effect of monensin on the assembly of Uukuniemi virus in the Golgi complex.
AB  - The effect of the carboxylic ionophore monensin on the maturation of Uukuniemi
      virus, a bunyavirus, and the transport of its two membrane glycoproteins, G1 and
      G2, were studied in chicken embryo fibroblasts and baby hamster kidney cells.
      Virus maturation, which occurs in the Golgi complex (E. Kuismanen, K. Hedman, J.
      Saraste, and R. F. Pettersson, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:1444-1458, 1982; E. Kuismanen,
      B. Bang, M. Hurme, and R. F. Pettersson, J. Virol. 51:137-146, 1984), was
      effectively inhibited by the drug (1 or 10 microM) as studied by electron
      microscopy and by assaying the release of infectious or radiolabeled virus.
      Immunoelectron microscopy showed that association of viral nucleocapsids with the
      cytoplasmic surface of glycoprotein-containing Golgi membranes, a prerequisite
      for virus budding, was unaffected by monensin. In the presence of the drug, the
      virus glycoproteins assembled into long, tubular structures extending into the
      lumen of Golgi-derived vacuoles, suggesting that monensin inhibited a terminal
      step in the assembly of the virus. Intracellular transport and expression of the
      virus membrane glycoproteins G1 and G2 at the cell surface were not inhibited by
      monensin as studied by immunocytochemical and radiolabeling techniques. Pulse
      chase experiments in the presence of monensin showed that intracellular G1
      acquired only partially endo-H-resistant glycans. The sialylation of G1 appearing
      on the cell surface in the presence of the drug was decreased, whereas
      sialylation of G2 apparently was inhibited to a lesser extent, as shown by
      external labeling of the cells with the periodate-boro[3H]hydride method. Thus,
      monensin exerted a differential effect on the terminal glycosylation of G1 and
      G2. Unlike several membrane and secretory glycoproteins, both G1 and G2 could
      enter a functional transport pathway in the presence of monensin and become
      expressed at the cell surface.

PMID- 4020970
TI  - Properties of monoclonal antibodies against glycoproteins of western equine
      encephalitis virus.
AB  - To analyze the biological activities of the alphavirus glycoproteins, eight
      different monoclonal antibodies against the two glycoproteins of western equine
      encephalitis virus were isolated. Five of the eight monoclonal antibodies were
      shown to be specific for E1 and three for E2 protein by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay and by radioimmunoprecipitation. Three of the five anti-E1
      and all of the anti-E2 monoclonal antibodies inhibited hemagglutination by
      purified virions. One anti-E1 and two anti-E2 monoclonal antibodies possessed
      high virus-neutralizing activity.

PMID- 4020971
TI  - mRNA activity of a Sindbis virus defective-interfering RNA.
AB  - We obtained Sindbis defective-interfering particles by nine and undiluted
      passages of standard virus on chicken embryo fibroblasts. These particles contain
      a deleted 20S RNA molecule which has mRNA activity, as shown by translation in
      cell-free systems in vitro. In infected cells, this mRNA activity appeared to be
      totally inhibited except at very late times postinfection.

PMID- 4020973
TI  - Recognition, qualification and certification.

PMID- 4020972
TI  - trans-Activation of parvovirus P38 promoter by the 76K noncapsid protein.
AB  - The autonomously replicating parvoviruses contain a 5-kilobase linear single
      stranded DNA genome that produces two noncapsid proteins, N1 and N2, and two
      overlapping capsid proteins, VP1 and VP2. To characterize the regulation of viral
      transcription, we began with a study of the promoter for the coat proteins (P38)
      at map unit 38. Various constructions containing the P38 promoter were fused to
      the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat), and the relative
      efficiency of expression was determined in the presence and absence of parvovirus
      gene products. Our results show that the P38 promoter is a weak promoter without
      a trans-activation mediated by the 76,000-molecular-weight (76K) N1 protein. The
      N1 protein, supplied either by superinfection with virus or cotransfection with
      the cloned N1 gene, increased greatly the expression of the P38 promoter. In
      addition, sequences 3' to the promoter, within the region + 127 to + 648
      (assuming an mRNA start site at 2008), were required for optimal expression but
      not for trans-activation. These results suggest that the production of parvovirus
      capsid proteins is under the indirect control of the P4 promoter and one of its
      gene products.

PMID- 4020974
TI  - Nonoperative management of renal stab wounds.
AB  - A prospective clinical study of 54 patients with stab wounds and hematuria was
      conducted to evaluate the safety of selective nonoperative management compared to
      mandatory surgical exploration of these patients. In the absence of signs of
      severe blood loss, associated intra-abdominal injury or major abnormality on the
      excretory urogram patients were randomized to undergo mandatory surgery (group 1)
      or nonoperative management (group 2). Patients with signs of severe blood loss,
      associated intra-abdominal injury or gross abnormality on excretory urography
      were selected for an operation (group 3). The rate of probably needless
      operations (defined as minor renal injury without associated intra-abdominal
      lacerations) was 78 per cent in group 1 and 0 per cent in group 3. Pulmonary
      complications occurred in 33 per cent of the patients in group 1, 4 per cent in
      group 2 and 38 per cent in group 3. Despite an operation delayed renal hemorrhage
      occurred in 1 patient (5 per cent) in group 1 and 2 (15 per cent) in group 3, and
      resulted in nephrectomy in 2 of these patients. No instance of secondary
      hemorrhage occurred in group 2 patients. The mean length of hospitalization was
      9, 5 and 11 days in groups 1 to 3, respectively. Our results indicate that the
      selective nonoperative management of patients with renal stab wounds can lead to
      a decrease in the rate of unnecessary operations, postoperative complications and
      length of hospitalization compared to a policy of mandatory surgical
      intervention.

PMID- 4020975
TI  - Cystadenocarcinoma of the kidney: a profile of 13 cases.
AB  - Cystadenocarcinoma is an uncommon variant of renal cell carcinoma that is cystic
      in appearance. Our experience with 13 of these tumors is presented. The
      biological behavior was similar to renal cell carcinoma in general, although a
      greater proportion presented as stage I lesions. Computerized tomography and cyst
      aspiration may be helpful to differentiate these tumors from simple cysts.

PMID- 4020976
TI  - Anterior bladder tube: 4 forms for incontinence of different etiology.
AB  - We treated 20 male and 7 female patients with total urinary incontinence of
      variable etiology by construction of 4 different forms of the anterior bladder
      flap tube. The Tanagho procedure was used in 10 patients and 3 variants of the
      operation were fashioned to correct the particular defects present in the
      remaining 17. The high success rate of 85 per cent is due largely to the
      selection of the proper form of the tube for each case of urinary incontinence.

PMID- 4020977
TI  - Fractures of the penis seen in Abu Dhabi.
AB  - We report on 9 patients with fracture of the penis seen during 5 years in a
      single hospital serving only part of a city population of less than 300,000
      persons. Of the 9 patients 7 were expatriates unaccompanied by their wives. This
      factor possibly is significant in the social etiology of this injury. Two
      patients presented late and were managed conservatively, with a poor result in 1
      who was not lost to followup. Of the 7 patients who underwent immediate penile
      exploration, evacuation of hematoma and repair of the defect 6 had no resultant
      penile deformity and 1 had mild shaft curvature on erection, while all retained
      erectile potency. We advocate an operation as the method of treatment.

PMID- 4020978
TI  - Dynamic cavernosography: venous outflow studies of cavernous bodies.
AB  - Based on dynamic cavernosography studies in 15 patients, including 8 with
      simultaneous passive erection, we present more precise details of the venous
      drainage of the penis. The venous drainage is comprised of 3 different systems.
      The superficial dorsal vein drains mainly the penile skin and prepuce, and
      empties via the external pudendal veins into the femoral vein. The deep dorsal
      vein, located between the tunica albuginea and Buck's fascia, drains the glans
      and all 3 corpora. The venae profundae penis emerge from each crus of the corpora
      cavernosa and drain only the corpora themselves. Considerable individual
      differences were found regarding further drainage via the pelvic venous system,
      including the prostatovesical plexus and internal pudendal veins. Passive
      erection was tried in 11 patients and was successful immediately after
      cavernosography in 8. The flow rates to induce an erection averaged 111 ml. per
      minute (range 55 to 160 ml. per minute), while the rate to maintain the erection
      was 48 ml. per minute (range 12 to 90 ml. per minute).

PMID- 4020979
TI  - Early orchiectomy for patients with stage D1 prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - Staging lymphadenectomy revealed stage D1 disease in 30 of 94 patients with
      clinically localized prostatic carcinoma. Early orchiectomy resulted in a 46 per
      cent treatment failure rate after 45 months and established local disease control
      in almost all patients. The interval to treatment failure in this group compares
      favorably to the progression rate in patients treated with other modalities.

PMID- 4020980
TI  - Detrusor areflexia in suprasacral spinal cord injuries.
AB  - Patients with high thoracic or cervical spinal cord injuries normally have a
      detrusor contraction during cystometry. Thirteen patients with detrusor areflexia
      and a high spinal cord lesion underwent neurophysiological evaluation with
      electromyography of the pelvic floor muscles, lumbosacral-evoked potential to
      tibial nerve stimulation, the bulbocavernosus reflex and water cystometry. Two
      groups of patients were identified. Of those patients with initial detrusor
      areflexia evidence was found for a subclinical second lesion involving the
      lumbosacral arc, which accounted for the acontractile bladder. In the remaining
      patients of this group, who had an intact sacral reflux arc, a detrusor
      contraction developed after a mean of 16.6 months from the date of injury. The
      second group of patients exhibited initial detrusor hyperreflexia that
      subsequently converted to areflexia. A reason was found for the alteration in
      bladder behavior in each case. The possible reasons for differential recovery of
      the somatic and autonomic nervous systems are discussed together with a rationale
      for the second subclinical spinal cord lesion. The most predictive
      neurophysiological test was electromyography of the pelvic floor.

PMID- 4020981
TI  - The use of topical vasodilators as an adjunct in infant renal surgery.
AB  - In infant renal surgery there is a well recognized problem with vasospasm and
      resultant renal ischemia. Recently, we applied vasodilators to the perivascular
      tissues during renal surgery to prevent vasospasm. With this mode of treatment no
      renal units were lost owing to ischemia secondary to the operative procedure. The
      treatment has been especially useful in infants with duplicated systems
      undergoing partial nephroureterectomy. Owing to the diminutive size of infant
      renal vessels, vasospasm can be triggered easily even with the most careful hilar
      dissection. Thus, to assure maximal preservation of tissue, vasospasm must be
      prevented before renal mobilization and hilar dissection. Therefore, to prevent
      the development of renal ischemia in infants undergoing renal surgery we
      recommend initial exposure of the hilar vessels before dissection, application of
      papaverine and lidocaine to the perivascular tissues, and delaying further
      dissection until maximal vasodilation has occurred.

PMID- 4020982
TI  - Cutaneous vesicostomy experience in infants and children.
AB  - Cutaneous vesicostomy has proved to be a useful form of temporary diversion in
      children. We report our experience with 35 patients who underwent diversion for
      either lower tract dysfunction or obstruction. In only 1 child did vesicostomy
      appear to be of questionable value in adequately draining the upper urinary
      tracts. Renal functional improvement or stabilization was observed in the
      remaining 34 children. Complications occurred in 14 patients, with urinary tract
      infections of a clinically serious nature being observed in 6. Our experience
      tends to confirm vesicostomy to be an effective, simple and easily reversible
      means to treat selected conditions in infants and children. Complications are
      encountered but they have been managed effectively.

PMID- 4020983
TI  - Transverse ureteral advancement technique of ureteroneocystostomy (Cohen
      reimplant) and a modification for difficult cases (experience with 121 ureters).
AB  - We reimplanted 121 ureters by the Cohen technique. A modification is introduced
      for difficult cases, making the Cohen technique more adaptable for dilated
      ureters and small bladders. Radiographic studies obtained at least 6 months after
      reimplantation revealed only 1 case of persistent reflux (grade I), no case of
      contralateral reflux and no obstruction. Even though the series included 35
      ureters with grade V primary reflux and 7 primary obstructive megaureters, only 7
      ureters were tapered. This finding suggests that the Cohen method might require
      tapering in a smaller percentage of cases compared to other reimplantation
      techniques.

PMID- 4020984
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in bladder exstrophy: insights into surgical
      management.
AB  - The surgical management of classical bladder exstrophy (functional bladder
      closure or urinary diversion) should be influenced by the inherent detrusor
      function of the exstrophied bladder. Cystometrograms performed previously on
      individuals with successful exstrophy closures demonstrate normal bladder
      function. The biochemical and neurophysiological properties of the exstrophied
      bladder have otherwise not been investigated. In this study radioligand receptor
      binding techniques were used to compare the density and equilibrium dissociation
      constant of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in control and exstrophy bladders.
      The density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the control and exstrophy
      groups was 1.97 plus or minus 0.29 and 1.44 plus or minus 0.21 fmol. per
      microgram deoxyribonucleic acid (mean plus or minus standard error of mean),
      respectively. The dissociation constant of the control and exstrophy groups was
      0.15 plus or minus 0.02 and 0.14 plus or minus 0.02 nM. (mean plus or minus
      standard error of mean), respectively. These data show that the muscarinic
      receptor density and binding affinity in control and exstrophy bladders are
      similar. Therefore, the neurophysiological composition of the exstrophied bladder
      is not grossly altered during the anomalous development.

PMID- 4020985
TI  - Tunica vaginalis free graft for the correction of chordee.
AB  - Tunica vaginalis free grafts were used to correct severe chordee not amenable to
      other surgical maneuvers in 11 boys. Postoperatively, the penis was straight in
      10 patients and had some degree of downward angulation in 1 boy. The tunica
      vaginalis free graft seems to be a useful technique for the correction of severe
      chordee.

PMID- 4020986
TI  - Percutaneous catheter drainage of post-traumatic urinoma.
AB  - We report a case that demonstrates that percutaneous catheter drainage may be
      considered as an alternative to surgical intervention in the treatment of
      urinomas, especially when there is no persistent ureteral obstruction.

PMID- 4020987
TI  - Percutaneous endopyelopyelotomy: endourological management of a bifid pelvis with
      ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
AB  - A patient with a bifid renal pelvis and a severely stenotic ureteropelvic
      junction was managed successfully by creating a fistula between the 2 renal
      pelves with a direct vision urethrotome, and intubating the fistula with a circle
      tube and a universal stent for 6 weeks. This endourological procedure spared this
      obese diabetic patient from an open operation.

PMID- 4020988
TI  - Misleading features of blind-ending bifid ureter on computerized tomography
      examination.
AB  - A blind-ending bifid ureter presents a confusing picture on cross-sectional
      imaging of the descending course of an apparently duplicated ureter. Such factors
      should raise suspicion of this diagnosis and be confirmed with retrograde
      pyelography or excretory urography.

PMID- 4020989
TI  - Ureteral obstruction secondary to a patent umbilical artery in a 79-year-old man:
      a case report.
AB  - Aberrant blood vessels are a rare cause of ureteral obstruction, with 9 cases
      having been reported, mostly in children. A 79-year-old man presented with left
      flank pain. At operation a patent left umbilical artery was partially obstructing
      the distal left ureter. Partial ureterectomy and ureteroureterostomy provided
      relief of symptoms. Aberrant blood vessels should be considered in the
      differential diagnosis of extrinsic distal ureteral obstruction.

PMID- 4020990
TI  - Stone formation as a complication of indwelling ureteral stents: a report of 5
      cases.
AB  - The silicone ureteral catheter has proved to be an invaluable addition to the
      armamentarium of the urological surgeon and, infrequently, it is associated with
      complications. We report 5 cases of stone formation associated with indwelling
      silicone ureteral catheters.

PMID- 4020992
TI  - Prostatic and membranous urethrorectal fistulas: a new technique of surgical
      closure.
AB  - We report on a quick, safe and simple procedure, the anterior perineal trans
      anorectal approach, which was used successfully to treat 2 difficult cases of
      prostatorectal and membranous urethrorectal fistulas. This method was devised
      after a review of all techniques to treat these fistulas, which are known to be
      difficult. Our 2 cases, like others, demonstrate the harmlessness of anterior
      section of the anal sphincter, provided the sphincter is repaired correctly. This
      approach should be used in patients with urethroprostatorectal pathological
      conditions for whom a perineal access is contemplated.

PMID- 4020991
TI  - Treatment of radiation-induced cystitis with hyperbaric oxygen.
AB  - The effects of hyperbaric oxygen on radiation cystitis have been documented in 3
      patients with radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis refractory to conventional
      therapy. Cessation of gross hematuria and reversal of cystoscopic bladder changes
      were seen in response to a series of hyperbaric oxygen treatments of 2 atmosphere
      absolute pressure for 2 hours. To our knowledge this is the first report of
      cystoscopically documented healing of radiation-induced bladder injury.

PMID- 4020993
TI  - Megalourethra.
AB  - We present 5 examples of megalourethra. All 5 cases were associated with the
      spectrum of the triad syndrome, ranging from minor hydronephrosis and undescended
      testis to gross hydronephrosis incompatible with survival. Initial management of
      this urethral defect is drainage followed later by reconstruction.

PMID- 4020994
TI  - Voiding dysfunction in Shy-Drager syndrome.
AB  - The neurological syndrome described by Shy and Drager includes urinary symptoms
      of incontinence and retention. We present the urodynamic evaluation of 2 patients
      with this syndrome, which demonstrated different sources for the symptoms and led
      to 2 separate effective treatments.

PMID- 4020995
TI  - Spontaneous thrombosis of left spermatic vein: report of 2 cases.
AB  - We report 2 cases of spontaneous thrombosis of the left internal spermatic vein
      causing acute development of a painful scrotoinguinal mass. Both patients were
      treated by surgical ligation and excision of the thrombosed vein. Venous
      congestion and testicular ischemia occurred in 1 patient who required orchiectomy
      for massive swelling and pain. Based on our recent experience, we recommend
      conservative management of spontaneous spermatic vein thrombosis with
      anticoagulation (and possibly antibiotics).

PMID- 4020996
TI  - Effects of varicocele after unilateral orchiectomy and sympathectomy.
AB  - An experimental varicocele was created in the adult rat by partial ligation of
      the left renal vein. There was a significant bilateral elevation of both
      testicular blood flow and temperature in the varicocele animals (p less than
      0.01). Mean testicular blood flow for control and varicocele animals was 29.6 +/-
      1.0 and 39.8 +/- 2.0 ml./min./100 gm. tissue, while mean testicular temperature
      was 34.4 +/- 0.1 and 35.3 +/- 0.2C, respectively. A left orchiectomy was combined
      with a left varicocele to determine if the left testis is essential for the right
      testicular response to a varicocele. Elevation of right testicular blood flow was
      not altered by left orchiectomy (p less than 0.05); however, right testicular
      temperature was no longer significantly increased. Mean right testicular blood
      flow and temperature for this group was 39.0 +/- 1.5 ml./min./100 gm. tissue and
      34.2 +/- 0.15C, respectively. A left sympathectomy was combined with a left
      varicocele to ascertain if the right testicular response to the left varicocele
      was mediated through a neural pathway. A significant bilateral increase in
      testicular blood flow was noted with a left sympathectomy alone, and thereby
      masked the ability to evaluate the right testicular response to the simultaneous
      left sympathectomy and varicocele. Elevation of right testicular blood flow in
      response to the left varicocele is independent of the presence of a left testis
      and any immune response it may stimulate. The role of the sympathetic nervous
      system as a mediator of the bilateral varicocele effect remains undetermined.

PMID- 4020997
TI  - Experimental obstructive hydronephrosis in newborn rats. VI. Long-term effects on
      glomerular filtration and distribution.
AB  - Partial obstruction of one ureter was created in newborn rats and its effects
      were studied after the rats matured. The obstructed pelvis was found to be
      considerably enlarged. The parenchymal weight was 19 per cent lower and the whole
      kidney glomerular filtration rate was 43 per cent lower than on the contralateral
      intact side (p less than 0.001); however, these figures probably include a
      compensatory increase on the intact side. In the central part of the cortex, the
      glomerular filtration rate/mg. cortex was 21 per cent lower in the hydronephrotic
      kidney (p less than 0.02), but there was no intracortical redistribution. The
      glomerular density in this region was 24 per cent higher on the hydronephrotic
      side (p less than 0.001), because the glomeruli were crammed together in the
      distended cortex. No redistribution of glomeruli was found. The results are
      discussed and compared with previous findings from our laboratory. In this model,
      partially obstructive uropathy was found to cause only a moderate depression, but
      no redistribution, of the filtration.

PMID- 4020998
TI  - Varicocele: temporal considerations.
AB  - The pathophysiology of the abnormal spermatogenesis seen in the presence of the
      varicocele has not been elucidated in spite of extensive study. Furthermore, no
      satisfactory explanation exists for the bilateral abnormal spermatogenesis seen
      in a process which is felt to be unilateral in the majority of cases. The present
      study was designed to determine if a surgically produced unilateral varicocele
      would lead to ipsilateral testicular changes prior to the onset of contralateral
      testicular alterations. Utilizing the rat model and microsurgical techniques, the
      effects of the varicocele on ipsilateral and contralateral spermatogenesis was
      studied at intervals over 49 days. Mean seminiferous tubular diameter
      measurements and flow cytometric analysis of testicular tissue were utilized to
      assess spermatogenesis. A statistically significant decrease in mean seminiferous
      tubular diameter was seen between day 1 and day 49 in the left testicle. The
      right testicle tended to demonstrate similar changes but these were not
      significant by the method of analysis used. Flow cytometric analysis of testis
      DNA content also revealed a statistically significant difference in the
      percentage of haploid, diploid and tetraploid cells in the left testis on day 1
      as compared to day 49. The right testis again tended to demonstrate similar but
      not significant changes. Though primarily a unilateral process, bilateral
      spermatic vein abnormalities were also visualized in some animals. This
      observation may contribute to the bilateral effect observed. These studies
      demonstrate that a surgically created left varicocele will result in bilateral
      testicular alterations. Within the time frame of the study, the ipsilateral
      alterations progressed to a greater degree.

PMID- 4020999
TI  - Characterization of the muscarinic cholinoceptors in the human detrusor.
AB  - Contractions of the human detrusor are thought to be mediated mainly via
      cholinergic muscarinic receptors. In the present study, we used a receptor
      binding technique with 1-quinuclidinyl[phenyl 4-3H]benzilate ((-)3H-QNB) as
      radioligand to directly demonstrate the presence of muscarinic receptors in
      homogenates of the human detrusor. The binding of (-)3H-QNB was of high affinity
      (KD = (1.2 +/- 0.1) X 10(-10) M), saturable (Ro = 160 +/- 15 fmol./mg. protein)
      and possessed the pharmacological specificity expected of an interaction with
      muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic receptor antagonists were bound to a virtually
      uniform population of sites, whereas muscarinic receptor agonists recognized more
      than one population of muscarinic binding sites. The affinities of a series of
      antimuscarinic drugs, determined in competition experiments with (-)3H-QNB, were
      found to correlate with the capacity to inhibit carbachol-induced contractions in
      isolated human bladder muscle. Binding data together with the functional data
      indicated that the human detrusor does not contain any significant number of
      muscarinic spare receptors. The results suggest that a selective effect on the
      muscarinic receptors of human bladder is not possible to obtain with presently
      available antimuscarinic agents.

PMID- 4021000
TI  - Newly awakened interest in sleep research spans many specialties.

PMID- 4021001
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. State legislation concerning use of safety belts--United
      States, 1985.

PMID- 4021002
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Cutaneous leishmaniasis--Ohio.

PMID- 4021003
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Measles on college campuses--United States, 1985.

PMID- 4021004
TI  - Asbestos-related diseases.

PMID- 4021005
TI  - Colors, races, languages, and diseases.

PMID- 4021006
TI  - Ascorbic acid and urinary pH.

PMID- 4021008
TI  - Salivary thiocyanate in smokers.

PMID- 4021007
TI  - Treatment of genetic hormonal deficiencies by nicotine.

PMID- 4021009
TI  - Sudden and unexpected natural death in childhood and adolescence.
AB  - The descriptive epidemiology of sudden nontraumatic death from persons aged 1 to
      21 years was studied in a defined population. In nine years, the 207 deaths in
      this group (4.6/100,000 population/per year) comprised 22% of nontraumatic
      mortality. Age-specific rates were highest between 1 and 4 years (mainly
      infections and undetermined causes) and 14 and 21 years (mainly cardiovascular,
      epilepsy, intracranial hemorrhage, and asthma). Nonwhite rates were higher than
      whites, and white males had higher rates than white females. Referral for
      medicolegal evaluation was inconsistent. Only 18% died at university hospitals.
      Infections included lower respiratory tract and septic shock. The main cardiac
      diagnosis was myocarditis. Most epilepsy deaths were unwitnessed and had absent
      or low anticonvulsant levels. Eighty-five cases had a known associated chronic
      illness and 111 reported prodromal symptoms. Prevention of these events requires
      improved identification and management of antecedent conditions.

PMID- 4021010
TI  - Fatalities in the Peace Corps. A retrospective study: 1962 through 1983.
AB  - Fatalities among Peace Corps volunteers were analyzed for 1962 through 1983, with
      individual case histories reviewed for all deaths from 1977 through 1983.
      Unintentional injuries accounted for 70% of the 185 deaths of Peace Corps
      volunteers, with motor vehicle crashes the number 1 cause of death. The death
      rate from unintentional injuries for women was significantly higher than the
      comparable US rate. Motorcycles caused 12% of all Peace Corps deaths and 33% of
      all motor vehicle deaths. Suicide has emerged as a leading cause of death among
      volunteers, accounting for 13% of all deaths from 1981 through 1983. Greater
      emphasis on injury control measures is needed to reduce this toll.

PMID- 4021012
TI  - Office evaluation of the pacemaker patient. Detection of normal and abnormal
      pacemaker function.

PMID- 4021011
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein levels in vegetarians. The effect of ingestion of fats from
      dairy products.
AB  - The influence of dairy foods in the diet on plasma levels of total, low-density
      lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C,
      respectively) was studied in 75 adult lactovegetarians living in the northeastern
      United States. Dairy products were the major sources of dietary saturated fat and
      cholesterol. The plasma TC level was positively correlated with dietary saturated
      fat and dietary cholesterol, and inversely correlated with the ratio of
      polyunsaturated to saturated fats in the diet. Correlations between the LDL-C
      level and the nutrients were similar to those of the TC level. The HDL-C level
      was not significantly related to any nutrients in the diet. The cholesterol
      levels of the lactovegetarians were compared with those of strict vegetarians.
      Lactovegetarians had 24% higher LDL-C levels and 7% higher HDL-C levels than
      strict vegetarians. Analysis within and among vegetarian populations suggests
      that ingestion of fatty dairy products raises the LDL-C level on a percentage
      basis about three times more than it raises the HDL-C level.

PMID- 4021013
TI  - Immune thrombocytopenia following alpha-interferon therapy in patients with
      cancer.
AB  - Immune thrombocytopenia occurred in five patients with cancer receiving alpha
      interferon. The median pretreatment platelet count was 217,000/cu mm, which fell
      to a median of 12,000/cu mm after a median of 25 days of interferon therapy. All
      had normal numbers of megakaryocytes, with dysplasia noted in three; all four who
      were tested had platelet-associated immunoglobulin. All had normalization of
      platelet counts with prednisone therapy. Four tolerated re-treatment with
      interferon, two with concurrent prednisone administration and two others
      following splenectomy. Immune thrombocytopenia should be considered in patients
      who become thrombocytopenic during interferon therapy.

PMID- 4021014
TI  - Closing the gap. Report of the Carter Center Health Policy Consultation.

PMID- 4021015
TI  - Closing the gap: the burden of unnecessary illness.

PMID- 4021016
TI  - Why the Carter Center?

PMID- 4021018
TI  - Late appearance of postpartum eclampsia.

PMID- 4021017
TI  - Public health problem of violence receives epidemiologic attention.

PMID- 4021019
TI  - Retinoic acid embryopathy: timing of exposure and effects on fetal development.

PMID- 4021020
TI  - Stadol dependence: another case.

PMID- 4021021
TI  - Laser angioplasty.

PMID- 4021022
TI  - Herpes zoster: adenosine monophosphate for the prevention of post-neuralgia.

PMID- 4021023
TI  - IgA deficiency and AIDS.

PMID- 4021025
TI  - Differential effects of exercise on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels seen with
      changes in body weight. A meta-analysis.
AB  - Ninety-five studies conducted between September 1955 and October 1983 measuring
      changes in human serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in response to exercise
      training were analyzed using meta-analysis. Change in body weight during exercise
      training may confound observed serum lipid and lipoprotein level changes; thus,
      data from these studies were partitioned into those where subjects gained body
      weight, maintained body weight, or lost body weight. Results showed differential
      changes in cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL
      C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and cholesterol/high-density
      lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in the three body-weight categories. Where body
      weight did not change, cholesterol and LDL-C levels decreased significantly (7.3
      mg/dL and 3.3 mg/dL, respectively). Where body weight decreased, cholesterol and
      LDL-C levels also decreased significantly (13.2 mg/dL and 11.1 mg/dL,
      respectively). However, with body-weight increase, cholesterol and LDL-C levels
      increased by 2.9 mg/dL and 3.0 mg/dL, respectively. These results suggest that
      reductions in cholesterol and LDL-C levels were greatest when exercise training
      was combined with body-weight losses.

PMID- 4021024
TI  - Suicide and family loading for affective disorders.
AB  - All suicides were ascertained for a 100-year period (1880 to 1980) in a study of
      mental illness among the Old Order Amish. The majority (92%) of the 26 cases were
      diagnosed with a major affective disorder and were situated in multigenerational
      families with heavy loading for bipolar, unipolar, and other affective-spectrum
      illnesses. The suicides clustered in four primary pedigrees, and the role of
      inheritance was suggested by the way in which suicides followed the distribution
      of affective disorders in these kinship lines. We believe these extended
      pedigrees provide presumptive evidence of genetic factors in both suicides and
      affective disorders.

PMID- 4021026
TI  - Health and health services in Central America.
AB  - Despite rapid economic growth since World War II, health conditions improved only
      slowly in most of Central America. This is a result of poor medical, social, and
      economic infrastructure, income maldistribution, and the poor utilization of
      health investments. The economic crisis of the 1980s and civil strife have
      further endangered health in the region. Life expectancy has fallen among men in
      El Salvador and civil strife has become the most common cause of death in
      Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador. Large-scale US assistance has done little
      to improve conditions, and refugees continue to pour into North America. It is
      estimated that there are more than a million refugees within Central America,
      while a million have fled to the United States. Costa Rica and Nicaragua are
      partial exceptions to this dismal health picture. An effective approach to the
      many health problems in Central America will require joint planning and
      cooperation among all countries in the region.

PMID- 4021027
TI  - Chilaiditi's syndrome. Report of three cases.

PMID- 4021028
TI  - Pemoline abuse.
AB  - Addictive use of the stimulant drug pemoline caused a delusional disorder in a
      middle-aged man. Discontinuance of use of the drug promptly reversed the
      psychosis, which subsequently recurred when pemoline was again used. Pemoline
      seems to be an addictive drug and has an additional property that heretofore has
      been attributed mainly to amphetamines--precipitation of a paranoid psychosis.

PMID- 4021029
TI  - Purulent pericarditis and mediastinitis due to Peptococcus magnus.

PMID- 4021030
TI  - Acute ischemic optic neuropathy.

PMID- 4021031
TI  - Retrograde fallopian tube transport.

PMID- 4021032
TI  - Localized, sustained-release drug delivery uses membrane "envelope".

PMID- 4021034
TI  - Randomized clinical trials.

PMID- 4021033
TI  - From the NIH. Magnetic device tests for iron overload.

PMID- 4021035
TI  - Geographic pattern of Hodgkin's disease in the United States.

PMID- 4021036
TI  - Guidelines for handling parenteral antineoplastics.

PMID- 4021037
TI  - MAST suits.

PMID- 4021038
TI  - Female-to-male transmission of AIDS.

PMID- 4021039
TI  - Bubble Boy.

PMID- 4021040
TI  - Recurrent mucoceles.

PMID- 4021041
TI  - Three-wheeler accidents.

PMID- 4021042
TI  - Commercial hair analysis. Science or scam?
AB  - Hair samples from two healthy teenagers were sent under assumed names to 13
      commercial laboratories performing multimineral hair analysis. The reported
      levels of most minerals varied considerably between identical samples sent to the
      same laboratory and from laboratory to laboratory. The laboratories also
      disagreed about what was "normal" or "usual" for many of the minerals. Most
      reports contained computerized interpretations that were voluminous, bizarre, and
      potentially frightening to patients. Six laboratories recommended food
      supplements, but the types and amounts varied widely from report to report and
      from laboratory to laboratory. Literature from most of the laboratories suggested
      that their reports were useful in managing a wide variety of diseases and
      supposed nutrient imbalances. However, commercial use of hair analysis in this
      manner is unscientific, economically wasteful, and probably illegal.

PMID- 4021043
TI  - Breast cancer prediction and the Wolfe classification of mammograms.
AB  - Mammographic parenchymal patterns have been proposed as a method of determining
      women at high risk of developing breast cancer. Wolfe's original report of
      relative risks as high as 37:1 for "dysplastic" breasts (DY) as compared with
      adipose breasts (N1), with intermediate values of P1 and P2, were not uniformly
      confirmed by others. (Relative risks are used here as the equivalent of odds
      ratios.) A case-control study of 706 breast cancers, each with two matching
      controls, drawn from 40,000 participants in four Breast Cancer Detection
      Demonstration Project clinics, was conducted to assess the role of the Wolfe
      classification of breast parenchymal patterns as a breast-cancer risk factor
      together with a set of well-established risk factors for breast cancer. Relative
      risks of 3.1 for DY to N1, 3.5 for P2 to N1, and 2.0 for P1 to N1 were
      determined. These are comparable to or greater than other known risk factors
      found in the same population. The Wolfe classification of parenchymal patterns
      strengthens the basis for clinical judgment, but should not be used exclusively
      to determine intervention in an individual patient's care.

PMID- 4021045
TI  - The town meeting for technology. The maturation of consensus conferences.

PMID- 4021044
TI  - Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy vs open surgery for renal calculi. A comparative
      study.
AB  - To evaluate the impact of the percutaneous removal of renal calculi we compared
      41 patients who had undergone open renal surgery to 88 patients who had a one- or
      two-stage percutaneous nephrostolithotomy for symptomatic urolithiasis. The two
      groups were similar with regard to stone size, stone location, treatment success,
      and complication rates. However, for patients with calculi 2.5 cm or smaller in
      diameter, the percutaneous procedure resulted in lower postoperative morbidity,
      more rapid convalescence, less hospital cost, and greater patient satisfaction.
      For patients with calculi larger than 2.5 cm in diameter, the percutaneous
      approach was slightly more expensive than open surgery but resulted in a markedly
      shortened convalescent period. In our experience, percutaneous nephrostolithotomy
      performed in a single stage under assisted local anesthesia was the most
      efficacious and least expensive of the percutaneous approaches.

PMID- 4021046
TI  - Consensus conference. Anesthesia and sedation in the dental office.

PMID- 4021047
TI  - Consensus or coercion.

PMID- 4021048
TI  - Causes of, therapies for insomnia, other sleep problems under study.

PMID- 4021050
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Alcohol-associated premature mortality--United States, 1980.

PMID- 4021049
TI  - Chronic insomnia: multidimensional in cause.

PMID- 4021052
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Birthweight-specific neonatal mortality rates--Kentucky.

PMID- 4021051
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Dinitrotoluenes in the workplace.

PMID- 4021053
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Imported dengue fever--United States.

PMID- 4021054
TI  - Predicting outcome from hypoxic-ischemic coma.

PMID- 4021055
TI  - Problematic prostatic prediction.

PMID- 4021056
TI  - Physicians poor at prevalence and positive predictive value.

PMID- 4021057
TI  - Improved detection of early iron deficiency.

PMID- 4021058
TI  - Nifedipine-induced hypotension and myocardial ischemia in refractory angina
      pectoris.

PMID- 4021060
TI  - Delaying the diagnosis of disease.

PMID- 4021059
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with both cold and warm autoantibodies.

PMID- 4021061
TI  - Physiologic and psychological characteristics associated with deaths due to
      asthma in childhood. A case-controlled study.
AB  - Several reports have documented characteristics of children who die of asthma;
      however, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have used case controls to
      clarify the clinical characteristics associated with death. We conducted a case
      controlled study of 21 patients with severe asthma hospitalized between 1973 and
      1982 who died of asthma sometime following discharge. Average age at death was 13
      years (range, 8 to 18 years). Twenty-one asthmatic control cases were matched for
      age at the time of hospitalization, sex, and severity of illness. Hospital
      records were evaluated for 57 physiologic and psychological variables. A stepwise
      discriminant analysis determined that the following eight variables could
      discriminate the two groups effectively: history of seizures associated with an
      asthma attack; conflicts between the patient's parents and hospital staff
      regarding medical management of the patient; self-care of asthma while in the
      hospital that was not appropriate for age; prednisone dosage having been
      decreased by more than 50% during the course of hospitalization; inhaled
      beclomethasone dipropionate required for treatment; increased asthmatic symptoms
      during the week preceding discharge; depressive symptoms; and disregard of
      asthmatic symptoms. Most of the clinical characteristics previously thought to
      place patients at greater risk for a fatal asthmatic attack were found as often
      in the control cases as in the children who died. This study indicates that
      psychologic risk factors were prominent in severely asthmatic children who
      subsequently died of asthma. The variables defined in this study may be important
      in identifying patients who are at high risk for dying of asthma and in
      developing treatment plans to prevent deaths.

PMID- 4021062
TI  - Infective endocarditis. Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950 through 1981.
AB  - Strict criteria were used to identify all definite, probable, and possible cases
      of endocarditis in residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1950 through
      1981. The mean annual age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 person
      years were 3.8 for total cases and 3.2 for definite and probable cases only.
      Total rates were 4.3 for 1950 through 1959, 3.3 for 1960 through 1969, and 3.9
      for 1970 through 1981. Rheumatic heart disease was the underlying disorder in 26%
      of cases, with a shift noted during 1970 through 1981 to involvement of
      prosthetic rather than natural valves in these patients. Mitral valve prolapse
      was identified in 17% of cases. No source of infection could be identified in 41%
      of cases, including half of those cases with rheumatic or congenital heart
      disease. In cases diagnosed prior to autopsy, the 60-day fatality fell from 46%
      during 1950 through 1959 to 22% and 26% during 1960 through 1969 and 1970 through
      1981, respectively.

PMID- 4021063
TI  - Predicting the outcome from hypoxic-ischemic coma: medical and ethical
      implications.

PMID- 4021064
TI  - Anisotropic conduction properties of canine ventricular muscles. Influence of
      high extracellular K+ concentration and stimulation frequency.
AB  - The effects of fiber direction on the conduction of excitation and the
      characteristics of both extracellular and intracellular action potentials were
      examined in isolated dog ventricular muscle preparations. Conduction velocity and
      amplitude of extracellular potentials during propagation in the direction
      parallel to the long axis of fibers (longitudinal propagation) were significantly
      greater than those during propagation in the direction perpendicular to it
      (transverse propagation). However, the maximum rate of rise and amplitude of
      intracellular action potential were significantly greater during transverse
      propagation than during longitudinal propagation. Compared with the transverse
      propagation, the longitudinal propagation was more susceptible to conduction
      failure under high extracellular K+ concentration, suggesting a lower safety
      factor of the latter mode of propagation in depolarized cardiac tissue. In
      contrast, high frequency stimulation caused a greater decrease in the conduction
      velocity during transverse than longitudinal propagation resulting in
      augmentation of anisotropic conduction properties. These results suggest that the
      anisotropic conduction properties of cardiac tissue may play important roles in
      conduction disturbances leading to arrhythmias under various pathological
      conditions.

PMID- 4021065
TI  - Recent trend of chemotherapy for infective endocarditis in Japan.
AB  - Out of the 10 patients with infective endocarditis (IE) at Kawasaki Municipal
      Hospital, 8 had IE due to streptococcus viridans. Out of 8 patients with
      streptococcus IE, 6 were successfully treated with benzyl penicillin alone or in
      combination with kanamycin. One patient was cured with cephaloridine. Two hundred
      and thirty IE patients admitted to hospitals at Kantou District were also
      studied. Ninety nine of 116 patients with streptococcus viridans IE were
      successfully treated with potentially active in vitro against streptococcus
      viridans. Out of 16 staphylococcus IE patients, 11 patients died. Eight patients
      died within 8 days from the beginning of the antibiotic administration. Out of 7
      enterococcal IE patients, 5 were successfully treated with ampicillin alone or in
      combination with aminoglycosides. Forty three patients were diagnosed as IE
      despite negative blood culture. The echo cardiogram showed 23 patients had
      vegetation. Benzyl penicillin was given to 28 patients and 23 were cured. Out of
      9 patients with culture negative IE treated with ampicillin, 8 were cured. Four
      patients were successfully treated with cephems.

PMID- 4021066
TI  - Medical management of infective endocarditis; limitations and indication for
      surgery.
AB  - Problems and limitations of medical management for infective endocarditis were
      studied and surgical indications were discussed based on the retrospective
      analysis of 55 episodes. Since perioperative complications still occur during
      highly active infection, antibiotic treatment was suggested as the primary
      management. Intractable or progressing heart failure appeared to be a definite
      indication for emergency surgery, but medical therapy was recommended for mild to
      moderate heart failure. For uncontrolled infection of more than one month
      duration despite the best available antibiotics, surgical debridement of the
      infected tissue was indicated. Occurrence of peripheral or fatal emboli was
      difficult to predict from clinical features and echocardiogram and therefore
      presented a therapeutic dilemma. Since major or fatal emboli frequently occurred
      during highly active infection, early initiation of effective antibiotic therapy
      was considered to be of primary importance. Demonstration of vegetation by
      echocardiography alone did not seem to justify urgent surgery. In addition,
      disseminated intravascular coagulation appeared to be a serious complication and
      thus sedimentation rate should be followed carefully. In the healed stage,
      prophylactic surgery seemed unnecessary for prevention of recurrent infection or
      embolization, as they were relatively rare.

PMID- 4021067
TI  - Infective endocarditis in children.
AB  - The clinical manifestations, infective microorganisms, underlying diseases,
      complications and prognosis of infective endocarditis (IE) were studied in 17
      current patients. Data were compared with 101 previous cases reported in Japan.
      Most patients with IE (110/118 = 93.2%) had underlying heart diseases. IE was
      noted most often in patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and tetralogy
      of Fallot. The incidence of post operative endocarditis was high (29.4% in the
      present series and 9.0% in the overall series), too. Streptococcus viridans,
      Staphylococcus aureus and GNB were the most common etiologic agents with
      incidences of 28.8% (34/118), 25.4% (30/118) and 9.3% (11/118), respectively.
      Almost half of the deaths from IE were caused by s. aureus. The mortality was
      11.9% (14/118) in both series. The death rate from candida albicans was 100%,
      from s. aureus 33.3% (10/30) and from str. viridans 5.9% (2/34) in both series.
      Culture negative patients accounted for 11.9% (14/118) in both series.
      Complications which did not involve the valves were noted in one patient with
      cerebral emboli and in two patients with pulmonary infarction in the present
      series. Cerebral emboli phenomena were seen 8 cases of the overall series, 4 of
      whom died.

PMID- 4021068
TI  - Surgical treatment for infective endocarditis--decision tree for the treatment
      and introduction of translocation method.
AB  - Persistent fever during active-phase IE is an indication for surgical treatment
      in the light of the causative organism and the underlying disease. To counter
      worsening hemodynamics, surgery may be the only feasible way. Surgery is
      performed when the patient does not respond to vasodilators and he shows an FS of
      less than 25%. The introduction of translocation provides a solution for the
      treatment of active IE. Lesions, vegetations more than 5 mm in diameter,
      periannular abscess, and mycotic aneurysm that could never be overlooked by two
      dimensional echocardiography may hasten the early-stage decision of ways to treat
      IE.

PMID- 4021069
TI  - Infective endocarditis, present status and problems on surgical treatment.

PMID- 4021070
TI  - [The study on the effect of spinal function in NLA--as an index of the change in
      unit activities on lamina V type cells].

PMID- 4021071
TI  - [The effect of a high dose of vitamin E on the oxygen injured lung].

PMID- 4021072
TI  - [Effects of endotoxin on rat erythrocyte membrane fluidity].

PMID- 4021073
TI  - [Changes of P50 during open heart surgery].

PMID- 4021074
TI  - [The cardiovascular effect of buprenorphine in dogs and open heart surgery
      patients].

PMID- 4021076
TI  - [Normal range of intraocular pressure during enflurane anesthesia in children].

PMID- 4021075
TI  - [The effect of halothane anesthesia on the ischemic liver].

PMID- 4021077
TI  - [Epidural administration of morphine-droperidol mixture for postoperative
      analgesia].

PMID- 4021078
TI  - [A statistical analysis of block therapy for hemifacial spasm].

PMID- 4021079
TI  - [Treatment of herpes zoster].

PMID- 4021080
TI  - [The effect of halothane and enflurane on liver and renal function in patients
      with liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 4021081
TI  - [Perioperative management of open heart surgery for a low body weight (1,496 g)
      infant].

PMID- 4021082
TI  - [Anesthetic management of a patient with a dermatomyositis, malignancy and
      pulmonary dysfunction].

PMID- 4021083
TI  - [The anesthetic management of a child with arteriovenous malformation of the vein
      of Galen].

PMID- 4021084
TI  - [Present status of manpower. (2) Means of increasing the supply of
      anesthesiologists to clinical anesthesiology departments].

PMID- 4021085
TI  - [The effects of premedication on urinary catecholamine excretion in the young and
      elderly patients undergoing surgery].

PMID- 4021086
TI  - [Exercise testing for evaluating the preoperative conditions of general surgical
      patients].

PMID- 4021087
TI  - [Effects of fentanyl and morphine on hemodynamics and metabolism of rat heart
      after ischemia].

PMID- 4021088
TI  - [Effects of amrinone on hemodynamics, oxygen consumption and plasma catecholamine
      levels in anesthetized dogs].

PMID- 4021089
TI  - [Increased conjugated catecholamines in urine and blood after removal of
      pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 4021090
TI  - [Effects of halothane on the respiratory and circulatory changes in response to
      surgical stimulation].

PMID- 4021091
TI  - [The relationship between preoperative pulmonary blood flow measured by lung
      perfusion scanning with 99mTc-MAA and values of PaO2 during one-lung
      anaesthesia].

PMID- 4021092
TI  - [Effects of epinephrine on plasma potassium; their relations with the liver].

PMID- 4021093
TI  - [High frequency jet ventilation during open bronchus in the pulmonary surgery].

PMID- 4021094
TI  - [Application of simulated closed circuit anesthesia and hydrogen accumulation in
      the circuit].

PMID- 4021095
TI  - [Prevention of bacterial contamination of epidural catheters by an improved skin
      care technic].

PMID- 4021096
TI  - [Changes in heart rate and blood pressure during epidural tap].

PMID- 4021097
TI  - [Cardiovascular changes in terminal stage].

PMID- 4021098
TI  - [General anesthesia for caesarean section in a patient with acute intermittent
      porphyria and psychogenic reaction].

PMID- 4021099
TI  - [Anesthesia for a patient with 4P-syndrome].

PMID- 4021100
TI  - [Past, present, future use of blood substitutes and plasma substitutes in Japan].

PMID- 4021101
TI  - [Autotransfusion].

PMID- 4021102
TI  - [CT and pathologic studies on detecting hepatic involvement of malignant
      lymphoma].
AB  - In order to determine the value of CT in detecting lymphomatous involvement of
      the liver, 57 autopsied cases (48 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 9 of
      Hodgkin's disease) were analyzed in detail. Additionally, 90 recent cases of
      abdominal CT with liver study in the initial staging were reviewed and 6 cases in
      which the liver had been examined within 2 weeks before autopsy were compared for
      macroscopic and pathologic findings. The following results were obtained. Autopsy
      findings in 57 cases of malignant lymphoma. (1) Hepatic involvement was
      demonstrated in 56% of the patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and in 67% of those
      with Hodgkin's disease. Of these patients with hepatic involvement, intrahepatic
      nodular lesions over 1.0 cm in diameter were macroscopically identified in 22% of
      the cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 33% of those with Hodgkin's disease.
      Lymphomatous involvements were seen in many organs in the cases of hepatic
      involvement. CT examinations of 90 cases for the initial staging showed no
      significant abnormality in the liver or spleen. Of the 6 cases in which the liver
      was examined by CT within about 2 weeks before autopsy, lymphomatous involvement
      was pathologically diagnosed in 5. Of these, only one having multiple nodules
      larger than the tip of a thumb was correctly diagnosed by CT. Hepatic involvement
      of lymphoma was thought to be the end stage, and minimal or early disease was
      detected in the region of Glisson's capsule. The above findings indicate that
      early hepatic involvement is not likely to be detected by CT at the present time.

PMID- 4021104
TI  - [Hematogenous metastasis in pancreatic cancer].
AB  - Out of 248 pancreatic cancer patients, 82 with hematogenous metastases were
      clinicopathologically analyzed. The incidence of hematogenous metastases on
      laparotomy were 31% in the liver, 1.2% in the lung, and 0.4% in the adrenal gland
      and navel. The incidence of liver metastasis, which was present in 23% and 46% of
      the patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas and of the body and tail
      of the pancreas, respectively, was higher than that of carcinomas of the other
      digestive organs. In the autopsy findings of the cases submitted to tumor
      resection, early metastases to the liver, lung, cerebellum and ovary were
      recognized to have occurred postoperatively. A higher rate of liver metastasis
      with lymph node involvement in the early stage of the disease was peculiar to
      pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 4021103
TI  - [Treatment of small liver cancer].
AB  - Histopathological studies were conducted on the resected lesions in eight cases
      of small liver cancer, and therapeutic methods are discussed. Examinations
      revealed tumor cell infiltration into the fibrous capsule in 5/7 (71%), into
      extracapsular tissues in 3/7 (43%), and vascular invasion by tumor cells in 2/8
      (25%) cases. Seven patients were complicated with liver cirrhosis and one patient
      with hepatic fibrosis. On the basis of preoperative TAE performed in three cases
      and studies on the resected indicating that tumor cells remained that have
      infiltrated into extracapsular areas, resection was considered to be necessary to
      attain radical cure. At 100%, the one-year survival rate was encouraging.
      However, two cases of recurrence would suggest that further studies are necessary
      on areas to be resected.

PMID- 4021105
TI  - [An autopsy case of sudden death by obstruction of the pulmonary artery in
      cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma].
AB  - The patient was a 50-year-old man. Chest X-ray films showed a tumor shadow near
      the heart, which was diagnosed as carcinoma of the left lung. The patient's heart
      suddenly and unexpectedly stopped and he consequently died when his body was set
      in the right lateral position for operation on the left pulmonary tumor. A tumor
      measuring 6 X 3 X 3 cm was found in the region from the right ventricle to the
      pulmonary artery at autopsy. It was postulated that the tumor might have
      obstructed the pulmonary artery when the position of the patient's body was
      changed for surgery. A metastatic nodule was found in the left lung. The tumor
      was a rhabdomyosarcoma, the pleomorphic type.

PMID- 4021106
TI  - [A case of oral florid papillomatosis combined with gastroduodenal polyposis].
AB  - A 49-year-old man developing numerous papillary or partly cauliflower-like tumors
      over the lips, oral angles, gingiva and tongue starting 15 years earlier and
      associated with multiple gastroduodenal polyps of various sizes revealed by X-ray
      examination is presented. Histologically, the oral lesions consisted of marked
      proliferation of mature squamous cells without appreciable cellular atypism or
      submucosal invasion. Electron microscopic study failed to detect any virus-like
      particles, and negative reaction was obtained in immunohistological study for
      papilloma virus. The association of gastroduodenal polyposis with oral florid
      papillomatosis has appeared very rarely in the literature. Although the
      relationship between the two lesions remains unknown, it was assumed in the
      present case that all lesions would represent an entity of a hamartomatous
      nature.

PMID- 4021107
TI  - [A case of multiple carcinomas of the colon and rectum associated with ulcerative
      colitis].
AB  - The present paper describes a patient with four independent carcinomas associated
      with ulcerative colitis. Subtotal colectomy with lymph node dissection was done
      on June 28, 1978. The operative specimen revealed a carcinoma at the descending
      colon, two independent cancerous lesions and papillary polyps at the sigmoid
      colon and a scirrhous, flat elevated neoplasm at the rectum. These carcinomas
      were surrounded by lesions of various degrees of epithelial dysplasia, suggesting
      precancerous change. Carcinomas and precancerous lesions were stained for
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by the CEA peroxidase antiperoxidase method, which
      is considered to be useful to discriminate precancerous change from an inflamed
      mucous membrane.

PMID- 4021108
TI  - [Production of monoclonal antibodies against factor IX and their immunological
      characterization].

PMID- 4021109
TI  - [Immunoradiometric assay of factor IX antigen using monoclonal antibody and
      classification of hemophilia B].

PMID- 4021110
TI  - [Five children with hemolytic uremic syndrome--their clinical course and findings
      on the coagulation and fibrinolysis system].

PMID- 4021112
TI  - [Progress in the study of infections].

PMID- 4021111
TI  - [A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with ovarian dermoid cyst].

PMID- 4021113
TI  - [Treatment of infection].

PMID- 4021114
TI  - [Description of various types of infection].

PMID- 4021115
TI  - [General outline of infections].

PMID- 4021116
TI  - [Infections in various medical specialties].

PMID- 4021117
TI  - [Theories concerning various infections].

PMID- 4021118
TI  - A descriptive epidemiological study of hematopoietic neoplasms in Japan.
AB  - In 1982, the number of deaths from hematopoietic neoplasms was 5,885 for males
      and 4,237 for females, which corresponded to about 6% of all malignant neoplasms.
      The increase in the age-adjusted death rate in the last 10 years was highest for
      lymphatic leukemia (1.8 times), followed by multiple myeloma (1.7 times),
      malignant lymphomas (1.3 times) and myelogenous leukemia (1.1 times). In the old
      age group, i.e., over 70, the death rate for all types of hematopoietic neoplasms
      markedly during this period, particularly for multiple myeloma. In children,
      however, an increase in lymphatic leukemia and a decrease in decrease in
      myelogenous leukemia were observed. Geographical marked excess in the death rates
      for malignant lymphomas and lymphatic leukemia in the Kyushu district, especially
      in the middle- and old-age groups. This may be attributed to the high incidence
      of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in the southwestern part of Japan. The age
      adjusted death rate for malignant lymphomas was slightly higher in rural areas
      than in urban areas in males in Kyushu.

PMID- 4021119
TI  - Preliminary phase II study of adriamycin (ADM) in patients with non-small cell
      lung cancer (NSCLC).
AB  - A phase II study of adriamycin (ADM) (60 mg/m2) was performed in 22 patients with
      non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). There were no responders in the 19
      evaluable patients (16 with adenocarcinoma, two with squamous cell carcinoma and
      one with large cell carcinoma). The major side effects were alopecia (89%),
      leukocytopenia (73%), thrombocytopenia (58%) and upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
      Although ADM at 60 mg/m2 did not appear to have sufficient antitumor activity
      against NSCLC in this study, it is necessary to evaluate further the efficacy of
      ADM against NSCLC with another treatment schedule.

PMID- 4021120
TI  - One-hundred-and-two 5-year survivors of esophageal carcinoma after resective
      surgery.
AB  - Among 492 patients with esophageal carcinoma who received resective surgery, 102
      survived over 5 years. These 5-year survivors were analyzed according to many
      factors. Females had a better prognosis than males, and patients without lymph
      node metastasis had a better 5-year survival rate than those with it. Ten
      patients who survived over 5 years had recurrences and received therapy. As a
      cause of death after 5 years, double primary carcinoma of other organs is more
      frequent than recurrence.

PMID- 4021121
TI  - Latitude and pancreatic cancer.
AB  - With regard to the geographical distribution of pancreatic cancer mortality, the
      relationship of the latitude and of the average temperature to pancreatic cancer
      mortality was examined. Both internationally and within Japan, a strong positive
      association between latitude and pancreatic cancer mortality and a strong
      negative association with the average temperature were observed. The simple
      correlation coefficient between pancreatic cancer mortality and the latitude was
      0.724 for males and 0.725 for females, and that between pancreatic cancer
      mortality and the average temperature was -0.773 for males and -0.729 for females
      in 26 countries. In the 47 prefectures in Japan, the coefficient was 0.612,
      0.615, -0.589, and -0.630 respectively. Most of these relationships remained
      statistically significant after controlling for per capita consumption of food
      which was also related to the pancreatic cancer mortality internationally, such
      as sugar, eggs, milk and dairy products, oils and fats, pulse, coffee, and fat.
      Within Japan, an urban-rural effect on the pancreatic cancer mortality was not
      observed in spite of a higher intake of fat in large cities. There remains the
      possibility that factors related to latitude or average temperature other than
      diet may be involved in the occurrence of pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 4021122
TI  - Second primary malignancies in lymphoma patients.
AB  - We evaluated the occurrence and the type of second malignancies among 74 patients
      with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 407 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)
      who were treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital for more than one year.
      Fifteen patients developed a second malignancy. In 10 of these patients the
      second cancer was gastric cancer, but no cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
      were encountered. The observed number of second cancers in females among the HD
      patients was significantly (p less than 0.005) greater than the expected
      incidence based upon the number of age-adjusted person-years both for all cancers
      and for stomach cancer. However, no significant differences between males and
      females in the NHL patients were found. Furthermore, no significant differences
      were seen in any of the groups between the observed and expected numbers of
      second malignancies according to the treatment.

PMID- 4021123
TI  - Juvenile secretory carcinoma and juvenile papillomatosis.
AB  - Two cases of juvenile secretory carcinoma associated with juvenile papillomatosis
      are reported. One patient's disease was initially diagnosed at the age of 13 and
      she died 12 years later with extensive metastases. The contralateral breast at
      autopsy showed findings indicative of juvenile papillomatosis. The second case is
      that of an 18-year-old girl who had multiple juvenile secretory carcinomas in the
      left breast associated with juvenile papillomatosis.

PMID- 4021125
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal diseases].

PMID- 4021124
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging in craniovertebral junction anomaly].

PMID- 4021126
TI  - [Combined use of intraarterial digital subtraction angiography with conventional
      retrograde brachial vertebral angiography].

PMID- 4021128
TI  - [CT images of anomalies of the mediastinal vessels--differentiation from
      mediastinal lymphadenopathy].

PMID- 4021127
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of type IIb early gastric cancer].

PMID- 4021129
TI  - [Computed tomography in anomalies of thoracic aortic arch].

PMID- 4021130
TI  - [Simple cysts of the kidney and aging].

PMID- 4021131
TI  - [Radiological study of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy].

PMID- 4021132
TI  - [Localized bilateral empyema caused by spontaneous esophageal rupture].

PMID- 4021133
TI  - [Adrenomedullary scintigraphy with I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine].

PMID- 4021134
TI  - [A case of shock by pretesting of contrast media].

PMID- 4021135
TI  - [A case of esophageal cyst located at middle mediastinum].

PMID- 4021136
TI  - [A case report of cavernous transformation of the portal vein with liver
      abscess].

PMID- 4021137
TI  - [A case report of successful control of traumatic bleeding by superselective
      transcatheter embolization in the solitary kidney].

PMID- 4021138
TI  - [A case of giant cell tumor of the ischium].

PMID- 4021139
TI  - [Translumbar aortography utilizing long elaster needle and J-guide wire].

PMID- 4021140
TI  - [Transnasal permanent interstitial implantation for recurrent carcinoma of the
      nasopharynx].

PMID- 4021141
TI  - [The lung disease of RA patients].

PMID- 4021142
TI  - [Usefulness of computed tomography in discrimination of thymoma].

PMID- 4021143
TI  - [Angiography of Wegener's granulomatosis].

PMID- 4021144
TI  - [Hepatic artery embolization using balloon catheters].

PMID- 4021145
TI  - [Diagnosis of adrenal adenoma and hyperplasia by CT and adrenal scintigraphy].

PMID- 4021146
TI  - [A case of pulmonary actinomycosis].

PMID- 4021147
TI  - [Computed tomographic demonstration of azygos continuation with the left inferior
      vena cava].

PMID- 4021148
TI  - [A complicated case of Morgagni's hernia and Bochdalek's hernia, with special
      reference to CT examination].

PMID- 4021149
TI  - [A case of simultaneous triple cancer].

PMID- 4021150
TI  - [A case of progressed gastric cardial carcinoma survived for more than 8 years
      treated with 3000 rad of radiation and peroral 5-FU].

PMID- 4021151
TI  - [A case of necrotic renal cell carcinoma with abscess formation].

PMID- 4021152
TI  - [Prone position intravenous digital subtraction angiography of the pelvis].

PMID- 4021154
TI  - [A new device for percutaneous transhepatic biliary endoprosthesis].

PMID- 4021153
TI  - [Dynamic CT examination with iopamidol].

PMID- 4021155
TI  - [Studies of contact hypersensitivity and immune tolerance in experimental
      neoplasms].

PMID- 4021156
TI  - [The 84th annual meeting of Japanese Dermatological Association. Okayama, Japan,
      April 12-14, 1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 4021157
TI  - [Effects of sunscreens and their bases on UV-transmission in porcine skin].

PMID- 4021158
TI  - [Clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural characteristics of dysplastic
      melanocytic nevus in comparison to cutaneous malignant melanoma--II:
      Ultrastructural characteristics of melanocytes and melanosomes].

PMID- 4021159
TI  - [Effects of colchicine on stroma cells in a patient with tuberous sclerosis].

PMID- 4021160
TI  - [Content of eumelanin and pheomelanin in malignant melanoma tissues in the
      Japanese].

PMID- 4021161
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of malignant melanoma by the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence
      method].

PMID- 4021162
TI  - [A comparative study on the effect of vagotomy and splanchnicectomy on the
      catecholamine content of the stomach, duodenum and pancreas].

PMID- 4021163
TI  - [Investigation of endogenous prostaglandins in DMH induced colonic cancer in
      rats].

PMID- 4021164
TI  - [Plasma fibronectin in inflammatory bowel disease].

PMID- 4021165
TI  - [Studies on hepatocellular injury in experimentally induced acute hepatic failure
      -I. Possible involvement of the activated adherent cells].

PMID- 4021166
TI  - [Effective oral doses of propranolol, and endoscopic findings on the effects of
      propranolol on esophageal varices].

PMID- 4021167
TI  - [The sphincter mechanism of the choledochoduodenal junction following truncal
      vagotomy].

PMID- 4021168
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) in
      comparison with that of precutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD)].

PMID- 4021169
TI  - [Effect of gastrin releasing peptide on exocrine pancreatic secretion and plasma
      levels of CCK and PP in conscious dogs].

PMID- 4021170
TI  - [A case of adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's esophagus].

PMID- 4021172
TI  - [The 71st congress of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. Sapporo, Japan,
      May 22-24, 1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 4021171
TI  - [A case of mucin-producing pancreas carcinoma].

PMID- 4021173
TI  - [Proceeding of the 55th annual meeting of the Japanese Society for Hygiene.
      Kumamoto, Japan, April 2-4, 1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 4021174
TI  - IgE antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen in mice.
AB  - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs antigen) was examined for elicitation of IgE
      production by injection into mice. The Prausnitz-Kustner (PK)-type skin test in
      the rat was employed for detection of IgE antibody to HBs antigen, because no
      sufficient purified HBs antigen was available as the challenging antigen for the
      passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test in rats. The positive PK test was
      considered to be due to IgE antibody, since the active principle was inactivated
      by heating the sera at 56 C for 30 min, did not bind to protein A and was
      eliminated by anti-mouse IgE antisera. These data indicate that the PK-type test
      in rats can be used for detection of mouse IgE antibody when the amount of a test
      sample is not sufficient for the PCA test in rats.

PMID- 4021175
TI  - Exploitation of genetic markers in laboratory animals--with specific reference to
      the rat.

PMID- 4021176
TI  - Blood-protein variations within and between macaque species.

PMID- 4021177
TI  - Molecular evolution of non-human primates--hemoglobins of macaque monkeys.

PMID- 4021178
TI  - Use of genetic markers in the management of captive groups of rhesus monkeys at
      the California Primate Research Center, U.S.A.

PMID- 4021179
TI  - Genetic control of the cynomolgus monkey breeding colony by the use of blood
      groups.

PMID- 4021180
TI  - Potency test of hepatitis B vaccines by the parallel line assay method in mice.
AB  - Adequate conditions for the potency test of hepatitis B (HB) vaccines in mice
      were looked for. Preliminary tests showed that BALB/c female mice of 5 weeks of
      age are adequate for the test. An immunization period of 5 weeks was found
      satisfactory for the test. Under these conditions, mice were immunized with each
      of serial dilutions of the test vaccine and a reference vaccine. The use of the
      parallel line assay method and the expression of the potency relative to that of
      the reference vaccine gave a reliable estimate of the potency of HB vaccine.

PMID- 4021181
TI  - [Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in primary glomerular diseases].

PMID- 4021182
TI  - [Correlation of postheparin hepatic triglyceride lipase activity to serum
      intermediate density lipoprotein and triiodothyroxine levels in patients on
      maintenance hemodialysis].

PMID- 4021183
TI  - [Determination of polyamines in plasma and erythrocytes of patients with chronic
      renal failure].

PMID- 4021184
TI  - [A case of common variable immunodeficiency associated with chronic
      hemodialysis].

PMID- 4021185
TI  - [Antinephritic effect of trimetazidine on nephrotic-type and crescentic-type anti
      GBM nephritis in rats].

PMID- 4021186
TI  - [Morphological studies on focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS) in rat--disturbance of
      glomerular polyanion].

PMID- 4021187
TI  - [A histological study of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome--localization of IgM in
      the glomeruli].

PMID- 4021188
TI  - [Two cases of sudden deafness in hemodialysis patients].

PMID- 4021189
TI  - [Recurrent form of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in siblings].

PMID- 4021190
TI  - [Role of renin-angiotensin system and prostaglandin system in the contralateral
      kidney of acute 2-kidney, 1 clip renovascular hypertension].

PMID- 4021191
TI  - Low serum levels of IgG- and IgM-rheumatoid factors in patients with idiopathic
      membranous nephropathy.

PMID- 4021192
TI  - A case report of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II with atypical
      intramembranous dense deposits.

PMID- 4021193
TI  - Concomitant therapy with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide in 17 cases with IgA
      nephropathy.

PMID- 4021194
TI  - Prognostic significance of mesangial sclerosis in IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 4021195
TI  - Effects of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on the skeletal muscle of uremic rats.

PMID- 4021196
TI  - Renal failure in sisters with cystinuria and the management of amino acids in
      chronic hemodialysis.

PMID- 4021197
TI  - Nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) in the prehypertensive stage of the
      deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rat (DHR).

PMID- 4021198
TI  - 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis induced by dietary adenine in rats.

PMID- 4021199
TI  - Usefulness of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of faintly opaque, very
      small renal calculi.

PMID- 4021200
TI  - Amelioration of albuminuria induced by dilazep administration in aminonucleoside
      nephrosis of rats.

PMID- 4021201
TI  - [Aerosol lung inhalation scintigraphy in normal subjects].

PMID- 4021202
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of measurement of pancreatic enzyme synthesis activity in
      chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 4021203
TI  - [Thallium lung uptake images (TLI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4021204
TI  - [Studies on the diagnosis of uterine body cancer using 201Tl-chloride].

PMID- 4021205
TI  - [Severity of coronary artery lesion by washout rate (WR) in exercise myocardial
      scintigraphy].

PMID- 4021206
TI  - [Scintigraphic localization of metastatic pheochromocytoma by 131I
      metaiodobenzylguanidine].

PMID- 4021207
TI  - [Fundamental studies of IgE kit "Daiichi" S].

PMID- 4021208
TI  - Bile duct lesions and diminution in number of intrahepatic bile ducts in
      asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Morphological changes of interlobular bile ducts in asymptomatic or symptomatic
      primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and chronic hepatitis with ductal lesions were
      investigated. It was supposed that bile duct lesions found in PBC and chronic
      hepatitis could be distinguished histologically. There were identical epithelial
      changes between symptomatic PBC and asymptomatic one, but granulomas were more
      often found in asymptomatic PBC than in symptomatic PBC. Numbers of interlobular
      bile ducts per portal tract and the rates of portal tracts without interlobular
      duct in asymptomatic PBC were intermediate between symptomatic PBC and chronic
      hepatitis. Serial sections revealed that some bile ducts were able to be followed
      by ductules in asymptomatic PBC. From these results, numbers of interlobular bile
      ducts are undoubtedly decreased in asymptomatic PBC but not so much as in
      symptomatic one. This observation may be attributable partially for taking
      asymptomatic course.

PMID- 4021209
TI  - Electrophysiological analysis of warming up phenomenon in myotonia.
AB  - The after discharges following grip and percussion in myotonia of 4 cases with
      myotonic dystrophy were evaluated in repetitive percussion or grip, in cold
      exposure and in warm exposure electromyographically. By repetition, the after
      discharges reduced markedly. After 2 or 3 trials, after discharges disappeared or
      became short duration. During local cooling (15 degrees C-20 degrees C), the
      amplitude and the prolongation in the duration of after discharges were marked,
      although these enhanced after discharges were reduced by repetition even in
      cooling. During local warming (40 degrees C-42 degrees C), the after discharges
      became less marked or disappeared. Both the warming of muscle and the repetitive
      movements reduced the duration of abnormal after discharges. These effect might
      be explained on the same mechanism which was the change of the ion transport in
      muscle membrane, and could be called as warming up phenomenon together. The
      degree of these after discharges are close related to the degree of myotonic
      phenomenon. Myotonia is the disorder of primarily the electrical excitabilities,
      not the contractile properties. So the method of evaluation of after discharges
      electromyographically is very valuable compared to the measurement of the
      relaxation process which was used popular in evaluation of myotonia in the past.

PMID- 4021210
TI  - Possible participation of cholestatic factor in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic
      cholestasis in alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - To elucidate the immunopathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis in alcoholic
      liver disease, the authors investigated the possible participation of a
      cholestatic factor. The peripheral lymphocytes from patients with intrahepatic
      cholestasis in alcoholic liver disease were stimulated with ethanol and liver
      specific lipoprotein in vitro and the culture supernatant was fractionated by gel
      filtration, using a Sephadex G-75 column. When a definitive fraction (fraction 4)
      was injected into the mesenteric vein of rats, a marked reduction in bile flow
      was observed. Similar results were obtained when the blood serum of patients was
      fractionated in an identical manner and the same fraction was injected into rats
      via the mesenteric vein. Histologically, dilated bile canaliculi with diminution
      of microvilli and increased vesicles around the dilated canaliculi were observed
      by electron microscopy after injection of the active fraction into rats. These
      results strongly suggest that not only the sensitized lymphocytes produce the
      cholestatic factor which caused the intrahepatic cholestasis by specific
      stimulation, but also this factor is involved significantly in the pathogenesis
      of intrahepatic cholestasis which is observed in patients with intrahepatic
      cholestasis in alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 4021211
TI  - Variability of breath-by-breath tidal volume and its characteristics in normal
      and diseased subjects. Ventilatory monitoring with electrical impedance
      pneumography.
AB  - To assess clinical significance of breath-by-breath variation of tidal volume and
      its distribution pattern displayed as a histogram, continuous measurement of
      tidal volume was made with electrical impedance pneumography for about 60
      minutes. Subjects were composed of 26 normal male and 46 patients including 17
      patients with restrictive lung disease and 29 patients with obstructive lung
      disease. To evaluate variation of tidal volume quantitatively, coefficient of
      variance (C.V.) was used. In comparison to the normal pattern of distribution
      (C.V. = 26.0 +/- 7.5%, mean +/- S.D.), patients with restrictive lung disease
      showed extremely narrow pattern of the distribution and significantly smaller
      C.V. (17.5 +/- 4.6% in old pulmonary tuberculosis, P less than 0.005 and 18.9 +/-
      9.3% in pneumonitis, P less than 0.025). Whereas, patients with obstructive lung
      disease showed widespread pattern of the distribution and significantly greater
      C.V. (43.2 +/- 13.0% in pulmonary emphysema with hypercapnia, 33.0 +/- 7.5% in
      normocapnia and 35.8 +/- 9.4% in asthmatic attack, P less than 0.005). In all the
      patients with bronchial asthma after the treatment, the extremely widespread
      pattern of histogram was returned toward the normal one and the C.V. was
      decreased (22.4 +/- 6.4%). It was suggested that the distribution pattern of
      tidal volume was affected by the change of clinical condition, and was well
      correlated to the pathophysiological process related to restrictive or
      obstructive lung disease. We conclude that analysis of tidal volume distribution
      by the histogram is one of the useful approach to manage patients with
      respiratory diseases.

PMID- 4021212
TI  - A case of severe dehydration with marked rhabdomyolysis.
AB  - A 23-year-old male was admitted to hospital with severe dehydration and
      hypokalemic myopathy due to secondary aldosteronism. On admission serum sodium
      and chloride were markedly elevated to 198 mEq/l and 169 mEq/l, respectively, and
      serum potassium was down to 2.3 mEq/l. Serum electrolytes were normalized by
      transfusion therapy, but subsequently rhabdomyolysis grew worse due to metabolic
      abnormalities such as dehydration, hypothermia, oppressive ischemia and metabolic
      acidosis, at the same time transient polyuria and the elevation of serum
      myoglobin and enzymes originating in muscle tissue were observed. Serum CPK went
      up to 26,532 IU/l on the sixth day and other enzymes reached a peak following
      CPK. Dexamethasone was administered when the increase in enzyme levels caused the
      patient to fall into a stupor. He rapidly regained consciousness from the 15th
      day after admission, and he was able to stand up on the 29th day. Serum enzymes
      originating in muscle tissue decreased gradually to the normal range by the 30th
      day and no renal failure occurred.

PMID- 4021214
TI  - Expression to the host defense mechanism in the protection against microbial
      infections.

PMID- 4021213
TI  - A case of hepatic hydrothorax.
AB  - Hepatic hydrothorax occurred in a 38-year-old woman of severe hepatic failure
      complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The transdiaphragmatic passage of
      ascitic fluid to the pleural cavity was visually shown with a scintigram using
      technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin and also shown with a tracer analysis
      using indocyanine green. The ascites was suggested to be transported to the
      pleural cavity via the defect in the right diaphragm.

PMID- 4021215
TI  - Autonomic nervous contributions to the frequency of distension induced gastric
      motility in anesthetized dogs.
AB  - Changes in gastric motility induced by distension of the stomach were studied
      electromyographically in anesthetized dogs. In vagotomized dogs, gastric
      distension decreased the electrical control activity (ECA) frequency. The
      magnitude of this decrease was correlated with the degree of gastric distension;
      its' frequency decreased from 4.7 to 3.5 Hz/min with 400 ml distension. In
      splanchnicectomized dogs, 400 ml gastric distension also evoked a decrease in ECA
      frequency from 3.9 to 2.9 Hz/min. In vagotomized and spinal transected dogs, 400
      ml distension of the stomach evoked a decrease in ECA frequency from 4.3 to 3.4
      Hz/min. In the vagotomized and splanchnicectomized dogs, ECA frequency decreased
      from 5.0 to 3.4 Hz/min with 400 ml distension. These values were similar to those
      of the intact stomach previously reported. The results of the present study
      suggest that the extrinsic autonomic nervous system does not contribute
      significantly to regulation of the ECA frequency following gastric distension in
      anesthetized dogs.

PMID- 4021216
TI  - Selective blocking action of tetraethylammonium ion on three types of
      acetylcholine receptors in Aplysia ganglion cells.
AB  - The ganglion cells of Aplysia have three types of acetylcholine (ACh)-receptors
      in their membranes. The activation of one type produces Na+-dependent
      depolarization (DNa-type). The other receptors are HK- and HC1-types, the
      activation of which produces either K+- and Cl- dependent hyperpolarization,
      respectively. ACh-induced membrane current (IACh) was measured under the voltage
      clamp at different holding potential levels (V) of the membrane. The effects of
      tetraethylammonium (TEA) were analyzed quantitatively on each type of receptor
      activity by observing the changes in dose-inhibition curves and IACh-V relations
      obtained under voltage clamp. TEA exhibited a dose dependent block on both DNa-
      and HK-type of receptor activities but no effect on HCl-type. The mode of
      blocking action was found to be competitive in HK-type but noncompetitive in DNa
      type. In the DNa-type receptor, 3 mM TEA shifted the reversal potential of ACh
      induced current response from +5 to +40 mV, and caused a decrease in the slope of
      the IACh-V curve. In HK-type, TEA simply decreased the slope of IACh-V curve
      without changing the reversal potential of the ACh-induced response. It was
      concluded that TEA competed that with ACh for common binding sites at the
      receptor of the HK-type, but not of the DNa-type, and that in DNa-type, TEA made
      a binding with an allosteric site of the ACh-receptor and depressed the increase
      in membrane permeability toward Na+ as well as K+.

PMID- 4021217
TI  - Action of dantrolene sodium on electrical and mechanical activity of guinea-pig
      ventricular muscles.
AB  - Effects of dantrolene sodium on electrical and mechanical activity of guinea-pig
      ventricular muscles were examined. The application of 2 X 10(-5) M of dantrolene
      caused a decrease of developed tension by 31% of the control level without
      noticeable changes in resting membrane potential, amplitude and maximum upstroke
      velocity (Vmax) of action potentials, and action potential duration. Negative
      inotropic effects of dantrolene appeared after 10 min application and reached
      almost a plateau after 15-20 min. Neither amplitude of the slow inward current
      nor the outward current on depolarization were affected by dantrolene. When
      muscle preparations were superfused with the low-K+, high-Ca2+ solution, they
      developed delayed afterdepolarizations and aftercontractions. The application of
      2 X 10(-5) M of dantrolene did not reduce amplitudes of both delayed
      afterdepolarizations and aftercontractions, but depressed twitch tension to 74%
      of the control level. Dantrolene did not change the amplitude of the transient
      inward current observed under the low-K+, high-Ca2+ condition. These results
      suggest that a primary site of action of dantrolene is not the sarcolemma of
      ventricular myocardium, but possibly the Ca2+ releasing process from the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum. Its action is further indicated to affect the process of
      depolarization-induced Ca2+-release, either directly or indirectly rather than to
      inhibit Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release.

PMID- 4021218
TI  - Vascular area with marked resistance elevation in one-clip, two-kidney
      renovascular hypertensive rats.
AB  - Blood flow in the terminal aorta or superior mesenteric artery was recorded in
      conscious one-clip, two-kidney renovascular hypertensive rats and normal control
      rats with a chronically implanted electromagnetic flow probe. An indwelling
      catheter for direct measurement of arterial pressure was inserted into the
      terminal aorta in rats with a flow probe around the superior mesenteric artery.
      In the hindquarter area supplied by the terminal aorta, the elevation of vascular
      resistance in hypertensive rats in relation to normal rats was close to the
      average over the whole body. However, it was about 40% more intense than the
      average in the superior mesenteric area. Quantitatively, the hindquarter and
      superior mesenteric beds in hypertensive rats contributed about a quarter and a
      third of the decrease in total vascular conductance, respectively. Plots of
      superior mesenteric flow per body weight against arterial pressure at rest for 51
      measurements in 9 hypertensive rats revealed an inverse relation between these
      two variables. These findings indicate that elevation of vascular resistance in
      the superior mesenteric area and probably the splanchnic area in general play an
      important role in one-clip, two-kidney renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 4021219
TI  - Length dependent potentiation and inhibition of post-rest twitch tension
      development in adult cat and kitten papillary muscles.
AB  - If a rest interval is applied to a regularly stimulated cardiac muscle, the first
      contraction after this interval (post-rest contraction) has either a greater
      (post-rest potentiation) or a smaller (post-rest inhibition) developed tension
      than the regular contraction. Positive inotropic interventions will augment the
      post-rest potentiation and reduce the post-rest inhibition. We examined the
      effects of muscle stretching on the post-rest contraction in papillary muscles
      isolated from adult cats and from kittens and compared the effects with those of
      two typical inotropic interventions: high frequency stimulation and high calcium
      concentration. We found that muscle stretching augmented the post-rest
      potentiation and reduced the post-rest inhibition in a manner similar to the two
      inotropic interventions in the adult cat papillary muscle, and that these effects
      were consistently reversed in the kitten papillary muscle. The similarity of the
      effect of muscle stretching to those of the two typical inotropic interventions
      in either adult cat or kitten papillary muscle suggests that the effect of muscle
      stretching is due to an inotropic effect of muscle length change.

PMID- 4021220
TI  - Effects of intraventricular angiotensin II on heat balance at various ambient
      temperatures in rats.
AB  - Angiotensin II (AII, 5 micrograms) injected into the cerebral ventricles produced
      hypothermia in conscious rats at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 18, 23, and 28
      degrees C. At Ta of 18 and 23 degrees C, AII-induced hypothermia was attributed
      to both enhancement of heat loss and suppression of metabolic rate. At Ta of 28
      degrees C, AII-induced hypothermia seemed to be mainly attributed to increased
      heat loss.

PMID- 4021221
TI  - The influence of body size on the ventilatory response to hypercapnia.
AB  - The slope of ventilatory response to hypercapnia at rest was determined in 77
      healthy male students by means of the CO2 rebreathing method. It was found that
      the hypercapnic ventilatory response slope (S) was significantly lower in the
      lean group with BMI (body mass index) below 19 than that in the normal group,
      while there were no significant correlation between S and body weight or height.
      These results indicate that sensitivity of hypercapnia in the lean subjects
      differed from that of normal and overweight subjects.

PMID- 4021222
TI  - Studies on exercise and an elastic protein "connectin" in hindlimb muscle of
      growing rat.
AB  - We examined the effect of physical training on the properties of an elastic
      protein, connectin, in the hindlimb muscles of 6 growing rats running on a
      treadmill, in comparison with its properties in 6 growing non-running rats. The
      experimental results are as follows. 1) The body weight of exercised (R-) and
      control (C-) rats gradually increased during housing for 31 days, from an average
      of 46.2 g to 275 g. The average amount of running in the 6 R-rats was 38,160 +/-
      12,122 (S.D.) g X m/hr. 2) The SDS-insoluble connectin in R-rat muscle was lower
      in quantity than that in C-rat muscle, but the SDS-soluble connectin of R-rat
      muscle was greater in quantity. 3) Amino acid compositions of SDS-soluble
      connectin in R- and C-rats, calculated from SDS-insoluble connectin and soleus
      ghost, were significantly different. 4) The soleus ghost preparation consisted
      mainly of connectin as shown by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by
      immunohistological staining. 5) The maximum passive tension of the soleus ghost,
      calculated from the factors of T/phi and (dT/dx)/phi, was higher in R-rats than
      in C-rats. The above results suggest that physical training might alter the
      biosynthetic pattern of connectin to suit the developing muscle, just as physical
      training alters that of myosin isoenzymes.

PMID- 4021223
TI  - Mechanism of elevation of hindquarter vascular resistance in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - In spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive control rats in the conscious
      state, hindquarter flow was observed with an electromagnetic flow probe
      chronically implanted around the terminal aorta. In separate groups of
      hypertensive and control rats, arterial pressure was observed with an indwelling
      catheter inserted into the terminal aorta. On ganglion blockade with
      hexamethonium bromide, hindquarter flow tended to increase in hypertensive rats
      and to decrease in normal rats. The percent change of hindquarter flow on
      ganglion blockade was significantly greater in the former than in the latter (p
      less than 0.05). Hindquarter peripheral resistance, estimated from flow and
      pressure values obtained in separate rat groups, was greater in hypertensive rats
      than in normal rats before ganglion blockade, but there was no difference between
      the groups after blockade. Presumably, an elevated sympathetic tone is
      responsible for the higher hindquarter peripheral resistance in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats, which plays an important part in the elevation of total
      peripheral resistance. However, bilateral lumbar sympathectomy did not induce
      chronic lowering of arterial pressure in hypertensive rats. This was at least
      partly due to the development of denervation supersensitivity.

PMID- 4021224
TI  - An increase in cerebral blood flow elicited by electrical stimulation of the
      solitary nucleus in rats with cervical cordotomy and vagotomy.
AB  - The effect of monopolar electrical stimulation of the intermediate portion of the
      solitary nucleus (SOL) on brain circulation was investigated in 48 anesthetized
      (N2O), artificially ventilated Wistar rats. The cervical spinal cord and
      bilateral vago-sympathetic trunks were severed to eliminate any change in
      arterial blood pressure mediated by the autonomic nervous systems on stimulating
      the SOL. Blood pressure was kept within the physiological range by intravenous
      phenylephrine infusion. Current intensity of the stimulus was set at 60 +/- 4
      microA (mean +/- S.E.; n = 9), which was equivalent to 2.5 times threshold for
      vasopressin-induced pressor response. A sufficient dose of vasopressin-antagonist
      given to each rat shortly before determination of cerebral blood flow, prevented
      vasopressin-induced hypertension from stimulating the medulla. Stimulation
      elicited an increase in regional blood flow (14C-iodoantipyrine technique) by
      72%, and 39% on average in the frontal and occipital cortices, respectively, and
      25% in the caudate-putamen (p less than 0.05; n = 12 in control, and 9 in the
      stimulation studies). It was found that observed results included little
      detectable contribution from current spread of the stimulus toward the adjacent
      structures (dorsal medullary reticular formation and cuneate fasciculus)
      surrounding the SOL and from retrograde activation of the cerebellar fastigial
      nucleus. Overall, the present study suggests that a certain vasomotor mechanism,
      which is activated upon excitation of the intermediate portion of the SOL,
      regulates the blood vessels of the brain as a vasodilator.

PMID- 4021225
TI  - "Calcium entry blockers" as cerebral protecting agents: comparative activity in
      tests of hypoxia and hyperexcitability.
AB  - The group of drugs described as "Ca2+-entry blockers" is chemically and
      pharmacologically heterogeneous. It is believed now that these drugs are useful
      in the treatment of ischemic disease. In an effort to define which drugs could
      offer the best therapeutic alternative, a comparative pharmacological study was
      made. Nine drugs (D-600, diltiazem, flunarizine, nicardipine, nifedipine,
      nimodipine, nitrendipine, verapamil, tiapamil) were tested in experimental
      screening models of brain hypoxia, ischemia, cellular intoxication and against
      bicuculline-induced seizures. Three types of activity were found. Verapamil, D
      600, tiapamil and diltiazem were almost inactive, possibly due to their poor
      brain penetration. The dihydropyridines had a broad spectrum of activity, but
      considerable differences between these compounds exist. They all were active
      against hypoxia and less active against ischemia. Out of this subgroup, only
      nicardipine protected against metabolic intoxication and nifedipine and
      nicardipine could block seizure components at very high doses. Flunarizine was
      the only compound with a dose-related effect in all the tests. These results
      suggested that this combination of screening tests could be used to find
      compounds with an interesting activity in the field of cerebral protection.

PMID- 4021226
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of an ionophorous antibiotic, lonomycin A, in anesthetized
      dogs.
AB  - An intracoronary administration of ionomycin A, a K-selective ionophore, produced
      coronary vasodilation in the presence of pindolol in anesthetized dogs. Coronary
      vasodilation induced by ionomycin A, KCI and nifedipine was inhibited by
      pretreatment with an intracoronary injection of ouabain. This result suggests
      that lonomycin A-induced coronary vasodilation may be partly due to a stimulation
      of Na+, K+-ATPase as well as KCI and/or a decrease in Ca2+ influx as well as
      nifedipine.

PMID- 4021227
TI  - Modification of antinociceptive action of morphine by dopamine agonist and
      antagonist in mice.
AB  - A marked potentiation of the antinociceptive action of morphine was produced by
      haloperidol, but apomorphine had no effect on the antinociceptive action of
      morphine in acute experiments. Following chronic treatment with haloperidol, the
      antinociceptive action of morphine was significantly suppressed by apomorphine,
      and apomorphine shifted the dose-response curve of morphine to the right and
      increased the ED50 value of morphine by 2.3-fold. These results suggest that the
      suppressive action of apomorphine on the antinociceptive effect of morphine in
      chronic haloperidol-treated mice may be due to an increased sensitivity of post
      synaptic dopaminergic receptors to apomorphine.

PMID- 4021228
TI  - Dopaminergic modulation of the renal effect of arginine-vasopressin in water
      loaded rats.
AB  - In order to confirm whether dopamine inhibits the antidiuretic action of
      vasopressin in mammalian kidney, we examined interactions among arginine
      vasopressin (AVP), dopamine and haloperidol in water-loaded ethanol anesthetized
      rats. The submaximal dose of AVP causing antidiuresis was 80 microU in this
      preparation. Dopamine at the doses of 0.11, 1.1 and 11 micrograms/100 g body
      weight (i.v.) inhibited the antidiuretic effect of 80 microU AVP by 18 +/- 7, 27
      +/- 6 and 36 +/- 14%, respectively. The effect of 1.1 micrograms/100 g body
      weight dopamine in inhibiting the action of AVP was completely reversed by
      haloperidol at 2.3 micrograms/100 g body weight. Single administration of
      dopamine or haloperidol was without effect on urine flow. These observations
      support the view that dopamine inhibits the antidiuretic action of vasopressin by
      dopaminergic receptors also in the mammalian kidney.

PMID- 4021229
TI  - Suppression of acetaldehyde accumulation by 4-methylpyrazole in alcohol
      hypersensitive Japanese.
AB  - Alcohol-sensitive Japanese subjects with facial flushing and an increase in heart
      rate during ethanol intoxication exhibited marked individual variation in
      accumulation of acetaldehyde. This variation correlated well with the intensity
      of the above mentioned physiological responses. Oral pretreatment with 10 mg/kg 4
      methylpyrazole, which inhibited the ethanol elimination rate by 15-25%, strongly
      suppressed both acetaldehyde accumulation and the associated responses. Under
      this condition, the sensitivity to acetaldehyde appeared to be reduced, and the
      correlation between the acetaldehyde level and the physiological responses
      disappeared. The effectiveness of even a low dose of 4-methylpyrazole suggests
      its clinical usefulness for alleviation of acute acetaldehyde toxicity in alcohol
      hypersensitive Japanese individuals as well as in disulfiram-treated alcoholics.

PMID- 4021230
TI  - Antiarrhythmic effects of coronary vasodilators on canine ventricular arrhythmia
      models.
AB  - Antiarrhythmic effects of intravenous coronary vasodilators (verapamil,
      diltiazem, bepridil, trimetazidine and nicorandil) were evaluated using two
      canine ventricular arrhythmia models (halothane-adrenaline arrhythmia and
      digitalis arrhythmia), and the minimum effective plasma concentrations of the
      drugs were determined for each arrhythmia model. Verapamil (0.1 mg/kg), diltiazem
      (0.1 mg/kg), bepridil (1 mg/kg) and high dose trimetazidine (10 mg/kg) were
      effective on halothane-adrenaline arrhythmia; and the minimum effective plasma
      concentrations of the above drugs were less than 30 +/- 10 ng/ml, less than 18 +/
      5 ng/ml, 0.38 +/- 0.11 microgram/ml and 7.0 +/- 1.5 micrograms/ml, respectively.
      Nicorandil (1 mg/kg) did not suppress halothane-adrenaline arrhythmia. Verapamil,
      diltiazem and bepridil must have suppressed the halothane-adrenaline arrhythmia
      by blocking the Ca channel. Verapamil (1 mg/kg), diltiazem (1 mg/kg), bepridil (5
      mg/kg), trimetazidine (3 mg/kg) and nicorandil (3 mg/kg) were ineffective on
      digitalis arrhythmia, even though their maximum hypotensive doses were used.

PMID- 4021231
TI  - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the rabbit ciliary body smooth muscle:
      spare receptors and threshold phenomenon.
AB  - Interactions of several muscarinic drugs with their receptors were studied in the
      ciliary body smooth muscles of the rabbit. The ciliary body smooth muscles
      responded to carbachol, a muscarinic full agonist, with concentration-dependent
      contractions, and the pD2 value of carbachol was 5.16 +/- 0.05. Atropine, a
      competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, produced a parallel shift to the
      right in the concentration-response curves for carbachol. Pilocarpine which is a
      well-known partial agonist on muscarinic receptors in most smooth muscles did not
      cause any contraction in this tissue. The drug, however, behaved as a competitive
      antagonist on the muscarinic receptors in the ciliary body smooth muscles. The
      pA2 values of atropine and pilocarpine versus carbachol obtained from the Schild
      plot are 8.97 +/- 0.25 and 5.17 +/- 0.09, respectively. On the other hand,
      arecoline and oxotremorine acted as a partial agonist in this tissue. The
      intrinsic activity, and pD2 and pA2 values were 0.41 +/- 0.02, 4.93 +/- 0.05 and
      5.32 +/- 0.05 for arecoline respectively, and were 0.26 +/- 0.02, 5.64 +/- 0.08
      and 6.12 +/- 0.16 for oxotremorine, respectively. The pA2 values of these drugs
      were significantly larger than the corresponding pD2 values of the drugs. The
      values of the negative log molar dissociation constant of carbachol, arecoline
      and oxotremorine estimated by the method of partial irreversible blockade of
      spare receptors with 3 X 10(-6) M phenoxybenzamine were 4.53 +/- 0.08, 5.20 +/-
      0.09 and 6.02 +/- 0.06, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4021232
TI  - [Regional dysfunction in pneumonia].

PMID- 4021233
TI  - [Local immune reactions to microorganisms].

PMID- 4021234
TI  - [Methods of obtaining specimens for bacteriologic studies of respiratory
      infections].

PMID- 4021235
TI  - [New problems in pulmonary bacterial infectious disease. 2. Diagnostic
      techniques. ii. Determination methods of causative organisms].

PMID- 4021236
TI  - [Treatment: recent progress in antimicrobial chemotherapy].

PMID- 4021237
TI  - [Respiratory care of acute respiratory failure due to respiratory infection].

PMID- 4021238
TI  - [New problems in pulmonary infections. Limitations in surgical and medical
      treatment].

PMID- 4021239
TI  - [Defining the position of steroid aerosol in the treatment of bronchial asthma-
      studies of steroid withdrawal methods with beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler].

PMID- 4021240
TI  - [Latent asthma and so-called allergic bronchitis in patients with persistent
      cough].

PMID- 4021241
TI  - [Bronchial involvement in sarcoidosis, retinalization of vessels in bronchial
      mucosa].

PMID- 4021242
TI  - [A case of sarcoidosis involving multiple organs presenting hypothalamus
      hypophysis system disturbance].

PMID- 4021243
TI  - [A case of SIADH without ectopic production of ADH from neoplasm, associated with
      superior vena cava syndrome caused by metastatic mediastinal tumor of pancreatic
      cancer].

PMID- 4021244
TI  - [A case of amyloidosis with BHL (bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy), suspected to
      be sarcoidosis].

PMID- 4021245
TI  - [Resection of lung cancer involving the mediastinal structures].

PMID- 4021246
TI  - [Tracheal and tracheobronchial resection of bronchogenic carcinoma].

PMID- 4021247
TI  - [Surgical problems in lung cancer with chest wall involvement].

PMID- 4021248
TI  - [Role of computed tomography in assessing resectability of primary lung cancer].

PMID- 4021250
TI  - [CT in the diagnosis of thoracic wall invasion of lung cancer].

PMID- 4021249
TI  - [Diagnosis of tracheal and major bronchial carcinoma and the limitation of
      surgical therapy].

PMID- 4021251
TI  - [Thromboexclusion technic for ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the descending thoracic
      aorta following extrapleural plombage thoracoplasty].

PMID- 4021252
TI  - [Bronchoplasty for infant. Intrabronchial catheter pericutaneously placed to
      prevent obstructive atelectasis].

PMID- 4021253
TI  - [A case of the left traumatic subclavian-internal jugular arteriovenous fistula].

PMID- 4021254
TI  - [A case of coronary-pulmonary arterial fistula involving bilateral coronary
      arteries].

PMID- 4021255
TI  - [A case of coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula with a giant saccular
      aneurysm].

PMID- 4021256
TI  - [Experience of median sternotomy for the surgical treatment of synchronous
      bilateral pneumothorax].

PMID- 4021257
TI  - [The 60th Congress of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis, Nagoya, April 7 and
      8, 1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 4021259
TI  - [Immunology and genetics of tuberculosis].

PMID- 4021258
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer].

PMID- 4021260
TI  - [Physiopathology of epithelioid cell granuloma of the lung].

PMID- 4021261
TI  - [Immunological indices in acute myocardial infarct depending on the period of the
      disease and the presence of circulatory failure].

PMID- 4021262
TI  - [Uric acid metabolism in the acute period of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4021263
TI  - [Regulating role of phospholipids in the positive effect of isoptin in myocardial
      ischemia].

PMID- 4021264
TI  - [Possible mechanisms of the occurrence of the early ventricular repolarization
      syndrome].

PMID- 4021265
TI  - [Echocardiographic parameters of of the Soviet MKCh-25 valve].

PMID- 4021266
TI  - [Case of congenital coronary artery aneurysms].

PMID- 4021267
TI  - [Combined use of nitrates and beta-adrenergic blockaders in patients with acute
      myocardial infarct].
AB  - A combination of isosorbide dinitrate (40-120 mg daily) and propranolol (80-160
      mg) was administered to 146 patients during the early hours of myocardial
      infarction. The therapeutic effect was assessed for 10 days and compared to the
      effect observed in a control group of 70 patients selected at random. The
      combination used was shown to relieve the pain syndrome and extrasystolic
      arrhythmia during the early days of the disease. The occurrence of signs of heart
      failure was twice as low during the observation period, as compared to the
      control group. The treatment evoked typical hemodynamic changes: rhythm
      deceleration (by an average 7%), a fall in systemic arterial blood pressure (by
      19%) and in "double product" (by 25%), a moderate reduction of cardiac output (by
      15%) coupled with a marked drop in left-ventricular filling pressure (by 25%).
      The spread of infarcted area in the first days after the attack, as evidenced by
      serial electrocardiotopograms and the activity of serum CPK and its MB fraction,
      was recorded in 13.9% of the treated patients and in 44% of the controls (p less
      than 0.001).

PMID- 4021268
TI  - [Adaptation to physical loading in ischemic heart disease patients].

PMID- 4021269
TI  - [Determination of the necrotic mass in inferior myocardial infarct by standard
      electrocardiography].
AB  - A study of 28 patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction, who died 3 days
      after the attack, involved the comparison of necrosis weight data, as determined
      anatomically, with those obtained through the measurement of the R wave height
      and the Q wave (QS complex) depth, taken from standard leads and amplified remote
      leads from limbs. The comparison results suggest that intravital
      electrocardiographic determination of the necrosis weight is possible. A formula
      has been derived for the determination of the necrotized tissue weight (in grams)
      in patients with left-ventricular inferior infarction.

PMID- 4021270
TI  - [Diagnosis of dissecting aneurysms of the thoracic aorta].
AB  - A study of the clinical pattern and findings of auxiliary investigation in 27
      patients with dissecting aneurysms of the thoracic aorta showed that early
      diagnosis was necessary to improve the results of the treatment. A new non
      invasive diagnostic method, computerized tomography, was employed for the first
      time in domestic clinical practice. The diagnostic value of various instrumental
      investigation techniques was demonstrated with respect to research and clinical
      work.

PMID- 4021271
TI  - [Methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of anti-angina
      preparations in stenocardia patients using paired bicycle ergometry loads].
AB  - Paired bicycle ergometry was used in 24 anginal patients to compare the
      efficiency of 10-20 mg isosorbide dinitrate, 20-30 mg corinfar and 40-80 mg
      propranolol. Isosorbide dinitrate showed maximum efficiency in half of the
      patients, corinfar in 1/4, propranolol in 1/6. Isosorbide dinitrate produced an
      effect with the very first dose more frequently, as compared to other drugs.
      Heart rate patterns at rest and under the action of corinfar and isosorbide
      dinitrate varied in different individuals and were related to the time of onset
      of an exercise-induced anginal attack.

PMID- 4021273
TI  - [Permeability of the erythrocyte membrane for sodium in hypertension and
      symptomatic hypertension].
AB  - Sodium permeability of erythrocyte membranes was examined, using the recording of
      maximum rates of sodium-lithium countertransport, in patients with essential
      hypertension of stages II and III by the WHO classification, renal arterial
      hypertension, Itsenko-Cushing disease, pheochromocytoma, Conn's syndrome and in
      subjects with normal arterial pressure who made up a control group. Hypertensive
      patients demonstrated a more than 60% increase in erythrocyte membrane
      permeability, as compared to normotensive controls. In patients with
      pheochromocytoma, the permeability values were almost 40% as low as the control
      ones. No changes in sodium erythrocyte membrane permeability could be
      demonstrated in patients with renal hypertension, Itsenko-Cushing disease and
      Conn's syndrome. It is believed that the erythrocyte membrane permeability
      parameters can be used for the identification of essential hypertension in the
      differential diagnosis of hypertensions.

PMID- 4021272
TI  - [Effect of obzidan and pratsiol therapy on the blood plasma lipid profile and on
      the high- and low-density lipoprotein apoproteins in hypertension patients].
AB  - The effect of an 8-week monotherapy with propranolol and pratsiol on plasma lipid
      levels and apo-Al and apo-B, apoproteins of high- and low-density lipoproteins
      (HDLP, LDLP) was studied in 20 patients with second-stage essential hypertension.
      Propranolol caused no significant changes in plasma lipid spectrum, however it
      produced a significant rise in apo-Al levels and reduced the cholesterol load
      index per weight unit of apo-Al in HDLP particles. Pratsiol treatment caused a
      significant reduction in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol of very-low-density
      lipoproteins, the cholesterol atherogenic coefficient and the apo-B/apo-Al ratio,
      and raised the level of HDLP cholesterol. The findings suggest that plasma
      lipoprotein effects should be taken into account in the choice of hypotensive
      agents.

PMID- 4021274
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the dynamics of the echocardiographic parameters
      following open and closed mitral commissurotomy].
AB  - A comparative study of early post-operative changes in a number of
      echocardiographic parameters was carried out in patients with pure and prevailing
      mitral stenosis following an open (24 patients) and closed (32 patients) mitral
      commissurotomy. The increment in the rate of early diastolic fall of the anterior
      mitral cusp, and total valve excursion, as well as reverse dynamics of the
      maximum left-atrial anteroposterior size were shown to differ significantly in
      post-open-commissurotomy patients from the corresponding parameters observed
      following the closed-technique operation. Mitral stenosis correction under visual
      control was associated with more effective as well as more radical results.

PMID- 4021275
TI  - [Reproducibility of several of the parameters of unidimensional echocardiography,
      sectoral scanning and tetrapolar rheoplethysmography of the chest cavity].
AB  - The reproducibility of a number of echocardiographic and tetrapolar
      rheoplethysmographic parameters was checked at a one-hour interval in 26 coronary
      patients, and at a one-day interval in 54 patients. Left-ventricular diastolic
      diameter and stroke volume, as determined by the method of Rasmussen et al., and
      mean rates of closure of the anterior cusp of the mitral valve and myocardial
      fibre circular shortening showed the best reproducibility. Some parameters
      measured using the said technique showed a natural, but insignificant change over
      the study period, the respiration slightly affecting the diastolic diameter of
      the left ventricle.

PMID- 4021276
TI  - [Echocardiogram of young athletes on an annual training cycle].

PMID- 4021277
TI  - [Dynamics of the phonocardiographic picture following the bioprosthesis of the
      mitral valve].
AB  - Patterns of phonocardiographic changes were studied in 67 patients (aged 20 to 51
      years) with acquired mitral disease 2 months to 6 years after the implantation of
      aortic xenobioprostheses, preserved in glutaraldehyde and mounted on a hard or
      flexible support. Phonocardiographic findings were compared with intracardiac
      hemodynamic data. Three stages and three types of phonocardiographic pattern were
      identified in patients with normally functioning xenobiovalves. As the
      postoperative period grew longer, the patients showed progressively smaller
      amplitudes of tones I and II, a smaller, if any, systolic output murmur and
      diastolic murmur; some patients no longer exhibited the prosthetic opening tone.
      PCG parameters showed stability between 2 and 6 years of follow-up.

PMID- 4021278
TI  - [Central hemodynamics in chronic alcoholics].
AB  - Central hemodynamics were assessed in 86 chronic alcoholic patients in relation
      to the stage of the disease and the kind of alcoholic dependence. The values of
      major hemodynamic parameters were shown to depend on both the stage of the
      disease, and clinical manifestations of abstinence. The abstinence syndrome
      developing after a 3-5-day abstinence is associated with a gradual transition
      from eukinetic- to hypokinetic-type circulation, as the disease progresses.
      Hemodynamic shifts following recovery from acute delirium tremens are not related
      to the stage of the disease, and tend to hypokinetic-type circulation. During
      remission, hemodynamic parameters approach those of normal subjects.

PMID- 4021279
TI  - [Occurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation in acquired heart defects].
AB  - Functional relationship between hemodynamic overstrain and left-atrial distension
      was investigated in 209 patients with acquired heart diseases and developing
      persistent atrial fibrillation. The development of constant atrial fibrillation
      was shown to depend on the correlation between mean left-atrial pressure and
      size, and functional relations between the two parameters, i. e. their critical
      ratio at the time when constant fibrillation is established, were determined. The
      critical curves which define this relationship for males and females demonstrate
      that constant fibrillation develops in patients with high mean pressure in the
      left atrium that is only slightly distended, and in patients with lower mean
      pressure in a considerably distended left atrium.

PMID- 4021280
TI  - [Mechanism of the anti-arrhythmic action of phosphocreatine in acute myocardial
      ischemia].
AB  - The association between phosphocreatine's antifibrillatory action and its effect
      on the excitement propagation processes in the ischemic area was investigated
      under acute coronary arterial occlusion in dogs. Ischemia considerably reduced
      the amplitude, and increased the duration and time of onset, in local
      electrograms, and provoked cardiac fibrillation at the time of occlusion or
      during the recovery of coronary flow. A single intravenous injection of 300 mg/kg
      phosphocreatine eliminated cardiac fibrillation and largely prevented
      electrographic changes in the ischemized area. Phosphocreatinine,
      phosphocreatine's structural analogue, produced a similar effect. It is suggested
      that antiarrhythmic action of phosphocreatine and phosphocreatinine is mediated
      by their membrane effects.

PMID- 4021281
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the heart muscle in experimental myocardial infarct following
      physical training].
AB  - The ultrastructure of peri- and extra-infarction areas was examined in the left
      ventricular myocardium of rats after swimming exercise. The ultrastructural study
      of cardiomyocytes and blood capillaries has suggested that regular exercise under
      experimental myocardial infarction improves blood supply to the heart muscle,
      prevents fibrillogenesis and activates compensatory-adaptive response of the
      intracellular regeneration type within components of the capillary wall and
      cardiomyocytes.

PMID- 4021283
TI  - [Changes in the adrenergic mechanisms regulating cardiac activity and coronary
      circulation in experimental diabetes mellitus].
AB  - The effect of hyperglycemia on adrenergic response of the heart and coronary
      vessels was examined, using an alloxan diabetes model, in an experimental study
      involving catheterization, extracorporal perfusion and coronary arterial
      resistance measurement in dogs with intact thoracic cavities. Experimental
      diabetes mellitus was shown to be associated with enhanced positively
      chronotropic--and weakened negatively chrono- and inotropic--cardiac response to
      catecholamines introduced into the perfusion flow. Adrenergic reactive dilatation
      of coronary vessels was first enhanced, and later weakened, as glycemia
      progressed. It is assumed that a disturbance of hormonal interrelations due to
      insulin deficiency may play a role in the mechanism of changed adrenergic
      response of the heart and coronary vessels in experimental diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4021282
TI  - [Elimination of disorders of the elasticity and contractile function of
      nonischemic portions of the heart in myocardial infarct by using glucose and
      uridine].
AB  - A study of an isolated auricle showed that one day after the infarction the
      extensibility of the atrial myocardium was reduced, the Starling curve was
      depressed to result in about a two-fold decrease of the peak systolic tension,
      and atrial myocardial resistance to hypoxia and excessive calcium was also
      decreased. This complex of shifts was considerably diminished or eliminated
      altogether by means of building up an excessive glucose concentration or the
      administration of uridine, a cofactor of glycogen resynthesis. Therefore, the
      data obtained suggest that uridine can be used for correcting contractile
      disturbances of nonischemic compartments of the heart in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4021284
TI  - [New possibilities for improving cardiologic care].

PMID- 4021285
TI  - [Lipid content of the blood plasma and thrombocyte aggregation in myocardial
      infarct patients].

PMID- 4021286
TI  - [Effect of low-density lipoproteins on neutrophil chemotaxis in chronic ischemic
      heart disease patients].

PMID- 4021287
TI  - [Patient hemodynamic indices in the course of the year following myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 4021288
TI  - [Effect of korinfar on the central and peripheral hemodynamics of hypertension
      patients].

PMID- 4021289
TI  - [Inotropic effect of parathormone].

PMID- 4021290
TI  - [Electrical stability of the heart and the arrhythmogenic effect of isoptin].

PMID- 4021291
TI  - [Complex evaluation of the reactions of the cardiovascular system to emotional
      stress in young people].

PMID- 4021293
TI  - [Myocardial regional contractile function of the right ventricle].
AB  - On the basis of the angiocardiographic examination of 22 individuals without
      cardiovascular diseases or suffering from congenital heart disease with mild
      hemodynamic changes, the authors devised the method for assessing the regional
      contractile function of the right ventricle myocardium founded on the anatomical
      principle of the division of the right ventricle chamber into different portions.
      The possibility of the quantitative evaluation of the functional status of
      different portions of the right ventricle is demonstrated.

PMID- 4021292
TI  - [Clinico-hemodynamic correlations in patients with a postinfarct aneurysm of the
      left ventricle].
AB  - Eighty-four patients with left-ventricular post-infarction aneurysm were
      examined, 74 of those showing clinical signs of circulatory insufficiency.
      Selective coronarography and left roentgenocinematoventriculography were
      performed in all cases. Volumetric parameters and the ejection fraction were
      estimated for the total and contractile segment of the left ventricle.
      Statistical treatment of the data thus obtained demonstrated a relationship
      between the segmental contractility and manifestation of clinical signs of
      circulatory insufficiency. The limits were established for increments in residual
      and end-diastolic volumes that lead to the development of clinical manifestations
      of circulatory insufficiency. An increased end-diastolic pressure seems to be
      indicative of reduced elasticity (pliancy) of the left-ventricular myocardium, as
      reflected in markedly disturbed segmental contractility of the left-ventricular
      wall.

PMID- 4021294
TI  - [Use of a psychoemotional stress test in ischemic heart disease, hypertension and
      heart rhythm disorders].
AB  - Forty male patients with coronary heart disease and essential hypertension, as
      well as 10 normal subjects, were examined, using a psychoemotional test with
      simultaneous monitoring of arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate and ECG
      patterns. The test revealed disorders of cardiac rhythm in 28.6% of coronary
      patients and induced signs of myocardial ischemia and an anginal attack in 2.
      Signs of myocardial ischemia were more often provoked in coronary patients by
      physical stress tests as compared to those involving psychoemotional stress. In
      hypertensive patients, psychoemotional stress was associated with a more
      pronounced arterial BP rise, as compared to the results in normotensive
      individuals (normal subjects and coronary patients). Psychoemotional stress tests
      can be used alongside other kinds of tests in patients with coronary disease,
      essential hypertension and cardiac rhythm disorders.

PMID- 4021295
TI  - [Diagnostic and practical significance of the frequency changes in the electrical
      impulses of implanted pacemakers].
AB  - The data on 1050 patients with implanted electric pace-makers are summarized, and
      the diagnostic and practical value of changes in the frequency of pulses they
      generate is discussed.

PMID- 4021297
TI  - [Assessment of heart rhythm in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy based on
      daily ECG monitoring data].
AB  - The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of arrhythmias were examined,
      using continuous 24-hour ECG monitoring, in 25 patients with dilatation
      cardiomyopathy. Supraventricular extrasystole was found in 100% of patients with
      the sinus rhythm, and ventricular extrasystoles, in 94% of patients, being most
      commonly associated with poor prognosis (polytopic extrasystoles in 84%, paired
      extrasystoles in 60%, and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia in 40%). Disorders
      of atrio-ventricular conductivity were recorded in 47.6% of patients with the
      sinus rhythm, 23.8% of those showing a permanent 1st-degree block, and the rest,
      a transient block of the 1st--3d degree. It was demonstrated that arrhythmias
      could serve as a permanent sign of dilatation cardiomyopathy, being most commonly
      of a complex nature and associated with poor prognosis.

PMID- 4021296
TI  - [Use of verapamil for treating patients with unstable stenocardia].
AB  - Verapamil in a 400 mg daily dose was used in 64 coronary patients with the
      unstable angina syndrome, their condition being assessed by means of
      coronarography (40) and the cold test (24). Anginal attacks subsided in more than
      60% of the patients treated with verapamil alone or in combination with long
      acting nitrates, and their treatment was continued on an out-patient basis. In 24
      patients, the drug had no effect and was discontinued. Typically, all the three
      major coronary arteries were affected in these patients, and they were refractory
      to other antianginal drugs. Myocardial infarction developed during hospital stay
      in 7 (11%) patients. The cold test has no predictive value with respect to the
      efficiency of verapamil in these patients, as the rate of positive tests is
      rather low. The drug taken in a 400 mg dose is easily tolerated by patients over
      long periods of treatment (up to 1.5 pears), however, their circulatory status
      should be closely monitored because of a risk of heart failure and arterial
      hypotension.

PMID- 4021298
TI  - [Comparison of the indices of left ventricular pumping function, contractility,
      myocardial metabolism and the magnitude of the R wave on the ECG of ischemic
      heart disease patients].
AB  - Central hemodynamics, myocardial contractility and consumption of major energy
      substrates (lactate, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, NEFA), as well as the
      total R wave amplitude from 12 standard leads were assessed in 20 patients with
      neurocirculatory dystonia (the control group) and 36 patients with chronic
      coronary disease. The changes in central hemodynamics and contractility were
      particularly marked in 12 of the more severe coronary cases with a raised total R
      wave amplitude. Myocardial energy supply in such patients is provided at the
      expense of NEFA. The mildest cases, whose total R wave amplitude was as low as
      that of the controls, showed unchanged left-ventricular contractility and normal
      hemodynamic response to the atrial stimulation test. Myocardial glucose and
      lactate extraction prevails in these patients. It is suggested that a
      relationship may exist between the pattern of myocardial energy metabolism and
      the amplitude of electrocardiographic R wave.

PMID- 4021299
TI  - [Importance of combined instrumental study methods in the expertise of the work
      capacity of ischemic heart disease patients with stable stenocardia].
AB  - Working capacity of 87 coronary patients with stable angina was assessed on the
      basis of a functional classification of the results of non-invasive
      investigations (resting ECG, bicycle ergometry, echocardiography). Bicycle
      ergometry proved to be the most informative method providing indirect evidence of
      coronary reserve. An objective assessment of the condition of coronary patients
      can be made using values of exercise tolerance (threshold capacity and volume of
      work), heart rate and double product at the peak of exercise. A close correlation
      exists between the severity of atherosclerotic affection of coronary arteries and
      individual exercise tolerance, which can be used in the medical evaluation of the
      working capacity of coronary patients with stable angina pectoris.

PMID- 4021300
TI  - [Effect of intensive physical training on the hospital stage of the
      rehabilitation of patients with macrofocal myocardial infarct].
AB  - Thirty-five patients with large-focal myocardial infarction were divided into the
      main (21) and the control (14) groups. The main-group patients were subjected to
      intensive exercise beginning with day 10-22 of the disease; its program was
      designed so as to match the data of bicycle ergometry checkups and included
      bicycle-ergometric riding and rationed walking. It was demonstrated that the main
      group patients showed better physical stress tolerance, improved myocardial
      functional potentials, better psychological outlook and smaller pulmonary venous
      congestion at the time of transfer to the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation. It
      is suggested that exercise be incorporated in the hospital rehabilitation complex
      for patients with large-focal myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4021301
TI  - [Multifactorial analysis of the hemodynamic reactions to a physical load in
      hypertension].
AB  - Multifactorial analysis of findings from 66 essentially hypertensive patients and
      14 normal subjects investigated during bicycle ergometry (250 and 500 kgm/min)
      demonstrated a relationship between hemodynamic changes and the patient's
      baseline status, age and stage of the disease. Hypertensive patients showed
      greater AP response to exercise and smaller changes in heart productivity and
      vascular tone, as compared to normal subjects with similar resting hemodynamic
      status. Patients with high resting AP and CI values showed smaller shifts during
      bicycle ergometry, as compared to other patients at the same stage of the
      disease, while diastolic AP increase was more pronounced in elderly patients.

PMID- 4021302
TI  - [Function of the heart chambers in acute myocardial infarct].
AB  - A study of 87 patients, admitted to hospital within the first day of acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI) identified 3 groups of patients on the basis of their
      pulmonary capillary occlusion pressure (OP) values. Sixteen normal subjects made
      up the control group. Myocardial contractility and volume characteristics
      obtained by sectoral scanning were reviewed. It was demonstrated that the
      contractility of the left and right heart chambers had different patterns of
      change in relation to the magnitude of pressure: left-atrial and right
      ventricular ejection fraction (EF) gradually declined, and normal pressure values
      were associated with right-ventricular hyperfunction. Right-ventricular EF also
      decreased as the OP grew, yet it did not reach the critical values as observed
      with the left-ventricular EF. The predominance of the right-ventricular function
      over the left-ventricular one might be one of the mechanisms underlying the
      development of insufficiency in the lesser circulation. Contractility unbalance
      was also shown to exist between the right and left atria. A rise in the end
      systolic volume in the presence of unchanged end diastolic volume is the earliest
      manifestation of reduced left-ventricular contractility in acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 4021303
TI  - [Lipids and apoproteins in the blood plasma of children with a hereditary
      disposition to ischemic heart disease].
AB  - An investigation of children with aggravated heredity (coronary disease), and
      those with vegetovascular dystonia whose parents had no clinically apparent
      coronary disease demonstrated unidirectional shifts in the lipoprotein system of
      the two samples as compared to the controls: increased cholesterol levels in low
      density lipoproteins and lowered cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins and
      apoprotein A1. In children with aggravated heredity, these changes are also
      associated with vegetovascular dystonia, whereas in the absence of the latter
      they are not apparent or minimal. At the same time, certain differences in
      cholesterol distribution over lipoprotein fractions and protein/lipid ratios
      suggest that mechanisms of changes are not identical in children with aggravated
      heredity and those free from it.

PMID- 4021304
TI  - [Ventricular pre-excitation syndrome in adolescents].
AB  - A total of 26 adolescents (aged 14-18) with the premature ventricular exitement
      (PVE) syndrome were under observation, 17 of them being followed up in the time
      course of 2 to 10 years. The LGL syndrome and Maheim type were rather often noted
      among such adolescents. Paroxysmal tachycardia attacks and in some cases
      extrasystole were recorded in 34% of the patients with the PVE syndrome. Bicycle
      ergometry evidenced a decrease in the functional capacity of the cardiovascular
      system of the adolescents with the PVE syndrome.

PMID- 4021305
TI  - [Action of noradrenaline and dopamine on the pacemaker cells of the normal rat
      sinus node and in pharmacological sympathectomy].
AB  - The authors studied the action of the physiological concentrations of
      catecholamines on the major parameters of the action potentials of the true
      pacemakers, using a graphic analysis of their electric activity at the
      intracellular microelectrode lead. Desympathization was carried out with the help
      of daily intraperitoneal injections of guanethidine solution for six weeks.
      Noradrenaline and dopamine have a similar effect on the electrogenesis of the
      pacemakers by decreasing a relative threshold of auto-stimulation and decreasing
      the steepness of the potential growth in phase 4 on the curve of the action
      potential. Pharmacological desympathization leads to the development of hyper
      reactivity of the true pacemakers to noradrenaline and dopamine and triggers off
      changes in the regulation of the electric activity of these cells by
      catecholamines.

PMID- 4021306
TI  - [Cold-induced arrhythmias in the isolated rabbit atrium studied by mapping].
AB  - Arrhythmias developing in isolated rabbit atria following the cooling of the
      perfusion solution were studied by multielectrode mapping. In 10 out of the 12
      initially invulnerable preparations, the cooling to 27 +/- +/- 0.7'C induced
      arrhythmias. The effect was reversible, disappearing with the temperature
      normalization. Mapping showed that in 60% of the cases the arrhythmias were
      caused by the emergence of the leading cycles (functionally determined re-entry).
      In 40% of the cases, the re-entry was not demonstrable by mapping. However,
      arrhythmias in these experiments developed at the same temperature and had the
      same period as the leading cycles. The appearance of arrhythmias was closely
      correlated with a decrease in the wave length which strongly suggests the re
      entry mechanism of hypothermic arrhythmias.

PMID- 4021307
TI  - Pressure dependence of exaggerated natriuresis in two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - This study evaluated the responses of each kidney of two-kidney, one clip
      Goldblatt hypertensive rats to acute volume loading to delineate the contribution
      of elevated perfusion pressure to the mechanisms of the exaggerated natriuresis
      in this model of hypertension. Eleven Goldblatt animals (0.2 mm clip 3 weeks
      prior to study) were studied at spontaneous blood pressure for each kidney's
      response to volume loading. In 11 other Goldblatt animals an aortic clamp between
      the renal arteries allowed reduction of perfusion pressure for the left,
      nonclipped kidney to normal levels. Ten normal rats served as controls. Renal
      function was examined during control periods and following the infusion of 3.5%
      body wt of 154 mM X liter-1 NaCl at 22.5 ml X hr-1. An exaggerated natriuresis
      was observed for the left, nonclipped kidney of the hypertensive Goldblatt rats,
      while the clipped kidney exhibited an attenuated natriuresis compared to either
      kidney of normal control rats. Reduction of perfusion pressure to the nonclipped
      kidney of Goldblatt animals to normal levels resulted in reduced clearance and
      excretory function before volume loading and attenuated its natriuretic response
      to levels less than those for the Goldblatt group at spontaneous, hypertensive
      blood pressure. The exaggerated natriuresis observed at hypertensive blood
      pressure was attributable to increases of filtered load of Na+ and reduced
      fractional absorption. These observations indicate that an exaggerated
      natriuresis occurs in the two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rat and
      that this phenomenon depends on the elevated renal perfusion pressure to the
      nonclipped kidney.

PMID- 4021308
TI  - Effect of protein intake on renal function and structure in partially
      nephrectomized rats.
AB  - To examine the effect of high protein intake on renal function and structure in
      rats with 5/6 nephrectomy chronic renal failure, we pairfed rats with chronic
      renal failure and sham-operated control rats diets of 14 or 37% protein content
      for up to 6 months. High protein intake accelerated mortality in rats with
      chronic renal failure and resulted in a more rapid rate of decrease in renal
      function as established by plotting the reciprocal of plasma creatinine versus
      time. High protein intake also increased urine protein excretion in experimental
      and control rats. High protein intake was associated with increased tubular
      dilatation and interstitial inflammation, both of which were striking features in
      rats with chronic renal failure. Glomerular sclerosis was prominent in rats with
      chronic renal failure. These rats had smaller glomerular tuft dimensions than
      control rats irrespective of their protein intake. We conclude that high protein
      intake accelerates the course of chronic renal failure in rats. The pathologic
      process involves glomerular sclerosis; however, interstitial inflammation and
      renal tubular changes leading to cyst formation also appear to influence the
      process adversely.

PMID- 4021309
TI  - Spontaneous glomerular IgA deposition in ddY mice: an animal model of IgA
      nephritis.
AB  - It was found that ddY mice derived from non-inbred dd-stock mice brought from
      Germany before 1920 and then raised in Japan developed spontaneously IgA dominant
      deposition in the glomerular mesangium. In this report we give a detailed natural
      history of the renal pathology of those mice. The animals were fed rodent
      laboratory chow and sacrificed in groups of 9 to 10 at 6, 10, 16, 24, 28, 40, and
      59 weeks of age. The bladder urine was analyzed, serum immunoglobulins were
      measured, and the kidney specimens were evaluated with light, fluorescent, and
      electron microscopy. Proteinuria was (plus) to (2 plus) after 28 weeks and (2
      plus) to (3 plus) at 59 weeks with negative hematuria. Mesangial cell
      proliferation began to appear at 16 weeks, then progressed to a definite
      proliferative glomerulonephritis. At 59 weeks an additional increase of the
      mesangial matrix occurred. By immunofluorescence, there were IgG of (2 plus), IgM
      (plus) to (2 plus), IgA (plus) and C3 (plus) in the glomeruli until 28 weeks.
      However, IgA started to be dominant at 40 weeks and the glomerular pattern was
      IgA (2 plus) to (3 plus), IgG (plus) to (2 plus), IgM (+/-) to (plus) and C3
      (plus) to (2 plus) at 59 weeks. Polyclonal IgA and IgG2a among immunoglobulins
      steeply rose at 40 weeks, and at 59 weeks IgA increased by 850%, IgG2a by 280%,
      IgG1 by 170%, IgG2b by 90%, and IgM by 60%, as compared with their level at 6
      weeks. There was no anti-nuclear antibody. Thus, ddY mice, at least after the age
      of 40 weeks, can be used as a new animal model for spontaneous IgA nephritis. The
      probable origin of IgA is also discussed.

PMID- 4021310
TI  - Comparative effects of acetate and bicarbonate hemodialysis on left ventricular
      function.
AB  - To assess the comparative effects of hemodialysis with acetate versus bicarbonate
      base on left ventricular systolic function, we performed M-mode echocardiography
      on 36 patients prior to and immediately following 4-hr maintenance hemodialysis.
      Patients were initially dialyzed against either sodium acetate or sodium
      bicarbonate and 1 week later were dialyzed against the alternate base. The mean
      velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf, circumferences/s) was
      used to assess left ventricular systolic function. In patients with normal pre
      dialysis mean Vcf hemodialysis with acetate produced no significant change in
      mean Vcf, whereas hemodialysis with bicarbonate produced a significant increase
      in mean Vcf. In patients with low pre-dialysis mean Vcf hemodialysis with either
      base produced a significant increase in mean Vcf. Mean Vcf values obtained after
      hemodialysis with bicarbonate were significantly higher than those obtained after
      hemodialysis with acetate, both in patients with normal and low pre-hemodialysis
      mean Vcf. We conclude that hemodialysis with bicarbonate produces a comparatively
      greater improvement in left ventricular systolic function than hemodialysis with
      acetate.

PMID- 4021311
TI  - Calcium metabolism in uremic nephrocalcinosis: preventive effect of verapamil.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to examine calcium metabolism of the renal
      cortex in experimental chronic renal failure, together with morphologic criteria
      of nephrocalcinosis and to determine the effect of chronic verapamil
      administration on these parameters. In subtotally nephrectomized (SNX) rats 3
      weeks after surgery, renal cortical calcium content increased more than two-fold.
      45Ca incorporation into renal cortical slices in SNX revealed a 35% increase,
      associated with a 50% increase in a lanthanum-resistant fraction of 45Ca uptake.
      Radiocalcium wash-out curves in this group demonstrated abnormal retention of the
      isotope for up to 30 min of incubation. In contrast, radiocalcium incorporation
      and wash-out in SNX rats chronically treated with verapamil were similar to that
      obtained in the sham group. Verapamil administration significantly reduced, but
      did not normalize, renal cortical calcium content. Von Kossa staining
      demonstrated the deposition of calcium in the renal parenchyma of SNX rats.
      Ultrastructurally, it was accompanied by mitochondrial disorganization and
      calcification, as well as by the tubular basement membrane destruction and
      mineralization. These morphologic patterns of nephrocalcinosis were significantly
      ameliorated in SNX rats treated with verapamil. We conclude that chronic
      verapamil administration results in amelioration of uremic nephrocalcinosis.

PMID- 4021312
TI  - Increased bone aluminum deposition after subtotal parathyroidectomy in dialyzed
      patients.
AB  - Ten dialyzed patients underwent a systematic bone biopsy before and 19 +/- 9
      months after subtotal parathyroidectomy (PTX). At the end of the follow-up period
      all the patients, except two, who complained of proximal myalgia, were
      asymptomatic. Compared to the bone biopsy specimen obtained prior surgery,
      decreased bone formation without mineralization impairment was observed after
      PTX. Despite an average decrease in aluminum gels intake after PTX, an increase
      in stained aluminum was observed (0.69 +/- 0.79 versus 1.20 +/- 0.95 mm/mm2, P
      less than 0.050). Aluminum accumulation depended on the pre-PTX bone aluminum
      load: pre- and post-PTX bone aluminum loads were correlated (r = 0.78, P less
      than 0.01). Bone aluminum accumulation was not related to the amount of aluminum
      gel intake after PTX; however, only two patients free of both bone aluminum
      deposit prior to PTX and aluminum gel intake after PTX had no stainable aluminum
      on the second bone biopsy after PTX. The only patient who had no decrease in bone
      formation after PTX had no increase in bone aluminum. Assuming that the patients
      had no aluminum deposit prior to dialysis, we measured the rate of bone aluminum
      accumulation. It rose from 0.11 +/- 0.09 mm/mm2/year prior to PTX to 0.40 +/-
      0.25 mm/mm2/year after PTX (P less than 0.05) in the six patients who were
      maintained on phosphate binders and who had a decrease in bone formation after
      PTX. These six patients had unchanged aluminum gel intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4021313
TI  - Mechanism of impaired urinary concentration in chronic primary
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - To define the role of medullary damage and the influence of solute load and blood
      pressure (BP) in impairing urinary concentration, patients with chronic
      glomerulonephritis were investigated by histological and functional studies. In
      59 biopsy specimens, the degree of medullary fibrosis was correlated inversely
      with urinary specific gravity and was significantly greater in hypertensive than
      in normotensive subjects. The following clearance studies were carried out in
      patients with a GFR of 15 to 40 ml/min in maximal antidiuresis: (1) Eight
      patients were studied while receiving a high sodium and protein diet and then
      after 1 week of low sodium, low protein diet; (2) ten patients were loaded with
      hypertonic saline (3%) to increase urine volume up to 25 to 30% of GFR; (3) the
      concentrating ability was compared in 15 normotensives and 15 hypertensives with
      comparable GFR; (4) the concentrating ability was studied in nine hypertensive
      patients before and after drug-induced normalization of BP. In (1) no change
      occurred in maximal urine osmolality (UOsm) even if fractional sodium excretion
      and filtered load of urea were reduced. In (2), values of UOsm fell below those
      of plasma osmolality. In (3), UOsm and negative free-water generation were lower
      in hypertensive than in normotensive subjects. In (4), normalization of BP was
      not associated with any change in UOsm. These results indicate that osmotic
      diuresis does not play a critical role in reducing urinary concentration. This
      defect is better accounted for by an intrinsic medullary damage, enhanced in
      hypertensive patients, which may impair the permeability of collecting ducts to
      water.

PMID- 4021314
TI  - Role of fibrinogen in the glomerular permeability of the perfused, isolated dog
      kidney.

PMID- 4021315
TI  - Phenomenological analysis of renal regulation of sodium and potassium balance.

PMID- 4021316
TI  - Metabolic control of renal vascular resistance and glomerulotubular balance.
AB  - Renal vascular resistance (RVR) and glomerulotubular balance were examined in
      isolated rat kidneys perfused at 100 mm Hg with 10 mM lactate (L) or 10 mM
      pyruvate (P) or 5 mM glucose (G) either alone or with a mixture of 20 amino acids
      (13.5 mM, AA); albumin oncotic pressure 24 +/- 1 mm Hg. RVR was L greater than P
      greater than G = AA. Vasodilation by G and AA was additive. Proximal tubular
      sodium-cotransport was evaluated from fractional reabsorption (FR) of phosphate
      (Pi), G, and L. FR Pi was 91% in AA, 86% in P, 72% in L, and 67% in G. Combining
      AA or P with L or G increased FR Pi to 89 to 90%. FRs of G and L by G and L
      perfused kidneys were 83 and 78%, respectively, and were increased to 97 to 99%
      by combining G or L with AA or P. P and AA also increased FR sodium and FR water
      when combined with L or G or when combined with each other. GFR correlated
      positively with FR sodium and FR water. AA combined synergistically with L to
      increase gluconeogenesis. These results indicate that, compared with pyruvate or
      AA, neither glucose nor lactate alone is a good energy source for proximal
      tubular reabsorption, that synergistic interactions between AA or pyruvate and
      lactate or glucose augment GFR by increasing proximal tubular reabsorption, and
      that the vasodilating effects of glucose and AA are not related directly to their
      effects on GFR.

PMID- 4021317
TI  - Effects of intra-animal nephron heterogeneity on studies of glomerular dynamics.
AB  - Quintuplicate determinations of the parameters measured in studies of glomerular
      dynamics revealed that the intra-animal coefficients of variation for Bowman's
      space and star vessel pressures, nephron filtration rate, and filtration
      fractions were 54 to 72% larger than the corresponding interanimal coefficients
      of variation; those for glomerular capillary pressure were more nearly equal.
      With a net efferent filtration pressure (delta PE) of 10.6 +/- SEM 1.9 mm Hg, the
      rats were far from filtration pressure equilibrium and the calculated
      ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) of 2.1 +/- SEM 0.2 nl/min X mm Hg was lower than
      in many other studies. Statistical analysis revealed that the precision of
      estimates of both the measured and the derived parameters in glomerular dynamic
      studies is affected appreciably by ignoring the intra-animal effect. The
      importance of the intra-animal variance in glomerular dynamic studies is greatest
      when only one or two samples of each measured parameter are obtained in every rat
      (k = 1 or 2) and least when k is large. Triplicate sampling provides combined
      SEMs that are not greatly larger than those obtained with k = 5, however, and
      offers the greatest economy in studies of glomerular dynamics. The number of
      animals required to provide values with delta PE and Kf that are within +/- 20%
      of the "true" values is rather large.

PMID- 4021319
TI  - Effect of imidazole and indomethacin on hemodynamics of the obstructed canine
      kidney.
AB  - In the anesthetized dog renal blood flow (RBF) and its intrarenal distribution
      were investigated by the radioactive microsphere technique 24 hr after bilateral
      (BUL) and unilateral (UUL) ureteral ligation. In the control series indomethacin
      (IM) led to a decrease in RBF with outward shifting of zonal perfusions;
      imidazole (IA) did not cause significant changes in renal hemodynamics. In the
      BUL series there was a sharp drop in RBF with a proportional decrease in outer
      (OC) and inner (IC) cortical perfusion; IM treatment resulted in a further
      decrease in overall and zonal perfusions. IA, a selective inhibitor of
      thromboxane synthetase, relieved IC vasoconstriction. In the ligated kidney of
      the UUL preparations decrease in RBF was due to OC vasoconstriction, while IC
      perfusion equalled controls. IM led to an overall vasoconstriction in all
      cortical layers; IA did not influence either total RBF or its distribution. It
      was concluded that BUL "unmasked" TXA2 production in the IC layers, while IM
      treatment, by inhibiting the production of PGE2, PGI2, and TXA2, resulted in an
      overall vasoconstriction both in controls and the BUL and UUL preparations.

PMID- 4021318
TI  - Phosphate transport by brushborder membranes from superficial and juxtamedullary
      cortex.
AB  - In vivo studies indicate that the extent of phosphate (Pi) reabsorption differs
      in proximal tubules of superficial (SC) and juxtamedullary (JM) nephrons. Since
      Na-gradient (Nao greater than Nai) dependent uptake of Pi by the luminal
      brushborder membrane (BBM) may be the rate-determining step in proximal tubular
      reabsorption, we studied this transport system in brushborder membrane vesicles
      (BBMV) prepared from SC and JM renal cortex of dogs fed either a low phosphorus
      diet (LPD, 0.07% Pi) or high phosphorus diet (HPD, 1.2% Pi). In the initial
      uphill phase (that is, "overshoot"), the rate of Na-gradient dependent uptake of
      Pi was significantly greater [delta + 35%] in BBMV from the SC cortex (BBMV-SC)
      than in BBMV from the JM cortex (BBMV-JM) of the dogs fed LPD. Higher Na
      dependent Pi uptake was due to significantly (P less than 0.05) higher apparent
      Vmax (mean +/- SEM, nmoles Pi/0.5 min/mg protein) for Pi in BBMV-SC (7.5 +/-
      1.57) compared with Vmax in BBMV-JM (6.05 +/- 1.74). Higher transport of Pi in
      BBMV-SC compared with BBMV-JM of dogs fed LPD was a difference relatively
      specific for the Na-dependent Pi uptake system; Na+ independent uptake of Pi and
      Na-dependent uptake of D-glucose were lower in BBMV-SC than in BBMV-JM. The size
      of BBMV or rate of Na+ uptake did not differ between BBMV-SC and BBMV-JM. The Na
      gradient dependent uptake of Pi was no different between BBMV-SC and BBMV-JM from
      dogs stabilized on HPD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4021320
TI  - Effect of acute potassium load on reabsorption in Henle's loop in chronic renal
      failure in the rat.
AB  - To determine the effect of an acute load of potassium on potassium reabsorption
      by the loop of Henle in chronic renal failure, the right kidney was removed and
      branches of the left renal artery were ligated in 17 rats. One week later and
      after 2 days of a potassium-free diet, rats were studied before (period 1) and
      after (period 2) acute loads of potassium chloride (KCl group), equimolar sodium
      chloride (NaCl group) or no solute (time control). The KCl load increased urinary
      potassium excretion to a greater extent (from 5 to 50%, P less than 0.005) than
      in NaCl (14 to 27%) or time control (9 to 14%), and caused as great a diuresis
      and natriuresis as did NaCl. Fractional delivery of water, sodium, and potassium
      to the end-proximal tubule increased similarly in the NaCl and KCl groups and
      slightly less so in the time control group in period 2. The major finding was a
      striking increase in potassium delivery to the beginning of the distal tubule
      (from 17 to 37%) in period 2 which was substantially greater than in the combined
      control groups (13 to 19%, P less than 0.025) and was equivalent to three
      quarters of urinary potassium excretion. This was the consequence of an increase
      in the filtered load of potassium, an increase in absolute delivery of potassium
      from the proximal tubule (P less than 0.005), and a decrease in fractional
      potassium reabsorption by the loop of Henle from 64 to 48%, versus 72 to 69% in
      the control groups (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that the proximal
      tubule and, in particular, Henle's loop play a role in excreting an acute
      potassium load in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 4021322
TI  - Enhanced reabsorption of bicarbonate and phosphorus by the addition of amino
      acids in the isolated perfused rat kidney.

PMID- 4021323
TI  - [Malabsorption syndrome--review of definition, pathogenesis and diagnosis. 2].

PMID- 4021321
TI  - Course of acute renal failure studied by a model of creatinine kinetics.
AB  - A computerized model of creatinine kinetics was developed to predict the
      relationship between creatinine clearance [G(t)] and plasma creatinine
      concentration [C(t)] in patients with postischemic acute renal failure (ARF). A
      comparison of predicted to measured values in 35 episodes of ARF in 27 patients
      revealed three patterns of declining G(t) following an ischemic insult. Pattern
      A, characterized by an abrupt step decrement in G(t) following an isolated renal
      ischemic episode lasting minutes or hours, was observed in nine patients. It was
      followed invariably by an immediate ramp increment in G(t), despite which C(t)
      continued to increase for several days. Urinary indices during the period of
      increasing azotemia were consistent with the resolving stage of ARF. Patterns B
      (N = 15) and C (N = 11) were associated with persistent renal ischemia of long
      (days to weeks) duration and were respectively characterized by prolonged ramp or
      exponential decrements in G(t). A concurrent increase in C(t) was associated with
      urinary indices typical of the maintenance or sustained stage of ARF. Recovery of
      G(t) was observed in only two-thirds of patterns B and C cases and took the form
      of a ramp or exponential increment. Because G(t) and total body water were
      changing rapidly in ARF, changes in measured plasma creatinine levels alone
      failed to identify these patterns of deteriorating or improving renal function.
      However, when the computerized model was used in conjunction with daily measured
      values of C(t) and body weight and occasional estimates of G(t), the course and
      prognosis of ARF in individual patients were illuminated.

PMID- 4021324
TI  - [Calculation of the effect of phototherapy with reference to different radiation
      variants. II. Prognostic evaluation of the effect of phototherapy by intermittent
      and continuous phototherapy].

PMID- 4021325
TI  - [Coincidence of kidney damage and diagnostic parameters in neurogenic bladder
      emptying disorder. An analysis of 76 cases with myelodysplasia].

PMID- 4021326
TI  - [Effect of room climate on acute respiratory diseases in day care centers].

PMID- 4021327
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of nonepithelial stomach tumors].

PMID- 4021329
TI  - [Possibilities for emergency intraoperative cytological diagnosis in cancer
      patients].

PMID- 4021328
TI  - [Perforation of cancerous stomach tumors].

PMID- 4021330
TI  - [Effect of surgical and combined treatment on the sympathetic-adrenal function of
      patients with cancer of the esophagus and proximal portion of the stomach].

PMID- 4021331
TI  - [Hemodynamics and blood oxygen transport following operations on patients with
      chronic nonspecific suppurative lung diseases].

PMID- 4021332
TI  - [Principles of immunotherapy in osteomyelitis with respect to the recommendations
      of the World Health Organization].

PMID- 4021334
TI  - [Substantiation of the prospective need for hospital cancer care based on the
      prognosis of malignant neoplasm morbidity].

PMID- 4021333
TI  - [Extracorporeal percutaneous transhepatic cholangiocholecystic shunting as a
      treatment method for patients with obstructive jaundice due to cancer of the
      hepatic portal].

PMID- 4021335
TI  - [Organization of anesthesiological support in outpatient care].

PMID- 4021336
TI  - [Giant esophageal polyp].

PMID- 4021337
TI  - [Leiomyoma of the stomach].

PMID- 4021338
TI  - [Benign stomach tumors].

PMID- 4021339
TI  - [Hemangioma of the small intestine simulating iron-deficiency anemia].

PMID- 4021340
TI  - [Development of tumors in the area of rectal fistulae].

PMID- 4021341
TI  - [Resection of the left hepatic lobe for hemangioma].

PMID- 4021342
TI  - [Retroperitoneal cysts].

PMID- 4021343
TI  - [Retroperitoneal mesenchymoma].

PMID- 4021344
TI  - [Metachronous bilateral cystic lymphangioma of the retroperitoneal space in a
      pregnant woman].

PMID- 4021345
TI  - [2 cases of lung teratomas].

PMID- 4021347
TI  - [Recurrence of Madelung's syndrome].

PMID- 4021346
TI  - [Metastases of breast cancer in the late period after radical treatment].

PMID- 4021348
TI  - [Acute torsion of the stomach].

PMID- 4021349
TI  - [Torsion of the greater omentum].

PMID- 4021350
TI  - [Diaphragmatic injuries in multiple trauma].

PMID- 4021351
TI  - [Subphrenic abscess].

PMID- 4021352
TI  - [False acute abdomen due to Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome].

PMID- 4021353
TI  - [Leukocytic index of intoxication in acute surgical diseases of the abdominal
      organs].

PMID- 4021354
TI  - [Shotgun pellet wounds of the abdominal organs].

PMID- 4021355
TI  - [Gallbladder and bile duct injuries in abdominal trauma].

PMID- 4021356
TI  - [Multiple injuries to the right branch of the portal vein, gallbladder, duodenum
      and pancreas].

PMID- 4021357
TI  - [Liquid-crystal thermography in the diagnosis of acute postoperative
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 4021358
TI  - [Causes of the development and clinical forms of acute biliary pancreatitis].

PMID- 4021359
TI  - [Multiple wounds of the abdominal organs via the perineum].

PMID- 4021360
TI  - [Complex approach to the detection of insufficiency of esophagogastric junction
      in children].

PMID- 4021361
TI  - [Rheorectography in children with megacolon].

PMID- 4021362
TI  - [Prolonged drip lavage of the caliceal-pelvic system of the kidneys after
      operations in the complex treatment of calculous pyelonephritis in children].

PMID- 4021363
TI  - [Effect of surgical treatment of chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis in children on
      the state of humoral and cellular immunity].

PMID- 4021364
TI  - [Effect of irradiation with a helium-neon laser on the functional state of
      peripheral blood circulation during treatment of children with long-standing non
      healing wounds].

PMID- 4021365
TI  - [Acute destructive pneumonia in children].

PMID- 4021366
TI  - [Characteristics of the surgical treatment of funnel chest associated with
      curvature of the spine in children].

PMID- 4021367
TI  - [Regional blood flow in fractures of femoral diaphysis in children].

PMID- 4021368
TI  - [Endovascular occlusion of internal seminal veins in varicoceles in children and
      adolescents].

PMID- 4021369
TI  - [Surgical treatment of atresia of the rectum with vaginal fistula in girls].

PMID- 4021370
TI  - [Treatment of complicated stomach and duodenal ulcers in children].

PMID- 4021371
TI  - [Perforation of peptic ulcer of Meckel's diverticulum in children].

PMID- 4021372
TI  - [Diagnosis of early postoperative complications in pediatric abdominal surgery].

PMID- 4021373
TI  - [Experience with the treatment of a septicopyemic form of acute hematogenic
      osteomyelitis in children using intra-arterial infusions of antibiotics].

PMID- 4021374
TI  - [Urologic diseases in children manifested by symptoms of acute abdomen].

PMID- 4021375
TI  - [Possibilities of emergency excretory urography in the differential diagnosis of
      acute surgical and urologic diseases in children].

PMID- 4021376
TI  - [Experience using intravenous anesthesia in pediatric anesthesiology].

PMID- 4021377
TI  - [Treatment of suppurative-septic diseases complicated by dysbacteriosis in young
      children].

PMID- 4021378
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients after Duhamel's operation in Hirschsprung disease].

PMID- 4021379
TI  - [Destructive cholecystitis in children].

PMID- 4021380
TI  - [Abdominal syndrome in erysipelas complicated by myocarditis].

PMID- 4021381
TI  - [Developmental anomalies of the rectum with fistulas of the genital organs in
      girls].

PMID- 4021383
TI  - [Parkes Weber syndrome in a child].

PMID- 4021382
TI  - [Treatment of varicocele in children].

PMID- 4021384
TI  - [2 cases of successful treatment of children with extremely critical burns].

PMID- 4021385
TI  - [Tactics in the treatment of external intestinal fistulas in children].

PMID- 4021386
TI  - [Current state of surgery of the esophagus].

PMID- 4021387
TI  - [Lymphosorption in the complex treatment of destructive pancreatitis].

PMID- 4021388
TI  - [Staphylococcal bacteremia in patients with phlegmonous cholecystitis].

PMID- 4021389
TI  - [Anaerobic clostridial infection of surgical wounds].

PMID- 4021390
TI  - [Local treatment of post-injection abscesses with a combination of oxytocin and
      antibiotics].

PMID- 4021391
TI  - [Late postoperative abscesses of the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 4021392
TI  - [Erosive hemorrhages as a complication of suppurative mediastinitis].

PMID- 4021393
TI  - [Phagocytosis in patients with a surgical profile uncomplicated and complicated
      by suppurative infection].

PMID- 4021394
TI  - [Use of prostheses made of highly porous polytetrafluoroethylene in the
      reconstruction of veins].

PMID- 4021395
TI  - [Preoperative prevention of surgical infections].

PMID- 4021396
TI  - [Treatment of patients with extensive circular burns on beds with an air
      cushion].

PMID- 4021397
TI  - [A variant of Desault's bandage].

PMID- 4021398
TI  - [An improved method of incision of carbuncles].

PMID- 4021399
TI  - [Surgical concept of infection].

PMID- 4021400
TI  - [Epidemiology and unsolved problems of prevention of suppurative septic
      infections in surgery].

PMID- 4021401
TI  - [Results of treatment of pleural empyema complicated by infection].

PMID- 4021402
TI  - [Surgical tactics in thoraco-abdominal injuries].

PMID- 4021403
TI  - [Low-frequency ultrasonics in primary surgical debridement of suppurative wounds
      of soft tissues].

PMID- 4021404
TI  - [Value of bacteriological studies in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of
      postoperative infection].

PMID- 4021405
TI  - [Use of low-frequency ultrasonics in the complex treatment of acute suppurative
      diseases of the fingers and hand].

PMID- 4021406
TI  - [Changes in the blood coagulation system in the stage of burn cachexia].

PMID- 4021407
TI  - [Difficulties in the treatment of combined burns of the esophagus and stomach].

PMID- 4021409
TI  - [Progressive necrosis of the skin].

PMID- 4021408
TI  - [Surgical treatment of acute ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract in burns].

PMID- 4021410
TI  - [Treatment of open fractures of long tubular bones].

PMID- 4021411
TI  - [Gnotobiological principles of the prevention and treatment of mechanical
      injuries of the limbs].

PMID- 4021412
TI  - [Effect of arterial and venous insufficiency on the healing of fractures of long
      tubular bones].

PMID- 4021413
TI  - [Conduction anesthesia during operations on the lower and upper limbs].

PMID- 4021414
TI  - [Characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment of peace-time thoraco-abdominal
      injuries].

PMID- 4021415
TI  - [Blood supply of the limbs in cicatricial changes in tissue after trauma].

PMID- 4021416
TI  - [Surgical tactics in gunshot foreign bodies of long duration in the lungs].

PMID- 4021417
TI  - [Intraoperative and postoperative monitoring of blood circulation in autologous
      transplantation of toes to the hand].

PMID- 4021418
TI  - [Local dynamometry in the early diagnosis of fractures of the navicular bone].

PMID- 4021419
TI  - [Cholecystectomy in patients with bradyarrhythmic disorders and continuous
      electrocardiostimulation].

PMID- 4021420
TI  - [Postoperative microstrabismus: performance accuracy in spatial depth].
AB  - Thirty-six patients with postoperative microstrabismus (24 of them without or
      with only a slight amblyopia, 12 with severe unilateral amblyopia) and three
      control groups (normal binocular, long-term monocular, and inexperienced
      monocular subjects) were tested by their ability to hit 14 vertical sticks set in
      varied positions in a rectangular board, without any time limit during the first
      test and with time limits in the second and third tests. The evaluation shows
      that all 36 patients achieved considerably better results than any of the
      monocular subjects, but did not score as highly as normal binocular persons.

PMID- 4021421
TI  - [Measurement of stereoscopic vision in 6-year-old preschool children].
AB  - Stereoacuity can be measured accurately in 6-year-old (pre-school age) children
      using a specially designed test. The values obtained, measured with stereo
      testers for long-range and close-range vision, do not differ significantly from
      those obtained in adults. Hence, it appears that the development of binocular
      vision must be terminated earlier than hitherto assumed. The limiting factor in
      stereo measurements at this age and with these methods is the degree of maturity
      of the children's mental and motor capabilities.

PMID- 4021422
TI  - [Carotenoid retinopathy. I. Morphologic and functional findings].
AB  - Thirty patients who had undergone long-term treatment with carotenoids (max. 14
      years and 336 g of carotenoids) were examined. Ophthalmoscopy revealed retinal
      crystals in 20 patients. The retinal crystals were usually located around the
      macula, forming a ring, and in one case they were even found in the macula
      itself. No deterioration of visual acuity or visual field defects were found, but
      there was a markedly dose-dependent prolongation of the duration of dark
      adaptation.

PMID- 4021423
TI  - [Differential light perception threshold of the visual field and ERG following
      operatively attached retinal detachment].
AB  - After surgical treatment of retinal detachment with a spontaneously pigmented
      demarcation line the visual fields of twelve patients were tested. The increment
      threshold of all positions (determined with the Octopus automatic perimeter
      system) was compared with the reduction in the scotopic and photopic ERG
      amplitudes (determinated with the CEMIDA system). This reduction in the ERG
      amplitudes was evaluated using the difference between the amplitude of the ERG
      waves of the eye with cured retinal detachment and of the healthy fellow eye. No
      great correlation between the two parameters was found, but it appeared that a
      reduced mean increment threshold correlated with a reduction in the a-wave
      amplitude.

PMID- 4021424
TI  - [Extraction of foreign bodies in cases with complications].
AB  - Analysis of surgical treatment of 186 patients with intraocular foreign bodies
      and concomitant complications such as cataract, opacity of the vitreous body,
      hemophthalmos, and endo-ophthalmitis. The authors employed a variety of surgical
      procedures to remove foreign bodies, with opticoconstructive operations such as
      phacoemulsification, lensectomy, and vitrectomy. Reliable data were obtained
      conforming the efficacy of these operations. A total of 178 foreign bodies were
      removed; 2 could not be extracted. Six foreign bodies were left in situ, since
      removal was contraindicated. In the majority of the patients visual acuity
      improved. The authors have developed a system of interventions for various
      combinations of intraocular changes and foreign bodies.

PMID- 4021425
TI  - [Endothelium protective effect of hyaluronic acid].
AB  - In an experimental study the endothelia of porcine corneas were exposed to
      mechanical trauma under controlled conditions. Endothelial damage was caused by a
      polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plastic sphere shaped like the optical part of an
      intraocular implant. Two power settings were investigated. At the high power
      setting an average damage of 4.63 mm2 (+/- 1.33) was observed under saline,
      whereas application of hyaluronic acid 1% reduced the endothelial cell loss to
      3.006 mm2 (+/- 0.87). At a low power setting the endothelial cell loss under
      saline was 2.18 mm2 (+/- 0.65); the average damage under hyaluronic acid was 0.55
      mm3 (+/- 0.29). The results were statistically significant. The cell protective
      effect of a viscous substance against a mechanically shearing force was thus
      demonstrated in a biomechanical model.

PMID- 4021426
TI  - [Accidental bilateral asymmetric ruby laser maculopathy].
AB  - A 19-year-old man sustained a bilateral coagulation of the macula caused
      accidentally by a ruby laser rangefinder mounted on a tank. Five days later
      vision was OD 0.7, OS 0.05; there was a distinct disk of coagulation of the
      retinal pigment epithelium with clumping of melanin granula, more in the left eye
      than in the right, and subretinal hemorrhage on the left. Visual improvement
      corresponded to the asymmetric morphologic findings: Within two months visual
      acuity in the right eye recovered to 1.0. In the left eye there was a temporary
      increase to 0.3, then permanent deterioration of vision to 0.05 OS. The macula of
      the left eye showed massive lipofuscein aggregation in the subretinal space.
      Fluorescein angiography after two months showed some hyperfluorescence, more in
      the left than in the right eye, but no fluorescein extravasation. The vision in
      the left eye is still 0.05 one year after the accident.

PMID- 4021427
TI  - [Radiotherapy treatment of malignant melanoma of the corneoscleral zone].
AB  - Report on a case of malignant melanoma of the limbus and the neighboring cornea
      and conjunctiva. Excision of the tumor was not possible because of widely
      scattered cells in the cornea and conjunctiva. After evident progression of the
      tumor was observed, with signs of inflammation and prominence, radiotherapy was
      decided on. The melanotic area was irradiated with the strontium 90 applicator,
      with altogether 65 Gy. The central tumor region in the limbus was saturated with
      altogether 105 Gy. Four years later residual pigment cells were found in the
      limbus and the neighboring cornea and conjunctiva, without any signs of
      recurrence.

PMID- 4021428
TI  - [Clinical findings following a 32-year wearing time of a Ridley artificial lens].
AB  - Clinical pathological findings 32 years after implantation of an artificial lens
      by Ridley himself are described. Changes were found in the cornea, anterior
      chamber, chamber angle, iris, retropupillary space, posterior segment and
      vitreous. The possible reasons for these complications are discussed and the
      clinical course is described.

PMID- 4021429
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and therapy of gigantopapillary conjunctivitis].
AB  - If wearers of contact lenses present with secretion and incompatibility of the
      contact lens, simple ectropionation of the upper eyelids often is sufficient to
      diagnose a giant papillary conjunctivitis as the cause. This form of papillary
      hypertrophy affecting wearers of both hard and soft contact lenses is
      morphologically similar to vernal conjunctivitis, which should be considered in
      cases of corneal ulceration resistant to therapy. The histological difference
      between the two forms of papillary hypertrophy is that contact lens-induced giant
      papillary conjunctivitis shows remarkably less eosinophilic infiltration of the
      papillary stroma. Both forms of papillary hypertrophy seem to be based on a
      complex immunologic reaction.

PMID- 4021430
TI  - [Euphorbiae keratoconjunctivitis].
AB  - This paper reports on 6 cases of keratoconjunctivitis caused by the latex of
      Euphorbiaceae, one of them with slight systemic intoxication. Phorbolesters are
      considered to be responsible for the toxicity of the latex of Euphorbiaceae,
      e.g., in the case of Euphorbia helioscopia, 12-Desoxyphorbol-13-phenylacetate-2-O
      acetate. Since all of the cases of keratoconjunctivitis Euphorbiae described
      here, as well as the majority of those cited in the literature, have resulted in
      a restitutio ad integrum, a benign course may be expected, even in cases of
      keratoconjunctivitis Euphorbiae with initially severe clinical pictures.

PMID- 4021431
TI  - [Oculo-oscillodynamography, a new procedure for the determination of ophthalmic
      artery blood pressure and ocular pulse curve analysis].
AB  - OODG is a diagnostic method permitting assessment of ocular pulse curves and
      objective determination of blood pressures in the ophthalmic circulatory system
      (retinal and ciliary arterial blood pressures) simultaneously for both eyes,
      without dilatation of the pupils. Calibrated scleral suction cups pneumatically
      connected to a sensitive transducer are used to provide well reproducible ocular
      pulse recordings. The systolic retinal and ciliary arterial blood pressures and
      the diastolic ocular blood pressure are determined at artificially elevated IOPs
      from typical changes in the ocular pulse curves.

PMID- 4021432
TI  - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy and function test with 99mTc-N-pyridoxyl-5
      methyltryptophan (99mTC-PMT).

PMID- 4021433
TI  - Hemoglobin A1 and hemoglobin A1c in elderly diabetics.

PMID- 4021434
TI  - Ferrets in biomedical research.

PMID- 4021435
TI  - A comparative study of the tapetum, retina and skull of the ferret, dog and cat.
AB  - Results of this investigation indicate that the ferret (Mustela putorius) closely
      resembles the dog (Canis familiaris) and should be a useful research animal
      alternative. The tapetum lucidum is a common structure present in the eyes of
      dogs, cats (Felis catus) and other nocturnal animals. Our study showed that this
      structure was present in ferret eyes. The color or reflection of the ferret and
      dog tapetum was remarkably reduced by the general fixation with glutaraldehyde.
      However, this color fading phenomenon was not observed in the cat tapetum. These
      observations led to this comparative study on several morphological,
      histochemical and biochemical parameters on mature ferrets, dogs and cats
      including: (1) the number of center tapetum cell layers, (2) thickness of center
      tapetum, (3) presence of a microtubule-like structure in each tapetal rod, (4)
      presence of electron-dense cores in tapetal rods after prolonged fixation in
      glutaraldehyde, (5) retention of reflection or color of tapetum after prolonged
      glutaraldehyde fixation, (6) zygomatic bones of eye orbits, (7) zinc content in
      tapetum, (8) cysteine in the tapetum, (9) cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase in
      liver, (10) thickness of retina from center tapetum, (11) anterior view of skull
      configuration, and (12) lateral view of skull configuration (jaw and teeth).
      Among these 12 parameters, ferret and dog were similar in the first nine points;
      ferret and cat were similar to each other only in the last two points. There was
      no difference in retinal thickness among these three animals.

PMID- 4021436
TI  - Measles virus encephalitis in ferrets as a model for subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis.
AB  - Young adult ferrets were used as experimental animals to study subacute
      sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). When cells infected with cell-associated
      measles virus strains isolated from SSPE patients were inoculated intracerebrally
      (i.c.) into ferrets, they developed an acute encephalitis and died within 1 to 3
      weeks without detectable antibody formation. Immunization with live measles
      vaccine 5 weeks before i.c. inoculation changed the course of the infection in
      about 50% of the ferrets. These animals developed a subacute encephalitis within
      weeks or months after inoculation. Cell-associated measles virus was isolated
      from their brains and high measles antibody titers were found in their sera,
      comparable to those in sera of SSPE patients. Measles virus specific
      immunoglobulins (IgG) were present in their brains and determination of
      IgG/albumin ratios indicated that antibodies were synthesized in the brain in
      response to the persistent measles virus infection. Measles specific oligoclonal
      IgG bands were found in the sera and spinal fluids of these animals. Therefore,
      subacute ferret encephalitis has virological and immunological characteristics in
      common with SSPE, indicating that it may serve as a model for the human disease.
      Other animal models of SSPE are described briefly.

PMID- 4021437
TI  - The ferret as a model for inner ear research.
AB  - Viral infections have long been suspected to be causative agents in a number of
      inner ear dysfunctions. With few exceptions, the virus has not been demonstrated
      as the direct agent leading to hearing loss and/or vertigo. Selective inner ear
      changes have been observed recently in sensory and nonsensory epithelial cells in
      the ferret model for Reye's syndrome after intranasal inoculation with influenza
      B combined with aspirin administration and the creation of an arginine
      deficiency. Such findings suggest that these agents act synergistically on the
      inner ear, particularly on cells that are metabolically active, and that the
      ferret may now be a useful model to examine the role of certain upper respiratory
      tract viruses implicated in inner ear disorders, singly and in combination with
      other agents that may cause metabolic alterations.

PMID- 4021438
TI  - Pulmonary physiology of the ferret and its potential as a model for inhalation
      toxicology.
AB  - Physiological measurements were made from anesthetized, tracheotomized, supine
      male ferrets. Six animals weighing 576 +/- 12 g, had tidal volumes (Vt) of 6.06
      +/- 0.30 ml, respiratory frequencies (f) of 26.7 +/- 3.9 min(-1), dynamic lung
      compliance (CDYN) of 2.48 +/- 0.21 ml cmH2O(-1), pulmonary resistance (RL) of
      22.56 +/- 1.61 cmH2O L(-1) sec. Pressure-volume curves from nine ferrets
      (including the above six) revealed almost infinitely compliant chest walls so
      that lung and total respiratory system curves were essentially the same. Total
      lung capacity (TLC) (89 +/- 5 ml) and functional residual capacity (FRC) (17.8 +/
      2.0 ml) were determined by gas freeing the lungs in vivo. The TLC of these
      ferrets was about the same as in 2.5 kg rabbits. Maximum expiratory flow-volume
      curves showed peak flows of 10.1 vital capacities (VC) sec(-1) at 75% VC and
      flows of 8.4 and 5.4 VC sec(-1) at 50% and 25% VC. No particular problems were
      encountered in making these measurements using conventional techniques available
      in laboratories capable of making pulmonary function measurements on rats and
      guinea pigs. Preliminary studies of airways reactivity showed equal increases in
      pulmonary resistance in response to equivalent challenges of aerosolized
      carbachol and histamine. Light and electron microscopic studies showed that the
      airways of ferrets are even more like those of humans than are the dog's. The
      ease with which physiological measurements can be made and the favorable aspects
      of the lung anatomy indicate the ferret may be more useful, as well as less
      expensive, than the dog for use in studies of pulmonary physiology and inhalation
      toxicology.

PMID- 4021439
TI  - Evaluation of ketamine, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam anesthesia in the
      ferret.
AB  - Ketamine, ketamine-xylazine, and ketamine-diazepam were evaluated clinically in
      15 ferrets, and safe dosage was determined for each. All of the three regimens
      provided excellent immobilization. However, muscle rigidity and incomplete
      analgesia were noted in ketamine alone and in ketamine-diazepam respectively. It
      was concluded that 25 mg/kg ketamine and 2 mg/kg xylazine intramuscularly
      provided acceptable analgesia, muscle relaxation, duration and smooth recovery,
      although cardiac arrhythmias were a concern and require careful observation.

PMID- 4021440
TI  - Adrenalectomy in the ferret.
AB  - A simple adrenalectomy technique is presented for the ferret (Mustela putorius
      furo). The adrenal glands were removed in two operations with an interim recovery
      period of approximately 1 week. The right adrenal should be removed first, as the
      surgery is complicated on that side by fascia which binds the adrenal to the
      inferior vena cava. Salt solution (1% NaCl) in place of water will maintain
      sodium balance.

PMID- 4021441
TI  - Restraint device for serial blood sampling of ferrets.
AB  - A device was designed that effectively restrained unanesthetized ferrets for
      serial blood sampling from the caudal artery. Materials used for construction
      were inexpensive and easily obtained. Fabrication was simple and rapid.

PMID- 4021442
TI  - Immunopathology of type I diabetes mellitus: an evolving concept.

PMID- 4021443
TI  - Morphologic and functional evidence for oxygen deficiency in the isolated
      perfused rat kidney.
AB  - Morphologic and functional studies were undertaken in the isolated rat kidney,
      perfused with an albumin-Krebs-Henseleit solution, to which 5% human erythrocytes
      and/or various amino acids had been added. Perfused only with the albumin-Krebs
      Henseleit solution, the kidneys displayed a characteristic pattern of cell
      necrosis after 2 hours of perfusion, which was confined to the interbundle region
      of the outer medulla and was not evident in either the cortex or the inner
      medulla. In the outer stripe only those proximal straight tubules (P3 segments)
      farthest from the vascular bundles were damaged. In the inner stripe only those
      thick ascending loops of Henle at the periphery of the vascular bundles escaped
      damage; all thick ascending loops of Henle lying farthest from the bundles were
      severely damaged. The number of damaged tubules increased toward the border to
      the inner medulla. Necroses in both segments, P3 and thick ascending loops of
      Henle, could be prevented by perfusion with the erythrocyte-albumin-Krebs
      Henseleit solution but not by the addition of glutathione, in the absence of
      erythrocytes. Perfusion with the erythrocyte medium also significantly improved
      glomerular filtration rate and sodium and glucose reabsorption. It is concluded
      that, in the isolated, erythrocyte-free perfused kidney, the oxygen content of
      the "arterial" vasa recta in the vascular bundles is only sufficient to supply
      the tubules in the immediate surroundings. Countercurrent exchange in the
      vascular bundles between arterial and "venous" vasa recta progressively lowers
      the arterial oxygen content as the inner stripe of the outer medulla is
      approached and with it the number of tubules receiving an adequate oxygen supply.

PMID- 4021445
TI  - Behavior of transplanted large granular lymphocyte leukemia in Fischer 344 rats.
AB  - The behavior of transplanted large granular lymphocyte leukemia was studied by
      isogeneic inoculation of 55 young F344 rats. A high percentage of transplants
      were successful, showing a dose-dependent latent phase followed by weight loss,
      exponential increase of tumor cells, and widespread infiltration. Serial passage
      of tumor cells appeared to increase malignancy by decreasing longevity. Grossly,
      there was splenomegaly, variable lymphadenopathy, and petechial hemorrhages on
      the lungs, lymph nodes, and brain. Diffuse infiltration of tumor cells caused
      morphologic changes identical with spontaneous large granular lymphocyte leukemia
      including splenic lymphoid depletion, hepatocellular necrosis, tumor cell
      erythrophagocytosis, and femoral medullary endosteal bone proliferation.
      Clinicopathologic features were also similar to spontaneous large granular
      lymphocyte leukemia. There was immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and
      thrombocytopenia, which coincided with development of leukemia, as well as
      hyperbilirubinemia and elevated serum enzymes, indicative of liver disease. It
      was concluded that isogeneic transplantation of large granular lymphocyte
      leukemia is not only highly successful but reproduces the pattern and clinical
      syndrome of the spontaneous tumor including the important paraneoplastic syndrome
      of hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 4021444
TI  - Procoagulant activity in glomeruli and urine of rabbits with nephrotoxic
      nephritis.
AB  - A telescoped model of nephrotoxic nephritis in the rabbit, using guinea pig
      antiglomerular basement membrane IgG in rabbits preimmunized with guinea pig IgG,
      reproducibly induced crescentic nephritis. Procoagulant activity (PCA) was
      measured in sieve-isolated glomeruli that had been either sonicated or cultured
      for 48 hours. In both sonicated and cultured glomeruli PCA peaked on days 5 and
      6. The time course for appearance of PCA corresponded precisely with the
      appearance of proteinaceous material containing fibrin in Bowman's space as
      measured by a light microscopic histologic scoring system and confirmed by
      immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Glomerular PCA returned to baseline
      by days 9 and 10 in spite of progression of glomerular injury. PCA also appeared
      in urine. Urine PCA peaked on day 8 and persisted through day 12 when glomerular
      PCA had returned to baseline. Glomerular and urine PCA were characterized using
      human coagulation factor-deficient plasmas and antithromboplastin IgG. Both
      glomerular PCA and urine PCA were inhibited by antithromboplastin IgG, showing
      that thromboplastin (tissue factor) contributed to PCA. The PCA in glomerular
      sonicates was dependent on factor X, but independent of factor VII or Hageman
      factor, suggesting that factor VII was present. Following glomerular culture for
      48 hours the PCA had changed and in some cases was dependent on Hageman factor,
      factor IX, and factor VII for full PCA expression. Urine PCA was uniformly
      Hageman factor dependent and sometimes independent of factors VII and X. No
      active thrombin was present. The forms of glomerular and urine PCA were,
      therefore, complex. They seemed to be primarily driven by thromboplastin but also
      appeared to require the presence of the intrinsic coagulation pathway for full
      expression of PCA.

PMID- 4021446
TI  - Secondary structure of endocrine amyloid: infrared spectroscopy of medullary
      carcinoma of the thyroid.
AB  - Infrared spectroscopic characteristics of deparaffinized tissue sections of the
      amyloid produced by medullary carcinoma of the thyroid confirm the presence of
      both beta-sheet and disordered conformations within the deposits. No evidence for
      alpha-helical structures is found. Amyloid produced by medullary carcinoma of the
      thyroid thus possesses secondary structural characteristics similar to amyloid of
      immunoglobulin origin. Infrared spectra were obtained directly from
      deparaffinized tissue sections, assuring that the chemical structure of amyloid
      in the recorded spectrum corresponds to that seen microscopically. This structure
      may or may not correspond to that in vivo, since fixation and dehydration may
      alter protein secondary structure.

PMID- 4021447
TI  - Activity and affect among the aged.

PMID- 4021448
TI  - Precursors of spatial ability: a longitudinal study among the Logoli of Kenya.

PMID- 4021450
TI  - Encoding of new versus old information by autistic children.
AB  - Research and literature on communication problems of autistic individuals have
      identified specific pragmatic deficiencies. This preliminary study focused upon
      describing autistic children's verbal performance in regard to the pragmatic
      ability of encoding new versus old information. Four autistic children with MLUs
      of 1.96-2.82 were videotaped on two occasions in interactions with their teachers
      or speech-language pathologists. All of the subjects' referential utterances,
      including referential echolalic utterances, were categorized as the encoding of
      new or old information. Two prominent means that speakers used for encoding new
      versus old information were examined: the encoding of new information through
      single-word utterances (i.e., a lexicalization strategy) and the use of
      contrastive stress to highlight new information in multiword utterances. The
      results revealed that the 4 subjects did encode new information through
      lexicalization in single-word utterances and through contrastive stress in
      multiword utterances. However, the subjects encoded old information almost as
      frequently as they encoded new information. The encoding of a new action or state
      change was marked relatively infrequently by the subjects, and they consistently
      produced repetitions of previously encoded information when they failed to offer
      new information to their listeners. The results are discussed in reference to
      cognitive processing patterns of autistic individuals.

PMID- 4021449
TI  - Israeli parents' role in emergencies.

PMID- 4021451
TI  - Relative translucency of ASL signs representing three semantic classes.
AB  - One variable that has been shown to facilitate sign learning is the perceived
      translucency between a sign and its gloss. Unfortunately, there is limited
      information regarding which signs or what types of signs are translucent for
      young children. The current investigation is an attempt to determine whether
      children and adults perceive different amounts of translucency in signs drawn
      from early sign teaching lexicons and representing three different semantic
      classes. Results indicate that 4- and 7-year-old children and adults perceive
      signs that represent action to be more translucent than signs representing
      nomination and signs that represent nomination to be more translucent than signs
      representing attribution.

PMID- 4021452
TI  - Using the miniature linguistic system in teaching syntax: two case studies.
AB  - Two language-delayed children received comprehension instruction on preposition
      object phrases using a miniature linguistic system format to structure
      generalization. Results indicated generalization not only to untreated two-word
      combinations, but also to comprehension of four-word phrases. In addition, there
      was some generalization of production of two- and four-word structures.

PMID- 4021453
TI  - Speech production and oral motor skill in an adult with an unrepaired palatal
      cleft.
AB  - The aim of this study was to identify maneuvers and strategies that enabled an
      adult speaker to produce "pressure" consonants intelligibly despite an open cleft
      of the palate. Dynamic palatometry indicated that this was achieved in part by
      increasing linguapalatal contact in stop sound production and narrowing the
      linguapalatal groove in sibilant sound production. These adaptations apparently
      enabled the talker to compensate for reduced air supply in a manner similar to
      that identified previously in responses of subjects with esophageal speech. Oral
      motor skill was examined in a nonspeech task that involved tongue tip placement
      at six points along the palate with and without visual feedback. This revealed
      precise control of the tongue even in the region of the cleft. Less accurate
      tongue placement skills were found in the central palatal region despite
      intactness of the palate. This supports the hypothesis that phonetic inventories
      of human languages are shaped by oral motor capabilities.

PMID- 4021454
TI  - Measurement and modification of speech naturalness during stuttering therapy.
AB  - This paper describes two studies that illustrate the utility of listener ratings
      of speech naturalness for measuring and modifying speech naturalness during a
      stuttering therapy program. The program involved 5 adolescent stutterers who were
      receiving an intensive treatment incorporating a prolonged speech procedure. In
      Study A, a clinician used a 9-point rating scale to score the speech naturalness
      of 1-min speaking samples each stutterer made at intervals over the course of the
      program. The results demonstrated predictable trends in speech naturalness during
      the program, but they also showed that natural sounding speech is not a
      predictable outcome of a procedure that removes stuttering, controls speaking
      rate, and exposes clients to transfer procedures. In Study B, 3 of the 5
      stutterers participated in single subject experiments partway through their
      therapy program. These experiments were designed to assess the effect of regular
      feedback of speech naturalness ratings on the stutterer's spontaneous speech. The
      results showed that each subject's speech naturalness ratings could be modified
      toward a target level of speech naturalness.

PMID- 4021455
TI  - On the subject of subjects: suggestions for describing subjects in language
      intervention studies.
AB  - Recent child language intervention literature was analyzed to determine the
      content and consistency of subject descriptions. The amount and type of
      descriptive information varied widely both within and among journals. In view of
      the potential importance of such descriptions and the apparent lack of standards
      for acceptability, suggestions were developed and forwarded as a working model
      for describing language-handicapped children in intervention studies.

PMID- 4021456
TI  - Esophageal insufflation testing in nonlaryngectomized adults.

PMID- 4021457
TI  - Questioning the value of large N, multivariate studies.

PMID- 4021458
TI  - "No news is bad news".

PMID- 4021459
TI  - Role of iconicity in sign acquisition.

PMID- 4021460
TI  - Response to "Contemporary accounts of the cognition/language relationship".

PMID- 4021461
TI  - Effects of breathing high concentrations of oxygen on PWC170.

PMID- 4021462
TI  - Prediction of VO2max from the running performance in children aged 10-17 years.

PMID- 4021463
TI  - Pituitary and gonadal secretory variations and control mechanism during physical
      exercise.

PMID- 4021464
TI  - Body composition of successful Nigerian female athletes.

PMID- 4021465
TI  - Effects of feet cooling on pain, thermal sensation and cardiovascular responses.

PMID- 4021466
TI  - Some limitations of exercise testing.

PMID- 4021467
TI  - Cardiac size and distance running performance.

PMID- 4021468
TI  - Interval training: the effects of a 12-week programme on elite, pre-pubertal male
      soccer players.

PMID- 4021469
TI  - Cardiorespiratory responses to "aerobic dance".

PMID- 4021470
TI  - Sleep disruption following a marathon.

PMID- 4021472
TI  - Muramyl dipeptide and polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro.
AB  - Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is an immunostimulatory agent that has been shown
      repeatedly to provide protection against the effects of some forms of
      experimental surgical infection. The mechanisms of this protection are
      incompletely understood, and in order to further define them, the impact of MDP
      upon in vitro polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte chemotaxis was examined in the
      presence of both normal and opsonic depleted serum. We have also evaluated the
      effect of MDP as a chemoattractant itself and the response of neutrophils along
      with MDP to a standard chemoattractant, n-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenyl
      alanine (FMLP), using the agarose assay for chemotaxis. MDP has weak but
      significant chemotactic activity itself, with a peak effect at a concentration of
      5 X 10(-8) micrograms/ml for neutrophils. These effects are enhanced by the
      addition of 10% serum. MDP more strongly enhances neutrophil chemotaxis to FMLP.
      The enhancement of chemotaxis may be a factor in the protection that MDP exerts
      against some experimental bacterial challenges.

PMID- 4021471
TI  - Myocardial oxygen consumption with isoproterenol versus calcium chloride in
      hypocalcemic ventricular failure in dogs.
AB  - In 30 dogs on right heart bypass we compared the effects of isoproterenol with
      those of calcium chloride on myocardial oxygen consumption and on left
      ventricular function in the setting of ventricular depression produced by ionized
      hypocalcemia. In 22 dogs (Groups A and B) either isoproterenol or calcium
      chloride was infused, left ventricular function curves were generated, and end
      diastolic pressure vs segment length plots were obtained. In 8 dogs (Group C),
      with initial hypocalcemia, both isoproterenol and calcium chloride were infused
      separately in random order to produce an equal decrease in left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure at constant mean aortic pressure, heart rate, and cardiac
      output. Myocardial oxygen consumption and indices of left ventricular function
      were obtained. In Groups A and B, both drugs, when administered to the ventricle
      depressed by hypocalcemia, displaced left ventricular function curves upward and
      to the left. Left ventricular stroke work at constant left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure increased (from 13.0 +/- 1.3 to 31.2 +/- 2.3 g X m for
      isoproterenol; from 13.9 +/- 2.5 to 32.5 +/- 2.5 g X m for calcium chloride). In
      Group C, there were no significant differences between left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure, end-diastolic internal diameter, myocardial oxygen
      consumption, or peak left ventricular dP/dt in the hypocalcemic periods preceding
      isoproterenol and calcium chloride infusion. When the two drugs caused matched
      decreases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (-7.4 +/- 0.5 cm H2O for
      isoproterenol; -7.3 +/- 0.8 cm H2O for calcium chloride) there were similar
      decreases in end-diastolic internal diameter. However, isoproterenol was
      associated with a significantly greater (P less than 0.001) myocardial oxygen
      consumption (13.7 +/- 0.4 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1) than calcium chloride infusion
      (11.9 +/- 0.4 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1), as well as a greater peak left ventricular
      dP/dt (P less than 0.005).

PMID- 4021473
TI  - Functional and histologic changes in vein grafts exposed to crystalloid potassium
      cardioplegic solution.
AB  - A canine external jugular vein to iliac artery interposition model was devised to
      evaluate the potential deleterious effects of cold potassium cardioplegic
      solution exposure to saphenous vein grafts during aortocoronary bypass
      procedures. The right jugular vein was harvested from 11 animals and halved, one
      segment being perfused with 1 liter of normal saline solution (NS) at 4 degrees C
      over a period of 31.7 +/- 2.5 min at a perfusion pressure of 50.5 +/- 2.6 mm Hg,
      and the other segment perfused with 1 liter of crystalloid potassium cardioplegic
      solution (CP) at 4 degrees C over a period of 24.8 +/- 3.2 min at a perfusion
      pressure of 53.0 +/- 1.5 mm Hg. The measured differences in the perfusion times
      and pressures were not significant at P less than 0.05. The grafts were then
      interposed into the iliac artery systems of their respective animals, and
      transgraft pressure gradients were measured by direct needle puncture technique
      and found to be 12.6 +/- 5.9 mm Hg for the CP-treated grafts and 19.9 +/- 9.6 mm
      Hg for the NS-treated grafts. At the time of graft harvest 7.4 +/- 0.23 months
      later transgraft pressure gradients were again measured and found to be 2.5 +/-
      1.8 mm Hg for the CP-treated and 2.9 +/- 1.7 mm Hg for the NS-treated
      grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4021474
TI  - Prevention of suppressed cell-mediated immunity in burned mice with histamine-2
      receptor antagonist drugs.
AB  - Thermal injury has been shown to suppress many aspects of both specific and
      nonspecific immune responses. We investigated the effect of two histamine H-2
      antagonist drugs on cell-mediated immunity in burned mice, utilizing a method of
      quantitating the degree of contact sensitivity elicited to the antigen. 2,4
      dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Following sensitization by painting the abdomen with
      DNFB, animals were challenged 5 days later by painting the ears; subsequent ear
      swelling is a sensitive and reproducible measure of cell-mediated immunity. We
      have previously demonstrated that burned mice are maximally immunosuppressed 10
      to 14 days following burn injury. In the present study we found that daily
      intraperitoneal administration of appropriate doses of the H-2 antagonists
      cimetidine (2 and 10 mg/kg/day) and ranitidine (2 and 10 mg/kg/day) resulted in
      maintenance of normal cell-mediated immunity in burned animals. Neither a lower
      dose of ranitidine (0.2 mg/kg/day) nor higher doses of cimetidine (20 and 50
      mg/kg/day) restored immunity, and diphenhydramine, an H-1 antagonist, had no
      effect. There was no augmentation of contact sensitivity in unburned mice treated
      with cimetidine. The immunorestorative effect is probably secondary to antagonism
      of histamine H-2 receptors on suppressor T lymphocytes, and may reflect increased
      suppressor cell activity in burned mice; however, other mechanisms may be
      involved.

PMID- 4021475
TI  - Liposome uptake by melanoma: in vitro comparison with hepatocytes.
AB  - Liposomes are artificially generated vesicles entrapping aqueous solutions within
      lipid bilayer membranes. A major potential use of liposomes is for the delivery
      of antineoplastic agents to malignant tissue. However, liposome-cell interactions
      with both normal and neoplastic cells must be characterized in vitro to identify
      neoplastic tissues for which this approach may be most applicable in vivo. In
      this study, mouse melanoma-liposome interactions were examined in vitro. Small,
      unilamellar vesicle liposomes of three different phospholipid-cholesterol
      compositions were synthesized incorporating an aqueous phase fluorescent marker.
      Mouse melanoma had a significantly greater affinity for phosphotidylcholine
      cholesterol liposomes than did mouse hepatocytes, as determined by comparing
      quantities of free intracellular 6-carboxyfluorescein in cells after a 15-min
      incubation with each of the three different liposome preparations (P less than
      0.001). In addition, the efficiency of liposome internalization, calculated as
      the percentage of total cell-associated 6-carboxyfluorescein present as free,
      intracellular 6-carboxyfluorescein, was significantly greater for melanoma than
      for hepatocytes with all three liposome preparations (P less than 0.05).
      Therefore, in vitro liposome uptake by melanoma depends on lipid characteristics
      of the liposome preparation. Because melanoma uptake of liposomes appears to be a
      very efficient process in vitro, liposomes may be a useful vesicle for delivery
      of antineoplastic agents to melanoma in vivo.

PMID- 4021476
TI  - Effect of coronary artery occlusion on myocardial protection by retroperfusion of
      cardioplegic solutions.
AB  - Coronary artery stenoses impede delivery of cardioplegic solutions infused
      through the aortic root. Therefore, the efficacy of retroperfusion of
      cardioplegic solution through the coronary sinus was assessed in dogs subjected
      to cold, potassium cardioplegic arrest. Group I (N = 15) had the left anterior
      descending (LAD) coronary artery occluded throughout ischemia while Group II (N =
      15) had a patent LAD. Transmural biopsies of both the left ventricular (LV) apex
      and right ventricle (RV) were assayed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and
      creatine phosphate (CP). Regional wall temperatures were sequentially monitored.
      The time from aortic cross-clamping to electrical arrest varied widely, but the
      mean arrest time of each group was similar (174 +/- 22 vs 175 +/- 28 sec).
      (table; see text) Comparable depletion of ATP stores (vs preischemia) occurred in
      each ventricle regardless of coronary artery patency. Similarly, CP stores were
      depleted 60-72% (P less than 0.01) during ischemia. Mean temperatures during
      arrest of the RV and LV (17.2-19.5 degrees C) did not differ and were not
      affected by LAD occlusion. Coronary venous resistance remained constant with
      repetitive infusions. These data suggest that myocardial protection with coronary
      sinus retroperfusion is independent of arterial patency, but is suboptimal,
      perhaps due to the prolonged time needed to induce ventricular arrest.

PMID- 4021477
TI  - Specific binding of oestradiol to guinea-pig prostate cytosol and nuclear
      fractions.
AB  - A high affinity (Kd approximately 0.15 nM), saturable oestradiol binding site,
      which is specific for natural and synthetic oestrogens has been identified in
      guinea-pig prostate cytosol fractions. The binding site is protein in nature
      (heat- and protease-sensitive) and has a sedimentation coefficient of approx. 8S
      on glycerol gradients. A high affinity (Kd approximately 0.16 nM), saturable
      oestradiol binding site was also identified in salt-extracted (0.5 M KC1) nuclear
      fractions. The optimum incubation conditions for measuring the cytosolic and
      nuclear oestradiol binding sites were determined to be 20 h at 4 degrees C.
      Saturation analysis studies revealed that following oestrogen treatment of intact
      animals, approx. 80% of the specific oestradiol binding sites in prostatic
      cytosol fractions were transferred into the nucleus. The presence of a specific
      oestradiol binding protein with characteristics of an oestrogen receptor in the
      guinea-pig prostate, is consistent with oestrogen having biological activity in
      this tissue. In view of the abundance of stroma in the prostate of this species,
      and the consistent finding that the stroma of male accessory sex tissues is
      oestrogen sensitive, the guinea-pig may be an appropriate experimental animal for
      further investigating the role of oestrogen in the growth and development of the
      prostate.

PMID- 4021478
TI  - Interaction of chick oviduct progesterone receptor with immobilized
      aurintricarboxylic acid.
AB  - Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) was immobilized on Sepharose 4B via a carbodiimide
      coupling mechanism. A majority of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor was
      retained on the affinity resin and could be recovered upon washing the column
      with buffer containing free ligand or 3 M guanidine-HCl. The [3H]progesterone
      receptor complex retained its integrity following the chromatography on ATA
      Sepharose as judged by sedimentation analysis. The procedure allowed significant
      purification of progesterone receptor: SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      the purified preparation revealed elimination of many peptide bands present in
      the cytosol prior to ATA-Sepharose chromatography. The technique thus has a clear
      potential in characterization and purification of progesterone receptor.

PMID- 4021479
TI  - Oxygen dependence of oestrogen production by human placental microsomes and
      cultured choriocarcinoma cells.
AB  - The oxygen dependence of oestrogen (oestrone and 17 beta-oestradiol) formation
      from androstenedione and testosterone was studied in term human placental
      microsomes and in cultured human choriocarcinoma cells (BeWo line). Incubations
      were performed under various steady-state oxygen concentrations and the
      production of oestrone and 17 beta-oestradiol quantitated by specific
      radioimmunoassays. The aromatization of C19-steroids by both placental microsomes
      and choriocarcinoma cells was shown to be oxygen dependent over a wide range of
      O2 concentrations. The results indicate that placental oxygenation may be a
      critical factor in determining oestrogen production in vivo. Therefore, impaired
      oestrogen biosynthesis due to hypoxia could be an important factor in a variety
      of physiological and pathological conditions.

PMID- 4021480
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoids on the turnover rate of actin and myosin heavy and
      light chains on different types of skeletal muscle fibres.
AB  - The catabolic action of glucocorticoids on the molecular level of the two main
      muscular proteins, myosin and actin, was found to depend on the type of muscle
      fibres. The synthesis rate of actin and myosin heavy chain was decreased in all
      types of muscle fibres, and in myosin light chain only in the slow-twitch red
      fibres. The turnover rate of actin and myosin heavy chain was also found
      decreased in all types of muscle fibres. The myosin light chains turned over more
      rapidly in dexamethasone-treated than in the control rats in all types of muscle
      fibres except in the case of the slow-twitch red ones as was shown by single and
      double isotope methods. Dexamethasone treatment enhanced the urinary 3
      methylhistidine excretion in rats by 60%.

PMID- 4021481
TI  - Intestinal absorption of oestrone, oestrone glucuronide and oestrone sulphate in
      the rat in situ--I. Importance of hydrolytic enzymes on conjugate absorption.
AB  - The biliary excretion of steroid after administration of [3H]oestrone ([3H]E1),
      [3H]oestrone glucuronide ([3H]E1G) and [3H]oestrone sulphate ([3H]E1S) into the
      hepatic portal vein of anaesthetized rats was very rapid with more than 70% of
      E1S and greater than 80% of E1 and E1G excreted in the first 30 min. There was a
      lag period in the biliary excretion of E1S, this was less apparent with E1 and
      absent with E1G. Biliary excretion accurately reflects the amount of steroid in
      the portal circulation and was therefore used as an assessment of absorption from
      the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Absorption (as judged by excretion in bile) was
      least after administration of each steroid into the stomach. The extent of
      absorption correlated well with the lipophilicity of the steroids as shown by
      their relative partition coefficients between n-octanol and pH 6.5 phosphate
      buffered saline (E1 greater than or equal to E1S greater than or equal to E1G).
      There was no significant difference in excretion profile when the steroids were
      given into the caecum (at 5 h, E1, 46.3 +/- 9.1%; E1G, 42.2 +/- 14.5%; E1S, 39.9
      +/- 7.1%). The similarity, despite marked differences in physicochemical
      properties, suggested conjugate hydrolysis to the parent steroid. In contrast,
      after administration into the small intestine, excretion of E1 was very rapid and
      was maximal at 1 h (72.5 +/- 8.0%); E1G showed a near-linear excretion rate (1 h,
      14.4 +/- 3.0%; 5 h, 80.0 +/- 11.7%), whereas in comparison E1S excretion was low
      (1 h, 12.1 +/- 2.4%; 5 h, 36.9 +/- 2.7%). The involvement of hydrolytic enzymes
      in conjugate absorption was assessed. Ampicillin pretreatment (200 mg/kg/day for
      2 days) reduced the absorption of E1G from both the proximal and distal small
      intestine (by approximately 50%) but had no effect on the absorption of E1S.
      There was, therefore, evidence that quantitative absorption of E1G requires prior
      hydrolysis (by mammalian and/or microbial enzymes) but intact absorption of E1S
      from this region of the tract was implicated. Ampicillin pretreatment reduced the
      absorption of both conjugates (greater with E1S) from the caecum; hydrolysis
      clearly precedes absorption from the caecum. The above findings were supported by
      an in vitro study which showed that ampicillin pretreatment abolished the
      hydrolysis of E1S by caecal contents but only partially reduced the hydrolysis of
      E1G. The presence of mammalian glucuronidase enzyme may account for this
      difference.

PMID- 4021482
TI  - Pituitary progesterone 5 alpha-reductase: solubilization and partial
      characterization.
AB  - The microsomal progesterone 5 alpha-reductase activity from female rat anterior
      pituitary has been solubilized and partially characterized with regard to some of
      its kinetic and physical properties. The solubilization of progesterone 5 alpha
      reductase has been achieved through the use of either an n-octyl glucoside (OG)
      KCl- or a digitonin-KCl-extraction. The total yield and specific activity of
      solubilized enzyme activity is greater using the OG-KCl method. Kinetic analyses
      of microsomal and OG-KCl-solubilized progesterone 5 alpha-reductase have
      indicated that both of these preparations exhibit a similar apparent Km for
      progesterone (microsomal Km = 117 +/- 12 nM; solubilized Km = 123 +/- 11 nM),
      suggesting that the solubilization procedure does not appreciably alter the
      kinetic behavior of this enzyme activity. The OG-KCl-extracted progesterone 5
      alpha-reductase activity also appears quite stable, since essentially no enzyme
      activity is lost following dialysis at 4 degrees C for 22 h. In addition, the
      activity of the solubilized-dialyzed enzyme preparation can be slightly
      stimulated via the addition of phospholipids. Studies on the properties of the
      microsomal enzyme activity have indicated that this preparation is unaffected by
      metal chelators (EDTA or EGTA) but can be completely inhibited by the powerful
      sulfhydryl blocking agent p-chloromercuribenzoic acid. An evaluation of the
      possible role of flavins (as a hydride carrier between NADPH and the steroid) has
      shown that progesterone 5 alpha-reduction is inhibited by high levels of flavins
      and flavin analogs.

PMID- 4021483
TI  - Postnatal development of cholesterol ester hydrolase activity in the rat adrenal.
AB  - In certain circumstances the activity of cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH)
      activity is believed to be rate-limiting for corticosterone production by the
      adrenal. The principal aim of the current study was to determine whether the
      activity of CEH displays a developmental increase in the infant rat which could,
      in part, account for the marked increase in serum corticosterone which begins at
      the end of the second postnatal week. The data show that the specific activity of
      CEH (units/mg cytosolic protein) during development is actually a mirror image of
      the pattern seen for serum corticosterone, i.e. CEH activities are high when
      serum corticosterone concentrations are low and then fall when serum
      corticosterone is rising. Even when total activities of CEH in the adrenal were
      calculated, there was no increase in parallel with the initial rise of serum
      corticosterone. At each age studied, stressed pups displayed significant
      increases of serum corticosterone; however, their CEH activities were no
      different from those in the non-stressed littermates. It is concluded that the
      activity of CEH is not the rate-determining factor for the developmental surge of
      basal concentrations of serum corticosterone nor for stress-induced elevation of
      corticosterone during the developmental period. A second aim of the current study
      was to address the more general question of whether steroidogenesis in the
      developing adrenal is limited by substrate supply. Measurement of the cholesterol
      content of adrenal mitochondria showed no ontogenic increase, suggesting that
      substrate supply, from any source, is not rate-limiting for steroidogenesis at
      these ages.

PMID- 4021484
TI  - The side-chain cleavage of cholesterol sulfate--I. The effect of adrenodoxin on
      the binding of cholesterol sulfate to cytochrome P-450scc.
AB  - Difference spectroscopy was used to measure the binding of cholesterol sulfate
      (CS) to cytochrome P-450scc. The uncomplexed cytochrome and the complex of the
      cytochrome with adrenodoxin (ADX) were both titrated with CS in order to test
      whether ADX increased the affinity of the cytochrome for the sterol sulfate. The
      addition of ADX to the cytochrome had different effects on the binding of the
      sterol sulfate depending on several factors including: (1) The method of
      preparation of the cytochrome P-450scc, (2) The concentration of cytochrome P
      450scc, (3) The method by which CS was suspended in aqueous solution, and (4)
      Whether or not the solutions of cytochrome contained non-ionic detergents. The
      results of this study suggest that the method of isolation of cytochrome P
      450scc, and non-ionic detergents, greatly modulate the apparent affinity of
      cytochrome P-450scc for CS. In the absence of detergents the addition of
      adrenodoxin to dilute solutions of cytochrome P-450scc appears to enhance only
      slightly (1- to 2-fold) the affinity of the cytochrome for the sterol sulfate.

PMID- 4021485
TI  - Metabolism of unsaturated bile acids and androstanes by human faecal bacteria.
AB  - The metabolism of unsaturated bile acids and androstanes by mixed human faecal
      cultures has been studied. The reactions observed were mainly reductive.
      Unsaturated 4-ene-3-oxo and 1,4-diene-3-oxo bile acids were reduced in Ring A. 5
      beta-3-Oxo bile acids were reduced to 5 beta-3-hydroxy bile acids. 4-Ene, 1,4
      diene and 4,6-diene-3,17-dioxo-androstanes were reduced in Ring A with
      concomitant reduction of oxo groups to hydroxyl groups. The Gram-negative
      facultative anaerobic faecal bacteria are implicated in the reductive process,
      whilst the genus Clostridium does not appear to be important. Inclusion of
      menadione, a synthetic form of vitamin K, retards the reductive process.

PMID- 4021486
TI  - Comparison of the receptor binding properties of nandrolone and testosterone
      under in vitro and in vivo conditions.
AB  - Previous in vitro binding studies with androgen receptors in rat seminal vesicles
      (Toth M. and Zakar T., J. steroid Biochem. 17 (1982) 653-660) have shown that the
      difference in the effects of nandrolone (N) and testosterone (T) is caused by the
      fact that 5 alpha-reduction increases the affinity of T and decreases the
      affinity of N. We confirmed this result using androgen receptors in rat prostate
      and intact human MCF-7 cells. We also analysed the receptor binding properties of
      N, T, dihydronandrolone (DHN) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in vivo following a
      combined 2-h infusion of a physiological dose of [3H]T and the same dose of [3H]N
      in castrated male rats, which permitted a direct comparison of the accumulation
      of [3H]N, [3H]T, [3H]DHN and [3H]DHT in different sub-cellular fractions of
      various tissues. There was a considerable accumulation of radioactivity in the
      liver, but no retention of active compounds. In the prostate there was a
      preferential retention of [3H]DHT over [3H] DHN in the receptor fractions whereas
      in thymus, spleen and muscular tissues [3H]N and [3H]T were retained in equal
      amounts. The kidney showed a preferential retention of [3H]N over [3H]T. The
      present results explain the relatively strong effect of nandrolone compared to
      that of testosterone on target tissues devoid of 5 alpha-reductase activity (e.g.
      muscular tissue) compared to its relatively weak effect on tissues with a
      relatively high 5 alpha-reductase content (e.g. prostate).

PMID- 4021487
TI  - The radioimmunoassay of pregnanetriol 3 alpha-glucuronide.
AB  - The hapten (5 beta-pregnane-17,20 alpha-diol-3 alpha-yl glucuronide) required to
      develop the radioimmunoassay was synthesized by an unambiguous chemical
      synthesis. An immunogenic complex was synthesized by coupling bovine serum
      albumin (BSA) to the glucuronide by mixed acid anhydride reaction. The
      immunogenic complex was used to induce the formation of specific antibodies in
      rabbits. In addition, the required radioligand [6,7-3H]5 beta-pregnanetriol 3
      alpha-glucuronide was prepared with appropriate specific radioactivity. The
      characteristics of the antibody were determined with regard to specificity and
      sensitivity and the precision and accuracy of the assay method established. As
      applied to urine samples this method is superior to existing procedures in that
      they avoid the hydrolysis step and can be used directly on diluted urine.
      Examples have been given of useful application of this technique in clinical
      practice.

PMID- 4021488
TI  - Testosterone secretion is severely impaired after hepatectomy in rat, dog and
      man.
AB  - In 90%-hepatectomized rats, the plasma testosterone level (0.34 +/- 0.07 ng.ml,
      mean +/- SEM) is significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than in sham operated
      male rats (1.7 +/- 0.26 ng.ml, mean +/- SEM). In dogs, after 90% hepatectomy, the
      mean plasma testosterone concentration fell to 1/10 of the plasma testosterone
      level measured in sham operated animals either 24 or 72 h after surgery. In
      hepatectomized men, plasma testosterone is markedly decreased in contrast to what
      is observed after duodeno-pancreatectomy performed under the same conditions of
      anesthesia. These results suggest that 90% hepatectomy severely alters the Leydig
      cell function.

PMID- 4021489
TI  - Characterization of non-liganded glucocorticoid receptor in rat liver cytosol
      using indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - We have previously shown that the purified or unfractionated cytosolic, activated
      glucocorticoid receptor of rat liver consists of a polypeptide with a Stokes
      radius of approximately 6 nm, a sedimentation coefficient of 4S and a molecular
      mass of approximately 90,000 Daltons. We have confirmed previous observations by
      other authors that if sodium molybdate is introduced into the cytosol preparation
      buffer the non-activated glucocorticoid receptor appears as an 8 nm, 9S species
      with an apparent molecular mass of 330,000 Daltons. In order to study the
      physicochemical parameters of the glucocorticoid receptor prior to ligand
      binding, we have used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on
      antibodies raised in rabbits against the purified activated glucocorticoid
      receptor. In isotonic buffer, the non-liganded glucocorticoid receptor was shown
      to have a Stokes radius of 6 nm in the absence and 8 nm in the presence of
      molybdate. Furthermore, experimental conditions known to result in activation of
      the glucocorticoid receptor complex (increased ionic strength, increased
      temperature) did not lead to activation of the 6 nm non-liganded glucocorticoid
      receptor as judged from the lack of binding of the treated, non-liganded receptor
      to DNA-cellulose. The existence of both 6 and 8 nm forms of nonactivated, non
      liganded glucocorticoid receptor in vitro suggests that dissociation of an 8 nm
      form to a 6 nm form, if it occurs in vivo, is probably not the only molecular
      event constituting the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor.

PMID- 4021490
TI  - A new radioimmunoassay for serum 16 alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione with
      specific antiserum.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay system for serum 16 alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione was
      developed with the use of rabbit antiserum against 16 alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene
      3,17-dione-3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime which was conjugated with bovine serum
      albumin. The antiserum was highly specific for 16 alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17
      dione, with cross reactions to other steroids being less than 0.8% except for
      androst-4-ene-3,17-dione(3.4% cross reaction). Use of LH-20 column
      chromatography, however, clearly separated these two steroids. Pregnancy sera
      were measured with this assay system after an addition of labelled internal
      standard, extraction and separation by column chromatography. The lower limit of
      detection for 16 alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione was 2 pg/tube. The mean
      recovery rate of the added standard was 98.3 +/- 8.8% (mean +/- SE). Intra- and
      inter-assay coefficients of variation were 8.6% (n = 6) and 12.1% (n = 7),
      respectively.

PMID- 4021491
TI  - Further characterization of the estrogen binding macromolecule in human pancreas.
AB  - The estrogen binding protein in human pancreas has been purified from pancreatic
      cytosol by chromatography on Concanavalin-A-Sepharose and hydroxyl-apatite
      followed by ion-exchange chromatography carried out using a fast-protein liquid
      chromatography apparatus (FPLC). The purified protein, still able to bind
      labelled [3H]estradiol, appeared as one single band corresponding to 31 K in SDS
      gel electrophoresis. Total amino acid analysis revealed high levels of histidine,
      glutamic acid and leucine. The capacity of the purified protein to bind estrogens
      could be increased more than 4-fold by addition of a cytosolic factor, probably
      being a small peptide, that is present in crude cytosol, but lost during the
      purification procedure. The iodinated protein does not bind to DNA-cellulose or
      phosphocellulose, and shows no similarities to estrogen receptor proteins.

PMID- 4021492
TI  - Hormonal effects on the estrogen receptor system in the epididymis and accessory
      sex organs of sexually immature rabbits.
AB  - The epididymis and male accessory sex organs (vesicular gland, prostate, and
      bulbourethral gland) of sexually immature rabbits contain a functional estrogen
      receptor system which is regulated in an organ-specific manner by various
      hormones. In both intact and castrated animals, acute estrogen challenge causes
      depletion of estrogen receptor from the cytosolic fraction and its appearance in
      the nuclear fraction of these tissues. A considerable amount of unoccupied
      nuclear receptor was detected both before and after estrogen challenge. An
      estrogen-activated, receptor-processing mechanism is operable in these organs
      since chronic treatment (daily for 14 days) with estradiol benzoate modified the
      levels of total estrogen receptor, and altered the relative amounts of occupied
      to unoccupied nuclear receptor present following estrogen challenge. Chronic
      treatment with estradiol benzoate, Tamoxifen, and testosterone propionate (alone
      and in combination) had differential, organ-specific effects on the ability of
      subsequent estrogen challenge to cause accumulation of nuclear receptor. The
      vesicular gland was the most responsive to estrogen treatment and the
      bulbourethral gland the least responsive.

PMID- 4021493
TI  - Time course of anterior pituitary estrogen receptor after low 17 beta-estradiol
      doses in ovariectomized rats.
AB  - The present paper describes the effect of three 17-beta-estradiol (E2) doses (1,
      10 and 500 ng E2/kg) on the cytosolic and nuclear estrogen receptor content of
      anterior pituitary (Ap) of ovariectomized rats. The estrogen receptors were
      measured by [3H]E2 exchange in cytosol and crude nuclear fractions. Two hours
      after the administration of 10 or 500 ng E2/kg the Rc showed a depletion to 20
      30% of preinjection level. The 1 ng E2/kg dose did not provoke any Rc depletion.
      The Rc replenishment was completed 5 h after injection of 10 ng E2/kg, but it was
      delayed to 10 h after injection of 500 ng E2/kg. An increased amount of Rc over
      the control levels was produced by 1 and 10 ng E2/kg doses, but not by the 500 ng
      E2/kg. The Rn level in Ap increased significantly after all E2 doses, and their
      highest levels were similar for 1, 10 and 500 ng E2/kg. These results suggest
      that some estrogenic responses like synthesis of the estrogen receptor proteins,
      can be elicited without previous significant Rc depletion. The relationships
      between Rc and Rn in Ap suggest an autoregulatory mechanism for the control of
      the cellular level of unbound estrogen receptors, that can be altered by the
      exogenous E2.

PMID- 4021494
TI  - The role of estrogens on the proliferation of human breast tumor cells (MCF-7).
AB  - The cloned human breast tumor cell line C7MCF7-173 behaved as an estrogen
      dependent tumor in the nude mice. In contrast, E2 added to serum-less media did
      not increase the multiplication rate of these cells over the values obtained in
      the control cultures. Media supplemented with charcoal-dextran stripped (CD)
      human female serum (FHS) resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation in a
      concentration-dependent pattern (40% = 20% greater than 10% greater than 5%
      greater than 2.5%). E2 addition to all but the 2.5% CDFHS significantly increased
      the proliferation rate of these cells. The E2 concentration required to attain
      maximal proliferation rate increased as the serum concentration of the medium
      increased (e.g. 3 X 10(-11)M for 10% CDFHS, 3 X 10(-10)M for 40% CDFHS). E2
      concentrations higher than the one needed to achieve maximal proliferation rate
      resulted in decreased cell yields (shut-off mechanism). Similar effects were
      obtained with synthetic and other natural estrogens. CD fetal bovine serum (FBS)
      also inhibited the proliferation of C7MCF7-173 cells; however, at similar
      concentration the inhibitory effect of CDFHS was more potent than the one
      obtained with CDFBS. The addition of "growth factors" (insulin, Epidermal Growth
      Factor and transferrin) and non-estrogenic steroids to 10% CDFHS failed to
      overcome the inhibitory effect of this serum. These results suggest that: (1)
      human and fetal bovine sera contain a specific inhibitor of the proliferation of
      E2-sensitive cells (estrocolyones), and (2) E2 promotes cell proliferation by
      neutralizing this inhibitor.

PMID- 4021495
TI  - Estrogen receptor in chicken oviduct: receptor dissociation kinetics and
      transformation.
AB  - Cytosolic and nuclear estrogen receptor forms of chicken oviduct have been
      studied by (1) measuring hormone dissociation kinetics and by (2) sucrose density
      gradient analysis on high salt gradients. Estradiol dissociates from the receptor
      in chicken oviduct cytosol at 22 degrees C following a two-phase exponential
      process. The fraction of receptor with a fast dissociation rate (k = 120 X 10(-3)
      min-1) decreases as a function of the pre-incubation at 22 degrees C; after
      prolonged pre-incubation only the slowly dissociating (k = 12.3 X 10(-3) min-1)
      form remains. Dissociation of moxestrol, a synthetic estrogen with a higher
      affinity, from the cytosol receptor at 30 degrees C is similar, showing a
      transition of a fast dissociating form (k = 120 X 10(-3) min-1) to a slowly
      dissociating form (k = 7.6 X 10(-3) min-1) as a result of pre-incubation at 30
      degrees C. A concomitant temperature-dependent shift of the estrogen receptor
      from a 4.8 S to a 6.1 S form was observed with moxestrol but not with estradiol
      as a ligand. Sodium molybdate (20 mM) and NaSCN (400 mM) inhibit the temperature
      dependent increase in sedimentation coefficient, but molybdate allows the
      formation of a receptor form which shows intermediary dissociation kinetics.
      Estrogen receptor, precipitated with ammonium sulfate (0-35%) shows monophasic
      dissociation kinetics of estradiol (k = 39.5 X 10(-3) min-1) and for moxestrol (k
      = 10.8 X 10(-3) min-1), suggesting full receptor activation only with moxestrol
      as a ligand. Moxestrol-receptor complexes obtained by ammonium sulfate
      precipitation sediment at 0 degree C at 4.8 S. Only after subsequent incubation
      at 30 degrees C a shift from 4.8 S to 5.9 S is observed, suggesting that the
      formation of the slowly dissociating form of the receptor may precede the
      formation of a stable transformed receptor complex. The nuclear estrogen receptor
      with estradiol as a ligand shows biphasic dissociation kinetics at 22 degrees C
      (k = 70 X 10(-3) min-1; k = 14.0 X 10(-3) min-1). The ratio of both components
      (1:1) does not change after preincubation of the nuclear receptor extract at 22
      degrees C. Moxestrol dissociates from the nuclear receptor at 30 degrees C
      monophasically with a slow rate (k = 6.1 X 10(-3) min-1), suggesting that it is
      extracted as an activated hormone-receptor complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4021496
TI  - Androgen metabolism in tissue recombinants composed of adult urinary bladder
      epithelium and urogenital sinus mesenchyme.
AB  - Epithelium of the adult mouse urinary bladder (BLE) was experimentally combined
      with mesenchyme of the urogenital sinus (UGM) and grown in intact male hosts to
      produce prostate-like glandular structures. To determine the extent to which the
      BLE is altered in a functional sense by inductive influences from UGM,
      investigations into the in vitro metabolism of tritiated testosterone (T) were
      undertaken. An isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method
      was developed in order to separate the metabolites of T in mouse bladder,
      prostate and UGM + BLE tissue recombinants. Using a C-18 reversed phase column
      and a tetrahydrofuran (20): methanol (40): H2O (40) mobile phase, efficient and
      rapid separation of T, dihydrotestosterone, 3 alpha-androstanediol,
      androstenedione, androstanedione and androsterone was achieved. The identities of
      the radiolabeled T metabolites were confirmed by recrystallization to constant
      specific activity. The results of the present study revealed that tissue
      recombinants expressed testosterone metabolic profiles only partially toward that
      of the adult prostate. For example, percentage formation of 5 alpha
      androstanedione, 3 alpha-androstanediol and unknown polar metabolites in the UGM
      + BLE resembled the prostate and differed significantly from the urinary bladder.
      Conversely, formation of the 3 beta-androstanediol and androsterone from
      testosterone resembled the urinary bladder and differed from the formation of
      these metabolites in the prostate. These results suggest that in contrast to
      histomorphology, androgen-induced DNA synthesis, androgen receptor binding
      activity and total tissue two-dimensional gel electrophoretic protein profiles,
      androgen metabolic profiles in the tissue recombinants showed only partial
      transformation into prostatic phenotypes. Analysis of steroid-metabolic profiles,
      therefore, may represent an exquisite and sensitive method to assess gene
      expression in various hormone-responsive target tissues.

PMID- 4021497
TI  - A simple technique to simultaneously assess activity at histamine H1- and H2
      receptors in vivo.
AB  - A technique is described that allows simultaneous and quantitative assay of the
      action of agonists and antagonists at histamine H1- and H2-receptors in
      anesthetized guinea pigs. The principle of the technique is based on H1-receptor
      bronchoconstriction and H2-receptor tachycardia. Studies have been made to assay
      antagonists at either receptor and provide simultaneous evidence of selectivity
      or to assay combined antagonists such as Smith Kline & French 93319. Studies with
      histamine receptor agonists provide evidence of the potency and selectivity of
      these compounds relative to histamine.

PMID- 4021498
TI  - A rapid method for the determination of blood morphine concentration suitable for
      use in studies involving acute and chronic pain.
AB  - This communication provides an improved sample preparation method for blood
      morphine concentration determination prior to high-performance liquid
      chromatography analysis with electrochemical detection. The lower limit of
      sensitivity is 1 ng/ml of whole blood, and the standard curve is linear to an
      upper limit of 500 ng/ml. The coefficient of variation of replicate
      determinations of morphine at concentrations of 10 and 400 ng/ml were 4.7 and
      2.5%, respectively. This assay procedure is rapid and accurate and allows the
      large number of samples (usually 30-40 samples) generated by pharmacokinetic
      studies in acute and chronic pain to be conveniently analyzed in one day.

PMID- 4021499
TI  - Differential intraarterial pressure recordings from different arteries in the
      rat.
AB  - Intraarterial pressures were recorded from five different sites in pentobarbital
      anesthetized rats. Simultaneous recordings were made from the brachial artery,
      carotid artery, femoral artery, tail artery, and a small end-branch of the
      superior mesenteric artery under basal conditions and under vasoconstrictor and
      vasodilator influences to find out whether similar mean arterial pressures (MAP)
      can be recorded from the various sites. It was found that MAP of proximal
      arteries (brachial and carotid) is higher than the MAP recorded from more distal
      arteries (mesenteric, tail, and femoral). A pressure difference of 5-6 mm Hg was
      found to exist from the level of the carotid artery to that of the femoral artery
      during all experimental conditions. Our results indicate that the same artery
      should always be used to compare MAP between different rats. Moreover,
      calculations of arterial resistance (MAP/BF) of most vascular beds in the rat,
      using MAP values obtained from the tail or the femoral artery, as are commonly
      done in physiologic or pharmacologic studies, can result in slightly lower
      resistance values than the true resistance. To obtain true arterial resistance of
      any vascular bed, one has to use MAP recorded at the particular vascular bed for
      the calculation of resistance.

PMID- 4021500
TI  - Measurement of adenosine metabolites and metabolism in isolated tissue
      preparations.
AB  - Several pitfalls have been encountered in setting up methodology for the study of
      adenosine metabolism and quantitation of adenosine metabolites in isolated tissue
      preparations. Quantitation of metabolites by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) methods has shown that: 1. significant absorbtion of
      purines to some types of thread (used to tie up tissues in tissue baths) occurs;
      2. without particular care in the preparation of tissue baths and medium,
      significant microbiological contamination can occur; 3. stimulation of guinea pig
      ileum preparations at 0.2 Hz is associated with weight loss of the tissue and
      release of purine-degrading enzymes into the bathing medium; 4. stability of
      purine analogs is dependent on the tissue and species. A method for the
      measurement of the purines uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine, inosine, adenosine,
      adenine nucleotides, and various substituted nucleotides in medium and tissue
      samples following incubations of rat vas deferens and guinea pig ileum is
      presented.

PMID- 4021501
TI  - Substrate aggregation and cooperative enzyme kinetics: consideration of enzyme
      access with large aggregates.
AB  - Consideration was given to a system in which an enzyme substrate indefinitely
      self-associates according to a general model with f sites of aggregation and a
      single intrinsic binding constant k. Where enzyme attack occurs at random points
      on the substrate surface, surface regions will be obscured from enzyme access by
      aggregate formation. The significance of reduced surface access for the infinite
      array of different size aggregates which co-exist was explored through use of a
      reacted site probability function, PA: the proportion of total substrate surface
      which is accessible to the enzyme was estimated as the fraction of total sites
      for aggregation which are unoccupied. The effective substrate concentration was
      thereby specified in terms of total substrate concentration (mA) by the simple
      expression mA = (1 - PA)mA. Plots of simulated v versus mA data were examined for
      a Michaelis-Menten enzyme of maximal velocity Vm and Michaelis constant Km to
      reveal deviations from expected enzyme behaviour; corresponding Hofstee (v/mA
      versus v) plots were found to be convex to the v axis as is characteristic of a
      negatively cooperative enzyme. As self-association is known to occur widely with
      large or small molecules in solution, the experimenter should be aware of the
      potential for these phenomena in kinetic studies to produce pseudo-allosteric
      effects, or to mask true allosteric behaviour.

PMID- 4021502
TI  - Experimental foundation of the Gabor-Nelson theory applied to boundaries which
      are non-insulating.
AB  - In order to found the application of the Gabor-Nelson theory to non-insulating
      boundaries, we have used a network which we have divided into two parts: a core
      energized by a source sink pair and an appendage, the conductivity of which may
      or may not differ from that of the core. By ignoring the appendage and by
      applying the Gabor-Nelson method to the restricted perimeter as if it were
      totally insulating, we stress the errors made in computing the dipole strength,
      orientation and position and how they are influenced by the dipole eccentricity,
      by its orientation with respect to the junction between the added portion and the
      core, and by a change in conductivity between the same compartments. Finally, we
      restore the dipole characteristics by using the appropriate correction derived
      from theory. Comparing the later results to those obtained by applying the Gabor
      Nelson method to the whole insulating boundary leads to the conclusion that the
      correction is founded and must be taken into account.

PMID- 4021503
TI  - The expected effect of a combination of agents: the general solution.
AB  - Interactions between agents (drugs, carcinogens, physiological stimuli,
      environmental pollutants, etc.) in producing their effects are of fundamental
      interest and practical importance in virtually every branch of biology and
      medicine. A combination of agents is said to show interaction when the magnitude
      of its effect is greater or smaller than expected, expectation being based on the
      dose-effect relations of the individual agents in the combination. The crux of
      the matter is to decide what is expected, and various rules have been proposed to
      this end (for example, that the expected effect is the sum of the effects of the
      individual constituents of the combination, or that it is the product of these
      effects, or that it may be calculated from the law of mass action). These rules
      are valid for combinations of agents with particular and rather restricted types
      of dose-effect relations, but they have no general validity. A general solution
      to this problem is given here, that enables the effects of non-interactive
      combinations to be calculated directly from the dose-effect relations of the
      individual agents (whether expressed algebraically or numerically), regardless of
      the particular types of dose-effect relations involved. This solution is based on
      the fact that, when an effect of particular magnitude is produced by a
      combination of n agents which do not interact to produce that effect, the point
      representing the combination in the n-dimensional space spanned by the dose-axes
      of the individual agents lies in the same (n-1)-dimensional hyperplane as those
      representing other combinations iso-effective with it and iso-effective amounts
      of the individual agents. Methods for calculating the effect of a non-interactive
      combination as the sum or product of the effects of its constituents, or from the
      law of mass action, each of which is correct in appropriate cases, may be deduced
      (without invoking mechanisms of action) by applying this general principle to
      particular types of dose-effect relations.

PMID- 4021504
TI  - Some problems in the usage of Gibbs free energy in biochemistry.
AB  - The usage of Gibbs free energy (G) in biochemistry is examined critically. The
      textbook formulation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics as applied to chemically
      reacting systems is reviewed. Cognizance of the established theory and
      terminology of chemical thermodynamics leads to the conclusion that the symbol
      "delta G", as used in most biochemical calculations of free-energy change (e.g.
      in freeze-clamp study of steady-state metabolic processes), is erroneous. The
      instantaneous change, symbolized by the expression (delta G/delta xi) (with xi
      the degree of advancement of the reaction), is seen to be the correct form for
      describing the thermodynamic quality of the reactions of cell metabolism.
      Mathematical and graphical analysis of a sample reaction demonstrates the
      fundamental difference between delta G and (delta G/delta xi). Some problems in
      the application and interpretation of free-energy change in biochemical systems
      are reviewed: (1) Advances in protein dynamics have revealed the free-energy
      linkage properties of the enzyme molecule in binding/catalytic events of
      catalysis, demanding that we view the thermodynamics of elementary enzyme
      reactions with a finer eye. (2) The reality of metabolic microenvironments in
      vivo leads to equivocation in the significance of free-energy changes measured
      under macroscopic conditions in vitro. (3) The physicochemical character of
      reaction dynamics in the living cell may in some cases exceed the domain of
      validity of such thermodynamic state functions as Gibbs free energy.

PMID- 4021505
TI  - Sex ratio, dominance status and maternal hormone levels at the time of
      conception.
AB  - Sex ratio is a topic which has attracted the attention of epidemiologists and
      evolutionary biologists. But their work has been conducted largely in parallel:
      hitherto they seem not to have found much inspiration in one another's results.
      Their attitudes, environments and problems have all been strikingly different.
      The present note shows how one of the biologists' findings may be explained by a
      hypothesis based on epidemiological observation. The hypothesis (that sex ratio
      of offspring is partially controlled by maternal hormone levels at the time of
      conception) needs testing in a number of species.

PMID- 4021506
TI  - Subjective antedating of a sensory experience and mind-brain theories: reply to
      Honderich (1984).
AB  - Honderich claims that our "delay-and-antedating" hypothesis, of a delay in
      cerebral production combined with a subjective antedating of a conscious sensory
      experience, involves self-contradiction which may cast doubt on some of our
      experimental findings and on the hypothesis. This claim misses the distinction
      between the phenomenological subjective mental content of an experience and the
      physical-neuronal configuration that elicits the experience; also, it cannot
      explain the experimentally observed discrepancy, between subjective timing and
      the empirically delayed time for cerebral adequacy for eliciting the experience,
      found when stimulating a subcortical sensory pathway. Honderich usefully
      distinguishes between our stated (delay-and-antedating) hypothesis and a
      different though unacceptable one which would have serious implications for mind
      brain theories. The delay-and-antedating hypothesis does not provide a formally
      definitive contradiction of monist-identity theory (of the mind-brain
      relationship). However, our experimentally based hypothesis does dissociate
      subjective/mental timing from the actual physical/neuronal time of an experience.
      This phenomenon, though conceptually strange, must be encompassed by any mind
      brain theory.

PMID- 4021507
TI  - Morphogen prepatterns during mitosis and cytokinesis in flattened cells: three
      dimensional Turing structures of reaction-diffusion systems in cylindrical
      coordinates.
AB  - Computer simulation of spontaneous morphogen prepattern formation (spatial
      dissipative structures, Turing structures) is studied during change from a
      spherical geometry to a flat cylinder (axis ratio 1:5), resembling compression of
      a spherical cell in metaphase to a flat disc. Abnormal forms of mitosis and
      cytokinesis have been reported experimentally during this process. The
      prepatterns obtained numerically account for several of these abnormalities,
      notably the occurrence of quadripartition in bipolar cells, or the arrest of
      cytokinesis. The prepatterns recorded may open a route for experimental testing
      of the prepattern model of mitosis and cytokinesis.

PMID- 4021508
TI  - Cell cycles and growth laws: the CCC model.
AB  - In the cell-cycle-with-control model (CCC model), cells have to satisfy a
      condition before they are allowed to pass a control point during G1. Different
      cycle durations within a cell population are explained by individual time spans
      needed to satisfy the passing condition. If the distribution of cycle durations
      is time invariant, the population will grow exponentially. However, if the
      average cycle duration becomes longer, while the population grows, non
      exponential population growth results. Simple functions for the lengthening of
      the average cycle duration, like linear or exponential ones, yield the well-known
      growth laws found in the biological literature. The same functions can be
      represented by an "S-system" differential equation that was derived earlier as an
      approximation for biochemical systems with many fast reactions (metabolism) and
      one slow process (e.g. ageing).

PMID- 4021509
TI  - The relationship between zeros and factors of binding polynomials and
      cooperativity in protein-ligand binding.
AB  - Cooperativity in the protein-ligand binding process is discussed in terms of the
      zeros of the binding polynomial and the corresponding possible factorizations of
      the binding polynomial into polynomials having non-negative coefficients.
      Particular attention is paid to the case in which the real parts of all zeros are
      negative (Hurwitz polynomial) and the case in which the binding polynomial admits
      no positive factorization (positive irreducible polynomial). Such factorizations
      are then interpreted as site linkage patterns and related to cooperativity. The
      possible combinations of zeros of the binding polynomials for the MWC and KNF
      tetrahedral, square and linear models are determined and the corresponding
      factorization and linkage patterns analyzed. An application and interpretation
      are then made for data obtained from Trout I hemoglobin.

PMID- 4021510
TI  - A theoretical model for calcium absorption from the intestinal lumen.
AB  - A theoretical model is developed for the absorption of calcium in the human gut
      and a mathematical description of the model is written. For simplicity, only
      three compartments are considered to derive a kinetic equation which can be fit
      to plasma activity measurements following oral ingestion of radiotracer calcium.
      Initial tests show good success in correlating total fractional absorption of
      calcium.

PMID- 4021511
TI  - Preliminary study of ethnobotany in Xishuang Banna, People's Republic of China.
AB  - Xishuang Banna, a particularly rich area for ethnobotanical research, borders on
      Burma and Laos, and contains some of the last undisturbed tropical rainforests in
      China. Xishuang Banna is ethnically very diverse; the largest group is the Dai
      followed by the Hani (Aini) and various smaller national minorities. Since the
      various groups inhabit different parts of the environment (from river valleys to
      steep mountain slopes) their awareness of, and use of plants varies considerably.
      The Dai people for example, have a tradition of forest preserves for each village
      as well as family home gardens around each house. This study lists 218 plant
      species that are frequently used by the various nationalities included in the
      survey.

PMID- 4021512
TI  - Screening of medicinal plants used by Huastec Mayans of northeastern Mexico.
AB  - As part of a research effort to assess the adaptive value of Huastec medicine, a
      preliminary screening of a sample of the Huastec pharmacopoeia has been carried
      out. Results from the screening of 56 species are reported here together with
      information about Huastec use and knowledge of medicinal plants.

PMID- 4021513
TI  - Experimental anti-ulcer activity of Veronica officinalis L. extracts.
AB  - In indomethacin-induced ulcers in albino rats, the anti-ulcerogenic effects of
      some extracts prepared from Veronica officinalis L. were investigated. The
      extracts had a significant anti-ulcerogenic activity. In ulcer healing
      experiments performed in rats by administering reserpine, the extracts were found
      to enhance the regeneration of the gastric mucosa. These results seem to confirm
      the popular observations according to which the decoction from Veronica
      officinalis L. possessed useful properties in the treatment of gastric ulcers.

PMID- 4021514
TI  - Muscle relaxant activity and hypotensive activity of some Tabernaemontana
      alkaloids.
AB  - Stemmadenine, the major alkaloid from the seeds of Tabernaemontana dichotoma,
      showed hypotensive activity and weak muscle relaxant activity. Perivine,
      vobasine, coronaridine and dichomine, some of the alkaloids found in the leaves,
      fruits and bark of T. dichotoma, also showed hypotensive and muscle relaxant
      activity.

PMID- 4021515
TI  - Pharmacology of ephedroxanes.
AB  - On the central nervous system, ephedrine showed intense stimulatory activities
      but pseudoephedrine mediated weaker influences, while ephedroxane and
      pseudoephedroxane exerted inhibitory actions. The effects of ephedroxane were
      generally intense as compared with those of pseudoephedroxane. On the autonomic
      nervous system, the ephedrines contracted vas deferens and potentiated the effect
      of norepinephrine, while the ephedroxanes elicited no contraction of vas deferens
      but potentiation of the action of norepinephrine in the catecholaminergic nervous
      system. In antihistamine and antibarium activity, the ephedrines elicited
      remarkable actions but the effects of the ephedroxanes were weak.

PMID- 4021516
TI  - A drug used in traditional medicine: Harpagophytum procumbens DC. III. Effects on
      hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmias by reperfusion.
AB  - In Langendorff preparations of rat heart, hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmias
      (HVA) have been induced by an ischaemic perfusion (coronary flux 0.5 ml/min;
      pressure 8 mmHg) and following reperfusion at basal conditions (coronary flux 8
      ml/min; pressure 50 mmHg). Crude methanolic extracts of Harpagophytum procumbens
      secondary roots and harpagoside showed a significant, dose-dependent, protective
      action toward HVA induced by reperfusion.

PMID- 4021517
TI  - A drug used in traditional medicine: Harpagophytum procumbens DC. IV. Effects on
      some isolated muscle preparations.
AB  - Effects of the crude methanolic extract of Harpagophytum procumbens secondary
      roots and two of its active principles, harpagoside and harpagide, on some smooth
      muscle in vitro have been studied. The results obtained show how the action of H.
      procumbens is due to a complex interaction between the various active principles
      contained in the drug and suggest that they, especially harpagoside, interfere
      with the mechanisms that regulate the influx of calcium in the cells.

PMID- 4021518
TI  - Screening of medicinal plants of Rwanda for acaricidal activity.
AB  - A series of 108 samples from 42 medicinal plants of Rwanda have been screened for
      acaricidal activity against the female tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Two
      plants, Solanum dasyphyllum (fruits) and Neorautanenia mitis (roots) showed
      apparent acaricidal activity in the petroleum ether fraction.

PMID- 4021519
TI  - Cholagogic effect of ginger and its active constituents.
AB  - The effect of bile secretion in rats was examined in order to clarify the
      stomachic action of ginger and also to investigate its active constituents. The
      results showed that mainly the acetone extracts of ginger, which contain
      essential oils and pungent principles, caused an increase in the bile secretion.
      Further analyses for the active constituents of the acetone extracts through
      column chromatography indicated that [6]-gingerol and [10]-gingerol, which are
      the pungent principles, are mainly responsible for the cholagogic effect of
      ginger.

PMID- 4021520
TI  - Mangiferin from the root bark of Salacia reticulata.

PMID- 4021521
TI  - Surgical treatment of chronic empyema. A new one-stage operation.
AB  - The operative results in a series of 92 patients with chronic empyema were
      reviewed. Of these, 46 had empyema with an underlying fistula, and 46 had empyema
      without fistulization. Twenty-one underwent decortication, 65 were treated by our
      technique, and six were treated by a modification of the Eloesser technique.
      These techniques were employed with priority given in the order just cited. Our
      technique involves decortication of the visceral peel and obliteration of the
      dead space by collapsing of the parietal wall without rib resection. Cure was
      obtained with decortication alone in 20 of 21 patients. Sixty of 65 patients
      treated by our technique were cured without deformation of the thoracic cage. In
      all patients treated by the modified Eloesser technique, obliteration of the
      empyema cavity was achieved secondarily by thoracoplasty combined with a pedicled
      muscle flap. Postoperative pulmonary function studies demonstrated a significant
      improvement in vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second in
      patients treated by decortication or by our technique. With the modified Eloesser
      technique, in contract, pulmonary function tended to decline.

PMID- 4021522
TI  - Giant lung abscess treated by tube thoracostomy.
AB  - Pulmonary resection is the recommended treatment for large lung abscesses that do
      not respond to medical management. Tube thoracostomy, effective in the past, has
      been used less and less in recent years. Personal experience with three patients
      and a review of the literature led me to the following conclusions: In the
      treatment of a lung abscess 8 cm or larger, tube thoracostomy is an effective
      form of drainage, is probably safer than pulmonary resection, and may yield a
      superior result. Rather than being reserved as a desperation measure for poor
      risk patients, tube thoracostomy should be considered early in the hospital
      course.

PMID- 4021523
TI  - Cryosurgical ablation of left parietal wall accessory atrioventricular
      connections through the coronary sinus without the use of extracorporeal
      circulation.
AB  - A simplified technique for surgical treatment of preexcitation syndrome caused by
      left-sided accessory atrioventricular connections without the use of
      extracorporeal circulation has been elaborated experimentally and used in 21
      patients with tachycardia refractory to medical treatment. Cryoablation of the
      accessory bundles was performed by means of local cryothermia using a specially
      designed cryoinstrument introduced into the coronary sinus through the right
      atrial wall. The operations were performed after thoracotomy on the working
      closed heart. The signs of preexcitation and paroxysms of tachycardia disappeared
      in 19 of 21 patients. Coronary sinus ligation was necessary in two patients. In
      the rest of the patients the patency of the sinus was preserved and there were no
      surgical complications. This original cryosurgical technique offers a number of
      advantages in selected patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 4021524
TI  - Cryosurgical ablation of right parietal and septal accessory atrioventricular
      connections without the use of extracorporeal circulation. A new surgical
      technique.
AB  - A new technique for definitive surgical treatment of the preexcitation syndrome
      without the use of extracorporeal circulation has been elaborated and clinically
      used in 25 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Seventeen patients had
      right parietal accessory atrioventricular connections and eight had septal
      connections. In patients with right-sided connections the fat pad in the coronary
      sulcus was dissected with an ultrasonic scalpel. Ablation of accessory
      atrioventricular connections was obtained by applying local cryothermia. The
      evidence of preexcitation and arrhythmias disappeared in all patients. All
      patients recovered without surgical complications and there were no deaths. The
      described technique offers considerable advantages over previous surgical methods
      in selected patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 4021525
TI  - Imidazole-buffered cardioplegic solution. Improved myocardial preservation during
      global ischemia.
AB  - Progressive acidosis is a constant finding in global myocardial ischemia and is
      associated with reduced myocardial contractility after ischemia. The hypothesis
      tested in these experiments was that imidazole (pKa = 6.7 at 37 degrees C), a
      commonly used buffer in physiology and microbiology, would provide superior
      buffering capacity when used in lieu of bicarbonate (pKa = 6.1 at 37 degrees C)
      in a cardioplegic solution. Twenty-eight isolated, working rabbit hearts were
      perfused, and preischemic and postischemic determinants of performance were
      measured. The 30 minute interval of normothermic global ischemia was altered by
      the injection at 0 and 15 minutes of 2 ml/gm wet weight of a buffered
      cardioplegic solution. Control hearts received a bicarbonate-buffered
      cardioplegic solution and experimental hearts received a solution buffered with
      imidazole. In the imidazole-buffered group, there was a superior recovery of
      coronary flow, developed left ventricular pressure, peak rate of rise of left
      ventricular pressure, peak rate of relaxation, and stroke work indices (p less
      than 0.05). Recovery of mechanical parameters was coincident with an improved
      acid-base status of the coronary sinus effluent at the end of ischemia. Coronary
      sinus effluents in the imidazole group had significantly higher pH values and
      lower partial pressures of carbon dioxide than coronary sinus effluents in the
      bicarbonate-buffered group (p less than 0.001). The data suggest that improved
      buffering of the extracellular and possibly intracellular space during global
      ischemia with a nonbicarbonate buffer is beneficial and provides improved
      postischemic myocardial recovery.

PMID- 4021527
TI  - Experimental use of intercostal muscle flaps for repair of induced cardiac
      defects.
AB  - Intercostal muscle flaps were successfully used to repair 3 cm defects of the
      ventricular myocardium in the mongrel dog. Early and late healing of all flaps
      was uncomplicated and there were no late complications related to aneurysmal
      formation or electrical abnormalities of the heart. The existing blood supply of
      the heart was unaffected. The intercostal muscle is suggested as an alternative
      muscle flap for use in myocardial wall reconstruction.

PMID- 4021526
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of exercise cardiac function before and after pectus
      excavatum repair.
AB  - Surgical correction of pectus excavatum frequently results in subjective
      improvement of exercise tolerance. Whether or not cardiac function improves after
      repair remains controversial and has primarily been limited to isolated case
      reports. The purpose of this investigation was to assess changes in cardiac
      function during rest and exercise associated with the surgical correction of this
      deformity. First-pass radionuclide studies during upright rest and bicycle
      exercise were performed on 13 patients before and at least 6 months after pectus
      excavatum repair. Operation did not change left ventricular ejection fraction or
      cardiac index at rest or during exercise. However, the left ventricular end
      diastolic volume index and stroke volume index increased at rest after surgical
      correction. The estimated resting right ventricular end-diastolic volume also
      increased markedly after operation and was associated with a decrease in right
      ventricular ejection fraction. These data show no limitation in exercise cardiac
      function that could be relieved by pectus repair. However, the increase in right
      and left ventricular volume after operation suggests that some cardiac
      compression is relieved by operative repair.

PMID- 4021528
TI  - Incidence of primary tissue valve failure with the Ionescu-Shiley pericardial
      valve. Preliminary results.
AB  - This report provides retrospective follow-up data on 88 patients who received an
      Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial valve in the aortic position between August,
      1977, and June. 1980. Seven instances of primary tissue degeneration occurred in
      seven of the 65 patients followed up until June, 1984. Cumulative duration of
      follow-up was 335.5 patient-years. The linearized incidence of primary tissue
      failure was 2.08% per patient-year. The actuarial rate of freedom from valve
      failure for patients with an Ionescu-Shiley valve in aortic position was 79% +/-
      8% at 7 years of follow-up. This series shows a higher incidence of primary
      tissue failure with this prosthesis than with the glutaraldehyde-preserved
      porcine xenograft in the aortic position at 7 years' follow-up.

PMID- 4021529
TI  - Pericardial meshing: an effective method for prevention of pericardial adhesions
      and epicardial reaction after cardiac operations.
AB  - Cardiac reoperations, particularly for coronary revascularization, are becoming
      more frequent and carry increased risk of damage to the heart during
      resternotomy. We experimentally evaluated a pericardial meshing technique to
      facilitate primary pericardial closure. In 18 mongrel dogs, an 8 by 5 cm
      pericardial flap was fashioned through a left thoracotomy. A standardized
      procedure for induction of pericardial adhesions was carried out in all animals.
      Animals were divided into three groups of six animals each: Group I (control)-
      the pericardial flap was primarily resutured; Group II--the flap was meshed and
      then resutured; and Group III--the flap was replaced by a pericardial substitute.
      Animals were put to death 8 weeks postoperatively and the pericardial space was
      examined for adhesions and epicardial reaction. The extent of adhesions and
      epicardial reaction was graded as: 0--none; 1--minimal; 2--moderate; and 3-
      severe. Both in Group I and Group III severe pericardial adhesions (grade 2-3)
      and epicardial reactions (grade 2-3) were formed, which obscured the underlying
      coronary anatomy. In Group II pericardial adhesions and epicardial reactions were
      none to minimal (grade 0-1) and the underlying coronary anatomy was not obscured.
      The meshed pericardium was completely regenerated by normal pericardium within
      several weeks. This study demonstrates that pericardial meshing facilitates
      primary tension-free pericardial closure. Free drainage of intrapericardial blood
      is achieved. A complete anatomic layer between heart and sternum is restored.
      Pericardial meshing is superior to the pericardial substitutes examined, as
      adhesions and epicardial reactions are significantly reduced, and the coronary
      anatomy is readily identifiable.

PMID- 4021530
TI  - Pathophysiology of chronic cyanosis in a canine model. Functional and metabolic
      response to global ischemia.
AB  - To investigate the pathophysiology of chronic cyanosis, we subjected 14 adult
      mongrel dogs to diversion of the inferior vena cava to the right inferior
      pulmonary vein. This produced a mean oxygen tension of 42 +/- 2 mm Hg and a
      calculated right-to-left shunt of 52.0% +/- 3.9%. These animals (Group C) and 15
      normal dogs (Group N) were subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass with 20 minutes of
      normothermic global ischemia. Functional indices studied were rate of rise of
      left ventricular pressure and the end-systolic pressure/volume ratio. Metabolic
      status was assessed by obtaining transmural myocardial biopsy specimens for
      measurement of adenosine triphosphate content. Myocardial blood flow was measured
      with radiolabeled microspheres. There were no significant differences between
      Group C and Group N in either functional index or blood flow measurement prior to
      global ischemia. At 45 minutes after ischemia, Group N animals had a
      significantly greater rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (at a left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mm Hg, p less than 0.025
      to 0.05) and subendocarial perfusion (endocardial/epicardial flow ratio 0.961 +/-
      0.037 versus 0.815 +/- 0.021, p less than 0.01). At 90 minutes after ischemia,
      Group N animals exhibited a significantly higher end-systolic pressure/volume
      ratio (4.9 +/- 0.7 versus 3.0 +/- 0.4 mm Hg/ml, p less than 0.05), rate of rise
      of left ventricular pressure (at an end-diastolic pressure of 0 to 20 mm Hg, p
      less than 0.005 to 0.05), and endocardial/epicardial flow ratio (1.065 +/- 0.046
      versus 0.829 +/- 0.059, p less than 0.01). No differences in adenosine
      triphosphate content were found at any sampling period. The Group C left
      ventricles exhibited no hypertrophy but were significantly dilated compared to
      Group N (38.8 +/- 0.3 versus 30.1 +/- 0.2 mm, p less than 0.05). Inferior vena
      cava to pulmonary vein diversion produces cyanosis with left ventricular
      dilatation but without hypertrophy. It is proposed that abnormal loading
      characteristics of the left ventricle are responsible for the functional
      derangements that result from global ischemia.

PMID- 4021531
TI  - The landmarks to the atrioventricular conduction system in hearts with absence or
      unroofing of the coronary sinus.
AB  - Histologic studies were made of the conduction system of two hearts, one with
      absence and the other unroofing of the coronary sinus. The findings show that,
      when present, the triangle of Koch and the orifice of the coronary sinus are
      usually good guides to the atrioventricular conduction axis. However, when these
      landmarks are malformed, or there is malalignment of the atrial and ventricular
      septal structures, a better guide is the fusion point of the ventricular septum
      with the atrioventricular junction.

PMID- 4021532
TI  - Multiple-vessel coronary revascularization with combined in situ and free
      sequential internal mammary arteries.
AB  - Bilateral internal mammary arteries were used sequentially (one as an in situ
      graft to provide inflow and the other as a free graft to provide outflow) in a
      patient with multiple-vessel coronary artery disease requiring revascularization
      without an autologous venous conduit available.

PMID- 4021533
TI  - Repair of complex subvalvular aortic aneurysm with a valved conduit.
AB  - A subaortic annular aneurysm involving three fourths of the annular circumference
      was repaired with a valved conduit to which a Teflon felt flange was attached.
      This unique prosthetic repair assured a strong stable repair and uncompromised
      coronary flow otherwise unobtainable with previously described repairs.

PMID- 4021535
TI  - Bypass grafting in patients with renal failure.

PMID- 4021534
TI  - Thymolipoma in association with Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Thymolipomas are rare mediastinal tumors. They have been described with a variety
      of systemic diseases. To our knowledge they have never been described in
      association with Hodgkin's disease. The significance of this association is
      unknown.

PMID- 4021537
TI  - Management of caval obstruction from pericardial baffles.

PMID- 4021536
TI  - Packaging of a 25 mm synthetic aortic prosthesis as a 23 mm valve.

PMID- 4021538
TI  - Intraoperative assessment of the reconstructed mitral valve.

PMID- 4021539
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of protamine sulfate.

PMID- 4021540
TI  - Simultaneous development of humoral and cellular tumor-specific immunity against
      L1210 mouse leukemia.
AB  - We have recently described that a variant of L1210 leukemia cell (L1210/LN-1)
      originally fused with Lesch-Nyhan fibroblast is highly immunogenic for inducing
      tumor-specific transplantation immunity in (BALB/cxDBA/2)F1 mice. This finding
      has clearly been confirmed in the present study by in-vitro cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity assay. Direct cytotoxic tests and competitive inhibition tests using
      tumor cells such as P388, LS-1 and L5178Y as target or inhibitor cells showed
      that the cell-mediated immunity is specific to L1210 leukemia. In the process of
      this study, we found that the CD2F1 mice hyperimmune to L1210 leukemia cells
      developed co-existing humoral anti-L1210 leukemia immunity. In an in vitro
      complement-dependent cytotoxicity test and absorption test, antisera from
      hyperimmune mice reacted specifically to L1210 leukemia cells, but not other
      tumor cells such as P388, L5178Y, LS-1, DB27C and BW5147 or normal cells from
      various tissues of DBA/2, BALB/c and AKR mice. In an in vitro cytotoxicity
      blocking test, the cytotoxic antisera specifically reactive to L1210 cells
      totally failed to inhibit lysis of L1210 cells by cytotoxic cells, suggesting
      that antigens recognized by cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays are not identical
      to serologically defined tumor-cell surface antigens.

PMID- 4021541
TI  - Microbubble detection during cardiopulmonary bypass for open-heart surgery.

PMID- 4021542
TI  - Short papers from the XIth Congress of the European Society for Artificial
      Organs, September 1984.

PMID- 4021543
TI  - Haemodynamics during arterio-arterial extracorporeal circulation in the dog.

PMID- 4021544
TI  - Entamoeba polecki infection in Southeast Asian refugees: multiple cases of a
      rarely reported parasite.
AB  - Recently, Entamoeba polecki was identified for the first time in our parasitology
      laboratory in stool specimens from eight Southeast Asian refugees. This ameba has
      been reported infrequently in the Western world; most reported cases have been
      from the New Guinea region. In most previously described patients and in our
      patients, no definite gastrointestinal symptoms could be directly attributed to
      E. polecki infection. Morphologically, E. polecki may mimic the pathogen E.
      histolytica and also nonpathogens such as E. coli. These species are most readily
      distinguished by studying encysted forms. In contrast to E. histolytica and E.
      coli, E. polecki characteristically has uninucleate cysts. Both pigs and monkeys
      naturally harbor E. polecki, but four of the patients in this series had no
      apparent contact with these animals. Other modes of infection may be human-to
      human transmission or acquisition from other domestic animals. Six of our eight
      patients were treated successfully with one course of metronidazole in a regimen
      similar to that used for E. histolytica infection. In the two other patients,
      repeated courses of therapy eradicated the infection. Because of the recent
      increase in number of Southeast Asian immigrants to the United States, E. polecki
      may be identified more frequently than in the past. Physicians and laboratory
      personnel should be familiar with this organism, because it may be confused with
      E. histolytica or may act as a pathogen.

PMID- 4021545
TI  - Stroke after temporal artery biopsy.

PMID- 4021546
TI  - Cardiac sarcoidosis: a potentially treatable form of myocarditis.
AB  - A 39-year-old woman had a 2-year history of heart block, which had necessitated
      pacemaker implantation, and a 6-month history of heart failure. Endomyocardial
      biopsy specimens initially revealed lymphocytic myocarditis but subsequently
      showed giant cell myocarditis. She died suddenly, and autopsy disclosed extensive
      cardiac sarcoidosis with minimal extracardiac involvement. Cardiac sarcoidosis
      may be difficult to diagnose clinically because the extent of cardiac and the
      extent of extracardiac involvement tend to be inversely related. Endomyocardial
      biopsy may be helpful in diagnosing such cases.

PMID- 4021547
TI  - Chemical dependence among adolescents.

PMID- 4021548
TI  - Treatment of severe nephrotic syndrome with meclofenamate: an uncontrolled pilot
      study.
AB  - The effect of meclofenamate on urinary protein excretion, level of serum albumin,
      and renal function was studied prospectively in 30 patients with corticosteroid
      resistant severe nephrotic syndrome: 16 with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,
      12 with membranous glomerulopathy, and 2 with minimal-lesion nephropathy.
      Seventeen patients had a 40% or more reduction in urinary protein excretion
      ("responders"), and the decrease continued during long-term treatment.
      Meclofenamate therapy was discontinued after 2 months in eight "nonresponders"
      and in five other patients because of side effects (progressive increase in the
      level of serum creatinine in two, diarrhea in two, and pruritus in one). In
      responders, we recorded the following findings (mean +/- SD): urinary protein
      excretion decreased from 13.0 +/- 5.2 g/24 h to 7.2 +/- 3.5 g/24 h in 2 to 4
      weeks and continued to decrease to 4.1 +/- 1.4 g/24 h at the time of the last
      follow-up study (median duration, 12 months; range, 6 to 36 months; P less than
      0.01, 2 to 4 weeks versus later follow-up); the level of serum albumin increased
      from 1.9 +/- 0.5 g/dl to 2.9 +/- 0.7 g/dl (P less than 0.001) in 2 to 4 weeks;
      the level of serum cholesterol decreased from 413 +/- 125 mg/dl to 346 +/- 114
      mg/dl (P less than 0.005) at the time of the last follow-up examination; and
      renal function remained unchanged from the baseline study to the follow-up study
      (serum creatinine 1.5 +/- 0.5 mg/dl versus 1.6 +/- 0.4 mg/dl and glomerular
      filtration rate 60.5 +/- 29.2 ml/min per 1.7 m2 versus 64.1 +/- 25.5 ml/min per
      1.7 m2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4021549
TI  - A rapid, sensitive assay for analyzing defects in metabolism of steroids in
      normal and diseased human tissues.
AB  - In this report, we describe a simple, rapid biopsy-steroid metabolism assay that
      is applicable to any steroid tissue system. It consists of mincing the sample,
      tissue culture incubation, extraction of the steroids and their metabolites from
      the tissue, and fractionation of the metabolites by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). Radioimmunoassay is used to verify the elution patterns of
      certain steroids. Studies of the metabolism of [3H]progesterone in the avian
      oviduct showed the generation of metabolites that eluted from the HPLC system in
      a pattern similar to androgens, estrogens, and glucocorticoids. Studies of the
      metabolism of [3H]testosterone in the human foreskin showed the production of
      metabolites that eluted from the HPLC system similar to 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione (androstanedione) from the
      parent [3H]testosterone. In the production of the metabolite that eluted as
      androstanedione in samples of foreskin from normal subjects, a significant (P
      less than 0.001) correlation was found with the age of the donor. Preliminary
      studies of patients with hypospadias showed a significant (P less than 0.005)
      decrease in the production of "androstanedione" compared with that in normal
      subjects. Because of the wide range in rates of metabolism of testosterone in the
      patients with hypospadias, the effect of age does not seem to be the sole
      determinant of a low rate of metabolism in these patients. Some samples of
      hypospadias foreskin had a decreased rate of production of a metabolite that
      eluted as dihydrotestosterone in comparison with normal foreskin, even when the
      age of the donor was considered. The assay described herein should be applicable
      to any surgical biopsy specimen and to all steroids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4021550
TI  - Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity: report of two cases associated with rapidly
      progressive fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome after pulmonary
      angiography.
AB  - Use of amiodarone, an investigational antidysrhythmic agent, has been associated
      with cases of pulmonary toxicity. The mechanism of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity
      is unknown, and recommendations for the assessment and treatment of patients with
      this condition continue to evolve. In two patients with clinically diagnosed
      amiodarone pulmonary toxicity, a rapidly progressive and fatal adult respiratory
      distress syndrome developed after pulmonary angiography. Physicians should be
      aware of the potential for serious complications of pulmonary angiography in
      patients with presumed or clinically diagnosed amiodarone toxicity.

PMID- 4021552
TI  - Selection and training of physicians at Mayo Medical School for the 21st century.

PMID- 4021551
TI  - Effect of resection of the sternum and manubrium in conjunction with muscle
      transposition on pulmonary function.
AB  - We recorded the changes in pulmonary function that occurred after removal of the
      sternum and manubrium and repair by pectoralis major muscle transposition in six
      patients. Of these patients, three had osteomyelitis of the manubrium and
      sternum, two had osteosarcoma of the sternum, and one had osteomyelitis and
      radionecrosis of the manubrium and sternum. Body plethysmography and the
      rebreathing, hypercapnic ventilatory response test with inductive
      plethysmographic recordings of chest-wall motion were performed preoperatively
      and postoperatively. Preoperatively, four of the six patients had evidence of
      mild to moderate chest-wall restriction. Pulmonary function was normal in the
      other two patients. Postoperatively, total lung capacity was unchanged but the
      vital capacity decreased 11.5% in the overall group. Static compliance,
      retractive force, and the steady-state diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
      decreased modestly but significantly postoperatively. The expiratory flow rates
      and maximal voluntary ventilation remained unchanged. Preoperatively, the slope
      of the hypercapnic ventilatory response was less than that predicted.
      Postoperatively, the slope did not change. In three patients, however, increased
      dependence on the abdomen for breathing suggested a dynamic restriction of rib
      cage motion. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that surgical removal of
      the sternum and manubrium in conjunction with muscle flap repair is a well
      tolerated procedure. Any postoperative changes in pulmonary function are minor.

PMID- 4021553
TI  - Relationship of body temperature stability to mortality in aging mice.
AB  - An age-related decline in the capacity for thermoregulation among homeothermic
      animals has been observed frequently under conditions of extreme ambient
      temperatures. We investigated the temporal stability of the internal body
      temperature of 69 C57BL/6J mice from 25 months of age until death in a
      controlled, neutral thermal environment. Estimates of temporal variability were
      calculated over consecutive 1-month intervals using (colonic) body temperature
      data collected weekly. The results of this longitudinal analysis indicated that
      the regulation of body temperature, as measured by its temporal stability, became
      increasingly less precise with advancing age. Body temperature exhibited a
      significant decline as the animal approached death. Individual differences in
      body temperature and the temporal regulation of body temperature were
      significantly correlated with lifespan, although the direction of the relations
      were opposite. Body temperature correlated positively with lifespan, whereas the
      temporal stability of body temperature correlated negatively with lifespan. Thus,
      animals exhibiting higher body temperatures and greater temporal stability also
      tended to live longer than their cohorts.

PMID- 4021554
TI  - Effect of lead on fibroblasts taken from an 84-year-old donor.
AB  - Human, diploid fibroblasts from an 84-year-old donor (AlPos) were used to study
      the effect of 20, 40 and 80 micrograms/100 ml concentrations of lead on in vitro
      senescence. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the
      number of total population doublings due to the treatment with lead. However,
      there was no significant difference between the effects of the three
      concentrations of lead. As far as nucleolar number is concerned in the case of
      the controls as well as in the lead-treated cells the number remained constant
      with aging in vitro. When the areas and dry mass of cells, nuclei and nucleoli
      were examined in controls and lead-treated groups at early and late doublings the
      results showed that in general no significant changes were noted with the
      exception of the 40 micrograms/100 ml lead treatment which caused a significant
      increase in these parameters with aging in vitro. The results are discussed and
      compared to those from a previous study [17] in which embryonic, IMR-90 cells
      were treated in a similar way. It is concluded that the fibroblasts from the 84
      year-old donor AlPos are even more vulnerable than the embryonic cells to the
      effects of lead as indicated by the drastic curtailment of the in vitro lifespan
      exhibited in the case of treatment even with the lowest concentration of
      lead.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4021555
TI  - Changes in endogenous DNA damage in aging mice in response to butylated
      hydroxyanisole and oltipraz.
AB  - The extent of DNA damage (single strand breaks) was measured in the livers of
      female Swiss-Webster mice up to 24 months of age. The effects of the antioxidants
      butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and oltipraz on this DNA damage were also
      measured. Oltipraz is an antioxidant which is structurally related to compounds
      found in cruciferous vegetables. From 6 months on the extent of DNA damage
      increased, reaching a maximum about 18 months old. Limited administration of both
      BHA and oltipraz to mice significantly reduced the levels of hepatic DNA damage.

PMID- 4021556
TI  - A mathematical analysis of aging influences on enzyme deactivation/activation
      kinetics. Examples of the influence of regional brain development and drugs in
      rats.
AB  - A series-type enzyme deactivation/activation model involving active enzyme states
      is utilized to theoretically quantify the influence of regional brain development
      and drugs on enzyme activity levels in rats. Continuous hexachlorobenzene
      administration with, or without, phenobarbitone pretreatment has different
      effects on the deactivation/activation kinetics of porphyrinogen carboxylase,
      delta-aminolaevulinate synthase and delta-aminolaevulinate dehydratase. The
      deactivation/activation kinetics exhibited by pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate
      synthase, and D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase during the development of the
      medulla oblongata, mid-brain, striatum, and hypothalamus sections exhibit
      similarities as well as discrepancies. These are identified and made more
      quantitative.

PMID- 4021557
TI  - Effect of thymus grafts of various ages on the immune system formation in CBA
      mice.
AB  - An attempt has been made to govern the development of immunological capability in
      CBA mice by means of transplantation at an early postnatal period of thymus from
      donors of various ages. The results have shown that in thymectomized animals,
      apart from a well known gradual decline with the donor's age in restorative
      functions of the transplanted thymus, there was at the age of 22 months a phase
      of inhibitory influence on the recipient's immune system. In intact animals,
      transplantation of the thymus from a 5-day-old donor caused a decrease and that
      from a 22-month-old donor caused an increase in the development of the capacity
      for immune response. Taken together, our findings indicate an active role of the
      thymus both in the formation of the immune system and in its alteration with
      aging.

PMID- 4021558
TI  - Food restriction, ionizing radiation, and natural selection.
AB  - It is proposed that the allocation of energy in the animal body is modulated
      automatically by the endocrine system which through one or more centers responds
      directly to the oxygen radical flux (or an appropriate surrogate) derived from
      the metabolism of the ingested food. It is also proposed that energy to maintain
      temperature as well as reproduction and the reproductive capacity are the main
      sources of oxygen radicals that may be the direct cause of aging. Energy used for
      gathering food, resisting predators, play (i.e., most voluntary muscle action),
      contributes little to aging. The diversion of energy from basal metabolism and
      reproduction to muscular work when demanded by reduced food supply should,
      therefore, lead to an increased lifespan potential and an increased variance in
      the lifespan of a population. The change in variance favors production of
      offspring with longer lifespans, lower reproductive and basal metabolic rates and
      larger size potential. The reverse process occurs when food becomes abundant. The
      introduction into the body of oxyradicals, as by whole body irradiation with X or
      gamma rays should, therefore, mimic the ingestion of extra food and result in
      similar changes. At low radiation exposures the results are seen as seemingly
      beneficial (hormetic) effects in animals. It is shown here that some human
      populations seem to show evidence of the described adaptation to differences in
      food supply.

PMID- 4021560
TI  - Programmed aging or error catastrophe? An examination by two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - We have examined newly synthesized proteins in the young adult and in older
      populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE). A temperature-sensitive mutant
      strain, DH26, with a mean life span of about 15 days, under our conditions, was
      used to block progeny development. Nematodes of several different ages were pulse
      labeled for 5 h, in vivo, with 35S-labeled E. coli, A subsequent 30-min chase
      with unlabeled E. coli served to rid the worms of endogenous labeled E. coli
      proteins. We resolve 700 or more proteins by 2D PAGE polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of extracts of young nematodes. The patterns of these proteins
      are highly reproducible in comparisons of independent repeats of identical
      experiments. No new major proteins are synthesized at any time during the adult
      phase (4-22 days) nor are any of the most abundant proteins not made during this
      period. At our level of detectability (estimated as a satellite spot containing
      4% of the amount of label in a major spot) we see no misincorporation of
      radioactive amino acids into newly synthesized proteins. These data are
      inconsistent with predictions by any one of several, so called, "error
      catastrophe" models of senescence and also show that modulation of the highest
      abundancy classes of proteins are also not involved in senescence.

PMID- 4021559
TI  - Membrane glycoprotein changes during the senescence of normal human diploid
      fibroblasts in culture.
AB  - The plasma membrane is intimately involved in a variety of cellular phenomena and
      may play an important role in the aging of human cells in culture. Significant
      differences in human diploid fibroblast surface glycoproteins were observed with
      in vitro aging. Senescent cells bound more concanavalin A (Con A) than young
      cells and exhibited two distinct classes of binding sites. Cell surfaces of
      senescent cells incorporated less labelled mannose and more labelled fucose and
      glucosamine than young cell surfaces. Membranes prepared from older cells were
      also less effective than membrane preparations from young cells in incorporating
      mannose from GDP-mannose into a group of oligolipid intermediates, required for
      the synthesis of glycoproteins with asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. These
      results demonstrate novel quantitative changes in membrane structure and lectin
      reactivity in aging human diploid fibroblasts, which must reflect the fundamental
      physiological modifications in the cell that occur during senescence.

PMID- 4021561
TI  - On the ontogeny of aldolase isozymes and their interactions with cellular
      structure.
AB  - In an endeavour to extend the available information on the biological
      significance of the interactions between aldolase and cellular ultrastructure,
      the extent of association has been studied in the tissues of the mouse during the
      major stages of development from embryo to adult. Analysis of the isozyme status
      in these compartments and the latency of the enzyme during tissue differentiation
      was also effected. In all tissues investigated, a considerable variation in the
      degree of association of aldolase with structure was evident during development.
      Binding was particularly extensive in the early embryonic stages, but regardless
      of the tissue or the stage of differentiation, binding preference was directed
      towards A-type activity over the B- and C-type of enzyme. Substantial latent
      activity of aldolase was evident only in brain in the postnatal stages of
      development, and not in the other tissues or early stages of ontogeny. The
      significance of these ontogenic phenomena have been discussed, along with the
      physiological variations in individual tissues during maturation.

PMID- 4021562
TI  - Evidence for age-dependent impairment of ovalbumin heterogeneous nuclear RNA
      (HnRNA) processing in hen oviduct.
AB  - The expression of the ovalbumin gene in hen oviduct decreases during ageing.
      Northern transfer of electrophoretically fractionated total RNA from oviducts of
      mature egg-laying and old non-egg-laying hens, and hybridization to nick
      translated plasmid pOV230 (ovalbumin complementary DNA cloned into pMB9) revealed
      with age increasing concentrations of distinct high-molecular-weight ovalbumin
      pre-mRNA species as compared with that of functional 18S ovalbumin mRNA. The
      accumulation of ovalbumin sequence-containing processing intermediates in old hen
      oviducts indicates lowered rates of RNA splicing and/or altered steady state
      concentrations of splicing intermediates during post-transcriptional maturation
      of heterogeneous nuclear RNA in old animals.

PMID- 4021563
TI  - Continuous measurement of aortic radius change in vivo with an intra-aortic
      ultrasonic catheter.

PMID- 4021564
TI  - Small-computer procedure for optimal filtering of haemodynamic data.

PMID- 4021565
TI  - A microprocessor-electrocardiograph.

PMID- 4021566
TI  - Beat-to-beat interval measurement in the electrocardiogram.

PMID- 4021567
TI  - Theoretical assessment of the effect of flow maldistributions on the mass
      transfer efficiency of artificial organs.

PMID- 4021568
TI  - Estimation of the ligaments' role in maintaining foot stability using a kinematic
      model.

PMID- 4021569
TI  - Selective activation of muscles using peripheral nerve electrodes.

PMID- 4021570
TI  - New transcutaneous pO2 probe based on mass spectrometry with low stirring effect.

PMID- 4021571
TI  - Wet-wedge spirometer for the accurate continuous measurement of ventilation under
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 4021572
TI  - Automated laser light scattering system for assessment of sperm motility.

PMID- 4021573
TI  - Calibration of dZ/dt in impedance plethysmography.

PMID- 4021574
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation threshold in the dog determined with defibrillating
      paddles.

PMID- 4021575
TI  - Isolating the Medelec RS232 data interface.

PMID- 4021576
TI  - Use of feedback with voltage regulators for implants powered by coupled coils.

PMID- 4021577
TI  - Determinants of market share for a hospital's services.
AB  - This study identifies and analyzes factors under a hospital's control that can
      affect its market share. The study, utilizing the Multiplicative Competitive
      Interaction model, specifically focuses on determining the market share for each
      hospital within a geographic area, as opposed to the total demand for hospital
      services within an area. The results indicate that the effect of the number of
      physician affiliations on hospital patient share is statistically significant.
      The article investigates the variables that affect the level of physician
      affiliation. Besides physician affiliation, hospital location, a PROFILE factor
      based on a composite of a number of variables, and the proportion of affiliated
      physicians who are not affiliated elsewhere have a significant impact on each
      hospital's market share. The variables examined resulted in an R2 = 0.901 for
      individual hospital patient market share.

PMID- 4021578
TI  - Measurement of physician performance by standardized patients. Refining
      techniques for undetected entry in physicians' offices.
AB  - The article describes the development of methods to use live simulated patients
      for assessment of quality of care of primary physicians. Methods used to train
      patients and achieve undetected entry into physicians' practices are described.
      The study demonstrated that patients can be entered into practices with a low
      rate of detection (13%) and that they are able to recall the details of the
      encounter with a high degree of reliability.

PMID- 4021579
TI  - The rate of adoption of new procedures among physicians. The impact of specialty
      and practice characteristics.
AB  - Four hundred eighty-four physicians were surveyed on the number of new procedures
      they adopted during a 1-year period. Clear differences were found among
      specialties. A simultaneous statistical analysis of factors affecting the
      adoption of new procedures yielded a number of additional significant
      relationships. Up to an age of approximately 50 years, age has an increasing
      impact on the number of new procedures adopted by physicians. Beyond that age, it
      has a decreasing effect. Board certified physicians tend to adopt more new
      procedures than physicians who are not board certified. Among those physicians in
      nonurban locations, those in solo practice adopt significantly fewer procedures
      than those in other practice modes. The implications of these findings for such
      issues as the rising costs of health care and physician reimbursement systems are
      discussed.

PMID- 4021580
TI  - The impact of social stressors and social networks on pediatric medical care use.
AB  - Substantial differences in the use of pediatric medical resources reinforce the
      need for identifying and understanding factors that influence the use of medical
      services for children. This research assesses the simultaneous impact of
      sociodemographic characteristics, health attitudes and beliefs, psychologic
      distress, social stressors, and social networks on the use of pediatric acute
      care services during a 12-month period. Using a prospective longitudinal study
      design, data were obtained on 513 children and their families enrolled in a
      prepaid group practice. Linear modeling results showed that health attitudes and
      social networks were important predictors of acute care utilization in addition
      to child's age, birth order, baseline health status, and ethnic group. The
      authors were able to show significant effects for network size, dispersion, and
      tendency to use one's network members. Individuals with large nondispersed
      networks are more likely to use pediatric health services, apparently due to the
      transmission of the networks' pro-medical care health beliefs. Also the tendency
      to call on network members modifies an individual's propensity to seek care for
      minor pediatric medical problems and can make a difference by as much as 1.6
      visits per year per child for acute care episodes.

PMID- 4021581
TI  - Drug choice as a problem-solving process.
AB  - A model of the drug prescribing process, which incorporates prescribers' personal
      values about treatment outcomes and beliefs about treatment effects, was tested
      under actual clinical conditions. Forty physicians were given two fictional case
      histories and six disguised case histories of patients whom they had recently
      treated for hypertension or maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. The physicians
      completed questionnaires based on each case history that measured 1) the beliefs
      about the probability that seven treatment-related outcomes would result from the
      prescribing of several alternative treatments and 2) the values placed on each
      outcome. The physicians were also asked, in an open-ended question, how they
      would treat the patient described in the case. The 40 physicians proposed 172
      drug treatments that corresponded to treatment alternatives for which beliefs
      about treatment effects had been measured. The model correctly predicted 1)
      prescribing intent in 81% of hypertension cases and in 87% of the diabetes cases
      and 2) actual prescribing in 76% of hypertension cases and in 70% of the diabetes
      cases, significantly more than would be expected at random (P less than 0.01).
      The prescribing model appears useful for predicting drug choices for the
      outpatient treatment of hypertension and diabetes by resident physicians.

PMID- 4021582
TI  - [Transtelephonic electrocardiography: an alternative to the Holter system].

PMID- 4021583
TI  - [Transtelephonic electrocardiography].

PMID- 4021584
TI  - [Fibromuscular dysplasia of the carotid: an infrequent localization. Presentation
      of a case].

PMID- 4021585
TI  - [Medical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma].

PMID- 4021586
TI  - [Leukocytoclastic vasculitis as the initial manifestation of rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 4021587
TI  - [Cryoglobulinemia: various considerations on its study and evaluation].

PMID- 4021588
TI  - [Remarks on the treatment of streptococcal endocarditis].

PMID- 4021589
TI  - [The Committee of Nosocomial Pathology].

PMID- 4021590
TI  - [Intestinal malabsorption syndrome as the presenting form of chronic intestinal
      ischemia].

PMID- 4021591
TI  - [Livedo reticularis and cerebral vascular accidents: Sneddon syndrome].

PMID- 4021592
TI  - [Infection by delta agent in drug addicts].

PMID- 4021593
TI  - [Dynamic exercise and arterial hypertension. Evaluation of the behavior of mild
      and moderate-severe hypertensive patients].

PMID- 4021594
TI  - [Bacteremia caused by intravascular percutaneous cannulas].

PMID- 4021595
TI  - [Acromegaly and empty sella turcica].

PMID- 4021596
TI  - [A 75-year-old male with asthenia, anorexia, weight loss and a retroperitoneal
      mass].

PMID- 4021597
TI  - [Malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis: clinical presentation as a single pelvic
      mass].

PMID- 4021598
TI  - [Legionnaires' disease in Seville].

PMID- 4021600
TI  - [Trends in drug utilization in Valladolid and the province].

PMID- 4021599
TI  - [Prevalence of serum markers of hepatitis A and B viruses in Andalusian
      homosexual men].

PMID- 4021601
TI  - [Declaration of tuberculosis and consumption of tuberculostatics in the provinces
      of Leon and Valladolid].

PMID- 4021602
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of penbutolol (Hoe, 893 d) (beta adrenergic blockader),
      alone and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, in the treatment of arterial
      hypertension. I: Effect on arterial hypertension. Comparative study of 2 parallel
      groups with crossed sequences by the simple-blind method].

PMID- 4021603
TI  - [Treatment of non-complicated gonococcal infection with 500 mg de cefotaxime].

PMID- 4021604
TI  - [Vacation camps for diabetic children].

PMID- 4021605
TI  - [Gammagraphic localization of pheochromocytoma with (131I) meta
      iodobencylguanidine].

PMID- 4021607
TI  - [Toxic oil syndrome and autoimmunity].

PMID- 4021606
TI  - [Detection by analysis of dispersion of x-ray energy of silicone particles in the
      liver of a patient in a dialysis program].

PMID- 4021608
TI  - [Immunologic considerations of toxic oil syndrome].

PMID- 4021609
TI  - [Drainage of neoplastic pleuropericardial effusion].

PMID- 4021610
TI  - [Chondrocalcinosis and hypophysis insufficiency].

PMID- 4021611
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a homosexual male with tuberculosis
      and medullary hyperplasia].

PMID- 4021612
TI  - [Folic acid deficiency caused by chronic anticonvulsive treatment. Analysis in a
      series of 100 epileptic patients].

PMID- 4021613
TI  - [Giant cell arteritis. Multicenter study of 100 cases with positive biopsies].

PMID- 4021614
TI  - [The problem of human scorpion stings (Bunthus occitanus) in the province of
      Cordoba].

PMID- 4021615
TI  - [Giant cell arteritis: therapeutic perspectives].

PMID- 4021616
TI  - [Medical histology].

PMID- 4021617
TI  - [Inadequate antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome associated with acute
      pneumonia. Considerations on diagnostic methods].

PMID- 4021618
TI  - [Toxic encephalopathy caused by enterobacteria. Its possible relation to
      hyperammonemia and hypophosphatemia].

PMID- 4021619
TI  - [Dosage of slow-release theophyllines: analysis of plasma levels].

PMID- 4021620
TI  - [Acalculous cholecystitis and drug addiction].

PMID- 4021621
TI  - [The fallacy of glycosylated hemoglobin].

PMID- 4021622
TI  - [Hypercalcemia and pancreatitis].

PMID- 4021623
TI  - [Pelvic lipomatosis and thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. Presentation of a
      case and review of the literature].

PMID- 4021625
TI  - [Interictal psychopathologic manifestations in epileptics].

PMID- 4021624
TI  - [Borreliosis: description of 4 cases].

PMID- 4021626
TI  - [Febrile syndrome caused by giant angiofollicular hyperplasia].

PMID- 4021628
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma].

PMID- 4021627
TI  - [9 cases of Merkel cell tumor published in the Spanish literature].

PMID- 4021629
TI  - [Treatment of bone hydatidosis with mebendazole].

PMID- 4021630
TI  - [Secondary effects of prolonged levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 4021631
TI  - [Eosinophils in the broncho-alveolar lavage of diffuse interstitial lung
      diseases].

PMID- 4021632
TI  - [Alcoholism in the general hospital. Epidemiologic study].

PMID- 4021633
TI  - [Generalized morphea: systemic aspects of a skin disease. Description of 12 cases
      and review of the literature].

PMID- 4021634
TI  - [Etiology of non-hospital pneumonias].

PMID- 4021635
TI  - [Prevention of tetanus].

PMID- 4021636
TI  - [The where, when, and how of care outside the hospital].

PMID- 4021637
TI  - [A high-priority necessity, an unavoidable obligation: the adequate prevention of
      tetanus].

PMID- 4021638
TI  - [The ecological view of pharmacology and antimicrobial therapy].

PMID- 4021639
TI  - [Neurogenic diabetes insipidus and DIDMOAD].

PMID- 4021640
TI  - [Anti-HBc IgM in HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis].

PMID- 4021641
TI  - [Hoigne syndrome. Description of 2 cases].

PMID- 4021642
TI  - The use of computers and statistics in toxicology.

PMID- 4021643
TI  - Computers in toxicology--a perspective view.

PMID- 4021645
TI  - The integration of modern computer technologies for effective toxicological data
      handling.

PMID- 4021644
TI  - An interactive system for management of toxicology and teratology studies in
      laboratory animals.

PMID- 4021646
TI  - The use of computers in the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to store
      information on industrial chemicals.

PMID- 4021647
TI  - Use of a data base management system for handling toxicity assessments of
      chemical materials in a motor company.

PMID- 4021648
TI  - Non-linear regression techniques in data analysis.

PMID- 4021649
TI  - The use of computers and statistics in toxicology. Technical notes.

PMID- 4021650
TI  - Normolipemic activities of acrylophenone derivatives with antimicrotubular
      properties.
AB  - Acrylophenone derivatives with in vitro antimicrotubular activities very similar
      to those of colchicine were tested on Triton WR 1339-induced hyperlipidemia in
      rats. They exhibit high normolipemic activity on plasmatic apolipoproteins AI and
      B, contrasting with inactivity on plasmatic lipids and lipoproteins.

PMID- 4021651
TI  - Resistance to competitive neuromuscular blocking agents in burn patients: a
      review.
AB  - The quantitative and qualitative aspects of the phenomenon of resistance to
      competitive (non-depolarizing) neuromuscular blocking agents in burn patients are
      described. The correlates and temporal features of this resistance are discussed,
      in addition to therapeutic approaches and the possible mechanisms underlying the
      resistance.

PMID- 4021652
TI  - Monovalent cations transfer through isolated human amnion: a new pharmacological
      model.
AB  - Transfer of monovalent cation through the isolated human amnion consists of
      different factors: paracellular, coupling, ATPase dependent cellular transfer,
      leak cellular transfer. Understanding this transfer permits testing of the action
      of various substances. Physiological substances (Mg, taurine) increase ionic
      transfer and there is a vicarious effect between Mg and taurine. The tocolytic
      agents MgSO4 and ethanol do not exhibit a good effect on the transfer: decrease
      with ethanol; equality between entry and exit fluxes with MgSO4. On the other
      hand, amphotericin B increases mother-to-fetus transfer. Polluting metals (Pb,
      Cd, Hg, As) dramatically reduce exchanges and almost completely inhibit amnion
      permeability. Ingestion of ethanol also exhibits a dramatic effect on the
      exchange between mother and fetus through the amnion. Study of ionic transfer in
      vitro can be considered a pharmacological model to investigate the modifications
      of mother-fetus exchanges by various substances.

PMID- 4021653
TI  - Simple method for prediction and estimation of the hemodialysability of
      incorporated drugs.
AB  - This paper describes a simple method for measuring the hemodialysability of
      incorporated drugs, including mathematical equations. The method furnishes
      preliminary drug data in early phase I investigation. Relevance of the obtained
      results is shown by comparison with the established literature.

PMID- 4021654
TI  - [Endocrine ophthalmopathy and autoimmune thyroid diseases].

PMID- 4021655
TI  - [The functional result of an ileal reservoir with ileoanal anastomosis].

PMID- 4021656
TI  - [Fatal aplastic anemia after acetazolamide therapy].

PMID- 4021657
TI  - [Functional problems with the arm after breast cancer surgery can be repaired].

PMID- 4021658
TI  - [Decreased incidence of syphilis among homosexual men as a consequence of AIDS?].

PMID- 4021659
TI  - [Hypercalcemia and kidney function disorders after abuse of antacids].

PMID- 4021660
TI  - [Psychiatric handicaps in childhood--occurrence, diagnosis and analysis].

PMID- 4021661
TI  - [Compression therapy after acute venous thrombosis of the leg. Good results with
      a teamwork model].

PMID- 4021662
TI  - [Retrospective cohort study shows: total low mortality among stevedores but an
      increasingly high risk for cancer morbidity].

PMID- 4021663
TI  - [Ambulatory ophthalmologic care in Lund 1976-1983: redistribution made resources
      available for new needs].

PMID- 4021665
TI  - [Surgical treatment of colonic ileus caused by stenosing colonic carcinoma].

PMID- 4021664
TI  - [Histamine in tuna fish made 2 young people emergency cases].

PMID- 4021666
TI  - [Traumatic bronchial rupture].
AB  - Two cases of complete broncho-ruptures are reported. The diagnosis was
      established after admission to the clinic, the immediate dressing and
      reanastomosis of the ruptured bronchi had no essential effects on the function of
      the lungs. All parameters were in the region of the lower standard. The bronchus
      or tracheal rupture concerns mainly young patients with an elastic thorax. As
      regards older patients with a rigid thorax, this group is to a large extent prone
      to a series of fractured ribs and grave injuries of the organs. A series of
      fractured ribs in juvenile patients can be completely non-existent. It should be
      noted that the indication for a bronchoscopy is meeting with too great a reserve.
      Three quarters of all broncho-ruptures thus are not diagnosed. Even if after a
      number of years a successful reanastomosis is still possible, the functional
      detriments of delayed anastomoses are not always reversible. In the hands of a
      skilled surgeon the emergency bronchoscopy with rigid and flexible instruments is
      also possible in the case of very severely injured patients.

PMID- 4021667
TI  - [Tumors of the small intestine--diagnosis, therapy and prognosis].
AB  - Between 1965 and 1983 91 patients suffering from primary tumors of the small
      intestine underwent surgical treatment. These patients comprise 1.24% of the
      total number having gastrointestinal tumors in that period. In 33% exact
      preoperative diagnosis was set. The delay in establishing diagnosis (6.3 months)
      was due to nonspecific symptoms. The majority of patients underwent operation
      because of vital indication without former specific investigation. Benign tumors
      could be resected radically without lethality. Curative resection could be
      performed in 62.5% and palliative resection in 37.5% of malignant lesions.
      Surgical lethality was 17.8%. The most common histologic type were the
      adenocarcinoma at one side and the adenoma at the other. The 5-year-survival-rate
      for curatively resected patients ranged from 60% for carcinoids, 25% for
      carcinomas up to 20% for lymphomas. The mean survival rate for patients who
      underwent curative resection was 44.12 months, for those with palliative
      treatment 13.37 months. 18 patients, 51.4% of the curatively treated group, are
      still alive, mean follow-up time being 5 years. Rareness, challenge in diagnosis,
      surgical procedures, postoperative complications, reoperation frequency and long
      term prognosis seen from various points of view are discussed. Our study
      emphasizes the importance of thorough gastroenterologic investigation of patients
      with tumor-suspective abdominal symptoms and the eminence of explorative
      laparotomy as final diagnostic and therapeutic step as well as the postulation
      for ultimate surgical radicality.

PMID- 4021668
TI  - [Current aspects of the surgical treatment of colonic ileus caused by stenosing
      colonic carcinoma].
AB  - Formerly it was considered dangerous to undertake resection in the presence of
      colonic obstruction. This idea has been abandoned. Immediate right hemicolectomy
      is the accepted treatment for obstructed lesions of the right colon. For
      obstruction of the left colon proximal colostomy or caecostomy are being
      challenged by immediate resection as a Hartmann operation with iliac colostomy or
      finished with a colo-colonic or colo-rectal anastomosis. A subtotal colectomy
      with ileo-sigmoid or ileo-rectal anastomosis is a further method with encouraging
      experiences. From 1979-1984 a series of 33 patients with obstruction from a
      carcinoma of the left colon underwent emergency abdominal colectomy with primary
      ileosigmoidostomy or ileorectostomy without diversion. The mortality and
      morbidity was favourable compared with those reported in series of similar cases
      treated by stages procedures or primary resection. Several advantages of this
      method are explained and further encouraging experiences from other centers are
      reported.

PMID- 4021670
TI  - [Artificial materials in reconstructions of the middle ear].

PMID- 4021669
TI  - [Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in intensive care medicine--functional efficacy and
      methodological side effects].
AB  - A prospective study was performed to determine the side effects of fiberoptic
      bronchoscopy on cardiopulmonary function, the influence of bronchial lavage on
      cardiopulmonary function, and the functional efficacy of fiberoptic bronchoscopy
      in obstructive atelectasis due to retained secretions. In 17 patients
      endotracheal intubation was immediately followed by a significant (P less than
      0.01) rise in arterial, pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure,
      heart rate, and cardiac output. There were no statistically significant
      differences in arterial blood gases and intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt. Two
      patients showed circulatory changes indicative of a heart insufficiency on the
      left side. A significant increase (P less than 0.001) in intrapulmonary right-to
      left shunt from 12% to 17.5%, a significant decline in arterial oxygen tension of
      15 mm Hg, and a significant increase of cardiac output from 6.4 to 7.71/min
      following saline solution lavage (20 ml in each bronchus) were observed in nine
      patients. The results indicate that bronchial lavage is the essential mechanism
      for the decline in arterial oxygen tension induced by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. In
      patients with unstable cardiopulmonary status, the cardiovascular response during
      bronchoscopy may be hazardous and the bronchoscopist should be aware of the
      pathophysiologic side effects involved. Fifteen therapeutic bronchoscopies were
      performed in five critically ill patients with obstructive atelectasis, due to
      retained secretions. Following the procedure, Qs/Qt declined from 23.9% to 15%,
      cardiac output from 9.3 to 7.31/min, and arterial Po2 increased from 58.9 to 70.9
      mm Hg. The differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.0001). The
      therapeutic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the treatment of obstructive
      atelectasis is demonstrated by the significant improvement in cardiopulmonary
      status.

PMID- 4021671
TI  - [Aluminum oxide ceramic implants (Tubigen type) in middle ear surgery. Report of
      clinical experiences].
AB  - Since 1980 we have used Tubingen middle ear implants of aluminum oxide in some
      reconstructions of the ossicular chain. So far such implants have been inserted
      in 129 operations on 106 patients. Follow-up examinations have been performed on
      108 ears (91 patients). Post-operative observation periods have varied from 6 to
      46 months, with an average duration of 22 months. In the last two years, since
      observing the first extrusions and imminent extrusions of implants, we have begun
      inserting a small autologous cartilage-perichondrium disk between implant and
      eardrum. Follow-up examinations have shown that insertion of cartilage lowers the
      rates of extrusion and imminent extrusion. It should be noted, however, that the
      average observation period for implants with cartilage has been somewhat shorter
      than for those without cartilage. Good audiometric results have been obtained
      with Al2O3-ceramic implants. Moreover, insertion of a cartilage-perichondrium
      disk demonstrably contributes to an improvement of audiometric results. As our
      clinical study shows, an Al2O3-ceramic implant is quite suitable for
      reconstructive surgery of the ossicular chain when an alloplastic implant is
      needed. At the same time we strongly advise insertion of a cartilage
      perichondrium disk between the eardrum and the implant.

PMID- 4021672
TI  - [Long-term results following cholesteatoma surgery].
AB  - A long-term review of 140 ears in 133 patients was carried out. All ears had
      first been operated on in 1971 and 1972 for cholesteatoma in the E.N.T. clinic. A
      closed technique was used in 110 ears and in the remaining 30 ears an open
      technique, depending on the pneumatisation of the mastoid, the extent of the
      cholesteatoma, tubal function and the age and social circumstances of the
      patient. At that time, second-look operations were carried out on relatively few
      patients after a closed operation. While the short-term results were favourable,
      recurrent cholesteatomas still developed 8 to 10 years later; 9 were discovered
      at this review alone. The long-term incidence of recurrence was 25%. Recurrent
      cholesteatomas were found in 57% of patients who were first operated on for a
      cholesteatoma before the age of 21, 24% of those between 21 and 40, and 11% of
      those between 41 and 60. These results reaffirm the necessity for a planned
      second-look operation in all young patients and also the importance of outpatient
      follow-up over many years.

PMID- 4021673
TI  - [Histologic studies of radical cavities. Case reports from the Wittmaack
      collection].
AB  - 25 serially sectioned temporal bones from Wittmaack's temporal bone collection
      (ENT Hospital, University of Hamburg) have been examined in which radical
      mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma has been performed. The microtopographical and
      pathohistological analysis of postoperative results shows that recurrent
      cholesteatoma and inflammation act together as to complications such as
      labyrinthitis, meningitis and brain abscess. The subepithelial layer of
      granulation tissues between the matrix of the cholesteatoma and the underlying
      bone causes bone destruction via osteitis.

PMID- 4021674
TI  - [The audioanalysator. A bridge between audiometry and psychoacoustics].
AB  - An analyser with a system of continous sweeping frequencies and a spectrum of
      strongly different control signals is described here. Including the active
      participation of the patient and his impaired hearing a much more accurate
      finding of symptoms is possible than with the standard methods of audiometry. The
      major factors mentioned include the continuous fine testing of the sounds heard
      in an unlimitated choice of frequencies ranging between 20 Hz. and 20 000 Hz.
      with an automated search unit as well as a test for the highest tones. After
      brief instruction the tests are determined by the patient himself according to
      choice monaurally and/or binaurally depending on comparisons and corrections
      right/left. This leads to highly differentiated statements on the sounds heard
      and to comparable qualities of tone which until today have been unknown in this
      wide extent of variety to audiometry and audiology and which presents totally new
      aspects. One of the main purposes of the audioanalyser is to detect the role
      played by the transients in discrimination. Obviously also the highest tones
      influence the character of the transients. They are apt to be easily lost e.g. by
      infections any kind. A vigilant patient will become aware of this loss.

PMID- 4021675
TI  - [Significance of electrocochleography within the scope of audiologic diagnosis].
AB  - Despite the extensive applicability of brainstem evoked response audiometry (=
      BERA), electrocochleography (= ECochG) occupies an undisputed place among
      audiological diagnostic methods. It is useful, among other things, in the early
      identification or confirmation of hearing defects in children, since it permits
      measurement of the auditory threshold and of the characteristics of the
      suprathreshold area, and may aid in excluding ambiguous findings resulting from
      subjective audiometric or other objective audiometric methods in certain cases.
      In this regard, it makes possible a valid early prescription of hearing aids to
      children with auditory defects; in addition, in certain cases it provides
      valuable additional information and can be employed in solving simulation and
      masking problems. The diagnostic validity of ECochG in Meniere's disease requires
      continued investigation. To sum up, we can say that ECochG should be performed
      only at centres where the frequency of examinations guarantees the necessary
      expert knowledge.

PMID- 4021676
TI  - [Screening studies with the BOEL test for the early diagnosis of hearing loss in
      infants. Experiences with 4,622 cases].
AB  - Hearing screening with reactometry in the newborn is now being considered too
      expensive and fails to detect quite a number of deaf children. Conversely,
      experiences at the age of 8 months with BOEL-Test (a distraction test, which
      yields further information on visual and neurological deficiencies) have shown
      that it becomes possible to detect the majority of hearing defects. As this age
      level is quite adequate for diagnosis even of defects arising in the first year
      (progressive genetic deafness, deafness due to infections etc.) and considering
      that rehabilitation can start only after this term, the authors suggest to
      reserve neonatal screening only for risk cases and to retest all children with
      the BOEL-Test.

PMID- 4021677
TI  - [Prevention and correction of postoperative ectropion following lid edge incision
      in the treatment of orbital floor fractures].

PMID- 4021678
TI  - Alternative surgical method for repair of the fractured orbital floor.

PMID- 4021679
TI  - The Hydrocollator steam pack revisited.

PMID- 4021680
TI  - Artificial eardrum for instruction in myringotomy and PE tube insertion.

PMID- 4021681
TI  - Invasive Aspergillus of the head and neck.
AB  - Invasive fungal infections of the head and neck are uncommon. The most common
      organism is Mucor which is classically seen in diabetic individuals in or
      immediately after a bout of ketoacidosis. This report outlines our experience of
      four cases of invasive fungal disease caused by the Aspergillus species. All four
      patients in this series were profoundly granulocytopenic. Three of the four
      patients remained profoundly immunocompromised and succumbed to infections. One
      patient recovered immune competence and became a long term survivor after
      antifungal chemotherapy and debridement of necrotic tissue. The literature on
      invasive Aspergillus of the head and neck is reviewed. Some recent insights in
      the medicine literature concerning the epidemiology of the more common pulmonary
      form of this invasive disease are also discussed.

PMID- 4021682
TI  - Malignant transformation in non-irradiated recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
AB  - The clinical, radiographic and post mortem findings occurring in a 6-year-old
      female with a four-year history of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) are
      described. At autopsy, there were two separate foci of malignant transformation
      (malignant degeneration) in the bronchioloalveolar papillomata. This patient is
      the youngest in whom such changes have been described. Malignant transformation
      is a rare occurrence and is usually seen in older patients with longstanding
      papillomatosis, therapeutic irradiation, or a history of smoking. Pulmonary
      spread represents the majority of cases with "spontaneous" malignant
      transformation.

PMID- 4021683
TI  - Fixation of laryngeal stents.
AB  - With the advent of the CO2 laser, the transendoscopic placement of stents and
      keels has become an important adjunct in the surgical treatment of laryngeal webs
      and stenosis. Fixation of stents, however, is often difficult and cumbersome.
      Here, we describe two relatively simple techniques of laryngeal stent
      construction, placement, and fixation.

PMID- 4021684
TI  - Benign parotid diseases of childhood.
AB  - A 25-year retrospective study of 63 pediatric surgical cases of benign parotid
      disease was done. Inflammatory disorders accounted for 34 of the cases. The
      remaining 29 non-inflammatory conditions included vasoformative, solid, and
      cystic lesions and were nearly always asymptomatic.

PMID- 4021685
TI  - Electronystagmography and audio potentials in space flight.
AB  - Beginning with the fourth flight of the Space Transport System (STS-4), objective
      measurements of inner ear function were conducted in near-zero G conditions in
      earth orbit. The problem of space motion sickness (SMS) was approached much like
      any disequilibrium problem encountered clinically. However, objective testing
      techniques had built-in limitations superimposed by the strict parameters
      inherent in each mission. An attempt was made to objectively characterize SMS,
      and to first ascertain whether the objective measurements indicated that this
      disorder was of peripheral or central origin. Electronystagmography and auditory
      brain stem response recordings were the primary investigative tools. One of the
      authors (W.E.T.) was a mission specialist on board the orbiter Challenger on the
      eight shuttle mission (STS-8) and had the opportunity to make direct and personal
      observations regarding SMS, an opportunity which has added immeasurably to our
      understanding of this disorder. Except for two abnormal ENG records, which remain
      to be explained, the remaining ENG records and all the ABR records made in the
      weightless environment of space were normal.

PMID- 4021686
TI  - Surgical section of the posterior ampullary nerve.
AB  - Surgical section of the posterior ampullary nerve (PAN) has been used as a form
      of therapy for persistent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Eighteen
      patients were reviewed. The PAN was identified in 16 patients, 15 of whom were
      completely cured and one of whom had improvement of symptoms. Severe
      sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurred in three patients. This study suggests
      that surgical section of the PAN is effective. The procedure is facilitated by a
      postauricular incision and canalplasty.

PMID- 4021687
TI  - Sinusitis in intensive care unit patients.
AB  - The ultimate source of sepsis may be difficult to pinpoint in critically ill
      patients with multiple possible sources of iatrogenic infection. In the last
      year, we have been consulted with regard to several febrile intensive care unit
      patients in whom sinusitis was initially identified by computerized axial
      tomography done for other reasons. The questions are: 1. are the x-ray findings
      significant; 2. is this the cause of fever and sepsis; 3. how should the patient
      be treated for this problem; and 4. can this be prevented. In five patients,
      sepsis was clearly related to sinusitis. Treatment had included nasal tubes in
      all six patients, and in addition, five patients had received high doses of
      corticosteroids while intubated. The sixth patient was a diabetic. Etiology,
      diagnosis, and management are discussed in detail. We believe that prolonged
      nasal intubation should be avoided, particularly in patients with decreased
      resistance to infection. Initial treatment consists of removing intranasal tubes
      and the administration of broad spectrum or culture specific antibiotics. Surgery
      is indicated in the event of persistent sepsis or secondary complications.
      Computerized tomography is an excellent tool for diagnosis and following response
      to therapy.

PMID- 4021688
TI  - Management of perforations of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus.
AB  - Complications related to perforations of the upper aerodigestive system carry a
      15% mortality. Nine cases of intraluminal injuries to the hypopharynx and
      cervical esophagus are reviewed. Seven were related to iatrogenic causes and two
      associated with foreign bodies. This study details the cause and location of the
      injuries, associated signs and symptoms, and the resultant morbidity. A protocol
      for the management of suspected perforations is outlined.

PMID- 4021689
TI  - Carotid arteriospasm.
AB  - Arteriospasm can result from manipulation or fresh blood around an artery. This
      myogenic reflex can spread to obliterate collateral flow and can last from
      minutes to days. Ischemic strokes from carotid spasm ensue neurosurgical
      procedures, endarterectomies, and even chiropractic manipulation. The diagnosis
      and prevention of arteriospasm are presented, and a patient who has carotid
      arteriospasm following excision of a branchial cleft cyst is detailed. If the
      vessel constriction is noted at surgery, topical application of a local
      anesthetic is effective. Transfusion, hydration, oxygenation, and maintenance of
      blood pressure are the cornerstones of nonoperative therapy.

PMID- 4021690
TI  - Tinnitus and/or hearing loss elicited by facial mimetic movement.
AB  - Temporary tinnitus and/or hearing loss elicited by contraction of facial mimetic
      muscles are often observed on the affected side in patients recovering from
      facial nerve paralysis and in those with facial spasm. In order to clarify the
      mechanism of this phenomenon, changes in auditory threshold and middle ear
      compliance during voluntary contraction of mimetic muscles were investigated. The
      results suggest that this type of tinnitus and/or hearing loss is due to
      nonacoustic contraction of the stapedial muscle synchronous with contraction of
      mimetic muscles.

PMID- 4021691
TI  - Brush cytology for the early detection of esophageal carcinoma among patients
      with upper aerodigestive malignancies.
AB  - The incidence of associated esophageal carcinoma (EC) among patients with upper
      aerodigestive tract malignancies is high. Esophageal brush cytology, as developed
      and evaluated as a screening device for early detection of EC among villagers of
      northeastern Iran, was employed to examine 56 clinic patients with known tumors
      of the upper aerodigestive tract on 106 occasions. Two asymptomatic EC were
      detected and are presented. The procedure was also used as an adjunct to
      endoscopy in order to monitor the response of tumors under treatment. Sensitivity
      of 40% and specificity of 90% were found and could be improved with more
      judicious application of the procedure. The use of this simple test for early
      detection of EC among this high risk subset of clinic patients is recommended.

PMID- 4021692
TI  - Elongated styloid process syndrome: intraoral versus external approach for
      styloid surgery.
AB  - Elongated styloid process is a source of craniofacial and cervical pain. This
      condition is characterized by a dull, nagging, pharyngeal pain and a palpatory
      finding in the tonsillar fossa. Radiologic demonstration of styloid elongation is
      readily made in most instances. The incidence and pathogenesis of the styloid
      syndrome are discussed and the differential diagnosis detailed. The only
      effective treatment is surgical shortening of the styloid process. Eight patients
      undergoing surgery for elongated styloids are reported and the intraoral and
      external surgical approaches are presented. The external cervical approach is
      preferred since surgical visualization is optimal and the risk of deep cervical
      infection is minimal.

PMID- 4021693
TI  - Auditory brain stem response in experimentally induced hypothyroidism in albino
      rats.
AB  - In order to elucidate the relationship between the auditory function and the
      thyroid state, experiments were designed to study the effect of hypothyroidism on
      the onset of auditory brain stem response (ABR) in 26 adult myxedematous albino
      rats. A state of hypothyroidism was induced by daily oral administration of 6-N
      propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). In 23 out of 26 rats we found minor changes in the
      amplitudes of all ABR waves without any correlation with the rats' T4 variation.
      We noted a conspicuous, dynamic, and reversible change in the amplitude of the
      third wave (N3) of ABR which correlates directly with the thyroxin (T4) levels in
      the rats' blood. The electrophysiological finding in this report indicates a
      lesion in the auditory tracts in the brain stem but mainly in the second main
      relay station of the central auditory pathway, i.e., the superior olivary
      complex.

PMID- 4021694
TI  - Jet insufflation anesthesia for endolaryngeal laser surgery: a review of 318
      consecutive cases.
AB  - A series of 318 patients utilizing the jet insufflation technique for laser
      laryngeal anesthesia was studied. The technique utilizes a foil wrapped catheter
      placed below the vocal cords and attached to the Sanders ventilating adapter. Two
      pneumothoraces in children, one dental injury and one tube ignition were noted-
      all without permanent sequelae. Subsequent modification in technique prevented
      recurrence of these complications. The results indicate that this is a safe
      technique for laryngeal laser surgery, providing excellent visualization of the
      larynx while maintaining good oxygenation and airway control.

PMID- 4021695
TI  - [Colitis cystica profunda--contribution to the differential diagnosis of rectum
      cancer].
AB  - A case report is given including endoscopic and morphological findings of a 19
      year old female patient with colitis cystica profunda. Diagnosis could only be
      established by histological examination of material which had been taken from
      deep layers of the rectum wall. Lesions were so close to the anal region, that no
      surgical resection was done, because this would had impaired continence. A review
      of the literature is given in addition to the case report.

PMID- 4021696
TI  - [Segmental chlamydia proctitis].
AB  - A case report is given of a 28 year old homosexual suffering from segmental
      proctitis caused by Chlamydia. The patient had watery diarrhea and fever since 3
      weeks. Stool specimen testing was negative in regard to Salmonella, Shigella and
      worm eggs. Infection with N. gonorrhoea, Herpes simplex virus, Toxoplasma gondi,
      Yersinia and M. tuberculosis could be excluded. Serological testing yielded
      results suggestive of an old lues infection successfully treated. On histological
      examination typical reticulocytary suppurating granuloma were found. Therapy of
      choice of Chlamydia-proctitis is tetracyclines.

PMID- 4021697
TI  - [Free cecum perforation with peritonitis as a rare complication of Crohn
      disease].
AB  - Perforation and peritonitis as complications of severe Crohn's disease are rare.
      Case reports of two young female patients are given who have been treated in 1983
      because of peritonitis after perforation of Crohn's disease. The only therapeutic
      approach making sense is elimination of the intestine affected by the disease and
      repeated control laparotomies with for treatment of peritonitis and controlling
      sufficiency of the anastomosis. These patients are at high risk because of
      treatment with cortisone.

PMID- 4021698
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of serum cortisol levels in leprosy patients with special
      reference to type I and type II reaction.

PMID- 4021699
TI  - The outpatient treatment of nerve damage in patients with borderline leprosy
      using a semi-standardized steroid regimen.

PMID- 4021700
TI  - Ocular complications in patients with leprosy in Karigiri, South India.

PMID- 4021701
TI  - Managerial implications of multidrug therapy.

PMID- 4021702
TI  - [Occurrence of hypertension in school-age children].

PMID- 4021703
TI  - [Classification of vesico-ureteral reflux--a new approach].

PMID- 4021704
TI  - [Histamine poisoning by scombroid fish--initial report on the first 7 epidemics
      registered in the region around Rijeka 1982-1984].

PMID- 4021705
TI  - [Recurrent nephrolithiasis and possibilities of preventing relapses].

PMID- 4021706
TI  - [A rare case of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during a stress test in a
      top-ranking athlete].

PMID- 4021707
TI  - [Chondrodysplasia punctata--report on 4 patients].

PMID- 4021708
TI  - [Hyperactivity of the detrusor of the urinary bladder. Conservative therapy].

PMID- 4021709
TI  - [The intravenous catheter for hemodialysis and plasmapheresis (experience with 40
      catheters in 26 consecutive patients)].

PMID- 4021710
TI  - [Therapeutic use of plasmapheresis using filtration in 15 patients].

PMID- 4021711
TI  - [Severe hereditary metabolic diseases in neonates].

PMID- 4021712
TI  - [Incidence of arterial hypertension in patients with signs of chronic
      pyelonephritis on intravenous urography].

PMID- 4021713
TI  - [Prognosis of the course of vesico-ureteral reflux in children].

PMID- 4021714
TI  - [Rare clinical manifestations of leptospirosis].

PMID- 4021715
TI  - [Breast cancer in younger women].

PMID- 4021716
TI  - [Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion caused by carcinoma of the colon].

PMID- 4021717
TI  - [Morphine poisoning in advanced age].

PMID- 4021718
TI  - [A comparison of findings on computerized brain tomography with pathohistologic
      findings in meningioma].

PMID- 4021719
TI  - [Problems of urgency and priority in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in
      multiple trauma (16 years' experience 1967-1982)].

PMID- 4021720
TI  - [Basic problems in the preparation and use of granulocyte transfusions].

PMID- 4021721
TI  - Differential effects of DSP-4 administration on regional brain norepinephrine
      turnover in rats.
AB  - The effects of DSP-4 on brain NE levels and turnover in rats were investigated in
      six brain regions: cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, hypothalamus and
      locus coeruleus. Administration of 50 mg/kg of DSP-4 significantly decreased NE
      levels in all brain regions; greatest reductions occurred in the cortex (86%
      decrease) and in the hippocampus (91% decrease). Doses of DSP-4 less than 50
      mg/kg did not significantly lower NE levels in other brain regions, except within
      the cerebellum. Levels of the NE metabolite 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenylethylene
      glycol sulfate (MHPG-S04) declined in parallel with those of NE, except within
      the brainstem and the locus coeruleus. NE turnover, expressed as the ratio of the
      MHPG-S04 concentration to that of NE, was higher in the cortex and hippocampus
      than other regions in control animals, and NE turnover significantly increased
      only in these two areas after the administration of 50 mg/kg of DSP-4 (p less
      than 0.01). There were no significant changes in the levels of dopamine and a
      significant decrease of serotonin only in the striatum. These results indicate
      that DSP-4 is a neurotoxin with a strong predilection for noradrenergic neurons,
      that its effects vary according to brain region and that its administration
      increases NE turnover in those brain regions showing the greatest depletion of
      NE.

PMID- 4021722
TI  - Digoxin quinidine interaction: a pharmacokinetic study in the isolated perfused
      rat liver.
AB  - Digoxin-quinidine interaction was studied in the experimental model of isolated
      perfused rat liver. Neither digoxin nor quinidine were toxic to the isolated rat
      liver. The clearance of digoxin and quinidine by the liver was directly related
      to the rate of bile flow and the size of the initial dose of digoxin. In the
      presence of quinidine, after initial doses of digoxin of 0.5 and 1 micrograms,
      the concentration of digoxin in the perfusate was increased 2.5 and 3-fold. Its
      excretion in the bile was reduced by 45% and 20.5%, respectively (all
      comparisons, p less than 0.01). Digoxin concentration in the liver tissue was
      calculated and found to be appreciably elevated in the presence of quinidine. A
      reduction of about 30% (p less than 0.05) in the excretion of quinidine in the
      bile was observed in the presence of digoxin. Thus, a competition of digoxin and
      quinidine for biliary excretion was demonstrated as an underlying cause for
      digoxin-quinidine interaction in the isolated perfused rat liver.

PMID- 4021723
TI  - Effect of parenterally administered atropine on the percutaneous absorption of
      phencyclidine and methadone.
AB  - The effect of parenterally administered atropine on the previously demonstrated
      percutaneous absorption of phencyclidine and methadone was investigated in vivo
      using the hairless (SKH, hr-1/hr-1) mouse as an experimental model. At both three
      hours and four hours following topical application of aqueous phencyclidine
      hydrochloride, the mean drug concentration in liver was significantly lower in
      mice that had received atropine sulfate by intraperitoneal injection than in mice
      that had received only water by this route (3 hrs: p less than 0.01; 4 hrs: p
      less than 0.02). Prior to three hours no statistically significant difference was
      noted. In contrast, parenteral administration of atropine produced no significant
      effect upon the percutaneous absorption of aqueous methadone hydrochloride over a
      four-hour period. Atropine inhibition of absorption is likely due to cutaneous
      dehydration, and it may be drug-specific and/or dose-related. These findings are
      correlated with the previously reported ethanol inhibition of percutaneous
      absorption. The therapeutic implications of these observations are discussed.

PMID- 4021724
TI  - Effects of age and luteinizing hormone antiserum on human chorionic gonadotropin
      stimulated testosterone secretion in young male rats.
AB  - The steroidogenic capacity of young male rats of different ages was studied. Two
      days prior to sacrifice at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days of age, the rats in
      treatment groups were given intramuscularly either human chorionic gonadotropin
      (HCG) at 20 I.U. twice daily/rat or luteinizing hormone (LH) antiserum (AS) at
      0.25 ml twice daily/rat. Either saline or normal sheep serum (NSS) was given to
      control rats. The serum and testicular testosterone concentrations in the control
      rats averaged 0.85 +/- 0.03 ng/ml and 1.35 +/- 0.06 ng/mg testicular protein,
      respectively. At day-15 the serum and testicular testosterone concentrations in
      the HCG-treated rats had significantly increased to 9.30 +/- 0.85 ng/ml and 11.92
      ng/mg of testicular protein, respectively. At the same age, the HCG-induced
      higher levels of serum and testicular testosterone concentrations were
      significantly reduced to 2.80 +/- 0.70 ng/ml and 6.02 +/- 1.00 ng/mg protein by
      concomitant administration of LH/AS and HCG. Our results suggest that the
      testosterone production in response to HCG stimulation is age-related. It was
      also determined that neutralization of circulating gonadotropin in LH/AS-treated
      rats decreased the sensitivity of Leydig cells to gonadotropin stimulation. This
      in vivo model should provide an excellent opportunity for the investigation of
      the testicular function in developing young males.

PMID- 4021725
TI  - Oral administration and distribution of melatonin in human serum, saliva and
      urine.
AB  - In order to evaluate for future physiological and pharmacological studies the
      extent to which orally administered melatonin is found in human serum and saliva
      and excreted into urine we measured serum, saliva and urine concentrations of
      melatonin by radioimmunoassay after oral administration of 100 mg melatonin.
      Elevated melatonin concentrations were observed with peak values of 435 nmol/l in
      serum and 241 nmol/l in saliva at 60 min. Elimination was monophasic following
      first-order kinetics. The half-lives for serum and saliva melatonin were 41 and
      38 min, respectively. The results suggest that melatonin is passively secreted
      into saliva which reflects closely the changes in serum melatonin. Saliva
      sampling is thus useful in studies on peripheral melatonin both in physiological
      and experimental conditions. Urinary excretion of melatonin was 0.01 % of the
      amount of melatonin ingested. In high-performance liquid chromatography urine
      extracts were found to contain also a minor unknown immunoreactive component
      which we suggest to be some unknown metabolite of melatonin.

PMID- 4021726
TI  - Use of intact rat brain cells as a model to study regulation of muscarinic
      acetylcholine receptors.
AB  - Intact rat brain cells were dissociated and used to study the regulation of
      muscarinic acetylcholine receptors upon exposure to muscarinic receptor agonists.
      Incubation of cells with carbamylcholine resulted in a time-dependent decrease in
      subsequent [3H]N-methylscopolamine specific binding, an effect which reached a
      steady state after 3 hr at 37 degrees C. This effect of carbamylcholine was
      dependent on the concentration of the agonist in the incubation medium and was
      due to a reduction in the maximal binding capacity of the receptor with no
      decrease in the affinity of the remaining receptors. This preparation might be
      useful in future studies to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of
      muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system.

PMID- 4021727
TI  - Fluorescence study on the interaction of salicylate with rat small intestinal
      epithelial cells: possible mechanism for the promoting effects of salicylate on
      drug absorption in vivo.
AB  - The water-soluble drug, salicylate, was rapidly taken up by rat small intestinal
      epithelial cells. Salicylate, known to enhance the absorption of poorly
      absorbable drugs by rectum and small intestine, caused a significant decrease in
      the fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and a slight
      increase in the fluorescence polarization of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic
      acid (ANS) in the isolated rat small intestinal epithelial cell suspension. An
      increase in the membrane fluidity of epithelial cells may possibly contribute to
      the enhancement of drug absorption by salicylate.

PMID- 4021728
TI  - Blockade of a motor response by cholinergic stimulation of the toad midbrain
      tegmentum.
AB  - Application of an acid solution to the dorsal skin of conscious toads having
      intact nervous system induces a scratching reflex and escape movements, as well
      as autonomic alterations (hypertension and tachycardia) that are part of the
      defense response. The motor components of this response are abolished or reduced
      by microinjection of 60, 30, 15 or 7.5 ng carbachol into the midbrain tegmentum.
      The cardiovascular components, however, continue to be present, although their
      amplitude is reduced. The depression of the motor response is statistically
      significant up to 15 minutes for the 60 ng dose, up to 10 minutes for the 15 and
      30 ng doses, and only up to 5 minutes for the 7.5 ng dose. The data suggest that
      the midbrain tegmentum may modulate the reflex motor response triggered by a
      noxious stimulus and also participate in the organization of the escape
      movements. The importance of cholinergic agents in this modulation is discussed.
      The persistence of the cardiovascular component of the response shows the
      importance of this parameter as an indicator of alert situations.

PMID- 4021729
TI  - Abnormal cardiac rhythm in diabetic rats.
AB  - A significant occurrence of abnormal rhythm was observed in perfused working
      hearts of diabetic rats. The incidence of arrhythmias was 19/51 in diabetics as
      compared with 2/38 in normal controls. In considering possible pathogenetic
      mechanisms, conduction system defects appear to merit particular attention.

PMID- 4021730
TI  - First pass metabolism of ethanol--a gastrointestinal barrier against the systemic
      toxicity of ethanol.
AB  - Both in men and rats, most of the ethanol ingested at a low dose is metabolized
      before it reaches the systemic circulation. Oxidation of ethanol (mainly in the
      stomach) accounts for the bulk of this effect. This "first pass" metabolism (FPM)
      may be viewed as a barrier which protects against the systemic toxicity of
      ethanol. This barrier can be overcome by large doses of ethanol. Its efficiency
      is also reduced by a decrease in gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity
      secondary to chronic alcohol consumption.

PMID- 4021732
TI  - Effect of hypoxic cell radiosensitizers on glutathione level and related enzyme
      activities in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - A comparative study of the effect of misonidazole and novel radiosensitizers on
      glutathione (GSH) levels and related enzyme activities in isolated rat
      hepatocytes was performed. Incubation of hepatocytes with 5 mM radiosensitizers
      led to a decrease in the intracellular GSH level. The most pronounced decrease in
      cellular GSH was evoked by 2,4-dinitroimidazole-1-ethanol (DNIE); after
      incubation for only 15 min, GSH was hardly detected. DNIE-mediated GSH loss was
      dependent upon its concentration. DNIE reacted with GSH nonenzymatically as well
      as with diethylmaleate, while misonidazole and 1-methyl-2-methyl-sulfinyl-5
      methoxycarbonylimidazole (KIH-3) did not. Addition of partially purified
      glutathione S-transferase (GST) did not enhance DNIE-mediated GSH loss in a cell
      free system. DNIE inhibited glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), GST, and glutathione
      reductase (GSSG-R) activities in hepatocytes, while misonidazole and KIH-3 did
      not. GSH-Px activity assayed with H2O2 as substrate was the most inhibited.
      Inhibition of GSH-Px activity assayed with cumene hydroperoxide as substrate and
      GST was less than that of GSH-Px assayed with H2O2 as substrate. GSSG-R activity
      was decreased by DNIE, but not significantly. Incubation of purified GSH-Px with
      DNIE resulted in a little change in the activity when assayed with H2O2 as
      substrate.

PMID- 4021731
TI  - Vasopressin-induced calcium increases in smooth muscle cells from spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - Cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations [( Ca2+]i) were measured in smooth muscle
      cells (SMC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age and sex matched
      Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Resting levels of [Ca2+]i were 114 +/- 6 nM and 116 +/-
      5 nM in SMC from WKY and SHR, respectively. Angiotensin II (AII) induced a dose
      dependent large increases in [Ca2+]i in SMC. There were no significant
      differences in resting or AII-stimulated levels of [Ca2+]i when SMC from WKY and
      SHR were compared. Arg-vasopressin (AVP) caused a similar but smaller [Ca2+]i
      increase than AII in SMC. AVP caused larger [Ca2+]i increases in SMC from SHR
      than in SMC from WKY. Although concentrations of AVP higher than those ordinarily
      detected in plasma were necessary to obtain different responses between SHR and
      WKY, these differences may be related to the pathogenesis of hypertension.

PMID- 4021733
TI  - Metabolism of S-adenosylmethionine in rat hepatocytes: transfer of methyl group
      from S-adenosylmethionine by methyltransferase reactions.
AB  - Treatment of rats with a methionine diet leads not only to a marked increase of S
      adenosylmethionine synthetase in liver, but also to the increase of glycine,
      guanidoacetate and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferases. The activity of tRNA
      methyltransferase decreased with the increased amounts of methionine in the
      diets. However, the activities of phospholipids and S-adenosylmethionine
      homocysteine methyltransferases did not show any significant change. When
      hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 2-fluorenylacetamide progresses, the activities
      of glycine and guanidoacetate methyltransferases in rat liver decreased, and
      could not be detected in tumorous area 8 months after treatment. The levels of S
      adenosylmethionine in the liver also decreased to levels of one-fifth of control
      animals at 8 months. The uptake and metabolism of [methyl-3H]-methionine and -S
      adenosylmethionine have been investigated by in vivo and isolated hepatocytes.
      The uptake of methionine and transfer of methyl group to phospholipid in the
      cells by methionine were remarkably higher than those by S-adenosylmethionine.
      These results indicate that phospholipids in hepatocytes accept methyl group from
      S-adenosylmethionine immediately, when it is synthesized from methionine, before
      mixing its pool in the cells.

PMID- 4021734
TI  - Effect of endurance training and chronic isoproterenol treatment on skeletal
      muscle sensitivity to norepinephrine.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of metabolic stresses,
      such as endurance training and chronic isoproterenol treatment, on skeletal
      muscle sensitivity to norepinephrine. Using an isolated perfused rat hindlimb
      preparation, dose-response curves for skeletal muscle oxygen consumption (VO2)
      and vascular resistance were obtained with control, endurance trained, and
      isoproterenol treated rats. No significant difference was found between control
      and experimental groups for non-stimulated VO2. In response to NE infusion,
      trained rats showed a significantly greater increase in VO2 compared to control
      rats while the response of the isoproterenol treated rats was of the same
      magnitude as the one for their respective control rats. At the highest dose of NE
      infused, the vasopressor response was significantly lower in trained rats
      compared to control rats. At none of the doses was there a significant difference
      in the vasopressor response between control and isoproterenol treated rats. These
      results suggest that repeated exposures to high levels of catecholamines, as
      produced during endurance training, leads to an increased sensitivity of skeletal
      muscle to the effect of norepinephrine.

PMID- 4021735
TI  - Direct radioimmunoassay (RIA) of salivary testosterone: correlation with free and
      total serum testosterone.
AB  - Simple and sensitive direct RIA for determination of salivary testosterone was
      developed by using RSL NOSOLVEX TM (125 1) kit produced by Radioassay System
      Laboratories (Carson, California). In addition, a relationship between salivary
      and serum free and total testosterone concentrations was studied in randomly
      selected 45 healthy subjects, 5 females on oral contraceptive pills and 28
      hypertensive patients on various treatment regimens. The lowest weight of
      testosterone detectable by our modified method was equivalent to 1 pg/ml of
      saliva, taking into account analytical variability. Intra- and interassay
      coefficients of variation were 5.09 +/- 2.7% and 8.2 +/- 5.9% respectively.
      Statistically significant correlations were found between salivary and serum free
      testosterone (r = 0.97) and salivary and serum total testosterone concentrations
      (r = 0.70-0.87). The exception to this was a group of hypertensive females in
      which no correlation (r = 0.14) between salivary and total serum testosterone was
      found. It is also of interest that, while salivary testosterone was significantly
      increased in subjects taking oral contraceptives and most of the hypertensive
      patients the total serum testosterone concentration was in normal range. Our
      findings suggest that determination of salivary testosterone is a reliable method
      to detect changes in the concentration of available biologically active hormone
      in the circulation.

PMID- 4021736
TI  - Brain NADH and jumping behavior in the rat.
AB  - The effects of either the reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH)
      microinjected into the brain or amphetamine injected peritoneally on jumping
      behavior were observed in 68 rats. The enhanced jumps in the group with
      amphetamine are the greatest among the three experimental groups. The enhanced
      effect of NADH microinjected into the caudate nucleus is stronger than those of
      NADH in the frontal cortex. The effects of extra NADH in the frontal cortex on
      the jumps are dose-dependent. NADH concentrations in the brain of rats with
      amphetamine increased immediately after behavioral procedure. The increased
      concentrations in the brain from both extra and intra sources are related to the
      enhanced jumps of rats.

PMID- 4021737
TI  - Amelioration of hypoxemia by neuromuscular blockade following brain injury.
AB  - Brain injury has been commonly associated with respiratory failure and
      uncontrolled skeletal muscle activity. In the present study, neuromuscular (NM)
      blockade induced by injection of succinylcholine hydrochloride was used to block
      uncontrolled muscle contractions in dogs with brain injury caused by rapid
      elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). Decerebrate posturing, a decrease in
      value (mean +/- SEM) of arterial oxygen tension (Pa02) of 26 +/- 1 torr, and an
      increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) of 11 +/- 1 torr occurred in
      the dogs, which were supported by mechanical ventilation. The arterial hypoxemia
      developed independently of the decerebration; however, dogs that demonstrated
      decerebrate posturing exhibited significantly larger decreases in Pa02 than dogs
      that did not (P less than 0.01). NM blockade ameliorated the effects of elevated
      ICP on the arterial blood gases; i.e., the amount of hypoxemia in decerebrate
      dogs was significantly less in dogs subjected to NM blockade than in dogs not
      subjected to NM blockade. It is concluded that uncontrolled skeletal muscle
      activity that exacerbates arterial hypoxemia associated with brain injury is
      ameliorated by use of NM blockade as a therapeutic adjunct to mechanical
      ventilation.

PMID- 4021738
TI  - Stress-induced consumption of ethanol by rats.
AB  - Rats were maintained in a continuous choice situation for consumption of either
      0.1% aqueous saccharin or 10% ethanol- 0.1% saccharin with daily tube position
      reversal and 24 hour fluid consumption measurement. After a stabilized baseline
      was achieved, groups were exposed to either no stress, or to an unpredictable
      schedule of isolation or immobilization stress for 14 days. During baseline and
      stress-exposure periods, the rats consumed predominantly the saccharin solution.
      Upon cessation of the stress exposures the isolation and immobilization groups
      markedly increased their consumption of the ethanol solution, reaching intakes as
      high as 9.1 g/kg/24 hours in 2-3 weeks. In addition, after 3 weeks of ethanol
      consumption, placement of saccharin in both tubes resulted in the stressed
      animals preferentially consuming from the tube that should have contained
      ethanol. The results suggest that unpredictable exposure to stressful stimuli
      can, upon cessation of exposure, induce an alcohol consummatory behavior in rats.

PMID- 4021739
TI  - Altered distribution and toxicity of digitoxigenin in fasted mice.
AB  - Intravenous administration of digitoxigenin (DTXGN) evokes seizure episodes in
      mice which may be dependent on brain biogenic amines such as serotonin (5-HT).
      Fasting is known to have effects on both drug toxicity and brain 5-HT synthesis.
      The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of overnight fasting on DTXGN
      toxicity. The i.v. LD-50 of DTXGN was increased by 61% in fasted mice. Adjustment
      of DTXGN dose for the decrease in body weight of fasted mice did not alter the
      fasting induced protection. A loading dose of 1-tryptophan (25 mg/kg, i.p.) did
      not alter mortality rates in either fed or fasted mice. Cortical levels of 3H
      DTXGN were decreased significantly by 25% in fasted mice. Liver and blood levels
      were elevated significantly. These data suggest that decreased DTXGN toxicity is
      associated with a decrease in its distribution to the cerebral cortex and
      emphasize the importance of acute dietary status in the expression of drug
      toxicity.

PMID- 4021740
TI  - Two daily melatonin injections differentially induce nonshivering thermogenesis
      and gonadal regression in the mouse (Peromyscus leucopus).
AB  - Female white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were injected twice daily with 5,
      10, 50, 100 micrograms melatonin (MEL) or saline. Injections were given for 7
      weeks at 2 and 12 hours after lights-on under a long day (LD 16:8) photoperiod.
      Afternoon administration of MEL induced gonadal regression, although a dose of 50
      micrograms or more was necessary to obtain a maximal response. A 5 micrograms MEL
      injection in the afternoon resulted in intermediate reproductive tract weights.
      In white-footed mice a morning MEL injection did not abolish the reproductive
      regression induced by an afternoon injection. Mice receiving 10, 50 or 100
      micrograms MEL daily exhibited increased nonshivering thermogenesis (NST),
      irrespective of the timing of the injection. Daily injections of 5 micrograms MEL
      had little effect on NST. These observations suggest that "up and down
      regulation" of MEL receptors may not be important in P. leucopus. Further, the
      mechanism by which MEL controls reproduction is different from that for NST.

PMID- 4021741
TI  - Glycosphingolipids of fetal and adult sheep colonic mucosa.
AB  - The ganglioside and neutral glycosphingolipid composition of fetal and adult
      sheep colonic mucosa were characterized and compared. Mono- and
      tetrahexosylceramide were the major neutral glycolipids of both fetal and adult
      colons. Adult, but not fetal, mucosa also possessed di- and trihexosylceramide.
      Similarly, GD1a, GM3 and GM2 were found to be the principal gangliosides in fetal
      and adult tissue. Adult colonic mucosa possessed significant amounts of GT1a not
      present in fetal tissue. Analysis of the hydroxy and nonhydroxy fatty acids as
      well as of the long chain bases of the major glycosphingolipids revealed
      differences between these lipophilic components of glycolipids in fetal and adult
      colonic mucosa. The present results, therefore, indicate that both quantitative
      and qualitative differences in glycosphingolipid composition exist between fetal
      and adult sheep colonic mucosa.

PMID- 4021742
TI  - Evidence for distinct precursor pools for biliary cholesterol and primary bile
      acids in cebus and cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - The abnormal metabolism and distribution of plasma lipoproteins have been
      associated with atherosclerosis and gallstones. To better understand the process
      of cholesterol excretion, a study was designed to determine whether the
      contribution of lipoprotein free 14C-cholesterol (as LDL or HDL) to biliary
      cholesterol or primary bile acids differs in two species of nonhuman primates,
      cebus and cynomolgus monkeys, having opposite plasma LDL/HDL ratios. Since amino
      acid conjugation might influence bile acid synthesis or secretion, the taurine
      and glycine conjugates of newly synthesized primary bile acids, cholic acid (CA)
      and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), were measured in the species capable of
      conjugating with taurine or glycine (cynomolgus). After total bile acid pool
      washout, monkeys were infused with human LDL or HDL labeled with free 14C
      cholesterol, and the specific activities (SA) of biliary cholesterol and primary
      bile acid conjugates were determined. In both species, regardless of the
      lipoprotein infused, the SA of biliary cholesterol and CA were greater than those
      for total bile acids and CDCA, respectively. In cynomolgus, the SA of glycine
      conjugates was higher for CA than CDCA, while the SA of taurine conjugates was
      greater for CDCA than CA. Under these conditions, (i) infused lipoprotein free
      cholesterol (as either LDL or HDL) contributed more to biliary cholesterol than
      to bile acids and more to CA than to CDCA; (ii) glycine conjugated preferentially
      with CA rather than CDCA, while taurine was the preferred conjugate for CDCA.

PMID- 4021743
TI  - Modification of alkenyl chain profile in plasmalogens of rat heart mitochondria
      by dietary trielaidin.
AB  - Effects of dietary trielaidin upon the alkenyl chain profile of plasmalogens were
      studied using heart mitochondria of rats fed a semi-purified diet containing 10%
      of fat supplement in which elaidic acid accounted for 69% of total fatty acids.
      Alkyl substituted dioxane (ASD) derivatives of the alkenyl groups of plasmalogens
      were prepared and analyzed by silver nitrate TLC and by GLC on different phases
      (BDS and OV-275). After two months of feeding the experimental diet, 40% of the
      ASD contained a trans-octadecenyl chain, suggesting that dietary elaidic acid was
      reduced in vivo to the corresponding alcohol and incorporated into plasmalogens.
      There was a simultaneous decrease in the percentage of ASD containing saturated
      chains, but the percentage of ASD substituted with cis-octadecenyl chains was not
      significantly affected. These observations suggested that elaidic acid may
      compete with saturated fatty acids, but not with cis-octadecenoic acids during
      the plasmalogen biosynthesis. Feeding trielaidin did not seem to have any
      significant influence on the relative proportions of plasmalogens, which
      accounted for 11-12%, on a phosphorus basis, of total heart mitochondria
      phospholipids.

PMID- 4021745
TI  - Separation of polar from non-polar lipids.

PMID- 4021744
TI  - The lipid composition of the spleen and intestinal and popliteal lymph nodes in
      the sheep.
AB  - Lipids were isolated from the spleen, intestinal lymph nodes and popliteal lymph
      nodes, tissues of potential importance in the metabolism of lymph or lymphocytes,
      of the sheep. The most abundant lipid classes were the triacylglycerols, free
      cholesterol and phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin. In each lipid class, the amounts of
      the essential fatty acids were lower than in the corresponding lipids of lymph or
      plasma. The triacylglycerols of each tissue resembled those of adipose tissue in
      structure, rather than those of lymph or plasma. Also, the structures of the
      phosphatidylcholines were distinctive. The results are discussed in terms of the
      metabolism of lipids in lymph. It does not appear probable that lymphoid tissue
      can supply appreciable amounts of lipid to lymph.

PMID- 4021746
TI  - [Pulmonary microcirculation after distant gamma-therapy of breast and thyroid
      cancer (perfusion pulmoscintigraphy data)].
AB  - A study was made of an effect of irradiation on pulmonary microcirculation using
      perfusion pulmoscintigraphy indicators. Altogether 13 breast cancer patients (9
      with left-side and 4 with right-side involvement) and 9 thyroid cancer patients
      were examined before and after radiation therapy. Absorbed doses in breast cancer
      were determined by phantom measurements, for thyroid cancer by calculation.
      Perfusion pulmoscintigraphy with labeled albumin macroaggregate preceded and
      followed radiotherapy. Accumulation of the radioactivity of the drug in different
      pulmonary zones was taken into account. Slight changes of the microcirculation
      index found after irradiation, lead to a conclusion that in radiation therapy of
      breast cancer one can observe improvement of the blood flow in the pulmonary
      arterial system whereas in thyroid cancer a similar effect in the irradiated
      upper pulmonary zone was not marked. Irradiation of the root of the lung produces
      a more powerful effect on the pulmonary blood flow. Taking into account a sharp
      suppression of the arterial blood flow in some lung cancer patients (decreasing
      chemotherapy efficacy) it is suggested that change of the blood content
      developing after irradiation be used in the planning of combined therapy of lung
      cancer.

PMID- 4021747
TI  - [Indices of external respiration in patients with Hodgkin's disease long after
      irradiation of the mediastinum].
AB  - The function of the respiratory organs using the results of ventilation, gas
      exchange and roentgenopneumopolygraphy, was analysed in 98 Hodgkin's disease
      patients in a state of a prolonged remission (5-12 yrs.) after radiation therapy
      of the mediastinum. Pulmonary ventilation disorders were revealed in 43.9% of the
      patients. The degree of ventilation disorders depended on the degree of
      expression of radiation fibrosis in the paramediastinal regions of the lungs.
      Usually there were no clinical signs of the revealed changes.

PMID- 4021748
TI  - [Changes in the lungs in radiation treatment of head and neck tumors].
AB  - A study was made of the roentgenomorphological and roentgenofunctional appearance
      of pulmonary lesions in 120 patients with head and neck tumors during radiation
      therapy. Laryngeal cancer was diagnosed in 56 patients, cancer of the oral cavity
      in 48, and neck tumors in 16 patients. X-ray examination was done 1 month before
      and after the termination of gamma-beam radiotherapy, the summary focal doses
      varying from 40 to 75 Gy. The chief modes of lung examination were
      roentgenography and roentgenopneumopolygraphy. It was established that even
      before treatment the patients had latent signs of respiratory insufficiency.
      Radiotherapy, irrespective of the summary focal dose value, had a mediated effect
      on the lungs. One month after the discontinuation of radiotherapy the pulmonary
      pattern changed: its elements were enhanced and dilated, the general biomechanism
      of respiration impaired, particularly at the expense of reducing the respiratory
      mobility of the diaphragm and mediastinum, disorders of the bronchopulmonary
      ventilation increased. A multimodality x-ray study including
      roentgenopneumopolygraphy helps to detect in time regional disorders of lung
      function which is very important for prevention of lung complications.

PMID- 4021749
TI  - [The Hippocratic oath and the movement of physicians for peace against nuclear
      warfare].

PMID- 4021750
TI  - [Combined examination of the hypophysis-adrenal cortex system in breast cancer].
AB  - A multimodality radioimmunological and clinicobiochemical study showed an
      increase in the hydrocortisone level and a decrease in the ACTH level in breast
      cancer patients. Stage I, following radical mastectomy (RM). A simultaneous
      increase in the hydrocortisone, ACTH and aldosterone level after RM,
      chemotherapy, hormone therapy was noted in all patients with breast cancer,
      Stages II and III, with initially lowered hydrocortisone and aldosterone levels
      and an elevated ACTH level. After RM and radiotherapy the level of hydrocortisone
      decreased, that of ACTH and aldosterone and renin activity increased.
      Scintigraphically in Stage I breast cancer the adrenals were enlarged, after RM
      in some cases they remained enlarged, in other cases they returned to normal.
      Enlarged adrenals with a lowered contrast and enhanced obscurity of the contours
      were observed in Stage II and III breast cancer. After therapy the adrenals
      remained asymmetrical with a low contrast.

PMID- 4021751
TI  - [Characteristics of natural and pentacin-stimulated urinary excretion of 238Pu
      and 239Pu].
AB  - Experiments on 350 Wistar rats receiving single i. p. doses of 238Pu and 239Pu
      citrate (pH 6.5) have shown that 0.73-0.84% of the administered nuclides
      respectively are excreted with urine on the 1st day. By the end of the study (128
      260 th day) the excretion value gets stable and equals 0.013-0.018%. Change of
      the radionuclide excretion natural rate is described in 3 exponential equations.
      A significantly greater rate of 238Pu excretion was revealed as compared to that
      of 239Pu excretion over the period of the 2nd-35th day. Intravenous injection of
      pentacin at a dose of 25 mu mol/kg in one of the above periods (0.5 h, 1; 8; 32;
      128 and 256th day) after administration of the nuclides enhances their excretion
      with urine. On administering the complex after 0.5 h radionuclide excretion was
      maximum (16.7-20.0%).

PMID- 4021752
TI  - [Effect of detector sensitivity on regional indices of pulmonary function].
AB  - The paper is concerned with a qualitative assessment of the assumption of
      independence of sensitivity function on the anatomotopographic features of the
      region in a functional radionuclide study of the lungs. Sensitivity function of
      standard collimation detectors was calculated for the radionuclides 133Xe and
      99mTc. Geometrical sizes of the studied region were determined by respective CT
      transversal sections. An analysis of the calculation results showed that
      sensitivity function depended significantly on the anatomotopographic features of
      the studied region. The error of measurement determined by the variability of
      sensitivity function, easily changed from 34 to 9%.

PMID- 4021753
TI  - [Optimization of the timing of dose distribution in radiation therapy].

PMID- 4021754
TI  - [An information system in the evaluation of clinical and laboratory data].

PMID- 4021755
TI  - [A case of constrictive pericarditis developing 14 years after irradiation of the
      mediastinum].

PMID- 4021756
TI  - [Late radiation injuries of the skin of the head and their treatment].
AB  - The authors have summed up their experience gained in the diagnosis and treatment
      of radiation injuries of the head and maxillofacial region developing after
      radiotherapy of malignant tumors (105 patients) and non-tumorous diseases (47
      patients).

PMID- 4021757
TI  - [Radionuclide and macro-microangiographic study of pulmonary ventilation and
      blood flow in chronic nonspecific lung diseases].
AB  - A study was made of ventilation and perfusion in 105 patients with chronic
      pulmonary nonspecific diseases using radiopneumography with 133Xe. A simultaneous
      macro-microangiographic study was made of the pulmonary artery on specimens taken
      after lobectomy in 35 patients with bronchiectasia in the lower lobe. The control
      group was composed of 35 specimens of the healthy lungs taken from unembalmed
      cadavers of people who died of diseases unrelated to the involvement of the
      respiratory system as well as from 30 healthy people after radiopneumography.
      Asymmetry of the distribution of ventilation and perfusion is typical of patients
      with bronchiectasia. It manifests itself in a significant decrease in the VLC and
      the blood flow in the affected zone. A simultaneous compensatory rise of
      perfusion was recorded. In a macro-microangiographic study a rough deformity of
      the vascular trunks at the level of the segmental and subsegmental vessels was
      marked in these patients; angles of the outgoing of vessels of the main trunk
      decreased significantly, the number of vessels with a winding course increased.
      Simultaneous anatomostructural radionuclide studies make it possible to
      understand more deeply the essence of a pathological process.

PMID- 4021758
TI  - [Analysis of 99mTc-HIDA kinetics using an adaptive model].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the results of assaying hepatocyte function on the
      basis of an adaptive pharmacokinetic model worked out by the authors.
      Hepatoscintigraphy with 99mTc-HIDA was used in 3 phases: the vascular phase of RP
      transport (the 1st min of investigation, scintigrams with a 2 s interval), the
      parenchymatous phase (with a 20 s interval in subsequent 10 min), the biliary
      phase (with a 3 min interval). The hepatocytic phase of 99mTc-HIDA transport was
      evaluated on the basis of the adaptive 5-compartmental model calculating the
      value of transport constants. In terms of differential diagnosis, the
      intercompartmental constants K1,2 (blood-liver) and K2,1 (liver-blood) turned out
      to be the most informative. Thus the assaying of hepatocyte transport function
      using the proposed adaptive model helps to define the degree of liver involvement
      in a pathological process, to choose the therapeutic tactics and method, to
      evaluate its efficacy and to predict possible complications.

PMID- 4021759
TI  - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of metastases of colon cancer].
AB  - The authors present the results of preoperative diagnosis of metastases to the
      liver and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in colon cancer patients using computerized
      tomography (CT). Comparing CT and liver scanning the first method proved to be
      four times more effective. False positive and false negative results in CT were
      obtained in 11%, in liver scanning in 25.7%. CT made it possible to specify not
      only the dissemination of a tumor process but also to detect some concomitant
      diseases. CT can be used for a dynamic control over the efficacy of the treatment
      of cancer patients.

PMID- 4021760
TI  - [Secretion of progesterone and placental lactogen during physiological
      pregnancy].
AB  - The authors present correlation results of the information content of the
      determination of progesterone as compared to those of placental lactogen.
      Placental lactogen was determined by means of the radioimmunoassay kit "CEA IRE
      SORIN", whereas progesterone by means of the Soviet kit "STERON-II-125I" produced
      at the Institute of Organic Chemistry, AS BSSR. It has been established that the
      time course of the content of placental lactogen and progesterone in the blood in
      uncomplicated pregnancy is of positive nature and changes simultaneously. There
      is every reason for a wide use of progesterone determination during complicated
      gestation which is as informative as placental lactogen determination but more
      accessible in clinical practice.

PMID- 4021761
TI  - [Dosimetric control in interstitial gamma-therapy of malignant vaginal tumors].
AB  - Dosimetric studies were performed by means of a specially designed phantom
      schematically simulating the anatomy of the female pelvis, to investigate into
      the dose distribution of interstitial gamma-therapy. Measurements were done
      during the simulation of tumor irradiation in 4 regions of the vagina: in the
      anterior and posterior walls, in the lower and upper thirds. The urinary bladder
      posterior wall received the largest dose during irradiation of the anterior
      vaginal wall, whereas the anterior rectal wall during irradiation of the
      posterior vaginal wall. In comparing the calculated and experimental dosimetric
      data one can mark their coincidence within 20%. The authors also provide the
      results of a study of the radiation-hygienic working conditions of the staff
      responsible for administering interstitial radiation therapy.

PMID- 4021762
TI  - [Combined treatment of colon cancer with intensive preoperative irradiation].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the results of a randomized study of surgical and
      combined treatment of colon cancer patients using intensive preoperative
      irradiation; 102 were operated upon, 43 received combined treatment. It was shown
      that preoperative treatment did not raise the number of complications. Combined
      treatment made it possible to reduce the frequency of recurrences improving the 3
      year survival rates.

PMID- 4021763
TI  - [Mathematical model of the combined effects of ionizing radiation and
      hyperthermia on mammalian cells].
AB  - A previously proposed mathematical model for the depiction of the effects of
      combined ionizing radiation and hyperthermia on yeast cells of different species
      was applied to the description of experimental data on mammalian cells. The model
      suggests that the synergistic effect of combined ionizing radiation and
      hyperthermia is caused by additional lethal damages arising from the interaction
      of "sublesions" induced by both agents. These "sublesions" are not lethal after
      the action of these agents, each taken alone. It has been shown that the thermal
      enhancement ratios are strongly determined by the ratios of radiation and
      hyperthermia-induced lethal damages. The model predicts that the maximal
      synergistic effect after a separate action of these modalities will be achieved
      if the former agent induces a greater part of lethal damages as compared to the
      latter one. It has been shown that the model depicts quantitatively the synergism
      of the simultaneous action of the agents used for Chinese hamster cells and
      predicts the maximal value of the synergistic effect, conditions under which it
      can be achieved and the dependence of the synergistic effect on the do se rate.

PMID- 4021764
TI  - [Radiosensitizing effect of hyperthermia on mouse skin in relation to temperature
      and time of irradiation].

PMID- 4021765
TI  - [Effect of various concentrations of 3H-thymidine on the kinetics of Chinese
      hamster cell division].
AB  - A study of the asynchronous culture of Chinese hamster fibroblasts by
      autoradiography has shown that the pulse (15 min) incorporation of 3H-thymidine
      in nuclear DNA influences the kinetics of labeled cell proliferation. The results
      obtained suggest that one of the early biological effects of the pulse
      incorporation of 3H-thymidine is a delay in the occurrence of the first mitosis.
      With the concentration of 3H-thymidine 37 kBq/ml the slowing down of of the
      movement of labeled cells in the cycle is detected by a shift and overlapping of
      waves of labeled and unlabeled mitotic cells. In an increase of the concentration
      up to 370-925 kBq/ml the pattern of the curves of labeled mitotic cells is
      distorted. These distortions are well interpreted by the nature of change of the
      index of labeled and unlabeled mitotic cells. A lowered index of labeled nuclei
      points to a decrease in the proliferative activity of labeled cells. After an
      increase in 3H-thymidine concentration from 37 up to 370-925 kBq/ml the mitotic
      activity of cells labeled at the end of S-phase decreases from 1 to 0.6-0.1%
      respectively. With the concentration of 925 kBq/ml for these cells incorporating
      3H-thymidine at the end of S-phase, a delay of the entry into mitosis reaches 6-8
      h. Autoradiography data with the assessment of granule density suggest that
      mitotic activity and the period of delay in the occurrence of mitosis depend on
      the dose of irradiation with intranuclear tritium. Thus the tritium dose rate
      after 15 min of incubation with 3H-thymidine is 0.03, 0.27 and 0.69 Gy/h for
      concentrations 37,370 and 925 kBq/ml respectively.

PMID- 4021767
TI  - [Infrared and ultrahigh-frequency thermography in breast cancer].

PMID- 4021766
TI  - [Structure of DNA from the rat thymus during prolonged exposure to tritium oxide
      and external gamma-irradiation].
AB  - Thymus depopulation, DNA destruction as estimated according to the level of
      single-stranded breaks (SSB) and DNA structural derangement revealed by the
      viscosimetric assay of alkaline lysed thymocytes were observed in the course of a
      prolonged (1 mos) radiation exposure to tritium oxide (the 1st group) and
      equidimensional external gamma-irradiation (the 2nd group) in a summary dose of
      10 Gy in rats. Depletion and destruction were 1.5-2 times more pronounced in case
      of HTO exposure. A study of the repair has revealed an increase in the number of
      hardly repairable or irrepairable breaks by the end of the study: by the 25th day
      the number of SSB repaired after additional test irradiation was O and 30% in the
      rats of the 1st and 2nd groups respectively.

PMID- 4021768
TI  - [Psychopathologic features of patients with mitral prolapse].

PMID- 4021769
TI  - [Personality factors, psychological distress and "illness behavior" in patients
      before heart surgery].

PMID- 4021770
TI  - [Behavior and psychopathology during the climacteric].

PMID- 4021771
TI  - [The Beck Depression Inventory in psychosomatic research].

PMID- 4021772
TI  - [Pilot community experiment for the social rehabilitation of schizophrenics].

PMID- 4021773
TI  - ["Handicapped" children in normal classes. Study of a sample].

PMID- 4021774
TI  - [Chronic depression. Etiologic and clinical aspects].

PMID- 4021775
TI  - [Further considerations on the relation between weather conditions and epileptic
      seizures in the Province of Brescia].

PMID- 4021776
TI  - [Treatment of anxious-depressive syndromes with Mianserin hydrochloride.
      Statistical evaluation of the data by Student's "t test"].

PMID- 4021777
TI  - [Reserpine and depression. Clinical cases].

PMID- 4021778
TI  - [Benzodiazepine abstinence syndrome. Case report].

PMID- 4021779
TI  - The efficiency of human movement--a statement of the problem.
AB  - This paper is an introduction to a multidisciplinary series of papers on the
      efficiency of human movement. The problem is posed by citing the example of the
      large variation in oxygen uptake (per kg body weight) within a typical group of
      subjects running at the same submaximal speed. An analog of the possible causes
      of this variation is presented where "set points" for biomechanical,
      physiological, psychological, biochemical, and other factors combine in series to
      influence the overall energy cost. The various definitions of "efficiency" and
      "economy" are considered at the whole body and the isolated muscle level, and a
      discussion of baseline subtraction is presented. The concept of "effectiveness"
      is reviewed to illustrate the interaction of skilled performance and energy cost.
      It is recommended that the terms "muscular efficiency," "muscle efficiency,"
      "economy," and "effectiveness" be used in their respective contexts to replace
      the current diversity of overlapping and, at times, confusing terminology.

PMID- 4021780
TI  - A comparison between free-weight and isokinetic bench pressing.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to evaluate selected parameters describing
      performance characteristics of a free-weight and isokinetic bench press. A
      secondary purpose was an attempt to clarify the technique requirements essential
      for a successful lift. Parameters describing the free-weight condition were
      generated from cinematographic data (150 fps) for five trials each at 90 and 75%
      of the subject's maximal performance (1RM). Isokinetic data were obtained from an
      instrumented Cybex Power Bench Press at two speeds corresponding to the average
      speeds for the free-weight conditions. Despite differences, accommodation
      appeared to occur for both methods when the lifts were performed maximally. A
      "sticking region" was defined as the portion of the free-weight activity when the
      subjects' force application was less than the weight of the bar. No significant
      difference (P less than 0.05) was observed between the 90% 1RM (26.02%) and 75%
      1RM (26.94%) mean relative time values for these regions. For the Cybex device,
      the percentage of the activity which was isokinetic was longer for the slower
      speeds of rotation (0.47 rad X s-1 = 70%) and steadily decreased until the
      movement was only 50% isokinetic at 1.74 rad X s-1. The observed relationships
      between applied force-time data along with anatomical considerations suggest an
      ideal technique for the lift.

PMID- 4021781
TI  - Water intoxication: a possible complication during endurance exercise.
AB  - Four athletes developed water intoxication (hyponatremia) during endurance events
      lasting more than 7 h. The etiology of the condition appears to be voluntary
      hyperhydration with hypotonic solutions combined with moderate sweat sodium
      chloride losses. The reason why the fluid excess in these runners was not
      corrected by increased urinary losses is unknown. When advised to drink less
      during prolonged exercise, three of the athletes have subsequently completed
      prolonged endurance events uneventfully.

PMID- 4021782
TI  - Endurance exercise modifies cachexia of tumor growth in rats.
AB  - Food intakes, body composition, skeletal muscle mass, muscle protein synthesis,
      and myofibrillar protein degradation were studied in normal, food-restricted
      (FR), and Walker 256 tumor-bearing (TB) male Sprague-Dawley rats which were
      exercised (E) or maintained in a sedentary state. Exercise was enforced 3 times
      per wk for 100 min X session-1 at 20 m X min-1 on a 13% incline for 7 wk. Tumors
      were transplanted 3 wk after beginning the exercise program and were allowed to
      grow for 29 d. Food restriction was initiated during the last 2 wk of tumor
      growth. Food intakes and body lipid stores were reduced in all E groups, whereas
      body nitrogen was reduced only in the TBS animals. All E animals had
      significantly higher gastrocnemius muscle/body weight ratios than their sedentary
      counterparts, with the greatest ratio noted for the TBE animals. Muscle protein
      synthesis, measured by incorporation of [3H]tyrosine into gastrocnemius muscle,
      was significantly depressed in both FR and TB animals. Muscle protein breakdown,
      estimated by urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion, was significantly elevated in
      TB animals and slightly increased in FR animals. The results suggest that tumor
      presence significantly alters protein turnover to a greater extent than elicited
      by food restriction alone. Additionally, although exercise may have initially
      protected the animal by retarding tumor growth and muscle mass depletion, in the
      end, the energy costs of exercise accelerated the catabolic state.

PMID- 4021783
TI  - [Malnutrition: realities and perspectives].

PMID- 4021784
TI  - [Training of community health aides in the subject of nutrition].
AB  - Struggling with nutritional diseases requires strategies to get through: the
      training of community health workers (C.H.W.) represents one among others. After
      strong arguments are made on whether or not these C.H.W. are relevant to support
      the community in an attempt to increase its nutritional status, some
      prerequisites are listed out according to certain criteria. In order to write
      down a complete training plan, an intervention model and a step by step approach
      are submitted. In developing technical and community organization skills, the
      C.H.W. is better off for being involved at the local level. Nevertheless
      information channel and the process of problem solving are keys important to
      consider for the C.H.W. in his social commitment, providing that concerned
      sectors and disciplines participate under health personnel initiatives.

PMID- 4021785
TI  - An experimental study of the effect of infection on microvascular anastomosis.
AB  - The effect of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection on the patency
      of microvascular anastomosis was studied in an experimental model. Histological
      and SEM studies were also performed. It was found that the presence of infection
      did not significantly lower the patency rate of rat femoral artery re
      anastomosis.

PMID- 4021786
TI  - Enhancement of blood flow in experimental microvascular free flaps.
AB  - Prolonged ischemia may result in tissue death because of the no-reflow
      phenomenon. By raising a flap 24 hours prior to subjecting it to ischemia, the
      authors have been able to significantly lengthen the ischemia interval prior to
      the onset of tissue death. These effects are believed to be the result of
      alteration of the no-reflow phenomenon.

PMID- 4021787
TI  - New disposable microvascular clamp.
AB  - A new design for a plastic microvascular clamp is described. The clamp consists
      of two flat blades, with eyes permitting application and removal of the clamp
      with cross-forceps. Closure is effected by the elasticity of a rubber ring placed
      around the blades, obviating the need for an articular joint or a spring
      mechanism. The new design simplifies production of the clamp, which is intended
      to be disposable, i.e., for once-only use.

PMID- 4021788
TI  - A digit replantation model.
AB  - A simple, inexpensive, reproducible, and reliable model for digital replantation
      is described utilizing the rabbit ear. When compared to the human digit, it
      provides benefits over previous models. It is of similar tissue type and
      characteristics. The vessels closely approximate the digit in size and number.
      Results are easily quantified and the opportunity for a paired control in the
      same animal exists. Therefore, experimental design and statistical calculations
      may be simplified. The model can function for either replantation or
      revascularization with only slight changes in its preparation. Survival rates
      have been over 90%. In addition, the model provides an excellent forum for the
      development of technical expertise in the aspiring microvascular surgeon.

PMID- 4021789
TI  - Empty perineurial tube graft used to repair a digital nerve: a first case report.
AB  - The first clinical application using the medial cutaneous nerve as an empty
      perineurial tube graft in a patient with sensory deficit in the index finger is
      described. The technique used is described and results are evaluated both
      qualitatively and quantitatively. Nerve regeneration is obtained through the
      graft.

PMID- 4021790
TI  - Free vascularized nerve grafts: an experimental study in the rabbit.
AB  - An experimental animal model of a vascularized graft is presented as an
      alternative to recover faster function. The technique is described and the model
      compared to a conventional graft in the sciatic nerve of a rabbit. Results are
      evaluated with histological studies and quantified using a computer to measure
      the thickness of the myelin sheath as a correspondence factor of regeneration.
      Results showed a more favorable regeneration when a vascularized graft was used.

PMID- 4021791
TI  - Evaluation of patency of synthetic and autogenous venous and arterial micrografts
      in rats.
AB  - Long-term patency rates of synthetic and autogenous venous and arterial
      microvascular grafts in rats were compared. The grafts were interposed between
      the carotid arteries. The geometry of the anastomoses was designed in a manner
      intended to be comparable to the situation commonly encountered in cerebral
      revascularization procedures in man. Patency rates were 37.5% for synthetic
      grafts, 90% for venous grafts, and 60% for arterial grafts. Venous grafts are the
      best currently available microvascular prostheses.

PMID- 4021792
TI  - Effect of sympathectomy on microvascular anastomosis in the rat.
AB  - An operative technique of lumbar sympathectomy in the rat is described. Two days
      following either sympathectomy or sham-sympathectomy, bilateral femoral arterial
      anastomoses were performed by a 1-year trained microsurgeon (S.A.H.) and patency
      was assessed by preoperative and postoperative (30 minutes, daily) operative
      invasive and noninvasive techniques using an electromagnetic flow meter (for
      immediate postoperative) and Doppler, respectively. Of 112 rats, three and one
      postoperative deaths occurred within 24 hours following abdominal surgery in each
      group, respectively. Of 105 anastomoses in the sympathectomy group, 103 (98%) and
      101 (96%) had patent anastomoses 30 minutes and 14 days postoperatively,
      respectively, while 109 of the sham-sympathectomy group had 105 (96%) and 103
      (94%) patencies at the same period of the observation, respectively. Thus the
      sympathectomy did not much alter the microvascular patency rate in the rat. It
      appears therefore that the meticulous microvascular anastomosis cannot be
      replaced by lumbar sympathectomy in the rat.

PMID- 4021794
TI  - National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: research program on
      mental retardation.

PMID- 4021793
TI  - Debridement and replantation of the spleen with microsurgical restoration of
      blood flow.
AB  - Splenectomy continues to be the most commonly chosen method of management of
      traumatic injury to the spleen. However, patients of all age groups who have
      undergone splenectomy have significant impairment of immune functions as
      demonstrated by decreased production of IGM, tufsin, and properdin. This immune
      deficiency has been clinically manifested by an increased incidence of
      postsplenectomy pneumonia and sepsis which is reduced but not eliminated by the
      use of pneumococcal vaccine and/or prophylactic antibiotics. This paper presents
      the results of a study of the feasibility of repair and replantation of injured
      spleens using microsurgical techniques. Twenty cats had their spleens removed,
      finger-fractured, and debrided. The cats were then assigned to one of four
      groups. Group I had the entire spleen replanted but only 75% of the parenchyma
      revascularized. Group II had 75% of the parenchyma revascularized and replanted.
      Group III had 50% revascularized and replanted, and Group IV 25% revascularized
      and replanted. Patency of the anastomoses was assessed by postoperative
      arteriography. Restoration of reticuloendothelial (filter) function was assessed
      by the use of technetium sulphur colloid scans which showed preservation of
      reticuloendothelial function of the revascularized segments but absence of
      function in nonrevascularized segments which had been replanted. Histologic
      examination of replanted spleens harvested at 8 weeks showed normal architecture
      of red and white pulp in all areas that had been revascularized. However, in
      those spleens where the entire spleen had been replanted but only partially
      revascularized, the nonrevascularized segments were degenerated and atrophic.

PMID- 4021795
TI  - Symposium: residential institutions. Institutions: what is going on?

PMID- 4021796
TI  - Stability of residential facilities for people who are mentally retarded, 1977
      1982.

PMID- 4021797
TI  - Staffing ratios in public institutions for persons with mental retardation in the
      United States.

PMID- 4021798
TI  - Placement decisions and their effects on the development of individuals with
      severe mental retardation.

PMID- 4021800
TI  - Work attendance in competitive employment: comparison between employees who are
      nonhandicapped and those who are mentally retarded.

PMID- 4021799
TI  - Effects of a self-recording procedure on the attending to task behavior and
      academic productivity of adolescents with multiple handicaps.

PMID- 4021801
TI  - Involuntary euthanasia and current attempts to define persons with mental
      retardation as less than human.

PMID- 4021802
TI  - Catabolism of branched-chain amino acids by diaphragm muscles of fasted and
      diabetic rats.
AB  - In vitro catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, leucine and valine, was
      investigated using diaphragm muscles from normal, streptozotocin-diabetic and
      overnight fasted rats. Oxidation and transamination of [1-14C] branched-chain
      amino acids were both stimulated to a similar extent by diabetes or fasting, when
      diaphragms were incubated with glucose. Transamination of leucine and valine was
      increased when diaphragms were incubated with pyruvate; stimulation of
      transamination was greatest in diaphragms from diabetic rats. Leucine and valine
      oxidation by control diaphragms was inhibited by pyruvate while it was unchanged
      or slightly stimulated in diaphragms from fasted or diabetic rats. Thus
      diaphragms from diabetic rats oxidized two to threefold more branched-chain amino
      acids than controls when they were incubated with pyruvate. The specific
      radioactivity of extracellular alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC; the product of leucine
      transamination) produced by diaphragms incubated with [14C]leucine was similar
      for all groups (fed, fasted, or diabetic) in the presence or absence of pyruvate.
      Oxidation of [1-14C]KIC by diaphragms from fasted or diabetic rats, incubated
      with glucose, was the same or less than KIC oxidation by control diaphragms.
      Incubation with pyruvate inhibited KIC oxidation by control diaphragms to a
      significantly greater degree than that by diaphragms from diabetic or fasted
      rats. These data suggest the following Flux through branched-chain amino acid
      transaminase is limited by the availability of amino group acceptors in
      diaphragms from normal and overnight fasted rats, and to a greater extent in
      diaphragms from diabetic rats. Flux through the transaminase may be a major
      determinant of accelerated branched-chain amino acid oxidation by diaphragms in
      fasting and diabetes. In diaphragms of fasted and diabetic rats, flux through the
      branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex is resistant to inhibition by
      pyruvate, which is normally observed in controls.

PMID- 4021803
TI  - Vitamin E and red blood cell glutathione.
AB  - High doses of orally administered vitamin E (1000 IU/day) have been given to ten
      normal volunteers. Ten control subjects received placebo. Red blood cell
      glutathione was significantly higher in treated subjects than in the controls
      (controls: 267.5 +/- 15.7 micrograms/mL; treated: 374.8 +/- 17.3 micrograms/mL).
      These findings could be explained by an increase of glutathione synthesis brought
      about by the stimulation of glutathione synthetase activity. An alternative
      possibility is a reduced utilization of glutathione for the detoxification of
      free radicals. These two mechanisms could be effective in counteracting the
      glutathione content feedback of the synthetizing enzymes.

PMID- 4021804
TI  - Apolipoprotein B synthesis in humans: liver synthesizes only apolipoprotein B
      100.
AB  - Apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and B-48 are prominent apolipoproteins in VLDL, IDL,
      and chylomicrons. Organ cultures of normal adult human liver were established to
      ascertain the form of apo B synthesized by hepatocytes in humans. Human liver was
      minced and incubated in 15 mL methionine-free RPMI-1640 medium with 10% dialyzed
      fetal calf serum plus 250 microCi 35S-methionine for eight hours at 37 degrees C.
      Lipoproteins secreted by the liver were isolated by ultracentrifugation and the
      content of newly synthesized apo B determined by quantitation of radioactivity in
      the apoB-100 and apoB-48 bands after separation by 3% NaDodSO4 gel
      electrophoresis. In the eight-hour period, 2.5% to 3.2% of added 35S-methionine
      was secreted in TCA-precipitable protein of which 0.34% was apo B. Ninety-nine
      percent of the apo B in VLDL, IDL, and LDL was in the apo B-100 electrophoretic
      band. No significant radioactivity was detected in the apo B-48 electrophoretic
      band. Eighty-nine percent of the total radioactivity of apo B-100 was in VLDL
      with 3% and 8% in IDL and LDL, respectively. These results establish that adult
      human liver in organ culture synthesizes apo B-100 but not apo B-48.

PMID- 4021805
TI  - An in vivo study of muscle phosphate metabolism in Becker's dystrophy by 31P NMR
      spectroscopy.
AB  - The forearm flexor muscles of five patients with Becker's dystrophy were examined
      by the painless and noninvasive technique of high resolution phosphorus nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the mildly affected cases, the ratios of the
      signals of phosphocreatine to ATP and to inorganic phosphate were normal but they
      were reduced in the patients with advanced disease. Absolute quantitation under
      the conditions of the study was not feasible, but it was probable that whereas in
      advanced Becker's dystrophy the intramyocellular concentration of phosphocreatine
      was reduced, that of ATP was unchanged. The intramyocellular pH was normal in
      three of the four patients in whom this could be measured and an additional
      unidentified signal between those of phosphocreatine and inorganic phosphate was
      recorded in two patients. This study emphasizes some metabolic similarities
      between Becker's and Duchenne type muscular dystrophy and suggests that nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy may be a useful and objective technique with
      which to investigate the biochemistry of these and other muscle diseases.

PMID- 4021807
TI  - Tracking of high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol from childhood to young
      adulthood in a single large kindred with familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Tracking of high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC, LDLC) from
      childhood to young adulthood was assessed in 77 children and in 53 adults from a
      single large pedigree with familial hypercholesterolemia who were respectively
      less than or equal to 19 and greater than or equal to 20 years old when first
      studied in 1973, with reassessment in 1984. No children and only five of the
      adults had received LDLC lowering therapy from 1973 to 1984. The rank
      correlations between the 1973 and 1984 measurements for LDLC were 0.73, 0.74, and
      0.87; and for HDLC were 0.55, 0.73, and 0.65 (P less than 0.0001 for all
      correlations), respectively for relatives who were less than or equal to 12, 13
      to 19, and greater than or equal to 20 years old in 1973. The 1973:1984 LDLC and
      HDLC correlations, categorized by relationships to the proband, were as follows:
      (1) unrelated, LDLC = 0.16, HDLC = 0.56;* (2) first-degree relatives, LDLC =
      0.90, HDLC = 0.30; (3) second-degree relatives, LDLC = 0.79, HDLC = 0.39; and (4)
      other relatives, LDLC = 0.62, HDLC = 0.64. All nine of the probands' first-degree
      relatives who were above the age-sex specific LDLC 95th percentile in 1973 were
      also greater than the 95th percentile for LDLC in 1984. Similarly, seven of eight
      second-degree relatives with LDLC greater than the 95th percentile in 1973 were
      greater than the 95th percentile in 1984, as were ten of 15 other relatives. LDLC
      levels in childhood in this extended kindred were highly predictive of adult
      values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4021806
TI  - Hyperuricemia and hypertriglyceridemia: metabolic basis for the association.
AB  - Hypertriglyceridemia has been reported frequently in patients with hyperuricemia
      and gout. The current studies have evaluated this relationship. To examine
      whether hypertriglyceridemia leads to hyperuricemia, IV intralipid was given to
      three gouty patients. Triglycerides increased from 169 to 700 mg/dl for three
      hours but caused no change in serum urate level or urine uric acid and oxypurine
      excretion. We next examined whether high carbohydrate intake increases serum
      urate and triglyceride levels. Four obese patients were placed on a 2000 kcal/d
      sucrose diet for seven days. The serum urate increased from 6.3 +/- 1.7 to 7.9 +/
      2.0 mg/dL. The percent uric acid clearance to creatinine clearance decreased
      from 5.9 +/- 1.3 to the lowest mean value of 3.7 +/- 1.2, while serum
      triglycerides increased from 106 +/- 33 to 252 +/- 57 mg/dL and blood lactate
      from 607 +/- 227 to 1167 +/- 381 mumol/L. A 3000 kcal/d glucose diet in four
      other obese subjects produced no change in serum urate levels but increased
      lactate and triglyceride levels. During an isocaloric sucrose diet in two normal
      men, the serum urate level increased from 5.3 and 4.0 to peak values of 9.5 and
      7.4 mg/dL. The percent uric acid to creatinine clearance decreased from 5.6 and
      6.6 to 2.9 and 3.3. The uric acid turnover did not increase. In three gouty
      patients the mean serum urate increased from 8.5 +/- 1.5 to 10.6 +/- 1.4 mg/dL
      following an isocaloric sucrose diet. The urine uric acid excretion increased
      from 0.30 and 0.25 to 0.37 and 0.38 mg/mg creatinine in two patients.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4021808
TI  - Steroids and isoprenoids. Part A.

PMID- 4021809
TI  - Photolabile analogs of the allylic pyrophosphate substrate of prenyltransferases.

PMID- 4021810
TI  - Eukaryotic prenyltransferases.

PMID- 4021811
TI  - Prenyltransferase from human liver.

PMID- 4021812
TI  - Geranylgeranylpyrophosphate synthetase of pig liver.

PMID- 4021813
TI  - Geranylpyrophosphate synthetase-geranylgeranylpyrophosphate synthetase from
      Micrococcus luteus.

PMID- 4021814
TI  - Hexaprenylpyrophosphate synthetase of Micrococcus luteus B-P 26.

PMID- 4021815
TI  - Nonaprenylpyrophosphate synthetase from Micrococcus luteus.

PMID- 4021816
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of phytoene.

PMID- 4021817
TI  - Aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase.

PMID- 4021818
TI  - 4-Hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase from rat liver.

PMID- 4021819
TI  - Dimethylallylpyrophosphate: L-tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase.

PMID- 4021820
TI  - Insect 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase.

PMID- 4021821
TI  - Mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase from chicken liver.

PMID- 4021822
TI  - Use of oxygenated sterols to probe the regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      CoA reductase and sterologenesis.

PMID- 4021823
TI  - Isopentenyldiphosphate delta-isomerase.

PMID- 4021824
TI  - Symposium proceedings. Screening and its scientific spin-off. Utrecht, The
      Netherlands, 5 October 1984.

PMID- 4021825
TI  - Model building on the basis of Dutch cervical cancer screening data.
AB  - A mass screening programme for cervical cancer is in progress in three pilot
      regions in The Netherlands. All women living in these regions aged 35-53 are
      invited to undergo screening at three-year intervals. The MISCAN simulation model
      was developed for the analysis and optimization of screening programmes. In this
      paper the model-based approach to evaluation is first outlined and then
      illustrated by analysing data from the first two screening rounds in the pilot
      regions. This analysis resulted in a rather restricted range of data-compatible
      assumptions for the mean duration of preclinical disease (14-19 yr) and the
      frequency of spontaneous regression of preinvasive lesions (45-65%), as well as a
      rather wide sensitivity range for the Pap smear (50-90%). These preliminary
      findings are compared with those of a previous MISCAN analysis of cervical cancer
      screening in British Columbia. On the basis of an assumed 18-yr duration, 50%
      regression and 70% sensitivity, a number of screening policies relating to the
      same age ranges but with different intervals are compared. Both the analysis and
      the policy comparisons are preliminary, but the findings are nevertheless
      reasonable and consistent with those of previous studies. A more complete MISCAN
      based analysis of the Dutch screening programme and subsequent optimization of
      screening policies will be possible when further results become available and a
      cost-effectiveness analysis procedure has been incorporated into the MISCAN
      programme.

PMID- 4021826
TI  - Effect of population screening for carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Finland.
AB  - The organization of a nationwide population-based screening programme for
      cervical cancer in Finland is described. The annual incidence of invasive
      cervical cancer decreased from about 14 to 6 cases per 100,000 during the
      implementation of the programme. The time trends, age specificity and comparisons
      with other countries support the conclusion that the organized screening
      programme was effective in reducing the risk. However, there is no convincing
      evidence in support of expanding the overall programme to cover a wider age span
      than 30 to 60 yr or of screening the individual woman more frequently than once
      every 5 yr, even though these are the current recommendations.

PMID- 4021827
TI  - Diagnosis analysis in breast cancer and cervical cancer screening.
AB  - Assessment of the accuracy of diagnostic procedures has been made independent of
      the diagnostic criteria used by means of Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC)
      analysis. A ROC curve describes the mutual relationship between the sensitivity
      and specificity of a diagnostic decision on the basis of various diagnostic
      criteria. The construction of such ROC curves is made possible if diagnoses are
      graded into levels of certainty. The curve enables the choice of an operating
      point with predetermined sensitivity and specificity values for the diagnosis
      decision. The population-based breast-cancer and cervical cancer screening
      projects carried out in Utrecht demonstrated an excellent fit between actual data
      and the calculated ROC curves. Analysis of the accuracy or performance of
      cytological diagnosis uncovered a problem arising from the similarly graded
      histopathological reference criteria used to determine the 'truth' of the
      cytological diagnosis decisions. The proposed solution is a serial calculation of
      ROC curves, one for each level differentiating between the histopathological
      categories. The ensuing three-dimensional ROC hill may reveal a summit marking
      numerically advantageous diagnosis criterion levels for both the test and the
      disease to be detected, or a depression signalling locally below-standard
      detection performance.

PMID- 4021828
TI  - Attempts to evaluate a non-randomized breast cancer screening programme (the 'DOM
      project').
AB  - In December 1974 a non-randomized breast cancer screening programme was initiated
      for women born between 1911 and 1925 in the city of Utrecht (The Netherlands).
      The organization, response and early outcomes were encouraging. The late outcomes
      i.e., long-term benefits, were analysed by comparing the Utrecht findings with
      mortality data for other large cities in The Netherlands which do not operate
      screening programmes. No great differences were seen. Nevertheless, some long
      term benefit was forecast by a case-control study--the odds ratio of dying from
      breast cancer among ever-screened women compared with that in never-screened
      women was 0.29 (95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.62).

PMID- 4021829
TI  - The assessment of lead time and length bias in the evaluation of screening
      programmes.
AB  - The evaluation of screening programmes for cancer is discussed with particular
      reference to lead time and length bias. The epidemiological approach,
      concentrating on the population screened instead of the cases detected, leads to
      a useful evaluation of the concepts of lead time and length bias, being closely
      related to the natural history of the disease in question. This is shown by
      reviewing screening programmes for these different diseases: breast cancer, lung
      cancer and cervical cancer.

PMID- 4021830
TI  - A case-control study of endometrial cancer within a cohort.
AB  - In a population-based prospective study it was shown that weight, height,
      overweight, total body size, age at first birth, parity and age at menopause are
      risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer. The finding that the
      patients had had a higher oestrogen excretion level than the controls some time
      before diagnosis constitutes the biochemical background for the effect of some of
      the above variables.

PMID- 4021831
TI  - Endocrinological studies on breast cancer in the framework of a screening
      programme.
AB  - A review is presented of epidemiological investigations carried out since 1974 at
      Preventicon concerning hormonal aspects of the epidemiology of breast cancer. In
      addition, some preliminary findings are reported of a study designed to test the
      hypothesis of luteal insufficiency as a forerunner of cancer of the breast.

PMID- 4021832
TI  - Rarefication of the arterioles and capillary network in the brain of rats with
      different forms of hypertension.
AB  - The angioarchitecture of rat brain with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-saline
      and renal forms of experimental hypertension were studied and compared with those
      of normotensive rats. The number of pial arteries of the third, fourth, and fifth
      order of branching was lower and their diameter smaller in hypertensive animals
      as compared with controls. In the medulla oblongata, pons, and mesencephalon the
      number of arterioles was lower and the total length of capillaries per unit
      volume was shorter in the experimental group. Rarefication of the capillary
      network was observed also in rats with spontaneous hypertension. Rarefication was
      found to begin at the earliest stage of developing hypertension. It was observed
      as soon as 24 hr after the ligation of the remaining kidney in rats with
      unilateral nephrectomy. A substantial decrease was recorded in the number of pial
      arteries with preserved lumens. The hypothesis that the rarefaction of the
      vascular net in the brain may lead to the formation of zones of ischemia is
      presented here.

PMID- 4021833
TI  - Microcirculation velocity changes under hypoxia in brain, muscles, liver, and
      their physiological significance.
AB  - Linear blood flow velocity in brain, muscle capillaries and hepatic sinusoids was
      measured by means of microfilming in normal and hypoxemic rats (breathing with 7%
      O2 in N2). The mean flow velocity was found to increase by 66% in brain
      capillaries and by 12% in hepatic sinusoids. In skeletal muscle the blood flow
      ceased in about 40% of the capillaries under investigation and in the others the
      flow velocity slowed down twofold. Different response to hypoxemia was explained
      by the physiological function peculiarities of the organs in question as well as
      the type of the energetic exchange and that of the microvascular net structure.

PMID- 4021834
TI  - Fenestrated capillaries in the connective tissues of the periodontal ligament.
AB  - A quantitative ultrastructural study was undertaken to assess the number and
      distribution of fenestrated capillaries in the periodontal ligaments of the rat
      dentition. Experiments were conducted on four animals using the right mandibular
      incisors and first molars. For the incisor, analysis was performed in three sites
      along the length of the periodontal ligament. Regardless of site, there was 0.1
      fenestration per micron2 of endothelium. In the basal region, the incisor
      periodontal ligament contained 3.5 X 10(6) fenestrations per mm3 of tissue
      whereas more occlusally it contained 1 X 10(6) fenestrations per mm3 of tissue.
      For the molar, the capillaries showed more fenestrations, 0.4 fenestration per
      micron2 of endothelium. There were also more per unit volume of tissue, 12 X
      10(6) fenestrations per mm3. Thus, the vasculatures of the rat incisor and molar
      periodontal ligaments exhibit significant numbers of fenestrations which, in the
      case of the incisor, are not distributed uniformly along its length.

PMID- 4021835
TI  - Measurements of the membrane potential of arterial smooth muscle in anesthetized
      animals and its relationship to changes in artery diameter.
AB  - Intracellular recordings of membrane potential were made from the smooth muscle
      of small (90-200 micron i.d.) arteries in the ears of anaesthetized guinea pigs
      and rabbits. Perivascular nerve stimulation evoked excitatory junction potentials
      and action potentials in the smooth muscle. No spontaneous muscle action
      potentials were recorded. Local block of perivascular nerve activity with
      tetrodotoxin caused a vasodilatation and a small hyperpolarization of the smooth
      muscle. Prazosin caused a smaller vasodilatation and no hyperpolarization. It was
      concluded that some of the nerve-mediated arterial tone may be caused by
      noradrenaline acting alpha 1-receptors, and some by some other mechanism.

PMID- 4021836
TI  - The microvasculature in skeletal muscle. I. Arteriolar network in rat
      spinotrapezius muscle.
AB  - A quantitative analysis of blood flow dynamics in skeletal muscle requires a
      detailed picture of the microvascular network. This report presents an analysis
      of the arteriolar network structure in the spinotrapezius muscle of the rat. The
      microvasculature is visualized by injection of a carbon suspension and recorded
      in the form of photomicrographs with a complete reconstruction of the
      microvasculature on transparent overlays. The spinotrapezius muscle has several
      major feeding arterioles which supply blood into an extensive meshwork of
      interconnecting or arcading arterioles spanning the entire muscle. The
      connections from the arcade arterioles to the capillaries are provided by
      transverse arterioles, which branch from the arcades at regular intervals. Each
      transverse arteriole forms a single asymmetric dichotomous tree and within each
      muscle there is a wide range in the size of transverse arterioles. A new
      branching schema is proposed to describe the arteriolar network. A set of network
      parameters is derived and typical values of these parameters in the
      spinotrapezius muscle of the rat are provided.

PMID- 4021837
TI  - The effect of long-term intraarterial norepinephrine infusion on transcapillary
      fluid and protein transport.
AB  - The effect of long-term (4 hr) intraarterial norepinephrine (NOR) infusion on
      vascular resistance (R), transcapillary fluid movement (Jv), and protein
      transport (Js) was determined in the isolated hindlimb of the dog. The limb was
      isolated by an occluding tourniquet and perfused at constant pressure with blood
      from the opposite femoral artery. Tissue volume changes were detected with a
      Whitney (1953) mercury-in-rubber strain gauge and protein transport assessed by
      direct monitoring of the rate of accumulation of 125I-albumin in the tissue.
      Periodically venous pressure (Pv) was elevated 20 mm Hg in order to estimate the
      capillary filtration coefficient (Kf) and to determine whether or not prolonged
      NOR exposure modified the microcirculatory response to increased pressure.
      Infusing NOR at a delivered dose ranging from 0.026 to 0.13 micrograms/ml
      significantly elevated R for the entire infusion period. Tissue volume and
      radioactivity declined transiently and then returned to the control level within
      15 min and remained at this level for the remainder of the infusion period. These
      changes were attributed to blood volume shifts. Elevating Pv during NOR infusion
      further increased R to an extent which exceeded that during control. Jv and Js
      were elevated to a greater extent than during control with the delta Js exceeding
      delta Jv. The changes in Jv are probably due to an increase in microvascular
      surface area as reflected in an elevated Kf. The greater increase in Js is due in
      part to an increase in convective transport across a greater microvascular
      surface area. However, since the ratio of Js/Jv increased with Pv elevation
      following NOR, the increased Js may represent a change in microvascular
      permeability produced by the increased Pv. It is also possible that due to
      myogenic activity or a venous-arteriolar reflex, the microvascular pressure
      profile was shifted toward the venous side where the reflection coefficient is
      lower.

PMID- 4021838
TI  - Use of digital cross-correlation for on-line determination of single-vessel blood
      flow in the mammalian kidney.
AB  - The empirical relationship between erythrocyte velocity (Vrbc) and mean blood
      velocity (Vblood) was studied in quartz capillaries by television microscopy
      using the dual-slit technique. A newly designed desktop digital on-line cross
      correlator was combined with a computer to determine Vrbc. The accuracy of the
      digital correlator was tested for velocities ranging from 0 to 3 mm/sec and
      compared with values determined using an analog tracking correlation device.
      There was good agreement. Small-bore glass tubes with diameters ranging from 12
      to 26 micron were perfused with suspensions of erythrocytes having hematocrits
      between 10 and 37%. The relationship between mean blood velocity and erythrocyte
      velocity in these quartz tubes was found to be Vblood = 0.88 Vrbc - 0.11, and was
      independent of diameter and hematocrit within the range investigated. The mean
      ratio for Vrbc/Vblood was 1.42 +/- 0.06.

PMID- 4021839
TI  - Interspecific comparison of subcutaneous tissue fluid pressure in the bat wing.
AB  - Tissue fluid pressures were recorded from subcutaneous tissues of three bat
      species by means of an improved servo-micropipet pressure recording system.
      Experimental animals were restrained but unanesthetized during the procedure by
      methods which avoided vascular occlusion. Tissue fluid pressures averaged +0.46
      +/- 2.08 mm Hg (n = 12) in the Mexican free-tailed bat, +0.21 +/- 0.63 mm Hg (n =
      14) in the pallid bat, and -0.31 +/- 1.01 mm Hg (n = 12) in the little brown bat.
      None of the average values differed significantly (P greater than 0.25) from the
      others or from atmospheric pressure (P greater than 0.20). Tissue fluid pressures
      in the subcutis of the bat were near atmospheric in agreement with the results
      obtained in the bat and other species by earlier investigators using both
      hypodermic needles and micropipets.

PMID- 4021840
TI  - Effects of ischemia on capillary density and flow velocity in nailfolds of human
      toes.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate reactive hyperemia in the capillary
      network of human skin in terms of the flow per capillary and the density of flow
      active capillaries. Seventeen male subjects 20 to 40 years of age were seated
      with their right foot placed on the stage of a Leitz epi-ilumination microscope
      such that the nailfold capillary field in their large toes could be viewed. These
      vessels were video taped while flow velocity in the right posterior tibial artery
      was recorded via Doppler ultrasound at rest, then following a 45-sec period of
      arterial occlusion to the foot. Subsequent to experimentation flow velocity in
      single nailfold capillaries was measured via video densitometry and the number of
      flow-active capillaries in the field of view were counted. Following the release
      of arterial occlusion arterial flow velocity increased 142% above rest, the
      velocity in single capillaries increased by 54%, and the density of flow-active
      capillaries, as identified by the presence of red cells, decreased by 37%. The
      fact that capillary flow velocity increased to a lesser degree than arterial
      velocity during reactive hyperemia vis-a-vis a decrease in the number of flow
      active capillaries indicates that ischemia to the foot elicits a smaller dilatory
      effect in vascular elements controlling blood flow to the superficial cutaneous
      region of the toe as compared to other regional vascular networks.

PMID- 4021841
TI  - Exclusion of charged macromolecules in the pulmonary interstitium.
AB  - The polyanionic glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins of the interstitial ground
      substance could influence the interstitial distribution volumes (VA) of plasma
      proteins filtered across the pulmonary capillaries depending upon the molecular
      charge of the proteins. To determine if such differences occur, two isozymes of
      lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were selectively labeled with either 125I or 131I and
      infused simultaneously at a rate sufficient to maintain constant plasma
      concentrations for 24 hr. The isoelectric points of LDH 1 and LDH 5 are 5.0 and
      7.9, respectively, but they have the same mol wt (140,000) and hydrodynamic
      radius (42 A). VA values were calculated in lymph equivalents based on the
      respective activities in prenodal tracheobronchial lymph. We corrected the
      residual blood in the tissue using either 99mTc-labeled red cells or Dextran 70
      washout of blood. At 24 hr the VA for cationic LDH 5 was significantly greater
      than that of anionic LDH 1 (0.299 vs 0.197 ml/g wet wt) in the lung. Lymph/plasma
      ratios for LDH 1 and 5 were not significantly different (0.63 vs 0.58) and total
      extravascular lung water was not significantly different from normal. This
      indicates the LDH 1 was excluded from a significantly greater portion (47%) of
      interstitial fluid than LDH 5 (21%), and suggests an interaction of the fixed
      negative charges on interstitial polysaccharides with cationic proteins.

PMID- 4021842
TI  - Morphometric analysis of CNS microvascular endothelium.
AB  - The ultrastructural features that are critical to the efficient functioning of
      the blood-brain barrier (b-bb) were quantified in typical barrier vessels, i.e.,
      cerebral gray and white matter capillaries, and compared with the same parameters
      in cerebral nonbarrier capillaries (area postrema), and in somatic capillaries,
      (muscle) of the mouse. The image analysis was done with the help of a simple,
      rapid system that required only a digitized bit pad and a microcomputer. We found
      that: (1) The number of pinocytotic vesicles that are thought to be associated
      with vascular permeability was three times higher in area postrema vessels and
      nearly seven times higher in muscle vessels than in barrier vessels. (2) A
      percentage of interendothelial junctions in nonbarrier capillaries displayed
      areas of separation that may represent interendothelial channels coursing from
      the luminal to the abluminal surface between areas of tight junctional complexes.
      Such areas were not observed in barrier capillaries under the normal conditions
      studied here, but have been seen by others under conditions in which the barrier
      has been breached. (3) A 39% decrease in wall thickness in barrier capillaries.
      (4) No differences in mitochondrial density or in area of associated pericytes
      among capillaries from any region. Therefore we have questioned both the
      universality of the apparently increased metabolic work capacity of barrier
      capillaries, and whether pericytes play any role in the barrier under normal
      conditions.

PMID- 4021843
TI  - The best buy--a cooperative effort.

PMID- 4021844
TI  - Improved communication the goal of MSMS Hospital Medical Staff Section.

PMID- 4021846
TI  - New MHA director calls changes a response to homogenized society.

PMID- 4021845
TI  - Future-shock and the medical staff.

PMID- 4021847
TI  - MDPH biologic products division--a hidden asset.

PMID- 4021848
TI  - Abortion, right and wrong.

PMID- 4021849
TI  - Bioluminescent assay as a potential method of rapid susceptibility testing.
AB  - A method of rapid susceptibility testing by bioluminescent assay was developed.
      Correlation between the 50% inhibition dose of antimicrobics for bacterial
      adenosine triphosphate measured by bioluminescent assay and the minimum
      inhibitory concentration obtained by the broth dilution method was satisfactory.
      In the bioluminescent assay the incubation time required was only 90 min.

PMID- 4021851
TI  - Trends of medical education in Japan.
AB  - This article introduces recent trends in medical education in Japan, from
      undergraduate education through continuing education, and explains changes in the
      number of medical schools and in the content of the curriculum. Some obstacles to
      the implementation of changes, particularly in undergraduate medical education,
      are discussed. Now that Japan has become relatively developed in the quantity of
      its health manpower and also socioeconomically, a change must be directed towards
      qualitative reorganization and rearrangement in medical education in line with
      the objectives posed for the new century. The establishment of something new is
      difficult; to change something old and established, however, is much more
      difficult. In Japan, while some new designs in the curriculum are found in almost
      all the new schools, any fundamental change in the established curriculum in the
      old schools can be found only rarely, and attempts at changing the established
      curriculum frequently encountered resistance in the old schools.

PMID- 4021850
TI  - Preliminary studies of fructan-hydrolyzing bacteria from human dental plaque.

PMID- 4021852
TI  - Curriculum reform: has it missed its mark?
AB  - An observational study of clinical teaching analyses the extent to which
      curriculum reforms have addressed objectives for medical education defined by
      community expectations. It is concluded that curriculum reforms in the school
      studied have resulted in a heightened awareness of patient-centred, socially
      responsive medical care but have failed to provide sufficient opportunities to
      translate that awareness into practice. Consolidation and internalization of
      professional skills in the non-technical aspects of medical care will require the
      provision of more effective clinical experiences outside the confines of tertiary
      care teaching hospitals.

PMID- 4021853
TI  - Evaluating a new approach to selecting medical students.
AB  - Dissatisfaction with the traditional methods of selecting Australian medical
      students, which use only secondary school achievement, led to an innovative
      alternative method at the Newcastle Medical School. This multistage approach uses
      tests of problem-solving ability, empathy, creativity and moral dilemmas to
      screen applicants otherwise suitable on academic achievement. In the 5-year trial
      since its inception, this process appears reasonably reliable and valid. There is
      some merit in using a composite score for ranking applicants, based on weighted
      contributions from the psychological tests used in its multifactorial battery.
      However, the ultimate effectiveness of individual tests of a composite score will
      depend on their predictive validity, which is yet unmeasured.

PMID- 4021854
TI  - Communication skills teaching, learning and assessment.
AB  - This paper outlines an introductory course in teaching communication skills to
      medical students in a preclinical context. The aims of the course, its content
      and teaching methods are described. Novel features include the active
      participation of selected patients in teaching and assessment, and the use of a
      form of role-play named 'listening triads'. The main focus of the paper is
      assessment, and results are recorded, relating to a class of 114 second-year
      students during the academic session 1983-84. Assessment of the students'
      learning was measured by Modified Essay Question (MEQ); students' problems face
      to-face with patients were identified by patients, students, and by staff members
      observing interactions. Problems of fitting these educational assessments into a
      traditional academic 'certifying' type of assessment remain unresolved at
      present. This course was found to be acceptable by the preclinical students, and
      their lack of clinical knowledge did not appear to interfere with their learning.
      They were enthusiastic about the supervised contact with patients, which appeared
      to contribute significantly to the way the course was received.

PMID- 4021855
TI  - Oral examinations in medical education.
AB  - A questionnaire survey was conducted on the nature of the oral examinations in
      different disciplines in the medical schools in Sri Lanka. A total of 352
      students from Peradeniya and Jaffna medical faculties and pre-registration house
      officers, including Colombo faculty graduates of the two teaching hospitals,
      responded to the questionnaire. The results of the survey, which included twelve
      disciplines, reveal that the time duration of the oral encounter ranged from 10
      to 20 minutes. The number of questions asked ranged from five to nine. Detailed
      analysis of the intellectual level of the questions showed that more than 63% of
      the questioning was at simple recall level and none at the level of problem
      solving. These results show that the oral examination in addition to its inherent
      weakness of low reliability and objectivity also lacks validity in terms of
      content sampling. Its predictive validity of professional competence, which
      requires problem-solving skills, is questionable. Content analysis of the items
      also revealed that all the abilities tested in the orals could best be tested in
      a pen-and-paper examination or a structured practical or clinical examination.

PMID- 4021856
TI  - Medical students' experiences in medical emergency procedures upon qualification.
AB  - The experiences of eighty-five final-year medical students in twenty practical
      procedures identified as relevant to medical emergencies were registered. Notable
      differences between exposures to some of these procedures within and outside
      teaching situations were found. Instruction must be seen as inadequate prior to
      first performance in real-life situations. Experiences in cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation were acceptable, however, while exposures to procedures with
      special equipment, e.g. lumbar puncture or bladder catheterization, were
      variable. It is concluded that opportunities may be increased by expanding
      already existing scheduled activities and by spending more time on planning and
      organization. Examples or activities in order to increase students' experiences
      in practical procedures during medical school are given and discussed. The
      problem of assessment of practical competence is pointed out as is also the need
      for a clear definition of the teaching objectives.

PMID- 4021857
TI  - Problem-based interviewing in general practice: a model.
AB  - A problem-based approach which can be utilized in general practice for 'diagnosis
      and treatment' is described. The various related phases and probable components
      have been defined, starting with problem sensing, problem detection, problem
      description and then proceeding to problem assessment and problem-oriented
      intervention and evaluation. This approach is empirical, patient-centered, geared
      to general practice, easily acquired and may well have utility in other fields of
      medicine. Investigation of its effectiveness and efficiency as well as its
      ability to be taught is needed.

PMID- 4021858
TI  - The educational value of being a house surgeon.
AB  - A time and motion study has been performed with four house surgeons. The results
      suggest that modern pre-registration housemen spend over 75% of their time in a
      hospital service role. There is only a small amount of supervised teaching in
      what is regarded as an educational post.

PMID- 4021859
TI  - Differences between conventional and problem-based curricula in their students'
      approaches to studying.

PMID- 4021860
TI  - Teaching and learning away from the medical centre. The potential contribution of
      new technology to continuing medical education in the United Kingdom (working
      document).
AB  - Continuing education should be convenient, relevant, individualized, systematic
      and include means of assessment. Educational technology provides the link between
      teaching and learning; it should accommodate the essential interactions between
      learner, instructor, environment and material. Media in open learning systems
      include print, audiotapes, videotapes, discs and texts, telephones, television
      and computers. The selection of educational techniques must reflect the
      particular needs and learning styles of individuals.

PMID- 4021861
TI  - Medical education in Canada: the situation in 1984.

PMID- 4021862
TI  - Education of medical students in relation to drug development, safety and
      efficacy.

PMID- 4021863
TI  - Anesthesia can be safer: the role of engineering and technology.

PMID- 4021864
TI  - Clinical engineering in anesthesia.
AB  - It is difficult to measure the effectiveness of a clinical engineering service
      for anesthesia objectively. Although the monitoring of service costs can justify
      the maintenance portion of a support effort, the real benefit derived from
      improvements in patient safety is less tangible. Ultimately, the number of
      anesthetic mishaps should decrease as a result of clinical engineering
      involvement in anesthesia. A comprehensive program has been in operation at
      Massachusetts General Hospital for four years. During that time, about 100,000
      anesthesia procedures have been performed without a single patient injury related
      to malfunctioning equipment or to an operator error involving equipment. Although
      this fact may not have statistical significance, there is general agreement among
      the clinical staff that clinical engineering has contributed to the safe
      induction of anesthesia by fulfilling the goals and objectives described here.

PMID- 4021865
TI  - The anesthesia instrumentation and monitoring specialist.

PMID- 4021866
TI  - Anesthesia delivery equipment: the state of the industry.

PMID- 4021868
TI  - Role of the FDA in regulating the safety of anesthesia equipment.

PMID- 4021867
TI  - Selecting the optimal anesthesia monitoring array.

PMID- 4021869
TI  - Unipolar and bipolar right atrial appendage electrodes: comparison of sensing
      characteristics.
AB  - To optimize atrial sensing and reject far-field signals (i.e., ventricular
      potentials seen in the atrium), the atrial amplitudes of electrograms (EGMs)
      should be as high as possible and the ventricular amplitudes as low as possible.
      To compare clinical sensing results obtained with unipolar and bipolar
      electrodes, endocardial EGMs were recorded on a high-speed multichannel recorder
      with a paper speed of 200 mm/second and frequency cutoffs at 0.1 and 2,000 Hz.
      Forty acute unipolar and 18 acute bipolar electrodes (in different patients),
      three matched pairs of unipolar and bipolar electrodes, and seven coronary sinus
      electrodes were measured. Unipolar and bipolar right atrial appendage (RAA)
      electrode EGMs were compared for 1) amplitude of EGM, 2) slew rate (dv/dt); and
      3) amplitude of the ventricular EGM as measured through the RAA electrode.
      Unipolar RAA EGMs were compared with unipolar coronary sinus EGMs. Three bipolar
      leads were measured as unipolar and bipolar simultaneously. Bipolar atrial EGMs
      had equal amplitudes (unipolar, 4.2 +/- 2.1 mV, versus bipolar, 5.9 +/- 2.5; NS),
      higher slew rates (unipolar, 2.6 +/- 1.6 V/second, versus bipolar, 4.4 +/- 2.1; P
      less than 0.005), and lower ventricular (far-field) amplitudes (unipolar, 1.1 +/-
      1.1 mV, versus bipolar, 0.7 +/- 0.6; P less than 0.02) when compared with
      unipolar RAA electrodes. This observation was confirmed in the measurement of the
      matched pairs atrial/ventricular amplitude ratio (unipolar, 4.7 +/- 2.2, versus
      bipolar, 8.7 +/- 2.0; P less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4021870
TI  - Microcomputer-based system for real-time computation of time-weighted average
      levels of ethylene oxide and other gases.
AB  - Accurate measurement of the time-weighted average of ethylene oxide levels down
      to the 1 part per million level, as mandated by OSHA, requires great attention to
      technique and the methods used to compute the time-weighted average. A
      microprocessor-based instrument that provides real-time computation and display
      of the time-weighted average of this or other gas levels, when used in
      conjunction with an analytic instrument, such as an infrared spectrophotometer,
      was built. The instrument provides greater accuracy than that attained with
      manual data collection methods, while eliminating time-consuming off-line manual
      computations. An overview of conventional methods, as well as a description of
      the new device, is presented.

PMID- 4021871
TI  - Prenatal genetic diagnosis.

PMID- 4021872
TI  - Medulloblastoma: a clinicopathological study of 42 cases.
AB  - Clinicopathological data have been collected for 42 patients with cerebellar
      medulloblastoma diagnosed and treated in Western Australia between the years 1961
      and 1984. Thirty-one patients were male and 12 were over 14 years of age. In 31
      patients the neoplasms were localized to the midline, while in 10 they were
      placed laterally in the cerebellar hemispheres. The remaining patient had a
      diffusely spreading neoplasm in the meninges of the posterior fossa. Thirty-nine
      underwent surgical treatment followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Three
      patients died in the early postoperative period. Twenty-four patients survived
      for one year or longer, 15 for two or more years, 10 for five years, and five
      survived longer than 10 years. The survival proportions estimated by the life
      table method were 66% at one year, 48% at two years and 32% at 5 and 10 years. In
      one patient who survived for 23 years a meningioma developed, possibly due to
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 4021873
TI  - Use of information: environmental standards, assessments of risk, prevention and
      clinical implications.
AB  - Information which relates morbidity or mortality to environmental conditions
      (exposure-response relationships) forms the basis for public health as well as
      for clinical action. For both types of action, the information base is the same,
      neither complete nor comprehensive. So, both types of action are based on
      hypothesis, the best available to explain the facts, but subject to review in the
      light of new facts. Even though the volume of information may be considerable, as
      in the case of asbestos, there are always gaps in knowledge to be bridged by
      judgement. This should be made on the basis of as complete an evaluation as
      possible of all the available evidence.

PMID- 4021874
TI  - Iron ore mining. Description of the industry and potential risks to health.

PMID- 4021875
TI  - Iron ore mining: assessing the environment.

PMID- 4021876
TI  - Iron ore mining: assessing morbidity.

PMID- 4021877
TI  - Arterial Brown-Sequard's syndrome after a penetrating injury of the spinal cord
      at the cervicomedullary junction.
AB  - A case of a 12-year-old boy, in whom a partial Brown-Sequard's syndrome developed
      after a gunshot injury to the back of the neck, is reported. The bullet, which
      was removed at operation, penetrated the left side of the spinal cord at the
      cervicomedullary junction. The patient recovered useful function in his left leg
      within a month after the injury, and was able to walk with the aid of a crutch on
      discharge from hospital. The case is unusual, because of the survival and
      subsequent good recovery of the patient after a high, penetrating injury of the
      spinal cord.

PMID- 4021878
TI  - AIDS and homologous blood transfusion.

PMID- 4021879
TI  - Health for all by the year 2000.

PMID- 4021880
TI  - RSI.

PMID- 4021881
TI  - Myalgic encephalomyelitis hypothesis.

PMID- 4021882
TI  - Can one fibre cause cancer?

PMID- 4021883
TI  - Contact dermatitis due to beer.

PMID- 4021884
TI  - Medical problems in skiers.

PMID- 4021885
TI  - Therapies for dementia?

PMID- 4021886
TI  - Public health, public policy and "neon" issues in ethics.

PMID- 4021887
TI  - An "acute abdomen" in Antarctica. The problems of diagnosis and management.
AB  - Current Australian Antarctic activities require a unique medical service: a sole
      medical officer is responsible for the total care of 20 to 30 expeditioners (and
      of himself) for around nine months a year. A case of "acute abdomen" at Casey,
      Antarctica, is described and the problems of diagnosis and management, in this
      isolated medical practice, are discussed.

PMID- 4021888
TI  - Prenatal genetic diagnosis.

PMID- 4021889
TI  - Airways disease.

PMID- 4021891
TI  - Weather or not.

PMID- 4021890
TI  - Asthma education for all.

PMID- 4021892
TI  - Skiing accidents.

PMID- 4021894
TI  - Informed consent.

PMID- 4021893
TI  - Hysterectomy: postoperative exercise.

PMID- 4021895
TI  - Mumps/measles immunization.

PMID- 4021896
TI  - Actinobacillus endocarditis.

PMID- 4021898
TI  - Torture in Iraq.

PMID- 4021897
TI  - Lead mobilization during pregnancy.

PMID- 4021899
TI  - Cimetidine vs gastroscopy.

PMID- 4021900
TI  - Medical problems in the Antarctic.

PMID- 4021901
TI  - Medical ethics: principles and practice.

PMID- 4021902
TI  - Kolling Institute--the first 50 years.

PMID- 4021903
TI  - Blame, compensation and birth defects.

PMID- 4021904
TI  - Is surgery for renal calculi necessary in 1985?

PMID- 4021905
TI  - Sexual abuse of children in Tasmania.

PMID- 4021906
TI  - Medical research: the new Hall Institute.

PMID- 4021908
TI  - Renal oncocytoma: a benign tumour on the increase.
AB  - Renal oncocytoma is an uncommon tumour which is being diagnosed with increasing
      frequency in recent years. Traditionally, these renal tumours were considered to
      be histological variants of renal adenocarcinomas, with no prognostic
      significance of their own. Several recent retrospective studies have demonstrated
      that they are a separate benign entity; therefore, differentiation and
      identification of these tumours are of the utmost importance.

PMID- 4021907
TI  - Haematological safety of long-term malarial prophylaxis with dapsone
      pyrimethamine.
AB  - There are no published haematological data on the long-term (more than one year)
      use of dapsone-pyrimethamine (Maloprim, Folaprim; one tablet a week) for malarial
      prophylaxis. In a study of 373 male Papua New Guinean soldiers who had used this
      combination for five years, we found no haematological abnormalities attributable
      to dapsone-pyrimethamine. Furthermore, the haematological parameters of these
      soldiers were not clinically different from those of Papua New Guinean university
      students who did not ingest antimalarial drugs prophylactically. In a parallel
      study, 9 of 159 white persons (6 children and 3 adult females) who had used
      dapsone-pyrimethamine prophylaxis for more than one year had haematological
      abnormalities attributable to the drug. Additionally, the mean leucocyte count of
      children aged 1-9 years who took dapsone-pyrimethamine was markedly lower-
      although within the normal range--than that of similarly aged children who
      received chloroquine for malarial prophylaxis. The appreciable incidence of
      haematological abnormalities observed in children during malarial prophylaxis
      with dapsone-pyrimethamine demonstrates the need to select a dose for this group
      on a weight rather than an age basis and to use a liquid formulation to
      facilitate the administration of the appropriate dose of this combination.
      Haematological monitoring of the long-term use of dapsone-pyrimethamine is
      recommended and a suitable monitoring regimen is suggested.

PMID- 4021909
TI  - Newborn screening for metabolic disorders in Australia and New Zealand: results
      for 1983. Human Genetics Society of Australasia Newborn Screening Committee.

PMID- 4021910
TI  - AFFPA Medical Task Force guidelines. Medical Task Force of the Australian
      Federation of Family Planning Associations.

PMID- 4021911
TI  - To kill or let die?

PMID- 4021912
TI  - The pathogenesis of non-ulcer dyspepsia.

PMID- 4021913
TI  - Health facilities for the aged.

PMID- 4021914
TI  - Pyloric CLO in the human stomach.

PMID- 4021915
TI  - Soft corneal lens infection.

PMID- 4021917
TI  - Smoking and Burch.

PMID- 4021916
TI  - The hospital discharge summary.

PMID- 4021918
TI  - Accidental death and the life insurance contract.

PMID- 4021919
TI  - [New aspects of cardiac pacemaker therapy].

PMID- 4021920
TI  - [Mode of action of nootropic drugs].

PMID- 4021921
TI  - [Drug allergy. 1: Mechanisms].

PMID- 4021922
TI  - Vitamin supplements.

PMID- 4021923
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urinary tract stones.

PMID- 4021924
TI  - Nomifensine (Merital), a new non-tricyclic antidepressant.

PMID- 4021925
TI  - [Simple measurements of respiration mechanics in the newborn infant].

PMID- 4021926
TI  - [Hypoglycemia in small for gestational age infants].

PMID- 4021927
TI  - [Recurrent apnea in the newborn infant. Study on 52 cases].

PMID- 4021928
TI  - [Surveillance of congenital malformations. Experience relative to the 1982-1983
      biennial].

PMID- 4021929
TI  - [Clinical characteristics in 73 children with allergy to the proteins of cow's
      milk].

PMID- 4021930
TI  - [Atopic dermatitis in the breast-fed child].

PMID- 4021931
TI  - [Incidence and prevalence of juvenile onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      in the city and province of Turin].

PMID- 4021932
TI  - [Pre-AIDS in a child of a drug-addict. Clinical and laboratory description].

PMID- 4021933
TI  - [Risk factors of atherosclerosis in childhood].

PMID- 4021934
TI  - [Incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in case records of a
      pediatric general medicine department].

PMID- 4021935
TI  - [Segmental hypertrophy. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 4021936
TI  - [Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. Description of a case].

PMID- 4021937
TI  - [Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic eventration. Presentation of a clinical
      case].

PMID- 4021938
TI  - [Infant nutrition during the lst year of life: proposal of an evaluation based on
      a score system].

PMID- 4021939
TI  - [Assessment of bone mineralization and iron reserves in infants fed cow's milk
      and a follow-up formula].

PMID- 4021940
TI  - [Lactescence of the cornea and persistence of pupillary vascularization as
      indicators of maturity status and gestational age of the newborn infants weighing
      less than l500 g].

PMID- 4021941
TI  - [The NBT test as an indicator of neonatal sepsis].

PMID- 4021942
TI  - [Influence of hypoxia on the EEG of patients with cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 4021943
TI  - [Screening for thalassemia and/or iron deficiency in a school-age population in
      the community of Modugno (Bari)].

PMID- 4021944
TI  - [Vaccination program required by law in a community with a predominantly rural
      and craft economy in Campania].

PMID- 4021945
TI  - [Noonan syndrome and keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei. Significance of
      dermatologic changes].

PMID- 4021947
TI  - [Pseudochondroplastic spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia associated with nonfamilial
      congenital lymphedema and ichthyosis. Description of a case].

PMID- 4021946
TI  - [Camptomelic dysplasia. A case with sex reversal].

PMID- 4021948
TI  - [Effects of tocolytic therapy with ritodrine on the occurrence of neonatal
      hyperbilirubinemia].

PMID- 4021949
TI  - [Effects of phototherapy on weight gain in neonates].

PMID- 4021950
TI  - [Current epidemiology of bronchiolitis in breast-fed infants. Statistical study].

PMID- 4021951
TI  - [Cri-du-chat syndrome: palmar dermatoglyphics of diagnostic significance].

PMID- 4021952
TI  - [Kawasaki syndrome. Case report].

PMID- 4021953
TI  - [Lymphangioma of the tongue. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 4021954
TI  - [Survival and long-term control of newborn infants with a birth weight under 1500
      grams].

PMID- 4021955
TI  - [Epidemiology of jaundice caused by maternal milk in the province of Milan.
      Clinical study].

PMID- 4021956
TI  - [Nutrition of the child in the first year of life in the province of Ancona.
      Habits, environmental influences and development aspects].

PMID- 4021957
TI  - [Schmidt's syndrome. Considerations and presentation of a case in childhood].

PMID- 4021958
TI  - [Chilaiditi's syndrome: hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the colon.
      Description of a case in childhood].

PMID- 4021959
TI  - The corporate transformation of medicine in Minnesota galloping capitalism and
      the Twin Cities' medical marketplace.

PMID- 4021960
TI  - Evaluation of female urinary incontinence.

PMID- 4021961
TI  - Locating nonpalpable breast lesions for the surgeon. State of the art.

PMID- 4021962
TI  - Breast cancer and lactic acidosis. An unusual metabolic complication.

PMID- 4021963
TI  - Sports related injury. Part I.

PMID- 4021964
TI  - MMIE malpractice claim review. Internal medicine.

PMID- 4021965
TI  - William T. Peyton Society 1960-1985.

PMID- 4021966
TI  - Basic neuroscientist in a neurosurgical department. Is the experiment working?

PMID- 4021967
TI  - Further experience in the management of craniofacial dysmorphic states.

PMID- 4021968
TI  - Exploring the normal myelogram. An historical perspective.

PMID- 4021969
TI  - Preliminary results of a prospective randomized trial for treatment of severely
      brain-injured patients with hyperbaric oxygen.

PMID- 4021970
TI  - Neurosurgical management of selected parasitic diseases of the Western
      Hemisphere.

PMID- 4021971
TI  - Steroid hormone receptors in human meningiomas. A look at the past, present and
      the future.

PMID- 4021973
TI  - Evaluation of patients for the surgical management of epilepsy.

PMID- 4021972
TI  - Cerebellar cortex role of climbing fiber afferents.

PMID- 4021974
TI  - Brooke formula for traumatic cerebral contusion.

PMID- 4021975
TI  - Longterm outcome of closed head injury.

PMID- 4021976
TI  - A suggested relationship between sagittal synostosis, intracranial hypertension
      and hydrocephalus.

PMID- 4021977
TI  - The training in community living model: a decade of experience.

PMID- 4021978
TI  - A program for difficult-to-treat patients.

PMID- 4021979
TI  - The dissemination and impact of a model program in process, 1972-1984.

PMID- 4021980
TI  - Rural community support programs: the experience in three Wisconsin counties.

PMID- 4021981
TI  - Impact of a model program on state mental health policy development.

PMID- 4021982
TI  - The Bridge: an assertive outreach program in an urban setting.

PMID- 4021983
TI  - The evolution of the training in community living model.

PMID- 4021984
TI  - Ethical problems in community treatment of the chronically mentally ill.

PMID- 4021985
TI  - Symposium on neurosurgery.

PMID- 4021986
TI  - Lumbar spinal-lateral recess stenosis.
AB  - The syndrome of a lumbar spinal and lateral recess stenosis is characterized by
      pain and a variety of paresthetic symptoms occurring principally when the patient
      stands or walks. Sitting or lying down alleviate the symptoms promptly. The
      neurologic examination is characterized by a negative straight leg-raising test
      and a paucity of abnormal neurologic findings. The diagnosis is confirmed by a
      high-resolution CT scan. If conservative treatment fails, a myelogram is in order
      to establish a definitive diagnosis and assess the severity of neural compression
      prior to placing the indication for a surgical decompression of the stenotic
      spinal canal. The surgical procedure consists of a laminectomy and a partial
      facetectomy of the hypertrophied portion of the facet joint that compresses the
      adjacent lumbar nerve root from a dorsal direction. It is important to recognize
      all associated pathologic processes that must be dealt with accordingly at the
      same time in order to assure success of the operative procedure. The results of a
      surgical decompression for a lumbar spinal and lateral recess stenosis are
      excellent.

PMID- 4021987
TI  - Hepatitis B screening and vaccination in a facility for the mentally retarded.

PMID- 4021988
TI  - [Lymph node involvement in carcinoma of the esophagus--re-evaluation for the
      grouping of lymph nodes].
AB  - Based on the analysis of the lymph nodes dissected during resection of 234
      esophageal carcinomas and the long-term results of the patient, lymph nodes of
      the esophagus were grouped into 3 categories, n1, n2 and n3. The lymph nodes of
      n1 group were frequently involved in metastases and the long-term results of the
      patients with these lymph nodes metastases were excellent. The n2 lymph nodes
      were frequently involved in metastases but the survival rates of the patients
      were low. The n3 lymph nodes were rarely involved and the prognoses of the
      patients were poor. In comparison with the classification of lymph nodes for
      surgical dissection as described by the Japanese Society for Esophageal Disease,
      some problems in this category are discussed. However, this category was revealed
      to have close relation to the long-term results of the patients with carcinoma of
      the esophagus and was considered to be of clinical use.

PMID- 4021989
TI  - [The effects of hepatic ischemia on systemic blood coagulation and fibrinolysis
      in mongrel dogs].
AB  - In order to elucidate the effects of hepatic ischemia on systemic blood
      coagulation and fibrinolysis, experimental study was performed. Under the
      heparinized hydrophilic catheter-bypass between splenic and femoral vein, the
      hepato-duodenal and hepato-gastric ligaments were ligated to interrupt hepatic
      blood inflow in 5 dogs, and temporary interruption of hepatic blood inflow for
      15, 30, 60, 90 minutes were performed in each 5 dogs. In this experimental study,
      changes of systemic blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, and histological changes
      of the liver were investigated periodically. Continuous interruption of hepatic
      blood inflow decreased blood coagulability gradually. Temporary interruption of
      hepatic blood inflow for more than 60 minutes caused remarkable decrease of blood
      coagulability after declamp, and histologically fibrin deposits were found in
      sinusoid and portal vein of Glisson's area, indicating that apparent DIC occurred
      in the liver at more than 60 minutes after clamp. One hour after declamp of 90
      minutes interruption of hepatic blood inflow, most of fibrin deposits disappeared
      but severe degeneration of endothelial cell of sinusoid and hepatocyte were
      observed, indicating the disturbance of hepatic microcirculation which caused
      acute liver failure and systemic DIC, finally death in shock.

PMID- 4021990
TI  - [New apparatus for artificial liver support: PAT resin--removal of protein-bound
      substances and its effect on hepatic failure in animals].
AB  - Hemoperfusion using several materials such as activated charcoal is often
      performed to treat the patients with hepatic failure. Polyamine
      triglycidylisocyanulate (PAT) resin is a newly developed artificial liver support
      material to adsorb protein-bound substances. In this study, the effect of PAT
      resin on the removal of these toxic protein-bound substances was examined and
      following results were obtained. PAT resin adsorbed protein-bound substances
      selectively in vitro. Its adsorbability was superior to those of the other
      conventional adsorbents such as cellulose-coated charcoal, XAD-4 and XAD-7. Serum
      bilirubin levels were decreased by 44% in jaundiced dogs and 45% in jaundiced
      rabbits after 120 minutes hemoperfusion with PAT resin. Leucocyte and thrombocyte
      count also fell during hemoperfusion. The fall of these blood cell counts,
      however, was recovered by prostaglandin D2. The survival time of dogs with
      ischemic hepatic failure was prolonged by hemoperfusion using PAT resin. The mean
      survival times were 17.6 hrs in the PAT perfusion group and 10.9 hrs in the
      control group. The difference of survival time between these two groups was
      statistically significant. (p less than 0.05). These results in animals suggest
      that PAT resin will be clinically useful in the therapy of hepatic failure or
      hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 4021991
TI  - [Histopathologic study of the extrahepatic biliary system in uncorrectable
      congenital biliary atresia: its pathogenesis and type of atresia].
AB  - Histopathologic study was carried out on specimen of extrahepatic biliary system
      in 23 patients with congenital biliary atresia, and the data were compared with
      those obtained from a control group of 43 autopsy cases of newborns and infants.
      In the control cases, accessory tubulo-alveolar glands were observed around the
      extrahepatic bile duct, and in addition some small ductules were observed in the
      area of the porta hepatis. In cases of biliary atresia, characteristic findings
      were histologically detected at each level of the extrahepatic biliary system. In
      the area of the porta hepatis, there were many epithelial luminal structures in
      fibrous tissue with inflammatory infiltrates. Near the confluence, the bile duct
      completely disappeared to be replaced by fibrosis, and in the area between the
      porta hepatis and the confluence, granulation tissue surrounded by fibrosis was
      observed. The epithelial luminal structures in the area of the porta hepatis were
      thought to originate from the bile duct, draining ductules and accessory glands
      observed in the normal controls. These structures tended to decrease in number
      with time. In cases possessing a patent common bile duct, the gallbladder showed
      many mucous glands and no inflammatory changes. On the other hand, in cases with
      an obliterated common bile duct, the gallbladder showed chronic atrophic
      cholecystitis without any mucous glands. The pathogenesis remains unknown, but it
      is thought that this disorder results from non-infectious inflammatory changes
      initiated near the confluence of the normally developed bile duct.

PMID- 4021992
TI  - [Trophic effect of caerulein on the normal pancreas and enhancement in
      experimental pancreatic cancer by caerulein in the Syrian golden hamster].
AB  - The author investigated the hyperplastic and hypertrophic effect of caerulein in
      the pancreas of normal syrian golden hamsters, and the promoting effect of
      experimental pancreatic cancer in hamster induced by N-nitroso-bis (2
      hydroxypropyl) amine (BHP). The results are as follow: Repeated subcutaneous
      injections of caerulein in every 12 hours for 10 days elicited a marked trophic
      effect on the pancreas, characterized by increased pancreatic weight and
      pancreatic weight/DNA ratios with an enhanced content of DNA and amylase in the
      pancreas in treated hamsters. DNA synthesis, as measured by histoautoradiography
      of tritiated thymidine labeled tissues, was increased in pancreatic acinar but
      little in islet nor in ductal cells. Weekly subcutaneous administration of BHP
      with caerulein brought pancreatic carcinomas earlier and in higher incidence than
      BHP alone. The majority of induced carcinomas were well differentiated
      adenocarcinomas, and acinar cell carcinoma was seen in neither groups. In
      addition, a further investigation was performed in search target cells of both
      BHP and caerulein. Repeated injections of caerulein in every 12 hours for 5 days
      before one shot of subcutaneous BHP administration led to increase both mitotic
      and labeling index using tritiated thymidine in most acinar cells. These results
      suggested that caerulein has a trophic action on the pancreas, and acts as a
      promotor in experimental pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 4021993
TI  - [Prevention of spinal cord ischemia after thoracic aortic occlusion].
AB  - Paraplegia has been a devastating and unpredictable complication following
      surgical procedures necessitating temporary occlusion of the thoracic aorta. This
      study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the pressure gradient between
      the aortic pressure distal to the occlusion and cerebrospinal fluid pressure
      (CSFP), defined as "Relative spinal cord perfusion pressure" (RSPP) on the
      development of ischemia to the spinal cord by using somatosensory evoked
      potentials (SEP). In 30 mongrel dogs, the thoracic aorta just distal to the left
      subclavian artery was occluded for either 30 or 120 minutes until SEP
      disappeared. RSPP was maintained at 20, 30 or 40 mmHg in each dog by adjusting
      the degree of occlusion of th aorta and/or changing CSFP by withdrawal of
      cerebrospinal fluid or injection of normal saline into the subarachnoid space.
      SEP were recorded as a cortical response to the electrical stimulation of
      bilateral peroneal nerves. SEP did not disappear for 30 or 120 minutes when RSPP
      was 40 mmHg. It would be concluded that 40 mmHg or higher of RSPP is necessary in
      order to prevent the spinal cord ischemia due to the temporary occlusion of the
      thoracic aorta.

PMID- 4021994
TI  - [Histopathological study of the parathyroid gland in renal hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - From July 1973 to July 1984, 50 patients underwent parathyroidectomy because of
      secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure. One hundred fifty
      eight excised parathyroid glands in 41 of these patients were submitted to the
      histopathological examinations in the relations to their clinical features which
      revealed the following findings. Inspite of secondary hyperparathyroidism, eleven
      of 41 patients showed four unevenly enlarged parathyroid glands with one or two
      glands weighing less than 100mg. The glands were divided into three adenomas, 101
      diffusely and 54 nodulary hyperplastic glands. The nodular type hyperplasia,
      which had a greater proportion of clear chief cells, vacuolated chief cells,
      transitional oxyphil cells and oxyphil cells, was more hyperplastic than the
      diffuse type. The patients with the nodular type showed more advanced clinical
      features in the secondary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 4021995
TI  - Structural and stereochemical specificity of mouse monoclonal antibodies to the
      organophosphorous cholinesterase inhibitor soman.
AB  - To test the usefulness of immunotherapy in organophosphate poisoning, two mouse
      monoclonal antibodies were prepared to the chemical warfare agent soman. The
      antibodies bound reversibly to soman and afforded considerable protection to
      acetylcholinesterase in vitro. However, they were only marginally effective in
      preventing the consequences of soman poisoning in mice (these data have been
      published elsewhere). Since potential for immunotherapeutic usefulness resides in
      antibody affinity and specificity, we conducted experiments to define these
      parameters to enable us to maximize them in the production of later antibodies.
      Interaction of the antibodies (CC1 and BE2) in affinity-purified form with a
      series of soman analogs in a competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay was used
      to assess the contribution to binding affinity of each functional group on the
      soman molecule. Neither antibody interacted with the -P = S analog of soman or
      methylphosphonic acid. A decrease in the number of methyl groups on the pinacolyl
      side chain reduced or eliminated binding with both antibodies while increasing
      the size of this group had a mixed result. The major metabolite of soman, its
      basic hydrolysis product, interacted weakly with BE2 and failed to interact with
      CC1. Alkyl ester group substitution at the fluorine position increased antibody
      binding up to the symmetrical dipinacolyl analog. Stereochemical specificity was
      determined by measuring the apparent decrease in the rate of inhibition of
      cholinesterases (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7, or acylcholine
      acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8) by pure soman stereoisomers in the presence of
      increasing concentrations of each antibody. CC1 demonstrated specificity that
      varied as C(+)P(+) less than C(-)P(+) less than C(-)P(-) less than C(+)P(-).
      Although affinities were much lower, BE2 also showed a preference for the more
      toxic P(-) isomers.

PMID- 4021996
TI  - Dipeptides as inhibitors of the gelation of sickle hemoglobin.
AB  - To examine in detail a class of peptides that inhibit the polymerization of
      deoxyhemoglobin S, we assayed the L-amino acids and 22 dipeptides for their
      effect on deoxyhemoglobin S solubility. Of the amino acids, the aromatics
      (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) significantly increased deoxyhemoglobin
      S solubility, as did high concentration of arginine. Combinations of the
      hydrophobic (specifically the aromatic) amino acids with a hydrophilic amino
      acid, such as arginine or lysine, resulted in dipeptides which were much more
      soluble than the hydrophobic or aromatic amino acid alone, and also inhibited
      polymerization. Furthermore, samples of deoxyhemoglobin S at 26 to 27 g/dl
      containing some of these dipeptides such as Arg-Trp, Arg-Phe, and Lys-Trp in
      excess of 50 to 100 mM did not polymerize, indicating a 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase
      in deoxyhemoglobin S solubility. The enhancement of polymerization, i.e.,
      decrease in deoxyhemoglobin S solubility, observed by the addition of aspartic
      acid, glycine, or lysine was observed or was reduced in the dipeptides containing
      these hydrophilic amino acids combined with hydrophobic amino acids (valine,
      leucine, isoleucine, or the aromatic amino acids). The effects of these
      dipeptides on deoxyhemoglobin S solubility were mostly linear with concentration.
      However, the changes in deoxyhemoglobin S solubility by addition of a dipeptide
      was not simply the sum of the effects observed with the individual amino acids as
      exemplified by the differential effect of reversing the dipeptide sequence (e.g.,
      Arg-Phe and Phe-Arg, or Arg-Tyr and Tyr-Arg). These data provide further evidence
      as to the stereospecific nature of this class of noncovalent inhibitors of
      deoxyhemoglobin S polymerization.

PMID- 4021997
TI  - ATP-dependent calcium uptake by rat liver plasma membrane vesicles. Effect of
      alkylating hepatotoxins in vivo.
AB  - Lethal cell injury from hepatotoxic drugs has been postulated to result from an
      alteration in cell Ca2+ homeostasis. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by the plasma
      membrane has a sulfhydryl-dependent functional moiety and, therefore, could be
      vulnerable to chemically reactive drug intermediates. Thus, alkylating
      hepatotoxins given in vivo were examined for their ability to inhibit Ca2+
      accumulation by plasma membrane vesicles isolated from livers of adult male rats.
      ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation was decreased 62% by bromobenzene, 76% by
      acetaminophen, and 92% by CCl4. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake was minimally affected
      by the toxins, and only CCl4 affected Ca2+ accumulation by liver microsomes. The
      effect of acetaminophen on plasma membrane Ca2+ uptake was apparent as early as
      45 min postdose. Depletion of protective intracellular GSH by diethyl maleate
      treatment (400 mg/kg) alone minimally decreased control plasma membrane uptake
      activity, although the GSH depletion markedly potentiated the effect of
      acetaminophen on the plasma membrane and on necrosis. Alkylation of sites on the
      plasma membrane may be a key chemical-macromolecule interaction in drug-induced
      liver necrosis, and inhibition of plasma membrane Ca2+ regulation may provide a
      connecting link between the alkylation hypothesis and the perturbed Ca2+
      homeostasis hypothesis of lethal cell injury.

PMID- 4021998
TI  - Stereoselective metabolism of 7-chlorobenz(a)anthracene by rat liver microsomes.
      Absolute configurations and optical purities of trans-dihydrodiol metabolites.
AB  - Metabolism of 7-chlorobenz(a)anthracene (7-Cl-BA) by liver microsomes from
      untreated rats, and from rats pretreated with either 3-methylcholanthrene or
      phenobarbital was studied. The metabolites were isolated by HPLC and
      characterized by UV-visible, mass, and proton NMR spectral analyses and
      identified as 7-Cl-BA trans-3,4-, 5,6-, and 8,9-dihydrodiols, 3-hydroxy-7-Cl-BA,
      and 4-hydroxy-7-Cl-BA. Proton NMR spectral analysis indicated that 7-Cl-BA trans
      3,4-dihydrodiol preferentially adopted a quasidiequatorial conformation while
      trans-5,6- and 8,9-dihydrodiols preferentially adopted a quasidiaxial
      conformation. Comparison of circular dichroism spectra with those of 7
      bromobenz(a)anthracene trans-dihydrodiol metabolites of known absolute
      stereochemistry indicated that the major enantiomeric 7-Cl-BA trans-3,4-, 5,6-,
      and 8,9-dihydrodiols had R,R absolute configuration. Application of chiral
      stationary phase HPLC for direct resolution of the trans-dihydrodiols and their
      hydrogenated and dechlorinated derivatives enabled determination of the optical
      purity of each dihydrodiol metabolite obtained from the three microsomal systems.
      In vitro incubation of 7-Cl-BA under molecular oxygen-18 produced 7-Cl-BA trans
      3,4-, 5,6-, and 8,9-dihydrodiols, each containing one oxygen-18 atom. Mass
      spectral analysis of the dehydration products of the oxygen-18-containing trans
      dihydrodiol metabolites indicated that 7-Cl-BA 3S,4R-epoxide and 7-Cl-BA 8R,9S
      epoxide were the predominant enantiomeric intermediates.

PMID- 4021999
TI  - Use of mRNA hybridization and radioimmunoassay to study mechanisms of drug
      induced accumulation of enkephalins in rat brain structures.
AB  - The repeated administration of haloperidol or fenfluramine for several days led
      to an increase of enkephalin content in specific brain areas. In order to
      characterize the nature of the dynamic changes underlying this increase, we
      measured the content of proenkephalin mRNA (PE-mRNA), of high molecular weight
      (HMW) enkephalin precursors, and of low molecular weight enkephalin peptides
      (LMW) in various brain areas. To measure PE-mRNA, we hybridized the specific mRNA
      with a [32P]cDNA probe for human pheochromocytoma PE. HMW and LMW enkephalin
      content was measured by radioimmunoassay after separation of the immunoreactive
      peaks by Bio-Gel P-2 column chromatography and enzymatic digestion of the
      precursors. Haloperidol treatment increased enkephalins, the precursor, and PE
      mRNA content in the striatum, suggesting that this drug might increase enkephalin
      steady state by increasing transcription, translation, or both processes. In
      contrast, fenfluramine increased hypothalamic and striatal enkephalin content by
      preferentially reducing neuropeptide utilization or decreasing its catabolism
      without changing its synthesis.

PMID- 4022000
TI  - N-ethylmaleimide-induced changes in agonist affinity for histamine H1-receptors
      in the guinea pig brain.
AB  - The effect of the thiol-alkylating agent, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), on histamine
      (HA) H1-receptors from guinea pig cerebellum, labeled with [3H]mepyramine, was
      investigated. The properties of [3H]mepyramine binding (apparent dissociation
      constant and maximal number of sites) were not modified by prior treatment of the
      membranes with 2 or 5 mM NEM. This treatment did not change either the inhibition
      curves of d-chlorpheniramine or mianserin, two H1-receptor antagonists. In
      contrast, treatments of membranes with NEM significantly decreased the IC50
      values of HA and the slope indexes (pseudo Hill coefficients) of HA inhibition
      curves, which became inferior to unity. These effects were irreversible, and
      their extent related to the NEM treatment duration and the NEM concentration. A
      computer analysis of the data indicated that part of the H1-receptors were
      converted from a state of low affinity for the amine (IC50 value of 75 microM)
      into a high agonist affinity state (IC50 value of 2 microM). The change was less
      marked for partial agonists than for HA. The NEM-induced change was observed in
      the presence and in the absence of Na+ ions, known to decrease the affinity of HA
      for H1-receptors. Agonists or antagonists did not protect against the
      modification of HA affinity induced by NEM. The digitonin-solubilized receptors
      retained their sensitivity to NEM. Among other thiol reagents, iodoacetamide and
      iodoacetic acid were ineffective, and organic mercurial agents strongly reduced
      the number of [3H]mepyramine-binding sites. NEM treatment might alkylate a
      critical thiol group located outside the ligand-binding domain of the H1 receptor
      and thereby stabilize the latter in a conformation distinct from that of the
      activated state.

PMID- 4022001
TI  - Photoinactivation of serotonin uptake by an arylazido derivative of 5
      hydroxytryptamine.
AB  - A potential photoaffinity probe for the substrate-binding polypeptide of the
      neuronal serotonin uptake system has been synthesized. Under dark conditions, 3
      (beta-(4-azidobenzamidino)ethyl-5-hydroxyindole (serotonin azidobenzamidine
      (SABA) was found to inhibit competitively [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by rat
      cortical synaptosomes with a K1 of 130 nM. The selectivity of this action was
      indicated by SABA's much lower potency as an inhibitor of synaptosomal
      [3H]norepinephrine uptake (K1 = 7 microM). When synaptosomes were irradiated in
      the presence of SABA, serotonin uptake was irreversibly inhibited in a
      concentration-dependent fashion with the maximum effect occurring at 1 microM
      SABA. At this concentration, approximately 40% of the serotonin uptake activity
      could not be recovered upon repeated washing of the synaptosomes. This inhibition
      was determined not to result from the production of a potent inhibitory
      photolysis product of SABA. The photoinactivation of serotonin transport by SABA
      was found to depend on the time of irradiation and could be prevented by the
      presence of agents that interact with the uptake system. Serotonin, p
      chloroamphetamine, fenfluramine, and alaproclate protected the serotonin carrier
      against SABA's irreversible effects in a concentration-dependent manner. The
      presence of high concentrations of Tris or p-aminobenzoic acid, two nitrene
      scavenging agents, did not reduce the level of photoinactivation of serotonin
      uptake by SABA, indicating that the irreversible inhibition is a result of true
      photoaffinity labeling of the carrier.

PMID- 4022002
TI  - Characterization of the oxidation of amine metabolites of nitrotoluenes by rat
      hepatic microsomes. N- and C-hydroxylation.
AB  - The rat hepatic microsomal oxidation of amine metabolites of mono-and
      dinitrotoluene isomers has been investigated. Microsomes catalyzed the NADPH
      dependent oxidation of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 2-amino-4-nitrobenzyl
      alcohol, and the isomeric aminobenzyl alcohols to ethyl acetate-extractable
      compounds capable of reducing ferric iron. The microsomal metabolism of 2-amino-6
      nitrobenzyl alcohol, a metabolite of the hepatocarcinogen 2,6-dinitrotoluene, was
      characterized in detail. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis indicated
      the formation of two metabolites, both of which were reducing agents. One
      metabolite was identified as 2-hydroxylamino-6-nitrobenzyl alcohol by comparison
      of its chromatographic properties and mass spectrum with those of the authentic
      compound. Mass spectral, proton NMR, and UV-visible spectroscopic studies
      suggested that the other metabolite was 2-amino-5-hydroxy-6-nitrobenzyl alcohol.
      The microsomal oxidation of 2-aminobenzyl alcohol also resulted in the formation
      of two reducing agents, one of which was the corresponding hydroxylamine. The
      formation of 2-hydroxylamino-6-nitrobenzyl alcohol from the microsomal oxidation
      of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzyl alcohol was linear with respect to time for at least 20
      min, while aminophenol formation was only linear for 3 min. The rate of the
      microsomal oxidation of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzyl alcohol was decreased by known
      inhibitors of cytochrome P-450, while heat inactivation of microsomal flavin
      containing monooxygenase had no effect. The rate of formation of both metabolites
      was increased 1.5-fold by phenobarbital pretreatment. Pretreatment with beta
      naphthoflavone had no effect on the rate of N-hydroxylation, while a small but
      statistically significant increase in the rate of C-hydroxylation (117% of
      control) was observed. The rate of oxidation of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzyl alcohol was
      lower with microsomes from female rats than with those from males, yielding
      male/female ratios of 1.34 for aminophenol formation and 3.26 for hydroxylamine
      formation. These data indicate that 2-amino-6-nitrobenzyl alcohol, a metabolite
      of the hepatocarcinogen 2,6-dinitrotoluene, can be N-hydroxylated by hepatic
      microsomal cytochrome P-450. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that
      a hydroxylamine metabolite of 2,6-dinitrotoluene is sulfated in vivo to produce
      an electrophilic species.

PMID- 4022003
TI  - Participation of a rat liver cytochrome P-450 induced by pregnenolone 16 alpha
      carbonitrile and other compounds in the 4-hydroxylation of mephenytoin.
AB  - Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation, which has been found to be one of the reactions
      showing genetic polymorphism in humans, has been studied using rat liver
      microsomes. Pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile, dexamethasone, troleandomycin,
      and phenobarbital (but not beta-naphthoflavone) induced the hydroxylation
      activity to various extents. Mephenytoin itself also increased 4-hydroxylation
      considerably. Liver microsomes prepared from male rats contained higher
      mephenytoin hydroxylase activity than preparations isolated from females. These
      results suggest that a cytochrome P-450 which is inducible by pregnenolone 16
      alpha-carbonitrile is involved in the 4-hydroxylation of mephenytoin. We purified
      cytochrome P-450PCN-E from pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile-treated rats using
      modifications of previous methods and compared its 4-hydroxylase activity with
      other purified rat cytochromes P-450. P-450PCN-E had the highest activity among
      the 10 purified rat cytochromes P-450 tested and antibodies raised to P-450PCN-E
      completely inhibited mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase in rat liver microsomes,
      suggesting the involvement of P-450PCN-E in this reaction. The microsomal
      concentration of P-450PCN-E, estimated by immunoelectrophoretic blotting
      analysis, correlated well with the hydroxylase activity in rat liver microsomes
      (r = 0.906). Mephenytoin induced P-450PCN-E as well as other phenobarbital
      inducible cytochromes P-450.

PMID- 4022004
TI  - Effect of prolactin and glucocorticoids on P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase activity
      in liver and mammary gland from diabetic and lactating rats.
AB  - The administration of 2 bromo-alpha-ergocryptine, to reduce serum prolactin
      decreased the activity of cytosolic P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC
      4.1.1.32) about 50% in both liver and mammary gland of lactating animals.
      Adrenalectomy had similar effects to those of bromo-alpha-ergocryptine. In
      contrast, there was a 50% increase in enzyme activity in the mammary gland of
      diabetic, lactating rats and a 10-fold increase in liver as compared with normal
      rats. P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in mammary gland as liver is
      coordinately regulated by prolactin, glucocorticoids and insulin.

PMID- 4022005
TI  - The role of the cell cycle in differentiation of the cellular slime mould
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - During development and differentiation of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium
      discoideum there appears to be a relationship between the cell cycle and cell
      fate: amoebae halted in G2 phase during early development differentiate into
      spores whereas stalk cells are formed from amoebae halted in G1 phase. It is
      proposed that this is because a major effect of the cell cycle is to generate
      heterogeneity in the cell surface properties of the developing amoebae.

PMID- 4022006
TI  - Identification and isolation of the primary aggregation factor from the cell
      membrane of the sponge Geodia cydonium.
AB  - The primary aggregation factor (pAF) of sponge cells is a glycoprotein that is
      firmly associated with the cell membrane. Polyspecific antibodies (anti-GM)
      prepared from sera raised against membranes of cells from the siliceous sponge
      Geodia cydonium were found to inhibit initial aggregation of homologous cells.
      The inhibition of aggregation, caused by anti-GM was neutralized by pAF. The pAF
      had been successfully solubilized and enriched by affinity chromatography, gel
      filtration and density gradient centrifugation, if checked by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of urea. The Mr of the native pAF was
      approximately 40 000 as estimated by gel filtration; under denaturing conditions
      three protein species (Mr: 16 500, 15 500 and 13 500) were identified in the pAF
      preparation. The pAF was precipitable by Ca++ and did not cross-react with
      antisera against homologous purified secondary aggregation factor and lectin. It
      is mainly composed of protein (48.0%) and carbohydrate (50.2%). The isolated pAF
      restored the aggregation potency not only of factor-depleted Geodia cells but
      also of cells from other Demospongiae. However, the pAF displayed no aggregation
      enhancing effect on urea-treated cells from species belonging to the
      Calcispongiae or Hexactinellida. We hypothesize that in contrast to the secondary
      aggregation, the initial aggregation of Geodia cells is mediated by the one
      component system, the bivalent and bifunctional pAF.

PMID- 4022007
TI  - Eucaryotic transcription complexes are specifically associated in large
      sedimentable structures: rapid isolation of polymerase I, II, and III
      transcription factors.
AB  - RNA synthesis in eucaryotes takes place on template molecules that are activated
      by stably associating with limiting transcription factors. In this paper we
      demonstrate that such stable transcription complexes can be specifically
      sedimented from in vitro transcription reaction mixtures by mild centrifugation.
      This occurs with stable complexes of genes transcribed by all three classes of
      eucaryotic RNA polymerase and with S-100 as well as whole-cell extracts. However,
      the transcriptional capacity of the isolated complex differs for the three
      polymerase classes. The pelleted ribosomal DNA (polymerase I) complex contains
      all the factors necessary for transcription, each purified 25- to 50-fold,
      whereas the pelleted adenovirus major late promoter (polymerase II) complex lacks
      a factor that remains in the supernatant. In the case of 5S DNA (polymerase III),
      a necessary factor associates slowly with the sedimentable complex. Notably, the
      interactions responsible for this rapid sedimentation are specific for DNA
      molecules in stable complexes, suggesting that the in vitro sedimentable complex
      mirrors the in vivo structural organization of active genes.

PMID- 4022008
TI  - The 45-kb unit of major urinary protein gene organization is a gigantic imperfect
      palindrome.
AB  - The multigene family which codes for the mouse major urinary proteins consists of
      about 35 genes. Most of these are members of two distinct groups, group 1 and
      group 2. The group 1 and group 2 genes are organized in head-to-head pairs within
      12 to 15 remarkably uniform chromosomal units or domains about 45 kilobase pairs
      (kb) in size. The 45-kb units are located on chromosome 4, and many of them are
      adjacent to each other. We propose that the 45-kb unit is a unit both of
      organization and of evolutionary change. In this study the homologies within the
      unit were observed by examining, in an electron microscope, heteroduplex and
      foldback structures made from cloned major urinary protein genes. These show that
      the 45-kb unit is a gigantic imperfect palindrome. Each arm of the palindrome
      contains two regions of inverted symmetry of 9.5 and 4.5 kb separated by a 3-kb
      nonsymmetrical region. We argue that the nonsymmetrical regions arose by a series
      of deletion events in the two arms of the palindrome. The center of the 45-kb
      unit is an 8-kb sequence without inverted symmetry flanked by the 9.5-kb regions,
      which contain the 4-kb genes and their immediate 5' and 3' flanking regions. The
      junction between adjacent 45-kb units is a 2- to 4-kb sequence without inverted
      symmetry flanked by the 4.5-kb regions. Some of the 45-kb units are arranged as
      direct tandem repeats. Others appear to be in inverted orientation with respect
      to a neighboring unit. Cloned major urinary protein genes show few incidences of
      the repetitive elements B1, B2, R, and MIF. Two elements, a B1 and an R, may be a
      constant feature of the 45-kb units. If so, in those cases in which the units are
      in tandem array, both of these elements will occur with a 45-kb periodicity. A
      comparison of corresponding parts of different 45-kb units shows that they differ
      because of a number of deletion or insertion events, particularly in the regions
      3' to the genes.

PMID- 4022009
TI  - Reconstruction of appropriate tubulin and actin gene regulation after transient
      transfection of cloned beta-tubulin and beta-actin genes.
AB  - Most animal cells rapidly depress the synthesis of new alpha- and beta-tubulin
      polypeptides in response to microtubule inhibitors that increase the pool of
      depolymerized subunits. This apparent autoregulatory control of tubulin synthesis
      is achieved through the modulation of tubulin mRNA levels. To begin to analyze
      the molecular mechanism responsible for such regulation, we have introduced
      exogenous beta-tubulin gene sequences into cultured mouse cells by DEAE-dextran
      mediated DNA transfection. We find that the heterologous tubulin genes are
      expressed and that their RNA transcripts are accurately processed to mature
      mRNAs. Moreover, after drug-induced microtubule depolymerization, the expression
      of unintegrated tubulin gene sequences is regulated coordinately with the
      endogenous mouse alpha- and beta-tubulin RNA transcripts. Such regulation appears
      to be specific for transfected tubulin genes, since similar down-regulation is
      not observed in a contransfected beta-actin gene. Curiously, in response to
      microtubule depolymerization, the amount of RNA transcripts from a transfected
      beta-actin gene increases twofold, which qualitatively and quantitatively
      parallels that seen by the RNAs encoded by the endogenous actin genes. Thus, the
      transient DNA transfection approach may permit the unambiguous elucidation of
      regulatory sequences involved in establishing the proper level of expression of
      these two important cytoskeletal gene families.

PMID- 4022010
TI  - Mouse testes contain two size classes of actin mRNA that are differentially
      expressed during spermatogenesis.
AB  - Using several actin isotype-specific cDNA probes, we found actin mRNA of two size
      classes, 2.1 and 1.5 kilobases (kb), in extracts of polyadenylated and
      nonpolyadenylated RNA from sexually mature CD-1 mouse testes. Although the 2.1-kb
      sequence was present in both meiotic and postmeiotic testicular cell types, it
      decreased manyfold in late haploid cells. The 1.5-kb actin sequence was not
      detectable in meiotic pachytene spermatocytes (or in liver or kidney cells), but
      was present in round and elongating spermatids and residual bodies. To
      differentiate between the beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs, we isolated a cDNA, pMGA,
      containing the 3' untranslated region of a mouse cytoplasmic actin that has
      homology to the 3' untranslated region of a human gamma-actin cDNA but not to the
      3' untranslated regions of human alpha-, beta-, or cardiac actins. Dot blot
      hybridizations with pMGA detected high levels of presumptive gamma-actin mRNA in
      pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, with lower amounts found in
      elongating spermatids. Hybridization with the 3' untranslated region of a rat
      beta-actin probe revealed that round spermatids contained higher levels of beta
      actin mRNA than did pachytene spermatocytes or residual bodies. Both probes
      hybridized to the 2.1-kb actin mRNA but failed to hybridize to the 1.5-kb mRNA.

PMID- 4022012
TI  - Nonexpression of a major heat shock gene in mouse plasmacytoma MPC-11.
AB  - The major heat shock gene coding for a 68,000-dalton protein was found to be
      silent in mouse plasmacytoma MPC-11 in both control and stressed cells. The block
      appears to be at the level of transcription, although RNA processing or
      instability has not been ruled out. It is not caused by a major deletion or
      rearrangement of the gene.

PMID- 4022011
TI  - Characterization of the functional gene and several processed pseudogenes in the
      human triosephosphate isomerase gene family.
AB  - The functional gene and three intronless pseudogenes for human triosephosphate
      isomerase were isolated from a recombinant DNA library and characterized in
      detail. The functional gene spans 3.5 kilobase pairs and is split into seven
      exons. Its promoter contains putative TATA and CCAAT boxes and is extremely rich
      in G and C residues (76%). The pseudogenes share a high degree of homology with
      the functional gene but contain mutations that preclude the synthesis of an
      active triosephosphate isomerase enzyme. Sequence divergence calculations
      indicate that these pseudogenes arose approximately 18 million years ago. We
      present evidence that there is a single functional gene in the human
      triosephosphate isomerase gene family.

PMID- 4022013
TI  - Haploid expression of a unique c-abl transcript in the mouse male germ line.
AB  - RNA from immature mouse testes was shown to lack a low-molecular-weight c-abl
      transcript previously noted to be the predominant species in adult testes. The
      developmental pattern of appearance of this c-abl variant was determined by
      analyzing RNA obtained from purified populations of testicular cells in different
      stages of spermatogenesis. The appearance of the c-abl testicular variant was
      coincident with the entry of the germ cells into their haploid state and
      suggested that the regulated expression of this proto-oncogene may be important
      in the normal differentiation of the male germ line.

PMID- 4022014
TI  - Further evidence showing that neurotoxin-acetylcholine receptor dissociation is
      accelerated by monoclonal neurotoxin-specific immunoglobulin.
AB  - We have demonstrated that the dissociation of Naja nigricollis alpha-toxin from
      the two acetylcholine receptor sites [Weber and Changeux, Molec. Pharmac. 10, 1
      14 (1974); Rousselet et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 140, 31-37 (1984)], is markedly
      accelerated by a monoclonal neurotoxin-specific antibody. The dissociation of the
      toxin occurs in a biphasic manner in the presence of a 900 molar excess of
      immunoglobulin (with respect to toxin concn). The progress curves are
      characterized by first-order kinetics. Under these conditions the maximal
      dissociation rate is achieved as further rate enhancement cannot be induced by
      exposure to an increased immunoglobulin level. In contrast when a toxin
      immunoglobulin complex is incubated with a large excess of receptor, the
      dissociation kinetics of the complex are not enhanced. The data fit a kinetic
      model which implicates the existence of a transient ternary complex involving the
      receptor, the toxin and the antibody.

PMID- 4022015
TI  - Conditions for binding bovine IgG1 to protein A-Sepharose.
AB  - Conditions were established so that both subclasses of bovine IgG were bound to
      Protein A-Sepharose. Increasing the pH of the starting buffer to pH 8.0 from pH
      7.0 and increasing the starting phosphate concentration of the buffer to 0.5 M
      from 0.2 M enhanced the separation. Using these modifications in the buffer
      system, IgG1 was eluted from pH 7.0 to 7.8 and IgG2 at pH 5.0. Two major peaks
      were associated with IgG1 activity indicating heterogeneity of binding to protein
      A-Sepharose. One peak was found for IgG2. The molecular weights of the fractions
      were determined to be that of IgG by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 4022016
TI  - Structural features of the autoantigens involved in thyroid autoimmune disease:
      the thyroid microsomal/microvillar antigen.
AB  - The microsomal/microvillar antigen of the human thyroid gland which provokes
      thyroid autoimmunity was characterised by immunoprecipitation studies. Sera from
      patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, primary myxoedema or Graves' disease
      containing autoanti-microsomal antibody specifically precipitated a component,
      which under reducing conditions migrates with a mol. wt of 105,000 on SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein was absent in auto- or xeno-anti
      thyroglobulin precipitates, which under reducing conditions display four
      polypeptides of Mr 260,000, 230,000, 180,000 and 142,000. Under non-reducing
      conditions, the microsomal/microvillar antigen displayed a small shift in
      mobility to a mol. wt of 117,000 suggesting the presence of intrachain disulphide
      bonds. In contrast, under these conditions, anti-thyroglobulin precipitated
      components displaying polypeptides of approx. mol. wts in the region of 240,000
      260,000, 170,000-180,000 and 140,000. Absorption of thyroiditis sera on
      thyroglobulin-Sepharose followed by immunoprecipitation abolished the anti
      thyroglobulin components without affecting the binding of the 105,000-dalton
      polypeptide, if the sera contained antimicrosomal antibody. No comparable
      material was identified in microsomal membrane preparations prepared from the
      stomach which is also commonly involved in organ-specific autoimmunity. The
      105,000-dalton component does not bind to a Lens culinaris lectin affinity
      column. We conclude that the epitopes of the microsomal/microvillar antigen are
      presented on a poorly glycosylated peptide of mol. wt 105,000, which is probably
      stabilised by intrachain disulphide bonds and which does not share serological
      reactivity with membrane-bound thyroglobulin.

PMID- 4022017
TI  - Affinity chromatographic purification of antibody subsets depends on the mode of
      cross-linking of antigen to the affinity matrix.
AB  - Affinity columns for the separation of rabbit antibodies (Abs) to the purified
      nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AcChR) from Torpedo californica electroplax
      were constructed in two ways: (1) by direct cross-linking of purified AcChR to
      cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose 4B, and (2) by first cross-linking a
      purified curarimimetic neurotoxin to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose 4B,
      subsequently saturating with AcChR, and finally cross-linking the toxin to
      noncovalently bound receptors with bisimidate cross-linkers such as dimethyl
      suberimidate (DMS). Ab(AcChR) from pooled rabbit antisera were chromatographed in
      near stoichiometric proportions to the AcChR bound to the column to allow
      equilibrium selection of antibodies directed against sites which were not
      sterically hindered. The concept that columns of the second type subfractionate
      Ab(AcChR) was tested by analyzing Ab(AcChR) from column fractions with an ELISA
      and radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure. The ELISA was constructed to that the
      exposed face of the AcChR was the same as that expected for columns of the second
      type, i.e. for the internal or cytoplasmic face. Enhanced ratios of ELISA to RIA
      measures of Ab(AcChR) reflected substantial purification of cytoplasmic face
      antibodies in DMS-cross linked columns. Total Ab(AcChR) was measured by RIA. Both
      types of columns gave substantial purification of tightly bound antibodies, i.e.
      those which were eluted with 3M potassium thiocyanate. Thirty-fifty percent of
      the IgG eluted was found in these fractions, which contained 2-6% of the total
      eluted protein. Approximately half of the total IgG present in these fractions
      represented specific IgG against AcChR. Both types of columns could be reutilized
      giving similar results; however, their efficiency was diminished.

PMID- 4022018
TI  - Fc intermediate (Fci), a papain-generated fragment of human IgG, intermediate in
      charge, molecular weight and cleavage between the Fc and Fc' fragments of IgG.
AB  - Fc intermediate (Fci) is a papain-generated fragment of human IgG which is
      intermediate in charge, mol. wt and state of cleavage between the Fc and Fc'
      fragments of IgG. It is composed of two polypeptide chains of unequal mol. wt
      held together by non-covalent bonds between the C gamma 3 regions. The larger
      polypeptide chain has both a C gamma 2 and C gamma 3 domain and its N-terminus is
      at Leu 235 (60%) and Leu 234 (40%) (IgGl Eu numbering). The smaller polypeptide
      chain is composed of a C gamma 3 domain with its N-terminus at Gly 341. The
      carboxy-termini obtained by carboxypeptidase digestion and by a computer program
      which determined the most probable sequences by fitting the amino acid
      compositions to the sequence of IgG Eu Fc were heterogeneous involving residues
      440-446 for the large polypeptide chain and 429-436 for the small one. The
      calculated mol. wt of the large polypeptide chain was 26,183, assuming the N
      terminus at Leu 234 and C-terminus at 446 and including the carbohydrate moiety.
      The calculated mol. wt for the small polypeptide chain was 10,682, with the N
      terminus at 341 and assuming the C-terminus at 434, for a combined mol. wt of
      36,865 for the Fci fragment. Sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation of Fci
      under non-dissociating conditions showed an Mn of 36,200 +/- 1200, an Mw of
      36,400 +/- 600 and an Mz of 37,000 +/- 300 g/mole. The best yields of Fc were
      obtained with a 6-hr digestion and the best yields of Fcl and Fc' were obtained
      with digestion for 18 hr in phosphate buffer. Digestion in Tris buffer for 18 hr
      gave results similar to the 18-hr digestion in phosphate buffer except the yields
      of Fc' were less. This fragment may be useful for exploring biological functions
      of human IgG Fc. In addition, some Fc fragments obtained by papain digestion of
      human IgG either in phosphate or Tris buffer are not covalently bonded and are
      probably cleaved on the carboxy-terminal side of the interchain disulfide bonds
      at Leu 234 or Leu 235, the N-termini for the large polypeptide chain of Fci. This
      indicates that, if disulfide bonded Fc fragments are needed, gel filtration under
      dissociating conditions will be necessary to remove non-covalently bonded Fc.

PMID- 4022019
TI  - [Ontogenesis of lymphoid organs. Immunophenotype and tissue structure].

PMID- 4022021
TI  - [Molecular interactions in fluorescence polarization analysis].

PMID- 4022020
TI  - [Portal hypertension of non-cirrhotic origin].

PMID- 4022022
TI  - [Fulminating fatal dermatomyositis and myasthenia gravis after a bee sting
      (clinicopathological study)].

PMID- 4022023
TI  - Fecal mutagenicity arising from ingestion of fried ground beef in the human.
AB  - Fried ground beef has been shown to contain mutagens, and the major mutagenic
      component has been identified as 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline
      (MeIQx). Mutagens in feces of 3 adult volunteers were fractionated by treatment
      of the feces with blue cotton followed by chromatography on a carboxymethyl
      cellulose column. The chromatographic fraction, corresponding to MeIQx in terms
      of the position of elution, was examined for mutagenicity in S. typhimurium TA98
      with metabolic activation. When meals containing no heated meat were eaten, this
      fraction of feces showed little or no mutagenicity. On eating fried ground beef,
      the feces excreted in the next two days showed greatly increased mutagenicity in
      this fraction. By eating no-meat meal subsequent to the meat meal, the
      mutagenicity resumed the original low level on the fourth day after the meat
      meal. The components in the mutagenic fraction were probably metabolites of the
      mutagens present in cooked meat, since analysis by high pressure liquid
      chromatography of the mutagenic fraction showed that the active components in the
      feces were different from the mutagens in cooked meat.

PMID- 4022024
TI  - A preliminary analysis of the genotoxicity of a few spices in Drosophila.

PMID- 4022025
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in a population exposed to
      pesticides.
AB  - Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosomal aberrations were studied in a
      population of floriculturists occupationally exposed to organophosphorus,
      carbamate and organochlorine pesticides. Blood samples from 36 individuals from a
      community of 154 persons of asiatic origin were obtained. Among the group
      sampled, 21 individuals exhibited at least one symptom of chronic intoxication.
      SCE analysis was performed in 14 symptomatic and 13 asymptomatic persons. The
      asymptomatic group showed a SCE frequency of 5.47 +/- 1.03 and the symptomatic
      group a frequency of 6.45 +/- 1.19. Comparison between both groups with the Mann
      Whitney 'U' test revealed a significant difference (p 0.0409). Case-control
      analysis of 9 pairs matched by sex and age also showed significant differences
      between both groups (p 0.0104). In contrast, the frequencies of chromosomal
      aberrations were not correlated with intoxication symptomatology, though a
      significant increment of exchange-type aberrations in relation to a group of non
      floriculturists was observed in the population studied.

PMID- 4022026
TI  - A study of the frequency of sister-chromatid exchange and of thioguanine
      resistant cells in mouse spleen lymphocytes after in vivo exposure to
      ethylnitrosourea.
AB  - As part of the development of a multi-endpoint, in vivo, mouse model for
      mutagenesis we have measured the frequency of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and
      the frequency of thioguanine-resistant (TGr) cells among the lymphocytes of the
      mouse spleen following acute, intraperitoneal exposure to ethylnitrosourea (ENU).
      The responses of these two endpoints have been monitored both as a function of
      the dose of ENU injected, ranging from 0 to 70 mg/kg, and as a function of time
      after injection, from 1 day to 72 days. The SCE frequency response was highest 1
      day after the ENU was injected, increasing 2.5-fold over control values for mice
      that received 70 mg/kg, and declined to control values in all animals by 72 days.
      SCE showed a linear dose response both at 1 day and 8 days after injection. The
      frequency of TGr cells was at control levels at 1 day, but at 15, 36 and 72 days
      after ENU injection the frequency of TGr cells showed a linear dose response. In
      addition, the frequency of TGr cells increased linearly with time for both the 35
      and 70 mg/kg doses. The frequency of TGr cells for mice that had received 70 mg
      ENU/kg 72 days previously, was 100-fold higher than in control animals, giving a
      frequency of 1.4 X 10(-4).

PMID- 4022027
TI  - The effect of caffeine on X-ray-induced mitotic delay in normal human and ataxia
      telangiectasia fibroblasts.
AB  - We previously showed that radiation-sensitive fibroblasts from ataxia
      telangiectasia (A-T) patients sustain less G2 delay after X-irradiation than
      normal fibroblasts (Scott and Zampetti-Bosseler, 1982). Caffeine is known to
      reduce the amount of X-ray-induced delay in various mammalian cell types. Painter
      and Young (1980) proposed that A-T cells have an altered chromatin structure,
      similar to that of caffeine-treated normal cells and that this results in a
      failure of A-T cells to delay their progression through the cell cycle to allow
      time for DNA repair. We now show that caffeine treatment after X-irradiation
      reduces G2 delay in both A-T and normal cells. We confirm the results previously
      obtained on lymphocytes that caffeine potentiates the chromosome-damaging effects
      of X-rays in both A-T and normal fibroblasts. These and other data suggest that
      the radiation responses of A-T cells and of caffeine-treated normal cells are
      caused by different mechanisms.

PMID- 4022028
TI  - Cytostatic drug activity in plasma, a bioassay for detecting mutagenicity of
      directly and indirectly acting chemicals, an evaluation of 20 chemicals.
AB  - We have utilized in vivo drug metabolism for detecting the mutagenicity of known
      indirectly-acting chemical mutagens. Exponentially growing Chinese hamster ovary
      (CHO) cells were incubated with plasma derived from treated rats containing
      active metabolites of the test chemicals. The genotoxicity was assessed by the 18
      of tested chemical mutagens. Plasma from rats treated with known non-mutagens did
      not increase the frequencies of SCEs. The results indicate that this method could
      be useful for the demonstration of genotoxicity of chemicals which need metabolic
      activation to be effective, and especially those which are not effective, when in
      vitro activation conditions (S9 mixture) are used.

PMID- 4022029
TI  - Effect of environmental factors on induced chromosomal aberrations in newborns.
AB  - Repeated blood collection was performed in newborns living in 3 distinct areas of
      the country with different levels of chemical pollution in the environment. Both
      the classical and SCE techniques were used in parallel. Blood samples from
      mothers and 1-year-old infants in the same area were also analysed to compare age
      dependent sensitivity to mutagens. Cells with classical aberrations increased
      significantly according to higher chemical pollution, the levels of SCEs were not
      significantly changed. No age-dependent difference in sensitivity to chemical
      mutagens was found.

PMID- 4022030
TI  - Cluster analysis of short-term tests: a new methodological approach.
AB  - A totally data-based approach to the evaluation of short-term tests is proposed.
      The performances of 22 tests over a range of 42 chemicals (data from literature)
      were studied by cluster analysis. The comparison between them was performed only
      on the basis of their responses to the chemicals. Two different clustering
      methods produced a coincident classification, pointing to a clear resolution of
      all tests into 3 groups with common characteristics. With respect to carcinogen
      discrimination, cluster 1 showed the highest sensitivity and the lowest
      specificity. Cluster 3 had opposite characteristics. The tests of cluster 2
      showed intermediate features. As far as the membership to clusters is concerned,
      the literature data about the responses to chemicals indicated a strong test
      system specificity. This apparently overcame both phylogeny and end-point
      community. A major characteristic of the present approach is the ability to
      elicit underlying patterns, the knowledge of which can contribute both to
      hypothesis formulation and be useful for practical purposes.

PMID- 4022031
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatography for isolation of clastogenic agents from
      urine.
AB  - Small columns of XAD-2 resin have been widely used to extract and concentrate
      mutagenic materials from urine. Using analytical HPLC and assays for
      clastogenicity with Chinese hamster ovary cells, we found that small columns of
      XAD-2 resin (1.5 ml bed volume) retain only a small percentage of organic
      material and undetectable amounts of genotoxic activity in urine samples.
      Increasing the size of the XAD resin bed resulted in better recoveries, but much
      organic material was still lost by overloading of the column. In contrast, when
      urine was acidified and chromatographed by preparative reversed-phase HPLC using
      large-bed-volume (500 ml) commercial columns, retention of hydrophobic organic
      material from urine was excellent. Subsequent stepwise elution of the column with
      increasing concentrations of acetone produce 3 fractions of organic material of
      increasing hydrophobicity. When urine from smokers was analysed, all 3 fractions
      contained material which was clastogenic to Chinese hamster ovary cells. The
      procedures developed are suggested as a new general purpose approach to the
      isolation of genotoxic materials from urine.

PMID- 4022032
TI  - Clastogenic agents in the urine of coffee drinkers and cigarette smokers.
AB  - Organic material from the urine of smokers, coffee drinkers, and controls was
      extracted and separated into 3 fractions of differing hydrophobicity using
      preparative reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Fractions were
      assayed for clastogenic activity using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Smoking,
      coffee drinking, or both habits together resulted in a substantial increase in
      the genotoxicity of organic material in all 3 fractions. The clastogenicity of
      fractions 1 and 2 (the two most hydrophilic) was abolished by the addition of
      either catalase or superoxide dismutase to the Chinese hamster ovary cell system,
      suggesting the involvement of active oxygen species in the clastogenic response.
      Clastogenicity of fraction 3, however, was resistant to the action of catalase
      and superoxide dismutase. Fractions were tested for their ability to generate
      hydrogen peroxide in vitro during a 10-min incubation at elevated pH. Fractions 2
      and 3, but not fraction 1 from smokers, coffee drinkers, or those with both
      habits generated significantly more hydrogen peroxide at high pH than did the
      corresponding fractions from control subjects. For fractions 2 and 3 but not 1,
      the ability of a sample to generate hydrogen peroxide at high pH was positively
      correlated with its ability to generate chromosome aberrations at neutral pH in
      tissue culture. The data indicate that both coffee drinking and cigarette smoking
      result in the appearance of clastogenic materials in urine, and suggest that such
      clastogenic agents may produce chromosome aberrations via the production of
      active oxygen species.

PMID- 4022033
TI  - Abnormal development and transport and increased sister-chromatid exchange in
      preimplantation embryos following superovulation in mice.
AB  - Both sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) response and embryonic development and
      transport in preimplantation embryos were evaluated on day 3 of gestation
      (vaginal plug = 1) of superovulated Swiss mice. Superovulation was found to have
      significant effects on number of preimplantation embryos (increase), embryo
      localization (accelerated transport), cleavage rate (advanced development) and
      abnormality rate (misshaped, fragmented, dead embryos). Superovulated 4- and 8
      cell embryos collected from oviducts and uteri and incubated in vitro with 5
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) displayed up to 4 times higher SCE frequency than
      spontaneously ovulated embryos. This increase is independent of stage of
      development and location at the time of embryo collection. The results indicate
      that superovulated embryos may have induced DNA lesions.

PMID- 4022034
TI  - Personal comments on 'Environmental Protection Agency' proposed guidelines for
      mutagenicity risk assessment.

PMID- 4022035
TI  - Dose-related chromosome non-disjunction in female mice after X-irradiation of
      dictyate oocytes.
AB  - The chromosome non-disjunction inducing effect of relatively large doses (100-600
      cGy) of X-rays to various dictyate oocyte stages has been examined by chromosomal
      analysis of 1-cell embryos recovered from female mice 3.5-23.5 days after
      irradiation. Numerical chromosome anomalies, as a result of non-disjunction,
      occurred in significantly larger proportions of embryos from irradiated females
      compared to unirradiated controls. Moreover, non-disjunction was induced by X
      irradiation in dose-related fashions which could be described by either quadratic
      or dose-squared curves. The different oocyte maturation stages sampled showed
      significantly different responses to X-irradiation. The most mature stage,
      sampled 3.5 days after treatment, was less responsive to the non-disjunction
      inducing effect of X-rays compared to other, younger maturation stages.
      Chromosome structural anomalies were also found significantly more frequently
      after X-irradiation of dictyate oocytes. Structural anomalies were induced in
      dose-related fashions in all oocyte maturation stages and could be described by
      either quadratic or dose-squared curves. A smaller proportion of embryos from
      females sampled at the shortest interval after irradiation contained structural
      anomalies compared to those from females sampled at the longer intervals. No
      evidence was obtained for a significant effect of X-irradiation on the frequency
      of triploid embryos.

PMID- 4022036
TI  - Dose-response relationship of gamma-ray-induced reciprocal translocations at low
      doses in spermatogonia of the crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - The yield of translocations induced by acute gamma-irradiation at low doses (0.25
      and 0.50 Gy) in the crab-eating monkey's (Macaca fascicularis) spermatogonia was
      examined. The frequencies of translocations per cell were 0.53% at 0.25 Gy and
      1.07% at 0.50 Gy. Over the low dose range from 0 to 1 Gy, the dose-response
      relationship for translocation yield was a linear one with a regression
      coefficient of 1.79 X 10(-2). To estimate the sensitivity to the induction of
      translocations in the crab-eating monkey's spermatogonia, the slope of the
      regression line was compared with those in other mammalian species. Consequently,
      over the low dose range below 1 Gy, the sensitivity of the crab-eating monkey's
      spermatogonia to translocation induction was similar to several mammalian
      species, the mouse. Chinese hamster, and the rabbit, but significantly higher
      than that of the rhesus monkey and lower than that of the marmoset.

PMID- 4022037
TI  - DNA damage induced by nitropyrenes in primary mouse hepatocytes and in rat H4-II
      E hepatoma cells.
AB  - The capacity of nitropyrenes to cause DNA damage in primary mouse hepatocytes
      (C57BL/6N mice) and rat H4-II-E hepatoma cells was studied by estimating single
      strand breaks using the alkaline elution technique. 1-Nitropyrene (10-200 microM)
      caused clear dose-dependent increases in DNA strand breaks in both cell types,
      whereas no increase in DNA strand breaks was observed in hepatocytes treated with
      1.3-, 1,6-, 1,8-dinitropyrene, 1,3,6-trinitropyrene and 1,3,6,8-tetranitropyrene
      under standard assay conditions (5-20 microM 30-min incubation). However, 1,8
      dinitropyrene (1,8-DNP) caused dose-dependent increases in DNA strand breaks when
      incubated with the H4-II-E cells for 48 h, while no single-strand breaks were
      observed following treatment with 1,6-dinitropyrene (1,6-DNP) under the same
      conditions. Neither 1,6-DNP nor 1,8-DNAP induced DNA crosslinks in the H4-II-E
      cells. These data indicate that substrate specificity exists in the metabolic
      activation of nitropyrenes in murine liver.

PMID- 4022038
TI  - Chromatid damage induced by fluorescent light during G2 phase in normal and
      Gardner syndrome fibroblasts. Interpretation in terms of deficient DNA repair.
AB  - Skin fibroblasts from Gardner syndrome (GS) compared with those from normal
      donors showed a significantly higher incidence of chromatid gaps and breaks
      following exposure to low-intensity, cool-white fluorescent light during G2 phase
      of the cell cycle. Considerable evidence supports the concept that chromatid gaps
      and breaks seen directly after exposure to DNA-damaging agents represent
      unrepaired DNA single- and double-strand breaks respectively. The changes in
      incidence of chromatid aberrations with time after light exposure are consistent
      with the sequence of events known to follow DNA damage and repair. Initially, the
      incidence of light-induced chromatid gaps was equivalent in GS and normal
      fibroblasts. In the normal cells, the chromatid gaps disappeared by 1 h post
      exposure, presumably as a result of efficient repair of DNA single-strand breaks.
      In contrast, the incidence of gaps increased in GS cells by 0.5 h followed by a
      decrease at 1 h and concomitant increase in chromatid breaks. It appears from
      these findings that the increased incidence of chromatid damage in GS fibroblasts
      results from deficient repair of DNA single-strand breaks which arise from
      incomplete nucleotide excision of DNA damage during G2 phase.

PMID- 4022039
TI  - Cytosine arabinoside is a potent clastogen and does not affect the repair of X
      ray-induced chromosome fragments in unstimulated human lymphocytes.
AB  - The metabolic inhibitor of DNA synthesis cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) is known to
      induce chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. It has been recently argued,
      however, that there is no unequivocal evidence that ara-C can damage chromosomes
      directly. Therefore, the effect of ara-C on unstimulated human lymphocytes was
      examined directly by means of the premature chromosome condensation technique. In
      about 50% of the cells, ara-C effectively induced chromosome fragments, which did
      not show rejoining even after the chemical was washed out. These results suggest
      that a possible selection against damaged cells in their progress to mitosis
      could result in the low yields of ara-C-induced chromosome aberrations reported
      in the literature. The effect of ara-C on the repair of radiation-induced
      chromosome aberrations was also examined. Ara-C did not affect the rejoining of
      the chromosome fragments induced in unstimulated human lymphocytes by 6 Gy of X
      rays.

PMID- 4022040
TI  - Gamma-rays kill grasshopper primary spermatocytes in groups.
AB  - Primary spermatocyte killing by gamma-rays was studied in the grasshopper
      Heteracris littoralis in which spermatogenic development occurs in cysts
      containing a maximum of 64 cells during the first meiotic division. Cell killing
      at this stage is not random and mainly involves the death of whole cysts. The
      dose-response curve for cell killing has complex kinetics with at least two
      components but lacks any shoulder at low doses, thus indicating no repair of the
      lethal damage. Cell loss is apparent from surviving cysts as early as 45 min post
      irradiation but loss of greater than 24 cells is incompatible with cyst survival.
      Loss of fewer than 24 cells also is not random since certain values for cell loss
      are frequently observed while other, interspersed values are not seen at all.

PMID- 4022041
TI  - In vitro studies of biological effects of cigarette smoke condensate. I.
      Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of neutral, semivolatile constituents.
AB  - Much of the biological activity of cigarette smoke resides in the neutral
      fraction of the particulate phase. Since the volatile constituents of this
      material, the semivolatiles, are accessible to selective filtration, some of the
      biological activity of cigarette smoke might be reduced. In view of this, the
      genotoxic and cytotoxic effects and the chemical composition of the semivolatile
      neutral material of a cigarette smoke condensate was investigated. Cigarette
      smoke condensate obtained from domestic American blend type cigarettes, was
      separated into a volatile, a nonvolatile and a semivolatile fraction. The
      semivolatile constituents were fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction into 4
      subfractions: acids, phenols, bases and neutrals. The neutral material was
      separated further by silica gel chromatography into 7 subfractions of varying
      polarity. The major components of these were identified by gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry. These fractions were studied using 4 in vitro short-term
      tests, of which 2, the Ames test and induction of sister-chromatid exchanges,
      provided information on their genotoxicity and the other 2 provided information
      on their cytotoxicity by measuring inhibition of cell growth and inhibition of
      oxidative metabolism. Sister-chromatid exchanges were induced by the neutral
      fraction and the 7 subfractions, the activities of which increased with
      increasing polarity. Neither the total neutral material, nor the subfractions
      showed any mutagenic activity in the Ames test. The cytotoxic effect of the
      fractions of medium polarity, was greater than that of the total neutral
      material, while the most and the least polar fractions were less toxic.

PMID- 4022042
TI  - The mutagenic potency of 4 agents at the thymidine kinase locus in mouse lymphoma
      L5178Y cells in vitro: effects of exposure time.
AB  - Mutagenic potency at the thymidine kinase (TK) locus in mouse lymphoma L5178Y
      cells (expressed as induced trifluorothymidine (TFT)-resistant mutants/total
      dose) was assessed for 4 agents (ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), benzidine, 1,8
      dinitropyrene (1,8-DNP) and ICRF 159) using short (3-4 h) and long (21-24 h)
      exposure times. The mutagenic potency of EMS was found to be essentially
      independent of concentration and exposure time when tested over a cytotoxic range
      consistent with routine testing procedures. Similar results were obtained with
      benzidine but for both 1,8-DNP and ICRF 159 mutagenic potency was found to be
      highly dependent on the concentration and exposure time. 1,8-DNP failed to induce
      any significant increases in mutant frequency when tested at concentrations up to
      5 micrograms/ml using short exposure times, whereas the compound was active at
      concentrations as low as 0.1 microgram/ml when the exposure period was extended
      to 21 h. Under the latter conditions, however, the molar potency of 1,8-DNP was
      found to be inversely related to concentration over a range extending from 0.1 to
      5 micrograms/ml. ICRF 159 induced increases in the frequency of TFT-resistant
      mutants using short or long exposure times. When a short exposure time was used,
      however, the mutagenic potency of the antitumour agent decreased with increasing
      concentration between 1 and 500 micrograms/ml. Although possible explanations can
      be offered to account for these observations the results illustrate potential
      problems which may arise in this system when comparing mutagenic potency values
      for a range of compounds with a view to assessing relative risk.

PMID- 4022043
TI  - Comparative in vitro cytogenetic studies in mercury-exposed human lymphocytes.
AB  - As part of a long-term cytogenetic research project on mercury, we studied the in
      vitro clastogenic capacity of HgCl2 and CH3HgCl as well as their influence on
      chromosome segregation by means of a computer-aided chromosome distribution study
      in metaphase plates. As in other in vitro studies published elsewhere, we exposed
      human peripheral blood lymphocytes to different concentrations of the mercury
      compound during a limited period of the pre-DNA synthetic stage (G1-S) or from
      that stage up to mitosis (G1-M). For both exposure periods and both mercury
      compounds we observed a rather important clastogenic effect as well as a
      dissociation of the (normally highly associated) acrocentrics. The results do
      indicate, in conjunction with previously published data, that mercury compounds
      alter the chromosome segregation at lower concentrations than those observed for
      clastogenicity. Moreover, the effects on chromosome segregation are not
      necessarily due to binding to spindle proteins. Binding to--and inactivation of
      RNA polymerase I may for example be another mechanism of action which is more
      important for the inorganic form of mercury than for the organic form.

PMID- 4022044
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes and mutagenicity in urine of nurses
      handling cytostatic drugs.
AB  - Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in peripheral blood lymphocytes and mutagenicity
      of urine (Ames test) were measured in a group of 21 nurses professionally
      handling antineoplastic drugs and in a group of 21 unexposed controls. No
      differences in SCE frequencies and in urinary mutagenic activity between exposed
      and unexposed groups were detected. A clear positive increase in urinary
      mutagenicity in the TA98 Salmonella strain was observed with increasing number of
      cigarettes smoked, whereas no evident influence of smoking on SCE was seen. Age,
      coffee and alcohol consumption did not show any detectable effect in the two
      tests.

PMID- 4022045
TI  - Cigarette smoking and the risk of endometrial cancer.
AB  - Because of evidence of reduced estrogen excretion in the urine of women who smoke
      cigarettes and evidence linking estrogen levels to the risk of cancer of the
      female reproductive system, we evaluated the risk of endometrial cancer in
      relation to cigarette use in a hospital-based case-control study of 510 women
      with endometrial cancer (cases) and 727 women with other cancers (controls). The
      rate-ratio estimate (relative risk) for current smokers as compared with women
      who had never smoked was 0.7 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.5 to 1.0), and
      for former smokers the estimate was 0.9 (0.6 to 1.2). For women currently smoking
      25 or more cigarettes per day, the rate-ratio estimate was 0.5 (0.3 to 0.8). The
      effect of current smoking of at least 25 cigarettes per day appeared to be
      confined to postmenopausal women, among whom the estimate was 0.5 (0.2 to 0.9).
      Among premenopausal women the estimate was 0.9 (0.4 to 2.2), but the difference
      between these two estimates could have been due to chance. The data suggest that
      women who smoke heavily may have a lower risk of endometrial cancer than
      nonsmokers. The present findings do not have direct public health importance
      since cigarettes, overall, have serious deleterious effects. However, if these
      results are confirmed, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms whereby smoking
      reduces the risk would be of interest and might be useful in the development of
      strategies for preventing endometrial cancer.

PMID- 4022046
TI  - Impaired reticuloendothelial function in patients treated with methyldopa.
AB  - In about 20 per cent of patients taking the antihypertensive agent methyldopa,
      IgG autoantibodies form against red cells, but most such patients do not have
      hemolysis. The reason for this is uncertain; it does not appear to be explained
      by known characteristics of the autoantibody. Since antibody-dependent
      reticuloendothelial function is an important determinant of cell clearance, we
      measured reticuloendothelial function in nine patients taking methyldopa. We did
      this by measuring the rate of clearance of radiolabeled autologous red cells
      sensitized with anti-D alloantibody. Five patients had a positive direct
      antiglobulin test, and four did not. Only one patient had laboratory evidence of
      hemolysis. The patients without hemolysis had significantly impaired
      reticuloendothelial clearance. In contrast, the patient with hemolysis did not
      have impaired reticuloendothelial function. This study suggests that in patients
      taking methyldopa who have a positive direct antiglobulin test the absence of
      hemolysis may be caused by an impairment in reticuloendothelial function. That
      the drug itself may be responsible for the impairment is suggested by the
      occurrence of abnormal reticuloendothelial function in patients taking the drug
      who have a negative direct antiglobulin test.

PMID- 4022048
TI  - Community-acquired pneumonia due to penicillin-resistant pneumococci.

PMID- 4022047
TI  - Comparison of a quantitative treadmill exercise score with standard
      electrocardiographic criteria in screening asymptomatic young men for coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - A computer-derived treadmill exercise score that quantifies the
      electrocardiographic response to exercise has been reported to have a high
      sensitivity (87 per cent) and specificity (92 per cent) in patients with a high
      prevalence of coronary artery disease. To test its accuracy in young,
      asymptomatic men with a low prevalence of coronary artery disease, we evaluated
      the responses of 377 military officers (mean age, 36.6 years) by two independent
      methods. According to standard electrocardiographic criteria, 45 of the subjects
      (12 per cent) had positive tests, whereas the treadmill exercise score indicated
      that only 3 (less than 1 per cent) had positive tests. Since two of these three
      had left ventricular hypertrophy and met only the criteria for the latter without
      associated coronary artery disease, the treadmill exercise score predicted that
      only 1 of 377 subjects would have clinically important coronary artery disease.
      Coronary arteriography, performed in 10 persons with the most positive scores on
      standard treadmill tests and the highest scores for risk factors, showed that
      nine subjects did not have coronary artery disease and that one had single-vessel
      disease (the same subject who the treadmill score predicted would have mild
      disease). The treadmill exercise score appears to improve the diagnostic
      specificity of exercise electrocardiography and may be more useful than values on
      standard stress tests in screening asymptomatic populations for coronary artery
      disease.

PMID- 4022049
TI  - Can not smoking be hazardous to your health?

PMID- 4022051
TI  - IUDs and infertility.

PMID- 4022050
TI  - Another perfect treadmill test?

PMID- 4022052
TI  - Wernicke's encephalopathy.

PMID- 4022053
TI  - Altered glucose metabolism in fibroblasts from patients with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 4022055
TI  - Coronary heart disease: doing the "right things".

PMID- 4022054
TI  - Age-related development of human natural killer cell activity.

PMID- 4022056
TI  - The difference between serum and plasma potassium.

PMID- 4022057
TI  - Salicylate-induced musical perceptions.

PMID- 4022058
TI  - Low doses of dopamine agonists in the long-term treatment of macroprolactinomas.
AB  - To evaluate the long-term effects of dopamine agonists in the treatment of
      macroprolactinoma, we studied prolactin levels and tumor size for 30 to 88 months
      (57 +/- 14, mean +/- S.D.) in 38 patients treated with bromocriptine or lisuride.
      Elevated prolactin levels became normal in 30 patients, and the tumor shrank in
      29. After two years of treatment, we attempted to reduce the maintenance dose (5
      to 20 mg of bromocriptine per day or 0.4 to 0.8 mg of lisuride per day); in 21
      patients no changes in prolactin levels or tumor size were observed over 6 to 52
      months with 0.625 to 10 mg of bromocriptine per day or 0.05 mg of lisuride per
      day. However, it was possible to withdraw the drug in only one patient. We
      conclude that dopamine agonists are usually effective treatments for
      macroprolactinoma and that after a response has been obtained, it can be
      maintained in many patients with a greatly reduced dose.

PMID- 4022059
TI  - Cocaine use in pregnancy.
AB  - With the increasing use of cocaine in the United States, there has been growing
      concern regarding its effects on the fetuses and neonates of pregnant cocaine
      abusers. Twenty-three cocaine-using women enrolled in a comprehensive perinatal
      addiction program were divided into two groups: those using cocaine only and
      those using cocaine plus narcotics. These two groups were compared with a group
      of women who had used narcotics in the past and were maintained on methadone
      during pregnancy, and with a group of drug-free women. All four groups were
      similar in maternal age, socioeconomic status, number of pregnancies, and
      cigarette, marijuana, and alcohol use. Their medical histories indicated that the
      cocaine-using women had a significantly higher rate of spontaneous abortion than
      the women in the other two groups. In the pregnancies under study, four cocaine
      using women had onset of labor with abruptio placentae immediately after
      intravenous self-injection of cocaine. Neonatal gestational age, birth weight,
      length, and head circumference were not affected by cocaine use. However, the
      Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale revealed that infants exposed to
      cocaine had significant depression of interactive behavior and a poor
      organizational response to environmental stimuli (state organization). These
      preliminary observations suggest that cocaine influences the outcome of pregnancy
      as well as the neurologic behavior of the newborn, but a full assessment will
      require a larger number of pregnancies and longer follow-up.

PMID- 4022060
TI  - What about the patient?

PMID- 4022061
TI  - La maladie du petit papier. Is writing a list of symptoms a sign of an emotional
      disorder?

PMID- 4022062
TI  - Use of the initial electrocardiogram to predict in-hospital complications of
      acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4022063
TI  - Pentamidine and renal toxicity.

PMID- 4022064
TI  - More on microvascular disease of the foot in diabetes.

PMID- 4022065
TI  - Phenytoin absorption in adults: effect of aging.

PMID- 4022067
TI  - Common-sense models of health and disease.

PMID- 4022066
TI  - Inflammatory gastric polyps.

PMID- 4022068
TI  - Absorption of chloramphenicol sodium succinate after intramuscular administration
      in children.
AB  - Because it is thought that chloramphenicol is poorly absorbed after intramuscular
      administration, we compared blood levels of chloramphenicol after intramuscular
      administration with those after intravenous administration in children with a
      variety of diagnoses. Fifty-seven children were studied on 62 occasions while
      they were receiving chloramphenicol sodium succinate (25 mg of chloramphenicol
      per kilogram of body weight) intramuscularly every six hours. The peak level of
      chloramphenicol was 19.5 +/- 5.99 micrograms per milliliter (mean +/- S.D.) in 11
      children after the first dose and 31.4 +/- 12.99 micrograms per milliliter in 51
      children after two or more doses. The lowest peak level after intramuscular
      administration was 13 micrograms per milliliter, which is in the therapeutic
      range of 10 to 30 micrograms per milliliter. Thirteen children were studied on 17
      occasions while they were receiving chloramphenicol sodium succinate (25 mg of
      chloramphenicol per kilogram) intravenously every six hours. The peak level of
      chloramphenicol was 19.4 +/- 6.37 micrograms per milliliter in eight children
      after the first dose and 28.2 +/- 11.09 micrograms per milliliter in nine
      children after two or more doses. The area under the serum level curve was not
      significantly different after intramuscular and intravenous administration. We
      conclude that chloramphenicol sodium succinate is well absorbed after
      intramuscular administration. This route is cheaper, it demands less staff time,
      and it does not carry the risks of sepsis and overhydration associated with
      intravenous therapy.

PMID- 4022069
TI  - Risk of illness after exposure to a pediatric office.
AB  - To determine whether well children visiting a pediatrician's office are at risk
      of acquiring common communicable diseases, we conducted a prospective cohort
      study during the winter of 1983-1984. The occurrence of respiratory or
      gastrointestinal illness or fever in young children in the week after a visit to
      a pediatric office (office group) was compared with the occurrence of these
      illnesses in a similar group of children (home group) not exposed to the office
      during the study period. One home comparison subject was matched by age and sex
      to each of 127 children three years of age and under who were seen for well-child
      care in a private pediatric office with a common waiting room. The adjusted
      relative risk of the development of illness during the study week for the office
      group as compared with the home group was 0.95 (95 per cent confidence interval,
      0.66 to 1.37), indicating no effect. We conclude that exposure to a pediatric
      office is not an important cause of the common infections in young children that
      have incubation periods of a week or less.

PMID- 4022070
TI  - The clinical status of hypophosphatemia: an update.

PMID- 4022071
TI  - Type A behavior and survival after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4022072
TI  - Endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of myocarditis.

PMID- 4022073
TI  - Does age or sex influence the probability of symptoms in coronary artery disease?

PMID- 4022075
TI  - Food technology.

PMID- 4022074
TI  - Contributions of aging and estrogen deficiency to postmenopausal bone loss.

PMID- 4022077
TI  - Journal peer review.

PMID- 4022076
TI  - Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

PMID- 4022078
TI  - Basic curricular goals in medical ethics.

PMID- 4022079
TI  - Long-term metabolic control with insulin pump therapy. Report of experience with
      127 patients.
AB  - To determine the long-term efficacy of insulin-pump therapy, we analyzed trends
      in glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations in 127 patients with Type I diabetes
      using insulin pumps for periods ranging from 13 to 47 months. In the first year
      of pump therapy the average glycosylated hemoglobin concentration improved in 83
      per cent of the patients, as compared with the value before pump therapy.
      Although only 11 of the 127 subjects had normal glycosylated hemoglobin values
      before pump therapy, 33 had a normal average value during the first full year of
      pump use (P = 0.0001). This favorable trend persisted for the three-year duration
      of the study. Seventeen of the 19 patients who subsequently discontinued insulin
      pump therapy had improved glycosylated hemoglobin values during the period of
      pump use. Eleven of the 19 patients remained available for follow-up study; the
      glycosylated hemoglobin concentration became worse in 7 when they returned to
      conventional treatment. We conclude that the improvement in metabolic control
      repeatedly demonstrated in short-term studies with the insulin pump can be
      maintained for a period of years.

PMID- 4022080
TI  - The role of metabolite-specific antibodies in nomifensine-dependent immune
      hemolytic anemia.
AB  - Nomifensine is an antidepressant drug (widely used in Europe, but not yet
      available in the United States), which has been linked to intravascular
      hemolysis. We studied 19 patients (18 women and 1 man) with acute intravascular
      hemolysis due to nomifensine-dependent antibodies. Transitory renal insufficiency
      developed in at least seven patients, and four required temporary dialysis. To
      investigate the antibodies, we used nomifensine, its three main metabolites, and
      its ex vivo antigens (urine samples from a volunteer collected 1.5 to 16 hours
      after the ingestion of 100 mg of nomifensine). We found an extraordinary
      heterogeneity of antibody response. Only five antibodies appeared to be primarily
      reactive with nomifensine. The remaining antibodies reacted either optimally or
      exclusively in the presence of one or more of the metabolites. Three of the
      metabolite-specific antibodies were positive only in the presence of ex vivo
      antigens, indicating specificity for as-yet-unidentified early and late
      metabolites of nomifensine. All the antibodies were capable of activating
      complement and belonged to the IgG or IgM class or both. Two serum samples also
      contained weak IgA antibodies. In addition to a variable degree of cross
      reactivity of the antibodies, at least one serum sample had two drug-dependent
      red-cell antibodies (IgG against nomifensine and IgM against metabolites), and
      one sample had a drug-dependent IgM red-cell antibody and an IgG platelet
      antibody. Despite their serologic heterogeneity, all the antibodies were strongly
      reactive with ex vivo antigens. We recommend the use of ex vivo antigens as the
      technique of choice for the detection of nomifensine-dependent (and probably
      other drug-dependent) antibodies.

PMID- 4022081
TI  - Value of the QRS duration versus the serum drug level in predicting seizures and
      ventricular arrhythmias after an acute overdose of tricyclic antidepressants.
AB  - There is a need for a rapid predictor of potential clinical severity to guide
      therapy in patients with an acute overdose of tricyclic antidepressant drugs. We
      performed a prospective study of 49 such patients to observe the associations
      among serum drug levels, maximal limb-lead QRS duration, and the incidence of
      seizures and ventricular arrhythmias. Patients were divided into two groups on
      the basis of maximal limb-lead QRS duration. Group A (13 patients) had a duration
      of less than 0.10 second, and Group B (36 patients) had a QRS duration of 0.10
      second or longer. No seizures or ventricular arrhythmias occurred in Group A. In
      Group B there was a 34 per cent incidence of seizures and a 14 per cent incidence
      of ventricular arrhythmias. All patients survived. Serum drug levels failed to
      predict the risk of seizures or ventricular arrhythmias accurately. Seizures
      occurred at any QRS duration of 0.10 second or longer (P less than 0.05), but
      ventricular arrhythmias were seen only with a QRS duration of 0.16 second or
      longer (P less than 0.0005). We conclude that determination of the maximal limb
      lead QRS duration predicts the risk of seizures and ventricular arrhythmias in
      acute overdose with tricyclic antidepressants. Serum drug levels are not of
      predictive value.

PMID- 4022082
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 34-1985. A 32-year-old man with granulomatous myocarditis and
      cardiac failure.

PMID- 4022084
TI  - Clinical use of antidepressant blood levels and the electrocardiogram.

PMID- 4022083
TI  - Drug-induced immune hemolysis.

PMID- 4022085
TI  - Matching prescription drugs and consumers. The benefits of direct advertising.

PMID- 4022086
TI  - Management of asthma during pregnancy.

PMID- 4022087
TI  - A possible teratogenic effect of propranolol.

PMID- 4022089
TI  - Physicians' fees.

PMID- 4022088
TI  - Identification of human osteoclasts with monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 4022090
TI  - Clonal rearrangements of T-cell receptor genes in mycosis fungoides and
      dermatopathic lymphadenopathy.
AB  - Histologic diagnosis of mycosis fungoides may be difficult, especially in lymph
      nodes that show changes frequently associated with chronic skin disease. As an
      alternative approach to diagnosis, we have analyzed the configuration of DNA for
      the beta T-cell receptor genes in biopsy tissues from 14 patients with mycosis
      fungoides. Clonal rearrangements of these genes were found in each specimen tht
      contained histologically unambiguous mycosis fungoides. Clonal rearrangements
      were also found in seven of nine lymph nodes removed from patients with mycosis
      fungoides and considered histologically to contain only benign lymphadenopathy.
      Matching rearrangements of beta T-cell receptor genes were detected in benign
      lymph nodes and histologically involved tissues when paired specimens were
      available from the same cases. Our findings provide molecular evidence for the
      clonal T-cell origin of mycosis fungoides and indicate the high incidence of
      extracutaneous disease in patients with palpable lymphadenopathy. In addition,
      this study demonstrates that the detection of rearranged T-cell receptor genes
      can be a sensitive and practical method for the diagnosis and characterization of
      T-cell neoplasms.

PMID- 4022091
TI  - Response to measles vaccine in Haitian infants 6 to 12 months old. Influence of
      maternal antibodies, malnutrition, and concurrent illnesses.
AB  - To study the factors affecting the serologic response to measles vaccination, we
      evaluated 595 Haitian infants from 6 through 12 months of age, and their mothers,
      at the beginning of an immunization program. Thirty-four per cent of the infants
      had preexisting serologic evidence of measles infections by 11 months of age.
      Among infants more than nine months of age, those who had had measles had a
      significantly lower nutritional status than those who had not (P less than 0.01).
      After vaccination, seroconversion rates increased from 45 per cent at 6 months to
      100 per cent at 12 months. The lowest rate of vaccine failure compatible with
      acceptably low rates of natural infections could be achieved by vaccination after
      eight months of age. Infants born to mothers with low levels of antibody to
      measles (hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers less than 1:40) were
      significantly more likely to have had natural measles (P less than 0.01) or to
      have seroconversion after vaccination (P less than 0.001) at 6 to 10 months of
      age than were infants born to mothers with higher of age than were infants born
      to mothers with higher titers. Malnutrition and acute infections did not affect
      seroconversion rates. These data support the World Health Organization
      recommendation to administer measles vaccine in under-developed countries as soon
      after nine months of age as possible, regardless of nutritional status or the
      presence of minor illnesses.

PMID- 4022093
TI  - Possible association of measles virus infection with rheumatic fever.

PMID- 4022092
TI  - Measles--forgotten but not gone.

PMID- 4022094
TI  - Renal retention of potassium in fruit.

PMID- 4022095
TI  - Case 15-1985.

PMID- 4022096
TI  - Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in HMOs or in fee-for-service practice.

PMID- 4022097
TI  - Megacorporate health care.

PMID- 4022098
TI  - The relation of faculty academic activity to financing sources in a department of
      medicine.

PMID- 4022099
TI  - Presidential illness and prevention of disease.

PMID- 4022100
TI  - Bearing the news.

PMID- 4022101
TI  - [Hematologic changes in rats following exposure to dichlorvos].
AB  - Two different experiments on rats were carried out: an acute intoxication causing
      clinical symptoms and a subchronical intoxication without any symptoms. After the
      acute experiment an increase of hemoglobin- and hematocrite values as well as of
      the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was found. These differences are
      interpreted to be an increased erythropoiesis after hypoxia. Following the
      subchronical experiment the parameters mentioned above had decreased. These
      results linked up to anisocytosis, poikilocytosis and/or polychromasia in 30% of
      the treated animals and allow to assume a disorder of erythropoiesis. The results
      require to take in consideration a prophylactic hematological survey of long-term
      exposed people.

PMID- 4022102
TI  - [The herbicide propachlor--14 C synthesis, toxicologic problems and methodology
      studies on the determination of residues in corn, potatoes, water and soil].
AB  - Using the synthesized agent propachlor (N-isopropyl-2-chloroacetanilid) labelled
      with 14C, methodical investigations revealed an extremely high steam volatility
      not being assumed before because of the low vapour pressure. The method of steam
      distillation basing on this fact is of universal application to the processing of
      maize, potatoes, water, and soil, in which propachlor could be quantitatively
      determined by gas chromatography with a detection sensitivity of 0.02 ppm.
      Furthermore, this methods allows a simple purification of the raw product of
      synthesis containing impurities up to 20%. Propachlor codistilled with steam had
      a purity of more than 99%. Possibly, the high steam volatility of propachlor
      could have economic and toxicological consequences as to its application
      (volatilization in the open air with a high atmospheric humidity along with high
      temperatures). Therefore, an investigation of the steam volatility in the general
      screening programme for new agents is to be recommended in addition to the usual
      investigations of steam pressure.

PMID- 4022103
TI  - Bacteria and food poisoning organisms in milk.
AB  - Individual milk samples of 50 goats, 50 ewes and 50 cows were examined for the
      total viable count, coliform bacteria, staphylococci and salmonellae. Growth of
      enterotoxin A producing Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10652 in the milk of the three
      animal species was also studied. The average total count was 1.9 X 10(7) cells/ml
      for cow's, 7.7 X 10(6) for goat's and 2.7 X 10(6) for ewe's milk with micrococci
      staphylococci, rods and streptococci being the predominant organisms in the three
      milks, respectively. Goat's milk contained the lowest numbers of coliforms and
      ewe's milk the highest numbers. Staphylococcus aureus could not be detected in
      goat's milk, whilst 16 and 26% of the ewe's and cow's milk samples contained 100
      and 80 cells/ml, respectively. Out of 39 coagulase positive staphylococci, 27
      were thermonuclease positive, 18 produced lecithinase and 15 fermented mannitol.
      Red blood cells of sheep origin were much more resistant to lysis by ewe's
      strains compared to bovine strains. Growth curves of Staphylococcus aureus were
      nearly linear at 17 degrees C but exponential at 31 degrees C without lag phase.
      Hazardous numbers of about 10(6) cells/ml were readily reached at 31 degrees C
      after 6 h and at 17 degrees C after 18 h. Salmonellae could not be detected in
      any of the samples examined. Out of 19 enterobacteria suspected to be salmonellae
      11 proved to be Proteus and 8 Citrobacter.

PMID- 4022104
TI  - Determination of the decomposition products of Usal in model systems and
      determination of dioxopiperazine in soft drinks by HPLC.
AB  - A HPLC method for the determination of Usal (Aspartame hydrochloride, L-aspartyl
      L-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride) and its decomposition products was
      elaborated. Aspartic acid, phenylalanine, phenylalanine methyl ester, aspartyl
      phenylalanine, phenylalanyl-aspartic acid, 5-benzyl-3,6-dioxo-2-piperazineacetic
      acid (DOP) and Usal were separated on Separon SI C-18. The mobile phase was: 0.5
      M NaH2PO4 (pH 2.1) and methanol (85:15 v/v). The detection was carried out at 200
      nm. The method for DOP determination was tested by the analysis of 10 types of
      soft drinks to which DOP was added. In two newly developed sorts of soft drinks
      sweetened with Usal the formation of DOP was followed during storage. The DOP
      increment after 34 days of storage reached 0.7 and 6 mg/l at 7 and 20 degrees C,
      resp. The method is also suitable for DOP determination in the sweetener itself.

PMID- 4022105
TI  - [Identification and determination of phosphates in dairy products].
AB  - This paper outlines the thin-layer chromatographic separation of condensed
      phosphates on polyamide-starch layers with subsequent digestion of the spots and
      photometric identification of the phosphates. With cheese and condensed milk the
      preparation of samples is carried out by isolation of the phosphate solution
      after protein precipitation by trichloroacetic acid. With pure phosphate
      solutions a recovery rate of 95.9% +/- 3.1% was established, whereas the recovery
      rate of added phosphate from processed cheese and condensed milk was 82.7% +/-
      5.9%.

PMID- 4022106
TI  - [Distribution of free carboxyl groups in native pectins from fruits and
      vegetables].
AB  - Pectins from 18 kinds of fruit and vegetable are extracted with ammonium oxalate
      from the alcohol-insoluble substance and fractioned on DEAE-Sephacell. All the
      fruit pectins as well as tomato and sunflower pectin have in their distribution
      of the esterification degree a concentration maximum in the highly esterified
      range, that is above an esterification degree of 60%. With lower esterification
      degrees the concentration decreased continuously. Vegetable pectins from
      cucumbers, celery, and tomato-paprika (sweet, red) have their maximum within an
      esterification range of 50-60%. The carboxyl groups are randomly distributed in
      all these preparations. As against that, vegetable pectins from red and white
      cabbage, cauliflower, large radish and carrots have in addition to a pectin
      fraction with randomly distributed carboxyl groups another one, pectin molecules
      of which have blocks of free carboxyl groups. The latter fraction may constitute
      up to 50% of the pectin.

PMID- 4022107
TI  - [The enzymatic degradation of DDT. 3. Metabolism of DDT].
AB  - DDT orally given to rats is converted into DDD by reductive dechlorination in the
      liver within 30 min. 6 h after a single application of 10 mg DDT per rat a
      quantity of 60 mg DDD/kg was indicated in the liver. DDT is stored in the adrenal
      glands; in the other organs an equilibrium comes up obviously, even with further
      application. The quantitative ratios are reported. Information on the
      experimental details of DDT determination and--anticipatory to the following
      publications--on the analysis of the most relevant metabolites is given.

PMID- 4022108
TI  - [The enzymatic degradation of DDT. 4. Degradation of DDD
      (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane)].
AB  - DDD is formed from DDT by reductive dechlorination. After application of DDD to
      rats the dechlorination product DDMU could be detected only after short exposures
      in the organs, in high concentrations, however, permanently in the faeces. The
      distribution of DDD in the organism of the rats is studied.

PMID- 4022109
TI  - [Toxicologic study of maneb in rats from small or large nests].

PMID- 4022110
TI  - [Ultrastructure of fat cells of obese patients with diabetes mellitus before and
      after treatment with a reducing diet].
AB  - Ultrastructural investigation of lipocytes of obese diabetics (Diabetes mellitus)
      before and after treatment with a reducing diet 21 diabetics not depending on
      insulin with obesity of the second or third degree were given for 3 months a
      reducing diet containing 5110 kJ/day (86 g protein, 41 g fat, 119 g
      carbohydrates). After treatment the test persons had a loss of weight of 7.60 kg
      on average. Before and after treatment subcutaneous adipose tissue was taken by
      puncture biopsy and investigated by electron microscopy. After treatment extended
      intercellular spaces are evident in which collagenic and elastic fibres appear
      quantitatively enlarged. A certain plication and inequality of the cell
      membranes, a penetration of the fat droplet by cytoplasmatic outgrowths as well
      as a diminution of the lipocytes and the big fat droplet were found. The
      investigations show that even the relatively short treatment of 3 months
      exercises an influence on the structure of the lipocytes. That shows new
      possibilities of therapy and prophylaxis of obesity.

PMID- 4022111
TI  - Reactions of oxidized lipids with protein. Part 13. Autoxidation of hexanal in
      presence of nonlipidic components.
AB  - Hexanal is rapidly autoxidized in mixture with nonlipidic substrates even at 25
      degrees C. The formation of peroxides follows the kinetics of a first order
      reaction with respect to hexanal (k1 about 10(-5) min-1), and is higher in
      mixture with casein or lysine-impregnated cellulose than with cellulose. In
      mixtures containing pure hexanal, peroxides are decomposed more rapidly after
      second-order reaction with respect to peroxides (k2 about 10(-3) mmol X kg-1 X
      min-1) while only slowly by the first-order reaction (k3 about 10(-5) min-1). In
      presence of small amounts of hexanoic acid the rate of second-order peroxide
      decomposition remained unaffected while the rate of the first-order peroxide
      decomposition increased by 4 orders (k3 about 10(-1) min-1). The presence of
      peroxides was percepted in the odour by sensory analysis contrary to nonvolatile
      lipid hydroperoxides.

PMID- 4022112
TI  - Determination of nitrates in milk by ion-chromatography.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of nitrates in cow milk, human milk,
      milk powder or milk-based infant formulae using liquid chromatography on Spheron
      DEAE and a direct photometric detection (205 nm). The influence of removing
      proteins by precipitation with Carrez reagent on the accuracy of determination
      was studied. The proposed method gives identical results with the reference
      method (photometry after reduction of nitrate to nitrite) but is more rapid. Its
      limit of determination is 0.5 mg NO3-/l of milk, its reproducibility is 4%
      (relative standard deviation).

PMID- 4022113
TI  - [The metabolism of fenazox in tomato plants].
AB  - Results from investigations on the metabolism of 14C-Fenazox show that in 6-8
      weeks old tomato-plants (sort "Harzfeuer") the agent undergoes a
      biotransformation. After chromatographic separation the structure of the
      biotransformation products was elucidated by comparison to authentic test
      substances, by derivatization as well as by means of physico-chemical methods.
      With that, the following metabolites were identified: non-transformed Fenazox, o
      hydroxyazobenzene, o-hydroxyaniline, and p-hydroxyaniline. Probably, the agent is
      first transformed enzymatically or non-enzymatically into o-hydroxyazobenzene,
      then follows a reductive cleavage into o-hydroxyaniline and aniline. In its turn,
      the latter is transformed into o-hydroxy- and p-hydroxyaniline. Experiments in
      the field of transformation kinetics indicated that the concentration of the
      applied Fenazox rapidly decreases and that the first transformation product o
      hydroxyazobenzene in the beginning increases and then again decreases in its
      concentration. With increasing application time it comes to an increase of the
      non-extractable residues.

PMID- 4022114
TI  - Some biochemical properties of trypsin inhibitor type antinutrients derived from
      extracts of wheat grain, Beta variety.
AB  - Trypsin inhibitors were isolated and partially purified from wheat grain, Beta
      variety. The procedure for determination of the inhibitory activity was
      simplified. This pertains shortening of the reaction time as well as quantitative
      decrease of components in the incubation mixture. The inhibitory fraction was
      salted out at 30-65% ammonium sulfate saturation. The experimental material has
      not been initially defatted. For isolation of the inhibitors pH 4.4 was
      demonstrated to be optimal. The trypsin inhibitor was characterized by relatively
      low activity against trypsin (1.5% of soya inhibitory activity). Preparations
      showing inhibitory properties when stored at -18 degrees C retained their
      original activity for 40 days, whereas at 4 degrees C only for 10 days,
      respectively. Storage at 18 degrees C for 10 days resulted in 50% loss of the
      original activity. Among various factors stabilizing the inhibitory activity
      being studied, 2-mercaptoethanol at 0.01% final concentration was found to be
      most effective. Study on the effect of temperature on the antitrypsin activity
      revealed that the preparation retained its initial activity up to 80 degrees C.
      It has been demonstrated by wheat proteins fractionation that both albumin and
      globulin fractions were accompanied by the antitrypsin activity. Moreover gluten
      was also shown to exhibit some inhibitory activity. Variations in the inhibitory
      activity were evidenced during germination of wheat grain. After 2 days period of
      germination it tended to decrease, disappearing completely at the fifth day,
      respectively. The inhibitory activity appeared in coleoptile and root at fourth
      day of germination, being higher in coleoptile than in the roots.

PMID- 4022115
TI  - [The enzymatic degradation of DDT. 5. Direct transformation of DDD
      (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) into an aldehyde].
AB  - The chemical-preparative preparation of the aldehyde (DDHO) is possible by using
      of saponification. Its enzymatic formation in the organism of warm-blooded
      animals has not been described up to now. The identification of the aldehyde
      after application of DDD to rats was successful, inspite of the inhibition of the
      HCl-cleaving consecutive reactions, whereby the enzymatic formation of the
      aldehyde was indicated. A possible reaction mechanism is presented.

PMID- 4022116
TI  - Studies on fish protein concentrate and fish meal from river Nile bolti fish
      (Tilapia nilotica).
AB  - Fish protein concentrate (FPC) from river Nile bolti fish (Tilapia nilotica) was
      prepared and compared with commercial FPC and fresh bolti fish flesh. Fish meal
      (FM) from bolti fish offals was prepared and compared with commercial FM and also
      fresh bolti fish flesh. FPC from bolti fish showed a higher crude protein content
      but less fat, ash, calcium and sand than the commercial sample, while FM from
      bolti fish showed a higher content of ash and phosphorus than commercial FM but
      was nearly similar in crude protein, fat, calcium and sodium chloride. FPC from
      bolti fish had a higher content of lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycine and
      glutamic acid and a lower content of the other free amino acids. The bolti fish
      FM had a lower content of total amino acids and the contents of the free amino
      acids cysteine, glycine, aspartic acid, serine, alanine, valine, and methionine
      increased slightly. The yield was 12% for FPC and 19.5% for FM. Coliform bacteria
      were not present in both FPC and FM from bolti fish. Low moisture contents of FPC
      and FM were essential for preventing microbiol growth and to attain a good
      keeping quality. The FPC and FM from bolti fish reached moisture equilibrium and
      stopped increasing in weight within 144 to 192 h.

PMID- 4022117
TI  - [The neurotoxicity and mutagenicity of phenylmercury acetate and nitrate in
      single and combined applications in animal studies].

PMID- 4022118
TI  - Excretion of thiocyanate in urine of growing pigs after rapeseed meal feeding.

PMID- 4022119
TI  - A clam with a difference.

PMID- 4022120
TI  - Components of a cocktail.

PMID- 4022121
TI  - Welcome whiff of biochemistry.

PMID- 4022122
TI  - Vaccination with purified microgamete antigens prevents transmission of rodent
      malaria.
AB  - Malaria vaccination with preparations of microgametes has been shown to inhibit
      transmission of Plasmodium spp. to the mosquito vectors of avian, rodent and
      simian parasites. This transmission-blocking immunity results from the induction
      of microgamete-agglutinating antibodies in the vaccinated host which, when
      ingested in a mosquito blood meal, react with exflagellating microgametes in the
      midgut to prevent fertilization and oocyst development. Here we have passively
      transferred the immunity with gamete-specific monoclonal antibodies raised
      against the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis, and an IgG2a
      isotype monoclonal antibody from a hybridoma cell line, PYG-1, has been used to
      identify the target antigens on the gametes and to affinity-purify sufficient
      quantities of specific gamete antigen to facilitate vaccination studies. This
      transmission-blocking monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated microgamete antigens
      of apparent relative molecular mass (Mr), 67K (67,000), 59K, 57K, 42K and 35K.
      Immunization of mice with these proteins before infection and mosquito feeding
      led to a 85-99.7% reduction in transmission to the mosquito vector; vaccination
      via intravenous or intramuscular routes was equally effective and did not require
      an adjuvant.

PMID- 4022123
TI  - Cooperative dimeric and tetrameric clam haemoglobins are novel assemblages of
      myoglobin folds.
AB  - Cooperative functioning of many protein systems depends on communication between
      different subunits of those systems. Perhaps the best understood cooperative
      protein system is the vertebrate haemoglobin tetramer, in which the subunits
      share a similar tertiary structure (the myoglobin fold) with each other and with
      myoglobins and haemoglobins from at least four different animal phyla and
      leguminous plants. Blood clams have cooperative tetrameric haemoglobin. In view
      of previous reports concerning the role of dimers in the vertebrate tetramer, the
      clam haemoglobins represent a very interesting model system. We report here the
      low-resolution three-dimensional crystal structures of the dimeric and tetrameric
      cooperative haemoglobins from the blood clam Scapharca inaequivalvis. We find
      that clam haemoglobins are made of myoglobin-like subunits but their assembly to
      form dimers and tetramers is quite different from that of vertebrate haemoglobin.
      The arrangement of the subunits provides a simple structural explanation for haem
      haem interaction in the dimer and tetramer.

PMID- 4022124
TI  - Weak and strong crossbridges.

PMID- 4022125
TI  - Mapping of general anaesthetic target sites provides a molecular basis for cutoff
      effects.
AB  - A longstanding and unresolved problem in general anaesthesia is the so-called
      'cutoff' effect; as one ascends a homologous series of anaesthetic agents, the
      potencies progressively increase with anaesthetic size but then, rather suddenly,
      anaesthetic potency disappears. Curiously, this cutoff in potency occurs at very
      different points in different series. Various explanations have been offered,
      usually based on the notion that lipid bilayers are the primary target sites in
      general anaesthesia. However, accumulating evidence now suggests that proteins
      are the primary sites of action. Here we demonstrate cutoff effects for the
      anaesthetic inhibition of a soluble protein (firefly luciferase) which mirror
      those found for general anaesthesia, and we describe how the molecular
      architecture of the binding site accounts for the different cutoffs in the
      different homologous series. We show that this behaviour is a natural consequence
      of anaesthetics binding to an amphiphilic protein pocket of circumscribed
      dimensions. When general anaesthetic target sites in animals and the luciferase
      protein are mapped out using the fine details of the potency data, remarkable
      similarities are revealed. Our results thus suggest that the target sites in
      general anaesthesia are amphiphilic pockets on proteins.

PMID- 4022126
TI  - Subtle structural alterations in the chains of type I procollagen produce
      osteogenesis imperfecta type II.
AB  - Although the perinatal lethal form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI type II)
      occasionally results from large rearrangements within the genes encoding type I
      collagen, most mutations are far more subtle. The complexity of the human
      collagen genes precludes cloning and sequencing each gene from every patient, and
      we have therefore developed an approach to localizing mutations at the protein
      level. We report here that cells cultured from 15 infants with OI type II
      synthesized both normal type I procollagen and a form that was unstable, poorly
      secreted and excessively modified. Abnormal procollagen from different strains
      was overmodified to different extents. The patterns of overmodification we
      observed are best explained by mutations that disrupt the Gly-X-Y sequence of pro
      alpha chains, and thus alter the rate of propagation of triple helix from COOH
      terminus to NH2-terminus. As a consequence, a given mutation allows
      overmodification of all three chains in a molecule NH2-terminal to its position
      in the triple helix.

PMID- 4022127
TI  - Sliding distance of actin filament induced by a myosin crossbridge during one ATP
      hydrolysis cycle.
AB  - Muscle contraction results from a sliding movement of actin filaments induced by
      myosin crossbridges on hydrolysis of ATP, and many non-muscle cells are thought
      to move using a similar mechanism. The molecular mechanism of muscle contraction,
      however, is not completely understood. One of the major problems is the
      mechanochemical coupling at high velocity under near-zero load. Here, we report
      measurements of the sliding distance of an actin filament induced by a myosin
      crossbridge during one ATP hydrolysis cycle in an unloaded condition. We used
      single sarcomeres from which the Z-lines, structures which anchor the thin
      filaments in the sarcomere, had been completely removed by calcium-activated
      neutral protease (CANP) and trypsin, and measured both the sliding velocity of
      single actin filaments along myosin filaments and the ATPase activity during
      sliding. Our results show that the average sliding distance of the actin filament
      is less than or equal to 600 A during one ATP cycle, much longer than the length
      of power stroke of myosin crossbridges deduced from mechanical studies of muscle,
      which is of the order of 80 A (for example, ref. 15).

PMID- 4022128
TI  - Research responsibility.

PMID- 4022129
TI  - Ageing society.

PMID- 4022130
TI  - Ragweed in China.

PMID- 4022131
TI  - The many merits of monoclonals.

PMID- 4022132
TI  - Cognitive neuropsychology: a fruit by any other name.

PMID- 4022133
TI  - Children judge by the length.

PMID- 4022134
TI  - Category-specific naming deficit following cerebral infarction.
AB  - Studies aimed at characterizing the operation of cognitive functions in normal
      individuals have examined data from patients with focal cerebral insult. These
      studies assume that brain damage impairs functions of the cognitive processes
      along lines that honour the 'normal' pre-morbid organization of the cognitive
      system. For example, detailed study of individual brain-damaged patients has
      revealed apparently selective disruption of cognitive functions such as
      auditory/verbal working memory, phonological processing ability, grapheme-to
      phoneme translation procedures and semantic processing. Warrington et al. have
      studied patients with even more fine-grained selective disturbances of the
      semantic system. The most selective deficits have been reported for four patients
      who were significantly better at identifying inanimate objects than they were at
      identifying living things and foods. These patterns of selective deficit after
      localized brain damage provide important information about the normal
      organization of the lexicon, and ultimately about how components of the lexical
      system are related to particular neural substrates. Here, we report a case study
      of a patient demonstrating a very selective disturbance of the ability to name
      items from two related semantic categories. Despite normal performance on a large
      battery of lexical/semantic tasks, the patient shows a consistent and striking
      disability in naming members of the semantic categories of 'fruits' and
      'vegetables'. The selectivity of this deficit supports a category-specific
      organization of the mental lexicon, and suggests independence of the processing
      routes involving naming and name recognition.

PMID- 4022135
TI  - 3H-(-)DO 710 discriminates guanine nucleotide sensitive and insensitive dopamine
      binding sites.
AB  - (-)DO 710, a substituted benzamide derivative which discriminates dopamine D-2
      and D-4 binding sites (Sokoloff et al. 1984), and antagonises in a differential
      manner several apomorphine-induced behavioral responses (Schwartz et al. 1984)
      was tritiated and used namely to differentially label the D-4 site. In striatum
      the 3H-(-)DO 710 saturation curve was best explained by the presence of two
      classes of sites with a 7-fold difference in affinity (Kd values of 3.0 nM and
      0.42 nM) and Bmax values of 316 and 106 fmol X mg protein-1, respectively which
      correspond to the D-2 and D-4 sites (Sokoloff et al. 1984). In spite of its
      limited selectivity, 3H-(-)DO 710 in low concentration (0.2 nM) could be used to
      preferentially label striatal D-4 site as shown by the inhibition potencies of
      discriminant benzamide derivatives (DBD), significantly higher than at pituitary
      D-2 site (receptor) whereas classical neuroleptics including metoclopramide were
      equally potent at both sites. The affinity of a variety of agonists for striatal
      sites labeled with 0.2 nM 3H-(-)DO 710 generally differed from their affinity for
      the two states of the pituitary D-2 receptor (with high and low affinity for
      agonists, respectively); compounds like lisuride, N-propylnorapomorphine or
      pergolide had very high affinity for the striatal 3H-(-)DO 710 site. In pituitary
      from oestradiol-treated rats, where only D-2 site occurs, only the low-affinity
      site for 3H-(-)DO 710 (Kd = 2.8 nM) was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022136
TI  - Very rapid turnover of dopamine in noradrenaline cell body regions.
AB  - The contents of dopamine, noradrenaline and their deaminated metabolites, 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DOPEG)
      were determined in rats in two noradrenaline cell body regions, i.e., the
      superior cervical ganglion and the locus coeruleus, and in one dopamine cell body
      region, the substantia nigra. In the two noradrenaline cell body regions, the
      tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha-methyltyrosine rapidly lowered the contents
      of noradrenaline and DOPEG and it lowered the contents of dopamine and DOPAC even
      more rapidly. The dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor FLA-63 swiftly elevated the
      content of dopamine and it lowered the content of noradrenaline in the two
      noradrenaline regions, but it was ineffective in the substantia nigra. The
      monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline rapidly reduced the deaminated catechols
      and increased somewhat the contents of the two amines in the superior cervical
      ganglion and in the locus coeruleus. The alpha-methyltyrosine-induced
      disappearance of dopamine in the two noradrenaline cell body regions was markedly
      inhibited by FLA-63 and pargyline in combination, but not by only one of the two
      drugs. The results indicate that most of the dopamine in the superior cervical
      ganglion and in the locus coeruleus occurs in the cell body region of
      noradrenaline neurons, whereas only a minor part of the dopamine in the superior
      cervical ganglion is present in SIF cells. Axonal transport did not contribute to
      the disappearance of dopamine in the superior cervical ganglion. A high dose of
      reserpine reduced the contents of dopamine and noradrenaline in the superior
      cervical ganglion and in the locus coeruleus, indicating that most of the amines
      is present in storage granules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022137
TI  - The handling of five catecholamines by the extraneuronal O-methylating system of
      the rat heart.
AB  - In a comparative study, the handling of five catecholamines by the extraneuronal
      O-methylating system of the rat heart was determined; all rats were pretreated
      with reserpine, monoamine oxidase and neuronal uptake were inhibited in all
      experiments. Hearts were perfused for 7 min with a tracer concentration of 3H-(+/
      )-isoprenaline, either in the absence or in the presence of unlabelled
      catecholamines (which reduced the O-methylation of the tracer amine). IC50's were
      determined for unlabelled catecholamines and then converted to "half-saturating
      outside concentrations", i.e., to those concentrations in the perfusion fluid
      that half-saturate the intracellular catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT). The
      values for the (-)-isomers of dobutamine, isoprenaline, adrenaline and
      noradrenaline and that for dopamine were low and rather similar (between 0.67 and
      2.7 mumol/l). Stereoselectivity for isoprenaline probably reflected the
      preference of uptake2 for the (-)-isomer. The effects of (-)- and (+)-dobutamine
      indicated that both isomers are a) transported by uptake2 and b) good substrates
      of COMT. The Vmax for O-methylation [determined for 3H-(+/-)-isoprenaline, 3H-(+/
      )-adrenaline, 3H-(+/-)-noradrenaline and 3H-dopamine] was rather similar for all
      four catecholamines. It is concluded that the extraneuronal O-methylating system
      of the rat heart handles the five catecholamines in a similar manner, although
      the Km for uptake2 had been found to increase substantially in the order:
      dobutamine less than isoprenaline less than adrenaline less than noradrenaline
      less than dopamine (Grohmann and Trendelenburg 1984b).

PMID- 4022139
TI  - [Sperm donorship and anonymity].

PMID- 4022138
TI  - On the reversibility of reversible MAO inhibitors.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess a) the validity of an ex vivo approach for
      the estimation of the in vivo MAO A inhibitory properties of the new short-acting
      MAO A inhibitors, amiflamine, brofaremine, cimoxatone and moclobemide, by
      studying the effect of dilution of brain and liver homogenates from pretreated
      rats on the degree of enzyme inhibition; b) the displaceability of the inhibitors
      from the enzyme by substrate in brain and liver homogenates from pretreated rats;
      c) idem, in the in vivo situation in the brain, by increasing the availability of
      the substrate by releasing it from its endogenous stores by tetrabenazine. The
      following results were obtained: The ex vivo approach was found to be valid for
      moclobemide in brain and liver and for cimoxatone in brain tissue; a slight
      underestimation of the MAO A inhibitory effect of the latter in the liver is
      likely. Definite underestimation occurred with amiflamine in both tissues.
      Kinetic investigations using homogenates from pretreated rats showed amiflamine
      to be a competitive inhibitor; cimoxatone was competitive in the liver but showed
      a more complex pattern in the brain. Moclobemide was noncompetitive in both
      tissues, as has been shown previously for brofaremine. Moclobemide prevented the
      deamination of dopamine and serotonin released from their striatal stores by
      tetrabenazine nearly as efficiently as clorgyline at an otherwise equieffective
      dose; cimoxatone was somewhat less effective relative to the reference compound,
      as was brofaremine, which was however given at a more effective dose. Amiflamine
      was much less effective than clorgyline at protecting dopamine, but equieffective
      with respect to serotonin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022140
TI  - [The causes of venous thrombosis and lung embolism].

PMID- 4022141
TI  - [Significance of the differential leukocyte count for the demonstration and the
      exclusion of the presence of atypical cells].

PMID- 4022142
TI  - [The seton method for the treatment of perianal fistula located outside of the
      sphincter].

PMID- 4022143
TI  - [Treatment of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma].

PMID- 4022144
TI  - [Stress incontinence in women; results of the Stamey-Pereyra surgical treatment
      method].

PMID- 4022146
TI  - [Report from the Public Health Council on vaccination against hepatitis B].

PMID- 4022145
TI  - [Transient hypothyroidism due to skin contamination with iodine in a newborn
      infant with an omphalocele].

PMID- 4022147
TI  - [Transplantation of organs; various juridical observations].

PMID- 4022148
TI  - [The undoing of a urinary diversion formerly considered definitive].

PMID- 4022149
TI  - [Reduced protein diet and the progression of kidney insufficiency].

PMID- 4022150
TI  - [Smoking and disease].

PMID- 4022151
TI  - [Treatment under coercion].

PMID- 4022152
TI  - [Demand and supply in the laboratory diagnosis of thyroid gland function].

PMID- 4022153
TI  - [A patient with eumycetoma in the Netherlands].

PMID- 4022154
TI  - [Policy, ethics and values in health care].

PMID- 4022155
TI  - [Importance of recombinant DNA studies for the identification of carriers of
      Duchenne's muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 4022156
TI  - [Treatment of progressive idiopathic scoliosis using braces; a follow-up study].

PMID- 4022157
TI  - [Chronic bromide poisoning].

PMID- 4022158
TI  - [Acoustic neuroma: from neurological to otological diagnosis].

PMID- 4022159
TI  - [Recommendation of the Public Health Council concerning contact lens specialists
      and the law on occupations within the personal health care field].

PMID- 4022160
TI  - [Mortality rate of operations for gallstone disease].

PMID- 4022161
TI  - [Converging trends in schizophrenia research].

PMID- 4022162
TI  - [The clinical fatality of operations for gallstone disease].

PMID- 4022163
TI  - [Pericardiocentesis: a safe drainage method for subacute heart tamponade].

PMID- 4022164
TI  - [Cholesteatoma in the medial part of the petrous bone and the modified transotic
      approach].

PMID- 4022165
TI  - [Abdominal pain and nocturnal sweating, a special combination].

PMID- 4022166
TI  - [Damage from light and sunglasses].

PMID- 4022167
TI  - [Medical aspects of diving accidents].

PMID- 4022168
TI  - [How often need a booster dose be given after desensitization with bee and wasp
      venom?].

PMID- 4022169
TI  - [Medical emergency service by the ANWB (General Dutch Automobile Club) Emergency
      Center].

PMID- 4022170
TI  - [Risks and considerations in air travel for patients with lung or heart
      disorders].

PMID- 4022171
TI  - [Non-typhoid Salmonella bacteremia; a retrospective study in 33 adults ].

PMID- 4022172
TI  - [Intracutaneous hepatitis B vaccination].

PMID- 4022173
TI  - [Boutonneuse fever contracted at a camp site in southern France].

PMID- 4022174
TI  - [Can one predict whether a future insect bite will provoke a generalized
      reaction?].

PMID- 4022175
TI  - [The policy in syphilis].

PMID- 4022176
TI  - [Hepatitis B vaccination; administration in the arm or buttock?].

PMID- 4022178
TI  - [Characteristics of monosynaptic connections between neurons of the callosal
      system and specific thalamic nuclei].
AB  - In the sensorimotor cortex of awake rabbits monosynaptic afferent and efferent
      connections of callosal neurons (CN) with ipsilateral specific thalamic nuclei
      (ventral posterolateral, ventral posteromedial, ventral lateral and anteroventral
      nuclei) were analyzed by electrophysiological method and compared with those of
      target-units of callosal fibres (TU). It was demonstrated that CN and TU differed
      in their monosynaptic inputs from the thalamus and in their axons projecting to
      these structures and/or being a part of the pyramidal tract. These differences
      were the following: a greater portion of TU had the descending projections (54%)
      as compared with CN (14%); 22% of TU responded by monosynaptic action potentials
      to the stimulation of specific thalamic nuclei, while CN never manifested such
      responses. TU could project to the thalamus through the main axon stem as well as
      through the collaterals of the pyramidal tract axons. It is supposed that the
      discovered differences evidence for the much greater convergence of the thalamic
      relay neuron effect on TU, thus revealing the mechanism underlying the
      differences both in receptive field properties and in the background and evoked
      activity of CN and neurons synaptically excited in response to the transcallosal
      stimulation.

PMID- 4022177
TI  - [Organization of the substructure of the receptive fields of neurons of the
      lateral suprasylvian area of the cat cortex].
AB  - The substructure of receptive fields of the lateral suprasylvian area neurons was
      investigated in cats. It was shown that the majority of receptive fields
      investigated were organized of subelements with different qualitative
      characteristics according to their responses to moving visual stimuli. With the
      unmasking method of stimulation, small amplitudes of the motion evoked, as a
      rule, directional responses, whereas with the masking method the same amplitude
      of the motion produced nondirectional responses. Some receptive fields of the
      investigated neurons responded vigorously to the motion of borders of the visual
      stimuli. The heterogeneity in organization of the substructure of the receptive
      fields was explained by the convergence of different inputs to the investigated
      neurons.

PMID- 4022179
TI  - [Effect of vasopressin and oxytocin on the spontaneous activity of dorsal horn
      cells of the isolated spinal cord of the rat pup].
AB  - The effect of vasopressin and oxytocin on background frequency of single cells
      from the dorsal horn was studied in the isolated spinal cord of 2-3 weeks old
      rats. It was shown that neurons were predominantly depressed following
      application both of vasopressin or oxytocin. Vasopressin evoked depression of
      background activity in 74% cells (29 of 39 responding to vasopressin) and
      activation in 26% cells (10 from 39). Oxytocin evoked depression in 67% (14 from
      21 responding to oxytocin) and activation in 33% cells (7 from 21). All effects
      were reversible and dose-dependent. Neurons studied either gave the same response
      both to vasopressin and to oxytoxin or responded only to one of the two peptides.

PMID- 4022180
TI  - [Activity of propriospinal neurons of segments C3 and C4 during "fictive
      locomotion" in the cat].
AB  - The activity of C3-C4 propriospinal neurons was recorded during "fictitious
      locomotion" of forelimbs in immobilized decerebrated cats with the spinal cord
      transected at the lower thoracal level. The neurons were identified by the
      antidromic responses to stimulation of the lateral funiculus in the C6 segment.
      Most of the neurons (70%) were antidromically activated also from the lateral
      reticular nucleus. The discharge frequency of most neurons was rhythmically
      modulated in correlation with the motoneuron activity during "fictitious
      locomotion", i.e. in the absence of any rhythmical signals from the limb
      receptors. The cooling of the rostral area of the cervical enlargement abolished
      both the generation of the locomotor rhythm and the rhythmical activity of the
      propriospinal neurons. Therefore intraspinal mechanisms controlling the forelimb
      activity are the main source for rhythmical modulation of the C3-C4 propriospinal
      neurons.

PMID- 4022181
TI  - [Effect of electric stimulation of the septum of the rabbit brain on subiculum
      cells with different types of spontaneous activity].
AB  - Neuronal activity was recorded extracellularly in subiculum of unanaesthetized
      rabbits during stimulation of the medial septal nucleus and hippocampal field
      CA1. According to the pattern of the background activity subicular cells were
      divided into three groups: cells with theta-modulation, cells with delta
      modulation and complex spikes, cells with irregular single-spike activity. The
      theta-cells were specifically related to the septal input: their reactivity to
      septal stimulation was higher and the latencies of their responses significantly
      shorter than those of the other groups of cells. Stability of the theta
      modulation was increased during and after septal stimulation. Reactivity to CA1
      stimulation, as well as latencies of responses were identical for all groups of
      subicular cells. Rhythmic theta-modulation was damped after CA1 stimulation. The
      data indicate specific properties of the septal input to the subicular cells with
      theta-modulation.

PMID- 4022182
TI  - [Dynamics of efferent regulation of muscle contraction. Determination of
      transition processes: external load--muscle length].
AB  - Transition processes of the length changes were studied in the ankle extensors of
      anesthetized cats in case of abrupt transition from isometric to isotonic
      condition of muscle contraction which was evoked by distributed stimulation of
      efferents supplied these muscles. Dynamic properties of muscles were analyzed in
      the framework of the two-components (inertialess and aperiodic) approximation of
      the transition processes. These properties were nonlinear because of the complex
      dependence of time constants and weight of an aperiodic component on the
      amplitudes of input signals. Both of these parameters were significantly lower in
      the shortening processes comparing with the lengthening ones. When amplitudes of
      length changes were small, the average limit values of the time constants were
      1.38s for slow soleus muscle shortening and 0.39s for its lengthening. The same
      parameters for fast muscles (gastrocnemius and plantaris) were 0.55 and 0.25s,
      respectively. The observed dynamical properties of muscle contraction are
      discussed for their functional significance.

PMID- 4022183
TI  - [Topical organization of somatic projections to the cerebral cortex of the seal
      Callorhinus ursius].
AB  - Somatotopic projections in the cerebral cortex of the fur seal (Callorhinus
      ursinus) were determined by microelectrode recordings of the multiple unit
      activity. Somatosensory cortical area is restricted rostrally by postcruciate and
      coronal sulci, caudally by anterior suprasylvain sulcus and dorsomedially by
      ansate sulcus. The somatotopic map in this area is oriented in such a way that
      the head projection is positioned ventrolaterally and that of the hindlimb
      dorsomedially. The projection area of the forelimb is immersed in the coronal
      sulcus. Marked disproportions are observed in the projections of different parts
      of the soma; the head projection has a relatively large magnification factor and
      within it the vibrissae are presented with the largest magnification.

PMID- 4022184
TI  - [Tonic sympathetic activity in the sciatic nerve of the rabbit].
AB  - Spontaneous sympathetic activity of tibial and peroneal nerves was investigated
      in anaesthetized rabbits using the multichannel coherent recording technique. The
      tonic activity of these fibres is shown to be mainly irregular. Sometimes it
      correlates with the cardiac rhythm. No modulation with 10 c/s frequency described
      by other researchers and no respiratory modulation are observed. At constant
      arterial pressure the amplitude of irregular changes in the nerve activity
      exceeded several times the average level of the activity.

PMID- 4022185
TI  - [Depolarization of primary afferents evoked by cyclically modulated natural
      activity of proprioceptors of the hindlimb of the cat].
AB  - The primary afferent depolarization (PAD) evoked during passive sinusoidal
      movements of a hindlimb in the ankle joint was investigated in decerebrated cats.
      The frequency of movements varied within 0.14-5.0 Hz, the amplitude of the joint
      angle with respect to the axis of the tibia changed from 90 degrees to 130
      degrees. The dorsal root potential (DRP) negativity increased both during flexion
      and during extension of the joint. The amplitude of the evoked DRPs was about 50
      100 mV. A strong negative correlation was observed between the latency and rise
      time of the DRP and the frequency of the joint angle changes. During flexion the
      latency changed from 650 ms at 0.14-0.16 Hz frequency to 100-110 ms at 2.0 Hz and
      higher frequencies; during extension at the same frequencies the latency changed
      from 300 ms to 80-85 ms. The latency and rise time became minimal at 2.0 Hz
      frequency and practically did not change during the further increase of the
      oscillation frequency. The cord dorsum potential (CDP) evoked by the cutaneous
      nerve stimulation was recorded in parallel with the DRP. Periodical changes of
      the N-component of the CDP were in the opposite phase to changes of the DRP.
      Mechanisms of the observed changes of the PAD and functional significance of
      these changes during rhythmical motor acts are discussed.

PMID- 4022186
TI  - [Reticular structures of the cat brain participating in startle reflexes in
      response to somatic stimuli of different modalities].
AB  - Characteristics and reticular mechanisms of two types of late reflex responses
      (equivalents of the startle reflex) evoked by weak (tactile stimuli) and strong
      (high-threshold peripheral nerve stimulation) stimulations were studied in
      chloralose-anesthetized cats; these responses were designated as "tactile" (T)
      and "spino-bulbo-spinal" (SBS) reflexes, respectively. Some differences in the
      peripheral and central (brainstem) organization of these reflexes were found. In
      particular, the existence of the rostro-caudal differentiation of reticular
      structures involved in these types of reflexes was revealed using differential
      lesions of the brainstem reticular formation as well as its pharmacologic
      blockades (by means of microinjections of sodium chloride or procaine); the T
      reflex was found to relay mainly through the pontine RF level, while the SBS
      reflex--predominantly through the bulbar RF. Possible functional significance of
      the revealed differentiation in organization of some motor and sensory functions
      of the brainstem are discussed.

PMID- 4022188
TI  - [Proportion of short propriospinal fibers in the lumbar division of the spinal
      cord of the cat].
AB  - Stimulating and recording electrodes were located at various distances from each
      other either in the lateral or in the ventral funiculus of the lumbar spinal cord
      of decerebrated curarized cats. The recorded response considerably decreased at
      the distance of 10-15 mm, suggesting that most propriospinal fibres have a length
      not exceeding the length of one or two spinal segments.

PMID- 4022187
TI  - [Responses of auditory neurons of the medulla oblongata of the frog to
      presentation of tones with sinusoidal amplitude modulation].
AB  - The responses of single units in the medullary auditory regions of the frog Rana
      ridibunda to sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones of characteristic frequencies
      were studied. The reproduction of the sound modulation in the discharge frequency
      of the units was determined from cycle histograms of the discharges locked to the
      modulation period. In dorsal nucleus units the amplitude modulation was preserved
      in the discharge modulation over a wide modulation frequency and sound intensity
      ranges. In many superior olivary neurons an enhancement of small amplitude
      changes within the range of modulation frequencies 70-150 Hz was observed. The
      reaction phase was linear-dependent on the modulation frequency. The best
      enhancement of amplitude changes took place for small modulation indices.

PMID- 4022189
TI  - [Activity of neurons of the motosensory cortex during natural locomotion in the
      cat].
AB  - The activity of 42 neurons in the motosensory cortex was recorded during natural
      linear locomotion in two awake cats. Periodic alternations of the activity in 9
      of 12 PT cells and in 13 of 30 non-PT cells were observed with respect to the
      locomotor cycle (modulation). The depth of the modulation of PT cells and non-PT
      cells was the same. The maximal-minimal activity ratio in the cycle was 16 for
      very modulational PT cells and was 4 for less modulational PT cells.

PMID- 4022190
TI  - Epidemiologic aspects of malignant skin melanoma in Slovakia.
AB  - The trends of age-adjusted incidence rates of malignant skin melanoma in Slovakia
      from 1968 to 1977 showed important increase with an annual increment of 5.8% in
      males and 3.2% in females. The mortality rates during this period remained lower
      and their increase was less expressed. The study of geographic patterns of
      incidence revealed great variation with highest rates in urban districts. A
      marked predominance of the primary lesions on trunk in males and on lower limbs
      in females was observed. The differences in anatomic distribution are
      demonstrated also in age-specific incidence rates of malignant skin melanoma by
      main subsites. Intermittent overexposures to the sunlight in connection with
      rising standard of life and leisure seem to be the most suitable explanation for
      the rise and subsite distribution and dynamics, as well as the geographic
      patterns and international position of incidence rates of malignant skin melanoma
      in this country.

PMID- 4022191
TI  - Potential anticancer agents--nitroxyl derivatives of Rubomycin.
AB  - Two new of the spin-labeled analogues of Rubomycin were studied. It was shown
      that spin-labeled derivatives were less toxic than the parent compound and had a
      broad-spectrum antitumor activity. Spin-labeled derivative was clearly less
      cardiotoxic in the rat model than Rubomycin (Daunorubomycin).

PMID- 4022192
TI  - Enhanced utilization of 14-methylhexadecanoic acid for the synthesis of lipids
      during the growth of Walker 256 carcinoma in rats.
AB  - Labeled 14-methylhexadecanoic acid was administered to normal rats, animals
      bearing the Walker 256 tumor at various stages of its growth and to tumor
      resistant rats and its distribution in lipids (free fatty acids, triglycerides,
      phospholipids and cholesteryl esters) was studied during 15 min to 3 hours
      following its injection in the liver, blood and tumor tissue. The period of the
      most active tumor growth was associated with a significantly better utilization
      of this fatty acid for the synthesis of lipids. The quantities of radioactive
      triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesteryl ester in the liver were highly
      increased during this time. In tumor-resistant animals the levels of radioactive
      lipids were similar to those in control normal animals but the turn-over of 14
      methylhexadecanoic acid was considerably slower than in controls. The turn-over
      of the cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate in the liver was significantly changed
      at the late stages of the tumor growth. The level of this cholesteryl ester in
      the blood decreased progressively during the tumor growth whereas that of
      triglycerides increased. No significant changes were associated with the free
      fatty acid and phospholipids in the blood. The total radioactivity present in the
      tumor increased from 0.05% up to nearly 1% of the administered 14
      methylhexadecanoic acid during the growth of the Walker 256 tumor. The level of
      radioactive cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate in the tumor tissue increased
      progressively during 3 hours following the injection of 14-methylhexadecanoic
      acid. Thus the tumor growth is apparently accompanied by significant changes in
      the metabolism of 14-methylhexadecanoic acid and results in an enhanced synthesis
      of lipids in the liver tissue. The newly synthesized lipids, in particular
      cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate, are transported in the blood stream into the
      tumor where they accumulate.

PMID- 4022193
TI  - Flow cytometry of radiation-induced tumors in rats.
AB  - Hundred sixty female Wistar rats were total-body irradiated with 4 Gy gamma rays.
      Mammary gland tumors started to occur 8 months after irradiation, beside that
      also tumors of different sites appeared. By flow cytometry (FCM) 30 tumors were
      examined: mammary gland--22, skin--4, adrenal gland--2, liver--1, thymus--1.
      Eight tumors were characterized as malignant and 22 as benign. All benign and 6
      malignant tumors were composed of diploid cells only. In 2 carcinomas together
      with diploid cells aneuploid cell lines were also found. DNA index (DI) of
      aneuploid cells in both carcinomas (1 mammary gland and 1 adrenal gland)
      indicated values of 1.66 and 1.68, respectively. Most cells of the benign and the
      malignant tumors occupied G1/0 (79-94%) phase of the cycle. The fraction of S
      (4.1-14.3%) and G2M (0.5-7.7%) cells was relatively small that suggests a low
      proliferative activity of radiation-induced tumors.

PMID- 4022194
TI  - Effects of sodium nitrite and potassium sorbate on in vitro cultured mammalian
      cells.
AB  - The food additives sodium nitrite and potassium sorbate had cytostatic and
      cytotoxic effects on in vitro cultured V79 hamster cells and EUE human
      fibroblasts if administered in an acid environment (pH 4.95). The strong
      cytotoxic effect of sodium nitrite and that of the combined action of sodium
      nitrite and potassium sorbate was observed along the inhibition of macromolecular
      synthesis. In this respect, potassium sorbate was less effective. The decreased
      plating efficiency of the cells and the inhibition of de novo DNA synthesis
      induced by these substances aroused the question whether they also have genotoxic
      effects on V79 cells. Statistical analyses showed that sodium nitrite induced
      more 6-TG-resistant (6-TGr) mutants as compared to the untreated control.
      However, this elevation did not correspond to the level of inhibition of DNA
      synthesis determined during the followed period of time after the removal of the
      substance. Potassium sorbate and a combination thereof with sodium nitrite, in
      our experiments, had no mutagenic effects.

PMID- 4022195
TI  - Giant cell formation in cultured L5178Y lymphoblasts induced by hydroxyurea
      treatment.
AB  - The conditions leading to hydroxyurea-induced abnormal cell enlargement (giant
      cell formation) were studied in L5178Y lymphoblasts in the culture. Exposure for
      only 1 hour to a concentration of 1 mM hydroxyurea (HU) was sufficient to produce
      an abnormal enlargement of about 25 percent of the cells. The maximal proportion
      of giant cells reached the value of about 50 percent after treatment with 1 mM HU
      for 5 hours and was not changed by a further prolongation of exposure time and/or
      by increasing the concentration of HU to 10 mM. Comparison of cell populations
      with various proportions of giant cells as regards their ability to reproduce,
      DNA synthesis and persistence in the culture suggested that at least some part of
      giant cells lost the ability to divide, their DNA synthesis was markedly
      suppressed or retarded and more than 50 percent of them disappeared earlier than
      48 hours after the termination of HU exposure. It is concluded that at least at
      certain HU concentrations and in suitable stage of target cells the response of
      cells to short HU treatment can resemble that produced by X-rays or other DNA
      damaging agents.

PMID- 4022196
TI  - Cytogenic analysis of transplantable mouse B16 melanomas.
AB  - The cytogenetic analysis of transplantable in vivo melanotic and amelanotic lines
      of mouse B16 melanoma was performed. The second line arose by spontaneous
      alteration of the first one and these lines are the same in the rate of malignant
      growth during passages in vivo. The melanotic line shows stable near-diploid
      karyotype with modal chromosome number 41. The amelanotic line is mostly
      hypotetraploid karyotype with modal chromosome number 76. The balance of the
      diploids in the melanotic line is disturbed by the fact that chromosome 15 is
      partially trisomic, chromosome 6 trisomic, and chromosome 13 and X monosomic.
      Four marker chromosomes were common to both lines: M1-rob(12;12), M2-rob(5;15),
      M3-minute, M4-inv(1), M5-del-(14q-), but in the amelanotic line in most cases
      their number was doubled. Additionally, in the amelanotic line other specific
      aberrations rob(6;6) and rob(16;16) were observed. Both lines had comparable SCE
      frequencies. Constitutive heterochromatin in amelanotic line revealed the
      nonrandom deletion of the heterochromatic segments in chromosome 11 and,
      occasionally in chromosome 19.

PMID- 4022197
TI  - Intracellular ionic changes during hyperthermia of tumor cells in the presence of
      lanthanum.
AB  - The experimental data suggest that permeability changes at the plasma membrane
      level are the most likely cause of the enhancement of tumor cell killing by
      hyperthermia in the presence of 1 mM La3+. The interaction of La3+ with the Na+,
      K+ ATPase and Ca2+-pump ATPase may be the probable cause of dramatic electrolyte
      changes which enhance the hyperthermia effects on tumor cells.

PMID- 4022198
TI  - Antitumor activity of sarcolysin containing crosslinked copolymers in mice.
AB  - Some years ago it was found that the binding of sarcolysin to the copolymer of
      vinylpyrrolidone and maleic anhydride results in changes of some its
      pharmacological properties including toxicity, antitumor activity and immune
      suppression. In an attempt to keep some of this qualities of the polymeric
      derivatives of sarcolysin and to develop a depot-effect, sarcolysin was bonded to
      space linked insoluble copolymers. Studies carried out on the antitumor action in
      6 transplantable tumors (L1210, P388, EAT, NK/Ly, LLC and Sarcoma 180) are
      discussed.

PMID- 4022199
TI  - [Developmental trends in neuroimmunology. 2: Specific pathogenesis, special
      developmental areas, concepts of therapy].

PMID- 4022200
TI  - [Tandem stenoses of the cerebrovascular circulation].

PMID- 4022201
TI  - [Detection of intracardiac thromboses with 111-In platelet scintigraphy].
AB  - A scintigraphy with Indium-111 labelled platelets was performed in 11 patients
      with suspected brain embolism. In six patients, an intracardial thrombus was
      found: four in the region of the left ventricle and two in the left atrial. The
      echocardiography revealed no pathological findings in 2 of the 6 patients with
      positive scans. Angiography in both patients indicated occlusions of the carotis
      interna siphon, which frequently accompany embolisms. Subsequent angiographies
      four weeks later showed that the occlusions had reopened. The thrombus
      investigation, performed with the aid of Indium-111 platelet scintigraphy,
      appears to be a valuable extension of the present diagnostic potential in the
      determination of questionable cardial embolisms.

PMID- 4022202
TI  - [Fibrin degradation products and prothrombin activity in cerebral hemorrhage].

PMID- 4022203
TI  - [Significance of cardiovascular risk factors for the prognosis of spontaneous
      intracerebral hematomas].

PMID- 4022204
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome in dialysis patients].

PMID- 4022205
TI  - Plasma exchange in the treatment of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis.
AB  - 9 patients with primary glomerulopathies and slowly progressive renal failure
      were treated by regular plasma exchanges without immunosuppressive drug therapy.
      All 3 patients with the subendothelial type of mesangiocapillary
      glomerulonephritis (MCGN-I) had no progression of their renal failure while
      undergoing plasma exchanges. The creatinine rose when treatment was stopped and
      fell again in 2 patients who restarted plasma exchange. 2 patients with
      hypocomplementaemia and dense deposit disease (MCGN-II) and all 3 patients with
      idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) did not benefit. 1 patient with normo
      complementaemic MCGN-II had some improvement in renal function which lasted 18
      months. Proteinuria fell or was unchanged during the 1st month of plasma exchange
      in the 4 who improved and increased in the 5 who did not. The response to plasma
      exchanges could not be attributed to removal of circulatory complexes or changes
      in reticulo-endothelial function. Regular 2.8-litre plasma exchanges using 4.3%
      immunoalbumin proved to be safe for periods up to 44 months. Regular plasma
      exchange appears to prevent progression to renal failure in patients with MCGN-I.

PMID- 4022206
TI  - Lowered protein content of tissue fluid in patients with the nephrotic syndrome:
      observations during disease and recovery.
AB  - To find out why most patients with the nephrotic syndrome maintain a normal blood
      volume despite a reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP), we measured the
      transcapillary (plasma-tissue fluid) COP difference in 12 patients with the
      nephrotic syndrome, as well as in 6 patients during complete (n = 3) and partial
      (n = 3) recovery. Subcutaneous nylon wicks were used to collect tissue fluid. The
      albumin content was also measured. The albumin content and COP were lowered in
      both plasma and tissue fluid in the nephrotic phase, and rose gradually during
      recovery. During these changes the transcapillary COP difference only rose
      slightly: from 6.2 +/- 1.7 mm Hg when the plasma COP was below 10 mm Hg (n = 11)
      to 8.7 +/- 1.5 mm Hg when the plasma COP exceeded 20 mm Hg (n = 12). These
      observations indicate that in hypoproteinemia preservation of the intravascular
      volume is strongly dependent on maintenance of the difference in oncotic pressure
      across the capillary wall.

PMID- 4022207
TI  - Isolation of an immunosuppressive fraction in ultrafiltrate from uremic sera.
AB  - An improved purification method for isolating an immunosuppressive fraction from
      uremic ultrafiltrates was described. Lyophilized ultrafiltrates were fractionated
      on Sephadex G-15 and the active fraction was further purified using high
      performance liquid chromatography. The inhibitory effect of eluates on in vitro
      lymphocyte proliferation was assessed at the different steps of purification.
      Results obtained after enzyme treatment suggested that the substance(s)
      responsible for the immunosuppressive activity is (are) of peptidic nature. This
      peptide appears to be different from the other peptides previously reported,
      which have a much lesser activity in the lymphocyte proliferation assay.

PMID- 4022208
TI  - Determination of carbamylated plasma protein and its clinical application to
      renal failure.
AB  - We determined carbamylated plasma protein (CPP) according to the method of
      Hunninghake in patients with renal failure and normal subjects. CPP values were
      significantly higher in patients with renal failure than in normal subjects. In
      patients with renal failure, a significant correlation was found between CPP
      levels and blood urea nitrogen. Thus, CPP appears to be a new indicator of the
      status of renal failure, irrespective of hemodialysis.

PMID- 4022209
TI  - Sleep apnea in hemodialysis patients: the lack of testosterone effect on its
      pathogenesis.
AB  - After the discovery of sleep apnea in 2 patients receiving chronic maintenance
      hemodialysis, we decided to survey all 29 male patients undergoing outpatient
      dialysis for symptoms suggestive of sleep apnea. 12 of 29 (41%) had positive
      clinical histories. 8 of these patients consented to undergo all-night
      polysomnography. 6 were found to have sleep apnea which was primarily obstructive
      in type. Recent information has implicated testosterone administration in the
      development of obstructive sleep apnea. Therefore, polysomnography was performed
      in 5 of the patients both on and off weekly testosterone injections which they
      were receiving to stimulate erythropoiesis. There was no change in sleep
      complaints or a decrease in the number of apneas and hypopneas off therapy. Sleep
      apnea should be considered in symptomatic male dialysis patients. Its causation
      is presently unknown but it does not appear to be solely related to the
      administration of testosterone.

PMID- 4022210
TI  - Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU syndrome).
AB  - Acute renal failure due to tubulo-interstitial nephritis developed in a 15-year
      old girl. The disease was accompanied by uveitis and an inflammatory syndrome,
      consisting of a markedly increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high serum
      gamma globulin levels. The nephropathy as well as the inflammatory syndrome
      subsided spontaneously. A topical antiphlogistic treatment healed the ocular
      disease, which has not relapsed so far. The association of acute tubulo
      interstitial nephritis and acute uveitis observed in several patients has led to
      the identification of a specific syndrome with a very particular symptomatology
      and course, the so-called TINU syndrome, the interest of which resides in the
      predictability of the complete reversibility of the nephropathy either
      spontaneously or after steroid treatment, contrasting with the marked tendency
      towards relapse of the uveitis. The demonstration of circulating immune complexes
      in the serum during the acute phase of the illness, as in our patient, further
      points to the involvement of immune processes in the syndrome, but the origin and
      pathogenesis remain as yet unknown.

PMID- 4022211
TI  - Inhibition of platelet function by uremic middle molecules.
AB  - To further define the platelet abnormality responsible for uremic bleeding, we
      studied platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate, ristocetin, and collagen
      in serum fractions obtained by Sephadex G-15 chromatography. We found that uremic
      patients had considerable inhibition in several peaks of middle molecular range,
      but the findings were inconsistent and not clearly related to the degree of
      uremia.

PMID- 4022212
TI  - Predictive value of desferrioxamine infusion test for bone aluminium deposits in
      hemodialyzed patients.
AB  - A transiliac bone biopsy was performed in 16 hemodialyzed patients, and a
      staining procedure with Aluminon was used to reveal bone aluminium deposits. The
      baseline serum aluminium levels did not allow to predict the patients with
      aluminium deposits. In contrast, the peak of serum aluminium, 48 h after a
      desferrioxamine infusion, was much more reliable for the detection of patients
      with bone aluminium overload.

PMID- 4022213
TI  - Levamisole circumvents inhibition of lymphocyte activation imposed by uremic
      serum.
AB  - Uremic serum inhibits thymidine incorporation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated
      lymphocytes originating in normal individuals. In this study the effect of
      levamisole on such inhibition was investigated. Preincubation with a wide range
      of levamisole concentrations resulted in complete prevention of the inhibitory
      effect imposed by uremic serum on thymidine incorporation. We would like to
      suggest that uremic serum possibly inhibits thymidine incorporation of normal
      lymphocytes by imposing an abnormal cyclic GMP/cyclic AMP intracellular ratio,
      and that levamisole may restore this ratio to normal.

PMID- 4022214
TI  - Effects of large dose vitamin E supplementation on anemia in hemodialysis
      patients.
AB  - In order to clarify the effect of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) on anemia and the
      osmotic fragility of red blood cells (RBC) plasma and RBC levels of vitamin E
      were measured in 30 regular dialysis patients before and after oral
      supplementation of vitamin E, 600 mg daily for 30 days. Plasma levels of vitamin
      E were in the normal range (10.67 +/- 0.85, 9.73 +/- 0.77 microgram/ml) but RBC
      levels in packed red cells were significantly lower than healthy controls (0.57
      +/- 0.05, 0.45 +/- 0.07 microgram/ml). Oral supplementation of vitamin E
      increased both plasma (20.37 +/- 1.61 micrograms/ml) and RBC vitamin E (1.56 +/-
      0.11 micrograms/ml) in packed red cells, while in unsupplemented patients,
      vitamin E levels remained unchanged. In patients receiving vitamin E, mean
      osmolarities at the beginning and end of hemolysis decreased from 102.8 +/- 0.9
      to 98.9 +/- 0.7 and 72.1 +/- 1.1 to 67.4 +/- 0.8 mosm/l, respectively. In
      addition, the hematocrit increased from 26.1 +/- 1.0 to 28.1 +/- 1.2%. These
      changes are statistically significant (less than 0.05). In conclusion, the oral
      supplementation of vitamin E could be of clinical benefit in correcting anemia in
      regular dialysis patients by reducing the fragility of RBCs.

PMID- 4022215
TI  - Magnesium excretion in idiopathic hypercalciuria.
AB  - Given the parallelism in calcium and magnesium metabolisms, we have studied
      urinary magnesium in normal subjects and in patients with idiopathic
      hypercalciuria under conditions of basal and restricted diet, fasting, and after
      oral calcium overload. Serum magnesium values showed no differences between
      groups. Urinary magnesium levels are increased in absorptive hypercalciuria under
      free and restricted diet and calcium overload, returning to normal during
      fasting. Renal hypercalciuria patients maintain a high magnesium excretion under
      all conditions. This suggests that in idiopathic hypercalciuria there is an
      impairment of renal magnesium management, dependent on that of calcium because it
      normalizes when urinary calcium is normal.

PMID- 4022216
TI  - Oxygen uptake in exercising subjects with minimal renal disease.
AB  - Patients with varying degrees of renal failure were studied for their blood
      lactate response to exercise on either a treadmill or a bicycle ergometer. In the
      group exercised on a treadmill, blood lactate and alanine levels were measured,
      and in the group exercised on the bicycle ergometer blood lactate levels and
      oxygen uptake were measured. In both groups regardless of the method of exercise
      or the degree of azotemia, a rapid rise in blood lactate similar to that
      previously reported with exercise was observed. Blood alanine levels, which were
      low in subjects with renal disease, did not change with exercise even with a rise
      in blood lactate levels. There was no difference in the oxygen uptake between
      normal controls and subjects with renal disease. We conclude that blood alanine
      levels are low in renal disease, and that with the degree of exercise studied the
      rise in blood lactate in patients with renal disease is not accompanied by a
      change in oxygen uptake and does not evoke a rise in blood alanine levels. The
      mechanisms for the abnormal rise in blood lactate in these patients does not
      appear to be due to anoxia.

PMID- 4022217
TI  - Sequential hypertonic dialysis.
AB  - We have investigated the usefulness and practicability of the so-called
      sequential hypertonic dialysis in 2 selected patients with severe hemodialysis
      induced hypotension; 190 mmol/l of sodium dialysate during the 1st and 3rd h and
      132 mmol/l throughout the 2nd and 4th h were used, with a Drake-Willock-Bi
      proportionating unit, which was electronically modified for the purpose of the
      study. Crossover was made, patients serving as their own controls in two
      consecutive cycles: 3 weeks conventional hemodialysis followed by 4 weeks
      sequential hypertonic dialysis, using high-flux dialyzers. At the end of
      sequential hypertonic dialysis a greater weight loss was achieved (p less than
      0.001) with absolute stability of blood pressure. There were no significant
      changes in plasma osmolality and plasma volume during sequential hypertonic
      dialysis when compared with conventional hemodialysis. Dialysis symptoms and
      complications were less frequently recorded during sequential hypertonic dialysis
      (p less than 0.001). At the end of each sequential hypertonic dialysis period,
      hemoglobin, potassium, and phosphate plasma levels improved significantly and
      plasma sodium concentrations remained within the normal range. We conclude that
      sequential hypertonic dialysis is an easy and routine feasible procedure with our
      methodology. It is possible to achieve the ideal dry weight with no symptomatic
      hypotension. Sequential hypertonic dialysis constitutes an alternative to
      sequential ultrafiltration in selected patients, as it minimizes the falloff in
      plasma volume and osmolality observed during conventional hemodialysis.

PMID- 4022218
TI  - Sialic acid content of erythrocytes in uremic patients. Correlation with the age
      distribution of erythrocytes as assessed by glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
      determination.
AB  - In a previous study we suggested that an enrichment in young red blood cells
      (RBC) should occur in the erythrocyte population of uremic-anemic patients. This
      change in RBC age distribution together with the fact that young cells were
      reported to be richer in sialic acid would provide an explanation for the
      observed lack of difference in sialic acid content between patients' and
      controls' whole erythrocyte populations in spite of an increased neuraminidase
      activity found to be present in patients' serum. To verify this assumption
      glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity, which is an erythrocyte age
      index, and sialic acid were determined in low and high density fractions
      separated by centrifugation of packed cells representing young and old RBC,
      respectively, from two groups of 8 individuals with chronic renal failure and two
      groups of controls. GOT was determined also in whole erythrocyte populations.
      Mean GOT activity was significantly higher in the young fractions compared to the
      old of both patients' and control RBC (14.9 vs. 7.8 and 12.4 vs. 7.5 IU/g Hb).
      Activity of the whole RBC population was significantly higher in uremics as
      compared to controls (11.7 vs. 5.6 IU/g Hb) which is compatible with a lower
      median erythrocyte age. Mean sialic acid was higher in the young fractions as
      compared to the old (42.7 vs. 35.3 nmol/10(9) cells in controls and 48.9 vs. 43.0
      nmol/10(9) cells in patients). These differences together with an enrichment in
      young cells would compensate for the eventual loss of sialic acid in the whole
      population resulting from an increased neuraminidase-like activity in patients'
      serum.

PMID- 4022219
TI  - Biosynthesis of methylguanidine in isolated rat hepatocytes and in vivo.
AB  - To clarify the organ in which methylguanidine is synthesized, high doses of
      creatinine, which is known to stimulate the synthesis of methylguanidine, were
      administered to male Wistar rats intraperitoneally. Various tissues of the rats
      were frozen by a freeze clamp method before and 1, 2 and 3 h after injection, and
      methylguanidine was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography using 9,10
      phenanthrenequinone for fluorometric determination. We found evidence that the
      liver, kidney, lung, muscle, red blood cells and gut flora synthesize
      methylguanidine. In addition, we measured the synthesis of methylguanidine in
      isolated hepatocytes prepared from normal rats following the addition of
      creatinine, arginine and guanidinoacetic acid to the incubation medium. Synthesis
      of methylguanidine was observed only in those incubations which contained
      creatinine, and was dependent on the concentration of creatinine in the media and
      on the incubation period. Isolated rat hepatocytes also synthesized guanidine in
      the presence of guanidinoacetic acid. These results indicate that the liver is
      one of the organs which synthesize methylguanidine and also that creatinine is
      the precursor.

PMID- 4022220
TI  - A new technique for insertion of the Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheter.
AB  - To eliminate the discomfort caused by surgical methods and the risks involved
      using the trocar, for 1 year we have been using a new technique for insertion of
      peritoneal catheters (PC). We devised a steel instrument, vaguely resembling a
      rhinoscope, composed of two semicones. The handles are connected by a screw to
      permit dilatation of the semicones. After local anesthesia, an introducer needle
      is inserted into the peritoneal cavity. A guide-wire is passed through the needle
      which is then withdrawn and our instrument is placed around the guide and gently
      pushed into the peritoneal cavity. The guide is now removed and squeezing the
      handles of the instrument we introduce the PC up to 2 cm beyond the first Dacron
      cuff. When the catheter is in place, the instrument is removed and a subcutaneous
      tunnel may be made. We have used this method for 25 patients. 14 were new cases
      while 11 underwent PC repositioning. For all patients this new method proved to
      be excellent with practically no leakage and PC were utilized immediately or
      after only 24 h. We emphasize the brief time for PC insertion, the minimum
      discomfort and the simplicity of the technique.

PMID- 4022221
TI  - Plasmapheresis in a patient with rapidly progressive idiopathic IgA nephropathy:
      removal of IgA-containing circulating immune complexes and clinical recovery.
AB  - Primary IgA nephropathy is generally considered a benign disease, but progression
      to renal failure is not uncommon and a rapidly progressive course is observed in
      some cases, especially when extensive epithelial crescents are present.
      Circulating IgA-containing immune complexes (IgAIC) seem to play the most
      important pathogenetical role, hence the authors adopted plasmapheretic treatment
      in association with immunosuppressive drugs for 1 patient affected by primary IgA
      nephritis, with florid crescents and progressive renal failure. IgAIC decreased
      significantly after each plasma exchange and finally returned to normal values;
      over the same period urinary protein loss and heavy microscopic hematuria
      gradually disappeared and renal function was completely recovered.

PMID- 4022222
TI  - Diclofenac-associated acute renal failure. Report of 2 cases.
AB  - 2 cases of acute renal failure associated with diclofenac therapy are reported.
      In the 1st case no other risk factors but diclofenac administration were
      identified. Renal biopsy showed patchy interstitial infiltration of mononuclear
      cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In the 2nd case preexisting nephropathy
      and heart failure were underlying illnesses. In both cases renal function
      returned to the basal values after stopping the drug.

PMID- 4022223
TI  - Systemic amyloidosis in the course of maintenance hemodialysis.

PMID- 4022224
TI  - Delayed onset of hemothorax: an unusual complication of subclavian access for
      hemodialysis.

PMID- 4022225
TI  - Pneumococcal sepsis with hemolytic-uremic syndrome in the adult.

PMID- 4022226
TI  - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in 1985: therapy of the future or
      impasse?].

PMID- 4022227
TI  - [Use of a Tenckhoff catheter implanted in the superior vena cava in
      hemodialysis].
AB  - For some patients in hemodialysis, repeated failure of conventional access routes
      requires consideration of unusual forms of access. For others, peritonitis or
      other problems may temporarily restrict the use of peritoneal route. We report
      our experience with Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheter implanted into the
      superior vena cava through a venotomy in the right external jugular vein. The
      catheter was used for hemodialysis in five patients and we had no serious
      problems. Recirculation rate and removal rates of BUN and creatinine showed a
      satisfactory dialysis efficiency. While we do not recommend the procedure for
      routine permanent access, we believe that this technique provides a significant
      new choice in patients in whom conventional access methods have failed.

PMID- 4022228
TI  - [Creatinine clearance with low urinary output].

PMID- 4022229
TI  - Plasma and myocardial catecholamine levels in young and aged rats during
      halothane anesthesia.
AB  - Plasma and heart tissue catecholamines were measured in young (4-month) and aged
      (28-month) Sprague Dawley rats under unanesthetized conditions and following the
      induction of halothane anesthesia. Arterial blood pressure, blood gases, plasma
      and heart tissue norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine concentrations were
      measured in separate groups of unanesthetized and halothane anesthetized rats.
      Young and aged rats were tested under equal anesthetic levels and blood halothane
      concentrations were measured using gas chromatography. Aged rats required
      significantly less halothane to maintain anesthesia compared to young animals
      (7.25 +/- 1.43 vs. 14.91 +/- 0.93 mg/dL, p less than 0.05). Cardiovascular
      parameters were similar in young vs. aged rats under unanesthetized conditions,
      but blood pressure decreased significantly more in aged than in young rats during
      halothane anesthesia (43% vs. 17%, p less than 0.05). Heart tissue catecholamines
      were not different between young and aged and did not change during halothane
      anesthesia. Plasma norepinephrine concentrations were consistently elevated in
      aged vs. young rats under both unanesthetized and anesthetized test conditions,
      but there was no significant change in these levels from the unanesthetized to
      the anesthetized state. Results suggest that increased catecholamine levels in
      aged animals may be necessary to maintain a normal cardiovascular state under
      unanesthetized conditions and that catecholamines do not increase during the
      hypotensive state produced by halothane anesthesia in spite of marked
      hypotension.

PMID- 4022230
TI  - Drug induced hypothermia in adult and senescent rats.
AB  - Temperature regulation was evaluated in senescent (34-40 month old) and adult (8
      9 month old) female Iva:WIWU and Emd:Wi-AF/Han rats. Injection of 1.5 mg/kg BW
      apomorphine HCl or 1.0 mg/kg BW oxotremorine sesquifumarate produced comparable
      maximal hypothermic responses in adult and senescent rats. However, the latency
      to reach maximal hypothermia after oxotremorine (but not apomorphine) was longer
      in senescent than in adult rats of both strains.

PMID- 4022231
TI  - Further characterizations of the nature of the behavioral and neurochemical
      effects of lesions to the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the rat.
AB  - Converging lines of evidence indicate an important role for the basal forebrain
      cholinergic system in memory processes. The principal origin of the cholinergic
      projection to the neocortex appears to be the magnocellular neurons in the region
      of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM). We examined the effects of bilateral
      lesions of the NbM on retention of shock avoidance training by stereotaxically
      injecting rats with 0.5 microliter of ibotenic acid (14 micrograms/microliter)
      into the NbM. Two weeks later rats were given passive avoidance training and
      tested for retention of the original avoidance habit 5 min, 30 min, or 24 hr
      later. Rats with lesions of the NbM showed significantly impaired shock avoidance
      performance compared to non-operated controls at both 30 min and 24 hr, but not
      at 5 min after training. Lesioned animals also showed a significant decrease in
      cortical choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      activities. No differences in muscarinic receptor binding or plasma
      cholinesterase activity was observed. The results demonstrate the usefulness of
      NbM lesions as a model for studying the role of the basal forebrain cholinergic
      system in memory processes.

PMID- 4022232
TI  - Comments on review by D.M. Gash, T.J. Collier and J.R. Sladek.

PMID- 4022233
TI  - Interaction of norepinephrine with Purkinje cell responses to cerebellar afferent
      inputs in aged rats.
AB  - Age-related differences in the modulatory actions of NE on the evoked activity of
      cerebellar Purkinje cells were examined in young (3 month) and old (18-20 month)
      Fischer 344 rats. We have previously shown that NE is more potent in young than
      in old rats, in terms of its ability to inhibit spontaneous activity. In this
      investigation complex spike excitation, simple spike excitation, and inhibition
      of Purkinje cell discharge were elicited by stimulation of climbing fibers, mossy
      fibers, and cerebellar parallel fibers, and quantified by computing post-stimulus
      time histograms of the neuronal response, recorded extracellularly. Histograms
      were compared before, during and after local ejection of NE from multibarreled
      micropipettes. In young rats NE preferentially inhibits spontaneous discharge
      more than evoked excitations. The inhibitory response of the Purkinje cell to
      activation of basket and stellate cell afferents is potentiated by NE with
      respect to the inhibition of spontaneous discharge. In old rats the NE-induced
      potentiation of both excitatory and inhibitory responses was significantly
      diminished. The loss of noradrenergic enhancement of the relative responsiveness
      of Purkinje neurons to afferent inputs in senescent animals may relate to
      behavioral deficits seen in aging.

PMID- 4022234
TI  - [Patients with multiple sclerosis among the Lodz population. I. Verification of
      the diagnosis and clinical characteristics].
AB  - Home-treated patients with multiple sclerosis who 5-6 years earlier had sought
      medical advice in neurological health service institutions were examined. Their
      age was to 46 years; they came from the population of the City Lodz. Slightly
      over half of them (53%) were patients whose disease had begun at the age of 20-29
      years. In 18% of cases the duration of the disease exceeded 14 years. In 60% of
      cases the disease had a remitting course, in 83% of them multifocal involvement
      of the nervous system was present. In nearly all cases (97%) pyramidal tract
      involvement was present, and in 59% the optic nerves were involved. Females
      prevailed in this group (75%); the proportion of patients aged 40-46 years was
      higher among the females. In males the onset of the disease before the age of 30
      years was significantly more frequent, while in females the proportion of cases
      beginning at the age of 30-39 years was significantly greater. Among patients
      aged up to 40 years registered within one year by the neurologists as certain or
      suspected cases of multiple sclerosis (independently of the duration of the
      disease) about 7% patients died in a period of 5.7 years on average (10.5% males
      and 5.3% females). These observations suggest a different onset or course of the
      disease in both sexes in this population.

PMID- 4022235
TI  - [A method of membrane filtration of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid].
AB  - The authors discuss their assessment of the technique of membrane filtration of
      the cerebrospinal fluid based on an analysis of over 200 cytograms obtained using
      Milipore membrane filters. Filtration was done in Kistler's apparatus by the
      method of Kistler-Bischoff and the preparations were stained with hematoxylin and
      eosin. In the light of the obtained results and various envisaged possibilities
      of use the authors recommend this condensation technique as a method of choice in
      cytodiagnostic examinations of the cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 4022236
TI  - [Neuropsychological evaluation of the results of treatment of hydrocephalus using
      a ventriculo-atrial valve].
AB  - In 25 patients with hydrocephalus of various grades and aetiology treated by
      insertion of ventriculoatrial valves neuropsychological investigations were
      carried out before and after this operation using the method of Luria and certain
      psychometric tests. The obtained results made possible isolation of three grades
      of impairment of higher nervous functions: III--afunction--10 patients, II-
      dysfunction--12 patients, I--eufunction--3 patients. Control neuropsychological
      examination two weeks after the operation demonstrated improvement of higher
      nervous functions in 6 cases with grade III and 11 patients with grade II
      impairment. In these cases radiological investigations demonstrated evidence of
      normotensive and hypertensive hydrocephalus and this was confirmed by
      measurements of intraventricular pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid. In 5 cases
      with grades III and II of damage no improvement was found. Radiograms and
      measurements of intraventricular pressure suggested in these cases hydrocephalus
      due to brain atrophy.

PMID- 4022237
TI  - [Confabulation and frontal lobe injury--considerations with regard to a
      particular form of post-traumatic amnesia syndrome].
AB  - A case of posttraumatic amnestic syndrome is described, with spontaneous
      confabulations as the main symptom. It is supposed that disturbances of recent
      memory are an indispensable, although insufficient condition for confabulation
      development. The author thinks that psychopathological symptoms, pathognomonic
      for damage to the mediobasal parts of the frontal lobes play a role in the
      pathogenesis of confabulations.

PMID- 4022238
TI  - [Syndrome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after thymectomy performed for
      myasthenic syndrome].
AB  - A case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was observed developing three months
      after thymectomy in a woman aged 52 years. The patient had been referred for
      thymectomy because of myasthenic signs increasing in intensity since 2 years.
      Myasthenia was confirmed by electrophysiological investigations, and the
      diagnosis was: myasthenic syndrome and suspected thymoma. During nearly 5 years
      of follow-up the following observations were made: there was a correlation
      between thymectomy and the development of ALS syndrome, thymosine administration
      produced clinical improvement, thymosine administration improved the function of
      thymus-dependent lymphocytes, thymosine withdrawal (due to non-availability)
      produced exacerbation of symptoms.

PMID- 4022239
TI  - [A case of sleep apnea syndrome].

PMID- 4022240
TI  - [A case of Behcet's syndrome].
AB  - The author reports a case of Behcet's disease in a girl aged 18 years with
      recurrent lesions of the oral and vulvar mucosa, eyes and nervous system. The
      disease had a recurrent character with a tendency for progressing deterioration.
      Treatment was unsuccessful and the patient died.

PMID- 4022241
TI  - [Radical removal of arteriovenous angioma from the upper segment of the cervical
      spinal cord].
AB  - A case of arteriovenous angioma of the upper part of the cervical cord is
      reported with discussion on the course of the disease, diagnostic methods and
      surgical treatment (microsurgery).

PMID- 4022243
TI  - [Lateral suboccipital approach to acoustic neurinomas].

PMID- 4022242
TI  - [Patients with multiple sclerosis among the Lodz population. II. Clinical course
      of the disease and patient fitness].
AB  - The motor fitness was assessed in multiple sclerosis patients remaining in their
      homes in the City of Lodz. The age of the patients was up to 46 years; 5-6 years
      earlier they had been registered within one year in neurological health service
      institutions after variously long periods of the disease. The proportion of those
      with severe motor impairment was 14%, and it was highest (17%) in the groups with
      disease duration 10-14 years. Nearly half of the group, independently of the age,
      sex and disease duration, were patients who could move about and perform
      household works. The proportion of fully fit and nearly fully fit was highest
      (83%) among those whose disease began under the age of 20 years, and it was
      lowest (42%) in those with disease onset at the age of 20-29 years. A tendency
      was observed for a different development of motor function impairment in both
      sexes depending on the age, age at disease onset and disease duration. In the
      light of the obtained results it is estimated that in the population of cities in
      Poland in the whole group of multiple sclerosis patients or subjects with
      suspected multiple sclerosis registered within one year after variously long
      disease duration about 40-50% remain after 5-6 years still completely or nearly
      completely fit.

PMID- 4022244
TI  - [Measurement of the normal cervical spinal cord in metrizamide CT myelography].
AB  - The shape of the spinal cord is the most important factor in diagnosis of spinal
      disorders by metrizamide CT myelography (met. CT). Even in cases where the spinal
      cord looks normal in shape its size might be abnormal, for example in cases with
      spinal cord atrophy, syringomyelia, intramedullary tumor and several other
      conditions. In detecting the slightest abnormality in such cases, it is
      absolutely necessary to have in hand the knowledge of the normal size of the
      spinal cord at each level. We measured, therefore, the sagittal and transverse
      diameters of the cervical spinal cord in 55 patients with no known lesions on
      met. CT. Comparing our results with those by others, we found some differences as
      to the size of the spinal cord. We assume that these differences are due to the
      differences in resolution of the CT scanners used. The size of the spinal cord
      tends to measure larger with a CT scanner with high resolution than with others.
      Previous authors reported that the size of the spinal cord would vary by window
      center settings. Our experimental results indicate, however, that window center
      settings do not significantly affect the measurements. It is concluded that the
      normal values of the spinal cord dimensions at each level somewhat differ by CT
      equipments used. One should have normal values with one's own equipment in hand
      in order to take full advantage of this sophisticated diagnostic technique.

PMID- 4022245
TI  - [Risk factors of cerebral aneurysm re-rupture during angiography].
AB  - Although re-rupture of cerebral aneurysm during angiography has been reported
      occasionally, we have encountered 13 such patients during eight years since 1974,
      the incidence corresponding to 4.4 percent of 295 consecutive aneurysm patients
      on whom a total of 467 angiographies were performed. Extravasation on angiogram
      was noticed in 10 of these patients. We carefully analyzed the following factors
      to determine which one is significantly related to aneurysm re-rupture during
      cerebral angiography. The factors we investigated were sex, age, sites of
      ruptured aneurysm, surgical risk grade and time interval between the latest
      rupture of aneurysm and angiography. Our procedures of angiography were
      standardized as such that contrast material was injected by means of power
      injector and the injection pressure was adjusted at 2.5 kg/cm2 in vertebral
      angiography, 3 kg/cm2 in carotid angiography and 4 kg/cm2 in retrograde brachial
      angiography. Volume of contrast material was 6-8 ml, 10-12 ml and 30-32 ml,
      respectively. An incidence of re-rupture during angiography when performed within
      the initial 24 hours after the latest bleeding episode was 12 out of 123
      angiographies (9.8%), whereas 1 out of 344 angiographies (0.3%) which were
      performed later than 24 hours. This difference was significant (p less than
      0.001). These data were further analyzed every one hour period. It was learned
      that re-rupture rate was significantly high, 9 out of 45 patients (20.0%) when
      angiography was done within 5 hours after the latest aneurysm rupture (p less
      than 0.01), particularly, 8 out of 27 patients (29.6%) within 3 hours (p less
      than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022246
TI  - [Basal encephalomeningocele in an adult--a case report and clinico-anatomical
      classification].
AB  - A 53-year-old male was admitted with complaints, of the recurrent cerebrospinal
      fluid rhinorrhea and meningitis. Basal encephalomeningocele was revealed by
      radionuclide cisternography, skull x-ray studies, and CT scan. Then, it was
      confirmed by operation. In reviewing the literature, we proposed a new
      classification of fronto-basal encephalomeningocele from clinical standpoints. 1)
      Anterior type; detectable facial anomalies, hypertelorism, building frontal mass
      or masses. Reparative operation is easy. 2) Intermediate type; no facial
      anomalies, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, meningitis, nasal polyp. Good results
      can be expected through intracranial approach. 3) Posterior type; associated many
      congenital anomalies such as coloboma, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and cleft
      palate and lip. In this type, intracranial operation has potential hazards. In
      our case, elevated CSF pressure due to hemodialysis for chronic renal failure may
      result in the late onset of CSF rhinorrhea. Etiology of 10 reported cases of the
      basal encephalomeningocele in Japan was also discussed.

PMID- 4022247
TI  - [Spontaneous extradural hematoma localized in the ventral side of the thoracic
      spinal cord--a case report].
AB  - A case of spontaneous spinal extradural hematoma was reported. The patient, a 25
      year-old housewife, was hospitalized with back pain, followed by paralysis of
      both legs and urinary disturbance during next 2 hours. A myelogram demonstrated
      that contrast medium was incompletely blocked at the level from the 3rd to the
      4th thoracic spine by extradural mass. Unfortunately X-ray CT scan was not
      examined, however, a NMR-CT scan excluded disc protrusion and dissecting aneurysm
      of the aorta. Eight hours after onset, wide laminectomy was performed as
      emergency operation and an epidural hematoma located in the ventral side with
      compression of the thoracic cord was removed as completely as possible. She was
      discharged with excellent recovery after operation. The spontaneous spinal
      epidural hematoma is rare emergency. The exact etiology is unknown, and no
      explanation is offered as to why the hematoma is usually dorsal in location. To
      our knowledge, only three cases of spinal epidural hematoma which located in the
      ventral side were reported. Considering from our experience and other reports, it
      seems to be the most important point to avoid the unnecessary pressure on the
      spinal cord and to search the exact bleeding point in the operative procedure of
      ventral epidural hematomas.

PMID- 4022248
TI  - [A case of huge diploic epidermoid of the temporal bone with intratumoral
      hemorrhage].
AB  - A case of huge diploic epidermoid which occurred in the right temporal bone and
      occupied almost all of the middle fossa and a part of the posterior fossa. CT of
      the tumor showed a low density lesion with multiform isodensity spots and a rim
      enhancement by CECT. Histologically, multiple old blood clots were recognized in
      this tumor contents. A review of the literature was made as regards CT findings
      of diploic epidermoid.

PMID- 4022249
TI  - [Isolated fourth ventricle simulating the Guillain-Barre's syndrome].
AB  - Recently the symptoms caused by isolated dilatation of the fourth ventricle have
      become the subject of discussion under the name of the Isolated Fourth Ventricle
      (IFV). IFV is caused by occlusion of the aqueduct of Sylvius as well as the
      foramen of Luschka and Magendie after shunt procedure for the internal
      hydrocephalus, although the etiological back-ground is not fully understood yet.
      Most of the symptoms of hitherto reported cases are due to dysfunction of the
      lower cranial nerve and cerebellum. We reported an interesting adult case of IFV,
      whose symptoms were very much simulating the Guillain-Barre's syndrome and were
      completely relieved with fourth ventricle-peritoneal shunt. Clinical history was
      analyzed with repeated CT scans and was discussed with review of the literature.

PMID- 4022251
TI  - [Surgery of Craniopharyngiomas].

PMID- 4022250
TI  - [Regional continuous intraarterial infusion of urokinase in the acute stage of
      cervical and intracranial major artery occlusion--particularly on a case of
      successful improvement after therapeutic recanalization].
AB  - We recently applied regional continuous intraarterial infusion of urokinase (UK)
      for five cases suffering from occlusion of the cervical and intracranial major
      arteries within nine hours from the onset to the start of infusion. In this paper
      we reported mainly about a 55-year male patient of occlusion of the left cervical
      internal carotid artery, which was recanalized by regional continuous
      intraarterial UK infusion, with discussion about the manipulation of UK infusion,
      indication of patient and management after recanalization.

PMID- 4022252
TI  - [Fontanelle pressure in infants (Part II). Discussion on 6 cases of macrocrania].
AB  - From the results of ICP determination in 6 cases of macrocrania, it is evident
      that Lundberg's pressure wave (plateau wave, B wave) can be sufficiently adapted
      for evaluating abnormality under the semi-closed circumference like infants. ICP
      determination in the case of macrocrania with mild enlarged ventricles important
      for knowing pathologic changes. In particular, pressure variation and amplitude
      changes during REM period seem to be an interesting index for knowing the
      involvement of venous function. The increased ICP during REM period was also
      observed in a patient with holoprosencephaly having brain stem formation only,
      suggesting an important relationship between brain stem and increased ICP during
      REM period.

PMID- 4022253
TI  - [Study of ruptured intracranial aneurysms with intracerebral hematomas--with
      special reference to operative indication].
AB  - We reviewed 40 cases of intracranial ruptured aneurysm with intracerebral
      hematoma (An-ICH) and compared those with 177 cases of intracranial single
      ruptured aneurysm causing only subarachnoid hemorrhage (An-SAH). An-ICH accounted
      11.6% of the intracranial aneurysm, ruptured at the mean age of 54 years, and
      occurred equally in both sexes. The localization of An-ICH was 50% in the middle
      cerebral artery (MC), 43% in the anterior cerebral artery (AC) and 8% in the
      internal carotid arterial region. Forty percent of An-ICH were treated
      conservatively and the outcome was very misery (no useful life and 94% was poor
      or dead). Sixty percent of An-ICH were treated surgically (neck-clipping and
      removal of the hematoma) and the outcome was poor (17% useful life and 46% poor
      and dead). Especially in MC aneurysm, operability was 85% and post-operative
      useful life was 12% and post-operative poor or dead was 53%. In AC aneurysm,
      operability was 35% and post-operative useful life was 33% and poor or dead was
      33%. These miserable results raised a question of operative indication for An
      ICH. The five clinical indices (decerebration, hypertension greater than or equal
      to 200 mmHg, Hunt-Hess grade V, anisocoria in AC, severe shift of midline
      structure on X-CT) were selected, because any patients who presented with even
      only one of them became fatal or vegetative state regardless of conservative or
      surgical treatment. Assuming them as the non-operative standards, operability
      decreased in 35% MC, 29% AC, useful life outcome came up to 20% MC, 40% AC, and
      misery outcome came down to 20% MC, 20% AC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022254
TI  - [Squamous cell carcinoma of the frontal sinus caused osteomyelitis of the frontal
      bone].
AB  - A case of the squamous cell carcinoma of the frontal sinus complicated with
      osteomyelitis of the frontal bone was reported. A 47-year-old male was admitted
      to Asahikawa Medical College Hospital because of a bulging of forehead and
      remittent fever of a six-month history and general convulsive seizures on the day
      before admission. On physical examination, a bulging of forehead with redness,
      tenderness and fluctuation was noted. Sense of smell diminished bilaterally. Oto
      laryngological examination disclosed paranasal sinusitis. Skull X-P and CT scan
      suggested osteomyelitis of the frontal bone secondary to frontal sinusitis.
      However, a frontal sinus tumor with osteomyelitis was also possible. Operation
      was performed and a granulomatous mass attached to the dura with thick epidural
      abscess was noted. The mass and affected bone edge were removed. Pathological
      examination of the specimens disclosed findings of squamous cell carcinoma and
      osteomyelitis. Recurrence of the tumor rapidly occurred and reoperation was
      performed a month after the first operation. Postoperative irradiation and
      chemotherapy with pepleomycin were done but failed to control the growth and
      recurrence occurred immediately. The tumor penetrated the skin of the forehead
      and the patient died of cachexy 7 months after the first surgery. Osteomyelitis
      usually occurred in the metaphysis of long tubular bone and rarely in short bone
      or flat bone such as a skull. This is attributed to the difference of
      distribution of the bone marrow vessels. Embolization and subsequent growth of
      bacteria in the blood flow is less liable to occur in short bone and flat
      bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022255
TI  - [Trigeminal neurinoma presenting abducens nerve palsy as initial symptom: a
      report of two cases].
AB  - Two cases of trigeminal neurinoma presenting abducens nerve palsy as initial
      symptom are reported. Case 1. A 33-year-old female was admitted because of double
      vision of two months duration. Neurological examination revealed left abducens
      nerve palsy. CT scan disclosed a left parasellar tumor with a homogeneous
      enhancement effect. The tumor was subtotally resected by left extradural
      subtemporal approach, and diagnosed as trigeminal neurinoma. Case 2. A 18-year
      old female was admitted because of double vision of one month duration.
      Neurological examination revealed left mydriasis and left abducens nerve palsy.
      CT scan disclosed a low density mass in the left cerebellopontine angle region
      and enhanced parasellar mass. The cystic mass located at the posterior fossa was
      removed by left retromastoid suboccipital approach, and diagnosed as trigeminal
      neurinoma. In these two cases, the abducens nerve palsy disappeared within two
      months postoperatively. The trigeminal neurinoma presenting abducens nerve palsy
      as initial symptoms is rare. We were able to collect six similar cases from the
      literature. All of them, including present two cases, were classified as ganglion
      type. It was suspected that the abducens nerve was compressed by the trigeminal
      neurinoma at the cavernous sinus, the petrous apex or the posterior fossa.

PMID- 4022256
TI  - [Intracranial chordoma--report of two cases with cytochemical study].
AB  - Intracranial chordoma is very uncommon. We report two cases of intracranial
      chordoma with cytochemical studies. Case 1: A 66-year-old housewife was admitted
      on February 10, 1981, complaining of disturbance of visual acuity and bitemporal
      hemianopsia. A plain skull film showed normal finding with no calcification. CT
      showed a spherical ring contrast enhancement with intraluminal low density area
      in the suprasellar cistern. Pneumoencephalogram showed a suprasellar mass with
      filling defect of the anterior part of the third ventricle. On February 28, 1981,
      the tumor was intracapsually removed by transfrontal approach. The tumor had re
      brown-turbid fluid. On March 16, she was discharged with no disturbance of visual
      acuity and visual field. But she again complained of visual disturbance and was
      hospitalized on October 26, 1981. Second operation was performed through trans
      frontal route. The tumor with pus-like fluid was resected subtotally and
      postoperative radiation was given with 4,500 rads. Histologically the tumor had
      physaliferous cells cytomorphologically. Cytochemical study: cytoplasm and matrix
      were detected positively with PAS stain, Mucicarmine stain, Alcian blue stain,
      and Colloid-Iron stain. Mucinous glycogen was positive by PAS stain after
      diastase digestion test. These mucinous material was not stained with Sudan
      stain. Case 2: A 36-year-old man was admitted with paresthesia on right lower
      face on September 27, 1983. In the past history he complained of diplopia for
      several months in 1978 and 1982. A tomography of the skull showed a spherical
      soft mass in the sphenoid sinus and a calcified lesion from the posterior clinoid
      process to the floor of the third ventricle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022257
TI  - [Ruptured cerebral aneurysm of the median artery of the corpus callosum
      (accessory anterior cerebral artery): case report].
AB  - A rare case of ruptured cerebral aneurysm of median artery of corpus callosum
      (accessory anterior cerebral artery: Acc ACA) is reported. A 66-year-old
      hypertensive female suddenly lost consciousness for 5 minutes and later
      complained of severe headache. On admission, the next day, consciousness was
      clear and she showed no neurological deficit except for right motor weakness. CT
      scan revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage, and carotid angiography showed triplicated
      anterior cerebral artery with a saccular aneurysm on the Acc ACA. Twenty hours
      after the onset, an operation was performed to clip the aneurysm neck. Post
      operative course was uneventful and she was discharged on the 25th postoperative
      day without neurological deficits. When the median artery of corpus
      callosum(MACC), a branch of anterior communicating artery distributes to one or
      to both hemispheres, it is called Acc ACA. It is thought to be a vascular anomaly
      and which has an incidence of 20%. However, cases of aneurysm of MACC (or Acc
      ACA) have not been reported and our case is considered to be the first.

PMID- 4022258
TI  - Glycogen particles in methionine sulfoximine epileptogenic rodent brain and liver
      after the administration of methionine and actinomycin D.
AB  - Rats and mice were submitted either to the convulsant methionine sulfoximine
      (MSO) alone or to MSO combined with actinomycin D or methionine respectively.
      Twenty-four hours after the intraperitoneal administration of these compounds,
      the animals were killed and tissue samples were prepared for electron microscopy.
      Methionine sulfoximine induced 'grand mal' type seizures which were abolished by
      methionine. In saline controls, glycogen was as beta particles located in the
      cytoplasm of astrocytes, i.e. in perikarya and processes. Liver glycogen was as
      perinuclear masses of alpha and beta particles or as alpha particles scattered in
      all the cytoplasm. When the rodents were treated with MSO, glycogen was as alpha
      and beta particles which invaded all areas of the astrocyte cytoplasm, this
      increase being tremendous in perivascular end feet. Actinomycin D slowed down the
      accumulation of glycogen particles while methionine completely abolished it. In
      any case, glycogen particles were confined to the astrocytes and were never seen
      in other types of cells. In liver, MSO induced an important decrease or a
      complete disappearance of glycogen particles. When the convulsant was combined
      with actinomycin D or with methionine, the figures looked like those of controls.
      These results have been discussed in relation to the mechanism of glycogenesis in
      central nervous system of rodents submitted to MSO.

PMID- 4022259
TI  - A cerebellar abnormality in the mouse with motor end-plate disease.
AB  - The murine mutant with motor end-plate disease (med) exhibits a progressive
      weakness which is due to a functional denervation of skeletal muscle. It is
      inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and has two alleles. One of these is
      the jolting (medjo) mouse which also suffers from a disturbance of locomotion.
      Although the jolting animal was originally thought to suffer from a disorder of
      neuromuscular transmission, the organization of the peripheral nervous system is
      indistinguishable from normal and neuromuscular transmission is unimpaired. It is
      now clear that abnormalities in the cerebellum are responsible for the gait
      problems of the jolting mouse, and a preliminary morphological and
      neurophysiological examination of the mouse with motor end-plate disease has
      shown that it also has cerebellar abnormalities. Axonal spheroids may be seen on
      cerebellar Purkinje cell axons in the med mouse, and the character of extra
      cellular recordings obtained from the Purkinje cells is abnormal.

PMID- 4022260
TI  - Distribution and release of immunoreactive thyroid-stimulating hormone in the rat
      hypothalamus: effects of thyroidectomy, hypophysectomy and treatment with thyroid
      hormones.
AB  - Immunoreactive thyroid-stimulating hormone (IR-TSH) has been detected in the
      hypothalamus and is released in vitro by a calcium-dependent mechanism when the
      tissue is depolarized. Recently, immunocytochemical studies have revealed that IR
      TSH is present in thyrotropes in the pars tuberalis. Therefore, because these
      thyrotropes are associated with the median eminence, the area with the highest
      concentration of IR-TSH, it is of interest to determine if 'hypothalamic' IR-TSH
      is from neural or pituitary cells. We addressed this issue by studying the
      effects of hypophysectomy, thyroidectomy, or chronic administration of
      triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4) on the distribution and in vitro release
      of IR-TSH in the hypothalamus. We reasoned that, if hypothalamic IR-TSH is
      dependent on the thyrotropes of the pars tuberalis, then changes in hypothalamic
      IR-TSH concentration and release should be parallel to those measured in
      pituitary extracts. IR-TSH was measured in tissue extracted in ice-cold 2% NaCl,
      with a final pH of 4.5. For the in vitro studies, tissues were incubated for 20
      min periods in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer at 37 degrees C. In untreated
      rats, the concentration of IR-TSH is greater in the ventral than the dorsal
      portion of the hypothalamus (39.3 +/- 8.2 vs. 4.0 +/- 1.5 ng/mg wet wt.). Upon
      finer dissection of the hypothalamus into median eminence and anterior, middle,
      and posterior portions of the remainder, IR-TSH was only detectable in the middle
      hypothalamus (5.3 +/- 1.5 ng/mg), and the median eminence (149 +/- 41
      ng/mg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022261
TI  - Serum melatonin response to melatonin administration in the Syrian hamster.
AB  - Chronic daily administration of melatonin (MT) can have potent effects on
      reproduction in the hamster. Various theories have been elaborated to explain
      these effects but little information has been available on circulating levels of
      MT following MT administration. We have examined the serum MT response in the
      male hamster to a single dose of 25 micrograms MT administered in the morning or
      in the afternoon--the same timing and dose used by others to produce reproductive
      effects. With both morning and afternoon administration, serum MT increased above
      1,000 pg/ml and remained above the highest basal levels during most of the 24
      hour cycle. These levels are clearly supraphysiologic ones. The decline in serum
      MT showed two distinct components following morning administration. Half-life of
      the initial component which probably represents rapid distribution into tissues
      was 17.3 min. A half-life of 25.1 h was calculated for the second component. We
      conclude that use of a 25-micrograms dose of melatonin to study pineal effects
      may be misleading.

PMID- 4022262
TI  - Effect of frontal hypothalamic deafferentation on photoperiod-induced changes of
      luteinizing hormone secretion in the ewe.
AB  - These experiments were conducted sequentially in two parts. In the first, we
      examined the effect of frontal hypothalamic deafferentation (FHD) on photoperiod
      induced changes in luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration in ovariectomized ewes
      ('steroid-independent' changes). In the second we placed Silastic implants of
      estradiol-17 beta in these same ewes and examined the effect of FHD on
      photoperiod-induced changes in the LH concentration in the presence of estradiol
      ('steroid-dependent' changes). 15 ovariectomized Suffolk ewes were subjected
      either to FHD (n = 10) or sham FHD (n = 5). They were placed in a photochamber
      and exposed to the following lighting regimens. In the first part, two trials of
      alternating lighting periods were used: trial 1 = 120 days of 8 h light (L):16 h
      dark (D) followed by 90 days of 16L:8D; trial 2 = 90 days of 8L:16D followed by
      60 days of 16L:8D. In the second part, three lighting periods of alternating
      daylengths were used: 65 days of 16L:8D, followed by 60 days of 8L:16D and by 60
      days of 16L:8D. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at 20-min
      intervals for 3 or 4 h during the last day of each lighting period. Data on mean
      LH concentrations were obtained. The location of the FHD was verified
      histologically. In the absence of gonadal steroids, 16L:8D increased, whereas
      8L:16D decreased the LH concentration (p less than 0.001) in both sham FHD and
      FHD ewes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022263
TI  - Myoclonus in the rat induced by p,p'-DDT and the role of altered monoamine
      function.
AB  - Administration of p,p'-DDT to rats produced myoclonus, but unlike previous
      studies in mice, this was not decreased by administration of clonazepam.
      Precursors of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (L-tryptophan and L-5-HTP) reduced the
      intensity of myoclonus, but the 5-HT agonists, quipazine and Org 6582 did not.
      Antagonists of 5-HT (methergoline, methysergide and cinanserin) did not
      potentiate the myoclonus induced by p,p'-DDT. Drugs altering the function of
      dopamine and noradrenaline (apomorphine, clonidine or phenoxybenzamine) also had
      no effect on this myoclonus. Administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
      (MAOIs; pargyline, nialamide and tranylcypromine) markedly attenuated the
      myoclonus, an effect that could not be attributed to an action on any one
      monoamine system. No observable changes in cerebral biochemical parameters of 5
      HT occurred at the onset of myoclonus, although tryptophan and 5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in brain were increased following periods of
      prolonged myoclonus. Electrophysiological analysis of the myoclonus in the rat
      induced by p,p'-DDT revealed changes in EEG and EMG activity which suggested an
      origin for the myoclonus in the brainstem. Although this was similar to
      electrophysiological findings in some human patients with post-anoxic action
      myoclonus, the pharmacological studies suggest that the myoclonus induced by p,p'
      DDT in the rat is not a suitable model for screening potential drugs to be used
      in the treatment of this disorder.

PMID- 4022264
TI  - S(+)Apomorphines. Selective inhibition of excitatory effects of dopamine injected
      into the limbic system of the rat.
AB  - Dopamine (DA) injected unilaterally into the corpus striatum of the brain of the
      rat after pretreatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, induced contralateral
      deviation of the head (ED50 = 23 micrograms). Dopamine, administered similarly
      into the nucleus accumbens septi, induced strong locomotor arousal effects (ED50
      = 32 micrograms), as reported by others. Systemic administration of the S(+)
      isomers of apomorphine (APO) and its N-n-propyl analog (NPA) had no significant
      action on the effects on posture of DA given intrastriatally, even in large
      doses. In striking contrast, both agents selectively inhibited the locomotor
      arousal effects of DA injected into the accumbens, but (+)NPA was seven times
      more potent (ED50 = 0.5 mg/kg vs 16 micrograms of DA) and its effects lasted for
      about 70 min. The dose-effect curves for (+)NPA against two doses of DA
      demonstrated parallel, lateral displacement, indicating a competitive
      interaction. These results support the impression that enantiomers and analogs of
      apomorphine, and especially S(+)N-propylnorapomorphine, have potent
      antidopaminergic actions that may be selective for limbic areas of the forebrain.

PMID- 4022265
TI  - Aluminum alters the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to some non-peptides.
AB  - The effect of aluminum administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the levels of
      peripherally injected 99mTc labelled red blood cells in brain and on the
      penetration of the blood-brain barrier by radioiodinated serum albumin (RISA),
      thyroxine, iodide, cortisol, N-Tyr-delta sleep-inducing peptide (N-Tyr-DSIP),
      growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin and human and rat
      luteinizing hormone was examined. Treatment with aluminum did not alter the
      brain/blood ratio for either 99mTc red blood cells or RISA, although it did
      increase the blood levels of RISA. These results show that aluminum caused a
      contraction in the volume of plasma without altering the vascular space of the
      brain, disrupting the blood-brain barrier, or increasing the "leakiness" of the
      blood-brain barrier. Aluminum enhanced the permeability of the blood-brain
      barrier to labelled prolactin, thyroxine, cortisol, growth hormone, N-Tyr-DSIP
      and rat luteinizing hormone, but not to labelled TSH, iodide, or human
      luteinizing hormone, a substance with an octanol coefficient markedly different
      from that of luteinizing hormone from the rat. Incubation of the peptide with
      aluminum before injection did not increase penetration, demonstrating that
      aluminum did not increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier by acting
      directly on the peptide. Aluminum, administered intraperitoneally, increased the
      accuracy of lipophilicity as a predictor of penetration of the blood-brain
      barrier, but the greatest increase in penetration was seen with thyroxine, a
      substance which crosses the blood-brain barrier by carrier-mediated
      transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022266
TI  - Effects of a depressant/convulsant pair of glutarimides on neuronal activity in
      the isolated spinal cord of the immature rat.
AB  - The effect of depressant/convulsant pair of glutarimides on the isolated spinal
      cord of the immature rat was examined using extracellular recording. At
      concentrations of 300 microM the depressant beta-butyl-beta-methyl glutarimide
      enhanced the response of motoneurones and dorsal root fibres to gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) while the convulsant bemegride (beta-ethyl-beta-methyl
      glutarimide) decreased both responses to GABA. At this concentration both the
      convulsant and depressant reduced mono- and polysynaptic reflex activity. Neither
      the convulsant or depressant had prominent direct actions, with only a small
      hyperpolarization being produced by both glutarimides on dorsal root fibres. The
      overall depressant or convulsant properties of these glutarimides may be due in
      part therefore to a differential effect on the postsynaptic action of the
      inhibitory transmitter GABA. Furthermore, the depressant glutarimide reduced the
      excitatory effects of L-glutamate and the convulsant reduced the inhibitory
      effects of glycine on spinal neurones; thus, actions on these transmitters may
      also contribute to the overall effects of these glutarimides.

PMID- 4022268
TI  - Cross tolerance between ketamine and morphine to some pharmacological and
      biochemical effects.
AB  - Whether morphine and ketamine induced cross-tolerance to some of their common
      pharmacological and biochemical effects, namely analgesia and enhancement of
      metabolites of dopamine (DA) in the striatum and limbic area of the rat was
      analysed. Ketamine was given at the dose of 100 mg/kg, twice a day for 8 days.
      After this treatment, a challenge dose of morphine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) still induced
      analgesia comparable to that induced by morphine alone, showing no cross
      tolerance to this effect. In contrast, the challenge dose of morphine given to
      ketamine-tolerant rats no longer enhanced metabolism of DA, indicating the
      appearance of cross-tolerance to this effect. A high degree of tolerance to
      morphine was obtained after the subcutaneous implantation of rats with pellets of
      morphine; a challenge dose of ketamine to morphine-tolerant rats induced marked
      analgesia, with no cross-tolerance to this pharmacological effect, while cross
      tolerance was present to the biochemical effect. The existence of a high degree
      of reciprocal cross-tolerance in both areas and on both metabolites of DA is
      consistent with the hypothesis of action at a common receptor; the lack of cross
      tolerance to the analgesic effect indicates that analgesia is achieved by a
      different mechanism for the two drugs.

PMID- 4022267
TI  - Exposure to nicotine enhances the behavioral stimulant effect of nicotine and
      increases binding of [3H]acetylcholine to nicotinic receptors.
AB  - Rats were given daily injections of nicotine sulfate in doses ranging from 0.1 to
      0.4 mg/kg. The behavioral effect of these injections was measured as locomotor
      activity in photocell cages. Repeated administration of the same dose to each rat
      resulted in an enhancement of the stimulant effect of nicotine. This enhanced
      behavioral effect was quite pronounced within 5 days of repeated injection.
      Tissue from the cerebral cortex of these rats, exposed to nicotine for 5 days,
      was assayed for binding of [3H]acetylcholine to nicotinic receptors. These
      relatively small doses of nicotine resulted in 18-26% increases in cortical
      nicotinic receptors, compared to saline-treated rats. Rats exposed to 0.2 mg/kg
      of nicotine for 5 days and then given saline for 7 days still showed an enhanced
      behavioral response to nicotine on the eighth day after exposure, and nicotinic
      binding in the cortex was still elevated. However, 21 days after exposure to
      nicotine both the behavioral response to nicotine and the binding values had
      returned to the same values as those of saline-treated rats. These data imply
      that increased binding of [3H]acetylcholine to nicotinic sites and the enhanced
      behavioral effect of nicotine are functionally linked.

PMID- 4022269
TI  - Lack of effect of 1-methylisoguanosine on sleep in rats.
AB  - The dose-response effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of 1
      methylisoguanosine (MIG) on sleep in rats were examined. Not even the largest
      dose (100 nmol/rat) of 1-methylisoguanosine produced significant hypnotic
      effects, whereas doses of 10 and 100 nmol/rat suppressed rapid eye movement sleep
      in rats. The only statistically significant effect of 1-methylisoguanosine on
      sleep latencies was an increase in the latency of S2 after
      intracerebroventricular administration of 100 nmol/rat of the drug. These effects
      of 1-methylisoguanosine on sleep were unlike those of both adenosine and the
      benzodiazepines, suggesting that, contrary to earlier speculations, 1
      methylisoguanosine does not interact with central adenosine or benzodiazepine
      receptors.

PMID- 4022271
TI  - Electrophysiologically recorded C-fiber reflexes in intact and acute decerebrate
      spinal cats: absence of naloxone facilitation in intact cats.
AB  - A C-fiber reflex was obtained from stimulating and recording electrodes attached
      respectively to the superficial peroneal and posterior biceps semitendinosus
      nerves in intact cats. Naloxone in a dose dependent manner increased
      vocalizations produced by nerve stimulation, but it did not facilitate the C
      fiber reflex in the intact cat. However, naloxone facilitated C-fiber reflexes in
      decerebrate-spinal cats under identical stimulating and recording conditions as
      used in the intact cat. It was concluded that naloxone causes increased
      nociception to cutaneous nerve stimulation in intact cats but for naloxone to
      facilitate the C-fiber reflex, removal of supraspinal control is necessary. Many
      C-fiber afferents transmit nociception to the CNS (Bessou and Perl, 1969).
      Electrical stimulation of the superficial peroneal nerve that activates C fibers
      produces a segmental reflex in the unanesthetized decerebrate-spinal cat (Koll,
      Hasse, Schutz and Muhlberg, 1963). This C-fiber reflex is manifested by a long
      latency discharge recorded from an ipsilateral L7 or S1 ventral root. The C-fiber
      reflex is considered nociceptive because only intense stimulation evokes it and
      morphine depresses it in doses lower than those that depress other spinal
      reflexes (Koll et al., 1963). Low doses of the opiate antagonists naloxone and
      naltrexone consistently facilitate the C-fiber reflex (Bell and Martin, 1977).
      These results support the hypothesis that released endogenous opioids inhibit the
      C-fiber reflex. However, the facilitative effects of the opiate antagonists could
      be confined to the decerebrate-spinal preparation where invasive experimental
      procedures (decerebration, dissection, etc.) may release endogenous
      opioids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022270
TI  - Effects of bath-applied GABA on the firing pattern of cells in an in vitro
      preparation of mammalian cerebral cortex.
AB  - The patterns of spontaneous firing recorded from 25 cells in slice preparations
      of rat cerebral cortex were characterised using inter-spike interval plots (ISI).
      Histograms of the ISI showed two peaks having modal values of 20 and 82ms,
      corresponding to episodes of high frequency bursts of action potentials, and a
      lower frequency, steady pattern of activity. Bath-applied GABA was shown to
      reversibly block the bursting activity, but had little effect on the lower
      frequency component. This effect of GABA could be abolished by the simultaneous
      application of bicuculline.

PMID- 4022272
TI  - Epileptogenic action of penicillin derivatives: structure-activity relationship.
AB  - In the hippocampal slice preparation, perfusion with benzyl penicillin evokes
      multiple population spikes and spontaneous discharges. Doses of 0.25 to 2 mM of
      the drug produced this effect within 20-40 min. Cleavage products and analogues
      of benzyl penicillin, penicilloic acid, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, cephalexin,
      thioproline and penicillamine, were devoid of such action. It is concluded that
      the structural requirements for epileptogenic action of penicillin include not
      only the beta-lactam ring and side chain substitution on C-6, but also the
      thiazolidine ring.

PMID- 4022273
TI  - Opiates and opioid peptides modify sensory evoked potentials and synaptic
      excitability in the rat dentate gyrus.
AB  - The effects of morphine and the synthetic opioid peptide D-Ala2-MePhe4-Met-O-ol
      enkephalin (FK 33-824) on averaged (AEPS) potentials evoked by a tone and
      extracellular synaptic potentials (EPSs) in the perforant path, recorded from the
      outer molecular layer (OM) of the dentate gyrus, were examined in rats trained to
      respond in an auditory discrimination task. Potentials evoked by a tone were
      systematically altered by both peripheral (intraperitoneal) and central
      (intracerebroventricular) administration of opioids. The short-latency negative
      (N1) component of the average evoked potential was increased in amplitude and the
      longer-latency negative (N2) component was decreased in amplitude by
      administration of opioids. At the same time, perforant path extracellular
      synaptic potentials were enhanced after administration of opioids. The changes in
      the average evoked potential and extracellular synaptic potentials in the
      perforant path were reversed by subsequent administration of naloxone. The
      significance of these results is discussed in terms of a possible role of
      endogenous opioid peptides in modulating the synaptic efficacy of the perforant
      path during the transmission of sensory information to the hippocampus from the
      entorhinal cortex.

PMID- 4022274
TI  - Adenosine antagonists. Lack of effect on the inhibition of kindled seizures in
      rats by carbamazepine.
AB  - This study investigates the ability of adenosine antagonists to reverse the
      anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine on amygdala-kindled seizures in order to
      elucidate the possible physiological relevance of the potent effects of
      carbamazepine on adenosine receptors. At large but subconvulsant doses, neither
      caffeine nor theophylline altered the anticonvulsant potency of carbamazepine,
      even though caffeine by itself significantly increased the duration of the
      kindled afterdischarge. The adenosine agonist cyclohexyladenosine (CHA),
      administered intraperitoneally at a dose that produced sedation, had no effect on
      the kindled seizures. Although carbamazepine potently displaces the binding of
      several adenosine ligands in vitro, the present data do not suggest that the
      anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine on amygdalakindled seizures are mediated
      by an adenosine agonist-like action.

PMID- 4022275
TI  - Adrenalectomy attenuates stimulation-produced analgesia.
AB  - Ablation of the adrenal glands potentiates analgesia induced by morphine and
      attenuates an opioid form of stress-induced analgesia. the adrenal cortex has
      been implicated in analgesia induced by morphine and enkephalin-like peptides in
      the adrenal medulla have been suggested to modulate stress-induced analgesia. The
      effect of adrenalectomy upon analgesia produced by stimulation of the brain has
      not been investigated. The present investigations demonstrated that
      antinociception (measured with the tail-flick test) from focal stimulation of the
      periaqueductal grey was attenuated or abolished after adrenal ablation. These
      results implicate adrenal hormones in the regulation of the endogenous pain
      inhibitory system in the brain.

PMID- 4022276
TI  - Comparison of imipramine-imipraminium in mice. To elucidate central or peripheral
      origin of effects of imipramine.
AB  - Imipramine hydrochloride shows effects in a battery of tests used for the
      screening of antidepressant drugs. The central origin of these pharmacological
      effects of imipramine has not been clearly established. Imipramine methiodide is
      a quaternary derivative of imipramine which does not cross the blood-brain
      barrier easily. The effects of the two forms of imipramine have been compared: on
      an effect known to have a central origin; on two effects known to have a
      peripheral origin; on a battery of tests used for the screening of antidepressant
      drugs. It has been demonstrated that imipramine methiodide is as active as
      imipramine hydrochloride on two effects of peripheral origin, less active than
      imipramine hydrochloride on an effect considered to have a central origin and
      less active than imipramine hydrochloride or inactive on the tests which are used
      for the screening of antidepressant drugs. Consequently, the tests used for the
      screening of antidepressant drugs represent, primarily or exclusively, effects of
      central origin.

PMID- 4022277
TI  - Interaction between the baroreflex and anterior hypothalamic stimulation.
      Demonstration of a noradrenergic involvement.
AB  - Cats, anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose, were used to investigate an
      interaction between the baroreceptor reflex and stimulation of the anterior
      hypothalamus (AH). In these cats, stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus gave
      autonomic responses that characterize the defense reaction. Stimulation of the
      anterior hypothalamus also interacted with the baroreceptor reflex without
      altering the effectiveness of the vasodepressor component of the reflex (induced
      by stimulation of the aortic nerves). However, in spinal cats the bradycardia
      component (induced by angiotensin at 0.097 nmol/kg pe min, i.v.) was inhibited by
      stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus and the inhibition was augmented by
      pretreatment with phentolamine (17.7 nmol) in the nucleus tractus solitarius
      (NTS). Pretreatment with phentolamine (17.7 nmol) in the nucleus tractus
      solitarius also reduced the sensitivity of the bradycardia component of the
      reflex and attenuated (3 and 6 nmol) the induced inhibition of the bradycardia
      induced by stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus. This attenuation induced by
      NE was abolished by pretreatment with phentolamine (17.7 nmol), but not by
      pretreatment with sotalol (16 nmol) or haloperidol (12 nmol) in the nucleus
      tractus solitarius. Additionally, NE was released from the nucleus tractus
      solitarius during activation of the baroreceptor and during stimulation of the
      anterior hypothalamus in cats with intact baroreceptor nerves, but not in
      baroreceptor-denervated cats. Moreover, the baroreceptor reflex attenuated the
      pressor response evoked by stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus, and also
      caused the release of NE from the anterior hypothalamus. At this site, injection
      of NE (3 and 6 nmol) attenuated the pressor response evoked by stimulation of the
      anterior hypothalamus and this attenuation was abolished by pretreatment with
      phentolamine (17.7 nmol), but not by pretreatment with sotalol (16 nmol) or
      haloperidol (12 nmol) in the anterior hypothalamus. It is concluded that NE
      participates at the nucleus tractus solitarius and the anterior hypothalamus as
      an attenuator in the interaction between the baroreflex and stimulation of nerve
      fibers in the anterior hypothalamus that mediate the defense reaction.

PMID- 4022278
TI  - Stability of the amino acid content of nerve endings after administration of
      gamma-aminobutyrate agonists and antagonists.
AB  - The administration of GABA agonists or antagonists to mice resulted in unchanged
      levels of aspartate, glutamate, GABA and taurine in nerve endings (synaptosomes).
      On the other hand, agonist-induced increases in the levels of some of the amino
      acids occurred in locations other than the nerve endings. The GABA agonist
      SL75102 inhibited in vitro uptake of D-aspartate into synaptosomes, thereby
      raising the possibility that a similar phenomenon may cause an in vivo
      redistribution of glutamate and aspartate in brain tissue.

PMID- 4022279
TI  - The subcellular distribution of peptides immunoreactive for the carboxyl-terminal
      extension of cholecystokinin in rat brain.
AB  - An antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide (D-10-Y) comprising the carboxyl
      terminal extension of cholecystokinin (CCK) detects several immunoreactive
      peptides, which were found to be widely distributed in rat brain (1). This
      article reports the subcellular distribution of these D-10-Y-like immunoreactive
      peptides in whole rat brain. Primary subcellular fractionation yielded a
      mitochondrial (P2) and microsomal (P3) fraction, both of which were enriched in D
      10-Y and CCK 8 peptide immunoreactivity. Further fractionation of P2 yielded a
      purified synaptosome fraction (P4) which was further enriched in D-10-Y and CCK 8
      like peptides. Whole rat brain contains two major molecular forms of D-10-Y-like
      immunoreactivity, one similar in size to CCK 33 (peak 1) and one slightly larger
      than CCK 8 (peak 2). In the P2 and P3 fractions, most of the D-10-Y-like
      immunoreactivity was similar in size to peak 2. It is likely that this D-10-Y
      like immunoreactive peptide is an intermediate in the processing of CCK 8, and
      its enrichment in nerve endings is consistent with the final cleavage and
      amidation reactions taking place in the nerve terminals.

PMID- 4022281
TI  - Neuropeptides differentially effect various forms of morphine tolerance.
AB  - Two different forms of tolerance to morphine were shown to develop. One form,
      environment dependent (ED), was associated with cues paired with the arrival of
      the drug. The second form of tolerance, environment independent (EI), was not
      dependent on any cues. ED tolerance was induced using a multiple injection model
      in which a cue (orange scent) preceeded each morphine injection (ip). After 12
      days the animals were tolerant to the i.p. injection. However if morphine was
      injected i.c.v. tolerance was no longer evident. EI tolerance was induced by a
      pellet implant method. These animals were tolerant to morphine regardless of the
      route of administration. Peptides arginine vasopressin (AVP) and cyclo (Leu-Gly)
      (cLG) were tested for their ability to alter tolerance. AVP was found to
      facilitate the development of ED tolerance but had no effect on EI tolerance. On
      the other hand cLG blocked the development of EI tolerance without affecting ED
      tolerance. The determination of brain morphine levels indicated that the ED
      tolerance produced by this method is dispositional while EI tolerance is
      functional.

PMID- 4022280
TI  - Oxytocin stimulates lordosis behavior in female rats.
AB  - Oxytocin, either intraperitoneally injected (200 ng/rat) or
      intracerebroventricularly infused (1 ng/rat in 4 microliters saline) 60 and 15
      min respectively before testing, significantly increased the lordosis response to
      the mounting male of ovariectomized, estrogen/progesterone treated rats. The
      intracerebroventricular infusion of oxytocin 0.1 ng/rat had no effect; nor did
      saline. These results indicate that oxytocin increases female receptivity, the
      site of action probably being in the central nervous system.

PMID- 4022282
TI  - Postoperative extradural hematoma associated with induced hypertension.
AB  - We describe a patient who developed a delayed postoperative hematoma while
      receiving hypertensive therapy for delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysm
      operation. The association between delayed extradural hematoma and induced
      hypertension has not been described previously.

PMID- 4022283
TI  - Surgical considerations in the initial repair of meningomyelocele and the
      introduction of a technical modification.
AB  - Tethering of the spinal cord has been increasingly recognized as a cause of late
      deterioration in the child with repaired meningomyelocele. Findings at
      reoperation include dense arachnoiditis, dermal inclusion cysts, fibrolipoma of
      the filum terminale, and, on occasion, foreign body granulomas. This article
      reviews four key steps in meningomyelocele repair and the guidelines for
      detection of surgically remediable lesions associated with this disorder. In
      addition, it proposes a modification of the standard dural closure that may
      reduce the incidence of contributory adhesive arachnoiditis by the creation of a
      capacious cerebrospinal fluid space about the neural plaque.

PMID- 4022284
TI  - Primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - Primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma is rare. Twenty-one cases with dismal
      outcomes have been reported. We add five children with this disease treated
      between 1977 and 1982. Their therapy consisted of surgical resection,
      craniospinal irradiation, and intravenous-intrathecal chemotherapy. Two children
      have recovered, 21 and 67 months after diagnosis; the last is the longest
      survival reported in the literature. Two succumbed to tumor recurrence, and one
      died due to pulmonary embolism. The posterior fossa was invariably a site of
      tumor at presentation. Diagnosis with light microscopy can be elusive; electron
      microscopic and immunohistochemical evaluation are necessary to confirm the
      pathological condition. This is essential so that early, aggressive therapy can
      be instituted. These diagnostic and therapeutic techniques have led to a
      reevaluation of this malignancy and its prognosis.

PMID- 4022285
TI  - Severe hypophosphatemia after head injury.
AB  - Hypophosphatemia occurs in a variety of clinical conditions. It develops in
      parallel with phosphate depletion from body losses or more commonly as a sequel
      to the redistribution of phosphate from the extracellular to the intracellular
      compartment. Hypophosphatemia is a multisystem disturbance capable of involving
      the neurological, immunological, and muscular systems, among others. In this
      report, we describe five patients with severe head injury who developed marked
      hypophosphatemia (less than 1 mg/dl) within 24 hours of hospitalization. This
      fall in serum phosphate coincided with the induction of respiratory alkalosis
      consequent to mechanical ventilation. In four of the five patients, as acid-base
      parameters returned to normal, serum phosphate values rose, in all instances
      reaching values greater than 2.5 mg/dl. Urinary phosphorus excretion, ordinarily
      negligible after hypophosphatemia induced by hypocapnia, was still present in
      Cases 1 and 4 (greater than 600 mg/24 hours). This is unexplained by any of the
      known hormonal or fluid alterations that accompany head injury. These five
      patients developed severe, yet transient, hypophosphatemia that resolved upon
      correction of hyperventilation-induced acid-base abnormalities. We discuss the
      pathophysiology of this entity and the implications for the head trauma patient.

PMID- 4022286
TI  - Subtle neuropsychological deficits in patients with good recovery after closed
      head injury.
AB  - This study demonstrates residual mental deficits in patients who have apparently
      recovered after closed head injury. Twenty closed head injury patients were
      compared to 20 normal control subjects matched for age, sex, handedness,
      education, language, and IQ. All received a series of neuropsychological tests.
      Discriminant function analysis significantly differentiated the two groups.
      Correct classification of individuals as having suffered a head injury or not was
      85%. The head injury patients did have primary impairment on tests of divided
      attention. Litigation was not a factor. We propose that this impairment of
      information processing reflects residual brain damage secondary to the closed
      head injury.

PMID- 4022287
TI  - The "hyperacute" extraaxial intracranial hematoma: computed tomographic findings
      and clinical significance.
AB  - Thirteen patients with acute subdural and epidural hematomas were found to have
      fresh, unclotted blood at the time of surgical decompression several hours after
      injury. Computed tomographic (CT) scans of these patients demonstrated areas of
      hyperdensity, corresponding to clotted hematoma, admixed with areas of
      isodensity, corresponding to liquid blood. Active bleeding from identifiable loci
      was found in 11 patients, 4 of whom had massive hemorrhages. Clotting
      abnormalities ranging from slightly elevated laboratory test results to a full
      blown clinical picture of disseminated intravascular coagulation occurred in 8
      patients. We describe the CT pictures of these "hyperacute" lesions, and we
      postulate that such CT presentations indicate either the presence of ongoing
      active intracranial bleeding or the onset of a coagulopathy complicating the
      management of these lesions.

PMID- 4022288
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and hydrocephalus after experimental subarachnoid
      hemorrhage.
AB  - The effects of three sequential injections of cisternal blood on ventricular
      size, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, CSF formation rate, and CSF absorption
      rate were evaluated in adult rabbits. Autologous blood was injected into the
      cisterna magna on Days 1, 4, and 8 and ventriculocisternal perfusion was done on
      Day 15. Control animals received artificial CSF injection at these intervals. For
      each rabbit, the mean CSF pressure was higher after three injections of blood
      than before: 13 animals after blood injection had a mean CSF pressure of 15.59 +/
      1.15 cm H2O (mean +/- SE); before blood injection, their pressure had been 11.14
      +/- 1.43 cm H2O (all figures are means +/- SE). This is a significant increase in
      pressure (P less than 0.01, paired t-test). Further, the 13 rabbits with
      cisternal blood injection had a significantly higher CSF pressure than 5 control
      animals: 15.59 +/- 1.15 vs. 10.50 +/- 1.06 cm H2O. The animals with cisternal
      blood injection all developed some degree of hydrocephalus; the ventricle to
      brain percentage ratio was 9.84 +/- 0.56 in blood-injected animals and 2.38 +/-
      0.21 in control animals (P less than 0.01, two-tailed t-test). CSF formation and
      absorption rates were not significantly different after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
      The CSF formation rates were 9.85 +/- 1.8 microliter/minute in the experimental
      group and 9.53 +/- 1.9 microliter/minute in the control group; CSF absorption at
      the animal's opening pressure was 13.30 +/- 2.06 microliter/minute in the animals
      with cisternal blood injection and 9.97 +/- 2.4 microliter/minute in the control
      animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022289
TI  - Intraventricular morphine in paraneoplastic painful syndrome of the cervicofacial
      region: experience in thirty-eight cases.
AB  - The authors report their personal experience with the administration of
      microdoses of morphine hydrochloride by the intraventricular route through a
      subcutaneous reservoir for the treatment of paraneoplastic painful syndrome of
      the cervicofacial region in 38 patients. The results obtained are very
      encouraging.

PMID- 4022290
TI  - Validity of measurements of cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance estimated by
      the bolus injection method.
AB  - Estimation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow resistance (Ro) using a bolus
      injection method was carried out under normal conditions and in a state of
      artificially increased elastance produced by saline loading into the CSF space.
      These values of Ro were compared with Ro estimated by the steady state infusion
      method. Saline loading into the subarachnoid space decreased the buffering
      capacity significantly, as represented by the pressure-volume index (PVI), which
      was lowered from 0.72 ml under normal conditions of 0.56 ml during saline
      loading. The estimated values of Ro under normal conditions and during saline
      loading were 90.6 and 133.6 mm Hg/ml/minute, respectively. The steady state
      infusion method yielded an Ro value of 166.3 mm Hg/ml/minute. Ro was therefore
      considerably underestimated by the bolus method when used under normal conditions
      of resting intracranial pressure. Moreover, its error was bigger when Ro was
      higher. On the other hand, during the course of saline loading, the estimated
      value of Ro using the bolus method was not significantly different from that
      estimated by the steady state infusion method, even in the higher range of Ro.
      Estimation of Ro by the bolus injection method was more reliable when the
      buffering capacity of the craniospinal space was reduced.

PMID- 4022291
TI  - Cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex and sphenoidal sinus: a case report.
AB  - A case of a cholesterol granuloma located in the petrous apex and eroding into
      the sphenoidal sinus is reported. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to occur when
      pneumatized cells in the temporal bone become obstructed. Although usually
      occurring in the middle ear, it can occur in the petrous apex. The diagnosis and
      surgical management are discussed.

PMID- 4022292
TI  - Hydromyelia complicating Apert's syndrome: a case report.
AB  - A 7-year-old boy with Apert's syndrome and hydrocephalus presented with scoliosis
      and lower extremity weakness. Neuroradiological evaluation demonstrated bony
      abnormalities involving the foramen magnum and a markedly hydromyelic spinal
      cord. Clinical improvement followed posterior fossa decompression and a myelotomy
      on the caudal conus medullaris. A possible role of the craniofacial anomaly in
      the pathogenesis of the hydromyelia is discussed.

PMID- 4022293
TI  - Metastatic meningioma to cervical vertebra: case report.

PMID- 4022294
TI  - Anterointernal approach to the lumbar spine: technical note.
AB  - Lumbar surgery is currently benefiting from the development of anterior
      approaches to the spine and the possibilities of anterior arthrodesis. The
      transperitoneal approach is being replaced more often by an extraperitoneal
      approach that enables anterior access to the spine. The authors report an
      anterointernal approach to the lumbar spine.

PMID- 4022295
TI  - Posttraumatic meningioma.
AB  - This report concerns three patients with intracranial meningioma developing at
      the site of an old head injury with skull fracture. These cases, along with
      literature reports, suggest a causal relationship between head trauma and the
      subsequent development of meningioma.

PMID- 4022296
TI  - Multiple intracranial arteriovenous malformations: case report.
AB  - The authors describe a case of multiple supratentorial intracranial arteriovenous
      malformations in a patient with a family history of cerebrovascular disease.
      There was no sign of any other vascular dysplasia. A brief review of this rare
      entity is given.

PMID- 4022297
TI  - Use of acrylic in anterior cervical discectomy: technical note.
AB  - Acrylic was inserted into the intervertebral space after anterior cervical
      discectomy in five patients. The application of the acrylic was simple and quick
      to perform and atraumatic to the patient. The intervertebral space was preserved
      satisfactorily and consistently in all five patients. With this technique, the
      complications associated with bone grafts can be avoided.

PMID- 4022298
TI  - Multiple unusual aneurysms and arteriovenous malformation in a single patient: a
      case report.
AB  - A patient with multiple unusual aneurysms and an arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
      is presented. Aneurysms involving the meningohypophyseal trunk and the feeding
      vessel of the AVM were observed. Two additional aneurysms assumed a pantaloon
      appearance. The largest aneurysm was responsible for the patient's subarachnoid
      hemorrhage. This aneurysm and two adjacent aneurysms were clipped successfully,
      and the patient made an uneventful recovery. Subsequent angiography revealed a
      stable appearance of the remaining aneurysms and AVM.

PMID- 4022299
TI  - Parietal hemineglect and motor deficits in the monkey.
AB  - To study the parietal hemineglect syndrome, we trained and operated nine Macaca
      fasicularis monkeys. Contralateral to the lesion they showed response
      abnormalities to visual and somatic sensory stimuli, and misreaching toward
      targets in visual space, abberant finger and wrist postures and lack of pincer
      grasp. The latter did not appear during performance of a preoperatively practised
      task, nor depend for severity upon lesion size, whereas sensory response
      abnormalities did. We conclude that abnormal motor patterns are separable from
      hemineglect in parietal animals, and are worst when the movement is directed to a
      visual target in extrapersonal space.

PMID- 4022300
TI  - Enhanced dual task performance following corpus commissurotomy in humans.
AB  - A commissurotomy patient and two neurologically intact control observers were
      required to encode spatial patterns presented concurrently to the two hemifields.
      Under conditions of maximal perceptual load, in which different patterns appeared
      in the two fields, the commissurotomy patient encoded more information than the
      control observers. Based on these findings, it is concluded that competition for
      common internal processing mechanisms interferes with overall processing
      efficiency.

PMID- 4022301
TI  - Reaction times to lateralized visual stimuli in callosal agenesis: stimulus and
      response factors.
AB  - A young acallosal man was intensively tested in a standard simple reaction time
      (RT) paradigm using briefly-presented lateralized spots for light. In Experiment
      1, findings on previous acallosal patients of a large disadvantage for crossed
      (e.g. right hemifield-left hand) as against uncrossed (e.g. left hemifield-left
      hand) RTs were replicated. This crossed-uncrossed difference (CUD), as in
      previous work, turned out to be smaller in a bimanual response task than in the
      conventional unimanual task. Experiment 2 was a factorial study of unimanual RTs
      in which (a) stimulus intensity and (b) spatial S-R compatibility, were varied.
      As in a previously tested patient, decreased intensity resulted in a greatly
      increased CUD. S-R compatibility on the other hand had no effect on CUD. The
      results are interpreted as favouring a role for visual commissural neurones in
      the acallosal CUD, and as evidence against a spatial compatibility hypothesis.

PMID- 4022302
TI  - Neuropsychological patterns of presenile and senile dementia of the Alzheimer
      type.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with a presumptive diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer
      type were divided into presenile and senile groups according to the age at which
      they first received a clinical diagnosis. Although there were no differences in
      mental status, dementia rating, or chronicity of disease, multivariate analyses
      of WAIS subtests revealed the presenile subjects to be relatively impaired on
      Performance subtests. Univariate tests of Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ
      measures were significantly lower in the presenile group. There was no group
      effect detected for Digits forward, adjusted for age differences based upon
      performance of 40 age-matched controls, while the presenile group performed
      significantly more poorly on backward span. Further, significant differences were
      detected for an embedded figure task, as well as graphomotor speed. These data
      suggest that patients who develop a degenerative dementia during the presenile
      period are more impaired than their senile counterparts on age-adjusted measures
      of sustained concentration and mental tracking.

PMID- 4022303
TI  - Cognitive risk-taking after frontal or temporal lobectomy--I. The synthesis of
      fragmented visual information.
AB  - Patients with unilateral cerebral excisions and control subjects performed two
      visual tasks in which target items had to be guessed on the basis of partial
      information. In one task, no points were at stake, but in the second, each
      cumulatively provided clue was assigned successively lower point-value, these
      points being risked whenever the subject responded. The right fronto-temporal
      group chose to guess more often after seeing only one clue than any other group.
      The right temporal-lobe group and both frontal-lobe groups were impaired at
      synthesizing the fragmented line-drawings, with patients in the frontal-lobe
      groups making the most perceptual errors.

PMID- 4022304
TI  - Cognitive risk-taking after frontal or temporal lobectomy--II. The synthesis of
      phonemic and semantic information.
AB  - Patients with unilateral cerebral excisions and control subjects performed two
      tasks in which target words had to be guessed on the basis of either phonemic or
      semantic partial-information clues. Each cumulatively provided clue was assigned
      successively lower point-value, these points being risked whenever the subject
      responded. Patients with frontal-lobe excisions chose to make a guess after
      seeing only one clue more often than did a combined group of subjects without
      frontal-lobe damage, but this guessing-score was also related to extent of right
      temporal-lobe removal. Patients with left temporal-lobe or left frontal-lobe
      lesions had difficulty solving the verbal clues, occasionally failing to
      recognize that a response generated in the context of one clue satisfied all the
      clues.

PMID- 4022305
TI  - Information processing deficits in Parkinson's disease during movement.
AB  - The capacity to process information during movement selection and execution was
      studied in Parkinsonian patients and controls in a task involving movement of a
      hand-held stylus between two targets whose size and separation could be
      systematicaly varied. Movement time and accuracy were evaluated when the size and
      required accuracy of movements were changed to modify movement difficulty.
      Movement time and inaccuracy of patients with Parkinson's disease were
      exaggerated by increasing target separation so as to increase movement extent
      (target size held constant) or by decreasing target size (target separation held
      constant). The fact that these changes in task difficulty caused greater
      deterioration of performance for patients than for controls is consistent with
      previous studies indicating that Parkinsonian patients have deficits in executing
      high-velocity movements. These data also show that performance deficits by
      Parkinsonian patients can be brought out by increasing movement difficulty
      through requiring increased movement accuracy. These findings are interpreted in
      relation to the relative contribution of deficits in movement execution vs motor
      programming in the motor disorders of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 4022306
TI  - Classification of reading disability in a case of congenital brain damage.
AB  - The reading and spelling abilities of an 18-yr-old spastic quadriparetic cerebral
      palsied female patient are studied in detail. Reading and spelling errors are
      related to performance on several neuropsychological tests. The patient's reading
      disability is compared to that found in both developmental and acquired dyslexia.
      Some similarities are shown to various developmental dyslexia subtypes who are
      impaired in visual perception or rely upon left hemisphere based reading
      strategies. She also is somewhat like the acquired dyslexia cases classified as
      either surface or visual dyslexics. The most salient characteristic of her
      reading is the degree to which both visual and auditory factors prevent the
      acquisition of advanced skills.

PMID- 4022307
TI  - Motor correlates of dichotic listening asymmetries in children.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive relation between
      incidence of unintended motor overflow and degree of asymmetry on a dichotic word
      identification task in children. Seventy-eight third grade girls and 67 fifth
      grade boys were seen longitudinally over a 2-yr period. Among girls, incidence of
      overflow, primarily contralateral, accounted for nearly 20% of the variance in
      dichotic listening scores; but the results were not reliable for boys. The
      findings support the contention that suppression of the non-dominant hemisphere
      is an important mechanism underlying dichotic listening performance.

PMID- 4022308
TI  - An association between hand preference and tactile discrimination performance in
      the rhesus monkey.
AB  - Seventy-eight rhesus monkeys spontaneously using the left hand learnt a tactile
      discrimination task in significantly fewer trials than 77 monkeys using the right
      hand; but 82 monkeys without consistent preferences learnt significantly faster
      than either group with consistent preferences.

PMID- 4022309
TI  - Language dominance: correlation of radiological and functional data.
AB  - Morphological asymmetry of the posterior sylvian region was measured in carotid
      arteriograms of patients with medically refractory seizures. Anatomical asymmetry
      correlated with ear superiority on dichotic listening tests.

PMID- 4022310
TI  - Bisecting rods and lines: effects of horizontal and vertical posture on left-side
      underestimation by normal subjects.
AB  - In Experiment I normal subjects performed the classical clinical line-bisection
      task, and demonstrated a left-side underestimation. In Experiment II subjects
      maintained fixation upon a central position and adjusted a rod passing through
      this fixation point so that both extremities were judged equal. The left-side
      underestimation was very much greater under these conditions, but was
      considerably reduced when retinal and gravitational coordinates were dissociated
      by making the subjects lie horizontally on one or other side. Subjects then
      demonstrated greater left-side and top-half underestimation when lying on the
      left than on the right side. Gravitational coordinates and the apparent locus of
      events in extrapersonal space are determinants of perceptual asymmetries at least
      as important as anatomical connectivities.

PMID- 4022311
TI  - S-R compatibility effect or cerebral laterality effect? Comments on a
      controversy.
AB  - This article investigates the role played by misleading terminology in the
      origins of a recent controversy about the nature of stimulus-response
      compatibility effects.

PMID- 4022312
TI  - Dissociated hemispheric superiorities for reading stenography vs print.
AB  - In two lateralized tachistoscopic lexical decision experiments at different
      exposure durations, we found for high-frequency function words written in
      stenography a shift from a RVF advantage at long exposures to a LVF advantage at
      short exposures, while for the same words written in print a strong RVF effect
      persisted. We suggest that a reduction of exposure duration, together with the
      strong visuo-spatial features in stenography, activate right-hemispheric word
      recognition. Stenography, a non-orthographic and syllabic-ideographic writing
      system, could be a model to investigate different hemispheric reading processes
      in Western subjects.

PMID- 4022313
TI  - The sex difference in dichotic listening: multiple negative findings.
AB  - Verbal dichotic listening tests were administered to 477 normal, right-handed
      adults in five consecutive experiments. None of the five separate analyses
      yielded a significant sex difference in degree of ear asymmetry, nor was a
      significant difference found when data were pooled. Supplemental analyses
      provided some evidence of a sex difference among subjects without familial
      sinistrality. Nonetheless, subjects' sex accounts for a very small proportion of
      the total variance in ear asymmetry.

PMID- 4022314
TI  - Psychogenic forms of epilepsy.

PMID- 4022315
TI  - Structural organization indexes of some cortical formations in the left and right
      hemispheres of the human brain.

PMID- 4022316
TI  - State of the nonspecific brain systems during cerebral autonomic neurovascular
      crises and neurogenic syncope.

PMID- 4022317
TI  - State of intercortical connections after cranial-cerebral trauma with injury to
      the lower parietal lobe.

PMID- 4022319
TI  - The speech syndrome and its dynamics in patients after ischemic stroke.

PMID- 4022318
TI  - Compressed spectral analysis of the EEG in patients with acute cerebrovascular
      disturbance.

PMID- 4022320
TI  - Interhemispheric functional relations in patients with chronic alcoholism.

PMID- 4022321
TI  - Interhemispheric relations in patients with chronic alcoholism.

PMID- 4022322
TI  - Effect of hyperventilation on depression of the EEG alpha-rhythm induced by an
      imagined visual sensation.

PMID- 4022323
TI  - Disturbances of verbal memory in local lesions of the left and right cerebral
      hemispheres.

PMID- 4022324
TI  - Calculation disturbances in the clinical picture of local brain lesions.

PMID- 4022325
TI  - Ultrastructure of nerve tissue on experimental brain injuries in animals with
      increased immunobiological reactivity of the body on action of some desensitizing
      preparations.

PMID- 4022326
TI  - Changes in the time required for a simple motor response of the hand in patients
      with craniocerebral injuries.

PMID- 4022327
TI  - Frontal cortex projections to the amygdaloid central nucleus in the rabbit.
AB  - Evidence has recently been presented which demonstrates that the amygdaloid
      central nucleus projects directly upon cardiovascular/autonomic regulatory nuclei
      of the dorsal medulla and that in the rabbit this nucleus may influence
      cardiovascular activity during emotional states. The present study is one of a
      series of investigations designed to provide information on the innervation of
      the central nucleus in the rabbit and describes the topography and origin of
      frontal cortex projections to the nucleus based upon retrograde and anterograde
      axonal transport techniques. Injections of horseradish peroxidase or the
      fluorescent dyes, Bisbenzimide or Nuclear Yellow, into the central nucleus
      resulted in abundant numbers of retrogradely labeled neurons in three regions of
      the frontal cortex: the insular cortex on the lateral surface and areas 25 and 32
      on the medial surface of the hemisphere. The majority of labeled neurons in the
      insular cortex were located in layer V of the dorsal and posterior agranular
      insular regions, although labeled neurons were observed in layer V of the
      granular insular cortex as well as in layers II and III of the posterior
      agranular insular cortex. Labeled neurons in areas 25 and 32 were located
      throughout all layers and the total number of these neurons was substantially
      less than that observed in the insular cortex. Autoradiographic experiments in
      which amino acids were injected into the insular cortex resulted in a dense
      pattern of transported label within the central nucleus that extended rostrally
      into the sublenticular substantia innominata and lateral component of the bed
      nucleus of the stria terminalis. Label was also observed in the cortical,
      lateral, basolateral and basomedial amygdaloid nuclei. In contrast to the
      projections from the insular cortex, amino acid injections into areas 25 and 32
      resulted in only relatively light labeling within the most rostral region of the
      central nucleus; otherwise the nucleus was partially encapsulated and virtually
      devoid of label. These results suggest that the insular cortex possesses the
      potential to directly influence the central nucleus projection to
      cardiovascular/autonomic regulatory nuclei of the dorsal medulla and thus,
      together with the amygdaloid central nucleus, appears to be an important
      component of a forebrain system involved in cardiovascular/autonomic regulation.

PMID- 4022328
TI  - Vasopressin- and neurophysin-immunoreactive neurons in the septal region, medial
      amygdala and locus coeruleus in colchicine-treated rats.
AB  - The distribution and morphology of neurons containing vasopressin, oxytocin and
      their associated neurophysins were examined immunohistochemically in rats given
      intracerebroventricular injections of colchicine. Under these conditions,
      numerous neurons containing vasopressin and neurophysin were found in several
      brain areas in addition to those previously described in the hypothalamus.
      Individual parvocellular vasopressin neurons were scattered in the medial and
      lateral septum and vertical limb of the nucleus of the diagonal band, while a
      large number of such neurons were found throughout both the bed nucleus of the
      stria terminals and the dorsal portion of the medial amygdala. In addition a
      small cluster of parvocellular vasopressin neurons was present adjacent to the
      top of the third ventricle in the posterior dorsal hypothalamic area and a number
      of such neurons were found in the ventral locus coeruleus and sub coeruleus. The
      mean diameters of these parvocellular vasopressin neurons ranged from 16.6 to
      19.8 micron in the different regions, in contrast to the 25.4 micron mean
      diameter of hypothalamic magnocellular vasopressin neurons, or the 13.7 micron
      mean diameter of parvocellular vasopressin neurons in the suprachiasmatic
      nucleus. No vasopressin neurons were found in other brain and spinal cord regions
      under the conditions used in this study, although all regions were examined. No
      oxytocin neurons other than those previously described in the hypothalamus and
      immediately contiguous regions were found. Measurement of the mean diameter of
      oxytocin neurons showed that neurons in the caudal paraventricular nucleus were
      clearly smaller (18.9 micron) than magnocellular oxytocin neurons (24.8 micron)
      in other parts of the hypothalamus. These parvocellular oxytocin neurons with
      experimentally documented central connections were similar in both size and
      appearance to the parvocellular vasopressin neurons seen after colchicine
      treatment, which are potential sources of certain central vasopressin pathways.
      These findings indicate that there are at least two types of oxytocin neurons in
      the hypothalamus and several types of vasopressin neurons in a variety of
      different areas in the brain, many of which are outside of the hypothalamus.

PMID- 4022329
TI  - Cholinergic influences on hippocampal glucose metabolism.
AB  - 2-Deoxy-D-[3H]glucose autoradiography was employed to investigate the effects of
      acute cholinergic manipulations on hippocampal glucose metabolism. In general,
      manipulations designed to reduce cholinergic activity (medial septal ablation,
      atropine treatment) reduced hippocampal glucose metabolism. Maximal decrements
      were found in the terminal fields of the septohippocampal projection after medial
      septal lesions, while maximal deficits after atropine treatment correlated with
      muscarinic receptor binding. Electrical stimulation of the medial septum resulted
      in increased glucose utilization in some terminal fields of the septohippocampal
      projection and decreased utilization in the terminal fields of the perforant
      pathway. Our data clearly indicate that acute alterations in cholinergic activity
      can affect hippocampal glucose metabolism but the distribution, direction and
      degree of these changes is dependent on the specific treatment.

PMID- 4022330
TI  - Topographic organization of the cerebellothalamic projections in the rat. An
      autoradiographic study.
AB  - The topographical organization of the subnuclear projections towards the thalamus
      was studied with autographic methods in adult Wistar rats. The four cerebellar
      deep nuclei give rise to projections to the ventral region of the rostral
      thalamus. Most of the fibers end contralaterally, according to a topographical
      pattern; however, some fibers from each of the cerebellar nuclei recross the
      midline at the thalamic level and terminate ipsilaterally, within regions
      symmetric to those receiving the densest contralateral projection. These
      ipsilateral cerebellothalamic components arise in decreasing order from the
      caudal nucleus lateralis, the ventrocaudal nucleus medialis and the nucleus
      interpositus, respectively. The projections of the nucleus lateralis directed to
      the contralateral thalamus are topographically organized. (1) Within the nucleus
      ventralis lateralis, the rostral and caudal parts of the cerebellar nucleus
      lateralis project respectively to rostral and caudal regions; lateral and medial
      zones of the nucleus lateralis project, respectively, to medial and central
      aspects of the nucleus ventralis lateralis. (2) The nucleus ventralis medialis
      and particularly its caudal portion appears to receive the bulk of its afferents
      from the ventromedial portion of the nucleus lateralis including the "subnucleus
      lateralis parvocellularis". (3) The nucleus centralis lateralis receives fibers
      from most parts of the nucleus lateralis including the "dorsolateral hump". (4)
      The nucleus interpositus anterior projects to the dorsomedial aspect of the
      rostral nucleus ventralis lateralis. In the latter nucleus, the ventrolateral
      aspect of the central region receives projections in cases in which the nucleus
      interpositus posterior is largely involved. A particular emphasis is put on the
      different projections from the various subnuclear regions of the lateral nucleus.
      A comparison is attempted with the situation in the primates, particularly with
      regard to the question of the parvocellular subdivision of the lateral nucleus.

PMID- 4022331
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the topographical organization of olivocerebellar
      projections in the rat.
AB  - The inferior olivary projection to anterior and posterior regions of the
      cerebellar vermis was studied in the rat using the retrograde fluorescent double
      labelling technique in combination with a computerized data collection system. A
      technique for quantifying and statistically analysing the point-to-point (or
      nucleotopic) organization of the projection is presented. It was found that one
      group of neurones in the medial accessory olivary nucleus projected to cerebellar
      lobules 6 or 7, and second group projected to lobules 4 or 5, while a third sent
      collaterals to both areas. In the rostral part of the nucleus these three groups
      were spatially separated (P less than 0.05), whereas caudally they were
      intermingled. It is concluded that a double-labelling method has distinct
      advantages over a single-tracer technique (such as horseradish peroxidase) in the
      investigation of the topographic organization of neuronal projections.
      Quantitative analysis is used here to overcome the problems presented by
      collateralization, inter-animal variation and the accurate representation of
      results from a series of animals.

PMID- 4022332
TI  - The mormyrid brainstem--II. The medullary electromotor relay nucleus: an
      ultrastructural horseradish peroxidase study.
AB  - The medullary relay nucleus of the mormyrid weakly electric fish Gnathonemus
      petersii is a stage in the command pathway for the electric organ discharge. It
      receives input from the presumed command or pacemaker nucleus and projects to the
      electromotoneurons in the spinal cord. Its fine structure and synaptology were
      investigated by electron microscopy. The origin of the terminals contacting the
      cell membrane of the neurons of this nucleus was determined by horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) injections into different brain structures, namely into the
      bulbar command- and mesencephalic command-associated nuclei. Twenty-five to
      thirty large cells of about 45 micron in diameter constitute the medullary
      electromotor relay. Each cell has a kidney-shaped, lobulated nucleus, a large
      myelinated axon with a short initial segment and several long, richly arborizing
      primary dendrites. Many, if not all, cells are interconnected with large
      somatosomatic or dendrosomatic, dendrodendritic and dendroaxonic gap junctions.
      These junctions often occur in serial or triadic arrangements. The relay cells
      receive large club endings as well as small boutons. The club endings are found
      mainly on the soma and primary dendrites and are morphologically mixed synapses.
      The boutons are characterized by synapses which are only chemical and are
      distributed all over the cell membrane, but with a definitely higher frequency on
      secondary dendrites and more distal parts of dendritic processes. Horseradish
      peroxidase injections into the mesencephalic command-associated nucleus reveal a
      large number of labelled boutons on the secondary dendrites of the relay cells.
      Injections into the bulbar command-associated nucleus label the same type of
      boutons as mesencephalic injections, but also label club endings on relay cell
      soma and primary dendrites. The results support the conclusion made on the basis
      of previous light microscopical observations that boutons originate from the
      bulbar command-associated nucleus, whereas the club endings issue from the
      presumed pacemaker nucleus (nucleus c). The club endings of the bifurcating axons
      of this nucleus are labelled by retro- and anterograde transport of horseradish
      peroxidase; the bifurcating axons project simultaneously to the bulbar command
      associated nucleus and the medullary relay nucleus.

PMID- 4022333
TI  - The mormyrid brainstem--III. Ultrastructure and synaptic organization of the
      medullary "pacemaker" nucleus.
AB  - The ultrastructure and synaptic organization of the presumed medullary pacemaker
      nucleus, nucleus c of the weakly electric mormyrid fish, Gnathonemus petersii has
      been investigated. Nucleus c consists of about 12-15 small (20-25 micron)
      neurones (P-cells), which form a group situated ventrally to the medullary relay
      nucleus and embedded in a neuropil of myelinated fibres and dendritic processes.
      The P-cells often exhibit an enhanced electron density of their cytoplasm and
      dendroplasm. They possess several dendrites of different diameter, a short, thin
      axon initial segment and a thickly myelinated axon running in dorsal direction.
      The pacemaker neurons are interconnected by complex electronic coupling,
      established by somatosomatic, dendrosomatic and dendrodendritic gap junctions.
      Perikarya and dendrites are frequently interconnected serially by gap junctions;
      dendrites showed sometimes triadic gap-junction arrangement. It is suggested that
      this high degree of electrotonic coupling amongst the pacemaker cells represents
      the first level of the highly ordered synchronization processes which
      characterize the electric discharge command system of Gnathonemus. Pacemaker
      cells receive synaptic input from club endings with mixed synapses and from
      bouton-like terminals with chemical synapses, both of them originating from
      medium-sized myelinated fibres and contacting mainly neuronal perikarya and
      dendritic processes. The axon initial segment receives only few synaptic inputs.
      Bouton-like terminals were found to be of two types according to their vesicle
      content, namely, boutons with ovoid, clear synaptic vesicles forming Gray type-1
      synapses and boutons with pleomorphic clear synaptic vesicles forming Gray type-2
      synapses. Different functional roles for the two types of boutons in modulating
      pacemaker cell activity are suggested.

PMID- 4022334
TI  - Topographic principles in the spinal projections of serotonergic and non
      serotonergic brainstem neurons in the rat.
AB  - The spinal projections from the raphe-associated brainstem areas containing
      serotonergic neurons were studied with aldehyde-induced fluorescence in
      combination with the retrograde fluorescent tracer True Blue in the rat. This
      technique makes it possible to determine simultaneously the projections of
      individual neurons and to detect whether serotonin is present in the same
      neurons. After tracer injections into the spinal cord retrogradely labeled
      serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons were found in the medullary raphe
      nuclei and adjacent regions and to a lesser extent in association with the dorsal
      and median raphe nuclei in the mesencephalon. Large True Blue injections that
      covered one side of the spinal cord at mid-cervical level labeled about 60% of
      the ipsilaterally situated serotonergic neurons in the medullary raphe regions
      while the corresponding figure contralaterally was about 25%. On both sides a
      larger number of labeled non-serotonergic neurons were found; these were
      sometimes located dorsal to, but often intermingled with, the serotonergic cells.
      While the serotonergic projection from the mesencephalon could not be labeled
      from injections below cervical levels, the labeling in more caudal brainstem
      regions exhibited only minor variations depending on the rostrocaudal level of
      the spinal segment injected. Furthermore, quantitative data from injections at
      different levels indicate that the majority of the spinal-projecting neurons
      traverse most of the length of the cord. Summarizing the results obtained from
      small injections restricted to subregions of the cord we feel that it is possible
      to distinguish three fairly distinct pathways for spinal projections from the
      medullary raphe and adjacent regions: The dorsal pathway originates mainly from
      cells in the caudal pons and rostral medulla oblongata (rostral part of nucleus
      raphe magnus, nucleus raphe magnus proper, nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis
      pars alpha and nucleus paragigantocellularis). This pathway, which contains a
      large non-serotonergic component, descends through the dorsal part of the lateral
      funiculus and terminates mainly in the dorsal horn at all spinal cord levels. The
      intermediate pathway is largely serotonergic with its cell bodies located within
      the arcuate cell group (situated just ventral and lateral to the pyramids very
      close to the ventral surface of the brainstem) and in the nucleus raphe obscurus
      and pallidus and terminates in the intermediate grey at thoracolumbar and upper
      sacral levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4022335
TI  - Effect of facial nerve transection on acetylcholinesterase, choline
      acetyltransferase and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in rat facial nuclei.
AB  - Choline acetyltransferase activity and localization of acetylcholinesterase and
      [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding sites (muscarinic receptors) in rat facial
      nuclei were examined 2 weeks after right facial nerve transection or sham control
      surgery. Choline acetyltransferase activity in the right facial nucleus of nerve
      transected rats was only one-third of that in the left nucleus. Histochemical
      observations revealed loss of acetylcholinesterase from most motoneurons and
      neuropil of the right facial nucleus after axotomy. Autoradiographic grains,
      marking muscarinic receptors, were likewise depleted substantially from this
      region. Facial nuclei of control animals were identical with respect to all of
      these neurochemical measures and undistinguishable from the left facial nucleus
      of nerve-transected rats. Cholinergic enzymes are known to be synthesized by
      motoneurons, but the source of muscarinic receptors in the facial nucleus is not
      known. Since all three proteins are depleted from the facial nucleus after
      axotomy of motoneurons, it is concluded that these cells produce cholinergic
      enzymes and muscarinic receptors. Synthesis of muscarinic receptors by facial
      motoneurons could indicate these neurons are cholinoceptive. Axotomy should be a
      useful tool for determining which other neurotransmitter receptors are produced
      by facial motoneurons and efferent neurons in other cranial nerve nuclei.

PMID- 4022336
TI  - Physiological properties and pattern of innervation of regenerated muscles in the
      rat.
AB  - The regeneration of fast and slow muscles was compared following "mincing" and
      replacement into their own or alien muscle bed. At intervals varying from 2 to 9
      weeks the tension developed by the regenerated muscles was assessed and compared
      to that developed by the muscles from the contralateral unoperated side. This
      parameter was then taken as an indication of recovery. The regenerated muscles
      never developed more than half of the tension of the control muscles. Muscles
      regenerated in the bed of extensor digitorum longus became fast-twitch muscles
      and muscles regenerated in the bed of soleus became slow-twitch muscles, no
      matter whether they originated from an extensor digitorum longus or soleus
      "mince". The regeneration of the muscle tissue in the place of extensor digitorum
      longus developed better than in the place of soleus. The pattern of innervation
      of the regenerated muscles was analysed using a combined cholinesterase silver
      stain. Many of the regenerated fibres had more than one end plate and some end
      plates more than one axon terminal. These results show that in adult animals
      muscle redevelopment can occur, but only to a limited extent. Moreover, on
      reinnervation of regenerated muscle fibres the axons do not assume their original
      pattern of innervation.

PMID- 4022337
TI  - The fate of proliferating cells in skeletal muscle after denervation or tenotomy:
      an autoradiographic study.
AB  - During the first 7 days after denervation or tenotomy of skeletal muscle there is
      increased cell proliferation, as measured autoradiographically by [3H]thymidine
      incorporation. By 21 days most of the labelled cells have disappeared. The
      present experiment was designed to measure residual levels of labelling in
      skeletal muscles at 21 days after denervation or tenotomy, when [3H]thymidine had
      been available for the first 7 days. This was to determine the fate of cells
      labelled at 7 days and to detect whether continued cell proliferation had
      occurred during the intervening period, as evidenced by the dilution of nuclear
      label. Tibialis anterior muscles of 16 mice were denervated, tenotomized or sham
      operated, and the animals injected with a single daily pulse of [3H]thymidine for
      the first 7 days only. In denervated muscle the 11% of muscle nuclei and 41% of
      connective tissue nuclei labelled at 7 days had decreased to 2 and 13%,
      respectively, by 21 days. These values were still significantly higher than in 21
      day controls (0.2 and 1.9%, respectively). In muscle nuclei (myonuclei and
      satellite cell nuclei) there was a significant decrease in the amount of label
      per nucleus. This was interpreted as evidence of continued cell proliferation.
      However, this did not produce an increase in numbers of muscle nuclei. It was
      concluded that: there was turnover of satellite cells and possibly myonuclei, the
      latter probably through continued division and incorporation of satellite cells;
      and the extra satellite cells and myonuclei produced were probably extruded from
      the fibre to the extracellular space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022338
TI  - Regrowth of cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons along a peripheral and
      central nervous pathway.
AB  - The transitional region between the peripheral and central nervous system in
      lumbosacral dorsal roots of rats were used in order to test the regeneration
      capacity of neurons with different metabolic characteristics. Ventral root fibres
      (cholinergic) and hypogastric nerve fibres (catecholaminergic) were coapted to
      the central stump of cut lumbosacral dorsal roots and permitted to regrow along
      the peripheral nervous and central nervous parts of the dorsal root. After a
      postoperative period of 1.5-9 months the animals were sacrificed and the coapted
      nerves and roots were investigated by histochemistry, light and electron
      microscopy. Regrowth of both cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons had
      occurred into the peripheral nervous part of the root. In the central nervous
      part of the root, regeneration was abortive for both types of neurons. The
      astrocytes of the central nervous part of the root showed different morphological
      features according to the type of neuron that had been coapted to the dorsal
      root. The results are discussed in terms of neurotropism, neuron target
      dependence, microenvironment and type of regenerating neuron.

PMID- 4022339
TI  - Autoregulation of histamine release in brain by presynaptic H3-receptors.
AB  - Regulation of histamine release was studied mainly on brain slices prelabeled
      with L-[3H]-histidine and depolarized by increased extracellular K+ concentration
      or veratridine in a non-superfused system. The released 3H-labeled amines,
      isolated by ion-exchange chromatography from a large excess of 3H-labeled
      precursor consisted by more than 95% of unchanged [3H]histamine. Exogenous
      histamine reduced the release of neosynthesized [3H]histamine via stimulation of
      previously characterized H3-receptors whereas it did not modify the 3H-labeled
      amine release from slices prelabeled with preformed [3H]histamine. The maximal
      inhibitory effect of exogenous histamine progressively diminished as the strength
      of the depolarizing stimulus or the external Ca2+ concentration were elevated. On
      the contrary H3-receptor antagonists like impromidine or burimamide enhanced the
      depolarization-induced release of [3H]histamine, an effect which was particularly
      marked when slices were loaded with histamine by preincubation with [3H]histidine
      in high concentration. These results suggest that the inhibition of [3H]histamine
      release by exogenous histamine acting via H3-receptor stimulation is mediated by
      a restricted access of Ca2+ and that its extent is influenced by the degree of
      autostimulation by endogenous histamine as well as, possibly, by actual internal
      Ca2+ concentration. In addition the decrease in external Ca2+ concentration
      shifted rightwards the concentration-response curve to histamine. The
      autoinhibitory effect of exogenous histamine was found on slices from various
      regions, known from lesion studies to contain terminals of extrinsic
      histaminergic neurons. It did not apparently involve interneurones, not being
      prevented in slices in which the traffic of action potentials was blocked by
      tetrodotoxin. It also remained unaffected in striatal slices in which the
      neuronal cell-bodies were selectively destroyed by prior local infusion of kainic
      acid. Finally exogenous histamine inhibited [3H]histamine release from
      depolarized synaptosomes of rat cerebral cortex, with an EC50 value similar to
      that found with slices and was antagonised by impromidine with an apparent Ki
      value similar to that displayed at H3-receptors. It is concluded that histamine
      modulates its own release from cerebral neurones by interacting with H3
      presynaptic autoreceptors and via mechanisms similar to those previously
      evidenced on other aminergic systems.

PMID- 4022340
TI  - Membrane-bound choline acetyltransferase in Torpedo electric organ: a marker for
      synaptosomal plasma membranes?
AB  - The enzyme choline-O-acetyltransferase catalyses the biosynthesis of
      acetylcholine from acetyl coenzyme A and choline and is considered as one of the
      best markers for cholinergic nerve endings. The distribution of this enzymatic
      activity was analysed during the purification of plasma membranes of purely
      cholinergic nerve endings isolated from the electric organ of the fish Torpedo
      marmorata. This tissue, which receives a profuse and purely cholinergic
      innervation, can be considered as being a "giant" neuromuscular synapse. The
      isolated nerve endings (synaptosomes) were first osmotically disrupted and their
      plasma membranes isolated by equilibrium density centrifugation (discontinuous
      followed by continuous sucrose gradients). Choline acetyltransferase activity was
      found to exist in three forms: (1) a soluble form (the major one) present in the
      cytoplasm of the nerve endings, (2) a form which is ionically associated with
      membranes and which can be solubilized by washing exhaustively the membrane
      fraction with solutions of high ionic strength (0.5 M NaCl) and (iii) a form
      which is non-ionically bound to membranes and cannot be solubilized with high
      salt solution. The soluble and the non-ionically bound activities exhibited very
      similar affinities for choline (1.34 and 1.64 mM, respectively). The non
      ionically membrane-associated form of choline acetyltransferase was found to
      "copurify" with the cholinergic synaptosomal plasma membranes of Torpedo, its
      specific activity being increased from 122 (crude fraction) to 475 (purified
      membrane fraction) nmol/h/mg protein. An enrichment was also observed for another
      cholinergic marker, the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, but not for the nicotinic
      receptor to acetylcholine, a marker for postsynaptic membranes. No choline
      acetyltransferase activity could be detected in preparations of synaptic vesicles
      that were highly purified from the electric organ. Also, the non-ionically
      associated form of choline acetyltransferase activity was hardly detectable (2.4
      nmol/h/mg protein) in fractions enriched in axonal membranes prepared from the
      cholinergic electric nerves innervating the electric organ. The partition into
      soluble and membrane-bound activity was also analysed for choline
      acetyltransferase present in human placenta, a rich source for the enzyme but a
      non-innervated tissue. In this case the great majority of the enzyme appeared as
      soluble activity. Very low levels of non-ionically membrane-bound activity were
      found to be present in a crude membrane fraction from human placenta (2.8
      nmol/h/mg protein).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4022341
TI  - Neuronal pathology in the nucleus basalis and associated cell groups in senile
      dementia of the Alzheimer's type: possible role in cell loss.
AB  - The loss of cortical cholinergic innervation in senile dementia of the
      Alzheimer's type (SDAT) is associated with cell loss in the nucleus basalis and
      related cell groups (magnocellular basal nucleus, MBN). We examined MBN in Nissl
      , acetylcholinesterase- and thioflavin S-stained sections in two cases of SDAT
      and in four control brains. Using these sensitive methods, senile plaques were
      easily demonstrated in MBN, and most MBN neurons showed neurofibrillary
      degeneration as an early change. Cell loss appeared to be due to maturation of
      neurofibrillary tangles, displacing normal cellular contents. In contrast to
      theories that the cell loss in MBN represents retrograde degeneration due to
      axonal injury in the cerebral cortex, MBN neuronal perikarya may be involved by
      the same primary processes as cortical neurons.

PMID- 4022342
TI  - Plasmapheresis and acute Guillain-Barre syndrome. The Guillain-Barre syndrome
      Study Group.
AB  - We compared plasmapheresis with conventional therapy in 245 patients with the
      Guillain-Barre syndrome of recent onset. Statistically significant differences,
      favoring the plasmapheresis group, were found in terms of improvement at 4 weeks,
      time to improve one clinical grade, time to independent walking, and outcome at 6
      months. Plasmapheresis was not effective for all patients, but was particularly
      effective for patients who received this treatment within 7 days of onset and for
      patients who required mechanical ventilation after entry into the study.
      Plasmapheresis appears to be of benefit in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome
      of recent onset.

PMID- 4022343
TI  - Plasmapheresis in Guillain-Barre syndrome.

PMID- 4022344
TI  - Preservation of voluntary saccades after intracarotid injection of barbiturate.
AB  - We studied voluntary saccades in 44 patients undergoing Wada testing before
      surgery for intractable epilepsy. After intracarotid injection of barbiturate,
      and while they were hemiplegic, patients could still make voluntary saccades
      toward or away from the side of injection. Sustained ipsiversive deviation of
      gaze was not noted. Saccades made away from the side of injection were slower
      than ipsilateral saccades in only 3 of 10 tests. These data support the
      hypothesis of parallel, independent pathways from the frontal eye fields and from
      the superior colliculi to the brainstem reticular nuclei that generate saccades.

PMID- 4022345
TI  - A microangiopathic syndrome of encephalopathy, hearing loss, and retinal
      arteriolar occlusions.
AB  - A syndrome consisting of a subacute encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss,
      and retinal arteriolar occlusions is described in two women. Laboratory
      investigations did not reveal any systemic vasculitis. CT and cerebral
      angiography showed no abnormalities, but magnetic resonance imaging revealed
      small, discrete lesions in the white matter. Biopsy of cortical brain from one
      patient showed disseminated microinfarcts in the gray matter as well as sclerosis
      of small vessels. This syndrome is characterized as an occlusive vasculopathy
      rather than vasculitis, and should be considered in evaluations of young women
      presenting with encephalopathy and hearing loss.

PMID- 4022346
TI  - Auditory evoked potentials in coma after closed head injury: a clinical
      neurophysiologic coma scale for predicting outcome.
AB  - We studied auditory evoked potentials in 45 head-injured patients. All but three
      were comatose or stuporous at the time of study. Preservation of brainstem
      auditory or long-latency auditory evoked potentials predicted good outcome. The
      Glasgow coma scale (GCS), the clinical subtotal of the neurophysiologic coma
      scale (NPCS), and the NPCS had predictive accuracies of 71%, 82%, and 82%.
      Although there were 22 falsely pessimistic predictions with the GCS and 9% with
      the clinical subtotal of the NPCS, there were no falsely pessimistic predictions
      with the NPCS.

PMID- 4022347
TI  - Cerebral blood flow and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - In Parkinson's disease, there is high prevalence of dementia, reduction of the
      regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and neuronal loss and Alzheimer-like
      pathologic changes in cerebral cortex. Since rCBF is also decreased in
      Alzheimer's dementia, it is theoretically possible that both decreases in rCBF
      and cognitive impairment in parkinsonians are caused by a similar mechanism, eg,
      reduced metabolic demand or loss of cholinergic neurons innervating cortex and
      microvessels. We therefore measured rCBF using the 133Xenon inhalation technique
      and evaluated cognitive function with a detailed neuropsychological test battery
      in 48 patients with Parkinson's disease. Mean brain, hemispheric, and regional
      flows were decreased in parkinsonians as compared with those in age-matched
      controls. Most of the cognitive functions were impaired in patients as compared
      with those in normal subjects. However, there was no correlation between the
      magnitude of rCBF reduction and the presence and severity of intellectual
      deterioration in parkinsonians, suggesting that each may be caused by a different
      mechanism.

PMID- 4022348
TI  - Encephalomyeloneuritis simulating Guillain-Barre syndrome.
AB  - A patient with encephalomyeloneuritis (EMN) had clinical and laboratory features
      consistent with severe acute inflammatory polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barre
      syndrome). CNS involvement was suggested clinically only by transient downbeat
      nystagmus and by contraction of tensor fascia lata on plantar stimulation.
      Postmortem examination revealed pathologic changes typical of EMN without
      systemic neoplasm. Clinical manifestations of the profound central pathology were
      largely obscured by severe radiculoneuropathy. Pathologic verification of
      clinically diagnosed inflammatory polyneuropathy is unusual, and CNS disease,
      therefore, may be more frequent than appreciated, especially in clinical
      "variants."

PMID- 4022349
TI  - Reversible chronic cerebellar ataxia after phenytoin intoxication: possible role
      of cerebellum in cognitive thought.
AB  - Reversible chronic cerebellar ataxia followed phenytoin treatment in two
      epileptic women. Cerebellar ataxia in both patients and axonal polyneuropathy in
      one patient were improved after administration of thiamine alone or with folate.
      In one patient, some specific behavioral functions improved. However, recovery
      could have been spontaneous.

PMID- 4022350
TI  - Combined azathioprine and prednisone in chronic inflammatory-demyelinating
      polyneuropathy.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with static or worsening chronic inflammatory-demyelinating
      polyradiculoneuropathy were randomly assigned to alternate day decremental
      prednisone therapy alone or with azathioprine (2 mg/kg) for 9 months. No
      statistically significant alterations were demonstrated between these treatment
      schedules.

PMID- 4022351
TI  - Gelastic seizures, precocious puberty, and hypothalamic hamartoma.
AB  - The concurrence of gelastic (laughing) seizures and precocious puberty has been
      reported in 18 patients, including 2 described here. At least 10 patients had
      hypothalamic hamartomas. Improvements in cerebral imaging permit noninvasive
      diagnosis. Surgical intervention in seven of these patients was of little
      diagnostic or therapeutic benefit.

PMID- 4022352
TI  - Epileptic amnesic attacks: benefit from antiepileptic drugs.
AB  - We studied two sexagenarians who had recurrent circumscribed attacks of amnesia.
      Their EEGs showed frequent bilateral spikes that arose independently from the
      temporal lobes, primarily from mesiobasal structures. Amnesic attacks ceased
      after treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Neuropsychological tests demonstrated
      selective cognitive impairments, and short-term memory improved after treatment
      in one patient. Epileptic amnesic attacks should be distinguished from transient
      global amnesia, which is clinically similar.

PMID- 4022353
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea during treatment with bromocriptine for
      prolactinoma.
AB  - A 47-year-old man exhibited loss of libido and impotence in association with
      plasma hyperprolactinemia and a pituitary mass with downward extension of the
      tumor to the sphenoid sinus and to the suprasellar cisterns. Bromocriptine, 15 mg
      daily, reduced the hyperprolactinemia as well as tumor size. After 8 months on
      this therapy, the patient developed overt CSF liquorrhea. Five days after
      discontinuation of bromocriptine, the CSF rhinorrhea stopped, and when
      bromocriptine was given again 2 weeks later, CSF rhinorrhea returned within 3
      days. We believe this phenomenon to be due to retraction of tumor by
      bromocriptine exposing a defect in the sella floor. Transient occurrence of CSF
      rhinorrhea can be considered as a consequence of tumor regression in patients on
      bromocriptine. The possibility of this complication, especially in patients with
      downward extension of tumor, should be noted.

PMID- 4022354
TI  - Combined bromocriptine-levodopa therapy early in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Compared with levodopa, treatment of parkinsonism for 3 years with bromocriptine
      alone resulted in less fluctuation and peak-dose dyskinesia, but also less
      improvement in parkinsonian disability. Only a few of the 76 patients had long
      term benefit on chronic bromocriptine therapy. However, combined bromocriptine
      and levodopa therapy had a therapeutic response equal to that of levodopa alone,
      with fewer fluctuations and peak-dose dyskinesias. Treatment should begin with a
      low dose of levodopa and a dopamine agonist.

PMID- 4022355
TI  - Celiac disease and spinocerebellar degeneration with normal vitamin E status.
AB  - We studied a 47-year-old man with spinocerebellar degeneration and malabsorption
      due to celiac enteropathy; the serum vitamin E level was normal. The neurologic
      disorder initially deteriorated despite improvement of small bowel histology on a
      gluten-free diet and vitamin E therapy, but later stabilized. The etiology of the
      neurologic disorder in adult celiac disease has not been identified and does not
      appear to be vitamin E deficiency.

PMID- 4022356
TI  - Arteriography of the carotid bifurcation: oblique projections.
AB  - Atherosclerotic plaques may not be demonstrated adequately by standard
      anteroposterior (AP)-lateral projections of carotid arteriography. We evaluated
      selective carotid arteriography in oblique projections for 60 individual carotid
      arteries. Two neuroradiologists evaluated arteriograms in four separate sessions
      devoted to AP-lateral views alone and in combination with oblique projections.
      The lumen surface was characterized as "smooth," "irregular," or "ulcerated."
      When oblique projections were added to AP-lateral views, there was a significant
      shift of radiologic diagnosis from smooth to irregular or ulcerated. Addition of
      oblique projections to standard AP-lateral views increases the radiographic
      diagnosis of carotid artery lesions that may be the source of emboli.

PMID- 4022357
TI  - Potentially fatal cardiac dysrhythmia and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis.
AB  - An 11-year-old boy was evaluated for mild periodic muscular weakness exacerbated
      on separate occasions by disopyramide phosphate and procainamide. He and his
      mother both had bidirectional ventricular tachydysrhythmia (BVT), short stature,
      microcephaly, and clinodactyly. The mother, but not the child, had lingual
      myotonia. The two antiarrhythmic drugs worsened the muscular weakness without
      benefiting the cardiac dysrhythmia. Potassium loading produced skeletal muscle
      weakness and transient conversion of the BVT to normal sinus rhythm. Hypokalemia
      aggravated the BVT without causing weakness. Acetazolamide had no effect. The
      patient suffered a nonfatal cardiac arrest after several days of increased
      carbohydrate intake. Imipramine controlled the dysrhythmia without inducing
      weakness. Periodic paralysis should be considered as the diagnosis in children
      with BVT, a potentially fatal condition.

PMID- 4022358
TI  - Syndrome of palatal myoclonus and progressive ataxia: two cases with magnetic
      resonance imaging.
AB  - Two patients are reported with palatal myoclonus, progressive ataxia, and
      dysarthria, unresponsive to treatment with trihexyphenidyl or L-5
      hydroxytryptophan. MRI showed enlargement of the inferior olives in one patient,
      consistent with the pathology usually associated with palatal myoclonus. The
      syndrome of progressive ataxia and palatal myoclonus should be distinguished from
      other ataxias and degenerations that affect the brainstem and cerebellum.
      Pathology and specificity of site of the lesions are distinctive.

PMID- 4022359
TI  - Parkinson's disease: loss of neurons from the ventral tegmental area
      contralateral to therapeutic surgical lesions.
AB  - Decreased numbers of pigmented neurons of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system
      are the most striking pathology in the brains of individuals with Parkinson's
      disease (PD), but it is clear that neurons in the locus ceruleus, vagal nuclei,
      and nucleus basalis of Meynert are also affected in this disease. Because
      neurochemical evidence suggested that the mesolimbic dopaminergic system
      originating in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) may also be involved, the present
      study was designed to evaluate the mesolimbic dopamine system in PD by counting
      pigmented neurons in the VTA contralateral to therapeutic lesions placed in the
      basal ganglia or thalamus. In PD, VTA neurons were depleted to 36 to 55% of
      control values. Moreover, the VTA showed excessive free pigment, a marker for
      death of pigmented neurons. These changes may be important in disorders of
      movement or mentation occurring in PD.

PMID- 4022360
TI  - Myasthenic crisis after intravenous administration of iodinated contrast agent.
AB  - Two women with myasthenia gravis became apneic immediately after IV injection of
      iodinated contrast material for CT. Aggravation of myasthenia continued for days
      after this initial reaction.

PMID- 4022361
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis with cardiogenic cerebral embolism: magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - A girl with tuberous sclerosis and intracardiac masses had at least two episodes
      of cardiogenic cerebral embolization, the attacks characterized by acute onset of
      prolonged neurologic dysfunction arising from different vascular distributions in
      both cerebral hemispheres. Renal embolization was suggested by hematuria.
      Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated ischemic lesions in cerebral
      locations predicted by the clinical signs. MRI also demonstrated extensive areas
      compatible with the dysmyelination of tuberous sclerosis.

PMID- 4022362
TI  - Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy with autosomal dominant transmission.
AB  - A woman with early-onset, slowly progressive, humeroperoneal muscle weakness had
      marked restriction of neck flexion with contracture at the elbows. She developed
      exertional dyspnea at age 25, atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular rate was
      discovered, and a cardiac pacemaker was implanted. Her father had a similar
      disorder. There is at least one other report of autosomal dominant transmission
      of this clinical picture, which had previously only been reported as Emery
      Dreifuss muscular dystrophy with X-linked recessive inheritance. Thus, more than
      one mode of inheritance is possible for this unusual and distinctive form of
      muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 4022363
TI  - Familial spastic paraparesis: an adrenoleukodystrophy phenotype?
AB  - Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) must be considered in the diagnosis of men with
      progressive nervous system disease. We found the biochemical defect
      characteristic of ALD in two brothers with spastic paraparesis of late adult
      onset. Family study then revealed other affected men and asymptomatic
      heterozygotes in a pattern that conformed to an X-linked pattern of inheritance.

PMID- 4022364
TI  - Hepatic and encephalopathic components of Reye's syndrome: factor analysis of
      admission data from 209 patients.
AB  - Factor analysis of admission data from 209 Reye's syndrome patients yielded three
      factors. Factor 1 was associated with encephalopathy, blood ammonia, creatinine
      kinase (CK), uric acid and, to a lesser extent, bilirubin. This factor was linked
      to the encephalopathy and hypermetabolic changes in muscle, possibly
      prostaglandin-mediated proteolysis. Factor 2 was associated with serum alanine
      aminotransferase (AlaAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), and was
      identified as a hepatic lesion component. These factors correspond to two
      etiologic components of Reye's syndrome. Salicylate was only weakly associated
      with neuropathic and hypercatabolic indicators and not at all associated with the
      hepatic damage indicators.

PMID- 4022365
TI  - Pilot study of fluzinamide (N-methyl-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-1
      azetidinecarboxamide) in refractory partial seizures.
AB  - We conducted a pilot study of fluzinamide in 15 adults with refractory partial
      seizures. After a baseline period, fluzinamide was added to the existing regimen
      of phenytoin and carbamazepine and increased to maximum tolerated dose. Common
      side effects included dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, headache, nausea, and rash,
      resulting in patient withdrawal in six cases. Seizures became less frequent in
      four of the nine patients who completed the 8-week trial.

PMID- 4022366
TI  - Locked-in state induced by internal capsule or globus pallidus lesions?

PMID- 4022367
TI  - Peripheral carbidopa affects striatal monoamine oxidase activity.

PMID- 4022368
TI  - Whiplash amnesia.

PMID- 4022369
TI  - Subnormal body temperatures in spinal cord injury.

PMID- 4022370
TI  - Spontaneous respiratory movements with clinical brain death.

PMID- 4022371
TI  - More on plasmapheresis in chronic progressive MS.

PMID- 4022372
TI  - Plexopathy induced by radiation therapy.

PMID- 4022373
TI  - Usefulness of computed tomography in predicting outcome after aneurysmal
      subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study.
AB  - We evaluated the ability of CT performed soon after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
      to predict outcome. Generally, the results of CT paralleled level of
      consciousness in predicting mortality or good recovery. However, CT did detect
      some groups of patients who were at greater or lesser risk of mortality. If an
      alert patient had normal CT, 6-month mortality was 2.8%; if blood was detected,
      mortality rose to 12.3%. Intracerebral hemorrhage or local, thick, or diffuse
      subarachnoid deposits of blood seen on CT among alert patients were particularly
      related to increased mortality. CT abnormalities could be used to detect higher
      mortality rates among drowsy or comatose patients. CT is useful as an adjunct to
      the clinical examination in predicting outcome after SAH.

PMID- 4022374
TI  - The risk of seizure disorders among relatives of children with febrile
      convulsions.
AB  - We studied the risk for seizure disorders among relatives of probands with
      febrile convulsions. The risk for febrile convulsions was raised in siblings,
      offspring, and nieces and nephews of probands. Risks to siblings were higher if
      one or both parents also had febrile convulsions, or the proband had no
      identified neurologic abnormality before the febrile convulsion, if the proband
      had recurrent febrile convulsions, or the febrile convulsions were complex. The
      risk for epilepsy was raised in siblings of probands, but not in other relatives.
      If the proband had febrile convulsions followed by epilepsy, risk to siblings for
      febrile convulsions and for epilepsy was significantly higher than when probands
      had either condition alone.

PMID- 4022375
TI  - The metabolic consequences of experimental intraventricular hemorrhage.
AB  - Experimental intraventricular hemorrhage was produced by injection of autologous
      fresh blood (0.25 ml/kg) or artificial CSF into the right lateral ventricle of 24
      dogs. A transient ventricular fluid acidosis (pH drop to 7.09) was accompanied by
      increased lactate, pyruvate, ammonia, and Pco2, and decreased bicarbonate and
      glucose. High lactate/pyruvate ratios were the most persistent abnormality. The
      control group, which received intraventricular artificial CSF, developed minimal
      ventricular fluid acidosis (pH 7.26). Lumbar CSF and venous blood acid-base
      parameters did not change. Simultaneous cisternal samples obtained from some of
      the animals reflected similar metabolic abnormalities of lesser magnitude.
      Intraventricular injection of sodium bicarbonate normalized the pH in four
      animals.

PMID- 4022376
TI  - Successful migraine prophylaxis with naproxen sodium.
AB  - Naproxen sodium, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis and platelet
      aggregation, was studied for efficacy in migraine prophylaxis in a randomized,
      double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. On naproxen treatment, 52% of
      the patients had no severe headaches, whereas 19% had no severe headaches during
      placebo. Naproxen sodium was much better than placebo when patients' diaries were
      reviewed for severity of attacks, nausea, vomiting, activity reduction, duration
      of headache, and decreased use of therapeutic medication. The degree of platelet
      inhibition did not correlate with efficacy in preventing headache. Naproxen
      sodium can be recommended as a drug of first choice for migraine prevention.

PMID- 4022377
TI  - Opiate antagonist WIN44,441-3 stereospecifically improves neurologic recovery
      after ischemic spinal injury.
AB  - In the unanesthetized rabbit, temporary aortic occlusion results in predictable
      patterns of spinal cord injury. We use this "spinal stroke" model to assess the
      potential role of opiate antagonists in treating CNS ischemia. WIN44,441-3 (WIN(
      ], an opiate antagonist with enhanced activity at the kappa-receptor, reduced
      motor dysfunction after ischemic spinal cord injury. The effect was
      stereospecific and dose-related; beneficial actions were seen at doses as low as
      40 micrograms/kg. Opiate receptor antagonists may be therapeutically useful in
      ischemic CNS injury, and the beneficial actions of these compounds may be at the
      kappa-receptor site.

PMID- 4022378
TI  - A new method of measuring brain atrophy: the effect of aging in its application
      for diagnosing dementia.
AB  - A new method of measuring cerebral atrophy using a ratio of brain parenchyma to
      ventricular and subarachnoid space is described. It uses digitized brain CT. This
      ratio was measured prospectively on 117 consecutive elderly patients referred for
      evaluation of cognitive dysfunction. Diagnosis was determined by preestablished
      criteria and confirmed by follow-up. Despite the improved accuracy and
      reproducibility of this method, its ability to differentiate persons with senile
      dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) from those suffering from pseudodementia
      was confounded by age, and was hence of limited utility. We conclude that even
      with sophisticated measures of cerebral atrophy, CT is unable to discriminate
      among common causes of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly.

PMID- 4022380
TI  - Cerebral organization of affect suggested by temporal lobe seizures.
AB  - A right-handed woman with independent left- and right-sided temporal lobe
      discharges was studied by continuous EEG and videotape monitoring for 3 weeks.
      Changes in affect were noted in the immediate and extended postictal periods and
      varied with the side of discharge. After a left-sided discharge, she became
      globally aphasic and depressed. Right-sided discharges evoked laughing and
      postictal hypomania. These manifestations were attributed to contralateral
      hemispheric disinhibition after ipsilateral seizure inactivation. This case
      provides evidence that the speech-dominant hemisphere subserves positive feelings
      and the nondominant hemisphere negative ones.

PMID- 4022379
TI  - Axonal neuropathy in a patient with IgM M-protein reactive with nerve
      endoneurium.
AB  - IgM M-proteins have been found in patients with axonal neuropathies, but it is
      not known whether these M-proteins bind to nerve components or actually cause the
      neuropathy. In one patient with axonal neuropathy studied, the IgM M-protein
      bound to chondroitin sulfate, and there were deposits of IgM in the endoneurium
      of the patient's nerve. A monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody generated against
      that M-protein was used to study the binding of the M-protein to normal nerve and
      to distinguish it from binding of other IgM species that might be present in the
      patient's serum. In immunofluorescence studies, the M-protein bound to the
      endoneurium in normal nerve and to connective tissue in other organs. In
      immunoblot studies, the M-protein bound to several protein bands in nerve and
      other tissues. The data suggest that the M-protein bound to mucopolysaccharides
      in nerve endoneurium and connective tissue.

PMID- 4022381
TI  - Reye's syndrome: incidence and time trends in Olmsted County, MN, 1950-1981.
AB  - Incidence and time trends of Reye's syndrome have been determined in Olmsted
      County, MN, using the facilities of the Rochester Epidemiology Program Project at
      Mayo Clinic. Incidence rates in individuals under 18 years of age were 1.1 per
      100,000 person-years in the 1970-75 time interval and 1.7 in the 1976-81
      interval. Failure to identify any case in the earliest time interval yields a
      rate of zero, and an incidence higher than 0.6 per 100,000 can be excluded with
      95% probability. This finding is consistent with an increasing incidence over
      time in this community and does not exclude the possibility that Reye's syndrome
      did not exist in Olmsted County before 1970.

PMID- 4022382
TI  - Cessation of stuttering with progressive multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Two patients stuttered severely into adult years. Stuttering ceased as signs of
      progressive MS developed. Both patients had clinical evidence of bilateral
      cerebellar dysfunction, and other forms of speech impairment appeared as the
      stuttering abated. The cerebellar lesions may have been responsible for the
      abolition of stuttering.

PMID- 4022383
TI  - Acquired stuttering from a right hemisphere lesion in a right-hander.
AB  - Acquired stuttering in adults may follow bilateral or left hemisphere damage, is
      more common in men than in women, and is often associated with aphasia. After a
      right hemisphere infarct, a right-handed woman stuttered without aphasia. She had
      never stuttered previously, but her father and brother both had developmental
      stuttering. Her case and others suggest that sexual differences in language
      lateralization may render men more likely to stutter than women after left
      hemisphere lesions, whereas women are more likely to stutter than men after right
      hemisphere lesions.

PMID- 4022384
TI  - Interhemispheric commissurotomy for congenital hemiplegics with intractable
      epilepsy.
AB  - Five patients with congenital hemiplegia and intractable epilepsy had
      interhemispheric commissurotomy (the split-brain operation). After intervals of 2
      to 12 years, the response has been excellent in four cases. One patient had
      moderate benefit. There were no late complications. Commissurotomy seems to be
      substantially better than hemispherectomy for this syndrome.

PMID- 4022385
TI  - Familial paroxysmal hypnogenic dystonia.
AB  - We studied a family with dystonic spasms that occurred with non-REM sleep. This
      familial disorder may be related to the sporadic cases reported previously.

PMID- 4022386
TI  - Slow myosin heavy chain isozyme in nemaline myopathy.
AB  - Muscle biopsies from two sporadic cases of congenital nemaline myopathy were
      examined for myosin heavy chain composition. Electrophoresis of congenital
      nemaline myopathy (CNM) muscle myosin in SDS-5% polyacrylamide gels gave rise to
      a single heavy chain band, with a migration rate and antigenic properties
      identical to that of the adult slow form, as demonstrated by Western blot
      techniques and by using specific antibody. Immunofluorescent studies indicate
      that CNM muscle fibers, including the most severely atrophic fibers, are
      homogeneous with respect to myosin heavy chain composition.

PMID- 4022387
TI  - Structural proteins of the opaque muscle fibers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - We studied the structural proteins of the "opaque fibers" (OFs) in muscle
      biopsies from 12 patients, aged 4 to 24 years, with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
      The electrophoretic patterns of myofibrillar proteins indicated three groups of
      opaque fibers: the first (OF a) had an almost normal electrophoretogram, the
      second (OF b1) showed a clear decrease of 55,000 dalton protein (desmin), and the
      third (OF b2) exhibited a great reduction in alpha-actinin and desmin. The data
      suggest that some OFs are pathologic fibers in the degenerative process of
      Duchenne dystrophy.

PMID- 4022388
TI  - Stretch reflex blepharospasm.
AB  - We studied a patient with blepharospasm provoked by stretching the orbicularis
      oculi muscles. With the eyes closed, EMG of the orbicularis oculi at rest
      revealed spontaneous rhythmic muscle activity that was not visible. When she
      tried to open her eyes, repetitive jerking blepharoclonus and tonic blepharospasm
      rendered her functionally blind. Passive stretching of the orbicularis oculi
      evoked a burst of EMG activity with two components. Touch or pinprick did not
      elicit such reflex activity. Anesthesia of the supraorbital nerves abolished
      muscle responses to stretch and improved the blepharospasm.

PMID- 4022389
TI  - Hyperlipidemic dementia.
AB  - The dementia of a patient with hyperlipidemia improved dramatically on treatment
      with diet and fenofibrate. Rheologic study showed an abnormality of rouleaux
      disaggregation, and this disappeared as plasma lipid levels fell and mental state
      improved.

PMID- 4022390
TI  - Primary writing tremor and myoclonic writer's cramp.
AB  - Four patients with primary writing tremor had a focal, task-specific tremor that
      responded to anticholinergic drugs. Physiologic features included EMG activity
      alternating in antagonist muscles, 5- to 20-microV cerebral potentials evoked by
      stretch of pronator teres, and no C-reflexes. Another patient had myoclonic jerks
      of the forearm on attempts to write ("myoclonic writer's cramp") that also
      responded to anticholinergic drugs; EMG activity appeared synchronously or
      alternating in antagonist muscles. These disorders have features of dystonia and
      enlarge the spectrum of writer's cramp.

PMID- 4022391
TI  - Western Norway: a high-risk area for MS.

PMID- 4022392
TI  - Lyme disease: commentary from Europe.

PMID- 4022393
TI  - Locked-in syndrome with deafness.

PMID- 4022394
TI  - Kleine-Levin syndrome: normal CSF monoamines and response to lithium therapy.

PMID- 4022395
TI  - Muscle mitochondria from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy have a normal
      beta oxidation, but an impaired oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 4022396
TI  - Dynamic computed tomography of the brain.
AB  - Dynamic computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed on five normal subjects,
      38 patients with cerebrovascular disorder, and 20 patients with brain tumours. It
      consisted of performing six rapid sequential scans after intravenous bolus
      injection of iodinated contrast medium. By gamma variate fit technique, five
      features (corrected first moment, area, peak, time to peak, and per cent terminal
      height) were obtained from a time-density curve in a region of interest. We
      compared these features in one side of the brain with those in the corresponding
      contralateral side and tried to get information about cerebral perfusion. These
      results showed that by this technique we are able to detect arterial occlusions
      or Moya moya diseases non-invasively and know earlier and more clearly the re
      establishment of circulation in the occluded arteries and of extravasation of
      contrast medium in ischaemic regions than by conventional CT scanning. In
      arteriovenous malformations, serial images of dynamic CT scanning demonstrated
      the anatomical details of the nidus, and the afferent and efferent vessels. We
      can also identify an exact extent of tumoral invasion of the brain in patients
      with malignant brain tumor.

PMID- 4022397
TI  - Tomographic cerebral blood flow measurement using xenon inhalation and serial CT
      scanning: normal values and its validity.

PMID- 4022398
TI  - The technique of direct multiplanar high resolution CT of the temporal bone.
AB  - The technique of direct multiplanar high resolution CT opens new possibilities
      for detecting even the smallest lesions of the central nervous system and its
      coverings. The prerequisites are: Submillimetre spatial resolution. Thin slice
      thickness collimation. Sufficient radiation dose to keep the noise in the image
      around about 1%. No waiting time between scans other than short reconstruction
      times, or use of rapid sequence scan procedures. Possibility to position patients
      and immobilize them for direct scanning of coronal and sagittal planes without
      significantly reducing the patient's comfort. Possibility of using optional
      algorithms which improve spatial resolution further (MacroView) in order to bring
      out very fine details. This article describes the technique we have used in order
      to fulfil these prerequisites and also gives a few results relating to the
      imaging of the facial nerve canal.

PMID- 4022399
TI  - [Clinical experience with the use of sodium cefoxitin in surgery on the heart and
      thoracic aorta].

PMID- 4022400
TI  - [Rhabdomyolysis in acute heroin poisoning. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 4022401
TI  - [Case of pulmonary edema after treatment with naloxone].

PMID- 4022402
TI  - [Scheme for short-term analgesic therapy].

PMID- 4022403
TI  - [Immediate and late results of cryo-block of the intercostal nerves and treatment
      of postoperative pain in thoracic surgery].

PMID- 4022404
TI  - [Treatment of pain in acute herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuritis].

PMID- 4022406
TI  - [Counterirritation analgesia. Clinical evaluation of the effect of trigger points
      in chronic non-malignant pain].

PMID- 4022405
TI  - [Atypical cholinesterases: investigation using the dibucaine test].

PMID- 4022407
TI  - [Can anesthesia be employed for male or female sterilization with impunity?].

PMID- 4022408
TI  - [Reassessment of the "full-time" physician for better health care to the
      citizenry].

PMID- 4022410
TI  - [Thrombosis and splenectomy. Preliminary note on the changes of various blood
      coagulation parameters 20 days after splenectomy. Experimental research].

PMID- 4022409
TI  - [Buprenorphine in general anesthesia. I. Preliminary study].

PMID- 4022411
TI  - [Bile bacteria and postoperative infective complications].

PMID- 4022413
TI  - [Incidence of recurrences in relation to various technics of surgical correction
      of inguino-femoral hernias].

PMID- 4022412
TI  - [911 cases of inguinal and crural hernias systematically treated with a
      particular technic].

PMID- 4022414
TI  - [Ileal perforation caused by metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma].

PMID- 4022415
TI  - [Erythrocyte hexokinases in differentiated adenocarcinoma].

PMID- 4022416
TI  - [Deep cervical atypical lipoma].

PMID- 4022417
TI  - [Abnormal muscle belly simulating a neoplasm of the palm of the hand].

PMID- 4022418
TI  - The clinical value of preoperative indirect systolic ankle pressure measurements
      in wound healing after amputation of the lower extremity.
AB  - With the intention towards more distal amputation of the lower extremity for
      peripheral vascular disease, failure of amputation wound healing remains a common
      clinical problem. Because calf blood flow correlates well with the indirect
      systolic ankle pressure, this pressure could be a prognostic guide to the outcome
      of amputation wound healing. To evaluate the clinical role of systolic ankle
      pressure measurements for selecting the most appropriate level of amputation,
      data of 93 patients undergoing 100 amputations were studied retrospectively. Of
      the 54 initial below knee (BK) amputations 83% healed and 17% failed to heal. Of
      the 46 initial above knee (AK) amputations 88% healed and 12% needed stump
      correction. Although all extremities with a systolic ankle pressure of more than
      70 mm Hg healed in BK amputations there was no clinical predictive value of
      indirect systolic ankle pressure measurements. There was no difference in wound
      healing between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

PMID- 4022419
TI  - Is there still a place for Whipple's operation?
AB  - During a 12 year period 42 patients underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy, on 35
      occasions because of malignancy. Four patients (11%), all with pancreatic cancer,
      died in the postoperative period. Two of the seven patients with pancreatitis
      died (28%). No patient with pancreatic cancer survived one year. Seven of the 11
      patients with distal common bile duct cancer survived one year and five out of
      seven patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater survived one year. Local
      tumor recurrence occurred in at least 18 of 27 patients (67%), upper abdominal
      pain being the most important symptom. At long follow-up three patients had tumor
      recurrence in the laparotomy scar. In our experience resection offers the only
      chance of cure for patients with a tumor of the ampulla of Vater or the distal
      common bile duct. At present, however, resection is not the treatment of choice
      in patients with pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 4022420
TI  - The influence of preoperative jaundice, biliary drainage and age on postoperative
      morbidity and mortality after pancreatoduodenectomy and total pancreatectomy.
AB  - Details are given of the postoperative course of 56 patients after
      pancreatoduodenectomy, and 11 after total pancreatectomy. The main indication was
      adenocarcinoma (56 cases). The most serious complication was leakage from the
      pancreatojejunostomy, which occurred in nine patients and was fatal in seven of
      these (10%). This was the only cause of death in the group. The observed
      mortality was appreciably higher (38%) in the 13 patients aged over 70 years.
      Contrary to recent reports, jaundice was not found to influence postoperative
      mortality adversely, nor was preoperative biliary drainage found to reduce
      mortality.

PMID- 4022422
TI  - Disengagement of the sliding compression screw in the treatment of
      intertrochanteric fractures of the femur.

PMID- 4022421
TI  - Dome fracture of the talus.
AB  - Three cases of transchondral fracture of the dome of the talus are reported. Two
      were treated surgically, one conservatively. A review of the literature is
      presented and the relative values of surgical intervention and conservative
      therapy are discussed.

PMID- 4022423
TI  - Fibrosarcoma occurring in scar tissue.

PMID- 4022424
TI  - Slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis masked by acute appendicitis.

PMID- 4022425
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of neurosurgery in the management of cerebral
      ischemia].
AB  - Surgical treatment of occlusive cerebrovascular diseases is based on the theory
      that improved cerebral blood flow in the occluded areas can potentially limit the
      degree of ischaemic damage. This, it is thought, will at least partially
      normalise neuron metabolism. The two commonly used surgical techniques are
      carotid endarterectomy and extracranial-intracranial anastomosis. The importance
      of the criteria used in selecting patients for surgery is discussed and it is
      emphasised that the most satisfactory results will only be obtained if the
      correct surgical indication is carefully established for each patient. The
      results obtained in 40 carotid endarterectomies and 94 E.I.A.B. are also
      presented. Mortality and morbidity rates for both procedures are minimal and the
      results were satisfactory in over 90% of the case, the neurological deficit being
      corrected or drastically reduced.

PMID- 4022427
TI  - [Risk factors and acute cerebral infarct in patients selected on the basis of
      blood sugar levels].
AB  - Clinical and laboratory abnormalities were examined in relation to diabetes
      mellitus in a retrospective study of the 120 patients with acute stroke admitted
      to our medical unit between January 1, 1981 and March 31, 1984, inclusive.
      Paretic stroke was defined without clinical evidence of alternative diagnosis. We
      have examined: age, serum levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol,
      triglycerides, albumin, globulins, ratio albumin/globulins and also a white and
      red blood-cells count, haemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and blood
      pressure. The routine electrocardiogram (ECG) obtained on admission was examined
      for atrial fibrillation. The high prevalence of risk factors associated with
      diabetes mellitus in stroke patients indicate the need for further studies of
      stroke prevention and treatment particularly in this disease.

PMID- 4022426
TI  - [Gastrointestinal cancer antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen in chronic
      pancreatopathies and pancreatic tumors].
AB  - Sensitivity and specificity of the Ca 19-9 (GICA) marker was evaluated in series
      of pancreatic cancer patients, chronic pancreatitis patients and normal controls.
      When Ca 19-9 was compared with CEA, it was noted that the new marker was far more
      sensitive and specific than CEA (82% v. 52% sensitivity, 95% v. 80% specificity).
      GICA was found to be the best marker for pancreatic tumors.

PMID- 4022428
TI  - [An epidemic focus of tularemia in the Province of Siena].
AB  - After a brief account of the epidemiology of tularaemia in Tuscany, a small
      epidemic focus recorded in the Monte Amiata area in 1982, the first in the
      Province of Siena, is described. The importance of Mollaret's serum diagnosis for
      the recognition of current and earlier tularaemia infections is noted.

PMID- 4022429
TI  - [The natural history of Still's disease. Description of a clinical case with
      repeated recurrences and long remission periods].
AB  - A case of Still's disease is presented that demonstrates the uncertain prognosis
      and the duration of the treatment required to prevent recurrences. The importance
      of frequent check-ups is also emphasised.

PMID- 4022430
TI  - [A new method in the diagnosis of joint pathology: arthroscopy].
AB  - A simple new symptomatological technique is described with the emphasis on its
      great value in the diagnosis of joint pathologies.

PMID- 4022431
TI  - [Hemorheological, hemocoagulation and photoplethysmographic changes induced by
      the administration of pentoxifylline in patients with Raynaud's disease].
AB  - 1200 mg/day per os of Pentoxyphyllin administered for 60 day brought about an
      improvement in symptomatology and photoplethysmographic readouts under base
      conditions and following the cooling test in 7 out of 11 females suffering from
      Raynaud's disease. These results may be explained by an improved microcirculation
      flow resulting from increased erythrocyte filterability and a decrease in
      fibrinogenemia .

PMID- 4022432
TI  - [Therapy of brucellosis: clinical experience with a rifampicin- doxycycline
      combination].
AB  - After an examination of the data on brucellosis treatment in the literature, it
      is concluded that short-term courses of cotrimoxazole and tetracyclines give
      largely unsatisfactory results. In view of the synergism noted between rifampicin
      and doxycycline against in vitro and animal brucella, the association was given
      to 19 clinical cases and was found to be effective and easily handled. It is
      therefore concluded that this treatment is currently the best alternative to the
      classic streptomycin-doxycycline association.

PMID- 4022433
TI  - [Behavior of the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter after intravenous
      administration of domperidone in normal subjects].
AB  - Manometric studies on the action of domperidone 10 mg and 20 mg i.v. on the lower
      esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) have been carried on ten healthy volunteers.
      Domperidone inhibits dopamine receptors and results in an increase of LESP. A
      dose of 10 mg produces a significant increase in LESP which is rapid and
      prolonged for thirty minutes; a dose of 20 mg is less efficient. The stimulatory
      effect of domperidone on LESP suggests an important role for endogenous dopamine
      as an inhibitory neuromodulator of LES pressure. The use of domperidone in
      therapy for reflux esophagitis is suggested.

PMID- 4022434
TI  - [Solitary ulcer syndrome: anatomo-clinical aspects].
AB  - The clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histological aspects of a case of
      Isolated Ulcer Syndrome (IUS) of the rectum are examined. For over a decade and
      on the basis of its clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histological features,
      this condition was considered Ulcerous Rectocolitis and treated as such. The case
      presented serves to highlight the possibility of confusing this ulcer with other
      inflammatory colorectal conditions if only the clinical, radiological and
      endoscopic pictures are taken into consideration. The importance of histological
      examination of numerous bioptic samples is emphasised as essential for accurate
      diagnosis.

PMID- 4022435
TI  - [Splenic arrhythmia, a reliable sign of bilio-duodenal pathology].

PMID- 4022436
TI  - [Blood uric acid].

PMID- 4022437
TI  - [Risk of occurrence of pelvic inflammatory disease correlated with the duration
      of use of an intrauterine device].

PMID- 4022438
TI  - [Intrauterine contraceptive devices and ovarian actinomycosis].

PMID- 4022439
TI  - [Efficacy and limits of cerclage according to McDonald in the treatment of
      cervico-isthmic insufficiency].

PMID- 4022440
TI  - [Correlations between the increment of maternal weight and neonatal mortality in
      a population of low-weight newborn infants].

PMID- 4022441
TI  - [Fetal cyclic activity and its neurophysiologic implications].

PMID- 4022442
TI  - [Interactions between beta-mimetics and indices of feto-placental function].

PMID- 4022443
TI  - [Early diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. Introduction of hysteroscopy].

PMID- 4022444
TI  - Costal and crural diaphragm and intercostal muscle activity during augmented
      breaths in cats.
AB  - The pattern of electrical activity of the costal and crural diaphragm and the
      external intercostal muscles was ascertained in ten anesthetized spontaneously
      breathing cats during eupnea and during augmented breaths. All muscles studied
      manifested a biphasic activity pattern during augmented breaths. The increase in
      activity during the latter portion (phase II) of the augmented breaths was
      greater for the crural than the costal diaphragm (P less than 0.05), and greater
      for cranially located intercostal muscles than for the costal diaphragm (P less
      than 0.02) and more caudally located intercostal muscles (P less than 0.02).
      These results suggest that during augmented breaths, activity of different
      thoracic muscles is modulated in a non-uniform manner.

PMID- 4022445
TI  - Ascending responses induced by transmural nerve stimulation in the cat duodenum.
AB  - Electromyographic responses of the cat duodenum were recorded in vitro up to 5 cm
      oral to the site of transmural nerve stimulation. Repetitive stimulation induced
      ascending cholinergic and non-cholinergic excitatory responses characterized by
      an increase in the slow wave amplitude and spiking activity. Ascending inhibitory
      responses were also recorded and were characterized by a suppression of the
      spiking activity and a decrease in the slow wave amplitude. The ascending
      cholinergic excitatory response was abolished by atropine. The non-cholinergic
      excitatory and inhibitory responses both disappeared in the presence of
      tetrodotoxin.

PMID- 4022446
TI  - Central determination of recruitment order: intracellular study of phrenic
      motoneurons.
AB  - Simultaneous recordings were made intracellularly from phrenic motoneurons (PMs)
      and extracellularly from their central drivers, the inspiratory bulbospinal
      neurons (IBSNs) of the dorsal respiratory nucleus. On the basis of their order of
      recruitment from the beginning of inspiration (as estimated by the phrenic
      discharge). PMs and IBSNs were classified as early (E) or late (L) units. Unitary
      excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked in the PM by the IBSN were
      frequently observed between IBSNs and PMs with a similar recruitment, both E,
      11/28 or both L, 10/13, and were scarce between IBSNs and PMs with different
      recruitment. E and L, 8/28, or L and E, 2/11. Since measured membrane resistances
      of E and L PMs were not statistically different, the recruitment order of PMs may
      be considered as mainly determined by the timing (E or L) of the central drive
      that they received.

PMID- 4022447
TI  - Segmental distribution of afferent fibres in the left inferior cardiac nerve of
      the cat studied by anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The segmental projection of afferent fibres in the left inferior cardiac nerve of
      the cat was studied by using the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP). HRP-positive cell bodies were detected in ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia
      from segments T1 to T7. No labelled neurones were found at segments C8 and T8.
      The total number of labelled neurones ranged from 157 to 535 neurones in
      individual experiments. The majority of neurones (70-88%) were localized in the
      dorsal root ganglia of segments T2-T4. Labelled neurones were oval shaped, and
      most neurones had a long axis in the range from 20 to 40 microns.

PMID- 4022448
TI  - Post-trial flicker stimulation interferes with spatial memory in the Morris water
      maze.
AB  - Rats (n = 20) trained under monocular viewing conditions in the working memory
      version of Morris water maze task received daily a single acquisition trial with
      a new location of the invisible escape platform followed after 15 min by a single
      retrieval trial. Escape latency decreased by 50% during retrieval. Flash
      stimulation (20 Hz, 0.6 J) during the entire 15-min delay disrupted retention,
      but this effect was not observed when the flashes started 3 or 5 min after
      acquisition. It is concluded that successful place learning requires a brief
      interference-free post-acquisition interval.

PMID- 4022450
TI  - Pyrethroids and neuroactive pesticides. Proceedings of the Third International
      Conference on Neurotoxicity of Selected Chemicals. September 9-12, 1984, Little
      Rock, Arkansas.

PMID- 4022449
TI  - In vivo voltammetric determination of the kinetics of dopamine metabolism in the
      rat.
AB  - In vivo voltammetry at carbon paste electrodes placed in the striatum of chloral
      hydrate-anesthetized rats was used to monitor changes in extracellular 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) following 1-min periods of electrical
      stimulation of the ascending nigro-striatal pathways. Statistical analysis of
      resultant changes in DOPAC allows simultaneous determination of the rate
      constants for the turnover of both dopamine (DA) (0.046/min) and DOPAC
      (0.053/min.). The data demonstrate that there are substantial temporal
      differences between neuronal release of DA and changes in striatal DOPAC levels.
      This should be considered when metabolite measurements are used as an index of
      neurotransmitter activity.

PMID- 4022451
TI  - Physicochemical properties of pyrethroids and specific action-potential changes.

PMID- 4022452
TI  - Influence of mixed function oxygenase metabolism on the acute neurotoxicity of
      the pesticide chlordimeform in mice.

PMID- 4022453
TI  - Two mechanisms of pyrethroid action: electrophysiological and pharmacological
      evidence.

PMID- 4022454
TI  - Comparative effects of pyrethroids on neurons of target and non-target organisms.

PMID- 4022455
TI  - Ascending projections to the lateral thalamic nuclei from the substantia grisea
      centralis in the rat: a retrograde WGA-HRP study.
AB  - Ascending projections to the lateral thalamic nuclear group from the substantia
      grisea centralis (SGC) were studied by injections of wheat germ agglutinin
      conjugated with HRP (WGA-HRP) into the laterodorsal (LD) and lateroposterior (LP)
      thalamic nuclei. The present study demonstrated that the pars ventralis of the
      SGC at the levels of the intercollicular region and of the locus ceruleus sent
      fibers to both the LD and LP on both sides with homolateral predominance.
      Distribution pattern and morphological characteristics of the LD-projection
      neurons in the SGC were similar to those of SGC-LP projection cells. WGA-HRP
      injections into the LD or LP labeled also a considerable number of neurons in the
      dorsal raphe nucleus and the dorsal tegmental nucleus bilaterally with
      homolateral predominance, but the nucleus of Darkschewitsch contained labeled
      neurons only after the LD injection.

PMID- 4022456
TI  - Two types of rostroventral medulla neurons projecting to the trigeminal spinal
      nucleus as differentiated by the response to antidromic activation and the
      histological location.
AB  - A population of neurons in the rostroventral medulla, which send their axons to
      the subnucleus oralis of the trigeminal spinal nucleus of rats, could be
      differentiated into two types on the basis of their location and the variability
      of antidromic latency during repetitive stimulation at 10 Hz. Type A neurons were
      mostly located in the raphe magnus and were activated antidromically with a
      relatively long latency, which gradually increased during repetitive stimulation.
      By contrast, type B neurons were located in the medial portion of the
      gigantocellular reticular nucleus, and responded with a relatively short, stable
      antidromic latency.

PMID- 4022457
TI  - Enhancement by estrogen treatment of -bungarotoxin binding in fetal mouse
      amygdala cells reaggregated in vitro.
AB  - Dissociated amygdala cells from 17-day-old mouse fetuses were cultivated in a
      flask for 7 days to form aggregates. In the aggregates there developed typical
      synaptic structures and [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding capacity. An addition of
      estradiol (100 ng/ml) in the culture medium caused a significant increase in the
      toxin binding capacity. From these results it is concluded that estradiol
      enhances alpha-bungarotoxin binding capacity in the amygdala by exerting direct
      effects on the developing amygdala cells.

PMID- 4022458
TI  - Topographic organization of projections from the amygdala to the hypothalamus of
      the rat.
AB  - Afferent fibers from the amygdala to subdivisions of lateral, ventromedial and
      dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei were investigated in rat by retrograde transport
      of horseradish peroxidase. Small (intranuclear size) peroxidase deposits were
      placed in hypothalamic nuclei by iontophoresis of a tracer solution containing
      poly-L-alpha-ornithine which greatly limited diffusion. The medial, central and
      amygdalo-hippocampal nuclei of the amygdala were found to be the major donors of
      amygdaloid afferent fibers to the hypothalamus, but there was also substantial
      labeling of somata in cortical, basomedial, basolateral and lateral amygdaloid
      nuclei and the intra-amygdaloid bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. No fibers
      projected from the posterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala to the
      hypothalamus. Most amygdaloid projections to the lateral hypothalamic area
      originated in the anterior half of the amygdala, while projections to the
      ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus arose along the entire length of the amygdala
      except the posterior cortical nucleus. The amygdalo-hippocampal area projects to
      the medial hypothalamus. Other amygdaloid nuclei project to both the medial and
      lateral hypothalamic nuclei. These topographic organizations of amygdaloid
      afferent fibers to various subdivisions of the hypothalamic nuclei are discussed
      and compared with other anatomical studies on these connections.

PMID- 4022459
TI  - Claustral and amygdaloid afferents to the head of the caudate nucleus in macaque
      monkeys.
AB  - A single dose of horseradish peroxidase polyacrylamide gel (10%, 1.0 microliter)
      was injected, after callosotomy, into the head of the caudate nucleus in six
      macaque monkeys. In addition to the previously reported structures sending fibers
      to the caudate nucleus, such as the cerebral cortex, substantia innominata,
      thalamus, hypothalamus, substantia nigra and brainstem, labeled cells were found
      abundantly in the rostral portion of the ipsilateral claustrum, and fewer labeled
      cells were dispersed in the ipsilateral external and extreme capsules. Many
      labeled cells were also present in the ipsilateral insular cortex throughout its
      rostrocaudal extent. Moreover, labeled cells were seen ipsilaterally in the
      basolateral, basomedial, accessory basal, and cortical nuclei of the amygdaloid
      complex.

PMID- 4022460
TI  - Laminar distributions of neurons sensitive to acetylcholine, noradrenaline and
      dopamine in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the monkey.
AB  - Sensitivities of neurons to acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine
      (DA) were investigated at different depths of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
      (PFC) in awake or halothane-anesthetized macaque monkeys, using
      microiontophoretic techniques with multi-barreled electrodes. The laminar
      locations of tested neurons (n = 403) were estimated by reconstructing electrode
      tracks based on the microlesion made by passing a current through the recording
      barrel, which contained a carbon fiber. Iontophoretically applied drugs induced
      excitatory or inhibitory responses. Neurons excited by ACh (n = 105) were located
      mainly in layers III and V, and those inhibited by ACh (n = 126) were in layers
      III and IV. The majority of the NA-sensitive neurons (n = 123) were NA-inhibited
      neurons (n = 100), and were found most often in layers III and IV. The ratio of
      DA-sensitive neurons (excited, n = 74; inhibited, n = 63) to tested neurons was
      higher in the deep layers than in the superficial ones. These results indicate
      that sensitivities of the PFC neurons to ACh, NA and DA are not uniform between
      cortical layers, suggesting that each of these substances may predominantly
      influence the neuronal activity of particular layers of the monkey PFC.

PMID- 4022461
TI  - Effects of lesion of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal on vestibular horizontal
      canal neurons in the cat.
AB  - Effects of procaine infusion into the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) on
      vestibular nuclear neurons related to the horizontal canal were studied in cats
      anesthetized with nitrous oxide and paralyzed with gallamine. Neurons that
      responded to sinusoidal horizontal rotation (at 0.18 Hz) were recorded
      extracellularly in the medial and descending vestibular nuclei. Spontaneous
      activity of type I neurons increased, whereas that of type II neurons decreased
      following procaine infusion into the ipsilateral INC. Gain of the neuronal
      response to horizontal rotation decreased after the ipsilateral INC infusion, but
      there was no consistent effect on phase. Infusion into the contralateral INC
      seemed less effective. Similar effects were obtained with electrolytic lesions
      that were confined to the ipsilateral INC area. These results suggest that the
      INC influences type I neurons through inhibitory action of type II neurons and
      that it eventually controls the gain, but not the phase, of the horizontal
      vestibular reflexes.

PMID- 4022462
TI  - Calcium and vitamin D intakes influence the risk of bowel cancer in men.

PMID- 4022463
TI  - Breast feeding and child development at five years.

PMID- 4022464
TI  - Cimetidine inhibits the hepatic hydroxylation of vitamin D.

PMID- 4022465
TI  - Adverse effects of orally administered tin.

PMID- 4022466
TI  - Decrease in collagen synthesis due to fasting.

PMID- 4022467
TI  - New recommendations for high blood pressure control: guidelines for all NPs.

PMID- 4022468
TI  - Legal parameters of drug prescriptions by NPs.
AB  - Nurse practitioners' roles are expanding to include greater legal responsibility
      as caregivers and as expert witnesses in courts of law. Many states allow the
      expanding role to include the prescription of drugs, usually within a protocol or
      standing-order framework. Other states prohibit nurses from prescribing drugs. As
      the responsibilities of nurse practitioners grow, so should their authority to
      determine what they consider to be nursing practice. It is the purpose of this
      article to explicate the ways in which the law has treated the subject of drug
      prescriptions by nurses with a special emphasis on nurse practitioners'
      responsibilities.

PMID- 4022469
TI  - Dose rates from patients having nuclear medicine investigations.
AB  - Dose rates have been measured at 0.1 m, 0.5 m and 1.0 m from patients in a
      Nuclear Medicine Department. Data are presented for a variety of Nuclear Medicine
      procedures using doses of radiopharmaceuticals within the recommendations of the
      administration of Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee (ARSAC). The
      corresponding figures when the patient left the department, and the time average
      dose rate over the next 8 h were calculated. At 1.0 m the dose rates do not
      exceed 7.5 microSv h-1, and at 0.5 m the time average dose rate does not exceed
      60 microSv h-1. Assuming that the nurse is as close to the patient as 0.1 m for
      20 min in a working day, the accumulated dose over a working day would not exceed
      60 microSv.

PMID- 4022470
TI  - Performance of two new solid-phase ligand assays for TSH using monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Three ligand assays for TSH using monoclonal antibodies, an IRMA, an ELISA and a
      DELFIA were compared with a standard DAB RIA technique. The IRMA proved to be
      superior in respect to sensitivity, precision, reproducibility and practicality.
      The highest sensitivity yet, was achieved by DELFIA. IRMA, ELISA and DELFIA are
      performable on a daily routine basis. ELISA and DELFIA have the additional
      advantage of being non-isotopic immunoassays (NIIA). Under routine conditions
      IRMA reveals the best discrimination of hyperthyroid from euthyroid patients by
      basal TSH. This fact improves the TSH determination's clinical value considerably
      and may in the future--if confirmed--change the diagnostic schemes in use at
      present, e.g. rendering most of the TRH-tests unnecessary.

PMID- 4022471
TI  - Validity of the geometric mean correction in the quantification of whole bowel
      transit.
AB  - The accurate interpretation of gastrointestinal transit studies often requires
      quantification of the data. Particles radiolabelled with indium-111 have been
      monitored using a gamma camera, during transit through the stomach and the small
      and large intestines of normal subjects. The count rates measured from either
      anterior or posterior images alone showed considerable variations, and depended
      on the site of the tracer within the gut. The geometric mean values of
      corresponding anterior and posterior count rates remained almost constant
      throughout each study.

PMID- 4022472
TI  - Paradoxical phase changes induced by myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 4022473
TI  - The dynamic effect of chewing gum on gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 4022474
TI  - Distribution of 110Ag-silver nitrate prophylaxis solutions following eyedrop
      application to the albino rabbit.
AB  - The distribution of radioactive silver-110 labelled silver nitrate in the eye of
      the albino rabbit was determined by eyedrop application of 1, 2 and 6% solutions.
      The distribution of the radiotracer was determined at 1 h and 1 day post
      application. Localization at 1 h was primarily in the cornea and conjunctiva.
      Washout of this radiotracer was rapid.

PMID- 4022475
TI  - Female genital mutilation.
AB  - Genital mutilation of females constitutes a significant health hazard to the
      emotional and psychological status of women in many parts of the world. The
      anthropologic, cultural and social rationale for this custom is complex and case
      specific. The practice of female circumcision is nearly world-wide in its
      distribution and the extent of the genital alteration varies widely. Attitudes
      regarding a woman's role in society impact strongly on the acceptance and
      perpetration of this practice. Health care workers in the western world are
      encountering female circumcision as world travel becomes more frequently
      available for Third World citizens. Over 25 per cent of women subjected to the
      more severe forms of circumcision, i.e., "Pharaonic," suffer serious physical
      complications. The current status and remedial measures being undertaken in the
      Sudan and Somalia are reviewed. The question of, why is there any form of genital
      mutilation for either sex, is raised.

PMID- 4022476
TI  - Amniotic fluid embolism. Three case reports with a review of the literature.
AB  - Amniotic fluid embolism is a catastrophic event of the intra- and early
      postpartum period which may also be seen with cesarean delivery and during
      abortions. Presenting symptomatology includes respiratory distress with cyanosis,
      shock, and possibly tonic-clonic seizures. DIC frequently occurs. The
      pathogenesis may include entry of amniotic fluid through lacerations or ruptures
      of the uterus or cervix, through endocervical veins and through abnormal
      uteroplacental sites, such as with placental abruption, placenta previa, or
      placenta accreta. Amniotic fluid probably causes cardiovascular-respiratory
      symptoms by pulmonary vascular obstruction and through a vasoactive substance
      causing pulmonary vascular constriction. The lethality of amniotic fluid may be
      enhanced by a high particulate content or meconium staining. The diagnosis of
      amniotic fluid embolism may be made ante mortem by demonstrating amniotic fluid
      debris in central blood samples or expectorated sputum. Postmortem diagnosis
      often requires meticulous examination of the pulmonary microvasculature with the
      utilization of special stains. Treatment is directed towards symptoms of shock,
      arterial hypoxemia, and DIC. Acute renal failure may complicate the picture after
      shock. If the patient survives the embolic and coagulative problems, recovery is
      usually complete without long-term sequelae.

PMID- 4022477
TI  - Ovarian abscess. Report of a case and a review of the literature.

PMID- 4022478
TI  - Macrosomia--maternal characteristics and infant complications.
AB  - Using a 1982 to 1983 regional network data bank of 33,545 delivered infants, a
      study was conducted comparing 574 macrosomic infants weighing greater than 4500 g
      to a control group of 18,739 infants whose birth weights were 2500 to 3499 g.
      Macrosomic infants occurred in 1.7% of the deliveries. Women delivering
      macrosomic infants were significantly older, of higher parity, more obese
      (greater than 90 kg), and more frequently diabetic and postmature (longer than 42
      weeks) than the controls. The women having macrosomic infants had a higher
      frequency of cesarean deliveries. The macrosomic infants were more often male and
      had more birth trauma and shoulder dystocia, higher death rates, and lower Apgar
      scores. Five-minute Apgar scores were lowest in the very macrosomic subgroup
      (greater than 5000 g). The high-risk group triad included obesity, diabetes, and
      post-dates and had a macrosomia frequency of 5 to 14%. Macrosomic infants
      delivered by cesarean section had significantly fewer birth injuries. Because of
      these serious perinatal problems, women at risk should be screened for macrosomic
      infants, and if found, they should be delivered electively by cesarean section.

PMID- 4022479
TI  - Use of beta-methasone in management of preterm gestation with premature rupture
      of membranes.
AB  - Use of corticosteroids in the management of rupture of the membranes in a preterm
      gestation was evaluated. Ninety-three mothers (105 infants) received beta
      methasone, whereas 105 mothers (112 infants) did not. The incidence of
      significant neonatal respiratory complications was statistically higher for beta
      methasone-treated (26.6%) compared with non-treated patients (11.1%) who
      delivered more than 48 hours after rupture of membranes. Neonatal septic
      complications also were significantly higher in treated (21.3%) than in
      nontreated (9.2%) patients delivered 48 hours after rupture of membranes.
      Maternal sepsis was not statistically different between the two groups. In the
      nonsteroid-treated patients, the incidence of significant respiratory distress
      syndrome was greater for those infants delivered within 48 hours (31.0%) than
      those delivered more than 48 hours (11.1%) from rupture of membranes. The data
      support conservative management and indicate that corticosteroid administration
      in a preterm gestation with rupture of membranes is not beneficial to the
      newborn.

PMID- 4022480
TI  - A five-year experience with terbutaline for preterm labor: low rate of severe
      side effects.
AB  - The medical records of 330 patients treated with terbutaline infusion for the
      inhibition of preterm labor were reviewed over a five-year period. In patients
      with intact membranes the results were uniformly good, particularly when
      treatment was instituted before the 30th week. Half these patients had a
      prolonged labor of six weeks or more; in most cases of treatment failure
      complications already existed on admission. In only nine patients (2.7%)
      terbutaline treatment was stopped due to side effects: predominantly maternal
      tachycardia or vomiting. Two patients had chest symptoms, but in no case was
      pulmonary edema diagnosed. The results suggested that a low incidence of severe
      side effects can be obtained if the following precautions are taken: glucose is
      used as the infusion medium, instead of sodium chloride; concentrated solutions
      are given to avoid fluid overload; the patients are carefully controlled; and the
      infusion is immediately reduced or stopped if signs of severe side effects
      appear.

PMID- 4022481
TI  - Physical abuse in pregnancy.
AB  - Screening interviews to determine the extent of physical abuse were conducted for
      742 women seen in the University of Virginia obstetric clinics. Eighty-one women
      (10.9%) reported that they had experienced abuse at some point in the past. These
      women were more likely to be divorced or separated, indigent, and less educated
      than were the non-abused control patients. They were more likely to have had
      emotional problems, and 20% had attempted suicide. Twenty-nine of the 81 women
      reported abuse during the current pregnancy, with 21% reporting increased abuse
      and 36% noting decreased abuse during pregnancy. Women living with an abusive
      partner did not experience a greater frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes than
      did those who had left abusive relationships. An awareness of the extent of the
      problem and direct questioning will result in an increased identification of
      women who are at risk for physical abuse during pregnancy.

PMID- 4022482
TI  - Fetal tachycardia as an indicator of maternal and neonatal morbidity.
AB  - Presented is a prospective, controlled study to determine if intrapartum fetal
      tachycardia is reliable as an indicator of maternal and fetal infectious
      morbidity. Thirty neonates with defined intrapartum tachycardia were matched by
      gestational age and weight with 30 control subjects without defined tachycardia.
      There was a significant difference in maternal febrile morbidity and a trend
      toward a difference in maternal infectious morbidity between the two groups.
      There was no significant difference in maternal complications at delivery or
      administration of antibiotics to the mother. Among the neonates, there was a
      significant difference in administration of antibiotics and the incidence of
      respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) between the two groups; however, both of
      these were significantly related to birth weight. There was no significant
      difference between the two groups in duration of ruptured membranes, duration of
      labor, number of vaginal examinations, or antepartum anemia. Only one study
      infant had a bacteremia. The data confirm an increased risk of neonatal
      complications, such as RDS, asphyxia, and meconium aspiration, in association
      with intrapartum fetal tachycardia.

PMID- 4022483
TI  - Effect of anesthesia for repeat cesarean section on postoperative infectious
      morbidity.
AB  - It has been suggested that general anesthesia is a risk factor for postcesarean
      infectious morbidity. A retrospective review of 206 women who underwent repeat
      cesarean delivery at Duke University Medical Center was conducted. Group 1
      consisted of 106 patients whose repeat cesarean section was performed with
      regional anesthesia, and group 2 included 100 patients whose repeat cesarean
      section was performed with general anesthesia. Group 2 patients were more likely
      to be of low socioeconomic status. There were no statistically significant
      differences between the two groups with regard to multiple indexes of
      postoperative fever or infection, including febrile morbidity, diagnosis of
      infection, use of therapeutic antibiotics, fever index, and postoperative
      hospital stay. General anesthesia, as administered to patients in the present
      series, does not increase the risk of infectious morbidity after repeat cesarean
      delivery.

PMID- 4022484
TI  - Effects of intravenous ritodrine on lactate and pyruvate levels: role of glycemia
      and anaerobiosis.
AB  - The role of glycemia in ritodrine-induced hyperlactatemia was assessed by
      measuring lactate and pyruvate levels and studying glycemia in patients treated
      with intravenous ritodrine for premature labor. Lactate levels were increased
      moderately by ritodrine and paralleled the levels of glucose; a similar
      parallelism also was observed in the glucose-administration group. Pyruvate
      levels also changed in proportion to lactate levels in this latter group, whereas
      in patients given ritodrine, pyruvate changed little and the lactate/pyruvate
      ratio was increased. These findings are discussed in terms of possible metabolic
      and vasopressor consequences of beta-adrenergic stimulation, with emphasis on the
      potential roles of increased glycemia and anaerobiosis.

PMID- 4022485
TI  - Postmenopausal uterine bleeding of nonorganic cause.
AB  - Eighty-nine patients with postmenopausal uterine bleeding were studied focusing
      on the nonorganic causes of bleeding. Atrophic endometrium was found in 82%,
      proliferative endometrium in 7%, and secretory endometrium in 1% of patients.
      Carcinoma was uncommon, found in only 7% of patients. Hysteroscopy was an
      invaluable adjunct to dilatation and curettage in diagnosing bleeding due to
      atrophic endometrium as 42% of such cases yielded no tissue on curettage. The
      clinical entity of bleeding atrophic endometrium is discussed.

PMID- 4022486
TI  - Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the pregnant cervix.
AB  - To determine the prevalence of infection and colonization with Chlamydia
      trachomatis in pregnant women of low socioeconomic status, 363 women (age range
      15 to 48 years; median age 24) were screened. Cultures for C trachomatis were
      obtained prospectively. Chlamydia trachomatis was recovered from 16.8% of the
      patients. The incidence of infection ranged from 18.4% in the group age 15 to 19
      through 13% in the group age 30 to 39, to 0% in the 40 and older group. Thus, in
      the population studies, C trachomatis was found more commonly in the younger age
      groups. The high isolation rates seen suggest that routine screening and
      treatment may be warranted to prevent spread of C trachomatis infections to
      sexual partners and neonates.

PMID- 4022487
TI  - Initial evaluation of an ambulatory system for home monitoring and transmission
      of uterine activity data.
AB  - A system capable of ambulatory home monitoring of uterine activity and data
      transmission was evaluated in a group of pregnant patients. The evaluation
      focused on three questions: 1) Is the information as reliable as that obtained by
      the current stationary monitors; 2) Does the information obtained by the tested
      system relate to that obtained by direct intrauterine pressure measurements; and
      3) Is the system simple enough to be used by the unsupervised gravida at home?
      The results indicate that the tested system can provide reliable information
      about uterine activity in ambulatory patients. A good correlation between the
      intensity of contractions and the recording of uterine activity by this system
      could be demonstrated, particularly in the presence of mild to moderate
      contractions. The tested monitor proved to be simple to use even in the untrained
      gravida. Additional studies to determine the role of ambulatory home monitoring
      of uterine activity in patients with cervical cerclage, placenta previa, and
      preterm labor will need to be performed to establish its role in current
      obstetric practice.

PMID- 4022488
TI  - Familial occurrence of mature ovarian teratomas.
AB  - It has been suggested that genetic predisposing factors play a role in the
      development of ovarian teratomas. Familial occurrence of these tumors would
      support this view. Reported herein are identical twins, both of whom had a right
      ovarian mature teratoma. In both cases the presenting symptoms were acute
      torsion. The diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy and subsequent histopathologic
      examination. The origin of ovarian teratomas seems to be linked to the process of
      parthenogenesis. This process probably involves a germ cell after its first
      meiotic division.

PMID- 4022489
TI  - A technique for uterine conservation in adolescents with vaginal agenesis and a
      functional uterus.
AB  - Vaginal agenesis in association with a functional uterus occurs infrequently, and
      usually presents in adolescents. To preserve reproductive function, the uterus
      must be conserved, and a vagina must be constructed in one operative procedure.
      The authors describe a surgical technique that combines a modified McIndoe
      vaginoplasty with uterine conservation in which a special stent is fabricated to
      insert in the uterine cervix and the neovagina. Factors that must be considered
      when choosing between a hysterectomy and a uterine conservation procedure also
      are discussed.

PMID- 4022490
TI  - Uterine rupture and epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 4022492
TI  - Plastic (Bleier) clip high failure rate.

PMID- 4022491
TI  - Catastrophic uterine rupture.

PMID- 4022493
TI  - Accurate gestational dating.
AB  - Gestational age by four ultrasonic parameters (biparietal diameter, head
      circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length) was calculated for 210
      normal obstetric patients divided into four gestational age groups based on time
      of first ultrasound examination. Accuracy of the calculations was determined by
      comparison of each technique and a simple arithmetic average of the four
      techniques to the gestational age calculated from the Dubowitz examination of the
      neonate after delivery. The analysis indicated that each ultrasonic technique has
      certain advantages and disadvantages, but that the simple arithmetic average of
      the four techniques had the lowest systematic and random error.

PMID- 4022494
TI  - Lung profile: sex differences in normal pregnancy.
AB  - The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is higher in male than in
      female infants. The lung profiles--lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios, percent
      disaturated (acetone precipitated) lecithin, phosphatidylglycerol, and
      phosphatidylinositol--were obtained in amniotic fluid during 164 normal
      pregnancies of 30 or more weeks' gestation. The profiles were evaluated to
      determine any sex differences in fetal development of the surfactant components.
      According to regression analysis the L/S ratios for females reached 2:1 at 33.7
      weeks, which is 1.4 weeks earlier than males. A similar trend was evident for
      disaturated lecithin. Phosphatidylglycerol first appeared at 34 weeks' gestation
      for females and 35 weeks for males. The rate of the increase in
      phosphatidylglycerol was higher in females than in males. Phosphatidylinositol
      began to decrease after 36 weeks for females and fell to levels below that of
      males after 37 weeks' gestation. All four indexes of the lung profile revealed a
      higher degree of lung maturity in female than in male fetuses during the last two
      months of normal pregnancy. This explains a higher incidence of RDS in male than
      in female infants.

PMID- 4022495
TI  - Preeclampsia/eclampsia: hemodynamic and neurologic correlations.
AB  - Three patients with eclampsia and four with severe preeclampsia underwent
      pulmonary artery catheterization before either labor or significant volume
      infusion. There was no difference in systemic or pulmonary vascular resistance,
      cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index, or any other hemodynamic
      parameters between the eclamptic and severely preeclamptic patients. Despite the
      small numbers, plasma colloid osmotic pressures were significantly lower in the
      eclamptic patients. Factors other than the intensity of peripheral vasospasm may
      primarily affect the occurrence of grand mal seizures in patients with
      preeclampsia.

PMID- 4022496
TI  - Pregnancy related to infertility diagnosis, number of attempts, and age in a
      program of in vitro fertilization.
AB  - Three hundred nineteen infertility patients who did not become pregnant with
      standard therapies presented to Norfolk for in vitro fertilization between
      January 1981 and December 1983. There were 560 laparoscopic cycles with 105
      pregnancies. The pregnancy rate was 18.8% by cycle, 24.5% by transfer, and 33% by
      patient. The overall pregnancy rate was found to be independent of infertility
      diagnosis, age, and number of attempts.

PMID- 4022497
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the vulva.
AB  - During the years 1969 to 1982, 16 patients with primary malignant melanoma of the
      vulva were entered into the Tumor Registry at the University of Miami Jackson
      Memorial Medical Center. The mean age was 55, with a range of 18 to 89 years.
      Treatment was primarily by radial vulvectomy with bilateral groin and pelvic node
      dissection. Survival was correlated to FIGO staging, Clark and Breslow
      classifications, and lymph node involvement. Survival correlated best to tumor
      thickness and Clark levels. Patients with Clark level 2 or less and less than 1.5
      mm depth of penetration had the best prognosis. Lymph node involvement was
      present in 25% of the patients, and there were no survivors in this group. There
      were no instances of positive pelvic nodes when the groin nodes were negative,
      and routine pelvic lymphadenectomy is not recommended.

PMID- 4022498
TI  - Prognostic significance of groin lymph node metastases in squamous carcinoma of
      the vulva.
AB  - A retrospective review of the clinical and histologic findings in 48 cases of
      stages I, II, and III (excluding T3) squamous carcinoma of the vulva with
      positive groin nodes reveals the prognostic significance of the size and number
      of the nodal metastases. Other factors such as the morphology of the lymph nodes
      and the histologic features of the primary neoplasm are not nearly as
      significant. Patients with only one or two small nodal metastases have an
      excellent outlook for survival providing that adequate margins can be obtained
      around the primary tumor and that thorough groin node dissections can be
      performed. These patients do not appear to need adjuvant radiation or pelvic node
      dissection. A further finding is that patients with unilateral labial carcinomas
      do not have metastases to the opposite groin in the absence of ipsilateral groin
      metastases, although six of 21 patients had metastases to both groins.

PMID- 4022499
TI  - Microglandular hyperplasia of the uterine cervix.
AB  - Forty-three cases of microglandular hyperplasia of the cervix seen during a 3.5
      year period are reported. The series is unusual in that more than one-half of the
      patients had no history of oral contraceptive use and three patients were
      postmenopausal. Additionally, evidence of estrogenic stimulation was present in
      eight cases. The role of estrogens and progestogens in the development of
      microglandular hyperplasia is discussed. The authors consider microglandular
      hyperplasia to be an unusual and florid form of reserve cell hyperplasia with
      glandular differentiation.

PMID- 4022500
TI  - Comparison of clinical and surgical-staging in patients with endometrial
      carcinoma.
AB  - The preoperative clinical and radiologic findings and staging were compared with
      the operative and pathological findings and surgical staging in 62 consecutive
      patients with endometrial carcinoma. Overall, the tumor grade was changed in
      33.8% of the patients, and the histologic type of tumor was changed in 27.4% of
      the patients. The preoperative clinical staging was changed in 51% of the
      patients after surgery. The change for the stage was as follows: stage I, 30.4%;
      stage II, 62.5%, stage III, 60%; and stage IV, 0%. The endocervical curettage was
      found to have a 50% false-positive rate and a 13% false-negative rate.

PMID- 4022501
TI  - Conservative treatment of borderline ovarian tumors.
AB  - Of 61 patients with stage IA borderline ovarian tumors, 41 were treated with
      total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and 20 were
      treated by a variety of more limited operations, including cystectomy with (one
      patient) and without (three patients) a contralateral ovarian wedge biopsy, and
      unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with (six patients) and without (ten patients) a
      contralateral wedge biopsy. In the group treated conservatively, there were 11
      serous, seven mucinous, and two mixed seromucinous borderline tumors, whereas in
      the total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy treatment
      group there were 26 serious, 12 mucinous, and three mixed seromucinous borderline
      tumors. After a mean follow-up of 89 months (range 36 to 244 months), subsequent
      borderline neoplasms had developed in three patients (15%) with serious
      borderline tumors initially treated conservatively and in two patients (5%) with
      serous or mixed seromucinous borderline tumors initially treated with total
      abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. No patient with a
      mucinous borderline tumor treated either conservatively or with total abdominal
      hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy developed a subsequent neoplasm.
      All 61 patients in the study group are alive and free of disease, including those
      who developed recurrent neoplasm.

PMID- 4022502
TI  - Histopathologic correlations of estrogen and progestin receptor protein in
      epithelial ovarian carcinomas.
AB  - One hundred thirteen primary epithelial ovarian cancers were analyzed for
      estrogen and progestin receptor content and the results compared with multiple
      histologic parameters (grade, necrosis, fibrosis, lymphocyte infiltration,
      mitoses, tumor giant cells, psammoma bodies, stroma). Grade 4 cancers had a
      statistically greater likelihood of containing estrogen receptors (P = .03) than
      did lower grade cancers. However, grade 3 tumor samples containing abundant (3+
      and 4+) mitoses had a significantly greater number of estrogen receptor negative
      cancers (P = .01) than did cancers containing none to moderate (0-2+) mitoses.
      The only histologic parameter that demonstrated any statistically significant
      association with progestin receptor content was the presence of lymphocyte
      infiltration. Samples demonstrating moderate (2+ and 3+) lymphocyte infiltration
      had a significantly (P = .005) greater chance of being progestin receptor
      negative than cancers containing none to minimal (0 to 1+) lymphocyte
      infiltration. This study suggests that estrogen and progestin receptor content of
      epithelial ovarian cancers is associated with grade and mitoses (estrogen
      receptor) and lymphocyte infiltration (progestin receptor). With the exception of
      these relationships, the estrogen and progestin receptor content of ovarian
      cancers appears independent of all of the histologic parameters examined.

PMID- 4022503
TI  - New multipronged fetal scalp electrode: a preliminary report.
AB  - Presented is a preliminary report of the use of a new type of scalp electrode
      (patent pending), which, because of its design, may have the advantage of
      improved safety. It was used on 40 patients in labor. To confirm the quality of
      the recording, in all cases, a fetal electrocardiogram was also obtained.
      Application was achieved on the first attempt in 37 cases in two additional cases
      on the second attempt. There were no reported cases of the electrode being
      dislodged during labor. The quality of the recording was reported to be good.
      There were no reported cases of trauma to the fetal scalp nor were there any
      cases of infection noted.

PMID- 4022504
TI  - Effects of thermal knives on wound healing.
AB  - Tissue response to injury caused by the electrosurgical scalpel, the hemostatic
      Shaw scalpel, the CO2 laser, and a standard steel scalpel have been compared.
      Subcutaneous incisions in pigs were evaluated histologically at 1, 4, 7, 14, and
      22 days postincision. The least damage was produced by the standard steel scalpel
      at all time periods. Epithelial migration started on day 1 for the standard steel
      scalpel, on day 4 for the Shaw scalpel, and only on day 7 for the electrosurgical
      scalpel and laser knives. Lateral thermal necrotic zones were found for all three
      thermal knives. Tensile testing showed no significant differences in the early
      postincision tissue strength. By day 14 wounds made with the standard steel
      scalpel were stronger than those made with the Shaw and electrosurgical scalpel.
      These findings indicate that thermal injury delays the wound healing process.

PMID- 4022505
TI  - Intraoperative ultrasound for gynecologic procedures.
AB  - Recent technological advances in portable dynamic imaging equipment allow for the
      performance of intraoperative ultrasound examinations during certain gynecologic
      procedures. Reported is the authors' technique for such an examination and
      outlined are specific vaginal and abdominal gynecologic procedures wherein
      adjunctive ultrasound may facilitate performance of the operative procedure,
      enhance safety, and decrease the possibility of complications.

PMID- 4022506
TI  - Perinatal ethics: a practical method of analysis of obligations to mother and
      fetus.
AB  - The ethical principles of beneficence and respect for autonomy enable the
      physician to identify and consider seriously moral conflicts in modern obstetric
      care. The authors identify four types of conflicts, provide an analysis of them,
      and suggest strategies for resolving them in clinical practice.

PMID- 4022507
TI  - Piperacillin versus clindamycin plus gentamicin for pelvic infections.

PMID- 4022508
TI  - Estriol versus nonstress testing.

PMID- 4022509
TI  - Maternal liver impairment associated with prolonged high-dose administration of
      terbutaline for premature labor.
AB  - Widespread use of beta 2-sympathomimetic therapy for premature labor has resulted
      in a diverse number of serious maternal complications, ie, pulmonary edema,
      myocardial ischemia, etc. However, to the authors' knowledge, there has been only
      one previous report of mild maternal liver impairment associated with this
      therapy. Recently, a patient developed marked elevation of liver enzymes (serum
      glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) during
      therapy with terbutaline sulfate for premature labor.

PMID- 4022510
TI  - Toxemia in a patient with none of the standard signs and symptoms of
      preeclampsia.
AB  - A case of gravida presenting with upper abdominal pain, an elevated serum
      glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase level, and thrombocytopenia, all of which
      resolved promptly after delivery, and with none of the standard signs and
      symptoms needed for the diagnosis of preeclampsia is presented. The issues of how
      this case relates to preeclampsia, nomenclature, differential diagnosis, and
      management are discussed.

PMID- 4022511
TI  - Fetal heart rate decelerations after oxytocin infusion in an abdominal pregnancy.
AB  - Fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations during a contraction stress test are
      recognized as signs of possible uteroplacental insufficiency. Although these
      decelerations have been described commonly in intrauterine pregnancies, they have
      not been noted in extrauterine pregnancies. Reported herein are FHR decelerations
      associated with oxytocin infusion in an extrauterine pregnancy and a discussion
      of the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.

PMID- 4022512
TI  - Hydrops from reciprocating atrioventricular tachycardia in a 27-week fetus
      requiring quinidine for conversion.
AB  - A 27-week fetus with severe nonimmune hydrops was found to have a reciprocating
      atrioventricular tachycardia with the rate of 275 beats per minute. Maternal
      digitalization produced improvement without conversion. Large doses of
      propranolol were without effect. Twelve days later quinidine was added, and
      conversion to sinus rhythm occurred after only two hours and persisted to term.
      The infant has no heart disease. Literature review confirms digoxin as the first
      choice for treatment of fetal reciprocating tachycardia, with excellent
      transplacental passage. Propranolol has not been demonstrably effective, and has
      poor placental passage. Verapamil also produced poor cord blood levels in two
      trials. Placental passage for procainamide is uncertain, but long-term use has
      been unsatisfactory. Quinidine is recommended as the second drug for treatment of
      resistant fetal tachyrhythmias.

PMID- 4022513
TI  - Neonatal apnea associated with maternal clonazepam therapy: a case report.
AB  - A 2750-g female infant was born at 36 weeks' gestation to a 40-year-old woman
      treated with clonazepam throughout her pregnancy. The infant developed apnea,
      cyanosis, and hypotonia within a few hours of birth. The mother's serum
      clonazepam level at delivery was 32 ng/mL; the cord blood level was 19 ng/mL. The
      infant had no congenital malformations, evidence of infection, or seizures.
      Clinical episodes ceased by ten days of age. The woman elected to breastfeed;
      breast milk clonazepam levels were between 11 and 13 ng/mL. She was discharged
      with a cardiorespiratory monitor. The authors suggest that infants of mothers
      receiving this agent during pregnancy or while nursing have serum levels
      measured. Additionally, these infants should be monitored for central nervous
      system depression or apnea.

PMID- 4022514
TI  - Pruritus and hyperplacentosis.
AB  - Hyperplacentosis refers to the maternal manifestations of increased placental
      activity, such as elevated human chorionic gonadotropin, theca luteal cysts,
      preeclampsia, and/or pruritus. Six cases of apparent hyperplacentosis were
      diagnosed in the third trimester because of maternal complaints of pruritus. The
      association of maternal or fetal complications with hyperplacentosis is
      described.

PMID- 4022515
TI  - Intravenous immunoglobulin in pregnancy.
AB  - A woman with variable hypogammaglobulinemia was treated with an intravenous
      immunoglobulin preparation during pregnancy. The immunoglobulin G1, 2, and 3
      subclasses were all transferred to the fetus.

PMID- 4022516
TI  - Class H diabetes and pregnancy.
AB  - Class H diabetes is defined as the presence of diabetes of any duration
      associated with ischemic myocardial disease. Because of a lack of experience with
      the coexistence of myocardial ischemic disease and diabetes during pregnancy, it
      is difficult to offer patients an accurate prognosis for mother and infant during
      such a gestation. Previous reports suggest that outcomes in this situation are
      almost routinely poor. It is likely, however, that there is a subset of patients
      within the class H diabetic population in whom pregnancy can be successful.
      Reported are the pregnancies of three such patients. The authors suggest that
      careful attention to cardiac status and glycemic control contribute to both
      maternal and fetal well-being. Prepregnancy screening of class H patients for
      evidence of cardiac dysfunction may allow for the screening of those class H
      diabetic women who are most likely to achieve successful pregnancy outcome.

PMID- 4022517
TI  - Successful treatment of maternal septicemia due to Listeria monocytogenes at 26
      weeks' gestation.
AB  - A case of successful therapy with ampicillin of maternal septicemia due to
      Listeria monocytogenes at 26 weeks' gestation with resultant delivery at term of
      a normal neonate is reported. The ability to positively influence the outcome of
      hematogenously acquired maternal-fetal infection is stressed.

PMID- 4022518
TI  - Plasmapheresis for the treatment of repeated early pregnancy wastage associated
      with anti-P.
AB  - It has been proposed that the blood group antibody, anti-P, produced by p or Pk
      individuals may cause abortion early in pregnancy. The authors have studied and
      successfully treated a Pk woman with anti-P who had 13 consecutive first
      trimester miscarriages. Anti-P was implicated as the cause of repeated pregnancy
      loss after extensive clinical, endocrinologic, immunologic, and chromosomal
      evaluations. To remove P blood group antibodies, plasmapheresis was begun at five
      weeks' gestation during the 14th pregnancy with one plasma volume exchange two to
      three times per week. This therapy resulted in a reduction in the titer of anti
      P, and the patient was delivered of a viable female infant after 33 weeks'
      gestation. The management and outcome indicate that habitual abortion presumably
      due to anti-P can be successfully treated with plasmapheresis. This case provides
      additional evidence that anti-P is responsible for abortions in p or Pk women,
      and that these abortions are immunologically mediated.

PMID- 4022519
TI  - A case of endometriosis of the lung treated with danazol.
AB  - A 25-year-old Japanese woman, complaining of catamenial hemoptysis and severe
      cough complicated with menorrhalgia, was diagnosed as having pulmonary and pelvic
      endometriosis. She was treated with danazol for 20 weeks. Significant improvement
      of her condition was achieved during the treatment period. Catamenial hemoptysis
      recurred at the first menstruation after termination of the treatment.
      Readministration of danazol was refused. Therefore, surgical removal of the
      affected lobe of the right lung was performed. Cases of this rare disorder are
      reviewed.

PMID- 4022520
TI  - Endometriosis associated with ascites.
AB  - Pelvic endometriosis associated with massive ascites is an unusual occurrence.
      Only 12 cases have been reported since 1954 when Brews first described this
      entity. The authors present two cases recently encountered at Saga Medical School
      Hospital. Clinical courses and operative findings are described and other cases
      from the literature are reviewed. The possible etiologic mechanisms of the
      ascites are explored and the possibility of conservative surgery and hormonal
      therapy with danazol is discussed.

PMID- 4022521
TI  - Primary breast cancer of the vulva.
AB  - Adenocarcinoma originating in a focus of mammary tissue in the vulva is an
      extremely rare occurrence. Only three such cases have been reported in the
      literature. Herein, the fourth example of a primary cancer developing in vulvar
      mammary tissue is described. Extension to regional lymph nodes is documented, as
      well as the presence of estrogen receptors in this tumor. Immunohistochemical
      evidence is rendered supporting an origin from mammary anlage.

PMID- 4022522
TI  - Chronic granulomatous disease in pregnancy.
AB  - The ability of phagocytes to kill certain bacteria is impaired in chronic
      granulomatous disease. This results in frequent infection in the childhood period
      and frequent death in the early teens. Survival beyond this period is rare and
      often occurs in patients who have a mild variant of the disease. Reported herein
      is the obstetric course of a patient with chronic granulomatous disease.

PMID- 4022523
TI  - Vaginal hemangiopericytoma: a histopathologic and ultrastructural evaluation.
AB  - The hemangiopericytoma is an uncommon stromovascular neoplasm that arises from
      the pericyte of Zimmerman. Since their original description in the female genital
      tract in 1954, the majority of these lesions have been of uterine origin.
      Presented is a clinicopathologic description of a hemangiopericytoma arising in
      the vagina and occupying the rectovaginal septum. Light and electron microscopic
      characterization is rendered. Current understanding of these lesions is reviewed
      and therapeutic options are discussed.

PMID- 4022525
TI  - Firefighters face unknowns in right-to-know protection.

PMID- 4022524
TI  - Peritoneal carcinomatosis after prophylactic oophorectomy in familial ovarian
      cancer syndrome.
AB  - A woman who was at high risk for ovarian cancer because of a strongly positive
      family history underwent prophylactic oophorectomy, but subsequently developed
      and died of intraabdominal carcinomatosis. One small focus of adenocarcinoma was
      found on the ovarian surface in serial sections performed retrospectively on the
      resected ovaries. This case study emphasizes the importance of thorough
      histologic examination for familial ovarian cancer syndrome, including serial
      sectioning of the specimens removed in prophylactic oophorectomy.

PMID- 4022526
TI  - Asbestos.

PMID- 4022527
TI  - Worksite economical setting for preventive health care programs.

PMID- 4022528
TI  - Stress release: emerging tool in total stress management program.

PMID- 4022529
TI  - Chemical protective clothing: laboratory vs. field performance.

PMID- 4022530
TI  - Going the extra "foot" for workers involves more than measuring stick.

PMID- 4022531
TI  - Hearing protection for industry: types, selection vary with needs.

PMID- 4022532
TI  - Chemical protective clothing: the influence of federal agencies.

PMID- 4022534
TI  - Medical lab services can help find employee chemical exposure.

PMID- 4022533
TI  - Organizations must be aware of hazardous material regulations.

PMID- 4022535
TI  - Promising diagnostic technique: nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 4022536
TI  - Physicians must practice quality care and cost control.

PMID- 4022537
TI  - Workforce drug abuse takes on new dimension for health profession.

PMID- 4022538
TI  - Right-to-know deadline approaches requiring material safety data sheets.

PMID- 4022539
TI  - An experimental study of the longest tolerable time of the total portal triad
      occlusion in normothermia in rabbit.

PMID- 4022540
TI  - Free scapular flap for repair of soft tissue defects of extremities.

PMID- 4022541
TI  - Retrograde cholangiography using double balloon 3 lumen silicon T tube both
      before and after inflation and its clinical significance--self-control analysis.

PMID- 4022542
TI  - Glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast: a light and electron
      microscopic study.

PMID- 4022543
TI  - Studies on myocardial protection by cold fluorocarbon (made in China)
      cardioplegic solution: experiment on isolated rabbit heart.

PMID- 4022544
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia induced by environmental heat stress on vascular
      interoceptor reflexes.

PMID- 4022545
TI  - Enteric administration of anisodamine in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 4022546
TI  - On malathion binding to tissue macromolecules in the rat.

PMID- 4022547
TI  - Inflation: symptom or disease?

PMID- 4022548
TI  - Human experimentation. Is it ethical?

PMID- 4022549
TI  - Placing a value on human life.

PMID- 4022550
TI  - Ethics and the elderly--care at what cost?

PMID- 4022552
TI  - Reflections on a teaching experience.

PMID- 4022551
TI  - World health. Who is responsible?

PMID- 4022553
TI  - Lyme disease--a new rheumatologic disorder.

PMID- 4022554
TI  - Pericarditis associated with Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4022555
TI  - [Application of synergetics to the theory of ontogenesis (on the parametric
      control of development)].
AB  - Applications of synergetics to ontogenesis are discussed. In terms of
      synergetics, the choice between the concepts of power and parametric control and
      the description of parameters and dynamic variables of ontogenesis are among the
      main tasks of the theory of ontogenesis. Examples are provided for multipotency
      and variability which suggest the parametric control of development. A suggestion
      is put forward concerning the parameterizing role of directive inductors.
      Possible ways of overcoming the ambiguity inherent in the parametric control are
      considered. A general scheme of the ontogenesis control is proposed within the
      framework of which different types of parameters and dynamic variables are
      characterized. The concept of chaos is discussed with reference to ontogenesis.

PMID- 4022556
TI  - [Interspecies chimeras of mammals].
AB  - Chimaeras between closely related and distant mammalian species were obtained
      during the last decade using the aggregation and injection methods. In the
      chimaeras between the closely related species Mus musculus--M. caroli, the cell
      clones of both parental species are equally represented; such chimaeras are
      fertile and their development does not differ from that of intraspecific
      chimaeras. But in the chimaeras between distant species mouse--rat or sheep--goat
      a selective predominance of cells with one genotype over those with another was
      noted. This leads to the total elimination of cell populations with one genotype,
      rat in particular in the mouse--rat chimaeras, or, possibly, to the sterility of
      the sheep--goat chimaeras.

PMID- 4022557
TI  - Painful bullous keratopathy following pediatric cataract surgery with intraocular
      lens implantation.
AB  - A child with a history of a monocular congenital cataract, cataract surgery and
      intraocular lens implantation at age three developed pseudophakic bullous
      keratopathy which persisted following intraocular lens removal and vitrectomy two
      years later. At age nine she presented to the Cornea Service at Wills Eye
      Hospital with painful bullous keratopathy and underwent a penetrating
      keratoplasty and anterior vitrectomy. The case is presented to bring attention to
      potential long-term corneal complications of pediatric cataract surgery with
      intraocular lens implantation.

PMID- 4022558
TI  - Congenital absence of the superior oblique tendon in craniofacial dysostosis.
AB  - Absence of each of the extraocular muscles as a rare cause of strabismus has been
      reported. Helveston suggests that a significant horizontal deviation with
      suppression and/or amblyopia in a patient with the preoperative diagnosis of
      congenital superior oblique palsy should alert one to a possible absence of the
      superior oblique tendon. We present and discuss two patients with craniofacial
      dysostosis in whom extensive surgical exploration showed an absence of the
      superior oblique tendon.

PMID- 4022559
TI  - Clearance of intravitreal 3H-fluorouracil.
AB  - The clearance of intravitreally administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was studied
      under five experimental conditions. The same nontoxic dose resulted in similar
      initial intravitreal concentrations and cleared rapidly from all eyes
      (approximately 90% clearance within eight hours). Half-life values ranged from 46
      to 168 minutes. The longest half-life occurred in aphakic-vitrectomized eyes in
      which hyaluronic acid (Healon) was substituted for vitreous (168 minutes). A
      similar half-life was found in normal eyes (150 minutes). The shortest half-life
      occurred in aphakic-vitrectomized eyes postoperatively (46 minutes). Intermediate
      half-life values occurred in vitrectomized but phakic eyes postoperatively (67
      minutes) and in aphakic-vitrectomized "quiet" eyes (at least two weeks
      postoperatively) (82 minutes).

PMID- 4022560
TI  - The significance of normal angle vessels.
AB  - One hundred patients (200 eyes) were examined over a one-year period for the
      presence of normal anterior chamber angle vessels. Normal vessels were observed
      in the angle in 21% of eyes examined. The types, location, and number of normal
      vessels are documented. The significance of these vessels in two eyes with
      anterior chamber angle fixated lenses is discussed.

PMID- 4022561
TI  - My method of extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior
      chamber intraocular lens.
AB  - Simplified manual forms of extracapsular cataract extraction appear to be more
      economical, yet as safe and simple as techniques employing more complex
      instrumentation. The following method, employed in 40,000 cases, seems to the
      author to be an efficient and effective way of performing cataract extraction.
      One hour prior to surgery, modified retrobulbar anesthesia alone is employed
      using the technique described, and provides adequate akinesia as well as
      anesthesia. Positive pressure is applied to the eye preoperatively to assure
      softness of the globe at the time of surgery. An anterior capsulectomy is made
      with scissors, using the open-sky technique. Following the delivery of the lens
      nucleus and as much cortex as possible with a lens loop, the remaining cortex is
      removed with an angled, 23-gauge, double irrigation-aspiration cannula. Filtered
      balance salt solution, containing gentamycin flows into the eye through the side
      port (inflow) and a 3-cc syringe with 2 cc BSS for irrigation-aspiration is
      connected to the other (aspiration) port. A single, 25-gauge, angled irrigation
      cannula is used to clean up the finger cortical remains. A firm-loop intraocular
      lens is inserted into the capsular bag. The posterior capsule is left intact.

PMID- 4022563
TI  - Photo-elastic stress analysis in YAG laser surgery.

PMID- 4022562
TI  - Failure of pupillary dilation in early choroidal detachment.
AB  - Transient miosis presents a challenge in extracapsular cataract extraction and
      retinal detachment surgery, despite the advent of the small-pupil ophthalmoscope.
      Mechanisms have been proposed and preventive measures described. We describe a
      case of transient miosis that led to cancellation of the repair of retinal
      detachment and was the first sign of early choroidal detachment.

PMID- 4022564
TI  - A study of 200 cases of anterior chamber implants.
AB  - In a series of 200 eyes with Choyce or Leiske style anterior chamber implants
      followed for an average of 19 months, final visual acuity averaged 20/30. Eighty
      four percent of patients were 20/40 or better and 8% 20/100 or worse at the end
      of the period of observation. Cystoid macular edema occurred in 17% with most
      cases occurring during the first seven months. Visual loss averaged two lines and
      duration averaged eight months. All but one patient with adequate follow-up
      recovered. Cystoid macular edema appeared to be more frequent in patients who
      were "blinkers." The incidence of "new" glaucoma in this study was 2%. Ovalling
      of the pupil occurred in 46% of eyes, more frequently late than early. Early
      development of ovalling was more likely to be associated with imperfect implant
      positioning than was late. Imperfect implant position occurred in 40% of cases
      and inadequate early fixation resulting in propellering or rotation in 16%.
      Rotation was not associated with imperfect implant position. No cases of severe
      iritis were encountered. Pigment dispersion and vitreous herniating anterior to
      the optic were observed in a few eyes. No cases of corneal decompensation
      occurred although two eyes had minor to moderate changes. The incidence of
      subsequent procedures was a low 6%, helping to contribute to the high ratio of
      patient satisfaction. Mild tenderness and glare were the chief postoperative
      symptoms.

PMID- 4022565
TI  - Re-examining the tarsal kink syndrome: considerations of its etiology and
      treatment.
AB  - A severe corneal ulceration that is evident shortly after birth and persists in
      spite of adequate medical therapy, may be secondary to a congenital entropion. A
      vertically kinked tarsus is an unusual and frequently overlooked form of
      congenital entropion. Prompt recognition of this entity is essential to avoid
      severe corneal injury and amblyopia. We present a technique of tarsal
      stabilization which corrected this upper lid deformity in one case.

PMID- 4022566
TI  - Wills Eye Hospital Traumatic Hyphema Study.
AB  - Hyphema associated with nonpenetrating ocular trauma is a common cause for
      emergency hospitalization. The complications which result from this form of eye
      injury can cause permanent impairment of vision. Complications within the study
      population were reviewed. Analysis found a 16% rate of rebleeding, with the
      majority of these occurring within three to four days following the traumatic
      event. Unfortunately, no risk factors could be identified to help predict which
      patients were more at risk of complications. However, management of the
      complications which did develop in the study population was effective.

PMID- 4022567
TI  - A canthal siphon wick.
AB  - A simple wick can be fashioned from a cellulose surgical sponge and used to drain
      fluid from the ophthalmic surgical field.

PMID- 4022568
TI  - The early structural and functional disturbances of chronic open-angle glaucoma.
      Robert N. Shaffer lecture.
AB  - The earliest psychophysical disturbances in color vision, foveal sensitivity,
      spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity precede nerve fiber bundle defects of
      the visual field in glaucoma. Optic nervehead changes such as enlargement of the
      physiological cup, as well as retinal nerve fiber layer losses, also precede
      visual field defects. Which of these is the earliest change has not yet been
      recognized. Evidence for more than one mechanism of damage in glaucoma is also
      presented.

PMID- 4022569
TI  - Quantitative office perimetry.
AB  - This study presents a preliminary comparison of six commercially-available
      automated threshold static parameters, consisting of three projection perimeters
      (Humphrey Field Analyzer, Squid, and Octopus 500) and three light-emitting diode
      (LED) perimeters (Dicon 2000, Fieldmaster 50, and Digilab 350). Eighteen
      individuals were included in the study: 6 normal observers (31-58 years old), six
      patients with glaucomatous field loss in both eyes (55-70 years old), and six
      patients with neuro-ophthalmologic or retinal visual field abnormalities in both
      eyes (12-61 years old). Three aspects of quantitative testing were evaluated: (1)
      the patients' and normal observers' acceptance and subjective impressions of the
      test procedure; (2) the technician's ease of operating the device and related
      tasks; and (3) practitioner-oriented considerations such as test-retest
      reliability, comparability of test results and testing time. Our results showed
      that no device was clearly superior to the others in all respects. Patients were
      most favorably impressed with the Octopus 500, Squid, and the Fieldmaster 50,
      while technician impressions were most favorable to the Humphrey Field Analyzer
      and the Squid. The projection perimeters (Humphrey Field Analyzer, Squid, and
      Octopus 500) were the easiest to perform cross-comparisons of test results,
      although there was considerable variation in the clarity of data interpretation
      from one case to another. Test-retest reliability and the time of testing varied
      among the six automated perimeters.

PMID- 4022570
TI  - Is there a racial difference in physiologic cup size?
AB  - Although many clinicians believe that there is a racial difference in the size of
      the physiologic cup, this premise has not been studied. To evaluate this, we
      prospectively examined 100 black and 100 white volunteers. Stereoscopic optic
      disc photographs taken of each subject were masked to block out the fundus
      pigmentation, randomized, and then evaluated by an experienced clinician. The
      average cup/disc ratio in blacks (0.35) was significantly greater (P less than
      0.0001) than that in whites (0.24) for both right and left eyes. Forty percent of
      the optic discs of blacks and 14% of the optic discs of whites had a cup/disc
      ratio greater than or equal to 0.4.

PMID- 4022571
TI  - Retinal nerve fiber layer photography in glaucoma.
AB  - Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) photographs can be used for detection of early
      glaucomatous damage and in the follow-up of patients with established glaucoma.
      Enlarged black-and-white paper-prints taken with a wide-angle fundus camera as
      well as stereophotographs of the peripapillary retina have proven quite useful.
      This article gives a detailed description of both the photographic and the
      laboratory techniques involved in the process of making good quality RNFL
      photographs.

PMID- 4022572
TI  - Possible significance of cilioretinal arteries in open-angle glaucoma.
AB  - To study the possible prognostic significance of the cilioretinal artery in open
      angle glaucoma, the disc stereophotographs of one hundred consecutive patients
      with bilateral open-angle glaucoma were reviewed for the presence of cilioretinal
      arteries. The charts of 20 patients with unilateral cilioretinal arteries were
      then studied for the extent of the optic disc cupping and visual field damage.
      Despite the absence of a significant difference in the intraocular pressure
      between the two groups, eyes with cilioretinal arteries showed larger cup/disc
      ratios and more visual field damage when compared to the contralateral eyes
      without cilioretinal arteries in the same patients.

PMID- 4022573
TI  - Uses of fluorophotometry in glaucoma research.
AB  - The observation of the rate of clearance of fluorescein from the cornea and the
      anterior chamber by fluorophotometry permits calculation of the rate of aqueous
      humor flow. This technique permits studies of normal human subjects and glaucoma
      patients under a number of circumstances including treatment with drugs for
      glaucoma. A brief summary of experimental results derived from this technique is
      given. Simplified tables are given to assist clinicians in calculating the rate
      of flow of aqueous humor from fluorophotometric measurements.

PMID- 4022574
TI  - Early loss of central visual acuity in glaucoma.
AB  - Central visual acuity is usually maintained until late in the course of glaucoma.
      Ten patients (5 men, 5 women) between the ages of 25 and 79 were found to have
      decreased visual acuity associated with central or centrocaecal scotomas early in
      their course. Five patients had chronic open-angle glucoma, three and pigmentary
      glaucoma, one and juvenile glaucoma, and one had Axenfeld's syndrome. A Marcus
      Gunn pupil was present in all six patients not on miotics. Most lost central
      acuity at pressures under 30 mmHg. Seven patients had vision of 20/200 or less.
      All with marked visual loss had a cup disc rate of .8 or greater. Other causes
      were carefully ruled out. Proposed mechanisms for the development of these
      central defects include either double Bjerrum scotomas which extend centrally or
      early papillomacular bundle involvement due to temporal cupping. This study
      demonstrates that decreased vision with associated central field loss can be a
      relatively early finding in glaucoma.

PMID- 4022575
TI  - Change in appearance of the optic disc associated with lowering of intraocular
      pressure.
AB  - This report provides additional documentation that the appearance of the optic
      disc may improve after intraocular pressure is lowered in patients with glaucoma.
      Photographic records of one of the authors (GLS) were reviewed retrospectively.
      Seven previously unreported cases showing apparent improvement of the optic disc
      were found, and the patients' charts were reviewed. In two cases the improvement
      was transient, and in five it was lasting. Patients with evidence of disc
      improvement had an age range of 5 to 55 years. In one case, the scleral ring
      decreased in size following the lowering of intraocular pressure. In the other
      cases, the disc appeared to "fill in" without change in the size of the scleral
      ring. When improvement is short-lived, it presumably represents edema. When of
      longer duration, it may be a response to anterior repositioning of a posteriorly
      displaced lamina cribrosa, a decrease in diameter of the scleral ring,
      hypertrophy and/or proliferation of glial cells, or return towards normal of
      axonal metabolism. Because apparent improvement in the appearance of the optic
      disc can be subtle, it is usually not sought and is probably often unrecognized.
      Its true incidence is still unknown but appears to be underestimated.

PMID- 4022576
TI  - The occurrence of primary open-angle glaucoma in the fellow eye of patients with
      unilateral angle-cleavage glaucoma.
AB  - The late onset of glaucoma occurs in approximately 7% of eyes with traumatic
      angle cleavage. We studied 13 patients who developed glaucoma in the angle
      cleavage eye at an average of 34 years following trauma. Ten of the 13 patients
      had 270 degrees or more of angle cleavage. At the time of the initial diagnosis
      of angle cleavage glaucoma, there were no optic disc or visual field
      abnormalities in the fellow eyes. After a mean follow-up of 7.7 years, all 13
      patients were reevaluated. In addition to standard examination techniques, all
      underwent disc photos, goniophotos, and Octopus perimetry. Seven of 13 patients
      (55%) had either frank glaucomatous or suspicious Octopus visual field
      abnormalities in the fellow eyes. Patients with angle-cleavage glaucoma appear to
      have at least a 50% chance of developing open-angle glaucoma in the non
      traumatized fellow eyes.

PMID- 4022577
TI  - Primary glaucoma associated with iridotrabecular dysgenesis and ectropion uveae.
AB  - We present nine patients with unilateral congenital ectropion uveae (hyperplasia
      of the iris pigment border), iris hypoplasia, characteristic gonioscopic
      findings, and glaucoma. A majority of these patients also demonstrated mild
      ptosis. In none of these patients were there any associated systemic
      abnormalities. The apparent ectropion uveae results from spread of the iris
      pigment epithelium beyond the iris ruff and onto the anterior surface of the
      iris. In two patients with this abnormality, histopathologic and electron
      microscopic findings are presented. All patients with congenital ectropion uveae
      should be carefully examined periodically to detect glaucoma.

PMID- 4022578
TI  - Acute intraocular pressure response to argon laser iridotomy.
AB  - Argon laser iridotomy (ALI) was performed in 50 eyes for prophylactic treatment
      of anatomically narrow iridocorneal angles and in 50 eyes for therapy of chronic
      angle-closure glaucoma. Intraocular pressure was increased 6 mmHg or more 1 to 2
      hours after ALI in 19 of 50 eyes with anatomical narrow iridocorneal angles and
      in 23 of 50 eyes with chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Increases greater than 20
      mmHg over baseline value occurred in 5 of 50 eyes with narrow iridocorneal angles
      and in 7 of 50 eyes with chronic angle-closure glaucoma. A clinically significant
      increase in intraocular pressure (defined as a pressure 30 mmHg or greater and
      40% or more increased over the pre-laser value) occurred 1 to 2 hours after ALI
      in 11 of 50 eyes with narrow iridocorneal angles and in 17 of 50 eyes with
      chronic angle-closure glaucoma. There was no statistical difference (chi square P
      greater than 0.3) in the incidence of this complication in the two groups.
      Additional medical therapy was effective in lowering the acute laser-induced
      elevation in intraocular pressure. Patient diagnosis, patient demographics,
      preoperative glaucoma medication and laser treatment parameters did not predict
      which eyes would develop this complication. Eyes which did not have a clinically
      significant elevation in intraocular pressure 1 to 2 hours after ALI did not show
      a later increase at 24 hours.

PMID- 4022579
TI  - Trabeculodialysis for inflammatory glaucoma in children and young adults.
AB  - A modified goniotomy (trabeculodialysis) was performed on 30 eyes of 23 patients
      with secondary glaucoma due to chronic anterior uveitis. All but two patients
      also suffered from juvenile chronic arthritis (Still's disease, juvenile
      rheumatoid arthritis). Trabeculodialysis was unsuccessful in lowering intraocular
      pressure to below 21 mmHg in 12 (40%) of eyes and successful in 18 (60%) of eyes.
      Of the 18 successful cases, 5 required no additional medication, but in 13 cases
      the intraocular pressure could only be maintained at a normal level by
      concomitant anti-glaucoma therapy. The presence of aphakia, extent of
      preoperative angle closure, and patient's age had no bearing on the outcome.

PMID- 4022580
TI  - Neodymium: YAG laser trabeculopuncture in open-angle glaucoma.
AB  - Ten eyes of eight patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) had neodymium (Nd):YAG
      trabeculopuncture performed in an investigational protocol as an alternative to
      surgical intervention. In each, at four to six sites in the mid-trabecular
      meshwork, three to six superimposed applications were made (2 to 6 mJ). In four
      of six patients with adult OAG, a small decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP)
      was noted (from a mean of 25.5 to 20.0 mmHg after 3-4 weeks in the treated eyes,
      compared to no change at 21 mmHg in the fellow eyes). There appeared to be
      further attenuation of this IOP effect over the subsequent 2 to 11 months, and
      all patients demonstrated gonioscopic closure of all the puncture sites with
      time. One patient demonstrated an acute IOP elevation to 58 mmHg after the
      procedure, necessitating emergency filtration surgery. In contrast, in four eyes
      of two patients with juvenile open angle glaucoma, a dramatic lowering of IOP and
      improvement in tonographic outflow facility was demonstrated, although the
      effects were only temporary in one patient. YAG laser treatment to the trabecular
      meshwork may have its greatest potential usefulness when abnormalities in the
      uveal meshwork are involved, such as in certain cases of juvenile or congenital
      glaucoma, and may help identify the need for a surgical goniotomy. With more
      usual forms of OAG, however, widespread use of this technique should be avoided
      until greater efficacy can be achieved.

PMID- 4022581
TI  - Short- and long-term effects of postoperative corticosteroids on trabeculectomy.
AB  - All patients with primary open-angle or primary angle-closure glaucoma requiring
      trabeculectomy between January 1982 and January 1983 were entered into a
      randomized prospective study to evaluate the effect of postoperative
      corticosteroids. Twenty-three eyes in Group 1 received a cycloplegic and topical
      antibiotic. Twenty-nine eyes in Group 2 received the same treatment, with the
      addition of topical 1% prednisolone acetate. Twenty-three eyes in Group 3
      received the same treatment as Group 2, with the addition of systemic prednisone.
      Success rate was significantly improved with the use of topical corticosteroids.
      Systemic steroids did not prove to be of any added benefit over topical use
      alone.

PMID- 4022582
TI  - Acute elevations of intraocular pressure following Nd:YAG laser posterior
      capsulotomy.
AB  - We performed applanation tonometry preoperatively, hourly for the first four
      postoperative hours and on the first postoperative day in 66 eyes after Nd:YAG
      laser posterior capsulotomy in order to determine the nature of the acute
      intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and the risk factors involved. Forty-one
      percent of eyes developed an intraocular pressure greater than 30 mmHg and 14%
      greater than 40 mmHg. The IOP spike occurred on the second postoperative hour in
      35% of eyes. Patients with controlled glaucoma prior to capsulotomy had a
      significantly lower mean IOP rise than patients without glaucoma. Eyes with
      posterior chamber IOLs were less likely to develop an IOP greater than 30 mmHg
      than were aphakic eyes without IOLs. There was no correlation between the laser
      energy or the size of the capsulotomy and the IOP rise.

PMID- 4022583
TI  - Ocular BB injuries.

PMID- 4022584
TI  - Disorders of the fundus.

PMID- 4022585
TI  - Treatment of myopia with atropine and bifocals.

PMID- 4022586
TI  - A retrospective study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting over a 10-year
      period.
AB  - 67 cases of nasopharyngeal tumours presenting at the Royal National Throat, Nose
      and Ear Hospital over a 10-year period were examined, of which 47 were poorly
      differentiated carcinomas. The population under review could be subdivided into
      three separate groups on the basis of geographical origin: Northern European,
      Southern European and Middle Eastern. The proportion of poorly differentiated
      carcinomas in each geographical area was calculated and was found to differ
      significantly between the Northern European and Middle Eastern groups.

PMID- 4022587
TI  - Chondrometaplasia of the larynx.
AB  - A case of chondrometaplasia of the larynx is reported. The clinicopathological
      appearances are discussed with a review of the literature. The importance of
      distinguishing this lesion from cartilaginous tumors is emphasized.

PMID- 4022588
TI  - Surgical correction of subglottic stenosis in children. A follow-up study.
AB  - In general, subglottic stenosis in children is one of the most difficult problems
      to treat surgically. Six patients, aged 4-9, requiring a tracheostomy due to
      severe subglottic stenosis are reviewed. Decannulation was difficult to perform
      in these cases. All children in this series underwent surgical correction of
      subglottic stenosis. Patients had been successfully decannulated with no evidence
      of recurrent stenosis and were followed up for a period of 2-9 years. Our cases
      which were followed up for 2-9 years address the issue raised by opponents of
      surgical correction of subglottic stenosis in children, namely the consideration
      that the laryngeal growth potential may be adversely affected by surgery.

PMID- 4022589
TI  - Treatment of auricular hematoma using button technique.
AB  - 10 male patients suffering from auricular hematoma were treated by evacuation of
      the hematoma followed by suturing two buttons to the ear using through-and
      through staying silk sutures, leaving them attached for 1 week. Not a single case
      of recurrence has been encountered as this technique eliminates the dead space
      and does not allow reaccumulation of the hematoma.

PMID- 4022590
TI  - Submucosal diathermy of the inferior turbinate and the congested nose.
AB  - Surgical correction of the congested nose is frequently attempted. In the absence
      of a septal deformity, engorgement of the inferior turbinate is usually held to
      be the culprit, and various procedures have been advocated to counter this
      problem. Submucosal diathermy to the inferior turbinates is widely practised, but
      relatively little has been published about it. 204 patients who underwent
      submucosal diathermy of the inferior turbinates between 1977 and 1983 have been
      studied. 60 patients have been followed up by questionnaire, for periods ranging
      from 1 to 5 years since surgery. Surgery was of benefit in up to 72% of cases.
      Surgical technique and the problems of patient selection and assessment are
      discussed.

PMID- 4022591
TI  - Vestibular neuronitis: neurotological findings and progress.
AB  - Neurotological follow-up observations were conducted on 38 of 43 cases of
      vestibular neuronitis treated between 1972 and 1983. The average observation
      period was 1 year and 3 months (range from 1 month to 9 years and 4 months) and
      17 cases were followed for more than 1 year. The tests used for evaluation in
      this series were the following: spontaneous nystagmus, head positional nystagmus,
      a caloric test and a computed galvanic body sway test (GBST) conducted by
      Yamaguchi University. Changes in subjective symptoms are also noted. The main
      subjective complaint was vertigo (whirling; 93%). The remaining subjects noticed
      a floating sensation and unsteadiness of gait. In 50% of the cases, vertigo
      subsided by the end of the 3-month period, but 6 subjects suffered from an
      intractable dizzy sensation for over 1 year. Even after 3 years, 3 of these 6
      cases were bothered by dizzy sensations. Especially in the central lesion, these
      3 subjects had no other causative disease. Spontaneous nystagmus, which was
      usually horizontal and direction fixed, remained in 50% of the cases after the 1
      year period. All of the cases tested showed reduced caloric responses. 21 of the
      38 cases showed no response in cold caloric stimulation (including ice water) at
      the initial test. 13 of the 21 cases were followed satisfactorily and examined
      twice or more by caloric testing. 5 of these 13 cases did not recover in the
      caloric test even after more than 1 year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022592
TI  - Nasal mucosal blood flow in atrophic rhinitis.
AB  - Among many theories about the etiology of atrophic rhinitis with ozena, a reduced
      mucosal blood flow has been suggested, possibly caused by 'sympathetic spasm'.
      The nasal mucosal blood flow has been investigated in 6 patients with this
      disease before and after topical administration of a sympathomimetic drug. No
      difference in action compared to healthy subjects was found. Other
      pathophysiological mechanisms must be searched for.

PMID- 4022593
TI  - [Stressful state of the ankle joint on photoelastic models with artificial
      ligaments].

PMID- 4022594
TI  - [Variants of osteogenesis in the treatment of flail pseudarthroses by the
      compression-distraction method].

PMID- 4022595
TI  - [Role of blood circulation in reparative osteogenesis].

PMID- 4022596
TI  - [Effect of the functional state of neurocytes of the anterior hypothalamus on
      reparative bone regeneration].

PMID- 4022597
TI  - [Predicting the results of surgical treatment of radicular syndromes in hernias
      and massive protrusions of lumbar intervertebral disks].

PMID- 4022598
TI  - [Clinical aspects and classification of congenital and acquired clubhand].

PMID- 4022599
TI  - [Legg-Perthes disease and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia].

PMID- 4022600
TI  - [Biomechanical substantiation of osteosynthesis with a cluster of pins in
      fractures of the tibial condyle].

PMID- 4022601
TI  - [Epicondylitis of the humerus and styloiditis of the radius].

PMID- 4022602
TI  - [A method of compression osteosynthesis in periarticular fractures of long
      tubular bones].

PMID- 4022603
TI  - [A method of inserting a guide pin using a special device in osteosynthesis of
      fragments of the femur neck].

PMID- 4022604
TI  - [A method of treatment of patients with fractures of the posterior border of the
      tibia using equipment for extrafocal osteosynthesis].

PMID- 4022605
TI  - [A method of treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in the postoperative
      period].

PMID- 4022606
TI  - [Results of discussion on the topic: "What is meant by primary surgical
      debridement of wounds?"].

PMID- 4022607
TI  - [Experience with the treatment of patients with open fractures of the locomotor
      system with associated and multiple injuries].

PMID- 4022608
TI  - [Injuries of the sacrum and coccyx in children].

PMID- 4022609
TI  - [Combined fractures of the pelvic bones and the femur in children].

PMID- 4022610
TI  - [Problem of the clinical manifestations of the syndrome of post-traumatic
      dyslipidemic coagulopathy in patients with bone injuries].

PMID- 4022611
TI  - [Morphological substantiation of the selection of rational therapeutic tactics in
      subcutaneous ruptures of tendons of the limbs].

PMID- 4022612
TI  - [The biomechanical study of osteosynthesis of the olecranon].

PMID- 4022613
TI  - [Various characteristics of preoperative preparation, amputation and
      postoperative management of patients with occlusive diseases of the blood vessels
      of the extremities].

PMID- 4022614
TI  - [The cybernetic approach in the prognosis of the outcome of conservative
      treatment of congenital hip dislocation in children].

PMID- 4022615
TI  - [Role of heterolateral muscular strains in the mechanogenesis of scoliosis].

PMID- 4022616
TI  - [Infrared thermography in the diagnosis of bone tumors].

PMID- 4022617
TI  - [Experience with endoprosthesis of the hip joint].

PMID- 4022618
TI  - [Individual approach in the study of the psychological causes of the occurrence
      of trauma in children for the elaboration of preventive measures].

PMID- 4022619
TI  - [Osteosynthesis with metal plates in the treatment of fractures of long tubular
      bones].

PMID- 4022620
TI  - [Classification of fractures of pelvic bones].

PMID- 4022621
TI  - [Decreasing the incidence of collapse of the necrosed femur head by emergency
      osteosynthesis in femoral neck fractures].

PMID- 4022622
TI  - [Radiologic examination of the spread of rectal tumors].

PMID- 4022623
TI  - [HLA antigens and morphology of the small intestinal mucosa in Duhring's juvenile
      dermatitis herpetiformis].

PMID- 4022624
TI  - [Successful intravenous Zovirax/acyclovir therapy in a case of adult varicella
      progressiva complicated by extensive bilateral pneumonia].

PMID- 4022625
TI  - [Quo vadis, radiologus? The joy of riddle solving or invasive technics?].

PMID- 4022626
TI  - [Questioning the interpretation of a report (Achilles tendon rupture as a symptom
      of hyperlipoproteinemia II)].

PMID- 4022627
TI  - [Rational examination of thyroid function].

PMID- 4022628
TI  - [Significance of serum theophylline levels in the management of childhood
      asthma].

PMID- 4022629
TI  - [A case of immobile cilia syndrome].

PMID- 4022630
TI  - [Confusion in the orthography of Hungarian medical terminology].

PMID- 4022631
TI  - [Current views on the surgical management of the traumatic rupture of the
      spleen].

PMID- 4022632
TI  - [The social background of people attempting suicide].

PMID- 4022633
TI  - [Percutaneous catheter-embolization in carcinoid liver metastasis].

PMID- 4022634
TI  - [Cancer prevention in developing countries].

PMID- 4022635
TI  - [Significance of electroneurography in the diagnosis of diabetic amyotrophy].

PMID- 4022636
TI  - [Tibial head osteotomy in the treatment of gonarthrosis].

PMID- 4022637
TI  - [Results of tibia condyle osteotomy].
AB  - The subjective and objective results of infra-condylar tibia condyle osteotomy
      are presented, based on a study of 71 cases. Arthroplasty of the knee joint can
      often be avoided by performing an infra-condylar tibia condyle osteotomy, taking
      into consideration the contra-indications, in cases of painful (varus)
      gonarthrosis becoming mainly manifest in a joint compartment, combined with an
      axis shift. The gait capacity can be improved, the subjective pain symptomatology
      be diminished and progression of the arthrosis might be avoided. The good results
      correlate with an optimal correction of the axis condition; in cases of varus
      gonarthrosis a slight overcorrection beyond the physiological valgus position of
      7 degrees and in cases of valgus gonarthrosis a physiological valgus position of
      7 degrees should be aimed at.

PMID- 4022638
TI  - [Indications, surgical technic and results of transcondylar tibia osteotomy in
      gonarthrosis. Experiences based on a follow-up study of 783 tibia osteotomies].

PMID- 4022639
TI  - [Indication, technic and results of supra- and infracondylar osteotomy in
      osteoarthrosis of the knee joint].

PMID- 4022640
TI  - [Influence of the patella on the equilibrium of the knee joint. Mutual effects of
      patellar and femorotibial arthrosis].

PMID- 4022641
TI  - Do the eyes have it?

PMID- 4022642
TI  - Effect of imposed step-movements and pulse-movements of the retinal image on
      perception of hue with coloured targets.
AB  - There is strong experimental evidence that colour discrimination depends upon
      signals originating at colour boundaries. Controlled movements were imposed on a
      boundary between an illuminated coloured area and a dark area in a previously
      stabilized image. Red, yellow, green and blue fields were used. Step-movements of
      amplitude M min arc and pulse-movements of amplitude M min arc and pulse width
      tau s were studied. The movement M50 to produce 50% positive responses for
      perception of hue was measured as a function of retinal illuminance, boundary
      length and speed for step-movements and pulse-width (tau) for pulse movements.
      Signal/photon-noise ratios were calculated.

PMID- 4022644
TI  - Spatial frequency range in the detection process--1. Narrow bars.
AB  - The effect upon the detectability of narrow bars of ideal low-pass and high-pass
      filters was investigated. The results indicate that for optimum detection of the
      stimulus, spatial frequency components up to about 10 c/deg need to be
      transmitted. Two models (a multi-channel model, incorporating probability
      summation across spatial frequency, and a Grating Sensitivity Curve model) were
      used in attempting to fit the results. The multi-channel model provided a more
      realistic fit, but both models ultimately failed because of non-linearity in the
      summation of responses to frequency components.

PMID- 4022643
TI  - The influence of adapting velocity and luminance on the movement after-effect.
AB  - The response of movement-sensitive mechanisms to both velocity and luminance may
      be investigated by means of the movement after-effect (MAE). A high contrast
      (98%) drifting grating having a spatial frequency of 1c deg-1 was used with four
      adapting velocities of 0.90, 2.87, 4.70 and 7.55 deg sec-1 to confirm their
      significant effect on initial MAE velocity (F = 29.83, P less than 0.01) and
      duration (F = 12.36, P less than 0.01). Four mean luminance levels of 4.5, 12.6,
      42.9 and 126 cd m-2, spanning 1.5 log units of illumination, demonstrate its
      subtle effect on both initial MAE velocity (F = 4.11, P less than 0.01) and
      duration (F = 3.00, P less than 0.05). It is argued that adaptation of movement
      sensitive mechanisms is more accurately reflected by the initial MAE velocity
      than its duration. The tracking technique which was employed, whilst accurate at
      low velocities, progressively underestimates the MAE velocity with increasing
      velocity. With a velocity of 1.2 deg sec-1 the under-estimate is 12%, rising to
      23% at 2 deg sec-1. The tracking procedure, however, remains a reliable technique
      for assessing low velocity MAEs.

PMID- 4022645
TI  - A suprathreshold measure of perceived brightness.
AB  - In response to an energy flux density, E(lambda), the output of a linear detector
      of radiation with spectral response R(lambda) can be calculated by integrating
      the product R(lambda) E(lambda) over the spectral range for which R (lambda) and
      E (lambda) are both non-zero. This method is also applied when the eye is used as
      a detector of radiation although the non-linearity condition and the associated
      perception of colour as well as brightness make the validity of this approach
      difficult to assess. The quantity computed in this way when the CIE luminous
      efficiency function [i.e. the V(lambda) curve] is used as a measure of the
      spectral response of the eye is referred to as luminance and is often regarded as
      the objective correlate of perceived brightness. Judd (1951) showed that the use
      of the CIE luminous efficiency function in this way underestimates the brightness
      of short wavelength lights. More recently the inappropriate use of the V(lambda)
      function has resulted in predictions of luminance levels for light-sources which
      were not consistent with direct estimates of visual effectiveness (see Kinney,
      1983). In this paper, the perceived brightness of coloured lights is investigated
      using a modified, delayed, brightness-matching technique. Psychometric response
      functions were obtained for some twenty coloured test targets which subtended a
      visual angle of 2 degrees at the observer's eye, whilst adaptation was maintained
      to a constant white (3900 K) field. The spectral sensitivity functions derived
      from these data show little variation for a number of different viewing
      conditions, but they are significantly different from the CIE luminous efficiency
      function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022646
TI  - Rapid fading of visual sensations in a subject with a parietal-occipital tumour.
AB  - We present psychophysical data measured for a single subject, who had a tumour in
      the left parieto-occipital region, located by CT scan and post-mortem study. Her
      vision was characterised by rapid fading during voluntary fixation of images
      located in the right hemifield. We describe a number of simple tests which we
      developed in order to study this phenomenon. The results of these tests
      established that significant loss of function occurs within 1 s of fixation and
      that the effects associated with fixation are spatially localised. We compare our
      subject's response characteristics with those observed in other cases of visual
      disturbance and we examine the possible underlying mechanisms which give rise to
      the rapid fading of her visual images.

PMID- 4022647
TI  - The algebra of sphero-cylinders.
AB  - Sphero-cylinders are shown to be representable by formal vectors. An algebra
      applicable to sphero-cylinders is stated and mathematically consistent operations
      are defined. Examples of practical applications of some operations are given.

PMID- 4022648
TI  - A comparison of different models of extraocular muscle cooperation.
AB  - Different assumptions about the way in which the extraocular muscles act have
      been evaluated by comparing a set of models of extraocular muscle cooperation,
      each of which differ by just one assumption, against clinical data from patients
      with isolated nerve palsies.

PMID- 4022649
TI  - The effect of illumination and foveal fusion lock on clinical fixation disparity
      measurements with the Sheedy Disparometer.
AB  - The Sheedy Disparometer is a clinical instrument designed to measure fixation
      disparity and hence determine forced vergence--fixation disparity curves. The
      target design includes a central 1.5 degrees fusion-free area. The effect of
      introducing a central fixation target to the instrument is investigated along
      with the influence of ambient illumination level on fixation disparity. All curve
      parameters, i.e. curve type, slope, X- and Y-intercepts were found to
      significantly alter with the introduction of a foveal lock. Illumination changes
      did not cause significant differences in any parameter.

PMID- 4022650
TI  - The Arden gratings in optometric practice.
AB  - The use of the Arden gratings (AO contrast sensitivity system) in optometric
      practice is evaluated. A total of 320 patients presenting for eye examination
      were screened with the gratings. Sixty-four eyes (10%) gave abnormal grating
      scores although results from conventional examination techniques revealed no
      abnormality. Of the 110 abnormal eyes detected by routine examination techniques,
      8 presented with normal grating scores, 6 with "borderline suspect" scores and 96
      with abnormal scores. Used in isolation, the failure rate of the Arden gratings
      to detect ocular abnormality in the patient population was 1.3% and the "false
      positive" referral rate was 10%.

PMID- 4022651
TI  - Inter-relationships between British drivers' visual abilities, age and road
      accident histories.
AB  - Statistical analysis is described of data on 1000 British drivers' accident
      histories and their performance on a vision screening instrument. Significant
      positive associations are evident between various accident variables and tests of
      hyperphoria, right eye visual acuity, left eye acuity and binocular acuity. The
      clustering of associations is strongest for older drivers. The significance of
      hyperphoria has received little attention previously. The age-related
      associations with accidents parallel the decline with age of other visual
      abilities. Statutory re-testing of drivers' vision at about the age of 50 is
      recommended.

PMID- 4022652
TI  - Visual standards for driving.
AB  - The visual standards for drivers set by a selection of countries across the world
      are reviewed. It is found that there is little unanimity in what constitutes an
      "adequate" standard of vision for drivers of either private or public vehicles,
      or in the testing procedures employed.

PMID- 4022653
TI  - Effect of instruction and higher level control on the accommodative response
      spatial frequency profile.
AB  - Although the spatial frequency dependence of accommodation is well established,
      characteristics of the accommodative response profile may vary significantly,
      thus supporting opposing theories of accommodation control. We demonstrate the
      pronounced influence of instruction and higher level control on such
      accommodation profiles. The results suggest that extreme care be taken in the
      methodological considerations of such experiments, as well as the need for
      additional systematic investigation of these factors in accommodation studies.

PMID- 4022654
TI  - On reaction time histograms.

PMID- 4022655
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting of the Society for Experimental
      Optometry. Aston, England, 23-24 July 1984.

PMID- 4022656
TI  - [Our experiences with the microsurgical treatment of cholesteatomas of the middle
      ear].

PMID- 4022657
TI  - [Our observations on the effect of mechanical injuries on the activation of the
      otospongiosis process].

PMID- 4022658
TI  - [Lop ears].

PMID- 4022659
TI  - [Caloric tests in nystagmus induced in the simple optimal position and reversed
      optimal position].

PMID- 4022660
TI  - [Our experiences with the evaluation of occupational diseases of the organ of
      voice].

PMID- 4022661
TI  - [Study of hearing in increased atmospheric pressure].

PMID- 4022662
TI  - [Importance of cooperation between the laryngologist and pathologist-oncologist
      in the prevention, development and treatment of cancer of the vocal cords].

PMID- 4022663
TI  - [Management of hemangiomas of the parotid gland in children].

PMID- 4022664
TI  - Clinical problem solving: learned process.

PMID- 4022665
TI  - Changes in medicine cause ethical problems.

PMID- 4022666
TI  - Biliary atresia.

PMID- 4022667
TI  - Management of Reye's syndrome: need for early diagnosis and intravenous treatment
      of stage I non-comatose cases.
AB  - Clinicians and nurses should obtain a history of antecedent illness occurring
      within 2 weeks of the onset of vomiting. Ninety percent of school-age children
      will give a history of an antecedent illness (varicella or influenza-like
      respiratory illness) within 1 week of the onset of vomiting. The vomiting of
      Reye's syndrome is usually persistent, lasting for 24 to 96 hours before the
      onset of serious brain signs. We believe that any child with the history of flu
      or chickenpox within 1 week of the onset of vomiting, which lasts for more than
      12 hours, and is unusually severe or is associated with lethargy, should have an
      SGPT (alanine aminotransferase). This laboratory measure is clearly elevated in
      most cases of Reye's syndrome.

PMID- 4022668
TI  - Special laboratory examinations for parasitic infections.
AB  - Besides the routine procedures used for the diagnosis of parasites, there are a
      number of other diagnostic techniques available for the recovery and
      identification of parasites. Most laboratories do not routinely offer all of
      these techniques, but many are relatively simple and inexpensive to perform. This
      article discusses these techniques and their clinical relevance.

PMID- 4022670
TI  - Symposium on parasitic infections.

PMID- 4022669
TI  - Treatment of parasitic infections.
AB  - This article provides an extensive table of drugs and dosages for treatment of
      parasitic infections, listing the treatment regimen most commonly used. This is
      followed by a list of the recommended drugs, their preparations, toxicity,
      contraindications, and precautions.

PMID- 4022671
TI  - Renal metabolism in fetal and newborn sheep.
AB  - The substrate and oxygen uptake by some organs in intact developing animals has
      been described, however, the kidney has not been studied. To examine substrate
      and oxygen uptake by the kidney, we implanted polyvinyl catheters into the renal
      vein, descending aorta, inferior vena cava, and urinary bladder of 11 fetal sheep
      (120-125 days gestation) and eight newborn lambs (1 day postnatal). Four days
      after surgery, blood samples were obtained simultaneously from the renal vein,
      aorta, and inferior vena cava for determination of oxygen content and saturation,
      and glucose and lactate concentrations. Renal blood flow was determined by the
      radionuclide-labeled microsphere method in the fetal lambs and by measuring 14C
      inulin clearance in the newborn lambs. The fetal and newborn kidneys consumed
      oxygen at rates of 123 +/- 16 and 785 +/- 79 mumol/min/100 g kidney weight (mean
      +/- SEM), respectively. The increase in oxygen consumption from the fetal to the
      newborn period was accompanied by an increase in oxygen extraction from 25-35%, a
      large increase in oxygen delivery from 418 +/- 38 to 2231 +/- 127 mumol/min/100
      g, and marked increases in glomerular filtration rate and sodium reabsorption
      (measured in six additional fetal sheep and the eight newborn lambs). This
      suggests that the postnatal increase in renal tubular activity is associated with
      an increase in oxygen consumption. Lactate was taken up by both fetal and newborn
      kidneys, and in nine of the 11 fetuses and in four of the eight newborns, there
      was net glucose release from the kidney.

PMID- 4022672
TI  - Long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: an inherited cause of
      nonketotic hypoglycemia.
AB  - Three children from unrelated families presented in early childhood with
      hypoglycemia and cardiorespiratory arrests associated with fasting. Significant
      hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly, and hypotonia were present at the time of initial
      presentation. Ketones were not present in the urine at the time of hypoglycemia
      in any patient; however, dicarboxylic aciduria was documented in one patient at
      the time of the acute episode and in two patients during fasting studies. Total
      plasma carnitine concentration was low with an increased esterified carnitine
      fraction. These findings suggested a defect in mitochondrial fatty acid
      oxidation, and specific assays were performed for the acyl coenzyme A (CoA)
      dehydrogenases. These analyses showed that the activity of the long-chain acyl
      CoA dehydrogenase was less than 10% of control values in fibroblasts, leukocytes,
      and liver tissue. Activities of the medium-chain, short-chain, and isovaleryl CoA
      dehydrogenases were not different from control values. With cultured fibroblasts,
      CO2 evolution from long-chain fatty acids was significantly reduced, while CO2
      evolution from medium-chain and short-chain fatty acids was comparable to control
      values--findings consistent with a defect early in the beta-oxidation sequence.
      Studies of acyl CoA dehydrogenase activities in fibroblasts and leukocytes from
      parents of the patients showed levels of long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase
      activity intermediate between affected and control values and indicated an
      autosomal recessive form of inheritance of this enzymatic defect.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022673
TI  - Genetic deficiency of medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase: studies in
      cultured skin fibroblasts and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Medium-chain acyl coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase deficiency was demonstrated in
      fibroblasts and/or mononuclear leukocytes from 14 patients, most of whom
      initially presented early in childhood with a Reye-like syndrome associated with
      hypoketotic hypoglycemia, dicarboxylic aciduria, and low levels of plasma
      carnitine. Parents of these patients had intermediate levels of medium-chain acyl
      CoA dehydrogenase activity, consistent with their being heterozygous for an
      autosomal recessive trait. All patients had normal levels of long-chain acyl CoA
      dehydrogenase activity, but had reduced short-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase
      activity. Fatty acid oxidation was examined in cultured fibroblasts from five of
      the patients, using a series of 14C-labeled fatty acids of different chain length
      (palmitic, octanoic, and butyric). Oxidation of [1-14C]-octanoic acid was less
      than 20% of control levels: [1-14C], [6-14C]-, [16(14)C]-, and [14C(U)]-palmitic
      acid oxidation rates were 88, 51, 13, and 42% of control rates, respectively. [1
      14C]-butyric acid was oxidized normally. These data extend our previous findings
      of medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in liver tissue from three of
      these patients. They demonstrate the value of cultured fibroblasts and leukocytes
      in the diagnosis and evaluation of inherited disorders of fatty acid oxidation.

PMID- 4022674
TI  - Aldosterone metabolism and transepithelial potential difference in normal and
      cystic fibrosis subjects.
AB  - The transepithelial potential difference (PD) is raised across cystic fibrosis
      (CF) respiratory epithelia. This raised voltage reflects active sodium absorption
      across a relatively chloride impermeable membrane. Because relatively little is
      known about the regulation of the rate of sodium absorption across mammalian
      airways, we assessed the possible contribution of aldosterone to the PD in normal
      and CF respiratory epithelia. Aldosterone excretion in five CF patients was 12.2
      +/- 0.9 micrograms/24 h, a mean value not different from normal control subjects
      (13.6 +/- 1.5 micrograms/24 h, n = 5). Despite similar aldosterone excretion
      rates, nasal PD was more than 2-fold greater in the CF patients (-53.6 +/- 6.4
      mV) than normal subjects (-21.3 +/- 1.4 mV). The effect of an aldosterone
      antagonist, spironolactone, on aldosterone excretion and nasal and rectal PD was
      evaluated in four CF patients and five normal subjects. During spironolactone
      administration, aldosterone excretion increased (2- to 4-fold) and rectal PD
      decreased in both groups. However, nasal PD was unchanged in each group (CF = 
      52.1 +/- 4.3 mV pre, -53.6 +/- 1.4 mV during; normal = -21.2 +/- 3.1 mV pre, 
      21.6 +/- 3.2 mV during). We conclude that neither increased aldosterone secretion
      rates nor organ sensitivity to aldosterone can account for the abnormally raised
      PD that characterizes the respiratory epithelium of subjects with CF.

PMID- 4022675
TI  - Whole body protein synthesis and energy expenditure in very low birth weight
      infants.
AB  - The aim of the present work was to study whole body protein synthesis and
      breakdown, as well as energy metabolism, in very low birth weight premature
      infants (less than 1500 g) during their rapid growth phase. Ten very low birth
      weight infants were studied during their first and second months of life. They
      received a mean energy intake of 114 kcal/kg X day and 3 g protein/kg X day as
      breast milk or milk formula. The average weight gain was 15 g/kg X day. The
      apparent energy digestibility was 88%, i.e. 99 kcal/kg X day. Their resting
      postprandial energy expenditure was 58 kcal/kg X day, indicating that 41 kcal/kg
      X day was retained. The apparent protein digestibility was 89%, i.e. 2.65 g/kg X
      day. Their rate of protein oxidation was 0.88 g/kg X day so that protein
      retention was 1.76 g/kg X day. There was a linear relationship between N
      retention and N intake (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001). The slope of the regression
      line indicates a net efficiency of N utilization of 67%. Estimates of body
      composition from the energy balance, coupled with N balance method, showed that
      25% of the gain was fat and 75% was lean tissue. Whole body protein synthesis and
      breakdown were determined using repeated oral administration of 15N glycine for
      60-72 h, and 15N enrichment in urinary urea was measured. Protein synthesis
      averaged 11.2 g/kg X day and protein breakdown 9.4 g/kg X day. Muscular protein
      breakdown, as estimated by 3-methylhistidine excretion, contributed to 12% of the
      total protein breakdown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022676
TI  - The development of antioxidant enzymatic defense in the perinatal rat lung:
      activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase.
AB  - This report describes the development of superoxide dismutase, glutathione
      peroxidase, and catalase activities in fetal (days 16-22) and neonatal (day 2
      postpartum) lungs of normal rats. Each of the enzymes showed an individual
      pattern of development in the perinatal period. Glutathione peroxidase activity
      increased by 135% (p less than 0.001) during the last 3 days before birth,
      catalase activity by 105% (p less than 0.01) during the first 2 postnatal days,
      and the activity of superoxide dismutase by 52% (p less than 0.05) from
      gestational day 19 to 2 days after birth. Contamination by superoxide dismutase
      from blood in the lung samples accounted for less than 2% of the activity. In
      contrast, not less than 10-30% of glutathione peroxidase and catalase originated
      from the blood; and corrections were made for this source of error in each
      sample.

PMID- 4022677
TI  - Prostaglandin production and zinc depletion in human pregnancy.
AB  - An association between zinc depletion and intrauterine growth retardation might
      occur through disturbed prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. The zinc content and PG
      metabolism of leucocytes from control, nonpregnant women and mothers 24-48 h
      after delivery, were measured and related to fetal growth and maternal smoking.
      Mothers of small for gestational age babies had lower polymorphonuclear and
      mononuclear cell zinc contents than mothers of appropriate for gestational age
      babies or nonpregnant controls. Monocytes were the major leucocytes producing
      PGs. Mothers of small for gestational age babies had higher PGE2:F2 alpha ratios
      than mothers of appropriate for gestational age babies. PGF2 alpha production and
      PGE2:F2 alpha ratio were correlated with tissue zinc status. Monocytes from
      nonsmokers tended to produce more PGs than those from smokers but the differences
      were not significant. Mild maternal zinc depletion is not significantly
      sufficient to alter absolute PG production, but is associated with altered
      differential production of PGs in human leucocytes. Zinc depletion or
      malnutrition may contribute to intrauterine growth retardation by affecting
      placental and/or umbilical PG production.

PMID- 4022678
TI  - The chronically reserpinized rat as a model for cystic fibrosis: abnormal Cl-
      transport as the basis for reduced salivary fluid secretion.
AB  - Saliva secretion induced by 10(-6) M acetylcholine was reduced 74% in isolated,
      perfused submandibular glands of control rats when the gland was perfused with
      solutions containing either furosemide (10(-3) M) or sulfate (instead of
      chloride) as the major anion. In regular (Cl-containing) perfusates without
      furosemide, saliva secretion was reduced 74% in isolated glands of rats treated
      with seven intraperitoneal doses of reserpine (0.5 mg/kg body weight). In the
      latter, addition of furosemide or replacement of perfusate Cl- with SO = 4 caused
      a further 35% drop in saliva volumes. Salivary Cl- concentrations were lower in
      saliva from the treated animals and were reduced further by furosemide, which
      also reduced the Cl- concentrations of control saliva. In submandibular acini
      isolated from control glands, acute exposure to 36Cl (1 mu Ci/ml) resulted in a
      rapid uptake of tracer so that a constant content of isotope (approximately 9.5
      nM/mg protein) was attained in 4-5 min and maintained for 30 min. This basal
      uptake reached 8.4 nM/mg protein in acini isolated from glands of reserpine
      treated rats and attainment of a steady state of tracer content was delayed and
      required 8-10 min. Exposure to acetylcholine reduced uptake and steady state
      tracer content by 35% in control acini, but had no effect in acini of reserpine
      treated rats. Acetylcholine caused a rapid decrease (42% in 1 min) in 36Cl
      content of control acini which were preloaded with tracer for 12 min, but only a
      23% decrease in acini of reserpine-treated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022679
TI  - The effect of short-term starvation on mucosal barrier function in the newborn
      rabbit.
AB  - The compromised human newborn frequently presents with overwhelming feeding
      problems which lead to inadequate intake. These problems may affect the
      development of the small intestine, especially mucosal barrier function, leading
      to increased infections and susceptibility to allergens. To study this, an animal
      model was established using neonatal rabbits deprived of nutrients from birth
      until 72 h. Mucosal barrier function was compared in deprived and control
      (naturally fed 72-h-old animals) rabbits by measuring immunoreactive bovine serum
      albumin in serum 4 h after intragastric infusion of crystalline bovine serum
      albumin (200 mg/100 g body weight). Trypsin activity was measured in rinse fluid
      obtained from the small intestine. Representative sections of jejunum from
      control and experimental animals were formalin fixed and stained with hematoxylin
      and eosin for morphologic comparison. Following the bovine serum albumin feeding,
      a significantly increased serum immunoreactive bovine serum albumin and
      significantly decreased trypsin-like activity of the small intestinal rinse fluid
      was noted in starved animals compared to controls. In addition, the enterocytes
      of malnourished animals were more cuboidal and contained fewer and smaller
      supranuclear granules on microscopic examination than the enterocytes of
      controls. This study suggests that short-term starvation in newborns affects
      mucosal barrier function. Acute starvation may place newborns at increased risk
      for infections and allergic disease.

PMID- 4022680
TI  - [Cystinuria in children].

PMID- 4022681
TI  - [Surgical treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux in infants].

PMID- 4022682
TI  - [Hospital infections of the urinary tract in infants].

PMID- 4022683
TI  - [Clinico-morphological analysis of congenital nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 4022684
TI  - [Arterial hypertension in schoolchildren--incidence and causes].

PMID- 4022685
TI  - [Interstitial nephritis with iritis].

PMID- 4022686
TI  - Prevention of preterm births: a perinatal study in Haguenau, France.
AB  - A reduction in preterm births has been observed in Haguenau (Eastern France)
      during a 12-year intervention study with a program for prevention of preterm
      deliveries. The Perinatal Study of Haguenau was an observation tool used in a
      stable population, and it allowed measurement of the way women have progressively
      responded to the new proposals in prenatal care. It also allowed measurement of
      the results of the interventions: low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) and
      preterm birth rates (less than 37 weeks of gestation) among single live births.
      The total duration of the study was divided into three periods of four years
      (1971 through 1974, 1975 through 1978, and 1979 through 1982), for which the
      numbers of single live births are 5,763, 4,957, and 5,919, respectively. For the
      same periods, the low-birth-weight rates, 4.6%, 4.0%, and 3.8%, respectively,
      showed a significant decrease (P less than .001). Following a similar pattern,
      the rates of preterm birth were 5.4%, 4.1%, and 3.7% (a significant reduction
      with P less than .001). These improvements in pregnancy outcome do not disappear
      after standardization of mother's age, high blood pressure, or social class
      distribution. These findings, which concur with the results of others, enhance
      the hypothesis of a direct relationship between a prevention program and a
      reduction in preterm birth rates.

PMID- 4022687
TI  - Oral rehydration therapy for acute diarrhea in ambulatory children in the United
      States: a double-blind comparison of four different solutions.
AB  - Oral rehydration solutions containing 50 to 90 mmol/L of sodium have recently
      been recommended for the treatment of diarrhea in both hospitalized and
      ambulatory children in the United States. Few data are available, however, from
      ambulatory US children. Therefore, we conducted a randomized double-blind study
      comparing the use of four different oral rehydration solutions with differing
      concentrations of sodium, glucose, and base. Ambulatory children less than 2
      years of age with acute diarrhea (N = 140) were randomly chosen to receive
      solutions containing sodium at 90 (solution A), 50 (solution B), and 30 mmol/L
      (solutions C and D). All oral rehydration solutions contained 20 g/L of glucose
      except solution D which contained 50 g/L of glucose. Solution A contained
      bicarbonate as its base source whereas the other three contained citrate. All but
      three (98%) children were treated uneventfully according to the study protocol,
      and there were no differences among groups in measurements of clinical outcome.
      It was concluded that in ambulatory US children, oral rehydration solutions
      containing 90, 50, or 30 mmol/L of sodium can be used safely for the treatment of
      mild acute diarrhea and that citrate is as efficacious as bicarbonate in the
      correction of acidosis.

PMID- 4022688
TI  - Predictive value of abnormal physical examination findings in ill-appearing and
      well-appearing febrile children.
AB  - In order to study the occurrence and positive predictive value of history and
      physical examination findings suggestive of serious illness in ill-appearing and
      well-appearing febrile children, 103 consecutive children aged less than or equal
      to 24 months with fever greater than or equal to 38.3 degrees C were evaluated
      from July 1, 1982 to Nov 24, 1982. Patients were initially classified by an
      attending physician (A) as to whether they appeared ill (Yale Observation Scale
      score greater than 10) or well (scale score less than or equal to 10). The
      history was then taken by two attending physicians (A and B) and a resident; the
      physical examination was performed by attending physician B and the same
      resident. As history and physical examination findings were elicited, they were
      scored as to whether they did or did not suggest a serious illness. Serious
      illness was defined as the presence of a positive laboratory test. Ill-appearing
      patients had a significantly greater (P less than .001, Fisher's exact test)
      occurrence of physical examination findings suggesting serious illness (14 of 22,
      64%) than well-appearing children (12 of 81, 15%). The positive predictive values
      of abnormal physical examination findings for serious illness in ill-appearing
      (11 of 14, 79%) and well-appearing children (3 of 12, 25%) were significantly
      different (P = .02 by Fisher's exact test). The trends for abnormal history
      findings in ill-appearing and well-appearing children were similar to those for
      abnormal physical examination findings but did not achieve statistical
      significance. The results, indicating an important interaction between a febrile
      child's appearance and physical examination findings, are discussed in terms of
      probability reasoning in clinical decision making.

PMID- 4022689
TI  - Medical management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
AB  - A consecutive series of 113 infants seen with congenital nasolacrimal duct
      obstruction were treated with local massage and topical antibiotic ointment. In
      107 of the infants the obstruction was resolved within 8 months of initiation of
      this form of management. Nearly all of the infants were spared a surgical
      procedure that probably would have been performed if early probing of the
      nasolacrimal system had been advocated.

PMID- 4022690
TI  - Ten years of experience with 1,000 hyperactive children in a private practice.
AB  - A summary of the author's experience with 1,000 hyperactive children treated in a
      private practice over a period of 10 years is presented. Of 1,000 children
      entering the office, 872 were treated with stimulants for more than 6 months. Of
      these 872 children, 137 (16%) were considered as treatment failures; 735 (84%)
      had a positive response to medication. A follow-up of 197 patients in
      "remission," after treatment, suggested that symptoms had reappeared in 20% of
      the cases. The length of treatment in a group of 494 children still under
      observation on Dec 31, 1981, indicated that the majority of boys were treated for
      between 3 to 5 years; girls were treated for 2 to 3 years. Approximately 10% of
      the children received medication for 1 to 2 years, whereas about 20% were treated
      for more than 6 years. It was concluded that treatment with a stimulant for 5 to
      10 years is a safe and efficient way to help hyperactive children during a
      difficult time of life.

PMID- 4022691
TI  - Fifteen-year follow-up of a behavioral history of attention deficit disorder.
AB  - A 15-year longitudinal study of 369 children originally classified in second
      grade as exhibiting or not exhibiting behaviors commonly associated with
      attention deficit disorder was made. Diagnostic data were collected on these
      children in second, fourth, and fifth grades and subsequent school performance
      was evaluated after ninth and twelfth grades. Interviews were conducted 3 years
      after their graduation from high school. The ninth and twelfth grade records
      reveal that those who had previously been identified as showing behavior related
      to attention deficit disorder later performed significantly more poorly in school
      and had poorer social adjustment. Interviews in early adulthood continued to
      reveal differences in outcome between normal subjects and those earlier
      classified as having attention deficit disorder. Many of these differences could
      not be directly attributed to poor academic performance. A subgroup of students
      who were rated favorably by their elementary school teachers were found to
      perform better during high school than other members of the normal group in
      academic areas, but they generally did not differ from normal subjects in
      nonacademic areas.

PMID- 4022692
TI  - Alcohol and unnatural deaths in San Francisco youths.
AB  - Alcohol has been shown to play an important role in youthful unnatural deaths in
      one California county; its contribution was not limited to motor-vehicle
      fatalities. In contrast to existing approaches, several new prevention strategies
      imply that limiting the availability and consumption of alcohol may result in a
      reduction of the full range of alcohol-related injuries.

PMID- 4022693
TI  - Reye syndrome associated with aspirin therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A 14-year-old girl in whom Reye syndrome developed during aspirin therapy for an
      inflammatory disorder proven to be systemic lupus erythematosus is reported. This
      case and similar cases of Reye syndrome in patients with juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis suggest that an etiologic relationship exists between salicylate
      therapy and Reye syndrome in children with collagen vascular disorders.

PMID- 4022694
TI  - Primary lymphedema in children and adolescents: a follow-up study and review.
AB  - Primary lymphedema, a disorder causing persistent swelling in an extremity, is
      rare in children and adolescents; it affects 1.15/100,000 persons less than age
      20 years. It primarily affects girls near menarche. The records of 125 children
      and adolescents, aged 0 to 20 years, who were examined at the Mayo Clinic were
      analyzed; 99 of these patients were contacted to obtain follow-up data. The
      influences of estrogen and inflammation are thought to be important etiologic
      factors in primary lymphedema. The diagnosis can be made on the basis of a
      thorough history and physical examination. Lymphangiograms, venograms, and
      biopsies add nothing to the diagnosis because of the low incidence of tumor in
      children and adolescents. Conservative treatment is recommended: a Jobst-type
      stocking, elevation, and proper foot care. Diuretics are not recommended. Careful
      psychologic counseling, especially in adolescents, is highly recommended.

PMID- 4022695
TI  - Predicting mortality in low-birth-weight infants with pulmonary interstitial
      emphysema.
AB  - Due to the high mortality associated with pulmonary interstitial emphysema in the
      low-birth-weight infant, a method was developed to predict the infants most at
      risk for death. This information will allow the discriminant selection of
      patients for future trials of an alternative method of mechanical ventilation,
      high-frequency ventilation. During a 3-year-period (July 1, 1979 through June 30,
      1982), 70 infants were retrospectively analyzed to determine the clinical
      parameters important in predicting mortality. The infants at highest risk for
      death included those of younger gestational age, those with birth weight less
      than 1,500 g (95% of all mortalities), and those that developed pulmonary
      interstitial emphysema within the first 24 hours of life. Mortality sharply
      increased in the infants with birth weight less than 1,500 g whose ventilatory
      requirements exceeded a peak inspiratory pressure of 25 cm H2O on day 1.
      Morbidity was high in the survivors as evidenced by a 54% incidence of
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia. With multivariant analysis, it was possible to
      isolate the variables (birth weight and highest peak inspiratory pressure on day
      1) most influential in predicting mortality and to construct a formula for
      predicting mortality in the infants with birth weight less than 1,500 g. With a
      subsequent prospective study of 30 infants, the predictive accuracy of the
      formula was established.

PMID- 4022696
TI  - Gastrointestinal injury in polycythemic term infants.
AB  - Necrotizing enterocolitis is uncommon among term infants. In this group,
      necrotizing enterocolitis has been associated with two risk factors: polycythemia
      and umbilical catheterization. During a randomized trial of partial plasma
      exchange transfusion for treatment of polycythemia, an increased risk of
      gastrointestinal problems was noted. Eight hyperviscous patients treated with
      partial plasma exchange transfusion, no symptomatically treated patients, and no
      control infants developed typical necrotizing enterocolitis (blood in the stools,
      pneumatosis, and systemic signs). The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis was
      significantly greater among patients treated with exchange transfusion compared
      with patients treated symptomatically or control subjects (P less than .001).

PMID- 4022697
TI  - Decreased specific airway conductance in infant apnea.
AB  - A disorder of respiratory control is the suspected etiology in a majority of
      infants with apnea. Although neurologic control of breathing has been evaluated
      in infants surviving an apneic episode, pulmonary mechanics have not been
      previously measured. Pulmonary mechanics were measured during sleep in ten
      infants with apnea, aged 45.4 +/- 1.4 (SE) weeks postconception, and 13 control
      infants, aged 42.0 +/- 0.8 weeks postconception. Infant apnea patients were
      defined as those having at least one episode of cyanosis, limpness, and apnea
      requiring vigorous stimulation or resuscitation to restore normal breathing, and
      in whom no treatable etiology could be found. Thoracic gas volume, airway
      resistance, and specific airway conductance were measured in an infant body
      pressure plethysmograph during quiet breathing. Dynamic pulmonary compliance was
      measured in six infants using an esophageal balloon. Specific airway conductance
      was decreased in infants with apnea compared with control infants (P less than
      .05). Thoracic gas volume, airway resistance, and dynamic pulmonary compliance
      values were comparable with those of control infants. These data suggest that
      airway narrowing or abnormal control of airway tone during sleep may contribute
      to apnea in some infants.

PMID- 4022698
TI  - Near-miss sudden infant death syndrome in eight infants with sleep apnea-related
      cardiac arrhythmias.
AB  - Eight full-term infants between 3 and 8 weeks of age, who had had 24 to 48 hours
      of vague problems involving a congested upper airway and/or irritability, had a
      life-threatening respiratory episode at home, called a near-miss for sudden
      infant death syndrome event. Polygraphically monitored mixed apneas occurred in
      clusters during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep with significant cardiac
      arrhythmias, predominantly sinus arrest. The cardiorespiratory problems continued
      during sleep in the following 8 to 12 weeks but did not recur after that time,
      and there were no long-term sequelae when the children were studied again 4 to 7
      years later.

PMID- 4022699
TI  - Complications resulting from use of arterial catheters: retrograde flow and rapid
      elevation in blood pressure.
AB  - Arterial catheters, routinely used in neonatal intensive care units, have been
      associated with serious complications. In the present studies, retrograde blood
      flow occurring during routine flushing of peripheral and umbilical catheters is
      described. This retrograde flow is associated with a significant elevation of
      blood pressure at distant sites. These phenomena depend on the volume flushed and
      on the velocity of the flushing process. These phenomena can be prevented by
      flushing a small volume of 0.5 mL for a period of five seconds.

PMID- 4022700
TI  - Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinemia in neonates.
AB  - Serial myoglobin determinations were made in 20 neonates during the first week of
      life to determine whether birth asphyxia results in ischemic damage to muscle
      with the subsequent pathologic release of myoglobin. Serum myoglobin values were
      significantly elevated in asphyxiated infants compared with control infants. High
      myoglobin values correlated with a longer duration of oliguria in the neonatal
      intensive care unit population. The value of urine dipstick testing for
      myoglobinuria screening was also evaluated. Infants with elevated myoglobin
      values were more likely to have a strongly positive urine dipstick for occult
      blood in the first 48 hours of life. These data suggest that ischemic damage to
      muscle with pathologic release of myoglobin occurs in the neonatal period and
      that urine dipstick testing provides a reasonable screening examination for
      myoglobinuria.

PMID- 4022701
TI  - Aseptic meningitis secondary to metrizamide lumbar myelography in a 4 1/2-month
      old infant.
AB  - Although metrizamide has been used as a contrast agent for myelography for the
      past decade, there are few reports of its use in the pediatric population.
      Aseptic meningitis has rarely been reported as an adverse effect of metrizamide
      in adults. The first pediatric case of aseptic meningitis following lumbar
      myelography with metrizamide is reported.

PMID- 4022702
TI  - Role of soy-based, lactose-free formula during treatment of acute diarrhea.
AB  - A controlled study was conducted comparing the standard method of treating
      hospitalized infants with acute diarrhea (limited starvation) with the initiation
      of "early feeding" using a soy-based, lactose-free formula in infants of an
      American Indian tribe 12 months of age or younger. Forty-three patients, randomly
      assigned to group A, were given a soy-based, lactose-free formula four hours
      after hospitalization, and 44 patients, randomly assigned to group B, received
      standard therapy (food was withheld for the first 48 hours of hospitalization).
      After the first 48 hours, the same soy-based, lactose-free formula was given to
      the group B patients. Fluid intake and output of stool, urine, and vomitus were
      measured until the diarrhea resolved. Overall, group A patients showed less mean
      stool output (121 +/- 129 (SD) mL/kg) than group B patients (299 +/- 319 mL/kg)
      (P less than .001). Furthermore, the duration of illness was significantly
      shorter in group A patients (54 +/- 28 hours v 93 +/- 56 hours) (P less than
      .001). It was concluded that soy-based, lactose-free formulas can be safely used
      during the acute phase of diarrheal illness in infants and that their use
      shortens the duration of illness and decreases stool output in comparison with
      standard therapy.

PMID- 4022703
TI  - Meningomyelocele and Hirschprung disease: theoretical and clinical significance.

PMID- 4022705
TI  - Pediatric generalists in an academic setting.

PMID- 4022704
TI  - Childhood appendicitis: factors associated with perforation.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed to identify factors associated with
      perforation in 150 children with acute appendicitis. The children's parents were
      interviewed about the nature and timing of care, family history of appendicitis,
      and history of abdominal pain episodes, and the children's medical records were
      reviewed. Delay in treatment--the interval between first recognized symptoms of
      abdominal pain and surgery--was most predictive of perforation. A treatment delay
      of more than 36 hours was associated with a 65% or greater incidence of
      perforation. Mean delay for the group with perforation of the appendix was 66.7
      hours compared with 35.8 hours for the group having appendicitis without
      perforation (P less than .01). Mean professional delay was significantly longer
      in the group with perforated appendicitis than in the group having appendicitis
      without perforation (P less than .01), but mean parental delay was not. Children
      aged 1 to 4 years and those aged 5 to 8 years had a 74% and 66% incidence of
      perforation, respectively, compared with a 30% to 42% incidence in older children
      (P less than .01). Age had a significant effect upon perforation even when
      adjusted for delay in treatment. Other factors associated with perforation were
      family history of appendicitis, social class, advice given by the first health
      professional contacted, and the presence of fecaliths. When all factors were
      considered simultaneously by using logistic regression techniques, delay in
      treatment, age, and absence of a family history of appendicitis were all
      significant predictors of perforation.

PMID- 4022706
TI  - In search of wonder and wisdom: pediatrics in transition.

PMID- 4022707
TI  - Prevention of prematurity: can we do it in America?

PMID- 4022708
TI  - Maternal phenylketonuria. Committee on Genetics.

PMID- 4022709
TI  - Guidelines for the elective use of conscious sedation, deep sedation, and general
      anesthesia in pediatric patients. Committee on Drugs. Section on anesthesiology.

PMID- 4022710
TI  - Need for increased biostatistical consultation.

PMID- 4022712
TI  - Effectiveness of moped legislation.

PMID- 4022711
TI  - Protein-fortified milk in premature infants.

PMID- 4022713
TI  - [Plasma 25-OH D deficiency in Maghrebian children more than 10 years of age
      immigrated to France].
AB  - From 1984 Feb 1st to April 30, 63 blood samples were collected from children more
      than 10 years old in the pediatric unit of CHR de St-Etienne, and analysed for 25
      OH D, calcium, phosphate, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase serum
      concentrations. Mean 25 OH D is lower (22,6 nmol/1) in 26 migrant children (24
      from Maghreb and 2 from Turkey) than in 37 European children (mean = 48,6 nmol/1;
      p less than 0,001). Serum concentration is under 10 nmol/1 in 3 of the 37
      Europeans (8%), versus 13 of the 26 Maghrebians (50%). Mean alkaline phosphatase
      and phosphate are significantly higher in the 36 boys than in the 27 girls. A
      significative positive correlation is found between alkaline phosphatase and
      phosphate (r = 0,535; p less than 0,01). There is no relation between age, month
      of assessment, sex, height, weight, place of late holidays and any of the
      measured serum values.

PMID- 4022714
TI  - [Course of serum levels of free thyroid hormones in children from 10 days to 2
      years of age].
AB  - We have been studying a population of 95 normal children aged 10 days to 2 years,
      in order to determine the normal values of free thyroid hormone in this class of
      age. The concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay (Lepetit system). Free
      T3 (FT3) appears remarkably stable, with a mean at 4,92 pg/ml (3,23 - 7,50 mg/ml
      at +/- 2SD). These concentrations are significantly higher than those of adult.
      Free T4 (FT4) shows a significant decrease over the first month of life, with a
      mean at 14,31 pg/ml (10,27 - 19,94 pg/ml at +/- 2SD). There is no significant
      variation between the age of one month and 2 years. The mean is 10,51 pg/ml (7,00
      - 15,79 pg/ml +/- 2SD).

PMID- 4022715
TI  - [Neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism caused by clear cell hyperplasia].
AB  - Neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism is rare but must be evoke during respiratory
      distress with thoracic deformity and hypercalcemia. The plasma immunoreactive
      parathyroid hormone level allows the diagnostic. This case, with diffuse
      hyperplasia of water-clear cells type, develops rickets of vitamin D deficiency
      before surgery. A large parathyroidectomy (7/8) was performed and the child is
      normo-calcemic 2 years after. The time of surgery is function of calcium level.

PMID- 4022716
TI  - [Acute leukoencephalitis of measles. Apropos of 10 cases].
AB  - Authors report 10 cases of acute measles encephalitis from the last five years.
      They emphasize its only mode of beginning and the gravity of its sequelae.

PMID- 4022717
TI  - [Coexistence of late spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and congenital megaloblastic
      anemia with proteinuria in the same family].
AB  - A case of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda was noted in a dwarf (130 cm tall)
      18 years old boy associated with congenital megaloblastic anemia and proteinuria.
      His two sisters and a cousin are also suffering from similar hematologic
      disorder. One of his brothers, 145 cm tall, is also involved by
      spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, but there is no known hematologic abnormalities.
      Review of family history revealed that two aunts from mother's side were deceased
      in adulthood following a chronic anemic disease. The findings in this anemia are
      compatible with Imerslund-Grasbech syndrome and coexistence of these two rare
      genetic disorders in a single family has not been reported previously.

PMID- 4022718
TI  - [Pseudo precocious puberty in the McCune-Albright syndrome].
AB  - McCune Albright Syndrome is characterized by the triad of polyostostic fibrous
      dysplasia of bones, skin pigmentation (cafe au lait-spots) and sexual precocity.
      The authors report a case of a 7 years girl with this syndrome in whom the sexual
      precocity is due to an autonomous hyperfunctioning of luteinized follicular cysts
      of ovary. The pathogenic mechanisms of this autonomy are debate.

PMID- 4022720
TI  - Validation of a nonverbal instrument for pain location descriptions in children.

PMID- 4022719
TI  - [Complications of pyelo-ureteral duplications in children and their surgical
      treatment. Apropos of 69 cases (78 pathogenic duplications)].
AB  - The authors report their experience on the surgical treatment of 69 infants and
      children with pyelo-ureteral duplication. Urinary infection was the main
      revealing symptom (52 cases). Vesico-ureteral reflux was the major associated
      anomaly (39 cases) involving most often the lower pole ureter; the surgical
      correction of the reflux was performed according to the technique of Cohen with a
      favorable outcome in all cases. Because of poorly functioning and dysplastic
      upper renal segment, partial upper pole nephrectomy was performed in 8 among 12
      cases of associated ectopic ureteral orifice and in 9 among 15 cases of
      associated ureterocele. A reimplantation of the ureter was made possible in 3
      cases of ectopic ureteral orifice and in 5 cases of ureterocele with little
      corresponding renal lesions. With the experience of one neonate who died from
      septic shock following partial nephrectomy there were no other post-operative
      complications in this series.

PMID- 4022721
TI  - Intuition, cognitive style, and hemispheric processing.
AB  - 200 undergraduate volunteers were administered Westcott's Test of Intuitive
      Ability, Witkin's Group Embedded Figures Test, Paivio's Revised Individual
      Differences Questionnaire, and visual and aural dominance measures using a three
      field tachistoscope and dichotic listening device, respectively. Field dependence
      was consistently related to poorer intuitive performance. No sex-related
      differences were found on intuition, embedded figures, Paivio's questionnaire, or
      dominance scores although the amount of intuition explained by cognitive style
      and dominance differed by hand and gender. Visual-verbal style was not associated
      with dominance while the relation of field dependence-independence and dominance
      was inconsistent. Neither dominance nor visual-verbal style was consistently
      related to intuition although complicated associations were indicated by hand and
      sex, suggesting differences in cognitive organization.

PMID- 4022722
TI  - Development of sign-based perception by deaf children.
AB  - In this study the sign-based perceptual abilities of 59 deaf children are
      investigated. Like many hearing speaking children, deaf signing children appear
      to perceive isolated lexical items based on the formational parameters of those
      items. Also, deaf signers show trends similar to those exhibited by hearing
      speakers for the development of the perceptual ability necessary to distinguish
      between minimal pairs within their respective language systems.

PMID- 4022723
TI  - Interindividual differences in acuity for odor and aroma.
AB  - To determine the olfactory acuity of 27 subjects a sensory test was presented
      which was divided into 4 subtests, 2 for nasal and 2 for oral stimulation. Each
      subtest contained 28 (4 substances X 7 concentrations) olfactory detection tasks
      (items). The substances used were lemon and rum aroma as well as ethyl butyrate
      and amyl acetate, the solvents tap water and sugared tap water. Analysis showed
      that the test provided a clear differentiation between subjects of low, medium,
      and high olfactory acuity. The intercorrelations among the test substances and
      the split-half reliabilities of the subtests proved relatively high, whereas only
      moderate to low intercorrelations among the subtests were found. This was
      considered an effect of intraindividual variations of olfactory sensitivity.
      Finally, some conclusions for the construction of acuity tests for odor and aroma
      are presented.

PMID- 4022724
TI  - Tactile stimulation and interhemispheric communication by learning disabled
      children: an exploratory study.
AB  - 33 right-handed, learning disabled children aged 8-10 yr., 11-13 yr., and 14-16
      yr. were presented a tactile discrimination task. Pairs of fabrics of different
      or the same texture were presented to the same hand (uncrossed condition) or
      alternating hands (crossed condition). Analysis indicated that the total number
      of crossed errors was significantly greater for the youngest children. There were
      no significant differences between the groups for the uncrossed condition. These
      results suggest that younger learning disabled children may experience greater
      difficulty on a task which required interhemispheric transfer.

PMID- 4022725
TI  - Physical exercise, social background, and the well-being of older adult women.
AB  - 28 older women participating in an exercise program were compared to 30 older
      women not participating in an exercise program on two behavioral measures. There
      were no significant main effects for participation-nonparticipation in an
      exercise program. Significant main effects were found, however, for each of three
      social variables.

PMID- 4022727
TI  - A magnitude-estimation response pool for production of lingual vibrotactile
      magnitudes.
AB  - The present pilot study was designed to obtain samples of numerical vibrotactile
      magnitude estimations from two groups of 37 randomly selected subjects (Mage =
      22.04 yr.) and to determine if these numbers were statistically equivalent.
      Analysis showed the numerical responses of the two groups of subjects were
      statistically equivalent. It was suggested that they might be viewed as a
      representative sample of magnitude-estimation numbers that could be employed in
      experimentation on lingual vibrotactile magnitude production.

PMID- 4022726
TI  - Multifactorial assessment of reading disability: identifying the best predictors.
AB  - A multifactorial diagnostic assessment battery was evaluated using data obtained
      from 105 reading-disabled children and their matched controls (total N = 210). A
      stepwise discriminant function analysis selected five nonreading measures from
      among 16 as the best diagnostic predictors of reading disability. These measures
      included WISC-R Information and Digit Span, self-reported family histories of
      reading problems, and tests of symbol-processing speed and letter fluency.

PMID- 4022728
TI  - Level of aspiration and performance of chronic psychiatric patients on a simple
      motor task.
AB  - The level of aspiration and performance was examined for 25 male psychiatric
      inpatients whose mean age was 57.4 yr. and mean length of hospitalization was
      23.6 yr. For a simple motor task involving flipping a plastic chip over a goal
      line, each patient expressed the ward and his personal pretask levels of
      aspiration, performed the task, and expressed his personal posttask aspiration.
      The expressions of both the ward and pretask levels of aspiration were less than
      the mean score of a nonhospitalized referent group. Both performance and posttask
      levels of aspiration were greater than the pretask level. More patients predicted
      they would perform worse than the other patients on the ward than predicted they
      would perform better. The patients appropriately shifted their levels of
      aspiration either up after success or down after failure. The results were
      discussed according to expectations from classical theory as well as findings
      with schizophrenics. Implications for further research were discussed.

PMID- 4022729
TI  - Laterality of cerebral function: relations with anxiety, repression, and
      perception.
AB  - Based on two factor analyses of data from 67 right-handed undergraduates, a
      laterality quotient based on forward memory spans, spatial minus digit, divided
      by their sum, was devised. The hemispheric balance factor for which this quotient
      served as the principal marker had significant positive loadings by the
      laterality quotient for the Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire and by a measure
      of repressive tendencies, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Scores
      from this factor were positively related to global as opposed to analytic
      perception as measured by the Navon tachistoscopic task. This factor was
      unrelated to the trait anxiety and working short-term memory factors which also
      emerged. Trait anxiety was negatively related to global perception. The results
      raise the possibility that greater degrees of right-handedness may be related to
      the release of the nondominant right hemisphere from inhibition and that working
      short-term memory may not be lateralized.

PMID- 4022730
TI  - Compliance with homework to employ self-instructions in controlling ice water
      pain: an analogue to counseling.
AB  - 40 women were taught to use self-statements to cope with pain caused by ice
      water. The trainer used four different strategies for reassigning a homework task
      of using self-statements to cope with pain produced by immersing one hand in ice
      water. The strategies were equally effective in eliciting compliance with the
      homework assignment.

PMID- 4022731
TI  - Death anxiety as a semantic conditioned suppression paradigm.
AB  - Death anxiety and more severe forms of thanatophobia are encountered frequently
      in the clinical population. However, approaches that allow behavioral solutions
      to these experiences are conspicuously absent in the literature. From an operant
      perspective, death anxiety arises from repeated exposures to direct and implicit
      forms of the statement "I will die". It is the semantic equivalent of a
      conditioned suppression paradigm. Historically, the human organism has attempted
      to reduce the aversive consequences of this reinforcement schedule by
      extinguishing one of its three components. The "solutions" characterize the
      fundamental philosophical and religious treatments of death anxiety. A behavioral
      semantics approach is proposed as suitable for dealing with death anxiety of a
      religious, educated young adults, particularly those dying of terminal diseases.

PMID- 4022732
TI  - Improving the test-taking skills of learning-disabled students.
AB  - 16 learning-disabled second- and third-grade students were matched on previous
      years' achievement scores and grade and assigned at random to experimental and
      control conditions. Students in the experimental condition were given 8 20-min.
      sessions of training in test-taking skills particular to the Stanford Achievement
      Test. Analysis of test scores indicated trained students scored significantly
      higher on one subtest of a shortened version of the test than students who had
      not been trained.

PMID- 4022733
TI  - Geophysical variables and behavior: XXVIII. Group health-care-seeking behavior
      and meteorological variables.
AB  - Outpatient visits to a "subtropical" military medical clinic (group health-care
      seeking behavior) were correlated to weather variables via stepwise linear
      regression. Despite several significant sets of correlations, quantitative (r,
      r2, multiple R, multiple R2 and x2) and qualitative (matrix) analyses did not
      support the existence of lag/causal relationships between weather and behavior.
      The largest amount of variance (r2) attributable to an individual weather
      variable was 3% for lower (minimum) daily mean wind speed per month. No
      regression accommodated more than 36% of variance. Thus, 64% of variance was due
      to unidentified variables. A winter "seasonal effect" (December and January) was
      tentatively identified. Group influenza immunizations and 3-day holidays preceded
      increased visits.

PMID- 4022734
TI  - Interhemispheric transfer of visual information in schizophrenics.
AB  - Groups of 12 male schizophrenic inpatients and 12 normal controls of the same
      age, sex, and schooling underwent a tachistoscopic test. Each subject was shown
      an alphabetical letter which he subsequently had to recognize among various other
      alphabetical letters also shown tachistoscopically. The visual hemifields of the
      two displays were ipsilateral and crossed. Relative to the normal group the
      schizophrenics showed higher perceptual thresholds, lower over-all mean
      performance, and greater lateralization. The results are discussed in terms of
      rigidly and poorly integrated systems of analysis of information between one
      hemisphere and the other for schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 4022735
TI  - Learning effects of knowledge of results upon time estimation.
AB  - College students of both sexes served as their own controls to test three
      hypotheses in each of two separate experiments designed to assess the learning
      effects of knowledge of results upon time estimation. The results indicated that
      (1) knowledge of results in the form of feedback to the nearest hundredth of a
      second significantly increased the mean accuracy of time estimations obtained by
      the method of production, (2) that knowledge of results significantly decreased
      the variance of the time estimations, and (3) that sex difference as a main
      effect was not significant in either experiment. A major conclusion of the
      present study was that variance represents an authentic and independent measure
      of learning.

PMID- 4022736
TI  - Antidepressant treatment of children: clinical relapse is unrelated to tricyclic
      plasma concentrations.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of imipramine and amitriptyline and their desmethylated
      metabolites were measured in 20 children being treated for major depressive
      illness 2 wk. and 5 to 10 wk. after achieving drug dosages of 2.25 mg/kg body
      weight. At 2 wk. all children had exhibited clinical improvement, but by 10 wk. 4
      of the 10 children treated with imipramine and 5 of the 10 children treated with
      amitriptyline had experienced clinical relapse of depressive symptoms. Tricyclic
      antidepressant plasma concentrations and ratios were comparable in the subgroups
      of children who maintained their clinical improvement and those who relapsed.
      There was no evidence of a systematic decline in plasma tricyclic antidepressant
      concentrations in those children who relapsed.

PMID- 4022737
TI  - Audiospatial integration.
AB  - A method to examine audiospatial integration was developed through studies of
      normal and brain-injured patients. The method used a sound source sequentially
      outlining a spatial pattern within an array of 100 loudspeakers. For 48 subjects
      tested with this method, the presence or absence of visual cues had no effect in
      audiospatial processing. Eye movements also did not match the perceived sound
      patterns. Significantly higher hit rates were obtained by placing the panel of
      loudspeakers in front, behind or above the subject rather than on the left or
      right. These differences were observed with involuntary but not with voluntary
      head-fixation. Theoretical concepts of audiospatial processing are discussed.

PMID- 4022738
TI  - Temporal lobe signs and reports of subjective paranormal experiences in a normal
      population: a replication.
AB  - Correlations (r = 0.50) were found between the numbers of different psi
      (paranormal) experiences and the numbers of temporal lobe signs within a
      population of university students (n = 99). The strongest correlation of 0.60
      occurred with a cluster of signs that are similar to symptoms reported by
      patients who show chronic foci in the mesiobasal temporal lobe. However, there
      were no significant correlations between numbers of different psi experiences and
      clusters of control items or a lie scale. Specific analyses of the 140 items of
      the inventory indicated only 23 reached statistical criterion (p less than .001).
      Of these 17 were direct temporal lobe signs that implied deepened affect,
      auditory-vestibular experiences (vibrations, hearing one's name called),
      olfactory auras, perseveration ("forced" thinking), depersonalization, and sense
      of the personal. Five items involved beliefs about exotic phenomena or
      philosophical ideas. Only one item was from a control cluster. These results
      support the hypothesis that mystical or paranormal experiences are associated
      with transient electrical foci within the temporal lobe of the human brain. The
      repeated occurrence of these experiences within normal individuals may be
      embedded within a more complex symptomatology of temporal lobe signs.

PMID- 4022739
TI  - Size of human figure drawing and Goodenough-Harris scores of pediatric oncology
      patients: a pilot study.
AB  - Human figure drawings of 12 pediatric oncology patients were significantly
      smaller in height, width, and area than were drawings of 12 school children and
      12 pediatric general surgery patients paired for sex and age. The Goodenough
      Harris scores of the cancer patients' drawings were also significantly lower than
      those of both school and general surgery groups. It is hypothesized that anxiety,
      lowered self-esteem, and the effects of chemotherapy contributed to these
      findings.

PMID- 4022740
TI  - Perception of life stress events by older and younger women.
AB  - 24 women over 60 yr. and 24 younger women rated the severity of life stress
      events drawn from a pool of events occurring to elderly people. There were no
      over-all age differences, but rather strong agreement on which events were most
      threatening. There was some evidence, however, that the old rated 'severe' death
      events as less threatening than younger women.

PMID- 4022741
TI  - Developmental trends in dichhaptic lateralization.
AB  - Two studies on developmental trends in dichhaptic lateralization for
      nonlinguistic stimuli were conducted on school-aged children. Study 1 included 60
      students in Grades 1, 5, and 9. Study 2 included 200 students from Grades 2, 4,
      6, 8, and 10. Both studies showed significant age-related increases in over-all
      dichhaptic accuracy. In Study 2 a significant left-hand advantage for all
      subjects as well as an over-all advantage for boys were noted. Significant
      interactions indicated different developmental trends for boys and girls but did
      not show clear patterns in the development of lateralization.

PMID- 4022742
TI  - Space flight: III. Isolation of perceptual variable in parabola flight sickness
      with countermeasure to lower gastric pH.
AB  - Two factors of space sickness are discussed, one perceptual and the other
      physiological. Data from 2 adults on KC-135 airplane parabolic flights.

PMID- 4022743
TI  - Motoric indicators of laterality and determination of lateral dominance in
      schizophrenia.
AB  - The literature suggests that schizophrenics exhibit reduced or reversed cerebral
      lateral dominance relative to normal control subjects. An hypothesis which
      predicted reduced or reversed cerebral laterality for schizophrenics was tested
      on 60 young, familially right-handed males, with 20 men in each of the following
      three groups: schizophrenic inpatients, nonschizophrenic psychiatric inpatient
      controls, and normal controls. The subjects were administered a battery of seven
      measures of cerebral laterality. The application of multivariate statistical
      techniques showed groups did not differ significantly in the degree or the
      direction of their cerebral lateral dominance. Also there were no significant
      correlations between the measures of laterality. The findings suggest that
      cerebral lateral dominance is not necessarily altered concomitantly with
      psychopathology but rather that it is a complex phenomenon which may not be
      reliably determined on the basis of simple behavioral characteristics.

PMID- 4022744
TI  - Comparison of self- and peer-perceptions of mentally retarded children.
AB  - The self- and peer-perceptions of 40 mentally retarded children (mental ages 6
      yr. to 12 yr.) were compared. Age differences were not obtained. Affective
      reports of likes and dislikes predominated the self-perceptions. Situational,
      external descriptions of behavior characterized the peer perceptions. These
      qualitative results are similar to the self- and peer-perceptions of nonretarded
      children.

PMID- 4022745
TI  - Analysis of temporal suppression mechanism in binocular rivalry.
AB  - A method for analyzing the temporal suppression mechanism in binocular rivalry is
      described. A test pattern was presented to one eye and a suppressing pattern to
      the other eye after varying time intervals. The subject was instructed to report
      the frequency of nonsuppression phases of the test pattern immediately after
      presentation of the suppressing pattern. Analysis indicated that the test pattern
      was never suppressed at the 0-msec. stimulus onset asynchrony and the
      nonsuppression probabilities decreased as the onset asynchrony increased.
      Moreover, resistivity to contralateral suppression was greater when the test
      pattern was projected to the dominant eye.

PMID- 4022746
TI  - The effects of peripheral movement and flicker on the detection thresholds of
      sinusoidal gratings.

PMID- 4022747
TI  - Retention in perceptual memory: a review of models and data.

PMID- 4022748
TI  - Achromatic color categories.

PMID- 4022749
TI  - Effects of single-session repetitive judgments on magnitude estimation scales for
      lingual vibrotactile sensation.

PMID- 4022750
TI  - Serial-pattern structure and temporal-order recognition.

PMID- 4022751
TI  - The effects of changes in curve geometry on magnitude estimates of road-like
      perspective curvature.

PMID- 4022752
TI  - Cognitive interference in prism adaptation.

PMID- 4022753
TI  - How does speed change affect induced motion?

PMID- 4022754
TI  - On the nature of inducing forms generating perceptions of illusory contours.

PMID- 4022755
TI  - Stimulus presentation frequency in brightness discrimination and generalization:
      a test of adaptation-level and signal-detection interpretations.

PMID- 4022756
TI  - Describing perceptual information about human growth in terms of geometric
      invariants.

PMID- 4022757
TI  - Matching of facial features: continuous processing, improper filtering, and
      holistic comparison.

PMID- 4022758
TI  - Effect of intermixed foveal and parafoveal presentation on same-different
      judgments: evidence for a criterion-inertia model.

PMID- 4022759
TI  - Space constancy and corollary discharge.

PMID- 4022760
TI  - The bactericidal activity of aqueous disinfectants applied on living tissues.
AB  - Thirteen antiseptic aqueous solutions intended for the disinfection of living
      tissues were compared in regard to their microbicidal effectiveness towards.
      Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Six antiseptics, which contain
      boric acid, eosine, hydrogen peroxide or an organic mercury compound as the
      active substance, did not fulfil the requirements of the preliminary in vitro
      test. The seven other preparations were examined in a practical test, in which
      bactericidal activity was assessed on artificially contaminated intact skin after
      exposures of 15 s and 60 s. The most active solution appeared to be 0.5%
      tosylchloramide sodium, followed by 0.05% chlorhexidine with 0.5% cetrimide. The
      other preparations, namely 0.05% chlorhexidine without cetrimide, 0.245%
      chloroxylenol, 0.04% clorofene, 10% povidone-iodine and 0.2% tosylchloramide
      sodium, were less active in this practical test.

PMID- 4022761
TI  - Determination of the stability of tetracycline suspensions by high performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - High performance liquid chromatography was used to examine the stability of
      tetracycline suspensions, prepared according to the Formulary of the Dutch
      Pharmacists and the National Formulary v (Belgium). The influence of the nature
      of the buffer salt, of the pH, and of the temperature and time of storage are
      discussed. At slightly acid pH (4 to 5.5) and at room temperature suspensions are
      stable for at least three months.

PMID- 4022762
TI  - A general system for the automation of a backflush equipped gas chromatograph and
      its application in the determination of fluoride in plasma and faeces.
AB  - A fully automated system is described in which a gas chromatograph equipped with
      a backflush valve is automatically operated under the control of a specially
      designed timer unit. The system requires minimum data acquisition due to the
      selection of the signals to be integrated while waste of recorder paper is also
      avoided. It has the capability of unattended operation of fifty samples which--in
      the case of fluoride determination--are chromatographed in about four hours.

PMID- 4022763
TI  - Degradation products of the promethazine radical cation.
AB  - The degradation products of the promethazine radical cation, generated from
      promethazine with horseradish peroxidase/H2O2, have been investigated. Several
      products have been identified which resulted from fission of the bond between the
      two ethanamine carbon atoms of the N10 side chain. The main product (approx. 90%)
      was identified as 10-formyl-5-oxophenothiazine. The likely structure of three
      minor products was also elucidated. The degradation of the promethazine radical
      cation is different from that of radical cations derived from the propanamine
      side chain containing phenothiazine drugs.

PMID- 4022764
TI  - [Initial results from a randomized study in the counties of Kopparberg and
      Ostergotland (the WE project). Reduced mortality in breast cancer through health
      control with mammography].

PMID- 4022765
TI  - [Diarrhea as a clinical problem].

PMID- 4022766
TI  - [Rotavirus gastroenteritis in children].

PMID- 4022767
TI  - [Humorally mediated diarrheas].

PMID- 4022768
TI  - [Computers, an aid in clinical research].

PMID- 4022769
TI  - A highly polymorphic region 3' to the human type II collagen gene.
AB  - We have characterised a highly polymorphic region 1.3kb downstream of the human
      Type II collagen gene. It consists of a highly AT-rich tandem repetitive region
      (minisatellite) approximately 650bp long. Two alleles had been observed
      previously, differing in size by approximately 300bp. When this region was cloned
      from four unrelated individuals carrying the larger allele, DNA sequence data
      identified three alleles, suggesting far higher polymorphism than was originally
      supposed. This minisatellite was shown to be present in a single copy in the
      human genome, and to have arisen after the divergence of Old and New World
      monkeys.

PMID- 4022770
TI  - A comparison between mammalian and avian fast skeletal muscle alkali myosin light
      chain genes: regulatory implications.
AB  - A single locus in the mouse, rat and chicken encodes both alkali myosin light
      chains, MLC1F and MLC3F. This gene has two distinct promoters and gives rise to
      two different primary transcripts, which are processed by alternative and
      different modes of splicing to form MLC1F and MLC3F mRNAs. The MLC1F/MLC3F gene
      is very similar between mouse, rat and chicken, in terms of its overall
      structure, the length and location of the introns, and the splice site consensus
      sequences. Nucleotide sequences of coding regions are very conserved but 3' and
      5' non coding regions of the mRNAs have diverged. In the MLC1F promoter regions,
      several blocks of nucleotides are highly conserved (more than 70% homology),
      especially a sequence of about 70 nucleotides, located between positions -80 and 
      150 relative to the Cap site. Conserved blocks of homology are also found in the
      MLC3F promoter regions, although the common sequences are shorter. The presence
      of such highly conserved nucleotide sequences in the 5' flanking regions suggests
      that these sequences are functionally important in initiation of transcription
      and regulation of expression of this complex gene. Primer extension experiments
      indicate multiple cap sites for MLC3F mRNA.

PMID- 4022771
TI  - Characteristics of trypanosome variant antigen genes active in the tsetse fly.
AB  - Trypanosoma brucei contains a repertoire of more than 100 different genes for
      Variant Surface Glycoproteins (VSGs). A small and strain-specific fraction of
      these genes is expressed in the salivary glands of the tsetse fly (M-genes),
      giving rise to metacyclic Variable Antigen Types (M-VATs). Antibodies produced in
      a chronic trypanosome infection initiated by syringe inoculation of bloodstream
      forms into mammals (i.e. against B-VATs), will react with most of the M-VATs
      suggesting that these B-VATs express VSG genes that are similar or identical to M
      genes. We have cloned DNA complementary to the VSG mRNA of four of such B-VATs
      and used this to characterize the corresponding VSG genes. In three of the four
      VATs we find a single VSG gene hybridizing with the cDNA probe and we provide
      supporting evidence that this gene is expressed as an M-gene. In the bloodstream
      repertoire these genes appear to be activated by duplicative translocation to
      another telomere. In all four variants the putative M-genes are telomeric and in
      the three cases where the location of the genes on chromosome-sized DNA molecules
      could be determined, the genes were located in large DNA, whereas the majority of
      the telomeric VSG genes are in chromosomes less than 1000 kb. Our results are
      best explained by models for M-gene activation involving telomeric expression
      sites for these genes which are separate from those used by bloodstream forms.
      The implications of these results for vaccination are discussed.

PMID- 4022772
TI  - Conserved sequences in both coding and 5' flanking regions of mammalian opal
      suppressor tRNA genes.
AB  - The rabbit genome encodes an opal suppressor tRNA gene. The coding region is
      strictly conserved between the rabbit gene and the corresponding gene in the
      human genome. The rabbit opal suppressor gene contains the consensus sequence in
      the 3' internal control region but like the human and chicken genes, the rabbit
      5' internal control region contains two additional nucleotides. The 5' flanking
      sequences of the rabbit and the human opal suppressor genes contain extensive
      regions of homology. A subset of these homologies is also present 5' to the
      chicken opal suppressor gene. Both the rabbit and the human genomes also encode a
      pseudogene. That of the rabbit lacks the 3' half of the coding region. Neither
      pseudogene has homologous regions to the 5' flanking regions of the genes. The
      presence of 5' homologies flanking only the transcribed genes and not the
      pseudogenes suggests that these regions may be regulatory control elements
      specifically involved in the expression of the eukaryotic opal suppressor gene.
      Moreover the strict conservation of coding sequences indicates functional
      importance for the opal suppressor tRNA genes.

PMID- 4022773
TI  - Efficient octopine Ti plasmid-derived vectors for Agrobacterium-mediated gene
      transfer to plants.
AB  - A two-component cloning system to transfer foreign DNA into plants was derived
      from the octopine Ti plasmid pTiB6S3. pGV2260 is a non-oncogenic Ti plasmid from
      which the T-region is deleted and substituted by pBR322. pGV831 is a streptomycin
      resistant pBR325 derivative that contains a kanamycin resistance marker gene for
      plant cells and a site for cloning foreign genes between the 25-bp border
      sequences of the octopine T-region. Conjugative transfer of pGV831 derivatives to
      Agrobacterium and cointegration by homologous recombination between the pBR322
      sequences present on pGV831 and pGV2260, can be obtained in a single step.
      Strains carrying the resulting cointegrated plasmids transfer and integrate T-DNA
      into the genome of tobacco protoplasts, and transformed tobacco calli are readily
      selected as resistant to kanamycin. Intact plants containing the entire DNA
      region between the T-DNA borders have been regenerated from such clones. In view
      of these properties we present pGV831 and its derivatives as vectors for
      efficient integration of foreign genes into plants.

PMID- 4022774
TI  - Base-base mismatches. Thermodynamics of double helix formation for dCA3XA3G +
      dCT3YT3G (X, Y = A,C,G,T).
AB  - Thermodynamic parameters for double strand formation have been measured for the
      sixteen double helices of the sequence dCA3XA3G.dCT3YT3G, with each of the bases
      A, C, G and T at the positions labelled X and Y. The results are analyzed in
      terms of nearest-neighbors and are compared with thermodynamic parameters for RNA
      secondary structure. At room temperature the sequence (Formula: see text) is more
      stable than (Formula: see text) and is similar in stability to (Formula: see
      text) and (Formula: see text) are least stable. At higher temperatures the
      sequences containing a G.C base pair become more stable than those containing
      only A.T. All molecules containing mismatches are destabilized with respect to
      those with only Watson-Crick pairing, but there is a wide range of
      destabilization. At room temperature the most stable mismatches are those
      containing guanine (G.T, G.G, G.A); the least stable contain cytosine (C.A, C.C).
      At higher temperatures pyrimidine-pyrimidine mismatches become the least stable.

PMID- 4022775
TI  - Human DNA sequences exhibiting gamete-specific hypomethylation.
AB  - Three human DNA sequences have been cloned from DNA regions which are strikingly
      undermethylated in sperm, highly methylated in adult somatic tissues, and
      methylated to an intermediate extent in tissues of extraembryonic origin. It is
      proposed that some such DNA sequences may function specifically early in
      embryogenesis or during gametogenesis. They may be subsequently extensively
      methylated in the embryonic cell lineage and methylated to a lesser extent in
      extraembryonic tissues in order to allow embryogenesis to proceed.

PMID- 4022776
TI  - Histone H1 and HMG 14/17 are deposited nonrandomly in the nucleus.
AB  - We have studied the assembly of histone H1 and the high mobility group
      nonhistones 14/17 by isopycnic analysis after crosslinking density labeled MSB
      cell nuclei or chromatin. Carbodiimide crosslinking produces dense poly-H1 and
      hybrid density H1-H2A histone dimers, indicating that new H1 is deposited
      nonrandomly, albeit nonconservatively relative to new core histones. Core histone
      HMG crosslinking with succinimidyl propionate yields dense HMG 14 in uniformly
      dense particles and new HMG 17 crosslinked to both dense and light protein,
      implying that HMG 14 and 17 each deposit nonrandomly; but differently with
      respect to new core octamers. Propionimidate crosslinking yields dense H1-HMG 17
      dimers, suggesting that the interactions of new 14/17 with H1 (new HMG 14-old H1,
      new HMG 17-new H1) are reciprocal to their interactions with the core histones.

PMID- 4022777
TI  - Isolation and sequence of cDNA clones coding for a member of the family of high
      mobility group proteins (HMG-T) in trout and analysis of HMG-T-mRNA's in trout
      tissues.
AB  - A specific oligonucleotide has been used to isolate a cDNA prepared from the mRNA
      for a trout High Mobility Group (HMG) protein closely related to trout HMG-T and
      bovine HMG 1 and 2 proteins. The sequence isolated more closely resembles bovine
      HMG-1 than the previously sequenced HMG-T protein in regions corresponding to the
      N terminal half of the protein. Northern blot analysis at low stringency
      indicated that 2 related sequences are expressed in total trout testis mRNA.
      Southern blots of total trout DNA indicate that several different forms of the
      homologous sequence are present in the trout genome and an estimate of copy
      number by dot-blot shows 4 HMG-T genes per trout sperm DNA equivalent. Analysis
      of mRNA from several trout tissues, including testis, liver and kidney indicates
      that expression of genes for histones and the larger HMG proteins in trout is not
      closely coupled.

PMID- 4022778
TI  - Characterization of mouse 45S ribosomal RNA subspecies suggests that the first
      processing cleavage occurs 600 +/- 100 nucleotides from the 5' end and the second
      500 +/- 100 nucleotides from the 3' end of a 13.9 kb precursor.
AB  - Mouse fibroblasts labeled 1-9 h with 3H-uridine contained radioactive 45S rRNA
      subspecies of 13.9, 13.3, and 12.8 kb, as determined by hybrid-selection with
      rDNA plasmids and by electrophoresis in agarose-formaldehyde. The 13.9 kb
      subspecies contained 5' and 3' terminal rDNA sequences known from the work of
      Grummt and colleagues to be at or near the ends of the primary transcript. The
      13.3 kb subspecies contained the 3' terminal sequence but lacked the 5' terminal
      sequence. The 12.8 kb subspecies lacked both terminal sequences. Washed nuclei
      produced one discrete species of 13.9 kb. The results suggested that synthesis of
      the primary transcript terminated 500 +/- 100 nucleotides beyond the 3' end of
      28S rRNA, that the first processing cleavage occurred 600 +/- 100 nucleotides
      from the origin of synthesis, and the second cleavage occurred near the 3' end of
      28S rRNA. Changes in relative radioactivities among the subspecies after serum
      stimulation or after treatment with low concentrations of cycloheximide
      suggesting that processing was not perfectly coupled with synthesis and that
      cycloheximide inhibited one cleavage more than others.

PMID- 4022779
TI  - Nuclease-hypersensitive sites in chromatin of the estrogen-inducible apoVLDL II
      gene of chicken.
AB  - DNAseI-hypersensitive sites were localized in apoVLDL II chromatin from chicken.
      In the liver two sites at 1.75 and 1.0 kb upstream from the cap-site are present
      before the gene is activated. After induction by estradiol a number of additional
      sites appear, three in the promotor region of the gene, one within the coding
      region and two behind the poly-A signal. These sites disappear when the
      expression of the gene is shut off upon estradiol withdrawal. All sites appear to
      be tissue-specific in that they are not found in other tissues of the rooster.
      However, in oviduct of the laying hen we find a hypersensitive site at 1.6 kb in
      front of the gene.

PMID- 4022780
TI  - The C. elegans vitellogenin genes: short sequence repeats in the promoter regions
      and homology to the vertebrate genes.
AB  - The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains a small family of vitellogenin genes
      which is expressed abundantly, but only in the intestine of the adult
      hermaphrodite worm. In order to identify possible regulatory elements, we have
      sequenced the DNA surrounding the 5' ends of five of the six genes. Contained
      within regions which have largely diverged from one another, two different
      heptameric sequences are found repeated within the first 200 bp upstream of each
      of the genes. The first sequence, TGTCAAT, is present as a perfect heptamer at
      least once upstream of each gene. It is repeated in both orientations four to six
      times in each 5' flanking region, allowing a one-base mismatch. The second
      sequence, CTGATAA, is also present as a perfect heptamer in a restricted region
      upstream of each gene. These two sequence elements may be involved in regulation
      of the vitellogenin genes. Remarkably, the CTGATAA sequence is present in a
      similar location in the promoter regions of vertebrate vitellogenin genes. In
      fact, our data reveal a surprising degree of similarity between the nematode and
      vertebrate vitellogenins.

PMID- 4022781
TI  - Structural determination of the ultraviolet light-induced thymine-cytosine
      pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct.
AB  - Ultraviolet light induces damage to DNA, with the majority of the damage
      expressed as the formation of cyclobutane dimers and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4)
      photoproducts. The (6-4) photoproducts have been implicated as important UV light
      induced premutagenic DNA lesions. The most abundant of the (6-4) products is the
      thymine-cytosine pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct, or TC (6-4) product.
      The structure of the TC (6-4) product was deduced by proton NMR, IR, and fast
      atom bombardment mass spectroscopy, and the product was found to differ from the
      previously described photoadduct, Thy(6-4)Pyo, by the presence of an amino group
      at the 5 position of the 5' pyrimidine. The implications of this structure on DNA
      base pairing and the induction of ultraviolet light-induced mutations are
      discussed.

PMID- 4022782
TI  - Prediction of splice junctions in mRNA sequences.
AB  - A general method based on the statistical technique of discriminant analysis is
      developed to distinguish boundaries of coding and non-coding regions in nucleic
      acid sequences. In particular, the method is applied to the prediction of
      splicing sites in messenger RNA precursors. Information used for discrimination
      includes consensus sequence patterns around splice junctions, free energy of
      snRNA and mRNA base pairing, and statistical differences between coding and non
      coding regions such as periodic appearance of specific bases in coding regions
      reflecting the non-random usage of degenerate codons. Given the reading frame of
      an exon (but not the exon/intron boundaries), the method will predict the
      following exon, namely, the intron to be excised out. When applied to human
      sequences in the GenBank database, the method correctly identified 80% of true
      splice junctions.

PMID- 4022783
TI  - A new synthesis of certain 7-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl) and 7-(2-deoxy-beta-D
      ribofuranosyl) derivatives of 3-deazaguanine via the sodium salt glycosylation
      procedure.
AB  - A facile synthesis of 7-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-3-deazaguanine (1) and certain 8
      substituted derivatives of 1 via the sodium salt glycosylation method has been
      developed. Glycosylation of the sodium salt of methyl 2-chloro(or methylthio)
      4(5)-cyanomethylimidazole-5(4)-carboxylate (5 and 13b) with 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D
      ribofuranosyl bromide (6) gave exclusively methyl 2-chloro(or methylthio)-4
      cyanomethyl-1-(2,3, 5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-5-carboxylate
      (7 and 14a), respectively. Ammonolysis of 7 and 14a provided 6-amino-2-chloro(or
      methylthio)-3-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazo-[4,5-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one (11 and 17),
      which on subsequent dehalogenation (or dethiation) gave 1. Similarly, reaction of
      the sodium salt of 5 and 13b with 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-alpha-D
      erythro-pentofuranose (8), and ammonolysis of the glycosylated imidazole
      precursors (9 and 16) gave 6-amino-2-chloro(or methylthio)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D
      erythro-pentofuranosyl) imidazo[4,5-c]-pyridin-4(5H)-one (10a and 15),
      respectively. Dehalogenation of 10a or dethiation of 15 gave 2'-deoxy-7-beta-D
      ribofuranosyl-3-deazaguanine (10b). This procedure provided a direct method of
      obtaining 10b without the contaminating 9-glycosyl isomer 4.

PMID- 4022784
TI  - Two RFLPs identified by a human chromosome #2 clone at 2p15-2p16 (HGM8 assignment
      no. D2S5).

PMID- 4022785
TI  - Effects of age and health on the euthyroid reference ranges for serum free
      thyroxine and free triiodothyronine.
AB  - Age-related trends in serum free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3)
      concentrations were measured in 7248 euthyroid subjects (age-range 3 months to
      106 years). 5700 were patients referred to hospitals for investigation of
      suspected thyroid dysfunction, but who were diagnosed euthyroid. 1548 were
      healthy blood donors (age-range 18-63 years) with no indication of thyroid
      dysfunction. FT4 concentrations were little affected by the age, the sex or the
      state of health of the subjects in either group. Serum FT3 concentrations were
      significantly affected by both age and health factors. The upper limit of the
      euthyroid reference range for young subjects up to 15 years was about 20% higher
      (10.4 pmol/l) than for adult subjects older than 25 years (8.8 pmol/l). The
      change in the upper limits typical of young subjects to that typical of adults
      occurred steadily over the decade 15-25 years. After this age, little further
      change occurred, especially in healthy subjects. Additionally, the lower limit of
      the euthyroid range for FT3 was extended by the inclusion in the reference group
      of patients referred to hospitals. Compared with the lower limit of the FT3 range
      for healthy subjects (5 pmol/l), the corresponding limit for referred subjects
      (young or adult) was 3.5-3.8 pmol/l. Broadening of the FT3 reference range was
      probably brought about by a significant number of patients in the hospital
      referred group with the "low-T3 syndrome" of mild non-thyroidal illness.
      Accordingly, FT3 was inferior to FT4 in the discrimination of hypothyroidism, as
      FT4 was unaffected by this phenomenon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4022786
TI  - [Blood picture changes in rats after 90Y-citrate administration].
AB  - Therapeutic doses of 90Y-citrate show a high selective accumulation in bone. Bone
      marrow is the critical organ. Investigations in rats show a decrease of
      leucocytes, erythrocytes and thrombocytes depending on dose. A significant
      decrease of the leucocytes and thrombocytes was seen with 0.5 mCi (17.5 MBq) 90Y
      per kg bodyweight, with 2.0 mCi (74 MBq) also of the erythrocytes. This would be
      equivalent to a dose of 35 to 140 mCi (1.295 to 5.18 GBq) for a normal patient
      (70 kg). Therefore, a single dose of 10 mCi (370 MBq) of 90Y-citrate should be
      tolerated by a tumor patient without any blood cell depression, if there was no
      prior chemotherapy.

PMID- 4022787
TI  - Change of pharmacokinetic parameters of 131I-hippuran caused by heparin.
AB  - The radiochemical purity of 131I-hippuran determined by radiochromatographic
      analysis using Whatman No 3 MM paper and a mixture of n-butanol, acetic acid and
      water as developer, was 97.3 +/- 1.2%. O-131IB acid and less than 1% of free 131I
      were separated from the preparation. No radioactivity which would correspond to O
      131IB acid was observed on the radiochromatogram when 131I-hippuran was incubated
      with HSA and heparin. Protein binding of 131I-hippuran as a function of
      radiochemical purity, and HSA and heparin concentrations were determined by the
      method of equilibrium dialysis. No effect of radiochemical purity on protein
      binding of 131I-hippuran was observed, the value obtained being 1.3 +/- 0.1%.
      Higher HSA concentrations increased protein binding but decreased retention
      activity on the dialysing membrane. Heparin decreased protein binding of 131I
      hippuran by 47%. The biological half-times of excretion of 131I-hippuran with
      heparin were 4 min for the fast phase and 107 min for the slow phase. The results
      of biodistribution in experimental animals showed increased localization of 131I
      hippuran with heparin in the kidneys and liver during the first 15 min after
      injection.

PMID- 4022788
TI  - Preparation, quality control and application of 99mTc-gluco-ene-diolate for renal
      scanning.
AB  - A one-step freeze-dried Sn-glucose kit was developed to be labelled with
      technetium-99m. TLC, paper chromatography and gel chromatography column scanning
      techniques (GCS) were used for the determination of the labelling yield of the
      complex. High radiochemical purity was obtained (98%). In vivo distribution
      studies were performed in white rats. Maximum uptake in kidneys (28%) was
      achieved in 15-90 min. The blood disappearance curve studies of the labelled
      Sn(II)-gluco-ene-diolate in rabbits have shown two disappearance phases of
      activity from blood with biological half-times of 10 and 150 min for the fast and
      slow component respectively.

PMID- 4022789
TI  - Preparation and biokinetic studies of 99mTc-p-butyl-IDA for hepatobiliary
      scintigraphy.
AB  - A freeze-dried powder of tin-p-butyl-IDA to be labelled with 99mTc for
      hepatobiliary scintigraphy has been developed. Gel chromatography column scanning
      has been applied for evaluating the labeling efficiency of the complex under
      different conditions. The results of organ distribution studies in mice and of
      clinical investigations in human beings showed the stability of the
      radiopharmaceutical. The preparative 99mTc-p-butyl-IDA concentrates moderately
      well in the bile with a rapid blood clearance into hepatocytes, very low
      excretion in the urine and slow clearance into the bile.

PMID- 4022790
TI  - [An attempt at interpreting the linear correlation between the indicators of
      forced expiration: MTT and FEV1% FVC].

PMID- 4022791
TI  - [Effect of verapamil on spirometric parameters during an attack of dyspnea in
      patients with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4022792
TI  - [Effect of verapamil on post-histamine bronchial spasm].

PMID- 4022793
TI  - [Disorders of respiratory function in chronic pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 4022794
TI  - [Pulmonary hypertension in a patient with pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 4022795
TI  - [Serum immunoglobulin changes in patients with mycotic infections treated with
      levamisole].

PMID- 4022796
TI  - [Disaccharidases of gastric mucosa in gastroduodenal ulcer].

PMID- 4022797
TI  - [Theophylline and its derivatives].

PMID- 4022798
TI  - [Effect of 6-month motor rehabilitation on pulmonary ventilation after
      cardiosurgical operations].

PMID- 4022799
TI  - [Hypereosinophilia syndrome or eosinophilic leukemia?].

PMID- 4022800
TI  - [Significance of activation of oncogenes in neoplastic transformation].

PMID- 4022801
TI  - [Mitral leaflet prolapse syndrome; correlation of data obtained by one
      dimensional echocardiographic and angiographic studies].

PMID- 4022802
TI  - [Analysis of selected lithogenic factors in patients with active and non-active
      nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 4022803
TI  - Effect of treatment on streptococcal pharyngitis: is the issue really settled?

PMID- 4022804
TI  - Detection of Giardia lamblia antigen in the feces by
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - The presence of Giardia lamblia antigen in stools of symptomatic and asymptomatic
      giardiasis patients was studied by counterimmunoelectrophoresis using anti-G.
      lamblia (Portland strain I) trophozoite antibodies. This test could detect
      antigen in feces of 94% of giardiasis patients. However, it failed to
      differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic Giardia infection. There were
      no false-positive results in children with other diseases. Antigen in the stools
      disappeared within 1 to 2 weeks after eradication of infection with specific
      treatment. The overall sensitivity of this test in detecting G. lamblia antigen
      in stool was 94%, and the specificity was 95%.

PMID- 4022805
TI  - Brain abscesses in infants and children.

PMID- 4022806
TI  - Central nervous system nocardiosis associated with a traumatic polymicrobial
      brain abscess.

PMID- 4022807
TI  - Contagiousness of zoster in a day care setting.

PMID- 4022808
TI  - Acute fulminant toxic encephalopathy associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
      infection.

PMID- 4022809
TI  - Congenital bacteremia due to Capnocytophaga.

PMID- 4022810
TI  - Isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis in a young adolescent.

PMID- 4022811
TI  - Neisseria gonorrhoeae ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in a child.

PMID- 4022812
TI  - Hepatitis B risk from infectious discarded syringes.

PMID- 4022813
TI  - UVR-sensitive and UVR-resistant antigen-presenting cells.

PMID- 4022814
TI  - Miniature swine as an animal model in photodermatology: factors influencing
      sunburn cell formation.
AB  - Swine have played an important role as animal models in dermatological research.
      In order to evaluate the usefulness of pig skin in photodermatology, sunburn cell
      (SBC) formation in the epidermis of miniature swine and erythema production were
      studied. SBCs were readily formed in the epidermis of the swine by ultraviolet
      radiation. Suberythemal doses of broad-band UVB radiation were effective in
      producing SBCs, and there was a dose-response relationship between SBC formation
      and ultraviolet radiation. When SBC formation was related to ultraviolet
      radiation in terms of biological dose (i.e. minimal erythema dose) neither the
      spectral characteristics of the sources nor the degree of pigmentation in the
      skin affected the response. When SBC formation was related to physical dose
      (J/m2) the protection value of tanning was evident. These results, when coupled
      with the morphological and physiological similarities between human and porcine
      skin, demonstrate the usefulness of this animal model in photodermatology.

PMID- 4022815
TI  - Photoactivation of hyaluronidase by chlorpromazine.
AB  - The effects of UVA and chlorpromazine on the activity of hyaluronidase were
      investigated. Hyaluronidase was slightly activated by UVA alone. It was also
      activated by chlorpromazine, but the activation was enhanced by concomitant UVA
      irradiation. By pre-irradiation of chlorpromazine, it was found that a stable
      photoproduct of chlorpromazine was formed that activated hyaluronidase. As
      activation of hyaluronidase has been described in relation to tissue
      inflammation, the onset of chlorpromazine-induced photosensitivity may, in part,
      be related to the hyaluronidase activating effect of chlorpromazine plus UVA.

PMID- 4022816
TI  - Pre-PUVA UVA desensitization for solar urticaria.

PMID- 4022817
TI  - Photosensitive erythema multiforme apparently induced by phenylbutazone.

PMID- 4022818
TI  - Ocular findings in 340 long-term treated PUVA patients.

PMID- 4022819
TI  - Prenatal exclusion of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-D) by amniotic cell analysis.

PMID- 4022820
TI  - Human cell transfection with skin cancer DNAs.
AB  - Spectacular progress towards understanding the molecular changes in DNA of many
      human tumors has been gained using NIH 3T3s as cellular recipients of
      transfecting DNA (1). Similar advances in analyzing human skin cancers have not
      been possible, as DNAs of most skin cancers or skin cancer cell lines--including
      most malignant melanomas--do not transform 3T3s (2). We have developed a DNA
      transfection system using human cells as recipients (3): normal human cells are
      transformed to anchorage-independent growth by transfection with a variety of
      skin cancer DNAs. This method may allow identification of the genes and specific
      sequences altered in sunlight-induced human skin cancers.

PMID- 4022821
TI  - Neuropsychology and behavior therapy.

PMID- 4022822
TI  - On the nature and measurement of agoraphobia.

PMID- 4022823
TI  - Behavior therapy and fire emergencies: conceptualization, assessment, and
      intervention.

PMID- 4022824
TI  - Behavioral pediatrics: research, treatment, recommendations.

PMID- 4022825
TI  - Progress in parent training.

PMID- 4022826
TI  - Symposium on self-destructive behavior.

PMID- 4022827
TI  - Suicide. A multidetermined act.
AB  - The act of suicide is usually multidetermined and involves individual, social,
      and psychiatric factors. This article presents case reports of a series of 13
      manic-depressive patients who committed suicide.

PMID- 4022828
TI  - [Sedimentation leukapheresis in the treatment of resistant forms of lymphocytic
      leukemia].

PMID- 4022829
TI  - [Early diagnosis of an abdominal form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children].

PMID- 4022830
TI  - [Changes in the lungs and mediastinum in Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 4022832
TI  - [On the subject of medical philosophy: what is medicine today?].

PMID- 4022831
TI  - [Malignant transformation of chondroblastoma--a case report].

PMID- 4022833
TI  - [Usefulness of determining closing volume for evaluation of the functional state
      of the peripheral respiratory system in patients with chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 4022834
TI  - [Functional evaluation of respiration before and after dialysis in patients with
      chronic uremia].

PMID- 4022835
TI  - [Primary pulmonary hypertension with symptoms of portal hypertension].

PMID- 4022836
TI  - Changes in atrial biopsies in chronic rheumatic heart disease. I: Cellulo
      vascular and mesenchymal reaction.
AB  - The cellular, vascular and connective tissue changes were studied in 32 atrial
      biopsy specimens from patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD). 15 of
      these 32 specimens showed some inflammatory reaction, 7 with small mononuclear
      cells only and 8 with macrophage reaction amidst increased but necrotic collagen,
      especially in the subepicardial and subendocardial regions. Most cellulonecrotic
      foci were histologically consistent with a stage of Aschoff nodule. Acid
      phosphatase activity in frozen sections was seen in the cytoplasm of the
      macrophages. Fine structural examination showed membrane-bound vacuoles and
      lipofuscin bodies rather than ingested material in the macrophages. By light and
      electronmicroscopy, these macrophages were not different from those encountered
      in other granulomatous or necrotic conditions. There was moderate proliferation
      of blood vessels, with prominence of endothelial cells and pinocytotic vesicles,
      or fibrosis of media, or proliferation of basal laminae. The presence of Aschoff
      nodules in the right atrium, the least affected chamber in RHD, suggests a
      diffuse and smouldering pathology on the basis of a persistent subclinical cell
      mediated immune (CMI) reaction.

PMID- 4022837
TI  - Changes in atrial biopsies in chronic rheumatic heart disease. II: Muscle fibre
      reaction.
AB  - Myocardial fibres were studied in the right atrial biopsies from 32 patients with
      chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Paraffin and, particularly, araldite
      sections showed many muscle fibres well preserved, and others with large
      hyperchromatic nuclei, or with depleted myofibrils and increased mitochondria.
      With the SDH and ATPase reactions, there was no type difference in the myocardial
      fibres, and the former showed the reaction predominantly in the centre while the
      latter showed it mainly at the periphery of the fibres. At electronmicroscopy,
      fibres with intact myofibrils were found close to "degenerating" fibres with
      variable degrees of myofibrillar and myofilament disorganisation and loss,
      mitochondrial proliferation, occasionally with degeneration of cristae, and
      accumulation of lipofuscin in varying amounts, and irregularly tortuous or
      loosened intercellular junctions. This study has revealed more severe muscle
      changes than expected, even in the clinically less affected right atrial chamber
      in chronic RHD. It is speculated that this might be due to subclinical
      involvement of the tricuspid valve, known to be frequent in Indian patients, and
      the resulting "back pressure" on the right atrium might lead to changes in its
      myofibres.

PMID- 4022838
TI  - Ultrastructural changes of the human pancreas in acute shock.
AB  - Human pancreas tissue was studied electron microscopically during various stages
      of shock. The subcellular changes of exocrine pancreas affect in particular
      endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, cytoplasm, and nuclei. Alterations
      correlate with duration and severity of shock, causing cell death in prolonged or
      severe manifestations of shock. This is obviously due to release of enzymes from
      zymogen granules; the ensuing damage cannot be distinguished from autodigestive
      pancreatitis. Lesions of exocrine pancreas cells are of multifactorial origin,
      arising from general shock-induced hypoxia, but also from local ischemia due to
      disturbed microcirculation provoking intravasal coagulation. Beyond these main
      causes, intracellular disorders of metabolism, obstruction of lymph drainage, and
      nervous factors may be of influence. As the cases surveyed in this paper had no
      fatal outcome - except for one patient - the changes described can be defined as
      non-lethal or as reversible.

PMID- 4022839
TI  - Nevus cells in axillary lymph nodes from radical mastectomy specimens.
AB  - From 1977 to 1983, 44 cases with nevus cells in the capsule and trabeculae of
      axillary lymph node specimens from about 7000 mastectomies performed for primary
      breast cancer were found. This finding was therefore less than 1%. In 3 cases,
      the nevus cells were present in 2 nodes, whereas in 41 cases solitary nodes were
      involved. In 13 cases, nevus cells were present in nodes that also contained
      metastatic carcinoma. Silver impregnation of reticulin fibers is very useful for
      the differential diagnosis of nodal metastases of breast carcinoma.

PMID- 4022840
TI  - Nuclear chromatin condensation of mouse lymphoma (L-1210) cells by
      methylnitrosourea. An electron microscopic and biochemical study.
AB  - When the mouse lymphoma (L-1210) cells are treated with methylnitrosourea (MNU)
      at 37 degrees C for 30 min and then cultured for 4 h in a normal medium nuclear
      structure and functions of the cells are changed. We have investigated the
      mechanism as to how nuclear structure and functions are changed by MNU. In MNU
      treated cells euchromatin area diminishes and chromatin condensation occurs.
      [3H]thymidine and [3H]uridine uptakes of the MNU-treated cells decrease. In
      contrast, when the MNU-treated cells are cultured in the presence of 3
      aminobenzamide, a specific inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase changes of
      nuclear structure do not appear. [3H]Thymidine and [3H]uridine uptakes are
      partially and almost completely recovered, respectively. Autoradiographs of the
      cells labelled with [3H]NAD, a substrate of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase show that
      silver grains due to [3H]ADP-ribose are densely located only in the cells where
      chromatin condensation occurs. Chromatin-bound proteins of molecular masses 20-25
      X 10(3) daltons are specifically poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated in the MNU-treated cells.
      These results suggest that MNU-induced chromatin condensation is caused by
      poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of chromatinbound proteins.

PMID- 4022841
TI  - Ischemic injury of the human pancreas. Its basic patterns correlated with the
      pancreatic microvasculature.
AB  - Based on the concept of the "primary lobule" as the microcirculatory unit of
      human pancreas that we previously established (Yaginuma et al., submitted to Path
      Res Pract), ischemic injuries of this organ were microscopically screened over
      many autopsy cases and were classified according to the zone of the unit
      involved. The primary lobule was defined as a small parenchymal region, supplied
      by a centrally placed arteriole and drained by flanking venules, often with an
      islet at the center because of its close relation with arteriole. The screening
      disclosed twenty out of 221 autopsy cases to be harboring some ischemic injury.
      In a 3-D reconstruction study performed on these pancreases to correlate the
      injured areas with performed architecture, three types of injuries were
      established as comprising different categories; 1) peripheral and 2) central
      necroses, both presenting as multiple small foci, the distribution of which in
      the former exactly coinciding with the central, and that in the latter with the
      peripheral zone of primary lobules, and 3) peripheral atrophy, uniformly
      affecting the peripheral acini. The first type tended to coexist with malignant
      hypertension, the second type was mostly found in shock cases and the third type
      exclusively in those with congestive heart failure. The pathogenesis of
      peripheral and central necroses was explained by a working hypothesis that
      correlates these categories with different impediments of microcirculation,
      assuming that in the former, blood flow was severely impeded by constriction of
      relatively proximal arteries, while in the latter, sporadic occlusion at terminal
      arterioles was responsible for peripheral ischemia.

PMID- 4022842
TI  - Pulmonary polymorphic centroblastic type malignant lymphoma in a patient with
      lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Sjogren syndrome and other manifestations of a
      dysimmune state.
AB  - A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis arising in a patient with a long history of
      dysimmunity is reported. The autopsy reviewed the final evolution into a high
      grade malignant lymphoma with IgM K immunoglobulin production and discovered in
      deep lymph nodes modifications similar to angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 4022843
TI  - A case of renal cell carcinoma solitarily metastasized to thyroid 20 years after
      the resection of primary tumor.
AB  - A case of renal cell carcinoma in a 69-year-old woman is reported. The woman
      developed a thyroid tumor recently. She has a history of nephrectomy done 20
      years ago for a renal cell carcinoma. Based on the close resemblances of the
      histological features and cell nuclear DNA distributions of both tumors, the
      thyroid tumor was diagnosed as the secondary tumor from the renal cell carcinoma.
      In the review of the literature, this case of renal cell carcinoma seems to be
      that with the longest interval of years before solitary metastasis to the
      thyroid.

PMID- 4022845
TI  - Purveyors of cost-containment, beware. The buck stops here.

PMID- 4022844
TI  - Food, mind, and mood. Hyperactivity revisited.

PMID- 4022846
TI  - Evaluation of the patient with leg edema.
AB  - Leg edema is a common and challenging problem. The possible causes are numerous
      and are not limited to the vascular system. Bilateral swelling is usually a
      manifestation of systemic disorder, whereas unilateral swelling has many possible
      causes, the most common of which is chronic venous insufficiency. By means of the
      basic history and physical examination, a differential diagnosis can usually be
      established without extensive use of expensive diagnostic testing.

PMID- 4022847
TI  - Evaluation of the patient with intermittent claudication.
AB  - The most common cause of intermittent claudication is atherosclerotic occlusive
      arterial disease. Differentiation of the common musculoskeletal and neurologic
      conditions that may mimic intermittent claudication is often possible with a
      careful history, but when insufficient detail is provided or multiple conditions
      exist, the findings on physical examination and noninvasive studies are useful.
      While physical examination provides a rough estimate of the degree of ischemia,
      assessment of functional impairment produced by occlusive arterial disease is
      best made with noninvasive studies before and after standard exercise.
      Arteriography is reserved for the patient for whom restoration of pulsatile flow
      is planned.

PMID- 4022848
TI  - Evaluation of the patient with Raynaud's phenomenon.
AB  - Idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon (Raynaud's disease) is very common among young
      women. A thorough history and physical examination are the keys to determining
      the extent of a diagnostic workup. In an otherwise normal and asymptomatic young
      woman with vasospastic attacks involving symmetric aspects of the digits, a CBC,
      urinalysis, chest film, and ESR are recommended as a cost-effective workup. If
      these studies are negative, the disease is probably benign. A history or physical
      findings consistent with collagen vascular disease, obstructive arterial disease,
      or carpal tunnel or thoracic outlet syndrome should lead to selected diagnostic
      tests. Men, persons with onset of vasospastic attacks after age 40, and those
      with severe disease or trophic changes of the digits deserve a more comprehensive
      workup to screen for underlying causes.

PMID- 4022849
TI  - Self-care. How to help patients share responsibility for their health.

PMID- 4022850
TI  - The family physician as psychotherapist.

PMID- 4022851
TI  - Aplastic anemia as complication of viral hepatitis.

PMID- 4022852
TI  - Legionella causing rhabdomyolysis and renal failure.

PMID- 4022853
TI  - Preparticipation evaluation of the adolescent athlete. Timing and content of the
      examination.
AB  - The aim of the preparticipation physical examination should be not only to
      uncover disqualifying conditions but also to screen for conditions that
      predispose to injury, to assess physical maturation, to determine physical
      fitness, and to educate the potential athlete regarding injury prevention and
      proper nutrition. By practicing these techniques, the physician can facilitate
      safe and healthful participation in organized sports by children and adolescents.

PMID- 4022854
TI  - Hyperventilation syndrome. Bridging the behavioral-organic gap.
AB  - Hyperventilation syndrome is frustrating to patient and physician alike. This
      common condition can be managed successfully if the primary care physician
      understands the pathophysiology of symptoms and takes a persistent, supportive
      approach to the patient. Invasive testing and psychiatric referral are less
      effective and more costly than an ongoing relationship with a primary care
      physician. Positive results are most likely to derive from frequent office visits
      marked by reassurance and repetition of instructions on how to cope with anxiety
      and its attendant symptoms.

PMID- 4022855
TI  - How to manage patient death and care for the bereaved.

PMID- 4022856
TI  - Smoking--the doctor's opportunity.

PMID- 4022857
TI  - Smoking and myocardial infarction: secondary prevention.
AB  - This prospective study examines the question 'Is it too late to stop smoking
      cigarettes once you have had a myocardial infarction?' One hundred and nineteen
      cigarette smokers (90 men, 29 women) who survived their first myocardial
      infarction for one month were followed for five years or until their death if
      earlier. The age corrected mortality rate of men who continued to smoke
      cigarettes was 2.2 times the age corrected mortality rate of those who stopped
      smoking after their infarct. The women who continued to smoke had 2.4 times the
      age corrected mortality of those who stopped smoking. The age and sex corrected
      mortality rates for the combined group of men and women show that those who
      stopped smoking after their infarction have 55% of the mortality of those who
      continued to smoke (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that smoking is not
      merely a 'risk factor' for myocardial infarction but is also a causal factor
      whose effects can be avoided by both men and women after an initial myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 4022858
TI  - Pacemaker discomfort induced by the wearing of seat belts.
AB  - A survey was made of 100 consecutive pacemaker recipients to examine problems
      they may have experienced with seat belts whilst travelling by car, either as
      drivers (29 patients) or front seat passengers (50 patients). Twenty-one per cent
      of the drivers and 30% of the front seat passengers had experienced symptoms,
      usually of a mild nature. Re-siting of the generator was only necessary in 1
      patient and no example of electrode displacement was observed. Suggestions are
      made as to how this problem might be overcome.

PMID- 4022859
TI  - Relationships between radiological and biochemical evidence of rickets in Asian
      schoolchildren.
AB  - One hundred Asian schoolchildren provided evidence of the relationships between
      radiological and biochemical evidence of rickets in a vitamin D-deficient
      population. In a retrospective study of the X-rays of 56 children the variables
      serum alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and age provided a discriminant
      function which correctly classified 10 of 11 children with radiological evidence
      of rickets and 44 of 45 children with negative or marginally abnormal X-rays.
      When the discriminant function was applied to a prospective study of 44 children,
      three children with radiological evidence of rickets were correctly classified
      together with 38 of the remaining 41 children with negative or marginally
      abnormal X-rays. Serum alkaline phosphatase was the most important variable in
      the discriminant analysis, followed by serum inorganic phosphorus and age. Low
      levels of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) are of little value in predicting
      the severity of radiological evidence of rachitic bone disease in a vitamin D
      deficient population.

PMID- 4022860
TI  - Stones in the common bile duct: experience with medical dissolution therapy.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with radiolucent common bile duct stones received medical
      treatment. Nineteen had Rowachol, a terpene preparation, eight (42%) achieving
      complete stone disappearance within 3 to 48 months. Fifteen (including 3 of the
      above) took Rowachol with bile acid (chenodeoxycholic in 11, ursodeoxycholic in
      4) for 3 to 60 months: 11 (73%) achieved complete dissolution within 18 months.
      Persistent symptoms and complications settled on conservative management: 8 (25%)
      patients required admission (2 biliary colic, 1 obstructive jaundice, 4
      cholangitis, 1 pancreatitis). One patient died of a myocardial infarction during
      recovery from pancreatitis; the other continued treatment, 2 achieving complete
      dissolution/disappearance. Oral dissolution therapy with Rowachol and bile acids
      should be considered when endoscopic sphincterotomy or surgery is not feasible,
      but careful attention to potential complications is required while stones
      persist.

PMID- 4022861
TI  - Requests for hypnotic drugs and placebo response in elderly hospital in-patients.
AB  - Requests for night sedation and the use of placebo as first line drug management
      were studied prospectively in 1174 consecutive elderly hospital in-patients. Of
      the 390 (33.2%) patients requesting sleeping pills in hospital, 37 were
      subsequently satisfied without the prescription of additional medication. A
      further 216 patients were entirely satisfied with a placebo capsule during all of
      their hospital stay. An 'active' hypnotic drug was required by only 137 patients,
      many of whom were noisy and disturbing other patients in the ward. Most of the
      active hypnotic drugs prescribed to elderly hospital patients are unnecessary and
      a majority of those requesting hypnotics consistently respond to placebo. There
      remains a need for greater education of patients, nurses and doctors in the non
      pharmacological management of sleep disorders.

PMID- 4022862
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the Infrasonde D4000 blood pressure monitor.
AB  - Choosing a blood pressure machine from their ever increasing number is often
      difficult due to lack of performance data. We have evaluated a new automated non
      invasive blood pressure recorder, the Infrasonde D4000. In comparison with the
      Hawksley random zero mercury sphygmomanometer the Infrasonde showed less
      variability for both systolic and diastolic readings. However, it was found to
      record significantly lower mean systolic and diastolic pressures.

PMID- 4022863
TI  - Cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with catatonia.
AB  - A 13 year old girl with catatonia resulting from cerebral lupus is described. She
      had concurrent minor epileptic status, but abolition of her seizure activity
      failed to influence her catatonic state. She recovered after treatment with
      corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. Cerebral lupus should be considered
      in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with catatonia.

PMID- 4022864
TI  - Atrial myxoma presenting with cerebral haemorrhage.
AB  - Emboli from left atrial myxomas are a recognized cause of cerebral ischaemia. The
      myxomatous embolus may infiltrate the cerebral arterial wall, resulting in
      aneurysmal dilatation with a risk of rupture. Myxoma-associated cerebral
      haemorrhage has been described in patients with progressive neurological
      dysfunction. We report a new presentation. Our patient, a previously healthy 20
      year old girl, developed acute intracerebral haemorrhage for which craniotomy was
      performed. Histology of evacuated haematoma revealed an intravascular fragment of
      myxoma. Echocardiography demonstrated a left atrial myxoma which later was
      uneventfully excised. Early diagnosis of embolic cardiac myxoma requires
      awareness of the diversity of clinical manifestations, and careful histological
      analysis of surgical specimens.

PMID- 4022865
TI  - Ocular flutter in suspected multiple sclerosis: a presenting paroxysmal
      manifestation.
AB  - A patient with suspected multiple sclerosis is described who presented with
      attacks of blurring of vision and ocular flutter. This has not previously been
      reported as an isolated paroxysmal manifestation of brain stem demyelination. As
      with other paroxysmal disturbances ocular flutter may present as the first sign
      of the disease.

PMID- 4022866
TI  - Severe oesophageal injury caused by Steradent.
AB  - An elderly woman swallowed 2 tablets of a denture-cleansing agent (Steradent)
      believing them to be her sleeping tablets. This caused severe burning pain in the
      throat and resulted in a tight postcricoid oesophageal stricture. Treatment by
      repeated dilatation of the stricture has been only partially successful.
      Characteristic containers for non-medicinal tablets might help those with poor
      vision, and medicinal and non-medicinal tablets should never be stored in the
      same place.

PMID- 4022867
TI  - Tuberculosis of the thyroid gland associated with thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - Tuberculosis of the thyroid gland is rare. A case of tuberculosis of the thyroid
      gland associated with thyrotoxicosis is reported.

PMID- 4022868
TI  - Endomyocardial complications of the Churg-Strauss syndrome.
AB  - Although many similarities exist between the Churg-Strauss syndrome and the
      hypereosinophilic syndrome, these two disorders have hitherto been characterized
      by different types of cardiac disease. Two cases of the Churg-Strauss syndrome
      are described where the typical endomyocardial lesion of the hypereosinophilic
      syndrome dominated the clinical picture.

PMID- 4022869
TI  - Disseminated aspergillosis following radiation therapy for medulloblastoma.
AB  - A 16 year old girl who underwent surgery and radiotherapy for medulloblastoma is
      described. Shortly following the completion of treatment symptoms developed
      suggestive of tumour recurrence. At post mortem the cause was identified as
      disseminated aspergillosis with extensive cerebral involvement. The importance of
      this unusual complication is discussed.

PMID- 4022870
TI  - Oncogenic osteomalacia: strange tumours in strange places.
AB  - Two patients presented with hypophosphataemic osteomalacia and were subsequently
      found to have small tumours unusual histopathology and location causing the
      osteomalacia. Each tumour was found after an intensive search for occult masses.
      Studies of vitamin D metabolism and renal tubular function before and after
      surgery yielded further insight into the pathophysiology of oncogenic
      osteomalacia. These cases demonstrate that microscopic quantities of tumour are
      capable of causing the syndrome and further illustrate the high index of
      suspicion often necessary to locate causative tumours in patients with
      hypophosphataemic osteomalacia.

PMID- 4022871
TI  - Gonadal damage due to radioactive iodine (I131) treatment for thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is the most common type of thyroid cancer and
      is associated with a good prognosis. Complications of treatment with surgery and
      radioiodine are uncommon. We report the case of a 13 year old boy who developed
      testicular damage following treatment with radioactive iodine 350 mCi for a
      papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Four years after radioiodine treatment there
      has been no suggestion of recovery of spermatogenesis. Detailed follow-up studies
      of similarly treated young patients are required to define the incidence of this
      complication and to determine its reversibility.

PMID- 4022872
TI  - Drug and non-thyroid induced changes in thyroid function tests.

PMID- 4022873
TI  - The prolonged QT interval--a frequently unrecognized abnormality.

PMID- 4022874
TI  - Increased plasma triglycerides, cholesterol and apolipoprotein E during prolonged
      fasting in normal subjects.
AB  - Plasma lipid and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were studied in 20 normal,
      healthy, non-obese males while fasting (150 kcal/d with free intake of water) for
      6 d in a hunger strike. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were increased
      by 18% after 6 d of fasting. HDL-cholesterol concentration was not significantly
      changed for 4 d, but decreased by 22% after 6 d. Platelet aggregation induced by
      adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or collagen after 6 d of fasting was in the normal
      range. In 3 subjects fasted for 9 d, a complete plasma lipoprotein analysis was
      done. Very low and low density lipoprotein (VLDL and LDL) levels were elevated,
      whereas HDL was reduced after 9 d of fasting. On isoelectric focusing analysis, a
      marked reduction in apolipoprotein (apo) E concentration in both VLDL and HDL was
      noted. Liver function tests showed a reduction in hepatic enzyme activity; and
      since apo E is of hepatic origin also, we suggest that long fasting inhibits
      liver function in normal subjects.

PMID- 4022875
TI  - Low molecular weight measles immunoglobulin M in subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis and acute measles.
AB  - Thirty eight patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were
      investigated. Five patients who previously had measles immunoglobulin M (IgM)
      detected in unfractionated serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had measles IgM
      exclusively in the low molecular weight (LMW) fractions of serum and CSF. Measles
      IgM had previously not been found in unfractionated serum from 33 patients but
      was detected exclusively in the LMW fractions of serum from 30 patients. Seven
      children with acute measles had the expected high molecular weight (HMW) measles
      IgM in serum but 5 also had LMW measles IgM. Four young adults who had had
      measles in childhood had neither HMW nor LMW measles IgM in their sera.

PMID- 4022876
TI  - Chronic dyspepsia pain in general practice--its causes and diagnosis.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients who had consulted their general practitioner
      because of upper abdominal pain related to eating, were investigated after
      initial interviews by the general practitioner, a medical registrar and the same
      consultant physician. Thirty seven had active upper gastrointestinal or biliary
      tract diseases, including 29 with peptic ulcers. The general practitioner and
      consultant correctly distinguished between organic and non-organic dyspepsia
      (NOD) in 51 and 65 cases respectively. Although the sensitivity of the general
      practitioner diagnosis of organic disease was high (95%), the specificity (23%)
      and predictive value (42%) were low. There were fewer organic diagnoses amongst
      the patients under the age of 30 (P less than 0.05) and those with symptoms for
      less than 3 months (P less than 0.01). No patient under 30 with symptoms for less
      than 3 months had organic dyspepsia. We suggest that if dyspeptic patients over
      the age of 30 and those under 30 with symptoms for longer than 3 months are
      investigated, about one-third will be found to have organic diseases.

PMID- 4022877
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia precipitated by sodium iothalamate (Conray 420) injection
      during prenylamine treatment: a predictable adverse drug interaction.
AB  - A case of ventricular tachycardia occurring after intravenous injection of sodium
      iothalamate (Conray 420) into a patient taking prenylamine is described. Both of
      these drugs may cause prolongation of the corrected QT interval and the
      mechanisms of this potentially fatal drug interaction are discussed.

PMID- 4022878
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias complicating weight reduction therapy in a patient with a
      prolonged QT interval.
AB  - Serious ventricular arrhythmias are known to occur in patients with long QT
      intervals. We describe a case of torsade de pointes occurring in a patient with a
      prolonged QT interval while taking a 1000 calorie diet, diethylpropion
      hydrochloride (Tenuate Dospan) and bendrofluazide. In patients with long QT
      intervals, hypokalaemia and drugs which further delay repolarization may
      facilitate the development of life threatening arrhythmias.

PMID- 4022879
TI  - Painful dysphagia in a case of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenopathy.
AB  - A patient with mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenopathy is described. Presentation
      was with rapid onset of painful dysphagia following trauma to the neck. Early
      diagnosis was achieved by mediastinoscopy.

PMID- 4022880
TI  - Adrenal insufficiency and bilateral adrenal enlargement: demonstration by
      computed tomography.
AB  - A patient presented with fever, malaise and a staphylococcal wound infection
      occurring 3 weeks after severe haemorrhage from a lacerated brachial artery.
      There were no clinical features to suggest Addison's disease but abdominal
      computed tomography to exclude abdominal sepsis showed bilateral adrenal gland
      enlargement with preservation of adrenal shape. This was consistent with
      resolving adrenal haemorrhage or infarction and endocrinological investigations
      confirmed primary adrenal failure.

PMID- 4022881
TI  - Familial bilateral multiple fibroadenomas of the breast.
AB  - This paper describes multiple breast fibroadenomas in three siblings. It appears
      that the familial disorder seen is associated with bilateral multiple
      fibroadenomas.

PMID- 4022882
TI  - Female type cystic hyperplasia in a male breast.
AB  - A 28 year old man had a swelling of the right breast. He was phenotypically and
      karyotypically a normal male. Microscopic examination of the excised specimen
      showed the pattern of cystic hyperplasia identical to that commonly seen in the
      female breast. Numerous cysts were grouped in a lobular pattern and their lining
      showed apocrine metaplasia. There was extensive background fibrosis, some mammary
      duct ectasia and some features consistent with the more classical microscopic
      appearances of gynaecomastia. Whilst some of the features noted above are
      sometimes seen in gynaecomastia the presence of the full range of the features of
      cystic hyperplasia is distinctly unusual in the male.

PMID- 4022883
TI  - Trigeminal trophic syndrome.
AB  - Two cases of ulceration of the face following surgical sensory denervation are
      described. Both patients presented to a geriatric unit because of problems
      associated with mental impairment. There are relatively few reports of similar
      ulcers. A review of the literature suggests that mental impairment is an
      important aetiological factor.

PMID- 4022884
TI  - Placental chorioangiomatosis--a high risk pregnancy.
AB  - A case of diffuse chorioangiomatosis leading to fetal hydrops, disseminated
      intravascular coagulopathy with massive umbilical vein thrombosis and fetal death
      is described. Although rare, this benign mesenchymatous malformation of the
      placenta should be kept in mind as a possible cause of neonatal morbidity.
      Prenatal diagnosis could prevent fetal death.

PMID- 4022885
TI  - Ergotamine abuse and extra-hepatic portal hypertension.
AB  - Arterial complications following ergotamine therapy have been well recognized
      since the beginning of this century. Venous complications, however, have only
      rarely been reported. A 48 year old Nigerian woman developed extra-hepatic portal
      hypertension coincident with a chronic overdosage of ergotamine. The literature
      elucidating the possible mechanisms involved is reviewed.

PMID- 4022886
TI  - Reversible renal failure due to psychogenic urinary retention.
AB  - A case of advanced, reversible renal failure due to psychogenic urinary retention
      occurring in a 17 year old female, is reported. The diagnosis of psychogenic
      urinary retention was made on the basis of existent florid psychopathology and
      the concomitant exclusion of an organic cause. Family psychodynamics are
      discussed. Psychosocial intervention led to a resumption of normal micturition,
      the disappearance of the urinary retention with resultant improvement of renal
      function.

PMID- 4022887
TI  - Gallstone perforation of the ileum without obstruction.

PMID- 4022888
TI  - Failure of acetazolamide to prevent acute mountain sickness.

PMID- 4022889
TI  - Lowered ultraviolet minimal erythema dose in hemiplegia.
AB  - In view of recent reports of increased tanning in hemiplegic limbs, we have
      investigated ultraviolet (u.v.) minimal erythema dose (MED) in hemiplegia using
      the bilateral comparison technique. Seven of 10 patients had a lower MED in the
      hemiplegic arm compared to the normal side, the mean reduction being 16% (range 0
      33%, P = 0.003). No patients had a higher MED in the hemiplegic arm. We review
      the literature regarding other non-neurological features of hemiplegia, in
      particular asymmetry of temperature, oedema, and finger clubbing, and we propose
      a vasomotor or trophic aetiology for these findings.

PMID- 4022890
TI  - Subconjunctival haemorrhage: a feature of acute severe asthma.
AB  - Bilateral subconjunctival haemorrhage was observed on 5 separate occasions in 4
      patients presenting a fulminant form of acute severe asthma. Four of these
      episodes required ventilatory support. All patients recovered from their asthma
      attack after treatment with bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and oxygen. The
      incidence of this previously unreported finding represents 5% of the total number
      of patients with acute severe asthma mechanically ventilated in our intensive
      care unit from 1976.

PMID- 4022891
TI  - Nonspecific small bowel ulceration.
AB  - Six patients (4 male, 2 female) developed nonspecific small bowel ulceration
      between the ages of 4 months and 76 y. Five had gastrointestinal haemorrhage,
      usually chronic and resulting in iron deficiency anaemia. Four had features of
      subacute intestinal obstruction; there were no perforations. A small bowel enema
      was the most useful single investigation for delineating the lesions, and
      surgical excision was curative in all but one case. No aetiological causes could
      be implicated, other than in one patient taking a daily tablet of Navidrex-K.

PMID- 4022893
TI  - Reversible coma in Wernicke's encephalopathy.
AB  - A case of coma due to Wernicke's encephalopathy complicated by respiratory
      failure is described. Ventilation and thiamine administration lead to recovery,
      although Korsakoff's psychosis and ataxia persisted. A review of similar cases of
      coma emphasizes the absence of diagnostic features, but that if structural
      disease is excluded the presence of pupillary and ocular signs may support a
      diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy. The response to thiamine may be
      diagnostic as in 8 of these patients who received it, but the long-term morbidity
      remains high.

PMID- 4022892
TI  - Serum creatine kinase after intramuscular injections.
AB  - Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured after intramuscular injections
      in 44 patients hospitalized for non-cardiac reasons. The drugs injected were:
      diazepam, dipyrone, metoclopramide, meperidine, pentazocine and procaine
      penicillin. Only 3 out of 44 patients (7%) demonstrated significant elevation of
      CK levels following the intramuscular injections. In these 3 patients the
      elevation was mainly due to a rise of the MM-isoenzyme fraction with MB levels
      increased in one patient. These findings do not justify the common clinical
      notion of regarding intramuscular injections as a frequent cause of serum CK
      elevation. It is concluded that high CK serum values in a patient with chest pain
      should always be considered with utmost suspicion, disregarding the possible
      effects of a previous intramuscular injection.

PMID- 4022894
TI  - Disordered oesophageal motility in thyrotoxic myopathy.
AB  - Dysphagia is an uncommon feature of thyrotoxic myopathy, and is usually
      associated with other signs of bulbar weakness, such as dysarthria and nasal
      regurgitation. We report a case of thyrotoxicosis presenting with dysphagia due
      to diminished oesophageal motility associated with significant hypercalcaemia;
      both abnormalities resolved rapidly following treatment.

PMID- 4022895
TI  - Avulsion of the anterior superior iliac spine complicating bone biopsy.
AB  - We present a case report of avulsion of the anterior superior spine following a
      transiliac crest biopsy, a previously unreported occurrence.

PMID- 4022896
TI  - Post partum presentation of hypercalcaemic sarcoidosis.
AB  - A number of corticosteroid responsive diseases have been shown to undergo
      exacerbation in the puerperium. The presentation of a woman 8 weeks after
      delivery with severe hypercalcaemia, a highly steroid sensitive feature of
      sarcoidosis, adds to the evidence that sarcoidosis can also be numbered amongst
      such diseases with relapse in the puerperium.

PMID- 4022897
TI  - Sudden death due to isolated adrenal tuberculosis.
AB  - A 65 year old man admitted to hospital for investigation of pleural thickening
      was found to have carcinoma of the prostate with metastases. Before
      investigations were completed the patient collapsed unexpectedly with
      hypotension. A post mortem examination revealed tuberculosis of both adrenal
      glands without evidence of tuberculosis in any other organ.

PMID- 4022898
TI  - Addison's disease due to metastases to the adrenal glands.
AB  - A 43 year old patient with Addison's disease secondary to extensive metastases to
      both adrenal glands is presented. Thirty two previously reported cases are
      reviewed; in only 13 cases was the diagnosis of Addison's disease confirmed
      biochemically. Reasons for the apparent rarity of Addison's disease in spite of
      the frequency of adrenal metastases are discussed. The need to consider the
      possibility of Addison's disease complicating known malignant disease arising in
      other tissues is stressed.

PMID- 4022899
TI  - Congenital hepatic fibrosis and adult-type autosomal dominant polycystic kidney
      disease in a child.
AB  - This reports a family with congenital hepatic fibrosis and adult polycystic
      kidney disease. Adult polycystic kidney disease was present in three generations.
      In addition, congenital hepatic fibrosis occurred in two members of the third
      generation. These conditions are generally held to have different modes of
      inheritance and the significance of their occurrence together is not clear.

PMID- 4022900
TI  - Nitrous oxide as an opioid and the association between the therapeutic use of
      narcotics and addiction.

PMID- 4022901
TI  - Evaluation of simultaneous selection for live body weight and against abdominal
      fat in broilers.
AB  - Three hundred chickens from pedigree matings in a commercial female grandparent
      stock were slaughtered at 7 or 9 weeks of age. Data were obtained for live body
      weight and various carcass parts. Coefficients of variation of abdominal fat (g
      and g/100 g body weight) were above 30%. Coefficients of variation of the weights
      of muscular and skeletal parts were much lower (about 10%) and were further
      reduced when calculated per 100 g body weight. Heritability of abdominal fat was
      higher (.82) than that of live body weight (.55) and parts: breast (.55), thighs
      (.31), and drumsticks (.51). Phenotypic and genetic correlations between each of
      the heavier parts (breast, thighs, and drumsticks) and body weight were over .8;
      for smaller parts (legs, wings, etc.) correlations (.49 to .79) were lower.
      Abdominal fat showed the lowest correlation (.26 to .36) with body weight. The
      genetic correlations seemed free of the part-whole relationship. Simultaneous
      selections for live body weight and for breast weight, or against abdominal fat,
      were simulated using "independent culling levels". The theoretical calculations
      showed that adding breast weight as a selection criterion had no advantage over
      selection for body weight alone due to the high genetic correlation between the
      two traits. However, simultaneous selection for body weight and against abdominal
      fat, using optimum combination of culling, was economically superior to selection
      for body weight alone. The advantage of this two-trait selection depends on the
      correlation between the traits and their relative values.

PMID- 4022902
TI  - The influence of dietary salt on water consumption and carcass lipids in Japanese
      quail.
AB  - Studies were conducted to investigate the influence of dietary salt on water
      consumption and subsequent carcass lipids in Japanese quail at various ages. In
      Experiment 1, randombred nongrowth-selected (C) quail were fed 28% protein diets
      containing .0, .4, .8, 1.6, and 3.2% added salt. In Experiment 2, growth-selected
      P- and C-line quail were fed 20%-protein diets containing .4% and 3.2% added
      salt. The different dietary salt levels did not exert a consistent effect on body
      weight in Experiment 1. There was no adverse effect of salt level on feed
      consumption and efficiency and no direct effect on abdominal fat or carcass lipid
      levels. High salt (1.6 and 3.2%) stimulated water consumption and increased
      water:feed ratios. Water:feed ratios were higher for quail than for broilers,
      suggesting a species difference. In Experiment 2, C-line quail demonstrated
      similar effects to the high-salt (3.2%) diet in Experiment 1. High salt (3.2%)
      adversely affected body weight, feed consumption, abdominal fat, and carcass
      lipid in P-line quail. There was no affect on feed efficiency, and a substantial
      stimulation of water consumption with concomitantly increased water:feed ratios.
      The relatively low abdominal fat observed at 4 weeks of age indicate that
      nongrowth-selected quail may not be a good model for the study of abdominal fat
      in broilers.

PMID- 4022903
TI  - The delayed and saline wattle reactions in broilers challenged with bovine serum
      albumin.
AB  - Bovine serum albumin was used to study the development of a wattle reaction in
      broiler-type chickens. A strong response developed in both nonsensitized and
      sensitized chickens and the frequency of such was shown to be dependent on the
      method used for the sensitization. A similar swelling developed in a proportion
      of the wattles injected with saline and this too seemed to be influenced by the
      sensitization method. Moreover, both types of responses were shown to be somewhat
      unstable during the first 24 hr postchallenge.

PMID- 4022904
TI  - Influence of supplemental ascorbic acid on broiler performance following exposure
      to high environmental temperature.
AB  - The present study was conducted to determine if dietary ascorbic acid (AA) would
      improve growth, feed efficiency, and livability of broilers following an acute
      heating episode. Supplemental AA was provided in the diets at calculated levels
      of 0, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm, continuously. Females that received 1000 ppm
      exhibited significantly greater body weights at 2 and 4 weeks of age. No
      significant effects due to AA supplementation were observed in body weights of
      males. At 4 weeks of age, chicks were heated on two consecutive days by
      increasing the ambient temperature (38.3 C at bird level) in the production
      facility. Heating significantly reduced body weights in males, but not females,
      at 5 and 7 weeks of age. Feed conversions were increased after heating, but
      significant effects due to AA were not found. Ascorbic acid did not improve
      overall livability significantly in either sex, but heat-associated mortality was
      reduced in supplemented females.

PMID- 4022906
TI  - Serum proteins of three turkey strains under different seasonal conditions.
AB  - Total serum protein and serum protein fractions of three local turkey strains
      (White, Red, and Black) were measured under different seasonal conditions. Total
      serum protein was influenced (P less than .05) by strain (6.00, 6.15, and 6.28
      g/100 ml for White, Red, and Black, respectively) and sex (6.02 and 6.26 g/100 ml
      for males and females, respectively). Highest levels were recorded under moderate
      seasonal conditions and lowest under high temperature and low humidity. The
      interactions of strain X sex and sex X season were not significant (P greater
      than .05), whereas strain X season was significant (P less than .05). Highest
      levels of albumin were encountered in Black and Red strains. Sex and season did
      not exert significant effects (P greater than .05); only the interaction of
      strain X season was significant (P less than .05). Strain had a significant
      effect on alpha-1 but not on alpha-2, beta-, and gamma-globulins, whereas sex was
      a source of variation in all globulins (P less than .05). Season induced
      significant (P less than .05) variation in globulins. Maximal levels were
      observed under moderate temperature and relative humidity. Strain X season and
      strain X sex interactions were not significant with regard to alpha-1 values.
      Similar trends were observed in beta-globulins for strain X sex and season X sex
      interactions (P greater than .05).

PMID- 4022905
TI  - Development of a basal diet to study broiler chicken responses to the sulfur
      containing amino acids and sodium sulfate.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to develop a basal diet limiting in the sulfur
      containing amino acids and with adequate sodium. Twelve hundred commercial male
      broiler chicks were grown to 3 weeks of age in battery brooders. Chicks were fed
      a diet of a corn-soybean meal-poultry oil containing .38% methionine, .74% total
      sulfur-containing amino acids, and .10% sodium. The first two experiments, pooled
      for statistical analyses, showed that supplementation with .25% L-methionine
      significantly increased chick growth over the basal (496 vs. 465 g; P = .034) as
      did sodium supplementation (518 vs. 465 g; P less than .001). The best growth
      rate occurred when L-methionine and sodium chloride (NaCl) were supplemented
      together at .25 and .33%, respectively (579 g gained). The response from NaCl was
      demonstrated to be due to the sodium and not the chlorine by comparison to
      responses from potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
      supplementation. It is suggested that two "first-limiting" nutrients, methionine
      and sodium, exist for chicks fed this particular diet. In Experiment 3, a
      response surface was determined with supplemental sodium (as NaCl) and L
      methionine each varying from 0 to .20% (.10 to .30% total sodium and .38 to .58%
      total methionine). It was concluded that .20% total sodium is adequate to
      maximize growth and feed efficiency (.20% better than .13%, no different from
      .27%). Similarly, .17% supplemental methionine (.55% total) appears to be
      adequate (.17% better than .10%; .20% not better than .17%) with no supplemental
      choline.

PMID- 4022908
TI  - The mechanism of the ejection of a frothy fluid from the cloaca in the male
      turkey.
AB  - The mechanism of the ejection of a frothy fluid from the "tissue at the vicinity
      of the papilla" (TVP) of the ductus deferens and triangular fold (TF) of the
      cloaca of the male turkey during natural copulation was investigated. Injection
      of Evans blue (T-1824) solution into the wing vein of the intact male led to the
      ejection, immediately after injection, of frothy fluid colored blue. Ligation of
      the A. pudenda interna decreased the volume of fluid to a negligible amount, and
      removal of the paracloacal vascular body (Corpus vasculare paracloacale)
      completely suppressed the tumescence of the copulatory organ and the flow of the
      fluid (lymph-like fluid). Evans blue solution, introduced into the A. pudenda
      interna of dissected cloacal specimens, exuded out from the TVP but not from the
      lymphatic folds (plicae lymphaticae). Injection of dye solution into the
      paracloacal vascular body elicited only the erection of the phallus, and none
      flowed out from the surface of the lymphatic folds. Also, no ejection of the
      injected dye solution into the A. pudenda interna was found in the dorsal wall of
      the cloaca, particularly from the TF. The results suggest that lymph generated in
      the paracloacal vascular body caused only the tumescence of the copulatory organ
      and a lymph generated in the TVP exuded through the surface epithelium. In
      addition, a foam (froth) is produced in the TF of the middorsal proctodeum during
      mounting behavior which appears to be added to the aforementioned lymph from the
      TVP at copulation.

PMID- 4022907
TI  - Fatty acid compositions of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in hen liver lipid
      before and after sexual maturity.
AB  - Changes in fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols and phospholipids of the
      hen liver lipid on coming into egg production were described. Of the major fatty
      acids of triacylglycerols, a high content of oleate and low content of stearate
      and polyenoic acids were observed in the hen liver at all ages (97 to 167 days of
      age). In contrast, high stearate and polyenoic acids were present in the liver
      phospholipids at all ages. The oleate content in triacylglycerols was twice that
      of phospholipids. Triacylglycerols of the hen liver were more unsaturated than
      phospholipids throughout the experiment. The triacylglycerols of the control and
      estrogenized male chicks were also more unsaturated than the phospholipids. The
      distribution patterns of carbon-18 fatty acids (stearate, oleate, and linoleate)
      of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in liver lipid were examined. Both females
      and males showed similar distribution patterns of carbon-18 fatty acids of the
      triacylglycerols. In the phospholipids, all birds also showed similar
      distribution patterns, but these patterns were distinctly different from those of
      the triacylglycerols.

PMID- 4022909
TI  - Phosphorous requirements of laying hens in a semiarid continental climate.
AB  - Single Comb White Leghorn layers raised in floor pens in conventional open
      housing were used to determine their phosphorous requirement in a semiarid
      continental climate. Dietary available phosphorous (AP) of .15, .25, .35, and
      .45% were fed continuously from 26 to 74 weeks of age. Concurrently, diets
      containing .45, .35, and .25% AP or .35, .25, and .15% AP were "phase fed" during
      the age intervals of 26 to 42, 42 to 54, and 54 to 74 weeks, respectively. Diets
      used were corn-soybean diets in which the phosphorous was varied by changing the
      level of dicalcium phosphate in the ration. Under the conditions of this
      experiment, hens required a minimum of .25% AP for best egg production, feed
      consumption, and body weight gain. The AP levels above .35% depressed shell
      thickness. In a phase-feeding program, when the last phase corresponds with the
      summer season, AP should not go below .25% for best performance.

PMID- 4022910
TI  - Fertility of fresh and stored turkey spermatozoa in the presence or absence of
      glucose or fructose in the suspension medium.
AB  - Turkey hens were inseminated with either fresh or stored (4 hr at 15 C) semen
      suspended in a sugar-free medium or one containing 15 mM glucose or fructose.
      Rates of fertilization of eggs collected for 15 days after insemination were not
      affected by the presence or absence of glucose or fructose in the medium nor by
      storage.

PMID- 4022911
TI  - Whole brain acetylcholinesterase activity in lead-exposed Japanese quail.
AB  - A study was conducted in which male and female Japanese quail were fed dietary
      lead as lead acetate from hatch through 12 weeks of age. Lead was added to the
      diet at 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg feed. Significant reductions in whole brain
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were found at all treatment levels.
      Additionally, a sexual dimorphism in brain weight and AChE activity was found.
      Breeding males had heavier brain weights and lower AChE activity than females.
      Brain weight was not affected by lead treatment. However, females exhibited a
      greater lead-induced decrease in AChE activity.

PMID- 4022912
TI  - Relationship of body fat to fertility in broiler breeder hens.
AB  - Sixty-one dwarf broiler breeder hens (58 weeks of age) were utilized to examine
      relationships among body weight, body fat, oviduct fat, and fertility. Body
      weight showed a significant (P less than .05) positive relationship to percent
      body fat (r = +.26). The correlation coefficient between percent body fat and
      percent oviduct fat was +.26 (P less than .05). Body weight and percent body fat
      were negatively correlated with fertility; oviduct fat, however, was not
      significantly correlated to fertility. The adverse effect of body fat on
      fertility seems to involve a mechanism other than increased fat deposition in the
      oviduct.

PMID- 4022913
TI  - Heritability of live and abdominal fat weights in Coturnix quail.
AB  - Twenty-seven single-pair matings of Coturnix quail produced 48 sons and 50
      daughters. Parents and progeny were reared under similar conditions and killed at
      58 days of age. Live and abdominal fat weights were obtained. Heritability
      estimates from parent-offspring regressions ranged from .05 to .72 (live weight),
      .49 to .80 (abdominal fat weight), and .45 to .88 (percent abdominal fat/live
      weight). The high heritabilities for live weight (except sire-daughter
      regression) and for abdominal fat in Coturnix quail indicate that a selection
      method could be used to reduce fat and increase live weight.

PMID- 4022914
TI  - Effect of citric and ascorbic acids on performance and intestinal pH of chicks.
AB  - An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of one percent dietary
      citric and ascorbic acid additions on performance and intestinal pH of young
      chicks. The citric and ascorbic acid additions did not affect chick performance
      or pH of the duodenal lumen contents. Also, pH of the duodenal lumen contents was
      not affected by 1:2 to 1:8 dilutions with distilled water.

PMID- 4022916
TI  - Abstracts of papers. Sixth annual meeting of the Southern Poultry Science
      Society. January 22-23, 1985, Atlanta, Georgia.

PMID- 4022917
TI  - Abstracts of papers to be presented at the 74th annual meeting of the Poultry
      Science Association, Inc.

PMID- 4022915
TI  - Relationship between activity at a young age and feed efficiency in chickens.
AB  - Feed conversions of three Ottawa strains of Leghorns were measured from hatch to
      27 days and bird activity at 1, 2, and 4 weeks of age was assessed. Males were
      more active than females. Chicks of the more active strain consumed more feed and
      had poorer conversion than those from the least active strain. Ranking of the
      strains on feed conversion to 27 days was similar to their ranking on feed
      consumed per egg mass produced in an earlier study.

PMID- 4022918
TI  - Occupational health and the general practitioner.

PMID- 4022919
TI  - Building sickness.

PMID- 4022920
TI  - Visual display units and health.

PMID- 4022921
TI  - Stress at work.

PMID- 4022922
TI  - Unemployment and health during a recession.

PMID- 4022923
TI  - The offshore worker.

PMID- 4022924
TI  - Myocardial infarction and advice on sexual activity.

PMID- 4022925
TI  - The results of hand surgery in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4022926
TI  - Hypnotherapy--a useful tool in general practice.

PMID- 4022927
TI  - [Lung embolism: etiology, pathophysiology, clinical aspects and therapy].

PMID- 4022929
TI  - [Differences in lung function in smokers, former smokers and nonsmokers].

PMID- 4022928
TI  - [Improvement of ventilation in patients with restrictive and irreversible
      obstructive ventilation disorders by a single dose of theophylline].

PMID- 4022930
TI  - [Diagnosis, course and treatment of a case of veno-occlusive disease].

PMID- 4022931
TI  - [Results of a serum concentration-oriented dosage of a theophylline depot
      preparation in ambulatory patients with chronic obstructive lung disease].

PMID- 4022932
TI  - [Combined use of an inhalation antigen test and bronchoalveolar lavage in the
      diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis].

PMID- 4022933
TI  - [Recurring, menstruation-dependent spontaneous pneumothorax--successful treatment
      with chemical pleurodesis].

PMID- 4022934
TI  - [Speech and intelligence performance in relation to social class and family
      status].

PMID- 4022935
TI  - [Inpatient adolescent psychiatric therapy as evaluated by the patients].

PMID- 4022936
TI  - [A "mimickry" patient: report on attempted treatment of a self-inflicted
      disease].

PMID- 4022937
TI  - [Group processes in team supervision--constructive and destructive effects].

PMID- 4022938
TI  - [Psychologic problems in children and adolescents in orthodontics].

PMID- 4022939
TI  - [Dreams in the treatment of children and adolescents with preoedipal disorders].

PMID- 4022940
TI  - Five cases of prenatally diagnosed sex chromosome mosaicism.
AB  - Prenatal detection of chromosome mosaicism is a relatively rare phenomenon and
      always constitutes a diagnostic problem. The difficulties are much more when the
      mosaics involve the sex chromosomes, because of the large phenotypic variability
      in individuals with these abnormalities. We studied 5 cases of true mosaics, 4 of
      these were prenatally detected, while 1 case was revealed only in the fetal
      lymphocytes after induced abortion. The limits of amniotic fluid culture with
      regard to the diagnosis of true mosaics and the difficulties arising in genetic
      counselling are discussed.

PMID- 4022941
TI  - Testosterone levels in midtrimester maternal and fetal plasma and amniotic fluid.
AB  - Testosterone was measured in maternal plasma (58 samples), amniotic fluid (71
      samples) and fetal plasma (55 samples) in 79 patients between 15 and 23 weeks'
      gestation. Maternal plasma testosterone levels were unrelated to fetal sex.
      Amniotic fluid testosterone was significantly higher in male than female fetuses
      but did not reliably predict fetal sex. A correct diagnosis of fetal sex was made
      by testosterone assay of pure fetal plasma in 39 out of 40 males and in 15 out of
      15 females using 1.70 nmol/l as the cut-off value. This investigation is not the
      method of choice for routine fetal sexing but may be of value in fetuses
      suspected of having certain endocrine disorders.

PMID- 4022942
TI  - Temporal changes in the utilization of amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis by
      women of advanced maternal age, 1976-1983.
AB  - Utilization of amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis because of the indication of
      advanced maternal age (greater than or equal to 35 years at delivery) was
      examined in the population of B.C. over an 8-year period (1976-1983). As of 1983,
      approximately one out of three eligible women (greater than or equal to 35 years
      at delivery) is having the test. In the older group (greater than or equal to 38
      years at delivery) approximately one out of two eligible women is having the
      test. The data do not indicate that the proportion of eligible women having
      amniocentesis has reached a plateau; utilization is continuing to increase. It
      appears that prenatal diagnosis is an ethically acceptable alternative for a
      large proportion of the population.

PMID- 4022943
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 10 p in a twin pregnancy.
AB  - A twin pregnancy with trisomy 10 p due to a paternal 10;12 translocation is
      reported. The prenatal diagnosis steps followed in twin pregnancies are reviewed
      and the concordant features of trisomy 10 p seen in both fetuses confirm previous
      reports on the clinical features of this chromosomal defect.

PMID- 4022944
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of the fragile-X in male monozygotic twins: discordant
      expression of the fragile site in amniocytes.
AB  - A prenatal diagnosis of the fragile-X syndrome in monozygotic male twins is
      reported. The expression of the fragile site was discordant in amniotic cells.
      Fetal blood and, after therapeutic abortion, skin fibroblasts were positive in
      both fetuses. Our data suggest that great care should be taken when using
      amniocytes for prenatal diagnosis of the fragile-X syndrome.

PMID- 4022945
TI  - Therapeutic abortion following midtrimester amniocentesis.

PMID- 4022946
TI  - Cellular growth of the placenta in twin pregnancy late in gestation.
AB  - In order to establish the pattern of cellular growth in placentae from human twin
      pregnancy, the total placental concentrations of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
      protein were determined. Twin placentae from 31 to 40 weeks' gestation were
      analysed from 40 pregnancies whose precise gestational ages were known. The study
      has shown that nuclear multiplication continues until placental growth in weight
      itself comes to an end. Increase in placental weight was caused by cellular
      hyperplasia without hypertrophy.

PMID- 4022947
TI  - Physiological aspects of placental ontogeny and phylogeny.

PMID- 4022948
TI  - Morphological aspects of placental ontogeny and phylogeny.

PMID- 4022949
TI  - Hydatidiform mole in Nottingham: a 12-year retrospective epidemiological and
      morphological study.
AB  - The results of a 12-year retrospective study on the epidemiology of hydatidiform
      mole (HM) in Nottingham are presented. We have reviewed the histology of our
      cases of HM, tried to minimize selection bias, and have used the most reliable
      data available. Using data from two different sources we have calculated the
      frequency of HM as 1 in 1400 deliveries. The frequency of HM in this study is one
      quarter of that reported in an excellent study from Japan. We suggest that, with
      accurate epidemiological studies, the difference in frequency of HM between 'high
      risk' and 'low risk' areas is less than previously accepted. The present study
      also shows a lower incidence of persistent trophoblastic disease than previously
      generally accepted. We confirm that partial HM is a distinct clinicopathological
      entity and that two forms are distinguishable histologically. The malignant
      potential of partial HM is uncertain, and we suggest that the clinical management
      of partial HM should be no different from that of complete HM until further
      studies dictate otherwise.

PMID- 4022950
TI  - Human placental mitochondrial respiration and its regulation by adenine
      nucleotides.
AB  - Respiratory parameters were studied in mitochondria from human placenta.
      Respiratory control and ADP/O ratios were low in this preparation. The adenine
      nucleotide content of placental mitochondria was found to be only one quarter of
      that found for adult uterine muscle tissue mitochondria prepared in the same way.
      Loading placental mitochondria with adenine nucleotides by incubation in the
      presence of ATP produced increased respiratory control ratios but no improvement
      in ADP/O ratios. Our evidence is consistent with the developmental changes shown
      to occur in rat liver, in which an increased concentration of adenine nucleotides
      is responsible for changes in respiratory parameters.

PMID- 4022951
TI  - Morphometric studies of fetal placental stem arteries in hypertensive disorders
      ('toxaemia') of pregnancy.
AB  - The mural thickness of fetal stem arteries of 3rd order was assessed
      morphometrically in 50 placentae from each of the 'toxaemia', normal pregnancy
      and acute fetal distress groups. Several clinical maternal and fetal variables
      and the syncytial sprout proliferation of the placentae were correlated with the
      morphometric findings. The results show that: (1) there was a significant
      reduction in the ratio of lumen-to-whole-diameter of the fetal arteries in
      'toxaemia' as compared with the two other groups; (2) the mean lumen-to-whole
      diameter ratio also differed between regions of the placenta in all groups, the
      most marked reduction being in the parachorial region and the least prominent in
      the parabasal zone; (3) no significant differences in the mean diameter ratio
      were found among the three sub-groups of the toxaemic pregnancies, i.e., the
      preeclampsia, essential hypertension and renal disease group; and (4) there was
      an inverse relationship between the lumen-to-whole-diameter ratios and the
      syncytial sprout counts in the toxaemic group.

PMID- 4022952
TI  - A description of human placental syncytiotrophoblast membrane glycosphingolipids.
AB  - The glycosphingolipid (GSL) structure of isolated human term placental
      syncytiotrophoblast microvillous plasma membrane (StMPM) has been investigated by
      Folch solvent extraction and thin-layer chromatography. StMPM preparations were
      shown to contain unique hydrophilic GSL species, including two highly
      glycosylated (greater than 15 saccharide residues/molecule) components. This
      fraction consistently included four major gangliosides (sialylated GSL), as well
      as two highly-sialylated (greater than or equal to 4 sialic acid
      residues/molecule) minor gangliosides.

PMID- 4022953
TI  - Stereological studies on the true thickness of the villous membrane in human term
      placentae: a study of placentae from high-altitude pregnancies.
AB  - Stereological principles were used to calculate functionally significant
      dimensions of the human villous membrane, its arithmetic mean thickness (Ta) and
      its harmonic mean thickness (Th). The former is proportional to tissue mass and
      oxygen consumption, the latter to diffusional resistance. For a group of 15 term
      placentae from uncomplicated pregnancies at high altitude, the average values
      were Ta = 4.44 micron, Th = 3.56 micron and Ta/Th = 1.26. The latter figure
      provides a useful quantitative expression for the efficiency of the membrane in
      gas and metabolite diffusion. It implies that vasculosyncytial membranes and
      syncytial knots decrease resistance to diffusion by 26 per cent, compared with
      that of a membrane with uniform thickness throughout. The methods are simple to
      apply and provide better estimates of true thickness than do measurements
      confined to thin sections.

PMID- 4022954
TI  - Extracellular binding of calcium in the guinea-pig placenta.
AB  - Extraction of 45Ca from the perfused umbilical vascular bed of the guinea-pig
      placenta was measured using 3H-sucrose or 24Na as reference substances at a
      constant inflow concentration of the tracers. La3+ (5mM) depressed extraction of
      45Ca below zero for several minutes. This suggests that there is a significant
      amount of Ca bound extracellularly on the umbilical side of the placental
      barrier.

PMID- 4022955
TI  - Maternal vascular lesions in placentae of small-for-gestational-age infants.
AB  - Placentae from 140 term pregnancies were studied. Seventy-four were from
      uncomplicated pregnancies in which the neonates were within the normal weight
      range for their gestational age. The remaining 66 placentae were from pregnancies
      whose infants were small for gestational age (SGA). In eight cases of this latter
      group a curettage of placental bed was performed during caesarean section.
      Maternal arterial vessels with absence of trophoblastic migration were observed
      in basal decidua and basal plate, and acute atherosis in parietal decidua, basal
      decidua and basal plate, all of them in cases of the SGA group. Furthermore,
      chronic vasculitis-like lesions were observed in the parietal decidua of three
      cases from the SGA group and in two others of the control group. No vascular
      lesions were found in cases of the control group when an infant's birthweight was
      above the 25th percentile of the normal ponderal range. Atheromatous-like lesions
      have been described in placental bed arteries in pre-eclampsia, systemic lupus
      erythematosus and SGA infants: this type of vasculopathy has also been described
      in rejection of renal transplants. Moreover, lesions similar to those found in
      chronic vasculitis were also described in the latter pathological entity. It is
      suggested that these vasculopathies may represent different steps of the same
      lesion. On the other hand, they may also be the expression of a maternal
      immunological attack on placental tissues causing a deficit of placentation, low
      birthweight being the consequence of this deficit.

PMID- 4022956
TI  - Conference on nucleosides and lymphocytes.

PMID- 4022957
TI  - Incorporation of 3H-labeled nucleosides and 3H-labeled deoxynucleosides into
      detergent soluble DNA.
AB  - Detergent soluble DNA from splenocytes of immunologically stimulated mice has
      been shown to incorporate [3H]dThd more rapidly than detergent insoluble DNA. In
      this report we compare the incorporation of other 3H-labeled nucleosides and 3H
      labeled deoxynucleosides and the distribution of 3H in the different size classes
      of detergent soluble DNA. The order of incorporation into DS DNA is [3H]dThd
      greater than [3H]dCyd greater than [3H]Ado greater than [3H]dGuo approximately
      equal to [3H]Cyd greater than [3H]dAdo greater than [3H]Guo. We also show that
      the previously reported slight enrichment in Gua + Cyt content is not due to
      preferential incorporation of dGuo or of dCyd into any one size class.

PMID- 4022958
TI  - The differential response of cortical and trabecular bone to aluminum
      administration in the rat.
AB  - Osteomalacia has been noted following in vivo aluminum (Al) loading in the rat by
      some investigators but not by others. To determine whether the response of bone
      to Al differs as a function of the skeletal site examined, quantitative histology
      of cortical and trabecular bone was done in the tibiae from control (C, n = 10),
      Al-treated (AL, n = 9), nephrectomized control (NX-C, n = 7), and nephrectomized
      Al-treated (NX-AL, n = 8) rats given 2 mg/day of Al for 4 weeks. Bone Al content
      was determined by histochemical methods. In cortical bone, osteoid seam width,
      osteoid volume, and percent osteoid area were similar for all groups. In
      contrast, for trabecular bone, both forming surface (means +/- SD) (5.2 +/- 3.4
      vs 1.8 +/- 1.1%, P less than 0.05) and osteoid volume (1.7 +/- 0.7 vs 1.0 +/-
      0.4%, P less than 0.05) increased from control values in AL, although osteoid
      seam width did not differ. In NX-AL, trabecular forming surface (20.2 +/- 6.7 vs
      6.2 +/- 2.4%, P less than 0.01), osteoid area (13.2 +/- 5.7 vs 3.5 +/- 0.8%, P
      less than 0.01), and osteoid width (18.7 +/- 5.7 vs 9.7 +/- 2.3 micron, P less
      than 0.01) all were greater than in NX-C. Deposits of Al were undetectable in C
      and NX-C, were minimal in cortical bone in AL and NX-AL, but were present at 40.5
      +/- 11.5 and 71.1 +/ 6.5% of trabecular surfaces in AL and NX-AL, respectively.
      Osteoid area and osteoid surface each correlated with trabecular bone Al. Thus,
      (a) osteoid accumulates in trabecular, but not in cortical, bone after 4 weeks of
      Al loading; (b) the extent of osteoid accumulation correlates with the bone Al
      content; and (c) the histologic response to Al in cortical and trabecular bone is
      related to local differences in the uptake of Al into bone.

PMID- 4022959
TI  - Retention of ingested latex particles in Peyer's patches of germfree and
      conventional mice.
AB  - Conventional and germfree mice ingested a suspension of 2-micron latex particles
      in drinking water for a 15-day period. Number and distribution of intestinal
      Peyer's patches did not differ significantly in the two types of mice. Cleared
      Peyer's patches were compared with regard to size and particle content. The
      location of particles within Peyer's patch follicles of germfree mice was similar
      to that of conventional mice, but the latter had significantly larger follicles
      and greater accumulations of latex particles. Latex concentration varied with
      patch location. Proximal patches contained the majority of particles in germfree
      mice, whereas particles were most abundant in distal patches of conventional
      mice. The results show that particle uptake into Peyer's patches takes place even
      in the complete absence of bacteria in the gut.

PMID- 4022960
TI  - Prolactin responses to chronic exercise in males.
AB  - Chronic, as well as acute, exercise increases circulating PRL in females. The
      response of males to repeated exercise, however, is unknown. The purpose of the
      present study was to examine the effects of acute and chronic exercise on plasma
      PRL levels in untrained males. Eight male subjects performed cycle ergometer
      exercise at 50% of their maximal oxygen uptake on 10 consecutive days. The
      subjects exercised in an environmental chamber maintained at 39 degrees C and 30%
      relative humidity. PRL levels were measured on days 1, 5, and 10 before exercise,
      and after 20 and 45 minutes of exercise. Acute exercise increased PRL levels.
      However, plasma levels did not significantly increase during exercise on days 5
      and 10. This suggests a similarity in the PRL response to acute exercise in males
      and females, but a sex difference in the response to chronic exercise.

PMID- 4022962
TI  - Germfree research. Microflora control and its application to the biomedical
      sciences. Proceedings of the VIIIth International Symposium on Germfree Research.
      Notre Dame, Indiana, June 17-22, 1984.

PMID- 4022961
TI  - The use of athymic nude mice for the study of human keloids.
AB  - Keloid tissue has been implanted in the athymic nude mouse in order to develop an
      experimental animal model for the study of human keloids and hypertrophic scars.
      Untreated keloid tissues maintained essentially the same morphological patterns
      and glycosaminoglycan distributions for at least 60 days after implantation in
      the athymic mice. Normal human skin implanted in the same way was maintained
      without change in glycosaminoglycan distribution or morphologic characteristics.
      We suggest that this model may be useful for basic research of keloids and
      hypertrophic scars in that it will allow studies of morphologic, biochemical and
      therapeutic interrelationships under controlled conditions.

PMID- 4022963
TI  - Formation of hyodeoxycholate from beta-muricholate in gnotobiotic rats associated
      with Clostridium HDCA-1.

PMID- 4022964
TI  - Lack of 7 alpha-dehydroxylation in gnotobiotic gerbils associated with an
      octaflora including Clostridium sordellii.

PMID- 4022965
TI  - Urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion in germfree and conventional rats maintained
      on 70% of ad lib diet intake.

PMID- 4022966
TI  - Studies on the effect of the gut microflora on dietary nitrogen digestibility in
      pigs.

PMID- 4022967
TI  - Production of amines in monoxenic chicken inoculated with a Lactobacillus strain
      isolated from holoxenic (conventional) cock crop.

PMID- 4022968
TI  - Nitrate reduction in germfree rats.

PMID- 4022969
TI  - Thermal injury mortality in germfree and conventional animals.
AB  - Studies in germfree (GF) rats and mice demonstrated that GF animals were as
      sensitive if not more so to thermal injury than conventional (CV) animals. Death
      occurred in both groups after a similar period of time. There was no evidence of
      infection in either group. Using GF animals in other forms of injury such as
      hemorrhagic shock, others report that death occurred with equal frequency in both
      GF and CV animals. It is therefore postulated that sepsis cannot be the basic
      cause of death in severely traumatized patients. It is of utmost importance to
      control the toxic effect of tissue breakdown products before the vicious cycle of
      depressed immunological function and malnutrition ensues. A method of
      neutralizing the toxic effects of thermal injury by competition is described.
      Competitin is an "antitoxin" produced in vitro from "toxin(s)" isolated from
      burned human skin. Competitins to other toxin(s) have been produced and it is
      postulated that competitins may also be produced from the breakdown products of
      all forms of injury.

PMID- 4022970
TI  - Cleavage of lactose-lysine, a novel indicator of colonization resistance of the
      digestive tract.

PMID- 4022971
TI  - Rationale for use of beta-aspartylglycine as indicator of colonization
      resistance.

PMID- 4022972
TI  - beta-Aspartylglycine during antibiotic induced dysbacteriosis of intestinal
      microflora in the rat.

PMID- 4022973
TI  - Establishment of gnotobiotic state in guinea pigs and their response to Shigella
      infection.

PMID- 4022974
TI  - Colonization and pathogenesis of Campylobacter spp. in athymic and euthymic
      germfree mice.

PMID- 4022975
TI  - Experimental models of Clostridium difficile enterocolitis in gnotobiotic mice.

PMID- 4022976
TI  - Kinetics of cytotoxin production in feces of gnotobiotic mice and rats associated
      with two strains of Clostridium difficile.

PMID- 4022977
TI  - Virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans.

PMID- 4022978
TI  - Characterization of fusiform bacteria and clostridia isolated from feces of
      limited flora mice and their association to germfree mice.

PMID- 4022979
TI  - The instability of intestinal clostridial colonisation in living beings.

PMID- 4022980
TI  - Alterations in cell number, size and collagen content in livers of conventional
      and germfree mice bearing Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 4022981
TI  - The influence of antibiotics upon microflora-associated characteristics in man
      and mammals.

PMID- 4022982
TI  - A new workbench isolator.

PMID- 4022983
TI  - Forecast of antibiotic susceptibility of translocating strains of enterobacteria
      and pseudomonas in leukemic neutropenic patients.

PMID- 4022984
TI  - In vivo influence of three B-lactam antibiotics on the intestinal microflora of
      man. A preliminary study in gnotobiotic mice.

PMID- 4022985
TI  - Profile of spontaneous tumor development in germfree Lobund Wistar rats.

PMID- 4022986
TI  - Germfree animal as a tool to study role of gut microflora and nutrition in
      cancer.

PMID- 4022987
TI  - Spontaneous polyposis in the small intestine of germfree and conventionalized
      BALB/C mice.

PMID- 4022988
TI  - The evolution of gnotobiotic technology.

PMID- 4022989
TI  - Suppressive influence of methemoglobinemia due to nitrite on hepatotoxicosis due
      to dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in germ-free rats.

PMID- 4022991
TI  - Recent advances in isolator technology: the auto-bubble.

PMID- 4022990
TI  - Composition of, and cholate transformation by, the predominant fecal flora of
      patients with colon or rectal cancer and matched controls.

PMID- 4022992
TI  - Recent studies of diseases demonstrating similar patterns including infectious
      mononucleosis (IM) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS).

PMID- 4022993
TI  - Immunoresponses and natural killer activity of nude and normal mice under
      conventional and germfree conditions.

PMID- 4022994
TI  - Natural killer cell activity in germfree and conventional rats.

PMID- 4022995
TI  - Influence of antigen-free diet, microbial flora and host strain on natural killer
      cytotoxic activity in mice.

PMID- 4022996
TI  - The effect of the antigenic stimuli derived from the diet and microbial flora on
      immunoglobulin levels.

PMID- 4022997
TI  - Isotype distribution and specificity repertoire of 'spontaneously' occurring
      ('background') immunoglobulin-secreting cells in germfree mice fed chemically
      defined ultrafiltered 'antigen-free' diet.

PMID- 4022998
TI  - Comparison of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from germfree and conventional lambs.

PMID- 4022999
TI  - Fc receptor-dependent activation of effector function of gnotobiotic porcine
      pulmonary alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 4023000
TI  - Isolation and function of mucosal lymphocytes in the mouse.

PMID- 4023001
TI  - The use of flexible film isolators in the production of genetically and
      microbiologically defined rats and mice.

PMID- 4023002
TI  - Response of gnotobiotic pigs to immunization and challenge with Hemophilus
      pleuropneumoniae.

PMID- 4023003
TI  - Intestinal microecology and immune response of germfree and conventional mice in
      mixed trichinellosis.

PMID- 4023004
TI  - Combined use of isolators with laminar air flow cabinet for xenografts in nude
      mice.

PMID- 4023005
TI  - Histological and immunological evaluation of gnotobiotic C3H/He mice following
      i.v. administration of 8-aminoguanosine and 2'deoxyguanosine.

PMID- 4023006
TI  - Growth of dog intestinal mucosa xenografts in nude mice.

PMID- 4023007
TI  - David's story: the gift of 12 years, 5 months, and 1 day.

PMID- 4023008
TI  - Weighing problems in germfree environment.

PMID- 4023009
TI  - Sterilization issues and update for gnotobiology research.

PMID- 4023010
TI  - Ambient pressure ethylene-oxide sterilization of flexible film germ free
      isolators.

PMID- 4023011
TI  - Increased life span among germfree rats.

PMID- 4023012
TI  - Establishment of a colony of germfree spontaneously hypertensive rats.

PMID- 4023013
TI  - On gut membrane transport of tryptophan in the germfree mouse.

PMID- 4023014
TI  - Superior reproduction by BALB/C vs C3H/HeCr germfree mice fed chemically defined,
      ultrafiltered, antigen-free diet.

PMID- 4023015
TI  - Hepatotoxicity of chemically-defined diets containing polysorbate-80 in germfree
      and conventional mice.

PMID- 4023016
TI  - Bile pigments in germfree and conventional rats.

PMID- 4023017
TI  - [Reduction of the solubility of enamel following treatment with nicomethanol
      hydrofluoride].

PMID- 4023018
TI  - The effect of the particle size of synthetic red iron oxide on the appearance of
      tablet film coatings.

PMID- 4023019
TI  - The preparation and characterization of poly(D,L-lactic acid) for use as a
      biodegradable drug carrier.

PMID- 4023020
TI  - Asymmetrical effect of unilateral cortical lesions and amphetamine on DRL-20: a
      time-loss analysis.
AB  - Male Sprague Dawley rats received unilateral 1.5 mm diameter focal suction
      lesions of either the left or right orbito-frontal cortex and were tested for
      response to 6 doses of amphetamine sulfate ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg on a DRL
      20 schedule of reinforcement. Right hemispheric lesion animals obtained a greater
      number of control reinforcements and were more sensitive to amphetamine's
      disruptive effects, showing a greater dose-related decrease in water rewards
      obtained than left lesion animals. An analysis method is introduced which
      combines the interactive effects of premature responses and their IRT value in a
      way that relates directly to reinforcement attainment. Calculated total session
      time made unavailable for reinforcement due to premature responding, correlated
      negatively (r = -.942) with the number of reinforcements obtained.

PMID- 4023021
TI  - Norepinephrine-facilitated eating: reduction in saccharin preference and
      conditioned flavor preferences with increase in quinine aversion.
AB  - Paraventricular (PVN) hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) injections which
      facilitated feeding were nonetheless found to reduce both the unconditioned
      preference for saccharin and starch-conditioned preferences for almond odor and
      lemon taste, as well as enhancing aversion to quinine. These results add to the
      evidence that PVN NE elicits eating by attenuating a satiety signal.

PMID- 4023022
TI  - High proline levels in the brains of mice as related to specific learning
      deficits.
AB  - Hyperprolinemic PRO/Re mice have been studied as potential models for
      hyperprolinemia in man. In addition to high proline levels, some heretofore
      unreported amino acid abnormalities in the brains of PRO/Re mice are described.
      The T-maze and shuttlebox learning abilities of PRO/Re mice were compared with
      those of CD-1 mice having normal proline levels. PRO/Re mice had a significant
      deficit for T-maze learning, but a significantly greater aptitude for shuttlebox
      learning when compared to CD-1 mice. By studying the F3 progency of the PRO/Re X
      CD-1 cross, these strain-specific differences in learning ability for different
      tasks were shown to be unrelated to the differences in brain proline levels. F3
      mice could be subdivided into two distinct groups: those with high proline (HP+)
      and low proline (HP-) titers. Other amino acids in brain tissues were essentially
      identical in both groups. A comparison of learning abilities of these HP+ mice
      with their HP- littermates showed no meaningful differences. However, the
      slightly slower rate at which HP+ mice acquired shuttlebox learning was
      sufficiently consistent over the 8 day training period so that it became
      significant. These results do not support the hypothesis that high levels of
      proline in brain tissues and blood are necessarily accompanied by impaired
      learning and memory, but are in agreement with those studies of hyperprolinemia
      in man that suggest no consistent learning deficits in hyperprolinemic subjects.
      The results seem to validate the suitability of the PRO/Re mouse as a model for
      hyperprolinemia in man. The data suggest also that the altered amino acid pattern
      in brains of PRO/Re mice has multiple etiologies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4023023
TI  - Effects of opioids and phencyclidine in combination with naltrexone on the
      acquisition and performance of response sequences in monkeys.
AB  - In each of three components of a multiple schedule, monkeys were required to emit
      a different sequence of four responses in a predetermined order on four levers.
      Sequence completions produced food under a fixed-ratio schedule. Errors produced
      a brief timeout. One component of the multiple schedule was a repeated
      acquisition task where the four-response sequence changed each session
      (learning). The second component of the multiple schedule was also a repeated
      acquisition task, but acquisition was supported through the use of a stimulus
      fading procedure (faded learning). In a third component of the multiple schedule,
      the sequence of responses remained the same from session to session
      (performance). Heroin, methadone, cyclazocine and phencyclidine each produced
      dose-related decreases in overall response rate. At high doses which produced
      equivalent rate-decreasing effects, cyclazocine and phencyclidine generally
      produced greater disruption of accuracy in the learning component than did heroin
      or methadone. Naltrexone 5.6 microgram/kg shifted to the right by approximately
      1/2-log unit the heroin and methadone dose-effect curves, but produced little or
      no change in the cyclazocine dose-effect curves. At 56 micrograms/kg naltrexone
      completely antagonized both the rate-decreasing and error-increasing effects of
      heroin and methadone. The same dose of naltrexone tended to produce greater
      antagonism of the effects of cyclazocine on accuracy than on rate, which was
      shifted by only 1/4-log unit. In contrast, naltrexone failed to antagonize the
      effects of phencyclidine on either rate or accuracy. Thus it would appear that
      while cyclazocine and phencyclidine produce similar disruptions in the accuracy
      of a discrimination, the effects of each are differentially sensitive to
      antagonism by naltrexone.

PMID- 4023024
TI  - Self-administration of phentermine by naive rats: effects of body weight and a
      food delivery schedule.
AB  - Food deprivation has been shown to increase intravenous self-administration of
      amphetamine and cocaine. In the present experiment, the response rates of four
      groups of eight rats for intravenous infusions of phentermine under free-feeding
      (FF) and 80% free-feeding weight (FFW) conditions in the presence and absence of
      a fixed time 1 min (FT-1) food delivery schedule, were compared with those of
      saline reinforced animals under identical conditions. The findings showed that:
      (1) Overall, response rates of phentermine-reinforced animals were significantly
      greater than were those of saline-reinforced animals; (2) 80% FFW animals self
      injected significantly greater amounts of phentermine than did FF animals; and
      (3) the operation of an FT-1 schedule failed to affect the rate of phentermine
      reinforced responding.

PMID- 4023025
TI  - Cathinone, cocaine and methamphetamine: similarity of behavioral effects.
AB  - The discriminative stimulus properties of (+/-)-cathinone were tested by training
      eight rats to discriminate between the interoceptive cues produced by 0.6 mg/kg
      (+/-)-cathinone and saline in a food-reinforced, two lever operant task. Doses of
      cocaine and methamphetamine were observed to transfer to the cathinone cue and
      all three drugs exhibited decreased discriminative performance with decreasing
      doses. The ED50 for (+/-)-cathinone, (+/-)-methamphetamine and cocaine were 0.23,
      0.17, and 1.97 mg/kg, respectively, and the three curves were shown to be
      parallel. These data indicate the possibility of a common mechanism/site of
      action for these three stimulants, presumably by their actions upon central
      dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 4023026
TI  - Behavioral responses of high and low active male rats to the chronic ingestion of
      desipramine.
AB  - Male rats arbitrarily selected for high and low motor activity (HA and LA-rats)
      were submitted to the chronic ingestion (30 days) of desipramine (DSP) in doses
      of about 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg/24 hr. Their motor activity was assessed in an animal
      activity monitor providing a measure of total horizontal movements and vertical
      movements and in a hole-board providing a measure of locomotion, head-dipping and
      grooming. There were significant differences between HA and LA-rats in their
      behavioral response to DSP treatment. At the doses used DSP did not affect
      horizontal and vertical movements and hole-board locomotion or exploration in HA
      rats (Experiment 1). In LA-rats, however (Experiment 2), these motor activities
      were significantly stimulated by DSP. Such effect was dose dependent; 1.5
      mg/kg/24 hr was ineffective while 6 mg/kg/24 hr produced a clear cut reversion of
      hypoactivity. It is speculated that DSP treatment increased resistance of LA-rats
      to the mild stress caused by testing.

PMID- 4023027
TI  - Opiate self-administration in adult offspring of methadone-treated female rats.
AB  - Chronic treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with methadone 5 mg/kg IP
      throughout gestation and lactation resulted in an increased oral self
      administration (S.A.) of morphine by their 85-90-day-old offspring. By day 16 of
      the S.A. treatment schedule methadone offspring were taking 75 to 80% of their
      total fluid intake as morphine solution when given a choice between morphine
      solution and water, while control offspring under the same conditions took 33% of
      their total fluids as morphine solution. When the subjects were again given a
      choice between water and morphine solution following a 12-day drug free period,
      methadone offspring drank a significantly greater percentage of morphine solution
      than controls. Methadone S.A. in methadone offspring was not different from
      controls. The reasons for this marked difference between morphine and methadone
      S.A. are not clear. However, it does appear that chronic maternal exposure to
      methadone may facilitate development of a morphine-S.A. behavior in their
      offspring.

PMID- 4023028
TI  - Acute soman effects in the juvenile baboon: effects on a match-to-sample
      discrimination task and on total blood acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - Male juvenile baboons, trained on a match-to-sample operant discrimination task,
      were given acute intramuscular injections of soman (methyl pinacolyl
      phosphonofluoridate) at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 micrograms/kg. The different
      doses were given in a mixed order just before a behavioral test session. Just
      prior to administration of each soman dose and immediately following the 2-hr
      behavioral test session, a sample of blood (0.5 ml) was drawn from the baboon and
      analyzed for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Thereafter, blood
      sampling was accomplished at weekly intervals and soman was administered again
      only when whole blood acetylcholinesterase reached at least 80% of pre-soman
      control level. Behavioral effects of soman included a slowing of response times,
      a decrease in extra inconsequential responses, a decrease in responsiveness to
      the visual stimuli and an increase in errors. These effects were observed when
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels fell to 25 mumoles/hr/ml blood or less. The
      threshold dose for behavioral effects was very close to the dose of soman which
      induced seizures.

PMID- 4023029
TI  - Dissociation of tolerance to the hypothermic and tachycardic effects of ethanol.
AB  - Tolerance to the cardioacceleratory and hypothermic effects of ethanol was
      studied in unanesthetized, freely-moving rats surgically implanted with EKG
      electrodes and biotelemetric temperature sensors. Different groups received 0.0,
      1,0 or 2.0 g ethanol/kg body weight in injections given every other day for a
      total of nine injections. Heart rate and body temperature were recorded for 1 hr
      before and 2 hr after each injection. Ethanol initially induced a monophasic dose
      related cardioacceleration (80 bpm) and hypothermia (1.0 degrees C) that
      persisted throughout the 2-hr sample period. Tolerance developed to the
      hypothermic, but not to the tachycardic effect of ethanol. Assuming that
      tolerance depends on level of impairment in specific neuronal pathways, this
      outcome suggests that these two effects of ethanol are not mediated through a
      common autonomic mechanism (e.g., vasomotor depression) and/or that tolerance to
      the hypothermic effect is due to alterations in pathways unique to the
      thermoregulatory system. Overall, the finding is consistent with those of studies
      showing development of tolerance to depressant, but not to excitatory drug
      effects.

PMID- 4023030
TI  - The influences of ethanol and other factors on the excretion of urinary
      salsolinol in social drinkers.
AB  - Salsolinol, a substance that may participate in the development of alcoholism,
      has been identified in urine and other biological samples from alcoholics.
      Differentials have been observed between alcoholics and controls. Salsolinol
      forms when dopamine reacts with acetaldehyde, which may exist in higher
      concentrations in the blood of alcoholics after alcohol ingestion. Hence, it was
      postulated that there is a relationship between level of social drinking and the
      elaboration of salsolinol. Salsolinol is also found in certain food and beverage
      products. Eighty volunteers, balanced for gender, social drinking level, ethanol
      dose administered and experimental diet provided urine samples 90 minutes and
      three hours after ethanol was consumed. Salsolinol levels were analysed in urine
      using high performance liquid chromatography. A 24 hour carryover effect was
      observed. Diet, ethanol dose and social drinking level had main and interactive
      effects on excreted quantities of salsolinol. Gender, situational stress and
      cigarette smoking had minor if any influence on salsolinol excretion. While there
      was no evident difference in amounts of salsolinol excreted by light and heavy
      drinkers in the absence of external sources of salsolinol, heavy social drinkers
      excreted less salsolinol than did light drinkers after consuming a "salsolinol
      enriched" diet, suggesting that they differ in some aspect of absorption,
      distribution, or metabolism of salsolinol after drinking ethanol. Accordingly,
      studies that attempt to determine whether salsolinol has any relationship to
      drinking behaviour in humans should be particularly concerned with salsolinol
      that occurs in exogenous sources.

PMID- 4023031
TI  - Skin penetration of minerals in psoriatics and guinea-pigs bathing in hypertonic
      salt solutions.
AB  - Penetration of electrolytes through the human skin was measured in healthy
      volunteers and in psoriatic patients after bathing in the Dead-Sea or in
      simulated bath-salt solutions. Significant increases in the levels of serum Br,
      Rb, Ca and Zn were noticed only in the psoriatic patients after daily bathing in
      the Dead-Sea for a 4-week regimen. Guinea-pigs "bathed" in simulated Dead-Sea
      bath-salt solutions containing radionuclides of Ca, Mg, K and Br. Traces of each
      radionuclide were detected in the blood and in some internal organs after 60
      minutes of bathing. The radionuclides showed a physiological pattern in their
      organ distribution. Even though the whole investigation was carried out in
      hypertonic solutions, there is a definite penetration of salts through healthy
      (human and guinea-pigs) and damaged (psoriatic) epidermis. This finding suggests
      that improvement of the psoriatic condition after bathing in the Dead-Sea, may be
      partly attributed (in addition to ultraviolet irradiation) to the minerals'
      effect on the psoriatic skin.

PMID- 4023032
TI  - Novel bis(5-arylamino-2-oxo-4-thiazolidinylidene)hydrazine derivatives as
      potential antineoplastic agents.
AB  - A new series of N,N'-bis(5-arylamino-3-benzyl-2-oxo-4
      thiazolidinylidene)hydrazine s has been prepared for potential anticancer
      activity. The synthesis was achieved by reacting 3-benzylthiazolidin-2-one-4
      thione with its 4-hydrazone derivative to give N,N'-bis(3-benzyl-2-oxo-4
      thiazolidinylidene)hydrazine, which was subjected to dibromination followed by
      reaction with various primary aromatic amines. Some compounds were evaluated
      against leukemia P 388 in the mouse. No significant antitumor activity was
      observed.

PMID- 4023033
TI  - Photochemical decomposition of phenazone derivatives. Part 7: Mechanism of
      decomposition in aqueous solutions.
AB  - Kinetic studies, supplemented by the isolation and identification of the products
      of decomposition, have proved the process of photochemical decomposition of
      phenazone derivatives to be a complex reaction, involving several successive
      parallel reactions, one of which is predominant depending on the concentration of
      the solution and the atmosphere above it. In an oxygen-free atmosphere and at low
      concentrations (10(-4) mol/dm3) decomposition is almost wholly the result of
      second photolysis of zero order to aziridine derivative----aniline----isonitrile.
      At higher concentrations (10(-3)-10(-2) mol/dm3), the contribution from the
      reaction of water photoaddition to the double bond C3-C4 increases. Whereas at
      concentrations of order greater than or equal to 10(-2) mol/dm3,
      photoisomerization to imidazole derivatives is predominant. In air, one onserves
      additionally a second reaction of photooxidation to 4-hydroxy-phenazone----1
      acetylo-1-methyl-2-phenyl-hydrazine, a reaction of photodemethylation at N2 with
      simultaneous oxidation to the 4-ketoderivative, and reactions of hydrolysis
      characteristic for the individual derivatives. The principal primary photolytic
      reaction for the group of compounds studied consists in cleavage of the N1-N2
      bond of the pyrazoline ring.

PMID- 4023034
TI  - Temperature effects on the binding efficiency of starch pastes.
AB  - The effect of temperature on the binding efficiency of yam starch and cassava
      starch pastes has been investigated. Starch pastes prepared at different
      temperatures were used to granulate lactose powder and the resulting granules and
      tablet properties were evaluated. Increased average granule size and decreased
      percentage fines were observed as the pasting temperature was increased upto a
      certain level and then there was a decrease in average size and increase in
      amount of fines as the pasting temperature was further increased. Granules
      prepared with yam starch pastes exhibited relatively lower amount of fines and
      larger average granule size. The corresponding tablets also showed higher
      crushing strength values and were less friable. Although the disintegration time
      of tablets was found to increase with the temperature of pasting of both the
      starches, no relationship between the pasting temperature and the crushing
      strength of tablets was observed. The release of amylose/amylopectin from starch
      grains, the amylopectin chain length and the amount of free molecular components
      as the pasting temperature increased are believed to be the factors contributing
      to the increased binding efficiency of the starch pastes.

PMID- 4023035
TI  - Studies on the release of solubilized drugs from ointment bases. Part 10:
      Modelling of the drug release process of chloramphenicol from emulsive ointments
      (W/O)--discussion.
AB  - A mathematical model has been analyzed for the liberation process of substances
      (chloramphenicol) from emulsive ointments (W/O). Limitarying approximations have
      been derived which are useful for practical calculations. These approximations
      have been elaborated for the following cases: since the mass transfer resistance
      of diffusing substance occurs in the continuous phase, since the mass transfer
      resistance occurs only in the dispersed phase, then the mass transfer resistance
      in both phases is comparable. Experimental investigations have been carried out
      for the liberation process of substances from emulsive ointments. A good
      qualitative agreement has been found between the theoretical projections and
      experimental results.

PMID- 4023036
TI  - Spectrofluorometric analysis in biological fluids of the dihydrochloride of (-)
      cis-2,8-dimethyl-2,3,4,4a,5,9b-hexahydro-1-H-pyrido[4,3b]indole (DH 1011), a
      prospective antiarrhythmic.

PMID- 4023037
TI  - Determination of vitamin A and E in pharmaceutical preparations by HPLC method.

PMID- 4023038
TI  - [The effect of water structure on cyclodextrin inclusion and light sensitivity of
      epinephrine].

PMID- 4023039
TI  - [Oxidation of phenothiazine and its N-methyl derivative by the combination of
      iodobenzene and vanadium acetylacetonate].

PMID- 4023040
TI  - [Sterilization--thermal procedures. 3. Hot air sterilization, flame application,
      chemothermic methods, combined methods].

PMID- 4023041
TI  - Effect of reduced calcium on lysophosphatidylcholine-induced cardiac arrhythmias.
AB  - Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) had recently been shown to accumulate in the
      ischemic heart and was demonstrated to be arrhythmogenic in perfused hearts. The
      present study was designed to examine the effects of calcium and verapamil on LPC
      induced arrhythmias. Rat hearts were perfused through the aorta with oxygenated
      Krebs-Henseleit buffer at 37 degrees C. The occurrence of ventricular
      fibrillation was dependent on the LPC concentration and perfusion time. In
      subsequent experiments, each heart was perfused with a buffer containing 20
      microM LPC for 3 min and was followed with a 10 min washout period. Ventricular
      fibrillation occurred in all 8 control experiments. When the Ca2+ concentration
      was reduced to half, only 3 out of 8 hearts fibrillated. In the presence of 0.2
      mg/1 of verapamil, 7 out of 9 hearts fibrillated, and the time to fibrillation
      was not increased significantly by verapamil. These results suggest that calcium
      may be important in LPC-induced arrhythmias, and this effect is not significantly
      attenuated by the Ca2+ antagonist, verapamil.

PMID- 4023042
TI  - Effect of diltiazem on in vitro rabbit bladder function.
AB  - The relationship between extracellular calcium and urinary bladder function was
      investigated by studying the effect of the specific calcium antagonist diltiazem
      on the functional ability of the in vitro whole rabbit urinary bladder to empty
      in response to pharmacological stimulation. The bladder was found to require an
      extracellular calcium concentration of 4.5 X 10(-4) M to elicit near complete
      cholinergic-mediated emptying. Diltiazem (1 X 10(-6) - 1 X 10(-4) M) inhibition
      of bladder function was competitively antagonized by increasing the extracellular
      calcium concentration (0.45 X 10(-4) - 3.6 X 10(-4) M). In the absence of
      diltiazem, alterations in the extracellular calcium concentration between 0.45 X
      10(-4) and 3.6 X 10(-4) M had no significant effects on bladder response to
      bethanechol. KCl-mediated bladder emptying was significantly more sensitive to
      diltiazem inhibition than was bethanechol-stimulated emptying. Even at the
      intermediate diltiazem concentration of 1 X 10(-5) M, increasing the
      extracellular calcium concentration did not completely reverse the inhibitory
      effect of diltiazem on bladder response to KC1. These findings are consistent
      with the hypothesis that diltiazem at low concentrations may inhibit
      extracellular calcium influx while at higher concentrations translocation of
      intracellular stores of calcium may be inhibited as well. The study also suggests
      that diltiazem is capable of inhibiting urinary bladder function and deserves
      further consideration as a possible therapeutic agent in certain forms of urinary
      bladder dysfunction.

PMID- 4023043
TI  - Pulmonary cytochromes P-450 from rabbits treated with phenobarbital.
AB  - Pretreatment of rabbits with phenobarbital caused significant increases in total
      pulmonary cytochrome P-450 content, benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase and 7
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities and to a lesser extent in benzphetamine N
      demethylase activity in lung microsomes. However, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase
      activity was not significantly altered. In addition, the pulmonary concentration
      of the cytochrome P-450-metyrapone complex was increased significantly. Column
      chromatography of the pulmonary monooxygenases demonstrated that in untreated and
      phenobarbital-treated rabbits, cytochromes P-450I and P-450II constituted the
      major forms of cytochrome P-450 isozymes. In addition, the chromatographic
      studies showed that pretreatment with phenobarbital caused an increase in the
      content of cytochrome P-450I, but not of cytochrome P-450II. These observations
      were confirmed by subjecting the pulmonary cytochromes to gel electrophoresis,
      and staining of the gels for protein and heme.

PMID- 4023044
TI  - Effects of morphine and naloxone on restraint-stress ulcers in rats.
AB  - Rats were starved for 24 h. Morphine sulphate (1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg i.p.) or
      naloxone-HCl (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg i.p.) was administered prior to 3 h of cold
      restraint stress. Morphine at 4.0 mg/kg significantly reduced the ulcer severity
      relative to saline-injected controls and to naloxone-treated rats. Naloxone
      increased the ulcer incidence and ulcer severity when compared to controls and
      morphine-treated rats. These results suggest that endogenous opioids released
      during stress may attenuate the pathological effects of stress.

PMID- 4023045
TI  - Cholecystokinin-induced hypothermia: possible involvement of serotoninergic
      mechanisms in the rat hypothalamus.
AB  - The thermal effects of rats which were pretreated with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine to
      deplete hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or with a 5-HT receptor blocker
      to intrahypothalamic administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) were compared with
      those of control rats. The CCK-induced hypothermic response was attenuated by
      pretreatment of the rats with either hypothalamic 5-HT depletion or receptor
      blockade. The reduction in the CCK hypothermia in the treated rats was due to the
      reduction of metabolic and vasomotor response. The data indicate that CCK may act
      on a 5-HT pathway within the hypothalamus to induce its hypothermia by promoting
      a reduction in metabolic heat production and an enhancement in heat loss in rats.

PMID- 4023046
TI  - Phentolamine and rat aortic smooth muscle responsiveness to potassium chloride,
      isoproterenol and norepinephrine.
AB  - Rat aortic smooth muscle responsiveness to potassium chloride and isoproterenol
      in the presence of the alpha-adrenergic blocker phentolamine was investigated. A
      A significant decrease in the response of the vascular smooth muscle of aorta to
      low concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl; 8-12 mM) in the presence of
      phentolamine was observed. However, no effect of phentolamine was seen at KCl
      concentrations greater than 16 mM. Isoproterenol-induced relaxation was
      significantly increased in aortic smooth muscle incubated with phentolamine.
      Phentolamine also attenuated the contraction induced by high concentrations of
      isoproterenol. No long-lasting effect of the alpha-adrenergic blocker was
      apparent since the response to norepinephrine was not altered following a 1-hour
      washout of phentolamine after the isoproterenol dose-response curve. The results
      of this study suggest that: (i) phentolamine has no long-lasting effects on rat
      aortic smooth muscle; (ii) since the rat thoracic aorta has a sparse adrenergic
      innervation, the decrease in responsiveness to KCl in the presence of
      phentolamine is most likely due to a nonspecific effect on the vascular smooth
      muscle as opposed to blocking the effects of norepinephrine released from
      adrenergic nerve terminals, and (iii) the increased relaxation response to
      isoproterenol may be due to a blockade of the alpha-receptors activated by
      isoproterenol.

PMID- 4023047
TI  - Altered vascular reactivity in the rabbit during hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Rabbits were fed a 0.6% cholesterol diet (HC) for 4, 6 or 8 weeks. Age- and sex
      matched controls (C) were fed rabbit chow. Isometric contractions with cumulative
      doses of norepinephrine (NE), histamine (HIS) and serotonin (5-HT) were measured
      in isolated aortic rings. Serum cholesterol levels in female HC animals increased
      approximately 19, 20 and 25 times control values, and male HC animals increased
      approximately 17, 20 and 18 times control values after 4, 6 and 8 weeks,
      respectively. In the present study, altered vascular responsiveness during
      hypercholesterolemia was demonstrated in isolated vessels with major changes
      occurring after 4 weeks. Female HC rabbits exhibited increased maximal responses
      to all agents tested and were greater than male HC rabbits. Male HC rabbits had
      increased maximal responses to NE and HIS but not 5-HT. Significant changes were
      also observed in both male and female HC animals at 6 and 8 weeks, however these
      were somewhat attenuated when compared to 4-week HC animals. These results
      suggest that changes in vascular responsiveness due to hypercholesterolemia can
      be demonstrated very early after the onset of hypercholesterolemia and can be
      demonstrated in isolated vessels bathed in cholesterol-free media.

PMID- 4023048
TI  - Effect of dilazep on coronary and systemic circulations.
AB  - In order to assess the effects of dilazep on central hemodynamics and regional
      flows, 0.2 mg/kg of the drug were administered intravenously to 6 open-chest
      anesthetized dogs. Hemodynamic and flow measurements were performed under control
      conditions, and approximately 5, 10 and 25 min after treatment. Dilazep caused a
      marked and sustained reduction of coronary resistance and increased coronary
      blood flow. Flow increased uniformly in the subendocardial and subepicardial
      layers of the left ventricle so that no significant change occurred in the
      endo/epi flow ratio. Dilazep caused a significant reduction of total systemic
      resistance and aortic pressure, however flow to the liver, kidney and spleen was
      not reduced. We conclude that dilazep exerts a dilating action on the coronary
      and systemic arterial beds and increases uniformly regional myocardial blood
      flow. Dilazep does not alter the transmural distribution of coronary blood flow
      and does not impair kidney, liver and spleen perfusion.

PMID- 4023049
TI  - A common single binding site for many psychotropic drugs on human alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein. Therapeutically relevant observation?

PMID- 4023050
TI  - Single oral dose pharmacokinetics of amitriptylinoxide and amitriptyline in
      humans.
AB  - Eleven healthy volunteers were examined in a pharmacokinetic study. After oral
      administration of 50 mg amitriptylinoxide or 50 mg amitriptyline the plasma
      levels of amitriptylinoxide and its main metabolites amitriptyline and
      nortriptyline were investigated over 24 hours. The results indicate that
      amitriptylinoxide is more rapidly absorbed than amitriptyline and eliminated with
      a mean half-life of 1.5 hours. The change with time in the levels of
      amitriptyline formed from the oxide is similar to that of amitriptyline after
      ingestion of amitriptyline. However, the plasma concentration of
      amitriptylinoxide, reflected by the area under the time curve (AUC), exceeds that
      of its metabolite amitriptyline twelvefold.

PMID- 4023051
TI  - The AMDP system for the documentation of psychiatric symptoms: course and
      effectivity of a training seminar.
AB  - In an AMDP training seminar on psychopathology, the possible learning effects
      were studied. Eighteen psychiatrists with varying levels of experience saw five
      video tapes of patient explorations within one and one-half days. The first and
      the last tape were identical. This enables a comparison of the ratings of these
      two tapes. The extent to which the raters agreed with regard to the frequencies
      of the AMDP items was examined both in relation to "present"-"absent" as well as
      with regard to the severity. The interrater reliability clearly increased in the
      course of the training. This increase was greater with the inexperienced raters
      than with the experienced group. The greatest change between the first and the
      last rating occurred between "mild" and "absent", thus indicating a threshold
      problem in the assessment of psychopathological symptoms.

PMID- 4023052
TI  - Dielectric properties of mammalian brain tissue between 1 and 18 GHz.
AB  - A newly developed frequency domain technique was used to measure the dielectric
      properties of white matter, grey matter and macerated rabbit brain at 20 and 37
      degrees C. An analysis of the data showed that between 1 and 4 GHz there were
      substantial contributions from processes other than the gamma dispersion.
      However, above 7.5 GHz it appeared that mainly free water was relaxing although
      evidence of a small spread of relaxation times was found for the bulk water in
      the white matter. Mouse and rat brain were also measured but no significant
      differences were found between the species. The quantity of bound water was
      estimated but there was no evidence of a difference in the amount between either
      the tissues or the temperatures.

PMID- 4023053
TI  - Geometrical factors in the cardiac nuclear probe.
AB  - The design of the collimator for the assessment of left ventricular function with
      a non-imaging detector is considered. When certain simplifying assumptions are
      made concerning the distribution of the background and the ventricular activity,
      the statistical variation in the calculated ventricular count rate is examined
      for various detector-collimator combinations. For detectors with sufficient
      diameter to give reasonably low counting errors it is shown that the focused
      multihole type of collimator is preferable and the optimum parameters of this are
      given. It is shown that when the simplifying assumptions are relaxed there is
      still a preference for the use of a focused multihole collimator.

PMID- 4023054
TI  - Texture analysis in radionuclide tomographic liver imaging.
AB  - In clinical trials assessing the value of radionuclide tomographic liver imaging
      there has been no significant increase in diagnostic accuracy when conventional
      views have been viewed with tomographic images. In an effort to increase the
      diagnostic value of tomography, we have applied some simple methods of texture
      analysis to both phantom and patient tomograms in order to quantify different
      uptake patterns. Three algorithms were used which look at the differences between
      a pixel and its near neighbours. In phantom experiments, the variation of image
      texture with image noise was quantified. Accurate values of texture were obtained
      for images of the phantom containing various sizes of cold spots. Detection
      limits were then calculated for the different sizes of cold spots. It was found
      that 1.5 cm cold spots could be detected with a collection time of approximately
      25 min, the usual collection time for livers being 20 min. The theoretical
      detection limits were checked experimentally and found to agree well with
      experimental values. A preliminary clinical survey was made applying texture
      analysis to eight images from normal livers and eight from abnormal (metastatic)
      livers. Although the sample was small, good separation between normals and
      abnormals was obtained.

PMID- 4023055
TI  - The influence of oxygenation on the 19F spin-lattice relaxation rates of fluosol
      DA.
AB  - The spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) were measured at 94.1 MHz for six peaks
      in the 19F NMR spectrum of the perfluorochemical blood substitute fluosol-DA,
      which contains a mixed emulsion of perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine.
      Each of these rates increased linearly with the percentage of oxygen dissolved in
      the emulsion. Relative values of the linear increase for different peaks
      established that, for perfluorotripropylamine in the mixed emulsion, the oxygen
      fluorocarbon interaction is loosely but preferentially oriented in a manner
      similar to that previously established for other pure fluorocarbons. The
      uncertainty in the oxygen level estimated from T1 measurements is somewhat less
      than 5% O2 and it is thus established that quantitative non-invasive oxygenation
      measurements can be made to sufficient precision by this approach, using fluosol
      DA and 19F spin-lattice relaxation.

PMID- 4023056
TI  - Indicator dilution approach to NMR signal-flow curves.
AB  - An indicator dilution model for the dependence of NMR signal on flow rate is
      presented. The model explains the enhancement in NMR signal observed at low flow
      rates and the reduction in NMR signal at high flow rates. It also produces an
      excellent fit to original NMR flow data, which are also presented.

PMID- 4023057
TI  - Cardiac response to pulsed magnetic fields with regard to safety in NMR imaging.

PMID- 4023058
TI  - The problem of tissue equivalence in negative pion dosimetry.

PMID- 4023059
TI  - The selection of stopping power and mass energy absorption coefficient data for
      the HPA Code of Practice for dosimetry.

PMID- 4023060
TI  - Hyperthermia dough: a fat and bone equivalent phantom to test
      microwave/radiofrequency hyperthermia heating systems.

PMID- 4023061
TI  - An x-ray collimator design for raster scanning geometries.

PMID- 4023062
TI  - Effect of intermittent, supine cervical traction on the myoelectric activity of
      the upper trapezius muscle in subjects with neck pain.
AB  - This study was undertaken to compare the myoelectric activity of the upper
      trapezius muscle before, during, and after intermittent, supine cervical
      traction. Twelve people with diagnosed disease or injury of the cervical spine
      served as subjects. Electromyographic recordings were taken from the upper
      trapezius muscle with bipolar surface electrodes. The subjects were treated with
      20 minutes of intermittent, cervical traction at a force of 8% of their body
      weight. Recordings were taken with the subjects in the supine position before the
      traction, during one pull and release phase of the 10th and 20th minutes of
      traction, and after completion of the traction treatment. An analysis of variance
      with repeated measures showed no significant differences in the myoelectrical
      activity during the six time periods measured. The results of this study do not
      support the clinical use of intermittent, supine traction to produce cervical
      muscle relaxation.

PMID- 4023063
TI  - Biomechanical comparison of rising from two types of chairs.
AB  - This study compared the joint moments and ranges of motion of healthy subjects
      and patients during rising from a standard chair with a seat height of 0.43 m and
      a specially designed chair (E-Z Up Artherapedic Chair) with a seat height of 0.64
      m. Ten healthy male subjects and four male patients with lower extremity
      disabilities rose from each chair with and without the use of their upper
      extremities. Hip, knee, and ankle joint moments and angles were calculated with
      film analysis and force plate data. An analysis of variance with repeated
      measures showed the following results for the healthy subjects: 1) no effect of
      upper extremity use on joint angles, 2) no effect of chair type on ankle joint
      angles or moments, 3) significantly smaller hip and knee flexion angles with use
      of the E-Z chair than of the standard chair (p less than .05), and 4)
      significantly smaller hip and knee extension moments with use of the E-Z chair
      than of the standard chair (p less than .05) or with use of the upper
      extremities. Similar results were found with the four disabled subjects. Use of
      the E-Z chair can significantly decrease the joint moments and ranges of motion
      needed at the hip and knee and thus make rising from a chair less stressful to
      these joints.

PMID- 4023064
TI  - Effects of clinical infrared laser on superficial radial nerve conduction.
AB  - The purposes of this study were to demonstrate the effects of infrared laser
      radiation on the sensory nerve conduction of a specified peripheral nerve in man
      and determine temperature changes in the tissue surrounding the treated nerve.
      Twenty healthy adults were divided into three groups: control (n = 5);
      experimental (n = 10), infrared laser radiation at 20 sec/cm2; and experimental
      (n = 5), infrared laser radiation treatment at 120 sec/cm2. Antidromic sensory
      nerve conduction studies were performed on the superficial radial nerve of each
      subject's right forearm. The infrared laser radiation was applied at a fixed
      intensity for five 1-cm2 segments. Latency, amplitude, and temperature
      measurements were recorded pretest; posttest; and posttest intervals of 1, 3, 5,
      10, and 15 minutes. An analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to
      examine the data. No significant change was noted in the distal sensory latency
      or amplitude of the evoked sensory potential in either experimental or control
      groups as a result of the applications of the infrared laser radiation treatment.
      This study demonstrates that infrared laser used at clinically applied
      intensities does not alter conduction of sensory nerves nor does it elevate the
      subcutaneous temperature.

PMID- 4023065
TI  - Effects of selected assistive devices on normal distance gait characteristics.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of selected assistive
      devices on normal standards of gait. The gait characteristics of stride length,
      step length, step width, and foot angle were analyzed for 24 right-dominant,
      healthy men under four conditions: right ankle-foot orthosis (AFO), right
      hemiplegic arm sling (HAS), both devices (AFO+HAS), and no devices. The dependent
      variables were measured by a standard method from ink traces left by subjects
      walking on newsprint. Order of conditions was controlled, and cadence remained
      consistent across all four conditions for each subject. The AFO and AFO+HAS
      conditions produced statistically significant changes from normal gait
      characteristics. The HAS alone did not produce significant changes. Data from the
      study may be used as a basis for goal setting and as a guideline for the optimal
      level of function possible for a person wearing these devices. The extent of the
      patient's orthopedic and neurologic involvement should of course be considered.

PMID- 4023066
TI  - The relationship of heel contact in ascent and descent from jumps to the
      incidence of shin splints in ballet dancers.
AB  - I conducted a study to determine whether ballet dancers with a history of shin
      splints make heel contact on ascent and descent from jumps less often than
      dancers without this history. Sixteen dancers were filmed as they executed a
      sequence of jumps at two different speeds. Eight of the subjects had a history of
      shin-splint pain; eight had no such history. The film was viewed on a Super 8
      movie projector. Heel contacts on ascent and descent from jumps were counted.
      Double heel strikes (heel rise between landing and pushing off) were also
      counted. A nonparametric t test showed no differences between the two groups in
      the number of contacts on ascent or descent. The dancers with a history of shin
      splints, however, demonstrated more double heel strikes (p = .02) than the other
      group. Clinically, this finding may represent a lack of control or a tight
      Achilles tendon or both. Further study is necessary to confirm these theories.
      For treatment and prevention of shin splints, a clinician must evaluate a
      dancer's jumping technique and then provide systematic training to develop the
      skin strength, flexibility, and coordination that make up control.

PMID- 4023067
TI  - One method for assessing the effectiveness of fast brushing.
AB  - The purposes of this study were to determine if fast brushing of the skin
      overlying a muscle is effective in increasing the sensitivity of the stretch
      reflex of that muscle and to detect the optimal rate and duration of brushing to
      elicit this effect in healthy adults. The stretch sensitivity of the right
      lateral gastrocnemius muscle was measured by EMG activity and force produced by
      the abrupt tap of the Achilles tendon before and after fast brushing. Peak-to
      peak EMG and force from 10 taps were established. Eight different conditions (two
      control and six experimental brushing) were applied to 10 healthy adult subjects
      (age range, 30 to 46 years). The experimental conditions included rotary brushing
      at 5 Hz, 180 Hz, or 360 Hz for 5 seconds or at 5 Hz, 180 Hz, or 360 Hz for 30
      seconds. Postbrushing taps began 30 seconds after the brush was turned off and
      continued every 5 minutes for 30 minutes. This method of fast brushing did not
      increase the stretch sensitivity of the muscle in healthy adults. Possible
      factors influencing the results of the study and recommendations for future
      studies are presented.

PMID- 4023069
TI  - Unilateral traction in conjunction with heat modalities, proper positioning, and
      exercises for a herniated nucleus pulposus. A case report.

PMID- 4023068
TI  - Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome. A clinical report.
AB  - We have presented two clinical case reports of patients with TMJ dysfunction
      syndrome as an example of coordinated treatments between dentists and physical
      therapists. The clinical profiles of these patients with craniocervical pain were
      compiled from comprehensive physical therapy and dental-orthopedic evaluations.
      The significance of the relationship between the rest position of the mandible
      and forward head posture has been shown by the changes observed after correction
      of the postural deviations and vertical resting dimensions by dental treatments
      and physical therapy. Additional research is necessary to determine long-term
      effects of this combined approach in TMJ dysfunction syndrome.

PMID- 4023070
TI  - Beyond lecture and laboratory in the physical therapy classroom.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to describe how two teaching models, the Inquiry
      Training Model and the Simulation Model, have been adapted for use in the
      physical therapy classroom. To help students synthesize the various physical
      therapy skills they were learning, variations of the Inquiry Training Model and
      the Simulation Model were used in addition to standard lectures and laboratories
      to teach the Evaluation Unit to junior level physical therapy students. The
      feedback obtained at the end of each class from both students and faculty members
      indicated that the learning experiences were considered both helpful and fun.
      This article summarizes the important components of the Inquiry Training Model
      and the Simulation Model. I recommend learning experiences based on these models
      to augment lecture and laboratory classes.

PMID- 4023071
TI  - Nuclear shifting.

PMID- 4023072
TI  - Children's cycle times.

PMID- 4023073
TI  - [Franco-British colloquium on phlebology. Chichester, 26-28 April 1984].

PMID- 4023075
TI  - [Sclerotherapy].

PMID- 4023074
TI  - [The swollen leg. Edemas of venous origin].

PMID- 4023076
TI  - [Venous ulcers].

PMID- 4023077
TI  - [The swollen leg. Lymphedema].

PMID- 4023078
TI  - [Static disorders or venous pathology of the foot?].
AB  - Three types of disorder observed in the foot may have either a mechanical or a
      vascular aetiology. They are: A) Painful or tired legs, caused by: eversion,
      inversion or arch collapse of one or both feet. TREATMENT: corrective or
      compensatory soles depending on the joint mobility and the integrity of the skin.
      B) Metatarsalgia due to static disorders, incorrect shoes or vascular disorders.
      TREATMENT: orthopaedic soles, appropriate shoes. C) Burning pain in the toes
      exacerbated by heat, relieved by cold, due to claw or lateral deformity of the
      toes or compression of the forefoot and toes (shoes, stockings). TREATMENT:
      appropriate shoes, protective or corrective orthoplasties.

PMID- 4023079
TI  - [Value of vascular function tests in complicated venous pathology].
AB  - The authors define their approach to vascular function tests (VFT) and the
      situations in which they may be useful in the diagnosis of complicated,
      associated or secondary venous disease. They present various pathological cases
      (superficial phlebitis, swollen leg, calf pain, deep venous obstruction syndrome,
      intermittent claudication, subacute ischaemia, trophic disorders). In general,
      VFT are able to: demonstrate the haemodynamic signs of venous stasis, recognise
      and analyse the various forms of diabetic angiopathy and quantify the degree of
      ischaemia in the presence of PVD associated with venous symptoms. VFT are
      particularly useful when the problems to be studied have been carefully defined
      by means of a thorough clinical examination.

PMID- 4023080
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems posed by the association of arterial disease
      and chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs].
AB  - The association of arterial disease and chronic venous insufficiency of the lower
      limbs poses a number of diagnostic and therapeutic problems. It is useful to
      define, at the time of diagnosis, which patients are suitable for further
      investigations (vascular function tests, angiography), in order to able to
      demonstrate the predominant pathophysiological disorder. The combination or these
      two diseases may influence the treatment modalities.

PMID- 4023081
TI  - [The anterior saphenous veins of the thigh].
AB  - The authors base their argument on a homogeneous series of 75 patients who, in
      the course of crossectomies and the stripping of the long saphenousvein carried
      out by the authors, were given a puncture-phlebectomy of the accessory anterior
      saphenous vein or veins. Firstly they analyse the clinical characteristics of the
      incompetence of these veins in the 75 patients. Then, in the discussion, they
      carry out a closer study of the anterior saphenous veins in the thigh, which have
      their own anatomical, physiopathological, clinical, and therapeutic
      characteristics. Without mistaking the role of complementary sclerosis in these
      cases, they affirm that reliable results are more difficult to obtain with this
      sort of vein and they suggest peroperative puncture phlebectomy as the results of
      this seem very encouraging.

PMID- 4023082
TI  - [Venous ligation in ambulatory patients].
AB  - The author here suggests a simple treatment not of the varicose illness but of
      the main functional symptomatology especially affecting old people, who, too
      often, are negligent or neglected. By means of a simple ligation, under local
      anaesthetic, of a long saphenous vein below the saphenofemoral junction, it is
      possible to achieve the rapid treatment of trophic disorders such as ulceration
      or major varicose ectasia. The one thing that counts here is the idea of a short
      term result, and the average three-and-a-half weeks healing time for the ulcers
      studied attests to this. The indications involve about 2% of the population and
      apply especially to old people who either refuse to be operated on or wouldn't
      benefit by surgery. However, this method is still an exceptional therapeutic
      solution.

PMID- 4023083
TI  - [A new case of impotence after stripping].
AB  - Impotence following venous stripping has been rarely reported in the French of
      Anglo-Saxon literature. The authors report a new case, which was investigated by
      means of a full psychological, clinical and paraclinical survey. The aetiology
      appears to be related to the intra-operative ligation of the external pudendal
      artery, an hypothesis which has already been proposed, but without any objective
      evidence. The authors describe, for the first time, a simple and original
      methodology of selective compression to be performed routinely during Doppler
      flow studies of the penile arteries, which greatly increases the quality and the
      reliability of the information obtained.

PMID- 4023084
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the media and biochemistry of the intercellular substance of
      the wall of varicose veins].
AB  - A description using electronic microscope examinations the ultrastructural
      modifications affecting myocytes and the intercellular substance of the walls of
      varicose veins. They also have an effect on the biochemical composition of the
      intercellular substance.

PMID- 4023085
TI  - [Bone and vascular injuries of the popliteal fossa. Apropos of 21 cases].
AB  - The authors report twenty-one cases of bony and vascular trauma of the popliteal
      fossa. The first step in the appropriate treatment of these lesions is to be
      aware of the associations of the two types of lesion, independent of the degree
      of bony damage; an isolated dislocation may be associated with a sub-adventitial
      rupture of the popliteal artery. Surgical treatment consists of bony fixation
      followed by vascular repair, which requires autologous popliteo-popliteal or
      femoro-popliteal venous by-pass grafts in 90 per cent of cases. This repair
      should concern both the artery and the vein, as the immediate prognosis depends
      on the complete repair of both vessels. The immediate results essentially depend
      on the nature of the traumatic aetiology: gunshot wounds, or motor vehicle
      accidents, and on the quality of the vascular repair. The long term prognosis
      depends on the quality of the orthopaedic treatment. In every case, the classical
      reputation of the severity of such associated lesions is fully justified.

PMID- 4023086
TI  - [Drug therapy of venous insufficiency].
AB  - Venous pharmacotherapy is a subject which, up to now, has not been submitted to
      rigorous scientific investigation as we currently lack in vivo observation
      methods. We can oppose direct actions stemming from sympathic stimulation and
      tissular mediators to the indirect actions of the substances which affect the
      arteriolar circulation or arterio-venous anastomoses. Anthocyanosides are amongst
      the most important of all the drugs acting on the permeability of the membrane.
      Dihydroergotamine, which has revived old controversies about the vegetative
      innervation of vein walls, has proved to have an increasing effect on venous
      pressure in clinostatism. We have ourselves witnessed this venotonic action of
      subjects in the supine position. In an upright position there have not been any
      reactions of hypertension, perhaps because of the hypertonic effect obtained
      naturally from the bard receptors which prevail on the pharmacological effect.

PMID- 4023087
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis and therapy of ulcers of the lower limbs].
AB  - The authors assess the pathogenic causes of leg-ulcers which all have as a common
      denominator chronic venous incompetence. It is vital to have a correct
      identification of prevention of frequent relapse as well as cure. The authors
      suggest their strategy of topic treatment which, despite its simplicity and
      economy, has never proved unsuccessful.

PMID- 4023088
TI  - [Indications for surgical and sclerosing treatment of varices of the lower
      limbs].
AB  - The authors consider the usefulness of sclerosing varicose veins in the lower
      limbs according to tournay's classic teaching, and in accordance with their
      basically surgical orientation, they try to classify a series of absolute
      indications for the surgical treatment, and a second series of analogous
      indications for the sclerosant treatment. Since the treatment of varicose veins
      does not come into effect all at once, the two methods - surgical and sclerosant 
      can be usefully combined.

PMID- 4023089
TI  - Results of studies of potential light spectrum effects on human performance.

PMID- 4023090
TI  - In vivo protective effect of beta-carotene against psoralen phototoxicity.

PMID- 4023091
TI  - Experience with the temporoparietal fascial free flap.
AB  - The temporoparietal fascia is an ideal tissue source for free transfer to distant
      sites where ultrathin coverage is either desirable or mandatory. The fascia's
      dependable vascular anatomy facilitates the technical aspects of microvascular
      transfer by means of its large vessels, ample pedicle, and ability to be grafted
      on either side. Furthermore, this highly vascular tissue is available in
      surprisingly large quantities, and its donor scar is hidden in the hair. The
      authors have found this flap useful (1) in covering exposed bone and tendon
      without adding unwanted bulk, (2) in providing thin flap coverage or lining in
      major facial reconstruction, (3) in covering vital structures such as exposed
      nerves and vessels, (4) in providing neovascularity both as a recipient graft bed
      and for control of chronic infection, and (5) in reestablishing gliding-tendon
      mechanisms. The authors have successfully employed this free flap in 15 cases
      which involved deformities of the ankle, foot, Achilles tendon, forearm, hand,
      nose, and contralateral ear and scalp. Seven cases are utilized to illustrate the
      broad application of this unique and versatile free flap.

PMID- 4023092
TI  - Esthesioneuroblastoma: treatment of skull-base recurrence.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with esthesioneuroblastoma are reviewed. The presentation of
      the tumor, symptomatology, investigation, and treatment are discussed. A
      recommended treatment regimen is outlined. Histologic typing is valueless in
      predicting tumor behavior. An illustrative and difficult case of recurrent base
      of skull esthesioneuroblastoma is presented. The resection performed is
      described, and the problem of extradural oropharyngeal communication is
      discussed. The solution was to use a temporalis and galeal frontalis flap.
      Reconstruction was with an external and intraoral prosthesis. Optimal treatment
      in a fresh lesion is radical surgery with or without radiation therapy.
      Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare and often misdiagnosed malignant tumor of the
      olfactory epithelium. Originally described by Bergen et al. in 1924 as
      "esthesioneuroepithelioma olfactif," it was introduced into the North American
      literature by Schall and Lineback in 1951. Since then, fewer than 200 cases have
      been collected. The various terms used to describe it--olfactory
      esthesioneuroblastoma, esthesioneurocytoma, and olfactory neuroblastoma--all
      denote origin from the neural crest. The sensory nerves of smell are short
      bundles of fibers that originate in the olfactory bulb and pass through the
      cribriform plate to the olfactory area of the nasal mucosa. This mucosa is
      located in the most superior part of both nasal fossae. Thus the usual primary
      sites of occurrence include the superior nasal cavity or nasal septum, and
      turbinates, the ethmoid, or the cribriform plate, although an extranasal site of
      origin has been suggested. Symptoms are usually progressive and range from nasal
      obstruction or epistaxis to diplopia, ocular pain, and headaches in the more
      advanced disease state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4023093
TI  - Trigonocephaly: refinements in reconstruction. Experience with 33 patients.
AB  - Thirty-three consecutive patients with metopic synostosis treated between January
      of 1980 and June of 1984 are presented. All patients underwent craniofacial
      reconstruction by an interdisciplinary team utilizing a detailed remodeling of
      the supraorbital rims and forehead. Advantages of the current modifications are
      discussed, as well as an analysis of the results. We believe this represents a
      significant advance over previous methods not only because of the superior
      cosmetic results achieved, but also because of its safety and reproducibility.
      Reoperation rate was less than 10 percent overall and was necessary only in
      patients with complex cranial vault abnormalities. Mean follow-up was 22.8
      months, with no deaths, infections, or damage to visual or cerebral function.
      Postoperative head circumference demonstrated an immediate increase followed by a
      normal growth curve.

PMID- 4023095
TI  - Midline cervical cleft.
AB  - Midline cervical cleft is a rare congenital anomaly of the ventral neck. A series
      of 12 cases of midline cervical clefts over a 30-year period is reported. This
      anomaly is part of a spectrum of midline branchiogenic syndromes resulting from
      abnormal migration of cells derived from the branchial arches. The preferred
      operative correction requires complete excision of the cleft with its underlying
      fibrous cord and closure with multiple Z-plasties.

PMID- 4023094
TI  - Oblique facial clefts: pathology, etiology, and reconstruction.
AB  - Modern views on embryology have increased our understanding of the nature of
      oblique facial clefts. The anomalies that have their origin at the junction of
      facial processes, such as the nasomaxillary dysplasias, may be named primary
      clefts or transformation. The maxillary clefts that are due to a developmental
      arrest of the skeleton are in fact secondary defects of differentiation defects.
      The teratology of these malformations is discussed, and attention is drawn to the
      amniotic rupture syndrome as a possible cause. All these clefts are rare, their
      incidence ranging from 0.75 to 5.4 per 1000 common clefts. This author has been
      involved in the treatment of nine of these patients. Four had their malformation
      reconstructed with one of the conventional procedures described in the
      literature, but the results, although initially acceptable, soon deteriorated. A
      more aggressive approach was therefore chosen. Rotation and advancement of the
      cheek proved to be extremely effective and is now advocated as the procedure of
      choice. The transposition of a median forehead flap is considered an excellent
      alternative. Use of these procedures in five patients is reported. There were no
      complications.

PMID- 4023096
TI  - Speech results after bilateral osteotomy surgery for cleft palate: a review of
      413 patients.
AB  - Patients records of those who had received the bilateral osteotomy surgical
      procedure for cleft palate were studied. There were 413 records available for
      review. Patients evaluated by a speech/language pathologist numbered 226. The
      other 137 patients were evaluated either by a school speech/language pathologist
      or by the plastic surgeon. An additional 50 records could not be used. Patients
      were 18 to 24 months through 35 years of age. The results revealed that 81.5
      percent of the patients demonstrated normal or near normal resonance quality. Two
      additional positive aspects of the procedure are that the risk of postpuberty
      maxillary retrusion is reduced, and palatal length is increased. It is, however,
      a disadvantage that considerable training and experience are essential in order
      that the surgeon can successfully use the osteotomy. Based on a review of the
      literature and findings of this study, it appears that the speech results for
      bilateral osteotomy palate closure are comparable with and in some cases better
      than the results reported on smaller populations.

PMID- 4023097
TI  - The subunit principle in nasal reconstruction.
AB  - The nasal surface is made up of several concave and convex surfaces separated
      from one another by ridges and valleys. Gonzalez-Ulloa has designated the nose an
      aesthetic unit of the face. These smaller parts (tip, dorsum, sidewalls, alar
      lobules, and soft triangles) may be called topographic subunits. When a large
      part of a subunit has been lost, replacing the entire subunit rather than simply
      patching the defect often gives a superior result. This subunit approach to nasal
      reconstruction causes unsatisfactory border scars of flaps to mimic the normal
      shadowed valleys and lighted ridges of the nasal surface. Furthermore, as
      trapdoor contraction occurs, the entire reconstructed subunit bulges in a way
      that simulates the normal contour of a nasal tip, dorsal hump, or alar lobule.
      Photographs show five patients in whom this principle was followed and one in
      whom it was not.

PMID- 4023098
TI  - Lipoplasty of the neck.
AB  - Lipoplasty provides a new method of removing subcutaneous fat and contouring the
      neck. This author reports his experience in 50 cases. A total of 35 patients were
      done in conjunction with a rhytidoplasty, and 15 patients had lipoplasty as an
      isolated procedure. The series could be divided into halves. After 25 cases,
      several undesirable results were noted, including discomfort (15 of 25),
      nodularity (6 of 25), and contour irregularities (3 of 25). Modifications were
      made in the technique and postoperative treatment, including a smaller-diameter
      cannula, more extensive dissection with feathering, multiple incisions and cross
      tunnels, and the postoperative use of massage and ultrasound and an elastic head
      garment. Subsequent patients had reduced morbidity and improved operative
      results. A detailed account of the operative procedure is discussed. Photographic
      documentation of results is given. This author's initial experience with
      lipoplasty of the neck indicates early problems, solutions, and results. The
      technique is viewed as a useful addition to the armamentarium of the plastic
      surgeon.

PMID- 4023099
TI  - More than skin deep: a self-consistency approach to the psychology of cosmetic
      surgery.
AB  - Underlying attitudes about the general self and the specific body part operated
      on in cosmetic surgery were investigated. It was hypothesized that female
      cosmetic surgery patients would feel less favorably toward their noses, faces, or
      breasts than toward their overall self. These marked inconsistencies would cause
      "normal" individuals to seek practical solutions of enhancing the esteem of the
      particular body part, to make it consistent with their general view of
      themselves. Forty female cosmetic surgery patients were tested before and 2 and 4
      months after surgery. In all, 12 hypotheses were made within the general self
      consistency framework and 11 were upheld at levels ranging from 0.02 to 0.001.
      Self-consistency theory accurately represents the female cosmetic surgery patient
      as a normal woman in terms of self-esteem who is attempting to remediate a
      consciously felt inconsistency between general and specific body-part esteem.
      Cosmetic surgery seems to reduce this inconsistency.

PMID- 4023100
TI  - The Achilles heel of plastic surgery: insurance forms, fraud, and loss of
      credibility.

PMID- 4023101
TI  - Lack of adverse effect of silicone implant on sarcoidosis of the breast.
AB  - Involvement of the breast by sarcoidosis is extremely rare, with only 11 case
      reports in the literature. The potential adverse interaction between silicone
      prostheses and this disease process poses an unusual clinical dilemma. However,
      two patients with sarcoidosis of the breast had silicone breast implants placed
      without exacerbation of their disease nor unusual periprosthetic complications.
      We conclude that sarcoidosis of the breast does not appear to be a
      contraindication to placement of silicone implants.

PMID- 4023102
TI  - Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve injury as a complication of phlebotomy.
AB  - The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve may be injured by attempts at cephalic
      vein venipuncture because of its anatomic location under the cephalic vein.
      Multiple attempts at venipuncture using plunging-type action should be avoided.
      Electric dysesthesias during venipuncture should alert the phlebotomist to
      possible nerve damage. Primary repair of the injured nerve or its fascicles may
      be hindered by tension across the antecubital fossa when the elbow is in
      extension or by the presence of the biceps tendon. As an alternative surgical
      solution, the neuroma may be resected and the proximal end buried within the
      substance of the brachialis muscle.

PMID- 4023103
TI  - The hairless osteotomized radial forearm flap.
AB  - A case is reported demonstrating that the radial osteocutaneous free flap can be
      "ill-treated" by excision of its hairy skin and split-skin grafting prior to
      transfer and osteotomy of its bony element during transfer without apparent
      adverse effect.

PMID- 4023105
TI  - Interosseous fixation with hemoclips.
AB  - We report the use of a surgical Hemoclip for the stabilization of a facial
      fracture. The clip is simple to use and of appropriate strength to hold fracture
      fragments in anatomic alignment. Its use is not proposed as a substitute for the
      time-proven techniques, but rather as a potential addition in selected cases to
      the well-trained facial reconstructive surgeon's armamentarium.

PMID- 4023104
TI  - Use of suction to treat soft tissue injected with liquid silicone.
AB  - Suction was used to treat erythema and draining sinuses resulting from injection
      of liquid silicone to the chin of a 38-year-old female. Erythema disappeared days
      after surgery, and there has been no evidence of further drainage. The result is
      shown 2 and 6 months following the surgery.

PMID- 4023106
TI  - Cleansing eyelids after blepharoplasty.

PMID- 4023107
TI  - Protecting the eye with the scleral lens during surgery.

PMID- 4023108
TI  - Pressure sores.

PMID- 4023109
TI  - [Infant hypotonia, obesity, hypogenitalism and oligophrenia--new viewpoints on
      the etiology and symptoms of Prader-Willi syndrome].
AB  - We present four cases of Prader-Willi syndrome. Two of them have an abnormality
      of a chromosome 15, the other both show different chromosomal abnormalities.
      Translocations or deletions were found recently in the bands 15q11/12 in about
      60% of the cases of Prader-Willi syndrome. The consequences for diagnosis,
      symptomatology and genetic counselling of the syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 4023110
TI  - [Comparative clinicogenetic study of schizophrenic psychoses].
AB  - The author diagnoses 350 carefully selected schizophrenic subjects, their parents
      and their siblings during parallel studies using three different clinical
      classification systems and analyzes the results by multiple threshold analysis
      and the multifactorial inheritance model. The results suggest that, of the three
      classifications the author studied, Leonhard's and Sneshnewski's system yield
      relatively homogeneous subgroups; this indicates the future significance of these
      nosological systems for the planning of biopsychiatric research.

PMID- 4023111
TI  - [Ego function rating by the specialist working alone in neurology and
      psychiatry].
AB  - Bellak and coworkers' "Ego-Function" rating was performed at a neuropsychiatric
      outpatients department by having an interview that was recorded once on tape
      analyzed by the same rater at intervals of 16 +/- 6 months using an estimation
      scale divided into seven main points. The result shows a high degree of
      uniformity in assessing the following functions: Reality testing, judgement,
      feeling for reality of oneself and the world, control of drives and affects,
      relationship to objects, ability to think, use of fantasy for solving problems,
      protection from stimuli, defence function, autonomic function, synthetic
      integrative function and feeling of competence. The most important result is that
      the rating can be used to good effect by neurologists and psychiatrists working
      alone.

PMID- 4023112
TI  - [Experiences with the Meyer-Probst encephalopathy questionnaire].
AB  - The validity of the questionnaire elaborated by Meyer-Probst for recording the
      typical behaviour of encephalopaths was checked on a sample comprising 254 high
      risk and control children aged 6 to 7 years. The results confirm its value as a
      diagnostic aid in outpatient work and as methodological tool for research.

PMID- 4023113
TI  - [Group therapy with selected forensic-psychiatric patients (dyssocial
      maldevelopment].
AB  - The treatment of patients with medically relevant dissozial misdevelopment in a
      forensic-psychiatric clinic demands special methods corresponding to the
      subjective and objective conditions. The group therapy represents a possibility
      of activating those patients in a socially adequate way. There are being
      described the course and first results of this method.

PMID- 4023114
TI  - [Information status and public opinion on the social psychiatric position of
      epilepsy in western Lower Austria].
AB  - The state of information and the public opinion concerning the epileptic's
      psychosocial rank in the West of Lower Austria are similar to the results in the
      Federal Republic of Germany in many respects. But on the other hand there are
      also many differences. Many of the interviewed ones reacted in the sense of
      "centrality of concerness". Questions concerning society in general, the answers
      were liberal and partly even outgoing. When the own persons or the own family got
      involved answers were significantly less positive than in Western Europe or the
      USA. Answers concerning employment of epileptics were reflecting the socio
      economic situation of the different countries at the moment of the interview. If
      there was a better socio-economic background it also was easier to make a motion
      for employment of epileptics. The age-group between 30 and 40 years proved to be
      best informed and most outgoing.

PMID- 4023115
TI  - [Classic texts newly read. Uninhibited "tallyho" in hunting the "laws" of
      delirium. Thoughts on rereading K. Conrad "Die beginnende Schizophrenie--Versuch
      einer Gestaltanalyse des Wahns", Stuttgart (Thieme) 1958].

PMID- 4023116
TI  - [Segregation of psychiatrically ill offenders in specialty clinics--the end of
      the deportation game?].
AB  - Forensic psychiatric institutions (mentally ill offenders) have not developed
      according to the recommendations of psychiatric experts as suggested in the
      'Psychiatric Enquete'. Paragraph 65 StGB with its provisions was eliminated from
      the penal code on the 1. Jan. 1985, hence independent social-therapeutic
      institutions will not come into existence in the FRG. Taking the current
      institutional conditions into account the authors investigate the chances and
      possibilities of client-orientated treatment.

PMID- 4023117
TI  - [Analysis of a patient population of the neurologic-psychiatric admission
      department of a central prison hospital].
AB  - This article represents an attempt to analyse the multivarious and problematic
      groups of neurological and psychiatric inpatients admitted to a central hospital
      for prisoners in Baden-Wurttemberg. This special ward for such patients is unique
      in its character in the entire Federal Republic of Germany. Patients are
      differentiated according to diagnosis, length of stay, duration of imprisonment,
      reason for referral, number of patients referred, and kind of treatment. The four
      most strongly represented groups of diagnosis consist of the patients with
      psychogenic reactions, drug addiction, endogenous psychoses and psychopathies.
      These differ from one another according to treatment regimen, reasons for
      referral, and mode of hospitalisation. Statistics are given reflecting the
      problems of non-German, mentally abnormal prisoners and of their suicidal or para
      suicidal actions.

PMID- 4023118
TI  - [Fatalities in the course of hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital (paragraph
      63 StGb)].
AB  - On the average, every tenth proband dies during his compulsory referral to a
      psychiatric hospital decreed by a court of law. The mortality rate among
      sentenced persons is not only much higher than that of inmates of a normal
      prison, but is also much higher than among patients of psychiatric hospitals not
      compulsorily referred by court. Those who died during hospitalisation, were fully
      exculpated more often than those who survived at the end of their term;
      furthermore, they had served their sentences on the average for a longer time
      than the survivors. The combination of mental disease, legal culpability and
      imprisonment exercises a particularly dramatic effect on the suicide rate.

PMID- 4023119
TI  - [Suicide in psychiatric therapy: problem sketch and consequences for forensic
      psychiatry evaluation].
AB  - Suicidal modes of behaviour are discussed in their forensic-psychiatric aspects,
      and the problems of a typical case are presented as an example. As in other
      medical disciplines, questions of recognizability and correct treatment of
      pathological disorders are of particular interest from the legal point of view.
      The analysis of suicidal modes of behaviour in larger populations can admittedly
      demonstrate more or less typical patterns, but reliable parameters for individual
      prognosis are not available. For this reason, suicidal tendencies in the
      individual are in principle not recognizable. A standard psychiatric therapy with
      guaranteed success does not exist. We draw attention to the particular
      responsibility for accurate documentation of each case history.

PMID- 4023120
TI  - [Behavior therapy of opiate dependence].
AB  - Ten years ago an extensive behaviour therapy programme for the treatment of young
      opiate addicts was developed and tested, and shown through follow-ups extending
      over a period of two years to be successful. Some of the most important behaviour
      therapy procedures are introduced. A distinction is made between traditional
      methods which have been used since the beginning of the therapy programme and
      newer approaches in behaviour therapy, which in recent years have led to a
      broadening of the spectrum of therapy. In conclusion important areas for the
      treatment of opiate addicts in the future are dealt with, which make further
      improvements in the efficiency of therapy possible.

PMID- 4023121
TI  - Clinical perspectives on self psychology.
AB  - With the help of several clinical vignettes from the literature, the clinical
      consequences of the theoretical system of self psychology are examined. In that
      system pathogenic primacy is given to failures in parental empathy, leading to
      the technical requirement of providing empathic responses which build a cohesive
      self through transmuting internalizations. Efforts to extend the application of
      self psychology to include the psychoneuroses lead to an interactional reparative
      therapy that compromises interpretation of transference and resistance.
      Therapeutic change resulting from this approach is seen as essentially different
      from the processes and transformations set in motion by classical analysis.

PMID- 4023122
TI  - Potentiality shrouded: how the newer theories work.
AB  - An analyst often needs to feel that the integration he anticipates and provokes
      was already observed, fully present, in the patient. He can feel that way by
      cultivating an empathic sense that the patient's aspects and movements are
      inevitable and not chosen. A full theory of the mind, however, describes other
      possibilities. For that reason, it is sometimes useful to work with incomplete
      theories that omit descriptions of potentiality. These holistic revisions of
      psychoanalysis increase the variety of passively perceived treatment-relevant
      configurations and lessen the analyst's descriptive authority.

PMID- 4023123
TI  - Isakower-like experience on the couch: a contribution to the psychoanalytic
      understanding of regressive ego phenomena.
AB  - Since Isakower's original contribution of 1938, Isakower phenomena have been
      viewed as primitive experiences involving maternal breast, womb, and face
      imagery. This clinical report harks back to the less well-known hypothesis with
      which Isakower concluded his paper: he suggested that these perceptual
      experiences are related to childhood oedipal masturbatory fantasies at the time
      of going to sleep. In this paper four Isakower-like phenomena experienced by a
      patient on the couch are reported in the dynamic context in which they occurred.
      It is argued that these phenomena constitute a type of regressive ego experience
      that defends against oedipal conflict.

PMID- 4023124
TI  - Oedipus complex and development of self.
AB  - The emergence of oedipal object relations is a crucial stage in the development
      toward individuated adult mentation, distinguished from early stages of psychic
      life which are transindividual (as in Kohut's "selfobject transference"). The
      latter continue to function as deep layers of individual psychic life; but the
      development of oedipal/postoedipal object relations, and advanced psychic
      structure and functioning based on it, represents a norm in psychoanalytic
      psychology and therapy. The poet John Keats's ideas about the formation of the
      individual "soul" (identity as an individual) by the intervention of
      "circumstances" are cited to illustrate this aspect of the oedipus complex.

PMID- 4023125
TI  - Demythologizing oedipus.
AB  - The oedipus complex is a basic psychoanalytic concept, which is only historically
      tied to its eponymic myth. It works in our system and in our method as a
      hermeneutic principle, organizing our understanding of the discourse of patients.
      Its validity depends on the situation of childhood development within the family,
      with its attendant passions and desires.

PMID- 4023126
TI  - Evolutionary psychiatry and the triune brain.

PMID- 4023127
TI  - Records of psychiatric morbidity in general practice: the National Morbidity
      Surveys.

PMID- 4023128
TI  - Depression and dementia: the multi-faceted relationship.

PMID- 4023129
TI  - Sensitivity to noise in a community sample: I. Measurement of psychiatric
      disorder and personality.
AB  - A sample of 77 women of high and low noise sensitivity, living in areas of high
      and low exposure to aircraft noise drawn from the 1977 West London Survey, were
      interviewed in the community in 1980. Women of high, intermediate and low noise
      sensitivity in 1980 were compared for measures of psychiatric disorder,
      personality and reactivity to the other sensory stimuli. In addition, the noise
      sensitivity measures defining the three groups in 1980 were compared with further
      measures of noise sensitivity. High noise sensitive women exhibited significantly
      more psychiatric symptoms, higher neuroticism scores, and greater reactivity to
      other sensory stimuli than intermediate and low noise sensitive women.

PMID- 4023130
TI  - Sensitivity to noise in a community sample: II. Measurement of
      psychophysiological indices.
AB  - A sample of 77 women of high and low noise sensitivity in 1977, living in areas
      of high and low exposure to aircraft noise, were interviewed in the community in
      1980. High, intermediate and low noise sensitive women were compared, using
      measures of blood pressure, heart rate, skin conductance, hearing threshold,
      uncomfortable loudness level and magnitude estimation of six tones. These
      physiological measures did not clearly distinguish different noise sensitivity
      groups, except that highly noise sensitive women had a consistently slower heart
      rate. Noise sensitivity was not related to auditory threshold. In the high
      aircraft noise area there were significantly more skin conductance responses than
      in the low aircraft noise area irrespective of noise sensitivity. This may be the
      result of chronic exposure to high aircraft noise.

PMID- 4023131
TI  - The chronically mentally ill in primary care.
AB  - The role of primary care physicians in addressing the needs of chronically
      mentally ill patients is examined from three perspectives: assessing community
      prevalence; treating chronic medical problems in the context of other human
      service needs; and treating specific types of chronic mental disorders. About 30%
      of primary care patients were found to have at least one Research Diagnostic
      Criteria mental disorder, five-sixths of which had a duration greater than 1
      year. However, about 9% of patients had some impairment and 2% had severe
      impairment associated with a mental disorder. Although affective disorders have
      the highest overall rates, personality, psychotic, and anxiety disorders
      contribute the greatest proportion of severe disability.

PMID- 4023132
TI  - An indigenous conceptualization of reactive depression in Trinidad.
AB  - While depressive reactions appear to be universal, until recently they have
      seldom been described outside Europe, probably because of their lack of exotic
      salience, but also because they are seldom identified locally as distinct
      entities. Where it occurs, such an identification reflects a local preference for
      the articulation of individual psychological notions, rather than universal moral
      imperatives. While the symptoms of reactive depression are recognized in rural
      Trinidad as a common experience, but not especially remarked, they are also
      identified by Afro-Caribbeans as a specific state, Tabanka, following the loss of
      a sexual partner to another. Tabanka is characterized by lassitude, anorexia,
      insomnia, feelings of worthlessness, anger, a loss of interest in work and other
      activities and, especially, by a preoccupation with the faithless one. It is said
      to be most common among married men and among the upwardly socially mobile, and
      to lead to heavy drinking and occasionally madness or suicide. The precipitation
      of Tabanka provokes hilarity rather than moral indignation, and its humour
      articulates an egalitarian and individualistic working-class attitude to marriage
      and social mobility. In contrast, Trinidadians of Asian or Venezuelan origin
      emphasize moral notions of honour and shame.

PMID- 4023133
TI  - Social support, social pressures and psychological distress during unemployment.
AB  - A sample of 1150 unemployed 17 year-olds, containing blacks and whites, males and
      females, was obtained from 11 urban regions in England. Social support was
      measured in respect of five different forms of help from others. Measures were
      also obtained of psychological distress, perceived pressure from others to obtain
      a job, employment commitment, contact with other young people, and contact with
      other unemployed young people. Two forms of social support (having someone to
      turn to for help with money, and having someone to suggest interesting things to
      do) were significantly associated with measures of distress, as were perceived
      pressure to obtain a job and employment commitment, but not contact with other
      unemployed young people. The association between distress and having someone to
      turn to for help with money was greater for those perceiving pressure from others
      to obtain a job than those not perceiving pressure. Also, the association between
      distress and having someone to turn to when feeling low was greater for those
      with a high employment commitment than for those with a low one. Other
      associations between support and distress were found to be affected by sex and
      ethnic differences in the sample. The results are discussed in the light of a
      stress-buffering model of social support; and the need to disaggregate social
      support into its component parts is emphasized.

PMID- 4023134
TI  - Some cognitive correlates of affective disorders.
AB  - Seventy-one men completed a battery of cognitive tests which were designed to
      reflect verbal analytic and non-verbal holistic functioning. Interest centred
      around pattern of response. Thirty men were suffering from an affective disorder
      and forty-one were well. All the men were in prison, the majority awaiting trial.
      The affective disorder group was subdivided into three categories: men who had a
      history of manic-depressive illness; a group of unipolar, psychotically depressed
      men; and men who were regarded as being depressed in reaction to circumstances.
      All three groups showed specific difficulty in dealing with spatial/holistic
      tasks, other factors being held constant. They were also found to differ in a
      number of other respects. The possible significance of these differences is
      discussed.

PMID- 4023135
TI  - Description and measurement of concentration problems in depressed patients.
AB  - Depressed patients commonly complain of concentration problems, yet these have
      seldom been the focus of systematic investigation. A structured interview about
      concentration problems was administered to a group of relatively severely
      depressed patients. Problems in reading and watching television were the most
      common, and were highly correlated with each other. Direct report of the number
      of concentration lapses on a reading task was the most generally satisfactory
      task-performance correlate of complaints of reading/TV concentration problems.
      Evidence both from this task and from the interview suggests that depressive
      concentration problems may often be due to 'mind-wandering'. The correlations
      with concentration problems with the severity and endogeneity of depression and
      with state anxiety were generally similar.

PMID- 4023136
TI  - Personality traits and platelet monoamine oxidase in tobacco smokers.
AB  - A study was made of the smoking habits of an unselected series of 1129 18-year
      old men from the general population. Their smoking habits were related to
      personality traits, intellectual level and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO).
      Regular smokers were found to be extraverts, sensation seekers who were easily
      bored and with a strong tendency to avoid monotony. They also had a lower than
      average intellectual level, and were more prone to the abuse of alcohol, glue,
      cannabis, amphetamine and morphine. Furthermore, they had a low platelet MAO. The
      results are discussed in relation to the pharmacological reasons for smoking and
      favour the hypothesis that tobacco smoking is related to arousal-seeking
      behaviour. Ex-smokers had personality traits, intellectual levels and platelet
      MAO of the same magnitude as non-smokers: this may be the reason why they were
      able to give up smoking.

PMID- 4023137
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy: does it improve cognitive or motor functioning?
AB  - In a group of 20 patients who were to undergo endarterectomy for atherosclerotic
      occlusive disease of the internal carotid artery, the stenosis did not appear to
      have resulted in cognitive or motor deficits. Consistent with this finding,
      surgery could not be shown to have a beneficial effect on cognitive or motor
      functioning. Control data were supplied by 20 patients who underwent peripheral
      vascular surgery and 20 healthy subjects. The test-retest interval was 10 weeks.

PMID- 4023138
TI  - Food antibodies in acute psychoses.
AB  - Antibodies to a variety of foods, and in particular cereals, were measured in
      serum from 100 patients with acute psychoses and 100 elective surgical patients.
      For 13 out of 14 foods to which non-IgE antibodies were detected the
      schizophrenics had slightly more antibodies than the controls. There was an
      association between a possible secondary mania and the presence of IgE antibodies
      to wheat or rye. However, neither the schizophrenia nor the mania findings can be
      regarded as evidence for food allergy causing psychiatric disorder, since the
      immunological findings in both cases may represent consequences of the illnesses
      or their treatment, rather than causes of the illness.

PMID- 4023139
TI  - Side-effects of lithium at lower therapeutic levels: the significance of thirst.
AB  - The prevalence of thirst, subjective polyuria and related side-effects was
      investigated in 87 patients attending a lithium clinic and in a group of 52
      controls. Thirst was surprisingly common, occurring in 67% of patients, in spite
      of the fact that they had been maintained on relatively low levels of lithium,
      and was due principally to the lithium rather than to other psychotropic drugs.
      Urine flow and impaired renal water absorption correlated with the serum lithium
      level and the length of treatment in the patients, despite the fact that few were
      clinically polyuric. The pattern of the results confirms previous suggestions
      that lithium may stimulate the thirst mechanism directly as well as via an
      increased renal resistance to vasopressin. The possible implications in terms of
      clinical response are discussed.

PMID- 4023140
TI  - Investigating renal function during lithium treatment.
AB  - The tests that have been used to assess glomerular and tubular function in
      patients receiving treatment with lithium have been reviewed. The advantages and
      disadvantages of these are discussed. The most useful tests are the creatinine
      clearance, which may be predicted from the serum creatinine using a formula or
      nomogram, and the measurement of urine osmolality, followed if necessary by
      assessment of the maximum urine concentrating ability after desamino cys-1-8-D
      arginine vasopressin.

PMID- 4023141
TI  - Psychiatric patients who marry each other.
AB  - Health care workers often advise patients with chronic psychiatric disability
      against marrying each other. A survey of a group of such marriages revealed no
      evidence of the predicted ill-effects, but rather a trend towards improvement
      after the marriage. There is a discrepancy between professional expectations and
      actual outcome of these marriages.

PMID- 4023142
TI  - Measuring the burden of psychiatric illness on the family: an evaluation of some
      rating scales.
AB  - The gradual shift towards non-institutional treatment for severe and chronic
      psychiatric illnesses has been accompanied by a recognition of potentially
      harmful effects ('burden') upon the patient's caregivers. This paper aims to
      provide a framework for the development of further research into the burden of
      'community care' by offering a clear definition of the burden concept, an
      exposition of the criteria for evaluating rating scales to measure the concept, a
      review of major rating scales of burden, and some suggestions for improvements in
      methodology which are urgently required.

PMID- 4023143
TI  - A study of variables associated with under-attendance at a psychiatric day
      centre.
AB  - This study examines the problems of client under-attendance at a psychiatric day
      centre. Demographic, psychiatric, psychometric and Semantic Differential measures
      were used. Several of these measures were significantly associated with under
      attendance. Various methods are suggested for the identification of and reduction
      of the level of under-attendance.

PMID- 4023144
TI  - A study of the classification of mental ill-health in general practice.
AB  - An outline is provided of an experimental study of the classification of mental
      ill-health presented to general practitioners (GPs). Videotaped real-life
      consultations were assessed by 27 GPs for the purpose. A high degree of inter
      observer variation was recorded. Some of the implications of the findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 4023145
TI  - Validation of the Italian version of the GHQ in a general practice setting.
AB  - The 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Clinical Interview
      Schedule (CIS) were administered to 120 consecutive attenders at a general
      practice in Northern Italy run by a doctor who had a formal psychiatric training.
      The Italian versions of both the GHQ and the CIS were found to be feasible
      instruments for general practice studies in Italy. GHQ misclassification rates,
      sensitivity and specificity values are presented for different cut-off scores, a
      total score of 5 or more being the best discriminator between 'cases' and 'non
      cases'. The prevalence of confirmed cases in this sample was 47.5%, a rate higher
      than those reported so far in developed and developing countries.

PMID- 4023146
TI  - The role of theories in conceptual coherence.

PMID- 4023147
TI  - A social-cognitive theory of depression in reaction to life events.

PMID- 4023148
TI  - Semantic, evaluative, and self-referent processing: memory, cognitive effort, and
      somatovisceral activity.

PMID- 4023149
TI  - The role of the orienting response in the anticipation of information: a skin
      conductance response study.

PMID- 4023150
TI  - Mathematical models of the event-related potential.

PMID- 4023151
TI  - Electrodermal discrimination of familiar and unfamiliar faces: a methodology.

PMID- 4023152
TI  - The development of sustained visual attention in infants from 14 to 26 weeks of
      age.

PMID- 4023153
TI  - Scoring criteria for response latency and habituation in electrodermal research:
      a critique.

PMID- 4023154
TI  - Evidence of a role for response plans and self-monitoring in biofeedback.

PMID- 4023155
TI  - Effects of age and sex on the endogenous brain potential components during two
      continuous performance tasks.

PMID- 4023156
TI  - The standardized mental stress test protocol: test-retest reliability and
      comparison with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

PMID- 4023157
TI  - The Bayesian-inferential approach to defining response processes in
      psychophysiology.

PMID- 4023158
TI  - Cardiac awareness in infarct patients and normals.

PMID- 4023159
TI  - Groin skin temperature: testing the validity of a relatively unobtrusive
      physiological measure of psychosexual arousal.

PMID- 4023160
TI  - Cortisol excretion during the defense reaction in humans.
AB  - Twelve subjects with specific phobias were exposed to slides with a phobic or a
      neutral content while cortisol excretion, electrodermal activity, and distress
      ratings were studied. Six subjects fearful of blood and mutilation, and six of
      snakes or spiders, were presented with two sets of ten different slides (phobic
      or neutral; 8-sec exposures, separated by 50-sec intervals) with the order of
      presentation balanced between days. Before and after each session, subjects rated
      feelings of distress, and urine samples were obtained for the determination of
      cortisol by radioimmunoassay. Electrodermal activity was recorded before and
      during slide presentation. Compared to neutral exposures, phobic slides elicited
      larger cortisol excretion, higher distress ratings, and greater skin-conductance
      responses with slower recovery. No differences between animal and blood and
      mutilation phobics were observed. Thus, humans having specific phobias exhibit
      pituitary-adrenal cortical arousal during the defense reaction elicited by slides
      of their phobic objects.

PMID- 4023161
TI  - Testosterone and cortisol levels in crewmen of U.S. Air Force fighter and cargo
      planes.
AB  - Serum levels of cortisol and testosterone were measured in 39 United States Air
      Force personnel on active duty flying status. The subjects selected belonged to
      one of the following categories: pilot of a fighter-type aircraft, nonpilot on a
      fighter plane, pilot of a cargo-type aircraft, or nonpilot on a cargo plane.
      Blood samples were taken prior to and after a routine flying mission. Cortisol
      levels prior to the flight did not differ across groups. However, postflight
      samples of cortisol were elevated in the nonpilots, in comparison to the pilots,
      regardless of aircraft type. Conversely, while testosterone levels were
      unaffected by crew position, the men flying on fighter-type planes had lower
      serum levels than did those on cargo planes. These results suggest that hormone
      levels may be differentially affected by the stressors of routine military
      flight.

PMID- 4023162
TI  - Androgen enhances sexual motivation in females: a prospective, crossover study of
      sex steroid administration in the surgical menopause.
AB  - Various parameters of sexual functioning were assessed in a prospective,
      crossover investigation of 53 surgically menopausal women. Patients randomly
      received either an estrogen-androgen combined preparation, an estrogen-alone
      drug, an androgen-alone drug, or a placebo. Also included were a group of women
      who had undergone hysterectomy and whose ovaries had been left intact. Two
      treatment phases, each of 3 months' duration, were separated by an intervening
      placebo month. Additionally, plasma levels of total estrogens and testosterone
      were assayed four times during the study concurrent with monitoring of sexual
      behaviors. It was clear that exogenous androgen enhanced the intensity of sexual
      desire and arousal and the frequency of sexual fantasies in hysterectomized and
      oophorectomized women. However, there was no evidence that testosterone affected
      physiologic response or interpersonal aspects of sexual behavior. These findings
      suggest that the major impact of androgen in women is on sexual motivation and
      not on sexual activity per se.

PMID- 4023163
TI  - The menstrual cycle and platelet 5-HT uptake.
AB  - The association between the onset of depressive illness and the paramenstruum has
      been reported. In the present study, we looked at changes in platelet 5-HT uptake
      in six healthy, regularly menstruating subjects on days 1, 10, and 24 of three
      consecutive menstrual cycles to explore possible biochemical bases for mood
      changes associated with menstruation. Platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake
      was determined by suspension of platelet pellets in 0.5-5 microM hydroxy [G-3H]
      tryptamine [( 3H]-5-HT) creatinine sulfate solution at 37 degrees C and
      measurement of radioactivity of [3H]-5-HT in the platelets using liquid
      scintillation counting. Mood changes were measured using the Moos Menstruation
      Distress Questionnaire and the Spielberger State Anxiety Scale. Analysis of
      variance and trend analysis revealed significant elevation of Km and Vmax on day
      24 of the cycle, which was consistent across the three menstrual cycles studied.
      A significant linear rise of "negative affect" across each cycle peaking on day 1
      was detected. "Water retention" and "behavioral change" also peaked on day 1. No
      significant correlation, however, was obtained between the mood scores and
      platelet 5-HT uptake. These findings are discussed.

PMID- 4023164
TI  - The salience and timing of the menstrual flow.
AB  - The relationship of two menstrual characteristics-flow and length-to reported
      menstrual symptomatology, attitudes, and effects upon performance were examined
      in a sample of 156 college women. The possible effects of social contextual
      variables in mediating this relationship were also explored. Perceiving oneself
      to be irregular was related to performance decrements, menstrual pain, and
      negative attitudes but not to premenstrual negative affect. Reporting heavier
      flows was related to more severe symptom reports, activity restrictions, and
      negative attitudes. Religious group membership affected these relationships, as
      Catholic women reported more irregular cycles than Protestant women. Reports of
      heavy flows were related to the importance of religion, symptom severity, and
      performance decrements in the Catholic but not in the Protestant sample. Possible
      explanatory models for these results are presented.

PMID- 4023165
TI  - Psychologic stress and glycemic control: a comparison of patients with and
      without proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - Using a case/control design, patients with (cases) and without (controls)
      proliferative diabetic retinopathy were compared using three psychosocial
      measures: life events, psychiatric symptomatology, and ego development. Cases
      reported significantly more symptoms. They also demonstrated a modest and
      significant correlation of negative life events with HgbA1c that was not shown in
      the controls. When the relationship of life events with glycemic control was
      explored in cases of varying durations of proliferative retinopathy, we found
      that the association between negative life events and HgbA1c was accounted for by
      the cases with a recent onset of retinopathy. Patients in this recent group
      showed a trend towards more negative life events that decreased with longer
      duration of proliferative retinopathy. This study suggests that the onset of
      proliferative retinopathy portends a life crisis during which metabolic control
      is sensitive to additional life stress and that this association is not found
      among patients whose illness is more stable.

PMID- 4023166
TI  - Facial expressions of emotion and physiologic reactions in children with
      bronchial asthma.
AB  - Eighteen children with bronchial asthma (ages 7.5 to 12) and 18 control children
      were exposed to a pleasant comic film and a stress-inducing achievement task.
      Facial expressions of emotion and heart rate (HR) were recorded, and pre- and
      posttest forced expiratory volume at 1 sec (FEV1) were assessed. The asthmatic
      children showed significantly fewer expressions of emotion than the control
      subjects in the stress-inducing but not in the joy-inducing situation. Their FEV1
      decreased significantly under both experimental conditions, whereas no
      significant changes were found in the control group. The asthmatic children's
      mean HR was significantly higher under both experimental conditions than during
      the preceding pauses. In the control group, no significant changes in mean HR
      were found from the pause to the stressful situation; during the comic film, mean
      HR was significantly lower than during the preceding pause. No significant
      correlations were found for either group between number of emotions expressed,
      pre- to posttest changes in FEV1, and changes in mean HR.

PMID- 4023167
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism: neuropsychiatric manifestations.

PMID- 4023168
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 4023169
TI  - Concurrent myelodysplasia and lymphoproliferation: a disorder of the true
      pluripotential stem cell?
AB  - The lymphoproliferative disorders and the myelodysplastic syndromes are thought
      to result from the clonal expansion of a single abnormal precursor cell. Seven
      patients who were found to have concurrent myelodysplasia and lymphoproliferation
      are described. In all cases myelodysplasia and lymphoproliferation were diagnosed
      simultaneously or myelodysplasia preceded overt lymphoproliferation by a brief
      interval. Thus, myelodysplasia in these patients was not related to treatment
      given for a lymphoproliferative disorder. Stem cell theory is reviewed with
      special reference to evidence for an adult human stem cell common to both
      haemopoietic and lymphoid cell lines (CFU-L-M). The presence of concurrent
      myelodysplasia and lymphoproliferation in these seven patients may be the result
      of the clonal expansion of an abnormal pluripotential stem cell. It may be
      possible in some cases to achieve remission of the lymphoproliferative disorder
      with return of normal haematopoiesis if residual normal stem cells are present
      and repopulate the marrow following cytotoxic therapy.

PMID- 4023170
TI  - Glycosylated albumin and glycosylated proteins: rapidly changing indices of
      glycaemia in diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - Serial measurements of glycosylated albumin (GAlb), glycosylated plasma proteins
      (GPP) and glycosylated haemoglobin (GHb) were performed by affinity
      chromatography throughout the course of pregnancy in 14 insulin-dependent
      diabetic women. In patients whose glycaemic control improved markedly during
      pregnancy, the concentrations of GAlb and GPP decreased by more than 50 per cent
      after four weeks of good diabetic control. By contrast, the rate of decrease in
      GHb levels in the same patients was significantly less and did not indicate a
      comparable improvement in glycaemia until 12 weeks after good diabetic control
      was established. Elevated concentrations of GAlb or GPP decrease much more
      rapidly than GHb concentration when diabetic control is improved; thus
      measurement of glycosylated proteins is a valuable adjunct to serial blood
      glucose monitoring in clinical circumstances such as diabetic pregnancy, where
      early confirmation of good diabetic control is important.

PMID- 4023171
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus and infection: a controlled and prospective study
      including an epidemiological group.
AB  - An epidemiological group of 60 SLE patients was studied; 162 infections were
      observed prospectively for an aggregate of 1366 months. Bacterial infection was
      more frequent in the SLE patients than in matched controls but only slightly more
      frequent than in matched rheumatoid arthritis patients. The rheumatoid arthritis
      patients, also matched with regard to corticosteroid dosage, showed a tendency
      towards an increased infection rate only. Lower urinary tract infections were
      comparable in all three matched groups. In a total of 102 SLE patients studied,
      including the epidemiological group, clinical SLE activity was accompanied by an
      increase in the frequency of bacterial infection. In 49 patients bacterial
      infections were more common after flare than before. There was a high incidence
      of mucocutaneous infections induced by S. aureus, where skin traumatisation was
      an added risk factor. No increase of opportunistic infections was found in
      matched groups, but 26 such infections occurred in the subjects as a whole, and
      they were seen to be more frequent in conjunction with steroid-treated active
      SLE. Admission to hospital because of suspected infection was common, and
      infection was the cause or a contributory factor in five of the seven deaths
      among SLE patients.

PMID- 4023172
TI  - Parathyroidectomy in chronic renal failure.
AB  - In order to establish whether parathyroidectomy altered the natural history of
      ectopic calcification in patients with renal failure we undertook a detailed
      analysis of 62 patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal
      failure who were submitted to parathyroidectomy. Biochemical data (61 patients)
      and radiological skeletal surveys (42 patients) were studied before and after
      parathyroidectomy. Transiliac bone biopsies were obtained at (or some time in the
      previous six months before) parathyroidectomy in 30 and in 36 patients after
      surgery. Paired bone biopsies were available from 17 of these patients. In the
      majority of patients secondary hyperparathyroidism was controlled after
      parathyroidectomy although in seven patients (11 per cent), who underwent
      subtotal parathyroidectomy, it relapsed after initial improvement. Non-visceral
      soft tissue calcification disappeared or decreased in 60 per cent of the patients
      after parathyroidectomy. However, despite marked improvement in subperiosteal
      erosions and histological osteitis fibrosa, with significant reductions in iPTH
      and Ca X P product after parathyroidectomy, small peripheral arterial
      calcification developed or progressed in 56 per cent of the patients.
      Histological osteomalacia after parathyroidectomy developed after operation in
      two patients. Both had positive aluminium stains for excess aluminium in their
      bone. Numbers of osteoclasts and the amount of marrow fibrosis declined in
      parallel following parathyroidectomy, but woven bone persisted for months or
      years.

PMID- 4023173
TI  - Are glycosyltransferases the evolutionary antecedents of the immunoglobulins?
AB  - The glycosyltransferases may be the evolutionary precursors of the
      immunoglobulins, although critical evidence for this hypothesis is not yet
      available. The transferases add sugars to non-glycosylated proteins, lipids, and
      organic molecules, as well as to oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and
      glycolipids. The enzymes are specific, extremely polymorphic, occasionally
      inducible, and may be structurally related to one another. Circumstantial
      evidence links the transferases to both the MHC and T/t loci in the mouse.
      Finally, antibodies against purified transferases are difficult to produce and
      sometimes they react with immunoglobulins. The present hypothesis predicts that
      transferases should show some sequence homology with immunoglobulins, and that
      some MHC proteins will be glycosyltransferases.

PMID- 4023174
TI  - Effects of 20-MHz radiofrequency radiation on rat hematology, splenic function,
      and serum chemistry.
AB  - In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed in a TEM chamber to 20-MHz (HF
      band) continuous-wave radiofrequency radiation (RFR) for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week up
      to 6 weeks. The average E-field intensity was 2686 +/- 164 V/m (mean +/- SD) and
      the calculated specific absorption rate was 0.3 W/kg. Randomly sampled rats
      killed on Days 8, 22, 39, and 42 after initiation of exposure showed no
      statistically significant differences from controls for body mass, spleen cell
      density, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, methemoglobin,
      erythrocyte fragility, bilirubin, creatinine, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase,
      calcium, sodium, potassium, and spleen cell chemiluminescence. Splenic mass
      differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.05) only on Day 22.
      Spleen to body mass ratios differed significantly between exposed and control
      groups on Days 22 and 39 (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.025, respectively).
      Histologic examination of the rats revealed the successive accumulation of
      phagocytic cells, lymphoid proliferation, development of lesions, and tissue
      necrosis characteristic of respiratory mycoplasmosis. In a followup experiment, a
      separate set of rats was exposed for 6 weeks to identical levels of RFR. No
      significant differences were found in splenic parameters and spleen cell
      peroxidative activity. Histologic examination of these animals revealed no
      evidence of mycoplasma infection. The observed differences between exposed and
      control animals of the first experiment appear to have resulted from subclinical
      respiratory mycoplasmosis rather than exposure to RFR.

PMID- 4023175
TI  - 16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 induces radioprotection in murine intestinal and
      hematopoietic stem cells.
AB  - Exogenous prostaglandins (PGs) have been shown to protect gastrointestinal
      mucosa, liver, and pancreas from several injurious agents, including the PG
      inhibitor, indomethacin. Previous studies from this laboratory showed exogenous
      administration of 16,16-dimethyl (dm) PGE2 also protected mouse intestinal stem
      cells from radiation injury. The present study extended that observation and
      demonstrated that PGs given to B6D2F1 mice 1 hr before irradiation increased the
      shoulder of the intestinal clonogenic cell survival curve. The D0 increased from
      1.10 + 0.09 to 1.58 + 0.10 Gy. PGs increased the LD50/6 from 16.3 + 0.41 (95%
      confidence limits) in controls to 20.25 + 0.55 Gy. The 16,16-dm PGE2 increased
      the hematopoietic CFU-S survival in a qualitatively similar way; the
      extrapolation number (n) was increased from 1.03 (0.89-1.20) to 1.40 (1.27-1.54)
      and the D0 increased from 0.92 (0.87-0.98) to 1.14 (1.10-1.19) Gy. A large number
      of human tumors secrete a variety of PGs. Our results suggest that those tumors
      may be, in part, protected from radiation injury.

PMID- 4023176
TI  - Dose-rate evidence for two kinds of radiation damage in stationary-phase
      mammalian cells.
AB  - Survival based on colony formation was measured for starved plateau-phase Chinese
      hamster ovary (CHO) cells exposed to 250 kVp X rays at dose rates of 0.0031,
      0.025, 0.18, 0.31, and 1.00 Gy/min. A large dose-rate effect was demonstrated.
      Delayed plating experiments and dose response experiments following a
      conditioning dose, both using a dose rate of 1.00 Gy/min and plating delays of up
      to 48 hr, were also used to investigate the alternative repair hypotheses. There
      is clearly a greater change in survival in dose-rate experiments than in the
      other experiments. Thus we believe that a process which depends on the square of
      the concentration of initial damage, and which alters the effect of initial
      damage on cell survival is being observed. We have applied the damage
      accumulation model to separate the single-event damage from this concentration
      dependent form and estimate the repair rate for the latter type to be 70 min for
      our CHO cells. Use of this analysis on other published dose-rate studies also
      yields results consistent with this interpretation of the repair mechanisms.

PMID- 4023177
TI  - The effects of cellular glutathione elevation on the oxygen enhancement ratio.
AB  - The radiation responses at various oxygen tensions were evaluated in V79 Chinese
      hamster cells under conditions where their nonprotein thiols, primarily
      glutathione (GSH), were elevated by 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTZ). OTZ,
      when cleaved by intracellular oxoprolinase, provides the cell with cysteine which
      stimulates GSH synthesis. A 2-hr pretreatment with 10 mM OTZ elevated GSH to 200%
      of controls. This elevation in GSH offered no protection to aerated cells;
      however, for O2 tensions less than or equal to 40,000 ppm modest protection was
      observed as evidenced by an increase in oxygen enhancement ratio. GSH elevation
      afforded maximal protection between 1000 and 10,000 ppm O2; however, the extent
      of protection was relatively small (protection factor = 1.3).

PMID- 4023178
TI  - Dose response of Langerhans cells in mouse footpad epidermis after X irradiation.
AB  - Effects of a range (2-50 Gy) of single doses of 250 kV X rays on epidermal
      Langerhans cells in vivo were quantified in groups of CBA/CaH mice. Animals were
      sacrificed and compared with controls on the 10th day after local irradiation of
      their hind feet, when Langerhans cell numbers were at a minimum. ATPase-positive
      Langerhans cells in sheets of footpad epidermis were counted by light microscopy
      and cells with Birbeck granules were enumerated by electron microscopy. Both
      methods revealed a dose-dependent loss of Langerhans cells after ionizing
      radiation. Fifty percent of the ATPase-positive cells were lost after 14.4 +/-
      1.3 Gy, and 50% of Birbeck granule-containing cells were lost after 17.9 +/- 4.2
      Gy, suggesting that differentiated epidermal Langerhans cells are radioresistant.
      Loss of equivalent proportions of ATPase-positive and ultrastructurally
      identifiable cells after a range of doses indicates that X rays do not merely
      alter Langerhans cell surface markers but actually deplete the epidermal
      population of these cells.

PMID- 4023179
TI  - Microwave-stimulated drug release from liposomes.
AB  - Microwaves (2450 MHz) are shown to stimulate the release of an aqueous
      chemotherapeutic drug from phospholipid vesicles. This effect occurs at
      temperatures below the membrane phase transition temperature of 41 degrees C
      where these liposomes are normally not leaky. In buffered saline, microwave
      exposure (60 mW/g) triggers the onset of drug release at 33 degrees C, whereas in
      plasma a near maximal release is observed as low as 27 degrees C. Significantly,
      this drug release is enhanced by oxygen and is attenuated by antioxidants. These
      results demonstrate that phospholipids in artificial membranes devoid of protein
      are influenced by nonionizing electromagnetic radiation, and that this
      interaction can be modulated by two physiologically important factors, plasma and
      oxygen. Such a permeability effect may provide a means for investigating
      microwave interactions with ordered membrane bilayers.

PMID- 4023180
TI  - Thermal sensitivity of endothelial cells.
AB  - Experimental work indicates that one of the mechanisms of tumor control by
      hyperthermia may be damage to blood vessels, resulting in decreased blood flow to
      the neoplasms. Among the various elements of the microvasculature, endothelial
      cells are the most important possible targets of thermal injury. Furthermore,
      neoplasms have a significantly higher proportion of proliferating endothelial
      cells than do normal tissues. Thus it is necessary to establish the thermal
      sensitivity of endothelial cells and to explore possible differences in response
      between resting and proliferating endothelium. We studied the in vitro thermal
      sensitivity of murine and human capillary endothelial cells compared to human
      fibroblasts by following cell survival and growth recovery. Nonstimulated
      endothelial cells are more sensitive than fibroblasts. Their sensitivity is dose
      dependent within the range of 42 to 45 degrees C/30 min. Stimulation to
      proliferate by endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) renders these cells even
      more sensitive. Morphologic studies confirm these thermal effects in endothelial
      cells and fibroblasts. These findings support a direct effect of hyperthermia on
      endothelial cells, which appears to be more severe in proliferating cells. This
      may explain the reduced blood flow in heated tumors and may indicate a valuable
      therapeutic gain for hyperthermia.

PMID- 4023181
TI  - Effect of dose rate on the induction of experimental lung cancer in hamsters by
      alpha radiation.
AB  - The effect of dose rate on the induction of lung cancer in Syrian hamsters by 5.3
      MeV alpha particles was examined by varying the number of weekly intratracheal
      instillations of carrier-free 210Po. By this technique, most of the radiation
      dose to the lungs was delivered over intervals ranging from 10 to 120 days.
      Protraction of exposure over 120 days was slightly more carcinogenic at lower
      total lung doses (24 rad), but slightly less carcinogenic at higher doses (240
      rad), than exposure limited to a 10-day interval. No synergism was observed
      between very low radiation exposures (2.4 rad) and simultaneously administered
      benzo[a]pyrene. The carcinogenic effect of a single intratracheal instillation of
      210Po in isotonic saline was markedly enhanced by subsequent weekly instillations
      of 0.2 ml of saline alone, emphasizing the importance of noncarcinogenic
      secondary factors in the expression of radiation-induced lung cancer.

PMID- 4023182
TI  - [Chromatin degradation during the exposure of thymus lymphocytes in vitro to
      differentiation inducers and gamma irradiation].
AB  - Chemical inductors of differentiation were shown to cause chromatin degradation
      in thymus lymphocytes. This process was prevented by the protein synthesis
      inhibitors. The fragments formed after the effect of chemical differentiation
      inductors on thymocytes were fully identical to chromatin internucleosome
      degradation products formed in the exposed cells. Chromatin degradation under the
      effect of chemical differentiation inductors was most pronounced in a more
      radiosensitive thymocyte fraction.

PMID- 4023183
TI  - [Effect of irradiation and chemical differentiation inducers on the survival of
      thymus lymphocytes in mice].
AB  - Chemical inductors of differentiation were shown to produce a cytotoxic effect on
      thymus cells. The protein synthesis inhibitors prevented this effect. The toxic
      action of the inductors was more pronounced in a most radiosensitive thymocyte
      fraction. A combination of differentiation inductors and ionizing radiation did
      not produce the additive effect. This was observed after the effect of radiation
      and substances being not the differentiation inductors but toxic for cells.

PMID- 4023184
TI  - [Mechanisms of the synergistic action of ionizing radiation and hydrogen peroxide
      on the viability of bacteria].
AB  - The combined effect of ionizing radiation and minor concentrations of hydrogen
      peroxide (0.1-0.01 M) has been studied on bacteria differing in the cell wall
      structure (Gy+, Gy-), radioresistance, and activity of DNA repair system. The
      H2O2 concentrations applied, which have a slight antibacterial action, enhance
      significantly the bactericidal effect of ionizing radiation producing a
      synergistic effect due to the decreased effectiveness of repair of DNA single
      strand breaks.

PMID- 4023185
TI  - [Combined use of metronidazole and short-term hyperglycemia during radiation
      therapy of tumors in rats].
AB  - A simultaneous combined treatment with metronidazole and short-term
      hyperglycaemia, in contrast to application of each of these agents alone,
      enhanced considerably the therapeutic effect of radiation (a single and
      fractionated exposure). This was indicated by the increased rate of tumor
      regression, the number of animals with transient remission, and the number of
      cured animals which exhibited no relapse throughout the entire 90-day period of
      observation.

PMID- 4023186
TI  - [Dynamics of the early ultrastructural changes in sensorimotor cortical neurons
      of the rat brain after exposure to high doses of gamma-neutron radiation].
AB  - At early times (15 min to 6 h) after whole-body gamma-neutron irradiation of
      mature rats with a dose of 10 Gy reactive changes occur in neurons of the
      sensimotor cerebral cortex which can be interpreted as a manifestation of the
      enhancement of functional and metabolic activity of nerve cells followed by
      inhibition thereof.

PMID- 4023187
TI  - [Distribution of DNA radiation damage throughout the cells and its comparison
      with cytogenetic injury].
AB  - The distribution of DNA lesions induced by irradiation of Chinese hamster
      fibroblast cells with different doses was determined by the cytochemical method
      in situ and compared with the number of cytogenetic damages caused by the same
      doses. The results obtained indicate that not all the DNA lesions but only those
      occurred in the structurally important chromosome sites initiate chromosome
      mutagenesis.

PMID- 4023188
TI  - [Chromatin breakdown in the white blood cells of rats during irradiation and in
      combined radiation injury under cystamine protection].
AB  - The polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDN) level in leukocytes of peripheral blood of rats
      treated with cystamine adequately reflects the severity and outcome of radiation
      sickness. Preventive application of cystamine against the combined effect of
      ionizing radiation and heat decreased the PDN level in white blood cells but did
      not influence the survival of animals.

PMID- 4023189
TI  - [Quantitative and qualitative changes in the peripheral blood cells of rats in
      chronic irradiation of the animals].
AB  - A study was made of qualitative and quantitative changes in peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of rats subjected to continuous totalbody gamma-irradiation at dose-
      rates from 0.002 to 0.35 Gy/day and cumulative doses from 0.7 to 20.0 Gy. After
      termination of irradiation (on the 400th-500th day), the number of lymphocytes
      changed in an undulatory manner, i. e., increased at a dose--rate of 0.008
      Gy/day, and decreased down to minimum control values at a dose--rate of 0.35
      Gy/day, and the fraction of young macrocellular forms increased. The effect
      increased with increase in dose--rate and cumulative dose.

PMID- 4023190
TI  - [Postradiation effect of a radioprotector depending on the degree of chromatin
      condensation in the cells].
AB  - It was shown on HeLa cells synchronized in mitosis and on rat liver hepatocytes
      in G0 stage that cysteamine administered after gamma-irradiation produced the
      radioprotective effect which was not observed in hepatocytes in G1 stage.

PMID- 4023191
TI  - [Effect of ionizing radiation on the lipid fatty acid composition of the plasma
      membranes of liver cells].
AB  - Changes in the fatty acid composition of total lipids and individual
      phospholipids of liver cell plasma membranes of intact and exposed (7.65 Gy) rats
      have been studied. The authors discuss the relationship between the degree of
      lipid oxidation and other lipid characteristics of the studied membrane after
      exposure to ionizing radiation.

PMID- 4023192
TI  - [Chromosome structural damages to the myelokaryocytes of rats in late periods
      after chronic exposure to tritium and external gamma irradiation].
AB  - A pronounced variation in the total amount and spectrum of chromosome aberrations
      of rat myelocarycytes was found at later times following long-term exposure to
      tritium oxide and external gamma-radiation (137Cs). Cells with atypical
      chromosomes (symmetrical exchanges) were 1.5-2 times more frequent in bone marrow
      of tritium-treated rats throughout the entire lifetime.

PMID- 4023193
TI  - [Function of the hematopoietic system in irradiated animals prophylactically
      administered 2-amino-2-thiazoline].
AB  - The effect of 2-amino-2-thiazoline (2-AT) on radiosensitivity of mice, their
      haemopoietic system status, and GFUc has been studied. 2-AT was shown to
      contribute to the survival of an increased number of haemopoietic stem cells,
      earlier recovery of bone marrow cellularity, and normalization of the spleen
      weight.

PMID- 4023194
TI  - [Plutonium-239 distribution in the body in relation to the rhythm of
      administration of an iron preparation].
AB  - A study was made of the dependence of plutonium distribution among organs and
      tissues on the time of administration of iron preparation. Iron decreased the
      share of plutonium in bone tissues, somewhat increased it in soft tissues, and
      enhanced the excretion of the radionuclide from the organism. The protective
      efficiency of the preparation in relation to bone tissue was associated with the
      time of the administration thereof.

PMID- 4023196
TI  - [Statistical aspects of the relation of the radioprotective action of
      mercaptoethylamine derivatives and analogs to their electron parameters].
AB  - Numerous S-containing substances were used to study the radioprotective
      efficiency of the preparations depending on their microscopic characteristics.
      The method of statistical comparison of the qualitative parameters was used to
      show that the energy parameters were the most informative electron
      characteristics of the molecules. Each of these parameters correlated with the
      physicochemical processes induced in a biological system by ionizing radiation.
      Quantitative estimates were made associating the protective efficiency of the
      substances under study with variations in the electron parameters.

PMID- 4023195
TI  - [Radiosensitivity during the irradiation of animals in an altered gaseous
      environment. A comparative study on mice and rats of the radiation-protective
      effect of oxygen-deficient gas mixtures].
AB  - The radioprotective effect of gas hypoxic mixtures containing 5, 7, 8, 10 and 15%
      of oxygen on mice and rats was comparatively studied. The dependence of DMF upon
      oxygen concentration in the mixture was approximated by a hyperbolic function
      similar to the dependence of the radiomodifying effect of circulatory hypoxia
      caused by radioprotective agents of the indolylalkylamine series.

PMID- 4023197
TI  - [Use of computed tomography in the diagnosis of uterine carcinoma recurrence-
      comparison with other imaging technics].

PMID- 4023198
TI  - [Endomyelography and CT in hydrosyringomyelia and intramedullary drainage
      operations].

PMID- 4023199
TI  - [Computed tomography following orbital surgery].

PMID- 4023200
TI  - [Technic of injecting a contrast medium bolus for serial computed tomography].

PMID- 4023201
TI  - [Guidelines for cerebral (brachiocephalic) angiography].

PMID- 4023202
TI  - [Comparison of film roentgenography and electroroentgenography in the study of
      soft tissue tumors].

PMID- 4023203
TI  - [Changes in bone structure with restricted mobility].

PMID- 4023204
TI  - [Mineral metabolism in fractures based on results of photon absorptiometry].

PMID- 4023205
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of data processing methods for ventilation and perfusion
      scintigraphy of the lungs].

PMID- 4023206
TI  - [Significance of roentgenologic and nuclear medical studies for detecting urinary
      system disorders in lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 4023207
TI  - [Film-screen combinations for x-ray diagnosis--present and future applications].

PMID- 4023208
TI  - [Somatic irradiation risk tp patients during angiography].

PMID- 4023209
TI  - [Initial experiences with a new stereo roentgen technic in general radiology].
AB  - A new stereo X-ray technic, which is simple, easy to handle, universally
      applicable and without intrinsic disadvantages for the patient, is demonstrated.
      The two attributes of stereo X-ray, exact spatial representation of the
      relationship between structures and the addition of the two stereo pictures to
      give better signal/noise ratio are explained. The efficiency of this method is
      presented with investigations of the G.I. tract, abdominal angiography and the
      knee arthrography.

PMID- 4023210
TI  - [Traumatic vascular lesions. Radiological diagnosis--therapeutic consequences].
AB  - Based on experience with 166 traumatic vascular lesions in 148 patients, the
      authors present the diagnostic methods and therapeutic consequences, which are at
      the moment applied at the Medical Highschool Hannover.

PMID- 4023211
TI  - [Intracranial forms of malignant lymphoma manifestations].
AB  - Approximately 10% of patients with malignant lymphoma will show neurological
      symptoms at some time during the course of their illness. In non-Hodgkin
      lymphoma, CNS involvement is more frequent than in Hodgkin's disease. Diffuse
      histiocytic and poorly differentiated lymphomas, bone marrow involvement,
      advanced tumor stage and hematogenous spread are particular risk factors.
      Invasion of the spinal canal is the most common type of CNS involvement.
      Intracranial lesions, which are comparatively rare, may present as intracerebral
      metastases, epi- or subdural masses or focal or diffuse leptomeningeal disease.
      Lymphomatous leptomeningitis usually cannot be demonstrated by CT. On the other
      hand, dural and cerebral parenchymal lesions are sometimes highly characteristic
      of lymphoma as a result of their features and location.

PMID- 4023212
TI  - [Calcifications in a scar keloid].
AB  - Ossification as a dystrophic alteration of scar tissue is not an unusual
      radiologic finding in patients who have had a laparotomy. Calcification or
      ossification in other than abdominal scars following injury, however, represent
      an extremely rare entity. A case of calcifications in posttraumatic keloid
      forming in the submandibular soft tissue is presented and the pathogenesis is
      discussed.

PMID- 4023213
TI  - [Bases for cost calculations in x-ray facilities].
AB  - Economic implications of running an X-ray department in Switzerland will be
      illustrated by comparing operating costs of private radiological institutes with
      and without CT to the operating costs of large radiological departments in
      hospitals with and without CT and to the operating costs of simple X-ray
      equipment in general practitioners' offices. These cost calculations form the
      basis for cost-benefit analyses.

PMID- 4023214
TI  - Pulmonary nodules: detection of calcification by linear and pluridirectional
      movement in tomographic study.
AB  - Calcification within solitary pulmonary nodules (1-2 cm range) was demonstrated
      by conventional tomography in a group of 20 patients. Each patient had a combined
      tomographic examination consisting of 15 degrees linear movement followed by 34
      degrees hypocycloidal movement. Linear tomography was superior to
      pluridirectional tomography in 19 cases for visualization of calcium within the
      nodule. The results are attributed to differences in contrast sensitivity and
      "blur" phenomena between the two tomographic movements. This study, although
      comparing a specific linear movement with a specific pluridirectional movement,
      provides insight into the differences between tomographic techniques for a given
      task.

PMID- 4023215
TI  - Tumor involvement of peripheral joints other than the knee: arthrographic
      evaluation.
AB  - Arthrography was performed in 24 patients with tumors in the region of the
      shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, and ankle. Conventional arthrograms were
      supplemented by arthrotomograms and/or computed arthrotomograms as necessary. The
      presence or absence of joint involvement by tumor was correctly identified in 22
      of 24 patients (91.7%). It is concluded that arthrography is a reliable method
      for detecting joint involvement by tumor, and should be performed if plain
      radiography, conventional tomography, and computed tomography are not definitive
      in demonstrating joint involvement.

PMID- 4023216
TI  - Venous "lakes" of the hands.
AB  - Following pharmacologic vasodilatation, multiple vascular "lakes" were observed
      on angiograms of the hand in 55 patients. Most had no history of vascular
      anomalies or disease. The authors believe that these lakes are venous structures
      and that their filling is a physiologic phenomenon.

PMID- 4023217
TI  - Breast cancer screening: the underuse of mammography.
AB  - The early detection of breast cancer is promoted by the American Cancer Society
      (ACS) and the American College of Radiology (ACR) by encouraging the regular use
      of three types of screening: breast self-examination (BSE), the clinical breast
      examination, and mammography. In August 1983, the ACS publicized seven
      recommendations pertaining to screening, including a revised statement about the
      routine use of mammography for women between the ages of 40 and 49 years. In
      response to the ACS statement, the present study assessed compliance with the
      updated recommendations for all three types of screening. The results show
      reasonable rates of compliance for the BSE (53%-69%) and clinical examination
      (70%-78%). In contrast, only 19% of the women between the ages of 35 and 49 and
      25% of the women older than 50 reported complying with the recommendation to
      undergo one baseline screening mammogram. In addition, only 9% of the mammograms
      were obtained for the early detection of disease, which is the rationale for the
      recommendation. In fact, it appears that mammography is being performed mainly
      for the diagnosis of symptomatic women instead of the screening of asymptomatic
      women. Some implications for health education by physicians and the professional
      education by physicians and the professional education of physicians in the use
      of mammography are discussed.

PMID- 4023218
TI  - Greenfield caval filters: long-term radiographic follow-up study.
AB  - Sixty-nine patients with a Greenfield inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in place
      for 1-9 years were evaluated with supine abdominal radiographs. In 22 patients
      (32%) the filter span diameter had increased by 3-11 mm, and in six patients (9%)
      it had decreased by 3-18 mm. Twenty patients (29%) had caudad migration of 3-18
      mm, and four (6%) had cephalad migration. In five patients (7%) the filter was at
      an angle of more than 16 degrees from the vertical. A decrease in filter span of
      7 mm or more may result in IVC occlusion, whereas an increase of 6 mm or more may
      result in caval wall penetration. Caudad migration may be caused by a fibrous
      reaction around the struts which slowly draws the filter caudally. A change in
      filter angle may result from displacement of a strut into the right renal vein as
      well as from physiologic changes. The abdominal radiograph is a valuable method
      for follow-up study of patients with Greenfield filters if the filter position,
      span, migration, and angle are noted in the report.

PMID- 4023219
TI  - Nonoperative management of benign postoperative biliary strictures.
AB  - Selected benign biliary strictures can be treated safely and successfully by
      percutaneous balloon dilatation. Primary biliary strictures appear to be less
      responsive to balloon dilatation alone and require stenting with large catheters
      (16-20 F) for several months to permit scarring around the catheter. A long
      period of healing around such a large-bore stent is crucial to the success of
      such treatment. The most important physiologic indicators for successful
      dilatation are a long period of stricture challenge with a catheter placed
      proximal to the dilated segment to allow bile to drain internally across the
      previously strictured segment, and a near anatomic result as demonstrated by
      cholangiogram.

PMID- 4023220
TI  - Intrahepatic amebic abscesses: indications for and results of percutaneous
      catheter drainage.
AB  - Medical therapy is standard for intrahepatic amebic abscess and generally is
      effective. However, we have encountered a group of patients in whom percutaneous
      aspiration and drainage was indicated due to uncertainty of diagnosis or clinical
      deterioration of the patient. Twenty such patients underwent percutaneous
      drainage with ultrasound or CT guidance, and each patient was cured (appropriate
      antibiotics were administered concomitantly). The specific indications for
      intervention were to differentiate pyogenic from amebic abscess, pain and
      imminent rupture, poor response to medical therapy, false-negative results of
      serologic tests, noncompliance with medical treatment, left lobe abscess, and
      pregnancy. Diagnosis of amebiasis from examination of the fluid was seldom
      possible, while findings from core biopsy of the wall of the abscess led to
      diagnosis in three cases. Recurrence necessitating redrainage occurred in three
      patients; in each, catheters were removed the same day drainage was performed.
      There were three minor complications. Differences from percutaneous management of
      pyogenic abscesses included more rapid removal of catheters (four days), more
      frequent use of US guidance, and more common use of the prone angled approach to
      avoid pleural contamination. Catheter drainage may be curative and may expedite
      care for problematic amebic liver abscesses in selected cases.

PMID- 4023221
TI  - Biliary stent endoprosthesis: analysis of complications in 113 patients.
AB  - Stent endoprosthesis has been advocated as an alternative to internal-external
      catheter drainage for decompression of biliary obstruction, but drawbacks have
      never been specifically analyzed, to our knowledge. A retrospective review of 118
      biliary stent endoprostheses placed in 113 patients assessed the frequency,
      nature, and treatability of significant complications. Complications were
      categorized as early (morbidity or mortality within the first 30 days) or late
      (after 30 days). The early complication rate was 17% (19/113); the late
      complication rate, 31% (32/102). Early complications were most often due to
      unstable stent positioning in technically difficult procedures involving
      periportal obstruction (4/8), while the most common late problems were lumen
      occlusion (23/102 [23%]), migrations (6/102 [6%]), and tumor overgrowth of the
      stent (3/102 [3%]). Neither the histologic features nor the location of the
      primary tumor correlated with the potential for long-term stent dysfunction.
      Specific treatment of complications was carried out in 17 of 102 patients (17%)
      and almost invariably required readmission and remanipulation or de novo biliary
      drainage.

PMID- 4023222
TI  - Central nervous system anoxic-ischemic insult in children due to near-drowning.
AB  - An analysis of admission and follow-up CT examinations of the brains of 17
      children who had nearly drowned (15 of whom were comatose and two of whom were
      conscious on admission) indicated that a normal initial CT scan is common in the
      majority of comatose patients, a severe neurologic outcome may develop in spite
      of a normal initial CT examination, and abnormal initial or follow-up CT findings
      indicate the strong but not inevitable probability of a severe neurologic
      outcome. We conclude that when there is no head trauma, an initial CT examination
      is not necessary. Prediction of the clinical outcome cannot be made on the basis
      of the initial CT findings.

PMID- 4023223
TI  - Central nervous system hypoxia in children due to near drowning.
AB  - Fourteen children who experienced acute, profound central nervous system hypoxia
      secondary to near drowning, aspiration, or respiratory arrest underwent CT
      examination. During the first week after the episode, the most frequent finding
      was a loss of gray-white matter differentiation. Other findings included
      effacement of sulci and cisterns, focal areas of edema in the cerebral cortex or
      basal ganglia, and hemorrhagic infarctions of the basal ganglia. Subsequent CT
      scans obtained from two weeks to five months after the hypoxic episode showed
      progression of cerebral loss from cortical infarction with gyral hemorrhage and
      enhancement to global parenchymal atrophy. The prognosis is poor in these
      patients: seven children experienced severe neurologic deficits and seven died.

PMID- 4023224
TI  - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: clinical and radiographic findings in children.
AB  - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in childhood occurs so infrequently that it is not
      suspected in affected children until the disease has been present for a long time
      and local spreading has occurred. The survival rates are therefore quite poor.
      Six children with NPC are described. A massive local lymph node spread simulating
      lymphoma was present in half of the patients; in the other half the disease was
      more subtle, presenting with epistaxis and CNS involvement. If an evaluation of
      the nasopharynx were part of the initial physical examination in children, the
      diagnosis of NPC would be made earlier and survival rates would improve.

PMID- 4023225
TI  - Intermittent hydronephrosis: a unique feature of ureteropelvic junction
      obstruction caused by a crossing renal vessel.
AB  - Obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) is usually intrinsic. Recently,
      however, 13 (11%) of approximately 120 children with UPJ obstruction were found
      to have extrinsic obstruction caused by a lower-pole renal vessel. In each case,
      the obstruction was confirmed at the time of surgery. Most of these patients had
      intermittent pain. Excretory urograms did not show obstruction between episodes
      of pain, but when a urogram was obtained during an episode, marked obstruction
      was noted. Contrast agent trapped in a segment of proximal ureter suggests the
      presence of an extrinsic obstruction. Properly timed renal imaging, therefore,
      can identify the urinary tract as the source of the symptoms.

PMID- 4023226
TI  - Aluminum bone disease in children: radiographic features from diagnosis to
      resolution.
AB  - Two children with chronic renal failure developed aluminum intoxication as a
      result of long-term ingestion of aluminum hydroxide for the control of
      hyperphosphatemia. In each child, bone biopsy confirmed severe osteomalacia, the
      absence of features of hyperparathyroid bone disease, and massive aluminum
      deposition at the bone-osteoid junction. Radiographs during the period of
      aluminum intoxication demonstrated osteopenia, pathologic fractures, fraying of
      the metaphyses of the long bones, and widening of the physis. When aluminum
      hydroxide therapy was discontinued (each patient) and aluminum was removed with
      chelation therapy (one patient), radiographs demonstrated a distinctly unusual
      pattern of healing. Calcification of the long bones began at the most recently
      formed osteoid and then proceeded toward the diaphysis. This unusual healing
      pattern created lucent defects and a transient "bone within a bone" appearance,
      which resolved with further healing.

PMID- 4023228
TI  - Lumbar intervertebral disk: correlative MR and anatomic study.
AB  - Exactly corresponding magnetic resonance (MR) images and anatomic sections were
      obtained of cadaveric lumbar intervertebral disks. MR differentiated two major
      components of the intervertebral disk, one corresponding to the collagenous
      fibers in the periphery of the disk, the other corresponding to the combination
      of nucleus and annulus. The vertebral osseous end plate appears to be faintly
      resolved, but may be simulated by a chemical shift artifact. More correlative
      studies and development of additional techniques are needed to characterize
      completely the MR appearance of the intervertebral disks.

PMID- 4023227
TI  - Ocular and orbital lesions: surface coil MR imaging.
AB  - Nine lesions, four ocular (three melanomas, one hemangioma) and five orbital (two
      perioptic meningiomas, one hemangioma, one pseudotumor, one mucocele), were
      evaluated by magnetic resonance surface coil imaging at 1.5 T. Small ocular
      lesions with 3.9-4.5-mm-elevation were demonstrated. The use of two different
      pulse sequences resulted in separation of melanoma from adjacent retinal
      detachment. Contrast obtained between orbital lesions and the adjacent normal
      structures was better than that demonstrated with high-resolution computed
      tomography.

PMID- 4023229
TI  - Use of CT in the evaluation of cochlear otosclerosis.
AB  - Otosclerosis (otospongiosis) occurs when the hard endochondral bone of the otic
      capsule is replaced by spongy vascular foci of haversian bone. Using computed
      tomography (CT), we studied the ears of 32 selected patients with mixed or
      sensorineural hearing loss (one patient had normal hearing); 24 were suspected of
      having otosclerosis. CT proved valuable in detecting cochlear otosclerosis, foci
      of demineralization, and changes in bony texture and enables the easy recognition
      of subtle radiographic findings. Our paper also reports the CT findings of
      temporal bones in osteogenesis imperfecta and Paget disease.

PMID- 4023230
TI  - Use of CT in stapedial otosclerosis.
AB  - Otosclerosis (otospongiosis) is a primary focal disease of the labyrinthine
      capsule. The stapes footplate is fixed when the spongiotic focus expands and
      invades the oval window. Persons with stapedial otosclerosis experience a
      progressive conductive hearing loss. In many cases, cochlear degeneration is
      observed, in which a mixed hearing loss occurs. Using computed tomography (CT),
      we studied the ears of 45 selected patients with conductive or mixed hearing
      loss. CT proved valuable in determining otosclerotic changes of the oval window
      and otic capsule. Spongiotic changes of the otic capsule are better appreciated
      by CT than complex motion tomography. The usefulness of CT in diagnosing other
      causes of conductive or mixed hearing loss is also described.

PMID- 4023231
TI  - Aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses.
AB  - The authors examined 105 proved cases of aspergillosis involving the paranasal
      sinuses or nasal fossa. Mycosis was always unilateral, and the maxillary sinus
      was infected in all cases. Early stages were manifested by an intraluminal soft
      tissue mass representing the mass of mycelia. Fifty-nine patients (56%)
      demonstrated very dense intraluminal calcifications. Such dense concretions
      suggest the diagnosis of aspergillosis.

PMID- 4023232
TI  - Left ventricular volumes measured by MR imaging.
AB  - We assessed the potential of proton magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for
      accurately measuring left ventricular volumes using 15 latex casts of excised
      human left ventricles. The casts were submerged in water to stimulate the
      endocardial left ventricular cavity interface in in vivo imaging conditions.
      Tomographic image sections perpendicular to the long axis of the cast were
      obtained, spanning each cast from apex to base. Simpson's rule was used to
      calculate the cast volumes. Correlation between the actual cast volumes (as
      measured by the displacement method) and the calculated volumes using MR imaging
      for the 15 casts was excellent. Our data demonstrate that MR imaging accurately
      measures cardiac chamber volumes in this in vitro model.

PMID- 4023233
TI  - Radiation fibrosis: differentiation from recurrent tumor by MR imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 21 patients who had undergone radiation therapy
      were analyzed and compared with those of 15 patients who had untreated tumors. T2
      weighted images (TR = 1,500 msec, TE = 90 msec) were most helpful in
      distinguishing recurrent tumor from radiation fibrosis. Radiation fibrosis, like
      muscle, usually remained low in signal intensity on T2-weighted images, while
      tumor demonstrated higher signal intensity. In no patient was the signal
      intensity of tumor the same or less than muscle on the T2-weighted images.
      However, relatively high signal intensity on T2-weighted images is not specific
      for tumor recurrence and may be seen in acute radiation pneumonitis, infection,
      hemorrhage, and even pulmonary radiation fibrosis.

PMID- 4023234
TI  - Esophageal imaging by MR and CT: study of normal anatomy and neoplasms.
AB  - In 20 patients with normal esophagi, spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging
      was performed to determine the appearance at different pulse sequences and T1 and
      T2 values. Twelve patients with esophageal carcinoma were also studied by both MR
      and computed tomography (CT); in ten, there was correlation with surgical and
      pathologic findings. Both MR and CT showed low accuracy in staging the tumors
      (40% and 70%, respectively), mainly because of difficulty in detecting tumor
      invasion through the muscle layer into periesophageal fat. Relatively T1-weighted
      images (repetition time, 0.5 second; echo time, 28 msec) were best for depiction
      of both normal esophageal anatomy and esophageal tumors. T1 and T2 measurements
      varied widely for both normal and abnormal esophagi and thus were not useful in
      predicting histologic findings.

PMID- 4023235
TI  - Peripheral vascular disease: correlation of MR imaging and angiography.
AB  - The capability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for detecting aortic, iliac,
      and femoral stenoses and occlusions was evaluated. Multisection spin-echo studies
      at 0.35 tesla were obtained of the infrarenal aorta to the femoral bifurcation in
      24 patients, all of whom had undergone intraarterial angiography within 14 days
      of imaging. Transaxial MR images were compared with the angiograms. Arterial
      stenoses and occlusions in these vessels detected by MR imaging correlated with
      angiographic findings in 91% of the instances. Protrusional atherosclerotic
      plaques and occlusions and stenoses in the aortoiliac region were demonstrated
      accurately on MR images; complications of previous vascular surgery, such as
      aneurysms at sites of previous anastomoses or endarterectomy, were also
      identified. Due to the limited spatial resolution, MR images failed to
      demonstrate some femoral stenoses. MR imaging may be used for evaluation of
      aortoiliac vascular disease and for follow-up study after surgical
      revascularization. However, the limited spatial resolution, noncomposite display
      of the aortoiliofemoral circulation, and lack of evaluation of peripheral runoff
      provided by current MR imaging techniques militate against its replacing
      angiography prior to vascular intervention.

PMID- 4023236
TI  - Inner volume MR imaging: technical concepts and their application.
AB  - Although cross-sectional magnetic resonance examination of the head and body is
      useful for screening large regions of tissue, subsectional regions of the head
      and body often need to be examined. Orthogonally directed, selectively irradiated
      planes with different flip angles produce a spatially limited signal region from
      which two- or three-dimensional volume images can be reconstructed. Images with
      limited fields-of-view can be acquired in reduced imaging time. We present a
      general description of this technique. These subsectional or "inner volume"
      images eliminate respiratory motion artifacts by excluding moving tissues from
      the imaged volume. A result of this technique is a high signal from rapid
      pulsatile blood flow, produced without cardiac gating the pulse sequence.

PMID- 4023237
TI  - MR imaging technology: maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio from a single tissue.
AB  - The pulse-sequence equations for spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging were used
      to determine interpulse delay times that give the highest signal-to-noise ratio
      from a single tissue. This theoretical result was then verified experimentally
      using 1-, 2-, and 5-mM/l copper sulfate solutions imaged on a 0.15-T resistive
      system. Theoretical analysis determined the spin-echo interpulse delay times that
      maximize the signal-to-noise ratio from a single tissue as TEopt = TEmin, the
      minimum echo delay time permitted by the system, and, to a good approximation,
      TRopt = 1.27 T1 + 1.90 TEmin, with T1 the longitudinal magnetic relaxation time
      of the tissue. Phantom measurements of the signal-to-noise ratio in a typical
      imaging system confirmed the theoretically determined TRopt values to within 7%.

PMID- 4023238
TI  - Constrictive pericardial disease: prognostic significance of a nonvisualized left
      ventricular wall.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with pericardial constriction confirmed by catheterization
      were studied by dynamic computed tomography (CT). The posterolateral wall of the
      left ventricular myocardium was not detected in five patients (19.2%). None had
      evidence of previous myocardial infarction on electrocardiogram or
      levocardiogram. In 16 patients, a pericardiectomy was performed to remove
      pericardial constriction. All five patients with nondetectable posterolateral
      walls of the left ventricle died at or immediately following surgery because of
      acute myocardial failure. Nonvisualization of the posterolateral wall of the left
      ventricle in patients with constrictive pericarditis suggests the presence of
      myocardial fibrosis or atrophy. Surgery is an extremely high risk in these
      patients.

PMID- 4023239
TI  - False lumens in type III aortic dissections: progress CT study.
AB  - The fate of false lumens in 13 patients having Type III aortic dissections was
      studied using computed tomography (CT). Contrast media filled false lumens with
      or without thrombosis were observed in ten patients; the false lumens of three
      patients were entirely thrombosed at initial examination. Follow-up CT studies
      showed shrinkage or disappearance of the false lumens with thrombosis in four
      patients, progression of thrombosis in two patients, and enlargement of the false
      lumen in one patient who subsequently required surgical repair. No change was
      observed in the remaining six patients during our observation period. CT study
      provides useful information for evaluating the efficacy of medical treatment and
      the timing of surgical intervention during follow-up evaluation of medically
      treated Type III aortic dissections.

PMID- 4023240
TI  - Paratracheal lymphadenopathy: radiographic findings and correlation with CT.
AB  - Possible signs of paratracheal lymphadenopathy on the posteroanterior (PA) chest
      radiograph were assessed in 98 patients and correlated with computed tomography
      (CT). The nodes were normal in size in 62 patients and enlarged (greater than 15
      mm) in 36. Among the latter group, widening of the right paratracheal stripe was
      seen in 11 (31%) and enlargement of the azygos node in 15 (42%). While the
      lateral contour of the superior vena cava (SVC) was convex in 46 patients (47%),
      81 (83%) had an increased density in the region of the SVC. When all four
      parameters were combined, lymphadenopathy could be detected on the PA view in 87
      patients (89%). CT demonstrated that the enlarged nodes were anterolateral rather
      than directly lateral to the trachea and also immediately posterior to the SVC,
      explaining the findings on the PA radiograph.

PMID- 4023241
TI  - Acute pancreatitis: prognostic value of CT.
AB  - In 83 patients with acute pancreatitis, the initial computed tomographic (CT)
      examinations were classified by degree of disease severity (grades A-E) and were
      correlated with the clinical follow-up, objective prognostic signs, and
      complications and death. The length of hospitalization correlated well with the
      severity of the initial CT findings. Abscesses occurred in 21.6% of the entire
      group, compared with 60.0% of grade E patients. Pleural effusions were also more
      common in grade E patients. Grades A and B patients did not have abscesses, and
      none died, regardless of the number of prognostic signs. Abscesses were seen in
      80.0% of patients with six to eight prognostic signs, compared with 12.5% of
      those with zero to two. The use of prognostic signs with initial CT findings
      results in improved prognostic accuracy. Early CT examination of patients with
      acute pancreatitis is a useful prognostic indicator of morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 4023242
TI  - Hydranencephaly: US appearance during in utero evolution.
AB  - Massive intracranial hemorrhage was diagnosed in utero in a 27-week-old fetus.
      The subsequent development of hydranencephaly was monitored by ultrasound until
      term.

PMID- 4023243
TI  - Pectus excavatum in children: pulmonary scintigraphy before and after corrective
      surgery.
AB  - Regional distribution of pulmonary function was evaluated preoperatively and
      postoperatively with xenon-133 perfusion and ventilation scintigraphy in 17
      patients with pectus excavatum. Ventilatory preoperative studies were abnormal in
      12 of 17 patients, resolving in seven of 12 postoperatively. Perfusion scans were
      abnormal in ten of 17 patients preoperatively; six of ten showed improvement
      postoperatively. Ventilation-perfusion ratios were abnormal in ten of 17
      patients, normalizing postoperatively in six of ten. Symmetry of ventilation
      perfusion ratio images improved in six out of nine in the latter group. The
      distribution of regional lung function in pectus excavatum can be evaluated
      preoperatively to support indications for surgery. Postoperative improvement can
      be documented by physiological changes produced by the surgical correction.

PMID- 4023244
TI  - Postcholecystectomy syndrome: evaluation using biliary scintigraphy and
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
AB  - We prospectively studied 30 patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome to
      determine the efficacy of biliary scintigraphy in the detection of stenosis of
      the sphincter of Oddi. All patients underwent endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Biliary scintigraphy disclosed stenosis of the
      sphincter by agreement with the ERCP or surgical findings in nine (90%) of ten
      patients and in eight (100%) of eight patients with biliary obstruction from
      other causes. Retention of activity at 2 hours in visually prominent ducts was
      the best predictor of abnormal biliary drainage. Biliary scintigraphy is a
      useful, noninvasive screening test for the detection of postcholecystectomy
      biliary obstruction.

PMID- 4023245
TI  - Sphincter of Oddi stenosis: diagnosis using hepatobiliary scintigraphy and
      endoscopic manometry.
AB  - To determine the role of radionuclide imaging in diagnosing sphincter of Oddi
      stenosis, 21 patients with symptoms suggesting this disorder underwent endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiopancreatography, cholescintigraphy, and, when possible,
      endoscopic manometry. Those patients with abnormal hepatobiliary scintigraphy
      results--based on our criteria of delayed biliary intestinal transit, abnormal
      duct size, and abnormal time-activity dynamics and obstruction--had a mean basal
      sphincter pressure of 38.5 mm Hg. Sphincter pressures could not be measured in
      six patients with sphincters too tight to cannulate. Ten patients who underwent
      hepatobiliary scanning both before and after sphincter surgery had normal scan
      results on the repeat study. Hepatobiliary imaging appears useful for diagnosis
      of sphincter of Oddi stenosis in selected patients in whom manometry cannot be
      performed and for objective assessment of response to therapy.

PMID- 4023246
TI  - Pericholecystic hepatic activity in cholescintigraphy.
AB  - Gallbladder nonvisualization in cholescintigraphy has been shown to be a reliable
      finding in acute cholecystitis. In some cholescintigrams, we have observed
      faintly increased pericholecystic hepatic activity in conjunction with
      gallbladder nonvisualization. To determine the frequency and significance of the
      pericholecystic hepatic activity finding, we evaluated 334 consecutive adult
      patients who had cholescintigrams with technetium-99m diisopropylphenylcarboamoyl
      iminodiacetic acid. Pericholecystic hepatic activity was seen in 21% of the
      abnormal scans demonstrating gallbladder nonvisualization but in none of the
      other scans. Thirteen of these patients underwent surgery; 11 (85%) were found to
      have acute cholecystitis, and two (15%) had chronic cholecystitis. Four patients
      (31%) had acute gangrenous cholecystitis, and five (39%) had cholecystitis
      complicated by gallbladder perforation. The pericholecystic hepatic activity sign
      is not specific for gangrenous cholecystitis or gallbladder perforation but does
      reliably indicate inflammatory gallbladder disease and is associated with a
      relatively high incidence of cholecystitis complicated by perforation.

PMID- 4023247
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the eye: treatment of posterior uveal lesions by Co-60
      plaque radiotherapy versus enucleation.
AB  - Survival rates and visual acuity of 100 patients treated for posterior uveal
      malignant melanoma by cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy were compared with 150
      patients treated by enucleation for the same disease. Life-table comparisons of
      the entire group showed significant differences in survival rates, with plaque
      radiotherapy patients appearing to fare better. However, when patients with small
      or medium tumors were compared, only slight differences were seen, implying that
      criteria used to select patients for treatment may affect interpretation. The two
      groups were also compared using the Cox proportional hazards model, which
      predicts survival based on the impact of clinical variables. In this analysis,
      the survival rates of the plaque radiotherapy group were no worse than those of
      the enucleation group. The advantage of conservative therapy lies in the
      potential to preserve useful vision over a considerable time. Because patients
      were specifically selected for treatment modality and because the study size used
      to calibrate the Cox model was small, the results of this study must be
      interpreted with caution.

PMID- 4023248
TI  - Statement from the 1985 Paris meeting of the International Commission on
      Radiological Protection. Special report.

PMID- 4023249
TI  - A rectal monitor for use with afterloading intracavitary radioactive implants.
AB  - A battery-powered monitor that uses a miniature Geiger-Muller tube operating in
      the pulse-counting mode has been constructed. It is used with low-activity cesium
      137 sources. The monitor gives a reading within about 1 second, has a standard
      deviation of 2% of the mean, and is safe, reliable, and stable.

PMID- 4023250
TI  - Orbital tumor irradiation using non-coplanar beams.
AB  - Irradiation of the orbit is often associated with substantial dose inhomogeneity
      resulting from the insertion of lens blocks. We postulated that such dose
      inhomogeneity, which often exceeds 40%, could be halved by the use of two pairs
      of wedged beams, one angled in the sagittal plane and the other in the commonly
      employed transverse plane. The sagittal plane is obtained by turning the
      treatment couch 90 degrees. All beams carried a central-axis lens block and were
      angled 30 degrees relative to the vertical. Verification of dose distribution was
      obtained by film dosimetry in a head phantom for central- and off-axis planes.
      These measurements indicate that significant improvement in dose homogeneity over
      alternate methods can be achieved with this technique.

PMID- 4023251
TI  - Temporomandibular joint arthrography of normal subjects: prevalence of pain with
      ionic versus nonionic contrast agents.
AB  - Bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMI) arthrography was performed in 31 healthy
      subjects to determine the prevalence and degree of postprocedural pain and to
      establish if morbidity could be decreased by use of a nonionic contrast agent.
      Ionic contrast material (Hypaque 60%) was injected on one side and nonionic
      contrast material (Amipaque) on the other side. The pain experienced in the 5
      days following arthrography was graded and recorded. Discomfort, when present,
      was described as mild or moderate and usually lasted for 2 days after the
      procedure. In no instance was the pain considered severe. There was significantly
      less pain on the side that was injected with nonionic contrast material. The
      invasiveness of the examination should not be a deterrent since discomfort from
      TMJ arthrography is minimal when performed by an experienced arthrographer; use
      of a nonionic contrast agent can further decrease the pain.

PMID- 4023252
TI  - Antegrade internal ureteral stenting: a technical refinement.
AB  - A pliable, easy to place, double pigtail, internal ureteral stent made of
      elastomeric polyurethane is described. The tapered distal pigtail end minimizes
      bladder irritation and the combination of a pusher and absorbable suture enables
      optimal placement of the proximal pigtail end in the renal pelvis. Ten stents
      used in eight patients remained functional without bladder irritation for a mean
      period of 8 months (range, 2-14 months).

PMID- 4023253
TI  - Surgical ligation clip artifacts on CT scans.
AB  - Surgical ligation clips of various materials were scanned in a water-filled
      phantom to determine what artifacts would be produced. Tantalum clips produced
      severe image degradation, while stainless steel clips produced less severe
      degradation. Minimal artifacts were observed with titanium clips. Clips molded
      from an absorbable polymeric material, polydioxanone, were visible on computed
      tomography (CT) scans and had the least effect on the CT image.

PMID- 4023254
TI  - Leg-length determination with biplanar CT scanograms.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) scanograms provide an accurate method for evaluation of
      leg-length discrepancy. Flexion of a leg may be missed on a single frontal
      projection, and the measurements obtained will be erroneously shortened. When
      performing CT sonography, lateral views of the limbs may be easily and rapidly
      obtained without having to change the position of the patient. This permits
      assessment of limb flexion.

PMID- 4023255
TI  - Supine thallium 201 cardiac testing compared with treadmill testing.
AB  - Although thallium 201 stress testing is usually performed on a treadmill (Tl-TM),
      supine bicycle-ergometer-exercise thallium 201 testing (Tl-SB) has been reported.
      We performed a study to evaluate the accuracy of Tl-SB in evaluation of coronary
      artery disease and to correlate its results with those of Tl-TM. Fifty patients
      underwent both Tl-SB and Tl-TM testing in random sequence an average of 1 week
      apart. Tl-TM produced significantly higher maximal pulse rates and pulse-pressure
      products. Cardiac thallium kinetics differed significantly between Tl-SB and Tl
      TM with Tl-TM producing greater initial myocardial uptake and greater thallium
      201 washout between immediate and delayed images. Compared with results of
      catheterization, Tl-TM was significantly more accurate than Tl-SB for evaluation
      of coronary artery disease, with higher sensitivity and specificity.

PMID- 4023256
TI  - Very stiff guide wire with a floppy tip.
AB  - Many interventional procedures, particularly dilation of tracts, require stiff
      guide wires with a floppy tip. Such a guide wire was specially constructed and is
      commercially available.

PMID- 4023257
TI  - Re: Reticular pattern as a radiologic sign of the Barrett esophagus.

PMID- 4023258
TI  - Re: Candida esophagitis: accuracy of radiographic diagnosis.

PMID- 4023259
TI  - Re: A simple method for retrieving metal foreign objects from an MR imager.

PMID- 4023261
TI  - Third International Duran-Reynals Symposium: Viruses, Oncogenes, and Cancer.
      Barcelona, Spain, May 14-17, 1984.

PMID- 4023260
TI  - Re: Immediate barium enema following colorectal biopsy.

PMID- 4023262
TI  - Cooperation between cellular oncogenes in the transformation of primary rat
      embryo fibroblasts.

PMID- 4023264
TI  - Exploring carcinogenesis with retroviral and cellular oncogenes.

PMID- 4023263
TI  - Genetic factors in susceptibility to viral leukemogenesis.

PMID- 4023266
TI  - [N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase and 6-sulfatase].

PMID- 4023265
TI  - Activation of c-ras oncogenes is associated with tumor induction in experimental
      animals.

PMID- 4023267
TI  - [Freud's psychological methods in art].

PMID- 4023268
TI  - ["Always daughter of the air." The dangerous life of Effie Briest].

PMID- 4023269
TI  - [Frank Wedekind's street ballad "The teacher of Mezzodur." A poetisized case
      study from the area of forensic psychiatry].

PMID- 4023270
TI  - [The ruined picture of modern man in Gunter Grass' novel "The Tin Drum"].

PMID- 4023271
TI  - Age and functions of the transient component of ON and OFF responses in visual
      processes.

PMID- 4023272
TI  - Visual-field differences for a number--non-number classification of alphabetic
      and ideographic stimuli.

PMID- 4023273
TI  - A study of braille reading: 1. Reading speed as a function of hand usage and
      context.

PMID- 4023274
TI  - A study of braille reading: 2. Patterns of hand activity in one-handed and two
      handed reading.

PMID- 4023275
TI  - Movement cues and body orientation in recall of locations by blind and sighted
      children.

PMID- 4023276
TI  - [Precision measurements of the Doppler broadening of positron annihilation
      radiations using a simultaneous and comparative detection technique].
AB  - The precision measurement system of the Doppler broadening profiles of positron
      annihilation radiations using a simultaneous and comparative detection technique
      has been developed and was applied to the study of grown-in defects in indium
      phosphide (InP). Annihilation energy spectra in the specimen to be examined and
      in a standard one were simultaneously measured by a single pure Ge detector. Each
      specimen incorporated a 22Na positron source in a sandwiched form between two
      identical samples. The colinear directional correlation of two photon
      annihilation allows us to route the output of ADC (analogue to digital converter)
      to different memory sections. For the purpose of discrimination which source
      emitted the analysed gamma ray, two auxiliary NaI(Tl) detectors were used. Such a
      simultaneous and comparative measurement was found to be free of drift in
      electronics during the course of experiments over 10 weeks. Furthermore, the
      coincidence measurement reduced the background due to 1.28 MeV prompt gamma rays.
      This technique was applied to the detection of a positional distribution of grown
      in defects in an InP wafer, which was slivered along a plane involving growth
      axis from the single crystal ingot grown by a liquid encapsulated Czochralski
      technique. The narrowing of Doppler broadening profiles was observed at the
      center and at the periphery of the wafer. This result well resembles the
      positional distribution of dislocations observed by the etch pit counting.

PMID- 4023277
TI  - Substoichiometric determination of cobalt in crud.
AB  - A substoichiometric extraction method with nitroso-R salt (NRS) has been studied
      for the determination of trace Co in crud. The Co-NRS complex is extracted
      substoichiometrically into Capriquat-CHCl3 at pH 6.5-9.0 in 20 min of shaking
      time. The analytical results obtained by the method are within 3% of relative
      error in the determination range of 5 to 50 micrograms. The proposed method is
      simple and has sensitivity of 0.5 micrograms, though Fe(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)
      seriously interfere. The results applied for the determination of trace Co in
      crud are described.

PMID- 4023278
TI  - [Separation of HT and HTO in the atmosphere with porous Vycor glass tube].
AB  - The continuous selective monitoring of tritium gas (HT) in the air containing HT
      and tritiated water vapor (HTO) was investigated by using the separation cell
      made of porous Vycor glass tube. On admitting the air containing HT or HTO into
      the separation cell, HT permeated immediately through the Vycor tube depending on
      the partial pressure, however, HTO permeated very slowly through the Vycor tube
      after initial induction period. The initial induction period was elongated with a
      rise of the temperature of separation cell and then the permeability of HTO
      decreased remarkably. In the air containing HT and water vapor, the permeation of
      HT through the Vycor tube was considerably restricted by the water vapor adsorbed
      on the Vycor tube at lower temperature (at 25 degrees C) but it was hardly
      affected by water vapor at higher temperature (greater than 50 degrees C) since
      water vapor was difficult to adsorb on the Vycor tube. These results indicated
      that HT in the air containing HT and water vapor can be continuously monitored by
      using the separation cell made of the porous Vycor glass tube.

PMID- 4023279
TI  - [Safety mechanism against earthquakes for gamma radiography apparatus].

PMID- 4023280
TI  - [Scoring system for type B hepatitis associated antigen and antibody by a
      radioimmunoassay kit--anti HBc].

PMID- 4023281
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on a TPA kit, Prolifigen].

PMID- 4023282
TI  - [Surface treatment by a low energy electron beam. Present status and future
      prospect].

PMID- 4023283
TI  - [Tests on type A packages for radioisotope transportation].

PMID- 4023285
TI  - Identification of genotoxic and epigenetic carcinogens in liver culture systems.
AB  - Liver culture systems are available for identifying the DNA reactivity of
      carcinogens and a cell membrane effect, which appears to be associated with
      neoplasm-promoting ability. Using these and other approaches, carcinogens can be
      categorized as genotoxic or epigenetic. This distinction has implications for
      risk assessment.

PMID- 4023284
TI  - Toxicity, biodegradability, and accumulation of a number of Cl/N-containing
      compounds for classification and establishing water quality criteria.
AB  - The evaluation of the ecotoxicity of chemical compounds is often hampered by the
      scarcity of the literature data on toxicity, biodegradability, and accumulation.
      In this study additional data on 16 Cl/N-containing organic compounds were
      gathered by laboratory experiments. For assignment to so-called gray or black
      lists, two different classification schemes were used. According to both schemes
      3-nitrotoluene, 1,2- and 1,3-dichlorobenzene, the 1-chloro-nitrobenzenes, 2,3
      dichloronitrobenzene, 2-chloroaniline, and 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline were marked as
      black list substances, primarily based on poor biodegradability; 2- and 4
      nitrotoluene, nitrobenzene, and 2-methoxyaniline were classified as gray list
      substances. For 3- and 4-methoxyaniline and 1,4-dichlorobenzene no agreement in
      classification was obtained. Additionally, water quality criteria are proposed
      for 2-, 3-, and 4-nitrotoluene and nitrobenzene, based on long-term toxicity
      data: respectively 0.3, 0.2, 0.4, and 1.0 mg/liter.

PMID- 4023286
TI  - Legal and political aspects of the regulation of chemicals: Swiss environmental
      protection law.
AB  - The premises for regulations in the field of ecology demonstrate clear scientific
      deficiency regarding basic relations in technical and scientific aspects but also
      a deep political disagreement on how to cope with them. These characteristics
      result in a new kind of law whose prime notion is to satisfy a social concern.
      The Swiss ecology regulation may be qualified as a so-called "tentative
      legislation." The structure of this kind of legislation is shown in the use of
      unclear notions, goal-oriented rules, and deviation to governmental and
      administrative regulation and may even lead to a more or less symbolic use of
      legislation.

PMID- 4023287
TI  - Some issues in the quantitative modeling portion of cancer risk assessment.
AB  - Several questions should be asked in order to determine the relevance and
      scientific merit of a quantitative cancer risk assessment. Twenty such questions
      are formulated here and briefly discussed. These questions are intended to
      identify important issues and serve as a checklist for risk managers and
      developers of quantitative risk assessments. Among the many factors involved in
      these questions are the carcinogenic response, quantal response models, time to
      response, competing risks, model shapes, goodness of fit, dose scale, high-to-low
      dose extrapolation, consistency across different subjects, animal-to-human
      extrapolation, route-to-route extrapolation, exposure durations and patterns,
      short-term tests, consistency with human epidemiological data, human exposures,
      statistical variability, impacts of assumptions and policy decisions and value
      judgments, risk characterization, upper and lower bounds, and keeping pace with
      scientific advances.

PMID- 4023288
TI  - The role of the chimpanzee in the evaluation of the risk of foreign chemicals to
      man.
AB  - Various species of laboratory animals are used to evaluate the efficacy and
      safety of drugs in man. However, the extrapolation of data from animals to man is
      often complicated by species differences in the disposition of foreign chemicals.
      The findings of comparative metabolism studies are used to illustrate species
      differences in metabolic pathways, rates of biotransformation, kinetics, and
      excretion routes. Biochemical and structural consequences of the significant
      differences in enzyme induction between rodents and primate species are
      discussed. Among the primates, the chimpanzee has been shown to be the most
      closely related to man not only in the disposition of xenobiotics, but also in
      the aspects of endocrinology, serology, and immunology. It would, therefore, be
      the best possible model to predict the fate and effects of foreign chemicals in
      man. Due to the limited availability of chimpanzees, however, they can only be
      used for the evaluation of the most critical chemicals and drugs. Comparative
      metabolism and disposition studies, e.g., of compounds representative of classes
      of chemicals in chimpanzees and other animals. Only when the pertinent
      differences between the selected test species and man are known can correct
      extrapolations to man be made.

PMID- 4023289
TI  - Uncertainty factors and interindividual variation.
AB  - Human variation in response to environmental agents appears often greater than a
      factor of 10, sometimes even up to several orders of magnitude. However, the vast
      majority of people studied to date respond within a factor of 10. The
      implications of these findings for the current use of uncertainty factors in
      regulatory toxicology is discussed.

PMID- 4023290
TI  - Potential consequences of a fire in an insecticide storage facility.
AB  - Assumptions are identified and made in an attempt to model the acute human health
      risk associated with a hypothetical fire in an insecticide storage facility. The
      insecticides used in the model are endrin and dimethoate. The model indicates
      that persons residing a few hundred meters from the facility could suffer a
      variety of adverse effects, including possible death from contact with smoke from
      a prolonged, low-temperature fire. Knowledge of the special hazards of cool toxic
      smoke as well as current atmospheric conditions could be of use to fire fighters.
      That is, fire fighters might wisely choose to promote a fast, hot fire which
      would propel toxicants high into the atmosphere rather than risk local
      fumigation.

PMID- 4023291
TI  - Histologic and cytogenetic effects of redentin on the spermiogenesis and bone
      marrow cells of the mouse, an in vivo experiment.
AB  - The chromosomes in bone marrow cells and spermatocytes of Redentin (1 X 20 mg/kg,
      po)-treated CFLP strain male mice were examined. Spermiogenesis was checked
      histologically. On the basis of the results, it can be stated that Redentin, at
      this experimental dosage, did not induce chromosome aberrations nor did it damage
      spermiogenesis.

PMID- 4023292
TI  - A testing strategy to evaluate the mutagenic activity of industrial chemicals in
      cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - Based on the published guidelines of regulatory agencies and the latest
      scientific findings, an experimental strategy for the routine testing of the
      mutagenic activity of industrial chemicals in mammalian cells in vitro is
      designed. The strategy includes three individual experiments: (1) a range-finding
      experiment for cytotoxicity to determine the appropriate doses to be used in
      subsequent mutagenicity testing; (2) mutagenicity testing at limited doses with
      different concentrations of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver homogenate (S9); and
      (3) a more extensive dose-response experiment using an S9 concentration
      determined to be optimum in mutagenicity. Besides satisfying the guidelines of
      regulatory agencies, this strategy should yield data that allow sound scientific
      judgment on the mutagenicity of the chemicals tested.

PMID- 4023293
TI  - The use of epidemiology, scientific data, and regulatory authority to determine
      risk factors in cancers of some organs of the digestive system. 1. Introduction.
AB  - Continuing concern about cancer provides an impetus for continuing efforts to
      reduce its incidence and improve its treatment. Efforts to improve treatment are
      seen as highly desirable and excite little controversy, but attempts to reduce
      cancer incidence by regulatory intervention raise questions about cost-benefit
      ratios. Difficulties of making cost-benefit decisions are compounded by the lack
      of adequate data, especially in the area of cancer incidence and mortality, to
      demonstrate that regulatory or program intervention has effected any improvement.
      Regulatory agencies such as Food and Drug Administration can use descriptive
      epidemiological methods to determine trends in disease and magnitudes of exposed
      populations largely from readily available data, e.g., mortality data, data from
      National Cancer Institute surveys, census data, and food consumption data. The
      goal of these studies is to identify any unexpected changes in incidence or
      mortality through surveillance of the available data for time trends and through
      probes of specific data collected during research activities or gathered in
      support of regulatory decisions.

PMID- 4023294
TI  - [Massive edema of the ovary. Report of a case].

PMID- 4023295
TI  - [Primary squamous carcinoma of the gallbladder. Report of a case].

PMID- 4023296
TI  - [Identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci in hospitalized patients].

PMID- 4023297
TI  - [Comparative study of the lipid profile in the Panamanian male population].

PMID- 4023298
TI  - [Morphine and meperidine. Comparative analysis of their use in epidural
      analgesia].

PMID- 4023299
TI  - [10-year review of biopsies of metastases in the Metropolitan Hospital Complex of
      the Social Security Administration].

PMID- 4023300
TI  - [Ciliary dyskinesia syndrome].

PMID- 4023301
TI  - [Evaluation of the chronic lymphocytic leukemias].

PMID- 4023302
TI  - [Clinical significance of the enlargement of the descending pulmonary artery in
      pulmonary embolism].
AB  - The authors reviewed chest radiographs of 158 patients with clinical suspicion of
      pulmonary embolism, subsequently confirmed in 73 and excluded in 85. Right
      descending pulmonary artery, measured at 4 different levels, was significantly
      enlarged at acute embolization in respect to either the diameter showed at
      recovery and the upper normal limit reported in literature. Moreover, the artery
      was significantly wider in embolic than in non embolic patients. In addition, the
      shape of this artery was modified in embolism, since the prevailing enlargement
      of its upper sections caused the artery to take a truncated cone appearance.
      "Sausage" appearance of the artery, never found in non embolic patients, was
      specific for embolism. The radiographic width of the descending pulmonary artery
      enabled also to identify patients most seriously ill, since it showed a positive
      linear correlation with the degree of perfusion impairment.

PMID- 4023303
TI  - [Magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of diseases of the brain and spinal cord].
AB  - More than 1300 patients have been examined with MR for diseases of the CNS since
      October 1983. Eight hundred patients were studied with a resistive 0.15 Tesla
      system and the remaining with a superconductive 0.5 Tesla system. Lesions of the
      cervical spinal cord, syringomyelia and intra or extra-axial tumors, were
      perfectly demonstrated. The absence of artefacts in the posterior fossa, as well
      as sagittal and coronal slices, allow an excellent demonstration of lesions,
      particularly of brain stem tumors. In a large group of patients with multiple
      sclerosis, MR has proven to be diagnostically superior to CT, evoked potentials
      and CSF examination. Sensitivity is very high but specificity may be low in infra
      and supratentorial gliomas. Differentiation of tumor from oedema may be
      difficult.

PMID- 4023304
TI  - [Anomalies of the lumbosacral nerve roots].
AB  - Three cases of lumbosacral nerve root anomalies at their emergence are presented.
      They have been diagnosed by using water soluble non ionic contrast medium
      myelography. They all belonged to Cannon's type I classification (conjoined
      roots) and they were all localized at L5-S1 level. The authors emphasize that
      such anomalies give no symptoms and they underline the importance of their
      recognition in view of a correct surgical treatment.

PMID- 4023305
TI  - [Cardiac complications of intravenous digital angiography. Comparison of ionic
      and nonionic contrast media].
AB  - The review of 1405 digital intravenous subtraction angiographies carried out in
      the period may 1982-february 1985 showed in about 2% of the cases cardiac
      symptoms, which arose during or after the examination. In the great majority of
      the cases the symptomatology was characterized by angina pectoris. In order to
      better understand these data and analysing the results of the literature, a trial
      has been performed in 100 patients who underwent DSA. They have been divided into
      two groups in which two different contrast media, ionic (sodium meglumine
      diatrizoate) and non ionic (iopamidol) have been randomly injected. A detailed
      cardiologic anamnesis has been collected and EKG has been performed before and
      after each injection with pre-established gaps. The results showed that the
      incidence of cardiac symptoms and EKG variations is lesser with the non ionic
      contrast medium: therefore this agent is to be preferred at least in patients at
      risk from cardiologic point of view.

PMID- 4023307
TI  - [2 cases of cryptococcosis].

PMID- 4023306
TI  - [A method of quality control in thermoluminescent dosimetry].
AB  - This work suggests a quality control method for thermoluminescent dosimetry. For
      each set of dosemeters, read-out has been made at increasing values of dose, on
      the base of predetermined conditions in different read-out techniques and from
      different operators. The statistical analysis of each possible group of T.L.D.
      permitted us to draw the error-response curves and the relative precision
      profiles and to select the best evaluation techniques and the best operator on
      the base of precision, sensitivity and useful range.

PMID- 4023308
TI  - [Chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint. Tomographic and CT findings].

PMID- 4023309
TI  - [Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis].

PMID- 4023310
TI  - [Femoral lengthening by transverse diaphyseal osteotomy. Experimental study in
      the dog].
AB  - Previous work has shown that extensive areas of bone necrosis developed after Z
      osteotomies of the femoral shaft. A study was made on 11 dogs to compare the
      effects of a transverse osteotomy followed by immediate lengthening,
      stabilisation by plates and bone grafting. The bone vitality was studied at 8 and
      16 weeks by histological sections and angiography. Attention was focussed on the
      area of lengthening and the bone ends. The results showed the superiority of
      transverse osteotomy over Z-osteotomy. Bone necrosis diminished at the 16 th
      week. In the area of lengthening, the vascularity of the grafts was satisfactory.
      In contrast, the tendons of the Z-osteotomy showed constant necrosis.

PMID- 4023311
TI  - [Disepiphysiodesis together with tibial osteotomy in the treatment of Blount's
      disease. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors have studied two cases of Blount's disease in girls aged 9. They were
      treated by operative correction of premature epiphyseal closure, together with
      tibial osteotomy. In the first case, both procedures were performed
      simultaneously without hypercorrection, followed by a short period of non weight
      bearing and was a failure. In the second case, tibial osteotomy was performed
      first to produce hypercorrection. Division of the premature closure of the medial
      side of the growth-plate using cement was performed two months later. Weight
      bearing was not allowed for six months. There was a successful result. It is
      noted that a combination of tibial osteotomy and lateral epiphysiodesis was
      followed by a shortening of the limb and must often be repeated several times.
      The elimination of the premature closure of the medial side of the plate appears
      to be a better procedure when associated with tibial osteotomy.

PMID- 4023312
TI  - [Posterior and external transtrochanteric approaches for total hip prosthesis.
      Comparative study].
AB  - 1100 total hip prostheses were inserted between 1977 and 1978. Among them, the
      authors have selected at random 150 cases operated on by the Austin Moore
      approach and 150 cases by trochanteric division. The pathology and the type of
      patient were the same in both groups. A study of the late results showed no
      difference between the two series. In each, there were two early infections and
      three late infections. The rate of post-operative dislocation was the same, two
      early and six late in the Moore approach group, and five early, and two late in
      the trochanteric division group. There were six sciatic involvements after the
      Moore approach but only three after trochanteric division, but in this last group
      there were complications relating to the trochanteric division itself. There were
      no statistical differences in a comparison of the numbers of re-interventions
      required. Both techniques appeared to be satisfactory. The Moore approach
      appeared to be better for the comfort of the patient and does not give any
      additional risk. Trochanteric osteotomy is indicated in particularly stiff hips,
      when the greater trochanter has to be displaced downwards or in cases of post
      operative scarring.

PMID- 4023313
TI  - [Trochanteric fractures in the elderly: Ender nails, prostheses or direct
      osteosyntheses. Apropos of a continuous series of 265 cases].
AB  - The results of 265 trochanteric fractures in the elderly treated between 1980 and
      1983 have been analysed. Among them, 136 were treated by Ender's nailing, 110 by
      prostheses and 19 by internal fixation. In an earlier study, Ender's nailing had
      been used in 75 p. 100 of cases. The conclusions were that the increasing use of
      a prosthesis has brought about an improvement in the results-80 p. 100
      satisfactory in the present series compared with 54 p. 100 in the preceding one.
      The mortality rate was comparable after Ender's nailing and prostheses. Ender's
      nailing is indicated in stable fractures and, in unstable fractures, internal
      fixation is indicated in very active persons, Ender's nailing in non-ambulatory
      patients and prostheses in elderly patients with sufficient walking ability.

PMID- 4023314
TI  - [Long-term course of lumbar curvature following Harrington instrumentation for
      thoracic or double major idiopathic scoliosis].
AB  - A long-term follow-up study has been made of 276 patients with thoracic or double
      major idiopathic curves treated by Harrington rodding between 1963 and 1971. 82
      patients were able to be followed up to the present date, including 24 double
      major idiopathic curves and 58 thoracic or thoracolumbar curves. The average
      follow-up was 15 years with a maximum of 20 years. There were 71 female and 11
      male patients. It was concluded that the lumbar curve associated with a thoracic
      or thoraco-lumbar curve lost about 9.9 degrees when the lower point of insertion
      of the rod was higher than L3. When it was at L3 or L4 loss of correction was
      only 3.6 degrees. During the same period the loss of correction of the main
      grafted curve was 13.6 degrees. In double major curves, the best results were
      obtained when the lumbar curve was completely or almost completely fused, with an
      average correction of 17.2 degrees. The results were good when the fixation
      extended to the apex of the lumbar curve, with an average correction of 11.6
      degrees and was moderate when it extended to a higher level with an average
      correction of 10.9 degrees. It is concluded that in almost all cases,
      instrumentation needs to be extended to a low level at L3 or L4 to provide
      greater stability. A study on all 276 cases showed that the morphological
      adaptation beneath the grafts was satisfactory and long lasting. When the
      instrumentation stopped at the level of T12, L1 or L2 there was a danger of the
      development of secondary lumbar kyphosis. Low back pain was not made worse in any
      cases of low lumbar fixation.

PMID- 4023315
TI  - [Restoration of elbow extension in the tetraplegic by transplantation of the
      posterior deltoid. Study of 21 cases].
AB  - The authors have transferred the posterior part of the deltoid muscle to the
      triceps in 21 tetraplegics. A modification of Moberg's technique has been
      employed utilising a strip of fascia lata reinforced by Dacron sutures to allow
      rehabilitation after only 3 weeks. Despite limited active extension of the elbow
      and diminished power, results were considered to be satisfactory by the patients.
      They benefited from a greater range of movement of the hand, an improved
      possibility of bearing weight, improvement in the use of wheelchairs and better
      ability to express their bladder.

PMID- 4023316
TI  - [Penetrating wound of the leg by a foreign body and arteriovenous fistula.
      Apropos of a case involving the posterior tibial artery].
AB  - The authors report a case of arterio-venous fistula of the posterior tibial
      artery after a gunshot wound. They emphasise the value of digital arteriography
      in such cases. Repair of the artery two months after injury was followed by
      healing.

PMID- 4023318
TI  - [Unicompartmental arthroplasty (Lotus type) in the treatment of lateralized
      gonarthrosis in the elderly. Outcome after more than 5 years of 56 prostheses
      analyzed in 1981].
AB  - The progress of 56 uni-compartmental knee arthroplasties has been studied. Five
      were lost to follow-up after 3 or 4 years: at that time the knees were pain-free
      and the radiological appearances were good. Seven knees had to be operated on
      again because of pain after 3.5 years following insertion of the prosthesis.
      Forty-four prosthesis were still in place after 5 years (average follow-up 6.7
      years), 35 of them being almost painless. The knees which became painful did so
      during the first 3 years and were associated with radiological deterioration.
      There were 2 loosenings, 11 narrowings of the non-prosthetic tibio-femoral
      compartment and 3 antero-posterior subluxations with laxity. The authors consider
      that the main reasons for loosenings were increased stresses and over-correction
      for narrowing of the non-prosthetic compartment. Subluxation was aggravated by
      joint obliquity. it is concluded that uni-compartmental knee prosthesis for
      single compartment arthrosis is a valuable procedure provided that there is good
      surgical technique and correct indications for operation. However, the long-term
      prognosis is uncertain because the design of the prosthesis cause increased
      stresses and some degree of permanent anteroposterior obliquity.

PMID- 4023317
TI  - [Chiari's osteotomy in adults. Apropos of 72 cases].
AB  - The authors have performed 65 Chiari osteotomies in adults. The results have been
      studied with a follow-up ranging from one to 12 years. Details of the surgical
      technique are described. Fifty-three cases have had satisfactory results. Forty
      five cases have a follow-up of more than 5 years and among these, 38 still have a
      very satisfactory result. It is concluded that Chiari osteotomy may stop the
      development of early arthrosis clinically as well as radiologically in more than
      two-thirds of dysplasias or subluxations in patients younger than 50 years. When
      there is associated femoral dysplasia it should be corrected either
      simultaneously or preceding the osteotomy.

PMID- 4023320
TI  - [Multiple myeloma in stage I. Evaluation of the initial therapy].

PMID- 4023319
TI  - [In vitro characterization of a group of aplastic anemias].

PMID- 4023321
TI  - [Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in Friedreich's ataxia].

PMID- 4023322
TI  - [Q fever in Seville. Comparison with other entities. Description of 34 cases and
      review].

PMID- 4023323
TI  - [Fascioliasis hepatica. Review of 5 cases].

PMID- 4023324
TI  - [Ataxic hemiparesis caused by a pontine hemorrhage].

PMID- 4023325
TI  - [Mucoviscidosis in the adult].

PMID- 4023326
TI  - [Acute polymyositis and acute renal failure].

PMID- 4023327
TI  - [Severe pulmonary thromboembolism in 3 patients with Behcet's disease].

PMID- 4023328
TI  - [Giant aneurysm of the vertebral artery. Description of a case].

PMID- 4023329
TI  - [Acute polyradiculoneuritis and herpes zoster].

PMID- 4023330
TI  - [Infrequent clinicoradiologic manifestations of acute appendicitis. Presentation
      of a case].

PMID- 4023331
TI  - [Sjogren syndrome. Analysis of 43 patients].

PMID- 4023332
TI  - [The blush or flush caused by chlorpropamide/alcohol (CAF) in non-insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4023333
TI  - [Clinico-radiological manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis in the female.
      Study of 22 cases].

PMID- 4023334
TI  - [Schistosomiasis caused by S. haematobium. Apropos of a clinical case].

PMID- 4023335
TI  - [Smoldering multiple myeloma].

PMID- 4023336
TI  - [Symptomatic cyst of Rathke's pouch].

PMID- 4023337
TI  - [Necrosis of the bone marrow in Staphylococcus epidermis sepsis].

PMID- 4023338
TI  - [Epidemiology of arterial hypertension in the region of Sierra de San Vicente
      (Talavera de la Reina, Toledo)].

PMID- 4023339
TI  - [Accidental poisoning caused by carbamate insecticides after the ingestion of
      grapes].

PMID- 4023340
TI  - [The decrease of tubercular infection in Spain].

PMID- 4023341
TI  - [Arterial hypertension as a manifestation of renal tuberculosis. Apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 4023342
TI  - [Hyperthyroidism associated with leukocytoclastic vasculitis].

PMID- 4023343
TI  - [Anesthetic implications of the Spanish toxic oil syndrome].

PMID- 4023344
TI  - [Effect of administration of high doses of fentanyl on ADH secretion].

PMID- 4023345
TI  - [Incidence of headache and other complications after intradural anesthesia in
      young patients].

PMID- 4023346
TI  - [Importance of protein binding of lorazepam in its clinical management].

PMID- 4023347
TI  - [Left ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement. Description of 2
      cases].

PMID- 4023348
TI  - [Apropos of a case of pheochromocytoma with difficult to control hypertensive
      crises].

PMID- 4023349
TI  - [Kniest syndrome and anesthesia].

PMID- 4023350
TI  - [Extrapyramidal syndrome as an adverse reaction to droperidol].

PMID- 4023351
TI  - [Central venous catheterization in experimental studies].

PMID- 4023352
TI  - [My concerns and other fantasies].

PMID- 4023353
TI  - [Status epilepticus in the adult. Epidemiologic and clinical study in an
      intensive care unit].
AB  - The present study, conducted between January 1975 and June 1983, includes 282
      adult patients admitted for status epilepticus (SE) in 2 intensive care units
      (3.5% of all admissions). In their great majority, i.e., 201, patients had no
      previous history of epilepsy, and initiated the SE during the course of recent
      affections such as brain or systemic diseases. In 81 patients with previous
      seizure, epilepsy was idiopathic in 20, and symptomatic in 61, the 3 main causes
      being cranial traumatism, cerebrovascular accident and chronic alcoholism. SE was
      of various causes. The most frequent were cerebro-vascular disease, post-anoxic
      encephalopathy, intoxication, bacterial or viral meningo-encephalitis. In some
      patients, SE was preceded by manifestations such as convulsions, behavorial
      disturbances or conscience impairment. One should be aware of these facts and
      undertake or increase an anticonvulsivant medication at their onset. Duration of
      SE, when clearly established, was highly variable but had no apparent correlation
      to sequelae or death occurrences. SE itself was directly related to death in only
      2 cases; in all other instances death was the consequence of the primary disease.
      These results are consistent with previous reports: presently SE occurs more
      frequently in the course of other affections than in prior epileptic patients.
      The better vital prognosis of SE is due to the simultaneous conjunction of new
      anticonvulsivant medication and supportive care associated with the cure of the
      causative disease.

PMID- 4023354
TI  - [Electroclinical study of partial complex epilepsy. Paroxysmal need to drink].
AB  - A particular history of a man aged 51 with a right fronto-temporal tumor is
      analyzed. The main complaint is a paroxysmal need to drink water. Surface
      electrode electroencephalography and video-telemetry recordings sometimes
      demonstrated evidence of temporal epileptic abnormalities and therefore seem to
      have localizing significance. Waterdrinking may thus be added to the widening
      range of behavioral manifestations associated with epileptic discharges arising
      in man's temporal lobes.

PMID- 4023355
TI  - [Value of cassette-recorded long-term 8-channel EEG monitoring in status
      epilepticus--technical note].
AB  - Prolonged EEG-taped recording is a significant recent improvement in technique,
      with the 8 channels providing the possibility of exploration of the whole scalp.
      First used for ambulatory monitoring, it was also tested in comatose patients
      with status epilepticus. The advantages are: the the good quality of the EEGs
      even after recording continuously for many days, and without drawback for
      intensive nursing; the help in recognizing infraclinical seizures, often
      misunderstood by the nursing staff, and the control of treatment; the
      participation in prospective chronobiological studies.

PMID- 4023356
TI  - [Extraordinary variant of the alpha rhythm].
AB  - The authors describe a variant of alpha rhythm, which is remarkable because of
      its great amplitude (200-300 microV). It is observed quite exceptionally in
      children and adolescents with a severe encephalopathy of either ante- or
      perinatal etiology. They suggest that the surplus amplitude of this alpha rhythm
      could depend upon a deafferentation of the occipital cortex in patients with
      severe amblyopia.

PMID- 4023357
TI  - [Brain stem auditory evoked potentials and chronic alcoholism].
AB  - Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were obtained from 25 chronic
      alcoholic patients. The patients had been drinking heavily for an average of 15
      years and a minimum of 5 years. All patients were totally abstinent for a minimum
      of 3 weeks. The morphology of waves were often altered. All presented prolonged I
      III, III-V, inter-peak latencies (IPLs) and a loss of amplitude of wave V. The I
      III, III-V and I-VIPLs were increased between 30 and 40 years, and III-V and I
      VIPLs between 40 and 50 years. The incidence of abnormal BAEPs in patients with
      alcoholic epilepsy was not different from that of patients without a history of
      alcoholic seizures. Patients with clinical manifestations of alcoholic
      polyneuropathy had the highest incidence of abnormal BAEPs. BAEPs are more
      reliable in chronic alcoholic patients than EEG. The mechanisms of the increase
      in neural transmission time within the auditory brain-stem are discussed.

PMID- 4023359
TI  - [Early EEG in 300 cerebral concussions].
AB  - The EEGs of 300 concussed patients were examined at the last 48 h after trauma;
      166 were younger than 20 years old and 134 were between 20 and 40 years old.
      Amongst the youngest group 145 cases had a benign concussion with 24%
      alterations, and 21 cases had a mild concussion with 81% alterations. Amongst the
      oldest group, 93 cases had a benign concussion with 15% alterations and 41 cases
      had a mild concussion with 41% alterations. The mostly transient EEG
      abnormalities are slowing, focal abnormalities or generalized bursts. Slowing is
      the most frequent abnormality in the youngest and focal abnormalities are most
      frequently observed in the mild concussion group.

PMID- 4023358
TI  - [Early brain stem auditory evoked potentials in brain death].
AB  - Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) are realized after the first flat
      EEG in 50 patients. BAEPs were absent in 70% of the patients. In 22% of the
      patients, one- or two-sided peak I persists. In 8% the peaks I, II and IV exist
      after the first flat EEG. BAEP evolution with the course of time is realized. A
      complete disappearance is established after 24 h. The useful advantage of BAEPs
      in the early diagnosis of brain death is discussed.

PMID- 4023360
TI  - [EEG recorded during the 1st 48 hours after a cerebral vascular accident as a
      result of carotid stenosis].
AB  - This article describes the principal EEG abnormalities noted during the first 48
      hours of cerebro-vascular ischemic accidents due to carotid artery obstruction.
      No instances of slow delta waves were seen in the 60 cases of transient ischemic
      accident. In the 162 cases of cerebro-vascular accidents, all EEG abnormalities
      were correlated with the level of consciousness and thus add little to the
      clinical data with respect to the prediction of short-term mortality. However, in
      the 135 patients who presented a cerebro-vascular accident with no alterations of
      consciousness, the appearance of polymorphic delta waves or spikes (focalized or
      diffuse) within the first 48 h does significantly predict short-term mortality.

PMID- 4023361
TI  - [Value of the sleep EEG as a biological marker of depressive states. Comparison
      with 3 neuroendocrine tests].
AB  - In a sample of 12 endogenous depressive inpatients (8 primary and 4 secondary
      depressives), we compared the diagnostic usefulness of REM latency (recorded
      during at least 4 consecutive nights) with 3 neuroendocrine tests: dexamethasone
      suppression test and GH response after clonidine (a alpha-adrenergic agonist) and
      apomorphine (a dopaminergic agonist) challenges. Shortened REM latency (less than
      50 min during at least 1 night) was present in 67% of depressives. However, REM
      latency presented a clear night to night intra-patient variability that makes it
      necessary to record at least 3 consecutive nights for the best sensitivity. Non
      suppression after dexamethasone was present in 50% of depressives, blunted GH
      response after clonidine, in 75% and blunted response after apomorphine, in 42%.
      A total of 92% of patients exhibited at least one abnormal biological parameter
      (100% of primary and 75% of secondary depressives); 67% of patients exhibited at
      least two disturbed parameters and these patients constituted the whole primary
      depressive group (100%). These results show that these 4 potential biological
      markers of depression are not necessarily distributed in the same population.
      This suggests the potential usefulness of their concurrent use for improved
      accuracy of diagnosis.

PMID- 4023362
TI  - New type of electrode for clinical EEG.
AB  - The author describes a new type of small electrode for clinical
      electroencephalography. This practical electrode, constructed on the same
      principles as a felt tip pen, assures a good contact without conducting paste and
      gives excellent results.

PMID- 4023363
TI  - [Ambulatory EEG monitoring (Medilog 9000). Initial results in a pediatric
      population].
AB  - The authors report their experience of ambulatory EEG monitoring (Medilog 9000,
      Oxford Instruments) in a paediatric population. They describe the method of
      recording, the system of lecture and the paper reproduction possibilities. Thirty
      four 24 h cassettes have been recorded and analysed in 30 children aged from 1
      month to 17 years. Six infants (under 1 year) had convulsions or spasms; 20
      children were epileptic and 5 children were recorded for different reasons. Sleep
      was obtained in all cases. Seizures were recorded in 5 of 6 infants under 1 year
      of age, and in 11 of 20 epileptic children. The advantages and applications of
      this method are discussed.

PMID- 4023364
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy in carcinoma of the gallbladder].

PMID- 4023365
TI  - [Gastric hypersecretion and duodenal ulcer: suspected existence of a non-gastrin
      secretagogue through bioassay].

PMID- 4023366
TI  - [Detection and bloodless control of postoperative biliary reflux. Apropos of 25
      cases].

PMID- 4023367
TI  - [Gastric cancer after vagotomy and drainage for peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4023368
TI  - [Effects of various calcium antagonists on the muscular activity of the guinea
      pig ileum].

PMID- 4023369
TI  - [Cellular and humoral immunity in chronic intestinal inflammatory disease. Our
      results with an in vitro test].

PMID- 4023370
TI  - [Usefulness of acute phase reactants and albumin in the diagnosis of Crohn
      disease].

PMID- 4023371
TI  - [Surgical problems in cancer of the pancreas and ampullar region (apropos of 84
      cases)].

PMID- 4023372
TI  - [Gastric leiomyosarcoma].

PMID- 4023373
TI  - [Obstructive icterus presenting as a form of tuberculosis disease].

PMID- 4023374
TI  - [Reduction of oxygen consumption and capillary obstruction by megakaryocytes in
      the cerebral cortex of rats with portocaval shunts].

PMID- 4023375
TI  - [Treatment of peptic narrowing of the esophagus by vagotomy, partial gastrectomy,
      and Roux's gastrojejunal "Y" anastomosis].

PMID- 4023376
TI  - [Transduodenal sphincteroplasty].

PMID- 4023377
TI  - [Liver involvement in little-known virus diseases].

PMID- 4023378
TI  - [Mirizzi's syndrome. Presentation of 2 cases].

PMID- 4023379
TI  - [Pancreatic lithiasis and cancer of the pancreas].

PMID- 4023380
TI  - [Single ulcer of the colon. Report of 3 new cases].

PMID- 4023381
TI  - [Chronic idiopathic eosinophilic pneumopathies. A study of 16 cases].
AB  - We report 16 cases of chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (P.C.I.E.).
      P.C.I.E. has well defined clinical, radiological and biological characteristics
      which enable the eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrates to be recognised and the
      diagnosis to be confirmed without histological proof. The data from broncho
      alveolar lavage (L.B.A.) show that besides the radiological infiltrates, there is
      a diffuse alveolar eosinophilia; sometimes confirming the pulmonary function
      results, which show a similar pattern to diffuse interstitial pneumonia (P.I.D.).
      The frequent association of asthma (50%) and extra-pulmonary signs (30%) may
      suggest a vasculitis or more particularly the Churg-Strauss syndrome, all the
      more so without a lung biopsy; however the evolution of the disease and the
      response to low dose steroid therapy is against the latter two being considered
      in the differential diagnosis. The prognosis for P.C.I.E. is good in the short
      and medium term; nevertheless during the period under observation (mean 6.3
      years) steroid therapy could only be stopped in 3 out of 16 patients. The other
      patients were stable with a low dose of Cortisone. No patient with P.C.I.E.
      associated with asthma or hypergammaglobulinaemia or extra-pulmonary signs could
      be weaned from steroids. The authors advocate that the dose of steroids should be
      adjusted as low as possible to maintain an eosinophilia below 500/mm3.

PMID- 4023382
TI  - [Bronchial cancer in miners from the coal beds of the Lorraine basin].
AB  - The present study examines the mortality levels from primary bronchial cancer in
      the miners of Houillieres du Bassin de Lorraine, including pneumoconiotics and
      non-pneumoconiotics aged more than 45. 48, or 8.87% of deaths of known cause
      occurring between 1977 and 1981 amongst pneumoconiotics were due to a primary
      bronchial cancer, proved cytologically and histologically. This level did not
      differ from that of 7.66% seen in 796 coal miners who had worked for more than 15
      years underground and unscathed by any occupational disorder, nor for the 8.57%
      level of men residing in the Moselle department. It is, on the other hand,
      significantly elevated versus the 6.34% of Frenchmen for the same age range.
      Tobacco consumption and industrial atmospheric pollution in the Moselle is more
      important than in most other French departments and should be considered when
      interpreting this excess mortality for bronchial cancer in this department when
      compared to the french national average. For the coal miners of Lorraine this
      study had not established a correlation between the work, the pneumoconiotic
      lesions and the frequency of primary bronchial cancer.

PMID- 4023383
TI  - [Diffuse familial interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Study of a family].
AB  - A study of the genealogy of a 53 year old lady (A.M...) suffering from diffuse
      interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (FID) has revealed several cases of FID in her
      forbears and relations. Two brothers of A.M... died of histologically proven FID;
      FID was also discovered in one of their daughters. A sister died young of some
      unclassified respiratory problem. Two cousins died likewise at a young age of
      acute FID proven histologically. The level of spontaneous pneumothorax was
      particularly elevated in this family which represented a clinical peculiarity
      when compared to sporadic FID. The most probable mode of transmission of familial
      FID is autosomal dominant with variable penetrance. The HLA group seen in A.M...
      showed the A2 and B12 alleles. The B12 allele was also present in the niece of
      A.M...

PMID- 4023384
TI  - [Pneumopathy caused by hypersensitivity to isocyanates. Value and dangers of a
      realistic provocation test].
AB  - Organic isocyanates are responsible for bronchial pathology and in rare cases of
      hypersensitivity pneumonia. We present a new observation supported by a complete
      lung function assessment, histology of a transbronchial biopsy and a positive
      bronchial challenge test. The progress of the disorder was followed by repeated
      lung function measurements and bronchoalveolar lavage. The alveolar response at
      first showed an alveolar leukocytosis, then a mixed picture, finally becoming a
      pure lymphocytosis. The activity of the alveolar cells was assessed for T
      lymphocytes by cytofluorimetry, the presence of DRa like and LMR antigens and
      lastly for macrophages with Gallium scans. The inflammatory response was followed
      by analysing the proteins in the lavage liquid. The value of studying alveolar
      cell-activity and equally alveolar protein content is underlined in this study
      and reminds one of the character, sometimes unpredicted and dangerous, of
      challenge tests using isocyanates.

PMID- 4023385
TI  - [Long-term treatment of chronic respiratory insufficiency using endotracheal
      ventilation at home in 118 tracheotomy patients].
AB  - 118 patients suffering from severe chronic respiratory failure were submitted to
      domiciliary artificial ventilation (V.A.D.T.) by tracheotomy using a fixed rate
      volumetric respiration. The daily length of V.A.D.T. was 10 to 16 hours. The
      improvement on the blood gases, their stability, the disappearance of signs of
      right heart failure and polycythaemia, as well as a large reduction in mean
      length of hospital stay per subject and per year after V.A.D.T., underlined the
      efficacy of this method. In the long term (10 years) there was a 50% survival in
      patients with restrictive respiratory failure and of 33% in subjects with a mixed
      respiratory failure, which was predominantly restrictive. It was lower with mixed
      respiratory failure that was predominantly obstructive (20%). No patient with
      isolated airflow obstruction survived more than six years.

PMID- 4023386
TI  - [Value of tracheobronchial endoscopy in facial burns].
AB  - 41 patients suffering from facial burns had a systematic tracheo-bronchial
      endoscopy in the 24 hours after admission to hospital. There were 21 cases of
      explosion (town gas or explosives), 11 burns from flames (petrol) and 9 burns
      occurring during fires (in houses or cars). 12 patients showed isolated mucosal
      inflammation, 5 blackish deposits (of impacted soot) and blisters in 6 (with
      shreds of mucosa hanging loose); the endoscopy was normal in 18; 66% of those
      with blisters (4 cases out of 6) and 40% with blackened mucosa (2 cases out of 5)
      were observed in burns from fires. The 18 patients without endobronchial lesions
      and 12 patients with only mucosal inflammation did not develop respiratory
      complications; 5 patients presenting with blackish deposits later develop
      complications and 4 out of 6 patients presenting with extensive blistering died
      from these respiratory complications. A study of the evolution of the lesions, as
      far as could be ascertained from several cases enabled the rules of local therapy
      to be set in such patients: aspiration and unblocking of the airways by repeated
      aspiration and lavage. In conclusion, the frequency of tracheo-bronchial lesions
      and their significance when planning therapy and their consequences on the
      prognosis justify tracheo-bronchial endoscopy to be used routinely in burns to
      the face.

PMID- 4023387
TI  - [Agranulocytosis caused by ticlopidine].

PMID- 4023388
TI  - [Changes in the lymphocyte subpopulations in type 1 diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4023390
TI  - [Mast cells and rheumatoid synovitis].

PMID- 4023389
TI  - [Significance of the ST segment depression in precordial leads in lower
      myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4023391
TI  - [Rifamycin and superoxide dismutase in the treatment of rheumatoid synovitis of
      the knee].

PMID- 4023392
TI  - Production and excretion of dopamine by the isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - Renal catecholamine concentrations and urinary dopamine excretion from the
      isolated perfused kidney were measured in intact and peripherally
      sympathectomized rats. Urinary dopamine excretion was not diminished by
      sympathectomy, was increased by l-dopa (but not tyrosine or dopamine 4-O
      sulphate) in the perfusate and was virtually abolished by prior treatment with
      the dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, carbidopa. These results confirm the importance
      of renal extraneuronal dopamine production, from circulating l-dopa, as a
      contributor to urinary dopamine excretion.

PMID- 4023393
TI  - Inhibitory effect on lithium on p-aminohippurate transport in rat kidney cortex
      in vitro.
AB  - The effect of lithium on p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport was studied using
      slices and basolateral membrane vesicles prepared from rat kidney cortex. The
      addition of lithium in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5 mM caused a
      concentration-dependent inhibition of PAH accumulation in the slices. Lithium
      inhibited PAH accumulation in the slices, not only during the rapid uptake period
      (after 10 min) but also during the approach to equilibrium (after 30 min). The
      effect of lithium (2 mM) in the slices was irreversible. The inhibitory effect of
      lithium was not the result of changes in the water distribution and the
      concentrations of ATP, sodium and potassium in the slices during incubation. The
      effect of lithium on the kinetic parameters for PAH accumulation was to decrease
      Vmax, while apparent Km remained constant. There was no lithium effect on the
      efflux of PAH from the slices back into the incubation medium, indicating that
      lithium inhibited PAH influx to the kidney cell. No evidence was obtained to
      indicate that lithium (1 mM) directly affected PAH uptake by isolated basolateral
      membrane vesicles. These results suggest that lithium seems to affect metabolism
      linked to the carriers for PAH transport other than ATP production and sodium
      gradient and then seems to decrease the mobility of the carriers in the
      membranes.

PMID- 4023395
TI  - [Postnatal development of the fatty acid composition of lipids of adipose and
      muscle tissue in rabbits on a low-fat diet].
AB  - The relative fatty acid profiles of perirenal adipose tissue and muscle tissue of
      the hind legs were studied in New Zealand rabbits 21 to 140 days old. The rabbits
      were fed a low-fat diet covering the essential fatty acid requirements and
      distributed either ad libitum or in rationed amounts. The whole of the fatty
      acids were established earlier in hind leg muscle tissue than in perirenal
      adipose tissue. In the latter, the growth allometry of fatty acids in relation to
      the carcass was already higher between 21 and 74 days (a = 1.39) and distinctly
      higher between 74 and 140 days (a = 2.68). In the muscle tissue, an isometric
      phase (a = 0.96) preceded a major allometric phase (a = 1.76). In young suckling
      rabbits, the fatty acid profile of perirenal lipids was influenced by that of the
      milk lipids. In the muscle tissue, the presence of a large proportion of
      phospholipids resulted in a higher percentage of stearic acid and polyunsaturated
      fatty acids of the (n-6) family (linoleic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic
      acids). After weaning, the proportion of saturated fatty acids (C greater than or
      equal to 14) in the perirenal adipose tissue remained constant. The endogenous
      production of monounsaturated fatty acids (higher allometry) caused a progressive
      dilution of polyunsaturated fatty acids (lower allometry). This dilution was
      slowed down when the diet was rationed. Changes in the fatty acid composition of
      muscle tissue were, in general, comparable to those of perirenal adipose tissue.
      The differences observed could be attributed to the more active participation of
      phospholipids in the total lipids of the muscle tissue. Stearic acid, abundant in
      the phospholipids, showed a lower allometry compared to total fatty acids. Its
      dilution was an expression of triglyceride dilution of the phospholipids during
      growth. The same was true of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Rationing had the
      reverse effect.

PMID- 4023396
TI  - Zona-free hamster ovum penetration by human spermatozoa: influence of various
      sperm factors.
AB  - The present paper evaluates the influence of various technical factors when
      preparing human spermatozoa to be tested for their ability to penetrate zona-free
      hamster ova. Higher in vitro fertilization rates were obtained after sperm
      selection by "swim-up" migration, 4-h incubation, sperm dilution to a
      concentration of 2.5 X 10(6) spermatozoa/ml, and observation of the oocytes 8 h
      after insemination. The use of control samples was necessary because of wide
      intraindividual and interindividual variations in the results. Unless the result
      has been confirmed several times, it is impossible to conclude, from a negative
      test, that a human spermatozoon cannot penetrate a hamster oocyte.

PMID- 4023394
TI  - In vivo milk digestion in the calf abomasum. III. Amino acid compositions of the
      digesta leaving the abomasum.
AB  - Calves were fed five different test meals: whole milk, skim milk, 3% whole casein
      solution, 3% whole casein in simulated milk ultrafiltrate, and whey. The digesta
      leaving the abomasum before feeding and during the first 7 postprandial hours
      were collected by fractions. After precipitation with 12% TCA, the amino acid
      compositions of the sediments and the supernatants were determined and compared
      by multivariate analysis. The composition of prefeeding digesta was similar to
      that of gastric juice. When the calves were fed the two casein diets, the amino
      acid composition of the sediments changed little with time. In contrast, the
      changes observed in the composition of the supernatants suggested rapid abomasal
      emptying of caseino-macro peptide. With the whey diet, it was not possible to
      evidence more rapid hydrolysis or abomasal emptying of any particular whey
      protein. During the first 10 min following the ingestion of whole or skim milk,
      the amino acid composition of the sediment was close to that of milk protein.
      Immediately afterwards, the composition of the sediment was similar to that of
      whey protein. Thereafter, the composition of the sediment became more like that
      of casein and almost reached that of casein during the 7th hour. The amino acid
      composition of the supernatant was similar to that obtained with the casein
      diets; this fact suggests that the small peptides produced by proteolysis in the
      abomasum originated more from casein than from whey proteins.

PMID- 4023397
TI  - Neonatal levels of plasma thyroxine in male and female calves fed a colostrum or
      immunoglobulin diet or fasted for the first 28 hours of life.
AB  - The effect of diet on changes in plasma thyroxine levels was studied in 83
      newborn Friesian X Holstein calves. Fifty-four received four copious meals of
      first-milking colostrum at 4, 10, 16 and 22 neonatal hours. At the same time, 24
      animals received four meals of a solution of colostrum immunoglobulins containing
      little energy, and 5 calves were kept fasted. The last two treatments resulted in
      lower plasma thyroxine levels than those in colostrum-fed calves. At the same
      time, plasma thyroxine level was higher in females than in males during the first
      neonatal week.

PMID- 4023398
TI  - Ketone body metabolism during pregnancy in the rabbit.
AB  - The aim of this study was to test the effect of lipid store mobilization on
      changes in ketone body metabolism in pregnant rabbits. Related blood parameters
      were studied in pregnant animals fed either ad libitum or submitted between days
      21 of gestation and parturition first to 50% food restriction for 4 days and then
      to a complete fast. Ketogenesis from oleate, butyrate and endogenous substrates
      was measured on days 0, 8, 18 and 28 of gestation in isolated liver cells
      prepared from females fasted for 48 h. In the does fed ad libitum, the
      concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was higher than in non
      pregnant animals and then increased about 2-fold in the last week before term.
      Total ketone body concentrations increased slightly but significantly from day 27
      until term. In the same period, glycemia decreased significantly. No variations
      were observed in lactate, alanine and total amino acid concentrations. Food
      restriction on days 21 to 24 induced a quick rise in the plasma concentrations of
      NEFA, ketone bodies and glycerol. Further fasting resulted in the development of
      hyperketonemia which was more than 3 times that observed during prolonged fasting
      in non-pregnant rabbits. There was no further increase in plasma NEFA level after
      day 27 of gestation. Food restriction and fasting decreased only the plasma level
      of total amino acids but had no significant effect on plasma concentrations of
      lactate and alanine. In isolated liver cells, a marked and significant increase
      in the rate of ketogenesis from oleate, butyrate and endogenous substrates was
      noted on day 28 of gestation in comparison with the preceding periods. It is
      concluded that ketonemia was enhanced in late gestation, particularly with
      restricted feeding or in fasted animals; this enhancement was partly related to
      the increase of plasma NEFA concentrations and partly to the enhancement of
      hepatic ketogenesis in the mothers. The fact that the rate of hepatic ketogenesis
      was increased equally with butyrate and oleate indicated that it could not be
      explained by a modification of acylcarnitine transferase activity as butyrate
      directly crosses the mitochondrial membrane without using this pathway.

PMID- 4023399
TI  - Incidence of (n-3) essential fatty acid deficiency on trout reproductive
      processes.
AB  - A feeding experiment was conducted on rainbow trout broodstock for one year to
      investigate the influence of the quality of dietary lipids on egg and fry fatty
      acid composition, embryonic development and hatching efficiency. The broodstock
      were fed either a commercial control diet or a (n-3) fatty acid-deficient diet;
      their liver, eggs and fry were analysed to determine the fatty acid composition
      of their neutral and polar lipids. The fatty acid pattern in liver, eggs and fry
      was markedly different due to the qualitative difference of the dietary lipids.
      The most striking difference was the low amount of 22:6 (n-3) and the high levels
      of 20:4 (n-6) and 22:5 (n-6) in phospholipids of fish receiving the (n-3)
      deficient diet containing a high level of 18:2 (n-6). While fertilization
      efficiency was equivalent in the first two days of development, whatever the
      diet, two peaks of mortality were observed, one at day 8 and the other at day 22
      after fertilization, during the time the eggs produced by the deficient fish were
      incubated. A shorter period of vitellus resorption (50 vs 65 day) was observed in
      (n-3)-deficient alevins as compared to controls. Morphological study of the
      development of the (n-3)-deficient embryos showed some cleavage disorders at the
      16 to 32-cell stage, a blocking effect before gastrulation, and later various
      alterations in organogenesis. It was concluded that (n-3) fatty acids, and
      especially 22:6 (n-3), play a crucial and specific role in trout embryo
      development. These fatty acids could be involved in cellular recognition
      processes through their oxygenated derivatives. The need for long-term
      nutritional deficiency to induce the reported biochemical and physiological
      alterations is discussed.

PMID- 4023400
TI  - Determination of local cerebral glucose metabolism in humans: methodology and
      applications to the study of sensory and cognitive stimuli.

PMID- 4023401
TI  - Patterns of cerebral glucose utilization in depression, multiple infarct
      dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Patterns of local cerebral glucose utilization were determined in moderately to
      severely disabled patients with D (N = 7), MID (N = 6), and AD (N = 6), and in
      normal controls (N = 6), using positron emission tomography with the 18F
      fluorodeoxyglucose method. Average global metabolic rate was decreased 30% in
      patients with AD, but overlap among the other groups reduced the discriminant
      value of this measure. In depressed patients, the cerebral metabolic pattern was
      normal, except for evidence of hypometabolic zone in the posterior-inferior
      frontal cortex which was of marginal statistical significance. In MID, focal
      metabolic defects were scattered throughout the brain and exceeded the extent of
      infarction. In AD, metabolism was markedly reduced in cortex, especially parietal
      cortex, but relatively preserved in caudate, thalamus, anterior cingulate gyrus,
      pre- and post-central gyrus, and calcarine occipital cortex, a pattern
      duplicating the degree and location of pathological and neurochemical alterations
      characteristic of this disorder.

PMID- 4023402
TI  - Principles of imaging structure by NMR.

PMID- 4023403
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system.
AB  - Clinical MRI of the CNS has evolved rapidly. The image quality has now surpassed
      CT in depicting anatomical detail. It is more sensitive than any other imaging
      modality, including CT, in the detection of disease. The specificity of MR is at
      least equivalent to CT, and as the learning curve improves and a broader base of
      information is acquired as to the relative utility of different imaging
      parameters and the applications of T1 and T2 measurements, it is hoped that
      specificity will improve as well. There is little question that in the
      cooperative patient MR will displace CT scanning as the primary screening
      modality in the patient with CNS disease in whom an imaging technique is
      appropriate.

PMID- 4023404
TI  - Continuous noninvasive organ biochemistry and NMR imaging of brain.

PMID- 4023405
TI  - Metabolic mapping of the primary visual pathway.

PMID- 4023406
TI  - Applications of brain blood flow imaging in behavioral neurophysiology: cortical
      field activation hypothesis.
AB  - The 133xenon intracarotid method for rCBF measurements has been a very useful
      method for functional mapping and functional dissection of the cerebral cortex in
      humans. With this method it has been shown that different types of cortical
      information treatment activate different cortical areas and furthermore that
      sensory and motor functions of the cerebral cortex could be dissected into
      anatomical and informational subcomponents by behavioral manipulations. The brain
      organizes its own activity. One of the principles of organization was that the
      brain could recruit in advance cortical fields that were expected to participate
      in a certain type of information operation. During brain work in awake human
      beings the cerebral cortex was activated in fields that, projected on the
      cerebral surface, most often had a size greater than 3 cm2. Such activated fields
      appeared no matter which type of information processing was going on in the
      brain: during planning and execution of voluntary movements, during preparation
      for sensory information processing, and during sensory information processing, as
      well as during cognitive brain work and retrieval of specific memories.
      Therefore, it was hypothesized that cortical field activation was the
      physiological manifestation of normal brain work in awake humans.

PMID- 4023407
TI  - A comparison of in vivo and in vitro amphetamine on the synaptosomal uptake of
      dopamine in mouse striatum.
AB  - Amphetamine (AMPH) produced competitive uptake inhibition of 3H-dopamine (DA) in
      synaptosomes obtained from mouse striatum--whether it was injected beforehand
      into living animals or simply added to the incubation medium. However, the in
      vivo drug doses required to produce this effect were high (ED50 = 65 mg/kg.) as
      compared with the in vitro doses (ED50 = 2.5 X 10(-6) M).

PMID- 4023408
TI  - Comparison between locomotor activity changes produced by phencyclidine and D
      amphetamine in CD-1 male mice.
AB  - Comparative studies were pursued to investigate the locomotor activity induced by
      phencyclidine hydrochloride in CD-1 male mice. Horizontal, vertical, and
      rotational activity counts were quantitated using an infrared beam animal
      activity monitor. Five doses (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) of
      phencyclidine were compared. At the 1.5 mg/kg dose, no locomotor activity changes
      were observed when compared to a saline control group. Increased activity was
      observed at the 2.5, 3.5, and 5.0 mg/kg doses. Decreased activity was observed at
      the 10.0 mg/kg dose when compared to the 5.0 mg/kg dose possibly due to ataxia.
      In addition, the locomotor activity produced by acute d-amphetamine and acute
      phencyclidine was compared at doses of 2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg respectively. The
      overall locomotor activity levels produced by acute d-amphetamine and
      phencyclidine were not significantly different at p less than 0.05. The time to
      peak activities and peak level activities were also similar and occurred at 20-25
      minutes and 1100-1300 inches respectively after i.p. administration.
      Administration of apomorphine after phencyclidine did not change overall
      locomotor activity. The data implies that phencyclidine may act primarily as a
      dopamine reuptake inhibitor rather than a dopamine release stimulator.
      Phencyclidine also affects other activity (unlike amphetamine) as seen by the
      severe depression of vertical activity.

PMID- 4023409
TI  - Effect of a specific tetrahydroisoquinoline on the blood pressure in animals.
AB  - 1-(2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-4-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2, 3,4
      tetrahydroisoquinoline (PTIQ) when injected into anesthetized normotensive
      minipigs and dogs lowers the arterial blood pressure in a dose-related manner.
      The blood pressure lowering effect of PTIQ is greater on minipigs than dogs at
      comparable dose levels. The heart rate is generally slower after PTIQ was
      injected than the control.

PMID- 4023410
TI  - Experimental cerebral infarction in Mongolian gerbils: effects of vincamine on
      lesion size, survival and behavior.
AB  - Vincamine was administered to gerbils at doses of 0, 1, 2, 10 and 40 mg/kg/d to
      study its effect on survival, extent of ischemic brain lesion, locomotor
      activity, neurologic signs, stool production, and food and water intake after
      unilateral carotid occlusion. Drug and placebo were delivered by implantation of
      osmotic minipumps. The three most important criteria, increase in survival,
      reduction in cerebral lesion in survivors, and functional recovery of locomotor
      activity were all significantly improved by vincamine treatment at all doses.
      Since the lowest dose produced as much improvement as the higher doses it was
      concluded that increasing dose beyond 1 mg/kg/d was not beneficial using the
      measures reported here.

PMID- 4023411
TI  - A readily obtainable analog of propranolol suitable for use as internal standard
      in chromatographic assays for propranolol.
AB  - There appears to be a need for a readily and conveniently available close
      chemical analog of propranolol suitable for use as internal standard in a variety
      of chromatographic assays of the drug. With this purpose in mind, we developed a
      simple procedure for the preparation of N-cyclopentyldesisopropylpropranolol. The
      commercially available and inexpensive starting materials are mixed in a flask
      and after 48 hr at room temperature the precipitated product is filtered off.
      Mass spectrometry, melting point determinations, and elemental analysis were used
      to characterize the product. N-cyclopentyldesisopropylpropranolol was used as
      internal standard in a liquid-chromatographic assay of ten replicate 50 ng/ml
      propranolol plasma samples, and gave a coefficient of variation of 3.4%.

PMID- 4023412
TI  - The inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by indomethacin, a non-steroid anti
      inflammatory agent possessing inhibitory effect on prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AB  - It was found that indomethacin, a potent inhibitor to cyclo-oxygenase in
      prostaglandin biosynthesis system, disturbed mitochondrial respiration and its
      farnesyl ester, E-0710 which no longer exhibited the inhibitory effect on cyclo
      oxygenase, did not affect the mitochondrial respiration, indicating a good
      correlation between the inhibitory effect on ATP biosynthesis in mitochondria and
      the anti-inflammatory activity of indomethacin.

PMID- 4023413
TI  - Liver regeneration and hepatic microsomal enzyme induction by acetaminophen and
      derivatives.
AB  - Liver regeneration was stimulated in male rats with two-thirds of the liver
      removed by feeding a basal diet supplemented with acetaminophen (0.35-1.5%;
      weight basis), 2-acetamidophenol (1.0%) and acetophenetidin (1.0%) over a period
      of 10 days po, but was in the control range with the m-isomer, 3-acetamidophenol
      (1.0%), N-butyryl-p-aminophenol (1.0%), o-, m- and p-aminophenols (0.50%) and 4
      acetamidothiophenol. In fact, the latter inhibited at a level of 0.60%. The
      operated young or mature female underwent no significant increase in control
      response with acetaminophen (1-1.5%). However, as with the male, the wet and dry
      liver weight percentages were markedly increased in the intact female fed
      acetaminophen (1.0-1.5%) as also with 2-acetamidophenol (1.0%). Liver enlargement
      occurred in the intact male with acetophenetidin (1.0%) but not with the N
      butyryl- and thiophenol derivatives fed at 1.0 and 0.50%, respectively. Hepatic
      microsomal preparations from the intact and operated series showed no remarkable
      changes in cytochrome P-450 nor in the enzymes, aminopyrine demethylase and
      benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase, with the more polar acetaminophen and the N-butyryl
      compound but the enzymes were elevated in the group fed acetophenetidin.
      Inductive effects on microsomal enzymes were further amplified by injection of
      several animals per group with phenobarbital ip daily at 80 mg/kg for the last 3
      days prior to sacrifice. Increases in increments or liver weight percentages
      ensued over the basal values and as investigated in an intact male series, the
      enzymes ranged higher than the uninjected controls and with the thiophenol-fed
      group, exceeded those of the phenobarbital-injected controls.

PMID- 4023414
TI  - Efficacy of sulfhydryl compounds as inhibitors of iron-dependent doxorubicin
      enhanced lipid peroxidation.
AB  - The ability of sulfhydryl compounds to inhibit doxorubicin enhanced lipid
      peroxidation in the presence of added iron was evaluated. Optimal conditions for
      doxorubicin-enhanced lipid peroxidation were 25 microM doxorubicin, 2 mM ADP and
      250 microM ferric chloride at pH 8.0. Lipid peroxidation was inhibited by EDTA
      (500 microM), SKF 525 A (100 microM) and vitamin E (0.1 unit/ml). Cysteamine (1
      mM) stimulated basal lipid peroxidation but produced net inhibition of lipid
      peroxidation with doxorubicin. Cysteamine (10 mM) was more efficacious at
      inhibiting lipid peroxidation. N-acetylcysteine at 1 and 10 mM was a potent
      stimulator of lipid peroxidation and was ineffective at inhibiting lipid
      peroxidation in the presence of doxorubicin either at optimal or suboptimal
      concentrations of iron. In contrast, glutathione (1 mM) was a potent inhibitor of
      lipid peroxidation. The data suggests that N-acetylcysteine protects against
      doxorubicin by prior conversion to glutathione.

PMID- 4023415
TI  - Effects of calcium and verapamil on normal and tumor murine leukocytes.
AB  - Although no differences in membrane stabilization by calcium were noted between
      leukemic (P-388) and normal murine leukocytes, tumor cells were shown to be more
      resistant to damage by ethanol but not by desmethylchlorpromazine. Furthermore,
      verapamil protected tumor cells but not normal cells against the disruptive
      effect of desmethylchlorpromazine but not that of ethanol. The protective action
      of verapamil was evident even in the absence of calcium. Thus leukemic cells
      appear to be altered so that the effects of certain membrane active agents are
      changed but the membrane stabilizing function of calcium is normal.

PMID- 4023416
TI  - Cardiotonic agents: a simple HPLC procedure for the quantitation of dobutamine
      and a new congener in plasma.
AB  - A simple high performance-liquid chromatographic procedure employing
      electrochemical detection (LC-EC) has been developed for the quantitation of the
      cardiotonic agent dobutamine and a new pharmacologically active congener. The
      drugs were extracted from plasma by adsorption on to alumina, eluted from the
      adsorbent with dilute perchloric acid and the eluate subjected to LC-EC. The
      method had a limit of sensitivity of 1 ng/ml of plasma for each drug. The
      applicability of the LC-EC procedure was demonstrated by determining steady-state
      plasma concentration profiles of dobutamine and its congener in man and dog,
      respectively, following i.v. infusion of the drugs.

PMID- 4023417
TI  - The effects of short-term administration of ibuprofen on trimethadione metabolism
      and antipyrine metabolite formation in the rat.
AB  - In this study, trimethadione (TMO) was chosen as a model drug to investigate the
      extent of hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity. It was also studied whether
      pretreatment of rats with ibuprofen selectively affected the formation of
      antipyrine metabolites. The ratios of serum dimethadione (DMO)/TMO and the
      urinary metabolite formation of antipyrine in the rat pretreated with ibuprofen
      50 mg/kg daily for 7 days were not changed as compared to controls. These results
      indicate that the short-term administration of ibuprofen did not impair TMO
      metabolism and changed antipyrine and its metabolite formation in the rat 24 h
      urine.

PMID- 4023418
TI  - Comparison of [3H]nicotine and [3H]acetylcholine binding in mouse brain: regional
      distribution.
AB  - In a continuing study of nicotine binding sites, we determined the relative
      amount of nicotine binding and acetylcholine binding in various brain regions of
      C57/BL and of DBA mice. Although midbrain showed the highest and cerebellum the
      lowest binding for both [3H]nicotine and [3H]acetylcholine, the ratio of nicotine
      to acetylcholine binding showed a three-fold regional variation. Acetylcholine
      inhibition of [3H]nicotine binding indicated that a portion of nicotine binding
      was not inhibited by acetylcholine. These results indicate important differences
      between the binding of (+/-)-[3H]nicotine and that of [3H]acetylcholine.

PMID- 4023419
TI  - High performance liquid chromatographic determination of cyclosporin A in body
      fluids.
AB  - A sensitive, specific and reproducible high performance liquid chromatographic
      assay method for the determination of a new immunosuppressant, cyclosporin A
      (CsA), in the biological samples such as human blood, rat plasma and rat lymph
      has been developed. CsA was extracted with diethyl ether followed by being
      cleaned up with liquid-liquid extraction procedure using carbon tetrachloride
      methanol system, and was chromatographed on a microparticulate CN column with UV
      detection at 212 nm. The lower detection limit is 100 ng/ml in human blood (from
      1.0 ml) and 500 ng/ml in the rat plasma or lymph (from 0.2 ml). This method is
      sensitive enough for monitoring CsA concentrations in the renal transplant
      patients in the therapeutic dose range, and is also applicable to the
      determination of CsA in the rat plasma and lymph samples for the purpose of
      pharmacokinetic evaluation of several CsA dosage forms in the rats.

PMID- 4023420
TI  - Pharmacological actions of diaspirins, potential antisickling agents: analgesic
      and anti-inflammatory effects.
AB  - Three aspirin analogs, dibromoaspirin, bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) succinate and
      bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate, potential antisickling agents, were compared
      with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) for their analgesic, body temperature and
      anti-inflammatory effects in the laboratory mouse and rat. In the analgesic
      assay, using the "writhing method", only a 200 mg/kg dose of the diaspirin
      succinate significantly reduced the writhing response induced by phenylacetic
      acid. Only a dose of 800 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid significantly decreased
      writhing. These analog compounds had only slight hypothermic effects, the
      reduction in body temperature not being appreciable. On the other hand, they were
      effective anti-inflammatory agents, comparable to aspirin; a dose of 200 mg/kg
      very significantly reduced the paw edema due to injected carrageenan.

PMID- 4023421
TI  - Response of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase to the hematopoietic demands of the
      spleen.
AB  - Uroporphyrinogen (urogen) decarboxylase was studied in rat spleen before and
      after stimulation of splenic hematopoietic cell synthesis with phenylhydrazine
      (PHZ). Urogen decarboxylase activity was increased over 2-fold following PHZ
      treatment concomitantly with a comparable increase in spleen weight. The increase
      in enzyme activity could not be attributed to a direct effect of PHZ on
      endogenous urogen decarboxylase nor to production of a specific activator of the
      enzyme in spleen cells. Moreover, the increase in urogen decarboxylase activity
      following PHZ administration was completely prevented by concomitant treatment
      with cycloheximide. These findings suggest that urogen decarboxylase activity in
      spleen represents endogenous porphyrin synthesizing capacity of that tissue,
      rather than that of sequestered erythrocytes undergoing destruction in that
      organ. Additionally, they suggest that the capacity for porphyrin synthesis in
      the spleen is highly responsive to chemically-induced demands for hematopoietic
      activity.

PMID- 4023422
TI  - Hepato- and neuro-toxicity by ethylenthiourea.
AB  - Thyrotoxicity of Ethylenthiourea (2-imidazolidinethione) (ETU) is well known:
      this paper examines the extent to which ETU alone may damage certain non-thyroid
      tissues, and the possible enhancement of its effects through synergism when it is
      taken with substances employed for medical or alimentary reasons. It was found
      that the lethality of ETU is augmented by accumulation of fractionated doses,
      particularly in male as opposed to female rats. When accompanied by ethanol, its
      harmfulness is increased, whereas phenobarbital provides a certain degree of
      protection. Liver secretion of triglycerides is greatly impaired (delta % = -31)
      by acute administration, which results in steatosis. This is not observed during
      subacute administration. Liver microsomal cytochrome P450 is significantly
      reduced (delta % = -32) after a long term administration. The 30 week treatment
      leads to a form of "selection". Some animals die (28.6%), whereas others survive
      despite: i) prolonged failure to put on weight, ii) alopecia (80% loss of hair),
      iii) severe conjuntivitis, iv) blepharitis, v) peripheral nervous system
      distress. These findings underscore the importance of investigating the relation
      between hazardous compounds and possible potentiating factors, on the one hand,
      and inclusion of organs not yet recognized as targets, on the other hand, when
      setting tolerance limits for ambient pollution.

PMID- 4023423
TI  - Variability of neurotoxicity of and lack of tolerance to the anticholinesterases
      soman and sarin in the rat.
AB  - The neurotoxicity and lethality of Soman and Sarin, after single and repeated
      treatment at 50-60% of their LD50 doses in rats were investigated. Single
      treatment with Soman (100 micrograms/kg) and Sarin (120 micrograms/kg) produced
      severe tremors, convulsions and hypothermia, in some rats only, while the others
      did not show toxicity, i.e. an all or none effect. Soman and Sarin (100-120
      micrograms/kg) caused, respectively, 89-93% and 26-48% inhibition of AChE at 6 hr
      and 56-68% and 17-39% inhibition at 24 h after single injections. Repeated
      treatment with Soman (90 micrograms/kg) and Sarin (100 micrograms/kg) at 4 day
      intervals caused variable incidences of neurotoxicity and increasing mortalities,
      and after ten injections the survival rates were 31 and 54%, and AChE inhibition
      was 86 and 75%, respectively. It is suggested, that the variable neurotoxicity of
      and the low tolerance to of these compounds are partly related to peripheral
      dispositional mechanisms. Furthermore, the profile of toxicity of these
      anticholinesterase agents should be differentiated from, but not generalized
      with, that of the other anticholinesterase organophosphates.

PMID- 4023424
TI  - Urinary excretion of zinc in patients with essential arterial hypertension.
AB  - We report the finding of an increase in urinary zinc excretion in patients
      suffering from essential arterial hypertension; we find no clear explanation for
      this phenomenon. However, it merits a more thorough study, such as a comparison
      of zinc metabolism as altered by the hypertensive process. Also, urinary zinc
      excretion before and after (6 months) Captopril administration is reported.

PMID- 4023425
TI  - Increase in anti-carboxylesterase action of organophosphorothioates by
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in vitro.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between
      chemical structure of organophosphorus insecticides and potentiation of anti
      carboxylesterase (CEase) action of these insecticides by NAD in vitro (NAD
      effect). Experiments using with three organophosphorothioates having ethoxy group
      except for diazinon exhibited greater NAD-effect than those having methoxy ones
      such as methylparathion and fenitrothion. In contrast, none of five
      organophosphates tested showed NAD-effect. And, 3-acetylpyridine adenine
      dinucleotide (Ac-py AD) among four derivertives of NAD was also found to have NAD
      effect. These results suggested that P = S group in the molecule of
      organophosphorus insecticides was needed to occur NAD-effect. In addition, the
      extent of NAD-effect using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was lesser than that of
      CEase, therefore, a higher susceptibility of liver microsomal CEase to
      organophosphorus insecticides may be explained, at least inpart, by NAD-effect.

PMID- 4023427
TI  - The comparative potency of phenobarbital and five 1,3-propanediol dicarbamates
      for hepatic cytochrome P450 induction in rats.
AB  - Using a reproducible screening procedure for rat liver cytochrome P450 isoenzyme
      induction/inhibition, five dicarbamate drugs (meprobamate, mebutamate,
      carisoprodol, tybamate, and W-554) were compared with sodium phenobarbital and
      found to be from 25 to 100 times less potent hepatic cytochrome P450 inducers
      than phenobarbital.

PMID- 4023426
TI  - Role of brain epinephrine neurons in the regulation of serum prolactin and
      luteinizing hormone release in female rats.
AB  - Administration of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) inhibitors to
      estrogen (EB)-plus progesterone (PG)-treated ovariectomized (OVX) female rats
      produced significant reductions in hypothalamic epinephrine (Epi) levels and
      serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, but no effect on serum prolactin (Prl)
      levels. These results suggest that brain Epi neurons may participate in the
      regulation of LH release but not in controlling the surge of Prl induced by EB
      plus PG-treatment in OVX rats.

PMID- 4023428
TI  - Efficacy of immunoglobulins in gram-negative infections in experimentally induced
      peritonitis in the rat.
AB  - The effect of adjuvantly administered, newly developed immunoglobulin
      preparations in combination with an antibiotic is investigated by means of an
      animal experimental model. The animal model was peritonitis which was induced by
      a left-open colotomy in the rat. Administration of a combination therapy of
      immunoglobulins and an antibiotic succeeded in reducing lethality and shock index
      (according to Staub [15]) significantly by up to 50% as compared to the untreated
      control group. Using sub-therapeutic dosage of the antibiotic (50% of the human
      equivalent dose) the synergistic effect of the immunoglobulins could be confirmed
      clearly. A single summation of the offered immunoglobulin preparations cannot
      achieve an improvement in the results. In the present examinations additional IgM
      enrichment does not result in a further improvement over the usually normal
      immunoglobulin levels in the preparations.

PMID- 4023429
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of intercalated disc separations in the rat heart during
      the calcium paradox.
AB  - The ultrastructure of intercalated disc separations were studied in isolated rat
      hearts subjected to 5 min of coronary perfusion with small volumes of a calcium
      free solution (i.e., 10.0 ml, 5.0 ml, and 2.5 ml). The same groups of hearts were
      studied after 15 min of calcium repletion. A semiquantitative examination shows
      that after calcium depletion 20%-45% of the intercalated discs (ID) were
      separated in the 2.5-ml group, 50%-75% in the 5.0-ml group, and 75%-90% in the
      10.0-ml group. Readmission of calcium did not give any significant changes in the
      percentage of ID dehiscence in the two lowest volume groups, which indicates that
      ID separation has been irreversible during the first 15 min of calcium repletion.
      A semiquantitative analysis has also been performed of the percentages of
      severely damaged cells at each of the three volume groups after calcium
      repletion. It appears that in the two lowest volume groups, the percentage of
      widened discs tend to exceed the percentage of severely injured cells after
      calcium readmission. This suggests that ID separation not necessarily implies
      severe injuries to the implicated cells during calcium repletion. After calcium
      free perfusion, cellular edema, cytoplasmic disintegration, and plasmalemmal
      fragmentation were present in the interdigitating cellular projections of the
      dissociated ID. Similar injuries did also occasionally occur outside the ID,
      usually situated in close proximity to a capillary.

PMID- 4023430
TI  - Blood flow of experimental liver metastases in rat as evaluated by the locally
      injected 133-Xenon washout.
AB  - The investigations on blood flow in liver metastases are interesting from both a
      pathophysiological and a therapeutic point of view. Available data, however, are
      few and not definitive, as these studies are complex and difficult to perform. In
      a group of 25 Sprague-Dawley rats, in which liver metastases of Walker-256
      carcinoma had been implanted, the blood flows in a metastasis and in the normal
      liver surrounding it were determined by means of the locally injected 133-Xenon
      washout. Thirteen sham-operated rats were a control group. Blood flow in the
      metastases was decreased as a group compared to that in the normal liver
      surrounding metastases and to that in liver of sham-operated rats. Small
      metastases showed normal or increased blood flow, large ones decreased or
      stagnant blood flow. Moreover, a significant inverse correlation was found
      between blood flow and diameter of metastasis. It is concluded that liver
      metastases of Walker-256 carcinoma show a decrease in blood flow which is related
      to the size of metastasis.

PMID- 4023432
TI  - Partial nephrectomy and furosemide in toxic and ischemic nonoliguric acute renal
      failure in rats.
AB  - Reduction of the renal mass causes similar tubulo-dynamic changes as furosemide,
      e.g., hyperperfusion of the single nephron. Therefore, the effect of 5/6
      nephrectomy (NX) and furosemide (F) either alone or in combination was evaluated
      in nonoliguric acute renal failure, using two toxic (glycerol and HgCl2) and one
      ischemic model. In the HgCl2 model, NX and F alone had a protective effect on
      whole kidney function, e.g., the increase in serum creatinine was smaller as
      compared to control rats. NX plus F was followed by the lowest mortality and the
      smallest increase in serum creatinine. A significant increase in mercury
      excretion was observed following NX plus F. In the ischemic model, NX and F had
      no protective effect-when combined, they even enhanced renal insufficiency. The
      outcome of animals treated with glycerol is neither modified by F nor by NX,
      although both interventions induced a significant increase of glycerol excretion.
      It seems that the beneficial effect of 5/6 NX and F depends on the type of acute
      renal failure (ARF) and the models used, and that the elimination of a toxic
      agent is not the common pathway of protection in the HgCl2-and the glycerol
      induced ARF.

PMID- 4023431
TI  - Effects of high hepatic acetaldehyde level following simultaneous administration
      of ethanol and cyanamide on liver function in rats.
AB  - Extremely high concentrations of hepatic acetaldehyde were induced in rats by the
      intragastric administration of ethanol and cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase
      inhibitor; and these high levels were maintained for 4 weeks. Liver function
      tests, including mitochondrial ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) and GOT
      activities, were within normal limits, and no increase in either hepatic
      triglyceride or collagen contents was observed. These results suggest that
      hepatotoxic effects of ethanol are not derived from the high acetaldehyde levels
      in the liver.

PMID- 4023433
TI  - Sequential changes in blood concentrations of fuels in relation to arterial blood
      ketone body ratio after 70% hepatectomy in rabbits.
AB  - The changes in arterial blood levels of glucose, free fatty acids, ketone bodies,
      and amino acids were investigated after 70% hepatectomy in rabbits in relation to
      the changes in adenylate energy charge of the remnant liver and ketone body ratio
      of arterial blood. Hepatic energy charge decreased to 0.767 +/- 0.008 within 24 h
      (p less than 0.001), and arterial blood ketone body ratio decreased to 0.415 +/-
      0.041 within 12 h (p less than 0.001). Plasma free fatty acid concentrations
      increased to about twice the original values within 12 h (p less than 0.01),
      total amino acid concentrations also doubled within 24 h (p less than 0.01), and
      blood glucose levels decreased to below 100 mg/dl at 12 and 24 h (p less than
      0.05). Afterward, at 96 h postoperatively (p.o.), blood ketone body ratio and
      energy charge levels were restored to near normal levels with the normalization
      of blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids, and plasma amino acids. These findings
      suggest that the decreased energy charge of the remnant liver concomitant with a
      fall in blood ketone body ratio may be the basis of the sequential changes in the
      blood concentration of fuels after massive hepatectomy.

PMID- 4023434
TI  - Measurement of the non-specific threshold stimulus for the bronchial tree by
      continuous monitoring of respiratory resistance using the oscillation method.
AB  - Bronchial hyperreactivity to various stimuli has been used as one of the
      diagnostic criteria of chronic obstructive lung diseases. We studied bronchial
      responsiveness to histamine in 30 patients with acute or chronic bronchitis, 28
      patients with bronchial asthma and in 42 more patients with other lung diseases,
      using a new device--the Astograph--which yielded graphically a continuous dose
      response curve of the respiratory resistance by the oscillation method during the
      inhalation of histamine diphosphate. The results of this method were compared
      with the results of FEV1 and FEF25-75 before and after the challenge procedure.
      An increase of the respiratory resistance (Ros) during the challenge test gave an
      indication of a decrease of FEV1. The increase of Ros and the decrease of FEV1
      and FEF25-75 were most pronounced in the asthmatics. Not in all cases was there a
      correlation between the increase of Ros and the decrease of FEV1, possibly due to
      imperfections in the design of the equipment. We believe that the Ros measurement
      cannot be totally exchanged for the conventional method. The use of the Astograph
      alone cannot be recommended because of the false-negative reactions. A
      combination Astograph/Floop equipment is rather expensive, but it is the most
      rational and ideal. The test itself does not induce bronchoconstriction and is
      simple and time-saving. However, this procedure is not yet advised as a
      diagnostic tool for a challenge test with allergens in the diagnosis of bronchial
      asthma. A further investigation on the validity and security of such a
      provocation is still needed.

PMID- 4023435
TI  - Inspiratory and expiratory resistive load detection in normal and asthmatic
      subjects. A sensory decision theory analysis.
AB  - The ability to detect added external inspiratory and expiratory resistive loads
      was studied in normal and asthmatic subjects using sensory decision theory as a
      psychophysical method. Performances P(A)/delta R [where P(A) represents the index
      of sensitivity and delta R the additional resistor] were similar in normal and
      asthmatic subjects, but when sensitivity was expressed in relation to airway
      resistance [P(A)/delta R/Raw], asthmatics showed higher inspiratory and
      expiratory performances than normal subjects. After bronchodilation the relative
      sensitivity in the asthmatic group was impaired and approached that of normal
      subjects. Comparing inspiratory and expiratory load detection, normal subjects
      showed a higher sensitivity for expiratory than for inspiratory loads. In
      contrast, there was no difference in the asthmatic group. The response bias
      remained the same across conditions. If one accepts the assumption that the
      variability of sensitivity presented by asthmatic and normal subjects might be
      related to the variable state of their pulmonary function, our results can be
      interpreted as demonstrating a relationship between sensitivity and pulmonary
      distension or airway obstruction. These results are in agreement with the
      hypothesis that the site of perception for respiratory load detection is the
      chest wall.

PMID- 4023436
TI  - Measurement of reversibility of airways obstruction: which parameters to use?
AB  - Maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves recorded before and after salbutamol
      inhalation on 100 patients with various lung diseases were studied. Improvement
      was found to occur more frequently in MEF50, FEF25-75, FVC and MEF25, than in
      FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, or MTT. If improvement in only one of the first four parameters
      was taken as a measure of reversibility of airways obstruction, many cases
      showing improvement in the others were missed. Improvement in any of the last
      three parameters was rarely missed if improvement in any of the first four was
      present. It was concluded that there is no single best measurement for assessment
      of bronchodilator response. FVC, FEF25-75, MEF50 and MEF25 should all be
      measured. A flow-volume record of forced expiration from which all these
      measurements can be derived would therefore be preferable for this purpose to the
      time-volume spirometer record from which only FVC and FEF25-75 can be determined.

PMID- 4023437
TI  - Induction of acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the guinea pig trachea by
      kerosene.
AB  - The effect of kerosene on in vivo and in vitro tracheal acetylcholinesterase
      (CHE) activity of guinea pigs has been investigated. Kerosene aerosol
      administered to guinea pigs during 20 min at a mean concentration of 20.4 mg/l
      elicited immediately, 1 h and 24 h later tracheal CHE inhibition by 30, 48.8, and
      32.3% of control values (p less than 0.05). Kerosene at 1% concentration
      inhibited significantly, after 1 h of incubation in vitro, the CHE activity by
      44.9% of control values. The tracheal CHE inhibition induced by kerosene could
      actually increase the acetylcholine concentration acting on smooth muscle of
      airways, and this partially explains the respiratory symptoms which are
      frequently observed after kerosene intoxication.

PMID- 4023438
TI  - Venous crossover PO2. A reference point for assessing the physiological
      significance of alterations in oxyhaemoglobin equilibrium.
AB  - A method is described for the quantitative analysis of the physiological
      significance of either an increase or decrease in P50. The venous crossover PO2
      (PvxO2) refers to that PO2 of the mixed venous blood on the standard
      oxyhaemoglobin equilibrium (OHE) curve at which the extraction of oxygen from the
      blood is the same for both the standard and the in vivo arterial and venous OHE
      conditions. A measured PvO2 which is greater than the PvxO2 indicates that the in
      vivo OHE conditions conferred a benefit over the standard conditions inasmuch as
      the same volume of oxygen was delivered to the tissues at a higher venous PO2.
      The method of determining the venous crossover PO2 from the measured
      arteriovenous difference in haemoglobin saturation of oxygen is described using a
      mathematical model of the oxyhaemoglobin equilibrium curve. The presence of
      carboxyhaemoglobin is accounted for in this analysis. Clinical examples in which
      the method is applied are presented.

PMID- 4023440
TI  - Arterial micropuncture. An advance in blood-gas analysis.
AB  - Worldwide, uncountable arterial macropunctures and cannulations are performed for
      blood-gas analysis. The associated complications are accepted as inevitable.
      8,000 arterial micropunctures performed under controlled conditions show that
      this sampling method is not only simpler but also less traumatic and less
      susceptible to errors of method. As these advantages are not countered by any
      disadvantages, microsampling is suggested for general use.

PMID- 4023439
TI  - Fatal relapse in Goodpasture's syndrome 3 years after plasma exchange.
AB  - Since 1919 about 400 cases with Goodpasture's syndrome have been published, and
      since 1975 about 100 of these patients were treated with plasma exchange in
      addition to immunosuppression. A remission was achieved in 50% of the 100 cases,
      and in 7 a relapse was reported. In this paper, we are reporting a case with a
      fatal relapse 3 years after successful plasma exchange treatment. This patient
      was a smoker, she had been exposed to hydrocarbon solvents, and she had the HLA
      tissue antigens DR2 and MT3. Lung biopsy by fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed
      linear staining of IgG at the alveolar basement membrane. During relapse
      pulmonary infiltrations and macrohematuria did not respond a second time to
      methylprednisolone pulses nor to plasma exchange treatment and the patient died
      of massive lung hemorrhage.

PMID- 4023441
TI  - Eosinophilic pleural effusion: a review of 36 cases.
AB  - 36 cases of eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) are reviewed. The etiologies
      were: traumatic 25%, congestive heart failure (CHF) 14%, infectious 8.5%,
      idiopathic 8.5% and miscellaneous 11%. 33% (12 patients) had a tumoral etiology,
      yet in only 1 patient could all additional etiologies for EPE be ruled out.
      Hence, the conclusion is that EPE is rarely caused by a tumoral etiology, and
      that other etiologies should be considered. The comparison of pleural fluid and
      peripheral blood findings disclosed no significant difference among the various
      subgroups.

PMID- 4023442
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.
AB  - The prevalence of spontaneous pneumothorax was studied in 82 patients with
      cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. In 46 patients the disease affected only the
      lung ('lone' fibrosing alveolitis); in the remaining 36 patients the interstitial
      lung disease was associated with several systemic diseases ('associated'
      fibrosing alveolitis). 3 patients with the 'lone' form had a spontaneous
      pneumothorax. This figure represents a prevalence of 3.6%. We did not observe
      this complication in any patient with the associated form. Suction drainage was
      ineffective in the 3 patients. One of them died as a consequence of pleural
      infection. In the other 2 subjects thoracotomy, resection of blebs and
      pleurectomy were required.

PMID- 4023443
TI  - Adrenal function in asthmatics treated with high-dose budesonide.
AB  - Plasma cortisol concentrations have been measured in 14 asthmatics previously
      treated with oral steroids in addition to conventional doses of beclomethasone
      dipropionate. Three months after switching over to budesonide in a dose of 800
      micrograms twice daily, oral steroid intake has been reduced and a return of the
      initially depressed adrenal function has been achieved.

PMID- 4023444
TI  - Effect of decortication in fibrothorax on pulmonary function.
AB  - Pulmonary function was measured pre- and postoperatively in 11 decorticated
      fibrothorax patients using dynamic spirometry and radiospirometry. Total
      ventilatory and perfusion percentage increased significantly in the decorticated
      lung (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.005, respectively). Dynamic spirometry
      values improved only slightly.

PMID- 4023445
TI  - [Detection of oxygen lung injury by NMR method].

PMID- 4023446
TI  - [Quantitative assessment of pulmonary microvascular permeability].

PMID- 4023447
TI  - [Perfusion of the isolated lung lobe].

PMID- 4023448
TI  - [Pulmonary vascular injury induced by air embolization].

PMID- 4023449
TI  - [Role of thromboxane A2 in pulmonary air embolism in conscious sheep].

PMID- 4023450
TI  - [Formulas of acid-base balance].

PMID- 4023451
TI  - [Study on the new index U2/AP in canine aortic root for left ventricular
      performance].

PMID- 4023452
TI  - [Clinical significance of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine early in the
      course of acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4023453
TI  - [The quantitative evaluation of chest roentgenograms in right ventricular
      systolic and diastolic overload].

PMID- 4023454
TI  - [Clinical and hemodynamic effects of continuous intravenous injection of
      isosorbide dinitrate in patients with congestive heart failure].

PMID- 4023455
TI  - [Studies on unevenness of regional ventilation and volume in patients with
      bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4023456
TI  - [Massive pulmonary embolism in a patient with Ebstein's anomaly].

PMID- 4023457
TI  - [A case of mitral stenosis presenting left sided heart failure--consideration on
      the genesis of left ventricular dysfunction in mitral stenosis].

PMID- 4023458
TI  - [Transition of effort angina to micturition angina in a female patient].

PMID- 4023459
TI  - [A case of severe disopyramide poisoning, treated successfully by haemodialysis].

PMID- 4023460
TI  - [Problems in the clinical use of non-steroidal antirheumatic agents].

PMID- 4023461
TI  - [The long-term positive effects of educational-motivational care of patients with
      ankylosing spondylitis].

PMID- 4023462
TI  - [Functional diagnosis of disorders of the humeroradial epicondyle].

PMID- 4023463
TI  - [Socioeconomic aspects of degenerative disorders of the spine and the role of
      functional therapy and education in the treatment of the patients].

PMID- 4023464
TI  - A consideration of the ethics of brain death--what are the ethical guidelines for
      physician, family and society in dealing with brain death?
AB  - There is at present considerable confusion with respect to ethical guidelines
      that should govern the behavior of society and the physician confronted by
      problems resulting from recent attainments of medicine and science. The use of
      life supporting devices raises the problem of determining when death has occurred
      and what is proper ethical procedure in dealing with the deficient half life
      caused by "Brain Death." Some guidance is obtained from a consideration of the
      nature of life, the nature of death, the nature of man, and the essence lost in
      death of man. A parallel consideration of the nature of ethics, the bases of
      ethics and of ethical decision can be helpful. An individual may have ideals
      which control behavior, even elevate ethical standards; others entertain concepts
      that destroy social ethics. Ethics control and direct social interactions; ethics
      determine the quality of social behavior--ethics are established by societies not
      by individuals. Numerous commissions have endeavored to define the requirements
      of physicians for diagnosing brain death and for appropriate subsequent actions.
      The rationales presented, however, are not invariably accepted by lay society.
      The problem is created by numerous trends. Among them are the "rightest" movement
      which, though possessing many virtues, has its excesses such as expressed in the
      "right to life movement." These have not been beneficial and have necessitated
      "right to death movements." Opposition is also due to the fact that society's
      concepts of the medical profession have changed. The practice of organ
      transplantation has created problems. Finally, the concept of death as other than
      evil is no longer generally accepted. As more biological manipulations are
      possible ever more difficult ethical problems will arise. It is a certainty,
      however, that when brain death has occurred life of man and that of the
      individual has ended. Although others might not agree, our ethic requires us to
      use life assist techniques to preserve the vegetative man, the individual who can
      still breathe spontaneously though lacking consciousness and behavioral ability.
      All the codes of medical ethics state that a physician shall not kill--this does
      not mean he cannot permit the terminal phases of death when the essence of human
      life is lost. A major question is the ethical responsibility of one society
      toward another. Can an affluent society squander its resources in the
      preservation of ineffectual life in the body after "brain death" when others are
      without the medical assistance which would permit total living?

PMID- 4023465
TI  - Effect of some environmental factors on survival of overwintering mosquitoes,
      Culex pipiens pallens.
AB  - In connection with the possible overwintering of Japanese B encephalitis virus in
      mosquitoes, some experiments were carried out to examine the effect of
      temperature, day-length and blood feeding on the survival of the overwintering
      population of the mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens. No significant difference was
      observed in the survival rate between the blood-fed and unfed groups under a
      higher temperature (24 degrees C) and longer day-length (L:D 14:10). Under a
      lower temperature (16 degrees C) and shorter day-length (L:D 10:14), blood-fed
      mosquitoes survived twice as long as those under a higher temperature and longer
      day-length condition. Based on the analysis of wing-length distribution, it was
      clarified that the blood-fed mosquitoes were a uniform longer-winged group and
      that most of the shorter-winged mosquitoes were included in the unfed group.
      Judging from such lower blood-feeding activity of the shorter-winged mosquitoes,
      their survival rate is suggested to be low during or after overwintering.

PMID- 4023466
TI  - The presence of macromolecular prolactin in serum of pregnant women and patients
      with pituitary adenoma.
AB  - The heterogeneity of immunoreactive Prolactin (IR-PRL) in serum of pregnant women
      and patients with pituitary adenoma were studied by Sephadex G-100 gel
      chromatography. The major IR-PRL peaks in serum of pregnant women were eluted at
      the position corresponding to that of 125I-PRL and the small amount of IR-PRL
      peaks were eluted near the void volume (peak 1) and between the void volume and
      125I-PRL (peak 2). On the other hand, the proportion of peak 1 and peak 2 to
      total immunoreactivity was significantly increased in serum of patients with
      pituitary adenoma compared to those in serum of pregnant women. The
      rechromatographic studies under conditions of protein denaturation and sulfide
      cleavage on Sepharose CL-6B column revealed that the peak 1 of the pregnant women
      and patients with pituitary adenoma were eluted at the position between 125I-AFP
      and ovalbumine and the molecular weight was estimated to be about 54,000. This
      macromolecular PRL was also bound specifically to Sepharose coupled with anti
      PRL, indicating that this macromolecule contained a sequence of PRL in its
      structure.

PMID- 4023467
TI  - [Mammography in diagnosis of breast cancer].
AB  - Radiographic features of 50 breast cancers were evaluated in comparison with 83
      benign lesions and the diagnostic accuracy is discussed. Most of the usual
      primary and secondary findings of cancer such as spicula formation,
      microcalcifications, skin, thickening and nipple retraction were present in these
      50 cancer lesions and all of them were recognized in the benign lesions as well,
      although less frequently. Because breast parenchyma was dense in 81% of the cases
      evaluated, and mostly due to moderate to severe dysplasia, the diagnosis of the
      breast lesions was difficult. Therefore, we must be cautious in calling a lesion
      benign. The radiographic detectability of cancer was 94%, and the diagnostic
      accuracy was 72%, which are comparable to the results reported from other places.

PMID- 4023468
TI  - [A personal sampling and an area sampling--exposure concentration and
      environmental concentration].
AB  - Two methods for the evaluation of air contaminant in a work environment are
      personal sampling to measure the exposure concentration for the evaluation of the
      exposure level to workers and area sampling that measures the environmental
      concentration for the evaluation of the clean level in the work environment. The
      aim of these samplings is different but they are used to measure the
      concentration in the same work environment. It is important to understand the
      difference between the exposure concentration and the environmental one in the
      same work environment. In this report, the relationship between the exposure
      concentration and the environmental one is investigated by using previous
      reported data. The difference between the exposure concentration and the
      environmental one is very large for all data, but the exposure concentrations
      agree well with the environmental ones when the both concentrations were measured
      by the same apparatus in some work environments.

PMID- 4023469
TI  - [Health check by CMI (Cornell Medical Index) on radiation workers in a nuclear
      energy plant].
AB  - In the nuclear energy industry, plants are located far from urban areas and the
      working environments are generally separate from each other for radiation
      protection purposes. A health check on radiation workers in the nuclear energy
      industry was carried out using the Cornell Medical Index questionnaire. As a
      control study, radiation and non-radiation workers in the other working fields
      were investigated in the same manner. The results showed that the health status
      of radiation workers in the nuclear energy industry is similar to that of the
      workers in other working fields.

PMID- 4023470
TI  - [A case of spindle cell carcinoma of the breast].
AB  - A forty-year-old woman noticed a mass in her right breast. In April, 1984, a
      radical mastectomy was performed and the specimen was subjected to
      histopathological and ultrastructural study. The well-localized tumor revealed
      atypical spindle cell nests in the desmoplastic stroma. Based upon a squamous
      differentiation of the cancer cell nests, the tumor was diagnosed as spindle cell
      carcinoma. The histogenesis and prognosis of this rare tumor are discussed and
      the myoepithelial origin is suggested.

PMID- 4023471
TI  - [A case of precancerous hair follicle tumor on the large pudendal lip].
AB  - A case of precancerous hair follicle tumor of a 60-year-old woman is reported.
      The tumor was detected in the large pudendal lip of an ATL-suspected patient.
      Microscopic findings showed that the tumor was a hair follicle tumor of low
      malignancy, such as a "malignant trichilemmoma", or "follicular Bowen's disease".
      Histogenesis and pathogenesis of this tumor are discussed including the
      relationships to ATL and "Trichilemmal horn".

PMID- 4023472
TI  - The 2 x 2 factorial design: its application to a randomized trial of aspirin and
      carotene in U.S. physicians.
AB  - The 2 x 2 factorial design calls for randomizing each participant to treatment A
      or B to address one question and further assignment at random within each group
      to treatment C or D to examine a second issue, permitting the simultaneous test
      of two different hypotheses. This design can increase the efficiency of large
      scale clinical trials. The Physicians' Health Study, a randomized trial of
      aspirin and beta-carotene among U.S. physicians, illustrates some features and
      potential problems in the design and analysis of a factorial trial. The most
      common concern, interaction between treatments, is generally an advantage rather
      than a limitation of this design. Although such interactions are relatively
      uncommon, this design provides a means to measure an effect which otherwise might
      not be apparent. If the interaction is sufficiently severe, however, then loss of
      power is possible.

PMID- 4023473
TI  - Power, sample size and smallest detectable effect determination for multivariate
      studies.
AB  - This paper discusses some general methods for determining approximate power,
      sample size, and smallest detectable effect for studies of multiple risk factors.
      These methods are based on standard large-sample formulae for determining the
      power of chi-square tests, and emphasis is given to determinations for Pearson
      chi 2 tests in multiway contingency tables. The methods are illustrated in
      application to the design of a clinical trial of the preventive effect of alpha
      tocopherol, ascorbic acid and beta-carotene on colon polyp recurrence, and a case
      control study of the joint effect of smoking and asbestos exposure on lung cancer
      incidence.

PMID- 4023474
TI  - Models and the use of signed rank tests.
AB  - Rank tests are often used to analyse medical and biological data. The lack of
      invariance of the paired sample Wilcoxon signed rank test with respect to
      transformation of observations, and the choice of an appropriate rank test in the
      case of the two way analysis of variance random effects model, are discussed in
      the context of two medical examples.

PMID- 4023475
TI  - Comparison of ascertainment-bias correction schemes for pedigrees ascertained
      through multiple probands.
AB  - Assessing the genetic causation of a disease, which is of prime importance in
      medical genetics, is usually done by analysing pedigree data. When gathering such
      data, it is often more practical to adopt a non-random sampling strategy.
      However, unless suitable corrections for non-random sampling are made at the time
      of data analysis, inferences may be grossly affected. For pedigree data
      ascertained through multiple probands, various correction schemes have been
      suggested, although the efficiencies of these schemes are unknown. This paper
      compares such schemes, using Monte Carlo simulation techniques, under a simple
      genetic model, for pedigrees of fixed sizes and structures and for probands of
      two types of relationship--parent-offspring, and a pair of siblings. It is found
      that gene frequencies are grossly overestimated and the penetrance value of
      heterozygotes slightly underestimated whether or not any correction for non
      random sampling of pedigrees is made. Knowledge of the population value of the
      gene frequency improves the estimate of the penetrance parameter.

PMID- 4023476
TI  - The use of logit models to investigate social and biological factors in infant
      mortality. I: Methodology.
AB  - Infant mortality data for England and Wales, cross classified by mother's age,
      parity and social class, have been published on two occasions, the first giving
      the relevant data for 1949/50, the second for 1975, some 25 years later.
      Published analyses of these separate data sets have been based on graphical and
      tabular methods. This paper describes the statistical methodology appropriate to
      the use of logit models to investigate these data sets and shows how such models
      may be used to supplement the more informal approach. The stillbirth data for
      1975 are used for illustration. Paper II, which follows, explores the stillbirth
      data in greater detail, with emphasis on the changes between 1949/50 and 1975.
      Subsequent papers describe neonatal and post-neonatal deaths using the same
      framework. A final paper summarizes the overall changes in infant mortality by
      means of a multilogit model.

PMID- 4023477
TI  - The use of logit models to investigate social and biological factors in infant
      mortality. II: Stillbirths.
AB  - Infant mortality data for England and Wales cross-classified by mother's age,
      parity and social class have only been published for 1949/50 and 1975.
      Appropriate statistical methodology for the analysis of such data has been
      described in Paper I, which used the 1975 stillbirth data for illustration. This
      paper examines the stillbirth data from both years by formally incorporating the
      year of data collection into the statistical model, enabling changes in the age,
      parity and social class effects with time to be investigated. Despite a marked
      reduction in stillbirth mortality from 21.1 to 10.1 per thousand over the period,
      the relative contribution of social class has increased. In particular there has
      been a relative increase in risk for mothers in the lower social classes. By
      contrast the effects of age and parity, although remaining important, have
      diminished over the period.

PMID- 4023478
TI  - Empirical Bayes estimation of cancer mortality rates.
AB  - Mortality rates for specific cancer types and age-sex groups computed for large
      numbers of cities typically show extreme fluctuation. This is primarily due to
      the rare occurrence of specific cancer deaths in most of the small and moderate
      size cities during a fixed time period. Assuming a Poisson death process, we use
      an empirical Bayes method to obtain adjusted rates that are more stable for
      comparison of cities and prediction of future mortality. We have chosen stomach
      and bladder cancers in Missouri cities to illustrate the problems, techniques and
      results.

PMID- 4023479
TI  - Comparative analysis of two rates.
AB  - In this paper, we examine comparative analysis of rates with a view to each of
      the usual comparative parameters-rate difference (RD), rate ratio (RR) and odds
      ratio (OR)-and with particular reference to first principles. For RD and RR we
      show the prevailing statistical practices to be rather poor. We stress the need
      for restricted estimation of variance in the chi-square function underlying
      interval estimation (and also point estimation and hypothesis testing). For RR
      analysis we propose a chi-square formulation analogous to that for RD and, thus,
      one which obviates the present practice of log transformation and its associated
      use of Taylor series approximation of the variance. As for OR analysis, we
      emphasize that the chi-square function, introduced by Cornfield for unstratified
      data, and extended by Gart to the case of stratified analysis, is based on the
      efficient score and thus embodies its optimality properties. We provide
      simulation results to evince the better performance of the proposed (parameter
      constrained) procedures over the traditional ones.

PMID- 4023480
TI  - On the use of the logistic model in prospective studies.
AB  - We describe the usual statistical concepts and consequent appropriate simulations
      of a prospective study for the simple case of a single risk variable and an
      assumed logistic model. We examine the simulations of Lilienfeld and Pyne, and
      show that they are seriously flawed. Contrary to those authors' claims, the
      estimates of parameters by the Walker-Duncan technique are both accurate and
      reliable.

PMID- 4023482
TI  - Bias correction in maximum likelihood logistic regression.

PMID- 4023481
TI  - The logistic analysis of epidemiologic prospective studies: investigation by
      simulation.

PMID- 4023483
TI  - Approaches to sample size estimation in the design of clinical trials--a review.

PMID- 4023484
TI  - [A case of polymer fever].

PMID- 4023485
TI  - [A case of immune deficiency in a Zaire infant: AIDS?].

PMID- 4023486
TI  - [Hyperandrogenism and hyperprolactinemia, causes of female infertility. Current
      treatment].

PMID- 4023487
TI  - [Value of microsurgery in the treatment of infertility of tubal origin].

PMID- 4023488
TI  - [In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in the treatment of infertility].

PMID- 4023489
TI  - [Treatment of male infertility].

PMID- 4023490
TI  - [A mediastinal seminoma].

PMID- 4023491
TI  - [Screening for recto-colic neoplasms by the detection of occult blood in the
      stool: a study in the hospital milieu].

PMID- 4023492
TI  - [Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. A propos of 2 cases].

PMID- 4023493
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes].

PMID- 4023494
TI  - [Acute mesenteric ischemia].

PMID- 4023495
TI  - [New local treatment of ulcers of the lower limb].

PMID- 4023497
TI  - [Management of alcoholics].

PMID- 4023496
TI  - [The generalist and fatigue].

PMID- 4023498
TI  - [Drug update].

PMID- 4023499
TI  - [The significance of genetic factors in epilepsies].

PMID- 4023500
TI  - [Reflex epilepsies].

PMID- 4023501
TI  - [Risk of malformation in anticonvulsant therapy in pregnancy].

PMID- 4023502
TI  - [Hyperventilation syndrome].

PMID- 4023503
TI  - [Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix: diagnosis and etiology as
      seen in a few cases without diethylstilbestrol anamnesis].

PMID- 4023504
TI  - [Ambulatory plastic surgery].

PMID- 4023505
TI  - [Dangerous waterborne viruses in natural waters?].

PMID- 4023506
TI  - [Thoracic pain, dyspnea].

PMID- 4023507
TI  - [The hypercalcemia syndrome].

PMID- 4023508
TI  - [Pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 4023509
TI  - [Spinal compression].

PMID- 4023510
TI  - [Necrotizing fasciitis].

PMID- 4023511
TI  - [Pericardial tamponade].

PMID- 4023512
TI  - [Prevention of hepatitis B: questions and answers].

PMID- 4023513
TI  - [Psychological adjustment in the physician-patient relationship].

PMID- 4023514
TI  - [Intramuscular lipoma of the thigh].

PMID- 4023515
TI  - [Cough, hemoptysis, thoracic pain].

PMID- 4023516
TI  - [Childhood hearing loss and its early diagnosis].

PMID- 4023517
TI  - [The involution of cerebral dominance].

PMID- 4023518
TI  - [Reflections on stuttering and the psychotherapeutic treatment of stutterers].

PMID- 4023519
TI  - [Payments and interventions by the federal disability insurance in cases of
      language disorders in children of preschool age].

PMID- 4023520
TI  - [The child psychiatrist faced with the description of language phenomena and
      their interpretation].

PMID- 4023521
TI  - [Examination, diagnosis and treatment of functional language disorders].

PMID- 4023522
TI  - [Early guidance of deaf children and their parents].

PMID- 4023523
TI  - [Chronic meningoencephalitis with progressive internal hydrocephalus].

PMID- 4023524
TI  - [Evolution of children hospitalized at the Bercail for a pathologic behavioral
      structure, a consequence of abandonment or early affective deprivation].

PMID- 4023525
TI  - [Peripheral arterial insufficiency in athletes].

PMID- 4023526
TI  - Bacteremia caused by Aeromonas species in hospitalized cancer patients.
AB  - Bacteremia caused by Aeromonas species occurred in 24 hospitalized patients in a
      cancer institute during a 13-year period. All but one of these patients had a
      malignancy (88% had leukemia), and most were receiving chemotherapy for cancer.
      There was a striking numerical predominance of male patients (82%). Unlike some
      previously described patients with infections due to this organism, none of these
      24 patients had recently been exposed to fresh or salt water or to fish. The
      source of the infecting organism was thought to be endogenous--i.e., from
      patients' own gastrointestinal tracts. The clinical presentation of sepsis caused
      by this organism was nonspecific, except that ecthyma gangrenosum occurred in
      several patients. The overall mortality rate was 28%. The combination of an
      aminoglycoside and a cephalosporin is appropriate therapy for bacteremia caused
      by Aeromonas species.

PMID- 4023527
TI  - The use of antimicrobial agents for noninfectious diseases.
AB  - Antimicrobial agents are used in the treatment of a variety of noninfectious
      diseases. Therapeutic action may be directed against the host immune system as
      well as against the microbe. Some actions conventionally classified as toxic may
      be therapeutically or diagnostically desirable under unusual clinical
      circumstances. Antibiotics are used for both their antimicrobial and
      antiinflammatory properties to treat several dermatologic and immune-mediated
      diseases. Tetracycline fluorescence indicates necrotic or malignant tissue and
      the depth of dermal burns. Tetracycline's affinity for new bone tissue formation
      has applications in both research and diagnostic assessments. Radiolabeled
      tetracycline can act as an imaging agent for the gall bladder and kidney. The
      sulfonamides and sulfones, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, and some
      aminoglycosides also have been demonstrated to have unusual therapeutic and
      diagnostic efficacy, albeit by mechanisms not always understood. Although not all
      reported unconventional applications of antimicrobial agents remain in use,
      sharpening awareness of their multifaceted actions should encourage broader
      understanding of all agents traditionally confined to specific uses.

PMID- 4023528
TI  - The phagocytic cell: summary.

PMID- 4023529
TI  - Regulatory mechanisms of a chemoattractant receptor on human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.
AB  - The oligopeptide chemotactic factor receptor in leukocyte membranes exists in two
      affinity states that are in part interconvertible. Convertibility is regulated by
      guanine nucleotides, which suggests that a nucleotide regulatory unit
      allosterically modifies receptor affinity and participates in its transduction
      mechanisms. Approximately one-third of the high-affinity receptors in
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) membranes are not subject to guanine nucleotide
      regulation. This fraction can be increased by agonist preincubation and could
      represent an intermediate form of the receptor prior to signal transduction
      and/or internalization. Pharmacologic manipulation of viable PMNs demonstrates
      that the affinity and functional activity of the chemoattractant receptor can be
      altered divergently by aliphatic alcohols and polyene antibiotics. The alcohols
      raise the receptors' affinity, enhance chemotaxis, but markedly depress
      chemoattractant-induced secretory mechanisms. In contrast, polyene antibiotics
      lower the receptors' affinity, depress chemotaxis, but enhance specific granule
      secretion. Thus, a relationship exists between the chemoattractant receptors'
      affinity and their ability to transduce signals for either chemotaxis or
      secretion.

PMID- 4023530
TI  - Cellular strategies in receptor-mediated phagocytosis.
AB  - Two strategies by which mononuclear phagocytes restrict and localize their
      microbicidal capacities are reviewed. The first concerns the ability of
      macrophages to seal off a closed compartment between themselves and opsonized
      targets. This compartment may be used to contain, concentrate, and protect toxic
      substances secreted by the phagocyte. The second concerns the ability of
      macrophages to regulate the phagocytosis-promoting capacity of their C3
      receptors. C3 receptors are maintained in an inactive state, but they can be
      readily activated at sites of infection in such a way that they promote vigorous
      phagocytosis.

PMID- 4023531
TI  - [Bronchoalveolar lavage data in localized pulmonary tuberculosis].
AB  - Twenty-two patients with radiologically localised pulmonary tuberculosis
      underwent one or more broncho-alveolar lavages: 10 patients had a single lavage
      in the disease area, 11 had two lavages (1 in a healthy zone and 1 in the
      affected zone) and 1 patient had a triple lavage. The laboratory analysis of the
      fluid revealed that the tuberculosis was accompanied by an elevation of the
      various proteins assayed and by an alteration in the cytology (lymphocytosis,
      neutrophilia or mixed) in the radiologically involved zone. In contrast,the
      healthy zone revealed normal values except in 2 cases which presented a
      lymphocytosis. The type of cytological abnormality does not appear to have any
      prognostic value, but is probably related to different pathophysiological
      mechanisms.

PMID- 4023532
TI  - [Legionnaires' disease: 21 cases observed over 2.5 years in a Parisian
      respiratory intensive care unit].
AB  - The incidence of Legionnaire's disease is probably underestimated in France. Its
      clinical presentation is very suggestive, especially after the failure of a 48
      hour therapeutic trial of beta-lactams, when a pneumococcal infection is
      initially suspected. This one sign is sufficient to orient the diagnostic survey
      and constitutes an indication for a therapeutic trial of macrolides for at least
      72 hours. In fact, the delay in the diagnosis appears to be the determinant
      factor in the fatal outcome of the disease.

PMID- 4023533
TI  - [Steady-state carbon monoxide transfer during progressive muscular exercise in
      patients. Relation to PaO2. Value of specific VCO].
AB  - During muscular exercise, the alveolo-capillary gas exchange reaches its optimal
      capacity, but taking blood for arterial blood gases is associated with certain
      risks and the classical criteria of CO transfer in the steady state are difficult
      to interpret as they are influenced by age, sex, ventilatory regime. The
      "specific" CO uptake (VCO Sp) does not correspond to these criteria (6). When
      related to the ERCO2, it allows the DuCO to be determined (4). It has the same
      value at the 3rd minute and at the 10th minute of constant exercise (5). Like
      TCO, it is correlated with the PaO2 during effort (5). In this study, a
      triangular exercise was performed by men aged between 45 add 55 years, smokers
      and former smokers, classified into 4 A: 12 healthy subjects; B: 56 cases of
      chronic respiratory disease; C: 9 cases of chronic obstructive airways disease
      (COAD); D: 12 cases of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis (DPF). Groups C and D were
      derived from group B. The VCO SP, TCO and DuCO were measured at each plateau of
      the triangular exercise. In the patients, the PaO2 was measured at the same time
      as the FF (CO, CO2). In the last phase of exercise (Ex. Max.): VCO Sp was more
      frequently altered at rest and more strongly correlated to TCO; TCO/V had the
      same significance as DuCO. The results of TCO, VCO Sp and DuCO were compared
      between groups A, C and D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4023534
TI  - [Value of a brief ergometric test in the functional evaluation of chronic
      bronchopneumopathy].
AB  - The purpose of this work was to study the usefulness of short muscular exercise
      as part of standard respiratory function testing. A group of 19 patients with
      chronic bronchitis performed moderate load exercise (30 to 60 watts) on a cycle
      ergometer for 10 mn. Blood gases and acid-base balance were measured at rest, at
      the 2nd and the 10th mn of pedaling. In spite of highly significant relationships
      between resting values (blood gases, spirometry) and exercise data (blood gases),
      the scattering of the results precludes predicting the latter from the former. In
      contrast, the comparison between each of the two exercise results (2nd and 10th
      mn) shows not only a highly significant correlation but also a standard deviation
      to the regression lines which is objectively diminished. Thus, muscular exercise
      seems to give specific information that could be a useful component of
      respiratory function testing. Further, blood gas results obtained at the 2nd mn
      of muscular exercise suffice, thus obviating the need for a longer exercise
      programme that might be badly tolerated by patients.

PMID- 4023535
TI  - [Tracheobronchial clearance in the hypersecreting asthmatic patient].
AB  - Tracheo-bronchial clearance in the hyper-secreting asthmatic patient was studied
      by observing the elimination over a period of time of a tracer placed on the
      bronchial wall over time. The authors describe the method used. The analysis of
      the results enables two purification processes to be distinguished: muco-ciliary
      activity and cough. The reliability of the method enabled comparison of the
      results obtained in 7 healthy subjects and 11 hyper-secreting asthmatics. In the
      healthy subjects, clearance is carried out by the muco-ciliary activity. In the
      asthmatics, global clearance is normal, but the cough plays an essential role as
      the muco-ciliary activity is decreased. The question then arises as to whether
      the decreased muco-ciliary activity in asthmatic patients is due to failure of
      the bronchial cilia or to the mucus.

PMID- 4023536
TI  - [Paracentric inversion: a study of 2 new cases].
AB  - Two new cases of paracentric inversion are reported. One involved the short arm
      of chromosome 1 and affected two generations and the other involved the long arm
      of chromosome 5 and was described in 5 generations. The relationships between
      paracentric inversions and reproductive problems are discussed in the light of
      the literature.

PMID- 4023537
TI  - [Pregnancy and labor in Gabonese adolescent girls. A study of 97 cases].
AB  - The authors report a study of pregnancy and delivery in adolescent girls, based
      on a series of 97 cases of young Gabonese women. The study examined this subject
      from two points of view: obstetrical, in which the results were essentially
      identical to those of other studies and in other countries, and psycho-socio
      economic, which revealed the feelings of shame and the problems associated with
      caring for the newborn infant.

PMID- 4023538
TI  - [Treatment of stage I and II uterine cervix cancer. Round table].

PMID- 4023539
TI  - [Therapeutic trial of the combination promestriene-chlorquinaldol in the
      treatment of vaginitis].

PMID- 4023540
TI  - [The rape of a spouse and its medicolegal implications].

PMID- 4023541
TI  - [Radiation and surgical treatment of cancer of the cervix uteri in proximal
      stages I and II].
AB  - No results from therapeutic trials describing the best therapeutic procedure for
      cervical carcinoma in stages I and IIa are available. Analysis of a series of 242
      cases of cervical carcinoma in stages I and IIa, from 1975 to 1980, treated with
      radical surgery and radiation therapy, yields a therapeutic approach that
      envisions the most reliable evaluation of subclinical extension, cure of cervical
      tumor and prevention of pelvic or extra-pelvic metastases with a minimum of post
      radiation problems. The choice of combination surgery and radiation therapy is
      primarily determined by staging and the volume of the central pelvic tumor. For
      stages I and IIb (upper third of vagina involved) with central pelvic tumor less
      than 4 cm in diameter, the usual procedure is recommended i.e. radium
      application, total hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy followed by external
      irradiation of pelvic lymphatics in cases with lymphadenopathy. For stages IIb
      (obvious parametrial involvement) and for stages I or II with central pelvic
      tumor between 4 and 6 cm in diameter: total dose external and internal pelvic
      radiation therapy followed by total hysterectomy without pelvic lymphadenectomy
      but with exploration of obturator, hypogastric, external iliac, common iliac, and
      aortic nodes. For the rare supravaginal central pelvic tumors greater than 6 cm
      in diameter, the risk of clinical evaluative error and incomplete sterility by
      irradiation alone, warrants first an explorative laparotomy using Wertheim's
      procedure, then pelvic lymphadenectomy and exploration of pelvic and aortic lymph
      nodes.

PMID- 4023542
TI  - [Epidemiologic factors in ovarian cancer].
AB  - Ovarian carcinoma is the most severe gynecological cancer with an overall
      incidence of 12 per 1000 Americans or Europeans developing it over 40 years of
      age. Only 3 of the 12 cases will receive efficient care because the diagnosis
      will be made too late. This study reveals the principal risk factors i.e. upper
      socioeconomic echelon, ovarian function uninterrupted by a pregnancy or usage of
      oral contraceptives, anamnestic evidence of ovarian carcinoma in the family, some
      hereditary disorders, external insults (talcum powder). The synthesis of these
      various risk factors permits a comprehensive review of the hypotheses of
      pathogenesis concerning recurrence of tumors. But corollary epidemiologic studies
      are still needed to try to define better the high risk groups whose follow-up
      systematic detection and testing is a priority.

PMID- 4023543
TI  - [Electrophoretic control of serum proteins in donors designated for
      plasmapheresis. Initial evaluation of the analysis of 3500 donors].
AB  - Total serum proteins were evaluated and serum protein electrophoresis performed
      on 3 500 blood donors after plasmapheresis. The results were standard for total
      serum proteins, serum albumin and immunoglobulin in 98% of the donors, whereas
      monoclonal immunoglobulin, immunodeficiencies or polyclonal
      hypergammaglobulinemia were detected in 2% of them. The frequency of monoclonal
      components is roughly 0.3%, corresponding to the frequency observed in normal
      adults of 40 to 60 years old. Donors found with monoclonal immunoglobulins or
      immunodeficiency should not be considered as eligible for blood donation.

PMID- 4023544
TI  - [Cold lymphocytotoxins in schistosomiasis mansoni].
AB  - The serum of 134 patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni, including both acute
      and chronic forms of the disease, were tested for the presence of cold
      lymphocytotoxins. These were found in 4.5% of acute forms of the disease, in
      88.4% of chronic infections and in only 9.8% of the uninfected control group
      (blood donors). An analysis of the results suggests a probable role for cold
      lymphocytotoxins in the immune response of the different phases of human
      schistosomiasis.

PMID- 4023545
TI  - [Idiotypic regulation of the immune response].

PMID- 4023546
TI  - [The micro-computer card. Possible applications to transfusion from A to Z].
AB  - Following characteristics of micro-computer cards: inaccessibility to selected
      secret information; strong resistance to aggressive external agents;
      impossibility of altering stored data without destroying it; instant reading and
      reproduction by authorized services; make them a perfect material for building up
      individual records of civil and biological data. Their application to blood
      transfusion allows increased safety not only for blood donation registrations,
      but above all when transfusion takes place; they may also be used as credit cards
      for health expenditures. They consequently serve as real LIFE cards.

PMID- 4023547
TI  - [Case of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with a benign course in a healthy
      adult].
AB  - We herein describe the case of Lysteria monocytogenes meningitis. The isolation
      and identification of the bacteria causing the infection ollowed the antibiotic
      treatment followed by complete remission. Our data also support the hypothesis on
      intense immunological response producing a favourable evolution of the disease.

PMID- 4023548
TI  - [Giant carotid-cavernous aneurysm treated by balloon catheter].
AB  - The AA. report the case of a giant carotid cavernous aneurysm; clinical onset was
      a VI cranial nerve paralysis, and diagnosis was based upon CT and angiographic
      findings. They describe balloon catheter technique used to exclude aneurysm,
      followed by carotid ligature. They eventually emphasize radiologic and
      neurophysiologic studies, and clinical follow up months later.

PMID- 4023549
TI  - [Aneurysm of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). 18th case in the
      literature].
AB  - The AA. report the case of an anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm
      (XVIIIth in world literature). Reviewing literature on the subject, they recall
      anatomical and clinical variations of AICA aneurysms, and report surgical
      techniques usually employed.

PMID- 4023550
TI  - [Retrobulbar optic neuritis as an initial symptom of multiple sclerosis. Results
      of a prospective study].
AB  - 40 patients with idiopathic optic neuritis (ON) between 1st January 1967 and 31st
      December 1977 have been checked again from oculistic and neurological point of
      view between 1st January and 31st March 1983. 10 of 40 examined patients (25%)
      are found suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) at the time of check up. Our
      research points out that idiopathic ON evolutive risk towards MS is greater in
      females, in people between 20 and 40 years old, in people with one or more
      relapses as well as in people with neurological microsymptoms at the time of ON.

PMID- 4023551
TI  - Vertical distribution of flying black-flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Central
      Nigeria.
AB  - Flying black-flies were collected using an array of 4 nets mounted on a vehicle
      at heights between 0.15 and 3.0 m above the ground. The vertical distribution
      differed amongst the 8 most abundant species, but within a particular species
      such as S. squamosum, there was no significant difference in the vertical
      distribution of the males and females, nor between females of different
      physiological conditions. This infers that the height of the trap on the vehicle
      will not normally be a source of bias during population studies. However, there
      was some evidence of circadian changes in the vertical distribution; during the
      afternoon, black-flies of all species flew higher compared with in the evening.

PMID- 4023552
TI  - Study on the activity of antiparasitic agents against Onchocerca lienalis third
      stage larvae in vitro.
AB  - The in vitro drug response of third stage larvae of the cattle filarial worm
      Onchocerca lienalis has been studied. Larvae were maintained in Minimum Essential
      Eagles medium supplemented with 10% inactivated foetal calf serum and exposed to
      the following drugs: Mel W, caparsolate sodium, suramin, ivermectin,
      flubendazole, levamisole and amoscanate plus 3 novel melaminylthioarsenites.
      Antiparasitic activity of these compounds has been assessed on their killing
      effects and their ability to totally inhibit the moult from the third to the
      fourth stage. Unfortunately, moulting occurred at a low rate in the culture
      system used and was not suitable as a quantitative parameter for describing drug
      activity. However, the results indicated that if the rate of ecdysis could be
      increased by improving the culture conditions, moulting could be used in this
      manner since exsheathment has inhibited by certain compounds at concentrations
      where killing effects were less than 50%. Of the compounds evaluated ivermectin
      demonstrated good activity, totally preventing ecdysis at 0.001 microgram/ml. The
      drug assay system used in this study may offer a starting point for the eventual
      development of a meaningful and specific in vitro screen for new anti-Onchocerca
      agents.

PMID- 4023553
TI  - Development of infective larvae of Onchocerca volvulus in diffusion chambers
      implanted into Mastomys natalensis.
AB  - Diffusion chambers containing vector-derived infective larvae of O. volvulus were
      implanted into male Mastomys natalensis and removed after periods up to 100 days.
      Nearly all chambers contained motile living parasites. After two weeks lengths
      and diameters of the larvae had increased significantly and after 100 days one
      juvenile worm showed well developed papillae at the posterior end.

PMID- 4023554
TI  - Studies on a focus of yaws in Ubangi, Zaire.
AB  - Yaws (buba, Frambosie, pian), a non-venereal treponematosis of skin and bones is
      a tropical disease that affects primarily children. Eradication programs launched
      between 1950 und 1970 reduced the incidence substantially; resurgences, however,
      have been reported from several countries. We have studied a geographically
      isolated focus of yaws in the Ubangi area of northwestern Zaire. In survey I, in
      1981, of the 4.407 participants from 11 villages, 348 (7.9%) had active lesions
      of yaws. All patients and their contacts were treated immediately with benzathine
      penicillin G. In survey II, in 1982, in 6 of the previously studied villages, of
      5,390 participants, 136 (2.5%) had active lesions of yaws. In 1981, the
      predominance of primary lesions (86%) and high numbers of patients in all age
      groups, with the highest prevalence (23.4%) in children 10-14 years of age,
      suggest that yaws recently recurred at this focus. In 1982, only 25.7% of the
      lesions were primary and the highest prevalence (6.5%) had shifted to the younger
      age group of 5-10 years-old. In survey I more males (63%) were infected in the
      age group 0-24 years, and more females (89%) in those over 40 years. In survey
      II, more males (61.3%) were infected in the age group 0-14 years, and only
      females (100%) in the age groups 25 years and older. Seventy-one percent (1981)
      and 86% (1982) of the initial lesions were on the lower limbs. Participation of
      the population in survey I was 41.7% and was greatest (62%) in the locality where
      there was a newly established dispensary. In survey II, participation rose to
      73.8%. Areas adjacent to the focus of yaws with longstanding dispensaries were
      free of yaws.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4023555
TI  - Sleeping sickness in Busoga, Uganda, 1976-1983.
AB  - Between 1976 and 1983 in the Busoga Region in Uganda 10,414 male and 9,560 female
      patients were detected with trypanosomiasis. Prior to the onset of the epidemic,
      Glossina f. fuscipes, the sole vector, had broken through the tsetse control
      barrier and had spread to cover most of the region. The fly was further observed
      to be resting in Lantana plants and coffee and banana plantations which are
      widespread in the area. A close and regular contact was thus established between
      man and fly. It was observed that the young and engergetic persons first became
      infected, but as the epidemic unfolded the older age-groups bore the brunt. The
      infection was also seen in all other age-groups indicating the closeness of
      contact between the fly and the local population.

PMID- 4023556
TI  - Trypanosomal cardiac valvulitis in vervet monkeys.
AB  - Quarantined vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were infected with
      Trypanosoma brucei (10(4) parasites/animal) in a tsetse free area. Thirteen
      monkeys (11 infected with T.b. rhodesiense and 2 with T.b. brucei) were studied.
      Animals became parasitaemic within one week after infection. The infection time
      lasted between 21 and 129 days; in 8 monkeys it was between 50 and 70 days.
      Macroscopically massive pericarditis was observed in one, pericardial effusion in
      one, small apical aneurysms in three. Microscopically all had pancarditis of
      moderate to marked degree including all 4 chambers, the apices and the valvular
      appendages. Trypanosomes and inflammatory cells were found in the interstitium of
      the 3 cardiac layers. Lymphatic drainage of trypanosomes and inflammatory cells
      was seen in all hearts, the lymphatic vessels showing signs of stasis. By light
      microscopy trypanosomes and inflammatory cells were also shown to occur in all
      four types of heart valves implicating diffuse valvulitis. In two instances
      electron microscopy confirmed the intact presence of the trypanosomes clustering
      in great numbers in the pars elastica of the valves. In the collagenous part,
      some intact single trypanosomes were seen between collagen fibres. No amastigotes
      were observed. These results point to select sites in organ topography which in
      turn may be relevant to active disease, chemotherapy and healing. The possibility
      of hiding places within the heart - protecting trypanosomes from the host defense
      and/or chemotherapeutic agents - ought to be considered.

PMID- 4023557
TI  - Human fascioliasis in Cajamarca/Peru. I. Diagnostic methods and treatment with
      praziquantel.
AB  - In a prospective study 34 Peruvian fascioliasis patients were followed up for
      three months after treatment with praziquantel. The rapid sedimentation of faeces
      was demonstrated to be the most appropriate parasitological technique for the
      diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infections in man compared to the MIF
      concentration or the examination of duodenal fluid by Enterotest. After therapy
      with different doses of praziquantel only 21% of the patients stopped to excrete
      worm eggs although 17 patients had been treated repeatedly. During the period of
      observation all patients presented a decreasing number of symptoms. It is
      concluded that praziquantel is not very active against F. hepatica in man.

PMID- 4023558
TI  - Human fascioliasis in Cajamarca/Peru. II. Humoral antibody response and
      antigenaemia.
AB  - Four immunoassays (IgG ELISA, indirect haemagglutination = IHA, IgM ELISA and
      antigen ELISA) for determination of humoral antibody and of circulating antigen,
      respectively, were applied to sera of 45 Peruvian fascioliasis patients who were
      identified by demonstration of Fasciola eggs in faeces. All of the sera were
      reactive by at least one of the assays. Sensitivity rates were 0.98 for IgG
      ELISA, 0.56 for IHA, 0.51 for IgM ELISA and 0.20 for antigen ELISA. Among those
      34 patients who were followed up after praziquantel therapy there was a different
      pattern of immunoassay results between patients who stopped excreting eggs after
      therapy and those who continued to pass eggs. Cure was indicated by disappearance
      of both IgM antibody and antigen levels during three months after treatment,
      whereas persistence of infection corresponded to new or re-occurrence of IgM
      antibody and/or circulating antigen during the period of observation. Since there
      was no apparent relation of immunoassay results to therapy, it is presumed that
      the Peruvian patients did not respond to praziquantel at all.

PMID- 4023559
TI  - The pathology of the small intestine in human schistosomiasis mansoni in the
      Sudan.
AB  - Peroral small intestinal biopsies were obtained from 17 patients with Schistosoma
      mansoni infection and 13 control subjects. There was no difference between the
      dissecting microscopic appearances of patients and controls. The histological
      sections of patients showed significant shortening and broadening of villi
      compared to controls. There was no significant difference in the cellularity of
      the Lamina propria between patients and controls except that patients had
      significantly more eosinophils. The biopsies from the control subjects showed
      appearances of tropical enteropathy.

PMID- 4023560
TI  - Identification of adults of the Simulium damnosum complex using hydrocarbon
      analysis.
AB  - Using advanced gas liquid chromatography in association with multivariate
      statistical analysis, a study of four members of the S. damnosum complex - S.
      sirbanum, S. damnosum s.str., S. yahense and S. sanctipauli, revealed that both
      adult male and female flies could be distinguished by quantitative analysis of
      the cuticular hydrocarbon peaks. Adult flies were obtained from sites which were
      known to contain a very high proportion of pure cytospecies. The females of the
      complex were more readily separated from each other than were the males. On the
      basis of preliminary results, the technique provides for the first time, a
      reliable method for distinguishing S. sirbanum and S. damnosum s.str., the most
      important vectors of onchocerciasis in the savanna areas of West Africa, as well
      as an additional method for identification of adult S. sanctipauli and S.
      yahense. Analysis of the hydrocarbons by GC/MS showed them to be straight chain
      and branched saturated hydrocarbons ranging from C22-C35. The technique is simple
      in respect of field methods of collection, and thus holds considerable promise as
      a means of identifying S. damnosum complex flies throughout the area of
      onchocerciasis transmission in Africa.

PMID- 4023561
TI  - Pancreatic oncofetal antigen in the detection of experimental cancer of the
      pancreas.
AB  - A hamster serum protein which reacted with anti-human pancreatic oncofetal
      antigen (POA) was identified in sera from hamsters with varying types of
      pancreatic pathology. Hamsters were treated with N-nitrobis-(2-hydroxypropyl)
      amine, and histological findings in the pancreas were correlated with hamster
      POA. The cross reactivity of anti-human POA with hamster POA was poor. As a
      result, the sensitivity of this assay was too low to permit its use in
      serologically discriminating carcinogen-induced pancreatic cancer from other
      pancreatic pathologies. A specific antiserum and assay system to hamster POA may
      overcome this problem.

PMID- 4023562
TI  - Cellular and molecular changes in 3T3 cells transformed spontaneously or by DNA
      transfection.
AB  - Transformed cell lines have been selected following exposure of NIH 3T3 cells to
      a calcium phosphate precipitate containing DNA from: the human colon carcinoma
      cell line, SW 480; the cloned Harvey sarcoma virus ras gene; the parental NIH 3T3
      cell line; or no DNA (a spontaneous transformant). Unlike the parental 3T3 cells,
      each of these lines readily formed malignant spindle cell tumors in Swiss nu/mu
      mice. Southern blots confirmed the presence of the human homologue of the Kirsten
      ras gene in the cells transformed by SW480 DNA, and the Harvey ras gene in the
      cells transformed with that cloned sequence. The morphology of each of the lines
      was different, the cells transformed with the human and viral ras genes being the
      most aberrant (but not identical) and forming the most extensive foci in culture.
      These ras transformed lines also exhibited anchorage-independent growth, while
      the two other transformed lines did not. Both of the ras transformed lines, as
      well as the spontaneously transformed line, exhibited a pronounced disruption of
      actin microfilament structure. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of 35S
      methionine-labeled peptides revealed that these three lines also had a marked
      decrease in an acidic peptide of 32K daltons.

PMID- 4023563
TI  - Neuron-specific enolase in neuroblastoma and other pediatric tumors: a
      comparative nude mouse and clinical investigation.
AB  - Neuron-specific enolase (gamma-subunit isozyme) in extracts of human
      neuroblastomas and other tumors in children was measured by means of a radio
      immunoassay in order to elucidate the rationale for clinical determination of its
      serum concentrations in patients. Surgical specimens as well as tumors
      xenotransplanted in nude mice were studied. The neuron-specific enolase (NSE)
      concentrations in extracts of xenografted and surgical neuroblastomas were
      1,733.2 +/- 677.3 (range; 883-2,659) ng/mg protein and 1,735.3 +/- 941.1 (559
      2,933) ng/mg protein, respectively, while other pediatric tumors examined showed
      much lower levels of NSE: 121.5 +/- 146.1 (22-374) ng/mg protein in xenografts
      and 17.7-610 ng/mg protein in surgical specimens. Sera of nude mice bearing human
      neuroblastomas also showed NSE concentrations ranging from 1,102 to 4,400 ng/ml,
      very much higher than those in sera of nude mice without tumors or with other
      pediatric tumors. These results tend to confirm the specificity of NSE for
      neuroblastoma, and the difference in NSE concentrations among five neuroblastoma
      xenografts is discussed in relation to their cytogenetic characteristics.

PMID- 4023564
TI  - Pyruvate kinase isozymes and dedifferentiation of (neuro-)ectodermal tumors.
AB  - This paper describes the isozyme composition and regulatory properties of
      pyruvate kinase (PK) from well-differentiated (DMTC) and undifferentiated (AMTC)
      medullary thyroid carcinomas of the rat. These tumors were chosen as an animal
      model for human (neuro-)entodermal neoplasms differing in their degree of
      differentiation. The results were compared with human medullary thyroid
      carcinomas (MTC) and phaeochromocytomas. AMTC were characterized by increased PK
      activity, a higher apparent S0.5 for phosphoenolpyruvate, enhanced inhibition by
      alanine, presence of predominantly M2-type isozyme and loss of M1-type-containing
      hybrids as compared to DMTC. The alterations in PK isozyme expression and hence
      kinetic behaviour could not be demonstrated in human MTC or phaeochromocytomas
      due to the apparently well-differentiated nature of these tumors and the presence
      of M2-type isozymes. These results are discussed with reference to the nature and
      significance of PK isozyme shifts found in other tumors. It is suggested that the
      determination of PK isozyme composition might prove useful in the diagnosis of
      nueroectodermal neoplasms originating from tissues not primarily expressing M2
      type isozyme(s).

PMID- 4023565
TI  - Characterization of the tumorigenic and metastatic properties of a human
      pancreatic tumor cell line (AsPC-1) implanted orthotopically into nude mice.
AB  - An orthotopic xenograft of the human pancreatic tumor was established by
      inoculating human pancreatic tumor AsPC-1 cells into the duodenal lobe of the
      pancreas of the athymic nude mouse. Microscopically, the xenograft was formed by
      a heterogeneous population of tumor cells, displaying moderately to poorly
      differentiated adenocarcinomas with the latter capable of invading the adjacent
      pancreatic islets or non-endocrine elements. At 4 weeks post-transplantation, the
      tumor was detectable as a focal implant at the site of inoculation and thereafter
      grew progressively leading to extensive visceral invasion and metastasis. In
      contrast to the subcutaneous xenograft, all the mice (9/9) bearing orthotopically
      transplanted tumor developed secondary foci in the gut and at the peritoneum,
      with 7, 6, and 4 animals showing additional kidney, mesenteric lymphnodal, and
      diaphragm metastases, respectively. Distant metastases in the lungs were found in
      3 mice and malignant ascites developed in two. Human pancreas cancer associated
      antigen was detected in the tumor, serum, and ascitic fluid of the mice at 63 +/-
      24 micrograms/gm, 15 +/- 6 micrograms/ml, and 5 micrograms/ml, respectively. The
      finding of these regional and distant metastases was quite different from that in
      the animal bearing subcutaneously xenografted tumor where no metastases to
      internal organs was observed. The results suggest the potential use of this
      experimental system in tumor biology and antigen expression of human pancreatic
      cancer in vivo.

PMID- 4023566
TI  - [Levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc, iron and manganese of the
      muscles of slaughterhouse animals. II. Muscle tissue of cattle 1975-1983].

PMID- 4023567
TI  - [Laboratory evaluation of the nutritive value of average daily diets of selected
      population groups in Poland. II. Nutritive value of protein].

PMID- 4023568
TI  - [Laboratory evaluation of the nutritive value of average daily diets of selected
      population groups in Poland. III. Levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron
      and potassium].

PMID- 4023569
TI  - [The quality of nutrition of children in nurseries].

PMID- 4023571
TI  - [Dynamics of growth and maturation of girls in the Upper Silesia Industrial
      District].

PMID- 4023570
TI  - [Sodium sorbate as a preservative for ready-to-eat foods].

PMID- 4023572
TI  - [Psychophysical development of children raised in children's homes and in the
      family].

PMID- 4023573
TI  - [Sanitary-hygienic evaluation of swimming pools in Bydgoszcz based on studies of
      water quality. I. Microbiological studies].

PMID- 4023574
TI  - [Evaluation of the daily intake of mercury, lead and cadmium in the meals of
      selected population groups].

PMID- 4023575
TI  - [Occult damage to the femur neck in senile-/inactivity-osteoporosis].
AB  - Fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients are often a complication in
      osteoporosis. Diagnosis of fractures with displacement and compression of
      fragments is quite easy. The negative radiograph in old patients complaining of
      hip pain is generally considered a characteristic feature of presenile
      osteoporotic pain. Clinical examples present patients with hip pain caused by
      occult injuries of the femoral neck. They should be regarded as imminent
      fractures and adequately treated. Bone scan is very helpful in the early
      detection of such occult osteoporotic injuries.

PMID- 4023576
TI  - [Objective procedure for determining the contrast-detail-diagram in computed
      tomography].
AB  - Complete information on the power of resolution of a computer tomograph is
      supplied by the contrast detail diagram. The authors present the development of
      an objective determination method. Evaluation of the images of a wire and water
      phantom is performed via the computer of the CT equipment. This method yields
      objective and reproducible results.

PMID- 4023577
TI  - [Ergotamine-induced disorders of the peripheral blood circulation--a case
      report].
AB  - Ergotism with severe arterial circulatory disorders, sometimes leading to
      amputation of the leg, is a severe complication following application of drugs
      containing ergotamine. Often the diagnosis is made by the typical angiographic
      findings. The history, clinical course and a new treatment in a very severe case
      is reported.

PMID- 4023578
TI  - [Circumstances of detection and strategy in pediatric urology].

PMID- 4023579
TI  - [Internal urinary malformations].

PMID- 4023580
TI  - [External malformations of the urinary tract].

PMID- 4023581
TI  - [Urinary lithiasis in children].

PMID- 4023582
TI  - [Adrenal phlebography in the etiological diagnosis of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 4023583
TI  - Psychologic investigation in the estimation of the effects of hypotensive therapy
      in hypertensive patients working in the railway and highway traffic security.
AB  - Sixty four hypertensive patients working in railway and highway traffic security
      (engine operators, drivers, switchmen, etc.) were studied clinically and
      paraclinically and were also submitted to psychologic tests since the
      characteristics of their work requires a normal psychophysical state. The
      patients investigated, mostly males (93%), mean age 45.2 years, had essential
      arterial hypertension (AH) stages I (36 patients) and II (28 patients). After 3-4
      days of low salt diet, therapy with propranolol (8 to 360 mg/day) and diuretics
      was started in most of the patients. In 8 patients with AH stage II, hydralazine
      (50-100 mg/days) was added to the treatment. The psychologic tests used were: the
      pencil-paper test "Labyrinth", "Barrage" and "A.D. Praga" and a motor test
      "Piorkowsky" used 2 times, i.e., before and after treatment. After 15 days of
      treatment the blood pressure values decreased: systolic from a mean value of 155
      +/- 25 mmHg to 136 +/- 81 mmHg; diastolic from 102 + 18 mmHg to 84 +/- 11 mmHg.
      The marks for the psychologic test were: very poor, poor, medium, good, very
      good. The post-therapeutic changes obtained were noted in percentages.
      Improvements obtained: for the "Praga" test in 54% of the patients, for the
      "Barrage" in 44% of the patients and for the "Labyrinth" in 66% of the patients.
      Improvements for the first "Piorkowsky" test (slow rate stimuli) were obtained in
      54% of the patients and for the second (faster rate stimuli) in 69%. No decrease
      of psychologic performance was observed in any of the patients. Therefore the
      psychologic tests used may contribute to the follow-up of the effectiveness and
      of the side effects of modern hypotensive therapy especially in patients working
      in traffic security in whom the psychophysical state should be at its best.

PMID- 4023584
TI  - The value of some cytoenzymochemical investigations of the leukocytes and
      platelets in estimating the effects of occupational exposure to benzene, vinyl
      chloride and carbon disulphide.
AB  - Cytoenzymochemical investigations were performed on the leukocytes and platelets
      from 2,782 workers occupationally exposed to benzene, vinyl chloride or carbon
      disulphide, in view of detecting the eventual occurrence of cytologic metabolic
      disorders induced by these chemical substances. The cytomorphologic aspects and
      the cytoenzymochemical parameters studied, such as the leukocyte alkaline
      phosphatase, endolymphocytic glycogen, lymphocytic nucleolar RNA amounts
      (revealed by the lymphocyte nucleologram), as well as the platelet counts have
      shown some abnormal values, whose severity was related to the time of exposure to
      toxic chemicals. The results obtained demonstrate the utility of such tests for
      an early detection of some metabolic disorders of the endolymphocytic proteins,
      carbohydrates or lipids, in view of preventing the occurrence of more severe
      pathologic consequences.

PMID- 4023585
TI  - The metabolic behaviour of the lymphocytes from serous effusions in various
      benign internal diseases.
AB  - The functional status of the lymphocytes from pleural or peritoneal effusions
      occurring in 148 patients with various internal diseases such as tuberculosis,
      liver cirrhosis, heart failure and pneumonias was studied by laboratory
      investigations including morphologic examination, cytoenzymatic, cytochemical and
      biochemical tests for determining the scores of acid phosphatase activity and of
      endolymphocytic glycogen, as well as the presence of nucleolar RNA. These values
      were found increased in the fluids from tb patients and in some cases of liver
      cirrhosis, heart failure and metapneumonic pleurisies. The variations of these
      parameters are assumed to provide information on the metabolic behaviour of the
      lymphocytes present in these fluids and on their participation to the immune,
      inflammatory processes which occur in the course of some of the diseases
      investigated.

PMID- 4023586
TI  - Study of respiratory and immunologic changes in the workers of a poultry farm.
AB  - The present investigation was designed to the study of respiratory symptoms and
      immunologic changes in workers of a poultry farm, chronically exposed to various
      organic allergens (avian, fungi, etc.). The group studied included 202 exposed
      subjects (109 at the slaughter house, 93 on the farms) and 100 controls. Although
      the group was chiefly made up of young women, non-smokers, exposure to avian
      allergens increased the prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Thus, coughing and
      expectoration was noted in 8.2% of the workers in the slaughter house and 10.7%
      of those on the farms, wheezing being present especially in the latter (13.9%).
      An apparently obstructive pulmonary function was observed in 16.10% of the farm
      hands and 1% of controls. The study of humoral immunity suggested that the
      presence of precipitation antibodies (76% positive reactions in the farms, 63% in
      the slaughter house, 44% among the controls) indicated exposure to avian
      allergens rather than the clinical and radiologic presence of the disease.

PMID- 4023587
TI  - Effect of long-term therapy with transfer factor in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Specific immunotherapy with transfer factor (TF) was used in a chronic experiment
      in a group of 50 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stage I-III. The
      patients were followed up for 24 months, clinical and biologic examinations being
      repeated every 3 months. In this period the patients received beside the basic
      nonsteroid antiinflammatory therapy, one unit TF every week over a period of 6
      months then one until TF every month (10 patients) to the end of experiment. Of
      the 50 patients 15 (30%) did not respond to the therapy and the experiments had
      to be interrupted after 6 months. Excellent, very good and good results were
      obtained in 35 patients (70%). In 12 patients the response was good but the dose
      of TF had to be increased to two units/week in the first 6 months. In 13 patients
      the results obtained were very good and therapy with nonsteroid products + TF was
      continued even after the first 6 months. In 10 patients with RA stage I the
      results obtained were excellent and after 6 months the nonsteroid therapy could
      be interrupted and the therapy was continued only with one unit TF every month.
      The study confirmed the fact that specific immunotherapy with TF represents an
      important adjuvant in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

PMID- 4023588
TI  - A method which improves anatomo-clinical correlations in ischemic heart disease.
AB  - A study carried out on 595 unselected subjects aged 21-55 years who had died of
      accidental causes and on 56 selected patients who had died of myocardial
      infarction showed that the light microscopic examination of coronary branch
      vessels led to an obvious improvement of anatomo-clinical correlations in
      ischemic heart disease. These branch vessels included atherosclerotic plaques in
      51% of unselected subjects 51-55 years old, dead of accidents and in 73% of
      selected patients dead of myocardial infarction. Severe stenotic plaques of
      possible clinical significance were found in 14% of subjects dead of accidents
      and in 48% of patients dead of myocardial infarction. In these cases the
      atherosclerotic involvement in the major coronary arteries (left anterior
      descending, circumflex and right coronary arteries) did not reach the level of
      possible clinical significance (greater than or equal to 75% reduction of the
      vessel diameter). Several examples emphasize the importance of stenotic lesions
      in the first diagonal, first septal, posterior descending, left marginal and
      right marginal vessels, as well as in the vessels supplying the sinoatrial and
      atrioventricular nodes for an adequate anatomo-clinical correlation in ischemic
      heart disease.

PMID- 4023589
TI  - Intimal thickening and atherosclerotic involvement of the left main coronary
      artery.
AB  - A post mortem study carried out on 886 apparently healthy children, adolescents,
      young and mature adults of an unselected population sample of Bucharest who died
      of accidental causes, revealed that the left main coronary artery acted as an
      atherosclerosis-resistant segment of the coronary arterial bed. The importance of
      this natural resistance was demonstrated by means of a comparative investigation
      involving the degree of intimal thickness, the intima thickness versus media
      thickness ratio, the per cent of subjects with atherosclerotic plaques and the
      obstructive character of these plaques. These parameters were examined in 6
      selected topographic sites: (a) at 5 mm distal to the origin of the left main
      coronary artery, compared with those detected at 10 mm and 20 mm distal to the
      point of origin of the anterior descending artery; (b) at 5 mm from the aortic
      origin of the right coronary artery, compared with those recorded at 20 mm and 30
      mm from the same point of origin.

PMID- 4023590
TI  - Circulating immunoglobulins--IgA, IgG and IgM--in adults and children with
      idiopathic, never treated, epilepsy, and the effect thereon of mono-drug
      treatments.

PMID- 4023591
TI  - Improvement by CSF spectrophotometry of diagnosis in acute intracerebral
      hemorrhages not revealed by visual and microscopical classical examination of
      CSF.

PMID- 4023592
TI  - Orienting reaction in patients with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4023593
TI  - Retrospective epidemiology in multiple sclerosis and significance of canine
      morbillivirus in the illness etiology.

PMID- 4023594
TI  - Diagnostic value of automatically averaged evoked cerebral potentials for lesions
      of somatosensory pathways.

PMID- 4023595
TI  - [Grammatical agreement performances and strategies in aphasics].

PMID- 4023596
TI  - [The environmental system, its study and management].

PMID- 4023597
TI  - [Changes in the blood picture and iron stores during pregnancy and after labor].

PMID- 4023598
TI  - [A noninvasive method of studying myocardial contraction].

PMID- 4023599
TI  - Does general anaesthesia affect the child's auditory middle latency response
      (MLR)?
AB  - Auditory MLR and ABR were recorded simultaneously in 9 children under general
      anaesthesia, after electrocochleography had demonstrated a normal hearing
      threshold. In contrast to the ABR components which in all cases appeared to be
      clearly recognizable, and with latencies within the normal range, MLR revealed
      gross abnormalities represented by instability of the components and abnormal
      latency of the detectable peaks. Since such variations in the MLR pattern may be
      thought of as a direct consequence of general anaesthesia, it seems likely that
      these potentials reflect a neural activity which, in children, is affected by CNS
      drugs.

PMID- 4023600
TI  - Questionnaires on desirable properties of hearing aids.
AB  - Three questionnaires were presented to 49 hearing-impaired patients. They were
      asked to rank different properties of behind-the-ear hearing aids with regard to
      their importance. The first questionnaire dealt with physical properties such as
      size, weight, and battery-cost, but also with the importance of good sound
      quality. The second questionnaire focused on the relative importance of various
      sound quality dimensions, such as softness, clarity, fullness, and others. The
      third questionnaire asked for suitable sound programs to be used in the procedure
      of hearing aid fitting in the clinic. Sound quality scored the highest rank by 43
      of the patients, and clarity was considered to be the most important sound
      quality dimension. The most preferred sound programs included male and female
      voices with or without a background of other voices.

PMID- 4023601
TI  - Suppression by tones of the click evoked compound action potential in the normal
      and pathological guinea-pig cochlea and in man.
AB  - The compound action potential (AP) to a broad-hand click stimulus, recorded from
      the round window in guinea-pigs and from the promotory in humans, was suppressed
      by a tonal stimulus. The degree of suppression depended upon the relative levels
      of the click and masking tones and upon the tone frequency. Using a fixed 50%
      suppression criterion, the tone-on-click masking revealed that for near threshold
      click levels a relatively narrow population of nerve fibres contributed to the
      AP. Both for threshold and suprathreshold clicks the population of neurones
      contributing to the AP was centred at the minimum of the AP audiogram with no
      shift toward higher frequency as the click level was raised. The shape of the
      response area revealed by tone-on-click masking is similar to that shown by tone
      on-tone masking. Application of the tone-on-click masking technique to Kanamycin
      poisoned guinea-pigs and to humans with cochlear lesions indicated that useful
      information about residual hearing could be obtained even at very low
      frequencies.

PMID- 4023602
TI  - Effect of tone-burst frequency on fast and slow components of auditory brain-stem
      response.
AB  - By means of digital filtering, averaged auditory brain-stem responses (ABR) were
      divided into slow and fast components with frequency compositions of 50-300 Hz
      and 400-1 500 Hz, respectively, and the relation of the two components to
      stimulus frequency was investigated. Tone bursts with a rise-decay time of two
      periods of the chosen frequency with no plateau (2-0-2) and with a 4 ms rise
      decay time with no plateau (8 ms duration) were used as acoustic stimuli. Tone
      burst frequencies were 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 kHz at an intensity level of 40 dB nHL.
      The amplitude ratio of wave V of the fast component to the slow component
      decreased with decreasing stimulus frequency, and it remained almost unchanged at
      each stimulus frequency regardless of the rise-decay time of the stimuli. From
      these results, it became clear that the frequently-mentioned audiometric
      difficulties for lower frequency stimuli in ABR testing are related mainly to the
      low amplitude of the fast component for the frequency range below 1.0 kHz. The
      slow component, with relatively large amplitude for the low-frequency stimuli, is
      regarded as the most useful index in the ABR for threshold estimation of hearing.

PMID- 4023603
TI  - Interpeak intervals of auditory brainstem response, interaural differences in
      normal-hearing subjects and patients with sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - ABR recordings were made on 31 normal-hearing subjects and 253 patients with
      sensorineural hearing loss (86 patients with unilateral hearing loss, 61 patients
      with asymmetrical hearing loss, 34 patients with symmetrical hearing loss, 55
      patients with noise-induced hearing loss and 17 patients in the late chronic
      stage of Meniere's disease). In the patient group with unilateral hearing loss,
      the mean interpeak interval (IPI) I-V was significantly shorter than in normal
      hearing subjects. The interaural IPI differences provide a sharp criterion for
      early detection of acoustic neuroma. The calculation of the 95%-limits (means +
      1.96 SD) showed that in patients with normal hearing or with unilateral or
      symmetrical hearing loss an interaural difference in the IPII-V greater than 0.2
      ms has to be considered as an indication of a neuroma or any other brainstem
      abnormality. In patients with asymmetrical or with noise-induced hearing loss,
      the limit is 0.3 ms. In contrast to the frequently recommended interaural wave V
      latency difference criterion, the interaural IPI difference criterion requires no
      correction for audiogram differences.

PMID- 4023604
TI  - Estimation of auditory brainstem response, ABR, by means of Bayesian inference.
AB  - The present paper describes a new method to estimate the auditory brainstem
      response when the electrical activity from the recording electrodes displays non
      stationarity, i.e. varies between low and high levels. The method is based on a
      statistical approach called Bayesian inference and weights the individual
      components (here blocks of 250 sweeps) inversely proportional to the level of the
      noise activity during the recording. Fifty sets of data from 10 consecutive
      patients obtained during stimulation at high intensity are used to evaluate the
      difference between the classic averaging and the present method which is called
      Bayes estimation. In approximately 30% of the cases, a significant all-over
      improvement is obtained by the new method. The classic averaging technique would
      here require 50% more sweeps to be taken to obtain the same precision of the ABR
      estimate, on average. Also the latency and amplitude parameters of the Jv wave
      complex are evaluated and it is shown that the parameter variance decreases by a
      factor of approximately 2 by using the Bayes estimation. The new technique is
      compared with a similar technique recently presented by Hoke et al. (1984) and
      the differences and similarities are discussed.

PMID- 4023605
TI  - Comparison between thresholds obtained with pure-tone audiometry and the 40-Hz
      middle latency response.
AB  - Threshold determinations were performed with the 40-Hz MLR method on 20
      individuals of varying age, from one month to adult age. The total number of
      threshold measurements was 105 in the frequency range from 0.25 to 8.0 kHz.
      Eighty determinations were performed on persons with hearing loss of 40 dB HL or
      more and the remaining 25 on normal-hearing persons. One of the investigators
      estimated the MLR thresholds without any knowledge of the results of the
      psychoacoustical tests. The MLR thresholds were nevertheless in good concordance
      with those obtained with behavioural tests. The sensitivity of MLR audiometry for
      detecting a hearing loss was 100%, and the specificity for recognizing normal
      hearing was 91%. In 27% of the measurements the thresholds obtained with both
      methods were identical; in 67% the difference was +/- 15 dB. When the MLR
      thresholds were estimated by the dependent investigator the corresponding figures
      were 34 and 74% respectively. When the MLR test was performed on children who
      were sound a sleep, the MLR thresholds were elevated by about 40 dB.

PMID- 4023606
TI  - Does physicians' knowledge of costing related to clinical decision making change
      the consumption of resources despite unchanged medical standards?
AB  - The problem formulation of the present project was as expressed in the title,
      with a secondary approach that if a difference could be measured, its magnitude
      would have to be evaluated in relation to the total bed day price of the study
      period, amounting to DKR 3600. The investigation comprised a hidden and an open
      phase, each covering 2 months, April-May and September-October 1983. During the
      second phase all physicians of the department inserted prices in the case records
      for all clinical decisions, consumption of utensils, drugs, X-ray investigations,
      clinical-chemical analyses, clinical-physiological analyses, ultrasonographies,
      endoscopies, and visits by specialist consultants. The price setting was done
      from a price catalogue made for the study, in accordance with either existing
      prices or prices calculated for the present purpose. During the first hidden
      phase it was possible to calculate the total price of all clinical interventions
      by secondarily applying prices as in phase 2. In this manner it was possible to
      create a starting level representing a period in which none of the participants
      had any idea of the later health economy study. In both phases 293 patients
      entered, with an identical distribution of age, sex, admittance periods, and so
      forth. The total sum of registered interventions for phase 1 was DKR 612,839 and
      for phase 2, DKR 532,515, giving a reduction of approximately 13%, corresponding
      to total expenses per day within the subgroups mentioned of DKR 199 in phase 1
      and DKR 176 in phase 2. These sums must be judged in relation to the bed day
      price for the study phases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4023607
TI  - Irritable bowel syndrome--prognosis and diagnostic safety. A 5-year follow-up
      study.
AB  - The irritable bowel syndrome is the commonest diagnosis in gastroenterological
      clinics, although diagnostic criteria and investigatory programs vary. To
      elucidate the diagnostic safety and prognosis of the syndrome, a retrospective
      study was conducted. One hundred and twelve consecutive patients with irritable
      bowel syndrome as the final and only abdominal diagnosis in the period 1977-79
      were followed up in 1984. Seventeen patients died during the follow-up period;
      two of these were considered diagnostic failures (chronic pancreatitis and
      pancreatic cancer). Of the remaining 95 patients, 93 were available for the
      follow-up study. Three diagnostic failures were found (gallbladder stones, kidney
      stone, thyrotoxicosis). The diagnostic failure rate was accordingly 4.5% (5/110).
      Half of the patients had unchanged or aggravated symptoms at the follow-up study,
      independent of treatment. The only predictor of a poor prognosis was abdominal
      surgery before the diagnosis.

PMID- 4023608
TI  - A method to prevent recanalization of the transected bile duct in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop a surgical technique for bile duct
      occlusion in the rat which would prevent restoration of biliary drainage. In
      three successive series of animals the surgical technique was modified from
      ligation and transection to ligation and transection with resection and, finally,
      to ligation and transection with transposition of the distal end behind the
      stomach-duodenum. In these three groups recanalization was observed in 4 out of
      9, 1 out of 9, and 0 out of 19 animals, respectively. Bilirubin levels in plasma
      monitored in the last group showed that a stable cholestatic jaundice was
      maintained for at least 6 weeks. The results suggest that transposition of the
      distal transected end of the bile duct below the stomach-duodenum will
      effectively reduce the chance of recanalization and thus make study of long-term
      extrahepatic cholestasis in the rat more practical.

PMID- 4023609
TI  - Biliary secretion of bilirubin and lipids in chronic cholestatic liver disease.
AB  - Relationships between biliary bilirubin and lipid secretions were studied in
      patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease, mainly primary biliary
      cirrhosis. The bilirubin secretion rate in the patients was not significantly
      different from that in the controls. However, the bilirubin output per
      phospholipids, per bile acids, and per phospholipids plus bile acids was high,
      especially at low bile acid secretion rates. Thus, the bile of the patients with
      chronic cholestatic liver disease appears to be frequently 'supersaturated' with
      bilirubin. This metabolic abnormality may be associated with an increased risk of
      pigment stone formation in patients with cirrhosis.

PMID- 4023610
TI  - High gastric bile acid concentration in prepyloric ulcer patients.
AB  - The intragastric concentrations of bile acid (BAC) and pH were measured over 24 h
      in 13 patients with duodenal (DU), in 11 with prepyloric (PU) ulcer disease, and
      in 12 healthy controls. Large fluctuations in bile acid concentration occurred
      for individuals from all three groups. PU patients had BACs higher than DU
      patients and controls both during the day (p less than 0.01 and p less than
      0.001) and at night (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05). Controls had a
      significantly higher BAC during the night than the day (p less than 0.001). The
      acidity was significantly higher in DU patients than in controls both during the
      day and night (p less than 0.05). Compared with PU patients, the DU patients had
      higher acidity at night (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 4023611
TI  - Idiopathic bile acid diarrhoea reconsidered.
AB  - Two new cases of a rare entity provisionally coined 'idiopathic bile acid
      diarrhoea' are reported and compared with previous cases. The diarrhoeal syndrome
      has been identified as a cholegenic enteropathy. In the absence of conventional
      ileopathy the cause of the bile acid loss is obscure, but it is hypothesized that
      it may be due to a relative deficiency in ileal absorptive sites for bile acid
      anions. So far the diagnosis has partly been based on measurements of faecal bile
      acid losses. It is suggested that a carefully conducted therapeutic trial with
      cholestyramine may be almost equally helpful.

PMID- 4023612
TI  - Observer variability in upper gastrointestinal fiber endoscopy.
AB  - The reliability of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was evaluated in 71 patients.
      The study was designed as a comparison between the separate protocols written by
      two endoscopists at each EGD. The results showed an over-all disagreement of 32%
      between observers. When the results were correlated with endoscopical experience,
      a significantly higher proportion of false-negative results was found among
      endoscopists with experience of less than 500 EGDs compared with a more
      experienced group of investigators. No difference was found between residents in
      training (less than or equal to 200 EGDs) and those with intermediate experience
      (200-500 EGDs). The implications with regard to repeated training programs and
      authorization of endoscopists are discussed.

PMID- 4023613
TI  - Hypersecretion of gastric acid in a representative Finnish family sample.
AB  - To evaluate the family behaviour of acid secretion and particularly of
      'hypersecretion', we have examined by pentagastrin test and direct vision gastric
      biopsy 342 subjects with a normal mucosa or superficial gastritis of the body
      mucosa, collected from a large family sample of the Finnish population. Acid
      output (AO) was expressed in terms of fat-free body weight (FFB), which
      eliminates the sex factor found by other expressions of AO. Subjects with values
      above 1.0 mmol/h/FFB were considered 'hypersecretors' (14 subjects, or 4% of the
      whole sample). They differed from the whole sample with regard to a high
      prevalence of signs of duodenal ulcer disease, of high serum pepsinogen, and of
      blood group O and lack of gastric antibodies and of high serum gastrin levels.
      The Fisher distribution test showed a significant family aggregation of AO
      values. In addition, at low AO levels there were subgroups with distinct gaps
      between them. This finding suggests the effect of genetic variation rather than
      of a common family environment. The occurrence of higher AO values in sibs but
      not in children of 'hypersecretors' seems to rule out the possibility of a
      dominant Mendelian inheritance. These present results are considered to be best
      compatible with a multigenetic mode of inheritance of gastric hypersecretion.

PMID- 4023614
TI  - The sequelae and course of chronic gastritis during a 30- to 34-year bioptic
      follow-up study.
AB  - Three hundred and seventy-seven subjects with different conditions of the gastric
      body mucosa have been followed up for 30-34 years, first by the 'blind' suction
      biopsy method and since 1973-1976 by the direct-vision endoscopic method. Body
      gastritis revealed a distinct worsening trend during the whole follow-up period.
      However, during the last follow-up period some slowing down of the process was
      also discernible. In the antrum there was a distinct healing trend during that
      period. Thus all cases of distinct atrophic gastritis limited to the antrum and
      found at the re-examination in 1973-1976 had disappeared during the last follow
      up period owing to regression of the antral or continuation of the body process.
      On the other hand, a considerable proportion of cases of diffuse antrofundal
      atrophic gastritis found in 1973-1976 appeared in 1983-1984 in the 'pure' body
      atrophic gastritis group, obviously due to regression of the antral process. This
      indicates the existence of an alternative pathway via diffuse antrofundal
      atrophic gastritis for the development of atrophic gastritis limited to the body
      area. The occurrence of parietal cell antibodies was on the whole a poor
      indicator of the progression of atrophic gastritis. However, the development of
      the end-stage (severe) atrophic gastritis was significantly associated with their
      presence. Atrophic changes of the body mucosa were not found in 1983-1984 in any
      cases of duodenal ulcer disease, whereas in patients with gastric polyps atrophic
      gastritis affecting only the body was, as a rule, present. No case of gastric
      carcinoma was detected during the last follow-up examination.

PMID- 4023615
TI  - Short-chain fatty acids in the small-bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome.
AB  - The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been measured by gas chromatography in
      fasting jejunal secretions, saliva, and feces from 8 patients with the small
      bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome (BO) and 9 control patients; in jejunal
      secretions and saliva from 6 healthy subjects; and in feces from 20 healthy
      subjects. The concentrations of SCFAs (median (range), mumol/l) in jejunal
      secretions of BO patients were as follows: total, 990 (210-12,370); acetic acid,
      650 (170-6770); propionic acid, 110 (16-3070); isobutyric acid, 26 (1-310); n
      butyric acid, 90 (12-1340); isovaleric acid, 35 (2-680); n-valeric acid, 7 (3
      200). In BO patients the total concentration of SCFAs in jejunal secretions was
      approximately four times higher than in control patients (p less than 0.01) and
      in healthy subjects (p less than 0.025). The relative distribution of the acids
      resembled the distribution found in feces more than that of saliva or the normal
      jejunal secretions. These findings indicate that patients with BO have a colon
      like flora in the small intestine and that the main part of the SCFAs in the
      jejunal secretions of these patients is produced by the altered microbial flora
      in the jejunum. Combined with other tests, analyses of intestinal SCFAs may prove
      to be valuable in the diagnosis of small-bowel bacterial overgrowth.

PMID- 4023616
TI  - Absorption of food cobalamins assessed by the double-isotope method in healthy
      volunteers and in patients with chronic diarrhoea.
AB  - To make a food preparation containing radioactively labelled cobalamins, rabbits
      were given repeated injections with 57Co-labelled cyanocobalamin. The liver was
      removed, homogenized, and fried for 1 min or boiled for 30 min. Of the
      radioactivity in the fried homogenate 41.7% was recovered in the centrifuged
      supernatant compared with 50.8% in the boiled homogenate. The radioactivity in
      the supernatants had a molecular size close to that of free 57Co-labelled
      cyanocobalamin. Forty-two per cent of the radioactivity in the whole homogenate
      had been incorporated into 5-deoxyadenosyl-, 10% into methyl-, and 16.5% into
      hydroxy-cobalamin. To assess the validity of a double-isotope method for
      measuring the intestinal absorption of doses of the 57Co-labelled liver
      cobalamins, 51CrCl3 was used as a non-absorbable marker. In 14 healthy volunteers
      the correlation coefficient between the absorption measured by the double-isotope
      technique and the faecal excretion test was highly significant (r = 0.96, p less
      than 0.005), and there was only a small variation in the 57Co/51Cr ratio in
      successive stool collections. In 11 patients with chronic diarrhoea there was a
      significant correlation between the absorption measured by the double-isotope
      technique and the faecal excretion test (r = 0.92, p less than 0.005), but in
      some patients there was considerable variation in the 57Co/51Cr ratio in
      successive stool collections.

PMID- 4023617
TI  - On the mode of action of the pentagastrin test in the carcinoid syndrome.
AB  - Provocation with pentagastrin (PG) (0.6 micrograms/kg intravenously) causes a
      release of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT] in excess of the metabolizing
      capacity associated with carcinoid symptoms and a moderate fall in systemic
      arterial blood pressure in patients with midgut carcinoids and hepatic
      metastases. In this study PG also caused a release of 5-HT into portal
      circulation of anesthetized cats with stable peripheral levels of 5-HT in whole
      blood, indicating an effective hepatic metabolization. A similar response was
      obtained in the same animal when the PG test was repeated after 3 h. PG
      provocation was also performed in animals before and after adrenalectomy.
      Adrenalectomy seems to prevent the PG-induced release of 5-HT into portal
      circulation, indicating involvement of an adrenal mechanism. PG does not induce 5
      HT release from cell suspensions of midgut carcinoid tumors, but such release was
      induced by incubation with adrenoceptor agonists. These findings indicate the
      presence of adrenoceptors on carcinoid tumor cells. The mode of action of the PG
      test may therefore be activation of such adrenoceptors by catecholamines,
      released from the adrenal medulla at the fall of arterial blood pressure at PG
      provocation.

PMID- 4023618
TI  - Hyperplasia or neoplasia. Macroscopic versus microscopic appearance of colorectal
      polyps.
AB  - Small light-red sessile colorectal polyps, 1-5 mm in diameter, are generally
      believed to be hyperplastic (non-neoplastic), whereas polyps that are dark-red in
      contrast to the surrounding mucosa are thought to be adenomas. This hypothesis
      was tested prospectively in a series of 209 polyps removed by one endoscopist in
      a 6-month period. A 'blinded' pathologist provided the histopathological
      diagnosis. Twenty-two per cent of polyps described as hyperplastic by the
      endoscopist were adenomas, whereas 40% of those believed to be adenomas, 1-5 mm
      in diameter, were hyperplastic. The diagnostic effectivity of the endoscopist
      increased with increasing size of the polyps. In conclusion, all colorectal
      polyps must be removed to prevent possible precancerous lesions from being left
      behind and to define a group of patients with increased risk of new adenomas, in
      whom follow-up examinations should be considered.

PMID- 4023619
TI  - Crohn's disease. A long-term study of the clinical course in 186 patients.
AB  - A series of 186 patients treated for Crohn's disease during the period 1956 to
      1968 has been followed up in 1970, 1975, and now in 1983. Among 173 patients
      operated on there were 89 recurrences (52%). After a follow-up time greater than
      14 years (mean, 18 years) 'radical' resections at the first operation gave a
      lower recurrence rate (31%), fewer reoperations, and a better quality of life
      compared with non-'radical' resections (recurrence rate, 83%). The quality of
      life estimated for all patients alive in 1983, 152 patients, was good in 89%;
      8.6% had moderate subjective symptoms, and 2.6% had pronounced subjective
      symptoms. With an increasing follow-up time there was no decrease in the
      patients' quality of life. Ileorectal anastomosis did not give very good results;
      proctocolectomy and ileostomy, however, gave good results. Regular investigation
      of all patients is of vital importance to give them a good quality of life.

PMID- 4023620
TI  - Evaluation of the marker technique for measurement of exocrine pancreatic
      secretion rate.
AB  - A secretin-cholecystokinin test was performed in 103 patients, representing both
      normal and reduced exocrine pancreatic function. The duodenum was intubated with
      a triple-lumen tube. The gastric and duodenal contents were aspirated separately
      and sampled in 10-min periods. An inert, water-soluble marker (58Co-vitamin B12
      dissolved in isotonic saline) was infused at a constant rate into the duodenum.
      Exocrine pancreatic secretion was stimulated by continuous intravenous infusion
      of secretin for 60 min and a combination of secretin and cholecystokinin for
      another 60 min. The total recovery of the infused marker was 80%. The
      concentration of marker in the aspirate did not vary significantly between
      consecutive 10-min periods during the last 20 min of the secretin stimulation
      period or during the last 50 min of the combined secretin-cholecystokinin
      stimulation period, indicating a steady secretion rate into the duodenum. By
      means of the marker concentrations in the aspirate, the duodenal volumes were
      calculated and found to vary significantly less than the aspirated volumes. This
      finding demonstrates that the duodenal volume calculated from the recovery of an
      inert marker is a closer estimate of the true volume than that obtained by the
      usual aspiration technique without a volume indicator.

PMID- 4023621
TI  - Perception of life event stress in patients with chronic duodenal ulcer. A
      comparison of the rating of life events by duodenal ulcer patients and community
      controls.
AB  - Stress is often claimed by doctors and patients to be an aetiological factor in
      peptic ulcer disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether
      ulcer patients perceive that they would react more strongly than normal to life
      event stress. Seventy-three patients with duodenal ulcer and their sex- and age
      matched controls rated 81 events for the amount of distress and life change they
      considered the events would cause them personally. With regard to individual
      events, only one difference emerged: female patients rated promotion at work
      significantly lower for distress than did controls, when event experience was
      taken into account. There was a systematic tendency for ratings of male patients
      to be lower than those of controls. These observations suggest that duodenal
      ulcer patients do not perceive that their reaction to life events would be in
      excess of normal.

PMID- 4023623
TI  - Effect of bile fistulae on vitamin B12 absorption in rats.
AB  - To study the effect of bile on the absorption of vitamin B12, choledochocolic
      fistulae were made in 26 rats, and 14 rats were sham-operated. Vitamin B12
      absorption 9 days after the operation was significantly reduced in the fistula
      operated group (median, 36.4%; range, 8.3-61.4%) as compared with the sham
      operated group (median, 48.5; range, 35.8-75.2). Bile instilled together with
      vitamin B12 did not increase the absorption. In a second 'short-term' experiment
      external bile fistulae were made in 20 rats, and 10 rats were sham-operated.
      Vitamin B12 absorption was measured 14 h after the operation, and in this
      experiment no reduction was found in the fistula-operated rats. This suggests
      that bile in the lumen of the small intestine has no direct effect on vitamin B12
      absorption, but absence of bile during several days may alter other factors of
      importance for the absorption.

PMID- 4023622
TI  - Gastric emptying of liquid before and after gastroplasty for morbid obesity.
AB  - Gastric emptying of a liquid meal was investigated with a radionuclide method
      before and 1 week and 3 and 12 months after gastroplasty operation for morbid
      obesity. Gastroplasty results in a small proximal pouch with a narrow stoma to
      the remaining stomach. The total gastric emptying was delayed 3 months after
      gastroplasty (p less than 0.01). Twelve months after gastroplasty, emptying of
      the proximal pouch was faster than at 3 months (p less than 0.01). This may
      indicate dilatation of the stoma between the two gastric pouches during this
      period. Surprisingly, the total gastric emptying 12 months after gastroplasty was
      not only faster than at 3 months but also faster than before surgery. The
      explanation, therefore, cannot only be attributed to a dilated stoma, and
      hormonal mechanisms may be involved. A lack of correlation between preoperative
      weight and emptying was observed, but because the material consists of only obese
      subjects, no conclusion can be drawn about the postulated role of gastric
      emptying in developing obesity. Emptying of the total stomach and of the proximal
      pouch failed to correlate with postoperative weight losses. The weight loss after
      gastroplasty evidently bears little, if any, relation to the postoperative
      changes in gastric emptying of liquids.

PMID- 4023624
TI  - Upper gastrointestinal and mental symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome.
AB  - Gastrointestinal and mental symptoms were assessed in 101 outpatients with the
      irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A normal female population was used for
      comparison of mental symptoms. By definition all patients had abdominal pains
      and/or change of bowel habits (constipation or diarrhoea, or both) but no
      demonstrable organic disease. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms without peptic
      ulcer disease were reported by 87% of the patients. Mental symptoms were reported
      by almost all patients. Symptoms of anxiety, fatiguability, hostile feelings,
      sadness, and sleep disturbances were seen significantly more often among IBS
      women than in the controls. We conclude that patients with IBS frequently have
      upper gastrointestinal and mental symptoms that should be taken into account in
      the therapeutic management and evaluation of new modes of treatment.

PMID- 4023625
TI  - The size of human parietal cells before and 7 days after vagotomy.
AB  - Gastric biopsies from nine patients were studied before proximal gastric vagotomy
      (PGV) and 7 days after the operation. The average size of the individual parietal
      cell and its nucleus were calculated by point-counting stereology. The volume of
      the nucleus was not significantly altered postoperatively. The median volume of
      the whole cell was reduced from 4976 micron 3 before vagotomy to 3981 micron 3
      after the operation (p less than 0.05). The reduction of the cell volume is
      sufficient to explain our previous finding that parietal cells constitute a
      smaller fraction of the mucosal volume 1 week after PGV.

PMID- 4023626
TI  - Stimulated protein kinase activity during acute pancreatitis in rats. Possible
      mediation by proteolysis, lipolysis, and bile salts.
AB  - The rate of protein phosphorylation, as catalyzed by the protein kinase enzymes,
      was measured in the pancreas of rats with acute experimental pancreatitis. Two
      different methods were used to induce pancreatitis in rats: retrograde injection
      of deoxycholate (DOC) into the pancreatic duct, or daily intravenous
      administration of DL-ethionine. Basal protein kinase activity was elevated in
      rats with acute experimental pancreatitis. This increase in activity was not
      dependent on free Ca2+ and did not result from elevated cAMP levels. To assess
      the possible role of digestive enzymes in protein kinase activation, tissue
      extracts from healthy controls were subjected to mild treatment with digestive
      enzymes and DOC. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, phospholipase A, and DOC produced protein
      kinase activation of a similar magnitude as found in diseased tissue. Results
      indicate that stimulated protein kinase activity in tissue of animals with acute
      pancreatitis may arise from the action of digestive enzymes.

PMID- 4023627
TI  - Diagnostic value of gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with uncharacteristic
      abdominal disorders.
AB  - Endoscopic examinations were performed in 50 patients admitted for
      uncharacteristic abdominal disorders. Despite previous hospitalizations for the
      same complaints, no certain diagnosis had been established. Endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography and colonoscopy were performed systematically, whereas
      gastroscopy was performed only on special indications. Of the 18 patients in whom
      a primary organic disease was diagnosed, duodenoscopy was of importance in 1
      (duodenal cancer), colonoscopy in 3, and gastroscopy in 8 patients. In addition,
      colonoscopy verified the psychosomatic diagnosis in a patient with melanosis. In
      the rest of the material cannulation of the pancreatic duct (n = 36) or bile duct
      (n = 33), colonoscopy (n = 42), or gastroscopy (n = 21) did not show signs
      relevant to the patients' symptoms. Several of these signs, such as polyps or
      gallstones, together with the importance of negative examinations in the
      diagnosis of many patients, add to the value of endoscopic procedures in patients
      with uncharacteristic abdominal disturbances.

PMID- 4023628
TI  - Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in a defined population in
      Sweden.
AB  - The incidence and prevalence of antimitochondrial antibody-positive primary
      biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has been studied within a defined area in Sweden served
      by one hospital. During the period 1976-1983 the yearly incidence of PBC was
      1.4/10(5) inhabitants, and on 31 December 1983 the prevalence was 12.8/10(5)
      inhabitants. The prevalence is the highest reported so far. At the time of
      diagnosis half of the patients were clinically asymptomatic. Two of the patients
      also had celiac disease with osteomalacia responding to a gluten-free diet.
      Gallstone disease occurred in 30% of the patients. Four patients died--two of
      liver-related complications, one of colonic carcinoma, and one of staphylococcal
      septicemia and endocarditis. One further patient, who is still alive, developed
      hypernephroma. Our results indicate that PBC is a fairly benign disease in most
      patients, with a slow progress during which they lead a fairly normal life.

PMID- 4023629
TI  - Effect of cyclosporin A on human neutrophil and monocyte function.
AB  - The effect of various concentrations of cyclosporin A (CyA), ranging from below
      peak blood levels to 20 times higher than blood levels of human peripheral blood
      polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes, was examined. CyA was found to bind
      to neutrophils with Kd values in the range of 20-50 nM. CyA at clinically
      obtainable blood level concentrations had no effect on neutrophil and monocyte
      chemotaxis, neutrophil oxidative burst, monocyte phagocytosis, or neutrophil
      bactericidal activity. The data on the release of lactoferrin, a secondary
      granule substance, from activated neutrophils showed that the calcium ionophore A
      23187-induced lactoferrin release was inhibited by treatment of cells with 4
      microM CyA, whereas release of lactoferrin from zymosan- or phorbol myristate
      acetate-activated neutrophils was not affected by the same concentration of CyA.
      This effect could either be due to differences in the degree of cell membrane
      perturbation by the various activators or to calcium dependence of neutrophil
      activation. A third possibility may be that CyA acts at some subsequent steps in
      the release process of neutrophils. It is concluded that CyA does not interfere
      with important functions of human phagocytes, the cells that play a major role in
      the defence against invading microorganisms.

PMID- 4023630
TI  - In vivo activation of mouse macrophages with beta-1,3-D-glucan-derivatized
      plastic beads.
AB  - Macrophages obtained from animals treated with beta-1,3-D-glucan-derivatized
      plastic beads were greatly stimulated, as judged by morphology, esterase release,
      and cytostatic effect on L-929 tumour cells in vitro. The pretreatment of mice
      with such beads conferred an apparent absolute local resistance to an otherwise
      lethal pneumococcal infection but had no effect on the growth of intraperitoneal
      AA ascites sarcoma. Moreover, peritoneal cells from animals pretreated with
      glucan beads did not protect the animals in a Winn assay.

PMID- 4023631
TI  - Naturally cytotoxic tonsillar leukocytes: phenotypic characterization of the
      effector population.
AB  - Human palatine tonsil sections were examined to investigate the distribution of
      cells bearing the cell surface markers of peripheral blood natural killer (PB-NK)
      cells. Leu-7+ (HNK-1+) cells were localized predominantly in lymphoid follicles,
      whereas OKM1-, Mac-1-, and Mo2-labelled cells were found in the epithelial and
      subepithelial regions and epithelial crypts. OKT10+ cells showed a variable
      distribution, being found in follicles and interfollicular or subepithelial
      regions. No. B73.1+ cells could be identified in tonsil sections. Leu-7+ cells
      appeared not to be responsible for tonsillar natural cytotoxicity, since Leu-7
      (HNK-1) antibody- and complement-mediated lysis under conditions that markedly
      reduced PB-NK activity failed to abolish cytotoxicity, and positive selection by
      means of the FACS IV gave no enrichment of activity. Similarly, cells labelled
      with the antibodies B73.1, Leu-11b, OKT8, OKT10, and TDR 31.1 (anti-major
      histocompatibility complex class II framework determinant) were not enriched with
      regard to NK activity either. However, positive selection with OKM1, Mac-1, or
      Mo2 showed that cells bearing these markers were responsible for essentially all
      tonsillar NK activity. No large granular lymphocytes were identified in such
      populations enriched for NK activity. The observation that PB-NK cells labelled
      faintly with Mo2 weakens the argument that a non-adherent mononuclear phagocyte
      population was responsible for the activity. These data therefore support the
      existence of heterogeneity within naturally cytotoxic cell populations.

PMID- 4023632
TI  - Passage of undegraded dietary antigen into the blood of healthy adults.
      Quantification, estimation of size distribution, and relation of uptake to levels
      of specific antibodies.
AB  - The absorption into the blood of ovalbumin (OA) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was
      investigated in eight healthy adults. Enzyme immunoassays showed up to 10.5 ng
      OA/ml serum in seven out of eight individuals 2-3 h after a test meal, whereas no
      BLG was demonstrated. The apparent size distribution of the absorbed OA was
      investigated by high-pressure liquid gel permeation chromatography fractionation,
      followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which in the fractionated sera
      showed OA in all eight individuals. OA was found at the elution volume of intact
      OA and, in addition, was present in high molecular weight fractions, as part of
      the immune complexes. The serum concentrations of OA could not be clearly
      correlated to levels of serum and secretory anti-OA antibodies. No significant
      alterations of the levels of circulating immune complexes could be demonstrated
      by two antigen-nonspecific assays. The presented data indicate that, for certain
      dietary proteins, low-grade absorption of apparently undegraded protein into the
      blood occurs regularly in healthy adults.

PMID- 4023633
TI  - Cathepsin B activity in human blood monocytes during differentiation in vitro.
AB  - The activity of cathepsin B was assayed in human blood monocytes during
      differentiation into macrophages in vitro. Freshly isolated monocytes showed
      negligible cathepsin B activity. On day 3 in culture the enzyme activity was
      still very low, but it was markedly increased on day 7, concomitant with the
      monocytes' morphological differentiation into tissue macrophage-like cells. A
      further rise in enzyme activity was seen on day 10 in culture. Acid phosphatase
      activity showed similar, but less marked, increases in human monocytes during 10
      days' culture. Generally, higher enzyme levels were seen in monocytes isolated
      from buffy coat preparations than from whole blood. Both the level and the rate
      of appearance of cathepsin B activity were further enhanced by endocytosis of
      carrageenan in the monocytes. Stimulation with endotoxin from Escherichia coli
      caused variable enzyme responses, as certain pools of human cells expressed
      cathepsin B activity compared with controls, whereas others showed no change in
      activity. Endocytosis of carrageenan had no effect on acid phosphatase activity,
      whereas stimulation with endotoxin led to increased levels of this enzyme
      activity in all cultures. The present data suggest that a rise in cathepsin B
      activity may be a component in the differentiation of human monocytes into
      macrophages. They further indicate separate regulation of lysosomal enzyme
      activity in human monocytes after some types of stimulation, as previously shown
      for mouse macrophages.

PMID- 4023634
TI  - Difference in prevalence of hepatitis B markers in children born either in Sweden
      or in Turkey of Assyrian immigrants.
AB  - Sera from 95 children below 20 years of age born to Assyrian immigrants were
      tested for markers for hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV markers were found in 26% of
      the study population. However, no markers were demonstrated in children born in
      Sweden. Of the 62 children born in Turkey or the Middle East 39% had HBV markers
      and 4 (6.5%) had HBsAg. Three of the 4 HBsAg+ children had anti-HBe and 1 HBeAg.
      These results suggest that the transmission of HB in Assyrians may be mainly
      horizontal rather than vertical. Children of Assyrian immigrants born in Sweden
      do not seem to constitute a risk group for transmission of HB, whereas those born
      in Turkey or the Middle East constitute the same risk as reported in a general
      population of Turks.

PMID- 4023635
TI  - Unfavourable prognostic factors in Staphylococcus aureus septicemia and
      endocarditis.
AB  - Factors predictive of a fatal outcome were retrospectively studied in 248
      patients admitted with Staphylococcus aureus septicemia during 1965-1982, 78 of
      whom had endocarditis. 77 patients were intravenous drug addicts and 47 of them
      had endocarditis. 48 patients (19.4%) died. The fatality rate in addicts and non
      addicts from septicemia was 0% and 17.9% and from endocarditis 8.5% and 61.3%,
      respectively. After analyzing clinical and laboratory data available early in the
      course of the disease 4 risk factors were found both in septicemia and
      endocarditis: age greater than or equal to 60 yr, pre-existing cardiovascular
      disease, prior hospitalization within 30 days of onset of illness, and
      neurological symptoms and/or signs. In addition, in endocarditis a platelet count
      before therapy less than 100 X 10(9)/l and left-sided involvement were
      unfavourable prognostic factors.

PMID- 4023636
TI  - Neonatal pneumonia caused by Branhamella catarrhalis.
AB  - A 15-day-old, prematurely born male infant with bronchopneumonia caused by
      Branhamella catarrhalis is reported. One case of ophthalmia neonatorum was the
      only report found of B. catarrhalis infections in neonates when the literature
      was reviewed.

PMID- 4023637
TI  - Acute pancreatitis possibly caused by Legionella micdadei.
AB  - A case of acute haemorrhagic, ultimately fatal, pancreatitis in a 72-year-old man
      is presented. No pneumonia was found. High IgM-titres to Legionella micdadei were
      demonstrated. In addition 11 patients treated for pancreatitis were studied
      retrospectively. None had elevated titres to L. micdadei or L. pneumophila.

PMID- 4023638
TI  - Congenital nasal dermoid cysts and fistulas.
AB  - Eleven patients who underwent surgical excision of nasal dermoid cysts or
      fistulas are reported. The patients are discussed according to the aetiology, sex
      distribution, location on the nose, and possible inheritance. Our surgical
      results are satisfactory with only one case which required reoperation. We found
      that late diagnosed cysts had a higher frequency of deep involvement and
      therefore required more extensive surgery.

PMID- 4023639
TI  - Anatomical studies on the geometry and stability of the distal radio ulnar joint.
AB  - In fresh-frozen amputated- and cadaver arm specimens the anatomy and stability of
      the distal radio ulnar joint were investigated. The articulating surface of the
      sigmoid notch of the radius and the corresponding surface of the ulnar head
      facing the sigmoid notch were studied in transverse cryo sections. In each
      specimen the radius of the curvature of the sigmoid notch was 4-7 mm larger than
      that of the ulnar head and consequently pronation and supination are combined
      rotation-sliding movement in the distal radio ulnar joint. The radio ulnar
      ligament consists of a dorsal and a volar fibrous part, broadly attached to the
      distal rim of the sigmoid notch and converging towards the fovea of the ulnar
      head. The cartilaginous disc is centrally located between these fibrous strands.
      In neutral position the articulating surface of the sigmoid notch is optimally
      covering the articulating surface of the ulnar head. This contact area is
      gradually diminished during pronation-supination until only a marginal contact
      remains at the end of each movement. The distal radius is kept stable in
      pronation by the volar part and in supination by the dorsal part of the radio
      ulnar ligament.

PMID- 4023640
TI  - The distal radio ulnar joint. The influence of geometry and ligament on simulated
      Colles' fracture. An experimental study.
AB  - In five fresh frozen arm specimens Colles' fracture was simulated by a dorsal
      wedge osteotomy of the distal radius. A spring load was applied to the cortex of
      the distal radius fragment exerting a constant traction force in proximal
      direction. The distal radius fragment showed minimal dorsal angulation as the
      forearm was positioned in neutral or pronation, assuming the distal radio ulnar
      joint including its radio ulnar ligament was kept intact. As the forearm was
      moved into supination the distal fragment angulated dorsally to close the dorsal
      open gap in spite of the ligament being intact. When the radio ulnar ligament was
      detached the stability was however lost in any forearm position. The result
      supports the concept of immobilizing a satisfactorily reduced Colles' fracture in
      neutral position, possibly in slight pronation but never in supination.

PMID- 4023641
TI  - Experience with the latissimus dorsi flap.
AB  - A review of 65 applications of the latissimus dorsi flap based on the thoraco
      dorsal vessels to recipient sites in the head and neck area (10), on the torso
      (22), in the upper extremity (9) and in the lower extremity (24) in 62 patients
      with malignancies (28) and congenital deformities (6) is presented. Thirty-five
      flaps were transplanted with microsurgical vascular technique, while 30 flaps
      were pedicled. Vascular thrombosis at the anastomotic site was seen in 4/35 free
      tissue transplants and was successfully managed in 3 cases with an overall
      survival rate of 97% in this group, while all pedicled flaps survived. Healing
      complications including haematomas and wound infections were related to the
      nature of the recipient site and most commonly seen in the lower leg after
      resection of infected bone. In 3 cases leg amputations were performed within 6
      months after the reconstruction, while 6 patients had secondary operations for
      tibial pseudoarthroses. Donor site morbidity was insignificant, without
      permanent, functional losses. It is concluded, that the thoracodorsal unit is a
      versatile and safe flap for reconstructive purposes.

PMID- 4023642
TI  - Late patency of clinical microvascular anastomoses to free composite tissue
      transplants. I. Angiographical aspects.
AB  - In a series of sixty-five free composite tissue transplantations by means of
      microsurgical techniques, 37 transplantations were performed to recipient sites
      in the lower extremity in 34 patients. Twenty-eight of these patients with 31
      composite transplants were examined by femoral arteriography to assess the
      patency of 33 arterial anastomotic lines 6-45 months, median 12 months,
      postoperatively. Angiography showed patency in 32 of 33 arterial anastomotic
      lines, one arteriography being inconclusive. The results suggest that
      microsurgical techniques in small vessel anastomosis (ext. diam, 3/4-3 1/2 mm)
      are essential prerequisites for long-term vascular patency.

PMID- 4023643
TI  - Late patency of clinical microvascular anastomoses to free composite tissue
      transplants. II. Hemodynamical aspects.
AB  - In a series of 37 free composite tissue transplantations performed to the lower
      extremity in 34 patients, skin islands were included in 35 cases, as a cutaneous
      island flap (3), as a musculocutaneous island flap (19), and as an osteocutaneous
      island flap (13). In a follow-up study which included 26 patients with 29 flaps 6
      48 months postoperatively an estimate was made of the importance of the blood
      supply through the vascular pedicle relative to the collateral blood supply
      through the recipient bed. Using transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements a
      significant reduction in calculated relative skin blood flow averaging 70% (p
      much less than 0.01) was seen after digital occlusion of the vascular stalk,
      suggesting that patent microvascular anastomoses are important for the
      vascularity of the transplanted tissues, not only for immediate postoperative
      survival, but also on the longer view.

PMID- 4023644
TI  - Bacteria in the female breast.
AB  - Subclinical infection may play a role in capsular formation around silicone
      breast implants. To assess the possibility of antibiotic prophylaxis for
      prevention of capsular formation, knowledge of bacteria present in the female
      breast tissue and the resistance pattern of these bacteria is needed. Samples
      were taken from 25 patients (49 breasts) peroperatively during reduction
      mammaplasty with an impression pad method. The samples were placed in agar plates
      and incubated both aerobically and anaerobically. In more than 90% of the samples
      bacteria were found. The species of bacteria found were mainly Staphylococcus
      epidermidis and propionibacteria. These bacteria were sensitive to penicillin G
      and/or isoxapenicillin. It remains to be shown that prophylactic antibiotic
      treatment will decrease capsular formation following augmentation mammaplasty.

PMID- 4023645
TI  - Renal stones--current viewpoints on etiology and management.

PMID- 4023646
TI  - Nonobstructive detrusor myopathy in a group of patients with chronic abacterial
      cystitis.
AB  - Chronic abacterial cystitis is clinically and pathoanatomically an ill-defined
      condition, presenting with a variety of urologic symptoms and often nonspecific
      histology. A retrospective histologic analysis of bladder biopsies from 101
      patients with chronic abacterial cystitis revealed degenerative changes in the
      detrusor muscle cells (detrusor myopathy) in 25 of them. The changes were often
      very severe, and even fatty replacement of muscle tissue was seen. Retrospective
      analysis of the symptoms, urodynamics and cystoscopic findings in these patients
      showed that none had haematuria, but five (all women) had had urinary retention
      requiring catheterization. Significant residual urine was found in nine patients,
      and the cystometrograms showed a shift to the right. No patient had infravesical
      obstruction. At cystoscopy less than half of the patients had petechial bleeding
      after bladder distension. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the degenerative
      changes are unknown, despite theoretic speculation. The authors conclude that
      careful histologic examination can identify different clinical types of chronic
      abacterial cystitis. Such studies may assist future research into the nature of
      the problem and also the search for more rational therapy.

PMID- 4023647
TI  - Subcutaneous heparin in the treatment of interstitial cystitis.
AB  - Chronic interstitial cystitis (IC) is an inflammatory condition of the bladder of
      unknown aetiology. Clinically, IC is difficult to handle. Previously, we reported
      that administration of subcutaneous heparin has an immediate, ameliorating
      effect. We have now followed eight of the patients for one year or more, during
      which period they received subcutaneous heparin in doses varying from 5000 IU per
      day to 5000 IU 2-3 times a week. This treatment was found to have a long-term
      beneficial effect. No side effects were observed.

PMID- 4023648
TI  - Variations in upper urinary tract outflow resistance. The effect of high and low
      obstruction of ureter.
AB  - The upper urinary tract of the pig was subjected to acute standardized
      obstructions, size 10-F, 8-F and 6-F, in both the proximal and the distal part of
      the ureter. Each obstruction was followed by measurements of the renal pelvic
      pressure-flow relationship between 0 and 20 ml/ureter/min. The study showed that
      the mean baseline pressure in the renal pelvis changed due to the obstruction
      with an increase related to the degree of obstruction. When the flow was
      increased a pressure-flow relationship in essence similar to the normal pressure
      flow relationship was revealed. Thus phase 1, which is the pressure-flow
      relationship at low flow rate with urine flowing into a relaxed ureter, was
      practically eliminated and phase 2 was shifted to the left. The linear pressure
      flow relationship in phase 3 was preserved but there was tendency for higher
      increments with increasing degree of obstruction. Even in cases of severe
      obstruction both baseline measurements and perfusion pressure measurements showed
      results well within the normal accepted limits of renal pelvic pressure. It was
      furthermore shown that the overlap was smallest at the low flow rates between 0
      and 2 ml/ureter/min. All degrees of distal obstruction had a lower pressure at
      flow rates below 10 ml/ureter/min than proximal obstruction, a pressure
      difference which could be attributed to the peristaltic activity of the
      ureter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4023649
TI  - Human umbilical vein for vascular access in chronic hemodialysis.
AB  - Since 1979 we have used human umbilical vein graft as the ultimate vascular
      access for hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure. In 24 patients 33
      graft fistulas were performed. Several complications were encountered. Among
      these infection was the most serious, occurring in seven grafts. All these grafts
      were removed and never used for hemodialysis. Thrombosis occurred 25 times, and
      five grafts were lost because of this, whereas 20 grafts had successful
      thrombectomy and continued to function. Aneurysm formation occurred four times,
      two grafts were lost. Stenosis was seen in three cases, one graft was lost. In
      the material 26 grafts were used for hemodialysis and a median function time of
      8.5 months was obtained. At the end of the observation period 10 grafts were
      open, eight were used for hemodialysis, two were not used because of successful
      transplantation. The umbilical vein graft is an acceptable alternative as
      vascular access where conventional methods of fistula formation have been
      exhausted.

PMID- 4023650
TI  - Secondary hyperparathyroidism in diabetic and nondiabetic patients on long-term
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
AB  - Serum values of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatases and parathyroid hormone
      (PTH) are reported for 24 diabetic and 26 nondiabetic patients treated with
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for a total of 779 months,
      without the use of vitamin D or calcium supplements. Radiographic data are
      reported for 25 patients followed on CAPD for at least 12 months. Serum calcium
      was well maintained and control of hyperphosphataemia acceptable, but phosphate
      binding therapy had to be continued in the majority of patients. Diabetic
      patients had lower serum phosphate levels and higher serum calcium than
      nondiabetic patients during the first year of CAPD. In nondiabetic patients the
      institution of CAPD was followed by a fall in PTH, possibly largely reflecting
      transperitoneal PTH elimination. No patient achieved normalization of serum PTH
      on CAPD. Although no symptomatic bone disease was observed, radiographic evidence
      of progressive hyperparathyroid bone disease developed in 3 of the 25 examined
      patients, all nondiabetic. In summary, long-term CAPD with a dialysate calcium
      concentration of 1.75 mmol/l seems to be compatible with normocalcaemia and a
      steady-state situation with regard to secondary hyperparathyroidism in the
      majority of patients. Despite transperitoneal elimination, serum PTH remains
      elevated, and definite progression of hyperparathyroidism is observed in some
      patients, however, probably making a case for vitamin D therapy and/or
      intraperitoneal or peroral calcium supplementation in these patients.

PMID- 4023651
TI  - One-way obstruction during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with
      Tenckhoff catheter. Management by a simple operation.
AB  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is an important method of
      maintenance therapy for chronic uraemic patients. Dislodgement of the dialysis
      catheter and the consequent one-way obstruction is a serious complication that
      may indicate removal of the catheter altogether. We report here on a simple
      operation by which we have avoided catheter removal and thus interruption of
      CAPD.

PMID- 4023653
TI  - Transsphincteric-transrectal repair of posttraumatic urethrorectal fistula. Case
      report.
AB  - The York Mason transsphincteric-transrectal approach for closing postoperative
      rectoprostatic fistulas was used in a case of posttraumatic urethrorectal fistula
      32 years after original trauma. This is the first report of the application of
      this method to urethral trauma complicated by urethrorectal fistula.

PMID- 4023652
TI  - Direct inhibitory effects of natural and synthetic oestrogens on testosterone
      release from human testicular tissue in vitro.
AB  - Human testicular slices were incubated in vitro in order to examine the direct
      effects of natural and synthetic oestrogens on testosterone secretion. In the
      presence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (10 IU per ml), oestradiol-17 beta (1
      or 10 micrograms per ml) and ethinyl oestradiol (0.1, 1 or 10 micrograms per ml)
      inhibited testosterone release into the media in a dose dependent manner. The
      addition of estramustine phosphate, estromustine, diethylstilboestrol or
      diethylstilboestrol diphosphate in comparable concentrations produced no
      significant effects on testosterone release.

PMID- 4023654
TI  - Spontaneous scrotal emphysema--a cause of scrotal swelling.
AB  - Scrotal emphysema developed in a 24-year-old man without any sign of infection
      and without any trauma involved. The condition gradually improved over a few days
      and at follow-up one week later he was back to his normal state. No clue to the
      cause was found and it is therefore justifiable to claim that the patient has a
      'spontaneous scrotal emphysema'.

PMID- 4023655
TI  - [Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the environment I. Trichloroethylene,
      perchloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene].

PMID- 4023656
TI  - Perceptgenetic defenses against anxiety and a threatened sense of self as seen in
      terms of the Spiral Aftereffect Technique.

PMID- 4023657
TI  - The effect of stimulus preexposure upon the context effect in taste-aversion
      learning in noradrenaline-depleted rats.

PMID- 4023658
TI  - Neuropsychological cognitive performance of patients with type-2 diabetes.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess the cognitive skills and visuo-motor
      performances of patients with type-2 diabetes. An ADL questionnaire,
      neurophysiological EEG recordings and a comprehensive battery of
      neuropsychological tests were administered to 33 type-2 diabetics and to 33
      matched controls. Neither neuropsychological nor neurophysiological EEG findings
      differentiated type-2 diabetics as a group from their controls.

PMID- 4023659
TI  - Isokinetic plantar flexion endurance. Reliability and validity of
      output/excitation measurements.
AB  - The reliability and validity of isokinetic measurement of plantar flexion
      endurance has been studied by a method previously described by us which utilizes
      simultaneous measurements of mechanical contractional work (CW) and integrated
      electromyogram (iEMG). The reliability was gauged by test/re-test with a two
      year's interval; while validity was assessed by myoelectric power spectrum
      analyses. The output/input balance (CW/iEMG) remained unchanged for the group as
      well as inter-individually. Changes in myoelectric power spectrum as function of
      number of contractions were clearly indicative of fatigue. Under the present
      conditions fatigue of fast twitch motor units may explain the rapid decreases in
      output and excitation followed by nearly steady state levels of all registered
      parameters. As is the case for non-fatigued isokinetic plantar flexions, the
      motor unit recruitment order appears quite stereotyped during plantar flexion
      fatigue. The findings of significantly lower mean power spectrum during the first
      part of each contraction than during the second part may support the size
      principle described by Henneman.

PMID- 4023660
TI  - Muscular activity during ergometer cycling.
AB  - The aim of the study was to quantify the activity as recorded by electromyography
      during ergometer cycling in eleven different muscles of the lower extremity.
      Eleven healthy subjects rode in twelve different ways at different work-load,
      pedalling rate, saddle height and pedal foot position. Vastus medialis and
      lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis and the soleus muscle were the
      most activated muscles. Changes in muscle activity during different calibrations
      were studied in eight of the eleven muscles. An increase in work-load
      significantly increased the mean maximum activity in all the eight muscles
      investigated. An increase of the pedalling rate increased the activity in the
      gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, vastus medialis, medial hamstring, gastrocnemius
      medialis and soleus muscles. An increase of the saddle height increased the
      muscle activity in the gluteus medius, medial hamstring and gastrocnemius
      medialis muscles. Use of a posterior pedal foot position increased the activity
      in the gluteus medius and rectus femoris muscles, and decreased the activity in
      the soleus muscle.

PMID- 4023661
TI  - Patellar forces during knee extension.
AB  - A radiographical study of 20 loaded knees of healthy subjects and a knee
      dissection study of 20 specimens were performed in order to present a two
      dimensional patello-femoral joint biomechanical model. A constant knee-extending
      moment gave 25-40% lower force magnitudes in the patellar tendon than in the
      quadriceps tendon if the knee was flexed to 60-120 deg. The magnitude of the
      patello-femoral joint compressive force reached its maximum at 90 deg knee angle
      and decreased slightly towards 120 deg. A compressive force between quadriceps
      tendon and femoral intercondylar groove was present above 60 deg knee angle and
      its magnitude was estimated. The patellar forces in women were about 20% higher
      than in men. The biomechanical model may be used in knee rehabilitation
      activities to optimize and individualize exercise programmes. The model may also
      be applied to daily activities in order to quantify patellar forces.

PMID- 4023662
TI  - Acquiring and maintaining self-care skills after stroke. The predictive value of
      apraxia.
AB  - The degree of self-care in 120 patients who had suffered unilateral
      cerebrovascular accident (CVA) was assessed at different stages of recovery. The
      level of ADL (activities of daily living) function was determined on admission
      and discharge. Patients with right-sided hemiplegia (r. hem.) were given a set of
      apraxia tests on admission to the hospital. The results of ADL evaluation showed
      improved ADL function between admission and discharge, but a worsening after
      returning home. There were some significant relationships between ADL function in
      hospital and apraxia. All the apraxia variables are significant as predictors of
      subsequent dependency. The results show the seriousness of problems related to
      apraxia in rehabilitation of stroke patients with a lesion in the left
      hemisphere. One conclusion is that the treatment procedure ought to be directed
      to the various symptoms of apraxia. The effect of apraxia on ADL in the domestic
      situation has to be given more attention. More treatment should be given in the
      home, as patients seem to have difficulty in transferring the skills learned in
      hospital to the home situation and in maintaining them.

PMID- 4023663
TI  - The local skin blood flow in areas at risk for pressure sores treated with
      massage.
AB  - In order to evaluate methods to prevent pressure sores the effect of massage on
      the local skin blood flow was studied in normal skin and in skin with
      discolouration (red or reddish blue). In this study massage is defined as small
      circular movements with the fingertips using liniment. The cutaneous blood flow
      was measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter. To study the long term effect of
      massage on normal skin ten patients were measured over a twenty day period with
      five days before and after a ten day period with massage. Twenty-nine patients
      with cerebral haemorrhage were measured for two days each to examine the effect
      immediately after the massage on normal skin. Fifteen patients with
      discolouration were measured for one day each both on normal skin and injured
      skin. The difference in blood flow before and after the ten day period of massage
      was inconsistent and insignificant. The effect of massage which appeared one to
      two minutes after the stimulus was implemented varies between individuals and
      within individuals; significantly more women than men increased their skin blood
      flow bilaterally after massage. In the centre of the injured skin the basal blood
      flow was higher than in normal skin and it decreased after the massage was
      implemented. The results stress the importance of continued research to provide
      an opportunity for individualization in the selection of methods to prevent and
      treat pressure sores.

PMID- 4023664
TI  - Impact of a health education program and other factors on stopping smoking after
      heart attack.
AB  - A prospective follow-up study was carried out to investigate the impact of a
      health education program and other factors related to patient's social background
      and severity of heart attack on stopping smoking after heart attack. The study
      consisted of male patients below the age of 65 years, who had suffered a heart
      attack between April 1 and September 30, 1977, living in two provinces of eastern
      Finland, North Karelia and Kuopio. Of the patients who smoked before the heart
      attack, 102 responded to both the 6- and the 12-month follow-up postal survey. Of
      these 102 patients, 25 stopped smoking within 12 months after the heart attack,
      while 77 continued to smoke. Continuing smoking was most strongly associated with
      working and unemployment before heart attack, maximum serum aspartate
      aminotransferase (GOT) concentration and subjective recovery after the heart
      attack. The quitting rate among men in the program area was 1.2-fold (p = 0.012)
      compared with the reference area men, after making allowance for the seven most
      confounding factors in the multivariate analysis. This observation indicates that
      either the community-based primary program or the secondary prevention program in
      North Karelia succeeded in dissuading patients from smoking after heart attack.

PMID- 4023666
TI  - Future challenges to health services.

PMID- 4023665
TI  - Health status and social conditions of the elderly in remote districts. Results
      of a screening programme.
AB  - In 1978 a cohort of 1040 individuals aged 65 years or over was screened by public
      health nurses in Kuusamo. The screening produced basic data about health status
      and social conditions for an intervention of active medical care of the elderly
      by means of a mobile unit in rural districts. The response rate of the screening
      was 90%. 72% of the men and 35% of the women lived with their spouse; 6% of the
      men and 20% of the women lived alone. Poor health was assessed least commonly
      (36%) by those living alone, and most commonly by women living with their spouse
      (51%), even though 87% of them were under 75 years old. A visit to a physician
      during the past 12 months was more common among younger subjects. 15% of the men
      and 18% of the women had slightly restricted mobility. Men living alone had
      better mobility than women living alone.

PMID- 4023667
TI  - Life-threatening torture without visible marks.

PMID- 4023668
TI  - Psychological and physical long-term effects of torture. A follow-up examination
      of 22 Greek persons exposed to torture 1967-1974.
AB  - After an observation period of about 10 years a follow-up examination was made of
      22 Greeks earlier exposed to torture. All had physical symptoms and about 90% of
      the examinees had chronic psychological symptoms which had appeared after the
      torture experience, the most notable of which were emotional instability,
      depression, passivity, fatigue and disturbed sleep. Eight of the victims had a
      chronic organic psychosyndrome as defined by us. The clinical picture of the
      torture victims is very similar to other stress-conditioned syndromes, which
      underlines the significance of the psychological trauma for the pathogenesis.
      Certain physical symptoms can be related to specific forms of torture; in this
      series particularly, symptoms of the feet and lower extremities can be related to
      'falanga' (repeated blows to the soles of the feet). The most noticeable
      objective finding was unilateral atrophy of testis in 2 of the examinees caused
      in all probability by genital torture. Treatment of the sequelae to torture
      should be initiated as early as possible in the course of the illness, and
      studies on the effect of this treatment should be carried out.

PMID- 4023669
TI  - Lower limb fractures and registration for alcoholism.
AB  - During two consecutive years 607 individuals with lower limb fractures were
      diagnosed. Half of the individuals, 315, were women and only 14 of them had an
      earlier registration for alcoholism. In the 292 men, however, 73 men or 25%, had
      been registered at the Department of Alcohol Diseases at least once during the 13
      years of observation, the highest registration frequency (30%) was noted in the
      malleolar fractures in men. In males, 30-50 years of age, there were 37 per cent
      who had a registration for alcoholism, the highest registration (44%) was noted
      for fracture of the tibial diaphysis. Males with fracture of the proximal end of
      the femur between 16-80 years of age were registered for alcoholism in 23%.

PMID- 4023670
TI  - [Chronic pulmonary hypertension of vascular origin, plexogenic pulmonary
      arteriopathy and the appetite depressant aminorex: addenda to an epidemic].
AB  - An epidemic of chronic pulmonary hypertension occurred in Austria, the Federal
      Republic of Germany, and Switzerland, starting in 1967, peaking in 1968/69, and
      disappearing after 1972. The mechanism leading to pulmonary hypertension was
      precapillary vascular obstruction due to plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy. There
      was a close geographic and temporal relationship between the epidemic and the
      marketing and intake of the appetite-depressing drug aminorex fumarate (Menocil).
      The epidemic was limited to the three above countries where aminorex had been on
      sale. In the individual patient the symptoms, usually dyspnea, angina pectoris
      and syncope on exertion, used to follow the beginning of the drug in-take after
      one year. A similar phase shift could be observed between marketing of the
      anoretic and the incidence of patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension of
      vascular origin. The new disease is compared with known forms of pulmonary
      vascular obstruction. It cannot be distinguished from classical primary pulmonary
      hypertension or from recurrent silent pulmonary thromboembolism on either
      clinical or functional grounds; it has plexogenic pulmonary arteriography in
      common with the former. The prognosis, however, is different: survival is
      considerably longer in patients with aminorex-associated pulmonary hypertension,
      and a marked decrease in the pulmonary vascular obstruction after 10 years is no
      exception. Considering the closeness of the various associations between the
      event (i.e. the epidemic) and its suspected cause (the anoretic aminorex) from
      the viewpoint of epidemiological, pharmacological, morphological and prognostic
      findings and considerations, there is little doubt that aminorex, besides other
      partly known and partly unknown factors, can in fact favour or cause the
      development of plexogenic pulmonary arteriography and pulmonary
      hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4023671
TI  - [Decompression sickness of the spinal cord. Results of early and of late
      treatment].
AB  - The treatment of 20 scuba divers with decompression sickness of the spinal cord
      between 1969 and 1984 is reported. Seven patients presented with mild sensomotor
      impairments, 13 patients were paraplegic and some suffered from additional
      impairments to the arms. In 12 of the divers the accident that occurred in a
      Swiss lake and recompression was initiated with a latency of a few hours. These
      early treatments were successful in 11 patients. The neurologic symptoms already
      improved during recompression even in the 7 patients who were paraplegic. In a
      paraplegic woman early treatment failed, but her condition improved under
      subsequent hyperbaric oxygen treatment. In 9 patients late treatment after an
      interval of 48 to 192 hours, consisting of repeated hyperbaric oxygen exposures,
      was performed. 3 patients with mild neurologic disturbances improved completely.
      6 patients were paraplegic. In 5 of these early treatment was without success. On
      3 occasions, however, early treatment was not started before 15 to 24 hours after
      the dive. All 6 paraplegic patients improved considerably during late treatment.
      8 of the 9 patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen treatment had been transported
      by air with slightly reduced cabin pressure from the foreign country to Zurich.
      No deterioration of neurologic symptoms was observed during air transport.

PMID- 4023672
TI  - [Stomach rupture while diving].
AB  - A case of stomach rupture in a 47-year-old scuba diver is reported. Symptoms of
      gastrointestinal expansion during ascent are quite common and are caused by
      decompression of swallowed air. Gastric perforation is however rare, and needs to
      be promptly recognized and surgically repaired.

PMID- 4023673
TI  - [Prolactin producing hypophyseal adenoma: diagnosis and therapeutic
      possibilities].
AB  - The introduction of radioimmunoassay for prolactin concentrated interest in
      infertility research on prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas (prolactinomas).
      In women in the fertile age group these tumors cause amenorrhea and galactorrhea,
      and in men loss of libido, impotence and occasionally gynecomastia.
      Microprolactinomas (diameter 10 mm and less) and macroprolactinomas (diameter
      more than 10 mm) differ in growth characteristics, symptomatology and prognosis.
      Different therapeutic approaches may be used. Both bromocriptine treatment and
      selective microsurgical tumor extirpation are successful. Both have advantages
      and disadvantages, thus rendering the decision as to appropriate treatment
      increasingly difficult. Recent findings demonstrate that bromocriptine may cause
      irreversible tumor fibrosis, which decreases the chances of prolactin
      normalization by subsequent surgery.

PMID- 4023675
TI  - [Pre-exposure rabies vaccination using a new duck embryo vaccine].
AB  - An economical, highly purified and concentrated duck embryo rabies vaccine (PDEV)
      was investigated in relation to pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis. The vaccine was
      injected subcutaneously according to the then prescribed scheme for human diploid
      cell rabies vaccines (HDCV). Additionally, a third dose was given on day 120.
      Serum anti-rabies antibody levels were determined on days 0, 56, 120, und 170. On
      day 56 all volunteers showed an anti-rabies antibody level of at least 1.0 IU/ml,
      indicating that PDEV is sufficiently immunogenic to allow its use according to
      the pre-exposure schedules for HDCV. Some rather low titers noted on day 120
      indicate that an early booster dose or a third primary immunization dose is
      justified, as recently recommended by the WHO.

PMID- 4023674
TI  - [Correlation between endoscopy and histology of 48 cases of superficial stomach
      cancer].
AB  - The relationship between different endoscopic (gross appearance, diameter,
      localization, morphological type according to the Japanese Endoscopic Society)
      and histological parameters (type of cancer according to Lauren, tumor
      infiltration, association with metaplastic chronic gastritis) were analyzed
      retrospectively in 48 patients operated on for early gastric cancer. Endoscopy
      and histology provided a preoperative diagnosis of malignancy in 89.6% of the
      cases. With endoscopy alone the results were 23% malignancy, 44% suspicious and
      33 benign. The antrum was the preferential site and type III the most frequent
      form. 62% of early gastric cancers were of the intestinal type and the average
      age of the patients was higher than for the diffuse type. Metaplastic chronic
      gastritis was associated in 67% of the intestinal type and in 21.5% of the
      infiltrating type. The degree of tumor infiltration was related to the diameter
      of the lesion, irrespective of the histological type. Since a malignant or
      suspicious lesion was diagnosed in only 67% by endoscopy alone, it is imperative
      to perform several biopsies of all gastric lesions, including even the smallest:
      11 cancers of type III and IIc in this series had a diameter inferior to 1 cm and
      had been classified endoscopically as benign.

PMID- 4023676
TI  - [Poisoning by domestic vipers (Vipera berus and Vipera aspis). A retrospective
      study of 113 patients].
AB  - In a retrospective study, 113 bites which occurred in Switzerland within a 16
      year period by either of the two indigenous adders (Vipera berus and Vipera
      aspis) were analyzed. 13 patients showed no signs of envenomation. Out of the
      other 100, 62 patients had merely minor (local edema only) and 24 moderate
      envenomation (vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, hypotension), while 24 had severe
      envenomation (shock and angioneurotic edema of the tongue and lips). No
      fatalities were recorded. In residents of the endemic area the bites occurred
      accidentally in 86% of the cases, while tourists were bitten after manipulating
      the snake in 42%. Specific antivenin was given to 49 of 95 hospitalized patients.
      In cases of severe envenomation (n = 14) a reduction of the median duration of
      hospitalization from 10 days in patients without antivenin therapy (n = 4) to 5
      days in patients with antivenin therapy (n = 10) was obtained. In cases of
      moderate (n = 21) or minor envenomation (n = 49), antivenin therapy did not
      influence the hospital stay of 4 and 2 days respectively. In the 11 patients with
      bites not followed by envenomation the antivenin treatment increased the duration
      of hospitalization from 1 day (in 6 patients without antivenin) to 2 days (in 5
      patients with antivenin). Side effects of the antivenin treatment, such as
      urticaria, angioneurotic edema, respiratory distress, fever and lymphadenopathy
      were noted in 4 out of 49 patients.

PMID- 4023677
TI  - [Sticks and diagnostic strips in urine diagnosis].

PMID- 4023678
TI  - [Multidisciplinary study of the prolonged treatment of involution osteoporosis
      using sodium fluoride with calcium, phosphate and vitamin D].
AB  - A multidisciplinary study on the prolonged treatment of involution osteoporosis
      with fluoride was performed on a homogeneous population of 31 women aged 51 to 75
      years (mean 64 years). The selection criteria were the following: significant
      backache, vertebral compression fractures on X-rays, bone biopsy evidence of
      osteoporosis, and absence of other risk factors after a complete workup. The
      patients were treated for a period of 3 to 6 years (mean 4 years) with daily
      doses of 30 mg (10 mg 3 times) fluorides ion associated during the last 3 years
      with 500 mg calcium twice daily, 750 mg phosphate and 1000 units vitamin D daily.
      The study demonstrated a favourable effect of the treatment on the backache and
      that it was well tolerated in the majority of cases, the side effects being
      intermittent osteo-articular pains of the lower extremities due to the fluoride
      in 9 patients, and gastric intolerance to the phosphate in 7. X-ray follow-up
      showed slowing of the vertebral compressions after the first year of treatment,
      but no effect on fractures of the extremities. There was no evidence of
      alterations in parameters of mineral and bone metabolism, and in endocrine,
      hepatic, renal or hematological assays. Histomorphometric and biophysical
      examination of biopsies indicated that, although there was no significant
      increase in the quantity of mineralized bone under the treatment, there was a
      very significant improvement in the crystallinity of the mineral substance, thus
      enhancing the quality of the bone tissue and its resistance to pressure. This
      study is the first in which a catamnesis of the patients was undertaken, 28 of
      them having received a clinical and radiological examination 2 years after the
      end of therapy: a favourable evolution was observed in most of the cases, both in
      those patients treated for a period of 3 years and in those whose treatment had
      lasted for a longer period.

PMID- 4023679
TI  - [The significance of distal obstructions and stenoses of the vertebral artery].
AB  - 3 patients with intracranial infarctions as consequence of obstructive lesions of
      the distal vertebral artery are presented. The first patient, with a unilateral
      occlusion of the distal intracranial portion of the vertebral artery and
      contralateral high grade stenosis at the same site, suffered bilateral cerebellar
      infarctions. Predominantly occipital infarction occurred in the second patient,
      with unilateral occlusion of the vertebral artery, the infarction being probably
      caused by embolization from the distal stump. In the third patient traumatic
      injury of the vertebral artery at the C1/C2 level was followed by embolic
      occipital lobe infarction. The discussion covers pathogenetic significance of
      hemodynamic and thromboembolic factors for cerebellar and occipital infarctions
      and the possible therapeutic options.

PMID- 4023680
TI  - [Transcutaneous bilirubin determination: correlation in white premature infants
      weighing less than 1500 gm].
AB  - The transcutaneous bilirubinometer (TcB) was evaluated in 24 preterm infants of
      less than 34 weeks gestation and weight less than 1500 g. A close correlation
      between the TcB index and serum bilirubin values was obtained with 50
      measurements at sternum (R = 0.858, p less than 0.001). From these resultant
      ratios it is concluded that the TcB-meter is a valuable tool in screening healthy
      preterm infants less than 34 weeks gestation for hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 4023681
TI  - [Medical problems in refugees from Sri Lanka (Tamil)].

PMID- 4023682
TI  - [Game animals in the current cultural environment].

PMID- 4023683
TI  - [A case of accidental arsenic poisoning in cattle with special reference to the
      evaluation of histopathological lesions].

PMID- 4023684
TI  - [Clinicochemical parameters in the Camargue horse].

PMID- 4023685
TI  - [Helminthic pneumonia in fattening swine].

PMID- 4023686
TI  - [Cardiovascular study of the horse: relation between vascular and tissue changes
      in the myocardium. 3].

PMID- 4023687
TI  - [Colitis X in the horse: 9 cases].

PMID- 4023689
TI  - [Intestinal polyps in small ruminants with chronic coccidiosis].

PMID- 4023688
TI  - [Acute pullorum disease in hawk-headed parrots (Deroptyus accipitrinus
      fuscifrons)].

PMID- 4023690
TI  - [The uncertainty of "accuracy". On the reliability of a variably employed
      concept].
AB  - A diagnostic "striking accuracy" causes more inaccuracy than accuracy. Undefined
      terms like this are nearly worthless because they are used differently in the
      literature and cannot be compared. To compare the results of diagnostic studies
      scientifically it is necessary to use defined terms.

PMID- 4023691
TI  - [Chronic cor pulmonale from the echocardiographic viewpoint].
AB  - The morphologic changes of the right heart occurring in chronic cor pulmonale can
      be detected by means of twodimensional echocardiography. Chronic cor pulmonale
      can be classified according to semiquantitative echocardiographic criteria using
      a subcostal window: Stage I: enddiastolic free right ventricular anterior wall
      greater than 5 mm, the right heart smaller than the left, vena cava inferior less
      than 10 mm/m2 body surface area, inspiratory collapse greater than or equal to
      50%. Stage II: enddiastolic free right ventricular anterior wall greater than 5
      mm, the right ventricle in comparison with the left eccentrically enlarged, vena
      cava inferior like Stage I. Stage III: free right ventricular anterior wall
      cannot be measured, the right heart in comparison with the left markedly
      enlarged, vena cava inferior greater than 10 mm/m2 body surface area, inspiratory
      collapse less than 50%.

PMID- 4023692
TI  - A study of dynamic development in radiolesion and cell death of eukaryotes after
      exposure to ionizing radiation--the visualization of the dynamic reaction by
      means of cytochemical method with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a nuclear marker
      and radiation-induced nuclear anomalization by an ultramicrostructural
      manifestation: a dynamic explanation.
AB  - The present work deals with the radiation effect on adult rats suffering from
      acute, whole-body irradiation with cobalt-60 gamma rays of dosages 100R and 300R
      respectively. The morphological alteration of the lymphocytic nucleus and
      exhibition of cytochemical reaction of LDH in intra- or extra-nuclear region has
      been observed at the end of predetermined time intervals after irradiation. A
      close relationship between the percentage of damage of the lymphocytic nucleus
      and that of positivity of LDH reaction is seen from their variations with time
      parallel. From technical color microphotographs which exhibit cytochemical
      reactions, the existence of enzyme LDH in the nucleus so far obscure has been
      visually recognized. The events happening in enzymic reaction and the leakage of
      enzyme across the nuclear envelope reflect the dynamic nature. The
      ultrastructural alteration of nuclear anomalization confirms the dynamic
      development of inducing radiolesion. The experimental facts inspire us to attempt
      an explanation of cellular radiolesion and cell death owing to ionization
      radiation in light of the dynamic concept.

PMID- 4023693
TI  - Triplicated alpha-globin gene loci in a Chinese family.
AB  - Utilizing restriction endonuclease mapping and blot hybridization, we have
      determined the arrangement of the alpha-globin genes in a Chinese family. The
      father and mother had no obvious alpha-thalassemia symptoms, but their twin
      daughters suffered from HbH disease. The gene analysis showed that the mother had
      three alpha-globin genes in one chromosome and no alpha-globin gene in the other
      (alpha alpha alpha/--), the father was a heterozygote of alpha-thal2 (alpha
      alpha/-alpha). Their twin daughters were double heterozygotes of alpha-thall and
      the rightward deletion genotype alpha-tha12 (--/-alpha).

PMID- 4023694
TI  - Levels of heavy metals in the tidal Elbe and its estuary and the heavy metal
      input into the sea.
AB  - Surface water samples were collected during missions in 1977, 1978, 1980 and 1983
      at different sampling stations along the tidal Elbe, from river km 632 downstream
      from Hamburg to the outer end of the estuary. Special care was taken to minimize
      contamination during sampling, handling and analysis. Within the tidal Elbe five
      distinct zones of substantial anthropogenic heavy metal pollution inputs can be
      detected. An attempt is made to define anthropogenic background levels, which are
      extremely low for the dissolved trace metals Cd and Pb; 35 and 65 ng/kg,
      respectively. The level of dissolved Cu is 2200 ng/kg. Total baseline levels of
      Cd, Pb and Cu are, respectively, 120, 2500 and 4200 ng/kg. In the five river
      zones affected by anthropogenic trace metal inputs, distinctly larger maximum
      levels can occur. They decrease to the background values after mixing with the
      main water body. More elevated levels caused by re-suspension in the mixing zone
      with maximum turbidity can be assumed. Nickel and Co data are from one mission
      only. The order of magnitude of the trace metal input from the Elbe into the sea
      is evaluated.

PMID- 4023695
TI  - Man's mercury loading from a dental amalgam.
AB  - The release of mercury from an amalgam surface in natural saliva during cyclic
      loading, as well as under static conditions, simulating the clinical conditions
      of chewing and rest, has been studied using a nuclear tracer technique. Cyclic
      loading strongly promoted degradation of the amalgam surface in the saliva
      environment. Corrosion products were found to be loosely bound on the amalgam
      surface and could be removed by brushing similar to toothbrushing. Most of the
      mercury released from the surface was present in amalgam particles, produced
      during the cyclic loading procedure. The daily release of ionic mercury was
      estimated to be approximately 3 micrograms/cm2, according to the model
      experiment. Extrapolating the present findings to clinical conditions, man's
      ionic mercury intake from dental restorations may be at the same level as the
      total mercury intake from food and drink.

PMID- 4023696
TI  - Lead in playground dust and on the hands of schoolchildren.
AB  - Measurements of the quantity of lead on the hands of schoolchildren and of the
      concentration of lead in dust from school playgrounds have been carried out; the
      hand-lead was collected by wiping with a moist tissue. When hand-lead and dust
      lead values were averaged for each school, a statistically significant
      relationship between the two sets of means was obtained. Some limited
      measurements of size distribution of the dust particles on the children's wipes
      were also made; these indicated that most of the particles were less than 10
      micron in diameter.

PMID- 4023697
TI  - The development and application of empirical models for the high SO2
      concentration in urban areas.
AB  - The development of empirical models to describe extreme values of SO2
      concentration directly from data collected over a 10-year period is described. A
      graphical method for the rapid calculation of high and maximum SO2 concentrations
      from the arithmetic mean of the concentrations recorded during the sampling
      period is reported. Applications of the resulting empirical models to the control
      of air quality and the planning and reduction of SO2 source emissions are
      illustrated. These applications are currently being developed by the Air Quality
      Control Authority of the Milan Area.

PMID- 4023698
TI  - The structure of arthropod hemocyanins.
AB  - Hemocyanins are large multi-subunit copper proteins that transport oxygen in many
      arthropods and molluscs. Comparison of the amino acid sequence data for seven
      different subunits of arthropod hemocyanins from crustaceans and chelicerates
      shows many highly conserved residues and extensive regions of near identity. This
      correspondence can be matched closely with the three domain structure established
      by x-ray crystallography for spiny lobster hemocyanin. The degree of identity is
      particularly striking in the second domain of the subunit that contains the six
      histidines which ligate the two oxygen-binding copper atoms. The polypeptide
      architecture of spiny lobster hemocyanin appears to be the same in all
      arthropods. This structure must therefore be at least as old as the estimated
      time of divergence of crustaceans and chelicerates, about 540 to 600 million
      years ago.

PMID- 4023699
TI  - Is the war on cancer being won?

PMID- 4023700
TI  - Seal lungs collapse during free diving: evidence from arterial nitrogen tensions.
AB  - Arterial blood nitrogen tensions of free-diving Weddell seals (Leptonychotes
      weddelli) were measured by attaching a microprocessor-controlled blood pump and
      drawing samples at depth to determine how these marine mammals dive to great
      depths and ascend rapidly without developing decompression sickness. Forty-seven
      samples of arterial blood were obtained from four Weddell seals during free dives
      lasting up to 23 minutes to depths of 230 meters beneath the sea ice of McMurdo
      Sound, Antarctica. Peak arterial blood nitrogen tensions of between 2000 and 2500
      millimeters of mercury were recorded at depths of 40 to 80 meters during descent,
      indicating that the seal's lung collapses by 25 to 50 meters. Then arterial blood
      nitrogen tensions slowly decreased to about 1500 millimeters of mercury at the
      surface. In a single dive, alveolar collapse and redistribution of blood nitrogen
      allow the seal to avoid nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness.

PMID- 4023702
TI  - Johns Hopkins drops MCAT requirement.

PMID- 4023701
TI  - The structure of a T = 1 icosahedral empty particle from southern bean mosaic
      virus.
AB  - The structure of a T = 1 icosahedral particle (where T is the triangulation
      number), assembled from southern bean mosaic virus coat protein fragments that
      lacked the amino-terminal arm, was solved by means of model building procedures
      with the use of 6-angstrom resolution x-ray diffraction data. The icosahedral
      five-, three-, and twofold contacts were found to be similar, at this resolution,
      to the analogous contacts (icosahedral five-, quasi-three-, and quasi-twofolds)
      found in the parent T = 3 southern bean mosaic virus. However, the icosahedral
      fivefold contacts of the T = 3 structure are the most conserved in the T = 1
      capsid. These results are consistent with a mechanism in which pentameric caps of
      dimers are the building blocks for the assembly of T = 1 and T = 3 icosahedral
      viruses.

PMID- 4023703
TI  - Debate over colon cancer screening.

PMID- 4023704
TI  - Picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman studies of hemoglobin: implications for
      reactivity.
AB  - Picosecond time-resolved Raman spectra of hemoglobin generated with blue pulses
      (20 to 30 picoseconds) that were resonant with the Soret band and of sufficient
      intensity to completely photodissociate the starting liganded sample are
      reported. For both R- and T-state liganded hemoglobins, the peak frequencies in
      the spectrum of the deoxy transient were the same at approximately 25 picoseconds
      as those observed at 10 nanoseconds subsequent to photodissociation. In
      particular, the large R-T differences in the frequency of the stretching mode for
      the iron-proximal histidine bond (VFe-His) detected in previously reported
      nanosecond-resolved spectra were also evident in the picosecond-resolved spectra.
      The implications of this finding with respect to the distribution of strain
      energy in the liganded protein and the origin of the time course for geminate
      recombination are discussed. On the basis of these results, a microscopic model
      is proposed in which delocalization of strain energy is strongly coupled to the
      coordinate of the iron. The model is used to explain the origin of the R-T
      differences in the rates of ligand dissociation.

PMID- 4023705
TI  - The brain connection: the corpus callosum is larger in left-handers.
AB  - The size of the midsagittal area of the human corpus callosum obtained from
      postmortem measurement varied with tested hand preference. The corpus callosum,
      the main fiber tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, was larger by about
      0.75 square centimeter, or 11 percent, in left-handed and ambidextrous people
      than in those with consistent right-hand preference. The difference was present
      in both the anterior and posterior halves, but not in the region of the splenium
      itself. This callosal morphology, which varied with hand preference, may also be
      related to individual differences in the pattern of hemispheric functional
      specialization. The greater bihemispheric representation of cognitive functions
      in left- and mixed-handers may be associated with greater anatomical connection
      between the hemispheres. The naturally occurring regressive events in
      neurogenesis, such as neuronal cell death and axonal elimination, may be factors
      in the individual differences in brain morphology and in functional
      lateralization. Specifically, right-handers may be those with more extensive
      early elimination of neural components.

PMID- 4023706
TI  - Androgens prevent normally occurring cell death in a sexually dimorphic spinal
      nucleus.
AB  - The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) contains many more motoneurons in
      adult male rats than in females. Androgens establish this sex difference during a
      critical perinatal period, which coincides with normally occurring cell death in
      the SNB region. Sex differences in SNB motoneuron number arise primarily because
      motoneuron loss is greater in females than in males during the early postnatal
      period. Perinatal androgen treatment in females attenuates cell death in the SNB
      region, reducing motoneuron loss to levels typical of males. The results suggest
      that steroid hormones determine sex differences in neuron number by regulating
      normally occurring cell death and that the timing of this cell death may
      therefore define critical periods for steroid effects on neuron number.

PMID- 4023707
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of yellow fever virus: implications for flavivirus gene
      expression and evolution.
AB  - The sequence of the entire RNA genome of the type flavivirus, yellow fever virus,
      has been obtained. Inspection of this sequence reveals a single long open reading
      frame of 10,233 nucleotides, which could encode a polypeptide of 3411 amino
      acids. The structural proteins are found within the amino-terminal 780 residues
      of this polyprotein; the remainder of the open reading frame consists of
      nonstructural viral polypeptides. This genome organization implies that mature
      viral proteins are produced by posttranslational cleavage of a polyprotein
      precursor and has implications for flavivirus RNA replication and for the
      evolutionary relation of this virus family to other RNA viruses.

PMID- 4023709
TI  - The neglected disease in medical education.

PMID- 4023708
TI  - Food dyes fuel debate over Delaney.

PMID- 4023710
TI  - Antibody-directed urokinase: a specific fibrinolytic agent.
AB  - A specific fibrinolytic agent was synthesized by covalently coupling urokinase to
      a monoclonal antibody that was fibrin-specific and did not cross-react with
      fibrinogen. The antibody was raised against a synthetic peptide representing the
      seven amino-terminal residues of the beta chain of human fibrin. The urokinase
      antifibrin conjugate retained the original binding specificity of the antibody
      and showed 100-fold increased fibrinolysis in vitro when compared to unmodified
      urokinase. The presence of human fibrinogen at plasma concentration did not
      influence these properties.

PMID- 4023711
TI  - Noninvasive study of high-energy phosphate metabolism in human heart by depth
      resolved 31P NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra showing the relative
      concentrations of high-energy phosphate metabolites have been recorded
      noninvasively from the human heart in vivo. Spectral data were spatially
      localized by combining a pulsed magnetic field gradient with surface NMR
      excitation-detection coils. The location of the selected spectral region was
      determined by conventional proton NMR imaging immediately before examination by
      phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy.

PMID- 4023712
TI  - Diversity of circumsporozoite antigen genes from two strains of the malarial
      parasite Plasmodium knowlesi.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the circumsporozoite
      antigen gene (CS gene) of the Nuri strain of the malarial parasite Plasmodium
      knowlesi is presented. The gene from the Nuri strain exhibits a novel form of
      sequence diversity when compared to the CS gene from the H strain. Instead of the
      12 tandem repeating 36-base pair units of the H strain, the Nuri strain contains
      16 tandem repeating 27-base pair units of a different nucleotide sequence that
      encodes a different repeating peptide. In contrast, the 5' and 3' coding and
      noncoding sequences flanking the repeats are 98 percent conserved in both
      strains.

PMID- 4023713
TI  - Selective attention gates visual processing in the extrastriate cortex.
AB  - Single cells were recorded in the visual cortex of monkeys trained to attend to
      stimuli at one location in the visual field and ignore stimuli at another. When
      both locations were within the receptive field of a cell in prestriate area V4 or
      the inferior temporal cortex, the response to the unattended stimulus was
      dramatically reduced. Cells in the striate cortex were unaffected by attention.
      The filtering of irrelevant information from the receptive fields of extrastriate
      neurons may underlie the ability to identify and remember the properties of a
      particular object out of the many that may be represented on the retina.

PMID- 4023714
TI  - Hydrophobicity of amino acid residues in globular proteins.
AB  - During biosynthesis, a globular protein folds into a tight particle with an
      interior core that is shielded from the surrounding solvent. The hydrophobic
      effect is thought to play a key role in mediating this process: nonpolar residues
      expelled from water engender a molecular interior where they can be buried.
      Paradoxically, results of earlier quantitative analyses have suggested that the
      tendency for nonpolar residues to be buried within proteins is weak. However,
      such analyses merely classify residues as either "exposed" or "buried." In the
      experiment reported in this article proteins of known structure were used to
      measure the average area that each residue buries upon folding. This
      characteristic quantity, the average area buried, is correlated with residue
      hydrophobicity.

PMID- 4023715
TI  - Morphological novelty in the limb skeleton accompanies miniaturization in
      salamanders.
AB  - Salamanders of the genus Thorius (Plethodontidae) are among the smallest
      tetrapods. Hypotheses of limb skeletal evolution in these vertebrates were
      evaluated on the basis of estimates of natural variation, comparisons of skeletal
      homology, and analysis of molecular phylogeny. Nine carpal arrangements occur in
      Thorius, more than in all twelve related genera of typically larger salamanders;
      six of these arrangements are unique. They represent a trend toward a decrease in
      the number of separate cartilages that is independent of locomotor and ecological
      specialization. Miniaturization may be an important source of morphological
      novelty, distinct from local adaptation, in vertebrates.

PMID- 4023716
TI  - Relation of spectral types to oil droplets in cones of turtle retina.
AB  - The spectral sensitivities and color of oil droplets of cone photoreceptors in
      the retina of the red-eared turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) were investigated
      by intracellular recording and injections of Lucifer yellow dye. Six
      morphological types of cones could be distinguished by the color of the oil
      droplets located in the outermost inner segments. Single cones containing either
      red or pale green oil droplets were sensitive to red light, cones with yellow oil
      droplets to green, and cones with clear oil droplets to blue. Contrary to
      previous reports, both principal and accessory members of double cones were
      sensitive to red, and no diffusion of dye was detected between the two apposed
      members. Thus, the oil droplets provide a reliable morphological basis for
      further investigation of the neuroanatomical networks underlying the processing
      of color information in the vertebrate retina.

PMID- 4023717
TI  - NIH to award 2200 new grants.

PMID- 4023718
TI  - Growth regulation of human melanocytes: mitogenic factors in extracts of
      melanoma, astrocytoma, and fibroblast cell lines.
AB  - Melanocytes derived from fetal or adult skin do not propagate in vitro unless
      cultured in the presence of factors such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
      (TPA). In a search for physiological factors regulating the growth of
      melanocytes, extracts of various cultured cell types were tested. Factors
      produced by melanoma and astrocytoma cell lines support continued proliferation
      of melanocytes in the absence of TPA. WI-38, a fibroblast cell line derived from
      human embryonic lung, was the most active source of melanocyte growth factors. No
      melanocyte growth-promoting activity was found in extracts of cultured
      neuroblastoma, renal cancer, normal keratinocytes, or renal epithelium. Nerve
      growth factor, epidermal growth factor, melanocyte-stimulating hormone,
      transforming growth factor-beta, and platelet-derived growth factor did not have
      growth-promoting activity for melanocytes. The presence of melanocyte growth
      factors and TPA together resulted in the strongest mitogenic activity for
      melanocytes, permitting the recovery (at 20 days) of 4 to 20 times as many cells
      as in growth factor or TPA alone.

PMID- 4023719
TI  - Hallucinogenic amphetamine selectively destroys brain serotonin nerve terminals.
AB  - (+/-)-3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), an amphetamine analog with
      hallucinogenic activity, produced selective long-lasting reductions in the level
      of serotonin, the number of serotonin uptake sites, and the concentration of 5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rat brain. Morphological studies suggested that these
      neurochemical deficits were due to serotonin nerve terminal degeneration. These
      results show that MDA has toxic activity for serotonin neurons in rats and raise
      the question of whether exposure to MDA and related hallucinogenic amphetamines
      can produce serotonin neurotoxicity in the human brain.

PMID- 4023720
TI  - Tissue factor gene localized to human chromosome 1 (1pter----1p21).
AB  - Tissue factor (tissue thromboplastin, coagulation factor III), a protein
      component of cell membranes, is an essential cofactor for factor VII-dependent
      initiation of blood coagulation. Since no tissue factor-deficient condition has
      been described, it is one of only a few proteins of the coagulation system for
      which the pattern of inheritance has not been ascertained. Because of the species
      specificity of tissue factor activity and the availability of a very sensitive
      chromogenic assay, it was possible in the present study to use somatic cell
      hybrids to assign the chromosomal location of the tissue factor structural gene
      (F3) to human chromosome 1 (1pter----1p21).

PMID- 4023721
TI  - Serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin and haptoglobin
      concentration in schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 4023722
TI  - The doctor-patient relationship.

PMID- 4023723
TI  - Medical students' attitudinal change associated with mental hospital experience.

PMID- 4023724
TI  - Effect of lipophilicity on the rate of diffusion of sensitizers into cellular
      targets.

PMID- 4023725
TI  - Renal papillary necrosis: retrospective post-mortem study.

PMID- 4023726
TI  - Colorectal cancer in Singapore: preliminary report of the Colorectal Cancer
      Project from the University Department of Surgery, NUS.

PMID- 4023727
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax occurring in flight.

PMID- 4023728
TI  - Carcinoma of the stomach. A clinical study.

PMID- 4023729
TI  - Chondroblastoma: a clinical and radiological study of 104 cases.
AB  - The clinical and radiographic findings in 104 patients with chondroblastoma are
      presented. Pain was an almost constant presenting complaint, often accompanied in
      the case of para-articular lesions by impaired function of an adjacent joint. The
      majority (80%) were in long bones with a mean age of presentation of 16 years.
      The characteristic radiological image of these lesions was an eccentric
      radiolucency, having a sharply defined sclerotic margin and containing areas of
      calcification in approximately a third of cases. They were always related to a
      growth plate. Nearly half were confined to the affected epiphysis or apophysis
      itself, but most of the remainder had traversed the growth plate to involve also
      the adjacent metaphysis. The bones around the knee and the proximal ends of the
      humerus and femur were the sites of predilection. A minority (20%) affected flat
      bones and short tubular bones of the hand and foot, with a peculiar affinity for
      the calcaneus and talus. The mean age of presentation of these was 28 years. The
      radiological pattern was similar, except for a greater tendency to expand the
      affected bone. Complications included the formation of a secondary aneurysmal
      bone cyst in 16 cases (10 of them in long bones), one malignant chondroblastoma,
      and one fibrosarcoma developing after radiation of the original chondroblastoma.

PMID- 4023730
TI  - Bone changes from prostaglandin therapy.
AB  - Prostaglandin E therapy in infants causes periosteal elevation. Although the
      changes usually take 30-40 days to become visible, we have seen them as early as
      nine days. In 15 infants who had prostaglandin E therapy for over six days, three
      developed periosteal elevation. Three other cases are described in greater
      detail, with long-term follow-up in two in which the bone remodeled to normal.
      Gallium scan in one showed increased uptake in areas involved. The periosteal
      cloaking may mimic Caffey disease but the pattern of involvement is different,
      since the mandible, which is commonly affected in Caffey disease, is rarely
      involved in prostaglandin E therapy.

PMID- 4023731
TI  - Cheirolumbar dysostosis and constitutional narrowness of the cervical spinal
      canal.
AB  - In this paper we describe the second case of cheirolumbar dysostosis associated
      with constitutional narrowness of the cervical spinal canal. This case is the
      32nd case of cheirolumbar dysostosis described in the literature. Cheirolumbar
      dysostosis is not a rare dysostosis and may occur in association with various
      anomalies.

PMID- 4023733
TI  - Case report 319. Sickle cell anemia (homozygosity for hemoglobin S) affecting the
      calvaria.

PMID- 4023732
TI  - Case report 311. Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis (SCCH).

PMID- 4023734
TI  - Case report 320. Localized eosinophilic fibrohistiocytic lesion of bone (tibia)-
      a localized form of mastocytosis.

PMID- 4023735
TI  - Case report 321. Extraosseous chondroblastoma in the subcutaneous tissues of the
      right shoulder.

PMID- 4023736
TI  - Case report 322. Chordoma of the body of C2 in cases 1 and 2.

PMID- 4023737
TI  - Sliding-screw plate fixation of proximal femoral fractures: radiographic
      assessment.
AB  - The sliding compression screw-sideplate combination is currently the most widely
      employed device for internal fixation of stable and unstable intertrochanteric
      fractures of the femur. The normal and abnormal radiographic appearances of this
      device in the immediate post-operative period are discussed. Potential long-term
      complications including mal- or non-union, intra-articular penetration, metal
      failure, rotation of the proximal fracture fragment, disengagement, trochanteric
      bursitis, leg length discrepancy, delayed cervical stress fracture, and ischemic
      necrosis are reviewed.

PMID- 4023738
TI  - "V" shaped predens space.
AB  - "V" shaped widening of the predens space (PDS) in flexion can be a worrisome
      finding in trauma patients, possibly representing injury to the transverse
      ligament. These patients may also show widening of the C-1/C-2 interspinous
      distance. We think this appearance is usually due to increased flexion mobility
      at the atlantoaxial level with developmental elongation or laxity of the cranial
      end of the transverse ligament and/or the posterior ligamentous complex. Tearing
      of only the cranial end of the transverse ligament must be extremely rare, if it
      occurs at all; there is no reported proven case. Tearing of only posterior
      ligaments seems possible and should be evaluated clinically.

PMID- 4023739
TI  - Nutrient canals of the ilium: a normal variant simulating disease on computed
      tomography.
AB  - The nutrient canals of the ilium are a frequent finding on computed tomography
      (CT), and were seen in 8 of 8 consecutive examinations of the pelvis. CT sections
      through these canals could be misinterpreted as fractures or metastases,
      especially if there is a history of pelvic trauma or malignancy elsewhere.

PMID- 4023740
TI  - Anterior process fractures of the calcaneus.
AB  - Fractures of the anterior process of the calcaneus are often missed. This error
      follows from the tendency to focus exclusively on the mortise and malleoli when a
      history of ankle trauma is supplied. Seven patients with this fracture are
      presented. The anatomy, mechanism of injury, clinical presentation, and the
      radiographic features of this injury are discussed.

PMID- 4023741
TI  - Dermatomyositis with calcinosis cutis. Case report 317.

PMID- 4023742
TI  - Periosteal hemangioma of left fibula. Case report 324.

PMID- 4023743
TI  - Benign neurilemmoma in the posterior soft tissues of the right thigh. Case report
      325.

PMID- 4023744
TI  - Lipoma of chest wall. Case report 326.

PMID- 4023745
TI  - Arteriovenous malformation eroding the right femoral neck. Case report 327.

PMID- 4023746
TI  - Isolated cryptococcus osteomyelitis of the humerus simulating a neoplasm of bone
      in a patient with sarcoidosis. Case report 329.

PMID- 4023748
TI  - Early Legg-Perthes disease (ischemic necrosis of the femoral head) demonstrated
      by magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - A case of early Legg-Perthes disease (ischemic necrosis of the femoral head) is
      presented to illustrate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in
      demonstrating the presence of and extent of alterations of intensity of the
      ischemic femoral epiphysis compared with the normal. The unique advantages of
      flexible imaging planes and ability to perform follow-up examinations without the
      hazards of ionizing radiation are stressed.

PMID- 4023747
TI  - Synovial cysts of the hip joint and iliopsoas bursitis: a spectrum of imaging
      abnormalities.
AB  - Synovium-related soft tissue disease around the hip constitutes a spectrum
      ranging from isolated iliopsoas bursitis to pure articular synovial herniations
      without bursal involvement. The clinical, pathologic, and radiographic features
      of these entities are discussed as they pertain to the variety of underlying
      disorders which predispose to their occurrence. Nine case reports are utilized to
      illustrate the variable clinical and radiographic presentations which may be
      encountered. Based upon these cases as well as those in the literature, an
      imaging algorithm has been developed which should eliminate unnecessary studies
      and allow prompt and accurate diagnosis.

PMID- 4023750
TI  - Health risks among enlisted males in the U.S. Navy: race and ethnicity as
      correlates of disease incidence.
AB  - A cross-sectional study of all Black and Caucasian enlisted males in the U.S.
      Navy between 1974 and 1979 was conducted to determine if there were any
      significant racial group differences in disease incidence. First hospitalization
      rates for sixteen ICDA-8 diagnostic categories and selected diagnoses were
      examined and compared on the basis of race, age, year hospitalized, education and
      occupation. Results indicated that total disease incidence among Black males has
      declined in the past decade, with a reduction in total first hospitalizations
      from 1652 per 10,000 men in 1974 to 1088 per 10,000 men in 1979. Total incidence
      rates for Caucasian males in the same period declined from 1347 per 10,000 men to
      1100 per 10,000 men. However, Blacks were found to be at significant risk for:
      mental disorders; diseases of the genitourinary system; diseases of the
      circulatory system; diseases of the digestive system; diseases of the blood and
      blood-forming organs; symptoms and ill-defined conditions; supplementary
      classifications; and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Caucasians had
      significant higher incidence rates for diseases of the skin and subcutaneous
      tissue, and accidents, poisonings and violence. Nevertheless, the study results
      indicated that the populations of Blacks and Caucasians in the Navy are not
      uniform with respect to disease incidence. There exist numerous subgroups within
      either racial group, defined on the basis of certain demographic and social
      characteristics, which are at risk for particular diseases. In addition, the
      relationship between race and disease is mediated by several factors, including
      genetic predisposition, socioeconomic status and cultural patterns of belief and
      behavior. No single factor can account for the excess risk for all diseases among
      all members of either racial group.

PMID- 4023749
TI  - Monarticular involvement of the manubriosternal joint.
AB  - Four females and two males with seronegative monoarthritis of the manubriosternal
      joint are reported. Two patients had pustulosis palmoplantaris, one psoriasis
      vulgaris, and one HLA-B27. The arthritis is considered to be a monoarticular
      manifestation of seronegative spondylarthritis. Two patients had no other
      diseases or signs. Four patients were followed for a mean of 8.5 years (range 2
      16 years) during which time affection of other joints or the spine was not seen.

PMID- 4023752
TI  - The frontier of modern Western medicine in Nepal.
AB  - Using the concepts frontier and interface the introduction and spreading of
      modern Western medicine in Nepal and its relations to other medical systems are
      described and analyzed. Medical systems do not prevail in the same degree in all
      places; we may call the geographic areas of concentration the core areas or
      center(s) of medical systems and the remaining areas their periphery. The
      frontier of a medical system is defined as that part of the periphery where the
      presence of the system is increasing. The place of the frontier, its width and
      the forms in which a medical system appears at its frontier are determined by
      both internal dynamics and contextual factors. In non-socialist countries like
      Nepal the dynamics of modern Western medicine are characterized by three
      tendencies: centralization, expansiveness and a commercial and capitalist
      character. Some important contextual factors which have been shaping the frontier
      in Nepal are: migration, including tourism, labor-migration and trade; the role
      of foreign aid and geographical conditions. The situation at the frontier has an
      important influence on the nature of the interface between modern Western
      medicine and other medical systems. In the article Faith-healing, Ayurvedic
      medicine, Homeopathy and Tibetan medicine are described briefly and the interface
      between them and modern Western medicine is looked into.

PMID- 4023751
TI  - Sources of influence on infant feeding practices in Hong Kong.
AB  - The breastfeeding rate in Hong Kong is low compared to the rates in Western
      countries. To understand the relative importance of different sources of
      influence on infant feeding practices, 714 Chinese mothers with infants aged 4
      weeks to 6 months were studied. It was found that the bottlefeeding mothers were
      influenced more by the medical professionals who did not support breastfeeding.
      This influence was further reinforced by the mass media and particularly
      television advertisements on infant formulae. The successful breastfeeding
      mothers, on the other hand, were influenced more by their social networks through
      which they were told of the dangers of bottlefeeding. The failed breastfeeding
      mothers differed from the other groups in the lack of support they experienced
      from friends and relatives. Although they received professional encouragement to
      breastfeed, they were more sheltered from the influence of mass media and social
      networks. From these findings, it is suggested that different sources of
      influence are related to different feeding practices. However, to be able to
      continue with the practice that one has chosen, the availability of social
      support is essential. Implications of these findings are discussed and several
      recommendations to promote breastfeeding are made.

PMID- 4023753
TI  - Self-touching as an indicator of underlying affect and language processes.
AB  - In this study of 28 physicians and their patients during the medical interview,
      information is presented on a class of nonverbal behavior, self-touching, thought
      to represent states of negative affect. A more recent perspective suggests that
      self-touching is associated with cognitive processing. The results of the present
      study focused on differences in types of self-touching by patients and
      physicians, semantic content of utterances when self-touching was displayed, and
      temporal location of self-touching within the speech stream. These are considered
      with respect to affective and psycholinguistic theories of self-touching. The
      results lend support to the notion that self-touching is exhibited in relation to
      information processing and production, in addition to negative affect.

PMID- 4023754
TI  - Professional identification: a study of female students at a medical college in
      India.
AB  - This paper explores female medical students' identification with their profession
      at a medical college in India by comparing it with that of male students. The
      professional identification is conceptualized as having three elements: career
      commitment, career-satisfaction and professional self-image, each elicited by a
      single question. Compared to males, females were found to perceive medicine as
      more satisfying, and yet they were less sure than males of pursuing a medical
      career throughout their lives. The female students' commitment to their career
      was basically conditional, whereas for the males, it was primarily categorical.
      Additionally, females expressed less professional ambition than males and
      preferred different specialties. The main thrust of this paper is that the
      professional identification of both males and females is qualitatively different.
      The reasons for these differences are sought in sex-role socialization, cultural
      norms and informal social pressures at home and at the college.

PMID- 4023755
TI  - The theory of the hospital: a review of the models.
AB  - This paper presents a survey of the literature on the theory of the hospital. The
      paper shows that certain methodological difficulties associated with the theory
      of the firm generally have been transmitted to the analysis of the hospital. It
      is also argued that structural considerations are of vital importance to the
      development of the theory of the hospital. Unfortunately such considerations
      have, with a few exceptions, been ignored in the small number of formal models of
      the hospital that have been developed. Attention is drawn to the fact that
      concern should be not only with the market structure within which the hospital
      operates, but also with the internal structure of the hospital. The survey is
      developed through the employment of the structure-conduct-performance paradigm,
      utilized by industrial economics, as a general framework.

PMID- 4023756
TI  - Effects of promotion on pharmaceutical demand.
AB  - The research question addressed in this study was, "Do changes in promotional
      expenditure cause changes in the size of the market (primary demand) or market
      share (selective demand)?" Two types of promotion were evaluated; sales calls to
      physicians and medical journal advertising. The sales elasticities of each of
      these promotional techniques were estimated through the use of ARIMA modeling.
      The market expansive effects and the market share effects were measured for each
      of 7 drugs in two therapeutic categories, the benzodiazepines and diuretics. The
      results of the analysis showed that there was no correlation between changes in
      detailing or journal advertising expenditures and primary or selective demand.
      Thus, it was assumed that the primary and selective demand elasticities for
      pharmaceutical advertising may be equal to zero. Drug manufacturers should
      evaluate the effects of reductions in their promotional expenditures, changes in
      promotional content, as well as seek alternative methods of advertising which may
      have a higher sales elasticity and effectiveness.

PMID- 4023757
TI  - Sex differences in the psychological reactions of medical and surgical patients
      to crisis intervention counseling: sauce for the goose may not be sauce for the
      gander.
AB  - The psychological reactions of 259 female and 130 male medical and surgical
      patients were examined. Both when they were discharged and when they were
      followed up 12 months later, women who received crisis intervention counseling
      during their hospitalisation showed the predicted psychological gains when
      compared with non-counseled women. They expressed fewer feelings of helplessness
      and more of competence in the short term and fewer feelings of anxiety and
      helplessness in the long term. Men showed some improvements in the short term but
      fewer in the long term when, although they later expressed more feelings of
      competence, there were also more of helplessness. Women and men also showed the
      predicted benefits of counseling similarly in fewer indirect expressions of anger
      on both occasions. They also showed less anxiety on discharge and fewer
      depressive feelings on follow-up. Explanations of the sex differences in terms of
      sex role stereotypes, the extent of each patient's crisis and possible
      methodological artefacts were considered.

PMID- 4023758
TI  - Problems of substance abuse: exploitation and control.
AB  - The notion of substance abuse is highly problematic. There is considerable
      disagreement amongst 'experts' as to the relative hazards and addictive
      properties of both legally and illegally available substances. There are also
      widely divergent sub-cultural attitudes to the harmfulness or benefit of drug
      use. One can assume no social consensus as to the nature of the contemporary
      'drug problem', nor about the most appropriate means of dealing with it. There
      is, however, considerable evidence that criminalization of drug use, and harsh
      penalties against users and suppliers, are ineffective and counter-productive.
      Other models of control need to be considered, and in particular the merits and
      de-merits of the medicalization of drug abuse require examination. However, this
      is only one aspect of the problem. On the other side are the national and
      international corporations and syndicates, both legitimate and criminal, that
      earn vast profits from trade in toxic substances. Tobacco is legally available in
      every country in the world, and the industry is rarely subject to strict control.
      Thus the issue of substance abuse and control should be seen in a global context,
      in which account is taken of both legitimate and underworld operations. In
      attempts to control international trade in toxic substances, the limited success
      and the problems of already existing legal controls should be acknowledged. Local
      awareness and regulation of trade in substances is essential, but not sufficient.
      Amongst other avenues to be explored is the possibility of diverting presently
      illicitly grown narcotics into indigenous pharmaceutical industries in the Third
      World. Some problems with this strategy are noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4023759
TI  - Discrimination against women in the South African medical profession.
AB  - The paper examines discrimination against women in the medical profession in the
      South African context. To measure the extent of the problem data was obtained
      from the records of one of the largest South African medical schools--the
      University of the Witwatersrand Medical School. This medical school is one of the
      most liberal in South Africa and does not discriminate against women in its
      admission policies and the number of women graduated as doctors has increased
      steadily. Despite this, women take a secondary place in the South African medical
      profession. Evidence for this was collected from official records and
      supplemented with guided interviews with 15 women doctors. Special attention is
      given to the serious under-representation of Black women doctors in South Africa.

PMID- 4023760
TI  - A need for community education in development: the Mit Abu El Kom case.
AB  - A quasi-experimental study was performed in Mit Abu El Kom Village, Egypt, where
      one-quarter of the 500 village households had been provided with new housing and
      indoor water and sanitation facilities and where, prior to this provision, water
      and sanitation facilities were inadequate or nonexistent among all households. No
      community health education had taken place among relocatees (subjects) or
      nonrelocatees (controls) in conjunction with the provision of water and
      sanitation facilities. This study investigated if subjects' access and exposure
      to facilities had alone been sufficient to significantly alter their relevant
      knowledge, attitudes and practices as compared to controls. This was accomplished
      primarily through structured household interview. Given that women are
      traditionally most affected by facilities and most effective in matters related
      to household health, one adult female from each sampled household was the
      respondent, totalling 123 for subjects and 111 for controls. Between-group
      comparisons of responses revealed overall nonsignificant differences in knowledge
      and attitudes and that respondent age and sex had no significant overall impact
      on responses. Age and sex were also discounted as affecting variables in within
      group response analyses. Some significant changes in practices had occurred among
      subjects. However, these mainly resulted out of convenience and their potential
      benefits were often denigrated by changes which had not occurred or had not
      continued. The data indicate a need for community health education if health
      related benefits of water and sanitation facilities are to be realized, and
      specifically indicate the need to address the educational needs of all village
      women.

PMID- 4023761
TI  - The social definition of women's smoking behaviour.
AB  - The history of women's smoking behaviour is one of changing normative
      definitions. Recent trends have been explained in terms of the symbolic value of
      smoking, representing for women freedom and independence. This view is emphasised
      by advertising. However, other evidence suggests the continued existence of an
      older, more negative cultural stereotype. A two-part study of young women
      undergoing professional training for nursing and teaching throws some light on
      the way in which female smoking behaviour is currently socially interpreted. The
      first phase indicated that among the minority of parents who had expressed their
      attitudes towards their daughter's smoking in relation to sex-role norms, smoking
      was presented as unacceptable for women. More than half the sample perceived a
      negative cultural stereotype to be operating in contemporary society and two
      thirds recognised its existence in the past. This stereotype presents smoking as
      a male behaviour and hence inappropriate for women. Women who do smoke are liable
      to be labelled as having unfeminine or degrading attributes. The stereotype
      operated more strongly in the general social background rather than in reference
      to personal relationships and hence its influence on contemporary behaviour is
      likely to be limited. It was rejected as out-dated or a male belief by some but
      nevertheless it represented the personal opinion of others. In terms of a more
      favourable definition the female smoker was perceived in terms of an
      elegant/sophisticated dimension and in relation to an extrovert personality. The
      view of sample members that the growing acceptability of women's smoking was
      related to social change indirectly supported the view that sees smoking as
      symbolic of independence. Those who saw smoking in neutral terms, i.e. as not
      having sex-role attributes, perceived smoking in this sense as normal social
      behaviour for men and women alike. The second phase suggested that smokers and
      non-smokers have divergent views about the image of the female smoker. The non
      smoker's image was based on the older cultural stereotype ('unladylike'), whereas
      the smokers were more likely to take a view corresponding to the perspective that
      sees women's smoking as symbolic of social change and greater independence
      ('liberated'). The non-smokers had a clear and positive image of 'girls who don't
      smoke' ('feminine'), whereas for smokers the female non-smoker lacked a
      distinctive identity. The study thus suggests that traditional concepts of
      appropriate female behaviour continue to inhibit smoking among some women,
      whereas others perceive it as an aspect of independent behaviour.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4023762
TI  - Smoking and intelligence in Australia.
AB  - It is difficult to test the link between intelligence and smoking directly. A
      hypothetico-deductive approach is therefore used and it is hypothesized that
      members of the Mensa club will have low rates of smoking. A postal survey of 402
      Australian Mensa members revealed incidence rates of 22% for males and 15% for
      females. This is roughly half the general population incidence rate in both
      Australia and the U.K. It is concluded that the results do support the view of
      smoking as a sign of general social disadvantage.

PMID- 4023763
TI  - Relativism in the diagnosis of hypoglycemia.
AB  - It is a common assumption in our medicalized society that diagnostic labels
      simply describe facts, rather than express the diagnostician's own concepts of
      anomaly and dysfunction. Variability among physicians in diagnosing reactive
      hypoglycemia illustrates some fundamental problems of reifying the concept of
      disease. Although most physicians consider the same three variables in this
      diagnosis, their interpretations of them may vary widely. The disagreement
      centers around the credibility given standardized, technological measures versus
      the individual patient's experiences. Most physicians consider lab tests
      definitive in diagnosing hypoglycemia, while bypassing patients' subjective
      reports. Some, however, rely more heavily on patient-generated criteria to
      diagnose the condition. This lack of agreement about the criteria for diagnosing
      hypoglycemia, coupled with the psychological nature of many of the symptoms, make
      hypoglycemia and psychological disorder reasonable alternative diagnoses. These
      diagnoses, in turn, have very different effects on patients. These variations in
      physicians' diagnostic criteria illustrate that diagnostic labels are cognitive
      constructs, subject to the influence of the physician's culture, expectations,
      values and interests.

PMID- 4023764
TI  - Nutrition, lactation and fertility in two Mexican rural communities.
AB  - Policies are currently being pursued in Third World countries which promote
      lactation as both a fertility control measure and a means of improving child
      health and decreasing infant mortality rates. However, the relationship between
      nutrition, lactation and fertility in the human is a complex one in which social
      and psychological factors are involved as well as physiological and biochemical
      mechanisms. Little is known about the effects of these social and psychological
      variables on the biological processes. Observations made in the course of the
      anthropological fieldwork study reported in this paper raise questions regarding
      the assumption of the universal applicability of lactation policies in third
      world countries. Findings from this study are supported by the anthropological
      literature which indicates that breast feeding behaviour is culturally patterned
      and that there is a wide variation in such behaviour. The variations in
      environmental resources as well as in the ideological notions of nutrition which
      pattern the behaviour governing the exploitation of such resources as well as
      feeding behaviour is seen as advantageous in that they provide a 'natural
      laboratory' situation for examining the conflicting hypotheses concerning the
      relationship between nutrition, lactation and fertility.

PMID- 4023765
TI  - Patient mobility for elective surgical interventions.
AB  - In this study, we address the question of patient mobility by defining three
      types of mobility and testing them with a Probit model. First, we have forced
      mobility (shortage of resources), second, physician-induced mobility (hospital
      affiliations) and finally, the mobility chosen by patients. We isolate
      explanatory variables for observed patient mobility for the year 1977-1978 in
      Quebec, Canada, and present the results for two specific surgical interventions.
      We found that forced and induced mobility are statistically significant in
      explaining the movements of patients in search of specific medical services.
      However, the mobility chosen by patients requires further investigation.

PMID- 4023766
TI  - [Changes in the UV spectrum of the vitreous body in relation to the time of
      death].
AB  - The UV spectrum of 40 samples of vitreous body was determined in different time
      periods after death. The vitreous body was diluted in the ratio 1:200 and 1:400
      by means of redistilled water. It was found that the ratio of absorbance
      corresponding to the peaks of the curve is dependent on the time period after
      death. The regression analysis determined an exponential relation, making
      possible to estimate the time period after death in the dilution of the vitreous
      body in the ratio 1:200. For this kind of determination cases of deceased persons
      with damaged brain or cases with too high an absorbance did not prove suitable.
      In the dilution 1:400 the variance was too high and did not provide data that
      would be suitable for determining an estimate of the time elapsed from death.

PMID- 4023767
TI  - [Determination of alcohol in the blood using the "head space" automatic analyser,
      Erba Science and the Czechoslovak-made Chrom 4 chromatograph].
AB  - The connection of Carlo Erba automatic sampler with gas chromatograph Chrom IV is
      described. There are presented the results of the analyses of alcohol in blood.
      The results were obtained with the aid of this two instruments.

PMID- 4023768
TI  - [Possibilities and pitfalls in the determination of group characteristics in the
      remains of historical persons].
AB  - The authors give an account of their experience with the assessment of group
      substances from skeletal remnants of historical persons and Egyptian mummies.
      They also draw attention to possible pitfalls of examinations and the
      interpretation of results.

PMID- 4023769
TI  - False diagnosis of persistent fetal circulation caused by misplacement of
      umbilical artery catheter.
AB  - We have described two cases in which persistent fetal circulation was mistakenly
      diagnosed because umbilical artery catheters were placed in too high a position.
      In one case, repeated doses of tolazoline were given unnecessarily. While high
      placement of umbilical artery catheters is commonly accepted, misplacement may
      not always be apparent on routine AP chest films taken to confirm catheter
      positioning.

PMID- 4023770
TI  - Macrocystic peritoneal mesothelioma.

PMID- 4023771
TI  - Home ventilator dependence after high cervical cord injury.
AB  - Home ventilator support, though somewhat unorthodox, is economically desirable
      and is now technically feasible. Close cooperation between public health
      providers, ventilator suppliers, and the family physician, as well as strong
      patient and family compliance, is essential for success in maintaining a
      ventilator-dependent patient at home.

PMID- 4023772
TI  - Child abuse manifested as factitious apnea.
AB  - A 6-week-old male infant was admitted for near-miss SIDS documented in the
      hospital. The episodes were subsequently found to be factitious apnea that
      occurred as a result of the father suffocating the child. Apnea monitoring did
      not prevent, and in fact perpetrated the illusion of SIDS in this infant.

PMID- 4023773
TI  - Intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies after a tubal ligation with documented tubal
      occlusion.
AB  - The patient described had both an intrauterine and an extrauterine pregnancy
      after a previous vaginal tubal ligation using a Pomeroy technique. A
      hysterosalpingogram showed midtubal occlusion. Although pregnancy after tubal
      ligation is not unusual, this case does show that a hysterosalpingogram may also
      be inconclusive in ruling out the possibility of future pregnancy.

PMID- 4023774
TI  - Suspected interaction: warfarin and erythromycin.
AB  - The patient described had a markedly enhanced response to warfarin when he was
      given erythromycin concomitantly. Before the initiation of erythromycin, his
      warfarin anticoagulation had been well controlled. After withdrawal of
      erythromycin, his response to warfarin returned to normal. These findings and
      previously reported clinical and laboratory data lead to the conclusion that, at
      least in some patients, a potentially serious interaction between erythromycin
      and warfarin can occur.

PMID- 4023775
TI  - Infectious endocarditis caused by Cardiobacterium hominis.
AB  - We have described a patient with Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis who had a
      paucity of symptoms and ultimately required valve replacement.

PMID- 4023777
TI  - Surgical specialty training.

PMID- 4023776
TI  - Branhamella catarrhalis endocarditis in a patient receiving hemodialysis.
AB  - While Branhamella catarrhalis is now recognized as an important pathogen, this is
      only the fifth reported case of endocarditis caused by it. The production of beta
      lactamase by many strains and its resistance to vancomycin and clindamycin
      complicate the choice of antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 4023778
TI  - The internship year.

PMID- 4023779
TI  - Life-style factors among patients with melanoma.
AB  - For the period 1975 to 1980, melanoma incidence in persons 10 through 49 years of
      age in a southwest Georgia town was significantly increased compared with US
      rates (expected = 9; observed = 41) and Atlanta rates (expected = 13; observed =
      41). We surveyed 36 white patients with melanoma and 74 unaffected control
      subjects to identify risk factors possibly associated with melanoma in this
      population. When compared with the controls, the patients more often had a
      history of melanoma in family members [odds ratio (OR) = 8.00; 95% confidence
      limits (CL) = 0.89 to 71.6; P = .063]; skin sensitivity to sun exposure (OR =
      1.63; CL = 1.04 to 2.56; P = 0.016); or preexisting pigmented nevi (OR =
      infinity; one-sided 95% lower limit = 1.94, P = .005). More male patients had
      melanomas on covered body sites, though 67% of melanomas in both sexes occurred
      on normally covered sites. Patients in our study also had been exposed more often
      than controls to sick animals in the year before onset (OR = 3.18; CL = 0.92 to
      11.0; P = .055) and to pesticides in nonoccupational settings (OR = 3.56; CL =
      0.87 to 14.5; P = .059).

PMID- 4023780
TI  - Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma.
AB  - We studied 56 patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma to determine the
      manifestations, diagnostic and treatment methods, and patient outcomes. We
      identified 27 cases of primary gastric lymphoma and 29 cases of lymphoma
      involving the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract. Initial symptoms were
      nonspecific and included abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting.
      Diagnosis was frequently made at operation, with less than half of the patients
      having endoscopy and biopsy. The predominant histologic type was diffuse
      histiocytic lymphoma; the second most common type was poorly differentiated
      lymphocytic lymphoma. Average survival for patients with gastric lymphomas was 38
      months, versus 21 months for those with intestinal lymphomas. The most important
      prognostic factor was the stage of disease at presentation; spread beyond the
      regional lymph nodes was associated with shortened survival. Comparison of
      treatment groups was compromised by the varied combinations of therapy used and
      by the stages and sites of disease. This study points out the need for
      prospective randomized clinical trials, with comprehensive staging and uniform
      therapeutic procedures, to identify the best available methods.

PMID- 4023781
TI  - Delusions of parasitosis: differential diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Delusions of parasitosis, or a patient's persistent belief that he has cutaneous
      invasion by parasites despite medical evidence to the contrary, is an uncommon
      syndrome associated with a wide variety of medical and psychiatric disorders. Its
      prognosis has been improved considerably by the introduction of pimozide, a
      potent neuroleptic agent.

PMID- 4023782
TI  - Briquet's syndrome in adolescence.
AB  - Briquet's syndrome, originally described more than 100 years ago, has recently
      become a subject of concern for physicians who work with adolescents. It is a
      chronic disorder that primarily affects women, is characterized by many symptoms
      involving a number of organ systems, and usually has a frustrating clinical
      course. It typically begins in the second or third decades, and only rarely
      subsides with time. Multiple diagnostic procedures, medications, and surgical
      operations are common, usually without evidence of significant disease.
      Complications can include substance abuse, depression, and suicide. Management
      centers upon viewing the symptoms as the patient's attempts to communicate
      difficulties in coping with stress.

PMID- 4023783
TI  - Preoperative skeletal traction in Legg-Perthes disease.
AB  - In four of 11 patients with Legg-Perthes disease for which a varus femoral
      osteotomy was planned, routine split Russell traction failed to produce complete
      preoperative containment. Preoperative skeletal traction was used to distract the
      joint, displace the extruded lateral physis below the acetabular margin, and then
      reintroduce the femoral head into the acetabulum with progressive abduction. The
      femoral heads were rated postoperatively as good (two cases), fair (two cases),
      and poor (one case). Preoperative skeletal traction is an adjunctive treatment
      method for patients with "hinge abduction" in whom a varus femoral osteotomy is
      indicated.

PMID- 4023784
TI  - Long bone defects treated with demineralized bone.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the potential of demineralized bone
      alloimplant (DBA) for healing long bone defects. We removed 25 mm of bone from
      the junction of the proximal and middle thirds of both ulnas in seven adult male
      mongrel dogs. On one side of each animal the devascularized bone was replaced as
      a cortical autograft (CA) and on the other side, the defect was filled with DBA.
      Because of implant error, there were only five CAs to evaluate, of which two had
      achieved clinical union. Of the seven DBAs only one achieved union. The bone in
      and around the defect was quantified on each specimen roentgenogram and was
      compared to the size of the original defect. The CA defects were filled 139% +/-
      11% with bone that was partly new and partly remnants of the replaced autograft.
      The demineralized alloimplant defects were filled 143% +/- 45% with bone which,
      of course, was all newly formed. The difference between the two groups was not
      significant. We concluded that the DBA was an excellent osteogenic stimulant, but
      that it did not prevent nonunion in this model.

PMID- 4023785
TI  - Learning arthroscopy.
AB  - Problems have been uncovered in learning arthroscopy at the resident level or for
      the beginner at any level of orthopedic practice. The problems are varied, and
      are not all present in the same individual. This study delineates problems
      involving vision impairments, depth perception, spatial recognition, speed of
      accommodation, and data confrontation requiring immediate action. Speed is an
      additional factor in relation to accomplishing a task within an acceptable time
      limit. Through testing mechanisms, surgeons can discover their own inadequacies
      and thus learn to perform well in this new field.

PMID- 4023786
TI  - Fetal chromosome analysis in Virginia: results and complications of 2,288 cases.
AB  - In reviewing the results and complications of 2,288 consecutive fetal chromosome
      analyses at the Medical College of Virginia, we found that 48 abnormal fetuses
      (2.1%) were detected, with age-specific and indication-specific incidences of
      particular abnormalities (such as Down's syndrome and structural rearrangement)
      similar to those found in other large series. An unusual finding was a 5.5%
      incidence of aneuploidy among 55 patients who had antenatal testing because of a
      history of neural tube defects. The spontaneous abortion rate after amniocentesis
      was 2.5% from 1976 to 1981, but only 0.9% in 1982 to 1983. Adequate karyotypes
      were obtained in 99.6% of patients; there were no laboratory misdiagnoses. We
      discuss the present impact of fetal karyotyping in Virginia, as well as the
      implications for pregnancy surveillance in the future of the decreasing morbidity
      of midtrimester amniocentesis and technologic improvements in obstetrics, such as
      ultrasonography and chorionic villus biopsy.

PMID- 4023787
TI  - Educational and exercise programs for asthmatic children.
AB  - We designed programs to teach appropriate exercises to asthmatic children and to
      educate their parents about their special needs. Each of 11 programs over a six
      year period included a weekly two-hour session for four weeks. Lectures for
      parents dealt with the etiology and precipitating events of asthma, environmental
      control and drug therapy, family interaction with a psychiatrist, and
      hyposensitization therapy and food allergy. The 59 children, aged 4 to 13, played
      group games, learned breathing exercises, and were assisted by their parents in
      postural drainage. School absences decreased in 59%, emergency room visits
      decreased in 70%, medication usage decreased in 54%, and the number of attacks
      decreased in 70%. Greater understanding of asthma by both parents and children
      improved the quality of life and lessened the severity of the disease.

PMID- 4023788
TI  - Palatal insufficiency: a surgical technique for reconstruction.
AB  - Nasal regurgitation and hypernasality are the major complications after
      extirpation of the soft palate, retromolar trigone, and tonsillar areas. The
      surgical procedure described herein provides satisfactory correction of the
      defect. The combined approach of advancement-rotation palatoplasty and an
      advanced lateral pharyngeal wall flap appears to be an alternative solution to
      the use of an obturator or inferiorly based pharyngeal flap.

PMID- 4023789
TI  - Empty right iliac fossa.
AB  - In the diagnosis of intra-abdominal disease, absence of gas or fecal shadows from
      the right iliac fossa is an important but nonspecific finding on plain
      roentgenograms. We found the empty right iliac fossa most commonly associated
      with acute appendicitis, Crohn's disease, and carcinoma of the cecum.
      Retrospective analysis of 137 confirmed cases of disease in the right lower
      quadrant yielded 21 (15.4%) with an empty right iliac fossa. In an additional 21
      cases, an empty right iliac fossa was prospectively identified, and 13 of these
      patients (61.9%) had confirmed disease in a particular area.

PMID- 4023790
TI  - Cephalosporins for surgical prophylaxis: computer projections of intraoperative
      availability.
AB  - Cephalosporin antibiotics are the most frequently used agents for surgical
      prophylaxis. Within this class are considerable pharmacokinetic variations that
      could have significant implications. We used a computer simulation of
      cephalosporin serum levels to describe concentrations achieved and maintained
      intraoperatively when the agents are given intravenously "on call" to the
      operating room or with induction of anesthesia. Intraoperative serum
      concentrations fall below 1 microgram/ml if an operation lasts longer than 2.3,
      2.7, 3.8, or 4.0 hours when cephalothin, cephapirin, cefamandole, or cefoxitin,
      respectively, is given in usual doses upon induction of anesthesia. When the same
      agents are given intravenously on call to the operating room, intraoperative
      serum concentrations fall below 1 microgram/ml for operations lasting longer than
      1.1, 1.5, 2.6, or 2.8 hours, respectively. If cephalothin, cephapirin,
      cefamandole, or cefoxitin is used, it should be given at induction of anesthesia
      to provide maximal intraoperative serum concentrations. The longer half-life of
      cefazolin, ceforanide, cefonicid, and cefuroxime is a potential advantage because
      serum concentrations of these agents are well above 1 microgram/ml for as long as
      eight to 22 hours even after on-call administration.

PMID- 4023791
TI  - Microsurgical vasovasostomy for reversal of elective bilateral segmental
      vasectomy.
AB  - Microsurgical vasovasostomy for the reversal of elective bilateral segmental
      vasectomy (vasectomy, vas ligation) was done in 57 patients (61 operations)
      between May 1977 and March 1984. The length of time between elective segmental
      vasectomy and subsequent vasovasostomy ranged from 12 to 216 months; the longest
      period between vasectomy and vasovasostomy resulting in a subsequent pregnancy
      was 108 months. The patency rate was 83%, with 51% of these patients fathering
      one or more children (overall pregnancy rate of 41%). Unlike previous studies,
      ours showed no positive correlation between the presence of postvasectomy sperm
      granulomas and either patency or pregnancy rate after microsurgical
      vasovasostomy. The major factor that seemed to affect the success of the
      procedure was the number of years between vas ligation and vasovasostomy.

PMID- 4023792
TI  - Inability of awake patients to correctly locate a cough stimulus.
AB  - To determine whether patients can accurately identify the lung in which a cough
      reflex originates, a unilateral cough stimulus was administered to 67 patients
      during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Although the stimulus produced a vigorous cough
      reflex in all subjects, 51 of 67 individuals were unable to identify the side
      stimulated. These results suggest that impulses from endobronchial irritant
      receptors are not perceived cortically as originating within a particular
      hemithorax.

PMID- 4023793
TI  - Response to aminoglutethimide after failure of tamoxifen therapy in breast
      cancer.
AB  - A 54-year-old woman had a primary breast cancer with an estrogen receptor of 11.9
      fmoles/mg of protein. One year later bony metastases were treated with tamoxifen.
      The disease progressed rapidly, and therapy was changed to aminoglutethimide,
      which has resulted in an almost complete remission. This case shows that patients
      who fail to respond to tamoxifen therapy may have a good response to other
      endocrine manipulation--in this instance, aminoglutethimide.

PMID- 4023794
TI  - Unilateral adrenal hemorrhage: an unusual presentation.
AB  - An asymptomatic adrenal mass was discovered in an elderly patient during
      evaluation of an abnormal urinary sediment. Exploratory laparotomy revealed an
      adrenal hematoma as the cause of the mass. No clear cause of the adrenal
      hemorrhage was identified, and postoperatively there was no evidence of adrenal
      insufficiency. Though rare, signs of adrenal hemorrhage may include an
      asymptomatic adrenal mass, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis
      of this problem.

PMID- 4023795
TI  - Left atrial myxoma and atrial septal defect with recurrent pulmonary emboli.
AB  - We have reported a case of left atrial myxoma in association with an atrial
      septal defect in a patient followed up over a number of years for recurrent
      sterile pleural effusions and chronic obstructive lung disease of undetermined
      cause. During hospitalization for pneumonia, an intracardiac mass and atrial
      septal defect were found by echocardiography, and verified at operation to be a
      left atrial myxoma.

PMID- 4023797
TI  - Therapeutic indications in carbamazepine overdose.
AB  - After ingesting carbamazepine, our four patients had elevated serum drug levels
      but minimal symptoms and were treated conservatively with excellent results.
      While serum levels may provide the diagnosis, they do not indicate therapy, which
      depends upon clinical manifestations.

PMID- 4023796
TI  - Dopamine- and norepinephrine-secreting intrapericardial pheochromocytoma in a
      normotensive patient.
AB  - We have described a 41-year-old woman without hypertension in whom laboratory
      testing showed elevated urinary and plasma norepinephrine levels as well as
      increased plasma dopamine and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. A
      pheochromocytoma was removed from the interatrial wall, but the course was
      complicated by intractable bleeding and the patient died. The atypical
      normotensive pheochromocytoma should be suspected in patients with insidious
      adrenergic symptoms when more routine diagnoses cannot be made.

PMID- 4023798
TI  - Biology of Robertsiella kaporensis snails and Malaysian Schistosoma.
AB  - Studies on the bionomics and host-parasite relationship of Robertsiella
      kaporensis and Malaysian Schistosoma were investigated. The study was divided
      into 4 parts: cultivation of snails, R. kaporensis, and maintenance of Malaysian
      Schistosoma life cycle, daily cercarial shedding cycle in R. kaporensis,
      miracidial load and cercarial shedding pattern and the infectivity of Malaysian
      Schistosoma cercariae. R. kaporensis were cultured in the laboratory with the use
      of plastic container provided with fine sand. The snails were fed with diatoms
      and Saraca leaves. The development period for the snail eggs was about 20-30
      days, the young grew to maturity in 14-15 weeks, and the average growth rate of
      snails was 0.23 mm per week. The daily cercarial shedding cycle of snails had
      shown that the peak emergence of cercariae of Malaysian Schistosoma occurred at
      night, between 6-10 pm. The miracidial load which yielded the best results in
      terms of percentage infection rates of snails and cercarial output was the
      miracidial concentration of 8 miracidia per snail. The study on infectivity of
      Malaysian Schistosoma cercariae has shown that there was a decrease in
      infectivity of the cercariae to mammalian hosts as the cercariae increased in
      age. The percentage infection rate of mice and numbers of worms recovered were
      highest in mice infected with cercariae of 0-1/2 hr. old. Infection of cercariae
      fell rapidly after the cercariae were 16 hr. old.

PMID- 4023799
TI  - Kawasaki disease in Songkla, Thailand.
AB  - Four cases of Kawasaki disease hospitalized in Haadyai Hospital, Songkla, during
      1978-1983 are summarized. All four patients had clinical features, the principal
      signs and symptoms set forth in the guidelines for the diagnosis of mucocutaneous
      lymphnode syndrome (Kawasaki disease) including other associated features such as
      diarrhea, arthritis, mild jaundice, pneumonia, subconjunctival hemorrhage,
      proteinuria and leukocytosis. All four patients survived the acute illness,
      without evidence of cardiac complications. The cases were followed-up for over
      one year.

PMID- 4023800
TI  - ELISA testing in cases of clinical angiostrongyliasis in Thailand.
AB  - The sera from 116 Thais admitted to Nakhon Ratchasima hospital in northeastern
      Thailand with eosinophilic meningitis were tested for antibodies to
      Angiostrongylus cantonensis by ELISA. Ninety-six percent of the sera were
      considered positive with ELISA values exceptionally high for most patients. The
      clinical aspects of the disease are also presented. The ELISA test is considered
      to be of value in the diagnosis of the disease but tests for the antigen would
      provide a more definitive diagnosis.

PMID- 4023801
TI  - NAG Vibrio cholerae isolated from imported shellfish in Guam.
AB  - A survey of imported shellfish available in public markets on the Island of Guam
      revealed the presence of NAG Vibrio cholerae contamination (10 of 38 sample lots
      positive) and high coliform counts (21 of 33 sample lots in excess of 2400 per
      100 grams). NAG V. cholerae contamination was associated with high coliform
      counts and origin in fresh or brackish waters rather than saltwater. Further
      importation of fresh shellfish from other than approved sources was prohibited.

PMID- 4023802
TI  - Effect of passive immunity to tetanus in DTP vaccinated infants.
AB  - Tetanus antitoxin levels in DTP unvaccinated and vaccinated infants whose mothers
      had either received no dose or two doses of absorbed tetanus toxoid at present
      pregnancy were determined by the enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA). It was found
      that the percentage of protective infants born from non-immunized and immunized
      mothers were 95.4 and 100 respectively. The transplacental tetanus immunity in
      infants of immunized mothers was higher than those of non-immunized mothers,
      however, it was significantly reduced in both groups of infants within two
      months. After the first dose of DTP vaccine, infants born from non-immunized
      mothers were able to respond well in producing antibody whereas the infants from
      immunized mothers were not. In the second and third dose of DTP vaccine both
      groups of infants had a similar range of tetanus antitoxin.

PMID- 4023803
TI  - Short term maintenance of Gnathostoma larvae in vitro without losing infectivity.

PMID- 4023804
TI  - Trombiculid mites of Sunter, North Jakarta Indonesia.

PMID- 4023805
TI  - Status of Anopheles malaria vectors in Indonesia.
AB  - During eight years (1975-1984), approximately 46 species of Anopheles have so far
      been detected by entomological team of Directorate General Communicable Disease
      Control in Indonesia. Eighteen species of Anopheles have been confirmed as
      malaria vectors and seven species which consist of: An. sundaicus, An. subpictus
      An. aconitus, An. balabacensis, An. barbirostris, An. punctulatus and An. minimus
      have been reconfirmed as malaria vectors, during 1975-1984. An. sundaicus and An.
      aconitus are the main vectors in Java (reconfirmed 1979-1980-1982). An. sundaicus
      is predominantly exophilic and exophagic. It is mostly anthropophilic except in
      Central Java and Yogyakarta where the Human Blood Index (HBI) of An. sundaicus is
      too low (1.31%). Based on susceptibility tests done during period 1980 to 1983,
      no An. sundaicus resistance to DDT has been recorded in Java. An. aconitus is the
      main vector in island of Java. Although mostly exophilic, exophagic and
      zoophilic, in some places (Central Java) it may still be a dangerous vector. An.
      aconitus resistance to DDT have been recorded in Central Java, Yogyakarta and
      large part of East Java. Based on few tests done in Java, An. aconitus is still
      susceptible to dieldrin and organophosphates i.e. malathion and fenitrotion.
      Malaria vectors in Outer Islands (outside Java), are predominantly exophilic and
      exophagic and are still susceptible to DDT. There might be some complexes
      confronting malaria control programme, which could be An. aconitus, An. Sundaicus
      and An. balabacensis in Indonesia.

PMID- 4023806
TI  - Status of malaria vectors in Malaysia.

PMID- 4023807
TI  - Vectors of malaria in the Philippines.

PMID- 4023808
TI  - Impact of ecological changes on Anopheles vectors of malaria in some countries of
      Southeast Asia.

PMID- 4023809
TI  - Environmental management in mosquito control.

PMID- 4023810
TI  - Brugia malayi: serum dependent cell-mediated reactions to microfilariae.
AB  - Sheathed and exsheathed microfilariae of Brugia malayi are killed by normal rat
      cells in the presence of immune serum in vitro. Immune serum heated at 56 degrees
      C for 1 hour lost this activity which was largely restored by the addition of
      fresh normal rat serum. EDTA but not EGTA abolished this activity indicating the
      operation of complement by alternate pathway. Fresh normal rat serum alone
      promoted cellular adherence without exerting cytotoxicity to the microfilariae.
      The activity in the immune serum could be removed with Staphylococcus aureus
      cells containing Protein A or anti-IgG antiserum. The activity could also be
      absorbed to and eluted from Protein A--sepharose CL-4B suggesting the involvement
      of IgG. Neutrophils and macrophages participate in the antibody dependent cell
      mediated cytotoxicity phenomenon. Eosinophils while adhering to the microfilariae
      exert cytotoxicity only to the exsheathed parasites.

PMID- 4023811
TI  - Chemical control on malaria vector Anopheles aconitus in Central Java, Indonesia.

PMID- 4023813
TI  - Malaria control strategies: overview of changing perspectives.

PMID- 4023812
TI  - Biological control of mosquitoes, especially malaria vectors, Anopheles species.

PMID- 4023814
TI  - Induction of protective immunity against infection by Angiostrongylus cantonensis
      in rats.
AB  - Attempts were made to induce acquired immunity against Angiostrongylus
      cantonensis infection by immunizing rats with somatic (L3S) and metabolic (L3ES)
      antigens from third-stage larvae and with somatic antigen from adult female worms
      (FACE) via either a combined intraperitoneal and oral (IP-OR-OR) or subcutaneous
      (SC-SC-SC) route. The most effective mean in inducing protection was the
      administration of L3S by the IP-OR-OR route, as judged from reduced mortality,
      prolonged survival periods and/or reduced worm burdens. Such a protocol reduced
      mortality to below 20% of the unimmunized controls. The worm burden of the L3S
      immunized rats was only about 25% of the control value and the survival period
      was at least double. However, judging from gross morphology, the absence of
      stunted growth and unimpaired ficundity of the worms that developed into adult
      stage, it appears that those worms that survived had normal development. The
      latter observation is in contrast to that noted with FACE immunization which
      seemed to affect also the growth and development of worms that survived into
      adult stage.

PMID- 4023815
TI  - Effects of a juvenile hormone analogue on the morphology and biology of Aedes
      scutellaris malayensis Colless (Diptera: Culicidae).
AB  - Effects of 2-methyl-9(4-isopropylphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl nonane, or MV-678, a
      juvenile hormone analogue, on Aedes scutellaris malayensis Colless were
      investigated under laboratory conditions (29 degrees +/- 2 degrees C and 86 +/-
      3% RH). The MV-678 was tested against the first, second, third and fourth instar
      larvae. The concentrations used were 0.0032, 0.016, 0.08, 0.4 and 2.0 mg/l. The
      morphogenetic aberrations were determined and divided into 8 groups, among which
      they included (1) death larvae, (2) late fourth instar larvae before pupation,
      (3) larvae with pupae partly emerged, (4) white pupae, (5) brown pupae, (6)
      elephantoid pupae of which pupae with adults visible inside, (7) pupae with
      apparently adults partly emerged and (8) death adults. The percentage mortality
      rates were found to be relatively high in pupal and larval stages when they were
      treated with 2.0 mg/l. The LC50 values were 0.26, 0.175, 0.06 and 0.032 mg/l for
      the first, second, third and fourth instar larvae respectively. The effectiveness
      of MV-678 at 2.0 mg/l was about 11 days under the open air conditions (28 degrees
      +/- 2 degrees C and 72 +/- 3% RH). When the fourth instar larvae were treated
      with 0.4 and 2.0 mg/l of MV-678, the LC50 values were 3.1 and 7.1 days
      respectively.

PMID- 4023816
TI  - Bioassays of Bacillus sphaericus (strain 1593) against mosquitoes of public
      health importance in Malaysia.
AB  - The pathogenicity of Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 was tested against
      laboratory-reared larvae of four local species of mosquitoes of public health
      importance in Malaysia; Aedes aegypti, Anopheles balabacensis, Mansonia uniformis
      and Culex quinquefasciatus. The bacteria was shake-cultured at 28 +/- 1 degrees C
      for three days, using Glucose-Yeast Extract Salts medium. After which, the spores
      and vegetative cells were harvested and stored at 4 degrees C before use.
      Conditions for bioassays were mean temperature of 25 +/- 1 degrees C and relative
      humidity 65 +/- 5.0. Twenty third-instar larvae of each species were assayed in
      90 ml of diluted spore solution. Each concentration and a control were replicated
      three times for each bioassay. Larval mortalities at 24 hours and 48 hours were
      taken and analyzed through Probit Analysis using a computer (IBM 370). LC50
      values after 48 hours of exposure showed an increasing order of larval
      susceptibility as follows: Ae. aegypti (417.70 x 10(4)), An. balabacensis (45.84
      x 10(4)), Ma. uniformis (18.23 x 10(4)) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (4.14 x 10(4)
      spores/ml). With the ability to kill 90% of the Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae
      tested with just a concentration of 10(5) spores/ml, B. sphaericus (strain 1593)
      has shown good potential as a biocontrol agent for this species of mosquito.

PMID- 4023817
TI  - Breeding point and larval association of anopheline mosquitoes of northwest
      Mindoro, Philippines.
AB  - A larval survey of stream breeding Anopheles was conducted in the foothills of
      northwest Mindoro Island, Philippines. Eleven species were collected with An.
      ludlowae constituting 27.9% of the total. The three malaria vectors in the area,
      An. flavirostris, An. maculatus and An. mangyanus, made up 25.2, 5.1 and 3.8% of
      the collection, respectively. Breeding point induces were used to identify
      optimum habitat and larval association analyses. An. annularis and An. ludlowae
      had high positive association index with An. flavirostris, while An. mangyanus
      and An. filipinae appeared to have poor association within the breeding point.

PMID- 4023818
TI  - Precipitating antibodies to non-treated dengue type 2 viral antigens in sera of
      Thai hemorrhagic fever patients by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of dengue type 2 virus revealed at least two
      precipitating antigens which shared some antigenic determinants. Glycoprotein
      components of both antigens were detected by binding to concanavalin A. Sera from
      dengue hemorrhagic fever patients showed precipitating antibodies to both
      antigens which could be quantitated according to the precipitate patterns formed
      in the intermediate gel of crossed immunoelectrophoresis. All secondary dengue
      hemorrhagic fever patients demonstrated an increase in precipitin titers in
      convalescence sera. Most patients with mild illness contained precipitating
      antibodies in acute phase sera whereas severe cases did not. Convalescent sera
      from severe cases showed only low titers. These precipitating antibodies may be
      associated with protection since they were produced early only in those with mild
      form of illness.

PMID- 4023819
TI  - Will latent iron deficiency affect the mitochondrial iron-containing enzymes?
AB  - Since information pertinent to the effect of prelatent or latent iron deficiency
      on tissue iron is scare, the present study was aimed at producing this stage of
      iron deficiency in rats by phlebotomy and to determine whether the mitochondrial
      iron-containing enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and glycerophosphate
      dehydrogenase (GPDH) were affected. These phlebotomized rats showed a subclinical
      aneamic picture in the blood together with reduced plasma iron and storage iron
      in the spleen and liver, but an elevated plasma total iron-binding capacity
      (TIBC). Under this latent iron deficient state, the SHD in the heart and the
      skeletal muscle with mixed-fibre types (gastrocnemius and plantaris) but not the
      red (soleus) and white fibres (vastus lateralis) showed reduced activities. No
      significant changes in GPDH activities were found in these organs. This finding
      is consistent with our early report (Quisumbing et al., 1985) that even in mild
      iron deficiency, some loss of mitochondrial functions could have occurred and
      this could affect the muscular endurance. SDH was more affected by latent iron
      deficiency than GPDH.

PMID- 4023820
TI  - Pseudomonas pseudomallei in southern Thailand.
AB  - The distribution of Pseudomonas pseudomallei was studied in soil and water from
      various sources of Songkla province, Southern Thailand. P. pseudomallei was
      isolated from the surface soil of rubber plantations (60.9%) and from the bottom
      sediments of rice fields (78.1%). Farmers and plantation workers will have a
      greater risk of contracting melioidosis.

PMID- 4023821
TI  - The role of toxoplasmosis in congenital disease in Malaysia.
AB  - Toxoplasmosis was found not to be an important cause of intrauterine infection in
      Malaysia as the rate of toxoplasma-specific IgM in 1,060 congenitally defective
      Malaysian children, 0 to 4 months old (0.4%) was lower than that in 405 normal
      children of the same age group (2.0%). A total of 8.2 intra-uterine toxoplasmic
      infections per 1,000 live births was detected of which one-third (2.7 per 1,000
      live births) was overt, manifesting symptoms more of liver damage, than eye or
      brain damage. A comparison was made with the rates in U.S.A. and Europe. The role
      of toxoplasmosis in abortion needs to be studied.

PMID- 4023822
TI  - [Survival of patients with liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 4023823
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course of pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 4023824
TI  - [Thermography in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs].

PMID- 4023825
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of complications of breast endoprostheses].

PMID- 4023826
TI  - [Effect of sodium oxybutyrate on the microcirculation of the ischemic hand].

PMID- 4023827
TI  - [Compression of cerebral hemispheres in contusion foci].

PMID- 4023828
TI  - [Use of organosilicone foam retardants in endoscopic and roentgenological
      studies].

PMID- 4023829
TI  - [Temporal arteritis].

PMID- 4023830
TI  - [Prognosis and prevention of suppurative surgical complications].

PMID- 4023831
TI  - [Tumor markers in breast cancer].

PMID- 4023832
TI  - [Valsalva-Burger test in the evaluation of coronary reserve].

PMID- 4023833
TI  - [D-xylose test for determining the absorptive capacity of the ileum].

PMID- 4023834
TI  - [Lesions of the neuromuscular system in mechanical jaundice before and after
      hemosorption].

PMID- 4023835
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in dyscirculatory myelopathies].

PMID- 4023836
TI  - [Center for the complex diagnosis of exogenous allergic alveolitis in East
      Germany].

PMID- 4023837
TI  - [Mathematical method of diagnosis and the prevalence of premorbid chronic
      bronchitis].

PMID- 4023838
TI  - [Effectiveness of treatment of peptic ulcer in relation to ambulatory treatment
      and length of hospital stay].

PMID- 4023839
TI  - [Biliary calculi].

PMID- 4023840
TI  - [Characteristics of drug-induced anaphylactic shock].

PMID- 4023841
TI  - [Graded compression in the treatment of rupture of pubic symphysis].

PMID- 4023842
TI  - [Immunostimulators in the complex treatment of acute pneumonia].

PMID- 4023843
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of methods of studying gastric acid production].

PMID- 4023844
TI  - [Disorders of kidney function in myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4023845
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4023847
TI  - [Measurements of radiation exposure of patients during indirect transvenous
      digital subtraction angiography--comparison of pulse-mode and continuous-mode
      operation].

PMID- 4023846
TI  - [DSA using fine needle puncture for the elimination of vascular complications in
      hemodialysis shunts].

PMID- 4023848
TI  - [Obstetric roentgen diagnosis and special roentgen diagnosis of the female
      pelvis].

PMID- 4023850
TI  - [Results of radiotherapeutic treatment of malignant tumors of the tongue].

PMID- 4023849
TI  - [Iopamidol (Solutrast) in excretory urography].

PMID- 4023851
TI  - [Thoracic empyema].

PMID- 4023852
TI  - [Reconstructive operations for tracheal stenoses and tracheoesophageal fistulae.
      II].

PMID- 4023854
TI  - [Treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers, particularly in young people].

PMID- 4023853
TI  - [Cancer of the cardia].

PMID- 4023855
TI  - [Early carcinoma of the stomach].

PMID- 4023856
TI  - [Acute blockage of the choledochus and papilla].

PMID- 4023857
TI  - [Agenesis of the gallbladder].

PMID- 4023858
TI  - [Focal liver disease in the CT image].

PMID- 4023859
TI  - [Prophylactic and therapeutic effect of ornidazole (Tiberal Roche) in abdominal
      surgery].

PMID- 4023860
TI  - [Chylangioma of the mesentery as a cause of volvulus of the small intestine].

PMID- 4023861
TI  - [Our surgical method for acquired anal incontinence].

PMID- 4023862
TI  - [Radiation injuries of the intestines].

PMID- 4023863
TI  - [Electric injuries in children].

PMID- 4023864
TI  - Extracapsular parotidectomy--a radical operation for selected malignant parotid
      tumours.

PMID- 4023865
TI  - Parathyroid disease. Part I. The management of primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 4023866
TI  - Sterility of the cysterna chyli during reconstructive aortic procedures.

PMID- 4023867
TI  - Acute pancreatitis. Experience at the Johannesburg Hospital.

PMID- 4023868
TI  - Pharyngo-oesophageal reconstruction with the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.

PMID- 4023869
TI  - The use of indwelling atrial catheters as a method of venous access in paediatric
      patients.

PMID- 4023870
TI  - A container for the rapid transfusion of blood and blood products.

PMID- 4023871
TI  - Idiopathic chronic ulcerative enteritis. A case report.

PMID- 4023872
TI  - Additives--a hazard of generic substitution.

PMID- 4023873
TI  - Peritonitis in the immunosuppressed female--possible role of the IUCD.

PMID- 4023874
TI  - AIDS in Johannesburg.

PMID- 4023875
TI  - Alcohol abuse and public transport.

PMID- 4023876
TI  - Threshold for initiation of phototherapy in infants with non-haemolytic
      hyperbilirubinaemia.
AB  - The effect of initiating phototherapy at three different bilirubin concentrations
      in infants with physiological jaundice was studied in 98 clinically jaundiced
      term infants. Phototherapy was initiated at levels of 170, 257 and 300 mumol/l in
      groups A, B and C respectively. There was no difference between the groups in
      terms of days in hospital and bilirubin levels at entry or at exit from the
      study. Of group A, 97% received phototherapy v. 47% and 18% in groups B and C
      respectively. Peak bilirubin in those infants in group C receiving phototherapy
      was 318 mumol/l v. 282 mumol/l and 229 mumol/l in groups A and B. Two group C
      infants suffered complications of hyperbilirubinaemia. Rebound
      hyperbilirubinaemia was noted in infants with more severe jaundice after
      cessation of phototherapy. The threshold for toxicity in non-haemolytic
      hyperbilirubinaemia may be higher than the still widely accepted 340 mumol/l
      value, but pending definitive studies phototherapy will continue to be initiated
      at levels of greater than 257 mumol/l in term infants with hyperbilirubinaemia.

PMID- 4023877
TI  - [The seasonal incidence of acute appendicitis].
AB  - The seasonal incidence of acute appendicitis in a black community is described.
      This phenomenon is explained and its implications for the aetiology and
      pathogenesis of this common disease are illustrated.

PMID- 4023878
TI  - A new multiple sclerosis epidemic? A pilot survey.
AB  - There may be an increasing incidence of multiple sclerosis in South Africa. All
      newly-diagnosed white Afrikaans-speaking patients from the Pretoria area were
      examined over a 12-month period and 5 new cases were diagnosed. This is a highly
      significant rise over the expected 0,2/100 000/year (P less than 0,001).

PMID- 4023879
TI  - What do pacemaker recipients think of their implantations? An exploratory study.
AB  - Interviews conducted with 94 pacemaker recipients were analysed to assess their
      knowledge and understanding of their disease and treatment, as well as to
      determine their self-assessment of the quality of life before and after
      implantation. Many patients knew little about their illness, the reason for
      having a pacemaker, or their prognosis. Eighteen patients claimed still to be in
      bad physical condition; 47 patients claimed to be physically handicapped, in 32
      of whom the handicaps could be related to their cardiac condition. Fifty patients
      said that they were less active after implantation than before it. These findings
      suggest a lack of meaningful patient-doctor/doctor-patient communication. It is
      suggested that a team approach involving a social worker would improve continuity
      of care and communication, as well as the quality of patients' lives.

PMID- 4023880
TI  - The use of the Samson modification of the Mapleson 'A' circuit during blind nasal
      intubation for anaesthesia.
AB  - A technique of blind nasal intubation for anaesthesia using the Samson
      modification of the Mapleson 'A' circuit is described. Adequate depth of
      anaesthesia is maintained by continuous insufflation, and scavenging is
      continuously used to remove waste anaesthetic gases. The position of the tube in
      relation to the larynx is estimated by movement of the reservoir bag and
      intermittent condensation of expired water vapour in the clear plastic of the
      circuit.

PMID- 4023881
TI  - Ethanol content of some pharmaceuticals available in the RSA.
AB  - The Medicines Control Council is concerned about the influence of the
      simultaneous ingestion of alcohol and medicines on certain psychomotor functions
      and the consequent inability of the consumer to perform tasks which require
      mental clarity. Health care personnel should be aware of the alcohol content of
      medications when counselling patients receiving drugs against alcoholism or
      patients who should avoid alcohol. A compilation, short-listed from over 300
      ethanol-containing prescription and non-prescription drug products available in
      the RSA, is presented.

PMID- 4023883
TI  - Superior dislocation of the hip. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Anterior hip dislocation is relatively uncommon and constitutes only 12-18% of
      all hip dislocations. Of these the rarest type is the superior anterior
      dislocation; 2 patients are described, the mechanism of injury, management and
      complications discussed, and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 4023882
TI  - Autopsy assessment of liver lacerations. A study of 62 cases.
AB  - The results of 127 consecutive autopsies on victims of motor vehicle, train and
      tractor accidents were analysed to determine the incidence, extent and severity
      of liver injury as well as to formulate a method of grading such injuries
      relevant to forensic autopsy practice. All liver lacerations noted were assigned
      an injury-assessment index. The features which emerge from the study are as
      follows: (i) almost 50% of the the victims had liver lacerations; (ii) in almost
      75% of these, multiple lacerations were present; and (iii) in over 33% of those
      with liver lacerations severe liver injury in the form of lobal transection was
      present. The implementation of injury-assessment indices as a matter of routine
      in the grading of traumatic lesions at autopsy is suggested.

PMID- 4023884
TI  - Conservative management of amoebic liver abscess complicated by pericardial
      extension. A case report.

PMID- 4023885
TI  - Oral treatment with ketoconazole in systemic candidosis of guinea-pigs:
      microbiology, hematology and histopathology.
AB  - Non-pretreated Albino guinea-pigs were infected intravenously with Candida
      albicans and treated orally either with placebo or ketoconazole. The 17-day
      follow-up of the fungal dissemination was based upon hematology, on gross and
      microscopic lesions and on the demonstration of the fungus by culture techniques.
      The efficacy of ketoconazole, both with regard to the quantity and the morphology
      of fungi in various organs and the tissue-healing process are discussed. The
      treatment of human systemic candidosis will also be considered. No side-effects
      due to the therapy were observed in these experiments.

PMID- 4023886
TI  - Experimental chronic vaginal candidosis in rats.
AB  - In the past, the rat model of experimental vaginal candidosis has been used to
      study the efficacy of antifungal agents in eradicating acute vaginitis. In the
      present study, chronic vaginal candidosis was induced to study the natural
      history of the infection. Results indicate that chronic infection is readily
      achieved and is strictly dependent on oophorectomy and hormonal maintenance of
      pseudoestrous. Histologic studies confirm that rats so infected and with long
      term vaginal carriage of Candida albicans have true chronic infection with
      extensive mycelial formation and superficial mucosal invasion.

PMID- 4023887
TI  - Molecular and cellular events during the yeast to mycelium transition in
      Sporothrix schenckii.
AB  - Unbudded singlets from exponentially growing yeast cells of Sporothrix schenckii
      were harvested, selected by filtration and allowed to form germ tubes in a basal
      medium with glucose at pH 4.0 and 25 degrees C. These conditions supported only
      the development of the mycelial form of S. schenckii in a reproducible manner
      which allowed further analysis of the early cellular events occurring during the
      yeast-to-mycelium transition. The relationship between macromolecular synthesis
      (DNA and RNA synthesis) and nuclear division, hyphal growth and septum formation
      were investigated during germ tube formation. RNA synthesis started 0 to 3 h
      after the induction of germ tube formation, followed by DNA synthesis and the
      first nuclear division, which took place between 3 and 6 h. Germ tube formation
      followed nuclear division and was first evidenced 6 h after the induction of germ
      tube formation, but was not completed until 12 h after inoculation. Septation was
      first observed in these germ tubes at the mother cell-germ tube junction 6 h
      after induction. Addition of hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, to the
      medium, also inhibited nuclear division and germ tube growth, suggesting that
      these processes in S. schenckii are dependent upon DNA synthesis.

PMID- 4023888
TI  - Contribution of complement component C5 to the pathogenesis of experimental
      murine cryptococcosis.
AB  - C5-deficient (C5-) mice succumb much sooner after intravenous inoculation with
      Cryptococcus neoformans than do C5-sufficient (C5+) mice. The C5- mice developed
      acute, fatal cryptococcal pneumonia, whereas the C5+ mice did not. The pneumonia
      was characterized by lung viable counts in C5- mice up to 1000-fold higher than
      in C5+, initial sequestration of twice as much 59Fe-labeled C. neoformans, and
      subsequent development of pulmonary edema. Chemotaxis of heterophils (PMNs) and
      mononuclear cells in response to C. neoformans was markedly greater in C5+ mice
      than in C5- animals. The effect of C5 on localization and growth of C. neoformans
      in the lung appeared to account for the disparate survival times of C5+ and C5+
      mice after intravenous inoculation with C. neoformans.

PMID- 4023889
TI  - Actuarial status of the OASI and DI Trust Funds.
AB  - This article summarizes the current financial and actuarial status of the old
      age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) program, as shown in the 1985
      Annual Report of the Board of Trustees. The Trustees note that the combined
      assets of the OASI and DI programs will be sufficient to pay OASDI benefits on
      time well into the next century based on all four sets of economic and
      demographic assumptions. Based on the pessimistic assumptions, the DI program
      could become unable to pay benefits on time by the end of 1987, but this problem
      could be prevented by a reallocation of contribution rates between the OASI and
      DI programs. For the long range--the next 75 years--the Trustees estimate that
      the OASDI program is in close actuarial balance based on intermediate assumptions
      -that is, the average annual income rate is estimated to be between 95 percent
      and 105 percent of the average annual cost rate during that period. The long
      range actuarial deficit based on the intermediate (Alternative II-B) assumptions
      represents about 3 percent of the average annual cost rate for the program.

PMID- 4023890
TI  - The role of the pathologist in the surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Appropriately extensive surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism depends upon
      accurate assessment of the extent of disease. We have believed that such
      assessement is the responsibility of the surgeon because at random biopsy with
      light microscopy the pathologist may not be able to differentiate adenoma from
      hyperplasia or even normal from abnormal glands. To test this hypothesis, three
      pathologists reviewed 50 unlabelled slides of parathyroid tissue and attempted to
      correlate them with clinical diagnoses which were based upon widely accepted
      criteria. They were asked to identify each slide as adenoma or hyperplasia, or
      both, or normal using whatever criteria they wished. A specific diagnosis of
      adenoma was correct in 35 and 83 per cent of interpretations and of hyperplasia
      in 38 and 60 per cent of interpretations. The less specific diagnosis of adenoma
      or hyperplasia (that is, abnormal tissue) was correct in 78 to 100 per cent. A
      diagnosis of normal was correct in 71 to 78 per cent. Adenoma was most likely
      confused with hyperplasia; hyperplasia was equally mistaken for adenoma or
      normal. We conclude that with random, subtotal specimens taken at biopsy
      (simulating intraoperative conditions) differentiation of adenoma from
      hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland is poor. Differentiation of normal from
      abnormal parathyroid tissue also is unreliable. Because the consequences of
      misdiagnosis are severe, pathologists should not be asked to make specific
      diagnoses intraoperatively but only to distinguish the parathyroid tissue from
      the nonparathyroid tissue.

PMID- 4023891
TI  - Retroperitoneal hematomas of traumatic origin.
AB  - The significance of retroperitoneal hematomas of traumatic origin ranges from
      inconsequential to fatal. To elucidate factors determining this significance, 203
      such instances were analyzed. In 27 patients in whom operation was not required,
      the diagnosis was established by roentgenologic studies. In 176, the diagnosis
      was made at celiotomy; in 67, retroperitoneal hematoma had ruptured into the
      abdomen and all were explored; the retroperitoneal hematoma was not disturbed in
      62 because it appeared contained and not expanding. Due to the location around
      the pancreatoduodenal region or the strong possibility of injury to a major
      vessel, 39 contained retroperitoneal hematomas and were explored. Of the 39
      deaths observed, 31 occurred in the patients admitted with shock. Twelve deaths
      were attributed to bleeding from the retroperitoneal hematoma. Retroperitoneal
      hematomas in patients who are in shock, who have peritoneal irritation or
      positive peritoneal lavage results, should undergo operation. Those
      retroperitoneal hematomas found to be contained and not expanding should not be
      opened, unless it is necessary to exclude associated injuries. Patients with
      retroperitoneal hematomas who are not in a state of shock and who have negative
      peritoneal lavage results do not need urgent operation, but require observation.

PMID- 4023892
TI  - Evaluation of the surgical treatment of chronic calcifying pancreatitis.
AB  - In the last 20 years, we have observed 264 instances of CCP. Of these, 136 (50.5
      per cent) had 171 surgical procedures. Pancreatic calcifications were present in
      83.1 per cent of the patients. One hundred and twenty-one were alcoholics (88.9
      per cent) and 15 (11.0 per cent) abstained from alcohol. The surgical indications
      involved clinical uncontrollable pain and organic complications of the disease.
      The operations performed consisted of 62 wide side to side
      pancreaticojejunostomies, with loop excluded in Roux-en-Y, 40 pancreatectomies
      and 69 other operations. The choice of operation depended upon the analysis of
      each patient. The postoperative period of observation varied from two to 198
      months, the average being 56.9 +/- 49.1 months. Thirty-five reoperations were
      performed for persistence or relapse of pain or the appearance of complications.
      Immediate post-operative complications and deaths occurred in 44 (25.7 per cent)
      and in six patients (3.5 per cent), respectively, considering the 71 operations
      performed. A satisfactory pain relief was evidenced in 61.0 per cent of the
      patients and total mortality reached 42.6 per cent. When the patients who
      underwent pancreaticojejunostomy, pancreatectomy and other operations were
      compared, no significant statistical difference was noticed with regard to the
      incidence of immediate post-operative complications and deaths, pain relief,
      appearance of diabetes or steatorrhea and mortality. There was also no
      significant difference as to the mortality among the alcoholic CCP, calcified or
      not, and idiopathic CCP (all calcified). On the other hand, the difference was
      statistically significant concerning the reoperation incidence in the group of
      patients who underwent the three types of operations mentioned. The longest
      survival time after pancreaticojejunostomy, pancreatectomy and other operations
      was 192, 137 and 198 months, respectively. The mean age at the time of death was
      44.5 +/- 10.0 years, significantly inferior to the life expectation of the
      Brazilian male, which is 62 years. The mortality was higher in the first five
      postoperative years, corresponding to 77.6 per cent of the over-all mortality.
      There was no significant difference of survival time among the groups of patients
      undergoing the different types of operations. CCP is an extremely serious
      disease, progressive in spite of adequate treatment, sensibly diminishing the
      expectation and quality of lives of those with the condition, often interfering
      with the activity and productivity of the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4023893
TI  - Prognostic indicators in femoropopliteal and distal bypass grafts.
AB  - Over a period of six years, 265 femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal bypasses were
      performed in 243 patients with infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease. The
      cumulative patency rate for all grafts was 70.9 per cent at one year, 59.3 per
      cent at three years and 48.5 per cent at five years. Femoropopliteal bypasses
      showed a significantly better patency rate than femoral infrapopliteal grafts and
      autogenous vein grafts had a significantly higher patency rate than human
      umbilical vein grafts. No demonstrable difference in patency rates was shown in
      patients with and without diabetes. Synchronous proximal and distal
      revascularization for limb salvage in properly selected patients with
      multisegmental disease achieved a cumulative patency rate of 100 per cent at two
      years with no operative deaths. Therefore, this procedure is recommended, but
      individualization of treatment rather than routine synchronous repair is urged.

PMID- 4023894
TI  - The frequent occurrence of false-positive results in phleborheography during
      pregnancy.
AB  - In this study, none of 25 pregnant women without any past history of venous
      thromboembolic disease had a positive phleborheogram sometime during their
      pregnancy or within six weeks post partum. In contrast, zero of ten nonpregnant
      women, also screened for venous thrombophlebitis, had a positive test finding
      during the same time interval. No clinical parameters, including weight gain, leg
      circumference, leg swelling, development of varicose veins, leg pain or use of
      support stockings, correlated with the occurrence of a positive test result.
      While there is conflicting evidence from other studies, our data suggest the need
      for caution in interpreting a positive phleboroheogram as an accurate indicator
      of thrombophlebitis in pregnant women.

PMID- 4023895
TI  - Choledochoduodenostomy after previous gastrectomy or duodenal operations.
AB  - Our results show choledochoduodenostomy to be safe in patients with a Billroth II
      duodenal stump or any previous duodenal operation with vascular interruption.
      These results are consistent with our use of choledochoduodenostomy as the
      preferred technique in all patients with residual stones, a dilated common duct
      or benign ampullary stenosis.

PMID- 4023896
TI  - Acute appendicitis in the elderly.
AB  - A prospective study was done on 104 patients more than 60 years old with
      appendicitis. The clinical features are by and large, similar to that of the
      younger patient. However, four patients presented atypically with abdominal
      distension with little or no pain. A statistically significant increase in
      appendiceal perforation is found in patients more than 70 years old and in
      patients with prolonged delay in operation. However, delay on the part of the
      surgeon contributed only slightly to the high appendiceal perforation as 85.6 per
      cent of patients who were operated upon within 24 hours of admission.
      Appendicitis in the elderly patient appeared to progress to perforation faster
      and perforation occurred in about 40 per cent of patients within 24 hours of
      onset of symptoms. Five patients died and 29 postoperative complications occurred
      in 24 more patients. An associated medical disease is linked to a statistically
      significant increase in mortality. Appendiceal perforation and a total delay of
      more than 37 hours are associated with a statistically significant increase in
      morbidity.

PMID- 4023897
TI  - Safer intraoperative carotid arteriography.
AB  - A new technique of intraoperative carotid arteriography after endarterectomy is
      described. Placement under direct vision of a plastic angiocatheter through the
      superior thyroid artery into the lumen of the common carotid artery facilitates
      arteriography without the potential complications of puncture of the common
      carotid artery wall.

PMID- 4023898
TI  - An electronic technique for compartment pressure measurement using the wick
      catheter.
AB  - Compartmental pressure measurement through an electromechanical process can be
      readily, accurately and inexpensively accomplished with standard hospital
      equipment. Best results will be obtained when personnel familiar with the set up
      and continued use of pressure monitoring equipment are assigned for the care and
      recording of data. The most frequently encountered problems associated with this
      technique are improper settings or inadequate calibration of pressure monitors
      and stopcocks or thrombosis of the wick catheter itself.

PMID- 4023899
TI  - A practical approach to wound care in patients with complex enterocutaneous
      fistulas.
AB  - A practical, low cost method for controlling high output enterocutaneous fistulas
      is presented herein. The technique is advantageous because it provides for
      excellent protection of the skin, is low in cost and is constructed from readily
      available materials. It is applicable to all fistulas which do not readily accept
      prefabricated base plate appliances. Its components are so simple that minimal
      time for wound care on the part of the surgeon, nursing staff or stomal therapist
      is required.

PMID- 4023900
TI  - The anterior approach to control the splenic vessels in distal pancreatectomy.

PMID- 4023901
TI  - A simple method for identifying and testing the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
AB  - Simultaneous stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and palpation of an
      impulse in the homolateral cricothyroid area was performed upon 20 patients.
      Electrical stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve with currents of 2
      milliamperes caused no postoperative deficits in any of the patients studied.
      This is a simple and reproducible method to help identify the RLN and to confirm
      that the recurrent nerve is intact and viable at the completion of a surgical
      procedure. The technique is simpler than checking cord motion at the conclusion
      of surgical procedures upon the thyroid or parathyroid glands. Due to the
      variability of the response in some of the patients, we believe that the
      procedure should be tried on more patients before it is recommended as a
      conclusive test.

PMID- 4023902
TI  - Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery associated with Arnold-Chiari type I
      malformation.
AB  - The case of a 49-year-old woman with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery
      associated with Arnold-Chiari type I malformation is reported. The hypoglossal
      artery was located on the left side. The left vertebral artery was hypoplastic,
      the right vertebral artery could not be visualized angiographically. The clinical
      significance of a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery is discussed.

PMID- 4023903
TI  - Antiestrogenic therapy of meningiomas--a pilot study.
AB  - Six patients with inoperable, nonoperative, or recurrent meningiomas were treated
      with the antiestrogenic agent tamoxifen (Nolvadex) during an 8-12-month period.
      Computer tomographic, scintigraphic, and clinical evidence of an unspecific tumor
      response was only encountered in one patient after 4 months of therapy with
      tamoxifen. The 2-year results did not indicate a favorable response to
      antiestrogenic treatment. The significance of sex-steroid receptors and their
      possible prognostic value in endocrine therapy of meningiomas is discussed.

PMID- 4023904
TI  - Multiple fungal aneurysms: report of a rare case implicating steroid as
      predisposing factor.
AB  - A 61-year-old man with a ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery
      developed hemorrhagic cerebral infarction 22 days after an operation associated
      with occlusion of the right angular artery. Angiograms further revealed
      sequential changes of intracranial vessels including progressive obstructions of
      the right anterior and middle cerebral arteries and four aneurysms on the left
      pericallosal artery. Subsequently, the patient became comatose and died. At
      autopsy the newly formed aneurysms originating from the left pericallosal artery
      were of fungal (Phycomycetes) origin and numerous nonseptate, branching hyphae
      were also seen in the obstructed cerebral arteries. Intracranial fungal aneurysms
      are reviewed in the literature and the pathogenesis in the present case is
      discussed.

PMID- 4023906
TI  - Posttraumatic parkinsonism.
AB  - Development of parkinsonian features following a blunt head injury in a 37-year
      old man is described. High definition computed tomography scan of the midbrain
      demonstrated low-density lesions in the region of substantia nigra.

PMID- 4023905
TI  - Acute bilateral epidural hematoma.
AB  - A case of acute bilateral epidural hematoma with different onsets is presented.
      The pathogenesis of the two hematomas is discussed. The importance and the limits
      of computed tomography scanning in these cases are stressed.

PMID- 4023907
TI  - Traumatic bilateral epidural hematomas presenting at different times in a patient
      with large ventricles.
AB  - In a patient with large ventricles, a huge epidural hematoma of venous origin
      developed after removal of a contralateral traumatic epidural clot which was
      produced by the tearing of the middle meningeal artery. The possible
      pathophysiologic characteristics of such hematomas are discussed.

PMID- 4023908
TI  - Neurinoma of the oculomotor nerve.
AB  - A case of intracranial neurinoma with discrete oculomotor nerve palsy and
      ipsilateral exophthalmos was reported. Review of the literature revealed that
      oculomotor palsy as the initial symptom may be pathognomonic in the neurinoma
      originating from the oculomotor nerve.

PMID- 4023909
TI  - Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with cardiac syncope. A case successfully treated by
      microvascular decompression.
AB  - A case of glossopharyngeal neuralgia associated with episodic cardiac arrest and
      syncope is presented. Posterior fossa exploration showed that the left
      glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves were compressed by the posterior inferior
      cerebellar artery. Microvascular decompression resulted in complete relief of
      glossopharyngeal neuralgia, cardiac syncope, and seizure. The mechanism of
      glossopharyngeal neuralgia associated with cardiac syncope is discussed.

PMID- 4023910
TI  - Aneurysms associated with fenestrated anterior cerebral arteries. Report of four
      cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Four cases of aneurysms associated with a fenestrated anterior cerebral artery
      are presented. The combination of aneurysms and fenestration of the anterior
      cerebral artery is rare, and nine cases including ours have been reported. In all
      cases fenestrations were found within the distal two-thirds of the horizontal
      portion of the anterior cerebral artery. It may be presumed that fenestration of
      the anterior cerebral artery is the remnant of the plexiform anastomosis in the
      fetal stage, especially between the anterior cerebral artery and the primitive
      olfactory artery.

PMID- 4023911
TI  - Traumatic homonymous hemianopsia associated with a juxtasellar hematoma after
      acute closed head injury.
AB  - A case is reported in which homonymous hemianopsia associated with a juxtasellar
      hematoma occurred as a result of an acute closed head injury. The homonymous
      hemianopsia, which was considerably improved with conservative therapy, is
      suggested to have been due to vascular insufficiency or edema, or both in the
      region of the optic tract.

PMID- 4023912
TI  - Microsurgical anatomy of the region of the foramen magnum.
AB  - The anatomy needed to plan microoperative approaches to the region of the foramen
      magnum was examined in 25 cadaveric heads. The structures examined included the
      lower cranial and upper spinal nerves, the caudal brain stem and rostral spinal
      cord, the vertebral artery and its branches, the veins and dural sinuses at the
      craniovertebral junction, and the ligaments and muscles uniting the atlas, axis,
      and occipital bone. The transoral, transpalatal, labiomandibular,
      glossolabiomandibular, transsphenoidal, transcranial-transbasal, transcervical,
      and suboccipital operative approaches to the region are also reviewed.

PMID- 4023913
TI  - Presidential address: the cost of academic citizenship.

PMID- 4023914
TI  - Inhibition of human neuroblastoma by dopamine antagonists.
AB  - The effects of dopamine agonists and antagonists were investigated in human
      neuroblastoma (HNB) tissue culture cell lines and correlated with the presence of
      specific membrane-bound dopamine-binding activity ("receptor"). In four HNB cell
      lines the dopamine antagonists domperidone, pimozide, and spiroperidol inhibited
      macromolecular synthesis in vitro as indicated by decreased 3H-TdR and 14C-leu
      incorporation in a dose-response fashion with at least 50% inhibition noted at
      10(-6)M concentration of each drug. Dopamine agonists showed no significant
      inhibition. Scatchard analysis of competitive dopamine-binding assays in all four
      HNB cell lines and in five of eight solid tumors obtained at surgery demonstrated
      high affinity, limited-capacity binding consistent with a single class of
      receptor sites with receptor concentrations (Rc) ranging from 8.8 to 26.7 pmol/gm
      wet weight of tissue with dissociation constants (KD) from 0.40 to 6.6 nmol/L,
      compared with a mean Rc of 28.1 +/- 5.2 pmol/gm wet weight of tissue and KD =
      0.38 +/- 0.09 nmol/L in receptor-rich dog caudate nucleus, the normal dopamine
      sensitive control. Survival was prolonged after inoculation of the SK-N-AS cell
      line into nude mice and subsequent domperidone administration by 50% (24 days
      after drug initiation versus 16 days in control mice). These data demonstrate
      inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in HNB by dopamine antagonists and suggest
      that dopamine receptor is associated with this inhibition. The determination of
      dopamine receptors may prove useful in the selection of dopamine antagonists as
      specific chemotherapy for patients with neuroblastoma.

PMID- 4023916
TI  - Epithelial lining methods in esophageal repair: a comparative study using pedicle
      flaps in cats.
AB  - Methods of restoring luminal lining in repair of partial-circumferential
      esophageal defects were evaluated to compare incidences of strictures and
      fistulas and quality of surface lining. In cats 50% and 67% circumferential
      esophageal defects were repaired by direct closure or pedicle flaps (latissimus
      dorsi) that were unlined (lining restored by epithelialization from wound
      margins) or that carried lining of normal skin (myocutaneous flaps), skin grafts,
      or mucosal grafts. Repairs were evaluated for esophagocutaneous fistulas, luminal
      stricture, flap luminal surface area, and quality of epithelial surface 6 weeks
      after surgery. Direct closure of 50% circumferential defects was as satisfactory
      as any flap repair method. Direct closure of 67% circumferential defects caused
      high incidences of fistulas and strictures, which were lessened by flap
      reconstructions. Among flap lining methods, normal skin (myocutaneous flaps) gave
      the lowest incidence of fistulas and strictures and the highest surface quality,
      but a high incidence of skin paddle loss occurred in this model. Split-thickness
      epithelial grafts were nearly as satisfactory as myocutaneous flaps, and less
      lining loss occurred. Epithelialization of unlined flaps gave the poorest results
      since lining was thin and often incomplete, and wound contraction produced loss
      of surface area and strictures. The findings are discussed from a perspective of
      wound healing physiology, and implications for clinical application are
      presented.

PMID- 4023915
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in human renal cell carcinoma and their use in radioimmune
      localization and therapy of tumor xenografts.
AB  - A series of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to human renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
      material was developed. Two Mabs (D5D and A6H) that showed especially restrictive
      reactivities were radiolabeled with iodine 131 and tested in nude mice bearing
      human tumor xenografts for their ability to specifically localize RCC. Extensive
      studies of tissue radioactive uptake indicated that these Mabs could specifically
      localize RCC tumors with some mice achieving high tumor:blood ratios ranging from
      15 to 60. Scintigraphic scanning revealed specific and consistent detection of
      RCC xenografts. Finally, preliminary results indicate that larger intravenous
      doses of radiolabeled RCC Mabs were effective as radioimmune therapy in
      inhibiting RCC xenograft growth. Mabs can be produced that are highly restrictive
      to human RCC and may be useful clinically for radioimmunoscintigraphy or therapy.

PMID- 4023917
TI  - Effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on gastric epithelial cell membrane
      potentials and resistances.
AB  - Intracellular microelectrode techniques were employed to examine the effects of
      16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) on Necturus antral mucosa epithelial
      cell membrane potentials and resistances. Necturus antral mucosa was mounted in a
      modified Ussing chamber and stable intracellular impalements were obtained.
      Addition of 0.01 microgram/ml dmPGE2 to the mucosal solution produced an increase
      of the apical cell membrane potential (Vmc) from -44.3 +/- 3.1 to -53.5 +/- 3.8
      mV (p less than 0.001) and of the basolateral cell membrane potential (Vcs) from 
      48.8 +/- 2.8 to -57.7 +/- 3.2 mV (p less than 0.001). This reversible, dose
      dependent hyperpolarization of both cell membranes was accompanied by a decrease
      in the electrical resistance of the apical membranes (Ra) from 2550 +/- 250
      omega/cm2 to 1870 +/- 210 omega/cm2 (p less than 0.05) and a decrease in the
      resistance of the basolateral membrane (Rb) from 1020 +/- 250 omega/cm2 to 630 +/
      80 omega/cm2 (p less than 0.05). In addition, there was an increase in the
      resistance of the shunt (intercellular junction, Rs), the major route of
      transepithelial ion flow, from 710 +/- 60 omega/cm2 to 750 +/- 80 omega/cm2 (p
      less than 0.05). Thus dmPGE2 increased the cell membrane potentials and reduced
      the ionic permeability of the intercellular junction.

PMID- 4023918
TI  - Comparison of gastric mucosal blood flow as measured by H2 gas clearance and
      microspheres during secretory stimulation and inhibition.
AB  - H2 clearance is a recently described method of measuring gastric mucosal blood
      flow that has great potential for clinical use. However, the effects of luminal
      pH and of secretory activity of the gastric mucosa on the accuracy of H2
      clearance measurements have not been systematically examined. We therefore tested
      the validity of H2 clearance measurements at different pHs in both in vitro and
      in vivo systems. In addition, we compared measurements by H2 clearance and
      radioactive microspheres during stimulation and suppression of acid secretion. In
      vitro, H2 washout was relatively constant over a range of pHs from 2.0 to 8.0. In
      chambered segments of canine fundus in vivo, H2 clearance was not significantly
      affected by pH of the luminal solutions either in the resting state or at lower
      blood flows induced during infusion of vasopressin. Finally, there was a close
      correlation (r = 0.85; p less than 0.001) between H2 clearance and microsphere
      measurements under resting conditions, during intravenous histamine stimulation,
      and after infusion of cimetidine to suppress acid secretion. In summary, H2
      clearance reliably and accurately measures gastric mucosal blood flow at
      different luminal pHs and under conditions that stimulate or suppress acid
      secretion.

PMID- 4023919
TI  - Decreased wound neutrophils and indiscrete margination in the pathogenesis of
      wound infection.
AB  - To assess the pathogenesis of increased susceptibility to infection and septic
      death in a rat model, neutrophils (PMNs) in the wound, circulating PMNs, and
      their in vivo activity were evaluated after 30% and 60% burns. Eight hours after
      injury there were twice as many PMNs in the wounds of rats that sustained 30%
      compared with 60% burns. There was no difference between these two groups in the
      number of circulating PMNs at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after injury. In vivo
      evaluation of PMN response to infusion of F-Met-Leu-Phe revealed that circulating
      PMNs were more sensitive 4 hours after 60% burns compared with sham burns. At
      this time PMNs were found to be less sensitive to zymosan-activated serum
      infusion after 30% burns compared with sham burns. However, the PMNs in rats with
      30% burns were more sensitive to this stimulus than were PMNs in rats with 60%
      injuries. Thus rats with greater injury, known to be more susceptible to wound
      infection, have fewer PMNs in their wounds 8 hours after injury. This is preceded
      by an increased sensitivity of PMNs in vivo to bacterial chemotactic factor and a
      relative increase in sensitivity to wound factors. This unusual finding
      implicates indiscrete margination as a factor in the pathogenesis of infection.

PMID- 4023920
TI  - Importance of the ileum in neurotensin released by fat.
AB  - Neurotensin is a potent stimulant of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Ileal mucosa
      is the storage site for about 90% of total neurotensin. Release occurs rapidly
      after a fatty meal and during perfusion of the duodenum and jejunum with fat but
      not during perfusion of the ileum with fat. To determine the origin of
      neurotensin released after fat stimulation, we studied the pattern of release of
      neurotensin before and after resection of the distal two thirds of the small
      bowel. Six dogs with gastric and duodenal fistulas were studied on different
      days. All dogs received infusions (in random order) of intraduodenal corn oil
      (Lipomul) (3 ml/kg/hr) and intravenous calcium chloride (0.36 mmol/kg intravenous
      bolus, followed by 0.36 mmol/kg/hr infusion) before and 6 weeks after resection
      of the distal two thirds of the small bowel with preservation of the ileocecal
      valve. Plasma levels of neurotensin were measured by specific radioimmunoassay.
      We found that release of neurotensin, in response to both intraduodenal Lipomul
      and intravenous calcium chloride stimulation, was abolished by resection of the
      distal small bowel. Before surgery, Lipomul-stimulated release of neurotensin
      rose to a peak concentration of 51 +/- 17 pg/ml at 30 minutes. After surgery
      there was no release (the levels were unchanged from basal). Before surgery,
      intravenous calcium chloride produced a peak release of neurotensin (52 +/- 15
      pg/ml) 2 minutes after bolus injection. After surgery, neurotensin was not
      released by intravenous calcium. We conclude that the source of neurotensin
      released by perfusion of the proximal gut and by intravenous calcium infusion is
      the ileum. The release of neurotensin from the distal gut appears to be dependent
      on a signal from proximal to distal gut. The identity of the signal is unknown
      but is either a nerve reflex or a peptide agent.

PMID- 4023921
TI  - Surgical sympathectomy increases pancreatic polypeptide response to food.
AB  - Numerous studies in man and animals suggest that beta-adrenergic receptors
      stimulate pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release whereas alpha-adrenergic receptors
      inhibit PP release. This study was undertaken to further clarify the role of the
      adrenergic nervous system in regulating PP release. We evaluated the effects of
      stellatectomy and celiacectomy on resting and meat meal-stimulated PP release in
      the dog. PP release was studied in three stages--control, poststellatectomy, and
      poststellatectomy plus celiacectomy in five dogs. The meat meal caused a prompt
      and prolonged increase in plasma levels of PP. Stellatectomy did not alter the
      control PP response. However, celiacectomy increased basal and peak PP levels and
      enhanced the early and late phases of delta-integrated PP release. The data
      suggest that the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia are the main source of
      the adrenergic innervation of the pancreas and that this innervation is primarily
      an inhibitor of PP release.

PMID- 4023922
TI  - Protein synthesis in the tumor-influenced hepatocyte.
AB  - Total body protein turnover is elevated in the Fischer 344 rat bearing a
      subcutaneous transplantable methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma. To assess the
      contribution of the liver, we have measured protein synthesis by hepatocytes
      freshly isolated from tumor-bearing animals over a range of tumor burdens and
      from sham-inoculated nontumor bearers. Synthetic rates of total hepatocyte
      protein were more than twofold greater in hepatocytes from tumor-bearing animals
      (P less than 0.005) and the increase was proportional to the tumor burden in
      individual animals (n = 19; r = 0.68; p less than 0.005). When compared with pair
      fed nontumor bearers, the differences in rates of total hepatocyte protein
      synthesis reached statistical significance only when the tumor burden exceeded 5%
      of total body weight. The stimulation in synthetic rates applied equally to
      secretory and nonsecretory hepatocyte protein. Furthermore, a lack of net protein
      accrual in the livers of tumor-bearing animals suggests a concomitant increase in
      the rate of hepatic protein degradation.

PMID- 4023923
TI  - Declining role of frozen section in surgical planning for thyroid nodules.
AB  - Needle biopsy (Bx) is superior to clinical selection of thyroid nodules for
      surgery. Is it superior to frozen section (FS) for surgical planning? Comparison
      of accuracy of the two procedures was made for 359 patients who underwent both
      procedures. Bx diagnoses consistent with a low risk of cancer predict a benign
      lesion at surgery with 90% accuracy. FS on the same patients was also 90%
      reliable in identifying benign or malignant nodules. Bx diagnoses consistent with
      a high risk of cancer predict a malignant lesion at surgery with 91% accuracy. FS
      on the same patients identified only 70% of the cancers. However, false positive
      diagnoses of cancer were less by FS. Bx diagnoses on nodules with an intermediate
      risk of cancer (32% to 43%) were insufficiently sensitive for reliable surgical
      planning. FS on the same nodules was also unreliable. Only three of 359 FS
      diagnoses contributed decisively to surgical planning. Reliance on Bx could
      eliminate as many as 99% of FSs.

PMID- 4023924
TI  - Portacaval shunt in the treatment of primary Budd-Chiari syndrome.
AB  - We have performed a side-to-side portacaval shunt as the treatment of choice in
      six cases of primary Budd-Chiari syndrome. All the patients (three men and three
      women, mean age 33 years) had marked hepatomegaly and massive ascites. Four
      patients had endoscopically proved esophageal varices with no episodes of
      bleeding. Preoperative angiographic studies, caval pressure measurement,
      laparoscopy, liver biopsy specimens, liver scanning, and liver function tests
      confirmed the diagnosis. A possible etiologic factor was evident in only two
      cases. A plain side-to-side portacaval shunt was performed in four patients,
      while two required the interposition of a graft. One patient died after surgery
      of hepatorenal syndrome. Four of the surviving patients are free of ascites and
      doing well at 29, 27, 25, and 6 months. The remaining patient subsequently
      developed cirrhosis and died 76 months after surgery. None of the patients who
      survived developed encephalopathy. Shunt patency was confirmed endoscopically by
      variceal decompression in the four patients with esophageal varices. We believe
      the side-to-side portacaval shunt is a reliable and effective procedure for the
      definitive management of primary budd-Chiari syndrome.

PMID- 4023925
TI  - Herpes simplex burn wound infections: epidemiology of a case cluster and
      responses to acyclovir therapy.
AB  - Nosocomial transmission of herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been described in
      intensive care units. A cluster of three patients with HSV wound infections
      within a 6-week period prompted temporary closure of a burn unit and suggested
      nosocomial cross infection. However, restriction endonuclease "fingerprint"
      analysis of the HSV isolates showed them to be genetically and therefore
      epidemiologically unrelated. This report describes these cases and the use of
      intravenous acyclovir in the treatment of HSV burn wound infections.

PMID- 4023926
TI  - Contribution of circulating formed elements to prostanoid production in
      complement-mediated lung injury in sheep.
AB  - Incubation of plasma with zymosan results in complement activation. Infusion of
      this "zymosan-activated plasma" (ZAP) into the superior vena cava in sheep
      results in pulmonary leukostasis, pulmonary hypertension with generation of
      thromboxane (TXB), and hypoxemia. To examine the contribution of circulating
      formed elements to TXB generated when ZAP is infused, we studied four pairs of
      sheep in a cross-circulation model. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) irreversibly
      acetylates cyclooxygenase and blocks TXB production. Four hours after an
      intravenous dose of ASA (10 mg/kg), no circulating ASA was detectable by high
      pressure liquid chromatography. Infusion of ZAP in ASA-treated animals resulted
      in no pulmonary hypertension and no rise in serum TXB levels. Treated animals
      were then cross-circulated with untreated sheep through cannulas that attached a
      carotid artery of each animal to a jugular vein of the other, creating
      simultaneous arteriovenous fistulas between the animals. A roller pump maintained
      cross-circulation flow at 450 ml/min for 15 minutes. This resulted in greater
      than 80% mixing of the circulating blood volumes of each pair of animals,
      verified by measurement of an intravascular marker. After cross-circulation the
      ASA-treated animals were still unable to generate TXB in response to ZAP
      infusion. Untreated animals had a typical response when infused with ZAP after
      cross-circulation, with elaboration of large amounts of TXB. Since the treated
      animals with circulating, nonaspirinated formed elements showed no response and
      the untreated animals with similar blood composition had a normal response, we
      conclude that circulating formed elements do not contribute significantly to the
      TXB recovered from sheep infused with activated complement components.

PMID- 4023927
TI  - Injection corrosion technique.

PMID- 4023928
TI  - [Irradiation of lymphogranulomatosis patients with large fields of complex
      configuration, calculating absorbed doses by microcomputer].
AB  - The authors demonstrated advantages of irradiating lymphogranulomatosis patients
      with large fields of complex configuration. The use of computer eliminates the
      difficulties of dosage calculation. Application for these purposes of the 15 VUMS
      28 unit based on the microcomputer "Elektronika-60" is suggested. Algorithm of
      the dosage calculation program is presented. The program is drawn up according to
      the GOST so that it can be used by other institutions concerned.

PMID- 4023929
TI  - [Age-related aspects of intensive therapy of acute poisoning of chemical
      etiology].
AB  - Assay of the clinical course of poisoning with acetic acid, dichloroethane,
      carbophos, chlorophos, phenobarbital and sodium etaminal in 2538 patients made it
      possible to define, with the use of the probit analysis, the 25, 50, 75 and 95%
      concentration thresholds of the lethality in acute poisonings with acetic acid,
      carbophos and dichloroethane. It was established that under exposure to the toxic
      substances undergoing different chemical changes in the body, the increase of the
      lethality risk varied in different age groups. The differences in the structure
      of outcomes in patients of different age groups formed the basis for making up a
      classification of the toxicity of the chemical compounds. The differences
      revealed require a differential approach to the determination of the scope of
      intensive care of poisonings in terms of the age-associated features.

PMID- 4023930
TI  - [Croup in toxic forms of diphtheria in adults].
AB  - Toxic patterns of diphtheria of the fauces in adults are characterized by
      laryngeal lesions which considerably deteriorate the disease prognosis. The
      clinical manifestations of diphtheric croup may be unpronounced in such cases and
      be masked by other severe disease symptoms. If patients with toxic diphtheria
      develop croup, the necessity of surgical treatment arises at earlier times as
      compared with cases of isolated croup.

PMID- 4023931
TI  - [Autoimmune reactions of the humoral type in viral hepatitis].
AB  - Antibodies against antigens of hepatocyte cell membranes are formed in half the
      patients with hepatitis A and B in one-third of those with pseudotuberculosis.
      They occur in the period preceding the patients' convalescence rather than in the
      acute stage of the disease. The recovery of hepatitis patients in whom liver
      antibodies formed ensued significantly more rapidly than in persons with no
      autoantibodies. Antibodies against antigens of hepatocyte cell membranes were
      detectable in different clinical disease patterns. They did not influence the
      disease progress and witnessed hepatocyte injuries not only in the icteric but
      also in scarlatiniform and and abdominal disease patterns.

PMID- 4023932
TI  - [Isoenzymes in patients with protracted viral hepatitis and their significance in
      the clinical course of the disease].

PMID- 4023933
TI  - [Corinfar in the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome in systemic scleroderma
      (preliminary results)].
AB  - Twenty patients with systemic scleroderma (SSD) and Raynaud's syndrome (RS)
      received 30-80 mg of corinfar, a blocker of calcium channels, during 14 days.
      Seventeen patients responded to the treatment. The clinical effect was manifested
      by a decrease in the rate, duration and intensity of RS attacks. Side effects
      were recorded in 6 patients, but the drug was discontinued only in 2 patients
      because of the allergic reactions. During treatment, the patients showed an
      increase in tissue blood flow parameters. Corinfar may be regarded a drug of
      choice in the treatment of marked RS in SSD.

PMID- 4023935
TI  - [Various prognoses of possible medical consequences of using nuclear weapons].

PMID- 4023934
TI  - [Infarction-pneumonia in acute allergic reaction to levomycetin].

PMID- 4023936
TI  - [Secondary pneumonia--an old and new problem].

PMID- 4023937
TI  - [Current principles of development of emergency therapy].

PMID- 4023938
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course and therapy of status asthmaticus].
AB  - The increase in the incidence of the status asthmaticus seen over the last years
      is caused by the growth of the prevalence and a graver course of bronchial
      asthma. In each specific case, the therapy should be strictly individualized and
      rest on the dynamic evaluation of the cardiorespiratory system. The majority of
      patients with a history of the status asthmaticus show a tendency toward its
      recurrence. The dispensary follow up of patients by means of the allergological
      rooms plays an important role in the prevention of the development of the status
      asthmaticus. The clinical manifestations of the status asthmaticus depend to a
      considerable degree on the previously applied treatment.

PMID- 4023939
TI  - [Bronchial asthma as a form of pathological adaptation to a microsocial
      environment].

PMID- 4023940
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of various methods of immunosuppressive therapy in severe
      bronchial asthma].
AB  - Altogether 216 patients with grave infection-dependent (49.5%) and autoimmune
      (50.5%) bronchial asthma received 311 courses of immunosuppressant therapy, with
      follow up periods up to 8 years. According to the clinico-immunologic data the
      patients were distributed into 4 groups. The basic drugs were (1) azathioprin,
      (2) azathioprin and prednisolone, (3) prednisolone, (4) delagil combined with
      heparin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid. Evaluation of the sort-term results of the
      treatment showed that the highest percentage of a clinical remission was attained
      with basic therapy including azathioprin combined with delagil and heparin. The
      immunosuppressants produced side effects in 14.2-31.3% of patients. These effects
      (dyspepsia, cytopenia, allergy) were of transitory nature. The long-term results
      were worse as compared with the short-term ones. The lethality for the whole
      group of patients amounted to 10.1%. It was caused by the status asthmaticus and
      cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Indications and contraindications for use of
      immunosuppressant therapy are provided.

PMID- 4023941
TI  - [Dynamics of blood fibronectin level in myocardial infarction].
AB  - The fibronectin level in the blood of patients with myocardial infarction was
      measured at varying times from the onset of an angina pectoris attack in order to
      elucidate the diagnostic importance of blood fibronectin. At the same time these
      patients were examined over time for the blood content of myoglobin, MB creatine
      kinase protein and C-reactive protein playing a well-known role in the diagnosis.
      The blood concentrations of these substances reached the maximal values at
      different times of myocardial infarction. The mean concentrations of fibronectin
      in the blood of patients with myocardial infarction ranged within normal starting
      from the first till the 28th day since the onset of an angina pectoris attack.
      Moreover, the mean blood fibronectin level in myocardial infarction patients did
      not differ within the first-third days since the disease onset from that in
      patients with a clinical picture of unstable angina pectoris which was not
      accompanied by the development of myocardial infarction. Based on the data
      obtained it is concluded that measurement of blood fibronectin level does not
      play any diagnostic role in myocardial infarction. On the other hand, progressive
      increase in blood fibronectin level throughout 4 weeks starting from the 3d day
      of the disease and a significantly higher fibronectin content on the 28th day as
      compared with that on the 3d day is likely to mirror the activity of repair
      processes occurring in the myocardium.

PMID- 4023942
TI  - [Knowledge of internal diseases in the wounded--a major achievement of Soviet
      internists during World War II].

PMID- 4023943
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in the evaluation of healing of myocardial infarction].
AB  - The authors studied the time-course of lipid peroxidation with special reference
      to malonic dialdehyde in blood serum comparatively to the time-course of uricemia
      in 189 patients with acute large-focal myocardial infarction. It was established
      that the time-course of malonic aldehyde and uric acid is characterized by a
      consistent increase which reaches the maximal values at the height of the
      destructive phase of myocardial infarction as well as by the differences in
      uncomplicated and complicated healing. The joint index of destruction was
      developed, permitting one to compare the concentrations of malonic dialdehyde and
      uric acid in blood serum and to exercise an efficacious biochemical "tracing" of
      the healing.

PMID- 4023944
TI  - [Utilization of active forms of oxygen and lipoperoxides in the blood of patients
      with myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4023945
TI  - [Retrospective evaluation of indicators of cardiospecific blood isoenzyme
      activity in patients with stenocardia and primary and recurrent myocardial
      infarction].
AB  - Comparatively moderate blood fermentemia (KPK, AST, KPK-MB and LDH1) exceeding
      the level of the statistic M + 1S index in the control group and lasting over 3
      to 7 days can be viewed as one of the diagnostic criteria of the preinfarction
      state. The lack of the correlation between the enzymatic characteristics and the
      data on blood myoglobin concentration and precordial cartography readings (ECG 35
      leads) makes the use of the latter two methods more preferable in the evaluation
      of the area of necrosis in patients with repeated myocardial infarctions and
      requires a more careful approach to the prognosis of complications in this
      patients' group.

PMID- 4023946
TI  - [Determining the area of myocardial damage by the method of sectorial scanning
      and its value for prognosis of the outcome of acute myocardial infarction].
AB  - The authors describe a method for measuring the myocardial injury area, and show
      the prognostic value of the latter based on examination of 100 patients admitted
      to the Cardioresuscitation Department with a diagnosis of acute transmural or
      large-focal myocardial infarction. The lifetime evaluation data of the IM size by
      means of two-dimensional echocardiography were in a good agreement (r = 0.85)
      with the morbid anatomy data. Determination of the injury size and ejection was
      found to be the most informative method for predicting an outcome of acute
      myocardial infarction. The use of the different combinations of the prognostic
      signs expands the possibilities of the given method and makes it possible to
      screen patients with a high risk of a lethal outcome and development of
      complications on the basis of the primary care at the early disease stage.

PMID- 4023947
TI  - [Rupture of the interventricular septum associated with myocardial infarction of
      the left and right ventricles].
AB  - Based on observation over 7 patients with interventricular septum rupture
      associated with myocardial infarction of the left and right ventricles the
      authors assume a pathogenetic relationship between interventricular septum
      rupture and right ventricle involvement into the process. The dependence between
      the disease prognosis and right ventricle function is discussed.

PMID- 4023948
TI  - [Evaluation of myocardial reserve in patients with post-infarction heart
      aneurysm].
AB  - The author examined 22 patients with postinfarction heart aneurysm to evaluate
      the myocardial reserves of the preserved myocardium with the use of the
      strophanthine test. The time-course of changes in the central hemodynamics,
      contractile function and segmental myocardial contractility of the left ventricle
      was evaluated. It was disclosed that the positive inotropic effect of
      strophanthine depends on the degree of the atherosclerotic lesions of the
      coronary arteries supplying blood to the zone of the preserved myocardium. In
      patients with postinfarction heart aneurysm and multiple demonstrable lesions of
      the coronary artery, administration of strophanthine brought about the
      deterioration of myocardial contractility of the left ventricle. No relationship
      was found between the initial status of the hemodynamics and the inotropic effect
      of strophanthine.

PMID- 4023949
TI  - [Analysis of the structure of cardiac rhythm in atrial flutter].
AB  - Heart rhythm was studied by computer in 67 patients with atrial flutter of
      different etiology. It was discovered that respiratory activity has an influence
      on the conduction of atrial flutter waves to the ventricles. In the majority of
      cases, the conduction of atrial waves to the ventricles is multiple with a
      constant conduction ratio. However, in some cases the conduction of atrial
      flutter waves via the atrioventricular system occurs according to the Samoilov
      Wenckebach periodicals. In the latter case and in atrial flutter with a
      conduction ratio of 4:1, one-third of patients manifest, after the recovery of
      the sinus rhythm, atrioventricular blockade, grade 1.

PMID- 4023950
TI  - Coevolution of competing species: ecological character displacement.
AB  - Character displacement of competing species is studied. A model, originally
      developed by MacArthur and Levins (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 51 (1964), 1207
      1210) and further analyzed by Lawlor and Maynard Smith (Amer. Nat. 110 (1976), 70
      99), has been reanalyzed. In the present paper, a more formally correct analysis
      of the MacArthur-Levins model is provided. A standard population genetics
      approach to sexually reproducing populations is adopted. The same conclusion as
      proposed by Lawlor and Maynard Smith emerges; competition can lead only to
      character divergence. In our analysis we either require that allopatrically
      evolved consumer populations must be able to coexist at an ecologically stable
      equilibrium (hence, we require mutual invasibility), or consider the feasibility
      of allopatric equilibria.

PMID- 4023951
TI  - Confidence intervals for demographic projections based on products of random
      matrices.
AB  - This work is concerned with the growth of age-structured populations whose vital
      rates vary stochastically in time and with the provision of confidence intervals.
      In this paper a model Yt + 1(omega) = Xt + 1(omega) Yt(omega) is considered,
      where Yt is the (column) vector of the numbers of individuals in each age class
      at time t, X is a matrix of vital rates, and omega refers to a particular
      realization of the process that produces the vital rates. It is assumed that (Xi)
      is a stationary sequence of random matrices with nonnegative elements and that
      there is an integer n0 such that any product Xj + n0...Xj + 1Xj has all its
      elements positive with probability one. Then, under mild additional conditions,
      strong laws of large numbers and central limit results are obtained for the
      logarithms of the components of Yt. Large-sample estimators of the parameters in
      these limit results are derived. From these, confidence intervals on population
      growth and growth rates can be constructed. Various finite-sample estimators are
      studied numerically. The estimators are then used to study the growth of the
      striped bass population breeding in the Potomac River of the eastern United
      States.

PMID- 4023952
TI  - Mortality and aging in a heterogeneous population: a stochastic process model
      with observed and unobserved variables.
AB  - Various multivariate stochastic process models have been developed to represent
      human physiological aging and mortality. These efforts are extended by
      considering the effects of observed and unobserved state variables on the age
      trajectory of physiological parameters. This is done by deriving the Kolmogorov
      Fokker-Planck equations describing the distribution of the unobserved state
      variables conditional on the history of the observed state variables. Given some
      assumptions, it is proved that the distribution is Gaussian. Strategies for
      estimating the parameters of the distribution are suggested based on an extension
      of the theory of Kalman filters to include systematic mortality selection.
      Various empirical applications of the model to studies of human aging and
      mortality as well as to other types of "failure" processes in heterogeneous
      populations are discussed.

PMID- 4023953
TI  - The effect of long time delays in predator-prey systems.
AB  - Past studies have indicated that a time delay longer than the natural period of a
      system will generally cause instability; however here it is shown that including
      long maturational time delays in a general predator-prey model need not have this
      effect. In each of the three cases studied (a predator delay, a prey delay, and
      both), local stability can persevere despite the presence of arbitrarily long
      time delays. This perseverence depends upon an interaction between delayed and
      undelayed features of the model. Delayed processes always act to destabilize the
      model. For example, prey self-regulation, usually a source of stability, becomes
      destabilizing if subject to a long delay. However, the effect of such a delay is
      offset by undelayed regulatory processes, such as a stabilizing functional
      response. In addition, the adverse effects of delayed predator recruitment can be
      reduced by the nonreproductive component of the numerical response, a feature not
      usually involved in determining stability. Finally, it is shown that long time
      delays are not necessarily more disruptive than short delays; it cannot be
      assumed that lengthening a time delay progressively reduces stability.

PMID- 4023954
TI  - The interaction of genetic drift and mutation with selection in a fluctuating
      environment.
AB  - The interaction of genetic drift, mutation, and selection in a random environment
      is investigated using an asymptotic analysis based on assumptions of weak
      mutation and strong selection. It is shown that genetic drift can be a potent
      force for removing variation from the population when the random environment
      tends to occasionally push alleles down to low frequencies.

PMID- 4023955
TI  - Philosophy of medicine in the Netherlands.

PMID- 4023956
TI  - The philosophy of medicine in Europe: challenges for the future.

PMID- 4023957
TI  - Philosophy of medicine in the Federal Republic of Germany (1945-1984).

PMID- 4023958
TI  - Philosophy of medicine in Scandinavia.

PMID- 4023959
TI  - Philosophy of medicine in Austria.

PMID- 4023960
TI  - Prevention of admission and continuity of care.

PMID- 4023961
TI  - [Infections of the hand--epidemiology].

PMID- 4023962
TI  - [Infections of the hand--from the viewpoint of National Swiss Accident
      Insurance].

PMID- 4023963
TI  - [Fungal infections of the hand].

PMID- 4023964
TI  - [Rare infections in hand surgery--with the exception of mycoses and parasitoses].

PMID- 4023965
TI  - [Acute suppurative infections of the hand--clinical examination technic and
      therapeutic indications].

PMID- 4023966
TI  - [Infections of the hand--principles of general surgical technic].

PMID- 4023967
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy and preventive measures against rabies and tetanus in
      infections of the hand].

PMID- 4023968
TI  - [Principles of follow-up care in finger infections].

PMID- 4023969
TI  - [Wound infection after blunt, ragged-edged hand injuries--risk of functional
      impairment, prevention].

PMID- 4023970
TI  - [Indications for determining the plasma level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D].

PMID- 4023971
TI  - [Treatment of hypercalcemia].

PMID- 4023972
TI  - [Practical approach to renal lithiasis--diagnostic and therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 4023973
TI  - Contaminated humidifiers and the lung.

PMID- 4023974
TI  - Occupational asthma in a factory with a contaminated humidifier.
AB  - Thirty five printers who had work related wheeze, chest tightness, or
      breathlessness kept two hourly records of their peak expiratory flow for at least
      two weeks. They all worked in a factory supplied by air from contaminated
      humidifiers. The peak flow records showed consistent work related deterioration
      in 15 workers, nine of whom had a diurnal variation in peak flow exceeding 20%.
      Ten workers kept further records after the humidifiers had been cleaned, other
      work practices remaining unchanged. There was substantial improvement in all 10
      workers, implying that material from the contaminated humidifier was the cause of
      the work related changes in peak flow. The patterns of work related changes in
      peak flow fell into four groups: falls maximal on the first work day, falls
      maximal midweek, falls equivalent each work day, and falls progressive throughout
      the working week. Three quarters of this last group had immediate prick test
      responses to humidifier antigen, which were negative in all the others with work
      related changes in peak flow. This suggests that the progressive daily
      deterioration pattern alone is due to an IgE mediated response to humidifier
      antigens. A large range of microorganisms was identified in the humidifiers. No
      single microorganism appeared to be the antigen responsible for the precipitating
      antibody seen in 75% of the study population.

PMID- 4023975
TI  - Occupational asthma due to formaldehyde.
AB  - Bronchial provocation studies on 15 workers occupationally exposed to
      formaldehyde are described. The results show that formaldehyde exposure can cause
      asthmatic reactions, and suggest that these are sometimes due to hypersensitivity
      and sometimes to a direct irritant effect. Three workers had classical
      occupational asthma caused by formaldehyde fumes, which was likely to be due to
      hypersensitivity, with late asthmatic reactions following formaldehyde exposure.
      Six workers developed immediate asthmatic reactions, which were likely to be due
      to a direct irritant effect as the reactions were shorter in duration than those
      seen after soluble allergen exposure and were closely related to histamine
      reactivity. The breathing zone concentrations of formaldehyde required to elicit
      these irritant reactions (mean 4.8 mg/m3) were higher than those encountered in
      buildings recently insulated with urea formaldehyde foam, but within levels
      sometimes found in industry.

PMID- 4023976
TI  - Airway responsiveness to histamine in man: effect of atropine on in vivo and in
      vitro comparison.
AB  - Airway responsiveness to histamine in man may be determined by the smooth muscle
      sensitivity to histamine or to the interaction between vagal nerve input and
      smooth muscle sensitivity. We have compared in vivo responsiveness to histamine
      with in vitro smooth muscle sensitivity to histamine in 20 non-asthmatic patients
      and one asthmatic patient undergoing thoracic surgery. Histamine responsiveness
      was assessed in the first 10 non-asthmatics without atropine pretreatment, in the
      second 10 after atropine pretreatment, and in the asthmatic patient both with and
      without atropine. In vivo responsiveness was also measured in 10 normal subjects
      and 10 asthmatic patients not undergoing surgery. Results were expressed as the
      provocation concentration (PC) causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20FEV1) and
      in specific airways conductance of 35% (PC35SGaw), and in terms of maximal
      expiratory flow at 35% vital capacity, measured from the partial (V35(P] and
      complete (V35(C] flow volume curves of 35% (PC35V35(P); PC35V35(C]. In vitro
      smooth muscle sensitivity to histamine of bronchial tissue obtained at
      thoracotomy was expressed as the concentration causing a 50% maximum contraction
      (EC50) and as the maximum tension generated. There was considerable variation
      between patients in the in vivo responsiveness but a relatively narrow range for
      in vitro responses. There was no significant correlation between in vivo
      responsiveness, either with or without atropine pretreatment, and in vitro
      results. The asthmatic patient showed hyperresponsiveness in vivo but but not in
      vitro. These results suggest that in vitro airway smooth muscle sensitivity to
      histamine is not the sole determinant of in vivo airway responsiveness and that
      this lack of relationship is not explained by the influence of vagal nerve input
      on in vivo measurements. The results in the asthmatic patient suggest that airway
      hyperresponsiveness may be an in vivo phenomenon which is not related to a
      primary abnormality of airway smooth muscle.

PMID- 4023978
TI  - Incidence of sarcoidosis in the Isle of Man.
AB  - The incidence of sarcoidosis in a clearly defined island community has been
      determined in a seven year study. Special efforts were made to identify all
      cases, including those presenting to their general practitioners with only minor
      symptoms. A mean incidence of 14.7 per 100 000 per annum has been found in the
      years 1977-83 compared with an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100 000 in the
      preceding 15 years, when no specific attempts were made to identify sufferers
      from sarcoidosis. The lower figure is similar to the reported incidence in the
      United Kingdom and the difference is considered to be due to increased detection
      of cases during the study period. These findings suggest that a large proportion
      of cases of sarcoidosis in a general population may not be recorded in a
      registration system.

PMID- 4023977
TI  - Role of airway receptors in the breathing pattern of patients with chronic
      obstructive lung disease.
AB  - To determine whether airway receptors are responsible for the rapid, shallow
      breathing pattern seen in hypercapnic chronic obstructive lung disease, 10
      patients underwent upper airway anaesthesia with inhaled lignocaine in a placebo
      controlled study. There was a significant reduction in breathing frequency after
      lignocaine (p less than 0.001) that was due to an increase in expiratory time (p
      less than 0.001). The inspiratory time remained unchanged, but tidal volume
      increased significantly (p less than 0.02). It is concluded that, while airway
      receptors may have a role in determining the frequency of breathing in chronic
      obstructive lung disease, other factors are responsible for the reduced
      inspiratory time.

PMID- 4023979
TI  - Effect of aminophylline on the human diaphragm.
AB  - The effect of intravenous aminophylline on the contractile function of the
      diaphragm was studied in four normal subjects. The contractility of the diaphragm
      was assessed by the measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) after right
      phrenic nerve stimulation at 1 Hz. Pdi was measured before and during
      aminophylline infusion (6 mg/kg over 30 minutes), during which therapeutic
      concentrations of theophylline were attained (mean 13.8 mg/l, range 8.5-20.2).
      The Pdi achieved was not affected by aminophylline. This result suggests that
      theophylline at therapeutic concentrations has little effect on the contractility
      of the normal human diaphragm.

PMID- 4023981
TI  - Leiomyomas of the lower respiratory tract.
AB  - Leiomyomas account for about 2% of benign tumours of the lower respiratory tract.
      From the relatively few cases reported in the literature, it appears that these
      tumours most commonly occur in the fourth decade, although one third of patients
      are under the age of 20 years. The distribution of leiomyomas favours the distal
      part of the tracheobronchial tree and the most common site for tracheal lesions
      is the membranous portion of the lower third. Over 90% of pulmonary parenchymal
      leiomyomas, which themselves are more common in women, are incidental findings on
      chest radiographs whereas bronchial lesions are important causes of irreversible
      lung damage. Tracheal lesions may present as bronchial asthma. Accurate early
      diagnosis rests on a high index of clinical suspicion and histological
      examination of bronchoscopic biopsy specimens or frozen section material obtained
      at exploratory thoracotomy. Treatment could be conservative surgery, but 65% of
      reported cases have been managed by lobectomy or pneumonectomy as a result of
      advanced irreversible lung disease or unawareness of the benign nature of the
      lesion.

PMID- 4023980
TI  - Abnormalities of the lungs and thoracic cage in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
AB  - Twenty patients with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, (10 type I, six type II, and
      four type IV) were studied to assess the frequency of respiratory abnormalities
      in this condition. Five patients (25%) had had at least one episode of
      haemoptysis, but none had any defect of coagulation. There was a high frequency
      of recurrent sinusitis, notably in those with the type I syndrome. Two patients
      had bullous lung disease, one of whom (type IV) had had three pneumothoraces and
      subsequent pleurodesis; he also had tracheomegaly (the Mounier-Kuhn abnormality).
      Minor skeletal abnormalities such as pectus excavatum were common, particularly
      in patients with type IV disease. Three patients had the straight back syndrome.
      There were no consistent spirometric or lung volume abnormalities, but eight
      patients (40%) had a raised gas transfer coefficient (Kco), possibly due to an
      increased intrapulmonary vascular volume. Two other patients had very low values
      of Kco that were unexplained.

PMID- 4023982
TI  - Radiographic changes in humidifier fever.

PMID- 4023983
TI  - Severe steroid responsive pneumonitis associated with pyoderma gangrenosum and
      ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 4023984
TI  - Multiple microscopic pulmonary arteriovenous connections in the lungs presenting
      as cyanosis.

PMID- 4023985
TI  - Pulmonary function in aluminium smelters.

PMID- 4023986
TI  - Occupational asthma due to heated freon.

PMID- 4023987
TI  - Plombage in the 1980s.

PMID- 4023988
TI  - Laser therapy in 100 tracheobronchial tumours.
AB  - One hundred patients with tracheobronchial tumours were treated with the
      neodymium YAG (yttrium-aluminium-garnet) or argon laser for symptoms of airways
      obstruction caused by tumour (59 cases), complete collapse of a lung (17 cases),
      or recurrent haemoptysis (24 cases). Seventy four of them had relapsed or failed
      to respond to radiotherapy or chemotherapy and all were inoperable. Objective
      improvement in results of lung function tests or haemoptysis diary charts was
      seen in 37 patients with airways obstruction (63%), five (29%) with collapsed
      lung, and 14 (58%) with haemoptysis. Overall, 68 patients had symptomatic benefit
      and there was objective improvement in 56. Two deaths occurred in 288 treatment
      sessions both occurring as a result of asphyxia from minor haemorrhage in
      patients with advanced cylindromas and critical narrowing of the trachea or
      single remaining bronchus. In suitable patients with intraluminal tumour laser
      phototherapy is a valuable addition to conventional treatment.

PMID- 4023989
TI  - A simple, inexpensive urine test of smoking.
AB  - Three novel colorimetric methods of detecting urinary nicotine metabolites called
      the barbituric acid, diethylthiobarbituric acid (DETB), and DETB extraction
      methods were evaluated for use as a simple, cheap, objective test of smoking.
      Urine samples were collected from 103 male smokers and 78 male non-smokers
      working at two London factories. The smokers recorded the number of cigarettes
      smoked over the previous 36 hours. All three methods correctly classified the
      smokers. The DETB extraction method had a lower false positive rate (averaging 3%
      on morning and afternoon urine samples) than either the DETB or the barbituric
      acid method (12% and 6% respectively) and was the best procedure for classifying
      subjects as "smokers" or "non-smokers." When a quantitative variant of the
      barbituric acid method was used there was a significant correlation (r = 0.85, p
      less than 0.001) between the ratios of urinary nicotine metabolites to creatinine
      and the number of cigarettes smoked. The ratios for smokers of 6-15, 16-25, and
      26 or more cigarettes, however, overlapped considerably. The methods can be
      performed very rapidly and the reagent cost is equivalent to less than 1p per
      test.

PMID- 4023990
TI  - Changes in ventilation and its components in normal subjects during sleep.
AB  - Non-invasive measurements were made of ventilation, its derivatives, the
      contributions of abdomen and rib cage and arterial oxygen saturation in six
      healthy normal men whilst awake and during sleep. Minute ventilation fell
      significantly during slow wave (SW) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
      (awake = 6.3 1 min-1, SW sleep = 5.7 1 min-1, REM sleep = 5.4 1 min-1; p less
      than 0.04). Mean inspiratory flow also fell significantly but timing was
      unchanged. The abdominal (diaphragmatic) contribution to ventilation fell very
      significantly during SW sleep but returned to awake levels during REM sleep
      (awake 54%, SW sleep 38%, REM sleep 56%; p less than 0.007). There were also
      significant falls in arterial oxygen saturation during SW and REM sleep (awake
      97.3%, SW sleep 96.5%, REM sleep 96.2%; p less than 0.002). These falls represent
      reductions in arterial oxygen tension similar to those seen in patients with
      chronic airways obstruction and can be accounted for entirely by the associated
      reduction in ventilation.

PMID- 4023991
TI  - Thoracoscopic, histological, and clinical findings in nine case of rheumatoid
      pleural effusion.
AB  - A characteristic thoracoscopic picture of a granular parietal pleural surface was
      found in nine patients with rheumatoid pleurisy. Characteristic changes could be
      identified histopathologically in material obtained by biopsy. The rheumatoid
      pleural effusion resolved within an average of 14 months and no serious
      complications developed after the pleurisy. It is concluded that in rheumatoid
      pleural effusion a positive diagnosis can be made by thoracoscopy, preferably
      supported by the identification of microscopic structural changes in the parietal
      pleura.

PMID- 4023992
TI  - Bronchiectasis and oligospermia: two families.
AB  - Five patients from two families had a bronchiectasis syndrome; the men also had
      oligospermia with poor progressive sperm motility. None of the patients had
      cystic fibrosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, immunoglobulin deficiency,
      structural abnormalities of the bronchi, or abnormalities of ciliary
      ultrastructure. Onset of pulmonary symptoms was in the neonatal period or
      infancy, and bronchitis and bronchiectasis were most severe in the middle and
      lower lobes. Two patients had sinusitis and two otitis. The two men old enough to
      be studied had 2-10 X 10(6) sperm/ml of ejaculate with less than 10%
      progressively motile. There were no other associated anomalies. These patients
      probably had a distinct genetic error predisposing to pulmonary infection leading
      to bronchiectasis and, in men, oligospermia with poor progressive motility.

PMID- 4023993
TI  - Mechanical ventilation for acute postoperative respiratory failure after surgery
      for bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - From 1978 to 1982 365 patients were treated surgically for bronchial carcinoma.
      Lobectomy was performed in 250 and pneumonectomy in 115. Sixteen (4.4%) needed
      mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Six out of eight with a
      lobectomy, but only two out of eight with a pneumonectomy, survived initially. Of
      these eight survivors, five died from recurrent malignancy within a year but
      three were alive and well at two years. The complications leading to acute
      respiratory failure were unpredictable in most patients. Improving techniques of
      mechanical ventilation and intensive care may lead to better results in the
      future.

PMID- 4023994
TI  - A study of swallowing difficulties in first degree relatives of patients with
      achalasia.
AB  - Of 167 patients with achalasia asked to provide details of swallowing
      difficulties among their first degree relatives, 159 completed the survey (95%
      response rate). One thousand and twelve first degree relatives were identified,
      and 14 were reported to have dysphagia including two with reported achalasia.
      Review of the case notes of these 14 relatives showed, however, that in none was
      achalasia confirmed. Heartburn affected 54 (5%) of the relatives, an incidence
      similar to that in the general population. These findings suggest that adult
      achalasia is not inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and that
      environmental factors during early life do not play an important aetiological
      part.

PMID- 4023995
TI  - Late complication of plombage thoracoplasty.

PMID- 4023996
TI  - Bronchocentric granulomatosis associated with seropositive polyarthritis.

PMID- 4023997
TI  - Extrathoracic lymph node aspiration in bronchial carcinoma.

PMID- 4023998
TI  - Nifedipine enhances the bronchodilator effect of salbutamol.

PMID- 4023999
TI  - Early lung development.

PMID- 4024000
TI  - Pulmonary platelet kinetics in asthma.
AB  - Platelets produce a range of bronchoconstrictor mediators. Measurements of plasma
      factors have implicated platelet activation in allergic asthma, and sensitised
      guinea pigs challenged with ovalbumin show pulmonary platelet aggregation
      accompanying bronchoconstriction. To investigate this further we injected
      autologous platelets labelled with indium 111 and red cells labelled with
      technetium 99m into three young volunteers with atopic asthma and three non
      asthmatic volunteers and, after equilibration of platelets between blood and
      splenic pool, monitored lung 99mTc and 111In activities continuously. Comparison
      with the corresponding activities in blood samples allowed calculation of
      pulmonary platelet to red cell transit time ratio (tp/tr). This ratio was 0.9,
      1.02, and 0.98 in the non-asthmatic subjects compared with 1.04, 0.97, and 1.17
      in the asthmatic subjects. This argues against the existence of an intrapulmonary
      platelet pool in normal subjects; transpulmonary transit time was slightly
      prolonged in one asthmatic subject. Bronchial challenge with Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus was performed in the asthmatic subjects and monitoring continued
      for a further 30 minutes. Antigen induced falls in FEV1 of 20-50% were
      accompanied by small decreases in the 111In but not in the 99mTc lung signal. In
      line with this tp/tr fell to 0.89, 0.89, and 1.05. Antigen induced
      bronchoconstriction was therefore not accompanied by intrapulmonary platelet
      accumulation. Platelet survival was normal at 10.2 days in both groups of
      subjects.

PMID- 4024001
TI  - Absence of refractoriness in asthmatic subjects after exercise with warm, humid
      inspirate.
AB  - Twelve asthmatic adults each completed two six minute treadmill runs separated by
      an interval of 20 minutes. Running speed was constant for each subject, and
      inspired air temperature averaged 5.5 degrees C (SD 1.5 degree) for both tests.
      Total minute ventilation and total respiratory heat loss showed no significant
      difference between the two runs. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
      was measured before exercise and at five minute intervals throughout the recovery
      periods, during which subjects breathed room air at an average temperature of
      17.8 degrees C (1.8 degree). Reduction in FEV1 from pre-exercise readings
      averaged 39.3% (13.3%) for the first run and 11.5% (7.3%) for the second. On
      another day the subjects underwent an identical procedure except that the first
      exercise period was performed with the saturated inspirate at 37.3 degrees C (1.7
      degree). This run produced a mean FEV1 reduction of only 3.1% (7.3%). The ensuing
      run, during which the inspiratory temperature averaged 6.0 degrees C (2.0
      degrees), led to a mean fall in FEV1 of 37.3% (17.3%). This was not significantly
      different from the value recorded for the first of the paired runs with cool air.
      We therefore have been unable to confirm that exercise with warm humid inspirate
      may induce refractoriness to exercise induced asthma. Our data are compatible
      with the theory that refractoriness may be due to depletion of mediators during
      an initial exercise induced asthma attack.

PMID- 4024002
TI  - Increase in mucociliary clearance in normal man induced by oral high frequency
      oscillation.
AB  - Data on the effect on mucociliary clearance of oral high frequency oscillation is
      conflicting. By means of a technique to superimpose high frequency oscillation on
      tidal breathing, changes in mucociliary clearance during high frequency
      oscillation were studied in seven normal non-smokers by monitoring the clearance
      of inhaled radiolabelled aerosol from the lungs. After inhalation of 5 microns
      technetium 99m labelled particles under controlled conditions, whole lung
      clearance was monitored by scintillation counters half hourly for six hours with
      a final count at 24 hours, from which tracheobronchial deposition and clearance
      could be calculated. Control and high frequency oscillation studies were
      performed on separate days in random order. Oral high frequency oscillation was
      applied by a bass loudspeaker through a mouthpiece to superimpose sinewave
      oscillations (RMS input pressure 1.2 cm H2O, mean pressure zero) on normal
      breaths. On high frequency oscillation days 30 minutes of oscillation alternated
      with 30 min of rest. Between 3 and 4.5 hours mucociliary clearance with high
      frequency oscillation exceeded control by about 10% (p less than 0.05). The mean
      time taken to eliminate 90% of deposited radioaerosol from the tracheobronchial
      tree fell from 4 hours 50 minutes (range 1 h 52 min-6 h 50 min) during control to
      3 hours 43 minutes (range 2 hr 28 min-5 hr 54 min) during the high frequency
      oscillation run (p less than 0.05). Possibly this comfortable, simple technique
      would be of therapeutic benefit to patients with chronic sputum retention and
      merits further investigation.

PMID- 4024003
TI  - Study of lung function data by principal components analysis.
AB  - As a rational approach to the many lung function tests available, we have
      subjected the results of a battery of six lung function measurements made in 458
      coalminers to the statistical technique of principal components analysis. By this
      means the six test results were reduced to three principal components without
      important loss of information. The first component appeared to represent lung
      size and the second the degree of airflow obstruction, and the third detected
      impairment of gas transfer factor in excess of that explained by the first two
      components. The values of the first principal component, used to select men with
      abnormal lung function, identified more younger men with functional abnormalities
      than a method based on comparison of observed and predicted values of forced
      expiration volume in one second. The values of the second and third principal
      components were used to classify types of functional abnormality. It is concluded
      that this statistical technique provides a sensitive method of identifying men
      with unusual lung function, particularly younger men, in a population and can be
      used to define and quantify different aspects of lung function.

PMID- 4024004
TI  - Incidence and aetiology of a raised hemidiaphragm after cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - A raised hemidiaphragm has been reported as an uncommon complication of
      cardiopulmonary bypass, possibly resulting from cold injury to the phrenic nerve.
      At Papworth Hospital myocardial protection during cardiac arrest relies in part
      on irrigation of the pericardial cavity with large volumes of Hartmann's solution
      at 4 degrees C. Retrospective review of the chest radiographs of 100 consecutive
      patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass showed that 31 had a raised left
      hemidiaphragm soon after operation. The only significant correlation was with
      aortic cross clamp time (p less than 0.03). A prospective study of 36 consecutive
      patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass was then undertaken with diaphragmatic
      screening and chest radiography. Preoperative screening gave normal results in
      all patients. In the early postoperative period 16 (44%) had left diaphragmatic
      weakness or paralysis, two (5.5%) right sided weakness, and two (5.5%) bilateral
      weakness. Repeat screening of these patients showed resolution in all but four
      cases (80%) at six months and in all but two (90%) at one year. The greater
      number of left sided lesions than of right (8:1) is probably due to the fact that
      the cold jet of irrigating fluid is directed towards the left phrenic nerve.
      These findings have implications with regard to the optimum temperature of the
      irrigant fluid for myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 4024005
TI  - Long term results of operation for shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis.
AB  - During 14 years 34 patients were operated on for shrinking pleuritis with
      atelectasis. They were followed up after one to 14 years (mean 6.0) by interview,
      chest radiography, and spirometry. Most were in good condition, but a reduction
      in vital capacity had occurred in eight and in FEV1 in 15 patients. Radiographs
      were normal in 28 patients except for small pleural or parenchymal fibrotic
      changes. One patient had a suspected recurrence of shrinking pleuritis with
      atelectasis after nine years, suggesting continuation of the disease process
      despite operation.

PMID- 4024006
TI  - Albendazole treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts in naturally infected sheep: a
      study with relevance to the treatment of hydatid cysts in man.
AB  - Albendazole was given orally to sheep with naturally occurring live pulmonary and
      hepatic cysts. The viability of pulmonary cysts was established before treatment
      by thoracotomy and needle puncture. Both 10 and 20 mg/kg/day doses were found
      effective in that no viable protoscoleces were found after six weeks' treatment
      in either group while untreated controls still had viable cysts. In addition,
      treated animals showed macroscopic and electron microscopic changes. Bone marrow
      toxicity probably occurred in two sheep.

PMID- 4024007
TI  - A self paced treadmill walking test for breathless patients.
AB  - A treadmill exercise test is described that retains the advantages of self paced
      walking but allows the measurement of cardiorespiratory variables. A horizontal
      treadmill was modified to allow patients to control their own speed. During
      exercise continuous measurements of speed, distance, heart rate, arterial oxygen
      saturation, and stride length were made and subjective assessments of
      breathlessness were recorded on a visual analogue scale. Ten men with severe
      chronic obstructive lung disease performed a 12 minute corridor walk and a self
      paced 12 minute treadmill walk on the same day and repeat treadmill walks on
      different days. Six of them performed three walks or more. Six patients had
      ventilatory measurements during treadmill exercise. There was no significant
      difference (p greater than 0.1) in the distance covered during corridor and
      treadmill walks, and distances on the treadmill were repeatable after the first
      walk. Use of a mouthpiece significantly reduced the distance covered on the
      treadmill. The self paced treadmill walk is a simple repeatable test and has
      advantages over both a corridor walking test and standard progressive tests for
      assessment of breathless patients.

PMID- 4024008
TI  - Spirometric lung function tests in normal non-smoking Ethiopian men and women.
AB  - Forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio (FEV1%), forced expiratory flow
      (FEF 200-1200), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured in 143 male
      and 117 female healthy Ethiopians. Multiple linear regression analysis was used
      to correlate these indices with anthropometric variables. The results show that
      FVC, FEV1, and PEFR give significant regressions with age and height in both
      sexes. These indices have significant regression coefficients with percentage
      body fat, weight, and fat free mass (FFM) expressed independently of height in
      the men; only PEFR is significantly regressed on weight and FFM in the women. FVC
      and FEV1 in Ethiopians are found to be lower than in caucasians and higher than
      in other Africans, Chinese, and Indians. Prediction equations are provided for
      future use for obtaining reference values for lung function indices in similar
      subjects.

PMID- 4024009
TI  - Intrapulmonary thymoma: report of two cases.

PMID- 4024010
TI  - Lymphangioleiomyomatosis presenting in a postmenopausal woman.

PMID- 4024011
TI  - Glucocorticoid hypersensitivity in an asthmatic patient: presentation and
      treatment.

PMID- 4024012
TI  - A substitute for "small airway disease"?

PMID- 4024013
TI  - Standardised lung function testing.

PMID- 4024014
TI  - [Simplified protocol for adjusting the dosage of theophylline].

PMID- 4024015
TI  - [Comparison of the course of blood levels of bupivacaine and prilocaine after
      intra-articular irrigation administration for arthroscopy of the knee].

PMID- 4024016
TI  - [Plethysmographic and pharmacokinetic study of a venotropic drug: disodium
      flavodate].

PMID- 4024017
TI  - [Caudal anesthesia by lidocaine in children. Diffusion in the blood and possible
      cardiac effects].

PMID- 4024018
TI  - [Value of gliclazide in the treatment of early diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 4024019
TI  - [Comparison of 2 different maintenance doses of caffeine in the treatment of
      apnea in premature infants].

PMID- 4024020
TI  - [Inflammatory vasculitis and drugs].

PMID- 4024021
TI  - [Guide for the imputability of drug-induced hepatitis].

PMID- 4024022
TI  - [Hospitalization in hepatogastroenterology for iatrogenic pathology. Prospective
      study].

PMID- 4024023
TI  - [Collaboration between the research center of a pharmaceutical firm and public
      emergency structures for better safety of phase I and II clinical pharmacology
      studies].

PMID- 4024024
TI  - [Efficacy and observation of treatment within the framework of an association for
      home respiratory assistance].

PMID- 4024025
TI  - [Plasma kinetics of digoxin in the presence of piretanide].

PMID- 4024026
TI  - [Cutaneous necrosis after subcutaneous administration of gentamycin].

PMID- 4024027
TI  - Dynamics of platelet tubulin in response to changes in free sulfhydryl groups.
AB  - Pools of polymerized and total tubulin were measured in human platelets as a
      function of free sulfhydryl groups both in acid-soluble and acid-precipitable
      cell fractions. Changes in free thiols were produced either by storage of
      platelets at room temperature or by addition of the potent oxidizing agent
      diazene dicarboxylic acid (diamide) and were correlated with shifts in the
      dynamic equilibrium between assembled and disassembled microtubules and platelet
      aggregation. Diamide at concentrations of 0.5 to 5 mM depleted acid soluble SH
      groups and reduced protein thiols while causing a progressive decrease in
      polymerized tubulin. Similar changes, although not as severe, were initiated by
      storage of platelets at room temperature. Platelet aggregation especially that
      induced by collagen showed a positive correlation with the pool of polymerized
      tubulin. Our results indicate that the state of oxidation of sulfhydryl groups
      especially in the acid-precipitable fraction plays an important role in
      determining the position of equilibrium between polymerized and depolymerized
      tubulin.

PMID- 4024028
TI  - The electrophoretic mobility heterogeneity of human platelet subpopulations of
      different buoyant densities.
AB  - Human platelets were separated into density subpopulations by using a step-wise
      gradient of Percoll in Tris-NaCl buffer. The absolute value of the
      electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of the density subpopulations was found to be a
      linear function of the density of the platelets, with EPM becoming less negative
      with increasing platelet density. Platelet volume distributions, mode volume, and
      sialic acid and protein contents were found to increase with platelet density,
      while no differences were found in GPII, GPIII, and GPIV contents among the
      subpopulations. An estimate of charge density was made from the ratio between the
      PAS-staining material (membrane GP's) and platelet surface area. The ratio was
      found to decrease as platelet density increased, consistent with the less
      negative EPM values observed for the higher density platelets. This lower surface
      charge of heavier platelets, which would lower charge repulsion between cells,
      agrees with the premise that heavier platelets are more active.

PMID- 4024029
TI  - A human pharmacological study comparing conventional heparin and a low molecular
      weight heparin fragment.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of a heparin fragment of low molecular weight (LMWH) of 4000
      5000 D and unfractioned standard heparin (UFH) have been studied after i.v.
      injections of different doses and infusions in 8 humans. The heparin activity was
      significantly higher and the effect on APTT lower after LMWH fragment as compared
      to UFH in the same doses. The half-life of heparin activity was about 1 hr for
      UFH and about 2 hr for LMWH. LMWH was found to be eliminated according to first
      order kinetics and there were no signs of dose dependency.

PMID- 4024030
TI  - Fibrinogen fragments X, Y, D and E increase levels of plasma fibrinogen and liver
      mRNAs coding for fibrinogen polypeptides in rats.
AB  - Previously, we demonstrated that in vivo regulation of liver fibrinogen synthesis
      occurs via the fibrinogen mRNA level. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism
      of fibrinogen synthesis is still not well understood. Fibrinogen or fibrin
      degradation products might play an important role in regulating fibrinogen
      synthesis. In our present study, we have injected rats intraperitoneally with
      purified homologous fragments and measured the liver content of mRNA specific
      coding for fibrinogen. Increased levels of fibrinogen mRNA and elevated plasma
      fibrinogen concentrations were observed in rats after administration of
      fibrinogen degradation products X, Y, DEGTA, Dcate or E. Fragment E or E' has a
      less stimulatory effect than X, Y or Dcate, whereas cross-linked fibrin
      degradation product D dimer does not increase fibrinogen synthesis. This article
      reports for the first time a stimulatory effect of the high molecular weight
      fibrinogen degradation products on fibrinogen synthesis.

PMID- 4024031
TI  - Methods in dose response platelet aggregometry.
AB  - A standardized method for performing dose response platelet aggregation has been
      developed, and has been used in about 1000 subjects in a large prospective study
      of ischaemic heart disease. A computer program has been used to fit a sigmoidal
      relationship between primary aggregation response rate and the log dose of
      aggregating reagent. Estimates of the parameters of the sigmoid curve are used to
      characterize an individual's platelet aggregability. Methods for investigating
      the maintenance of long-term quality control have also been developed.

PMID- 4024032
TI  - Sources of variability in dose response platelet aggregometry.
AB  - An experiment designed to assess the components of variability of a number of
      measures of platelet aggregability showed that the ADP ED50 (the estimated dose
      of adenosine diphosphate at which primary aggregation occurs at half its maximum
      velocity) had the least method error of any of the parameters measured, but that
      none had a very high between-person component of variability. A simultaneous
      comparison of a syringe technique and a free-flowing technique for venepuncture
      revealed no differential effects on the aggregation parameters measured. An
      enforced increase in the stirring speed in the aggregometer led to an experiment
      which showed that such a change did not apparently affect the ED50s.

PMID- 4024033
TI  - The effect of platelet number and haematocrit on whole blood thromboxane
      synthesis.
AB  - Whole blood, allowed to clot at 37 degrees C in glass tubes, synthesized
      thromboxane A2 (TxA2) as determined by radioimmunoassay for thromboxane B2
      (TxB2). The time course for TxB2 synthesis showed no further increase after 60
      min and the concentration of TxB2 in serum obtained from 60 normal subjects
      positively correlated with the whole blood platelet count in EDTA anticoagulated
      blood from the same donor. Patients with chronic renal failure produced less
      serum TxB2 than age- and sex-matched controls; they also had lower haematocrits.
      After re-calculating TxB2 production as a function of platelet count and
      haematocrit all but one of the patients fell in the range of values obtained for
      controls. These results suggest that chronic renal failure may not be associated
      with a cyclooxygenase defect and that clotted whole blood TxB2 production should
      be expressed as a function of platelet count and haematocrit.

PMID- 4024034
TI  - A role for pericellular proteoglycan in the binding of thrombin or antithrombin
      III by the blood vessel endothelium? The effects of proteoglycan-degrading
      enzymes and glycosaminoglycan-binding proteins on 125I-thrombin binding by the
      rabbit thoracic aorta in vitro.
AB  - Rabbit thoracic aorta segments were treated with either proteoglycan-degrading
      enzymes or with glycosaminoglycan-binding proteins to examine the nature of the
      endothelial and subendothelial binding sites of 125I-thrombin. Treatment (5-30
      min) with enzymes (heparitinase, chondroitinases AC or ABC) caused a decrease in
      125I-thrombin binding by the endothelium (30-70%) and by the subendothelial
      (intima-media) layer (20-50%); a low-specificity protease destroyed endothelial
      binding almost entirely and reduced binding to the subendothelium by
      approximately 60% over a similar period. Of the glycosaminoglycan-binding
      proteins, pretreatment of the aorta wall with protamine caused a 30% decrease in
      thrombin binding to the endothelium whereas lipoprotein lipase (present during
      125I-thrombin uptake) decreased binding by up to 40%. Pretreatment with
      antithrombin III did not significantly affect binding of either 125I-thrombin or
      125I-FPR-inactivated thrombin. In contrast to thrombin, 125I-antithrombin III was
      not readily uptaken by the aorta segments. These observations indicate that,
      whereas the minimal binding by 125I-antithrombin III probably does not involve
      endothelial proteoglycan, a strong case can be made for endothelial and
      subendothelial proteoglycan binding sites for thrombin.

PMID- 4024035
TI  - Urokinase quality: analysis of different preparations.
AB  - Five commercially available German Urokinase (UK) preparations were examined for
      purity, fibrinolytic activity, and molecular weight composition. With the
      exception of one preparation (B) all samples showed comparable fibrinolytic
      activity (91-107% of the activity declared). Preparations A, D, and E contained
      almost exclusively high-molecular-weight UK (HMW-UK), i.e., 82-86%. However,
      preparation C (from kidney tissue cultures) contained 95% of low-molecular-weight
      UK (LMW-UK), and sample B consisted of nearly equal amounts of both HMW-UK and
      LMW-UK (47:53). Purity criteria (coagulative and lysozyme activity, endotoxin
      content, protease activity, HBs antigen) were fulfilled by preparation E, and,
      with certain restrictions, also by preparations A and C.

PMID- 4024036
TI  - A functional plasminogen assay utilizing the potentiating effect of fibrinogen to
      correct for the overestimation of plasminogen in pathological plasma samples.
AB  - An overestimation of the plasminogen concentration occurs in patients with
      elevated levels of fibrin degradation products (fdp) and/or fibrinogen, when
      using assays based on the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase (Sk)
      followed by the hydrolysis of a synthetic chromogenic substrate. This source of
      error could be overcome by addition of fibrinogen in excess to the plasminogen
      assay thereby obtaining maximum stimulation of the Sk-plasminogen complex. The
      late degradation products of fibrinogen and fibrin, Dcate and Ddimer,
      respectively, had no potentiating effect on the Sk-plasminogen complex. The
      modified assay was designed as a manual method or for a centrifugal analyzer. The
      excellent reproducibility is illustrated by the coefficient of variation (CV)
      within series being 1.3% (n = 24) and from day to day being 1.9% (n = 20).

PMID- 4024038
TI  - Monitoring the intrinsic pathway of coagulation during heparin therapy--reply.

PMID- 4024037
TI  - Heparin assays and bleeding complications in treatment of deep venous thrombosis
      with particular reference to retroperitoneal bleeding.
AB  - Bleeding complications occurred in 30 (11%) out of 280 patients who received
      continuous heparin infusion for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). 22 (8%) had minor
      while 8 patients (3%) had major bleeding complications (1 intrathoracic [fatal],
      2 gastrointestinal and 5 retroperitoneal). Heparin activity, in daily drawn blood
      samples, was determined by four assays (chromogenic substrate [CS] assay,
      activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], thrombin time with citrated plasma
      [CiTT] and thrombin time with recalcified plasma [CaTT]). The differences in
      median heparin activity between patients with minor bleeding and patients with no
      bleeding did not reach significance for any of the tests. In patients with major
      bleeding, the differences were significant with the CS (p = .011) and the CaTT (p
      = .030) assays. Patients with retroperitoneal bleeding had significantly
      increased median activity judged by all four assays: CS (p = .002), CaTT (p =
      .003), APTT (p = .010), CiTT (p = .029). The difference was most pronounced after
      four days of heparin treatment, but there was a considerable overlap with
      patients without bleeding.

PMID- 4024039
TI  - Ether-phospholipid composition in neutrophils and platelets.
AB  - It is well documented that ether-lipids, especially the 1-0-alkyl-2-0-acyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine, can serve as precursors in paf-acether (platelet
      activating factor) biosynthesis. This study was undertaken to determine the
      amount of these compounds in two cell types which are good producers of paf
      acether: human neutrophils and rabbit platelets. The method of phospholipid
      analysis was based on selective destruction of diacyl molecules by lipase from
      guinea pig pancreas and of plasmalogens by acidolysis; phospholipids were then
      separated by bidimensional thin-layer chromatography. In platelets as in
      neutrophils, the major phospholipids were choline (37%) and ethanolamine (30 and
      32%, respectively) phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin (18 and 16%,
      respectively). In rabbit platelets the 1-alkyl molecules represented 15% of the
      choline class (0.7 nmol/10(7) cells). Neutrophils differed strikingly from
      platelets by the high level of these molecules which constituted 50% of the
      choline class (16.3 nmol/10(7) cells). It therefore appears that in the two cell
      types, the amount of 1-0-alkyl-2-0-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine largely
      exceeded that would be necessary for paf-acether biosynthesis.

PMID- 4024040
TI  - Further studies on the role of red blood cells in spontaneous platelet
      aggregation.
AB  - The influence of red blood cells on platelet aggregation has recently been a
      subject of considerable interest. We have studied the effect of red cells on
      spontaneously formed platelet aggregates in rotating vials at 37 degrees C.
      Platelet aggregation was quantified by measuring the fall in number of single
      platelets with a whole blood platelet counter. Autologous packed red cells,
      platelet rich plasma and platelet free plasma were used to reconstitute aliquots
      of blood with constant platelet count but 0-60% haematocrit (Hct). The fall in
      platelet count was minimal at zero Hct, increased markedly with the Hct in the
      anaemic range and less markedly in the normal to polycythaemic ranges of Hct.
      Scanning electron microscopic observation of whole blood showed the presence of
      small platelet aggregates after about 3 mins rotation and very large aggregates
      after about 12 mins. ADP from red cells has been implicated in triggering
      platelet aggregation in whole blood. Whether aggregates are formed as a result of
      ADP leaking from the red cells or by their jostling physical action on the
      platelets is discussed. The marked effect of the red cells on spontaneous
      platelet aggregation however, justifies the manipulation of the Hct as a useful
      therapeutic option in the control of thrombotic and bleeding tendencies.

PMID- 4024041
TI  - The influence of a new low molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide from mussel
      broth (Org 30016) on haemostasis.
AB  - The effect on haemostasis of a new low molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide
      (4300 dalton) from mussel broth (Org 30016) was investigated. In an APT time test
      system it had an anticoagulant effect corresponding to 30-40% of that of heparin.
      It had no antithrombin effect. It exerted its effect only in test systems
      containing phospholipids. It did not prolong haemostatic plug formation time in
      the rabbit mesenteric microcirculation as did heparin. Formation of ex vivo
      Chandler thrombi was significantly inhibited. The practical interest of the
      substance comes from the combination of an antithrombotic effect and little
      influence on primary haemostasis.

PMID- 4024042
TI  - Red cell deformability and other haemorheological variables in stable coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - In this study, red cell deformability and other haemorheological variables were
      measured in 40 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization for the
      investigation of chest pain. The patients were divided into two groups - those
      with extensive disease and those with less extensive or no disease. Deformability
      was assessed by a filtration method. There were no significant differences in
      filterability, haematocrit, plasma viscosity or plasma fibrinogen between the two
      groups of patients. However, those with extensive disease had significantly
      higher blood viscosity than those with less extensive disease. Thus the study was
      able to demonstrate an association between blood viscosity and extent of coronary
      artery disease but not between the individual determinants of blood viscosity
      (red cell deformability, plasma fibrinogen and haematocrit) and extent of
      disease.

PMID- 4024043
TI  - Water-soluble urokinase derivatives of combined action.
AB  - Modification of urokinase by substances possessing useful therapeutic activity
      permits combined action preparations to be obtained. The catalytic properties of
      the modified enzyme are close to those of native urokinase. The attachment of
      sodium nitroprusside to it provides vasodilator action with a prolonged effect.
      Modification of urokinase by heparin produces stabilized preparations possessing
      fibrinolytic and anticoagulation activity simultaneously. The possibility of
      repeatedly modified urokinase obtaining has been demonstrated experimentally.
      Urokinase-heparin-sodium nitroprusside conjugates have fibrinolytic, hypotensive
      and anticoagulant effect simultaneously. The approaches suggested indicate
      possible new ways of creating effective therapeutics.

PMID- 4024044
TI  - Water-soluble urokinase derivatives with increased affinity to the fibrin clot.
AB  - The attachment of urokinase to fibrinogen via a "spacer" of aliphatic diamine
      increases the affinity of the modified enzyme to the fibrin clot. This provides
      increased (2.5-fold higher than for native urokinase) fibrinolytic activity of
      the modified urokinase. Modification of the enzyme does not affect its kinetic
      parameters, but increases its stability. It is shown that 1,12
      dodecamethylenediamine is an optimal linking agent. Fibrinogen modified with
      diamines does not lose the ability to be co-polymerized in the three-dimensional
      fibrin clot under the action of thrombin and acquires increased stability towards
      proteolytic degradation. Use of fibrinogen as a carrier for thrombolytic drugs
      can increase their affinity to the injured site and enhance the local targeted
      action of therapeutic agent.

PMID- 4024045
TI  - Inhibition of platelet function with indobufen: correlation with plasma drug
      level.

PMID- 4024046
TI  - In vitro effect of cimetidine on platelet aggregation.

PMID- 4024047
TI  - The effect of heparin fragments of different molecular weights on experimental
      thrombosis and haemostasis.
AB  - The effect of heparin fragments of different molecular weights has been compared
      with that of conventional sodium heparin on experimental thrombosis in vivo and
      ex vivo and experimental haemostasis in vivo. In the first part of the study
      fragments of different molecular weights were given (4,900, 6,500, 9,500 and
      22,200 dalton). All preparations including the control gave a significant
      prolongation of the haemostatic plug formation time in the rabbit mesenteric
      microcirculation, and all except the fragment with the lowest molecular weight
      reduced the frequency of jugular vein thrombosis (induced by a combination of
      endothelial denudation and stasis). There was a correlation between the XaI
      activity of the different heparin fragments and frequency of thrombosis. Using an
      ex vivo method (modification of Chandler's model) a dose dependent lag phase
      until start of thrombus formation was found. In the second part of the study a
      dose response investigation was made comparing different doses of a fragment
      (6,500 dalton) with conventional heparin in the same XaI doses (10, 30 and 60
      units/kg). Sodium heparin in the highest dose prolonged the haemostatic plug
      formation time whereas none of the fragment doses did. The lowest dose both of
      the fragment and conventional heparin did not reduce the frequency of thrombosis,
      whereas the two higher doses did. Thus it may be possible to obtain preventive
      effect on thrombus formation with a heparin fragment.

PMID- 4024048
TI  - Human platelet reactivity with intact segments of rabbit aorta and selected
      regions of rabbit, rat and human aorta.
AB  - A technique measuring platelet reactivity with vessel wall subendothelium has
      been modified to examine platelet reactivity with vessel pieces in place of
      intact segments of aorta of a specific diameter. This modification of
      Baumgartner's original technique (1) allows measurement of blood platelet
      reactivity with vessel pieces, 5 X 10 mm in size, mounted on perfusion chambers
      with "twist bands." Adhesion and aggregation of human platelets to
      deendothelialized surfaces of intact segments of rabbit aorta and pieces of
      rabbit, rat and human aorta, were equivalent. This modification will expand the
      use of Baumgartner's technique to investigations of platelet vessel wall
      interactions using blood platelets and vessels from numerous experimental animal
      models and humans. It will also facilitate examination of possible differences in
      thrombogenocity of selected areas of vessels such as those exhibiting stages of
      atherosclerotic plaque formation.

PMID- 4024049
TI  - Studies of Wakan-Yakus (traditional herbal drugs): especially on the effects of
      Gaiyoh (Artemisiae folium) on blood coagulation.
AB  - Wakan-Yakus (traditional herbal drugs) such as Akyoh (Glutinum), Gaiyoh
      (Artemisiae folium), Sanshishi (Gardeniae fructus), Kizutsu (Aurantii fructus),
      and Taisoh (Zizyphi fructus) were studied in relation to their effects on blood
      coagulation-fibrinolysis. (1) All of the water extracts of the Wakan-Yakus
      prolonged aPTT and PT. The potency of the effectiveness on aPTT was in the order
      of Gaiyoh (Artemisiae folium) greater than Kizutsu (Aurantii fructus) greater
      than Sanshishi (Gardeniae fructus) greater than Taisoh (Zizyphi fructus) greater
      than Akyoh (Glutinum). (2) Gaiyoh (Artemisiae folium) greater than Kizutsu
      (Aurantii fructus) greater than Akyoh (Glutinum) greater than Taisoh (Zizyphi
      fructus) showed the antifibrinolytic effects in this order. On the other hand,
      Sanshishi showed the accelerating effect on fibrinolysis. (3) The inhibition
      modes of both thrombin and plasmin by Gaiyoh (Artemisiae folium) were shown to be
      competitive on Lineweaver-Burk plot. (4) Gaiyoh (Artemisiae folium) was gel
      filtered on Sephadex G-25 column (1.5 X 90cm) equilibrated with distilled water
      at room temperature. Five fractions were obtained, and in the first to fourth
      fraction, strong anticoagulant effects on aPTT and PT were observed. We pooled
      first and second to make fraction I, and make fraction II from peak 3. The
      recovery rate was 4.2% by weight, and 36.7% by inhibition activity, and specific
      activity on the basis of inhibition to aPTT was 34.8% U/mg in the case with
      fraction II. Fraction I was found to be the same characteristically on blood
      coagulation. Fraction II was further purified by Sephadex LH-20 column (1.5 X 80
      cm) at room temperature. Three fractions (Fraction IIa, IIb, IIc) were obtained,
      and the strong inhibitory effects was observed on both aPTT and PT in each
      fraction. The first fraction (fraction IIa) showed the strong inhibitory effect
      on aPTT, and the heightened specific activity with 17.6% as the recovery rate.

PMID- 4024050
TI  - Interactions between sodium salicylate and acetyl salicylic acid evaluated using
      ADP induced platelet aggregation and bleeding time.
AB  - 1 g acetyl salicylic acid orally significantly enhanced the initial rate of
      platelet aggregation induced by 1 mumol/l and 2.5 mumol/l ADP. Sodium salicylate
      was without effects on the platelet aggregation and specifically it did not
      prevent acetylsalicylic acid from inhibiting the secondary aggregation. Sodium
      salicylate was without effect on the bleeding time and did not inhibit the
      prolongation induced by acetyl salicylic acid. Our study does not lend support to
      the concept of an important interaction in vivo between acetyl salicylic acid and
      its first metabolite salicylate in man.

PMID- 4024051
TI  - Metabolism of platelet activating factor (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine) by capillary endothelial cells isolated from rat epididymal
      adipose tissue.

PMID- 4024052
TI  - Platelet attachment and spreading on polystyrene surfaces: dependence on
      fibronectin and plasma concentration.
AB  - Fibronectin promoted platelet attachment and spreading on polystyrene surfaces
      but was not essential if the surfaces were coated with plasma. The dependence of
      platelet adhesion on plasma concentration was complex. The extent of attachment
      and spreading was increased on surfaces treated with up to 1.0% plasma and
      decreased at higher plasma concentrations. The results support the hypothesis
      that protein adsorption is not directly related to protein concentration when
      surfaces are exposed to complex protein mixtures.

PMID- 4024053
TI  - Differences in platelet aggregation kinetics in normal and hyperlipidemic
      rabbits.
AB  - The difference in the aggregation mechanism between normal and hyperlipidemic
      rabbits was studied by kinetic analysis of changes in the number of residual
      single platelets in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation.
      When ADP was added to platelet rich plasma (PRP) obtained from normal rabbit, the
      number of single platelets decreased exponentially, but with PRP from
      hyperlipidemic rabbit, it decreased hyperbolically. However, the aggregation of
      platelets isolated from plasma of hyperlipidemic rabbit and resuspended in normal
      plasma showed an exponential decay, while that of normal rabbit platelets
      resuspended in hyperlipidemic rabbit plasma showed a hyperbolic decay. The
      results suggested that these aggregation mechanisms are altered mainly due to
      changes in the plasma components, such as the cholesterol levels.

PMID- 4024054
TI  - Fibrinopeptide A excretion in urine in patients with atherosclerotic artery
      disease.
AB  - Urinary fpA excretion and fpA in plasma were studied in patients with peripheral
      artery disease, aortic aneurysm, severe coronary artery disease, acute myocardial
      infarction and in normal controls. Mean urinary fpA was significantly higher in
      all groups of patients than in normal controls whose excretion was 1.9 +/- 1.2
      micrograms/24 hours (mean +/- SD). We found a good correlation between urinary
      fpA excretion and plasma fpA (r = 0.68, p less than 0.01, n = 81). The highest
      levels of urinary fpA were found in 9 patients with aortic aneurysm (11.9 +/- 6.1
      micrograms/24 hours). The 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction had also
      abnormally elevated values (4.3 +/- 1.8 micrograms/24 hours) which were only
      slightly higher than the levels found in another 10 patients with myocardial
      infarction receiving subcutaneous heparin in a dosage of 2 X 5000 IU daily (2.9
      +/- 1.7 micrograms/24 hours). The 13 patients with peripheral artery disease
      showed an increase in urinary fpA excretion from 4.0 +/- 1.7 to 10.5 +/- 2.3
      micrograms/24 hours after percutaneous angioplasty (p less than 0.001). These
      data demonstrate that urinary fpA excretion may represent a valid means to detect
      the cumulative effect of thrombin action on fibrinogen in patients with
      atherosclerotic vascular disease and after therapeutic intervention.

PMID- 4024055
TI  - Influence of human platelet factors on the proliferation of rat mesangial
      glomerular cells.

PMID- 4024056
TI  - [Prospective study of the presence of atrophic rhinitis and AR-pathogenic
      Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida bacteria in piglets of health
      certified pig-breeding farms].
AB  - Two hundred eight-week-old piglets from 20 pig-breeding farms, on which the
      clinical findings did not provide any justification for suspecting the presence
      of atrophic rhinitis (AR), were examined for this disease. Clinical parameters
      were brachygnathia superior (BS) and snout-distorsion (KD). Piglets with BS (n =
      48) were observed on 13 farms and with KD on 8 farms. Morbid anatomical
      parameters were deviation of the nasal septum (SD) and atrophy of the ventral
      conchae (AVC). SD was observed in 76 piglets from 17 farms. Piglets with AVC
      gradation greater than or equal to 1 were recorded on 20 farms and with grade
      greater than or equal to 3 on 12 farms. The average gradation of AVC over all
      farms was 1.3 varying from 0.2 to 2.9. Bacteriological studies were done in the
      piglets for Bordetella bronchiseptica (BB) and AR pathogen Pasteurella multocida
      (PM+). The score of AVC showed a significant increase on farms on which
      infections with PM+ and BB was present. It is indicated that pig-herds with an
      average AVC gradation smaller than 0.7 do have a chance of less than 10% to be
      infected with PM+. BB was isolated from 52 piglets, from the nose in 49 cases and
      from the trachea in 27 cases respectively. PM was isolated from 67 piglets.
      Examination by equine blood agar showed that 15 piglets were positive for PM in
      the nose, 32 animals being found to be positive for PM by examination using mice.
      When mice were used in studies of the tonsils, 59 were found to be positive for
      PM. Of 45 piglets infected with type D, 16 were found te be PM+ following the
      guinea-pig skin test, the results being regarded as doubtful in two cases.
      Epidemiological studies for BB and PM+ on 117 breeding-farms in the Province of
      Overijssel showed that 92% of these farms were infected with BB and 28% with PM+.
      To be able to qualify breeding-farms as 'not being suspected of AR' concentrated
      clinical, pathological and bacteriological studies are required.

PMID- 4024057
TI  - [Food poisoning due to country sausage].
AB  - Six children became seriously ill after eating dry sausages. The clinical
      symptoms and laboratory test suggested a case of poisoning by Staphylococcus
      aureus enterotoxin. The problems of enterotoxin analysis and the responsibility
      of the industry are discussed.

PMID- 4024058
TI  - [Polyarthritis in piglets caused by Mycoplasma hyorhinis].

PMID- 4024059
TI  - [African swine fever: a threatening situation. Various comments on the current
      situation and the consequences for veterinary practice].
AB  - Referring to recent outbreaks of African swine fever in Belgium, a number of
      practical aspects of this disease are reviewed. The fact that a vaccine is not
      available means that general and special health measures by the government and
      prevention should be emphasized. Moreover a number of logical conclusions as
      regards to veterinary practice are discussed.

PMID- 4024060
TI  - [From the Veterinary Chief Inspection of Public Health and the Board of the
      Veterinary Service. African swine fever in Belgium].

PMID- 4024061
TI  - Analysis of chickens for recombination within the MHC (B-complex).
AB  - In an attempt to further map the chicken MHC (the B complex), a systematic search
      for genetic recombinants within the B complex was performed by serotyping the
      progeny from F2 crosses of chickens by means of specific anti-class I, anti-class
      II, and anti-class IV alloantisera. Two recombinant B-haplotypes (B21r and B15r)
      were found by analysing 2,656 F2 chickens representing 5,312 informative typings.
      In either case, the B-G (class IV) allele was recombined with both the B-F and B
      L alleles of the opposite haplotype. MLC typings, tests for direct compatibility
      by GVH reactions, and absorption analyses confirmed the original serological
      typing of the two recombinant B haplotypes. No recombination between B-F (class
      I) and B-L (class II) loci was found. This very low frequency of recombination
      within the B complex as compared with recombination frequencies found in
      mammalian MHC's is discussed.

PMID- 4024062
TI  - [Drainage--a possible treatment method in ascending umbilical abscess in calves].

PMID- 4024063
TI  - [Diagnosis of an infestation with Collyriclum faba (Bremser, 1831) in a starling
      (Sturnus vulgaris L.) in Vienna].
AB  - A massive infestation with Collyriclum faba (Bremser, 1831) was found in a young
      starling from Vienna. Always two trematodes formed cysts mainly in the
      subcutaneous tissues around the cloaca. In the presented starling there were
      additional cysts on the inner surface of the abdominal and thoracical wall, in
      the lung and on the rectum.

PMID- 4024064
TI  - [Electrocardiography in the horse (1). Principles and normal picture].
AB  - The physiological and technical basis of the electrocardiography are shortly
      explained. The electrodes used for the recording of bipolare thoracal leads,
      their fixation on the horse, the practical procedure of a ECG-recording, its
      appearance and variation are described and illustrated. A recommendation for a
      systematic evaluation and interpretation is being proposed.

PMID- 4024065
TI  - [Functional anatomy of the visceral arteries in the abdominal cavity of the
      horse. Considerations with reference to intestinal colic].
AB  - The microscopic structure of the arteries was investigated in the gastro
      intestinal tract of the horse. The median artery was also studied for comparative
      purposes. The adventitia is responsible for the holding and suspension of the
      visceral arteries. Disturbances in this system are considered to be a prime
      factor leading to chronically deficient blood flow. This is associated with pain
      which is generally classified as colics.

PMID- 4024066
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of colic, represented by case material of 1983
      from the Munich-Riem horse hospital].
AB  - The results of the ileus surgery in horses by a consistent performing of a known
      and standardised clinical and operative procedure are very good, provided that
      there are surgeons who have experience in abdominal surgery and that there is a
      co-operating team for the pre- and post-operative care.

PMID- 4024067
TI  - [Tomography in veterinary medicine. Possibilities for the application of this x
      ray technic demonstrated on the spinal column of a dog].
AB  - After a short introduction of theoretical principles of tomography, the
      advantages of this technique--especially the representation of the dog's spinal
      column--are discussed with five case histories. This technique allows to produce
      isolated pictures of special parts of the spinal column which may be
      superpositioned by other body parts like: atlantooccipitalregion (especially dens
      axis), caudal cervical spine, thoracical spine and lumbosacral region.
      Particularly the evaluation of the intervertebral spaces, the small vertebral
      joints and the contours and structures of the vertebrae is enhanced, which is
      important in tumorous and infectious processes, as well as in fractures and
      luxations of the vertebrae. Besides the spatial association of certain structures
      is possible if their localization with conventional x-ray methods and even with
      exposures in two planes is unsuccessful.

PMID- 4024068
TI  - [Housing conditions and hygiene control in nutria breeding].
AB  - Diseases in farm raised nutria (Myocastor coypus) often depend on hygienic
      fatalities in the different housing systems of the farms. The principle ways of
      accomodation for nutria are briefly described with reference to the specific
      hygienic problems.

PMID- 4024069
TI  - [Anglicisms in the German medical vocabulary].
AB  - In view of an ever-increasing infiltration of the German medical vocabulary by
      Britishisms and Americanisms, a linguistic attempt was made to categorize this
      phraseology as follows: more or less incorporated terminology,
      "internationalized" terms, identical translations, unnecessary use of English
      expressions instead of German synonyms, borrowing from the English with an
      alteration of the original meaning, and German neologisms on the basis of English
      vocabular material. Specimens from all these categories are enumerated.

PMID- 4024070
TI  - Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on conscious
      beagles.
AB  - Cardiovascular effects of antiarrhythmic drugs and their effects on the
      respiratory rate were examined in conscious beagles. Disopyramide, 1.5 mg/kg
      i.v., increased the blood pressure and decreased the heart rate, but higher dose
      of 5 mg/kg i.v. increased both. Disopyramide showed no central nervous side
      effects. Procainamide, 20 and 60 mg/kg i.v., increased the blood pressure and
      heart rate without changing the respiratory rate. A higher dose (60 mg/kg i.v.)
      of procainamide induced vomiting. Lidocaine, 2 and 6 mg/kg i.v., and phenytoin, 3
      and 10 mg/kg i.v., simultaneously increased the blood pressure, heart rate and
      respiratory rate accompanied by excitement, and with a higher dose (6 mg/kg i.v.)
      of lidocaine, by convulsions. Verapamil, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg i.v., induced
      tachycardia without serious neurological effects. In conscious healthy dogs
      cardiovascular depressant actions of antiarrhythmic drugs could only rarely be
      observed.

PMID- 4024071
TI  - Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and choline esterase in
      overseas and Japanese university students.
AB  - Serum lipids were studied in 97 overseas and 282 Japanese university students. As
      compared with Japanese, serum total cholesterol levels were low and high density
      lipoprotein/total cholesterol ratio was high in the overseas students, especially
      in Chinese and Korean students. 30-39-year-old Chinese students, moreover, showed
      elevated high density lipoprotein levels. Choline esterase levels were
      significantly lower in 30-39-year-old Chinese and Korean students than in
      Japanese and Taiwanese.

PMID- 4024072
TI  - Calmodulin concentration in the uterus during pregnancy and influence of sex
      steroids.
AB  - Calmodulin concentration in pregnant rat uteri increased gradually and reached a
      level about three times that in non-pregnant rat at term. In human beings,
      uterine calmodulin content at term was about three times that in non-pregnant
      uteri, but there was no significant difference between the levels in uteri at
      term with and without labor pain. Estrogen increased the rat uterine calmodulin
      concentration, but progesterone did not change it.

PMID- 4024073
TI  - Precancerous lesions of the gallbladder mucosa.
AB  - To elucidate the morphological characteristics and the incidence of precancerous
      lesions of the gallbladder, 200 gallbladders removed for presumed benign diseases
      were examined histopathologically. Dysplastic epithelia with distinct cellular
      and structural atypia were graded into either mild or moderate to severe degree.
      Twenty-nine (14.5%) of 200 cases showed dysplasia; 5 (2.5%) was to moderate to
      severe degree and 24 (12%) to mild degree. Carcinoma in situ was found in 4 cases
      (2%) and occult invasive carcinoma in 2 cases (1%). Simple hyperplasia was seen
      in 54 cases (27%). Abnormal epithelia showed a male preponderance in consistent
      with the previous report on cancer epidemiology in Japan. Dysplasia and
      hyperplasia were found to have close association with chronic cholecystitis, but
      not with gallstones per se. It was postulated that the progression of dysplasia
      or carcinoma in situ into invasive carcinoma may occur in the sixties to
      seventies.

PMID- 4024074
TI  - Elevated cholecystokinin-like activity in the duodenal mucosa in patients with
      cholecystolithiasis.
AB  - Cholecystokinin (CCK)-like activities in the duodenal mucosa of the patients with
      cholecystolithiasis were determined with the bioassay method we established. The
      results obtained are as follows: The gall bladder of the patients with
      cholecystolithiasis following oral administration of egg yolk has contraction
      rates comparable to those of the normal subjects in the control group, whereas
      the contraction rate of the gall bladder of the patients with cholecystolithiasis
      following administration of caerulein was markedly lower than that of the normal
      subjects in the control group. The variations in the contraction of the gall
      bladder in time lapse following administration of caerulein to the patients with
      cholecystolithiasis strongly denied the possibility of either insufficient
      release of CCK or accelerated dissimilation of CCK in those patients. Based on
      the above findings, it was concluded that the sensitivity of the gall bladder to
      CCK decreases in the patients with cholecystolithiasis and that, in order to
      replenish it, the feed-back mechanism reacts to sufficiently promote the
      production of CCK in the duodenal mucosa. The similar mechanism was noted in the
      variations of the findings of normal subjects as age advanced.

PMID- 4024075
TI  - Constant growth of primary school children throughout four seasons of year.
AB  - Repeated measurements of body size (11 times for weight and 4 times for height
      during a 13 month period) in 1982-1983, and then in 1983-1984 disclosed that
      primary school children, both boys and girls in every year grade from 1st to 6th,
      grow in weight and height almost linearly throughout a year. Seasonal variation
      in growth pattern, once evident in around 1960, was no longer observed. Based on
      the observation, a formula to predict gains in weight and height is proposed and
      its value for the prevention of childhood obesity is discussed.

PMID- 4024076
TI  - Immunoprotective capability of somatic hybrid cells in comparison with parental
      tumor cells maintained in vitro.
AB  - The immunogenicity of X-irradiated hybrid cells derived from fusion of ASL-1
      leukemia (A origin) and LM (TK-) fibroblasts (C3H origin) was compared to X
      irradiated parental ASL-1 leukemia cells maintained in vivo (V-ASL-1) and to X
      irradiated ASL-1 leukemia cells maintained in vitro (C-ASL-1). Immunization with
      hybrid cells induced transplantation resistance against tumor rechallenge with V
      ASL-1 more effectively than did immunization with V-ASL-1 tumor cells.
      Immunization with X-irradiated C-ASL-1 cells produced the same, or slightly
      stronger level of transplantation resistance than that with X-irradiated hybrid
      cells. These findings were observed both in A/J and in (C3H/HeJ X A/J)F1 mice.
      These results raise a question about whether the apparent increased
      immunogenicity of hybrid cells is due to a result of cell fusion or a result of
      their growth in vitro.

PMID- 4024077
TI  - Musculoelastosis: a change of small pulmonary arteries found in a case with
      atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Interesting findings were obtained in the lung biopsy of a 46 year old female
      patient with secundum atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. In the
      intima of small pulmonary arteries, there were a marked increase in elastic
      fibers and marked proliferation of longitudinal smooth muscle cells. The vascular
      lumen was markedly stenotic, but reconstruction of small pulmonary arteries
      indicated that all vascular lumina were patent. The case was accordingly
      diagnosed as operable and closure of atrial septal defect was undertaken. Three
      years postoperatively, the patient is well with much improved condition and
      lowered pulmonary arterial pressure was demonstrated by cardiac catheterization.
      This case had apparently serious vascular lesions due to severe intimal
      thickening which we labeled "musculoelastosis", but it was found that such
      thickening alone did not cause peripheral pulmonary arterial occlusion. It is
      therefore thought to be a benign pulmonary vascular condition.

PMID- 4024078
TI  - Unusual low affinity of human liver fibronectin for gelatin.
AB  - Fibronectin extracted from the human livers was shown to have very low affinity
      for gelatin unlike plasma fibronectin. It was demonstrated that this unusual
      property of liver fibronectin was not due to its proteolytic fragmentation.

PMID- 4024079
TI  - Motor time of the rectus femoris under loading of different weights.
AB  - Motor time (MT) of the rectus femoris was measured for seven normal subjects
      during rapid extension of the knee joint at 60 degrees flexion in the sitting
      position with and without external loads on the leg. MT prolonged linearly with
      external load from 0 to 4 kg. Tangent of this linearity, the rate of tension
      development (RTD), was significantly different from one another of the subjects
      and was not related to MT without external load. RTD is a relevant index to
      assess an efficiency of rapid force generation of a muscle.

PMID- 4024080
TI  - Late pulmonary response in guinea pigs after ascaris challenge.
AB  - Respiratory resistance of guinea pigs immunized with Ascaris suum was measured
      over 6 hr after aerosol challenge of the allergen by use of the oscillation
      method. These animals showed a biphasic pulmonary response to the aerosol
      challenge with Ascaris suum. Histological analysis of these animals revealed a
      narrowing of bronchial lumen, peribronchial edema and neutrophil-rich mucous in
      bronchial lumen at the late pulmonary response.

PMID- 4024081
TI  - Studies on the changes of serum bilirubin level after surgery in biliary atresia.
AB  - In biliary atresia, one-fourth of the patients showed prolonged jaundice in spite
      of a good excretion of bile after surgery. To investigate the cause of jaundice,
      factors related to the serum bilirubin level were examined in 28 recent cases.
      Furthermore, clinical analysis was performed in 86 cases of good excretion of
      bile after surgery. The following results were obtained: The daily amount of
      bilirubin excretion in bile and bilirubin concentration play an important role in
      decreasing the serum bilirubin level. The most important factor for prolonged
      jaundice is ascending cholangitis. Shortening of the life span of the red blood
      cells is one of the causes of prolonged jaundice.

PMID- 4024082
TI  - Comparison of cell profiles of bronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids
      between normal subjects and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
AB  - The cell profiles of bronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BLF and BALF)
      of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were compared with those of
      normal volunteers (NV) and age-matched control patients (CP), to characterize the
      cell profiles of the bronchoalveolar region in normals and patients with IPF. In
      BALF of nonsmokers from both control groups (NV and CP), alveolar macrophages
      (AM) were predominant and the percentage of neutrophil leukocytes and that of
      eosinophil leukocytes below 1% of the total cells. The percentage of neutrophils
      and that of bronchial epithelial cells were higher in BLF than in BALF of both
      control groups. Of the immune and inflammatory cells in BLF, the mean percentage
      of neutrophils was 12% in NV group and 42% in CP group. The percentage of
      neutrophils and that of eosinophils in BALF were higher in IPF group than in CP
      group, but the percentage of neutrophils in BLF of IPF group was comparable to
      that of CP group. In the IPF group, the percentage of neutrophils in BALF was
      lower than that in BLF. These results indicated that even in healthy subjects, a
      considerable number of neutrophils are present in the bronchial region and that
      the cell profile of the lavage fluid of the bronchoalveolar tree changes
      depending on the method of lavage. Presumably the higher percentage of
      neutrophils in BALF of patients with IPF is partly due to derangements of the
      alveolar structure, because the amount of saline infused into this region is
      limited.

PMID- 4024083
TI  - Diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy using dried blood spots.
AB  - We have demonstrated the increased C26:0/C22:0 ratio in the fatty acids of
      sphingolipid fraction in dried blood spots on filter paper from the patient with
      adrenoleukodystrophy. The ratio of C26:0/C22:0 in the dried blood spots from the
      patient was 2.1-fold higher than those of the normal controls. This value was
      almost the same as the ratio in erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin from the
      patient, because sphingolipid fraction in the dried blood spots consists of
      mainly the sphingomyelin from erythrocyte membranes. Blood samples are easy to
      obtain by mail and the method is useful in the diagnosis of the patient and
      screening for the families known to be at risk.

PMID- 4024084
TI  - Particular cases of Cushing's syndrome--one with adrenocortical carcinoma and the
      other with double adenomas.
AB  - Two particular cases of adrenocortical tumors associated with Cushing's syndrome
      were documented. In the first case, the steroid pattern suggested a malignancy,
      and the histology of the excised tumor confirmed it. In the second case, the left
      adrenal had two distinct tumors; one dark-brown, and the other yellow in color.
      Recent trends in the diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's syndrome were
      discussed.

PMID- 4024085
TI  - Urinary glycosaminoglycans bearing glucuronic acid or iduronic acid residue at
      the reducing terminals.
AB  - The urinary glycosaminoglycan was reduced with NaB[3H]4, and was separated into
      three fractions according to molecular size by column chromatography on Sephadex
      G-200. The hexuronic acid residues at the reducing terminals of each fraction
      were quantified by the method of preferential quantitation of hexuronic acid at
      the reducing terminals. This method consisted of hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic
      acid and nitrous acid, lactonization, and paper chromatographic analysis. Both
      radioactive gulonolactone and idonolactone were detected in the fractions with a
      lower molecular size, but not in those with a higher molecular size. These
      observations demonstrated that the glucuronide and iduronide linkages at other
      than-terminal sites of carbohydrate chains were cleaved by the processes of
      depolymerization of glycosaminoglycans in tissues. Therefore, it is highly likely
      that endo-beta-glucuronidase(s) and endo-alpha-iduronidase(s) which belong to the
      glycosidase of endo type such as hyaluronidase are involved in the catabolic
      degradation of glycosaminoglycans in tissues.

PMID- 4024086
TI  - Nuclear changes in colo-rectal epithelium with special reference to nuclear
      inclusions in carcinoma, dysplasia, adenoma and Peutz-Jeghers polyps.
AB  - The incidence and types of unusual nuclear structures (UNS) were examined based
      on the observation of randomly photographed 1,919 nuclei in total from the normal
      epithelium, dysplasia, Peutz-Jeghers type polyp, adenoma and carcinoma of the
      large bowel. These nuclear structures were classified as filamentous, granular
      and vesicular inclusions, and invaginated structures were also taken into
      consideration. Although all types of UNS were found in the normal epithelium,
      carcinoma cells had the most numerous UNS, especially of the invaginated type.
      The possible process of nuclear inclusion (NI) formation was discussed in
      connection with malignant transformation of colo-rectal epithelial cells.

PMID- 4024087
TI  - Antitumor effect of the organogermanium compound Ge-132 on the Lewis lung
      carcinoma (3LL) in C57BL/6 (B6) mice.
AB  - Effects of the organogermanium compound Ge-132 (i.p.) were examined on the 3LL
      local tumor (1 X 10(5)/mouse, s.c.) and its pulmonary metastases in B6 mice. A
      characteristic feature of its action was the preferential antimetastatic effect
      under strictly defined conditions. Either inhibition or facilitation was observed
      depending on the treatment schedules; 7 daily doses of 100 mg/kg yielded the
      inhibition ratio 49% when started from day 1, whereas the treatment from day 8
      resulted in the ratio -99%. The maximum inhibition was obtained at 100 mg/kg. The
      postsurgical-adjuvant treatment with Ge-132 was of no beneficial effect. The
      local tumor growth was affected only marginally and temporarily. When inoculum
      size was minimized (1 X 10(4)), a single dose of 300 mg/kg on day 1, but not on
      day 8, was effective in prolonging the latency before tumor take. The antitumor
      action of Ge-132 was discussed with reference to its interferon (IFN)-inducing
      activity.

PMID- 4024088
TI  - Studies on cholesterol esterase in cultured rabbit smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Acid and neutral cholesterol esterases (CEases) in cultured rabbit smooth muscle
      cells (SMC) were examined. The optimal pH of acid CEase was 4.5 and its apparent
      Km was 83 microM. The optimal pH of neutral CEase was 7.5 and its apparent Km was
      38 microM. CEases were most active with substrate vesicles prepared with
      phosphatidylcholine. Acid CEase hydrolyzed cholesteryl [1-14C]oleate labeled LDL
      (LDL-CE), but neutral CEase did not. Incubation with LDL increased the acid and
      neutral CEase activities of SMC, but incubation with acetylated-LDL did not
      increase their activities.

PMID- 4024089
TI  - ApoE-2/E-3 ratio of very low density lipoprotein in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Apolipoprotein E (apoE) of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in 22 diabetic
      patients was analysed by the method of one-dimensional isoelectrofocussing (IEF).
      We modified the IEF-method of Kashyap et al. by which apoE isoproteins were
      easily and accurately determined. The measurement of apoE-2/E-3 ratio was useful
      for determining apoE phenotypes. In 17 of 22 diabetics apoE phenotype was E3/3,
      while three patients showed E2/3 and two showed E3/4. ApoE-2/E-3 ratio was
      reduced from 0.91 +/- 0.07 to 0.73 +/- 0.04 (p less than 0.05) by the one month
      period treatment in 10 insulin required diabetics. The ratio was also reduced
      from 1.06 +/- 0.14 to 0.89 +/- 0.09 (p less than 0.2) in 10 non-insulin required
      diabetics. The reduction in apoE-2/E-3 ratio was caused by an increase in apoE-3
      band and a decrease in apoE-2 band which might be attributed to the changes in
      the sialic acid-content of isoproteins on the one-dimensional IEF method.
      Therefore, apoE phenotypes in diabetic patients should be determined when their
      diabetic state is improved.

PMID- 4024090
TI  - Response properties of prefrontal visual neurons in the awake monkeys.
AB  - Response properties of the visual neurons in the prearcuate and periprincipal
      areas of the prefrontal cortex were examined in awake monkeys. The findings
      obtained are as follows: (1) Most of the visual neurons responded with various
      excitatory fashions to a light spot presented in their visual receptive fields
      (RFs). The response was large when the stimulus was applied to the middle of the
      RF and became smaller when the stimulus position was moved from this part toward
      the RF border. (2) The response was affected by the size of the stimulus. The
      largest response was usually obtained by a small stimulus. The shape,
      orientation, brightness of the stimulus and the direction of its movement gave
      little influence on the response strength and pattern. (3) In about a half of the
      neurons the response was enhanced when the monkey made a saccadic eye-movement
      toward a visual stimulus in the RF. (4) Some of the above-mentioned response
      properties were quantitatively different from one another among neuron groups
      classified according to the eccentricity and size of their RFs. These results
      suggest that the properties of the neurons are suitable for detecting a visual
      stimulus occupying a limited extent in the space.

PMID- 4024091
TI  - Increase in blood pressure in pheochromocytoma induced by domperidone and
      metoclopramide.
AB  - Administration of two dopamine antagonists, domperidone and metoclopramide, gave
      a marked rise in blood pressure with an increase in plasma catecholamines in two
      patients with pheochromocytoma. The result suggests that not only metoclopramide
      but also domperidone might induce hypertensive crisis in pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 4024092
TI  - Semiquantitation of ABH antigens specific for red blood cells.
AB  - H and A antigens expressed only in the RBC were quantitated using specific
      antisera, and the amount of the antigens was compared with that of total H and A
      antigens shared by the RBC and saliva. Total H antigen decreased in the order of
      O, A, B and AB blood groups. However, H antigen specific for the RBC distributed
      similarly among four blood groups. In addition, the amount of total A antigen in
      A group was more than that of AB group, but the difference in the amount of A
      antigen specific for the RBC was not significant between the two blood groups. B
      antigen specific for the RBC was not examined because of failure in preparing
      specific anti-B serum. In conclusion, the quantitative difference of the total H
      or A between A and AB groups might be due to the difference in the amount of
      antigen common to the RBC and saliva but not one specific for the RBC.

PMID- 4024093
TI  - Evidence for direct effect of growth hormone on capillary basement membrane
      thickness.
AB  - In order to investigate the direct effect of growth hormone on the capillary
      basement membrane thickness (CBMT), we performed, in normal and diabetic rats,
      ultrastructural morphometric studies on the capillaries of the skin loci where
      the intracutaneous injections of physiologic saline and human growth hormone
      (HGH) in various concentrations had been repeated daily for 28 days. In the
      normal group, the injection (0.1 ml daily) of HGH solutions in concentrations of
      0.5 micrograms/ml and 2 micrograms/ml did not significantly alter the CBMT, and
      only at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, HGH significantly (p less than
      0.001) increased the CBMT. In the diabetic group, however, the injection of any
      of the HGH solutions significantly (p less than 0.001 approximately 0.05)
      increased the CBMT. In another diabetic rat series, HGH, human albumin, human
      menopausal gonadotropin and human globulin (each in a concentration of 10
      micrograms/ml) were repeatedly injected into four separate skin portions for 28
      days, and it was found that the net increase in CBMT was most striking in the HGH
      treated portion. These data demonstrated the direct and specific effect of HGH on
      CBMT.

PMID- 4024094
TI  - A further study on the polymorphism of placental alkaline phosphatase in
      Japanese.
AB  - Polymorphism of placental alkaline phosphatase (PL) was investigated in 120
      Japanese placentae by means of starch gel electrophoresis and an improved
      staining method for the isoenzymes using naphthol AS-MX phosphate as substrate
      instead of beta-naphthyl phosphate. The present method gave more satisfactory
      results for the detection of the PL bands. Besides five of the six common
      phenotypes three different uncommon variants were identified. The gene
      frequencies of PL types were estimated at PL1 = 0.729, PL2 = 0.054, PL3 = 0.200
      and PLv = 0.017, which were very similar to those reported in other districts of
      Japan.

PMID- 4024095
TI  - Alternations of liver pathophysiology in experimental hepatic failure treated by
      two forms of plasma purification procedure.
AB  - Plasma cross-circulation which resembles plasma exchange and plasma perfusion
      over charcoal and resin adsorbents were carried out using rats with galactosamine
      (GalN)-induced hepatic failure to investigate the effects of those plasma
      purification procedures on damaged liver function. Twenty-four hr after the
      injection of GalN, the plasma treatment procedures were performed at a plasma
      flow rate of 0.1 ml/min for 6 hr. Forty-eight hr after the injection of GalN, ATP
      synthesis in liver mitochondrial function, and ATP and total adenine nucleotide
      contents in the liver, which were markedly reduced by the GalN administration,
      were increased by both plasma cross-circulation and plasma perfusion over
      adsorbents. These results suggest that both plasma purification procedures
      improve the deterioration of mitochondrial phosphorylation activity and produce
      an augmented high energy status in the liver. In the histological study of the
      liver, volume ratio of hepatic parenchyma in the GalN-treated liver to that in
      the normal liver was significantly higher in rats treated with plasma perfusion
      than those with sham-perfusion. An efficient removal of the hepatotoxic
      metabolites from the plasma, therefore, decelerates the progress of GalN induced
      liver tissue necrosis, if rats with GalN-induced hepatic failure are treated in
      an early stage.

PMID- 4024096
TI  - Exposure concentration versus environmental concentration: a field survey in
      organic solvent workplaces.
AB  - The relationship was investigated between the environmental concentrations in
      workplaces and the concentrations in the breath zones of the workers therein. The
      former was measured in 47 organic solvent workplaces of various types taking both
      the grid-sampling strategy (Measurement A) and a spot-air sampling to detect
      possible maximum exposure (Measurement B), while the latter was determined by the
      application of personal samplers to 328 workers. Although a low yet significant
      correlation was observed between the results of Measurement A (i.e., the
      combination of the geometric mean and the geometric standard deviation of the
      environmental concentration) and the exposure concentration, excess exposure
      (i.e., over occupational exposure limit exposure) would occur in some workplaces
      when the occupational exposure limit itself be used as the limit value for the
      setting of criterion for environmental concentration. The analyses of the
      experiences suggest no excess exposure would be expected if half the occupational
      exposure limit be employed as the limit value.

PMID- 4024097
TI  - Evaluation of sequential glucose metabolism in cerebral ischemia using a chrono
      autoradiographic method.
AB  - A chrono-autoradiographic technique (sequential double label 2-deoxyglucose
      method) was performed to evaluate postischemic regional glucose metabolism. Using
      this method, two sequential autoradiograms, one immediately after the stroke and
      one 7-8 hr after the stroke, were obtained from the same brain slice. Comparison
      of the two images strongly suggested that the ischemic core and the regions
      adjacent to the core died, while the periphery recovered from the metabolic
      injury, and that postischemic metabolic abnormality itself didn't necessarily
      determine the fate of the ischemic tissue.

PMID- 4024098
TI  - The automated analysis of coordinated hindlimb movement in rats during acute and
      prolonged exposure to toxic agents.
AB  - The effects of CNS-active drugs and neurotoxic agents on motor coordination in
      the rat were studied using a newly developed, automated technique. In this test,
      a tv/microprocessor-based system was utilized to detect and describe the movement
      and placement characteristics of one of the rat's hindpaws as the rat placed its
      paw from one rung to another while walking in a rotating wheel. In studies
      employing a wheel speed of 8.2 cm/sec and a single 90-sec trial, significant
      deficits in coordinated hindlimb movement could be detected following the acute
      ip administration of a variety of compounds, including acrylamide (0, 50, and 100
      mg/kg), diazepam (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg), ethyl alcohol (0, 600, 900, and
      1200 mg/kg), and tremorine (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg). Further, results from a
      subacute study involving the oral administration of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD; 0,
      250, and 600 mg/kg) indicated that rats treated with 600 mg/kg, 2,5-HD were
      significantly impaired after 1 week of treatment and those treated with 250 mg/kg
      2,5-HD, after 2 weeks of treatment. Although both groups improved during the
      recovery period, the performance of the 600 mg/kg group 5 weeks post-treatment
      was still inferior to controls. Taken together, these studies indicate that the
      coordinated hindlimb placement test provides a reliable, sensitive, and rapid
      technique for quantifying deficits in motor coordination in the rat during acute
      and prolonged exposure to neurotoxic substances.

PMID- 4024100
TI  - The metabolism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and mono-(2-ethylhexyl)
      phthalate (MEHP) in rats: in vivo and in vitro dose and time dependency of
      metabolism.
AB  - This study investigated the in vivo metabolism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
      (DEHP) and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in rats after multiple dosing, the
      metabolism of MEHP in primary rat hepatocyte cultures for periods of up to 3
      days, and the biotransformation of some major metabolites of MEHP. Rats were
      orally administered [14C]DEHP or [14C]MEHP at doses of 50 and 500 mg/kg body wt
      for three consecutive days. Urine was collected at 24-hr intervals, and
      metabolite profiles were determined. After a single dose of either compound,
      urinary metabolite profiles were similar to those previously reported. However,
      after multiple administration of both DEHP and MEHP at 500 mg/kg, increases in
      omega-/beta-oxidation products [metabolites I and V, mono(3-carboxy-2
      ethylpropyl) phthalate and mono(5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl) phthalate, respectively]
      and decreases in omega - 1-oxidation products [metabolites VI and IX, mono(2
      ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate,
      respectively] were seen. At the low dose of 50 mg/kg little or no alteration in
      urinary metabolite profiles was observed. At 500 mg/kg of MEHP a 4-fold
      stimulation of CN- -insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidation (a peroxisomal beta
      oxidation marker) was seen after three consecutive daily doses. At the low dose
      of 50 mg/kg only a 1.8-fold increase was noted. Similar observations were made
      with rat hepatocyte cultures. MEHP at concentrations of 50 and 500 microM was
      extensively metabolized in the rat hepatocyte cultures. Similar metabolic
      profiles to those seen after in vivo administration of MEHP were observed. At the
      high (500 microM) concentration of MEHP, changes in the relative proportions of
      omega- and omega- 1-oxidized metabolites were seen. Over the 3-day experimental
      period, omega-/beta-oxidation products increased in a time-dependent manner at
      the expense of omega - 1-oxidation products. At a concentration of 500 microM
      MEHP, a 12-fold increase of CN- -insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidation (a
      peroxisomal beta-oxidation marker) was observed. At the low concentration of MEHP
      (50 microM) only a 3-fold increase in CN- -insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidation
      was noted and little alteration in the metabolite profile of MEHP was observed
      with time. Biotransformation studies of the metabolites of MEHP confirmed the
      postulated metabolic pathways. Metabolites I and VI appeared to be endpoints of
      metabolism, while metabolite V was converted to metabolite I, and metabolite IX
      to metabolite VI. It was also possible to reduce the transformation of metabolite
      X [mono(2-ethyl-6-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate] to metabolite V.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 4024101
TI  - Effects of 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital on the capacity of embryos to
      bioactivate teratogens during organogenesis.
AB  - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and given ip
      injections of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) in corn oil, corn oil only, phenobarbital
      (PB) in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), or HBSS only. Maternal animals were
      killed on Day 10 of gestation, and embryos from each group were explanted in
      medium containing cyclophosphamide (CP), 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), or
      dimethylsulfoxide vehicle. After a 24-hr culture period, embryos from dams
      treated with HBSS, corn oil, or PB/HBSS exhibited no increase in abnormalities
      (as compared with controls) when either CP or AAF were added to the media.
      However, embryos transplacentally preexposed to MC and subsequently treated
      during culturing with AAF (but not CP) exhibited striking increases in
      malformation incidence. Commonly observed malformations included abnormally open
      neural tubes, abnormal flexure rotation, and prosencephalic defects. Homogenates
      of Day 10 embryos transplacentally preexposed to MC exhibited readily measurable
      oxidative biotransformation of AAF as assessed with HPLC. Biotransformation of
      AAF by embryos from the other three groups was virtually undetectable.
      Incorporation of exogenously supplemented bioactivating systems from livers of
      mature animals indicated that postmitochondrial supernatant fractions (S-9) from
      male, MC-pretreated rats effectively catalyzed the conversion of AAF (but not CP)
      to embryotoxic metabolites. Conversely, hepatic S-9 from adult, male, PB
      pretreated rats was highly effective in converting CP (but not AAF) to
      embryotoxic metabolites. The results indicated the inducerspecific occurrence of
      embryonic bioconversion of AAF to embryotoxic metabolites via MC-inducible, P-450
      dependent, embryonic enzyme systems.

PMID- 4024099
TI  - Developmental phase-specific and dose-related teratogenic effects of ethylene
      glycol monomethyl ether in CD-1 mice.
AB  - Several animal species have shown a teratogenic response to inhaled or ingested
      ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME). The present study examined the
      developmental phase specificity and dose-response characteristics of EGME-induced
      embryotoxicity. Pregnant CD-1 mice (vaginal plug positive day = gestation Day
      [gd]0) received multiple or single doses of EGME by gavage between gd 7 and 14.
      Fetuses were examined on gd 18 for external and skeletal malformations. EGME was
      not maternally toxic after multiple doses of 250 mg/kg or a single administration
      of up to 500 mg/kg. EGME induced embryotoxicity as manifested by reduced gd 18
      fetal weights and increased resorptions. The observed malformations were
      specifically related to the developmental stage at the time of exposure.
      Exencephaly resulted after EGME exposure between gd 7 to 10 whereas paw anomalies
      (syndactyly, oligodactyly, and stunted digit No. 1) predominated during later
      stages of development. Paw anomalies were maximal after administration on gd 11,
      and forepaws exhibited greater susceptibility than hindpaws. The no observed
      effect dose for the induction of digit malformations after a single
      administration of EGME on gd 11 was 100 mg/kg. At 175 mg EGME/kg digit anomalies
      were induced without any concurrent reduction in fetal body weight while at 250
      mg/kg and above, digit anomalies occurred concurrently with reduced fetal body
      weight.

PMID- 4024102
TI  - Postnatal methyl mercury exposure: effects on ontogeny of renal and hepatic
      ornithine decarboxylase responses to trophic stimuli.
AB  - The effects of postnatal methyl mercury exposure on the ontogeny of renal and
      hepatic responsiveness to trophic stimuli were examined. Increased ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC) activity was used as an index of tissue stimulation. In the
      rat, renal ODC responsiveness to growth hormone, angiotensin, vasopressin,
      isoproterenol, and serotonin was absent at birth and matured 3 to 4 weeks later.
      However, pups exposed to methyl mercury showed marked, ODC responses to these
      same agents as early as 10 to 19 days of postnatal age, accompanied by a
      significant renal hypertrophy. In contrast to the kidney, the liver of normally
      developing rats was responsive to trophic factors even in the neonate. In this
      tissue, there was no consistent effect of neonatal methyl mercury treatment on
      ODC responses at any developmental stage tested; although absolute liver weights
      were reduced, liver/body weight ratio was not affected. These results demonstrate
      that postnatal methyl mercury exposure causes a precocious onset of ODC responses
      to trophic agents specifically in the kidney. Altered responsiveness may mediate
      some of the effects of this organomercurial on overall renal development and
      function.

PMID- 4024103
TI  - The embryotoxicity of adriamycin in rat embryos in vitro.
AB  - Adriamycin (ADR) is a widely used and highly valued antineoplastic agent but
      chronic treatment is limited by cardiotoxicity. To investigate its embryotoxic
      potential, cultured rat embryos were exposed to ADR at concentrations ranging
      from 0.4 to 1.2 microM. Within this range, ADR elicited decreases in growth
      parameters (somite numbers, embryonic length, and protein and DNA content),
      malformations involving the prosencephalic region, and embryolethality at the
      higher concentrations. Embryotoxicity was significantly increased (p less than
      0.05) when cultures included cofactors for cytochrome P-450-dependent
      biotransformation and a hepatic microsomal preparation (S-9) prepared from
      animals pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene or a mixture of polychlorinated
      biphenyls (Aroclor 1254). When S-9 from control animals or from rats pretreated
      with phenobarbital was used, significant increases in ADR-elicited embryotoxicity
      were not observed. Substitution of NADH for NADPH as a cofactor reduced the
      incidence of malformations from 100 to 60% at ADR concentrations of 0.5 microM.
      Increasing O2 concentrations partially counteracted the embryotoxic effects of
      ADR. Several other agents [including various antioxidants, compounds bearing free
      sulfhydryl groups, coenzyme Q10, and superoxide dismutase (with or without
      catalase)] that prevent or reduce the cardiotoxicity of ADR without impairing its
      antineoplastic properties, failed to modify the embryotoxicity significantly.
      This suggested that the embryopathic and antineoplastic properties of ADR may
      share a common mechanism which is distinct from that responsible for
      cardiotoxicity.

PMID- 4024104
TI  - Identification and quantification of urinary metabolites of dinitrotoluenes in
      occupationally exposed humans.
AB  - Rats exposed to technical grade dinitrotoluene (DNT) develop hepatocellular
      carcinomas. Humans may be exposed to DNT during its manufacture and use. To
      permit comparisons of human excretion patterns of DNT metabolites with those
      previously observed in rats, urine specimens were collected over a 72-hr period
      from workers at a DNT manufacturing plant. Samples were analyzed for 2,4- and 2,6
      DNT and putative metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Urine from
      workers exposed to DNT contained 2,4- and 2,6-DNT, 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrobenzoic
      acid, 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrobenzyl glucuronide, 2-amino-4-nitrobenzoic acid, and 2
      (N-acetyl)amino-4-nitrobenzoic acid. Excretion of these metabolites peaked near
      the end of the workshift, but declined to either very low or undetectable
      concentrations by the start of work the following day. The calculated half-times
      for elimination of total DNT-related material detected in urine ranged from 1.0
      to 2.7 hr, and those of individual metabolites from 0.8 to 4.5 hr. The most
      abundant metabolites were 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid and 2-amino-4-nitrobenzoic
      acid, collectively accounting for 74 to 86% of the DNT metabolites detected. The
      data indicate that urinary metabolites of DNT in humans are qualitatively similar
      to those found in rats, but quantitative differences exist in the relative
      amounts of each metabolite excreted.

PMID- 4024105
TI  - Identification of the proximate peroxisome proliferator(s) derived from di(2
      ethylhexyl) phthalate.
AB  - A primary rat hepatocyte culture system was utilized to determine the proximate
      peroxisome proliferator(s) derived from di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). DEHP
      was administered to rats and the urinary metabolites were identified and
      isolated. The major metabolites were those resulting from initial omega- or omega
      - 1-carbon oxidation of the mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) moiety. These
      metabolites, together with MEHP and 2-ethylhexanol, were added to primary rat
      hepatocyte cultures and the effect on peroxisomal enzyme activity was determined.
      The omega-carbon oxidation products [mono(3-carboxy-2-ethylpropyl) phthalate (I)
      and mono(5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl) phthalate (V)] and 2-ethylhexanol produced
      little or no effect on CN- -insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidation (a peroxisomal
      marker). MEHP and the omega - 1-carbon oxidation products [mono-(2-ethyl-5
      oxohexyl) phthalate (VI) and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (IX)]
      produced a large (7- to 11-fold) induction of peroxisomal enzyme activity.
      Similar structure-activity relationships were observed for the induction of
      cytochrome P-450-mediated lauric acid hydroxylase and increase in cellular
      coenzyme A content. This identification of the proximate proliferators will aid
      in the elucidation of the mechanism by which DEHP causes proliferation of
      peroxisomes in the rodent liver. Oral administration of MEHP (150 or 250 mg/kg)
      to male guinea pigs did not produce hepatic peroxisome proliferation. Addition of
      MEHP (0 to 0.5 mM) or one of the "active" proliferators in the rat (metabolite
      IX, 0 to 0.5 mM) to primary guinea pig hepatocyte cultures also failed to produce
      an induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Possible reasons for this species
      difference are discussed.

PMID- 4024106
TI  - Effects of cadmium on glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid
      peroxidation in the rat heart: a possible mechanism of cadmium cardiotoxicity.
AB  - Cadmium treatment of rats maintained on a low-selenium diet produced a
      significant increase in specific heart weight together with histopathological
      changes. This increase was accompanied by a decrease in the activities of the
      selenoenzyme, glutathione peroxidase, and the copper-containing enzyme superoxide
      dismutase, together with a rise in thiobarbiturate-reactive substances in the
      heart. Increased dietary selenium prevented the lowering of glutathione
      peroxidase activity but did not influence the effect of cadmium on superoxide
      dismutase. The effect of cadmium on thiobarbiturate-reactive materials was
      markedly reduced in the rats fed high dietary selenium.

PMID- 4024107
TI  - Cellular responses to O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate-induced pulmonary injury
      in rats.
AB  - O,O,S-Trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP), an impurity of many organophosphorus
      insecticides, causes a delayed toxicity in rats and mice which is associated with
      morphological and biochemical changes in the lung. Oral administration of doses
      as low as 20 mg/kg alters bronchiolar epithelial morphology and causes an
      increase in bronchopulmonary lavage lactate dehydrogenase levels. In the present
      study, the effects of OOS-TMP on alveolar and bronchiolar cells were examined by
      determining the patterns of cellular regeneration in rats at periods of 12 hr, 24
      hr, 3 days, and 7 days after treatment. Dividing cells were labeled with
      tritiated thymidine and studied with autoradiographic techniques. The results
      showed that OOS-TMP treatment initiated proliferation of alveolar type II cells
      within 24 hr. The proliferative response of type II cells continued to increase
      in 3-day and 7-day treatment groups. Labeled alveolar type I cells began to
      appear after 3 days, indicating that type II cells were dividing to replace
      damaged type I cells. Cells of the alveoli were thickened and showed
      vacuolization. In the bronchioles, labeled Clara cells were increased on Day 3
      and Day 7 while the number of labeled ciliated cells remained near control levels
      throughout all time points, indicating that in bronchiolar epithelium, OOS-TMP
      stimulates the proliferation of Clara cells but does not damage ciliated cells.
      The binding of tritiated OOS-TMP to lung tissue was also examined by
      autoradiography. It was found that [3H]OOS-TMP binds to all regions of lung
      tissue.

PMID- 4024108
TI  - Uptake, disposition, and elimination of acrylamide in rainbow trout.
AB  - The uptake, disposition, and elimination of [2,3-14C]acrylamide was studied in
      fingerling rainbow trout exposed to 0.388 and 0.710 mg/liter [2,3-14C]acrylamide
      at 12 degrees C under static water conditions for 72 hr. 14C in carcass and
      viscera was determined at times ranging from 4 to 72 hr after the beginning of
      the exposure period and 4 to 96 hr after transfer of the fish to fresh flowing
      water for the elimination studies. Uptake of 14C was initially rapid and
      plateaued after 72 hr of acrylamide exposure. No appreciable bioaccumulation
      occurred in carcass or viscera at either exposure concentration and 14C
      distributed approximately equally to all tissues studied. Elimination of 14C from
      carcass and viscera was biphasic with a terminal half-life of approximately 7
      days. 14C elimination was not uniform in all tissues studied with the most rapid
      elimination occurring in blood and gill and the slowest elimination occurring in
      muscle and intestine. In addition, 10 to 15% of the initial total 14C in carcass
      or viscera was nonextractable and was associated with the protein fraction of the
      sample at all time points in the depuration period. Approximately 20% of an ip
      administered dose of [14C]acrylamide was eliminated via the gills, 7% via the
      urine, and less than 1% via the bile in 2 hr. At least three biliary metabolites
      were isolated by HPLC.

PMID- 4024109
TI  - Acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity studies with 3-O-demethylfortimicin A
      disulfate, a new aminocyclitol antibiotic.
AB  - The acute LD50 for 3-O-demethylfortimicin A disulfate (ODMF) in mice and rats
      were 419 and 778 mg activity/kg (dosages are expressed in terms of antibiotic
      activity (potency), rather than on a weight basis) for single-dose im
      administration and, 90 and 96 mg activity/kg for single-dose iv administration,
      respectively. No drug-related gross or microscopic lesions were found in rabbits
      given single iv infusions of ODMF at dosages of 10 to 400 mg activity/kg. Minimal
      to mild muscle irritation was seen in rabbits given im concentrations of 3.8 or
      7.5% ODMF at dosages of 48 or 93 mg ODMF activity/kg. In 1-month iv studies in
      dogs treated with ODMF at dosages of 0.4, 1, 4, or 8 mg activity/kg/day, and in
      concurrent studies in rats treated with ODMF dosages of 1, 3, 6, or 12 mg
      activity/kg/day, treated animals remained essentially free of adverse effects. In
      1-month im studies in dogs treated with ODMF at dosages of 1, 4, 8, or 16 mg
      activity/kg/day, no renal lesions occurred after an ODMF dosage of 1 mg
      activity/kg/day. Concurrent im studies in rats treated with ODMF at dosages of 6,
      12, 24, or 48 mg activity/kg/day showed that ODMF dosages of 6 and 12 mg
      activity/kg/day did not produce renal lesions. In 6-month chronic im studies in
      dogs with ODMF dosages of 0.5, 1, or 4 mg activity/kg/day or gentamicin sulfate
      (GS) dosages of 2 mg activity/kg/day, and in concurrent studies in rats treated
      with ODMF dosages of 0.5, 2, or 6 mg activity/kg/day or GS dosages of 3 mg
      activity/kg/day, less severe local irritation and nephrotoxicity occurred after
      treatments with ODMF than with GS. In both rats and dogs treated by either the iv
      or the im route of administration, higher concentrations of ODMF and GS were
      found in the kidneys than in the sera. Mean serum and tissue concentrations of GS
      were higher than those of ODMF. Local tissue irritation and nephrotoxicity were
      lower with ODMF than with GS on a milligram activity per kilogram basis.

PMID- 4024110
TI  - Formation of N-mononitrosopiperazine in the stomach and its excretion in the
      urine after oral intake of piperazine.
AB  - Piperazine, a secondary amine widely used as an anthelmintic drug, nitrosates
      rapidly in vitro to form two N-nitrosamines. Anhydrous piperazine and a drug
      formulation were found to have a content of 0.2 to 20 micrograms of the suspected
      carcinogen N-mononitrosopiperazine per gram piperazine, but no detectable amounts
      of the carcinogen N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine. The aim of this study was to
      investigate the possible nitrosation of the drug piperazine in man. Thirty
      minutes after oral administration of 480 mg piperazine to four fasting, healthy,
      male volunteers, gastric juice contained 140 to 230 micrograms/liter N
      mononitrosopiperazine as determined by gas chromatography-thermal energy
      analysis. The total amount produced by endogenous formation in the stomach is
      estimated to have been 30 to 66 micrograms. N-Mononitrosopiperazine was not
      detected in blood, but was excreted in the urine, mainly in the first 6 hr (0.07
      to 2.1 micrograms) with half of this appearing within 3 hr. Internal
      acidification of the urine did not affect the excretion or content. N,N'
      Dinitrosopiperazine was not found in any sample of gastric juice, blood, or
      urine. The excretion of piperazine was in accordance with earlier findings.
      Coadministration of 2 g ascorbic acid resulted in a significant but incomplete
      and varying inhibition of both the nitrosation in the stomach and the excretion
      in urine.

PMID- 4024111
TI  - Effect of tolbutamide and chlorpropamide on acetaldehyde metabolism in two inbred
      strains of mice.
AB  - The mechanisms by which chlorpropamide and tolbutamide disrupt acetaldehyde
      metabolism were studied in C57BL and DBA mice. Acute po administration of varying
      doses of tolbutamide or chlorpropamide 2.5 hr before a 3.0 g/kg ip dose of
      ethanol to C57BL and DBA mice resulted in significant elevations of blood
      acetaldehyde when measured 2.5 hr after ethanol dosing. Dose-response analysis
      revealed a significant (p less than .05) difference in ED50 values for the
      elevated blood acetaldehyde response to tolbutamide in DBA (60 mg/kg) and C57BL
      (100 mg/kg) mice. The ED50 value for potentiation by chlorpropamide of blood
      acetaldehyde concentration was similar (23 to 32 mg/kg) in both inbred strains.
      At higher doses of chlorpropamide, DBA mice displayed elevations of blood
      acetaldehyde nearly threefold greater than those measured in C57BL mice treated
      identically. Measurements of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in hepatic subcellular
      fractions, obtained from both inbred strains treated with 100 mg/kg tolbutamide
      or chlorpropamide prior to a 3.0 g/kg dose of ethanol, revealed a 50 to 80%
      inhibition of the low-Km ALDH present in mitochondria. Chlorpropamide and
      tolbutamide did not inhibit ALDH in vitro, suggesting that metabolites of these
      hypoglycemic agents may be responsible for the genotypic-dependent alterations in
      in vivo acetaldehyde oxidation.

PMID- 4024112
TI  - Cadmium-induced lung injury: cell kinetics and long-term effects.
AB  - The effects of exposure to CdCl2 aerosols followed by hyperoxia were studied in
      mouse lung. Special emphasis was placed on analysis of cell proliferation
      following injury. Male Balb/c mice were exposed to aerosols of 4.9 micrograms
      Cd/liter for 1 hr while controls were exposed to water aerosols. Immediately
      after, half of each group was placed in 80% O2 for 6 days, while the rest were
      left in room air. Three endpoints were used to assess lung injury; measurement of
      hydroxyproline, [14C]thymidine incorporation into DNA, and histopathology.
      Parenchymal and bronchiolar labeling indices were determined following
      autoradiography. A 1-hr exposure to CdCl2 aerosols caused marked cell
      proliferation in the lung with the peak of cell labeling occurring at Day 5. In
      animals exposed to both CdCl2 + 80% O2, the cell labeling peak was delayed until
      Day 9. Cell differentiation studies showed a delay in the peak of type II
      epithelial cell and endothelial cell division when CdCl2 exposure was followed by
      the 80% O2 treatment. On Day 15 most of the labeled cells were identified as
      interstitial cells in both treated groups. Bronchiolar cell labeling was
      suppressed at the early time period in the Cd + O2 group. With time, the
      histologically visible lung lesions tended to resolve in animals exposed to CdCl2
      or CdCl2 and 80% O2, whereas total pulmonary hydroxyproline remained at all times
      (3, 6, and 12 months) significantly higher in Cd-treated animals when compared to
      controls. It was concluded that acute lung injury by a toxic inhalant can be
      amplified if there is an initial delay in pulmonary cell proliferation following
      an acute insult.

PMID- 4024113
TI  - Taurolithocholate-induced intrahepatic cholestasis: potentiation by methyl
      isobutyl ketone and methyl n-butyl ketone in rats.
AB  - Haloalkane-induced hepatonecrogenesis can be potentiated by the prior
      administration of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and methyl n-butyl ketone (MBK).
      We investigated the possibility that these ketones could potentiate the
      cholestasis induced by taurolithocholate (TLC) in rats. Daily ketone pretreatment
      for 3 or 7 days resulted in an enhancement of the diminution in bile flow
      observed after TLC challenge. When the ketones were administered without TLC
      challenge, cholestasis was not observed; in fact, slight increases in bile flow
      did occur. The data suggest that MIBK may be more effective than MBK as a
      potentiator. Preliminary experiments with 2,5-hexanedione (HD), a metabolite of
      MBK and a potent potentiator of haloalkane hepatonecrosis, were included in the
      study. HD appeared to be a less potent potentiator of TLC-induced cholestasis.
      Although some ketones can potentiate cholestatic as well as hepatonecrogenic
      reactions, different mechanisms of action appear to be involved in these two
      phenomena.

PMID- 4024114
TI  - The effects of chronic low lead treatment and hypertension on the severity of
      cardiac arrhythmias induced by coronary artery ligation in anesthetized rats.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate whether chronic (1, 3, 6, 12, or 16
      months) low lead (5 or 25 ppm), administered as lead acetate in the drinking
      water, commencing either after weaning or from conception, altered the
      susceptibility of the heart to arrhythmias induced by coronary artery ligation in
      pentobarbitone anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. The cardiac effects of
      chronic (3 or 12 months) administration of lead (25 ppm) were also examined in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats. Treatment from weaning of normotensive rats with
      5 or 25 ppm lead for periods of 1, 3, or 6 months had no statistically
      significant effect on the severity of ischemia-induced arrhythmias. Each of the
      groups treated from conception with 5 or 25 ppm lead for periods of 1, 12, or 16
      months exhibited a higher incidence of ventricular tachycardia than the
      appropriate control group, but the difference was statistically significant only
      in the case of animals treated with 25 ppm lead for 12 months. The incidence of
      ventricular fibrillation was significantly higher in rats treated from conception
      for 16 months with 5, but not with 25 ppm lead. Spontaneously hypertensive rats
      treated with 25 ppm lead for 3 but not for 12 months had significantly more
      ectopic beats than control Sprague-Dawley rats. Lead treatment for the longer
      exposure periods only caused significant accumulation of lead in the blood
      whereas all lead treatments resulted in a marked accumulation in the bone. We
      conclude that chronic exposure to low concentrations of lead does not
      consistently alter susceptibility of the heart to ischemia-induced arrhythmias in
      anesthetized rats

PMID- 4024115
TI  - Dose-response studies of gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats with experimental
      renal dysfunction. I. Subtotal surgical nephrectomy.
AB  - Gentamicin pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity have not been widely studied in
      animals with preexisting renal dysfunction, despite the fact that nephrotoxicity
      is a continuing manifestation of clinical therapy. The present study contrasted
      the dose-response nephrotoxicity of gentamicin in control rats with that of rats
      with renal insufficiency secondary to subtotal (2/3) surgical nephrectomy. Total
      daily doses ranging from 0 to 120 mg/kg were given in a divided regimen, every 8
      hr and doses were reduced by doubling the interval in subtotally nephrectomized
      (Nx) rats, in proportion to impaired renal elimination on the first day of
      gentamicin administration. Estimates of renal function, including creatinine
      clearance, fractional sodium and potassium excretion, and serum creatinine and
      urea nitrogen, were collected after 6 and 12 days of dosing. In addition, urinary
      N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase excretion (6 days), in vitro renal cortical slice
      accumulation of tetraethylammonium (TEA) (6 days), quantified morphological
      lesions (12 days), and renal gentamicin concentrations (6 days) were examined.
      Pharmacokinetic data collected immediately after the first dose revealed a
      reduced gentamicin clearance and slightly reduced volume of distribution, with a
      corresponding prolonged half-life in the Nx rats. Based on statistical analysis
      of the dose-response relationships, Nx rats were functionally resistant to
      gentamicin nephrotoxicity after 6 days of dosing. This resistance was partially
      reversed by 12 days dosing, despite light-microscopic evidence of greater
      structural damage in the control rats. Renal parenchymal gentamicin
      concentrations were lower at some doses in the Nx rats, in contrast to the higher
      fractional reabsorption found in these rats at all doses. TEA transport was
      depressed at all doses in control rats but not at the lower doses in Nx rats,
      indicating that resistance was partially mediated at the level of the proximal
      tubular epithelium. This study demonstrates altered gentamicin pharmacokinetics
      and nephrotoxicity in a surgical model of renal dysfunction in rats.

PMID- 4024116
TI  - Dose-response studies of gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats with experimental
      renal dysfunction. II. Polyvinyl alcohol glomerulopathy.
AB  - Animal studies involving concurrent pathophysiologic states, including
      experimental renal dysfunction, are useful for a proper understanding of the
      mechanisms of gentamicin nephrotoxicity and acute renal failure. This study
      examined gentamicin nephrotoxicity in a model of glomerular dysfunction in rats.
      Administration of medium molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) produced a
      glomerulopathy, with characteristic accumulation of macromolecular PVA in the
      glomerular mesangium without altering glomerular filtration or causing
      proteinuria. Subsequent daily doses of gentamicin ranging from 0 to 120 mg/kg
      elicited a dose-response nephrotoxicity in both control and PVA-pretreated rats
      after 6 or 12 days of drug. Based on statistical analysis of renal clearances of
      creatinine, urea, sodium, and potassium; serum creatinine and urea nitrogen;
      urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase excretion (6 days only); in vitro renal
      cortical transport of tetraethylammonium (TEA) (6 days); and quantified light
      microscopic data (12 days), PVA induced an early (6 days) sensitivity to
      gentamicin nephrotoxicity. By 12 days, there were no differences in the responses
      of control and PVA rats to gentamicin. Single-dose gentamicin clearance, volume
      of distribution, and half-life were not altered by PVA and renal concentrations
      at 6 days were generally lower in these rats. Results of TEA transport studies
      tend to rule out PVA-induced metabolic lesions in the proximal tubular epithelium
      as the mechanism for the early sensitivity. This investigation demonstrates
      altered gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats with an otherwise benign glomerulopathy
      and, combined with similar conclusions from a related study in subtotally
      nephrectomized rats, presents further evidence that the underlying
      pathophysiologic state of the kidney is an important factor in the renal response
      to nephrotoxins.

PMID- 4024117
TI  - Adverse effect of a sucrose-based semipurified diet on development and postnatal
      growth of Fischer rats.
AB  - A commercially prepared semipurified diet (Bio-Serve No. 0006Q) composed of
      chemically defined ingredients was fed to male and female F344 rats before
      mating, to females during gestation, and to the offspring after weaning. Compared
      to rats treated similarly but fed a standard, cereal-based chow (Agway CR RMH
      3000), offspring on the semipurified diet exhibited markedly retarded growth. At
      12 weeks of age, the deficits in body weight were accompanied by decreased
      absolute organ weights, increased organ-to-body weight ratios, increased serum
      cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and development of hepatic periportal
      lipidosis in both male and female offspring on the semipurified diet. The
      deficits in body weight are explained, in part, by decreased intake of the
      semipurified diet, most likely attributable to its high sucrose content.
      Investigators are cautioned about the inadequacy of certain semipurified diets
      for development and postnatal growth of F344 rats.

PMID- 4024118
TI  - Effects of xylene isomers on operant responding and motor performance in mice.
AB  - Xylene, a widely used industrial solvent, is a mixture of the ortho-, meta-, and
      paraisomers. In this study we examined the effects of each individual isomer, as
      well as a commercial-grade mixture of xylenes, on two behavioral measures: (1)
      operant performance of 15 mice trained to lever-press under a DRL (differential
      reinforcement of low rates) 10-sec schedule, and (2) motor performance of mice on
      an inverted screen test. The 15-min operant sessions immediately followed 30-min
      exposures to solvent vapors (500 to 7000 ppm), or air, in static inhalation
      chambers. All mice were exposed to each isomer in a counterbalanced order, and
      the mixture was given last in all cases. Ortho-, meta-, para-, and mixed xylenes
      produced similar biphasic effects on response rates, and concentration-dependent
      decreases in reinforcement rates. The lowest significantly effective
      concentration for each isomer on any variable was 1400 ppm, where increases in
      response rates occurred. Half-maximal response rate decreases were produced by
      5179 ppm (ortho-xylene) to 6176 ppm (meta-xylene). The temporal distribution of
      responses was only moderately disrupted, even at high concentrations. In other
      groups of mice, motor coordination was also disrupted by the xylenes in a
      concentration-dependent manner. Half-maximal effective concentrations were 2676
      ppm (para-xylene) to 3790 ppm (meta-xylene). Minimally effective concentrations
      were 2000 to 3000 ppm, higher than those seen in the operant studies. Xylene
      produced pronounced behavioral actions following acute exposure and no
      substantial differences in overall effects, and only slight potency differences,
      were obtained between the individual isomers or the commercial mixture.

PMID- 4024119
TI  - The influence of maternal cadmium exposure or fetal cadmium injection on hepatic
      metallothionein concentrations in the fetal rat.
AB  - The ability of Cd to induce the synthesis of fetal hepatic metallothionein (MT)
      was investigated in rat fetuses exposed to Cd throughout gestation via the
      mother's drinking water or injected directly with Cd through the uterine wall on
      Day 18 of gestation. On Day 21 all dams were killed and fetal and maternal
      tissues were removed. Tissue MT, Zn, Cu, and Cd concentrations were measured.
      Fetal hepatic Cd concentration was increased only at the high maternal Cd
      exposure, whereas Zn concentration was significantly reduced by Cd exposure. Both
      fetal liver and kidney MT were reduced following maternal Cd exposure. Unlike
      maternal hepatic MT, fetal hepatic MT was not increased after maternal Cd
      exposure nor did the direct injection of Cd into the 18 days of gestation fetus
      induce fetal MT synthesis. These data suggest that fetal rat liver is incapable
      of synthesizing MT in response to Cd, possibly because Cd is not transported to
      the site of MT synthesis in the fetal system. Furthermore, neither the route of
      exposure, the duration of prenatal Cd exposure, nor the stage of gestation appear
      to account for the differences observed between fetal and adult hepatic MT
      induction by Cd.

PMID- 4024120
TI  - Comparative neurotoxicity of tubulin-binding drugs: inhibition of goldfish optic
      nerve regeneration.
AB  - Intraperitoneal or intraocular (io) injection of tubulin-binding drugs in
      goldfish, Carassius auratus L., inhibited axonal regeneration or restoration of
      functional synapses in optic axons following optic nerve crush. One eye was used
      to detect effects on regeneration and the other was kept intact to detect effects
      on maintenance of established optic circuits. Regeneration was assessed by
      measuring the time to reappearance of a visually evoked branchial suppression
      response. Three drugs, vincristine, vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin,
      administered semiweekly by ip injection, each inhibited regeneration at doses
      that did not impair maintenance of response. Similar results were previously
      reported for ip colchicine. Vincristine was several times more potent than
      podophyllotoxin or colchicine and 25 times more potent than vinblastine.
      Picropodophyllotoxin, an isomer of podophyllotoxin which has low affinity for
      tubulin, did not inhibit regeneration. The io experiments showed that maintenance
      of vision was reversibly inhibited by a single injection of 0.05 micrograms/g of
      colchicine but unaffected by 0.01 microgram/g, and that administration of the
      lower dose immediately following optic nerve crush inhibited regeneration.
      Intraocular lumicolchicine, a colchicine photoisomer which has low affinity for
      tubulin, did not inhibit maintenance or regeneration. In contrast, an io dose of
      vincristine sufficient to inhibit visual recovery also blocked maintenance of
      vision. Thus regeneration and maintenance effects could not be dissociated for io
      vincristine suggesting its mechanism of action on retinal cells is different. A
      conditioning lesion was shown to decrease the time to reappearance of the
      visually evoked branchial response following optic nerve crush, which indicates
      that it is a sensitive index of the rate of axonal outgrowth to the optic tectum.

PMID- 4024121
TI  - Procarbazine spermatogenesis toxicity: deuterium isotope effects point to
      regioselective metabolism in mice.
AB  - Procarbazine was shown to decrease spermatogenesis in male mice in a dose
      dependent manner. Significant decreases (44% of controls) in spermatogenesis were
      observed when a dose of 400 mg/kg was administered 18 days prior to determination
      of sperm count. Procarbazine caused no significant acute spermatocidal activity
      in vivo. Procarbazine-associated decreases in spermatogenesis were thus used as
      an index of toxicity to developing spermatid cells. Procarbazine analogs were
      synthesized that had deuterium substituted for hydrogen at the benzylic position,
      N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-[alpha, alpha-2H2]toluamide (d2
      procarbazine), or at the methyl position, N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-[alpha, alpha,
      alpha-2H3]methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide (d3-procarbazine). Spermatogenesis
      decreases caused by d3-procarbazine were essentially the same as with
      procarbazine in mice (66% of controls at a dose of 200 mg/kg), but d2
      procarbazine was nontoxic to developing sperm cells (99% of control at a dose of
      200 mg/kg). The decrease in toxicity caused by deuterium substitution at the
      benzylic position, coupled with the absence of an effect with the methyl-labeled
      analog, indicate the requirement for regioselective oxidative metabolism of
      procarbazine at the benzylic position prior to the toxic event.

PMID- 4024122
TI  - Ethyl acrylate-induced gastric toxicity. I. Effect of single and repetitive
      dosing.
AB  - Ethyl acrylate (EtAc) is widely used in the production of polymers and copolymers
      for use in the preparation of latex paints, textiles, paper coatings, and
      specialty plastics. EtAc caused squamous cell carcinomas and papillomas in the
      forestomach (nonglandular portion of the stomach) of both sexes of F344 rats and
      B6C3F1 mice when administered chronically by gavage. The current studies were
      undertaken to investigate and characterize the nature of the acute gastric
      toxicity caused by EtAc. Gavage administration of a single dose of 100, 200, or
      400 mg/kg EtAc (in corn oil) to F344 male rats caused dose-and time-dependent
      mucosal and submucosal edema and vacuolization of the tunica muscularis in the
      forestomach and mild submucosal edema in the glandular stomach. Equivalent sc or
      ip doses did not produce similar gastric lesions. Treatment of rats with two or
      four consecutive oral daily doses (200 mg/kg each) of EtAc caused mucosal edema
      associated with vesicle formation, mucosal hyperplasia, submucosal edema and
      inflammation, and vacuolization of the tunica muscularis of the forestomach.
      Submucosal edema and inflammation were also observed in the glandular stomach and
      mucosal erosions or ulcers were observed in both portions of the stomach after
      repeated oral exposure to EtAc. The absence of systemic toxicity plus the
      dependency of gastric lesions on the gavage route of administration suggest that
      the EtAc-induced gastric lesions may be a consequence of localized hemodynamic
      changes, specifically those characteristic of a classical immediate inflammatory
      response to an injurious agent at the site of administration.

PMID- 4024123
TI  - Ethyl acrylate-induced gastric toxicity. II. Structure-toxicity relationships and
      mechanism.
AB  - Earlier studies conducted in this laboratory demonstrated that gavage
      administration of ethyl acrylate caused pronounced gastric toxicity in rats given
      single or repeated doses. The current studies were undertaken to investigate the
      structural, metabolic, and physical basis of this chemically induced gastric
      toxicity. Gavage administration of equimolar doses (2 mmol/kg) of methyl or ethyl
      acrylate in corn oil resulted in profound gastric toxicity in male F344 rats,
      while acrylic acid and n-butyl acrylate were without effect. Furthermore, gavage
      administration of equimolar doses of methyl propionate or ethyl propionate
      (saturated analogues of methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate, respectively) as well
      as methacrylic acid esters were without gastric toxicity. These results indicate
      that structural requirements for acrylate esters to cause gastric lesions include
      an intact ester moiety, a double bond, and no substitution at carbon number 2.
      Additional studies indicate that gastric toxicity may be attributed to the intact
      ester molecule or to metabolite(s) other than products of carboxylesterase
      mediated hydrolysis (acrylic acid and alcohol) and that gastric toxicity is
      dependent upon both acrylate ester concentration in dose vehicle and the
      lipophilicity of the dose vehicle (corn oil vs water).

PMID- 4024124
TI  - Concentration-dependent respiratory response of guinea pigs to a single exposure
      of cotton dust.
AB  - Eight groups of guinea pigs were exposed to cotton dust at concentrations of 2 to
      27 mg/m3. Each exposure was for 6 hr. The pulmonary function of each animal was
      assessed prior to exposure, following exposure, and 18 hr following exposure.
      Tidal volume decreased while respiratory frequency increased in a concentration
      dependent manner. These changes were amplified when the same measurements were
      conducted while the animals were breathing an atmosphere containing 10% CO2 in
      19% O2 and 71% N2. Greatest response was noted at 18 hr postexposure. The
      concentration-response effects can be applied to evaluate the respiratory
      potencies of different cotton dusts grown under a variety of conditions.

PMID- 4024125
TI  - Turnover of parenterally administered zinc and cadmium and the redistribution of
      metallothionein bound zinc in newborn rats.
AB  - The whole body retention, tissue distribution and protein binding patterns of
      65Zn were compared with 109Cd in newborn rats during postnatal development. One
      day-old pups received a single injection of either 65Zn (2.5 microCi) or 109Cd
      (2.5 microCi plus 1 mg Cd/kg as CdCl2). During the 22 days of age, the whole body
      retention of 109Cd was higher than that for 65Zn. The biological half times were
      466 and 46.3 days for 109Cd and 65Zn, respectively. There were marked differences
      in tissue deposition of these metals. Both liver and kidney accumulated more
      109Cd than other tissues while the 65Zn showed a uniform distribution, with a
      gradual decrease in radioactivity with age. At the time of weaning, 109Cd had
      accumulated mainly in liver and kidney whereas, 65Zn was found predominantly in
      bone and skin. The specific binding of 109Cd to hepatic MT in newborn rats did
      not change with growth. Although a significant amount of 65Zn initially
      accumulated in the MT fractions in the liver, it was transferred gradually to
      high molecular weight protein fractions during development. The administration of
      these 2 metals had no effect on the body weight, liver weight and total hepatic
      zinc concentration. However, a significantly high content of MT and zinc in MT
      fractions was detected in the livers of Cd-treated rats at 22 days of age. The
      results show the transfer of the essential metal, zinc from hepatic MT to other
      proteins and the specific binding of cadmium, the non-essential metal to MT
      during postnatal development in rats.

PMID- 4024126
TI  - Structure-nephrotoxicity relationships for para-substituted N-phenylsuccinimides
      in Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats.
AB  - N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) has proven to be one of the most
      nephrotoxic compounds of a series of N-(halophenyl)succinimides. Previous studies
      in our laboratory have demonstrated that chlorine content and position on the
      phenyl ring are important determinants for NDPS-induced nephrotoxicity. The
      purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the electron
      donating or withdrawing nature of phenyl group substituents and the nephrotoxic
      potential of the corresponding fungicides. Rats were administered a para
      substituted N-phenylsuccinimide (0.4 or 1.0 mmol/kg, i.p.) or sesame oil (2.5
      ml/kg, i.p.), and renal function was monitored at 24 h and 48 h. In Sprague
      Dawley rats, a clear nephrotoxicity was produced by NDPS. Weak nephrotoxicity was
      produced by N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)succinimide (NBPS). NDPS also was the most
      nephrotoxic compound in Fischer 344 rats, while weak nephrotoxicity was produced
      by NBPS. Lipophilic character (e.g. partition coefficient) did not correlate with
      acute nephrotoxicity in either rat strain. These results also indicate that there
      is a no correlation between the electronic nature of the phenyl substituents and
      resulting nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4024127
TI  - Lethal and behavioral effects of chlordimeform in bobwhite.
AB  - The 7-day LC50 of chlordimeform to bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) chicks was 2835
      ppm (95% CI = 2169-3705 ppm). Bobwhite chicks fed 1000 ppm (approximately LC4)
      chlordimeform for 7 days ate less, weighed less, travelled farther from a fright
      stimulus in an avoidance test, and had significantly more groups make greater
      than or equal to 10 light beam interruptions in an open-field test at 8 days of
      age than bobwhite fed 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppm chlordimeform (P less than or equal to
      0.05). Groups fed 100 ppm (P less than or equal to 0.05) and 1000 ppm (P = 0.11)
      for 7 days crossed more often from the shallow to deep side of a visual cliff at
      8 days of age than birds fed lesser concentrations of chlordimeform. Bobwhites
      were retested at 15 days of age, after being fed untreated diets for 7 days
      following the chlordimeform diets. The 1000 ppm group still travelled greater
      distances in the avoidance test (P less than or equal to 0.05). But open-field
      and visual cliff performances were similar to controls and other treatment
      groups. Chlordimeform concentrations causing behavioral aberrations in bobwhite
      were appreciably higher than environmental concentrations following field
      applications of chlordimeform.

PMID- 4024128
TI  - Ethanol toxicity in primary cultures of rat myocardial cells.
AB  - The potential cardiotoxicity of ethanol (EtOH) was evaluated in primary cultures
      of rat myocardial cells. EtOH cardiotoxicity was assessed in the cells on the
      basis of cell morphology, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, succinate
      dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and beating rates. Cells were treated with EtOH at
      concentrations of 600, 800, and 1000 mg% for duration of 1, 4, and 24 h and then
      evaluated for cardiotoxicity. Vacuole formation occurred 1 h after exposure to
      EtOH at 800 and 1000 mg%; by 4 h, cytosolic granular material appeared in these
      cells. Exposure for 24 h to all concentrations of EtOH resulted in vacuole,
      granule, and pseudopod formation and loss of cross-striations. Significant LDH
      leakage occurred at 1 h and 4 h with 800 and 1000 mg% EtOH. LDH release was
      significantly increased after 24 h with all concentrations. SDH activity was
      significantly depressed after 24 h with all concentrations of EtOH. Beating rates
      were altered as early as 1 h after exposure to 800 and 1000 mg% EtOH. After 24 h,
      those cells exposed to the highest concentrations of EtOH were not beating at
      all. These data suggest that primary myocardial cell cultures may be used to
      assess the in vitro cardiotoxicity of EtOH to the myocardial cell.

PMID- 4024129
TI  - Manipulation of mouse organ glutathione contents I: Enhancement by oral
      administration of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene.
AB  - Administration of either butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or butylated
      hydroxytoluene (BHT) (1000 mg/kg/day for 5 days) to male mice increased the
      content of reduced glutathione by 50-100% in liver, lung, duodenum and intestine.
      In colon, glandular stomach, spleen and kidney no effect on glutathione level was
      observed. BHA and BHT led also to 100-1000% induction of glutathione transferases
      in liver, lung (only BHA), kidney and digestive tract (except the colon); the
      relative increase in transferase activity was greater with 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene (DCNB) as a substrate than with CDNB in all organs investigated.
      The effects of BHA, administered in olive oil by gavage, on different parts of
      the gastrointestinal tract revealed maximum increase of the glutathione content
      and transferase activities in the duodenum, smaller increase of these parameters
      in the upper intestine and no significant effects in the lower intestine and the
      colon. Starving mice for 1 day decreased the glutathione content of the liver by
      50% to 21.3 +/- 4.5 nmol/mg protein in controls and to 39.4 +/- 3.3 in BHA
      treated animals. Intravenous injection of 0.5 mmol GSH/kg restored the fed state
      (C: 37.4 +/- 2.8 nmol GSH/mg protein; BHA: 84.9 +/- 7.7) within 2 h. This
      indicates a much faster de novo synthesis of liver glutathione in BHA-pretreated
      animals. The mechanistic aspects of phenolic antioxidant effects on GSH
      metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 4024130
TI  - Nomenclature of biological toxins.

PMID- 4024131
TI  - Some previously published material relating to nomenclature of toxins.

PMID- 4024132
TI  - A new method for quantitating hemorrhage induced by rattlesnake venoms.

PMID- 4024133
TI  - Liposomal immunisation against snake venoms.
AB  - A method is described which produces a high, permanent antibody response
      following a single injection of venom. Animals (mice, rabbits, sheep) were given
      intravenous, subcutaneous or orally administered Nigerian Echis carinatus (carpet
      viper) venom which had been incorporated into sphingomyelin-cholesterol liposomes
      whose membranes had been stabilized by cross-linking adjacent molecules of
      sphingomyelin using osmium tetroxide. Before use the preparations were thoroughly
      dialysed to remove any unbound osmium tetroxide. Antibody levels were estimated
      using enzyme immunoassay. Venom treated in this way and administered i.v. or s.c.
      produced a powerful, sustained and protective antibody response lasting for the
      lifetime of a mouse. We also report the development of significant antibody
      responses after oral administration of liposome-entrapped but not free venom.

PMID- 4024134
TI  - Ochratoxin A-induced porcine nephropathy: enzyme and ultrastructure changes after
      short-term exposure.
AB  - Four pigs were treated with ochratoxin A (800 micrograms/kg) for five consecutive
      days. Subsequently, urine and bile were collected and kidneys were perfusion
      fixed unilaterally. Liver and kidney samples were examined for the distribution
      of ochratoxin A and metabolites in subcellular fractions and the effects of the
      toxin on protein synthesis and enzyme activities. Ochratoxin A and the hydrolytic
      product, ochratoxin alpha, were found in urine. Elevated levels of toxin
      accumulation in kidney (283 ng/g) compared with liver (189 ng/g) and toxin
      mediated reductions in protein synthesis and enzyme activities in kidney
      identified it as a target organ of ochratoxin toxicity. Ultrastructural
      investigations of kidney in toxin-exposed animals identified a process of
      condensation of cellular material with disappearance of membranes and continuous
      desquamation in the lower part of the proximal convoluted tubules. In target
      cells peroxisomes appeared to have lost membrane integrity and the organelles
      were leaking materials into the cytosol. Reduction of structural integrity was
      associated with an increase in the presence of catalase and cyanide insensitive
      fatty acid oxidase activity in the soluble kidney fractions.

PMID- 4024135
TI  - Characterization of two arginine ester hydrolases from Mojave rattlesnake
      (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) venom.
AB  - Two arginine ester hydrolases, designated AAEI and AAEII, from the venom of
      Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus have been investigated. The amino acid content of
      both enzymes were very similar and both esterases contained carbohydrate.
      Following treatment of AAEI and AAEII with neuraminidase, both enzymes migrated
      identically in two electrophoresis systems and one electrofocusing system. The
      esterase activities of both enzymes were optimally active in the range pH 8.0
      8.5. Neither esterase hydrolyzed casein, hemoglobin (Hb) or alpha-N-benzoyl-DL
      arginine-p-nitroaniline (BAPNA), yet both AAEI and AAEII hydrolyzed alpha-N
      benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE), alpha-N-benzoyl-L-arginine methyl ester
      (BAME), p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) and acetylphenylalanylarginine
      methyl ester (Ac-Phe-Arg-OMe). The esterase activities of the two enzymes were
      inhibited by serine specific reagents and benzamide, but not by EDTA or soybean
      trypsin inhibitor. The Km values for each enzyme with alpha-N-benzoyl-L-arginine
      ethyl ester and acetylphenylalanylarginine methyl ester were determined. Neither
      esterase displayed thrombin-like or fibrinolytic activities. Both AAEI and AEII
      possessed kinin releasing activity as shown by the twitch response of an isolated
      rat uterus. The N-terminal sequences of AAEI and AAEII were identical and both
      enzymes sequences were similar to other arginine esterases from crotalid venoms.
      The properties of AAEI and AAEII are compared to several other arginine esterases
      possessing kallikrein-like activities which have been isolated from snake venoms.

PMID- 4024136
TI  - Tetrodotoxin derivatives in puffer fish.
AB  - Analysis of puffer fish tissue extracts by a fluorometric tetrodotoxin analyzer
      revealed the presence of three tetrodotoxin derivatives besides tetrodotoxin. The
      derivatives were isolated and identified as tetrodonic acid, 4-epitetrodotoxin
      and anhydrotetrodotoxin on the basis of mass spectral and 1H NMR measurements.
      The lethal potencies of 4-epitetrodotoxin and anhydrotetrodotoxin to mice by i.p.
      injection were 710 and 92 mouse units/mg, respectively.

PMID- 4024137
TI  - A sleep-inducing peptide from Conus geographus venom.
AB  - A novel peptide toxin, which causes a sleep-like state upon intracerebral
      injection in mice, has been purified to homogeneity from the venom of the
      piscivorous marine snail Conus geographus L. It elicits no obvious effects when
      injected i.p. into either mice or fish. The purified toxin is a highly acidic
      heptadecapeptide with no cystine residues (Lys1, Arg1, Asx2, Ser1, Glx7-8, Gly1,
      Ile1, Leu2). This composition is in marked contrast to those of other conotoxins,
      which are basic and disulphide-bridged. The N-terminal residue is Gly and the
      COOH-terminal sequence is Ser-Asn-NH2.

PMID- 4024138
TI  - Studies on the chemical modification of hemorrhagic toxin I from five pace snake
      (Agkistrodon acutus) venom.
AB  - The chemical modification of hemorrhagic toxin I (AaHI) from Agkistrodon acutus
      has been studied. Inactivation was observed upon modification of 3 out of 7
      histidine residues with diethyl pyrocarbonate. The His residues are deblocked,
      accompanied by a return of activity, upon treatment with neutral hydroxylamine.
      The circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of diethyl pyrocarbonate
      inactivated toxin and the native toxin are the same, indicating that modification
      with diethyl pyrocarbonate does not cause any gross change in the structure of
      the protein. At least one His residue may thus play an essential role in the
      enzyme activity. Reaction of the toxin with N-bromosuccimide abolished the enzyme
      activity, with modification of Trp, Tyr and His residues. The loss of Trp did not
      parallel the inactivation. Hydrogen peroxide, dioxane and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl
      bromide treatment damaged the Trp residues, but did not affect the activity.
      Therefore, the modified tryptophan side chains are not essential for activity.
      Modification of 2.5-3.0 Tyr residues out of 9 with acetylimidazole did not affect
      the enzyme activity, nor did nitration of the toxin with tetranitromethane. The
      reactive tyrosines are apparently not essential.

PMID- 4024139
TI  - Characterization of the messenger RNA population coding for components of viperid
      snake venom.
AB  - Total polyadenylated messenger RNA was prepared from the milked venom glands of
      the South African puff adder (Bitis arietans) and translated in an in vitro
      translation system. The products of cell free synthesis were immunoprecipitable
      with puff adder venom antiserum. Treatment of these cell free products with a dog
      pancreas microsomal membrane preparation demonstrated the presence of signal
      peptides. Northern blot hybridization of total puff adder venom gland mRNA to its
      complementary single stranded copy DNA revealed two discrete mRNA populations
      coding for the major components of puff adder venom. The relative amounts of
      these polyadenylated mRNA sequences changed during the onset of venom synthesis,
      suggesting mRNA deadenylation, general endonucleolytic RNA degradation and
      selective degradation of high molecular weight message components.

PMID- 4024140
TI  - Ability of a mixture of antimyotoxin a serum and polyvalent (Crotalidae)
      antivenin to neutralize myonecrosis, hemorrhage and lethality induced by prairie
      rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom.
AB  - Mixtures containing polyvalent (Crotalidae) antivenin and antimyotoxin a serum
      were tested for their ability to neutralize the myotoxic, hemorrhagic and lethal
      activities of crude C. v. viridis venom when mixed with the venom prior to
      injection into white mice. A light microscopic method was used to measure the
      local myotoxic activity of the venom, i.e. myonecrosis index. The results show
      that the neutralizing ability of a 1:1 mixture of antisera for myonecrosis was 16
      times that of antimyotoxin a serum alone and 63 times that of antivenin alone.
      There was no difference in neutralizing ability of the three ratios (2:1, 1:1,
      1:2) of antivenin: antimyotoxin serum tested. Hemorrhage was measured by a new
      method in which the amount of hemoglobin in a muscle extract was measured after
      i.m. injection of test solution. The results show that the ability of a 1:1
      mixture to neutralize hemorrhage was comparable to that of antivenin alone. There
      was no difference in hemorrhage neutralizing ability of the three ratios tested.
      In its ability to neutralize lethality, the 1:1 mixture was again comparable to
      antivenin. However, when the three different ratios of antisera were tested for
      neutralization of lethality the 2:1 and 1:1 ratios were as effective as antivenin
      alone, whereas the 1:2 ratio (antivenin: antimyotoxin serum) was less effective
      than antivenin alone. Thus the addition of antimyotoxin a serum to antivenin in
      equal proportions greatly improves the neutralization of the myotoxic activity of
      C. v. viridis venom and does not decrease the ability of antivenin to neutralize
      hemorrhage and lethality.

PMID- 4024142
TI  - Detection of tetrodotoxin-like compounds in two species of puffer fishes
      (Lagocephalus lunaris lunaris and Fugu niphobles).
AB  - The toxins in the muscle, skin and liver of the puffer fish Lagocephalus lunaris
      lunaris and those in the skin and liver of another puffer fish Fugu niphobles
      were purified by successive column chromatography on activated charcoal, Bio-Gel
      P-2 and Bio-Rex 70 and analyzed by electrophoresis and thin layer chromatography.
      Although, regardless of the tissues and species, tetrodotoxin was predominant and
      accounted for more than 90% of the total toxins, the following minor toxins were
      newly detected; toxin A and toxin B in L. lunaris lunaris and toxin C in F.
      niphobles. Since these minor toxins, like tetrodotoxin, were positive to the
      Weber reagent and 10% KOH, but negative to 1% H2O2, they were assumed to be
      tetrodotoxin-like compounds. Interestingly, the electrophoretic and thin layer
      chromatographic analyses showed that toxin A and toxin C are probably identical
      with AFT3 and AFT1, the minor toxins in the crab Atergatis floridus from Chiba,
      Japan, respectively.

PMID- 4024141
TI  - Staphylococcal alpha toxin induced changes in the electroencephalogram of the
      rat.
AB  - Staphylococcal alpha-toxin at 1 microgram and 10 micrograms was injected into the
      right lateral ventricle of the brain of conscious, unrestrained rats. Clinical
      behavior and changes in EEG patterns were monitored. Clinical behavior attributed
      to alpha-toxin intoxication consisted of intermittent periods of stretching,
      tremors, convulsions and 'barrel rolling'. The EEG patterns, selected from
      recordings obtained during quiescent periods of behavior, demonstrate focal
      spiking, with and without recruitment, slow waves, spindling and complex spikes.
      We conclude that the central nervous system is a critical target for the lethal
      action of alpha-toxin.

PMID- 4024143
TI  - Absence of toxin-producing parapodial glands in amphinomid polychaetes
      (fireworms).
AB  - Amphinomid polychaetes (fireworms) have been responsible for 'bristleworm
      stingings' and their large setae are reputed to be filled with toxin. The setae
      and parapodia of Eurythoe complanata, Chloeia flava and Pherecardia striata were
      examined using histological and scanning electron microscope techniques. No
      evidence was found for hypothesised toxin-producing glands communicating with the
      parapodial setae. Setae were hollow, but empty. It is suggested that these
      polychaetes are urticating rather than toxic.

PMID- 4024144
TI  - Comparative studies on three rattlesnake toxins.
AB  - Toxins from the venoms of Crotalus durissus terrificus, Crotalus s. scutulatus
      and Crotalus viridis concolor were compared using gel filtration, ion-exchange
      chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and denaturing and non-denaturing polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. The three heterodimeric native toxins behaved similarly on
      each of the separation media, except that the C. d. terrificus toxin displayed a
      pronounced tendency to dissociate on DEAE-Sephacel, even in the absence of urea.
      In the presence of 6M urea, subunit dissociation was quantitative for all three
      toxins. Recombination of purified subunits resulted in toxins which eluted from
      the gel filtration column in identical fashion to native toxins. Non-denaturing
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of recombined toxins actually showed
      greater band resolution than did the native toxins. Six hybrid toxins were
      generated on polyacrylamide gels from cross-combinations of purified subunits,
      each with different mobilities than the parental toxins. Mobilities of the hybrid
      toxins depended principally upon the mobilities of the basic subunits. All three
      purified native toxins showed comparable LD50's in female mice (0.039-0.061
      micrograms/g). The C. d. terrificus acidic X C. s. scutulatus basic hybrid toxin
      showed toxicity identical to that of the C. s. scutulatus recombined toxin.
      Phospholipase activity is associated with the basic subunit in all three toxins.
      Intact toxins show a distinctive lag in phospholipase activity which is not seen
      with purified basic subunits alone. These results indicate that the principal
      toxins in these three venoms are homologous.

PMID- 4024145
TI  - A combination fluorescence assay and Folin-Ciocalteau phenol reagent assay for
      the detection of paralytic shellfish poisons.
AB  - Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) profiles of crude shellfish extracts were
      determined by linear gradient elution from a Bio-Rad AG-50-X4 strong cation
      exchange resin mini-column. STX, GTX2 and GTX3 were detected by fluorescence
      assay. NeoSTX and GTX1/GTX4 were detected with a Folin-Ciocalteau phenol reagent
      assay. The major toxicity associated with extracts of Mytilus edulis and Mya
      arenaria collected during a 1972 red tide off Hampton, New Hampshire, was due to
      the presence of GTX1/GTX4, with some activity associated with neoSTX, GTX2 and
      GTX3. STX was also present. Correlations to mouse toxicity are provided.

PMID- 4024146
TI  - [Alterations in the coagulation mechanisms of patients bitten by Bothrops asper
      (Terciopelo)].
AB  - Blood from eighteen patients bitten by B. asper were studied for effects on
      coagulation. All showed alterations in the levels of fibrinogen and of factors
      II, V, VIII, IX, X and XI, as well as in anti-thrombin-III and plasminogen. The
      number of platelets and the concentrations of factors VII and XII did not show
      significant variations in comparison with the controls. The biological assay of
      fibrinogen, the quantitation of fibrinogen degradation products and of factor II
      and the general coagulation tests, such as prothrombin and partial thromboplastin
      times, showed a good correlation with the severity of the envenomation. In
      snakebites by B. asper there is a severe hypofibrinogenemia, with fibrin
      degradation by activation in the fibrinolytic system and with activation and
      consumption of factor II. Intramuscular emergency treatment with small quantities
      of antivenom did not prevent the above noted alterations in coagulation.

PMID- 4024147
TI  - Interaction of streptolysin-O with biomembranes: kinetic and morphological
      studies on erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - The kinetics of lytic events caused by the bacterial cytolytic toxin streptolysin
      O (SLO) in red blood cells was examined using erythrocytes of several species of
      defined age and at different temperatures, by measurement of hemoglobin and ATP
      release. Lysis required much lower doses of SLO than hitherto described in the
      literature. Resistance to SLO varied within the different species, with the
      reaction temperature and increased with storage time (in vitro age). When
      erythrocytes treated with SH-activated SLO were examined in the electron
      microscope after negative staining or freeze-etching, ring- and arc-shaped
      structures were observed on the outer surface of their membranes. Identical, ring
      and arc-shaped structures were also observed in SH-activated SLO solution alone.
      The findings indicate that SLO-SH complexes are formed upon activation and are
      not an SLO-cholesterol complex, as cholesterol was not detectable. These results
      led to a morphological model which proposes that the ring- and arc-shaped SLO
      complexes hitherto described are polymerized forms of single SLO molecules. A
      functional model which suggests a mode of action of SLO-SH complexes is also
      discussed. Analysis of freeze-fracture micrographs of SLO-treated erythrocytes
      revealed no indication of formation of membrane pores through which cell lysis
      could occur. Aggregation of inner membrane particles, however, indicated that the
      membrane integrity had been severely altered. Thus, hemoglobin and ATP most
      probably permeate the membrane at fragile areas.

PMID- 4024148
TI  - A non-proteinaceous toxin from the venomous spines of the lionfish Pterois
      volitans (Linnaeus).
AB  - The venomous spines of P. volitans contain a non-proteinaceous ichthyotoxin of
      low molecular weight. This toxin could be isolated only from spines excised from
      the living fish; the toxin is apparently destroyed following death, as the
      extracts of the spines of the dead fish were non-toxic.

PMID- 4024149
TI  - Toxic effects of the soluble skin secretion from the Arabian Gulf catfish (Arius
      thallasinus, Ruppell) on plasma and liver enzyme levels.
AB  - Injection of skin toxin into the marginal ear vein of rabbits resulted in acute
      respiratory distress and convulsive movements, followed by death within 7 min.
      Significant increases in total plasma lactate dehydrogenase and the hepatic and
      cardiac derived isozymes and in glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic
      transaminase activities were observed in animals receiving toxin. Lower doses of
      toxin increase the survival time and enzyme levels in plasma. Skin toxin produces
      a time dependent toxic effect on the liver and heart.

PMID- 4024150
TI  - Trichothecene structure and toxicity to the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
AB  - Using the paper-disk method with Chlorella-seeded agar plates, 15
      acetoxyscirpenol, HT-2 toxin, acetyl T-2 toxin and neosolaniol inhibited growth
      at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, whereas verrucarol, T-2 tetraol, nivalenol,
      fusarenon-X, deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol were inactive. Taking into
      account that verrucarin A, roridin A, T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol had
      previously been found to strongly inhibit Chlorella growth, esterification at R15
      appears to be important for growth inhibitory activity. The most active agents
      are also esterified at R4. Inhibition of protein synthesis appears to be involved
      in the toxicity.

PMID- 4024151
TI  - Rapid cytotoxicity testing using a semi-automated protein determination on
      cultured cells.
AB  - A rapid cytotoxicity screening procedure that measures the inhibition of protein
      synthesis in cultured cells is described. Cells are cultured in 96 microwell
      plates, test agents are added to the cultures, and the protein content of the
      cultures is then determined in the microwells using a modification of the
      Coomassie blue dye complex method. Absorbances in the wells are determined by
      scanning the plate in a microplate reader. The method is sensitive, rapid,
      reproducible and inexpensive, enabling the large-scale screening of potential
      toxicants. Results of the application of the procedure to the measurement of
      toxicity of 6 surfactants and 6 divalent metal ions are presented.

PMID- 4024152
TI  - Effects of gentamicin on renal function in isolated perfused kidneys from male
      and female rats.
AB  - The isolated perfused rat kidney was used to determine whether sex differences in
      gentamicin nephrotoxicity are related to intrinsic differences in renal response
      to gentamicin. Acute exposure to gentamicin decreased fractional reabsorption of
      water and electrolytes without changes in glomerular filtration rate in both
      sexes. Gentamicin decreased the tubular reabsorption of lysozyme but not
      glomerular permeability to lysozyme. No sex differences in renal responses were
      observed following in vitro exposures to gentamicin, suggesting that sex
      differences in susceptibility to gentamicin in vivo may be attributable to
      extrarenal factors, such as pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 4024153
TI  - Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: teratological evaluation,
      growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings.
AB  - The effects on reproduction in screech owls (Otus asio) of chronic dietary sodium
      fluoride administration at 0, 40, and 200 ppm were examined. Fluoride at 40 ppm
      resulted in a significantly smaller egg volume, while 200 ppm also resulted in
      lower egg weights and lengths. Day-one hatchlings in the 200 ppm group weighed
      almost 10% less than controls and had shorter crown-rump lengths. No gross
      abnormalities were apparent. Skeletal clearing and staining revealed
      significantly shorter tibiotarsus lengths in the 40 ppm and 200 ppm groups and a
      shorter radius-ulna length in the 200 ppm group. By 7 days of age, body weights
      and lengths did not differ from controls, but the tibiotarsus in the 200 ppm
      group remained shorter. No significant differences were detected in hematocrit,
      hemoglobin, plasma calcium or alkaline phosphatase. Plasma phosphorus levels were
      higher in the 40 ppm group than in controls. These results, in combination with
      the findings of Pattee et al. [25], revealed significant impairment of overall
      reproduction, suggesting that sodium fluoride could cause slight to moderate
      reproduction disorders in owls in fluoride-polluted areas.

PMID- 4024154
TI  - Uric acid levels in plasma and urine in rats chronically exposed to inorganic As
      (III) and As(V).
AB  - The effect of inorganic arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) on renal excretion and
      plasma levels of uric acid was examined in rats. Oral administration of 1200
      micrograms As/kg/day for 6 weeks diminished uric acid levels in plasma by 67.1%
      and 26.5% of control after the administration of As(III) and As(V), respectively.
      Renal excretion of uric acid was significantly reduced during the first 3 weeks
      following As (III) administration, with a subsequent increase to approach control
      values at the end of the treatment. When As(V) was administered, the diminution
      in renal excretion was significant at 6 weeks.

PMID- 4024155
TI  - Cytotoxic action of rat alveolar macrophages for ozone-exposed lung fibroblasts.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine if exposure of cultured rat lung
      fibroblasts to O3 would trigger a subsequent attack by rat alveolar macrophages
      (AM). Fibroblasts labeled with [3H]proline (3HPR) were exposed to O3 (0, 0.74,
      1.35, 2.46 or 4.48 ppm) for 1 h. AM were added (5:1, AM: fibroblast) and after 2,
      24, 48, 76 and 96 h of co-culture, loss of 3HPR was measured as an index of AM
      induced injury. Fibroblasts exposed to O3 and co-cultured with AM lost
      significantly more 3HPR than without AM co-culture. The results suggest that O3
      injury to the lung may be mediated in part through an attack by AM upon O3
      injured fibroblasts.

PMID- 4024156
TI  - Properties and toxicity of airborne wood dust in wood-working establishments.
AB  - The total suspended dust levels, particle shape and size distributions and metal
      concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) of wood dust in the breathing
      zone of 3 small wood-working establishments were monitored. In vitro culture
      assay indicated that the mortality of alveolar macrophage was related to the
      metal content of dust collected from these 3 workplaces.

PMID- 4024157
TI  - Tumorigenic and toxic effect of O,S-dibenzoyl thiamine hydrochloride in prolonged
      dietary administration to rats.
AB  - The chronic toxicity of O,S-dibenzoyl thiamine hydrochloride (DBT) was studied by
      prolonged dietary administration to rats at dosages of 1000 and 10 000 ppm. The
      study confirmed the low toxicity of this compound and absence of carcinogenicity.

PMID- 4024158
TI  - The effects of ethanol on the kinetics of toluene in the perfused rat liver.
AB  - In the isolated perfused rat liver as a metabolizing system, ethanol (17.1 mM)
      added directly to the perfusion medium decreased the extraction ratio of toluene
      (concentration range 0.2-16.4 microM) by 17-33%. The Michaelis-Menten constant,
      Km, was calculated to 3.9 microM and the maximum elimination rate, Vmax, to 10.8
      and 11.4 nmol/min/g in the absence and presence of ethanol, respectively. The
      results indicate that the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the elimination of
      toluene is competitive. In a physiologically operating system, it must be taken
      into account that the elimination of toluene, apart from being influenced by the
      hepatic blood flow, may also be affected by lowered enzyme capacity for the
      metabolism of toluene.

PMID- 4024159
TI  - In vitro cytotoxicity of glycol ethers and oxidation products in CHO cells.
AB  - The cytotoxicity of several glycol ethers and of some of their oxidation
      products, the corresponding alkoxy acetates, was compared in Chinese hamster
      ovary (CHO-K1) cells without metabolic activation. Cytotoxicity was measured in
      terms of cloning formation ability, and EC50 values (concentrations allowing 50%
      of the seeded cells to form colonies) were estimated. The results, in the case of
      unmetabolized glycol ethers tested, showed an increase in toxicity with
      increasing chain length. The cytotoxicity of the corresponding alkoxy acetates,
      however, did not exhibit a trend in parallel with the chemical structure. 2
      Methoxypropionic acid was somewhat less cytotoxic than the alkoxy acetic acids
      investigated. It is concluded that gross cytotoxicity to dividing cells is not
      the predominant mechanism for the teratogenicity or myelotoxicity and testes
      toxicity of methoxy- and ethoxyethanol, which produce these effects after
      oxidation to their corresponding alkoxy acetates.

PMID- 4024160
TI  - Teratogenesis study of dioxane in rats.
AB  - The industrial solvent dioxane (1,4-diethylene dioxide) was evaluated for
      teratogenic potential in Sprague-Dawley rats. The compound was administered on
      days 6-15 of gestation by gavage (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ml/kg/day). A slight
      maternal toxicity, as evidenced by reduced weight gain, was observed with 1.0
      ml/kg. Animals were killed and subjected to uterine examination on day 21 of
      pregnancy. There were no differences between control and dioxane-treated groups
      in implantation numbers, live fetuses, postimplantation loss or major
      malformations. Embryotoxicity, manifested by reduced fetal weight, occurred only
      at the highest dose level.

PMID- 4024161
TI  - Cyanoacrylate adhesive for attaching Ralph knives to holders.

PMID- 4024162
TI  - A simple device to eliminate static electricity while sectioning paraffin.

PMID- 4024163
TI  - [Use of electrons above 20 MeV for reduction of radiation exposure].
AB  - After many years of clinical application of a 42 MeV betatron, the following
      indications were found for deep therapy with electrons above 20 MeV: tumors
      situated in the brain, mediastinum, kidney, liver, bladder, rectum, as well as
      peripheral tumors situated in different body regions. For eight different cases,
      the total body exposure and the radiation exposure of some risk organs was
      calculated for an irradiation with electrons alone, a combination of electrons
      and photons, an irradiation with 42 MeV X-rays and with Co-60 gamma rays alone.
      All these calculations were based on a most favorable irradiation technique. The
      results showed that electrons up to 40 MeV can spare more than 30% of the total
      body dose; a combination of electrons and photons allows a reduction of the total
      dose of about 15% as against that of photons alone, which makes possible a better
      conservation of skin. This total dose reduction corresponds to that achieved by
      the substitution of ultrahard X-radiation for Co-60 gamma radiation in deep
      therapy. The radiation exposure of risk organs can often be reduced by the use of
      electrons, too. Thus electron deep therapy shows to be justified for the
      mentioned tumor cases. This is also confirmed by clinical experience.

PMID- 4024164
TI  - [The immune status of patients with irradiated testicular neoplasms].
AB  - The authors present the results of investigations of the immune reactivity of 72
      patients irradiated for testicle tumors. The responses to tuberculin and DNCB
      (2.4-dinitrochlorobenzol) were examined before the treatment, within twelve
      months after radiotherapy and three years after radiotherapy and when metastases
      appeared. After radiotherapy, the number of positive responses was slightly
      decreased in both examination methods, but the difference was in no case
      significant. Patients with metastases showed a significantly decreased response
      to DNCB compared to the results obtained before radiotherapy. 5.6% of the
      patients had suffered from herpes zoster. The incidence of other infective
      diseases was not increased. The conclusion is drawn that the moderate
      immunosuppression caused by radiotherapy does not exert any influence on the
      further way of living of patients with testicle tumors.

PMID- 4024165
TI  - [Dose rate constant and radial dose function of an iodine 125 radiation source in
      various substances].
AB  - The dose distribution around an isotropic, point radiation source can be
      expressed by the dose rate constant, the quadratic law of distance, and a radial
      dose function which depends on the absorption and scatter processes occurring in
      the surrounding material. The radial dose function and the dose rate constant of
      a point iodine-125 source can be represented in a clear and rather exact manner
      as simple functions of the linear attenuation and energy absorption coefficients,
      because the average photon energy does not considerably vary with the growing
      distance from the source. This representation is in contrast with some functions
      defined in a distance of 1 cm, in conformity with the definition of the dose rate
      constant in the air according to DIN 6814, part 3.

PMID- 4024166
TI  - Non-invasive investigations of the growth kinetics of a solid experimental tumor
      (sarcoma-180).
AB  - The investigations reported were performed to test applicability of non-invasive
      methods for the measurement of the parameters determining the growth of a solid
      experimental tumor and to measure these data for the tumor system sarcoma
      180/NMRI-mice. It could be shown that non-invasive methods can be used for the
      measurement of tumor growth, especially the fraction of proliferating cells
      (growth fraction) which is of special importance for tumor therapy. For the tumor
      system under investigation, the growth is completely determined by an exponential
      decrease of the growth fraction.

PMID- 4024167
TI  - Hemopoiesis in mouse heterozygous for the W trait. Difference in postirradiation
      recovery related to the defect in formation of transient endogenous spleen
      colonies.
AB  - The hemopoietic regeneration following midlethal irradiation in Wv/+ mice had
      similarly biphasic kinetics as in their hematologically normal +/+ littermates.
      The first abortive phase of regeneration was either severely reduced (formation
      of transient endogenous spleen colonies, reticulocyte count, granulocyte count)
      or absent (spleen and femur cellularity, platelet count, PCV) in Wv/+ mice, when
      compared to +/+ mice. The second phase leading to permanent recovery of
      hemopoiesis was in Wv/+ mice delayed in time. Moreover, although to a lesser
      extent the values of spleen and femur cellularity, PCV and platelet count were
      decreased in Wv/+ mice. Postirradiation bleeding, which stimulated particularly
      the 1st phase of regeneration both in Wv/+ and +/+ mice did not lead to the
      minimization of differences between above two genotypes. It is suggested that the
      observed differences in the abortive regeneration between Wv/+ and +/+ mice are
      primarily dependent on the presence in Wv/+ mice of selective defect of transient
      endogenous colony forming units (TE-CFUs). Moreover, it is possible that the
      differences in the second phase of regeneration leading to permanent recovery are
      secondarily dependent on the TE-CFUs defect, as most probably the TE-CFU is the
      step in stem cell differentiation to mature cells.

PMID- 4024168
TI  - The effects of X-ray irradiation of the head region of eight-day-old rats on the
      development of molar and incisor teeth.
AB  - The effects of irradiation on the development of molars and incisors up to the
      age of 57 days was studied applying locally a single dose of 9.6 Gy of X-rays to
      the head region of eight-day-old female rats. Radiography of jaws revealed the
      absence of the third molar in all irradiated rats, as a result of germ stunting
      which was, at the moment of irradiation, in the phase of histodifferentiation. In
      the case of the first and second molar, being at the time of irradiation in the
      phase of root formation, changes were noted in the development and morphological
      features of the roots. In animals sacrificed 18 days after irradiation, the
      radiographs of jaws showed a break in the continuity of the incisors located
      under the mesial root of the first molar. In all animals the break in continuity
      of the incisors became macroscopically visible between the 28th and 42nd day
      after irradiation. 15 days after the loss of incisors, the incisival functional
      occlusion was restored in all animals.

PMID- 4024169
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy for the staging of lymphogranulomatosis?].
AB  - The importance of bone scintigraphy for the classification of stages of
      lymphogranulomatosis is judged differently, the indications in literature are not
      unanimous. The high sensitivity of this method is uncontested, but it is said to
      be not very reliable in the exclusion of a bone manifestation because of its low
      specificness. Bone scintigraphy demonstrates a disturbance in bone metabolism; in
      clinical examination this has to be checked by X-ray view in order to exclude not
      tumor-induced reasons for the increased or decreased concentration. In a
      prospective study we have investigated if this combined radiologic approach
      allows to use scintigraphy in the classification of stages. Four out of 23
      patients in stage I showed a tumor-suspicious scintigram which was confirmed by X
      ray examination within 1 1/2 years in two patients. One quarter of 133 patients
      in stage II and III had a pathologic scintigram. In 34 out of 36 patients who
      could be followed up, this was confirmed later on by an X-ray finding in the same
      site. 15 out of 36 patients in stage III with initially normal scintigram showed
      a conversion to a tumor-suspicious scan during the later course of the disease.
      The tumor-suspicious scintigraphy found at the time of classification of stages
      has been confirmed later on by X-ray examination in 91% of our series. So,
      scintigraphy may be considered to be valuable for the classification of stages.
      Furthermore the conformity of tumor-suspicious scintigram and bone marrow biopsy
      was investigated. Whereas in 62% of patients with M+ a bone manifestation could
      be demonstrated by scintigraphy, only 46% of patients with scintigraphic 0+
      showed a histologic manifestation in bone marrow. Consequently, bone scintigraphy
      cannot be used to demonstrate or to exclude a manifestation in bone marrow. As
      the metabolism is modified by therapy in case of a demonstrated bone
      manifestation, scintigraphy should be a sensitive parameter in these cases, too,
      for an early indication of response to cytostatic treatment. The scintigram
      became normal in 46 patients coming to a complete remission; eight out of nine
      patients the scintigraphic findings of whom became worse were non-responders.
      Five out of twelve patients with unchanged scintigram came to a remission. A
      normalizing scintigram indicates a response to therapy, whereas a deterioration
      suggests a non-response. Bone scintigraphy can also be used to judge the success
      of a cytostatic therapy.

PMID- 4024170
TI  - [NMR-diagnosis in radiotherapy?].
AB  - The results of NMR tomography obtained hitherto in the imaging of malignant
      tumors are presented in order to show that this new method is of great importance
      for radiotherapy. A quantification of radiotherapy and chemotherapy seems
      possible with the aid of NMR diagnosis, as vital and necrotic tumors zones as
      well as radiation effects in the tumor and in sound tissue can be visualized.

PMID- 4024171
TI  - [An online monitoring system for the control of field homogeneity in
      accelerators].
AB  - For checks and service an online monitoring-system consisting of 10 Si
      photoelements will be described. It allows a very simple and fast control of
      field flatness in therapy-accelerators.

PMID- 4024172
TI  - Delay in referral of patients with ruptured aneurysms to neurosurgical attention.
AB  - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a neurosurgical emergency. Early medical
      intervention is axiomatic for minimizing rebleeding and ischemia from vasospasm
      and achieving optimum results. The purpose of this study was to document the
      length and causes of the delay in referral which occur in patients following
      aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The case histories of 150 consecutive
      patients admitted to The University of Iowa with proven ruptured aneurysms were
      studied. Medical records from The University of Iowa and referring hospitals were
      reviewed, and patients, families, and referring physicians interviewed. Overall,
      only 36% were referred within 48 hours of their first clear cut, recognizable
      sign or symptom of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Median time to referral was 3.6 days.
      Delay was due to physician diagnostic problems in 37%, delayed referral policy in
      23%, unstable patient condition in 7%, failure of patients to recognize severity
      of illness in 8%, and logistical reasons in 12%. These data suggest that a large
      proportion of patients have a delay in achieving definitive neurosurgical care
      following aneurysm rupture, and that for the most part this delay is avoidable.
      More emphasis must be placed on public health and primary physician education
      regarding subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 4024173
TI  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage: epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and outcome.
AB  - A population-based study of primary subarachnoid hemorrhage in Auckland
      (population 829,454), New Zealand, identified 180 cases in a two-year period.
      This represented an age adjusted incidence rate of 10.5 and 18.3 per 100,000 for
      men and women respectively. Sixty-eight percent of all cases had a proven
      intracranial aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation, 15% had negative
      angiographic findings and in the remaining 17%, the presence or absence of a
      localized lesion was unknown since neither angiography nor autopsy were
      performed. Twenty-six patients (15%) died before hospitalization and a further 36
      patients (20%) died within 48 hours of onset. Only 94 patients (53% of all
      patients registered) were fit enough to undergo angiography. A surgical operation
      was carried out on 60 of the 68 patients in whom an aneurysm was confirmed at
      angiography. The overall case fatality rate was 36% within the first 48 hours,
      43% in the first week and 57% at both six months and one year. The high early
      case fatality rates are similar to those found in previous population-based
      studies, suggesting that despite the major advances to individual patients from
      technological advances, the potential contribution of hospital management to the
      reduction of subarachnoid haemorrhage mortality rates is likely to be limited.

PMID- 4024174
TI  - Subarachnoid haemorrhage in the rat: angiography and fluorescence microscopy of
      the major cerebral arteries.
AB  - A subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in the rat was produced by the injection of
      blood via a previously implanted catheter connected to the cisterna magna.
      Repeated angiographical examinations of the vertebro-basilar arteries revealed a
      biphasic vasospasm with a maximal acute spasm at ten minutes and a maximal late
      spasm at two days after cisternal blood injection. Fluorescence microscopical
      examination of the major cerebral arteries at day two after the SAH revealed a
      reduction in the fluorescence intensity and in the number of histochemically
      visible sympathetic nerve terminals.

PMID- 4024175
TI  - Epidemiologic features of isolated syncope: the Framingham Study.
AB  - To obtain epidemiologic information regarding syncope, 2336 men and 2873 women
      aged 30 to 62 years at entry to the study were evaluated for syncope. During 26
      years of surveillance, evidence of cardiac or neurologic morbidity and mortality
      was also recorded. At least one syncopal episode was reported by 71 (3.0%) of the
      men and 101 (3.5%) of the women during the course of the study. Criteria for
      isolated syncope (i.e., transient loss of consciousness in the absence of prior
      or concurrent neurologic, coronary, or other cardiovascular disease stigmata)
      were met by 56 (79%) of the 71 men and by 89 (88%) of the 101 women with syncope.
      During 26 years of follow-up isolated syncope was not associated with any excess
      of stroke (including transient ischemic attack) or myocardial infarction.
      Similarly, isolated syncope was not associated with any excess of all-cause or
      cardiovascular mortality (including sudden death).

PMID- 4024176
TI  - Hemodynamics in hemorrhagic infarction--an experimental study.
AB  - Using the canine thalamic infarction model, hemodynamics, CO2 responses and
      thalamic EEG changes were studied in 7 dogs. Of the 7 animals, 4 showed
      hemorrhagic infarction and 3 did not, following recirculation after 6 hours of
      vascular occlusion. 1) The rCBF threshold for producing hemorrhagic infarction
      when recirculation following 6 hours of vascular occlusion was approximately 50%
      of the pre-occlusion level. 2) rCBF of the animals showing hemorrhagic infarction
      included hyperperfusion due to recirculation, and then fell to a level below the
      pre-occlusion level in a relatively short period. The CO2 response became
      disturbed both during occlusion and after release of occlusion. Thalamic EEG was
      nearly flat during vascular occlusion and recovery was not seen following
      recirculation. 3) rCBF of the animals not showing hemorrhagic infarction
      recovered rapidly to the pre-occlusion level due to recirculation. The CO2
      response was somewhat disturbed during occlusion, but recovered following
      recirculation. Thalamic EEG was well preserved both during occlusion and after
      release.

PMID- 4024177
TI  - Chronological changes in spontaneous intracerebral hematoma--an experimental and
      clinical study.
AB  - A model of intracerebral hematoma that closely resembles the state in humans
      after spontaneous intracerebral hematoma was developed. Sequential changes in
      experimental intracerebral hematomas were compared with the in vivo findings in
      spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The clinical series consisted of 28
      patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage observed by CT during their
      natural course from 1976 through 1978. The experimental series consisted of 26
      adult mongrel dogs with intracerebral hematoma near the basal ganglia studied by
      CT and histological examinations. In neither the clinical nor the experimental
      series was the time of decrease in density beginning in the periphery of the
      hematoma or the first appearance of ring enhancement and its concentric
      concentration toward the center of the hematoma affected by the size of the
      hematoma. In the experimental series, the tissue reaction near the periphery of
      the intracerebral hematoma showed constant processes: First, a necrotic layer
      appeared; this was then replaced by immature connective tissue with newly formed
      vessels and argentophilic fibers, and finally the immature layer was gradually
      transformed into mature connective tissue with collagenous fibers. Ring
      enhancement was accompanied by the appearance of immature connective tissue and
      capillaries. This process of change was also unrelated to the size of the
      hematoma. The following correlations were suggested from the chronological
      observation of CT images and the histological appearance: 1) acute stage -
      homogeneous high density extending to the periphery, appearance of the necrotic
      layer; 2) subacute stage - decreased density spreading from the periphery and
      formation of ring enhancement, appearance of immature connective tissue with
      argentophilic fibers; 3) chronic stage - concentric concentration of ring
      enhancement and development of mature connective tissue with collagenous fibers.

PMID- 4024178
TI  - Cerebral edema associated with craniectomy and arterial hypertension.
AB  - The present studies were performed to determine whether cerebral edema will
      develop as a consequence of arterial hypertension and/or craniectomy. Arterial
      hypertension was induced for 30 minutes by inflation of a balloon catheter
      situated in the descending aorta, and a parietal craniectomy was performed. The
      cerebral edema noticed was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic observations,
      BBB permeability of HRP and Evans blue and water content. In addition, ICP was
      measured in the cisterna magna and ICPP by a catheter-tip transducer. In arterial
      hypertension or craniectomy alone, some small areas of Evans blue extravasation
      with increased water content were seen in the cortex, which corresponded to the
      occipito-parietal parts of the arterial boundary zones. In contrast, when
      arterial hypertension was combined with craniectomy, these lesions extended
      further into underlying white matter with increased water content. Forty-eight
      hours later, extensive brain edema with a shift of midline structures developed
      on the side of craniectomy which differed from that in arterial hypertension or
      craniectomy alone. It is suggested that some hydrostatic pressure gradients,
      particularly between blood vessel and surrounding extracellular space and among
      different areas within the brain parenchyma, may play an important role in the
      development of brain edema.

PMID- 4024179
TI  - The effects of extreme hemodilutions on the autoregulation of cerebral blood
      flow, electroencephalogram and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in the dog.
AB  - The effects of profound (hematocrit value, Ht 20%) and extreme (Ht 5%)
      hemodilutions on the relationship between the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and
      the cerebral blood flow (CBF) were studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. A
      regression line was found between the CBF and Ht values during normotensive
      hemodilution (MAP 100 torr): CBF (ml/100g X min) = -98.9 log Ht (%) + 195.5 (p
      less than 0.001). The CBF was increased by hemodilution, but the range of its
      autoregulation was narrowed, suggesting a progressive susceptibility of CBF to
      blood pressure with hemodilution. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was not
      significantly changed by hemodilution within the range of the CBF autoregulation,
      below which it became slowed. In contrast, the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen
      (CMRo2) was decreased by hemodilution even within the range of the CBF
      autoregulation, while there were no significant differences in CMRo2 values
      between MAPs of 100 and 40 torr. Thus, the brain function in terms of the EEG
      seemed to correlate more with the autoregulatory mechanism of the CBF than with
      the CMRo2 value in the hemodiluted states.

PMID- 4024180
TI  - Cellular actions of halothane on cat cerebral arterial muscle.
AB  - The effects of halothane on intracellular membrane potential (Em) and force
      development in cat MCA were studied. Halothane (0.07-0.14 mM/1) relaxed isolated
      MCA which had developed myogenic tone. Measurement of Em showed that halothane
      depolarized this preparation in a dose-dependent fashion in the face of vessel
      relaxation, demonstrating uncoupling of electrical and mechanical activity.
      Halothane markedly inhibited the contractile effects of histamine and serotonin
      suggesting that, apart from its direct action on cerebral arterial tone, it also
      blunts the action of vasoactive agents. When this preparation is partially
      depolarized from -62 to -50 mV with excess K+, halothane, while having only a
      small (1.2 mV) additional depolarizing effect, consistently elicits contraction
      rather than relaxation. Thus, the action of this particular volatile anesthetic
      on cerebral arteries can depend upon the resting level of Em. These studies
      indicate that halothane relaxes myogenic tone in cat MCA by an intracellular
      mechanism, but that the direction of its effect (i.e., relaxation vs.
      contraction) may depend upon the prior level of Em and muscle cell activation.

PMID- 4024181
TI  - Dye injection method for the demonstration of territories supplied by individual
      perforating arteries of the posterior communicating artery in the dog.
AB  - Various reported methods to demonstrate the territory supplied by an intracranial
      artery are designed to deal with major cerebral arteries or a group of
      perforating arteries. We have devised a technique to demonstrate the area
      supplied by individual small perforating arteries using different dyes with
      gelatin. A temporal craniectomy was made in the dog and the posterior circle of
      Willis was exposed via a subtemporal route under the operating microscope. After
      a portion of the posterior communicating artery including one perforating artery
      was trapped with clips, dye was injected through the cannule. The animals were
      immediately sacrificed and studied. The area supplied by an individual
      perforating artery occupied a relatively large and distinct area, and when two
      dyes for two different perforators were used, no significant overlapping of the
      stained territories was seen. This method is useful for the study of focal
      cerebral ischemia caused by occlusion of a fine perforating artery and in
      particular it will serve to clarify the importance of preserving each perforating
      artery in surgery in the region of the base of the brain such as that for basilar
      artery aneurysm.

PMID- 4024182
TI  - Distribution of acidic glycosaminoglycans, lipids and water in normal human
      cerebral arteries at various ages.
AB  - Functional alterations in arterial acidic glycosaminoglycans (AGAG) may be
      related to the pathogenesis of some forms of cerebrovascular disease. We measured
      the AGAG, lipid and water content of human cerebral artery of 275 normal males at
      various ages. These measures were separately carried out in the main trunk and
      distal branches. The AGAG components were analyzed by an enzymatic assay method
      employing specific enzymes which digest AGAG to assess topographic change and
      aging variations. The total AGAG content was higher in the main cerebral artery
      than in the distal branches. The main AGAG component of the normal main cerebral
      artery was heparan sulfates (HS), constituting half the total AGAG, followed by
      moderate amounts of dermatan sulfate (DS), chondroitin-6-sulfate (C-6S) and
      chondroitin-4-sulfate (C-4S). Hyaluronic acid (HA) was a minor component and it
      was more prominent in young arteries. Heparin could be occasionally detected.
      With advancing age, the relative amounts of HS, HA, chondroitin and C-4S both in
      the main trunk and distal branches decreased but those of DS and C-6S increased.
      The total lipid, cholesterol ester and triglyceride content was greater in the
      main trunk than in the distal branches; the total lipid content increased with
      age. A possible function of the cerebral arterial AGAG is discussed with respect
      to change in lipid and water content according to topographic sites and aging.

PMID- 4024183
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked responses in brainstem infarction.
AB  - Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) were recorded in 40 patients with
      clinically definite brainstem infarction, and results were compared to
      localizations from physical signs and CT scans. The BAER was abnormal in 92% of
      patients with evidence on physical examination of dysfunction of lateral
      structures in the pons or midbrain. Normal BAERs were seen with medially-situated
      or medullary lesions. When both rostrocaudal level and lateralization were
      considered, the BAER indicated damage in additional areas not evident on physical
      examination in 25% of patients. However, physical signs indicated damage in areas
      not reflected by the BAER in 22% of patients. Therefore, the BAER complements the
      localization obtained from physical findings. BAERs were abnormal in more of
      these patients than were CT scans, and thus are useful for confirmation of
      bedside impressions.

PMID- 4024184
TI  - 5-hydroxytryptamine: source of activator calcium in human basilar arteries.
AB  - We performed experiments in human cerebral arteries to determine the source of
      activator calcium during contractions induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine. Rings of
      human basilar artery obtained at autopsy were mounted for isometric tension
      recording in organ baths filled with a physiological salt solution. Contractile
      responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine were virtually abolished in Ca++-free solution,
      and inhibited significantly by nimodipine. In both cases, the depression of the
      response to 5-hydroxytryptamine was comparable to that seen when KCl was used to
      contract the vessels. These experiments demonstrate that 5-hydroxytryptamine
      mediates contraction of the smooth muscle in human basilar artery by increasing
      membrane permeability to extracellular calcium.

PMID- 4024186
TI  - Stroke-in-progression.
AB  - Stroke-in-progression or stroke-in-evolution or progressing stroke is a clinical
      entity which is frequently encountered in several major types of stroke possibly
      even more frequently than the classical abruptly completed stroke. Stroke-in
      evolution is in fact a mosaic or constellation of conditions including various
      causes (large infarcts, lacunes, distal fields infarcts, hemorrhages), various
      types of evolution and various pathophysiological mechanisms. The number of well
      studied clinical cases in the literature is surprisingly small. Many of the
      proposed definitions are not adequate. Although it has been advised that the
      concept of of progressing stroke be discarded, this advice seems premature
      considering that it is a common and critical condition and one which has been in
      fact imperfectly and incompletely investigated. Instead, it would appear better
      to organize a prospective study with detailed clinical reports, serial CT,
      angiography, and when possible NMR PET or SPECT and detailed pathological
      examination of brain and extra-intracranial cerebral arteries. The magnitude of
      the task is such that a multicenter study would probably be required.

PMID- 4024185
TI  - Chronic ocular ischemia and carotid vascular disease.
AB  - Venous stasis retinopathy and ischemic oculopathy are ocular manifestations of
      ischemia in the distribution of the carotid artery. While not as common as
      transient monocular blindness or retinal arterial emboli, they are readily
      recognizable and indicate the presence of severe, often bilateral, carotid
      occlusive disease. Patterns of occlusion vary but usually include complete
      occlusion of at least one common or internal carotid artery, often accompanied by
      occlusion or narrowing in the opposite carotid system. The ocular findings in
      venous stasis retinopathy and ischemic oculopathy indicate ongoing ocular
      ischemia and may progress to intractable neovascular glaucoma. Therapy,
      individualized for the specific pattern of occlusive changes, may be directed
      toward prevention of stroke or may be indicated primarily for the reversal of
      ocular ischemia and prevention of blindness secondary to neovascular glaucoma.

PMID- 4024188
TI  - Should lumbar puncture be part of the routine evaluation of patients with
      cerebral ischemia?

PMID- 4024187
TI  - Intracerebral haemorrhage and angiographic beading following ingestion of
      catecholaminergics.
AB  - We report two cases of serious intracerebral haemorrhage occurring in young women
      following their first use of oral medications containing catecholaminergic agents
      (phenylpropanolamine in combination with ephedrine or pseudoephedrine). Both
      women were previously well, and there was no evidence for systemic vasculitis,
      coagulopathy, aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation. Angiography in both cases,
      performed approximately forty hours following drug ingestion, revealed the
      beading pattern typical of that seen in previously reported cases of presumed
      amphetamine-induced "vasculitis." We believe that this arteriographic abnormality
      is non-specific and should not be construed as necessarily indicative of
      arteritis.

PMID- 4024189
TI  - Ataxic-hemiparesis.

PMID- 4024190
TI  - The natural history of carotid arterial disease in asymptomatic patients with
      cervical bruits.

PMID- 4024191
TI  - [Current problems in the participation of forensic physicians in solving public
      health tasks].

PMID- 4024192
TI  - [Tasks of improving forensic medical expertise in presenting material evidence].

PMID- 4024193
TI  - [Status of and means for improving expertise in disputed paternity].

PMID- 4024194
TI  - [Isoenzyme polymorphism and its importance for forensic medical expertise in
      presenting material evidence].

PMID- 4024195
TI  - [Forensic medical significance of pathological changes in the hair].

PMID- 4024196
TI  - [Significance of the hydrodynamic factor in the mechanism of the formation of
      injuries in blunt trauma].

PMID- 4024197
TI  - [Determination of the sequence of pelvic bone fractures in repeated blunt
      trauma].

PMID- 4024198
TI  - [New morphological sign of a gunshot exit wound].

PMID- 4024199
TI  - [Metabolism of 1,2-dichloroethane in the human body in acute poisonings].

PMID- 4024200
TI  - [Use of the emission spectrographic method in diagnosing fatal poisonings by the
      death cup].

PMID- 4024201
TI  - [Determination of isolanid in cadaveric material].

PMID- 4024202
TI  - [Determination of the degree of alcoholic intoxication by laboratory studies in
      different stages of alcoholism].

PMID- 4024203
TI  - [Attachment for infrared photography].

PMID- 4024204
TI  - [Establishing the mechanism of automobile injury].

PMID- 4024205
TI  - [Expertise on a gunshot wound in the case of fragmentation of the small-caliber
      bullet].

PMID- 4024206
TI  - [Death from a puncture wound of the femoral vein from the end of a slab during a
      fall].

PMID- 4024207
TI  - [Pearl tumor and telangiectasia of the hypophysis as a cause of sudden death].

PMID- 4024208
TI  - Cyclosporine quality control program is a reality.

PMID- 4024209
TI  - Theophylline serum concentrations in ambulatory patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease.
AB  - A two-part study was designed to investigate the application of theophylline
      serum concentration data at a Veterans Administration Medical Center. The
      investigation was unique in its use of ambulatory patients instead of
      hospitalized patients as study subjects for assessing the use of laboratory
      tests. As has been found in other studies that examined different drugs and
      involved hospitalized subjects, this investigation discovered significant
      problems in the ordering, application, and documentation of these data when
      judged against established criteria. There was no significant difference in the
      appropriate use of these drugs between physicians specializing in pulmonary
      versus general medicine. Of clinical importance also are the findings that
      confirm a positive correlation between the proper use of these tests and
      improvement in patient outcome, and the demonstrated relationships between
      clinical symptoms and subtherapeutic and toxic serum concentrations of
      theophylline.

PMID- 4024210
TI  - Bayesian pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic forecasting of prothrombin response to
      warfarin therapy: preliminary evaluation.
AB  - The ability of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic Bayesian forecasting computer
      program to predict prothrombin response to warfarin therapy was investigated. The
      performance of the program was evaluated retrospectively in an inpatient study
      population of 45 subjects. Predictions of prothrombin response at discharge,
      based on zero to five serially measured prothrombin ratios, were compared.
      Precision of prediction was measured by root mean squared error (rmse), bias was
      measured by average prediction error, and significance (p less than 0.05) was
      determined by 95% confidence intervals and correlation coefficients. Eleven
      (3.8%) predictions exceeded established limitations of the
      pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model and were excluded from data analysis.
      Correlations between measured and predicted prothrombin ratios for all methods
      were significant. The five prothrombin ratio feedbacks provided the most accurate
      predictions (rmse 0.219). These predictions were significantly better than the
      population parameter (rmse 0.418), one (rmse 0.401), and two (rmse 0.459)
      prothrombin ratio feedback predictions. The predictions based on population
      parameters and one prothrombin ratio feedback were significantly biased. When
      provided with sufficient feedback, the bias was not apparent and the predictive
      performance improved with each additional prothrombin ratio. The predictive
      performance of the four and five prothrombin ratio feedbacks is sufficient to
      provide clinically useful dosage guidelines early in the course of warfarin
      therapy. The population parameter estimates require further delineation in order
      to improve the performance of limited prothrombin ratio feedback predictions.

PMID- 4024211
TI  - Influence of high-dose pentobarbital on theophylline pharmacokinetics: a case
      report.
AB  - The effect of high dose pentobarbital coma therapy on the total body clearance of
      theophylline (CLT) was evaluated in a neurosurgical patient. Preinduction and
      induction CLT were 4.22 and 8.02 L/h, respectively, which represented a 95%
      increase in the CLT as a consequence of pentobarbital therapy. Although
      barbiturates have been shown to induce hepatic microsomal enzymes, previous
      reports minimize their effect on CLT in humans. This case report demonstrates
      remarkable alterations in the CLT as a result of high doses of pentobarbital,
      necessitating the need for substantial dosage adjustments of theophylline.

PMID- 4024212
TI  - Red blood cell electrolytes for monitoring digoxin therapy in adults.
AB  - Red blood cell (RBC) electrolyte concentrations were determined, with a method
      that can be applied easily in any clinical chemistry laboratory, in 18 patients
      not on digoxin therapy and 37 patients on maintenance digoxin therapy for various
      diagnoses. Of the digoxin-treated patients, 11 had electrocardiographic changes
      and other clinical evidence of digoxin toxicity. Mean RBC sodium was higher and
      mean RBC potassium was lower in patients on prolonged digoxin therapy than in
      controls, and these changes were more pronounced in patients with toxic symptoms.
      In the group of 11 patients with toxicity, a positive correlation was found
      between the ratio of RBC sodium to potassium and plasma digoxin levels (r =
      0.8234, p less than 0.05). Plasma digoxin concentrations did not clearly
      distinguish between toxic and nontoxic patients. The RBC sodium/potassium ratio,
      however, identified 35 of 37 patients correctly, with two patients from the toxic
      and two patients from the nontoxic group giving the same results. Changes in
      intracellular erythrocyte electrolytes in adults appear to correlate closely with
      clinical signs of digoxin toxicity.

PMID- 4024213
TI  - Influence of body fat on the volume of distribution of theophylline.
AB  - Twenty-six acutely bronchospastic patients admitted to the emergency room of an
      acute care hospital were studied to determine the influence of body fat on the
      volume of distribution (Vd) of theophylline. Total body weight (TBW), height,
      skinfold thickness (at three sites), and theophylline levels around an
      intravenous aminophylline dose were measured. Ideal body weight (IBW), percentage
      of body fat, and absolute and relative Vd of theophylline were calculated. Vd of
      theophylline correlated better with IBW than TBW. No relationship was identified
      between Vd normalized to IBW and either percentage of body fat or the ratio of
      TBW to IBW. This indicates that in our sample (0.8 IBW less than TBW less than
      1.4 IBW), distribution of theophylline into adipose tissue was not an important
      determinant of Vd. Theophylline's Vd was best estimated by the formula Vd (L) =
      0.419(L/kg) X IBW(kg).

PMID- 4024214
TI  - Falsely elevated digoxin concentrations in patients with liver disease.
AB  - Immunoreactive digoxin was determined in blood samples of 73 patients with liver
      disease who did not take any cardiac glycoside. Seventeen of these patients
      reproducibly showed false-positive results, as much as 3.6 ng/ml. Patients with
      concomitant renal disease had higher assay results (mean 1.9 n/ml) than patients
      with normal renal function (mean 0.6 ng/ml). It is concluded that blood of a
      number of patients with liver disease of different causes contains a substance
      that interferes with digoxin radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 4024215
TI  - Determination of chloroquine and its desethyl metabolite in whole blood: an
      application for samples collected in capillary tubes and dried on filter paper.
AB  - A high performance liquid chromatography method for analysis of chloroquine and
      desethylchloroquine was adapted for 75 microliters aliquots of whole blood
      obtained by finger-prick and dried on filter paper. The precision of the method
      was satisfactory at whole blood concentrations of 40 nmol/L (coefficient of
      variation, 5%). The dried samples were stable for at least 7 weeks at 20 degrees
      C. The concentrations in venous whole blood and in dried samples correlated well.
      The correlation coefficient was 0.99 for chloroquine and 0.97 for
      desethylchloroquine. Chloroquine concentrations were marginally but significantly
      higher in venous whole blood. When fitted to a linear equation (y = bx + a) the
      relationship was y = 0.96x + 0.03. Desethylchloroquine concentrations did not
      differ significantly in venous whole blood and in finger-prick blood dried on
      filter paper. The method is specific and sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic
      studies and can be used in areas with limited technical facilities.

PMID- 4024216
TI  - Chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in plasma, serum, and whole blood: problems
      in assay and handling of samples.
AB  - A spectrophotofluorometric method for determination of chloroquine in body fluids
      was compared with a recently developed high performance liquid chromatographic
      (HPLC) method. The spectrophotofluorometric method was found to codetermine the
      main metabolite desethylchloroquine and thus to give higher "chloroquine"
      concentrations than the HPLC method. The concentrations determined with
      spectrophotofluorometry roughly corresponded to the calculated sum of chloroquine
      and desethylchloroquine as determined with the HPLC method. The concentrations of
      chloroquine and desethylchloroquine were higher in serum, and considerably higher
      in whole blood, than in plasma. The duration and force of centrifugation greatly
      influenced the concentrations of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine found in
      plasma. The concentrations decreased as centrifugal force increased reaching
      relatively stable levels at 500 g. Increasing the centrifugation time partly
      compensated for lower g forces. These methodological problems can be avoided by
      using whole blood for determinations of chloroquine. Since the biological
      activities of desethylchloroquine and chloroquine are not the same, drug
      monitoring should be performed with a method distinguishing between the parent
      drug and the metabolite.

PMID- 4024217
TI  - A sensitive liquid chromatographic assay for plasma aspirin and salicylate
      concentrations after low doses of aspirin.
AB  - An original, highly sensitive and specific high performance liquid
      chromatographic method has been developed for the measurement of aspirin and
      salicylate in plasma. Minimum concentrations of 10 micrograms/L (aspirin) and 0.5
      mg/L (salicylate) can be measured using 1 ml of plasma. After collection, plasma
      is first treated with physostigmine sulfate to inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis of
      aspirin to salicylate. Maximal recovery is achieved using an acid extraction into
      anhydrous diethyl ether with a subsequent drying-down step in an iced water bath.
      Aspirin and salicylate are separated by elution with a mixture of methanol, 1
      butanol, orthophosphoric acid, and water on a reversed-phase octadecyl silane
      column at 47 degrees C and detected at 234 nm by ultraviolet absorption.
      Quantitation is achieved using the peak height ratio of aspirin and salicylate to
      internal standard (m-anisic acid). The assay has been used for the study of
      simultaneous aspirin and salicylate pharmacokinetics after a single oral dose of
      100 mg soluble glycinated aspirin for platelet antiaggregatory therapy in six
      subjects, one of whom was also studied after receiving a 600 mg dose.

PMID- 4024218
TI  - Therapeutic monitoring of chlorpromazine I: Pitfalls in plasma analysis.
AB  - Pooled plasma from healthy volunteers was spiked with pure, synthetic
      chlorpromazine (CPZ), chlorpromazine sulfoxide (CPZSO), or chlorpromazine N-oxide
      (CPZNO), and then made alkaline with either sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
      The samples were allowed to stand at room temperature for various timed intervals
      before extraction with organic solvent. It was found that CPZNO was reduced to
      CPZ in plasma made alkaline with sodium hydroxide, but not in protein-free buffer
      solution at high pH nor in plasma made alkaline with sodium carbonate. The
      reaction appears to take place through reducing equivalents generated by the
      action of sodium hydroxide on plasma proteins. Thus, apparent concentrations of
      CPZ in plasma from patients were elevated by as much as 343% when sodium
      hydroxide was used compared with concentrations in aliquots of the same plasma
      samples alkalinized with sodium carbonate. The amount of CPZ produced from CPZNO
      depends on the type of extraction procedure employed as well as on the quantity
      of sodium hydroxide added to the plasma. By contrast, no interconversion between
      CPZ and CPZSO or CPZNO and CPZSO was observed in plasma alkalinized and extracted
      under any of the conditions tested.

PMID- 4024219
TI  - Comparative determination of flupentixol in plasma by gas chromatography and
      radioimmunoassay in schizophrenic patients.
AB  - A new method of measuring flupentixol in plasma was developed using gas
      chromatography (GC) with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The minimal quantifiable
      concentration was 0.5 ng/ml and the day-to-day coefficient of variation was 9.4%
      at 2 ng/ml. A comparison of flupentixol concentrations measured with
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) and GC was undertaken on 100 plasma samples obtained from
      50 schizophrenic patients. The RIA method tended to overestimate flupentixol
      concentrations compared with GC. The reasons for this discrepancy might be the
      presence in plasma of the inactive trans(E)-flupentixol isomer and metabolites of
      flupentixol, which would cross-react with the antibody. The results of this study
      show that GC can be used for therapeutic monitoring of flupentixol.

PMID- 4024220
TI  - Desmethylimipramine overdose: nonlinear kinetics in a slow hydroxylator.
AB  - A case of desmethylimipramine (DMI) overdose is described. The analysis of DMI
      and its main metabolite, 2-hydroxydesmethylimipramine (2-OH-DMI), in plasma was
      performed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
      Characterization of the elimination kinetics of DMI by using the SAAM 25 computer
      program indicated Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The patient was phenotyped with
      respect to debrisoquine hydroxylation and classified as a slow hydroxylator. Both
      nonlinear kinetics and slow hydroxylation might have contributed to the marked
      difference between the concentration of DMI and 2-OH-DMI in plasma in this
      patient.

PMID- 4024221
TI  - Analysis of tricyclic antidepressants in serum and plasma yields similar results.

PMID- 4024222
TI  - [Research on the aged within the framework of social geography].
AB  - Until now social gerontological research in the Netherlands has primarily been
      done by psychologists and sociologists. Geographic contributions are subordinate.
      Nevertheless there are innumerable geographical aspects which influence ageing
      and human behaviour of the elderly. Several studies on ageing have already been
      made, considering geographical topics as distribution, migration, housing,
      mobility and accessibility of provisions. The geographer can supply enhanced
      contributions in the future.

PMID- 4024223
TI  - [Problems of aging in China].
AB  - A WHO consultancy to the 'National Seminar on Geriatrics' in Beijing provided an
      opportunity to get some ideas about the problems of ageing in China. Since 1949
      life expectancy has doubled and it has been estimated that between now and the
      end of the century the 65+ group will double to a total of approximately 100
      million people. This will be the fastest growing ageing population in history.
      With more than 1000 million inhabitants China is the largest country in the world
      and also because of epidemiological facilities it offers unique opportunities to
      study for instance maximum life-span. Results sofar support the view that this
      will not exceed the generally accepted figure of 120 years. Institutional care is
      limited, but this is at least partly offset by the structure of society, having
      the family as the central unit. Preventive medicine scores high and one should
      hope that it will contribute to geriatrics, as it has contributed to other parts
      of medicine.

PMID- 4024224
TI  - [Drug utilization in 3 nursing homes for somatic patients].
AB  - An investigation was carried out of the drug-use of 198 patients in three nursing
      homes. Almost 80% of the patients used 2 to 7 drugs. The average number of drugs
      per patient relating to regular medications for internal use was 4,36. It was
      5,25 when p.r.n. medications and medications for external use were also included.
      The most frequently used drugs were psychotropics, analgetics, cardiac drugs,
      diuretics and laxatives. Combinations of drugs (including alcohol) that can lead
      to interaction, were often prescribed. The following combinations were found to
      have the highest frequency: two drugs with anticholinergic action, digoxin with a
      potassium-loosing diuretic, two or more drugs which can cause hypotension. The
      number of patients with one or more of these combinations as well as the number
      of combinations per patient increased in correspondence with drug-use per
      patient.

PMID- 4024225
TI  - [Control of allocation through decision making on requests for care. Study of
      indications for nursing homes].
AB  - The allocation of social services is the central theme in this article. More in
      particular attention is drawn to the admission-decisions for residential homes.
      The Dutch government has created specific regulatory forms to control the
      admission policy of private institutions in this field. Two interrelated goals
      are associated with this regulation: first that of selectivity (admission
      restricted to those 'in need'), and second that of objectivity (equal treatment
      and equal opportunities with regard to admission). This article gives the results
      of an empirical investigation into the problem of goal-attainment. It is
      concluded, that both selectivity and objectivity are only partially achieved.
      These findings will be relevant for intended changes in admission-policy. Current
      proposals present the choice between more or less centrally guided admission
      norms, favoring the latter. However, from the theory of rationing this can be
      seen as a shift towards a more hidden system of rationing, which is less
      predictable in outcome contrary to the aforementioned goals of selectivity and
      objectivity.

PMID- 4024226
TI  - Blood banking in the United States--1981.
AB  - Combined data from the American Association of Blood Banks, American National Red
      Cross, and Community Council of Blood Centers for 1981 compared to similar data
      for 1980 show an increase in the collection and use of blood and components. In
      1981, a greater percent of donor units was converted to multiple components. Use
      of blood resources was more efficient in 1981 than in 1980.

PMID- 4024227
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the Middle East from imported blood.
AB  - In Saudi Arabia, a native patient with no known risk factors for the acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed both clinical and laboratory evidence
      of AIDS 2 years after receiving transfusion of 11 units of blood obtained from a
      commercial distributor in the United States. This case suggests that a history of
      transfusions of blood components imported from areas where AIDS is prevalent
      should be elicited from patients in the Middle East with symptoms and physical
      findings suggesting AIDS.

PMID- 4024228
TI  - Development of an optimized additive solution containing ascorbate-2-phosphate
      for the preservation of red cells with retention of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate.
AB  - An additive solution containing adenine, ascorbate-2-phosphate, sodium phosphate,
      dextrose, and saline was developed for packed red cell preservation. The
      combination of all components was simultaneously optimized so that the resulting
      solution produced the maximum retention of both red cell adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP) and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) concentrations. Fourteen nutrient
      combinations were tested; each combination was evaluated for 42 days of storage
      using cells from three donors. The nutrient combinations were chosen with the aid
      of a computerized experimental design process. Results of the experiments were
      modeled by regression analysis, and the model was optimized to produce the "best"
      formulation for simultaneous maintenance of ATP and 2,3 DPG. The resulting
      mathematically optimal formulation was tested in the laboratory using 10 units of
      red cells. With this solution, it was possible to store red cells for 42 days
      with retention of 45 to 55 percent of the initial ATP and 85 to 150 percent of
      the initial 2,3 DPG. Red cell lysis was low (0.8 percent), and most of the cells
      were biconcave discs (by scanning electron microscopy) at the end of storage. The
      studies were carried out in an efficient manner by using computer-optimized
      experimental design techniques coupled with multiple regression modeling and
      subsequent computer optimization of the models. This experimental approach has
      potential application to many current blood banking procedures. This additive
      solution should maintain viable red cells for 42 days. In addition, the solution
      will maintain red cell 2,3 DPG throughout storage.

PMID- 4024229
TI  - Preparation of blood components with saline-adenine-glucose-phosphate-maltose
      quadruple-pack system.
AB  - A saline-adenine-glucose-phosphate-maltose (SAGP-maltose) quadruple-pack system
      was devised to improve the conventional method of preparing blood components. One
      of the features of this method is that high-speed centrifugation was used as the
      initial spin in the two-step centrifugation of whole blood. This feature
      permitted the removal of the buffy coat from red cells at the same time the
      platelets were isolated. Since the platelets were concentrated without forming a
      button, the damage to the platelets due to mechanical stress in preparation was
      minimized. Another major feature was the use of the SAGP-maltose solution.
      Maltose effectively prevented hemolysis during storage in a protein-poor medium
      for preserving red cells. Judging from the red cell adenosine triphosphate level
      and morphology score, it should be possible to store red cells for 35 to 42 days
      in SAGP-maltose preservative. In addition, approximately 25 percent more plasma
      was collected in the present system than in conventional multiple-pack systems.

PMID- 4024230
TI  - Comparison of plateletapheresis with two continuous-flow cell separators using
      identical donors.
AB  - Each of 20 donors underwent plateletapheresis on both the CS-3000 (Fenwal) and
      the 2997 (IBM) blood cell separators. The same operator performed both procedures
      and conducted all product studies for each donor. Platelet collection efficiency
      was significantly greater with the 2997 (81%) than the CS-3000 (60%) (p less than
      .0005). Both techniques provided high platelet yields that were not significantly
      different (2997: 6.1 X 10(11), CS-3000: 5.7 X 10(11)), permitting comparison of
      other variables without accounting for different yields. Significantly more
      leukocytes were present in products collected with the CS-3000 (0.46 X 10(9))
      than the 2997 (0.09 X 10(9), p less than 0.0005). More acid-citrate-dextrose was
      infused during procedures with the 2997 (471 ml) than the CS-3000 (324 ml, p less
      than 0.0005); the donors' ionized calcium decreased significantly more during
      procedures with the 2997 (27.3%) than the CS-3000 (17.0%, p less than 0.0005).
      Hypocalcemic symptoms were more common during procedures with the 2997. Product
      volume was greater with the 2997 (414 ml) than the CS-3000 (237 ml, p less than
      0.0005). All products contained less than 1 ml of red cells. Set-up time was
      significantly greater with the 2997 (37 minutes) than the CS-3000 (18 minutes, p
      less than 0.0005), but processing time was significantly less with the 2997 (90
      minutes) than the CS-3000 (110 minutes, p less than 0.0005). There was no
      difference in the decrease in donor platelet count with procedures between the
      2997 (27%) and the CS-3000 (26%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4024231
TI  - Factors affecting white cell content in platelet concentrates.
AB  - In this study, we investigated the factors affecting white cell content in
      platelet concentrates. White cell yields can be reduced 50 percent by stopping
      platelet-rich plasma expression when the interface is 1 cm from the top of the
      blood bag as compared to stopping expression when the interface reaches the top
      of the bag. Further reductions can be achieved by careful handling during
      transfer of units from the centrifuge cups to expressors (after the first spin)
      and by carefully balancing units against each other to ensure proper rotor
      balance during the first spin. Following these suggestions, blood banks should be
      able to produce platelet concentrates with white cell yields between 2 and 6 X
      10(7) and with platelet yields between 7.5 and 8 X 10(10). Transfusion of this
      product may reduce febrile reactions and lower the incidence of
      alloimmunizations.

PMID- 4024232
TI  - The effect of citrate, calcium, and magnesium ions on the potassium movement
      across the human platelet membrane.
AB  - The intracellular K+ concentration in platelets is reduced during storage in
      citrated plasma. As shown previously, pH has a marked influence on this
      reduction. The effect of citrate and Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the K+ permeability of the
      membrane and on the active K+ transport across the membrane was investigated.
      Platelets were incubated in dialyzed plasma at 37 degrees C, pH 5.5 to 7.9, with
      and without added Ca2+ and Mg2+ and citrate. After 60- to 120-minute incubation,
      a steady state was reached, and ouabain was added to inhibit the active K+
      transport. In the pH interval 5.5 to 6.2 citrate, Ca2+ and Mg2+ had no influence
      on either the active K+ transport or the K+ permeability. Between pH 7.1 and 7.9,
      Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreased the permeability, whereas citrate increased it. At pH
      7.9, citrate had a depressing effect on the active transport. These results
      indicate that a low citrate concentration and a pH below 7 are important for
      maintaining a high intracellular K+ of platelets during storage in plasma.

PMID- 4024233
TI  - Modified fluid gelatin. An alternative macromolecular agent for centrifugal
      leukapheresis.
AB  - We studied a French modified fluid gelatin (MFG), substituting it for
      hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in leukapheresis procedures using three currently
      available blood cell separators, and observing its effects on the function of
      platelets and granulocytes. As a cell-collecting agent, we found MFG to be as
      effective as HES with intermittent flow centrifugation (Haemonetics), and
      slightly less so with one continuous flow device (IBM 2997). MFG was clearly less
      effective than HES with the Fenwal CS-3000 continuous flow separator, although we
      have reason to believe it would be possible to improve efficiency with this
      machine by changing the operating variables. Tests of platelet and granulocyte
      function showed negligible alteration with either agent and no difference between
      them. MFG disappears much more rapidly from the circulation than HES (after a
      single injection, it is undetectable by the third day). Reaction frequency with
      MFG was about the same as that of HES, with perhaps somewhat more frequent
      allergic manifestations.

PMID- 4024234
TI  - "New" autoantibody specificity in autoimmune hemolytic anemia defined with red
      cells treated with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide and a dithiothreitol-papain
      solution.
AB  - Specificity of IgG autoantibodies that react with random red cell samples but not
      with cells treated with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET)-previously was
      related to the Kell blood group system. We now describe an IgG autoantibody, from
      a patient who died with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, that reacted with random red
      cell samples, Ko cells, and with cells treated with a dithiothreitol-papain
      solution, but did not react with AET-treated cells or with Rhnull cells.
      Serological reactivity of the autoantibody is unlike that of IgG autoantibodies
      that do not react only with Rhnull cells. It appears that the reactive antigen is
      not part of the Kell or Rh systems, but is probably modified by the membrane
      anomaly present in Rhnull red cells.

PMID- 4024235
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with concurrence of warm and cold red cell
      autoantibodies and a warm hemolysin.
AB  - This report describes the laboratory findings and clinical course of a patient
      with thrombophlebitis, venous gangrene, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Three
      concomitant red cell autoantibody activities were detected: a low-titer, high
      thermal-amplitude, IgM anti-I cold agglutinin; an IgG warm 'incomplete'
      panagglutinating autoantibody; and an IgM warm hemolysin.

PMID- 4024236
TI  - Anti-Tcb, an antibody that defines a red cell antigen antithetical to Tca.
AB  - A patient's serum, used as a source of anti-Goa typing serum, was found to
      contain a second antibody that detected a 'new' red cell antigen present in
      approximately 5 percent of blacks, but not yet found in Caucasians. Among blacks,
      the 'new' antigen shows an antithetical relationship to the high frequency
      antigen Tca, as evidenced by tests on eight unrelated Tc(a-) black women and the
      families of two of these propositi. The antigen, designated Tcb, has not been
      found on the red cells of Tc(a-) persons whose racial origins differ from the
      propositi of this report, which suggests that more than one genetic mechanism can
      produce the Tc(a-) phenotype. The presence of both anti-Goa and anti-Tcb in the
      same serum appears to be a coincidental and unrelated finding.

PMID- 4024237
TI  - A clinically significant anti-N in a patient whose red cells were negative for N
      and U antigens.
AB  - A patient with sickle cell anemia had M+N-S-s-U-phenotype and developed anti-E,
      anti-U, and anti-N after multiple transfusions. The anti-N was IgG, showed
      positive red cell mononuclear phagocyte assay, caused shortened survival of 51Cr
      labeled N+ red cells, and incited a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction. The
      anti-U also caused decreased survival of U+ cells. The serological findings
      indicated that the anti-N recognized both N and 'N' antigens.

PMID- 4024238
TI  - Management of patients with anti-Cartwright (Yta).
AB  - Five patients with anti-Cartwright (Yta) in their serum were observed during a 14
      month period. One of the patients in whom a 51Cr-labeled donor red cell survival
      study was done showed increased destruction of infused Yta-positive red cells
      while three other patients tested showed a survival of greater than 85 percent at
      1 hour. None of the antibodies potentiated interaction between sensitized red
      cells and heterologous activated mononuclear cells. The fifth patient received
      many transfusions of Yta-positive red cells without any adverse reaction.
      Performance of a 1-hour red cell survival with 51Cr-labeled Yta-positive cells is
      recommended when time permits to determine whether patients with anti-Yta can
      receive Yta-positive red cells or, alternatively, whether they must receive Yta
      negative red cells. This approach not only is the safest for the patient, but
      allows conservation of Yta-negative blood. Such an approach also should be used
      in patients with antibodies against other high-incidence antigens.

PMID- 4024239
TI  - The predictive value of crossmatching platelet transfusion for alloimmunized
      patients.
AB  - To determine the predictive value of a radiolabeled antiglobulin test for
      platelet crossmatching to select platelets for transfusion, we evaluated 230
      transfusions in 42 alloimmunized oncology patients. Transfusions were classified
      according to the degree of HLA match. The value of the crossmatch in predicting
      platelet transfusion outcome was analyzed for each HLA category. For predicting
      the 1-hour corrected platelet count increment of all transfusions, the
      sensitivity of the test was 86 percent, specificity 84 percent, and total
      predictive value 84 percent. The crossmatch technique had similar predictive
      ability in all categories of HLA match, whether analyzing the results on the
      basis of the 1- or 24-hour platelet count rise.

PMID- 4024240
TI  - Treatment of hyperkalemia with exchange transfusion.
AB  - Exchange transfusions using whole blood less than 24 hours old and deglycerolized
      red cells reconstituted with fresh-frozen plasma were performed in two premature
      infants for the treatment of hyperkalemia and cardiac arrhythmia. Improvement of
      their condition was immediate.

PMID- 4024241
TI  - Perioperative blood transfusion in patients with colon carcinoma.
AB  - The effect of perioperative blood transfusion on 5- and 10-year survival
      following curative resection for intra-abdominal colon carcinoma was investigated
      retrospectively. Two hundred and seven patients with Dukes' stages A, B, and C
      carcinoma were divided into two groups: those who received perioperative blood
      transfusion and those who did not. The data indicated that survival was not
      altered by blood transfusion during primary surgical tumor resection. Location of
      tumor in intra-abdominal colon, size of tumor, units of blood received, and stage
      of disease also were considered in our analysis but did not change this
      conclusion.

PMID- 4024242
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 4024243
TI  - Increase in urinary thromboxane B2 in rats caused by cyclosporine.

PMID- 4024244
TI  - Very high concentration in intestinal lymph after oral, but not after
      intravenous, cyclosporine in the rat.

PMID- 4024245
TI  - The effect of cyclosporine on organ blood flow.

PMID- 4024246
TI  - Detection of anti-HLA and antimonocyte antibodies by a chemoluminescence assay.

PMID- 4024247
TI  - Proceedings of an International Symposium on Cyclosporine-Associated Renal
      Injury. March 11-13, 1985, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

PMID- 4024248
TI  - The effect of cyclosporine of renal function in newly diagnosed diabetics.

PMID- 4024249
TI  - Aetiology and pathogenesis of tropical sprue: do viruses play a role?

PMID- 4024251
TI  - Relationship of urinary pepsinogen with serum pepsinogen in duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 4024250
TI  - Nimbidin in duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 4024252
TI  - [Use of a culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes for determining the
      mutagenic activity of urine].
AB  - The present study shows that the culture of human peripheral lymphocytes may be
      used as target cells for detecting the whole urine mutagenic activity. It is
      established that urine from healthy control cigarette smokers and from non
      smoking greenhouse workers contacting with a complex of different pesticides
      significantly increased frequency of chromosome aberrations in the approbated
      test-system. The data obtained give evidence for the presence of genetically
      active substances in organisms of the examined individuals.

PMID- 4024253
TI  - [Role of ethanol tolerance in determining a hereditary disposition to
      alcoholism].
AB  - Genetic-correlative analysis of the tolerance level, amount of alcohol consumed
      (ml/kg for 1 year) as well as predisposition to the development of alcoholism
      permitted an assumption on existence of two different genetic factors one of
      which determined the tolerance level and the other one-predisposition to disease.

PMID- 4024254
TI  - [Cultivation of chorionic cells in studying the fetal karyotype in the 1st
      trimester of pregnancy].
AB  - Primary culture of chorion cells obtained during the first trimester of pregnancy
      (7-9 weeks) through artificial abortion or by transcervical biopsy of the chorion
      tissue is an object for cytogenetic examination of fetus cells. The application
      of this cell culture for prenatal diagnosis of human hereditary diseases has a
      considerable advantage in time as compared with a routine method of using
      amniotic fluid cell culture during the second trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 4024255
TI  - [Ultrastructure of hematopoietic and stromal cells of the subendosteal region of
      the bone marrow].
AB  - Using electron microscopic cytochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy, the
      ultrastructure of bone marrow (BM) cells of the subendosteal region with a high
      colony-forming (CFUs) ability was studied. In comparison with the central part of
      BM, the subendosteal region of CBA and BALB/c mice contains a higher number of
      lymphocyte-like mononuclears, bearing an antigen, common with the brain surface
      one but negative for peroxidase and acid and alkaline phosphatase. The
      ultrastructure of these cells is similar to that of presumptive hematopoietic
      stem cells. In the subendosteal region mononuclears are concentrated with the
      lower nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, a feston-like line of the nucleus and more
      numerous organoids. These cells are characteristic of BM myeloid islands composed
      of granulocytes being on various stages of differentiation, and of reticular
      cells positive for alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 4024256
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the muscle fibers of the rat diaphragm and the
      dynamics of intracellular calcium redistribution as affected by an
      anticholinesterase substance--chlorophos].
AB  - Ultrastructural changes of the rat diaphragm muscle fibers and electron
      histochemical distribution of calcium ions were studied following chlorophos
      administration in 5, 15 and 45 minutes (dose - 300 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The
      local swelling of mitochondrial matrix and the appearance of contractures were
      found first in postsynaptical region. Then the postsynaptical alterations
      increased; the swelling and fragmentation of sarcoplasmic reticulum were observed
      in addition to desorganization of mitochondrial ultrastructure. Granules of the
      histochemical product were revealed in mitochondria, in the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum and in filaments. Changes in distribution of calcium ions in the rat
      diaphragm muscle fibres after chlorophos administration and the role of Ca++ the
      in the mechanism of muscle alteration discussed.

PMID- 4024257
TI  - [Electron microscopic-cytochemical study of succinate dehydrogenase activity of
      nerve tissue cells of human embryos in vitro].
AB  - The ultrastructural localization of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was
      revealed in astrocyte-like cells of 26 days old nervous tissue organotypic
      cultures. The Kerpel-Fronius and Hajos (1968) technique was employed using
      potassium ferricyanide as an artificial acceptor of electrons. The localization
      of the reaction product was seen more often in cells with long, thread-like
      mitochondria. The appearance of such organelles with a large membrane length and
      high enzymatic activity is suggested to reflect one of the mechanisms of
      adaptation of nervous tissue cells providing the adequate level of the energy
      supply under in vitro conditions.

PMID- 4024258
TI  - [Differentiation pathways of primary erythroid cells in chickens].
AB  - Proliferation and differentiation processes of chick embryo primary erythroid
      cells (PEC) were studied. A novel differentiation pathway was discovered by which
      cells of proerythroblastic and erythroblastic stages are blocked in G1 or G2
      phases, to develop then directly into reticulocytes, i.e. terminally
      differentiated non-dividing cells with high hemoglobin contents differing in
      shape from erythrocytes. These cells appear in blood two days earlier than
      erythrocytes, then they co-exist with the latter and are eliminated in parallel
      with them. This pathway leads to a rapid enrichment of PEC with hemoglobin. A
      fraction of PEC forms accessory nuclei, which, as it is shown here, contain an
      extra quantity of DNA. Compared to the diploid ones, such cells reveal increased
      hemoglobin contents which enabled us to assume that they may have amplified the
      globin genes. The above-mentioned pecularities of cytodifferentiation may be
      presumably an adaptation to oxygen supply of growing embryos which are known to
      stay in hypoxia. A comparison of these results with results of our earlier study
      on experimental anemia makes it possible to suppose that pecularities of these
      two types of cytodifferentiation may be based on similar or, perhaps, analogous
      mechanisms of regulation.

PMID- 4024259
TI  - [DNA synthesis and content and the accumulation of total protein and hemoglobin
      during the differentiation of primary erythroid cells in chickens].
AB  - Using cytophotometric and autoradiographic methods, it was shown that on days 2-3
      of embryogenesis primary erythroid cells (PEC) divided actively. The distribution
      of erythroblasts (EB) according to their DNA content is not, however, typical of
      a proliferating population: it contains an unusually large number of 4c cells
      resulting from the cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase. It is established that
      reticulocytes (RC) do not divide and are arrested at G1 or G2 phases, since they
      do not incorporate 3H-thymidine after their formation is complete and their DNA
      contents are strictly confined to either 2c or 4c. All types of PEC include a
      large number of cells containing H2c DNA which is due either to the cell cycle
      arrest at the S phase, or to the formation of accessory nuclei. All PECs have
      much higher contents of hemoglobin and total protein than do adult hen
      erythrocytes (EC). Hemoglobin and total protein contents of H2c and accessory
      nuclei containing cells are much higher than those in 2c-cells. We have
      calculated that adult birds and embryos contain the same amount of hemoglobin per
      gram of weight, but the quantity of red blood cells in the former is ten times
      higher. A conclusion is drawn that proliferation and cytodifferentiation
      regulation mechanisms are directed, in primary erythropoiesis, to intense
      hemoglobinization of the cells, and, in adult erythropoiesis, to increasing their
      number. In both the cases homeostatic regulation of erythropoiesis
      works.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4024260
TI  - [Changes in the activity of hydrogen ions in lymphocytes during the endocytosis
      of concanavalin A].
AB  - Changes of hydrogen ions activity in rat thymocytes were studied during the
      process of concanavalin A (Con A) endocytosis by cells. A possibility was shown
      to use fluoresceinisothiocyanate-labeled Con A for measuring pH values in the
      sites of mitogen localization. It is established that during the action of Con A
      endocytotic vesicles with low pH value are formed, while the pH value of the
      cytoplasm is increased. The pH value measured in the sites of mitogen
      localization depends on the treatment of cells by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside and
      sodium azide. Mechanisms of acidic-basic equilibrium changes in the cytoplasm of
      lymphocytes upon cell stimulation with mitogens are discussed.

PMID- 4024261
TI  - [Cell cycle parameters and proliferative activity in chorioallantois tissues at
      various stages in chick embryo development].
AB  - Two peculiarities of cell population kinetics are characteristic of the
      provisional tissues of the chick embryo chorioallantois. The one is that the
      proliferative pool is relatively small at relatively early stages of
      embryogenesis (8 day incubation). The other is that at the final stages of
      embryogenesis, when proliferative activity in the embryo cell populations is
      still high, the cell reproduction is practically stopped. The process of tissue
      differentiation in chorioallantois, on the one hand, is accompanied with a
      withdrawal of a considerable part of cells from the cycle of reproduction, but on
      the other hand this differentiation affects the cells that have remained in the
      proliferative compartment which is reflected in modifications of either the cell
      cycle structure or the cell population composition.

PMID- 4024262
TI  - Tick survey on goats and sheep in Kenya.
AB  - A tick survey was done on sheep and goats in Siaya and Kakamega Districts, Kenya
      between October 1980 and October 1981. Most of the animals were found to carry
      one to 10 ticks with no significant difference between sheep and goats. The most
      abundant species was R. appendiculatus followed by R. evertsi. There were more
      male than female ticks found on the animals. Thirty per cent of the farms visited
      practised the hand picking method of tick control while 14% regularly dipped
      their animals.

PMID- 4024263
TI  - Reproductive performance, pre-weaning growth rate and pre-weaning lamb mortality
      of Djallonke sheep in Ghana.
AB  - Production records for a flock of Djallonke sheep kept in the forest belt of
      Ghana were analysed to determine the effects of some environmental factors on the
      performance of the breed. The period under study covered April 1969 to November
      1979. The mean ages at first conception and first lambing and the mean lambing
      interval were 498, 638 and 264 days respectively. The overall twinning rate and
      prolificacy were 30.7 and 130.6% respectively. The season of birth and age of dam
      had significant (P less than 0.05) effects on prolificacy and twinning rate. The
      birth weights of the lambs were affected significantly (P less than 0.05) by age
      of dam, type of birth, sex and season of birth with the mean birth weight being
      1.77 kg. Weaning weight (mean of 8.36 kg) and pre-weaning growth rate (mean of
      0.076 kg/day) were affected significantly (P less than 0.05) by types of birth.
      Type of birth significantly (P less than 0.05) affected pre-weaning mortality of
      lambs (overall mean of 20.95%).

PMID- 4024264
TI  - Preliminary studies on the performance and productivity indices of N'Dama and
      west African shorthorn cattle in Ghana.
AB  - The performance of N'Dama and West African Shorthorn cattle in the humid forest
      zone of Ghana was evaluated using records (1969-1979) on these breeds kept at the
      UST livestock farm. The mean age at first calving for N'Dama was 32.07 months.
      Calving intervals of 501.92 and 462.83 days were obtained for N'Dama and West
      African Shorthorn cattle respectively. The secondary sex ratio for N'Dama calves
      was not significantly different from the expected theoretical value of 50%; that
      of the West African Shorthorn was, however, significantly different from the
      expected theoretical value mainly due to the small size of the population.
      Average birth weight for the two breeds was not significantly affected by breed,
      season of birth, weight and age of dam. Sex significantly affected the birth
      weight of the N'Dama calves. Pre-weaning and post-weaning growth rates of N'Dama
      male calves were significantly greater than the pre-weaning and post-weaning
      growth rates of females. For the West African Shorthorn sex did not significantly
      (P greater than 0.05) affect these traits. Calf mortalities for the two breeds
      were 10.53% for N'Dama and 21.05% for the West African Shorthorn. Calving
      percentage was not affected by breed. The productivity indices per cow per year
      were 72.7 kg for N'Dama and 32.1 kg for the West African Shorthorn. The
      productivity indices per 100 kg cow maintained per year were 36.8 kg for N'Dama
      and 16.6 kg for the West African Shorthorn.

PMID- 4024265
TI  - Trypanosoma evansi infection in buffaloes in north-east Thailand. I. Field
      investigations.
AB  - Clinical, parasitological and serological findings of Trypanosoma evansi
      infections in buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) from north-eastern Thailand are
      reported. The overall infection rate was found to be around 20% with a distinct
      peak of acute infections during the rainy season. The disease is aggravated by
      normally well tolerated concomitant infections such as liver fluke infestations
      and by other stress factors.

PMID- 4024266
TI  - Hyperimmune serum in the control of peste des petits ruminants.
AB  - The value of administration of hyperimmune serum in the control of peste des
      petits ruminants was investigated in goats at different stages of the disease. A
      group of the goats was given hyperimmune serum intravenously at the fever stage
      of temperature of 40.5 degrees C or above; another group showing no elevation of
      temperature but with other clinical signs of the disease were also given
      hyperimmune serum. Results indicated that hyperimmune serum was very effective in
      reversing the process of the disease if administered at the fever stage but not
      in animals that had progressed past the fever stage. The goats given the
      hyperimmune serum survived for 10 days before showing evidence of reinfection.

PMID- 4024267
TI  - Survey of brucellosis in goats and sheep in the Yemen Arab Republic: comparison
      of tests for Brucella melitensis infection in sheep.
AB  - Sera from 538 Yemeni goats and 690 Yemeni sheep were screened for brucellosis by
      the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and reactors confirmed by the complement
      fixation test (CFT) and the serum agglutination test (SAT). The prevalence among
      goats was 0.4% and among sheep 0.6%. The prevalence among 183 imported goats and
      sheep was 4.4%. The sensitivity and specificity of three serological tests
      available for the diagnosis of brucellosis -CFT, RBPT and SAT - were compared
      using ovine sera obtained throughout an outbreak of abortion due to Brucella
      melitensis. The RBPT and the SAT were relatively insensitive compared with the
      CFT (71 and 44% respectively) and the RBPT was as specific as the SAT when
      suspicious sera were included. The results suggests that the SAT adds little
      information when used with other tests and the RBPT has limited applications as a
      screening test for ovine brucellosis.

PMID- 4024268
TI  - Activity of the combination of fludalanine and cycloserine against mycobacteria
      in vitro.
AB  - The initial steps in the incorporation of alanine into the bacterial cell wall
      include the conversion of natural to D-alanine by a racemase followed by the
      coupling of 2 D-alanine molecules by a synthetase to yield a dipeptide. A
      combination of fludalanine (3-fluoro-2-deutero-D-alanine), an analogue of D
      alanine that irreversibly inactivates the racemase, and cycloserine, which
      inhibits the synthetase, has been found to be more active against a wide range of
      non-mycobacterial organisms than either fludalanine or cycloserine alone. When
      tested against 16 strains of slowly growing mycobacteria including M.
      tuberculosis, the combination was no more active than cycloserine alone. However
      the cycloserine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the combination against
      the rapidly growing species M. phlei and M. fortuitum was much lower than the MIC
      of cycloserine alone, particularly with low ratios of fludalanine to cycloserine,
      and was within the range attainable by therapeutic cycloserine plasma
      concentrations in man, suggesting its possible use in the treatment of disease
      due to M. fortuitum.

PMID- 4024269
TI  - Prophylactic effect in mice of BCG vaccination against nontuberculous
      mycobacterial infections.
AB  - The effect of prior vaccination of mice with Mycobacterium bovis BCG on the
      subsequent course of acute aerogenic infection with various environmental
      mycobacteria was tested. A protective effect was recorded against infection with
      M. avium, and M. kansasii; by contrast no effect was noted against M. simiae or
      M. intracellulare. The prophylactic effects of BCG were demonstrated regardless
      of whether vaccination was given by the intravenous or aerogenic routes. These
      findings support the hypothesis that BCG vaccination, if given prior to contact,
      can provide some degree of protection against certain non-tuberculous
      mycobacterial infections.

PMID- 4024270
TI  - Exogenous reinfection in experimental airborne tuberculosis.
AB  - This study of experimental airborne tuberculosis in which guinea pigs were
      infected with tubercle bacilli of low and high virulence, provides no support for
      hypotheses suggesting that a second or third exposure to tubercle bacilli leads
      to an adverse effect on host response to the first infecting strain or to the
      reinfecting strain. The principal influence of the first infection was to protect
      against a subsequent infection. This protection was most evident as inhibition of
      the spread of bacilli from the lungs to the spleen. The first infection appeared
      to exert less influence on events at the site of reimplantation of organisms in
      the lungs.

PMID- 4024271
TI  - A clinical evaluation of the diagnostic usefulness of an early dermal reaction to
      tuberculin: a failure to distinguish between tuberculosis and other respiratory
      disease.
AB  - An early (6-8 hour) reaction to RT23 tuberculin which was previously found to
      distinguish between patients with active tuberculosis and healthy tuberculin
      positive individuals failed to distinguish between such patients and those with
      other respiratory diseases. It also failed to distinguish between radiologically
      active and inactive cases of tuberculosis. Such early reactions were frequent
      among healthy hospital workers but not among other healthy subjects.

PMID- 4024272
TI  - The Mantoux reaction in pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - The Mantoux test was done on 181 tuberculous patients, of which 124 were sputum
      positive. In 102 (93%) sputum positive cases the tuberculin reaction was between
      10 and 19 mm. and in only 2 cases was the reaction less than 6 mm. In the sputum
      negative cases 7 (12%) were Mantoux negative and 5 (9%) had reactions of less
      than 10 mm. In some of the sputum-negative cases the diagnosis of tuberculosis
      may have been incorrect.

PMID- 4024273
TI  - Pleuroscopy in the diagnosis of pleural effusion using a fiberoptic bronchoscope.
AB  - Forty patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions were investigated by
      pleuroscopy, using a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Pleural biopsies diagnostic of
      tuberculosis were obtained in 17 cases, and in 12 of these tubercle bacilli were
      cultured from the pleural fluid. Pleural biopsy at thoracoscopy is superior to
      the percutaneous intercostal route and for this purpose the fiberoptic
      bronchoscope is preferable to the rigid thoracoscope.

PMID- 4024274
TI  - Disseminated bone and joint tuberculosis 25 years after development of lupus
      vulgaris.
AB  - A case of extensive bone and joint tuberculosis is reported in a 62-year-old
      caucasian woman who had a 25 year history of inadequately treated facial lupus
      vulgaris. In spite of a good response to standard anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy
      there was extensive residual joint destruction.

PMID- 4024275
TI  - Vitamin D 3 metabolism during anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.

PMID- 4024276
TI  - Poncet's disease.

PMID- 4024277
TI  - Tuberculosis of the female genital tract.

PMID- 4024278
TI  - Effect of medical treatment on intracranial tuberculoma--a CT study.
AB  - Computerized tomography (CT) provides a non-invasive method for making a
      reasonably confident diagnosis of intracranial tuberculosis and an opportunity to
      study the response to treatment. Using this facility a series of 50 patients with
      intracranial tuberculomas, whose vision or life was not threatened by severe
      intracranial hypertension, were treated with antituberculosis chemotherapy. Most
      of the small and medium sized lesions resolved completely. Central liquefaction
      was observed in one case while only three failed to respond to treatment, there
      was one death. Three illustrative cases have been reported in detail.

PMID- 4024279
TI  - Trends in cancer mortality in Italy, 1955-1978.
AB  - Trends in age-specific and age-standardized cancer death certification rates in
      Italy from 1955 to 1978 were analyzed. In males total cancer mortality rates
      increased in all age groups. However, when respiratory and other tobacco-related
      neoplasms were excluded, death certification rates were roughly stable up to age
      64. Moderate decreases in overall cancer mortality have been apparent at younger
      ages (35-44) since the early 1970's. In females, all the age-specific and the age
      standardized, under-65 death certification rates decreased; the downward trends
      were more pronounced (-18.5%) in the younger age group considered (35-44 years).
      Respiratory cancer mortality increased sharply in males: lung cancer death rates
      reached a plateau in the early 1970's in the 35-44-year age group, but increased
      at all subsequent ages. In females, the increase in lung cancer mortality was
      about 50% in the 45-54 and 55-64-year age groups, but no upward trend was evident
      in younger women. Other tobacco-related cancers (mouth or pharynx, larynx,
      esophagus, pancreas, kidney and bladder) also rose considerably. In both sexes,
      gastric cancer mortality dropped about 50% below age 65, but mortality rates from
      cancer of the stomach were still considerably higher than in other Western
      countries. Likewise, mortality from cancer of the (cervix) uteri decreased
      markedly, mostly in younger age groups. Upward trends in death certification
      rates were evident for cancers of the bowel (colon and rectum, about 50% in
      males, and 35% in females below age 65), and of the breast in females. However,
      these trends have levelled off since the late 1960's, at least in the younger age
      groups. Certified death rates from cancer of the skin (melanoma) increased over
      all the periods considered in the young of both sexes. Cancer mortality rates
      showed marked increases in older (greater than or equal to 65) males, but this
      can be partially explained in terms of better case ascertainment and more
      accurate death certification.

PMID- 4024280
TI  - Inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in P388 mouse leukemia ascites cells by
      bouvardin (NSC 259968).
AB  - Bouvardin, a new antineoplastic plant product, inhibits macromolecular synthesis
      in P388 cells in a dose-dependent manner. At the same concentration of bouvardin,
      protein synthesis was inhibited to a greater extent than the synthesis of DNA and
      RNA. There was a reversal of inhibition of both DNA and RNA synthesis after the
      cells were washed free of bouvardin. However, there was partial reversal of
      inhibition of protein synthesis when the cells were washed free of the drug.

PMID- 4024281
TI  - Perfluorocarbone (FDA 20) and extracorporeal circuit of isolated extremity
      perfusion.
AB  - The applicability of Fluosol DA 20 as a perfusion fluid was investigated in the
      isolated limb perfusion of 14 mongrel dogs and its performance compared with that
      of diluted blood. Control of perfusion parameters permitted a direct comparison
      of the two perfusion liquids. Muscle tissue, blood and perfusate were analyzed
      for pH, pO2, pCO2, O2 content, lactate, pyruvate, ATP and creatine phosphate. Due
      to given experimental conditions, the pH values of the perfusion liquid and
      muscle tissue were in a slightly acidic range. The oxygen uptake of the perfusion
      liquids and the oxygenation of tissue was satisfactory, the metabolism of the
      muscle tissue was not disrupted.

PMID- 4024282
TI  - Limb-salvage procedure in two patients with spindle cell carcinoma of the lower
      extremities using isolation perfusion.
AB  - Two patients with extensive squamous cell carcinoma of the lower extremities,
      candidate for demolitive surgery, were treated by hyperthermic antiblastic
      perfusion in extracorporeal circulation. The temperature reached was 41 degrees C
      and the drug used was methotrexate at the dosage of 500 mg. Radical excision of
      the ulcer was possible in the 2 patients. Both tumors underwent extensive
      necrosis, and histology done 1 month after perfusion on surgical specimens showed
      limited areas of residual malignancy. These 2 patients suggest that hyperthermic
      antiblastic perfusion may be a limb salvage procedure in the multimodal
      management of extended squamous cell carcinoma of the extremities.

PMID- 4024284
TI  - Serum estrogen level in Egyptian breast cancer patients.
AB  - In menstruating 20-29 year old breast cancer patients, the total estrogen level
      showed a significant increase in the early follicular phase compared to normal
      healthy subjects. Such a difference was not observed in 30-45 year-old patients.
      A nonsignificant decrease was observed in the estradiol level of premenopausal
      breast cancer patients compared to normal healthy subjects. However, in
      postmenopausal breast cancer patients, the total estrogen level as well as the
      estradiol level showed a significant increase compared to that of normal healthy
      subjects.

PMID- 4024283
TI  - Role of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction in classifying patients with
      bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - Cell-mediated immune response was evaluated in 150 patients with histologically
      confirmed bronchopulmonary carcinoma using bacterial and fungal recall antigens
      injected intradermally (PPD, candida, trichophyton). In the study group negative
      skin test reaction was found in 51 of 150 patients (34.0%), whereas in the
      control population it was found in 5 of 33 cases (15.1%) (p less than 0.05).
      Histologic cell type and stage of disease were defined for each patient. It was
      possible to calculate the growth rate of the primary tumor only in 68 of 150
      patients, and it was recorded as doubling time. Evaluation of the skin test
      reaction in each prognostic subgroup showed no statistically significant
      differences. The only statistically significant differences were found when each
      prognostic subgroup was compared with the control population according to the
      frequency of a negative response to the skin test, particularly in stage III M1
      (p less than 0.05) and stage III M0 (p less than 0.02). The delayed cutaneous
      hypersensitivity studied with recall antigen stimulation was mainly correlated
      with the stage of disease, and it should not be considered as an independent
      prognostic factor.

PMID- 4024285
TI  - Hodgkin's disease developing in a patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy
      with dysproteinemia--a case report.
AB  - The case of a woman presenting the clinical and pathologic phenomena of
      angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) with dysproteinemia is reported. The
      patient developed lesions in the lymph nodes, skin, lungs, liver and spleen, and
      her response to steroid and cyclophosphamide therapy was poor. At autopsy,
      microscopic findings in the mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes were consistent
      with the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Whereas the development of immunoblastic
      lymphoma is frequent in AILD, Hodgkin's disease is far less common. It is argued
      that malignant lymphoma in AILD may be the consequence of chronically depressed
      lymphocyte functions.

PMID- 4024286
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the small bowel.
AB  - Two cases of leiomyosarcoma of the small bowel are described. Both patients
      presented a large mass adherent to the intestinal wall, with a central necrotic
      area communicating with the intestinal lumen. Microscopically, the lesions were
      identified as grade III leiomyosarcomas.

PMID- 4024287
TI  - [Lyell's syndrome in a patient treated with allopurinol].

PMID- 4024288
TI  - [Cystic dilatation of the choledochus. Apropos of 2 case reports].

PMID- 4024289
TI  - [Surgical evaluation of neoplastic bilio-pancreatic icterus: apropos of 55
      cases].

PMID- 4024290
TI  - [Contribution of echocardiography to the study of the impact of sports on the
      heart].

PMID- 4024291
TI  - [Contribution of echocardiography to the study of the myxedematous heart].

PMID- 4024292
TI  - [Iatrogenic strictures of the urethra. Apropos of 67 cases].

PMID- 4024293
TI  - [Clinical polymorphism of prostatic adenocarcinoma: apropos of 146 cases].

PMID- 4024294
TI  - [Delivery in the malformed uterus. Apropos of 23 cases].

PMID- 4024295
TI  - [Management of the newborn infant of the diabetic mother. Apropos of 135 cases].

PMID- 4024296
TI  - [Value of determining serum and secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) in recurrent
      bronchopulmonary infections].

PMID- 4024297
TI  - [Auditory deficiency and language].

PMID- 4024298
TI  - [Phytohemagglutinin--a modulator of activity of cytochrome P-450-dependent
      enzymes of hepatocyte and immunocyte membranes].
AB  - The phytohemagglutinin effect in vivo on monooxygenase activity depends on the
      type of the cells under study (thymocytes, splenocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes)
      and on the period after lectin injection. Variations of monooxygenase activities
      associated with different forms of cytochrome P-450 are established to have a
      number of peculiarities in isolated hepatocytes as compared to those in the liver
      microsome fraction. These differences are supposed to be due to the effect of
      nonmicrosomal cytochrome P-450. The results obtained are discussed with regard
      for phytohemagglutinin effect on systems regulating activity of cytochrome P-450
      dependent monooxygenases.

PMID- 4024299
TI  - [A method of determining the antioxidative activity of biological matter].
AB  - A procedure is described for determining antioxidation activity of the water
      soluble biological material. The procedure is based on the study of kinetics of
      the reduced 2.6-dichlorophenolindophenol oxidation by air oxygen both with and
      without the biological material as well as on calculation of the value for the
      constant of the biological material inhibition of 2.6-dichlorophenolindophenol
      oxidation as an index of the biological material antioxidation activity.

PMID- 4024300
TI  - [Chemiluminescent determination of copper in the serum].
AB  - A procedure for chemiluminescent determination of copper in the blood serum ash
      is suggested using an indicator reaction between 4-aminophthalhydrazide and
      hydrogen peroxide permitting copper to be determined in a minimum (0.003
      micrograms) concentrations in 1 ml of the blood serum.

PMID- 4024301
TI  - [Chemiluminescent determination of iron, copper and cobalt in the serum].
AB  - Iron in the presence of diethylenetriamine, an activator, is a catalyst of the
      chemiluminescent reaction between 4-diethylaminophthalhydraside and hydrogen
      peroxide. The following conditions are optimal for iron content determination:
      concentration of 4-diethylaminophthalhydraside - (4-5) X 10(-5) M, H2O2 - 1 X 10(
      3) M, diethylenetriamine - 5 X 10(-4) M; pH 10-11. Chemoluminescent reaction
      between 4-diethylaminophthalhydrazide and hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed also by
      copper and cobalt ions. This reaction is studied for the possibility to be used
      to determine iron, copper and cobalt amount in solution without their preliminary
      separation. A highly sensitive procedure is developed for chemiluminescent
      determination of these metals concentration in the blood serum with detection
      limit for iron 1.0, for copper - 0.1 and for cobalt - 0.05 ng/ml.

PMID- 4024302
TI  - [Effect of freezing-thawing on the adenylate cyclase activity of the rat liver].
AB  - Various regimes of freezing and thawing as well as adrenaline and fluoride ions
      are studied for their effect on the adenylate cyclase activity in liver tissue
      preparations. The reduction of basal and fluoride-stimulating adenylate cyclase
      activity and a decrease in the adrenaline-stimulating activity of the enzyme
      after freezing and thawing are shown. Freezing and thawing are studied for
      molecular mechanisms of their damaging effect on adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 4024303
TI  - [Effect of extreme factors and adaptation to high-altitude conditions on
      peroxidation indices of serum lipids].
AB  - High and low temperatures, physical exercises and acute hypoxia are studied for
      their effect on indices of peroxide lipid oxidation in highly trained persons
      under alpine conditions (2100-5600 m). Temperature effects (-15 degrees C and
      +100 degrees C, for 30 minutes) as well as their combination with acute hypoxy
      cause an increase (by 10-30%) of malonic dialdehyde and a decrease (by 46-70%) of
      spontaneous chemoluminescence of blood serum in nonadapted people. Adaptation to
      alpine conditions in combination with physical exercises and low-caloric diet
      decreases shifts of these indices, considerably increasing the organism stability
      to the action of such extreme stress agents as high and low temperatures and
      acute hypoxy.

PMID- 4024305
TI  - [The Jeune syndrome, asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia. A review and description of
      2 siblings].

PMID- 4024304
TI  - [Eosinophilic fasciitis. A review and a characteristic case report].

PMID- 4024306
TI  - [Giant cell arteritis. Forms of expression and course illustrated by a
      retrospective study over a 10-year period].

PMID- 4024307
TI  - [Ocular side effects of ethambutol (Myambutol). A 5-year Danish review].

PMID- 4024308
TI  - [Ectopic pregnancy. A retrospective study over a period of 20 years].

PMID- 4024309
TI  - [Preoperative determination of fibrin degradation products (FDP) in the sera of
      patients with suspected gynecologic tumors].

PMID- 4024310
TI  - [Simultaneous occurrence of Trichomonas vaginalis and gonorrhea in women].

PMID- 4024311
TI  - [The Miller-Abbott tube introduced endoscopically. Description of a method].

PMID- 4024312
TI  - [Accidents on escalators].

PMID- 4024313
TI  - [Reversible visual field defects and severe anemia].

PMID- 4024314
TI  - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder].

PMID- 4024315
TI  - [Malignant hemangioendothelioma with massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage].

PMID- 4024316
TI  - [What is dioxin?].

PMID- 4024317
TI  - [Violence against women in their partnerships. III. Education, employment and
      housing].

PMID- 4024318
TI  - [Home examination of 5-week-old infants. Cooperation between doctors and health
      visitors].

PMID- 4024319
TI  - [Acute proctitis].

PMID- 4024320
TI  - [The differential diagnosis of infectious proctitis and ulcerative colitis. A
      prospective study].

PMID- 4024321
TI  - [Cardiovascular changes and acid-base balance during bicarbonate and acetate
      dialysis].

PMID- 4024322
TI  - [Review of the transfusion requirements associated with elective surgery].

PMID- 4024323
TI  - [Arrhythmias during the first 24 hours of hospitalization for the first episode
      of acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4024324
TI  - [Methylprednisolone pulse therapy in Felty's syndrome].

PMID- 4024325
TI  - [Urination disorders during Abalgin medication?].

PMID- 4024326
TI  - [Systemic anaphylaxis and allergic reactions following administration of
      penicillins. Report to the Committee of Adverse Drug Reactions].

PMID- 4024327
TI  - [Violence against women in their partnerships. IV. Pattern of contact with public
      institutions].

PMID- 4024328
TI  - [The occurrence of benign pulmonary changes in the spouses of previously employed
      asbestos workers].

PMID- 4024329
TI  - [Midges and the nuisance of biting midges].

PMID- 4024330
TI  - [Intracranial saccular aneurysms in children and adolescents. The clinical
      picture, complicating factors and long-term prognosis].

PMID- 4024331
TI  - [Sunshine and malignant melanoma. A possible connection between sunburn and the
      development of malignant melanoma].

PMID- 4024332
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis in urban and rural regions].

PMID- 4024333
TI  - [Technical failure following osteosynthesis of trochanteric fractures of the
      femur. A clinical follow-up study].

PMID- 4024334
TI  - [Adenoma of the nipple and concomitant breast cancer].

PMID- 4024335
TI  - [Glucagon and impacted food in the esophagus].

PMID- 4024336
TI  - [Tuberous sclerosis. Report of a case with monstrous benign retroperitoneal tumor
      masses].

PMID- 4024337
TI  - [Attempted suicide among children and adolescents. A follow-up study 1976-1983].

PMID- 4024338
TI  - [Pattern of referral of patients with acute eye injuries. A regional study].

PMID- 4024339
TI  - [Patients' evaluation of outpatient surgery].

PMID- 4024340
TI  - [Sympathetic control of arteriole tone in peripheral tissue during orthostatic
      stress. Physiological and clinical aspects].

PMID- 4024341
TI  - [Epidermolytic toxin. Dermatologic manifestations].

PMID- 4024342
TI  - [Acid phosphatases and rectal examination. A study with immunologic analysis].

PMID- 4024343
TI  - [Lamp oil poisoning in early childhood].

PMID- 4024344
TI  - [Isosorbide-5-mononitrate. A metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate].

PMID- 4024345
TI  - [Driving licence problems in diabetics. Rules, occurrence of accidents and
      legislation].

PMID- 4024346
TI  - [Deaths in diabetics--forensic aspects. A retrospective study of diabetes found
      in forensic autopsies over a period of 25 years].

PMID- 4024347
TI  - [The care of diabetics].

PMID- 4024348
TI  - [Traumatic avulsion of nerve roots in the medulla. Increased occurrence among
      drivers of motorcycles and mopeds].

PMID- 4024349
TI  - [Weever fish stings and their sequelae].

PMID- 4024350
TI  - [C-reactive protein in acute appendicitis. A prospective blind study].

PMID- 4024351
TI  - [Treatment of metastatic fractures of the femoral shaft by closed reposition and
      intramedullary nailing].

PMID- 4024352
TI  - [Primary osteosynthesis of scaphoid bone fractures].

PMID- 4024353
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hip arthrosis with hemi-arthroplasty].

PMID- 4024354
TI  - [Microsurgical salpingostomy].

PMID- 4024355
TI  - [Persistent foreign body of the small intestine].

PMID- 4024356
TI  - [Aseptic bone necrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Relationship to
      glucocorticoid therapy].

PMID- 4024358
TI  - [An experimental community psychiatry project in the counties of Brorup, Vejen
      and Holsted Ribe].

PMID- 4024357
TI  - [Giant vesical calculus].

PMID- 4024359
TI  - [Clinical ethics: the work of the physician].

PMID- 4024360
TI  - [Suicide, economics and social environment in Quebec, 1950-1981].

PMID- 4024361
TI  - [Health education, a new and improved version].

PMID- 4024362
TI  - [Childhood poisoning in the Montreal region].

PMID- 4024363
TI  - [Familial cancer. 1. Familial adenocarcinoma].

PMID- 4024364
TI  - [Cervical and parasternal mediastinoscopy. Surgical technics in the examination
      of superior mediastinal lymph nodes].

PMID- 4024366
TI  - [Wheezing? Whistling? Breathing with a whistling sound? Study of the word "siler"
      in medical terminology].

PMID- 4024367
TI  - [Abstracts of reports. Association of Physician Microbiologists of Quebec. Annual
      meeting. Isle-aux-Coudres, Quebec, 30-31 May 1985].

PMID- 4024365
TI  - [The association of diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency and reactional
      perforating collagenosis: apropos of a case].

PMID- 4024368
TI  - [Psychopathology and violence: review of concepts and applications].

PMID- 4024369
TI  - [Familial cancer. 2. The S.B.L.A. syndrome: sarcoma of the breast, brain,
      leukemia and adrenals].

PMID- 4024370
TI  - [Ileo-anal anastomosis. Physiopathology and clinical application].

PMID- 4024371
TI  - [Sports and the heart].

PMID- 4024372
TI  - [Double-cup arthroplasty: analysis of 36 cases].

PMID- 4024373
TI  - [Rational use of thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy based on a statistical
      analysis: practical view].

PMID- 4024374
TI  - [That breast cancer was a metastasis...but where was the primary tumor?].

PMID- 4024376
TI  - [Apropos of nephromegaly in a child].

PMID- 4024375
TI  - [The crying infant, or infantile colic].

PMID- 4024377
TI  - Symposium on intraoperative consultation.

PMID- 4024378
TI  - The role of intraoperative consultation.
AB  - The urologist who has completed an approved residency training program and has
      been certified by the American Board of Urology is well prepared to meet the
      daily challenges presented by the practice of urologic surgery. In spite of this
      careful preparation, there are times in the operating room when intraoperative
      consultation is needed and will be of great help in managing the surgical problem
      encountered. Although intraoperative consultation is probably not used as often
      as it should be, it is the author's hope that the reader of this symposium will
      be a better consultant in the operating room when called and will also feel more
      comfortable about calling for help when it is needed.

PMID- 4024379
TI  - Intraoperative consultation for the kidney.
AB  - Unexpected renal masses, renal anomalies, and trauma to the kidneys or renal
      vessels discovered at exploratory laparotomy may prompt a surgeon to consult a
      urologist intraoperatively. The usual principles of urologic management apply in
      these cases, but the evaluation must be tailored to the intraoperative situation.
      Except in emergency cases, definitive treatment can be delayed safely until full
      urologic evaluation is possible.

PMID- 4024380
TI  - Intraoperative consultation for the bladder.
AB  - Iatrogenic bladder injury is a well-recognized complication of any pelvic
      operative procedure. When recognized and properly repaired at the time of injury,
      laceration of the bladder seldom leads to significant postoperative morbidity. In
      those rare instances in which bladder injury is unavoidable, the knowledge and
      application of proper surgical technique as well as appropriate intraoperative
      and postoperative management of the use of drains and catheters will minimize
      associated complications.

PMID- 4024381
TI  - Intraoperative consultation for the urethra.
AB  - The urologist is frequently summoned to the operating room to assist with
      urethral catheterization. This article presents the authors' method and
      techniques for dealing with the "impassible urethra." Oftentimes the patient has
      been traumatized. A sequential plan is presented that allows for maximal
      evaluation of the entire urinary tract along with eventual urethral
      catheterization. In the case of the disrupted urethra, diversion must be
      accomplished. The authors have found that the placement of a urethral catheter
      along with division of intact puboprostatic ligaments in the stable patient
      frequently limits the eventual morbidity of the trauma.

PMID- 4024382
TI  - Intraoperative consultation for surgery of the genitalia and genitourinary
      prostheses.
AB  - Patients with genitourinary prostheses, especially the hydraulic variety, will be
      encountered with increasing frequency in the future and present special problems
      to the urologist who is called in for intraoperative consultation. Knowledge of
      the design and operation of these devices, as well as certain operative
      principles unique to these prostheses, permits the urologist to deal effectively
      with these situations.

PMID- 4024383
TI  - Pediatric urologic intraoperative consultation.
AB  - As in adults, intraoperative consultations in children are not expected. If one
      has thought about possible situations in which consultations may occur, one may
      be prepared for the unusual event. Careful and thorough diagnosis will lead to
      correct conclusions, and we may then give appropriate consultation and fulfill a
      useful need to the operating surgeon and ultimately to the patient.

PMID- 4024384
TI  - Intraoperative consultation for the liver, biliary system, pancreas, duodenum,
      and spleen.
AB  - The urologist, when operating transabdominally, may unexpectedly encounter a
      cystic or solid mass in the liver, a dilated gallbladder or a gallbladder
      containing stones, or a mass in the pancreas, or may inadvertently injure the
      duodenum or spleen when mobilizing these organs for a nephrectomy or
      adrenalectomy. Discussed are some of these common liver, biliary, and pancreatic
      problems and their management, and the methods of management of duodenal and
      splenic injuries.

PMID- 4024385
TI  - Intraoperative consultation for the intestine.
AB  - There may be intestinal involvement during any procedure within the abdominal or
      pelvic cavity. Anticipation of this involvement with preoperative bowel
      preparation and a basic plan to meet the circumstances will minimize potential
      problems both in planned and unplanned situations. This article addresses the
      most common situations seen in urologic practice and describes the techniques to
      deal with them.

PMID- 4024386
TI  - Vascular problems in urologic patients.
AB  - Intraoperative vascular surgical consultation may be necessary if venous or
      arterial injury occurs during transabdominal urologic operations. Loss of blood
      usually can be controlled by simple digital compression until the consultant
      arrives, but urologists should be familiar with the principles of vascular
      reconstruction. Adequate exposure of the injured segment is essential, and the
      repair of major vessels must preserve patency as well as provide hemostasis. In
      this regard, patch angioplasty is sometimes necessary, and formal replacement
      with autogenous or prosthetic grafts may rarely be required. Blunt arterial
      trauma can precipitate distal arterial embolization, a complication that usually
      is not suspected until the immediate postoperative period. Although salvage
      should be managed by a vascular surgeon, urologists must be alert for the early
      signs of acute extremity ischemia after extensive retraction has been used deep
      in the pelvis, particularly in elderly or atherosclerotic patients. Considering
      the established diagnostic accuracy of roentgenographic studies presently
      employed in the fields of urology and vascular surgery, preoperative planning
      should limit the number of urgent intraoperative consultations between members of
      these two specialties. Each may have valuable advice to offer the other
      concerning the treatment of unusual problems involving obstructive uropathy,
      aortic aneurysms, and occlusive arterial disease, and their cooperative effort is
      especially important in the management of renal revascularization.

PMID- 4024387
TI  - The thoracic cavity, a troublesome neighbor. Intraoperative consultation by the
      thoracic surgeon.
AB  - There is usually little need for intraoperative collaboration between the
      thoracic surgeon and his urologic colleague. However, situations occasionally
      arise in the urologist's operating room that require consultation with a thoracic
      surgeon or the use of thoracic surgical techniques. These techniques may be
      required during intrathoracic complications of common anesthetic procedures, or
      when renal pathology is extensive and demands cooperation between the
      specialties. The propensity of renal-cell carcinoma to extend via the renal vein
      into the inferior vena cava and right atrium may, on occasion, require direct
      surgical cooperation between the cardiac and urologic surgeon to remove safely
      large tumors that extend into and perhaps adhere to the right atrium.

PMID- 4024388
TI  - Pediatric surgical intraoperative consultations.
AB  - Six problems that have surgical implications and that may be encountered
      unexpectedly during urologic procedures in infants and children are discussed.
      Evolving practice and increased knowledge about these conditions require that the
      consultant's opinion regarding their management be updated. Discussed are the
      indications for concomitant appendectomy in young patients and the pros and cons
      regarding removal of a Meckel's diverticulum encountered unexpectedly. The
      necessity for and techniques used to preserve the spleen in the face of operative
      injury, presence of a splenic cyst, or a wandering spleen are discussed. Finally,
      the implications of finding a rotational abnormality of the gut are reviewed.

PMID- 4024389
TI  - Intraoperative consultation for gynecologic disorders.
AB  - A careful history and pelvic examination will allow a more meaningful and
      thorough preoperative evaluation. It will also greatly reduce the need for
      subsequent intraoperative consultation for unexpected gynecologic disorders.
      Medicolegal disasters resulting from unconsented castration or loss of
      reproductive function may be avoided as well. When unpredictable circumstances
      are encountered, the urologist should be able to recognize them and know when
      further expertise is required. In most situations an exact diagnosis can usually
      be established without sacrificing reproductive or endocrinologic function.
      Although definitive therapy may need to be delayed and further surgery performed,
      this is more acceptable in the face of life-threatening disease than the
      consequences of unnecessary gynecologic surgery or debilitation.

PMID- 4024390
TI  - Intraoperative anesthetic consultation.
AB  - This article deals with consultation between anesthesiologists and urologic
      surgeons. Some of the subjects discussed represent problems that occur commonly,
      such as cardiac arrhythmias and intraoperative hypertension. Other subjects,
      though representing less common problems, have much more serious consequences and
      thus should be brought to the attention of surgeons. This latter group includes
      malignant hyperthermia, hyponatremia during transurethral prostatic resection,
      and cardiac arrest.

PMID- 4024391
TI  - Operating room consultation by the pathologist.
AB  - Intraoperative consultation by the pathologist should ensure that adequate
      diagnostic tissue has been obtained, should facilitate the proper handling of
      tissue, and should provide accurate, prompt histopathologic diagnosis by frozen
      section technique. This article discusses the pathologist's role in diseases of
      the urinary tract, male genital organs, adrenal gland and retroperitoneum.

PMID- 4024392
TI  - Legal implications of intraoperative consultation.
AB  - As medicine evolves, not only the complexity of its technology but the complexity
      of the legal relationships between its practitioners increases. The legal
      doctrines and principles involved in this area are not themselves new. However,
      the myriad relationships between the players in this setting give rise to some of
      the most interesting factual and analytical questions in the law. With a sanguine
      outlook, it is to be hoped that the law's determination of responsibility and
      liability in this complicated area will be fair, rational, and constructive.

PMID- 4024393
TI  - Preliminary results on the use of the humoral immune response as a serum marker
      in patients with bladder tumors.
AB  - An immunoassay using a human bladder tumor tissue culture cell line (J-82) as
      antigen and a modified avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) method were used to examine
      human serum samples. Optical density (OD) of 26 serum samples obtained from 19
      patients with bladder tumors had a mean OD of 458 +/- 71 SD (328-570). This is
      significantly higher (p less than 0.0005) when compared to the mean OD of 172 +/-
      49 SD (107-301) found in serum samples from 28 patients with tumors other than
      bladder cancer and to the mean OD of 207 +/- 48 SD (136-310) of serum samples
      from 25 healthy donors. Thirty-one serum samples from 21 patients who had a
      bladder tumor surgically removed 1 to 36 months before were, with 2 exceptions,
      also higher than 320 (mean 412 [248-550]). All serum samples of patients with
      presence of a bladder tumor above the cut-off point of 320 and those from the 2
      control groups below it shows, thus far, a high sensitivity as well as
      specificity of the method used and encourages further assessment of its potential
      usefulness as a serum marker assay in patients with bladder cancer.

PMID- 4024394
TI  - Serum half life of prostatic acid phosphatase.
AB  - Traumatic manipulation of the prostate can cause elevated prostatic acid
      phosphatase (PAP) values. To avoid falsely elevated PAP values after prostatic
      trauma we studied the serum half life of PAP and the time taken to return to
      preoperative levels in patients undergoing transurethral resection (TUR-P).
      Although we observed a broad variation in peak PAP values the half life of PAP is
      fairly constant at about 1.1-2.6 h. Preoperative values were reached within 30 h.
      We conclude that PAP determinations can safely be carried out 30 h after
      prostatic trauma without any risk of falsely elevated PAP values.

PMID- 4024395
TI  - Simultaneous determination of six tumor markers in patients with prostatic
      carcinoma and bladder tumors.
AB  - Serum levels of fucosyltransferase (FT), phosphohexoseisomerase (PHI), tissue
      polypeptide antigen (TPA), Tennessee antigen (TAG), carcinoembryonic antigen
      (CEA) and prostatic acid phosphate (PAP) were determined in 75 healthy
      individuals and in 86 patients with prostatic carcinoma and 38 patients with
      bladder tumors. The discrimination capacities of the different markers were
      compared by using inverse distribution plots. At a rate of 5% false positive
      values the sensitivities for bladder tumors were: FT 30%, TPA 24%, CEA 16%, TAG
      15%. The sensitivities for prostatic carcinoma were: PAP 63%, PHI 36%, TPA 18%,
      CEA 14%, TAG 14%.

PMID- 4024396
TI  - Value of cystourethroscopy in the assessment of children with recurrent urinary
      tract infections and/or enuresis.
AB  - Forty-one children ages 6-14 years consecutively referred for recurrent urinary
      tract infections (RUTI) and/or enuresis constituted the study group.
      Cystourethroscopy (CUS) was carried out in 40 children and pathologic findings
      were revealed in 70% of children with RUTI in the absence of vesico-ureteral
      reflux (VUR). However, only in 4 patients did CUS influence treatment. Based on
      these data we conclude that routine CUS is not justified in the evaluation of
      this group of children unless anatomical infravesical lesions are suspected. VUR
      was proven in 44% of children with RUTI. In 86% of these ureters abnormal
      ureteric orifices were demonstrated. We therefore find CUS to be valuable in the
      assessment of children with both RUTI and VUR, because this examination is
      helpful in selecting patients who might need operation for severe VUR. CUS was
      not of therapeutic benefit to children with enuresis. Five patients with
      macroscopic haematuria during urinary tract infection were not managed
      differently following CUS.

PMID- 4024397
TI  - The screening of more than 2,000 schoolgirls for bacteriuria using an automated
      fluorescence microscopy system.
AB  - After initial evaluation of a manual fluorescence microscopy system on a variety
      of urines the method was automated and subsequently tested in a population survey
      of urinary tract infection in schoolgirls. This automated Bactoscan system
      allowed a rapid analysis of urine samples and with the introduction of
      modifications to the staining protocol it correctly eliminated 91% of samples as
      being not significantly infected.

PMID- 4024398
TI  - A survey of bacteriuria in 2,234 schoolgirls in a Scottish new town.
AB  - The prevalence of urinary tract infection in a modern Scottish town has been
      ascertained in female school children aged 5-12. In 2,234 girls the initial
      prevalence of urinary tract infection is 3.3%. In addition to the information on
      urinary tract infection the social and personal history was available including
      data on incontinence, enuresis and current antibiotic therapy. The necessity to
      have a system available which allows a cheap and rapid assessment of population
      surveys is made.

PMID- 4024399
TI  - Pelvic lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of prostate.
AB  - Pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 187 patients as a staging procedure for
      carcinoma of the prostate. Clinical impression of lymph nodes during dissection
      appears to be inaccurate in a large number of patients. We therefore believe that
      if radical surgery is planned for clinically localized tumor, the histologic
      status of the removed nodes should be confirmed before surgical extirpation of
      the tumor.

PMID- 4024400
TI  - On percutaneous drainage of retroperitoneal collections: when is primary surgical
      drainage preferable?
AB  - Percutaneous drainage of retroperitoneal collections is a method employed with an
      ever-increasing frequency. The indication for primary surgical drainage of these
      collections is rapidly decreasing. Herein we describe what we consider to be the
      indications for primary surgical drainage of retroperitoneal collections
      illustrated by the recurrence of the abscess in 3 of our patients following
      adequate primary percutaneous drainage.

PMID- 4024401
TI  - Pyelovesicostomy: an alternative to ureteropelvic junction-plasty in pelvic
      ectopic kidneys.
AB  - Pyelovesicostomy was performed in 2 cases of hydronephrosis in pelvic kidneys
      secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. In the first patient, who
      presented with a solitary kidney, the procedure was done after failure of a
      dismembered pyeloplasty, while in the second patient the procedure was performed
      electively. Both patients had sterile urines and stable renal function, although
      some dilatation persisted in the first case. The indications and the functional
      aspects of this surgical solution are discussed.

PMID- 4024402
TI  - Dissolution of uric acid calculi with intravenous 1/6 molar lactate.
AB  - The use of intravenous 1/6 molar sodium lactate for dissolution of uric acid
      calculi is reported in 4 patients. All presented with a urine pH of 5. The
      calculi were located in the proximal ureter in 2 patients and in the renal pelvis
      in the other 2 patients. After infusion of 1/6 molar lactate, rapid
      alkalinization of the urine to pH 8 was achieved and maintained. The mean time
      required for dissolution of the calculi was 6.2 days precluding the need for
      surgical intervention. The mechanism of action of lactate is oxidative conversion
      to bicarbonate, providing a sustained alkaline urine. While our patients
      experienced no metabolic complications, one should monitor serum electrolytes,
      blood pressure, and fluid balance, particularly in cardiac-compromised patients.

PMID- 4024404
TI  - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. With emphasis on large renal stones.
AB  - With utilization of safety guide wire, dilator (up to 36F), and Mazzariello
      Caprini forceps, percutaneous removal of renal stone was successfully performed
      in 18 cases, including 5 cases with staghorn calculus, although parts of the
      staghorn calculus were left in 4 cases. Attempts at stone extraction were
      performed on the day nephrostomy was made. All of the renal stones excluding
      staghorn calculi were removed without disruption followed by satisfactory
      postoperative renal function. Unexpectedly Kocher forceps was found to be a
      useful and relatively safe instrument for quick fragmentation and removal of
      staghorn calculi.

PMID- 4024403
TI  - Erectile dysfunction in diabetes and hypertension.
AB  - By direct interrogation and specific questions, the erectile function of 1,128
      male adults, aged sixteen to eighty years and over, was elicited. The erectile
      function was based on ability to develop an erectile angle of 90 degrees and
      more, and this was used for classification purposes. Three hundred seventeen
      consecutive, unselected male diabetics and 117 nondiabetic male hypertensives
      were compared with 635 consecutive adult males with neither diabetes nor
      hypertension. Our results indicate that erectile dysfunction, partial or
      complete, is more prevalent in diabetics compared with nondiabetics of the same
      age groups. An unexpected finding was a meager relationship between hypertension
      and erectile disability. Antihypertensive drugs were responsible for only 2 cases
      of erectile dysfunction in our male hypertensive patients. The negative impact of
      age was noted in all age groups and in those with or without diabetes or
      hypertension.

PMID- 4024405
TI  - Complete penoscrotal transposition.
AB  - A patient with complete penoscrotal transposition is described. We believe this
      represents the first such case associated with a chromosomal anomaly. A review of
      the literature is given.

PMID- 4024406
TI  - Preservation of periprostatic autonomic nerves during total perineal
      prostatectomy by intrafascial dissection.
AB  - A modification of Young's total perineal prostatectomy technique is described to
      prevent damage to the apical branches of the cavernous nerves. Based on anatomic
      relationships between investing prostatic fascial layers and the neurovascular
      bundle, emphasis is placed on division of the apical prostatic urethra between
      the anterolateral endopelvic fascia and Denonvilliers fascia (intrafascial
      dissection) in avoidance of the apical nerves. Vertical incision in the fused
      distal portion of Denonvilliers fascia is necessary to make this dissection
      atraumatic regarding the adjacent paraprostatic neurovascular bundle. Clinical
      application of this completely intrafascial prostatic dissection is exemplified.
      It is concluded that careful modification of Young's technique of total perineal
      prostatectomy may result in increased postoperative potency rates.

PMID- 4024407
TI  - Idiopathic segmental renal infarction.

PMID- 4024408
TI  - Eosinophilic cystitis.

PMID- 4024409
TI  - Congenital midureteral strictures.
AB  - A case is reported of a fifteen-year-old female with left midureteral congenital
      stricture and a contralateral single blind-ending ureter with a small atrophic
      right kidney. The possible etiology is presented.

PMID- 4024410
TI  - Kaposi sarcoma limited to glans penis.
AB  - Two cases of Kaposi sarcoma are presented. In each case the lesion had a bluish
      discoloration and was painless. Excision of lesions with wider margins was
      adequate therapy.

PMID- 4024411
TI  - Condyloma acuminatum in children.
AB  - A case of extensive venereal warts in a nine-year-old female patient is
      presented. Transmission, pathology, and therapy are discussed.

PMID- 4024412
TI  - Percutaneous placement of suprapubic cystostomy tube.

PMID- 4024413
TI  - Saha Bladder Neck Spreader.

PMID- 4024414
TI  - Removal of internal ureteral stent under fluoroscopic guidance.

PMID- 4024415
TI  - Malignant Sertoli cell tumor of testicle.
AB  - The eleventh case of malignant Sertoli cell tumor of the testicle is described.
      The tumor displayed malignant character with local invasion into the epididymis.
      Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection revealed a malignant deposit around the
      left renal artery.

PMID- 4024416
TI  - Case profile: spontaneous retrograde extravasation of kidneys following
      retrograde cystography.

PMID- 4024417
TI  - Relative role of abdominal pelvic CT and lymphangiography in staging of
      testicular seminoma.
AB  - Sixty patients with testicular seminoma were reviewed regarding the evaluation of
      the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Thirty-four of these patients had both abdominal
      pelvic computerized tomography (APCT) scan and bipedal lymphangiography (LAG). In
      21 patients, the results of the two studies were in agreement. However, 11
      patients had positive LAG and negative APCT, while only 2 had a positive APCT and
      negative LAG. We recommend that patients with testicular seminoma have an APCT.
      If findings are negative, LAG should be done.

PMID- 4024418
TI  - Urologic complications after surgery on lumbosacral spine.
AB  - Forty-five of 74 patients (60%) postsurgery for disk disease showed findings of
      neurogenic bladders. Sixty-nine of these patients had no complaints before
      surgery and presented with complaints only after surgery. We believe this is a
      high surgical morbidity, and all patients should have a presurgical urodynamic
      diagnostic evaluation to aid in selection of patients in whom surgery will be
      most helpful and to establish a presurgical baseline for further postsurgical
      urodynamic comparison.

PMID- 4024419
TI  - Pathogenicity of Isospora suis in gnotobiotic and conventionalised piglets.
AB  - Isospora suis is unequivocally a primary pathogen of swine. Inoculation of I suis
      in conventionalised and germ-free piglets caused a biphasic disease course with
      marked diarrhoea, villous atrophy and necrosis of the intestinal epithelium at
      four to six and eight to 10 days after inoculation. The presence of a normal
      bacterial flora markedly (P less than 0.05) influenced the survival rate of
      piglets but did not appear to affect the histopathological changes observed. Mild
      limited focal necrosis and bile stasis were present in the liver at eight to 10
      days after inoculation. In this period there was also ectasia of lymph vessels in
      the intestinal lymph nodes.

PMID- 4024421
TI  - Eosinophilic leukaemia in the cat: a case report.

PMID- 4024420
TI  - Effect of flucythrinate impregnated ear tags on fly attack in cattle.

PMID- 4024422
TI  - Survey of fungal isolates from alopecic and asymptomatic dogs.

PMID- 4024423
TI  - Selenium poisoning in lambs.

PMID- 4024424
TI  - Acquired diaphragmatic hernia in a stallion.

PMID- 4024425
TI  - Tetanus in a cat.

PMID- 4024426
TI  - Visually evoked responses during slaughter.

PMID- 4024427
TI  - Prostaglandins warning.

PMID- 4024429
TI  - Sir William Weipers lecture. The price of freedom.

PMID- 4024428
TI  - A new transmissible agent causing acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and
      cirrhosis in dogs.
AB  - There is a hepatitis of dogs which occurs in acute, persistent and chronic forms.
      Histological studies of spontaneous cases suggested that several apparently
      diverse hepatic diseases might be stages of one process. This was also implied by
      follow up studies and case histories: acute non-lethal episodes were followed
      later by the development of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver failure. Serum
      was taken and homogenates of liver were made from three field cases representing
      different putative temporal stages of the complex. These were injected into
      experimental dogs and a hepatitis was induced in all. The cytopathological and
      histological changes were the same in all animals and were identical to field
      cases. Acute lethal disease and persistent infections were produced. Two second
      passages were carried out and an identical condition was induced, characterised
      by recurrent episodes of subclinical hepatitis and persistent infection. It is
      suggested that the disease might be named canine acidophil cell hepatitis in view
      of the pathognomonic cytopathology. Specific morphological criteria have been
      established for this hepatitis.

PMID- 4024430
TI  - Feeding bovine colostrum to lambs.

PMID- 4024431
TI  - Suspected selenium poisoning in lambs.

PMID- 4024432
TI  - Case of quadrilateral flexural contracture in a 10-year-old pony.
AB  - The management of a case of quadrilateral flexural contracture in a 10-year-old
      pony is described. The animal was restored to normal appearance and function
      through a combination of surgical desmotomy and management techniques; the
      importance of analgesia and exercise as adjuncts to surgery is emphasised. The
      aetiology and pathogenesis of the condition in the immature animal and the adult
      is compared and a possible association is made between this condition and palmar
      fibromatosis (Dupuytren's contracture) occurring in man.

PMID- 4024433
TI  - Apparent reinfection of enzootic-pneumonia-free pig herds: search for possible
      causes.
AB  - In a control scheme for enzootic-pneumonia-free herds, run by the Pig Health
      Control Association, a detailed study was made of 55 herds that developed
      enzootic pneumonia without a simple explanation. These herds were compared with
      57 herds that were still free from enzootic pneumonia in mid-1984. A high
      standard of precautions against the risk of infection being transferred by people
      and fomites seemed to confer no obvious benefit. This observation was in keeping
      with in vitro studies which showed that, although Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae could
      survive for a long time in favourable liquid medium, it could not be recovered
      from material such as cloth, once the culture had become dry. Under field
      conditions, the organism would probably cease to be infective within 48 hours.
      The organism survived particularly well in rain water at lower temperatures,
      however, and transmission via moist cold air seemed a possibility. There was a
      tendency for breakdowns to start in the autumn and winter, particularly in highly
      secure units, and several farmers associated colder misty conditions with the
      arrival of infection. One herd was probably infected by an imported boar and the
      very close proximity of foreign pigs, such as in slaughterhouse transport, seemed
      the most likely explanation in 15 other herds. One herd was replaced without this
      danger being attended to and it soon broke down again, whereas the three herds in
      this category that have survived after replacement all had this risk eliminated.
      Data was available on 37 of the 39 remaining herds to compare them with the 57
      surviving herds, using a risk index based on the proximity of other pig
      units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4024434
TI  - Association between urinary incontinence and spaying in bitches.

PMID- 4024435
TI  - Bovine parvovirus.

PMID- 4024436
TI  - Urethral obstruction in a cow.

PMID- 4024437
TI  - Venous administration of hypertonic fluids.

PMID- 4024438
TI  - Hedgehog information.

PMID- 4024439
TI  - Lameness following mating.

PMID- 4024440
TI  - Maggot control.

PMID- 4024441
TI  - Tetanus in a cat.

PMID- 4024442
TI  - Hereditary cataract in the standard poodle.

PMID- 4024443
TI  - Selective funding and the future of the veterinary profession.

PMID- 4024444
TI  - Parvovirus vaccination.

PMID- 4024445
TI  - Filaroides hirthi in a British bred beagle dog.
AB  - Filaroides hirthi was identified in large numbers in the lungs of a British bred
      beagle dog that had received 10 monthly intra-articular injections of a
      corticosteroid. The dog was terminally hyperpnoeic and eosinophil and
      reticulocyte counts were raised. At autopsy, the lungs failed to collapse and
      minute black and red foci were found throughout the lung parenchyma. These foci
      were identified histologically as parasites and focal haemorrhage. Migrating
      larvae were found in the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes. F hirthi has not
      previously been definitively identified in British dogs and the principal
      features of its identification and control are discussed.

PMID- 4024446
TI  - Toxicity and interaction of topical organophosphate insecticide
      dichlorvoscrotoxyphos and phenothiazine anthelmintic in sheep previously exposed
      to both drugs.
AB  - Toxicity and interaction of topical application of dichlorvoscrotoxyphos (D-C)
      insecticide and phenothiazine anthelmintic (PTZ) given in the diet were studied
      in 4 groups of 4-5 lambs each that had had prior drug exposure. In a study
      reported previously each lamb in groups 1 and 2 was sprayed with 3 biweekly
      topical applications of 1550 ml of 0.25% D-C emulsion. Groups 1 and 3 were
      treated with PTZ (12.5 g/sheep initially and 4 days later with 6.25 g every 3
      days for 9 treatments). Group 4 was the control. Following termination of that
      study the animals were given a 30-day nonmedicated period and reused in the
      present study as described below. Each lamb in group 1 and 3 was challenged with
      PTZ given in the diet (1g/sheep/day for 3 days). On the third day of PTZ
      administration, each lamb in group 1 and 2 was sprayed with 1 gallon of 0.25% D-C
      emulsion. The 4th group served as a control. Following D-C spray, clinical signs
      of toxicosis were seen within 17 min in 56% of the exposed lambs regardless of
      concurrent PTZ treatment. The erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EACE) activities
      of the D-C exposed groups were significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed on post
      treatment days (PTD) 1 and 3 regardless of the PTZ treatment. The base-line EACE
      values were reestablished on PTD 18. The PTZ alone was not toxic and did not
      inhibit EACE activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4024447
TI  - Protective effect of activated charcoal in cattle poisoned with atrazine.
AB  - Six heifers were poisoned with a lethal dose of atrazine. Three animals were
      treated daily for 4 days with activated charcoal. The untreated animals died
      within 3 days, whereas the treated animals survived the 14-day observation
      period. Hematology, blood chemistry and pathology findings are reported.

PMID- 4024448
TI  - The future of toxicology.

PMID- 4024449
TI  - Cell-mediated immune response to rabies virus in dogs following vaccination and
      challenge.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from non-vaccinated dogs and from dogs either
      vaccinated intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously (SC) with an inactivated rabies
      virus vaccine (Rabguard-TC, Norden Laboratories, Lincoln, NE) or intramuscularly
      with an attenuated rabies virus vaccine (Endurall-R, Norden Laboratories,
      Lincoln, NE) were exposed in vitro to rabies virus. Blastogenesis of PBL was
      measured by incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the DNA of proliferating cells in
      the presence of a suboptimal concentration of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Following
      the first vaccination, there was no difference in the blastogenic response of
      lymphocytes from dogs vaccinated IM with either the inactivated or attenuated
      rabies virus vaccines. The inactivated rabies vaccine stimulated as great or
      greater blastogenic response when it was given SC. The PBL from non-vaccinated
      control dogs were not stimulated by rabies virus. Dogs vaccinated with the
      inactivated vaccine developed a lymphocyte blastogenic response to rabies virus
      following challenge with virulent street rabies virus. Nonvaccinated control dogs
      did not develop a lymphocyte blastogenic response to rabies virus following
      challenge with virulent street rabies virus.

PMID- 4024450
TI  - A comparative study of complement activation.
AB  - Antisera to sheep erythrocytes (E) were raised in cattle, rabbits, mice,
      hamsters, guinea-pigs, ferrets, badgers, hedgehogs and fowls. Cross activation of
      total haemolytic complement (THCA) examined all combinations of sensitized sheep
      E and normal sera (including human); kinetic assays examined the lysis of E
      sensitized with rabbit antibodies. From the same species, all combinations of
      normal serum and xenogeneic E were used to measure total alternative pathway
      activity (TAPA); TAPA was also activated by rabbit and sheep E in titrations and
      in agarose gels, and examined kinetically against rabbit E. Ox, rabbit and fowl
      sera were low in THCA, guinea-pig complement was universally active, while human
      complement showed marked selectivity; ferret, badger and hedgehog sera were
      activated to high titres but probably via the alternative pathway. In studies of
      TAPA an inverse relationship existed between serum complement activities and the
      activating abilities of E from the same species. The most efficient activators of
      alternative pathway were E from rabbits and laboratory rodents, while the sera
      with broadest response were badger, ferret and fowl. Kinetic studies of TAPA
      showed that initiation of lysis and subsequent completion of lysis could occur
      with different efficiencies, suggesting these events reflected separate events in
      complement activation.

PMID- 4024451
TI  - Equine alternative pathway activation by unsensitized rabbit red blood cells.
AB  - The equine alternative complement pathway has been partially characterized and
      compared to the equine classical activation pathway. A dose-dependent lysis of
      RbRBC was observed with peak lytic values noted within 10 minutes at 37 degrees C
      when rabbit red blood cells (RbRBC) were used as an alternative pathway
      activator. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) sensitized with rabbit hemolysin or
      partially purified equine IgM antibodies were equally sensitive to lysis.
      Dilution of the commercial hemolysin by 1/5 reduced lysis from 90% to 38% in the
      presence of constant cell numbers. Hemolysis of SRBC peaked at 10 minutes and the
      majority of lysis occurred within 10 minutes. Dilution of equine sera by as
      little as 1/5 decreased hemolytic activity for SRBC to 21.5% from greater than
      90% with undiluted sera. The alternative pathway protein, equine factor B, was
      tested using RbRBC and monitored by its differential susceptibility to heat
      treatment at 50 degrees C. This treatment led to almost complete inactivation
      after a 15-minute incubation. An apparent heat-dependent decay of certain
      classical pathway components was also observed after 50 degrees C treatment. This
      sensitivity was indicated by a reduction in the lytic activity for sensitized
      SRBC. Treatment for 15 minutes at 56 degrees C with either RbRBC or SRBC was
      sufficient to abolish hemolytic activity in all equine sera tested. Chelation of
      cations with 0.04 M EDTA blocked expression of alternative and classical pathway
      activation; however, chelation of Ca++ ions with 10 mM EGTA containing 1 mM Mg++
      ions permitted lysis of the RbRBC but not the SRBC. A dose-related Mg++-ion
      dependence for RbRBC hemolytic activity was observed as the concentration of Mg++
      was increased to 1.0 mM. In addition, our results obtained with pre-colostral
      foal serum strongly suggest that natural antibody to RbRBC was of little
      importance in the lysis observed with these cells. These results also show that
      the equine alternative pathway activation may require Ca++ ions. If Ca++ ions are
      required, the equine alternative pathway is quite different from any other
      mammalian complement system so far described. Our results suggest that the
      alternative pathway of activation is of major importance in the equine complement
      system. Confirmation of this hypothesis requires both purification of the
      components involved as well as further characterization.

PMID- 4024452
TI  - RNA sequence and transcriptional properties of the 3' end of the Newcastle
      disease virus genome.
AB  - The 3' end of the genomic RNA of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been sequenced
      and the leader RNA defined. Using hybridization to a 3'-end-labeled genome,
      leader RNA species from in vitro transcription reactions and from infected cell
      extracts were found to be 47 and 53 nucleotides long. In addition, the start site
      of the 3'-proximal mRNA was determined by sequence analysis of in vitro [beta
      82P]GTP-labeled transcription products. The genomic sequence extending beyond the
      leader region demonstrated an open reading frame for at least 42 amino acids and
      probably represents the amino terminus of the nucleocapsid protein (NP). The
      terminal 8 nucleotides of the NDV genome were identical to those of measles virus
      and Sendai virus while the sequence of the distal half of the leader region was
      more similar to that of vesicular stomatitis virus. These data argue for strong
      evolutionary relatedness between the paramyxovirus and rhabdovirus groups.

PMID- 4024453
TI  - The site of commencement of retinal maturation in the rabbit.
AB  - In the developing retina of the rabbit the ganglion cell layer can first be
      identified between E(embryonic day) 20 and 24, but the regional variations found
      in the adult retina, particularly the visual streak, are not well developed until
      shortly before birth. At about E31, the last day of gestation, the laminar
      structure of the retina begins to mature, cytogenesis begins to cease and the
      outer plexiform layer starts to form. These processes commence in far temporal
      retina, at or near the site of the area centralis, and spread preferentially
      along the visual streak.

PMID- 4024454
TI  - Morphological correlates of Y, X and W type ganglion cells in the cat's retina.
AB  - After physiological recordings with microelectrodes containing horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP), morphological properties of Y, X and W type ganglion cells were
      studied on flat-mounted cat's retinas. While all the Y cells (N = 9) and the X
      cells (N = 8) revealed alpha and beta cell morphologies of Boycott and Wassle [J.
      Physiol. 240, 397-419 (1974)], respectively, W cells (N = 4) revealed various
      morphological types including their gamma and delta cells. The Y cells were
      larger than X cells in soma diameter, but the W cells were of the same range as X
      cells. Electron microscopic observations of the cross-sectioned nerve fiber
      bundles provided evidence for the segregation of axon diameters into the three
      groups corresponding to Y, X and W axons. It was discussed that functional
      trichotomy of retinal ganglion cells is related to the differentiation more in
      axon diameter rather than in soma size.

PMID- 4024455
TI  - Projection of morphologically identified superior colliculus neurons to the
      lateral posterior nucleus in the cat.
AB  - Using the intracellular recording and staining techniques we studied types of
      superior colliculus cells which project to the ipsilateral nucleus lateralis
      posterior (LP) and the nature of retinal afferent inputs to them. Five
      morphologically identified colliculus cells were antidromically driven by
      stimulation of the tectorecipient zone of the LP. The nature of retinal afferent
      inputs to these cells was determined by measuring conduction velocity between the
      optic chiasm and the optic tract. Four of the five, innervated by W-retinal
      ganglion cells, were narrow-field vertical and wide-field vertical cells, located
      in the upper and lower parts of the superficial gray layer. The remaining one,
      innervated by Y-fibers, was a large narrow-field vertical cell, located in the
      lower part of the same layer.

PMID- 4024456
TI  - Ascending, descending and local control of neuronal activity in the rat lateral
      geniculate nucleus.
AB  - Mechanisms of control for activities of relay neurons (P-cells) in the rat dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) are surveyed with special reference to
      ascending projection arising from the locus coeruleus (LC), the local projection
      from the visual portion of the thalamic reticular nucleus (vTRN) and the
      descending projection from the visual cortex (VC). Noradrenaline released from
      terminals of LC neurons exerts a facilitatory influence on P-cell activity via
      alpha-receptors. A recurrent projection of vTRN neurons on P-cells is inhibitory,
      utilizing GABA as a transmitter. P-cells receive an excitatory input from
      corticothalamic neurons of VC. However, in many P-cells the corticofugal
      excitation is counterbalanced by inhibition arising in vTRN neurons which are
      invariably exited by the collateral branches of the corticogeniculate axons.
      Thus, LGNd is not a simple relay station, but various modifications of visual
      information are made in this nucleus.

PMID- 4024457
TI  - Organization of geniculate inputs to visual cortical cells in the cat.
AB  - Neuronal connectivity between a geniculate cell and a striate cortical cell was
      examined by cross-correlograms between their impulse activities. Delayed positive
      correlations were found in 82 pairs, and the onset delay of the positivity was
      short enough in 65 pairs to infer that the geniculate cell monosynaptically
      excited the cortical cell. These monosynaptic excitations were found in both
      simple and complex cells. By determining connectivity of a cortical cell with
      multiple geniculate cells, the convergence of X and Y geniculate cells and that
      of on-center and off-center geniculate cells was demonstrated in several striate
      cells.

PMID- 4024458
TI  - GABAergic inhibition and orientation selectivity of neurons in the kitten visual
      cortex at the time of eye opening.
AB  - Effects of iontophoretic application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its
      antagonist, N-methyl-bicuculline (BIC), on visual responses of striate cortical
      neurons were studied in kittens 6-13 days old. Visually responsive cells were
      classified into three groups, i.e. orientation-selective, orientation-bias and
      nonoriented cells. In almost all of the orientation-selective cells, their
      responses were completely suppressed by GABA while the majority of the others
      were not significantly or only weakly suppressed. An application of BIC abolished
      or reduced the selectivity of all the orientation-selective cells but did not
      affect any of the nonoriented cells tested. These results suggest that GABAergic
      inhibition already operates on a group of cortical neurons to make them
      orientation-selective at the time of eye opening, but such an action of GABA on
      other groups of neurons develops later.

PMID- 4024459
TI  - Responses of neurons in visual cortex (V1 and V2) of the alert macaque to dynamic
      random-dot stereograms.
AB  - A substantial proportion of both simple and complex neurons in the cortex
      subserving central vision are differentially sensitive to binocular disparity of
      isolated line patterns (local stereopsis), a sensitivity based on a positional
      disparity between the neuron's receptive fields in the two eyes. In addition, a
      subset of cortical neurons, nearly all complex neurons, responds to dynamic
      random-dot stereograms containing no depth cues other than disparity. These
      neurons are capable of signaling the correct binocular matches among a multitude
      of false matches in the stereograms (global stereopsis). The discovery of
      cyclopean neurons in striate cortex, at early stages of the processing neural
      network for stereoscopic vision provides a new insight of the basic neural
      mechanisms underlying binocular depth perception.

PMID- 4024460
TI  - Responsiveness of Clare-Bishop neurons to visual cues associated with motion of a
      visual stimulus in three-dimensional space.
AB  - Photic responsiveness of cells in the medial bank of the lateral suprasylvian
      cortex (Clare-Bishop area) was studied using a three-dimensional visual
      stimulator that reproduced two visual cues (motion disparity and change in size)
      for perception of three-dimensional motion of a visual stimulus. About one third
      of them (48/148) were selectively responsive to motion disparity corresponding to
      approaching (AP cells, n = 30) or recessive motion (RC cells, N = 18), another
      half to motion of retinal images in the same direction between the two eyes
      corresponding to fronto-parallel motion (FP cells, n = 75), and the remaining
      cells were rather equally responsive to these types of stimuli (NS cells, n =
      25). More than a half of the AP (19/30) or RC (11/18) cells were also responsive
      to increase or decrease in stimulus size, respectively, and they were optimally
      activated by a combination of the motion and size stimuli while relatively few FP
      and NS cells were sensitive to change in stimulus size. These findings indicate
      that the Clare-Bishop cells encode three-dimensional motion on the basis of
      photic responsiveness to the motion and size cues.

PMID- 4024461
TI  - Laminar segregation of color cells in the monkey's striate cortex.
AB  - In the monkey's striate cortex concentric cells with double opponent color
      properties were restricted to layers 4A and 4C beta; this cell type was also
      found in the lower half of 4C alpha but there it was always of the broad band
      class. Concentric cells of any type were absent from 4B. Simple cells were found
      in abundance in 4B and upper 4C alpha and were always broad band while those few
      found in 4A and 4C beta were usually double opponent color but sometimes were
      broad band. Color-sensitive complex and hypercomplex cells were found in the
      supragranular and infragranular layers (2, 3, 5 and 6). Double opponent
      concentric cells were occasionally seen in the supragranular layers but never in
      the infragranular laminae.

PMID- 4024462
TI  - Neuropsychological basis of pattern vision in macaque monkeys.
AB  - The central mechanisms of underlying pattern vision in macaques (rhesus and
      Japanese monkeys) were investigated behaviorally and electrophysiologically. A
      series of studies indicated that there are two major processes underlying pattern
      vision. One of two processes is the process of attending selectively to pattern
      cues at background, with which inferior parietal cortex is concerned
      predominantly. The other is the process of pattern perception and cognition, in
      which inferotemporal cortex is involved closely.

PMID- 4024463
TI  - Contour, color and shape analysis beyond the striate cortex.
AB  - The corticocortical pathway from striate cortex into the temporal lobe plays a
      crucial role in the visual recognition of objects. Anatomical studies indicate
      that this pathway is mainly organized as a serial hierarchy of multiple visual
      areas, including V1, V2, V3, V4, and inferior temporal cortex (IT). As expected
      from the anatomy, we have found that neurons in V4 and IT, like those in V1 and
      V2, are sensitive to many kinds of information relevant to object recognition. In
      the spatial domain, many V4 cells exhibit length, width, orientation, direction
      of motion and spatial frequency selectivity. In the spectral domain, many V4
      cells are also tuned to wavelength. Thus, V4 is not specialized to analyze one
      particular attribute of a visual stimulus; rather, V4 appears to process both
      spatial and spectral information in parallel. A special contribution of V4
      neurons to visual processing may lie in specific spatial and spectral
      interactions between their small excitatory receptive fields and large silent
      suppressive surrounds. Thus, although the excitatory receptive fields of V4
      neurons are small, the responses of V4 neurons are influenced by stimuli
      throughout a much larger portion of the visual field. In IT, neurons also appear
      to process both spatial and spectral information throughout a large portion of
      the visual field. However, unlike V4 neurons, the excitatory receptive fields of
      IT neurons are very large. Many IT neurons, for example, are selective for the
      overall shape, color, or texture of a stimulus, anywhere within the central
      visual field. Together, these results suggest that within the areas of the
      occipito-temporal pathway, many different stimulus qualities are processed in
      parallel, but the type of analysis may become more global at each stage of
      processing.

PMID- 4024464
TI  - Neural mechanisms of space vision in the parietal association cortex of the
      monkey.
AB  - Functional properties of visual and eye-movement-related neurons of area 7a were
      studied in alert behaving monkeys. Visual fixation (VF) neurons had selectivity
      in the direction and/or distance of gaze, signaling the spatial position. Visual
      tracking (VT) neurons had selectivity in the direction of movement, signaling the
      movement in space. Many passive visual (PV) neurons were suppressed during eye
      movement, discriminating real from "self-induced" movement. A group of PV neurons
      sensitive to the depth movement responded to the changing image size. A group of
      neurons sensitive to the rotation of visual stimulus in space were also found in
      area 7a.

PMID- 4024465
TI  - Distribution and organization of visual and auditory neurons in the monkey
      prefrontal cortex.
AB  - The neurons with visual properties were found to be distributed widely in the
      dorsolateral area of the monkey prefrontal cortex. The visual neurons located in
      the lateral part of the cortical area represented the central region of the
      contralateral visual field, while the neurons in the medial part the periphery of
      the visual field. The medial cortical part also contained auditory neurons which
      responded maximally to a sound whose angle of incidence was lateral or
      posterolateral to the animal's head (peripheral region of the environmental
      space). The observations indicate that the prefrontal visual and auditory neurons
      of one hemisphere function together to obtain an information of the contralateral
      space around the animal.

PMID- 4024466
TI  - Cerebral cortical activity associated with the orientation of visual attention in
      the rhesus monkey.
AB  - Attentional mechanisms in the posterior parietal cortex and the frontal eye
      fields have been studied in the rhesus monkey. In each of these areas single
      neurons discharge in response to visual stimuli and the discharge is enhanced
      when the monkey makes a saccade to the stimulus. In the posterior parietal cortex
      this enhancement also occurs whenever the monkey attends to the target,
      regardless of the movement or nonmovement that the monkey might make. Conversely,
      neurons in the frontal eye fields give enhanced responses only before saccades,
      and some discharge before purposive saccades made to remembered targets, with no
      overt current visual guidance. Some cells in the frontal eye fields also
      anticipate the onset of predictable saccades.

PMID- 4024467
TI  - On the detection of Gabor signals and discrimination of Gabor textures.
AB  - We have explored the detection and discrimination of Gabor signals in two
      different paradigms in order to determine the signals' relative importance for
      spatial vision. In the first experiment we determined the "detection efficiency"
      of five such signals presented in isolation, and our results support the
      conclusion that, for optimal detection, the Gaussian profile should only span (to
      1/e decay values) approximately two cycles. In three subsequent experiments we
      have observed the discriminability of textures composed of such signals over a
      range of spatial frequencies, Gaussian windows and orientation differences. Our
      results are consistent with the detection data only insofar as the discrimination
      thresholds vary in a predictable way with the Gaussian window parameters.
      Finally, we have determined the degree to which texture discrimination, in terms
      of differences in both orientation and spatial frequency, can be predicted from
      the independent manipulations of both codes within a given Gaussian window size.

PMID- 4024468
TI  - A motion aftereffect from an isoluminant stimulus.
AB  - We investigate whether a motion aftereffect (MAE) can be induced by an
      isoluminant stimulus which contains colour contrast but no luminance contrast. We
      created a red/green chromatic stimulus, composed of red and green monochromatic
      grating added in antiphase, and corrected for the chromatic aberrations of the
      eye. We varied the ratio of the red to green luminances in the stimulus and found
      that there is no luminance ratio at which the MAE disappears. The results suggest
      that isoluminant stimuli can induce a MAE which is as great and sometimes greater
      than that induced by luminance contrast.

PMID- 4024469
TI  - Positional acuity with chromatic stimuli.
AB  - Theoretical reasons are presented for expecting a high precision spatial acuity
      task (vernier acuity) to be more difficult with an equiluminous stimulus than
      with stimuli containing luminance cues. This prediction was verified in
      Experiment 1. In a second experiment, it was shown that the result of the first
      experiment could not be explained by reduced detectability of the equiluminous
      target bar. We explain these results by the conflicting demands of chromatic and
      spatial differencing within a single mechanism, and propose that this also
      explains the similarities between long and medium wavelength cones in their
      spectral sensitivities.

PMID- 4024470
TI  - Origin of the electroretinogram in the intact macaque eye--I. Principal component
      analysis.
AB  - Responses to 400 msec flashes of white light were recorded at various depths in
      the retina of the intact macaque eye. A statistical technique, principal
      component analysis (PCA), was used to isolate independent components from the
      LERG, using the changing contribution of a cell's response to the LERG with
      retinal depth. Two approaches were evaluated: first, PCA was performed on the
      complete LERG waveforms and, second, on small sections of the LERG. The first
      method yielded a component strongly resembling the receptor response, apart from
      some inconsistencies in the proximal layers, and a component in which the b-wave
      was the most prominent feature, but which still contained some other responses.
      Hence, the components were not suitable to describe the LERG in terms of
      responses of specific cell types. The second method uses PCA to determine whether
      or not the potential change within a small time window is accounted for by a
      single component. This method, which essentially uses the knowledge that
      different cell types respond with different delay times, yielded three
      components. These were identified as the receptor component, the b-wave and the
      d.c.-component. The voltage-depth profiles of these components were assessed.

PMID- 4024471
TI  - Origin of the electroretinogram in the intact macaque eye--II. Current source
      density analysis.
AB  - Local electroretinograms (LERGs), evoked by 400 msec flashes of white light, were
      recorded as a function of retinal depth with a microelectrode in the intact eye
      of a macaque monkey. Retinal resistivity was measured as the potential difference
      between the tips of a bipolar microelectrode, resulting from a 300 msec current
      pulse which was passed through the retina. From the light evoked potentials and
      the resistivity the local currents in the retina were calculated. Current sources
      and sinks were localised for three LERG components. The receptor component had a
      current source in the outer segments (90% depth) and a sink in the ONL (70%
      depth). Both the b-wave and the d.c.-component had a source around 40% depth and
      a sink around 70% depth. The distribution of b-wave sources and sinks in primate
      seems to deviate from that in lower species, since no large current source is
      found in the most proximal layers.

PMID- 4024472
TI  - Local regulation of luminance gain.
AB  - Contrast sensitivity was measured for sinusoidal gratings sampled by compressing
      luminance into a variable number of sample bars. This procedure does not affect
      the amplitude or mean luminance of the grating, but does increase the local
      luminance of the sample bars: the fewer the bars, the more luminous they are. It
      was found that sensitivity increased with bars per cycle, particularly at low
      spatial frequencies. Further experiments, in which the local luminance of the
      sampling bars (but not the average luminance of the grating) was varied by
      addition of veiling glare showed that contrast sensitivity varied inversely with
      local bar luminance (a Weber type relationship). We interpret the results as
      evidence of local gain control under conditions where average luminance, and
      hence mean photon flux, does not vary. Calculations based on variation of
      sensitivity with spatial frequency suggest that gain control can be very
      localized, with receptive fields of Gaussian space constant of 0.5' arc. The
      relevance of these results to modern psychophysical concepts, including the
      definition of contrast is discussed.

PMID- 4024473
TI  - Neural interactions of two moving patterns in the direction and orientation
      domain in the complex cells of cat's visual cortex.
AB  - An examination was made of the responses of complex cells in cat's striate cortex
      to a textured (nonoriented) stimulus moving in the preferred direction,
      superimposed upon either a textured or a grating stimulus (oriented) that was
      moved in different directions. The cell discharges elicited by the textured
      stimulus moving in the preferred direction were reduced by the textured stimulus
      moving in nonpreferred directions, and increased when moved in the preferred
      direction. A grating moving in nonpreferred directions showed similar inhibitory
      effects on the responses to a textured stimulus moving in the preferred
      direction. Neural processing for directional movement is, therefore, affected by
      other neural processing for directional movement, and still more by that for
      orientation.

PMID- 4024474
TI  - Effects of contrast, orientation and binocularity in the pattern evoked
      potential.
AB  - Monocular and binocular visual evoked potentials were studied as a function of
      modulation depth (contrast) of a counterphase sinusoidal grating stimulus. A
      range of spatial and temporal frequencies of stimulation were used. The contrast
      functions showed many different forms, and were in some cases nonmonotonic. The
      binocular response usually had a steeper slope than the monocular response.
      Extrapolating the slope to the zero intercept gave electrophysiological
      thresholds which did not correspond with psychophysical threshold at any spatial
      or temporal frequency used. The binocular response was reduced to the monocular
      level when the orientation difference between the two eyes exceeded about 20
      degrees. The data show that the pattern evoked potential is highly specific to
      many stimulus variables.

PMID- 4024475
TI  - A photoproduct with 13-cis retinal generated by irradiation with violet light in
      the octopus retina.
AB  - The photoconversion between rhodopsin (R) and metarhodopsin (MR) was investigated
      in the retina of Octopus ocellatus by measurements of the fast photovoltage (FPV)
      in conjunction with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Following
      conversion of most of R to MR by short-term exposure to an intense violet light,
      a large vitreous negative FPV due to photon absorption by MR was observed with an
      orange test flash. By continuing the exposure to the same violet light, however,
      the negative FPV became very small, though long-term irradiation with blue-green
      light produced a recovery. With the violet light exposure a substance other than
      R and MR is produced, which hardly contributes to FPV generation. Analysis of
      retinal isomers with HPLC show that such an exposure produces a substance with 13
      cis retinal as its chromophore and that it was significantly reduced after
      exposure to blue-green light.

PMID- 4024476
TI  - The development of visual acuity in very young kittens. A study with forced
      choice preferential looking.
AB  - The development of visual acuity was studied longitudinally in young kittens,
      using a modification of the forced-choice preferential looking method (FPL)
      devised by Teller et al. [Vision Res. 14, 1433-1439 (1974)] for human infants.
      Acuity, defined as the spatial frequency which yields 70% correct responses by a
      naive observer, shows a 16-fold increase between 2 and 10 weeks of age. At
      comparable ages, acuity evaluated by this method falls short of the acuity values
      obtained with the mumping stand or with electrophysiological methods. FPL acuity
      estimated with a more lenient criterion (58%) comes close to the resolution of
      the highest-resolving single cells in the striate cortex. These results suggest
      that the preferential looking procedure provides a method that can be used in
      kittens over a wide age range, including ages at which it is impossible to use
      the jumping stand method.

PMID- 4024477
TI  - Reconstruction of neural control signals for saccades based on an inverse method.
AB  - The failure to obtain realistic saccadic velocity profiles, in earlier simulation
      studies using a linear oculomotor plant model and a stylized pulse-step input,
      has led to the development of quite complex plant models. The stylized-input
      assumption has later been shown to be unrealistic: it is known now that the pulse
      has a smooth shape in which the decay period is longer than the rising edge. To
      explore the applicability of linear models without imposing a priori constraints
      on the shape of the control signal, we have used Fourier deconvolution for
      reconstructing the neural-control signal. From the results obtained with this
      inverse method, we conclude that it is not necessary to use a complicated model
      in order to obtain realistic saccade velocity profiles. Furthermore, the results
      illustrate clearly that a second order linear plant model necessitates active
      braking at the input in order to explain the occurrence of short-lasting
      saccades.

PMID- 4024478
TI  - Eccentricity-dependent scaling of the limits for short-range apparent motion
      perception.
AB  - The ability to report the direction of apparent motion when an array of random
      dots is displaced fails when the displacement exceeds a limiting value (dmax). We
      find that dmax increases rapidly with retinal eccentricity, in a manner different
      from spatial measures such as acuity which are believed to depend on the
      "magnification factor" of projection to area 17. The minimum displacement giving
      detectable motion (dmin) shows a shallower increase with eccentricity which is
      more compatible with the variation of cortical magnification. The dependence of
      apparent motion on the timing variables (exposure duration, inter-stimulus
      interval) changes negligibly with eccentricity. Consequently the dynamic range
      and the upper limit of detectable velocities increases greatly with eccentricity.
      The increase of dmax with eccentricity means that the perception of apparent
      motion will show an approximate invariance with display scale, even though dmax
      has a locally fixed value depending on receptive field structure.

PMID- 4024479
TI  - Visual thresholds for shearing motion in monkey and man.
AB  - A reaction-time task was used to determine the visual motion thresholds in humans
      and in macaque monkeys for sinusoidally modulated shearing motion of a random dot
      display. It was found that humans and macaques were very similar in their spatial
      frequency sensitivity profiles for shearing motion. These profiles were of a U
      shape for all human and monkey subjects tested. Temporal frequency, varied over a
      wide range, did not influence the shape of the spatial frequency sensitivity
      curve, but only the threshold amplitudes. The above results held both for single
      and multiple temporal cycles of shearing motion. Previous reports for the human,
      using these same shearing motion stimuli, indicated no increase in threshold at
      the lower spatial frequencies. The reason for this discrepancy is that thresholds
      in the previous studies were not determined at a low enough spatial frequency to
      see clearly this increase in thresholds. Because of the striking similarity of
      the data for man and macaque, it is suggested that similar neural mechanisms
      underly the shearing motion sensitivity of the two species.

PMID- 4024481
TI  - Spectral sensitivity of the freshwater turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans: evidence
      for the filter-effect of colored oil droplets.
AB  - Spectral sensitivity was measured in the light adapted state for two individuals
      (S1 and S2) of Pseudemys scripta elegans using a behavioral training technique.
      The curves have three pronounced maxima at 450 nm, at 570 nm (S1) or 540 nm (S2),
      and at 640 nm. The spectral sensitivity functions can be described by the over
      envelope of the effective cone sensitivity functions which are determined by the
      absorption spectra of the cone photopigments (lambda max at 450, 518 and 620 nm)
      and by the filter properties of the colored oil droplets.

PMID- 4024480
TI  - Tritan discriminations by 1- and 2-month-old human infants.
AB  - The capacity of 1- and 2-month-old infants to make a tritan discrimination
      between a 4 degree, 416 nm test field and a 547 nm surround was tested by means
      of the forced-choice preferential looking technique. Most of the 2-month-olds and
      the other 1-month-olds made the tritan discrimination and must therefore have
      functional SWS cones. Most of the youngest 1-month-olds failed to make the tritan
      discrimination and therefore either do not encode or do not preserve the
      information ordinarily encoded by SWS cones. The implications of these data and
      the prior data of Hamer et al. [Vision Res. 22, 575-587 (1982)] are discussed in
      relation to color theory.

PMID- 4024482
TI  - Beyond the displacement limit: an analysis of short-range processes in apparent
      motion.
AB  - If a circle of random dots is presented in two successive displays in which the
      second is rotated in relation to the first, then observers are able to accurately
      discriminate the direction of apparent rotation as long as the rotation is small.
      Rotations beyond this short-range apparent motion can produce the impression of
      motion in the reverse direction. The performance in identifying the direction of
      rotation further depends on the eccentricity of stimulation and the density of
      the random dots. Simulations of the experiments using the Marr and Ullman model
      of motion detection are in good quantitative agreement with the data except for
      low dot density patterns and large displacements. In these situations perception
      seems to be dominated by the operation of long-range processes.

PMID- 4024483
TI  - Latency dependence of colour-based target vs nontarget discrimination by the
      saccadic system.
AB  - First saccade responses to sudden presentations of a target/nontarget stimulus
      consisting of green and red spots of light have been investigated. This paradigm,
      which avoids certain ambiguities present in earlier experiments with identical
      double stimuli, leads to remarkably similar conclusions. We found, again, that
      the saccadic system had short-latency compromising responses (averaging response
      mode) when the stimulus pair had a modest direction difference (delta phi). When
      delta phi was enlarged, first saccades were either directed near the green or the
      red spot (bistable response mode). In a second series of experiments different
      instructions, emphasizing either speed or accuracy of response, have been given
      to investigate the relation between saccade accuracy and latency. It appears
      that, independent of instruction, there is a fixed relation between saccade
      metrics and latency. The only way to avoid errors, such as averaging responses,
      is to delay the saccade. Hypothetical mechanisms underlying this relation are
      discussed against recent neurophysiological studies.

PMID- 4024484
TI  - The scotopic visibility curve and cone intrusion.
AB  - The scotopic visibility curves of two observers have been measured by determining
      their absolute thresholds for monochromatic lights and by direct comparison
      matching just above the threshold, in a 10 degree field with its centre 15
      degrees above the fixation point. The results were all similar to the CIE
      scotopic curve. However, the threshold results in the long-wave part of the
      spectrum could be considerably modified by subliminal red and green lights. This
      is consistent with Drum's observations of sub-additivity at threshold. Above
      threshold, supra-additivity was obtained. A scotopic curve is evidently a non
      linear combination of rod and cone responses which varies with the conditions of
      observation.

PMID- 4024485
TI  - Pattern electroretinogram: use of noncorneal skin electrodes.
AB  - Pattern electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded in three adults by a noncorneal
      electrode technique: silver-silver chloride skin electrodes attached to the
      inferior orbit of the left eye while the subject monocularly viewed a high
      contrast checker-board that reversed in contrast at a rate of 10 Hz. Recordings
      revealed pattern ERGs with an average amplitude of 1.5 microV. In addition,
      pattern ERGs were recorded as a function of spatial frequency and contrast of a
      square-wave grating. The results showed that an increase in spatial frequency or
      contrast yielded an increase in the amplitude of the pattern ERG. The results
      demonstrate that the pattern ERG can be recorded with a noncorneal electrode
      technique and that the noncorneal electrode technique is sensitive to changes in
      retinal function. Finally, it is demonstrated that the pattern ERG can transfer
      between the eyes such that the pattern ERG from a viewing eye can be recorded
      from an electrode placed below an occluded eye.

PMID- 4024486
TI  - A Maxwellian-view optometer suitable for electrophysiological and psychophysical
      research.

PMID- 4024487
TI  - [Clinical significance of radionuclide ventriculography in patients with
      myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4024488
TI  - [Does intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in myocardial infarct improve left
      ventricular function?].

PMID- 4024489
TI  - [Systemic thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4024490
TI  - [Renal osteopathy in long-term dialysis therapy--comparison of the alkaline
      phosphatase isoenzyme in bone with histologic findings].

PMID- 4024491
TI  - [Intestinal absorption of calcium: physiological values and results in
      osteopathy].

PMID- 4024492
TI  - [Lipid metabolism in relatives of diabetics].

PMID- 4024493
TI  - [Index of peripheral thyroid effects in units responding to total serum
      thyroxine].

PMID- 4024494
TI  - [General characteristics of extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 4024495
TI  - [The reticulohistiocytic system and amyloid in the pathologico- anatomic picture
      in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4024496
TI  - [Pathologico-anatomic findings in the kidneys and liver in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4024497
TI  - [Possibilities of surgical treatment of pathologic fractures of the femoral
      neck].

PMID- 4024498
TI  - [The effect of artificial air ionization on the number of bacteria in the air in
      a bacteriology laboratory].

PMID- 4024499
TI  - [The activity of an ambulatory care facility in a military garrison].

PMID- 4024500
TI  - [Our approach and position on the cessation of anti-epileptic therapy in soldiers
      admitted for observation for the verification of epilepsy].

PMID- 4024501
TI  - [Fibronectin].

PMID- 4024502
TI  - [Bromocriptine and Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 4024503
TI  - [Primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung].

PMID- 4024504
TI  - [Primary surgical care of soft-tissue injuries caused by bullets from modern
      military rifles in an animal experiment].

PMID- 4024505
TI  - [Total occlusion of the main branch of the left coronary artery].

PMID- 4024506
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of increased lung transparency in pulmonary
      thromboembolism].

PMID- 4024507
TI  - [Aspects of preparation for work by the Yugoslav Blood Transfusion Service in a
      war of national defense].

PMID- 4024508
TI  - [Modification of Wilson's osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus].

PMID- 4024509
TI  - [Practical significance of the more common congenital anatomic variations of
      coronary arteries].

PMID- 4024510
TI  - [Prodromal symptoms in patients with acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4024511
TI  - [Penetration of radioactive dust through the skin].

PMID- 4024512
TI  - [Yersinia enterocolitica. Study of its pathogenic characteristics].

PMID- 4024513
TI  - [Treatment of gonorrheal urethritis with a single dose of penicillin in
      combination with probenecid].

PMID- 4024514
TI  - [Several years' experience in the treatment of snake bites].

PMID- 4024515
TI  - [Determination of ethylmorphine chloride, pilocarpine chloride and tetracaine
      chloride in drops and ointments for the eye].

PMID- 4024516
TI  - [Radioisotope angiography and scintigraphy of the brain. Indications and
      differential diagnosis].

PMID- 4024517
TI  - [Ultraviolet rays and occupational exposure].

PMID- 4024518
TI  - [Report of a patient with liver angioma, tubular adenoma and a kidney cyst].

PMID- 4024519
TI  - [Reiter's disease].

PMID- 4024520
TI  - [Changes in parathyroid hormone levels during the treatment of fractures of long
      tubular bones using the Ilizarov method].
AB  - Content of parathyroid hormone in blood plasma was studied in the course os
      treatment of 62 patients with fractures of crus bones. Alterations in the hormone
      content, depending on the type of trauma, were observed: the most severe injures
      caused the most distinct alterations. Maximal increase in the hormone content
      were observed during the initial period of the treatment, contributing to lysis
      of bone fragments and to formation of bone organic matrix. Decrease in the
      parathyroid hormone content coincided with complete consolidation of bone
      fragments. Content of the hormone was normalized within 35-42 days.

PMID- 4024521
TI  - [Effect of alcohol on the functional characteristics of the internal organs].
AB  - Effects of alcohol on tissue respiration were studied in mice in vivo. Alcohol
      decreased the efficiency of energy metabolism, affecting the working capacity.
      Possible mechanisms of impairment of tissue respiration in presence of alcohol
      are discussed. Effect of a single-day consumption of alcohol at high doses on
      functional characteristics of the vitally important tissues was studied in track
      and field athletes using the methods of auriculodiagnostics. Tissue dependent
      type of the alcohol intoxication as well as its long-term effects were shown.

PMID- 4024522
TI  - [Radioimmunologic determination of androstenedione and the effect of physical
      training on its levels in human blood and saliva].
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) of androstenedione in biological fluids was developed.
      The sensitivity of the method was 30 pg/ml. The efficiency of the standard
      detection in blood and saliva was 98.2%. The intra- and interassay variations
      were 5.6% and 12,7%, respectively. Specificity pf the antiserum was determined in
      cross reactions using 17 steroids. The specificity depended upon the method used,
      the duration of immunization and the quantity of the antigen. Mathematic methods
      were used for definition of optimal values of the main parameters and conditions
      for RIA. 60 different regimes were investigated. The influence of regular
      physical exercises on androstenedione content in blood and saliva was
      investigated in 100 athletes. Physical exercises increased androstenedione
      concentration in men and women blood and saliva. Concentration of androstenedione
      was increased 1.3- and 2.2-fold in men blood and saliva, respectively, the
      concentration of androstenedione was increased 1.6-fold in women blood.

PMID- 4024523
TI  - [Biochemical changes in the rat immunocompetent organs during oxythiamine
      involution of the thymus].
AB  - Oxythiamine injections to rats (400 mg/kg of body mass, subcutaneously, 2
      injections with 48 hrs interval) caused 70% involution of thymus within 72 hrs
      after the first injection. The transketolase activity was inhibited by 70%, that
      of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by 15%, while the aldopentose level was
      decreased by 56% in the thymus. Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis was directly
      dependent on the dose and duration of the oxythiamine effect on the gland.
      Reduction of transketolase activity was accompanied by an adaptive; increase in
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity as well as by a decrease in levels of
      nicotinamide coenzymes (NAD, NADP) in spleen.

PMID- 4024524
TI  - [Immunochemical and physico-chemical characteristics of lactoferrin in human body
      fluids].
AB  - It is proved that lactoferrins of different human body fluids (sperm, saliva,
      milk, tears, urine, bile, sweat, liquor, lymph, blood serum) are immunochemically
      identical. The lactoferrin is purified from milk, saliva and sperm and the
      identity of physical and chemical properties of lactoferrins of various origins
      is proved. The quantitative estimation of the contents of this protein in normal
      body fluids is given. It is detected the dependence of this protein'
      electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric point of degree of iron saturation. It
      is found that lactoferrin is capable to form complexes with esterase.

PMID- 4024525
TI  - [Various reasons for changes in the phospholipid composition of high density
      lipoproteins in hypoalphacholesterolemia].
AB  - In men without any symptoms of ischemic heart disease, living in two different
      geographical zones (Moscow and Chuckchee land) low level of high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was accompanied by alterations in phospholipid
      composition of HDL2 and HDL3: decrease in the ration of lecithin and increase in
      sphingomyelin and kephalin content. The alteration in the phospholipid
      composition of these two HDL subclasses occurred simultaneously with changes in
      fatty acid composition of HDL lecithin: decrease in the ratio of linoleic acid as
      well as in stearic and arachidonic or eucosepentaenic acids. At the same time,
      phospholipid composition of the HDL subclasses was dissimilar in men and women
      without any symptoms of ischemic heart disease. Role of alterations in the fatty
      acid composition of phosphatide acid as well as effect of hormones on alterations
      in the phospholipid composition of HDL in hypoalphacholesterolemia are discussed.

PMID- 4024526
TI  - [The role of changes in the antioxidative activity and phospholipid composition
      of the rat liver in the mechanism of phenazepam action on the liver and the
      protective effect of talamonal].
AB  - Phenazepame exhibited properties of prooxidant in a model system of oleic acid
      methyl ester oxidation. After single intraperitoneal administration of
      phenazepame (5 mg/kg) the antioxidative activity (AOA) of rat liver lipids was
      decreased, correlating with level of histidase and urokinase activity in blood
      plasma indicating the liver tissue injury. Distinct alterations in the relative
      content of liver phospholipids were also noted. A phase type of alterations was
      observed in the content of these phospholipids as well as in the ratio
      phosphatidyl choline/phosphatidyl ethanolamine; at the same time, the
      phospholipid ratio was altered simultaneously with the alterations of the
      enzymatic activities in blood. After administration of the antioxidant, which
      normalized the AOA level and the phospholipid composition, activities of
      histidase and urokinase were markedly decreased in blood. The neuroleptanalgetic
      drug thalamonale, protecting liver tissue against the impairments, normalized the
      AOA level and the phospholipid composition. Thus, alterations in AOA and in the
      phospholipid composition reflected distinctly the unfavourable effect of
      phenazepame as well as the protecting action of thalamonale on liver tissue.

PMID- 4024528
TI  - [Thermostabilization of glutamin(asparagin)ase from Pseudomonas aurantica BKMB
      548].
AB  - In studies on kinetics of thermoinactivation of glutaminase (asparaginase) from
      Ps. arantiaca BKMB-548 at 50 degrees and pH 7.0 in presence or in absence of L
      glutamate the enzyme inactivation was found to obey the first order equation.
      Both the glutaminase and asparaginase activities decreased at a similar rate. L
      Glutamate stabilized the enzyme due to direct interaction with its molecule.
      Stability of the complex formed was evaluated quantitatively. L-Glutamate reacted
      apparently with a specific site on the surface of the enzyme molecule; Kdiss was
      0.42 +/- 0.03 mM at pH 7.0 and 50 degrees. No cooperative effect was found. L
      Aspartate protected the enzyme completely; stabilizing effects of L-cysteine, L
      serine and glycine were similar to the effect of L-glutamate (94%, 84%, 83% and
      82%, respectively). At the same time, glutarate, succinate, alpha-ketobutyrate,
      alpha-ketoglutarate, gamma-aminobutyrate and N-benzoyl glutamate did not exhibit
      the stabilization effect. The data obtained suggest that the high stabilizing
      effect might exhibit only the substances containing simultaneously free alpha-NH2
      and alpha-COOH groups in a molecule, whereas presence of COOH groups at beta--or
      gamma-carbon atoms was not essential for the stabilizing effect.

PMID- 4024527
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolism of the skeletal muscle of the ischemic extremity in
      acute and chronic occlusion of the major arteries in man].
AB  - Activation of glycolysis and glycogenolysis as well as stimulation of the
      pentosephosphate pathway of glucose oxidation occurred in skeletal muscle of the
      ischemized legs of patients with occlusive impairments of main arteries.

PMID- 4024529
TI  - [Antithrombin III activity in relation to multiple administration of various
      doses of heparin to normal animals].
AB  - Heparin affected the content of antithrombin III and the thrombin time of blood
      plasma coagulation depending on the dose of the anticoagulant administered (eight
      intravenous administrations at single doses of 225, 150, 75, 37 or 18 IU/kg of
      body mass of healthy rats). High doses of heparin decreased more distinctly the
      content of antithrombin III as compared with low doses. 8 intravenous infusions
      of small doses of heparin (37 IU/kg) as well as intramuscular administration of
      the anticoagulant (10 injections) at a dose of 225 IU/kg caused a compensatory
      increase in content of antithrombin III. After 30 intramuscular administrations
      the compensatory reaction of antithrombin III disappeared. In this case the
      content of antithrombin III and the thrombin time of blood plasma coagulation
      exhibited stability towards the anticoagulant effect.

PMID- 4024530
TI  - [Iron-containing blood proteins in poisoning by polyamide compounds].
AB  - Chronic treatment (by means of inhalation) of rats with polyamide substances was
      accompanied by destabilization of erythrocyte membranes causing penetration of
      hemoglobin into blood serum. Electrophoresis of blood serum proteins in 7.5%
      polyacrylamide gel exhibited appearance of additional hemoglobin fractions
      electrophoretic mobility of which corresponded to the Ist and 4th fractions of
      erythrocyte hemoglobins. Estimation of hemoglobin composition in blood serum
      might be used for diagnostics of polyamide intoxication.

PMID- 4024531
TI  - [Polymerization of Straub's actin in patients with myocardial infarction and in
      experimental occlusion of coronary arteries].
AB  - Rates of actin polymerization and of contractility of myocardial glycerinated
      fibers (the myofibrillar contractile system) were found to be decreased in
      patients with myocardium infarction and in experimental heart ischemia. The
      phenomena were noted within the earliest period under study (I hr after
      development of ischemia). Causes of the decrease in the rates of actin
      polymerization and of the myofibrillar contractility did not involve hypoxia and
      acidosis. They were observed in non-ischemic and non-infarcted zones of left
      ventricles and in non-impaired right ventricles. The data obtained suggest that
      alterations in physico-chemical properties of actin (the main protein of thin
      myofilament) leading the decrease in the contractile functions, were responsible
      for acute failure of heart muscle in ischemia and infarction.

PMID- 4024532
TI  - [Mechanism of action of sodium oxybutyrate in experimental myocardial
      infarction].
AB  - Effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate on lipid metabolism was studied in experimental
      infarction of rabbit myocardium. Administration of 80 mg of sodium
      hydroxybutyrate per kg of body mass caused a decrease of free fatty acids content
      in the infarction zone, in surrounding zones and in blood. Treatment of the
      experimental animals with sodium hydroxybutyrate normalized distinctly the
      phospholipid composition of the ischemized myocardium. Content of phosphatidyl
      choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and cardiolipine was increased in the
      infarction zone and in surrounding zones of myocardium. Concentration of
      lysolecithines was decreased in the both zone studied. In the animals treated
      with sodium hydroxy butyrate after the infarction output of myocardial creatine
      kinase into circulation was decreased.

PMID- 4024533
TI  - [Mechanism of impairment of energy metabolism in respiratory muscles in
      experimental botulism].
AB  - Phase alterations in content of adenylic nucleotides were observed in muscular
      and nervous tissues in dynamics of botulinic intoxication in rats. Experiments
      with administration of 4-aminopyridine and alpha-tocopherol showed that a
      decreased rate of mediator liberation in cholinergic synapses and activation of
      lipid peroxidation were apparently responsible for impairments in energy
      metabolism.

PMID- 4024534
TI  - [Blood levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and ATP in diabetes mellitus in
      children].
AB  - To elucidate possible role of alterations in levels of glycosylated hemoglobin
      and ATP of blood in pathogenesis of diabetic impairments, 29 children with
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied. In these children the blood
      content of the glycosylated hemoglobin was distinctly increased simultaneously
      with a decrease in ATP level. The alterations were especially distinct in the
      children the parents of which suffered from ischemic heart disease, myocardial
      infarction, insult, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Development of diabetes
      mellitus in these children was characterized by the most severe manifestations
      (especially frequent and severe diabetic lesions, distinct decreases in secretion
      of insulin and in efficiency of the hormone). A hypothesis is discussed on
      possible importance of accelerated glycosylation of proteins and of a decrease in
      ATP synthesis for development of diabetic lesions.

PMID- 4024535
TI  - [Clinical role of lipid metabolism indices in the plasma and erythrocytes in
      progressive muscular dystrophies].
AB  - Patterns of lipid metabolism were studied in blood plasma and erythrocytes of
      patients with various forms of hereditary myopathies (Duchenn disease, Bekker
      Kiner disease, Erba-Roth disease, Landuzy-Dejerin disease, Sharko-Mary neural
      amyotrophy). These diseases were characterized by a number of common patterns:
      deficiency of phospholipids, specific alterations in properties of lipoproteins
      and in content of cholesterol. In the Duchenn disease specific alterations
      typical for each step of the disease were shown. These alterations might be of
      prognostic significance for evaluation of the rate of myodystrophy development.

PMID- 4024536
TI  - [Fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in brain microsomes of albino rats
      with alloxan diabetes].
AB  - Fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in rat brain microsomes were
      studied under conditions of alloxan diabetes. The data obtained indicate
      significant differences in the content of unsaturated fatty acids and also a
      slight activation of lipid peroxidation in the pathological state studied.

PMID- 4024537
TI  - [Comparative study of silylated heparin and sodium heparinate].
AB  - Trimethylsilyl heparin formed a complex with fibrinogen, caused anticoagulation
      and antipolymerization effects on fibrin-monomer as well as exhibited
      nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity towards unstabilized fibrin.

PMID- 4024539
TI  - [Evaluation of the degree of endogenous intoxication in oncological patients].
AB  - The paper is concerned with an evaluation of leucocyte index of intoxication,
      neutrophile/lymphocyte ratio and nuclear index in 55 patients with ovarian
      malignancies and 74 cases of stage IV lung cancer. Also, the said indexes were
      followed in 68 cases of gynecologic malignancies and 62 cases of lung cancer
      after radical surgery. Lymphocytic index of intoxication proved to be
      instrumental in the evaluation of endogenous intoxication in stage IV lung cancer
      and ovarian tumors before and after surgery.

PMID- 4024538
TI  - [Comparison of the effect of homologous and heterologous albumin on the activity
      of lipoprotein lipase and liver triglyceride lipase in rabbit plasma].
AB  - Changes in the activity of blood plasma lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34, LPL and
      hepatic triacylglycerol lipase EC 3.1.1.3, H-TGL) were studied in rabbits
      injected intravenously by homologous and heterologous albumins (bovine, fraction
      Y, Sigma, BSA) alone and in combination with heparin. Rabbit albumin enhanced the
      effect of heparin on the LPL activity, while heterologous protein, to the
      contrary, diminished it. The in vitro experiments showed that BSA caused a more
      distinct effect on the LPL activity as compared with that of rabbit albumin. The
      activity of H-TGL was not significantly altered under the influence of both
      proteins.

PMID- 4024540
TI  - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the proximal section of the stomach].
AB  - The report deals with an evaluation of the results of 430 radical operations for
      cancer of the proximal part of the stomach. The lethality rates following
      proximal resection were 16.8% and 13.1% after gastrectomy. Neither splenectomy
      nor marginal resection of the liver resulted in a significant increase in
      postoperative mortality which, however, soared up by as much as 50% after radical
      surgery involving the resection of the pancreas.

PMID- 4024541
TI  - [Carcinoid of the trachea simulating bronchial asthma (1 case)].

PMID- 4024542
TI  - [Trace elements in polymorphic adenomas of the parotid salivary glands].

PMID- 4024543
TI  - [Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis simulating a tumor of the large intestine (1
      case)].

PMID- 4024544
TI  - [Comparison of the tabular survival indices of 2 prognostically heterogeneous
      patient groups].

PMID- 4024545
TI  - [Resistance to the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone in brain tumor patients].
AB  - Out of 24 patients with brain tumors, 22 proved to be resistant to inhibition by
      dexamethasone. There were no significant differences in the sensitivity to
      dexamethasone in three study groups established on the basis of the tumor site-to
      diencephalic structures distance. A relatively higher frequency of disturbances
      in dexamethasone inhibition in patients with brain tumors suggests grave
      disorders induced in glucocorticoid secretion regulation by chronic stress.

PMID- 4024546
TI  - [Intraoperative diagnosis of incipient stomach cancer].
AB  - A combination procedure of surgical fibrogastroscopy was employed for diagnosis
      of incipient gastric carcinoma. It involved a routine examination of the mucosa,
      transillumination (examination in transmitted light) and endoscopy of the
      illuminated surgically-exposed stomach, with the endoscope's ligh being switched
      off. The study conducted in 24 patients with incipient carcinoma showed the
      effectiveness of the said diagnostic procedure in identifying foci of such
      lesions, their anatomic pattern as well as the extent of involvement of different
      layers of the stomach wall, submucosal and serous muscular layer.

PMID- 4024547
TI  - [Effect of an operation on the immunoreactivity indices, their postoperative
      dynamics and the effect of 3-HAA-antigen on these indices in patients with
      gastrointestinal tumors].
AB  - The following parameters were studied in cases of gastrointestinal tumors: 3
      hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA)-antigen in blood serum; antibodies to 3-HAA
      antigen; immunoglobulins G, A and M (after Manchini); 3-HAA-antigen effect on
      blastogenic reaction of lymphocytes; 3-HAA-antigen effect on leucocyte migration;
      blood serum effect on cells producing antibodies to ram erythrocytes, and levels
      of T-lymphocytes and their subpopulations. The studies were conducted before
      operation, 4-6, 7 and more months after operation. Tumor removal as well as tumor
      recurrences and metastases were shown to have an effect on the first 4
      parameters. 3-HAA-antigen stimulated the formation of specific antibodies,
      suppressed blastogenic reaction of lymphocytes but failed to affect leucocyte
      migration significantly.

PMID- 4024548
TI  - [Risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer in uterine myoma].
AB  - It was shown that the risk for endometrial cancer development in uterine myoma
      increases 43-fold in cases of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, 20
      fold in adnexitis, 15-fold in hyperplastic endometrial lesions and 9.8-fold in
      the multipara.

PMID- 4024549
TI  - [Effect of age on carcinogenesis in female rats induced by methyl (acetoxymethyl)
      nitrosamine].
AB  - A single intraperitoneal injection of methyl-acetoxymethyl-nitrosamine produced
      tumors in 85.7% of 3 month-old female rats and in 62.5% of 14 month-old ones
      matched by 26.5% in controls. Intestinal tumors developed most frequently. Also,
      tumors of the pituitary, thyroid, breast, uterus as well as leukemia were
      detected. Multiple intestinal tumors were more frequent in the young age group
      (1.43 and 1.00), tumor-free interval in older animals being 217 days longer.
      Studies on DNA alkylation and repair were carried out using intraperitoneal
      injections of 14C-methyl-acetoxymethyl-nitrosamine. Young animals showed higher
      levels of methylpurines in organ tissues other than those of small intestine 3
      hrs after treatment. The rate of methylpurine excretion in young rats was higher,
      too. However, liver tissue of old rats showed a higher rate of O6-methylguanine
      repair than that in younger ones.

PMID- 4024550
TI  - [DNA reparative synthesis in liver cell cultures from mice with various
      susceptibilities to spontaneous hepatic carcinogenesis].
AB  - Ultra-violet radiation-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in liver cell cultures
      from CBA, C57Bl/6j and AKR adult male mice was studied autoradiographically.
      Ultra-violet radiation (254 nm; 1.5-36 J/m2) triggered on an active unscheduled
      DNA synthesis in all cell cultures studied. The levels of unscheduled DNA
      synthesis in the liver cell nuclei of the spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis
      susceptible strain (CBA) and relatively, resistant ones (C57Bl/6j and AKR) were
      similar. It is suggested that the susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis in
      different murine strains is determined by such parameters as DNA damage and
      repair (stage of initiation) as well as factors peculiar to the stage of
      promotion.

PMID- 4024551
TI  - [Identification of the transforming Ha-ras gene in human melanoma, neuroblastoma
      and breast cancer cells].
AB  - Preparations of DNA isolated from malignant melanoma (Ja heterotransplant),
      neuroblastoma (L-AN-1 cell line) and breast cancer (SK-BR-3 cell line) induced a
      high incidence of transformation of recipient NIH 3T3 cells in two consecutive
      cycles of transfection. Transformed NIH 3T3 cells appeared to be highly
      tumorigenic in newborn BALB/c mice. The analysis of DNA samples isolated from
      primary and secondary NIH 3T3 transformants identified Alu-repetitive DNA
      sequences of human genome as well as additional sequences homologous to ras
      family oncogene. Transforming c-Ha-ras I gene was identified for the first time
      in NIH 3T3 cells transformed by preparations of DNA isolated from human malignant
      melanoma, neuroblastoma and breast cancer.

PMID- 4024552
TI  - [Immediate results of the surgical treatment of gynecologic neoplasm patients
      over 60].
AB  - Surgery was carried out in 1,229 cases (346 (28.1%) aged 60 and older) at the
      gynecological department of the Dispensary in 1976-1983. The operability rate in
      the aged and old-age bracket was 55.2%. Malignancies were registered in 239
      benign tumors--in 107 cases. 16 patients died (4.6%), thromboembolism of the lung
      artery being the most frequent cause of postoperative mortality. A combination of
      neuroleptanalgetics, barbiturates and nitrous oxide is recommended for
      anesthesia.

PMID- 4024553
TI  - [Action of unithiol on the toxic effect of antitumor preparations].
AB  - The effect of unitiol treatment on the toxicity of dactinomycin, 5-fluorouracil,
      bleomycetin and vincristine was studied in CBA mice. Unitiol treatment was shown
      to decrease the acute toxicity of dactinomycin and involves a lower loss of body
      weight. Also, it reduced dactinomycin hemotoxicity which was assessed on the
      basis of leukocyte count in peripheral blood. Conversely, unitiol potentiated the
      acute toxic effect of 5-fluorouracil, bleomycetin and vincristine which was
      matched by body weight loss following treatment with cytostatic drugs. The
      results point to a wide range of the biological effects of unitiol.

PMID- 4024554
TI  - [Mechanisms of the effect of polyamines on the complex-forming ability of blood
      plasma ribonucleases].
AB  - The study was concerned with the pathways of protein complexing in tumor growth.
      The effects of polyamines on blood plasma proteins and, particularly, on
      ribonuclease were investigated as a possible modifier of protein--protein
      interactions. In application of an ultrafiltration procedure, in vitro addition
      of polyamines to blood plasma imitated certain changes in plasma proteins which
      take place in tumor growth: filtrate showed a rise in the low molecular weight
      protein fraction, ribonuclease included. Peak concentrations of protein in
      filtrate were obtained virtually as soon as polyamines were added to incubation
      medium. The dissociating effect of polyamines was determined on the basis of the
      polyamine/protein ratio. Protein complexing was shown to be subject to the
      effects of both polyamines and products of their enzymatic oxidation.

PMID- 4024555
TI  - [An all-embracing concern for our successors in science].

PMID- 4024556
TI  - [Use of the carcinoembryonic antigen in the gastric juice for diagnosing
      pretumorous stomach diseases].
AB  - Radioimmunologic procedures were employed in comparing the levels of carcino
      embryonic antigen in the gastric juice, blood plasma and saliva in cases of
      stomach cancer, gastritis, polyposis and gastric ulcer. No correlation between
      the antigen levels in different biological fluids was established. It was found,
      however, that the assay of carcino-embryonic antigen level in gastric juice may
      be instrumental in detecting precancerous lesions of the stomach.

PMID- 4024557
TI  - [Rapid cytological diagnosis in cancer of the lung, stomach and esophagus].
AB  - The results of 1,053 express cytological examinations carried out in 369 patients
      were assessed. The scope and limitations of the procedure as well as errors
      involved were analysed. It was found that express cytological examinations
      provide a means for adequate evaluation of the nature and extent of cancer
      pathology and are instrumental in working out effective schemes of surgical
      treatment. An intraoperative cytological examination of lymph nodes can
      substitute a histological one.

PMID- 4024558
TI  - [Factors affecting the occurrence of cancer relapses in the intrathoracic portion
      of the esophagus after radical treatment].
AB  - The results of a retrospective clinico-statistical evaluation of the data on 35
      cases of cancer of the thoracic part of the esophagus recurring after "radical"
      treatment pointed to the following factors responsible for relapse: tumor stage,
      level at which tumor is located and degree of local expansion. The latter factor
      seemed to be of paramount importance.

PMID- 4024559
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of background diseases in stage I stomach
      cancer].
AB  - A study on alterations occurring in gastric mucosa in cases of stage I stomach
      cancer identified chronic gastritis involving gland atrophy of varying degree as
      the basic background feature, with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia being
      common manifestations of precancerous lesion development. Malignant
      transformation of hyperplastic polyps and adenomas occurs in areas in which
      dysplasia of metaplastic epithelium tends to spread. Stomach cancer development
      from gastric ulcer seems unlikely. Morphological factors should be considered,
      when groups of high risk for stomach cancer development are identified among
      cases of chronic gastric diseases.

PMID- 4024560
TI  - [Variants of surgical methods for localized forms of breast cancer].
AB  - An analysis of the data on 145 surgical cases of stage I and IIA breast cancer
      was undertaken. Organ-saving procedures were carried out in 22 cases. Five-year
      results of treatment of 55 cases were studied. Surgery is the most effective
      procedure of treatment of localized breast cancer. Organ-saving operations as the
      only treatment procedure should not be carried out onless certain prognostic
      factors are considered.

PMID- 4024561
TI  - [Possibilities in the conservative treatment of patients with early forms of
      uterine cancer].
AB  - Organ-saving surgery was used in 134 patients with early cervical cancer (high
      amputation with a lancet-98 and cryotherapy-36 cases). The efficiency of the
      procedure was verified by morphological examination of samples obtained from the
      operation site at certain periods after primary treatment. The results of
      surgical treatment and hormonotherapy of early endometrial cancer (66 and 17
      cases, respectively) are presented. Sparing methods may be used for treatment of
      early cancer of the uterus. Due to their application, menstrual, sexual and
      reproductive functions are preserved.

PMID- 4024562
TI  - [Factors affecting late treatment results with uterine choriocarcinoma patients].
AB  - Factors influencing posttreatment survival of uterine choriocarcinoma patients
      were studied in 166 cases of histologically-verified tumor. Procedures for
      calculating indexes of actual survival as well as tabulated rates of 3- and 5
      year survival are presented. A 3-year period of follow-up appeared to be
      sufficient for evaluation of prognosis. The following factors proved to be of the
      highest prognostic value: the outcome of preceding pregnancy, duration of latent
      and symptom periods, peripheral blood count, parametrial involvement, changes of
      chorionic gonadotropin level in the course of treatment, site of metastasis and
      cytostatic drugs used.

PMID- 4024563
TI  - [Sequence of using the components of combined treatment in stage III and IV
      ovarian cancer patients and late treatment results].
AB  - The paper presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the data on 413
      cases of stage III-IV epithelial malignancies of the ovaries. Application of the
      surgery+chemotherapy scheme for initial treatment secured better results than any
      other treatment modality. There was no correlation between survival, tumor stage
      and scheme of subsequent therapy.

PMID- 4024564
TI  - [Central nervous system lesions in leukemia in children].
AB  - Initial morphologic manifestations of neuroleukemia consisted in tumor cell
      infiltration of the fat tissue of the epidural space (mainly, the lumbar region
      of the spine) and dura and pia mater spinalis. Leukemia infiltration of the
      central nervous system was due to tumor cell migration from the bone marrow via
      perivascular spaces.

PMID- 4024565
TI  - [Effect of the splenic cells of tumor-bearing mice on the allograft immune
      response].
AB  - An earlier experimental model employing quantitative analysis of
      allotransplantation immune response in vivo and registration of the functional
      activity of immunoregulatory cells was used. It was established that syngeneic
      transfer of spleen cells from mice bearing 20-methylcholanthrene-induced tumors
      to normal intact mice modifies immune response to allogeneic cells. The effect of
      splenocytes was found to depend on the rate of tumor growth. Moreover, the method
      of syngeneic transfer (systemic application or local injection) of
      immunoregulatory cells appeared to be of great importance for the realization of
      suppressive or stimulative effect of splenocytes. Possible causes of changes in
      the extent and nature of the effect of lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice on
      allotransplantation immune response in vivo are discussed.

PMID- 4024566
TI  - [Importance of the cyclophosphane administration regimen for its immunomodulating
      and antitumor effect in experimental chemotherapy].
AB  - Cytological examinations and evaluation of the proliferative response of lymph
      node lymphocytes to T- and B-cell mitogens in vivo were carried out to identify
      the immunomodulating effect of cyclophosphamide (CP) versus the scheme of
      treatment. Using the system of adoptive transfer of splenic lymphocytes from
      experimental animals to intact syngeneic recipients, it was found that the scheme
      dependent differentiated effects of CP on the antigen-specific tumor-associated
      and nonspecific suppressive activity of spleen cells provides an important
      pathway of CP action on the organism. A relationship between CP immunomodulating
      effects and lymphocyte antitumor activity was demonstrated in experiments using
      diffusion chambers.

PMID- 4024567
TI  - [Effect of cyclophosphane on lipid peroxidation].
AB  - Single and repeated treatment with toxic doses of cyclophosphamide was shown to
      activate peroxidation of lipids of myocardial, pulmonary, hepatic and renal cell
      membranes. An antioxidant-silymarin-inhibited the prooxidating effect of
      cyclophosphamide thus suggesting further studies of antioxidants as means for
      counteracting the adverse effects of cytostatic drugs.

PMID- 4024568
TI  - [Early diagnosis of hepatitis A].

PMID- 4024569
TI  - [Clinical analysis of the causes of fatal outcome in infection].

PMID- 4024570
TI  - [Soil properties and the etiology of ascariasis in humans].

PMID- 4024571
TI  - [Utilization of emergency medical services by patients of retirement age].

PMID- 4024572
TI  - [Experience in improving the effectiveness of the dispensarization of patients
      with primary glaucoma].

PMID- 4024573
TI  - [Indicators of hemodynamics in patients with ischemic heart disease and the
      initial stage of cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 4024574
TI  - [Mechanism of the therapeutic effect of helium-neon laser in various
      cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 4024575
TI  - [Acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs associated with myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 4024576
TI  - [Acute myocardial infarction in brothers with peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4024577
TI  - [The renin-angiotensin system and central hemodynamics on borderline arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 4024578
TI  - [Use of nitrogen baths in the complex treatment of patients with hypertension].

PMID- 4024579
TI  - [Characteristics of hemodynamics in the passive orthostatic test].

PMID- 4024581
TI  - [Characteristics of the central hemodynamics and morphofunctional state of the
      myocardium in patients with nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 4024580
TI  - [A case of successful correction of a complicated form of congenital aortic
      stenosis using bioprosthesis].

PMID- 4024582
TI  - [Serum lysozyme levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic
      nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 4024583
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of nonspecific pneumonia and infiltrative pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 4024584
TI  - [Determining the activity of pulmonary tuberculomas].

PMID- 4024585
TI  - [A case of pulmonary adenomatosis].

PMID- 4024586
TI  - [Anastomosis ligatures simulating recurrence of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4024587
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes in microvessels of the stomach and pancreas in early
      periods following selective vagotomy].

PMID- 4024588
TI  - [Use of sodium succinate in patients with a history of myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4024590
TI  - [Myeloma nephropathy].

PMID- 4024589
TI  - [Enzyme activity and dynamics of blood levels of microelements during the complex
      treatment of chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 4024591
TI  - [Copper and zinc levels in blood components in different body conditions].

PMID- 4024592
TI  - [Significance of hypo- and areflexia of the cornea in the early diagnosis of
      disseminated sclerosis].

PMID- 4024593
TI  - [Gnosis centers of speech and gesture].

PMID- 4024594
TI  - [Sequelae of closed cranio-cerebral injuries in childhood].

PMID- 4024595
TI  - [Ecological and hygienic problems of the development of nuclear energy].

PMID- 4024596
TI  - [Possibility of using data on the manganese content of the hair of welders as an
      exposure test].

PMID- 4024597
TI  - [Blood serotonin levels and urinary excretion of tryptamine in toxic hepatitis
      caused by fluoride compounds].

PMID- 4024598
TI  - [Experimental substantiation of using immunomodulators of the
      phenylimidazothiazole type for the correction of secondary immunologic
      insufficiency caused by poliomyelitis virus].

PMID- 4024599
TI  - [A case of trichinelliasis and food poisoning].

PMID- 4024600
TI  - [Urinary catecholamines in normal-weight and overweight diabetics].
AB  - The 24-h urine excretion of free, conjugated and total fraction of Dopa,
      dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline was studied in diabetics with normal
      weight and overweight. A tendency to lower excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline
      and dopamine was established in diabetics with overweight as well as a tendency
      to reverse correlation between overweight and urine excretion of catecholamines.
      On the base of the so called synthesis and degradation coefficients, the
      possibility the changes established in the diabetics with overweight to be due to
      reduced synthesis of dopamine and noradrenaline is discussed. A presumption is
      presented about the possible causative relation between the reduction of
      catecholamine excretion and overweight in diabetics.

PMID- 4024601
TI  - [Erythrocyte enzymes in chronic kidney failure].
AB  - Forty four patients with various degrees of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI)
      were studied. The activity of both dehydrogenases and pentosephosphate pathway
      (PPhP) in erythrocyte--glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), as well as the activity of the main
      generating ATP-enzyme of glycolysis--pyruvate kinase (PK) was studied. The
      activity of the erythrocyte enzymes studied grows with the intensification of
      renal insufficiency, particularly manifested in G6PD and PK.

PMID- 4024602
TI  - [Invasive aspergillosis in patients who died from acute leukemia].
AB  - The necropsy material with acute leukosis (166 deceased) was studied in order to
      establish the incidence of invasive aspergillosis. It was established in 16 of
      the deceased (9,64%): aspergillosis pneumonia--in 5 cases, aspergillosis sepsis-
      in II, with invasion of lungs, brain, spleen, liver, myocardium and other organs.
      Clinically aspergillosis was not distinguished. Continuous septic temperature,
      not influenced by antibiotic therapy should draw the attention to the presence of
      aspergillosis. The factors, preconditioning aspergillosis infection are stressed
      upon: immune-suppressive treatment in acute leukosis, granulocytopenia,
      continuous preceding antibiotic therapy, etc. The difficulties in the clinical
      differentiation of the infection are emphasized. With a view to the high
      incidence and lethality of aspergillosis in acute leukosis, the introduction of
      modern diagnostic methods and treatment are underlined to be necessary.

PMID- 4024603
TI  - [Acute kidney failure and acute toxic cholestatic hepatitis caused by a large
      amount of analgin].

PMID- 4024604
TI  - [Acute allopurinol (milurit) poisoning].
AB  - A patient with gout and schizophrenia is described who during a schizophrenic
      paroxysm with paranoid-hypochondriac-hallucinatory syndrome attempted to commit
      suicide and took 200 tablets milurit (20 g). He developed the picture of acute
      intoxication with nausea, vomiting, profuse diarrhea, abdominal pain, flushing,
      temperature, collapse manifestations, hepatomegaly, direct hyperbilirubinemia,
      elevated transaminase, leukopenia, accelerated ESR. After reanimation and
      infusion therapy, the patient recovered within 4 days and 2 weeks later all blood
      indices reached the limits of the norm.

PMID- 4024605
TI  - [Ultrastructural mechanisms of the antacid effect of biomet in duodenal ulcer
      patients].
AB  - Corpus gastric mucosa, obtained via repeated blind aspiration biopsy--before and
      after 10 day treatment with biomet--1 g daily, was electron microscopically
      studied in 10 patients with active duodenal ulcer. Before the treatment, the wall
      adjoining cells were with high hyperplasia of intracytoplasmatic tubules, which
      pressed in separate groups-packets the numerous mitochondria with data about
      hyper-reactivity, on the background of scarce or absent tubulo-vesicular
      structures. After a 10-day biomet treatment, the reduced area of
      intracytoplasmatic tubules of wall-adjoining cells is obvious as well as the
      recovery of tubulo vesicular structures. Often, in single patients, endocrine G
      cells were observed. With the intragastric pH-metry, however, performed in 2 of
      the patients, before and by 90 min after the intravenous administration of 200 mg
      tagamet--significantly elevated values of pH of gastric mucosa were established,
      positively correlating with the described ultrastructural changes in wall
      adjoining cells. The antacid effect of biomet, is very likely, realized via the
      mechanism of reduction of the surface of the secreting membrane structures,
      responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid by gastric mucosa.

PMID- 4024606
TI  - [Causes of death in liver cirrhosis patients seen on an outpatient basis].
AB  - The immediate cause of death were studied in 122 patients with cirrhosis of
      liver, out of 236 patients with cirrhosis of liver under follow-up care
      observation in the course of 12 years. The average age of the deceased is 53,8
      years, with a ratio males: females--2,3:1. The deceased were grouped according to
      the type of liver cirrhosis as follows: micronodular--63,1%, macronodular--15,6%,
      mixed--9,8%, primary biliary--6,6%, hemochromatosis--, 4,1% and the disease of
      Wilson--Konovalov--0,81%. Decompensated stage of cirrhosis was established in
      77,9% from the deceased at the last examination and compensated--21,1%. Immediate
      cause for the death in the summed up group cirrhoses is: hepatic coma in 42,2%,
      acute hemorrhage with or without coma--32,3%, other causes--18,9%. Degeneration
      of liver cirrhosis into cancer was established in 9,01%. Cirrhosis degenerated
      more frequently in males. Hemochromatosis and micronodular cirrhosis are the ones
      that most frequently degenerated.

PMID- 4024607
TI  - [Serum immunoreactive trypsin in chronic pancreatitis patients].
AB  - The serum immunoreactive trypsin (determined by RIA-gnost Trypsin of the firm
      Hochst) was studied in 30 patients with chronic pancreatitis: 16 patients in a
      stage of exacerbation and 14 patients with clinical remission. Via pancreozymin
      secretin test pancreatic exocrine insufficiency was established in all patients:
      24 patients with moderate disorders and 6 patients with total secretory
      deficiency. The results were compared with a control group of 13 healthy
      subjects. In the mixed group of patients with chronic pancreatitis, serum
      immunoreactive trypsin did not differ from that of the control group (p greater
      than 0,05). The values of immunoreactive trypsin in serum, in the patients with
      chronic pancreatitis in a stage of exacerbation, are higher, with a statistical
      significance (p less than 0,001). In chronic pancreatitis, in a stage of
      remission, the level of serum immunoreactive trypsin is significantly lower as
      compared with the control group (p less than 0,01). The determination of serum
      immunoreactive trypsin could be used as a test in the diagnostics of recurrences
      of chronic pancreatitis but it is not a sure marker for the presence of
      pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.

PMID- 4024608
TI  - [Treatment of diffuse glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus with a
      combination of anticoagulants, corticosteroids and immunosuppressors].
AB  - The results from the combined treatment with anticoagulants (heparin and
      acenocoumarol), corticosteroids and immunosuppressors are reported in 27 patients
      with diffuse lupus glomerulonephritis. In 14 patients (51,9%) complete clinical
      laboratory remission was obtained, and in 9 patients (33,3%)--partial. Two
      patients (7,4%) deteriorated and one female of them--died. Two patients (7,4%)
      died from the complications in connection with the treatment. The following
      conditions are necessary for the attainment of favourable therapeutic effect:
      intravenous administration of 30 000 U heparin for at least 60 days; high initial
      dose of corticosteroids (60 mg prednisolone) in the course of 2-3 months or
      initiation with "pulse" methylprednisolone treatment (300 mg methylprednisolone
      intravenously for 3 to 5 days), when a shortening of the periods with the high
      initial doses to 1-2 months is possible; considerable duration of the treatment
      as a whole--at least I and 1/2 year; qualitative follow up care. With alternating
      intake of corticosteroids--the dose for two days, taken as a single dose every
      second day--reduces sharply the incidence and severity of the adverse effects,
      induced by them, but with no effect on therapeutic outcome.

PMID- 4024609
TI  - [Treatment of acute and chronic urological infections with azlocillin--clinical
      and microbiological research].
AB  - The authors present their results from the treatment of urological infections
      with the new semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic azlocillin (acyl-ureide
      penicillin) in 86 patients with various, in kind and clinical manifestations,
      infections of the urinary system. The susceptibility was determined of the
      isolated bacterial causative agents of the urological infections to azlocillin
      and to the other antibacterial preparations available in our country. It was
      established that 52,7% of Gram-negative microorganisms were susceptible to the
      preparation, and over 80%--of the Gram-positive microorganisms. The highest
      number of susceptible strains were established in pseudomonas, coli,
      enterobacter, klebsiella and proteus. The results from the clinical study reveal
      that 51,2% of the patients were cured by the end of the therapeutic course and
      abatement or considerable improvement, was observed in all, of the clinical and
      paraclinical indices, suggesting urological infection. No allergic or toxic
      manifestations were observed. The absence of nephrotoxicity makes that new, for
      our practice, antibiotic extremely valuable for the patients with renal
      insufficiency. The most general conclusion from that study is that azlocillin,
      with its effectiveness, comes close to the most potent modern antibacterial
      preparations, with no toxicity characteristic for aminoglucoside antibiotics.

PMID- 4024610
TI  - [Scintigraphic study of the kidneys with a 99m Tc-ascorbic complex in chronic
      pyelonephritis patients].
AB  - A scintigraphic study of the kidneys was carried out in 1780 patients with
      chronic pyelonephritis: 1308 with calculous and 472 with acalculous
      pyelonephritis. The scintigraphic finding was interpreted for each kidney
      separately. Diffuse damages of renal parenchyma was most often observed (47,6%),
      being, in the majority of the cases--bilateral. Disturbed drainage was
      established in 13,2%, dysfunction of one of the kidneys--in 18,8% and focal
      disturbed structure--in 5,4% of the kidneys studied. The results from the
      scintigraphic study were juxtaposed to the clinic of the disease and the data
      from laboratory and X-ray investigations. The scintigraphic study of the kidneys
      with 99m Tc-ascorbic complex is easy to perform, well tolerated by the patients,
      non-invasive method with no special risks, with minimal irradiation loading.
      Scintigraphy provides valuable information to the clinicians about the
      functional, structural and drainage disorders in the kidneys of patients with
      chronic pyelonephritis, allowing the control of the evolution of the disease and
      the effect of the treatment.

PMID- 4024611
TI  - [Mycoplasma as the causative agent of kidney infections].
AB  - A total of 185 patients were investigated for M. hominis and mycoplasmal
      infection was established in 28 patients. In 2 of the patients mixed infection
      with E. coli was established and I with Staphylococcus aureus. Fifteen had
      pyelonephritis and 6--arterial hypertension, without positive data for
      pyelonephritis. The patients were treated with gentamycin and tetracycline
      according to the data of antibiograms of the isolated microorganisms. The
      criteria for admittance of the presence of mycoplasmal pyelonephritis are
      discussed.

PMID- 4024612
TI  - [Combined acute myocardial infarct and pulmonary thromboembolism with fatal
      outcome].
AB  - A retrospective clinical and pathologicoanatomic analysis was made of 37 patients
      with the combination of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and pulmonary
      thromboembolism (PTE), that had a lethal end. The following facts were
      established: The combination of AMI with PTE is established in 7.89% in AMI. All
      patients have several preconditioning factors for PTE, advanced age including.
      PTE advances usually in extensive anterior and anterior-posterior myocardial
      infarction, complicated with cardiac insufficiency. In rare cases, a reverse
      succession is likely--massive PTE with a following, most frequently posterior
      inferior AMI. The percentage of the undistinguished PTE in case of AMI is high-
      46%. The diagnosis of PTE in AMI is made, with a high probability, in acutely
      advancing respiratory distress, tachycardia (tachyarrhythmia, pulmonary
      hypertension, loading of right ventricle, arterial hypotension, phlebothrombosis
      in the absence of data for extension of the myocardial infarction. ECG,
      roentgenography, laboratory investigations do not essentially improve the
      possibilities of making the diagnosis of PTE in AMI.

PMID- 4024613
TI  - [Symptoms of defects in the interrupted development of the bronchopulmonary
      system].
AB  - On the base of the anamnestic clinical characteristic of 181 undergone operations
      with heart defects with stopped development of broncho-pulmonary system, its
      discussion is presented. The symptoms cough, expectoration, pain in the
      respective hemithorax, hemoptysis, etc. are discussed. Every patient with
      clinical diagnosis "chronic bronchitis" or "recurrent pneumonia" should be sent
      for thorough examination at qualified medical institution.

PMID- 4024614
TI  - [Changes in respiratory function, functional and true intrapulmonary shunts and
      acid-base state depending on the type of heart defect].
AB  - The respiratory disorders in various kinds of heart defects were studied in 226
      patients with acquired heart defects. The following indices were determined:
      external respiration, alveolar ventilation, alveolar-capillary diffusion,
      functional and real intrapulmonary shunts and acid-base state. The complex
      studies via numerous indices, juxtaposed in the separate defects, revealed
      various stages of manifestation of the respiratory disorders according to the
      kind of defect, at identical degree of cardiac insufficiency. The lightest proved
      to be the respiratory disorders in combined aortic defects and most manifested-
      in biaxial defects (mitral and aortic). In mitral defects with predominant
      stenosis, the respiratory disorders are better manifested as compared with those
      with predominant insufficiency, and for some of the indices--they are
      considerable.

PMID- 4024615
TI  - [Respiratory disorders in acquired heart valve defects with various degrees of
      heart failure].
AB  - The respiratory disorders with various degrees of cardiac insufficiency were
      studied in 226 patients with acquired heart defects. The indices characterizing
      the external respiration, alveolar ventilation, alveolar-capillary diffusion,
      functional and real intrapulmonary shunts and acid-base state were followed up.
      The results from the numerous indices followed up significantly express the
      progressive intensification of respiratory disorders with the advancement of
      cardiac insufficiency. In stage I of cardiac insufficiency, prior to the
      manifestation of clinical signs of pulmonary stasis, distinct disturbances were
      established in DLCO, Qs/Qt, PaO2, which, to a great extent, characterize the
      early respiratory disorders and have a definite importance for the diagnostic and
      therapeutic behaviour. Most severe are the functional disorders in respiratory
      system in stage II B of cardiac insufficiency.

PMID- 4024616
TI  - [Our experience with the Impact 400 automatic analyzer in determining enzymes and
      substrates].

PMID- 4024617
TI  - [2 cases of legionellosis in Greek citizens].
AB  - Two cases of legionella pneumonia are reported in Greek citizens, treated at the
      Institute for Treatment of Foreigners--Medical Academy, Sofia. The patients
      mentioned are with grave basic diseases--pulmonary carcinoma. In one of them
      pneumonia was with a lethal end in spite of the adequate antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 4024618
TI  - [Small intestine perfusion. The authors' own method for the simultaneous
      performance of biopsy and perfusion of the human small intestine].
AB  - The analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the technique and principles of
      the methods of small intestinal perfusion, used by various authors in the studies
      on resorption processes, provided grounds the authors to develop their own
      method. The system for infusion and aspiration by a combined probe is described.
      Details about the composition of perfusion solution, the technique of the study
      and calculation of resorption rate are reported. The advantages of the method are
      as follows: simultaneous performance of small intestinal glucose perfusion and
      biopsy of small intestine, good tolerance by the patients and availability of the
      elements needed for the construction of the probe and system for infusion and
      aspiration. The mean glucose resorption rate was 814,07 mumol/min/30 cm in 9
      subjects with no small intestinal diseases and with normal histomorphological
      picture of small intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 4024620
TI  - [Microbial spectrum in chronic pyelonephritis and the drug sensitivity of the
      microorganisms].
AB  - The authors studied the etiological spectrum of 226 patients with chronic
      pyelonephritis, with 926 microbic strains isolated from the urocultures. The most
      frequent microbic causative agents were E. coli (40,82%), Proteus (a total of
      17,82%), Enterobacter (8,86%), Klebsiella (8,64%), Pseudomonas (6,16%),
      Enterococcus (5,94%). The drug susceptibility of the majority of the isolated
      gram-negative microorganisms versus ampicillin and chloramphenicol, widely used
      in out-patient department practice, is relatively low. An important condition for
      the effectiveness of the treatment is the consideration given to the
      susceptibility of the microbic strains, isolated from the uroculture.

PMID- 4024619
TI  - [Parallel morphological and functional research on chronic enterocolitis patients
      using the authors' own method for the simultaneous performance of perfusion and
      biopsy of the small intestine].
AB  - Thirty two patients were studied with chronic enterocolitis and 9 patients
      without any small intestinal diseases, with normal histomorphological picture of
      small intestinal mucosa--control group. The method of simultaneous performance of
      perfusion and biopsy of small intestine was used. Glucose resorption rate in
      small intestine was studied and histomorphological, electron--microscopic and
      enzymologic (disaccharidases) studies were carried out on jejunal mucosa. Data
      about chronic enterocolitis without atrophy were established in 17 patients, in
      10--initial partial atrophy, in 5--advanced partial and subtotal atrophy of
      jejunal mucosa. Reduced glucose resorption rate was established in small
      intestine in the patients with chronic enterocolitis as compared with that of the
      control group. Glucose resorption rate correlates with the severity of the
      histomorphological changes in small intestinal mucosa. Disturbed resorption rate
      was established via jejuno--perfusion in patients with clinically not manifested
      syndrome of malresorption and absence of histomorphological changes in small
      intestinal mucosa, but with established ultrastructural changes in enterocytes.

PMID- 4024621
TI  - [Causative agents of urologic infections and their sensitivity to the most
      frequently used antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents (data from the Clinic for
      the Therapy of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology for 1984)].
AB  - The causative agents of uroinfections were studied among the patients at the
      Clinic of therapy of internal diseases and clinical pharmacology during 1984.
      Significant bacteriuria was established in 279 out of 485 patients, with 1475
      urine inoculations performed, 14 with mixed flora. The highest is the share of E.
      coli--50,5 per cent, followed by Proteus--25,7 per cent. No essential change was
      established in the microbiological spectrum of the causative agents of
      uroinfections as compared with that from 1961-1970. Good susceptibility was
      established to ampicillin but only of Enterococcus, to chloramphenicol of E.
      coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter. The susceptibility of all microorganisms to
      gentamycin and nalidixic acid was very good. The susceptibility to doxycycline
      was poor. The treatment is recommended only after precise microbiological study.

PMID- 4024622
TI  - [Epidemiology of myocardial infarct in the region of Polyclinic XXIII].

PMID- 4024623
TI  - [Outpatient polyclinic rehabilitation of patients who have had a myocardial
      infarct].
AB  - Rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction has been organized at
      polyclinical conditions. Forty four patients, aged from 30 to 56, with a duration
      of the infarction--3-4 months, in a good somatic state and no complications at
      present, were rehabilitated. The rehabilitation programme was conducted daily for
      one month with respective tests of loading. As a result, 52,3 per cent of the
      total number of patients, have completely restored their capacity for work and-
      back to their previous labour activity, 34.I per cent were transferred to
      facilitated labour conditions and only 13,6 per cent were permanently disabled.
      The last are with rhythm disorders and residual angina pectosis. The
      rehabilitation period lasted from 6 to 12 months since the onset of infarction.
      Our data confirm the adequacy and necessity of proper rehabilitation measures
      under polyclinical conditions.

PMID- 4024624
TI  - [Clinical and echocardiographic symptoms of mitral valve rupture].
AB  - The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and predicting accuracy of the various
      alterations, established by one-dimensional echocardiography (M-EchoC) were
      determined in 23 patients with rupture of mitral chordae. The diagnosis of mitral
      insufficiency, resulting from chordal rupture was confirmed at operation, with
      angiocardiography and/or bi-dimensional echocardiography. Almost all MEchoC
      alterations were with a relatively low sensitivity (10-50%), high specificity (60
      100%) and moderately high predicting accuracy (50-80%). Of more essential
      diagnostic significance--moderate sensitivity and high specificity with high
      predictive accuracy, are the following alterations: systolic fibrillation of
      mitral valve, diastolic fibrillation of mitral valvular cusps, paradoxical
      (chaotic) movement of posterior mitral cusp during diastole. Very little
      sensitivity (10%) but with high specificity (100%) was established in
      pathological systolic echoes in the cavity of left auricle. In the majority of
      the cases, the rupture of mitral chordae induced grave mitral regurgitation,
      conditioning the various stages of cardiac insufficiency. Relatively rare is the
      light to moderately grave mitral regurgitation with stable hemodynamics and
      preserved functional capacity.

PMID- 4024625
TI  - [Treatment of essential hypertension (hypertensive disease) with verapamil and
      hydrochlorothiazide].
AB  - Thirty two patients with essential hypertension, stage I and II according to WHO
      classification, were treated according to the following schedule: period A--3 X 1
      dragee placebo--3 weeks; period B--3 X 1 dragee placebo + 25 mg
      hydrochlorothiazide in the morning--6 weeks; period C--3 X 1 dragee isoptin 80 mg
      + 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide in the morning--6 weeks; period D--3 X 1 dragee
      placebo--2 weeks. Significant decrease of systolic and diastolic arterial
      pressure was established during period B as compared with period. A. The addition
      of isoptin to the treatment during period C led to additional reduction of
      arterial pressure, with no manifestations of severe adverse effects, as observed
      in 15,6 per cent of the treated patients. The treatment of essential hypertension
      with isoptin and esidrex is effective and well tolerated with no reciprocal
      potentiation of the adverse effects of the two preparations, broadening the
      possibility of successful treatment of essential hypertension.

PMID- 4024626
TI  - [Deformations in the shape of the P wave--the frequency of the double-peak P wave
      in healthy persons and patients with atrial loading (studied with ECG and
      orthogonal ECG systems)].

PMID- 4024627
TI  - [Clinical laboratory characteristics of croupous pneumonia in recent years (based
      on data from the N. I. Pirogov Institute (RNPISMP) for 1980-1984)].
AB  - The results from retrospective clinical-laboratory study of 110 patients are
      reported, discharged with the final clinical diagnosis--croupous pneumonia, from
      the clinics of internal secretion of the institute for the period 1980 to 1984
      including. It was established that the disease has become, in the last several
      years, more frequent, affecting younger subjects, with a predomination of males;
      the cases with sudden onset, occurring in younger people, have been reduced. In
      1/4 of the cases bilateral involvement of the lungs by the disease was observed
      but at the same time, only several segments were very often involved and not the
      whole lobe; in about 1/3 of the cases, pleura was also involved. No cases with
      leukopenia were reported and leukocytosis was established in about 2/3 of the
      patients; shifting to the left is a more frequent sign of the disease as compared
      with leukocytosis.

PMID- 4024628
TI  - [Immunoglobulins and diabetic microangiopathy].
AB  - Blood level of immunoglobulins A, M and G were studied in 166 diabetics with
      present or absent microangiopathy. Regardless of the significant elevation of IgA
      and IgG, for the whole group, reduction of IgM respectively, no significant
      difference was established in their level among the subgroup with present or
      absent retino- and nephropathy as well as among those with proliferative and non
      proliferative retinopathy.

PMID- 4024629
TI  - International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances.

PMID- 4024630
TI  - Proceedings of the Commonwealth Caribbean Medical Research Council, 30th
      scientific meeting. Kingstown, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, April 24-27, 1985.

PMID- 4024631
TI  - American visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar).
AB  - Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) is an important cause of morbidity and
      mortality in widely scattered areas of the world. To better characterize the
      South American form of the disease, the clinical and laboratory manifestations of
      29 patients admitted to hospital (18 male and 11 female patients, mean age 4.9
      years), were assessed in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil. Fever, weight
      loss, pronounced splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, relative
      neutropenia, hypoalbuminemia and hypergammaglobulinemia were found in the
      majority of patients. Symptoms were often present for two or more months before
      diagnosis. Secondary infections complicated many cases; there were ten cases of
      pneumonia and half of the patients had one or more intestinal parasites. The
      average length of hospital stay was 27 days; all patients were treated with
      meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime). The mortality rate was 3%. American visceral
      leishmaniasis remains an important disease among children living in endemic
      areas.

PMID- 4024632
TI  - Computed tomography in cases of coccidioidal meningitis, with clinical
      correlation.
AB  - Cranial computed tomographic (CT) scans of 22 patients with coccidioidal
      meningitis were reviewed and their clinical course was analyzed. Abnormalities of
      the ventricular system or the basilar cisterns or both were present in 16
      instances. Although it is not a definitive diagnostic tool, the CT scan is
      helpful in suggesting a diagnosis of coccidioidal meningitis and in predicting
      the prognosis of patients affected by the disease.

PMID- 4024634
TI  - Stress and medical training.

PMID- 4024633
TI  - Managing patients who have myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 4024635
TI  - Neurological paraneoplastic syndromes.

PMID- 4024636
TI  - Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma with a pituitary stalk lesion.

PMID- 4024637
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma presenting as homogeneous pulmonary infiltrates in a patient
      with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4024638
TI  - Management of stroke.

PMID- 4024639
TI  - Type II diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4024640
TI  - Cinnamon oil burn.

PMID- 4024641
TI  - Protective helmets for infants and children on bicycles.

PMID- 4024642
TI  - 'Baby Doe'--a medical ethical issue.

PMID- 4024643
TI  - Outpatient treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease--a practitioner's
      guide.

PMID- 4024644
TI  - [Letters of discharge from a University Department of Medicine. Attempt at an
      analysis of their contents].
AB  - 498 discharge letters, written by physicians at the Second Department of
      Medicine, University of Vienna were subjected to the following content analysis:
      procedures employed to reach a diagnostic result, length and preferred content of
      letters, delay between discharge of patient and posting of letter and
      relationship between pragmatic versus knowledge-oriented concepts. Routine
      hospital diagnostic procedures achieved a marked increase in accuracy in terms of
      medical diagnosis over initial admittance diagnosis. Enlarged diagnostic
      evaluation mostly occurred due to the assistance of X-rays. Letters addressed to
      general practitioners were longer and contained more assessment of the patient's
      condition than letters to specialists. Letters on average left the hospital 30
      days after the patient's discharge.

PMID- 4024645
TI  - [DSM III personality diagnosis in a group of chronic offenders].
AB  - A group of chronic offenders (n = 44) was investigated and their personality
      disorders coded according to two different methods, namely the ICD 9
      (International Classification of Diseases 9) and the American DSM III (Diagnostic
      and Statistical Manual III). The total number of personality disorders diagnosed
      by DSM III was less than by ICD 9. This cannot be attributed only to the fact
      that according to DSM III cyclothymic disorders do not have a direct correlate in
      axis II-personality disorders, but are, instead, assigned to the group of
      affective disorders. The majority of persons in whom the diagnosis of cyclothymic
      personality disorders was made on ICD 9 were rated as having one of the
      "extroverted personality disorders" in DSM III. If the personality disorders are
      combined to form three groups - (a) eccentric (close to psychoses), (b)
      extroverted and (c) introverted - then the overall correlation between ICD 9 and
      DSM III is considerable. The DSM III system promises a higher reliability due to
      the existence of criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The diagnosis "borderline
      personality disorder" was compared with the DIB Gunderson interview (kappa 0.89).
      In the international classification DSM III borderline personality disorder was
      equivalent to a diagnosis of cyclothymic, irritable, hysteric or sociopathic
      personality disorder.

PMID- 4024646
TI  - [Our experiences with percutaneous litholapaxy].
AB  - Percutaneous litholapaxy is a non-invasive method in the surgery of kidney
      stones. We prefer the one-step-proceeding--the punction, the dilatation and the
      intrarenal instrumentation in one session. With this method in 24 cases we have
      dislocated 9 pelvic-stones, 13 calix-stones and 3 upper ureteral stones which
      could not remove themselves. Postoperative 4 patients had small residual-stones,
      2 of them removed spontaneously without colics still in time of the
      hospitalization. Thinking of the minimal morbidity and invasiveness we mean, we
      can recommend the percutaneous stone-removing to our patients with
      nephrolithiasis after an exact exploration in the future, too.

PMID- 4024647
TI  - [Ventriculo-cardiac shunt in an adult with a fatal complication: diagnostic and
      therapeutic aspects. Case report].
AB  - A 29-year-old patient with a Pudenz-Heyer-shunt was assigned to examination
      because of exercise-induced dyspnea after 10 years of uncomplicated follow-up.
      Echocardiography established the diagnosis of advanced cor pulmonale, the cause
      being multiple pulmonary embolism produced by thrombotic layers on the shunt
      tube. During anticoagulant therapy right heart decompensation with fatal outcome
      occurred.

PMID- 4024648
TI  - [Neurogenic bladder emptying disorder. History and clinical studies].
AB  - History and clinical examination in patients with neurogenic bladders reveal a
      lot of facts which postpone misinterpretation of urodynamic results and save time
      in diagnosing neurogenic disorders. They are under-stood as signs on the way to a
      clear and exact diagnosis.

PMID- 4024649
TI  - [Organic psychosyndrome with and without lithium therapy].
AB  - After two years of treatment with Lithium-salts we did not find organic brain
      syndrome. Lithium treated patients have improved in thinking, concentration, the
      short-time memory, attention and conception. Control group did not have this
      improvement. Lithium-treated patients seemed to have more self-confidence, more
      flexibility and are able to master problems in a better way. Control group
      patients were more dependent on their moods and therefore did not improve in
      efficiency.

PMID- 4024650
TI  - Health needs of women as they age.

PMID- 4024651
TI  - Psychological aspects of aging in women.
AB  - Older women are forced to cope with many societal myths and negative stereotypes.
      This paper reviews the influence of these stereotypes as well as some of the
      other psychological concerns of women who are aging. Losses such as widowhood and
      divorce as well as the problem of loneliness are discussed.

PMID- 4024652
TI  - Alzheimer's disease: a practical, psychological approach.
AB  - Alzheimer's Disease affects approximately two million people. It is a crippling,
      organic brain disorder that causes loss of recent memory, intellectual
      deterioration, unpredictable behavioral changes, and personality deterioration.
      The fourth leading cause of death among the elderly, it also affects younger
      people. The disease has two victims, the Alzheimer patient and the caregiver.
      Caregivers often experience shame, embarrassment, denial, frustration, anger,
      depression, and guilt as they care for an Alzheimer patient. This paper provides
      information about the disease and it's manifestations, along with practical
      suggestions to help both the Alzheimer patient and the caregiver.

PMID- 4024653
TI  - Hypertension in women: progress and unsolved problems.
AB  - Hypertension is the most common cause of increased risk for heart and vascular
      disease in the adult population. Both men and women are at risk for hypertension
      and both benefit from anti-hypertensive therapy. However, hypertension tends to
      be less prevalent in women and is better tolerated; hypertensive women have fewer
      strokes and heart attacks than do hypertensive men. Women may develop reversible
      hypertension due to use of birth control pills. Another form of curable secondary
      hypertension, renal artery stenosis caused by fibromuscular dysplasia, is much
      more frequent in young women than men. Antihypertensive drug treatment for severe
      hypertension benefits both sexes, although clinical trials establishing this have
      been conducted only in men. There is no proof that white women with mild
      hypertension benefit from antihypertensive drug therapy. Non-drug approaches
      including weight reduction, change in diet, and exercise may be equally
      beneficial.

PMID- 4024654
TI  - Blue book 1985.

PMID- 4024655
TI  - Fluoride and bone: an unusual hypothesis.
AB  - Given the total body weight, the weight of the skeleton and the proportion of
      minerals in the skeleton, a simple formula can be used to estimate the
      accumulation of fluoride in the skeleton over periods of years. It would appear
      that daily intakes of fluoride considered beneficial to developing teeth may, if
      ingested throughout adult life, lead to skeletal fluorosis of varying degrees in
      a significant proportion of the population. To date, the accumulation of fluoride
      in the skeleton seems to have been ignored as a possible aetiological factor in
      certain metabolic bone disorders now common in the middle-aged and elderly. The
      unusual hypothesis put forward in this paper suggests that a daily intake of
      fluoride derived from a multiplicity of sources, and which is now generally
      considered as 'safe', may in fact be potentially harmful over long periods of
      time.

PMID- 4024656
TI  - Distribution of cysteine conjugate beta-lyase in gastrointestinal bacteria and in
      the environment.
AB  - A cysteine conjugate beta-lyase was detected in 24 of 43 gastrointestinal
      bacteria tested, and from mixed populations of bacteria obtained from lake, river
      and soil samples. These bacterial cysteine conjugate beta-lyases catalyse the
      cleavage of the thioether linkage of both an S-alkyl- and an S-aryl-linked
      cysteine conjugate (2-S-cysteinyl-N-isopropylacetanilide (cysteine conjugate of
      propachlor) and S-(2-benzothiazolylcysteine), respectively). A cysteine conjugate
      beta-lyase was isolated from Eubacterium limosum at levels at least 16-fold
      greater than those from any other gastrointestinal bacterial tested. This enzymic
      activity was present from the late lag phase through the stationary phase of
      growth of the bacteria. Maximum activity occurred in the mid log phase. A
      cysteine conjugate beta-lyase isolated from animal and plant tissues cleaved only
      the S-aryl-linked cysteine conjugate (S-(2-benzothiazolyl)cysteine) and generally
      had less enzymic activity than enzymes isolated from the bacteria. Glutathione-S
      transferase activity was not detected in the 43 gastrointestinal bacteria tested,
      except for a low level (0.6 nmol/min per mg) of activity in Escherichia coli. No
      S-methyl transferase activity was detected in the gastrointestinal bacteria or
      mixed populations of bacteria tested.

PMID- 4024657
TI  - trans,trans-Muconic acid, an open-chain urinary metabolite of benzene in mice.
      Quantification by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive h.p.l.c. method is described which separated urinary metabolites from
      benzene-treated male CD-1 mice. Phenol, trans,trans-muconic acid and quinol in
      the 48 h urine accounted, respectively, for 12.8-22.8, 1.8-4.7 and 1.5-3.7% of
      the orally administered single dose of benzene (880, 440 and 220 mg/kg body wt.).
      Catechol occurred in trace amounts. Ascorbic acid was used to adjust urine pH and
      increase the extraction efficiency of metabolites, especially muconic acid. It
      allowed an accurate estimation of quinol by preventing its auto-oxidation.
      trans,trans-Muconic acid was identified and was unique to benzene as none was
      detected in urine of mice dosed orally with phenol, catechol or quinol (250, 150
      and 200 mg/kg, respectively). The potential existence of a toxic benzene
      metabolite in the form of an aldehyde precursor of muconic acid in vivo is
      discussed.

PMID- 4024658
TI  - Oxidative metabolism of carbazeran in vitro by liver cytosol of baboon and man.
AB  - The metabolism of carbazeran has been investigated in vitro using liver cytosol
      from dog, baboon and man. Carbazeran was not metabolized in cytosol prepared from
      dog liver but was rapidly metabolized to a single product in baboon- and human
      liver cytosol. The product was identified as 4-hydroxy carbazeran. The enzyme
      responsible for the 4-hydroxylation of carbazeran in vitro was shown by the use
      of inhibitors to be liver aldehyde oxidase. Species differences in the metabolism
      of carbazeran in vitro correlate well with studies in vivo; these showed that
      following an oral dose to man and baboon, the compound was almost completely
      cleared via pre-systemic 4-hydroxylation, whereas in the dog, this metabolic
      route appeared unimportant.

PMID- 4024659
TI  - Effect of promethazine and isosafrole on rat-hepatic microsomal mono-oxygenase
      activity: comparison with classic inducers phenobarbitone and beta
      naphthoflavone.
AB  - The characteristics of induction of rat-hepatic microsomal mono-oxygenase
      activity by promethazine and isosafrole have been investigated and compared with
      the classic inducers phenobarbitone and beta-naphthoflavone. Both promethazine
      and isosafrole pretreatments result in increased cytochromes P-450, and enhanced
      NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, dichloronitroanisole O
      demethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase
      activity. Isosafrole but not promethazine increased the liver to body weight
      ratio. It is concluded that promethazine and isosafrole pretreatment produces an
      induction of the rat-hepatic microsomal mono-oxygenase system which shows both
      phenobarbitone- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-type characteristics.

PMID- 4024660
TI  - Excretion and metabolism of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in man.
AB  - Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) taken orally by two volunteers (30 mg each) was
      excreted in the urine to the extent of 11 and 15% of dose. After enzymic
      hydrolysis the urinary metabolites (derivatives of mono (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate)
      were methylated and identified by g.l.c.-mass spectrometry (C.I.), and the
      quantitative distribution of conjugated and free metabolites determined. DEHP
      taken by the same volunteers over a period of four days at doses of 10 mg daily
      gave no evidence of accumulation; 15 and 25% of the total dose was recovered in
      the urine.

PMID- 4024661
TI  - The inhibition of bacterial bioluminescence by xenobiotics.
AB  - The effect of various xenobiotic substrates of microsomal cytochrome P-450,
      including dimethylaniline, ethylmorphine, hexabarbital and aminopyrine, on the
      bioluminescence of the bacteria Vibrio fischeri and the bacterial luciferase
      mixed-function oxidase system is described. These compounds are effective
      inhibitors of the luminescence reaction. The inhibition provided evidence for the
      competitive nature of the interactions between xenobiotics and an aliphatic
      aldehyde, which is a substrate of bacterial luciferase, at the binding site for
      cytochrome P-450. The bioluminescence method is suitable for the analysis of
      metabolism and detoxication of various xenobiotics.

PMID- 4024662
TI  - Metabolism of ethylbenzene in the rat during long-term intermittent inhalation
      exposure.
AB  - After exposure of rats to atmospheres of 50, 300 or 600 p.p.m. ethylbenzene six
      hours/day, five days/week, for a max. of 16 weeks, the concn. of ethylbenzene in
      perirenal fat and the urinary excretion of 1-phenylethanol, omega
      hydroxyacetophenone, mandelic, phenylglyoxylic, hippuric and phenaceturic acids
      were measured at the second, fifth and ninth weeks. Excretion of metabolites into
      urine increased in a dose-related manner, but less than linearly. The level of
      exposure, but not the duration of exposure, markedly affected the pattern of the
      metabolites in the urine. The concn. of ethylbenzene in perirenal fat was low at
      50 p.p.m., high at 300 p.p.m. and higher still at 600 p.p.m., but not in
      proportion to the increased dose.

PMID- 4024663
TI  - Disposition in the rat of buprenorphine administered parenterally and as a
      subcutaneous implant.
AB  - Disposition of [15, 16(n)-3H]buprenorphine in the rat has been investigated after
      a single 0.2 mg/kg i.v. bolus dose and continuous administration via a s.c.
      implantable long-acting delivery system. After the i.v. injection, the tri
      exponential decay of drug from brain occurred with t1/2 values of 0.6, 2.3 and
      7.2 h, respectively (plasma t1/2 0.5, 1.4 h, third phase not estimated due to
      sustained concn.) Decay of drug from another high-affinity binding site in brain
      occurred with t1/2 values of 1.1 and 68.7 h, respectively. Fat and lung had
      higher concn. than other tissues and plasma. No metabolites of drug were detected
      in brain. Unmetabolized drug excreted in urine and faeces one week after i.v.
      injection were 1.9 and 22.4% of dose, respectively, and 92% of the dose was
      accounted for in one week. Urinary metabolites (%) were: conjugated buprenorphine
      0.9; norbuprenorphine (free 9.4, conjugated 5.2); tentative 6-O
      desmethylnorbuprenorphine (free 5.4, conjugated 15.9). Peak plasma concn. of
      buprenorphine occurred four weeks after s.c. implantation of a long-acting 10 mg
      3H-buprenorphine pellet, and apparent dissociation half-lives of drug from low-
      and high-affinity binding sites in brain were 4.6 and 6.8 weeks, respectively.
      Fat, spleen and skeletal muscle had higher concn. than other tissues and plasma.
      No significant difference in brain morphine concn. was observed in placebo and
      nonlabelled buprenorphine-pelleted animals after a 2 mg/kg i.v. challenge dose of
      3H-morphine. This study emphasizes the importance of high-affinity binding of
      buprenorphine in brain and subsequent slow dissociation as a prime factor in its
      prolonged agonist/antagonist effects and higher potency than other narcotic
      agonists.

PMID- 4024664
TI  - Biochemical and morphological effects of long-term inhalation exposure of rats to
      ethylbenzene.
AB  - Male Wistar rats were exposed (six hours/day, five days/week) to 0, 50, 300 or
      600 p.p.m. of ethylbenzene vapour in the air, and killed after 2, 5, 9 or 16
      weeks of exposure. After 600 p.p.m., liver-microsomal protein but not cytochrome
      P-450 concn. was slightly increased; NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was increased
      maximally by 30% (1.3-fold), 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (1.8-fold) and UDPG
      transferase (2.3-fold). The increase in liver-cytosolic D-glucuronolactone
      dehydrogenase paralleled the glucuronidation activity (less than or equal to 2
      fold). In the kidneys, only 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (less than or equal to
      3.5-fold) and UDPG-transferase (less than or equal to 1.8-fold) showed dose
      related increases. Ethylbenzene exposure did not deplete hepatic glutathione
      (GSH); kidney GSH was slightly increased (less than or equal to 1.3-fold)
      according to dose. Urine excretion of thioethers was increased with dose, and at
      600 p.p.m. was eight times control levels. At 600 p.p.m. there was no increase in
      serum alanine aminotransferase activity, and liver cells showed slight
      proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, slight degranulation and splitting
      of rough endoplasmic reticulum and enlarged mitochondria, but no necrosis.

PMID- 4024665
TI  - Phenolic metabolites of thioridazine in man.
AB  - After oral administration of thioridazine or mesoridazine to man, faecal extracts
      contained mainly unconjugated 7-hydroxy-thioridazine and its demethylated
      analogue, together with some 3-hydroxy-thioridazine, and 7-hydroxy derivatives of
      sulphoridazine and desmethyl sulphoridazine. In contrast, urine contained free 7
      hydroxy-mesoridazine, and no free 7-hydroxy-thioridazine was detectable.
      Conjugates of all these phenols were also found. After oral sulphoridazine
      administration (thioridazine side-chain sulphone), urine contained mainly 7
      hydroxy-sulphoridazine and faeces both 7-hydroxy-sulphoridazine and its desmethyl
      analogue. Sulphoridazine metabolism is therefore much simpler than that of
      thioridazine. This different elimination pattern in faeces and urine may be due
      to reduction of sulphoxides but not sulphones by intestinal bacteria.

PMID- 4024666
TI  - Further studies of trans-sobrerol metabolism: rat, dog and human urine.
AB  - The urinary metabolites of d, l-trans-sobrerol were investigated after oral
      administration to rats, dogs and humans. Structural analysis of the urinary
      metabolites indicates that allylic hydroxylation, oxidation and glucuronylation
      are the common interspecies modes of trans-sobrerol biotransformation. Comparison
      of the findings of trans-sobrerol with previous investigations of cyclic
      monoterpenes shows similarities in their metabolism in vivo, including the
      resistance to oxidation of the cyclic trisubstituted double bond.

PMID- 4024667
TI  - Fast-atom bombardment and electron-impact mass spectrometry of N
      hydroxyarylamines, active intermediates of mutagenic aromatic amines.
AB  - Thermally labile N-hydroxyarylamines, which are the active metabolites of
      carcinogenic/mutagenic aromatic amines and show potent direct mutagenicity, were
      studied by fast-atom bombardment (F.A.B.) mass spectrometry and electron-impact
      (E.I.) mass spectrometry. The protonated molecular ion [M + H]+ and the molecular
      ion [M]+ were observed at high intensity in the F.A.B. mode. The fragment ions
      corresponding to [M + H-16]+, [M + H-17]+ and [M-16]+, [M-17]+, [M + H-32]+ and
      [M-32]+ were also observed characteristically. The quasimolecular ion peaks were
      shifted up by the numbers of active hydrogens in molecules after the hydrogen
      deuterium exchange with [hydroxy--2H3]glycerol and 2H2O. The formation of the
      ions continued stably throughout the period of measurement, and the decomposition
      of the samples did not occur in the F.A.B. ion source, compared with the E.I.
      mode. Hence, it is suggested that the F.A.B. technique is useful for the analysis
      of the heat-labile toxicologically important N-hydroxyarylamines.

PMID- 4024668
TI  - Ligand-complex formation between cytochromes P-450 and P-448 and
      methylenedioxyphenyl compounds.
AB  - The formation of ligand complexes between hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and
      safrole, isosafrole and other methylenedioxyphenyl compounds was studied in vivo
      and in vitro in rats pretreated with either phenobarbital or 3
      methylcholanthrene. Both the phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450 and the 3
      methylcholanthrene-induced cytochrome P-448 metabolically convert safrole,
      isosafrole, and those metabolites possessing an intact methylenedioxy group, to
      reactive metabolites which then interact with the cytochromes to form ligand
      complexes. Formation of these ligand complexes was accompanied by loss of mixed
      function oxidase activities, and dissociation of the complexes with the type I
      substrate biphenyl restored activities. Safrole and, to a lesser extent, 1'
      hydroxysafrole formed complexes in vivo when administered to phenobarbital
      pretreated rats; none was obtained with epoxysafrole. However, when administered
      to 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated animals all three compounds formed complexes,
      safrole being the least effective. Epoxysafrole and 1'-hydroxysafrole
      administered to phenobarbital-pretreated rats resulted in slight inhibition of
      the type I binding of safrole to liver microsomal P-450 in vitro; in contrast,
      with 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated animals marked competitive inhibition was
      observed. This study shows that oxidation of the allyl chain of safrole analogues
      enhances their affinity for cytochrome P-448, but not for cytochrome P-450, and
      further demonstrates that these cytochromes possess distinctly different binding
      sites.

PMID- 4024669
TI  - Metabolic studies of a podophyllotoxin derivative (VP16) in the isolated perfused
      liver.
AB  - The metabolism of VP16 was studied in isolated perfused rat liver. The rate of
      elimination into the medium and excretion in bile were determined by h.p.l.c.
      with u.v. detection. With high VP16 concentrations (180 micrograms/ml medium),
      the elimination half-life of the compound was prolonged markedly (156 v. 45 min
      for lower doses), the percentage recovered in bile was more than halved and drug
      accumulation in the hepatic tissue was three times greater. These findings
      indicate saturation of metabolism and of biliary elimination during high-dose
      treatment. The presence of glucuronides in the bile of VP16 perfused livers
      indicates that VP16 undergoes conjugation with glucuronic acid. Formation of
      picro isomer of VP16 in the liver also occurs.

PMID- 4024670
TI  - Spectral and inhibitory interactions of methylenedioxyphenyl and related
      compounds with purified isozymes of cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Spectral and inhibitory interactions of two methylenedioxyphenyl (MDP) compounds
      (dihydrosafrole (DHS) and 4,5-dichloro-1,2-methylenedioxybenzene (DCMB] and 4-n
      butyl dioxolane (BD) were studied in vitro in reconstituted systems incorporating
      cytochromes P-450b and P-450c, purified respectively from hepatic microsomes of
      phenobarbital (PB)- and beta-naphthoflavone (beta NF)-treated rats. In NADPH
      fortified reconstituted systems containing P-450b, DHS yielded a stable type III
      spectral complex with peaks at 428 and 458 nm; a complex with a single 456 nm
      peak was formed in systems containing cytochrome P-450c. DCMB formed unstable 456
      458 nm spectral complexes with both isozymes, and BD generated an unstable
      complex with a single Soret peak near 428 nm with cytochrome P-450b; no spectral
      interaction occurred between BD and cytochrome P-450c. Carbon monoxide was formed
      in incubations of DCMB with both isozymes but was not observed with either DHS or
      BD. Marked selectivity was observed in the ability of the test compounds to
      inhibit selected mono-oxygenase reactions in the reconstituted systems. Thus,
      while DHS was an effective inhibitor of cytochrome P-450b-mediated ethoxycoumarin
      O-deethylase (ECD), it failed to inhibit aldrin epoxidase (AE) in the same
      system; DCMB and BD inhibited both of these reactions. In reconstituted systems
      incorporating cytochrome P-450c, DHS and DCMB, but not BD, were effective
      inhibitors of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (ERD) activity but none of the
      compounds showed any inhibitory activity towards aryl hydrocarbon
      (benzo[alpha]pyrene)hydrolase (AHH) activity. The results indicate that
      metabolite complex formation with cytochrome P-450 is not the sole criterion for
      inhibition of mono-oxygenase activity by MDP and related compounds, and that in
      some cases type I competitive interactions at the substrate binding sites may be
      the primary contributing factor.

PMID- 4024671
TI  - [Hormonal contraception and cancer risk].

PMID- 4024672
TI  - [Therapy of epicondylitis humeri].

PMID- 4024673
TI  - [Surgical and technical prerequisites for the rehabilitation of enterostoma
      wearers].

PMID- 4024674
TI  - [Recommendations for the evaluation and assessment of electrocardiograms of
      adolescents and adults. Short programmed course. 16. Partial program V:
      Interpretation, correlation and documentation].

PMID- 4024675
TI  - [Truth is all].

PMID- 4024676
TI  - [Infrared erythema].
AB  - This article deals with the immediate effect of infra-red (IR) irradiation on
      human skin. The cutaneous response to IR significantly differed from that to
      polychromatic UV rays. The IR erythema showed a reticular pattern and was
      monophasic. Minimal erythema (ME) appeared without latency and faded a few
      minutes later. Induction of IR-ME required a radiation doses about 15,000 times
      higher (187-295 J/m2) than was needed for UVB erythema. The maximum erythema also
      occurred immediately after exposure to IR and faded away within one to four
      hours. The response was biphasic in only one of 28 test persons. Histological
      studies revealed dilated vessels and perivascular accumulation of degranulated
      mast cells.

PMID- 4024677
TI  - [Effect of infrared radiation on the kinetics of the guinea pig's epidermis
      cells. Comparison with UV radiation effect].
AB  - In vivo exposition of guinea pig epidermal cells to infra-red irradiation (IR)
      led to significant, biphasic reduction of the proliferating activity after 6 h
      and 72 h. Not before 168 h after exposure, the proliferating activity rose above
      the normal rate. The quantitative alterations of DNA-proliferating cells went
      along with prolongation of the S-phase and the cell cycle. UV-irradiated cells
      react earlier by reduction of the DNA-proliferating activity directly followed by
      stages of hyperproliferation.

PMID- 4024678
TI  - [Budd-Chiari syndrome following dacarbazine therapy of malignant melanoma--an
      avoidable complication?].
AB  - A 51-year-old female patient died of Budd-Chiari syndrome during treatment with
      adjuvant DTIC mono-chemotherapy for malignant melanoma. We report on clinical
      course and laboratory findings in detail. Differentiating BCS from VOD, we
      describe the liver damages referring to the latest findings about the effect of
      DTIC in fibrinolysis. In order to prevent further lethal complications, we
      suggest to regard pre-existing liver damage as a contra-indication for DTIC
      therapy; to prefer intraspinal anesthesia for malignant melanoma of the lower
      extremities; to avoid hepatotoxic drugs and alcohol during chemotherapy; to
      protect DTIC from light; to extend the interval between first and second cycle.
      Laboratory data, the "finger-prints" of DTIC, are unreliable. Great attention
      should be paid to clinical findings which may justify immediate and high dose
      corticosteroid therapy as well as intensive care monitoring.

PMID- 4024679
TI  - [Simultaneous occurrence of metageria and Gottron's acrogeria in one family].
AB  - We report on a 17-year-old patient suffering from generalized mottled
      hyperpigmentation and multiple telangiectatic lesions of the skin. The
      subcutaneous fatty tissue was lacking or deficient. The patient showed a bird
      like face. The cutaneous changes had been present since birth. X-ray studies
      revealed acro-osteolysis of the hands and feet. The metabolic and endocrine data
      were within normal ranges except of latent hypothyroidism. The clinical picture
      presented all criteria of metageria. The patient's mother and sister showed
      similar cutaneous changes, however, restricted to the distal parts of the
      extremities. We diagnosed acrogeria Gottron. The incidence of both metageria and
      acrogeria in one family makes metageria as an independent entity doubtful.

PMID- 4024680
TI  - [Alcohol and fertility--from the andrological point of view].
AB  - We report on the present views on disturbances regarding spermatogenesis caused
      by chronic abuse of alcohol which still are partly based on findings from the
      year 1910. We are also presenting results of semen analysis in alcoholics. There
      is some evidence that alcohol-toxic damage of the testes may occur immediately.
      Regarding alcohol-toxic effects, we discuss some biochemical conceptions as there
      are the metabolism of Vitamin A and possible effects on the steroid reductases in
      particular. Our own studies have revealed some disturbances with regard to the
      gestagen metabolism of chronic alcoholics.

PMID- 4024681
TI  - [Physical principles of the Doppler echocardiography determination of heart
      minute volume].
AB  - By means of Doppler echocardiography to measure blood flow velocity in the aorta
      and echocardiographic imaging to measure vessel diameter cardiac output can be
      assessed noninvasively in selected patients. This paper presents the underlying
      physical principles and discusses resulting aspects of measurement and
      limitations of the technique.

PMID- 4024682
TI  - [Noninvasive determination of stroke volume with spectral Doppler
      echocardiography].
AB  - To assess the determination of volume flow by Doppler echokardiography 15
      patients were studied twice in intervals of 2 to 6 hours. Cardiac output was
      determined simultaneously by thermodilution and by Doppler echocardiography. In
      three patients (20%) no Doppler signal could be recorded. In the 24 successful
      determinations a correlation of r = 0.93 was found between the two techniques.
      Mean deviation was 0.57 l/min (0.15-1.16), 9% (1-20%) respectively. With serial
      measurements the correlation for changes in cardiac output was 0.94. Mean
      deviation was found to be 0.47 l/min (0.12-1.16), or 75% (9-395%). Thus, gross
      estimation of cardiac output by Doppler echocardiography seems possible. However,
      it cannot be judged as of yet whether a more than semiquantitative estimation of
      individual cardiac output changes is possible nor whether further information can
      be obtained besides that which is clinically available.

PMID- 4024683
TI  - [Frequency, localization and extent of local wall function disorders of the left
      ventricle in patients with rheumatic mitral valve diseases].
AB  - In 59 patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease, local wall motion was
      assessed by analysing the diastolic and systolic left ventricular silhouette from
      biplane angiograms with a quantitative radial axes model using 90 radii in each
      projection. The left ventricle was dissected into 4 segments in the RAO and 2
      segments in the LAO projection and a mean radii shortening for each segment was
      calculated. 27 patients had pure severe mitral stenosis (MS), 10 patients mitral
      insufficiency (MI) and 22 patients combined mitral valve disease (MSMI). A mean
      radii shortening less than 25% was diagnosed as wall motion abnormality. In 78%
      of all patients wall motion abnormalities could be detected in at least one
      segment. 32% of patients with MS, 27% of patients with MI and 33% of patients
      with MSMI had wall motion abnormality of the anteroapical wall. In only 8% of
      patients with MS and in no patients with MI and MSMI was the posterobasal segment
      disturbed. The anterobasal and diaphragmal wall motion showed wall motion
      abnormality in 16% and the septal and the posterolateral area in 17% of all
      patients. 78% of all patients had at least one diseased segment; motion
      abnormalities of the anteroapical wall (seg. 2) occurred most often whereas the
      posterobasal area (seg. 4) was diseased in only 4% of all patients. Ejection
      fraction was severely impaired (less than 55%) in 7 patients only (5 of these
      patients had MS) with wall motion abnormalities in more than 4 segments. There
      was no correlation between the extent of valve disease and occurrence and extent
      of wall motion abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4024684
TI  - [M-mode echocardiography study of the left atrium, precordial and suprasternal: a
      comparative echocardiography angiocardiography study].
AB  - This study of 30 patients evaluates whether the size of the left atrium can be
      estimated echocardiographically with the precordial and suprasternal approach.
      Simultaneous imaging of the left atrium from both planes was possible in 24
      patients. Angiographically, left atrial volume amounted to 107 +/- 69 ml for the
      minimal and 153 +/- 63 ml for the maximal left atrial size during the cardiac
      cycle. In each case, the diameter values of the left atrium were greatest from
      the suprasternal approach (p less than 0.001). All angiographic parameters were
      larger than the corresponding echocardiographic values (p less than 0.001). The
      study demonstrates that the size of the left atrium cannot be estimated reliably
      from biplane m-mode echocardiographic parameters.

PMID- 4024685
TI  - [Follow-up studies in chronic aortic insufficiency].
AB  - In order to study the course of chronic aortic regurgitation 17 patients with
      various degrees of aortic valve incompetence were investigated twice with a time
      interval of 1.5 +/- 0.4 years. The following parameters were evaluated: NYHA
      class; electrocardiographic sum of the largest R-wave in V4-V6 plus the largest S
      wave in V1-V3 (RS index); echocardiographic left ventricular end-diastolic
      diameter (EDD); roentgenographic heart volume (HV); scintigraphic left
      ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), regurgitated blood volume (RBV) and
      ejection fraction (EF). During the period of observation functional deterioration
      occurred in 5 cases, all suffering from moderate to severe aortic regurgitation.
      While EF did not change significantly (55 +/- 12% vs. 55 +/- 11%), all other
      parameters showed a significant increase: RS index 5.4 +/- 1.4 mVolt to 6.0 +/-
      1.7 mVolt (p less than 0.01); EDD 6.3 +/- 0.7 to 6.8 +/- 0.9 cm (p less than
      0.001); HV 1017 +/- 151 ml to 1099 +/- 261 ml (p less than 0.01); EDV 371 +/- 131
      ml to 441 +/- 175 ml (p less than 0.001); RBV 117 +/- 57 ml to 151 +/- 77 ml (p
      less than 0.001). Cases with functional deterioration showed a higher initial EDV
      and EDD (487 +/- 143 vs. 322 +/- 93 ml, p less than 0.05; 7.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 6.1 +/-
      0.5 cm, p less than 0.01). The increase of HV, EDV and RBV during the time of
      observation was higher than in the remaining patients (166 +/- 137 vs. 39 +/- 95
      ml, p less than 0.05; 133 +/- 75 vs. 44 +/- 29 ml, p less than 0.01; 66 +/- 22
      vs. 22 +/- 31 ml, p less than 0.01). On average it was less pronounced in cases
      with mild initial left ventricular dilation than in those with marked
      dilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4024686
TI  - [Balloon atrioseptostomy in 2-dimensional echocardiography].
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography allows complete evaluation of transposition of
      the great arteries including additional malformations. Pressure recordings and
      oxymetry are without indicative value in sick and hypoxic neonates and cardiac
      catheterization is therefore merely therapeutic (balloon atrial septostomy). In
      addition balloon atrial septostomy can be performed under echocardiographic
      control only. This procedure saves time and costs, avoids the risks of X-ray
      exposure and angiocardiography and can safely be performed in the pediatric
      intensive care unit. Five newborn babies with transposition of the great arteries
      were treated with this method.

PMID- 4024687
TI  - [Rational use of "laboratory" diagnosis from the viewpoint of the clinician].

PMID- 4024689
TI  - Changes in enzyme activities in urine in children with renal diseases.

PMID- 4024688
TI  - [Procedure-reliability studies on radioimmunologic pancreatic glucagon
      determination].

PMID- 4024690
TI  - [Usefulness of the biochemical monitoring of patients in critical conditions].

PMID- 4024691
TI  - [Isolation and immunologic determination of apolipoprotein C-II and C-III in
      human serum].

PMID- 4024692
TI  - [Thoughts on pediatric rapid diagnosis].

PMID- 4024693
TI  - [Improvement of suction equipment for the Spekol suction attachment].

PMID- 4024694
TI  - [Purification of impure 4-nitrophenylphosphate preparations].

PMID- 4024695
TI  - [Evening of test data in computer-assisted analytic measuring systems].

PMID- 4024696
TI  - [Morphometric and electron microscopic studies of the differentiation process of
      cortical neurons and their synapses in explant cultures of the cingulate region
      of the rat embryo].

PMID- 4024697
TI  - Development of parathyroid gland of the lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin).

PMID- 4024698
TI  - Hemopoiesis in the fetal liver of the Egyptian water buffalo (Bos bubalis).

PMID- 4024699
TI  - Dermo-epithelial interactions during the development of cutaneous gland anlagen
      in Amphibia: a light and electron microscope study on several species with some
      cytochemical findings.

PMID- 4024700
TI  - Spermatogenetic cycle in Salamandrina terdigitata (Lacepede, 1788) (Amphibia:
      Salamandridae).

PMID- 4024701
TI  - Response of Channa punctatus (Bloch) under short and long term exposure to
      industrial pollutants: induction of histopathology in the kidney.

PMID- 4024702
TI  - The effect of chronic hypovitaminosis D on the bone.

PMID- 4024703
TI  - Localization of chromenes and benzofurans in the genus Encelia (Asteraceae).
AB  - Phytochemical and microscopial analysis of leaves and stems of various species of
      Encelia showed a strict correlation between the presence of resin ducts and the
      accumulation of benzopyrans and benzofurans. Fluorescence microscopy of Encelia
      farinosa proved unambigously that these compounds are stored exclusively in the
      resin ducts and the surrounding cells.

PMID- 4024705
TI  - A small-angle X-ray scattering study on pre-irradiated malate synthase. The
      influence of formate, superoxide dismutase, and catalase on the X-ray induced
      aggregation of the enzyme.
AB  - The sulfhydryl enzyme malate synthase from baker's yeast was X-irradiated with 6
      kGy in air-saturated aqueous solution (enzyme concentration: congruent to 10
      mg/ml; volume: 120 microliters), in the absence or presence of the specific
      scavengers formate, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. After X-irradiation, a
      small aliquot of the irradiated solutions was tested for enzymic activity while
      the main portion was investigated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering.
      Additionally, an unirradiated sample without additives was investigated as a
      reference. Experiments yielded the following results: X-irradiation in the
      absence of the mentioned scavengers caused considerable aggregation,
      fragmentation, and inactivation of the enzyme. The dose Dt37 for total (=
      repairable + non-repairable) inactivation resulted as 4.4 kGy. The mean radius of
      gyration was found to be about 13 nm. The mean degree of aggregation was obtained
      as 5.7, without correction for fragmentation. An estimation based on the
      thickness factor revealed that about 19% of material might be strongly
      fragmented. When this amount of fragments was accordingly taken into account, a
      value of 7.1 was obtained as an upper limit for the mean degree of aggregation.
      The observed retention of the thickness factor and the finding of two different
      cross-section factors are in full accord with the two-dimensional aggregation
      model established previously (Zipper and Durchschlag, Radiat. Environ. Biophys.
      18, 99-121 (1980)). The presence of catalytic amounts of superoxide dismutase
      and/or catalase, in the absence of formate, during X-irradiation reduced both
      aggregation and inactivation significantly. The presence of formate (10 or 100
      mM) during X-irradiation led to a strong decrease of aggregation and
      inactivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4024704
TI  - Acyl chain specificity and kinetic properties of phospholipase A1 and A2 of bone
      marrow-derived macrophages.
AB  - The fatty acyl specificity of phospholipase A1 and A2 in homogenates of mouse
      bone marrow-derived macrophages was determined using phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine of different acyl chain composition. Phosphatidylcholine
      with arachidonoyl at position 2 was cleaved preferentially by an alkaline
      phospholipase A2 (pH-optimum 9.0) leading to selective liberation of arachidonic
      acid. In contrast, phosphatidylcholines with oleoyl or linoleoyl at position 2
      were degraded mainly by an acid phospholipase A1 (pH-optimum 4-5) resulting in a
      conservation of these fatty acids esterified in lysophosphatides. Substrate
      kinetics of the alkaline phospholipase A2 revealed a 30 fold higher affinity (Km
      = 3.8 X 10(-7) M) for 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-glycerophosphocholine compared to 1
      acyl-2-oleoyl-glycerophosphocholine. The kinetic data were not influenced by
      endogenous lipids indicating that exogenous substrates do not equilibrate with
      cellular lipids. These results are suitable to explain a selective liberation of
      arachidonic acid from a mixture of phospholipids.

PMID- 4024706
TI  - Prosomes are involved in the repression of viral mRNA.
AB  - Prosomes are small cytoplasmic RNP complexes. We present evidence that their RNA
      is a potential and selective inhibitor of viral mRNA translation while
      translation of normal cellular mRNA e.g. rabbit globin mRNA or HeLa cell mRNA is
      not affected.

PMID- 4024707
TI  - Solubilization and partial purification of a cell surface component of Leishmania
      braziliensis.
AB  - A simple procedure that allowed the extraction and partial purification of a
      component of 65,000 mol.wt. from the surface of Leishmania braziliensis
      promastigotes is described. Iodinated cell surface membrane fractions were
      solubilized using Triton X-100 followed by Nonidet P-40. The macromolecular
      components were then freed of the detergents by passage of the extracts through a
      column of DE52 cellulose. The component of 65,000 mol.wt. was eluted from the
      column with 1 m NaCl. This component in whole parasites was immunoprecipitated by
      sera from patients with cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and diffuse cutaneous
      leishmaniasis and kala-azar. None of the major surface determinants reacted with
      sera from normal individuals with antibovine rabbit serum. The relevance and the
      possible applications on the immunoprophylaxis of the disease are briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 4024708
TI  - Transmission experiments on the host specificity of Heterophyes species in 16
      potential definitive hosts.
AB  - Sixteen different species of piscivorous mammals and birds were tried as
      experimental definitive hosts for Heterophyes heterophyes, H. aequalis and H.
      dispar. The hosts were classified in four categories, by fluke longevity,
      recovery and size, and the number of uterine eggs (embryonated/unembryonated):
      (1) Canidae and the cat were highly susceptible hosts for all three species of
      Heterophyes; (2) several mammals and herons showed a reduced susceptibility to
      infection (H. aequalis, 6 species; H. dispar, 1 species; H. heterophyes, 0
      species); (3) In a group of hosts specific to each trematode, flukes were
      recovered up to 14 days post infection, but their uterine eggs did not become
      embryonated; (4) In a fourth category of hosts, chiefly Mustelidae, flukes could
      not be recovered. Taking also the literature into account it is concluded that
      man is a highly susceptible host for H. heterophyes, and that probably H.
      aequalis and H. dispar may reach reproductive maturity in humans also. The
      described wide host range of H. aequalis appears to be more typical for
      Heterophyidae than the comparably narrow host range of H. heterophyes.

PMID- 4024709
TI  - Chemotactic attraction of infective hookworm larvae of Ancylostoma caninum by a
      dog serum factor.
AB  - Infective hookworm larvae of Ancylostoma caninum showed chemotaxis on agar plates
      in a dog serum gradient. This chemotactic behaviour remain unaltered using an
      ultrafiltrated serum fraction with a molecular weight less than 500.
      Gelfiltration of this ultrafiltrated fraction revealed a factor with a molecular
      weight of 480 causing chemotaxis. The chemotactic activity of the factor was
      destroyed after a pronase treatment. We conclude that the factor could be a
      polypeptide.

PMID- 4024710
TI  - Human pulmonary dirofilariasis with special reference to the ELISA for the
      diagnosis and follow-up study.

PMID- 4024711
TI  - Improving outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 4024712
TI  - Shoulder joint replacement.

PMID- 4024713
TI  - Role of barium enema in diagnosis of acute appendicitis: case report.

PMID- 4024714
TI  - [Prostaglandins in various diseases in children and adolescents].

PMID- 4024715
TI  - [Changes in nitrogen metabolism in the brain in the post-hypoxic period].

PMID- 4024716
TI  - [Intrauterine lesions of the brain].

PMID- 4024718
TI  - [Current problems of pediatric allergology].

PMID- 4024717
TI  - [Metabolic control of arterial blood pressure during oxygenation in the early
      neonatal period in full-term infants born to healthy women and to those with late
      pregnancy toxemia].

PMID- 4024719
TI  - [New data on the problem of mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 4024720
TI  - [Current principles of antibacterial therapy of bronchopulmonary diseases in
      children].

PMID- 4024721
TI  - [Total plethysmography in the evaluation of ventilatory insufficiency in chronic
      pneumonia in children].

PMID- 4024722
TI  - [Functional evaluation of granulocytopoiesis in children by the agar culture
      method].

PMID- 4024723
TI  - [Development of the immune system and the state of immunological reactivity in
      pathological processes in children].

PMID- 4024724
TI  - [Endocrine disorders in convulsive states in children].

PMID- 4024725
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical parallels in closed cranio-cerebral trauma and its sequelae
      in children].

PMID- 4024726
TI  - [Possible treatment of metastases of breast cancer to the bones].

PMID- 4024727
TI  - Expression and regulation of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase gene in non
      permissive cells.
AB  - The expression and regulation of the vaccinia virus (VV) thymidine kinase (tk)
      gene was examined in two non-permissive cell lines, CHO and MDBK, which restrict
      VV development at different stages of the viral replication cycle. The VV tk gene
      was expressed in these two cell lines with kinetics similar to a fully permissive
      cell line BSC40. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition
      of tk mRNA translation by another viral early gene product is a normal component
      of the overall strategy employed to express and regulate the VV tk gene during a
      productive infection.

PMID- 4024728
TI  - Sequence of the nucleoprotein gene of influenza A/parrot/Ulster/73.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of the avian influenza A
      virus strain A/parrot/Ulster/73 (H7N1) has been determined. The gene (RNA segment
      5) consists of 1565 bases. The only large open reading frame of the complementary
      RNA codes for a protein of 498 amino acids. A comparison of its sequence with
      that of three other influenza virus NPs shows that the NP of the parrot Ulster
      strain, although closely related to the NP of the other avian strain
      (A/FPV/Rostock/34), is definitely more closely related genetically to the NPs of
      the two human influenza strains, A/PR/8/34 and A/NT/60/68 than that of FPV. This
      raises the question how far the NP gene can cross the species barrier by
      reassortment and become adapted by mutation to the new host.

PMID- 4024729
TI  - Natural heterogeneity of shape, infectivity and protein composition in an
      influenza A (H3N2) virus preparation.
AB  - Influenza A (X31) virus was purified over a zonal sucrose gradient. The resulting
      gradient fractions were examined by electron microscopy, HA and infectivity
      titrations and gel electrophoresis. The fractions containing a homogeneous
      suspension of spherical particles had the highest infectivity per amount of viral
      protein and a much higher HA:M ratio than the unfractionated preparation. These
      results explain differences in the proportions of HA and M protein we have
      reported elsewhere on monodisperse virus suspensions compared with earlier
      measurements on crude suspensions.

PMID- 4024730
TI  - [Lateralization of visual perception of letters during reverse masking].
AB  - Identification by healthy subjects of single letters in conditions of backward
      masking was studied at lateralized presentation of stimuli. Both at dichoptic and
      unilateral presentations, the letters are identified better if they are presented
      in the left visual field, i.e. addressed "directly" to the right hemisphere. It
      is suggested that the data obtained result from the specificity of hemispheres'
      cooperation under difficult conditions of visual-spatial stage of information
      processing.

PMID- 4024731
TI  - [Electroencephalographic and motor indices of perception and possibility of
      information transfer from stage 2 to the REM phase of human sleep].

PMID- 4024732
TI  - [Evaluation of the professional qualities of operators working with computer
      displays].
AB  - The influence of spatio-temporal factors (spatial heterogeneity of distribution
      of the numbers sought for in the matrix of data, processes of learning and
      development of fatigue, periodic attention oscillations) of the character of
      solving the task of searching the numbers in a matrix of 176 three-figure numbers
      (16 lines, 11 columns) was studied in 39 operators. The possibility was shown to
      use the characteristics obtained for evaluation of professionally important
      abilities of an operator working at the display.

PMID- 4024733
TI  - [Systems analysis of the flow of associations in healthy subjects and patients
      with mental disorders].
AB  - By means of mathematical apparatus of a model of frequency lexical structure the
      structure of repetitions was studied in association flows of 10 healthy persons,
      10 patients with sequelae of closed craniocerebral injury, and 10 schizophrenics.
      In comparison to healthy persons in those after the brain injury the number of
      repetitions was increased and the distances between the first and the last use of
      the repeated words were significant. In schizophrenic persons the repetitions of
      the words were situated at the local portions of association flows. The structure
      of repetitions in these association flows was close to that of the usual
      connected text by the general quantitative norms. Such structure of repetitions
      should be explained by the presence of a parasitical system of connections
      between the words equivalent by its strength to usual rational connections in a
      meaningful text.

PMID- 4024734
TI  - [Significance of presetting an analyzer system in discriminating light intensity
      in the cat].
AB  - EEG and behavioural reactions were studied at the action of signal and nonsignal
      light flashes. The minimal time of stimulus exposition necessary for preserving
      differences in EEG activation reactions to nonreinforced stimuli of different
      intensity (in a diapason from 3.5 to 250 lk) was shown to exceed 1 s. After
      giving the signal meaning to the flashes the minimal time of stimulus exposition
      when the animals were capable to discriminate intensity of the flashes (in a
      diapason from 3.5 to 30 lk) just at the first presentation, was equal to 0.1 s.
      Decrease of the minimal time of stimulus exposition necessary for discrimination
      of the light signals was supposed to be stipulated by their biological
      significance and presetting of the analyzing system being organized by
      preliminary learning a crude analysis of stimuli. Discrimination of the light
      stimuli of short duration was impossible without such presetting.

PMID- 4024735
TI  - [Effect of destruction of the septum and hippocampus on the shuttle-box avoidance
      conditioning of the rat].
AB  - Total destruction of the septum, the dorsal hippocampus (DH), or the lesion of
      the DH combined with that of the medial septal nucleus in rats was shown to
      facilitate elaboration of conditioned avoidance responses in a shuttle-box due to
      an increase of general excitability of the animals, and to cause significant
      impairment of internal inhibition formation. Lesions of the medial or the lateral
      septal nuclei as well as a combined lesion of the DH and the lateral septal
      nucleus had no significant effect on conditioning and internal inhibition
      elaboration. Therefore the septo-hippocampal connections had different functional
      directions during active defensive behaviour.

PMID- 4024736
TI  - [Interhemispheric asymmetry of "emotional resonance" in the rat].
AB  - Hemispheric asymmetry of "emotional resonance" elaborated by the method of P.V.
      Simonov was studied in Wistar rats. Inactivation of hemispheres was carried out
      by means of spreading depression. When using as "victims" and "recipients" the
      animals of the same sex, lateralization of emotional resonance was found to
      depend upon the velocity of reaction elaboration. In rats rapidly elaborating
      avoidance reaction the right hemisphere dominated during its performance and so
      did the left one in animals learning after additional training. When using the
      animals of different sex as "victims" and "recipients", the right hemisphere
      dominated in "emotional resonance" performance. Hemispheric asymmetry of
      "emotional" resonance was more expressed in males than in females.

PMID- 4024737
TI  - [Regional features of the electrical activity of the neocortex in the dog over a
      wide range of frequencies].
AB  - Autospectral characteristics (ASC) of potentials of different neocortical areas
      of dogs in a state of quiet wakefulness were studied in a wide frequency band (1
      100 Hz) by means of correlation-spectral analysis. A transition from evaluation
      of the mean power tendencies to a construction of distributions of different
      power levels for each of five arbitrarily chosen frequency bands permitted to
      reveal regional differences in ASC of each animal as well as interindividual EEG
      distinctions. The regional differences observed in all frequency bands (though
      not equally expressed) including the higher ones indicate not only the
      informativity of high-frequency components of electrical neocortical activity but
      also their neuronal origin.

PMID- 4024738
TI  - [Morphophysiologic study of reticulo-cortical pathways in the rabbit].
AB  - The character of functional connections between the midbrain reticular formation
      (RF) and the neocortex was studied in rabbits. Unit activity was recorded in
      sensorimotor cortex by extracellular microelectrode during RF stimulation. Short
      latency neuronal reactions were found presumably identified as monosynaptic
      responses. Results of the studies of anterograde degeneration of myelinic fibers
      and axonal terminals after electrocoagulation of the RF carried out with the help
      of electronic microscope allowed to suppose that there were few (less than 0.5
      per cent) monosynaptic connections between the RF and the sensorimotor cortex.
      The main forms of direct connections between these structures were axo-dendritic
      (situated at the dendritic trunk) and axosomatic synapses at the neurones of the
      sensorimotor cortex.

PMID- 4024739
TI  - [Effect of ethanol on the activity of neurons of the ventromedial and
      ventrolateral hypothalamus of the rabbit].

PMID- 4024740
TI  - [Relation between solving an extrapolation task and parameters of the open field
      in the rat].

PMID- 4024741
TI  - [Reflection of the state of drinking motivation in the activity of neurons of
      various brain structures in the rabbit].

PMID- 4024742
TI  - [Interaction between portions of the receptor membrane of the nerve cell in the
      generation of spike activity in the crayfish].

PMID- 4024743
TI  - [Asymmetry in direction of movement in the Myrmica rubra ant during labyrinth
      training].

PMID- 4024744
TI  - Alcohol policies in national health and development planning. Including a summary
      of the technical discussions held during the thirty-fifth World Health Assembly,
      1982.

PMID- 4024745
TI  - [Metal concentrations in fishes of the Rednitz River].
AB  - We investigated 39 fish species (eel, brown trout, chub, carp bream, roach,
      perch, pike etc.) from the river Rednitz (North Bavaria) for content of the
      metals mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium and zinc. The residue tolerance
      level for mercury (1 mg/kg) and the standard value of the Federal Public Health
      Office for lead (0.5 mg/kg) and cadmium (0.05 mg/kg) have not been exceeded in
      any case. Because a small selenium concentration gives protection against the
      toxicity of mercury, we also have calculated the molar selenium-mercury
      correlation in the fish-samples.

PMID- 4024746
TI  - [Analysis of whole gliadin from untreated and heat-treated flour with phase
      inversion high pressure liquid chromatography].
AB  - The gliadins from various wheat flours either untreated or heated (baking,
      cooking, roller-drying, extrusion-cooking) were extracted with 70% ethanol and
      analysed by RP-HPLC. When flours are heated below 80 degrees C the chromatograms
      showed no significant change. At temperatures about 80-90 degrees C a peak
      appeared in all samples (with the exception of durum wheat) at a retention time
      of 35 min (peak 35) or, if already present, become more pronounced. A further
      increase in temperature or treatment time resulted in an increase in this peak
      whereas the peaks of the more strongly bound gliadins slowly disappeared. In the
      gliadins of the bread crust the amount of peak 35 decreased again. Similarly,
      changes were observed in the distribution of the apparent molecular weights of
      gliadins from heated flours by using gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). At
      temperatures about 80-90 degrees C the bands between 50-62 kD (under reducing
      conditions) appeared or become stronger. Their intensity increased with
      increasing time and treatment temperature whereas the lower molecular weight
      bands slowly disappeared. Peak 35 may be useful as an indicator of gliadin in
      heat-treated "gluten-free" foods.

PMID- 4024747
TI  - [Quinic acid lactone in coffee].
AB  - Quinic acid and its lactone (quinide) have been determined in coffee by capillary
      gas chromatography. No quinide could be detected in 14 green coffee's. After
      steaming of 4 green coffee's the content of quinic acid was always higher, but no
      quinide had been formed. During roasting, the latter can be detected when
      roasting loss exceed 6.5%. It increases approximately proportionally with quinic
      acid and amounts to 50% of the latter at 22% roasting loss. Both constituents
      decrease at unusual high roasting loss. In 13 commercial blends of roast coffee
      2.4-6.4 g/kg quinide and 8.7-16.6 g/kg quinic acid were present. Especially high
      values were found in one Espresso type blend and high values in steamed and
      decaffeinated coffee's. In 11 commercial coffee extracts 2.0-23.2 g/kg quinide
      and 24.6-36.4 g/kg quinic acid were determined. At higher extraction yield, more
      quinic acid and quinide is formed, but at very high extraction yield the content
      of quinide is diminished. During holding of coffee brews at elevated temperature,
      quinide is slowly hydrolysed.

PMID- 4024748
TI  - [Ochratoxin A in pork kidneys--description of a method].
AB  - A rapid procedure for the isolation and clean-up on a silica gel column is
      described for the determination of Ochratoxin A from pork kidneys. The detection
      limit is 0.3 microgram/kg.

PMID- 4024749
TI  - [Suffocation death by occlusion of the airways with sand].
AB  - Eleven cases are reported in which death occurred because of suffocation as a
      result of occlusion of the respiratory tract by sand (without thoracic
      compression: 3 cases) or being buried alive (8 cases). Two tables demonstrate the
      findings and circumstances in the events. Three cases are described in detail. A
      22-year-old woman was manhandled by blows and kicks to the head and neck. She
      became unconscious and her head and neck were covered by a layer of sand so that
      she suffocated. A 42-year-old man was smothered, while unconscious, in a prone
      position with his face in the sand, after hard blows to the head by two culprits.
      A 17-year-old girl finally died by chocking. Previously the culprit had pressed
      her face into the ground, so that she aspirated particles of soil. The question
      of vital reactions during aspiration of sand was investigated by microscopic
      examination of the content of the air passage and by destroying parts of the
      lungs by sulphuric acid. Minimal aspiration of sand occurred in all cases.
      Although the postmortal remains were left in the ground, there was no postmortem
      penetration of sand into the air passage. Histological examinations were carried
      out to support the diagnosis of violent suffocation. In some cases, there were
      remarkable findings (mobilization of alveolar cells, hepatocelullar hydropic
      degeneration), but there were no typical or unanimous findings that pertained to
      all cases.

PMID- 4024750
TI  - [Reconstruction of the sitting position in automobiles by microtrace analysis].
AB  - Three car accidents are described in which microtrace analysis was of special
      significance in the clarification of the seating positions. In all three cases
      the occupants were under the influence of alcohol. In each case the accident
      occurred at night and without witnesses. The pattern of injuries in two cases was
      non-specific. In the first case, no fiber traces were visible to the naked eye;
      in the other two the fibers were recognizable to the naked eye after close
      examination. In all three cases, the seating position was ascertained by means of
      fiber trace analysis.

PMID- 4024751
TI  - [Effects of fauna on cadavers and microbial saprophytes on blood group findings
      on human tissues].
AB  - The investigation of postmortem human tissue, exposed to the influence of flies
      and their maggots, has shown in general that there is a drop in ABO blood-group
      activity due to the secretive action of the anterior intestinal gland of the
      larva. In addition, the phenomenon of acquired heterogeneous blood-group-specific
      substances was observed. By analogy with the findings in mummy tissues, the
      postmortal invasion of foreign bacterial and fungal blood-group-active material
      is discussed as a cause of erroneous serological diagnosis in bones. Acquisition
      of foreign serological activity through plant saprophytes was detected in a bone
      sample infested with algae. In different subfossil bone samples, blood-group
      activity was evident in the more decomposed areas, while in the better preserved
      parts of the bony substance, negative reactions were obtained.

PMID- 4024752
TI  - [Characterization of microtraces of blood].
AB  - The stains produced from micro-blood-drops (blood volume 0.2 microliter) on
      different substrate materials were examined with respect to morphological
      characteristics. Micro-stains made on paper showed the same general pattern as
      larger (macro-)bloodstains on the same substrate. The use of shirt material as
      substrate, however, resulted in differences in the stain pattern, particularly a
      greater variation within otherwise identical series. In addition when the angle
      of the bloodstains was acute, a variable number of smaller stains became
      detached. In these cases definite criteria can still be found for a description
      of bloodstains and for estimating the approximate angle of impact.

PMID- 4024753
TI  - FELASA--Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations.
      Proceedings from the 2nd FELASA Symposium. Malmo, Sweden, June 16-21, 1984.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4024754
TI  - [Comparative studies of sudden and non-sudden death due to coronary disease].
AB  - A comparative study of patients dying acutely and non-acutely from coronary heart
      disease was performed. The average age of the acute death group was significantly
      lower than the non-acute death group. There is no difference between the average
      age at death of the latter and that of those persons who died from non-coronary
      causes. The majority of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD) died
      a sudden death. This proportion is especially high among males under 50. Taking
      into account the different manifestations of chronic ischemic heart disease most
      males and females with sudden death died as a consequence of acute coronary
      insufficiency. In the group of non-acute coronary deaths, acute and recurrent
      myocardial infarction dominated as the cause of death. Coronary thrombosis was
      less frequent in the acute compared to the non-acute death group. There was no
      significant difference in the frequency of cardiac rupture between the two
      groups. Severe coronary arteriosclerosis was substantially more frequent in the
      acute group compared with the non-acute.

PMID- 4024755
TI  - [Pathological anatomy and histology as well as pathogenesis of leg thickness in
      piglets].
AB  - Leg thickness in piglets was found to be an autosomal recessive defect resulting
      in a primary developmental disturbance of the periosteal and connective
      components of the soft tissues of the fore- and, less frequently, hindlegs.
      Histologically there is periosteal thickening with periosteal proliferation of
      woven bone spiculae and also of myxoid elements of the soft tissue between bone
      and skin. Similar entities are not known in the human literature. Analogies with
      human hereditary congenital elephantiasis and pes equinovarus are incorrect.

PMID- 4024756
TI  - [Hemorrheological changes in microcirculation caused by fats of different dosage,
      composition and mode administration].
AB  - Descriptions of the nature and pathogenesis of disturbances of the
      microcirculation induced by intravenous infusion of a triglyceride emulsion or by
      daily oral administration of a cholesterol-in-oil suspension are different and
      partially contradictory in the medical literature. Hyperlipemic disturbances of
      the microcirculation are characterized by a general decrease in the rate of flow
      reflected in all parameters of flow in the terminal blood vessels including a
      rise of the number of capillaries temporarily functionally isolated from the
      circulation and by an increase in capillary plasma skimming. The degree is
      dependent upon the amount of administered fat and on lipid levels. The disturbed
      capillary perfusion can be attributed to various rheological mechanisms. The
      hemodynamical relevance of the short-time hyperlipemia produced by intravenous
      infusion of a fat emulsion and the enduring hyperlipemia produced by the daily
      oral administration of a cholesterol-in-oil suspension differ. Some of the
      capillary-rheological bases of these differences are discussed.

PMID- 4024757
TI  - [Functional therapy in primary unstable injuries of the thoracic and lumbar
      spine. Indications and limits].
AB  - There are good results in the functional conservative treatment of the primary
      stable lesion of the thoracic and the lumbar part of the spine. Late results show
      that traumatic deformation can be compensated by the spine and by trained
      muscles. Segmental mobility can be generally neglected. Real late instabilities
      are very seldom. Static complaints caused by left deformation are important
      especially if the spine was previously damaged. Then, primary or early secondary
      operative reposition, replacement and segmental spondylodesis are indicated.

PMID- 4024758
TI  - [Indications and results of early functional vertebral fracture treatment].
AB  - Early functional treatment was administered to 213 patients with stable
      compression fractures of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae between 1975 and 1982.
      Physiotherapy was carried out according to a uniform schedule. The patients were
      mobilized after an average of 6 days; hospitalization lasted 2 weeks on an
      average. Control examinations of 82 of these patients revealed only a slight
      union of compressed vertebral bodies (on an average, 7% of the initial height),
      which correlated with the primary compression and the patient's age. Remaining
      functional restriction of the spine and subjective complaints did not correlate
      significantly with the extent of vertebral compression.

PMID- 4024759
TI  - [Treatment of fractures of the cervical spine with external halo fixation].
AB  - 15 serious injuries of the cervical spine were treated by Halo-fixation devices.
      Practical procedure as well as advantages in clinical application are dealt with.
      This method seems to be a good alternative to surgical stabilisation.

PMID- 4024760
TI  - [Treatment of tibial shaft fracture in the area of the large medullary cavity--an
      indication for intramedullary nailing? Results of intramedullary nailing and
      comparison with concurrent treatment procedures].
AB  - Nailing has become the major method of treating lower leg fractures: though there
      are still different opinions how to treat lower leg fractures localized between
      the proximal-middle and middle-distal third as well as in the second and
      fifth/sixth. Following our own experiences with 192 lower leg nailings in that
      sphere we report the results in order to demonstrate the efficiency of nailing in
      comparison with the traditional way of conservative treatment and plate
      osteosynthesis.

PMID- 4024761
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome induced by aseptic necrosis of the scaphoid bone].

PMID- 4024762
TI  - [Traumatic scaphoid bone malposition of the hand].

PMID- 4024763
TI  - [Unusual course of osseous metastasis of hypernephroid carcinoma].

PMID- 4024765
TI  - [The need for joint irrigation following hemarthrosis puncture].

PMID- 4024764
TI  - [Selective laparotomy and value of peritoneal irrigation in penetrating abdominal
      injuries].

PMID- 4024766
TI  - [Severe infections in pregnancy and the puerperium--prevention and therapy].
AB  - Serious infections during pregnancy and puerperium hold the second place as a
      cause of maternal mortality. The most dangerous infections are chorioamnionitis
      and puerperal infections especially after cesarean section. Their prevention and
      management are dealt with.

PMID- 4024767
TI  - [Results following gastrectomy and its relation to tumor stage in stomach
      cancer].
AB  - 88 patients suffering from gastric cancer underwent total gastrectomy. The late
      results were clearly dependent on the stage of the tumour. In cases of stage T1
      and T2 the 5 years survival rate amounted to 86%, in cases of T3 and T4 however,
      only to 4%. In cases of M0 50% of these patients lived longer than 5 years, in
      patients with lymphatic spread this percentage came up to 8.7 only. The
      postsurgical mortality rate was 19.3 on an average with an increase in larger
      tumours. For improving the prognosis the authors recommend total gastrectomy even
      in cases of the gastric tumour having a smaller extent.

PMID- 4024768
TI  - [Surgical complications in the area of the bile ducts from the forensic
      viewpoint].
AB  - In a period of 10 years there were 21 cases of iatrogenic lesions of the
      extrahepatic bile ducts following cholecystectomy (n = 19). In 2 cases of partial
      gastrectomy an expert's opinion was taken. 8 patients out of 21 came to death.
      The striking fact is that in 7 cases the removal of the gallbladder had been
      performed in retrograde direction.

PMID- 4024769
TI  - [Perforation of Crohn disease in the free abdominal cavity].

PMID- 4024770
TI  - [The appendix as a foreign body reservoir].

PMID- 4024771
TI  - [A practice phantom for learning rectal digital examination].

PMID- 4024772
TI  - [Microbial colonization of coating and building materials in contact with
      drinking water. 11. Long-term studies of a drinking water reservoir with
      polyester isolation].
AB  - Building materials of drinking water reservoirs can support a microbial growth as
      shown in former communications. A new case is presented, where the microorganisms
      used the polyester isolation as carbon source. The isolation was installed
      between two concrete layers of a drinking water reservoir. The organic substances
      were identified by chemical analyses.

PMID- 4024773
TI  - [Qualitative and quantitative determination of bacterial populations in an
      aquatic environment. 7. Development of bacterial growth on raw materials exposed
      to potable water].
AB  - Refined steel plates coated with different materials that contained available
      organic compounds led to a microbial growth on the surface. Even plastics and
      bitumen which were used in the sphere of drinking water showed after an exposure
      time of three months up to 192 ml slime per square meter. The number of viable
      bacteria within the Aufwuchs was in the range of 10(7) cfu/ml. The production of
      slime increased with time. The relation of carbohydrate and protein content
      significantly changed from 2 at the beginning to 30 after 12 months of incubation
      the bitumen coating test plates. This indicates an increase synthesis of
      carbohydrate containing extracellular polymeric substances during the late phase
      of growth. The bacteria isolated from the Aufwuchs mainly belonged to the genera
      Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, Caulobacter, sheated bacteria and
      other gramnegative physiologically nonreactiv roads. During exposure of the
      plates the relation changed within the bacterial communities of the main groups.
      Comparing the bacteria communities of inlet and outflow water it became evident
      that the later one was influenced by bacteria of the Aufwuchs.

PMID- 4024774
TI  - [Qualitative and quantitative determination of bacterial populations in an
      aquatic environment. 8. Variation of the species spectrum during a drinking-water
      treatment process].
AB  - Water treatment processes such as aeration, gravel filtration, ozonation,
      activated-carbon filtration and chlorination causes variation in the number of
      bacteria as well as the development or die off of specific species. The number of
      bacteria was always reduced to a large extent if ozone or chlorine were applied
      whereas after filtration process often an increasing number of bacteria could be
      observed in the effluent. Despite of the differing bacterial counts a reduction
      of the variety of species was found during all treatment process. Whereas the raw
      water contained a heterogeneous spectrum of copiotrophic and oligotrophic
      bacteria the treated water contained mainly slow growing oligotrophic bacteria
      which didn't express any physiological activities.

PMID- 4024775
TI  - [Microbiological studies of groundwater polluted with hydrocarbons. 2.
      Determination of bacterial in vitro activity].
AB  - The injected water and the groundwater withdrawn by the E-wells contained
      bacteria with higher 'in vitro'-total activity (30-50%) than the groundwater
      taken from the middle part of the flushing area. The determination of single
      activities resulted in a similar distribution of bacterial communities.
      Denitrifying and nitrate-reducing bacteria were present in the polluted
      groundwater (10-100% of isolates). After transforming these values in CFU/ml they
      correspond to the MPN/ml of both groups. Furthermore bacteria were found, which
      could use hydrocarbons as their only carbon source under aerobic and anaerobic
      conditions; there were different percentage of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in
      the groundwater of the three sampling points. Totally 2-70% of all isolates were
      aerobe hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, 1-12% nitrate-reducing and 1-13%
      denitrifying hydrocarbon-metabolizing bacteria.

PMID- 4024776
TI  - [Use of fish cell cultures for toxicity determination in order to reduce and
      replace the fish tests].
AB  - Dispersion of liver tissue from rainbow trout at 10 and 25 degrees C resultet in
      cells which were cultivated in vitro at 20 degrees C regularly. Using this method
      a cell line (R1) has been established useful for testing the toxicity of chemical
      substances and waste water. The toxicity of samples influenced the morphology,
      growth and the living duration of the cells. These parameters gave a clear answer
      about the toxicity of samples testet in 1-12 h. The tests on the vitality of
      cells (using trypan blue) and the release of LDH did not show an agreement with
      the cytotoxicity in all cases. From 106 samples of waste water were 53.8%
      cytotoxic but only 35% showed a toxicity for fish. 93.44% of 61 toxic samples of
      waste water showed cytotoxicity, only 60.65% of the samples were fish-toxic.
      According to the results obtained it is concluded that fish cell tissue cultures
      are useful tools for determination of the toxicity of chemical substances and
      waste water. Compared with the fish test the cytotoxicity test ist more sensitive
      and it reduces the material, time and money needed.

PMID- 4024777
TI  - Mycobacteria in semi-public swimming-pools and whirlpools.
AB  - The presence, densities and species distribution of atypical mycobacteria were
      assayed in samples from swimming-pools in semi-public areas (hotels, recreational
      parks and camping grounds) and from whirlpools (in sauna institutes, fitness
      clubs and recreational parks). Tap water used to supply these pools was also
      investigated. Mycobacteria were frequently detected in all types of samples, the
      numbers in whirlpools on the average being about ten times higher than those in
      swimming-pools and tap water. Mycobacterium gordonae was the predominant species
      in all samples. Special attention was given to the possible presence of
      opportunistic pathogenic mycobacteria. M. marinum was not detected in any of the
      samples; M. kansasii was recovered 3 times from whirlpools only. M. avium and the
      M. fortuitum-M. chelonei complex were found in both types of pool samples but in
      highest densities in whirlpools. Mycobacterial densities exhibited a
      significantly negative association with the concentration of hypochlorous acid
      1.0 mg/l being required to assure low levels in the bathing water. There was also
      a negative association with redox potential but positive associations with total
      aerobic colony count at 37 degrees C, ammonium and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (in
      swimming-pools only). No association was found with temperature, potassium
      permanganate consumption, total coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or
      Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 4024778
TI  - [Health risks due to long-term stress--night work as an example].
AB  - Multiple matched cases of shiftworkers, dayworkers and drop-outs, (N = 301) were
      split into four groups corresponding in age and years at work. Data concerning
      different parameters of health and wellbeing were collected by means of medical
      case histories, check-ups, questionnaires and interviews. Time contingent effects
      of health deterioriation were analysed. In terms of an overall score ("Health
      Score") in shiftworkers health was found to decrease with age markedly; the
      difference to dayworkers got significant from the 12th year of work exposure
      onwards. This finding can be ascribed to a high rate of sleep disturbances and a
      pronounced reduction of wellbeing (already present in younger workers) as well as
      to a significant increase in morbidity concerning gastrointestinal and
      cardiovascular ailments. Corresponding rates of doctor's consultations and drug
      intake increased with age and work exposure. Subjective ratings of work
      conditions suggest marked mental and emotional stress components. In dayworkers a
      destabilization of health was found which was marked for the middle age; the
      health score, however, was still significantly better than that of shiftworkers
      in all age classes. There was evidence of an excess rate for respiratory
      illnesses. In drop-outs less adverse conditions of health and wellbeing than in
      shiftworkers were found. But health was more deteriorated than in dayworkers.
      Having dropped out of shiftwork means an improvement of gastrointestinal and
      nervous symptoms; the cardiovascular disorders, however, remain high.

PMID- 4024779
TI  - [Effect of the oral beta-mimetic drug clenbuterol (Contraspasmin, Spiropent) and
      orally and intravenously administered Partusisten on the rheobase].
AB  - Clenbuterol (Contraspasmin, Spiropent) was used to treat threatened delivery in a
      dosage of three times 0.02 mg per day because of its beta-mimetic effects and the
      halflife time for elimination of 34 hours. We examined the effect of Clenbuterol
      on the maternal rheobase as a factor to estimate the influence of this drug on
      neuromuscular structures of maternal organism. After the first oral application
      of Clenbuterol we found a significant decrease in this value and after second and
      third application a distinct fluctuation. This fact shows besides the positive
      beta-mimetic properties the side-effects on the vegetative nerve system and on
      neuromuscular structures of the female body.

PMID- 4024780
TI  - [Supplementation of antenatal cardiotocography (nonstress test) by nipple self
      stimulation].
AB  - Self-stimulations of nipples were performed in 155 late pregnant women in
      connection with antenatal cardiotocography (nonstress test). Cardiotocographs
      were interpreted using an own score. Uterine contractions could be produced by
      nipple stimulation in 111 women (71.6 per cent). In 13 cases with score 6 to 8
      these contraction contributed to explantation of fetal condition. In additional
      11 cases with score 9 to 10 the attention was focussed to the reduced fetal or
      placental capacity by the suspect cardiotocogram. In this group frequency of
      caesarean section was increased significantly. In cases with successful nipple
      stimulation the rate of labour induction with effect was higher. Oxytocin
      liberation by nipple stimulation may be regarded as endogenous oxytocin stress
      test. This simple procedure which can be done quickly and without danger is
      supposed to be a good supplement to nonstress test. Its reliability can be
      improved and the success of induction of labour estimated.

PMID- 4024781
TI  - [Pulmonary edema under tocolytic therapy].
AB  - A case of pulmonary edema during tocolytic therapy with beta-mimetic drugs is
      demonstrated. Isotonic hyperhydration is suspected as the reason favoured by
      oliguria and hypocalcemia. Diagnostic and therapeutic consequences are discussed.

PMID- 4024782
TI  - [Compatible receiver insert for telemetric monitoring of labor].
AB  - A receiver-insert for telemetric monitoring of childbirth, which is compatible
      with the monitoring system of VEB Messgeratewerk Zwonitz, is presented.

PMID- 4024783
TI  - [Cardiotocography--practice. Case 9].

PMID- 4024784
TI  - [Toward a single inter-disciplinary classification of cranio-cerebral injuries].
AB  - The article presents clinical criteria of the diagnosis of concussion, contusion
      and compression of the brain in the acute period of a craniocerebral injury. The
      authors specify the major signs of a moderate and deep stun, sopor, as well as
      moderate, deep and coma de passe. Unified evaluations of the severity of the
      state of a patient with a craniocerebral injury are described.

PMID- 4024785
TI  - [Variants of the clinical course of the late period of military closed
      craniocerebral injuries].
AB  - As a result of a comprehensive psychoneurological examination of 160 war veterans
      who had sustained a cranicocerebral trauma of a mild or moderate degree during
      the Great Patriotic War, the authors identified 3 variants of the clinical course
      of its long-term period: (1) late (at the age of 45-59 years), protracted (of
      many years) decompensation of a complex (polymorphic) posttraumatic neuropsychic
      defect; (2) a comparatively early (by age) and accelerated development of
      cerebral atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension with unstable compensation of
      posttraumatic cerebral, predominantly vegetative-angiodystonic disorders; (3) the
      prevalence in the clinical picture of the disease of marked manifestations of
      chronic cerebrovascular failure or stable sequels of brain stroke in the presence
      of individual reduced psychopathological posttraumatic symptoms. The article also
      presents electrophysiological, biochemical and psychological changes
      characteristic of each variant of the course, which should be taken into
      consideration in making the diagnosis and predicting the clinical and employment
      related outcome.

PMID- 4024786
TI  - [Volume dynamics of contusion foci of the cerebrum].
AB  - Of 740 patients with severe contusions of the brain a group of patients with
      expansion of the contusion foci was differentiated. In 31.8% of the patients, the
      contusion foci were localized in the polar-basal portions of the frontal and/or
      temporal lobes and in 2.5% of patients on the convex surface of the large
      hemispheres and penetrated into the white matter. Clinical variants of the course
      of expansion processes of contusion foci are described. The craniographic,
      echoencephalographic and angiographic characteristics of the damaged brain are
      also presented. Expansion of contusion foci of the large hemispheres is
      documented pathomorphologically. A correlation was found between the
      manifestations of expansion of the contusion foci and their structural
      characteristics.

PMID- 4024787
TI  - [Vibration sensitivity in traumatic lesions of peripheral nerves].
AB  - Using a tonal audiometer, the parameters of vibrational sensitivity (in decibels)
      were investigated in 50 patients with traumatic damage to the peripheral nerves
      of the extremities. The results reflected the severity of neural damage and also
      the degree of the restoration of neural functions following surgical or
      conservative treatment.

PMID- 4024788
TI  - [Restoration of discrimination sensitivity after suturing nerves of the upper
      extremity].
AB  - Having examined the discriminational sensitivity with Weber's dividers in 244
      patients 1-10 and more years after epineural suture of the median, ulnar and
      palmar digital nerves, the authors established that this type of sensitivity
      restored slowly, incompletely and rarely. Discrimination of two points was better
      restored after suture of the palmar digital nerves, it was worse after suture of
      the median nerve and was the worst after suture of the ulnar nerve. The factors
      adversely affecting the restoration of discriminational sensitivity included a
      high level of damage (upper arm, the upper third of the forearm) and a
      considerable delay with surgery.

PMID- 4024789
TI  - [Electromyographic characteristics of recovery of motor function in patients with
      lesions of the cervical division of the spinal cord].
AB  - Electromyographic examination used for determining spontaneous activity of the
      muscles in patients with an injury at the level of C3-C6 showed that at the first
      stage the most significant sign was the presence of at least weak activity in the
      muscles of the lower extremities. This was usually a precursor of the successful
      restoration of motor functions and indicated the smallest volume of the injury
      and the absence of complications. At the later stages of treatment of these
      patients EMG revealed considerable activity in all major muscle groups ensuring
      walking and the maximum independence of the patient.

PMID- 4024790
TI  - [Significance of evaluation of the functional status of the vessels and the heart
      after surgical treatment of injuries of the cervical and thoracic levels of the
      spinal cord].
AB  - An analysis of the clinical and neurological data on 52 patients with spinal cord
      lesions at the level of C4-Th8 segments and their comparison with the function of
      the vessels and heart have shown that the severity of these patients' condition
      is determined by disorders of the regulation of the vascular tone, the
      development of arteriolar hypotonia, disturbances of the regulation of cardiac
      activity and pulmonary ventilation disorders. The sympathetic regulation of the
      vessels and heart undergoes phasic changes which should be taken into
      consideration in the anesthetic-resuscitative support of surgical intervention.
      This helps decrease the mortality rate and improve the results of treatment.

PMID- 4024791
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of the spinal-brain stem polysynaptic reflex and the
      period of inhibition].
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the radial nerve associated with voluntary contraction
      of the shoulder girdle inhibited bioelectrical activity not only in the muscles
      of the hypothenar but also in the proximal muscles. In resting muscles, such
      stimulation elicited a reflex response with a large latent period. With weak
      voluntary tension stimulation elicited a reflex response while in the presence of
      considerable contraction the reflex response merged with bioelectrical activity,
      with a clearly demonstrable subsequent period of inhibition. The current
      viewpoint about the antidromal blockade of the segmental motoneurons is debated.
      It is suggested that the polysynaptic reflex and the inhibition period are
      connected with the same level of realization -- the oral portions of the brain
      stem.

PMID- 4024792
TI  - [Craniography in brain tumors].
AB  - X-ray examination of 57 patients with tumours of the brain and meninges revealed
      general and local roentgenological alterations of the skull bones as well as
      secondary changes in the sella turcica. Tumours of the brain and meninges were
      associated with a diminution or an enlargement of the volume of the skull bones,
      intensification of the vascular pattern of the cranial vault and tumour
      calcification. A thorough craniographic examination of patients with a suspicion
      of brain and meningeal tumours gives definite information about general and local
      alterations of the skull bones and contributes to their purposeful radiographic
      contrast examination, which is important when surgery is contemplated.

PMID- 4024793
TI  - [Experimental-psychological study in the late period of closed wartime
      craniocerebral injuries].
AB  - An experimental psychological study covered 70 patients with a long-term
      progressive course of a closed craniocerebral injury (CCCI) sustained during the
      war. The traumatological symptomatology was characterized by unstable working
      capacity, exhaustibility, deteriorated memory, inconsistent thinking, low self
      esteem and a lower level of aspirations, weakening of incentives, the presence of
      residual disorders of speech and visual-spatial orientation. Patients with a
      predominant cerebrovascular disease, along with exhaustibility characteristic of
      traumatic pathology, showed general inhibition, inertia, rigid processes, memory
      deterioration, as well as poor ability for generalization and abstract thinking,
      lack of interests and uncritical perception of information. The results obtained
      should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the clinical variant of the
      progressive time-course at a long-term period of a CCCI as well as in the
      assessment of the patient's working ability and the causes of disability.

PMID- 4024794
TI  - [Clinico-dynamic features of neurotic and psychotic hysterical depressions in the
      late period of craniocerebral injuries].
AB  - Twenty patients with neurotic and twenty patients with psychotic hysterical
      depressions developing in the presence of long-term consequences of
      craniocerebral injuries were subjected to a comparative examination. Differences
      and transitions between these two conditions are not a uniform intensification of
      a definite set of symptoms but present a qualitative transformation of the status
      with extension of disorders to all spheres of mental activity.

PMID- 4024795
TI  - [Recovery of consciousness after prolonged coma in patients with severe
      craniocerebral injuries].
AB  - The authors specify and describe 7 stages of regaining consciousness by patients
      who had been in coma from 11 to 180 days, including opening of the eyes; fixation
      of the eyes on an object; recognition of close relatives; understanding of
      directly addressed speech; patient's own speech; amnestic confusion;
      consciousness with all formal signs of being clear. The condition of the patients
      at these stages is compared with EEG findings suggestive of the functional
      disintegration of the brain as a system in comatose patients, the vegetative
      status and the restoration of connections between different departments of the
      brain corresponding to the recovery of long absent consciousness of patients. It
      is concluded that at the current stage of medical sciences the maximum duration
      of coma compatible with the subsequent full recovery of mental activity of the
      patient under 30 years does not exceed 11 days.

PMID- 4024796
TI  - [Population patterns in the dynamics of episodes and remission in patients with
      endogenous psychoses].
AB  - Analyzing the data on 1770 patients with paroxysmal schizophrenia with a disease
      standing of 15 years and over, the authors established a statistically
      significant correlation between the clinical picture of remissions and attacks in
      the preceeding and the subsequent cycle of the disease. This correlation was
      expressed in the fact and from the second cycle to the third, the probability of
      the appearance of the same psychopathological disturbances was at least two times
      as that of the development of any other concrete disorders. The first three
      cycles of the disease were analyzed.

PMID- 4024797
TI  - [Family background of patients with slowly progressive childhood schizophrenia
      with a syndrome of pathologic fantasizing].
AB  - The authors studied the familial background of 50 probands suffering from slowly
      progressive infantile schizophrenia with the morbid fantasy making syndrome. A
      total of 110 firstkin relatives (100 parents and 10 siblings) were examined. The
      incidence of manifest psychoses in parents was 16% (8 persons) in the first group
      of probands and 6% (3 persons) in the second group. "Subclinical forms of
      psychosis" and personality abnormalities of the type of sthenic schizoids were
      also prevalent among the relatives of the second group probands (22% and 28%,
      respectively). Parents denoted as schizoids with a marked emotional defect were
      present only in the families of the Group I probands (10%) while individuals of a
      hyperthymic type were observed only in the families of Group 2 probands (16%).
      Parents considered as normal were markedly prevalent among the relatives of Group
      I probands (16% and 6%, respectively).

PMID- 4024798
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics of a contingent of chronic schizophrenic
      patients of the "new type"].
AB  - Using clinico-epidemiological research methods, the authors have studied 260
      schizophrenic patients in whom the disease was first manifested in the period
      when wide-scale combined rehabilitation programmes were under way. It has been
      demonstrated that the incidence of chronic schizophrenia shows no tendency to
      decrease despite the use of modern rehabilitation methods. Chronicity itself has
      become more variable in its manifestations; thus the population of "chronics" is
      mostly made up of young people. An analysis of the time-course of invalidization
      of schizophrenic patients in the first four years of the disease has indicated a
      clear-cut peak at the second year after the manifestation of the process. The
      findings obtained made it possible to describe a number of parameters of
      functioning of "chronic patients of a new type". It has been shown that these
      patients are young and characterized by a comparatively short duration of the
      disease, frequent rehospitalization, marked manifestations of social
      disadaptation in the presence of externally normal behaviour due to rapid
      incapsulation of the current symptomatology, formally intact familial ties and a
      high frequency of abnormal behavioural manifestations.

PMID- 4024799
TI  - [Neuropsychiatric disorders in adolescent disorders of menstrual function].
AB  - The clinical time-course of the psychic status was examined in 98 girls aged 11
      to 16 years who suffered from juvenile hemorrhagas. The author identified the
      asthenovegatative (n-30), anxiety (n-29), anxiety-hypochondriac (n-19), obsessive
      fobic (n-20) and depressive-hypochondrias (n-21) syndromes. These states
      reflected a relatively superficial (neurotic) level of neuropsychic disorders in
      the patients.

PMID- 4024800
TI  - [Interpersonal relations in groups of mentally ill and mentally healthy
      children].
AB  - Using the sociometric method supplemented by systematic observations, the authors
      studied the interpersonal relations in children's departments of mental and
      therapeutic hospitals. The subjective structures of choices were compared with
      the objectively forming interrelations. Mental patients showed a greater rigidity
      of these structures which remained unaltered even with the arrival of newcomers,
      which is explained by a relatively minor role played by such a factor as
      socialization. The nosological characteristics influenced the sociometric choices
      only indirectly, with the main structural factors being sex and age. The position
      of each patient in this structure was altered in parallel with the change in his
      or her mental status. Unlike the therapeutic department, characteristic of
      mentally ill patients was the limitation of choices by sex; they also differed by
      the fact that girls had two types of leaders.

PMID- 4024801
TI  - [Role of the clinical polymorphism of epileptic psychoses in determining the
      prognosis for patient disability].
AB  - The clinical findings obtained during an examination of 98 epileptic patients
      make it possible to outline some criteria of occupational prognosis in diseases
      running with transitory, paroxysmal and chronic psychoses of the complicated
      structure. The variability of the outcomes of these psychoses is explained by the
      differences in their psychopathological structure and duration as well as in the
      degree of the productive symptomatology at different stages of the epileptic
      process.

PMID- 4024802
TI  - [Prognosis of epilepsy in light of catamnestic studies].
AB  - As a result of a long-term follow-up of 300 epiletic patients the author has
      determined clinical and social factors of the favourable and unfavourable
      prognosis in epilepsy. The prognosis is determined by the severity of the organic
      brain lesion underlying epilepsy, the localization and activity of the epileptic
      focus, its time-course, the tempo of the increase of psychopathological and
      paroxysmal disorders, the effect of intercurrent diseases, psychotraumatic
      situations, as well as by the early and adequate therapeutic and rehabilitation
      measures. Of a significant role in such prediction is the assessment of the
      clinical manifestations of the disease during its progression under conditions of
      drug therapy, as well as a number of social fastors (the capacity to work and
      learn, marital status, etc.).

PMID- 4024803
TI  - [Ultrastructure of epileptic foci in temporal epilepsy].
AB  - An electron microscopy study was conducted on the material of biopsies from the
      removed epileptic foci localized in the hippocamp and fields 21 and 38 of the
      temporal cortex of 11 patients with temporal epilepsy. There was the constant
      presence of so-called dark and altered light neurocytes whose cytoplasm had
      experienced considerable changes and was saturated with various inclusions. The
      axons and dendrites of the cells underwent peculiar degeneration. The authors
      revealed multiple agglutination of synaptic vesicles in the preterminals and
      synaptic buds, and also dark degeneration of the axonal endings in the absence of
      Waller's degeneration of axons. Marked changes in the walls of the capillaries
      were also found.

PMID- 4024804
TI  - [Features of the EEG correlates of activity in epileptic patients].
AB  - A correlational analysis of the EEG in epileptic patients and normal subjects
      made it possible to elucidate differences in the brain activity in the
      performance of similar tasks: the performance of the correction test, collection
      of the Link cube, exercise with a hand expander. It is supposed that in disease,
      the performance of a motor act is achieved through some functional elements of
      the brain, which are different from normal.

PMID- 4024805
TI  - [Mechanisms of development and blockade of epileptic activity in the brain].
AB  - Experiments on mollusk neurons showed the presence of 3 types of neurons with
      different activity character and different sensitivity to convulsants. The
      highest sensitivity to corazol and other convulsants was characteristic of
      spontaneuosly active "impulse" motoneurons with the threshold dose of corazol
      being 1 X 10(-4) M. Intergrative neurons without background spontaneous activity
      were the least sensitive, with the threshold dose of corazol being 1-5 X 10(-3)
      M. "Impulse" cells of the mollusk were compared with epileptic neurons of the
      brain. It was shown that "impulse" and epileptic activity was brought about by a
      peculiar change in the ionic permeability of the membrane, activation of the
      channels of a slow ascending current, a slow growth of potassium permeability and
      the resultant appearance of an area of negative resistance in the volt-ampere
      characteristics of ionic currents of the membrane. The convulsants were capable
      of inducing these changes in the electrophysiological characteristics of the
      neuronal membrane, while classical anticonvulsants eliminated them.

PMID- 4024806
TI  - [Immunoenzyme analysis of the antigenic orientation of "anti-brain"
      autoantibodies in the serum of epileptics].
AB  - With the help of a solid-phase ELISA and the test system of rat brain antigens
      (protein fractions divided by isoelectrofocusing into zones differing in pI
      values) the authors discovered autoantibodies to species-nonspecific protein
      antigens of the brain in the blood sera of epileptic patients and obtained data
      on the spectra of the antigenic orientation of these autoantibodies. It has been
      noted that the epileptics' blood sera are characterized by high titres of
      autoantibodies to glial brain-specific proteins of the group S-100, as well as by
      undifferentiated proteins, with pI values 3-3.5 and 5-5.5. There were no
      significant differences in the spectra of the antigenic orientation of
      autoantibodies in patients with different frequencies of seizures and the
      localization of the epileptic focus. Considerable differences in the orientation
      of cerebral autoantibodies in patients with different disease standing were
      discovered.

PMID- 4024807
TI  - [Features of changes in the EEG of patients with repeated syncope and epileptic
      seizures between attacks].
AB  - On the basis of a comparative computerized analysis of EEG findings obtained from
      81 patients with repeated syncopes and 56 with epileptic attacks the authors
      derived statistically significant data about the differential-diagnostic value of
      11 electroencephalographic signs which allowed the differentiation of these
      groups of patients.

PMID- 4024808
TI  - [Activity of polymorphic N-acetyltransferase in epilepsy].
AB  - Activity of polymorphic N-acetyl transferase characterized by bimodality (fast
      and slow acetylators) in normal subjects was studied in 150 epileptic patients.
      The epileptic versus normal subjects had a significant predominance of slow
      acetylators. The data obtained suggest that slow acetylation is one of the
      possible factors predisposing to epilepsy and responsible for a more severe
      course of the disease. The results of the study suggest that determination of the
      activity of polymorphic N-acetyl transferase may serve as a prognostic criterion
      of epilepsy.

PMID- 4024809
TI  - [Dermatoglyphic traits in the diagnosis and prognosis of epilepsy].
AB  - A total of 549 epileptic children and 162 healthy children were studied
      dermatoglyphically. The authors found significant dermatoglyphic differences
      between the control subjects and patients suffering from epilepsy with a
      progressive and an unprogressive course. Dermatoglyphic characteristics in the
      epileptic patients varied in groups with different clinical characteristics (age
      at the onset of the disease and the duration of the latter, the daily development
      of paroxysms at the same time, a tendency toward a stable course, the presence of
      psychic states and the resistance to therapy). Statistical task-solving rules for
      diagnosing epilepsy in children were elaborated. The correct computer-aided
      diagnosis on the basis of dermatoglyphic examination was made in 70% of the
      epileptic patients.

PMID- 4024810
TI  - [Paroxysmal disorders during sleep as the debut of epilepsy in children].
AB  - The authors examined 100 children aged 3 to 14 years with paroxysmal disturbances
      during sleep, which were the first manifestations of epilepsy. On the basis of a
      long-term follow up these disturbances were differentiated clinically from
      similar disorders of non-epileptic nature. The most typical epileptic
      disturbances occurring during sleep (psychomotor paroxysms, crying, laughter,
      night fears, nightmarish dreams, psychosensory disorders) had some
      characteristics in common, namely changes in consciousness, appearance almost at
      the same time, stereotyry of the manifestations, attendant autonomic disorders,
      nocturnal enuresis followed by the development of the typical epileptic forms of
      attacks. The treatment of paroxysmal disturbances was conducted with regard to
      their clinical structure and the localization of the epileptic focus.

PMID- 4024811
TI  - [Neuropsychiatric disorders in children whose relatives have epilepsy].
AB  - Using clinical electro-encephalic and experimental psychological methods, 75
      children born to epileptic parents were examined. The clinical picture of
      epilepsy in children was found to correlate with the severity and duration of the
      disease in the parents. In the majority of children the onset of the disease was
      characterized by non-convulsive paroxysms. The main course of disadaptation of
      the children to the environment, which hindered their learning in school was
      mental change expressed in the form of intellectual, emotional and
      characterological disorders.

PMID- 4024812
TI  - [Course of epilepsy in patients who have suffered adverse effects of
      anticonvulsant preparations according to the results of long-term follow-up].
AB  - The author studied 99 epileptic patients in whom 5-10 years ago anticonvulsants
      had caused side-effects. In 10% of the patients, a stable remission of the
      paroxysmal manifestations and an improvement of the mental status was achieved
      after controlling the complications. The majority of the patients exhibited slow
      progression of the epileptic process following a reduction of disturbances
      induced by intoxication and folic acid deficiency. Severe toxic, metabolic and
      allergic complications (30%) were followed by further considerable progression of
      the paroxysmal and psychopathological symptomatology. The degree of progression
      and severity of the organic brain lesion in epileptic patients is an important
      factor affecting the manifestation of the side-effects associated with
      anticonvulsants and the efficiency of further anticonvulsive therapy. In 4% of
      the patients the author observed repeated drug-induced complications. The
      prophylaxis of repeated complications of the anticonvulsant treatment prevents
      epilepsy aggravation.

PMID- 4024813
TI  - [Tactics for managing patients who developed epileptic seizures and paroxysmal
      states for the first time].
AB  - The authors examined 230 patients who developed paroxysmal conditions. The
      majority of patients (n-193) presented with epileptic seizures. In the remaining
      37 patients various syncopal conditions were diagnosed. The authors emphasize the
      necessity of a comprehensive examination of such patients, the early detection
      and treatment of somatic pathology which usually aggravates the course of
      epileptic process at the early stages. The authors advocate an active
      multimodality treatment of patients who developed seizures for the first time,
      the therapeutic and diagnostic use of pneumoencephalography with the
      administration of nitrous oxide into the cerebrospinal fluid. Approximate schemes
      of the treatment of patients are offered and a long-term follow-up on the
      outpatient basis is recommended.

PMID- 4024814
TI  - [Cerebral contusions in injuries with fractures of the bones of the skull in
      children].
AB  - The authors analyzed 205 cases of skull fractures in children. Linear, depressed
      and comminuted skull fractures as well as ruptures of the cranial commissures
      were revealed. Skull fractures in children were characterized by specific
      features depending on the age, type of fractures and the mechanism of injury and
      were always attended with contusions of the brain. To determine the degree of
      brain contusions, the authors carried out a comprehensive examination with the
      use of electrophysiological and modern laboratory methods (determination of blood
      plasma prostaglandins).

PMID- 4024815
TI  - [Relation between the sequelae of craniocerebral injuries and the site of
      cerebral contusion].
AB  - The study of the consequences of the craniocerebral trauma in 58 patients with
      brain contusion of moderate severity has shown that the localization of contusion
      foci largely determines the nature and degree of posttraumatic changes.

PMID- 4024816
TI  - [Polygraphic features of the structure of nocturnal sleep in pathology of the
      left and right hemisphere in stroke patients].
AB  - The results of polygraphic examination of night sleep in 40 post-stroke patients
      are presented. In 22 of these patients, the focus was localized in the left, and
      in 18, in the right hemisphere. The pattern of sleep was found to vary with the
      hemispherical lateralization of the pathological process. Patients with damage to
      the left hemisphere and aphasia exhibited differences in the phase of rapid sleep
      and the time-course of the activation phenomena on the EEG during sleep related
      to the degree of speech disturbances. When the right hemisphere was impared, the
      most marked disturbances of the sleep pattern were elicited in patients with
      prominent manifestations of anosognosia. The data obtained are considered as
      features characteristic of the dysfunction of the cerebral nonspecific systems
      associated with hemispherical damage.

PMID- 4024818
TI  - [Professorial patient rounds in a nervous diseases clinic].

PMID- 4024819
TI  - Thermal injuries of human tendons.
AB  - Forty-two burn injuries and 22 cold injuries were investigated. Both high
      temperature and cold induced tenocyte necrosis, and denatured and fragmented the
      collagen fibres. As a consequence of severe damages of tendon and of long lasting
      regeneration, it was believed that even in case of incidental healing restoration
      of the original function could not be expected.

PMID- 4024817
TI  - [Thermography in healthy subjects and in the syndrome of vegetative-vascular
      dystonia].
AB  - The effectiveness and information content of thermography were studied in 20
      normal subjects and 40 patients with vegetative vascular dystonia. There were
      some individuals in the control group who had "thermal amputation" and who also
      had some specific features of psychovegetative nature. Patients with vegetative
      vascular dystonia, apart from the syndrome of "thermoamputation" observed in a
      great number of cases, particularly in neurotic patients, had other types of skin
      temperature distribution as well. Thus, patients with hypothalamic insufficiency
      presented with hyperthermia of the distal portions of the extremities and
      asymmetry.

PMID- 4024820
TI  - Arthroplasty combined with cup-plastics in the surgical treatment of congenital
      dislocation of the hip.
AB  - The authors review the arthroplasty combined with cup-plastics in the treatment
      of congenital dislocation of the hip. The indications and surgical exploration
      are discussed in detail. Good results are reported. The complications and their
      solutions are also described. In the recent five years, 100 patients were
      operated by them. Based on their experiences, they suggest this intervention at
      an earlier age, too (i.e. 30 to 40 years). Moreover, they believe it to be an
      important possibility to provide an adequate rehabilitation for patients being
      still of working age.

PMID- 4024821
TI  - Anorectal sarcomas.
AB  - The authors report on their observations of nine patients with anorectal sarcoma.
      They agree with others that best results can be expected from radical surgery.
      Even in operable patients anorectal sarcomas have a worse prognosis than other
      malignant lesions in the same region.

PMID- 4024822
TI  - Lung cancer: long-term survival after surgical treatment.
AB  - The authors have carried out an analysis on a series of 1802 patients with lung
      cancer. 1254 patients were considered operable (69.5%) and 828 were resected.
      Overall 5-year survival rate was 28.3%. Results of surgical treatment were
      analysed in relation to the specific features both of primary tumour and the host
      organism. Although patients affected with epidermoid carcinoma showed a better
      survival as compared to those affected with tumours of other histotypes.
      Conversely long-term results were significantly related to post-surgical stage.
      Patients treated for stage I tumour showed a significantly better long-term
      survival (5-year survival rate 48.2%) as compared to those undergone resection
      for stage II and III neoplasms (22.8% and 12%, respectively; p: less than 0.001).
      From the prognostic standpoint female patients undergone resection showed
      markedly lower long-term survival (5-year survival rate 12.5%) as compared to
      male patients (5-year survival rate 29.5%), but the numerical differences between
      the two groups of patients does not permit to detect statistically significant
      differences (P: less than 0.05). Type and intensity of the immune response affect
      significantly long-term survival.

PMID- 4024823
TI  - [Congenital defects of the motor system].

PMID- 4024824
TI  - [Personal experience in the treatment of osteomyelitis and infected fractures].

PMID- 4024825
TI  - [Principles in the use of silicone implants in finger joints using Swanson's
      technic].

PMID- 4024826
TI  - [New approaches to the classification and treatment of open fractures].

PMID- 4024827
TI  - [Surgical treatment of spinal deformities in very young individuals].

PMID- 4024828
TI  - [Reconstruction of part of the knee joint].

PMID- 4024829
TI  - [Articular synovial osteochondromatosis].

PMID- 4024830
TI  - [Pes planus in children (theoretical part)].

PMID- 4024831
TI  - [The osteocartilaginous junction in large joints].

PMID- 4024832
TI  - [Comprehensive therapy of soft tissue sarcoma].

PMID- 4024833
TI  - [Subluxation and pseudoluxation of the cervical spine in children].

PMID- 4024834
TI  - [Replacement of the necrotic semilunar bone in Kienbock's disease using the
      tendon of the long palmar muscle].

PMID- 4024835
TI  - [Decompensated cirrhosis and jugular turgescence. Hemodynamic study of a case of
      cirrhosis associated with a cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 4024836
TI  - Transient heart block. An unreported toxicity of high dose chemotherapy with
      cyclophosphamide and etoposide.

PMID- 4024837
TI  - Ampicillin induced acute interstitial nephritis and Lyell's syndrome.

PMID- 4024838
TI  - [How to manage urinary lithiasis].

PMID- 4024839
TI  - [How should we proceed when a thyroid nodule is palpated?].

PMID- 4024840
TI  - [Cardiovascular pathology in sleep apnea syndrome. Apropos of a case of severe
      pulmonary arterial hypertension].

PMID- 4024841
TI  - Campylobacter bacteraemia. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature.

PMID- 4024842
TI  - [Exercise-induced left-branch block without cardiac pathology].

PMID- 4024843
TI  - [Evaluation of the incidence of heterozygote thalassemias in immigrants of
      Mediterranean origin living in the Brussels region. Definition of a strategy for
      detection].

PMID- 4024844
TI  - [Pneumococcal peritonitis].

PMID- 4024845
TI  - How should we proceed when a hyponatremia is discovered?

PMID- 4024846
TI  - Drugs recently released in Belgium. Ceftriaxone.

PMID- 4024847
TI  - Systemic sclerosis, aplastic anemia and amyloidosis associated with lung
      carcinoma.

PMID- 4024848
TI  - DNA and S-phase representation in human growth hormone producing pituitary
      adenomas.
AB  - The DNA contents of 33 pituitary adenomas from patients with acromegaly were
      analysed with flow-cytofluorometry. Degrees of ploidy and the proliferation rate,
      expressed as percentage of cells in S-phase, were determined. The aim was to
      compare these morphological and functional tumour properties with clinical and
      laboratory parameters to establish a possible relation and to further elucidate
      the characteristics of these tumours. In 15 tumours (45%) diploid DNA pattern
      were found, while 18 (55%) showed varying degrees of aneuploidy. The frequency of
      cells in S-phase showed wide variations and were equally distributed in diploid
      and aneuploid tumours. Duration of symptoms, age at diagnosis, preoperative
      growth hormone (GH)- and prolactin (Prl)-levels, tumour size and grade of
      invasive tumour growth as determined by radiological estimations, did not
      correlate to ploidy or grade of proliferation. The lack of correlation between
      DNA pattern and proliferation rate in relation to clinical, laboratory and
      radiological parameters in tumours causing acromegaly contrasts to the documented
      relation between the degree of ploidy, cells in proliferation and grade of
      malignancy reported in tumours of other sites. The 55% aneuploid GH producing
      tumours indicate a certain malignant transformation. The high frequency of cells
      in S-phase in several GH secreting tumours completes the malignant morphological
      and functional cell properties. The benign character of tumours causing
      acromegaly is therefore in contrast to these findings. The lack of clinical
      significance of the DNA pattern and the frequency of cells in proliferation in GH
      producing tumours and the benign character despite malignant cell properties in
      most of these tumours are difficult to explain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4024849
TI  - Persistence of a defective tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic function in rats after
      long-term removal of oestrogen treatment. An in vivo study.
AB  - The function of the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons of 49 rats
      bearing oestradiol-valerate (EV)-induced prolactin (Prl) secreting tumours
      (prolactinomas) was evaluated in vivo, 7 months after discontinuation of EV
      treatment, with neuroactive drugs acting via stimulation or inhibition of DA
      neurotransmission. Based on the size and morphologic appearance of the pituitary
      and on determination of plasma Prl levels, rats previously treated with EV could
      be divided into those bearing macro- (31/49) and those bearing micro
      prolactinomas (18/49). Administration of the indirect DA agonist drug nomifensine
      (10 mg/kg iv) lowered plasma Prl levels in control rats, but failed to do so in
      rats bearing either macro- or microprolactinomas. Administration of the DA
      receptor antagonist domperidone (50 micrograms/kg ip) or the synthetic enkephalin
      analogue FK 33-824 (1 mg/kg ip) failed to induce a rise in plasma Prl in rats
      with macro-, but induced a clear-cut rise in plasma Prl in those with
      microprolactinomas. Prl unresponsiveness to all three neuroactive drugs indicates
      that long time after EV withdrawal TIDA neuronal function is still highly
      impaired in rats bearing EV-induced macroprolactinomas. The impairment of TIDA
      neuronal function would be of lesser extent in rats bearing microprolactinomas as
      revealed by a defective response to only one of the three applied neuroendocrine
      probes.

PMID- 4024850
TI  - Early effect of thyroid hormone on cytosolic protein phosphorylation in rat
      anterior pituitary.
AB  - The effect of T3 was studied on phosphorylation of cytosolic proteins in rat
      anterior pituitary. Cytosols obtained from hypothyroid (H) and T3 (50
      micrograms/100 g body weight) injected H rats (T) were phosphorylated in vitro.
      Although total incorporation of 32P into proteins did not differ between H and T,
      analysis of phosphoproteins by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      autoradiography revealed that T3 injection significantly increased
      phosphorylation of 2 proteins within 1 h. These results and our previous
      demonstration of T3 effects on phosphorylation in rat liver cytosol and cultured
      human skin fibroblasts suggest that protein phosphorylation is an important early
      intracellular process in T3 action.

PMID- 4024851
TI  - The vasopressin response to microinjections of norepinephrine into the brain of
      the conscious pig.
AB  - The possibility that the amygdala influences the release of vasopressin has been
      raised by the observation that electrical stimulation of this area results in
      vasopressin release in the conscious animal. Therefore the effect on vasopressin
      concentrations has been studied by microinjections of norepinephrine into the
      amygdala of the conscious miniature pig. The studies were performed on castrated
      male and female pigs with chronically implanted cannulae in the brain and in the
      external jugular vein. Lysine vasopressin concentrations were determined using a
      specific sensitive radioimmunoassay. Microinjections of 1 microliter 0.12 M
      sodium chloride were without effect. Injections of norepinephrine in the dose
      range 10(-4)-10(-10) M had no effect in the male animal but a significant
      vasopressin response could be obtained in the females.

PMID- 4024852
TI  - Inhibition of phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis by serum from
      pregnant women: correlation between cortisol level and in vitro
      immunosuppression.
AB  - Peripheral human blood lymphocytes stimulated by optimal doses of
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were cultured in the presence of serum obtained from
      non-pregnant (controls) and pregnant women at different stages of gestation. A
      significant inhibitory influence on cellular growth was identified in the serum
      from pregnant women from the second trimester onward but more pronounced at the
      end of gestation. This inhibition was strongly correlated with the levels of
      cortisol in the sera. The action of commercial cortisol on lymphocyte reactivity
      in cultures stimulated by various concentrations of PHA and containing either a
      pool of pregnancy sera, or a pool of non-pregnancy sera, or a mixture of these
      pools was also investigated. The hormone provoked a significant inhibition more
      evident when low doses of PHA were used. The same finding occurred with the
      gravida's sera pool supplemented cultures.

PMID- 4024853
TI  - Catechol oestrogen induced initiation of implantation in the delayed implanting
      rat.
AB  - In the rat oestrogen is essential for induction of implantation in a progesterone
      primed uterus. The ability of the catechol oestrogens, 4-hydroxy-oestradiol (4-OH
      E2) and 2-hydroxy-oestradiol (2-OH-E2) to initiate the implantation process (blue
      reaction, indicative of increased endometrial capillary permeability at the
      location of the blastocyst) in hypophysectomized delayed implanting rats was
      compared to that of oestradiol-17 beta (E2). Delayed implantation was maintained
      by daily administration of 2 mg of progesterone. A single sc injection of 100 ng
      of E2 or 400 ng of 4-OH-E2 consistently initiated implantation in all animals.
      When delivered sc via osmotic minipumps at a constant release rate of 10
      ng/microliters/h, implantation of a full complement of embryos was obtained with
      E2 given for 6 or 24 h. This dose 4-OH-E2 was ineffective when administered for
      24 h. However, 25 ng/microliters/h for 24 h was effective. When the dose was
      increased to 50 ng/microliters/h implantation was evident in the majority of
      animals exposed to the hormone for 6 or 8 h; all animals implanted when this dose
      was given for 24 h. In contrast, 2-OH-E2 given at 50 ng/microliters/h for 24 h
      was totally ineffective. When the dose of the latter steroid was raised to 200
      ng/microliters/h implantation was achieved in half of the animals when exposure
      was 24 h. The results suggest that when administered systemically, 4-OH-E2 is
      less potent than E2, but more potent than 2-OH-E2, for initiating
      implantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4024854
TI  - A retrospective analysis 21 to 35 years after birth of hydrocephalic patients
      born from 1946 to 1955. An overall description of the material and the criteria
      used.
AB  - 219 patients diagnosed as having hydrocephalus before the age of 5 years were
      traced 21 to 35 years after birth. Fifty-four patients had had operations, but
      those used before the introduction of ventriculo-atrial shunts did not influence
      the outcome; the series may be considered to represent the natural history of
      hydrocephalus. Based on available information in the case notes, patients were
      divided into 2 groups: 1) proven hydrocephalus, and 2) unproven hydrocephalus.
      Strict criteria were used. Ninety-nine patients (45%) had died. Serious
      prognostic factors as to survival were early admission, increasing head
      circumference, downward displacement of the eyes, and seizures. Together with the
      criteria suggested for proven hydrocephalus, the above factors may act as a
      guideline to operative treatment. Fifty-seven percent of 116 known survivors were
      able to work, 9% lived independently but had no working ability, and 34% needed
      permanent care or supervision. This outcome is similar to that of shunt-operated
      patients followed for a shorter period. The only parameters indicative of socio
      economic independence in adult life were early admission and absence of seizures
      in childhood.

PMID- 4024855
TI  - An improvement in cognitive function following polypharmacy reduction in a group
      of epileptic patients.
AB  - 18 epileptic patients on polypharmacy were assessed, using a battery of
      psychometric tests including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Benton Visual
      Retention Test and Alertness and Concentration tests. The same patients were
      reassessed one year later following a trial to reduce their polypharmacy. The
      results for 12 patients whose treatment was reduced to monotherapy were
      statistically analysed, using the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test. Significant
      changes were found on a number of test scores which included Full Scale WAIS
      I.Q., W.A.I.S. Performance I.Q., Digit Symbol, Block Design and Object Assembly,
      Benton Visual Retention Test Error Score and Concentration Test Score. The other
      tests showed no improvement over baseline. The results point to the improvement
      in some areas of cognitive function which follows a reduction in polypharmacy to
      monotherapy.

PMID- 4024856
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow and CSF pressures during Cushing response induced by
      a supratentorial expanding mass.
AB  - In order to delineate the critical blood flow pattern during the Cushing response
      in intracranial hypertension, regional cerebral blood flow was measured with
      radioactive microspheres in 12 anesthetized dogs at respiratory arrest caused
      either by expansion of an epidural supratentorial balloon or by cisternal
      infusion. Regional cerebrospinal fluid pressures were recorded and the local
      cerebral perfusion pressure calculated in various cerebrospinal compartments. In
      the 8 dogs of the balloon expansion group, the systemic arterial pressure was
      unmanipulated in 4, while it was kept at a constant low level (48 and 70 mm Hg)
      in 2 dogs and, in another 2 dogs, at a constant high level (150 and 160 mm Hg)
      induced by infusion of Aramine. At respiratory arrest, regional cerebral blood
      flow had a stereotyped pattern and was largely independent of the blood pressure
      level. In contrast, concomitant pressure gradients between the various
      cerebrospinal compartments varied markedly in the 3 animal groups, increasing
      with higher arterial pressure. Flow decreased by 85-100% supratentorially and by
      70-100% in the upper brain stem down to the level of the upper pons, while
      changes in the lower brain stem were minor, on the average 25%. When intracranial
      pressure was raised by cisternal infusion in 4 dogs, the supratentorial blood
      flow pattern at respiratory arrest was approximately similar to the flow pattern
      in the balloon inflation group. However, blood flow decreased markedly (74-85%)
      also in the lower brain stem. The results constitute another argument in favour
      of the Cushing response in supratentorial expansion being caused by ischemia in
      the brain stem. The critical ischemic region seems to be located rostrally to the
      oblongate medulla, probably in the pons.

PMID- 4024857
TI  - Anticoagulant-induced intracerebral bleeding in brain ischemia. Evaluation in 200
      patients with TIAs, emboli from the heart, and progressing stroke.
AB  - During a 5-year period, 85 patients with TIAs, 65 patients with embolic brain
      ischemia of cardiac source and 50 patients with progressing stroke received
      intravenous heparin within 96 h. Twelve (6%) developed an early bleeding in the
      area involved by ischemia. In the 2 cases with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
      (2.3%), major functional sequelae persisted and the 2 cases with emboli from
      heart (3.2%) died, whereas among the 8 cases with progressing stroke (16%), only
      3 worsened from anticoagulant-induced bleeding. Intracerebral bleeding was not
      associated with excessive anticoagulation or high blood pressure and was related
      to a large infarction only in the cases with emboli from the heart. Among the 108
      patients who were placed on acenocoumarol during 3-12 months after heparin
      therapy, only one (0.9%) suffered a hemorrhagic infarct from a probable recurrent
      embolization. The risk of anticoagulant-induced intracerebral bleeding is quite
      different between the varieties of preceding ischemic events, with different
      subsequent impact on prognosis.

PMID- 4024858
TI  - The natural history and the influence of surgical treatment in syringomyelia.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was made of the natural history and treatment of 44
      patients with syringomyelia, followed for a median interval of 10 years after
      diagnosis. Twenty-four patients were treated surgically. Four of 12 patients who
      had a laminectomy with aspiration of the syrinx or syringostomy, and 7 of 15
      patients who underwent decompression and exploration of the cervicomedullary
      junction, showed sustained improvement or stabilisation of their neurological
      deficits. When symptoms had been present for more than 2 years, when there was a
      moderate or severe neurological disability, and when the patient was more than 40
      years old, the long-term outlook of posterior fossa surgery was usually poor. Of
      the 20 patients who did not have an operation, 7 had no further progression in
      symptoms after presentation and prolonged survival was usual. It is concluded
      that in many cases syringomyelia is compatible with prolonged survival, and
      although improvement can follow surgery, its influence on the disease in the long
      term is uncertain.

PMID- 4024859
TI  - Cognitive impairment in motor neuron disease.
AB  - A systematic investigation of the cognitive functions of 22 patients affected
      with motor neuron disease (MND) compared to 36 controls matched for age and
      education was performed. The MND group showed cognitive performances slightly but
      significantly lower than the control group; 6 MND patients, however, had
      decidedly pathological values. Cognitive impairment was stereotyped and global,
      with sparing of memory. There was no significant difference between patients with
      isolated involvement of the lower motor neuron and those with associated
      pyramidal involvement. Our neuropsychological findings are in agreement with
      previous clinical, neuroradiological and pathological reports indicating extra
      motor cerebral involvement in MND.

PMID- 4024860
TI  - Enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid plus dipyridamole compared with
      anticoagulants in the prevention of ischemic events in patients with transient
      ischemic attacks.
AB  - From December 1976 through March 1982, 188 patients entered an open non-random
      study carried out on hospitalized patients with a history of transient ischemic
      attacks or amaurosis fugax. Ninety-two patients received peroral anticoagulants
      usually combined with heparin treatment during the first days of treatment, and
      96 patients enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid 0,5 g twice daily plus
      dipyridamole 75 mg twice daily. The patients were followed up to March 1983,
      irrespective of whether treatment was changed or not. Recurrent transient
      ischemic attack or amaurosis fugax occurred more frequently (P less than 0.01)
      from 2 months of follow-up and throughout the observation period in the
      antiplatelet-treated group. There were no statistically significant differences
      between the 2 groups on the originally given treatment for endpoints such as
      stroke (6 patients on anticoagulants, 12 patients on antiplatelet therapy) or
      stroke or death (11 patients on anticoagulants, 17 patients on antiplatelet
      therapy). The findings from this trial suggest that anticoagulant treatment is
      superior to antiplatelet therapy given in the prevention of ischemic attacks and
      that this difference mainly exists during the first one to 2 months after onset
      of transient ischemic attacks or amaurosis fugax.

PMID- 4024861
TI  - Intrathecal synthesis of different alpha-interferons in patients with various
      neurological diseases.
AB  - CSF and sera from 238 newborns and children with various neurological diseases
      were assayed on bovine cells for the presence of alpha-interferon (IFN). An
      intrathecal synthesis of pH 2-resistant alpha-IFN was recovered in all newborns
      and in more than 90% of children with herpes encephalitis. It was also observed
      in one case of mumps encephalitis and in one case of encephalitis associated with
      Influenza A infection. An acid-labile alpha-IFN production was detected in CSF
      from more than one half of patients with viral meningitis or active congenital
      rubella and in those with neurological complications of systemic lupus
      erythematosus. This alpha-IFN subtype was also detected in CSF from only 2/37
      children with measles encephalitis. In contrast, no alpha-IFN (less than 2 IU) in
      CSF was found among patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Guillain
      Barre syndrome, Reye's syndrome, acute cerebellar ataxia, infantile spasms or
      facial paralysis of unknown origin.

PMID- 4024862
TI  - Ferritin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - 15 patients with psychosomatic disease, 26 patients with miscellaneous
      neurological diseases, and 16 patients with cerebrovascular disease were
      investigated with regard to concentrations of ferritin in serum and cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF). The mean CSF ferritin concentration in the psychosomatic group was
      6.2 micrograms/l +/- 2.4 (1 S.D.). Patients with recent cerebral infarction had
      similar values while 2 patients with intracerebral hematomas had very high CSF
      ferritin concentrations. There was a positive correlation between serum and CSF
      ferritin levels and between CSF total protein and ferritin in patients with a
      damaged blood-CSF barrier only. At present, the practical value of analysing
      ferritin in the CSF is very small.

PMID- 4024863
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in medulloblastomas.
AB  - Two cases of medulloblastoma are described which show positive immunostaining for
      glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in many cells. The surgical and autopsy
      specimens were examined by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Positive
      staining for GFAP was demonstrated in the small, round to polygonal cells in both
      surgical specimens and in the small spindle cells in the autopsy specimen of one
      case. In the small, round to polygonal cells positive GFAP was shown as a
      perinuclear brown rim or intracytoplasmic brown droplet. In the small spindle
      cells, the cytoplasm and the polar processes were stained. Except for GFAP
      staining, these positive cells were morphologically indistinguishable from the
      accompanying unstained cells, indicating that GFAP was expressed in the
      medulloblastoma cells. Considering that GFAP is specific for astrocytes, these
      findings suggest the potential of astrocytic differentiation in the neoplastic
      cells of these medulloblastomas. The findings obtained in other 28
      medulloblastomas examined in parallel are also discussed briefly.

PMID- 4024864
TI  - Postnatal sudanophilic leukodystrophy in two siblings.
AB  - Reported here are two siblings with sudanophilic leukodystrophy occurring in
      early infancy. Soon after birth, high fever, distension of the abdomen and
      spasticity of the extremities were noted. Neurologic disorders, frequent
      convulsive seizures, and malnutrition caused both siblings to die at the age of 3
      and 6 months, respectively. Neuropathologic examination of the brain revealed
      diffuse demyelination in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter as well as a
      disturbance of the myelination, especially in the descending pathway. Numerous
      sudanophilic lipids and glial fibers proliferated in the demyelinated areas.
      Neurochemically, there was a marked decrease in all lipid components,
      cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids and an increase in cholesterol ester.
      Fatty-acid composition of cerebroside and sulfatide, especially that of long
      chain acids, was within normal range, unlike the fatty-acid composition found in
      connatal Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. The brain damage in postnatal infant
      caused by frequent convulsive seizures and the severe demyelination in the
      cerebral and cerebellar white matter in both patients are discussed. The cases of
      sudanophilic leukodystrophy and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease occurring in
      children under 5 years of age are reviewed.

PMID- 4024865
TI  - Early changes in experimental denervated rat gastrocnemius muscle. A semi
      automatic quantitative study.
AB  - Computer-aided image analysis of EM images reveals important morphometric
      alterations after only 10 days of rat gastrocnemius denervation. The increasing
      importance of early quantitative changes in human diagnostics is stressed.

PMID- 4024866
TI  - The temporal evolution of hypoglycemic brain damage. I. Light- and electron
      microscopic findings in the rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - In the course of a study on the pathogenesis of neuronal necrosis in severe
      hypoglycemia, the morphological characteristics reflecting reversible and
      irreversible neuronal lesions were examined as a function of time following
      normalization of blood glucose. To that end, closely spaced time intervals were
      studied in the rat cerebral cortex before, during, and up to 1 year after
      standardized pure hypoglycemic insults of 30 and 60 min of cerebral
      isoelectricity. Both the superficial and deep layers of the cerebral cortex
      showed dark and light neurons during and several hours after the insult. By
      electron microscopy (EM) the dark neurons were characterized by marked
      condensation of both karyoplasm and cytoplasm, with discernible, tightly packed
      cytoplasmic organelles. The light neurons displayed clustering of normal
      organelles around the nucleus with clearing of the peripheral cytoplasm. Some
      cells, both dark neurons and neurons of normal electron density, contained
      swollen mitochondria with fractured cristae. Light neurons disappeared from the
      cerebral cortex by 4 h of recovery. Some dark neurons in the superficial cortex
      and almost all in the deep cortex evolved through transitional forms into normal
      neurons by 6 h recovery. Another portion of the dark neurons in the superficial
      cortex became acidophilic between 4 and 12 h, and by EM they demonstrated
      karyorrhexis with stippled electron-dense chromatin. The plasma membrane was
      disrupted, the cytoplasm was composed of amorphous granular debris, and the
      mitochondria contained flocculent densities. These definitive indices of
      irreversible neuronal damage were seen as early as 4-8 h recovery. Subsequently,
      the acidophilic neurons were removed from the tissue, and gliosis ensued. Thus,
      even markedly hyperchromatic "dark" neurons are compatible with survival of the
      cell, as are neurons with conspicuous mitochondrial swelling. Definite nerve cell
      death is verified as the appearance of acidophilic neurons at which stage
      extensive damage to mitochondria is already seen in the form of flocculent
      densities, and cell membranes are ruptured. Our previous results have shown that
      hypoglycemic neocortical damage affects the superficial laminae, chiefly layer 2.
      The present results demonstrate that, following the primary insult, this damage
      evolves relatively rapidly within the first 4-12 h. We have obtained no evidence
      that additional necrotic neurons are recruited after longer recovery periods.

PMID- 4024867
TI  - Experimental neurotoxicity of the anorectic fenfluramine. I. A fine structural
      model for cerebral lysosomal storage and neuroglial reaction.
AB  - Fenfluramine, an amphophilic compound which is a halogenated derivative of
      amphetamine, is still used as an anorectic agent for weight reduction, as it acts
      on the satiety center of the hypothalamus. Holtzman strain rats aged 6 days were
      daily injected s.c. fenfluramine hydrochloride at the dose of 75 mg/kg body
      weight. The animals were killed at different time intervals between days 7 and
      40, and different parts of the brain were examined by light and electron
      microscopy. About half of the animals showed intralysosomal membrano-cytoplasmic
      bodies in the oligodendroglia, neurons, and neuropil, maximally in the animals
      receiving 8-19 injections. They were seen as concentrically arranged, single
      layered lamellae; small dense bodies; or larger heterogeneous bodies. The
      mechanism of production of such inclusions could be the formation of complexes of
      this amphophilic compound with tissue phospholipids, or some enzyme-inhibiting
      action. A marked prominence of dark cells, predominantly oligodendroglia, was
      also noticed in the brains of experimental animals. Some of these cells appeared
      to be dark neurons, probably resulting from the serotonin-depleting effect of
      fenfluramine. A few dark cells were identified as resting microglial cells, while
      macrophagic "reactive microglia" were detected in the brains of very young
      animals. Fenfluramine appears to provide a model for studying neuroglial
      reactions.

PMID- 4024868
TI  - Hirano bodies in the perikaryon of the Purkinje cell in a case of Alzheimer's
      disease.
AB  - Cylindrical forms of Hirano bodies were observed in the perikaryon of a Purkinje
      cell in a case of Alzheimer's disease. Scattered, typical senile plaques were
      also seen in the cerebellar cortex.

PMID- 4024869
TI  - The temporal evolution of hypoglycemic brain damage. II. Light- and electron
      microscopic findings in the hippocampal gyrus and subiculum of the rat.
AB  - Part I of this paper has documented the evolution of dark neurons into
      acidophilic neurons in the superficial laminae as well as the reversion of dark
      neurons to normal neurons in the deep laminae of the cerebral cortex in
      hypoglycemic brain damage. The present study describes the temporal evolution of
      hypoglycemic brain damage in the hippocampus. The evolution of dark neurons to
      acidophilic neurons was confirmed in this brain region. Four additional problems
      were addressed: Firstly, delayed neuronal death was looked for, and was found to
      occur in areas of CA1 undergoing mild damage. However, it was not preceded by a
      morphological free interval, had ultrastructural characteristics distinct from
      delayed neuronal death in ischemia, and hence should be considered a distinct
      phenomenon. Secondly, the gradient in the density of neuronal necrosis in the rat
      hippocampal pyramidal cell band was exploited to test the hypothesis that a more
      severe insult causes a more rapid evolution of neuronal changes. This was found
      to be the case, with a temporal spectrum in the timing of neuronal death:
      Necrosis occurred already after 2 h medially in the subiculum, and was delayed by
      up to several weeks laterally in CA1. Thirdly, the almost universal sparing of
      CA3 pyramidal neurons after 30 min hypoglycemic isoelectricity was exploited to
      address the question of whether reactive changes, which could with certainty be
      deemed reversible, occur in CA3. Mitochondrial injury was seen in these cells,
      and was found to be recoverable. No reactive changes of the type previously
      described following ischemic insults were observed. Fourthly, the astrocytic and
      vascular response of the tissue was studied. A sequence of astrocytic changes
      representing structural and probably metabolic activation of astrocytes was seen,
      consisting of morphological indices of increased turnover of cellular components.
      Capillaries demonstrated endothelial pits, vesicles, and prominent microvilli
      hours to days after recovery. The results demonstrate that, in the hippocampal
      gyrus as in other brain regions, hypoglycemic brain damage is distinct from
      ischemic brain damage and likely has a different pathogenesis.

PMID- 4024870
TI  - The temporal evolution of hypoglycemic brain damage. III. Light and electron
      microscopic findings in the rat caudoputamen.
AB  - The caudate nucleus and putamen belong to the selectively vulnerable brain
      regions which incur neuronal damage in clinical and experimental settings of both
      hypoglycemia and ischemia. We have previously documented the density and
      distribution of the hypoglycemic damage in rat caudoputamen, but the evolution of
      the injury, i.e., the sequence of structural changes, has not been assessed.
      Therefore, in the present study we analyze the light and electron microscopic
      alterations in the caudoputamen of rats exposed to standardized, pure insults of
      severe hypoglycemia with isoelectric EEG for 10-60 min, or in rats which,
      following insults of 30 or 60 min, were allowed to recover for periods from 5 min
      to 6 months. The hypoglycemic insult produced severe nerve cell injury in the
      dorsolateral caudoputamen. Immediately after the insult abnormal light neurons
      with clearing of the peripheral cytoplasm were present. These cells disappeared
      early in the recovery period, as they do in the cerebral cortex. Dark neurons
      were also present, but unlike those in the cerebral cortex they did not appear
      until recovery was instituted. Their number increased for a couple of hours and
      they became acidophilic within 4-6 h. At this stage, electron microscopy revealed
      severe clumping of the nuclear chromatin and cytoplasm as well as incipient
      fragmentation of cell membranes, all these changes indicating an irreversible
      injury. Within 24 h flocculent densities appeared in the mitochondria and by day
      2-3 of recovery the great majority of the medium-sized neurons had undergone
      karyorrhexis and cytorrhexis, their remnants being subsequently removed by
      macrophages. After some weeks only large and a few medium-sized neurons remained
      amidst reactive astrocytes and numerous macrophages. The delay in the appearance
      of dark, lethally injured medium-sized neurons until the recovery was instituted
      suggests an effect that does not become apparent until the substrate supply and
      energy production are restored. Furthermore, it points out again the selectivity
      of the hypoglycemic nerve cell injury with respect to the type (metabolic
      characteristics?) and topographic location of the neurons.

PMID- 4024871
TI  - The distribution of laminin in human brain tumors: an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - The immunohistochemical distribution of laminin in 70 cases of primary and
      secondary brain tumors has been studied. The sections were fixed in Carnoy,
      embedded in paraffin, and treated with collagenase before applying the specific
      immune serum. In normal neural tissue and in gliomas, the distribution of laminin
      overlaps with that of basement membrane, as is known from observations on
      ultrastructure in the literature. The overlapping was observed also in
      neurinomas, papillomas of the choroid plexus, ependymomas, and meningiomas.
      Problems arise in the interpretation of the results in the other oncotypes. In
      hemangiopericytomas and hemangioblastomas, laminin demonstrates a basement
      membrane around the vessels only; it is absent around stromal cells. In
      desmoplastic medulloblastomas, laminin forms a network among the tumor cells. In
      primary lymphomas, concentric rings of laminin are evidenced around some vessels.
      In discussing the results, the ultrastructural distribution of basement membranes
      is taken into account.

PMID- 4024872
TI  - Damage of Purkinje cell axons following chronic phenytoin administration: an
      animal model of distal axonopathy.
AB  - An animal model of central distal axonopathy following chronic administration of
      phenytoin is described. Male C57/BL6J mice received diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in
      the daily diet (liquid diet 'Stardit', supplemented with vitamins) over a period
      of 8 weeks. Control and experimental animals were pair-fed. Twelve mice of both
      groups were perfused via the left ventricle with glutaraldehyde. Representative
      samples of the cerebral cortex (area 3), cerebellum (vermis and deep cerebellar
      nuclei), thalamus, hypothalamus, and liver were embedded in araldite. Semi-thin
      sections and electron microscopy of the cerebellar vermis revealed marked
      dystrophic changes in the Purkinje cell axons. The presynaptic segments of
      Purkinje cell axons in the deep cerebellar nuclei showed massive enlargement and
      swelling due to accumulation of spherical particles and tubular structures in the
      axoplasm. These structures represent a proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum. Identical changes were found in hepatocytes of treated animals.
      Because phenytoin induces hepatic microsomal enzymes, we suggest that phenytoin
      related Purkinje cell damage may be produced by an induction of Purkinje cell
      microsomes with proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum which causes a
      swelling and enlargement of presynaptic segments of Purkinje cell axons in deep
      cerebellar nuclei. Chronic phenytoin administration to mice is a new model of
      phenytoin-induced encephalopathy and of distal axonopathy of cerebellar neurons.

PMID- 4024873
TI  - Succinic and malic dehydrogenase histochemical activities in cerebral, cerebellar
      and neostriatum sections incubated in presence of d-amphetamine.
AB  - The action of d-amphetamine on the histochemical activities of succinic and malic
      dehydrogenases in sections of cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and neostriatum has
      been studied. Meldola blue was used as an exogenous electron carrier in the
      histochemical reactions. The results have demonstrated that d-amphetamine
      increases the activity of the enzymes studied.

PMID- 4024874
TI  - Lead-induced permeability changes in immature vessels of the developing
      cerebellar microcirculation.
AB  - The ultrastructure and microcirculatory permeability changes of lead
      encephalopathy were studied in an animal model using horseradish peroxidase as an
      intravascular tracer. The fine structure of capillary sprouts in the developing
      cerebellar microcirculation of lead-poisoned rats were described. Immature
      vessels, characterized by the presence of endothelial sprouts, were found to have
      focal areas of endothelial injury with degenerating endothelial cells. These
      disruptions of the microcirculatory endothelium had tracer extending from the
      vessel lumen to the surrounding neuropil. The degenerating endothelial cells were
      found as early as 24-28 h after the first administration of lead acetate by
      gastric lavage (2-3-day-old rats). The early injury to endothelial cells of
      immature vessels in the developing microcirculation is suggested as an important
      component of the vascular permeability changes which characterize lead
      encephalopathy. Older animals (5-10 days old) had microaneurysmal vascular
      dilatations which had a complex internal structure formed by endothelial cells.
      These microaneurysmally dilated vessels may represent an endothelial response to
      preceding endothelial injury of immature vessels.

PMID- 4024875
TI  - A quantitative study of blood-brain barrier permeability ultrastructure in a new
      rat glioma model.
AB  - Cerebral edema, a major complication of tumors in the brain, is the result of an
      alteration in the blood-brain barrier (B-BB). The vascular ultrastructural
      changes that underlie edema formation have been described in a variety of tumors.
      Interendothelial junction abnormalities, fenestrations, and large numbers of
      tubulo-vesicular profiles in the tumor vascular endothelium have been presumed to
      represent permeability routes that permit the escape of serum constituents into
      the tumor, from where they flow into the surrounding brain. Descriptive studies
      do not provide information on the relative frequency of these presumptive
      permeability routes. In the study reported here we have quantified
      ultrastructural features associated with the B-BB in the vessels of an
      experimental glioma in rat. We found that approximately 60% of the tumor vessel
      profiles have junctional abnormalities and 30% have one or more fenestrations.
      The density of tubulo-vesicular profiles, however, was not increased. In
      addition, tumor vessel walls were thicker than normal vessels of the same caliber
      and the mitochondrial density was in the range of that for non-barrier vessels.
      Vessels in peritumoral regions were not altered in any of the parameters
      measured.

PMID- 4024876
TI  - Cohort trends in incidence of cervical cancer in Denmark in relation to
      gonorrheal infection.
AB  - In England & Wales and in Scotland an association has been found between the
      cohort pattern in mortality for cervical cancer and gonorrheal infection, used as
      indicator of sexually transmitted diseases in general. An equivalent association
      could not be found in the United States. In Denmark a peak in gonorrheal
      infection was observed towards the end of World War II. The maximum level
      attained in Denmark was higher than reported from the other countries; in
      Copenhagen the attack rate was 3.3 times the rate for the rest of Denmark.
      Incidence data on cervical cancer in Denmark are available from 1943 to 1977. The
      1918-27 birth cohort is assumed to be the one most heavily affected by the
      gonorrhea epidemic during the war. Incidence data accumulated over a broad age
      span show no general excess risk of cervical cancer for women born 1918-27, but
      the incidence is increased for this cohort 15-20 years after the gonorrheal
      infection. The cervical cancer rates are higher for women in Copenhagen than for
      all Danish women, but the excess risks for the affected cohorts are less
      systematic here. The limited size of the population in Copenhagen, migrations,
      and an intensive screening are possible explanations for the divergence between
      the results for all of Denmark and for Copenhagen. The study indicates an
      association in Denmark between sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer,
      and the study shows the importance of taking the risk-modifying effect of
      screening into account in studies of etiology for cervical cancer.

PMID- 4024877
TI  - Screening in pregnancy with unconjugated estriol compared with total estriol.
AB  - An obstetric population was screened 'blind' by measuring unconjugated estriol
      (ucE3) and total estriol (tE3) in serum. The purpose was firstly to ascertain the
      predictive values of ucE3 for the prediction of low birth weight and distressed
      neonates (perinatal deaths included), and secondly to compare the predictive
      values of ucE3 and tE3. The main material consisted of 1018 singleton pregnancies
      with known term, who would not have undergone estriol (E3) measurement had it not
      been for this investigation. The study was carried out prospectively, and the
      obstetricians had no knowledge of the E3 values in the screened pregnancies. When
      at least one of the ucE3 values was low, the risk of having a small for
      gestational age (SGA) infant was 22%. Low tE3 implied a 27% risk. When both were
      low, the risk of a SGA infant was 54%. The percentages of SGA infants found were
      18, 19, and 12%, when ucE3, tE3, or both respectively, were low. ucE3 does not
      appear to be superior to tE3. From the predictive values found in this study,
      screening of a total obstetric population with ucE3 and/or tE3 cannot be
      recommended.

PMID- 4024878
TI  - Correlation between 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and red cell mass in the third
      trimester of pregnancy.
AB  - In 30 non-anemic, and in 7 non-thalassemic, anemic pregnant women the red cell
      mass (RCM) was determined at 32-36 weeks of pregnancy, using isotopes, and was
      correlated with red cell 2,3-DPG, using the method of Keitt. The increase in 2,3
      DPG in pregnant women with low RCM was in the same range as in those with
      increased RCM. Thus, 2,3-DPG can not be used to diagnose a RCM deficit in
      pregnancy. The relationship between 2,3-DPG and RCM in the third trimester was
      complex: in the 7 anemic women there was an inverse relationship, which failed to
      reach statistical significance, probably because of the small number of cases; in
      the 30 non-anemic women there was a significant, positive correlation between 2,3
      DPG and RCM. The cause of this positive relationship needs further investigation.

PMID- 4024879
TI  - Comparison of cellular levels of steroid receptors in uterine leiomyoma and
      myometrium.
AB  - To support the estrogen hypothesis in the pathogenesis of leiomyoma, total
      cellular estrogen receptor (ER) levels (the sum of levels in cytosol and nuclear
      KCl-extractable and nuclear non-KCl-extractable fractions) were assayed and
      compared with levels of progestin (PR) and androgen (AR) receptors in the
      leiomyoma and the corresponding myometrium. The ratios of ER to PR or AR levels
      were higher (with statistical significance) in leiomyoma than in the
      corresponding normal myometrium, both in terms of total cellular levels in each
      individual case and nuclear levels. It appears that estrogen sensitivity is
      higher in the leiomyoma than in the corresponding myometrium, due to the relative
      increase in ER.

PMID- 4024880
TI  - Rupture of the uterus in labor. A review of 96 cases.
AB  - Ninety-six cases of ruptured uterus in labor treated in the University Teaching
      Hospitals, Benghazi, Libya between 1977 and 1980 are reported. An incidence of 1
      in 585 deliveries remained unchanged during the period of study. Twenty uterine
      ruptures occurred in a previously scarred uterus. Rupture of the unscarred uterus
      is a more catastrophic event. There is a marked difference in both fetal and
      maternal outcome between the group with a previously scarred uterus and the group
      without a previous scar. The incidence and causes of uterine rupture in Libya
      differ greatly from those in developed countries. High parity is a frequent
      cause. Other common etiological factors were cephalopelvic disproportion, fetal
      malpresentation, oxytocin stimulation of labor and unwise obstetrical
      interference. The fetal wastage was high, a perinatal mortality of 75% being
      recorded, but 95% of the mothers were saved. Hysterectomy was commonly performed
      in this group. Repair of the uterus and sterilization should only be performed
      when the rupture is simple and transverse in the lower segment and without any
      sign of infection.

PMID- 4024881
TI  - Males born in breech presentation 18 years after birth.
AB  - Forty-two singleton males in breech presentation born vaginally in 1962-63 were
      re-examined 18 years later at the medical draft board. Compared with all
      Norwegian conscripts of the same birth cohort, the study group exhibited no
      statistical difference as regards mortality, morbidity or general intelligence
      levels.

PMID- 4024882
TI  - Bladder tumor as apparent cause of vaginal bleeding in pregnancy.
AB  - The purpose of publishing this case story concerning macroscopic hematuria during
      pregnancy, is to draw attention to causes of bleeding in the pregnant. The cause
      in this case was found to be a papillomatous tumor originating from the bladder.
      This is emphasized as a possibility in the differential diagnosis from other
      causes of hemorrhage during the third trimester.

PMID- 4024883
TI  - Intra-uterine fetal death and thrombosis of the umbilical vessels.
AB  - Intra-uterine fetal death associated with thrombosis of the umbilical cord
      vessels is a rarely described condition. Three cases are now reported and the
      possible genesis of the thrombosis is discussed, with particular regard to the
      significance of disturbances in the fetal circulation.

PMID- 4024884
TI  - An unusual case of cervical pregnancy.
AB  - A very rare case of an unruptured cervical pregnancy, diagnosed by vaginal
      examination is described. An elective abdominal hysterectomy was performed. No
      complications related to this entity occurred during treatment. Clinical
      management and literature are discussed.

PMID- 4024885
TI  - Torsion of the fallopian tube during pregnancy.
AB  - We describe 3 cases of torsion of the Fallopian tube during pregnancy, caused by
      sactosalpinx, a cyst of the mesosalpinx, and an ovarian cyst. Other causes of
      torsion of the Fallopian tube are discussed. The difficulty of diagnosing this
      condition during pregnancy is emphasized.

PMID- 4024886
TI  - Harmonic versus impulsive acceleration testing of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in
      normal humans.
AB  - Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was tested in 9 normal humans by using both
      harmonic (sinusoidal) and impulsive (post-rotatory) angular accelerations. VOR
      gain and main time constant were 0.49 +/- 0.20 and 15.48 +/- 2.26 s,
      respectively, when computed from sinusoidal responses, 0.45 +/- 0.17 and 14.28 +/
      3.07 s when computed from impulse responses. Paired comparison could not prove
      statistically significant differences between the two sets of data. The
      conclusion is drawn that, in normals, equivalent information about VOR static and
      dynamic characteristics can be derived from either harmonic acceleration or post
      rotatory tests.

PMID- 4024887
TI  - Three-year results of combined modality therapy in locally advanced, resectable
      squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
AB  - Results of a combined therapy, consisting of preoperative chemotherapy, radical
      resection and postoperative irradiation, of 51 locally advanced, previously
      untreated, resectable squamous cancers of the head and neck are reported. The
      overall response rate to chemotherapy was 58.5% (with 33% complete remissions)
      and higher in carcinomas of the oral cavity and hypopharynx than of the
      supraglottis and oropharynx. Three year survival was 53% for the entire group,
      75% for hypopharyngeal, 58% for oral, 50% for supraglottic and 32% for
      oropharyngeal lesions, in responders to chemotherapy statistically significant
      higher than in non responders and only 18% in the fifteen patients who developed
      recurrences.

PMID- 4024888
TI  - Reconstruction of the airway with a composite alloplastic and autogenous graft.
      An experimental study.
AB  - A method by which an alloplast can be lined with mucosa and thereafter used as a
      composite pedicled graft is described and discussed. Autogenous buccal mucosa was
      transplanted to the pretracheal region in five beagles. Subsequently a cyst
      developed in which the graft constituted the main part of the cyst wall. After 5
      to 6 weeks the cyst was explored and a Proplast sheet was sutured to its
      exterior. After another 3-9 weeks the area was explored again. A composite graft
      had then formed comprising buccal mucosa on the outside, stabilized by Proplast
      and supplied by blood vessels arising from the strap muscles and their fascia.
      After opening of the cyst, the composite graft was used to repair a tracheal
      defect in the same dog. All of the dogs survived and they did not lose any
      weight. The graft areas were removed 5 1/2-9 months after the tracheal window
      repair. Tracheoscopy was performed at least twice on each dog. The grafted areas
      were also studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and
      transmission electron microscopy. The grafts survived in all cases. There was no
      tendency towards graft extrusion. Connective tissue cells predominated in the
      pores of the Proplast framework, in which small foci of metaplastic bone
      formation were also seen.

PMID- 4024889
TI  - Late complications after irradiation treatment for cervical adenitis in
      childhood. A 60-year follow-up study.
AB  - Irradiation against benign cervical adenitis in children was formerly a widely
      used form of treatment which has caused a great number of late complications,
      mostly various benign and malignant tumours in the head and neck area, especially
      in the thyroid gland. In a follow-up study on 63 individuals irradiated at
      Karlstad Hospital between 1917 and 1929 we found, in addition to these changes,
      two hitherto not reported complications. Laryngeal stenoses occurred in 27 cases,
      17 of which so severe that they eventually required permanent tracheostomies and
      11 had fibrous strictures of the upper esophagus, repeated dilatations have been
      necessary in many of these cases. These complications were mostly seen in those
      who had been irradiated at an early age, the laryngeal stenoses appear to be
      caused by a general retardation or inhibition of the normal growth of the
      laryngeal cartilages resulting in a microlarynx. One possible explanation for
      these previously not reported sequelae might be the exceptionally high
      irradiation doses these persons were exposed to up to 60 years ago.

PMID- 4024890
TI  - The recovery of vascular changes following brief noise exposure.
AB  - Histological measures of cochlear vasculature and blood flow were examined in 20
      guinea pigs. Sixteen were exposed to octave band noise at 120 dB SPL for 30 min
      and then permitted to survive after the exposure for 6 h, 18 h, 48 h, or 4 weeks
      (N = 4 in each group). Control animals were exposed to the laboratory and
      apparatus but not to the noise and then sacrificed after 48 h (N = 2) or 4 weeks
      (N = 2). Statistically significant results indicate that the noise exposure
      resulted in reduced RBCs in the cochlea for animals permitted to survive 6 to 18
      h after the noise exposure. These changes, however, were no longer apparent in
      animals which were permitted to survive 48 h or 4 weeks after the noise exposure.
      The vascular sequelae of 30 min exposure to 120 dB octave band noise appear to
      recover within a few days of the exposure.

PMID- 4024891
TI  - A ferritin-containing cell type in the stria vascularis of the mouse inner ear.
AB  - This report describes a new cell type within the stria vascularis of the mouse
      inner ear. The cell is similar ultrastructurally to the classically described
      intermediate cell. However, it can be distinguished by the presence of dense
      vacuoles, presumably lysosomes, within which can be visualized electron dense
      particles resembling ferritin molecules. In addition, the ferritin-like particles
      are present throughout the cytoplasm and occasionally within the endoplasmic
      reticulum. These cells characteristically abut capillary basal lamina. Electron
      probe analysis of the dense vacuoles revealed the presence of iron. It is
      suggested that these cells may sequester iron released from dying erythrocytes in
      the strial capillary system, whereupon the iron is conserved through ferritin
      synthesis.

PMID- 4024892
TI  - Prediction of post-operative middle ear pressure changes after general
      anaesthesia with nitrous oxide.
AB  - There has been a growing interest in the changes of pressure which occur in the
      middle ears of patients undergoing general anaesthesia. In this study the time
      course of middle ear pressure change was investigated in 38 adult E.N.T. patients
      scheduled for surgery under general anaesthesia with nitrous oxide. There was
      found to be a strong correlation between the magnitude of the post-operative
      middle ear pressure and the theoretical partial pressure of nitrous oxide within
      the middle ear cleft at the cessation of anaesthesia. The use of the mathematical
      model developed together with measurements of middle ear pressure taken for
      several minutes after intubation in any one patient allows prediction of the
      likely magnitude of the post-operative middle ear pressure change.

PMID- 4024893
TI  - Histology of the tympanic perforation and the replacement membrane.
AB  - This study shows that the mucocutaneous junction of a perforation of the tympanic
      membrane may be located at the margin, in the middle ear, or in the ear canal. It
      is incumbent upon the surgeon performing myringoplasty to identify this junction
      in order to optimize the success of surgery. About one-third of the healed area
      following perforation has an intermediate fibrous layer. The membranes in 2 cases
      of myringoplasty evidenced thicker-than-normal intermediate layers.

PMID- 4024894
TI  - The effect of the rotational magnification of corrective spectacles on the
      quantitative evaluation of the VOR.
AB  - The gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (slow-phase eye velocity/chair velocity,
      measured in the dark) was compared in 11 normal healthy subjects who habitually
      wore corrective spectacles of varying strength. The rotational magnification (or
      prismatic effect) induced by habitually wearing corrective spectacles caused the
      VOR gain measured in darkness to vary systematically with diopter of correction.
      Even when allowances were made for the inherent variability of measurement of the
      VOR gain, myopes tended to have lower gains and hyperopes higher gains. This
      study demonstrates that the clinician should account for spectacle adaptation to
      properly interpret the results of vestibular function tests.

PMID- 4024895
TI  - Neurological evidence for dissociation of pursuit and optokinetic systems.
AB  - Patients with neurological disease were examined for dissociations between the
      performance capabilities of pursuit, immediate onset passive and active
      optokinetic responses to determine whether these functions are subserved by
      separate mechanisms. We found a patient in whom pursuit was intact in the
      presence of severely impaired optokinetic responses and another in whom
      optokinetic responses were intact in the presence of severely deranged pursuit.
      These dissociations suggest that pursuit and immediate onset optokinetic
      responses are mediated, to some extent, by separate mechanisms as the results are
      not explicable in terms of a continuum of performance ability related to target
      size. Another patient, who had virtually no pursuit or passive optokinetic
      responses, produced high slow phase velocities of active optokinetic response,
      which demonstrates that the active form of optokinetic response can be more than
      a linear addition of pursuit and passive optokinetic responses.

PMID- 4024896
TI  - The effect of lateral head tilt on horizontal postrotatory nystagmus I and II and
      the Purkinje effect.
AB  - The influence of an active lateral head tilt on postrotatory nystagmus I and II
      (PI, PII) was explored in normal humans. During postrotatory nystagmus the head
      was tilted laterally either towards the direction of the previous rotation
      (ipsilateral tilt) or towards the opposite direction (contralateral tilt) or the
      head was kept erect. Both ipsi- and contralateral head tilts led to a
      substantially weaker and shorter PI and PII as compared with the trial without
      head tilt. The time constants of the decline of PI were shortened to the ones
      observed in the peripheral nerve of animals. The reduction of PI and PII suggests
      a position-dependent tonic inhibition of the vestibular storage mechanism in the
      vestibular nuclei probably by the otoliths. The stronger reduction of time
      constant and cumulative amplitude of PI after contralateral as compared with
      ipsilateral head tilt may be explained by different combinations of asymmetric
      responses in canal and otolith afferents.

PMID- 4024897
TI  - A comparison of different methods for assessing the 'intensity' of tinnitus.
AB  - Questions are raised about the technical and psychological interpretation of
      loudness match measures in the assessment of tinnitus "intensity". The effect of
      hearing threshold on loudness matches expressed in sensation level (SL) was
      investigated by selecting subjects with different degrees of hearing loss. The
      loudness match expressed in SL was found to be a function of threshold.
      Correlations were then determined between psychological scales of tinnitus
      complaint (reported loudness, distress, intrusiveness, and others) and loudness
      match expressed in HL, SL, sones, or personal loudness units (PLUs). Only matches
      expressed in PLUs were significantly correlated with reported loudness or other
      psychological scales. The PLU transformation, derived from an individually
      determined loudness function, produces values that are generally independent of
      other audiometric measures. It is therefore recommended for assessing tinnitus
      "intensity".

PMID- 4024898
TI  - Detection of normal-hearing carriers of the gene for the autosomal dominant
      progressive sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Normal-hearing carriers of genes for autosomal dominant progressive sensorineural
      hypacusis can apparently be detected in families where this hearing disorder
      appears. In a group of 32 persons from four families, 13 carriers of the gene
      with subjectively good hearing and normal audiometric curves were found. Due to
      the pathologically elevated threshold of stapedial reflexes and in some cases to
      the presence of positive recruitment, these 13 persons fit in the clinical
      concept of an incipient disease. Beside these subclinical aberrations, the
      audiometric examination revealed a moderate to severe sensorineural hypacusis in
      17 persons with already developed hearing impairment. Careful examinations with
      suprathreshold tests may enable us to detect carriers of the gene for autosomal
      dominant progressive sensorineural hypacusis; this circumstance can be utilized
      for establishing prognoses with respect to hearing function in the affected
      families.

PMID- 4024899
TI  - Hyperlipidemia and noise in the chinchilla.
AB  - Chinchillas were maintained on a 1% cholesterol diet for 6 months. Auditory
      Brainstem Response (ABR) measurements were obtained before and at 1, 3, 5, and 6
      months after initiation of diet. Compound Action Potential (AP) measurements were
      obtained at sacrifice at 6 months. A significant reduction in ABR was seen at 5
      months-on-diet. At 5 months, the animals were exposed to a 2 octave bandpass
      noise centered at 1 kHz at 105 dB for 220 min. One month following noise
      exposure, the cholesterol-fed animals exhibited a greater ABR latency shift at
      low intensities, and an elevated AP threshold at higher frequencies, vis-a-vis a
      control group.

PMID- 4024900
TI  - The developing electrolytes concentrations of inner ear fluids in guinea pigs.
AB  - Cochlear endolymph, scala tympani perilymph, and scala vestibuli perilymph were
      collected from fetal, neonatal, and mature guinea pigs. The concentrations of Na
      and K in these fluids were then assessed using a microflame photometer. The
      electrolyte composition in the endolymph was already characterized by a high
      concentration of K and a low concentration of Na by the 49th day of gestation.

PMID- 4024901
TI  - Auditory disorders following head injury in children.
AB  - 199 children with blunt head injury were examined. Eighteen fractures of the
      temporal bone were found, two of which were transverse. In both cases the damaged
      ear remained completely deaf. Of the 16 longitudinal fracture patients, one was
      left with a persistent 27 dB conductive hearing loss. In another, surgery
      revealed fractures of the stapedial crura. Persistent sensorineural hearing loss
      (greater than or equal to 30 dB) at high frequencies (4 to 8 kHz) was observed in
      7% of patients. The results of the audiological tests led to the conclusion that
      sensorineural hearing loss in association with head injury is generally located
      in the inner ear. The auditory sequelae after head injury in children were found
      to be similar to those reported earlier in adults.

PMID- 4024903
TI  - Anatomical variations and relations of the bony portion of the eustachian tube.
AB  - The bony portion of the Eustachian tube was examined, using anatomical and
      histological methods, on 200 temporal bones of adults. This part of the tube
      averages 11.38 mm in length, its tympanic opening has an average diameter of 5.20
      X 3.95 mm, and its lumen can be of an irregular (45%), rectangular (35%) or
      triangular (20%) shape. The dimensions of the bony portion of the tube diminish
      gradually toward the isthmus, so that in the middle the average diameter is 4.02
      X 3 mm and at the level of the isthmus, 2.5 X 1.5 mm. The outer wall forms the
      tympanic plate of the tympanic bone, which in 65% of the cases is compact and in
      35% finely pneumatized. On this wall bony trabeculae often appear, which more or
      less block the lumen of the tube. The medial part of the upper wall forms the
      bony septum toward the m. tensor tympani and the lateral represents the tegmen.
      The average distance from the lumen of the tube to the dura at the level of the
      tegmen is 3.62 mm. The tegmen above the tube may be pneumatized (45%) or compact
      (55%). The lower wall in 20% of the cases is represented by a shallow groove, and
      if formed is usually convex into the tube's lumen, but is less often concave. The
      jutting out of the lower wall is usually caused by its pneumatization.

PMID- 4024902
TI  - Cochlear blood flow studied with microspheres. A comparison between two different
      modifications of the microsphere method.
AB  - In albino rabbits, spontaneously hypertensive rats, and guinea pigs, cochlear
      blood flow was measured with the microsphere method, using radioactively labelled
      microspheres technique and a gammaspectrometer. This 'conventional' microsphere
      method was compared with a new technique for measurements of cochlear blood flow:
      a modification of the 'radioactive' microsphere technique and the soft surface
      specimen technique. Values obtained for cochlear blood flow by the two different
      methods were similar. Consequently, the microsphere surface technique is a
      suitable alternative to the classical radioactive microsphere method for blood
      flow determinations in the cochlea.

PMID- 4024904
TI  - Anatomical variations and relations in the medial wall of the bony portion of the
      eustachian tube.
AB  - The medial wall of the bony portion of the Eustachian tube was examined, by
      anatomical and histological methods, in 150 temporal bones of adults. This wall
      consists of two parts: posterolateral (labyrinthine) and anteromedial (carotid),
      whose shapes, sizes and relations depend upon the position of the a. carotis
      interna. If it is located nearer the tympanic opening of the tube, the
      labyrinthine part of the wall is smaller and has a triangular shape. The further
      the artery is removed from the tympanic opening of the tube, the greater and more
      rectangular the shape of this part of the wall. The part of the medial wall which
      corresponds to the a. carotis interna can differ in each case and in 69% of the
      cases this part extended more or less into the lumen of the tube. The average
      thickness of this part of the wall is 1.5 mm (minimum is wafer-thin and maximum
      is 3 mm). In 2% of the cases the bony wall above the a. carotis interna was
      missing, so that the artery projected into the protympanum. Through a bone
      defect, aneurysm of the artery can develop. In one case, during an operation, it
      was established that the protrusion of the a. carotis interna into the tympanic
      cavity was due to a defect in the medial wall of the Eustachian tube.

PMID- 4024905
TI  - Non-collagen proteins of stapedial bone matrix in perilymph of otosclerotic
      patients.
AB  - Non-collagen proteins extracted from the otosclerotic stapes footplate,
      superstructure and temporal cortical bone were compared with the protein patterns
      of normal and otosclerotic perilymph by analytical isotachophoresis (ITP). Normal
      and otosclerotic perilymph yielded basically identical isotachophoretic
      subfractions. Thirteen subfractions were detected moving as anions at pH 9.6 in
      the normal perilymph, versus 16 subfractions of similar character in the
      otosclerotic perilymph. Of these 16 protein subfractions, one (which was not
      detected in the normal perilymph) could be found in the ITP-gram of the stapes
      footplate non-collagen proteins, but not of the stapes superstructure or temporal
      cortical bone. Our results support the concept that protein can enter the inner
      ear fluid spaces from the otosclerotic bone. The biological significance of these
      proteins has not yet been clarified.

PMID- 4024906
TI  - The causes of asymmetry of the mastoid air cell system.
AB  - Starting from age 2 up to 7 years, 79 otherwise healthy children underwent nine
      tympanometric tests. At the age of 7, mastoid X-rays were obtained and the air
      cell areas measured by planimetry. The mean area was 8.4 cm2, with a left-right
      mean difference of 1.57 cm2. The children could be divided into three groups: (1)
      the ears with the smallest cell system associated with abnormal tympanograms
      (i.e. 'agreement'); (2) the ears with the largest cell system associated with
      abnormal tympanograms (i.e. 'disagreement'); (3) children with symmetrical cell
      systems and tympanograms. Significant majority of children showed 'agreement'.
      The results indicate that the size of the mastoid air cell system is determined
      by the degree of pathological involvement of the middle ear during childhood.

PMID- 4024907
TI  - Caloric vestibular test in the weightless phase of parabolic flight.
AB  - Twenty-four caloric vestibular tests were conducted in 20 test subjects during
      parabolic flight, in which weightless periods of about 10 seconds were elicited.
      The caloric nystagmus disappeared completely in all experiments in
      weightlessness, whereas in the higher G-periods the speed of the nystagmus
      increased. With regard to the modes of response during the periods with increased
      G-values prior to and following the weightlessness, four different types could be
      distinguished. In mode I the speed of the slow nystagmus phase increased in the
      higher G-periods, the nystagmus showed a prolonged duration, while in
      weightlessness it faded out completely. A reversed nystagmus appeared when the
      primary caloric nystagmus had disappeared. In modes II, III and IV the direction
      of the nystagmus reversed during weightlessness. In modes II and III this
      reversed nystagmus appeared even when the primary caloric nystagmus had
      disappeared. In mode III the nystagmus resembled the type of mode II, with the
      difference that it faded away much earlier than could be expected. In mode IV the
      primary nystagmus lasted rather briefly, while the reversed nystagmus during
      weightlessness was also much shorter. The experiments produced two remarkable
      facts: the appearance of a nystagmus reversal, a 'secondary nystagmus', in all
      experiments in weightlessness, and furthermore great differences in findings
      between the individuals as well as between experiments in the same person. The
      only explanation for the inconsistency in the findings is the assumption that
      effects on other canals, otoliths and vestibular nuclei are continuously changing
      and therefore interfere with the only endproduct measured, the horizontal
      nystagmus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4024908
TI  - Intervestibular integration and its clinical consequences.
AB  - Research during the last twenty years has led to the conclusion that it is time
      for a more integrated and dynamic view on the physiological and
      pathophysiological process during clinical vestibular stimulation and perhaps
      also to reevaluate the interpretation of the findings. Ten patients with absence
      of function in one labyrinth were exposed to caloric and rotatory stimulation
      several times during the compensating period of 8 weeks. In the acute state,
      caloric irrigation of the normal ear with 30 degrees or rotatory stimulation
      toward the damaged ear resulted in total inhibition of the spontaneous nystagmus.
      In the chronic state the same investigation reversed the spontaneous nystagmus in
      the opposite direction. The investigation has shown that it is possible
      clinically to study the reactions of every single neuron in the vestibular ocular
      reflex pathway and in this way establish a more topographic diagnosis.

PMID- 4024909
TI  - Transdermally administered scopolamine vs. dimenhydrinate. I. Effect on nausea
      and vertigo in experimentally induced motion sickness.
AB  - The effect of transdermally administered scopolamine (TTS-scopolamine) (2.5 cm2
      surface area, one and two patches) and dimenhydrinate (100 mg) on experimental
      motion sickness was examined in 16 healthy volunteers in a randomized double
      blind study. Nausea was induced by Coriolis manoeuvre and vertigo by calorization
      of the ear. In all subjects, scopolamine was found in urine in concentrations
      indicating adequate absorption of the drug. One TTS-scopolamine, two TTS
      scopolamine and dimenhydrinate caused a statistically significant reduction in
      nausea when compared with placebo. Dimenhydrinate was somewhat more effective
      against nausea than one TTS-scopolamine. Vertigo was significantly reduced after
      dimenhydrinate and two TTS-scopolamine. Side effects of both drugs were
      negligible, though gait disturbances and vertigo could occur occasionally after
      two TTS-scopolamine. No dose-response relationship was found between the urinary
      excretion of scopolamine and alleviation of nausea. Dimenhydrinate and TTS
      scopolamine are both effective against motion sickness, the latter provided it is
      applied 6 to 8 hours before exposure to the stimulus causing the motion sickness.

PMID- 4024910
TI  - Transdermally administered scopolamine vs. dimenhydrinate. II. Effect on
      different types of nystagmus.
AB  - The effects of transdermally administered scopolamine (TTS-scopolamine) (release
      rate 5 micrograms/h, one and two patches) and dimenhydrinate (100 mg) on caloric,
      angular acceleration induced and optokinetic nystagmus were examined in 16
      volunteers in a randomized double-blind study. All drugs induced a statistically
      significant decrease in maximum velocity of caloric nystagmus, as compared with
      placebo. In the rotatory test, two TTS-scopolamine and dimenhydrinate reduced the
      vestibular gain significantly. No changes were observed in time constant. In the
      optokinetic test, all drugs tended to reduce the responses, but a statistically
      significant reduction was found only after two TTS-scopolamine. The results
      indicate that the drugs effective against motion sickness reduce the nystagmic
      response, which at least partly explains the mode of action of the drugs. The
      target organ of the drugs is presumably the vestibular nucleus, where vestibular
      and visual impulses are integrated to ensure optimal gain for vestibular
      orientation reflexes.

PMID- 4024911
TI  - Activation of the impaired nasal mucociliary function. A preliminary clinical
      study.
AB  - The effect of HR-6 solution containing adenosine triphosphate 10 mg/ml on the
      impaired nasal mucocililary function in 13 patients was studied. The nasal
      mucociliary function measured with the radioisotopic method using 99Tc-labelled
      human serum albumin as a tracer substance was markedly impaired in all patients.
      The patients had had symptoms of upper and/or lower respiratory tract infections
      for 8 1/2 years, on the average. The nasal mucociliary function ranged from 0 to
      5.0 mm/minute, mean 2.0 mm/minute. In this single dose study the test drug
      improved nasal mucociliary function by at least 1.4 mm/minute in 77% of the
      patients and by at least 2.8 mm/minute in 54% of the patients. This preliminary
      study indicates the need for further examinations with the HR-6 in patients with
      impaired mucociliary function.

PMID- 4024912
TI  - H1 and H2 histamine receptors in the in vitro nasal mucosa.
AB  - The effect of histamine was studied on canine nasal blood vessels with an in
      vitro muscle tension measuring technique. Observations suggest that histamine has
      at least four different effects: 1) inhibits the contraction induced by nerve
      terminal stimulation, 2) relaxes the smooth muscle under sustained contraction,
      3) contracts the smooth muscle, 4) enhances (nor)epinephrine-induced contraction.
      Both H1 and H2 histamine receptors were identified in the mucosal blood vessels
      of the canine nasal septum. H1 receptors were present at the surface of vascular
      smooth muscle and mediated the contractile response (3) due to opening calcium
      influx channels. H2 receptors existed at both sympathetic nerve terminals and the
      muscle cell membrane. Stimulation of either H2 receptor caused muscle relaxation.
      The presynaptic H2 receptors mediated vasodilation through the inhibition of
      norepinephrine release from the nerve endings. Postsynaptic H2 receptors caused
      direct muscle relaxation possibly through an increase in cyclic AMP. Both H1 and
      H2 antagonists worked well, whereas agonists did not properly produce
      theoretically expected results in these specimens.

PMID- 4024913
TI  - Light and electron microscopy of varicose vessels and telangiomas in the nasal
      mucosa of habitual nosebleeders.
AB  - Biopsy specimens of abnormal vessels in the nasal mucosa of 42 habitual
      nosebleeders (22 with telangiomas, 20 with varicose vessels) were examined with
      light and electron microscopy. There were no specific morphologic features that
      distinguished the wall structure of solitary varicose vessels from that of
      telangiomatous lesions consisting of multiple vessel branches. Thus, in both
      categories of vascular malformations a disproportionately thin and simple wall
      lined the large lumina. Mostly, the endothelium was the only component in the
      wall. The endothelium could consist of extremely thin, seemingly degenerating,
      cells that at some points even failed to form a continuous tunic. At other areas
      of the same vessel circumference patches of thick, organelle-rich, 'active'
      endothelial cells could be seen and endothelial cells with intermediate
      structural characteristics were also found. It is suggested that these
      endothelial cell appearances represent different stages of cellular
      proliferation, maturation, and ageing, i.e. turnover. The periendothelial lamina
      was occasionally multilayered. The large, thin-walled abnormal vessels were
      covered with scarce connective tissue and a rather thin epithelium. For simple
      mechanical reasons it is obvious that bleeding, i.e. vessel wall rupture, is
      easily elicited in these vascular channels and that control of hemorrhage is
      defect due to the absence of a true muscular media. The findings give rise to
      interesting questions as to the initiation and control of the abnormal angiogenic
      response(s) in the nasal mucosa manifested clinically as recurrent epistaxis.

PMID- 4024914
TI  - Blood flow in the rabbit sinus mucosa during experimentally induced chronic
      sinusitis. Measurement with a diffusible and with a non-diffusible tracer.
AB  - Chronic sinusitis was induced in New Zealand White rabbits. Access to the sinus
      cavity in question was obtained through a hole drilled in the dorsum of the nose,
      and for induction of sinusitis either cotton wool together with a suspension of
      10(8) Streptococcus pneumoniae was introduced, or this method was combined with
      blocking of the sinus ostium with methacrylate. In 9 rabbits (weight range 3.6
      5.0 kg), blood flow was determined 5 weeks-9 months after the induction of
      sinusitis, at a point in time when heavy inflammatory signs were present. The
      blood flow was determined both with radioactively labelled microspheres 16 +/-
      1.5 micron in diameter and with Rb86Cl. Cardiac output as determined with the
      microsphere method was 127 +/- 28 ml X min-1 X 1 000 g-1. The blood flow in the
      sinus mucosa was 0.60 +/- 0.16 ml X min-1 X g-1 with the microsphere method and
      0.51 +/- 0.20 ml X min-1 X g-1 with use of Rb86Cl. These values did not differ
      significantly from the corresponding values found previously in healthy rabbits.

PMID- 4024916
TI  - Ultrastructural features of the adult laryngeal papilloma.
AB  - The ultrastructural features of nine laryngeal papillomas of the adult type were
      examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The surface was
      covered by numerous microvilli varying in size and shape and often arranged in
      parallel cords. Although we did not find virus-like particles, the
      ultrastructural characteristics of the adult type of laryngeal papilloma did not
      differ from those previously found on the juvenile type. The two types may in
      nature be one and the same lesion, differing in behaviour because of the
      different environments.

PMID- 4024915
TI  - Nasal cuboidal metaplasia with dysplasia. Precursor to adenocarcinoma in wood
      dust-exposed workers?
AB  - The histological study of the non-tumours nasal mucosa in 22 wood-workers with
      ethmoidal adenocarcinoma was carried out and special attention was paid to the
      presence of cuboidal metaplasia with or without dysplasia. The workers had been
      exposed to wood dust for an average of 38 years (range 18 to 55 years). In 19
      cases cuboidal metaplasia was found and 16 of these also had dysplasia. In 10
      cases there was a transitional zone with dysplastic cuboidal epithelium in
      continuity with the tumour. In 5 cases there was squamous metaplasia. The results
      indicate cuboidal metaplasia with dysplasia being a possible precursor to nasal
      adenocarcinoma in workers exposed to wood dust, similar to the findings of
      squamous metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma in nickel workers.

PMID- 4024917
TI  - [Otic acoustical discharges and their relation to tinnitus].

PMID- 4024919
TI  - Breast feeding of low birthweight infants.
AB  - The incidence and length of breast feeding of LBW (less than or equal to 2500
      grams) infants were investigated. A marked increase from 1979 to 1982 was noted:
      the incidence rose from 78% to 91% and the proportion of infants breast fed for 3
      months rose from 54% to 67%. A breast feeding promotion programme did not
      influence the length of breast feeding of LBW infants within one year of the
      intervention. Smaller infants, those with RDS and those from lower social classes
      were breast fed less than others.

PMID- 4024918
TI  - Oral rehydration therapy in infectious diarrhoea. Comparison of rehydration
      solutions with 60 and 90 mmol sodium per litre.
AB  - The clinical response and changes in water and salt homeostasis as judged from
      serum sodium levels, salt and water retention and renal handling of sodium was
      studied during 36 hours following the start of oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
      with a solution containing 60 mmol Na/l (ORS60) in 17 well-nourished, moderately
      dehydrated Turkish infants aged 3 to 15 months who had acute infectious diarrhoea
      (7 with rotavirus, 3 with enteropathogenic E. coli 0 111: B 84, and one with
      enteropathogenic E. coli 0 125: B 15, one with salmonella and 5 of unknown
      etiology. In the successfully treated patients sodium and water balance was
      normalized within 36 hours. In the cases with hypernatremic dehydration the serum
      sodium concentration rapidly became normal. The results were compared with those
      obtained in a previous study of the same type of patients who were rehydrated
      with a solution containing 90 mmol Na/l (ORS90). Although retention was
      considered to be satisfactory after ORS60 it was less than after ORS90. The
      changes in the fractionary urinary sodium excretion and the potassium sodium
      quotient in the urine indicated a less rapid normalization after ORS60 than after
      ORS90.

PMID- 4024920
TI  - Carnitine in maternal and neonatal plasma.
AB  - Total plasma carnitine was analysed in 19 women, with uncomplicated pregnancies,
      who underwent elective caesarean section, and in their neonates. The women were
      given a balanced glucose (glucose group) or saline (saline group) infusion, group
      allocation being on a random basis. The carnitine levels in maternal or infant
      plasma did not differ between these two groups. At delivery, the mean maternal
      carnitine value, 17.4 +/- 1.25 mumol/l, was lower than the mean infant value,
      25.9 mumol/l +/- 2.67 (mean +/- SE, p less than 0.005) and lower than the mean
      value in non-pregnant, fertile women, i.e. 40.9 +/- 1.22 mumol/l. The mean
      carnitine value in the unfed neonate had not changed when the infant was 4 hours
      old. A positive correlation was found between carnitine levels in maternal and
      infant plasma (p less than 0.01). At delivery, the levels of non-esterified fatty
      acids and 3-OH-butyrate in infant plasma were different in the two groups, but
      not at 4 hours of age. The results suggest that the maternal carnitine level is
      the most important factor governing plasma carnitine levels in the neonate.

PMID- 4024921
TI  - Benign infantile nocturnal myoclonus.
AB  - Myoclonic jerks during sleep is a normal phenomenon seen also in infancy.
      Sometimes the episodes can be extended both in duration and seizure type. When
      this happens it should be differentiated from epilepsy and treatment is not
      needed. Five cases are reported.

PMID- 4024922
TI  - Subclinical trace element deficiency in children with undue susceptibility to
      infections.
AB  - Serum concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and magnesium and also serum
      transferrin and ceruloplasmin were investigated in 28 children aged 10 months to
      10 years with undue susceptibility to infections. None of the children had any
      classical immune defect. Seven of them had had frequent upper respiratory tract
      infections, 16 had suffered from frequent infections of the middle ear and five
      from mainly lower respiratory tract infections. Thirteen healthy children aged 9
      to 18 years residing in the same area served as controls. The children with undue
      susceptibility to infections had significantly lower mean serum iron (p less than
      0.05) and zinc (p less than 0.001) levels than the healthy controls. The mean
      serum concentrations of copper and magnesium and of transferrin and ceruloplasmin
      did not differ between the patients and controls. Children with frequent middle
      ear infections seemed to account for most of the differences in the serum levels
      of iron and zinc. An inverse correlation was observed between duration of breast
      feeding and serum concentration of zinc, and between weight as well as height and
      serum magnesium. The reasons for these changes and the possible role of trace
      element deficiency as a factor predisposing to or perpetuating undue
      susceptibility to infections in children are discussed.

PMID- 4024923
TI  - Catecholamine response to chest physiotherapy and endotracheal suctioning in
      preterm infants.
AB  - Adrenaline and noradrenaline was measured just before and just after chest
      physiotherapy and endotracheal suctioning in 13 preterm, ventilated, newborn
      infants. Mean aortic blood pressure was also recorded. Eight of the infants
      received phenobarbitone. Catecholamine levels were five-fold higher in the 5
      infants with blood pH less than 7.30 compared to the other 8 infants. After the
      procedure, both adrenaline and noradrenaline were significantly higher than
      baseline levels. The adrenaline response to the procedure was a two-fold increase
      and significantly greater than the noradrenaline response. Analysis of the
      effects of phenobarbitone treatment and acidosis on catecholamine responses by
      multiple linear regression demonstrated that the adrenaline response was reduced
      by phenobarbitone while the noradrenaline response was unaffected. There were no
      associations of blood pressure, responses with catecholamine responses, with
      acidosis or with phenobarbitone treatment.

PMID- 4024924
TI  - Bile acid abnormalities and the diagnosis of cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome
      (Zellweger syndrome).
AB  - The Zellweger or cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome (CHRS) is a congenital disorder
      characterized by cerebral dysfunction, craniofacial dysmorphic features,
      transient cholestasis and renal cysts. Patients fail to thrive, and usually die
      in their first year of life. In some cases, a definite diagnosis on purely
      clinical signs might not be possible. Several biochemical abnormalities have been
      observed in these patients and some of them have been tested as diagnostic
      markers. The aim of this study is to evaluate bile acid metabolites as
      biochemical markers of the CHRS. From a study of 20 CHRS patients, we conclude
      that screening for the presence of coprostanic acids and the C-29 dicarboxylic
      bile acid in serum or urine is for detection of CHRS and confirmation of the
      diagnosis.

PMID- 4024925
TI  - The effect of multiple exchange transfusions on bilirubin binding.
AB  - Three bilirubin binding tests (hydroxybenzene-azobenzoic acid dye binding method,
      the estimation of unbound bilirubin by horseradish peroxidase assay and the
      saturation of albumin by the salicylate saturation index) were performed on pre
      exchange samples of blood and repeated 24 hours after the procedure. No
      significant improvement in bilirubin binding was found even in infants receiving
      as many as four exchange transfusions. Based on these bilirubin binding tests, we
      find no evidence that the criteria for subsequent exchange transfusions should be
      different from the first exchange transfusion.

PMID- 4024926
TI  - Serum and saliva Ig-levels in infants of non-atopic mothers fed breast milk or
      cow's milk-based formulas.
AB  - Of twenty-five healthy, full term infants without a family history of atopic
      diseases, 13 were exclusively breast-fed from birth for a minimum of 31/2 months
      (median 41/2 months), whereas the remaining 12 infants were fed with cow's milk
      based formulas from birth for a minimum of 4 months. In the latter group of
      children a significant increase in serum IgE as well as in salivary IgA was
      found. In infants exclusively breast-fed, no increase in serum IgE was seen until
      6 months of age; at nine months of age, salivary IgA was still significantly
      lower than in the infants fed cow's milk-based formulas. No children developed
      obvious allergic diseases during the first three years of life. Thus, cow's milk
      proteins given to newborn children of non-atopic mothers did not seem to increase
      the risk of IgE-mediated diseases, maybe due to the development of "blocking" IgA
      antibodies in the alimentary tract.

PMID- 4024927
TI  - Tuberculin conversion following BCG vaccination in preterm infants.
AB  - Tuberculin conversion following BCG vaccination was evaluated in 3 groups of
      infants. Group I consisted of 12 preterm appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA)
      infants given BCG vaccination at birth; Group II was made up of 15 term AGA
      infants similarly immunized while 8 preterm AGA infants (Group III) received BCG
      about the time estimated to be their normal birth-date. The tuberculin conversion
      rates of 83%, 93% and 88% in groups I, II and III respectively were not
      significantly different (p greater than 0.5). The results suggest that the
      preterm AGA infants born at 32-36 weeks of gestation can be effectively immunized
      with BCG at birth.

PMID- 4024928
TI  - Acute tubular dysfunction in infants with obstructive uropathy.
AB  - Eleven patients are described with severe hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia and
      metabolic acidosis associated with a urinary tract infection and obstructive
      uropathy. This clinical entity resembles adrenocortical disorders. Urine culture
      investigation in combination with abdominal ultrasound examination will reveal
      urinary tract obstruction. Differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment are
      discussed. In most patients correction of the metabolic disturbance can be
      achieved with antibiotic treatment, occasionally in combination with surgical
      therapy. Some degree of polyuria will generally persist.

PMID- 4024929
TI  - Myocardial ischaemia in asphyxia neonatorum. Electrocardiographic, enzymatic and
      histological correlations.
AB  - Serial electrocardiograms and creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme activities were
      studied prospectively in 20 asphyxiated term newborn infants and 43 normal
      neonates. By adapting a previously described grading system for ischaemic
      changes, a degree of electrocardiographic ischaemia was defined which occurred
      almost solely in asphyxiated infants. Infants with this degree of abnormality had
      significantly higher mean CK-MB and MM activities than other asphyxiated infants
      at 0, 8 and 28 hours. Histological changes of peripartum myocardial necrosis were
      seen in 4 of the 5 infants on whom an autopsy was performed, and either
      electrocardiogram or CK-MB was abnormal in all four. It is concluded that
      myocardial injury in the newborn period is often associated with CK-MB release,
      but in view of the lack of cardiac-specificity of CK-MB in newborn infants,
      caution is urged in the interpretation of elevated isoenzyme activity in the
      neonate.

PMID- 4024930
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a premature infant.

PMID- 4024931
TI  - False pathological thyrotropin (TSH) level in mother and infant caused by
      interfering antibodies in the TSH radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 4024932
TI  - Prognostic implications of functional hyposplenia in neonatal septicemia.

PMID- 4024933
TI  - Systemic amyloidosis in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4024934
TI  - Plasma valine and urinary C-peptide in infants. The effect of substituting breast
      feeding with formula or formula with human milk.

PMID- 4024935
TI  - Rotavirus infections among the staff of a general paediatric department.

PMID- 4024936
TI  - Pseudohypoaldosteronism in a female infant and her family: diversity of clinical
      expression and mode of inheritance.
AB  - Pseudohypoaldosteronism was diagnosed in an infant that clinically presented
      severe failure to thrive and vomiting. Evaluation of her extended family revealed
      many other affected family members with a vast range of clinical expression. The
      mode of inheritance is most likely autosomal dominant. Salt supplementation
      during infancy was effective in restoring normal growth, weight gain and serum
      electrolytes.

PMID- 4024937
TI  - Pseudo-precocious puberty caused by bilateral idiopathic testicular hyperplasia.
AB  - A boy aged two years presenting with advanced development of the genitalia, but
      with prepubertal testes, and accelerated growth is described. Investigation
      indicated pseudo-precocious puberty, due to idiopathic interstitial cell
      hyperplasia. Difficulties in interpretation of the hormonal studies were
      encountered due to an aberrant left testicular vein. This rare condition which
      has been called Testotoxicosis is probably due to an inborn error of metabolism
      not yet identified.

PMID- 4024938
TI  - Pathogenesis of portal sclerosis in the liver with idiopathic portal
      hypertension. Observations of 19 autopsy cases and animal experiments.
AB  - The pathomorphological changes of intrahepatic portal veins were studied in 19
      autopsy cases of idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), and the pathogenesis of
      portal sclerosis was discussed by the observations on the human and experimental
      materials. The degree and morphological appearance of intimal lesions vary from
      vessel to vessel. Fibro-cellular proliferation of subendothelial tissue and
      incorporation of organized mural thrombi were suggested as the cause of intimal
      thickening in the portal veins. Animal experiment showed that injury of portal
      vein wall was followed by intimal hyperplasia and/or incorporation of mural
      thrombi, and resulted in portal sclerosis similar to that of IPH liver. The cause
      of portal phlebosclerosis in IPH can not be explained by passive congestion
      alone. There might be a certain possibility of direct injurious effect in the
      vessel wall in the pathogenesis of portal lesions of IPH. The following
      pathogenesis of portal sclerosis in IPH is postulated: phlebo-sclerotic changes
      of the portal veins are initiated by injury to the vessel wall due to unknown
      cause(s) and accelerated by secondary thrombosis and/or mechanical injury due to
      increased portal pressure.

PMID- 4024939
TI  - Adrenal cortex of Micromys minutus japonicus (Japanese harvest mouse). Its
      histochemical and fine structural study.
AB  - Micromys minutus japonicus (Japanese harvest mouse) is one of the smallest known
      mammals and is easily maintainable in the laboratory. The adrenal cortex of this
      animal is described here for the first time. The morphological structure with
      histochemistry was essentially the same as that of the mouse or the rat. However,
      the histochemical activity of steroid 3 beta-OH dehydrogenase in the zona
      glomerulosa was characteristically positive in this animal and electron
      microscopically Golgi's apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum were prominent in the
      glomerular cells. The concentration of aldosterone was high in the serum. These
      findings suggest the hyperfunction of the zona glomerulosa in this animal.

PMID- 4024940
TI  - Cardiac disorders predisposing to development of cerebrovascular diseases in the
      Japanese. Data obtained at autopsy.
AB  - For a clear definition of the influence of cardiac disorders on the development
      of cerebrovascular diseases in the Japanese, we reviewed 1,162 consecutive
      autopsy records aged 20 years and over in the Department of Pathology, Kyushu
      University, Japan. All autopsies had been done between Nov. 1971 and Oct. 1981.
      Cerebral infarction was found in 101 out of 196 with any type of cardiac
      disorder. Frequencies of cerebral infarction in those with myocardial infarction,
      rheumatic heart disease, non-bacterial thromboendocarditis, and atrial
      fibrillation were higher than in those with no heart disease. These differences
      can be ascribed to the higher incidence of large and medium-sized cerebral
      infarction, including many cases of cerebral embolism originating from the heart.
      Only 3.4% of those with small cerebral infarction were assessed to be cases of
      embolism. Non-embolic cerebral infarction was more frequently noted in those with
      myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation than in those with no heart
      disease. These differences were probably linked to concomitant progression of
      arteriosclerosis of the cerebral and coronary arteries. In this consecutive
      autopsy study, cerebral embolism was found in 35 cases, 10.9% of the total number
      of those with cerebral infarction.

PMID- 4024941
TI  - Gastric carcinoids of ECL cells. Pathological and clinical analysis of eight
      cases.
AB  - Clinical, histological, histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of
      eight cases of carcinoid tumors of the non-antral portion of the stomach are
      presented. Four cases with multiple polypoid lesions are accompanied by an
      increased level of gastrin. A normal level of gastrin was present in the other
      four cases with isolated tumor and a normal component of endocrine cells in the
      uninvolved mucosa. In the first group with multiple lesions, the histological and
      histochemical analysis of the endocrine cells revealed a wide range of
      appearances: a) "simple hyperplasia", b) "nodular hyperplasia", and c) carcinoid
      tumor. These aspects suggested a different pathogenesis for the carcinoid tumors
      of the non-antral portion of the stomach with possible therapeutical
      implications.

PMID- 4024942
TI  - Minute carcinoma of the thyroid and its development to advanced carcinoma.
AB  - The relationship between the size of carcinomas and their histological
      characteristics such as encapsulation and sclerosis was studied using 157 cases
      of thyroid minute carcinomas with diameters less than 10 mm. When the diameter of
      the tumor was less than 1 mm, encapsulated carcinomas were not found, but they
      were presented in a group with a larger diameter. Sclerosing carcinomas were more
      frequently distributed in the group with a diameter less than 5 mm. With
      increasing tumor size, the carcinomas were reduced markedly in number and only
      two cases of sclerosing carcinoma were observed with a diameter more than 8 mm.
      It was concluded that thyroid minute carcinomas arise as nonencapsulated
      carcinoma, either sclerosing or non-sclerosing, followed by encapsulation at a
      later time and that some of the non-sclerosing carcinomas become apparent
      clinically, whereas most of the sclerosing carcinomas remain clinically silent
      throughout the entire life of the host.

PMID- 4024943
TI  - Familial occurrence of oligomeganephronia.
AB  - Oligomeganephronia (OMN) is a rare, renal hypoplasia, consisting of a reduced
      number of hypertrophied nephrons. This disorder has been considered to be a
      congenital but not a genetic disease. We describe the first report, to the best
      of our knowledge, of familial cases of OMN; two male siblings ran rapidly
      downhill courses and died 11 and 8 days after birth, respectively. In addition,
      the two patients had similar multiple anomalies; microcephaly, prominent
      glabella, hypertelorism, antimongoloid slant, epicanthal folds, broad nose, cleft
      lip and palate, down-turned mouth, short philtrum, micrognathia, low set ears,
      hypospadias, and cryptorchism. Although the patients and the parents had normal G
      banded karyotypes, 4p monosomy syndrome is suggested from clinical features. The
      implications of this are discussed briefly.

PMID- 4024944
TI  - Right-sided infective endocarditis combined with mitral involvement in a patient
      with ventricular septal defect.
AB  - An autopsy case of right-sided infective endocarditis combined with mitral
      valvular involvement in a 20-year-old male Japanese with ventricular septal
      defect (VSD) was reported. The vegetations were found on the endocardium
      bordering VSD, tricuspid valve, mural endocardium of the right ventricular
      outflow tract, and even the pulmonic valve, resulting in forming infective
      aneurysm of the pulmonary trunk. Streptococcus was morphologically identified in
      the vegetations obtained at autopsy. On the other hand, smaller vegetations were
      also noted on the mitral valve. The mechanisms of the mitral extending were
      discussed when right-sided infective endocarditis associated with VSD preceded
      that on the mitral valve. The authors think that mitral regurgitation in relation
      to VSD and right to left shunt through VSD which occur even temporarily may be
      the most important mechanism responsible for the mitral valvular involvement.
      Several differences between right-sided and left-sided infective endocarditis
      were also reviewed.

PMID- 4024945
TI  - Carcinosarcoma of the prostate.
AB  - The present report describes a rare prostatic tumor occurring in a 78-year-old
      Japanese male. The histological features were those of carcinosarcoma involving
      an adenocarcinoma and a chondrosarcoma, with metastasis to the liver. The
      carcinomatous component stained positively for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)
      by an immunoperoxidase technique. The literature is reviewed.

PMID- 4024946
TI  - Tubular adenoma with focal squamous metaplasia of the ascending colon.
AB  - A case of tubular adenoma with focal squamous metaplasia of the ascending colon
      in a 66-year-old male is reported. The tumor was a pedunculated polyp with a size
      of 1.5 X 1.4 X 0.9 cm. Histologically, the tumor showed tubular adenoma with
      moderate to severe atypia, was accompanied by focal squamous metaplasia. It is
      thought that squamous epithelial polyp may be derived from colonic adenoma with
      squamous metaplasia, and that the malignant change of colonic adenoma with
      squamous metaplasia may lead to squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma,
      and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Only seven cases of colonic adenoma with squamous
      metaplasia have been reported previously in the literature, and it is yet
      necessary to discuss the histogenesis, significance, and natural history of
      colonic adenoma with squamous metaplasia.

PMID- 4024947
TI  - [Effect of immune serum on the male Schistosoma japonicum subjected to pyquiton].

PMID- 4024948
TI  - [Studies on the identification of the Chinese drug xin yi, the flower-buds of the
      Magnolia].

PMID- 4024949
TI  - [Studies on the synthesis of 6,8-dimethyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyl flavanone].

PMID- 4024950
TI  - [Synthesis of some compounds related to tanshinquinone].

PMID- 4024951
TI  - [HPLC and TLC-densitometry determination of alkaloidal constituents in Sophora
      flavescens and Sophora lopecuroides].

PMID- 4024952
TI  - [Studies on 1H-NMR change at different temperatures and 13C-NMR T1 of polyphase
      liposome (139)].

PMID- 4024953
TI  - [Studies on alkaloids isolated from Jiangyou fu zi (Aconitum carmichaeli Debx)].

PMID- 4024954
TI  - Effects of acute and short-time antibiotic treatment on renal lithium elimination
      and serum lithium levels in the rat.
AB  - Male Wistar rats received a single stomach load (10 ml/kg) of a 150 mmol LiCl
      solution, either alone or together with tetracycline (33.5 mg/10 ml), ampicillin
      (33.5 mg/10 ml), or metronidazole (15 mg/10 ml). Urine was collected 1-5 hours
      after administration and blood samples were drawn after 1, 6, and 24 hours. All
      antibiotics caused a reduction in urinary lithium excretion but did not affect
      renal lithium clearance. Serum lithium levels were reduced by tetracycline and
      metronidazole 6 hours after administration but increased after 24 hours.
      Additional experiments including frequent mapping of serum lithium levels
      confirmed these findings. Tetracycline, also reduced renal sodium clearance and
      increased distal sodium reabsorption. Short-term daily treatment during one week
      with tetracycline or metronidazole showed that these initial changes were only
      transient, since after treatment for one week no differences could be observed
      between antibiotic-treated rats and control rats. The results indicate that
      antibiotics may cause a delay but no decrease of the gastrointestinal absorption
      of lithium and that they do not affect renal lithium clearance. Signs of lithium
      intoxication during combined use of lithium and antibiotics are therefore
      probably not caused by a renal interaction mechanism affecting the renal lithium
      clearance.

PMID- 4024955
TI  - Kinetics of disopyramide after intravenous infusion to patients with myocardial
      infarction and heart failure.
AB  - Total body clearance, half-life and volume of distribution of disopyramide
      (Norpace, Searle G.D.) was measured during a six to eight hour infusion to steady
      state in twenty four patients with either congestive heart failure or acute
      myocardial infarction and compared to eleven patients without these diseases. All
      patients were given a bolus injection of 150 mg disopyramide followed by a
      continuous infusion of 18-24 mg per hour. Serum concentration of disopyramide and
      its main dealkylated metabolite were determined by HPLC. The clearance in
      patients without myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure was 1.71 +/-
      0.60 ml/min./kg (mean +/- S.D.), not significantly different from those who had
      either myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure or both. Half-life was 798
      min. in patients without heart failure, not significantly different from the
      values in the other groups. The ratio between disopyramide and its metabolite
      varied between 3 to 10. Twenty-six % of the steady state serum concentrations of
      disopyramide were outside the recommended therapeutic range (2-5 micrograms/ml),
      but no adverse haemodynamic effects were observed in any of the patients. The
      suggested dosage regimen of disopyramide seems to result in a satisfactory
      response.

PMID- 4024956
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of emepronium bromide (Cetiprin) after
      intravenous administration in man.
AB  - Intravenous doses of 1, 5, 10 and 15 mg of emepronium bromide were given to three
      healthy volunteers. Emepronium serum concentration declined in a triexponential
      manner with half-lives between 2.2-3.0 min., 1.0-1.6 hours and 5.1-13 hours,
      respectively. The initial dilution space (volume of the central compartment)
      varied between 4.1-7.5 l. The area under the serum concentration time curve
      increased linearly with dose, indicating constancy of total serum clearance
      (range: 24-38 l/hr) with dose. The renal clearance of emepronium varied with
      serum concentration; secretion in addition to glomerular filtration was evident.
      Tubular secretion of emepronium was half-saturated at serum concentrations of
      approximately 50 nmol/l. No obvious drug-related effect on blood pressure was
      noted, whereas salivary secretion decreased and heart rate increased with 10-15%
      at emepronium serum concentrations of about 200 nmol/l. ECG recordings were
      without abnormalities after slow intravenous injections of emepronium bromide in
      doses of up to 15 mg. Since no adverse effects were noted, intravenous
      administration of emepronium bromide may be an alternative in situations where
      the drug is now used intramuscularly e.g. severe tenesmus in the urinary bladder.

PMID- 4024957
TI  - The effect of indomethacin on the motility of isolated sheep ureters.
AB  - The possible spasmolytic effect of indomethacin was studied on isolated sheep
      ureteral preparations. Ureteral ring preparations suspended in an organ bath
      exhibited long lasting rhythmic contractions quite similar to the in vivo
      situation. This spontaneous motility was unaffected by hyoscine,
      phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, mepyramine and methysergide. Addition of
      indomethacin resulted in a dose dependent reduction in amplitude and frequency of
      the contractions, the threshold value being 10(-8) M. Washing reestablished
      motility and both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were powerful stimulators of rhythmic
      contractions. Our conclusion is that in vitro rhythmic activity of the ureter is
      dependent on endogenous PG-synthesis and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor
      indomethacin dose-dependently blocks this.

PMID- 4024958
TI  - Effects of dinitrophenol on phosphorylase a activity, adenine nucleotide levels
      and tension in rabbit colon smooth muscle.
AB  - Glycogen phosphorylase a activity, the contents of adenine nucleotides and
      isometric tension were measured in rabbit colon smooth muscle after exposure to
      2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). DNP caused a dose-dependent increase in phosphorylase a
      activity, with an ED50 value of 1 X 10(-4)M. Since adenine nucleotides,
      especially 5-AMP by inhibiting the phosphorylase a to b conversion, might
      increase the phosphorylase a activity, a time-response study was undertaken in
      order to analyse the time course of changes in the adenine nucleotide content and
      phosphorylase a activity after addition of DNP. The latter activity was increased
      after only 1 min. of incubation. At this time no changes were found in the
      contents of ATP, ADP, 5-AMP or CP. Not until the phosphorylase a activity had
      reached its maximum after 5-7.5 min. did the 5-AMP content increase. The
      phosphorylase a activity then started to decline, but the 5-AMP content continued
      to rise. The effect of DNP on isometric tension was also studied to test whether
      the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration was increased. An increase in tension was
      observed 5 min. after administration of the drug and was maximal at 15 min. The
      results seem to dispute against 5-AMP as being a mediator for the DNP-stimulated
      increased in phosphorylase a activity in smooth muscle. The finding that DNP
      elicited a contraction of rabbit colon supports the earlier suggestion that the
      cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration was increased (Pettersson 1983).

PMID- 4024959
TI  - The use of two different pharmacological principles to inhibit a cholinergic
      bronchospasm in guinea pig.
AB  - The ability of inhaled atropine and clonidine to inhibit a bronchospasm produced
      by injected acetylcholine or by vagal stimulation, was studied in anaesthetized
      guinea pigs. Vagally mediated airway constriction was restrained in a
      concentration-related fashion by inhaled clonidine and reached nearly 100%
      inhibition (EC50 = 2 X 10(-5) mol/l in the nebulizer). Atropine expressed
      initially about the same level of spasmolytic effect but only a final prevention
      of 60% was possible to reach with this drug. On the contrary, inhaled atropine
      was able to produce a complete inhibition (EC50 = 2 X 10(-6) mol/l) when the
      bronchoconstriction was elicited by exogenous acetylcholine. This type of spasm
      was also to some degree inhibited by clonidine.

PMID- 4024960
TI  - Changes in liver histology during methotrexate therapy of psoriasis correlated to
      the concentration of methotrexate and folate in erythrocytes.
AB  - To investigate, whether an assessment of the folate and methotrexate
      concentrations in erythrocytes could be used to indicate incipient histological
      liver changes, these 2 parameters were related to liver histology in series of
      liver biopsies (means 4.3 biopsies) from 31 long-term methotrexate-treated
      psoriasis patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of
      changes in liver histology during methotrexate therapy increased significantly
      with increasing erythrocyte methotrexate concentrations and with decreasing
      erythrocyte folate concentration. The application of these variables as a
      decisive criterion when to institute liver biopsy surveillance needs further
      studies, but can probably help reduce the number of liver biopsies to be taken
      during long-term methotrexate therapy considerably.

PMID- 4024961
TI  - Effect of toxic doses of progesterone on hepatotoxic effects of tetracycline.
AB  - The combined effects of high doses of tetracycline and progesterone on parameters
      indicative for liver function (serum transaminases and urea, serum and liver
      triglycerides and cholesterol) have been studied in mice. Apart from disturbance
      of cholesterol metabolism tetracycline-induced liver dysfunction was not
      aggravated by progesterone.

PMID- 4024962
TI  - Influence of dietary factors on aluminium absorption and retention in the brain
      and bone of rats.
AB  - Young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by gavage for 10 weeks (3-times
      weekly) with aluminium 100 mg/kg b.wt. in the form of Al-hydroxide (Novalucol),
      Al-citrate, Al-hydroxide together with citric acid or with tap water (controls).
      Male rats aged 13 months were gavaged for 11 weeks 3-times a weak with black
      currant soup (0.8 ml/kg b.wt.) stored 19 days in either aluminium or stainless
      steel saucepans. The brain cortex, bone and blood (young adults only) of each rat
      were analysed for Al using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. The
      rats treated with Al-citrate and in particular rats treated with Al-hydroxide +
      citric acid showed a significant increase of Al concentrations in all the tissues
      studied. In the latter group the mean Al concentrations were elevated at 0.039
      micrograms Al/g wet weight (controls 0.005 micrograms/g) 0.092 micrograms/g
      (0.016 micrograms/g) and 26.6 micrograms/g (0.22 micrograms/g) in the blood,
      brain and bone, respectively. After treatment with Al-hydroxide alone only the
      bone showed a moderate increase of Al-concentration. No significant differences
      were found in the brain and bone Al levels of the rats given fruit soup from
      aluminium saucepans (containing 17 mg Al/l) or stainless steel saucepans (0.4 mg
      Al/l).

PMID- 4024963
TI  - Effect of nicotine on passive avoidance behaviour and motoric activity in mice.
AB  - In this study the effect of different doses of nicotine (0.125; 0.250; 0.500
      mg/kg) on motoric activity in mice was tested by a T-maze model both during dark
      and light phase of the diurnal cycle. Low doses of nicotine (0.125 mg/kg; 0.250
      mg/kg) increased motoric activity during the day. During the dark phase no
      stimulation was seen. A higher dose of nicotine (0.500 mg/kg) decreased motoric
      activity both during dark and light phase of the diurnal cycle. A positive effect
      on retention time in a passive avoidance model was observed when mice were
      pretreated with 0.125 mg/kg nicotine. No significant effect was observed with
      0.500 mg/kg nicotine. Thus, a low dose of nicotine which increases motoric
      activity also seem to have a positive effect on learning/memory mechanisms
      studied by a passive avoidance behaviour model.

PMID- 4024965
TI  - Aminolysis and hydrolysis of formanilide in water solutions. V. Influence of the
      substituent in para-position.

PMID- 4024964
TI  - Bioavailability of chloroquine in mice infected with the intestinal trematode
      Echinostoma revolutum.

PMID- 4024966
TI  - Antidiarrhoeal properties of Dorstenia drakena L.

PMID- 4024968
TI  - Synthesis of 2-methoxybenzylpyrrolidines of analgesic potential.

PMID- 4024967
TI  - Biopharmaceutical studies on pyridinolcarbamate. V. Effect of repeated
      administration of pyridinolcarbamate on the renal excretion of sulbenicillin in
      rabbits.

PMID- 4024969
TI  - X-ray powder diffraction data for propantheline bromide.

PMID- 4024971
TI  - Offspring of women with nonorganic psychosis: mother-infant interaction at three
      and-a-half and six months of age.
AB  - Mother-infant interaction during feeding and in an unstructured play situation
      was studied in the home at 3.5 and 6 months of age in index mother-infant pairs
      in which the mother had a history of nonorganic psychosis (n = 48 and 52 at 3.5
      and 6 months, respectively) and in demographically similar control pairs (n = 80
      and 79). Interaction was significantly more negative in index than control cases
      at both ages, index cases showing decreased maternal and infant social contact
      and reduced maternal sensitivity to the infant's needs. Schizophrenic and Cycloid
      groups evidenced more negative interaction characteristics than did their matched
      controls, while the Affective group was not generally more negative than its
      controls.

PMID- 4024970
TI  - The cultural perspective of therapeutic relationship--a viewpoint from Africa.
AB  - Therapeutic relationship has been considered an important ingredient of all
      psychotherapies. In communities in which no familiar conventions of such a
      relationship are available, the therapeutic encounter poses very different
      problems from those in the West, where such conventions freely prevail. This
      study has been carried out by five therapists representing three widely disparate
      cultures, but all working together in Tanzania. It brings together their
      perceptions of these problems and the strategies they employed to resolve them
      while working with African patients. In their view, in spite of great disparity
      between the world view behind Western psychotherapy and that of African
      communities, it is not impossible to forge a therapeutic relationship if empathic
      understanding and cultural sensitivity are added to the attitude of acceptance.
      After all, the therapist must attract and keep the patient before he can expect
      anything from him. The authors describe how this can be done with African
      patients.

PMID- 4024972
TI  - Stability of coping style 33 years after prolonged exposure to extreme stress.
AB  - Respondents who were in hiding or in the armed resistance movement in Nazi
      occupied Europe are assumed to have had avoidant and confronting coping styles,
      respectively. Responses to questionnaire items tapping behavior, attitudes and
      perceptions were examined in the two groups for the persistence of these same
      traits 33 years after World War II, in a study of randomly selected community
      sample of Jews. Taken as a whole, but not individually, responses to the
      questionnaire items suggested that the traits did persist (P less than 0.001).
      The results highlight the importance of distinguishing individual differences in
      coping style when studying the long-term effects of prolonged, stressful
      experiences.

PMID- 4024973
TI  - Suicides among male Finnish seafarers.
AB  - On analysing death registers of Finnish seafarers, 117 cases of suicide were
      found among active professional males in the years 1965-77. The suicide rate of
      the officers was similar to that of occupationally active males in the general
      population, while the suicide rate of the crew was 2 1/2 times higher (P less
      than 0.05). Many of the men who committed suicide had been at sea 5 to 10 years.
      Before their death they frequently changed ships.

PMID- 4024974
TI  - The intensive care unit and the suicide attempt patient.
AB  - Forty consecutively admitted suicide attempt patients, their 70 significant
      others, and the intensive care unit's personnel were interviewed about their
      feelings and reactions during the patients' stay on the intensive care unit. The
      patients belonged to three diagnostic groups. The most prominent feelings and
      reactions were shame and resistance towards the personnel in the neurosis group,
      anger and uneasiness in the abuse group, and indifference and apathy in the
      prepsychosis/psychosis group. The personnel did not observe the patients'
      underlying feelings and primarily responded to the patients' observable behaviour
      with different types of reactions, ranging from empathy to distancing and
      aggression. The latter reactions were due, in part, to the difficulties in
      dialogue between the patients and the personnel which aroused fear and anxiety in
      the personnel. The personnel's difficulties in communication with the patients,
      and the resulting problems are discussed. Significant others did not receive any
      support, in spite of their need for psychological help.

PMID- 4024975
TI  - Acts of violence in a traditional western Ethiopian society in transition.
AB  - The present study describes 316 consecutive cases of deliberately inflicted
      injuries attending a general hospital in western Ethiopia. One third of the cases
      concerned economic conflicts about land, cattle, etc., one third interpersonal
      conflicts in the family, between neighbours, etc., and one third were
      alcoholically intoxicated people who had been in a fight for no apparent reason.
      The incidence of homicide was estimated to be at least 5-12 per 100,000
      inhabitants per year, which is somewhat high. The role of psychiatric disorders
      seems to be very limited. The most serious conflicts occurred in rural areas and
      were economic in nature. As this investigation was made during the imperial,
      feudal period, it allows a comparison to be made with the new conditions after
      the revolutionary changes in the economic system.

PMID- 4024976
TI  - Clinical and laboratory effects of discontinuation of lithium prophylaxis.
AB  - Twelve patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for a history of bipolar
      affective disorder gave informed consent for open discontinuation of lithium
      therapy for 3 weeks. There was no significant change after lithium
      discontinuation in the number of depressive or manic symptoms, in mood score, in
      total Zung Depression score, or in any of the 20 items found in the Zung
      Depression scale. There were significant reductions in total severity of side
      effects, and improvement in the three side effects reflecting renal function:
      polydipsia, polyuria, and nocturia. These changes were reflected in the
      significant increase in urine specific gravity. Significant changes in side
      effects did not take place until at least 2 weeks after lithium was discontinued.
      Other significant relationships were found between increases in serum thyroid
      hormone levels and in urine specific gravity, and decreases in Vmax of platelet
      serotonin uptake and increases in degree of clonidine-induced hypotension.

PMID- 4024977
TI  - Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis among patients with schizophrenia, affective
      psychosis and neurosis.
AB  - The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of hospital care with the
      diagnosis rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among patients with schizophrenia, affective
      psychosis and neurosis compared with that among hospitalized patients in general.
      By means of the in-patient register of Stockholm County, a cohort was formed
      comprising all patients discharged with the diagnoses schizophrenia, affective
      psychosis and neurosis in Stockholm County during 1971, and a sample of all
      patients discharged for any diagnosis during the same year. We followed the
      groups in the in-patient register through 1981 in order to identify hospital
      episodes with the diagnosis RA. Observed and expected incidences of RA in
      hospital care were obtained using all hospitalized patients as a reference group.
      For schizophrenia and affective psychosis the incidence of RA was around half the
      expected, whereas for neurosis it was close to the expected incidence. With
      reservation for small numbers of observed cases, the results support the
      hypothesis of a reduced incidence of RA among patients with schizophrenia. The
      finding regarding affective psychosis was based on a smaller number of cases and
      merits further investigations.

PMID- 4024978
TI  - Implications of the distinction between organic and functional psychoses.
AB  - On the basis of their symptomatology, some psychoses are called organic. The
      remaining psychoses are called functional. It is generally supposed that
      symptomatically organic psychoses have organic causes and thus call for medical
      investigations, while the functional psychoses are not so caused, and call for a
      dynamic formulation rather than an organic one. The author examines the basis for
      this distinction, and argues that it is logically unsound. He gives examples of
      exceptions to the rule, both organic-seeming illnesses that are the consequence
      of psychological mechanisms, and symptomatologically functional psychoses with
      organic antecedents. The exceptions prove to be so numerous that a different
      approach to the investigation of the psychoses, an approach stressing antecedents
      rather than symptomatology, appears to be called for.

PMID- 4024979
TI  - Mortality in the long-stay population of Dutch mental hospitals.
AB  - The cohort study by Giel et al. of mortality in Dutch mental hospitals is
      repeated. In the total cohort of 12,139 long-stay patients counted on prevalence
      day (31 December 1979) 1226 deaths occurred over a period of 2 years. Similar to
      the study of Giel et al. the overall death rate of long-stay patients in the 1979
      cohort was approximately twice the expected death rates in the general
      population. The death rate of patients of both sexes and in each age group
      significantly exceeded the expected. In our study we found a different pattern of
      somatic causes of death. In the 1969 cohort respiratory disease was a major cause
      of death. In our long-stay cohort respiratory disease was a minor cause of death
      in all age groups. Another difference is the replacement of cardiovascular
      disease as a main cause of death by diseases of the cerebrovascular system.

PMID- 4024980
TI  - Representation of the orientations of shapes.

PMID- 4024981
TI  - Seeing and thinking.

PMID- 4024982
TI  - Perception and knowledge.

PMID- 4024984
TI  - The role of symmetry in shape perception.

PMID- 4024983
TI  - A neural network model of multistable perception.

PMID- 4024985
TI  - Knowledge within perception: masking caused by incompatible interpretation.

PMID- 4024986
TI  - [Evaluation of left ventricular function in a patient with angina pectoris by the
      determination of systolic time intervals].

PMID- 4024987
TI  - Effect of a low-protein diet on the serum and liver lipid content of rats.

PMID- 4024988
TI  - [Parameters of renal insufficiency in aged patients with normal values of
      creatinine in the blood].

PMID- 4024989
TI  - [Comparison of dysplastic changes in gastric stump mucosa in relation to the
      location of peptic ulcer surgery].

PMID- 4024990
TI  - The meaning of the concept of the "transitional" group of oligodendrogliomas (a
      pathological and histochemical study).

PMID- 4024991
TI  - Determination of the onset of beta-methyl-digoxin action by potentiation of the
      adenosine response in guinea pigs.
AB  - The onset of beta-methyl-digoxin action was investigated by the potentiation of
      the adenosine response in guinea pigs and rats, and compared with that of digoxin
      and dipyridamole. A number of i.v. infusions of adenosine were given to determine
      the mean control adenosine response and its 95% confidence limits. After oral
      administration of the drugs, successive infusions of adenosine were continued
      until a drug-induced potentiation of the adenosine response was observed. The
      time of appearance of the potentiated adenosine response was marked as the onset
      of action of the drugs. The onset of action in guinea pigs was 9 to 12 min for
      0.2 to 0.4 mg/kg of beta-methyl-digoxin, 90 to 100 min for 0.2 mg/kg of digoxin
      and 25 min for 5 mg/kg of dipyridamole. The maximal potentiation was 48.8 to
      53.8% at 18 to 21 min for beta-methyl-digoxin, 74.5% at 130 min for digoxin and
      74.8% at 80 min for dipyridamole. Adenosine infused i.v. into rats produced heart
      block, as in guinea pigs. However, in rats, the adenosine response was not
      potentiated by beta-methyl-digoxin and digoxin. Dipyridamole at a dose as high as
      200 mg/kg produced 25.8% potentiation at 36 min after oral administration to
      rats.

PMID- 4024992
TI  - Evaluation of Talbot's safety zone of infusion volume and osmolality in infusion
      therapy for decompensated liver cirrhosis.
AB  - Problems with infusion therapy for correcting fluid and sodium imbalance in
      decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC) were investigated by establishing the safety
      zone of Talbot et al. for parenteral fluid therapy in 4 DLC patients infused with
      over 900 ml of fluid each day for at least 9 days. The safety zone was different
      in each case. The safe infusion volume decreased and the safe electrolyte
      concentration shifted to a lower osmolality when there was ascites with renal
      failure than ascites without renal failure. Infusion therapy was performed
      without deterioration of the water and sodium balance in those patients whose
      infusion volume and fluid osmolality were in the safety zone. In contrast,
      ascites retention increased and peripheral edema appeared in patients whose
      infusion volume and osmolality were out of the safety zone. Therefore, the safety
      zone should be determined repeatedly during infusion therapy.

PMID- 4024993
TI  - Anteversion of the femoral neck in congenital dislocation of the hip.
AB  - A ten year follow-up study was made of 107 hips of 97 patients to find if
      derotation osteotomy affected the growth of the hip joint. The anteversion angles
      before and after treatment were measured in four groups classified according to
      treatment method: Pavlik harness, frog plaster, Colonna operation and derotation
      osteotomy. The difference in the angle was greatest in the derotation osteotomy
      group. However, no significant relation between the CE angles and the anteversion
      angles or the degree of derotation at the time of the follow-up study was found.
      The author concluded that the growth of the hip is not influenced by the extent
      of anteversion as much as was previously believed before.

PMID- 4024994
TI  - Adenosine triphosphate restoration and discocytic transformation of stored human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Erythrocytes in human blood stored for 120 days were collected by centrifugation
      after dispersion in buffered physiological saline. The aged erythrocytes thus
      collected were incubated with inosine, adenine, glucose or other media, and their
      shapes and ATP levels were studied by scanning electron microscopy and a
      luciferine-luciferase method. The aged erythrocytes incubated in a mixture of
      adenine and inosine markedly regained their ATP levels, and also showed a marked
      transformation from spiked spherocytes to normal discocytes. Incubation with
      inosine alone restored ATP levels of the aged erythrocytes to some extent, but
      did not result in morphological rejuvenation. Incubation in a mixture of citrate
      and glucose caused morphological rejuvenation, though it restored ATP levels less
      effectively than incubation in inosine alone. Incubation with adenine alone
      neither restored ATP levels nor resulted in morphological rejuvenation of the
      stored erythrocytes.

PMID- 4024995
TI  - Clinico-pathologic analysis of 221 cases of breast carcinoma.

PMID- 4024996
TI  - [Compared hemodynamic effects of 4 inotropic agents used in a model of pulmonary
      edema due to oleic acid].

PMID- 4024997
TI  - [Prognostic value of simple chest radiography for the establishment of risk
      factors in open mitral valve surgery].

PMID- 4024998
TI  - [Revision of the academic curriculum during the clinical cycle].

PMID- 4024999
TI  - [The infertile couple].

PMID- 4025000
TI  - [N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in relation to blood glucose, serum
      fructosamine and type I diabetic nephropathy].

PMID- 4025001
TI  - Four-year incidence of myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death in twelve
      Finnish population cohorts.
AB  - The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden coronary death in four
      years was studied in 6510 men and 5800 women, aged 30-59 years, derived from 12
      Finnish population cohorts constituting the invited population to a prospective
      study. The incidence of all fatal coronary events in four years was 13.0/1 000 in
      men and 1.8/1 000 in women. The incidence of sudden coronary death was 7.8/1 000
      in men and 0.7/1 000 in women. The incidence of non-fatal MI was 22.2/1 000 in
      men and 7.3/1 000 in women. Coronary mortality was significantly higher in non
      participants in the initial survey than in participants. The incidence of MI was
      highest in men from eastern Finland (North Karelia), intermediate in men from
      central and western Finland and lowest in men from southwestern Finland. There
      were no significant regional differences in the incidence of MI in women. The
      incidence of MI in this study was in good agreement with that recorded in the
      myocardial community registers.

PMID- 4025002
TI  - The prognosis for patients referred with suspected acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - A follow-up investigation of the prognosis of 381 patients admitted with
      suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been carried out in respect of
      later AMI or death. During hospitalization the patients were divided into groups
      with particular attention to patients with no demonstrable myocardial infarction
      but with ischaemic heart disease (non-AMI) and patients with confirmed AMI. All
      patients were subjected to follow-up for 43 months (range 37-54). The mortality
      from cardiovascular causes after four years was 26.2% of 130 non-AMI patients and
      25.8% of AMI patients. The majority of new infarctions were found in the AMI
      patients, but with even increase in both groups, 50% occurring within the first
      12 months. The groups were studied with regard to earlier manifestations of
      ischaemic heart disease and heart failure during hospitalization, without any
      difference being observed. Due to the poor prognosis the question is raised
      whether non-AMI patients as a group should be offered prophylactic therapy.

PMID- 4025003
TI  - Plasma HDL cholesterol and blood glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetics
      related to liver lipids and microsomal enzyme activity.
AB  - The major lipid predictors of coronary events, plasma high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (HDL-C) and the HDL-C/total cholesterol (T-C) ratio, and blood
      glucose (BG) in 12 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were
      related to hepatic lipids, proteins and microsomal enzyme activity assessed by
      liver cytochrome P-450 (P-450). Non-insulin-dependent diabetics had low HDL-C/T-C
      ratio, liver phospholipid (PL) and P-450 and high serum and liver triglyceride
      (TG) concentrations. Plasma HDL-C was decreased, and BG high, especially in
      subjects with reduced PL and P-450. The HDL-C/T-C ratio was directly proportional
      to liver PL and P-450 and unrelated to hepatic TG. Increases in liver PL and
      microsomal enzyme activity may be favorably reflected both in cholesterol
      distribution and diabetic control.

PMID- 4025004
TI  - Triglycerides--main lipid risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women?
AB  - A 12-year longitudinal population study of 1462 women, aged 38-60, was carried
      out in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1968-69. Women with high initial serum triglyceride
      values had a higher 12-year incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke and total
      mortality than the others. The findings for serum triglycerides persisted for
      myocardial infarction, stroke and total mortality after adjustment for other
      possible risk factors for ischaemic heart disease such as age, systolic blood
      pressure, smoking, indices of obesity and serum cholesterol, while serum
      cholesterol did not predict any end-points studied when taking other risk factors
      including serum triglycerides into account.

PMID- 4025005
TI  - Paradoxical esterification of plasma cholesterol in fish eye disease.
AB  - The activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT), the enzyme which
      catalyses the esterification of human plasma cholesterol, has been measured by
      two independent methods in plasma from the two known living Swedish patients with
      fish eye disease. The enzyme activity was in both cases about 15% of that of
      normal plasma. Paradoxically, however, the percentage of plasma cholesterol which
      was esterified was almost normal in both patients. In addition, a normal spectrum
      of the fatty acids of the cholesteryl esters was present indicating a normal
      cholesterol esterification pathway in vivo. Incubation experiments in vitro of
      plasma from the two patients also yielded normal cholesterol esterification rates
      when measured by two different methods. These paradoxical results for cholesterol
      esterification are discussed on the basis of the present biochemical knowledge of
      fish eye disease and LCAT deficiency.

PMID- 4025006
TI  - Haemostatic parameters in Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - We have studied haemostatic parameters in 12 patients with Cushing's syndrome.
      Three patients had prolonged bleeding times, and in all seven patients whose
      bleeding times were measured 3-6 months after surgical treatment the
      postoperative bleeding times were shorter (mean 7.5 min) than the pretreatment
      times (mean 12.3 min). In ADP- or adrenaline-induced aggregation the second wave
      was lacking in six and the degree of aggregation was borderline or subnormal in
      five patients. One patient had, in addition, a severe defect in collagen-induced
      aggregation. However, thromboxane B2 production of the platelets from both
      endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acid was unaffected. Factor VIII:C, RAg and
      Rcof activities were all elevated, and in patients with severe disease F VIIIR:Ag
      and F VIII:Rcof activities were markedly more elevated than F VIII:C activity.
      The changes in both primary haemostasis and in factor VIII activities correlated
      clearly with the clinical severity of the disease.

PMID- 4025007
TI  - Abnormal renal sodium excretion in the nephrotic syndrome after furosemide:
      relation to glomerular filtration rate.
AB  - The effect of 40 mg furosemide intravenously on sodium excretion, the renin
      aldosterone system and arginine vasopressin (AVP) was studied in 14 patients with
      the nephrotic syndrome and in 13 control subjects. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) was
      reduced in all patients but four. Before furosemide, AVP, but not angiotensin II
      (AII) or aldosterone (Aldo), was increased in the nephrotic patients. After
      furosemide, sodium excretion (NaE) increased less and changes in AVP, AII and
      Aldo were blunted in the patients. Ccr and NaE were positively correlated in the
      nephrotic syndrome. The reduced sodium response after furosemide in the nephrotic
      syndrome seems to be closely correlated to a reduced glomerular filtration rate
      but not to an increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The
      reduced response of AVP, AII and Aldo after furosemide is consistent with a lower
      degree of volume depletion in nephrotic patients.

PMID- 4025008
TI  - Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Low concentrations of acetylcholine receptor antibodies were found in 16 out of
      17 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Seven patients were treated or had
      been treated with penicillamine. Ten untreated patients had antibody levels
      corresponding to those found in the treated group. Our data support the presence
      of receptor antibodies of both IgG and IgM class.

PMID- 4025009
TI  - Blood pressure changes in man during infrasonic exposure. An experimental study.
AB  - Twenty healthy male volunteers were exposed to infrasound in a pressure chamber
      especially designed for the experiments. The effects on blood pressure, pulse
      rate and serum cortisol levels of acute infrasonic stimulation were studied in a
      series of different experiments. Varying frequencies (6, 12, 16 Hz) and pressure
      levels (95, 110, 125 dB(lin)) were tested. Significantly increased diastolic and
      decreased systolic blood pressures were recorded without any rise in pulse rate.
      The increase in diastolic blood pressure reached a maximal mean of about 8 mmHg
      after 30 min exposure. The results suggest that acute infrasonic stimulation
      induces a peripheral vasoconstriction with increased blood pressure, previously
      shown to occur in conjunction with industrial noise. Chronic long-term exposure
      to environmental infrasound may be of importance for the development of essential
      hypertension in predisposed individuals.

PMID- 4025010
TI  - The significance of ST and T changes for the development of coronary events in
      patients with acute coronary chest pain, treated in a coronary care unit without
      verified acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The one-year prognosis for patients with a confirmed diagnosis of acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI) was compared with that of non-AMI patients treated in
      the coronary care unit (CCU). The one-year incidence of coronary events (CE)
      after discharge from CCU was 37% in the 51 AMI patients and 20% in the 81 non-AMI
      patients. The one-year mortality rates were 27 and 4%, respectively. Among the
      non-AMI patients, well known risk factors such as hypertension, previous AMI,
      congestive heart failure, smoking, diabetes and hyperlipaemia were not more
      common in those who developed a CE. ST segment depression and T wave inversion,
      each of at least 0.1 mV, in three or more ECG leads were selective criteria for a
      high-risk group with respect to CE. Preventive measures should be considered in
      this group of patients without verified AMI.

PMID- 4025011
TI  - Prolonged severe cholestasis induced by oxacillin derivatives. A report on two
      cases.
AB  - Two patients with osteomyelitis who developed reversible cholestatic jaundice
      during treatment with oxacillin derivatives are described. The clinical course as
      well as the biochemical pattern and the investigation of liver biopsy specimens
      enabled us to establish the diagnoses of drug-induced canalicular and
      hepatocanalicular cholestasis.

PMID- 4025012
TI  - Severe proliferative retinopathy in a young man with diabetes of very short
      duration.
AB  - A 22-year-old man developed typical insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. At the
      time of diagnosis no signs of diabetic retinopathy were found by an experienced
      ophthalmologist, but florid proliferative diabetic retinopathy was observed only
      seven months later. Despite treatment with laser and vitrectomy the eye lesions
      progressed to total blindness within 30 months after the diagnosis of diabetes.

PMID- 4025013
TI  - Treatment of supratentorial primary arachnoid cysts.
AB  - Twenty-four cases of supratentorial primary arachnoid cysts operated with
      different techniques are reviewed: both cyst shunting or extirpation may lead to
      a good early clinical result, but the former is less dangerous and more indicated
      in a particular group of patients; late results are better in the shunted
      patients. CT scan is almost always diagnostic and is mandatory postoperatively to
      assess the late results.

PMID- 4025014
TI  - Shunting procedures in the management of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid cysts
      in infancy and childhood.
AB  - Widely diverging opinions on the optimal therapy for intracranial cerebrospinal
      fluid cysts (CSF), mainly arachnoid cysts and the Dandy-Walker cysts, exist.
      Excision of the cyst walls in the treatment of the Dandy-Walker cyst has been
      replaced by shunting procedures, but the recommended method for primary treatment
      of arachnoid cysts in childhood is still cyst wall excision. Membrane excision
      is, however, often complicated by recurrence, subsequently requiring shunting
      procedures. In a series of 19 cases primary shunting of intracranial CSF cysts
      proved to be a reliable method. In those cases where hydrocephalus (ventricular
      dilatation) is present at the time of the primary operation the ventricles should
      be shunted as well as the cyst. The catheter from the ventricle and that from the
      cyst should be connected to the same valve, otherwise an increased risk of
      intracranial herniation exists. The prognosis for infants and children suffering
      from intracranial CSF cysts is in general good; in 17 out of 19 cases mental
      development was normal and in 15 out of 19 motor development was normal. The risk
      of permanent motor damage seems to be particularly high when an arachnoid cyst is
      located on the quadrigeminal plate.

PMID- 4025015
TI  - Gammasubdurography in the diagnosis of chronic subdural bilateral and
      communicating effusion in infants.
AB  - The results obtained by means of Gammasubdurography (G.S.G.) in 37 infants having
      chronic subdural bilateral effusions, are presented. The use of this procedure,
      which consists of unilateral injection of Radioiodinated Human Sero Albumin
      (RIHSA-I 131), into the subdural effusion, is suggested for the determination of
      a communication between the two cavities. At the same time it is possible to get
      valuable information about their exact localization and extension. Once the
      communication is diagnosed, the treatment proposed is internal or external
      unilateral drainage. The method is safe and is performed in a short time which
      permits its use in the screening of these patients, especially in conjunction
      with Gammaencephalography (G.E.G.) and Computer Tomography (CT), patients to it.
      The test (G.S.G.) has been used by us since 1979. All our cases are included in
      this series. All of them had been diagnosed by subdural puncture,
      transillumination, G.E.G. and or CT Scan, as having bilateral subdural
      collections. All the patients received a saturated iodine solution, 24 hours in
      advance and for 10 days, as a thyroid blocking agent, which was administered in
      the usual oral dosage. The radiopharmaceutical administration was performed
      through a unilateral subdural puncture in a dose of 50 to 80 microcurie of RIHSA
      I 131 with a high specific activity. Immediately after this, sequential analog
      images were obtained with the patient supine and in anterior and lateral head
      projections. This was accomplished by using a PICKER DYNA 4 Gammacamera equipped
      with a medium energy parallel hole collimator. The interval between the images
      was determined during the test in agreement with the findings.

PMID- 4025016
TI  - Tension pneumocephalus in association with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
AB  - The authors report a case of tension pneumocephalus in association with a
      ventriculoperitoneal shunt for obstructive hydrocephalus, due to the presence of
      a pineal tumour. In this unique form of tension pneumocephalus, air from the
      middle ear must have penetrated into the brain parenchyma and later on into the
      ventricular system through pre-existing congenital defects in the bony tegmen
      tympani and the covering dura mater. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms of this
      kind of tension pneumocephalus are discussed.

PMID- 4025017
TI  - Spinal intradural arachnoid cysts.
AB  - Based on the study of 8 cases of spinal intradural arachnoid cysts, the authors
      underline that the diagnosis is sometimes difficult because of the limitations of
      the paraclinical examination. They discuss aetiopathological problems.

PMID- 4025018
TI  - Lancinating pain in post-laminectomy chronic sciatica.
AB  - Lancinating pain, as described in tabes dorsalis, was noted in four patients with
      chronic sciatica after several months of laminectomy. The pain responded well to
      carbamezapine therapy. Abnormal or ephaptic neural transmission of impulses in
      the roots was considered to be the cause of such pain.

PMID- 4025019
TI  - Creatine kinase BB in blood as index of prognosis and effect of treatment after
      severe head injury.
AB  - High concentrations of creatine kinase BB (CK-BB) were found in all blood samples
      drawn within 6 hours of accident from 45 patients with brain contusion. The
      highest concentrations of more than 100 microg/l were measured in blood samples
      taken shortly after the accident from patients with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of
      6 or less. The CK-BB concentrations decreased rapidly to normal within 36 hours
      of accident in the patients given intensive care guided by intracranial pressure
      (ICP) monitoring. In patients with less severe injuries according to GCS the
      initial CK-BB concentrations were generally lower and normalized less rapidly.
      The outcome after 6 months was moderate or good in all 9 patients who had this
      rapid normalization of blood CK-BB. On the other hand, of 20 patients who had a
      more slow CK-BB decrease, only 9 had an acceptable outcome. Delayed ICP increase
      to more than 40 mm Hg and even delayed brain tamponade did not result in CK-BB
      levels higher than 5 microg/l. Brain tamponade in the acute stage resulted in
      rapid CK-BB decrease in the blood. In paired simultaneously drawn samples of
      lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood, CK-BB levels were generally higher in
      the CSF.

PMID- 4025020
TI  - Creatine kinaseBB-activity after head trauma related to outcome.
AB  - The brain-type isoenzyme of creatine kinase was determined in serum (S) and
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 37 patients with severe head injury, and a
      correlation was made with the Glasgow coma score and Glasgow outcome score. All
      patients with normal S-CKBB and CSF-CKBB activities had a coma score of 15, i.e.,
      no neurological deficits, at six hours after the trauma and a good outcome. All
      15 patients with a significant increase in the enzyme in serum and CSF had a coma
      score less than 15. The outcome was still good for five of these patients, while
      six were moderately disabled, two were severely disabled, and two died. There was
      no correlation between the individual CKBB-values and the outcome.

PMID- 4025021
TI  - Sub-pial infiltration of blood products following experimental subarachnoid
      haemorrhage.
AB  - The authors studied the trans-pial penetration of blood products into the
      cerebral cortex of cats within the first hour following subarachnoid hemorrhage
      (SAH). Twenty-two animals were subjected to SAH by cisternal injection of blood,
      and 13 were used as controls. The brains were fixed in situ and the histological
      sections were examined under the fluorescence microscope. The cerebral parenchyma
      of the control animals displayed a homogeneous greenish autofluorescence. In the
      animals with SAH, the subarachnoid blood showed a yellow autofluorescence that
      also penetrated into the superficial cortex. The possible clinical implications
      of the observation are discussed.

PMID- 4025022
TI  - Connective tissue scarring in experimental spinal cord lesions: significance of
      dural continuity and role of epidural tissues.
AB  - Neoformation of connective tissue occurring at the level of spinal cord injury is
      considered a factor in the failure of regeneration in the mammalian spinal cord.
      The purpose of the present research was to experimentally investigate the origin
      and characteristics of connective proliferation following spinal cord lesion
      produced by compression in the rat. The role of the dural sheath and that of the
      tissues surrounding the spinal cord were studied. In one group of animals (1),
      the dura mater was left intact; in a second group (2) a transverse incision of
      the dura was performed at the level of the spinal cord compressive lesion. In
      group (1) a few collagenous fibres were seen within the lesion but no connective
      septum was observed. In group (2) a transversely orientated septum of fibrous
      scar tissue was constantly found within the lesioned cord. Our experimental study
      shows that: 1. dural continuity prevents the formation of connective tissue
      scarring and limits fibrous reactions in the epidural space; 2. opening of the
      dural sheath is followed by a vigorous fibroblastic reaction in the epidural
      tissue which extends into the spinal cord to form a connective septum.

PMID- 4025024
TI  - Microsurgical anatomy around the origin of the ophthalmic artery with reference
      to contralateral pterional surgical approach to the carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm.
AB  - The supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and their
      surrounding structures were examined under magnification in 25 adult cadavers.
      Attention was paid to anatomical variations and relationships concerning
      ipsilateral and contralateral pterional microsurgical approaches to these
      regions, especially to the origin of the ophthalmic artery. Eighty-four percent
      of the ophthalmic arteries arose from the supraclinoid segment of the ICA. In the
      ipsilateral pterional approach, mobilization of the ipsilateral optic nerve was
      required to see the origin of the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery and the medial
      aspect of the proximal portion of the supraclinoid segment of the ICA. In the
      contralateral pterional approach, on the other hand, these areas on the
      contralateral side could be identified under the optic nerve with minimal or
      without retraction of the contralateral optic nerve. This was because 71% of the
      ophthalmic arteries arose from the supero-medial aspect of the ICA, and because
      there was nothing to intercept the view of the medial aspect of the ICA under the
      optic nerve. This study supports the usefulness of the contralateral pterional
      approach to the origin of the ophthalmic artery and the medial aspect of the
      supraclinoid segment of the ICA. This approach could be useful in certain cases
      of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm. The authors' experience with the contralateral
      pterional approach to carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms is also described.

PMID- 4025023
TI  - Barbiturates for cerebral aneurysm surgery. A review of preliminary results.
AB  - Ninety-two cerebral aneurysm cases treated by clipping under moderate hypothermia
      are reviewed. Twenty-three of these cases received pentobarbitone during surgery
      in doses sufficient to render the EEG flat. The overall combined mortality and
      morbidity (complication rate) among 69 non-barbiturate cases was 21.7%. There
      were significant differences in results between aneurysms in different anatomical
      locations. The complication rate among eight middle cerebral artery aneurysm
      cases was 62.5% and among ten internal carotid artery bifurcation cases 40%,
      while that among nineteen internal carotid artery cases was 16% and among 27
      anterior communicating complex cases 7.4%. The overall complication rate among 23
      pentobarbitone cases was 17%. There were no complications among eight middle
      cerebral artery cases; one of two internal carotid bifurcation cases became
      hemiplegic following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery at is origin. The
      complication rate among nine internal carotid cases was 22%. No difficulties were
      experienced regarding haemodynamic stability or cardiac rhythm while using
      pentobarbitone at normothermia or at 28 degrees C. It is suggested that cerebral
      aneurysms involving the middle cerebral artery which appear to be most at risk
      may have the most to gain by the prophylactic use of pentobarbitone during
      surgery.

PMID- 4025025
TI  - [Dexamethasone suppression test and unipolar-bipolar classification of
      depression].

PMID- 4025026
TI  - [Use of the dexamethasone suppression test in a prospective study of
      pseudodementias].

PMID- 4025027
TI  - [The epileptic and his family: neurologic and psychological factors of peculiar
      pathologic dynamics].

PMID- 4025028
TI  - [Osgood's semantic differential in neurotics].

PMID- 4025029
TI  - [Startle epilepsy: review of the literature and case report].

PMID- 4025031
TI  - Chronic treatments in neuropsychiatry.

PMID- 4025030
TI  - [Differential profile of psychiatric emergencies in a general hospital and a
      psychiatric hospital].

PMID- 4025032
TI  - Chronic and recurrent affective disorders: incidence, course, and influencing
      factors.

PMID- 4025033
TI  - Practical problems of lithium maintenance treatment.

PMID- 4025034
TI  - Response to lithium prophylaxis in schizoaffective psychoses.

PMID- 4025035
TI  - Approach to chronic and treatment-resistant depressions.

PMID- 4025036
TI  - Role of diagnosis in resolving issues concerning the treatment of chronic
      depressive disorders.

PMID- 4025037
TI  - How many, and which patients with affective disorders need long-term maintenance
      therapy?

PMID- 4025038
TI  - Long-acting therapy of schizophrenia.

PMID- 4025039
TI  - Neuroleptic blood levels and tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 4025040
TI  - Extrapyramidal effects of benzamides.

PMID- 4025041
TI  - Neuroendocrine effects of haloperidol decanoate in patients with chronic
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 4025043
TI  - A new model of liposuction cannula.
AB  - A new design for the suction cannula used in suction curettage is presented.
      Based on several years' experience in patients from 17 to 63 years of age, the
      new device allows softer movements intraoperatively, a correct grasp, and
      excellent suction.

PMID- 4025042
TI  - Hypothesis of a deficiency of central noradrenergic input in DST nonsuppressor
      depressed patients. A clinical study with determination of DST and plasma DOPEG:
      negative results.

PMID- 4025044
TI  - Adjuvant use of the suction lipectomy cannula for blunt dissection.
AB  - The blunt-tipped suction lipectomy cannula has proven to be quite effective and
      is now readily available for dissection of soft tissue spaces. Several clinical
      examples demonstrating the versatility and utility of this instrument are
      presented.

PMID- 4025045
TI  - Treatment of male pattern baldness with one-stage flap.
AB  - A 1-stage correction of baldness is described, using a vertical preauricular or
      retroauricular flap, and employing local anesthesia rather than general
      anesthesia.

PMID- 4025046
TI  - Method of tying up hair during hair transplantation.
AB  - We have reported on a simple and secure method of tying up hair during
      transplantation surgery for alopecia. The implements used were Kocher's forceps
      and rubber bands which are readily obtainable in the operating theater.

PMID- 4025047
TI  - Autologous blood transfusion for combined plastic surgeries.
AB  - Autologous blood transfusion is indicated and helpful for any patient who is
      entering surgery in whom the surgeon anticipates a large blood loss because of
      the multiple or combined plastic operations being planned for one surgical
      sitting. The advantages of autologous over homologous transfusions include
      avoidance of incompatibility reactions, better volume expansion, and no risk of
      acquiring diseases.

PMID- 4025049
TI  - Structure and biochemistry of collagen.
AB  - The structure and immunochemistry of the interstitial collagens (types I, II, and
      III), and the structure of basement membrane collagen (type IV) and filamentous
      collagen (type VI) are described, together with the implications of the different
      types of collagen.

PMID- 4025048
TI  - Rhomboid transposition flaps.
AB  - The limitations of the Limberg, Dufourmentel, and Webster flaps are analyzed. The
      use of multiple rhomboidal transposition flaps to close rhomboidal surgical
      defects is illustrated.

PMID- 4025050
TI  - Collagen injections: two years' experience.
AB  - A total of 165 patients with varying indications have been treated with Zyderm
      Collagen Implant. Among these patients, only 4 allergic reactions were found: 3
      local and 1 general. Results obtained depend on the type of lesion treated; it is
      suggested that the treatment of rhytids provides the best indication for collagen
      implant.

PMID- 4025051
TI  - Experience with collagen injection for the correction of contour deficiencies.
AB  - The author reports on the successful use of collagen injections after surgery for
      the correction of inter-superciliary lines and missing tissue lesions after
      rhinoplasty. Less successful results were obtained with naso-labial lines or
      lesions of excess tissue after rhinoplasty. Caution is advised in the use of
      collagen injections for congenital lesions.

PMID- 4025052
TI  - Prevention of postoperative facial edema with steroids after facial surgery.
AB  - A one-bolus (dose) of 1 g of methylprednisolone was administered intravenously to
      patients undergoing facial surgery or craniofacial surgery, before the
      termination of the operative procedure. The degree of facial edema noted was
      reduced, and when it occurred, it was mild and of shorter duration. These
      observations were made on the experimental design first, and later in the
      clinical setting. No adverse effects were noted, and patients given this
      treatment required less pain medication in the immediate postoperative period.
      The mechanism of action of the steroids is multifactorial, related to decrease in
      the accumulation of fluid at the capillary level, and reduction of flow at the
      venoarterial sphincters. The use of steroids is safe when used with caution in
      selected patients, and by experienced surgeons.

PMID- 4025053
TI  - Polyurethane-covered silicone gel mammary prosthesis for successful breast
      reconstruction.
AB  - A polyurethane-covered silicone gel implant has been used by the author in 150
      breast reconstructions and augmentations in the past 9 years. The results have
      been most gratifying with regard to breast softness, breast compressibility, and
      esthetics. Only 4 patients have developed a unilateral capsule contracture and
      firm breast. The reasons are postulated for these satisfying results.
      Complications have been few and very minor.

PMID- 4025054
TI  - Complications with homologous fat grafts in breast augmentation surgery.
AB  - The most common complications in breast augmentation surgery with homologous fat
      grafts obtained from fresh cadavers are presented, showing subsequent surgical
      procedures to reconstruct the breasts of such patients through use of silicone
      prostheses and muscle flaps from the latissimus dorsi.

PMID- 4025055
TI  - An unusual case of gigantomasty.
AB  - The authors report an unusual case of gigantomasty, of such proportions that it
      is believed to be the most striking published case, when the ratio of breast
      weight/body weight is taken into account (24%). The outstanding breast volume and
      the aggressive and pronounced growth potential of the breast tissue presented
      unusual problems which required special solutions. The case is presented from its
      beginning, when the patient was 12 years old up to the completion of treatment
      with the patient at adult age.

PMID- 4025056
TI  - Reduction suction mammoplasty and suction lipectomy as an adjunct to breast
      surgery.
AB  - Suction lipectomy has become an accepted procedure and its full use is still
      being elucidated. The author herein describes the use of suction lipectomy as an
      adjunct in refining the results of established surgical procedures on the breast.
      The authors also explain the use of suction lipectomy in doing "suction
      reduction" mammoplasty. The advantages of the use of suction lipectomy as an
      adjunct to breast surgery and for reduction mammoplasty are explained.

PMID- 4025057
TI  - [Studies on congenital constitution by HLA antigens relating to lattice
      degeneration and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment].

PMID- 4025058
TI  - [Enhancement of evoked potentials by saccadic eye movement--effect of attentional
      buzzer].

PMID- 4025059
TI  - [Effects of panretinal photocoagulation on posterior fundus in diabetic
      retinopathy. Analysis of local macular electroretinogram and visual evoked
      response].

PMID- 4025060
TI  - [A new analysis of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test].

PMID- 4025061
TI  - [A new apparatus for automatic counting of aqueous floaters].

PMID- 4025062
TI  - [Light and electron microscopic study on the iris stromal vessels in capsular
      glaucoma].

PMID- 4025063
TI  - [Aging changes in the peripheral cornea].

PMID- 4025064
TI  - [Studies of stereoptic VEPs with static random-dot stereograms--stimulus
      parameters].

PMID- 4025065
TI  - [Studies on peak latency and phase of pattern VEPs by inverse Fourier transform].

PMID- 4025066
TI  - [Study on development of collateral circulation following anterior uveal ischemia
      in rabbit eyes. 1. Occlusion of the long posterior ciliary arteries].

PMID- 4025067
TI  - [Chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the crystalline lens. 2.
      Pathological experiment].

PMID- 4025068
TI  - [Analysis of aqueous humor proteins].

PMID- 4025069
TI  - [Functional disorder of retinal pigment epithelium after cataract extraction].

PMID- 4025070
TI  - [Basilar impression combined with Arnold-Chiari malformation and syringobulbia-
      M.R.I. (magnetic resonance image, N.M.R.) diagnosis].

PMID- 4025071
TI  - [Polygenic analysis of keratoconus].

PMID- 4025072
TI  - [Studies on the causative factor of the Descemet's membrane ruptures at birth on
      the development of form vision deprivation amblyopia].

PMID- 4025073
TI  - [Investigation of the vitreo-retino-ciliary barrier by vitreous fluorophotometry.
      I. Evaluation of age differences in normal adults].

PMID- 4025074
TI  - [The effect of body position on intraocular pressure in normal and glaucomatous
      eyes--a comparative study with pneumatonograph].

PMID- 4025075
TI  - [Langerhans cells in vernal conjunctivitis].

PMID- 4025076
TI  - [Ophthalmic care of very low birthweight infants. Report 2. Transient cataracts
      in very low birthweight infants].

PMID- 4025078
TI  - [Renal arterial embolization for renal cell carcinoma].
AB  - Renal arterial embolization is often used in the treatment of patients with renal
      cell carcinoma, either preoperatively to facilitate nephrectomy or as palliative
      therapy in advanced cases. Eighteen patients (18/58; 31%) underwent renal
      arterial embolization in our department since 1979, initial 10 cases with Gelfoam
      and steel coil (group G) and recent 8 cases with absolute ethanol (group A).
      Clinical studies of daily changes of symptoms and blood chemistry in both groups
      after embolization were compared and the results were as follows: Severe flank
      pain was noted immediately after embolization but thereafter well controlled
      without analgesics in group A. The patients in group G experienced no pain during
      the procedure of embolization but have had moderate flank pain of two or three
      days' duration with nausea and/or vomiting and required surgical procedure within
      a few days after embolization. Post embolization fever in group A was described
      as higher than that in group G significantly. Leukocytosis was noted to be
      persistent for up to seven days and blood chemistry showed transient marked
      elevations of GOT, GPT and LDH immediately after the procedure without
      significant value in both groups. Embolization to advanced tumor with many
      parasitic vessels or massive local invasion may not always be available for
      remaining of viable-appearing tumor cells in venous lumen, as if palliative
      treatment. Absolute ethanol may be more useful as the embolizing substance than
      Gelfoam and steel coil by reason of producing wide severe infarction of diseased
      kidney. Broad marked infarction due to renal arterial embolization may make
      pathological diagnosis difficult. Immunological effects of renal arterial
      embolization were not observed in short term patients survival.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025077
TI  - [The treatment of renal cell carcinoma with recombinant human leukocyte
      interferon].
AB  - Recombinant human leukocyte (alpha) interferon was administered i.m. at the
      initial dose of 3 X 10(6) U/day to 27 patients with measurable metastatic renal
      cell carcinoma during the past 2 years. The results of 22 of these patients were
      evaluable. Three patients (13.6%) showed partial response; 3 patients (13.6%),
      minor response; 7 patients (31.8%), no change; and 9 patients (40.9%),
      progressive disease. Major toxicity consisted of fever (55.5%), anorexia (44.4%),
      malaise (22.2%), elevation of GOT/GPT (48.1%), leukopenia (44.4%) and
      thrombocytopenia (29.6%). When the 3 patients who showed stabilization (S) and
      the 2 patients who showed mixed effects (ME) among the 7 patients who showed no
      change are classified into the responded group, half the patients had some
      response to interferon. Characteristics of these responders (PR + MR + ME + S)
      were good performance status, relatively longer disease-free interval, metastases
      limited to the lungs or metastasis to lungs and one other organ excluding the
      liver, and frequency of interferon-induced thrombocytopenia. Interferon
      administration is still being continued to 4 patients on an outpatient basis, 5
      patients are hospitalized and 13 patients have died. In conclusion, patients with
      pulmonary metastases seem to be the best responding group for interferon
      treatment in renal cell carcinoma and further trials, especially combined
      regimens with chemotherapy and/or other kinds of interferon should be tested.

PMID- 4025079
TI  - [The determination of oxalate in the urine by a new enzymatic method using
      oxalate oxidase].
AB  - Oxalate is one of the most important constituents in urine of urinary stone. But
      the determination of oxalate in urine has not been performed as a routine
      laboratory examination because of difficulty or inaccuracy in measuring oxalate
      in urine. We tried to measure oxalate in urine by the newly developed enzymic
      method with oxalate oxidase. This method is not only simple but also accurate
      enough. The reproducibility S.D./mean was 2.3-9.0%, the recovery rate was 95.2 +/
      4.0% (mean +/- S.D.) With this method, the normal range of urine oxalate in 24
      hours was determined to be 11.8 mg-39.4 mg, the upper limit was 40 mg. By taking
      the regular diet which contains 500 mg of calcium and 1,000 mg of phosphorus a
      day, the excretion of oxalate in urine was significantly decreased in the stone
      formers. This suggests that the influence of the diet upon the excretion of
      oxalate in urine for 24 hours is important especially in stone formers.

PMID- 4025080
TI  - [The effectiveness of a combination of trimethoprim plus rifampicin and local
      injection of antibiotics into the prostate in chronic bacterial prostatitis].
AB  - Seventy out-patients suffering from chronic bacterial prostatitis were treated
      with a combination of trimethoprim plus rifampicin or trimethoprim alone. A
      combination of 300 mg. rifampicin plus 160 mg. trimethoprim (rifaprim) was used.
      Forty-four patients were administered rifaprim at doses of 920 mg. (twice a day)
      for two months. Twenty-six patients were administered trimethoprim at doses of
      320 mg. (twice a day) for two months. Cultures of the expressed prostatic
      secretions (EPS) yielded gram-positive bacteria in 61 patients and gram-negative
      bacteria in 9. In rifaprim group, clinical responses were excellent in 9 cases,
      moderate in 23 cases and poor in 12 cases. The efficacy rate was 73%. In
      trimethoprim group, excellent in 1 case, moderate in 14 cases and poor in 11
      cases. The efficacy rate was 60%. Seven patients of chronic bacterial prostatitis
      were treated by local injection of tobramycin into the prostate. The antibiotic
      level in the prostatic fluid twenty-four hours after injection was very high. The
      pain and discomfort experienced by the patients during injection into the
      prostate were minimal. Local necrosis was not found after histologic or electron
      microscopic studies of biopsied prostatic specimen after the injection. Results
      show that this simple method should be valuable in the treatment of the
      refractory group of chronic bacterial prostatitis.

PMID- 4025082
TI  - [Horseshoe kidney in an infant associated with ureteropelvic junction and
      ureterovesical junction obstructions].
AB  - A 4-month old baby was seen in August, 1982 because of abdominal distension. The
      findings of the physical examination were normal except for a man's fist sized
      mass in the left upper abdomen. IVP revealed left nonvisualizing kidney. CT scans
      revealed a large mass in the left abdomen with low density contents and renal
      scintigraphy revealed a horseshoe kidney. The tentative diagnosis was horseshoe
      kidney associated with hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
      Left pyeloplasty was performed in September 1982 and postoperative X-ray
      examinations revealed left ureterovesical junction obstruction. Left
      ureteroneocystostomy was performed in October, 1982 and postoperative course was
      uneventful. Horseshoe kidney in infants is rare in the Japanese literature and
      our case is quite unique in that horseshoe kidney is associated with
      ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction obstruction.

PMID- 4025081
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the contralateral adrenal gland: a case report].
AB  - Unilateral adrenal tuberculosis is a very rare disease. A 66-year-old woman
      presented with epigastric discomfort and general fatigue. Abdominal CT scan
      revealed a homogeneous mass shadow in the right adrenal region. Findings of
      physical examination were normal except that the patient was obese. Hormonal data
      were in normal range. Adrenal scintiscanning demonstrated no RI uptake in the
      right adrenal gland. Right adrenalectomy was performed under the diagnosis of
      nonfunctioning tumor of the right adrenal gland. Histopathological examination,
      however, revealed typical tuberculosis with Langhans' type of giant cells and
      infiltrated lymphocytes. Of 322, 148 autopsies performed during the twelve years
      between 1970 and 1981 in Japan, 228 cases of adrenal tuberculosis were
      recognized. Furthermore, only 18 cases had tuberculous regions in the adrenal
      gland alone.

PMID- 4025083
TI  - [Renal cell carcinoma, primary lesion which was not easily identified: report of
      two cases].
AB  - We report two cases of renal cell carcinoma, primary lesions of which were not
      diagnosed at an early stage. The first case was a 58-year-old woman, who had
      nephrectomy due to staghorn calculus of left kidney. Fifteen months later, she
      died of metastatic cancer whose origin was unknown until the left kidney was re
      examined. It was sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. The second case was 43-year
      old woman, who had amputation of right index finger due to metastatic tumor.
      Renal cell carcinoma was highly suspected, but no tumor could be found in her
      kidneys although various urological examinations were performed. Two years later,
      abdominal CT scan showed a space-occupying lesion (SOL) of left kidney. She had
      left nephrectomy, and the origin was finally identified.

PMID- 4025084
TI  - [A case of bilateral ureteral triplication].
AB  - Ureteral triplication is a rare congenital anomaly of the urinary tract, although
      ureteral duplication is rather common. Bilateral ureteral triplications are even
      rare anomalies. A five-year-old girl with a history of urinary tract infection
      and episodes of fever and lower abdominal pain was admitted to our hospital for
      further examination of microscopic hematuria. An excretory urogram (IVP) revealed
      bilateral 3 pelves and ureters, and cystoscopic examination showed 2 ureteral
      orifices on each side. Both sides of bilateral ureteral triplications in our case
      belonged to type B of Smith's classification. Ureteral triplication was first
      reported by Wrany in 1870. Since then 84 cases have been reported and among them
      3 cases had bilateral ureteral triplications. In this article, the classification
      and the development of ureteral triplication are reviewed briefly.

PMID- 4025085
TI  - [Blind-ending bifid ureter: a case report].
AB  - This is a report on a case of blind-ending ureter. The patient was a 56-year-old
      female who had complained of a pain in the left flank. There was no urinary tract
      infection. Excretory urography revealed a left blind-ending bifid ureter. It was
      resected and the removed specimen was about 8 cm in length. Histologically, it
      had all layers of the ureteral structure, but no renal tissue was found. The post
      operative course was uneventful. We collected 55 cases of blind-ending bifid
      ureters reported in Japan including our own and discussed the difference between
      blind-ending bifid ureter and ureteral diverticulum.

PMID- 4025086
TI  - [A case of recurrent yolk sac tumor of the testis in childhood: bulky
      retroperitoneal metastatic tumors cured by tumor resection and chemotherapy].
AB  - We carried out only high orchiectomy for a 1-year and 7-month-old boy with stage
      1 yolk sac tumor of the testis, after 13-months a bulky retroperitoneal
      metastatic tumor was found. Following chemotherapy with CDDP, ACD, VBL, PLM and
      CTX two times after tumor resection, elevated serum AFP was normalized. He has
      been in continuous complete remission with no evidence of disease for 3 years and
      2 months. Combination chemotherapy with CDDP has a dramatic effect on the yolk
      sac tumor of infantile testis. We believe that "watchful waiting" after high
      orchiectomy alone is the best modality for all cases of stage 1 yolk sac tumor of
      the infantile testis.

PMID- 4025087
TI  - [A case of epidermoid cyst of the testis].
AB  - A 32-year-old business man was admitted with the chief complaint of a right
      testicular mass without pain. Laboratory findings including serum AFP, HCG, and
      beta-HCG were within normal limits. Right high orchiectomy was performed under
      the diagnosis of testicular tumor. The cyst was located at the middle of the
      testis and was 3.5 X 3.0 X 2.0 cm in size. The cut surface of the tumor revealed
      a fibrous capsule with a keratin mass in it. Histological diagnosis was a benign
      epidermoid cyst. This case seems to be the 56th case of epidermoid cyst of the
      testis reported in the Japanese literature.

PMID- 4025089
TI  - Health policy in 1985 and beyond.

PMID- 4025088
TI  - [Studies on antibiotics distribution in the post-operative cavity].
AB  - In 17 post-operative patients, serum and operation cavity exudate levels after 2
      g administration of various cephems (CZX, LMOX, CTX, and CPZ) by one hour drip
      infusion were evaluated. Drug concentration in exudate (actual levels) was
      corrected by using an equation for the purpose of excluding blood contamination.
      After 2 hours from the start of infusion, theoretical levels generally were
      similar to actual levels. CZX: Peak exudate level was 38.9 micrograms/ml at 4
      hours. Maximum exudate level/maximum serum level (E/S) was 0.31. LMOX: Peak in
      exudate was 41.4 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. E/S was 0.59. CTX: Exudate peak level
      was 30.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, and E/S was 0.53. CPZ: Peak level in exudate
      was 74.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. E/S was 0.36. Generally, peaks occurred at 4
      hours (3 hours later than serum peaks), and their range was between 30 and 80
      micrograms/ml. At 8 hours, drug levels in exudate were 10 approximately 60
      micrograms/ml, and they were higher than the corresponding serum level at that
      time.

PMID- 4025090
TI  - Dental implications of fluorides in medical practice.

PMID- 4025091
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging; early experience with high field strength
      superconducting magnet.

PMID- 4025092
TI  - Caring for Alabama's secondary school athletes.

PMID- 4025093
TI  - A framework for considering educational and non-educational influences on the
      attainments of deaf persons.

PMID- 4025094
TI  - Mothers learning simultaneous communication: the dimensions of the task.

PMID- 4025095
TI  - A revised form of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale for use with deaf and hard of
      hearing persons.

PMID- 4025096
TI  - A comparison of levels of tolerance for ambiguity in deaf and hearing school
      children.

PMID- 4025097
TI  - The effects of context on deaf students' comprehension of difficult sentences.

PMID- 4025098
TI  - A functional classification system for the deaf-blind.

PMID- 4025099
TI  - Conceptual sign language as a bridge between English and Spanish.

PMID- 4025100
TI  - Spatial-relationship deficits in deaf children: the effect on communication and
      classroom performance.

PMID- 4025101
TI  - Elder abuse.
AB  - Family physicians need to know the predisposing factors for elder abuse, which
      may be as common as child abuse and spouse abuse. Victims and abusers often seek
      assistance through medical services. Neglect is probably the most common form of
      elder abuse, followed by emotional or verbal abuse and abandonment. Physical
      abuse is relatively rare. Intervention strategies should include not only the
      victim but also the abuser.

PMID- 4025102
TI  - Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma.
AB  - Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma occurs most frequently in the elderly patient with
      underlying renal impairment. It often has an insidious onset, and may be
      precipitated by an identifiable illness, medication or procedure. Various
      neurologic manifestations may occur and obscure the diagnosis. Rapid recognition
      and appropriate treatment can greatly reduce the high mortality rate.

PMID- 4025103
TI  - Lower cervical spine trauma.

PMID- 4025105
TI  - Treatment protocols for PID.

PMID- 4025104
TI  - Managing patients on oral contraceptives.

PMID- 4025106
TI  - Recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
AB  - Aphthous ulcers are of unknown etiology; both genetic and immunologic origins
      have been proposed. Lesions are painful, tend to recur and may last up to six
      weeks. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis must be differentiated from herpesvirus
      infections and herpangina. No treatment has been uniformly successful, but
      levamisole shows promise.

PMID- 4025107
TI  - Coronary artery spasm induced in miniature swine: angiographic evidence and
      relation to coronary atherosclerosis.
AB  - In a swine model of coronary artery spasm, the pathogenetic role of coronary
      atherosclerosis was examined. Following endothelial balloon denudation of the
      left circumflex coronary artery (LCX), male miniature swine were fed a laboratory
      chow diet containing 2% cholesterol. Although there was no difference in the
      extent of coronary vasoconstrictive response to histamine, serotonin, and
      ergonovine between the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and the LCX
      before the denudation, a constrictive response was significantly augmented along
      the denuded portion of the LCX 1 and 3 months after the denudation. Augmented
      vasoconstrictive responses to phenylephrine were never evidenced. Histamine was
      the most potent vasoactive agent, and coronary artery spasm was provoked
      repeatedly by intracoronary or intravenous administration of histamine in the
      presence or absence of cimetidine. The spasm was provoked only in the denuded
      portion of the LCX, the same area which was angiographically normal before the
      occurrence of the spasm. Histologically, atherosclerotic changes were predominant
      along the denuded portion of the LCX. Topologic correlation was suggested between
      the site of the spasm and the site of coronary atherosclerosis. It is concluded
      that in this swine model of coronary artery spasm, atherosclerotic changes may be
      an important causative factor, in terms of an activation of multiple receptor
      operated calcium channels in the coronary artery.

PMID- 4025108
TI  - Left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with coronary artery disease and
      normal left ventricular function.
AB  - Abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling (DF) has been noted in coronary
      disease (CD) patients with normal left ventricular function (NLVF). Inclusion of
      patients with regional wall disease, hypertension, and left ventricular
      hypertrophy may be responsible for abnormal DF. We evaluated left ventricular DF
      curves derived from gated blood pool scans in 21 normals (group 1), in 38 CD
      patients with NLVF specifically defined (group 2), and in 28 CD patients with
      ejection fractions greater than 50% and regional disease (group 3). The peak
      filling rate (PFR), mean filling rate (MFR), the percentage of stroke volume
      filled at one third of diastole (%SV-1/3 DT) and at the end of the rapid filling
      period (%SV-RFP) were determined. Groups 1 and 2 had similar DF parameters. Group
      2 patients with 75% obstructive left anterior descending disease (LAD) had a
      reduced %SV-RFP and PFR (2.56 +/- 0.56 end-diastolic volumes/sec [EDV/S]) as
      compared to normals (3.11 +/- 0.65 EDV/S, p less than 0.01). Group 3 patients had
      a reduced PFR (2.14 +/- 0.53 EDV/S, p less than 0.001), MFR, %SV-1/3 DT, and %SV
      RFP. DF in CD patients with NLVF was similar to normals in a select group of
      patients but was abnormal in patients with regional disease and greater than 75%
      LAD disease with NLVF.

PMID- 4025109
TI  - Left ventricular filling is usually normal in uncomplicated coronary disease.
AB  - Abnormalities in left ventricular filling have been described as an early finding
      in coronary artery disease (CAD) and more recently, in hypertension (HTN). The
      present study was undertaken to compare the prevalence and pattern of diastolic
      dysfunction in these two entities. Three groups of patients were studied: 10
      normal volunteers (NLS), 39 HTN patients, and 30 CAD patients. The CAD patients
      were divided into two subgroups--one with normal ejection fraction (mean 0.60 +/-
      0.06) and the second with either a depressed ejection fraction (EF) or a history
      of HTN (mean EF 0.44 +/- 0.15). The diastolic indices examined were peak filling
      rate (PFR, in end-diastolic volume [EDV]/sec), time to peak filling rate (TPFR,
      in msec), and first-third filling fraction (FF 1/3, in sec-1). The PFR in CAD and
      HTN was significantly reduced (1.86 +/- 0.63 and 2.29 +/- 0.49 vs 2.70 +/- 0.35
      EDV/sec in NLS, p less than 0.025 and p less than 0.001, respectively), with the
      CAD group also being significantly lower than the HTN group (p less than 0.005).
      TPFR was prolonged in HTN, but not in CAD. FF 1/3 was reduced in both HTN and CAD
      (0.38 +/- 0.11 and 0.50 +/- 0.14 vs 0.61 +/- 0.06 sec-1 in NLS, p less than 0.001
      and p less than 0.025, respectively), but it was significantly lower in HTN than
      in CAD (p less than 0.001). However, when the subgroup of CAD patients with
      normal global systolic function was examined separately, diastolic indices were
      only slightly depressed. More importantly, only one, two, and five patients had
      PFR, TPFR, and FF 1/3, respectively, which were below the normal values of our
      laboratory.

PMID- 4025110
TI  - Drinking and coronary heart disease: the Albany Study.
AB  - The relation of alcohol consumption to coronary heart disease (CHD) was examined
      in a cohort of 1910 employed men aged 38 to 55 years enrolled in the Albany
      Study, a prospective investigation of factors related to cardiovascular disease.
      Two follow-up periods were examined, one between 1953-54 and 1971-72, the other
      after 1971-72. In the initial period, there was no clear evidence of a relation
      between the rate of alcohol consumption and CHD incidence. In the later period,
      men whose monthly consumption was 60 ounces or more had a lower than average CHD
      incidence rate. A negative relationship with drinking held for all manifestations
      of CHD. Other CHD risk factors were examined, special attention being given to
      cigarette smoking and HDL-cholesterol. The fact that drinking is a matter of
      choice may introduce some confounding factors. The absence of a relation between
      drinking and CHD risk in the earlier follow-up suggests the need for caution in
      interpreting the results.

PMID- 4025111
TI  - The effect of bretylium and clofilium on dispersion of refractoriness and
      vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation in the ischemic feline heart.
AB  - Bretylium has been shown to have a pronounced antifibrillatory effect. The
      purpose of this study was to examine the effects of bretylium on changes in
      vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation (VF) and refractoriness which occur
      during acute myocardial infarction. Right ventricular VF thresholds and effective
      refractory periods (ERP) at six left ventricular sites were measured before and
      serially after left anterior descending coronary occlusion in chloralose
      anesthetized cats. In eight untreated animals, there was a decrease in VF
      thresholds of 73% (p less than 0.01) immediately after occlusion and dispersion
      of refractoriness (DR) (maximum difference in ERP between normal and ischemic
      left ventricular sites) increased from 18 +/- 4 to 50 +/- 6 msec (p less than
      0.01). Five of eight animals manifested spontaneous VF within the first minutes
      of occlusion but none had nonsustained VF. Pretreatment with bretylium (10 to 20
      mg/kg intravenously) increased resting ERP from 181 +/- 9 to 201 +/- 9 msec (p
      less than 0.05) and VF threshold from 32 +/- 5 to 85 +/- 7 mA (p less than
      0.001). Bretylium also prevented spontaneous VF in all eight animals and
      abolished occlusion-related changes in VF and DR. Fourteen animals were similarly
      studied using clofilium, a bretylium congener which is devoid of sympatholytic
      effect (no effect on blood pressure response to bilateral carotid artery
      occlusion). Clofilium increased resting ERP and VF thresholds at both low (0.5
      mg/kg intravenously) and high doses (5 mg/kg intravenously). High-but not low
      dose clofilium blunted the fall in VF threshold after coronary occlusion. In
      addition, DR correlated with VF threshold changes at both doses.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025112
TI  - Amiodarone and sustained ventricular arrhythmias: statistical evidence of drug
      effectiveness.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that amiodarone prevents sustained ventricular
      arrhythmias in 77% to 93% of patients. To date, a study using statistical
      analysis to verify the drug's effectiveness has not been reported. Amiodarone was
      given to 17 patients with drug refractory sustained ventricular arrhythmias. All
      patients had serious underlying heart disease including coronary artery disease
      (15 patients) or cardiomyopathy (two patients). Ten patients had angiographic
      evidence of a left ventricular aneurysm. All patients had left ventricular
      dysfunction. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 33%. In the 5.5 +/-
      8.3 months prior to amiodarone, these 17 patients had documented sustained
      ventricular arrhythmias requiring countershock (41 episodes), overdrive pacing
      (four episodes), or intravenous drugs (three episodes). Amiodarone was given as a
      loading dose (1 gm/day for 10 days) and a maintenance dose (200 to 600 mg/day).
      During a follow-up period of 8.9 +/- 5.7 months, only eight episodes occurred
      requiring countershock (5) or overdrive pacing (2); one patient died suddenly. A
      statistical test constructed for this problem showed a significant (p greater
      than 0.001) reduced risk of experiencing a sustained ventricular arrhythmia after
      amiodarone. This statistical model confirms previous studies showing that
      amiodarone prevents sustained ventricular arrhythmias and prevents sudden cardiac
      death.

PMID- 4025113
TI  - Cardiac function in patients on chronic amiodarone therapy.
AB  - Antiarrhythmic agents may depress cardiac contractility and worsen heart failure.
      Few data are available describing the chronic effects of amiodarone on myocardial
      function. To assess the effects of amiodarone on cardiac function, we studied 41
      consecutive patients with first-pass or equilibrium radionuclide angiography
      prior to and 3 months after drug therapy was initiated. The mean heart rate,
      systolic blood pressure (BP), and diastolic BP were not significantly altered by
      treatment. The mean ejection fraction was 36% +/- 19 (mean +/- 1 SD) at the time
      of drug initiation and 36% +/- 17 3 months later (p less than 0.05). Nineteen
      patients had an ejection fraction greater than 30% and 16 had an ejection
      fraction less than 30%. The mean change in ejection fraction for these two
      subgroups showed no statistically significant difference, although a decrease in
      EF greater than 10% was seen in three patients (symptomatic in two),
      necessitating an increase in diuretic dose. No correlation between amiodarone
      dose and change in ejection fraction (r = -0.12, p greater than 0.05) was noted.
      There was no correlation between baseline ejection fraction and change in
      ejection fraction over this 3-month period (r = -0.36, p greater than 0.05). In
      summary, amiodarone does not depress left ventricular function and as a result
      can be used safely in patients with mild to moderate impairment of left
      ventricular function. In patients with stable left ventricular function, serial
      tests of left ventricular function may not be necessary.

PMID- 4025114
TI  - Mitral-septal angle: a new two-dimensional echocardiographic index of left
      ventricular performance.
AB  - The diagnostic value of a new two-dimensional echocardiographic measurement, the
      mitral septal angle, was evaluated as an index of left ventricular (LV) function
      in 122 patients. Their mean age was 56.5 years and the majority (80%) suffered
      from coronary artery disease, 46 with an acute myocardial infarction. Mitral
      septal angle was easily and reproducibly measured. An ejection fraction (EF) of
      greater than or equal to 50% and an angle less than or equal to 30 degrees were
      used as normal cut-off values. A strong negative correlation was found between
      the angle and radionuclide EF (-0.821) and angiographic EF (-0.82) in patients
      without acute myocardial infarction. For patients with acute myocardial
      infarction, the correlation was -0.722. For the entire group, the correlation
      coefficient was -0.742. In patients without acute infarction, the sensitivity,
      specificity, and predictive accuracy of the mitral septal angle were 92%, 86%,
      and 89%, respectively. In acute infarction, sensitivity dropped to 70% without
      change in specificity (89%). We conclude that mitral septal angle is a simple
      index of LV function which relates well to EF, particularly in patients with
      chronic heart disease.

PMID- 4025115
TI  - Potentiation by calcium channel blockade of hypoxic myocardial depression in the
      neonate.
AB  - The objectives of this study were to examine the independent and combined effects
      of beta blockade (practolol) and calcium channel blockade (verapamil) on cardiac
      responses to hypoxia in the neonate. Lambs were anaesthetized with pentobarbital
      (20 mg/kg) and were prepared for measurements of left ventricular (LV)
      performance under controlled hemodynamic conditions. Force generation was
      assessed from curves relating LV systolic pressure (SP) to end-diastolic pressure
      (LVEDP) over a broad range of afterloading. Velocity was determined from
      simultaneous measurements of LV dP/dtmax. Values obtained at LVEDP 10 cm H2O were
      used to compare interventions. Practolol (P) caused no significant reduction in
      SP10, but dP/dt10 fell from 51 to 37 (X 10(2] mm Hg/sec (p less than 0.05).
      Verapamil (V), 2 micrograms/min/kg, reduced measures of contractility (p less
      than 0.01). Doubling the dose of V further reduced SP10 to 79% of control.
      Hypoxemia (PaO2, 32 torr) increased SP10 from 172 to 192 mm Hg, and dP/dt10 from
      51 to 85 (X 10(2] mm Hg/s (p less than 0.001). After P, the same degree of
      hypoxia elicited no changes in LV function. During infusion of V (4
      micrograms/min/kg), hypoxia reduced SP10 from 138 to 122 mm Hg (p less than 0.01)
      and dP/dt10 from 29 to 24 (X 10(2] mm Hg/sec (p less than 0.05). It is concluded
      that in the absence of adrenergic support, hypoxia significantly depresses both
      force and velocity parameters of contractility in hearts with calcium channel
      blockade.

PMID- 4025116
TI  - Left ventricular performance in septic shock: reversible segmental and global
      abnormalities.
AB  - Left ventricular dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of septic
      shock, but little is known about its natural history, cause, and prognostic
      significance. Left ventricular performance was assessed by serial radionuclide
      and hemodynamic studies in 35 patients with culture-proven septic shock. The mean
      age (+/- S.D.) of the group was 64 +/- 18 years; 16 of the subjects were women,
      and 15 had antecedent heart disease. On the first study, the left ventricular
      stroke work index was depressed in 33 (94%) patients, and nineteen (54%) had a
      left ventricular ejection fraction less than 0.48. Twenty-two (63%) of the
      patients had segmental and four had generalized wall motion abnormalities.
      Conventional hemodynamic parameters were of no value in predicting the patients
      who had a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction or segmental
      abnormalities. Patients with underlying heart disease had a much higher frequency
      (87%) of segmental dysfunction than those without underlying heart disease (45%;
      p = 0.016), but no differences were noted in the left ventricular ejection
      fraction or left ventricular stroke work index of these two groups. Segmental
      abnormalities and low ejection fractions were seen more often in patients with a
      large left ventricular end-diastolic volume index. Only five subjects had a
      systemic vascular resistance index greater than 2580 dynes X sec X cm-5 per m2,
      and the correlation between systemic vascular resistance index and left
      ventricular ejection fraction was poor. No difference was found in the mean
      coronary perfusion pressure of those with segmental abnormalities and those with
      normal wall motion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025117
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of verapamil in left ventricular valvular volume overload.
AB  - The hemodynamic consequences of aortic and mitral insufficiency may be influenced
      by the high systemic vascular resistance often seen in these patients. Since the
      calcium antagonists have been shown to reduce systemic vascular resistance, we
      evaluated the effects of intravenous verapamil in 23 patients. In 11 patients
      with aortic insufficiency, verapamil resulted in a 20% increase in cardiac index
      (p less than 0.001), 18% increase in forward stroke volume index (p less than
      0.001), and a 24% decrease in regurgitant fraction (p less than 0.005). In the 12
      patients with mitral insufficiency, verapamil resulted in a 19% increase in both
      cardiac index (p = 0.004), and forward stroke volume index (p less than 0.001),
      while there was a 19% decrease in regurgitant fraction (p less than 0.02). Left
      ventricular end-systolic stress decreased significantly in both groups as did end
      diastolic stress in the mitral insufficiency group. There was no significant
      change in several measures of contractile performance, though the end-systolic
      stress-to-volume index ratio fell significantly (p less than 0.04) in the mitral
      insufficiency group. Our findings suggest that the vasodilatory effects of
      intravenous verapamil predominate over the negative inotropic effects in patients
      with aortic and mitral insufficiency. Verapamil may be of use in patients
      intolerant to other vasodilators, patients with concomitant ischemic heart
      disease, or those with supraventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 4025118
TI  - Analysis of the efficacy of the new cardiotonic agent TA-064.
AB  - TA-064 is a new cardiotonic agent which is also effective orally, according to
      investigations conducted in Japan. We analyzed computer-assisted alterations of
      pressure-volume relationships serially and of indirect myocardial oxygen
      consumption (MVO2) estimations on line during TA-064 influence in 16 patients
      with congestive cardiomyopathy: left ventricular function was moderately
      decreased in seven patients (group A) and drastically decreased in nine (group
      B). Results showed that TA-064, 8 micrograms/kg/min intravenously, exerted
      positive inotropic effects in both groups and induced mean maximal delta
      percentage changes at about 5 minutes of infusion as follows: left ventricular
      stroke work index +65% and +47%; dP/dtmax +61% and 59%; left ventricular
      efficiency +62% and 53%; MVO2 +31% and +11% (p less than 0.05). TA-064, 20 mg by
      mouth induced serum levels (group A = 23.8 +/- 12ng/ml and group B = 26.4 +/- 20
      ng/ml) corresponding to the effects with dosages of 1 to 2 ng/kg/min
      intravenously (p greater than 0.05), thus implying that significant changes in
      left ventricular function require higher oral dosages. We conclude that TA-064
      improves left ventricular function, primarily via a contractility increase, also
      in group B patients without toxic side effects. On-line indirect MVO2 assessment
      and analysis of serial pressure-volume relationships helped to provide a more
      complex definition of the mechanism and efficiency of the cardiotonic agent under
      study.

PMID- 4025119
TI  - Electrocardiographic evidence suggestive of myocardial infarction without
      significant organic heart disease.
AB  - One hundred nineteen catheterized patients had ECG evidence of myocardial
      infarction in the absence of significant narrowing of coronary arteries or
      localized contractile abnormalities of the left ventricle. Eighty-seven had
      organic heart disease, but 32 had no demonstrable abnormality. ECG alterations in
      the latter group were almost equally divided between those in lead aVF and in the
      right precordial leads. Although certain depolarization defects are highly
      suggestive of myocardial infarction, similar changes may rarely be seen in normal
      people.

PMID- 4025120
TI  - Development and evolution of electrocardiographic Minnesota Q-QS codes in
      patients with acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The development of ECG Minnesota Q-QS codes and their subsequent evolution were
      studied in the first 692 subjects to enter the POSCH program who had had one MI.
      The mean interval from MI to entry into the study was 2.2 years. Sixty-three
      percent of the subjects developed the most significant code with the infarction.
      By the time the subjects entered the study, the codes had commonly regressed to a
      lower level, disappearing altogether in 34%. The likelihood of complete
      regression varied inversely with the significance of the code. There was no
      significant difference between the groups with disappearance and with retention
      of a Q-QS code as to time since MI, the extent of coronary arterial disease, or
      the age or sex of the subject. In about half of the subjects the original code
      did not change with time and in 21% to 44% the code increased to one of a higher
      level of significance.

PMID- 4025121
TI  - A logistic regression analysis of multiple noninvasive tests for the prediction
      of the presence and extent of coronary artery disease in men.
AB  - The incremental diagnostic yield of clinical data, exercise ECG, stress thallium
      scintigraphy, and cardiac fluoroscopy to predict coronary and multivessel disease
      was assessed in 171 symptomatic men by means of multiple logistic regression
      analyses. When clinical variables alone were analyzed, chest pain type and age
      were predictive of coronary disease, whereas chest pain type, age, a family
      history of premature coronary disease before age 55 years, and abnormal ST-T wave
      changes on the rest ECG were predictive of multivessel disease. The percentage of
      patients correctly classified by cardiac fluoroscopy (presence or absence of
      coronary artery calcification), exercise ECG, and thallium scintigraphy was 9%,
      25%, and 50%, respectively, greater than for clinical variables, when the
      presence or absence of coronary disease was the outcome, and 13%, 25%, and 29%,
      respectively, when multivessel disease was studied; 5% of patients were
      misclassified. When the 37 clinical and noninvasive test variables were analyzed
      jointly, the most significant variable predictive of coronary disease was an
      abnormal thallium scan and for multivessel disease, the amount of exercise
      performed. The data from this study provide a quantitative model and confirm
      previous reports that optimal diagnostic efficacy is obtained when noninvasive
      tests are ordered sequentially. In symptomatic men, cardiac fluoroscopy is a
      relatively ineffective test when compared to exercise ECG and thallium
      scintigraphy.

PMID- 4025122
TI  - The value of electrophysiologic studies in syncope of undetermined origin: report
      of 150 cases.
AB  - A prospective study examined the diagnostic yield and therapeutic efficacy of
      electrophysiologic studies in patients with SUO. We defined SUO as those syncopal
      or near-syncopal events remaining unexplained after a standardized, noninvasive
      evaluation that included a history, physical examination, routine laboratory
      screening, EEG, nuclear brain scan or CAT scan, 12-lead ECG, chest x-ray,
      orthostatic vital signs, bedside carotid sinus massage, and at least 24 hours of
      continuous ECG monitoring. The 150 SUO patients included 95 men and 55 women
      (mean age 62.0 years); 35 had recurrent SUO, 75 (50%) had organic heart disease,
      and 129 (86%) had abnormal ECGs. There were 162 abnormal electrophysiologic
      findings that could explain the SUO uncovered in 112 patients, a diagnostic yield
      of 75%: one finding in 71 patients, two findings in 32, and three findings in
      nine. These findings were: His-Purkinje disease in 49 patients (30%), inducible
      ventricular arrhythmias in 36 (22%), AV nodal disease in 20 (12%), sinus node
      disease in 19 (12%), inducible supraventricular arrhythmias in 18 (11%), carotid
      sinus hypersensitivity (not elicited by carotid sinus massage prior to
      electrophysiologic studies) in 15 (9%), and hypervagotonia in five (3%). When
      electrophysiologic study findings were classified as clearly abnormal or
      borderline, 54 patients had at least one clearly abnormal finding, a diagnostic
      yield of 36%. Subgroups of patients presenting with only a single SUO event, no
      evidence of organic heart disease, or normal baseline ECGs all had substantial
      diagnostic yields during electrophysiologic studies. Follow-up data in 137
      patients (91%) (mean 31 months) showed recurrences in 16 of 34 patients (47%)
      without and 15 of 103 patients (15%) with electrophysiologic findings despite
      therapy directed by electrophysiologic testing (p less than 0.0005). This study
      and a review of the literature indicate that electrophysiologic testing is useful
      in elucidating the causes of SUO and directing therapy. A significant number of
      patients benefit from electrophysiologic studies, even when only clearly abnormal
      findings are considered diagnostic, when only a single syncopal event has
      occurred, or whether or not organic heart disease or an abnormal ECG is present.

PMID- 4025123
TI  - Aberrant systemic artery-pulmonary vein fistula: detection of an occult lesion by
      contrast echocardiography.

PMID- 4025124
TI  - Atrial flutter causing mid-diastolic closure of Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthesis.

PMID- 4025125
TI  - Pulsed Doppler assessment of pulmonary vein obstruction.

PMID- 4025126
TI  - Pericardial mesothelioma: hyaluronic acid in pericardial fluid.

PMID- 4025127
TI  - Adverse clinical and hemodynamic effects of oral levodopa in chronic congestive
      heart failure.

PMID- 4025128
TI  - Hypokalemia as a cause of cardiac arrest: results of electrophysiologic testing
      and long-term follow-up.

PMID- 4025129
TI  - Detection of round floating left atrial thrombus simulating left atrial myxoma by
      two-dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 4025130
TI  - Salutary hemodynamic and sustained clinical beneficial effects of nisoldipine, a
      new calcium channel blocker, in patients with recurrent ischemia and severe heart
      failure.

PMID- 4025131
TI  - Symptomatic sinus bradycardia during concomitant propranolol-verapamil
      administration.

PMID- 4025132
TI  - Origin of the left anterior descending coronary artery from the right aortic
      sinus with intramyocardial tunneling to the left side of the heart via the
      ventricular septum: a case against clinical and morphologic significance of
      myocardial bridging.

PMID- 4025133
TI  - The employee pharmacist: countering the frustration.

PMID- 4025135
TI  - Addiction: three stories.

PMID- 4025134
TI  - The impaired pharmacist.

PMID- 4025136
TI  - Aiding impaired pharmacists: what's being done today?

PMID- 4025137
TI  - Impairment risk in North Carolina pharmacists.

PMID- 4025138
TI  - The impaired pharmacist. Setting up a program: how one group went about it.

PMID- 4025139
TI  - One road to recovery: the Georgia program.

PMID- 4025140
TI  - Treating alcoholism: a holistic model.

PMID- 4025141
TI  - The Virginia program to help impaired pharmacy students.

PMID- 4025142
TI  - What's wrong with APhA?

PMID- 4025143
TI  - Impairment risk in North Carolina pharmacy students.

PMID- 4025144
TI  - The law and the impaired pharmacist.

PMID- 4025145
TI  - Formaldehyde (CH2O) concentrations in the blood of humans and Fischer-344 rats
      exposed to CH2O under controlled conditions.
AB  - The effect of exposure to formaldehyde (CH2O) on the CH2O concentration of the
      blood was determined. Eight male F-344 rats were exposed to 14.4 +/- 2.4 ppm of
      CH2O for 2 hours and the blood was collected immediately after exposure.
      Formaldehyde concentrations in the blood were determined by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. The blood of eight rats unexposed to CH2O was
      collected and analyzed in the same manner. Measured CH2O concentrations
      (micrograms/g of blood) were: controls, 2.24 +/- 0.07; exposed, 2.25 +/- 0.07
      (mean +/- S.E.). Formaldehyde concentrations in human blood were determined by
      analyzing samples of venous blood collected before and after exposure of six
      human volunteers (4 M, 2 F) to 1.9 +/- 0.1 ppm of CH2O for 40 min. Average CH2O
      concentrations (micrograms/g of blood) were: before exposure, 2.61 +/- 0.14;
      after exposure, 2.77 +/- 0.28. In neither experiment was there a statistically
      significant effect of exposure on the average CH2O concentration of the blood.
      However, human subjects differed significantly with respect to their blood CH2O
      concentrations, and significant differences (either an increase or a decrease)
      were found between the CH2O concentrations of the blood taken before and after
      exposure from some of the subjects, suggesting that blood CH2O concentrations may
      vary with time.

PMID- 4025146
TI  - The measurement of whole body vibration in the workplace.
AB  - A measurement system was developed to assess the amount of whole body vibration
      to which workers are exposed during routine operation of machinery in an
      industrial setting. This system is discussed in terms of plant structural design,
      production levels, direction and intensity of vibrational forces, measuring
      equipment, proper measurement technique and field application. Comparison of
      field data with ANSI and ISO fatigue-decreased proficiency boundaries indicated
      that small press operators were not at an increased risk for impaired work
      efficiency. Limitations of the field survey are presented and application of this
      system to other occupational environments is discussed.

PMID- 4025147
TI  - The effect of moisture on the adsorption of chloroform by activated carbon.
AB  - The effect of moisture on the ability of a granular activated carbon to adsorb
      chloroform vapor from a flowing airstream was studied under three test
      conditions: (1) chloroform and water vapor were introduced concurrently into a
      dry carbon bed; (2) dry chloroform was introduced into a humidified carbon bed;
      (3) humidified chloroform was introduced into a carbon bed at the same relative
      humidity. The criterion for bed performance was the time when the downstream
      chloroform concentration was 1% of that in the inlet stream. Chloroform
      concentration was essentially constant at 108 +/- 2 micrograms/cm3; relative
      humidities (RH) varied from 0 to 97%. No RH effect on the adsorption of
      chloroform by the carbon was observed in test (1); tests (2) and (3) showed
      monotonic decreases in chloroform adsorption for RH greater than 40%. These
      results indicated that, for a dry carbon bed, the 1% breakthrough time for
      chloroform adsorbed from atmospheres of RH from 13% to 95% was essentially the
      same as that when RH = 0%. For humidified carbon beds, no change in 1%
      breakthrough time for chloroform was observed until RH was greater than 40%.

PMID- 4025148
TI  - Variation of composition with particle size in coal liquid aerosols generated for
      inhalation toxicology studies.
AB  - The chemical composition and microbial mutagenicity of aerosols generated by
      nebulizing two coal oils (solvent refined coal [SRC]-I process solvent [PS] and
      SRC-II heavy distillate) were found to vary with particle size. Significant
      quantities of the most volatile components of PS were also present as vapors.
      Evaporation and condensation processes in oil deposited on surfaces as well as in
      the aerosol are believed to be important in determining the observed composition
      changes. Complete physical and chemical characterization of the aerosol should be
      included in inhalation studies of complex materials since the animals may be
      exposed to material of quite different composition than that placed in the
      generator initially.

PMID- 4025149
TI  - Chlorophenol exposure in sawmills.
AB  - Personnel exposures to chlorophenols were measured in ten Finnish sawmills where
      a chlorophenolate salt formulation was used for the blue stain control of sawed
      wood. The concentrations of chlorophenols in the air were usually well below the
      occupational limit value of 0.5 mg/m3. However, high concentrations (above 10
      mg/m3) were measured inside heated kilns. Additionally, high concentrations were
      detected in the urine of workers whose skin came into contact with chlorophenol
      solution, indicating that chlorophenols are rapidly absorbed through the skin.
      The concentrations of chlorophenols in the air were low in trimming-grading
      plants where treated boards are handled, but some of the chlorophenols was bound
      to wood dust which is deposited mainly in the nose. The risks associated with the
      impurities contained in chlorophenol preparations (chlorinated dibenzodioxins and
      dibenzofurans) and the need for epidemiologic studies on possible cancer risks in
      sawmill work are discussed.

PMID- 4025150
TI  - Health examination and air monitoring evaluation for workers exposed to 2
      nitropropane.
AB  - Comprehensive employee health examinations along with work-place area and
      personal monitoring were conducted to evaluate potential exposure to 2
      nitropropane. The employee cross section included in the study consisted of
      nearly all workers at the plant. The entire workforce was represented, including
      those who did not have contact with 2-nitropropane. No adverse health effects
      were found which could be connected with work experience. Body systems evaluated
      included: lungs, liver, kidney, blood, skin and cardiovascular. Work area levels
      at specific locations sometimes exceeded 25 ppm, but personal time-weighted
      average levels generally were below 25 ppm.

PMID- 4025151
TI  - An evaluation of the response of some portable, direct-reading 10.2 eV and 11.8
      eV photoionization detectors, and a flame ionization gas chromatograph for
      organic vapors in high humidity atmospheres.
AB  - Three portable, direct-reading instruments were tested to evaluate their ability
      to detect organic vapors in high humidity atmospheres. The instruments included
      two photoionization detectors (10.2 eV and 11.8 eV), and an organic vapor
      analyzer with a flame ionization detector. The organic vapors used were hexanes,
      1,1-dichloroethane, chloroform, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, benzene,
      toluene and chlorobenzene. Relatively impervious gas bags were used to contain
      atmospheres of low (zero) and high (90 percent) relative humidities for
      comparisons. The response of the organic vapor analyzer was practically
      independent of humidity. The responses of the photoionization detectors were
      influenced by high humidity even though the 10.2 eV lamp did not detect water
      vapor itself. The photoionization detectors were adjudged to be unsuitable for
      quantitative sampling of humid confined spaces since the 11.8 eV lamp was
      sensitive to water vapor and the 10.2 eV lamp showed unpredictable response
      factors in high humidity.

PMID- 4025152
TI  - A symposium: Amrinone. Introduction.

PMID- 4025153
TI  - A symposium: Amrinone. November 11, 1984, Miami, Florida.

PMID- 4025154
TI  - Comparative vasoactive therapy for heart failure.
AB  - Dopamine and dobutamine increase myocardial contractility by beta-adrenergic
      stimulation. Both agents provide significant support for decompensating
      congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. At the same time, both agents can have
      significant adverse effects. In 1981, it was reported that amrinone, a bipyridine
      derivative, produced hemodynamic changes similar to those of dobutamine. To
      confirm these results, the hemodynamic and clinical effects of amrinone were
      compared with those of dopamine and dobutamine in 15 consecutive patients with
      CHF. Although each drug improved maximal cardiac index to a similar extent,
      dopamine did not decrease pulmonary artery wedge pressure and caused a greater
      increase in heart rate. Dobutamine and amrinone conferred similar hemodynamic
      benefits: cardiac index improved from 2.4 +/- 0.2 to 3.4 +/- 0.2 liters/min/m2
      with dobutamine and from 2.1 +/- 0.2 to 3.2 +/- 0.2 liters/min/m2 with amrinone.
      Pulmonary artery wedge pressure decreased similarly: from 19 +/- 2 to 13 +/- 1 mm
      Hg with dobutamine and from 18 +/- 2 to 12 +/- 1 mm Hg with amrinone. Dobutamine
      and amrinone produced similar modest decreases in mean arterial pressure and
      increments in heart rate. Dopamine was poorly tolerated; 5 patients developed
      such severe adverse reactions that this drug was discontinued prematurely.
      Dobutamine and amrinone were much better tolerated. Although amrinone caused
      asymptomatic tachycardia (heart rate increase greater than 20% over baseline) in
      4 patients, no patient developed an adverse reaction warranting its premature
      termination.

PMID- 4025155
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of amrinone.
AB  - Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) have a high prevalence of complex
      ventricular arrhythmias. Accordingly, the electrophysiologic effects of new drugs
      for the treatment of CHF should be studied to determine whether they are safe in
      this population of patients. Fifteen patients with New York Heart Association
      functional classes II to IV CHF underwent hemodynamic and electrophysiologic
      testing during control conditions, and after 10 to 20 micrograms/kg/min of
      intravenous amrinone (dosages that increased cardiac output and decreased left
      ventricular filling pressures). All cardioactive drugs were stopped for at least
      5 half-lives before entry into the study. Amrinone decreased the atrial effective
      refractory period from 256 to 240 ms (p = 0.015) and the AV nodal functional
      refractory period from 374 to 356 ms (p less than 0.05), and enhanced maximal 1:1
      AV nodal conduction from 371 to 334 ms (p = 0.006). Prolonged HV intervals were
      present in 9 of 15 patients and were not affected by amrinone. Holter monitoring
      was performed in 10 patients during acute oral administration of amrinone. There
      were no significant changes in the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles or
      ventricular tachycardia, although the frequency of ventricular couples tended to
      increase slightly. Amrinone therefore enhances AV conduction and does not appear
      to have significant arrhythmogenic potential during acute administration.

PMID- 4025156
TI  - Intravenous amrinone in left ventricular failure complicated by acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Hemodynamic dose-response effects of intravenous amrinone were studied in 22 male
      patients aged 38 to 62 years with left ventricular failure occurring within 18
      hours of acute myocardial infarction. After hemodynamic confirmation of a raised
      left-sided cardiac filling pressure--pulmonary artery occluded pressure greater
      than 20 mm Hg--patients were randomized to either low-dose infusion of amrinone
      (200 micrograms/kg/hr for 30 minutes, 400 micrograms/kg/hr for 30 minutes and
      then 800 micrograms/kg/hr for 30 minutes) or high-dose infusion of the drug (800,
      1,600 and 3,200 micrograms/kg/hr sequentially, each for 30 minutes). Hemodynamic
      measurements were obtained at 1 hour before amrinone and at the end of each
      infusion step. Low-dose infusion of amrinone resulted in a progressive increase
      in cardiac output (p less than 0.05) and stroke volume (p less than 0.05) and
      progressive reductions in pulmonary artery occluded pressure (p less than 0.01)
      and systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.05). Systemic blood pressure and
      heart rate were unchanged. High-dose infusion resulted in a similar increase in
      cardiac output (p less than 0.05) but no change in stroke volume owing to
      associated tachycardia (p less than 0.01). There was a significantly greater
      decrease in pulmonary artery occluded pressure compared with the low-dose
      infusion (p less than 0.05), and systemic arterial diastolic and mean pressures
      were also decreased (p less than 0.05). The decrease in systemic vascular
      resistance was of a similar order to that induced by the low-dose
      infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025157
TI  - Pathophysiology of cardiac failure.
AB  - The pathophysiologic cycle of heart failure is initiated by myocardial failure
      that accompanies a reduction in myocardial contractility secondary to ischemic or
      myopathic heart disease. Reduction in cardiac output and oxygen delivery to the
      tissues is followed by vasoconstriction that raises systemic vascular resistance
      to preserve systemic arterial pressure while maintaining regional O2
      availability. As a consequence, however, impedance to left ventricular ejection
      is increased, creating an additional hemodynamic burden for the failing heart. A
      vicious cycle ensues. Hemodynamic features of acute cardiac failure include
      decreases in cardiac output and mixed venous O2 saturation, together with
      increases in left ventricular filling pressure and systemic resistance. If
      hypotension is present with failure, there is a markedly decreased cardiac output
      or an inappropriate increase in systemic resistance. If acidosis is also present
      with hypotension and failure, cardiac output is severely decreased and lactic
      acid is increased. A major objective of medical therapy in acute heart failure is
      to enhance ventricular emptying, thereby increasing cardiac output and O2
      delivery while decreasing left ventricular filling pressure, pulmonary venous
      pressure and vascular resistance. Potent intravenous drugs that have a positive
      inotropic effect on the myocardium, including amrinone and dobutamine, have been
      shown to increase ventricular emptying in patients with acute heart failure.
      Intravenous amrinone improves pump performance without adversely raising
      myocardial O2 consumption, thereby enhancing myocardial efficiency. These drugs
      also promote a degree of vasodilation through both direct and secondary effects
      on the systemic circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025158
TI  - Amrinone in the management of low cardiac output after open heart surgery.
AB  - Hemodynamic effects of amrinone were studied in 2 groups of patients after open
      heart surgery. Group I consisted of 10 patients with moderate heart failure. In
      the absence of inotropic agents, their mean cardiac index (CI) was 2.02 +/- 0.41
      liters/min/m2 and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) 19 +/- 3 mm Hg.
      Amrinone was administered 24 hours postoperatively by bolus injection (2 mg/kg)
      and by 12-hour infusions (20 micrograms/kg/min). Hemodynamic data and plasma
      concentrations were obtained 10 and 20 minutes after the bolus injection and at
      1, 4, 8 and 12 hours during infusion. Significant beneficial changes were noted
      in CI, PCWP, right atrial pressure, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary
      vascular resistance. Group II consisted of 5 patients in severe cardiogenic shock
      (mean CI 1.97 +/- 0.3 liters/min/m2, mean PCWP 28 +/- 8 mm Hg) despite adrenergic
      agonists in all patients and intraaortic counterpulsation in 2. After these
      measures, amrinone was given intravenously for 36 to 72 hours as additional
      inotropic support. Significant improvement was observed in CI, PCWP, right atrial
      pressure, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance. Four
      patients in this group were discharged; 1 patient died after 5 days in acute
      renal failure and coma grade IV. No serious adverse effects of amrinone were
      observed in any group II patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025159
TI  - Value of programmed stimulation and exercise testing in predicting one-year
      mortality after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The ability of programmed ventricular stimulation and exercise testing to predict
      1-year mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was investigated in 228
      clinically well survivors of AMI. Patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia
      (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) had a higher mortality rate than those
      without inducible arrhythmias (26% vs 6%, p less than 0.001). Exercise-induced ST
      segment change of 2 mm or more was associated with a higher mortality rate than
      ST change of less than 2 mm (11% vs 4%, 0.05 less p less than 0.10). Of patients
      who had both tests, 62% had no inducible ventricular tachycardia or ventricular
      fibrillation and ST change of less than 2 mm, and only 1% died during the first
      year. Thus, in clinically well survivors of AMI, programmed stimulation is a
      powerful predictor of first-year mortality; programmed stimulation and exercise
      testing together predict virtually all deaths within the first year, and they can
      identify a large group of patients with a very low mortality rate.

PMID- 4025160
TI  - Efficacy of calcium channel blocker therapy for angina pectoris resulting from
      small-vessel coronary artery disease and abnormal vasodilator reserve.
AB  - Abnormal vasodilator reserve of the coronary microcirculation is a frequent
      mechanism of angina pectoris in patients with angiographically normal coronary
      arteries. To assess the effect of calcium channel blocking agents on symptoms and
      exercise capacity, 26 patients shown to have angina pectoris because of
      abnormally small coronary arteries and limited vasodilator reserve underwent
      randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled outpatient study, with 1 month for
      each period. An unblinded lead-in phase determined the best dose of verapamil (17
      patients) or nifedipine (9 patients). Exercise testing using bicycle ergometry
      was performed at the end of each period. Four patients interrupted the placebo
      period and 1 patient interrupted both placebo and drug period because of frequent
      and severe chest pain. While receiving calcium channel blocker drugs, patients
      who completed both phases of the study recorded fewer episodes of angina (21 +/-
      21 vs 35 +/- 27, p less than 0.001) and consumed fewer nitroglycerin tablets (23
      +/- 27 vs 41 +/- 50, p less than 0.001) than during the placebo period. Exercise
      duration was slightly but significantly prolonged (278 +/- 129 vs 231 +/- 136
      seconds, p less than 0.025) during drug treatment compared with placebo, and
      significantly fewer patients terminated exercise with chest pain while receiving
      drug treatment. Subjectively, 22 of 26 patients felt better on the calcium
      channel blocker than on placebo. Thus, calcium channel blocker therapy appears to
      be beneficial in controlling angina and improving exercise tolerance in patients
      with angina pectoris resulting from abnormally small coronary arteries and
      limited vasodilator reserve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025161
TI  - Early positive technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate images as a marker of
      reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Fourteen patients with transmural acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were treated
      with intravenous streptokinase a mean of 4 +/- 1 hours after chest pain and
      underwent technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (Tc-99m-PPi) imaging 7 +/- 2
      hours after the onset of chest pain. The early Tc-99m-PPi images were obtained to
      test the hypothesis that an early, strongly abnormal Tc-99m-PPi image suggests
      reperfusion. Eleven of 14 patients had early peaking (within 16 hours) serum
      creatine kinase isoenzyme levels (CK-B) at a mean of 11 +/- 3 hours. Ten of 14
      patients had 3+ or 4+ acute Tc-99m-PPi images. Eight of 11 patients had patent
      infarct-related vessels at cardiac catheterization 15 days after AMI. One patient
      who had both an early positive Tc-99m-PPi image and CK-B peak level had an
      occluded infarct-related artery at catheterization. Acute left ventricular (LV)
      ejection fraction (EF) by radionuclide ventriculography was compared with LVEF on
      day 15, and improved from 0.37 +/- 0.13 to 0.50 +/- 0.16 (p = 0.004) in the 10
      patients with strongly positive acute Tc-99m-PPi images. LVEF also improved from
      0.37 +/- 0.12 to 0.49 +/- 0.15 (p = 0.003) in the 11 patients with early peaking
      serum CK-B values. Three patients without evidence of reperfusion failed to
      improve the LVEF from the initial value to the one obtained at hospital
      discharge. Six control patients had acute Tc-99m-PPi images 10 +/- 2 hours after
      chest pain; none had strongly positive acute Tc-99m-PPi images, and the mean time
      to peak CK-B was 19 +/- 5 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025162
TI  - Comparison of exercise electrocardiography and quantitative thallium imaging for
      one-vessel coronary artery disease.
AB  - The relative value of exercise electrocardiography and computer analyzed thallium
      201 imaging was compared in 124 patients with 1-vessel coronary artery disease
      (CAD). Of these, 78 had left anterior descending (LAD), 32 right and 14 left
      circumflex (LC) CAD. In patients with no previous myocardial infarction (MI),
      thallium imaging was more sensitive than the electrocardiogram (78% vs 64%, p
      less than 0.01), but in patients with previous MI, sensitivity was similar.
      Further, thallium imaging was more sensitive only in LAD and LC disease.
      Redistribution was compared with ST-segment depression as a marker of ischemia.
      Only in patients with prior MI (76% vs 44%, p less than 0.01) and only in LC and
      right CAD did redistribution occur more often than ST depression. Thallium
      imaging was more accurate in localizing stenoses than the electrocardiogram (p
      less than 0.001), but did not always correctly predict coronary anatomy. Septal
      thallium defects were associated with LAD disease in 84%, inferior defects with
      right CAD in 40% and posterolateral lesion defects with LC CAD in 22%. The
      results indicate the overall superiority of thallium imaging in 1-vessel CAD
      compared with exercise electrocardiography; however, there is a wide spectrum of
      extent and location of perfusion defects associated with each coronary artery.
      Thallium imaging complements coronary angiography by demonstrating the functional
      impact of CAD on myocardial perfusion.

PMID- 4025163
TI  - Time course of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and its relation to myocardial enzymes
      after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The acute phase reactant, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, binds to a number of basic
      antiarrhythmic drugs, including lidocaine, quinidine, propranolol, imipramine and
      disopyramide. Binding to alpha-1-acid glycoprotein accounts for a decrease in
      free drug fraction and may alter the expected concentration: response relation of
      drugs particularly when there are unpredictably large or rapid changes in alpha-1
      acid glycoprotein. To determine the time course and magnitude of alpha-1-acid
      glycoprotein for 1 month after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), blood samples
      were collected from 27 patients, 14 with AMI and 13 with a chest pain syndrome
      but no AMI. Patients with AMI had a significant increase in alpha-1-acid
      glycoprotein after 72 hours (mean 153 +/- 35 mg/dl) (p less than 0.05), and the
      maximum was observed on day 7 (mean 165 +/- 53 mg/dl) (p less than 0.05),
      returning to baseline by 28 days. There was no significant change in alpha-1-acid
      glycoprotein in patients with chest pain but no AMI. Regression analysis showed a
      significant relation between creatine kinase (p less than 0.005) and lactic
      dehydrogenase (p less than 0.001) vs alpha-1-acid glycoprotein indicating alpha-1
      acid glycoprotein concentration is high in patients with large AMI. Changes in
      binding resulting from alpha-1-acid glycoprotein during AMI could account for
      misinterpretation of total drug concentration and response to antiarrhythmic
      drugs acutely, during convalescence and at discharge.

PMID- 4025165
TI  - Anion-channel blockade with alinidine: a specific bradycardic drug for coronary
      heart disease without negative inotropic activity?
AB  - In 14 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for suspected coronary artery
      disease, alinidine, 0.6 mg/kg, was administered intravenously to determine its
      effects on left ventricular (LV) function, coronary blood flow and myocardial
      oxygen consumption. To assess effects independent of changes in heart rate (HR),
      measurements were made at spontaneous and matched pacing HRs. At spontaneous HR,
      alinidine decreased HR from 70 +/- 2 to 61 +/- 3 beats/min (p less than 10(-6].
      Peak rate of LV pressure decreased from 1,652 +/- 92 to 1,371 +/- 80 mm Hg/s (p
      less than 10(-5] and Vmax decreased from 47 +/- 3 to 41 +/- 2 s-1 (p less than
      10(-4]. Coronary sinus blood flow decreased from 109 +/- 9 to 89 +/- 7 ml/min (p
      less than 0.01) and myocardial oxygen consumption from 10.9 +/- 1.0 to 9.0 +/-
      0.8 ml O2/min (p less than 0.05). At a matched pacing HR of 98 +/- 3 beats/min
      before and after alinidine administration, peak rate of LV pressure decreased
      from 1,984 +/- 124 to 1,793 +/- 106 mm Hg/s (p less than 10(-4] and Vmax from 60
      +/- 5 to 56 +/- 4 s-1 (p less than 0.02). Coronary sinus blood flow and
      myocardial oxygen consumption were not significantly changed at matched pacing
      HRs. The time constant of the first 40 ms of LV isovolumic relaxation was
      prolonged by alinidine only during spontaneous HR. Thus, alinidine results in a
      bradycardia-dependent decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption. It has negative
      inotropic properties independent of changes in HR and so is not a pure
      bradycardia-specific agent.

PMID- 4025164
TI  - Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate in acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Acute hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate
      (FDP), an agent that is supposed to restore anaerobic glycolytic flux in the
      ischemic myocardium, were studied in 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction
      who were grouped into 4 subsets: subset 1, normal (15 mm Hg or less) pulmonary
      artery (PA) wedge pressure and normal (35 g-m/m2 or greater) left ventricular
      (LV) stroke work index; subset 2, elevated (more than 15 mm Hg) PA wedge pressure
      and normal LV stroke work index; subset 3, normal PA wedge pressure and reduced
      (less than 35 g-m/m2) LV stroke work index; subset 4, elevated PA wedge pressure
      and LV stroke work index moderately reduced to a range between 16 and 34 g-m/m2.
      Patients were randomized into an FDP (250 mg/kg body weight in isotonic saline
      solution intravenously in 20 minutes) and into a placebo group. Each subset
      contained 5 FDP- and 5 placebo-treated patients. After basal measurements,
      hemodynamic measurements were reassessed at 60, 90 and 120 minutes from the
      infusions, while a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded in the basal
      state and 120 minutes after infusion. Nonsignificant hemodynamic change was
      observed in the placebo subsets, and FDP failed to exert any effect in subsets 1,
      2 and 3. A 24% (p less than 0.02) increase in cardiac index occurred 60 minutes
      after FDP in subset 4. LV stroke work index also increased, while PA wedge
      pressure remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025166
TI  - Efficacy of combination therapy with mexiletine and a type IA agent for inducible
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias secondary to coronary artery disease.
AB  - The efficacy of combination therapy using a type IA agent (quinidine or
      procainamide) and a type IB agent (mexiletine) in suppressing inducible sustained
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias was studied in 23 patients undergoing serial drug
      testing with programmed stimulation. All patients had coronary artery disease
      (CAD) with previous myocardial infarction and abnormal left ventricular function
      (mean ejection fraction 35%). Fifty-five percent of the patients presented with
      syncope or cardiac arrest. In 19 patients therapy had failed during empiric
      trials of 1 to 3 antiarrhythmic agents. All 23 patients had inducible sustained
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias (18 had uniform morphology sustained ventricular
      tachycardia (VT) and 5 had ventricular fibrillation [VF]) during control
      electrophysiologic study, and therapy had failed with a type IA agent and
      mexiletine alone. The combination therapy of mexiletine and the type IA agent
      prevented induction of any ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 8 of 23 patients. In
      15 patients, the combination significantly prolonged the tachycardia cycle length
      and reduced the symptoms associated with the induced arrhythmia. Patients more
      likely to respond to the combination had shorter cycle lengths and polymorphic
      configuration of the control-induced arrhythmia. The increased efficacy of the
      combination therapy could not be attributed to higher plasma drug levels for the
      combination, as there was no significant difference in plasma levels for each
      drug when given alone or in combination. Thus, the increased efficacy most likely
      reflects a synergistic electropharmacologic effect of the 2 agents.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025167
TI  - Autonomic dependence of ventriculoatrial conduction.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of isoproterenol and atropine on patients with poor
      ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction, 17 patients were studied who did not have 1-to
      1 VA conduction during ventricular pacing at a rate slightly faster than sinus
      rate (group I) and 11 patients were studied who had 1-to-1 VA conduction, but
      only at constant ventricular pacing cycle lengths longer than 600 ms (group II).
      Isoproterenol infusion at a rate causing a 20 to 30% increase in sinus rate or up
      to 4 micrograms/min shortened the ventricular pacing cycle lengths that induced
      VA block in all group II patients. Atropine administration at a dose causing a 20
      to 30% increase in sinus rate or up to a total dose of 2 mg also shortened the
      ventricular pacing cycle lengths that induced VA block in all group II patients.
      At similar pacing cycle lengths, isoproterenol and atropine induced shorter VA
      intervals than control. Nine of 17 group I patients had demonstrable 1-to-1 VA
      conduction either during isoproterenol infusion or after atropine administration.
      Of these 9 patients, 1-to-1 VA conduction could be found only during
      isoproterenol infusion in 3 patients and only after atropine administration in 4
      patients. The improvement of VA conduction by these drugs was related to their
      effects on the atrioventricular node. The change in VA conduction mediated by
      autonomic changes induced by these drugs may explain why some patients without
      demonstrable VA conduction during rest may have, under certain circumstances,
      "endless-loop" tachycardia or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia using
      atrioventricular nodal conduction as the retrograde limb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025168
TI  - Efficacy of verapamil in exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - The antiarrhythmic efficacy of verapamil was determined by serial treadmill
      testing in 16 patients with reproducible exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia
      (VT). Twelve of the 16 patients responded to verapamil, 0.2 mg/kg intravenously;
      in 8 of these 12 responders, an oral verapamil regimen of 160 to 320 mg given
      every 8 hours also prevented exercise-induced VT. Plasma verapamil concentration
      was significantly higher in the responders than in the nonresponders to
      intravenous verapamil, but levels were similar in responders and nonresponders to
      oral therapy. The 8 responders to the oral drug were followed up while receiving
      verapamil therapy for 6 to 22 months (mean 15), and exercise-induced VT did not
      recur in any patient. Five of the 8 responders also had concomitant spontaneous
      VT unrelated to exercise which verapamil suppressed initially as well: 4 remained
      free of spontaneous VT, while 1 patient had recurrence of spontaneous VT. Thus,
      in patients with exercise-induced VT, verapamil is a promising alternative
      therapy to beta-adrenergic blocking agents. The effectiveness of verapamil is
      consistent with a mechanism of arrhythmogenesis involving calcium channels.

PMID- 4025169
TI  - Entrainment of ventricular tachycardia by atrial depolarizations.
AB  - Four patients in whom rapid atrial pacing resulted in transient entrainment of a
      sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) are reported. Ventricular fusion was seen
      in 3 of the 4. The following new observations were made: (1) A single atrial
      depolarization resulted in ventricular fusion and resetting of a VT, while atrial
      pacing at a faster rate entrained the same VT but without detectable fusion. This
      suggests that fusion during entrainment may be a rate-dependent phenomenon. (2)
      The interval between the last paced beat and the first nonpaced VT beat was
      different from the pacing cycle length in 3 patients. Two mechanisms accounted
      for this: the initial forces of each entrained QRS occurring as a result of the
      pacing wavefront, with fusion taking place only during the terminal forces, and
      the last entrained cycle exceeding the pacing cycle length by an amount related
      to the nonfused portion of the QRS, and delay in the presumed reentrant circuit
      responsible for the tachycardia. One VT was entrained with atrial pacing while
      ventricular pacing at the same rate resulted in termination, suggesting "site
      specificity" for termination. It is concluded that entrainment can occur without
      the criteria previously described as characteristic of it and that additional
      phenomena may be observed after stimulation that further support reentry as the
      mechanism of VT.

PMID- 4025170
TI  - Electrical alternans in wide complex tachycardias.
AB  - The occurrence of electrical alternation of 0.1 mV or greater of the QRS or T
      wave was analyzed in 156 electrocardiograms that showed wide QRS complex
      tachycardias from 91 patients. One hundred thirty-six ventricular tachycardias
      (VT) were recorded from 74 patients and 20 supraventricular tachycardias (SVT)
      from 17 patients. Alternans was present in 42 tracings (27%) from 35 patients
      (38%) and was equally frequent in the patients with VT (39%) and those with SVT
      (35%). Alternans occurred in 36 VTs (27%) and 6 SVTs (30%). Tachycardias with
      alternans had a shorter mean cycle length than tachycardias without alternans
      (339 +/- 53 vs 368 +/- 85 ms, p less than 0.05), but were not associated with a
      particular QRS morphology or axis. Alternans was most frequent in leads V2 and V3
      and was seen in more leads during SVT than VT (7.2 +/- 2.6 vs 3.7 +/- 2.5, p less
      than 0.005). All SVTs with alternans incorporated an atrioventricular bypass
      tract. Electrical alternans occurs frequently in wide QRS tachycardias. Alone, it
      does not help differentiate VT from SVT. SVTs utilizing bypass tracts frequently
      show alternans even if the QRS is wide, and this finding may be useful in
      determining the mechanism of SVTs with aberrant intraventricular conduction.

PMID- 4025171
TI  - Programmed electrical stimulation and long-term follow-up in asymptomatic,
      nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) (3 or more beats, less
      than 30 seconds in duration, rate more than 100 per minute) on 24-hour Holter
      monitoring and no history of clinical arrhythmia (presyncope, syncope or sudden
      death) were studied using programmed electrical stimulation (PES). PES induced VT
      in 14 patients (42%), sustained VT in 7 (21%) and nonsustained VT in 7 (21%).
      Inducible VT was associated with underlying heart disease in 9 of 19 patients
      with coronary artery disease, 3 of 6 patients with idiopathic dilated
      cardiomyopathy and 2 of 4 patients with mitral valve prolapse. Patients without
      structural heart disease did not have inducible VT. Ejection fraction (EF) was
      not significantly different in patients with or without inducible VT. Twenty
      three patients were discharged with drug therapy and 10 patients without therapy.
      At 23 +/- 16 months (mean +/- standard deviation) follow-up, 28 patients (85%)
      were alive, 4 (12%) had died from a cardiac cause (EF 49 +/- 17% vs 28 +/- 20%, p
      less than 0.03). Another patient died from cerebrovascular accident. Twenty-six
      patients (79%) were free of clinical arrhythmia and 7 patients (21%) had
      arrhythmic events (EF 49 +/- 18% vs 31 +/- 17%, p less than 0.04). Two of 8
      patients with noninducible VT who were discharged without drug treatment had
      clinical arrhythmic events and neither of 2 patients with inducible VT discharged
      off drugs had such events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025173
TI  - Doppler hemodynamic evaluation of prosthetic (Starr-Edwards and Bjork-Shiley) and
      bioprosthetic (Hancock and Carpentier-Edwards) cardiac valves.
AB  - One hundred thirty-four patients with prosthetic or bioprosthetic heart valves
      were investigated with Doppler echocardiography to determine normal values for
      commonly used prosthetic valves and to test the specificity of abnormal Doppler
      findings. In 70 patients the aortic valves had been replaced and in 64 the mitral
      valves had been replaced. Gradients across prostheses in the aortic position were
      calculated from maximal velocity. Peak calculated aortic transvalvular gradients
      in normal subjects were 22 +/- 10 mm Hg in 33 Bjork-Shiley valves, 23 +/- 10 mm
      Hg in 27 porcine valves and 29 +/- 13 mm Hg in 6 Starr-Edwards valves. Mild
      aortic regurgitation was seen in 42% of Bjork-Shiley valves, 26% of porcine
      valves and 2 of 6 Starr-Edwards valves. Mitral valve orifice was calculated by
      the pressure half-time method. In clinically normal patients with mitral valve
      prostheses, the effective mitral valve orifice was 2.5 +/- 0.8 cm2 in 35 Bjork
      Shiley valves, 2.1 +/- 0.7 cm2 in 17 porcine valves, and 2.0 +/- 0.3 cm2 in 10
      Starr-Edwards valves. Mitral regurgitation was found in 11% of Bjork-Shiley
      valves, 19% of porcine valves and 30% of Starr-Edwards valves. Repeat studies at
      2 weeks to 14 months revealed no difference in 8 aortic and 14 mitral prostheses.
      Seven aortic and 4 mitral valves functioned abnormally as determined by Doppler,
      and the abnormal function was confirmed in each at surgery or at cardiac
      catheterization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025172
TI  - Single and combined therapy for systemic hypertension with propranolol,
      hydralazine and hydrochlorothiazide: hemodynamic and neuroendocrine mechanisms of
      action.
AB  - The antihypertensive mechanisms of single and combined therapy with a beta
      adrenergic antagonist (propranolol) and a vasodilator (hydralazine) were
      investigated in 9 patients with moderately severe hypertension, who were
      receiving maintenance diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide) treatment. Hemodynamic and
      neuroendocrine responses were determined at rest and during lower body negative
      pressure, and dynamic and static exercise stress after the chronic administration
      of propranolol and hydralazine, given alone or in combination. All 3 drug
      regimens, each administered for at least 10 weeks, reduced blood pressure (p less
      than 0.05) compared with diuretic-only therapy in patients at rest, in both the
      supine and standing position, and during lower body negative pressure and dynamic
      exercise. There was a significant additive antihypertensive effect when
      propranolol and hydralazine were combined. Only combination therapy effectively
      lowered pressure during static exercise. The regimens produced divergent effects
      on the supine cardiac output: a decrease with propranolol (p less than 0.05), no
      change with combination therapy and an increase with hydralazine (p less than
      0.05). Both hydralazine and combination therapy significantly reduced supine
      total peripheral resistance (p less than 0.05), whereas propranolol produced no
      change. All 3 drug treatments significantly reduced total peripheral resistance
      during upright rest and dynamic exercise (p less than 0.05), without changing
      cardiac output or maximal exercise capacity. During exercise, cardiac output was
      maintained in patients treated with propranolol and in those treated with
      combined therapy by increases in stroke volume (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025174
TI  - Doppler versus contrast echocardiography for diagnosis of tricuspid
      regurgitation.
AB  - Sixty-eight patients (mean age 49 years) were studied with contrast
      echocardiography (CE) and Doppler echocardiography (DE) to evaluate both methods
      for detecting and grading tricuspid regurgitation (TR). In all patients, right
      ventricular (RV) angiography was performed. The severity of TR was graded on a 4
      point scale. Only 68 of 88 patients who underwent RV angiography (77%) could be
      evaluated, but 65 of 68 patients who underwent CE (96%) and all 68 who underwent
      DE (100%) could be evaluated. TR was present in 33 patients as seen on RV
      angiography. CE and DE correctly diagnosed 27 and 30 patients, respectively,
      corresponding to a sensitivity of 82% for CE and 91% for DE. Specificity was 100%
      for CE and 86% for DE. CE and DE grading, respectively, of TR vs RV angiographic
      grading showed no difference in 50 and 47 patients, a 1-level difference in 8 and
      13 and a 2-level difference in 7 and 5 cases. (CE-RV angiography, r = 0.84, p
      less than 0.001; DE-RV angiography, r = 0.82, p less than 0.001). Thus, CE and DE
      are accurate methods for routine diagnosis of TR, with DE having higher
      sensitivity and easier grading. Considering the possibility of false-positive
      findings of our standard RV angiography, sensitivity and specificity of CE and DE
      could be even higher.

PMID- 4025175
TI  - Determinants of prognosis in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy as determined by
      programmed electrical stimulation.
AB  - The incidence and prognostic significance of electrically induced ventricular
      arrhythmias were prospectively assessed in 42 patients with idiopathic dilated
      cardiomyopathy. All patients underwent 24-hour, long-term electrocardiographic
      (Holter) monitoring and 30 were analyzed by a signal-averaging
      vectorcardiographic procedure at entry into the study. Their response to
      programmed electrical stimulation during basic right ventricular pacing was
      investigated using 1 and 2 ventricular extrastimuli. A monomorphic tachycardia
      was not induced in any patient. In 36 patients (86%) polymorphic ventricular
      arrhythmias were initiated. Three or more induced consecutive ventricular
      premature complexes occurred in 9 patients (21%), nonsustained polymorphic
      ventricular tachycardia in 2 (4.8%) and ventricular fibrillation in 1 patient
      (2.4%). There was no association between electrically induced polymorphic
      ventricular arrhythmias and the degree of impairment of left ventricular
      function. Furthermore, the incidence of induced ventricular arrhythmias was not
      related to the Lown grade or to the total number of ventricular premature
      complexes during Holter monitoring. A late potential was detected by the averaged
      vectorcardiogram in only 1 of the 30 patients. During follow-up (mean 16 +/- 7
      months) 7 patients died, 5 from chronic congestive heart failure and 2 from
      sudden cardiac death. No patient had an electrically induced arrhythmia of 3 or
      more ventricular premature complexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025176
TI  - Detection of intracardiac shunt flow in atrial septal defect using a real-time
      two-dimensional color-coded Doppler flow imaging system and comparison with
      contrast two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - To evaluate the noninvasive detection of shunt flow using a newly developed real
      time 2-dimensional color-coded Doppler flow imaging system (D-2DE), 20 patients
      were examined, including 10 with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) and 10
      control subjects. These results were compared with contrast 2-dimensional
      echocardiography (C-2DE). Doppler 2DE displayed the blood flow toward the
      transducer as red and the blood flow away from the transducer as blue in 8
      shades, each shade adding green according to the degree of variance in Doppler
      frequency. In the patients with ASD, D-2DE clearly visualized left-to-right shunt
      flow in 7 of 10 patients. In 5 of these 7 patients, C-2DE showed a negative
      contrast effect in the same area of the right atrium. Thus, D-2DE increased the
      sensitivity over C-2DE for detecting left-to-right shunt flow (from 50% to 70%).
      However, the specificity was slightly less in D-2DE (90%) than C-2DE (100%).
      Doppler 2DE could not visualize right-to-left shunt flow in all patients with
      ASD, though C-2DE showed a positive contrast effect in the left-sided heart in 9
      of 10 patients with ASD. Thus, D-2DE is clinically useful for detecting left-to
      right shunt flow in patients with ASD.

PMID- 4025177
TI  - Acute hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside in children with isolated mitral
      regurgitation.
AB  - The acute hemodynamic responses to nitroprusside during cardiac catheterization
      were evaluated in 12 children with isolated mitral regurgitation (MR) of
      congenital origin. The patients were classified into 2 groups. Group I consisted
      of 5 patients who received digitalis or diuretic drugs and group II consisted of
      7 patients who received no medication. Hemodynamic measurements were performed
      using a multisensor catheter system during infusion of nitroprusside at a dose of
      2.0 micrograms/kg/min. With nitroprusside, the mean right atrial pressure
      decreased an average of 50% in group I (from 6 +/- 1 to 3 +/- 1 mm Hg) and 75% in
      group II (from 4 +/- 1 to 1 +/- 1 mm Hg), and the mean decrease of pulmonary
      artery wedge pressure was 50% in group I (from 14 +/- 3 to 7 +/- 3 mm Hg) and 56%
      in group II (from 9 +/- 2 to 4 +/- 1 mm Hg). Administration of nitroprusside also
      caused a significant reduction in systemic vascular resistance by 40% in both
      groups (from 25 +/- 6 to 15 +/- 5 U/m2 in group I and from 25 +/- 2 to 15 +/- 3 3
      U/m2 in group II), whereas forward cardiac output increased markedly, by an
      average of 48% in group I (from 3.3 +/- 0.5 to 4.9 +/- 0.9 liters/min/m2) and 58%
      in group II (from 3.3 +/- 0.3 to 5.2 +/- 0.8 liters/min/m2). No significant
      differences in hemodynamic response between groups I and II were noted.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025178
TI  - Usefulness of left ventricular volume in assessing tetralogy of Fallot for total
      correction.
AB  - Ninety-one patients with tetralogy of Fallot underwent intracardiac repair
      between 1978 and 1981. One patient died from left-sided heart failure.
      Retrospective analyses of this death revealed a significant decrease of the left
      ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) of 21 ml/m2 (36% of normal).
      Results of early postoperative hemodynamic studies after total correction of this
      anomaly suggested that an EDVI of 30 ml/m2 is the minimal requirement for
      adequate cardiac output postoperatively. Based on these data, 3 patients with
      decreased LV volume with EDVI of around 30 ml/m2 were challenged with the primary
      repair with success, although they required atrial pacing and catecholamine
      support postoperatively to maintain adequate left atrial pressure and cardiac
      output. From these results, it is recommended that patients with tetralogy of
      Fallot and an EDVI of 30 ml/m2 or more can be considered as candidates for the
      primary repair, but that patients with an EDVI of less than 30 ml/m2 should be
      palliated once by systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt procedures. Subsequent
      total correction should be performed after sufficient LV growth for those
      patients.

PMID- 4025179
TI  - Rest and exercise hemodynamics in pulmonary stenosis: comparison of children and
      adults.
AB  - To better understand the hemodynamics of pulmonary stenosis (PS), 24 adults and
      53 children with similar degrees of PS who had undergone cardiac catheterization
      at rest and during supine exercise were retrospectively studied. Three groups
      were defined. Group I consisted of 9 adults and 18 children with a pulmonary
      valve area of less than 0.5 cm2/m2; group II, 6 adults and 25 children with a
      pulmonary valve area of 0.5 to 1.0 cm2/m2; and group III, 9 adults and 10
      children with pulmonary valve area of more than 1.0 cm2/m2. The mean ages of the
      adults were 29, 26 and 22 years for groups I, II, and III, respectively. The mean
      ages of the children were 11, 10 and 9 years for groups I, II and III,
      respectively. The pertinent data collected from catheterization included oxygen
      consumption, cardiac rate and index, arterial venous oxygen difference, stroke
      index, right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure and RV end-diastolic pressure.
      Adults and children in groups II and III had an appropriate response to exercise.
      Group I children responded abnormally by increasing their RV end-diastolic
      pressure and decreasing their stroke index. In group I adults both of these
      variables increased. Group I adults exhibited a significantly lower cardiac index
      at rest and exercise secondary to a significantly lower absolute cardiac rate.
      Long-standing severe PS results in hemodynamic compromise. Hence, early relief of
      PS is recommended.

PMID- 4025181
TI  - A symposium: Cost containment issues in cardiology.

PMID- 4025180
TI  - Importance of imaging plane for magnetic resonance imaging of the normal left
      ventricle.
AB  - Visualization of the left ventricle by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is
      largely a function of imaging planes. The best depiction of the myocardium is
      possible when the imaging plane is perpendicular to the region of interest. The
      effect of imaging plane on the visualization of the left ventricle has not been
      fully described. To assess this effect, 10 normal adults underwent
      electrocardiogram-gated multiplanar cardiac MRI. The imaging planes being
      evaluated were standard planes, transverse, sagittal and coronal, and modified
      planes relating to the left ventricular (LV) long axis: coronal long axis
      parallel to the ventricular septum (VS), sagittal long axis perpendicular to the
      VS and transverse short axis perpendicular to the VS and long axis. The
      myocardium was separated into 9 segments. Using each plane, the LV segments were
      evaluated for quality of LV depiction. The planes based on the LV long axis were
      superior to standard planes in depicting the LV segments.

PMID- 4025182
TI  - Paradox, change and choice: an economist's view of some current health care
      resource issues.
AB  - Health care delivery is a major industry in the United States, consuming large
      quantities of human and physical capital and generating impressive quantities of
      products, ideas, trained personnel and health services. The focus of current
      public policy attention upon the medical profession, which has only in this
      century become a highly respected scientific profession, is not on its
      substantial accomplishments, but on the health care delivery system as a consumer
      (generator?) of over 10% of our annual gross national product. The overwhelming
      focus of current public policy and public sentiment is on cost containment (i.e.,
      developing strategies to limit the flow of resources into the existing health
      care delivery system). This shift in public sentiment and new focus of public
      policy is, in some sense, a paradox in view of the spectacular advances in
      medical science and access to health care that the medical profession has
      delivered in the last 2 decades. The source of this anxiety and the cause of
      current initiatives in public policy and private practices with respect to health
      care is costs. The health care sector has not only consumed more resources than
      anticipated, but has also been characterized by unusually rapidly escalating
      prices and skyrocketing government resource commitments. As a result, we are
      asking new questions and seeking new initiatives. We are asking whether the
      institutions and practices that characterize the existing health care delivery
      system are the most suitable arrangements for our future. This article raises
      some of the issues entailed by these questions and details some of the choices
      which lie ahead for the health care industry.

PMID- 4025183
TI  - The effect of cost containment on the practice of cardiology: predictions.
AB  - When health care cost containment is tied to unit pricing, the system may become
      price-driven rather than care-driven. Although the incentives engendered by unit
      pricing may not necessarily result in practices detrimental to the young or the
      patient with relatively pure disease, the potential for adverse effects on the
      elderly, the poor and the chronically ill is real. Hospitals will soon emphasize
      quick turnover, efficiency and intensive care. Diagnostic evaluations and chronic
      disease care will be moved out of hospitals into physician owned-and-operated
      facilities and out-of-hospital settings, respectively. The health care system
      will fractionate, and quality control will require restructuring to achieve the
      present level of quality assurance. Cardiologists, as well as other physicians,
      will need to alter their teaching style and teaching locations. Better methods
      for predicting outcomes will need to be developed; we will no longer have the
      safety net of following a patient closely and altering management plans according
      to the patient's response. Cost containment may occur under diagnosis related
      groups, preferred provider organizations, health maintenance organizations and
      other prepaid or "capped" systems. There are, however, many issues relative to
      cost versus quality that need to be resolved if severe detrimental effects on
      care are to be avoided.

PMID- 4025184
TI  - Role of technology in controlling health care costs.
AB  - The objectives of medical technology are to define basic knowledge about the
      function of the body and to aid in making patients better. Because the escalation
      of costs for advanced technology has been dramatic, it has been labelled one of
      the culprits for the great increases in health care costs in the past decade. Yet
      technology can improve the quality of care while providing mechanisms for
      lowering costs. Such an approach requires improved productivity. Several
      approaches to improve productivity, with emphasis on the electronic and computer
      revolution that has been brought to medicine, are discussed. In addition, it is
      suggested that the use of technology gives medical staff more time to meet the
      personal needs of patients.

PMID- 4025185
TI  - Future trends in the economics of medical practice and care.
AB  - A revolution is taking place in the American health care industry. The basis for
      these changes is the rapid escalation of health care costs to nearly 11% of our
      gross national product. The changes have caused a controversy regarding whether
      cost containment reduces the quality of medical care. Our present system was
      built on the premise that the highest quality of health care could be delivered
      to all fairly and without any form of rationing. This has led to a massive growth
      in facilities and the number of physicians. In simple economic terms the market
      factors in the environment should have lowered the cost of care. However, the
      cost of care has increased even more rapidly than expected. It seems likely that
      older economic principles must be abandoned to control costs. Price competition,
      preferred providers and more efficient hospitals must all be encouraged.
      Overutilization of care must be discouraged by proper incentives, and overpricing
      by physicians may require fixed cost reimbursement. Two-tiered health care
      delivery will develop and small segments of the population may receive a lower
      quality of care. Rationing of care may be a simple alternative.

PMID- 4025186
TI  - Workshop I: Quality of cardiologic care in the era of cost containment.

PMID- 4025187
TI  - Workshop II: Cost containment issues in acute myocardial infarction and coronary
      care management--points of view.

PMID- 4025188
TI  - Workshop III: Graduate medical education in an era of cost containment.

PMID- 4025189
TI  - Thermic effect of feeding carbohydrate, fat, protein and mixed meal in lean and
      obese subjects.
AB  - The thermic effect of 1.67 MJ (400 kcal) of carbohydrate (glucose), fat, protein
      and mixed meal were examined in 11 lean and 11 obese subjects by indirect
      calorimetry. The changes in metabolic rate in response over 90 min period (30-120
      min after the meal) to the different meals were compared with that seen after a
      similar volume of low calorie drink. The thermic effects of glucose and protein
      were not significantly different between lean and obese subjects. Obese subjects
      showed very little increase in metabolic rate following ingestion of fat (-0.9 +/
      2.0%, mean +/- SEM) and this was significantly different from that seen in lean
      subjects (14.4 +/- 3.4%). The thermogenic response to mixed meal was also
      significantly lower in obese subjects when expressed as percentage change (12.9
      +/- 2.3% compared to 25.0 +/- 4.8%). There was no evidence for delay in gastric
      emptying times for glucose and fatty meal in the six obese subjects in whom these
      were measured. We conclude that obese subjects show a reduced thermogenic
      response to fat.

PMID- 4025190
TI  - Birth weight doubling and tripling times: an updated look at the effects of birth
      weight, sex, race and type of feeding.
AB  - Data were collected on 335 infants from birth to age two years whose families
      were all subscribers to a prepaid medical care plan. Birth weights were not
      significantly different by race or gender. Doubling time (DT) was significantly
      later than that reported in the mid-70s. Tripling time (TT) was significantly
      later than that calculated from the National Center for Health Statistics growth
      charts. Birth weight was the most significant factor for both DT and TT. Gender
      significantly affected DT only. Race was directly significant only for DT, but
      became significant for DT and TT when adjusted for gender and type of feeding.
      Type of feeding was not significant. The group which tripled birth weight the
      earliest had a higher percentage of fatter infants and suggest early TT may be
      useful to indicate infants at risk for obesity.

PMID- 4025191
TI  - Plasma lipid and lipoprotein response of humans to beef fat, coconut oil and
      safflower oil.
AB  - This study's purpose was to evaluate the fasting human plasma lipid and
      lipoprotein responses to dietary beef fat (BF) by comparison with coconut oil
      (CO) and safflower oil (SO), fats customarily classified as saturated and
      polyunsaturated. Nineteen free-living normolipidemic men aged 25.6 +/- 3.5 yr
      consumed centrally-prepared lunches and dinners of common foods having 35% fat
      calories, 60% of which was the test fat. The test fats were isocalorically
      substituted, and each fed for five weeks in random sequences with intervening
      five weeks of habitual diets. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
      concentrations among individuals follows the same relative rank regardless of
      diet. Triglycerides (TG) concentrations among individuals also maintain their
      relative rank regardless of diet but in a different order from that of the
      cholesterols. Plasma TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C responses to BF were significantly
      lower and TG higher than to CO. As compared to SO, BF produced equivalent levels
      of TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C and marginally higher TC. Thus, the customary
      consideration of BF as "saturated" and grouping it with CO appears unwarranted.

PMID- 4025192
TI  - Alterations in adipocyte free fatty acid re-esterification associated with
      obesity and weight reduction in man.
AB  - Using a newly developed in vitro technique, the rate of re-esterification of
      lipolyzed free fatty acids (FFA) in small fragments of human subcutaneous adipose
      tissue was measured. When related to simultaneous glycerol release, this measure
      permits the calculation of the molar ratios of glycerol and FFA leaving the
      adipocyte. In weight-stable, never-obese control subjects the molar ratio of
      FFA:glycerol leaving the adipocytes is 1.4:1. During fasting, this ratio climbs
      to 2.7:1, close to the theoretical maximum of 3.0:1. Adipocytes from weight
      stable obese subjects do not differ significantly from adipocytes of control in
      regard to this ratio. However, the adipocytes of weight-stable reduced-obese (RO)
      subjects display a significantly higher FFA:glycerol ratio than the adipocytes of
      either control or obese subjects. The presence of this fasting-like physiology in
      adipose tissue from weight-stable RO subjects is of particular interest since
      these same individuals have other systemic metabolic and subjective findings
      compatible with caloric deprivation.

PMID- 4025193
TI  - A comparative study of the effects of white sugar, unrefined sugar and starch on
      the efficiency of food utilization and thermogenesis.
AB  - Energy balance studies with weanling rats and mice were carried out to
      investigate the chronic effects of diets containing white sugar, unrefined sugar,
      and starch as sole carbohydrate on body composition and energetic efficiency. The
      results show no significant differences in energetic efficiency and in body
      composition of both rats and mice fed the different carbohydrate diets. However,
      there is a tendency for the sugar-fed animals to have higher metabolizable energy
      intakes, but rarely was this sufficient to increase body energy since there were
      corresponding increases in metabolic rate. These studies indicate that
      differences in energy balance between sugar and starch are small and that any
      increase in thermogenesis that occurred in some of the groups fed sugar-rich
      diets was in response to the higher energy intake rather than due to a lower
      efficiency of utilization of sucrose per se.

PMID- 4025194
TI  - Differences in vitamin B6 status indicator responses between young and middle
      aged women fed constant diets with two levels of vitamin B6.
AB  - The responses of adult women to two levels of vitamin B6, was conducted with five
      young and eight middle-aged subjects. A constant diet (2.3-2.4 mg vitamin B6 per
      day) was fed for four weeks followed by three weeks of the same diet supplemented
      with 8.0 mg pyridoxine. Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), plasma and urinary
      vitamin B6, and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) were determined. The older women
      had significantly lower plasma PLP, plasma and urinary vitamin B6 and slightly
      higher urinary 4-PA values on normal vitamin B6 intakes. With supplementation,
      only the difference in urinary total vitamin B6 remained significant. Tryptophan
      load tests revealed no significant between-group differences in xanthurenic acid
      or kynurenic acid excretion. These results demonstrate an age-related difference
      in vitamin B6 status indicators in women under controlled dietary intake of
      vitamin B6.

PMID- 4025195
TI  - Evaluation of zinc and copper nutritional status and effects upon growth of
      southern adolescent females.
AB  - A biracial sample of twenty-nine 14-yr old and thirty 16-yr old females was
      evaluated for zinc and copper nutritional status. Socioeconomic, demographic,
      anthropometric and 24-h dietary recall data were collected and plasma zinc and
      copper and erythrocyte zinc levels determined. Mean plasma zinc was 83 +/- 15
      micrograms/dl; racial differences were significant (p less than 0.05) with plasma
      zinc levels at 87 +/- 3 micrograms/dl for whites and 79 +/- 3 micrograms/dl for
      blacks. Mean plasma copper was 119 +/- 24 micrograms/dl and was slightly higher
      for blacks than for whites. Mean erythrocyte zinc was 8.3 +/- 2.7 micrograms/g
      and represented 10 times the level of zinc in plasma. Plasma copper levels were
      positively (p less than 0.05) related to body size. Plasma copper was negatively
      (p less than 0.05) related to dietary fiber. Other dietary and economic factors
      did not affect mineral status.

PMID- 4025196
TI  - Indices of copper status in humans consuming a typical American diet containing
      either fructose or starch.
AB  - Twenty-four male subjects originally participated in a study to determine the
      effects of feeding diets comparatively low in copper (1.03 mg/day/2850 kcal) and
      containing either 20% fructose or starch on indices of copper status. During the
      course of feeding the diets for 11 wk, four of the subjects exhibited heart
      related abnormalities and were removed from the study. Fructose ingestion had no
      effect on serum ceruloplasmin activity or serum copper concentration but did
      significantly reduce cuprozinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of
      erythrocytes as compared to starch. Repletion of the subjects with 3 mg
      copper/day for 3 wk significantly increased SOD levels in subjects previously fed
      fructose but not starch. Apparent copper balance was significantly greater when
      the subjects consumed the fructose as compared to the starch diet. These results
      suggest that the type of dietary carbohydrate fed can differentially affect
      indices of copper status in humans.

PMID- 4025197
TI  - Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys: VI. Influence on the
      immunohematology of infants in the first year.
AB  - Rhesus monkey infants fed a marginally zinc-deficient diet (4 ppm) from
      conception through 12 mo of postnatal life were monitored for changes in
      hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters. These zinc-deprived
      (ZD) infants were compared to control infants whose mothers were fed a zinc
      replete (100 ppm) diet either ad libitum (AL) or pair-fed (PF) throughout
      gestation and lactation. Blast transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes to
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P), concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM),
      was dramatically depressed in the zinc-deficient (ZD) group. Similarly, ZD
      infants had reduced polymorphonuclear leukocyte function as measured by
      chemotaxis to endotoxin-activated plasma and phagocytosis of Candida albicans.
      Levels of serum IgM were significantly altered in zinc-deficient infants compared
      to controls. Serum concentrations of IgG and IgA were similar in zinc-deficient
      and control infants. ZD infants also manifested a hypochromic microcytic anemia
      at one month of age, reduced activity of the zinc metalloenzyme alkaline
      phosphatase, and lower activity of SGPT.

PMID- 4025198
TI  - Urinary catecholamines in iron-deficient rats at rest and following surgical
      stress.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine catecholamine concentrations both at
      rest and in response to a surgical stress in iron-deficient and control rats.
      Twenty-one-day-old rats were randomized to one of two groups which received a
      diet containing either 6 or 50 mg iron/kg. Three to five days later, when anemia
      was first detectable, urinary norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were already
      significantly elevated in the iron-deficient compared to control rats. In
      contrast, urinary dopamine (DA) became depressed after 10 days of the iron
      deficient regimen. At 38 days of age, both groups were subjected to a surgical
      stress. NE and DA became elevated over baseline values in both diet groups during
      the 24-h period following surgery; NE remained significantly higher and DA
      significantly lower in the iron-deficient than in the control group. We conclude
      that changes in urine catecholamine concentration occur early in the development
      of iron deficiency and that they are characteristic of both baseline and stress
      conditions.

PMID- 4025199
TI  - Alcohol consumption, nutrient intake and relative body weight among US adults.
AB  - Data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I)
      were analyzed for differences in nutrient intakes based on the amounts of alcohol
      consumed by US adults, and for relationships between alcohol consumption, calorie
      intake, and relative body weight. Drinkers had significantly higher intakes of
      total calories than nondrinkers, but only because of their intakes of alcoholic
      calories. Among drinkers, the intakes of nonalcoholic calories decreased as
      alcohol intakes increased, and it was estimated that between 15 and 41% of the
      alcoholic calories replaced nonalcoholic calories. Despite their higher caloric
      intakes, drinkers were not more obese than nondrinkers, suggesting that alcoholic
      calories may be less efficiently utilized than nonalcoholic calories, or may
      interfere with utilization of nonalcoholic calories. The most salient difference
      in nutrient intake between drinkers and nondrinkers was the substantially lower
      carbohydrate intake of drinkers.

PMID- 4025201
TI  - Rapid sampling and long-term storage of subcutaneous adipose-tissue biopsies for
      determination of fatty acid composition.
AB  - The fatty acid composition of fat tissue is a valid indicator of the fatty acid
      composition of the diet over the preceding 1 to 3 yr. Here we describe a rapid
      method for sampling of buttock fat without anesthesia. On average, 35 mg can be
      obtained using a common blood-sampling system. Sampling of 40 subjects takes
      about 3 h. The procedure caused no more anxiety or discomfort than a routine
      venipuncture. Application in about 500 subjects has as yet yielded no infectious
      or other complications. With regard to the fatty acid composition of the biopsy,
      sampling site (left versus right buttock) was not found to be a source of error.
      The biopsies could be stored for periods up to 1.5 yr without changes in the
      fatty acid profile. With this method one can obtain biopsies from a large number
      of subjects and determine objectively the long-term fatty acid composition of
      their diet.

PMID- 4025200
TI  - Dietary intakes of essential nutrients among Mexican-Americans and Anglo
      Americans: the San Antonio Heart Study.
AB  - Dietary intakes of essential nutrients were measured as part of a population
      based investigation of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican
      Americans and Anglo-Americans in San Antonio, Texas. Twenty-four hour dietary
      recalls were conducted on 2134 individuals residing in three socioeconomically
      distinct neighborhoods: low-income, middle-income, and upper-income. Mean intakes
      of calcium, vitamin A and vitamin C were significantly lower among Mexican
      Americans than among Anglos. Intake of vitamin C was most affected by
      socioeconomic status. Females of both ethnic groups consumed less than their RDA
      for calcium and iron. Intakes of B vitamins, phosphorus, and potassium were
      adequate, with few ethnic or socioeconomic differences.

PMID- 4025202
TI  - Eating in the laboratory: is it representative?
AB  - The degree to which caloric intake of food consumed in a laboratory setting can
      approximate caloric intake measured under free-living conditions was assessed in
      the present study. Four men and four women of normal body weight weighed and
      recorded their food intake for four days (period 1) during which they were eating
      in their normal home environment. On the following week (period 2) which also
      lasted 4 days, the subjects consumed all their food in a laboratory setting.
      Based upon the findings that no significant change in body weight occurred during
      either period of the study, that no significant difference in paired caloric
      intake was observed between period 1 and period 2, and that a highly significant
      intraclass correlation coefficient, ri = .80 (p less than .005) existed between
      period 1 and period 2, it was concluded that food consumed in a laboratory
      setting is a reasonable approximation of caloric intake as measured under free
      living conditions.

PMID- 4025203
TI  - Ischemic heart disease: footprints through the data.
AB  - This study addresses the question of whether the rise in ischemic heart disease
      mortality has been just "a paper epidemic" as asserted in an earlier issue of
      this journal. Age-standardized death rates, proportions expected to die, mean
      ages at death, and cause specific contributions to changes in overall life
      expectancies were calculated for acute and chronic ischemic heart disease and for
      males and females for the years 1931 to 1980 using published vital statistics
      data. These multiple analyses reveal: a true epidemic of acute ischemic heart
      disease has occurred, affecting males exclusively or to a greater degree than
      females and it is now on the decline, fairly stable and more nearly comparable
      mortality for both males and females for chronic ischemic heart disease, and
      continuing problems of classification obscure the true levels of mortality for
      both the acute and chronic entities.

PMID- 4025204
TI  - Bridges between nutrition, neuroscience, and behavior.

PMID- 4025205
TI  - Phenylalanine metabolites, attention span and hyperactivity.
AB  - The metabolites of phenylalanine, phenylacetate, phenyllactate, phenylpyruvate
      and phenylethylamine, were measured in the urine of PKU patients. In general
      correlation was found between serum phenylalanine excretion of these metabolites.
      However, there were individual variations in the quantities and type of
      metabolites excreted that could not be explained by blood phenylalanine levels.
      In a PKU pregnancy large quantities of phenylalanine metabolites were found in
      urine despite a modest elevation of serum phenylalanine. Increase in the
      excretion of phenylalanine metabolites was found in patients who were considered
      to have good blood phenylalanine control. These preliminary studies indicate that
      the current practice of allowing a wide range of blood phenylalanine in the
      treatment of PKU may have to be reexamined. Since these metabolites are
      neurotoxic, they may afford a new parameter for the study of PKU not only
      regarding the prevention of mental retardation but also with regards to behavior
      and learning disabilities.

PMID- 4025207
TI  - Acupuncture therapy in acute abdomen.
AB  - Acupuncture as a therapeutic measure for abdominal pain was early recorded in
      Huangdi Neijing ("Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine"). Fruitful experiences have
      been accumulated in the practice of the long historical years. Nowadays
      acupuncture therapy has become one of the main therapeutic methods in surgical
      acute abdomen and is widely used clinically.

PMID- 4025206
TI  - The effects of dietary neurotransmitter precursors on human behavior.
AB  - The neurotransmitter precursors tryptophan and tyrosine are present in a variety
      of foods. In order to document possible effects of tryptophan and tyrosine on
      human behavior, single oral doses of these substances and matched placebos were
      administered to 20 men in a double-blind, crossover study. Various tests of mood
      state and performance were then administered. Tryptophan increased subjective
      fatigue and decreased self-ratings of vigor and alertness, but did not impair
      performance on any of the tests. Tyrosine produced no effects in our young
      population compared with placebo, but did decrease reaction time relative to
      tryptophan. It may be concluded that tryptophan has significant sedative-like
      properties, but unlike other sedatives may not impair performance.

PMID- 4025208
TI  - Psychiatric training and therapies in Ayurved.
AB  - This paper describes the selection and training procedures, ethical codes,
      metaphysical theories and principles of psychiatric treatments as practiced in
      Ayurved. Three treatment approaches for psychological disorders are: Ministered
      therapies (psychotherapies), Performance therapies (rituals), Auto therapies.
      Other forms of therapies mentioned are herbal, physical and natural. Treatments
      were administered with benediction. Man was treated as a whole with a
      psychosomatic approach. Ayurved is still a living science, though much of its
      knowledge has passed into oblivion. Resurrection of the lost treasure is
      advocated if the objective of 'Health for All by 2000 A.D.' is to be achieved for
      countries like India.

PMID- 4025209
TI  - Acupuncture points of the lumbar plexus.
AB  - This communication is the fifth in a series of six publications describing
      acupuncture points by anatomic nomenclature. This article describes acupuncture
      points in the lumbar region of the posterior body wall, the inguinal and pelvic
      regions of the lower abdomen, and the medial surface of the thigh and leg.
      Acupuncture points in these regions are generally established by anatomic
      features of the lumbar spinal nerves. Nerve branches of the posterior primary
      rami of the lumbar spinal nerves and the lumbar plexus provide the anatomic basis
      for acupuncture points in these regions and are used to name the points
      accordingly.

PMID- 4025210
TI  - Acupuncture points of the sacral plexus.
AB  - This is the sixth and final communication in a series describing acupuncture
      points by anatomic nomenclature. Most acupuncture points on the lateral and
      posterior surfaces of the lower limb are located along routes of the sacral
      plexus. These points belong to acupuncture meridians carrying "Yang energy" in
      the lower limbs. The meridians are traditionally known as the Urinary Bladder on
      the posterior surface of the lower limb, Gall Bladder on the lateral surface of
      the lower limb, and Stomach on the anterior surface of the leg and dorsum of the
      foot.

PMID- 4025211
TI  - Drug plants and health care.

PMID- 4025212
TI  - The effect of hydroxycamptothecin in the activity of RNA and DNA polymerases
      prepared from murine hepatoma cells.
AB  - Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is an antitumor alkaloid isolated from Camptotheca
      acuminata indigenous to China. It could reduce the activity of nuclear RNA
      polymerase II and I(III) of hepatoma cells. HCPT at 25-100 microM caused a
      remarkable inhibition on DNA polymerase alpha whilst only a slight inhibition on
      beta. The inhibitory action on alpha was restored by increasing amounts of enzyme
      or DNA template, but unchanged by varying amounts of substrate. It is suggested
      that HCPT may exert a stronger inhibition on DNA replication process.

PMID- 4025213
TI  - Effect of electro-acupuncture on chronic painful conditions in general medical
      practice--a 4 years' study.
AB  - A total of 204 consecutive, recalcitrant painful conditions were treated by
      electroacupuncture and closely observed up to 4 years in a group medical practice
      in Australia. The majority (151 cases or 74%) had enjoyed significant pain
      reduction well beyond 3 months. The causes of failure in the remainders were
      analysed and discussed. The encouraging overall results led to a renewed call for
      this mode of therapy to be used more widely as an adjunct in family medicine.

PMID- 4025214
TI  - Acupuncture points of the typical spinal nerves.
AB  - Typical spinal nerves have six cutaneous branches which reach to the skin of the
      body wall in the thorax and abdomen. Each of these six cutaneous branches
      correlates to an acupuncture point. This communication describes acupuncture
      points found in the thoracic and abdominal walls using anatomic nomenclature
      relating to cutaneous branches of the spinal nerves.

PMID- 4025215
TI  - Acupuncture points of the brachial plexus.
AB  - This publication is the third of a total of six papers intended to name
      acupuncture points following the anatomic nomenclatures. In the first
      publication, acupuncture points in the head are named using terminal branches of
      the trigeminal nerve and the muscles of facial expression. In the second
      publication, acupuncture points in the neck are named using the cutaneous nerves
      of the cervical plexus and neuromuscular attachments formed by the spinal
      accessory nerve on the trapezius muscle. In this third publication, acupuncture
      points existing on the upper limbs are described following the terminal branches
      of the brachial plexus.

PMID- 4025216
TI  - Alternations of Clonorchis sinensis EPG by administration of herbs in rabbits.
AB  - In order to investigate clonorchicidal activity in vivo, boiled water extracts of
      32 species of clonorchicidal raw drugs in vitro were orally administered into
      rabbits infected with Clonorchis sinensis. The results of the observation of EPG
      variation were as follows: Suppression effects of egg-laying capacity from the
      rabbits administered Prunus mume and Inula helenium were greatest. Those from
      Dictamnus dasycarpus and Saussurea lappa were somewhat effective. Machilus
      thunbergii and Cassia obutusifolia, however, were less effective.

PMID- 4025217
TI  - The effects of Ba-wei-wan (hachimijiogan) on plasma levels of high density
      lipoprotein-cholesterol and lipoperoxide in aged individuals.
AB  - Ba-wei-wan was administered for 7 months to 24 aged, non-hospitalized subjects.
      Laboratory examinations showed an improvement in serum or plasma levels of total
      lipid, LPO and HDL-C. Other blood examinations were shown to be unaffected by the
      treatment. To reconfirm the effects of Ba-wei-wan on lipid metabolism, the three
      step administration of the drug was employed. The elevation of HDL-C levels and
      the decrease of LPO levels were obtained by this treatment. The discontinuation
      of this drug induced the converse effect on the plasma levels; decreased HDL-C
      and increased LPO. It could be concluded from these results that Ba-wei-wan
      administration improved the lipid metabolism in the aged subjects.

PMID- 4025218
TI  - Quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in fresh Panax ginseng.
AB  - TLC, DCC and HPLC were used to study the ginsenoside composition of the main
      root, lateral root, rhizome, leaves and seeds of Panax ginseng cultivated in
      Jilin, China. Each of these methods has advantages of its own and the ensemble
      reveal the special features of Jilin ginseng. Total saponin content of various
      plant parts in Jilin ginseng showed a mid-range value as compared to those in
      ginsengs reported in literature. Fresh as well as sun-dried specimens from the
      same batch possessed a high percentage of Rg1 in the main root and this might
      account for the traditional preference of this plant part despite its lowest
      percentage of saponin in the whole plant. Large amounts of polar saponins were
      also observed in roots and rhizome of fresh Jilin ginseng, the nature and
      significance of which remained to be investigated.

PMID- 4025219
TI  - Ginsenoside compositions of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer tissue culture and juice.
AB  - By TLC, DCC and HPLC analysis, ginsenoside compositions of ginseng tissue culture
      and juice showed distinct features of fresh materials by a high proportion of
      "polar saponins" and low panaxadiol/panaxatriol ratio.

PMID- 4025220
TI  - Myelodysplasia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Certain new hematologic findings in eight homosexual or bisexual patients with
      the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are presented. All eight patients
      manifested a normochromic, normocytic anemia, and six of eight had
      granulocytopenia during their hospitalization. The other two had low-normal
      granulocyte counts. Bone marrow examination showed normocellular or hypercellular
      marrows with increased myeloid: erythroid ratios and increased numbers of
      megakaryocytes. All patients had abnormalities in maturation of all cell lines,
      most prominent in the granulocytic series. This constellation of features is
      similar to the findings in the myelodysplastic syndromes (preleukemia). The
      authors suggest that myelodysplasia in patients with AIDS results in ineffective
      hematopoiesis and contributes to the peripheral blood cytopenias found in these
      patients. Myelodysplasia could be a direct or indirect effect of human T
      lymphotropic retrovirus-III (HTLV-III).

PMID- 4025221
TI  - Fluorometric assay of antithrombin III. Diagnostic value in 112 patients with
      abnormal hemostasis.
AB  - The authors assessed the diagnostic value of the plasma anti-thrombin III (AT
      III) assay in 112 adult hospitalized patients with abnormal hemostatic
      parameters, using the Protopath procedure. In 100 patients tested only once, low
      AT III was observed in 25 of 29 cases of acute disseminated intravascular
      coagulation (DIC); 7 of 10 with infections; 8 of 11 with acute liver disease; 19
      of 20 with chronic liver disease; and 16 of 30 with other illnesses. The authors
      conclude that the assay cannot distinguish among disease categories, although it
      is a sensitive index of DIC. AT III was also repeatedly measured at various time
      intervals in 12 additional patients. The results suggest enhancement of the
      diagnostic and prognostic value of the assay with serial testing.

PMID- 4025222
TI  - Acute thrombotic complications of myeloproliferative disorders in young adults.
AB  - Two young adults with myeloproliferative disease had recurrent thrombotic
      episodes, which were life threatening or associated with a risk of serious
      disability. Both patients were treated for arterial occlusive disease, and
      treatment in one instance reversed spastic paraplegia. During a subsequent two
      year period of observation, they have remained symptom free. During that time
      they have been treated with aspirin, and platelet counts have been maintained at
      one million/mm3 or less.

PMID- 4025223
TI  - Calibration bias and imprecision for automated hematology analyzers. An
      evaluation of significance of short-term bias resulting from calibration of an
      analyzer with S Cal.
AB  - A Coulter S + IV analyzer was used both before and after recalibration with S Cal
      to analyze a series of patient blood specimens and stabilized control specimens.
      A statistically significant bias was introduced as compared with results on the
      same analyzer calibrated to fresh whole blood, but the degree of bias did not
      appear to approach medical significance when compared with two external
      theoretical models for determining acceptable bias in hematology analysis. Long
      term bias accumulation on analyzers calibrated to control or stabilized
      calibration material remains a problem that must be addressed by further study.

PMID- 4025224
TI  - A simple and practical technic for detecting cancer cells in urine and urinary
      bladder washings by flow cytometry.
AB  - DNA measurement by flow cytometry has been demonstrated to be a potentially
      useful technic in the diagnosis of bladder cancer by detecting neoplastic cells
      in bladder washings and urine specimens. The authors' goal was to develop a
      simple and practical method utilizing the new generation of cytofluorographs
      designed for use in the clinical laboratory. This method combined direct fixation
      with cell lysis yielding fixed intact nuclei. Following RNase and pepsin
      digestion, the nuclei were separated from debris and aggregates on a sucrose
      barrier, stained with ethidium bromide, and analyzed with an argon laser analytic
      cytofluorograph. Urines and bladder washings from 14 patients with positive
      urinary cytology and histologically diagnosed bladder cancers were compared with
      specimens from patients without urothelial malignancies. DNA histograms clearly
      delineated aneuploid from diploid populations and often identified S, G2M, and G1
      phase nuclei. Aneuploid populations have been detected in all tumor specimens
      with positive cytologies studied to date.

PMID- 4025225
TI  - The flexible budget process--a tool for cost containment.
AB  - This past year the authors have been using a new tool to examine and monitor
      their laboratory's expenditures. Called "flexible budgeting," this process has
      been used to analyze the cost behavior of all operating expenses, establish
      budget levels for different levels of activity, and monitor activity based on
      relative cost rather than simply the number of tests performed. The authors'
      experience has shown that this tool provides much more information than previous
      procedures. However, better methods need to be developed for monitoring
      expenditures so that this information can be used effectively.

PMID- 4025226
TI  - Is pain crisis a cause of death in sickle cell disease?
AB  - It has been a matter of controversy as to whether patients with sickle cell
      disease die of crisis or merely in crisis. The authors reviewed the 74 patients
      with sickle cell disease autopsied at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. From clinical
      review, there were 20 (27%) who died with pain crisis, 51 (69%) who died without
      pain crisis, and 3 (4%) for whom documentation was insufficient. On pathology
      review, death was attributable to infection in 19 (26%), uremia in 9 (12%),
      sequestration crisis in 9 (12%), necrotic bone marrow emboli in 7 (9%), and
      miscellaneous causes in 14 (19%); in 16 (22%) patients no cause of death could be
      identified. Death was explained in 47/51 (92%) patients without pain crisis; but
      only in 11/20 (55%, P less than 0.01) patients dying in pain crisis. The
      disproportionately large number of patients dying in pain crisis with an
      unexplained cause of death suggests that pain crisis may account for the death of
      some patients with sickle cell disease.

PMID- 4025227
TI  - The use of the cytocentrifuge in the diagnosis of meningitis.
AB  - A retrospective case-control records review was conducted to determine the
      usefulness of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytocentrifuge in the diagnosis of
      meningitis. Over a two-year period, 7,114 records were reviewed, from which 53
      cases of aseptic meningitis (AM) and 22 cases of bacterial meningitis (BM) were
      obtained. Twenty-four cases, judged to be free of meningeal disease, obtained
      during a three-week period in July 1982, were used as controls. The mean percent
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes by cytocentrifuge was 14.5% +/- 25.4% in controls,
      34.2% +/- 29.6% in AM patients, and 86.4% +/- 13.3% in BM patients. Statistically
      significant differences existed between the means of each group when compared
      overall (P less than 0.001) and when each group's mean was compared pair-wise to
      the two other group means in the study (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.001).
      Knowledge of the percent PMNs by cytocentrifuge may be useful in distinguishing
      patients with meningitis, particularly bacterial, from those free of meningeal
      disease.

PMID- 4025228
TI  - Nevus cells within lymph nodes. Possible metastases from a benign intradermal
      nevus.
AB  - Two axillary lymph nodes from a patient who underwent modified radical mastectomy
      for carcinoma of the breast showed benign nevus cells in the fibrous capsule and
      within afferent lymphatics. Subsequently, an intradermal nevus from the area of
      drainage of the axillary lymph nodes was excised, which showed groups of nevus
      cells lying within small lymphatic channels. It is postulated that the nevus
      cells in the lymph node capsule could represent benign metastases from the
      intradermal nevus.

PMID- 4025229
TI  - Human eastern equine encephalitis. Electron microscopic study of a brain biopsy.
AB  - An electron microscopic study was done on brain biopsy tissue from an eight-month
      old female with acute eastern equine encephalitis diagnosed by indirect
      immunofluorescence. Rare clusters of round virions were found almost exclusively
      in the extracellular space. All virions observed had spiked envelopes, and their
      sizes averaged approximately 55 nm. Also found were rare enveloped virions along
      with degenerate organelles in a membrane-bound structure in the cytoplasm of
      macrophages. Intracytoplasmic development of virions was not found.
      Tubuloreticular complexes were seen in the endothelial cells and macrophages.
      This is the first report of an electron microscopic study on biopsy material from
      a case of human eastern equine encephalitis. It will extend the usefulness of
      brain biopsy in the diagnosis of acute encephalitis.

PMID- 4025230
TI  - Detection of circulating T-activating enzyme in the serum of a patient having
      hemolytic-uremic syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
AB  - A three-and-a-half-year old boy suffering from streptococcal pneumonia developed
      hemolytic-uremic syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). His
      red blood cells (RBC) were shown to be T- and Tk-activated; serial testing showed
      his mature RBCs as well as neocytes remained T-activated at 40 days. Anti-T was
      detected in his serum, with only one of two T-activated RBC samples. T-activating
      enzyme was shown to be present in his serum.

PMID- 4025231
TI  - Acquired Pelger-Huet anomaly associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
AB  - A case report of a healthy 33-year-old man with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
      who concomitantly had the acquired Pelger-Huet anomaly develop is presented. Up
      to 31% of his total white blood cell count was comprised of Pelger-Huet cells at
      the height of his clinical illness. The Pelger-Huet cell count returned to 0%
      after doxycycline therapy and resolution of the pneumonia. No other explanation
      for the Pelger-Huet anomaly could be determined. A review of the pertinent
      hematologic literature is included.

PMID- 4025232
TI  - Falsely elevated serum creatinine levels secondary to the presence of 5
      fluorocytosine.
AB  - The Kodak Ektachem (Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY) is a new clinical chemistry
      analyzer that uses an enzymatic method to measure creatinine. The authors report
      the case of a patient with falsely elevated creatinine levels that were caused by
      the presence of 5-fluorocytosine. A review of the literature confirmed that this
      can occur, but well documented reports are not found. In order to determine the
      magnitude of this interference, the authors plotted creatinine levels versus 5-FC
      concentration. Significant interference is seen with therapeutic levels of 5-FC.
      Both clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this phenomenon.

PMID- 4025233
TI  - Marijuana and fungal infection.

PMID- 4025234
TI  - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma tumor of the rectum--discard the term?

PMID- 4025235
TI  - mHz, not Hz (in the interest of science)

PMID- 4025236
TI  - Morphometric studies need review by statisticians.

PMID- 4025237
TI  - Morphology of follicular centers in persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 4025238
TI  - Prolonged Simplate bleeding time in hemophilia A: a relationship to age?

PMID- 4025239
TI  - Duplicate coagulation assays warranted.

PMID- 4025240
TI  - Usefulness of tests for bacteriuria--my conclusions differ.

PMID- 4025241
TI  - The 1984 Division 27 award for distinguished contributions to community
      psychology and community mental health: George Spivack and Myrna B. Shure.

PMID- 4025242
TI  - ICPS and beyond: centripetal and centrifugal forces.

PMID- 4025243
TI  - Decision making and job satisfaction among youth workers in community-based
      agencies.
AB  - Sixty-four counselors and 32 alternative school teachers in 13 grass-roots
      agencies reported on levels of participation, influence, and competence in making
      clinical and administrative decisions. The data supported predictions that (a)
      professionals would report greater decision-making opportunities and abilities
      than nonprofessionals, and (b) that workers in general would report higher levels
      of participation, influence, and competence in clinical than in administrative
      domains, and higher levels of competence than influence in both domains. However,
      regression analyses testing the effects of the decision-making variables on
      different aspects of job satisfaction did not support predicted interactions
      among participation, influence, and competence. Rather, decision-making
      involvements had positive effects and decision-making abilities had negative
      effects on worker morale. The discussion high-lights the need for further
      research to identify the underlying processes involved in the observed
      relationships.

PMID- 4025244
TI  - Crisis prevention and intervention training for psychiatric hospital staff.
AB  - A 5-day course designed to train psychiatric hospital staff verbal and physical
      methods of preventing violence and injury when dealing with upset patients was
      taught to 89 staff from maximum and less secure wards. Compared to no-treatment
      controls, experimental subjects improved significantly on four tests of crisis
      related tests and knowledge. Questionnaire and self-report measures from staff
      and patients on the training wards also indicated positive course effects.
      Assault frequencies decreased immediately after the course and staff injuries on
      experimental wards were reduced after the course relative to control wards.

PMID- 4025246
TI  - Duplicate publication: who is at fault?

PMID- 4025247
TI  - Duplicate publication and the pursuit of correct references.

PMID- 4025245
TI  - Mass inoculation in a community: the effect of primary prevention of stress
      reactions.
AB  - This study assessed the effectiveness of a brief, situation-specific, group
      administered preparatory intervention in a nonclient school population undergoing
      mass inoculation against rubella. Fifty-one girls were randomly assigned to
      practice, no-practice, or control groups. Both the practice and the no-practice
      groups received information that described the inoculation procedure and how to
      cope with it by using cognitive-behavioral coping skills. The practice group was
      encouraged to perform coping techniques of this type, whereas the no-practice
      group was told only that the intervention would help them during the inoculation.
      Subjects in both practice and no-practice groups reported less anxiety and
      exhibited more cooperative behavior during inoculation than subjects in the
      control group, and those who were guided and prompted to actively practice
      derived greater benefit.

PMID- 4025248
TI  - The education and evaluation of the pediatric resident.

PMID- 4025249
TI  - Shampoo urethritis.

PMID- 4025250
TI  - Naloxone in hepatic encephalopathy.

PMID- 4025251
TI  - RBC transfusion in premature infants.

PMID- 4025252
TI  - Subacute symmetrical osteomyelitis.

PMID- 4025253
TI  - Implication of Yersinia species in primary peritonitis.

PMID- 4025254
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri following treatment of hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4025255
TI  - The developmental process of residency education. Issues of stress and happiness.

PMID- 4025256
TI  - Kawasaki syndrome. Is exposure to rug shampoo important?
AB  - In the winter of 1982-1983, two clusters of cases of Kawasaki syndrome (KS)
      provided an opportunity to examine further the possible association among KS,
      antecedent illnesses, and carpet shampooing and related activities. The two
      clusters involved 16 patients with onsets between October and January, with seven
      cases occurring in two adjacent counties in New York (Herkimer and Oneida) and
      nine in Kent County, Michigan. None of the 11 children with KS included in a case
      control study had been exposed to shampooed carpets during the month prior to the
      onset of KS. Only four (36%) of 11 children with KS, compared with 13 (59%) of 22
      control subjects, reported a respiratory antecedent illness within 30 days prior
      to the onset of KS (odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence limits = 0.12 to 2.03). The
      previously observed associations of KS with antecedent respiratory illness and
      carpet shampooing remain unexplained and undocumented in these outbreaks.

PMID- 4025258
TI  - Perception of toxicity and dose by 3- and 4-year-old children.
AB  - Three and 4-year-old children from two suburban preschools were individually
      interviewed to assess their knowledge of the effects of ingesting a household
      product, a candy, and a common drug. Most children understood that scouring
      cleanser was toxic. Children reported that candy was safe to eat, even in large
      amounts. However, vitamins were not perceived by all children as having a dose
      related toxicity. This understanding developed with age, and boys were better
      than girls at differentiating between a usual and an excessive dose of vitamins.
      One overdose occurred, perhaps because of an increase in the child's interest in
      vitamins after the interview. More research is needed to broaden our
      understanding of children's knowledge of the toxicity of poisons. The results of
      the present study provided information needed for the formulation of educational
      objectives for a preschool poison prevention program. We believe the primary
      message is that nothing should be eaten unless it is approved by an adult.

PMID- 4025257
TI  - Risk factors for neonatal hyperglycemia associated with 10% dextrose infusion.
AB  - As part of an intensive drug surveillance program, we identified rates and
      associated risk factors for hyperglycemia related to intravenous 10% dextrose
      solution in a population of 1,157 newborns in two neonatal intensive care units.
      Hyperglycemia related to 10% dextrose solution was observed in 64 exposed infants
      (5.5%), a rate similar to that observed for hypoglycemia (6.7%) in this
      population. There was a highly significant trend toward an increasing risk of
      hyperglycemia with decreasing body weight, such that the risk of hyperglycemia
      among infants weighing less than 1,000 g was 18 times greater than the risk among
      infants weighing more than 2,000 g. The risk of hyperglycemia also increased with
      increasing dextrose dose. The effects of weight and dose were independent.
      Certain measures of disease severity also were associated with increased risks of
      hyperglycemia. Because increases in blood glucose levels may affect renal
      function or possibly lead to intraventricular hemorrhage, it is important that
      glucose levels in neonates receiving 10% dextrose solution be carefully
      monitored, and the total dextrose dose be adjusted accordingly.

PMID- 4025259
TI  - Radiological case of the month. Carpal-tarsal osteolysis.

PMID- 4025260
TI  - Upper- vs lower-limb systolic blood pressure in full-term normal newborns.
AB  - The difference between upper- vs lower-limb systolic blood pressure (BP) was
      investigated in 100 normal full-term newborns younger than 24 hours of age by the
      oscillometric method. The mean systolic BP of both upper limbs was 72.3 +/- 7.6
      mm Hg (mean +/- SD). The mean +/- SD systolic BP of both lower limbs was 71.3 +/-
      8.2 mm Hg. Systolic BP in the upper limb was greater than that in the lower limb
      in 66% of newborns by as much as 20 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, 3.5 +/- 3.1). Systolic
      upper-limb BP was lower than systolic lower-limb BP in 28% of newborns by as much
      as 21 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, 5.1 +/- 5.1). Systolic BP did not correlate with birth
      weight. Follow-up evaluation of BP in 25 of the infants up to 3 years of age
      revealed higher systolic BP in the lower extremities in 24 of the 25 infants. We
      conclude that (1) it is normal to have a higher systolic BP in either the upper
      limb or the lower limb in newborns younger than 24 hours of age, and (2) there is
      no correlation of systolic BP with birth weight in full-term normal neonates
      younger than 24 hours of age.

PMID- 4025261
TI  - Clostridium difficile in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - One hundred seven patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 54 other patients with
      risk factors for Clostridium difficile-associated disease were entered into a
      bacteriologic study to compare the rate of recovery of C difficile and cytotoxin
      in feces with occurrence of diarrhea and to investigate potentially protective or
      permissive relationships of fecal flora. Toxigenic C difficile was recovered from
      22% of CF patients and 11% of patients with other diagnoses. Unlike the latter
      group, the majority (12/15) of CF patients who had cytotoxin recovered had formed
      stools and no history of diarrhea. Explanations for the lack of symptoms are
      speculative. Stool flora of CF patients was significantly more likely to include
      several bacteria with known inhibitory effects on C difficile. Recovery of C
      difficile and cytotoxin, however, was not associated with the decrease in rate of
      recovery or the mean bacterial count of any bacterium of fecal flora.

PMID- 4025262
TI  - The relationship of mode of infant feeding and location of care to frequency of
      infection.
AB  - During one year 200 healthy, full-term infants were followed up prospectively for
      frequency of infection. Infants were categorized by mode of feeding--breast,
      breast-and-bottle, or bottle--and were subcategorized by location of care and by
      number of siblings in the home. The average number of infections in infants fed
      in a day-care or sitter location was 35% greater than that in infants fed at
      home. The mode of feeding had no bearing on the frequency of infection.

PMID- 4025264
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity assessed by Multitest CMI skin testing in infants and
      preschool children.
AB  - Two hundred twenty-one healthy children, from 6 months to 7 years of age, were
      tested for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) by the Multitest CMI (cell
      mediated immunity) (Merieux Institute, Miami). This device permits the
      simultaneous application of seven standardized recall antigens and a glycerol
      diluent control. Younger children were tested on the back and older children on
      the volar surface of the forearm. Only 6.8% of the children were anergic, and
      most of them (11/15) were female. The DTH responses were present for one or more
      antigens in 93% of the infants. The DTH responses increased tremendously during
      the second year of life and increased slowly thereafter. A relatively high
      incidence of positive reactions was found for three of the tested antigens-
      diphtheria toxoid (79%), tetanus toxoid (62%), and Proteus (57%), in children in
      the preschool years, and accounted for three fourths of all positive reactions.
      Much lower levels were found for Streptococcus (25%), Candida (16%), Trichophyton
      (5%), and tuberculin (4%). Measurement of DTH by the standardized Multitest CMI
      system seems to be a convenient and reliable tool for assessing CMI function in
      infants and small children. The tool permitted us to measure patterns of DTH
      responses from infancy onward in a healthy population and to develop index values
      in a normal reference population with which any tested preschool child can be
      compared.

PMID- 4025263
TI  - Pattern of bacterial infections in homozygous sickle cell disease. A report from
      Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading pathogen in children with sickle cell
      disease. Forty children younger than 20 years of age who had sickle cell disease
      and septicemia, meningitis, or osteomyelitis/septic arthritis were identified.
      The causes included Streptococcus pneumoniae (20%) and gram-negative organisms
      (mainly Salmonella) (70%). The gram-negative infections occurred in the first
      decade of life in 45% of our patients. We believe that this pattern of infection
      is different and related to the mild nature of sickle cell disease in our
      patients and to their persistent splenic function. The administration of
      pneumococcal vaccination may also have played a role. Microinfarcts of the
      intestinal wall allow the access of gram-negative organisms to the circulation.
      In places where gastrointestinal tract infections, especially Salmonella, are
      common, antibiotic therapy effective against these organisms is recommended
      initially with adjustment after identification and sensitivities are known.

PMID- 4025265
TI  - Rationale of identification based on biological factors of the dentition.
AB  - Dental traits in the nature of form and size of fissures, cusps, and pits often
      reflect genetic and phylogenetic interactions in growth and development that are
      common to other individuals and serve a useful purpose in identification.

PMID- 4025266
TI  - Malignant hyperpyrexia and sudden death.
AB  - Two teenage boys, brothers, died suddenly within 2 months of each other. No clear
      cause of death could be identified in either case. Because of previous reports of
      the association between malignant hyperpyrexia and sudden death in otherwise
      healthy young men, we examined the parents. The father was found to be malignant
      hyperpyrexia-susceptible.

PMID- 4025267
TI  - Wrapped to death. Unusual autoerotic death.
AB  - Despite the large population of New Orleans, including many homosexual and
      transsexuals, there have been relatively few cases of autoerotic deaths. The case
      reported here is an interesting one as it includes a bizarre form of autoerotic
      behavior from the standpoint of the method used. There have been no deaths
      reported in the literature in which the victim died as a result of jeopardizing
      himself by enclosing his body into plastic with an airway out of his "cocoon" in
      the form of a snorkel tube. He was engaged in masturbation when he apparently
      lost his mouth piece or airway. He attempted to use a knife to cut himself out.

PMID- 4025268
TI  - Sudden unexpected death due to atherosclerotic coronary artery aneurysm.
AB  - The case of a 34-year-old white male who died suddenly and unexpectedly of a
      thrombosed coronary artery aneurysm is presented. Coronary artery aneurysms have
      a prevalence of approximately 2%; over half of these are caused by
      atherosclerosis with the remainder due to syphilis, infections, trauma,
      congenital malformations, vasculitis, neoplasms, and connective tissue disorders
      (Ehlers-Danlos and Marfan's syndromes). Replacement of the media by
      atherosclerotic debris is the cause of atherosclerotic aneurysms. Complications
      include rupture and thrombosis. Sudden death has been reported in eight other
      cases of atherosclerotic aneurysms; sudden unexpected death as the presenting
      symptom of atherosclerotic coronary artery aneurysm, as in our case, is rare.

PMID- 4025269
TI  - Sudden asphyxial death due to an esophageal leiomyoma.
AB  - An exceedingly rare case of an esophageal leiomyoma causing sudden death by
      asphyxiation due to tracheal compression is presented. A brief discussion of
      esophageal leiomyomata is included.

PMID- 4025270
TI  - Injuries to pathologically changed cervical vertebrae.
AB  - Three cases of fatal injuries to the upper cervical spinal cord and underlying
      cervical spine pathology are presented. It is stressed that the slightest
      suspicion concerning injuries to the upper part of the neck must lead not only to
      microscopic examination of the cervical spinal cord and medulla oblongata, but
      also to careful preparation (or maceration) of the upper cervical spine, in order
      not to overlook fractures or misinterpret old fractures and diseases as fresh
      fractures.

PMID- 4025271
TI  - Procedure in identifying fingernail imprint in human skin survives appellate
      review.
AB  - A case of first impression involving the identification of the person whose
      fingernail left an imprint on the neck of a child murder victim has survived
      appeal to the Pennsylvania Superior Court. The appeals court, in an opinion which
      includes a number of incongruous features, approved the trial court's admission
      of scientific testimony matching an accused's fingernail to the impression left
      in the child's neck, apparently during his being manually strangled.

PMID- 4025272
TI  - Concepts in survival from lethal handgun wounds.
AB  - Autopsy cases of deaths from handgun wounds were studied. Survival times were
      estimated from time of the incident until the time of pronouncement on police
      reports. Two groups were apparent--short-term and non-short-term survivors. These
      groups were compared statistically with respect to age, race, sex, Spanish
      surname, alcohol, drugs detected at autopsy, caliber of projectile, frequency of
      shots, and location of injury.

PMID- 4025273
TI  - Sudden death associated with pericardial impact.

PMID- 4025274
TI  - Murder in Taiwan.

PMID- 4025275
TI  - Return of peristalsis in achalasia after pneumatic dilatation.
AB  - Distally progressive contraction waves were demonstrated in seven of 34 (20%)
      patients with achalasia, successfully treated with pneumatic dilatation. There
      was no correlation between the appearance of such waves and clinical status, the
      decrease in lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure, or in the
      radiographically measured diameter of their esophagus. Return of these waves
      cannot be adequately explained by the "common cavity phenomenon."

PMID- 4025276
TI  - Pathology of gastrointestinal tract in chronic hemodialysis patients: an autopsy
      study of 78 cases.
AB  - The pathological data obtained from postmortem examination of the
      gastrointestinal tract in 78 chronic hemodialysis patients are reported. All but
      two of the patients exhibited some gastrointestinal abnormalities. Multiple
      abnormalities often coexisted in one individual. Esophagitis, gastritis,
      duodenitis, enteritis, and colitis were seen with considerable frequency.
      However, extensive hemorrhagic, ulcerative, and pseudomembranous lesions
      frequently seen in untreated uremia were generally lacking. Evidence of peptic
      ulcer disease was found in one-fourth of the patients confirming the increased
      predisposition of dialysis patients to this complication. Several patients
      exhibited various ischemic phenomena including thrombosis, embolism, and
      infarction of various segments of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition,
      numerous other abnormalities were found throughout the gastrointestinal tract
      with lesser frequency. The data indicate that various gastrointestinal
      abnormalities commonly occur in patients with endstage renal disease despite
      uremia control by hemodialysis. However, the observed abnormalities are different
      from those reported in untreated uremia.

PMID- 4025277
TI  - Clinical course and evolution of erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum in
      chronic ulcerative colitis: a study of 42 patients.
AB  - The authors examined 1132 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) seen at
      the Cleveland Clinic to clarify the relationship between the clinical features of
      colitis and the incidence and severity of erythema nodosum (EN) and pyoderma
      gangrenosum (PG). There were 21 patients (2%) with EN and 21 (2%) with PG, both
      of which affected those with active and extensive colitis. CUC was inactive in
      only 10% of the EN group and 20% of the PG group; it was left-sided in 20% of the
      EN group and 15% of the PG group. The mean duration of CUC before the appearance
      of EN and PG was 5 and 10 years, respectively. Three patients had consulted a
      dermatologist for PG before a clinical diagnosis of CUC was made. EN and PG
      recurred in 20 and 33% of cases, respectively. EN appeared almost exclusively on
      the legs, while PG appeared on various areas of the skin, including the site of
      ileostomy in one patient. EN was controlled with adequate medical or surgical
      treatment of CUC, but PG was relatively refractory, requiring specific treatment
      of its own in 30% of patients. In one case each, EN and PG recurred after
      subtotal colectomy but had resolved completely after proctectomy. In one patient,
      PG developed for the first time 1 year after total colectomy. Less than half of
      EN patients and two-thirds of PG patients ultimately had to undergo colectomy
      because of bowel disease. No patient required colectomy because of skin lesions.

PMID- 4025278
TI  - Does bacteremia occur during flexible sigmoidoscopy?
AB  - Up to 10% of patients may have bacteremia after rigid sigmoidoscopy. The aim of
      our study was to determine the frequency of bacteremia accompanying flexible
      sigmoidoscopy. Blood samples for aerobic and anaerobic cultures were obtained
      before, during, and after flexible sigmoidoscopy in 100 patients who were
      examined a mean distance of 49.5 cm, range 15-60 cm, after a bowel preparation of
      two Fleet enemas. In one patient, a transient bacteremia with Streptococcus
      intermedius was documented and was attended by no associated clinical
      manifestations. This organism has been previously isolated from patients with
      endocarditis, peritonitis, emphysema, and hepatic and appendiceal abscesses.
      There was no association in our study with bacteremia and such factors as length
      of bowel examined and duration of procedure, the presence of bowel pathology,
      performance of endoscopic biopsies, liver disease, and portal hypertension or
      poor bowel preparation. We conclude that the extremely low incidence of
      significant bacteremia with flexible sigmoidoscopy may be related to the smaller
      diameter of the instrument and provides further support for the routine use of
      flexible rather than rigid sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 4025279
TI  - Superior mesenteric venous aneurysm.
AB  - A patient presented with recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Celiac and
      superior mesenteric angiography showed a superior mesenteric venous aneurysm, a
      normal-sized liver, an enlarged spleen, and esophageal varices. The patient gave
      no history of hepatitis or alcoholism. It is concluded that the portal
      hypertension was secondary to aneurysm of the superior mesenteric vein. Aneurysms
      of the portal venous system can cause chronic portal hypertension due to
      alteration of blood flow. We believe this to be the second case reported in the
      English literature of a superior mesenteric venous aneurysm.

PMID- 4025281
TI  - Choledochal cyst--clinical features and classification.

PMID- 4025280
TI  - Relapsing acute pancreatitis as the presenting manifestation of an ampullary
      neoplasm in a patient with familial polyposis coli.
AB  - The incidence of periampullary carcinoma is increased in patients with familial
      polyposis coli or the Gardner syndrome. Patients with familial polyposis coli and
      ampullary tumors usually present with obstructive jaundice or abdominal pain. We
      report the case of a 41-year-old woman with the Gardner syndrome in whom
      relapsing acute pancreatitis was the presenting manifestation of an ampullary
      neoplasm. A diagnosis of ampullary neoplasm should be considered in any patient
      with familial polyposis coli or the Gardner syndrome and pancreatitis, even in
      cases of relapsing acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 4025282
TI  - Preoperative complications of gallstones and their relevance to treatment and
      prognosis: experience with 451 cases.
AB  - Of 451 patients with cholelithiasis, 273 suffered from 396 preoperative
      complications; the common ones were acute cholecystitis (n = 120), jaundice (n =
      135), and acute pancreatitis (n = 52). Of the 195 patients under the age of 50
      years 48% had complications, compared with 70% of the 256 above the age of 50
      years. For acute cholecystitis and acute pancreatitis, an interval
      cholecystectomy was carried out 3-6 wk after initial conservative treatment.
      Except in the 33 cases with obstructive jaundice of indeterminate etiology (n =
      15) or jaundice associated with uncontrollable cholangitis (n = 18), surgery in
      icteric patients was deferred until serum bilirubin became normal or reached a
      plateau. Routine intraoperative radiology detected unsuspected stones in common
      bile ducts in 11 cases. In all, 139 choledochotomies were carried out; the
      frequency of ductal exploration rose after the age 50 years. Operative
      elimination of sphincter of Oddi (by sphincteroplasty or by
      choledochoduodenostomy) was required in 82 cases. Bile culture was positive in
      only 17 of 178 cases without preoperative complications but in 97 of 273 with
      preoperative complications. Of the 21 cases who died, 19 had preoperative
      complications and 66% had positive bile culture. Nine of 139 requiring
      choledochotomy died. Mortality after 60 years was 15 of 119.

PMID- 4025284
TI  - Who should do gastrointestinal endoscopy?

PMID- 4025283
TI  - Cholecystoduodenal fistula.
AB  - An elderly woman with a history of cholelithiasis was seen for right upper
      quadrant pain and jaundice. During her evaluation, she was found to have
      extensive choledocholithiasis and a cholecystoduodenal fistula. Successful
      management was accomplished with cholecystectomy, removal of the common bile duct
      stones, and by creating a choledochoduodenostomy where the fistula had been
      present.

PMID- 4025285
TI  - Clinical efficacy of oral 5-aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of inflammatory
      bowel disease.

PMID- 4025286
TI  - Lifetime occupational exercise and colon cancer.
AB  - The authors used data on patients aged 30-79 years admitted to the Roswell Park
      Memorial Institute in Buffalo, New York, 1957-1965, to compare the amount of
      lifetime occupational physical activity for 210 white male patients with cancer
      of the colon and 276 white male patients with cancer of the rectum to the
      lifetime occupational physical exercise of 1,431 patients with nonneoplastic
      nondigestive diseases. The authors found that risk of cancer of the colon
      increased with increasing amount and proportion of time in jobs involving only
      sedentary or light work. This relationship was not found for rectal cancer. These
      findings corroborate those of Garabrant et al. (Am J Epidemiol 1984; 119:1005
      14). The strength of the associations presented here and the dose-response
      relationship indicate that limited physical activity could be an important
      etiologic factor. More inquiries need to be undertaken to study exercise in
      relation to other factors, such as diet, in colon cancer risk.

PMID- 4025287
TI  - Ethnic differences in blood pressure and heart rate of Chicago school children.
AB  - In 1975-1978, the Chicago Department of Health conducted a screening program that
      included measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, height, weight, triceps
      skinfold thickness, and arm circumference, and calculation of body mass index and
      muscle circumference for non-public school children. Based on data on 4,086 boys
      and girls aged 5-10 years from the program, this study examined the ethnic
      differences in blood pressure and heart rate among children of white, black,
      Latino, and Oriental ethnicity. Mean levels for both systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure were higher for Oriental and black children than for white and Latino
      children. These differences were independent of age, height, weight, and skinfold
      thickness. The black children had a much lower mean heart rate than the other
      children. A seasonal variation was observed for systolic blood pressure, i.e.,
      with each sex group, the mean systolic blood pressure adjusted for age, skinfold
      thickness, and height tended to be higher in spring than in fall and winter.
      (Note-- no child was screened during the summer because of summer break.) With
      control for season, ethnic differences in systolic blood pressure disappeared,
      but not the ethnic differences in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate.

PMID- 4025288
TI  - Trace metals and coronary heart disease risk indicators in 152 elderly men (the
      Zutphen Study).
AB  - Information about trace metals and coronary heart disease risk indicators was
      collected in 1977 among 152 men aged 57-76 years in the town of Zutphen, the
      Netherlands. Serum zinc, serum copper, blood cadmium, and blood lead were
      determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and serum lithium by flame emission
      spectrometry. After uni- and multivariate regression analysis, the following
      statistically significant relations were found: serum zinc was inversely related
      to resting heart rate; serum copper was positively related to cigarette smoking
      and inversely to high density lipoprotein cholesterol; blood cadmium was strongly
      positively related to cigarette smoking and inversely to Quetelet index; the
      positive relation between blood lead and cigarette smoking was of borderline
      significance; and blood lead was related to blood pressure, with the relation
      being stronger for systolic than for diastolic blood pressure.

PMID- 4025289
TI  - Breast cancer and the consumption of coffee.
AB  - The hypothesis has been raised that coffee consumption may increase the incidence
      of breast cancer, based on the report that fibrocystic breast disease, a risk
      factor for breast cancer, regresses after abstention from coffee and other
      methylxanthines. The relation between recent coffee consumption and the risk of
      breast cancer was evaluated in a case-control study, based on interviews
      conducted 1975-1982 at several mainly eastern US teaching and community
      hospitals. The responses of 2,651 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer were
      compared with those of 1,501 controls with nonmalignant conditions and 385
      controls with cancers at other sites. The relative risk estimates for levels of
      coffee drinking up to seven or more cups daily, relative to none, approximated
      1.0 with narrow 95% confidence intervals. After allowance for confounding, the
      relative risk estimate for drinking at least five cups a day was 1.2 (95%
      confidence interval, 0.9-1.6) using the noncancer controls and 1.1 (0.7-1.6)
      using the cancer controls. Coffee consumption was not associated with an increase
      in the risk of breast cancer among women with a history of fibrocystic breast
      disease, nor were tea or decaffeinated coffee associated with an increase in the
      risk of breast cancer. The results suggest that the recent consumption of coffee
      does not influence the incidence of breast cancer.

PMID- 4025290
TI  - A validation of two motion sensors in the prediction of child and adult physical
      activity levels.
AB  - The authors sought to assess the reliability and validity of two motion activity
      sensors in the prediction of observed physical activity levels in adults and
      children by means of two studies at North Dakota State University in Fargo, North
      Dakota. In study 1, 50 adults were observed in fall 1984 for one hour of
      recreational activity while they simultaneously wore two motion sensors: an
      activity counter (i.e., LSI Moving Activity Monitor (GMM Electronics Inc.,
      Verona, PA)) and an electronic accelerometer (i.e., Caltrac Personal Activity
      Computer (Hemokinetics, Inc., Vienna, VA)). The results indicated that both the
      activity counter (r = 0.65) and the accelerometer (r = 0.69) strongly correlated
      to observed physical activity levels. The two motion sensors also were highly
      correlated to each other (r = 0.83). A correlation of self-reports of time spent
      in various types of physical activity to observed physical activity ranged from
      0.21 to 0.88 (mean = 0.60). Study 2 evaluated these same two sensors in winter
      1984 in 30 preschool children observed in a freeplay situation. Results of this
      study indicated very modest relationships between observed physical activity
      levels and accelerometer readings (r = 0.35) and activity counter readings (r =
      0.40). The two motion sensors intercorrelated at very modest levels (r = 0.42).
      The results indicate that while both motion sensors closely corresponded to
      observed levels of physical activity in adults, neither sensor correlated
      substantively to observed levels of physical activity in children. Implications
      for validating and utilizing these sensors in epidemiologic research are
      discussed.

PMID- 4025291
TI  - Acute infections with hepatitis B virus in medical personnel during a 15-year
      follow-up.
AB  - Clinical hepatitis B among hospital staff in Sweden was studied in a 15-year
      follow-up, divided into three periods. During the first 5-year period, 1969-1973,
      756 cases of hepatitis B were reported among hospital staff, for an attack rate
      of 102.0 per 100,000 person-years. In the second five-year period, 1974-1978, the
      attack rate was 30.4, and in the last five-year period, 1979-1983, it was 10.4.
      The decrease in incidence between the first period and the second was significant
      (p less than 0.001), as was the difference between the second period and the last
      (p less than 0.01). The difference between the incidence in medical personnel and
      that in the general population of working age in the first period was significant
      at p less than 0.001 and during the last period it was significant at p less than
      0.01. No statistical significance was found during the second period, due to the
      decrease in incidence for both groups, which made the values too scattered.
      Traditionally high-risk units, such as renal dialysis units, had only three cases
      reported in the last 5-year period. An overrepresentation of males among nurses
      and nursing assistants with acute hepatitis B was found.

PMID- 4025292
TI  - Community exposure to hazardous waste disposal sites: assessing reporting bias.
AB  - A household health survey of residents living near two hazardous waste disposal
      sites in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana was conducted in 1981-1982 as part of a
      comprehensive study of the effects of those sites on the environment and on the
      health of nearby residents. An unexposed community was included in the health
      survey for comparison. Due to media coverage and public concern about the sites,
      two potential indices of reporting bias, hypochondriasis and respondent's opinion
      about the environmental effects of waste sites, were included in the survey.
      Because air and water quality data showed little evidence that hazardous
      concentrations of chemicals were being released from the sites, questions were
      raised about the interpretation of the health survey data. The data were
      analyzed, therefore, for the association between symptom reports and the
      potential indices of reporting bias. Hypochondriasis scores were associated with
      symptom reports regardless of location of residence while an individual's opinion
      showed a different pattern by area of residence. Respondents living near one of
      the waste disposal sites who answered "yes" to the opinion question were 2-3
      times more likely to report some types of symptoms than residents of the
      comparison community. In contrast, there was little difference in symptom reports
      between the exposed and comparison communities for those answering "no" to the
      opinion question. The usefulness of self-reported symptom data in studies of
      communities near hazardous waste disposal sites is discussed, and attention is
      called to the need to develop measures sensitive to reporting bias in
      epidemiologic studies.

PMID- 4025293
TI  - Is the relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk dependent on
      body mass index?
AB  - The relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality according to
      body mass index has been analyzed in two French prospective studies: the Paris
      Prospective Study, composed of 7,704 men aged 40-53 years examined in 1967-1972,
      and the Investigations Pre-Cliniques Study, made up of 19,618 men aged 40-69
      years who underwent a checkup in 1970-1980. In the Paris Prospective Study,
      during a mean follow-up of 11.2 years, 241 cardiovascular deaths occurred, while
      in the Investigations Pre-Cliniques Study, with a mean follow-up of 7.6 years,
      262 cardiovascular deaths occurred. A Cox survival analysis was performed on the
      data of each study to test the interaction of blood pressure and body mass index
      in the prediction of cardiovascular risk. Both analyses demonstrate a significant
      negative interaction, suggesting that a decreasing trend of the relative risk of
      cardiovascular death with increasing body mass index is better supported by the
      data than a constant relative risk. These results might have some bearing on the
      problem of the management of hypertension in overweight subjects.

PMID- 4025294
TI  - Physical fitness and blood pressure: the role of age.
AB  - Most epidemiologic studies have shown an inverse relationship between resting
      blood pressure and usual levels of physical fitness or activity. The inference is
      that fitness lowers blood pressure. However, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max--a
      widely accepted measure of fitness) and blood pressure are both correlated with
      age; young people usually have lower pressures and higher VO2max (ml X kg-1 X min
      1). Systolic and diastolic pressures were measured and maximal oxygen uptake was
      estimated in 184 men and 227 women aged 18-65 years who were randomly selected as
      part of a cardiovascular risk factor survey conducted in two New England cities
      between April 1981 and March 1982. Initially, both measures of blood pressure
      were strongly and inversely correlated with estimated maximal oxygen uptake.
      However, when the effects of age were partialed out, the strength of the
      correlations decreased sharply for both males and females. The proportion of the
      variance in systolic pressure explained by maximal oxygen uptake decreased from
      9.6 to 0.8% for males and 21.2 to 2.3% for females. Similar decreases were
      demonstrated for diastolic pressure in males (14.4 to 2.9%) and females (20.3 to
      2.3%). These data indicate that the frequently observed relationship between
      fitness and blood pressure is strongly influenced by age. Future research to
      specifically examine the effects of physical activity and of physical fitness on
      blood pressure is needed.

PMID- 4025295
TI  - Lipids and lipoproteins in a young adult population. The Beaver County Lipid
      Study.
AB  - Though atherosclerosis may have its origins in childhood, intervention studies on
      coronary heart disease risk factors have usually begun in older adults. Whether
      young adults exhibit similar relationships of lifestyle to coronary heart disease
      risk factors, and therefore might be suitable candidates for appropriate
      intervention, is poorly understood. The Beaver County Lipid Study is a 9-year
      follow-up study of a free-living young adult population (mean age 22 years) who
      were initially screened for hypercholesterolemia as seventh grade school
      children. This report focuses upon cross-sectional correlates of lipid and
      lipoprotein concentrations in 561 individuals (males n = 262; females n = 299) in
      1981-1982. Body mass index was positively related to low density lipoprotein
      (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides in men (r = 0.21; p less than 0.001 and r =
      0.41; p less than 0.001) and women (r = 0.16; p less than 0.001 and r = 0.20; p
      less than 0.001). Cigarette smoking was inversely associated with high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in men (r = -0.11; p less than 0.001) and women (r
      = -0.20; p less than 0.001) but positively related to triglycerides in both sexes
      (r = 0.10; p = 0.05 for men and r = 0.19; p less than 0.01 for women). Alcohol
      consumption was positively related to HDL cholesterol and triglycerides only
      among men (r = 0.19; p less than 0.001 and r = 0.12; p less than 0.05,
      respectively). Educational achievement was also positively related to HDL
      cholesterol in men (p less than 0.01) and women (p less than 0.001). Multivariate
      analyses indicate that the sex difference in LDL cholesterol was largely
      eliminated by controlling for body mass index while significant sex differences
      in both HDL cholesterol and triglycerides remained after controlling for
      covariates. Results suggest that the known associations in older adults of body
      mass index and health-related behavior with lipoproteins are well established by
      young adulthood. Early intervention particularly for obesity may help ameliorate
      some of the male excess in cardiovascular disease risk.

PMID- 4025296
TI  - Acute respiratory disease hospitalizations as a measure of impact of epidemic
      influenza.
AB  - Current measures of the health impact of epidemic influenza focus on analyses of
      death certificate data which may underestimate the true health effect. Previous
      investigations of influenza-related morbidity either have lacked virologic
      confirmation of influenza virus activity in the community or were not population
      based. Community virologic surveillance in Houston, Texas has demonstrated that
      influenza viruses have produced epidemics each year since 1974. This study
      examined the relationship of hospitalizations with acute respiratory disease to
      the occurrence of influenza epidemics. Discharge records of 13,297 acute
      respiratory disease hospitalizations that occurred between July 1978 and June
      1981 were obtained from 11 hospitals with 48.4% of hospital beds available in
      Harris County (metropolitan Houston). The correlation of adult acute respiratory
      disease hospitalizations with established indices of community acute respiratory
      disease morbidity was strong (r = 0.74) and indicated that the peak of adult
      acute respiratory disease hospitalizations followed the peak of influenza virus
      isolations by one week. Only 23.2% of persons hospitalized were 65 years of age
      or older, compared to 60-70% of persons who die during influenza epidemics.
      Although the highest rates of acute respiratory disease hospitalizations occurred
      among infants and persons aged 65 years or older, the rates for adults 45-64
      years and preschool children aged 1-4 years were greater than 1 per 1,000
      persons. Surveillance of acute respiratory disease hospitalizations can improve
      the measurement of serious morbidity associated with epidemic influenza, and can
      better define the characteristics of persons at risk for development of illness
      requiring hospitalization.

PMID- 4025297
TI  - Problems in the use of dead controls in case-control studies. II. Effect of
      excluding certain causes of death.
AB  - A recent comparison of 493 dead and 697 living controls from a case-control study
      of cancer in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area showed that the dead controls of both
      sexes were reported to have been significantly heavier consumers of cigarettes,
      hard liquor, beer, and certain drugs, and to have had more adulthood diseases
      than living controls. The present analysis examines the effect of excluding
      causes of death associated with those exposures found in excess in the dead
      controls. Exclusion of individuals with smoking-related causes of death reduced
      but did not eliminate the excess of cigarette smokers among the dead controls.
      Deletion of individuals with alcohol-related causes of death only slightly
      reduced the excess among dead controls. Adjustment for cigarette smoking,
      however, nearly eliminated the association with alcohol consumption, particularly
      among males. For certain adulthood diseases and medications, the exclusion of
      individuals with exposure-associated causes of death also virtually eliminated
      the excesses found in the dead controls when compared with the living controls.
      Thus, it appears that even after extensive exclusion of smoking-related causes of
      death, the association between dead controls and cigarette smoking still remains,
      and the use of dead controls in case-control studies where cigarette smoking is
      the risk factor being evaluated may lead to a biased underestimated of risk. For
      the other exposures found in significant excess among the dead controls, the
      exclusion of exposure-related causes of death and proper adjustment for
      confounders may eliminate much or all of the excess.

PMID- 4025298
TI  - Confounding and misclassification.
AB  - The authors examine some recently proposed criteria for determining when to
      adjust for covariates related to misclassification, and show these criteria to be
      incorrect. In particular, they show that when misclassification is present,
      covariate control can sometimes increase net bias, even when the covariate would
      have been a confounder under perfect classification, and even if the covariate is
      a determinant of classification. Thus, bias due to misclassification cannot be
      adequately dealt with by the methods used for control of confounding. The
      examples presented also show that the "change-in-estimate" criterion for deciding
      whether to control a covariate can be systematically misleading when
      misclassification is present. These results demonstrate that it is necessary to
      consider the degree of misclassification when deciding whether to control a
      covariate.

PMID- 4025299
TI  - The MRFIT behavior pattern study. II. Type A behavior and incidence of coronary
      heart disease.
AB  - Behavior pattern was assessed by interview for 3,110 men at eight centers in the
      Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (1973-1976). The Type A pattern was not
      significantly associated with risk of first major coronary events (coronary death
      and definite nonfatal myocardial infarction) after a mean follow-up of 7.1 years.
      Crude relative risks for Types A1-A2 versus X-B were 1.08 in usual care, 0.82 in
      special intervention, and 0.92 overall. Adjustment for age, blood pressure,
      cigarette smoking, serum cholesterol, consumption of alcohol, and educational
      attainment yielded relative risks of 0.99 in usual care, 0.81 in special
      intervention, and 0.87 overall (95% confidence interval = 0.59-1.28). The Jenkins
      Activity Survey Type A score, obtained for 12,772 men at all 22 centers, was also
      not significantly associated with risk of first major coronary events. Overall,
      crude risks in the lowest (Type B) through highest (Type A) quintiles of the
      score's distribution were 5.0%, 4.4%, 4.0%, 4.3%, and 4.1%, respectively. The
      proportional hazards regression coefficient, adjusted for the variables listed
      above, was -0.006 (95% confidence interval = -0.015-0.003). These results raise
      questions regarding the robustness of the Type A hypothesis in its present form.
      Further studies are needed to investigate these questions and to evaluate the
      validity of procedures used to assess behavior patterns.

PMID- 4025300
TI  - Breast cancer survival among Hawaii Japanese and Caucasian women. Ten-year rates
      and survival by place of birth.
AB  - Unlike past breast cancer survival comparisons between Japan and the United
      States, a recent study in Hawaii showed that Japanese women did not retain their
      survival advantage over Caucasian women after adjustment was made for stage at
      diagnosis. To test whether this finding in Hawaii was due to the limited duration
      of the follow-up (five years) or to the effects of migration, the survival
      experience of 1,357 Caucasian and 1,029 Japanese women with invasive breast
      carcinoma diagnosed in Hawaii between 1960 and 1979 was examined over a 10-year
      period as well as by place of birth. Multivariate adjustment by the proportional
      hazards regression model confirmed that the survival advantage of Japanese women
      in Hawaii is fully explained by their earlier stage of disease at diagnosis and
      suggested that, after recognition, the disease progresses at a similar pace in
      the two races. The survival comparison by place of birth revealed that second
      generation Hawaii Japanese women had better breast cancer survival rates than
      Japanese migrants from Japan, even after adjusting for stage, and that for
      Caucasian women, nativity was not associated with survival. These findings
      suggest that westernization, genetic constitution, or early life exposures cannot
      explain the overall or stage-adjusted breast cancer survival patterns observed
      among Caucasian and Japanese women in Hawaii.

PMID- 4025301
TI  - Overweight and changes in weight throughout adult life in breast cancer etiology.
      A case-control study.
AB  - Numerous epidemiologic studies have found body size to be a significant risk
      factor in the etiology of breast cancer. In an Israeli study population of 1,065
      breast cancer patients, 964 surgical controls, and 981 neighborhood controls,
      height and weight at three periods (age 18, "most of adult life," and recent)
      were ascertained. The authors analyzed these parameters and body mass index
      (weight/height) for each period, as well as body mass index changes throughout
      life, controlling for age, menstrual status, and ethnic origin. Odds ratios were
      determined for three body mass index categories: 19.1-23, 23.1-27, and 27.1+,
      with a relative risk of 1 for body mass index less than or equal to 19. Their
      results show an increase in risk for breast cancer with greater recent body mass
      index among postmenopausal women aged 60+ (n = 461 for breast cancer, n = 414 for
      surgical controls, n = 401 for neighborhood controls). Crude odds ratios for the
      breast cancer/surgical control comparison are 1.23, 1.58, and 2.20, respectively,
      for each body mass index category; for the breast cancer/neighborhood control
      comparison 2.16, 2.44, and 2.99, respectively. Odds ratios adjusted for
      confounding factors (ages at menarche, first birth, and menopause; number of
      births; years of education; previous benign breast disease; and family history of
      breast cancer) are 1.17, 1.44, and 2.38, respectively (breast cancer/surgical
      control); and 1.78, 1.92, and 2.53, respectively (breast cancer/neighborhood
      control). Overweight does not emerge as a risk factor for breast cancer among
      premenopausal or younger postmenopausal women. Weight loss from most of adult
      life to recent weight appears to be protective, since mean loss in the 60+ age
      category is greater in both control groups than in breast cancer patients. In
      addition, breast cancer patients aged 60+ gained more weight during adult life
      than controls, and premenopausal breast cancer patients gained less weight than
      controls (for both comparisons, p less than or equal to 0.05, breast cancer vs.
      all controls combined.

PMID- 4025302
TI  - Comparison of glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose with two-hour
      post-load plasma glucose in the detection of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In the course of a screening for diabetes mellitus in the Hotel-Dieu Hospital in
      Paris, from September 15, 1981 to April 1, 1984, an oral glucose tolerance test
      and a measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin were performed on 333 outpatients.
      With two-hour plasma glucose as a reference, the sensitivities of glycosylated
      hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, and a combination of glycosylated hemoglobin
      and fasting plasma glucose equal, respectively, 60.0%, 52.0%, and 40.0%; the
      specificities 90.9%, 98.7%, and 99.4%; the predictive value for a positive
      diagnosis 34.9%, 76.5%, and 83.3%. If one takes into account the implications of
      diabetes mellitus, especially its economic and psychosociologic consequences, it
      seems better for diagnosis--from a public health point of view--to use tests with
      a high degree of specificity and a high predictive value for a positive
      diagnosis, such as the combination of fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated
      hemoglobin, than tests with a good sensitivity but poor specificity. In the long
      term, validation of glycosylated hemoglobin as a diagnostic test for asymptomatic
      diabetes mellitus will be obtained only by reference to unquestionable criteria
      of the disease, determined by longitudinal survey.

PMID- 4025303
TI  - An inquiry into the epidemiology of melanoma.
AB  - The authors conducted a study of 404 melanoma patients and 521 control patients
      of both sexes at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. As have previous investigators,
      they found that higher risk attaches to upper socioeconomic status, as measured
      by occupation and education, lightness of complexion and hair, and amount of blue
      in the admixture of eye color. The authors also found a higher risk among
      individuals who reacted to sun exposure by burning, blistering, or freckling
      rather than by tanning. A particular concern was to measure risk associated with
      exposure to the sun. As have two other investigators, they found that risk
      decreased with increasing exposure, suggesting either that individuals
      continually exposed to the sun have less risk because of tanning, or that
      susceptibles purposely avoid sun exposure, or both. The fact that melanoma occurs
      with greater frequency on sites exposed to the sun suggests that sun exposure
      plays a part. These studies showed a dose-response increase in risk (odds ratios
      of up to 4 for males and over 6 for females) with increases in number of traits
      possessed, such as light complexion, and burning or freckling in response to sun
      exposure. This is consistent with the authors' earlier finding of a strong
      familial aggregation of melanoma.

PMID- 4025304
TI  - A comparison of three dietary methods for estimating vitamin A intake.
AB  - This study compared and evaluated vitamin A intake measured by three dietary
      methods (the 24-hour recall, the three-day food record, and a food frequency
      questionnaire) in 82 adult men enrolled in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention
      Trial in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, during 1981. The dietary methods may be useful
      for group data, although differences were found: the food frequency questionnaire
      produced the highest mean daily estimate (7,876 +/- 569 IU) (mean +/- standard
      error), the 24-hour recall the intermediate daily estimate (6,944 +/- 602 IU),
      and the three-day food record the lowest daily estimate (5,137 +/- 470 IU). There
      was considerable variability between methods in individuals, suggesting that the
      intake of vitamin A estimated by one dietary method does not predict the intake
      estimated by another. At the individual level, a low significant correlation (rs
      = 0.28) occurred between the food frequency questionnaire and the three-day food
      record methods. Modest agreement in quartile ranking between these two methods
      indicated that 38% of the individuals fell into the same quartile, 73% into the
      same +/- one quartile, and 7% into opposite quartiles.

PMID- 4025305
TI  - The descriptive epidemiology of sudden infant deaths among natives and whites in
      Alaska.
AB  - From 1976-1980, the incidence of sudden infant deaths among native Alaskans was
      2.9 times higher than that for white Alaskans (6.28 per 1,000 live births among
      natives vs. 2.14 per 1,000 live births among whites). Linked birth and death
      vital records data were used to compare the age-at-death distributions and
      relative risks associated with demographic factors for natives and whites. The
      purpose of the comparisons was to seek clues to the etiology of sudden infant
      death in natives. The age-at-death distributions for natives and whites were
      virtually identical (mean age at death 90.4 +/- 7.0 days for natives; 87.8 +/-
      6.5 days for whites). The associations between the risk of sudden death and birth
      weight, marital status, season of birth, and residence were similar for natives
      and whites. The risk associated with young maternal age (less than 20 years) was
      significantly higher for whites than for natives (3.20 vs. 1.38). The sex ratio
      for sudden deaths among whites significantly favored males (relative risk = 1.78;
      female = reference); a significant sex ratio was not apparent for natives. Vital
      records data were useful for confirming the native-white difference in sudden
      infant death incidence, but not for elucidating etiologic differences between
      natives and whites.

PMID- 4025306
TI  - Geographic variation in declining ischemic heart disease mortality in the United
      States, 1968-1978. I. Rates and change, whites aged 35-74 years.
AB  - Despite the well known geographic pattern for heart disease mortality, studies of
      the decline in ischemic heart disease have not provided a comprehensive
      examination of its spatial component. In this study, the authors computed and
      mapped mean rates and per cent change in ischemic heart disease mortality for
      whites aged 35-74 years, for the period of the Eighth Revision (1968-1978) of the
      International Classification of Diseases. Visual evidence of clustering and
      markedly different spatial patterns were found for mean rate and per cent change
      among the state economic areas of the United States.

PMID- 4025307
TI  - Mortality of lead smelter workers.
AB  - To examine patterns of death in lead smelter workers, a retrospective analysis of
      mortality was conducted in a cohort of 1,987 males employed between 1940 and 1965
      at a primary lead smelter in Idaho. Overall mortality was similar to that of the
      United States white male population (standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 98).
      Excess mortality, however, was found from chronic renal disease (SMR = 192;
      confidence interval (CI) = 88-364), and the risk of death from renal disease
      increased with increasing duration of employment, such that after 20 years
      employment, the standardized mortality ratio reached 392 (CI = 107-1,004). Excess
      mortality was also noted for nonmalignant respiratory disease (SMR = 187, CI =
      128-264). Eight of 32 deaths in this category were caused by silicosis; at least
      five workers who died of silicosis had been miners for a part of their lives. An
      additional 11 deaths resulted from tuberculosis (SMR = 139; CI = 69-249); in six
      of these cases, silicosis was a contributory cause of death. Cancer mortality was
      not increased overall (SMR = 95; CI = 78-114). An increase, however, was noted
      for deaths from kidney cancer (six cases; SMR = 204; CI = 75-444). Finally,
      excess mortality was noted for injuries (SMR = 138; CI = 104-179); 13 (23%) of
      the 56 deaths in this category were caused by mining injuries. The data from this
      study are consistent with previous reports of increased mortality from chronic
      renal disease in persons exposed occupationally to lead.

PMID- 4025308
TI  - Lung cancer mortality among men living near an arsenic-emitting smelter.
AB  - Etiologic factors for lung cancer were studied by the case-control technique
      among 636 men, including 212 with pulmonary carcinoma, who had died between 1961
      and 1979 in a county in northern Sweden. Data on smoking habits, occupation, and
      residence were obtained from a next of kin to each study subject. Validation
      against data from other sources indicated that the exposure information was of
      high quality. A relative risk of 2.0 for lung cancer was seen among men who had
      lived within approximately 20 km from a large copper smelter. The increased risk,
      which is statistically significant (p less than 0.05), could not be explained by
      smoking habits or occupational background. Smelter workers and miners had
      relative risks for lung cancer of 3.0 and 4.1, respectively. No firm conclusions
      can be drawn on the cause of excess lung cancer risk in the smelter area, but it
      seems plausible that the very substantial emissions to air from the smelter,
      especially of arsenic, may have played a role.

PMID- 4025309
TI  - Foodborne streptococcal pharyngitis Kansas City, Missouri.
AB  - A foodborne outbreak of streptococcal pharyngitis occurred in association with a
      meeting of regional blood banking personnel held at a hotel in Kansas City,
      Missouri, on May 31-June 1, 1984. The incriminated meal was a salad buffet
      luncheon served on May 31. Of 106 persons identified as eating the luncheon, 60
      (56.6 per cent) became ill. The most probable source of infection was an
      assortment of mousse desserts (p = 0.0532).

PMID- 4025310
TI  - Applications of microcomputer spreadsheet packages as adjuncts to multiple
      logistic regression analysis.
AB  - This paper illustrates how a microcomputer spreadsheet package can be used by
      epidemiologists to facilitate the computation of multiple logistic regression
      (MLR) probabilities, as well as odds ratios and associated confidence intervals,
      given the coefficients of the MLR model. By formatting a spreadsheet, data entry
      is greatly simplified, and computations are accomplished without any arithmetic
      manipulations on the part of the user. This approach makes it feasible for
      clerical support staff to assist in the computation of seemingly complex
      expressions. The increasing availability of microcomputers in clinical and
      research settings suggests that numerous analytic applications are amenable to
      this approach, thereby decreasing reliance on mainframe computers and desk-top
      calculators.

PMID- 4025311
TI  - Coffee consumption, benign breast disease, and breast cancer.

PMID- 4025312
TI  - Re: Mortality of widowed vs. married.

PMID- 4025313
TI  - Hematopoiesis and aging III: Anemia and a blunted erythropoietic response to
      hemorrhage in aged mice.
AB  - Whether the hematocrit normally declines in the aged or whether such a decline
      represents inapparent disease in addition to aging is a matter of dispute. Female
      B6D2f1 mice were studied at ages 3, 13, or 27-28 months, and there was no
      difference in hematocrit between the younger groups. The hematocrit of 45 aged
      mice was slightly lower than that of 66 younger mice; mean 43% vs 49% (p less
      than .001). However, rather unexpectedly, the total red cell mass was not
      decreased in the aged; rather, the plasma volume was expanded. Survival of mature
      red blood cells did not differ significantly between young and aged mice. Mice
      were bled 0.4 ml from the orbital sinus for 4 days, reducing the hematocrit of
      all groups to a nadir of 20-25%. Recovery of hematocrit began more slowly in aged
      than in young mice. That this reflected a difference in erythropoiesis rather
      than a difference in plasma volume equilibration was suggested by studies with
      59Fe. 59Fe was given following the second bleed, and 1 day later RBC 59Fe was
      more than twice as high in young mice than in groups of aged mice. Aged mice that
      did not appear healthy had been excluded. Aged mice were divided into a group
      with significant amounts of gray hair and/or patches of hair loss and two groups
      with normal-appearing hair; the latter was subdivided into those weighing less
      (25-26 g) or more (30-34 g) than most aged mice. Neither hair condition nor
      weight influenced hematocrit or response to bleeding. These results suggest, but
      do not prove, that a mild "dilutional" anemia and a blunted erythropoietic
      response to hemorrhage may be an expected part of the murine aging process.

PMID- 4025314
TI  - Complications of heparin administration in normal individuals.
AB  - The incidence, severity, and pathogenic mechanism of heparin-associated
      thrombocytopenia with both bovine and porcine heparin administration were studied
      in forty normal males randomized to one of four treatment groups: beef lung
      heparin #1, beef lung heparin #2, porcine gut heparin, and saline control. All of
      the subjects receiving heparin developed a reversible increase in serum
      transaminases (SGOT, SGPT). However, other measurements of liver function were
      normal. Thirty-three percent of these heparinized normals had decreased platelet
      counts. The incidence of platelet count decrease was similar for both bovine and
      porcine heparins, but 4 of the 20 normals receiving bovine heparin had platelet
      counts less than 150,000/microliters. Immune pathogenesis was investigated by
      analyzing plasma from the volunteers for both platelet antibody and immune
      complexes. None of the men had increased platelet-associated IgG. Among the ten
      subjects with decreased platelet counts, IgG immune complexes were detected in
      three and C1q in seven. The heparin-associated thrombocytopenia appears not to be
      mediated by a platelet antibody. More probably it reflects a direct effect of the
      heparin on platelets.

PMID- 4025315
TI  - A case of factor V inhibitor.
AB  - A 57-year-old married Chinese male without a family history of bleeding disorder
      was presented with severe hemorrhagic tendency and was subsequently found to be
      suffering from an acquired inhibitor against coagulation factor V. The prolonged
      prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time could not be corrected
      by the addition of normal plasma. Subnormal value of factor V level was noted
      accompanied with an abnormal platelet factor III availability test. With specific
      antisera and staphylococcal protein A, the inhibitor was characterized as an
      IgG(lambda) antibody. The hemorrhagic tendency and abnormal laboratory data were
      corrected after treating the patient with platelet concentrate transfusion and
      cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 4025316
TI  - Anti-Pr cold hemagglutination associated with livedo reticularis.
AB  - A report of anti-Pr cold hemagglutination associated with livedo reticularis is
      presented. Livedo reticularis is descriptive of the superficial venous system
      appearing when blood flow is altered in this area. Cold antibody directed against
      the Pr antigen of the red cell membrane can cause hemagglutination, thereby
      altering blood flow in cooler areas of the body. This patient had livedo
      reticularis approximately 8 months prior to detection of the anti-Pr cold
      agglutinin.

PMID- 4025317
TI  - Salmonella infection in hairy cell leukemia: report of a case.
AB  - A patient with hairy cell leukemia who developed mediastinal mass and fever is
      described. A CT-guided aspiration of the mass yielded Salmonella tiphymurium.
      Granulocyte response to infection was intact and could explain the favorable
      course of this unusual Salmonella infection. Although several reports deal with
      salmonellosis as a complication of immunodeficiency states, this type of
      infection is of rare occurrence in hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 4025318
TI  - Irreversibly sickled erythrocytes in sickle cell anemia: a quantitative
      reappraisal.
AB  - Irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs), considered by some to be of major
      pathophysiologic significance, have been reported to comprise between 5-50% of
      the total red cell population in patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia.
      Since the deformation of erythrocytes containing sickle hemoglobin is highly
      dependent on the concentration of hemoglobin in the deoxy conformation, any
      method established to enumerate the true ISC count requires the hemoglobin to be
      in the full oxy or liganded conformation. Because the oxygen dissociation curve
      for sickle erythrocytes is significantly shifted to the right, extremely high
      partial pressures of oxygen are required to approach full saturation. On the
      other hand, fully liganding the hemoglobin in the oxy conformation with carbon
      monoxide (CO) can be readily accomplished. We found that there is a significant
      reduction in the average number of sickled forms in the peripheral blood of
      sickle cell anemia patients after incubation in CO (to a value of 6.5 +/- 3.5%)
      when compared to conventional methods for ISC preparations. These results suggest
      that fully liganded erythrocytes should be used in quantitating ISCs in studies
      of the pathophysiology of this disease, especially since ISCs are likely to
      affect rheology differently from reversibly sickling cells.

PMID- 4025319
TI  - Liver involvement in multiple myeloma.
AB  - One hundred twenty-eight records of patients with multiple myeloma were reviewed
      to assess the incidence and manifestations of liver involvement. Histologic study
      of the liver was available in 21 patients. Diffuse infiltration of the liver by
      plasma cells was observed in 10 patients, myeloid metaplasia in four, amyloidosis
      in two, toxic hepatitis in two, and extrahepatic cholestasis secondary to
      infiltration of the peripancreatic tissue by plasma cells in one. The clinical
      signs of plasma cell infiltration of the liver consisted of hepatomegaly in seven
      patients, mild elevation of liver enzymes in five, and portal hypertension in
      two. Jaundice was only observed in patients with hepatitis or extrahepatic
      cholestasis. Liver infiltration by plasma cells did not appear to have a major
      prognostic significance.

PMID- 4025320
TI  - Lymphocyte phenotype and function in chronically transfused children with sickle
      cell disease.
AB  - Immunologic studies were performed on mononuclear cells from ten chronically
      transfused children with sickle cell disease, and the results were compared with
      those from five other groups: 21 sickle cell patients who were not receiving
      regular transfusions, 6 chronically transfused children with other forms of
      refractory anemia, 10 previously splenectomized children, 5 boys with hemophilia
      A, and 27 normal adult controls. The helper:suppressor T cell ratios (T4:T8) in
      all groups except hemophiliacs were normal, were unrelated to the number of units
      transfused, and were not suggestive of findings reported for patients with the
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or groups at risk for the syndrome.
      Percentages of T3, T4, and T8 cells were low in sickle cell and splenectomized
      patients, but not in chronically transfused patients with other anemias. Serum
      IgG was frequently elevated, and IgG synthesis in vitro was increased relative to
      IgM synthesis in sickle cell patients. Coculture experiments indicated that such
      findings may stem from a selective increase in IgG synthesis by B cells. Thus,
      transfused sickle cell patients have a particular pattern of immunologic
      abnormalities that is distinct from that seen in AIDS.

PMID- 4025321
TI  - Altered spectrin association and membrane fragility without abnormal spectrin
      heat sensitivity in a case of congenital hemolytic anemia.
AB  - In hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) and one type of hereditary elliptocytosis
      (HE), spectrin self-association is abnormal [5,7]. Spectrin extracted from normal
      erythrocyte membranes at 0 degree C is nearly all tetrameric, while in HPP and HE
      (type 1) a substantial amount of the extracted spectrin is dimeric. Abnormal
      reassociation of spectrin dimers to tetramers can also be demonstrated. We here
      report the case of a family in which the child has moderately severe hemolysis,
      with extreme microcytosis and poikilocytosis. The spectrin extracted at 0 degree
      C was predominately dimer. Parents had levels of dimer intermediate between
      patient and control values. The temperature dependence was normal for erythrocyte
      fragmentation; spectrin extractability; and circular dichroism of purified
      spectrin. Neither the patient nor either parent had elliptocytic red cells as
      judged from smears and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of substantial
      amounts of dimeric spectrin in the parents is consistent with a model in which
      each parent is heterozygous for a different nonassociating mutant spectrin, while
      the child has inherited a nonassociating molecule from each parent. In each
      individual, the degree of mechanical stability of the erythrocyte membrane,
      determined by ektacytometry, was proportional to the amount of tetramer found in
      the membrane. The description of this case is consistent with either HPP or a
      form of homozygous HE which is asymptomatic in the carrier state.

PMID- 4025322
TI  - Dyskeratosis congenita with hypoplastic anemia: a stem cell defect.
AB  - A case of dyskeratosis congenita (DC) with pancytopenia was studied in an attempt
      to elucidate the cause of the hypocellular bone marrow and pancytopenia. Levels
      of erythroid hemopoietic stem cells were estimated by clonal cell culture.
      Results showed a decrease in the number of precursor cells in both the bone
      marrow and the peripheral blood of this patient.

PMID- 4025323
TI  - More on biphenotypic leukemias and the 5q-syndrome.

PMID- 4025324
TI  - Fractional excretion of sodium as a guide to volume depletion during recovery
      from acute renal failure.
AB  - Fractional excretion of filtered sodium (FENa) is typically elevated (greater
      than 3%) in acute tubular necrosis and decreased (less than 1%) with volume
      depletion. We describe a patient who developed acute tubular necrosis with a FENa
      of 13%. Four weeks later, he was still oliguric but had also become volume
      depleted. FENa was 0.4% to 0.8%, considerably lower than FENa's measured in eight
      nonvolume-depleted patients in acute renal failure. Vigorous intravenous fluid
      therapy in this patient produced a prompt increase in urine volume and
      improvement in renal function. We conclude the following: (1) a marked decrease
      in FENa in a patient with acute tubular necrosis should suggest the development
      of a superimposed sodium-retaining state such as volume depletion, and (2) severe
      volume depletion may delay or mask recovery from acute tubular necrosis.

PMID- 4025325
TI  - Renal involvement in visceral leishmaniasis.
AB  - In a prospective study of 50 patients with visceral leishmaniasis, laboratory
      abnormalities suggestive of renal involvement were not infrequent. Proteinuria
      and/or microscopic hematuria or pyuria were observed in 51% of such cases. Twenty
      four hour urinary protein excretion was elevated in 57% of patients in all cases
      below 1g/24 hours. An abnormal acid-load test was demonstrated in 12 of 18
      patients studied before therapy of the parasitic infection with N-methyl
      glucamine. Of interest was the demonstration of tubulo-interstitial involvement
      in the renal histology of all seven patients studied; also, in five of seven
      patients there was a proliferative glomerulonephritis, usually mild, on
      histologic examination. In general, there was a tendency to subsidence of
      abnormal laboratory findings within one month after specific therapy. Renal
      involvement in visceral leishmaniasis was mild and seemed to revert with the cure
      of the leishmanial infection.

PMID- 4025326
TI  - Statement on the release of ibuprofen as an over-the-counter medicine. Ad Hoc
      Committee for the National Kidney Foundation.

PMID- 4025327
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of lysine-vasopressin in orthostatic hypotension.
AB  - Previous investigations have demonstrated that the postural stimulation of
      arginine vasopressin (AVP) release is reduced in patients with Shy-Drager
      syndrome. We studied the effects of lypressin nasal spray on hemodynamic
      parameters in ten patients with chronic orthostatic hypotension. Heart rate,
      blood pressure, and stroke volume were measured at 0 degrees, 45 degrees and 70
      degrees tilt before and one-half hour after two nasal sprays (four United States
      Pharmacopeia posterior pituitary pressor units, 7.4 micrograms) of lypressin.
      Lypressin did not significantly alter the effect of tilt on heart rate, stroke
      volume, and cardiac output but increased the blood pressure and total peripheral
      resistance. AVP analogues should be tested for treating chronic postural
      hypotension.

PMID- 4025329
TI  - Complete distal renal tubular acidosis in systemic lupus: clinical and laboratory
      findings.
AB  - We report two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were found to
      have complete (acidotic) distal renal tubular acidosis (DRTA). One patient had
      nephrocalcinosis and renal magnesium wasting with tetany; the other patient had
      nephrolithiasis and nephrotic syndrome secondary to membranous glomerulopathy.
      Both patients had decreased urinary citrate excretion but neither had
      hypercalciuria. We discuss the association of DRTA with immunologic disorders and
      the possible role of hypocitraturia in promoting renal calcification in these
      patients. We suggest that patients with renal calcification be evaluated for
      DRTA, and that patients found to have DRTA be further evaluated for signs,
      symptoms, and laboratory evidence of immunologic disorders.

PMID- 4025328
TI  - Evaluation of a flushing solution designed to protect kidneys from in situ
      ischemia.
AB  - An in situ flushing solution was evaluated with regard to the following: (1) its
      ability to protect the kidney during 60, 90, and 120 minutes of normothermic
      ischemia; (2) the effects of using an intracellular versus extracellular
      electrolyte composition in the flushing solution; and (3) the ability of the
      flushing solution to complement in situ hypothermia as a protective measure
      during long-term ischemia. Rat kidneys were briefly flushed in situ with an
      isotonic phosphate buffered solution (pH 7.2) containing 50 milliosmole of
      sucrose. The left renal pedicle was then immediately clamped to render the kidney
      ischemic and to hold the flushing solution in the kidney. Following removal of
      the pedicle clamp, a contralateral nephrectomy of the right kidney was performed
      and daily serum creatinine levels determined to evaluate postischemic renal
      function. The results indicate the following: (1) the flushing procedure is very
      effective in preventing postischemic acute renal failure following 60 minutes of
      normothermic ischemia, but is considerably less effective for ischemic times of
      90 minutes or more; (2) an intracellular electrolyte composition in the flushing
      solution does not improve the protective effects of this solution; and (3) the
      flushing procedure can significantly improve on the protection otherwise provided
      by in situ hypothermia.

PMID- 4025330
TI  - Bromocriptine and the hypothalamic hypophyseal function in patients with chronic
      renal failure on chronic hemodialysis.
AB  - Ten patients with chronic renal failure on chronic hemodialysis had the following
      tests to evaluate the integrity of the hypothalamic hypophyseal axis: (A) glucose
      tolerance test, (B) thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test, (C) clonidine
      stimulation test, (D) insulin induced hypoglycemia, and (E) LH/RH stimulation
      test. The majority of those tests were abnormal and prolactin values were found
      to be moderately elevated in all the patients. Bromocriptine (1.25 mg twice a
      day) was given to all the patients for 1 month and then, while on bromocriptine,
      the tests were repeated. Although there is a decrement in the concentration of
      serum prolactin level, none of the hypothalamic hypophyseal abnormalities were
      corrected. However, five of the ten patients reported an improvement of their
      impotence with bromocriptine. The patients who responded had high levels of FSH
      and LH with levels of testosterone above 1 mg/mL. The nonresponders had low FSH
      and LH levels and very low testosterone levels. Therefore, bromocriptine,
      although possibly beneficial in some dialysis patients, is not a drug that can
      normalize abnormal functioning of hormones in the dialysis population.

PMID- 4025331
TI  - Effective use of streptokinase for peritoneal catheter failure.
AB  - The fibrinolytic enzyme streptokinase (streptase) was infused into the peritoneal
      catheter in 19 episodes of catheter failure in 16 patients. Intraabdominal
      bleeding prior to infusion was seen in seven of these episodes. Fibrin strands
      and clots were present in four additional successful cases. Streptokinase
      successfully relieved the obstruction in 13 episodes in 11 patients. The
      procedure failed in two cases of omental ingrowth and in another with catheter
      malposition. Streptokinase infusion also failed in two patients with Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa and one patient with Staphylococcus epidermidis peritonitis.
      Intraperitoneal streptokinase infusion is simple and free of side effects. Its
      use should be considered in peritoneal catheter failure, particularly in cases
      where bleeding or fibrin accumulation may play a role.

PMID- 4025332
TI  - Tenckhoff catheter obstruction resulting from invasion by Curvularia lunata in
      the absence of peritonitis.
AB  - A 60-year-old black woman on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
      presented with Tenckhoff catheter malfunction. She exhibited no signs or symptoms
      of acute peritonitis. Darkly pigmented plaques were adherent to the inner wall of
      the catheter and exchange tubing focally throughout its length. Similar material
      was adherent to the protein coagulum in the dialysis bag. The Tenckhoff catheter
      and tubing were removed, and hemodialysis was initiated. Cultures of the catheter
      and the dialysate protein coagulum grew the saprophytic soil fungus, Curvularia
      lunata. Histologic examination of the catheter and tubing demonstrated
      penetration of each by hyphae. Catheter removal alone was sufficient to eradicate
      the fungus since recurrence of colonization or peritonitis has not occurred
      following the resumption of CAPD. Peritonitis produced by opportunistic pathogens
      especially fungi is increasingly common. Although Curvularia species have been
      implicated in pulmonary and cerebral mycetomas, allergic bronchoalveolar disease,
      and keratitis, they have not been reported previously to cause peritonitis or
      catheter malfunction in CAPD patients. Fungal invasion of CAPD catheters can
      produce mechanical obstruction even in the absence of peritonitis. Such
      colonization does not preclude resumption of chronic peritoneal dialysis at a
      later date.

PMID- 4025333
TI  - Spontaneous remission of nephrotic syndrome in IgA glomerular disease.
AB  - We report two cases of adult onset nephrotic syndrome with pathologic features of
      minimal change disease but a predominance of IgA in mesangial regions. Both cases
      underwent spontaneous remission despite an episode of recurrent nephrotic
      syndrome in one patient. The relationship of the glomerular disease to minimal
      change and IgA nephritis is discussed.

PMID- 4025335
TI  - Health effects studies of exposure from hazardous waste sites--where are we
      today?

PMID- 4025337
TI  - The middling tendency in reading chest films for pneumoconiosis: an important
      source of bias and variability.
AB  - The tendency for readers of chest films of the pneumoconioses to place films in
      the middle of the International Labour Office (ILO) categories of profusion (eg,
      1/1, 2/2) was described by Morgan et al [1974], who saw this tendency as a
      possible source of bias. The present study reexamines the middling tendency in
      relation to bias and variability by comparing duplicate readings of chest films
      for pneumoconiosis. Readings of trained lay persons were compared to professional
      readings of the same films and readings of professional readers were compared
      with each other. Reasons for the middling tendency, which include the use of
      standard middle films and the instructions given to users of the classification,
      are suggested and possible solutions are proposed.

PMID- 4025336
TI  - A longitudinal study of pulmonary function in coal miners in Lorraine, France.
AB  - A longitudinal study of pulmonary function and radiological change has been
      conducted on 141 nonsmoking coal miners and 256 smoking coal miners from
      Lorraine, France. At the time of the first examination occasioned by radiological
      change or shortness of breath, the men averaged between 46.6 years and 50.9 years
      of age, and they retired approximately 8 years after entering the study. They
      have been followed for average periods of about 18 years and a mean of five FEV1
      observations per man were made over that period. Changes in radiological category
      have been documented. Average rates of decline of FVC and FEV1 were similar, and
      varied between -47 ml/yr in nonsmoking miners still alive, to -78 ml/yr in
      deceased smoking miners. These accelerated rates were similar before and after
      retirement from the mine.

PMID- 4025338
TI  - Gallium-67 citrate imaging in underground coal miners.
AB  - Twenty-two underground coal workers with 27 or more years of coal dust exposure
      were studied with gallium-67 citrate (Ga-67) imaging. Radiographic evidence of
      coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP) was present in 12 subjects. The Ga-67 scan was
      abnormal in 11 of 12 with, and 9 of 10 without, CWP. The Ga-67 uptake index was
      significantly correlated with total dust exposure (p less than 0.01) and
      approached significant correlation with the radiographic profusion of the nodules
      (0.10 greater than p greater than 0.05). There was no correlation between Ga-67
      uptake and spirometric function, which was normal in this group of patients;
      furthermore, increased lung uptake of gallium did not indicate a poor prognosis
      in subjects no longer exposed to coal dust. While coal dust exposure may be
      associated with positive Ga-67 lung scan in coal miners with many years of coal
      dust exposure, the scan provided no information not already available from a
      careful exposure history and a chest radiograph. Since Ga-67 scanning is a
      relatively expensive procedure we would recommend that its use in subjects with
      asymptomatic CWP be limited to an investigative role and not be made part of a
      routine evaluation.

PMID- 4025339
TI  - A proportional mortality study of the acting profession.
AB  - Proportional mortality of actors and actresses was studied because cancers of
      many sites have been linked to hair dyes and cosmetics of which actors have been
      frequent users. Death records (1950-1978) for 2,618 white male and 838 white
      female members of Actors Equity and the Screen Actors Guild were compared with
      the U.S. mortality rats. Among males, significantly elevated proportional
      mortality ratios (PMR) were found for suicide (1.58), cirrhosis of the liver
      (1.99), all malignancies (1.15), and cancers of the colon/rectum (1.32), pancreas
      (1.51), and testes (2.37). Colon/rectum and pancreas cancers were not
      significantly elevated by proportional cancer mortality. Among females,
      significantly elevated PMRs were found for suicide (2.02) and lung cancer (2.20).
      Suicide in either sex was much more common in California than in New York. The
      elevated lung cancer in females was confined to Equity members. No elevations
      were found for cancers that have been related to hair dye or cosmetic use--ie,
      breast, ovary, bladder, leukemia, and lymphomas.

PMID- 4025340
TI  - Concentration of ethylene oxide in the alveolar air of occupationally exposed
      workers.
AB  - Ethylene oxide was tested in environmental air and in the alveolar air of 10
      workers employed in a hospital sterilizer unit at hourly intervals during the
      work shift. Alveolar ethylene oxide concentrations (Ca) were correlated with
      environmental concentration (Ci) in all the workers studied (r = 0.89-0.99). The
      ratio between alveolar and environmental concentration (Ca/Ci) given by the slope
      of the regression line obtained for all the data collected was 0.24. This means
      that the alveolar retention of ethylene oxide, expressed as 1 - (Ca/Ci),
      corresponded, on average, to about 75% of the environmental concentration.

PMID- 4025341
TI  - Proportionate mortality study of workers in the garment industry exposed to
      formaldehyde.

PMID- 4025342
TI  - Benzene as a leukemogenic and carcinogenic agent.
AB  - Today there seems to be sufficient data to incriminate benzene as a potent
      carcinogenic agent causing leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma and
      lung cancer, as well as numerous disorders of the bone marrow depression. Other
      factors (such as genetic and individual susceptibility) may have a role in the
      development of these different types of malignancies and hematologic disorders.
      In this paper, data concerning all these problems are presented and discussed.

PMID- 4025343
TI  - Freezing and rapid thawing of antibiotic mixtures.

PMID- 4025344
TI  - Using graphics printers for prescription labels.

PMID- 4025345
TI  - Multifaceted orientation of house staff to pharmacy operations.

PMID- 4025346
TI  - Facilitating aseptic mixing of sterile substances.

PMID- 4025347
TI  - Reducing the costs of cephalosporin therapy.

PMID- 4025348
TI  - Monetary incentive for pharmacists to control drug costs.
AB  - An incentive program that paid hospital pharmacists at United Hospitals
      Incorporated (UHI) and Children's Hospital Incorporated (CHI) a percentage of the
      money saved by the pharmacy on drug and i.v. expenses in 1984 is described.
      Hospital administration, as part of a hospitalwide incentive program, approved
      the pharmacy department's proposal for a monetary incentive program. Pharmacy
      managers hoped that, by rewarding all pharmacists for their efforts to control
      costs, they could potentiate other cost-containment programs (stronger formulary
      control and improved purchasing and inventory control) and improve clinical
      services while maintaining quality of care. The incentive calculation was derived
      from the percentage of expenses saved on drugs and i.v. solutions and sets
      relative to budget. The payout, to be applied to 1984 salaries of pharmacists,
      could not exceed 10% of salary or more than 35% of the total savings to the
      hospital. A screening mechanism was established to protect the hospital from
      paying an incentive if the total pharmacy expenses exceeded budget. In fiscal
      1984, drug and i.v. expenses per adjusted case decreased 1.55%, which led to each
      full-time pharmacist receiving an average payout of $500. This payout was less
      than had been anticipated because of a nursing strike at other hospitals, which
      resulted in an influx of intensive-care patients. The monetary incentive program
      for pharmacists is a useful tool for controlling drug and i.v. expenses and for
      rewarding pharmacists for successful cost-saving approaches.

PMID- 4025349
TI  - Bid purchasing of radiopharmaceuticals and radiopaque contrast media.
AB  - Use of product standardization and competitive-bid purchasing for
      radiopharmaceuticals and radiopaque contrast media in a 1000-bed teaching
      hospital is described. The hospital's use of radiopharmaceuticals was reviewed,
      and all agents were listed with their product specifications and order quantity
      or frequency. Manufacturers and wholesalers were asked to submit unit prices for
      each of their products. Similar procedures were followed for radiopaque contrast
      media; wholesalers and manufacturers were asked to submit unit prices that would
      be guaranteed for a 12-month contract period. A nuclear pharmacist and
      radiologists reviewed the submitted bids and awarded contracts, basing their
      decisions primarily on product acceptability and selection criteria and then on
      relative costs of the agents. Annual costs were reduced 16% ($16,500) for
      radiopharmaceuticals and 21.3% ($66,500) for radiopaque contrast media. The
      program also resulted in decreased inventory of radiopaque contrast media and in
      faster and less expensive acquisition of emergency orders. Working with the
      radiology department to compile a standard list of radiopharmaceuticals and
      radiopaque contrast media and soliciting competitive bids by vendors of these
      products resulted in annual savings of more than $83,000.

PMID- 4025350
TI  - Evaluating a restrictive formulary system by assessing nonformulary-drug
      requests.
AB  - Nonformulary-drug requests were used to evaluate a restrictive formulary system
      in a large university hospital, and a telephone survey of eight similar hospitals
      was conducted to assess the restrictiveness of their formulary systems.
      Nonformulary-drug requests were evaluated by two drug information pharmacists
      over a 12-month period (January-December 1984) to assess the frequency with which
      nonformulary items were ordered, the costs associated with the procurement of
      nonformulary drug products, and the rationales given by physicians when ordering
      nonformulary products. Of all nonformulary requests, 65% were for drugs
      previously evaluated by the pharmacy and therapeutics committee and denied
      admission to the formulary. A cost savings of $1887 would have resulted if
      formulary alternates had been used instead of nonformulary products. Excluding
      22% of nonformulary items that were requested for the continuation of
      preadmission drug therapy, only 13% of the rationales for the remaining requests
      were appropriate. Although the eight other hospitals surveyed said they had
      restrictive formularies, all had frequent requests and procedures for procuring
      nonformulary items and some formularies included most available drugs. The
      formulary system at the study hospital was considered restrictive, but procedures
      for nonformulary-drug requests limited the effectiveness of the system. If any
      benefit is to result from formulary systems, hospitals must strengthen their
      enforcement of formulary restrictions.

PMID- 4025351
TI  - Use of serum drug concentrations in outpatient clinics.
AB  - A four-month retrospective study was conducted to analyze the use of serum drug
      concentrations (SDCs) in the outpatient clinics of a teaching hospital. The
      general internal medicine, asthma and allergy, cardiology, and neurology clinics
      were selected as frequent users of SDCs. Serum theophylline, digoxin, quinidine,
      procainamide, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbital concentrations obtained
      during patient clinic visits were audited by trained pharmacy students using
      medical records and computer-generated laboratory data. The SDCs were evaluated
      for (1) the appropriateness of how they were obtained, (2) the appropriateness of
      the actions taken on the results, (3) the reasons they were ordered, and (4) the
      patient charges secondary to obtaining SDCs incorrectly or taking inappropriate
      actions on the results. Overall, the SDCs from all the clinics combined were
      obtained appropriately 251 (61.4%) of 409 times. Appropriate actions were taken
      on the SDC results 82.4% of the time. A change in therapy was made after an SDC
      was ordered 24.4% of the time. A total of $4975 of patient charges was associated
      with incorrectly obtained SDCs or inappropriate actions taken on SDC results. The
      asthma and allergy clinic, which was staffed by a clinical pharmacist, used SDCs
      more appropriately than the other clinics. Pharmacists or other professionals
      should be used to obtain accurate SDC information and to follow-up on SDC results
      to maximize drug therapy and reduce costs.

PMID- 4025352
TI  - Potential drug interactions in surgical patients.
AB  - The incidence and frequency of potentially serious drug interactions were
      evaluated in hospitalized surgical patients. Drug profiles of patients on the
      general surgical service of a tertiary-care teaching hospital were
      retrospectively reviewed for two six-month periods to determine how often drugs
      that are known for major interactions were prescribed concurrently. Interactions
      were studied that were relatively well documented and potentially harmful to the
      patients. A total of 1825 patient profiles were reviewed (21,888 patient days).
      At least one potential drug interaction was found in 17% of the patients.
      Interactions were found to occur at the rate of 1 for every 59 patient days.
      Digoxin and cimetidine were the potential interacting drugs in almost 90% of the
      cases. Hospitalized surgical patients require close monitoring because they
      frequently receive potentially interacting drugs.

PMID- 4025353
TI  - Survey of consumer users of a statewide drug information service.
AB  - A survey of consumers who had used a state-supported drug information center
      (DIC) was conducted to determine reasons for and frequency of use of the DIC and
      opinions about the services of the DIC. The Arizona Poison and Drug Information
      Center (APDIC) mailed questionnaires to 281 lay persons who had requested
      information about use of prescription or nonprescription drugs. The
      questionnaires were sent only to callers who responded affirmatively when asked
      to participate in the survey. Of 154 (54.8%) respondents (83.8% women), 40.9%
      were using no prescription drugs at the time of the survey and 83.8% purchased
      fewer than two nonprescription drugs per month. Approximately 44% said they tried
      to obtain drug information at least once per month. Pharmacists were named as the
      most frequent source of drug information for nonprescription drugs, but
      information about prescription drugs was sought more frequently from physicians
      and reference books. APDIC was mentioned most frequently as a source of
      information about all drugs (both prescription and nonprescription). Nearly all
      respondents said the information from APDIC was helpful and the service should be
      continued. Drug information consumers looked to this DIC to meet a demand not
      being met by pharmacists or physicians in the community. Consumers viewed the
      information as valuable and used this service because it was available and
      accessible.

PMID- 4025354
TI  - Clinical pharmacy services in Florida hospitals--1984.
AB  - To ascertain the progress made in the implementation of clinical services in
      Florida hospitals, a survey conducted in 1977 was readministered in 1984.
      Questionnaires were sent to the directors of pharmaceutical services of all 256
      Florida hospitals. Nine questions on clinical services were identical to the 1977
      survey and two additional questions were included on nutritional support services
      and pharmacokinetic dosing consultations. The directors were also asked if they
      had conducted studies to document the cost-effectiveness of their clinical
      pharmacy services. Questionnaires were returned by 75% of the directors. As in
      the 1977 survey, approximately half of the hospitals had less than 200 beds.
      Slightly more than 82% of the hospitals had total unit dose systems and about 7%
      had partial systems, which was considerably higher than the 58% with either total
      or partial systems found in the 1977 survey. Services such as patient monitoring,
      inservice education, and drug-use review were being offered substantially more
      than in 1977. Conducting patient medication histories, attending rounds with
      physicians, and providing discharge consultations were the least-performed
      clinical services. The reasons given for not implementing these services were
      similar in both surveys. However, while the lack of adequately trained
      pharmacists was frequently cited in 1977, very few respondents cited it as an
      obstacle in 1984. Several respondents indicated that they had documented cost
      savings attributable to their clinical pharmacy services. Clinical pharmacy
      programs are continuing to grow in Florida hospitals; however, pharmacy
      administrators appear to be having some of the same problems implementing these
      services as they did previously.

PMID- 4025355
TI  - Drugman--a computerized supplement to a hospital's drug information newsletter.
AB  - A computerized supplement to a hospital's drug information newsletter, called
      Drugman, is described. The pharmacy department of a 452-bed teaching hospital
      developed Drugman. The program uses the "Converse" software, which was developed
      by the hospital's computer medicine department. The program provides information
      on new drugs recently added to the formulary and updated information on current
      formulary drugs. It also provides information on investigational drugs. A staff
      pharmacist is responsible for coordinating the writing and review of each new
      drug monograph in the system, as well as the computer entry and up-dating of
      existing monographs. The program is available to all medical, nursing, and
      pharmacy personnel via computer terminals located on each nursing unit and in the
      pharmacy department. Survey questions at the end of the program elicit user
      response to the program and suggestions for additions or changes. In the initial
      14-month period, the general response to Drugman has been favorable. Drugman
      represents a new method of disseminating drug information via computer in an
      individual hospital. The program complements traditional drug information sources
      and has been received positively in our hospital.

PMID- 4025356
TI  - Simple stability-indicating assay for histamine solutions.
AB  - A chemical stability-indicating assay for the routine analysis of histamine in
      isotonic-phosphate buffer solutions was developed and evaluated. A quantitative
      colorimetric assay was developed by adapting the Pauly reaction specific for the
      imidazole group for the determination of histamine in buffer solutions. Stock
      solutions of histamine diphosphate 1 mg/mL were diluted with isotonic phosphate
      buffer to produce standards for an imidazole-group assay and for the USP assay
      method based on the Folin reaction of free amino groups. The specificity of the
      assays was evaluated by subjecting samples to ultraviolet irradiation and heat
      for various time periods and then analyzing for histamine content. Both of the
      colorimetric assays provided reproducible linear calibration curves passing
      through the origin for histamine diphosphate concentrations. For the Pauly
      reaction assay, the average coefficients of variation between and within runs
      were 0.5% and 0.1%, respectively. The assay had recoveries of 100.6% and 100.8%
      at 8 and 25 micrograms/mL of histamine diphosphate concentrations, respectively,
      and a sensitivity of 3 micrograms/mL. Based on the results of the Pauly-reaction
      assay, irradiation caused decreases in the apparent concentrations as large as
      69.2% depending on the duration of the irradiation and distance from the light
      source. When the histamine diphosphate solutions were stored in the dark at 60
      degrees C for five days, a decrease of only 6.3% occurred. Based on the results
      of the Folin-reaction assay, irradiation caused increases in the apparent
      concentrations as large as 50.6%. The Pauly colorimetric assay based on the
      imidazole group appears to be more appropriate for histamine solutions than the
      amino-group assay based on the Folin reaction.

PMID- 4025357
TI  - Robinson-Patman update: De Modena v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan.
AB  - The findings in a case dealing with price differentials for drugs purchased for
      members of a health maintenance organization (HMO) are presented. In the case of
      De Modena v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, community pharmacists in California
      and Oregon claimed that sales of drugs purchased at special prices by Kaiser
      Permanente Medical Care Program for its members constituted price discrimination
      as interpreted by the United States Supreme Court decision in Abbott Laboratories
      et al. v. Portland Retail Druggists Association, Inc. A United States Court of
      Appeals ruled in favor of Kaiser, holding that the HMO was purchasing drugs for
      its "own use" and thus qualified for exemption from the provisions of the
      Robinson-Patman Antidiscrimination Act. The implications of this decision are
      discussed in light of corporate restructuring and diversification of services by
      hospitals. Evaluation of the overall health-care mission of a health-care
      organization rather than strict application of the Portland decision may be used
      to identify permissible uses of drugs purchased at special prices by these
      organizations.

PMID- 4025358
TI  - Reducing drug expenditures in a small hospital.

PMID- 4025359
TI  - Cephalosporin use and restriction in pediatric hospitals.

PMID- 4025361
TI  - ASHP statement on third-party compensation for clinical services by pharmacists.

PMID- 4025360
TI  - Particle formation of third-generation cephalosporin injections.

PMID- 4025362
TI  - ASHP guidelines for implementing and obtaining compensation for clinical services
      by pharmacists.

PMID- 4025363
TI  - ASHP technical assistance bulletin on assessing cost-containment strategies for
      institutional pharmacies.

PMID- 4025364
TI  - Aminoglycoside resistance in gram-negative bacilli during increased amikacin use.
      Comparison of experience in 14 United States hospitals with experience in the
      Minneapolis Veterans Administration Medical Center.
AB  - Resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin was surveyed prospectively
      during controlled aminoglycoside usage in 14 hospitals. Following an initial
      baseline period (minimum, three months) during which gentamicin use predominated,
      gentamicin and tobramycin were placed on restrictive control, establishing
      amikacin as the aminoglycoside of general use (86 percent of total aminoglycoside
      usage). During an average of 35 months' restriction of gentamicin and tobramycin,
      significant reductions in gram-negative resistance to gentamicin (8.4 to 7.0
      percent, p less than 0.001) and tobramycin (6.0 to 5.3 percent, p less than 0.01)
      were observed. The most significant decreases in resistance to gentamicin and
      tobramycin (p less than 0.001) were found for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella
      species, Serratia species, and Proteus species. Amikacin resistance among gram
      negative bacilli was observed to increase marginally from 1.4 to 1.7 percent (p
      less than 0.05) during the surveillance period, primarily due to a significant
      increase in resistance among P. aeruginosa (3.0 to 3.9 percent, p = 0.05). These
      data were compared with data from a similar surveillance program at the 700-bed
      Minneapolis Veterans Administration Medical Center. Over a period of 54 months,
      both gentamicin and tobramycin resistance decreased significantly when amikacin
      was used (p less than 0.001), then increased with reintroduction of gentamicin (p
      less than 0.05), and decreased significantly with reintroduction of amikacin (p
      less than 0.001). Despite predominant amikacin use for a total of 38 months,
      amikacin resistance did not increase and actually decreased significantly (p less
      than 0.05) in the last 12 months.

PMID- 4025365
TI  - Role of aminoglycosides as first-line therapy in multiple clinical settings.
      Proceedings of a symposium. February 1-2, 1985. Palm Springs, California.

PMID- 4025366
TI  - Use of aminoglycosides in immunocompromised patients.
AB  - For much of the last decade, combination therapy with aminoglycosides has been
      accepted as the therapeutic approach of choice in immunocompromised hosts.
      Improved clinical results have also correlated with the presence of synergistic
      interactions between the aminoglycoside and beta-lactam components of a regimen.
      Differences between the aminoglycosides and beta-lactam agents remain a subject
      of controversy. Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, Medical
      Center suggest that amikacin interacts more frequently in a synergistic manner
      with beta-lactams than do alternative aminoglycosides. Amikacin has been used
      experimentally and (following licensure) without reservation at the University of
      California, Los Angeles, Medical Center since 1973. Almost 100 blood isolates of
      both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae collected during the last
      12 years have been retested, and no evidence of increased aminoglycoside
      resistance was found. A relatively new development is interest in empiric
      therapeutic regimens that employ two beta-lactam agents. In a large, recently
      completed study, less satisfactory results were observed in P. aeruginosa
      infections treated with the "double beta-lactam" than in those treated with the
      regimen containing amikacin; furthermore, nephrotoxicity and eighth nerve damage
      occurred no more commonly in the group receiving amikacin than in recipients of
      the double beta-lactam regimen.

PMID- 4025368
TI  - Antibiotic treatment of complicated urologic infections. Six selected case
      studies.
AB  - The use of aminoglycosides in urology is limited primarily either to preoperative
      prophylaxis or to acutely ill patients. Frequently in this latter group, there is
      little margin for error, and the appropriate drug(s) must be given at the outset.
      In addition to receiving antibiotics, patients in distress should be resuscitated
      with fluids, evaluated to determine the cause of their sepsis, and promptly and
      definitively treated. It is important early in the course of therapy to drain the
      site of obstruction or abscess, remove foreign bodies, or debride necrotic areas
      if medical measures are to be successful. The rationale for selection of an
      aminoglycoside and treatment in these patients is discussed, using six case
      studies as illustrations.

PMID- 4025367
TI  - Treatment of pediatric infections with amikacin as first-line aminoglycoside.
AB  - Because of increased aminoglycoside resistance of hospital bacterial isolates,
      aminoglycoside sensitivity patterns of isolates in a large children's hospital
      were assessed before and during a 33-month period of almost exclusive amikacin
      use. There was no significant change in overall resistance rates of gram-negative
      enteric bacteria to gentamicin (4.8 percent and 4.6 percent), tobramycin (2.5
      percent and 3.6 percent), and amikacin (1.2 percent and 1.8 percent) from the pre
      amikacin period to the amikacin usage period, respectively. No significant
      differences were observed for isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Serratia,
      Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species. In contrast, significant decreases in
      gentamicin and tobramycin resistance rates for Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in gentamicin resistance of Proteus were found. Very
      little change in resistance of staphylococcal isolates was seen during a shorter
      evaluation period. Pediatric aminoglycoside usage includes therapy of neonatal
      infections, cystic fibrosis, febrile neutropenic episodes in patients with
      cancer, abdominal surgery, bacterial endocarditis, and gram-negative central
      nervous system infections. Amikacin has also been used successfully as single
      dose therapy of urinary tract infections, and acceptable cerebrospinal fluid
      levels of amikacin have been documented in hydrocephalic patients with
      ventriculitis. In vitro studies of 22 bacterial isolates demonstrated synergy
      between amikacin and penicillin or newer cephalosporins in 13, an additive effect
      in seven and indifference in two. No antagonism was found. In addition, in vivo
      synergy between imipenem and amikacin was found in neutropenic infant rats with
      P. aeruginosa sepsis using a strain with which no synergy was demonstrable in
      vitro. Amikacin is effective in pediatric infections and is well tolerated by
      children. Because excessive or inadequate levels are frequent with usually
      recommended doses, particularly in neonates and patients with compromised renal
      function or cystic fibrosis, serum levels should be monitored to minimize risk
      and to ensure therapeutic levels.

PMID- 4025369
TI  - Pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacilli.
AB  - Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia has become an increasingly important disease in
      immunosuppressed, elderly, and hospitalized patients. The clinical features,
      etiologic agents, population at risk, treatment, and outcome in patients with
      well-documented gram-negative pneumonia were compared in two groups of patients:
      those with bacteremic pneumonia and those with nonbacteremic pneumonia documented
      by transtracheal aspiration. Clinical features were frequently subtle in both
      groups. A wide range of gram-negative bacilli were implicated as pathogens and
      pneumonias documented by transtracheal aspiration were frequently mixed
      infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens were the most common
      pathogens causing bacteremic pneumonias, whereas Escherichia coli and Klebsiella
      were more common in the nonbacteremic group. Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia
      was frequently a lethal disease despite two-drug therapy, particularly in
      bacteremic patients.

PMID- 4025370
TI  - Identification and treatment of infections in multiply traumatized patients.
AB  - Trauma is the leading cause of death among young adults, and infection is a
      leading complication in multiply traumatized patients. All antibiotic use and all
      infections among 1,009 patients admitted to the Maryland Institute for Emergency
      Medical Services Systems over a six-month period were reviewed. The vast majority
      of patients had sustained high-speed automobile trauma and had blunt injuries.
      All antibiotics were given by the infectious diseases consultants under
      predetermined protocols. During this time period, 175 infections and 76
      bacteremias were identified. Thirty-three percent of the antibiotic use was for
      prophylaxis. Prophylactic antibiotics were used for open fractures, in which a
      cephalosporin was used; for abdominal trauma, in which an aminoglycoside and
      clindamycin or cefoxitin alone was used; and for penetrating open fractures of
      the oral cavity, in which penicillin was used. As therapy, the aminoglycosides
      were used in 25 percent, the cephalosporins in 21 percent, the penicillins in 39
      percent, and other antibiotics in 15 percent of the cases. The organisms
      identified as causing infection were Staphylococcus aureus (25 percent),
      Escherichia coli (18 percent), Enterobacter species (17 percent), Pseudomonas
      species (12 percent), and Klebsiella species (11 percent). The sites of
      infections were primary bacteremia (11 percent), vascular lines (21 percent), the
      central nervous system (3 percent), the lower respiratory tract (13 percent), the
      paranasal sinuses (6 percent), the urinary tract (19 percent), surgical wounds
      (11 percent), the abdomen (7 percent), and other sites (9 percent). More than 82
      percent of the infections that occurred were nosocomial in origin and were
      related to the various procedures used for monitoring and therapy in these
      critically ill patients. Infections of the abdominal cavity and the lower
      respiratory tract accounted for eight of the 10 infection-related deaths in these
      patients.

PMID- 4025372
TI  - Polypharmacy. Causes, consequences, and cure.

PMID- 4025371
TI  - Pure primary hyperaldosteronism due to adrenal cortical carcinoma.

PMID- 4025373
TI  - Analysis of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in patients treated with
      recombinant interferon alpha-2.
AB  - The most common dose-limiting toxicity of alpha interferon has been leukopenia.
      It is well documented that interferon inhibits human multipotential, erythroid,
      and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in vitro. Granulocyte-macrophage
      progenitor cells were evaluated by a colony-forming assay in patients treated
      with recombinant interferon alpha-2, and results of the assay were correlated
      with histologic findings in the same bone marrow aspirates and biopsy specimens
      from the same patients. Eleven patients received 10 million units/m2 interferon
      subcutaneously thrice weekly for three months. The bone marrow was evaluated on
      Day-3 (pretreatment) and Day 10 of treatment. Colony-forming granulocyte
      macrophage cell count fell from 40.9 +/- 7.6 colonies per 10(5) cells before
      treatment to 9.3 +/- 1.2 at Day 10 (mean +/- SE, p less than 0.001). It is
      concluded that the leukopenia induced by interferon is caused by inhibition of
      maturation of marrow progenitor cells preventing the repopulation of the
      peripheral blood.

PMID- 4025374
TI  - Benefit of intravenous IgG replacement in hypogammaglobulinemic patients with
      chronic sinopulmonary disease.
AB  - Seven patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and chronic sinopulmonary infections
      were treated with a preparation of intravenous gammaglobulin. In order to
      maintain levels of serum IgG at greater than 500 to 750 mg/dl four weeks after
      infusion, 0.6 g/kg was administered every month. Stable serum levels were
      achieved after three to eight months. After six to 12 months of this regimen,
      there was significant reduction in acute infections requiring hospitalization,
      amelioration of clinical and radiographic evidence of chronic maxillary
      sinusitis, and improvement in pulmonary symptoms and pulmonary function test
      results. The administration of increased amounts of IgG intravenously is of
      benefit in patients with chronic sinopulmonary infections.

PMID- 4025375
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis in acute bacterial meningitis.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (more than 50 percent lymphocytes or
      mononuclear cells) occurred in 14 of 103 cases of bacteriologically proved acute
      bacterial meningitis. Patients with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis accounted
      for 32 percent (13 of 41) of all patients with bacterial meningitis with a
      cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell concentration of 1,000/mm3 or less.
      Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis was significantly more common in neonates and
      in those without meningismus, but occurred in all ages and without any clear
      identifying clinical characteristics. The most common etiologic organisms were
      Streptococcus pneumonia (five), Neisseria meningitidis (two), and Hemophilus
      influenzae (two). Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis is common in acute bacterial
      meningitis when the cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell concentration is below
      1,000/mm3. It is therefore of little value in differentiating bacterial
      meningitis from viral, fungal, and tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 4025376
TI  - Shock and death in a 43-year-old woman.

PMID- 4025377
TI  - Correlation of a quinidine-induced platelet-specific antibody with development of
      thrombocytopenia.
AB  - The rapidity by which drug-dependent antiplatelet antibodies can develop is not
      known, since patients are only studied during or after the episode of
      thrombocytopenia. This report describes the development of quinidine-induced
      immune thrombocytopenia in a healthy volunteer during a drug study. The
      thrombocytopenia developed within two weeks of initiation of quinidine therapy.
      During the thrombocytopenic episode, but not before receiving the drug, the
      patient had an IgG antiplatelet antibody that bound to control platelets in the
      absence of the drug. This antibody was absent when the drug was discontinued and
      the platelet count rose. The patient's acute serum also induced the release of
      serotonin from control platelets, and the reaction was enhanced by quinidine.
      This indicates that drug-dependent antiplatelet antibodies can develop rapidly
      and supports the hypothesis that quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia is due to a
      quinidine-dependent platelet-specific IgG.

PMID- 4025378
TI  - Clostridium septicum septicemia with identical metastatic myonecroses in a
      granulocytopenic patient. Infectious disease emergency.
AB  - Clostridium septicum is a gram-positive, sporulating spindle-shaped rod. Gas
      gangrene secondary to trauma is not uncommon. However, nontraumatic clostridial
      infection causing myonecrosis is quite unusual. This is a unique case report of
      Clostridium septicum bacteremia with two simultaneously evolving metastatic foci
      of myonecrosis of the left arm and right thigh that developed in a patient with
      lymphoma when he became granulocytopenic during his hospital course.

PMID- 4025379
TI  - Chronic interstitial pulmonary fibrosis following Mycoplasma pneumoniae
      pneumonia.
AB  - An unusual case of chronic interstitial fibrosis that developed as a sequela of
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is described. Predominant manifestations included
      progressive exertional dyspnea, shortness of breath, persisting lung infiltrates,
      low lung volumes, and low pulmonary diffusing capacity. Open lung biopsy one year
      after the acute stage of mycoplasma pneumonia revealed focal interstitial
      fibrosis with early pleural thickening, hypertrophic alveolar lining cells, and
      peribronchiolar lymphoid cell infiltrates. Improvement in clinical
      manifestations, radiologic findings, and pulmonary function results occurred with
      steroid therapy.

PMID- 4025381
TI  - Advances in cephalosporin therapy: beyond the third generation.

PMID- 4025380
TI  - Reversible hyperthyrotropinemia, hyperthyroxinemia, and hyperprolactinemia due to
      adrenal insufficiency.
AB  - This 55-year-old woman presented with primary adrenal insufficiency that led to
      multiple endocrine gland dysfunctions. Despite symptoms suggestive of
      hypothyroidism, she had mildly elevated serum thyroid hormone levels associated
      with elevated thyrotropin levels, hyperprolactinemia, and mild hypercalcemia.
      These abnormalities corrected with corticosteroid replacement but could be
      reproduced, in part, when the corticosteroids were temporarily withdrawn. The
      findings in this patient suggest that physiologic concentrations of
      glucocorticoids modulate prolactin secretion and the pituitary-thyroid axis.
      Adrenal insufficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      hyperprolactinemia and hyperthyrotropinemia with or without associated
      hyperthyroxinemia.

PMID- 4025382
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of the third-generation cephalosporins.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of 10 of the newer, third-generation cephalosporins are
      reviewed. Important features are tabulated. Generalizations are made about
      structure-activity relationships, relationships between kinetic features, minimal
      inhibitory concentrations, dosage regimens, and tissue penetration. Tissue levels
      of ceftazidime are given as examples. These newer chemotherapeutic agents do not
      possess unique pharmacokinetic properties, but a combination of high
      antimicrobial activity, safety, and straightforward kinetics facilitates their
      use in a number of different clinical settings.

PMID- 4025383
TI  - Treatment of community-acquired pneumonias.
AB  - Community-acquired pneumonia resulting in hospitalization may have a mortality
      rate of 10 to 25 percent. The exact incidence of community-acquired pneumonia is
      unknown because it is not a reportable disease. The etiologic spectrum appears to
      be changing. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes most of the cases; the rank ordering
      of other pathogens is uncertain. With the exception of Legionella, colonization
      of the upper respiratory tract usually precedes clinical pneumonia. Subtle
      aspiration of the posterior pharyngeal flora accounts for the majority of
      pneumonias. The need for prompt antibiotic therapy mandates an efficient approach
      to diagnosis, although it is often difficult to establish a precise etiology.
      Empiric therapy is often initiated prior to an etiologic diagnosis, and should be
      as specific as possible. Initial choice of therapy is dictated by the clinical
      presentation (e.g., "bacterial-like" or "viral-like"), inquiries into the
      possibility of aspiration or gram-negative pneumonia, and the results of gram
      stain examination. When the clinical presentation and Gram-stain results are
      consistent with pneumococcal pneumonia, penicillin is the drug of choice. A more
      obtuse presentation in an otherwise healthy patient may call for erythromycin to
      cover Legionella and Mycoplasma. "Marginally compromised" hosts, such as
      alcoholics, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and elderly
      nursing home patients, may require empiric broad-spectrum cephalosporin therapy
      for the first few days. Prevention of pneumonia using available vaccines must be
      emphasized.

PMID- 4025384
TI  - Comparative toxicities of third-generation cephalosporins.
AB  - Data on the adverse effects experienced by 2,539 patients who received
      ceftazidime were compared with adverse effects reported with cefoperazone,
      cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, and moxalactam. There were 216 such reactions among the
      ceftazidime-treated patients; 158 patients (6.2 percent) had reactions that were
      possibly or probably drug-related. The clinical and laboratory safety profile of
      ceftazidime in regard to renal, hepatic, hematopoietic, and hemostatic parameters
      compared favorably with that of other third-generation cephalosporins. An
      increased serum creatinine level was observed in 0.8 percent of ceftazidime
      treated patients, an increased blood urea nitrogen level in 1.6 percent, hepatic
      abnormalities in approximately 6 percent, diarrhea in 1.3 percent,
      pseudomembranous colitis in 0.12 percent, increased prothrombin time in 0.5
      percent, and clinical bleeding in none. The incidence of colonization (3.8
      percent) and superinfections (3 percent) associated with ceftazidime therapy was
      comparable to rates with other agents in this class.

PMID- 4025385
TI  - Noonan syndrome: the changing phenotype.
AB  - Among the multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) syndromes, the Noonan syndrome (NS)
      is a cardiofacial syndrome in which affected individuals may be short and mildly
      mentally retarded. Autosomal dominant inheritance of Noonan syndrome with
      variable expressivity has been documented in many families. Genetic heterogeneity
      has been postulated in Noonan syndrome because of the wide phenotypic
      variability, the relatively high incidence, and the occasional recurrence in sibs
      with apparently normal parents. Clinical variability is usual in autosomal
      dominant disorders, and mildly affected individuals may be difficult to recognize
      as gene carriers. Thus, a family with two or more affected children may simulate
      autosomal recessive inheritance. We have studied serial and family photographs of
      NS individuals in order to assess the likelihood of gene carriers' being missed
      in genetic studies. We have confirmed wide clinical variability within families,
      and more importantly, we have documented marked change of phenotype with age from
      the newborn period, infancy, childhood, and adolescence to adulthood.
      Manifestations in adults may be subtle and some without a known heart defect or
      other medically significant problems may have been considered normal in the past.
      Our study, while not ruling out causal heterogeneity, suggests that the change of
      phenotype with age may have been falsely perceived as clinical heterogeneity. A
      particular and subtle phenotype must be searched for in parents of affected
      children.

PMID- 4025386
TI  - Gaucher disease: comparative study of acid phosphatase and glucocerebrosidase in
      normal and type-1 Gaucher tissues.
AB  - Acid phosphatase activity was determined in serum, cultured fibroblasts, and
      peripheral blood lymphocytes of six splenectomized adult patients with non
      neuropathic Gaucher disease in two Canadian families. Elevated levels of serum
      acid phosphatase activity (520-711% of normal) were found in four patients who
      also developed orthopedic complications associated with Gaucher disease,
      including intermittent bone pain, arthritis, collapse of femoral head, and
      pathological fractures. Serum acid phosphatase activity in two patients who do
      not have bone involvement were found to be within the normal range. Contrary to
      the serum enzyme, acid phosphatase activity in lymphocytes and cultured
      fibroblasts of all of the patients was within the normal range. Deficient
      glucocerebrosidase (7.5-15.5% of normal) and acid beta-glucosidase (13.8-27.8% of
      normal) activities were noted in all probands. Similarly, normal levels of
      fibroblast and lymphocyte acid phosphatase activity were found in Gaucher
      heterozygotes whose glucocerebrosidase activity was about 50% of normal. Acid
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and acid phosphatase activity staining of the
      patients' sera showed that the elevated acid phosphatase is isozyme type 5
      osteoclastic origin. The apparent Michaelis constant, Km, of fibroblast
      glucocerebrosidase for the natural substrate was 0.6 +/- 0.1 mM for controls and
      0.6 +/- 0.2 mM for the patients. These data suggest that the assay of serum acid
      phosphatase activity for the presumptive diagnosis of Gaucher disease is not
      completely reliable and that the elevated level of serum acid phosphatase in
      Gaucher disease is most likely a secondary phenomenon which may be indicative of
      bone involvement in some patients with this disorder. It also demonstrates the
      clinical heterogeneity of type 1 Gaucher disease, even among full sibs of the
      same heterozygous parents.

PMID- 4025387
TI  - Differential diagnosis in young women with oligomenorrhea and the pseudo
      pseudohypoparathyroidism variant of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy.
AB  - Oligomenorrhea was the reason for consultation in three individuals (two sisters
      and one unrelated woman) with the pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) variant
      of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO). All had short stature, Ullrich
      Turner-like signs, acral anomalies typical of AHO/brachydactyly E, and
      hypogonadism. One of the three individuals also had reduced erythrocyte NS (a
      membrane nucleotide regulatory protein that is required for functional coupling
      of stimulatory hormone receptors and catalytic adenylate cyclase) activity as
      described in the pseudohypoparathyroidism variant of AHO. The differential
      diagnosis of young women with the PPHP phenotype is discussed with special
      reference to Ullrich-Turner syndrome, brachydactyly E, the "resistant ovary"
      syndrome, and acrodysostosis.

PMID- 4025388
TI  - Osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism: report of a further patient with
      manifestations similar to those seen in patients with types I and III.
AB  - We describe a female infant with low birthweight osteodysplastic microcephalic
      dwarfism. The child has many manifestations in common with those seen in
      osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism types I and III. The classification of this
      heterogeneous group of disorders is discussed in the light of the above case.

PMID- 4025389
TI  - Similarity of effects--experimental hyperthermia as a teratogen and maternal
      febrile illness associated with oromandibular and limb defects.
AB  - Experimental hyperthermia in pregnancy causes oromandibular and limb anomalies.
      In humans, hyperthermia has been suspected of being teratogenic. Two patients
      were investigated; both had limb defects and one had oromandibular anomalies.
      Their mothers had a febrile illness at about the 10th wk of gestation. The
      similarity of defects produced by experimental hyperthermia and those reported
      here is striking.

PMID- 4025390
TI  - Chondrodysplasia punctata in an infant with duplication 16p due to a 7;16
      translocation.
AB  - This paper describes a newborn with a number of clinical manifestations
      compatible with duplication 16p due to a 46, XY, -7, +der (7), t(7;16) (p22;p13)
      pat karyotype. In addition, the baby had chondrodysplasia punctata, whose
      distribution of lesions did not match any of the well-documented forms of these
      disorders. The baby also had microcornea and lacked a gallbladder, two features,
      in addition to chondrodysplasia punctata, that have not previously been noted in
      cases of duplication 16p.

PMID- 4025391
TI  - Phenotype-karyotype correlations in dup(18q): report of a case and review.
AB  - We report on a case of dup(18q) due to de novo translocation 46,XX,
      21,t(18;21)(18qter----cen----21qter). The patient had many characteristic signs
      of full trisomy 18 except for internal organ malformations and early death. We
      review the phenotype-karyotype correlations between full trisomy 18 and dup(18q)
      and discuss the possibility of the existence of "critical zone(s)" at the
      proximal or/and distal region of 18q responsible for most signs of trisomy 18,
      such as congenital heart defect and early death.

PMID- 4025392
TI  - Plasma/serum myoglobin in prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 4025393
TI  - The role of mesenchyme-like tissue in the pathogenesis of thanatophoric
      dysplasia.
AB  - We have studied the light microscopic, transmission, and scanning electron
      microscopic (SEM) findings in 13 cases of thanathophoric dysplasia (TD) and 4
      control infants. In the TD growth plate, areas with less abnormal cartilage and
      bone alternated with areas of severely abnormal cartilage and bone. These latter
      abnormal areas were always found around tongues of apparent mesenchymal tissue
      that appeared to penetrate from the investing perichondrium and periosteum. The
      ultrastructure of the less abnormal areas was similar to that of the control
      infants, including cell and matrix structure as well as mineralization. The
      abnormal cartilage and bone had many ultrastructural abnormalities that were also
      found in the adjacent mesenchymal tissue. The mesenchymal cells, adjacent
      chondrocytes, and osteoblasts contained dilated endoplasmic reticulum and
      moderately large intracytoplasmic vacuoles. In the area adjacent to the
      cartilage, the matrix of the apparent mesenchyme contained thin collagen fibers
      and proteoglycan granules, whereas the matrix adjacent to the bone contained
      thick bundles of short collagen fibers. The matrix of the surrounding cartilage
      and bone resembled the adjacent matrix in the mesenchyme. In addition, many
      vesicular structures or osmiophilic particles were found in the matrix of the
      mesenchyme and adjacent cartilage and bone. SEM examination showed normal and
      abnormal bone trabeculae adjacent to each other. In the abnormal trabeculae,
      there were large, densely packed osteoblastic and osteocytic lacunae. The
      calcified collagen fibers had a random orientation, in contrast to the
      longitudinal orientation in the relatively normal bone. Chemical studies of
      collagen in the metaphyses of bones from five infants with TD showed a small
      amount of collagen type III (less than 5%), which was not found in three control
      infants. Thus, a basic pathogenetic mechanism in the skeletal abnormalities of TD
      appears to be the focal replacement of the growth plate and periosteum by
      persisting abnormal mesenchymal-like tissue from which the abnormal bone
      originates.

PMID- 4025394
TI  - Unusual type of brachydactyly associated with short stature and facial anomalies.
      A new syndrome?
AB  - We report on a 10-year-old boy with short stature, mild microcephaly, malar
      hypoplasia, highly arched palate, prominent upper incisors, micrognathia, and
      unusual digital anomalies involving the proximal phalanges of fingers 2-5 of both
      hands. To our knowledge, this is a hitherto undescribed syndrome.

PMID- 4025395
TI  - A new family with fra(10)(q25): spontaneous expression and 100% expression with
      100 microM BrdU.
AB  - We report on a family with fra(10)(q25) ascertained through a female with
      multiple minor anomalies and present in her phenotypically normal father and
      other family members. The site is expressed spontaneously at levels of 9% in
      lymphocytes, 2% in lymphoblasts, and 6% in skin fibroblasts. Expression frequency
      is significantly enhanced to levels as high as 100% by addition of BrdU to the
      culture medium. The consistently high level of induced expression in lymphoblasts
      from the proband facilitates analysis of the biochemical and structural bases of
      fragile site expression.

PMID- 4025396
TI  - An X-linked recessive basal ganglia disorder with mental retardation.
AB  - We report a previously apparently undescribed, X-linked recessive basal ganglia
      disorder segregating in three generations of one family. The affected patients
      were variably mentally retarded, although some showed strengths in oral reading
      and memory. Most affected males had frontal bossing and increased head
      circumference with large calvaria in relation to facial bones. Their height and
      weight did not differ from that of other relatives; testicular size was average,
      chromosomes were normal, and results of laboratory investigations for known
      metabolic disorders were normal. All patients examined had neurological
      impairment, including persistent frontal lobe reflexes, cogwheel rigidity,
      postural changes, and Parkinsonian-type tremors. Some had strabismus; several had
      seizures. Although carriers of the condition were not consistently abnormal, two
      had suggestive signs. No definitive indication of the disorder was documented in
      infancy in any affected male, and it is possible that this could be due to lack
      of careful prospective clinical evaluation rather than to the absence of symptoms
      in early life.

PMID- 4025397
TI  - A new X-linked mental retardation syndrome.
AB  - We have studied a three-generation family with 11 moderately to severely retarded
      males and three mildly retarded females (presumably manifesting carriers). The
      patients have a phenotype different from that of all other previously described
      types of X-linked MR (XLMR). These include short stature, macrocephaly, "coarse"
      facial appearance including prominent forehead and supraorbital ridges,
      hypertelorism, broad nasal tip with anteverted nostrils, and thick lips. All
      postpubertal males had macroorchidism (volume greater than 25 ml). Chromosomes
      were normal including fragile X analysis. X-ray findings of skull, spine, and
      hands were normal. The intellectually normal relatives do not resemble their
      affected relatives except for increased head size and testicular size. These
      findings suggest a new variant of XLMR different from fragile X-linked MR, the
      Coffin-Lowry syndrome, and other XLMR conditions.

PMID- 4025398
TI  - Weaver syndrome with pes cavus.
AB  - Few cases have been described of the Weaver syndrome, an overgrowth syndrome with
      advanced skeletal age. Here we report bilateral pes cavus in an affected girl.

PMID- 4025399
TI  - Variance components analysis of forced expiration in families.
AB  - Familial aggregation of forced expiration (as measured by forced expiratory
      volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and the ratio of this to total forced vital capacity
      (FEV1/FVC) was analyzed in 439 adult members of 108 families ascertained through
      control patients who had participated in a genetic and epidemiologic study of
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Residual values for both FEV1 and FEV1/FVC
      obtained from regression on age, sex, race, and cigarette smoking (and height for
      FEV1) were used in a variance components analysis to assess the relative
      importance of genetic and nongenetic factors influencing familial aggregation of
      pulmonary function among adults. For both residual FEV1 and residual FEV1/FVC,
      the "best" model among a series of genetic and nongenetic models was a simple
      additive genetic model. A modified score test, which is robust to the assumption
      of multivariate normality, was used to test the significance of these estimated
      components. Under the most parsimonious model, additive genetic variation
      accounted for 28% of the variation in residual FEV1 in 108 families and 24% of
      the variation in residual FEV1/FVC. After outlying individuals were identified by
      examining goodness-of-fit statistics, the simple genetic model still gave the
      best fit to these data. There was little indication of non-normality in FEV1 in
      these families; however, FEV1/FVC did show evidence of non-normality when
      examining goodness-of-fit statistics. This genetic component contributing to the
      distribution of forced expiration may be a factor in the familial aggregation of
      certain respiratory diseases.

PMID- 4025400
TI  - Vascular abnormalities in a fetus with multiple pterygia.
AB  - We describe a 16-week fetus with a lethal multiple pterygium syndrome and
      hydrops. No bony abnormalities were noted on radiographic or anatomical
      examination. A prominent meshwork of dilated, thin-walled vessels was present in
      the subcutis over the entire body. This abnormal vascularity may have caused
      pterygium formation and death of the fetus.

PMID- 4025401
TI  - Anomalies in an infant with Nager acrofacial dysostosis.
AB  - We report on an infant with Nager acrofacial dysostosis, laryngeal and epiglottic
      hypoplasia, abnormal septation of the right middle lobe of the lung, hypoplastic
      right first rib, and dislocation of the right hip. These findings suggest the
      possibility that patients with the Nager syndrome may have other developmental
      defects in addition to the facial and acral anomalies associated with this
      syndrome.

PMID- 4025402
TI  - Krabbe disease: increased incidence in a highly inbred community.
AB  - Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy) was found with very high incidence
      (6/1,000 live births) in a large Druze kindred in Israel. The clinical data on 12
      of the affected children demonstrated clinical variability even though these
      children are homozygous for the same mutation by descent from a common ancestor.

PMID- 4025403
TI  - Reduction of fragile X expression in blood after cryopreservation.
AB  - Frequency of fragile X expression was investigated before and after
      cryopreservation (-196 degrees C) in the blood of 4 affected males, 3 fragile X
      carriers and in a fibroblast cell strain from a fragile X male fetus. The results
      indicate that there is a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in the frequency
      of the fragile X expression in lymphocytes after cryopreservation, as compared to
      the fresh blood, but not in fibroblasts. This suggests that cryopreserved blood
      specimens may not be suitable for fragile X analysis.

PMID- 4025404
TI  - Apert syndrome with frontonasal encephalocele.
AB  - We describe a female infant with Apert syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly, type I)
      and a frontonasal encephalocele with unremarkable family history.

PMID- 4025405
TI  - Ruvalcaba syndrome.

PMID- 4025406
TI  - Relationship of upbringing to later behavior disturbance of mildly mentally
      retarded young people.
AB  - Factors were examined that might explain the higher rate of behavior disturbance
      found in a population of mildly mentally retarded young adults compared with
      nonretarded peers. Results showed that neurological impairment, found in one
      third of the retarded subjects, was not a factor. Three results supported the
      explanation that instability of upbringing was responsible for the difference in
      behavior disturbance: a significant relationship was found between upbringing and
      behavior disturbance for both retarded and nonretarded subjects; conditions of
      upbringing were significantly more unstable among the retarded than nonretarded
      subjects; and when upbringing was held constant for both sets of subjects, no
      differences were found in behavior disturbance.

PMID- 4025407
TI  - Self-preservation ability and residential fire emergencies: replication and
      criterion-validity study.
AB  - In a previous study MacEachron and Janicki (1983) used the National Bureau of
      Standards approach to measuring self-preservation ability to estimate the
      prevalence of such skills in the New York State service population of 47,000
      developmentally disabled persons. In the present study we replicated their
      results in another state serving 8,000 developmentally disabled persons.
      Moreover, we found that the operationalized National Bureau of Standards'
      measurement was a good predictor of a criterion measure of self-preservation
      ability. These results suggest the general feasibility of using these
      measurements to estimate prevalence, focus intervention strategies and capital
      expenditures to specific areas of need, and provide information to facilitate
      appropriate residential placement.

PMID- 4025408
TI  - Everyday cognition among mildly mentally retarded adults: an ethnographic
      approach.
AB  - Participant-observation techniques were used to study the everyday cognition and
      problem-solving process in marketing tasks defined and organized by mildly
      mentally retarded adults. Observations were systematized in terms of five primary
      functional units: logistics, activity goal, item selection, quantity selection,
      and payment strategy. Results revealed five "composites" of strategic behavior
      used by these adults that represent characteristic ways of addressing problematic
      aspects of this everyday task environment. An association between composite and
      early life experiences was also shown. These results were used to characterize
      further the nature of everyday cognitive behavior, including discussions of the
      nature of everyday performance, the "externalization" of cognition through the
      explicit design of settings, and the presence and utility of retarded adult's
      metacognitive skills.

PMID- 4025409
TI  - Situational anxiety and everyday life experiences of mildly mentally retarded
      adults.
AB  - Situational (A-state) anxiety reactions of mildly mentally retarded adults were
      studied using a self-report anxiety inventory under four sets of conditions
      ranging from presumed high to low stress. The effects of work experiences and
      social activity on situational anxiety were also examined, as was the
      relationship between anxiety and performance on an observational task.
      Significant results show higher overall anxiety under stressful conditions and
      lower anxiety scores for individuals who are employed and who are socially
      active. A high positive correlation was found between anxiety level and
      performance. The implications of these findings for understanding the emotional
      life and everyday competence of retarded adults were discussed.

PMID- 4025410
TI  - Variables related to body-weight status of mentally retarded adults.
AB  - Mentally retarded male and female adult subjects displayed mean body weights in
      excess of their ideal weights; excessive body weight of females was also apparent
      in comparison to normative data for the United States. Maintenance of appropriate
      weight appeared to be more likely in a controlled residential setting than in the
      natural home environment. These sex and environmental relationships could not be
      explained by medication and dietary programming differences, and age, race, and
      level of retardation were unrelated to body weight.

PMID- 4025411
TI  - Controlling pica by components of an overcorrection procedure.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that pica, the ingestion of inedible objects, can be
      effectively controlled in mentally retarded subjects using a two- or three
      component overcorrection procedure or with one of these components in conjunction
      with another response-reduction procedure, differential reinforcement of other
      behavior. The present study showed that one of the components, oral hygiene,
      could eliminate pica by 2 retarded subjects when used alone. Although oral
      hygiene was the most effective component, each of the other components, tidying
      and personal hygiene, did decrease pica. In a later phase we found that a number
      of different therapists could easily and effectively implement the oral hygiene
      procedure.

PMID- 4025412
TI  - Influence of planning time and first-move strategy on Tower of Hanoi problem
      solving performance of mentally retarded young adults and nonretarded children.
AB  - Because the ability to plan ahead is essential for successful solution of
      transformation problems, it is reasonable to assume that planning time will be
      positively related to performance. In two experiments using a computer-interfaced
      Tower of Hanoi problem, however, the planning time of retarded young adults was,
      on the average, as long as or longer than the planning time of higher performing
      nonretarded children. In neither group was there a reliable correlation between
      planning time and performance. There were group differences in preferred
      strategies, which we speculated were associated with a deeper search capacity
      available to the nonretarded children. What takes place during planning time is a
      more relevant source of group and individual differences than is the duration of
      planning time.

PMID- 4025413
TI  - Spontaneous rehearsal by mildly mentally retarded children and adolescents.
AB  - The use of a rehearsal strategy by 10-, 12-, and 14-year-old mildly mentally
      retarded children and adolescents was investigated using a self-paced recall
      readiness task. This task, in contrast to those typically used to study rehearsal
      by retarded individuals, allowed subjects to study items in any order as many
      times as desired. Each age group used rehearsal, as indicated by increasing study
      time patterns and the number of repetitions per item. We suggest that previous
      studies have failed to detect rehearsal by retarded persons because the tasks
      used have constrained the range of possible types of study behavior. The
      implication of this finding for rehearsal deficit theories was discussed.

PMID- 4025414
TI  - Comparison of word-supply and word-analysis error-correction procedures on oral
      reading by mentally retarded children.
AB  - An alternating treatments design was used to measure the differential effects of
      two error-correction procedures (word supply and word analysis) and a no-training
      control condition on the number of oral-reading errors made by four moderately
      mentally retarded children. Results showed that when compared to the no-training
      control condition, both error-correction procedures greatly reduced the number of
      oral-reading errors of all subjects. The word-analysis method, however, was
      significantly more effective than was word supply. In terms of collateral
      behavior, the number of self-corrections of errors increased under both
      intervention conditions when compared to the baseline and no-training control
      conditions. For 2 subjects there was no difference in the rate of self
      corrections under word analysis and word supply but for the other 2, a greater
      rate was achieved under word analysis.

PMID- 4025415
TI  - Differences in semantic processing speed of mentally retarded and nonretarded
      persons.
AB  - A modified Sternberg choice-reaction time procedure was used to compare
      differences in the speed with which mentally retarded and nonretarded adults were
      able to retrieve recently stored information from short-term memory and process
      permanently stored semantic information. Results revealed that the retarded
      adults were slower than were the nonretarded adults in both domains of
      processing; the relative magnitude of "processing inefficiency" exhibited by the
      retarded subjects was quite similar across the two domains (47% and 57% as
      efficient as the nonretarded subjects in short-term and long-term memory
      processing, respectively). This similarity suggests that inefficient processing
      may represent a fundamental deficiency of retarded individuals resulting from the
      inefficient execution of some central processing mechanism.

PMID- 4025416
TI  - High-speed memory-scanning task performance of mildly mentally retarded and
      nonretarded individuals.
AB  - Mildly mentally retarded and CA-matched nonretarded subjects were required to
      memorize lists of English letters and Chinese characters varying in length from
      one to four elements. Single probe letters or characters were presented following
      memorization. The subject responded yes if the probe was a member of the
      memorized list or no if it was not. Subjects were encouraged to respond quickly
      but without making errors. Choice reaction times (RTs) were measured from probe
      onset to the depression of the yes or no response key upon which the index finger
      of the appropriate hand rested. Retarded subjects demonstrated slower overall
      choice mean RTs relative to the nonretarded group. Results also suggest that the
      processing difference lies in the memory scanning as opposed to the
      encoding/decision/response component of the linear model (Sternberg, 1969);
      however, this suggestion is limited by the disparity of the group data sets.

PMID- 4025417
TI  - Effects of different living settings on the performance of mentally retarded
      individuals.
AB  - Motivation for adult attention and support, wariness, and expectancy of success
      over a 2-year period were assessed for 58 mentally retarded individuals residing
      in either large central institutions, regional centers, or group homes. Males
      were found to be more responsive to social reinforcement than were females in all
      living settings. Wariness was found to increase over time in the large central
      institutions, whereas it decreased in the smaller settings. Individuals with
      greater preinstitutional social deprivation had a lower expectancy of success. In
      addition, over the 2-year period, the expectancy of success of individuals from
      high-deprived backgrounds remained low, whereas it increased for individuals from
      less socially deprived preinstitutional backgrounds.

PMID- 4025418
TI  - Stigma perception: social comparison among mentally retarded persons.
AB  - Two studies were conducted in order to determine whether a group concept problem
      (i.e., relatively unfavorable opinions of other retarded persons; Gibbons, 1981):
      (a) includes retarded persons' perceptions of their peers' social desirability,
      such as dating appeal and physical attractiveness; (b) occurs among persons
      living in community settings; and (c) differs by sex. Results provided
      affirmative answers for all questions and indicated that the problem is most
      severe among community women. In addition, there was evidence of self-derogation
      among both community-based and institutionalized retarded persons in terms of
      social success (e.g., dating behavior). I suggested that this type of person
      perception may be interfering with retarded persons' social behavior and their
      adjustment to community-based and institutional environments.

PMID- 4025419
TI  - Diagnostic tests in obstetrics: a method for improved evaluation.
AB  - With the proliferation of diagnostic tests in obstetrics, several recurrent
      questions arise. How does one determine whether one diagnostic test is superior
      to another available test? What test cutoff value best separates diseased from
      nondiseased patients? How much does performance of additional tests assist in
      arriving at a correct diagnosis? This article reviews a simple yet sophisticated
      analytic technique, the receiver operating characteristic curve, and demonstrates
      its application to several obstetric diagnostic tests. Receiver operating
      characteristic curve analysis is used to select a cutoff value for the 1-hour
      glucose tolerance test, to compare amniotic fluid tests of fetal lung maturity,
      and to determine the optimal combinations of factors and overall performance of
      the fetal biophysical profile. The value of receiver operating characteristic
      curve analysis lies in providing a clear graphic analysis of the performance of
      diagnostic tests over their entire range of values. It also provides the starting
      point for evaluating the costs and benefits of alternative cutoff points in
      differing clinical settings.

PMID- 4025420
TI  - Cesarean section deliveries among adolescent mothers enrolled in a comprehensive
      prenatal care program.
AB  - A comparison was made of the incidences of cesarean section deliveries between
      mothers 18 years of age or younger and those 19 to 21 years of age, all of whom
      were enrolled in a comprehensive program of prenatal care. Also compared were the
      indications for surgical delivery between the two groups. The rate of cesarean
      section deliveries was 8.7% among mothers 18 years of age or younger, compared to
      14.5% among mothers 19 to 21 years of age. The general-ward cesarean section rate
      at the same hospital was 19.4%. Since maternal height and weight, and infant's
      birth weight may affect the diagnosis of cephalopelvic disproportion, these
      parameters were also evaluated. However, these did not differ significantly
      between mothers 18 years of age or younger and those 19 to 21 years of age or
      between vaginal and surgical births in mothers 18 years of age or younger. Thus,
      cephalopelvic disproportion did not contribute importantly to the cesarean
      section rate.

PMID- 4025421
TI  - Association of elective repeat cesarean delivery and persistent pulmonary
      hypertension of the newborn.
AB  - Seventy-one cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn have been
      reviewed in an attempt to identify possibly preventable causes. Three groups of
      infants were identified. The first group consisted of 36 infants with evidence of
      perinatal asphyxia. The second group was made up of 23 infants who exhibited a
      variety of associated factors including pneumonia, septic shock, and congenital
      diaphragmatic hernia. A third group included 12 infants delivered by elective
      repeat cesarean section. Infants in the third group did not have evidence of
      perinatal asphyxia, meconium aspiration, or infection. Chest roentgenograms
      revealed amniotic fluid aspiration in seven cases, retained lung fluid in three
      cases, and normal findings in two cases. All 12 infants in the third group
      developed respiratory distress which eventually progressed to respiratory failure
      and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. These data suggest that
      infants of elective repeat cesarean deliveries are at risk for developing
      persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and constitute a group of
      patients with a potentially preventable course of events.

PMID- 4025422
TI  - Thiazide diuretics and bone mineral content in postmenopausal women.
AB  - This retrospective study of 54 postmenopausal women taking thiazide diuretics
      found that bone mineral measurements and bone fracture prevalence did not differ
      significantly from those of matched control subjects. Matching on the variables
      of type of menopause (surgical/nonsurgical), years postmenopausal, duration of
      estrogen therapy (if any), daily intake of dietary and supplemental calcium and
      vitamin D, and Quetelet index was done without knowledge of the bone mineral
      measurements. Bone mass was recorded as the bone mineral content and bone density
      of the distal and midshaft radius. Only fractures associated with osteoporosis
      (hip, rib, vertebrae, and wrist) were recorded. This study suggests that thiazide
      diuretics do not provide protection against osteoporosis.

PMID- 4025423
TI  - Asymptomatic parturient women with high-virulence bacteria in the amniotic fluid.
AB  - This study describes the postpartum course of asymptomatic parturient women who
      had greater than or equal to 10(2) cfu of high-virulence (HV) bacteria per
      milliliter of amniotic fluid. Of 60 asymptomatic parturient women with greater
      than or equal to 10(2) cfu of HV bacteria per milliliter of amniotic fluid, 27
      (48%) remained asymptomatic in the puerperium, 16 (27%) developed fever only, and
      17 (28%) developed endometritis. In asymptomatic versus symptomatic women, there
      were no statistically significant differences in number or type of isolates or in
      length of membrane rupture or labor-to-collection interval. However, there were
      significant differences in the intervals from collection to delivery and in the
      rate of cesarean section delivery. For comparison, 40 of these patients were
      matched with women in whom only low-virulence organisms were detected in the
      amniotic fluid. In the HV group, 16 women (40%) remained asymptomatic, 15 (37.5%)
      developed fever only, and nine (22.5%) had endometritis. In the low-virulence
      group, 27 women (67.5%) remained asymptomatic, 10 (25%) developed fever only, one
      (2.5%) developed endometritis 10 days post partum, and two (5%) had other
      infections (p less than 0.01). Clinically evident uterine infection depends upon
      type and numbers of bacteria in utero, duration of bacteria in utero, and route
      of delivery.

PMID- 4025424
TI  - Maternal heart rate in pregnancy.
AB  - Serial morning heart rates were obtained from 10 women runners prior to and
      during pregnancy. By 8 weeks' menstrual age, maternal heart rate had risen 8 bpm
      with an overall pregnancy-associated increase of 16 bpm. Potential mechanisms are
      discussed.

PMID- 4025425
TI  - Vitamin E concentrations in serum of newborn infants after topical use of vitamin
      E by nursing mothers.

PMID- 4025426
TI  - Laser treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in an office setting.
AB  - One hundred eighty-six patients underwent carbon dioxide laser treatment of
      cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Both vaporization and excisional procedures
      were performed in an office setting without difficulty. Thirty-nine patients
      (36.4%) had grade 1, 38 (35.6%) had grade 2, and 30 (28%) had grade 3. Among 107
      patients followed up for at least 6 months, there were two treatment failures
      (5.1%) in the grade 1 group and no treatment failures for grades 2 and 3. The
      overall success rate for all grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 98%
      for a single laser treatment. Our ability to use the laser to excise a specimen,
      as well as to treat large and endocervical lesions, allowed the office treatment
      of many patients who would otherwise have required hospitalization.

PMID- 4025427
TI  - Conservative management of small bowel obstruction.
AB  - Intestinal Cantor tubes were used in the management of 69 gynecologic patients
      with pelvic malignancies who presented with small bowel obstruction. Small bowel
      obstruction was secondary to radiation injury, persistent or recurrent carcinoma,
      or postoperative adhesions. Thirty-one patients (45%) in this series had
      successful resolution of their small bowel obstruction with a Cantor tube,
      including 12 of 14 patients (86%) with postoperative adhesions. Complete
      obstruction of the small bowel was the only prognostic factor definitely
      associated with tube failure. Seventy percent of all patients had successful
      passage of the tube on one attempt, and no major complications were encountered.
      The Cantor tube has proved to be safe, effective, and easy to use, and guidelines
      for the management of it are included. Cantor tube decompression should be
      considered in the initial management of small bowel obstruction, since a
      significant percentage of the patients with this condition will not require
      surgical intervention.

PMID- 4025428
TI  - Fetal heart rate accelerations and fetal movements in twin pregnancies.
AB  - The rate of fetal heart rate accelerations associated with fetal movements to
      total fetal movements of twin pregnancies was found to be significantly lower
      than that of pregnancies with singleton infants. The number of fetal heart rate
      accelerations was similar. As fetal heart rate accelerations are reflective of
      fetal movements, the results indicate increased fetal activity in twins that is
      related to an additive effect of two normally active fetuses.

PMID- 4025429
TI  - Experimental evidence for the progress of labor with the increase in the force of
      cervical dilatation after rupture of the membranes.
AB  - To examine the mechanical forces involved in cervical distention, actual tensions
      of the fetal membranes up to the bursting level were measured experimentally with
      the use of five circular membrane holders that simulate various cervical
      dilatations (radii 1 to 5 cm). The results show that the force of cervical
      dilatation with the head alone increases remarkably as the cervix dilates, and
      this force is always larger than that when the membranes are intact. Thus the
      membranes appear to interfere with effective cervical dilatation and progress of
      labor after fixation of the fetal head to the cervix.

PMID- 4025430
TI  - Uterine and whole body oxygen extractions in the pregnant rabbit under chronic
      steady-state conditions.
AB  - Seventeen pregnant rabbits were studied under conscious, unstressed conditions
      after catheterization of the right ventricle (RV), a femoral artery (A), and a
      uterine vein (UV). Respiratory gas tensions, pH, and oxygen saturations and
      contents were determined serially throughout the latter half of gestation. The
      uterine coefficient of oxygen extraction increased with gestational age (R =
      0.86) and became 60.6% +/- 0.3% during the last 4 days of pregnancy. To compare
      uterine perfusion with whole body perfusion in relationship to oxygen demands,
      the (Ao2 - UVo2/Ao2 - RVo2) ratio was computed. The ratio was greater than or
      equal to 1 after 20 days of gestation, which demonstrated that in regard to
      oxygen demands the rabbit uterus is relatively underperfused compared to the rest
      of the maternal organism in the last part of pregnancy. A comparison with
      analogous data in other species demonstrates that the pregnant rabbit, like the
      guinea pig, has a much lower rate of uterine blood flow than does the pregnant
      sheep. These interspecies differences in the perfusion rate and oxygen extraction
      of the pregnant uterus are related to differences in placental structure.

PMID- 4025431
TI  - Erythrocyte filterability and fetal development in normal pregnancy.
AB  - The relationship between maternal erythrocyte filterability determined in late
      pregnancy and infant birth weight was studied in uncomplicated pregnancy. There
      was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.7671, p less than 0.005). Maternal
      erythrocyte filterability is suggested to be an indicator of flow state of the
      placental microcirculation, which affects fetal development.

PMID- 4025432
TI  - Total sulfhydryl compounds in human seminal plasma.

PMID- 4025433
TI  - Dickinson's sign: focal uterine softening in early pregnancy and its correlation
      with the placental site.
AB  - Focal uterine softening, characteristic of early pregnancy, is usually known as
      Piskacek's or von Braun-Fernwald's sign but should be attributed to Robert Latou
      Dickinson, who first described it in 1982. The presence or absence of Dickinson's
      sign was carefully noted in 1040 pregnant patients seeking abortions. The weeks
      of gestation, location of uterine softening, and correlation with placental site
      were also studied. This sign reliably showed the placental site, hence its
      unequivocal presence nearly proves the presence of intrauterine pregnancy and
      precludes the existence of tubal pregnancy. It was present in most pregnancies
      between 6 and 11 menstrual weeks, and its presence after 14 weeks should make
      menstrual dates suspect or signal the possibility of a septate or bicornuate
      uterus.

PMID- 4025434
TI  - The mortality risk associated with hysterectomy.
AB  - To study the risks of mortality associated with hysterectomy that are specific to
      age, race, surgical approach, and associated conditions, we used data collected
      by the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities during 1979 and 1980.
      Four hundred seventy-seven deaths were recorded among 317,389 women having
      abdominal hysterectomies and 46 deaths among 119,972 women having vaginal
      hysterectomies. The mortality rates for hysterectomy, standardized for age and
      race, were higher for procedures associated with pregnancy or cancer than for
      procedures not associated with these conditions (29.2, 37.8, and 6.0 per 10,000
      procedures, respectively). Hysterectomies associated with pregnancy or cancer
      constituted 8% of all hysterectomies performed. However, 61% of all deaths
      occurred in women with pregnancy- or cancer-related conditions. The mortality
      rate associated with hysterectomy increased with age and was twice as high among
      black women.

PMID- 4025435
TI  - Cord blood glycosylated (glycated) hemoglobin: correlation with maternal
      glycosylated (glycated) hemoglobin and birth weight.
AB  - Maternal and cord blood glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured by an
      affinity chromatographic method in three groups: normal women (nondiabetic women
      who gave birth to infants that were normal for gestational age); test women
      (women who had no evidence of glucose intolerance with screening procedures and
      who gave birth to large-for-gestational age infants); and women with gestational
      diabetes. In all cases the level of cord blood glycosylated hemoglobin was
      approximately 40% less than the corresponding maternal blood levels, and no
      correlation could be detected between maternal and cord blood concentrations. The
      reference range for glycosylated hemoglobin in the normal maternal population was
      similar to that for nonpregnant adults. There was no significant difference in
      cord and maternal glycosylated hemoglobin levels among the three groups, although
      a slight upward trend was detected in the diabetic group. There was a lack of
      correlation of cord and maternal glycosylated hemoglobin with birth weight in all
      three groups. The implications of these findings are discussed in respect to the
      usefulness of cord and maternal glycosylated hemoglobin in retrospective
      screening for gestational diabetes.

PMID- 4025436
TI  - Intraligamentary pregnancy resulting in a live infant.
AB  - Presented is the case of a woman with an ectopic pregnancy in the left broad
      ligament, which resulted in a live, healthy infant. Despite the characteristic
      history of an abdominal crisis early in pregnancy and complaints of abdominal
      pain throughout pregnancy, the correct diagnosis was not established until
      cesarean section.

PMID- 4025437
TI  - Mondor's disease in the breast.
AB  - Mondor's disease is thrombophlebitis of a vein on the anterolateral
      thoracoabdominal wall. When it involves the breast it may cause undue
      apprehension. The characteristic appearance is described and illustrated. A
      mammogram is shown.

PMID- 4025438
TI  - Benign nevus (ephelis) of the uterine cervix.

PMID- 4025439
TI  - Use of the Deaver retractor for exteriorization of ovarian cysts at laparotomy.
AB  - A method for the delivery of large benign ovarian cysts through the abdominal
      incision with use of the Deaver retractor is described. This method has
      facilitated the intact delivery of 11 large benign ovarian cysts in cases in
      which the abdominal incision was relatively small without the need of extending
      or modifying it.

PMID- 4025440
TI  - Small bowel obstruction secondary to a prior Moschcowitz procedure.
AB  - The Moschcowitz procedure has been advocated for the correction of large
      enteroceles. Documented complications of this technique are rare. Following is a
      review of this procedure with the presentation of a unique delayed complication.

PMID- 4025441
TI  - Assessing risks of midtrimester amniocentesis.

PMID- 4025442
TI  - Gestational diabetes and birth trauma.

PMID- 4025443
TI  - Classification and pathogenesis of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
AB  - Although candidiasis of the female genital tract is one of the most common of the
      vaginitides, it is a poorly understood disease entity. Vulvovaginal candidiasis
      is a monoetiologic disease, but the pathways by which pathogenic expression is
      attained are sufficiently divergent to constitute a classification schema that
      influences therapy. For selection of appropriate therapy, the following three
      broad categories are proposed: (1) primary candidiasis, (2) antibiotic-induced
      candidiasis, and (3) systemically induced candidiasis.

PMID- 4025444
TI  - Pharmacokinetic fundamentals of vaginal treatment with clotrimazole.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic studies with clotrimazole in rats and in humans, following oral
      and intravenous administration, have shown that clotrimazole is rapidly
      metabolized. After vaginal treatment with clotrimazole, the small fraction
      absorbed into the systemic circulation--between 3% and 10% of the dose--is
      subjected to metabolism and excretion as after oral or intravenous
      administration. The vaginal availability of clotrimazole is largely dependent on
      the formulation applied. In contrast, up to 3 days after single application of a
      vaginal tablet containing 500 mg clotrimazole together with lactic acid,
      fungicidal amounts of clotrimazole were measured in vaginal fluid, i.e., the
      single dose serves as a depot in the vagina for at least 3 days. Thus the single
      dose treatment of vaginal mycosis with clotrimazole offers the advantage of
      combining a high availability in the vagina with a low availability of systemic
      circulation and is a means of solving the problem of the patient's noncompliance.

PMID- 4025445
TI  - The problem of patient compliance.
AB  - The problem of noncompliance is an increasing and vexing one. Major reasons for
      this dilemma include a growing skepticism concerning the ability and dedication
      of the health care industry, as well as a growing population of older people. A
      review of medical history reveals ancient attitudes toward compliance. There are
      special problems for special people, such as infants, children, adolescents,
      elderly persons, and those who are hostile or have a "sick" wish or "death" wish.
      Persons who require long-term therapy require special care. Child abuse and abuse
      of elderly persons may be involved. Problems of decreased visual acuity, color
      perception, and deafness must be dealt with on an individual basis. The
      responsibility of the physician, which includes nonobtrusive monitoring, is
      stressed. Consideration is given to the pharmaceutical industry and the role it
      can play to help mitigate the problem. In conclusion, anticipation of the problem
      and improved doctor-patient relationships will achieve desired results.

PMID- 4025446
TI  - Treatment of recurrent vaginal candidiasis.
AB  - In recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, predisposing factors should be eliminated
      wherever possible. Reduction of the gastrointestinal yeast flora by oral
      antimycotic treatment does not prevent recurrences. Perianal application of
      antifungal cream might be an alternative in preventing reinfection from the
      rectum. Venereal spread of yeasts does not seem to be an important factor, and
      partner treatment does not significantly alter treatment results. Traditionally,
      prolonged treatment periods are recommended to prevent recurrences. Patient
      compliance may then become a factor limiting efficacy. One-dose treatment has
      been shown to give results that compare favorably with traditional treatment
      schedules. Results in recurrent cases were comparable with those in primary
      infections. Thus one-dose treatment could be an acceptable alternative to longer
      treatment periods in schedules for treatment of recurrent cases. Intermittent
      prophylactic one-dose application appears to be a promising method of reducing
      recurrences.

PMID- 4025447
TI  - Risk factors for complete molar pregnancy from a case-control study.
AB  - Demographic, reproductive, and dietary histories for 90 white women with complete
      molar pregnancy were compared in a multivariate analysis with those of 90 parous
      controls matched to cases by residence, birth year, and race. Women with molar
      pregnancy were more likely to have been born outside North America (relative risk
      = 1.9, p = 0.05), were more likely to have been past age 30 at time of their
      molar pregnancy (relative risk = 1.6, p = 0.05), and were more likely to have
      diets deficient in the vitamin A precursor carotene. Women with dietary scores
      for carotene above the control median had a relative risk for molar pregnancy of
      0.6 (p = 0.02). In addition, there was a significant trend for decreasing risk
      for molar pregnancy with increasing consumption of carotene. Although other
      nutritional deficiencies in patients with complete molar pregnancy may exist,
      carotene is a biologically plausible candidate for a nutritional risk factor that
      could explain the geographic distribution of molar pregnancy.

PMID- 4025448
TI  - Evaluation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ritodrine when
      administered as a loading dose. On establishing a potentially useful drug
      administration regimen in cases of fetal distress.
AB  - Inhibition of labor during the intrapartum period has been suggested as a method
      of managing acute fetal distress. In such cases, rapid tocolysis is desirable
      but, in high doses, beta-adrenergic-receptor agonists, such as ritodrine, may
      cause severe maternal hypotension that could aggravate the existing fetal
      distress. We undertook the present study to establish a safe infusion protocol
      for ritodrine that achieves high plasma concentration rapidly. Twelve nonpregnant
      female volunteers received, on separate days, three infusions of ritodrine, that
      is, 1, 2, and 3 mg, during a 2-minute period. The peak plasma concentration
      measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection
      averaged 37, 74, and 100 ng/ml after the 1, 2, and 3 mg doses, respectively.
      Ritodrine concentrations decreased rapidly and with the 3 mg dose the ritodrine
      concentration was only 14 ng/ml after 15 minutes. The elimination phase half-life
      of ritodrine averaged 6.11 hours. None of the doses significantly affected
      systolic blood pressure but ritodrine increased heart rate and the plasma glucose
      level and decreased diastolic blood pressure and the plasma potassium
      concentration. Even at the highest infusion rate, the maximal changes in
      cardiovascular and metabolic variables were short-lived and clinically modest;
      heart rate increased 29 bpm, diastolic blood pressure decreased 8 mm Hg, glucose
      level increased 26 mg/dl, and potassium concentration decreased 0.6 mEq/L. These
      data indicate that high plasma concentrations of ritodrine can be achieved
      rapidly without serious side effects.

PMID- 4025449
TI  - The effect of oral ritodrine therapy on glucose tolerance in pregnancy.
AB  - Intravenous ritodrine therapy can cause significant deterioration of maternal
      glucose homeostasis. We investigated the effect of full maintenance oral
      ritodrine therapy (120 mg/day) on glucose tolerance in the early third trimester
      with the use of 50 gm 1-hour screens followed by 100 gm 3-hour oral glucose
      tolerance tests if the screen level was greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl. Four
      hundred ninety-one patients were studied, 42 of whom were receiving oral
      ritodrine therapy. Twenty-one percent of the ritodrine-treated women had an
      abnormal 1-hour screen, which was not different from the 20% observed in women
      not receiving therapy. None of the treated group and 13% of the untreated group
      who had abnormal screens had abnormal oral glucose tolerance tests. The
      probability of an abnormal test after an abnormal 1-hour screen was also
      determined.

PMID- 4025450
TI  - Platelets and uric acid in the prediction of preeclampsia.
AB  - Fifty-four pregnancies that were subsequently complicated by preeclampsia had
      platelet parameters and uric acid levels measured during pregnancy. The expected
      fall in platelet count and rise in platelet volume parameters and uric acid
      levels beyond those that occur in normal pregnancy were seen only in the week
      before delivery.

PMID- 4025451
TI  - Modification of fetal intraventricular amniotic shunt.
AB  - The benefits of fetal intraventricular amniotic shunt remain unknown.
      Nevertheless, the use of this technique has been described by several authors.
      One of the potential complications arising from its placement is the inability to
      retract the catheter once it is placed through the large needle. This
      communication describes a modification of the shunt procedure. A suture placed
      through the distal end of the catheter allows retrieval of the catheter shunt for
      as long as the needle remains in place.

PMID- 4025452
TI  - Neonatal effects of maternal nadolol therapy.
AB  - Described is the case of an infant, exposed during gestation to the beta-blocker
      nadolol, who experienced cardiorespiratory depression, mild hypoglycemia, and
      growth retardation. The longer duration of action of nadolol and the fact that it
      is only 30% protein bound make it less desirable than propranolol for use as a
      beta-blocker during pregnancy.

PMID- 4025453
TI  - The effect of training in microsurgery.
AB  - One of the most important and fundamental prerequisites for successful
      microsurgery is serious and adequate training. This article presents the effect
      of microsurgical training on the functional end result of reanastomosis in the
      rabbit fallopian tube and evaluates the appropriate duration of laboratory
      training. In 50 New Zealand White female rabbits a microsurgical reanastomosis of
      the fallopian tube in its isthmic portion was performed. The rabbits were divided
      into five groups. In the first group only 30% of the rabbits conceived on the
      side operated on. The nidation index was only 0.269 as compared to 0.831 for the
      control side. Improvement in microsurgical skill following 100 isthmic
      anastomoses resulted in a 100% pregnancy rate for the last group. The nidation
      indexes in this group were the same on the side operated on and on the control
      side, 0.774 and 0.702, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic examination of
      the anastomosis site revealed a progressive increase in patency rate and in the
      amount of apposed mucosal folds in the three groups. A training program is
      recommended, which should bring about a nidation index and pregnancy rate that
      should not differ from the side operated on to the control side.

PMID- 4025454
TI  - Effect of isoproterenol on uterine blood flow and cardiac output distribution in
      pregnant guinea pigs.
AB  - The effects of isoproterenol, 0.05 micrograms X min-1 X kg-1 infused
      intravenously for 2 hours, on cardiac output distribution and uteroplacental
      blood flow were studied in six chronically catheterized guinea pigs between 60
      and 68 days of pregnancy. Isoproterenol caused marked cardiac stimulation:
      Cardiac output was increased by 41%, of which 70% was distributed to the carcass
      and gastrointestinal tract. Absolute placental blood flow remained essentially
      unchanged, but the placental fraction of cardiac output decreased from 16% to
      11%. Myometrial blood flow increased by 72%. Uteroplacental vascular resistance
      did not change significantly. In the guinea pig in late pregnancy beta-adrenergic
      receptors are present in the myoendometrial vessels but could not be demonstrated
      in the maternal vessels supplying the placenta.

PMID- 4025455
TI  - Metabolism and disposition of ritodrine in a pregnant baboon.
AB  - Relatively little is known about the detailed metabolism of ritodrine. The aim of
      this study was to examine ritodrine metabolism and pharmacokinetics in the
      maternal and fetal baboon. A fetal-maternal model was made with use of Papio
      anubis at 144 days of gestation. Tritiated ritodrine was injected as an
      intravenous bolus into the mother. Maternal and fetal blood samples, amniotic
      fluid, and maternal urine were collected at time intervals. Samples were analyzed
      by a combination of high-pressure liquid chromatography and radiochromatography.
      Conjugated metabolites were recovered and characterized by cleavage studies with
      use of beta-glucuronidase and sulfatase. The distribution half-life of ritodrine
      in the mother was 6 minutes and the elimination half-life was 61 minutes.
      Metabolites were found in both fetal serum and amniotic fluid. The concentrations
      of ritodrine and its metabolites in fetal serum were at or above the
      concentrations in maternal serum at 2 hours after maternal intravenous injection.
      The principal metabolite identified was the sulfate conjugate. The fetus appears
      to accumulate metabolites. These data indicate that ritodrine crosses the
      placenta and, in the baboon, achieves levels in the fetus equal to or higher than
      those in the mother.

PMID- 4025456
TI  - Endometrial responses to transdermal estradiol in postmenopausal women.
AB  - In prospective studies, we have determined the endometrial histologic
      characteristics and patterns of vaginal bleeding in 12 perimenopausal or
      postmenopausal women during administration of transdermal estradiol, 0.05 mg
      daily, given either alone or in combination with a progestogen. In the first
      study, we administered transdermal estradiol in cyclical fashion for 3 months.
      Outpatient curettage at pretreatment produced no endometrial sample or tissue too
      scant for assessment from 10 of the 12 patients (83%). At the end of therapy,
      proliferative or nonsecretory endometrium was diagnosed in nine patients (75%).
      Eight patients experienced treatment-related vaginal bleeding but no regular
      pattern, and seven patients reported breakthrough bleeding. Eight patients
      participated in the second study in which transdermal estradiol was administered
      continuously and norethindrone, 0.35 mg, was added for 12 days of each calendar
      month. A further curettage was performed at the end of treatment, and
      proliferative endometrium was the most common finding. No endometrial hyperplasia
      was observed. Only one patient experienced breakthrough bleeding. There were no
      consistent changes with time in the number of patients bleeding each month or in
      the duration or heaviness of the bleeding.

PMID- 4025457
TI  - Failure of Lasix to induce a fetal diuresis.

PMID- 4025458
TI  - Vulvar effects of the toilet tissue observational routine in the practice of
      natural family planning.

PMID- 4025459
TI  - Weight-specific stillbirths and associated causes of death: an analysis of 765
      stillbirths.
AB  - An analysis of 765 consecutive stillbirths associated with 98,927 pregnancies
      during a 6-year interval showed significant differences for cause of death at
      specific weight categories. In addition, 57% of stillbirths occurred at infant
      weights of greater than or equal to 1500 gm. Hypoxia accounted for 43% of all
      stillbirths. The implications with respect to preventability and for changes in
      routine prenatal care through the incorporation of the several methods of fetal
      assessment currently available are discussed.

PMID- 4025460
TI  - Low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm delivery.
AB  - The relationship between low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and
      preterm delivery in infants born at a perinatal center is described. Between 20%
      and 30% of infants born weighing 500 to 2000 gm and nearly 50% of infants born
      weighing 2001 to 2750 gm had intrauterine growth retardation. For infants within
      the same low-birth weight group, infants with intrauterine growth retardation had
      one half to one sixth of the neonatal mortality rate of non-growth-retarded
      infants. However, only in the 501 to 1000 gm group did the difference in
      mortality between infants with and without intrauterine growth retardation
      substantially influence the composition of the group of survivors.

PMID- 4025461
TI  - Labor and delivery in the presence of mitral stenosis: central hemodynamic
      observations.
AB  - During a 1-year period, eight patients with New York Heart Association Class III
      or IV mitral stenosis were studied throughout the peripartum period with a
      pulmonary artery catheter. All patients were delivered vaginally. Intrapartum
      management was based upon cautious diuresis for preload optimization and heart
      rate control with propranolol. A mean increase in pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure of 10 mm Hg was observed in the immediate postpartum period. Only two
      patients demonstrated a significant increase in cardiac output during this same
      time period. Central venous pressure correlated poorly with pulmonary capillary
      wedge pressure in seven of eight patients. Neonatal outcome was uniformly
      excellent. With the management approach described, no patient exhibited
      deterioration of cardiopulmonary status during the peripartum period.

PMID- 4025462
TI  - Practice patterns and attitudes toward education among Canadian obstetricians and
      gynecologists.
AB  - A group of 1370 specialists in obstetrics and gynecology were surveyed for
      information about practice patterns, continuing medical education preferences,
      and their perception of the adequacy of their own residency training. The overall
      response rate was 65.7%. More than half were in solo practice, practiced in
      communities of over 250,000, had been in practice for more than 10 years, or had
      a full or part-time appointment with a Canadian medical school. A wide range of
      continuing medical education methods were used. Journals were ranked highest by
      41%. It is disturbing that very few physicians (15%) indicated any involvement in
      practice audit. The quality of residency training was ranked low in a number of
      areas including genetic counseling, ultrasound, neonatology, intensive care,
      colposcopy, sexual dysfunction, marital counseling, and hysteroscopy. The survey
      highlights a number of areas that merit the attention of Canadian programs in
      postgraduate and continuing medical education in obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 4025463
TI  - The effects of low-dose oral contraceptives on coagulation and fibrinolysis in
      two high-risk populations: young female smokers and older premenopausal women.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine the effect of a low-dose oral contraceptive
      on the coagulation and inhibitory system of coagulation in 22 young healthy women
      who smoke and in 15 nonsmoking healthy women between the ages of 34 and 41.
      Smokers showed statistically significant oral contraceptive-related procoagulant
      alterations in prothrombin time, thrombin time, and fibrinogen antigen.
      Antithrombin III antigen and activity were significantly reduced, whereas
      plasminogen antigen and activity were increased. Inhibitor and fibrinolytic
      activity was either unaffected or enhanced by oral contraceptives in women over
      the age of 34: antithrombin III activity was unchanged, plasminogen antigen and
      activity increased (p less than 0.0007), and alpha 2-antiplasmin was
      significantly reduced (p less than 0.07). Whereas usage of oral contraceptives in
      young smokers may initiate biochemical changes in favor of thrombogenesis, their
      usage in nonsmoking older women enhanced fibrinolysis and had a neutral effect on
      inhibition and a minimal procoagulant effect.

PMID- 4025464
TI  - Linkage between the X-linked retinitis pigmentosa locus and the L1.28 locus.
AB  - Segregation of alleles at the L1.28 locus in members of four informative families
      with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa was consistent with linkage between the loci
      for L1.28 and X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Linkage analysis showed that the
      best estimate for the recombination distance in these families is 10
      centimorgans. When our data are combined with the previously published linkage
      data, we conclude that the genetic distance between the two loci is 5
      centimorgans, or approximately 5 million base pairs of DNA, with a 90% confidence
      interval of 1.5 to 14 centimorgans.

PMID- 4025465
TI  - Temporary silicone oil tamponade in the management of retinal detachment with
      proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - Silicone oil was used as a temporary (four to six weeks) tamponade in conjunction
      with vitreous surgery in the management of 146 eyes with retinal detachment
      complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. A success rate of 62% (90 of 146
      cases) was achieved six months after the silicone was removed. Clinical
      complications directly related to silicone oil were rare and did not progress or
      develop after the removal of silicone except for opacification of the lens in
      phakic eyes. This occurred frequently (43 of 55 eyes) and progressed many months
      after the withdrawal of silicone.

PMID- 4025466
TI  - Retinopathy associated with acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Two patients (a 28-year-old woman and a 23-year-old man) with acute pancreatitis
      developed severe visual loss. The acute stage of retinopathy consisted of retinal
      edema, cotton-wool patches, and retinal hemorrhages, predominantly in the
      posterior pole of both eyes. During the five-year follow-up period, visual acuity
      improved and sequential fluorescein angiography of both patients demonstrated
      reperfusion of previously occluded retinal vessels. After resolution of the
      cotton-wool patches, the previously edematous areas were replaced by foci of
      retinal thinning which created irregularities in the internal limiting membrane
      light reflex. Visual fields demonstrated scotomas corresponding to the areas of
      the previous cotton-wool patches.

PMID- 4025467
TI  - Ocular toxicity of intravitreally injected liposomal amphotericin B in rhesus
      monkeys.
AB  - We determined whether liposome-intercalated amphotericin B was less toxic than
      commercial amphotericin B when injected intravitreally in the primate. Three
      rhesus monkeys were studied on each of three occasions. Each eye received
      increasing doses of amphotericin B (10, 20, or 30 micrograms) or liposome
      intercalated amphotericin B (40, 80, or 120 micrograms) as a single intravitreal
      injection. There were often transient inflammatory changes in the anterior
      chamber and all eyes showed an acute cellular infiltrate in the vitreous humor
      after injection. These reactions had resolved by eight weeks after injection of
      the low or intermediate doses of amphotericin B (10 or 20 micrograms) or liposome
      intercalated amphotericin B (40 or 80 micrograms) but left a mild vitreal
      infiltrate in the high-dose groups (30 micrograms of amphotericin B or 120
      micrograms of liposome-intercalcated amphotericin B). Histologic examination at
      the end of the third experiment showed no abnormalities. These studies suggest
      that liposome incorporation reduces the toxicity of amphotericin B by at least
      fourfold and that as much as 30 micrograms of commercial amphotericin B may be
      tolerated by the intravitreal route in the rhesus monkey.

PMID- 4025468
TI  - Comparative toxicity of intravitreal aminoglycoside antibiotics.
AB  - We compared the toxicity of the aminoglycoside antibiotics (tobramycin, amikacin,
      netilmicin, and kanamycin) by ophthalmoscopy, light and electron microscopy, and
      electro-retinography after intravitreal injection in rabbits in doses ranging
      from 100 to 3,000 micrograms. The earliest manifestations of toxicity were
      confined to the outer retina with each drug, with lamellar lysosomal inclusions
      in the retinal pigment epithelium as the earliest finding. However, the
      aminoglycosides displayed marked differences in the threshold dose required to
      produce toxic reactions, permitting the following ordering of toxicity: (most
      toxic) gentamicin greater than netilmicin = tobramycin greater than amikacin =
      kanamycin (least toxic).

PMID- 4025469
TI  - Histologic study of a pair of human corneas after anterior radial keratotomy.
AB  - Two corneas were obtained from a man who underwent anterior radial keratotomy in
      both eyes less than three months before his death. The corneas were obtained and
      fixed 16 hours after death and prepared for histologic evaluation four days
      later. Both corneas showed epithelial ingrowth in the surgical wounds, epithelial
      inclusion cysts in some areas, and ridges or protrusions of the posterior cornea
      beneath the incisions. The incisions ranged in depth from 48% to 63% of the full
      thickness of the cornea in the right eye and from 69% to 98% in the left eye,
      demonstrating the difficulties involved in maintaining a precise and predictable
      depth of incision, which may, in turn, be related to variations in visual
      results. Signs of endothelial stress, in the form of collagen and fibrils on the
      posterior Descemet's membrane, apparently predated the refractive surgery.
      Precautions such as specular microscopy may be needed to rule out this kind of
      surgery in patients with the early signs of some types of potential corneal
      disease.

PMID- 4025470
TI  - Topical ketoconazole for fungal keratitis.
AB  - Six patients (five men and one woman, 19 to 57 years old) with laboratory-proven
      fungal corneal infections were successfully treated with topical ketoconazole, a
      synthetic imidazole derivative. No signs of progression of the corneal infection
      were seen after the antifungal therapy was initiated. The clinical signs of
      corneal infection disappeared after three (Aspergillus infections) to seven weeks
      (Fusarium infections) of ketoconazole therapy. In all cases, posttreatment visual
      acuities were better than pretreatment visual acuities. No significant
      biomicroscopic signs of ocular surface toxicity were noted.

PMID- 4025471
TI  - Sequelae of botulinum toxin injection.
AB  - A total of 136 injections was given to 83 patients for strabismus (99
      injections), blepharospasm (29 injections), and spastic entropion (eight
      injections). All four patients with entropion experienced temporary benefits and
      early recurrence; one injection resulted in temporary paralytic ectropion. Two of
      13 patients treated for blepharospasm developed transient bilateral
      blepharoptosis. Temporary and related sequelae of extraocular muscle injection
      included one periocular hemorrhage, one total ophthalmoplegia, and a 44%
      incidence (29 of 66 patients) of blepharoptosis, which in two patients lasted
      more than six months. Within three days of injection one patient developed
      homolateral acute herpes simplex keratitis and a second died of an acute
      myocardial infarction. No causal relationship for these events has been
      established.

PMID- 4025472
TI  - Eyelid suspension with a transposed levator palpebrae superioris muscle.
AB  - In patients with severe Marcus Gunn jaw-winking, ablation of the synkinetic
      eyelid movement requires surgical removal of a significant portion of the levator
      complex (muscle and aponeurosis). As an alternative to removing this tissue
      completely, the levator muscle can be transected approximately 25 mm above its
      tarsal plate insertion. The distal levator muscle and aponeurosis can then be
      used as a suspensory material to suspend the eyelid to the eyebrow.

PMID- 4025473
TI  - Orbital magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance images of the eye and orbit performed with surface coils at
      1.5 tesla showed anatomic details superior to those of conventional third- and
      fourth-generation computed tomography.

PMID- 4025474
TI  - Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the lateral orbital wall.
AB  - Two children (aged 18 and 23 months at the initial examinations) were each
      ultimately found at surgery to have a solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the
      lateral orbital wall. Both patients had a symptomatic period of six weeks during
      which time other diagnoses were considered: bacterial preseptal cellulitis and
      mumps dacryoadenitis in the first case and traumatic recurrent orbital hematoma
      in the second. Diagnostic difficulties stemmed from confusing features in their
      histories, as well as the location of the lesion and the deceptively minimal
      swelling relative to the actual size of the lesion. Follow-up ten and 18 months
      after curettage of the two lesions showed no recurrence or evidence of systemic
      involvement. Although most reported cases describe the orbital frontal bone as
      the site of origin in the orbit, our cases demonstrated that unifocal
      eosinophilic granuloma may occur in the lateral wall of the orbit.

PMID- 4025475
TI  - Fresh preparation of subretinal fluid aspirations in Coats' disease.

PMID- 4025476
TI  - A new polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel as a scleral buckling material.

PMID- 4025477
TI  - Argon laser iridocorneal adhesiolysis.

PMID- 4025478
TI  - Combination lens loop-spatula for nucleus delivery during planned extracapsular
      cataract extraction.

PMID- 4025479
TI  - Episcleritis associated with familial Mediterranean fever.

PMID- 4025480
TI  - Laser punctoplasty for the treatment of punctal stenosis.

PMID- 4025481
TI  - False-normal assays for galactosemia in a neonate with cataracts.

PMID- 4025482
TI  - Orbital blowout fracture with ipsilateral fourth nerve palsy.

PMID- 4025483
TI  - Face pain and diplopia in a patient with breast cancer.

PMID- 4025485
TI  - Conjunctival biopsy in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4025484
TI  - Relative afferent pupillary defect in congenital occipital hemianopia.

PMID- 4025486
TI  - Conjunctival biopsy in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4025487
TI  - Physical activity after retinal detachment surgery.

PMID- 4025488
TI  - Peripheral corneal edema after cataract extraction.

PMID- 4025489
TI  - Momentary fluctuations of intraocular pressure in normal and glaucomatous eyes.

PMID- 4025490
TI  - Transition in health care--critical planning for the 1990s: Part One.

PMID- 4025491
TI  - Reliability of the Behavioral Assessment Scale of Oral Functions in Feeding.
AB  - Interrater and test-retest reliability of the Behavioral Assessment Scale of Oral
      Functions in Feeding were computed for two separate samples of severely and
      profoundly handicapped students having oral-motor and feeding disorders.
      Reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation-generalizability theory
      approach and resulted in coefficients ranging from .68 to .84. These values were
      considered only marginally acceptable by current standards of instrument
      development advocated in the behavioral sciences. This paper discusses the
      difficulty in developing psychometrically satisfactory assessment instruments for
      use with the severely and profoundly developmentally disabled and gives
      implications for practice and future research.

PMID- 4025492
TI  - Examination of selection criteria for a program in occupational therapy.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if the results of preselection
      interviews in combination with preselection academic performance offer better
      predictions of academic performance in occupational therapy than either of these
      criteria taken singly. The sample consisted of 48 high school students and 31
      university students admitted to the program in occupational therapy at the
      University of Western Ontario from 1978 to 1980. The results indicated that for
      university students, previous academic performance alone was the best predictor
      for their performance in first-year occupational therapy. For high school
      students, the combination of 5 of the 12 interview items with previous academic
      performance produced the best predictor of successful academic performance in
      occupational therapy. This implies that for high school students at least, the
      interview and previous academic performance should both be considered as
      important selection criteria.

PMID- 4025493
TI  - Curriculum revision: a case study of the process and product.
AB  - This paper traces the forces that stimulated a faculty to completely revise its
      occupational therapy curriculum. The process of the revision, which was largely
      adapted from a test development model, is recounted. The paper also describes the
      broad array of teaching/learning methodologies used. Comparative data from the
      American Occupational Therapy Association Certification Examination indicate that
      student achievement has significantly improved since the revised curriculum was
      implemented.

PMID- 4025495
TI  - Does occupational therapy belong in the university?

PMID- 4025494
TI  - Gerontic occupational therapy--psychological and social predictors of
      participation and therapeutic benefits.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess what role psychological and social
      factors play in predicting the participation of elderly people in a social
      activation program. Furthermore, the study evaluated the importance of such
      factors in improving subjects' moods and decreasing feelings of loneliness. Over
      a six-month period, a social activation program was conducted in a senior citizen
      apartment building in Stockholm, Sweden. A group of 30 residents from one floor
      of the building, the experimental group, received the program while a control
      group of 30 residents from another floor did not. Medical, social, psychological,
      and behavioral assessments were made immediately before, three months after, and
      six months after the beginning of the program. Results were that the activity
      level had increased threefold in the experimental group. Experimental group
      subjects who initially had a low social activity level and higher scores on the
      internal-locus-of-control scale had the highest rate of increase in their social
      activity level. Subjects in the experimental group who initially had a low social
      activity level, were single or bereaved, scored low on the neuroticism scale, or
      desired a low level of internal control showed the greatest improvement in mood.
      Feelings of loneliness decreased the most among those in the experimental group
      who had a stronger internal locus of control and scored high on pessimistic
      feelings. Because the program benefited those subjects who initially were the
      most passive and isolated, it is concluded that gerontic occupational therapy
      plays an important role in preventing unnecessary social isolation in
      institutional living.

PMID- 4025496
TI  - Standardized assessments: ethical principles for use.

PMID- 4025497
TI  - Prentice Award lecture: a simple retinal mechanism that has complex and profound
      effects on perception.

PMID- 4025498
TI  - Binocular summation in man and monkey.
AB  - Binocular summation, using spatial and temporal modulation sensitivity
      measurements, has been investigated for human and rhesus monkey observers. In
      experiments where the refractive errors of both eyes were optimally corrected,
      the binocular summation functions for both species were similar in magnitude and
      form, and showed higher summation ratios for temporally modulated stimuli than
      for spatially modulated stimuli. Monocular retinal image defocus produced a
      reduction in binocular summation for spatial gratings with the amount of
      reduction dependent on both the amount of relative defocus and the spatial
      frequency of the stimulus grating. In contrast, monocular defocus did not effect
      the magnitude of binocular summation for spatial gratings with the amount for any
      of the conditions investigated. Over-all, the results of these investigations
      indicate that binocular summation measures of binocular function may have some
      advantages over other tests of binocular function that could be utilized in the
      clinical examination of patients.

PMID- 4025499
TI  - Tscherning ellipses and ray tracing in ophthalmic lenses.
AB  - In this paper the exact shape of the solutions to the equations for lenses free
      of oblique astigmatism, as well as those free from curvature of field or
      peripheral focus error, are presented. These solutions, as expected, resemble the
      Tscherning ellipses, but strongly deformed.

PMID- 4025500
TI  - Tscherning ellipses and ray tracing in aspheric ophthalmic lenses.
AB  - The effect of conicoid asphericity in one of the surfaces of an ophthalmic lens
      is examined by means of exact ray tracing. Graphical solutions resembling the
      Tscherning ellipses are obtained for lenses free of oblique astigmatism as well
      as for lenses free of peripheral power error or curvature of field.

PMID- 4025501
TI  - Visual system emmetropia.
AB  - Based on the fundamental task of the visual system, which is to receive
      information from the surroundings and to transmit it to the central nervous
      system, the visual system is described as being emmetropic if the amount of
      information received through the visual pathways is maximum when the eyes are
      unaided. A mathematical model of the dependence of the amount of information
      received through the visual channels on the eye's refractive power and range of
      clear vision has been worked out. The model, by showing good correlation with
      common experience, confirms the hypothesis that the amount of information is a
      coefficient of an eye's approximation to emmetropia and that the criterion of
      emmetropia of an eye is a particular case of the criterion of emmetropia of the
      visual system.

PMID- 4025502
TI  - Prevalence and pattern of adult myopia progression in a general optometric
      practice population.
AB  - Longitudinal data on 559 myopic patients were collected from five optometry
      practices; adequate adulthood refractive data for analysis (three or more visits
      after 18 years of age) were available for 108 patients. Patterns of refractive
      change were evaluated subjectively and by linear regression analysis. Most myopes
      do not progress in young adulthood (about 20 to 25 years of age). Myopia
      progression during this age period is more common among males than among females.
      Adulthood myopia progression is related to an increase in corneal power.

PMID- 4025503
TI  - Tinted hydrogel lenses: an assessment of glare sensitivity reduction.
AB  - The effect of tinted flexible contact lenses on light sensitivity and photophobic
      response has often been questioned but never thoroughly investigated. An
      Alpascope was used to investigate whether tinted hydrogel contact lenses would
      relieve glare sensitivity in pre-adapted contact lens wearers. Various densities
      of sky blue and autumn amber Cibasoft hydrogel lenses were used in the study.
      Analysis of the Alpascope data using the t-test, one-way analysis of variance and
      Duncan's test showed that there was no reduction in glare sensitivity when tinted
      contact lenses were worn.

PMID- 4025504
TI  - Sector pupil dilation with phenylephrine and tropicamide.
AB  - A comparison of sector pupil dilation produced with 2.5% phenylephrine and 1.0%
      tropicamide was carried out on nine subjects. We found that 2.5% phenylephrine
      produced a significant increase in the vertical as compared to the horizontal
      diameter at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min after instillation of the drug with the
      maximum vertical diameter occurring at 40 min. The pupil diameter in the vertical
      and horizontal meridians before drug instillation was 3.7 mm +/- 0.2 (mean +/-
      SE) whereas at 40 min the vertical and horizontal diameters were 6.7 mm +/- 0.4
      and 5.2 mm +/- 0.3, respectively. Instillation of 1% tropicamide produced equal
      dilation of the vertical and horizontal diameters, which was maximum at 40 min.
      Before drug instillation, the pupils were 3.7 mm +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SE) in both
      the horizontal and vertical meridians. At 50 min the pupil diameter was 7.0 mm +/
      0.2 in both meridians in the eye that received tropicamide.

PMID- 4025505
TI  - Optometry and optometric practices in Nigeria.
AB  - This paper describes the number, distribution, and characteristics of optometric
      practices in Nigeria and compares them to similar data in the U.S.A. The results
      indicate more similarities than differences--the latter attributable to the
      difference in the age of the profession in the two countries.

PMID- 4025506
TI  - Clinical note. On the use of salt tablet saline with the Septicon R system.

PMID- 4025507
TI  - Necrosis of adipose tissue induced by sequential infections with unrelated
      viruses.
AB  - Vaccinia virus infection in mice previously infected with and immune to
      lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus resulted in a clinical illness which neither
      virus alone induced. The main pathologic finding was extensive fat necrosis with
      a cellular infiltrate suggestive of delayed type hypersensitivity. Vaccinia virus
      titers in adipose tissue of clinically ill mice were not higher than those in
      relevant control groups. This indicates that an unusual virus-induced disease can
      arise in an animal with a history of unrelated virus infection, and that this
      disease may be due to an altered host response to infection. The experimental
      model presented here suggests that chronic inflammation and necrosis of a given
      tissue may depend on sequential infection with two viruses, neither of which
      would be capable of inducing such a lesion.

PMID- 4025508
TI  - Chromogranin-reactive endocrine cells in argyrophilic carcinomas ("carcinoids")
      and normal tissue of the breast.
AB  - Breast carcinomas, either positive or negative with the Grimelius' silver
      procedure, benign fibroadenomas, duct papillomas, and areas of histologically
      normal breast tissue were tested immunocytochemically with the mouse monoclonal
      antibody LK2H10 directed against human chromogranin. This is regarded as a
      general stain for polypeptide-hormone-producing cells and tumors. In 3 of the 9
      cases of argyrophilic carcinoma, but in none of 12 ductal infiltrating
      carcinomas, chromogranin-positive cells were found: the number of reactive cells
      was very low in 1 case, while in the other 2 carcinomas about 50% of the
      argyrophilic cells appeared stained. In areas of histologically normal breast
      tissue, rare argyrophilic chromogranin-positive cells were detected. This study
      is the first reported evidence concerning the presence of endocrinelike cells
      probably belonging to the diffuse neuroendocrine system in the normal mammary
      parenchyma. Our data are consistent with the endocrine nature of at least some of
      the breast argyrophilic carcinomas.

PMID- 4025509
TI  - Human aortic fibrolipid lesions. Progenitor lesions for fibrous plaques,
      exhibiting early formation of the cholesterol-rich core.
AB  - The early development of the lipid-rich core and other features of
      atherosclerotic fibrous plaques has been elucidated by examining discrete, small
      regions of raised intima in human aorta, which often bear a resemblance to both
      fatty streaks and fibrous plaques. Approximately one-fourth of small raised
      lesions (less than 16 sq mm of surface area) contained little or no stainable
      lipid, while three-fourths had a characteristic appearance, which included a
      superficial layer of foam cells, a core of noncrystalline and/or crystalline
      lipid, and a developed or developing collagenous cap. Total intimal volumes of
      the lipid-containing lesions, termed "fibrolipid lesions," ranged from 3 to 43
      microliters, with the majority less than 16 microliters. Core lipid in the
      smallest lesions was located in the musculoelastic layer of the intima. In larger
      lesions the core extended luminally into the elastic hyperplastic layer, and
      cholesterol crystals were found more frequently. Total cholesterol concentration
      in fibrolipid lesions was similar to that in fatty streaks; however, the ratio of
      unesterified to total cholesterol was relatively high, similar to that found in
      fibrous plaques. It is concluded that 1) the formation of a lipid-rich core and
      cholesterol crystallization are early events in the development of many raised
      lesions; 2) the consistent association between the superficial layer of foam
      cells and the deep-lying lipid-rich core raises the possibility of an influence,
      possibly indirect, of foam-cell lipid metabolism on core formation; and 3) the
      fibrolipid lesion may represent one stage in a potential transitional morphologic
      sequence between fatty streak and fibrous plaque.

PMID- 4025510
TI  - Response of the medullary thick ascending limb to hypothyroidism in the rat.
AB  - Hypothyroidism in the rat is associated with a decrease in kidney size and
      weight. We have shown previously that this decrease involves all nephron segments
      in the cortex and outer medulla and is especially pronounced in the medullary
      thick ascending limb (mTAL). Therefore, the present study was undertaken for
      examination of the effect of hypothyroidism on the ultrastructure of the rat
      mTAL. Hypothyroidism was induced by feeding aminotriazole (ATZ), 0.5 g/kg of
      food, for 4 weeks. A second group of animals received ATZ plus a daily injection
      of L-thyroxine (T4). A third group was fed a normal diet only and served as
      control animals. The kidneys were preserved by in vivo perfusion with 3%
      glutaraldehyde, and tissue from the inner and outer stripe of the outer medulla
      was processed for electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis revealed a
      significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of the mTAL in both the inner
      and outer stripe of the outer medulla in hypothyroid animals. No changes were
      observed in the surface density of either the apical or basolateral plasma
      membranes following ATZ treatment. However, when calculated per millimeter
      tubule, there was a significant decrease in the surface area (SL) of both the
      apical and basolateral plasma membranes of the mTAL of hypothyroid animals in
      comparison with control animals. Simultaneous treatment with T4 prevented the ATZ
      induced reduction in both tubule cross-sectional area and in the SL of the plasma
      membrane. These findings suggest that the observed changes in SL of the plasma
      membrane of the mTAL are due to a regulatory role of thyroid hormone in membrane
      proliferation as well as in cell growth in general.

PMID- 4025511
TI  - Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with progressive amyloid
      deposition in hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania donovani.
AB  - In the present work, 42 golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were infected by
      intracardiac injection of 5 X 10(6) amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani.
      Another group of 28 animals served as uninfected controls. Six hamsters of the
      infected group and four hamsters of the control group were selected randomly and
      sacrificed at Days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 after inoculation. The kidneys
      were studied by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The
      levels of serum and urinary immunoglobulins were determined. None of the control
      hamsters had kidney lesions. Light-microscopically the kidneys of infected
      hamsters showed a marked mesangial proliferation from Day 7 after infection.
      These changes were more pronounced at Day 21, when a discrete infiltration of
      mononuclear cells was frequent. These glomerular changes diminished after Day 28
      and were replaced by deposits of amyloid. In the beginning these deposits were in
      the mesangium and progressively became more extensive, involving capillary loops,
      Bowman's capsule, and interstitium. The immunofluorescence study showed L
      donovani antigens and hamster immunoglobulins, primarily in the mesangial areas,
      by Days 7-14 after infection. These deposits extended into contiguous loops from
      Day 21 to Day 28. In the last 2 weeks the fluorescent staining for L donovani
      antigens remained intensely positive, whereas the staining for hamster
      immunoglobulins became moderate to slightly positive. The ultrastructural study
      revealed mesangial proliferation, mesangial and paramesangial electron-dense
      deposits, and amyloidosis in the glomeruli of infected animals. The serum
      immunoglobulins increased from Day 7 after infection, reaching a peak at Day 21
      and falling thereafter until Day 49 to near control values. Immunoglobulins were
      detected in the urine of infected hamsters at day 21, increasing in amount
      thereafter. Since L donovani antigens and immunoglobulins were identified in the
      glomerular lesions, it is likely that they are implicated in the pathogenesis of
      the mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in hamsters experimentally
      infected with L donovani. The glomerular changes may also explain the loss of
      immunoglobulins in the urine and the consequent lowering of serum immunoglobulin
      levels.

PMID- 4025512
TI  - Chondroclasts in fusarium-induced tibial dyschondroplasia. A histomorphometric
      study.
AB  - The role of chondroclasts in the pathogenesis of Fusarium roseum-induced tibial
      dyschondroplasia (TD) was examined in a histomorphometric study. TD developed
      rapidly in broiler chickens placed at 1 day of age on rations containing either
      3% (Experiment 1) or 2% (Experiment 2) F roseum cultures. In Experiment 1 the
      frequency of TD in birds killed at 4 weeks of age was 90%. In Experiment 2, birds
      were killed at intervals from 4 days until 4 weeks of age. By 1 week of age, 70%
      of birds examined had characteristic accumulations of prehypertrophic cartilage
      at the proximal tibial physis, and the frequency of TD in 4-week-old birds was
      80%. Sections of hypertrophic cartilage from F roseum-fed and control birds from
      both experiments were examined for determination of the volume density of
      chondroclasts along the vascular channel boundary. Chondroclast density was
      consistently lower in F roseum-fed than in control birds, but the difference was
      significant only at 4 weeks of age. The fact that gross lesions were evident
      before a significant decrease in chondroclast density occurred indicates that a
      decrease in the density of chondroclasts was not an essential factor in the
      accumulation of cartilage characteristic of TD.

PMID- 4025513
TI  - Animal model of human disease. Dermatomyositis. Familial canine dermatomyositis.

PMID- 4025514
TI  - Mother-blaming in major clinical journals.
AB  - The incidence of mother-blaming in major clinical journals was investigated for
      the years 1970, 1976, and 1982 to determine whether reductions have resulted from
      the efforts of the women's movement. Very few changes were found across the
      target years, and mother-blaming was only slightly affected by type of journal
      and by sex of author.

PMID- 4025515
TI  - Adoption through the eyes of adult adoptees.
AB  - This study presents results of a survey of 100 adopted adults who contacted a
      social service agency or search group. Their perspectives on the experience of
      adoption and their reasons for agency contact are compared with recommended
      adoption practice of a generation ago and with reports from the clinical
      literature.

PMID- 4025516
TI  - Etiological and prevention views of clinicians with mentally ill relatives.
AB  - In a survey of 84 experienced mental health professionals with family members
      suffering from long-term psychotic disorders, more than 70% ranked biogenetic
      variables as primary, regardless of familial relationship to the patient. Family
      interactions and parenting were minimized as etiological factors.
      Biochemical/genetic research, psychopharmacological research, and research on
      high-risk children were the highest ranked prevention priorities.

PMID- 4025517
TI  - The fear of needles in children.
AB  - Encounters with needles are frightening experiences for most young children. This
      study explores the effect of a single session, cognitively-based intervention
      program on needle fears in hospitalized children. Results demonstrate significant
      changes in behavior, heart rate, and pain perception associated with post
      intervention injection. Implications for routine pediatric practice are
      discussed.

PMID- 4025518
TI  - Demographic and educational characteristics of inner city middle school problem
      absence students.
AB  - Results of a study of characteristics of middle school students revealed highly
      significant differences between problem absence students and non-problem absence
      students on all study variables except sex. Characteristics such as increasing
      grade, being behind appropriate grade, busing and special education status, and
      the particular school attended were highly correlated with this behavior, as were
      race and increasing age.

PMID- 4025519
TI  - Psychodynamic time-limited groups for adult children of aging parents.
AB  - A short-term therapy group for adults with aging parents is described. This group
      model relies heavily on a careful screening process in order to identify
      individuals best able to focus on intrapsychic issues. The developmental crisis
      of adult children of aging parents and the beginning process of conflict
      resolution are illustrated through case material that highlights key
      psychodynamic issues.

PMID- 4025520
TI  - When a teacher dies: a school-based intervention with latency children.
AB  - The behavior and emotional adjustment of latency-age children following the
      sudden death of their teacher are described. Observational and interview data
      demonstrate the importance of play and ritual as coping mechanisms. The
      children's reactions to a replacement teacher, and to expectations that they
      establish a relationship with the new teacher, are considered.

PMID- 4025521
TI  - The adolescent incest victim and the judicial system.
AB  - The effect on the adolescent incest victim of contact with the judicial system is
      reviewed, and the victim's sense of insignificance, hopelessness, and guilt is
      noted. A conceptual framework is offered to aid clinicians in their work with
      incest victims, and suggestions are made for case management.

PMID- 4025522
TI  - The chronic child patient: ensuring continuity of care.
AB  - Children under state supervision who are identified as needing long-term
      psychiatric care often do not have the opportunity to benefit from consistent
      mental health treatment. The difficulties in establishing a consensus about long
      term treatment and the problems resulting from an absence of anyone consistently
      involved with the child over time are illustrated by a case history. Appointment
      of an "overseer" in such cases is argued for, and guidelines for this role are
      elaborated.

PMID- 4025523
TI  - Clinic turmoil and staff transitions.
AB  - The effects of the July academic rotation on the course of patient treatment in
      an outpatient clinic were studied. The rotation time was found to be associated
      with substantial changes in clinic patients' behavior in treatment. The transfer
      of recent clinic admissions to new therapists was associated with a high rate of
      dropping out of treatment.

PMID- 4025524
TI  - The seasonality of schizophrenic births in Alberta.
AB  - The usual inverse relationship between temperature of month and number of births
      in that month for persons later given a schizophrenic diagnosis was not found in
      Alberta, Canada. Since the absence of such an inverse relationship has also been
      noted in northern Sweden, it is suggested that the atypical pattern in both
      localities could be a function of the extremely harsh winters.

PMID- 4025525
TI  - Validity of attention deficit disorder: a second look.

PMID- 4025526
TI  - Classification and surgical treatment of fibroadhesive otitis.
AB  - Surgical treatment for fibroadhesive otitis was performed in thirty-seven ears:
      eight were classified grade 1, with fibrogranulomatous tissue and mucous
      effusion; twenty-seven were stage 2, with thick fibrogranulomatous tissue without
      effusion but with cholesterol granuloma. Fifteen ears had small or middle size
      cholesteatomas, four had posterior retraction pockets. Results obtained were as
      follow. One stage procedures were usually functional failures in spite of
      Silastic sheeting, including one tympanoplasty using closed technique with
      posterior tympanotomy, three dissections of mesotympanum combined with
      antroatticotomy, and four obliteration procedures in one stage. Better results
      were obtained with two stage procedures with Silastic sheeting placed at the
      first stage and removed at the second. Five closed techniques yielded only one
      good functional result, but seventeen obliteration procedures with Palva flaps
      yielded the best results: healthy and thin mucosa in fifteen cases, with the
      mucosa remaining thick in only two cases. Good functional results (air-bone gap
      less than or equal to 20 dB) were obtained in ten cases, and among them very good
      functional results (air-bone gap less than or equal to 10 dB) in seven cases.
      Seven second stages have not yet been done.

PMID- 4025527
TI  - Surgical treatment of brain herniation into the middle ear and mastoid.
AB  - A series of thirty-five patients operated on for brain herniation into the middle
      ear and mastoid is presented. The etiologic factor was felt to be previous
      surgery in twenty-six cases, head trauma in four cases, chronic otomastoiditis in
      four cases, congenital dehiscence of the tegmen in one case, and subdural empyema
      in one case. Diagnosis and treatment of brain herniation are discussed. The
      mastoid approach for repair of tegmen defects from below with the use of
      homologous cartilage or autologous cortical bone is advocated. A combined
      procedure using the transmastoid approach plus a mini-craniotomy of the
      temporalis squama is suggested as an alternative treatment to middle cranial
      fossa repair for larger cerebral hernias.

PMID- 4025528
TI  - Otitis media and the Australian aboriginal.
AB  - Australia's aboriginal population, which numbers 150,000 persons, suffers much
      more from otitis media than does the nonaboriginal population, which numbers
      15,000,000. Moreover, the clinical presentation, course, and pathology of otitis
      media in aboriginals have features that differ from what are considered usual.
      Problems of isolation, communication, and socioeconomic circumstances require
      that specially designed treatment projects be set up. Debate continues as to why
      aboriginal otitis media behaves so differently, and theories cover the full
      range: genetic factors, environment, protein-calorie malnutrition and immunity
      mechanisms, allergies, different microbiology, and so on. Current research may
      point up a link to ocular trachoma. The process of spontaneous healing of drum
      perforations is being studied in an attempt to identify those factors that may
      delay or prevent such healing.

PMID- 4025529
TI  - The exenterated mastoid: a problem of ear surgery.
AB  - The exenterated mastoid behind an intact posterior ear canal wall is one of the
      preconditions for the development of hidden cholesteatoma recurrences. Retraction
      pockets can develop into the cavity owing to persisting malfunction of the
      eustachian tube. Matrix inadvertently left in the tympanic space or in the
      mastoid process can grow into or in the cavity unnoticed. The way to avoid this
      nesting site is permanent obliteration of the mastoid process immediately after
      the eradication of the disease. Furthermore, the disadvantages of old radical
      operation cavities can be eliminated by secondary obliteration, connected with a
      revision and repair of the sound pressure transfer mechanism if necessary. It is
      important to use a nonresorbable obliteration material. We use methacrylate
      (Sulfix-6) for this purpose, so far without any negative consequences in the
      ears.

PMID- 4025530
TI  - "Three cartilages" technique in intact canal wall tympanoplasty to prevent
      recurrent cholesteatoma.
AB  - Residual cholesteatoma is the consequence of leaving squamous epithelium in the
      mastoid and middle ear cleft. It has been demonstrated that the only effective
      way to reduce the risk of epidermoid cyst neoformation is meticulous and radical
      removal of cholesteatoma matrix and staging of the operation, regardless of
      whether a closed or open mastoid cavity tympanoplasty technique has been
      performed. Recurrent cholesteatoma usually occurs after intact canal wall
      tympanoplasty secondary to middle ear, attic, and mastoid retraction of the
      graft, especially in cases with destruction of the scutum or absence of malleus
      and incus; this is still considered a major problem with this surgical technique.
      During the last five years we have been performing a procedure we have developed
      to avoid this retraction. Concave autogenous cartilage from the upper part of the
      concha auriculae trimmed in three pieces to protect attic, mastoid, and middle
      ear for graft retraction has been successfully used in 106 surgical procedures.
      This study describes the surgical technique and analyzes the anatomic and hearing
      results.

PMID- 4025531
TI  - Use of autograft and homograft TORP and PORP in the reconstruction of the
      conductive system in the middle ear.
AB  - The restoration of a functional transmission system of the middle ear is
      extremely difficult after a radical operation which leaves a large surgical
      cavity or in the absence of the tympanic membrane and ossicles, when the window
      and the tympanic ostium of the tube are covered with thick granulation and
      fibrous tissue. This article describes my experience in restoring the
      transmission system of the middle ear combining autograft and homograft with
      TORPs and PORPs.

PMID- 4025532
TI  - Does drill noise during mastoid surgery affect the contralateral ear?
AB  - Drill-generated noise during chronic ear surgery, as well as surgical trauma, has
      been incriminated as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss in the operated ear.
      The contralateral ear is subjected to the drill noise but is spared the surgical
      trauma. Sixty-two patients who had undergone different mastoid operations served
      as the basis for this study. The average drilling time during surgery was 45
      minutes. Sound pressure levels did not exceed 84 dB in the operated ear and 82 dB
      in the contralateral ear. Though some sensorineural hearing loss was found in the
      operated ear in fourteen patients, no changes in hearing were found in the
      contralateral ear. It is suggested that there is no damage exclusively due to the
      drill noise during mastoid surgery.

PMID- 4025533
TI  - Residual high-frequency hearing in a patient with Mondini's deformity: clinical
      implications.
AB  - We reviewed records of a patient with Mondini's deformity who had hearing loss in
      the speech frequencies and preservation of hearing for frequencies above 4000 Hz.
      The patient seemed to be an example of a profoundly deaf child with good speech
      development secondary to preservation of ultra-audiometric hearing. We suggest
      that patients with Mondini's deformity have their ultra-audiometric hearing
      evaluated, and that those with profound deafness and ultra-audiometric hearing be
      radiographically evaluated to rule out Mondini's deformity for diagnostic and
      therapeutic purposes.

PMID- 4025534
TI  - Cholesteatoma with extension to the cochlea.
AB  - Cholesteatoma invading the membranous labyrinth has been regarded as a serious
      threat to inner ear function. Thus, a so-called dead ear might be created either
      by labyrinthine invasion of the cholesteatoma itself or by surgical intervention.
      A number of reports, however, have contradicted these "established facts," citing
      patients who have had some degree of hearing in the affected ear before as well
      as after surgical removal of the cholesteatoma. In the majority of these cases,
      however, only the vestibular labyrinth was involved, leaving the cochlea
      unaffected. In the few case reports describing actual invasion of the cochlea,
      hearing was lost in the affected ear either as a direct consequence of the
      operation or after an interval of some months. These findings might indicate that
      the two parts of the inner ear, to some degree, may be functionally separate so
      that cochlear function could be retained in spite of partial vestibular ablation.
      We report three cases of intracochlear cholesteatoma. All affected ears had some
      degree of auditory function before surgical treatment. All three patients
      presented with partial or total facial nerve palsy on the affected side. After
      surgery none of the patients had any hearing in the operated ear. The
      pathophysiologic significance of a functioning cochlea that has been proved to be
      invaded by cholesteatoma will be discussed. The criteria for correct preoperative
      management as well as for choice of treatment will also be discussed.

PMID- 4025535
TI  - Hearing loss with delayed onset of vertigo.
AB  - The association between the delayed onset of episodic true vertigo and previous
      sensorineural hearing loss has been previously described. We have reviewed our
      series of sixty consecutive labyrinthectomies to determine the prevalence of this
      disorder in this population, and found a variety of etiologic agents of
      sensorineural hearing loss with subsequent delayed vertigo. Relief from vertigo
      following surgery has confirmed that the previously deafened ear has been the
      cause of the vertigo. Case histories are presented and the literature is
      reviewed.

PMID- 4025536
TI  - Acoustic neuromas presenting as sudden deafness.
AB  - Caution is required in diagnosing even apparently "obvious" causes of hearing
      loss. A patient is described who came to medical attention through referral from
      a lawyer for sudden deafness allegedly caused by exposure to noise in an
      industrial setting. Thorough evaluation revealed an acoustic neuroma. Review of
      the literature suggests that presentation of acoustic neuromas as sudden deafness
      is more common than generally recognized. Clinicians must be alert to this
      possibility and diligent in their evaluation of any unilateral ear symptoms.

PMID- 4025537
TI  - Prognostic implications of therapy for necrotizing external otitis.
AB  - Necrotizing external otitis is a slowly progressive infection of the ear canal
      and basal skull caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Treatment with aminoglycoside
      and antipseudomonal penicillin antibiotics significantly reduces extension of
      infection, decreases the severity of the associated cranial nerve injury, and
      limits disease-related mortality. Combined antimicrobial and surgical treatment
      appears to be more efficacious than antibiotics alone when evaluated for
      comparable stages of the disease. However, invasive surgical procedures may
      promote the spread of infection, particularly in the absence of appropriate
      antibiotic therapy. A high index of suspicion for the syndrome should be aroused
      when external otitis is present for longer than two weeks, especially after local
      debridement and topical antibiotic treatment. Aggressive use of systemic
      antibiotic therapy in diabetic patients, who are at greatest risk, should reduce
      disease extension and lessen the need for multiple surgical procedures.

PMID- 4025538
TI  - Ketone body metabolism in normal and diabetic human skeletal muscle.
AB  - Although the liver is considered the major source of ketone bodies (KB) in
      humans, these compounds may also be formed by nonhepatic tissues. To study this
      aspect further, 3-[14C]hydroxybutyrate (BOH) or [3-14C]acetoacetate (AcAc) were
      constantly infused after a priming dose and contemporaneous arterial and venous
      samples were taken at splanchnic, heart, kidney, and leg sites in eight normal
      subjects (N) undergoing diagnostic catheterization and at the forearm site in
      five normal and six ketotic diabetic (D) subjects. After 70 min of infusion,
      tracer and tracee levels of AcAc and BOH reached a steady state in the artery and
      vein in both normal and diabetic subjects. The venous-arterial (V-A) difference
      at the forearm step for cold KB was negligible both in normal and diabetic
      subjects, whereas for labeled KB it was approximately 10-fold higher in diabetic
      subjects (V-A AcAc, -31 +/- 7 and -270 +/- 34 dpm/ml in N and D, respectively; V
      A BOH, -38 +/- 6 and -344 +/- 126 dpm/ml in N and D, respectively). We assumed
      that the V-A difference in tracer concentration was consistent with dilution of
      the tracer by newly synthesized tracee inside the muscle and calculated that the
      forearm muscle produces KB at a rate of 16.2 +/- 3.3 mumol/min in D and 0.9 +/-
      0.9 mumol/min in N. These findings can be accounted for by the hypothesis that
      the disappearance flux of KB from circulation was replaced by an equivalent flux
      of KB entering the vein at the muscle step in D but not in N. Moreover, in N KB
      were not only produced but also utilized by the splanchnic area (39 +/- 9
      mumol/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025539
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to parathyroid hormone.
AB  - The synthetic amino terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone, PTH-(1-34), is a
      potent coronary artery vasodilator in the dog. In the present study, using
      instrumented open-chest dogs, we have performed the initial characterization of
      this effect and showed other dose-related cardiovascular effects of the hormone.
      A near-maximal flow response was obtained after intracoronary injection of 0.024
      nmol X kg-1 PTH-(1-34) with minor, if any, concomitant changes in mean blood
      pressure, contractile force, or heart rate. At higher doses, mean blood pressure
      decreased while contractile force and heart rate increased in dose-dependent
      fashion. Infusion of PTH-(1-34) for 20 min showed that the vasodilatory effect
      could be sustained without a concomitant decrease in mean arterial pressure.
      Pharmacological characterization showed for the first time that the coronary
      response to PTH-(1-34) was unaltered in the presence of beta- or alpha
      adrenergic, muscarinic, or histaminergic blockades. We conclude that PTH-(1-34),
      an endogenous circulating calcemic peptide, produces a large increase in coronary
      blood flow at doses sufficiently low to preclude complicating effects on blood
      pressure, contractile force, and heart rate. Furthermore, the results suggest
      that the vasodilatory effects may be specific.

PMID- 4025540
TI  - Responses and molecular heterogeneity of IR-GIP after intraduodenal glucose and
      fat.
AB  - The plasma responses and molecular heterogeneity of human immunoreactive gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) after intraduodenal administration of equicaloric
      amounts of glucose (25 g) and fat (10 g) were determined with five different
      antisera. Two of these do not cross-react with 8 kdaltons (kDa) IR-GIP. In the
      fasting state plasma IR-GIP concentrations were highest measured with antisera,
      which detected both 5 and 8 kDa IR-GIP. The total integrated or incremental IR
      GIP areas were similar after glucose and fat when determined with the same
      antiserum. When antisera with similar cross-reactivity with human 5 kDa IR-GIP
      were compared, no difference in incremental IR-GIP areas after either stimulus
      was found between antisera that did and did not measure 8 kDa IR-GIP. Gel
      filtration of plasma showed a consistent increase in 5 kDa IR-GIP 60 min after
      both glucose and fat but small and inconsistent changes in 8 kDa IR-GIP. Thus fat
      on a weight and molar basis is more potent than glucose in releasing IR-GIP. Both
      fat and glucose release predominantly the 5 kDa IR-GIP. Although of importance
      for the absolute IR-GIP level in plasma, 8 kDa IR-GIP contributes little to the
      increase in IR-GIP after both stimuli.

PMID- 4025541
TI  - Hypertension during chronic peripheral and central infusion of angiotensin III.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that the angiotensin II (ANG II) metabolite [Des
      Asp]ANG II (ANG III) may be nearly equipotent with the parent compound in causing
      several acute neural responses known to be stimulated by angiotensin peptides
      (i.e., drinking, augmentation of sympathetic neurotransmission, and centrally
      mediated pressor responses). Because neural actions of ANG II are thought to
      contribute importantly to the ability of this hormone to cause chronic
      hypertension, the purpose of the present experiments was to explore the
      cardiovascular effects of chronic administration of ANG III either into the
      bloodstream or directly into the brain via the cerebral ventricles. The
      neurogenic component of the pressor response to acute infusion of ANG III also
      was reinvestigated. In anesthetized pithed rats (n = 6) ANG III had only 10% of
      the pressor potency of ANG II when given by acute (5-10 min) intravenous
      infusion. In conscious rats (n = 5) ANG III had 25% of the pressor potency of ANG
      II when tested using acute intravenous administration. The acute intravenous
      pressor potency ratio in conscious versus pithed rats was 4.8 for ANG III and 1.1
      for ANG II, suggesting that, compared with ANG II, the pressor response to ANG
      III shows a greater dependence on neurogenic mechanisms at the doses tested.
      Chronic (5-day) intravenous infusion of ANG III (at 10, 20, and 100 ng/min)
      caused sustained hypertension without changes in fluid/electrolyte balance, but
      only at a dose (100 ng/min) estimated to produce blood levels of ANG III well
      beyond the "physiological" range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025542
TI  - Regulation of iodothyronine 5'-deiodination in lean and obese (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - Obese (ob/ob) mice exhibit impaired cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis, which
      may result in part from a defect in thyroid hormone action at the level of
      peripheral deiodination of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). The
      latter possibility was examined by comparing kinetic parameters of 5'
      deiodination (5'-D) in hepatic and renal microsomes of lean and obese mice during
      various physiological conditions. 5'-D Was adaptive to changes in age (1 to 8-10
      wk), environmental temperature (14, 25, and 33 degrees C), and thyroid hormone
      status in both lean and obese mice. The magnitude of enzyme response, however,
      varied between phenotypes. 5'-D Response to age and environmental temperature was
      also dependent on tissue type, indicating that different isozymes for 5'-D may
      exist in liver and kidney. Under basal conditions at 25 degrees C, maximal
      hepatic and renal 5'-D was lower in obese mice than in lean mice. Differences in
      Vmax were observed as early as 1 wk of age. Km values for 5'-D were similar in
      lean and obese mice. These findings suggest that T3 availability to thermogenic
      target tissues may be impaired in obese mice, which may contribute to diminished
      thyroid hormone expression and heat production in these animals.

PMID- 4025543
TI  - Hydration of fat-free body in protein-depleted patients.
AB  - It is widely believed that increased hydration of the fat-free body accompanies
      most major disease processes as a result of contraction of the body cell mass and
      expansion of the extracellular fluid. Measurements of total body water (TBW) and
      total body nitrogen in 68 normal volunteers and 95 surgical ward patients
      presenting for intravenous nutrition have been used to derive ratios of TBW to
      fat-free mass (TBW:FFM) and protein indices (PI), where PI is defined as the
      ratio of measured total body protein to predicted TBP. Mean values of PI were
      1.009 +/- 0.116 (SD) and 0.783 +/- 0.152 in the normal and patient groups,
      respectively, corresponding to mean TBW:FFM ratios of 0.719 +/- 0.016 and 0.741
      +/- 0.029. However, 48 patients had normal TBW:FFM despite having lost 15% of
      body protein. A theoretical model of body composition changes in catabolic
      illness is presented, which is in accord with the patient data, demonstrating
      that TBW:FFM does not necessarily increase in catabolic illness and that the
      ratio masks underlying shifts in body fluid compartments.

PMID- 4025544
TI  - Role of small intestine in pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats.
AB  - The small intestine can utilize endogenous substrates for triglyceride synthesis.
      In diabetes mellitus, potential endogenous substrates are elevated. This study
      was designed to investigate whether intestinal triglyceride production utilizing
      endogenous substrates contributes to the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in
      diabetes. Intestinal fatty acid esterification as well as activities of acyl-CoA
      synthetase and acyl-CoA monoglyceride acyltransferase are the same in diabetic
      and control rats when the results are expressed per milligram protein. However,
      due to marked intestinal hypertrophy these activities are increased when the
      results are expressed as per centimeter gut length. In the mesenteric lymph
      fistula rat model, we found that during fasting diabetic rats have a greater than
      twofold increase in triglyceride output that is carried mainly by very low
      density lipoproteins (VLDL). During lipid infusion, total triglyceride fatty acid
      output was not different between diabetic and control rats, although there were
      significant differences in the patterns of partition of endogenous and exogenous
      triglyceride into chylomicrons and VLDL. Endogenous triglyceride production did
      not increase in diabetic rats during lipid infusion. In contrast, there was a
      substantial increase in endogenous triglyceride production in the control group
      to a level comparable with that of the diabetic rats. There was a significant
      reduction in incorporation of exogenous triglyceride into chylomicrons in
      diabetic rats.

PMID- 4025545
TI  - Phosphate transport in intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles: effect of pH
      and dietary phosphate.
AB  - Phosphate transport was investigated in brush-border membrane vesicles prepared
      from the duodenal segment of the chicken small intestine. Phosphate transport was
      sodium dependent and demonstrated the typical overshoot phenomenon with an
      external sodium gradient. There was no appreciable difference in phosphate uptake
      rates at pH 6.5 or 7.5 values, and the apparent kinetic parameters suggested that
      both the monovalent form, H2PO4-, and divalent form, HPO4(2-), were transported
      at the appropriate pH values. The apparent Km values were 0.10 and 0.07 mM,
      respectively. Determination of the sodium stoichiometry, assessed by an external
      sodium concentration or by the static-head method, suggested an interaction of
      one or more sodium ions with phosphate at the acid pH value and two or more
      sodium ions with phosphate at the alkaline pH value. The sodium affinity for
      sodium-dependent phosphate transport was in the order of 10-25 mM and was similar
      at both pH values. Phosphate accumulation was not affected by an externally
      applied potassium diffusion potential, suggesting an electroneutral process at
      both pH values. The cumulative evidence would suggest Na+-H2PO4- transport at pH
      6.5 and 2Na+-HPO4(2-) at pH 7.5 value, and the effect of hydrogen ions on sodium
      dependent phosphate transport is dependent on the external sodium concentration.
      Brush-border membranes isolated from chickens maintained for 5-7 days on a low
      phosphate diet demonstrated a greater sodium-dependent phosphate uptake (Vmax)
      than animals on normal phosphate intakes with no change in the apparent Km.
      Sodium stoichiometry and the rheogenic nature of the process appear to be similar
      to those present in normal birds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025546
TI  - Effect of ethanol on choline transport in rat jejunum.
AB  - The effect of ethanol on choline transport across the rat jejunum was studied by
      intraluminal perfusion in vivo and by influx measurement across the brush-border
      membrane in vitro. Acute ethanol administration (4 g/kg) through a gastric tube
      caused an increase in net choline absorption within 1 h. The increase was
      prevented by pretreatment with pyrazole, an inhibitor of ethanol metabolism.
      Chronic ethanol administration also caused an increase in choline absorption, the
      effect being unrelated to the nutritional changes that occur with ethanol
      ingestion. In contrast, direct instillation of 0.65 M ethanol through the
      perfusate caused no changes in choline absorption, and the perfusion of a 1.14 M
      solution even decreased absorption. The in vitro influx of choline across the
      mucosal membrane of the isolated rat jejunum was also enhanced by pretreatment
      with ethanol given by gavage 1 h prior to experimentation. Similarly, the ethanol
      related increase in the influx rate was inhibited by pyrazole but was unaffected
      by acetaldehyde or acetate. Like ethanol, pretreatment of rats with methanol
      stimulated the choline influx rate. The results suggest that ethanol metabolism,
      rather than the direct effect of ethanol by itself, stimulates the absorption and
      influx of choline into the rat jejunum. The effect is not produced by the primary
      metabolites of ethanol, acetaldehyde, or acetate but is very likely related to
      stimulation by other products of ethanol metabolism.

PMID- 4025547
TI  - Effect of lactation on cholesterol synthesis in rats.
AB  - Lactation induces a variety of morphological and functional changes in the
      gastrointestinal tract. In the present study we employed tritiated water as the
      substrate to demonstrate that in the intact rat lactation results in a twofold
      increase in cholesterol synthesis in the small intestine. Feeding a high
      cholesterol diet did not markedly inhibit small intestinal cholesterol synthesis
      in either control or lactating animals, and the difference in cholesterol
      synthesis between the two groups persisted. In the large intestine, cholesterol
      synthesis is increased threefold in the lactating animals, and feeding a high
      cholesterol diet did not affect synthesis in either the control or lactating
      animals. In the liver, lactation stimulated cholesterol synthesis, and
      quantitatively this increase in hepatic cholesterol synthesis is much greater
      than the increase observed in the intestines. Feeding the rats a high-cholesterol
      diet markedly inhibited hepatic cholesterol synthesis in both control and
      lactating animals, a finding that demonstrates that the feedback inhibition of
      cholesterol synthesis in the liver is not impaired by lactation. In the lactating
      animals, the quantity of labeled cholesterol in 1 ml of serum is 2.4 times
      greater than observed in controls. Feeding the rats a high-cholesterol diet
      markedly decreased the quantity of labeled cholesterol in the serum in both
      groups and obliterated the difference between control and lactating animals. This
      suggests that the increased hepatic cholesterol synthesis in the lactating
      animals is responsible for the differences in labeled cholesterol in the serum.
      Cholesterol feeding also reduced the quantity of labeled cholesterol localized to
      the mammary glands in lactating animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025548
TI  - Duodenal aluminum absorption in the rat: effect of vitamin D.
AB  - Aluminum absorption by the duodenum was studied with an in vivo isolated gut
      segment technique in vitamin D-deficient and vitamin D-replete rats. Aluminum
      uptake could be resolved into saturable and nonsaturable components. Both groups
      demonstrated an identical nonsaturable mechanism with an aluminum uptake of
      approximately 23% of the amount perfused per 100 mg dry intestinal weight.
      Saturable absorption was significantly lower in the vitamin D-deficient group
      (Jmax 6.9 +/- 1.4 microM X h-1 X 100 mg dry wt-1) than in the vitamin D-replete
      group (Jmax 13.0 +/- 2.7 microM X h-1 X 100 mg dry wt-1) (P less than 0.05). The
      presence of aluminum in the perfusion solutions reduced duodenal calcium
      absorption by 33% (P less than 0.02) in the vitamin D-replete group but not the
      vitamin D-deficient group. These results suggest that aluminum is absorbed in the
      duodenum by both a nonsaturable mechanism and a vitamin D-dependent saturable
      mechanism, for which it may compete with calcium.

PMID- 4025549
TI  - Characterization of segmental collateral blood flow in the small intestine.
AB  - Collateral blood flow and the pressures and resistances determining that flow
      were measured between two adjacent segments of canine jejunum following acute
      occlusion of the arterial branch perfusing one of the segments (the "recipient"
      segment). Collateral flow was approximately 55% of control flow in the recipient
      segment. This flow was provided by an equal increment in arterial flow to the
      nonischemic ("donor") segment, such that pressures, resistances, and flows in the
      donor segment were not affected. Virtually all of the total collateral flow was
      derived from precapillary channels and was therefore available to the capillary
      bed of the recipient segment. Collateral flow was adequate to maintain the
      recipient segment in a nonischemic state, as indicated by the absence of a
      reactive hyperemia following release of the arterial occlusion. Selective
      occlusions of intramural or extramural collateral channels indicate that about
      two-thirds of the total collateral flow is derived from the extramural (marginal)
      vessels, while the remainder is supplied by intramural collaterals. For the most
      part collateral flow between adjacent segments is determined simply by the
      pressure gradient between connecting collateral channels.

PMID- 4025550
TI  - Effects of temperature on ileal blood flow and oxygenation.
AB  - Arterial pressure, venous outflow pressure, blood flow, and arteriovenous oxygen
      difference were measured in autoperfused preparations of canine ileum while lumen
      temperature was altered in 1-5 degrees C increments (or decrements) between 31
      and 40 degrees C. Neither blood flow nor vascular resistance was correlated to
      lumen temperature. However, both arteriovenous oxygen difference and oxygen
      uptake were linearly correlated with lumen temperature. The relation between
      ileal oxygen uptake and lumen temperature was consistent with a change in
      metabolic rate for a 10 degrees C change in temperature (Q10) for oxygen
      consumption of 2.7. These observations indicate that ambient temperature exerts a
      profound influence on intestinal oxygen consumption and that variations in
      temperature may explain the wide range of intestinal oxygen uptake values
      reported in the literature.

PMID- 4025551
TI  - Postprandial regulation of intestinal blood flow: role of gastrointestinal
      hormones.
AB  - Systemic arterial pressure, jejunal perfusion pressure, and jejunal blood flow
      were measured in eight autoperfused canine jejunum preparations (5 dogs) before
      and during local intra-arterial infusion of physiological doses of secretin (18.5
      pM), neurotensin (233 pM), and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 30 pM). Intra
      arterial infusion of secretin, neurotensin, or CCK-8 alone did not affect either
      systemic or jejunal arterial pressures. Likewise, jejunal blood flow was not
      significantly altered by secretin (3 +/- 3%), neurotensin (-5 +/- 4%), or CCK-8 (
      5 +/- 5%). Even when all three hormones were infused simultaneously, jejunal
      blood flow was not altered (2 +/- 3%). However, when infused at rates that
      produced calculated arterial blood levels some 100 times greater than those
      reported as "postprandial," each hormone alone, as well as in combination,
      produced marked increases in jejunal blood flow. Secretin, neurotensin, and CCK-8
      increased blood flow by 34 +/- 8, 31 +/- 11, and 24 +/- 5%, respectively.
      Simultaneous infusion of all three hormones increased jejunal blood flow by 47 +/
      11%. These data suggest that, either alone or in combination, secretin,
      neurotensin, and CCK-8 are not of quantitative importance in regulating jejunal
      blood flow during the postprandial state. However, higher (presumably
      pharmacological) blood levels of these hormones do significantly elevate jejunal
      blood flow.

PMID- 4025552
TI  - Contractile patterns and transit of fluid in canine terminal ileum.
AB  - Earlier recordings of intraluminal pressure from the terminal ileum and across
      the ileocolonic sphincter of dogs revealed, in addition to the usual
      interdigestive and digestive patterns, pressure waves that appeared to have
      propulsive potential. One of these, which we designated as a "prolonged
      propagated contraction" (PPC), was a wave of high amplitude; it had a duration
      much longer than the ileal slow wave and migrated rapidly through the ileum,
      often into the proximal colon. The other pattern was one of "discrete clustered
      contractions" (DCC); these were propagated bursts of rhythmic phasic waves,
      distinct from phase III of the interdigestive myoelectric complex. These migrated
      through the ileum more rapidly than did phase III. Our aims were to record the
      electrical and mechanical equivalents of these pressure events using only
      extraluminal sensors and to evaluate the capacity of these contractions to propel
      fluids. PPCs and DCCs were recorded by extraluminal strain gauges, and flow was
      assessed by recovery of a nonabsorbable marker. Phase III of the migrating motor
      complex propelled fluid through the ileum, but in addition DCCs and, especially,
      PPCs were able to empty the ileum. These latter contractions have similarities to
      the ileal "peristaltic rush" described by others, and we believe these waves are
      an important force for ileal emptying.

PMID- 4025553
TI  - Renal handling of aluminum in the rat: clearance and micropuncture studies.
AB  - Previous uncertainty regarding glomerular ultrafilterability (UF) of aluminum has
      limited the definition of renal Al handling. Glomerular micropuncture was
      therefore performed in hydropenic Munich-Wistar rats infused with AlCl3 to
      achieve plasma (P) Al levels between 2 and 10 mg/liter. Glomerular fluid, P, and
      urine Al concentrations were measured by flameless atomic-absorption
      spectrophotometry. UFA1 was inversely correlated with PA1 [%UFA1 = 10.3 - 8.4
      (log PA1), r = -0.90, P less than 0.01]. When this equation was used to calculate
      the filtered load (FLA1), A1 excretion (UA1V, ng/min) in simultaneously collected
      samples was found to be a direct function of FLA1 [UA1V = 5.7 + 0.37 (FLA1), r =
      0.93, P less than 0.01]. Fractional excretion (FE) of A1 was 39.4 +/- 4.2% in
      these hydropenic experiments (FENa = 0.3 +/- 0.1%). We next evaluated the tubular
      handling of A1 (using these UF data) during step-wise extracellular fluid volume
      expansion with isotonic saline (2.5, 5.0, 7.0, and 7.0% body wt) and during the
      infusion of increasing doses (2.7, 5.3, 8.0, and 8.0 mg X kg-1 X h-1) of
      furosemide as urinary losses were quantitatively replaced. The natriuresis
      produced by volume expansion (FENa = 1.0, 3.0, 8.4, and 7.9%) and furosemide
      (FENa = 4.2, 6.0, 6.6, and 6.7%) were comparable. At similar FLA1, 7% volume
      expansion but not furosemide (at any dose) increased UA1V (240 and 95 ng/min,
      respectively, vs. 116 ng/min in hydropenia) and FEA1 (84.5 and 29.4 vs. 37.4%,
      respectively). These data indicate that at pharmacological PA1 levels, less than
      8.4% of PA1 is ultrafilterable, suggesting extensive plasma protein
      binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025554
TI  - pH regulation of endogenous acid production in subjects with chronic
      ketoacidosis.
AB  - In a previous study of starvation-induced acute ketoacidosis, net ketoacid
      production was inhibited by acid and facilitated by base ingestion. To determine
      whether hydrogen ion modifies net ketoacid production during chronic
      ketoacidosis, six over-weight volunteers ingested NaHCO3, NaCl, or NH4Cl (2 mmol
      X kg-1 X day-1), each for 7 days, during weeks 6-8 of ketogenic dieting. During
      days 4-7 of each phase, blood bicarbonate was stable but lower in the NH4Cl (19.6
      +/- 0.7 mM) than the NaHCO3 (23.7 +/- 0.7 mM) phases. Throughout these periods,
      acid intake differed by 216 mmol/day, whereas acid output differed by 129
      mmol/day between the NaHCO3 and the NH4Cl phases. The major contribution to this
      difference in acid balance was a difference in net organic acid (ketoacid)
      production. Although blood ketones were stable, ketoacid excretion, reflecting
      net ketoacid production, was decreased by 59% with acid and increased by 66% with
      base compared with NaCl (control) ingestion. Thus, in this state of chronic
      ketoacidosis, challenges to acid-base balance were countered by a rapidly
      occurring, sustained, reversible, and quantitatively significant modification of
      net acid production which acted as an effective mechanism for acid-base
      regulation.

PMID- 4025555
TI  - Effects of KCl infusion on potassium excretion in sheep.
AB  - To determine the quantitative relation of K excretion (UKV) to plasma K
      concentration (PK), three fasted, conscious, mature ewes were infused
      intravenously with 50 mmol KCl over 15, 30, and 60 min. Control experiments were
      without infusion. During KCl infusion PK was increased to 7.26 +/- 0.40 (15 min),
      6.68 +/- 0.48 (30 min), and 5.59 +/- 0.3 meq/liter (60 min). During all three
      infusions the increase in UKV relative to the increase in PK was similar. The
      mean delta UKV/delta PK ratio was 160 +/- 30 (SD) mueq/min per meq/liter (range
      102-203). On termination of each infusion PK decreased to control values, but UKV
      either remained elevated (60-min infusion) or first decreased and then increased
      (15- and 30-min infusions). The second, delayed kaliuresis began 30-45 min after
      initiation of KCl infusion and accelerated a return to the level of K balance of
      the control experiments. A plot of UKV against the corresponding period PK showed
      that, at a common value of PK, UKV was higher following KCl infusion when PK was
      dropping than during KCl infusion when PK was rising. The mechanisms responsible
      for this hysteresis phenomenon are not identified.

PMID- 4025556
TI  - Effects of dDAVP on rat juxtamedullary nephrons: stimulation of medullary K
      recycling.
AB  - The effects of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) on the handling of
      water and electrolytes by the juxtamedullary nephrons were studied on rats with
      reduced circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), parathyroid hormone,
      calcitonin, and glucagon, all of which stimulate the adenylate cyclase system of
      the thick ascending limb and the distal tubule. In such hormone-deprived rats and
      in hormone-deprived + dDAVP rats, the concentration of Na, Cl, and total solutes
      was lower in the ascending than in the descending limbs, whereas the inulin
      concentration was similar at both sites. dDAVP did not alter the fraction of NaCl
      remaining in the thin limbs, but tended to reduce that of Mg and Ca. On the other
      hand, dDAVP significantly increased the fraction of filtered K remaining from
      65.8 +/- 5.2 to 107.3 +/- 15.8%. A direct correlation was observed between the
      fraction of filtered K remaining at the tip of the juxtamedullary loops and the
      fractional excretion rate of K in urine. Since dDAVP enhances distal K net
      secretion, as previously shown in our laboratory, these results indicate that the
      medullary recycling of K from nephron terminal segments to Henle's loop of
      juxtamedullary nephrons is stimulated by this peptide.

PMID- 4025557
TI  - Water and electrolyte transport in Henle's loop and distal tubule after renal
      sympathectomy in the rat.
AB  - The effect of acute renal denervation (AD) on transtubular movement of water and
      electrolytes in Henle's loop (LH) and distal tubule (DT) of superficial nephrons
      was studied by the technique of in vivo microperfusion in Inactin-anesthetized
      hydropenic male rats. In time-control experiments (n = 6) no changes in either
      whole kidney or single nephron function were detected. Predenervation results of
      denervation experiments (n = 10) were similar to those of the time-control
      series. AD resulted in increased urine, sodium, and potassium excretion in the
      absence of changes of either arterial blood pressure or GFR. Compared with
      predenervation data, AD led to significant decreases in net transtubular fluxes
      (J) of water and sodium in both perfused segments with delivery kept constant
      (delta JNa: LH = 144 +/- 26 peq X min-1, 9.1 +/- 0.3%; DT = 94 +/- 11 peq X min
      1, 22.3 +/- 1.1%). Potassium absorption in the loop decreased but an increase in
      net addition (secretion) of K in the distal tubule on denervation occurred (delta
      JK = 8.7 +/- 1.9 peq X min-1, 68.7 +/- 3.2%). Use of the reperfusion technique
      gave similar results. These results indicate that efferent renal sympathetic
      nerve activity directly influences water, sodium, and potassium transport in the
      loop of Henle and distal tubule of the anesthetized rat.

PMID- 4025558
TI  - Importance of the liver during glucagon-mediated increases in canine renal
      hemodynamics.
AB  - We ascertained the importance of the liver in mediating glucagon-induced
      increases in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by
      comparing the renal hemodynamic responses to intrarenal versus intraportal
      infusion of glucagon at 3 ng X kg-1 X min-1 (a dose previously considered
      "physiologic") in two separate sets of anesthetized dogs. Following intrarenal
      infusion for 60 min (n = 6), glucagon was without effect on RBF and GFR. On the
      average, RBF and GFR increased by only 2 +/- 1 and 3 +/- 1%, respectively.
      However, in a second group of dogs (n = 6), intraportal infusion of glucagon
      significantly increased both RBF and GFR by the same order of magnitude over 60
      min. RBF and GFR increased, on the average, by 22 +/- 2 and 20 +/- 2%,
      respectively. Peak responses occurred 30 min following glucagon infusion when RBF
      and GFR were elevated by 25 +/- 2 and 26 +/- 2%, respectively. In neither group
      of dogs were filtration fraction, arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial
      hematocrit, or arterial plasma protein concentration altered. These data indicate
      that the liver plays an important role in mediating the renal hyperemia and
      hyperfiltration observed following a physiologic infusion of glucagon.

PMID- 4025559
TI  - Responses of the atrial myocardium to cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation.
AB  - The cardiac responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation were measured in open
      chest, anesthetized dogs before and after infusions of cocaine, which were given
      to inhibit the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine. Cocaine did not augment the
      inotropic or chronotropic responses, but it did retard their decay after
      cessation of sympathetic stimulation. Before cocaine, the half-times for decay of
      the chronotropic, atrial inotropic, and ventricular inotropic responses were 28.4
      +/- 2.2, 29.8 +/- 2.7, and 22.1 +/- 1.9 (+/- SE) s, respectively. After cocaine,
      however, the half-times were significantly greater (147 +/- 12.0, 51.4 +/- 3.9,
      and 32.9 +/- 2.5 s, respectively). The cocaine-induced prolongation of the decay
      time in a given cardiac tissue is a measure of the relative efficacy of neuronal
      uptake as a mechanism for dissipating the neurally released norepinephrine. Our
      data indicate, therefore, that among the various cardiac tissues that we studied,
      the neuronal uptake mechanism is least effective in the ventricular myocardium,
      somewhat more effective in the atrial myocardium, and most effective in the
      sinoatrial nodal region.

PMID- 4025560
TI  - Nonuniformity of inner and outer systolic wall thickening in conscious dogs.
AB  - Transmural differences in systolic wall thickening were analyzed in 13 conscious
      dogs by implanting sonomicrometers to continuously measure total wall thickness
      (WT) and outer WT approximately half the distance through the myocardium at a
      closely adjacent location. Inner WT was derived by subtraction of outer WT from
      total WT. Outer wall measurements spanned, on average, the outer 44 +/- 10% (+/-
      SD) of the wall; derived inner wall measurements spanned the remaining 56 +/-
      10%. At rest the fractional contribution (FC) of the outer wall to total systolic
      wall thickening was 29 +/- 9%, which was significantly less than the FC of the
      inner wall, 71 +/- 9%. These data are in good agreement with simplified modeling
      of a cross section of the left ventricle as two concentric rings that predicts
      that the FC of inner and outer halves of the wall should be approximately 67 and
      33%, respectively. During treadmill exercise, the extent of both inner and outer
      thickening increased significantly (30 and 29%, respectively) but the relative FC
      of the inner and outer wall remained the same. The data indicate that systolic
      wall thickening is nonuniform and that this nonuniformity remains constant during
      the increased inotropic and chronotropic stimulation associated with exercise.

PMID- 4025561
TI  - Effect of pacing on oxygen supply-to-consumption ratio in ischemic myocardium.
AB  - This study was performed to determine if the partially occluded myocardium could
      maintain its O2 supply-to-consumption ratio during atrial pacing. In 14 open
      chest anesthetized dogs, the left anterior descending coronary artery was
      occluded to 50% of base-line flow, and in half of the dogs the hearts were paced
      to 50% above base-line heart rate. Blood flows were determined by use of
      microspheres before and after occlusion, and O2 supply-consumption variables were
      determined by use of microspectrophotometry. After occlusion in control and paced
      groups, blood flow was depressed in the ischemic region compared with the
      nonischemic region. In paced animals, blood flows in all regions were
      significantly higher compared with their respective values in nonpaced animals.
      After pacing, mean O2 consumption was 34% higher (53% in the occluded region)
      compared with control animals. The O2 supply-to-consumption ratio was similar in
      the occluded region of paced animals compared with the same region in controls.
      This ratio was lower in ischemic regions of both groups compared with their
      respective nonischemic regions. This indicates that, despite a reduced O2 supply
      to-consumption ratio in the ischemic area, an unutilized reserve of flow exists.

PMID- 4025562
TI  - Intracoronary naloxone in hemorrhagic shock: dose-dependent stereospecific
      effects.
AB  - Treatment with naloxone improves cardiovascular function and survival in a
      variety of shock models, and numerous sites and mechanisms for its action have
      been proposed. Data presented in this article support the hypothesis that in
      hemorrhagic shock naloxone exerts its beneficial hemodynamic effects by acting
      primarily at cardiac opiate receptors. Naloxone or its stereoisomer (d-naloxone)
      were administered intravenously (iv) and directly into the coronary circulation
      (ic) in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and subjected to hemorrhagic
      shock. Treatment with naloxone (2.0 mg/kg iv or 0.2 mg/kg ic) resulted in
      significant improvements in arterial pressure, myocardial contractility, and
      cardiac output. Treatment with saline or naloxone (0.2 mg/kg iv) were without
      beneficial effect. The hemodynamic responses to naloxone administered into the
      coronary circulation were dose dependent and stereospecific. These data support
      the hypothesis that naloxone exerts its salubrious effects in canine hemorrhagic
      shock by acting at cardiac opiate receptors.

PMID- 4025563
TI  - Dietary salt loading produces baroreflex impairment and mild hypertension in
      rats.
AB  - Mild hypertension with reduced chronotropic baroreflex sensitivity to
      phenylephrine occurred in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-salt diet for 5 wk.
      Progressive elevation of systolic and mean pressures, detected initially by
      indirect tail-cuff measurement, was later verified by direct recording of phasic
      pressures from indwelling aortic catheters in the same rats. Reflex bradycardia
      during pressor responses to phenylephrine was consistently less pronounced in
      salt-loaded than in control rats, whether tested while rats were awake or
      anesthetized. However, attendant decreases in renal nerve activity were not
      appreciably altered. Neither central nor carotid baroreceptor mechanisms were
      considered likely but aortic baroreceptors must have somehow been depressed
      because increases in afferent aortic nerve activity elicited during intravenous
      infusion of phenylephrine were invariably smaller in salt-loaded than in control
      rats. Whatever the underlying mechanisms may be, our results show that when
      hypertension develops during dietary salt loading, baroreflex chronotropic
      responses are selectively inhibited while attendant decreases in renal nerve
      activity are preserved.

PMID- 4025564
TI  - Crystalloid and perfluorochemical perfusates in an isolated working rabbit heart
      preparation.
AB  - Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KH) and a perfluorochemical (FC-43) were compared as
      perfusates in an isolated working rabbit heart preparation. Both perfusates were
      oxygenated in an identical manner using an infant bubble oxygenator. After 60 min
      of perfusion, no difference could be detected in the ratio of wet to dry heart
      weight between KH- and FC-43-perfused hearts (KH, 6.25 +/- 0.3; FC-43, 5.99 +/-
      0.20). Left ventricular systolic pressure, maximal rate of left ventricular
      pressure rise, mean aortic systolic pressure, cardiac output, aortic flow, left
      ventricular power, and myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) were significantly higher
      in FC-43-perfused hearts throughout the time of perfusion. However, there were no
      differences in resistance to cardiac output and heart rate. In KH- and FC-43
      perfused hearts, MVO2 and left ventricular power were closely correlated (KH, r =
      0.793; FC-43, r = 0.831). Significantly higher coronary flow of KH-perfused
      hearts could be attributed to the lower viscosity of KH (1.05 Pa . s) compared
      with FC-43 (1.91 Pa . s). Increased O2 extraction during KH perfusion could not
      compensate for low O2-carrying capacity of KH buffer (345 compared with 705 nmol
      O2 X ml-1 in FC-43 emulsion). A postischemic increase of coronary flow was
      observed only in FC-43-perfused hearts (28%). These results demonstrate a
      different response of perfused heart preparations to FC-43 and KH buffer.

PMID- 4025565
TI  - Mechanism for dynamic changes in stenotic severity.
AB  - The mechanism responsible for rapid changes in stenotic severity or resistance
      due to alterations in perfusion pressure and distal resistance is addressed by
      this study. An in vitro, eccentric arterial stenosis model was created using 15
      canine carotid arteries cannulated with silicone plugs containing special
      pressure-transducing catheters designed to measure pressure directly, within the
      stenosis. The vessels were perfused at perfusion pressures of 150, 100, and 75
      mmHg and at two levels of distal resistance while perfusion pressure, distal
      pressure, stenotic pressure, and flow were recorded. Orthogonal arteriograms were
      performed. Stenotic resistance was calculated as (perfusion pressure--distal
      pressure)/flow. All variables changed significantly (P less than 0.05) with
      decreases in perfusion pressure. Stenotic resistance always increased (P less
      than 0.02) as perfusion pressure or distal resistance decreased. These dynamic
      changes in stenotic resistance occurred at stenotic pressures well above the
      atmospheric, extraluminal pressure. Arteriographic data demonstrated decreasing
      stenotic luminal area with decreasing stenotic pressure. These results confirm
      the assertion that rapid changes in stenotic resistance are related to changes in
      stenotic luminal area and are not due to extrinsic forces. The principles of the
      Starling resistor are, therefore, not applicable to dynamic arterial stenoses.
      This information is immediately relevant to clinical situations in which
      complaint, severe stenosis results in ischemia.

PMID- 4025566
TI  - Intestinal hemodynamics in dogs with chronic one-kidney, one-wrapped
      hypertension.
AB  - In pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs with chronic one-kidney, one-wrapped
      perinephritic hypertension, the status of blood flow and resistance differs among
      vascular beds. There is normal blood flow with elevated resistance in the limb
      and elevated blood flow with normal resistance in the ileum. In the present study
      we investigated the mechanism of elevated flow and normal resistance in the ileum
      by measuring blood flow, pressure, O2 consumption, reactive hyperemia, pressure
      flow relationships, resistance at maximal vasodilation, and nonentrapment
      (shunting) of 9-microns microspheres in vascularly isolated, blood-perfused ilea
      of 11 24-h fasted dogs with chronic (greater than 4 wk duration) one-kidney
      perinephritic hypertension [1KH; PA = 163 +/- 8 (SD) mmHg] and 15 fasted
      normotensive one-kidney, sham-wrapped dogs (1KC; PA = 108 +/- 7 mmHg). In 1KH
      ileal blood flow was elevated by 35% (P less than 0.001), but ileal vascular
      resistance was unchanged. Pressure-flow relationships were similar in
      hypertensive and normotensive ilea, with little evidence for significant
      autoregulation in either. We also noted no significant differences in ileal O2
      consumption, reactive hyperemia, or resistance at maximal vasodilation. However,
      we found nonentrapment of microspheres to be a positive function of perfusion
      pressure (P less than 0.02) and to be increased by 40% during ileal perfusion at
      levels of perfusion pressure within the hypertensive range (150-200 mmHg). Thus
      the increased ileal blood flow in 1KH may reflect the effects of a poorly
      autoregulating tissue, as well as "shunt" flow through pressure-activated
      channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025568
TI  - Evidence and quantitation of left ventricular systolic resistance.
AB  - Instantaneous left ventricular pressure is a function of both volume (elastic
      behavior) and flow (resistive behavior). However, a quantitative description of
      ventricular resistance and its effects on ventricular performance remains to be
      elucidated. Accordingly, ventricular resistive behavior was studied in six
      isolated canine hearts. Our experimental findings indicate 1) for a specified
      time (ts), volume (Vs), and contractile state (CS), the ventricular pressure-flow
      relation was linear (r = 0.96-0.99) within the range of flows examined (0-250
      ml/s); 2) ventricular resistance increased with increments in ts, Vs, and CS,
      whereas the zero-pressure flow intercept was invariant; 3) resistance could be
      uniquely quantified as a linear function of isovolumetric pressure. In six
      experiments, the slope of this relationship ranged from 1.1 to 2.1 X 10(-3) s/ml
      while the intercept did not differ from zero; and 4) end-systolic elastance,
      estimated from end-systolic pressure-volume data, was in substantial error under
      the conditions of finite (greater than 35 ml/s) end-systolic flows. Finally, the
      results from a computer simulation of the coupled ventricular-arterial system
      indicated that ventricular resistance primarily affects the pulsatile nature of
      aortic flow. The unique isovolumetric pressure-resistance relation suggests that
      the rate-limiting properties of the contractile process may be causally related
      to the observed ventricular resistive behavior.

PMID- 4025567
TI  - Sodium-dependent hypertension produced by chronic central angiotensin II
      infusion.
AB  - Experiments were performed to characterize the hypertension produced by chronic
      intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) in conscious
      rats. Infusion of ANG II into a lateral cerebral ventricle for 5 days (1 or 6
      micrograms/h) produced dose-dependent increases in mean arterial pressure
      associated with increased water intake. No consistent changes in heart rate,
      urinary electrolyte excretion, or water balance were observed. Similarly, no
      alterations in plasma sodium and potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, or
      plasma ANG II levels were seen during ICV ANG II infusion. Controlling fluid
      intake at 40 ml/day did not alter the development of hypertension in this model.
      Hypertension was found to be sodium dependent, with high sodium intake augmenting
      the increase in arterial pressure in response to chronic ICV ANG II. Although
      plasma aldosterone concentrations were increased in some situations during ICV
      ANG II infusion, adrenalectomy failed to alter the course of hypertension. This
      study demonstrates that chronic selective stimulation of brain ANG II receptors
      by means of continuous ICV infusion of ANG II produces sodium-sensitive increases
      in arterial pressure associated with, but not dependent on, increased fluid
      intake. This form of hypertension cannot be attributed to sodium and water
      retention, elevations in plasma aldosterone, or leak of significant amounts of
      ANG II from cerebrospinal fluid into the peripheral circulation.

PMID- 4025569
TI  - Evidence that capillary perfusion heterogeneity is not controlled in striated
      muscle.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that the heterogeneity of capillary blood flow
      distribution in striated muscle is inversely proportional to tissue blood flow by
      examining the patterns of red blood cell flow in the capillaries of hamster
      tibialis anterior muscles. Capillary red blood cell velocities and capillary red
      blood cell fluxes were measured as indexes of blood flow and red blood cell
      distribution in vasoconstricted and vasodilated vascular beds of resting and
      working striated muscle. Standard statistical parameters describing dispersion of
      data (standard deviation and coefficient of variation) in addition to measured
      and normalized histograms were compared across treatments. With vasodilation the
      standard deviations of both variables increased linearly with the means, and
      measured distributions became broader. The coefficients of variation and
      normalized distributions of both variables did not differ across treatments.
      These observations do not support the idea that the heterogeneity of capillary
      perfusion is controlled. Rather they suggest that fractional flow dispersion
      among capillaries is constant and independent of muscle blood flow and/or O2
      demand.

PMID- 4025570
TI  - Cerebrovascular hypoxic and autoregulatory responses during reduced brain
      metabolism.
AB  - The effect of reducing cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) on the cerebral blood
      flow (CBF) responses to isocapnic hypoxic hypoxia and hypotension was examined in
      sheep. Newborn and adult animals were studied because of their different base
      line CMRO2. Microsphere-measured CBF responses during pentobarbital coma (i.e.,
      electroencephalographic silence) were compared with responses in conscious or
      lightly sedated animals. Induction of barbiturate coma reduced both CMRO2 and CBF
      by 50% from the awake value and by 25% from the value obtained in animals sedated
      with pentobarbital. The CBF response to 30 and 50% reductions in arterial O2
      content (CaO2) was attenuated during coma, but only in proportion to the decrease
      in CMRO2. Whether CMRO2 was normal or reduced, the normoxic cerebral O2 delivery
      (CaO2 X CBF) was maintained during hypoxia in both newborns and adults. The
      relative autoregulatory index (fractional change in CBF divided by fractional
      change in perfusion pressure) was determined during graded hemorrhage. The index
      was not significantly different from zero (which represents perfect
      autoregulation) in awake, lightly sedated, or comatose animals. The data
      demonstrate that both base-line CBF and responses to hypoxia are closely tied to
      CMRO2 and that 50% reduction of CMRO2 does not impair cerebrovascular
      autoregulation.

PMID- 4025571
TI  - Hemodynamic and regional circulatory alterations in dog during anaphylactic
      challenge.
AB  - Microspheres were employed to measure the cardiac output (CO), percent
      distribution of CO (%CO), and blood flow (BF) to various tissues in the dog
      during anaphylactic shock. Five minutes after challenge there was a 66 and 83%
      drop from control for mean arterial pressure and CO, respectively. Arterial
      glucose and lactic acid rose 62 and 537%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a
      narrowing of the systemic arteriovenous difference for PO2 and a widening of the
      venoarterial difference for PCO2. Pressure compensation toward control values
      began 5 min postchallenge and continued through 180 min. Circulatory
      perturbations during severe hypotension (less than mmHg) included depressed %CO
      and BF to the pancreas and spleen and elevated %CO to the brain and adrenals.
      Cerebral and adrenal BF remained unchanged at this period. BF to the kidneys,
      liver (hepatic artery), and gastrointestinal tract dropped markedly as a function
      of increased peripheral resistance and decreased CO. As cardiac performance
      improved, blood flow to the pancreas, spleen, liver, diaphragm, and
      gastrointestinal tissues returned toward control but was elevated to the adrenals
      and decreased to the brain.

PMID- 4025572
TI  - Effects of intracardiac bradykinin on T2-T5 medial spinothalamic cells.
AB  - Effects of injecting bradykinin (2 micrograms/kg) into the left atrium on
      spinothalamic tract neurons projecting to medial thalamus (M-STT cells), to the
      ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus (L-STT cells), or to both (LM
      STT cells) were examined in 18 monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) anesthetized with
      alpha-chloralose. Bradykinin increased cell activity in 11/16 M-STT cells, 10/15
      L-STT cells, and 4/7 LM-STT cells. One M-STT cell was inhibited. Peak responses
      to bradykinin of the three cell groups were not different. LM-STT cells began to
      respond and reached peak responses slightly earlier than the other two groups.
      Six M-STT, four L-STT, and two LM-STT cells became entrained to the cardiac cycle
      during their responses to bradykinin. Responses to bradykinin were not dependent
      on the type of somatic input or cell location. Responding cells most often
      received A delta- and C-fiber sympathetic input, but some responding cells had
      only A delta-input. These results demonstrate that in addition to L-STT cells STT
      cells projecting to the medial thalamus respond to a potentially noxious cardiac
      stimulus. These cells may participate in the motivational-affective component of
      cardiac pain.

PMID- 4025573
TI  - Oscillatory temperature response to constant power applied to canine muscle.
AB  - A previously unreported oscillatory temperature response has been observed in
      canine thigh muscle subjected to an abrupt application of a constant specific
      energy absorption rate (SAR). The power was applied to anesthetized dogs (stage 3
      plane of anesthesia) using 2,450-MHz microwaves. Five types of responses have
      been identified that have occurrences depending on the maximal temperature
      produced by the applied power. In particular, for SAR values resulting in
      sufficiently high initial temperatures, self-sustaining temperature oscillations
      lasting over 4 h have been observed with amplitudes up to 7 degrees C. The
      temperature oscillations are believed to be caused by oscillations in the local
      blood perfusion rate.

PMID- 4025574
TI  - Osmotic factors in restitution from thermal dehydration in rats.
AB  - The degree of voluntary dehydration after thermal dehydration was assessed while
      supplying drinking water of varying NaCl concentrations. Adult male albino rats
      were exposed to a hot-dry environment (dry bulb temp 36 degrees C; relative
      humidity 20%) for 6-8 h, and dehydration of 7% body wt was induced. After
      dehydration the rats were divided into three groups, and distilled water and 0.45
      or 0.9% NaCl solution was given ad libitum. The amount of fluid intake reached an
      equilibrium in 6-12 h; the 0.45 and 0.9% NaCl groups regained almost all lost
      water, whereas the distilled water group regained only half. During rehydration
      the 0.45 and 0.9% NaCl groups gained Na by approximately 430-650 mueq and lost K
      by 90-130 mueq, whereas the distilled water group lost Na slightly and K by 80
      mueq/100 g body wt. As for the electrolyte balance during thermal dehydration,
      rats excreted Na and K into urine and saliva. Na loss was 200 mueq/100 g, almost
      all of which was derived from the interstitial space of skin and skeletal muscle,
      and K loss was 230 mueq/100 g, almost all of which was derived from intracellular
      space of skeletal muscle. Total cation loss (Na, K) during thermal dehydration,
      including K excretion during rehydration, was 510-560 mueq/100 g, which was
      almost identical to the Na gained by rats given 0.45 or 0.9% NaCl solution. These
      results suggest that voluntary dehydration is caused by the dilutional inhibition
      of drinking due to loss of electrolytes during thermal dehydration.

PMID- 4025575
TI  - Hemodynamics during pregnancy and sex steroid administration in guinea pigs.
AB  - We investigated the time course and possible mechanisms by which the maternal
      cardiovascular system adapts to the demands of pregnancy. Control, 20-, 40-, and
      60-day gestation guinea pigs (total 68 days) and nonpregnant virgin female guinea
      pigs chronically dosed with cholesterol (control), estrogen (17beta-estradiol),
      progesterone, and estrogen plus progesterone were studied. In vivo heart rates,
      pressures, cardiac outputs, blood volumes, and in vitro left ventricular pressure
      volume relations were measured. There was no difference in heart rate, mean
      arterial, right atrial, or left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, or left
      ventricular weights between the various pregnant animals or hormone-dosed animals
      and their respective controls. By 20 days gestation blood volume (24%, P less
      than 0.005), cardiac output (22%, P less than 0.005), and stroke volume (22%, P
      less than 0.05) were increased, whereas uterine blood flow was unchanged. Chronic
      estrogen administration resulted in similar increases in cardiac output (24%, P
      less than 0.05), stroke volume (31%, P less than 0.05), and blood volume (13%, P
      less than 0.05). In vitro left ventricular pressure-volume relations were shifted
      to the right in all pregnant and hormone-dosed groups. Increases in left
      ventricular size and output occur before changes in uterine blood flow in guinea
      pig pregnancy, and these adaptations can be elicited by chronic sex steroid
      administration.

PMID- 4025576
TI  - Menstrual cycle phase and time of day alter reference signal controlling arm
      blood flow and sweating.
AB  - The changes occurring in the esophageal temperature (Tes) thresholds for
      initiation of heat loss responses as affected by the circadian period and
      menstrual cycle were studied. Four women exercised at 60% peak Vo2 in 35 degrees
      C (ambient water vapor pressure 1.73 kPa) for 30 min at 0400 and 1600 during the
      follicular (F) and luteal (L) phase. Tes, arm sweating rate (msw), and forearm
      blood flow (FBF) were measured frequently. At rest, Tes averaged 0.3 degrees C
      higher during L than F at both 0400 and 1600 and approximately 0.4 degrees C
      higher at 1600 than at 0400 during both phases. During exercise transients, the
      slopes of the FBF:Tes and the msw:Tes relationships were not different among
      treatments. The thresholds for initiation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilation
      were higher at 1600 than 0400 during both phases. Thresholds during F at 0400
      averaged 36.44 degrees C for msw and 36.80 degrees C for vasodilation. The
      thresholds during L at 1600 averaged 37.46 and 37.53 degrees C for sweating and
      vasodilation, respectively. Our data indicate that the thermoregulatory effector
      activity during exercise is a function of numerous inputs, and one of these may
      be hormonal or hormonal-like in action. Controlling time of day and menstrual
      cycle phase are as important as controlling for aerobic power, age, and fitness
      in studying female thermoregulatory responses during exercise.

PMID- 4025577
TI  - Mathematical model of fetal circulation and oxygen delivery.
AB  - To better understand the fetal circulation and its regulation we constructed a
      dynamic model of fetal circulation as a transport system. The fetal vascular
      system is divided into 16 compartments which incorporate the peculiarities of the
      fetal circulation that produce a difference in oxygen concentration in blood
      supplying the upper and lower body. Recently published data is used to provide a
      firm experimental base for the model. The model is used to examine how the
      results on parts of the fetal cardiovascular system and fetal oxygen consumption
      are compatible and form a coherent description. We also studied the effects of
      disturbances from the normal steady state produced by changes in patterns of and
      resistances to blood flow. A maternal placental blood flow of less than 200 ml X
      min-1 X kg fetal wt-1 produces a steady-state value of oxygen tension in the
      fetal ascending aorta of less than 17 mmHg, which is incompatible with normal
      oxygen delivery. A minimal value of umbilical flow providing an adequate oxygen
      supply to the fetal body is 87 ml X min-1 X kg fetal wt-1. Due to the geometry of
      the fetal circulation, the highest normal oxygen tension in the fetal ascending
      aorta is approximately 25 mmHg, only 8 mmHg above the lowest normal tension of 17
      mmHg. Dynamic studies using the model demonstrate differences in response of
      fetal arterial oxygen tension to temporal cord occlusion and temporal decrease in
      maternal placental flow.

PMID- 4025578
TI  - Calcium regulation in blowflies: absence of a role for midgut.
AB  - Adult blowflies (Calliphora vicina) survive many days without increased mortality
      if fed 12.5 mM CaCl2 solution in place of water. Initially the calcium content of
      these flies rapidly increases to more than double the original content but then
      remains stable for many days afterward. Calcium absorption continues at a similar
      rate throughout this time. Midguts isolated from flies fed either 12.5 mM CaCl2
      solution or distilled water have the same capacity to absorb calcium. Dopamine,
      octopamine, proctolin, and 5-hydroxytryptamine, at pharmacological doses, do not
      affect calcium absorption by the isolated midgut. Malpighian tubules are the site
      of most rapid calcium turnover when flies are fed excess calcium. It is concluded
      that excretion and not absorption is the major site of hemolymph calcium
      regulation in C. vicina. This contrasts to the situation in mammals where
      transcellular calcium absorption by the duodenum is precisely controlled. It is
      suggested that to avoid high luminal calcium concentrations, fast calcium
      absorption from the blowfly midgut is adapted to remove calcium from the lumen
      rather than to regulate hemolymph calcium concentration.

PMID- 4025579
TI  - Subfornical organ and supraoptic nucleus connections with septal neurons in rats.
AB  - Extracellular single unit recordings obtained in pentobarbital-anesthetized male
      Sprague Dawley rats were utilized to examine the electrophysiology of connections
      of medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MS-DBB) neurons with the subfornical
      organ (SFO), hippocampal commissure (HC), and supraoptic nucleus (SON). Of the
      119/216 cells tested that demonstrated antidromic activation from SON, many (60%)
      were orthodromically excited by SFO stimulation, whereas most (68%) were
      unresponsive to stimulation in the adjacent HC. Separate populations of MS-DBB
      neurons that displayed antidromic activation from the SFO (11/140 cells tested)
      or HC (24/78 tested) were orthodromically excited by SON stimulation. Three cells
      were activated antidromically from both the SFO and SON. These observations
      reveal some possible interconnections between these three brain regions and point
      to the existence of an indirect pathway whereby the SFO can influence SON neurons
      through an influence on MS-DBB neurons.

PMID- 4025580
TI  - Renal function in sea snakes. I. Glomerular filtration rate and water handling.
AB  - Renal clearance studies were performed on anesthetized sea snakes (Aipysurus
      laevis) under various salt and volume loads. The median values for the control
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine flow rate (V) were 0.78 and 0.11 ml X
      kg-1 X h-1, respectively. Acute salt loading with 1 mol/l NaCl significantly
      increased V to 0.68 ml X kg-1 X h-1, whereas acute water loading significantly
      decreased GFR to 0.17 ml X kg-1 X h-1. Acute loading with either isosmotic NaCl
      or seawater did not significantly alter either V or GFR. Chronic loading with
      water or seawater by intraperitoneal injection significantly increased both GFR
      and V. No consistent relationship between plasma osmolality and GFR was observed.
      Instead a threshold-type relationship existed between GFR and plasma K
      concentration. Within each treatment group, high plasma K concentrations were
      correlated with low GFRs. There was an abrupt increase in GFR at low plasma K
      concentrations, the inflection point ranging from 2.5 to 4 mmol/l K depending on
      the experimental treatment. A curvilinear relationship existed between V and GFR;
      as GFR increased, V approached a maximal limiting value. At low GFRs (less than
      0.2 ml X kg-1 X h-1), V often exceeded GFR, indicating net fluid secretion that
      was correlated with net Na movement. In addition, there was an inverse
      relationship between urine-to-plasma osmolality ratio and V. At low values of V,
      urine osmolalities modestly exceeded those of the plasma. Overall, renal function
      of A. laevis appears to be adapted to conserve water.

PMID- 4025581
TI  - Renal function in sea snakes. II. Sodium, potassium, and magnesium excretion.
AB  - Renal clearance studies performed on the sea snake Aipysurus laevis demonstrated
      net tubular reabsorption of Na and both net tubular secretion and reabsorption of
      Mg and K. Fractional excretion of Na (FENa) was 0.05 under control conditions and
      increased markedly with hyperosmotic salt loading. Within each group, however,
      higher glomerular filtration rates were accompanied by disproportionately greater
      Na reabsorption. FEMg was 0.66 under control conditions and increased with Mg
      loading. The rate of Mg secretion was positively correlated with the urine flow
      rate. However, Mg loading caused a flow-independent increase in Mg secretion that
      was correlated with increasing plasma Mg concentration. FEK was 0.86 under
      control conditions and increased with K loading as a result of enhanced K
      secretion by the renal tubules. Like renal Mg secretion, renal K secretion showed
      a flow-dependent component as well as a flow-independent component related to
      plasma K concentration.

PMID- 4025582
TI  - Energy expenditure is reduced in preobese 2-day Zucker fa/fa rats.
AB  - The rate of oxygen consumption was measured in 2-day Zucker preobese (fa/fa),
      homozygous (Fa/Fa) lean, and lean rats of unknown genotype (Fa/?) over the
      ambient temperature range of 26-35 degrees C. Significant differences in body
      mass were found among the three groups at this early age, the preobese pups
      having the greatest body mass. To account for body mass differences, the oxygen
      consumption data were expressed in terms of metabolic body size (ml O2 consumed X
      g body mass-2/3 X h-1). This mass-independent rate of oxygen consumption was
      significantly lower in the preobese pups than in the homozygous lean (Fa/Fa) pups
      at both thermoneutral (33-34 degrees C) and cold (26-27 degrees C) ambient
      temperatures at which, respectively, minimal and maximal rates of oxygen
      consumption were observed. This reduction in energy expenditure occurs before the
      establishment of hyperphagia or decreased levels of activity in the preobese
      pups. These data support the view that attenuated energy expenditure is a
      significant contributor to the early development of obesity in the Zucker fatty
      rat and point to the possibility of defective brown adipose tissue-mediated
      thermogenesis in the preobese pup.

PMID- 4025583
TI  - Influence of central chemoreceptor afferent inputs on respiratory muscle
      activity.
AB  - Respiratory activity can be substantially affected by perturbations confined to
      the superficial areas of the ventrolateral surface of the medulla, the putative
      site of central chemoreceptors. In this study we compared the effect of thermal
      and pharmacological interventions that are known to alter respiration on the
      electrical activity of the rib cage muscles, diaphragm, and abdominal muscles.
      With cooling of the intermediate areas to 20 degrees C, tidal volume decreased
      50%. The electrical activity of the diaphragm decreased less than the other
      muscles (diaphragm less than inspiratory intercostal less than expiratory
      intercostal). Abdominal muscle activity was depressed as much as expiratory
      intercostal activity but reappeared with further cooling to 10 degrees C if
      cooling was prolonged and the vagi were intact. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
      and its agonist muscimol, like cooling, reduced expiratory and inspiratory
      intercostal activity more than diaphragm activity. Nicotine, a respiratory
      stimulant, applied to the intermediate areas increased inspiratory intercostal
      activity more than the diaphragm. The results suggest that under the conditions
      of the experiments the rib cage musculature, and probably the abdominal muscles
      as well, are more responsive than the diaphragm to depression or excitation of
      chemosensitive elements in the superficial regions of the medulla.

PMID- 4025584
TI  - Psychotic syndromes in epilepsy.
AB  - Claims have been made that epilepsy is associated with both brief psychotic
      episodes and persistent psychotic states. The existence of brief, nonconfusional
      psychotic episodes in epilepsy has received some formal support; these may be a
      function of temporal lobe subictal activity. Persistent psychosis is found in
      about 7% of patients with epilepsy; independent evidence indicates this to be a
      significant association. Temporal lobe seizure activity, again probably acting
      subictally, may be involved in the pathogenesis of these states, perhaps in
      interaction with other factors. Occurrence of psychotic syndromes in epilepsy may
      be relevant to kindling, atypical psychoses unrelated to epilepsy, and the
      psychotropic effect of carbamazepine.

PMID- 4025585
TI  - Extended sleep (hypersomnia) in young depressed patients.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that young depressed patients have prolonged rather than
      shortened sleep, 14 depressed patients aged 17-25 and age-matched normal control
      subjects were allowed to sleep as long as they wanted. All subjects increased
      their sleep over baseline values, but the extended sleep period of the depressed
      patients was almost twice as long as that of the control subjects. The
      distribution of sleep stages in the extended period did not differ. The depressed
      patients had changes in the length of REM periods similar to those of older
      subjects. The findings suggest an interaction between age, sleep, and depression.

PMID- 4025586
TI  - Empathy and outcome in brief focal dynamic therapy.
AB  - In an attempt to test the hypothesis that therapist empathy is an important
      variable in successful dynamic therapy, the authors collected outcome measures
      and empathy ratings in the brief focal dynamic therapy of 59 patients. There was
      no significant agreement among patients, therapists, and clinical supervisors
      when they used the same scale to rate therapist empathy for the same sessions.
      Only the patients' ratings correlated significantly with some of the outcome
      measures, and they added modest but statistically significant predictive variance
      on multiple regression analysis. The authors discuss the implications of these
      findings for the traditional mode of supervision of dynamic therapy.

PMID- 4025587
TI  - Therapist actions that address initially poor therapeutic alliances in
      psychotherapy.
AB  - The authors studied six patients treated in time-limited dynamic psychotherapy
      who had initially poor therapeutic alliance scores; three patients went on to
      have improved alliances and good outcomes, and three had unimproved alliances and
      poor outcomes. The therapist actions that most strongly differentiated the two
      groups and occurred more frequently in the cases with improved alliances and good
      outcomes were 1) addressing the patient's defenses, 2) addressing the patient's
      guilt and expectation of punishment, 3) addressing the patient's problematic
      feelings in relation to the therapist, and 4) linking the problematic feelings in
      relation to the therapist with the patient's defenses.

PMID- 4025588
TI  - Familial transmission of schizotypal and borderline personality disorders.
AB  - The authors determined the risk for psychiatric disorders in the first-degree
      relatives of 36 probands with schizotypal personality disorder (13 definite, 23
      probable), 17 probands with borderline personality disorder (two definite, 15
      probable), and 90 normal control probands. The relatives of probands with
      schizotypal personality disorder without a concurrent diagnosis of borderline
      personality disorder had a significantly greater risk for schizotypal personality
      disorder than the relatives of normal control probands, borderline probands, or
      schizotypal probands with coexisting borderline personality disorder. The
      relatives of borderline probands had a significantly greater risk for definite
      and probable borderline personality disorder than the relatives of normal control
      probands.

PMID- 4025589
TI  - When doctors listen: counseling patterns of nonpsychiatrist physicians.
AB  - Recent work has shown that nonpsychiatrist physicians are surprisingly active in
      the mental health arena. Using the two most recent National Ambulatory Medical
      Care Surveys (1980-1981), the authors analyzed the provision of counseling
      services by general medical physicians in more detail. Office visits involving
      counseling were a third again as long as the average office visit (20 minutes
      versus 15) and involved notably more diagnostic and therapeutic services.
      Although patients who received counseling services from nonpsychiatrist
      physicians were generally not mentally ill, about one in eight did have a
      psychiatric diagnosis and might have been better served in the mental health
      sector.

PMID- 4025590
TI  - Value of difficult temperament among 7-year-olds in the general population for
      predicting psychiatric diagnosis at age 12.
AB  - The authors assessed the predictive value of "difficult" temperament, as defined
      in the New York Longitudinal Study, in 12-year-old children from the general
      population of Quebec City whose temperaments had been determined to be difficult
      or easy at age 7. The difficult and easy temperament groups were balanced for
      age, sex, and socioeconomic status. The authors used many convergent measuring
      devices and were blind to the temperament scores of the children at age 7.
      Temperamentally difficult children had more clinical disorders at age 12 that
      qualified for a DSM-III diagnosis. An association with family dysfunction in
      terms of behavior control seemed to increase this risk: there was a lower rate of
      clinical disorders among children in superior functioning families than among
      those in dysfunctional families.

PMID- 4025591
TI  - Specificity of lactate infusions in social phobia versus panic disorders.
AB  - Lactate infusions produced panic attacks in one of 15 patients with social
      phobia, four of nine with agoraphobia, and 10 of 20 with panic disorder in a
      blind study. The proportion of patients with social phobia who panicked in
      response to lactate was significantly lower than that of patients with
      agoraphobia or panic disorder. These findings lend validity to the DSM-III
      classification of anxiety states. They also suggest that the pathophysiology of
      social phobia differs from that of disorders characterized by spontaneous panic
      attacks.

PMID- 4025592
TI  - Hair analysis for detection of phencyclidine in newly admitted psychiatric
      patients.
AB  - The authors implemented a new procedure for analyzing phencyclidine (PCP) content
      in hair. They compare the results of analyses of hair with results of analyses of
      blood and urine in 47 patients newly hospitalized with acute psychiatric illness.
      Hair analysis identified 11 patients who had used PCP, and blood and urine
      analyses did not identify any among the sample population. In three patients, the
      results of hair analysis aided in establishing a diagnosis of PCP intoxication.
      The authors discuss interpretations of their findings and psychiatric
      applications of this new technique.

PMID- 4025593
TI  - Dissociation and psychotic symptoms.
AB  - The literature on hysterical or brief reactive psychosis reflects great diversity
      both in clinical description and theoretical formulation. The authors describe
      the case of a 17-year-old girl who presented with a diagnosis of bipolar
      affective disorder, rapid cycling type, but who, in fact, was experiencing
      dissociative episodes manifested as psychotic states. The patient's successful
      treatment with hypnosis is described, along with the clinical and theoretical
      implications of the case.

PMID- 4025594
TI  - One-year follow-up study of posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of
      Cambodian concentration camps.
AB  - One year after receiving a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, five of 12
      Cambodian concentration camp survivors who entered a treatment program no longer
      met the diagnostic criteria for the disorder, and symptoms in three others had
      improved. The intrusive symptoms of nightmares, sleep disorders, and startle
      reactions showed the most consistent improvement. Avoidance behavior, shame, and
      caring for others improved the least. The authors advocate use of tricyclic
      antidepressant medication and a consistent, supportive long-term
      psychotherapeutic commitment in treating this severely traumatized group.

PMID- 4025595
TI  - Assaultive behavior among psychiatric outpatients.
AB  - Of 2,916 patients evaluated by psychiatric residents in the outpatient clinics of
      two large private psychiatric hospitals, 3% had manifested recent assaultive
      behavior toward other persons. In over half the cases the target of assault was a
      family member other than a child. Patients more likely to be assaultive were
      young and male and had a diagnosis of childhood or adolescent disorder or
      personality disorder. The authors compare these results with those from studies
      of assault among inpatients and recommend that physicians in outpatient as well
      as inpatient settings be familiar with the management of assaultive patients.

PMID- 4025596
TI  - Noninstitutional treatment for sex offenders in Florida.
AB  - The authors describe the availability and characteristics of noninstitutional
      treatment for sex offenders found in a survey of 63 community mental health
      providers in Florida. The results cover offense categories, referral sources,
      numbers in treatment, annual case load, and program characteristics. More sex
      offenders were being treated in the community than in state-operated residential
      programs, and 21% of the patients currently receiving community treatment were
      self-referred. The authors recommend that researchers and policy makers direct
      more attention to community treatment of sex offenders, its efficacy, and
      training for those delivering the treatment.

PMID- 4025597
TI  - A typology of near-death experiences.
AB  - Cluster analysis of 89 near-death experiences yielded three discrete types of
      such experiences: transcendental, affective, and cognitive. Demographic variables
      did not differentiate individuals having these different types of experiences,
      but cognitive near-death experiences were less frequent following anticipated
      near-death events.

PMID- 4025598
TI  - Midsagittal sections of the cerebellar vermis and fourth ventricle obtained with
      magnetic resonance imaging of schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Measurements of the cerebellar vermis and height of the fourth ventricle made
      from midsagittal brain images obtained with magnetic resonance imaging did not
      show any differences between patients with schizophrenia and matched normal
      control subjects.

PMID- 4025600
TI  - ECT and multichannel EEG recording.

PMID- 4025599
TI  - Plasma amine oxidase and clinical features of schizophrenia.
AB  - Among 76 chronic schizophrenic patients, plasma amine oxidase activity was
      unrelated to paranoid/nonparanoid subtype, narrow/broad diagnostic criteria,
      prognosis, or age at onset. These clinical indices do not identify biological
      subtypes of schizophrenia with deviant plasma amine oxidase activity.

PMID- 4025601
TI  - The DST in depressed alcoholic patients.

PMID- 4025602
TI  - Adolescent suicides modeled after television movie.

PMID- 4025604
TI  - Early memories and dream formation.

PMID- 4025603
TI  - Lymphocyte sensitivity to glucocorticoids.

PMID- 4025605
TI  - The DST and organic affective disorder.

PMID- 4025606
TI  - On fraud among psychiatrists.

PMID- 4025607
TI  - Blinking frequency and dopamine availability.

PMID- 4025608
TI  - Genetics of schizophrenia and the positive-negative dimension.

PMID- 4025609
TI  - Platelet MAO in functional psychoses with evidence of brain atrophy.

PMID- 4025610
TI  - Homelessness not a mental health problem.

PMID- 4025611
TI  - Violence and epilepsy in South Africa.

PMID- 4025612
TI  - Is psychosis endemic in western Ireland?

PMID- 4025613
TI  - Metamorphopsias caused by pontine and peduncular lesions.

PMID- 4025614
TI  - The DST in newly hospitalized patients.

PMID- 4025615
TI  - Presidential address: Our patients' future in a changing world: the imperative
      for psychiatric involvement in public policy.

PMID- 4025616
TI  - Response to presidential address: unity amidst diversity: future challenges.

PMID- 4025617
TI  - A profile of clients referred for psychiatric evaluation for Social Security
      Disability Income and Supplemental Security Income: implications for psychiatry.
AB  - A study of the psychiatric evaluations of 248 consecutive clients whose cases
      were in the process of adjudication for approval or renewal of Supplemental
      Security Income and/or Social Security Disability Income in 1982 and 1983 showed
      an overrepresentation of individuals with chronic moderate to severe psychiatric
      impairment. The author suggests that the criteria and guidelines for eligibility
      for these two programs are too stringent for individuals with psychiatric
      impairment and that some of these individuals are unable to provide information
      necessary to build a proper case for disability because of their psychopathology.
      The implications for psychiatrists, other mental health professionals, and social
      policy planners are discussed.

PMID- 4025618
TI  - Ethics in the practice of psychiatry: update on the results of enforcement of the
      code.
AB  - From 1950 to 1973, 82 charges of unethical conduct were made against APA members;
      of the 12 (15%) members who were found unethical, six were expelled. From 1972 to
      1983, 382 members were charged; 86 (23%) were found unethical and 27 of them were
      expelled. The charges most often involved patient exploitation and illegal
      conduct. The proportion of the membership charged in each APA area varied by as
      much as 3:1; some district branches had many charges (69 was the most), and many
      had none. With all the limitations, the system of enforcement is valuable, but
      there is much room for improvement.

PMID- 4025620
TI  - Toward unity: the joint statement of the American Medical Association and the
      American Psychiatric Association regarding the insanity defense.

PMID- 4025619
TI  - Should physician training centers offer formal psychiatric assistance to house
      officers? A report on the major findings of a prototype program.
AB  - The literature suggests that the emotional needs of interns, residents, and
      fellows have received inadequate attention. Comprehensive psychiatric services
      are provided by a model program at UCLA. During the 1981-1983 academic years, 89
      house officers were seen. Between 16% and 19% of certain groups sought help each
      year; depression was the most frequent diagnosis (63%, N = 56), followed by
      anxiety disorders (24%, N = 21). Over two-thirds of the evaluated residents
      entered free or low-fee treatment, and these therapies were generally considered
      quite beneficial. This report reemphasizes the desirability of providing
      carefully structured, confidential psychiatric assistance to house staff and
      documents medical trainees' acceptance and use of such programs.

PMID- 4025621
TI  - Rationale for reporting standard deviations rather than standard errors of the
      mean.

PMID- 4025623
TI  - Correlation between serum and salivary cortisol levels in depressed and
      nondepressed children and adolescents.
AB  - Serum and saliva cortisol levels were determined in 34 depressed and nondepressed
      children and adolescents. The serum and salivary measures were highly correlated.
      The measurement of salivary cortisol may be a useful noninvasive technique in the
      study of cortisol secretion patterns in young subjects.

PMID- 4025622
TI  - Psychological autopsy of completed suicide in children and adolescents.
AB  - A psychological autopsy of 20 children and adolescents aged 12-19 years who had
      committed suicide and a matched-pair control group revealed that 85% of the
      victims and 18% of the control subjects had expressed suicidal ideation. A
      statistically significant number of the victims had a history of suicide threats
      (55%), suicide attempts (40%), drug or alcohol abuse (70%), antisocial behavior
      (70%), or inhibited personality (65%). Suicidal behavior of parents, relatives,
      or friends and a parental history of emotional problems and absence or
      abusiveness were also significant factors for the victims.

PMID- 4025624
TI  - Mania in two sisters with similar cerebellar disturbance.
AB  - The authors describe two sisters who presented with a clinical picture consistent
      with mania. On further investigation, both had marked vermian and cerebellar
      cortical atrophy on CAT scans. Their mother also had a history suggestive of
      cerebellar disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of
      familial cerebellar disease with a clinical presentation of mania.

PMID- 4025625
TI  - Posttraumatic stress disorder: a thirty-year delay in a World War II veteran.
AB  - Some clinicians doubt the validity of a diagnosis of delayed posttraumatic stress
      disorder for Vietnam veterans. Precombat psychopathology, drug abuse, factitious
      symptoms, and malingering in pursuit of disability compensation are cited as
      alternative explanations for the syndrome. The authors discuss the case of a much
      decorated World War II veteran whose symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder
      first occurred more than 30 years after combat. They consider the alternative
      explanations for his symptoms to be inadequate.

PMID- 4025626
TI  - Miranda comes to the hospital: the right to remain silent in civil commitment.
AB  - One procedural protection that has not generally made the transition from the
      criminal justice system to involuntary civil commitment is the Fifth Amendment
      protection against self-incrimination. The authors present the results of a study
      of the implementation of the right to remain silent, which demonstrate that
      warning patients that anything they say may be used against them in the
      commitment hearing has little impact on their willingness to talk to staff or to
      cooperate with treatment. The authors discuss the possible reasons for their
      findings.

PMID- 4025628
TI  - A study of 10 men charged with patricide.
AB  - The authors reviewed the records of 10 men charged with patricide, including one
      charged with double parricide, all of whom had been examined at the Forensic
      Psychiatry Service of Bellevue Hospital from 1970 to 1983. Prior psychoses were
      documented in all subjects; nine were referred to as delusional. Four perceived
      their fathers as having posed threats of physical or psychological annihilation
      to them, and five saw paternal threats to their manhood. The 10th man allegedly
      killed his father during a drunken brawl.

PMID- 4025627
TI  - Family expressed emotion and relapse in schizophrenia in 24 urban American
      patients.
AB  - The authors examined the correlation between family expressed emotion and relapse
      in 24 schizophrenic patients in a predominantly inner-city American setting. They
      found a significant correlation between relapse and high expressed emotion in
      family members; the level of family expressed emotion was somewhat higher than
      that reported in previous studies. The findings suggest that the impact of
      expressed emotion may vary in different sociocultural populations.

PMID- 4025629
TI  - Patterns of psychiatric consultation in a Chinese general hospital.
AB  - The authors conducted a study of psychiatric consultation in a Chinese general
      hospital. Seventy-five inpatients (0.74% of the patients in the hospital) were
      referred by different services over a 1-year period. Internal medicine referred
      the most patients, and organic brain syndromes were the most common diagnoses.
      Depression was not a frequent diagnosis, but neurasthenia was a fairly common
      one. None of the referred patients had a diagnosis of alcoholism, drug abuse, or
      personality disorder. The authors compare these data with those of Western
      studies and discuss the possible factors influencing psychiatric consultation in
      China.

PMID- 4025630
TI  - Serial ECG measurements at controlled plasma levels of nortriptyline in depressed
      children.
AB  - The authors investigated ECG measurements in 21 children with major depressive
      disorder treated with nortriptyline at plasma levels of 50-100 ng/ml. P-R and QRS
      intervals and heart rate measured at baseline and once a week during treatment
      remained within guidelines.

PMID- 4025631
TI  - The limited usefulness of nasopharyngeal EEG recording in psychiatric patients.
AB  - The authors retrospectively studied 150 psychiatric inpatients, 96 of whom had
      had nasopharyngeal EEGs and 54 of whom had had regular EEGs. The nasopharyngeal
      recordings did not reveal significantly more epileptiform abnormalities than did
      the regular EEG in patients with suspected seizures.

PMID- 4025632
TI  - Depression after treatment with thiazide diuretics for hypertension.
AB  - The authors reports eight cases of depression induced by thiazide diuretics
      prescribed for hypertension and discusses possible mechanisms behind this action.
      The side effects of thiazide diuretics may be overlooked when they are used with
      other hypertensives known to cause depression.

PMID- 4025633
TI  - Subjective memory complaints in geriatric depression.
AB  - Improvement in depressive symptoms was significantly related to a decrease in
      subjective memory complaints in 29 elderly depressed outpatients. Patients with
      substantial improvement in their depression showed similar reductions in memory
      complaints regardless of whether they received tricyclic antidepressants or group
      psychotherapy.

PMID- 4025635
TI  - Dysmorphophobia and monosymptomatic hypochondriasis.

PMID- 4025634
TI  - Metoprolol for intermittent explosive disorder.
AB  - Metoprolol, a selective beta 1-adrenoreceptor blocker, was administered to two
      patients with intermittent explosive disorder who had not done well with previous
      medications, including propranolol and carbamazepine. Both patients improved
      dramatically, suggesting clinical and theoretical relevance.

PMID- 4025636
TI  - Psychiatric epidemiology and clinical psychiatry.

PMID- 4025637
TI  - Plasma dexamethasone and elevated DST cortisol level.

PMID- 4025638
TI  - "Atypical posttraumatic stress disorder" is misleading.

PMID- 4025639
TI  - Light-induced hypomania.

PMID- 4025640
TI  - Right to refuse treatment and delayed medical care for psychiatric patients.

PMID- 4025641
TI  - Use of guanabenz in methadone withdrawal.

PMID- 4025642
TI  - A "gratuitous" conclusion on ECT.

PMID- 4025643
TI  - Diazepam in the treatment of hallucinations.

PMID- 4025644
TI  - The unreal real and the really unreal.

PMID- 4025645
TI  - Smoke detector legislation: its effect on owner-occupied homes.
AB  - Montgomery County, Maryland was the first major jurisdiction to pass a law
      requiring smoke detectors in all homes. Smoke detector coverage in the county was
      evaluated five years after the law's implementation and compared to the coverage
      in neighboring Fairfax County, Virginia, which has no such law. Firefighters
      visited 651 randomly selected owner-occupied homes and tested each detector.
      While a similar percentage of homes in Montgomery and Fairfax counties complied
      with detector codes (42 per cent vs 44 per cent, respectively), Montgomery County
      had a significantly lower percentage of homes with no working detectors (17 per
      cent vs 30 per cent) and with no detectors at all (6 per cent vs 16 per cent). In
      general, Montgomery County residents complied with what they believed the law
      required, but lacked knowledge of the law's details. New homes where building
      codes required detectors and homes where owners assumed that detectors were
      required by law were likely to have working detectors. Analyses of 12 years of
      fire data suggest that as a county approaches complete detector coverage, the
      risk of residential fire deaths decreases. An essentially unenforced law seems to
      be obeyed because it conforms to community values.

PMID- 4025646
TI  - Estimates of C. immitis infection by skin test reactivity in an endemic
      community.
AB  - This report is a comparison of two delayed hypersensitivity skin test reagents,
      coccidioidin and Spherulin, available for detection of prior infection by
      Coccidioides immitis. Coccidioidin proved to be a somewhat more sensitive reagent
      (33.4 per cent positive, vs 29.6 per cent for Spherulin). This difference
      persisted in the subjects when grouped by age, sex, exposure history, or history
      of coccidioidomycosis. Skin test reactivity to both reagents declined with age.
      Independent of exposure history coccidioidin detected 7.3 per cent of the
      subjects who were not detected by Spherulin; Spherulin detected prior infection
      in only 3.5 per cent of the subjects not detected by coccidioidin. These results
      differ from those of previously reported studies.

PMID- 4025647
TI  - Motor vehicle related injury on the bridges between Montreal and the South Shore
      of the St. Lawrence River, 1978-1982.
AB  - The injury experience related to motor vehicle crashes on four bridges and one
      tunnel in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from 1978 to 1982, are described. Particular
      attention is given to the Jacques Cartier Bridge, publicly perceived as being
      excessively dangerous. Data from the Quebec Automobile Insurance Board and police
      reports confirm an excess of deaths (19/34; rate ratio = 4.5) and severe injuries
      (69/109; rate ratio = 6.2) on the Jacques Cartier Bridge, and the association of
      74 per cent of the fatalities and 64 per cent of the severe-injury cases on this
      bridge with a single curve. Crashes follow a consistent pattern; vehicles fail to
      negotiate the curve and strike vehicles moving in the opposite direction. The
      demonstrated association between crashes and design factors provides a basis for
      identifying effective remedial and preventive measures.

PMID- 4025648
TI  - Circumcision in the United States.
AB  - The circumcision status of boys aged 12 through 17 years (born from 1949 to 1958)
      from a sample cohort of the National Health Examination Survey (NHES) cycle III,
      conducted from 1966-70, was analyzed. Over three-fourths of the cohort had been
      circumcised, reflecting circumcision practices in the 1950s. Prevalence of
      circumcision was more common in Whites, in families with higher income, and
      higher educated heads of household. Circumcision prevalence was the lowest in the
      South and highest in the Midwest. More recent national data are not available.

PMID- 4025649
TI  - Causes of death among female chemists.
AB  - A mortality odds ratio analysis of cause of death among 347 White female members
      of the American Chemical Society (ACS) revealed a five-fold excess of suicide,
      notably by cyanide poisoning. Risk was also elevated for all cancers combined and
      for cancers of the breast, ovary, stomach, pancreas, and lymphatic and
      hematopoietic system. The excess breast and ovary cancer deaths were limited to
      unmarried women.

PMID- 4025650
TI  - Fluorides, facts and fanatics: public health advocacy shouldn't stop at the
      courthouse door.

PMID- 4025651
TI  - Auto seat belts: good prenatal, postpartum, and infant care.

PMID- 4025652
TI  - On rationing organ transplantation.

PMID- 4025653
TI  - Public health and the environment.

PMID- 4025654
TI  - Microbiologic indicators of health risks associated with swimming.

PMID- 4025655
TI  - When the frame is part of the picture.

PMID- 4025656
TI  - A prospective study of swimming-related illness. I. Swimming-associated health
      risk.
AB  - During the summer of 1980, both swimmers and nonswimmers were enlisted in a
      prospective epidemiological study to determine the relationship between swimming,
      water quality, and the incidence of illness. Results of 4,537 telephone follow-up
      interviews showed that crude morbidity rates were 69.6 per 1,000 swimmers versus
      29.5 per 1,000 nonswimmers. Swimmers experienced respiratory ailments most
      frequently, followed by gastrointestinal, eye, ear, skin, and allergenic
      symptoms, respectively.

PMID- 4025657
TI  - A prospective study of swimming-related illness. II. Morbidity and the
      microbiological quality of water.
AB  - A prospective cohort epidemiological-microbiological study was carried out at 10
      beaches in Ontario, Canada. Lake water and sediment samples collected at the
      beaches were analyzed for fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, heterotrophic
      bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and total staphylococci. Mean fecal coliform
      levels in the surface water of the lakes were within accepted guidelines.
      Bacterial densities were found to be approximately 10 times higher in the
      sediment than in the corresponding surface water samples. Morbidity among
      swimmers was shown to be related to staphylococcal counts, to fecal coliform
      levels, and, somewhat less strongly, to fecal streptococcal counts. Total
      staphylococci appeared to be more consistent indicators for predicting total
      morbidity rates among swimmers.

PMID- 4025658
TI  - Do the new Metropolitan Life Insurance weight-height tables correctly assess body
      frame and body fat relationships?
AB  - The 1983 Metropolitan weight-height tables include elbow breadth as a measure of
      frame size. Such tables assume that frame measures provide an estimate of fat
      free mass and have little or no associations with body fat. These assumptions
      were evaluated in 437 Canadian adults for six frame measures by their
      associations with total body measures of fat and fat free mass. All six frame
      measures were similarly correlated with fat free mass, even when associations
      with height were taken into account. Wrist and ankle breadths were not associated
      with total body fat, while shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee breadths were so
      associated. Thus wrist and ankle breadths satisfy the assumptions inherent in the
      frame-weight-height tables better than elbow breadth and the other frame measures
      investigated.

PMID- 4025659
TI  - An exploration of somatization among Asian refugees and immigrants in primary
      care.
AB  - The clinical records of Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, Laotian, and Mien patients
      in primary care were reviewed to determine the prevalence of somatization, its
      associated patient characteristics, and the manifested illness behavior. Patients
      in this study were generally poor, unemployed, and spoke little English.
      Somatization accounted for 35 per cent of illness visits. These visits were also
      more costly. Refugees had a higher rate of somatization (42.7 per cent) than
      immigrants (27.1 per cent). Although sociodemographic characteristics did not
      strongly differentiate patients with somatization from others, ethnicity and
      indicators of decreased resources such as large households with low income,
      households headed by single women, or a limited English proficiency were
      associated with somatization in certain ethnic groups. Somatization is thus an
      important health problem among Asian refugees and immigrants.

PMID- 4025660
TI  - Health care attitudes and experiences during gynecologic care among lesbians and
      bisexuals.
AB  - Bisexuals (N = 424) and lesbians (N = 1,921) were surveyed regarding their
      sources of gynecologic care, utilization patterns, openness with physicians, and
      assessment of quality of care. About 40 per cent of each group believed that
      physician knowledge about their sexual preference would hinder the quality of
      medical care and about as many believed that it would have no effect. About one
      third in each group had not disclosed their sexual behavior although they desired
      to do so. Physicians rarely requested this information. A lesbian physician was
      overwhelmingly preferred for gynecologic care (96 per cent), particularly for
      problems with sexual functioning. Previous satisfaction with gynecologic care was
      most often described as "adequate," but almost as often as "variable" and "poor."
      Data suggest that quality, utilization, and medical outcomes of gynecologic care
      to this group would be improved if physicians would communicate greater awareness
      of sexual orientation in a nonprejudicial manner and ensure confidentiality.

PMID- 4025661
TI  - Premarital rubella vaccination program.
AB  - A two-year Vermont program identified 494 (7 per cent) of 6,982 premarital female
      serologies that were seronegative (less than 1:8) to rubella by hemagglutination
      inhibition (HI) titer. All 494 susceptible patients and their physicians were
      notified of their results by letter. The State Health Department received reports
      that a total of 194 (39 per cent) of the susceptible patients had received
      rubella vaccinations as a result of their notifications. Intensive follow-up of
      susceptibles appears to be important factor in the success of premarital rubella
      screening programs.

PMID- 4025662
TI  - Leptospiral exposure in Detroit rodent control workers.
AB  - Antibody levels to L. icterohemorrhagiae of rodent control workers and two
      control groups were compared with antibodies against five other leptospiral
      serotypes carried predominantly by species other than rats. Rodent control
      workers contact urban rats, 77 per cent of which are carriers of leptospiral
      organisms. Rodent control workers had higher antibody levels against L.
      icterohemorrhagiae than control groups (OR 4.37, 99 per cent CI = 3.0, 6.3 and OR
      11.08, 99 per cent CI = 5.6, 22). Antibodies against the other five serotypes
      were almost non-existent in the study group.

PMID- 4025663
TI  - The prevalence of Toxocara species ova in backyards and gardens of Baltimore,
      Maryland.
AB  - Toxocara species ova were found in 16 of 146 (11 per cent) soil samples collected
      from backyards and gardens of private residences within Baltimore City. The
      recovery rate of parasite ova was similar for households regardless of their
      grouping by pet ownership characteristics or the presence of visible animal
      feces. The findings demonstrate the common occurrence of these eggs in locations
      likely to be important in the transmission of visceral larva migrans.

PMID- 4025664
TI  - A seroprevalence survey of hepatitis B markers among Haitians in a southwest
      Florida farming community.
AB  - We determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus markers among 123 Haitian
      mothers and children in a southwest Florida farming community. Fifty-five per
      cent of mothers had one or more markers including two who were HBsAg positive.
      Only seven (10 per cent) children had markers; none were HBsAg positive. Pregnant
      Haitian women should be screened for HBsAg and infants born to those who are
      positive should receive immunoprophylaxis. Medical, dental, and laboratory
      workers caring for Haitian patients should also receive hepatitis B vaccine.

PMID- 4025665
TI  - Killing with kindness: why the FDA need not certify drugs used for execution safe
      and effective.

PMID- 4025666
TI  - In utero immunization of the fetus to tetanus by maternal vaccination during
      pregnancy.
AB  - We tested 36 pairs of umbilical cord blood and maternal sera collected at the
      time of delivery by radioimmunoassay and by Western blot analysis for IgG or IgM
      antitetanus antibodies (anti-TT). Twenty-one participants had received a recall
      injection of tetanus toxoid at various periods during pregnancy. Maternal
      vaccination in the last trimester of pregnancy was associated with the presence
      of IgM anti-TT in the cord blood sera; these were not detected in neonatal sera
      from mothers who were not vaccinated during pregnancy or who received the booster
      injection during the first two trimesters of gestation. The results could not be
      ascribed to artifacts such as the contamination of neonatal sera by maternal
      blood, the contamination of the anti-IgM antisera by antiidiotypes, or by the
      presence of neonatal IgM rheumatoid factor binding to immune complexes made of
      maternal IgG anti-TT and radiolabelled TT. Hence, it is concluded that maternal
      vaccination during the last trimester of pregnancy may induce in utero active
      immunization of the fetus.

PMID- 4025667
TI  - Immunoregulatory activities of human trophoblasts mediated by polyamine
      complexes.
AB  - In a previous publication we described the presence in human placenta (HP) of
      immunosuppressive factors inhibiting the lymphoproliferative responses to
      mitogen. The results of further study reported herein indicate that the substance
      involved is of a syncytiotrophoblastic origin, that it is thermostable to 100
      degrees C for 1 hr, and of low molecular weight, i.e. 3,500. It was defined as a
      polyamine conjugate with nucleic acids. Trophoblast cell extracts lost their
      immunosuppressive ability after heating in cultures of human lymphocytes
      supplemented with 5% autologous serum. These effects were, however, preserved
      both in cultures assayed in 5% fetal calf serum and in those to which purified
      polyamine oxidase (PAO) was added to autologous serum. Trophoblast cell extract
      was found to contain polyamine oxidases. Placental PAO can be inhibited by
      quinacrine a typical inhibitor of flavoprotein enzymes but not by isoniazid, an
      inhibitor of pyridoxal enzymes; this would suggest that the enzymes in human
      placenta are of a tissular rather than seric origin. The implication of these
      observations is that immunosuppression is mediated by oxidative products issued
      from an interaction between polyamine and polyamine oxidase in the
      syncytiotrophoblast cytosol. This interaction may constitute the basis for a
      local immunological barrier and may be involved in the protection of the fetus
      against maternal immune rejection.

PMID- 4025668
TI  - Effect of sperm antibodies in males on human in vitro fertilization (IVF).
AB  - The effect of sperm antibodies on the human fertilization process was evaluated
      by analyzing the Royal Women's Hospital in vitro fertilization (IVF) data. The
      results suggest that sperm autoantibodies, particularly those of IgA
      immunoglobulin class (determined by immunobead test (IBT] can interfere with IVF.
      Thus, in a group (n = 8) of couples where the male partner had 80% or more of his
      motile spermatozoa coated with IgG and IgA class sperm antibodies, an overall
      fertilization rate of only 27% (18/66 ova) was obtained. In contrast, in a group
      (n = 9) with positive IBT results, but with less than 80% of motile spermatozoa
      coated with IgA class antibodies, a normal fertilization rate of 72% (47/65 ova)
      was obtained. Three of these patients had 90% or more of their motile spermatozoa
      coated with IgG and less than 70% coated with IgA class antibodies. In this
      subgroup a good fertilization rate of 16/21 (76%) was obtained. Another
      observation derived from this investigation is that the oocytes that do fertilize
      in the presence of sperm antibodies can subsequently proceed with normal
      cleavage, implantation, and pregnancy. This provides a rationale for attempting
      to treat these patients by reducing the proportion of antibody-coated sperm in
      vitro for future IVF cycles.

PMID- 4025669
TI  - Clindamycin levels in reproductive tissues.
AB  - Clindamycin is widely used in a variety of obstetric and gynecologic infections.
      Despite in vitro and clinical evidence of activity against anaerobes, genital
      organ tissue levels resulting from intravenous administration of the drug have
      not previously been reported. Following a single intravenous infusion of 600 mg
      of clindamycin phosphate, tissue levels were determined in operative specimens
      obtained from ten women. Specimens of cervix, uterus, fallopian tube, and ovary
      were obtained, and mean Clindamycin levels for each site were: cervix, 2.63
      micrograms/ml; endometrium, 5.58 micrograms/ml; myometrium, 2.39 micrograms/ml;
      fallopian tube, 2.96 micrograms/ml; and ovary, 3.74 micrograms/ml. The mean serum
      level was 6.26 micrograms/ml at the time of uterine artery interruption. The
      clindamycin concentrations at all sites exceeded the usual therapeutic minimal
      inhibitory concentration, substantiating the usefulness of clindamycin in
      obstetric and gynecologic anaerobic infections.

PMID- 4025670
TI  - Effect of transfer factor on tumor-associated immunity and tumor growth of the
      Dunning R-3327G rat prostate adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Of importance in the design and application of improved or new modalities of
      treatment are their evaluation on relevant animal models. In the case of prostate
      cancer (PCa) the Dunning R-3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa), and its
      variant sublines, is one such experimental tumor model of its human counterpart.
      In a preliminary study, the effect of transfer factor (TF), one form of passive
      immunotherapy, on tumor-associated immunity (TAI) and tumour growth and histology
      of the G subline (a poorly differentiated, fast-growing, androgen sensitive, and
      poorly metastatic tumour of the Dunning R-3327 rat PCa) has been evaluated. TF
      prepared from the leukocytes of tumor-bearing animals and nontumor-bearing
      animals referred to as sensitized (STF) and unsensitized (UTF), respectively, had
      no significant effect on TAI or tumor size. The only noticeable effect of TF in
      this study was the presence of variable and moderate lymphocytic infiltrates,
      necrosis, and degenerative-type cells in tumors of animal recipients of STF. The
      failure to observe significant differences in TAI among tumor bearing and
      nontumor bearing animals raises doubt in part, of the immunogenicity of the G
      subline tumor and its appropriateness, at least for subsequent immunological
      studies. Further factors considered in this regard, are questions of tumor load,
      including the possible need for the use of adjuvant, and the parameters and
      sensitivity of immune responsiveness selected for evaluation and
      immunocompetency. Subsequent evaluation of the effect of TF on other more
      immunogenic variant sublines of the Dunning R-3327 rat tumor may yet provide
      further and more useful information.

PMID- 4025671
TI  - Intrauterine growth retardation of unknown etiology. I. Serum complement and
      circulating immune complexes in mothers and infants.
AB  - Complement (C) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) levels were measured in 22
      full-term pregnant women and 15 of their small-for-gestational-age (SGA)
      offspring in order to seek evidence supporting an immunological etiology for
      placental lesions related to idiopathic intrauterine growth retardation. We used
      19 normal full-term pregnant women and 18 of their infants with birthweight above
      the 25th centile of the ponderal curve as a control population for this study. C
      levels were significantly lower in mothers of SGA infants than in controls (146.6
      +/- 46.6 and 183.6 +/- 36.6 respectively, p less than 0.01). CIC were present in
      the sera of 5 out of 22 mothers of the SGA group and in 3 out of the 15 infants
      sera. No CIC were found in the sera of mothers or infants from the control group.
      Placental lesions were observed in 14 out of the 22 (64%) cases studied in the
      SGA group and in 1 of 11 (9%) of the controls. Two placentas from SGA infants
      showed acute atherosclerosis, and deposits of IgM and C3 were found in their
      vessel walls. These data are in favor of an immunological mechanism for
      intrauterine growth retardation of unknown etiology.

PMID- 4025672
TI  - Anterolateral dislocation of the head of the fibula in sports.
AB  - Traumatic anterolateral dislocation of the fibular head is an uncommon sports
      injury which is easily overlooked. Seventeen cases have been collected during
      private practice over the years. The typical mechanism of injury is a fall on the
      affected flexed knee with the leg adducted under the body and the ankle inverted.
      On physical examination there is an obvious bony prominence laterally of the
      fibular head and varying disability with activities; there is no significant
      effusion or signs of internal knee derangement or instability. Comparison
      identical radiographic views are necessary to confirm the diagnosis: on the
      anteroposterior view the fibular head is displaced laterally and the proximal
      interosseous space is widened; on the lateral view there is a greater overlap of
      the fibula on the tibia on the affected side. Peroneal nerve and ankle injuries
      can occur concomitantly with anterolateral proximal tibiofibular dislocation.
      Treatment options are closed or open reduction acutely and local strapping or
      fibular head resection for chronic cases based upon time of presentation and
      disability.

PMID- 4025673
TI  - Biomechanics of baseball pitching. A preliminary report.
AB  - Fifteen professional major league pitchers were filmed with high speed
      cinematography. One hundred forty-seven pitches were analyzed using an
      electromagnetic digitizer and a microcomputer. Three phases of throwing were
      studied: cocking, acceleration, and follow-through. The cocking phase is the
      period of time between the initiation of the windup and the moment at which the
      shoulder is in maximum external rotation. This phase occurs in approximately 1500
      ms, and the shoulder is brought into an extreme position of external rotation.
      The acceleration phase and the initial stages of the follow-through phase produce
      extraordinary demands on the shoulder and elbow. The acceleration phase begins
      with the throwing shoulder in the position of maximum external rotation and
      terminates with ball release. This phase occurs in approximately 50 ms, and peak
      angular velocities averaging 6,180 deg/sec for shoulder internal rotation and
      4,595 deg/sec for elbow extension were measured. The follow-through phase begins
      at ball release and continues until the motion of throwing has ceased. This phase
      occurs in approximately 350 ms.

PMID- 4025674
TI  - Rehabilitation of the pitching shoulder.
AB  - Shoulder pain is a common complaint among baseball pitchers. Frequently, the
      nature of shoulder pathology can be traced to lack of flexibility and muscular
      imbalance. This paper describes: the normal biomechanics of a properly
      functioning shoulder during a baseball pitch, pathomechanics of shoulder
      problems, flexibility requirements of the throwing shoulder, and the muscular
      balance necessary for an effective throwing shoulder. Appropriate examination
      procedures are described along with remedial exercises which ensure normal
      glenohumeral motion and integrated muscle action.

PMID- 4025675
TI  - Osgood-Schlatter's disease in adolescent athletes. Retrospective study of
      incidence and duration.
AB  - During the period of 1976 to 1981, a total of 412 young athletes contacted the
      Turku Sports Medical Research Unit's (TSMRU) Outpatient Sports Clinic with 586
      complaints. These records included 68 athletes with Osgood-Schlatter's disease
      (OSD), who were initially prescribed an average of 2 months' rest from any
      physical activity causing pain. Symptoms of tibial tuberosity pain occurred first
      at the average age of 13.1 years. According to the retrospective questionnaire,
      the pain caused complete cessation of training for an average of 3.2 months, and
      the disease interfered with fully effective training for an average of 7.3
      months. According to a retrospective questionnaire given to 389 students (191
      girls and 198 boys), 50 (12.9%) had suffered from OSD. Nearly one-half of the
      students, 193 (49.6%), had been active in sports at the age of 13, and 41 (21.2%)
      of them had suffered from OSD. In those students who were not active in sports,
      the incidence was only nine (4.5%; P less than 0.001). The incidence (32%) was
      higher in the siblings of the OSD patients of TSMRU who were active in sports
      than in the corresponding student group (21.2%). In a group of 22 patients from
      the TSMRU who had suffered from Sever's disease (calcaneal apophysitis), the
      incidence of OSD (68%) was significantly higher than in students who were active
      in sports (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 4025676
TI  - Shock absorption characteristics of running shoes.
AB  - The change in shock absorption properties of running shoes was evaluated as a
      function of miles run. Different models of running shoes encompassing a wide
      range in retail price were obtained and mechanically tested to simulate the
      repeated heel strikes of running. The energy absorbed by the shoes was determined
      from the area under the load deformation curve at the equivalent of 0, 5, 10, 25,
      50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 500 miles of running. Shoes were also
      tested at similar intervals after having been worn by volunteers during normal
      training. An approximate 33% difference in the initial shock absorption was
      observed in the different shoe models. In general, the shoes retained
      approximately 75% of their initial shock absorption capability after 50 miles of
      simulated running, and approximately 67% after 100 to 150 miles. Between 250 and
      500 miles the shoes retained less than 60% of their initial shock absorption
      capacity. No differences in shock absorption characteristics were apparent based
      upon either shoe price or the manufacturer model. The results of shoes tested by
      the volunteer runners also showed a marked reduction in shock absorption with
      mileage. The loss, however, was not as great as in the machine-simulated running,
      with approximately 70% of initial shock absorption retained at 500 miles.

PMID- 4025677
TI  - Anteroposterior tibiofemoral displacements during isometric extension efforts.
      The roles of external load and knee flexion angle.
AB  - Rehabilitation of knee extensors is a major consideration in patients with
      cruciate injuries and repairs. Extension exercises, however, can produce
      undesirable loads on the injured or replaced anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
      resulting in permanent stretch of this restraint. Our study measures the
      tibiofemoral displacements associated with proximal, middle, and distal locations
      of the external resisting force and knee flexion angles of 30 degrees, 60
      degrees, and 90 degrees. Our results show that tibiofemoral displacements are
      dependent on both location of the external resisting force and knee flexion
      angle, with anterior displacements being associated with distal displacement of
      the resistance pad. The results suggest that patients with ACL injuries or
      repairs conduct extension exercises with a proximal position of the resistance
      pad to minimize loads and prevent stretching of this constraint.

PMID- 4025678
TI  - Improvement of muscle flexibility. A comparison between two techniques.
AB  - Forty-seven male subjects were randomly assigned to 4 different groups. Three
      groups of 10 subjects trained three times a week with a modified contract-relax
      (CR) method for improving muscle flexibility. Seventeen subjects trained during
      the same time with a traditional ballistic stretch (BS) method. After 30 days (14
      training sessions) the latter group switched over to the CR method. The results
      showed that the CR method was significantly better than the BS method for
      improving muscle flexibility in the four different, bilateral muscle groups
      studied. After the initial 30 days the three groups of 10 subjects trained one,
      three, and five times a week, respectively, for another 30 days. The results
      showed that once a week was enough to maintain improved flexibility, while three
      and five times a week increased it further. The former BS group improved muscle
      flexibility between the 30th and 60th day, as expected from the results of the
      initial 30 days with the three CR groups, when training with the CR method three
      times a week.

PMID- 4025679
TI  - "Effort" thrombosis of the subclavian vein in a competitive swimmer.
AB  - "Effort" thrombosis is a unique form of subclavian and axillary vein thrombosis
      because it is the result of an unusual variant of the thoracic outlet syndrome.
      Another cause of subclavian vein thrombosis is local compression from trauma,
      tumor, or development anomalies; a third is intimal damage from indwelling
      central venous catheters. This is a case report of "effort" thrombosis of the
      subclavian vein in a competitive swimmer. A recently developed technique of local
      infusion of low-dose streptokinase therapy is used for clot lysis. Early
      diagnosis is essential for effective thrombus dissolution with streptokinase. The
      rationale, risk, and method of streptokinase administration are discussed. Since
      "effort" thrombosis is secondary to thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), decompression
      of the thoracic outlet by removal of the first rib after clot lysis is
      recommended.

PMID- 4025680
TI  - Correction of abduction. Deformity of the small finger caused by avulsion of the
      insertion of the third volar interosseous muscle.
AB  - Wartenberg described the clinical sign of the abducted extended small finger that
      can result from ulnar nerve palsy. When this sign occurs in ulnar nerve palsy, it
      is a result of imbalance created by paralysis of the third volar interosseous
      muscle allowing the extensor digiti minimi to abduct the small finger as the
      finger is extended. If the third volar interosseous muscle is traumatically
      avulsed at its insertion and the ulnar nerve is intact, the abductor digiti
      minimi manus is an additional deforming force.

PMID- 4025681
TI  - Stress fracture of the ipsilateral first rib in a pitcher.
AB  - This stress fracture of the left first rib in a 17-year-old, left-handed high
      school baseball pitcher represents the first of its type reported in the
      literature. Two similar cases have been reported in pitchers, but the fracture
      was on the nondominant side in both cases. In contrast to most cases of this rare
      lesion, the stress fracture we report occurred acutely and was documented
      roentgenographically from onset to complete healing 9 months later.

PMID- 4025682
TI  - Terminology of sports.

PMID- 4025683
TI  - Inability of Plasmodium knowlesi sporozoites to invade Anopheles freeborni
      salivary glands.
AB  - Oocysts of Plasmodium knowlesi developed normally on the gut of the mosquito
      Anopheles freeborni, rupturing and releasing sporozoites at 10-14 days post
      infection. Subsequently, however, sporozoites were never found in this mosquito's
      salivary glands. Heterologous transplants of whole salivary glands from
      uninfected An. freeborni and An. dirus, a completely susceptible mosquito, into
      the abdomens of insects heavily infected with mature oocysts were done.
      Sporozoites failed to infect An. freeborni glands implanted in An. dirus but did
      enter An. dirus glands implanted in An. freeborni. These experiments suggest that
      P. knowlesi sporozoites are unable to recognize An. freeborni glands.

PMID- 4025684
TI  - Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: Leishmania braziliensis subspecies
      diversity.
AB  - It is generally held that with rare exception Leishmania braziliensis
      braziliensis is the parasite responsible for the metastatic development of
      mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Yet the infrequency of
      mucocutaneous disease compared with cutaneous manifestations, and the difficulty
      of isolating parasites from mucocutaneous lesions have restricted the study of
      the organisms involved. We here report the biologic, isoenzymatic, and monoclonal
      antibody specificity characteristic of eight Leishmania isolates obtained from
      the mucosal lesions of the same number of patients. Individually and
      collectively, the identifying criteria implicate at least two L. braziliensis
      subspecies as etiologic agents of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia and
      suggest that a spectrum of intrinsically distinguishable organisms may be
      involved in this disease form.

PMID- 4025685
TI  - A field method for the procurement of infective larvae of Onchocerca volvulus.
AB  - Natural vectors of onchocerciasis (S. yahense) were collected. Ninety-eight were
      intrathoracically inoculated with 30 freshly obtained skin-dwelling
      microfilariae. Of the 82 flies dissected, 56 were infected and 28 harbored
      infective larvae. A total of 193 infective O. volvulus larvae were obtained. The
      mean infective worm burden was 6.9.

PMID- 4025686
TI  - Comparative toxicity of purified human eosinophil granule cationic proteins for
      schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - The human eosinophil granule contains several distinctive cationic proteins that
      have been purified to homogeneity, including major basic protein (MBP),
      eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). Two
      earlier studies have shown that MBP and ECP both damage schistosomula of
      Schistosoma mansoni in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. The present study
      expands upon these observations by comparing the toxicity of MBP, ECP, as well as
      EDN when tested at equimolar concentrations (0.03-2 X 10(-5) M). On a molar
      basis, ECP was 8 to 10 times more potent than MBP, and the ECP-mediated killing
      of schistosomula was qualitatively different than that of MBP. Purified ECP
      produced complete fragmentation and disruption of schistosomula, whereas MBP
      produced a distinctive ballooning and detachment of the tegumental membrane. In
      contrast, EDN was only marginally toxic at high concentrations and caused
      crinkling of the tegumental membrane. Heating MBP and ECP for four hr at 56
      degrees C caused precipitation and loss of toxicity for MBP, but not for ECP.
      Native MBP (with reactive sulfhydryl groups intact) and stabilized, reduced and
      alkylated MBP had comparable toxicity. To determine the relative contribution of
      MBP, ECP and other potentially helminthotoxic eosinophil granule constituents to
      schistosomulum damage, fractions of acid soluble granule extracts prepared by
      chromatography on Sephadex G-50 columns were analyzed for toxicity to
      schistosomula and for MBP and ECP levels by radioimmunoassay. Schistosomula were
      killed by fractions containing MBP, and to a much lesser and more variable extent
      by fractions containing EDN and a 21,000 dalton protein, but not by fractions
      coincident with the elution of ECP, which contained concentrations of ECP below
      that required to produce significant killing of schistosomula by the purified
      protein. Therefore, although ECP is a more potent helminthotoxin for
      schistosomula than MBP on a molar basis, MBP, by virtue of its abundance in the
      granule, accounts for the bulk of the toxicity in fractions of acid solubilized
      granules obtained from eosinophils of patients with marked eosinophilia.

PMID- 4025687
TI  - Eighteen-month follow-up on the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis with a
      single dose of metrifonate.
AB  - Egg excretion of school children with urinary schistosomiasis treated with a
      single 10 mg/kg dose of metrifonate was monitored over a period of 18 months. At
      18 months 68.8% of infected children showed a greater than 90% reduction in egg
      excretion and 23.7% had ceased excreting eggs. During the study period 25% of
      children with no evidence of infection at the start of the trial had become
      infected, while 45.5% of children apparently cured by the metrifonate treatment
      had recommenced egg excretion. The evidence suggested that reinfection rather
      than recovery of adult worms was responsible. Children with scanty or light
      infections, in general, showed increasing egg excretion rates during the
      following period, while those with heavy or severe infections showed a sustained
      reduction. In view of this, single dose metrifonate may be a useful approach to
      mass treatment in a schistosomiasis control program, resulting in significant
      reduction in egg excretion in those most likely to be important sources of
      transmission.

PMID- 4025688
TI  - Stimulation of Schistosoma mansoni oviposition in vitro by animal and human
      portal serum.
AB  - Coupled adult pairs of Schistosoma mansoni were incubated in medium containing
      either peripheral or portal serum from rat, rabbit, hamster or humans. Daily egg
      production was measured. In all cases egg production was significantly increased
      for pairs in the presence of portal sera compared with that in the presence of
      peripheral sera. Fractionation of rabbit portal serum according to molecular
      weight demonstrated that the most active component(s) were in the range of 2,000
      to 50,000. These fractions were as effective in stimulating oviposition as whole
      portal serum. CONCLUSIONS: 1) portal serum factor(s) that stimulate S. mansoni
      oviposition are present in susceptible and non-susceptible hosts; 2) the
      molecular weight range for the active components is larger than would be expected
      for simple carbohydrates, amino acids or free fatty acids absorbed from the
      gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 4025689
TI  - Effect of plasma mebendazole concentrations in the treatment of human
      echinococcosis.
AB  - High oral doses of mebendazole were given for a mean period of 23 months to 22
      patients with inoperable alveolar or cystic echinococcosis (Echinococcus
      multilocularis n = 18, E. granulosus n = 4). Clinical, morphological, biochemical
      and serological findings and plasma mebendazole levels were monitored. Clinical
      and biochemical improvement or stabilization was observed in 17 patients but the
      parasitic lesions did not decrease in size in most instances. One patient died
      shortly after onset of therapy with hemorrhage of esophageal varices. Three
      patients with alveolar and one with cystic echinococcosis had evidence of
      progressive disease such as increase of cholestasis, destruction of lumbar
      vertebrae and growth of an intraperitoneal cyst. The plasma mebendazole levels (4
      hr after the morning dose) of the latter 4 patients were 0.09 +/- SD 0.02
      mumol/l, while in those with clinical stabilization or improvement it was 0.30 +/
      SD 0.14 mumol/l (P less than 0.001). These preliminary data indicate 1) a good
      clinical response to chemotherapy in most patients despite unchanged size of the
      parasitic lesions, and 2) a direct correlation of clinical response with plasma
      mebendazole levels.

PMID- 4025690
TI  - Pathological and parasitological aspects of the first autochthonous case of human
      paragonimiasis in Venezuela.
AB  - A worm found in histopathologic sections of a lung piece of a young Venezuelan
      male was identified as a Paragonimus sp. Definitive identification of the species
      was not possible since only a deteriorated segment of the worm was recovered,
      nevertheless comparison with other known species is discussed. This is the first
      report of an indigenous case of human paragonimiasis in Venezuela.

PMID- 4025691
TI  - A field study of paragonimiasis in Venezuela.
AB  - In a natural focus of paragonimiasis in the northeastern region of Venezuela, 130
      people were clinically, parasitologically and immunologically evaluated. A
      specific intradermal test was positive in 13%. Besides an index case, three other
      active cases of paragonimiasis were identified. Adult Paragonimus worms and
      metacercariae were recovered from Didelphis marsupialis and Eudaniela garmani,
      respectively. Previous reports of Paragonimus infection in Venezuela are
      discussed.

PMID- 4025692
TI  - Seasnake bites in a freshwater lake.
AB  - One species of venomous seasnake, Hydrophis semperi, is found in Lake Taal, a
      large freshwater lake in the Philippines. The first series of seasnake bites
      occurring in freshwater is described. In one small fishing village, there were
      eight definite bites and one probably attributable death. In three of the eight
      patients, specific antibodies to Hydrophis venom were demonstrated. In contrast
      to previous seasnake studies, there was an absence of asymptomatic cases. The
      possible public health importance of freshwater seasnake bites in the Philippines
      needs further investigation.

PMID- 4025693
TI  - Continuous propagation of Ehrlichia sennetsu in murine macrophage cell cultures.
AB  - Ehrlichia sennetsu, the etiologic agent of human sennetsu rickettsiosis was
      successfully propagated in a continuous cell culture using murine cell lines
      P388D1 and Raw 264. Pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies similar to Ehrlichia
      canis morulae were observed 3-4 days after second post-inoculation split. In the
      Raw 264 cell line E. sennetsu was not seen until the third passage. Relatively
      heavier infection was observed in P388D1 than in Raw cell line. The latter
      reached a maximum of 15% infection whereas P388D1 cell line attained saturation.
      Structural details of the organism were confirmed by electron microscopy. A
      unique rippled cell mass surrounding the plasma membrane was observed.
      Supernatants of cultures were shown to contain infectious organisms. The
      advantages of propagating E. sennetsu in continuous cell lines are discussed with
      respect to future physiochemical and immunochemical studies of this organism.

PMID- 4025695
TI  - Studies on the transmission of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus by Colombian
      simuliidae (Diptera).
AB  - The ability of Simulium mexicanum and Simulium metallicum to serve as biological
      or mechanical vectors of an enzootic and an epizootic strain of Venezuelan equine
      encephalitis (VEE) virus was examined. Guinea pigs were inoculated with the
      epizootic Cordoba strain or the enzootic RPVP407 strain of VEE virus. Wild-caught
      adult Simuliidae were fed on the viremic guinea pigs and the virus content of
      groups of flies was determined at daily intervals post-engorgement to test for
      viral replication. Flies were refed on suckling mice at greater than or equal to
      8 days post-engorgement to test for biological transmission. Other flies were
      interrupted while feeding on viremic guinea pigs and refed on suckling mice to
      test for mechanical transmission. Neither S. mexicanum nor S. metallicum appear
      to be efficient vectors of either strain of VEE virus, although occasional
      mechanical transmission was obtained. Titers of virus in flies decreased rapidly
      after engorgement and from 3-12 days post-engorgement virus was detected only in
      5%-25% of both species of flies. Although earlier field evidence implicated both
      S. mexicanum and S. metallicum as vectors of epizootic VEE, we conclude that it
      is highly unlikely that they play an important role as vectors of the virus in
      nature.

PMID- 4025694
TI  - Ecologic observations of Venezuelan encephalitis virus in vertebrates and
      isolations of Nepuyo and Patois viruses from sentinel hamsters at Pacific and
      Atlantic habitats in Guatemala, 1968-1980.
AB  - La Avellana and Puerto Barrios, two enzootic foci of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE)
      virus on the Pacific and Caribbean lowlands (respectively) of Guatemala have been
      studied over a 13-year period. Data from sentinel hamsters and guinea pigs and
      wild and domestic vertebrates are reported. VE virus strains were isolated from
      hamsters each period they were exposed during the rainy seasons 1968-1980 and at
      the end of the dry season 1974. Rates of isolation of VE virus ranged from 0.2%
      5.7% hamster/days/exposure. All strains tested were free of epizootic virions.
      Although virus was isolated from sentinel guinea pigs, their deaths were not
      attributable to infection with VE virus. Antibody titers in 26 of 28 terrestrial
      mammals bled at La Avellana in 1971 were higher to enzootic than to epizootic VE
      strains. Thirty-seven percent of 109 residents of Puerto Barrios had antibody to
      VE virus. In 13 of 20 tested, antibodies were engendered by the enzootic strain.
      Nepuyo and Patois viruses were isolated from sentinel hamsters at both La
      Avellana and Puerto Barrios.

PMID- 4025696
TI  - Case report of a patient having Schistosoma japonicum cerebritis and resolution
      of CAT brain scan abnormalities without specific antiparasitic therapy.

PMID- 4025697
TI  - Arterialized venous perfusion of composite tissue.
AB  - The results of our experiment prove that arterialized venous perfusion is a
      viable means of nourishing complex composite tissue without using the arterial
      tree. Previous laboratory findings, coupled with the results of this experiment,
      demonstrate that as long as proximal arterial inflow is ensured, both the
      arterial and venous trees need not be intact to keep tissue alive. Rather, it
      seems that the prerequisites for tissue survival are that at least one of the two
      systems be intact and that there be sufficient inflow and outflow channels
      available. Whether these channels are arteries or veins is probably not
      important. The use of properly placed efferent or afferent arteriovenous fistulas
      allows one system to provide both physiologic functions. Whether the efferent
      arterial anastomosis stays open over the long term appears to be inconsequential.
      Survival is ensured by either direct perfusion with oxygen delivery through the
      venous tree or through the eventual ingrowth of recipient vessels into the flap
      by way of the delay phenomena. This perfusion technique is ideally suited for
      tissue with an inadequate arterial tree but with an intact venous system devoid
      of venous valves (most veins less than 1.5 mm in diameter). A well-vascularized
      recipient bed capable of providing vessel ingrowth into transferred tissue may be
      important in the case of delayed arteriovenous fistula occlusion secondary to
      intimal hyperplasia; therefore, further experimental study of these flaps must be
      undertaken before arterialized venous flaps can be recommended for placement in
      recipient sites compromised due to radiation, ischemia, diabetes, or other causes
      of small vessel disease in the recipient bed. Although efferent arteriovenous
      fistulas are currently used to provide arterialized venous perfusion in selected
      cases of end stage arterial occlusive and vasospastic disease, perhaps their
      greatest role is in the management of tissue transfer with an inadequate arterial
      tree. Much knowledge must be gained to understand the physiologic principles and
      requirements for optimal perfusion. Many questions are left unanswered. For
      example, in those arteriovenous fistulas that narrow or occlude secondary to
      neointimal hyperplasia or other causes, which channels (veins or arteries?) are
      used for perfusion during recipient vessel growth? Can intimal hyperplasia be
      reversed or prevented by drug therapy and would this be advantageous? Can venous
      valves be made incompetent so that this technique can be used for larger
      vessels?(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4025698
TI  - Endothelialization of human collagen surfaces with human adult endothelial cells.
AB  - Artificial vascular grafts are currently used to restore blood flow to ischemic
      tissue. Although the long-term patency of large diameter grafts is relatively
      acceptable, small diameter (less than 4 mm) grafts exhibit poor long-term patency
      rates. One technique to create a nonthrombogenic surface on artificial prostheses
      has been to seed with endothelial cells derived from autologous vessels. We have
      examined the interaction of human adult endothelial cells with the natural
      collagen surfaces presented by human amnion. Scanning electron microscopic
      evaluation revealed that human adult endothelial cells adhered rapidly to both
      the basement surface (collagen types IV and V) and interstitial surface (collagen
      types I and III) of amnion. However, the adherence of cells was significantly
      greater on the basement membrane surface. In addition, human adult endothelial
      cells rapidly formed close cell-to-cell interactions on basement membrane as
      compared with cells seeded onto the interstitial surface. These results suggest
      that seeding of endothelial cells onto artificial surfaces will be facilitated if
      the surface simulates the natural basement membrane to which endothelial cells
      natively adhere.

PMID- 4025699
TI  - Vein valve transplantation.
AB  - The vein valve transplantation has, in our experience, subjectively relieved
      symptoms in the majority of patients. More importantly, elevated venous pressure
      has been decreased in most patients. Thus, patients exhibiting signs of venous
      insufficiency syndrome as well as elevated venous pressure and proved valvular
      incompetence should be considered candidates for vein valve transplantation after
      an unsuccessful trial of medical management.

PMID- 4025701
TI  - Immediate, safe hemodialysis into arteriovenous fistulas created with a new
      tunneler. An 11 year experience.
AB  - It seems apparent that application of the tunneler has greatly facilitated the
      immediate use of graft arteriovenous fistulas. Most new patients admitted with
      end-stage renal disease have arteriovenous fistulas created, receive hemodialysis
      appropriately, and are discharged from the hospital within 2 to 4 days. In my
      experience, there was a significant decrease in the need for externally placed
      catheters or shunts. These 301 consecutive cases with relatively few early
      complications attest to the safety of immediate hemodialysis into graft
      arteriovenous fistulas created with this tunneler.

PMID- 4025700
TI  - Continuous ambulatory venous pressure for diagnosis of venous insufficiency.
      Preliminary report.
AB  - We have found that the venous pressure slope during minimal exercise is a
      sensitive measurement of venous disease. This parameter differed greatly in our
      two study populations. Due to increased venous pressure, venous insufficiency
      syndrome patients have a greater volume of pooled blood, which results in smaller
      pressure changes with each muscle contraction. In patients with incompetent
      valves, blood flows in a retrograde fashion in the vein, which leads to a higher
      steady state minimal pressure and notably to a decreased venous pressure slope.
      Venous pressure slope is a particularly sensitive measurement and a good
      prognosticator of venous insufficiency syndrome before symptoms become disabling
      to the patient. Our data indicate a strong correlation between venous pressure
      slope and venographic results. In fact, patients with abnormal venographic
      results invariably have demonstrated venous pressure slopes in the abnormal
      range.

PMID- 4025702
TI  - Ankle bypass: should we go the distance?
AB  - This report reviewed the results of 47 distal arterial reconstructions to or
      below the level of the malleolus. The operations were performed by the techniques
      of popliteal-to-distal bypass (20 procedures) and in situ bypass (27 procedures).
      Seventy-five percent of patients had gangrene of ischemic ulceration, and all
      procedures were performed for limb salvage. Seventy-three percent of all patients
      were diabetic. The patency rates for popliteal-to-distal bypass with reversed
      saphenous vein were 92 percent at 24 months and 57 percent at 60 months, with a
      limb salvage rate of 70 percent at 60 months; the patency rates for popliteal-to
      distal bypass with PTFE were 53 percent at 12 months and 0 at 36 months, with a
      limb salvage rate of 53 percent at 36 months; and the patency rate for in situ
      saphenous vein bypass was 96 percent at 24 months, with a limb salvage rate of 80
      percent at 24 months. Early results are promising for ankle bypass using the
      techniques of popliteal-to-distal and in situ bypass.

PMID- 4025703
TI  - Thirty year experience with predictive lumbar sympathectomy. Method for selection
      of patients.
AB  - An office or bedside procedure to predict benefit from or contraindications to
      lumbar sympathectomy has been presented. Significant benefit and no instance of
      paradoxic gangrene occurred in an experience of more than 30 years with the test.
      This personal series of over 70 patients illustrates significant benefits,
      including healing of gangrenous digits, successful ray (transmetatarsal)
      amputation, and relief of ischemic rest pain in selected patients, even in the
      absence of femoral (groin) pulses. A criterion of an increase of 2 degrees or
      more in skin temperature of the ipsilateral great toe after lumbar sympathetic
      block at the approximate levels of the second, third, and fourth lumbar vertebrae
      has proved to be an adequate parameter or indication of subsequent benefit from
      surgical lumbar sympathectomy. A favorable response is predictable by the method
      described.

PMID- 4025704
TI  - Surgery, an international discipline.

PMID- 4025705
TI  - Ileal conduits for recurrent unresectable colorectal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - In a retrospective 4 year study, 19 patients with unresectable recurrent pelvic
      tumor secondary to colorectal adenocarcinoma underwent urinary diversion. An
      ileal conduit was performed for palliative purposes at the time of exploration.
      None of the 19 patients had evidence of distant metastases. Survival after the
      ileal conduit ranged from 2 to 26 months (median 13 months). This survival rate
      did not vary significantly according to sex or whether hydronephrosis resolved
      after urinary diversion. Postoperative complications developed in three patients.
      Two of these complications were ureterointestinal anastomotic leaks and the third
      was development of an enterocutaneous fistula. The quality of life was rated as
      good by 75 percent of the patients and fair by 18 percent, with all patients
      relieved of painful obstructive uropathy. Eighteen of 19 patients were able to
      resume useful and productive lives.

PMID- 4025706
TI  - Jejunal interposition for recurrent gastroesophageal reflux in children.
AB  - There is limited experience with surgical treatment for recurrent
      gastroesophageal reflux after an antireflux procedure. In four pediatric patients
      with recurrent reflux after surgical therapy, interposition of an isoperistaltic
      segment of jejunum produced excellent short-term results. Further follow-up is
      needed as experience broadens. At the present time, this procedure merits
      consideration in patients with recurrent gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 4025707
TI  - Use of the computerized tomographic scan in the diagnosis and treatment of
      abscesses.
AB  - Over a 5 year period, 89 patients underwent one or more computerized tomographic
      scans to locate an abscess during 92 hospitalizations. The scans were a most
      sensitive (93 percent), specific (98 percent), and accurate (96 percent) means of
      abscess detection. Thirty-nine patients had positive scans. Sixteen patients were
      treated directly by open surgical methods, 1 of whom required percutaneous
      drainage in the postoperative period for incomplete drainage. An additional 23
      patients underwent attempted percutaneous abscess drainage. In 17 patients,
      drainage was successful. Five patients underwent percutaneous drainage and later
      required laparotomy, two of whom underwent unavoidable surgical procedures and
      three surgery for incomplete drainage. Overall, percutaneous abscess drainage was
      successful in 83 percent. Of 11 deaths, 8 occurred in the group with computerized
      tomographic scans negative for abscess. Three of these were false-negative scans.
      Three deaths occurred in the group with scans positive for abscess. All were of
      patients with hepatic abscesses treated by open surgical drainage, one after
      failed percutaneous drainage. Twelve patients had multiple organ failure, and 8
      of these patients died, for a mortality of 67 percent. The computerized
      tomographic scan is the diagnostic procedure of choice in the diagnosis of
      abscesses. In selected patients, percutaneous abscess drainage is also a
      successful means of abscess treatment and avoids the complications of a
      laparotomy. The onset of multiple organ failure in the surgical patient should
      alert the diagnostician to the possibility of a septic focus. The role of early
      laparotomy in these patients is uncertain. We recommend early use of the
      computerized tomographic scan in the septic surgical patient. Prompt diagnosis
      and treatment of abscesses, whether by open or percutaneous routes, may avert the
      development of multiple organ failure and reduce morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 4025708
TI  - Role of vein patch angioplasty in isolated operations for profunda femoris
      stenosis and disabling claudication.
AB  - This report has described the treatment of disabling claudication by correction
      of profunda femoris artery stenosis. Vein patch angioplasty and endarterectomy
      with primary closure were the procedures used. An overall success rate of 71
      percent was noted with no significant complications, however, the angioplasty
      group had a higher likelihood of success (83 percent versus 40 percent). They
      also were noted to have a significantly improved ankle-arm Doppler index, with a
      mean follow-up of 21 months. Possible explanations for these observations have
      been considered and technical recommendations discussed.

PMID- 4025709
TI  - Traumatic arterial injuries of the upper extremity: determinants of disability.
AB  - Of 233 patients who sustained vascular injuries during a 13 year period, 99 had
      involvement of the upper extremity. The primary site of upper extremity injuries
      was the brachial artery (43 patients), and the primary cause of injury was
      gunshot wounds. The majority of the vascular injuries were repaired primarily.
      Nerve injuries occurred in 56 of the patients, and they were the primary cause of
      disability. Edema and infection were not significant determinants of limitations
      in function. Gunshot wounds to the brachial artery resulted in the highest
      incidence of disability and limb loss.

PMID- 4025710
TI  - What do breast symptoms mean?
AB  - Breast symptoms of pain, tenderness, and engorgement correlate with objective
      findings of nodularity on physical examination. Like all other factors for breast
      disease, they are not a single determinant of diagnosis, as shown by the 3 X 3
      contingency table, but they are a useful addition to our understanding. From the
      available data, symptoms seem as accurate as physical examination for evaluating
      changes in benign diseases. By extrapolation, we expect they will be useful for
      management of premalignant breast lesions. We conclude that a complete breast
      evaluation should include inquiry about breast symptoms and whether these
      symptoms have changed.

PMID- 4025711
TI  - Repair of long-term venous catheters.
AB  - The insertion of long-term Silastic catheters into the vena cava for home
      parenteral nutrition, antibiotic administration, and chemotherapy is increasing;
      however, one of the often described complications of these catheters is breakage
      of the external segment of the catheter. A new device as well as a new method for
      repair of the catheter has been described. Clinical testing of the catheters
      repaired with this device by our nutritional support service has demonstrated no
      leakage or occlusion at the catheter repair site. We believe the catheter repair
      kit described is simpler to use than the repair kit currently on the market.

PMID- 4025712
TI  - A simple technique of correcting complete gastric obstruction after gastric
      partitioning.
AB  - The use of autosuture staplers in intraabdominal surgery has become an accepted
      procedure for simplifying gastrointestinal surgery. Described in this report is a
      simple method of correcting unrelenting gastric obstruction that may occur after
      gastric partitioning for morbid obesity by utilizing the autosuture model EEA
      stapler to reestablish gastric continuity.

PMID- 4025713
TI  - Granuloma associated with fenestrated tracheostomy tubes.
AB  - Four cases of granuloma that caused tracheal obstruction have been presented. In
      each, although for different reasons, a tracheostomy was performed and a
      fenestrated tube inserted. We conclude that the insertion of a fenestrated tube
      was the direct cause of the excessive amount of granuloma that caused tracheal
      obstruction.

PMID- 4025714
TI  - New uses of fluorescence in the surgical management of necrotizing soft tissue
      infection.
AB  - The planning of incisions in the management of necrotizing soft tissue infections
      has largely been carried out by subjective methods. Because of disruption of the
      fasciocutaneous circulation, the perfusion of randomly based flaps is frequently
      tenuous. A method that provides safe, rapid, and accurate evaluation of tissue
      perfusion would therefore prove invaluable in the preoperative planning, as well
      as in the postoperative management of these infections. The digital
      dermofluorometer is a recently introduced instrument that objectively evaluates
      skin blood flow based on the cutaneous delivery of sodium fluorescein. We have
      used the technique successfully and without incident in patients who presented
      with necrotizing soft tissue infections. The theory, methods, and application of
      the test have been presented along with two case reports.

PMID- 4025715
TI  - Pneumopylephlebitis and intramesocolic diverticular perforation.
AB  - The insidious presentation of intramesocolic perforation in diverticulitis has
      been reviewed, and two cases of intramesocolic perforation associated with
      pneumopylephlebitis have been reported. Review of the two previously reported
      cases of pneumopylephlebitis associated with diverticular perforation suggests
      that these may have been intramesocolic perforations as well. Exploratory
      laparotomy is clearly indicated in cases of pneumopylephlebitis. In patients with
      recurrent sepsis without a probable source, a water-soluble contrast enema is
      recommended. If conservative measures fail, an exploratory laparotomy should be
      performed to exclude intramesocolic abscess.

PMID- 4025716
TI  - The surgical treatment of giant cell tumor of bone.

PMID- 4025717
TI  - Coronary artery vasoconstriction and its treatment with calcium channel blockers.

PMID- 4025718
TI  - NMR evaluation of the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 4025719
TI  - Spermatic vein occlusion as treatment for testicular varicoceles.

PMID- 4025720
TI  - Genetic counseling in families at increased risk for neural tube defects.

PMID- 4025721
TI  - The clinical and cytological assessment of tioconazole in vulvo-vaginal
      candidiasis.

PMID- 4025722
TI  - Immunotherapy of insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 4025723
TI  - Periampullary disease and pancreatoduodenectomy.

PMID- 4025724
TI  - Kawasaki disease in an Alaskan Eskimo child.

PMID- 4025725
TI  - Uninsured doctors.

PMID- 4025726
TI  - An algorithmic method for histologic diagnosis of inflammatory and neoplastic
      skin diseases by analysis of their patterns.

PMID- 4025727
TI  - Subcutaneous fibroadenoma on an arm.
AB  - A case of a subcutaneous fibroadenoma on an arm of an 18-year-old woman is
      presented. The neoplasm, thought clinically to be a lipoma, may have arisen in
      ectopic breast tissue. Dermatologists and dermatopathologists should be aware
      that fibroadenomas histologically identical with those seen in the breast have
      been observed along the milkline and may also occur in other sites.

PMID- 4025728
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum may affect primarily the epidermis without involving hair
      follicles.
AB  - Lesions of molluscum contagiosum occur on palms and in skin tags. Their origin in
      places where there are no hair follicles proves that the epidermis itself may be
      infected by the causative poxvirus. The central umbilications of lesions are
      therefore not necessarily related to acrotrichia.

PMID- 4025729
TI  - Erythema multiforme.

PMID- 4025730
TI  - My concept of erythema multiforme.

PMID- 4025731
TI  - Erythema multiforme. A clinical syndrome and a histologic complex.

PMID- 4025733
TI  - Criteria for identifying vasculitis of small blood vessels by conventional
      microscopy.

PMID- 4025732
TI  - Chromatic fantasies. Color words in medicine.

PMID- 4025734
TI  - Civility among colleagues should be reciprocal.

PMID- 4025735
TI  - The field or Peterson system for the identification of birds.

PMID- 4025736
TI  - Ellenborough King's disease: an addendum to "chronic relapsing eponymy".

PMID- 4025738
TI  - Pustular bacterid of Andrews.

PMID- 4025737
TI  - Sebaceoma.

PMID- 4025739
TI  - [Morphological, histological and ultrastructural study of the olfactory mucosa.
      I. The olfactory epithelium].

PMID- 4025740
TI  - [Olfactory neuroblastoma. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 4025741
TI  - [The innervation of the vocal muscles].

PMID- 4025742
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the serous acini of the submandibular glands in
      castrated male Wistar rats].

PMID- 4025743
TI  - Is asepsis still essential?

PMID- 4025744
TI  - Contamination of internal jugular cannulae.
AB  - 137 internal jugular vein cannulae from 113 patients undergoing open heart
      surgery were cultured using standard broth culture and a semiquantitative culture
      technique. 60 of the cannulae were placed using an aseptic technique and 77 using
      a standard non sterile technique. Significant contamination was found in 18.3% of
      the cannulae in the aseptic group and 15.6% in the standard group. The
      contaminating organism was Staphylococcus epidermidis in 87.1% of cases. No
      advantage in using an aseptic technique of cannula insertion was demonstrated. It
      was concluded that the major source of contamination was elsewhere.

PMID- 4025745
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of spinal subarachnoid anaesthesia. A study in patients
      with chronic spinal cord injuries.
AB  - Spinal anaesthesia using 1.2 ml of hyperbaric cinchocaine was found to abolish
      the autonomic hyper-reflexic cardiovascular responses to bladder distension and
      produced little alteration in cardiovascular measurements.

PMID- 4025746
TI  - Warming blood before transfusion. Does immersion warming change blood
      composition?
AB  - The practice of warming blood for transfusion by immersion in a water bath has
      been studied. Blood, 3 days after collection, with CPD-adenine anticoagulant, was
      warmed at 25 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 45 degrees C for up to 2 hours. The
      procedure was repeated after 2 and 4 weeks' storage at 4 degrees C. Only trivial
      biochemical and morphological changes resulted from warming. Within these limits,
      immersion warming of blood appears to be a reasonable alternative to using a
      blood-warming coil. Other aspects of immersion warming are discussed.

PMID- 4025747
TI  - Recovery from day-case anaesthesia. The effect of different inhalational
      anaesthetic agents.
AB  - Sixty unpremedicated patients undergoing dilatation and curettage were allocated
      randomly to receive one of three inhalational agents (halothane, enflurane or
      isoflurane) to supplement 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen after induction of
      anaesthesia with methohexitone. Recovery was assessed by the time patients took
      to open their eyes, to give their correct date of birth, to regain their pre
      operative level of manipulative skill with a children's postbox toy, and by
      comparing pre-operative and postoperative performance of a paper and pencil test
      (the p-deletion test). There was no difference in the time to open eyes or to
      regain their pre-operative score with the postbox whether the patients received
      halothane, enflurane or isoflurane. Patients in the isoflurane group took longer
      than patients in the enflurane group to give their correct date of birth, but
      they performed better in the p-deletion test postoperatively, completing more
      lines with the same number of errors. Patients receiving enflurane committed more
      errors postoperatively in the p-deletion test. The incidence of complications was
      low and was not influenced by the choice of inhalational agent.

PMID- 4025748
TI  - Intradermal testing and anaphylactoid reactions. The limitations of their use in
      the investigation of reactions to intravenous anaesthetics.
AB  - A patient who exhibited a severe reaction to an intravenous agent on one occasion
      was given a similar anaesthetic on a subsequent occasion without incident.
      Intradermal testing was carried out and the results are tabulated and discussed.

PMID- 4025749
TI  - If in doubt, take it out. Obstruction of tracheal tube by prominent aortic
      knuckle.

PMID- 4025750
TI  - Evaluation of the Datex 'Normac' anaesthetic agent monitor.
AB  - The Datex 'Normac' infrared anaesthetic agent monitor has been evaluated for
      accuracy of calibration, stability and speed of response. Accuracy was assessed
      by comparing with a gas chromatograph calibrated using volumetric standards and
      was found to be very good for isoflurane and enflurane but was slightly less
      accurate for halothane, due to a low signal: noise ratio. The stability of the
      instrument was found to be exceptionally good. The response time is dependent on
      the sampling rate and we found that, in practice, the instrument would record the
      end expired anaesthetic concentration on patients breathing up to 15
      breaths/minute. The instrument is compact and convenient for use in operating
      theatres.

PMID- 4025751
TI  - The 'Permox' oxygen concentrator. Its mode of action, performance and potential
      application.
AB  - The performance of the 'Permox' oxygen concentrator has been investigated in
      detail with particular reference to its possible use as an alternative to
      conventional oxygen supplies both in the emergency situation, in the event of
      failure of pipeline or cylinder systems or when these are unavailable. The
      stability and concentrations of oxygen produced at various flows provided a
      viable alternative supply of oxygen, and the portability and reliability of this
      particular apparatus made it suitable for use in the many situations considered.

PMID- 4025752
TI  - A Venturi connector for tracheal tubes.
AB  - An attachment for tracheal tubes is described. It functions as a holder for a
      choice of needles used to conduct a Venturi jet powered from a high-pressure gas
      system of the kind used for bronchoscopic ventilation. It is suggested as a
      potentially useful device for some unusual clinical situations, two of which are
      illustrated.

PMID- 4025753
TI  - A nerve stimulator for peripheral nerve blockade.
AB  - An inexpensive, portable nerve stimulator is described which is easily
      constructed and may be used to enhance the ease and effectiveness of peripheral
      nerve blockade.

PMID- 4025754
TI  - Mortality following surgery for fractures of the neck of femur.
AB  - The mortality following surgery for hip fractures during 1982 is reviewed. 91
      procedures were performed on 89 patients. The mortality rate at 4 weeks following
      general anaesthesia was 2.7%. This is much lower than previously reported.
      Possible reasons for the variation in mortality between this series and others,
      are discussed.

PMID- 4025755
TI  - Postoperative pain relief with naloxone. Severe respiratory depression and pain
      after high dose buprenorphine.
AB  - Buprenorphine 30 and 40 micrograms/kg was given as the sole intravenous analgesic
      in balanced anaesthesia to 12 patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Significant
      and severe respiratory depression was found 15 minutes after preoperative loading
      with buprenorphine. In the immediate postoperative period six patients were in
      pain. They were treated with naloxone 0.08-0.4 mg leading to a long lasting
      period of pain relief (median 22 hours).

PMID- 4025756
TI  - Anaesthetics and the immune response.

PMID- 4025757
TI  - Defensive medicine.

PMID- 4025758
TI  - Anaesthesia and Gilbert's syndrome.

PMID- 4025759
TI  - Epidural test doses in obstetrics.

PMID- 4025760
TI  - The problems of anaesthesia for a neonate with fused jaws.

PMID- 4025761
TI  - Emergency transtracheal ventilation in anaesthesia or the casualty department.

PMID- 4025762
TI  - Falsely positive reaction to glucose test strips.

PMID- 4025763
TI  - Rationale and experience with visual analogue toys.

PMID- 4025764
TI  - Foreign body.

PMID- 4025765
TI  - Not to be resuscitated.

PMID- 4025766
TI  - Controlled neck compression in neurosurgery. Studies on venous air embolism in
      upright sheep.
AB  - Bilateral compression of the jugular veins to raise temporarily cerebral venous
      pressure, is a manoeuvre recommended frequently in the immediate management of
      venous air embolism during neurosurgery. One method of compressing the neck veins
      is to inflate a pneumatic cuff secured around the neck with adhesive tape. This
      method of neck vein compression had been assessed in upright anaesthetised sheep
      and found to be an easily controlled and efficient way to raise the cerebral
      venous pressure. Advantages, dangers and potential problems associated with the
      use of an inflatable cuff in the clinical situation are discussed.

PMID- 4025767
TI  - Athletic dysrhythmias. A case report and review of the phenomenon of the
      'athlete's heart'.
AB  - A 36-year-old athlete was anaesthetised for a minor surgical procedure. His heart
      rate fell to 30 beats/minute during the operation, the electrocardiogram showed A
      V junctional rhythm. Sinus rhythm of 58 beats/minute was restored by atropine 1.2
      mg. His resting 12-lead electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia and features
      consistent with a diagnosis of 'athlete's heart'. A review is presented of the
      physiological and electrocardiographical features of this phenomenon. The current
      popularity of running as a leisure pursuit makes it important that anaesthetists
      recognise the peculiarities of the trained athletic heart.

PMID- 4025768
TI  - Anaphylactoid reaction to oxytocin in pregnancy.
AB  - A case of an allergic reaction to Syntocinon (synthetic oxytocin) administered
      during Caesarean section is reported.

PMID- 4025769
TI  - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Termination of paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardia with phenylephrine.
AB  - A patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, susceptible to tachydysrhythmias ,
      presented for eye surgery under general anaesthesia. He developed a
      supraventricular tachycardia refractory to a variety of treatments. Phenylephrine
      consistently abolished the dysrhythmia, probably by acting directly to stimulate
      the arterial baroreceptors and hence vagal output. Vasopressor therapy should be
      considered in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome tachyarrhythmias, when circumstances
      permit.

PMID- 4025770
TI  - Free-standing vaporizers. Another hazard.
AB  - A previously unreported hazard of free-standing 'Tec' type vaporizers relating to
      their positioning downstream of the oxygen flush is presented. Three Enfluratec
      Mark III vaporizers were studied; measurement of delivered enflurane
      concentration was performed at a flow rate of 8 litres/minute, during and after
      the application of the oxygen flush upstream of the vaporizer. The maximum
      difference between the dial setting and the measured vapour concentration
      occurred when a 5-second flush was applied to a vaporizer set at 0.2 volume %,
      the peak vapour concentration recorded being 2.3%. Other hazards of free-standing
      vaporizers are discussed and ways of avoiding these hazards considered.

PMID- 4025771
TI  - Anaesthesia for suction termination of pregnancy.
AB  - The effect of three anaesthetic techniques on blood loss and intra-uterine
      pressure changes in response to Syntocinon were studied in patients undergoing
      routine first trimester suction termination of pregnancy. All patients received a
      standard premedication, a bolus dose of fentanyl, intravenous induction of
      anaesthesia and maintenance with nitrous oxide and oxygen plus either intravenous
      supplementation or 0.5% halothane. Intra-uterine pressure was related to the
      anaesthetic technique used although blood loss was unrelated either to
      anaesthetic technique or to intra-uterine pressure changes.

PMID- 4025772
TI  - Mental function and morbidity after acute hip surgery during spinal and general
      anaesthesia.
AB  - Forty elderly patients (mean age 78.9 years) undergoing acute surgery for hip
      fracture were given at random either spinal analgesia with bupivacaine 0.75% or
      general anaesthesia with diazepam, fentanly and N2O/O2. Mental function was
      studied pre-operatively with an abbreviated mental test and 1 week and 3 months
      postoperatively in both groups. Mortality and number of complications was similar
      in the two groups, but a shorter time of ambulation was seen in the spinal group
      compared to the general anaesthetic group. No persistent impairment in mental
      function was found after acute hip surgery under spinal or general anaesthesia
      and the only advantage of regional technique was a shorter time of ambulation.

PMID- 4025773
TI  - Anaesthesia for translumbar aortography.
AB  - Fifty patients presenting for elective translumbar aortography were randomly
      allocated to one of two groups receiving either enflurane or isoflurane.
      Premedication was with oral lorazepam. The patients' tracheas were intubated and
      they were allowed to breathe spontaneously in the prone position during the
      procedure. There was no significant difference in heart rate during the
      investigation but there was a statistically significant fall in the blood
      pressure from its pre-induction level. Arterial oxygenation was adequate
      throughout the procedure. Arterial carbon dioxide tension was significantly lower
      in the isoflurane group at the beginning and at end of the procedure (p less than
      0.01), but there was no significant change in carbon dioxide tension within the
      groups during the procedure. Spontaneous ventilation with enflurane or isoflurane
      is a satisfactory anaesthetic technique for translumbar aortography.

PMID- 4025774
TI  - The depth of the lumbar epidural space from the skin.
AB  - The depth of the epidural space at different intervertebral interspaces was
      measured in 1000 parturients. Overall the median distance from the skin to the
      epidural space was 4.7 cm, but this varied with the lumbar interspace at which it
      was measured, being greatest at the third (L3-4) interspace (4.93 cm) and least
      at the first (L1-2) interspace (4.23 cm). The clinical significance of these
      findings is discussed.

PMID- 4025776
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia--or not?

PMID- 4025777
TI  - The pre-operative visit: a source of anxiety.

PMID- 4025778
TI  - Unexpected artefact during spectral edge analysis.

PMID- 4025775
TI  - Indoramin-induced hypotension. An evaluation during ear, nose and throat surgery.
AB  - Indoramin, a competitive alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, was administered
      intravenously to 12 fit patients aged 20-49 years during general anaesthesia with
      either halothane or enflurane for ear, nose and throat surgery. A mean decrease
      of systolic blood pressure of 6 mmHg followed the initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg.
      Systolic blood pressures of 70-80 mmHg were achieved in nine patients using 0.29
      4 mg/kg. The maximum effect of every dose was achieved within 3 minutes, with a
      probable duration of action of at least 30 minutes. Large changes of heart rate
      did not occur, though there was gradual slowing of the heart during each series
      of incremental administrations. Junctional rhythm, sometimes with bradycardia and
      hypotension, occurred in five patients (four in halothane group; one in enflurane
      group). Because of this, and the greater than ten-fold variation in decrease of
      blood pressure for a single weight-related dose, indoramin is not recommended for
      the reduction of blood pressure during halothane anaesthesia.

PMID- 4025779
TI  - Hazards in multiple cannulation of a single vein.

PMID- 4025780
TI  - Sustained-release morphine for postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 4025781
TI  - Ketamine and bronchospasm.

PMID- 4025782
TI  - Alfentanil and isoflurane anaesthesia for day stay dental surgery.

PMID- 4025783
TI  - Modification of laryngoscope for nasogastric intubation.

PMID- 4025784
TI  - Splitting ratio.

PMID- 4025785
TI  - Koenig's tracheostomy tube; neglected but still useful.

PMID- 4025786
TI  - Multi-mode switchable breathing systems.

PMID- 4025787
TI  - A clear airway during tracheal surgery.

PMID- 4025788
TI  - Generalised oedema and epidural anaesthesia.

PMID- 4025789
TI  - Central venous and direct pressure monitoring.

PMID- 4025790
TI  - Amplification of oesophageal sounds.

PMID- 4025791
TI  - Anaesthesia for ENT surgery in children.

PMID- 4025792
TI  - [Aortofemoral bifurcation bypass--effect of anesthesia procedure (NLA, thoracic
      continuous catheter peridural anesthesia) on circulation, respiration and
      metabolism. Hemodynamic changes caused by peridural anesthesia and anesthesia
      induction].
AB  - In 50 patients scheduled for infrarenal aortic bypass surgery the cardiovascular
      effects of two anaesthetic regimes were investigated prior to surgery. A Swan
      Ganz-catheter was used for haemodynamic measurements. These patients, having been
      randomized into two groups, were optimally volume loaded (PCWP 10 mmHg) before
      anaesthesia. In 24 patients a thoracic epidural was induced with 12-15 ml 0.25%
      plain bupivacaine. When segmental anaesthesia had extended from T4/5 to L1/2
      general anaesthesia was additionally applied (flunitrazepam 1.5-2 mg, pancuronium
      bromide 0.1 mg/kg). In 26 patients neuroleptanaesthesia was induced (droperidol
      0.1-0.2 mg/kg, fentanyl 0.01 mg/kg, pancuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg, and
      thiopentone 100-150 mg. Haemodynamic measurements were made before injection into
      the epidural catheter, after complete spread of anaesthesia, before commencing
      general anaesthesia and 10-15 min thereafter. RESULTS: Neither of the two
      procedures were associated with severe haemodynamic alterations. In the epidural
      group HR fell slightly during latency of complete spread and increased to the
      same extend following general anaesthesia. The epidural caused MAP (104 to 88
      mmHg), mean PAP (20 to 14 mmHg), PCWP (10 to 7.5 mmHg), and RAP (4.5 to 2.5 mmHg)
      to decrease moderately but no further changes were effected by the subsequent
      general anaesthesia. SVR and PVR were not influenced by either epidural or by
      general anaesthesia. CI (3.6 to 3.41 . min-1 . m-2), LVSWI (67 to 52 p . m-1),
      and cardiac minute work index (55 to 40 J . min-1 . m-2) decreased during latency
      of complete spread but were no further influenced by general anaesthesia. The
      haemodynamic changes of neuroleptanaesthesia were almost identical to those of
      the combined epidural-general anaesthesia. For the operation which followed, a
      continuous infusion of 0.125 per cent plain bupivacaine (0.25 ml/kg X h) via
      epidural catheter (in combination with N2O/O2-anaesthesia) was sufficient for
      complete analgesia in the epidural group. These findings lead to the conclusion
      that a small bolus volume and a low concentration of bupivacaine result in good
      anaesthesia while avoiding serious haemodynamic alterations.

PMID- 4025794
TI  - [Massive intraoperative lung embolism caused by the introduction of a telescope
      pin (Bailey-Dubow pin) in a child with osteogenesis imperfecta].
AB  - We report the case of a massive pulmonary embolism in a three year old boy with
      osteogenesis imperfecta during a closed insertion of a Bailey-Dubow-rod. An
      increased intramedullary pressure with consecutive entering of medullary
      particles or air into the blood stream due to the insertion of the Bailey-Dubow
      rod is discussed as the cause of the pulmonary embolus.

PMID- 4025793
TI  - [Positive modification of hemodynamics in post cardiac surgery patients by
      hemofiltration. Improved method for the demonstration of myocardial depressant
      factor (MDF) in hemofiltrate].
AB  - The method of haemofiltration was used in 29 postoperative cardio-surgical
      patients with low blood pressure, high left ventricular filling pressure and low
      total peripheral resistance, which did not respond to the use of the intraaortic
      balloon pump or pharmaco-therapy. In severe low-output syndrome hemodynamic
      parameters are: reduced mean arterial pressure, increased left ventricular
      filling pressure, increased mean arterial pulmonary pressure as well as
      significantly reduced total peripheral resistance [4-6, 28]. Inspite of pharmaco
      therapy, cardiac performance regarding peripheral perfusion is insufficient; this
      leads to a vicious cycle of irreversible O2-debt and severe cellular damage.
      After haemofiltration there was a significant improvement in the haemodynamic
      parameters, which in our opinion was due to the elimination of toxic peptides
      such as Myocardial Depressant Factor (MDF). In 27 of a total of 29 patients,
      haemodynamic parameters returned to normal after treatment. 19 patients were
      discharged, eight patients died after a number of days or weeks from causes not
      related to the original cardiogenic shock (cerebral embolism, reinfarction,
      myocardiopathy and pneumonia).

PMID- 4025795
TI  - [Intraoperative mechanical autotransfusion: examination of the withdrawn blood
      before retransfusion].

PMID- 4025796
TI  - [High dosage thalamonal/rohypnol for premedication].

PMID- 4025797
TI  - Collection and analysis of kinetic data from a stopped-flow spectrophotometer
      using a microcomputer.
AB  - A method of interfacing an inexpensive microcomputer to a stopped-flow kinetics
      spectrophotometer is described. It allows software-selectable sampling
      frequencies between 0.1 ms and 8 s and large numbers of data points to be
      collected. Machine language routines to use the interface are described and these
      allow the sampling frequency to be altered during data collection to ensure
      adequate numbers of points in critical regions of the kinetic profile. BASIC
      programs for collection and analysis of multicomponent kinetic data using this
      system are also described. Due to the large number of data points that can be
      collected and the ability to selectively sample transmittance values in regions
      where the signal is rapidly changing with time, relatively unsophisticated
      methods of data analysis can be used. These methods are suitable for use by
      microcomputers and mean that data analysis and acquisition can be performed on
      the same microcomputer in real time. To illustrate this, multicomponent analysis
      of kinetic transients is performed on simulated data and on the dissociation
      kinetics of the ethidium-DNA complex.

PMID- 4025798
TI  - A simple procedure for removing contaminating aldehydes and peroxides from
      aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycols and of nonionic detergents that are
      based on the polyoxyethylene linkage.
AB  - Commercial samples of polyethylene glycol as well as detergents incorporating the
      polyoxyethylene linkage may contain substantial concentrations of peroxides and
      aldehydes, as well as aldehyde precursors. Facile procedures for essentially
      eliminating either the first or all three of these contaminants from concentrated
      aqueous stock solutions are described. Under some conditions, the purified
      solutions can be stored at room temperature under aerobic conditions for time
      periods of weeks without significant decomposition. Possible antioxidants that
      might be used under other conditions to stabilize such solutions during long-term
      aerobic studies are considered.

PMID- 4025799
TI  - Purification of major basic glutathione transferase isoenzymes from rat liver by
      use of affinity chromatography and fast protein liquid chromatofocusing.
AB  - Seven major isoenzymes of glutathione transferase with isoelectric points ranging
      from pH 6.9 to 10 were isolated from rat liver cytosol. The purification
      procedure included affinity chromatography on immobilized S-hexylglutathione
      followed by high-performance liquid chromatofocusing. Characteristics, such as
      physical properties, reactions with antibodies, specific activities with various
      substrates, kinetic constants, and sensitivities to a set of inhibitors, are
      given for discrimination and identification of the different isoenzymes. The
      multiple forms of the enzyme correspond to glutathione transferases 1-1, 1-2, 2
      2, 3-3, 3-4, and 4-4 in the recently introduced nomenclature [W.B. Jakoby et al.
      (1984) Biochem. Pharmacol. 33, 2539-2540]. A seventh form appears to be a
      heterodimeric protein composed of subunit 3 and an as yet unidentified subunit.

PMID- 4025800
TI  - Analysis of plasma cyanate as 2-nitro-5-thiocarbamylbenzoic acid by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method for the determination of cyanate concentration in blood plasma over the
      range 1 to 1000 microM is presented. Cyanate present in the dried residue of
      acetone-deproteinized plasma is converted to a chromophoric thiocarbamyl
      derivative by addition of pH 3.0-buffered thionitrobenzoic acid. The derivative
      is then analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with
      detection at 313 nm, near the absorption maximum. Carbamyl thionitrobenzoic acid
      peak height is quantified by comparison to a standard curve made by analysis of
      plasma samples to which known quantities of cyanate have been added. This
      technique is sensitive and linear with respect to cyanate concentration, and is
      faster than other reported methods; sample analysis and column regeneration are
      accomplished within 20 min.

PMID- 4025801
TI  - Purification of myosin light chains by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Three procedures for the purification of myosin light chains-1, -2, and -3 from
      avian fast white muscle fibers using high-performance liquid chromatography are
      described. Two involve the reverse-phase mode, the other, anion exchange. The
      procedures allow preparation of microgram to milligram amounts of the proteins
      and are suitable for the study of myosin light chains in small muscles and biopsy
      muscle samples. The elution order of light chain-1 and light chain-3, two
      proteins with extensive sequence homology, is discussed in terms of the unusual
      amino acid sequence and structure of the N-terminal peptide of light chain-1.

PMID- 4025802
TI  - Isolation of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein from human plasma using high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method for the rapid isolation of purified alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) from
      small volumes of human plasma using HPLC has been developed. The method involves
      preparation of the seromucoid fraction of plasma by sequential perchloric acid
      and phosphotungstic acid precipitations, followed by chromatography on an HPLC
      TSKG-3000 column. The yield was high (0.75 mg AGP/ml plasma) and the procedure
      takes less than 1 day. The method lends itself to easy automation and is
      particularly suitable for isotopic turnover studies requiring multiple plasma
      samples.

PMID- 4025803
TI  - The Cuisinart food processor efficiently disaggregates tissues.
AB  - The Cuisinart Model DLC-7 PRO food processor efficiently disaggregates plant and
      animal tissues resulting in time savings and often increased yields in the
      isolated material.

PMID- 4025804
TI  - A method for branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase activity in microgram and
      nanogram tissue samples.
AB  - A method for branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase is described which is
      based on running the reaction in the reverse of the usual direction with
      glutamate and alpha-ketoisocaproate as substrates. The alpha-ketoglutarate
      generated is reduced with glutamate dehydrogenase and NADH. For sensitivity in
      the nanomole range, the NAD+ generated is measured directly by converting to the
      highly fluorescent strong alkali product. For smaller samples, down to the 0.2-
      to 2-pmol range, the NAD+ is amplified by enzymatic cycling.

PMID- 4025805
TI  - Synthesis of methyl 2- and 4-pyridyl disulfide from 2- and 4-thiopyridone and
      methyl methanethiosulfonate.
AB  - In 1982, methyl 2-pyridyl disulfide was reported as a new reagent for the
      titration of thiol groups in peptides and proteins and for their temporary
      blocking with the thiomethyl group [T. Kimura et al. (1982) Anal. Biochem. 122,
      274-282]. We have synthesized this compound (and its 4-pyridyl isomer) by a rapid
      and convenient procedure which is preferable to that in the original report. Our
      method involves the thiomethylation of the appropriate thiopyridone by methyl
      methanethiosulfonate.

PMID- 4025806
TI  - Fluorescent properties of histone-1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulfonate complexes in
      the presence of denaturant agents: application to the rapid staining of histones
      in urea and Triton-urea-polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - In the present report it is shown that histone bands in urea-acetic acid or
      Triton-urea-acetic acid-polyacrylamide gels can be stained with the fluorescent
      dye 1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulfonate and visualized by transillumination of the
      gel with an uv-light source. The 1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulfonate staining method
      described here for urea and Triton-urea gels is rapid (it can be completed in 90
      min) and allows the detection of less than 1 micrograms of histone per band.

PMID- 4025807
TI  - Bile acids. LXXII. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of bile acid
      coenzyme A derivatives.
AB  - The mobilities of coenzyme A and coenzyme A derivatives of cholate,
      chenodeoxycholate, deoxycholate, lithocholate, and their 5 alpha analogs were
      studied in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. With a C18
      Radial-PAK A cartridge (10-micron particles) and a solvent mixture of 2
      propanol/10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0, 140:360), separation of the
      chenodeoxycholyl and deoxycholyl coenzyme A derivatives was not observed. An
      increase in ionic strength of the buffer to 50 mM afforded separation, which was
      markedly augmented with a C18 Radial-PAK A cartridge with 5-micron particles.
      Lowering the pH of the buffer to 5.5 did not materially change the separations
      regardless of the ionic strength. Quantitation was carried out to a lower level
      of 8.5 X 10(-12) mol.

PMID- 4025808
TI  - Dual-label high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for femtomole levels of
      benzo[a]pyrene metabolites.
AB  - A dual-label HPLC assay to measure femtomole quantities of ethyl acetate
      extractable [3H]benzo[a]pyrene metabolites was developed. 14C-labeled metabolites
      of benzo[a]pyrene formed by rat liver 9000g supernatant were used as both
      internal standards and chromatographic markers. The percentage deviation between
      assays was determined to be between 11 and 13% for 9,10-dihydro-9,10
      dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene
      3,6-quinone, benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone, and 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, 22% for 4,5
      dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, and less than 5% for 3
      hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. The detection limit of this assay was between 3 and 10
      fmol per metabolite. The application of this technique to the metabolism of
      [3H]benzo[a]pyrene by microsomes of hamster and human oral cavity tissue is
      described.

PMID- 4025809
TI  - Microheterogeneity of the mammalian high-mobility group proteins 14 and 17
      investigated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Microheterogeneity within the HMG-14 and HMG-17 group of nonhistone chromatin
      proteins has been investigated using reverse-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography (RP-HPLC) under conditions (acetonitrile elution with 0.1%
      trifluoroacetic acid as a weak ion-pairing agent) which separate proteins
      primarily on the basis of differences in their overall hydrophobicities. Ion-pair
      RP-HPLC proves to be a fast and efficient means for separating multiple
      subspecies of both the HMG-14 and the -17 proteins from both crude nuclear
      extracts and from ion-exchange column-purified protein samples obtained from
      different types of mammalian cell nuclei. In crude nuclear extracts at least two
      different HMG-14 protein species (one major and one minor) and three different
      HMG-17 species (two major and one minor) can be resolved by ion-pair RP-HPLC. The
      identity and purity of these HMG-14 and -17 protein species were assayed by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. The amount of HMG
      protein microheterogeneity observed by RP-HPLC equals or exceeds that found for
      these proteins by other analytical techniques and the results suggest that this
      heterogeneity may be due to factors other than protein size or overall net charge
      variability.

PMID- 4025810
TI  - Properties and applications of new monoclonal antibodies raised against calf DNA
      polymerase alpha.
AB  - A panel of 12 hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against alpha
      polymerase were prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells of a
      rat immunized with homogeneous calf thymus alpha-polymerase. Hybridomas were
      selected and cloned on the basis of immunobinding to pure alpha-polymerase in
      solid phase radioimmunoassay. Antibodies secreted by these cells eventually were
      purified in milligram quantities from ascites fluids. These antibodies, all of
      the rat immunoglobulin M class, cross-reacted with alpha-polymerases from calf
      and monkey cells as revealed by immunobinding in radioimmunoassay and by
      immunoprecipitation of DNA polymerase activity. The antibodies were not capable
      of neutralizing the enzyme activity. With the methods described these antibodies
      may be used to immunoprecipitate alpha-polymerase from crude extracts of
      mammalian cells and to measure levels of the enzyme protein.

PMID- 4025811
TI  - Double-beam flying spot scanner for two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - The construction of a double-beam photometer in which the light source is a
      cathode ray oscilloscope is described. The light spot from the oscilloscope was
      focused and reduced in size at the gel plane to give a diameter of less than 0.15
      mm and make it possible to scan over a 50 X 59-mm rectangle; using reduced
      spatial resolution (spot less than 0.2 mm) the area scanned becomes 70 X 90 mm.
      The light from the CRT was divided into two beams; one was directed through the
      transparent object to a photomultiplier and the other to a reference
      photomultiplier. The signals from these two detectors were converted to the
      logarithm of the ratio by a logging amplifier to give a direct measure of
      absorbance. Positioning of the spot, control of light intensity, and measurement
      of absorbance were carried out through an interface to a 16-bit computer. The
      relationship between measured and actual absorbance was linear over the range of
      absorbance 0 to 2, which could be raised to 1 to 3 by placing a neutral filter in
      the reference beam. The system generated an image containing 256 X 256 pixels in
      about 5 min, the scanning speed was determined by the persistence time of the P4
      phosphor on the cathode ray tube, and faster scans can be made using A6 phosphor.

PMID- 4025812
TI  - Measurement of total protein in plant samples in the presence of tannins.
AB  - A method for measuring total protein in situ in plant samples has been developed
      using the determination of amino acids released by acid hydrolysis of dried plant
      material. Standard proteins and plant samples were hydrolyzed with 3% sulfuric
      acid at 100 degrees C for 24 h and the amino acids released were measured with
      ninhydrin. Unhydrolyzed plant extracts were also analyzed for free amino acids
      with ninhydrin. Total amino acid equivalents (protein plus free amino acids) of a
      diverse set of plant samples was significantly correlated with total protein as
      estimated by elemental analysis (N X 6.25). The Lowry method as modified by
      precipitation of proteins with trichloroacetic acid was found to be
      unsatisfactory for dried plant samples due to the incomplete extractability of
      proteins. Although some alkaloids caused increased absorbance with ninhydrin,
      interference with quantification of protein is likely to be minimal. Tannins
      interfered with the Lowry and Bradford methods but not the ninhydrin method.

PMID- 4025813
TI  - pH-dependent binding analysis, a new and rapid method for isoelectric point
      estimation.
AB  - Based upon the pH-dependent binding affinity of amphoteric molecules for an ion
      exchanger, and by taking advantage of batch procedures, a facile method was
      developed for estimating isoelectric points of these molecules. The new method
      allows pI measurements to be accomplished within 1 h. Moreover, any possible
      protein-ampholyte interaction or artifact formation, as may be introduced from
      the presence of carrier ampholytes when conventional focusing methods are
      employed, is eliminated by the method. In addition, because of the short
      processing time, isoelectric points of proteins can be measured at any desired
      temperature without much risk of protein denaturation. Seven proteins with well
      defined isoelectric points were examined by the method. The measured pI values
      were within a range of 0.2 pH unit or less of the reported values. The precision
      of pI measurements by the method can be even further improved with the employment
      of a narrower pH gradient. Since the isoelectric point is an important parameter
      which governs much of the art of separating proteins, the advent of a simple and
      rapid method for its measurement would be of use for selecting the proper
      strategy for protein isolation and purification.

PMID- 4025814
TI  - Extraction of dolichyl phosphate and its quantitation by straight-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A procedure for the rapid quantitation of dolichyl phosphate by high-performance
      liquid chromatography on silica is described. The compound elutes as a single
      peak at 6 ml in excellent yield. The method employs isocratic elution and
      requires no column treatment between runs; the limit of sensitivity is in the
      nanogram range. Dolichyl-11-phosphate, which elutes at 7 ml, can be used as an
      internal standard, thereby eliminating the requirement for preparation of
      [3H]dolichyl phosphate. The procedure was used in development of a facile assay
      for free dolichyl phosphate in rat liver. For the assay of total dolichyl
      phosphate (free and chemically bound), it was found that when rat liver is first
      saponified and then extracted with ethyl ether, the amount of dolichyl phosphate
      present in the ether extract is significantly greater than the sum of the amounts
      found in extracts derived by treating the tissue first with chloroform/methanol
      (2/1) and then with chloroform/ethanol/water (10/10/3). Using these new
      procedures, the level of total dolichyl phosphate in rat liver was found to be
      14.7 +/- 3.5 micrograms g-1 wet wt (n = 28). Levels in six other organs are also
      reported.

PMID- 4025815
TI  - A convenient assay for mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase activity of human liver
      microsomal cytochrome P-450.
AB  - A simple and rapid method for the determination of (S)-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase
      activity by human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 has been developed. [Methyl
      14C] mephenytoin was synthesized by alkylation of S-nirvanol with 14CH3I and used
      as a substrate. After incubation of [methyl-14C]mephenytoin with human liver
      microsomes or a reconstituted monooxygenase system containing partially purified
      human liver cytochrome P-450, the 4-hydroxylated metabolite of mephenytoin was
      separated by thin-layer chromatography and quantified. The formation of the
      metabolite depended on the incubation time, substrate concentration, and
      cytochrome P-450 concentration and was found to be optimal at pH 7.4. The Km and
      Vmax rates obtained with a human liver microsomal preparation were 0.1 mM and
      0.23 nmol 4-hydroxymephenytoin formed/min/nmol cytochrome P-450, respectively.
      The hydroxylation activity showed absolute requirements for cytochrome P-450,
      NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, and NADPH in a reconstituted monooxygenase
      system. Activities varied from 5.6 to 156 pmol 4-hydroxymephenytoin
      formed/min/nmol cytochrome P-450 in 11 human liver microsomal preparations. The
      basic system utilized for the analysis of mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation can also be
      applied to the estimation of other enzyme activities in which phenol formation
      occurs.

PMID- 4025816
TI  - Separation of nucleosides and nucleotides by reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography with volatile buffers allowing sample recovery.
AB  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a C18 column with
      volatile buffers as the eluant was applied to the separation of a number of
      nucleosides and nucleotides. Groups of seven nucleosides and five nucleoside
      monophosphates were separated isocratically employing 0.1 M trimethylammonium
      acetate and 2% acetonitrile at pH 7.0. Groups of seven nucleoside diphosphates
      and seven nucleoside triphosphates were separated with 0.1 M triethylammonium
      bicarbonate and 2% acetonitrile titrated to a pH of 7.1 with acetic acid. The
      techniques described give resolution and separations comparable to nonvolatile
      buffers. Moreover, the eluant trimethylammonium acetate or triethylammonium
      bicarbonate buffer can easily be removed in vacuo from the column effluent,
      making the technique useful for preparative separations of these compounds. The
      observed elution pattern of nucleoside phosphates suggests that "paired-ion"
      chromatography is involved in the separation.

PMID- 4025817
TI  - Nucleotide profiles of normal human blood cells determined by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - An anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography method has been used to
      quantitate the intracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in extracts of
      pure lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, and
      platelets isolated from the blood of healthy human donors. For accurate and
      reproducible measurements of the nucleotide profiles in different types of pure
      leukocytes, the cell suspensions have to be free of platelets and erythrocytes.
      Incubation of the purified leukocytes for 1 h at 0 degrees C did not alter the
      nucleotide concentrations but reduced the interdonor variation to 10%. Incubation
      of purified lymphocytes for 1 h at 37 degrees C caused considerable changes in
      the relative concentrations of the adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine
      nucleotides. During this incubation the cell viability, the cell number, and the
      ATP:ADP ratio decreased. Incubation of monocytes and granulocytes for 1 h at 37
      degrees C caused considerable loss of cells and/or cell death. For erythrocytes
      and platelets reproducible nucleotide concentrations were obtained after
      extraction of freshly isolated cells. During storage of erythrocytes, both at 0
      degrees C and at 37 degrees C, a decrease in the ATP:ADP ratio was detected. In
      all cell types the predominant nucleotides were purine nucleotides, especially
      adenosine triphosphate. The relative concentrations of the adenine, guanine,
      uracil, and cytosine nucleotides were very reproducible per cell type and
      appeared to be characteristic for each cell type. The total nucleotide content
      was nearly the same for all cell types except erythrocytes, when expressed per
      microgram of protein. The described methods for purification and storage of blood
      cells will be useful for comparison of blood cells from healthy donors with those
      of patients, for example, leukemia patients, in which deviations of the purine
      and pyrimidine metabolic enzymes have already been described.

PMID- 4025818
TI  - Protein quantitation of as low as 10-ng/ml concentrations by competitive binding
      to polystyrene latexes.
AB  - A protein quantitation method which offers protein detection as low as 10 ng
      protein/ml and accurate quantitation as low as 30-100 ng protein/ml, depending on
      the protein, has been designed. The assay, which is relatively quick and simple
      to perform, utilizes the strong, nonspecific adsorption of proteins onto
      polystyrene latexes. A competition is created between a marker enzyme and the
      analyte protein for a limited amount of latex surface area. Due to inactivation
      of the enzyme upon binding to a hydrophobic latex surface, measurement of enzyme
      activity allows determination of the bound/free enzyme ratio and thus the
      competing protein concentration. Considerations of sensitivity and simplicity are
      suggested to make this assay superior to others presently available.

PMID- 4025819
TI  - A radioisotope assay for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase: S
      adenosylhomocysteine analogs as inhibitors of the enzyme involved in plant
      senescence.
AB  - A simple and rapid radioisotopic assay for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
      (ACC) synthase was developed, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the plant
      hormone ethylene. The assay utilizes an AG50W-X4(NH+4) column which separates S
      adenosyl-L-[carboxyl-14C]methionine (AdoMet) from the product [14C]ACC, since the
      latter is not bound to the resin while [14C]AdoMet is. As opposed to other
      assays, this procedure measures ACC directly and does not require further
      conversion to ethylene. When an enzyme preparation from ripe tomato fruits
      (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). was assayed, an I50 of 2.5 +/- 0.8 microM for
      sinefungin and a Km of 27 +/- 2 microM for AdoMet were obtained; these values
      were in good agreement with previous determinations made with a gas
      chromatographic assay. When other nucleosides were tested as inhibitors, the
      following order of decreasing activity was found: sinefungin greater than S
      adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) greater than AdoHcy sulfoxide greater than S-n
      butyladenosine greater than 3-deaza-adenosylhomocysteine greater than S
      isobutyladenosine greater than S-isobutyl-1-deazaadenosine. In contrast, S
      isobutyl-3-deazaadenosine, S-isobutyl-7-deazaadenosine, 3-deazaadenosine, and
      adenosine were not inhibitory.

PMID- 4025820
TI  - Method for extraction of proteins from green plant tissues for two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - A method has been developed for the extraction of proteins from green plant
      tissues to be used in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three
      purification steps were necessary to overcome the problems due to streaking,
      charge heterogeneity, and other artifacts: After it was ground in liquid
      nitrogen, the powdered material was stirred in the presence of insoluble
      polyvinylpyrrolidone for binding phenols, and sodium ascorbate for binding
      quinones; proteins were precipitated with ammonium sulfate, and the sample was
      dialyzed. Hundreds of proteins could be detected after Coomassie blue staining
      using 200 micrograms of proteins from apical buds of Sinapis alba L.

PMID- 4025821
TI  - Destruction of cyanogen bromide and inorganic cyanides.
AB  - Cyanogen bromide in water and seven organic solvents and sodium cyanide in water
      may safely and efficiently (greater than 99.7%) be destroyed using sodium
      hydroxide (1 M) solution and commercially available sodium or calcium
      hypochlorite. Details are given of an analytical procedure which can be used to
      check the final reaction mixture for the presence of residual cyanogen bromide or
      cyanide.

PMID- 4025822
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate the elastin crosslink
      desmosine in tissue and urine samples.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method has been developed for the
      determination of desmosine. The method is based on an inhibition immunoassay
      (under nonequilibrium conditions) and uses rabbit antisera directed against a
      desmosine-bovine serum albumin conjugate and microtiter plates coated with
      desmosine-gelatin conjugate. The assay quantitates desmosine in the range 2.5-50
      pmol in tissue and urine samples. Important applications of this rapid and
      sensitive assay are in studying elastin metabolism and in screening for
      monoclonal antibodies against desmosine. Methods are described for obtaining a
      constant level of substitution of desmosine per molecule of bovine serum albumin
      and for preparing a desmosine-gelatin coating antigen. Five different antibody
      preparations directed against desmosine exhibit 15-20% cross-reactivity toward
      pyridinoline (3-hydroxypyridinium), a nonreducible collagen crosslinking compound
      also present in urine and many tissue samples.

PMID- 4025823
TI  - Gold labeling of thrombin and ultrastructural studies of thrombin-gold conjugate
      binding by fibrin.
AB  - Monodispersed thrombin-gold (T-Au) conjugates were prepared by the absorption of
      a monolayer (3.8 nm thick) of human alpha-thrombin around individual
      monodispersed colloidal gold particles (16.5 +/- 1.8 nm). Like free molecular
      thrombin, T-Au conjugates can cause platelet aggregation, plasma clotting, and
      the release of fibrinopeptides A and B from fibrinogen. At the same thrombin
      concentration, T-Au conjugates have only one-tenth the fibrinogen-clotting
      activity of free thrombin and one-third the amidolytic activity of free thrombin.
      Hirudin can completely inhibit the fibrinogen-clotting activity of both T-Au
      conjugates and free thrombin, but can inhibit only half of the amidolytic
      activity of the conjugates. Diisopropyl fluorophosphonate can completely inhibit
      the fibrinogen-clotting activity and the amidolytic activity of both T-Au
      conjugates and free thrombin. T-Au conjugates were further characterized by
      studying the mechanism of their binding to fibrin and the location of the binding
      site on fibrin. The results of electron microscopic studies showed that T-Au
      conjugates, but not albumin-Au conjugates, are bound by fibrin. Increasing T-Au
      conjugate concentrations are associated with an increase in the number of T-Au
      conjugates binding to fibrin. At 0.1 microM thrombin, 73% of the T-Au conjugates
      are bound to branch points of the fibrin network with 27% of the T-Au conjugates
      present in the fibrin strands. At higher thrombin concentration (e.g., 0.5
      microM) the percentage of T-Au conjugates bound to locations other than branch
      points increases to 62%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025824
TI  - Release of a fluorescent probe as an indicator of lysosomal granule secretion by
      thrombin-stimulated human platelets.
AB  - Investigations in this laboratory have demonstrated that thrombin induces dose
      dependent changes in the transmembrane electrical potential of gel-filtered human
      platelets. This change is monitored with the fluorescent lipophilic cation, 3,3'
      dipropylthiodicarbocyanine (diS-C3-(5], whose rapid release from the platelet
      (maximal within 30 s) correlates with a rapid, dose-dependent influx of sodium, a
      depolarization, and an increase in the intracellular pH. There is also a later
      release of this probe, detectable only 60 s after activation by thrombin. It is
      shown that this latter probe release is also thrombin dose dependent, and
      correlates in time course and extent with the secretion of beta-glucuronidase
      from the platelet's lysosomal granules, implying that it corresponds to probe
      sequestered in these granules in the resting platelet. Such a conclusion is
      corroborated by the fact that both the thrombin-induced secondary release of diS
      C3-(5) and the secretion of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase, are
      inhibitable to the same extent by pretreatment of the probe-equilibrated
      platelets with valinomycin, a K+ ionophore, are partially inhibited to a
      comparable extent when thrombin is removed from the platelet membrane by an
      excess of hirudin within 15 s of activation, and are unaffected by amiloride, a
      Na+ blocking agent. We suggest therefore that some of the membrane potential
      probe diS-C3-(5) is accumulated by the platelet lysosomal granules and is
      secreted when the platelets are stimulated by the high doses of thrombin which
      induce lysosomal enzyme secretion. This secondary dye release is linearly
      proportional to, and can be used as a continuous and quantitative indicator of,
      the thrombin-induced lysosomal enzyme secretion by human platelets.

PMID- 4025825
TI  - Comparison of controlled pore glass and Kieselguhr-polydimethylacrylamide
      composite as supports for solid-phase synthesis of 23-residue
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides in milligram amounts.
AB  - Two 23-residue oligodeoxyribonucleotides, corresponding to both strands of a DNA
      duplex at the OR3 site of bacteriophage lambda, have been synthesized in good
      yields and in milligram quantities by a solid-phase phosphotriester method using
      two different supports, Kieselguhr-polydimethylacrylamide composite and
      controlled pore glass. Rapid purification was possible using high-performance
      liquid chromatography on radial compression ion-exchange columns. The results and
      utility of the two supports are compared.

PMID- 4025826
TI  - Elimination of the settling artifact in the nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy of living cells.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has become a powerful tool for metabolic
      investigations on living cell suspensions. However, unless mechanical means are
      used to maintain the cells in dispersion, settling occurs during the NMR
      experiment. Because high packed-cell volumes are generally used to produce
      maximum NMR signals, settling may be inapparent to the eye, leading to
      unrecognized artifactual changes in NMR spectra. Such artifacts include time
      dependent loss of signal intensity when the sample volume approximates the
      sensitive volume of the NMR probe, and time-dependent increase in signal
      intensity when the sample volume exceeds the sensitive volume. Through the
      addition of the polysaccharide arabinogalactan, increasing the buoyant density of
      the suspending medium to approach that of the cells, we have eliminated cell
      settling and improved the quality of 31P NMR spectra of human erythrocytes.

PMID- 4025827
TI  - A method for measuring both glutamine and glutamate levels and stable isotopic
      enrichments.
AB  - A method is described for measuring separately glutamine and glutamate levels and
      stable isotopic enrichment in plasma or whole blood samples by gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry (GCMS). Deuterated internal standards are used for the
      quantitation via reverse isotope dilution and are added to plasma samples
      immediately upon sample collection. The samples are then applied to miniature
      anion-exchange columns to separate glutamine and glutamate, and the separated
      fractions are derivatized for GCMS analysis. The internal standards serve not
      only to quantitate both amino acids by reverse isotope dilution, but also to
      correct for glutamine deamidation to glutamate during sample storage and
      handling. Glutamine and glutamate are quantitated from plasma with typical
      precisions of 1 and 16%, respectively. Plasma glutamine and glutamate amino-15N
      enrichments are determined with precisions of 2 and 12%, respectively. The
      precision of the glutamate measurements for whole blood is typically 6%, where
      the glutamate levels are higher. This method uses inexpensive columns, allows
      simultaneous processing of multiple samples, and requires minimal volumes of
      plasma (250 microliter).

PMID- 4025828
TI  - Flow injection amperometric determination of ascorbic acid and dopamine at a
      sessile mercury drop electrode without deoxygenation.

PMID- 4025829
TI  - Flow injection amperometric determination of nitroprusside at a glassy carbon
      electrode and at a sessile mercury drop electrode.

PMID- 4025830
TI  - Unusual electrochemical behaviour of a new phenothiazine.

PMID- 4025831
TI  - Comparison of tubular polymeric pH and ammonium ion electrodes as detectors in
      the automated determination of ammonia.

PMID- 4025832
TI  - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of muramic acid content and
      pyrolysis profiles for a group of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 4025833
TI  - Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of o-dihydroxybenzene
      derivatives.

PMID- 4025834
TI  - A simple supersonic jet fluorimeter with a xenon arc lamp.

PMID- 4025835
TI  - Second Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium. Leeds, UK, July 10-13,
      1984.

PMID- 4025836
TI  - Determination of aluminium in biological materials by constant-temperature
      graphite furnace atomic-emission spectrometry.

PMID- 4025837
TI  - Determination of mercury in Chinese medicinal pills by cold vapour atomic
      absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 4025838
TI  - Controlled-dispersion flow analysis with atomic-absorption detection for the
      determination of clinically relevant elements.

PMID- 4025839
TI  - [Measurement of sperm motility by Laser-Doppler-spectroscopy in routine andrology
      lab tests].
AB  - Sperm motility of 177 ejaculates from the andrology laboratory, University Clinic
      for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graz/Austria, was evaluated in a comparative
      study. Motility was measured by Laser-Doppler-Spectroscopy (Lazymot) and by means
      of conventional microscopic estimations. For the first time results gained with
      Lazymot have been associated to different spermiogram diagnoses. In addition to
      measurements of percentages of total sperm motility, evaluations of mean sperm
      motility in micron/sec. have been performed. Correlation of results was good for
      both methods, besides the problem groups of ejaculates with sperm densities below
      ten millions of spermatozoa per milliliter. Motility characteristics of
      spermatozoa in an in vitro-Fertilization-Program have been subject to objective
      measurements with Lazymot for the first time. An enhancement of total motility
      (16%) and of mean spermatozoal velocity (36%) could be observed in the
      fertilization media after capacitation. Laser-Doppler-Spectroscopy represents a
      reliable and fast method for motility determinations in human ejaculate. It is
      suited for research purposes as well as for andrologic routine work. The
      operation of the Lazymot is considered to be unproblematic.

PMID- 4025840
TI  - The kinetic of acrosome reaction--an additional sperm parameter?
AB  - Spermatozoa of six men with normozoospermia, oligozoospermia and teratozoospermia
      were capacitated in vitro in modified Tyrode's medium und evaluated for acrosome
      reaction using the recently described triple-stain technique. The resulting
      kinetics illustrate the different capacitation behaviour and ability of
      spermatozoa to undergo acrosome reaction. The data were completed by the movement
      characteristics of spermatozoa during the incubation period. The kinetic of
      acrosome reaction seems to be an important functional sperm parameter that may be
      useful to discriminate between fertile and infertile spermatozoa.

PMID- 4025842
TI  - [Crossed sperm-penetration-meter test. Prognostic value in male subfertility].
AB  - 57 infertile couples with "unknown" or "therapy resistant" infertility were
      investigated by the double crossed sperm-penetration-meter-test (SPM-test). The
      results of the SPM-test were compared with the results of the postcoital-tests,
      the duration of infertility, and the male and female diagnosis of infertility.
      Postcoital tests and SPM-tests showed only in 63% of cases corresponding results.
      The ability of the spermatozoa to penetrate cervical mucus was directly depending
      from the number of progressively motile spermatozoa per ml, and no connection
      could be found between the results of the SPM-test and the gynecological
      findings. The investigations showed that the primary diagnosis of infertility can
      be extended by the SPM-test respectively in many cases of so-called "unknown
      infertility" where a disturbed spermatozoa-mucus-interaction has to be
      postulated.

PMID- 4025841
TI  - Some preliminary observations on the liquefaction of human semen.
AB  - Liquefaction of human semen in vitro was studied by scanning electron microscopy,
      determinations of total protein, free amino acid and phosphate and by correlation
      analysis. During liquefaction of the coagulum, its fibers were transformed into
      globular bodies that fused to form the homogeneous liquefied semen. It was found
      that the parts of the ejaculate taking more time to liquefy possessed higher
      concentration of protein than those of the parts liquefied earlier, a relation
      also appeared to exist with the whole ejaculates. Release rate of phosphate
      during macroscopic lysis and free reducing sugar level of ejaculates demonstrated
      significant negative correlations with liquefaction time which could be shortened
      using reductants.

PMID- 4025843
TI  - Effect of glycerol and cryopreservation on oocyte penetration by human
      spermatozoa.
AB  - A poor penetration rate of glycerol-treated, cryopreserved human spermatozoa as
      compared to untreated fresh control, was observed in the zona-free hamster oocyte
      test. Similarly, glycerol treatment of freshly ejaculated spermatozoa depressed
      the penetration rate unless the culture medium also contained glycerol.
      Immediately after thawing, glycerol-treated, cryopreserved spermatozoa possessed
      adequate progressive motility, but their incubation in glycerol-free culture
      medium caused a severe reduction in motility. Even if the same number of
      progressively motile, cryopreserved, glycerol-treated spermatozoa as unfrozen
      spermatozoa were added to the eggs, a much lower penetration rate was obtained by
      the treated spermatozoa. It is concluded that spermatozoa develop a glycerol
      dependence and that removal of glycerol from the surrounding medium, as most
      likely occurs when spermatozoa pass through the cervix, reduces both the motility
      and the ability of spermatozoa to become capacitated and fuse with oocytes. Thus,
      glycerol is not an optimal cryopreservative agent. Further, the decreased oocyte
      penetration rate of glycerol-treated, cryopreserved spermatozoa is due to other
      factors besides the decrease in sperm motility.

PMID- 4025844
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of citric acid, inositol and
      fructose in boar and bull seminal plasma.
AB  - The efficiency of ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) in the routine analysis of dialysable sugar alcohols, organic acids and
      carbohydrates in boar and bull seminal plasma is evaluated. Permitting a simple
      and rapid separation of protein-free samples, ultrafiltration reduces the time of
      HPLC analysis by 40 minutes as compared to protein precipitation by means of
      methanol. Under optimal flow-conditions the separation of citric acid, inositol
      and fructose is achieved in 16 minutes. Moreover, the use of silicon-oil for
      separating seminal plasma within seconds is described.

PMID- 4025845
TI  - Classification of the semen of the male partners of infertile Nigerian couples.
AB  - Semen samples from 500 Nigerian male partners of infertile couples were
      classified according to their sperm counts and progressive motility. 74.15% of
      these men were normozoospermic while 16.19, 5.57 and 4.09% were azoospermic,
      necrozoospermic and asthenozoospermic, respectively. The degree of
      oligozoospermia was mild (35.88%), severe (23.22%) or very severe (40.90%). The
      classifications of two consecutive samples per patient collected two weeks apart
      were highly correlated. Results show that in over 70% of these infertile couples,
      infertility was due to a female factor, the absence of which therefore has to be
      established before semen analysis. Some socioeconomic factors in infertility were
      also implied.

PMID- 4025846
TI  - Gonadal response to psychosocial stress in male tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri)
      morphometry of testis, epididymis and prostate.
AB  - Male tree shrews (46 animals in all) were kept under distinct social conditions.
      Two kinds of controls were investigated: isolated animals as well as males out of
      female/male couples. Comparing these two groups only little isolation effect was
      observed. With the other individuals, initially isolated, dyads were formed which
      coexisted for 7 or 50 days. In a third group of dyads, after 50 days of
      coexistence social circumstances were aggravated for 5 more days by providing
      only half of the cage. All dyads established clear cut dominance relationship.
      Animals behaving dominantly developed no signs of gonadal regression rather that
      of stimulation concerning especially with the epididymis. In contrast, animals
      behaving as subordinates revealed profound regressive changes although
      differentiated with respect to any parameter, both morphological and conditional.
      In testis, chronical subordination (50 days, mainly 50 + 5 days) leads to a loss
      of organ weight, narrowing of seminiferous tubules and to enlarged spermatogonia
      nuclei. The case is similar in the epididymis: loss of organ weight, lowered
      epithelium and an enormously increased frequency of immature germ cells within
      tail segments. Whereas prostate weight drops continuously, striking histological
      regression occurs already after 7 days (extreme diminution of epithelial height
      and of epithelial cell nuclei).

PMID- 4025847
TI  - Alkylating agents and mouse spermatogenesis: effects of a single dose of
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Cyclophosphamide (CFA) is one of the alkylating agents which has now been used
      with some success in the treatment of human neoplasias and renal disease. To
      evaluate how this drug could affect the seminiferous epithelium, a single dose of
      CFA (200 mg/kg/weight) was given to twenty adult mice (strain A/SW). The effect
      of the drug was compared with a control group to which physiological saline
      solution was injected. Mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at four
      different time intervals after the drug administration in order to evaluate the
      action of the drug in different stages of spermatogenesis. The effect of the drug
      was appreciated as soon as four days after its administration. The initial damage
      to the epithelium was characterized by vacuolization of the Sertoli cells. Of all
      germ cells, primary spermatocytes showed the highest sensitivity to the drug. A
      high percent of teratozoospermia in the experimental group, when compared to the
      control group, was observed at all time intervals. The way CFA affects the
      morphology of mammalian spermatozoa and the usefulness of the animal model
      presented are discussed.

PMID- 4025848
TI  - Chromosomal analysis and health status of children conceived to men during or
      following dibromochloropropane-induced spermatogenic suppression.
AB  - Although the mutagenic effect of Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) on experimental
      mammal systems has been described, its possible effect on the human genome has
      not yet been investigated. The present study describes the results of chromosomal
      analysis and health evaluation of offspring conceived to families during and
      after paternal exposure to DBCP. Ten children conceived during or following
      severe exposure and four who were conceived prior to DBCP exposure were
      evaluated. The chromosomal constitution of peripheral lymphocytes was normal in
      all cases. The mode of delivery, birth weight, physical examination and growth
      pattern were normal. No congenital malformations were detected. One spontaneous
      abortion out of 23 pregnancies was recorded. These results suggest that paternal
      exposure to DBCP, severe enough to cause azoospermia or oligozoospermia did not
      alter the paternal sperm genome or the chromosomal constitution of offspring
      conceived during or after exposure. This is further supported by the excellent
      health and lack of malformations among the children, along with the low rate of
      spontaneous abortions in the families studied.

PMID- 4025849
TI  - Effect of intratesticular administration of serum on the physiological status of
      rat testis.
AB  - The effect of loss of integrity of seminiferous tubules on intracellular
      mechanisms in the testis of rats was studied after intratesticular administration
      of homologous serum. The increased weights of ventral prostate, seminal vesicles
      and increased activity of beta glucuronidase in kidney reflected an increased
      availability of testosterone to the target organs. The pulse labelling of 32P in
      the nucleic acid fraction of testis was significantly increased. The
      concentration of testicular DNA was increased while the ascorbic acid was
      slightly decreased. Activities of the lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and
      beta glucuronidase increased. The involvement of lysosomal enzymes in the
      testicular function under altered condition was indicated.

PMID- 4025850
TI  - Fresh frozen plasma: too few indications--too much use.

PMID- 4025851
TI  - Morphine--caffeine analgesic interaction in rats.
AB  - The ability of caffeine to modify the effect of morphine on motor response to
      noxious stimulation was studied in 195 rat experiments. Motor reaction responses
      to noxious stimuli were studied in three series of experiments with three
      different techniques of mechanical tail stimulation. In each series of
      experiments, dose-response curves for morphine (probit analysis) were determined
      with and without the addition of caffeine (30 mg X kg-1). It was found that
      caffeine decreased morphine ED50 values in all three series of experiments, from
      1.1 to 0.6 mg X kg-1 (P less than 0.002), from 3.2 to 2.5 mg X kg-1 (P less than
      0.01), and from 13.2 to 6.2 mg X kg-1 (P less than 0.002). When caffeine was used
      alone in a dose of 30 mg X kg-1, there were no significant changes in motor
      reaction responses with any of the three methods applied for the assessment of
      morphine-caffeine combinations. These data indicate that caffeine potentiates the
      inhibitory effect of morphine on motor response to noxious stimulation in rats.
      It has been suggested that the effect of morphine on the motor response to
      somatic noxious stimulation results primarily from activation of inhibitory
      control systems concerned with this response. Caffeine may modulate the
      antinociceptive effect of morphine by stimulating one of these systems.

PMID- 4025852
TI  - Response differences of paretic and healthy extremities to pancuronium and
      neostigmine in hemiplegic patients.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine differences in train-of-four (TOF)
      ratios between paretic and healthy extremities after pancuronium and neostigmine
      administration in 31 patients with hemiparesis. The TOF ratios on the paretic
      side after pancuronium administration were greater than those on the healthy side
      in all patients. Patients were classified according to the size of the difference
      in the TOF ratio on both sides. In group 1, differences in TOF ratios were
      greater than 20%, and in group 2, they were less than 20%. Fifteen of 17 patients
      in group 1 had hemiparesis for over three weeks, and in group 2, 10 of 14
      patients had hemiparesis for less than three weeks. Patients with flaccid
      hemiparesis were distributed equally in both groups, while all patients with
      spastic hemiparesis belonged to group 1. The difference in increase in TOF ratios
      after neostigmine was the same as the difference in decrease produced by
      pancuronium.

PMID- 4025853
TI  - Etomidate versus thiopental for induction of anesthesia.
AB  - Hemodynamic changes and side effects of anesthesia induction with etomidate or
      thiopental were evaluated in 83 ASA class I or II patients. Patients were
      randomly assigned to one of 12 groups according to pretreatment drug (fentanyl,
      100 micrograms, or normal saline intravenously), induction agent (etomidate, 0.4
      mg/kg, or thiopental, 4 mg/kg), and maintenance anesthetic technique (isoflurane
      oxygen, isoflurane-nitrous oxide-oxygen, or fentanyl-nitrous oxide-oxygen). The
      purpose of this experiment, of factorial design, was to evaluate the combined
      effects of two or more experimental variables used simultaneously and to observe
      interaction effects. There were significant increases in heart rate in all
      groups, especially after tracheal intubation. These increases were attenuated but
      not eliminated by fentanyl pretreatment. Systolic arterial blood pressure
      increased significantly after intubation and was not affected either by fentanyl
      pretreatment or by the induction agent. Patients in whom anesthesia was induced
      with etomidate had a greater incidence of pain on injection and myoclonus and a
      lesser incidence of apnea than patients in whom anesthesia was induced with
      thiopental. Fentanyl pretreatment significantly decreased the incidence of pain
      on injection and myoclonus, but it increased the incidence of apnea when
      anesthesia was induced with etomidate. The incidence of postoperative nausea and
      vomiting was similar after thiopental and etomidate and was unaffected by
      fentanyl pretreatment. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025854
TI  - Bupivacaine cardiovascular toxicity: comparison of treatment with bretylium and
      lidocaine.
AB  - Using anesthetized dogs, this study compared treatment with lidocaine or
      bretylium for bupivacaine-induced cardiovascular toxicity. Pentobarbital
      anesthetized and -ventilated dogs (n = 10) were given a bolus dose of
      bupivacaine, 4 mg/kg, and a constant infusion of 0.2 mg X kg-1 X min-1 to produce
      steady-state serum levels of 7.1 +/- 1.8 microgram/ml of bupivacaine. Using burst
      ventricular pacing, the ventricular tachycardia threshold was determined, along
      with hemodynamic and electrophysiologic parameters. The animals were then treated
      with bretylium, 20 mg/kg (n = 5), or lidocaine, 2 mg/kg, followed by a continuous
      infusion of lidocaine, 0.1 mg X kg-1 X min-1 (n = 5). Bupivacaine-induced
      alterations in cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, and systemic vascular
      resistance were corrected by bretylium but not lidocaine. Bupivacaine caused a
      significant lowering of the ventricular tachycardia threshold, which was
      consistently raised by bretylium, while lidocaine was either ineffective or
      caused a further lowering of the threshold. Bupivacaine caused a significant
      increase in the Q-TU interval and resulted in an undulating polymorphic
      ventricular tachycardia, similar to that seen in Torsades de Pointes.

PMID- 4025855
TI  - Differential spread of blockade of touch, cold, and pinprick during spinal
      anesthesia.
AB  - The differential levels of sensory blockade of pinprick, cold, and touch were
      monitored throughout the course of spinal anesthesia administered to 50 patients
      to determine variations in the degree of spread during onset, plateau, and
      regression, and to establish the effects of epinephrine and the effect of posture
      during injection. A significant difference was observed between the dermatomal
      level of sensory loss of touch and the dermatomal level of loss of either
      pinprick or cold during onset, at 5 min in patients given tetracaine with
      epinephrine, at time of maximum spread in patients given tetracaine with
      epinephrine or in the sitting position, and in all groups during regression. Loss
      of touch began later, never extended as far cephalad, and regressed sooner. The
      extent of this difference was greatest during regression, when the anesthetic was
      given to patients in the sitting position, after epinephrine. The level at which
      the sense of touch was lost seemed to mark the limits of the zone of solid spinal
      anesthesia; these limits could not be assessed effectively using pinprick. We
      propose that loss of touch sensation be used to assess whether anesthesia is
      adequate to avoid tourniquet pain. If there is loss of touch sensation above the
      L1 dermatome, it is unlikely that tourniquet pain will occur.

PMID- 4025856
TI  - Hemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses to epinephrine-containing perianal
      lidocaine anesthesia.
AB  - Despite the frequent use of large volumes (30-40 ml) of epinephrine-containing
      local anesthetic solutions for ano-rectal surgery, little is known about the
      anesthetic-induced hemodynamic consequences. Therefore, we measured the heart
      rate, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamine (norepinephrine and epinephrine)
      responses to the perianal injection of 40 ml of 0.5% lidocaine alone (n = 8) or
      0.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine (n = 10) in 18 healthy adults
      undergoing outpatient ano-rectal surgery. The mean +/- SEM plasma epinephrine
      concentration increased from a baseline of 42 +/- 7 pg/ml to a peak of 622 +/- 94
      pg/ml 4 min after injection of epinephrine-containing anesthetic (P less than
      0.001), whereas lidocaine alone increased the mean plasma value from 36 +/- 9
      pg/ml (baseline) to only 69 +/- 16 pg/ml (not significantly different) at its
      peak. Despite the increases in plasma epinephrine levels in the group receiving
      epinephrine-containing anesthesia, no changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or
      plasma norepinephrine levels were observed. Given the advantages (including
      prolongation of the duration of anesthesia) of adding epinephrine to perianal
      local anesthetics, our data support its safe use in healthy adults.

PMID- 4025857
TI  - Paraplegia caused by spinal angioma--possible association with epidural
      analgesia.

PMID- 4025858
TI  - Balanced anesthesia: does it anesthetize?

PMID- 4025859
TI  - Myoclonus on recovery from etomidate.

PMID- 4025860
TI  - Anaphylactoid reaction to pancuronium.

PMID- 4025861
TI  - Hypokalemia and cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 4025862
TI  - Chronic hypokalemia and intraoperative dysrhythmias.
AB  - To investigate whether chronic hypokalemia increases the occurrence of
      dysrhythmias during anesthesia, the authors recorded the intraoperative
      electrocardiograms of normokalemic (K+ = 5.0 -3.5 mEq/l; N = 88) and chronically
      hypokalemic patients (K+ = 3.4 - 2.6 mEq/l; N = 62). In each patient, serum
      potassium was measured and a 12-lead ECG was analyzed prior to surgery. No
      patient received potassium perioperatively. Lead II was monitored continuously
      during anesthesia, either by a Holter monitor (N = 81) or by a trained observer
      (N = 69). A variety of general anesthetic techniques were utilized, without
      consideration for the potassium level. The hypokalemic population had a higher
      incidence of hypertensive and ASA Class III patients (P = 0.03). Analysis of
      variance revealed no significant difference in the incidence of other
      characteristics between the hypokalemic and normokalemic groups: age, hypoxemia,
      cardiac disease, preoperative dysrhythmias, digitalis therapy, surgical site,
      anesthetic agent, and intubation. The method of ECG monitoring did not affect the
      incidence of dysrhythmias recorded. Multivariate analysis revealed that the
      occurrence of intraoperative dysrhythmias correlated with the presence of
      preoperative dysrhythmias only. The authors conclude that chronic hypokalemia per
      se is not associated with a higher incidence of intraoperative dysrhythmias.

PMID- 4025864
TI  - Chemistry of halothane-enflurane mixtures applied to anesthesia.
AB  - The authors obtained boiling point-composition data and vapor pressure
      composition data for the halothane-enflurane system at 20 degrees C and 25
      degrees C. This was used to demonstrate the existence of an azeotropic mixture of
      halothane and enflurane and to predict the output of an enflurane vaporizer
      contaminated with different amounts of halothane and a halothane vaporizer
      contaminated with different amounts of enflurane. The study was undertaken
      because the information allows a comprehensive description of the behavior of a
      contaminated vaporizer and the required data were not previously available. It
      was shown that an enflurane vaporizer contaminated with halothane delivers
      potentially dangerous mixtures of the two agents, whereas an enflurane
      contaminated halothane vaporizer does not pose a serious problem. It was
      concluded that when halothane and enflurane vaporizers are mounted in series, the
      halothane should be downstream. It is explained why the halothane-enflurane
      azeotrope is unlikely to be useful clinically.

PMID- 4025863
TI  - Bupivacaine toxicity in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes.
AB  - The relative central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity of bupivacaine
      was compared in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes during continuous infusion of
      bupivacaine into the jugular vein at the rate of 0.5 mg X kg-1 X min-1. In all
      animals, identical symptoms of toxicity occurred in the following order:
      convulsions, hypotension, respiratory arrest, and circulatory collapse. The dose
      of bupivacaine required to produce central nervous system (CNS) toxicity in the
      pregnant ewe tended to be lower than in the nonpregnant animal, although the
      difference was not statistically significant (P less than 0.1). However, the mean
      dose of bupivacaine resulting in cardiovascular collapse was significantly lower
      in pregnant ewes (5.1 +/- 0.7 mg/kg) than in nonpregnant animals (8.9 +/- 0.9
      mg/kg). Similarly, bupivacaine blood concentrations at the onset of respiratory
      arrest and circulatory collapse were lower in the pregnant group, being 5.2 +/-
      0.7 micrograms/ml and 5.5 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, versus 7.5 +/- 1.0
      microgram/ml and 8.0 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the nonpregnant
      group (P less than 0.05). The concentration of bupivacaine in the brain of
      pregnant ewes at the time of cardiovascular collapse was significantly lower (P
      less than 0.01) than in the nonpregnant group (7.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 16.3 +/- 1.7
      micrograms/g). The myocardial tissue concentration of bupivacaine also tended to
      be lower in the pregnant group, although the differences were not statistically
      significant (P less than 0.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025865
TI  - Differential effect of nerve fiber structure on block by local anesthetic.
AB  - The incidence of conduction block by lidocaine 0.3 mmol/l (8.1 mg/dl) in several
      successive lengths of individual afferent axons of rabbit was compared. The
      conduction velocity of the axons was either "slow," "intermediate" (1.3-4 m/s),
      or "fast." The "intermediate" group showed a higher incidence of proximal
      acceleration of conduction (P less than 0.001) and a greater incidence of block
      (P less than 0.001) than the "slow" and "fast" fiber groups. The results were
      interpreted as indicating that the fibers of the "intermediate" group had an
      unmyelinated peripheral and a myelinated proximal length, with a junctional
      heminodal region that was the seat of the high sensitivity to block. The
      potential clinical significance of the observation is discussed in terms of the
      known distribution of heminodes in the peripheral nervous system.

PMID- 4025866
TI  - Cardiovascular and pharmacodynamic effects of high-dose fentanyl in newborn
      piglets.
AB  - To understand better the hemodynamic effects of fentanyl anesthesia on the
      developing newborn, the authors studied the changes in cardiac output and its
      four determinants (preload, afterload, heart rate, and contractility) and plasma
      fentanyl kinetics in newborn piglets following the administration of high-dose
      fentanyl with or without atropine premedication. Twenty-five healthy farm piglets
      were divided into four groups. Hemodynamic studies were conducted on five who
      received 50 micrograms/kg intravenous fentanyl, five controls who received only
      0.01-0.03 mg/kg intravenous atropine, and nine who received both agents. Fentanyl
      pharmacokinetics were determined by radioimmunoassay in six additional piglets.
      Mean plasma fentanyl concentrations were 25.4, 12.7, and 7.9 ng/ml at 5, 15, and
      30 min postbolus, respectively, with an elimination phase half-life of 35.8 min.
      In piglets given fentanyl alone, the maximum significant (P less than 0.05)
      hemodynamic changes from baseline occurred at 5 min: mean aortic pressure (MAP)
      +42%, cardiac output -42%, heart rate -36%, left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure +81%, and total peripheral resistance index +93%. The latter four
      hemodynamic variables were highly correlated with the logarithm of the plasma
      fentanyl concentration (R2 greater than 0.96, P less than or equal to 0.05). In
      control animals given atropine alone, only MAP changed significantly (+12-14%)
      during the study. Contractile indices (echocardiographic shortening fraction and
      left ventricular peak dP/dT) did not change significantly in any group. Piglets
      given fentanyl-atropine had no significant hemodynamic change during the study
      other than a 7-15% increase in MAP.

PMID- 4025868
TI  - In vitro interaction between halothane and succinylcholine in human skeletal
      muscle: implications for malignant hyperthermia and masseter muscle rigidity.
AB  - This study examines in vitro the contractures induced by halothane and
      succinylcholine in skeletal muscle taken as biopsy specimens from 42 patients
      referred to the authors' laboratory for diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia (MH)
      susceptibility. In addition, possible differences between the response of
      preparations from these same patients with and without a history of masseter
      muscle rigidity following succinylcholine (SCh) administration were determined to
      investigate the in vitro relationship of masseter muscle rigidity to MH.
      Halothane 3%-induced contractures in preparations from MH susceptibles were
      similar, whether the group had a history of masseter muscle rigidity (1.15 +/-
      0.18 g; n = 10) or not (1.02 +/- 0.21 g; n = 14). Halothane did not induce
      significant contractures in those diagnosed as normals. Succinylcholine alone did
      not elicit contractures from preparations derived from MH susceptibles or
      nonsusceptibles. Succinylcholine induced significant contractures in all
      preparations preexposed to halothane. Preparations from MH-negative patients with
      a history of masseter muscle rigidity were rendered sensitive to halothane
      (contractures of 1.17 +/- 0.30 g; n = 4) when SCh was present. In contrast,
      halothane added in the presence of SCh did not induce contractures to the same
      extent in preparations from MH-negative patients without a history of masseter
      muscle rigidity. This is the first reported in vitro method by which to examine
      the clinically troublesome interaction between SCh and halothane. This approach
      also may prove to be important in further investigations of the relationship
      between masseter muscle rigidity and MH.

PMID- 4025867
TI  - Different effects of thiopental in severe hypoxia, total ischemia, and low-flow
      ischemia in rat heart muscle.
AB  - The effect of thiopental (100 mg X 1(-1] during total ischemia, low-flow
      ischemia, and severe hypoxia with maintained flow was investigated in the
      isolated perfused rat heart. During total ischemia the rate of decline of tissue
      creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate was no different in thiopental
      treated and untreated hearts. The development of ultrastructural damage during
      total ischemia, the release of creatine kinase on reperfusion, and the
      exacerbation of ultrastructural damage after reperfusion were unaffected by
      thiopental. When thiopental was added to the perfusate during hypoxia and during
      low-flow ischemia at a normal pH(7.4), creatine kinase release during
      reoxygenation and during reperfusion was significantly less (P less than 0.005
      and P less than 0.05, respectively) than in the untreated groups. After low-flow
      ischemia at a low pH (6.5), creatine kinase release was no different in
      thiopental-treated and untreated hearts. Thus, thiopental afforded protection of
      the myocardium in hypoxia and low-flow ischemia at pH 7.4 but not in total
      ischemia and low-flow ischemia at pH 6.5. The data are consistent with the
      hypothesis that during total ischemia and low-flow ischemia at pH 6.5, acidosis
      favors the entry of thiopental into the cell, causing inhibition of mitochondrial
      function and reduction of ATP production. During hypoxic perfusion and low-flow
      ischemia at pH 7.4, when the decrease in pH is less, the cardiodepressant effect
      of thiopental may offset any deleterious effect of the drug on intracellular
      organelles such as mitochondria.

PMID- 4025869
TI  - Perioperative hypothyroidism: an unusual postanesthetic diagnosis.

PMID- 4025870
TI  - Anesthetic considerations in cri du chat syndrome: a report of three cases.

PMID- 4025871
TI  - Pulse oximetry during one-lung ventilation.

PMID- 4025873
TI  - Airway obstruction after bilateral carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 4025872
TI  - Placental transfer of ephedrine does not affect neonatal outcome.

PMID- 4025874
TI  - Infrarenal aortic cross-clamping and renal hemodynamics.

PMID- 4025875
TI  - Drug security for emergency surgical procedures.

PMID- 4025876
TI  - Succinylcholine and polyneuropathy.

PMID- 4025877
TI  - Pharmacokinetic basis for the dose-dependent decline in the neuromuscular
      blocking effect of gallamine.

PMID- 4025878
TI  - An unusual difficulty in fiberoptic intubation.

PMID- 4025879
TI  - Simplified vasoactive drug infusion.

PMID- 4025880
TI  - The relationship between sympathoadrenal activity and extrarenal potassium
      regulation.

PMID- 4025881
TI  - Antiarrhythmic effect of verapamil may be independent of calcium channel
      blockade.

PMID- 4025882
TI  - The diagnosis of "junctional rhythms" with halogenated anesthetics.

PMID- 4025883
TI  - Computerized anesthesia records may have drawbacks.

PMID- 4025884
TI  - Bilateral amaurosis following unilateral retrobulbar block.

PMID- 4025885
TI  - Cerebrovascular adaptation to prolonged halothane anesthesia is not related to
      cerebrospinal fluid pH.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent effects of steady
      state halothane anesthesia on cerebrovascular variables and their relationship to
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pH. Eight mongrel dogs underwent a 7-h anesthetic,
      receiving halothane (1.0% end-tidal), O2 (50%), and balance N2. Cerebral blood
      flow (CBF) was measured by injection of radioactively labeled microspheres. CSF
      was sampled from the cisterna magna and cerebral venous blood from the superior
      sagittal sinus. Measurements were made at 2 h postinduction and hourly for 5 h
      thereafter. Total CBF at 2 h postinduction was 148 +/- 36 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1
      and showed a significant decay over the subsequent 5 h to 70 +/- 3 ml X 100 g-1 X
      min-1. Regional variations were noted, those areas with highest initial flows
      showing both a greater relative and absolute reduction in flow. Cerebral vascular
      resistance increased significantly (39%), as did mean arterial pressure (15%).
      CSF pH values remained constant throughout the experiment. Arterial blood acid
      base physiology was also unchanged. Sagittal sinus PCO2 increased significantly
      from 43 +/- 4 to 49 +/- 3 mmHg while sagittal sinus pH decreased from 7.31 +/-
      0.01 to 7.37 +/- 0.02, consistent with the normalization of CBF. Cerebral
      metabolic oxygen consumption did not change significantly. The authors conclude
      that time-dependent changes in cerebrovascular parameters under prolonged steady
      state halothane anesthesia are not due to changes in CSF pH and thus brain
      extracellular acid-base chemistry.

PMID- 4025886
TI  - The effect of high dose sodium thiopental on brain stem auditory and median nerve
      somatosensory evoked responses in humans.
AB  - Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (MnSSEPs), brain stem auditory
      evoked responses (BAERs), and the cortical electro-encephalogram (EEG) were
      recorded in six patients during a 62-min infusion of sodium thiopental (STP) at a
      rate of 1.25 mg X kg-1 X min-1 (total dose, 77.5 mg/kg). The EEG became
      isoelectric after 22 +/- 8 (SD) min of STP infusion. Dose-related changes in the
      latencies and amplitudes of various evoked response wave forms were observed.
      However, in no instance was any component of either the MnSSEP or the BAER
      rendered unobtainable by STP administration. For the MnSSEP, progressive
      increases in the central conduction time (5.33 +/- 0.41 ms preinduction vs. 7.46
      +/- 1.2 ms at t = 60 min) and in the latency of the cortical primary specific
      complex were observed simultaneously with significant reductions in the amplitude
      of the latter (2.10 +/- 0.85 muV preinduction vs. 0.85 +/- 0.55 muV at t = 60
      min). Changes in the latency and amplitude of the response recorded over the
      upper cervical spine (C2) were not statistically significant in this small
      population. For the BAER, progressive and significant increases in the latencies
      of Waves I, III, V (e.g., Wave V latency: 6.16 +/- 0.24 vs. 6.87 +/- 0.31 ms) and
      in the I-III, III-V, and the I-V interwave latencies were observed. The
      amplitudes of the BAER components were not significantly altered. The authors
      conclude that the administration of a dose of STP in excess of twice that
      required to produce EEG isoelectricity can be compatible with effective
      monitoring of MnSSEPs and BAERs. However, STP produces dose-related changes in
      both evoked response wave forms, which must be considered in the interpretation
      of responses elicited during STP anesthesia.

PMID- 4025887
TI  - Acute tolerance to fentanyl during anesthesia in dogs.
AB  - The effect of fentanyl on increases in heart rate and mean arterial pressure
      elicited by electric stimulation of a branch of the radial nerve was studied in
      anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated dogs. In one group, a bolus
      of 100 micrograms/kg of fentanyl depressed the evoked changes in heart rate and
      arterial pressure by 82 and 75%, respectively, by 5 min, and recovery occurred
      within 90 min. A second group was given increasing bolus doses of fentanyl from
      1.5 to 100 micrograms/kg every 20 min for 200 min. The doses and intervals were
      chosen to give a logarithmic increase in plasma concentration of fentanyl to
      include a final bolus dose of 100 micrograms/kg and were predicted by a two
      compartment pharmacokinetic model derived from data of the first group. In the
      second group, the bolus dose of 100 micrograms/kg after 5 min had no significant
      effect on evoked cardiovascular responses. Over the following 2 h, the evoked
      changes in heart rate and arterial pressure increased above those preceding the
      100 micrograms/kg dose. An additional bolus dose of 100 micrograms/kg given 2 h
      after the first did not depress the evoked reflexes below the control values. It
      was concluded that tolerance to the effects of fentanyl can occur within 3 h and
      that for evoked responses to arterial pressure, rebound withdrawal effects can be
      seen within an additional 90 min.

PMID- 4025888
TI  - Local cerebral glucose utilization during nitrous oxide and pentobarbital
      anesthesia in rats.
AB  - Local cerebral glucose utilization was measured in rats during nitrous oxide and
      pentobarbital anesthesia, using the 2-[14C]-deoxyglucose method. During nitrous
      oxide anesthesia, 67%, marked heterogeneity of glucose utilization was observed.
      During pentobarbital anesthesia (30 mg/kg), glucose utilization decreased, the
      decrease being pronounced in the structures where glucose utilization was high
      during nitrous oxide anesthesia. During combined use of nitrous oxide and
      pentobarbital (30 mg/kg), with an electroencephalogram (EEG) consisting of 4-6 Hz
      wave super-imposed by 10-15 Hz wave, glucose utilization was higher in many brain
      structures, including the midbrain reticular formation, than that observed during
      pentobarbital (30 mg/kg) anesthesia alone. With pentobarbital, 125 mg/kg, the EEG
      became nearly flat and a dose-related decrease in glucose utilization was
      observed in the cerebral cortices and inferior colliculus but not observed in any
      other structures. During the combined use of nitrous oxide and pentobarbital (125
      mg/kg), the EEG was nearly flat, and no statistically significant differences in
      glucose utilization were observed as compared with those during pentobarbital
      (125 mg/kg) anesthesia in any of the structures examined. The results suggest
      that nitrous oxide and pentobarbital affect local cerebral glucose metabolism
      differently and that nitrous oxide acts as cerebral metabolic stimulant in the
      presence of cortical function during pentobarbital anesthesia.

PMID- 4025889
TI  - Alterations in splenic lymphocyte subpopulations and increased mortality from
      sepsis following anesthesia in mice.
AB  - The authors evaluated the potential of a variety of anesthetics in mice to
      produce subsequent alterations in host defenses. Specific monoclonal antibodies
      and immunofluorescent microscopy were used to enumerate splenic helper/inducer:
      suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocyte ratios (HSR), and resistance to bacterial
      challenge was evaluated by a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Two hours
      of anesthesia with the intravenous agents ketamine and pentobarbital and with the
      inhalational agents isoflurane, enflurane, halothane, and halothane-nitrous
      oxide, were utilized. All anesthetics produced marked depression in the HSR,
      measured 24 h postanesthesia (P less than 0.05); with all agents, helper T-cell
      populations were decreased and suppressor populations increased. The HSR remained
      depressed 72 h postanesthetic, following both ketamine and halothane anesthesia
      (P less than 0.05). A dose-response curve was determined with enflurane;
      increasing the anesthetic time from 1 to 6 h resulted in progressively greater
      depression of the HSR 24 h later. Changes in lymphocyte subtypes of similar
      magnitude were found in mice after burn injury or hind limb crush injury and
      amputation, whereas simple laparotomy did not produce such changes. Serum
      corticosterone levels were not elevated 24 h post-anesthetic with enflurane,
      suggesting that the alterations were not nonspecific stress reactions. Resistance
      to sepsis was determined by measuring survival for 96 h after CLP. With CLP
      performed 24 h following 2 h anesthesia, mortality was increased from normal:
      control mortality 36.3%; ketamine 65.0% (P less than 0.023); isoflurane 69.5% (P
      less than 0.006); enflurane 84.2% (P less than 0.0002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4025890
TI  - Hepatic plasma flow during sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension in humans.
AB  - Changes in hepatic plasma flow (HPF) during sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced
      hypotension were studied in 14 patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm surgery
      under neurolept anesthesia. Patients were monitored with the use of a radial
      artery catheter and a thermistor-tipped Swan-Ganz catheter. Hypotension was
      induced with incremental increases in the rate of SNP infusion until a stable
      mean arterial pressure (MAP) 35-55 mmHg had been achieved. In one group (Group A)
      of 10 patients, indocyanine green (ICG) clearance was determined simultaneously
      with hemodynamic variables, before and during SNP hypotension. In a second group
      (Group B) of four patients, a catheter was inserted into a hepatic vein to
      determine the ICG hepatic extraction (HE) coefficient. In Group A, MAP decreased
      from 73 +/- 10 (SD) to 41 +/- 9 mmHg, while cardiac index (CI) decreased in six
      patients and increased in four patients. However, the mean value of CI did not
      change significantly. The mean value of ICG clearance was not significantly
      affected by SNP hypotension. Nevertheless, a positive linear correlation existed
      between individual variation in CI and ICG clearance (r = 0.96). On the other
      hand, no correlation was noted between the change in MAP and ICG clearance. In
      Group B patients, the ICG HE coefficient remained unchanged during SNP
      hypotension, suggesting that ICG clearance varies only according to the variation
      in HPF. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that HPF did not decrease, despite
      a range of 20-60% decrease in blood pressure when CI is maintained during SNP
      hypotension.

PMID- 4025891
TI  - Plasma concentrations of lidocaine and its principal metabolites during
      intermittent epidural anesthesia.
AB  - Plasma concentration-time courses of lidocaine and its principal metabolites
      (monoethylglycinexylidide, MEGX, and glycinexylidide, GX) were studied during
      intermittent epidural injections of lidocaine HCl in eight female patients (ASA
      status 1). The initial dose (320-400 mg without epinephrine) followed by top-up
      injections of about 60% of the mean initial dose every 35-55 min resulted in a
      plasma accumulation of lidocaine: the peak concentration increased from 2.30 +/-
      0.46 (mean +/- SD) microgram/ml following the first injection and 3.34 +/- 0.76
      microgram/ml after the second, to 4.11 +/- 0.72 microgram/ml following the third.
      The maximum concentrations of MEGX and GX were 0.66 +/- 0.22 and 0.28 +/- 0.08
      microgram/ml, respectively. A pharmacokinetic model could successfully fit the
      entire plasma concentration-time profile of lidocaine during repeated epidural
      injections (r2 = 0.886 to 0.983). Such pharmacokinetic variables as elimination
      half-life (t1/2, 2.33 +/- 0.43 h), apparent volume of distribution divided by
      bioavailability (Vd/F, 2.51 +/- 0.61 l/kg), and clearance divided by
      bioavailability (Cl/F, 11.65 +/- 1.21 ml X kg-1 X min-1) obtained from the female
      patients were in reasonable agreement with those reported from healthy females
      receiving the intravenous lidocaine HCl. A computer-aided simulation generated
      from using the mean kinetic data in a 50-kg woman predicted that plasma lidocaine
      concentration would reach the postulated toxic range (approximately equal to 6
      microgram/ml) after the fourth supplementary dose under a similar dosing scheme
      as performed in this study. In conclusion, an accumulation of lidocaine in plasma
      occurs during a usual intermittent epidural dosing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4025892
TI  - The use of a platelet nucleotide assay as a possible diagnostic test for
      malignant hyperthermia.
AB  - A bioassay, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of
      platelet adenosine nucleotides and hypoxanthine, was studied for its potential
      use as a test for MH susceptibility. A protocol for the assay was developed,
      based on the method outlined by Solomons and Masson. The HPLC procedure was a
      rapid, efficient, sensitive, and highly reproducible technique for measuring ATP,
      ADP, AMP, and hypoxanthine in platelets. Conditions of extraction and storage
      were critical for preventing degradation of the nucleotides. Extraction of
      nucleotides at icebath temperature was found necessary. Storage of platelet
      extract in PCA, even at -20 degrees C, showed loss of ATP and ADP; hence,
      neutralization with KOH was essential before storage. Contrary to the findings of
      Solomons et al., the present study demonstrated that neither ATP depletion nor
      per cent reduction in nucleotide ratios in platelets treated with halothane can
      be used as a definitive test for the diagnosis of MH susceptibility. The reason
      for this disagreement is unclear; however, differences in methods and altitude
      are implicated. It is possible that the platelet is not affected by malignant
      hyperthermia and thus cannot serve as a test system for the detection of the
      syndrome.

PMID- 4025893
TI  - Gas embolism produced by hydrogen peroxide irrigation of an anal fistula during
      anesthesia.

PMID- 4025894
TI  - Naloxone reversal of postoperative apnea in a premature infant.

PMID- 4025895
TI  - Intraoperative pacemaker complications.

PMID- 4025896
TI  - Subdural injection of local anesthetic: a complication of epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 4025897
TI  - Is there a risk of general anesthesia triggering SIDS? Possibly not!

PMID- 4025898
TI  - Another use for the plastic transparent dressing.

PMID- 4025899
TI  - Fixation of reinforced silicone tracheal tubes.

PMID- 4025900
TI  - Another potential failure in an oxygen delivery system.

PMID- 4025901
TI  - Possible pharmacologic trespass in pheochromocytoma patients.

PMID- 4025902
TI  - Use of petroleum jelly.

PMID- 4025903
TI  - Butorphanol and biliary spasm.

PMID- 4025904
TI  - Air embolism via a pulmonary artery catheter introducer.

PMID- 4025905
TI  - New endotracheal tube (Univent tube) for selective blockade of one lung.

PMID- 4025906
TI  - Medical alert--difficult intubation.

PMID- 4025907
TI  - Abstracts of scientific papers. 1985 annual meeting, American Society of
      Anesthesiologists.

PMID- 4025908
TI  - [Pharaoh's ant control by nest blockade].

PMID- 4025909
TI  - [Tactics and strategy of malaria control].
AB  - Tactics and strategy of malaria control. Both from the qualitative and
      quantitative point of view malaria can be regarded as one of the most serious
      medical problems of developing countries. In spite of decades of endeavours by
      the endemic countries and the World Health Organization using various tactics and
      strategies malaria prevalence and incidence could not be decreased essentially in
      tropical developing countries. The author analyses the reasons for this failure
      and gives realistic recommendations for lowering malaria morbidity and mortality
      taking into consideration the socio-economic conditions prevailing in the Third
      World.

PMID- 4025910
TI  - Coracidia agglutination reaction of pseudophyllid cestodes and its application in
      cestode studies.
AB  - The ability of cestode coracidia to agglutinate in homologous antiserum was
      established. The method of direct agglutination of coracidia (RDAC) in a culture
      of living larvae is described. The comparison of RDAC results in homologous and
      heterologous variants shows a dependence of the agglutination pattern on the
      degree of antiserum homology. By the example of RDAC of the cestodes
      Diphyllobothrium dentriticum and D. ditremum in polyvalent antisera and in
      antisera species-specific to D. dendriticum a possibility is shown of using RDAC
      in studies on species taxonomy of pseudophyllid cestodes.

PMID- 4025911
TI  - [Possibilities for controlling cockroaches in their hiding places].
AB  - Possibilities for cockroach control in cracks and crevices. A simple pinnozzle is
      described which allows crack and crevice treatment. The construction of the
      needle attachment allows its employment in usual application equipments. This
      method requires higher qualification of the pest control operator and more time
      for application. There are less residues on surfaces in food areas and utenils. A
      hand duster is suitable for dust application.

PMID- 4025912
TI  - [Pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon, disease and syndrome].

PMID- 4025913
TI  - [Importance of the inferior mesenteric artery in the revascularization of the
      ischemic hypogastric region].

PMID- 4025914
TI  - [Aortic surgery: analysis of 79 cases].

PMID- 4025915
TI  - [Phlebomanometry in the study of post-phlebitic syndrome].

PMID- 4025916
TI  - Hemodynamic factors changing blood flow velocity waveform and profile in normal
      human brachial artery.
AB  - We have investigated the influence of changes of perfusion pressure and local
      peripheral resistance on blood flow velocity waveform and profile in normal human
      peripheral arteries. Blood flow velocity and profile were recorded from the
      distal end of the left brachial artery in ten normal subjects by means of an
      ultrasonic device. The records were obtained in basal conditions and after blood
      pressure in the brachial artery and local peripheral vascular resistance were
      changed, separately or together, by progressive inflation of two arm cuffs, one
      encircling the proximal half of the left arm and the other the middle part of the
      left forearm. Both blood flow velocity waveform and profile were shown to be
      markedly modified by changes in perfusion pressure and local peripheral vascular
      resistance. Reduction of perfusion pressure decreased both forward and reverse
      peak velocities, but had the largest effect upon reverse velocity. The upslope
      and the downslope of the forward velocity wave were left unchanged. Increase in
      local peripheral vascular resistance markedly augmented reverse peak velocity,
      whether perfusion pressure was normal or reduced. Increased resistance only
      slightly influenced peak forward velocity.

PMID- 4025917
TI  - Problems and prospect of internal arterio-venous fistula for hemodialysis.
AB  - Vascular access for dialysis in patients with terminal renal failure has assumed
      increasing importance on surgical services as more and more facilities are
      developing to support such patients for longer period. Longevity of such vascular
      access is aimed for, meticulous care is needed in its creation. Direct arterio
      venous fistula is best method available, but in case of its failure, fistula
      formation using graft is useful alternative. Complications associated with
      vascular access still represent one of the most frequent and significant problems
      encountered in a hemodialysis center. Measures to overcome such problems are
      discussed. Historical background and literature are reviewed. Seven patients
      treated with maintenance hemodialysis are presented. One of them had severe
      haemorrhage from the fistula, an unusual complication of internal arterio-venous
      fistula.

PMID- 4025918
TI  - Photoplethysmography of the distal pulp in the assessment of the vasospastic
      hand.
AB  - A procedure for assessing the peripheral vasculature and a new technique for
      determining the characteristics of the a.c. (arterial) photoplethysmographic
      (PPG) waveform are described. Comparing 12 normal female volunteers and 12 female
      patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, PPG amplitude is as good as the results of a
      standard thermographic test in distinguishing between the groups. The limb
      arterial flow measured by strain gauge plethysmography (SPG) and the timing of
      features in the PPG waveform showed differences between the groups, which did not
      reach statistical significance. The rise time of the PPG waveform, however, was
      found to be correlated with age independently of vasospasticity.

PMID- 4025920
TI  - Diagnosis of vasospastic angina by analysis of heart rate response to exercise:
      effects of different levels of work load.
AB  - To examine alterations in control functions of the heart, which may account for
      the pathophysiologic conditions precipitating coronary arterial spasm, heart rate
      response to exercise in vasospastic angina was evaluated by using our previously
      developed method of frequency analysis. We also examined the effects of three
      different levels of work load on the heart rate response to treadmill exercise in
      9 patients with vasospastic angina and 7 normal controls: stage 1 (2.5 Km/h,
      10%), stage 3 (4.5 Km/h, 10%), and stage 5 (5.5 Km/h, 14%). The transfer function
      of heart rate control in vasospastic angina was characteristically different from
      that in normal controls: lower gain and more delayed phase angle of the system.
      Although this abnormality was observed in every test at 3 different levels of
      work load, the abnormality was more striking in tests at lower levels of work
      load: stage 1 or 3. The moderately light exercise test at stage 3 is most
      suitable as a test for detecting abnormal heart rate response to exercise in
      vasospastic angina because the exercise test at stage 1 had a poor S/N ratio.

PMID- 4025919
TI  - Subacute massive thromboembolic occlusion of a main pulmonary artery. Report of a
      case successfully treated by thrombolytic therapy and review of the literature.
AB  - Subacute massive thromboembolic occlusion of the left main pulmonary artery in a
      52-year-old woman is described. This disease remains a rare entity with a much
      less dramatic presentation than acute massive pulmonary embolus. The presenting
      symptom was unexplained dyspnea. Physical signs and laboratory tests were
      nonspecific. The perfusion scan is the best screening test for this disorder.
      Antemortem diagnosis is established by pulmonary angiography. A literature review
      undertaken to ascertain the incidence of this entity as well as to recommend
      treatment of choice, be it medical or surgical therapy, was unrewarding. We
      decided to use thrombolytic therapy and found a marked improvement in the
      patient's symptoms and perfusion scan after 24 hours. Although thrombolytic
      therapy is commonly indicated for acute massive pulmonary embolism, we believe
      this mode of therapy should also be the initial treatment for subacute massive
      pulmonary thromboembolism.

PMID- 4025921
TI  - Huge left atrial thrombus and valve degeneration in a patient with a
      bioprosthetic, porcine, mitral valve.
AB  - A 43 year old man with a Hancock porcine bioprosthetic valve in the mitral
      position developed a huge thrombus filling the entire left atrium and chronic
      degeneration of the bioprosthetic mitral valve. The effective valve orifice was
      less than 2 mm. These severe findings leading to the patient's death remained
      undetected while he was alive. This case illustrates the great need for a serial
      phonoechocardiographic studies in all patients with prosthetic valves.

PMID- 4025922
TI  - The Osborn wave in hypothermia.
AB  - A patient is reported who presented with fatal hypothermia. The
      electrocardiographic changes of a sinus bradycardia, prolonged QT interval and
      Osborn waves were documented and correlated with body temperature. The possible
      genesis of these electrocardiographic changes is reviewed in this article.

PMID- 4025923
TI  - Focal vascular headaches with focal arterial disease. An ultrasonographic
      analysis.
AB  - The relationship between migraine and premature stroke and heart disease has been
      firmly established in the literature. The probable mechanism relates to release
      of vasoactive agents locally that produce intimal changes and if chronic may lead
      to permanent changes to the artery. We have attempted to identify individuals at
      risk for premature stroke utilizing the highly accurate B-mode real time carotid
      ultrasonogram. Sixteen patients demonstrated varying degrees of focal dilatation
      or plaque disease and 44% had abnormal Doppler flow studies. Since many of these
      patients were asymptomatic during the examination it is suggested that vascular
      changes may be more persistent than were previously suspected. These plaques, in
      the setting of increased platelet aggregability may be responsible for the
      augmented risk of stroke. Precise identification of these individuals can be
      easily accomplished with B-mode real time scanning (High resolution), and will
      allow for safe followup if specific dietary or drug interventions are
      contemplated.

PMID- 4025924
TI  - PISA--a new noninvasive method for early detection and quantification of ischemia
      in hypertensive patients.
AB  - Hypertension if untreated, is known to produce cardiac damage. Cardiac
      complications result from the effects of hypertension on the myocardium and/or to
      accelerated atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries. Presently available
      diagnostic tools are able to detect cardiac complications only when they are
      relatively at an advanced stage. Early detection of cardiac complications would
      have the advantage of early treatment, with potential for reversal. PISA (Phase
      Invariant Signature Algorithm) - a new noninvasive method has been shown by us to
      have high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease.
      This method was therefore used in 25 healthy individuals, 20 patients with
      documented ischemic heart disease and 50 hypertensive patients (duration 1-6
      years) with no end-organ disease in order to determine if these patients have
      myocardial ischemia and/or infarction. These patients were on antihypertensive
      medication. Healthy individuals as expected, had phase-invariant PISA signature
      and low PISA index. All 20 patients with documented ischemic heart disease had
      phase variant signature and had high PISA index in two or more leads. The
      sensitivity of this method for detection of ischemic heart disease was found to
      be 100%. Twenty-nine of the 50 hypertensive patients were found to have phase
      variant (abnormal) PISA signatures and their PISA index was beyond the upper
      limit of normal PISA range (mean + 3S.D. of healthy individual). This study
      suggests that these 29 hypertensive patients possibly have ischemic heart
      disease. This PISA study indicates that 8 patients have anterior wall, 10
      inferior wall, and 11 both anterior and inferior wall ischemia and/or infarction.
      These twenty-nine patients have varying degree of ischemia and/or infarction.

PMID- 4025926
TI  - Prognosis after myocardial infarction--prediction in ambulatory patients by use
      of the bedside Valsalva maneuver.
AB  - One hundred survivors of first myocardial infarction were studied prior to
      hospital discharge by 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiography as well as
      radionuclide ventriculography. The bedside Valsalva maneuver, with simple
      sphygmomanometric determination of arterial pressure response, was performed 6
      weeks post infarction and patients were followed for a mean of 22 months. The
      arterial pressure response pattern provided a semiquantitative estimate of
      resting left ventricular systolic function when related to the radionuclide
      ejection fraction (SIN, 0.56 +/- 0.13; ABO, 0.43 +/- 0.18; SQW, 0.16 +/- 0.06) (P
      less than 0.02). Abnormal Valsalva responses (ABO and SQW) were found more
      commonly in patients with diminished left ventricular systolic function and high
      grade ventricular arrhythmias. The SQW response pattern was highly predictive of
      future sudden cardiac death. The bedside Valsalva maneuver, performed 2-4 weeks
      after hospital discharge, upon the ambulatory patient is a simple, safe,
      inexpensive and uniformly applicable method which may serve as the basis for a
      strategy with which to approach the post-infarction patient regarding risk
      stratification and further clinical management.

PMID- 4025925
TI  - Influence of the menstrual cycle on Raynaud's phenomenon and on cold tolerance in
      normal women.
AB  - Digital strain gauge plethysmography during a controlled cycle of hand warming
      and cooling was performed at weekly intervals through a single menstrual cycle in
      10 normal women and 6 patients with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). Results
      were compared to those in 16 additional RP patients and 5 normal males. Maximum
      digital arterial flow at finger temperature 38 degrees C and reactive hyperemia
      following three minute arterial occlusion at 30 degrees C was comparable for all
      groups and did not vary with menstrual status. During cooling, normal women
      manifested plethysmographic loss of digital arterial flow at finger temperatures
      (18.1 degrees C +/- 7.9) intermediate between those of normal men (13.7 degrees C
      +/- 4.3, P less than 0.05) and RP patients (26.0 degrees C +/- 6.1, P less than
      0.001). RP patients showed no change in cold tolerance in relation to menstrual
      status. However, normal women had variable responses to cooling and were found
      least cold tolerant at the time of menstruation with RP-like responses in all 10
      cases although digital color changes were absent. These data support the
      hypothesis that RP in the premenopausal woman is physiologic and thus, in the
      majority of cases, not likely to evolve into a definable connective tissue
      disease.

PMID- 4025927
TI  - Femoral artery flow in deep vein thrombosis: hemodynamics of slow versus acute
      femoral vein occlusion.
AB  - There are many reports of reduced flow in the femoral artery following acute
      occlusion of the femoral vein. Poorer results might also be expected in arterial
      reconstructive surgery for obliterative vascular disease, in the event of deep
      vein thrombosis (DVT) of the limb. It is likely that patients develop DVT by a
      slow process that is totally different from experimental acute occlusion of the
      femoral vein, which leads to reduction of flow in the femoral artery. To test
      this hypothesis, a model with slow and gradual femoral vein occlusion was used.
      The results of this study showed that there was only 13.5% reduction in femoral
      artery flow during a four-hour gradual occlusion of the femoral vein. This
      excludes the possibility that in the presence of gradually occurring processes
      such as DVT, there is a hemodynamic basis for reduced flow through the femoral
      artery or through a bypass.

PMID- 4025928
TI  - Non invasive study of carotid arteries by echo-doppler and metabolic
      abnormalities in patients with dementia.
AB  - In order to evaluate the prevalence of common and/or internal carotid stenoses
      together with metabolic abnormalities in dementia nineteen patients were
      investigated. Dementia and differential diagnosis between Alzheimer type (DAT)
      and multi-infarctual (MID) dementia were performed on the basis of Computerized
      Tomography scan, behavioural anamnesis, neurological and neuropsychological
      examinations. Eight patients were diagnosed as MID and 11 as DAT. Noninvasive
      study of neck arteries was performed in supine position by a Duplex Scanner, able
      of detecting a wide range of stenosis, even when very mild. Arterial
      hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and high hematocrit level were present in
      both groups, although to a higher extent in MID (p 0.05). Results from Duplex
      Scanner demonstrate 12 vascular stenoses 16-49% and one between 50-99% (13/76),
      being vascular abnormalities equally distributed among DAT and MID patients.
      These data suggest that patients with metabolic abnormalities and
      arteriosclerosis can develop dementia not necessarily of vascular type. On the
      other hand, MID patients do not present higher number of stenosis as compared to
      DAT, indicating that vascular disease of carotid arteries is not prominent in the
      clinical context of dementia.

PMID- 4025929
TI  - Conservative treatment of lymphoedema of the limbs.
AB  - Management of Lymphoedema is extremely variable in the medical profession,
      ranging from aggressive diagnostic procedures, which may aggravate the disease
      (lymphography by oily contrast mediums) in combination with therapeutic nihilism
      to precipitous operations. Scattered between these two contraversial extreme
      positions are quite a number of various conservative methods - some of which
      being in conflict with the anatomy and physiology of the lymph vascular system
      and the pathology of Lymphoedema. Lymphoedema, if left untreated, or is treated
      inadequately, may lead to invalidity and to death if Stewart-Treves Syndrome
      develops. Unnecessary surgery may have disastrous consequences. The paper
      describes how Lymphoedema can be treated with success, free of any side effects,
      by complex physiotherapy.

PMID- 4025930
TI  - Buerger's disease in women. A case report with critical approach to the
      literature.
AB  - The Authors describe a case of arteritis of the lower limbs in a woman, in which
      the clinico-angiographical features were suggestive for Buerger's disease, and
      this was confirmed by histological examination of the left posterior tibial
      artery. A bilateral lumbar sympathectomy was effective at least in slowing the
      course of the disease.

PMID- 4025931
TI  - A case of aortitis syndrome with severe coarctation of the aorta.
AB  - A 17 year old female with aortitis syndrome was reported. The blood pressure of
      upper extremities was 204/88 mmHg which was higher than that of lower extremities
      (88/mmHg). Chest X ray showed marked rib notchings at the lower border of the
      right 7th and 8th rib and left 8th ribs. Stenosis of the thoracic aorta was
      observed at the upper border of the 9th rib and the lower border of the 10th rib
      with marked development of collateral circulation. After 6 months treatment with
      steroids, inflammation signs were improved and thickness of the aorta was
      decreased which was detected by computed tomography. However, blood pressure was
      not decreased by the combined antihypertensive treatment.

PMID- 4025932
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4025933
TI  - Quantitation of pulmonary emboli with pulmonary cineangiography: preliminary
      report.
AB  - Pulmonary angiography is considered the definite method of diagnosing pulmonary
      emboli. It is hypothesized that pulmonary cineangiography is superior to
      conventional pulmonary angiography for quantitation of pulmonary emboli. The
      present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis. Six patients with an age
      range from 27 to 70 years with documented pulmonary emboli by pulmonary
      angiogram, had pulmonary cineangiograms. Pulmonary angiogram defined pulmonary
      emboli in nine major vessels in the six patients; while, pulmonary cineangiogram
      revealed another 10 major vessels with pulmonary emboli, which were either not
      detected or considered equivocal by the conventional pulmonary angiography. The
      pulmonary embolic score as an index of the extent of pulmonary emboli was 24
      (mean 4 +/- 2.52 1SD) by the conventional pulmonary angiography, while the score
      was 60 (mean 10 +/- 3.22 1SD) by the pulmonary cineangiography, P less than 0.2.
      Thus, in cases with pulmonary emboli, pulmonary cineangiogram is superior to
      conventional pulmonary angiogram for the quantitation of pulmonary emboli.

PMID- 4025934
TI  - The "blue toe" syndrome with renal atheroembolism and failure.
AB  - The occurrence of atheromatous embolization following cardiac catheterization and
      coronary artery bypass surgery is described. It was manifested initially by
      bluish discolored toes inciting suspicion of vasospasm and then by progressive
      renal failure. The diagnosis was confirmed by renal biopsy. The syndrome of
      multiple atheromatous or cholesterol emboli is probably more common than
      previously reported because of its masquerade of other illnesses and failure of
      consideration of diagnosis.

PMID- 4025935
TI  - Lidoflazine and propranolol combination treatment in chronic stable angina.
AB  - The short-term (1 month) and long-term (6 months) safety of combination
      lidoflazine-propranolol therapy was investigated in an open trial of 15 patients
      with stable angina of effort. The possible advantages of adding lidoflazine
      (titrated to 360 mg daily) to patients having a therapeutic response to
      propranolol (80-400 mg daily) was also evaluated. Effects on non-invasive indexes
      of left ventricular function (echocardiography, systolic time intervals,
      radionuclide ventriculography) and exercise tolerance (treadmill exercise
      testing) were determined. There was no change in mean resting heart rate with the
      combination therapy, although one patient developed sinus bradycardia at a rate
      of 44 and had to have his propranolol dose reduced. Electrocardiographic analysis
      showed significant prolongation of the QTc intervals on lidoflazine-propranolol
      therapy compared to propranolol alone, with 3 patients having QTc interval
      prolongation to above .53 seconds, but there was no evidence of increased
      arrhythmogenesis with the combination therapy compared to propranolol alone. Left
      ventricular end-diastolic volume index tended to rise with combination therapy.
      However, lidoflazine-propranolol therapy did not produce any significant effects
      on resting ejection fraction determined by M-mode echocardiography or by
      radionuclide ventriculography. Radionuclide ventriculography determined peak
      exercise ejection fractions were also not significantly changed with combination
      therapy compared to propranolol alone. There were only small, insignificant
      improvements in exercise tolerance with the lidoflazine-propranolol combination
      treatment compared to propranolol alone. It is concluded that lidoflazine
      propranolol combination therapy is generally safe but has the potential of
      causing serious adverse effects in certain patients, i.e. those with sick sinus
      disease, prolonged QTc intervals, and severe baseline left ventricular
      dysfunction, and that caution must be exercised in its use. Furthermore, it would
      appear that combination therapy provides only slight, if any, improvements in
      exercise tolerance in patients with chronic stable angina having a therapeutic
      response to oral propranolol.

PMID- 4025936
TI  - What is the optimum A-V interval in D.D.D. pacing?
AB  - One of the programmable parameters in recent pacemakers is atrio-ventricular
      interval. To find out the optimum A-V interval studies were done in 14 patients.
      Multigated radionuclide scans were used to measure the left ventricular function,
      at a resting heart rate of 70/minute. Seven patients had poor left ventricles
      (ejection fraction less than 50%). Left ventricular ejection fraction, relative
      cardiac output and end diastolic counts were highest at 250 M. Sec. interval
      compared to 150. Ejection rates and end systolic counts were not related to A-V
      interval. Relative cardiac output was 27% higher in poor ventricles at 250 delay
      than 150. This observation was not significant in normal hearts. Optimum P-R
      interval is 250 M. Sec. for maximum left ventricular function.

PMID- 4025937
TI  - Biochemical analysis of dermal connective tissue in subjects affected by primary
      uncomplicated varicose veins.
AB  - Biochemical analysis of dermal connective tissue was carried out in 14 subjects
      affected by primary uncomplicated varicose veins and 14 controls. Skin samples
      were taken, according to fixed criteria, from operation pieces of total
      mastectomy for breast cancer. The results suggest that the dermal tissue in these
      subjects is just thinner than that of controls, confirming previous similar
      clinical findings. The elective reduction of the collagen content observed,
      unassociated with changes of other components of the dermal connective tissue,
      brings evidence for a systemic biochemical defect of the extracellular matrix
      i.e. a collagen defect affecting the entire body structure and not only the
      varicose or pre-varicose veins of the lower limbs.

PMID- 4025938
TI  - Complications of vascular access devices for hemodialysis.
AB  - Hemodialysis is essential in the management of end stage renal disease patients.
      Forty-eight contrast examinations of hemodialysis vascular access devices were
      reviewed. Venous fistulography is the method of choice for the evaluation of
      these devices. Only 12 patients in this series required arteriography and 6 of
      them had a lower extremity access device. The most common complications included
      venous stenoses, venous or graft aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms and venous or graft
      thrombosis. Pseudointimal proliferation resulting in graft stenosis was also
      observed.

PMID- 4025940
TI  - Mortality and morbidity in patients with intermittent claudication in relation to
      the location of the occlusive atherosclerosis in the leg.
AB  - Mortality and morbidity from cerebrovascular and coronary arterial disease over a
      period of six years were studied in 224 non-diabetic patients with intermittent
      claudication. Patients with multiple arterial stenoses in the leg had a lower six
      year survival than patients with single stenoses (55% versus 77%), with a higher
      mortality from cardiac deaths. These differences were still significant after
      adjustment for differences in clinical characteristics at the initial
      examination. This might indicate that patients with multiple arterial stenoses in
      the legs have a more widespread and more progressive atherosclerotic disease.

PMID- 4025941
TI  - Lightning-induced myocardial injury. A case report with management.
AB  - A young patient of lightning induced myocardial injury with chest pain is
      described. Electro-cardiogram mimicked true myocardial infarction (due to
      coronary artery disease). Practical aspects of case management is discussed. Use
      of short course of steroid helped in early recovery.

PMID- 4025942
TI  - The noninvasive laboratory--history and future of thermography.
AB  - A brief history of thermography and recent developments in instrumentation have
      been reviewed. Important applications are related to thrombophlebitis, the
      cerebral circulation, peripheral arterial abnormalities and medical-legal
      situations.

PMID- 4025939
TI  - The prevention of Ca2+ overload in vascular smooth muscle by flunarizine as
      detected by Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis (LAMMA).
AB  - In vitro exposure of depolarized caudal artery preparations of the rat to a high
      calcium concentration resulted in a strong contraction of the smooth muscle
      cells. This muscle contraction was suppressed by flunarizine. It was shown
      cytochemically, using the combined oxalate-pyroantimonate method for the
      localization of calcium, that a considerable amount of electron-dense precipitate
      was seen over the depolarized muscle cells after incubation in a calcium
      containing medium. On the other hand this precipitate was not present on the
      smooth muscle cells when flunarizine was added to this incubation medium. The
      reaction product was only present in the extracellular space. These results were
      controlled by Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis. By evaporating and ionizing small
      parts of the smooth muscle cells (+/- 1 micron), it was confirmed that the
      cytochemical method indeed demonstrated calcium, with negligible interference of
      other cations.

PMID- 4025943
TI  - Delayed fatal pulmonary hemorrhage complicating use of a balloon flotation
      catheter.
AB  - A case of delayed fatal pulmonary hemorrhage caused by a balloon flotation
      catheter is described. The catheter was inserted preoperatively. The patient died
      on the 14th postoperative day from massive hemorrhage in the right pleural space
      after 12 days without any clinical symptoms. Pulmonary artery rupture is
      documented by the autopsy findings.

PMID- 4025944
TI  - Laboratory control of continuous intravenous heparin therapy with Howel time and
      activated partial thromboplastin time. A prospective, randomized and blind study.
AB  - Although heparin has been used extensively to treat Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)
      and arterial ischemia (AI), controversy still exists regarding optimal dosage and
      the need for monitoring. Different authors have employed various test with
      variable results. Others, however, persist in giving heparin without laboratory
      control. This study was made in order to compare, in a prospective, randomized
      and blind manner, two coagulation tests, namely: Howel Time (HT) and Activated
      Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), in controlling the dose of heparin given by
      continuous intravenous infusion in DVT and AI. Our results show no significant
      difference in complications and failures of the therapy with either test,
      although significantly higher doses of heparin were needed to maintain APTT
      within therapeutic range than those needed to keep HT within a similar range.

PMID- 4025945
TI  - Haemorheological parameters in hypertensive Nigerians with and without sickle
      cell trait.
AB  - Haemorheological parameters including whole blood (WBF) and erythrocyte
      filterability (EF), haematocrit (H'ct), haemoglobin levels (Hb) and plasma
      fibrinogen concentration (PFC) were measured in 61 adult Nigerians with
      uncomplicated essential hypertension during the course of their routine anti
      hypertensive treatment. Results from these patients were compared to those of 39
      age and sex-matched normotensive controls. Sixteen (26.2%) of the hypertensive
      patients and 6 (15.4%) of the controls had the sickle-cell trait (HbAS); the rest
      were normal homozygotes (HbAA). Although there were no significant difference
      between WBF in the HbAA-hypertensive and control groups, the former had a
      significantly lower EF than the latter (p less than 0.025). Both WBF and EF were
      highly significantly decreased in the HbAS-hypertensives (p less than 0.001).
      Significant differences in H'ct and Hb levels between HbAA-hypertensives and
      controls were attributed to sex rather than to hypertension per se. Plasma
      fibrinogen concentration values were consistently and significantly elevated in
      all hypertensives irrespective of sex or haemoglobin genotype. In contrast to the
      HbAA-hypertensives, all 16 HbAS-hypertensives had a persistently raised diastolic
      blood pressure above 90 mm Hg, suggesting that these patients are either
      resistant or are less responsive to conventional anti-hypertensive therapy. A
      more extensive follow-up study is in progress to assess the possible relationship
      of these parameters and blood pressure, particularly in hypertensive individuals
      with sickle-cell trait (HbAS).

PMID- 4025946
TI  - Gangrene of the foot: a complication of phlebography.
AB  - One believes there is a necessity to bring to widespread attention a most serious
      complication of what is often considered a mundane radiological examination -
      lower extremity contrast venography. So mundane is it considered in fact, that
      outside of resident teaching programs, an informal telephone survey of 15
      hospitals from 240 beds to 780 beds revealed that a number of injections and
      examinations: (a) were conducted entirely by technologists without any pretense
      of radiologist supervision; (b) that the radiologist "supervised" the injection
      (i.e. was in the "immediate vicinity") or; (c) injection was preferentially done
      by the radiologist, but no reason was seen why a skilled non-physician could not
      conduct the examination.

PMID- 4025947
TI  - Detection of shunt flow in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection using 2D
      Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - Two-D-Doppler echocardiography was used to diagnose two cases of total anomalous
      pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). The first case presented the supracardiac
      type, the second the infracardiac type. Blood flow imagings produced by 2D
      Doppler echocardiography revealed shunt flow in the common pulmonary veins (CPV)
      and the vertical, innominate, and portal veins. The shunt flow in the vertical
      vein was laminar, though the shunt flow in the inflow tract of the right atrium
      was turbulent. Two dimensional Doppler echocardiography is very useful in the
      detection shunt flow in TAPVC.

PMID- 4025948
TI  - Cardiovascular manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Prospective study
      of 100 patients.
AB  - One hundred consecutive female patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) were studied from the cardiovascular point of view by means of non invasive
      methods. Seventy percent of the cases presented some type of cardiovascular
      anomaly. Seventy four percent of the resting electrocardiograms were abnormal as
      well as 72% of the M mode echocardiograms and 55% of the cardiac X ray series.
      The most frequent observed complications were: pericarditis and or pericardial
      effusion (39%), arterial hypertension (22%), ischemic heart disease (16%),
      myocarditis (14%), congestive heart failure (10%), pulmonary hypertension (9%),
      valvular heart disease (9%), pleural effusion (7%) and cerebro vascular accident
      (3%). We analyzed each one of these complications and found of special interest
      the high incidence of ischemic heart disease which is more frequent than has been
      hitherto reported. Ischemic heart disease was observed in two types of patients:
      a) Those with long term steroid therapy. In these, the mechanism seems to be an
      atherosclerotic disease probably induced by the chronic use of steroids. The
      management of these cases do not differ from other types of coronary heart
      disease due to atherosclerosis. b) Those with frank episodes of vasculitis in
      whom the basic mechanism is an inflammatory process of the coronary arteries and
      its treatment is fundamentally that of the vasculitis. We consider necessary to
      study routinely all patients with SLE through non invasive cardiological methods.

PMID- 4025949
TI  - Hydrodynamic flow in U-shaped and coiled glass loops simulating carotid arterial
      configurations.
AB  - The dye injection technique was used to study flow patterns in ten U-bends and
      two helical coils. These models were manufactured of glass and designed to
      simulate abnormal arterial configurations in man. In each model flow disturbances
      were observed below the critical Reynolds number of 2000 for flow in a straight
      tube with one reading as low as 250. The disturbances in the flow were sensitive
      to external disturbances. Their periodicity was relatively regular but the
      frequency increased with augmentation of flow rates and some irregularity was
      apparent. The results indicate that they could have applicability to the human
      vascular system.

PMID- 4025950
TI  - An S.E.M. corrosion cast study on pericyte localization and role in
      microcirculation of skeletal muscle.
AB  - The authors used the microcorrosion cast technique to study the localization and
      the role of pericytes in the microcirculation of skeletal muscle. Both fast
      twitch muscles, the tibialis anterior and the pectineus muscles, and a slow
      twitch one, the soleus muscle, were studied, because of morphological differences
      of their capillary networks. The observation of peculiar imprints on the surface
      of vascular casts, strategically sited in the microvascular bed, were related to
      the presence of pericytes apposed to the endothelial lining. The role of
      pericytes in equalizing the local blood flow to metabolic needs and in
      maintaining capillary blood flow despite pinching of vessels is discussed.

PMID- 4025951
TI  - Embolization of a sciatic artery aneurysm an alternative to surgery: a case
      report.
AB  - An elderly woman was admitted with a 2-day history of pain, numbness and coolness
      of the left lower limb. The left foot on examination was cool and blue with no
      palpable pulse nor motor or sensory function. An arteriogram demonstrated a
      dilated persistent sciatic artery. The superficial femoral artery was hypoplastic
      and there was poor visualization of the distal circulation. At surgery an
      occluded popliteal artery was found. Attempts to open the occluded artery were
      unsuccessful and a left fibulectomy and fasciotomy was performed and the patient
      started on intravenous heparin. The patient's condition deteriorated and on the
      4th hospital day an above-knee amputation was undertaken. The patient made an
      uneventful recovery and was subsequently discharged. At follow-up a month later
      the aneurysm was still patent and strongly pulsatile. She was readmitted to the
      hospital and the aneurysm was successfully embolized.

PMID- 4025952
TI  - Unusual electrocardiographic abnormality in leptospirosis: case reports.
AB  - Unusual ECG changes of marked ST segment elevation in leads V1 to V3 are reported
      in four cases of severe icteric leptospirosis for the first time. These changes
      normalized rapidly with initiation of therapy and recovery in three patients. One
      patient died within hours of admission. The causes for the changes are not clear.

PMID- 4025953
TI  - Status asthmaticus with acute respiratory failure.

PMID- 4025954
TI  - The Bela Schick lecture for 1984. Deciding the future for the practice of allergy
      and immunology.

PMID- 4025955
TI  - Response to bronchodilator in the asthmatic: an alternative method of analysis.

PMID- 4025956
TI  - Food allergy and adult migraine: double-blind and mediator confirmation of an
      allergic etiology.
AB  - Foods as a cause for migraine attacks were evaluated in 43 adults with recurrent
      migraine. Skin testing, elimination diets, double-blind challenges, and
      measurements of plasma histamine were performed. Thirteen subjects experienced
      66% or greater reduction in headache frequency during a diet trial. Six subjects
      became headache free. Eleven of 16 skin test-positive patients responded to diet
      manipulation, while only two of 27 skin test-negatives did (P less than .005).
      Seven subjects agreed to double-blind challenges. In five of seven, at least one
      food provoked migraine. Placebo challenges did not provoke migraine. In three
      subjects, plasma histamine rose during migraine provoking challenges. The
      relationship between food ingestion and migraine is based in part on allergic
      mechanism. Tests for IgE-specific food allergy appear helpful in selecting
      patients likely to benefit from diet therapy.

PMID- 4025957
TI  - Influence of hyposensitization with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract on
      clinical score, total and specific IgE levels, and skin test in asthmatic
      patients.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of immunotherapy on clinical response, on IgE serum
      level, on radioallergosorbent test (RAST), and on skin tests, a prospective study
      was performed by a follow-up of 73 asthmatic patients allergic for house dust
      during hyposensitization with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. No
      relationship could be found between the evolution of clinical score, skin tests
      and RAST, but 91% of the patients with a decreasing IgE serum level had
      satisfactory clinical results. Serial determinations of serum IgE levels during
      hyposensitization showed two patterns of evolution with a favourable prognostic
      value: a continuously decreasing serum IgE or a primary increase followed by a
      late decrease.

PMID- 4025958
TI  - Occupational respiratory disease in veterinarians.
AB  - In order to determine the effect of occupational animal exposure on the
      occurrence of respiratory disease, we studied 257 active veterinarians and 100
      control subjects who had not had occupational animal contact. All participants
      provided a detailed medical history and underwent spirometry, skin tests, and
      determination of total serum IgE levels. Asthma was significantly more prevalent
      in veterinarians (16.3%) than in controls (6%), (P less than .05), as was
      infectious/obstructive respiratory disease, 10.5% in veterinarians, 3% in
      controls (P less than .025). Only 13 of 257 veterinarians had respiratory
      symptoms related to animal contact; of these, seven experienced only allergic
      rhinitis while six reported both asthma and rhinitis. Animal-related allergic
      rhinitis was found more frequently in laboratory animal veterinarians than among
      veterinarians in farm, pet, or poultry practice. No symptoms typical of
      hypersensitivity pneumonitis were reported in veterinarians, nor were precipitins
      to animal antigens demonstrable.

PMID- 4025959
TI  - Routine use of skin testing for immediate penicillin allergy to 6,764 patients in
      an outpatient clinic.
AB  - A population of 6,764 individuals who had received a penicillin prescription at
      an outpatient clinic was tested with MDM (minor determinant mixture) and PG
      (penicillin G), whether or not a previous history of allergy to penicillin had
      been reported. Ninety-six (1.4%) patients showed positive skin tests. The 6,668
      patients with negative tests were treated with penicillin and none showed any
      immediate allergic reaction. Because of the large size of the sample it was
      possible to calculate that the probability of risk of systemic reactions among
      patients with negative tests who were immediately treated with penicillin was
      1.5/million. The method used is simple to carry out and has proved to be safe and
      reliable for the identification or exclusion of immediate allergic reaction to
      penicillin.

PMID- 4025961
TI  - Interpretation of bronchodilator responses.

PMID- 4025960
TI  - A new method of estimating bronchial hyper-responsiveness in younger children.
AB  - By using the new device, the "Astograph," it is possible to measure the
      continuous changes of respiratory resistance (Rrs) during bronchial inhalation
      challenge. This method, however, is not suitable for younger children because of
      wide variations in Rrs. So we studied a technique using a transcutaneous oxygen
      pressure (tcPO2) monitoring system. The bronchial reactivity and sensitivity were
      significantly correlated between Rrs and tcPO2 (P less than .001), and there was
      no correlation between cardiac output and Rrs. The tcPO2-method is useful for
      measuring bronchial responsiveness, especially in younger children.

PMID- 4025962
TI  - XII International Congress of Allergology & Clinical Immunology. October 20-25,
      1985, Washington, D.C. Scientific program and abstracts of papers.

PMID- 4025963
TI  - [Course of the concentration of serum free amino acids as a function of time and
      the method of preservation].
AB  - In order to determine the optimal conditions for storage in the case of deferred
      serum amino acid assay, the authors studied the effect of storing the sample for
      four hours at two different temperatures: melting ice and ambient temperature, as
      well as the effect of storing the amino acids for three months according to four
      methods of storage; freezing at -20 degrees C and -80 degrees C of deproteinised
      and non-deproteinised serum. When the analysis was performed within four hours of
      collection of the specimen, the best conditions are obtained when the sample is
      kept at the temperature of melting ice. The optimal conservation consists of
      immediately deproteinising the sample and storing it frozen for 14 days.

PMID- 4025964
TI  - [Aminopenicillin crystalluria: identification by infrared spectrophotometry].
AB  - Renal stones and crystalluria can be characterized unambiguously by global
      physical methods. The authors report four cases of crystalluria induced by
      aminopenicillin (ampicillin and amoxicillin). Identification of these drug
      induced crystalluria was made by high-pressure liquid chromatography and infrared
      spectrophotometry. The physico-chemical data and infrared absorption
      characteristics can give us diagnostic for various forms of ampicillin and
      amoxicillin.

PMID- 4025965
TI  - [A specific spectrophotometric method for determining plasma and/or serum
      hemoglobin. Use of the chromogen 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6
      sulfonate (ABTS)].
AB  - The authors describe a method for the determination of the plasma and/or serum
      haemoglobin, based on the peroxidase properties of the Haemoglobin-Haptoglobin
      complex, following the action of a solution of ABTS and hydrogen peroxide. The
      colour observed after a defined period of time is measured by spectrophotometry
      at 402 nm and is proportional to the haemoglobin concentration of the sample. A
      statistical study of the plasma haemoglobin concentration performed in male and
      female blood donors aged between 18 and 60 years is also presented.

PMID- 4025966
TI  - [Local anesthetics: simultaneous HPLC determination of lidocaine (Xylocaine) and
      bupivacaine (Marcaine) in human serum].
AB  - In order to monitor loco-regional anaesthesia in the upper limbs with a
      combination of two anaesthetics, the authors participated in a clinical
      pharmacology study. They describe a method of simultaneous assay of bupivacaine
      and lignocaine by direct phase HPLC. In particular, the use of heptane sulfonic
      acid (counter-ion) in the mobile phase allows the elution of the local
      anaesthetics to be controlled. The criteria of reliability studied enable this
      technique to be considered for routine use.

PMID- 4025967
TI  - [Is it more valuable to determine LDL cholesterol or to calculate it?].

PMID- 4025968
TI  - Proceedings of the 1985 UAEM/IRIEM research symposium on resuscitation. Orlando,
      Florida, February 7-8, 1985.

PMID- 4025969
TI  - Beneficial effect of epinephrine infusion on cerebral and myocardial blood flows
      during CPR.
AB  - It is hypothesized that epinephrine improves the ability to resuscitate the heart
      through a mechanism thought to be related to the increase in aortic pressure. Our
      results with epinephrine infusion during CPR are consistent with this hypothesis.
      Epinephrine selectively increased vascular resistance in noncerebral, noncoronary
      vascular beds, as indicated by a decrease in microsphere-determined blood flow in
      these areas. This increased vascular resistance raised aortic pressure during the
      chest compression phase and the relaxation phase of CPR. Because intracranial and
      right atrial pressures were only slightly higher with epinephrine, cerebral and
      myocardial perfusion pressures and blood flows were significantly improved. This
      beneficial effect (compared to no administration of a vasopressor) was more
      pronounced as CPR progressed beyond ten minutes. Enhanced cerebral and myocardial
      perfusion occurred with epinephrine when either the conventional or simultaneous
      compression and ventilation (SCV) mode of CPR was employed in dogs. Similar
      selective perfusion was sustained for 50 minutes of SCV-CPR with epinephrine,
      even when the onset of CPR was delayed five minutes. Regional brain blood flow
      differed in the delayed-CPR group in that cerebellum, brain stem, and thalamic
      regions initially had higher blood flows. In an infant animal model of CPR using
      conventional CPR in piglets, epinephrine also was found to increase cerebral and
      myocardial blood flows. These results show that administration of epinephrine
      benefits different age groups of different species with different modes of CPR;
      that benefits occur even with delayed onset of CPR which is associated with
      additional anoxia and acidosis; and that epinephrine administration is
      particularly effective in sustaining cerebral and coronary perfusion during
      prolonged CPR.

PMID- 4025970
TI  - Comparison of clinical CPR studies in Milwaukee and elsewhere in the United
      States.
AB  - As we mark the 25th anniversary of the clinical application of closed-chest
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation (SCPR), it is time to look back and analyze the
      progress we have made in the resuscitation of sudden death syndrome. Recent
      studies of SCPR's effectiveness have yielded mixed results, in comparison to
      early studies that were universally favorable. The continued toll of neurologic
      injury following SCPR resuscitation, and reinforcement of the importance of
      defibrillation in resuscitation, stimulate us to find improved forms of SCPR and
      improved methods of resuscitation delivery in emergency medical systems.

PMID- 4025971
TI  - Automatic external defibrillators: clinical, training, psychological, and public
      health issues.
AB  - Automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) will be used by spouses, family members,
      emergency first-responders, and the citizenry at large. Such use, however, raises
      a number of clinical, training, psychological, and public health issues. Clinical
      issues: Is cardiac arrest to be verified by the operator or the AED? Second
      verification systems, such as breath detectors, produce errors of omission, but
      greatly expand the pool of potential users. The relative merits of high
      sensitivity and low specificity in arrest verification must be defined by
      clinicians relative to the setting and the potential users. AEDs require
      cessation of basic CPR during their assessment periods; clinicians must determine
      the tradeoff between long interruption of basic life support and much earlier
      delivery of countershocks. Training issues: Criteria for those to be trained
      include consideration of who the patient will be and who the AED operator might
      be. AEDs pose a familiar adult education problem, that is, acquisition of a new
      psychomotor skill and retention of that skill for long periods before
      performance. What are the best teaching techniques? Currently available AEDs have
      different designs for device-operator interaction. Which design is most likely to
      assure proper performance during an actual arrest? Psychological issues: What are
      the psychological effects of learning about, living with, and eventually using an
      AED? The development of the automatic external defibrillator constitutes the most
      recent attempt to achieve early defibrillation of patients in cardiac arrest. The
      potential public health effect of such devices is enormous.

PMID- 4025972
TI  - Red cell substitutes: an update.
AB  - The two acellular oxygen carriers currently being evaluated as red cell
      substitutes are hemoglobin solutions and fluorocarbon emulsions. We have shown
      that both products can maintain normal levels of oxygen consumption, CO2
      production, and circulatory dynamics in primates in the virtual absence of the
      red blood cell. Although each solution thus satisfies the most important criteria
      for a red cell substitute, development continues with both products. The clinical
      trials with the fluorocarbons have been discontinued due to the lack of efficacy
      of Fluosol-DA--20% in the setting of acute blood loss. Our current hemoglobin
      preparation is a polymerized, pyridoxylated product that has a normal oxygen
      carrying capacity. Clinical testing must await further evaluation of the safety
      and efficacy of this product. Alternative uses for both of these oxygen carriers
      continue to be explored, and may eventually be the area of their greatest utility
      in the clinical setting.

PMID- 4025973
TI  - Postischemic tissue injury by iron-mediated free radical lipid peroxidation.
AB  - Cell damage initiated during ischemia matures during reperfusion. Mechanisms
      involved during reperfusion include the effects of arachidonic acid and its
      oxidative products prostaglandins and leukotrienes, reperfusion tissue calcium
      overloading, and damage to membranes by lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation
      occurs by oxygen radical mechanisms that require a metal with more than one ionic
      state (transitional metal) for catalysis. We have shown that cellular iron is
      delocalized from the large molecules where it is normally stored to smaller
      chemical species during postischemic reperfusion. Postischemic lipid peroxidation
      is inhibited by the iron chelator deferoxamine. Intervention in the reperfusion
      injury of membranes by chelation of transitional metals is a new and promising
      therapeutic possibility for protection of the heart and brain.

PMID- 4025975
TI  - Motor vehicle safety. American College of Emergency Physicians.

PMID- 4025974
TI  - Mitochondrial damage during cerebral ischemia.
AB  - Cerebral ischemia causes a rapid decline in the ability of brain mitochondria to
      synthesize adenosine triphosphate when they are exposed to oxygen and oxidizable
      substrates. Ischemia also results in a decreased capacity for energized
      mitochondria to sequester the abnormally high levels of calcium that are present
      within ischemic tissue. The degree to which these processes are affected is
      likely to influence the maintenance of cell viability during cerebral
      resuscitation. Factors that have been proposed to account for mitochondrial
      damage during ischemia and reperfusion include intracellular acidosis, Ca2+
      induced membrane damage, and free-radical-dependent membrane lipid peroxidation.
      Ongoing research indicates that measures can be taken to manipulate these factors
      so that mitochondrial damage may be minimized and cell viability optimized during
      resuscitation.

PMID- 4025976
TI  - Rocky Mountain high.

PMID- 4025977
TI  - Factitious arrhythmia.

PMID- 4025978
TI  - Airway obstruction from metastatic melanoma.

PMID- 4025979
TI  - A hemodynamic model for anaphylactic shock.
AB  - The treatment of cardiovascular collapse and anaphylactic shock is largely
      empiric. A simple animal model was developed to evaluate the hemodynamic
      alterations in anaphylaxis. Eight adult New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes
      were studied. All animals weighed 3.8 kg to 5.3 kg. Sensitization was
      accomplished with a 2-mL subcutaneous dose of horse serum followed in two days
      with a 2-mL intravenous (IV) dose. At least 14 days elapsed after the IV dose
      before a 1-mL challenge dose of horse serum was given. On the day of the
      challenge dose, a femoral arterial catheter, arterial temperature probe, and
      right atrial catheter were placed under methoxyflurane anesthesia. The
      temperature probe was positioned in the aortic arch. The methoxyflurane was
      discontinued and the only sedation given during the shock phase was IV diazepam
      (0.1 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg). At least 30 minutes after methoxyflurane was
      discontinued, the challenge dose of horse serum was given through the right
      atrial catheter. Before and during the shock phase cardiac rhythm, arterial
      pressure, and intravascular temperature were monitored continuously. Cardiac
      outputs (CO) were performed by a thermodilution technique using 0.8 mL room
      temperature saline injectate through the right atrial catheter. Temperature
      deflection of the aortic probe was recorded and cardiac output was calculated.
      After giving the challenge dose, CO was measured at three, five, ten, 15, 25, 35,
      45, and 60 minutes. All eight animals showed a significant (P less than .0005)
      fall in CO, cardiac index, and blood pressure within three minutes. The fall in
      cardiac index was 50% or more in all animals. Two animals died as a result of
      shock.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025980
TI  - Continuous monitoring of tissue pH with a fiberoptic conjunctival sensor.
AB  - To assess the relationship between conjunctival pH (pHcj), arterial pH (pHa), and
      cardiorespiratory variables during normal and low-flow conditions, hemorrhagic
      hypotension was induced in eight dogs. Conjunctival pH became significantly less
      than control values after a hemorrhage volume of 15 mL/kg (P less than .05); mean
      arterial pressure (MAP) did not fall until blood loss was 20 mL/kg. There was
      poor correlation between pHcj and pHa, cardiac index (CI), or MAP. There was a
      high degree of correlation, however, between pHcj-pHa difference (delta pH) and
      MAP (r = -0.886), CI (r = -0.846), and tissue oxygen extraction ratio (r = .896).
      The results of these experiments indicate that pHcj is a sensitive monitor of
      peripheral tissue perfusion, and that the degree of physiologic compromise
      associated with hemorrhage can be determined by analysis of the difference
      between arterial and conjunctival pH.

PMID- 4025981
TI  - An evaluation of carboxyhemoglobin spot tests.
AB  - A number of spot tests for carboxyhemoglobin are described in the emergency
      medicine literature. Four of these tests were evaluated for specificity,
      sensitivity, ease of performance, and ease of interpretation. Second- and third
      year emergency medicine residents were given samples of blood and asked to
      perform each of four spot tests on the samples. They were told that the samples
      may or may not contain carboxyhemoglobin. The reagents and instructions were
      available, but no technical assistance was given. The residents were asked to
      record the results of the tests and to answer a questionnaire. The test results
      were analyzed by linear regression and within-run precision. The available spot
      tests found in the literature were unable to determine accurately clinically
      significant levels of carboxyhemoglobin. The evaluators believed that the tests
      required a minimum of technical expertise and were easy to perform and interpret.
      None of the evaluators had any prior experience with carboxyhemoglobin spot
      tests.

PMID- 4025982
TI  - Utilization of medical care in Orange County: the effect of implementation of a
      regional trauma system.
AB  - To determine the effect of implementation of a regional trauma system on
      utilization of medical care we studied ambulance transports, emergency department
      (ED) visits, and hospital days for trauma and nontrauma patients before and after
      system implementation. Serious injury affects approximately one of every 1,000
      persons each year and accounts for approximately one of every 250 ED visits, one
      of every 100 hospital days, and one of every 20 ambulance transports. Following
      system implementation the trauma hospitals experienced insignificant changes in
      annual percentage of market share of ED visits and hospital days and in annual
      rate of growth of ED visits and hospital days. We conclude that implementation of
      a medically directed regional trauma system has resulted in a predictable
      redistribution of a small number of seriously injured patients, and has not been
      associated with significant changes in utilization of EDs or hospitals.

PMID- 4025983
TI  - Hospital-based rotorcraft aeromedical emergency care services and trauma
      mortality: a multicenter study.
AB  - A group of 1,273 blunt trauma patients who were treated and transported from the
      site of injury by seven different hospital-based rotorcraft aeromedical emergency
      care services were studied using a methodology based on injury severity designed
      to predict the mortality of such patients. The methodology predicted that 241
      patients should have died; 191 patients did die. This 21% reduction in expected
      mortality was highly significant (P less than .001). Each of the seven rotorcraft
      services had a reduction in predicted mortality. The reduction was statistically
      significant (P less than .05) in five of the seven aeromedical services, or 86%
      of the total patient cohort. Hospital-based rotorcraft aeromedical emergency care
      services may reduce the expected mortality of blunt trauma patients treated at
      the site of injury.

PMID- 4025984
TI  - The risk of percutaneous chest tube thoracostomy for blunt thoracic trauma.
AB  - Analysis of 164 percutaneous chest tube thoracostomies performed as a
      standardized technical procedure in the management of 129 blunt trauma victims
      demonstrated an overall complication rate of 9.1% (15 of 164). Three
      complications (1.8%) were related to problems of insertion, and four (2.4%)
      represented the problem of pneumothorax after chest tube removal. The remaining
      eight complications (4.9%) were associated with positive bacterial cultures, two
      (1.2%) of which represented clinical empyema. Both cases of empyema had either
      prolonged chest tube placement (23 and 15 days) or multiple chest tubes (two and
      three) on the same side. Percutaneous chest tube thoracostomy remains an
      important facet in the management of certain types of blunt thoracic trauma.
      Associated risks can best be minimized with adherence to a standardized technique
      and management protocol.

PMID- 4025985
TI  - Comparison of EMT blood pressure measurements with an automated blood pressure
      monitor: on scene, during transport, and in the emergency department.
AB  - Auscultation or palpation of blood pressure in critically ill patients by
      emergency medical technicians (EMTs) can be difficult, if not impossible, because
      of ambient noise, motion artifact, limited access to patients, or weak pulses.
      Automated blood pressure monitors (ABPMs) have been designed to overcome these
      problems during field emergencies and patient transport. Our study compared blood
      pressure measurements taken by EMTs with measurements provided by a Lifestat
      ABPM. Measurements in emergency patients on scene, during transport, in the
      emergency department (ED), and in a controlled environment were compared.
      Measurements in the various sites were obtained from 57 patients, and provision
      was made for two measurements at each site. Comparison of on-scene systolic blood
      pressures yielded a mean absolute systolic difference of 10.46 +/- 1.42 mm Hg and
      a mean absolute diastolic difference of 9.33 +/- 1.32 mm Hg. During transport
      systolic pressures showed a mean absolute difference of 11.50 +/- 1.72 mm Hg, and
      diastolic pressures showed a mean absolute difference of 7.59 +/- 1.16 mm Hg.
      Mean absolute differences in the ED were 11.23 +/- 1.49 mm Hg systolic and 8.37
      +/- 1.25 mm Hg diastolic. Ninety comparison measurements in a controlled
      environment yielded a mean absolute systolic difference of 8.74 +/- 0.87 mm Hg
      and a mean absolute diastolic difference of 7.97 +/- 0.72 mm Hg. Comparison of
      mean diastolic pressure differences between EMT and ABPM measurements in various
      settings revealed some small, but statistically significant, discrepancies that
      were not considered clinically relevant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4025986
TI  - Microwave warming of resuscitation fluids.
AB  - Hypothermia is a common complication in fluid resuscitation of the hypovolemic
      patient. Warm intravenous (IV) fluids have been shown to be a valuable adjunct in
      volume replacement to prevent this complication. A rapid method of warming IV
      fluids is the microwave oven. Heating time for liter bags of crystalloid to 39 C
      was determined to be two minutes at high power, 600 W. Fresh frozen plasma was
      thawed with five 30-second exposures to microwave radiation. Microwave warming of
      packed red blood cells (PRBC), 4 C to 37 C, resulted in a 17-fold increase in
      plasma hemoglobin over that of water bath controls, (P greater than .01). Heating
      on a warm cycle to room temperature, 21 C, caused an average 26% increase in
      plasma hemoglobin. Therefore, we do not advocate microwave warming of PRBC
      because of the possible danger of local overheating, which causes hemolysis. We
      warm PRBC secondarily by diluting with microwave-warmed, calcium-free
      crystalloid.

PMID- 4025987
TI  - Reporting methodology protocols in three acute care journals.
AB  - Our study compared the reporting of methodology protocol details in three acute
      care journals, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, and Journal
      of Trauma. Eleven criteria previously reported for evaluation of clinical trials
      in the medical literature were used. These were eligibility criteria, admission
      before allocation, random allocation, method of randomization, patients'
      blindness to treatment, blind assessment of outcome, treatment complications,
      loss to follow-up, statistical methods, statistical analysis, and power. All
      prospective, interventional, controlled trials appearing in the journals from
      January 1980 to June 1983 were identified. A total of 45 trials was found. Each
      study was read independently by two reviewers to determine whether each of the 11
      criteria was reported clearly, reported unclearly, or not applicable.
      Disagreements were resolved by a third reader (adjudicator). The results are
      reported as the mean proportion of items clearly reported plus or minus the
      standard deviation: Annals of Emergency Medicine (n = 16), 0.40 +/- 0.18; Journal
      of Trauma (n = 18), 0.41 +/- 0.24; Critical Care Medicine (n = 11), 0.35 +/-
      0.18. A one-way analysis of variance found no statistically significant
      difference between journals with respect to these proportions (P = .75). The
      study reveals that these journals, as judged by these criteria, do not report
      enough methodologic information to allow assessment of bias-reducing techniques
      and statistical methodology.

PMID- 4025988
TI  - Intraosseous infusion: an alternative route of pediatric intravascular access.
AB  - Substantial difficulties can be encountered when establishing rapid intravascular
      access in critically ill children. The historic technique of tibial intraosseous
      infusion is presented as an alternate intravenous route in children less than 3
      years old. Review of the literature reveals this technique to be a rapid,
      reliable method with an acceptably low complication rate. Substances absorbed
      through the marrow, flow rates, technical difficulties, and complications are
      discussed.

PMID- 4025989
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysm with aortocaval fistula: an unusual cause of dyspnea
      and edema.

PMID- 4025990
TI  - Attending coverage.

PMID- 4025991
TI  - Intravenous mushroom poisoning.
AB  - Mushrooms of the genus Psilocybe frequently are ingested by recreational drug
      users for their hallucinogenic effects. We present the case of a 30-year-old man
      who allegedly received an intravenous injection of an extract of Psilocybe
      mushrooms. His clinical course was characterized in part by vomiting, severe
      myalgias, hyperpyrexia, hypoxemia, and mild methemoglobinemia, and it was similar
      to two previously reported cases. The patient improved rapidly with supportive
      care.

PMID- 4025992
TI  - Methylene chloride inhalation: an unusual form of drug abuse.
AB  - Methylene chloride is a chlorinated hydrocarbon used widely in home and industry.
      Its intentional abuse has not been reported previously. We describe the case of a
      14-year-old boy who presented with lethargy, nausea, and chills six hours after
      the intentional inhalation of a household product containing methylene chloride.
      The patient's elevated carboxyhemoglobin level responded well to 100% oxygen
      therapy. The pathophysiology and treatment of methylene chloride are discussed.

PMID- 4025993
TI  - Larval conjunctivitis: a case report.
AB  - Presented is a case of acute bilateral conjunctivitis in a healthy 28-year-old
      man with signs and symptoms resembling those of catarrhal conjunctivitis but
      resulting from infestation with larvae of the sheep nasal botfly. The patient was
      treated with neomycin ointment and neomycin/hydrocortisone ophthalmic solution.
      While not a common cause of conjunctivitis, larval conjunctivitis requires prompt
      identification in order to institute specific and unique therapy that will
      prevent serious morbidity.

PMID- 4025994
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the cervical spine: reversible quadraplegia resulting from
      Philadelphia collar placement.
AB  - Pyogenic osteomyelitis of the vertebrae accounts for 4% of all osteomyelitis, and
      is believed to be increasing in incidence. Pyogenic osteomyelitis of the cervical
      spine is even more uncommon, accounting for 10% of all spinal pyogenic
      osteomyelitis. Presented is a case of pyogenic osteomyelitis of the cervical
      spine in which appropriate methods of immobilization of the cervical spine
      resulted in a surgically reversible acute deterioration of the patient's
      neurologic status. While immobilization of the cervical spine remains the initial
      treatment of choice in most patients with suspected disease of the cervical
      spine, it is not without potential complications.

PMID- 4025995
TI  - Blunt abdominal trauma causing jejunal rupture.
AB  - Two cases of jejunal rupture from blunt abdominal trauma are described. One
      followed a motorcycle accident, and the other followed a punch to the abdomen.
      Both patients initially had unremarkable abdominal examinations. After surgical
      repair of the ruptures, the patients recovered uneventfully. Jejunal rupture
      secondary to blunt abdominal trauma is not common, but its subdued clinical
      presentation and the nonspecific laboratory findings make diagnosis difficult.
      High morbidity and mortality are associated with this type of injury when
      diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Small bowel rupture should be considered in
      any patient with a history of significant blunt abdominal trauma and persistent
      abdominal pain.

PMID- 4025996
TI  - Medical, moral, legal, and ethical aspects of resuscitation for the patient who
      will have minimal ability to function or ultimately survive. American College of
      Emergency Physicians, Dallas, Texas.

PMID- 4025997
TI  - Proving the efficacy of hospital-based HEMS.

PMID- 4025998
TI  - Residency essentials: quantify to assure quality.

PMID- 4025999
TI  - Trauma systems and their meaning.

PMID- 4026000
TI  - Asthma guidelines.

PMID- 4026001
TI  - Wound ballistics, round 3.

PMID- 4026002
TI  - COWS caloric test.

PMID- 4026003
TI  - Isolation of mononuclear cells from bovine milk by continuous-flow and density
      gradient centrifugation: response of cells to mitogens.
AB  - Continuous-flow centrifugation (CFC) and 2 types of discontinuous density
      gradients (Ficoll-diatrizoate or polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated colloidal silica)
      were used to obtain bovine mononuclear cells from milk. Determinants considered
      were efficiency of cell recovery, cell viability, and functional activity of the
      enriched cell population in a lymphocyte blastogenesis (LBT) assay. Milk
      leukocytes were recovered by CFC with an efficiency of 46% and a viability of
      63%. Selective loss of a cell population due to CFC was not observed. Using
      density gradients, enrichment was marginally effective (73% mononuclear cells
      with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated colloidal silica and 82% mononuclear cells with
      Ficoll-diatrizoate) and overall mononuclear cell efficiency of recovery was
      reduced. In comparison, using either density gradient, blood mononuclear cells
      were harvested with efficiencies of 61.5% and 63.4%, with 85.6% and 89.3%
      viability and greater than 99% purity. Compared with peripheral blood
      lymphocytes, milk mononuclear cells were less viable. When evaluated using the
      LBT assay, milk mononuclear cells were hyporesponsive to mitogenic stimulation,
      regardless of the density gradient used. The methods used allowed for the
      collection of a sufficient number of nonelicited milk mononuclear cells for
      replicate evaluation of several mitogens or antigens, using the LBT assay.
      Mononuclear cells recovered had a consistently reproducible blastogenic response
      to T-cell mitogens.

PMID- 4026004
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin at steady-state in ponies: serum, urine, and
      endometrial concentrations.
AB  - Gentamicin (GT) was administered IM to 6 healthy mature mare ponies at a dosage
      of 5 mg/kg of body weight every 8 hours for 7 consecutive days (total, 21 doses).
      Two venous blood samples were collected before (trough) and at 1 hour (peak)
      after the 5th, 10th, 14th, and 19th doses. An endometrial biopsy was done of each
      mare on days 4 and 7. On the 7th day, just before the 21st administration of GT,
      base-line blood samples were collected, and 22 blood samples were collected over
      a period of 48 hours after GT was given. The mares were catheterized on the 7th
      day, and urine was collected for 24 hours. Serum, urine, and endometrial GT
      concentrations were determined by a radioimmunoassay technique (sensitivity of
      0.3 micrograms/ml of serum). Serum GT concentration data obtained from the
      terminal phase were best fitted by a 1-compartment open model with a biological
      half-life of 2.13 +/- 0.43 hours. Total body clearance and renal clearance were
      1.69 +/- 0.41 and 1.40 +/- 0.26 ml/min/kg, respectively. Mean endometrial
      concentrations on day 4 and day 7 were 5.02 +/- 3.3 and 12.75 +/- 1.6
      micrograms/g. To achieve mean serum GT concentrations (micrograms/ml) at steady
      state of 6.47 +/- 1.51, a maximum steady-state concentration of 12.74 +/- 1.60,
      and a minimum steady-state concentration of 1.43 +/- 0.57, a dosage of 5 mg/kg
      every 8 hours is recommended. Serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and the
      fractional clearance of sodium sulfanilate were determined before and after GT
      treatment. Renal function remained within the base-line range during 7 days of GT
      administration.

PMID- 4026005
TI  - Photomicrographic evaluation of stallion spermatozoal motility characteristics.
AB  - A photomicrographic method for evaluation of stallion spermatozoal motility was
      developed, and spermatozoal image and velocity characteristics were defined. The
      photomicrographic method was compared with visual estimation of motility in the
      same semen sample over time. Using photomicrography, velocities and percentages
      of individual spermatozoal image characteristics were determined. Although there
      was a high correlation between results of the 2 methods, results of the
      photomicrographic method were more repeatable than were those of the visual
      method.

PMID- 4026006
TI  - Antagonism of xylazine-pentobarbital anesthesia by yohimbine in ponies.
AB  - Effects of yohimbine on xylazine-pentobarbital anesthesia were evaluated in
      ponies. Five minutes after the IV injection of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg of body
      weight), pentobarbital sodium (12.7 mg/kg, IV) and additional xylazine (2.2
      mg/kg, IM) were given and produced anesthesia in 12 ponies for 64.0 +/- 16.4
      minutes (mean +/- SD) as well as immobilization for 89.8 +/- 34.2 minutes. Eleven
      ponies were given yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg, IV) 50 minutes after pentobarbital
      dosing. In these 11 ponies, durations of anesthesia and immobilization were
      shorter, 52.0 +/- 1.4 and 65.5 +/- 14.8 minutes, respectively. The xylazine
      pentobarbital combination caused bradycardia that was reversed by yohimbine
      injection. Xylazine-pentobarbital produced a small, but steady, decrease of mean
      arterial blood pressure, which was compounded by yohimbine administration and was
      evident for approximately 2 minutes. Within a minute after yohimbine injection,
      the ponies' respiratory rate decreased and the length of inspiration and
      expiration and thoracic breathing increased. This lasted approximately 2 to 3
      minutes and was followed by an increase in respiratory rate. The anesthesia also
      produced a decrease in PaO2 that gradually returned to base line in 12 control
      ponies, but was more pronounced in 11 ponies given yohimbine. The PaCO2, although
      remaining moderately high in control ponies, returned to base line after
      yohimbine injection. An increased pHa was seen 60 minutes after induction of
      anesthesia and was especially noticeable after yohimbine administration.
      Decreases in the number of WBC, hemoglobin content, PCV, plasma protein and serum
      aspartate transaminase resulting from xylazine-pentobarbital were reversed by
      yohimbine. Conversely, serum glucose values and creatine kinase activities were
      increased by xylazine-pentobarbital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026007
TI  - Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine.
AB  - Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months
      were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a
      fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5
      months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was
      composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage.
      Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface
      of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals,
      the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of
      fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal
      bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which
      retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the
      anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the
      transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.

PMID- 4026008
TI  - Compartmental and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses of minocycline
      hydrochloride in the dog.
AB  - Six adult dogs were given 5 mg of minocycline hydrochloride/kg of body weight IV.
      Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the serum drug concentration versus time data was
      performed, using the 2-compartment open model, the 3-compartment open model, and
      a noncompartmental model involving use of the statistical moment theory. All
      pharmacokinetic values except clearance were model independent. Minocycline half
      life ranged between 6.48 and 7.24 hours; volume of distribution at steady state,
      between 1.859 +/- 0.368 and 2.001 +/- 0.468 L/kg; and clearance, between 3.195 +/
      0.618 and 3.424 +/- 0.684 ml/min/kg. These data are similar to those reported
      for oxytetracycline and indicate that the frequency of administration of the 2
      tetracyclines should be the same. Three of the 6 dogs developed an adverse
      response to the IV injection of minocycline. Dog 1 developed urticaria and had
      initial serum drug concentrations of approximately 2 times the mean
      concentrations for the other dogs; values were not included in the
      pharmacokinetic analysis. Two other dogs had transient signs indicating
      cardiovascular depression or hypotension; their data were included. Due to the
      frequency of the unexpected reactions found in this study, it was concluded that
      dogs should not be given minocycline rapidly IV.

PMID- 4026009
TI  - Evaluation of the zetacrit and zeta sedimentation ratio in dogs.
AB  - The Wintrobe erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) has been used in animals and
      persons as a screening test for inflammatory disease and as a monitor for disease
      progression in individuals. Now, the zetacrit (ZC) and zeta sedimentation ratio
      (ZSR) are suggested as suitable rapid laboratory tests to replace the ESR in
      dogs. In 65 dogs, a strong inverse correlation between ESR and ZC was observed (r
      = -0.961, P less than 0.05). Significant correlations of similar magnitude
      between ZC and hematocrit (r = 0.587, P less than 0.05) and ESR and Hct (r =
      0.569, P less than 0.05) were observed. In addition, influences of various
      protein fractions, such as fibrinogen, globulin, and albumin, on the ESR and ZC
      were evaluated and found to be of similar magnitude. These data indicate that ESR
      and ZC are equivalent methods for determining erythrocyte sedimentation rates in
      dogs. A strong correlation (r = 0.900, P less than 0.05) between Wintrobe ESR,
      adjusted for the effect of Hct (ESRHct), and ZSR was observed. The influence of
      plasma proteins on ESRHct and ZSR was of similar magnitude. However, a weak yet
      significant correlation between ESRHct and the microhematocrit remained (r =
      0.291, P less than 0.05). Data indicate that the latter more effectively factors
      out the influence of Hct on sedimentation.

PMID- 4026011
TI  - Regional hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in dogs with asymptomatic
      dirofilariasis.
AB  - The pulmonary hemodynamic response to unilateral alveolar hypoxia was
      investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs with mild heartworm (HW) disease
      and in dogs free of HW (HWF). Left lung nitrogen ventilation in HWF dogs resulted
      in a decrease in the fraction of the cardiac output (QT) perfusing the left lung
      (QL) from 0.37 +/- 0.03 (SEM) to 0.20 +/- 0.02 (P less than 0.01). In contrast,
      dogs with mild HW disease did not develop a significant decrease in QL/QT which
      decreased from 0.38 +/- 0.02 to 0.33 +/- 0.02. This attenuated pulmonary vascular
      response to regional alveolar hypoxia in dogs with HW disease was associated with
      a normal pulmonary arterial pressure (14.8 +/- 1.5 mm of Hg) that was not
      different from that seen in HWF dogs (15.8 +/- 1.7 mm of Hg). These results
      indicate that mild HW disease interferes with the ability of hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction to redistribute pulmonary blood flow away from hypoxic regions
      of the lung.

PMID- 4026010
TI  - Comparison of crystalloid and sanguineous cardioplegic solutions in the dog.
AB  - Myocardial protection provided by 2 types of cold cardioplegic solution and by
      cold saline solution was compared experimentally in dogs on cardiopulmonary
      bypass. Techniques and solutions used simulated clinical conditions. Serial
      biopsies of myocardium were assayed for adenosine triphosphate, adenosine
      diphosphate, and adenosine monophosphate. Maintenance and recovery of each
      phosphate was calculated as a percentage of the prebypass value for each type of
      solution; these values were used to compare the myocardial protection afforded by
      the 3 solutions. A difference in these values was not observed between the 2
      types of cardioplegic solution; both values were greater than for the control
      solution, which may indicate improved myocardial protection with cardioplegic
      arrest.

PMID- 4026012
TI  - Tympanographic volume measurements of the canine ear.
AB  - External ear canal volumes of 50 dogs were measured by tympanography. Comparison
      between each dog's weight and ear volume revealed a linear increase in volume
      with increasing weight up to 10 kg. At weights greater than 11 kg, ear volumes
      did not increase. After ear canal measurement, the tympanic membranes of 30 of
      the dogs were punctured, permitting determination of the combined volumes of the
      external ear canal and middle ear. This combined volume increased with increasing
      weight.

PMID- 4026013
TI  - Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-methemoglobin reductase activity in
      erythrocytes from cats.
AB  - Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-methemoglobin reductase activity
      in feline erythrocyte lysates was determined, using potassium ferricyanide as
      substrate. The optimum conditions for the assay were pH 8 and 37 C. Mean NADH
      ferricyanide reductase activity in cats was 15.7 +/- 4.1 mumoles of substrate
      converted/g of hemoglobin/min. The migration of NADH-ferricyanide reductase was
      similar to that of the NADH-methemoglobin reductase (NADH diaphorase) on starch
      gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 4026014
TI  - Serum concentrations of gentamicin in cats.
AB  - Twenty-one adult cats, allotted into 2 groups, were given gentamicin sulfate at
      dosages of either 5.0 mg/kg of body weight or 2.5 mg/kg as a single IM injection.
      During a 24-hour period, serum concentrations of gentamicin were measured
      serially, using a fluorescence immunoassay. The mean peak serum concentration of
      gentamicin in cats given 5.0 mg/kg was 23.1 micrograms/ml at postinjection hour
      (PIH) 0.5; thereafter, the mean serum concentration steadily decreased to 2.0
      micrograms/ml at PIH 24. The mean peak serum concentration for cats administered
      2.5 mg/kg was 9.1 micrograms/ml at PIH 0.5; thereafter, the mean serum
      concentration steadily decreased to 1.3 micrograms/ml at PIH 12. Serum
      therapeutic concentrations, without exceeding toxic concentrations, were attained
      at the 2.5 mg/kg dosage.

PMID- 4026015
TI  - Induction of cleft palate in newborn pigs by maternal ingestion of poison hemlock
      (Conium maculatum).
AB  - Cleft palates were induced in newborn pigs of gilts fed Conium maculatum seed or
      plant during gestation days 30 through 45. Twelve of 23 newborn pigs born to 3
      gilts given Utah-grown C maculatum seed and 9 of 12 newborn pigs born to a single
      gilt given the fresh Utah spring-growth C maculatum plant had cleft palates. The
      cleft palates ranged from a unilateral cleft, involving only 1 side of the
      palate, to a full bilateral cleft. Brachygnathia was also observed in some of
      these newborn pigs with cleft palate. Other malformations were not observed.
      Chemical analysis of seed and plant samples indicated that gamma-coniceine was
      the responsible teratogenic alkaloid. A daily dose of plant or seed that provided
      greater than or equal to 1.07 mg of gamma-coniceine/kg of body weight fed to
      gilts during the 30th through the 45th day of pregnancy resulted in teratogenic
      effects.

PMID- 4026016
TI  - Correlation of noninvasive surface temperature measurement with rectal
      temperature in swine.
AB  - Skin and rectal temperature measurements were taken on 15 crossbred sows and
      gilts (225 kg) during the last 5 days of prepartum period and compared with those
      recorded in the first 8 days after parturition. The correlation of skin and
      rectal temperature values was not good during either period, although an
      increased correlation was noted in the postparturient period. The rectal
      temperature significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in the postparturient
      period, but the mean surface temperature was unchanged. This would indicate a
      decreased blood flow to the surface, since an equivalent blood flow to the
      surface after a rectal temperature increase would result in a concomitant mean
      surface temperature increase. The decreased flow to the surface of the animal was
      selective, since a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in surface temperature
      was noted at the tailhead, perineum, vulva, mammae-caudal, and eye, whereas the
      surface temperature of the mammae-cranial and mammae-middle was significantly (P
      less than 0.05) increased.

PMID- 4026017
TI  - Comparison of carbonated lidocaine and lidocaine hydrochloride for caudal
      epidural anesthesia in horses.
AB  - A double-blind comparison of carbonated lidocaine and lidocaine hydrochloride in
      caudal epidural anesthesia was performed in 8 horses. Among 5 horses with
      successfully paired bilateral caudal epidural blockades, no significant
      differences in onset time, duration, or sensory blockade were demonstrated. In
      the present study, carbonated lidocaine did not offer an advantage over the
      hydrochloride salt for caudal epidural anesthesia in the horse.

PMID- 4026018
TI  - Suppression of mitogenic response of bovine lymphocytes during experimental
      ketosis in calves.
AB  - Experimental ketosis was induced by feeding calves a diet containing 1,3
      butanediol for 9 or 10 days. Blood beta-hydroxybutyrate was significantly (P less
      than 0.05) elevated during clinical ketosis. The mitogenic response of the
      lymphocytes collected during ketosis was significantly (P less than 0.01)
      suppressed, and the suppression persisted for 2 weeks. During ketosis, all calves
      fed a 1,3 butanediol diet had clinical signs of an upper respiratory tract
      infection. Possible relationships between the suppressed function of lymphocytes,
      the increased concentration of 1,3 butanediol, and the increased susceptibility
      of the calves to infections during ketosis were considered.

PMID- 4026020
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics of febantel and its metabolites in sheep and cattle.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of febantel and its main metabolites were studied in cattle
      and sheep. Seven ewes and 4 heifers were given febantel orally in a single dose
      of 7.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, or 45 mg/kg of body weight. Plasma concentrations vs time
      of febantel and individual metabolites were determined by high-performance liquid
      chromatography analysis. Intestinal absorption of febantel was faster and
      biotransformations were more active in sheep than in cattle.

PMID- 4026019
TI  - Borrelia theileri: isolation from ticks (Boophilus microplus) and tick-borne
      transmission between splenectomized calves.
AB  - The bovine spirochete, Borrelia theileri, was detected in Giemsastained blood
      smears from a splenectomized calf 17 days after exposure to a laboratory colony
      of the tropical cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. Spirochetes were detected in
      the hemolymph and ovary of all engorged female ticks examined, indicating a high
      infection rate in this tick colony. Spirochetes were detected in a 2nd
      splenectomized calf 15 days after exposure to the larval offspring of ticks from
      the 1st calf. The only observable effect of infection in the 2 calves was a
      maximum rectal temperature increase to 40.2 C, which coincided with the first
      detectable parasitemia. The tick colony did not have any adverse effects, despite
      extensive multiplication of spirochetes in their tissues.

PMID- 4026021
TI  - Percutaneous trephine biopsy of the vertebral body in the rhesus monkey (Macaca
      mulatta).
AB  - Two methods of percutaneous vertebral body biopsy were performed in the Rhesus
      monkey, using a 3-mm diameter trephine and a pneumatic driver placed at a 30
      degrees angle of approach to the transverse plane of the spine. The freehand
      method involved placing needle landmarks in the spine, followed by examination of
      a lateral radiograph of the lumbar region to verify landmark positioning and to
      estimate placement of the trephine. In the 2nd method, a pneumatic trephine guide
      was oriented according to a trigonometric calculation based on radiographic data.
      The pneumatic trephine guide allowed precise placement of the driver and steadied
      the trephine as it passed through the bone.

PMID- 4026022
TI  - Creatine kinase isoenzymes in bovine tissue.
AB  - Brain, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, rumen, abomasum, small intestine,
      skeletal muscle, and urinary bladder from healthy cattle were analyzed for
      creatine kinase isoenzymes as a possible aid in the diagnosis of myocardial
      disease. Creatine kinase was detected in all organs evaluated. In addition, 6
      different fluorescing bands were detected by isoenzyme analysis. Large quantities
      of the same isoenzymes were in cardiac and skeletal muscle, but not in other
      organs. Creatine kinase isoenzyme analysis does not necessarily indicate cardiac
      damage, but may narrow the range of tissue damage possibilities to be included in
      the differential diagnosis.

PMID- 4026023
TI  - Effect of wound location and the use of topical collagen gel on exuberant
      granulation tissue formation and wound healing in the horse and pony.
AB  - Preformed collagen gel was topically applied to cutaneous wounds of the equine
      dorsal fetlock (thoracic limb) and metatarsal regions to evaluate the effect on
      exuberant granulation tissue production and wound healing. In 6 horses and 3
      ponies (less than 140 cm high at the withers and less than 365 kg), 36
      standardized cutaneous limb wounds were surgically induced (4 wounds/animal); 18
      wounds were treated topically with collagen gel, and 18 wounds were not treated
      (controls). Collagen gel was initially applied to the wound at 0, 2, or 7 days
      after wound formation (groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Four measurements were
      regularly made: amount of wound contraction and the size of the granulation bed,
      epithelial covering, and total wound. Sequential skin and wound biopsies were
      evaluated histologically to assess wound healing. Using a computer, data were
      analyzed for differences in the 4 measurements between treated and control
      wounds, between fetlock wounds and metatarsal wounds, and among groups 1, 2, and
      3. Analyses were performed on days 15 and 45 of wound healing and on the final
      day of healing. A significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in the production
      of exuberant granulation tissue, rate of epithelialization, or degree of wound
      contraction was not detected between the collagen-treated and control wounds.
      Total healing time and final scar size were similar. Wound healing patterns were
      significantly different (P less than 0.05) in the fetlock wounds and metatarsal
      wounds. All wounds enlarged up to day 15 with fetlock wounds enlarging
      significantly more than did the metatarsal wounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4026024
TI  - Brain stem auditory-evoked response in the nonanesthetized horse and pony.
AB  - The brain stem auditory-evoked response (BAER) was measured in 10 horses and 7
      ponies under conditions suitable for clinical diagnostic testing. Latencies of 5
      vertex-positive peaks and interpeak latency and amplitude ratio on the 1st and
      4th peaks were determined. Data from horses and ponies were analyzed separately
      and were compared. The stimulus was a click (n = 3,000) ranging from 10- to 90-dB
      hearing level (HL). Neither horses nor ponies responded with a BAER at 10 dB nor
      did they give reliable responses at less than 50 dB. The 2nd of the BAER waves
      appeared in the record at lower stimulus intensities than did the 1st wave for
      the horse and pony. Horses and ponies had a decreasing latency for all waves, as
      a result of increasing stimulus intensity. Latencies were shorter for the ponies
      than for the horses at all stimulus intensities for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
      waves, but not the 5th wave. At 60-dB HL, the mean latencies for the 1st through
      5th wave, respectively, for the horse were 1.73, 3.08, 3.93, 4.98, and 6.00 ms
      and for the pony 1.48, 2.73, 3.50, 4.56, and 6.58 ms. Interpeak latencies, 1st to
      4th wave, averaged 3.22 ms (horse) and 3.11 ms (pony) for all stimulus
      intensities from 50- to 90-dB HL and had a tendency to decrease slightly as
      stimulus intensity increased. Amplitude ratios (4th wave/1st wave) were less than
      1 for all stimulus intensities in the horse. In the pony, the ratio was less than
      1 at greater than or equal to 70-dB HL and greater than 1 at less than or equal
      to 60-dB HL.

PMID- 4026025
TI  - Porcine malignant hyperthermia susceptibility: erythrocytic osmotic fragility.
AB  - Erythrocyte osmotic fragility was determined in 27 Pietrain swine which were
      susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH), 29 Yorkshire swine which were
      resistant to MH (controls), and 50 crossbred swine (Pietrain x Yorkshire), half
      of which were MH susceptible. Halothane challenge tests and blood creatine kinase
      activity were used as criteria for determining MH susceptibility. Mean values for
      osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in concentrations of NaCl between 60 and 120 mM
      were significantly different for the 3 groups (P less than 0.001). Hemolysis
      (50%) of erythrocytes occurred at NaCl concentrations of 90 mM for Pietrains, 85
      mM for crossbreds, and 78 mM for controls. Increased fragility values occurred in
      96% of the Pietrains, 3% of the controls, and 42% of crossbred swine that were
      halothane test-positive, and 58% of halothane test-negative crossbreds (P less
      than 0.05). The mean time of onset of signs of MH in response to halothane
      challenge testing was twice as long in the crossbreds as in Pietrains (P less
      than 0.01). Reticulocyte counts were moderately high in blood samples from both
      the Pietrains (P less than 0.001) and the crossbreds (P less than 0.05). Of the
      swine which were tested for erythrocyte selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase
      activity, values were within acceptable laboratory limits in 18 of 20 Pietrains,
      14 of 14 halothane test-negative crossbreds, and 8 of 8 halothane test-positive
      crossbreds. In 2 of 20 Pietrains, a 35% deficiency of this enzyme was found.
      Heinz bodies were not detected in erythrocytes examined from 21 Pietrains, 20
      crossbred swine (8 halothane test positives), and 12 controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026026
TI  - Effect of transportation on cortisol concentrations and on the circadian rhythm
      of cortisol in gilts.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine whether the circadian rhythm of cortisol in
      gilts is disrupted or altered by transport. Sixteen ovariectomized gilts with
      indwelling jugular catheters were individually penned in an enclosed building
      (location 1). Blood samples were collected at 0700 and 1900 hours for 6 days. On
      day 7, gilts in groups of 4 were transported 5.6 km to environmentally controlled
      chambers (25 C) and were individually penned (location 2). On the day of
      transport, samples were collected at 0700 hours at location 1, immediately before
      and after transport in a trailer, after unloading at location 2, and at 1900
      hours at location 2. For the first 6 days at location 2, blood samples were
      collected daily at 0700 and 1900 hours. For the 6 days at location 1, circadian
      rhythm was evidenced by higher cortisol concentrations in the AM hours than in
      the PM hours. During transport, serum cortisol concentrations increased (P less
      than 0.01). Highest concentrations developed at 0.5 hour after unloading;
      concentrations declined thereafter. During the first 6 days at location 2,
      circadian rhythm was evidenced by higher serum cortisol concentrations in the AM
      hours than in the PM hours. Therefore, the transportation of gilts 5.6 km to new
      pens was a transient stress causing a temporary increase in serum cortisol
      concentrations, but did not cause a disruption in the endogenous rhythm of
      cortisol.

PMID- 4026027
TI  - Effect of sodium heparin and antithrombin III concentration on activated partial
      thromboplastin time in the dog.
AB  - Regulation of blood coagulation was studied in 12 dogs, using subcutaneous
      administration of sodium heparin. Dosage of heparin needed to achieve the desired
      1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was
      250 to 500 IU/kg of body weight. Increased APTT lasted less than 6 hours.
      Repeated heparin administration, using the lowest dosage (250 IU/kg) every 6
      hours, induced an unacceptable prolongation of clotting times during the first 2
      days of treatment. Prolonged administration at a dosage of 200 IU/kg every 6
      hours adequately maintained the desired hypocoagulative state initially; after 2
      days, however, the prolonged APTT steadily decreased. The decreasing effect was
      proportionate to a decrease in plasma antithrombin III (AT III). To sustain a
      correctly balanced hypocoagulative state from prolonged subcutaneous
      administration of heparin, APTT values should be determined regularly to monitor
      therapy. In addition, transfusion of AT III-rich donor plasma may be necessary
      when low plasma AT III reduces the effects of heparin.

PMID- 4026028
TI  - Contractile responses to histamine of isolated pulmonary artery strips from
      healthy and heartworm-infected dogs.
AB  - Pulmonary artery strips from control and Dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs were
      tested for isometric contractile response to histamine, carbamylcholine, and
      norepinephrine. The strips from D immitis-positive dogs showed diminished
      response to histamine; a smaller percentage of the strips contracted, and the
      magnitude of the contraction was less than the response of the control strips to
      the highest concentration used. Carbamylcholine caused virtually no contractile
      effect in either group. Norepinephrine contracted all strips, even those not
      responding to histamine. A role for histamine in the pathogenesis of the
      pulmonary arterial lesions associated with dirofilariasis is presented.

PMID- 4026029
TI  - Anatomic predisposition to perianal fistulae formation in the German shepherd
      dog.
AB  - Gross and microanatomic features which may predispose the German Shepherd Dog to
      perianal fistulae formation were studied in 2 groups of clinically healthy dogs:
      a predisposed group (German Shepherd Dogs) and a control group comprising breeds
      not ordinarily affected by perianal fistulae. The dimensions of the anal crypts
      (depth, base width, and length), measured and compared statistically between
      samples, identified no significant variation between groups (P greater than
      0.05). Major tissue components of the anal canal were measured microscopically
      and were similarly evaluated: epithelial height in each zone, thickness of the
      lamina propria in each zone, thickness of the internal and external anal
      sphincter muscles, and density of the circumanal, sebaceous, and apocrine sweat
      glands. The only significant finding was an increase in density of apocrine sweat
      glands in the zona cutanea in the pre-disposed dog group. In a semiquantitative
      analysis of the inflammatory responses frequently seen in the anal glands, more
      mature fibroplasia was seen in the German Shepherd Dogs, indicating that
      inflammation was more longstanding in this group.

PMID- 4026030
TI  - Echocardiographic reference values in healthy cats sedated with ketamine
      hydrochloride.
AB  - An M-mode echocardiographic examination was performed in a consistent manner in
      30 clinically healthy cats under light ketamine hydrochloride sedation. There was
      a significant linear relationship between increasing body size and increasing
      cardiac dimensions for several echocardiographic values. Positive correlation
      existed between body weight and body surface area with aortic root, left
      ventricular caudal wall thickness (LVCW), interventricular septal thickness
      (IVS), IVS/LVCW, and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf);
      there was a negative correlation between body weight and body surface area with
      left ventricular ejection time (LVET). Body surface area also correlated
      positively with percentage of ventricular minor axis dimensional change (% delta
      D). Positive correlations were recorded between left ventricular end-diastolic
      dimension (LVEDD) and left ventricular endsystolic dimension (LVESD), LVESD and
      LVET, LVCW and IVS, LVET (calculated by LVCW motion) and LVET (calculated by
      aortic valve motion), % delta D and Vcf, heart rate and Vcf, and Vcf (calculated
      using aortic valve motion to compute LVET) and Vcf (using LVCW motion to compute
      LVET). There were negative correlations between LVEDD and % delta D, LVEDD and
      Vcf, LVESD and Vcf, LVET and Vcf, LVET and heart rate, LVET and % delta D.
      Significant differences were recorded between means of echocardiographic
      reference values generated in this and other studies, except for LVESD.

PMID- 4026032
TI  - Intestinal phospholipase B activity in pigs inoculated with transmissible
      gastroenteritis virus.
AB  - Intestinal phospholipase B activity in pigs inoculated with transmissible
      gastroenteritis (TGE) virus was studied. Phospholipase activity was quantified by
      measuring the hydrolytic release of free fatty acids in homogenized intestinal
      tissue incubated with lysophosphatidylcholine. An increase in enzyme activity was
      observed in the cranial and caudal portions of the ileum and jejunum in pigs
      killed 3, 6, and 8 days after inoculation with TGE virus. Seemingly,
      phospholipase B may be part of the host immune response against TGE viral
      infection.

PMID- 4026031
TI  - Effects of various antidotal treatments on acetaminophen toxicosis and
      biotransformation in cats.
AB  - Oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC), IV NAC, and IV sodium sulfate were evaluated as
      treatments for cats dosed orally with toxic sublethal doses of acetaminophen
      (APAP). Six cats were given single oral doses of 120 mg of APAP/kg of body weight
      and the respective antidote at 4.5, 8.5, and 12.5 hours after APAP dosing in 3
      separate trials. The cats were given each antidotal treatment in random order
      with at least 3 weeks separating the individual APAP-treated trials. Clinical
      signs, plasma APAP half-lives, clinical chemical values, and APAP urinary
      excretion and metabolites were studied. Results were compared (P less than 0.05)
      with each other and with those of a control group of 6 cats given identical APAP
      doses, but given no antidotal treatment. At the dosage levels used, oral NAC, IV
      NAC, and IV sodium sulfate were equally effective antidotes, as measured by
      decreased methemoglobinemia, increased whole blood reduced glutathione, decreased
      APAP half-lives, and increased urinary excretion of the APAP-sulfate conjugate.
      All the antidotal treatments produced results significantly different from those
      in the control cats.

PMID- 4026033
TI  - Effects of experimentally induced Isospora suis infection on morbidity,
      mortality, and weight gains in nursing pigs.
AB  - Forty-nine pigs from 6 litters were inoculated at 3 days of age with 300,000
      sporulated oocysts of Isospora suis to determine the effects of neonatal
      coccidiosis on morbidity, mortality, and weight gain in nursing pigs. Fifty-one
      control pigs from 6 litters were not inoculated. Three to 5 days after
      inoculation, the inoculated pigs developed a nonhemorrhagic diarrhea, generally
      lasting 6 to 10 days, that lead to visible dehydration, loss of condition, and
      20.4% mortality. Control pigs did not die or develop coccidiosis during the 3
      week study and had significantly (P less than 0.05) greater body weights at 7,
      14, and 21 days of age than did the inoculated pigs.

PMID- 4026034
TI  - Diagnosis of ovine fascioliasis by a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: a
      rapid microdiagnostic technique.
AB  - A microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) was modified for making an
      immunodiagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infections in sheep. Sheep were alloted as
      follows: group I-3 controls and 4 principals, each inoculated with 500
      metacercariae; group II-3 controls and 7 principals, each inoculated with 250
      metacercariae; and group III-3 controls and 7 principals, each inoculated with
      500 metacercariae. Blood and fecal samples were collected from each animal every
      2 weeks for 16 weeks. Presence (or absence) of flukes was confirmed by fecal
      examinations and examination of dissected livers at necropsy of the sheep. The
      dot-ELISA incubations were done at ambient room temperature. Nitrocellulose disks
      dotted with 1 microliter (50 ng of protein) of F hepatica excretory/secretory
      products were placed in 96-well tissue culture plates. After nonspecific binding
      sites on the disks were bound with bovine serum albumin-triethanolamine-buffered
      saline solution, dilutions (1:2) of positive- and negative-control serum samples
      or experimental serum samples were placed in appropriate wells for a 30-minute
      incubation. Wells were washed (3 times), and 50 microliters of horseradish
      peroxidase conjugated rabbit anti-sheep immunoglobulin G was added to each well
      for a 30-minute incubation and then aspirated. Substrate solution (4-chloro-1
      naphthol, methanol, triethanolamine-buffered saline solution, and H2O2; 50
      microliters) was added for a 30-minute incubation and then aspirated. Disks were
      air dried for visualization: solid purple dot = positive sample, or no dot =
      negative sample.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026035
TI  - Radiotelemetric determination of gastrointestinal pH in four healthy beagles.
AB  - A radiotelemetric technique for monitoring canine gastrointestinal function with
      clinical and research applications is described. Continuous gastrointestinal pH
      profiles for base-line (fasted) and postprandial states were recorded for a 6
      hour test period in 4 Beagles, using a radiotelemetric device (Heidelberg
      capsule). Base-line gastric pH values were between 0.9 and 2.5 during the first
      30 minutes, with a mean +/- SEM of 1.5 +/- 0.04. Postprandial gastric pH values
      varied between 0.5 and 3.5 during the first 30 minutes, with a mean of 2.1 +/-
      0.04. Base-line duodenal pH values during the initial 5 minutes after gastric
      emptying varied from 4.5 to 7.5 with a mean of 6.1 +/- 0.1, and for the initial
      60-minute post-gastric emptying, pH ranged from 4.5 to greater than 8.0 (beyond
      capsule calibration limit) with a mean of 6.7 +/- 0.05. The pH tended to increase
      linearly with time during the initial 60 minutes in the intestine. Mean gastric
      residence time of the capsule was 74 +/- 26.5 minutes in the fasted state (range
      0 to 240 minutes). Postprandially, the capsule remained in the stomach for the
      duration of the 6-hour observation period.

PMID- 4026036
TI  - Technique for percutaneous pulmonary arterial catheterization in conscious dogs.
AB  - A technique was developed to allow percutaneous placement and exchange of
      pulmonary arterial catheters in conscious dogs. Seven dogs were catheterized
      weekly for 5 weeks, using a 10-gauge over-the-needle cannula. A No. 7 F flow
      directed catheter was passed through the cannula to measure right heart and
      pulmonary arterial pressures and to calculate cardiac output. The flow-directed
      catheter was removed and replaced with an arteriographic catheter, and a
      pulmonary arteriogram was performed. Placement in alternate jugular or saphenous
      veins each week resulted in successful catheterizations in all dogs evaluated.

PMID- 4026037
TI  - Changes in digital venous pressures of horses moving at the walk and trot.
AB  - Blood pressures from the catheterized lateral digital vein of the fore-limbs of 6
      clinically normal horses were measured at rest, at the walk, and at the trot.
      Digital venous pressures were compared with the phases of the stride and weight
      bearing forces, using electrogoniometry and a force platform. Rapid increases in
      digital venous pressures to maximal values were observed immediately before
      maximal forces during the support period of the stride. At the trot, increases in
      peak vertical forces were paralleled by increases in peak digital venous
      pressures. Seemingly, the hydrodynamics of the digital circulatory system help to
      dissipate the initial impact of hoof strike at the walk and the trot.

PMID- 4026038
TI  - Changes in urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations in the vitreous humor of
      cattle after death.
AB  - The mean urea nitrogen concentration in vitreous humor (VUN) in 97 healthy steers
      after death was 15.7 mg/dl. The mean serum urea nitrogen concentration in the
      same cattle was 20.0 mg/dl. The mean vitreous creatinine (VC) concentration was
      0.7 mg/dl, and the serum creatinine value was 1.5 mg/dl. The VUN and VC were both
      significantly lower than serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, respectively,
      but varied in a consistent, predictable manner. In tests with 10 cows, postmortem
      intervals as long as 36 hours and ambient temperatures up to 30 C had no
      significant effects on VUN and VC. Evaluation of 8 animals with uremia confirmed
      that the vitreous humor is a stable fluid compartment after death, usable as an
      indicator of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine.

PMID- 4026039
TI  - Comparative efficacy of clorsulon and albendazole against Fasciola hepatica in
      cattle.
AB  - In a dosage-confirmation trial, anthelmintic activities of clorsulon and
      albendazole against Fasciola hepatica were evaluated and compared. Twenty-eight
      cattle (8 to 12 months old) with natural F hepatica infections were randomly
      allotted to 4 groups of 7 cattle each: group 1, no treatment (controls); group 2,
      clorsulon suspension given orally at 3.5 mg/kg of body weight; group 3, clorsulon
      suspension given orally at 7 mg/kg; and group 4, albendazole paste given orally
      at 10 mg/kg. At necropsies, performed 7 and 8 days after treatment, control
      cattle harbored a geometric mean of 133.2 F hepatica, 16.0 of which were
      immature. Clorsulon administered at 3.5 mg/kg or 7 mg/kg resulted in greater than
      99% removal of F hepatica, including immatures. Albendazole treatment resulted in
      a 76% overall reduction in F hepatica, including a 91% reduction of immatures.
      Fascioloides magna also were found in the cattle, but neither clorsulon nor
      albendazole caused significant reductions of the parasite. Adverse reactions to
      the 2 drugs were not observed.

PMID- 4026040
TI  - Serum selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities in cattle
      grazing forages of various selenium concentrations.
AB  - In cows from 15 dairy herds (n = 210), serum selenium (Se) concentrations ranged
      from 0.021 to 0.789 microgram/ml, whereas 0.05 to 0.40 microgram/ml is the
      reported range for adequate serum Se concentrations in cattle. Serum Se
      concentrations of dairy cattle appeared to follow a geographic distribution
      pattern. On the basis of herd mean serum Se concentrations, adequate serum Se
      concentrations were found in cattle from only 1 of 5 herds grazing forage in the
      geographic area classified as Se deficient for cattle. Adequate mean serum Se
      concentrations were found in cattle from 4 of 5 herds located in geographic areas
      described as having variable forage Se concentrations (Se-marginal areas). Of the
      10 herds from these 2 areas, there were only 2 herds in which 95% of the cattle
      had serum Se concentrations in the Se-adequate range (0.05 to 0.40 microgram/ml).
      In 2 selected neighboring farms in the Se-deficient area, cattle in 1 herd had
      adequate serum Se concentrations and cattle in the other herd had less than
      adequate serum Se concentrations (less than 0.05 microgram/ml). Therefore, more
      cattle are at risk of developing Se-deficiency disease than is commonly believed
      and forage of neighboring farms may have different Se concentrations. Serum Se
      concentrations (up to 0.789 microgram/ml) correlated with glutathione peroxidase
      enzyme activity; this serum Se concentration (0.789 microgram/ml) is
      approximately 6.2 times higher than previously reported in dairy cattle.
      Therefore, RBC glutathione peroxidase activity may be useful in determining the
      diagnosis of chronic Se toxicosis.

PMID- 4026041
TI  - Antibodies in bovine serum and lacteal secretions to capsular antigens of
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Pregnant cows were immunized systemically with an encapsulated strain of
      Staphylococcus aureus (Smith diffuse strain). Antibodies in serum and colostrum
      were detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and prevented capsule
      production by the Smith diffuse strain in a soft agar medium. Antibody in milk,
      although detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, did not affect the
      production of capsule in vitro. Antibodies were absorbed from milk and serum,
      using staphylococcal surface antigen. In a 2nd experiment, lactating cows were
      immunized, using Smith diffuse strain antigens in the form of a bacterin or as a
      surface extract; the bacterin or extract was emulsified in Freund's incomplete
      adjuvant. Antibody titers in the milk of cows given bacterin were significantly
      (P less than 0.001) greater than titers in the milk of animals immunized with
      surface extract. The soft agar technique was insufficiently sensitive to detect
      antibody in the milk of any of the cattle.

PMID- 4026042
TI  - Transmission of Anaplasma marginale by adult Dermacentor andersoni during feeding
      on calves.
AB  - Laboratory-reared Dermacentor andersoni ticks experimentally infected as nymphs
      with Anaplasma marginale were allowed to feed as adults from 1 to 9 days on
      susceptible, splenectomized calves to determine when, during feeding, the
      hematozoan was transmitted from ticks to cattle. In experiment 1, ticks were
      allowed to feed on calves for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 days and anaplasmosis did not
      result. The same calves were used for experiment 2, and ticks were allowed to
      feed for 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, or 9 days and anaplasmosis occurred in all calves on
      which ticks fed for greater than or equal to 6 days. In 2 trials in experiment 3,
      ticks were allowed to feed on calves for 1 to 9 days. Anaplasmosis developed only
      in calves on which ticks fed for 7, 8, or 9 days. The prepatent periods shortened
      with longer tick feeding, and linear regression analysis of combined prepatent
      periods of both trials of experiment 3 indicated a significant (P = 0.05) slope
      with an estimated daily decrease of 7.75 days from day 7 to 9 of feeding. There
      was no apparent correlation between length of tick feeding and severity of
      clinical signs in those calves that developed anaplasmosis. Seemingly, A
      marginale can be transmitted to cattle by adult D andersoni ticks no earlier than
      the 6th or 7th day of feeding.

PMID- 4026043
TI  - Blood flow in the renal portal circulation of the turkey: effect of epinephrine.
AB  - Control of blood flow in the renal portal circulation of turkeys given
      epinephrine was evaluated by determining the distribution of injected radiopaque
      contrast medium within the portal circulation. Radiopacity in the region of the
      renal parenchyma and/or the caudal renal portal vein was increased in each of the
      6 birds after epinephrine (4.0 micrograms/kg of body weight) was injected into
      the wing vein. In 1 bird, the contrast medium also was distributed into the
      mesenteric vein. Thus, epinephrine not only induced flow of blood from the pelvic
      limb (leg) to the kidneys, but to the abdominal viscera as well. Regulation of
      the patency of the renal portal valve is thought to be one means by which renal
      portal blood flow is controlled. However, epinephrine had no consistent effect on
      the valve. Thus, epinephrine seemed to control renal portal blood flow and,
      perhaps, blood flow to other abdominal viscera at sites other than the renal
      portal valve.

PMID- 4026044
TI  - Almitrine improves oxygenation when both awake and asleep in patients with
      hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention caused by chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
AB  - Patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema who are hypoxic when awake become
      more hypoxic during sleep, with a further rise in their preexisting pulmonary
      hypertension. Almitrine, a respiratory stimulant, improves arterial blood gas
      tensions in such patients when they are awake. We have used a double-blind,
      placebo-controlled, cross-over study to compare the effects of 50 mg almitrine
      given orally twice a day for 14 days on oxygen saturation (SaO2), respiratory
      movements, and sleep quality in 9 patients with hypoxic chronic bronchitis and
      emphysema (FEV1, 0.4 to 1.0 L; PaO2, 51 +/- (SEM) 2 mmHg; PaCO2, 49 +/- 1 mmHg).
      Almitrine improved arterial blood gas tensions when awake, mean PaO2 rising by 8
      mmHg (p less than 0.001) and PaCO2 falling by 4 mmHg (p less than 0.01).
      Almitrine improved nocturnal oxygenation, mean SaO2 when awake rising from 83 +/-
      4% to 89 +/- 3% (p less than 0.01), and the lowest SaO2 during sleep rising on
      average from 65 +/- 6% to 77 +/- 3% (p less than 0.02). The number of hypoxemic
      episodes (SaO2 falling by greater than or equal to 10% from the preceding stable
      baseline during sleep) and the time when SaO2 was below 80% (135 +/- 53 versus 46
      +/- 35 min; p less than 0.01) also improved. Almitrine did not improve sleep
      quality. We conclude that almitrine improves arterial gas tensions when awake and
      reduces the frequency and severity of nocturnal hypoxemia without impairing sleep
      quality in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema who are both hypoxemic
      and hypercapnic when awake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026045
TI  - Pharyngeal compliance in snoring subjects with and without obstructive sleep
      apnea.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated a reduction in pharyngeal cross-sectional area
      and in upper airway muscle tone in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. These
      findings suggest that the pharynx in such patients may be more compliant than
      normal even in the awake state. We have tested this hypothesis by examining the
      pressure-area relationship of the pharynx in 13 patients and in 7 control
      subjects. Measurements were performed during wakefulness, with the subject
      seated, and at a constant lung volume near functional residual capacity.
      Pharyngeal area was measured by an acoustic reflection technique. Pharyngeal
      pressure was varied by having the subject perform gradual inspiratory and
      expiratory isovolume maneuvers against a distally occluded airway while mouth
      pressure was recorded. Specific compliance of the pharynx was calculated as the
      fractional change in pharyngeal area between a pressure of 0 and -10 cm H2O and
      and between 0 and 10 cm H2O. Specific pharyngeal compliance was 0.036 +/- 0.004
      cm H2O-1 (mean +/- SE) in the control group and 0.094 +/- 0.012 cm H2O-1 in
      patients with OSA (p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that patients with
      obstructive sleep apnea have increased pharyngeal compliance. This abnormality
      predisposes to pharyngeal occlusion during sleep when negative transmural
      pressures are generated in the pharynx.

PMID- 4026046
TI  - A shift from central and mixed sleep apnea to obstructive sleep apnea resulting
      from low-flow oxygen.
AB  - Low-flow oxygen decreases the frequency of the 3 types of apnea (central, mixed,
      and obstructive) in patients with predominantly obstructive sleep apnea. The
      decrease in frequency appears to be accompanied by a shift in apnea distribution,
      consisting of a decrease in the proportion of central and mixed apneas and an
      increase in that of obstructive apneas. To determine whether this shift
      represents a greater inhibitory effect on central and mixed apneas or an
      increased tendency toward obstructive apneas, we administered low-flow oxygen
      during sleep to 9 patients who demonstrated predominantly central and mixed sleep
      apnea (51 +/- 33% and 33 +/- 21% of apneic events, respectively, mean +/- SD) and
      had resting, room air, oxygen tensions of 83 +/- 11 mmHg. During non-REM sleep,
      oxygen increased the baseline oxyhemoglobin saturation while reducing the average
      peak fall in oxyhemoglobin saturation during each apneic event. Oxygen reduced
      the overall apnea frequency from 66 +/- 7.8 (mean +/- SE) to 43.0 +/- 10.7
      episodes per hour (p less than 0.02). Central and mixed apneas decreased markedly
      from 31.4 +/- 0.6 to 6.4 +/- 4.3 episodes per hour (p less than 0.02) and from
      20.9 +/- 5.0 to 4.9 +/- 1.5 episodes per hour (p less than 0.02), respectively.
      However, obstructive apnea frequency more than doubled from 13.9 +/- 7.0 to 32.1
      +/- 9.2 episodes per hour (p less than 0.02). We conclude that in these patients
      oxygen tension altered both the frequency and distribution of sleep-induced
      apnea, with a lower oxygen tension increasing the frequency of central and mixed
      apneas and a higher oxygen tension increasing the frequency of obstructive
      apneas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026047
TI  - Prediction of ventilation at maximal exercise in chronic air-flow obstruction.
AB  - In chronic air-flow obstruction (CAO), inspiratory mechanics constitute a
      potential mechanism of compensation for limitation of expiratory air flow. We
      sought to determine whether assessment of inspiratory function could improve our
      ability to predict ventilation at maximal exercise (Ve max) in patients with CAO.
      Resting inspiratory and expiratory pulmonary function studies from 20 patients
      with ventilatory limitation of exercise due to CAO provided data for development
      of a new regression model for Ve max. Maximal exercise was quantitated from
      breath-by-breath analysis of exercise responses at cycle ergometry with work
      increments of 25 watts each min to tolerance. Multiple regression analysis by 3
      methods gave identical results. A 2-variable formula containing peak inspiratory
      flow rate (PIFR) and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) correlated
      strongly with Ve max (r = 0.967) in the formula Ve max (L/min) = 21.34 FEV1 (L) +
      6.28 PIFR (L/s) +3.94 (95% Cl = +/- 18 L/min). This model was significantly
      different from published models containing FEV1 alone (p = 0.0002) and was not
      improved by additional variables. Similar formulas derived for emphysematous and
      bronchitic clinical types of CAO did not exhibit significantly different slope
      and intercept coefficients. Both PIFR and FEV1 correlated strongly with tidal
      volume at maximal exercise. The PIFR also correlated well with resting peak
      inspiratory airway pressure (r = 0.775). We conclude that consideration of PIFR
      in addition to FEV1 can improve our clinical ability to predict Ve max in
      patients with CAO.

PMID- 4026048
TI  - Ventilatory muscle function during exercise in air and oxygen in patients with
      chronic air-flow limitation.
AB  - Ventilatory muscle function was examined at rest and during exercise on a cycle
      ergometer in 8 patients with moderate to severe chronic air-flow limitation
      (FEV1, 32 +/- 4% predicted) in air and in oxygen. The diaphragmatic
      electromyogram (EMG) was measured using an esophageal electrode. In addition,
      measurements of esophageal (Pes), gastric (Pga), and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi)
      pressures and abdominal wall movements were made. Patients exercised to
      exhaustion at a constant submaximal workload (80% of maximal power output)
      inspiring air or 40% O2 in random order on separate days. At end-exercise in air,
      tidal inspiratory Pes swings were 36 +/- 4% of static maximal inspiratory Pes,
      and inspiratory Pdi swings were 45 +/- 7% of the static maximal Pdi. Arterial
      oxygen saturation decreased from 91 +/- 2% at rest to 80 +/- 5% at end-exercise
      in air. During exercise in air, 5 patients demonstrated a persistent and greater
      than 20% fall in the ratio of high frequency (150 to 350 Hz) to low frequency (20
      to 46 Hz) power (H/L) of the diaphragmatic EMG, indicating impending
      diaphragmatic fatigue, and 2 patients had paradoxical motion of the abdominal
      wall. Exercise time at the same constant work load increased from 3.0 +/- 0.6 min
      in air to 6.4 +/- 1.2 min in O2 (p less than 0.005). At the comparable time
      during exercise in O2 to end-exercise in air, minute ventilation was less by 13%
      (p less than 0.005), which was entirely attributable to a lower frequency of
      breathing. Mean inspiratory and expiratory flows and heart rate were all
      significantly lower.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026049
TI  - Effects of aminophylline, isoproterenol, and neostigmine on hypercapnic
      depression of diaphragmatic contractility.
AB  - We investigated the effects of aminophylline, isoproterenol, and neostigmine on
      decreased diaphragmatic contractility induced by hypercapnia. With the thorax
      open, the animal receiving mechanical ventilation, and a plaster cast around the
      abdomen, constant length and geometry of the diaphragm were maintained.
      Contractility was assessed by analysis of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi)
      generated during supramaximal phrenic stimulation at different frequencies.
      Bilateral phrenectomy was performed to prevent spontaneous diaphragm movement.
      Hypercapnia (PaCO2, 85 mmHg) reduced Pdi by 10% at low and high frequencies of
      stimulation. Subsequently, aminophylline (20 mg/kg) restored Pdi to the control
      value at every frequency of stimulation (p less than 0.05), whereas neostigmine
      (0.25 and 1.0 mg) restored Pdi at low frequencies only (p less than 0.05).
      Isoproterenol did not improve Pdi at any frequency. Analysis of twitch
      characteristics revealed that hypercapnia reduced peak twitch amplitude by 17%,
      this being the underlying cause of the decrease in Pdi. Low and high doses of all
      3 drugs significantly reversed this effect by improving peak twitch tension to
      values equal with or greater than control values (p less than 0.05). In addition,
      aminophylline (40 mg/kg) and neostigmine (0.25 and 1.0 mg) significantly
      increased time to peak tension of the twitch (p less than 0.05) and isoproterenol
      (5 and 20 micrograms/min) significantly decreased twitch half relaxation time (p
      less than 0.05). We conclude that aminophylline and neostigmine improve
      diaphragmatic contractility during hypercapnia by virtue of their potentiating
      effect on twitch amplitude, whereas isoproterenol does not increase contractility
      because the process underlying the decrease in twitch duration masks the effect
      of an improved twitch amplitude.

PMID- 4026050
TI  - The effects of chronic bronchitis and chronic air-flow obstruction on lung cell
      populations recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage is used to evaluate parenchymal inflammation in patients
      with diffuse lung disease. Normal values for lavage cell counts and proteins are
      derived primarily from young subjects who are free from lung disease; however,
      older patients who undergo bronchoalveolar lavage often have used cigarettes for
      long periods of time and have developed variable degrees of chronic bronchitis
      and/or chronic air-flow obstruction. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of
      cigarette use, chronic bronchitis, and chronic air-flow obstruction on lavage
      cell populations by performing bronchoalveolar lavage in 48 male patients who
      were undergoing diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Sixteen patients (33%) had
      elevated percentages of neutrophils (greater than or equal to 10%) in lavage
      fluid. Fourteen of these (87.5%) had chronic cough and/or phlegm production, but
      only 9 (64.3%) met criteria for definite chronic bronchitis. Patients with
      moderate or severe air-flow obstruction, defined spirometrically, had
      significantly greater percentages of lavage neutrophils and lower percentages of
      macrophages than did patients with mild or no air-flow obstruction. The first
      lavage aliquot contained the greatest proportion of neutrophils and the smallest
      proportion of macrophages. The percentage of neutrophils declined and the
      percentage of macrophages increased in sequential aliquots. The data indicate
      that patients with chronic cough and/or phlegm production and chronic air-flow
      obstruction may have increased proportions of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar
      lavage fluid in the absence of diffuse parenchymal lung disease or infections.
      These variables must be taken into account when interpreting lavage cellular
      analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026051
TI  - Prevalence of persistent cough and phlegm in young adults in relation to long
      term ambient sulfur oxide exposure.
AB  - In early 1976, a survey of persistent cough and phlegm (PCP) prevalence was
      conducted in 5,623 young adults in 4 Utah communities. Over the previous 5 years,
      community-specific mean sulfur dioxide levels had been 11, 18, 36, and 115
      micrograms/m3. Corresponding mean suspended sulfate levels had been 5, 7, 8, and
      14 micrograms/m3. No intercommunity exposure gradient of total suspended
      particulates or suspended nitrates was observed. In nonsmoking mothers, PCP
      prevalence was 4.2% in the high-exposure community and approximately 2.0% in all
      other communities. In smoking mothers, PCP prevalence was 21.8% in the high
      exposure community and approximately 15.0% elsewhere. In nonsmoking fathers, PCP
      prevalence was 8.0% in the high-exposure community and averaged 3.0% elsewhere.
      In smoking fathers, PCP prevalence was less strongly associated with ambient
      sulfur oxide exposure. Intercommunity prevalence differences in smoking and
      nonsmoking mothers, and in nonsmoking fathers, were significant at alpha = 0.05.
      A categorical logistic regression model, testing simultaneously for effects of
      community and several covariates on PCP prevalence, yielded similar results. The
      results of this survey were similar to those of a similar survey conducted in
      Utah in 1970 and to those of other surveys. These results disclose an association
      of PCP prevalence with ambient sulfur oxide exposure, stronger in mothers than in
      fathers, stronger in nonsmokers and ex-smokers than in smokers, and stronger in
      1970 than 1976.

PMID- 4026052
TI  - How many spirograms for a histamine challenge?
AB  - Several reports have shown that a prior deep inspiration exerts a blunting effect
      on pharmacologically induced bronchoconstriction. Inspiration to total lung
      capacity is a mandatory requirement for valid determination of the FEV1, and
      thus, the FEV1 may underestimate the magnitude of induced airway obstruction. The
      present study was designed to assess the effect that the performance and separate
      analysis of 2 consecutive FEV1 maneuvers (FEV(1)1, FEV(1)2), obtained at
      different levels of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, may have on the final
      interpretation of a histamine challenge. Eight asymptomatic nonsmoking asthmatics
      (mean age, 24 yr; range, 19 to 27 yr) underwent a total of 16 histamine
      challenges. Paired FEV1 measurements (FEV(1)1, FEV(1)2) were obtained after
      inhalation of buffer solution (control) and 3 min after inhalation of
      aerosolized, serially diluted, histamine diphosphate solutions. A significant
      airways response (FEV1 decreasing by 20% or more from the control value) was
      observed in all subjects after inhalation of 5 mg/ml of histamine or less,
      indicating histamine airway hypersensitivity. At lower doses of histamine the
      mean values for FEV(1)1 and FEV(1)2 were similar to the control value. At higher
      histamine doses FEV(1)2 was consistently higher than FEV(1)1 (p = 0.007) and
      exceeded FEV1 1 by a mean of 9% after inhalation of the provocational histamine
      concentration; delta FEV1(FEV(1)2-FEV(1)1) was correlated with the log10 of
      cumulative inhaled histamine dose units (p = 0.040). Assuming that the difference
      between corresponding FEV1 determinations at a given level of induced
      bronchoconstriction is a direct consequence of changes in lung mechanics induced
      by deep inspiration, we are led to conclude that during histamine inhalation
      challenges, only 1 spirogram should be performed at each level of induced
      bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 4026053
TI  - Histamine-induced reflex tracheal constriction is attenuated by hyperoxia and
      exaggerated by hypoxia.
AB  - The effect of vagal reflexes on bronchomotor tone can be altered by their
      interaction with other bronchomotor factors, such as the prevailing state of
      oxygenation. In anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated dogs, a
      reflex constriction was induced in an isolated tracheal segment by administration
      of aerosolized histamine to the lungs. When the challenge was repeated during
      hypoxic conditions (PaO2, 45 mmHg), the magnitude of the reflex response was
      significantly larger than during normoxia. In contrast, during hyperoxia (PaO2,
      344 mmHg), the response was significantly smaller than the normoxic response. The
      changes in the prevailing state of oxygenation were done under isocapnic and
      isohydric conditions. Hyperoxia alone had no effect upon baseline bronchomotor
      tone, whereas hypoxia caused an increase in baseline tone in approximately half
      the animals. The effect of hypoxia upon the reflex response to histamine was not
      affected by the baseline changes. We think that the potentiating effects of
      hypoxia and the attenuating effects of hyperoxia are mediated by an interaction
      between lung sensory receptors and carotid body chemoreceptors.

PMID- 4026054
TI  - Influence of alveolar oxygen on pulmonary vasoconstriction in newborn lambs
      versus sheep.
AB  - Fetal lung has vigorous hypoxic vasoconstriction and is exposed continuously to
      an O2 tension less than 20 mmHG, which is well below that experienced by adult
      lungs. We wondered if the newborn lamb, with muscular arteries similar to the
      fetus, might not have a different O2 tension for developing alveolar hypoxic
      vasoconstriction in addition to having stronger vasoconstriction than the less
      muscular adult lung. Therefore, regional hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in
      newborn lambs (mean of 5 days) and adult sheep (older than 2 yr) was compared at
      graded levels of alveolar oxygen tension. Animals were anesthetized with
      pentobarbital, and each main bronchus was cannulated to allow ventilation of one
      lung with N2 or other O2/N2 mixtures as a "hypoxic" challenge while ventilation
      of the other lung with O2 maintained systemic oxygenation. Distribution of
      perfusion to the 2 lungs during bilateral O2 ventilation was first determined
      with 13N and a positron camera. The lambs significantly (p less than 0.05)
      decreased the distribution of perfusion to the test lung compared with O2 control
      (PAO2, 620 +/- 15) by 44 +/- 1% SEM with PAO2 of 22 +/- 1 mmHg, 22 +/- 3% with
      PAO2 of 96 +/- 1 mmHg, and 12 +/- 2% with PAO2 of 360 +/- 3 mmHg in contrast to
      the sheep that significantly decreased the distribution of perfusion to the test
      lung compared with O2 control distribution of perfusion by only 22% at a PAO2 of
      19 +/- 2 mmHg and not at higher alveolar O2 tensions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4026055
TI  - Determinants of hypoxemia during the acute phase of pulmonary embolism in humans.
AB  - The determinants of hypoxemia were studied in 10 patients with acute pulmonary
      embolism demonstrated by pulmonary angiography. Two patients were mechanically
      ventilated, and in the 8 who breathed room air spontaneously, the mean arterial
      PO2 was 61.5 mmHg. Measurements of the distributions of ventilation (VA) and
      perfusion (Q) against VA/Q ratios by the multiple inert gas infusion technique
      demonstrated an increase in VA/Q inequality. The major part of pulmonary blood
      flow was distributed in a mode near to, or slightly above, a VA/Q ratio of 1. The
      cumulative fraction of blood in true shunt and low VA/Q mode (VA/Q less than
      0.01) was 9.1%. For a small part of the AaDO2 (13%), an oxygen diffusional
      component was found. The remaining hypoxemia was due to the fall in the mixed
      venous PO2 (PVO2), irrespective of its cause: low cardiac output, low hemoglobin
      concentration, high oxygen consumption, low P50. The fall in PVO2 led to a fall
      in end-capillary blood PO2 in both shunt or ventilated and perfused units. We
      conclude that the major determinant of hypoxemia in these patients suffering from
      acute pulmonary embolism is the fall in PVO2. This is enhanced by a moderate
      increase in the fraction of blood flowing through low VA/Q units. Diffusion
      impairment plays only a minor role.

PMID- 4026056
TI  - The effect of a gas leak around the endotracheal tube on the mean tracheal
      pressure during mechanical ventilation.
AB  - Infants requiring mechanical ventilation are usually intubated with uncuffed
      endotracheal tubes, which permit gas to leak between the tube and the trachea.
      This gas leak may alter the mean pressure transmitted to the trachea by changing
      the pattern of airway flow and modifying the resistive behavior of the
      endotracheal tube. To test this hypothesis, we measured mean tracheal pressure,
      gas flow through the endotracheal tube, and resistance of the tube in rabbits
      ventilated with and without a leak. We also studied the effect of the tube size
      and the pattern of ventilation on these measurements. We found that a leak
      reduced the mean tracheal pressure by 15 to 21% with respect to the mean proximal
      airway pressure. This reduction was caused by an increased difference between
      inspiratory and expiratory flow through the endotracheal tube, and by the mean
      expiratory resistance of the tube being lower than its mean inspiratory
      resistance. The rabbits with smaller tubes had lower mean tracheal pressures. A
      ventilatory pattern of short inspiratory times and high peak pressures was
      associated with a proportionally greater decrease in mean tracheal pressure
      caused by the leak. These findings suggest that the mean proximal airway
      pressure, measured at the ventilator, may overestimate the mean tracheal pressure
      in the presence of a gas leak around the tube. Furthermore, the decrease in mean
      tracheal pressure caused by the leak may decrease oxygenation despite a constant
      mean proximal airway pressure.

PMID- 4026057
TI  - Alveolar pressure magnitude and asynchrony during high-frequency oscillations of
      excised rabbit lungs.
AB  - One possible advantage of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) over conventional
      mechanical ventilation is that adequate pulmonary ventilation may be established
      with lower pressure swings. Pressure swings measured at the airway opening may
      not accurately reflect pressure swings in the alveoli, however. Furthermore,
      little is known about the synchrony of alveolar filling during HFV. We have
      assessed the magnitude of alveolar pressure swings (PA) relative to those at the
      airway opening (Pao) and investigated asynchrony of alveolar filling during small
      tidal volume (less than 1.0 ml), high-frequency (1 to 60 Hz) oscillations (HFO)
      in 8 excised rabbit lungs. The PA was measured in several capsules glued to the
      pleural surface and communicating with alveolar gas via pleural punctures. The
      peak value of the ratio [PA/Pao] occurred near the resonant frequency and was
      1.90, 1.45, and 1.0 at distending pressures of 25, 10, and 5 cm H2O,
      respectively. Temporal asynchrony of PA between sampled lung regions was
      quantified by measuring the interregional standard deviation of alveolar pressure
      phase angles, delta phi. The delta phi increased with increasing frequency and
      decreasing transpulmonary pressure. The maximal observed delta phi was 30
      degrees. These results, when compared with earlier results on excised canine
      lungs, show that the amplification of PA during HFO is lung-size dependent. The
      observed degree of phase differences in pressure swings between peripheral
      alveolar locations implies substantial asynchrony of alveolar filling. This in
      turn suggests interregional gas transport as an important contributor to gas
      mixing during HFV.

PMID- 4026058
TI  - Nitrogen washout during tidal breathing with superimposed high-frequency chest
      wall oscillation.
AB  - In order to assess the efficacy of high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO)
      superimposed on tidal ventilation, multiple-breath nitrogen washout curves were
      obtained in 7 normal seated subjects. To maintain a regular breathing pattern
      throughout the study, the subjects breathed synchronously with a Harvard
      ventilator set at a constant tidal volume and frequency for each subject during a
      trial period. Washout curves were obtained during 3 different maneuvers performed
      in random order. Series A was the control condition with no superimposed HFCWO.
      In Series B and C, HFCWO at 5 Hz was superimposed on the regulated tidal
      breathing; the magnitude of the oscillatory tidal volume measured at the airway
      opening was 20 ml for Series B and 40 ml for Series C. The nitrogen washout was
      clearly faster in Series C than in Series A for each subject. In Series B, there
      was an interindividual variability, with a washout rate either equal to that in
      Maneuver A or in Maneuver C, or intermediate between the two. When these washout
      curves were analyzed in terms of a simple monocompartment model, the time
      constant of the washout was found to decrease by 16 +/- 11% in Series B, and 25
      +/- 7% in Series C compared with that in Series A. In this group of normal
      subjects, the correction of any inhomogeneity in the distribution of the
      ventilation is unlikely to explain these results because of the close fit of all
      washout curves to a monoexponential model. It is postulated that during
      inspiration HFCWO enhances gas mixing in the lung periphery and that during
      expiration it improves gas mixing in the airways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4026059
TI  - Hyperoxic lung injury and polyamine biosynthesis. Age-related differences.
AB  - To determine if lung cell replication and repair might be different between
      younger (30-day-old) and older (60-day-old) rats, we studied polyamine and DNA
      biosynthesis in rats exposed to 1.0 atm oxygen for 24, 48, 56, or 72 h. By 24 h,
      no statistically significant changes were observed, but by 48 h, ornithine
      decarboxylase and putrescine increased; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
      activity increased by 56 h in the younger rats but not in the older rats. By 72
      h, spermidine, [3H]thymidine incorporation, and the labeling index of cells in
      the alveolar zone had increased only in the younger rats. During the first 56 h,
      hyperoxia inhibited DNA synthesis. We conclude that hyperoxia initially
      suppresses lung cell replication but subsequently, if the rat survives, there are
      increases in polyamine biosynthesis and cell replication that may be important
      for the development of oxygen tolerance.

PMID- 4026060
TI  - Dissemination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during lung infection in hamsters. Role
      of oxygen-induced lung injury.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inoculated into the lungs of normal and oxygen-exposed
      hamsters. Air-breathing animals developed focal bronchopneumonias but viable
      organisms were not recovered from the lungs after 3 days; bacteremia was not
      detected but P. aeruginosa was isolated from the livers of 3 of 12 animals with
      positive lung cultures. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection shortened the survival
      time of oxygen-breathing hamsters, and organisms persisted in the lungs during
      oxygen exposure. Focal bronchopneumonias were uncommon in animals inoculated
      after 4 days of oxygen exposure; the predominant histopathologic finding was
      accentuation of diffuse alveolar damage and increased numbers of scattered
      neutrophils. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from the livers of 15 of 18
      oxygen-exposed animals in which lung colony counts exceeded 10(3)/lung; only 8 of
      these animals had demonstrable bacteremia. The concentration of elongation factor
      2 in the livers and lungs of oxygen-exposed animals was reduced as colony counts
      of P. aeruginosa increased in the lungs of infected animals, suggesting exotoxin
      A activity in these organisms. These findings suggest that bacterial
      superinfection of injured lungs may account for both worsening lung function and
      impaired function of other organs.

PMID- 4026061
TI  - Choosing an appropriate cutting point for conversion in annual tuberculin skin
      testing.
AB  - A previous report from our institution showed that the use of a two-step
      tuberculin testing program in new employees reduced the apparent rate of
      conversion in annual skin testing by eliminating the effect of the booster
      phenomenon. However, the converter rate subsequently remained too high. We
      propose that the use of 10 mm of induration as the cutting point gave a high rate
      of false conversion in our area of high prevalence of sensitivity to
      nontuberculous mycobacteria. A change to 15 mm of duration as the cutting point
      reduced our conversion rate from 2.6 to 1.2%, identified a group who demonstrated
      continued large tuberculin reactions at repeat testing, and eliminated age
      dependency from our converter population. We propose the choice of 15 mm of
      induration as the appropriate cutting point in annual employee tuberculin skin
      testing programs in areas in which sensitivity to nontuberculous mycobacteria is
      common.

PMID- 4026062
TI  - Phage typing of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex. A
      study of strains of diverse geographic and host origin.
AB  - A total of 339 strains of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum
      complex were phage typed using our previously described technique and 11 typing
      phages. These included 235 strains of human origin obtained from state health
      laboratories in Virginia, Georgia, Florida, and Arkansas, 26 strains isolated
      from persons with AIDS, 38 strains isolated from animals, and 40 environmental
      isolates. A phage-typing scheme was developed that denotes sensitivity to 8
      primary typing phages: the JF group (JF1, JF2, JF3, and JF4), phage D302, and the
      AN group (AN3, AN9, and AN1-8). The 3 auxiliary phages (VC3, VA6, and D32) define
      subgroups of the strains sensitive to the AN phages. A total of 99 strains were
      sensitive to at least 1 phage. Of 31 serotype 1 or 2 strains from animals, 13
      were sensitive to AN phages but resistant to JF phages. In contrast, 7/33
      serotype 4 or 8 strains from animals or from persons with AIDS were sensitive to
      JF phages but not to the AN phages. Of the clinical isolates not associated with
      AIDS, 78/235 were phage sensitive. These strains could be divided roughly into 4
      groups: sensitive to AN phages, sensitive to JF phages, sensitive to phage D302,
      and sensitive to multiple phages. Only 1 of the environmental isolates was phage
      sensitive. The results indicate that phage typing can subdivide this
      heterogeneous group of organisms and is a useful tool for epidemiological
      studies.

PMID- 4026063
TI  - Effect of changing instilled volume for bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with
      interstitial lung disease.
AB  - Patients with and without interstitial lung disease (ILD) underwent
      bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with 4 boluses of 60 ml of normal saline. Fluid was
      withdrawn after each bolus, and the results after the first and second bolus were
      pooled and compared with the results after the third and fourth bolus. In the
      control group (n = 9), there was a significantly higher percentage of lymphocytes
      and neutrophils after the first half than after the second half (first half:
      lymphocytes, 8 +/- 1.9%, mean +/- SEM; neutrophils, 2 +/- 1.2%. Second half:
      lymphocytes, 5 +/- 1.2% (p less than 0.01); neutrophils, 0.3 +/- 0.12% (p less
      than 0.05). In the ILD group (n = 8), there was a rise in the number of
      lymphocytes from 15 +/- 4.9% to 20 +/- 3.9% (p less than 0.05) and the number of
      neutrophils from 8 +/- 4.8% to 10 +/- 5.6%. The ILD group had more cells
      aspirated after the second half than after the first half of the BAL, whereas the
      control group did not. Abnormalities in the cell population of the BAL fluid were
      more striking when the larger volume was used.

PMID- 4026064
TI  - Mineral dust and cell recovery from the bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy Vermont
      granite workers.
AB  - We characterized the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from healthy Vermont granite
      workers to investigate the pulmonary response to a chronic exposure to an
      injurious agent. Nine granite workers with 4 to 36 yr of employment in the
      industry and 27 unexposed volunteers were normal by history, physical
      examination, electrocardiogram, blood count, spirometry, and chest radiograph.
      Lavage cell recovery and percent neutrophils were not different. Lymphocyte
      recovery in BAL was increased in the granite-exposed population. Granite dust was
      present within the majority of alveolar macrophages from granite workers compared
      with those from control subjects, as determined by polarizing light microscopy
      and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy spectrometry.
      There were no differences in phagocytic function or viability of macrophages from
      granite workers compared with those from unexposed volunteers. We conclude that
      in exposed populations, granite dust can be detected and semiquantitated in
      lavage specimens within the alveolar macrophages, macrophage function is
      preserved, and the response to this exposure involves an influx of lymphocytes.

PMID- 4026065
TI  - Mutational resistance as the mechanism of acquired drug resistance to
      aminoglycosides and antibacterial agents in Mycobacterium fortuitum and
      Mycobacterium chelonei. Evidence is based on plasmid analysis, mutational
      frequencies, and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme assays.
AB  - Possible mechanisms of drug resistance of Mycobacterium fortuitum and
      Mycobacterium chelonei to antibacterial agents were investigated. Single-step
      mutational frequencies were low (generally less than or equal to 10(-7] for
      cefoxitin, doxycycline, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole and relatively high
      (10(-4) to 10(-7] for kanamycin and amikacin. Aminoglycoside-susceptible strains
      of both species contained an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (3)-III or IV. No
      additional enzymes were seen with laboratory or clinically acquired
      aminoglycoside resistance. Plasmids of several sizes were present in some
      susceptible isolates of both species, but acquired resistance was not associated
      with a change in the apparent size or number of these plasmids. Isolates with
      acquired resistance to amikacin were resistant to the other 2-deoxystreptamine
      aminoglycosides but showed little or no change in minimal inhibitory
      concentrations to streptomycin, suggesting either a difference in cellular uptake
      between the 2 groups of drugs or, more likely, different binding sites on the
      ribosome. In 59 patients treated with 63 courses of therapy with a single agent
      for 1 month or longer, the development of resistance was observed only twice
      (3%). Both isolates had high mutational frequencies (10(-4) and 10(-5]. These
      studies support mutational resistance as the mechanism of acquired resistance to
      antibacterial agents in M. fortuitum and M. chelonei.

PMID- 4026066
TI  - Bronchogenic carcinoma in the elderly.

PMID- 4026067
TI  - Postsplenectomy complications.
AB  - Postsplenectomy complications were reviewed among 420 patients with simple
      splenic injury, splenic plus multisystem trauma, elective splenectomy, incidental
      or accidental splenectomy, and those having splenectomy prior to renal
      transplantation. Complications not specifically related to splenectomy occurred
      postoperatively in 52 per cent and 41 per cent, respectively, in the complex
      trauma and incidental-accidental splenectomy groups. Nonfatal complications
      specifically related to splenectomy occurred in 15 per cent of patients with
      multi-organ injury and in 18 per cent of patients with incidental-accidental
      splenic removal. Morbidity was infrequent when simple splenic trauma prompted
      splenectomy or in elective splenectomy. Mortality related to splenectomy occurred
      most often following renal transplantation, but also appeared high when the
      spleen was removed for multiple trauma or incidental to other surgery. The latter
      category is at risk for morbidity and mortality when splenectomy is incidental to
      a planned procedure (e.g., radical gastrectomy) or accidental as when injured by
      the surgeon. These splenectomies and those planned prior to transplantation may
      be unnecessary in many instances. The postsplenectomy sepsis syndrome was
      encountered late only once in this entire series; nonetheless, sound indications
      for splenectomy must prevail before splenic removal since significant early
      morbidity and mortality follows splenectomy.

PMID- 4026069
TI  - Identification of factors responsible for wound infection following allograft
      nephrectomy.
AB  - The advisability of routine allograft nephrectomy following rejection has not
      been clearly resolved. Rejected transplants may be a source of sepsis, local
      inflammatory symptoms, and continued antigenic stimulation. Transplant
      nephrectomy is, however, attended by a surprisingly high incidence of septic
      complications and death. In an attempt to analyze the occurrence of these, and
      identify effective prophylactic maneuvers, the authors retrospectively studied 99
      consecutive allograft nephrectomies in 252 consecutive renal transplants.
      Mortality following allograft nephrectomy was 10 per cent, and usually
      attributable to sepsis. Wound infections occurred in 24 per cent of these
      patients and were significantly associated with a preoperative site of infection
      in the wound, urinary tract, or blood (P less than 0.01). Preoperative
      antibiotics, wound irrigation, drains, and delay in performing allograft
      nephrectomy were all found to be insignificant variables. Interestingly, total
      steroid dose was less in patients who developed wound infections than in those
      who did not (P less than 0.01). A postoperative wound infection approximately
      doubled the mean number of hospital days. These data suggest that a significant
      reduction in morbidity and possibly mortality could be accomplished by complete
      eradication of infection prior to allograft nephrectomy. Consequent delay in
      removal of the graft is not associated with increased morbidity, and other
      maneuvers seem to have little beneficial effect.

PMID- 4026068
TI  - Correlation of immune and nutritional status with wound complications in patients
      undergoing abdominal surgery.
AB  - The present study indicates the need for close scrutiny of the immune and
      nutritional status of patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Simple
      anthropometric measurements (weight and triceps skin fold thickness MAC)
      serologic testing (serum albumin), ALC, and skin testing are useful to identify
      patients with immunocompromise caused by nutritional deficiency. Early
      recognition and correction of immune nutritional deficits in patients undergoing
      abdominal surgery should lead to reduction in postoperative morbidity due to
      wound complication.

PMID- 4026070
TI  - Lipoma of the colon. A report of 22 cases.
AB  - A series of 22 cases of lipomas of the colon is presented. Fourteen patients had
      small (mean size, 12.5 mm), asymptomatic colon lipomas which were diagnosed
      incidently. In four of these patients, more than one lipoma was found. Eight
      patients had one larger (mean size, 70.5 mm) symptomatic lipoma. The symptomatic
      patients were older (mean age, 64.3 years) than the asymptomatic patients (mean
      age, 54.7 years). While small lipomas do not generally give symptoms, it seems
      that the symptoms of larger lipomas are mainly due to mechanical interference in
      colonic passage or ulceration of the mucosa that covers the lipoma.

PMID- 4026071
TI  - Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery.
AB  - Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery has been recognized as a cause
      of arterial stenosis and calf claudication for 30 years. It is reported
      infrequently and its etiology remains unknown. In addition, a peculiar geographic
      distribution of the reported cases of this disorder has been noted, with a
      majority of cases from Europe and Australasia. The authors report here a case
      from South Carolina in which a fibrous band may have contributed to compression
      during exercise. Noninvasive studies and angiographic studies were negative
      before exercise and positive after exercise. Current ideas of diagnosis, surgical
      treatment and possible etiology are presented.

PMID- 4026072
TI  - Unsuccessful control of abdominal aortic aneurysm by bypass and ligation.
AB  - Two patients developed abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture following bilateral
      iliac artery ligation and axillobifemoral bypass. The first patient developed his
      rupture several weeks after outflow ligation and apparent thrombosis of the
      aneurysm. At autopsy, the aneurysmal rupture occurred in the left posterior
      junction between the thrombosed aneurysm and the normal aorta. In the second
      case, the aneurysm was not completely thrombosed and plans were in progress for
      thrombosis of the aneurysm when the patient developed frank rupture,
      necessitating operative intervention. The authors await the published experience
      of others with bilateral common iliac artery ligation and extra-anatomic bypass
      for abdominal aortic aneurysm, but these authors do not currently recommend this
      management plan.

PMID- 4026073
TI  - A survey of technical considerations in the construction of intestinal stomas.
AB  - Reported complications rates for the construction of intestinal stomas are high.
      Many of these complications result from improper construction, improper location,
      or other technical errors. In order to sample the techniques of stoma
      construction currently in use, a survey was conducted at the 69th Annual Clinical
      Congress of the American College of Surgeons in Atlanta in conjunction with our
      scientific exhibit "Complications of Intestinal Stomas." A total of 245 surgeons
      completed the questionnaire with a mean age of 47.8 years. The routine use of
      fascial-seromuscular tacking sutures and primary maturation of a loop colostomy
      in the presence of distal obstruction were among the most controversial technical
      points considered. Many other subtle but important principles of stoma
      construction were also discussed. In addition, the authors contend that many of
      the techniques currently in use result from an underemphasis on the importance of
      proper stoma construction in many surgical training programs.

PMID- 4026074
TI  - Comparison of needle catheter versus standard tube jejunostomy.
AB  - It is commonly stated that needle catheter jejunostomy (NCJ) is associated with
      fewer complications than standard tube jejunostomy (STJ). We compared the
      morbidity of NCJ versus STJ performed as adjunctive procedures in 90 patients
      from 1977 to 1983. NCJ was performed in 55 patients and STJ in 35 patients. The
      two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, diagnosis, and operation
      performed. The overall postoperative morbidity was 35 per cent for the NCJ group
      and 62 per cent for the STJ group. Mortality was 19 per cent and 35 per cent,
      respectively. Minor complications related to the jejunostomy occurred in 16 per
      cent of the NCJ group and 9 per cent of the STJ group. Diarrhea and abdominal
      distention occurred with equal frequency in the two groups. One NCJ patient
      required reoperation for intestinal obstruction at the catheter exit site, and
      one STJ patient required operative closure of a fistula following tube removal
      for major complications rates of 1.8 per cent and 2.8 per cent, respectively. The
      statement that STJ is associated with more jejunostomy-related complications than
      NCJ is not substantiated by this study. Because of greater ease of insertion, NCJ
      remains our procedure of choice for adjunctive feeding jejunostomy.

PMID- 4026075
TI  - Small bowel obstruction in the elderly.
AB  - Hospital records were reviewed for all patients 70 years or older who were
      treated for small bowel obstruction (SBO) at The New York Hospital-Cornell
      Medical Center from January 1975 through December 1980. There were 87 patients
      treated surgically and 20 patients treated nonoperatively. When the clinical
      evidence of strangulation was evaluated for preoperative reliability, 35 per cent
      of the patients had none of the accepted criteria for strangulation.
      Complications occurred in 60.9 per cent of patients following operative
      intervention. Wound infection was the most common postoperative complication and
      was related to wound management and to the number of enterotomies made at the
      time of surgery. Using delayed 1 degree closure, the infection rate was 6.2 per
      cent compared to 21.1 per cent when wounds were closed at surgery. The overall
      operative mortality was 18 per cent; advanced carcinoma accounted for 60 per cent
      of these fatalities. The mortality for patients with nonmalignant obstruction was
      10.0 per cent as compared with 40.7 per cent in patients with cancer. From these
      data the authors conclude: that age alone should not be a deterrent to operative
      intervention in small bowel obstruction; the presence of a 1 degree or 2 degrees
      malignant process in the elderly patient is a significant risk factor for
      mortality; any patient operated on for SBO having an enterotomy should have their
      wound managed by delayed 1 degree closure; and because of the lack of reliability
      of the clinical criteria for strangulation, operative intervention in the elderly
      should be undertaken as soon as the diagnosis of mechanical obstruction is made.

PMID- 4026077
TI  - Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients dying from multiple organ
      failure.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with multiple organ failure were studied with hemodynamic
      monitoring. The five survivors were compared with the 16 nonsurvivors.
      Significant differences were found in the cardiac index (CI), the left
      ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), and the pulmonary vascular resistance
      index (PVRI). The CI was higher in survivors (4.38 +/- 1.71) than in nonsurvivors
      (3.43 +/- 1.49). The LVSWI was also higher (43.0 +/- 16.8, 28.7 +/- 12.8) than in
      nonsurvivors (47.4 +/- 2.91). The PVRI was lower in survivors (168 +/- 122) than
      in nonsurvivors (474 +/- 291). It is postulated that the elevated PVRI in MOF is
      related to the adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 4026076
TI  - The use of barium enema in the evaluation of patients with possible appendicitis.
AB  - Patients with right lower quadrant pain and possible appendicitis may present a
      difficult diagnostic dilemma to the surgeon. Barium enema has been used as an
      adjunctive test in the evaluation of patients with right lower quadrant pain in
      whom the diagnosis is unclear. The authors retrospectively reviewed their
      experience with 33 patients to determine the value of barium enema. The average
      age was 32 years (range, 2-89 years). Twenty-five patients had nonfilling of the
      appendix; nine of these patients had a mass effect on the cecum. Three patients
      had partial filling of the appendix and five patients had a normally filled
      appendix. Of the 16 patients who had nonfilling of the appendix without a filling
      defect of the cecum, 14 patients underwent operation. Eleven patients had
      appendicitis and three patients had a normal appendix. Two patients with
      nonfilling did not undergo operation and did well. All patients with a filling
      defect of the cecum on barium enema had appendicitis. All patients with partial
      filling of the appendix had appendicitis. Of five patients with normal appendices
      on barium enema, one patient had a diverticular abscess and underwent operation,
      and another patient had Meckel's diverticulitis which was excised. Barium enema
      can provide information to aid in the management of patients in whom the
      diagnosis of appendicitis is not clear. It can prevent unnecessary operation in
      some, and assist in earlier operation in others.

PMID- 4026078
TI  - Report of two patients with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and Hirschsprung's
      disease. Coincident or common etiology?
AB  - Although the etiologies of Hirschsprung's disease and infantile hypertrophic
      pyloric stenosis remain unclear, it is certain that in Hirschsprung's disease,
      there is an absence of myenteric ganglia. In pyloric stenosis, there is a
      decreased number of ganglia, but this may be secondary phenomenon. The occurrence
      of both Hirschsprung's disease and pyloric stenosis in any single patient is
      uncommon, disputing a common etiology on statistical grounds. The authors have
      recently seen two infants with both diseases, and have reviewed the histology and
      pathophysiology analyzing the possibility of a single cause.

PMID- 4026079
TI  - Interstitial radiation implantation for unresectable nonoat cell carcinoma of the
      lung. Techniques and preliminary results.
AB  - The majority of lung cancers are unresectable at diagnosis. The radiation
      tolerance of the surrounding spinal cord and heart limits the external radiation
      therapy dose. Interstitial radiation implantation was utilized to deliver higher
      radiation dose, sparing the surrounding normal tissues in patients with
      unresectable nonoat cell cancers of the lung less than 8 cm in diameter localized
      to the thorax with no associated pleural effusion. The methods of implantation
      included permanent interstitial iodine-125 implantation of the gross disease in
      the lung and/or lymph nodes delivering about 120 Gy (12,000 rads) in 1 year and
      removable iridium-192 interstitial implantation of residual disease in the
      mediastinum, chest wall, or margin or resection in the lung, delivering about 30
      Gy (3000 rads) in three days. Supplementary external radiation therapy of 40 Gy
      (4000 rads) in 4 weeks is delivered 4-6 weeks after implantation. The
      interstitial implant procedure adds only about 45 minutes to 1 hour to the
      operating time, and converts a palliative procedure into a potentially curative
      treatment. This article presents our experience with 11 cases, with early short
      term follow-up results, and is designed to stimulate others to evaluate a similar
      approach to improve local control and survival in unresectable lung cancers.

PMID- 4026080
TI  - Pathologic blood flow in pulmonary vascular disease as shown by gated magnetic
      resonance imaging.
AB  - Axial, dual spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) images, taken at the level of the
      pulmonary arteries and gated to the cardiac cycle, were qualitatively and
      quantitatively evaluated in nine patients with primary pulmonary arterial
      hypertension and six controls. In controls and patients, intravascular signal
      intensity was higher during diastole than during systole when fast flow
      conditions exist in the arteries; however, patients with severe pulmonary
      arterial hypertension showed significantly higher signals in the pulmonary
      arteries than did controls. A correlation between pulmonary vascular resistance
      and the MR signal in the right pulmonary artery in early systole (r = 0.89)
      showed the ability of MR images to provide information on blood flow and suggests
      a role for magnetic resonance in assessing the severity of this disease
      noninvasively. Flow-related cardiosynchronous variations in the lung parenchyma
      of controls were also observed; with further development, magnetic resonance may
      become useful to measure tissue perfusion and provide both pathoanatomic and
      pathophysiologic information. Furthermore, there was a significant difference
      between the MR signal intensity of dorsal and ventral lung regions.

PMID- 4026081
TI  - Primary myeloproliferative disorder and hepatic vein thrombosis. A prospective
      study of erythroid colony formation in vitro in 20 patients with Budd-Chiari
      syndrome.
AB  - We assessed the prevalence of overt and latent primary myeloproliferative
      disorders in hepatic vein thrombosis. Cultures of bone marrow or peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells were done in 20 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Erythroid
      colony formation in the absence of erythropoietin, which is a reliable indicator
      for a primary myeloproliferative disorder, was seen in 16 patients in whom Budd
      Chiari syndrome was due to hepatic vein thrombosis, including 13 women aged 18 to
      45 years. Among these 16 patients, the conventional criteria for the diagnosis of
      a primary myeloproliferative disorder were met in only 2. Primary
      myeloproliferative disorder, often without peripheral blood changes, is a major
      cause of hepatic vein thrombosis in young women.

PMID- 4026083
TI  - Smoking and age at menopause in women.
AB  - Although women can expect to live one half of their adult lives beyond menopause,
      knowledge about this physiologic event and its various influences on subsequent
      health and quality of life remains incomplete. In Massachusetts we studied a
      population-based random sample of 7828 white women, aged 45 to 55 years (response
      rate, 77%). The median age at last menstruation for the sample is 51.4 +/- 0.19
      (SE) years years, and we found no evidence of a secular trend towards a later age
      at menopause in the last 25 years. Current smokers reach menopause an average of
      1.74 years earlier than nonsmokers (t = 3.78, p less than 0.01), but the quantity
      smoked has a negligible effect. Other potential correlates measured--education
      and marital status, number of children, and urban/rural residence--have little
      effect on the age at menopause. The results confirm earlier, more tentative
      findings from clinical populations.

PMID- 4026082
TI  - Vinblastine therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.
AB  - Single-agent intravenous vinblastine, 4 to 8 mg/week, was used to treat 38
      patients with Kaposi's sarcoma related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
      The dose was titrated in relation to the total leukocyte count. Ten patients had
      an objective response, and 19 had stable disease during therapy. Apart from
      expected modest neutropenia, toxicity was minimal. A lower response rate was seen
      in patients with anemia, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or any
      lymphoma-like B symptom. Opportunistic infections were common regardless of type
      of response but were commoner in patients who did not respond. Vinblastine used
      in low doses weekly is effective in treating Kaposi's sarcoma related to the
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and has minimal associated toxicities.

PMID- 4026084
TI  - Polyarthritis and neutropenia associated with circulating large granular
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Five patients with polyarthritis and neutropenia had numerous circulating large
      granular lymphocytes with a phenotype attributed to immature natural killer
      cells. All five had splenomegaly and recurrent infections. Arthritis was most
      prominent at the wrists and hands, and all patients were considered to have
      atypical cases of Felty's syndrome. Antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor,
      antineutrophil antibodies, and immune complexes were detected in most patients.
      Bone marrow biopsies revealed a maturation arrest at the myelocyte stage and
      lymphoid infiltrates. Large lymphocytes with azurophilic cytoplasmic granules
      were found on peripheral blood smears and showed a characteristic reactivity
      pattern with monoclonal antibodies suggesting a natural killer cell lineage.
      Peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed less than normal natural killer
      activity against K562 target cells. Increased numbers of large granular
      lymphocytes with a phenotype of immature natural killer cells may be important in
      the pathogenesis of neutropenia, humoral immune disturbances, and synovitis in a
      subset of patients with Felty's syndrome.

PMID- 4026085
TI  - Unilateral blindness caused by infection with the Lyme disease spirochete,
      Borrelia burgdorferi.

PMID- 4026087
TI  - The academic viability of general internal medicine. The views of department of
      medicine chairmen.
AB  - A national survey of department of medicine chairmen was conducted to learn their
      views of the status of academic general internal medicine. Developing a research
      program in general internal medicine was considered a high priority by 60% of the
      department chairmen at the time their general internal medicine divisions were
      established, and by 1981, 83% considered this a high priority. However, only 17%
      stated that significant progress had been made by the division at their
      institutions toward achieving this goal. Chairmen identified problems with
      funding for research, their faculty's ability to do research, and available time
      of faculty to conduct research. They stated their intention to assist the
      division of general internal medicine in developing a research program through
      financial and organizational support. At least two thirds planned to recruit
      selectively general internal medicine faculty who had research backgrounds and
      interests and to require the existing faculty to do research as a condition for
      continued appointment.

PMID- 4026086
TI  - Zinc-induced copper deficiency: megamineral sideroblastic anemia.

PMID- 4026088
TI  - Nosocomial hepatitis A.

PMID- 4026089
TI  - The GPEP report: III. Faculty involvement.

PMID- 4026090
TI  - Divisions of general internal medicine: accomplishments and needs.

PMID- 4026091
TI  - Serologic testing for Lyme disease.

PMID- 4026092
TI  - Difficulties in assessing dementia.

PMID- 4026093
TI  - Peer review.

PMID- 4026094
TI  - HLA antigens in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 4026095
TI  - Duodenal perforation by an infusion catheter for hepatic chemotherapy.

PMID- 4026096
TI  - Drug extravasation and the Port-a-Cath system.

PMID- 4026097
TI  - Antineoplastic drugs as an occupational hazard in hospitals.

PMID- 4026098
TI  - Erythromelalgia without thrombocythemia.

PMID- 4026099
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen, allopurinol, and diet-induced acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 4026100
TI  - Diagnostic assays in acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 4026101
TI  - Oral liquid furosemide in congestive heart failure.

PMID- 4026102
TI  - Thymus fragment transplantation in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4026103
TI  - Pentamidine-associated hypotension and route of administration.

PMID- 4026104
TI  - Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B as acute viral hepatitis.

PMID- 4026105
TI  - Metoclopramide and depression.

PMID- 4026106
TI  - Toluene sniffing and severe sinus bradycardia.

PMID- 4026108
TI  - [Granulopoiesis in the alcoholic and cirrhotic patient. Exploration of
      neutropenia in cirrhosis using bone marrow cultures and a hydrocortisone test].
AB  - Twenty per cent of 60 patients with cirrhosis (55 alcoholic patients) had
      neutropenia (defined as neutrophil polymorphonuclear (NP) count under 2,000/mm3).
      The authors tried to define the mechanism of this neutropenia and compared it
      with the acute bone marrow cytotoxicity of alcohol. They found that bone marrow
      neutrophil colony growth was normal in 7 cases of cirrhosis compared to 7
      controls (with and without cirrhotic serum incubation). On the other hand, the
      granulocyte response to hydrocortisone test was less marked than in controls.
      This result suggests involvement of the late maturation process of NP and delayed
      release from bone marrow.

PMID- 4026107
TI  - [Effect of ethanol on human polynuclear neutrophils. In vitro and in vivo study].
AB  - Human polynuclear neutrophilic function was studied to determine the role of
      alcohol in the increased susceptibility to infection of chronic alcoholics: in
      vitro studies investigated the effects of different concentrations of ethanol; in
      vivo studies included comparison with healthy subjects after alcohol intake, with
      excessive drinkers without liver disease and with chronic alcoholics with
      confirmed cirrhosis. In vitro depression of polynuclear neutrophilic function was
      observed only with significantly higher concentrations of ethanol than
      encountered clinically. In social and excessive drinkers, phagocytosis was
      decreased but there was no change in bactericidal activity. On the other hand, in
      cirrhotic alcoholics chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity were all
      significantly reduced. A direct action of alcohol alone on polynuclear function
      would not seem to be the cause of the increased risk of bacterial infection of
      chronic alcoholics.

PMID- 4026109
TI  - [Alcohol and urticaria].
AB  - The relationship of alcohol intake and urticaria is complex. The mechanism of
      action may be related to a hypersensitivity reaction to ethyl alcohol or to the
      other components of alcoholic drinks. Urticaria may also result from the
      pharmacological effects of alcohol or from the histamine content of the drink.
      The authors review the literature about hypersensitivity to alcohol and to the
      different components of alcoholic drinks, especially added compounds. The
      appropriate sensitivity tests for making this diagnosis are described.

PMID- 4026110
TI  - [Alcohol, immunity and cancer].
AB  - The immunological equilibrium is greatly affected by the ingestion of alcohol and
      this could possibly be a cancerogenic mechanism. This hypothesis not been yet
      tested experimentally. This paper reviews the circumstantial evidence which does
      not allow any definitive conclusions.

PMID- 4026111
TI  - [Cardiac insufficiency: new hope in its therapy].

PMID- 4026112
TI  - [Role of dihydralazine in the treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency].
AB  - Dihydralazine, sold under the name of Nepressol, is the derivative of the
      hydrazinophthalazines used in France for the treatment of severe cardiac failure.
      The hydrazinophthalazines act in cardiac failure by decreasing systemic arterial
      resistance and increasing cardiac output without causing tachycardia or
      increasing myocardial contractility in normal or hypotensive subjects. The
      hydrazinophthalazines are metabolised by N-acetyl-transferase in the liver. The
      hepatic concentration of this enzyme is genetically determined. The immediate
      haemodynamic results observed with 100 to 300 mg/daily of Nepressol are
      impressive: an 86 p. 100 increase in cardiac output; a 75 p. 100 decrease in
      systemic valvular resistance; a 25 p. 100 fall in left ventricular filling
      pressures. These haemodynamic results are maintained at long-term (3 to 48
      months). This treatment is associated with an improvement in symptoms and
      functional capacity. However, its efficacy in improving survival has not been
      demonstrated. Immunological complications giving rise to a lupic syndrome result
      only in biological changes and do not influence management.

PMID- 4026113
TI  - The assessment of a modification to the acetone/triacetin clearing technique as
      used in the measurement of airborne asbestos dust.

PMID- 4026114
TI  - Absorption of gases in the respiratory tract.

PMID- 4026115
TI  - Sampling and analysis of bitumen fumes.

PMID- 4026116
TI  - An instrument for measuring the concentration of combustible airborne material.

PMID- 4026117
TI  - Bell's palsy in children. Cases of progressive facial nerve degeneration.
AB  - Bell's palsy in children occurs infrequently and carries a good prognosis for
      ultimate recovery. However, results of electrical testing have been reported only
      sparsely. This paper details the authors' experience with five patients under age
      18 who met the criteria for facial nerve decompression in adults. All underwent
      decompression via the middle fossa and manifested a lesion of the nerve, ie,
      edema and hyperemia in the geniculate ganglion, meatal foramen, and internal
      auditory canal. A discussion of pathogenesis and a literature review is included.

PMID- 4026118
TI  - Nasogastric intubation as sole treatment of caustic esophageal lesions.
AB  - In this partly retrospective and partly prospective study, we examined 200
      patients with suspected caustic ingestion. No steroids were administered to the
      patients involved. Lesions in the esophagus were found in 93 patients. Thirty-two
      patients with deep circular burns had nasogastric tubes inserted immediately. Of
      these patients, two developed esophageal strictures, but subsequent dilatation
      was successful. No stricture formation was observed in the group of patients with
      noncircular lesions. We feel that this low percentage of stricture formation is
      due to the use of nasogastric tubes. Since neither the presence nor the severity
      of esophageal burns is predictable, an endoscopy should be performed in all
      suspected cases. In the absence of severe pharyngeal lesions, the use of a
      flexible fiberoptic endoscope is preferable because it also allows examination of
      the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum.

PMID- 4026119
TI  - Thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents.
AB  - Carcinoma of the thyroid gland, although fairly common in young adults, is
      uncommon in the first two decades of life. Because therapy is controversial, it
      is important to study a relatively large group of patients treated in a single
      department. This report records the findings and responses to treatment in 40
      cases of thyroid gland carcinoma in children and adolescents treated from 1953 to
      1982.

PMID- 4026120
TI  - Multiview videoendoscopic evaluation of velopharyngeal physiology in 15 normal
      speakers.
AB  - Oral and nasal videoendoscopic procedures, when used in tandem, could provide a
      more useful analysis of velopharyngeal physiology than either procedure used
      alone. The purposes of this research were to document observed differences
      between the two approaches when applied to the examination of velopharyngeal
      function and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of using oral and
      nasal endoscopy as tandem diagnostic tools. The results indicated that patterns
      of velopharyngeal closure as observed from both the oral and nasal views are in
      approximately 60% agreement. Differences between the two perspectives most
      frequently involve the relative contributions of the pharyngeal walls. These
      differences are attributed to important physiologic variations along the vertical
      plane of the velopharynx. The data indicate that using oral and nasal
      videoendoscopy as tandem diagnostic procedures can result in improved
      understanding of velopharyngeal physiology. The issues of interference with
      speech movements and patient compliance are discussed.

PMID- 4026121
TI  - Ossicular and otic capsular lesions in LP/J mice.
AB  - Otosclerosis is an inherited disease in which abnormal bone growth results in
      ossicular fixation and hearing loss. Although the disease affects up to 10% of
      humans, it has not been observed in other animals. The LP/J inbred mouse has been
      found to develop abnormal bony lesions of the middle ear which resemble human
      otosclerosis. In this study of 113 temporal bones from LP/J mice, we found that
      the lesions develop after puberty and involve only the ossicles and the otic
      capsule. The most frequent site of involvement was the incus (46.9%), followed by
      the anterior crus of the stapes (31.3%), the malleus (14.2%), the otic capsule
      (14.2%), and the stapes footplate (8%). Cochlear hair cell loss was progressive
      throughout the lifespan of these animals. Although this disease is not identical
      in histologic appearance to human otosclerosis, understanding its disease process
      may shed light upon the pathophysiology of the human disease.

PMID- 4026122
TI  - Aspiration in head and neck surgical patients.
AB  - Aspiration, the entry of material into the airway below the true vocal folds, has
      been reported in various types of postsurgical head and neck patients. This study
      was designed to examine radiographically a group of 30 head and neck surgical
      patients with postoperative swallowing difficulties and to identify the
      relationship between the physiologic causes of aspiration in each patient and the
      surgical procedure. The modified barium swallow technique is needed to identify
      the nature of aspiration in these patients. Aspiration before, during, and after
      the swallow was caused by a variety of problems including reduced tongue control,
      delayed triggering of the swallowing reflex, reduced glottic closure, reduced
      laryngeal elevation, and reduced pharyngeal peristalsis. Eight patients exhibited
      two causes of aspiration. No one food consistency caused greater aspiration in
      all patients. The best and worst food consistencies varied with the cause of
      aspiration.

PMID- 4026123
TI  - Efficacy of a monothermal warm water caloric screening test.
AB  - The validity of using monothermal caloric screening tests to shorten bithermal
      caloric test time has been disputed by several investigators. The purpose of this
      study was to reexamine the efficacy of a monothermal warm caloric screening test.
      Two retrospective investigations (n = 130) served to generate normative data and
      provide an estimate of the false-negative rate of the warm monothermal caloric
      screening test. A prospective investigation (n = 30) was also conducted.
      Predictions were made regarding bithermal caloric test normality from warm
      monothermal data, and the bithermal test was completed. The results of this
      prospective investigation suggested that a warm monothermal screening test can
      predict normal bithermal caloric responses with greater than 97% accuracy.
      Criteria for normality include less than 29.54% warm caloric maximum slow phase
      eye velocity (SPEV) interaural difference, maximum SPEVs that are greater than 11
      degrees/s for each ear, absence of significant positional or spontaneous
      nystagmus, and normal ocular motility.

PMID- 4026124
TI  - Rigid transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy for histological specimens.
AB  - Transbronchial needle aspiration of cytopathological specimens has proven useful
      in the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma, but its value in
      conditions requiring histologic confirmation has been hampered by the small size
      of the sample provided. To expand the utility of this procedure, we designed a
      larger (18 gauge) needle with a beveled stylet with which tissue cores for
      histologic study can be obtained during rigid bronchoscopy, and we have evaluated
      the safety and efficacy of this technique. Diagnoses of five neoplastic and three
      granulomatous diseases were established in eight of the ten patients with this
      procedure, and there were no complications. These findings suggest that
      transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy is relatively safe and effective, further
      extending the bronchoscopic approach to selected patients with mediastinal
      disease.

PMID- 4026125
TI  - Modifications of collagens in the course of inflammatory tracheal stenoses.
AB  - A comparison was made between the biochemical and histological properties of
      collagens contained in samples of normal tracheas obtained at autopsy or of
      stenosed tracheas obtained during surgery. The amounts of total collagen
      solubilized by pepsin was increased seven times in the pathological samples, and
      the proportion of cartilage type II collagen decreased by about one half, being
      replaced by type I collagen, whose ratio was increased five times. Microscopic
      studies confirmed that cartilage underwent a degenerative process and was
      progressively infiltrated by fibrils of interstitial collagen.

PMID- 4026126
TI  - Enzymes of acetylcholine metabolism in the rat cochlea.
AB  - The distributions within the rat cochlea of choline acetyltransferase and
      acetylcholinesterase activities were measured to evaluate the prominence of
      cholinergic mechanisms in cochlear function. Samples obtained by microdissection
      of freeze-dried bony labyrinths were assayed radiometrically. Activities of both
      enzymes were highest in regions containing olivocochlear fibers and terminals,
      especially the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion. Within the organ of Corti,
      activities of both enzymes were consistently higher in the vicinity of the inner
      hair cells than in that of the outer hair cells and were much lower in the apical
      turn than in middle or basal turns. Surgical cuts in the brain stem transecting
      the olivocochlear pathway on one side led within seven days to total loss of
      choline acetyltransferase activity in the ipsilateral organ of Corti. It is
      concluded that all cholinergic structures in the rat organ of Corti derive from
      the brain stem and that synapses on or near both inner and outer hair cells are
      cholinergic.

PMID- 4026127
TI  - Ciliary activity of the middle ear lining in guinea pigs.
AB  - Since the middle ear lining is an extension and a modification of the respiratory
      epithelium, it is conceivable that it has a mucociliary system and plays an
      important role in clearing the middle ear cavity. It has already been noted in
      morphological investigations that the middle ear mucosa has ciliated cells. To
      our knowledge, however, ciliary activity has never been observed directly. In our
      research, we used the photoelectric method to study ciliary activity of the
      middle ear mucosa directly and quantitatively. We made special reference to the
      frequency of ciliary beating at various sites within the middle ear cavity.
      Ciliary activity was found to exist in the eustachian tube and the middle ear,
      the same as in other respiratory organs, and this activity was stronger in cells
      distal to the eustachian tube.

PMID- 4026128
TI  - Electronystagmographic findings in posterior fossa metastases.

PMID- 4026129
TI  - Nerves and neurotropic carcinomas.
AB  - Neurotropism by a carcinoma in the head and neck refers to invasion in, around,
      and through peripheral nerves. This invasion may be along planes of least
      resistance in the connective tissue coverings of the nerve or less frequently by
      endolymphatic spread. The only lymphatics associated with a nerve are those in
      the perineural covering and in the epineurium. Such malignant neurotropism is to
      be distinguished from benign epithelial inclusions simulating neural invasion.

PMID- 4026130
TI  - [Mycobacterium chelonei cutaneous infections. General review apropos of a case].
AB  - Mycobacterium chelonei is a facultative pathogen which exists as a saprophyte in
      the environment and rarely produces clinical manifestations in humans. We
      describe a 62-year-old woman, long-term treated with low-dose steroids for severe
      asthma, who presented sporotrichoid-like lesions on one leg. These lesions
      appeared two months after a cat-scratch and were present for six months.
      Histological examination showed acute inflammation with polymorphonuclear
      infiltration without tuberculoid granuloma nor caseation necrosis. Ziehl-Neelsen
      stains were negative. Mycobacteria were found by direct examination and
      Mycobacterium chelonei chelonei was identified by culture. Treatment with
      isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol was given for one month and followed by
      complete resolution of the lesions, though each of these antibiotics was not
      effective in vitro. The literature about Mycobacterium chelonei infections is
      reviewed and the role of the antibiotherapy in clinical recovery is discussed.

PMID- 4026131
TI  - [Unusual and unknown aspect of cutaneous malignant melanoma: minimal deviation
      malignant melanoma. Retrospective study of 45 cases].
AB  - Minimal deviation malignant melanoma (MDMM) is a rare melanocytic tumor of the
      skin that shares both malignant and benign histologic features: 1) a vertical
      growth phase similar to that of malignant melanomas with expansile nodules
      invading throughout the reticular dermis (Clark's level IV), and even the
      subcutaneous fat (Clark's level V); 2) but a monotonous and uniform proliferation
      of melanocytic cells that are only moderately atypical. A very slight cellular
      maturation from the top to bottom of the lesions may be observed, but usually
      there is no maturation at all. By themselves, the cells do not appear as
      malignant. A borderline variant of MDMM shows identical cytological and growth
      pattern features, but remains confined to a Clark's level III of invasion. Over
      the past 14 years, 45 cases (female to male ratio: 1.5:1.0) of MDMM, 8 of which
      were of the borderline variant, were observed. The lesions appeared as acquired
      pigmented tumors, 0.5 to 1.0 cm in size which predominated on the trunk. Young
      adults (mean age: 34 years) were most frequently involved. Based on the
      cytological characteristics of the cellular proliferation, they could be
      subdivided in 4 groups: 1) epithelioid and spindle cell type (15 cases); 2)
      epithelioid type (14 cases); 3) spindle cell type (7 cases); and 4) pigmented
      spindle cell type (9 cases). The mean thickness of the 45 cases was 3.06 mm (1.24
      mm for the borderline lesions; 3.40 mm for the MDMM). Tumors with a spindle cell
      component appeared thicker than those without. Mitoses were numerous (mean:
      3.2/10 high power fields). Each tumor but one showed a junctional component. This
      appeared as melanocytic hyperplasia or melanocytic nests at the dermoepidermal
      interface. Moreover, 10 cases (7 MDMM and 3 borderline tumors) disclosed
      intraepidermal spread of melanocytes. However, as observed with the dermal
      component of the lesions, these intraepidermal melanocytes never appeared
      cytologically malignant, although moderate atypism could be observed. At last, an
      association with a compound or dermal nevus was seen in 8 cases. MDMM appears as
      a particular subgroup of cutaneous malignant melanomas with distinct and
      characteristic histologic features. Its differential diagnosis includes blue
      nevus, especially the cellular variant, combined nevus, spindle and epithelioid
      cell nevus (Spitz-Allen's nevus) and cutaneous metastasis of malignant melanoma.
      The most important features for the differential diagnosis are the growth
      pattern, the absence of cellular maturation, the absence of real malignant cells
      and moderate cellular atypism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4026132
TI  - [Role of an anti-estrogen, tamoxifen, in the treatment of metastatic malignant
      melanoma].
AB  - The hormone-dependence of malignant melanoma is brought to mind by some
      epidemiological facts (rarely found in children, more frequently in females,
      higher frequency in case of prolonged use of oral contraceptives from an early
      age). On the other hand, estrogen receptors can be found in about 30 p. 100 of
      malignant melanomas. Starting from this hypothesis of a sub-population of hormone
      dependent malignant melanomas, it seemed of interest to us to study the
      efficiency of an anti-estrogen, namely Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) in the management of
      metastatic malignant melanoma. It was used at a 40 mg daily dose-regimen on four
      patients (three post-menopausal females, one male) with multiple estrogen
      positive cutaneous metastases. In post-menopausal women, two cases of total
      regression were observed, associated with a distinct increase in progesterone
      receptors while under treatment and with a return to the initial stage when the
      treatment was stopped. This phenomenon can be explained by a double self
      contradictory effect of the drug, already well known in other hormone-dependent
      cancers such as those of the breast or the endometrium, namely an anti-estrogen
      result on the tumoral growth and an estrogen result as attested by the synthesis
      of progesterone receptors. Certain malignant melanomas therefore behave as
      endocrine-dependent tumours and may so answer an anti-hormone treatment through a
      competitive fixation on estrogen-receptors. Our clinical results are in agreement
      with such a theory since Tamoxifen is at best effective on cutaneous metastases
      of post-menopausal women. The overall efficiency on all metastases is of the
      order of 10.6 p 100 (complete or partial regression).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4026133
TI  - [Leprosy in young children. 2 cases at 3 years of age].
AB  - Two children (age 3 years) presented with leprosy in endemic area: one was type T
      (tuberculoid paucibacillary); the other was type BL (borderline lepromatous)
      considering a very fast evolution, and was treated as a multibacillary leprosy.
      The family of the second child reported that the onset of the disease was
      consecutive to an insect bite at 5 1/2 months of age. Such observations remind us
      that leprosy must be suspected or thought about very early since the incubation
      period is likely to be shorter than previously proclaimed.

PMID- 4026134
TI  - [Trigeminal neurotrophic ulceration after thermocoagulation of Gasser's ganglion:
      apropos of a case with involvement of 3 areas of the trigeminal nerve].

PMID- 4026135
TI  - [Brachytelephalangy disclosed by nail dystrophies induced by cryotherapy].

PMID- 4026136
TI  - [Current concept of abdominal traumatology in children].

PMID- 4026137
TI  - [Acute intracranial hematoma in neonates at term. Apropos of 17 cases].

PMID- 4026138
TI  - [Standard frontal radiography in isolated pulmonary valve stenoses].

PMID- 4026139
TI  - [2 new cases of ring chromosome 14].

PMID- 4026140
TI  - [Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 18, holoprosencephaly and pitressin
      sensitive diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 4026141
TI  - [Chronic meningococcemia in a 16 1/2-month-old child].

PMID- 4026142
TI  - [Panhypopituitarism (disclosed by hyponatremia) immediately following a head
      injury].

PMID- 4026143
TI  - [Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome. Apropos of a neonatal case].

PMID- 4026144
TI  - [Profile of convulsions in infants and young children in Brazzaville (Congo)].

PMID- 4026145
TI  - [The Meningococcus and its pathology. A symposium sponsored by the French
      Language Society for Infectious Pathology].

PMID- 4026147
TI  - [Idiopathic calcinosis].

PMID- 4026146
TI  - [Visceral and parietal malformations associated with cervical and dorsal spine
      abnormalities. The viewpoint of the pediatric orthopedic surgeon].

PMID- 4026148
TI  - [Convulsions with 3 antitussive substituted derivatives of piperazine (zipeprol,
      eprazinone, eprozinol)].

PMID- 4026149
TI  - [Apical pulmonary sequestrations in children. Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 4026150
TI  - [Trisomy syndrome of the end section of the long arm of chromosome 4].

PMID- 4026151
TI  - [Chronic erythroblastopenia with hyposplenism in a 10-year-old girl].

PMID- 4026152
TI  - [Favorable outcome of a recurring malignant adrenocortical tumor under O,P'-DDD
      therapy].

PMID- 4026153
TI  - [Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with dense deposits associated with
      hepatitis B viral infection].

PMID- 4026154
TI  - [Analysis of 1,165 autopsies of children in 3 hospital departments in Iran].

PMID- 4026155
TI  - [Can the treatment of pulmonary superinfections in children with cystic fibrosis
      be maximized?].

PMID- 4026156
TI  - [Advice and prescriptions for infants preceding the departure of an Algerian
      family for Algeria].

PMID- 4026157
TI  - [Ulcer recurrence after fundus vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. Incidence.
      Epidemiology].

PMID- 4026158
TI  - [Hydatid cysts of the liver rupturing into the bile ducts. Therapeutic
      procedures].

PMID- 4026159
TI  - [Post-traumatic spinal epidural hematoma. 8 cases].

PMID- 4026160
TI  - [Post-traumatic false aneurysm of the celiac trunk. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4026161
TI  - [Proximal wound of the upper mesenteric artery. Apropos of a case treated with
      success].

PMID- 4026162
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic metastases of
      colo-rectal cancers].

PMID- 4026163
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of intravenous acebutolol in the acute phase of myocardial
      infarction].
AB  - The haemodynamic tolerance of intravenous acebutolol was evaluated during the
      acute phase of myocardial infarction. This is a beta-blocker with an intrinsic
      beta-stimulant effect. The study consisted of 14 patients (10 cases of inferior
      infarction and 4 cases of anterior infarction) with a mean capillary pressure of
      less than 20 mmHg and a cardiac index greater than 2 l X min-1 X m-2. The minimal
      dose of acebutolol was 0.05 mg X kg-1 X h-1 and the maximal dose was 0.125 mg X
      kg-1 X h-1. The intravenous infusion of acebutolol was commenced between 3 and 12
      hours (average: 7.5 hours) after the infarction and was continued for 48 hours,
      at which time it was replaced by oral administration. The mean total intravenous
      dose was 409 mg (from 190 to 510 mg). Two patients were excluded from the
      protocol because of the development of 2nd degree atrioventricular block several
      minutes after the beginning of the infusion. The basal values of the cardiac
      index (2.7 l X min-1 X m-2 +/- 0.37), the mean capillary pressure (9.4 mmHg +/-
      2.7) and the systolic index (38.3 ml/m2 +/- 6.4) did not change significantly
      during the infusion, in the 14 patients studied. The double product, heart rate x
      blood pressure, decreased from the mean basal value of 9,443 to 7,680 at 24 hours
      and to 7,000 at 48 hours (p less than 0.05). Acebutolol does not depress left
      ventricular function, provided that it is reserved for patients with class I or
      II disease according to Killip and Kimball's classification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026164
TI  - [Torsades de pointe. Apropos of 60 cases].
AB  - The authors report a personal series of 60 cases of "torsade de pointe" (the
      largest series published to date) seen in the Cardiology department of Amiens
      Hospital over a period of 11 years. They review the essential features of this
      arrhythmia, which was well described by F. Dessertenne in 1966, but which is
      still sometimes confused with certain forms of ventricular tachycardia. "Torsade
      de pointe" is still a topical issue, as 25% of the cases in this series were seen
      over the last two years. These cases were classified into three groups according
      to their aetiology: severe bradycardia (21 cases), potassium depletion (16
      cases), drug causes (23 cases). This arrhythmia was essentially associated with
      iatrogenic factors, in particular potassium depletion (41.6% of cases). The
      classical notion of predisposed patients was confirmed: elderly patients (mean
      age of 68 years), with cardiovascular disease in 70% of cases (i.e. heart failure
      or coronary insufficiency, hypertension) and with a marked female predominance
      (70% women). The ECG between episodes of "torsade de pointe" always revealed a
      prolonged QT interval which, in relation to the heart rate, was more marked in
      the patients with potassium depletion. During an attack, the average ventricular
      rate was 210/min (range: 170 to 290/min). 20% of cases subsequently developed
      ventricular fibrillation. The overall mortality was 16.6% (10 out of 60 cases),
      but there have been no deaths since 1977 due to the better understanding of this
      arrhythmia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026165
TI  - [Outcome of patients with inoperable multivessel coronary disease].
AB  - The authors studied the clinical course of 100 patients with two or three vessel
      coronary artery disease who were unsuitable for surgery because of the poor
      quality of the distal vascular bed or excessively depressed left ventricular
      function. The 6 year actuarial survival was 58 per cent; 43 of the 100 patients
      did not present any serious cardiac events causing death or requiring further
      admission to hospital, over this follow-up period. The severity of the clinical
      course in women and the presence of heart failure prior to coronary angiography
      were considered to be among the most important clinical prognostic factors. On
      the basis of the haemodynamic survey, the probability of survival or the risk of
      a further coronary accident appears to depend more on the extent of the left
      ventricular kinetic abnormalities than on the ejection fraction or the severity
      of the coronary lesions.

PMID- 4026166
TI  - [Total obstruction of the anterior interventricular artery without myocardial
      infarction].
AB  - Complete proximal occlusion of the the anterior interventricular artery was
      associated with the presence (group A: 31 cases) or the absence (group B: 31
      cases) of transmural myocardial necrosis in the corresponding territory. The aim
      of this study was to define the factors which determine the development of
      permanent myocardial necrosis, on the basis of clinical, electrocardiographic,
      haemodynamic and angiographic criteria. Group B was characterised by the
      following features: almost all of the patients (30 out of 31) had unstable
      angina, for less than 2 months in half of the cases; 67% of cases presented an
      abnormality of ventricular repolarisation on the resting ECG, usually (54 per
      cent of cases) in leads V3 to V5, suggestive of isolated sub-pericardial
      ischaemia in half of these cases; 24 cases presented moderate regional
      hypokinesia in the anteroapical territory of the LV; the distal AIV artery was
      more clearly visualised (17 cases had a well perfused AIV artery compared with 6
      in group A) and a greater number of patients obtained homocoronary interseptal re
      perfusion (8 versus 2) and heterocoronary re-perfusion by distal anastomosis of
      the AIV artery and the PIV artery by the apex (13 versus 3) (p less than 0.05)
      than in group A. However, the possibility of surgery was considered to be limited
      (39%) on the basis of the angiographic criteria. Thus, in group B, a "phantom AIV
      artery syndrome" can not be distinguished from unstable angina on the basis of
      the clinical and electrocardiographic profile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026167
TI  - [Transmural myocardial infarction. An impossible electrocardiographic diagnosis].
AB  - The anatomical and experimental data clearly show that transmural myocardial
      infarction does not always produce a pathological Q wave on the ECG, but may
      sometimes only cause abnormalities of the ST segment and the T wave. Conversely,
      a sub-endocardial myocardial infarction may present with pathological Q waves.
      Schematically, the histology of transmural myocardial infarction usually reveals
      so-called coagulation necrosis, while sub-endocardial myocardial infarction
      generally corresponds to myofibrillary degeneration (contraction band necrosis),
      which promotes a reperfusion process. Very often, however, the histological
      appearance is not so clear-cut and the features tend to overlap. Consequently, in
      practice, it does not seem justified to use the electrocardiogram as a basis to
      distinguish between transmural and sub-endocardial infarctions, in terms of
      prognosis, or to select possible candidates for coronary angiography following a
      first myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4026168
TI  - [Dispersion of auricular refractory periods. Role of the intensity of the
      stimulation current].
AB  - In a series of 12 patients, the right atrial effective and functional refractory
      periods (ERP and FRP) were determined at 3 different sites and at 3 different
      intensities (threshold intensity and double and triple the threshold intensity).
      The mean of the range of the ERP in the same atrium was 43.4 ms and that of the
      FRP was 53.5 ms. These ranges appear to be independent of the intensity of
      stimulation. However, the values of the refractory periods were strictly
      correlated with the intensity of the stimulation current used. This correlation
      appeared to be much more marked for the ERP than for the FRP.

PMID- 4026169
TI  - [Endocavitary electrocautery of a right anterior bundle of Kent].
AB  - The authors report another case of successful endocavitary electrocautery in a
      young woman with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The pre-excitation was
      controlled by the administration of two 250 joule electrical shocks applied to
      the atrial origin of the right anterior bundle. The clinical and laboratory
      tolerance were satisfactory. Although these results are encouraging, other
      studies are required in order to define the indications and protocols of
      electrocautery of accessory pathways.

PMID- 4026170
TI  - [Multiple systolic clicks. Unusual auscultation of Starr Edwards valves implanted
      in the aortic position. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report the case of unusual auscultatory findings, multiple systolic
      clicks, in a patient with a Starr-Edwards model 1 260 aortic valve replacement,
      six years after the implantation. The aetiology of this anomaly appears to be
      incorrect positioning of the prosthetic valve ring.

PMID- 4026171
TI  - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of a rare mechanical complication of biventricular
      infarction. Rupture of the free wall of the right ventricle].
AB  - The authors report a case of rupture of the free wall of the right ventricle,
      diagnosed by two dimensional echocardiography. This examination revealed an
      intrapericardial clot associated with a fissure of the diaphragmatic wall of the
      right ventricle. This case emphasises the value of two dimensional
      echocardiography in the acute phase of myocardial infarction for the diagnosis of
      complications which require urgent surgical treatment.

PMID- 4026172
TI  - [Thromboembolic complications and permanent endocavitary stimulation catheters].
AB  - Based on four cases of phlebitis associated with permanent intravenous cardiac
      stimulation catheters, the authors review the pathophysiology, clinical signs,
      diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The insertion of the catheter causes
      varying degrees of radiologically detectable thrombosis in 30 to 50 per cent of
      cases. The most frequent clinical presentation is the typical picture of
      phlebitis of the upper limb due to axillo-subclavian thrombosis. However,
      clinical signs are only present in 0.5 to 5 per cent of cases (1.7 per cent of
      cases in the present series). The risk of this complication can not be predicted
      on the basis of delay after the implantation. The incidence is increased in
      patients with more than one stimulating electrode, but this disease is not
      confined to this group of patients. The thrombosis may affect the superior vena
      cava or the right cardiac cavities, when it may also be associated with pulmonary
      embolism, as in one of the cases in this series. One case with arteriolar
      involvement (phlegmatia cerulea) is also described. The diagnosis may require
      impedance rheoplethysmography, two dimensional echocardiography, isotope
      phlebography or contrast phlebography, which remains the most frequently used
      technique. The treatment is medical, consisting of intravenous or subcutaneous
      heparin. Fibrinolysis may be indicated in cases with recent superior vena cava
      thrombosis and or other complications. To our knowledge, no controlled studies
      have been performed to define the optimal treatment. Long term prophylactic
      anticoagulant therapy is useless. There is never any indication for removal and
      replacement of the catheter responsible or for the removal of useless catheters
      left in place in patients with multiple implants.

PMID- 4026173
TI  - A rare complication of anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection of the
      rectum.

PMID- 4026174
TI  - Reoperation for gastro-esophageal cancer.

PMID- 4026175
TI  - Oesophageal atresia and respiratory complications. Matti Sulamaa lecture-30th May
      1983.

PMID- 4026176
TI  - The state of health of patients previously operated on for primary
      hyperparathyroidism compared with randomized controls.
AB  - 240 patients operated on for PHPT in the years 1956-79 were compared with 240 sex
      and age matched randomized controls to examine the present state of health of the
      patients. Diseases which occurred in both groups were registered to clarify their
      possible association with PHPT. Recurring urinary tract infections occurred as
      often in both groups, though renal stones had naturally been more frequent in the
      PHPT group. Serum creatinine was elevated in 33 PHPT patients and in 9 controls
      (p less than 0.001), and renal damage was also more severe in the PHPT patients.
      Malaise and fatigue occurred in 29 PHPT patients and in 14 controls (p less than
      0.05). Medically treated hypertension was found in 95 PHPT patients and in 53
      controls (p less than 0.001). Eight PHPT patients and one control had had
      pancreatitis (p less than 0.01). Peptic ulcer disease and gallstones were
      registered as frequently in both groups. 16 PHPT patients and three controls had
      received previous irradiation to the neck region (p less than 0.01). Six PHPT
      patients, but none of the controls, had had a differentiated non-medullary
      thyroid carcinoma. Two of the thyroid carcinoma patients had received
      irradiation. Other malignant diseases were as frequent in both groups. Three
      controls were hypercalcaemic and had PHPT verified at operation. The prevalence
      of PHPT in the control group was 1.25%. The state of health was normal in 52% of
      the PHPT patients and in 68% of the controls (p less than 0.001). The results
      indicate that PHPT permanently deteriorates the health of the patients and should
      therefore be diagnosed and treated as early as possible in the course of the
      disease.

PMID- 4026177
TI  - Observations on 334 patients operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - 334 patients were operated on for PHPT during the years 1956-79. A follow-up
      study of the material was performed during the years 1980-82 and it included 289
      patients. The material was divided into single adenoma (SA) and multiglandular
      disease (MGD) cases. The initial diagnosis of SA given by the primary operation
      was later changed in 12 patients (4%) by reoperations performed for persistent or
      recurrent hypercalcaemia; the follow-up study changed the diagnosis in four
      patients. The proportion of MGD in the follow-up material was 15.2%. Reoperations
      were performed in 4% in the SA group and in 29% in the MGD group. The primary
      results concerning the serum calcium level were good in both SA and MGD groups,
      but, at the follow-up study 1.6% of the patients in the SA group and 41% of the
      patients in the MGD group were hypercalcaemic (serum calcium over 2.65 mmol/l).
      The hypercalcaemia at the follow-up study was, however, slight in general (mean
      2.75 +/- 0.09 mmol/l). In the whole material, permanent hypoparathyroidism
      occurred in 1.2%, permanent unilateral vocal cord paralysis in 0.9% and permanent
      bilateral vocal cord paralysis in 0.6%. Operative mortality was 0.9%. The
      "conservative" strategy used in the whole material gave good results in SA
      patients but considerably worse results in MGD patients. Accordingly, MGD
      patients should be operated more "radically".

PMID- 4026178
TI  - Anaemia in primary hyperparathyroidism--fantasy or reality.
AB  - Controversy exists as to whether primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with
      an anaemia. Records corresponding to 215 patients operated on at the Karolinska
      Hospital between 1972 and 1981 were reviewed. An incidence of 7.4% of anaemia was
      found, but in only 3% of these cases the anaemia could not be explained by any
      other known cause. The anaemic group was characteristic in presenting a
      normochromic and normocytic picture, with iron and serum transferrin values below
      the normal range. No renal or osseous pathology was observed. In these patients,
      the anaemia disappeared after the parathyroidectomy, and iron values remained
      below the normal range. In conclusion, a mild normochromic and normocytic anaemia
      that disappeared after parathyroid surgery was observed in six patients with PHPT
      (3%). Its mechanisms are obscure, but data available suggest that parathyroid
      disease could be of aetiological importance.

PMID- 4026179
TI  - Prognostic indicators in burned patients.
AB  - The clinical course and outcome of 64 burned patients treated in the intensive
      care unit were analysed in order to find indicators for prognosis. Total burn
      area varied from 7 to 90% of body surface area. 17 patients (27%) died. In
      addition to the extent of burn injury and nature of it, e.g. airway burns,
      disturbances in some biochemical parameters were associated with increased
      mortality. These were disturbances in haematocrit, thrombocyte numbers, arterial
      pH, serum protein concentration and serum osmolality during the first three days
      of treatment. By means of a logistic model factors were obtained which proved
      most significant for prognosis; these were the age of the patient, arterial pH
      and serum protein concentration at the beginning of the treatment. The results
      suggest that the extent of the burned area is not the only factor affecting the
      outcome of the patient.

PMID- 4026180
TI  - Wertheim radical hysterectomy. Surgical complications, accuracy of clinical
      staging and value of lymphangiography in cervical carcinoma.
AB  - Wertheim radical hysterectomy combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed
      at the Helsinki University Central Hospital on 132 women of whom 120 had cervical
      carcinoma from Stage IA to early IIB and 12 had endometrial carcinoma Stage II.
      None of the patients died or had severe complications during their
      hospitalisation. The left ureter was accidently transected in two patients and
      both were corrected immediately. Wound complications occurred in 16 patients
      (12%). The high incidence of wound complications is probably partly related to
      the low-dose heparin prophylaxis. The initial clinical staging was found to be
      correct in 85% of the cases. Five cases were under-staged. All ten patients cases
      of early Stage IIB were over-staged, none of whom had parametrial invasion. The
      predictive value of lymphangiography was low, 14% in histologically positive
      cases and 89% in negative cases of lymph node metastases. Lymphangiography proved
      to be only of value in facilitating complete lymph node dissection. Intra
      operative lymphangiographic control revealed radio-positive nodes and lead to
      further dissection in 30 patients (24%).

PMID- 4026181
TI  - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with no peripheral eosinophilia.
AB  - A 41-year-old female with intermittent abdominal pain and diarrhea for a period
      of three years was found to have eosinophilic enteritis. The patient has had
      neither a history of atopy nor peripheral eosinophilia, commonly reported in
      association with eosinophilic enteritis. The patient made a rapid clinical
      response to steroid therapy. The literature on eosinophilic gastroenteritis is
      reviewed.

PMID- 4026182
TI  - The biochemist's contribution to the clinical process.

PMID- 4026183
TI  - Systemic availability of oral slow-release morphine in man.
AB  - In a within-patient crossover study on twelve patients we investigated plasma
      morphine concentrations for 48 hours after administration of intravenous morphine
      sulphate followed 24 hours later by oral MST Continus [MST]. Patients received
      either 10 mg i.v. morphine followed by 10 mg MST or 20 mg i.v. morphine followed
      by 2 X 10 mg MST tablets. Systemic clearance of morphine was low, being about 3
      ml/min/kg after both intravenous and oral administration. The ratio of the areas
      under the concentration-time curve for MST relative to that for i.v. morphine was
      about 1:1 for 20 mg doses, but was significantly greater than 1:1 for 10 mg
      doses. The results suggest high oral systemic availability for morphine and low
      hepatic morphine metabolism.

PMID- 4026184
TI  - Plasma bile salt levels in patients presenting with generalised pruritus: an
      improved indicator of occult liver disease.
AB  - Fasting plasma bile salt concentrations were measured in 26 patients presenting
      to a Skin Department who had generalised pruritus without primary skin disease,
      as part of a screening investigation for systemic causes of pruritus. The results
      were compared with conventional tests of hepatic function. Plasma-conjugated
      cholate measurements identified all patients with hepatobiliary disease.
      Conventional liver function tests were abnormal in these patients but also in
      five patients with no other evidence of hepatic dysfunction. Fasting conjugated
      cholate measurements offer a useful screening test for identifying hepatobiliary
      disease in patients presenting with generalised pruritus.

PMID- 4026186
TI  - Immunoturbidimetry of serum C-reactive protein in low concentration of
      polyethylene glycol.
AB  - A simple, rapid immunoturbidimetric assay for determination of serum C-reactive
      protein is presented. In order to obtain constant sample blank values within a
      few minutes we found it necessary to use a low concentration (10 g/L) of
      polyethylene glycol 6000 in contrast to the commonly used 40 g/L PEG solution.
      The sensitivity of the assay presented is 7 mg/L; within-run and between-run CVs
      ranged respectively from 1.4% to 2.4% and from 2.1% to 5.5%. Results obtained
      with the proposed method correlate well with radial immunodiffusion.

PMID- 4026185
TI  - Comparison of three different assay procedures for the determination of HbA1 with
      special attention to the influence of pre-HbA1c, temperature and haemoglobin
      concentration.
AB  - Three different methods for the measurement of glycated haemoglobin or HbA1,
      based on agar gel electrophoresis, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography were
      compared. All three showed acceptable precision (overall CV being less than 5%)
      and correlated well with each other (r greater than 0.945). The ion-exchange and
      affinity chromatography method proved to be independent of the amount of pre
      HbA1c present. The electrophoresis method was independent of temperature in
      contrast to the other two methods, which showed a strong and comparable
      temperature dependency. All three methods were dependent on the haemoglobin
      concentration and/or protein content of the haemolysate. Both ion-exchange and
      electrophoresis showed significant interference by changes in haemoglobin
      concentrations, whereas the protein concentration significantly biased the
      affinity chromatography figures. Taking into account their specific merits all
      three methods are acceptable for routine use.

PMID- 4026187
TI  - External quality assessment of urinary pregnancy oestrogen assay: further
      experience in the United Kingdom.
AB  - Four years' experience with external quality assessment of urinary pregnancy
      oestrogen and creatinine assays using a revised scheme design, incorporating
      frequent distributions, individualised reports and running scores based on
      variance index scores, is described. During this period there was a rapid and
      substantial improvement in interlaboratory agreement, which appears attributable
      in part to these improvements in scheme design. The derivation and use of a new
      index, the SDBIS (standard deviation of the bias index score), which assesses
      variability of bias, are described. Investigations showed that urine-based
      calibration materials could improve between-laboratory agreement; there were only
      minor differences in performance between method groups.

PMID- 4026188
TI  - Validity of the consensus mean as the target value for a small External Quality
      Assessment Scheme.
AB  - Data from 2 years' operation of an External Quality Assessment Scheme covering 14
      analytes and with some 60 participants is presented. Following the trimming of
      discrepant results and statistical 'outliers' (outside the range of +/- 3 SD from
      the mean), there was generally close agreement between consensus mean values for
      a specimen analysed on different occasions, by different groups of laboratories,
      or when using different analytical methods. An improvement in performance,
      indicated by a reduction in the average inter-laboratory coefficient of variation
      was found for 11 of the 14 analytes over the 2-year period.

PMID- 4026189
TI  - A simple, optimised and rapid assay for urinary free catecholamines by HPLC with
      electrochemical detection.
AB  - A rapid method is described for the determination of urinary free catecholamines
      by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Optimised and equilibrium assay
      conditions are assessed for sample preparation, separation and detection.
      Catecholamine stability is maintained during the assay procedure by the addition
      of a combined reducing agent. Variability in recovery between aqueous standards
      and urine samples is minimised by dilution of samples with a concentrated Tris
      buffer solution. Ethyl acetate washing of an acid eluate is performed after and
      not before an alumina adsorption step in order to make the procedure as simple
      and rapid as possible. The method is evaluated and has thus far identified two
      cases of phaeochromocytoma and one case of neuroblastoma.

PMID- 4026190
TI  - Albumin analysis in serum of haemodialysis patients: discrepancies between
      bromocresol purple, bromocresol green and electroimmunoassay.
AB  - The analysis of serum albumin by bromocresol purple (BCP), by bromocresol green
      (BCG), and by electroimmunoassay (EIA) has been compared in a mixed group of 100
      hospital patients. Good agreement between the immunochemical and BCP methods, but
      a positive bias with the BCG method led to routine use of the BCP method. In a
      group of 19 paediatric patients on chronic haemodialysis the mean BCP-albumin was
      found to be lower than the true albumin, as determined by EIA, whereas the
      positive bias using the BCG method remained. The difference between BCP-albumin
      and EIA-albumin in the haemodialysis group varied from 0 to -13 g/L (mean -7.1
      g/L) but was effectively constant for most patients over a 3-month period.
      Possible mechanisms and necessary further investigations are discussed.

PMID- 4026191
TI  - The stability of creatine kinase isoenzymes studied with two-site monoclonal
      antibody assays.
AB  - The stability of human creatine kinase isoenzymes was investigated under
      different storage conditions using specific two-site monoclonal antibody assays.
      In Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.5 or barbitone buffer pH 8.1 containing 5 g/L bovine
      serum albumin, the isoenzymes appeared to be stable for up to 3 weeks at 4
      degrees C but suffered a partial subunit dissociation and random reassociation
      after freeze-thawing; this dissociation was more pronounced as a result of
      freezing at -20 degrees C rather than at -70 degrees C. In contrast, creatine
      kinase isoenzymes stored in serum were stable at both 4 degrees C and following
      freeze-thawing. High levels of heart type creatine kinase in serum showed only
      minor subunit hybridisation even after 12 h at room temperature. We conclude that
      in practical clinical situations, subunit hybridisation in serum samples is
      negligible. We recommend however, that isoenzyme standards for use in either two
      site assays or radioimmunoassays should be stored frozen in normal serum from
      which endogenous creatine kinase isoenzymes have been previously removed.

PMID- 4026192
TI  - Studies on the nature of prolactin-like immunoreactivity in bromelin-treated
      cervical mucus.
AB  - Prolactin has been reported to be present in cervical mucus at concentrations
      higher than those found in blood. Our initial findings appeared to confirm this
      and the material fulfilled criteria of validity generally applied when an
      immunoassay is employed on a new biological matrix, i.e. parallelism and
      chromatographic identity. Further experiments demonstrated that prolactin
      concentrations in cervical mucus were less than 40 mU/L and the prolactin-like
      immunoreactivity originally detected was due to the action of the enzyme bromelin
      which was used to liquefy the mucus. Bromelin has a similar molecular weight to
      prolactin and appeared to digest prolactin tracer and reduce its ability to bind
      antiserum in a manner paralleling the effect of adding pituitary prolactin.

PMID- 4026193
TI  - The fluorimetric determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio of amniotic
      fluid after HPLC.
AB  - We have investigated whether fluorimetric determination of the
      lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio is feasible after HPLC. We found that the saturated
      phospholipid, dipalmitoyl lecithin, which is secreted by the fetal lung, and
      which cannot be detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, can be determined
      fluorimetrically. For this purpose we have added the fluorescence-enhancing
      substance, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene to the effluent. With the aid of a
      continuous-flow system we showed that the method can be used for a rapid assay of
      the ratio of these phospholipids in amniotic fluid.

PMID- 4026194
TI  - Increased possibilities for detecting drugs by the Toxi-Lab screening test.
AB  - The authors have investigated the possibility of detection of over 40 drugs and
      their metabolites, which are not included in the original list of the Toxi-Lab
      reagent set. The data on Rf-values of these drugs and the colours in detecting
      steps are given.

PMID- 4026195
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hepatic metastases].
AB  - 355 patients with hepatic metastases were followed between 1970 and 1984 at the
      Hopital Paul Brousse. 132 cases were of colonic origin: 32 were treated by means
      of hepatic resection (including 5 metastasectomies), 7 by intra-hepatic
      anastomosis and 5 by devascularisation. The other 88 patients did not receive any
      surgical treatment. In 148 of the other 233 patients, the metastases were of non
      colonic gastro-intestinal or rectal origin and in the remaining 75 cases the
      metastases were derived from another site. 12 patients were treated by hepatic
      resection, 6 by devascularisation, 2 by intra-hepatic anastomosis and 2 by
      intubation of the bile ducts. One patient (0.5 per cent) died during the post
      operative period following these operations. The long term survival was 73 per
      cent at 1 year and 29 per cent at 3 years. In conclusion, some patients are
      definitely cured by hepatic resection, although these patients cannot be
      predicted. For this reason, the surgeon's role consists of trying to decrease as
      much as possible the operative risk and to propose this type of treatment to all
      patients in which it may be beneficial.

PMID- 4026196
TI  - [Pseudotumoral form of hepatic tuberculosis. Apropos of a case report].
AB  - Concerning one case of autonomous hepatic tuberculosis in a pseudo-tumoral
      aspect, the difficulties of making the diagnosis are brought to light. Liver
      biopsy is the best examination to clarify things, either performed under
      ultrasonic control or during surgery. This biopsy permits pathologic examination
      and culture of a liver fragment in Lowenstein medium. But in fact, only isolation
      of the tubercle bacillus at the liver level confirms presence of tuberculosis.

PMID- 4026197
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the spleen during the development of chronic
      pancreatitis. One case].
AB  - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen is a relatively rare occurrence during the
      course of chronic pancreatitis. The physiopathology remains imprecise and
      mechanical factors are associated with pancreatic enzyme diffusion and vascular
      changes in explaining its aetiology. The diagnosis is difficult since it often
      mimics an acute exacerbation of pancreatitis or even actual acute pancreatitis
      when the existence of the pancreatic condition is not previously known. Abdominal
      echotomography or peritoneal puncture-lavage and, now, CAT scanning are the key
      factors in reaching the diagnosis.

PMID- 4026198
TI  - [Culture of human hepatocytes. Findings and outlook].
AB  - Human hepatocytes can be obtained by portal vein perfusion in the presence of
      collagenase. A co-culture system is suitable for maintenance of high levels of
      specific functions. The field for the use of cultured hepatocytes is now being
      enlarged. Pharmacological, carcinological and virological studies on a cellular
      scale are within the bounds of possibility.

PMID- 4026199
TI  - [Non-operative treatment of ulcer perforation].
AB  - The treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer cannot be standardised. In emergency
      to treat definitively both the perforation and the peptic ulcer request
      selectionned patients. We think that in emergency the primary aim is the
      treatment of the perforation to save the patient's life. The non operative method
      (Taylor-Quenu) keeps reasonably its place in the treatment of perforated duodenal
      ulcer in spite of critical opinions. This method has not to be used in patients
      who are said inoperable.

PMID- 4026201
TI  - Energy balance study in Singapore medical students.
AB  - Energy cost of rest and various common daily activities was measured in 7 male
      and 16 female medical students by using a Max-Planck respirometer and a Lloyd's
      gas analysis apparatus. The average weight of male and female subjects during the
      course of the study was 67.3 +/- 14.2 and 51.2 +/- 5.1 kg, respectively. The
      average energy expenditure per day was estimated from a diary of activities for a
      period of 7 days. The average daily intake of energy was computed from food
      tables and based on weighed amounts of raw materials of food consumed over the
      same 7-day period when energy expenditure was determined. The average energy
      expenditure of rest and different activities was found to be significantly lower
      than the figures published for western subjects. The daily energy intake and
      expenditure were 2,138 +/- 217 kcal (9.0 +/- 0.9 MJ) and 1,894 +/- 168 kcal (8.0
      +/- 0.7 MJ), respectively, in male medical students, giving a positive balance of
      244 kcal (1.0 MJ). The values of the same in female medical students were 1,711
      +/- 292 kcal (7.2 +/- 1.2 MJ) and 1,474 +/- 211 kcal (6.2 +/- 0.9 MJ) with a
      balance of 237 kcal (1.0 MJ).

PMID- 4026200
TI  - Disturbances of tryptophan metabolism in mice acutely deprived of tryptophan.
AB  - The effect of a dietary tryptophan deficiency on tissue serotonin (5
      hydroxytryptamine) synthesis rates, systemic tryptophan metabolism and its
      response to steroid or cycloheximide treatment was investigated. Brain serotonin
      synthesis was depressed in tryptophan-deprived (TD) mice while duodenal serotonin
      synthesis was enhanced following a tryptophan load. Liver total protein content
      was initially depressed in TD mice but increased following a tryptophan load.
      Blood tryptophan and albumin were depressed in TD mice while the percentage of
      albumin-bound tryptophan significantly increased in TD mice. Serum-free fatty
      acids were not significantly altered. Furthermore, enzyme kinetics studies
      indicated that in TD mice, tryptophan-5-hydroxylase has a reduced Vmax, while the
      Km for both tryptophan and the pteridine cofactor was significantly lowered. The
      tryptophan hydroxylase response to tryptophan or hydrocortisone injection was
      accentuated in TD mice while the tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase response to
      tryptophan or hydrocortisone injection was blunted in TD mice. Finally, injection
      of tryptophan and cycloheximide blocked the tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase response
      while the tryptophan hydroxylase response was unaltered in both control and TD
      diet mice.

PMID- 4026202
TI  - Effect of dietary fats on experimental hypertension.
AB  - In an experiment on 95 Wistar rats weighing 330 g the effect was studied of
      partially hydrogenated marine oil and cod-liver oil as well as sunflowerseed oil
      and animal fat on arterial hypertension induced with administration of 1.5% NaCl
      in drinking water. During 5 weeks the animals received diets containing 37.8
      kcal% derived from the studied fats. After the first week of 1.5% NaCl solution
      administration a significant rise of the systolic blood pressure and heart rate
      was observed in all animals without regard to the fat received by them with the
      diet. The rise of the blood pressure was greatest in the group of rats kept on
      the diet with animal fat, while in the groups of rats receiving diets with
      sunflowerseed oil or marine oils this rise was significantly smaller, especially
      with cod-liver oil. The hypotensive effect of marine oils, particularly cod-liver
      oil, was more pronounced than that of sunflowerseed oil. The hypotensive effect
      of partially hydrogenated fish oil was less pronounced than that of cod-liver
      oil. Our experiments demonstrated a significant effect of the amount of dietary
      fat on the development of experimental hypertension. Greater intake of salt and
      animal fats in human diet may be one of the causes of essential hypertension.

PMID- 4026203
TI  - Effects of iron supplementation on serum ferritin and other hematological indices
      of iron status in menstruating women.
AB  - Serum ferritin, hemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin iron-binding capacity were
      evaluated in 107 healthy female students. 21 women had a serum ferritin of 12
      micrograms/l or less, corresponding to an exhaustion of body iron stores. After 1
      month of iron supplementation, significant increase of hemoglobin concentration
      and decrease of total iron-binding capacity were observed. Mean serum ferritin
      had increased from 24 to 41 micrograms/l, and all women had a serum ferritin
      above 12 micrograms/l. 1 month after the end of the trial, serum ferritin fell
      significantly. This study points out the problem of serum ferritin reference
      values and the definition of normal iron stores in menstruating women.

PMID- 4026205
TI  - Effect of ethanol on liver triglycerides and fatty acid composition in the golden
      Syrian hamster.
AB  - In choice situations, the golden Syrian hamster shows a strong preference to
      drink an ethanol solution to water alone. Because of the known effects of ethanol
      on lipid metabolism, its effects on liver fatty acids were therefore studied in
      the hamster. After a period of 8 weeks during which hamsters had consumed water
      containing 10% ethanol (4 weeks) and then 15% ethanol (4 weeks), the liver was
      significantly increased in weight, an effect which was shown to be due to fat
      accumulation as triglyceride. The fatty acid composition of the liver
      triglycerides and phospholipids was altered such that monounsaturated fatty acids
      were very significantly increased and both n-6 and n-3 essential fatty acids were
      proportionally decreased.

PMID- 4026204
TI  - Effect of supplementing medium chain triglycerides with linoleic acid-rich
      monoglycerides on severely disturbed serum lipid fatty acid patterns in patients
      with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - 7 patients with cystic fibrosis, having serum lipids with fatty acid compositions
      (FACs) skewed in the direction of essential fatty acid deficiency, were given a
      mixture of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) with linoleic acid-rich
      monoglycerides (LAMs) as food fat (about 1-1.25 g/kg body weight/day). Blood was
      sampled before and after a short period (4-11 days) of experimental fat feeding.
      The FACs of the serum triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol esters (CEs) and
      phospholipids (PLs) were determined before and after dietary treatment. Dietary
      treatment resulted in a significant increase of the previously reduced fraction
      of linoleic acid in all lipid classes. In TGs, the increase in the fraction of
      linoleic acid was accompanied by a reduction of the previously increased fraction
      of palmitoleic acid to normal values, by a reduction in the fraction of oleic
      acid to subnormal values and by an increase in the fraction of stearic acid
      which, however, remained normal. In PLs, the increase in the fraction of linoleic
      acid was accompanied by an increase in the fraction of dihomogammalinoleic acid
      which remained normal, however. In CEs, concomitant with the increase of the
      previously reduced linoleic acid fraction, there was a reduction of previously
      elevated palmitoleic and oleic fractions, the latter to a normal value. Thus,
      supplementing a MCT-containing diet with LAMs in cystic fibrosis patients results
      in a considerable amelioration of the previously disturbed FACs of the major
      serum lipid classes.

PMID- 4026206
TI  - [What can be expected of x-ray computed tomography in the assessment of the loco
      regional extension of kidney cancer?].
AB  - The authors assess the role of CT scanning in investigations for the extension of
      renal tumors with the aid of a series of 40 patients. A complete inventory of the
      lesions was obtained in 30 patients who had undergone radical surgery. Capsular
      damage is visualized with a high percentage of uncertainty, and, setting aside a
      few exceptions, it is impossible to specify the histological nature of
      adenomegalies. On the other hand, venous exploration can be performed with
      growing accuracy thanks to series of angioscans. This method of investigation
      would therefore not seem suitable for staging tumors on Robson's scale, but it is
      most useful in selecting surgical tactics in the preoperative assessment of the
      lesions.

PMID- 4026207
TI  - [Microsurgical repair of the vas deferens. Apropos of 115 cases].
AB  - The demand for the reversal of vasectomy in the treatment of sterility has been
      increasing over the past decade. Microsurgery is acknowledged to be the best non
      traumatic procedure for this reconstruction. This article reviews 115 patients
      treated by microvasovasostomy over a period of six years. Evaluation of the
      results shows 76% of patients with a positive seminal analysis, and 52% informed
      the authors that their partners were pregnant. In addition to the technical
      aspects (i.e. the non-traumatic manipulation of tissues using microsurgical
      procedures) the titer of antisperm bodies in the patient's serum and seminal
      plasma seems to play some part in the recovery of fertility.

PMID- 4026208
TI  - [Ureteral endometriosis. Apropos of a bilateral form].
AB  - A case of bilateral ureteral endometriosis is reported. The patient presented, on
      one side, with endometriosis externa, associated with slight renal injury, and,
      on the other, with adenomyosis leading to uretero-ureteral invagination, and an
      associated severe renal impairment. A review of the reported cases and pathogenic
      theories is followed by a discussion of the diagnostic and therapeutic problems
      raised by ureteral endometriosis. The difficulty of establishing a correct
      diagnosis and the risk of damage to renal function often lead to surgical removal
      of the ureteral lesion.

PMID- 4026209
TI  - [Cecocystoplasty. Apropos of 14 cases].
AB  - Cystoplasty is the ideal method of bringing back normal urinary flow after
      cystectomy, and the authors have used this procedure in fourteen cases. The cecum
      is mobIlized with its vascular pedicle. Bowel continuity is readily and safely
      restored with the aid of suturing forceps (TA 55, GIA). The cecum is carefully
      cleaned of all fecal matter. Two UCN join the ureters and the cecum, to which the
      trigone, the cervix vesicae, or the prostatic or membranous urethra is
      anastomosed, depending on the case. Three benign cystopathies, four recurrent
      diffuse papillomatoses and seven vesical carcinomas were treated in this way,
      with excellent results.

PMID- 4026210
TI  - [Topographic anatomy of the caliceal stem: the colonic risk].
AB  - Body-section roentgenograms were taken of seventy five patients examined for non
      urological complaints. These were studied and the axes of the ventral and dorsal
      calices were measure. The axis of the ventral calix passes through the left or
      right colon. The axis of the dorsal calix follows the avascular line and passes
      to the lateral border of the paravertebral muscles, avoiding the left and right
      colon. These anatomical data confirm that the dorsal calix is the route of choice
      in the percutaneous approach to the kidney.

PMID- 4026211
TI  - [Analysis of 278 sphincterotomies of the urethral stria in 232 male patients].
AB  - The authors report 278 external sphincterotomies performed on 232 male
      neurological patients, presenting with specific etiologies requiring surgery:
      vesico-ureteral reflux (33.6%), ureterohydronephrosis (18.9%), and spontaneous
      hyperreflexia (7.4%). The level of the spinal cord injury was superior to T8 in
      32.3% of cases (double the corresponding figure for paraplegic patients) and
      inferior to L1 in 31.2% (25% more than for paraplegics). Short-term results are
      good in 70% of cases, in terms of dysuria and infection. Iterative sphincterotomy
      is required in 19.8% of cases, and surgery of the neck of the bladder is required
      in 34.8%. In the medium term, 83.7% of the good results show an improvement.
      Continence is achieved in 14.4%, and 12.2% of the patients are incontinent. The
      mortality rate was 1%, and 10% of the patients suffered from postoperative
      hemorrhage. Long-term results show 3.2% of secondary impotence, and 10% of
      patients requiring urinary diversion.

PMID- 4026212
TI  - [Cancer of the prostate revealed by hemospermia in a young man].
AB  - The authors report a case of prostatic cancer in a 50-year-old patient, for which
      the sole clinical manifestation was recurrent hemospermia. There was an undoubted
      connection, in this case, between the hemospermia and the cancer, which is rare.
      The treatment was endoscopic associated with cobalt therapy. The follow-up is
      four years.

PMID- 4026213
TI  - [Urinary incontinence following prostatectomy. Results of cervico-urethral plasty
      using Tanagho's tubular vesical flap].
AB  - Seven patients suffering from urinary incontinence after prostatectomy were
      treated by cervico-urethral plasty with a tubular vesical flap. Results were good
      or very good in four cases, and fairly good in one. There were two setbacks. The
      procedure should be reserved to patients not afflicted with vesical instability,
      cervico-urethral obstruction or fibrosis of the anterior surface of the bladder.
      Patients suffering from the last two conditions require an artificial sphincter
      after removal of the obstructive lesions.

PMID- 4026214
TI  - [Cancer of the bladder. Importance of the assessment of lymph node involvement in
      the selection of therapy].

PMID- 4026215
TI  - [Vascular access lines: use of biologic grafts].
AB  - To ensure vascular access, a biological graft was inserted in 44 patients from
      August 1982 to February 1985 at the Department of Urology, Pitie Hospital, Paris.
      Forty-nine grafts were used, including 39 saphenous veins and 10 carotid arteries
      from calves. Four patients free of renal failure had insertion of a graft to
      allow chemotherapy (3 cases) or plasmapheresis (1 case). Graft patency rate in
      these four patients is 50%. Among the 40 patients with renal failure, 11 have not
      yet had dialysis, 26 are currently under dialysis, 2 have been lost to follow up,
      and 1 died before dialysis. All but one of the patients with renal failure not
      treated by dialysis have a patent graft. Graft patency rate after one year in the
      26 patients under dialysis is 83% for non-reoperated patients and 91% for
      reoperated and non-reoperated patients as a group. As concerns complications, an
      interesting fact is that thrombosis of the graft usually required graft
      replacement, whereas most delayed stenoses were treated by surgery with
      preservation of the graft. No case of infection or aneurysm was recorded
      throughout follow up. These results pertain chiefly to saphenous vein grafts as
      use of carotid arteries from calves is recent. In view of the 95% immediate graft
      patency rate and of the satisfactory results at one year in these patients
      usually selected because of the poor condition of accessible arteries and veins,
      we believe biologic grafts constitute an outstanding material in vascular access
      surgery for hemodialysis.

PMID- 4026216
TI  - [Urethroplasty in severe hypospadias. Description and evaluation of a one-stage
      technic used in 54 cases].
AB  - From July 1980 to November 1982, 54 cases with severe hypospadias underwent one
      stage urethroplasty at the urology departments of the Ain Shams University
      Hospital and Dar El-Shefa Hospital. Their age ranged between 9 months and 19
      years. The original urethral meatus was located at mid penile in 40 occasions,
      peno-scrotal in 12 and perineal in only two cases. The technique used for
      urethroplasty was a combination of that of Duckett (transverse preputial island
      flap) for the creation of the urethral tube, and Devine's glandular flaps to
      bring the urethral meatus to the tip of the glans. The rate of complications was
      very low, only two cases developed fistula (3.7%). None of the cases developed
      kinks or strictures of the neo-urethral tube.

PMID- 4026217
TI  - [Hydraulic penile prostheses in the surgery of impotence. Our experience in 20
      cases with a 2-year follow-up].
AB  - The authors report their experience of the implantation of inflatable penile
      prostheses in the surgical management of impotence. They have implanted twenty
      prostheses with a followup of two years to three months. The overall results are
      very satisfactory in terms of the quality of the sexual life of the couple (85%).
      On the other hand, the postoperative morbidity rate is high, with 40% of
      complications including 20% requiring reoperation.

PMID- 4026218
TI  - [Pelvic hematomas of prostatic origin].
AB  - Two cases of pelvic hematoma following prostatic biopsy and prostatic massage are
      reported. They are rare complications of very common urological acts. The
      diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these complications are discussed.

PMID- 4026219
TI  - [Vulvar cysts disclosed in a neonate. Apropos of 6 cases].
AB  - The authors report six cases of vulvar cysts in female neonates. Careful
      examination of the vulva normally leads to correct diagnosis of this rare lesion,
      but a few additional examinations may be helpful. Simple puncture without
      anesthesia is generally sufficient for a successful treatment of this benign and
      isolated tumor. The authors go on to discuss the embryological, histological and
      histochemical aspects, and review the literature.

PMID- 4026220
TI  - [Use of the great epiploon in the treatment of complex vesico- and urethro
      vaginal fistulae].
AB  - The omentum was used in the treatment of seven patients presenting with complex
      vesicovaginal fistulae, and three patients with urethrovaginal fistulae. The
      operation was immediately successful in all cases. The three patients with
      urethrovaginal fistulae subsequently suffered from stress incontinence, which was
      treated by a sling operation three months later.

PMID- 4026221
TI  - [Perioperative ureteroscopy].
AB  - Is endoscopy of any use for ureteral exploration during open surgery of the upper
      urinary tract? This article sets out to answer the question with the aid of three
      cases, and discusses the indications in the light of current developments in
      transurethral and translumbar ureteroscopy.

PMID- 4026222
TI  - [Continuous peridural morphine analgesia in refractory pain in urology].
AB  - Peridural catheterization connected to a sub-cutaneous morphine reservoir can
      provide an effective and prolonged analgesia for certain pelvic pains of a
      urological origin which resist the usual sedative therapies. The authors describe
      the method of catheterization and the results which they have obtained in five
      patients treated in this way.

PMID- 4026223
TI  - [Cancer of the colon following ureterosigmoidostomy or following bladder
      enlargement using a colonic graft].
AB  - The role of carcinogenic factors following urinary diversion are here studied on
      the basis of three very different cases. In the first, an adenocarcinoma
      developed at the site of a ureterocolic anastomosis thirty one years after
      Coffey's operation for bladder exstrophy. In the second, the tumor had developed,
      31 years after uretero-sigmoidostomy, for ureteral trauma. The anastomosis had
      moreover ceased to function ten years previously. In the third case, the patient
      had undergone a right nephrectomy for urinary tuberculosis and a colocystoplasty
      to enlarge the bladder with re-implantation of the left ureter in the graft.
      Twenty one years later, an adenocarcinoma developed at the site of the
      anastomosis between the colonic graft and the bladder. This was an exceptional
      case (possibly the first) of a cryptal tumor developing out of contact with
      material. It thus runs counter to the alleged role of facies in the development
      of adenocarcinomas following urinary diversion.

PMID- 4026224
TI  - Human telencephalic angiogenesis.
AB  - We provide new observations regarding the histogenesis and regional development
      of the human telencephalic microvasculature during the last half of gestation.
      Endothelium-lined trunks extending from pia to the subventricular plexus, evident
      early in gestation, persist during the last half of gestation. The courses of
      these trunks are modified and become complex as the bulk of the telencephalon,
      striatum, and thalamus increases and as gyri grow. New cerebral tissue is
      supplied by increasing numbers of shorter penetrating vessels. All extrastriatal
      vessels have many lateral right- and acute-angle branches that join nearby trunks
      and shorter vessels. Striatal vessel branches predominantly have acute angles.
      Most extrastriatal channels remain devoid of apparent muscularis until the final
      weeks of gestation. In contrast, striatal arteries begin to muscularize at about
      24 weeks of gestation. Muscularization appears to occur in a centripetal
      direction and is apparent in the caudate at approximately 30 weeks' gestation. We
      did not identify transventricular, paraventricular, or recurrent arteries ending
      in deep white matter.

PMID- 4026225
TI  - The critical role of Wernicke's area in sentence repetition.
AB  - The anatomical correlates of persistent deficits in sentence repetition were
      studied in a group of 32 right-handed patients with fluent aphasia caused by left
      hemisphere ischemic stroke. Patients whose ability to repeat remained impaired by
      6 months after onset almost without exception had damage to Wernicke's area.
      Furthermore, all patients with damage to Wernicke's area had impaired repetition
      6 months after onset. The most consistent lesion correlating with chronic
      impairment of repetition, therefore, was one destroying parts or all of
      Wernicke's area. Lesions outside of this area typically resulted in milder
      impairment of repetition that resolved within a few months. Only 5 patients had
      no repetition impairment when tested early (1 month after onset). These patients
      all had lesions anterior to the rolandic fissure, some including Broca's area.

PMID- 4026226
TI  - Nucleus tractus solitarius lesions elevate pulmonary arterial pressure and lymph
      flow.
AB  - The effects of lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) on pulmonary
      vascular pressure and pulmonary lymph flow were investigated in 6 halothane
      anesthetized sheep. After lesions of the NTS were created using bilateral
      thermocoagulation, pulmonary artery pressure rose to 150% of baseline and
      remained elevated for the 3-hour duration of the experiment. Systemic and left
      atrial pressures did not change. Pulmonary lymph flow doubled within 2 hours; the
      lymph-plasma protein ratio was unchanged from baseline. Sham NTS lesions and
      lesions lateral to NTS produced no changes. These experiments demonstrate that
      lesions of the central nervous system can alter pulmonary vascular pressures and
      transcapillary fluid flux independently of effects upon the systemic circulation.
      These findings may have relevance for the understanding of neurogenic pulmonary
      edema in humans.

PMID- 4026227
TI  - Postoperative contrast enhancement in patients with brain tumor.
AB  - Contrast enhancement resulting from surgical trauma may mimic residual enhancing
      tumor, thereby complicating the interpretation of postoperative computed
      tomographic scans. We assessed the natural history of postoperative enhancement
      in 10 patients with brain tumor. Contrast enhancement distinguishable from
      residual enhancing tumor appeared along the operative margin following tumor
      resections but not lobectomies. Enhancement appeared as early as the fifth
      postoperative day, was most intense at two weeks, and persisted for several
      months. Prior to the fifth postoperative day, enhancement reflected residual
      tumor. Edema and artifacts were more prominent on the first and second
      postoperative days than on the third and fourth. We recommend that postoperative
      computed tomographic scans to assess residual enhancing tumor be performed on the
      third or fourth postoperative day. This timing avoids postoperative enhancement
      and minimizes interpretative difficulties caused by artifacts.

PMID- 4026228
TI  - Nucleus raphe dorsalis in Alzheimer's disease: neurofibrillary tangles and loss
      of large neurons.
AB  - Diffuse serotonergic fibers are presumed to project to the telencephalon from the
      nucleus raphe dorsalis (NRD) of the midbrain, in a manner similar to the
      cholinergic projections from the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) to the cerebral
      cortex. Neuropathological changes in both of these nuclei have been reported in
      Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although many morphometric studies of the nbM in AD
      have been documented, only one such study of the NRD has been conducted so far;
      it demonstrated a sixfold increase in neurofibrillary tangles in AD but no
      statistically significant difference in the number of neurons in patients with AD
      and age-matched controls. A study of the NRD utilizing different stains and wider
      anatomical boundaries is detailed in this report of 5 patients with AD and 7 age
      matched controls. In AD the NRD showed 39 times more neurofibrillary tangles and
      the number and cell density of large neurons were reduced to 23% and 28%,
      respectively, of those in the controls. A small number of senile plaques were
      found in the NRD in all patients with AD but none were found in the controls.

PMID- 4026229
TI  - The influence of preexisting oscillations on the binocular optokinetic response.
AB  - Full-field binocular optokinetic responses were examined in patients with
      congenital nystagmus. If the stimulus moved in the same plane as the congenital
      nystagmus, a gaze-modulated response was recorded for both idiopathic and albino
      observers. When the congenital nystagmus was almost totally suppressed, neither a
      gaze-evoked nor a sawtooth response was seen. For stimulus movements in a plane
      orthogonal to the congenital nystagmus, normal sawtooth optokinetic responses
      were exhibited by both groups. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that
      the optokinetic response in the meridian of the spontaneous oscillation has been
      adapted.

PMID- 4026230
TI  - Leptomeningeal metastases: peripheral nerve and root involvement--clinical and
      electrophysiological study.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with recently diagnosed leptomeningeal metastases underwent
      a prospective clinical and electro-physiological study to assess the mode and
      extent of peripheral nerve and spinal root involvement. Motor conduction
      velocities and F wave latencies in the legs were found frequently to be disturbed
      compared with normal subjects and a control group of cancer patients. F wave
      changes were the most sensitive indicator of root involvement.
      Electrophysiological abnormalities were detected in 20 patients, compared with 15
      who had abnormal clinical signs suggesting peripheral nerve dysfunction.
      Electrophysiological studies can be useful in the evaluation of patients with
      suspected leptomeningeal metastases, and repeated recording of F wave latencies
      may serve to indicate root recovery in a clinically stable patient.

PMID- 4026231
TI  - Balo's concentric sclerosis: new observations on lesion development.
AB  - A 54-year-old woman with a four-month history of progressive neurological illness
      was found at postmortem examination to have lesions of Balo's concentric
      sclerosis. Balo lesions were found in several areas scattered widely throughout
      the central nervous system, including the spinal cord, a previously unreported
      location, and were studied by histological and ultrastructural methods. Balo
      lesions consisted of bands of intact myelin alternating with zones of
      demyelination. These lesions were centered on a perivascular cuff of inflammatory
      cells. The center of the lesion was the oldest area with the concentric rings of
      demyelination decreasing in age with increasing distance from the center. The
      bands of intact myelin comprised mainly remyelinated fibers, were similar to
      those seen at the edges of chronic active multiple sclerosis plaques, and may
      have represented the repaired margins of preceding episodes. The occurrence of
      small foci of acute demyelination centered on perivascular cuffs and other
      changes typical of both acute and chronic active multiple sclerosis may indicate
      that the lesion of Balo's concentric sclerosis represents an intermediate stage
      in the development of an established multiple sclerosis lesion.

PMID- 4026232
TI  - Information processing speed in Friedreich's ataxia.
AB  - Three patients with Friedreich's ataxia and six controls matched by age and
      vocabulary and information scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
      Revised were administered a measure of short-term memory scanning. Patients with
      Friedreich's ataxia demonstrated a deficit in information processing speed in the
      relative absence of impairment in attention, memory, language, judgment,
      reasoning, and other cognitive functions. The short-term memory scanning
      procedure may be useful in documenting cognitive slowing and in distinguishing
      this impairment from the motor abnormality often associated with a subcortical
      brain disorder.

PMID- 4026233
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygenation does not improve multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4026234
TI  - Transverse myelopathy in progressive systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 4026235
TI  - Encephalopathy associated with baclofen.

PMID- 4026236
TI  - CT evaluation in patients after first seizure.

PMID- 4026237
TI  - Lithium-induced visual hallucinations: evidence for possible opioid mediation.

PMID- 4026238
TI  - Hemiplegic migraine and progressive hemifacial atrophy.

PMID- 4026239
TI  - Increased head circumference in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 4026240
TI  - Multi-dimensional complexes of skull traits.
AB  - The simultaneous incidence of sutural bones was studied by a multidimensional
      analysis (Wanke method). On a medieval sample of 249 male and female skulls from
      Lower Austria the presence of two main complexes of sutural and fontanelle bones
      was observed. The interaction of possible genetic factors and developmental
      growth incongruences in causing these phenomena are discussed. The necessity of
      further studies considering such basic biological aspects with minor skeletal
      traits is stressed.

PMID- 4026242
TI  - Palmar creases in Spaniards.
AB  - In a sample of Spanish people (403 males and 513 females) the palmar creases have
      been studied according to the method of Bali & Chaube (1971). Bimanual
      differences are not statistically significant, but there is a sexual dimorphism.
      Comparing the incidence of the open M type defined by Tillner there are no
      statistical differences as compared with male German series, though they are seen
      in female series. It is observed that the frequency of the simian crease is in
      accordance with the variability of European populations.

PMID- 4026241
TI  - Anthropometric study of male external genitalia of 320 healthy Nigerian adults.
AB  - Five basic measurements of the male external genitalia were studied in 320
      healthy male medical students belonging to the various parts of Nigeria (West
      Africa). Their ages range from 17 to 23 years. The measurements were as follows:
      average length of the penis (81.6 +/- 0.94 mm); circumference of the penis (88.3
      +/- 0.02 mm); circumference of the scrotum (212.6 +/- 2.48 mm); length of right
      testis (46.8 +/- 0.54 mm); width of right testis (32.4 +/- 0.37 mm); length of
      left testis (46.0 +/- 0.53 mm); and width of left testis (31.4 +/- 0.36 mm). The
      size of the genitalia increases with the increase in age in younger year groups.
      The adult stages of genitalia development are reached at the age of 21 years in
      89.0% of the individuals. The growth of the genitalia is continued with the
      increasing height and weight, but this growth slows down after attaining a
      definite height and weight.

PMID- 4026243
TI  - [Experimental study of vibration agitation in antibiotic biosynthetic processes
      in laboratory apparatus].
AB  - The use of vibroagitation in biosynthesis of antibiotics was shown to be in
      principle possible. The results of the experiments in 3-liter apparatus equipped
      with devices for vibroagitation and turbine mixers are presented.

PMID- 4026245
TI  - [Hydrodynamic study of a centrifugal differential-contact extractor].
AB  - Centrifugal extractors of the differential-contact type are widely used all over
      the world in production of antibiotics. Lately, new extractors were developed by
      Hitachi (Japan). Model E is of a special interest. In the present study the
      values of the working zone of the Hitachi extractor, EP-02 Ultrex were determined
      by the pressure levels and the effect of the main parameters characterizing the
      apparatus hydrodynamic conditions on the minimum and maximum critical pressure
      was estimated. The results of the study provide wide variation of the
      hydrodynamic parameters in determination of the most rational extraction
      conditions.

PMID- 4026244
TI  - [Regulation of heliomycin biosynthesis by the carbon source].
AB  - The effect of different carbon sources on the biosynthesis of heliomycin by
      Streptomyces olivocinereus 11-98 was studied. Inverse relationship between the
      culture growth rate and the biosynthesis of heliomycin in the media with
      different sugars was shown. Arabinose and glucose provided the highest culture
      growth rate, while the levels of the antibiotic biosynthesis were the lowest.
      With the use of lactose the culture growth rate was the lowest and the antibiotic
      biosynthesis level was the highest. The level of the antibiotic biosynthesis was
      determined not only by the culture growth rate but also by the nature of the
      carbon source. With the use of glucose repression of heliomycin biosynthesis was
      much lower than that with the use of arabinose, while the culture growth rates
      were similar. Addition of glucose to the medium with lactose resulted in
      increasing of the antibiotic biosynthesis as long as the glucose concentration in
      the medium increased. Glycerol proved to be the most favourable carbon source for
      the biosynthesis of heliomycin. It also provided a comparatively high rate of the
      culture growth. Arabinose inhibited the antibiotic synthesis in the medium with
      glycerol and the inhibition level rose with an increase in the arabinose
      concentration. It is suggested that regulation of heliomycin biosynthesis is of
      the "glucose effect" type.

PMID- 4026246
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of several noninstrumental methods of determining fats in
      the fermentation media in manufacturing antibiotics].
AB  - The use of instrumental analysis (IR spectrometry, high performance liquid
      chromatography) for determination of fats in the nutrient media and fermentation
      broths in antibiotic production is not efficient. 7 noninstrumental methods for
      determination of fats in the fermentation broths of some fat-soluble polyester
      antibiotics were compared. The first method includes extraction of the
      fermentation broth with different agents, gravimetric estimation, measuring of
      the saponification number and refraction coefficient and thin-layer
      chromatography. It was shown that determination of the saponification number
      after extraction with alkanes or diethyl ether provided reliable results. Thin
      layer chromatography can be used as a rapid method.

PMID- 4026247
TI  - [Immunochemical study of blastolysin].
AB  - The immunochemical properties of blastolysin (BL), a preparation obtained from
      the cell walls of Lactobacillus bulgaricus with immunostimulating and antitumor
      activity were studied. The experiments on dogs and rabbits showed that the
      immunogenic effect of BL was not high. However, after parenteral administration
      to the dogs and rabbits it induced production of the specific antibodies detected
      with the Ouchterlony test of direct hemagglutination and immunodiffusion. This
      should be taken into account in development of the schemes for its use as a
      pharmacological agent. With the procedures of gel filtration on the columns with
      Sephadex G-75 and immunodiffusion the fraction composition of BL was determined
      and the use of the immunochemical procedures for standardization of the BL
      preparations was shown to be possible.

PMID- 4026248
TI  - [Molecular mechanism of oxacillin interaction with human serum albumin studied by
      microcalorimetry].
AB  - Interaction of oxacillin, a semisynthetic penicillin, with human serum albumin
      (HSA) was studied by means of reaction isothermal and differential scanning
      microcalorimetry. The antibiotic bound with one primary and two secondary active
      protein sites. The first bound molecule of the drug had a significant effect on
      conformation of the biopolymer, which was evident from increased enthalpy and
      denaturation temperature of the complex as compared to pure HSA. However, the
      increased thermostability of the serum albumin on its association with oxacillin
      did not impair the cooperative nature of the thermal denaturation of globular
      protein. Analysis of the thermodynamic parameters of the complex formation
      suggested the presence of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The role of
      electrostatic interaction increased with a decrease in the solution ionic
      strength.

PMID- 4026249
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the myelotoxic action of rubomycin, adriamycin and
      carminomycin by their delayed effects in an experiment].
AB  - The experiments were performed on intact noninbred rats and BALB/c mice with the
      use of different models of the hemopoiesis compensatory-functional tension and
      the morphofunctional methods. It was shown that at the period of complete
      recovery of the morphological composition of the peripheral blood 30 days after
      discontinuation of the 10-day course of daily administration of rubomycin,
      adriamycin and carminomycin in equivalent doses (1/10 of the LD50) pronounced
      inhibition of hemopoiesis was preserved in the animals. This could not be
      detected with the routine methods used for investigation of the cell homeostasis
      and was evident from limited compensatory reactions of granulocytopoiesis and
      erythropoiesis under conditions of additional action on hemopoiesis.

PMID- 4026250
TI  - [Inactivation of the inductor virus (Newcastle disease virus) during the
      isolation of porcine leukocyte interferon].
AB  - The use of the routine method for inactivation of the inductor virus by
      acidification of interferon to pH 2.0 resulted in a significant decrease in the
      antiviral activity of pig leukocytic interferon, since the preparation was highly
      sensitive to changes in the pH values. The use of 0.1 per cent solution of
      formalin provided complete inactivation of the virus. The antiviral activity of
      interferon treated with formalin was on an average 5 times higher than that of
      the preparation incubated at pH 2.5-2.6. Precipitation of pig interferon with
      polyethylene glycol promoted both increasing of the titers of the antiviral
      activity of the preparation and elimination of the formalin residues from it.
      Interferon prepared with this procedure was not toxic in tissue cultures, had no
      side effects when applied to the eye mucosa and was absolutely harmless when
      administered to animals. It was shown that inactivation of the inductor virus
      with formalin was in principle possible in human leukocytic interferon.

PMID- 4026251
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of the new antitumor antibiotic reumycin in an experiment: the
      prediction of the human pharmacokinetic profiles].
AB  - The reumycin pharmacokinetics was studied with HPLC on Wistar rats after
      intravenous injection of the antibiotic in single doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg
      and after its oral administration in single doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. It was shown
      that the reumycin pharmacokinetics within the above dose ranges was nonlinear and
      within every dose could be described by a two-compartmental model. Its nonlinear
      nature might be associated with saturated binding of the antibiotic by the blood
      serum proteins. The absolute extent of the reumycin bioavailability after oral
      administration was 50 per cent. The variability of the reumycin cumulative renal
      excretion was due to bimodality of distribution of the parameter in the animals.
      Renal excretion of the intact antibiotic decreased from 35 to 20 per cent with
      increasing of the dose. The value of the reumycin half-life in humans was
      predicted (41-46 hours) with the pharmacokinetic animal scale-up.

PMID- 4026252
TI  - [The reactions of aminoglycoside antibiotic interaction with organic reagents].

PMID- 4026253
TI  - [Characteristics of the process of regulated biosynthesis of oxytetracycline].
AB  - Investigation of the process of oxytetracycline biosynthesis in a model medium
      showed that addition of maltose during the phase of antibiotic biosynthesis
      resulted in an increase in the rate of the culture growth, prolongation of the
      antibiotic production phase and increased productivity of the mycelium. The
      productive mycelium was characterized by a higher content of total nitrogen and
      phosphorus.

PMID- 4026254
TI  - [Effect of levorin and its combination with a modifying factor on the fatty acid
      composition of Crithidia oncopelti lipids].
AB  - It was shown by us earlier that the sensitivity of Crithidia oncopelti to
      levorin, a polyene antibiotic, increased in the presence of sodium acetate as a
      modifying factor. A simultaneous change in the ratio of C. oncopelti structural
      lipids was also observed. The present paper deals with investigation of the
      effect of levorin and its combination with the modifying factor on the fatty acid
      composition of C. oncopelti lipids. The study showed that addition of sodium
      acetate in a concentration of 40 mg/ml to the medium for cultivation of C.
      oncopelti resulted in an increase in the total level of fatty acid unsaturation
      at the expense of a significant increase in the content of linoleic acid and
      polyunsaturated acids. The content of monoene fatty acids simultaneously
      decreased. In a concentration of 1 microgram/ml levorin had no effect on the
      growth of C. oncopelti and did not practically change the relative content of its
      fatty acids. Combined addition of levorin (1 microgram/ml) and sodium acetate (40
      mg/ml) to the medium resulted in inhibition of the culture growth by 60-80 per
      cent and a marked increase in the total content of saturated acids with a
      decrease in the level of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated acids. The
      trypanostatic concentration of levorin (10 micrograms/ml) had the same effect and
      also lowered the total level of unsaturated fatty acids of C. oncopelti.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026255
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of sisomicin during hemosorption and hemodialysis].
AB  - The effect of hemosorption and hemodialysis on the pharmacokinetics of sisomicin
      was studied in 17 patients with acute and chronic renal insufficiency. The value
      of the antibiotic extraction coefficient in hemosorption was almost 2 times
      higher than that in hemodialysis. In patients on hemosorption, extracorporeal
      elimination of the antibiotic was of the saturation nature. It was characterized
      by systematic diminishing of the extraction coefficient, while in patients on
      hemodialysis, it did not depend on the time (the value of the extraction
      coefficient was constant). In this connection it is recommended that the rate of
      diminishing of the extraction coefficient in hemosorption be estimated. Since
      sisomicin is rapidly absorbed by the column it is not advisable to administer
      sisomicin to patients before hemosorption.

PMID- 4026256
TI  - [Experimental study of the pharmacological properties of amikacin].
AB  - The general toxic and organotropic properties of amikacin were studied in acute
      and chronic experiments. The antibiotic was administered to the experimental
      animals in the doses equivalent to the therapeutic ones for humans or exceeding
      them 2-3 times. No unfavourable effect of amikacin in the above doses on hearing
      was observed. A certain increase in the level of urea nitrogen in the blood serum
      and leukopenia were registered only after administration of the highest drug dose
      exceeding 2 times the equivalent treatment dose of amikacin for humans (15 g).
      After the use of this dose separate microfocal necrotic lesions were detected
      morphologically in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. The lesions were of a
      transitory nature. It is concluded that amikacin has a wide range of therapeutic
      doses and the level of its safety is rather high.

PMID- 4026257
TI  - [Experimental multifactorial study of the effect of doxycycline and
      glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide on the primary immunologic response to antigens of
      a tularemia vaccine strain].
AB  - The effect of the combined use of doxycycline and glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide
      (GMDP) on the primary immune response to antigens of tularemia vaccine was
      studied on CBA male mice with the use of the multifactorial design of experiment.
      Antibodies to the blood serum of the immunized animals were determined by the
      passive hemagglutination test with the use of the tularemia antigen diagnosticum.
      The delayed type hypersensitivity was estimated by changes in the weight of the
      extremities of the experimental and control animals treated with the antigen and
      saline solution, respectively. The multifactorial experiments provided precise
      quantitative characteristics of the optimal dose-time schedule for the combined
      use of GMDP and doxycycline.

PMID- 4026259
TI  - [Antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from urine in exacerbations of
      chronic pyelonephritis].

PMID- 4026258
TI  - [Possibility of increasing the efficacy of antibiotic therapy of erysipelas using
      combinations of methyluracil with prodigiozan].
AB  - Two hundred and six patients with erysipelas were examined. Of these, 100
      patients were subjected to the routine therapy and 106 were additionally treated
      with methyluracil and prodigiosan. It was noted that the use of methyluracil and
      prodigiosan in the combined treatment of erysipelas promoted an increase in the
      efficacy of the antibiotic therapy owing to acceleration of the local
      inflammation regression and the favourable effect of the treatment on the cell
      immunity.

PMID- 4026260
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in patients with chronic renal insufficiency
      during hemodialysis and hemosorption].
AB  - It was shown that when the filtration capacity of the kidneys was lowered even
      insignificantly (the creatinine clearance 50-80 ml/min), the maximum blood levels
      of ampicillin increased 2 times and its retention time was prolonged. At the
      terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency the half-life of the drug and the
      area under the pharmacokinetic curve markedly increased and the plasma clearance
      decreased. Hemodialysis and hemosorption significantly lowered the ampicillin
      half-life. The ampicillin coefficient in hemosorption was 2 times higher than
      that in hemodialysis.

PMID- 4026261
TI  - [Use of ampicillin in treating inflammatory diseases of the bile ducts].

PMID- 4026262
TI  - Inducible phenotypic multidrug resistance in the fungus Mucor racemosus.
AB  - The dimorphic fungus Mucor racemosus exhibited a single-step, inducible
      resistance to cycloheximide, trichodermin, and amphotericin B. Cells adapted to
      inhibitory levels of the antibiotics after 12 to 40 h. The adaptation involved
      all the cells in the population and was not the result of the selection of
      resistant mutants. Adaptation to one drug provided cross resistance to other,
      dissimilar drugs. Resistance was lost within several generations of growth in the
      absence of the inhibitors.

PMID- 4026263
TI  - Attenuation of experimental tobramycin nephrotoxicity by ticarcillin.
AB  - It is well known that in vitro the combination of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, or
      other antipseudomonal penicillins with gentamicin, tobramycin, or other
      aminoglycoside antibiotics results in the inactivation of the antibacterial
      activity of the aminoglycoside. To assess the influence of the in vivo
      interaction of tobramycin and ticarcillin on experimental nephrotoxicity, male
      Fischer 344 rats were given either tobramycin alone (120 mg/kg per day),
      tobramycin (120 mg/kg per day) and ticarcillin (250 mg/kg per day) concomitantly,
      or the combination of these drugs at the same doses that had been preincubated
      for 24 h and at the time of delivery contained but 63 and 25%, respectively, of
      the initial concentrations of tobramycin and ticarcillin as measured by
      conventional analytical procedures. Initial experiments were conducted to
      determine the concentrations of the antibiotics in serum achieved after
      administration of each test solution. After a single dose of the test solution,
      ticarcillin concentrations in serum were higher and more prolonged in rats given
      tobramycin plus ticarcillin than in rats given ticarcillin alone. After 7 days of
      exposure to the test solutions, inulin clearance in animals given tobramycin
      alone was 0.15 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- 2 standard errors) ml/min per 100 g of body
      weight as compared with 0.53 +/- 0.1 in rats given tobramycin and ticarcillin
      concomitantly, 0.59 +/- 0.1 in animals given the partially inactivated tobramycin
      ticarcillin mixture, and 0.79 +/- 0.1 in control rats. Although there was some
      improvement in inulin clearance in the group containing tobramycin alone, the
      three treatment groups maintained the same rank relationship in inulin clearance
      through 14 days of treatment. Real histology confirmed the attenuation of tubular
      injury in animals given tobramycin and ticarcillin concomitantly. There was no
      evidence of toxicity from the presumed inactivation complexes of tobramycin
      ticarcillin. These results document an in vivo protective effect of ticarcillin
      on experimental tobramycin nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4026264
TI  - Enhanced efficacy of liposome-encapsulated ribavirin against Rift Valley fever
      virus infection in mice.
AB  - Administration of liposome-encapsulated ribavirin to mice led to ribavirin
      concentrations in the liver, the primary site of Rift Valley fever virus
      proliferation, that were fivefold greater than those attained with the same doses
      of free ribavirin. Liposomal ribavirin given at a dose of either 25 or 50 mg of
      drug per kg of body weight protected mice against a rapidly lethal high-titer
      challenge with Rift Valley fever virus, whereas similar doses of free drug or
      empty liposomes had no detectable benefit. Hence, tissue targeting of ribavirin
      with liposomes substantially increased the therapeutic index by increasing the
      efficacy of the treatment. By using liposomes as drug carriers, a nontoxic, low
      dose regimen of ribavirin had a therapeutic effect that was comparable to that
      achieved with higher but potentially more toxic doses of free ribavirin.

PMID- 4026265
TI  - Concentrations of fusidic acid, cloxacillin, and cefamandole in sera and atrial
      appendages of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
AB  - The concentrations of cefamandole, cloxacillin and fusicid acid were measured in
      the serum and heart tissue of 100 recipients of these drugs before cardiac
      surgery. During cardiopulmonary bypass, mean (+/- standard deviation) peak
      concentrations in serum of all patients were 63.0 +/- 34.0 micrograms of
      cefamandole per ml, 30.8 +/- 17.7 micrograms of cloxacillin per ml, and 32.4 +/-
      10.8 micrograms of fusidic acid per ml. Mean (+/- standard deviation)
      concentrations in atrial appendages taken 1 h (+/- 15 min) after infusion were
      21.3 +/- 11.0 micrograms of cefamandole per g, 23.8 +/- 17.3 micrograms of
      cloxacillin per g, and 10.7 +/- 4.2 micrograms of fusidic acid per g. No
      cloxacillin could be detected in 5 of 39 heart specimens. Mean tissue-to-serum
      ratios at 1 h for cefamandole, cloxacillin, and fusidic acid were respectively
      0.35, 0.73, and 0.33. Fusidic acid, a drug which is highly effective in vitro
      against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus
      epidermidis, was detectable in heart tissue in concentrations which were 12 times
      higher than the MICs of this agent against these resistant microorganisms.

PMID- 4026266
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and R plasmid-mediated resistance of the
      fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri.
AB  - Fifty strains of Yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric redmouth
      disease of salmonid fish, were tested for susceptibility to 23 antimicrobial
      agents by using an agar dilution procedure. The MICs were generally uniform for
      all serological varieties. Two of the 50 strains carried a 36-megadalton plasmid
      which determined resistance to tetracyclines and sulfonamides and was
      transferable to both Escherichia coli and Y. ruckeri recipients. The serovars did
      differ in their response to polymyxin B. Strains of serovars II, III, and V were
      highly resistant (MICs of 128 to 512 micrograms/ml), whereas most serovar I
      strains were susceptible to less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml. Of 33
      serovar I strains, 6 were highly resistant to polymyxin B, which is a
      characteristic that may divide serovar I (Hagerman) strains into two distinct
      subgroups.

PMID- 4026267
TI  - Inhibition of Chlamydia trachomatis growth in McCoy, HeLa, and human prostate
      cells by zinc.
AB  - Zinc salts (10(-4) and 10(-5) M) inhibited the number of Chlamydia trachomatis
      inclusions in McCoy, HeLa, and primary human prostate epithelial cell cultures.
      Addition of zinc salts 1 h before or 24 h after inoculation with C. trachomatis
      was found to inhibit growth. Both C. trachomatis serotype D and a lymphogranuloma
      venereum strain were inhibited by the zinc salts. Although the mechanism of
      inhibition is not known, the continued presence of the zinc appeared necessary
      for maximal effect. At the concentrations tested, zinc was not directly toxic to
      the McCoy cells. These results suggest that the levels of zinc in prostatic
      secretions may be sufficient to preclude the recovery of chlamydia in the
      diagnostic laboratory or to inhibit chlamydia from infecting the prostate in
      vivo.

PMID- 4026268
TI  - In vitro activity of cefbuperazone and other antimicrobial agents against
      isolates from the female genital tract.
AB  - Cefbuperazone (BMY 25182), a new cephamycin, showed activity similar to those of
      moxalactam and other cephalosporin-cephamycins against aerobic and anaerobic
      bacteria from female genital tract infections. MICs of the antimicrobial agents
      were less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml for greater than 97% of organisms
      tested. All of the anaerobic bacteria tested were susceptible to clindamycin,
      metronidazole, and chloramphenicol.

PMID- 4026269
TI  - Activity of a peptidyl prodrug, alafosfalin, against anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - Alafosfalin, an antibacterial phosphonodipeptide requiring peptide transport for
      activity, was tested for activity against clinical strains of anaerobic bacteria
      in peptide-free Roche Sensitivity Test Medium no. 5 agar. It was active against
      Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Clostridium perfringens but not
      against Clostridium difficile. Alafosfalin activity was antagonized by
      appropriate peptides. Synergy was obtained with other cell wall-active
      antibiotics.

PMID- 4026270
TI  - Systemic absorption and persistence of tioconazole in vaginal fluid after
      insertion of a single 300-mg tioconazole ovule.
AB  - After vaginal insertion of a 300-mg ovule of tioconazole in 10 patients with
      vaginal candidiasis, the mean concentration in plasma was 21.2 ng/ml (range, 10.6
      to 35.8 ng/ml) at 8 h and was not measurable at 24 h in 9 of 10 patients. The
      mean vaginal concentration at 24 h was 21.4 mg/liter (range, 2.4 to 50 mg/liter)
      and remained detectable in 7 of 9 and 2 of 9 patients after 48 and 72 h,
      respectively.

PMID- 4026271
TI  - Comparative in vitro activities of selected antimicrobial agents against
      Edwardsiella tarda.
AB  - MICs of 14 antimicrobial agents for 29 strains of Edwardsiella tarda were
      determined by an agar dilution method. Of the agents tested, ciprofloxacin,
      enoxacin, and norfloxacin were the most active on a weight basis. All strains
      were also susceptible to clinically achievable concentrations of ampicillin,
      chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim plus
      sulfamethoxazole, cefotaxime, and gentamicin. Ninety percent of the strains
      demonstrated high-level resistance to polymyxin B and colistin.

PMID- 4026272
TI  - In vitro activity of cefbuperazone against Bacteroides spp.
AB  - The activity of cefbuperazone was tested in vitro against 287 clinical isolates
      of Bacteroides spp. Cefbuperazone showed good activity against B. fragilis, B.
      vulgatus, and other Bacteroides species, comparable to that of cefoxitin. It was
      relatively ineffective against B. distasonis and the B. thetaiotaomicron-ovatus
      group and was not active against cefoxitin-resistant Bacteroides spp.

PMID- 4026273
TI  - Self-induced nystatin resistance in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is normally susceptible to the
      action of the polyene antibiotic nystatin. We describe conditions under which
      transient nystatin resistance can be induced in the absence of detectable changes
      in sterol composition. These results suggest that nystatin plays a positive role
      in promoting resistance to itself.

PMID- 4026274
TI  - Simultaneous determination of dacarbazine, its photolytic degradation product, 2
      azahypoxanthine, and the metabolite 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide in plasma and
      urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method has been developed that allows for
      the simultaneous analysis of dacarbazine (DTIC), 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide
      (AIC), and 2-azahypoxanthine (2-AZA) in plasma or urine. Plasma samples were
      prepared by ultrafiltration, whereas urine samples were filtered and diluted for
      analysis. Chromatography was done with a C18 mu Bondapak column along with
      gradient elution of the drugs. The mobile phase consisted of 100% 0.5 M sodium
      acetate (pH 7.0) and 25% acetonitrile in 0.05 M sodium acetate (pH 5.5) with
      detection at 280 nm. Linearity was observed up to 500 micrograms/ml for DTIC and
      up to 53 micrograms/ml for AIC and 2-AZA. The assay methodology was reproducible,
      with a lower limit of detection of 5.0, 0.5, and 0.5 micrograms/ml for DTIC, AIC,
      and 2-AZA, respectively. Interday and intraday coefficients of variation ranged
      between 4 to 14% and 2 to 16%, respectively. The analytical method was applied to
      the analysis of plasma and urine samples resulting from the isolation perfusion
      chemotherapy of an extremity with 57 mg of DTIC per kg in a patient with
      melanoma.

PMID- 4026275
TI  - In vitro comparative antimicrobial activity of cefpimizole against clinical
      isolates from five medical centers.
AB  - Cefpimizole was compared with cefoperazone and cefotaxime against 6,599 clinical
      bacterial isolates from five medical centers. Cefoperazone and cefotaxime were
      both more active and provided a greater spectrum of antimicrobial coverage than
      cefpimizole. Some of the cefpimizole minimum concentrations inhibiting 50% of
      tested strains were as follows: Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae, 16
      micrograms/ml; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2.0 micrograms/ml;
      Proteus mirabilis, 1.0 microgram/ml; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 16 micrograms/ml;
      Staphylococcus spp., 32 micrograms/ml; and the enterococci, greater than 32
      micrograms/ml.

PMID- 4026276
TI  - An adjustment error in optimization of taste intensity.
AB  - In a currently popular method of adjustment for assessing optimal preferred
      levels of tastants in foods, a robust perceptual error was observed. When
      subjects concentrated a dilute beverage to optimal taste, the final (adjusted)
      concentration of the added tastant was reliably lower than when diluting a
      concentrated beverage. This discrepancy between ascending and descending runs was
      observed for both adjusted sucrose in a fruit beverage and for adjusted NaCl in
      tomato juice. The premature shift in perception from non-optimal to optimal
      judgment resembles the "error of anticipation" in the classical method of limits.
      The effect could not be attributed to sensory adaptation or perceptual
      insensitivity, and it persisted even when subjects were told to be sure to reach
      the same level in both directions of adjustment. The magnitude of the error was
      diminished by interweaving of ascending and descending trials, which altered the
      immediate stimulus context, and by enhancing the motivational level of subjects
      (through reward) to try to reach the same concentration in both ascending and
      descending adjustments.

PMID- 4026277
TI  - The relationship of attitudes and experiences of Finnish youths to their hedonic
      responses to sweetness in soft drinks.
AB  - Attitudes to sugar and previous experience (liking and use at present and in
      childhood) of sweet foods as well as hedonic responses to two levels of sweetness
      in soft drinks were determined in a young adult population (112 males, 112
      females). Females were more negative in their attitudes but they reported greater
      liking of sweet foods. Sugar attitudes were not related to hedonic responses to
      normal sweetness (9%) in either sex group, but in the case of lower sweetness
      (5%) negative attitudes increased along with the rated pleasantness, particularly
      among males. Reported liking and use of soft drinks had some significant
      correlations with hedonic responses to both sweetness levels, but experiences of
      other sweet foods were not related to the hedonic responses to sweetness in soft
      drinks.

PMID- 4026278
TI  - Stimulus range influences intensity and hedonic ratings of flavour.
AB  - Five concentrations of an artificial orange drink were presented for sensory
      evaluation in three overlapping concentration ranges. Three sensory panels, each
      of 30 subjects, rated the concentrations for intensity of flavour (intensity
      scale), relation to ideal flavour intensity (ideal-point scale), and pleasantness
      (hedonic scale). Except for the two extreme concentrations, neither of which was
      presented in more than one range, in all three response tasks the mean rating for
      a given concentration varied with the concentration range in which it was
      presented. However, the mean ratings showed good correspondence across response
      tasks (e.g. the concentration perceived as "moderately sweet" on the intensity
      scale was perceived as "just right" on the ideal-point scale and of maximal
      pleasantness on the hedonic scale), suggesting a link between the intensity and
      hedonic dimensions of sensory experience.

PMID- 4026279
TI  - Different metabolites might reduce food intake by the mitochondrial generation of
      reducing equivalents.
AB  - To test the possibility that hypophagic effects of injected metabolites are
      linked to a particular oxidative step in their metabolism, cumulative food intake
      in rats after subcutaneous injection of various metabolites or their immediate
      oxidation products was investigated. Glycerol was compared with dihydroxyacetone,
      L-malate with oxaloacetate, and L-lactate with pyruvate. Subcutaneous injection
      of 4.5 mmol/kg metabolic body weight (BW0.75) of glycerol or malate reduced food
      intake significantly, whereas the same doses of dihydroxyacetone or oxaloacetate
      did not. Lactate or pyruvate (4.5 mmol/kg BW0.75, each) both reduced food intake
      significantly. However, even higher doses (7.7 mmol/kg BW0.75) of lactate or
      pyruvate failed to affect food intake when rats were fed a high fat (HF) diet,
      which is known to decrease the activity of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase. In
      an additional experiment, subcutaneous injection of lactate or pyruvate (7.7
      mmol/kg BW0.75, each) increased plasma levels of lactate and pyruvate 2 h after
      the injection in HF-rats more than in rats fed the usual high-carbohydrate diet.
      The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the increased generation of
      reducing equivalents in the mitochondria, brought about by the oxidation of
      injected glycerol, malate, lactate, or pyruvate, reduces food intake in rats.

PMID- 4026280
TI  - Histamine: a role in normal drinking.
AB  - Little is known about the physiological mechanisms that control normal drinking
      and, in particular, drinking around mealtime. This problem has recently been
      penetrated by experiments evaluating a role for histamine in drinking elicited by
      eating. This work supports the hypothesis of a preabsorptive, pregastric, vagally
      mediated, histaminergic component of drinking elicited by eating in the rat.

PMID- 4026281
TI  - Abstracts: The neural and metabolic bases of feeding. Napa Valley, California, 7
      9 October, 1984. A satellite symposium of the 14th annual meeting of the Society
      for Neuroscience.

PMID- 4026282
TI  - Surface modification of proteins. Activation of monomethoxy-polyethylene glycols
      by phenylchloroformates and modification of ribonuclease and superoxide
      dismutase.
AB  - A single-step method of activation of monomethoxypolyethylene glycols suitable
      for its binding to polypeptides and proteins is proposed. Based on the reaction
      with 2,4,5-trichlorophenylchloroformate or p-nitrophenylchloroformate, it gives
      reactive PEG-phenylcarbonate derivatives. The PEG intermediate is stable on
      storage, the activating group is easily quantified,and the reaction with amino
      acid and proteins proceeds rapidly at pH near neutrality. The PEG derivatization
      of enzymes with this procedure is less inactivating than those previously
      reported. Ribonuclease and superoxide dismutase were modified and the effect of
      (a) bound polymer on clearance time in rats, (b) antibody recognition, and (c) on
      the enzymatic activity toward low and high molecular weight substrates were
      studied.

PMID- 4026283
TI  - Characterization and comparison of soluble and immobilized pig muscle aldolases.
AB  - Pig muscle aldolase was insolubilized by covalent attachment to a polyacrylamide
      matrix containing carboxylic functional groups. The catalytic activity of the
      Akrilex C-aldolase was 2014 units/g solid, i.e., an activity loss of only about
      5% relative to the initial activity. The pH optimum for catalytic activity
      shifted form 7.25 to 7.5 and the apparent temperature optimum from 313 to 318 K.
      The Michaelis constant of the insolubilized enzyme was significantly higher than
      that of the soluble aldolase. Heat- and urea-inactivation experiments revealed
      that the immobilization increased the stability of the enzyme.

PMID- 4026284
TI  - Metabolism of the benzidine-based azo dye Direct Black 38 by human intestinal
      microbiota.
AB  - Benzidine-based azo dyes are proven mutagens and have been linked to bladder
      cancer. Previous studies have indicated that their initial reduction is the
      result of the azo reductase activity of the intestinal microbiota. Metabolism of
      the benzidine-based dye Direct Black 38 was examined by using a semicontinuous
      culture system that simulates the lumen of the human large intestine. The system
      was inoculated with freshly voided feces, and an active flora was maintained as
      evidenced by volatile fatty acid and gas production. Within 7 days after exposure
      to the dye, the following metabolites were isolated and identified by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry:benzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl, monoacetylbenzidine,
      and acetylaminobiphenyl. Benzidine reached its peak level after 24 h, accounting
      for 39.1% of the added dye. Its level began to decline, and by day 7 the
      predominant metabolite was acetylaminobiphenyl, which accounted for 51.1% of the
      parent compound. Formation of the deaminated and N-acetylated analogs of
      benzidine, which have enhanced mutagenicity and lipophilicity, previously has not
      been attributed to the intestinal microbiota.

PMID- 4026285
TI  - TDP-1, a toxic component causing tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens, and
      trichothecenes from Fusarium roseum 'Graminearum'.
AB  - Fusarium roseum 'Graminearum' was isolated from overwintered oats in Alaska and
      was tested for its ability to cause tibial dyschondroplasia (TDP) in broiler
      chickens. The water-soluble fraction was tested and found to cause TDP. In
      addition, diacetoxyscirpenol and 7-hydroxydiacetoxyscirpenol were identified in
      the acetonitrile fraction of the extracts and caused mild mouth lesions in
      chickens. Six major water-soluble components were purified by thin-layer
      chromatography and tested for toxicity to chick embryos. One of the six
      components, called TDP-1, was found to be lethal to chick embryos. There was a
      100% incidence of TDP in chickens fed a diet containing 75 ppm (wt/wt) of pure
      TDP-1, thus establishing the cause and effect relationship between TDP and TDP-1.
      Analyses by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that TDP-1
      is polar and ninhydrin positive, exhibits fluorescence with UV irradiation, and
      is a nitrogen-containing component with an empirical formula of C15H20N2O4.

PMID- 4026286
TI  - Modification of in vitro metabolism of T-2 toxin by esterase inhibitors.
AB  - In vitro metabolism of T-2 toxin with S-9 fraction obtained from livers of
      phenobarbital-treated pigs and rats in the presence of different esterase
      inhibitors, including NaF, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, phenylmethylsulfonyl
      fluoride, eserine sulfate, diisopropylfluorophosphate, and diethyl p-nitrophenyl
      phosphate, was studied. The metabolism was completely shifted to the
      hydroxylation at the C-3' position in the T-2 toxin molecule when esterase
      inhibitors were present. Diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate was found to be the most
      potent among six esterase inhibitors tested. In the presence of 10(-4) M diethyl
      p-nitrophenyl phosphate, 3'-hydroxy-T-2 toxin was the only metabolite detected.
      Similar results were obtained when other T-2-related metabolites were tested. The
      yield of conversion of T-2 toxin, acetyl T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and T-2 triol to
      their respective 3'-hydroxyl derivatives were 82, 73, 72, and 75%, respectively.

PMID- 4026287
TI  - Enrichment medium for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni-Campylobacter coli.
AB  - A broth enrichment medium for the improvement of isolation of Campylobacter
      jejuni-Campylobacter coli from stool samples and other specimens is presented. Of
      1,228 samples examined in parallel, positive results were obtained from 81 by
      direct inoculation of selective media and from 112 after enrichment. Thus, an
      increase of 27.7% in the isolation rate was obtained by using the enrichment
      medium. The same medium without antibiotics allows the preservation of isolates
      of C. jejuni-C. coli for at least 2 months at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 4026288
TI  - Response of the microflora in outdoor experimental streams to pentachlorophenol:
      compartmental contributions.
AB  - Outdoor artificial streams were treated continuously with pentachlorophenol (PCP)
      for 88 days during the summer of 1983. The contributions of different stream
      compartments (microbial habitats) to microbial degradation of PCP were determined
      in a stream treated with 144 micrograms of PCP per liter. The 488-m long stream
      was composed of mud-bottomed pools alternating with gravel riffles. PCP loss in
      the stream attributable to microbial degradation after an adaptation period was
      in the range of 55 to 74%. Contributions to PCP loss were determined for rock
      surface (epilithic), macrophyte surface (epiphytic), sedimentary, and water
      column communities by measuring rates of PCP disappearance in stream water,
      containing ambient concentrations of PCP, in contact with representative
      compartmental samples. The specific capability, in units of micrograms of PCP per
      hour per square meter of stream cross-sectional area (macrophytes at maximum
      plant density, water column at mean depth, upper 10-cm layer of gravel), followed
      the order rock surface much greater than macrophytes greater than sediment
      approximately equal to water column. The compartmental contribution to total
      stream losses in units of grams per hour followed the same order, although the
      differences were smaller. The rate of PCP disappearance in the water column above
      sediment cores followed the order oxygen-rich greater than oxygen-poor
      approximately equal to anaerobic greater than sorption-only conditions. The large
      difference in specific capability between the rock surface and sediment
      compartments could be attributed to oxygen deficiency (because of chemical and
      biological oxygen demand) in the sediments. Free-floating and particle-attached
      organisms in the water column were important to PCP biodegradation.

PMID- 4026289
TI  - Seasonal changes in the ruminal microflora of the high-arctic Svalbard reindeer
      (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus).
AB  - The dominant rumen bacteria in high-arctic Svalbard reindeer were characterized,
      their population densities were estimated, and ruminal pH was determined in
      summer, when food quality and availability are good, and in winter, when they are
      poor. In summer the total cultured viable population density was (2.09 +/- 1.26)
      X 10(10) cells ml-1, whereas in winter it was (0.36 +/- 0.29) X 10(10) cells ml
      1, representing a decrease to 17% of the summer population density. On culture,
      Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens represented 22% of the bacterial population in summer
      and 30% in winter. Streptococcus bovis represented 17% of the bacterial
      population in summer but only 4% in winter. Methanogenic bacteria were present at
      10(4) cells ml-1 in summer and 10(7) cells ml-1 in winter. In summer and winter,
      respectively, the proportions of the viable population showing the following
      activities were as follows: starch utilization, 68 and 63%; fiber digestion, 31
      and 74%; cellulolysis, 15 and 35%; xylanolysis, 30 and 58%; proteolysis, 51 and
      28%; ureolysis, 40 and 54%; and lactate utilization, 13 and 4%. The principal
      cellulolytic bacterium was B. fibrisolvens, which represented 66 and 52% of the
      cellulolytic population in summer and winter, respectively. The results indicate
      that the microflora of the rumen of Svalbard reindeer is highly effective in
      fiber digestion and nitrogen metabolism, allowing the animals to survive under
      the austere nutritional conditions typical of their high-arctic habitat.

PMID- 4026290
TI  - Nutritionally limited pectinolytic bacteria from the human intestine.
AB  - A selective procedure was used to isolate pectinolytic intestinal bacteria from
      human subjects. The three isolates with the greatest pectinolytic activity
      utilized pectin and a few related compounds as fermentable substrates for growth
      but did not utilize any other compound tested. Thus, their substrate utilization
      pattern was markedly different from that of previously described intestinal
      pectinolytic isolates. The three isolates are representatives of a nutritionally
      defined group of bacteria for which the term pectinophilic is proposed.

PMID- 4026291
TI  - Immunochemical study of triton X-100-soluble surface components of slime-forming,
      encapsulated Streptococcus cremoris from the fermented milk product viili.
AB  - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to study Triton X-100-soluble cell
      components of Streptococcus cremoris T5 from viili. The antiserum was raised
      against whole cells, and the antigens extracted gave a complex precipitate
      pattern with 16 prominent and reproducible precipitates. The results of
      immunoadsorption experiments with whole cells suggest that six antigens are
      expressed on the cell surface, and the exposure of cell surface antigens is
      greater on cells from the early stationary growth phase than on those from the
      late exponential phase.

PMID- 4026293
TI  - Effects of diffusion on the electrophoretic behavior of associating systems: the
      Gilbert-Jenkins theory revisited.
AB  - The Gilbert-Jenkins theory predicts the asymptotic shape of moving-boundary
      sedimentation and electrophoretic patterns and broad zone molecular sieve
      chromatographic elution profiles for the class of interacting systems, A + B in
      equilibrium C, in which two dissimilar macromolecules react reversibly to form a
      complex. A particularly provocative case is the one in which the complex has a
      greater migration velocity than that of either reactant, each of which has a
      different velocity. Depending upon conditions, this case predicts, for example,
      that in the asymptotic limit an ascending electrophoretic pattern or a frontal
      gel chromatographic elution profile can show two hypersharp reaction boundaries
      separated by a plateau. This prediction is now confirmed by numerical solution of
      transport equations which retain the second-order diffusional term and
      extrapolation of the computed patterns to zero diffusion coefficient. For finite
      diffusion coefficient, however, the two hypersharp reaction boundaries are
      separated by a weak negative gradient. These calculations are extended to an
      examination of the transitions between the three types of patterns admitted by
      the case under consideration in order to gain physical understanding and to
      define criteria for recognizing the transitions. Studies of this kind not only
      establish confidence in the Gilbert-Jenkins theory, but, in addition, they
      provide new insights which make for more effective application of the theory to
      real systems.

PMID- 4026292
TI  - Intestinal microbial flora after feeding phytohemagglutinin lectins (Phaseolus
      vulgaris) to rats.
AB  - Incorporation of purified phytohemagglutinin (PHA) lectins derived from red
      kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the diet of weanling rats will cause growth
      failure, malabsorption of nutrients, and bacterial overgrowth in the small
      intestine. These effects are not caused by feeding a similar quantity of PHA to
      germfree rats. To define the morphological and bacterial changes on the mucosal
      surfaces of the jejunum, ileum, and cecum in greater detail, we pair fed two
      groups of weanling rats isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets with or without 0.5% PHA
      protein. On the jejunal surfaces of control rats, the mucous layer was a
      confluent covering with sparsely scattered bacteria and protozoa. In PHA-treated
      rats, the mucous layer was thin and discontinuous, and the microvillous surface
      of the tissue was extensively populated by bacterial cells of two distinct
      morphotypes--a gram-negative rod and a gram-positive coccobacillus. In all PHA
      treated animals, these bacteria formed adherent monospecific or mixed adherent
      microcolonies on the tissue surface. Tissue damage was observed in PHA-exposed
      jejunal tissue as evidenced by vesiculation of the microvillous plasma membrane
      and by damage to the brush border membrane. On the ileal surfaces of control
      rats, there was a thick mucous layer within which small numbers of bacteria and
      protozoa were seen. Segmented filamentous bacteria were anchored in the tissue
      surface. In PHA-treated rats, the ileal surface was only incompletely covered by
      a mucous layer, and the overlying mucosal surface was extensively covered by
      large numbers of protozoan cells (predominantly Hexamita muris). Most of the
      ileal surfaces not covered by the mucous layer were occupied and virtually
      occluded by an overgrowth of these protozoan cells with occasional cells of
      Giardia muris and the tissue-associated segmented bacillus. In the ceca of
      control rats, the mucosa was incompletely covered by a discontinuous mucous layer
      and colonized by an unnamed Spirillum sp., other bacteria, and occasional
      protozoa. The cecal surfaces of PHA-treated rats retained most of their
      incomplete overlying mucous layer, which was heavily colonized by the same type
      of Spirillum sp. seen in untreated animals; intestinal crypts were colonized.
      These descriptive morphological studies demonstrate that exposure to purified PHA
      in the diet caused characteristic changes in the microbial ecology of the small
      intestine. The changes in microbial flora contributed to the malabsorption of
      nutrients in the small intestines of PHA-fed animals.

PMID- 4026295
TI  - Distribution of oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione and cysteine in rat
      plasma.
AB  - The distribution of the glutathionyl moiety between reduced and oxidized forms in
      rat plasma was markedly different than that for the cysteinyl moiety. Most of the
      glutathionyl moiety was present as mixed disulfides with cysteine and protein
      whereas most of the cysteinyl moiety was present as cystine. Seventy percent of
      total glutathione equivalents was bound to proteins in disulfide linkage. The
      distribution of glutathione equivalents in the acid-soluble fraction was 28.0% as
      glutathione, 9.5% as glutathione disulfide, and 62.6% as the mixed disulfide with
      the cysteinyl moiety. In contrast, 23% of total cysteine equivalents was protein
      bound. The distribution of cysteine equivalents in the acid-soluble fraction was
      5.9% as cysteine, 83.1% as cystine, and 10.8% as the mixed disulfide with the
      glutathionyl moiety. A first-order decline in glutathione occurred upon in vitro
      incubation of plasma and was due to increased formation of mixed disulfides of
      glutathione with cysteine and protein. This indicates that plasma thiols and
      disulfides are not at equilibrium, but are in a steady-state maintained in part
      by transport of these compounds between tissues during the inter-organ phase of
      their metabolism. The large amounts of protein-bound glutathione and cysteine
      provide substantial buffering which must be considered in analysis of transient
      changes in glutathione and cysteine. In addition, this buffering may protect
      against transient thiol-disulfide redox changes which could affect the structure
      and activity of plasma and plasma membrane proteins.

PMID- 4026294
TI  - Inhibition of carnitine acetyltransferase by metabolites of 4-pentenoic acid.
AB  - The inhibition of carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) by metabolites of 4
      pentenoic acid was studied. 3-Keto-4-pentenoyl-CoA, a beta-oxidation metabolite
      of 4-pentenoic acid, was found to be an effective inhibitor of the enzyme in the
      presence, but not in the absence of L-carnitine. Since acetyl-CoA protects the
      enzyme against this inhibition, 3-keto-4-pentenoyl-CoA seems to be an active site
      directed inhibitor. 3-Keto-4-pentenoyl-CoA, which is a substrate of carnitine
      acetyltransferase, causes the irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. All
      observations together lead to the suggestion that 3-keto-4-pentenoyl-CoA is a
      mechanism-based inhibitor of carnitine acetyltransferase.

PMID- 4026296
TI  - Effect of divalent cations on the limited proteolysis of prothrombin by thrombin.
AB  - The inhibitory influence of divalent cations on the ability of bovine alpha
      thrombin to hydrolyze prothrombin showed the trend Mn2+ much greater than Ca2+
      greater than or equal to Mg2+ greater than Sr2+ much greater than Ba2+. This
      effect was not due to an inhibition of thrombin's catalytic activity as measured
      by hydrolysis of a specific synthetic substrate, H-D-Phe-pipecolyl-Arg-p
      nitroanilide (D-PhePipArgNA). The presence of divalent cations did not inhibit
      thrombic proteolysis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-domainless prothrombin.
      Prothrombin and Gla-domainless prothrombin were used as competitive inhibitors in
      the thrombic hydrolysis of D-PhePipArgNA. The apparent Ki value calculated for
      prothrombin was 18 microM. When either Ca2+ or Mn2+ were present, there was no
      inhibition. The apparent Ki value determined for Gla-domainless prothrombin was
      28 microM in either the absence or presence of Ca2+. Addition of divalent cations
      to prothrombin, but not to Gla-domainless prothrombin, resulted in an altered
      protein conformation as measured by high-performance size-exclusion
      chromatography and ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. These results suggest
      that a conformational change secondary to the interaction of divalent cations
      with the Gla-containing domain of prothrombin is required for cation-dependent
      inhibition of thrombin hydrolysis.

PMID- 4026297
TI  - Glutathione changes occurring after S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibition.
AB  - Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes, which metabolize methionine through the
      cystathionine pathway, and cultured L5178Y cells, which do not, were compared for
      their response to the inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase (EC
      3.3.1.1). When cells were incubated in Fischer's medium lacking cystine but
      containing 0.67 mM methionine and 10% serum, the addition of periodate-oxidized
      adenosine (POA), an inhibitor of SAH hydrolase, increased the level of SAH
      approximately 4-fold in L5178Y cells (5 mM POA) and 30-fold in hepatocytes (1 mM
      POA). POA treatment also decreased the amount of intracellular glutathione (GSH)
      in hepatocytes by 6-fold, and in L5178Y cells by 3-fold. Incubation of
      hepatocytes with adenosine plus homocysteine, 2-chloroadenosine, or 2',3'-acyclic
      adenosine increased intracellular SAH and also lowered GSH levels. Neither GSH
      oxidation nor efflux of GSH or GSH conjugates appeared to account for the GSH
      loss. Intracellular GSH, covalently bound to proteins as mixed disulfides,
      increased when hepatocytes were incubated with POA, but the increase was
      insufficient to account for the total GSH loss. In hepatocytes with prelabeled
      [35S]GSH, POA caused the cellular GSH content to decrease while the specific
      activity of [35S]GSH remained constant, suggesting that inhibitor treatments that
      caused elevated SAH levels may have increased the degradation of GSH while GSH
      synthesis was inhibited.

PMID- 4026298
TI  - The conformation of the C-terminal region of actin: a site-specific
      photocrosslinking study using benzophenone-4-maleimide.
AB  - The site-specific photocrosslinker, benzophenone-4-maleimide, was used to label G
      actin specifically at Cys-374, the penultimate residue from the C terminus. The
      resultant BP-G-actin was polymerized to form BP-F-actin, and both forms of actin
      were irradiated to activate the benzophenone moiety. We found that for BP-F-actin
      both intersubunit and intrasubunit photocrosslinks were formed. For BP-G-actin
      only a small amount of an internally photocrosslinked species was formed. These
      findings suggest that in the F-actin polymer, the C-terminal peptide is localized
      in a region between neighboring subunits. In contrast, in the G-actin monomer,
      the C-terminal peptide is relatively distant from the surface of the molecule.

PMID- 4026299
TI  - Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Crassula by interconversion of
      oligomeric forms.
AB  - Using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography, it is shown that
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Crassula argentea, a crassulacean acid
      metabolism (CAM) plant, exists primarily in the form of a tetramer of a 100-kDa
      subunit at night and as a dimer of the same subunit during the day. The
      tetrameric enzyme from night leaves is not inhibited by malate, while the dimeric
      form from day leaves can be completely inhibited by malate. The purified day, or
      dimer, form of the enzyme can be converted to the tetramer by concentration and
      exposure to Mg2+. When thus converted, the tetramer is insensitive to malate
      inhibition, and is more strongly activated by glucose 6-phosphate than the dimer.
      The purified night, or tetramer, form is converted to the dimer by incubation for
      60 min at pH 8.2. This enzyme may also be converted to the dimer by adding 1.5 mM
      malate to the elution buffer, but preincubation for 15 min with
      phosphoenolpyruvate prevents disaggregation when chromatographed with buffer
      containing malate. Preincubation with 1mM EDTA and subsequent chromatography with
      buffer containing malate shows a progressive dissociation of the tetrameric form
      with increasing time of preincubation. The implications of these observations for
      the diurnal regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in CAM metabolism are
      discussed.

PMID- 4026300
TI  - Relationships between the rate of synthesis of ATP and the concentrations of
      reactants and products of ATP hydrolysis in maize root tips, determined by 31P
      nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Using 31P NMR spectroscopy, we have measured the rate of ATP synthesis, and the
      free concentrations of ATP, ADP, cytoplasmic Pi, and H+ in maize root tips under
      a wide range of conditions. We show that the ratio [ATP]/[ADP] in normoxic root
      tips is greater than 25. We found no simple relationship between the
      concentration of ATP and the rate of ATP synthesis: when the rate of ATP
      synthesis decreases in response to different treatments, the concentration of ATP
      can increase, decrease, or remain unchanged. Clear relationships were obtained,
      however, when the rate of synthesis of ATP was plotted against the logarithm of
      the ratio psi, defined as [ATP]/[ADP][Pi][H+]. Two curves were obtained,
      depending on which of two situations pertained. First, if mitochondrial ATP
      synthesis was inhibited, e.g., by KCN or hypoxia, ln psi decreased monotonically
      as rates of ATP synthesis decreased. The decrease in ln psi may account for
      decreases in the rates of biosynthetic reactions dependent on ATP, such as
      protein synthesis, as they approach equilibrium. Second, if consumption of ATP
      for biosynthetic reactions was inhibited, by treatment with succinate, ln psi
      increased as rates of ATP synthesis decreased. The increase in ln psi may account
      for decreases in the rate of ATP synthesis, as oxidative phosphorylation
      approaches equilibrium.

PMID- 4026301
TI  - Determination of anesthetic molecule environments by infrared spectroscopy. I.
      Effects of solvating molecule structure on nitrous oxide spectra.
AB  - The effects of the medium on the infrared spectrum of nitrous oxide (N2O) were
      determined in the antisymmetric stretch region near 2200 cm-1 for solutions of
      N2O in 38 different solvents at 25 degrees C. The solvents were chosen to reflect
      the variety of environments potentially available in sites occupied by N2O in
      nerve and other tissue. Band parameters of overlapping fundamental and hot bands
      were obtained with deconvolution techniques. Differences in solvent molecule
      structure had marked effects on both the frequency and the shape of the infrared
      bands. The fundamental band frequency (v3) ranged from 2215 cm-1 for carbon
      disulfide to 2230 cm-1 for water. Among the alcohols, v3 increased nearly
      linearly with increasing dielectric constant. However, solvent parameters that
      reflect bulk properties of the solvent did not correlate well with v3 over the
      entire range of solvents studied. Rather short-range specific solute-solvent
      molecular interactions appear particularly important. In general, v3 increases
      with the strength and number of dipoles in adjacent solvent molecules interacting
      with the vibrating dipole of N2O. Half-bandwidths (delta v1/2) ranged from 7.4 cm
      1 for carbon tetrachloride to 14.4 cm-1 for hexane. Variations in bandwidth did
      not correlate in any direct way with solvent polarity, but delta v1/2 did
      increase with an increase in the conformational flexibility of the solvent
      molecule, which results in a greater diversity in the immediate environment about
      the N2O molecules. The observed sensitivity of the N2O infrared band parameters
      to changes in solvation environment and the appearance of the antisymmetric
      stretch band at a frequency within a window of relatively low-energy absorption
      by water makes infrared spectroscopy potentially useful for the characterization
      of the sites occupied by the anesthetic molecules within lipid, protein, and
      aqueous components of intact tissue.

PMID- 4026302
TI  - Determination of anesthetic molecule environments by infrared spectroscopy. II.
      Multiple sites for nitrous oxide in proteins, lipids, and brain tissue.
AB  - The presence of molecules of the general anesthetic nitrous oxide (N2O) in oils,
      esters, proteins, red cells, cream, lipid vesicles, and brain tissue upon
      exposure to the gas was observed by infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of the N-N-O
      antisymmetric stretch band reveals a distribution of N2O molecules among several
      sites of differing polarity in these solutions and tissues. The sensitivity of
      the band intensity and frequency to the number and strength of the dipoles in the
      solvating molecules is demonstrated by the resolution of N2O-ester and N2O-alkane
      interactions in acetic acid ethyl ester and oleic acid methyl ester. In all
      aqueous solutions and in all tissues a population of N2O molecules in water is
      observed. At least two sites of N2O-protein interaction are observed in purified
      hemoglobin A and packed red cells; multiple N2O sites may also be present in
      bovine serum albumin. Two sites of N2O-lipid interaction are observed in whipping
      cream and in an aqueous suspension of phosphatidylcholine vesicles. The sites
      providing the least polar immediate environment to N2O in hemoglobin, cream, and
      vesicles give similar band frequencies to those found in pure alkane solvents.
      Infrared spectra of bovine brain tissue, upon exposure to N2O, show N2O molecules
      present in water and in two less-polar environments. Analysis of spectra of N2O
      in cerebellum tissue removed from a dog under halothane-N2O anesthesia reveals,
      in addition to N2O in water, a single population of N2O molecules in an alkane
      like environment. Infrared spectroscopy provides a unique means of probing the
      structure of the environment of N2O and should prove useful in correlating
      anesthetic potency with anesthetic environment under physiological conditions.

PMID- 4026304
TI  - Structural characterization of the calcium binding protein s100 from adipose
      tissue.
AB  - A partial amino acid sequence for bovine adipose tissue S100 was elucidated by
      characterization of peptides generated by cyanogen bromide cleavage. The cyanogen
      bromide peptides were aligned by homology with the bovine brain S100 beta
      sequence. The results demonstrate that adipose S100 beta is probably identical to
      brain S100 beta, and suggest that S100 beta is a conserved protein among tissues
      of the same species.

PMID- 4026303
TI  - Metabolism of [3H]leupeptin by rat liver.
AB  - Tritium-labeled leupeptin was used to study how this tripeptide proteinase
      inhibitor interacts with the liver, including the mechanism of its transport into
      the cell, its subcellular distribution after uptake, and its metabolism once in
      the tissue. Experiments were done in situ and in a perfused liver. At low
      concentrations (1 to 10 microM) the uptake of radioactive inhibitor was competed
      by chemically reduced leupeptin. At high concentrations at least up to 400 microM
      the uptake was directly proportional to the external concentration of tripeptide.
      Entry into the tissue essentially stopped at low temperature (less than 21
      degrees C). [3H]Leupeptin initially was located in the soluble fraction of the
      liver homogenate and by 15 to 30 min became concentrated in the lysosome-rich
      fraction. During 2 h of perfusion almost 50% of [3H]leupeptin that had entered
      the liver was secreted intact into the bile. In addition, a portion of the
      leupeptin that remained in the liver was degraded during this time period.

PMID- 4026305
TI  - The effect of pyridoxine deficiency on the metabolism of the aromatic amino acids
      by isolated rat liver cells.
AB  - The total activity of three key enzymes and the flux through eight steps of
      aromatic amino acid metabolism have been determined in liver cells isolated from
      rats fed either control or pyridoxine-free diet for 5-6 weeks. The pyridoxine
      free diet caused a decrease in the catabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine
      because of a drop in the flux through tyrosine aminotransferase. This decrease of
      expressed cellular tyrosine aminotransferase activity can be fully explained in
      terms of loss of cofactor. Larger decreases in the catabolism of tryptophan were
      seen after pyridoxine deprivation. The decreased extent of tryptophan catabolism
      can be solely attributed to loss of cofactor or increased degradation of
      kynureninase. Inhibition of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase was seen in pyridoxine
      deficiency, probably because of the buildup of the kynurenine metabolites. The
      control strength of kynureninase, for flux through kynureninase, was calculated
      to be less than or equal to 0.004, but 0.41 after pyridoxine deprivation. The
      sensitivity of the three pathways to pyridoxine deprivation is interpreted and
      discussed in terms of the different affinities for pyridoxal phosphate and the
      control strengths of the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes, tyrosine
      aminotransferase and kynureninase.

PMID- 4026306
TI  - Specificity of two different purified acylcarnitine hydrolases from rat liver,
      their identity with other carboxylesterases, and their possible function.
AB  - One of the previously described five purified monoglyceride-cleaving
      carboxylesterases from rat liver microsomes proved to be a carnitine ester
      hydrolase. This esterase, with an isoelectric point of 5.2, is most active with
      medium-chain acyl-L-carnitines (C12-C14). The esterase is also remarkably active
      with 1,3-diglycerides, especially 1,3-dioctanoylglycerol, that are hydrolyzed
      faster than the corresponding 1-monoglycerides and triglycerides. Only one of the
      other four purified carboxylesterases has moderate acylcarnitine-hydrolyzing
      activity. An altered procedure for the separation of the two microsomal
      acylcarnitine-cleaving enzymes is described. Both enzymes hydrolyze carnitine
      esters optimally at pH 8 and both are inactive with acetylcarnitine, palmitoyl
      CoA, and butyrylthiocholine. The possible natural functions of the hydrolases are
      discussed. Besides their detoxifying action on natural membrane-lysing detergents
      (like carnitine esters and lysophospholipids), these enzymes could be involved in
      the transport of carnitine out of the liver.

PMID- 4026307
TI  - Effect of pH on oligomeric equilibrium and saccharide-binding properties of
      peanut agglutinin.
AB  - The conformation and saccharide-binding properties of peanut agglutinin (PNA)
      depend on pH as studied by analytical ultracentrifugation, fluorescence, circular
      dichroism, equilibrium dialysis, and absorption spectroscopy. PNA is tetrameric
      in neutral solution and dissociates reversibly into dimers below pH 5.1. Below pH
      3.4, the lectin is totally dimeric. Lowering of the pH induces reversible changes
      in the tertiary and secondary structures of PNA. Binding of saturating amounts of
      lactose to tetrameric (pH 6.9) or dimeric (pH 3.2) PNA resulted in identical
      ultraviolet difference spectra. Fluorescence studies of PNA as a function of pH
      in the presence of lactose indicated that tryptophanyl residues, present at or
      near the saccharide binding site, are more accessible to the ligand in dimeric
      than in tetrameric PNA. For solutions of dimeric PNA, containing only minor
      amounts of tetramers (pH 3.6), equilibrium dialysis with MeUmb-beta Gal beta(1---
      3)GalNac showed that the binding capacity of PNA was the same as for tetrameric
      PNA (one binding site per protomer) but the apparent association constant was one
      order of magnitude lower than for tetrameric PNA. The enhancement of MeUmb-beta
      Gal beta(1----3)GalNac fluorescence upon binding to PNA was pH dependent: 50% at
      neutrality, 16% at pH 3.7, and unobservable at pH 3.0, suggesting that the
      microenvironment of this PNA-bound chromophore changed progressively with pH and
      was dependent on ionization of an acidic amino acid residue.

PMID- 4026308
TI  - Biosynthesis of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol in higher plants: the origin of the
      diacylglycerol moiety.
AB  - The positional distribution of fatty acids in chloroplast polar lipids and
      phosphatidylcholine from leaves of four plants has been measured in order to
      determine the origin of the diacylglycerol (DAG) moieties of each lipid. In
      spinach and tobacco, the DAG of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG),
      monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosylglycerol (DGDG) were derived
      partly from the chloroplast and partly from the cytoplasm. The contribution of
      the chloroplast pathway differed for each lipid, but in both plants the
      proportion of a lipid derived from that pathway was in the order SQDG greater
      than MGDG greater than DGDG. In contrast, all the DAG moieties of the three
      glycolipids of wheat and cucumber were derived from the cytoplasm. The DAG moiety
      of chloroplast phosphatidylglycerol was synthesized in the chloroplast in all
      four plants.

PMID- 4026309
TI  - Biosynthesis of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol in higher plants: the incorporation
      of 35SO4 by intact chloroplasts.
AB  - Isolated spinach chloroplasts have been found to incorporate 35SO4 into the plant
      sulfolipid, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, at rates of up to 700 pmol mg
      chlorophyll-1 h-1. The reaction is light-dependent, requires that the
      chloroplasts be intact, and is slightly stimulated by ATP and UTP. UDP-galactose
      inhibits the formation of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, presumably by competing
      for the diacylglycerol pool. The rates of synthesis observed are sufficient to
      conclude that the chloroplast is autonomous with respect to the synthesis of
      sulfoquinovose, the headgroup moiety of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol. No
      evidence could be obtained to support the concept that the proposed
      sulfoglycolytic pathway is the biosynthetic route for sulfoquinovose formation.

PMID- 4026310
TI  - Oligosaccharide chains of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein gG.2.
AB  - gG.2 glycoprotein was purified by H966 monoclonal antibodies linked to Sepharose
      from herpes simplex virus type 2-infected HEp-2 cells labeled with [3H]
      glucosamine. The glycoprotein was subjected to Pronase digestion and the
      glycopeptides were fractionated by Con A-Sepharose in a major fraction (88.5% of
      total radioactivity) unbound to the lectin gel and in a minor species which bound
      to the lectin as a N-linked diantennary oligosaccharide. Mild and strong acid
      hydrolysis of Con A-unbound and Con A-bound fractions revealed that (i) both
      species were highly sialylated; (ii) the Con A-unbound fraction contained mainly
      labeled N-acetylgalactosamine, as is the case for O-linked oligosaccharides; and
      (iii) the Con A-bound fraction carried the vast majority of the labeled N
      acetylglucosamine present in gG.2. Three size classes of oligosaccharides were
      separated from mild alkaline borohydride-treated Con A-unbound glycopeptides,
      which accounted for about 80% of the radioactivity present in the fraction.
      Galactosaminitol was recovered as the major labeled product in the strong acid
      hydrolyzates of the oligosaccharides generated by reductive beta-elimination,
      indicating that they were O-glycosidically linked to the peptide backbone. Thin
      layer and DEAE-Sephacel chromatography of the three O-linked oligosaccharide
      species indicated that disialylated tetrasaccharides and monosialylated
      trisaccharides were the major components, whereas neutral disaccharide was a
      minor component. Digestion with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase of the O
      linked oligosaccharides supported the idea that the common disaccharide core was
      mainly of the structure beta-galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine. The large
      occurrence of O-linked oligosaccharides differentiates this type 2-specific
      herpes simplex virus glycoprotein from the type-common herpesvirus glycoproteins
      gB, gC, and gD.

PMID- 4026311
TI  - Alterations in motility and metabolism associated with sperm interaction with
      accessory sex gland fluids.
AB  - Sperm passing through the male tract interact with accessory sex gland fluids
      during ejaculation. Cellular metabolism is stimulated by this interaction for
      unknown reasons. These experiments involved calorimetric measurements [P.B.
      Inskeep and R.H. Hammerstedt (1983) J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 7, 199-210] on
      ejaculated sperm (EJS) and cauda epididymal sperm (CES) from bulls to establish
      the contribution of individual pathways to total cellular ATP synthesis. Parallel
      incubations outside the calorimeter yielded samples for oxygen consumption
      measurements and for motility analysis, the major ATP-consuming reaction of
      sperm. Energy charge values were identical for incubations of EJS and CES with
      glucose, thereby establishing that the ratios of rates of ATP synthesis and
      degradation were equivalent for these cells under this incubation condition. The
      total rate of ATP synthesis was greater for EJS than for CES (5 vs 13 mumol ATP h
      1/10(8) cells) with less than 2 mumol ATP h-1 for each cell type coming from
      degradation of endogenous reserves. Thus, ejaculation is associated with a large
      increase in catabolic rate that is satisfied by degradation of extracellular
      glucose. No difference in percentage of motile sperm was noted, but mean velocity
      was lower for CES (58 micron s-1) than for EJS (85 micron s-1). A difference in
      forward motility pattern was observed (wig-wag to flipping). We conclude from
      these data that interaction with accessory sex gland fluids alters ATP requiring
      activities of sperm, with one obvious alteration being their motility pattern.
      The increase in ATP requirement is satisfied by increased degradation of
      extracellular substrates, but not intracellular reserves, to provide sufficient
      ATP to satisfy cellular needs.

PMID- 4026312
TI  - A semisynthetic bovine pancreatic ribonuclease containing a unique nitrotyrosine
      residue.
AB  - A fully active semisynthetic ribonuclease, RNase 1-118:111-124, may be prepared
      by enzymatically removing six residues from the COOH terminus of the protein
      (positions 119-124) and then complementing the inactive RNase 1-118 with a
      chemically synthesized peptide containing the COOH-terminal 14 residues of the
      molecule (RNase 111-124) [M. C. Lin, B. Gutte, S. Moore, and R. B. Merrifield
      (1970) J. Biol. Chem. 245, 5169-5170]. Nitration of tyrosine-115 in the peptide
      followed by complex formation with RNase 1-118 affords a fully active enzyme
      containing a unique nitrotyrosine residue in a position which is known and which
      is very likely to be completely exterior to the active site region. The binding
      constant between the tetradecapeptide and RNase 1-118 (5 X 10(6) M-1 at pH 6.0)
      is not changed by the nitration. Crystals of the nitrated complex are isomorphous
      with those of RNase 1-118:111-124, for which a refined 1.8-A structure has
      recently been obtained.

PMID- 4026313
TI  - Molecular parameters and conformation of globoside and asialo-GM1.
AB  - Comparative studies of the individual properties and intermolecular organization
      of asialo-GM1 (Gg4Cer) and globoside (Gb4Cer) were made employing lipid
      monolayers and high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. The surface
      pressure-area isotherm of Gb4Cer is more expanded than that of Gg4Cer. This
      results in greater molecular areas and compressibilities, and lower
      intermolecular interaction energies, for Gb4Cer compared to Gg4Cer at all surface
      pressures. This looser intermolecular packing may be responsible for a lower
      transition temperature (40.5 degrees C) and enthalpy of transition (delta Hcal)
      (2.0 kcal mol-1) found for the phase transition of Gb4Cer compared to Gg4Cer
      (54.0 degrees C and 4.2 kcal mol-1). The surface potential per molecule and
      resultant molecular dipole moment vector values are greater for Gb4Cer than for
      Gg4Cer at comparable values of surface pressure and molecular area. All these
      results reflect the existence of a rigid L-shape in the oligosaccharide chain of
      Gb4Cer that prevents a close intermolecular packing compared to the straight
      orientation of the polar head group of Gg4Cer. Significant movements of the
      oligosaccharide chain may occur depending on the lateral surface pressure. At low
      surface pressures the orientation of the oligosaccharide chain of Gg4Cer may be
      displaced an angle of up to about 40 degrees compared to the perpendicular
      position adopted at high surface pressures. In agreement with an enhanced liquid
      character of the interface, the oligosaccharide chain of Gb4Cer exhibits a
      greater freedom of movement and the displacement from the position perpendicular
      to the interface can reach to about 65 degrees.

PMID- 4026314
TI  - Properties of liver microsomal cholesterol 5,6-oxide hydrolase.
AB  - Cholestane 3 beta,5 alpha, 6 beta-triol has been identified as the exclusive
      product formed on hydration of cholesterol 5,6 alpha- and 5,6 beta-oxide
      catalyzed by cholesterol oxide hydrolase in liver microsomes obtained from five
      mammalian species. Highest activities were present in microsomes from rats and
      humans. Both acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the two epoxides also produce
      this product, presumably due to preference for pseudo-axial opening of the
      oxirane ring to form product with a trans-AB ring junction. Although the beta
      oxide is more reactive than the alpha-oxide upon acid-catalyzed hydration, the
      alpha-oxide is a 4.5-fold better substrate than the beta-oxide as indicated by
      values of Vmax/Km. The kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for the reaction catalyzed
      by rat liver microsomes are 1.68 +/- 0.15 X 10(-7) M min-1 and 10.6 +/- 1.5
      microM for the alpha-oxide and 1.32 +/- 0.11 X 10(-7) M min-1 and 37.2 +/- 5.5
      microM for the beta-oxide at 0.35 mg protein/ml, pH 7.4, 6.35% (v/v) CH3CN, and
      37 degrees C. Several imino compounds are competitive inhibitors for the enzyme
      from rat liver. The most effective of these is 5,6 alpha-iminocholestanol (Ki =
      0.085 microM) which was known to be a good inhibitor from previous studies.
      Inhibition by aziridines is consistent with the participation of acid catalysis
      in the mechanism of action of the enzyme. Cholesterol oxide hydrolase is a
      distinct enzyme from oxidosqualene cyclase as well as microsomal epoxide
      hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) and the recently reported mouse hepatic microsomal epoxide
      hydrolase that catalyzes the hydration of trans-stilbene oxide.

PMID- 4026315
TI  - Applicability of Henry's law to hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen solubilities in
      water and olive oil at 37 degrees C and pressures up to 300 atmospheres.
AB  - The solubilities of pure hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen in water and olive oil
      were measured at 37 degrees C at gas-saturation pressures from 25 to 300
      atmospheres. Rigorous thermodynamic criteria were used to assess the
      applicability of Henry's law to the pressure dependence of the gas solubility in
      each system. The solubilities of the three gases in water and helium in olive oil
      followed Henry's law as given by the Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky equation. In
      contrast, hydrogen and nitrogen in olive oil each attained concentrations high
      enough to cause significant concentration-dependent variations of the dissolved
      gas activity coefficient and/or partial molal volume. The consequent deviations
      from Henry's law were greatest in the nitrogen-oil system, where mole fraction
      nitrogen solubilities calculated from the Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky equation
      exceeded measured values by 8, 14, and 23% at 50, 100, and 250 atm, respectively.
      Incorporation of results into the critical volume model of nitrogen anesthesia,
      using olive oil as a model of the physiological anesthetic site and literature
      data for the anesthetic potency of nitrogen in mice breathing high-pressure He-N2
      O2 atmospheres, shows that nonideal solution behavior may become important for
      gases dissolved in physiological hydrophobic regions at biologically active
      concentrations, even if dissolved gas binding to proteins or other macromolecules
      is not involved.

PMID- 4026316
TI  - Proximate sulfhydryl groups in the acetylglutamate complex of rat
      carbamylphosphate synthetase I: their reaction with the affinity reagent 5'-p
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine.
AB  - A preparation of rat carbamylphosphate synthetase I, isolated in the presence of
      antipain and stable without glycerol, has been used to investigate the effect of
      the allosteric activator, N-acetyl-L-glutamate (AcGlu), on the sulfhydryl
      chemistry of the enzyme. The enzyme X AcGlu complex was rapidly inactivated by
      several sulfhydryl group reagents and the ATP analog, 5'-p
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (FSO2BzAdo), with the loss of two sulfhydryl
      groups per monomer. Inactivation was much slower without AcGlu, and ATP/Mg2+/K+
      provided complete protection. Reaction with a 1.1 molar excess of 4,4'
      dipyridyldisulfide resulted in an intramonomer disulfide bond between groups that
      are probably juxtaposed in the activated enzyme, because 1.1 equivalents of the
      vicinal dithiol reagent, phenylarsine oxide, eliminated the rapid reaction with
      the disulfide. Evidence is presented that the same disulfide bond was formed in
      the reactions with 5-thiocyano-2-nitrobenzoic acid and FSO2BzAdo. Inactivation by
      FSO2BzAdo was a pseudo-first-order reaction. The concentration dependence of the
      rate is consistent with the reaction proceeding through a noncovalent complex (KI
      = 67 microM and k2 = 0.23 min-1 at pH 7.0, 30 degrees C). Protection from
      FSO2BzAdo by ATP required Mg2+ in excess of ATP with KMgATP = 4.5 microM at
      saturating free Mg2+ (0.1 M K+) and KMg2+ = 6.5 mM. KMgATP is close to Kd for the
      molecule of ATP that contributes the phosphoryl group of carbamylphosphate (H.B.
      Britton, V. Rubio, and S. Grisolia, (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 102, 521-530]; KMg2+
      agrees with the minimum value for the steady-state kinetic parameter, Ki,Mg2+,
      obtained under the same conditions. Dissociation constants for adenosine (320
      microM), MgADP (110 microM) at 10 mM Mg2+, and AcGlu (100 microM) were also
      estimated.

PMID- 4026317
TI  - The stability and transitions of tryptic-digested clathrin.
AB  - The pH-dependence of dissociation of trypsin-digested baskets has been determined
      by light scattering and compared with that of undigested baskets. Essentially no
      difference was found between the two types of baskets. The molecular transitions
      of clathrin derived from digested baskets have been studied by fluorescence
      spectra and polarization measurements and compared with those of undigested
      baskets. The transitions in both forms of clathrin were very similar. It is
      clear, therefore, that removal of about 1/3 of the mass from the distal portions
      of the arms of the clathrin triskelion does not affect its structural
      transitions. The interactions between clathrin molecules in the basket structure
      and those within the molecule appear, therefore, to remain intact in the smaller
      clathrin chains remaining after tryptic digestion. The function of the distal
      portion of the clathrin chain still awaits elucidation.

PMID- 4026318
TI  - Ultracentrifugation of concentrated biopolymer solutions and effect of ascorbate.
AB  - Highly concentrated solutions of bovine methemoglobin, human transferrin,
      proteoglycan-protein complex from bovine cartilage, and human hyaluronate were
      run to equilibrium in the preparative ultracentrifuge. The mass fraction, wo, of
      water in the compact part of the sediment ("the pellet") was studied as a
      function of the centrifugal force, ionic strength and pH. For the proteins, wo
      was close to 0.4 and varied only slightly on variation of the ionic strength and
      the force. For the proteoglycan-protein complex, wo was close to unity at low
      force but decreased sharply with increasing force, a finding which agrees well
      with the specific physical properties of the cartilage matrix. For hyaluronate,
      wo exceeded 0.8 even at the highest forces, but decreased sharply with increasing
      ionic strength. There appeared to be a relationship between wo and the
      carbohydrate mass fraction, wc, of the dry polymer material, wo increasing
      linearly with wc at 440,000g. A series of biologically or pharmacologically
      interesting substances was tested for a possible effect on wo of hyaluronate, and
      it was found that the addition of ascorbate (0.2 g/liter) caused a reduction of
      0.040 in wo, independent of the force at which this parameter was measured.
      Simultaneously, the sedimentation coefficient was doubled. These findings suggest
      that, on reacting with ascorbate, the hyaluronate molecule changes from a random
      coil to a more compact molecule.

PMID- 4026319
TI  - Purification and properties of cytochrome P-450 from homogenates of human fetal
      livers.
AB  - A form of cytochrome P-450, namely P-450HFLa of human fetal livers, was purified
      to a specific content of 12.6 nmol/mg protein. The cytochrome P-450 preparation
      was electrophoretically homogeneous and had an apparent monomeric molecular
      weight of 51,000 as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The cytochrome showed catalytic activities as oxidations of N
      methylaniline, ethylmorphine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethylnitrosamine,
      benzphetamine, aminopyrine, aniline, p-nitroanisole, and 7-ethoxycoumarin to
      various extents. In fetal liver homogenate, the amount of cytochrome P-450 that
      reacted with the antiserum to P-450HFLa accounted for more than 36% of the total
      cytochrome P-450 in three different fetal livers. On the other hand, the amount
      of P-450HFLa was less than 5% of the total cytochrome P-450 in adult liver
      microsomes.

PMID- 4026320
TI  - Secretion of a nonspecific lipid transfer protein by hepatoma cells in culture.
AB  - Nonspecific lipid transfer protein (sterol carrier protein2) has previously been
      proposed to function as (i) a catalyst for intracellular movement of newly
      synthesized phospholipid, (ii) a cofactor in the biosynthesis and metabolism of
      cholesterol, and (iii) a cofactor in the feedback inhibition of cholesterol
      synthesis. Each of these functions is based upon the premise that nonspecific
      lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) is cytosolic. However, evidence presented in this
      report suggests that, at least in the case of cultured hepatoma cells, nsLTP is
      secreted. This conclusion is supported by three observations. First, after
      culture of hepatoma cells for 10 h, 88% of the nsLTP (as judged by its
      phosphatidylethanolamine transfer activity) appears in the medium, whereas the
      cytosolic level of transfer activity remains unchanged. Furthermore, this is
      accompanied by the appearance in the medium of a polypeptide of Mr 12,200-12,500,
      which corresponds to the known molecular weight of nsLTP. Finally, it was
      observed that the appearance of both the activity and the polypeptide in the
      medium are inhibited by monensin, an inhibitor of secretion. Thus their
      appearance seems to represent secretion and not simply leakage from the cells.
      Further evidence that nsLTP does not play an important role in the cytosolic
      transport of phospholipid and sterol is provided by our observation that hepatoma
      cells containing a level of nsLTP only 10-15% of that found in liver nevertheless
      possess near-normal membrane phospholipid compositions and retain the ability to
      feedback-inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis.

PMID- 4026321
TI  - Rabbit antibodies against the human milk sialyloligosaccharide alditol of LS
      tetrasaccharide a (NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcOH).
AB  - The sialyloligosaccharide, NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1
      4Glc (LS-tetrasaccharide a), a minor component of human milk, is obtained in
      relatively large quantities from autohydrolysates of the major milk
      disialyloligosaccharide, NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3[NeuAc alpha 2-6]GlcNAc beta
      1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc (disialyllacto-N-tetraose). Rabbits immunized with an
      oligosaccharide-protein conjugate prepared from keyhole limpet hemocyanin and LS
      tetrasaccharide a produce antibodies directed against the corresponding
      oligosaccharide alditol. The anti-LS-tetrasaccharide a sera bind 3H-labeled LS
      tetrasaccharide a in a direct-binding radioimmunoassay on nitrocellulose filters.
      The specificities of these antibodies are determined by comparing inhibitory
      activities of structurally related oligosaccharides. Strong hapten-antibody
      binding (Ka greater than 10(6) M-1) requires sialic acid linked alpha 2-3 to the
      nonreducing terminal galactose residue of reduced lacto-N-tetraose (Gal beta 1
      3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcOH). Specificities of antibodies prepared against
      keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugates of LS-tetrasaccharide b (Gal beta 1-3[NeuAc
      alpha 2-6]GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc) and LS-tetrasaccharide c (NeuAc alpha 2
      6Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc) differ only slightly from rabbit
      antibodies prepared against the corresponding bovine serum albumin conjugates
      described previously [D. F. Smith and V. Ginsburg (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 55
      59].

PMID- 4026322
TI  - Multiple molecular forms of diarylpropane oxygenase, an H2O2-requiring, lignin
      degrading enzyme from Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
AB  - Three different molecular forms of the H2O2-requiring heme enzyme, diarylpropane
      oxygenase, were isolated from the extracellular medium of Na-acetate buffered,
      agitated cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Forms I, II, and III were
      separated by DEAE-Sepharose and further purified on Sephadex G-100. Absorption
      maxima of the native, reduced, and a variety of ligand complexes of the three
      enzyme forms are essentially identical, indicating similar heme environments. All
      forms also have similar, but not identical, reactivity. The homogeneous proteins
      oxidized a diarylpropane, an olefin, a beta-aryl ether dimer, a phenylpropane,
      phenylpropane diols, and veratryl alcohol. Identical products were produced from
      each form. However, the specific activities of the three homogeneous enzymes for
      veratryl alcohol oxidation were 18.75, 11.80, and 8.48 mumol min-1 mg-1. In the
      presence of one equivalent of H2O2 the Soret maximum of diarylpropane oxygenase
      II shifted from 408 to 418 nm, and two additional maxima appeared at 526 and 553
      nm, indicating the presence of an Fe(IV)-oxo species equivalent to horseradish
      peroxidase II. This oxidized species could be reduced back to the native form by
      veratryl alcohol and several reducing agents (e.g., Na2S2O4, NH2NH2, thiourea, or
      NADH). The molecular weights of diarylpropane oxygenases I, II, and III were
      approximately 39,000, 41,000, and 43,000, respectively. The major form (II) (85%
      of the activity) contained approximately 6% neutral carbohydrate. The affinity of
      the forms for concanavalin A-agarose suggests that they all are glycoenzymes.

PMID- 4026323
TI  - Diethylpyrocarbonate inactivation of NAD-malic enzyme from Ascaris suum.
AB  - Treatment with diethylpyrocarbonate results in a first-order loss of the malate
      oxidative decarboxylase activity of NAD-malic enzyme. First-order plots are
      biphasic, with about 40-50% activity loss in the first phase. The inactivation
      process is not saturable, and the second-order rate constant is 4.7 M-1 S-1.
      Malate (250 mM) provides complete protection against inactivation (as measured by
      a decrease in the inactivation rate), and less malate is required with Mg2+
      present. Partial protection (50%) is afforded by either NAD+ (1 mM) or Mg2+ (50
      mM). Treatment of modified (inactive) enzyme with hydroxylamine restores activity
      to 100% of the control when corrected for the effect of hydroxylamine on
      unmodified enzyme. A total of 10-13 histidine residues/subunit are acylated
      concomitant with loss of activity while 1-2 tyrosines are modified prior to any
      activity loss. The presence of Mg2+ and malate at saturating concentrations
      protect 1-2 histidine residues/subunit. The intrinsic fluorescence of the enzyme
      decreases with time after addition of diethylpyrocarbonate, but the rate constant
      for this process is at least 10-fold too low to account for the biphasicity
      observed in the first order plots. The histidine modified which is responsible
      for loss of activity has a pK of 8.3 as determined from the pH dependence of the
      rate of inactivation. The histidine titrated is still modified under conditions
      where the residue is completely protonated but at a rate 1/100 the rate of the
      unprotonated histidine. The results suggest that 1-2 histidines are in or near
      the malate binding site and are required for malate oxidative decarboxylation.

PMID- 4026324
TI  - Effects of glutathione depletion on gluconeogenesis in isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - Glutathione-depleted hepatocytes, by incubation with diethylmaleate (DEM) or
      phorone (2,6-dimethyl-2,5-heptadiene-4-one), i.e., substrates of the GSH S
      transferases (EC 2.5.1.18), showed rates of gluconeogenesis from various
      precursors significantly lower than controls; however the rate of glucose
      synthesis from fructose was similar to that of controls. Isolated hepatocytes
      from rats pretreated with those substrates 1 h before isolation to deplete
      hepatic glutathione (GSH) also showed a decrease of the rate of gluconeogenesis
      from lactate plus pyruvate. Incubation of hepatocytes with L-buthionine
      sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (EC
      6.3.2.2), resulted in a decreased rate of gluconeogenesis from lactate plus
      pyruvate only when GSH values were lower than 1 mumol/g cells. Freeze-clamped
      livers from GSH-depleted rats showed a higher concentration of malate and
      glycerol 3-phosphate, indicating that GSH depletion probably affects
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      activities. Several indicators of cell viability, such as lactate dehydrogenase
      leakage, malondialdehyde accumulation, ATP concentration, or urea synthesis from
      different precursors, were not affected by GSH depletion under the experimental
      conditions used here. Besides, the GSH/GSSG ratio remained unchanged in all
      cases.

PMID- 4026325
TI  - Evidence for lipid involvement in the high-affinity interaction between
      cimetidine and rat liver cytochrome P-450.
AB  - The spectral interaction between cimetidine and a cytochrome P-450 fraction
      isolated from liver of untreated rats has been shown to be markedly affected by
      dilauroylphosphatidylcholine. In the absence of the lipid the pigment preparation
      yielded a binding curve characteristic of a single isoenzyme species with low
      affinity for the drug, whereas its inclusion led to the observation of a much
      stronger interaction with a dissociation constant close to that obtained for the
      high-affinity component(s) of the parent microsomes; material with lower affinity
      was also observed. Gel chromatography and partition equilibrium studies yielded
      results which precluded interpretation of this finding either in terms of
      incomplete incorporation of the pigment into the phospholipid or of
      disproportionate solvation of cimetidine into the lipid phase of the
      reconstituted phospholipid complex. In contrast, phospholipid caused only a minor
      change in the strength of cimetidine binding by the predominant liver cytochrome
      P-450 from phenobarbitone-pretreated rats. Pronounced lipid sensitivity of
      cimetidine-binding affinity is thus not a general feature of the microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 system but rather a specific characteristic of individual
      isoenzyme species.

PMID- 4026326
TI  - Inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation by naphthoquinones: structure
      activity relationships and possible mechanisms of action.
AB  - Menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a remarkably potent inhibitor of
      microsomal lipid peroxidation, effective at submicromolar concentrations. Its
      possible mechanism of action and the relationship between naphthoquinone
      structure and antioxidant activity were the topics of this investigation. In the
      microsomal lipid-peroxidizing system dependent on NADPH and ferric pyrophosphate,
      menadione, at concentrations of 50 microM or higher virtually eliminated the
      accumulation of malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxides. In the NADPH
      independent, cumene hydroperoxide-dependent system, menadione was also an
      effective antioxidant, but only in the presence of reducing equivalents. These
      and other observations indicate that a reduced form of menadione, either the
      hydroquinone or semiquinone, is the active antioxidant, and suggest that it may
      trap hydroperoxy radicals, alkoxy radicals, or other free radicals involved in
      propagating lipid peroxidation. Moreover, these results show that electron
      diversion per se cannot account for the antioxidant effects of menadione. A
      comparison of the antioxidant activities of eight 1,4-naphthoquinones indicated
      that methyl substitution of C-2, lack of steric hindrance at C-3 or C-5, and (in
      the case of weak acids) a relatively high pKa are favorable structural features
      associated with strong antioxidant activity.

PMID- 4026328
TI  - [Current status of the human tumor clonogenic assay for gastrointestinal cancer].
AB  - The author reviewed his experience to date with chemosensitivity testing of 162
      gastric and 144 colorectal cancers. All human tumor clonogenic assays were
      performed using a double-layer soft agar system with continuous exposure of cells
      to one concentration of standard anticancer drugs. Significant growth was defined
      as greater than or equal to 30 colonies/control plate. Clinical responses were
      determined according to standard criteria. Forty-six per cent of gastric cancer
      specimens and 67% of colorectal cancer specimens plated produced significant
      growth in vitro. When greater than or equal to 50% inhibition of colony formation
      was used as the criterion for differentiating sensitivity from resistance, the
      assay was 67% (8/12) reliable for predicting in vivo sensitivity, and 91% (10/11)
      reliable for in vivo resistance.

PMID- 4026327
TI  - Isolation and characterization of mannan-binding proteins from chicken liver.
AB  - Two binding proteins which recognize and bind mannose and N-acetylglucosamine
      (mannan-binding proteins, MBP) have been isolated from chicken liver to near
      homogeneity mainly by affinity chromatography on a column of Sepharose 4B-mannan.
      The neutral binding protein (pI 7.0), which has a high glycine content, is an
      analog of mammalian liver MBP (F-I). F-I consists of a series of proteins
      composed of two subunits of 28,000 (A) and 32,000 (B) Da. The proteins have
      molecular weights ranging from 280,000 to 740,000 and subunit compositions
      ranging from 6A + 4B to 5A + 19B. With increasing molecular weight the specific
      activity of mannan binding increases gradually, accompanied by a slight change in
      specificity to a preference for mannose rather than N-acetylglucosamine. The
      acidic binding protein (pI 5.1) is a glycoprotein with a high glutamic acid
      content (F-II). The molecular weight of F-II was estimated to be 640,000, and it
      is composed of single subunits of 41,000 Da. The two MBPs isolated in this study
      are distinct from the liver lectin specific for N-acetylglucosamine-terminated
      glycoproteins isolated from the same source [T. Kawasaki and G. Ashwell (1977) J.
      Biol. Chem. 252, 6536-6543] in chemical properties and binding specificities.

PMID- 4026329
TI  - [Effect of preoperative intra-arterial infusion of adriamycin on locally advanced
      breast cancer].
AB  - The effect of adriamycin (ADM) infused intraarterially as a preoperative
      procedure was analyzed retrospectively in 15 patients with primary advanced
      breast cancer. A high clinical response rate (CR+ PR) of 73% (11/15) was obtained
      by the treatment, and also remarkable degenerative changes of tumor cells were
      histologically noted in 10 out of 15 surgical specimens (67%). A correlation
      between the dose of ADM infused and the rate of tumor regression was observed. A
      significantly higher concentration of ADM was detected in metastatic lymph nodes
      and tumors obtained 3-4 weeks after intra-arterial infusion of ADM than that in
      normal mammary gland. As for side effects, alopecia, leukocytopenia, anorexia,
      nausea and vomiting occurred at high frequencies. The side effects due to this
      treatment were considered to be tolerable. Prognostically, a good survival rate
      was not observed using preoperative treatment with intra-arterial ADM infusion.

PMID- 4026330
TI  - [Experience in local hyperthermia with using ThermaTech 2000--second report].
AB  - In the use of hyperthermia treatment, it is apparent from the work of other
      investigators that only a proportion of large clinical neoplastic tumors of
      substantial size and deep location can be heated to adequate temperatures (over
      42 degrees c). It is therefore of major significance that we have tested the
      concept that OK-432 can be used as an immunoheat potentiator. A ThermaTech 2000
      was used as the radio-frequency generator at 13.56 MHz, including an ancillary
      computer in the thermometry unit. Minor response in advanced and metastatic
      tumors was observed in 3 of 3 evaluable patients using OK-432. With other
      anticancer drugs, no change was observed in 11 of 16 patients, and progressive
      disease in 5 of 16. However, OK-432 has severe side effects including chills &
      fever, therefore improved immunoheat potentiators are desirable.

PMID- 4026331
TI  - [Microvascular architecture of human gastrointestinal and breast cancer
      xenografts in nude mice, and its relation to chemosensitivity].
AB  - As a tumor factor possibly responsible for chemosensitivity of human cancer
      xenografts in nude mice, the vascular architecture of tumors growing in mice was
      investigated in 15 kinds of cancer lines. These consisted of 7 gastric, 3
      colorectal, 3 breast and 2 pancreatic cancers. Whole body angiograms of tumor
      bearing mice were obtained by perfusing a radiopaque silicone rubber compound
      (Microfil) through the left ventricle of each mouse. Each cancer retained a
      characteristic vascular architecture comparable to its histopathological finding.
      According to the vascularity of the viable part of the tumor, the 15 lines of
      cancer were classified into 5 groups. Compared with colorectal cancers, stomach
      cancers had a tendency to decline to a more hypervascular group. There was no
      apparent relation between vascularity and growth rate, or histological
      differentiation of the tumors. Among 14 anticancer agents studied, statistically
      significant correlation between chemosensitivity and vascularity of the 15 cancer
      lines was observed in 2 drugs, 5'-DFUR and adriamycin. The vascular architecture
      of the tumors would have some influence in their chemosensitivity through drug
      accessibility to cancer cells.

PMID- 4026332
TI  - [Changes in tumor transvascular pressure difference associated with tumor growth:
      implications for angiotensin-induced hypertension chemotherapy].
AB  - In order to further elucidate the mechanism of drug delivery to tumor tissue,
      changes in tumor vessel pressure and interstitial fluid pressure associated with
      tumor growth were measured by means of a compression method and a micro-occlusion
      method and a diffusion chamber method, respectively. Tumor interstitial fluid
      pressure was always positive and much higher than that in the normal subcutis.
      Furthermore the pressure became higher as the tumor mass grew. Conversely, tumor
      vessel pressure was reduced with tumor growth. Increase in the interstitial fluid
      pressure and slight decrease in the tumor vessel pressure should together result
      in a reduction of the hydrostatic pressure difference between the intravascular
      and extravascular space of the tumor, which seems to be one of the important
      factors influencing fluid exchange and drug delivery. However, the transvascular
      pressure gradient in the tumor was increased under angiotensin-induced
      hypertension, resulting in advantageous conditions for drug delivery.

PMID- 4026333
TI  - [Analysis of chemosensitivity against a human breast cancer xenograft (MX-1) with
      the subrenal capsule assay in BDF1 mice].
AB  - The antitumor activity of 27 anticancer drugs against a human breast cancer tumor
      (MX-1) has been studied using the subrenal capsule assay developed by A.E. Bogden
      et al. in 1978. Without immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide, BDF1 mice
      transplanted with MX-1 were treated with various drugs. The antitumor activity
      was evaluated by the tumor growth inhibition rate on day 6 after treatment. Among
      the 27 anticancer drugs tested, 10 compounds (37%) which showed more than 75%
      tumor growth inhibition rate were considered to be active. On the other hand, 8
      compounds out of 27 drugs (30%) which showed less than 50% tumor growth
      inhibition rate were considered to be inactive. When the antitumor activity
      between the subrenal capsule assay in BDF1 mice and the subcutaneous
      transplantation assay in nude mice were compared, both assays were well
      correlated (r = 0.787, p less than 0.001). These results suggest that the
      antitumor activity of drugs can be evaluated faster, cheaper and easier by the
      subrenal capsule assay compared with the subcutaneous transplantation assay in
      nude mice.

PMID- 4026334
TI  - [Change of acid phosphatase activity in granulocytes from patients with
      carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 4026335
TI  - Neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis. Defective lamellar body contents
      and intracellular dispersion.
AB  - Although the link between epidermal lamellar body lipids and stratum corneum
      barrier function is well established, a role for lamellar body lipids in
      desquamation remains unproved. We examined skin biopsy material from three family
      members of a Palestinian kindred with a multisystem disorder of altered lipid
      metabolism, ichthyosis, and deposition of fat droplets in multiple tissues
      (Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, neutral lipid storage disease). Thin-section and
      freeze-fracture ultrastructural studies revealed a distinctive lamellar body
      abnormality: multilaminated spherules that distorted and displaced the normal
      internal disk structure of these organelles. Whereas these spherules remained
      interspersed with secreted lamellar body contents within the intercellular spaces
      of the outer epidermis, at the stratum granulosum-stratum corneum interface they
      apparently dispersed into electron-lucent "slits." These studies therefore
      provide strong support for the concept that lamellar body-derived lipids
      influence stratum corneum desquamation and further suggest that abnormalities of
      neutral lipid-alkane metabolism influence normal epidermal shedding.

PMID- 4026336
TI  - Hair casts. A clinical and morphologic study.
AB  - Idiopathic hair casts are described in two girls aged 5 and 7 years. A 0.025%
      tretinoin lotion seemed effective in removing the casts. Investigations,
      including light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, suggest an
      infrainfundibular origin for these lesions, because both inner and outer root
      sheath components were observed in the transverse sections of the casts. A
      comprehensive review of the literature enabled us to classify the patients into
      two distinct groups: group 1 consisted of patients with idiopathic disease,
      showing a diffuse pattern of involvement, and group 2 consisted of patients with
      disease secondary to a variety of inflammatory scalp disorders.

PMID- 4026337
TI  - Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. A new variant characterized by progressive
      symmetrical centripetal involvement with scarring.
AB  - A patient is reported with a form of epidermolysis bullosa, hitherto undescribed
      to the best of our knowledge, characterized by the slow centripetal progression
      of symmetrical blister formation, milia, scarring, atrophy, and nail dystrophy.
      Electron microscopy, immunofluorescence mapping, and KF-1 monoclonal antibody
      studies confirm this disease to be a form of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa,
      probably of autosomal recessive transmission despite the absence of acral
      deformities, contractures, mucosal involvement, and growth retardation.

PMID- 4026338
TI  - Yellow staining caused by 4,4'-methylenedianiline exposure. Occurrence among
      molded plastics workers.
AB  - Workers engaged in a molded plastics operation were studied to determine the
      etiology of yellow staining reactions involving the skin, nails, and hair. A walk
      through survey of the facility, medical interviews, physical examinations, and
      blood and urine tests were performed. 4,4'-Methylenedianiline (MDA), a component
      chemical of the manufacturing process, produced intense yellow discoloration of
      nitrocellulose paper in the laboratory and appeared to volatilize readily under
      ambient conditions. Thirty-five (65%) of 54 process workers showed varying
      degrees of staining while 11 workers employed in other parts of the factory
      showed no staining. Yellow staining was restricted to areas of the body where
      direct contact with MDA appeared likely. Laboratory studies did not provide
      evidence of systemic toxic effect. Because MDA is a known hepatotoxin for man,
      with carcinogenic properties in animal test systems, it is important to recognize
      yellow staining as a cutaneous marker of exposure to this chemical.

PMID- 4026339
TI  - Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (Hoffman). Complete healing
      associated with oral zinc therapy.
AB  - A 24-year-old man with a one-year history of perifolliculitis capitis abscedens
      et suffodiens (Hoffman) was treated with oral zinc sulfate. Complete healing was
      seen after three months and the treatment was continued for a total of six
      months. No relapse has occurred during a five-year follow-up. The mechanisms
      through which zinc therapy might influence inflammatory conditions are not fully
      understood.

PMID- 4026341
TI  - Congenital arrector pili hamartoma. A case report and review of the spectrum of
      Becker's melanosis and pilar smooth-muscle hamartoma.
AB  - Congenital pigmented arrector pili hamartomas are unique malformations of
      epidermis and pilar apparatus usually appearing as localized, lightly pigmented,
      hairy plaques. Characteristic microscopic features include smooth-muscle
      proliferation similar to irregularly disposed arrectores pilorum, and slight
      elongation of epidermal rete with hypermelanosis of the basal unit. An otherwise
      normally developed child who had this hamartoma at birth is described in an
      attempt to clarify the relationship between pilar smooth-muscle hamartomas and
      Becker's melanosis. We propose that these two entities belong at different poles
      of the same developmental spectrum of hamartomatous change.

PMID- 4026342
TI  - Pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma of the hand associated with an acquired, iatrogenic
      arteriovenous fistula.
AB  - Pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma has been associated, in most cases, with an underlying
      congenital arteriovenous (AV) fistula. A patient with chronic renal failure and
      an acquired, iatrogenic AV fistula in his left wrist for hemodialysis developed
      pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma on his left hand three years after placement of the AV
      fistula. Histologic findings included a proliferation of superficial dermal
      vessels and fibroblasts, extravasated red blood cells, and occasional fibrin
      thrombi in vessels. To our knowledge, this is the third case of an association
      between pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma and an acquired, iatrogenic AV fistula, and the
      first to involve the hand. Pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma occurs in association with
      underlying congenital and acquired AV fistulas.

PMID- 4026340
TI  - Acquired progressive kinking of hair. Report of six cases and review of
      literature.
AB  - Acquired progressive kinking of hair is an entity distinct from woolly hair in
      its onset at or after puberty, predominant involvement of frontal, temporal, and
      vertex regions of the scalp as well as the supra-auricular and postauricular
      margins, and a tendency for affected hairs to resemble pubic hair both in texture
      and color. We consider the condition to be androgen dependent and likely to
      progress to male pattern baldness. The condition "whisker hair" is probably a
      variant of acquired progressive kinking of hair.

PMID- 4026343
TI  - Epidermotropic metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Report of two cases showing
      histologic continuity between epidermis and metastasis.
AB  - Two unusual cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) metastatic to skin from
      distant sites occurred. In both metastatic sites, the malignant squamous
      epithelium fused with benign surface epithelium, and the resulting transition
      simulated that typically seen in primary cutaneous SCCa. We believe that this
      previously unreported phenomenon is an expression of the natural tendency of
      squamous epithelium to "heal" denuded connective tissue surfaces by proliferation
      followed by epithelial fusion. Because epithelial continuity can be established
      between benign keratinocytes and metastatic SCCa, one cannot rely on this single
      morphologic finding to separate primary from metastatic disease.

PMID- 4026344
TI  - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus following radiation therapy.
AB  - Several years after postmastectomy radiation therapy, lichen sclerosus et
      atrophicus (LSA) developed in two patients within the radiation fields. This
      sequence, to our knowledge, has not previously been described. The etiology of
      LSA is largely unknown, but trauma has been implicated as a provoking factor in
      some cases, and LSA might be an isomorphic response to the trauma of radiation
      therapy.

PMID- 4026345
TI  - A syndrome with nodular erythema, elongated and thickened fingers, and
      emaciation.
AB  - A 5-year-old boy had a nodular erythema, elongated and thickened fingers, and
      emaciation. His condition was a rare congenital disease inherited as an autosomal
      recessive trait. Eleven cases have been previously reported in the Japanese
      literature. The onset is early in childhood, and nodular erythema is an essential
      and initial finding. Growth retardation and emaciation progress slowly with age.
      The characteristic clinical features include large eyes, nose, lips, and ears,
      disproportionately long and thick fingers, and the loss of adipose tissue from
      the upper half of the body. Cardiomegaly and hypertrophy of the periosteum of the
      phalanges have been described in some cases.

PMID- 4026346
TI  - Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis. A 15-year follow-up.
AB  - A 37-year-old man was seen because of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis that had been
      present since he was 2 to 3 years old. His case illustrates the progressive
      nature of the disease, and during the years attempts to treat the condition were
      as mutilating in some cases as the disease itself.

PMID- 4026347
TI  - Acute skin manifestations of Conradi-Huenermann syndrome in a male adult.
AB  - A man displayed the acute inflammatory cutaneous manifestations and the late
      "incontinentia pigmenti-like" lesions of Conradi-Huenermann subgroup B of
      chondrodysplasia punctata. The case appears as unique in the literature in that,
      to our knowledge, both kinds of skin changes have been described only in newborns
      or early in infancy.

PMID- 4026349
TI  - Removal of congenital nevocytic nevi.

PMID- 4026348
TI  - Cutaneous protothecosis presenting as recurrent chromomycosis.
AB  - Chromomycosis and protothecosis are both rare cutaneous infections. We report a
      case in which protothecosis mimicked a relapse of chromomycosis both clinically
      and on special stains. The chromomycosis responded to local excision and
      ketoconazole therapy. The protothecosis failed to respond to ketoconazole but
      resolved with combined amphotericin B and tetracycline hydrochloride therapy.

PMID- 4026350
TI  - Hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans.

PMID- 4026351
TI  - Pigmentatio reticularis faciei et colli.

PMID- 4026352
TI  - Proliferation of melanocytes in keratoacanthoma.

PMID- 4026353
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma localized to the site of previous vascular surgery.

PMID- 4026354
TI  - The double-edge knife.

PMID- 4026355
TI  - Application of topical corticosteroids.

PMID- 4026356
TI  - Effect of varying water intake on renal function in healthy preterm babies.
AB  - Renal control of water and electrolyte homeostasis was studied in 10 healthy
      babies (gestation 29 to 34 weeks; birthweight 1.19 to 2.19 kg) while water intake
      was varied. Glomerular filtration rate and urine flow were estimated daily from
      spot plasma and urine samples for six days using a constant inulin infusion, and
      simultaneous sodium, potassium, osmolar, and free water clearances were
      calculated. The infusion was started at an average age of 14 hours. Each baby
      received a total fluid intake of 96 ml/kg daily on study days 1, 2, and 5, and
      about 200 ml/kg on study days 3, 4, and 6. Daily sodium intake was kept constant
      at 3 mmol/kg. At the end of the first study day the babies were undergoing a
      diuresis, but thereafter their estimated daily water balances remained stable
      regardless of intake. Glomerular filtration remained stable; alterations in urine
      flow reflected a change in the percentage of filtrate excreted. Plasma
      electrolytes and osmolality were stable throughout, and on study days 2 to 6 the
      urinary excretion rates of sodium, potassium, and other osmoles remained the same
      regardless of urine flow. The delivery of sodium to the distal tubule was
      estimated to be between 17 and 20% of the filtered load. Well preterm babies can
      cope with daily water intakes between 96 and 200 ml/kg from the third day of
      life.

PMID- 4026357
TI  - Renal response to frusemide in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome
      during the first three postnatal days.
AB  - The renal effects of frusemide treatment in infants with respiratory distress
      syndrome shortly after birth and during the first three postnatal days were
      evaluated. Eighty five infants were randomly assigned to two groups. Forty two
      received three doses of intravenous frusemide (1 mg/kg) starting at age, mean
      (SD) 7.5 (4.1) hours and given at approximately 24 hour intervals. Forty three
      control infants were treated similarly but were not given frusemide. The groups
      were comparable in birthweight, gestational age, and Apgar score and in pulmonary
      status, blood gases, serum electrolytes, and postnatal age. Infants who received
      frusemide had significantly higher fractional excretion of sodium and chloride at
      12 to 24, 24 to 48, and 48 to 72 hours, and higher calcium excretion at 24 to 48
      and 48 to 72 hours after entry into the study than control infants. The study
      group had a significantly higher urine output and greater weight loss than the
      control group at 48 to 72 hours after entry into the study. There was no
      significant difference between groups in serum sodium, potassium, and calcium and
      in fractional excretion of potassium and the glomerular filtration rate. Infants
      with an Apgar score of more than 3 had higher urine output and had a better
      diuretic response to frusemide than those with a lower score. The results suggest
      that perinatal hypoxia may play an important role in renal function and in
      diuretic response to frusemide shortly after birth and early in the postnatal
      life of infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 4026359
TI  - Admission to hospital with asthma.
AB  - The circumstances surrounding 142 hospital admissions for acute asthma in 110
      children during a one year period were examined. Thirty four of 106 (32%)
      children with previous wheezing had not been diagnosed as asthmatic, nor received
      effective antiasthmatic medication. Nineteen of 36 (53%) known, but undertreated,
      asthmatics were under the care of the hospital paediatricians. Twenty-four of 58
      (41%) regular school attenders had missed more than 11 days' school in the
      previous year. Good parental understanding of their child's illness was strongly
      associated with adequate treatment. Parental understanding was, however, poor in
      58 of 137 (42%) admissions. Control of inadequately treated chronic symptoms was
      obtained by simple and straightforward changes in treatment.

PMID- 4026358
TI  - Factors associated with the blood pressures of children born to women who were
      hypertensive during pregnancy.
AB  - At age 7.5 years the supine blood pressures of 216 children born to women who had
      been hypertensive during pregnancy were recorded. No associations were found
      between the blood pressures of the children and their mothers. The blood
      pressures of children whose mothers received methyldopa during pregnancy did not
      differ from those of children whose mothers had no specific treatment. Four boys
      whose mothers had taken methyldopa for more than 150 days had significantly lower
      systolic and diastolic pressures than those in whom the treatment had been of
      shorter duration. Significant findings from multiple regression analyses were:
      positive associations between boys' systolic and diastolic pressures and current
      weight, and diastolic pressure and maternal weight; negative associations between
      boys' systolic and diastolic pressures and birthweight; and a positive
      association between girls' systolic pressure and current weight.

PMID- 4026360
TI  - Copper deficiency in the preterm infant of very low birthweight. Four cases and a
      reference range for plasma copper.
AB  - Four preterm infants of very low birthweight (less than 1500 g) developed signs
      of copper deficiency between age 8 and 10 weeks. All had required prolonged
      ventilatory support, parenteral nutrition, and nasojejunal feeding. The clinical
      features, which included osteoporosis, oedema, anaemia, neutropenia, and late
      apnoea improved when the oral copper intake was increased. Diagnosis was made
      more difficult because a suitable reference range for plasma copper was not
      available. Serial measurements of plasma copper in 39 preterm infants who had no
      important medical problems were used to produce a reference range for plasma
      copper from 30 weeks' gestation to term plus seven weeks. This information will
      aid recognition of hypocupraemia in the very low birthweight infant who is
      particularly at risk of copper deficiency.

PMID- 4026361
TI  - Wilson's disease: assessment of D-penicillamine treatment.
AB  - Serum copper and zinc concentrations and 24 hour urinary copper and zinc
      excretion were determined serially from the beginning of treatment with D
      penicillamine in four children with Wilson's disease. The data show a progressive
      decrease in both serum copper and zinc concentrations in all. Urinary copper
      excretion gradually levelled off to approximately 50% of initial values, but zinc
      excretion increased. Urinary zinc:copper ratios therefore increased with the
      duration of treatment. Copper elimination was considered adequate as soon as
      challenge with a test dose of D-penicillamine did not result in an increase in
      copper excretion. Urinary zinc excretion was increased further by the test dose.
      Zinc depletion was suspected clinically in one patient on D-penicillamine
      maintenance treatment. Lowering the dose alleviated the symptoms, urinary zinc
      loss decreased from 64 to 34 mumol/24 hours, and copper excretion remained
      largely unchanged. Data obtained indicate that D-penicillamine alters the
      metabolism of both copper and zinc. The extent of this is not only dose dependent
      but is also related to the efficacy of copper elimination. Both copper and zinc
      concentrations must by monitored to assess the benefits of treatment and the
      risks of inducing manifest or subclinical zinc deficiency.

PMID- 4026362
TI  - Oral zinc sulphate for Wilson's disease.
AB  - After initial promotion of copper excretion with D-penicillamine, the effect of
      oral zinc sulphate (3 X 150 mg/day, loading dose; 3 X 100 mg/day, maintenance
      dose) in two children with clinically stable Wilson's disease was evaluated after
      completion of three years' treatment. The course, judged by clinical,
      biochemical, and histological parameters was satisfactory in both. The urinary
      copper concentration reverted to less than 1.26 mumol/24 hours; and the serum
      copper concentration decreased further during zinc sulphate treatment. In one
      child the rise in 24 hour urinary copper excretion observed after a challenge
      dose of D-penicillamine (+/- 20 mg/kg) remained constant throughout the period of
      observation while the liver copper content fell from 1460 micrograms/g dry weight
      to 890 micrograms/g dry weight. In the other patient, however, the liver copper
      content as well as the 24 hour urinary copper excretion increased after D
      penicillamine challenge during the third year of treatment. We conclude that zinc
      sulphate is a low toxic and well tolerated alternative for D-penicillamine. The
      dosage depends, however, on individual factors not yet well understood, and we
      recommend restriction of its use to patients who do not tolerate D-penicillamine
      well. We suggest monitoring of treatment with yearly D-penicillamine challenge
      and a liver biopsy if liver function deteriorates.

PMID- 4026363
TI  - Maternal serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in pregnancies associated
      with neural tube defects.
AB  - Serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in early pregnancy were compared for
      32 mothers with pregnancies affected by neural tube defects and 395 randomly
      selected pregnant control women from the same maternity hospitals. No significant
      differences were found between the affected mothers and the controls in the
      median values and frequency distributions of either vitamin. Sixteen of the
      samples from mothers whose infants had neural tube defects were taken between 9
      and 13 weeks' gestation and 11 of these had both serum folate and vitamin B12
      concentrations within the normal ranges for our laboratory. These findings are
      discussed in relation to the concept of folate deficiency as a major factor in
      the aetiology of neural tube defects.

PMID- 4026364
TI  - Rectal examination and acute appendicitis.
AB  - A correct diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made in 90% of 103 children on the
      basis of history and abdominal findings. Preoperative rectal examination altered
      management only twice, and postoperatively was a poor indicator of pelvic sepsis.

PMID- 4026365
TI  - Intravenous immunoglobulin for neonatal isoimmune thrombocytopenia.
AB  - An infant with severe, isoimmune thrombocytopenia secondary to maternal anti-Pla
      1 immunisation was treated successfully by intravenous gammaglobulin (400 mg/kg
      per day for five days). This treatment compared with Pla 1 negative platelet
      transfusions is discussed.

PMID- 4026366
TI  - Inguinal hernias are common in preterm infants.
AB  - The incidence of inguinal hernia was compared in term and preterm infants. The
      risk was considerably higher in the preterm group in both sexes. No particular
      complications of preterm birth were found to predispose to inguinal hernia.

PMID- 4026367
TI  - Recurrent infections with IgG2 deficiency.
AB  - An 11 year old girl with retarded growth, recurrent infections, bronchiectasis,
      and normal serum immunoglobulin concentrations had a combined deficit of the IgG2
      subclass and IgG and IgM specific antibodies. Immunoglobulin replacement was
      followed by clinical improvement. The importance of determining both IgG
      subclasses and antibody activity in patients with recurrent infections and normal
      serum immunoglobulin values is emphasised.

PMID- 4026368
TI  - Parents' understanding of coeliac disease and diet.
AB  - Parents of 50 children with coeliac disease were questioned about their knowledge
      of the disorder and the child's dietary compliance. Twenty of 50 parents admitted
      that compliance was less than strict. This correlated with poor knowledge of the
      disease which in turn was related to the family's social status. Membership of
      the Coeliac Society (23 of 50) correlated with both parental understanding and
      dietary compliance. Greater emphasis on dietary compliance and education of
      parents and patients is required.

PMID- 4026369
TI  - Prevention of spread of echovirus 6 in a special care baby unit.
AB  - A case of fatal neonatal infection with enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus
      (echovirus) type 6 is presented. The measures taken to prevent further spread of
      infection with special reference to the use of human normal immunoglobulin are
      described.

PMID- 4026370
TI  - Neonatal urinary ascites.
AB  - Two neonates with spontaneous rupture of the bladder and an otherwise normal
      genitourinary tract are described. Conservative management resulted in complete
      resolution of the lesion in one but the other child died from a coliform
      septicaemia. Necropsy showed a discrete ischaemic lesion in the fundus of the
      bladder.

PMID- 4026371
TI  - Passenger safety in cars.
AB  - Comparison of child passengers between January 1983 and 1984 showed an increased
      use of rear safety restraints after the wearing of front seat belts became
      mandatory. In 1984, however, only 25% of children were restrained, most commonly
      in a safety seat.

PMID- 4026372
TI  - Hysteria.

PMID- 4026373
TI  - Metabolic bone disease in preterm infants.

PMID- 4026374
TI  - Coagulation disturbances and fulminant liver failure.

PMID- 4026375
TI  - Munchausen's syndrome and child psychiatrists.

PMID- 4026377
TI  - Mast cells and macrophages in early relapsing psoriasis.
AB  - Five patients with widespread plaque-type psoriasis were treated continuously
      with clobetasol under occlusion. Clinical healing was seen after 6-10 days of
      treatment. All plaques treated in this way clinically relapsed approximately 12
      days later. During the period of remission, sequential biopsies were taken and
      prepared for light and electron microscopy. Histologically, the earliest
      indications of relapse were endothelial alterations (swelling, intercellular
      widening) followed by the appearance of mast cells around the postcapillary
      venules; these mast cells showed signs of degranulation. Hours later, activated
      macrophages showing pericellular edema were present, and these migrated into the
      epidermis soon after. Associated with the presence of macrophages, there was a
      complete loss of desmosome-tonofilament complexes. Later, lymphocytes and
      neutrophils were seen. Under these experimental conditions, the psoriatic-tissue
      alterations appear to have been initiated by degranulating mast cells as well as
      by macrophages which later invaded the epidermis.

PMID- 4026376
TI  - IgA anti-endomysial antibody detection in the serum of patients with dermatitis
      herpetiformis following gluten challenge.
AB  - This study reports the appearance of IgA-class anti-endomysial antibodies in the
      serum of 8 out of 12 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis who were challenged
      with gluten after a number of years of control of the rash with a strict gluten
      free diet. Although there was no evidence for the antibodies having any
      pathogenic role in the rash of dermatitis herpetiformis, their presence may be
      related to the deterioration in the gluten-sensitive enteropathy.

PMID- 4026378
TI  - Nevoid malignant melanoma.
AB  - Primary cutaneous malignant melanomas with histological features suggestive of
      benign nevocytic nevi were studied. From a total of about 3,500 cases, 33
      patients with sufficient records, histological slides, and follow-up (at least 5
      years for disease-free cases) were found; 15 of them had developed metastases,
      and 8 had died of disseminated melanoma. Some of the following histological
      characteristics were always observed: cellular atypia, mitoses, infiltration of
      adnexa, and in the deeper dermis, infiltrative growth, pigmented tumor cells,
      sharply demarcated tumor nests, and the absence of maturation. Tumor thickness
      was the most important prognostic criterion. Clinically, the tumors corresponded
      to nodular and superficial spreading melanomas. It is concluded that, in rare
      instances, malignant melanomas strongly resemble benign melanocytic/nevocytic
      nevi. Such cases do not appear to have a lower degree of malignancy and should be
      treated as normal malignant melanomas.

PMID- 4026379
TI  - Collagen synthesis in scleroderma: selection of fibroblast populations during
      subcultures.
AB  - In progressive systemic scleroderma, excessive deposition of collagen leads to
      fibrosis of several tissues including the skin. It has been found that different
      populations of fibroblasts are present in scleroderma skin; these can be obtained
      by establishing cell cultures from different layers of the involved skin.
      Excessive overproduction of collagen was noted in primary cultures of cells
      obtained from deeper layers of the skin of patients in an early stage of the
      disease, whereas control fibroblasts did not manifest significant variations
      dependent on the layers of skin used to initiate the cultures. The synthesis of
      type-I and -III collagen was found to be altered concomitantly. The production of
      collagen and collagenous proteins was then followed during subcultivations of
      overproducing fibroblasts. In many cell strains, increased synthesis of collagen
      and/or non-collagenous proteins had already been lost after the first
      subcultivation, whereas overproduction was stable in others. However, after five
      passages, most of the cultures showed normal collagen synthesis, which probably
      indicates a loss of phenotype due to successive subcultures or overgrowth by
      another population of fibroblasts.

PMID- 4026380
TI  - Deoxythymidine pools in animal and human skin with reference to antiviral drugs.

PMID- 4026381
TI  - Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa treated unsuccessfully with oral zinc.

PMID- 4026382
TI  - Neuropathy target esterase in human lymphocytes.
AB  - Measurement of neuropathy target esterase activity (NTE) in blood lymphocytes has
      been suggested as a possible biomonitor for organophosphate-induced delayed
      polyneuropathy. Human lymphocyte NTE was characterized in vitro according to the
      sensitivity to several organophosphate inhibitors, which was found similar to
      that of the nervous system enzyme. Methods for collection, storage, and
      processing of blood and the NTE assay are described (averaged coefficient of
      variation of the method is 8%). The mean (+/- SD) value of lymphocyte NTE
      activity in a caucasian population (108 healthy subjects) was 11.5 +/- 2.5
      nMoles/min X mg of protein. No sex or age differences were detected. The averaged
      intraindividual coefficient of variation was 10.1%. These results suggest the
      feasibility of the test in clinical conditions, a sufficient reproducibility of
      the test, and a large interindividual variation. Appropriate baseline values are
      advisable when using the test to evaluate the effects of an occupational exposure
      to organophosphorus esters which may cause delayed polyneuropathy.

PMID- 4026383
TI  - Ultra-weak chemiluminescence of smokers' blood.
AB  - An extremely sensitive single photon counter was developed that could
      quantitatively detect very weak, spontaneous light emission from human blood
      samples. Ultra-weak chemiluminescence intensities of cigarette smokers' blood
      plasma reached significantly higher levels than those of nonsmokers. Elevated
      levels of the chemiluminescence of the smokers' plasma returned to the
      nonsmokers' range within 12 hr after cessation of cigarette smoking. We propose
      that this higher chemiluminescent property of the smokers' plasma might be
      somehow related to cigarette smoking-associated health disorders, e.g.,
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4026385
TI  - Investigation of potential health effects associated with well water chemical
      contamination in Londonderry Township, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
AB  - A community health survey was conducted by the Pennsylvania Department of Health
      in Londonderry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in response to concerns
      about potential health effects associated with residential exposure to chemical
      contaminants in well water. The data indicate that there were no observable
      adverse health effects in the exposed group of residents, compared with the
      control group, which could be ascribed to long-term, low-level exposure to
      trichloroethylene (TCE) and other volatile organic chemicals. Significantly more
      individuals in the exposed group than in the control group experienced eye
      irritation, diarrhea, and sleepiness during the 12-month period prior to the
      survey. This indicated the possibility of an association of contaminated water
      with the manifestation of symptoms. It is hypothesized that the increased rate of
      symptoms observed in the exposed group, when compared to the control group, may
      have been caused by one or more of the following factors: (1) effect of TCE at a
      threshold level higher than 28 ppb, (2) effect of a single chemical entity other
      than TCE, and (3) additive or synergistic effects of several chemicals. It is
      also possible that there are factors other than water contaminants associated
      with the recorded symptoms, e.g., stress, that may have had an important
      influence in the exposed group but not in the control group.

PMID- 4026384
TI  - Mercury uptake in vivo by normal and acatalasemic mice exposed to metallic
      mercury vapor (203Hg degrees) and injected with metallic mercury or mercuric
      chloride (203HgCl2).
AB  - Levels of mercury in the brain and liver of acatalasemic mice immediately
      following exposure to metallic mercury vapor or injection of metallic mercury
      were higher than those found in normal mice. Acatalasemic mice had decreased
      levels of mercury in the blood and kidneys when the levels were compared with
      those of normal mice, which indicated that catalase plays a role in oxidizing and
      taking up mercury. Thus, the brain/blood or liver/blood ratio of mercury
      concentration in acatalasemic mice was significantly higher than that of normal
      mice. These results suggest that metallic mercury in the blood easily passed
      through the blood-brain or blood-liver barrier. The levels of mercury
      distribution to the kidneys of normal and acatalasemic mice, 1 hr after injection
      of mercuric chloride solution, were higher than that of normal and acatalasemic
      mice, respectively, 1 hr after injection of metallic mercury.

PMID- 4026386
TI  - Pentachlorophenol intoxication: report of a fatal case, with comments on the
      clinical course and pathologic anatomy.
AB  - A case of a 33-yr-old man who died following occupational exposure to
      pentachlorophenol is presented. Postmortem examination revealed cerebral edema
      and fatty degeneration of the viscera. Review of the literature indicates that
      the clinical syndrome of poisoning with the compound results from mitochondrial
      toxicity with derangement of aerobic metabolism.

PMID- 4026387
TI  - Byssinosis: thromboxane release from human platelets by cotton dust and bract
      extracts.
AB  - Extracts of cotton dust and bract induced in vitro release of arachidonic acid
      metabolite thromboxane A2 (TxA2), a potent bronchoconstricting agent, from human
      platelets. TxA2 release, determined by radioimmunoassay of the stabile metabolite
      TxB2, was both time- and dose-dependent. Cotton green bract extract was
      significantly more potent in releasing TxA2 from human platelets than cotton dust
      extract or cotton brown bract (field-dried bract) extract, while brown bract
      extract was least active, which suggests that the etiological agent(s) is of
      plant origin and not microbial in nature. TxA2 release was shown to be enzyme
      dependent by inhibition of the reaction by indomethacin (cyclooxygenase
      inhibitor) and 7-(1-imidazolyl) heptanoic acid (thromboxane synthetase
      inhibitor). This study is the first to show in vitro platelet TxA2 release by
      cotton extracts and may provide an explanation for increased concentrations of
      TxB2, a metabolite of TxA2, in the bronchoalveolar spaces of rabbits exposed to
      aerosolized cotton dust extract. Platelet aggregation and production of TxA2 may
      prove to be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of bronchoconstriction in
      byssinosis.

PMID- 4026388
TI  - Baseline level of blood lead concentration among Japanese farmers.
AB  - Lead concentrations were determined for more than 2500 blood samples (more than
      2000 winter samples and approximately 500 summer samples) collected from farmers
      in various parts of Japan to establish reliable baselines for blood lead levels;
      the analysis was conducted in a single laboratory to avoid any inter-laboratory
      errors. Blood lead levels distributed log-normally with a geometric mean (i.e., a
      geometric standard deviation) of 48.6 micrograms/L (1.51) for males and 32.1
      micrograms/L (1.50) for females. The levels observed were among the lowest in the
      industrialized countries of the world. The sex difference was significant (P less
      than .01) while the difference in Pb-B between winter and summer was essentially
      insignificant. Both drinking and smoking habits were associated with a dose
      dependent increase in blood lead levels, especially in males; the increment was
      additive when the examinee was a drinker-smoker. The geographical difference in
      blood lead levels remained inconclusive.

PMID- 4026389
TI  - Prevalence of hypertension among cadmium-exposed workers.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 311 male workers in an alkaline battery factory, the
      relationship between exposure to cadmium oxide and hypertension has been
      investigated. Blood pressure measurements, taken by the same physician, were
      available for a 30-yr period. When age-matched groups of hypertensive and
      normotensive workers were compared, employment time was significantly longer (P =
      .0109) in the hypertensive group. This indicates a possible relationship between
      exposure to cadmium oxide and the development of hypertension.

PMID- 4026390
TI  - Placental protein 5 (PP5) inhibits thrombin-induced coagulation of fibrinogen.
AB  - The effect of Placental Protein 5 (PP5) on thrombin-induced coagulation of
      diluted fibrinogen is described. In contrast to previous reports which failed to
      demonstrate antithrombin-like activity for PP5 on synthetic substrates, we show
      in this study that PP5 inhibits thrombin activity in a dose-dependent manner. PP5
      acts thus in a very similar way to antithrombin III (ATIII). Although PP5 binds
      to heparin, it does not show any heparin-cofactor activity. Whereas catalytic
      amounts of heparin accelerate greatly the inhibitory effect of ATIII, no
      accelerating effect of heparin on PP5 could be observed under the same
      conditions. In spite of its anti-thrombin activity, PP5 cannot be considered as a
      pregnancy-analogue of ATIII, as it lacks the heparin-cofactor activity.

PMID- 4026391
TI  - The prevalence of ureaplasma, mycoplasma and antibodies against chlamydia group
      antigen in gynecological outpatients.
AB  - 177 women with an average age of 30 years were investigated for ureaplasma,
      mycoplasma and for antibodies against the chlamydia group antigen. Specimen of
      endocervical mucus and catheter specimens of urine were cultured and the ELISA
      ("enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay") technique applied. In addition the purity
      class (I to III) of gram-stained vaginal smears was determined. Ureaplasma were
      isolated from 45.8 and 26.0%, mycoplasma from 9.0 and 7.9% of cervical and urine
      specimens respectively. The patients were divided into 5 clinical groups.
      Patients in the first three groups (I-III, inflammatory disorders, bleeding
      anomalies, benign and malignant neoplasms of the genital tract) showed a
      significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) higher colony count of ureaplasma in
      their urine than patients in the other two groups (IV and V, who had attended the
      hospital for reproductive problems or for routine examination). There was a clear
      correlation between the isolation rates of ureaplasma and mycoplasma and the
      purity classes of the vaginal smears. The rate of isolation increased
      progressively with class II and III smears. Antibodies against the chlamydia
      group antigen were detected in about 40% of all sera tested. A very high titer of
      antibodies reflecting a recent chlamydial infection was found in 11% of the sera
      tested.

PMID- 4026392
TI  - [Cranial blind ureter: national review].

PMID- 4026393
TI  - [In situ carcinoma of the bladder].

PMID- 4026394
TI  - [Early detection of bone metastases in carcinoma of the prostate using the gamma
      camera].

PMID- 4026395
TI  - [Surgery of renal carcinoma: transperitoneal subcostal access].

PMID- 4026396
TI  - [Genitourinary complications in oncology].

PMID- 4026397
TI  - [Primary hyperparathyroidism and renal lithiasis. Effect of delay in diagnosis on
      the morbidity].

PMID- 4026398
TI  - [Our experience in the surgical treatment of staghorn lithiasis].

PMID- 4026399
TI  - [Anesthetic block of the spermatic cord in 150 consecutive scrotal surgeries. An
      incentive to ambulatory surgery].

PMID- 4026400
TI  - [Ureteral triplication: report of a new case].

PMID- 4026401
TI  - [Bilateral renal adenocarcinoma in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 4026402
TI  - [Lithiasis in a blind ureterocele].

PMID- 4026403
TI  - [Effects of pinealectomy on the ventral prostatic lobe and the seminal
      vesicles/coagulating glands of albino rats (I)].

PMID- 4026404
TI  - Disease activity indexes in rheumatoid arthritis; a prospective, comparative
      study with thermography.
AB  - There are many difficulties associated with the assessment of disease activity in
      rheumatoid arthritis. Infrared thermography has been used to quantify joint
      inflammation. The heat distribution index (HDI) is reproducible, sensitive,
      quantifiable, and not subject to circadian variation or interobserver error. In
      this study the HDIs for both elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles were summated and
      compared with other parameters of disease activity. There were 167 sets of
      observations in 20 patients with classical, seropositive, rheumatoid arthritis
      followed up over 12 months. There was a significant correlation (p less than
      0.001) for thermography with the Ritchie articular index, Mallya score, grip
      strength, morning stiffness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and pain score.
      Significant correlations (p less than 0.05) for thermography with these
      parameters were found in individual patients. The summated HDI is a suitable,
      objective method for the assessment of response to therapy in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4026405
TI  - Enhanced prostanoid release from monocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      and active systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In patients with rheumatoid arthritis high levels of prostaglandin E1 have been
      found in the joint fluid, and its increased production by adherent synovial cells
      and macrophages clearly supports the notion that this arachidonic acid metabolite
      is involved in the pathology of the disease. Besides its known inflammatory
      qualities and the suppressive effects on various lymphocyte functions
      prostaglandin E2 has proved to be an essential cofactor in the secretion of the
      lymphokine osteoclast activating factor. In this study we have discovered an
      enhanced release of prostaglandin E1 and thromboxane B2 from a subpopulation of
      blood monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and active systemic lupus
      erythematosus. No correlation between prostanoid release from monocytes and
      inflammatory activity of the disease was found. However, even monocytes from
      patients with early stage or mild inflammatory activity displayed a 'stimulated'
      arachidonic acid metabolism. In contrast only patients with active systemic lupus
      erythematosus showed in this respect comparable secretory activity or monocytes.
      Our findings may point to a possible pathogenic role of prostanoids in rheumatoid
      arthritis, which may also have some implication for the early diagnosis of this
      disease and for its differentiation from other chronic inflammatory rheumatic
      conditions.

PMID- 4026406
TI  - Lung involvement in Sjogren's syndrome: a comparison between patients with
      primary and with secondary syndrome.
AB  - Lung function was assessed in 20 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS)
      and in a group of patients with SS associated with a variety of connective tissue
      diseases. Signs of small airway disease and of altered diffusion capacity,
      together with chest x-ray features of mild interstitial involvement, were the
      most common findings in primary SS. On the whole, lung involvement was more
      frequent and severe in patients with the secondary form of the syndrome. In both
      primary and secondary SS lung function changes did not correlate with the other
      clinical and serological parameters, except for a more severe impairment of
      diffusion capacity in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 4026407
TI  - Reference values for metacarpophalangeal joint stiffness in normals.
AB  - A new form of microprocessor-controlled arthrograph is described which measures
      stiffness parameters of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the index, middle, and
      ring fingers of both hands. The apparatus is simple and quick to use and gives
      reproducible results. The arthrograph is used to determine the reference limits
      for stiffness at the middle finger of the right hand in 128 normal subjects. It
      is found that incorporating information on the subject's finger circumference
      allows a much improved precision to be achieved, but the precision is not further
      enhanced by including details of age and sex.

PMID- 4026408
TI  - Carrageenin-induced arthritis. VI. Alterations in amino acid transport by
      articular cartilage in acute inflammatory arthritis.
AB  - The mechanism of transport of alanine and aminoisobutyric acid into chondrocytes
      in rabbit articular cartilage was shown to be mediated by transport systems
      similar to that described for other eukaryotic cells namely the A, ASC, and L
      systems. Three days after the initiation of an acute inflammatory arthritis by
      the intra-articular injection of carrageenin into one knee joint the rate of
      transport of both these amino acids was decreased. Although all three transport
      systems were depressed, it appeared that the A and ASC systems were partially
      susceptible to damage by the induced inflammation. The rate of amino acid
      transport by the affected cartilage had recovered by 28 days after carrageenin
      treatment. This depression in amino acid transport is discussed in relation to a
      decrease in general metabolic processes in chondrocytes as a consequence of
      inflammation.

PMID- 4026409
TI  - Effect of blood on the activity and persistence of antigen induced inflammation
      in the rat air pouch.
AB  - The hypothesis that haem iron derived from synovial microbleeding has a
      proinflammatory effect on the synovial membrane was tested by adding autologous
      whole blood and fractions derived from it to a naturally remitting rat air pouch
      model of allergic inflammation. The induction of such a subcutaneous air pouch
      produces a cavity lined by mesenchymal cells comparable to the synovial membrane.
      Autologous whole blood was found to prolong a low grade inflammatory state, this
      effect being attributable to a red cell component, most probably haem iron. Whole
      blood in the absence of an inflammatory stimulus does not have this effect,
      indicating that the mechanism is one of prolonging or promoting existing allergic
      inflammation, rather than inducing an inflammatory response.

PMID- 4026410
TI  - Calcinosis of joints and periarticular tissues associated with vitamin D
      intoxication.
AB  - We describe a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and widespread joint and
      periarticular calcinosis related to self-medication with vitamin D, which was
      aggravated by oral phosphate therapy prescribed for her hypercalcaemia.
      Hydroxyapatite was shown in the synovial fluid from affected joints. The role
      played by tissue injury in the pathogenesis of soft tissue calcification is
      discussed.

PMID- 4026411
TI  - IgG monoclonal gammopathy in four patients with polymyalgia rheumatica.

PMID- 4026412
TI  - Piroxicam induced lithium toxicity.

PMID- 4026413
TI  - Subnormal sensitivity of neutrophils to complement split product C5a in
      rheumatoid arthritis: relation to complement catabolism and disease extent.
AB  - The capacity of circulating neutrophils for activation by complement was studied
      in outpatients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis during treatment
      with dextropropoxyphene only. Analysis of dose-response in the Boyden chamber
      assay of chemotaxis showed that sensitivity to the potent, complement derived
      anaphylatoxin, C5a, was markedly decreased, especially in those patients with few
      joints involved. In contrast, peak response to C5a was within the normal range.
      Increased complement 3c split products in plasma of the patients suggested
      involvement of complement cascade reactions. Subnormal sensitivity of neutrophils
      to phlogistic mediators released by complement may tend to limit their
      recruitment and potentially tissue destroying secretion locally in rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 4026414
TI  - Tissue typing in brucellosis.
AB  - The index case in this report was clinically, epidemiologically, and
      serologically proved to be suffering from acute brucellosis acquired in Britain
      and complicated by acute intractable reactive arthritis. HLA tissue typing was
      A1, A2, B7, and B27. As there is no information available about HLA typing in
      brucellosis in Britain, we examined further cases of human brucellosis
      retrospectively. Three further patients possessing B27 antigen were identified,
      only one of whom had had reactive arthritis. Eight of the 12 cases studied also
      carried A2, which is thus shown not to be protective against the development of
      brucellosis as had been suggested previously.

PMID- 4026415
TI  - Systemic response to local urate crystal induced inflammation in man: a possible
      model to study the acute phase response.
AB  - The production of a systemic inflammatory response to intradermal monosodium
      urate crystal injection is described. A transient, self-limiting local response
      is associated with a systemic response detectable by a rise in the white cell
      count and serum amyloid A protein. The white cell change parallels the evolution
      of the local response, whereas the serum amyloid A response lags behind the local
      lesion, peaking after the local lesion is resolving. Intradermal monosodium urate
      injection is proposed as a possible inflammatory stimulus to explore the acute
      phase protein response in different disease states.

PMID- 4026417
TI  - Remission of arthritis and radiological improvement after combination therapy for
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing
      treatment with D-penicillamine.
AB  - A patient receiving d-penicillamine for rheumatoid arthritis developed a
      lymphoma, therapy for which resulted not only in haematological resolution but
      marked remission of rheumatoid disease activity, including radiological
      improvement.

PMID- 4026416
TI  - Multiple microcrystal deposition within a family.
AB  - A family is described in which four members in three generations showed evidence
      of crystal deposition disease: two developed calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
      (CPPD) crystal deposition, one calcific periarthritis, and one mixed crystal
      deposition disease (gout + chondrocalcinosis). This previously undescribed
      observation supports a possible role for nonspecific heritable connective tissue
      factors in predisposing to crystal deposition.

PMID- 4026418
TI  - An unusual case of Reiter's disease.
AB  - A 72-year-old man was admitted to hospital after a syncopal attack.
      Investigations showed anaemia and adenocarcinoma of the colon. After tumour
      resection with end to end anastomosis he had a urinary catheter in situ for two
      days, but otherwise his recovery was unremarkable, until 13 weeks after operation
      when he developed classical Reiter's disease. Investigations did not reveal any
      known trigger factor but it is postulated that the process may have been
      initiated by urinary catheterisation or bowel surgery.

PMID- 4026419
TI  - Cushing's syndrome with suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
      after intra-articular steroid injections.
AB  - A case of Cushing's syndrome after long term intra-articular corticosteroid
      injections is described. Prolonged suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary
      adrenal axis occurred as assessed by an insulin tolerance test 11 weeks after the
      last intra-articular injection. Replacement steroid therapy was required.

PMID- 4026421
TI  - Geode: crystal-containing cavity, lymph space, or pseudocyst?

PMID- 4026420
TI  - Sequential studies on synovial lymphocyte stimulation by rubella antigen, and
      rubella virus isolation in an adult with persistent arthritis.
AB  - The response of synovial lymphocytes from a 65-year-old lady with persistent
      polyarthritis, to rubella antigen and a number of other microbial agents was
      studied over a period of 11 months by [3H]thymidine incorporation. The results
      were correlated with the ability to isolate rubella virus from both peripheral
      blood and synovial fluid during the same period. The patient showed initially a
      maximal stimulation index to rubella antigen assayed on five occasions over a
      five-month period. Rubella virus was detected in both peripheral blood and
      synovial fluid samples on three occasions during this period. Five months later
      the lymphoproliferative response of her synovial lymphocytes to rubella antigen
      had dropped to low levels, and virus could no longer be isolated from synovial
      exudates. At this time the patient's arthritis had become much less active,
      indicating that a good correlation existed between the presence of rubella virus,
      local lymphocyte sensitisation, and the inflammatory reaction.

PMID- 4026422
TI  - Lyme disease in Italy: first reported case.

PMID- 4026423
TI  - A rheumatological dilemma.

PMID- 4026424
TI  - Intravenous iron in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4026425
TI  - Detection of anti-dsDNA as a diagnostic tool.

PMID- 4026426
TI  - Secondary surgery of the flexor pollicis longus tendon. A comparative study of
      forty-three cases.
AB  - The authors report their experience in dealing with 43 cases of secondary surgery
      on the flexor pollicis longus tendon between 1970 and 1982. After an anatomical
      and biomechanical survey, the results of the different techniques used are
      analyzed: tenolysis (12 cases). tenodesis (one case), one- (3 cases) or two-stage
      (4 cases) grafts, flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) transfer (11 cases) and
      secondary sutures (12 cases). The overall outcome was very disappointing, with 50
      per cent poor results. Compared with the other techniques, secondary suture fared
      best, and it can be combined, if need be, with tendon lengthening at the wrist
      and metacarpo-phalangeal pulley reconstruction. Considering these results,
      therapeutic indications are proposed. The functional requirements of the patient
      may lead to prefer simple interphalangeal fusion to any dynamic method.

PMID- 4026427
TI  - Microsurgical relations of the roots of the brachial plexus. Practical
      applications.
AB  - The brachial plexus roots were studied in 20 cadavers under magnification from
      their origin (division of the corresponding cervical spinal nerves) until their
      ending (origin of the corresponding trunks). Regional vascular injections were
      performed in 10 cases using colored latex. The means of fixation of each plexus
      root to the spine, as well as the collateral branches, the anastomoses and the
      vascular connections are described. The authors conclude by the description of a
      microsurgical posterior approach of C5-C6 and C7 up to their origin, with
      clinical applications.

PMID- 4026428
TI  - Proposal of a new classification for established Volkmann's contracture.
AB  - The multiple contributory aspects of the claw deformity seen in 115 cases of
      established Volkmann's contracture has been analyzed. This has given rise to a
      clinically oriented 5-Stage classification. Clinical and electrical motor nerve
      deficits in the median, ulnar and radial distributions have shown considerable
      variability between patients. The individual pattern of nerve damage has been
      outlined. The measurement of passive extension deficits (PED) illustrates the
      degree of extrinsic muscle contracture. The PED is increased proportionally to
      nerve damage. Secondary stigmata of chronic ischemia (ie chronic changes, sensory
      deficits,stiff joints, web-space and intrinsic contractures) are increased
      proportionally to muscle and motor nerve damage. Staging in these five groups has
      permitted the establishment of rapid diagnosis, severity of injury, prognostic
      evaluation and management modalities according to stage.

PMID- 4026429
TI  - Radiological study of the mobility of the scapho-lunate joint.
AB  - Based on the study of 126 wrists, it was possible to determine that 36 degrees of
      normal laxity exists in the scapholunate complex. This was documented by the
      comparative measurements of the total range of movement of these two bones on
      sagittal plane X-rays. No difference between the dominant and non dominant hands
      was observed. Cadaveric experimental studies as well as the records of 13
      pathological wrists showed that scapholunate laxity was greater when the
      scapholunate ligament was involved. Measuring scapholunate movements on sagittal
      motion roentgenographic views can detect pathological laxity between these two
      bones, considering that 15 degrees is the minimal difference permitted.

PMID- 4026430
TI  - The medial metacarpotrapezial collateral ligament: importance of the fourth
      fascicle.
AB  - The metacarporetinacular fascicle, the fourth fascicle of the medial collateral
      metacarpotrapezial ligament, was examined in 25 anatomic specimens. It
      contributes to stability of the ligament and plays an important role in the
      pronosupination of the thumb. This role becomes determinate when the geometry of
      the articular surfaces is disturbed.

PMID- 4026431
TI  - Biometrical study of flexion of the long fingers joints in prehension.
AB  - The angles of flexion of the three digital joints were measured in 112 hands
      while grasping test cylinders the diameter of which ranged from 8 to 90 mm. Based
      on the average of several measurements, the angles of overall and joint-by-joint
      flexion were determined for each cylinder size. Studied finger by finger, it was
      shown the each digit has its individual pattern of flexion, the angles of flexion
      of each joint being different for each finger. Flexion is prevalent in the
      proximal interphalangeal joint of the index while it is prevalent in the
      metacarpophalangeal joint of the little finger. When the standard deviation
      values were calculated, they showed that the individual variations were
      relatively small in cylindrical grasps. This is the opposite of what was observed
      in two of the pinches between the thumb and the other fingers. In these cases,
      the values of the angles of flexion were remarkably dispersed according to the
      individuals, especially in the proximal interphalangeal joint.

PMID- 4026432
TI  - [Tenosynovitis of the hand due to Mycobacterium marinum. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report one case of Mycobacterium marinum of the deep structures of
      the hand and review the literature on the subject. The symptoms are not specific:
      biopsy and culture are essential for diagnosis. As chemotherapy does not seem to
      be of help, wide surgical incision is the appropriate treatment.

PMID- 4026433
TI  - [Anatomical study of the vascularization of the flag flap. Apropos of its use in
      loss of substance from the palmar face of the proximal phalanx].
AB  - The flag flap, elevated from the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx, may be
      employed as a one-stage procedure to cover a loss of soft tissue on the volar
      aspect of the adjacent finger, the staff of the flap running over an oblique web
      space incision.

PMID- 4026434
TI  - [Fractures of the long metacarpals. Long-term results].
AB  - Sixty-seven of long metacarpal fractures have been followed for more than one
      year. Digital mobility and strength of grasp of the traumatized hand were
      measured and then compared with the healthy hand, the result being modified,
      according to the patient's own appreciation. This clinical examination enabled a
      medium and long term assessment of functional results. Control radiograms helped
      us draw up a chart of the various types of fractures, their topographical
      distribution and eventual anatomical modifications according to displacement.
      When comparing clinical and radiographic results, a correlation is--or is not-
      possible between the functional deficit and the degree of deformation of the
      metacarpals. Clinical results also depend on other factors which may influence
      the final result.

PMID- 4026435
TI  - Technique and indications of the forearm flap in hand surgery. A report of thirty
      three cases.
AB  - The Chinese forearm flap is vascularized by the radial artery and may be used as
      an island or a free flap. Used as an island flap, the pitfalls of the
      microsurgical procedures required for a free flap, may be avoided. Vascular
      anastomosis is easily performed owing to the large diameter of the vessel. The
      possibility of using it as a composite flap with fascia, tendons, muscle, bone or
      nerve makes this flap a "must" in reconstructive surgery of the hand. A series of
      33 cases was reviewed in an attempt to summarize their indications and
      contraindications respectively.

PMID- 4026436
TI  - Thumb reconstruction pollicisation or toe-to-hand transfers. A comparative study
      of functional results.
AB  - A statistical study of thumb reconstruction after traumatic amputation, based on
      the records of 33 pollicisations and 21 microsurgical toe-to-hand transfers was
      made. A precise method of evaluation of results is presented. The types of
      lesions are divided into 4 groups; 1: amputation of the thumb without injuries of
      the other fingers; 2: amputation of the thumb associated with amputations or
      mutilation of other fingers; 3: metacarpal hand; 4: amputation of the thumb
      distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint. The aim of this study was to determine
      the respective indications of the two methods. It may be concluded that: in group
      1, the results of pollicisation and of toe-to-hand transfers are similar. The
      former is superior as far as the discriminative sensory and fine motor results
      are concerned, while toe transfer reestablishes better strength. In group 2, the
      more the other fingers are mutilated, the more toe transfers should be preferred
      to pollicisation which weakens the performance of the long fingers, especially
      when they are injured. In group 3 (metacarpal hand), the transfer of one or more
      toes is a revolution. It is the only technique capable of returning function and,
      if technique is correct, a cosmetically satisfactory aspect as well. In distal
      amputations of the thumb (group 4), the only indications for pollicisation are
      cases of a proximally injured finger with a healthy distal segment, transferable
      on healthy pedicles, which is relatively rare. Partial toe-to-hand transfers, is
      a new solution to this challenge.

PMID- 4026437
TI  - A comparison of the pyrimethamine and cycloguanil sensitivities of the pre
      erythrocytic and erythrocytic stages of drug-sensitive and -resistant strains of
      Plasmodium yoelii.
AB  - The cycloguanil and pyrimethamine sensitivities of the pre-erythrocytic and
      erythrocytic stages of a drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strain of Plasmodium
      yoelii have been compared. With both compounds, and in both parasite strains, the
      pre-erythrocytic stages were more sensitive to inhibition than were the
      erythrocytic stages. In the resistant strain the increase in the level of drug
      tolerance in the erythrocytic stages was paralleled by a corresponding loss of
      sensitivity in the pre-erythrocytic stages.

PMID- 4026438
TI  - An experimental vaccine against American dermal leishmaniasis: experience in the
      State of Espirito Santo, Brazil.
AB  - A vaccine prepared from killed and sonicated promastigotes of five Brazilian
      strains of Leishmania was used during an epidemic of American dermal
      leishmaniasis that occurred in Viana county, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil.
      Initially, all of the participants in the vaccination programme had negative
      reactions to Montenegro antigen. Forty days after the last dose of vaccine had
      been given, 87.6% of the 216 vaccinated individuals had become Montenegro
      positive whereas the 266 unvaccinated persons remained Montenegro-negative. The
      study area had an unstable population and details are given about the human
      population changes that occurred during the two-year study period. Taking into
      account population movements, 1.5% of those vaccinated and 6.4% of the
      unvaccinated group developed dermal leishmanial lesions by the end of the first
      year. At the end of the second year, 1.7% of those vaccinated and 8.9% of the
      unvaccinated group had become infected. The difference in infection rates of the
      two groups is statistically significant at both the end of the first and second
      years of observation. Diagnosis of the disease(s) was based on the clinical
      appearance of lesions combined with parasitological and/or immunological evidence
      and subsequent responses to treatment. The experience gained in Viana also
      provided information about the storage and administration of the experimental
      vaccine which have been used in mounting a randomized clinical trial.

PMID- 4026439
TI  - Liver abscess in Dubai. An analysis of 29 cases and an assessment of the value of
      CAT scan.
AB  - The clinical features and management of 29 consecutive cases of liver abscess
      admitted to the Medical Division at the Rashid Hospital, Dubai, between February
      1979 and March 1982 are reviewed and the value of CAT scan in the diagnosis and
      management is assessed.

PMID- 4026440
TI  - Prevalence and distribution of schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe.
AB  - Surveys for schistosomiasis of 14 619 eight- to ten-year-old children from 157
      schools in Zimbabwe are reported. Zimbabwe is divided into three regions on the
      basis of differing prevalences of Schistosoma haematobium, with mean prevalence
      levels in each zone of 63.2, 37.1 and 14.3%. Two regions were identified for S.
      mansoni, with mean prevalence levels of 15.2 and 1.5%. In most regions Commercial
      Farming areas were shown to have higher levels of infection than Subsistence
      Farming areas. Females showed a significantly lower prevalence of infection with
      S. haematobium than males in all areas. Age prevalence surveys in support of the
      major survey showed the seven- to 20-year-old age group to contain 91.5% of the
      heavy infections with S. haematobium and 83.7% of the heavy infections with S.
      mansoni. The availability of surface water is recognized as the major factor
      governing the distribution and prevalence of schistosomiasis. Control of
      schistosomiasis is briefly discussed.

PMID- 4026441
TI  - Severe strongyloidiasis presenting as occult gastro-intestinal tract malignancy.
AB  - A 38-year-old man presented with severe loss of weight, diarrhoea alternating
      with constipation and blood in the stool. Clinically, colonic malignancy was
      suspected, but this was not confirmed. Fresh stool contained numerous larvae of
      Strongyloides stercoralis. The patient responded promptly to levamisole, with
      cessation of symptoms and rapid weight gain.

PMID- 4026442
TI  - Venom antibody levels in a patient bitten by a young puff adder (Bitis arietans)
      during a world record attempt.
AB  - Following a bite on the hand by a young puff adder (Bitis arietans), the 21-year
      old male victim was admitted to hospital suffering from symptoms of mild
      envenoming comprising swelling to the elbow and painful axillary nodes. The
      patient was not treated with antivenom. One day after the bite, B. arietans venom
      was detected in small amounts in the blood; none was detected subsequently. Venom
      antibody was detected by ELISA on the ninth day after the bite, rising to a peak
      after three weeks. After a further 11 days at the same level, antibody levels
      gradually fell but were still significantly high 81 days after the bite, when no
      further samples were taken. It appears unlikely in this case that a previous bite
      two and a half years earlier by a different species of snake contributed
      significantly to the development and intensity of the antibody response.

PMID- 4026443
TI  - Extrachromosomal inheritance of susceptibility to trypanosome infection in tsetse
      flies. I. Selection of susceptible and refractory lines of Glossina morsitans
      morsitans.
AB  - Differences in susceptibility to infection with Trypanosoma congolense between F1
      families of Glossina morsitans morsitans indicated that susceptibility is
      maternally inherited in this species of tsetse fly. Twelve F1 families, six
      selected for susceptibility and six selected for refractoriness to infection,
      have been bred for up to 13 generations. The reciprocal differences demonstrated
      in the F1 generation persisted in these selected families over many generations,
      indicating that susceptibility/refractoriness to T. congolense infection is
      extrachromosomally inherited in G. m. morsitans. Repeated 'backcrossing' to males
      of the opposite strain showed that infection rates within families were
      independent of the contribution of the male parent. Susceptible families had a
      mean midgut infection rate of 76.9% and a mature (hypopharyngeal) infection rate
      of 47.9%. In the refractory families 88.9% of the flies failed to develop an
      infection, 11.1% had midgut infections and only 6.3% developed mature infections.
      Levels of midgut infection remained remarkably constant within families over
      generations, whether refractory or susceptible, while maturation rates varied
      between generations and between sexes. Males matured a significantly greater
      proportion of midgut infections than females in the susceptible families. It is
      suggested that the inheritance of susceptibility/refractoriness relates primarily
      to the establishment of midgut infections in G. m. morsitans, and that maturation
      of midgut infections is dependent upon environmental factors such as diet, and
      differences between sexes probably reflecting differences in rates of bloodmeal
      digestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026444
TI  - Genetic relationships among certain species of the Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris
      group (Diptera: Culicidae).
AB  - Genetic affinities between species of the Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris group
      were determined through experimental hybridization. In this investigation Aedes
      hebrideus and Ae. scutellaris katherinensis were reciprocally crossed with Ae.
      polynesiensis, Ae. pseudoscutellaris, Ae. kesseli, Ae. malayensis, Ae. alcasidi
      and Ae. albopictus. Data on insemination and egg hatch rates were recorded in the
      reciprocal crosses. Of these, Ae. hebrideus and Ae alcasidi, Ae. hebrideus and
      Ae. s. katherinensis, Ae. malayensis and Ae. hebrideus, and Ae. malayensis and
      Ae. s. katherinensis, were unidirectionally compatible using female parent of
      former species of the two. The reciprocal crosses of these laid infertile eggs.
      Aedes s. katherinensis and Ae. alcasidi were bidirectionally compatible. All
      other interspecific crosses were incompatible producing infertile eggs. In the
      compatible crosses, i.e. where the viable hybrids were obtained, F2 and hybrid
      fertilities were determined. Species hybrids obtained by crossing Ae. malayensis
      females and Ae. s. katherinensis males yielded lower fertility in F2 and
      differential fertility when backcrossed. Species hybrids obtained by crossing Ae.
      s. katherinensis females and Ae. alcasidi males resulted in lower fertility in F2
      and also when backcrossed to Ae. s. katherinensis females. All other species
      hybrids were fertile. Based on the data obtained, Ae. hebrideus, Ae. s.
      katherinensis, Ae. malayensis and Ae. alcasidi formed a sub-grouping which showed
      remote genetic affinities individually or as a group with rest of the species
      investigated.

PMID- 4026445
TI  - Leishmaniasis in the south-east of Spain: preliminary results of a serological
      and parasitological study in dogs.

PMID- 4026446
TI  - Reoperation in congenital aortic stenosis.
AB  - Over a 22-year period, 81 patients underwent initial operations for critical
      aortic stenosis at our institution. Their ages ranged from 3 days to 20 years
      (mean, 7.3 +/- 5.9 years). Fourteen (17%) were infants less than 1 year old.
      Three children died perioperatively (3.7%). We have followed the survivors and 3
      children who underwent initial operations elsewhere for a mean of 9.0 +/- 6.8
      years (range, 2 to 23 years). To the present, 27 patients have undergone one
      reoperation (24 of our initial survivors) at a mean interval of 7.3 years, with 2
      perioperative deaths. Ten of these patients have required a second reoperation at
      a mean interval of 3.7 years, with 2 deaths perioperatively. There were 3 late
      cardiac deaths after the initial procedure and 1 after a third operation.
      Actuarial reoperation-free survival is 56.7% at 10 years. While overall survival
      is 88.6% at 10 years, we find a significantly poorer survival among those
      patients with valvular stenosis compared with those with subvalvular lesions (p =
      0.03). We believe that for children with all levels of aortic stenosis, good
      functional results and survival can best be obtained by follow-up,
      recatheterization, and reoperation.

PMID- 4026447
TI  - Avoidance of transverse midventricular disruption following mitral valve
      replacement.
AB  - From 1974 through 1977 when our hospital mortality for aortic valve replacement
      and myocardial revascularization was 3.5% and 1.1%, respectively, hospital
      mortality for mitral valve replacement (MVR) was 8.3% (13/156)--as high as 14.9%
      in 1976. Transverse midventricular disruption (TMD) was present in 7 of 10
      patients on whom an autopsy was done and was clinically diagnosed in 3 others
      without postmortem examination. Transverse midventricular disruption presented as
      refractory myocardial failure immediately on termination of bypass or later (1 to
      5 days) after an initial period of good hemodynamics. It appeared to result when
      volume loading or afterload pressure was returned to the untethered ventricle
      after MVR performed with potassium-induced, cold cardioplegia and ischemic
      arrest. Operative techniques were modified to preserve a portion of the mitral
      suspensory mechanism, to extend the reperfusion interval following cardioplegia
      and ischemic arrest, and to control strictly ventricular volume and pressure
      loading following bypass. By utilizing these methods, TMD was avoided from 1978
      through 1982, and hospital mortality for MVR was 3.7% (9/241). The improved
      hospital mortality and avoidance of TMD did not result from patient selection.
      Allowing adequate time for recovery of the myocardium after cardioplegia plus
      ischemic arrest prior to ventricular loading, preservation of mitral suspensory
      function, and strict control of preload and afterload pressures have been
      effective in lowering hospital mortality for MVR and have eliminated TMD in a 5
      year period.

PMID- 4026448
TI  - Patency rate of bifurcated aortic grafts: comparative analysis of woven versus
      knitted prostheses in the same patient.
AB  - To investigate the difference in patency rate between woven and knitted
      aortofemoral or aortoiliac prosthetic grafts, a special vascular prosthesis was
      manufactured with one limb of the graft knitted and the other, woven. The
      prosthesis was implanted in 143 consecutive patients with occlusive aortoiliac
      arteriosclerotic disease or aneurysms. Detailed statistical analysis failed to
      reveal any difference in the patency rate between the woven and knitted limbs of
      the grafts during an observation period ranging from one month to two years.

PMID- 4026450
TI  - The modern use of thoracoplasty.
AB  - Thoracoplasty is a time-honored but, at present, rarely indicated procedure for
      reducing thoracic cavity volume. This study reviews a series of 30 patients
      treated with thoracoplasty over a 14-year period (1970 through 1983). Indications
      were to close a persistent pleural space in 28 patients and to tailor the
      thoracic cavity to accept diminished lung volume concomitant with a pulmonary
      resection in 2 patients. Persistent pleural space, often associated with a
      bronchopleural fistula (24 patients), occurred after operation in 19 patients:
      following pulmonary resection in 17 patients, resection of mesothelioma in 1
      patient, and following decortication without resection in 1. In the remaining 9
      patients with a persistent pleural space, problems developed from primary lung
      destruction due to tuberculosis (4 patients), postpneumonic empyema (1 patient),
      or as late infection of a residual pleural space many years after therapeutic
      pneumothorax and collapse therapy for tuberculosis (4 patients). The overall
      success rate of thoracoplasty in eliminating intrathoracic space problems was
      73%. There were 3 deaths (10%) and 5 failures to heal, representing a 33% failure
      in the first half of the series (to 1976) and a 17% failure rate thereafter (1
      death and 1 nonhealing patient). The primary underlying disease was tuberculosis
      in 23 patients, 8 of whom had concomitant aspergilloma and 1, atypical
      tuberculosis. The failures were analyzed and reviewed to clarify the principles
      for the successful use of thoracoplasty. It is concluded that thoracoplasty is a
      rarely required salvage-type procedure applicable to moderately debilitated
      patients in whom it is considered desirable to eliminate open drainage.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026449
TI  - Relation of calcification to torn leaflets of spontaneously degenerated porcine
      bioprosthetic valves.
AB  - The gross appearance of 54 spontaneously degenerated porcine bioprosthetic valves
      was evaluated to determine the relation of calcium deposition to cusp disruption.
      Tears or perforations were shown in 89% (48) of the degenerated valves. The most
      common site of tears or perforations was near the commissural attachment (60% of
      all tears). Grossly visible deposits of calcium salts that ruptured to the
      surface of the cusps or caused changes in the topography were observed in 70%
      (38) of the 54 valves. Calcification was adjacent to tears or perforations in 56%
      (27) of the 48 valves with torn cusps. Among the valves that showed
      calcification, the deposits of calcium salts were adjacent to tears or
      perforations in 71% (27 of 38). The location of deposits of calcium did not
      relate to the age or sex of the patient or to the position of the valve, but
      valves with calcium were inserted longer than valves with no calcium (87 +/- 4
      versus 58 +/- 7 months; p less than 0.001). The outflow surfaces showed more
      calcification than the inflow surfaces, irrespective of whether the valves were
      in the aortic or mitral position. Among the 38 valves with calcification, 92%
      (35) showed calcification at the commissural attachments, 53% (20) showed
      calcification in the body of 1 or more cusps, 11% (4) near the base, and 8% (3)
      near the free edge. In conclusion, most patients with spontaneous porcine valve
      degeneration showed calcification. The calcification was associated with tears or
      perforations of the cusps in 50% of all degenerated valves, in 56% of valves with
      torn cusps, and in 71% of valves that showed gross calcification.

PMID- 4026451
TI  - Emergency thoracotomy: a four-year review.
AB  - The case records of 200 patients who had emergency thoracotomy for penetrating
      trauma were reviewed. The mortality was 47% (93/200) for the entire series, 27%
      (21/79) for stab wounds and 60% (72/121) for gunshot wounds. Of 55 patients who
      underwent thoracotomy in the emergency department, 8 (15%) survived. Twelve
      patients "dead" at the scene could not be resuscitated. Nineteen patients
      sustained cardiac arrest in the ambulance, 3 (16%) of whom survived. Of 19 who
      had cardiac arrest in the emergency department, 5 (26%) survived. Of 38 patients
      who had cardiac arrest in the ambulance or emergency department, 14 with stab
      wounds had a 43% survival and 24 with gunshot wounds had a survival of only 8%.
      Patients who underwent thoracotomy in the operating room (OR) had a higher
      survival, 68% (99/145). For those with thoracic, extremity, or neck injuries,
      survival was 81% (93/115). For those who had an OR thoracotomy for aortic cross
      clamping because of abdominal injuries, survival was only 17% (5/30). Early
      thoracotomy has a place in the management of patients who have cardiac arrest in
      the ambulance or emergency department because of penetrating chest, neck, or
      extremity injuries, especially if caused by stab wounds. Cross-clamping of the
      thoracic aorta for massive abdominal bleeding should be applied selectively.

PMID- 4026452
TI  - Total cavopulmonary shunt with replacement of common atrioventricular valve for
      an infant with single atrium and single ventricle.
AB  - A 22-month-old male infant with single atrium, single ventricle, regurgitant
      common atrioventricular valve, pulmonary atresia, patent ductus arteriosus, and
      inferior vena cava defect with azygos connection was treated successfully with
      total cavopulmonary shunt and replacement of the common atrioventricular valve.
      The indications for total cavopulmonary shunt in the management of univentricular
      heart with azygos continuity are discussed.

PMID- 4026453
TI  - Posttraumatic thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with a diaphragmatic hernia.
AB  - The case of a patient with a chronic, posttraumatic descending thoracic aortic
      aneurysm and a large diaphragmatic hernia is presented. We repaired the diaphragm
      with Prolene mesh and externally grafted the aneurysm. To our knowledge,
      simultaneous repair of these two chronic injuries has not been reported. The
      merits of external grafting of aortic aneurysms are discussed.

PMID- 4026454
TI  - Ultrasonic aspiration in coronary artery surgery.
AB  - With the aid of an ultrasonically powered aspiration device, the coronary artery
      to undergo distal anastomosis during aortocoronary bypass grafting can be exposed
      in the beating heart prior to institution of cardiopulmonary bypass and systemic
      administration of heparin. The thick adipose tissue and bridging muscles of the
      superficial layer are removed with almost no bleeding, leaving the vascular
      elements intact. The optimal site for anastomosis of the coronary artery is
      readily exposed and confirmed, and aortic cross-clamp time is minimized.

PMID- 4026455
TI  - Intracavitary coronary arteries.

PMID- 4026456
TI  - Mechanism of flavoxate antispasmodic activity comparative in vitro studies.
AB  - In order to clarify the pharmacological activity of flavoxate, its effect on the
      tone and spontaneous activity of the guinea-pig isolated ureter and of the muscle
      strip from rat urinary bladder were studied. Flavoxate, as well as papaverine,
      reduced all three parameters considered on the guinea-pig isolated ureter,
      namely: peristaltic motility, endoluminal pressure and longitudinal muscle
      contractility. In the same test, verapamil (a calcium antagonist), emepronium and
      atropine (both anticholinergic drugs) were used for comparison. Using strips of
      rat urinary bladder depolarized by KCl, flavoxate, papaverine and verapamil
      displayed a relaxant activity, while anticholinergic compounds such as atropine,
      hyoscine and emepronium failed to relax this tissue. In another series of
      experiments the effects of flavoxate and anticholinergic drugs on the contraction
      elicited by vagal electrical stimulation of the guinea-pig isolated stomach in
      toto were assayed. The results obtained suggest that the action of flavoxate is
      due to direct smooth muscle relaxation and does not involve anticholinergic
      activity.

PMID- 4026457
TI  - Interactions of 5-hydroxytryptamine and tricyclic antidepressants in the rat
      stomach strip and the guinea-pig ileum.
AB  - The interactions of the tricyclic antidepressants, amitriptyline and desipramine
      with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were studied in the guinea-pig ileum and in the
      rat stomach strip. The tricyclics blocked the contractile response of the guinea
      pig ileum and severely depressed the maximum [amitriptyline greater than
      desipramine (DMI)], however, they potentiated (DMI greater than amitriptyline) 5
      HT-induced contractions of the RSS. The potentiation induced with DMI seems to be
      a combination of uptake inhibition and some post-receptor sensitization whilst
      amitriptyline-induced potentiation may be due to the former. Higher
      concentrations of the tricyclics contract the RSS. These contractions were absent
      in reserpinized RSS. Reserpinization reduced the potentiation after tricyclics
      and DMI was unable to enhance maximal concentrations of 5-HT, i.e. the post
      receptor effect of DMI seems to have been abolished. It is concluded that whilst
      the tricyclics may be irreversible antagonists of 5-HT in the guinea-pig ileum,
      they potentiate the effect of 5-HT in the RSS by uptake inhibition, and, in the
      case of DMI, some additional post-receptor effect.

PMID- 4026458
TI  - Calcium blocking properties of piprofurol.
AB  - Piprofurol is a benzofuran chalcon derivative. It was studied under various
      experimental conditions which allow the recognition of calcium antagonistic
      activity. Piprofurol inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the calcium
      induced contractions in isolated potassium depolarized preparations of rat aorta
      (pA2: 9.29) and relaxed the K+-induced contraction of the dog coronary artery and
      the rabbit basilar artery (IC's 50: 2 10(-8) M; 3 10(-9) M). Piprofurol also
      inhibited noradrenaline-induced vascular smooth muscle contractions but the
      antagonism was clearly noncompetitive and the contractions induced were altered
      by concentrations two orders of magnitude higher than the concentration
      inhibiting calcium-induced contractions. Calcium antagonism was demonstrated in
      cardiac muscle: calcium mediated slowly rising action potentials were evoked in
      partially depolarized guinea-pig papillary muscle by electrical stimulation in
      the presence of isoprenaline. Piprofurol decreased the rate of rise of these slow
      action potentials. The inhibitory effect was reversed by an elevation of the
      calcium concentration in the bath fluid. Piprofurol exerts a negative inotropic
      effect (IC50: 5 10(-6) M) on guinea-pig papillary muscle. The ratio IC50
      inotropic action/IC50 relaxant activity was 230, i.e. higher than that obtained
      with verapamil or diltiazem, and near that observed for cinnarizine. The
      pharmacological profile from in vivo dog experiments is in agreement with its in
      vitro properties: coronary sinus blood flow was increased and heart rate
      decreased. These effects suggested a potentially anti-ischaemic activity. This is
      confirmed in anaesthetized dogs, where piprofurol reduced the epicardial ST
      segment elevation following coronary artery occlusion, and in isolated heart
      preparations, where it decreased the leakage of LDH during periods of anoxia and
      reoxygenation.

PMID- 4026459
TI  - Comparative antiarrhythmic and local anaesthetic effects of piperazine citrate
      and lignocaine hydrochloride.
AB  - The effect of pretreatment with lignocaine hydrochloride (0.1 mg/g body weight)
      and piperazine citrate (1 mg/g body weight) on the number of deaths due to
      ouabain (0.02-0.12 mg/g body weight) was determined in the toad. Lignocaine was
      at least 10 times more potent than piperazine. Considering the doses that gave
      50% protection from the 100% deaths due to ouabain (0.09 mg/g), lignocaine was
      14.8 times more potent, but it was 56-60 times more toxic than piperazine as
      shown by the LD50s in the mouse and toad. Lignocaine was also about 10 times more
      potent than piperazine in preventing electrically-induced arrhythmia in the
      isolated guinea-pig atrium suspended in low potassium Ringer-Locke solution. With
      regard to infiltration anaesthesia, lignocaine was about 158 times more potent
      than piperazine. Therefore the relative potencies of the antiarrhythmic
      activities of piperazine and lignocaine do not correlate with the relative local
      anaesthetic potencies. It was concluded that, although lignocaine is 10-15 times
      more potent than piperazine as an antiarrhythmic agent, piperazine should be a
      much safer drug and could have potential utility as a substitute for lignocaine
      as an antiarrhythmic agent.

PMID- 4026460
TI  - Involvement of peripheral dopamine receptors in the antihypertensive effect of a
      new ergoline derivative (355/1057).
AB  - Oral administration of a new ergoline derivative (355/1057) produced a sustained
      arterial hypotension in conscious SHR rats. This effect was inhibited by the
      centrally acting DA blockers haloperidol and pimozide and by domperidone, a DA
      antagonist that does not cross the blood brain barrier. On the other hand it was
      unaffected by alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockers or by indomethacin. Moreover,
      the hypertension induced by 355/1057 in pithed SHR rats was reversed to
      hypotension when its alpha-adrenoceptor stimulant activity was inhibited by
      yohimbine. In anesthetized dogs the hypotensive activity of 355/1057 was
      abolished by pimozide but not by propranolol. In anesthetized cats, pretreatment
      with haloperidol prevented both the hypotensive activity of 355/1057 and its
      inhibitory effect on sympathetic nerve activity. These overall data suggest that
      355/1057 lowers blood pressure in different species mainly by stimulating
      peripheral dopamine receptors.

PMID- 4026461
TI  - Effects of indomethacin on plasma fibrinogen levels in rats with tissue injury.
AB  - The present investigation was designed to study the effect of indomethacin (5 mg
      kg-1 day-1) on plasma fibrinogen levels in laparotomized rats. Whereas tissue
      injury significantly increased plasma fibrinogen when compared to normal
      uninjured rats, indomethacin completely blocked that effect. Conversely,
      indomethacin did not prevent fibrinogen increase in laparotomized rats injected
      with epinephrine, with spinal cord transection + epinephrine or with adrenal
      medullectomy + epinephrine. Indomethacin or epinephrine administration to normal
      rats did not modify plasma fibrinogen. Taking into account that epinephrine is a
      key hormone in plasma fibrinogen response in laparotomized rats, and according to
      our results, prostaglandins might act by two possible pathways: 1) by decreasing
      of the pain threshold of the sensory nerve endings and stimulating sympathetic
      adreno-medullar system; 2) by entering into the blood stream and enhancing
      epinephrine action on plasma fibrinogen. It would appear that indomethacin
      inhibits both pathways.

PMID- 4026462
TI  - The effect of dopamine, apomorphine and piribedil on the mesenterial blood flow
      of the cat.
AB  - Responses to i.v. administration of dopamine, apomorphine, piribedil and
      bromocriptine were investigated in the feline mesenteric vascular bed. Dopamine
      increases the mesenterial flow in doses of 0.3 to 30 micrograms/kg; its effect
      can be inhibited by 1 to 3 mg/kg of sulpiride. Apomorphine and piribedil also
      increased the blood flow, but only in 20 to 200 times higher doses; they show a
      tachyphylaxis phenomenon and their maximal activity is 32 and 59 per cent,
      respectively, that of dopamine. Apomorphine is a partial agonist of dopamine and
      can inhibit the activity of the transmitter amine. Bromocriptine has no activity
      on the feline mesenterial flow. The postsynaptic dopamine receptors of the cat
      can be characterized by the following: strong efficacy of dopamine and lower ones
      of apomorphine, piribedil and of sulpiride. The presynaptic dopamine receptors
      are involved mostly in the hypotension, they are activated by low doses of
      apomorphine, and piribedil and by higher doses of dopamine; sulpiride reacts with
      these receptors in much lower doses than with the postsynaptic ones.

PMID- 4026463
TI  - Effects of intracerebral morphine and enkephalins on the caudate-EEG spindle
      burst.
AB  - In an attempt to study the neural mechanisms of generation of the caudate-EEG
      spindle burst, effects of morphine, met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin on the
      spindle were studied in gallamine-immobilized rats. The "caudate spindle" was
      significantly enhanced by microinjections of morphine and enkephalins into the
      lateral ventriculus, the thalamus, the midbrain reticular formation and the
      hippocampus but not the caudate nucleus, and the effects of these agents were
      completely antagonized by prior administration of naloxone. Intravenously
      administered morphine showed inhibitory actions on the neurons in the thalamus
      and the reticular formation and an excitatory effect on the hippocampal neurons.
      These results suggest that the enkephalinergic system may play an important role
      in the generation of the caudate spindle in the rat, i.e. as a positive
      modulatory system in the manifestation of the caudate spindle.

PMID- 4026464
TI  - Influence of naloxone on the antinociceptive effects of some antidepressant
      drugs.
AB  - The antinociceptive effects of tricyclic and atypical antidepressants were
      studied using the rat tail mechanical method. Clomipramine produced analgesia at
      the doses of 30 and 40 mg/kg, desimipramine at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, maprotiline
      at 20 and 30 mg/kg, mianserin at 30 mg/kg, nomifensine at 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg,
      indalpine at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, viloxazine at 60 and 80 mg/kg. Naloxone (0.8
      mg/kg) abolished the antinociceptive action of these antidepressant drugs. These
      results suggest that the antinociceptive activity of these six antidepressant
      drugs in acute experimental pain could involve opiate mechanisms.

PMID- 4026465
TI  - Effects of phenobarbital, phorone and carbon tetrachloride pretreatment on the
      biliary excretion of acetaminophen in rats.
AB  - Rats with cannulated bile ducts excreted 24.6% of an i.v. dose of 100 mg/kg
      acetaminophen (AA) into bile within 8 hr, 0.9% as unchanged drug, 5.5% as
      sulfate, 15.1% as glucuronide and 3.1% as the glutathione conjugate. Pretreatment
      with phenobarbital (0.1% solution for 7 days instead of drinking water)
      significantly decreased the amount of total AA recovered in bile, to 12.8% mainly
      as a consequence of reduced glucuronide excretion (3.5%), whereas the GSH
      conjugate was augmented to 6.3%. Pretreatment with the GSH-depletor phorone (250
      mg/kg i.p. 1 hr prior to AA) slightly reduced the total recovery of AA to 19.2%,
      due to a diminished excretion of the glucuronide (10.3%). Liver damage due to
      carbon tetrachloride administration (0.5 ml/kg p.o. 24 hr prior to AA) markedly
      decreased the total recovery of AA to 8.9% as a consequence of the reduction of
      the glucuronic acid (5.0%) and the GSH-conjugates (0.2%). These observations are
      discussed with respect to the effects of phenobarbital, phorone and CCl4 on
      microsomal and cytosolic GSH-dependent enzymes involved in the metabolism of AA.

PMID- 4026467
TI  - Analysis by microcomputer of the effect of capsaicin on pulmonary mechanics in
      the rat and guinea-pig.
AB  - Analysis of airways resistance and lung compliance in anaesthetized rats and
      guinea-pigs was accomplished on-line by microcomputer. In spontaneously respiring
      guinea-pigs capsaicin (0.5-2.5 microgram/kg i.v.) increased both resistance by
      0.33 +/- 0.13 cmH20/ml/sec and the end-expiratory lung volume and it decreased
      compliance by 0.24 +/- 0.09 ml/cmH2O. These effects of capsaicin were resistant
      to vagotomy. In the rat, doses of capsaicin (40-80 micrograms/kg i.v. and i.a.)
      which produced respiratory apnoea had no effect on resistance or compliance in
      artificially ventilated animals but it did cause a decrease of end-expiratory
      volume, an effect which was abolished by vagotomy. The results confirm that
      reduction in tidal volume seen in spontaneously respiring rats following
      capsaicin (Mitchell et al., 1984) appears to be due to an action other than one
      on the bronchial calibre.

PMID- 4026466
TI  - A study of the effect of 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine, pamaquine, pentaquine) on
      the guinea-pig isolated ileum.
AB  - Primaquine (10(-6) to 4.10(-5) M), an antimalarial drug, has stimulatory effects
      on the guinea-pig ileum which seem to be related to stimulation of histaminergic
      H1-receptors. Preincubation of the preparations with compound 48/80 greatly
      inhibits the primaquine induced contractions, indicating that they should result
      from histamine release. On the other hand, primaquine (from 10(-6) M) like 2
      other 8-aminoquinolines, pamaquine and pentaquine, has inhibitory properties on
      the intramural cholinergic neurones of the ileum, and at higher concentrations
      (10(-5) M) exerts a direct inhibition on the smooth muscle.

PMID- 4026468
TI  - Planning and protecting vascular access sites in the future hemodialysis patient.

PMID- 4026469
TI  - The aging thyroid. Thyroid deficiency in the Framingham Study.
AB  - In an unselected population of elderly (over age 60 years) men and women (the
      original cohort of the Framingham Study), the prevalence of thyroid deficiency,
      evidenced by a clearly elevated serum thyrotropin (TSH) level (greater than 10
      microU/mL), was 4.4%. Women had thyroid deficiency (5.9%) more often than men
      (2.3%). Of those with clearly elevated serum TSH levels, only 39% had low serum
      thyroxine (T4) levels; the remainder had serum T4 levels in the lower half of the
      normal range. Others (5.9%) had a slightly elevated serum TSH level (5 to 10
      microU/mL); their status was not clear, but more (12.7%) had low T4 levels than
      expected. The level of serum T4 was not a sensitive measure of thyroid deficiency
      nor was routine examination by a physician, even when the patient's background
      contained a clue to a possible thyroid problem. An elevated serum TSH level was a
      sensitive marker of thyroid deficiency in the elderly and was often the only way
      to detect it. Further studies are needed to determine the relationship of thyroid
      deficiency to cognitive and cardiovascular function in older persons.

PMID- 4026470
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase-6. A biochemical sign of serious hepatic circulatory
      disturbance.
AB  - I confirmed the existence of an additional isozyme band of lactate dehydrogenase
      (LD) (EC 1.1.1.27) cathodic to LD-5 utilizing agarose gel isozyme electrophoresis
      in seven patients. Three of the patients died of circulatory failure within three
      weeks after the isozyme was identified. Four patients survived after successful
      therapy for heart failure. The under-lying clinical condition was
      arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease causing congestive heart failure with
      passive congestion of the major viscera. I performed biochemical analysis on the
      isozyme and found that it was extremely heat stable, was not immunoglobulin
      bound, and contained only M, not H, subunits. It may represent a
      posttranslationally modified LD-5 or alcohol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 4026471
TI  - Intravenous streptokinase for thrombolysis of occluded arteriovenous access. Its
      use in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
AB  - Thrombosis of arteriovenous access is a major cause of morbidity in the patient
      population undergoing hemodialysis. This investigation utilized the technique of
      infusing streptokinase directly into the afferent limb of an occluded graft or
      fistula to restore patency. A total of seven patients was studied, one patient on
      two separate occasions nine months apart. Total clot lysis was observed in five
      of eight infusions. Partial clot lysis was seen in two of eight infusions,
      although one of these patients required thrombectomy to ensure persistent
      functioning of the fistula. One of the eight episodes was unsuccessful. A
      postinfusion fistulogram was performed on seven of eight occasions and
      demonstrated partial clot lysis in two patients or a stenotic lesion requiring
      surgical revision in two other cases. In conclusion, streptokinase infusion into
      the thrombosed vascular access appears to be a safe and efficacious technique for
      this patient population.

PMID- 4026472
TI  - Long-term follow-up of diabetic patients using insulin infusion pumps.
      Considerations for future clinical application.
AB  - Current debate about the use of insulin infusion pumps in the treatment of
      diabetes mellitus is partly attributable to a lack of available data about the
      long-term course of patients who use pumps. We evaluated the course of our first
      20 patients treated with insulin infusion pumps. Two or more years after the
      inception of therapy, only half of these patients were still using the insulin
      infusion pump. Psychosocial stresses, which affected glycemic control, were
      identified retrospectively in a majority of patients, but were not appreciated
      when pump therapy was initiated, despite our best attempts to do so. Mean
      hemoglobin A1 levels decreased significantly for the entire group and for the
      subgroup that did not discontinue pump therapy. These results suggest that
      insulin pump programs must have the resources to provide appropriate support for
      all candidates, including unsuitable candidates, who present for treatment with
      insulin infusion pumps.

PMID- 4026473
TI  - Red cell fragmentation syndrome with the use of subclavian hemodialysis
      catheters.
AB  - The red cell fragmentation syndrome can occur due to abnormalities of the heart
      or the blood vessels or vascular malformations. We describe three patients who
      developed symptomatic hemolytic anemia due to red cell fragmentation with the use
      of single-lumen subclavian hemodialysis catheters. Retrospective analysis of 75
      other patients who had undergone dialysis through this catheter disclosed five
      additional cases. Red cell fragmentation appears to be associated with partial
      catheter occlusion by thrombus or development of a clot at the catheter tip or
      both. The fragmentation resolved in all cases on withdrawal of the catheter. All
      patients with this catheter should be closely monitored for the red cell
      fragmentation syndrome, and the catheter should be withdrawn if it develops.
      White cell fragmentation was also seen in one patient.

PMID- 4026474
TI  - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with hemoptysis and nonlocalizing chest
      roentgenograms.
AB  - We reviewed retrospectively the records of 45 patients undergoing fiberoptic
      bronchoscopy for hemoptysis in whom chest roentgenograms either were normal or
      showed only nonlocalizing findings. Follow-up was available for up to three
      years. In none of the patients was evidence of malignant neoplasms found either
      at the time of the initial evaluation or at the time of follow-up. This was true
      for all age groups and for smokers as well as nonsmokers. We conclude that
      routine fiberoptic bronchoscopy for hemoptysis is not necessarily indicated in
      patients like ours. Indications for this procedure in this type of case should be
      carefully weighed.

PMID- 4026475
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome secondary to tularemia pneumonia.
AB  - Three patients with tularemia pneumonia developed adult respiratory distress
      syndrome and required positive end-expiratory pressure for adequate oxygenation.
      Rapid improvement was noted following appropriate antibiotic therapy, and
      mechanical ventilation was successfully discontinued after six to eight days.

PMID- 4026476
TI  - Endoscopic laser therapy for malignancies affecting the esophagus and
      gastroesophageal junction. Analysis of technical and functional efficacy.
AB  - Thirty consecutive patients with far-advanced cancer affecting the esophagus and
      gastroesophageal junction underwent palliative endoscopic neodymium-YAG laser
      therapy. No patients were excluded from treatment, regardless of age, extent of
      disease, or performance status. Sessions were performed every other day and
      concluded when an endoscope could be easily passed beyond the previously
      obstructed area. Treatment was completed in 3.3 sessions (seven days). Luminal
      patency was achieved in 97%, but did not always equate with functional success.
      Seventy percent (21 patients) were able to ingest all necessary calories and
      leave hospital for home (functional success). Reasons for discrepancy between
      technical success and functional success included radiation-induced pharyngeal
      dysphagia, anorexia, painful tumor load and debility, and treatment
      complications. Endoscopic laser therapy of far-advanced esophageal or
      gastroesophageal junction carcinoma was almost always technically feasible, with
      relatively low morbidity. While technical success could not always be equated
      with functional success, therapy was "completely" functionally successful in 70%
      of patients with far-advanced disease. Poor performance status at accession
      correlated best with poor functional outcome.

PMID- 4026477
TI  - Computed tomography in diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma and its
      variants.
AB  - The use of computed tomography (CT) was evaluated in 25 patients with multiple
      myeloma, six with extramedullary plasmacytoma, and two with undiagnosed lesions.
      We found that CT was useful for (1) patients with multiple myeloma who had bone
      pain but normal roentgenograms, (2) patients with an M-protein, bone marrow
      plasmacytosis, and back pain from osteoporosis and compression fractures but an
      inconclusive diagnosis of multiple myeloma, (3) the determination of extent of
      tumor, and (4) guidance in needle biopsy.

PMID- 4026478
TI  - Propoxyphene and acetaminophen mixture (Darvocet)--related radiation-induced
      pneumonitis.
AB  - In a patient undergoing radiation therapy for recurrent, metastatic breast
      cancer, a mixture of propoxyphene and acetaminophen (Darvocet) was given for
      intercurrent viral infection. Discontinuation of therapy with this medication
      coincided with appearance of pneumonitis, reminiscent of the steroid withdrawal-
      related radiation pneumonitis.

PMID- 4026479
TI  - A case of carbimazole-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. An immune-mediated
      reaction?
AB  - A patient is described with cholestatic hepatitis following the use of
      carbimazole. A liver biopsy specimen showed intracanalicular cholestasis and some
      mononuclear cell infiltrate in the portal triades, consistent with drug toxicity;
      indications of an autoimmune or viral pathogenesis were absent. Rechallenge with
      the drug precipitated jaundice and disturbed liver function once more.
      Carbimazole induced a blastogenic response of patient lymphocytes in vitro. Both
      may suggest the involvement of an immune-mediated reaction, especially as it has
      been shown that sensitized lymphocytes may produce a cholestatic factor on
      stimulation with antigen.

PMID- 4026480
TI  - Immune hemolytic anemia associated with sulindac.
AB  - A number of adverse reactions have been associated with sulindac, a nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory drug, but acute hemolytic anemia associated with sulindac has
      not yet been reported, to our knowledge. We encountered two cases of severe
      immune hemolytic anemia, one fatal, which appear to have been related to
      sulindac. In vitro studies provided evidence that antibodies to sulindac and its
      metabolites were present in the serum of both patients.

PMID- 4026481
TI  - Stress-related sudden death.

PMID- 4026482
TI  - Mean red blood cell volume, narcotic addiction, and glucose tolerance.

PMID- 4026483
TI  - Cloxacillin-induced leukopenia.

PMID- 4026484
TI  - Interpretation of red blood cell indices by the nonhematologist.

PMID- 4026485
TI  - Is a smokeless society by 2000 achievable?

PMID- 4026486
TI  - The optimal antithrombotic dose of aspirin.

PMID- 4026487
TI  - Simple method for maintaining serum lidocaine levels in the therapeutic range.
AB  - Lidocaine hydrochloride is commonly infused intravenously to prevent ventricular
      arrhythmias. In some patients, elevations in serum lidocaine levels can cause
      serious toxic effects. In a group of 19 patients given a constant infusion of
      lidocaine, we confirmed the observation that serum lidocaine levels rose
      significantly between four and 24 hours after initiation of therapy. One of these
      patients manifested a toxic reaction to lidocaine. The lidocaine infusion rate
      was modified in a second group of 32 patients on the basis of the four-hour serum
      level. In these patients, after dosage adjustment, the mean lidocaine level did
      not rise, and all levels remained within the 2- to 4-mg/L therapeutic range at 24
      hours. Without dosage adjustment, half of these levels would have fallen outside
      the desired range. A simple formula can be used to adjust prophylactic lidocaine
      infusion rates to attain levels that remain therapeutic, yet nontoxic.

PMID- 4026488
TI  - Long-term follow-up after recovery from acute myocardial infarction. Observations
      on survival, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death.
AB  - A long-term 12-year follow-up of 248 patients surviving acute myocardial
      infarction indicated a cumulative survival of 89%, 68%, 53%, and 45% for 1, 5,
      10, and 12 years, respectively. When patients were assessed with five routinely
      obtained clinical factors, significant prognostic stratification of high- and low
      risk survival groups extended throughout the follow-up period. Sudden cardiac
      death was found to be twice as frequent as nonsudden cardiac death, but a
      significant relationship between sudden death and complex ventricular ectopic
      beats could not be defined. The extent of complex features of ventricular ectopic
      beats such as pairs, multiform, repetitive, and R-on-T was inversely related to
      survival. During the first year after acute myocardial infarction, frequency of
      ventricular ectopic beats was also inversely related to survival. A long-term
      effect of frequency on survival, however, could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 4026489
TI  - Time course of serum cardiac enzymes after intracoronary thrombolytic therapy.
      Creatine kinase, creatine kinase MB isozyme, lactate dehydrogenase, and serum
      glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase.
AB  - We analyzed the time course of serum creatine kinase (CK), the CK MB isozyme,
      lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)
      activity and calculated rates of increase and decline for CK in 24 consecutive
      patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who received intracoronary
      thrombolytic therapy. In 19 patients with successfully reperfused infarcts, peak
      CK activity occurred at 14.1 +/- 1.1 hours after onset of symptoms, the maximal
      rate of CK rise was 595 +/- 102 IU/L/hr, and the fractional disappearance rate
      (Kd) was (86 +/- 6) X 10(-5)/min. The peak CK MB activity occurred at 12.9 +/-
      0.8 hours and the MB Kd was (223 +/- 39) X 10(-5)/min. In five patients in the
      nonreperfused group the peak CK (24.9 +/- 4.5 hours) and CK MB (22.7 +/- 3.3
      hours) activity occurred later, the maximal rate of CK rise (281 +/- 37 IU/L/hr)
      was less, and the CK Kd [(68 +/- 5) X 10(-5)/min] and MB Kd [(116 +/- 28) X 10(
      5)/min] were lower. The peak CK, CK MB, cumulative CK release, and area under the
      curve were not different. Except for a shortened time to peak SGOT in the
      reperfused (17.1 +/- 1.3 hours) compared with the nonreperfused (29.1 +/- 5.6
      hours) groups, the time course of LDH and SGOT were not different. Thus, the
      initial serum CK kinetics and time to peak SGOT may be useful in assessing the
      reperfusion status in patients with AMI receiving thrombolytic therapy without
      coronary angiography or in those who may have spontaneous recanalization.

PMID- 4026490
TI  - Aortic valve prolapse in congenital and acquired systemic disease.
AB  - Aortic valve prolapse, an uncommon finding in subjects with aortic insufficiency,
      occurred in one patient with rheumatoid arthritis and one with a congenital
      bicuspid aortic valve, conditions in which aortic insufficiency has been commonly
      attributed to aortic root dilatation and incomplete aortic valve closure,
      respectively. Aortic valve prolapse may be more commonly reported as the cause of
      aortic insufficiency in these conditions now that noninvasive techniques, such as
      echocardiography, are available.

PMID- 4026491
TI  - Magnesium toxicity as a cause of hypotension and hypoventilation. Occurrence in
      patients with normal renal function.
AB  - Symptomatic hypermagnesemia usually requires both increased intake of the ion and
      abnormal renal function; however, we treated two patients with iatrogenic
      hypermagnesemia (10.4 and 13.2 mEg/L) who had normal renal function. One received
      ureteral irrigation with hemiacidrin (Renacidin) to dissolve a stone, and the
      other was treated for ingestion of an unknown toxin with large doses of magnesium
      sulfate. Therapy included ventilatory support, intravenous calcium, and fluids.
      Dialysis was not required, and recovery was complete.

PMID- 4026492
TI  - Outpatient computer-based 32-hour esophageal pH studies teletransmitted to a
      central esophageal laboratory.
AB  - Using a computer-based 32-hour esophageal pH system with a small patient-worn
      digital recording computer, outpatient studies are performed in the physiologic
      environment of the patient's workplace and home. Samples are taken at 15-s
      intervals, and the pH data stored in this computer are then fed into the main
      computer in the Central Esophageal Laboratory for analysis, scoring, printing
      out, and storage. Satellite esophageal laboratories located in regional
      hospitals, clinics, and physicians' offices conduct pH studies by
      telecommunication, using antimony electrodes, a recording computer, and a modem
      to transmit data to the main computer for high-quality computer analysis. One
      main computer and associated personnel serve multiple satellite stations. This
      maintains patient-physician relationships and is highly cost-effective.

PMID- 4026494
TI  - Cardiac disability. The impact of coronary heart disease on patients' daily
      activities.
AB  - We studied 100 men with clinically stable coronary heart disease. Their capacity
      for exertion as defined by treadmill test was compared with the physical and
      social avocational activities they carried out in their daily routine, as
      reported by them. Exercise capacity (treadmill time) was strongly correlated with
      a physician's independent assessment of symptomatic status (anginal history).
      Although participation in some relatively strenuous elective activities was
      related slightly to exercise capacity, participation in many household duties and
      social undertakings bore no relationship to exercise capacity or to other
      measures of the severity of the underlying heart disease. The patients' own
      perceptions of their cardiac limitation varied for different activities and for
      some activities it was determined as much by their own concern and outside advice
      as by cardiac symptoms. Decreased capacity for exertion seems to exert
      surprisingly little influence on a cardiac patient's daily routine and
      interventions aimed at altering one of these measures of performance will not
      necessarily affect the other.

PMID- 4026495
TI  - Removal of therapeutic drugs by continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration.
AB  - Plasma and ultrafiltrate drug concentrations were determined for 17 drugs in ten
      patients receiving continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Ultrafiltrate
      concentrations were not always predictable because of multiple factors, which may
      include altered drug-protein binding in these very ill patients.

PMID- 4026493
TI  - The interpretation of the spirogram. How accurate is it for 'obstruction'?
AB  - The accuracy of the spirogram in detecting or excluding airway obstruction based
      on airflow limitation was assessed prospectively in 200 subjects, 74 with
      obstruction and 126 without it. The diagnosis of airway obstruction was based on
      a combination of clinical and body plethysmographic data. The ratio of forced
      expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC %) had a sensitivity
      of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.98. A fixed lower limit seemed better than a lower
      limit based on prediction formulas. Because specificity is so much higher than
      sensitivity, less precise clinical information is required to confirm the
      presence of obstruction if FEV1/FVC % is abnormal than is needed to exclude
      obstruction if FEV1/FVC % is normal. Using a combination of FEV1/FVC % and the
      ratio of forced expiratory flow (FEF) at 50% of FVC gave a higher sensitivity
      with a comparable specificity when compared with FEV1/FVC % used alone. A normal
      value for FEF between 25% and 75% of FVC virtually ruled out obstruction, but low
      values had poor specificity.

PMID- 4026496
TI  - Hepatitis B virus in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation training course. Risk of
      transmission from a surface antigen-positive participant.
AB  - A group exposure to cardiopulmonary resuscitation training manikins contaminated
      by saliva from a participant during the immediate presymptomatic infectious stage
      of "e" antigen-positive hepatitis B recently occurred. None of the 18 susceptible
      participants developed serologic or clinical evidence of new hepatitis B
      infection during the six-month postexposure observation period. The risk of
      transmission in this setting appears to be low. Postexposure prophylaxis does not
      appear indicated.

PMID- 4026497
TI  - Intermittent left bundle branch block and associated T-wave abnormalities.

PMID- 4026499
TI  - Tyrosinemia II. A large North Carolina kindred.

PMID- 4026498
TI  - Magnesium depletion as a cause of refractory potassium repletion.

PMID- 4026500
TI  - Aggravated CNS depression with urinary retention secondary to baclofen
      administration.
AB  - A 74-year-old woman with a history of cerebrovascular disease developed profound
      central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory depression, generalized hypotonia,
      sinus bradycardia, and urinary retention following an increase in dose of
      baclofen, an antispasticity agent. Before receiving baclofen therapy the patient
      had had minor urinary dysfunction associated with a remote cerebrovascular
      accident but no urinary retention. Cessation of baclofen therapy and the relief
      of the urinary obstruction improved mental status and normalized motor function
      within 24 hours. A withdrawal syndrome of agitation, hallucinosis, and convulsive
      activity persisted for eight days following discontinuation of the baclofen. Our
      experience suggests that patients with various forms of CNS disease states may be
      at risk of serious CNS depression with even small therapeutic doses of baclofen.

PMID- 4026501
TI  - Improved oxygenation after muscle relaxation in adult respiratory distress
      syndrome.
AB  - Arterial blood oxygenation improved repeatedly after sedation and paralysis in a
      27-year-old woman requiring mechanical ventilation for the adult respiratory
      distress syndrome. Oxygen consumption and cardiac output decreased
      proportionately after paralysis so that the partial pressure of oxygen in mixed
      venous blood remained unchanged. Paralysis eliminated inspiratory distortion of
      the airway pressure waveform and prevented forceful use of expiratory
      musculature. A flow-related reduction of venous admixture or recruitment of lung
      volume may best explain the beneficial effect of muscle relaxation on arterial
      saturation.

PMID- 4026502
TI  - Streptokinase therapy of pulmonary emboli with heparin-associated
      thrombocytopenia.
AB  - A 59-year-old man developed pulmonary emboli with heparin-associated
      thrombocytopenia. He was treated simultaneously with intravenous streptokinase
      and oral warfarin sodium. He responded with complete resolution of perfusion
      defects on lung scan and did not have any hemorrhagic or thrombotic problems.
      Although optimal therapy for patients with heparin-associated thrombocytopenia
      and thrombosis is unknown, fibrinolytic therapy may be useful despite
      thrombocytopenia, provided appropriate resources are available for careful
      patient monitoring and transfusion therapy.

PMID- 4026503
TI  - Thromboangiitis obliterans associated with idiopathic hypereosinophilia.
AB  - A 47-year-old male smoker with chronic eosinophilia developed progressive
      ischemia in his extremities. Pathologic examination of vessels in amputated limbs
      revealed changes of thromboangiitis obliterans. Focal segments of some arteries,
      however, revealed infiltration of thrombus and vessel wall by eosinophils.
      Furthermore, the patient developed a totally occluded right temporal artery,
      which on biopsy specimen showed marked infiltration by eosinophils within the
      vessel wall. In contrast to most patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome,
      however, this patient had no evidence of endomyocardial thrombosis or fibrosis.
      In view of recent evidence that eosinophil granule proteins are toxic to
      endothelial cells, the findings in this patient suggest the possibility that
      eosinophils may be involved in the pathogenesis of thromboangiitis obliterans.

PMID- 4026504
TI  - Mediterranean spotted fever in an American woman.
AB  - Mediterranean spotted fever is common in southern Europe, the Middle East, and
      North Africa, but is unknown in the United States. It has a clinical picture
      resembling Rocky Mountain spotted fever, but it is a milder disease. We report a
      case of Mediterranean spotted fever in a young American woman returning from
      Morocco and review the clinical picture of this disease.

PMID- 4026506
TI  - Myoglobinuria in neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 4026505
TI  - Thyrotoxic thyroiditis after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Exposure of the thyroid gland to ionizing radiation has been associated with a
      variety of abnormalities. Among these are tardive hypothyroidism and an increased
      risk of developing thyroid nodules and cancer. Although acute thyroiditis has
      been known to complicate radioactive iodine 131 therapy, it has rarely been
      associated with external beam irradiation. Thyrotoxic painless thyroiditis
      developed in two patients after mantle-field irradiation for Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4026507
TI  - Nortriptyline and protriptyline in hyperventilation.

PMID- 4026508
TI  - Warfarin-erythromycin interaction.

PMID- 4026509
TI  - Arterial occlusion with coils.

PMID- 4026510
TI  - Hypertension screening with inversion.

PMID- 4026511
TI  - Quinidine-induced lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 4026512
TI  - Pulmonary embolus.

PMID- 4026513
TI  - Nonpharmacologic treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 4026514
TI  - Kerosene-induced abscesses.

PMID- 4026515
TI  - Poor Mrs D., poor medicine.

PMID- 4026516
TI  - High incidence of carcinoma.

PMID- 4026517
TI  - Esophageal atresia without tracheobronchial communication in a 9 mm human embryo
      (Carnegie stage 16).

PMID- 4026518
TI  - [Characteristics of the dorsal surface of the human fetal tongue seen with the
      scanning electron microscope].

PMID- 4026519
TI  - Motor units of the human abductor digiti minimi.

PMID- 4026520
TI  - Mucosal and submucosal veins of the human pharyngo-esophageal transition.

PMID- 4026522
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic study of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in
      duck and rabbit.
AB  - The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) cells of both young and adult ducks as
      well as of rabbits were investigated by scanning electron microscope. The rabbit
      showed only ovoid unipolar cells, while the duck also presented polyhedral cells.
      Few of these latter revealed processes originating from their surface and were
      recognized as multipolar cells. Some differences between the MTN cell surface of
      young and adult ducks were noticed. Synaptic bulbs were observed on the MTN cells
      in both duck and rabbit.

PMID- 4026521
TI  - Differential action upon sleep states of ventrolateral and central areas of
      pontine tegmental field.
AB  - In order to study oral pontine mechanisms of the sleep- wakefulness cycle (SWC),
      modifications in the total amount, frequency, and duration of episodes of
      wakefulness (W), drowsiness (D), slow sleep (SS) and paradoxical sleep (PS)
      together with modifications in the hourly distribution of both sleep states were
      analyzed in 15 adult cats. Three animals were used as sham-operated controls. Six
      of them, Group I, received unilateral lesions in ventral and lateral areas of the
      nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (RPO) and rostral nucleus reticularis pontis
      caudalis (RPC). The remaining 6 cats, Group II, had unilateral lesions in the
      central part of the same nuclei. After ventrolateral lesions (Group I) decrease
      of PS and SS occurred, but only PS changes reached statistically significant
      values; while, on the contrary, a significant increase of SS and PS followed
      central lesions (Group II). Hourly distribution analysis indicated that in Group
      I decrease of both sleep states took place mainly at night, while in Group II
      increase of both SS and PS occurred during day. These results suggest a complex
      and non- uniform influence of the pontine tegmental area on SWC mechanisms.
      Effects obtained after unilateral lesions, precisely located in ventral and
      lateral or central parts, point to the existence of two functionally distinct,
      although almost overlapping, systems, at this level.

PMID- 4026523
TI  - Hypoglossal high threshold afferents projecting to the secondary somatosensory
      area in the cat.
AB  - Recording with microelectrodes in the anterior ectosylvian area of the cerebral
      cortex in cats showed responses on stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve. The
      responses persisted after cutting the hypoglossal rootlets close to the brainstem
      but disappeared after cutting the glossopharyngeal and vagal roots. The responses
      were high threshold and probably mediated by "pain fibers".

PMID- 4026524
TI  - Tonic facilitatory influences of dorsal pontine reticular structures on the
      response gain of limb extensors to sinusoidal labyrinth and neck stimulations.
AB  - Experiments were performed to find out whether changes in resting discharge of
      the inhibitory reticulospinal (RS) neurons of the medulla, produced either by
      selective destruction or by cholinergic activation of a pontine tegmental
      reticular system, may modify the response gain of limb extensor muscles to given
      parameters of roll tilt of the animal or neck rotation. In precollicular
      decerebrate cats, an electrolytic lesion of the dorsal aspect of the pontine
      tegmentum, which slightly increased the tonic contraction of limb extensors,
      greatly decreased the amplitude of the multiunit EMG response of forelimb
      extensor muscles, i.e. of the medial head of the triceps brachii, to roll tilt of
      the animal and neck rotation (at 0.15 Hz, +/- 10 degrees), leading to selective
      stimulation of labyrinth or neck receptors. Correspondingly, the response gain of
      the forelimb extensors to labyrinth and neck stimulation decreased, but no change
      in the phase angle of the responses was observed. These findings did not depend
      on the increased postural activity, since they were still observed in the absence
      of any change in spontaneous EMG activity of the triceps brachii following the
      lesion. The changes in posture as well as in response gain of the forelimb
      extensors to labyrinth and neck stimulation produced by the pontine lesion
      appeared suddenly, and persisted for several hours throughout the survival
      period. Moreover, these changes involved mainly, but not exclusively, the limbs
      ipsilateral to the side of the lesion. Histological controls indicated that the
      structure responsible for the postural and reflex changes described above
      corresponded to the dorsal aspect of the pontine tegmentum located immediately
      ventral to the locus coeruleus (LC); this area corresponded to the peri-LC region
      as well as the surrounding pontine reticular formation (RF), including the dorsal
      aspect of the central tegmental field. This region closely corresponds to the
      area from which a tegmentoreticular tract, ending on the medullary inhibitory
      area, originates. It was previously shown that unilateral or bilateral lesion of
      the LC, which decreased the extensor tonus in the ipsilateral limbs, greatly
      enhanced the response gain of the triceps brachii to sinusoidal stimulation of
      labyrinth and neck receptors. These findings were attributed to suppression of an
      inhibitory influence that the LC exerts on the dorsal pontine reticular
      structures described above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4026525
TI  - Observations on the cerebello-hypothalamic projection, with comments on non
      somatic cerebellar circuits.
AB  - The circuits responsible for cerebellar influences on nonsomatic responses have
      remained largely unknown. This report reviews some recent findings and present
      new data concerning pathways probably involved in this aspect of cerebellar
      function. A projection from the cerebellar nuclei to the hypothalamus was
      described several years ago, and a direct projection from hypothalamus to the
      cerebellum has recently been reported (6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16). The present study
      gives evidence that the projections between hypothalamus and the cerebellar
      nuclei are at least in part reciprocal. The discovery of such reciprocal
      connections introduces new routes through which the cerebellum may directly
      interact with non-somatic centres and offers a more complete picture of the
      circuits which may be responsible for cerebellar modulation of visceral activity
      and certain aspects of affective behavior. The demonstration of such circuits
      indicates that the cerebellum acts as a general modulator and coordinator of a
      variety of activities, many of which are non-somatic in nature.

PMID- 4026526
TI  - Role of the pulvinar-lateralis posterior nucleus complex (P-LP) in the
      experimental epilepsy of the cat.
AB  - The ability of the pulvinar-lateralis posterior nucleus complex (P-LP) to evoke
      epileptic activity when stimulated, was studied in 20 adult cats. Twelve animals
      were analyzed after they recovered from the surgical procedure (chronic model).
      In seven of them a cannula with electrodes was implanted in the P-LP and one
      twisted bipolar electrode was placed ipsilaterally in the following structures:
      hippocampus, superior colliculus, caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex. Through
      the cannula Na penicillin was injected. The electrodes allowed both to stimulate
      and to record the electrical activity. In the remaining five cats, the cannula
      was implanted in hippocampus in order to compare its sensitivity to generate
      epileptic activity to that of P-LP. Another group of eight cats were surgically
      implanted and studied in the same day (acute model). In four of them the cannula
      was placed in the P-LP through the temporal pathway, to avoid crossing the
      hippocampus and the ventricle. In another four, penicillin was injected in the P
      LP after suctioning the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus overlying the former
      structure. Epileptic activity could be induced in P-LP and it spread rapidly to
      hippocampus and after a while to the other implanted structures. This was
      observed both with penicillin and electrical stimulation. The sensitivity of P-LP
      to generate epileptic activity was lower than that of the hippocampus. In
      particular, it was necessary to use two to ten times more penicillin and three
      times the electrical current intensity in the P-LP as compared to the values
      needed in the hippocampus. These results are discussed in view of the
      controversial problem about the ability of the thalamus to generate and spread
      epileptic activity.

PMID- 4026527
TI  - [Development of a Spanish scale for the evaluation of aphasia].

PMID- 4026529
TI  - [Schizophrenia as a psychosomatic expression of mental disease. Reality of a
      single psychosis].

PMID- 4026528
TI  - [Acute hemiplegia in childhood].

PMID- 4026530
TI  - [Alcohol programs in a general hospital].

PMID- 4026531
TI  - Erythropoiesis in mice with chemically-induced tumor.
AB  - The erythropoietic response of Strain A mice with benzo(a)pyrene-induced
      fibrosarcoma has been studied. The rate of erythropoiesis, expressed in terms of
      59Fe incorporation into circulating erythrocytes, was slightly increased in the
      fibrosarcomatous mice compared to the matched controls. The femoral marrow of the
      tumor hosts became hypocellular with reduced number of erythroblasts. The spleen,
      on the other hand, was hypercellular with an increased number of erythroid
      progenitor cells. Quantitative assessment of erythropoietic activity in the
      hematopoietic organs by measuring the 6-hr organ uptake of 59Fe revealed
      erythropoietic suppression in the marrow but enhancement in the spleen following
      tumor development. While the number of CFU-s in the femoral marrow of the tumor
      bearing animals was slightly increased, marked increase in the concentration as
      well as absolute number of CFU-s was found in the spleen. Bioassay for
      erythropoietin revealed appreciable increase in the level of plasma
      erythropoietin in the tumor-bearing animals.

PMID- 4026532
TI  - Quality control study for estradiol receptor determination.
AB  - Lyophilized calf uterine cytosol standards for estradiol receptor (ER) were
      prepared separately in two institutes. The ER binding capacity was determined by
      dextran-coated charcoaL (DCC)-technique using a multi-point Scatchard analysis.
      The intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation determined on the Hungarian
      preparation were 13.10% and 14.70%. The dissociation constant (Kd) values of all
      the samples ranged between 1.2 X 10(-9) M and 9.35 X 10(-10) M. Standards stored
      at--70 degrees C and at 0-4 degrees C proved to be stable for several months. At
      ambient temperature, a progressive decline of the ER activity was observed during
      a 1 year storage period. The use of the lyophilized calf uterine cytosol
      standards stored at 0-4 degrees C is recommended for both intra- and inter
      laboratory quality control study in multicentric clinical trials of breast
      cancer.

PMID- 4026533
TI  - Some aspects referring the methodology of estradiol receptor investigations for
      clinical purposes.
AB  - During the last years it had been tried to standardize the dextran-coated
      charcoal method for estradiol receptor determinations in the field of
      investigations of mammary tumor tissue probes intensively. But disintegration and
      homogenization of the tissue had not rendered enough attention in this
      connection. We could show that intensive homogenization procedures result in
      worse saturation curves in contrast to sparing procedures if parallel tissue
      probes were investigated. Therefore the application of a sparing homogenization
      seems to be an important precondition to get a correct determination of estradiol
      receptors in human breast cancer tissues.

PMID- 4026534
TI  - Homolytic substitution and carbenoidic reactions in the preparation of
      benzimidazole derivatives of pharmaceutical interest: synthesis and properties of
      (2-cycloalkyl-1-benzimidazolyl)-N,N-diethylacetamides.

PMID- 4026535
TI  - Potential antitumor agents, XIV. 1,8-Disubstituted anthraquinones.

PMID- 4026536
TI  - [Actions of new iminium compounds on selected bacterial and fungal strains. 10.
      Synthesis of N-alkoxymethylquinolinium chlorides and their derivatives].

PMID- 4026537
TI  - Studies on potential antiviral compounds, XXIV. New 1-substituted isatin beta
      thiosemicarbazones.

PMID- 4026538
TI  - Hydroxy-3-(hydroxyphenyl)indoles. Relationship between structure and estrogen
      receptor affinity.

PMID- 4026539
TI  - Synthesis of 1,5-dihydro-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones
      and their ribosides and Mannich bases.

PMID- 4026540
TI  - [A one-step process for the preparation of gamma-ylidene-alpha,beta-butenolides].

PMID- 4026541
TI  - [14C-labeling of alifedrine hydrochloride, a new positive inotropic compound].

PMID- 4026542
TI  - [Spectrophotometric determination of cation- and anion-active constituents of
      drugs following ion pair extraction].

PMID- 4026543
TI  - [Quinazolinones. 3. Synthesis, pharmacology and structure-activity relationship
      of derivatives of 2-methyl-3-(4-oxo-3-phenyl-thiazolidin-2-ylidenamino)-4(3H) 
      quinazolinone].

PMID- 4026544
TI  - [Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of quinazolinone derivatives].

PMID- 4026545
TI  - Syntheses of 7Z,9E,11Z,14E-leukotrienes, biologically highly active SRS
      compounds.

PMID- 4026546
TI  - [Protein binding of drugs in continuous ultrafiltration. 6. Protein binding of
      acenocoumarol].

PMID- 4026547
TI  - Cognitive dysfunction and mild closed head injury in traumatic spinal cord
      injury.
AB  - Previous investigators have reported that 25%-50% of traumatic spinal cord injury
      (SCI) patients sustain loss of consciousness (LOC), posttraumatic amnesia (PTA),
      or both concurrently with their SCI. A LOC of 20 minutes or less, or a PTA of 24
      hours has been associated with prolonged time off work, and deficits in
      attention, concentration, memory, and judgment. Consequently, many traumatic SCI
      patients may also be the victims of a concomitant closed head injury (CHI) with
      cognitive sequelae. To test this hypothesis, a prospective study was conducted of
      30 consecutive trauma-related SCI patients admitted to the Rehabilitation
      Institute of Chicago to determine the incidence of CHI and cognitive dysfunction
      (CD). The Halstead Category Test (HCT) was administered to each patient between 8
      and 12 weeks after injury, and was considered abnormal if the patient committed
      51 or more errors. Fifty-seven percent (n = 11) of all patients had abnormal HCT
      scores suggestive of higher level cognitive dysfunction. Patients with a new CHI
      had a mean HCT score of 65.2, as compared to 63.5 for patients with a premorbid
      CHI, and 46.3 for patients without a history of CHI. Although there was a trend
      toward higher HCT scores in patients who had any history of CHI, these
      differences did not reach statistical significance. The results of this study
      suggest that many trauma-related SCI patients are at risk for CD eight weeks
      after injury. Such cognitive abnormalities would be expected to impede
      rehabilitation and retard the requisite learning of new skills.

PMID- 4026548
TI  - Prediction of rehabilitation status of young adults with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - This study determined the relationship between vocational and educational plans,
      work values, vocational choice, awareness of occupational requirements,
      intelligence, self-esteem, and clinical severity of patients with cystic fibrosis
      and their school and vocational status six years after hospital clinical
      evaluation. Initially, 52 adolescents were tested on the Goldberg Vocational
      Development Scale, the Army General Classification Test, Tennessee Self-Concept
      Scale, and the Shwachman-Kulczycki System of Clinical Evaluation. Six years later
      each patient was sent a questionnaire to determine current school and employment.
      All data were subjected to intercorrelations (Pearson and biserial r) and
      analysis of variance. Eighteen survived and 15 responded. Ten were working in a
      variety of professional, semi-professional, and clerical jobs, two were
      unemployed due to cystic fibrosis, and three were still attending college. Of the
      15, eight had graduated from college, nursing, or graduate school; one graduated
      from high school; three were full time students; and three were parttime
      students. The best predictors of school status were severity of illness (r = 
      0.55, p less than 0.01), and higher self esteem (r = 0.43, p less than 0.05). No
      single measure predicted work status. In a two-way analysis of variance using
      clinical severity and the average vocational development score, the main effect
      for severity (F = 4.19, p less than 0.05) was significant for student, but not
      for work status. It was concluded that the most powerful predictor of current
      student status was mild severity.

PMID- 4026549
TI  - Social functioning assessment in stroke patients.
AB  - The influence of depression, intellectual function, and physical impairment on
      patient reports of social functioning was assessed by comparing responses
      obtained from 30 stroke patients with those obtained from an outside informant
      who knew the patient well. There was relatively good agreement between patient
      and other for both the overall score on the Social Functioning Examination (SFE)
      and individual items related to specific aspects of social functioning.
      Differences between scores obtained from a patient and outside informant were not
      significantly related to either depression, moderate degrees of intellectual
      impairment, relative closeness of patient and informant or to degree of physical
      impairment. These data suggest that valid SF assessments can be made either by a
      stroke patient who is capable of being interviewed or by a familiar outside
      informant. In addition, the prognostic utility of the SFE was examined by
      interviewing 50 patients during the acute stroke period and following them over
      six months. Social functioning in-hospital scores were not found significantly
      related to 6-month scores for either depression, intellectual impairment, or
      physical impairment, but depression and in-hospital impairment significantly
      predicted social functioning at 6-month follow-up. These data suggest that the
      most impaired stroke patients are the most likely to undergo social deterioration
      during the post-stroke period and may require the greatest amount of social
      intervention. Whether treatment of these variables significantly affects 6-month
      outcome remains an intriguing question for further study.

PMID- 4026550
TI  - Spinal cord injury: its short-term impact on marital status.
AB  - We have had the impression that patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience
      fewer marriages and more divorces than their noninjured counterparts. To test
      this impression statistically, we examined the influence of SCI in association
      with other select variables on the marital status of 276 patients injured between
      1973 and 1980 and treated at the University of Alabama in Birmingham Spinal Cord
      Injury Care System. The expected numbers of marriages and divorces in the study
      population were based on comparison with reported marriage and divorce rates for
      the general US population. Discriminant analysis was employed to identify
      variables associated significantly with a postinjury change in marital status.
      Substantially fewer marriages and more divorces occurred than were expected (p
      less than 0.05). No variables were associated significantly with marrying within
      three years of injury. However, divorcing patients were significantly more likely
      to be young black women who had been previously divorced, had no children, and
      had Barthel scores of less than 80. Using the most effective combination of these
      variables, 38.7% of the variance was explained, and the postinjury marital status
      of 81.5% of patients married at injury was predicted correctly. While other
      determinants of postinjury marital status undoubtedly exist, the likelihood of
      divorce can be assessed using a comparatively small set of predictor variables.

PMID- 4026551
TI  - Functional changes in vascular amputee patients: evaluation by Barthel Index,
      PULSES profile and ESCROW scale.
AB  - This study evaluated the changes made by 60 peripheral vascular amputees from one
      month prior to admission to six months after attending a rehabilitation hospital.
      The Barthel index, PULSES profile, and ESCROW profile were used to measure
      functional status, social support, and rehabilitation progress. Statistical
      analysis consisted of t-tests to determine significant differences between the
      means of scores at varying intervals, and analysis of variance was added to
      determine interactions between amputation level, age, and sex as related to
      functional change. Amputees showed significant gains in Barthel scores from
      admission to discharge; this was attributed to rehabilitation intervention. They
      showed a significant decrease by the PULSES profile over the study period,
      indicating a decrease in independence from their premorbid function. Changes in
      ESCROW scores showed patients to have a greater need for social supports as they
      moved from admission to discharge. Age was a significant factor in mobility at
      discharge as measured by the Barthel index. As measured by the PULSES profile,
      men did better than women at six months follow-up. Unexpected results were that
      neither amputation level nor the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus had a
      significant impact on functional status as measured. The lack of significant
      differences by amputation level may be due to factors of age and sex, as well as
      to more depression in the below-knee group.

PMID- 4026553
TI  - Multiple primary epidermoid carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract.
AB  - In a series of 405 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck, 52
      patients (13%) developed multiple epidermoid carcinomas of the upper
      aerodigestive tract. Subsequent primary tumors developed with nearly equal
      frequency in the head and neck, lung, and esophagus. Forty of the patients
      developed a subsequent primary carcinoma within five years of the first. Thirty
      eight (73%) of the patients who developed a subsequent primary carcinoma survived
      less than two years from its diagnosis. The majority (34/50) of the patients died
      from the subsequent primary carcinoma. We recommend that panendoscopy and an
      esophagogram be performed on initial evaluation of patients with head and neck
      cancer. A thorough reexamination is warranted if new symptoms or signs develop.

PMID- 4026552
TI  - Use of the long tube in the management of patients with small-intestinal
      obstruction due to adhesions.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients admitted to our hospital
      over a six-year period with a diagnosis of small-intestinal obstruction due to
      adhesions, to assess the efficacy of treatment with long-tube decompression. Of
      127 episodes of obstruction, two thirds responded to nonoperative treatment.
      Factors that were associated with a greater likelihood of success with long-tube
      decompression included incomplete obstruction, recurrent obstruction, and passage
      of the tube beyond the pylorus. Clinical findings were relatively reliable as
      diagnostic indicators of strangulation. The overall mortality was 1.5%, with no
      deaths due to a delay in operative intervention. A trial of long-tube
      decompression is recommended in patients presenting with a diagnosis of small
      intestinal obstruction due to adhesions in the absence of clinical evidence of
      strangulation.

PMID- 4026554
TI  - Elemental diet as prophylaxis against radiation injury. Histological and
      ultrastructural studies.
AB  - We investigated whether elemental diet feeding would protect the intestine from
      radiation injury. Five dogs were fed an elemental diet for three days before
      receiving pelvic irradiation (500 rad/day for four days) and were maintained on
      the diet during the days of irradiation. These dogs were compared with five dogs
      that were fed normal kennel ration, but were treated similarly otherwise. One day
      and five days following completion of the radiation treatment, the dogs were
      anesthetized and a biopsy specimen of terminal ileum was taken for histologic and
      electron microscopic studies. In the dogs fed the elemental diet, there was no
      significant damage to the intestine seen on histological examination, and
      electron microscopy disclosed elongated microvilli and no organelle damage.
      However, both histological and electron microscopic examination of the intestine
      from dogs maintained on normal kennel ration showed that severe damage had
      occurred from the irradiation procedure. It seems, therefore, that the feeding of
      an elemental diet to dogs as a prophylaxis can afford protection to the intestine
      from the acute phase of radiation injury.

PMID- 4026555
TI  - Left renal vein division in abdominal aortic aneurysm operations. Effect on renal
      function.
AB  - We examined the effect of left renal vein (LRV) division during abdominal aortic
      aneurysm operations on renal function during the recovery period. Fifteen
      patients with LRV division were compared with 26 patients in whom the LRV was not
      ligated. These two groups of patients did not differ significantly in any of
      their preoperative characteristics, operative management, or postoperative
      complications. Preoperative, highest postoperative, and predischarge levels of
      plasma urea and creatinine, as well as urinary sediment, were compared in both
      groups. Left renal vein division could not be implicated as a cause of renal
      function deterioration and was found to be a safe, useful adjunct to abdominal
      aortic aneurysm surgery.

PMID- 4026556
TI  - Muscle prostaglandin production in the rat. Effect of abdominal sepsis and
      different amino acid formulations.
AB  - Recent in vitro studies attribute regulatory functions to prostaglandins (PGs) in
      muscle protein metabolism, particularly enhancing proteolysis. In the present
      study, the amount of muscle PG production from endogenous precursors was
      determined in control and septic animals (cecal ligation and puncture) that were
      infused with 5% dextrose or dextrose with three amino acid formulations differing
      in their branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) content. We could not detect any
      differences in prostaglandin E, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, and thromboxane B2
      production between control and septic animals. Furthermore, the infusion of
      BCAAs, which have previously been shown to be nitrogen sparing following injury,
      did not influence the production of any of the PGs studied in either control or
      septic muscle. It is likely that the effects of the BCAAs on muscle synthesis and
      degradation are independent of the PGs.

PMID- 4026557
TI  - Electric activity and motility in the side-to-side isoperistaltic ileal
      reservoir.
AB  - Twelve dogs underwent total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis with
      construction of a side-to-side isoperistaltic ileal reservoir 20 cm long. The
      average stool frequency was 18 per 24 hours within the first two weeks after
      operation, decreasing to five per 24 hours at eight weeks. Stool consistency was
      liquid at two weeks, becoming semisolid at eight weeks. Saline absorption from a
      normal segment of ileum 20 cm long was 29 mL/hr. The average saline absorption
      from the reservoir was 74 mL/hr at four weeks and 106 mL/hr at eight weeks. The
      average volume of a 20-cm segment of ileum with an intraluminal pressure of 10 cm
      H2O was 69 mL. The average reservoir volume with the same intraluminal pressure
      immediately after construction was 203 mL, increasing to 458 mL at eight weeks.
      Frequency of slow electric waves in the normal canine ileum was 15.71/min, which
      decreased to 10.21/min immediately after construction of the reservoir. By eight
      weeks, the slow waves increased to 13.51/min. It appears that electric activity
      in the muscle of the isoperistaltic lateral ileal reservoir returns to near
      normal eight weeks after operation. Enlargement of the reservoir in the absence
      of severe distention does not appear to interfere with peristaltic activity.
      Stool frequency is reduced simultaneously when peristaltic activity returns and
      the reservoir enlarges.

PMID- 4026559
TI  - Emergency intravenous pyelography in the trauma patient. A reexamination of the
      indications.
AB  - Because of the high incidence of abnormal intravenous pyelograms (IVPs) in
      victims of blunt trauma undergoing resuscitation, a retrospective review of the
      Trauma Registry at the University of California, San Diego Medical Center, was
      undertaken to evaluate the indications for ordering this test. The charts of 216
      patients were reviewed, all of whom had formal IVPs (four films) done as an
      emergency procedure at the time of admission. In this study, special attention
      was directed toward comparing both the degree of hematuria and the anatomic site
      of injury with the results of the IVP. A total of 20 renal injuries was detected
      by IVP. Of these injuries, all but one had hematuria that was greater than 50 red
      blood cells per high-power field. All but one of the abnormal IVPs were
      associated with obvious abdominal injuries. The results of the IVP influenced the
      clinical course of only one patient in the entire series. We conclude that the
      use of the formal IVP (four films) in the resuscitation phase of treating the
      multiply traumatized patient be reserved for those patients with penetrating
      abdominal injury or with hematuria consisting of greater than 50 red blood cells
      per high-power field. For any major blunt abdominal trauma without significant
      hematuria, a more simple and rapid study (one-shot IVP) to demonstrate bilateral
      nephrograms is probably adequate to rule out occult renal artery thrombosis.

PMID- 4026558
TI  - Pseudohyponatremia in acute hyperlipemic pancreatitis. A potential pitfall in
      therapy.
AB  - Six patients had apparent hyponatremia associated with hyperlipidemia and acute
      pancreatitis. To our knowledge, only one such patient with acute pancreatitis has
      previously been described, although the association of hyperlipidemia with
      "pseudohyponatremia" had been well documented. One of the above patients, whose
      condition was hemodynamically unstable on admission, developed dangerous symptoms
      of hyperosmolarity and cerebral dysfunction following aggressive resuscitation
      with hypertonic saline solution. The pseudohyponatremia results from displacement
      of water in the serum by the lipids, with sodium existing only in the aqueous
      phase. This volume displacement results in errors of sodium measurement when the
      latter is determined by flame photometry or indirect potentiometry, but not when
      determined by ultracentrifugation and direct potentiometry.

PMID- 4026560
TI  - Effects of gastrointestinal hormones on Oddi's sphincter and duodenal myoelectric
      activity and pancreatobiliary pressure. Studies in the opossum.
AB  - Myoelectric activity of Oddi's sphincter and duodenum was correlated with common
      duct and pancreatic duct pressures in conscious opossums after infusion of the
      following substances: cholecystokinin, pentagastrin, glucagon, secretin, and
      acetylcholine. Cholecystokinin and pentagastrin increased and glucagon and
      secretin decreased the frequency of spike potentials in Oddi's sphincter and the
      duodenum. Acetylcholine was associated with the largest increase in spike
      potentials in both Oddi's sphincter and the duodenum. Although there was
      variation in the number of pressure elevations related to Oddi's sphincter spike
      potentials, the baseline pressure remained constant during administration of the
      hormones. Acetylcholine infusion increased the biliary and pancreatic pressures
      to 29 and 31 mm Hg, respectively. We conclude that gastrointestinal hormones may
      have an important role in regulating the excretion of bile and pancreatic juice
      into the duodenum.

PMID- 4026561
TI  - A quality control analysis of aminoglycoside management.
AB  - Aminoglycoside administration practices were evaluated in a teaching hospital
      using three study methods: a chart review of 40 randomly selected patients
      receiving aminoglycosides was conducted retrospectively; 93 health care personnel
      involved in ordering and administering aminoglycosides to patients were
      interviewed regarding their understanding of aminoglycoside utilization
      practices; and ten patients having serum peak and trough aminoglycoside
      determinations were closely monitored for accuracy of dose administration and
      obtaining blood specimens at appropriate times. The chart review showed that
      during 15 of 32 evaluable therapy courses no determinations of serum
      aminoglycoside concentration were obtained. The survey demonstrated that only 24%
      of the residents actually used the results of peak and trough determinations to
      adjust dosage regimens. Direct observation of health care personnel disclosed
      only two of ten instances in which doses were administered and serum
      concentration specimens obtained with no apparent problems. Most personnel in our
      hospital were unaware of these pervasive suboptimal or inconsistent practices
      associated with aminoglycoside administration and interpretation of laboratory
      results.

PMID- 4026562
TI  - Further evidence supporting the existence of the celiac artery compression
      syndrome.
AB  - A 23-year-old man presented with prolonged postprandial epigastric pain and an
      epigastric bruit with systolic and diastolic components, the intensity of which
      decreased with inspiration as demonstrated by abdominal phonography.
      Arteriography demonstrated significant narrowing of the origin of the celiac
      artery. At operation, the origin of the celiac artery was found to be constricted
      by fibers of the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm, and this ligament was
      divided. Intraoperative flow measurements demonstrated an increase in blood flow
      through the main branches of the celiac axis, after division of the ligament.
      Four years following successful surgery, the patient has continued to be in good
      health without symptoms, and the bruit has remained absent. Further abdominal
      arteriography has demonstrated the normality of the celiac artery. We believe
      this to be a well-proven case of the "celiac artery compression syndrome."

PMID- 4026563
TI  - Esophageal motor dysfunction in an adult with a congenital tracheoesophageal
      fistula.
AB  - A preoperative barium esophagogram and esophageal manometry in an adult patient
      with an H-type congenital tracheoesophageal fistula revealed the typical
      esophageal motor abnormalities previously described following operative repair of
      esophageal atresia in infants. The upper esophageal sphincter contracted
      normally, the lower esophageal sphincter relaxation was weak and incomplete, and
      there was no active peristaltic wave within the esophagus. These findings support
      the theory that the abnormal esophageal motor function reported after repair of
      congenital tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia is on a congenital
      basis and is not directly attributable to operative trauma or denervation.

PMID- 4026564
TI  - Endarterectomy and restenosis.

PMID- 4026565
TI  - Wash away a bellyache.

PMID- 4026567
TI  - Surgery in Haiti revisited. An opportunity for a general surgeon.

PMID- 4026566
TI  - Polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for leg ischemia: facts and fiction.

PMID- 4026568
TI  - Effect of monensin on fermentation pattern and soybean protein degradation in the
      rumen of sheep.
AB  - The effect of a daily dose of 30 mg Monensin on rumen fermentation pattern and
      degradation of the crude protein fraction of soybean meal was investigated with
      sheep. Degradation parameters for soybean meal were measured by the nylon bag
      technique. Monensin increased propionic acid percentages in the rumen, with a
      concomitant decrease in acetic- and butyric acid proportions, thus confirming
      earlier work. Ammonia N concentration in the rumen was also lowered, indicating
      an inhibitory effect on rumen protein breakdown. However, no effect on
      degradation rate, degradability and effective degradability (only with one sheep)
      could be observed. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. Amino acid
      analysis on the residues in incubated bags revealed slight changes in amino acid
      composition, but these changes were considered to be nutritionally unimportant.

PMID- 4026569
TI  - Enhancement of radiation effects by mercury in preimplantation mouse embryos in
      vitro.
AB  - Mercuric chloride (3 microM or 10 microM) increased several effects of ionizing
      radiation (1 Gy) on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. Blastocyst formation,
      hatching of blastocysts, and the number of cells per embryo were affected by this
      increase in radiation risk. The formation of micronuclei, however, was not
      influenced either in experiments using mercury alone or in combination
      experiments with X-rays. Not only was the sum of the single effects exceeded in
      some of the combination experiments, but the dose-pairs, which were necessary for
      obtaining a certain effect, clearly fell to the left of the envelope of
      additivity. That is, the enhancement of effects cannot be explained merely by the
      shape of the dose-response curves, but there is an interaction between mercury
      and ionizing radiation.

PMID- 4026571
TI  - Study of inorganic arsenic methylation by rat liver in vitro: relevance for the
      interpretation of observations in man.
AB  - The biotransformation of inorganic arsenic by rat liver in vitro leads to the
      production of a monomethylated and a dimethylated arsenic derivative, measured by
      flameless atomic absorption as monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA)
      acids respectively. The methylating activity is localized in the cytosol and
      accepts only As3+ as substrate. Its optimum pH lies between 7.5 and 8.0, and
      reduced glutathione (10(-2)M) is required for full activity. S-Adenosylmethionine
      is the essential methyl group donor and corrinoid derivatives act
      synergistically. An excess of substrate and the addition of mercuric ions prevent
      the formation of the dimethylated arsenic derivative without affecting that of
      the monomethylated compound. This indicates that two different enzymatic
      activities are involved in the methylation of inorganic arsenic in mammals.
      Previous observations in man (Buchet et al. 1981 b, 1984) and the results of the
      present study suggest that DMA production results from the subsequent methylation
      of the MMA precursor, although the possibility that metabolites are also produced
      by two completely independent pathways cannot yet be conclusively rejected. The
      kinetics of MMA and DMA production provide an explanation for the observations
      that in volunteers given increasing amounts of As3+, the urinary excretion of DMA
      levels off faster than that of MMA and in patients acutely intoxicated with As3+,
      several days may elapse before DMA becomes the preponderant metabolite. The
      results of the present study also suggest that the reduction of MMA production
      associated with an increased synthesis of DMA found in patients with liver
      diseases given a standard dose of As3+ might be due to a reduction of As3+ uptake
      by the liver cells.

PMID- 4026570
TI  - Reduction and binding of arsenate in marmoset monkeys.
AB  - The metabolism of 74As-arsenate (As V, 0.4 mg As/kg body weight, IV) in marmoset
      monkeys (two males and two females) was studied. Unlike all other animal species
      studied so far, the marmoset was found to be unable to metabolize the arsenate to
      dimethylarsinic acid. Most of the absorbed arsenate was reduced to arsenite (As
      III) in vivo. Only 20% was excreted in the urine as unchanged As V. A further 20%
      of the dose was excreted as As III. The rest of the As III produced was bound to
      the tissues, giving a distribution picture very similar to that reported earlier
      for marmoset monkeys given arsenite. The tissues with longest retention of
      arsenic were the liver, upper gastrointestinal tract (oral cavity and esophagus),
      skin, kidneys and gall bladder. The pronounced accumulation in the liver resulted
      from specific binding of arsenic to the rough microsomal membranes, unique to
      this animal species.

PMID- 4026572
TI  - Differential serum protein binding of benzidine- and benzidine-congener based
      dyes and their derivatives.
AB  - Environmental dyes and their derivatives, some of which are genotoxic, must be
      transported within the body to the tissues which they affect. One mechanism for
      this can be observed directly by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (X-IEP). Binding
      of these chemicals to certain serum proteins changes electrophoretic and
      immunoprecipitation morphology in X-IEP patterns. This is demonstrated here for
      four azo dyes derived from benzidine, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, and 3,3'
      dimethoxybenzidine, and their parent aromatic amines. Direct Red 2 (a 3,3'
      dimethylbenzidine-based dye), Direct Blue 15 (a 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine-based
      dye), Direct Black 38 (a benzidine-based dye), and Evans Blue (a 3,3'
      dimethylbenzidine-based dye) all bound to albumin, alpha 1-lipoprotein, beta
      lipoprotein, and hemopexin. Direct Red 2 only slightly affected the mobilities of
      these proteins. Direct Blue 15 bound also to prealbumin and alpha 1
      antichymotrypsin, and degraded C3 globulin. Direct Black 38 and Evans Blue bound
      to numerous additional proteins. Evans Blue bound variably to proteins of sera
      from different individuals, suggesting that there are individual differences in
      serum protein binding capabilities for these chemicals. Of the three derivatives
      of the benzidine dyes, only 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine caused changes in X-IEP
      patterns, indicating its binding to the serum proteins. This chemical
      differentially affected sub-populations of alpha 1-lipoprotein, either by
      altering its electrophoretic mobility or inhibiting its recognition by
      antibodies. Autoradiographic analyses demonstrated the binding of benzidine and
      3,3'-dimethylbenzidine to both alpha 1- and beta-lipoproteins.

PMID- 4026573
TI  - Metabolism and mutagenicity of aromatic amines by human fetal liver.
AB  - Human fetal liver microsomes were found to metabolize the carcinogen 2
      acetylaminoflurene (AAF), the major metabolite being the deacetylated product 2
      aminofluorene (AF). On the other hand, N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH
      AAF), a proximate carcinogenic metabolite, could not be detected. The human fetal
      liver samples converted AF and N-OH-AAF, but not AAF, to products mutagenic for
      S. typhimurium TA 98.

PMID- 4026574
TI  - The octanol/water distribution of mercury compounds.
AB  - Lipophilicity plays an important role in the biological action of mercurials. The
      distribution of one inorganic and five organic mercury compounds was determined
      in an n-octanol/water system. Lipophilicity decreased in the order CH3HgCl,
      bromomercurihydroxypropane, HgCl2, chlormerodrin, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
      (PCMB), p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (PCMBS). The toxicity of mercurials,
      as reported in the literature, appears to parallel their lipophilicity.

PMID- 4026575
TI  - Dimethoate-induced toxic cardiac failure in the guinea pig.
AB  - In anaesthetized guinea-pigs treated with lethal doses of dimethoate, cardiac
      failure and serious ECG disturbances developed in the early phase of
      intoxication. The toxic cardiac phenomena appeared to be unrelated to the degree
      of cholinesterase inhibition, but showed a close correlation with myocardial
      dimethoate concentration. Cardiac failure and mortality were first observed at a
      critical pesticide level of about 110 micrograms/g, while a level of 221
      micrograms/g resulted in death in all cases. The present investigation refers to
      the direct effect of the pesticide on the myocardium, independent of its
      anticholinesterase action.

PMID- 4026576
TI  - DNA-binding assay of methyl chloride.
AB  - Fischer-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes were exposed in closed chambers to
      14C-labeled methyl chloride. Different clearance values from the gas phase of the
      system indicated that, based on body weight, mice metabolized the test compound
      much faster than rats. After isolation of DNA and nucleoproteins from liver and
      kidneys radioactivity was found in all macromolecular samples; this was ascribed
      to metabolic C1-incorporation. Radioactivity incorporation was particularly high
      in DNA of mouse kidneys, suggesting a high turnover to active C1 bodies
      (formaldehyde, formate) in this tissue. Analyses of DNA samples from kidneys of
      female and male mice showed neither 7-N-methylguanine nor O6-methylguanine.
      Hence, the formation of tumors in B6C3F1 mice exposed to high concentrations of
      methyl chloride is not based on methylation of DNA in this tissue.

PMID- 4026577
TI  - Structure-acute toxicity relationship of dinitriles in mice.
AB  - Acute toxicity and metabolism of seven dinitriles in mice was studied in relation
      to the chemical structures. The oral LD50 for each nitrile was determined under
      different conditions for mice pretreated with either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
      or olive oil. All test nitriles were metabolized into cyanide in vivo and in
      vitro. The cyanide level was variable among the compounds (0.35-0.74 micrograms
      CN/g brain) at death in the brains of mice, the level for malono- and
      adiponitrile being comparable to that found in mice killed by dosing with
      potassium cyanide. After receiving each nitrile, the mean survival time of mice
      pretreated with CCl4 was prolonged and their brain cyanide level decreased when
      compared with the corresponding control. With malononitrile, the former did not
      significantly change and the latter decreased slightly. Brain cyanide levels of
      control mice at death showed a peak at the lower log P region, while those of
      CCl4-pretreated animals remained lower independently of log P, with the exception
      of malononitrile. Microsomal metabolism of nitriles to cyanide was greatly
      inhibited when microsomes were prepared from livers of mice pretreated with CCl4.
      The relationship between log (1/LD50-CCl4), LD50 in mice pretreated with CCl4,
      and log P fits a parabolic plot.

PMID- 4026578
TI  - Percutaneous absorption of [14C]methacrylamide in animals.
AB  - Percutaneous absorption of [14C]methacrylamide was determined in rabbits, rats
      and mice. Radioactivity in blood of rabbits increased rapidly after IV injection,
      after topical application with a cloth and after direct topical application of a
      15 or 5% test solution, suggesting high permeability of the skin for
      methacrylamide. Radioactivity then began to decrease exponentially within 1 h.
      Tissue radioactivity 24 h after IV dosing was high in blood, liver and serum, and
      low in brain, nerve and muscle. The radioactivity was more uniformly distributed
      with the exception of liver, after application with a cloth and after direct
      contact than after IV dosing. When the application site was washed with water
      after direct application, decline of radioactivity in blood was accelerated
      slightly and a decrease in radioactivity in some tissues was found, although the
      difference between non-wash and wash groups was not significant in either the
      declining curve or the tissue radioactivity, with the exception of serum for the
      latter. Between 25 and 60% of the radioactivity found in tissues was protein
      bound after 24 h. Recovery of radioactivity in urine was highest after IV
      administration, intermediate after direct contact, and lowest after cloth
      application. Radioactivity in expired air and bile was small. Both radioactivity
      in tissues and its recovery in urine in rats, and tissue radioactivity in mice,
      were lower than in rabbits, when adjusted for dose per unit body weight,
      suggesting lower skin permeability for methacrylamide in the former
      species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026579
TI  - Formation, toxicity and inactivation of acrolein during biotransformation of
      cyclophosphamide as studied in freshly isolated cells from rat liver and kidney.
AB  - In the present study the formation and the effects of cyclophosphamide-derived
      acrolein were investigated using isolated cells from rat liver and kidney, with
      particular regard to the protective action of low molecular weight thiols against
      cellular toxicity. The results may be summarized as follows: Cyclophosphamide
      (CTX)-mediated toxicity to isolated cells is dependent on cytochrome P-450
      activity; Loss of viability in cells incubated with cyclophosphamide is preceded
      by a depletion of cellular GSH; Stimulation of cellular GSH synthesis or the
      presence of low molecular weight thiols in the incubation medium protects against
      cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity; Acrolein is probably formed extracellularly as
      well as intracellularly and can be detoxified by thiol compounds, forming a
      thiochemiacetal or a thioether.

PMID- 4026580
TI  - The major internal protein, p27, of a retrovirus-like particle is expressed in
      blood lymphocytes from psoriatic patients.
AB  - Retrovirus-like particles were isolated from the urine of a patient with
      psoriasis. The major internal protein, p27, in these particles was isolated by
      immunosorbent chromatography and gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-300 column in 6
      M guanidine hydrochloride. The protein was purified to homogeneity as judged by
      SDS-PAGE. A hyperimmune serum with specificity for p27 was obtained by
      vaccination of a rabbit with purified p27 antigen. This antiserum was used to
      examine blood lymphocytes for the expression of p27 antigen by indirect
      immunofluorescence. Between 0.1 and 1 per cent of the lymphocytes obtained from
      patients with psoriasis showed a bright cytoplasmatic (and membrane) fluorescence
      while no p27 positive cells could be detected in the preparations from the
      healthy controls (frequency less than 0.01 per cent). Among the p27 positive
      psoriatic cells were lymphocytes with markers for T cells, B cells and NK cells.

PMID- 4026582
TI  - Maturation of measles virus hemagglutinin glycoprotein.
AB  - The processing of measles virus hemagglutinin glycoprotein (H) in infected cells
      was studied by pulse-chase method and two-dimensional isoelectric focusing and
      SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. H glycoprotein was synthesized
      initially as polypeptides smaller than H glycoprotein present in the virions.
      They were then processed into a cohort of polypeptides of larger molecular size
      and with reduced charge. The change was associated with the expression of H
      glycoprotein on the cell surface. The removal of sialic acid from carbohydrate
      chain of H glycoprotein resulted in the shift of isoelectric point to a more
      basic range. The entire process of maturation of H glycoprotein required
      approximately 5 hours. Carbohydrate content in H was determined to be
      approximately 12 per cent by weight. Mannose, galactose, fucose, N
      acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid were the constituent
      monosaccharides.

PMID- 4026581
TI  - Interaction of Newcastle disease virus strains differing in virulence with
      chicken red blood cell receptors.
AB  - Nine NDV strains belonging to lentogenic, mesogenic and velogenic groups were
      studied. Virus adsorption to chicken red blood cell (RBC) surface was performed
      at 4 degrees C, and after a temperature shift from 4 degrees to 37 degrees C
      elution of pre-adsorbed virus and accumulation of free N-acetyl-neuraminic acid
      (NANA) split from RBC receptors as a result of neuraminidase (Nase) activity was
      detected. In the case of high multiplicity of adsorption the elution was very
      fast (complete elution within 5 minutes) for all the strains irrespective of
      their virulence. Although physical saturation of RBC surface with the adsorbed
      virus was not achieved, a certain minimal (strain-specific) amount of the pre
      adsorbed virus which splits a maximally possible (for a given strain) quantity of
      the NANA was found (a state of "enzymatic saturation"). Below a certain low
      multiplicity of adsorption elution was delayed for about 20-30 minutes while the
      accumulation of the split NANA began immediately after the temperature shift.
      This phenomenon was interpreted as a result of "crawling" of the adsorbed virions
      upon the RBC surface followed by "browsing" of RBC receptors and liberation of
      NANA. Thus, the Nase activity of the attached virus ("in situ Nase activity") is
      a factor providing both elution and "crawling" of the virus (depending on the
      multiplicity of adsorption). The in situ Nase activity of all the strains used
      was determined quantitatively by (1) parameters of enzymatic kinetics (Vmax, Km
      and Km/Vmax) and (2) parameters of enzymatic efficiency related to a certain
      quantity of the adsorbed virus, namely, per amount of: a) "crawling" virus, b)
      that providing "enzymatic saturation", and c) that equal to Km. Computation of
      these parameters revealed inverse correlation between the in situ Nase activity
      and the strain virulence. Thus, these indications can be in vitro markers of the
      in vivo virulence.

PMID- 4026584
TI  - Recent H1N1 viruses (A/USSR/90/77, A/Fiji/15899/83, A/Firenze/13/83) replicate
      poorly in ferret bronchial epithelium. Brief report.
AB  - Three recent wild-type H1N1 influenza virus isolates (A/USSR/90/77,
      A/Fiji/15899/83 and A/Firenze/13/83) replicated poorly in organ cultures of
      ferret bronchial tissue compared with the replication of an H3N2 wild-type virus
      (A/England/939/69). All four viruses replicated well in nasal turbinate tissue.
      Examination of one H1N1 virus (A/USSR/90/77) in vivo showed heavy infection in
      the upper respiratory tract of ferrets but little in the lower respiratory tract.
      These results raise the possibility that the mildness of human influenza arising
      from the H1N1 strains may be due to lack of capacity to attack the lower
      respiratory tract as well as the presence of antibody in previously exposed
      persons.

PMID- 4026583
TI  - Optimisation of conditions for infection of isolated potato protoplasts with
      potato virus X.
AB  - Conditions for the reproducible infection of potato protoplasts with PVX were
      determined. Successful virus infection was achieved when potato protoplasts at a
      concentration of 3 X 10(5) cells/ml were incubated with 20 micrograms/ml PVX and
      2 micrograms/ml Poly-L-ornithine (MW 100,000) for 15 minutes at 0 degrees C.
      Numbers of protoplasts infected varied between 30 and 50 per cent. Preincubation
      of PVX with PLO for a minimum of 10 minutes was essential for good infection. The
      type and molecular weight of polycation used had a major effect on virus
      infection. PLO at 100,000 MW was the most efficient.

PMID- 4026585
TI  - [The predominant site of airway obstruction in late asthmatic response (LAR)].

PMID- 4026586
TI  - [Secretory IgA in immunological diseases of infants and children. Part II.
      Salivary s-IgA levels in patients with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4026587
TI  - [Cell membrane dynamics and intracellular fluidity of inflammatory cells induced
      by FMLP and PHA].

PMID- 4026588
TI  - [Features of the innervation of fascia and their microcirculatory bed in the
      rat].
AB  - By means of silver impregnation, methylene blue staining and using glyoxylic
      acid, the neural apparatus of the muscle fasciae in the shoulder girdle and back
      and their microcirculatory bed have been revealed in laboratory white rats. An
      uneven concentration of neuronal terminals makes the base of neurotissue
      interactions of the muscle fasciae of the shoulder girdle and the back of the
      rats. Only a small part of microvessels possesses neural elements. The fasciae
      and their microvessels are innervated both by sensitive and sympathetic neural
      fibers and their endings; they differ from each other morphologically and
      histochemically. The rat fasciae are useful objects for vital observations for
      behaviour both of the vascular nerves and the avascular areas.

PMID- 4026589
TI  - [Age and changes in the nerve supply of the superior and inferior venae cavae in
      man].
AB  - The superior and inferior venae cavae have been studied in 51 human being at
      various age, beginning from newborns using histochemical methods. After birth
      concentration of neural plexuses in the venae cavae increases up to the period of
      puberty, and then after 40years of age, certain rarefication of adrenergic and
      then cholinergic neural plexuses is noted. Choline- and adrenergic innervation is
      revealed in myocardial fibers penetrating the walls of the superior and inferior
      venae cavae.

PMID- 4026590
TI  - [Features of the angioarchitectonics of the papillary muscles and the chordae
      tendineae of the human heart].
AB  - In persons of mature, elderly and old age vascularization of the papillary
      muscles and tendinous chordae in the right and left cardiac ventricles has been
      studied depending on peculiarities of their structure and sources of their blood
      supply using injection, macro-microscopical, roentgenoangiographic methods, and
      silver nitrate impregnation. Certain data concerning the distribution zones in
      the papillary muscles of the coronary artery branches at various types of the
      cardiac blood supply are presented. Angioarchitectonics of the papillary muscles
      are described along their whole extention--in the basal area, in the middle part
      and at the apex. Architectonic peculiarities of the blood vessels in the muscular
      tendinous part of the papillary muscles and in some tendinous chordae are
      described.

PMID- 4026591
TI  - [Roentgeno-anatomy of the gastroduodenal artery].
AB  - For the first time the data on clinical roentgenoanatomy of the functioning
      gastroduodenal artery and its branches are presented. It is based on analysis of
      vital angiograms performed in 607 persons (376 men and 213 women), in standard
      frontal and lateral projections. Certain roentgenological signs are described;
      they make it possible to distinguish the arteries from other vessels in the area.
      The data on topic position of the beginning of the arteries in regard to the
      vertebral column, depending on the sex of the examined persons, on direction,
      dimentions of the arteries, on their branches and on the character of their
      branching off are revealed. The data obtained could be useful in every day
      clinical practice of roenrgenoangiological rooms at making diagnosis and
      catheterization treatment of patients suffering from some pathology in the
      pancreatic-duodenal zone.

PMID- 4026592
TI  - [Interconversion of spiral D- and L-enantiomorphs of vascular muscles].
AB  - Possibilities of mutual transformation of the right coiled enantiomorphs of the
      smooth muscle elements in the vascular walls into the left ones and vice versa
      have been studied. The circular smooth muscle cells make the base of similar
      transformation. They are coiled in one plane and connected by their ends with
      longitudinally situating cells. When the longitudinal cells contractile at both
      sides, the circular cells, stretching along the longitudinal axis of the vessel,
      arrange on the cylinder surface in the form of the right or left spirals. Their
      transformation into one another is reached by means of contracting the profile
      element at one or other side of the point where the circular element is fixed.
      The common regularity of this interreorganization is transition across the right
      left form of the Archimedean spiral. Similar enantiomorphism of mutual
      reorganization is considered in the model and determined as a reaction to
      gravitational-heat effect, contributing to better movement of the liquid
      biological medium along the blood vessel canals.

PMID- 4026593
TI  - [Morphofunctional features of different divisions of the microcirculatory bed of
      jejunal villi in the white rat].
AB  - By means of injecting the vessels with vegetative peroxidase, scanning electron
      microscopy of corrosive preparations, biomicroscopy, transmissive electron
      microscopy and in serial semithin sections, spatial organization of the blood
      microcirculatory bed of the villus in the white rat jejunum has been studied and
      identification of various microvascular segments has been made. Increasing
      dimentions of the villus result only in multiplication of the outflow and inflow
      pathways of blood, while the number of the marginal capillary-distributers
      remains unchanged--one along each lateral part of the villus. The cause of this
      regularity should be sought in certain requirements to orientation of transport
      processes in the villose stroma and, first of all, in the conditions of the
      hemato-lymphatic transference at adaptation.

PMID- 4026594
TI  - [Cortico-nigral projections in the cat].
AB  - Using the methods of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase and
      silver impregnation of degenerating axons, certain data have been obtained
      demonstrating that frontal, motor, orbital, insular and limbic fields of the
      cortex serve as sources of afferent fibers for the compact zone of the substantia
      nigra. The lateral zone gets projections from the same cortical areas (besides
      the limbic one) as the compact part and, in addition, from the parietal
      associative, acoustic and visual areas.

PMID- 4026595
TI  - [Changes in the structure and cell composition of the thymus as a result of dosed
      physical loads].
AB  - By means of histological and morphometrical methods normal age involution of the
      thymus has been studied, as well as its changes under conditions of dosed
      physical loadings. The experiment has been performed in 92 non-inbred white male
      rats. At adaptation of the organism to the loadings, involution of the gland
      decelerates, and at an insufficient adaptation--accelerates. This is, probably,
      the cause of decreasing protective forces of the organism.

PMID- 4026596
TI  - [Circulation time and dynamics of 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA at various
      stages of chick embryo development].
AB  - The most adequate method for carrying out radioautographic investigation on
      proliferation in the chorioallantoic tissues and in the chick embryo proper is
      dropping 3H-thymidine on the membrane under the shell in the area where the
      chorioallantois grows under. Using the application method, the radioautographic
      analysis of proliferation could be performed by the saturation method.

PMID- 4026597
TI  - [Formation of myoblasts after injuries to skeletal muscle tissue].
AB  - The musculus masseter and the tongue in 75 mature rats have been injured by means
      of a scalpel, carbonate laser ray and ethanol administration. The regeneration
      process has been studied light and electron microscopically. Myosatellites that
      are constantly revealed in the skeletal muscle tissue, are the main source of
      myoblast formation under all the types of the muscle injury. When laser ray and
      ethanol are applied, myoblasts are also formed by means of segregation of the
      nucleo-sarcoplasmic territories of the muscle fiber.

PMID- 4026598
TI  - [Pubertal growth spurt in the thickness of the bones of the human cranium].
AB  - Frontal saw-cuts of 60 human cranial fornices (age 1-21 years) served as the
      material for the investigation. By means of the microscope MBC-2 thickness of the
      bones was measured. The age changes of the bone thickness in the cranial fornix
      are approximated by the function of asymptotic growth TK' = 5.3-3.5 X 10(-0.14(X
      1) (mm), where X = 1.2,..., 8 and logistic function TK' = 1/(1 + 10(11.4 - 0.74X)
      +4.93 (mm), where X = 8.9,..., 21 (years). Thus the bone thickness of the cranial
      fornix undergoes the pubertal spurt of growth, when the maximal rate in
      increasing thickness is noted between 15 and 16 years of age. This phenomenon
      should determine certain increase in dimentions of the skull during the pubertal
      period.

PMID- 4026599
TI  - [Chamber for studying microcirculation in muscles].

PMID- 4026600
TI  - [Experience in optimizing the teaching of histology].

PMID- 4026601
TI  - Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis.

PMID- 4026602
TI  - Fetal movement--its use for fetal assessment.

PMID- 4026603
TI  - Some thoughts on books, journals, electronic publications, libraries and
      librarians.

PMID- 4026604
TI  - Does Alzheimer's disease represent an exaggeration of normal aging?

PMID- 4026606
TI  - Familial amyotrophic chorea with acanthocytosis. New clinical and laboratory
      investigations.
AB  - A 46-year-old man, the son of normal nonconsanguinous parents, had a rare
      progressive neurological illness that began in midlife and was characterized by
      seizures, buccolingual dyskinesia, orofacial tics, choreiform movements,
      areflexia, and neurogenic muscle atrophy. Acanthocytosis was present. The serum
      creatine kinase level was elevated and normobetalipoproteinemia was noted. A
      brother had a similar disorder. These clinical and laboratory characteristics are
      consistent with those of previously reported cases of neuroacanthocytosis, ie,
      familial amyotrophic chorea with acanthocytosis (FACWA). Features not previously
      reported in cases of FACWA and noted in our index patient are as follows: an
      increased level of free sialic acid was detected in the serum; haloperidol
      administered in high doses decreased the orofacial tics; absence of the McLeod
      blood group phenotype was noted; and Hispanic-Puerto Rican ancestry was
      documented.

PMID- 4026605
TI  - Severe dementia. Prevalence and clinical features in a biracial US population.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to document the prevalence of severe
      dementia among different racial groups residing in the same community--Copiah
      County, Mississippi. Both household and institutionalized populations were
      included. For either sex, the prevalence ratios of all severe dementia and
      clinically diagnosed severe senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type were at least
      as large among blacks as among whites. For either race, the corresponding
      prevalence ratios were greater in females. For each race and sex, the
      corresponding prevalence ratios increased with advancing age. Finally, in the
      population studied, approximately 1% of individuals 40 years old or older had
      severe dementia. This figure increased to 7% for individuals 80 years old or
      older.

PMID- 4026607
TI  - Olivopontocerebellar atrophy with dementia, blindness, and chorea. Response to
      baclofen.
AB  - Olivopontocerebellar atrophy is a hereditary disorder that has variable clinical
      manifestations. Five types have been described, as well as a sixth that contains
      sporadic cases. This report describes a family with three affected members who
      demonstrate a composite of types III and V. Their features include progressive
      spasticity, ataxia, dementia, visual loss with retinal pigmentation, dysarthria,
      ophthalmoplegia, and chorea. This family might represent an additional category
      of the disease. In the two family members who developed chorea, baclofen resulted
      in marked improvement with abolition of the choreiform movements. Response has
      been sustained for several years in the mother and for eight months in the
      daughter. Neither has experienced any return of chorea while receiving treatment.
      When attempts were made to discontinue baclofen, choreiform movements returned
      promptly and with their original severity. Baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid
      analogue, may be useful in the treatment of other forms of chorea as well.

PMID- 4026608
TI  - The flight of colors test in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Flight of colors (FOC), the rapidly changing series of colored afterimages
      perceived when a bright light briefly strikes the eye, is impaired or absent in
      patients with lesions affecting central visual fields, especially optic
      neuropathies (ONs). The effectiveness of a bedside test of FOC using a pocket
      flashlight was compared with that of pattern-reversal visual evoked responses
      (PRVERs) in examining 74 subjects): 20 controls, seven patients with ON not due
      to multiple sclerosis (MS), 26 patients with MS, and 21 patients with possible MS
      and no clinical ON. The FOC test correctly identified 95 of 99 normal eyes and 45
      of 49 eyes with ON, and accurately diagnosed 140 (95%) of 148 eyes overall. In 84
      eyes examined by PRVER and FOC, the results agreed in 73 cases (87%), including
      those of subclinical ON.

PMID- 4026609
TI  - Computed tomographic and postmortem study of a nonhemorrhagic thalamic
      infarction.
AB  - A 70-year-old man had a stroke and became unconscious. High-resolution computed
      tomography (CT) with 5-mm cuts disclosed bilateral thalamic infarctions, larger
      on the left than the right. He died one week later, and a postmortem examination
      was performed. By plotting the CT on templates constructed to show the different
      vascular territories of the thalamus, the infarctions were predicted to be in the
      territories of the interpeduncular profunda arteries. Comparing sagittal
      reconstructions to the Schaltenbrand and Wahren atlas, the following thalamic
      nuclei were thought to be involved: dorsomedial, parafascicular, and centrum
      medianum bilaterally; and reticular, ventroanterior, and ventrolateral on the
      left. Pathologic study confirmed these findings. We believe that it is possible
      to predict the vascular territory of thalamic infarctions by plotting the CT on
      templates showing the different vascular territories of the thalamus. Sagittal
      reconstructions of CT scans also permit the determination of thalamic nuclei
      involved in a lesion.

PMID- 4026610
TI  - Auditory brain-stem potentials with unilateral pontine hemorrhage.
AB  - Although there have been extensive anatomical and physiological studies in
      animals, the actual neural sources, or even the laterality, of some components of
      auditory brain-stem evoked potentials in humans are uncertain. We studied these
      responses in a 56-year-old patient who had a clearly demarcated pontine
      hemorrhage on the right side. The patient was somnolent, with dense left
      hemiplegia and signs of involvement of right cranial nerves V, VI, and VII.
      Stimulation of the left ear (ie, contralateral to the lesion) evoked a normal
      series of waves with clearly resolved positive components peaking at 2.0, 3.3,
      4.8 (wave IV), and 6.0 ms (wave V). Stimulation of the right ear (ie, ipsilateral
      to the lesion) evoked only waves I, III, and IV. These results suggest that a
      pathway ipsilateral to the stimulated ear is necessary and sufficient for
      generation of auditory wave V and that wave IV is generated in bilateral
      pathways.

PMID- 4026611
TI  - Absence of the septum pellucidum. Overlapping clinical syndromes.
AB  - A patient with absence of the septum pellucidum, optic hypoplasia, congenital
      nystagmus, hemiatrophy, and seizures fulfilled clinical and radiological criteria
      for diagnosis of both septo-optic dysplasia and the syndrome of absent septum
      pellucidum with porencephalies. The anatomical and clinical similarities between
      these two syndromes suggest a common embryological basis. Their simultaneous
      presence in this case further supports this explanation. Clinically mild forms of
      both septo-optic dysplasia and the syndrome of absent septum pellucidum with
      porencephalies are now detected with the aid of computed tomographic scanning in
      patients with unexplained hemiatrophy, congenital nystagmus, seizures, and short
      stature.

PMID- 4026612
TI  - Nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Ictal confusion in later life.
AB  - In 11 patients without histories of absence seizures, acute prolonged confusion
      and/or prominent psychiatric manifestations occurred between the ages of 42 and
      76 years, and were accompanied by 1 to 2.5-Hz generalized spike-wave or multiple
      spike-wave discharges in the EEGs. The patients were successfully treated with
      intravenously administered diazepam followed by orally administered phenytoin
      sodium and/or phenobarbital. The ictal confusion in later life seems to be an
      entity distinct from the typical petit mal status of early onset.

PMID- 4026613
TI  - Intra-blood-brain barrier IgG synthesis in cerebral cysticercosis.
AB  - Patients with central nervous system cysticercosis show elevated binding of
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG to homogenized cysticercus. To determine whether
      any of the CSF IgG was the result of de novo intra-blood-brain barrier (BBB)
      synthesis, CSF and serum samples from six patients were examined for elevated
      rate of synthesis and oligoclonal bands. Five of the six patients had increased
      intra-BBB IgG synthesis rate and four of these patients also had oligoclonal IgG
      bands present in the CSF that were absent in the serum. These results demonstrate
      intra-BBB IgG synthesis similar to that observed in other infectious and
      inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.

PMID- 4026614
TI  - Alternate-day clonazepam treatment of intractable seizures.
AB  - Several investigations have demonstrated a reduction in benzodiazepine receptor
      binding after long-term exposure to this class of drugs. Such receptor
      alterations may contribute to the decreased efficacy of benzodiazepines in the
      management of convulsive disorders. To minimize receptor alterations, several
      patients with intractable seizures received alternate-day clonazepam therapy,
      resulting in improved seizure control. The favorable clinical responses suggest
      that alternative methods of benzodiazepine administration may circumvent receptor
      subsensitivity resulting from prolonged drug treatment.

PMID- 4026615
TI  - Electroencephalographic abnormalities in children with congenital heart disease.
AB  - Ninety-eight consecutive patients with clinically suspected congenital heart
      disease were prospectively studied with electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings
      before cardiac catheterization. Twenty-five patients had abnormal EEGs. Fifty
      five patients had acyanotic heart disease and normal neurologic examination
      results, of whom 15 had abnormal EEGs. Thirteen had spikes or spike and wave
      discharges and two had mildly abnormal EEGs. Twenty-seven patients had cyanotic
      heart disease and normal neurologic examination results, of whom four had
      abnormal EEGs. Seven patients (8%) had abnormal neurologic examination results,
      of whom four had abnormal EEGs. There was a higher incidence of seizures with
      increasing age. Based on their medical history two children with acyanotic heart
      disease had had seizures without EEG abnormalities. Five children with normal
      catheterization findings and four children with Down's syndrome (two with
      abnormal EEGs) were excluded from the total of 98. These findings suggest that
      subclinical nervous system involvement may occur in congenital heart disease.

PMID- 4026617
TI  - Microsurgical management of trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 4026616
TI  - Reduction of polypharmacy in epileptic patients.
AB  - An attempt was made to reduce polypharmacy in 90 epileptic patients. All patients
      received their original drug regimen for at least six months and were followed up
      for a minimum of 16 months after reduction of polypharmacy. In 72 patients (80%),
      the average number of drugs administered was reduced from 2.75 to 1.49. In 39 of
      these (54%), a reduction was made to single drug therapy. Either no change or an
      improvement in seizure control was observed, and side effects decreased in many
      patients. In 18 patients (20%), medications could not be withdrawn. In nine of
      these, another drug was required for seizure control. In the remaining nine, more
      frequent seizures necessitated a return to the previous regimen. The critical
      variable predicting unsuccessful reduction of polypharmacy was the presence of
      multiple concurrent seizure types.

PMID- 4026618
TI  - Case against microvascular decompression in the treatment of trigeminal
      neuralgia.

PMID- 4026619
TI  - Embolic stroke complicating systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Embolic stroke complicating systemic lupus erythematosus has been infrequently
      reported. We examined a 25-year-old woman who suddenly became hemiplegic. Two
      dimensional echocardiography identified a source of emboli. At cardiac surgery,
      friable thrombotic vegetations were found adhering to the mitral valve leaflets,
      left ventricular septal wall, and chordae tendineae. At autopsy several weeks
      later, careful pathologic examination of the heart failed to reveal evidence of
      thrombus formation or endocarditis. An embolus identical in appearance to the
      thrombotic vegetations described at cardiac surgery was found lodged in the left
      middle cerebral artery underlying the recent brain infarction. To our knowledge,
      this is the first report of embolic stroke in systemic lupus erythematosus caused
      by extensive cardiac thrombus formation in the absence of underlying
      endocarditis.

PMID- 4026620
TI  - Primary position upbeat nystagmus. Localizing value.

PMID- 4026621
TI  - Primary aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve. Occurrence in a patient
      with abetalipoproteinemia.

PMID- 4026622
TI  - Childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome masquerading as a protracted pain syndrome.

PMID- 4026623
TI  - Involvement of the nervous system in hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 4026624
TI  - Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks.

PMID- 4026625
TI  - Personality disorder.

PMID- 4026626
TI  - Intrathecal interferon in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Patient follow-up.
AB  - Follow-up observations on patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with
      human fibroblast interferon (interferon beta) administered intrathecally for six
      months revealed a persisting beneficial effect in terms of a reduction in
      exacerbation rates. At the time of our last report in 1982, ten interferon beta
      recipients had shown a reduction in their mean exacerbation rate from 1.8/yr
      before the study to 0.2/yr during the study while ten control patients with
      multiple sclerosis showed no change in their rates during the study (0.69/yr)
      compared with before it (0.68/yr). That report was based on observations made for
      means of 1.9 years in the recipients and 1.6 years in the controls. The recipient
      patients have now been followed up for 4.4 years (mean) and their exacerbation
      rates have continued to decrease to a current mean level of 0.16/yr. The control
      patients were "crossed over" and began receiving interferon beta intrathecally
      after they had been in the study for two years without showing any change in
      their rate. During the 2.0 years since crossover they also have shown a reduction
      in exacerbation rate to a mean of 0.30/yr. The toxic side effects of interferon
      beta administered intrathecally were acceptable in view of the benefit achieved.
      Interferon was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid (but not the serum) of two
      patients prior to treatment, which is probably a manifestation of de novo
      production of interferon by the central nervous system in response to the
      multiple sclerosis disease process.

PMID- 4026627
TI  - Value of multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria. 70 autopsy-confirmed cases.
AB  - We have evaluated the sensitivity of the most recent and most frequently used
      criteria for the diagnosis of definite multiple sclerosis by the retrospective
      study of the clinical files of 70 pathologically confirmed cases. For each case,
      the date of diagnosis was determined separately using different sets of criteria.
      The delay of diagnosis was then calculated. The diagnosis was made significantly
      earlier when certain criteria were used. This was more marked in the earlier
      years of the disease. We also found that cases of multiple sclerosis with
      progressive courses were diagnosed later than cases with other courses, whatever
      the criteria used. This was statistically significant only for a single
      criterion.

PMID- 4026628
TI  - The clinical spectrum of internuclear ophthalmoplegia in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The eye movements of 100 patients with multiple sclerosis were examined
      clinically, including a saccade test. Thirty-four cases of internuclear
      ophthalmoplegia were found, of which 14 were bilateral and 20 were unilateral.
      Only three patients had full restriction of adduction, whereas 16 had no
      restriction at all. A continuous dissociated nystagmus was present in one patient
      only, while in 15 just a few beats of the abducting eye could be observed. In ten
      cases both restriction of adduction and dissociated nystagmus were lacking, and
      the diagnosis could only be made with the saccade test, which in all 34 patients
      showed a clearly visible disjunction of horizontal saccades. In 15 cases,
      infrared oculography was performed, which in all cases confirmed the clinical
      findings, and which in some cases disclosed an additional subclinical
      internuclear ophthalmoplegia on the opposite side.

PMID- 4026629
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging and other techniques in the diagnosis of multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - We evaluated 35 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, evoked potential testing, and
      computed tomographic (CT) scanning. As classified by the McAlpine et al and
      McDonald and Halliday criteria, 27 patients had definite MS, three had probable
      MS, and five had possible MS. All of the patients had multiple white matter
      lesions detectable by MRI that were evident predominantly in the periventricular
      areas but also in the cerebral or cerebellar white matter. The severity of the
      MRI abnormality, as judged by the number and size of the lesions, correlated with
      the likelihood of a positive CT scan but not with the duration of disease, the
      degree of disability, or positive CSF oligoclonal banding. Magnetic resonance
      imaging successfully demonstrated brain-stem lesions in 15 patients (none were
      seen on CT scans). Magnetic resonance imaging seems to be a sensitive indicator
      of MS lesions, but clinical assessment will continue to be crucial to the
      diagnosis of MS.

PMID- 4026630
TI  - Risk factors and concomitants of internal carotid artery occlusion or stenosis. A
      controlled study of 159 cases.
AB  - Presumed risk factors were studied in 159 patients with internal carotid artery
      (ICA) occlusion or stenosis. Smoking, family history of strokes, ischemic changes
      on electrocardiogram, and obesity were more frequent and blood pressure and
      plasma glucose levels were higher than in 159 sex- and age-matched controls.
      Blood pressure and plasma glucose levels were higher and smoking was more
      frequent in patients with occlusion than in those with stenosis. These points
      suggest that progression is related to some of the precursors of atherosclerosis.
      No difference was found between the patients with ICA disease and an age- and sex
      matched group who had coronary disease without carotid disease, except for
      diabetes, which was more frequent in ICA occlusion, and for family history, which
      corresponded to the site of atherosclerosis (carotid vs coronary). The
      constitutional basis may be the most important differential risk factor in ICA vs
      coronary disease.

PMID- 4026631
TI  - Morphometric effects of use and disuse on peripheral nerve.
AB  - Rat peripheral nerve was evaluated morphometrically following hemicordotomy,
      tenectomy, or both to assess the effects of disuse and hyperactivity on the
      peripheral nervous system. Hemicordotomy resulted in an increase in diameter of
      nerve fibers supplying both "fast" and "slow" skeletal muscles in hypoactive and
      hyperactive limbs. Nerve fiber atrophy occurred only in nerve to "fast" muscle
      following disuse induced by hemicordotomy and tenectomy. The possible role of
      "motor nerve growth factor" or altered axoplasmic flow in bringing about these
      morphologic changes in peripheral nerve is discussed.

PMID- 4026632
TI  - Matutinal vertigo. Clinical characteristics and possible management.
AB  - Vertigo frequently begins in the morning while the patient is in bed (matutinal
      vertigo). One hundred consecutive patients with vestibular disease were studied
      to assess the frequency and clinical characteristics of this temporal pattern.
      Forty-eight percent of the patients reported matutinal vertigo. The pattern can
      occur with central as well as peripheral disorders and is therefore not a
      localizing marker. It is most frequent with disorders in which positional
      features (vertigo and nystagmus) are prominent, and sleeping position appears to
      play a role in its production. It may be possible to prevent recurrent attacks by
      altering the patient's sleeping position.

PMID- 4026633
TI  - Atypical conduction aphasia. A disconnection syndrome.
AB  - Conduction aphasia was originally proposed to result from separation of the
      posterior language comprehension area and the anterior motor speech area of the
      left hemisphere. The arcuate fasciculus has been the most frequently suggested
      site of such a disconnection, but the syndrome has been reported in cases in
      which the abnormality involved the dominant Wernicke's area. This challenges the
      arcuate fasciculus theory, and it has been suggested that a cortical lesion, not
      a disconnection, is the crucial factor. Three new cases in which the lesion does
      not lie in the arcuate fasciculus are reported, two in left-handed patients with
      left temporoparietal lesions and one in a right-handed patient with a right
      temporoparietal infarct, a "crossed" aphasia. While atypical, these cases offer
      evidence that disconnection of the circuit linking language comprehension to
      motor speech output, not damage to a specific cortical region, underlies the
      syndrome of conduction aphasia.

PMID- 4026635
TI  - The geographic maldistribution of neurologists. One state's experience.

PMID- 4026634
TI  - Depression in patients referred to a dementia clinic. A three-year prospective
      study.
AB  - Of 225 patients referred to a dementia clinic, depression occurred in 31 (70%) of
      44 patients not thought to be demented, six (24%) of 25 with cognitive impairment
      not severe enough to warrant the label dementia, and 24 (15%) of 156 with various
      forms of dementia, including 19 (19%) of 99 with Alzheimer-type dementia. Follow
      up over three years has shown that 16 (57%) of 28 of the depressed, nondemented
      patients went on to develop frank dementia. Thirteen of these 16 had some sign,
      often subtle, of organic neurologic disease. Depressed elderly patients with any
      of the following are at high risk to develop dementia: evidence of
      cerebrovascular, extrapyramidal, or spinocerebellar disease; a modified Hachinski
      ischemic score of 4 or greater; a Mental Status Questionnaire score under 8; a
      dementia behavior score of 7 or higher; or confusion on low doses of tricyclic
      antidepressants. Dementing illnesses can present as depression with relatively
      little cognitive impairment.

PMID- 4026636
TI  - Universal dissociated anesthesia due to bilateral brain-stem infarcts.
AB  - A 59-year-old man had loss of pin-prick and temperature sensation over his head,
      face, neck, trunk, and all extremities while light touch, vibration, joint
      position sense, and deep pain were preserved. This was the cumulative result of
      infarctions in the territories of the right superior cerebellar and left
      posterior inferior cerebellar arteries that occurred three years apart. To our
      knowledge, a syndrome of bilateral discrete interruption of spinothalamic tracts
      and of the spinal tracts of the trigeminal system in the brain stem has not been
      reported. Dissociated sensory loss enveloping the entire body accompanied by
      truncal and limb ataxia without weakness demonstrated a striking clinical
      picture. The preservation of deep somatic and visceral pain when cutaneous pain
      sensation was lost was another notable feature. We review the causes of
      widespread dissociated sensory loss and discuss the implications of the
      dissociation of deep from superficial pain.

PMID- 4026638
TI  - Hyaloid membrane vs posterior capsule as a protective barrier.

PMID- 4026639
TI  - Staphyloma formation as a complication of ultrasound treatment in glaucoma.

PMID- 4026637
TI  - Isolated cerebral phycomycosis presenting as focal encephalitis.
AB  - A patient with features of a focal encephalitis was found to have isolated
      cerebral phycomycosis. No risk factors for phycomycosis were present, and the
      diagnosis was made by brain biopsy.

PMID- 4026640
TI  - Low-tension glaucoma. Enigma and opportunity.

PMID- 4026641
TI  - Aphakic cystoid macular edema. A hypothesis.

PMID- 4026642
TI  - The risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease in patients with anterior
      ischemic optic neuropathy.
AB  - Of 217 patients in whom anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) was diagnosed
      during the period from 1975 to 1985, verifiable medical information was obtained
      for 212 (98%). Over a median follow-up period of three years, no group of
      patients had an increased mortality rate over that of age-, sex-, and race
      matched controls; however, patients with "idiopathic" AION and patients with
      systemic hypertension who developed nonarteritic AION had a statistically
      significant increased risk of experiencing cerebrovascular events and myocardial
      infarctions compared with appropriately matched control groups. In view of the
      findings of our study, we suggest that patients with idiopathic AION and
      hypertensive patients who develop nonarteritic AION undergo a complete physical
      examination, cardiac evaluation, tests of carotid artery patency, and careful
      medical follow-up to attempt to prevent subsequent cerebrovascular or
      cardiovascular events.

PMID- 4026643
TI  - Cup-disc ratio and ischemic optic neuropathy.
AB  - Cup-disc ratios in the fellow eyes of 26 patients with unilateral, nonarteritic,
      anterior ischemic optic neuropathy were compared with the ratios in fellow eyes
      of 29 patients with unilateral idiopathic or demyelinative optic neuritis. The
      ratios in both groups were also compared with the ratios of a large group of
      normal subjects evaluated in a population survey. Observers measured the cup-disc
      ratio by viewing color stereophotographs. The cup-disc ratios of the fellow eyes
      of patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy were significantly smaller on
      average than were those of the fellow eyes of patients with optic neuritis and
      the normal subjects. Eyes with small cup-disc ratios may be more vulnerable to
      infarction than are eyes with large cup-disc ratios.

PMID- 4026644
TI  - Comparison of the optic nerve head in high- and low-tension glaucoma.
AB  - The optic nerves of 34 eyes of 34 patients with low-tension glaucoma were
      compared with those of 41 eyes of 41 patients with high-tension glaucoma. Mean
      intraocular pressure in the low-tension group was 16.9 +/- 0.7 mm Hg (mean +/-
      SEM) compared with 31.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg in the high-tension group. Mean total
      visual field loss was not significantly different in the two groups, as
      determined by computerized threshold perimetry (OCTOPUS). The optic disc rim in
      low-tension eyes was significantly thinner than in high-tension eyes (P = .018);
      the largest difference occurred inferiorly and inferotemporally (P less than
      .001). The appearance of the optic nerve is useful to distinguish between these
      two subtypes of glaucoma and may be a more meaningful indicator than intraocular
      pressure. Our findings support the hypothesis that there are at least two
      different mechanisms for optic nerve damage in glaucoma.

PMID- 4026646
TI  - Optic nerve involvement in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome.
AB  - Two patients with acute retinal necrosis syndrome demonstrated enlarged computed
      tomographic images of the optic nerves, a previously undescribed manifestation of
      this disorder to the best of our knowledge. One patient, with the bilateral
      variety of this syndrome, demonstrated bilateral optic nerve enlargement and, in
      one eye, appeared to achieve visual improvement following an optic nerve sheath
      decompression. The second patient, with the unilateral variety of the syndrome,
      demonstrated only unilateral optic nerve enlargement. These observations suggest
      that the intraorbital optic nerve may be primarily or secondarily involved in the
      acute retinal necrosis syndrome.

PMID- 4026645
TI  - Decreased visual acuity from optic disc drusen.
AB  - Although visual field defects occur commonly from optic disc drusen, reduction in
      visual acuity is rare. We describe four patients with reduced visual acuity and
      one with visual field constriction to the point of legal blindness that resulted
      from optic disc drusen. The acute episodic and stepwise nature of visual loss in
      some of the cases in our series suggests a vascular mechanism. Reduced visual
      acuity from drusen remains a diagnosis of exclusion. It should be considered,
      however, when visual loss has been acute and nonprogressive or stepwise in a
      nerve fiber bundle distribution and when visual acuity is not reduced until
      visual field constriction is severe.

PMID- 4026647
TI  - Clinical experience with timolol in childhood glaucoma.
AB  - We studied 67 patients (100 eyes) with childhood glaucoma who were treated with
      timolol maleate. Thirty of these patients (40 eyes) did not require additional
      surgery or medications after being treated with timolol (follow-up, from six to
      60 months). Thirty-one eyes (78%) in this group had a pressure drop; 18 eyes
      (45%) had a pressure drop of greater than 10 mm Hg. We conclude that timolol is
      effective in the treatment of pediatric glaucoma, although there is a need to be
      aware of its potential complications.

PMID- 4026648
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva presenting with intraocular extension.
AB  - A 73-year-old man, when first seen clinically, had extensive intraocular invasion
      from a limbal squamous cell carcinoma after only a six-week history of symptoms.
      This mode of initial presentation is rare for this tumor type.

PMID- 4026650
TI  - Fundus lesions in malignant hypertension. I. A pathologic study of experimental
      hypertensive choroidopathy.
AB  - Experimental hypertensive choroidopathy was studied in 29 eyes from 15 monkeys in
      which accelerated renovascular systemic hypertension developed after a modified
      Goldblatt procedure. We followed up the animals from five days to 21 months to
      examine clinically and histopathologically the spectrum of the pathologic
      process. The pathologic features of hypertensive choroidopathy in our animals may
      be categorized into three phases: (1) Acute ischemic phase: The initial change in
      the choroidal vasculature was constriction of arterioles, which leads to focal
      necrosis of the choriocapillaris and the retinal pigment epithelium and focal
      subretinal exudate. (2) Chronic occlusive phase: Occlusive changes involving
      arteries, arterioles, and choriocapillaris occurred later. (3) Chronic reparative
      phase: With time, recanalization took place at all levels of the choroidal
      vasculature. The subretinal fluid was reabsorbed, leaving diffuse patchy
      depigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium, which followed lobular
      arrangement of the choriocapillaris. Arteriolization of the choriocapillaris
      developed; this seems to be a defense mechanism to withstand the elevated
      systemic blood pressure.

PMID- 4026649
TI  - The histopathology of filamentary keratitis.
AB  - Filamentary keratitis is characterized by the presence of fine filaments of
      epithelium and mucus that are attached to the cornea. The exact pathogenesis of
      this entity has remained unclear. One reason has been the lack of pathologic
      specimens of corneas from patients with filamentary keratitis. We examined the
      corneas of a patient who had died while suffering from filamentary keratitis.
      Scattered groups of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts were present just below
      the basal epithelium. It seemed that these cells had disrupted the epithelial
      basement membrane and Bowman's layer. To our knowledge, this is the first
      postmortem analysis of a cornea in a patient with acute filamentary keratitis.
      These findings support the theory that filamentary keratitis results from damage
      to the basal epithelial cells, epithelial basement membrane, or both.

PMID- 4026651
TI  - Fundus lesions in malignant hypertension. II. A pathologic study of experimental
      hypertensive optic neuropathy.
AB  - Accelerated renovascular hypertension produces optic nerve changes ranging from
      optic disc edema to optic atrophy. To elucidate the pathogenesis of hypertensive
      optic neuropathy, the optic nerves from 12 monkeys (23 eyes) with accelerated
      renovascular systemic hypertension were studied by electron and light microscopy.
      Within 21 months, the animals demonstrated the entire spectrum of pathologic
      changes. In the optic nerves with optic disc edema, the prelaminar optic nerve
      exhibited vasoconstriction with subsequent axonal hydropic swelling, axolemma
      disruption, and glial swelling. In retrolaminar myelinated optic nerve,
      vasoconstriction was more severe, with endothelial swelling and pericytic
      degeneration resulting in intramyelinic vacuoles and glial swelling. Optic disc
      edema appeared to result from axonal hydropic swelling secondary to ischemic
      infarct, followed by loss of axons and gliosis in the prelaminar optic nerve. The
      retrolaminar myelinated nerve showed prominent microglial reaction and eventual
      atrophy of axons and glia. Ischemia seemed to play a major role in hypertensive
      optic neuropathy, which represents anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

PMID- 4026652
TI  - Ocular signs in thiamine-deficient monkeys and in Wernicke's disease in humans.
AB  - Thiamine deficiency in the monkey is the animal counterpart of Wernicke's disease
      in humans. In the present study, thiamine deficiency was induced in 11 monkeys
      while three monkeys were given paired feedings supplemented by thiamine
      hydrochloride and three monkeys were maintained on regular chow. The typical
      clinical symptoms were apathy, inattention to peripheral stimuli, ataxia, ptosis,
      mydriasis progressing to pupillary areflexia, nystagmus, and ophthalmoparesis
      progressing to total ophthalmoplegia. With thiamine treatment, recovery was
      prompt and complete in mild to moderate cases but delayed and incomplete in
      severe cases. The animals were killed six or more months after discontinuance of
      the experiments to determine the chronic effects of treated thiamine deficiency.
      The significant abnormalities in the brain stem were symmetric gliosis and
      neuronal loss in the inferior colliculi, the regions of the third and sixth nerve
      nuclei, and the medial vestibular nuclei. White matter was characteristically
      spared. With the exception of the inferior colliculi, the target sites for
      neuropathologic changes were the centers for ocular motor control.

PMID- 4026653
TI  - Pediatric dacryocystorhinostomy.
AB  - Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) often has uncertain results in the pediatric age
      group. Poorly defined and rapidly changing anatomy, along with a tendency toward
      vigorous growth of scar tissue, may alter surgical results. We report our
      experience with 29 primary pediatric dacryocystorhinostomies and five
      reoperations. Strict attention to surgical anatomy allows attainment of success
      results (83%) comparable with those in adults in both traumatic and nontraumatic
      cases. Our results, surgical technique, and evaluation of failures are discussed.
      Meticulous suturing of anterior and posterior flaps is not necessary for good
      surgical results. Dacryocystorhinostomy is a successful therapeutic modality in
      childhood dacryostenosis with chronic dacryocystitis when medical therapy,
      probing, and silicone intubation have been unsuccessful.

PMID- 4026654
TI  - A modified glass tube for conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy.
AB  - The standard glass tube used with a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy is subject
      to spontaneous displacement. Either internal displacement into the surgically
      created passageway or external displacement and loss are possible. We have
      modified the tube by adding a flange 4 to 6 mm from the tube's top. This anchors
      the tube and significantly reduces postoperative tube mobility. Many procedures
      that would otherwise fail can be salvaged by using this new tube.

PMID- 4026655
TI  - Treatment of Meniere's disease by intratympanic injection with lidocaine.
AB  - Intratympanic injection of lidocaine hydrochloride was used to alleviate
      distressing symptoms of tinnitus and vertigo in 28 patients with Meniere's
      disease. Of the 28 patients, 82% found an immediate improvement in vertigo, and
      there was an improvement in tinnitus in 67.8%. There was no change in complaints
      of tinnitus or vertigo in five patients with Meniere's disease who were each
      injected with a similar amount of saline into the middle ear, and who acted as a
      control group. An intratympanic injection of lidocaine alleviated the disabling
      symptoms of tinnitus and vertigo in some of the patients with Meniere's disease
      who had not reacted well to medical treatment. The procedure is without the
      hazards of the intravenous injection of lidocaine, and can be done by every
      otologist, even in clinic practice.

PMID- 4026656
TI  - Meniere's disease (syndrome?).

PMID- 4026657
TI  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of the cochlear nuclear complex in humans.
AB  - For accurate physical three-dimensional reconstruction of the cochlear nuclear
      complex (CN), we used light microscopy to analyze the CN boundaries, cell types,
      and myelinated nerve bundles and transferred traced contours from enlarged
      photographs of serial sections onto acrylic plates. We produced two models, one
      demonstrating the CN in relation to the brain stem and the other showing the CN
      completely dissected out of the brain stem. The models localized the CN
      boundaries on the brain-stem surface and revealed topographic characteristics of
      the CN and a part of the eighth nerve adjacent to the brain stem. The major parts
      of the CN, namely, the ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei, are located mainly
      within the lateral recess. The models produced are currently used in our
      institution to determine the optimal surgical and electrophysiologic approach to
      the CN.

PMID- 4026658
TI  - The hospital-based helicopter. A threat to hearing?
AB  - Use of hospital-based helicopters for emergency medical transport has increased
      greatly over the past two years. We evaluated the associated noise exposure of
      pilots, aircrew, and transported patients by comparing a noise intensity-duration
      profile for the above groups to Occupational Safety and Health Administration
      standards for noise exposure. The duration of exposure varied from 0.51 to 2.33
      hours per day and the noise intensity from 85 to 90 dB (A). The intensities were
      lower than previously reported in the literature. We conclude that noise
      protection and hearing conservation programs are not required for most civilian
      rotorcraft medical transport programs.

PMID- 4026659
TI  - Surgery in elderly patients with chronic otitis media.
AB  - The results of surgery in 75 ears in patients over 60 years of age affected by
      chronic otitis media were compared with the results of surgery in 693 ears in
      patients under 60 years of age affected by chronic otitis media. Results in the
      elderly patients were found to be as good as those in the younger patients. No
      severe complications of surgery occurred in the patients over 60 years of age.
      The authors recommend that surgery should be undertaken on ears of elderly
      patients affected by chronic otitis media on the basis of the same indications as
      in younger patients.

PMID- 4026660
TI  - Osteogenesis in vascularized periosteum. Interactions with underlying bone.
AB  - This study is the first in a series of experiments undertaken to obtain basic
      information regarding the behavior of vascularized periosteum. Ten adult dogs
      were used and in each animal costal periosteum was alternatively placed in
      contact with normal (but previously detached) rib, and rib segments devitalized
      by autoclaving, decorticated, and isolated by means of a Silastic wrap. Specimens
      were harvested at 10, 20, 40, and 70 days and were evaluated grossly,
      histopathologically, and by tetracycline hydrochloride fluorescence studies.
      Periosteum in contact with intact bone became osteogenic within 20 days.
      Periosteum in contact with autoclaved and decorticated bone also became
      osteogenic but at a slower rate. Isolated periosteum failed to produce bone.
      These findings indicate that osteogenesis in transferred periosteum depends not
      only on maintenance of its vascular supply but also on its proximity to viable
      bone and its ability to interact with the recipient surface.

PMID- 4026661
TI  - Skin wound approximation with new absorbable suture material.
AB  - A new rapid strength loss catgut suture material can be used for skin closures in
      wounds of the face and body. Seventy-six comparisons were made under controlled
      conditions between the new material and one formerly recommended. The new
      material was used in 588 other wounds as well. It is concluded that the new
      material is superior to the other in several important ways.

PMID- 4026662
TI  - A scale for evaluating results of rhinoplasty.
AB  - A system was developed to numerically grade noses before and after rhinoplasty.
      Based on the use of photographs, it permits objective assessment of the amount of
      improvement resulting from operation. By extension, it could be used to rate
      surgical proficiency.

PMID- 4026663
TI  - Combined functional oral rehabilitation after radical cancer surgery.
AB  - Formerly, patients requiring extensive reconstruction of the oral cavity and
      oropharynx after radical, ablative oncologic surgery faced the unhappy prospect
      of lengthy, multistaged repair to enjoy acceptable cosmesis and a functional oral
      cavity. The advent of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has made soft
      tissue, single-stage closure of large oral cavity and oropharyngeal defects a
      reality. Unfortunately and frequently, restoration of mucocutaneous continuity of
      the mouth does not result in acceptable function. Advances in the materials and
      design of prostheses suggested the combination of myocutaneous flap
      reconstruction and functional, prosthetic restoration as a method of returning
      the patient with head and neck cancer to a state of acceptable function and
      appearance soon after major resection.

PMID- 4026664
TI  - Cervical lymph node metastases. Incidence and implications of extracapsular
      carcinoma.
AB  - The incidence and prognostic significance of extracapsular spread (ECS) of tumor
      in cervical lymphatics was investigated. The surgical specimens from 349 patients
      treated for squamous cell carcinoma by radical neck dissection between 1978 and
      1982 have been examined retrospectively. Follow-up data were available relative
      to recurrence rate, site of recurrence, and disease-free intervals. Fifty-nine
      percent of the patients with N1 cervical metastases had ECS. Patients were
      classified according to the histopathologic findings in the radical neck
      dissection specimens. The three groups identified were patients with normal
      nodes, patients with no ECS, and patients with ECS. The histopathologic evidence
      of ECS was associated with a statistically significant reduction in survival when
      compared with patients without ECS. The disease-free interval between treatment
      and the development of recurrent disease was shorter for patients with ECS than
      for patients with no ECS.

PMID- 4026665
TI  - Defective monocyte chemotaxis in patients with epidermoid tumors of the head and
      neck.
AB  - The function of the immune surveillance system has been studied extensively in
      patients with neoplastic disease. Defective monocyte chemotaxis has been
      demonstrated in a variety of neoplastic conditions. We have assayed chemotaxis in
      monocytic and polymorphonuclear leukocytes taken from patients with epidermoid
      tumors of the head and neck. Multiwell chemotaxis chambers and the
      chemoattractant, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, were used.
      Polymorphonuclear leukocytes responded normally, but monocytes from all tumor
      patients studied displayed marked reductions in random migration (86% inhibition)
      and in chemotaxis (77% inhibition) toward formylpeptide.

PMID- 4026666
TI  - Medullary space involvement in laryngeal carcinoma. Computed tomographic
      demonstration.
AB  - The identification of cartilage involvement in laryngeal carcinoma implies
      advanced stage T4 disease. Although computed tomography (CT) provides the most
      accurate method of assessing these cartilages, subtle cartilage invasion may go
      undetected. The major pitfall in detecting tumor involvement is the incomplete
      calcification of these structures, which may simulate cartilage destruction. High
      resolution CT now allows the evaluation of the medullary space of these
      cartilages. The CT finding of abnormal soft tissue in the central medullary space
      in addition to a focal cortical defect allows the confident diagnosis of
      cartilage involvement.

PMID- 4026667
TI  - Facial nerve palsy associated with Warthin's tumor.
AB  - A solid parotid mass and an ipsilateral facial weakness is nearly pathognomonic
      for a malignant parotid neoplasm. There are only a few documented cases in the
      world's literature of nonmalignant parotid lesions causing facial paralysis. A
      case is presented of a Warthin's tumor causing a facial palsy. Extensive areas of
      necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis surrounding branches of the facial nerve may
      have accounted for the facial palsy.

PMID- 4026668
TI  - Clostridium difficile colitis following head and neck surgery. Report of cases.
AB  - Clostridium difficile, a toxin-producing, gram-positive anaerobe, has been
      implicated as the causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis, an acute
      inflammatory bowel disease that generally occurs in association with
      antimicrobial therapy. This subject has received extensive review in the general
      surgical, medical, and pediatric literature but has not been specifically
      addressed in the literature of our specialty. We present the report of four
      recent cases, including one that progressed to the clinical picture of
      peritonitis and toxin megacolon. The literature is reviewed regarding
      presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of C difficile colitis. Familiarity with
      this disease process may minimize morbidity and prevent disastrous complications
      following major head and neck surgery.

PMID- 4026669
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome--related lymphadenopathies presenting in the
      salivary gland lymph nodes.
AB  - Homosexual males at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
      frequently present with peripheral lymphadenopathies that precede the
      opportunistic infections and neoplasias of this disease. Two homosexual males had
      enlarged salivary glands due to lymphadenopathies initially affecting
      intraparotid and perisubmaxillary gland lymph nodes. Both the hyperplastic and
      the atrophic histologic patterns of AIDS-related lymphadenopathies were observed
      in the lymph nodes. Subsequently, the two patients developed lymphoma and
      opportunistic infections, respectively. The AIDS-related lymphadenopathy
      developing in salivary gland lymph nodes is an entity that should be considered
      in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.

PMID- 4026670
TI  - Facial palsy in Bannwarth's syndrome: a tick-borne spirochetosis.

PMID- 4026671
TI  - The twisted larynx: a clinical syndrome.

PMID- 4026672
TI  - Pathologic diagnosis: histoplasmosis of the tonsil.

PMID- 4026673
TI  - Functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Theory and diagnostic evaluation.
AB  - The keys to functional endoscopic sinus surgery are an understanding of the
      underlying mechanisms of paranasal sinus disease and the ability to diagnose the
      causes accurately. Previously unrecognized causes of recurrent acute sinusitis
      and of chronic sinus symptomatology can now be identified by careful diagnostic
      evaluation. Systematic nasal endoscopy and high-resolution computed tomographic
      imaging provide complementary diagnostic information that can allow for the
      recognition of problems not identifiable by other means. The ability to diagnose
      these problems and to correct them with functional endoscopic surgery heralds new
      possibilities in the field.

PMID- 4026674
TI  - Diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea. A multidisciplinary
      approach.
AB  - Snoring has been shown to be the primary sign of a potentially serious medical
      condition, ie, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Traditionally, the otolaryngologist
      has been the primary medical resource for patients with snoring problems.
      However, until recently, little was known about the now-acknowledged serious
      complications of this phenomenon. Of the primary treatments for this condition,
      those most commonly utilized to date involve surgical procedures routinely
      performed by the otolaryngologist, ie, tracheostomy and
      uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Thus, the practicing otolaryngologist has been thrust
      into the forefront in the diagnosis and management of OSA. Hence, it behooves the
      modern practitioner to be cognizant of the multidisciplinary approach to this
      problem. Herein, we review snoring as a medical problem, sleep laboratory studies
      of patients with OSA, and the interaction of multidisciplinary team members in
      the optimal management of this ubiquitous problem.

PMID- 4026676
TI  - Circulating immunocomplexes and laryngeal carcinoma.
AB  - Serum levels of circulating immunocomplexes (CIC) were studied in a group of 37
      patients with laryngeal carcinoma using two polyethylene glycol-precipitation
      methods. The preoperative values of this group showed higher levels of CIC when
      compared with 140 normal controls. No correlation was noted between tumoral
      stage, oncotype, and serum levels of CIC. Previous studies have shown that the
      status of several different types of human tumors can be monitored by serial
      determinations of levels of CIC. We believe that this technique can be used to
      evaluate the efficacy of therapy and to detect the recurrence of laryngeal
      carcinoma.

PMID- 4026675
TI  - The role of endoscopy in evaluating patients with head and neck cancer. A multi
      institutional prospective study.
AB  - In a prospective multi-institutional study of 384 patients undergoing endoscopy,
      an 8.9% incidence of second primary neoplasms was discovered simultaneously in
      the lung (3.3%), esophagus (1.8%), and other head and neck sites (3.6%). The
      endoscopy was the only source of detection of these tumors in 58% of cases. A
      trend indicates that flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy was more effective than
      rigid bronchoscopy in discovering lung tumors (7.5% vs 2.3%). Nevertheless, the
      chest roentgenogram remains an important tool in the diagnosis of second primary
      lesions in the lung. Panendoscopy is safe, takes little time, and can add
      invaluable information concerning therapy in patients with head and neck cancers.

PMID- 4026677
TI  - Measurement of alternative blood flow in the porcine panniculus carnosus
      myocutaneous flap.
AB  - The dependence of a transposed myocutaneous flap on its own vascular pedicle for
      survival is time-related. The number of days required to establish effective
      sustaining perfusion from the periphery was assessed. Based on flap perfusion
      with associated vascular compression as monitored by the laser Doppler and
      dermofluorometer, adequate perfusion levels occurred at days 7 to 10 in the pig
      panniculus carnosus myocutaneous flap. It was established that all flaps will
      survive independent of the vascular pedicle when the laser Doppler readings are
      above 40 mV and the dermofluorometric readings are above 20%. The establishment
      of this baseline information now allows for the investigation of pharmacologic
      manipulation of the blood flow to diminish the duration of dependence on the
      transposed vascular pedicle.

PMID- 4026678
TI  - Otitis media at Canyon Day, Ariz. A 16-year follow-up in Apache Indians.
AB  - A 16-year follow-up survey of native Americans living in Canyon Day, Ariz, did
      not show improvement in the 9.3% rate of clinically significant otitis media.
      However, the manifestations were more benign, especially in children, and
      included the spectrum of otitis media. A genetically determined eustachian tube
      difference may explain the high rate of occurrence of otitis media in these
      Apache Indians. Improvements in living conditions and health care may explain the
      change to less severe manifestations.

PMID- 4026679
TI  - Auditory brain-stem response in determination of brain death.
AB  - A diagnosis of brain death requires evidence of irreversible destruction (or
      dysfunction) of neurons in the brain stem and cerebrum. The physical examination
      is not a valid index of brain integrity in patients who are drug-intoxicated or
      receiving therapeutic paralyzing agents or high-dose barbiturates. We evaluated
      the use of the auditory brain-stem response (ABR) as an ancillary test in the
      determination of brain death. A total of 100 combined ABR and nuclear cerebral
      blood flow studies were completed at bedside with 81 acute, severely brain
      injured adults. The ABR and cerebral blood flow outcomes were significantly
      correlated. We conclude that the ABR is a clinically feasible and useful
      procedure in the determination of brain death, especially in patients whose
      medical therapy compromises the neurologic examination.

PMID- 4026680
TI  - Congenital cholesteatoma of the petrous pyramid.
AB  - A 20-year follow-up was done on a patient with a large congenital cholesteatoma
      of the petrous apex. The patient was treated successfully with marsupialization
      through a radical mastoidectomy and sphenoid sinusotomy. Cranial computed
      tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated continued cholesteatoma
      growth. Bone-conduction thresholds remained normal despite replacement of the
      internal auditory canal by cholesteatoma matrix. The patient continues to have
      chronic otorrhea, but is otherwise asymptomatic.

PMID- 4026681
TI  - A mucocele of the submandibular gland.
AB  - We encountered an unusual case of a mucocele arising from the submandibular
      gland. Among the limited number of cystic salivary gland neoplasms reported in
      the literature, there have been no reports, to our knowledge, of a similar cystic
      lesion. The unique characteristics of this mass permitted definitive diagnosis by
      computed tomographic scanning.

PMID- 4026683
TI  - Reconstruction of large nasal defects with a subcutaneous pedicle nasolabial
      flap. An underutilized technique.
AB  - The cosmetic repair and camouflage of large full-thickness defects of the nasal
      bridge and lower nasal skin can be an arduous task. The standard techniques of
      split- or full-thickness skin grafts provide for a poor color match and
      inadequate tissue mass, and other flap techniques do not have the versatility,
      tissue bulk, and ability to hide the donor site that the subcutaneous nasolabial
      pedicle flap does. This technique has versatility in treating larger lower nasal
      bridge defects.

PMID- 4026682
TI  - Autograft frontoplasty. A simple technique for correction of post-osteoplastic
      flap defects.
AB  - A rare but distressing complication of frontal embossment was managed after
      osteoplastic flap surgery. The technique is relatively simple and predictable,
      consisting of frontal bone autografts, bone pate, and Silastic sheeting. This
      technique may have potential application to other posttraumatic defects that
      require frontal contour restoration.

PMID- 4026684
TI  - Is there an auriculovagal reflex producing cardiac dysrhythmias?

PMID- 4026685
TI  - Management of patients with tinnitus.

PMID- 4026686
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 1. Hairy polyp.

PMID- 4026687
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2. Antral choanal polyp.

PMID- 4026688
TI  - Investigations of serum testosterone levels in patients with laryngeal cancers.
AB  - Serum testosterone levels were determined by a radioimmunological method in 102
      patients with laryngeal carcinoma and in a control group of 10 healthy men. All
      patients were examined before the initiation of any operative or radiation
      therapy and after termination of treatment. The testosterone levels in the cancer
      patients showed a tendency toward higher values when compared with a control
      group of healthy men. These results indicate that hormone preparations could be
      considered as part of the therapy of laryngeal carcinomas.

PMID- 4026689
TI  - Schneiderian papillomas of the nasal septum.
AB  - A case of Schneiderian papilloma of the nasal septum is presented. The condition
      is rare, as indicated by a review of previously published cases. The clinical
      course of the lesion suggests that it behaves like Schneiderian papillomas
      elsewhere in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The need for aggressive
      surgical management and careful follow-up is emphasized.

PMID- 4026690
TI  - Parotid gland hemorrhage as a complication of coumarin compound ingestion.
AB  - Bleeding in the salivary glands represents a very rare complication of oral
      anticoagulant therapy. Only one such case has been previously described in the
      submandibular glands. To the best of our knowledge, we document the first case of
      hemorrhage in the parotid gland following the ingestion of coumarin compounds.

PMID- 4026691
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute acoustic trauma.
AB  - We conducted a study on the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on 122 soldiers
      following acute acoustic trauma. The patients included in this study, after the
      effect of spontaneous recovery had largely been excluded, were randomly allocated
      to four treatment groups. The results of our studies show that hyperbaric oxygen
      therapy shortens the course of healing with respect to high-pitch perception
      dysacusis. The results of treatment after an observation period of 6 weeks is
      also more favorable when patients are treated with oxygen when compared to
      patients given infusions or vasoactive substances. Similarly, the use of
      hyperbaric oxygen therapy also reduces the frequency of relapse following
      discharge from hospital. In contrast, the vasoactive substance chosen in our
      studies (betahistine) failed to have a favorable effect on the course of healing.
      Our study has also shown that no method can compare with hyperbaric therapy in
      eliminating tinnitus following acoustic trauma.

PMID- 4026692
TI  - The growth rate of acoustic neuromas: a report of three cases.
AB  - Until the present time, only a few CT air-cisternographic studies have been done
      to define the growth rate of acoustic neuromas. By using this method of study, we
      were able to observe a slow growth rate fo acoustic neuromas in a 41- and a 50
      year-old woman over periods of 6-10 months. In contrast, we were unable to find
      any increase in tumor size during a period of 22 months in a 70-year-old woman.

PMID- 4026693
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the human submandibular gland.
AB  - We examined human submandibular gland parenchyma by scanning electron microscopy
      after removal of connective tissue components by HCl hydrolysis. Stellate-shaped
      myoepithelial cells and basal infoldings were clearly seen, indicating active
      function of the gland.

PMID- 4026694
TI  - The formation of ultrastructural epithelial and subepithelial connective tissue
      changes in experimentally induced cholesteatomas in guinea pigs.
AB  - Histoacryl-induced cholesteatomas were produced in guinea pigs at the
      posterosuperior part of the external ear canal adjacent to the tympanic membrane.
      Semithin and ultrathin tissue sections were used to study primary formation of
      the cholesteatoma as well as the influence of the altered epithelium upon the
      bordering zone of connective tissue. Quantitative and qualitative tissue changes
      were analyzed by electron microscopy and showed degradation and new formation of
      collagen and activation of fibroblasts. Our findings are similar to those
      previously reported on human cholesteatomas and indicate that the bordering
      subepithelial tissue seems to be influenced through the basilar membrane.

PMID- 4026695
TI  - The effect of glycerol on cochlear function and ionic concentration.
AB  - The use of glycerol continues to be a popular clinical test for diagnosing
      reversible hearing loss in patients with Meniere's disease, although its
      mechanism of action remains obscure. The purpose of this investigation was to
      study experimentally the alterations in the ionic composition and function of the
      cochlea which occur following glycerol administration. Immediate decreases in
      inner ear pressure and increases in AP threshold were seen. Delayed decreases in
      the endocochlear potential with increases in inner ear electrolytes occurred.
      However, we were unable to find any substantial changes in inner ear oxygen
      concentrations. Our findings support the concept that the principal action of
      glycerol is in osmotic reduction of inner ear pressure.

PMID- 4026696
TI  - The effects of tympanic neurectomy and chorda tympanectomy on experimentally
      induced parotid duct fistulae in rabbits.
AB  - To study the effects of parasympathetic denervation on the secretory activity of
      parotid fistulae, polyethylene catheters were introduced bilaterally into the
      parotid main excretory ducts of 10 rabbits, followed by unilateral
      parasympathectomy performed by segmental resection of the tympanic plexus and the
      chorda tympani nerve. Although salivary flow from the fistulae of the denervated
      parotid glands stopped up to 8 days earlier than that from the healthy (control)
      glands, the effect of parasympathectomy was not strong enough to recommend this
      operation as the method of choice for the clinical inactivation of persistent
      parotid fistulae.

PMID- 4026697
TI  - Virus-like particles in human vestibular ganglion cells.
AB  - We found intracytoplasmic aggregates of virus-like particles in human vestibular
      ganglion cells. These particles were always observed in the peripheral area of
      the cytoplasm. Morphological characteristics of the cytoplasm are similar to
      those of other ganglion cells. The inclusion bodies are round and measure about
      1.7 micron in maximum diameter. They consist of a porous convoluted dense
      material and virus-like particles. The overall diameter of 118 randomly selected
      particles varies from 36 nm to 73 nm, and the mean value is 53 nm. Most of the
      particles are spherical while a few possess a hexagonal or semicircular profile.
      The particles exhibit a double external membrane or vesiculated external layer.
      Most of the particles are empty. There are, however, some particles which show
      vesicular structures in their content. Although our present data are insufficient
      to determine these particles as viral, their hexagonal shape and size are similar
      to true virus. With these data in mind, we suggest that these particles might be
      a dormant form of virus and may possibly produce infectious disease in the inner
      ear.

PMID- 4026698
TI  - Immunological investigation and treatment of rhinitis and bronchial asthma.

PMID- 4026699
TI  - Hay fever, rhinitis and nasal polyps.

PMID- 4026700
TI  - Hay fever.

PMID- 4026701
TI  - Wood's light examination.

PMID- 4026702
TI  - A university teaching practice: can it teach, research and fulfil a normal
      service role?

PMID- 4026703
TI  - Where have all the babies gone? An infant care study.

PMID- 4026704
TI  - Anxiety disorders: Part 1.

PMID- 4026705
TI  - The ticket of entry. Authentic case histories from Australian general practice.

PMID- 4026706
TI  - The effects on children of parental separation and divorce.

PMID- 4026708
TI  - Some aspects of the management of angina.

PMID- 4026707
TI  - Cervical cancer and the Papanicolaou smear.

PMID- 4026709
TI  - Mortality and morbidity in adolescence.

PMID- 4026710
TI  - Doping in sport.

PMID- 4026711
TI  - Upper thoracic back pain.

PMID- 4026712
TI  - Evaluation of two C.T. scanners for dual energy applications.

PMID- 4026713
TI  - Application of the Monte Carlo technique to the study of radiation transport in a
      prompt gama in vivo neutron activation system.

PMID- 4026714
TI  - Quality assurance protocols for diagnostic x-ray equipment. Part 1: General
      radiographic units.

PMID- 4026716
TI  - Familial nephropathy in cocker spaniels.
AB  - A clinical diagnosis of chronic renal failure associated with nephron atrophy and
      fibrosis was made in 4 blue roan Cocker Spaniels. The lesion was considered to be
      the result of a primary glomerulopathy. All dogs were closely related. The
      findings were similar to those previously described for renal cortical
      hypoplasia. On the basis of the morphological findings and genetic
      characteristics, the use of the more appropriate term, familial nephropathy is
      encouraged.

PMID- 4026715
TI  - Some recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 4026717
TI  - Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia in Thoroughbred racehorses in training.
AB  - The prevalence of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia in Thoroughbred racehorses in
      training was investigated using a fibre optic endoscope. Of the 70 horses
      examined, all but 8 showed evidence of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia and the
      severity of the pharyngeal changes decreased with age. Two-year old horses had
      greater pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (p less than 0.05) when compared to all
      other age groups. More horses (p less than 0.05) with Grade 3 or Grade 4
      pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia experienced recent mild respiratory disease than
      did horses with Grade 2 or less pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia. None of the
      horses examined had a history of diminished racing performance although 30% had
      either Grade 3 or Grade 4 pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia.

PMID- 4026718
TI  - Pituitary tumour causing multiple endocrinopathies in a dog.
AB  - A 9-year-old male Boxer with signs of lethargy, weight gain, polyuria,
      polydipsia, eosinopaenia and lymphopaenia was diagnosed as having
      hyperadrenocorticism. Concurrent central diabetes insipidus was diagnosed using a
      water deprivation test and antidiuretic hormone response test. A contrast
      radiographic technique was used to outline a pituitary mass. A chromophobe
      adenoma and secondary hypothyroidism were found on post-mortem examination.

PMID- 4026719
TI  - Suspected monensin toxicosis in feedlot cattle.
AB  - Suspected monensin toxicosis was seen in feedlot cattle aged 6 to 9 months.
      Twenty cattle died following inclusion of monensin in the feed at 400g/tonne,
      which was 13 times the recommended level. The deaths occurred over 2 weeks.
      Clinical signs were inappetance, respiratory distress and sudden death. Post
      mortem features were those of right-sided heart failure and included dependent
      subcutaneous oedema, ascites, hydrothorax, and periancinar hepatocyte congestion
      and necrosis. However, in contrast to previous reports no myocardial necrosis was
      found, but focal skeletal muscle necrosis was observed. Additional findings were
      marked pulmonary oedema accompanied by fibrin and erythrocyte exudation into
      alveoli and interlobular lymphatics. From these findings it appears that
      monensin, as well as affecting both cardiac and skeletal muscle, has a primary
      effect on lung vasculature.

PMID- 4026720
TI  - Echinura uncinata infestation in mute swan cygnets (Cygnus olor).

PMID- 4026721
TI  - Haemonchus-free trichostrongylid illthrift in unweaned lambs in south eastern
      Queensland.

PMID- 4026722
TI  - Incidence of poisonings in dogs and cats in Melbourne.

PMID- 4026723
TI  - Mastitis in cows and polyarthritis and pneumonia in calves caused by Mycoplasma
      species bovine group 7.

PMID- 4026724
TI  - The prevalence of ovine brucellosis in cull Merino rams in western Australia.

PMID- 4026726
TI  - Epidemiological aspects of hyperlipaemia in ponies in south eastern Australia.

PMID- 4026725
TI  - Experiments with limestone supplemented cereal grain fed sheep.

PMID- 4026727
TI  - Eimeria canadensis in calves.

PMID- 4026728
TI  - Virus isolation from tracheal explant cultures and oropharyngeal swabs in
      attempts to detect persistent Newcastle disease virus infections in chickens.
AB  - Three-to-seven-week-old broiler-type chickens were inoculated with Newcastle
      disease virus (NDV) by eye-drop (ED) or intratracheally (IT), and virus isolation
      was attempted from oropharyngeal (oral) swabs and medium harvested from tracheal
      explant cultures (TEC). The TEC were maintained in screw-capped tissue-culture
      flasks for at least 1 month, and medium harvested at regular feeding times was
      assayed for NDV and NDV antibody. The earliest and latest sample times were 3 and
      21 days after NDV inoculation. The three experiments done were: Expt. 1,
      infection of nonvaccinates with NDV strain La Sota; Expt. 2, infection of NDV
      vaccinates and nonvaccinates with NDV strain Largo; and Expt. 3, infection of NDV
      vaccinates and nonvaccinates with NDV wild-type strain Kansas-Manhattan (KM) and
      two temperature-sensitive (ts) clones derived by J. S. Youngner from the KM
      strain. All experiments yielded similar results. On day 3 postinoculation (PI),
      most chickens were shedding virus recoverable by oral swabs and detectable in
      harvests from TEC prepared on that day. On day 7 PI, there was a sharp reduction
      in the frequency of virus-positive oral swabs, but there was no decline in the
      frequency of virus-positive TEC. On day 14 PI or later, all oral swabs and TEC
      were virus-negative, except for one chicken in Expt. 3 that was oral-swab
      positive. There was no evidence of NDV persistence in the TEC of oral-swab
      negative chickens on or after day 14 PI. The results of these experiments are in
      contrast with previous reports of the detection of latent NDV by virus isolation
      from harvests of TEC prepared 18 or more days PI. The ts clones of strain KM used
      in Expt. 3 induced a markedly poorer antibody response and were shed for a
      shorter time than the KM parental virus.

PMID- 4026729
TI  - Divergent selection of chickens for antibody response to sheep erythrocytes:
      kinetics of primary and secondary immunizations.
AB  - Chicks from lines selectively bred for either high or low antibody response post
      primary immunization (PPI) to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and their reciprocal
      crosses were immunized intravenously with 0.1 ml of 0.25% SRBC antigen in Trials
      1 and 3 and with 0.1 ml of 0.025%, 0.25%, or 25% SRBC antigen in Trial 2. All
      initial immunizations were made at 35 days of age, and 0.1 ml of 0.25% SRBC
      booster dose was given 24 days later. Results showed that (a) population
      differences appeared by day 4 PPI and persisted through day 24 PPI, (b)
      regardless of population, peak titers occurred at about the same time for primary
      and secondary immunizations, (c) dosage of antigen influenced differences among
      populations in antibody response to primary immunization, and (d) both selected
      lines had similar responses in 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive and 2-mercaptoethanol
      resistant antibodies to primary but not secondary immunization.

PMID- 4026730
TI  - Paramyxovirus type 3 (PMV-3) in California turkeys: serologic study of PMV-3
      antibody with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detecting
      paramyxovirus type 3 (PMV-3) antibody. This test had a higher sensitivity than
      the hemagglutination-inhibition test, and no cross-reactivity with various
      paramyxoviruses or avian pathogens was detected when the sera were tested diluted
      1:200. The incidence of PMV-3 infection in California was studied by testing 2037
      turkey sera from 174 meat and breeder flocks for the presence of PMV-3 antibody
      using the ELISA. The age at which the infection occurs was around 5 to 8 weeks
      for meat flocks and 10 to 12 weeks for breeder flocks. Infection with the PMV-3,
      as determined serologically, was more frequent than manifested cases of disease,
      and 95.2% of the flocks aged over 11 weeks had PMV-3 antibody. No typical
      manifestations of PMV-3 disease (respiratory disease plus drop in egg production)
      were observed, probably because of the early infection which occurred before
      laying age.

PMID- 4026732
TI  - Transmission of Campylobacter jejuni by the housefly (Musca domestica).
AB  - Houseflies (Musca domestica) were infected with Campylobacter jejuni after being
      confined for 5 days in a Horsfall isolator containing 25-day-old chickens known
      to be fecal excretors of the organism. Contaminated flies, when subsequently
      transferred to a second unit, transmitted C. jejuni to specific-pathogen-free
      chickens. Allowing a sample of 32 houseflies to ingest C. jejuni in a liquid
      suspension resulted in recovery rates of 20% from the feet and ventral surface of
      the body and 70% from the viscera. These experiments demonstrated the potential
      role of flies in the dissemination of avian campylobacteriosis.

PMID- 4026731
TI  - The in vitro response of turkey lymphocytes to steroid hormones.
AB  - The in vitro mitogen response of whole blood turkey lymphocytes to various
      concentrations of steroid hormones was evaluated. Corticosterone (COS) at
      concentrations between 1 and 80 ng/ml significantly suppressed the proliferative
      response (3H-thymidine incorporation) to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and
      concanavalin A (ConA). Non-mitogen-stimulated (NMS) cells were suppressed at
      concentrations of COS above 5 ng/ml. Progesterone significantly suppressed NMS
      cells at concentrations of 80 ng/ml, PHA-stimulated cells at concentrations of
      500 ng/ml, and ConA-stimulated cells at concentrations of 1000 ng/ml. beta
      Estradiol enhanced the response of NMS cells at concentrations of 500 ng/ml, had
      no effect on PHA-stimulated cells, and suppressed the response of ConA-stimulated
      cells at concentrations greater than 500 ng/ml. Testosterone affected only the
      ConA response, causing suppression at concentrations above 2000 ng/ml.
      Corticosterone and progesterone caused 80 and 95% suppression, respectively, of
      the proliferative response to ConA when compared with non-hormone-treated cells.
      The possible implications of steroid hormone-induced immunosuppression in the
      pathogenesis of aspergillosis is discussed.

PMID- 4026733
TI  - Role of litter in the transmission of Campylobacter jejuni.
AB  - Autoclaved or non-autoclaved used broiler litter that was experimentally
      contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni was capable of infecting specific-pathogen
      free chicks maintained in modified Horsfall isolators. Artificially infected
      chicks became fecal shedders of C. jejuni, resulting in contamination of both
      autoclaved and non-autoclaved used broiler litter. Fecal shedding of C. jejuni by
      litter-reared, artificially infected chicks persisted for at least 63 days after
      chicks were transferred to an isolation unit with a wire floor, which prevented
      coprophagy. C. jejuni was consistently recovered from water and litter in units
      housing directly and indirectly infected birds, indicating environmental
      contamination. These experiments demonstrate the potential role of litter in the
      perpetuation and transmission of C. jejuni infection in commercial chickens.

PMID- 4026734
TI  - Isolation of avian paramyxoviruses from sentinel ducks and turkeys in Minnesota.
AB  - In a 4-year study (1980-1983) involving the use of sentinel ducks that
      intermingled with wild ducks, a total of 98 paramyxovirus (PMV) isolates (84
      Newcastle disease virus, 14 PMV-6) were obtained from 3652 sentinel duck cloacal
      samples (2.7% isolation rate) collected between June and mid-November each year.
      PMV infection of sentinel ducks appeared to be seasonal, with the onset of
      infection occurring between mid-July and mid-August. PMV was not isolated from
      sentinel turkeys that co-mingled with sentinel ducks during the last 2 years of
      the study. However, there was serological evidence that the sentinel turkeys were
      infected with PMV. These findings indicate that wild waterfowl are a natural
      reservoir of PMV and suggest that interspecies transmission of certain PMV
      serotypes may occur between waterfowl and turkeys.

PMID- 4026735
TI  - Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination: further studies on egg transmission and egg
      production.
AB  - Leghorn hens vaccinated twice with an inactivated Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)
      bacterin before egg production and subsequently challenged with virulent MG were
      protected against transmission of MG through the egg. Unvaccinated control hens
      transmitted MG through the egg at a high rate. When unvaccinated hens were
      vaccinated with MG bacterin 2 weeks after challenge with MG, there was no
      significant decrease in egg transmission. Hens vaccinated twice before laying did
      not suffer as severe egg-production drops as unvaccinated hens did when
      challenged with virulent MG. In a natural MG outbreak in a leghorn breeder flock,
      50 hens were separated from the remainder of the flock and vaccinated with MG
      bacterin approximately 3 weeks after initial exposure. The unvaccinated hens
      transmitted MG through the egg at a rate three times higher than the rate of
      transmission of the vaccinated hens.

PMID- 4026736
TI  - Vitamin A toxicity: comparative changes in bone of the broiler and leghorn
      chicks.
AB  - Severe skeletal lesions were produced in both broilers and leghorns orally
      administered toxic levels of vitamin A (330 or 660 IU vit. A/g body weight X day)
      for 21 consecutive days. Hypervitaminosis A in broilers produced an
      osteodystrophy characterized by abnormal thickening of the proliferative
      maturation zone, metaphyseal sclerosis, hyperosteoidosis, decreased number of
      osteoclasts, and parathyroid gland hyperplasia. In leghorns, the osteodystrophic
      lesions were characterized by a thin proliferative-maturation zone, a relatively
      thickened hypertrophy zone, flattened spindle-shaped osteoblasts, and
      osteoporosis. In both broilers and leghorns given excessive vitamin A, the
      osteogenic layer of periosteum in all bones was thin.

PMID- 4026737
TI  - Antibiotic aerosolization: tissue and plasma oxytetracycline concentrations in
      turkey poults.
AB  - Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) was delivered by aerosol to healthy 3-week
      old turkeys. Trachea, lung, and plasma were evaluated for OTC levels at 1, 4, 8,
      12, 24, and 48 hours after aerosol exposure. In Expt. 1, 15 poults in a modified
      Horsfall unit were exposed to 1 g OTC/m3 of air using a DeVilbiss ultrasonic
      nebulizer. In Expt. 2, 25,000 poults in a commercial confinement unit were
      exposed to 0.075 g of OTC/m3 of air using a Fogmaster fogger. In each case,
      initially high tracheal and lung OTC concentrations were obtained. OTC levels in
      the trachea fell to less than 1 microgram/g between 4 and 8 hours postexposure.
      Plasma OTC levels remained low throughout both experiments. Oxytetracycline was
      still detectable in room air 60 min after aerosol exposure and before ventilation
      was restored. This method of administration may have promise for use in
      respiratory infections, but additional studies are needed to further define the
      use of aerosol therapy in poultry production units.

PMID- 4026738
TI  - Isolation and identification of Aegyptianella pullorum (Rickettsiales,
      Anaplasmataceae) in wild turkeys from North America.
AB  - Isodiagnosis of blood from Rio Grande wild turkeys from southern Texas revealed a
      small, intraerythrocytic rickettsia, Aegyptianella pullorum Carpano, 1928, in 24
      of 300 samples. Identification of this first isolate from North America was made
      using both light and transmission electron microscopy. It is suggested that the
      translocation of wild turkeys from Texas to other states could spread this
      pathogen to both wild birds and domestic poultry.

PMID- 4026739
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of Newcastle disease vaccination programs for broiler
      chickens.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of various commercial
      vaccination programs for the prevention of Newcastle disease (ND) in broilers. In
      all, chicks were from breeders vaccinated against ND via drinking water at 75-day
      intervals. Vaccination was by company personnel on company premises. In Expt. 1,
      the initial ND vaccination programs tested were vaccination at 1 day by coarse
      spray with the Spra-Vac machine or by tracheal instillation with the Beak-o-Vac
      machine, and vaccination at 7 days via drinking water. In Expts. 2-4, birds
      initially vaccinated via one of the three previously mentioned methods (Spra-Vac
      in Expt. 2, Beak-o-Vac in Expt. 3, and drinking water in Expt. 4) were
      revaccinated against ND by either drinking water or coarse spray with one of two
      commercial portable machines (ULVA Fan or Spray Master). Serologic and challenge
      data in Expt. 1 indicated that although broilers vaccinated by any of the three
      initial routes failed to produce measurable antibody to NDV, all methods resulted
      in protection against NDV challenge at 35 and 49 days. However, resistance to
      challenge with virulent ND was greatest in birds initially vaccinated by coarse
      spray with the Spra-Vac machine. Results in Expts. 2-4 indicated that NDV
      hemagglutination-inhibition titers were highest and resistance to challenge
      greatest in birds initially vaccinated at day 1 by coarse spray (Spra-Vac) and
      then revaccinated at 14 days by coarse spray. There were no differences, however,
      between the portable coarse spray machines in efficacy in reimmunizing broilers
      against NDV.

PMID- 4026740
TI  - Encephalomalacia associated with hypovitaminosis E in turkey poults.
AB  - Four-to-five-week-old turkey poults fed a diet markedly deficient in vitamin E
      (alpha-tocopherol) abruptly developed neurologic signs such as tremor,
      incoordination, and recumbency shortly after being moved to new quarters. Serum
      concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in birds on this diet were significantly lower
      than control values. Associated lesions included recent ischemic necrosis of the
      cerebellum and spinal cord. The condition closely resembled nutritional
      encephalomalacia of chicks. This report represents the initial published
      description of that entity in turkeys.

PMID- 4026741
TI  - Exencephaly in araucana chickens and silkie bantams.
AB  - Exencephaly and hydranencephaly were diagnosed in two 6-week-old araucana
      chickens (Gallus domesticus) and one adult silkie bantam (Gallus domesticus). The
      chickens were presented with large, subcutaneous, cranial soft-tissue masses and
      exhibited neurological signs. There was partial aplasia of the frontal bones,
      resulting in herniation of the cerebral hemispheres.

PMID- 4026742
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis in the respiratory tract of turkeys in Saskatchewan.
AB  - Developmental stages of Cryptosporidium sp. (Protozoa: Cryptosporiidae) were
      observed in tracheal epithelium of two groups of turkey poults from a farm in
      central Saskatchewan. Lesions associated with the parasite included excess mucus,
      epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia and necrosis, and macrophage and heterophil
      infiltration in thickened lamina propria. Infection with the parasite was
      confirmed by histologic and ultrastructural examination of tracheal tissues.

PMID- 4026743
TI  - A rapid method for renal vascular perfusion for light and transmission electron
      microscopy of chicken kidney.
AB  - A rapid and easily performed vascular-perfusion technique for avian kidney is
      described. This procedure uses 30 cm3 of fixative per adult bird, requires less
      than 1 minute, and results in fixation of one caudal renal division suitable for
      light or transmission electron microscopy. Kidneys fixed by this method were
      superior to those fixed by rapid immersion when compared by light and
      transmission electron microscopy.

PMID- 4026744
TI  - The stress of work: an overview.
AB  - This paper looks at a number of potential occupational stressors found to predict
      job dissatisfaction and ill health (both mental and physical) in a variety of
      different occupational settings. Factors intrinsic to the nature of the job, role
      ambiguity and conflict, poor relationships at work, lack of career development,
      inadequate organisation structure/climate, and problems associated with the
      interface between work and homelife are the focal points of attention. Many of
      these sources of occupational stress are prevalent in the field of aviation, and
      may be exacerbated by the move toward deregulation and increasing commercial
      competition within the industry.

PMID- 4026745
TI  - Occupational stress and the professional pilot: the role of the Pilot Advisory
      Group (PAG).
AB  - This paper discusses the role of pilot peer group involvement, using the Pilot
      Advisory Group (PAG), in assisting pilots who manifest personal problems which
      derive from occupational and other stressors. Some general aspects of
      "background" occupational stress are discussed. Attitudes and opinions of
      professional aviators are identified and their role in denial of symptomatology
      is developed. The concept of the Pilot Advisory Group (PAG) is then discussed in
      detail before its role in relation to occupational stress is introduced. While
      some of the better known problems associated with occupational stress in pilots
      are mentioned, the emphasis in the paper is on developing new perspectives
      regarding the identification of stress-induced dysfunction, and also in exploring
      the suitability of PAG involvement. The formal obligations of management and
      regulatory authorities are contrasted with what the author sees as the
      countervailing imperatives of pilot attitudes and beliefs.

PMID- 4026746
TI  - The endocrinology of stress.
AB  - With the advance in hormone assay techniques it has been demonstrated that stress
      may be characterised by a number of endocrinological changes which are not
      limited solely to the secretion of catecholamines and adrenal steroids. This
      article reviews the effects of various stressors on these and other hormones.
      Aviation is a source of a wide range of stressors including radial acceleration
      (+Gz) Since its magnitude and duration may be controlled experimentally by using
      the human centrifuge, it is possible to quantify such a stressor when
      investigating endocrinological markers of stress. Sustained +Gz acceleration
      results in a "dose-dependent" secretion of cortisol, i.e. the higher the
      acceleration, the greater the cortisol secretion. In addition, increases in the
      concentrations of arginine vasopressin and catecholamines occur but these are not
      accompanied by changes in prolactin or growth hormone.

PMID- 4026747
TI  - Stress, catecholamines, and sleep.
AB  - Difficulties in defining stress stem from its subjective nature. Measurements of
      stress based on its effects on physical and mental morbidity tend to be
      speculative because of the multifactorial causation of stress-related diseases,
      and the characteristically long time-lag between stress states and morbidity. In
      this study catecholamine output was measured in a group of adults Oxfordshire
      villagers and the observed variations were related to their lifestyles and health
      perceptions. A marked circadian variation was observed with adrenaline showing
      the most marked associations with lifestyle. In men it was possible to account
      for a relatively high proportion of the variation in adrenaline excretion by
      relating values to certain factors associated with stress. In women there appears
      to be a similar association between adrenaline output and the social class of the
      husband. Data were also obtained on sleep characteristics, which were assessed
      with regard to lifestyle. Very broadly, sleep duration is related to the level of
      waking activity, while sleep latency and quality are correlated with people's
      self-perception of health.

PMID- 4026748
TI  - Factors predictive of stress, organizational effectiveness, and coronary heart
      disease potential.
AB  - Research to predict stress, organizational effectiveness, and potential for
      developing coronary heart disease (CHD) is presented based on two samples (n =
      357 and n = 225). Results indicate that perceived stress is predicted by a
      combination of individual and job related characteristics. The data suggest that
      stress, in turn, affects individual and organizational health and effectiveness,
      by causing increases in cold/flu episodes, somatic symptoms, while decreasing job
      satisfaction. In addition, stress has an indirect effect on job performance and
      absenteeism. Models for predicting the ratio of total serum cholesterol divided
      by HDL cholesterol as an indicator of coronary heart disease potential are
      provided and a CHD screening model is proposed.

PMID- 4026749
TI  - Changes of posture during transient perturbations in microgravity.
AB  - The control of goal-directed arm movement and of body stability before, during,
      and 3 d after a 7-d spaceflight has been investigated. The findings show that the
      anticipatory and compensatory activities of the postural muscles were highly
      reproducible during the first days of the space mission. The sequence of these
      activities, studied in two situations--in which the platform either was fixed or
      could rotate about near the rotation axis of the ankle--was similar to a ground
      based situation. The trajectory of various body segments demonstrates that a 7-d
      exposure to microgravity did not result in major changes in posture. Furthermore,
      vision seemed to play an important role in the control of standing posture at the
      beginning of the flight. Postural perturbations, elicited by unexpected
      displacements of the foot support, involved leg muscle reflexes whose amplitudes
      were greatly reduced compared to those on earth.

PMID- 4026750
TI  - Puma (SA 330) helicopter impact simulation: demonstration of the efficiency of
      the French crashworthy seat.
AB  - An experiment examining the accelerations encountered during a helicopter crash
      has been conducted on the SA 330 Puma. The measures recorded from anthropomorphic
      dummies used in this experiment clearly demonstrated the efficiency of
      crashworthy seats. Very high levels of acceleration recorded on the aircraft
      floor are attenuated by the seat. Neither phase shift nor amplification have been
      observed in the elastic response of the various parts of the dummies' bodies
      (head-chest-pelvis). The four point restraint harness was also found to be very
      efficient. However, the extrapolation of results obtained from dummies can be
      misleading. Original data processing technics and interpretation methods have
      been developed for this experiment. They might allow the prediction of human
      tolerance to crash accelerations with a fair safety margin.

PMID- 4026751
TI  - Differences in health risks by aircraft model among U.S. Navy pilots.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to identify health risks associated with eight
      aircraft models in a population of U.S. Navy pilots (n = 22,245) during a 12.5
      year time period. Results showed that pilots in the trainer/miscellaneous group
      (less than or equal to 35 years of age) had significantly higher hospitalization
      rates than other pilot groups for almost all diagnoses whereas reconnaissance
      pilots were distinguished from others by lower total hospitalization rates.
      Younger helicopter pilots had significantly higher hospitalization rates for
      joint diseases than four other groups and significantly higher rates for nervous
      system disorders than attack and patrol/antisubmarine groups. Explanations for
      these and mortality rate results were provided by examining the influence of
      selection and retention criteria; age, experience, and exposure; pilot population
      characteristics; and aircraft model assignments.

PMID- 4026752
TI  - Effects of exercise-heat acclimation on fluid, electrolyte, and endocrine
      responses during tilt and +Gz acceleration in women and men.
AB  - Plasma fluid, electrolyte, protein, renin, and vasoactive hormone (epinephrine,
      norepinephrine, vasopressin) responses were measured in six women (21-23 yr) and
      four men (21-38 yr) before and immediately following an orthostatic tolerance
      test (70 degrees head-up tilt) and a +Gz (head-to-foot) acceleration tolerance
      test (0.5 G X min-1 linear ramp to grayout). These tests were conducted before
      and after 12 consecutive days of exercise-heat acclimation when the subjects
      exercised on a cycle ergometer at a relative oxygen uptake of 44% to 49% peak
      oxygen uptake in a hot environment (Ta = 40 degrees C, 42% rh). During
      acclimation plasma volume increased by 10.6% (p less than 0.05) in the women and
      by 11.9% (p less than 0.05) in the men; in both groups exercise heart rate
      decreased significantly. After acclimation, acceleration tolerance was unchanged
      in both groups (range 3.1 to 3.4 G); the women's tilt tolerance was unchanged
      (range 33.6 to 39.5 min), but the men's tilt tolerance increased from 30.4 min
      before to 58.3 min (delta = 91%, p less than 0.05) after acclimation. Since the
      pattern of fluid, electrolyte, and protein shifts and acceleration tolerances in
      the women and men were virtually the same, the hormone responses were highly
      variable, and the men's tilt tolerance increased significantly after acclimation,
      it is clear that responses to tilting cannot be used to predict responses to
      acceleration. Analysis of data from the present study and the literature suggests
      that current exercise training regimes should be unrestricted for astronauts who
      have not previously been highly endurance trained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4026753
TI  - Effects of deceleration on the humoral antibody response in rats.
AB  - The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of hyper-gravity
      (hyper-G) followed by a return to normal gravity (deceleration) on the immune
      system of rats. Hyper-G was simulated by chronic centrifugation. Eighteen 35-d
      old male rats were divided into three groups of six rats each. Two groups were
      exposed to 2.1 G and 3.1 G, respectively, for 28 d. The third group served as 1.0
      G controls. Rats were removed from the centrifuge on day 29. All rats were
      immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on days 29, 42, and 57; rats were
      bled on days 36, 47, and 62. Hematocrits and anti-SRBC titers were determined
      each day the rats were bled. White blood cell (WBC) counts were determined on day
      47. On day 63, all rats were sacrificed and organ:body mass ratios obtained for a
      number of organs. Centrifuged rats ate and gained significantly less. The
      organ:body mass ratios for the adrenal glands, kidneys, lungs, heart, and thymus
      were unaffected by deceleration. Although marginally significant (p less than
      0.05) decreased organ:body mass ratios were found for the liver and spleen in the
      3.1 G group, this effect may not be real, due to the small number of rats used.
      No significant differences were found in hematocrits, WBC counts, or anti-SRBC
      titers. These experiments indicate that deceleration does not adversely affect
      these particular aspects of the immune system. However, they do not preclude the
      possibility that other aspects of the immune system, such as interferon or
      complement, may be affected.

PMID- 4026754
TI  - HDL-cholesterol related to weight, smoking, and physical fitness in German Air
      Force pilots.
AB  - This study was undertaken to find out the importance of HDL-cholesterol in
      assessing coronary risk in our pilots. We related cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol,
      and the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio in blood to the BROCA-Index, smoking,
      and relative PWC 150 in 589 individuals. We found positive correlations between
      the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio to the BROCA-Index and to smoking. We did
      not find any correlation between cholesterol alone and the BROCA-Index or
      smoking. Moreover, we failed to find any correlations to physical fitness
      calculated from PWC 150. That may be due to the higher physical fitness standard
      in our pilots in comparison with the normal population. It is concluded, that a
      HDL-cholesterol determination is a more relevant parameter than cholesterol alone
      in borderline and elevated cholesterol levels.

PMID- 4026755
TI  - Age and space flight.
AB  - Criteria for space flight crew and passenger selection should be based on the
      following three considerations: (1) freedom from impairing disease, (2) ability
      to perform mission requirements and (3) motivation to undertake the mission.
      Chronologic age of itself is not a valid criterion. Forecast life expectancy and
      vitality relative to mission duration are valid criteria and can be applied on an
      individual basis using modern assessment techniques. The good health and vitality
      characterizing the upper ages of today's population widens the opportunity to
      utilize increasingly broad fields of experience and skills in future space
      flights, further enhancing the odds for total mission accomplishment.

PMID- 4026756
TI  - Lt Paul R. Wolff, MC, USNR, saves crewmen during ordeal within collapsed aircraft
      fuselage after crash.
AB  - Lt Paul R. Wolff, MC, USNR, is the first to receive Pride and Professionalism
      recognition for his heroic and professional action while responding to the crash
      of a Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force PS-1 aircraft. At the time of the
      crash, Dr. Wolff was assigned as the senior flight surgeon representing the First
      Marine Aircraft Wing and Naval Regional Medical Center Branch Clinic, Marine
      Corps Air Station, Iwakuni, Japan. On 26 April, 1983, the aircraft crashed just
      outside the perimeter of the Marine Corps Air Station. Lt Wolff was the first
      medical person to arrive at the crash site and immediately took charge of the
      medical aspects of the rescue. Upon learning that several air-crew members were
      still trapped inside the smoldering wreckage, he unhesitatingly and with complete
      disregard for his personal safety while fully aware of the personal dangers
      involved, entered the wreckage to provide medical care to the injured during a 4
      hour period. Lt Wolff's bravery, superlative knowledge, exceptional skills, and
      outstanding leadership abilities under extremely dangerous circumstances led to
      saving the lives of three crewmen who were trapped. Below is a narration of the
      events that took place after the crash and Lt Wolff's medical response in the
      ensuing hours. It is given by Lt Wolff as he recounts the events.

PMID- 4026757
TI  - Space exploration and innovative developments in the aerospace industry.

PMID- 4026758
TI  - DDT--susceptibility status of Anopheles philippinensis--a mosquito vector of
      malaria in Bangladesh.
AB  - DDT-susceptibility tests conducted on An. philippinensis Ludlow in 1979 and 1980
      and several previous years of observations made during malaria programmes in
      different areas of Bangladesh have been reported. The LC50 value for 1980 was
      found to be 0.74% DDT showing 2.96 and 1.85 fold increase of tolerance level from
      1961 (0.25%) and 1976 (0.4%) respectively. The tests showed that the species
      continues to be susceptible to DDT in Bangladesh. However, the changes in LC50
      over the years may indicate a slight acquisition of "vigour tolerance."

PMID- 4026759
TI  - Correlation of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram with operative findings.
AB  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary
      obstruction was correlated with laparotomy findings. Out of a total of 55 cases
      who had PTC, 28 underwent laparotomy. PTC diagnosis of the cause of obstruction
      was correct in 93 percent of them. The differentiation of benign from malignant
      lesion was accurate in all the cases. It is concluded that PTC is valuable in the
      diagnosis of the cause of extrahepatic obstruction.

PMID- 4026760
TI  - Clinical profile of rheumatic fever in some hospitalised children of Bangladesh.
AB  - Clinical profile of rheumatic fever (RF) in 100 hospitalised children of
      Bangladesh were studied. Peak age period of the incidence of the disease was
      found in the age group of 11-12 years (34 percent) and majority (83.5 percent) of
      the cases belonged to the middle and poor classes. There was slight preponderance
      of the male. Carditis was the commonest (64 percent) manifestation followed by
      poly-arthritis (51 percent). Chorea was present in 6 percent and subcutaneous
      nodules were in 7 percent cases. Erythema marginatum (EM) was conspicuous by its
      absence. Amongst the rheumatic heart diseases (RHD), mitral stenosis (MS) and
      mitral incompetence (MI) comprised the highest (35 percent) incidence and next to
      it was the MS (13 percent) and MI (9 percent).

PMID- 4026761
TI  - Study of awareness during noninhalational anaesthesia.
AB  - Forty-five adult patients underwent a noninhalational anaesthetic method for
      investigation of awareness during surgery and recall of events associated with
      surgery in postoperative period. All the patients were divided into two groups.
      The first group of patients were male and had upper abdominal operations. The
      second group were female and had lower abdominal operations. No significant
      difference was found between these two groups either in requirements of depth of
      anaesthesia or in the evidence of per-operative awakefulness. Eighty percent
      patients of both the groups showed various signs of peroperative awakefulness but
      did not recall any events associated with surgery in the postoperative period.
      There was no report of dream either.

PMID- 4026763
TI  - Structured exploratory data analysis: a critique.

PMID- 4026762
TI  - A study of familial resemblance for two cognitive psychometric tests by
      permutation analyses.

PMID- 4026764
TI  - Morphometric studies in inbred and hybrid house mice. VI. A genetical analysis of
      brain and body size.

PMID- 4026766
TI  - Responses of male mice to odors of females: effects of T- and H-2-locus genotype.

PMID- 4026767
TI  - Depressive symptoms and unprompted causal attributions: content analysis.

PMID- 4026765
TI  - The genetic architecture of hyponeophagia and the action of diazepam in rats.

PMID- 4026768
TI  - The nature of depressive and anxious, intrusive thoughts: distinct or uniform
      phenomena?

PMID- 4026769
TI  - A behavioral-analytic model for assessing social skills in blind adolescents.

PMID- 4026770
TI  - Expectancy bias in behavioral observations of therapeutic outcome: an
      experimental analysis of treatment and halo effects.

PMID- 4026771
TI  - Predictors of depressive mood in mothers of clinic-referred children.

PMID- 4026772
TI  - The etiology and maintenance of severe animal phobias.

PMID- 4026773
TI  - A methodological and empirical critique of psychotherapy outcome meta-analysis.

PMID- 4026774
TI  - Fears in children and adolescents: normative data.

PMID- 4026775
TI  - Male and female agoraphobia: are they different?

PMID- 4026776
TI  - Effects of a recreation therapy program on activity involvement and social
      interaction of mentally-retarded persons.

PMID- 4026777
TI  - Is worry a valuable concept?

PMID- 4026778
TI  - Worry: a potentially valuable concept.

PMID- 4026779
TI  - Histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase in blood cells.
AB  - Cholinesterase activity was detected by histochemical methods in normal human
      blood smears. In erythrocytes, acetylcholinesterase was found to be localized in
      the cortical region of the cells and, to a lesser degree, in the inner cytoplasm.
      In leucocytes, cholinesterase activity was found around the nuclear membrane and
      in the cytoplasm. The specificity of the enzymic activity was ascertained by
      using selective inhibitors.

PMID- 4026781
TI  - Binding of concanavalin A to secretory epidermis in the fish Blennius
      sanguinolentus pallas: light microscopic and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A) lectin from jack bean Canavalia ensiformis DC binds to
      alpha-D-glucopyranosyl and alpha-D-mannopyranosyl residues of the cuticular
      secretions (glycocalyx) attached to apical plasma membrane in the skin surface
      cells of Blennius sanguinolentus. The presence of Con A positive carbohydrate
      components is also observed in some secretory vesicles close under the apical
      cell membrane and in the goblet cell secretion spread over the surface of the
      skin. Other lectin labeling methods might offer a new tool for the cytochemical
      demonstration of glycoconjugates containing sugar residues on plasmic membranes
      of the epithelial cells. This can provide an insight into the functional
      significance of the carbohydrate moieties, attributable to the specialization of
      the cell membranes.

PMID- 4026780
TI  - Internalization of cycloheptaamylose-dansyl chloride complex during labelling of
      surface membrane in living Paramecium aurelia cells.
AB  - Internalization of cycloheptaamylose-dansyl chloride complex during surface
      labelling of living long-term starved Paramecium aurelia cells has been observed.
      This process may be inhibited by pretreatment of the ciliates with
      dichloroisoproterenol. Uptake of cycloheptaamylose-dansyl chloride may be
      visualized only after UV preirradiation: the appearance of orange-fluorescing
      vacuoles of diameter 2.3-4.5 micron may then be observed. Microspectrographic
      analysis performed on the cells and dansyl derivatives indicates that this
      fluorescence is produced by a photochemical reaction of dansyl chloride -
      released from CDC complex inside the digestive vacuoles-under the influence of UV
      irradiation.

PMID- 4026782
TI  - Effect of vasopressin on phasic coronary blood flow.
AB  - The effects of vasopressin on the coronary circulation have been studied with
      regard to its general hemodynamic effects. Aortic blood pressure (BP), left
      ventricular pressure (LVP), aortic blood flow (AoBF), and circumflex blood flow
      (CBF), were measured in 12 open-chest dogs, under control conditions and during
      vasopressin infusion (25 mU/kg/min). During vasopressin infusion, the mean aortic
      blood pressure (MBP) was increased from 104 +/- 23 mm Hg to 161 +/- 23 mm
      diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was more increased (+55%) than the systolic blood
      pressure (SBP) (+40%). AoBF was decreased from 2.169 +/- 0.408 l/min to 1.118 +/-
      0.303 l/min; and the heart rate was decreased by 18%. The total combined left
      ventricular power did not change significantly. The increase in total peripheral
      resistance (TPR) (+200%) was the main change in impedance spectrum. The mean
      circumflex coronary blood flow (MCBF) was decreased from 48 +/- 8.6 ml/min to
      33.4 +/- 9.7 ml/min. This decrease was more important in the diastolic circumflex
      blood flow (DCBF) (-33%) than in the systolic one (-0.8%). The diastolic pressure
      time index (DPTI) was more increased than the systolic pressure time index
      (SPTI). The DPTI/SPTI ratio was increased from 0.91 to 1.3. Long diastoles,
      induced by vagus nerve stimulation, have permitted to characterise the
      relationship between pressure and coronary blood flow during diastole. This
      relationship was linear under basal condition, and during vasopressin perfusion.
      This made it possible to determine the critical closing pressure (Pf0), and the
      coronary conductance (the slope of the regression curve). Vasopressin induced an
      increase in Pf0, from 33.7 +/- 95 to 77.4 +/- 16.07 mm Hg (p less than 0.001),
      and a decrease in coronary conductance, from 0.8 +/- 0.32 to 0.5 +/- 0.1
      ml/min/mm Hg. The effect of an acute change in perfusion pressure on the coronary
      flow, under control conditions and during vasopressin infusion was studied by
      opening a large arteriovenous fistula. Unclamping of the fistula, under control
      conditions, allowed to realize an acute fall in DBP from 82.5 +/- 6.36 to 35.5 +/
      9.19 mm Hg, and in DCBF, from 58.5 +/- 9.2 to 20 +/- 9.8 ml/min. During
      vasopressin infusion, a similar fall in perfusion pressure lead to a zero
      diastolic circumflex blood flow, for a diastolic aortic blood pressure of 56 +/-
      12 mm Hg. However, vasopressin did not affect the delayed active coronary
      vasodilatation.

PMID- 4026783
TI  - Uncoupler- and hypoxia-induced damage in the working rat heart and its treatment.
      II. Hypoxic reduction of aortic flow and its reversal.
AB  - In the working rat heart we investigated heart function (aortic and coronary
      flow) during a normoxic, a hypoxic, and a reoxygenation phase after hypoxia. A
      depressed heart function was obtained by limiting oxygen supply and reducing left
      ventricular filling pressure (preload). After hypoxic perfusion for about 90 min,
      reoxygenation resulted in a 50% decrease of aortic flow. Lactate production and
      release increased immediately after oxygen deprivation and reached a maximum
      after about 35 min of hypoxia. Following reoxygenation, lactate release
      decreased. Lactate dehydrogenase became significant after reoxygenation. After
      stabilization of aortic flow at 50% in the reoxygenation phase different reagents
      were examined for their influence on heart performance. 1.5 mM of 2
      Mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) significantly increased aortic flow by 40%. The
      oxidized form of MPG (ox-MPG) at a concentration of 0.6 mM increased aortic flow
      by 125%. A molecular mechanism is proposed involving reorientation of the ATPase
      molecules at their membrane sites.

PMID- 4026784
TI  - Depletion of membrane phospholipid and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with
      coronary reperfusion.
AB  - The role of phospholipase (PLase) in the development of heart mitochondrial
      dysfunction following reperfusion was studied together with the effects of
      dilazep on the action of PLases and reperfusion injury. In vivo experiment:
      Seventy six adult mongrel dogs were divided into 3 groups; the control group (n =
      36), the dilazep 0.5 mg group (n = 17) and the dilazep 1 mg group (n = 23).
      Fifteen min after premedication with physiological saline or dilazep (0.5 mg/kg
      or 1 mg/kg), the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 15 min
      and then reperfused for 5 min. Each group was further divided into two subgroups
      depending on the presence or absence of reperfusion arrhythmia. Immediately after
      5 min of reperfusion, myocardial mitochondria were prepared from the normal and
      the reperfused areas. Pretreatment with dilazep induced a dose-dependent decrease
      in the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmia from 31% of the control to 24% (0.5
      mg/kg) and 9% (1 mg/kg). In the arrhythmia cases in each group, functional
      deterioration of mitochondria from the reperfused area was observed with the
      increase in free fatty acids and the decrease in phospholipids in the reperfused
      mitochondria. In vitro experiment: Using L-alpha-dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine
      as a substrate, myristic acid released by PLase A2 or by PLase C with or without
      pretreatment by dilazep was quantitatively determined. Dilazep inhibited the
      release of myristic acid by PLase A2 or by PLase C in a concentration-dependent
      manner. These results suggest that decomposition of mitochondrial membrane
      phospholipids caused by PLase activation following reperfusion was primarily
      responsible for the development of mitochondrial dysfunction, and that dilazep
      showed beneficial effects against reperfusion injury by inhibiting the action of
      PLases.

PMID- 4026785
TI  - Platelet depletion in experimental myocardial infarction.
AB  - Accumulation of platelets in the microvasculature after acute myocardial ischemia
      may exacerbate tissue injury through the formation of microthrombi and by the
      release of vasoactive substances. To assess the role of platelets in myocardial
      ischemic injury and infarction, circulating platelets were reduced by 94 +/- 2%
      (mean +/- S.E.M.) with sheep antiserum to canine platelets. Regional myocardial
      ischemia was produced by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA)
      for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 5 hours. Infarct size did not differ
      significantly between antiplatelet serum and nonimmune serum groups: 36 +/- 8 vs.
      43 +/- 4% of the area at risk, determined by a post-mortem dual staining
      technique (p greater than 0.05). A second occlusion-reperfusion control group,
      sacrificed at 24 hours, did not differ from 5 hr reperfused groups with regard to
      infarct size. Coronary sinus thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentrations were not
      altered significantly by platelet depletion. Histopathologic examination
      confirmed the presence of necrosis in the infarcted myocardium and revealed
      substantial leukocytic infiltration in both groups. The results suggest that
      circulating platelets are not required for the full expression of myocardial
      ischemic injury resulting from temporary coronary artery occlusion followed by
      reperfusion.

PMID- 4026786
TI  - Functional and reactive hyperemia are unaltered by homocysteine in conscious
      dogs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that L-homocysteine
      thiolactone (L-HCTL), through its reaction with adenosine to form S
      adenosylhomocysteine, may modulate myocardial functional and reactive hyperemic
      responses. Reactive hyperemic responses to 10-sec occlusions or 400-msec
      diastolic occlusions of the circumflex coronary artery and functional hyperemic
      responses to ventricular extra-activations were studied in a chronic heart
      blocked dog preparation during a control period and following L-HCTL (40 mg/kg).
      In two additional dogs multiple venous blood samples and left ventricular
      myocardial biopsies were obtained following L-HCTL to measure changes in plasma
      homocysteine and tissue S-adenosylhomocysteine. Despite a 75-fold increase in
      peak plasma homocysteine and a 26-fold increase in tissue S-adenosylhomocysteine,
      L-HCTL did not alter myocardial functional and reactive hyperemic responses. The
      rapid increase in myocardial S-adenosylhomocysteine confirmed cellular entry of
      homocysteine and its reaction with endogenous adenosine. The failure of L-HCTL to
      alter functional and reactive hyperemic responses suggests that either such
      treatment does not affect myocardial release of adenosine or that adenosine is
      not an important regulator of coronary flow.

PMID- 4026787
TI  - Fentanyl, Na-pentobarbital and halothane influence myocardial infarct size.
AB  - We investigated the effects of three anesthetics on the size of myocardial
      infarction and on blood flow distribution within the myocardial wall. Myocardial
      infarcts were induced in 34 dogs by ligating a coronary artery for 90 minutes,
      and permitting reflow for 90 minutes. The anesthetics used were fentanyl, Na
      pentobarbital, and halothane. Under halothane the mean blood pressure (BP) during
      coronary artery ligation was 113 +/- 2/82 +/- 2 mm Hg and the heart rate (HR) was
      135 +/- 2/min. Under fentanyl, the BP was 143 +/- 3/91 +/- 2 mm Hg and HR 99 +/-
      3/min. Under Na-pentobarbital, BP was 141 +/- 2/104 +/- 2 mm Hg and HR 146 +/-
      2/min. A higher mean BP combined with a slower HR, as seen under fentanyl, was
      associated with the smallest infarct (24 +/- 8%). Low BP and higher HR, as seen
      under halothane, was associated with the largest infarct (51 +/- 5%). Na
      pentobarbital, with a higher BP but also a faster HR, resulted in an infarct size
      of 32 +/- 5%. We conclude that a higher mean BP combined with a slower HR might
      favor the preservation of a larger mass of vulnerable myocardial tissue in a
      totally occluded coronary artery.

PMID- 4026790
TI  - [Total fasciectomy in the treatment of Dupuytren contracture].

PMID- 4026789
TI  - [Functional anatomy of the finger extensor mechanism under physiological and
      pathological conditions. I].

PMID- 4026788
TI  - Effects of angiotensin and ergonovine on large and small coronary arteries in the
      intact dog.
AB  - Angiotensin (ATN) and ergonovine (ERG) are known to cause vasoconstriction of the
      coronary bed. However, ATN effects have been described mainly on the coronary
      resistance vessels, while ERG effects have been described on proximal conductance
      vessels. Recent studies have shown that proximal and distal coronary arteries are
      regulated independently. To examine both proximal and distal effects of ATN and
      ERG on the same heart, we studied 7 intact dogs, anesthetized with Innovar
      (Fentanyl 0.4 mg, Droperidol 20 mg, in 1 ml) and nitrous oxide, which were
      subjected to direct left anterior (LAD) coronary infusion of angiotensin (0.1,
      0.5 and 5 micrograms/min) and ergonovine (0.5, 5, and 25 micrograms/min). Using a
      quantitative angiographic technique to measure artery dimensions and microspheres
      to measure flow, ERG infusion showed significant large artery constriction at all
      doses (maximum: 38.9 +/- 7.8% area reduction), and a significant decrease in LAD
      coronary artery flow, while endocardial/epicardial flow ratio remained unchanged.
      ATN produced a biphasic effect on the large coronary arteries. The lowest dose
      produced constriction (12.3 +/- 3.7% area reduction), which returned toward
      control value with the 0.5 micrograms/min dose (6.0 +/- 1.0% area reduction), and
      the 5 micrograms/min dose (1.5 +/- 9.5% area reduction), and no significant
      changes were observed in LAD flow with ATN infusion. Endocardial/epicardial ratio
      was unchanged, but aortic pressure was significantly increased during 0.5 and 5
      micrograms/min ATN infusion. Coronary resistance (pressure/flow) increased with
      both ERG and ATN. ERG and ATN produce large and small coronary artery
      constriction. The coronary response to ERG in dogs is similar to the human
      coronary response, even though previous data indicated a minimal constrictor
      response to ERG in canine coronary arteries.

PMID- 4026791
TI  - [Problems in the diagnosis of dystrophic bone diseases].

PMID- 4026792
TI  - [Spinal traction syndrome (cast syndrome)--etiology, diagnosis, therapy and
      prevention].

PMID- 4026793
TI  - [Current diagnosis of diastematomyelia].

PMID- 4026794
TI  - [Equine leukosis. 2. Clinical aspects and pathology in our own patients].

PMID- 4026795
TI  - Characterization of [3H]di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate-binding proteins in hen
      brain. Rates of phosphorylation and sensitivity to neurotoxic and non-neurotoxic
      organophosphorus compounds.
AB  - The experiments described in this paper were designed to isolate [3H]di-isopropyl
      phosphorofluoridate-binding proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis for the purpose of characterizing and identifying potential
      initiation sites for organophosphorus-compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity. The
      major Paraoxon-insensitive Mipafox-sensitive binding protein (Mr 160 000) was
      found to be identical with one previously identified as neurotoxic esterase, an
      enzyme that has been proposed to be the target site for organophosphorus-compound
      induced delayed neurotoxicity. However, two other binding proteins with suitable
      binding characteristics were also found in smaller amounts, one of which has not
      been detected previously. Di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate was found to
      phosphorylate all three of these proteins at rates similar to the rate at which
      neurotoxic esterase is inhibited by di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate. Varying the
      concentration of di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate or the time of incubation
      produced similar increases in binding to each of the labelled proteins. This
      suggests that the reaction rates of di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate with
      proteins may be described by first-order kinetics, and the concentration of the
      Michael is complex formed during binding is minimal for all the phosphorylated
      proteins. The recovery of the binding activity in the 160 000-Mr band was found
      to be similar to the recovery of neurotoxic esterase activity, lending further
      support to the contention that this band is identical with neurotoxic esterase.

PMID- 4026796
TI  - Cysteamine depletes cystinotic leucocyte granular fractions of cystine by the
      mechanism of disulphide interchange.
AB  - Cystinotic lysosome-rich leucocyte granular fractions, loaded with [35S]cystine,
      were exposed to different cystine-depleting agents. During a 30 min incubation at
      37 degrees C, untreated cystinotic granular fractions lost negligible
      [35S]cystine when corrected for lysosome rupture. Granular fractions exposed to
      0.1 mM-cysteamine lost 64% of their initial cystine, and hexosaminidase activity
      was decreased by 10%. This was accompanied by the formation of high
      concentrations of [35S]cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulphide within the granular
      fraction pellet, and, in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide, increasing amounts of
      [35S]cysteine-N-ethylmaleimide adduct outside the granular fraction. In separate
      experiments, [35S]cystine exited cystinotic leucocyte lysosomes at a negligible
      rate (half-times 199 and 293 min), but [35S]cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulphide
      exhibited substantial egress (half-times 66 and 88 min) and was recovered intact
      outside the granular-fraction pellet. We conclude that cysteamine depletes
      lysosomes of cystine by participating in a thiol-disulphide interchange reaction
      to produce cysteine and cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulphide, both of which
      traverse the cystinotic leucocyte lysosomal membrane.

PMID- 4026797
TI  - Collagen fibril formation in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate.
AB  - Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) was used to weaken both the electrostatic and the
      hydrophobic interactions during collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro. The rate and
      extent of fibril formation as well as fibril morphology were affected by SDS
      concentration. Both the formation of large fibrils at 0.3 mM-SDS and the complete
      cessation of fibril formation at 0.5 mM-SDS were considered to be the result of
      SDS-induced conformational changes in the non-helical telopeptides. A possible
      mechanism of SDS interaction with the N-terminal and the distal region of the C
      terminal telopeptides is offered.

PMID- 4026798
TI  - Hormone-induced increase in free cytosolic calcium and glycogen phosphorylase
      activation in rat hepatocytes incubated in normal and low-calcium media.
AB  - The action of alpha 1-adrenergic agonists (noradrenaline in the presence of
      propranolol), vasopressin and angiotensin on the intracellular free Ca2+
      concentration, [Ca2+]i, was determined by using the fluorescent dye quin2 in
      isolated rat liver cells. In the presence of external Ca2+ (1.8 mM), 1 microM
      noradrenaline induced an increase in [Ca2+]i up to about 800 nM without apparent
      delay, whereas 10 nM-vasopressin and 1 nM-angiotensin increased [Ca2+]i to values
      higher than 1500 nM with a lag period of about 6s. The successive addition of the
      hormones and of their specific antagonists indicated that the actions of the
      three Ca2+-mobilizing hormones occurred without apparent desensitization (over 6
      min) and via independent receptors. The relative contributions of internal and
      external Ca2+ pools to the cell response were determined by studying the hormone
      mediated [Ca2+]i increase and glycogen phosphorylase activation in low-Ca2+ media
      (22 microM). In this medium: (1) [Ca2+]i was lowered and the hormones initiated a
      transient instead of a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i; subsequent addition (2 min)
      of a second hormone promoted a lesser increase in [Ca2+]i; in contrast, the
      subsequent addition (2 min) of Ca2+ (1.8 mM) caused [Ca2+]i to increase to a
      value close to that initiated by the hormone in control conditions, the amplitude
      of the latter response being dependent on the concentration of Ca2+ added to the
      medium; (2) returning to normal Ca2+ (1.8 mM) restored the resting [Ca2+]i and
      allowed the hormone added 2 min later to promote a large increase in [Ca2+]i
      whose final amplitude was also dependent on the concentration of Ca2+ added
      beforehand. Similar results were found when the same protocol was applied to the
      glycogen phosphorylase activation. It is concluded that Ca2+ influx is required
      for a maximal and sustained response and to reload the hormone-sensitive stores.

PMID- 4026799
TI  - Removal of an N-terminal peptide from mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase
      abolishes its interactions with mitochondria in vitro.
AB  - Treatment of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from rat liver with trypsin
      leads to specific cleavage of the bonds between residues 26 and 27, and residues
      31 and 32. The proteolysed enzyme has only a small residual catalytic activity,
      but retains a conformation similar to that of the native form as judged by
      accessibility and reactivity of cysteine residues. Proteolysis abolishes the
      ability of the enzyme either to bind to mitochondria or to be imported into the
      organelles. This suggests that the N-terminal segment of the native enzyme is
      essential for both of these functions, at least in the model system used to study
      the import process.

PMID- 4026800
TI  - Studies of the limited degradation of mucus glycoproteins. The mechanism of the
      peroxide reaction.
AB  - The reaction between ovarian-cyst glycoproteins and H2O2 was investigated in the
      presence of a number of inhibitors and catalysts. Azide and 2H2O were separately
      found to have little effect, implying that singlet oxygen was not involved.
      Superoxide dismutase was destroyed by H2O2, but mannitol had no effect: thus
      generalized attack by OH., whether originating from HO2.- or more directly, is
      not indicated. The glycoproteins contained trace quantities of Cu and Fe,
      amounting to about 2 atoms of metal per glycoprotein molecule. Treatment of the
      glycoproteins with the strong chelator DETAPAC (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic
      acid) or Chelex resin eliminated the reaction with H2O2; activity could be
      restored by addition of Cu2+ or Fe2+ in millimolar quantities. It was concluded
      that metal-ion catalysis is an essential step in the attack of H2O2 on
      glycoproteins. Spectroscopic and other evidence showed that Cu2+ (and probably
      Fe2+) complexes strongly with poly-L-histidine, and implies that the Cu2+ or Fe2+
      in the glycoproteins is complexed with some of the histidine residues in the
      glycosylated backbone. Neither polyhistidine nor polyproline reacted with H2O2 in
      the absence of metal ions, but small quantities of Cu2+ or Fe3+ caused
      degradation. This was rapid with polyhistidine, which was converted largely into
      aspartic acid, but slower with polyproline, where limited conversion into
      glutamic acid occurs. These findings confirm the original hypothesis that
      peroxide attack on glycoproteins occurs largely at the histidine residues, with
      simultaneous peptidolysis. The mechanism most probably involves the liberation of
      OH. by an oxidation-reduction cycle involving, e.g. Cu+/Cu2+: specificity of
      attack at histidine is due to the location of the metal at these residues only.

PMID- 4026801
TI  - Characterization of human tissue carnosinase.
AB  - Human tissue carnosinase (EC 3.4.13.3) had optimum activity at pH9.5 and was a
      cysteine peptidase, being activated by dithiothreitol and inhibited by p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate. By optimizing assay conditions, the activity per g of
      tissue was increased 10-fold compared with values in the literature. The enzyme
      was present in every human tissue assayed and was entirely different from serum
      carnosinase. Highly purified tissue carnosinase had a broader specificity than
      hog kidney carnosinase. Although tissue carnosinase was very strongly inhibited
      by bestatin, it did not hydrolyse tripeptides, and thus appears to be a
      dipeptidase rather than an aminopeptidase. It had a relative molecular mass of 90
      000, an isoelectric point of 5.6, and a Km value of 10 mM-carnosine. Two forms of
      kidney and brain carnosinase were separated by high-resolution anion-exchange
      chromatography, although only one form was detected by various electrophoretic
      methods. Homocarnosinase and Mn2+-independent carnosinase were not detected in
      human tissues, although these enzymes are present in rat and hog kidney.

PMID- 4026802
TI  - Selective reduction of a disulphide bridge in hen ovotransferrin.
AB  - Brief treatment of iron-saturated hen ovotransferrin with dithiothreitol
      selectively cleaves the disulphide bridge between residues 478 and 671, which is
      in the C-terminal domain of the protein. The reduced alkylated protein is less
      stable than the native protein, and its iron-binding properties are different. A
      fluorescent derivative was prepared by coupling N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulpho-1
      naphthyl)ethylenediamine to the thiol groups.

PMID- 4026803
TI  - Phosphatidylglycerol as biosynthetic precursor for the poly(glycerol phosphate)
      backbone of bifidobacterial lipoteichoic acid.
AB  - Phosphatidylglycerol functions as donor of the sn-glycerol 1-phosphate units in
      the synthesis in vitro of the 1,2-phosphodiester-linked glycerol phosphate
      backbone of the lipoteichoic acids of Bifidobacterium bifidum subsp.
      pennsylvanicum. The incorporation was catalysed by a membrane-bound enzyme
      system. After addition of chloroform/methanol the product formed coprecipitated
      with protein. The material was phenol-extractable and was co-eluted with purified
      lipoteichoic acid on Sepharose 6B. The reaction was stimulated by Triton X-100,
      UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, but Mg2+ ions had no effect. The apparent values
      for Km and Vmax. of the phosphatidylglycerol incorporation were 1.4 mM and 3.1
      nmol/h per mg of membrane protein, respectively. Labelled UDP-glucose and UDP
      galactose were not incorporated into the lipoteichoic acid fraction by the
      particulate membrane preparation.

PMID- 4026804
TI  - Decreased ovalbumin-gene response to oestrogen in the prenatally
      diethylstilboestrol-exposed chick oviduct.
AB  - Prenatal exposure of the female chick-embryo Mullerian duct to
      diethylstilboestrol (DES) decreases its future capacity for epithelial tubular
      gland-cell differentiation and oviduct ovalbumin-gene expression. Chick Mullerian
      ducts after prenatal exposure to different concentrations of DES were tested
      after birth to determine the response of the oviduct toward the oestrogen
      induction. The quantity of DNA was biochemically determined, the differentiation
      of tubular-gland cells in the oviduct was studied by light microscopy, and the
      expression of the ovalbumin gene was detected by hybridization of the total RNA
      with radioactive ovalbumin cDNA. Comparisons among these three parameters
      revealed that the expression of the ovalbumin gene was affected most by DES
      exposure. Exposure to high doses of DES suppressed ovalbumin-gene expression by
      75-78%, and inhibited tubular-gland-cell differentiation and thus decreased the
      DNA content by 29 and 32% respectively. Exposure to low doses of DES caused
      suppression of ovalbumin-gene expression by 47-53%, but it did not affect the
      other two parameters. Prenatal DES exposure has strong inhibitory effects on the
      Mullerian duct at the age (5-8-day-old embryos) when the organ is
      undifferentiated. Less inhibition is observed when the organ becomes
      differentiated (15-day-old embryos and older).

PMID- 4026805
TI  - Sidedness studies of thylakoid phosphatidylglycerol in higher plants.
AB  - The transmembrane distribution of phosphatidylglycerol was determined in
      thylakoids from barley (Hordeum vulgare), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and pea (Pisum
      sativum) chloroplasts. Phospholipase A2 and phospholipase D digestion and
      chemical-labelling methods were used. Phosphatidylglycerol was preferentially
      localized in the outer (stromal) leaflet. The proportion of the phospholipid in
      this leaflet ranged from about 66% in pea to about 75% for barley and lettuce
      thylakoids. One of the main fatty acids, trans-delta 3-hexadecenoic acid, was
      exclusively located in the outer leaflet in all three plant types. The data are
      discussed in relation to suggested roles for phosphatidylglycerol in thylakoid
      function.

PMID- 4026806
TI  - Evidence that the stimulation of lipogenesis in the mammary glands of starved
      lactating rats re-fed with a chow diet is dependent on continued hepatic
      gluconeogenesis during the absorptive period. Effects of a gluconeogenic
      inhibitory, mercaptopicolinic acid, in vivo.
AB  - The rapid stimulation of lipogenesis in mammary gland that occurs on re-feeding
      starved lactating rats with a chow diet was decreased (60%) by injection of
      mercaptopicolinic acid, an inhibitor of hepatic gluconeogenesis at the
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase step. Mercaptopicolinate had no effect on
      lipogenesis in mammary glands of fed lactating rats. The inhibition of
      lipogenesis persisted in vitro when acini from mammary glands of re-fed rats
      treated with mercaptopicolinate were incubated with [1-14C]glucose.
      Mercaptopicolinate added in vitro had no significant effect on lipogenesis in
      acini from starved-re-fed lactating rats. Mercaptopicolinate prevented the
      deposition of glycogen and increased the rate of lipogenesis in livers of starved
      re-fed lactating rats, whereas it had no significant effect on livers of fed
      lactating rats. Administration of intraperitoneal glucose restored the rate of
      mammary-gland lipogenesis in re-fed rats treated with mercaptopicolinate to the
      values for re-fed rats. Hepatic glycogen deposition was also restored, and the
      rate of hepatic lipogenesis was stimulated 5-fold. It is concluded that
      stimulation of mammary-gland lipogenesis on re-feeding with a chow diet after a
      period of starvation is in part dependent on continued hepatic gluconeogenesis
      during the absorptive period. Possible sources of the glucose precursors are
      discussed.

PMID- 4026808
TI  - Halistaurin, phialidin and modified forms of aequorin as Ca2+ indicator in
      biological systems.
AB  - Two kinds of aequorin-type photoproteins, i.e., halistaurin and phialidin, and
      four kinds of modified forms of aequorin, i.e., products of acetylation,
      ethoxycarbonylation, fluorescamine-modification and fluorescein labelling, were
      prepared. The modified forms of aequorin were more sensitive to Ca2+ than was
      aequorin in their Ca2+-triggered luminescence reactions, whereas halistaurin and
      phialidin were less sensitive. The emission maxima of luminescence were all
      within a wavelength range 450-464 nm, except for fluorescein-labelled aequorin,
      which emitted yellowish light (lambda max. 520 nm). A new technique of measuring
      Ca2+ concentration is suggested.

PMID- 4026807
TI  - Thromboplastin (tissue factor) in plasma membranes of human monocytes.
AB  - The synthesis of thromboplastin, a potent trigger of blood coagulation, can be
      induced in human peripheral blood monocytes. Indirect evidence suggests that
      newly synthesized thromboplastin becomes in part available on the cell surface.
      We have attempted to study the localization and availability of thromboplastin
      more directly by isolating plasma membranes from isolated human peripheral blood
      monocytes. The specific activities of the plasma membrane markers increased 16-22
      fold in these preparations with a recovery of about 15%. The contamination by
      mitochondria, lysosomes, nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum was low as estimated by
      marker enzymes and electron microscopy. In both unstimulated and stimulated
      monocytes thromboplastin was largely recovered in this plasma membrane fraction,
      providing direct evidence for its membrane localization. Phospholipase C (E.C.
      3.1.4.3) is a potent inactivator of thromboplastin through its hydrolysis of the
      phospholipids necessary for thromboplastin activity [Otnaess, Prydz, Bjorklid &
      Berre (1972) Eur. J. Biochem. 27, 238-243]. About 70% of the total membrane
      thromboplastin activity was inactivated when whole cells were treated with
      phospholipase C and the membranes subsequently isolated. Following stimulation to
      induce thromboplastin synthesis, the plasma membranes showed a shift in their
      relative content of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine consistent
      with a transmethylation process.

PMID- 4026809
TI  - High concentrations of aldehydes slow the reaction of cytoplasmic aldehyde
      dehydrogenase with thiol-group modifiers.
AB  - High concentrations of aldehydes slow the inactivation of cytoplasmic aldehyde
      dehydrogenase by disulfiram and also slow the reaction of the enzyme with 2,2'
      dithiodipyridine. It is concluded that a low-affinity aldehyde-binding site is
      probably the site at which thiol-group modifiers react with aldehyde
      dehydrogenase, as well as being the active site for hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl
      acetate.

PMID- 4026810
TI  - A novel hopanoid, 30-(5'-adenosyl)hopane, from the purple non-sulphur bacterium
      Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, with possible DNA interactions.
AB  - A novel hopanoid, 30-(5'-adenosyl)hopane, was isolated from the purple non
      sulphur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas acidophila and identified. The significance of
      this triterpenoid in terms of bacteriohopanepolyol biosynthesis, membrane
      reinforcement and possible interactions with nucleic acids is discussed.

PMID- 4026811
TI  - Dopamine stimulated fucosylation of rat hippocampal proteins in vitro. A
      histoautoradiographic study.
AB  - The aim of the present investigation was to provide evidence for the topographic
      localization of dopamine (0.5 mM) stimulated L-[3H]fucose incorporation into rat
      hippocampal proteins in vitro. For this purpose, radiochemical estimations of
      fucosylation of hippocampal proteins were paralleled by histoautoradiography. The
      data of the radiochemical study showed a dopamine induced increase in L
      [3H]fucose incorporation into hippocampal proteins by about + 120% compared to
      control values. Hippocampus slices from the same animals were processed for
      histoautoradiography. Under the influence of dopamine, L-[3H]fucose incorporation
      (estimated as silver grains either per cell or per square) was found to be
      significantly elevated in pericarya of granular cells as well as in the neuropil
      and in the glial cells of the stratum moleculare of the exposed blade of dentate
      area. This increase was most pronounced in the pericarya of granular cells, i.e.
      by about 200% over control level. With exception of fibres in the stratum
      lacunosum-moleculare of CA 1, the trends of increase in neurons, glial cells and
      fibre layers of other hippocampus subfields were not significant. The results may
      suggest that in rat hippocampus slices, dopamine induced increases in L-fucose
      incorporation are particularly localized in neurons of the exposed blade of
      dentate area.

PMID- 4026812
TI  - Studies of calcium phosphate formation in artificial matrices.
AB  - An in vitro system is described allowing turbidimetric measurements of calcium
      phosphates (or other sparingly soluble salts) formed by one-dimensional double
      diffusion in an agar gel matrix. The basic conditions were investigated over a
      wide concentration range of calcium and phosphate, and characterized by IR
      spectra, transmission electron microscopy and selected parameters of the
      turbidity curve, i.e. the maximal turbidity, the life time of the amorphous
      calcium phosphate, the optical dispersion and the crystallization rate. The
      system was also applied to well known effectors, like F-, Mg2+, pyrophosphate and
      citrate ions as well as two compounds of biological matrices, hyaluronidate and
      chondroitin-4-sulphate. The results agree well with those observed in aqueous
      solutions, showing that the overall process in the gel matrix is identical. The
      economical and efficient method is suitable for large-scale kinetic
      determinations of compounds affecting nucleation, precipitation and
      transformation processes of calcium phosphates and other precipitating systems.

PMID- 4026814
TI  - [The effect of various ventilation conditions on evoked potentials of the visual
      cortex of the cat in distention of the stomach].
AB  - In 10 cats anaesthetized using chloralose and with muscular relaxation by
      gallamine and continuous artificial ventilation in acute experiments photically
      evoked potentials (PEP) were recorded from the visual area of the cortex under
      different intragastric pressures and varying tidal volumes. It was the aim of
      this study to examine whether an exteroceptive stimulus (light flash) in the
      visual analyzer, which is influenced by an interoceptive stimulation (gastric
      pressure), may also be modified by different tidal volumes. Times, amplitudes and
      slope parameters, blood pressure and heart rate of the animals were studied. The
      PEP of the visual cortex was modified under the influence of the interoceptive
      stimuli. It could, however, be shown that already hypo- and hyperventilation
      alone may cause alterations in the latency period of the PEP. They arise in a
      different manner in individual parts of the measured parameters of the PEP and do
      not change these values in a typical manner. Additional dilatation of the stomach
      may suppress the phenomena caused by alterations in the tidal volume. Thus,
      attention should be paid to both blood gases and acid base balance in animals in
      studies on viscero-cerebral interrelationships as well as to interactions between
      different analyses using the method of evoked potentials.

PMID- 4026813
TI  - Chicken fetal intestine in tissue culture.
AB  - A simple and reproducible method for cultivation of fetal chicken small intestine
      is presented. The culture was performed in a defined medium without serum.
      Duodena were excised from embryos at the 14th day of fetal development and cut in
      small segments that were maintained in culture until day 16. It could be shown
      that the morphology of cultured intestine resembles that of noncultured gut of
      corresponding age as judged by light microscopy. The increase in activity of
      sucrase and maltase in cultured explants is comparable with that of intestine in
      ovo, whereas that of alkaline phosphatase is lower than under in vivo conditions.
      Hormones (thyroxine, dexamethasone) influence the enzymic pattern of fetal
      intestine in a known manner. Therefore, the method permits maintenance of fetal
      intestine in tissue culture for 2 days, a period sufficient for investigation of
      maturation processes of intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 4026815
TI  - Effect of propranolol on lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase activity in vitro.
AB  - Recently propranolol was found to inhibit human lecithin: cholesterol acyl
      transferase (LCAT) activity both after oral treatment and after addition to
      plasma in vitro. Now the dose-response relationship of the propranolol effect on
      LCAT activity was evaluated in vitro. Concentrations required to produce half
      maximal effects in 7 men ranged from 32.4 to 121.4 nmol/l which corresponds to
      the therapeutical concentration range of the drug. Complete inhibition could not
      be achieved. The maximal effect (propranolol-sensitive LCAT activity) varied
      between subjects depending on the preexiting lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer
      rate in plasma. Propranolol mediated inhibition of LCAT activity could be
      abolished when heat-inactivated plasma instead of native plasma was used as LCAT
      substrate. It is concluded that the interindividual variability of propranolol
      sensitive LCAT activity may reflect differences in the thermoinstable lipoprotein
      structure.

PMID- 4026816
TI  - Effects of D-galactosamine and D-glucosamine on retention performance of a
      brightness discrimination task in rats.
AB  - The glycoprotein and ganglioside precursors D-galactosamine and D-glucosamine
      were tested for effects on acquisition and retention of a brightness
      discrimination reaction in rats. Intraperitoneally (1.85 mmoles/kg) and
      intraventricularly (0.8 mumoles) applied D-galactosamine had no influence on
      acquisition, but improved the retention performance. Intraperitoneally (6.0
      mmoles/kg) and intraventricularly (2.4 mumoles) applied D-glucosamine showed
      qualitatively identical results, i.e. improving effect on retention performance.
      The penetration abilities of [3H]D-glucosamine and [3H]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to
      cross the blood-brain barrier were tested: D-glucosamine penetrated easily the
      blood-brain barrier (approximately 2:1 relation). However, after intravenous
      application of 200 mumoles 30 min before training both substances showed a
      positive effect on retention performance. The findings are discussed in the light
      that the retention-improving effects of the hexosamines under investigation are
      believed to be due to a direct, activating influence on glycoprotein and/or
      ganglioside syntheses in the brain.

PMID- 4026817
TI  - [The effect of the systemic and intraventricular application of orotic acid on
      monosynaptic evoked potentials in the dentate gyrus in free-moving rats].
AB  - In 20 freely moving Wistar rats the influence of systemically and
      intraventricularly applied orotic acid derivatives on monosynaptically evoked
      field potentials registered in the dentate gyrus on the stimulation of the medial
      entorhinal cortex was investigated. Both, methylglucamine-orotate and tris
      orotate led to an increase of the amplitude of the population spike. The slope
      function of the field EPSP, however, remained unchanged. The effect has been
      observed to begin 2 h after application and had a duration of 6-10 h. The data
      obtained in a monosynaptic pathway targeting on a brain structure which is known
      to play a crucial role in memory formation support earlier findings of a
      transient effect of orotic acid on cerebral excitation processes. An influence on
      mechanisms of spike generation or other postsynaptic membrane processes might be
      assumed.

PMID- 4026818
TI  - [Facilitation of evoked transcallosal responses by nootropic agents].
AB  - The effect of nootropic drugs was investigated by studying their influences on
      transcallosal responses in rats. Piracetam, meclofenoxate, vinpocetin, pyritinol,
      orotic acid and dihydroergotoxine as well as its components dihydroergocornine
      and dihydroergocrytpine enhance in a dose dependent manner the amplitudes of
      transcallosal responses. The evoked potentials remain unchanged after
      dihydroergocristine and nicergoline by the dosage used.

PMID- 4026819
TI  - [The problem of the characterization of butoxamine as a specific antagonist of
      the metabolic effects of sympathomimetics].

PMID- 4026820
TI  - The analgesically effective peptide deprolorphin exhibits cross-tolerance to
      morphine in rats.
AB  - The potent analgesically active beta-casomorphin derivative, D-Pro4-beta
      casomorphin 1-5 (= Deprolorphin), was tested for its capacity to induce
      tolerance. In animals tolerant to morphine, a previously analgesically effective
      test dose of the peptide was without any antinocipetive effect, demonstrating a
      cross-tolerance between morphine and deprolorphin.

PMID- 4026821
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a novel basement membrane collagen.
AB  - A guanidine-HCl extraction of lens capsule basement membrane dissolves
      collagenous material. This material was fractionated on an Agarose A-5M column.
      Fractions 1, 2 and 3 were further purified and partially characterized
      immunochemically and by amino acid analysis. Fraction 3 has a molecular weight of
      55,000 when compared with collagen type I standard. The CNBr peptide pattern and
      composition of fraction 3 are different from those of alpha 1 (IV) 95K and alpha
      2 (IV) 95K chains. The results described suggest the presence of a new chain in
      lens capsule basement membrane.

PMID- 4026822
TI  - Increased rate of superoxide ion generation in Fanconi anemia erythrocytes.
AB  - The rate of generation of superoxide ion, the concentration of Cu, Zn superoxide
      dismutase and the hematological parameters were measured in red blood cells
      obtained from Fanconi anemia patients and from healthy individuals. No
      significative difference in the superoxide dismutase concentration was found,
      while the rate of generation of the superoxide ion doubled in Fanconi anemia
      patients. The steady-state concentration of the superoxide ion was calculated
      from these data and was found to be 2.3 times higher in Fanconi anemia
      erythrocytes than in controls. The possible consequences with respect to the
      alterations in FA are discussed.

PMID- 4026823
TI  - N-ethylmaleimide causes mechanical fragility and accumulation of spectrin dimers
      in the rat erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - Treatment of rat erythrocytes with N-ethylmaleimide is found to render them
      mechanically fragile. Membranes of the lysed cells show degradation of band 3
      and, to a lesser extent, of spectrin; as well as considerable accumulation of
      dimeric spectrin. The predominant action of N-ethylmaleimide on isolated
      membranes, however, is the conversion of spectrin to its dimeric form.

PMID- 4026824
TI  - Post-illumination kinetics of cytochrome f reduction in chloroplast thylakoid in
      the presence of dibromothymoquinone.
AB  - Addition of dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB) to isolated chloroplast thylakoids
      reduces cytochrome f in the dark. Reduced cytochrome f is oxidised when the
      thylakoids are illuminated, and is re-reduced in the subsequent darkness. The
      rate of re-reduction in the dark is faster after red (650 nm) illumination than
      after far red (713 nm) illumination. In the presence of DCMU or upon heat
      treatment or at high (greater than 10 microM) concentration of DBMIB the rate of
      dark reduction after red illumination becomes slower and equal to that after far
      red illumination, suggesting that photosystem II electron transfer at least upto
      plastoquinone facilitates DBMIB-mediated reduction of cytochrome f in the
      thylakoids.

PMID- 4026825
TI  - Conformational alteration in alpha-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus concomitant
      with the transformation of the water-soluble monomer to the membrane oligomer.
AB  - The membrane-damaging alpha-toxin aggregate of Staphylococcus aureus was
      characterized physicochemically. The aggregate weight of the toxin formed by
      various methods appeared to be 6 times higher than the molecular weight of the
      monomer as determined by the laser light scattering technique, suggesting the
      presence of a hexamer in the membrane. The aggregates fluoresced 20 to 50% more
      than the monomer at 336 nm. Circular dichroism measurements revealed that both
      the monomer and the oligomer showed essentially beta-sheet structure with the
      maximum ellipticity about -8,400 deg.cm2.dmol-1 at 215 nm. Circular dichroism
      spectrum of the oligomers showed ellipticity difference of -6,600, -44 and +84
      deg.cm2.dmol-1, at 200, 250 and 280 nm, respectively, compared with the monomer.
      All these results suggest that the conformational change in the toxin molecule
      occurs concomitant with the transformation of the water-soluble monomer to the
      membrane-embedded hexamer.

PMID- 4026826
TI  - Defective cold-induced stimulation of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase in brown adipose
      tissue of the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse.
AB  - Exposure of a normal lean mouse to cold (14 degrees C) for 12 h increases the
      activity of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase in brown adipose tissue 26-fold. In contrast,
      exposure of the genetically obese, ob/ob, mouse to cold results in little more
      than a doubling of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity. The physiological
      significance of endogenous 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine production in brown adipose
      tissue is not understood. However, it seems likely that defective cold-induced
      stimulation of the 5'-deiodinase in brown adipose tissue of the ob/ob mouse might
      cause a relatively hypothyroid state of the tissue. Thyroid hormone is known to
      be required for a normal thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue to
      noradrenaline. It is suggested that the defect in the response of the 5'
      deiodinase in the ob/ob mouse could contribute to the defective thermogenic
      response of brown adipose tissue to cold-exposure and to noradrenaline.

PMID- 4026827
TI  - The effect of ferric iron complex on Ca2+ transport in isolated rat liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - The in vitro effects of iron (III)-gluconate complex on the production of
      malondialdehyde and on the Ca2+ transport in isolated rat liver mitochondria were
      studied. A correlation between the concentration of iron added and the formation
      of malondialdehyde was found. The enhancement by iron of lipid peroxidative
      process in the mitochondrial membrane brought about the induction of Ca2+ release
      from mitochondria. Experimental evidence based on the membrane potential pattern
      of mitochondria pre-loaded with a low pulse of Ca2+ suggested that Ca2+ efflux
      was not due to a nonspecific increase in the inner membrane permeability, i.e. to
      a collapse of membrane potential, but rather to the activation of an apparently
      selective pathway for Ca2+ release.

PMID- 4026828
TI  - Possible role for carbamyl phosphate in the control of liver glycogen synthesis.
AB  - Isotopic data suggested a possible correlation between the activation of liver
      glycogen synthesis and some unstable intermediate. Carbamyl phosphate was one
      candidate considered. L-Norvaline, an inhibitor of ornithine transcarbamylase, is
      known to increase intracellular carbamyl phosphate levels. L-Norvaline augmented
      the increase in glycogen synthesis caused by L-glutamine and L-alanine, and also
      induced considerable glycogen synthesis with ammonia as the nitrogen source.

PMID- 4026829
TI  - Brown adipose tissue is a major site of glucose utilisation in C57Bl/6 ob/ob mice
      treated with a thermogenic beta-adrenoceptor agonist.
AB  - Chronic treatment of C57Bl/6 ob/ob mice with the thermogenic beta-adrenoceptor
      agonist BRL 26830 increased the maximal activities of hexokinase and
      phosphofructokinase 2- and 3-fold respectively in interscapular brown adipose
      tissue. Combining measurements of whole body glucose turnover with measurements
      of the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by tissues in vivo has allowed tissue rates of
      glucose utilisation to be calculated. Under basal conditions, brown adipose
      tissue accounts for only 1.6% of the whole body rate of glucose utilisation. This
      is increased to 3.7% in mice given a single dose of BRL 26830. In ob/ob mice
      treated chronically with BRL 26830, which causes brown adipose tissue
      hypertrophy, glucose utilisation by this tissue was increased to 4.1% of the
      whole body rate under the basal condition. In these mice, an additional acute
      treatment with BRL 26830 increased brown adipose tissue glucose utilisation rate
      to 12.5% of the whole body rate.

PMID- 4026830
TI  - Inhibition of initiation of simian virus 40 chromosome synthesis by
      dihydroxyanthraquinone.
AB  - The mode of action of dihydroxyanthraquinone, a new antitumor drug, on eucaryotic
      chromosome structure and function was investigated using simian virus 40 as a
      model system. Dihydroxyanthraquinone specifically inhibited initiation of viral
      replicons. Little or no viral DNA synthesis was recovered in cells after the
      removal of the drug. Elongation and termination of DNA already initiated could
      proceed continuously to completion in drug-treated cells. The drug appeared to be
      stably associated with viral chromosomes in cells. The irreversible inhibition of
      replicon initiation might contribute to its anti-proliferative and anti
      neoplastic activity.

PMID- 4026831
TI  - Isolation of a protein from human milk that enhances zinc absorption in humans.
AB  - Humans absorb zinc more readily from human milk than from the milk of other
      species. The basis for this species specificity has not been elucidated. This
      report describes the isolation of a human milk protein which enhances zinc
      absorption. The consumption of bovine cow's milk supplemented with the human
      protein resulted in an elevation in human plasma zinc of 101% compared to a 50%
      rise following the ingestion of cow's milk alone. The identification of this
      biologically active protein in human milk establishes in part the basis for the
      species difference in zinc bioavailability.

PMID- 4026832
TI  - Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate releases calcium from skinned cultured smooth muscle
      cells.
AB  - We examined the effects of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate on 45Ca uptake and 45Ca
      efflux in the saponin skinned primary cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. 10
      microM inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate induced a rapid (half time less than 10 sec)
      and large quantity of Ca release in both 45Ca uptake and 45Ca efflux in the
      skinned cells preloaded with 1 microM free Ca. Dose response curves showed that
      100 microM inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate produced a maximal Ca release of 97.3% of
      the MgATP dependent 45Ca uptake or 289 mumoles/liter cells, which was much
      greater than the maximal caffeine induced Ca release and would be sufficient to
      produce maximal tension.

PMID- 4026833
TI  - Degree of conservation of HeLa interphase nonhistone antigens in metaphase and
      with chromatin from non-human cells.
AB  - Immunological procedures were applied to determine the degree of conservation of
      the nonhistone proteins of HeLa interphase chromatin. Polyacrylamide gels were
      overlaid with antiserum to HeLa interphase chromatin, and 125I-Protein A was used
      to detect bound antibodies. With two-dimensional gels, more than 80 interphase
      species were found as components of metaphase chromosomes. The degree of
      conservation of HeLa nonhistone antigens with other chromatin sources was
      calculated through densitometry of autoradiograms and stained gels. Chromatin was
      obtained from chicken erythrocytes, Novikoff rat hepatoma cells, and mouse L
      cells, and the presence of one-quarter to one-third of the nonhistone antigens of
      HeLa chromatin was demonstrated.

PMID- 4026834
TI  - The effect of metalloporphyrins and heme liposomes on delta-aminolevulinate
      synthase activity in rat liver.
AB  - Heme administration causes inhibition of delta-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS),
      best tested in the allylisopropylacetamide (AIA)-treated rat, a model for hepatic
      porphyrias. Because heme suspended in aqueous media (for injection) is unstable
      and has adverse effects on coagulation, alternate therapeutic modalities are
      being explored. The present study tries to answer two questions: 1) are any heme
      analogs as effective inhibitors of ALAS as heme is; and 2) does heme
      administration in the form of liposomes increase its effectiveness? None of the
      liposome compositions tested, even if containing lactosylceramide for
      preferential hepatocyte uptake, was more effective in inhibiting AIA-induced ALAS
      activity than heme in buffer. As for the function of the heme analogs, although
      deuteroheme and heme dimethyl ester proved ineffective, mesoheme and cobalt
      protoporphyrin were nearly as effective as heme itself, indicating that both
      hydrophobic side chains in positions 2 and 4 and free propionate groups at 6 and
      7 are essential for ALAS inhibition, as is the presence of a central cobalt or
      iron atom.

PMID- 4026835
TI  - Identification of urinary metabolites of the nephrotoxic hydrocarbon 2,2,4
      trimethylpentane in male rats.
AB  - The compound 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (2,2,4 TMP) is reported to be especially
      potent in inducing kidney lesions in male rats (1,2). Although the pathology
      produced by 2,2,4 TMP has been examined (1), there are no reports concerning the
      metabolism of 2,2,4 TMP by the male rat. The eight principal urinary metabolites
      of 2,2,4 TMP found in the urine of Fischer 344 male rats are: 2,2,4-trimethyl-1
      pentanol, 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol, 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol, 2,2,4-trimethyl
      1-pentanoic acid, 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanoic acid, 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-hydroxy-1
      pentanoic acid, 2,2,4-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-1-pentanoic acid and 2,4,4-trimethyl-5
      hydroxy-1-pentanoic acid.

PMID- 4026836
TI  - Introduction of the dansyl group into histidine and tyrosine residues in peptides
      and proteins.
AB  - Two dansyl derivatives: 1-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene) sulfonyl (4-amino)-benzyl
      amine and 1-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene) sulfonyl beta(4-aminophenyl) ethylamine,
      have been recently synthesized. Reaction of these compounds with nitrous acid
      lead to the corresponding dansyl-bearing diazonium salts. The latter derivatives
      can couple, under mild basic conditions, to the imidazole moiety of histidine,
      the phenolic ring of tyrosine and to the epsilon-amino function of lysine. The
      applicability of the two reagents was tested in the modification of several
      peptides, including [D-Phe6]LHRH, [D-Gln6]LHRH, Leu-enkephalin and Tyr-tuftsin,
      and proteins such as calmodulin, bovine serum albumin and nerve growth factor.

PMID- 4026837
TI  - An HPLC/push-pull perfusion technique for investigating peptide metabolism.
AB  - We have combined the push-pull perfusion of radiolabelled peptide, with reverse
      phase--HPLC procedures as a valuable method for monitoring peptide metabolism in
      the CNS. This model not only permits studies on metabolism of neuropeptides at
      specific sites in the CNS, but more importantly, allows (unlike in vitro methods)
      the study to be made under the appropriate physiological conditions. We have
      demonstrated unambiguously for the first time, the metabolism of CCK-8 in situ.

PMID- 4026838
TI  - A note on Ca2+ binding to calmodulin.
AB  - Binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin has been simulated on the basis of a model that
      assumes two classes, two sites in each class, of Ca2+ binding sites. With
      properly chosen values of binding constants for the two classes of sites, and
      with the assumption that certain degree of positive cooperativity exists between
      the two sites in each class, the overall binding isotherm can be generated so
      that it appears to be a single-transition, non-cooperative binding curve of four
      equivalent sites. Thus this model offers a resolution for some of the
      discrepancies among Ca2+ binding studies of calmodulin.

PMID- 4026839
TI  - Extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in muscle cell cultures: quantitative and
      qualitative studies during myogenesis.
AB  - When the synthesis of extracellular matrix components was examined in G8-1 murine
      skeletal muscle cells as a function of differentiation, non-collagen and to an
      even greater extent collagen synthesis was increased. Specifically, collagen
      types I, III, IV, laminin and fibronectin were identified by SDS-PAGE.
      Immunoprecipitation, with specific antibodies revealed that both the cell layer
      and medium of differentiated multinucleated myotubes contained increased levels
      of type IV collagen and laminin, decreased levels of type III collagen and
      fibronectin and equivalent levels of type I collagen compared to mononuclear
      myoblasts.

PMID- 4026840
TI  - Reaction of optically active S- and R-forms of dolichyl phosphates with activated
      sugars.
AB  - Chemical synthesis was used to produce optically active isomers of dolichol (S-
      and R-forms) with 18 and 19 isoprene residues. The phosphorylated polyprene was
      studied in rat liver microsomal GDP-mannosyl and UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyl
      transferase systems. The two dolichol-P forms in both transferase systems gave
      Vmax values which for the S-form exceeded 4-6 times what was obtained with the R
      form. The Km values were also higher for the S-form. The hepatocyte appears to
      contain a large excess of dolichyl-P, by 100 times exceeding that of the Km
      values. For this reason the S-form of dolichyl-P seems to be one of the
      requirements for the normal establishment of the N-glycosidically linked
      oligosaccharide chain.

PMID- 4026841
TI  - Measurement of immunoreactive leukotriene C4 in blood of asthmatic children.
AB  - Peptide leukotriene (LT) such as LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 have been considered to be
      major mediators of immediate type hypersensitivity reaction such as asthma. We
      have developed a rapid and simple extraction method using a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge
      for the measurement of LTC4 by radioimmunoassay (i-LTC4). In this extraction
      method, 91% LTC4 was recovered in a final methanol fraction. The identity was
      confirmed by the recovery test and by the dilution method. The amount of i-LTC4
      in plasma from asthmatic patients was determined by radioimmunoassay after the
      extraction. The order of the plasma level of i-LTC4 was; severe asthma greater
      than slight or moderate asthma greater than asthmatic patient without attack
      greater than healthy adult. The highest level of LTC4 was 0.27 +/- 0.11 pmol/ml
      in severe asthmatic plasma.

PMID- 4026842
TI  - Band 3 protein of the red cell membrane of the llama: crosslinking and cleavage
      of the cytoplasmic domain.
AB  - Comparative studies were done on the cytoplasmic domain of the band 3 protein in
      the red cell membranes of the the human and the llama. Two approaches were used:
      crosslinking with o-phenanthroline/CuSO4, and cleavage with 2-nitro-5
      thiocyanobenzoate. o-Phenanthroline/CuSO4 crosslinks the band 3 polypeptide
      chains in the human; in contrast band 3 in the llama is minimally crosslinked by
      this agent. 2-Nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoate cleaves band 3 in the human into a 23,000
      dalton fragment; a similar fragment is not generated from the llama band 3. These
      studies show that the cysteine residue located 23,000 daltons from the N-terminus
      of band 3 in the human involved in these reactions is unavailable for
      crosslinking and cleavage in the llama. Species differences in the cytoplasmic
      domain of band 3 may contribute to the unusual resistance of llama red cells to
      osmotic, chemical and physically-induced deformation.

PMID- 4026843
TI  - Polypentapeptide of elastin: temperature dependence of ellipticity and
      correlation with elastomeric force.
AB  - Circular dichroism (CD) is used to follow the conformational changes that attend
      temperature dependent aggregation leading to the viscoelastic (coacervate) state
      of the polypentapeptide of elastin in water. Two concentrations are used, 2.3
      mg/ml and 0.023 mg/ml. The former results in aggregates of a size that exhibit
      much particulate distortion of the CD spectra whereas the latter results in
      spectra that are relatively free of distortions. Given the CD spectra of the
      temperature dependent aggregation of the lower concentration, it is possible to
      show that the same conformational change is occurring at high concentration. The
      structure of the polypentapeptide is one of limited order below 20 degrees C
      which undergoes an inverse temperature transition to a conformation characterized
      by a regularly recurring beta-turn at 40 degrees C. The temperature profile for
      the conformational change is compared to the temperature dependence of
      elastomeric force of gamma-irradiation cross-linked polypentapeptide coacervate.
      The curves virtually superimpose. When there is little order, there is little
      elastomeric force and elastomeric force develops to a near maximal value as the
      repeating Type II beta-turn conformation develops. Not only is the elastomeric
      state non-random, the more nearly random state has very little elasticity. These
      results are the inverse of expectations based on the classical theory of rubber
      elasticity.

PMID- 4026844
TI  - Enantioselectivity in glutathione conjugation of 1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydronaphthalene by hepatic glutathione S-transferase.
AB  - Enantiomers of 1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ETN) were conjugated with
      glutathione (GSH) specifically at their benzylic oxiran carbons, with a marked
      difference in rate [(1R,2S)-(+)- less than (1S,2R)-(-)-ETNs] as well as in
      affinity for GSH S-transferase [Km: (1S,2R)-(-)- less than (1R, 2S)-(+)-ETNs], in
      rat liver cytosol to yield two diastereomeric S-(2-hydroxy-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydronaphth-1-yl)glutathiones which were separable by reverse partition
      hplc. Enzymatic GSH conjugation of racemic ETN occurred preferentially with the
      (1S,2R)-(-)-component as a result of its retarding effect on the conjugation of
      the (1R,2S)-(+)-counterpart, one half of which remained in enantiomerically pure
      form in the incubation medium when the (1S,2R)-(-)-component had been completely
      conjugated.

PMID- 4026845
TI  - Identification of the 11,12-dihydro-11,12-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene as a major
      metabolite produced by the green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum.
AB  - Benzo(a)pyrene metabolites were isolated after incubation of [14C]-benzo(a)pyrene
      with the green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum. A significant amount of
      radioactivity chromatographed in the dihydrodiol region which did not coelute
      with any of the previously identified dihydrodiol metabolites isolated from this
      system. Following characterization by mass spectrometry, fluorescence
      spectroscopy, and high pressure liquid chromatography, this metabolite was
      identified as the cis-11,12-dihydro-11,12-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. This
      metabolite has not been identified previously as a metabolite formed in a plant
      system.

PMID- 4026846
TI  - Protein fingerprint by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry: characterization
      of normal and variant human haemoglobins.
AB  - A procedure using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry was developed for
      mapping the proteolytic digest of proteins. The procedure was successfully
      applied to the tryptic peptides of the human beta-globin chain. Almost all the
      expected peptides were identified by direct analysis of the peptide mixture on
      the mass spectrometer. Peptide recognition along the beta-globin chain sequence
      was easily made on the basis of their molecular weight. The general applicability
      of this mapping procedure in the analysis of haemoglobinopathies was demonstrated
      by its use for the structural characterization of a variant beta-globin chain.

PMID- 4026847
TI  - Sequential homologies between procarboxypeptidases A and B from porcine pancreas.
AB  - Automated Edman degradation of monomeric procarboxypeptidases A and B from
      porcine pancreas shows that their N-terminal regions (from residue 1 to 34-37)
      present a high degree of sequential homology to each other as well as to other
      related procarboxypeptidases. Conformational predictions based on these sequences
      confirm their structural homology and indicate the probable existence of two beta
      turns, one beta-chain and a long alpha-helix in them. On the other hand, tryptic
      peptide maps on a reverse-phase column indicate great sequential similarities (if
      not identity) between monomeric procarboxypeptidase A and the procarboxypeptidase
      A subunit isolated from its binary complex with proproteinase E.

PMID- 4026848
TI  - Amplified DNA sequences in cancers.
AB  - Amplification of genes other than known oncogenes was analyzed using an in-gel
      DNA renaturation method, in which a mixture of restriction fragments of
      radioactively labelled tracer DNA and unlabelled driver DNA was electrophoresed
      and amplified DNA fragments were visualized after two cycles of denaturation and
      renaturation in the gel. Different DNA fragments were found to be amplified more
      than 400 fold in NB1, a neuroblastoma cell line, in Y79, a retinoblastoma cell
      line and in H69, a small cell lung carcinoma cell line, in addition to 120 to 160
      fold amplification of N-myc gene in these three cell lines.

PMID- 4026849
TI  - Quantitative analysis of lymphocyte-Salmonella interaction and effect of
      lymphocyte irradiation by Helium-Neon laser.
AB  - A model system has been developed to quantitatively investigate bacteria-cell
      interaction using a rough mutant of Salmonella and human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes. The effect of lymphocyte irradiation by low-power continuous wave
      Helium-Neon laser has been investigated since laser therapy in wound and
      decoubitous ulcer healing could involve the lymphoid cell function. Helium-Neon
      laser irradiation is shown here to enhance the adherence of Salmonella to
      lymphocytes. In particular, changes in newly defined binding parameters show that
      laser irradiation increases the frequency of binding-lymphocytes, the affinity of
      Salmonella for lymphocytes and the number of lymphocyte receptor sites as well.

PMID- 4026851
TI  - Loss of calmodulin activity in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum after ischemia.
AB  - Experiments were designed to evaluate whether cardiac ischemia affected the
      subcellular distribution of calmodulin activity. Major cellular fractions
      (nuclei, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytosol) were isolated from
      globally ischemic hearts by differential centrifugation. Ischemia did not affect
      calmodulin activity in cell fractions other than sarcoplasmic reticulum, which
      showed a consistent and complete loss of activity. This site-specific loss of
      calmodulin activity may be one mechanism by which ischemia induces contractile
      dysfunction.

PMID- 4026850
TI  - Inhibitory effects of selenium on the growth of DU-145 human prostate carcinoma
      cells in vitro.
AB  - The growth of DU-145 human prostate carcinoma cells is reduced to 50% of control
      by 1 X 10(-6) M to 2 X 10(-6) M selenium and to 2% of control at 10(-4)M
      selenium. These cells show greater sensitivity to inhibition of growth or DNA
      synthesis by selenium than human W1-38 and HeLa cells and mouse mammary tumor
      cells. It has been shown that selenium inhibits carcinogenesis and reduces the
      incidence of chemical carcinogen and virus-induced tumors of a variety of organs
      in animals. Selenium may also inhibit the growth of certain tumor cells of non
      human origin. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the effects of
      selenium on the growth of human tumor cells. From extrapolation, it is deduced
      that selenium serum levels in humans living in high selenium areas may be as high
      as 10(-6) M and could be effective in inhibiting the growth of tumor cells in
      vivo. These findings have implications in the prevention and intervention of
      prostate cancer in man.

PMID- 4026852
TI  - Calcitonin inhibits the phosphorylation of various proteins in rat brain synaptic
      membranes.
AB  - The present report examines the effect of different calcitonins and analogs on
      the in vitro phosphorylation of brain synaptic membrane proteins. The findings
      demonstrate that calcitonin is a potent inhibitor of several brain synaptic
      proteins and that salmon and eel calcitonins are considerably more potent than
      thyrocalcitonin in eliciting this effect. Deletion of leucine from position 16 in
      salmon calcitonin sequence resulted in a drastic loss of inhibitory activity,
      indicating the importance for a hydrophobic residue at position 16 in the intact
      calcitonin molecule. The mechanism of calcitonin inhibition of protein
      phosphorylation was likely due to the blockade of stimulation of protein kinases
      by calmodulin.

PMID- 4026853
TI  - Neuromedin B-32 and B-30: two "big" neuromedin B identified in porcine brain and
      spinal cord.
AB  - In mammalian spinal cord, we have previously discovered "neuromedin B", whose
      structure is closely related to amphibian bombesin. By utilizing a specific
      radioimmunoassay for neuromedin B, we have isolated two novel "big" neuromedin B,
      designated neuromedin B-32 and B-30, from pig brain and spinal cord, both of
      which were identified as N-terminally extended forms of neuromedin B. The amino
      acid sequence of neuromedin B-32 was determined to be: Ala-Pro-Leu-Ser-Trp-Asp
      Leu-Pro-Glu-Pro- Arg-Ser-Arg-Ala-Gly-Lys-Ile-Arg-Val-His-Pro-Arg-Gly-Asn-Leu-Trp
      Ala- Thr-Gly-His-Phe-Met-NH2, while neuromedin B-30 was found to be an N-terminal
      two amino acids deleted form of neuromedin B-32. Isolation of a family comprising
      neuromedin B, B-30 and B-32 is indicative of their biosynthetic relationship.

PMID- 4026854
TI  - Evidence for peroxisomal hydroxylase activity in rat liver.
AB  - This study presents evidence for the first time that rat liver peroxisomes
      contain a hydroxylase capable of converting 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha,-
      trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestane to a cholestanetetrol. Furthermore, this hydroxylase
      differs from both the mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes in its response to
      various co-factors. Highly purified peroxisomal, mitochondrial, and microsomal
      fractions from cholestryamine-treated rats were incubated with [22(23)-3H]3
      alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestane under a variety of
      conditions. The products were acidified, extracted, and subjected to thin-layer
      chromatography to determine the amount of cholestanetetrol produced. The
      identification of the 25- and 26-hydroxylated products from the incubations with
      the microsomes was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Peroxisomal
      fractions incubated with a NADPH-generating system, Mg2+, and ATP showed a rate
      of 40 pmol/min/mg conversion of 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,-trihydroxy-5 beta
      cholestane to a cholestanetetrol. Co-factor studies indicated that both the
      peroxisomal and mitochondrial hydroxylase activities were dependent on NADPH,
      Mg2+, and ATP (with different concentration requirements) whereas the microsomal
      hydroxylase(s) required only NADPH. An abstract of this work has been published
      (1).

PMID- 4026855
TI  - Biosynthesis of type IX collagen during chick limb development.
AB  - We analyzed the collagens synthesized by developing chick limbs (stages 22 to
      34). Type IX collagen synthesis started at stage 26, concurrently with the
      chondrogenic differentiation of limb mesenchyme, and gradually increased during
      subsequent stages. By stage 34, the central cartilaginous region of the limbs
      substantially synthesized type IX collagen, in addition to cartilage-specific
      type II collagen, while the outer non-cartilaginous region of the limbs
      synthesized predominantly type I collagen. The present study indicates that type
      IX collagen is cartilage-specific and can be used as a marker for the
      chondrogenic phenotype.

PMID- 4026856
TI  - Dexamethasone directly inhibits snake venom phospholipase A.
AB  - Dexamethasone was found to directly inhibit snake venom phospholipase A2 within 3
      to 10 minutes. To detect this effect, the incubation time seems to be critical.
      Moreover, the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone and mepacrine were additive with
      each other. We speculate that this direct inhibitory effect on phospholipase A2
      plays a part in its strong biological activity.

PMID- 4026857
TI  - Comparison of water exposed area of cholera toxin when free in solution and bound
      to liposomes containing the ganglioside GM1.
AB  - Membrane impermeable diazocoupling reagents were used for studying the water
      exposure of subunits (alpha, beta, gamma) of cholera toxin (CT) when bound to
      liposomes containing the ganglioside GM1 (Lip-GM1). The interaction between CT
      with Lip-GM1 shielded the binding region in particular, since a maximum of one
      amino acid residue on each beta subunit was modifiable. When CT was labeled free
      in solution five residues of each beta subunit can be coupled, but it produced
      loss of binding ability. New area of beta subunit was exposed to reagents after
      having removed alpha subunit. This labeling may serve as a tool to assess the
      topology of CT upon binding with Lip-GM1.

PMID- 4026858
TI  - Sequence homology among the coat proteins of gemini viruses.
AB  - The coat proteins of the gemini viruses - African cassava latent virus, tomato
      golden mosaic virus and maize streak virus - are shown to have reasonable to good
      amino acid sequence homology. It is suggested that the maize streak virus genome
      is ancestral and the bipartite genomes of the other viruses evolved from it.

PMID- 4026859
TI  - The cellulolytic enzyme complex of Clostridium thermocellum is very large.
AB  - The cellulolytic enzyme system bound to cellulose during the early stages of
      growth of C. thermocellum on this substrate was resolved into two major
      complexes. These complexes, as viewed by electron microscopy, are spherical
      particles with diameters of 210 A and 610 A and calculated molecular weights of
      4.2 million and 102 million daltons, respectively.

PMID- 4026860
TI  - An inhibitory protein of intestinal fluid secretion reverses neuronal GABA
      transport.
AB  - Intestinal challenge with cholera toxin induces the synthesis of a hormone-like
      protein which counteracts intestinal hypersecretion. This study shows that the
      protein also inhibits GABA transport across the plasma membrane of Deiters' cells
      in rabbits. The inhibitory action of the protein was dose dependent, and 10(3)
      times more potent than met 5-enkephalin, hitherto the most effective known
      inhibitor of GABA transport in vitro. The influence of the protein on the plasma
      membrane was reversible, and did not affect either postsynaptic binding or uptake
      of GABA.

PMID- 4026861
TI  - The 5-hydroxyl of myo-inositol is essential for uptake into HSDM1C1 mouse
      fibrosarcoma cells.
AB  - We attempted to replace the myo-inositol in cellular inositol phosphatides with 5
      deoxy-myo-inositol to evaluate the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate as a
      second messenger. This analog, lacking a 5-hydroxyl, might be incorporated into 5
      deoxyphosphatidylinositol and converted to the corresponding phosphatidylcyclitol
      4-phosphate but could not be converted to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate,
      the precursor of the second messenger molecule inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. We
      synthesized 5-deoxy-myo-inositol and found that this analog does not replace myo
      inositol as an essential growth factor for essential fatty acid deficient HSDM1C1
      mouse fibrosarcoma cells. Furthermore, [5-3H]-5-deoxy-myo-inositol was neither
      incorporated into the phospholipids nor accumulated in the cytoplasm of these
      cells. It appears that this cell line has a specific myo-inositol uptake system
      that excludes a potentially harmful analog of inositol.

PMID- 4026862
TI  - A transition-state-analog inhibitor influences zinc-binding by Aeromonas
      aminopeptidase.
AB  - The transition-state-analog inhibitor, 1-butaneboronic acid, markedly enhances
      the uptake of one g-atom of Zn2+ ions from a metal ion buffer system by Zn
      depleted Aeromonas aminopeptidase. In contrast, a substrate-analog inhibitor, n
      valeramide, does not perturb the equilibrium between Zn2+ ions and the enzyme in
      a metal ion buffer system. These results establish a role for metal ions in the
      binding of 1-butaneboronic acid to Aeromonas amino-peptidase and strongly imply
      that a bound Zn2+ ion interacts directly with substrate during catalysis but not
      during initial binding of substrate.

PMID- 4026863
TI  - Analysis of thyroid hormone effects on myosin heavy chain gene expression in
      cardiac and soleus muscles using a novel dot-blot mRNA assay.
AB  - Effects of thyroid hormone on myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene expression were
      compared in ventricle and soleus muscle of hypothyroid rats, since in this
      condition, both muscle types express predominately beta-MHC mRNA. Changes in MHC
      mRNAs were analyzed using synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to the
      3' untranslated region of the MHC mRNAs. The results indicated that daily
      treatment with 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) at a dose of 2 micrograms/100 g
      body weight increased alpha-MHC mRNA content in heart muscle by 600% and
      decreased beta-MHC mRNA by 70% within 48 h. In soleus muscle, beta-MHC mRNA
      levels were not affected by 9 wks of treatment, however, Fast IIa-MHC mRNA was
      increased by 150% at 7 wks and 300% after 9 wks of T3 administration. Thus,
      regulation of MHC gene expression by thyroid hormone is both gene and tissue
      specific.

PMID- 4026864
TI  - Sexual dimorphism in amino acid compositions of mouse prolactin.
AB  - Sexual dimorphism was found in amino acid compositions and immunogenecity of
      variant types of prolactin (PRL) purified from the pituitary gland of normal
      adult C57BL mice by a high performance liquid chromatography. From the pituitary
      gland of female mice, three female variant types of PRL were isolated, whereas
      from the pituitary gland of male mice, two male variant types of PRL (M1-PRL and
      M3-PRL) and a female variant type of PRL (M2-PRL) were obtained. The amino acid
      composition of M3-PRL was different from any of female variant types which were
      very similar to each other and contained less varine, isoleucine, leucine,
      tyrosine and lysine but more alanine than the latter. Immunoreactivity of any of
      female variant types of PRL against anti-PRL serum was 100%, whereas that of M1
      PRL was as much as 85% and that of M3-PRL was nearly undetectable.

PMID- 4026865
TI  - Influence of myocardial isomyosins on cardiac performance and oxygen consumption.
AB  - There was 21% isomyosin V1 in the 12 month SHR (Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat) and
      70% isomyosin V1 in the 6 month WKY (Wystar-Kyoto), nevertheless there was no
      difference in maximum developed pressure nor maximum dP/dt in the isovolumically
      beating hearts of the two sets of animals. [Hearts were perfused with
      hypercalcemic perfusate in the presence of isoproterenol (10(-7)M)]. There was,
      however, a a 32% reduction in oxygen consumption per gram of dry weight per beat
      in the 12 month SHR as compared to the 6 mo WKY. Associated with a shift towards
      isomyosins V2 and V3 in the 6 and 12 month WKY and SHR there was no corresponding
      change in maximum dP/dt nor developed pressure, but there was a conservation in
      oxygen consumption.

PMID- 4026866
TI  - Hydroxylation of benzoate and its chlorinated derivatives in Aspergillus niger.
AB  - Comparison of the properties of a purified benzoate-4-hydroxylase, using benzoic
      acid and its chlorinated derivatives as substrate, suggests that the same enzyme
      operates during the initial hydroxylation of benzoate, 2-chlorobenzoate (2-cba),
      and 3-chlorobenzoate (3-cba) in A.niger.

PMID- 4026867
TI  - Affinity chromatography of human serum proteins using immobilized lectin from
      Allomyrina dichotoma.
AB  - The beta-D-galactoside-specific lectin from Allomyrina dichotoma reacts with
      serum proteins which contain the corresponding carbohydrate moieties. By affinity
      chromatography of human serum using the insolubilized lectin coupled to
      Sepharose, it is possible to fractionate human serum proteins in 2 groups: those
      which react with the lectin (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, etc.) and
      those which do not (albumin, Gc-globulin, etc.). IgG is the only serum protein
      that can be found in both groups.

PMID- 4026868
TI  - Human uropepsinogen is a new human pepsinogen proisozyme.
AB  - The first 20 amino acid residues of human uropepsinogen has been determined to be
      H2N-Ile-Met-Tyr-Lys-Val-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ile-Lys-Lys-Ile-Leu-Val Val-Pro-Leu-Ile-Val
      Tyr-Met. Comparison with the sequence of human stomach pepsinogen shows that
      these proteins are isozymes. Comparative sequence data are presented and
      discussed.

PMID- 4026869
TI  - Structure of a novel diphosphonoglycosphingolipid isolated from the skin of
      Aplysia kurodai.
AB  - A new phosphonoglycosphingolipid containing two 2-aminoethylphosphonate residues
      was isolated from the skin of Aplysia kurodai, a marine gastropod, using two
      systems of silicic acid chromatography. By methanolysis, permethylation, mild
      acid hydrolysis and hydrogen fluoride treatment combined with thin layer
      chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the new
      phosphonoglycosphingolipid was shown to be 3-O-MeGal (1----3) GalNAc (1----3) [6'
      O-(2-aminoethylphosphonyl) Gal (1----2)] [2-aminoethylphosphonyl (----6)] Gal (1-
      --4) Glc (1----1) ceramide. Most of the fatty acid (90 per cent) was palmitic
      acid. Octadeca-4-sphingenine and anteiso-nonadeca-4-sphingenine were the major
      sphingosine bases of the new glycolipid.

PMID- 4026870
TI  - ATP-dependent stabilization against microsomal factor-induced loss of unoccupied
      glucocorticoid receptors.
AB  - ATP stabilizes the unoccupied glucocorticoid receptor from brain at 12 degrees C,
      but only in the presence of a destabilizing microsomal factor. This stabilization
      is optimal at an ATP concentration of about 1 mM, higher concentrations resulting
      in an increase in the rate of heat inactivation. Other nucleotides, including
      CTP, GTP, UTP, ADP, cAMP and cGMP were ineffective in stabilizing receptors,
      although additions of some of these nucleotides actually resulted in further
      destabilization of the unoccupied glucocorticoid receptor.

PMID- 4026871
TI  - The conversion of L-cystathionine into the cyclic ketimine form by heated rat
      liver extracts containing cystathionase and transaminase activities.
AB  - Rat liver homogenates heated for 10 min at 60 degrees C incubated with L
      cystathionine yield cystathionine ketimine which was identified by its typical UV
      spectrum and by cochromatography with authentic samples on the amino acid
      analyzer. Alanine and alpha-amino butyric acid have been also detected among the
      final products. The reaction is due to heat stable gamma-cystathionase and
      transaminases present in the extracts. Cystathionase produces alpha-keto butyric
      acid and pyruvic acid which are then used for the transamination of the remaining
      cystathionine to yield the ketimine. This is the first report indicating the
      occurrence in a mammalian tissue of an enzymatic system using cystathionine for
      reactions differing from the traditional transulfuration to cysteine.

PMID- 4026872
TI  - Selenium-dependent and non-selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase in human
      tissues of New Zealand residents.
AB  - Glutathione peroxidase was assayed in human tissues of New Zealand residents by
      the coupled assay method. Total glutathione peroxidase was assayed using cumene
      hydroperoxide. The non-selenium-dependent activity was not detected with t-butyl
      hydroperoxide and thus was determined from the difference between total activity
      and the selenium-dependent activity using hydrogen peroxide or t-butyl
      hydroperoxide. Only selenium-dependent activity was found in whole blood,
      erythrocytes, platelets and biopsy skeletal muscle. A small non-selenium
      dependent activity was measured in plasma and a larger activity in biopsy liver
      supernatant and homogenate. Glutathione-S-transferase was detected in all
      tissues.

PMID- 4026873
TI  - Comparison of populations of mRNA coding fumarase in rat brain and liver.
AB  - The populations of mRNA encoding mitochondrial and cytosolic fumarases in the
      poly A+ RNA fractions purified from polysomes of rat brain and liver were
      examined. When the in vitro translation products programmed by the poly A+ RNA
      fraction obtained from rat brain were purified by immunoprecipitation with anti
      fumarase antibody and analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      fluorography, only one polypeptide of 50 KD was detected as a precursor of
      fumarase. In contrast, by the same method, two polypeptides of 50 KD and 45 KD,
      which is the same size as mature fumarase, were detected as precursors of rat
      liver fumarase. These results suggest that rat brain polysomes contain only one
      population of mRNA coding a 50 KD precursor of mitochondrial fumarase with little
      or no mRNA of the cytosolic fumarase, whereas rat liver polysomes contain two
      types of mRNA for mitochondrial and cytosolic fumarases, respectively. These
      findings are consistent with the fact that the brain is the only organ in rats
      known not to contain cytosolic fumarase.

PMID- 4026874
TI  - Effects of anesthetics and dichlorodifluoromethane on the activities of
      glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase and pectin methylesterase.
AB  - Solutions of glucose-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and pectin methylesterase
      (PME) were exposed to various anesthetics and dichlorodifluoromethane (F-12) to
      determine the abilities of these chemicals to inhibit enzyme activity. An aqueous
      solution of PME was exposed to saturation levels of the test chemicals for 30 min
      at 21 degrees. All test chemicals were inhibitory (measured after release of the
      test chemical) with propane being most inhibitory followed in order by F-12,
      cyclopropane, Ethrane (F2HCOF2CCHClF) and halothane (CF3CHClBr). GPD was exposed
      to various concentrations of F-12 and halothane for various times at 0 degrees
      and 33 degrees. Halothane at 33 degrees and a saturation concentration reduced
      the initial reaction velocity of GPD to zero after a 10-min exposure period. F-12
      was somewhat less inhibitory than halothane, but inhibition in all instances was
      irreversible. Halothane was found to affect the circular dichroism and optical
      rotary dispersion spectra of GPD, with the magnitude of the changes generally
      increasing with treatment time. The observed changes were believed to arise from
      side-chain transitions of GPD.

PMID- 4026875
TI  - Lack of effect of added liposomes on veratridine activation of 22Na+ uptake in
      rat brain synaptosomes.
AB  - Partially purified egg yolk phospholipids in the form of both small and large
      unilamellar liposomes at lipid concentrations of 30 mg/ml and higher inhibited
      veratridine activation of sodium channel specific 22Na+ uptake by rat brain
      synaptosomes. Chromatographically purified egg yolk phosphatidyl choline
      liposomes did not show this inhibition even at lipid concentrations up to 125
      mg/ml. This demonstrates that the inhibition of veratridine-activated 22Na+
      uptake was due to an impurity in the lipid rather than an ability of the
      liposomes to absorb and immobilize the lipophilic veratridine molecule.

PMID- 4026876
TI  - 2-Acetamido-p-benzoquinone: a reactive arylating metabolite of 3'
      hydroxyacetanilide.
AB  - The covalent binding to protein of 3'-hydroxyacetanilide (3HAA), its primary
      metabolite 2',5'-dihydroxyacetanilide (2,5DHAA), and a putative secondary
      metabolite thereof, 2-acetamido-p-benzoquinone (APBQ), was studied in hepatic
      microsomal preparations from phenobarbital-pretreated mice. All compounds were
      found to bind irreversibly to microsomal protein, APBQ being by far the most
      effective member of the group. In the case of 3HAA, binding was dependent upon
      the presence in incubation media of the co-factor NADPH, indicating that
      metabolism of 3HAA was necessary for the generation of a reactive intermediate.
      In contrast, NADPH decreased by more than 2-fold the binding of both 2,5DHAA and
      APBQ. The free radical spin-trapping agent alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert
      butylnitrone (POBN) did not reduce the binding of 3HAA to protein. These results
      support the contention that metabolic activation of 3HAA is a two-step process
      which involves initial aromatic hydroxylation to give the substituted
      hydroquinone, 2,5DHAA, followed by a second oxidation reaction (which may not be
      enzyme-mediated) to produce the benzoquinone derivative, APBQ. This quinone is a
      reactive, electrophilic intermediate which may either undergo reduction back to
      2,5DHAA or bind covalently to cellular macromolecules.

PMID- 4026877
TI  - The characterization of [3H]sulpiride binding sites in pig striatal membranes.
AB  - Pig striatal membranes have [3H]sulpiride-binding sites similar to those
      identified in rat striatal membranes. The pharmacological profile indicates that
      this binding is to dopamine receptors. Agonist displacement of [3H]sulpiride
      binding in pig striatal membranes is subject to guanine nucleotide regulation.
      This effect is mimicked by heat treatment. N-ethyl maleamide (20 microM) and
      dithioerythritol (3 mM) decrease agonist affinity for the [3H]sulpiride-binding
      site in pig striatal membranes without significantly affecting maximal
      displacement.

PMID- 4026878
TI  - Interconversions of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in guinea pig and rat
      liver microsomes.
AB  - An alcohol metabolite of haloperidol, reduced haloperidol, is present in the
      tissues of haloperidol-treated patients. We have studied whether rat and guinea
      pig liver microsomes have the capability to reduce haloperidol and thus serve as
      models for human haloperidol metabolism. Interestingly, the rat microsomes did
      not reduce haloperidol, but possessed an NADPH-dependent, carbon monoxide
      inhibited mechanism to oxidize the reduced haloperidol back to haloperidol.
      Guinea pig microsomes efficiently reduced haloperidol molecules in a fashion not
      dependent on nicotinamide cofactors and not inhibited by carbon monoxide. Both of
      these activities were confined to the microsomal fraction. In guinea pigs,
      reduction of haloperidol was observed also in kidney slices, whereas brain slices
      proved inactive. Reduced haloperidol was also oxidized to haloperidol to a small
      extent in guinea pig microsomes. These in vitro experiments confirm our findings
      in vivo, which showed that in rats haloperidol is not reduced, while guinea pigs
      have a very active mechanism for reducing haloperidol. Thus, guinea pigs
      constitute a model for human haloperidol metabolism, and they should be used for
      further characterization of the reductive drug-metabolizing system.

PMID- 4026879
TI  - Analysis of metabolites of 2-acetylaminofluorene generated in an embryo culture
      system. Relationship of biotransformation to teratogenicity in vitro.
AB  - 2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF) produced abnormal, open neural tubes in cultured
      whole rat embryos only in the presence of an added, NADPH-dependent monooxygenase
      system. Reactive intermediary metabolites, including N-hydroxy-AAF, N-hydroxy-2
      aminofluorene, 2-nitrosofluorene and N-acetoxy-AAF, each elicited embryonic
      malformations under culture conditions, but a statistically significant increase
      in the incidence of abnormal neurulation was not observed. Using [14C]AAF and
      high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation techniques, the
      biotransformation of AAF was studied under conditions in which embryos and the
      monooxygenase system were coincubated. The major metabolites produced
      cochromatographed with 5-hydroxy-AAF, 7-hydroxy-AAF, 9-hydroxy-AAF and 3-hydroxy
      AAF. Other metabolic products also were detected. The embryonic effects of these
      major AAF metabolites were tested singly and in combination in the embryo culture
      system. Addition of 7-hydroxy-AAF to the embryo culture system resulted in open
      neural tubes in the absence of an added monooxygenase system. Other individual
      ring-hydroxylated metabolites produced retarded growth, but neurulation appeared
      normal. Ring-hydroxylated metabolites, added to the embryo culture system in
      combination in the same proportions as were formed during biotransformation in
      culture, also produced a marked increase in incidence of neural tube defects in
      the absence of an exogenous (added) biotransforming system. In combination with 3
      , 5- and 9-hydroxy-AAF, 7-hydroxy-AAF exposure (86 microM) resulted in a 47%
      incidence of abnormal, open neural tubes. When tested individually, higher
      concentrations of 7-hydroxy-AAF (104 microM) produced a lower percentage of
      malformed embryos (13%). The results suggested that 7-hydroxy-AAF was principally
      responsible for the neural tube defects caused by AAF following monooxygenase
      dependent bioactivation, but that other metabolites also appeared to contribute
      to the observed effect.

PMID- 4026880
TI  - Comparison of the hepatic mixed function oxidase system of young, adult, and old
      non-human primates (Macaca nemestrina).
AB  - The influence of age on the mixed function oxidase system from a non-human
      primate was studied. Microsomes were isolated from the livers of female Macaca
      nemestrina ranging from 2 to 21 years of age. No significant age-related change
      was observed in either the cytochrome P-450 content or the NADPH cytochrome c
      reductase activity. In addition, the ability of the microsomes to metabolize
      benzo [a]pyrene did not change significantly with age. These observations
      contradict studies with liver tissue from laboratory rodents in which an age
      related decline in the mixed function oxidase system is generally observed. The
      lipid composition of the liver microsomes was studied also. Both the cholesterol
      and total phospholipid content of the liver microsomes increased significantly
      with age; however, the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid remained constant.
      The percentage of individual phospholipids in the microsomes changed only
      slightly with age. These results provide new information on the effect of age on
      the mixed function oxidase system and indicate that one must be cautious in
      extrapolating from studies with liver tissue from laboratory rodents to primates.

PMID- 4026881
TI  - Maintenance of cytochrome P-450 in cultured adult human hepatocytes.

PMID- 4026882
TI  - Evidence that (+)[3H]amphetamine binds to acceptor sites which are not MAO-A.

PMID- 4026883
TI  - Synthesis of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid-containing lipids via the monoacylglycerol
      pathway.

PMID- 4026884
TI  - Suppression of rheumatoid factor synthesis by antiidiotypic antibody in
      rheumatoid arthritis patients with cross-reactive idiotypes.
AB  - The effect of antiidiotypic antibody on the in vitro production of rheumatoid
      factor was studied in rheumatoid arthritis patients with cross-reactive idiotypic
      determinants. Antiidiotypic antibodies (ascites IgG) were developed against
      monoclonal rheumatoid factor (Ka m-RF) by a cell fusion procedure. These
      antibodies were idiotype-specific, since: 1) they reacted only with F(ab')2
      fragment of Ka m-RF; 2) they failed to react with normal IgM without rheumatoid
      factor activity; and 3) their F(ab')2 fragment inhibited the rheumatoid factor
      activity of Ka m-RF. The antiidiotypic antibody strongly suppressed the in vitro
      production of rheumatoid factor by lymphocytes from unrelated rheumatoid
      arthritis patients with cross-reactive idiotypes. The suppression was specific,
      since ascites IgG failed to suppress in vitro anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin
      antibody production by the lymphocytes. These results indicate that antiidiotypic
      antibody may influence the regulation of rheumatoid factor production in patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4026885
TI  - The effect of D-penicillamine on pulmonary findings in systemic sclerosis.
AB  - D-penicillamine has been used for the treatment of systemic sclerosis for 2
      decades. Forty-four systemic sclerosis patients who received a mean dose of 636
      mg of D-penicillamine for 2.3 years and 48 untreated patients, who had repeat
      pulmonary function tests performed after a mean of 3.5 and 4.8 years,
      respectively, were evaluated. There were no significant changes in the vital
      capacity or the forced expiratory volumes during this time in either group.
      However, the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide improved from 76% of
      predicted to 87% of predicted in D-penicillamine-treated patients. Untreated
      patients changed slightly, from 73% of predicted to 76% of predicted. When
      multiple logistic regression analysis was used to account for factors which could
      have biased treatment comparisons, the improvement related to use of the D
      penicillamine was significant (P less than 0.05). This improvement in the D
      penicillamine-treated patients was associated with no further progression of
      dyspnea or fibrosis on chest radiograph, as well as reduced skin thickening.
      These data suggest that D-penicillamine may be useful in the treatment of
      systemic sclerosis that involves the lung; however, further studies are needed.

PMID- 4026886
TI  - The value of complement and immune complex determinations in monitoring disease
      activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Serial serum samples from 33 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were
      tested for CH50, C3, C4, and circulating immune complexes. Circulating immune
      complexes were determined by 5 different assays. Disease activity was determined
      by a scoring system we devised. On an interpatient analysis, overall disease
      activity correlated significantly with levels of CH50, C3, and a positive result
      on C1q binding assay. However, with the exception of depressed C3 levels, the
      sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of all the serologic tests were
      low. An intrapatient analysis revealed a patient-specific activity parameter in
      11 of the 33 patients. We conclude that these serologic tests are not reliable in
      assessing disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus,
      although a small subgroup of patients will exhibit a patient-specific activity
      parameter.

PMID- 4026887
TI  - In vitro production and scavenging of hydrogen peroxide by D-penicillamine.
      Relationship to copper availability.
AB  - The capacity of D-penicillamine (DP) to produce or scavenge hydrogen peroxide was
      investigated. DP added to copper produced H2O2. Greater production was observed
      with copper sulfate than with copper bound to ceruloplasmin. In contrast, DP in
      the absence of copper scavenged H2O2, as measured in a direct assay. Furthermore,
      DP or D-cysteine alone reversed H2O2-mediated inhibition of concanavalin A
      stimulated mononuclear cell proliferation. These opposing immunomodulating
      properties of DP may be relevant to its toxic or therapeutic actions in
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4026888
TI  - Salicylate-induced depletion of endogenous inorganic sulfate. Potential role in
      the suppression of sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in murine articular
      cartilage.
AB  - Sodium salicylate has been shown to suppress glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis by
      articular hyaline cartilage in vitro. We investigated the in vivo effect of
      sodium salicylate on murine patellar cartilage, using incorporation of
      intraperitoneally administered 35S-sulfate as a measure of sulfated GAG
      synthesis. Our results indicated that a single dose of sodium salicylate (200
      mg/kg) inhibited in vivo sulfated GAG synthesis by 56%, compared with controls,
      and had no effect on sulfated GAG breakdown. A striking finding was that sodium
      sulfate treatment reduced the serum concentration of inorganic sulfate from 1.1
      mM to approximately 0.3 mM, and that this serum reduction was associated with a
      twofold increase in urinary excretion of sulfate. Using anatomically intact
      patellar cartilage, in vitro studies clearly showed that, in concentrations
      reached in vivo (greater than or equal to 1 mM), salicylate suppressed murine
      chondrocyte GAG synthesis. However, in the presence of serum, the effects of 1 mM
      salicylate were abolished. We also found that sulfated GAG synthesis was clearly
      inhibited at low concentrations of sulfate (less than 0.5 mM). Our data indicate
      that sodium salicylate can suppress articular chondrocyte sulfated GAG synthesis
      in vivo, and that this effect may particularly be due to a drug-induced reduction
      of endogenous sulfate.

PMID- 4026889
TI  - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of early ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) was compared with plain radiography and quantitative
      sacroiliac (SI) scintigraphy in 28 patients with early ankylosing spondylitis
      (AS) of less than or equal to 10 years duration. Compared with conventional
      radiography, CT improved delineation of the SI joints and revealed more
      abnormalities and higher grades of sacroiliitis; this was significant in patients
      with early AS of less than or equal to 3 years duration. Quantitative sacroiliac
      scintigraphy showed higher SI joint: sacrum ratios of radioisotope uptake in
      patients with AS compared with controls. However, its diagnostic usefulness was
      limited by the frequency of inconsistent results and the lack of specificity. CT
      examination of the SI joints may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of early
      AS.

PMID- 4026890
TI  - Sympathetic synovial effusions associated with septic arthritis and bursitis.

PMID- 4026891
TI  - Eosinophilic fasciitis in a two-year-old child.

PMID- 4026892
TI  - Severe reflex neurovascular dystrophy in childhood.

PMID- 4026893
TI  - Adult-onset Still's disease: a case with onset during pregnancy.

PMID- 4026894
TI  - Apophyseal joint ankylosis of the cervical spine in adult-onset rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 4026895
TI  - Erosive granulomatous arthritis in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4026896
TI  - Joint involvement in psoriasis: uncommon or frequent?

PMID- 4026897
TI  - Preliminary study of testosterone levels in rats with adjuvant arthritis.

PMID- 4026898
TI  - Limitations of dose tolerance studies on predictability for phase III.
AB  - Phases I, II and III of the development of a new drug are briefly described. The
      limitations of dose tolerance studies in Phase I are considered in relation to
      their predictive value for Phase III. Limitations on predictability may arise
      because of differences between Phase I and Phase III in both study population and
      study design. The study population in Phase I, in contrast with Phase III, is
      usually numerically small, male, young, of average size, healthy, asymptomatic
      and free from other medication. The Phase III population may be of different
      nationality or race. Phase I studies are always of short duration. Drug
      administration is usually in the morning and may be accompanied by more
      restrictions on diet, smoking and alcohol intake than in Phase III trials. The
      implications of these differences in study population and design are discussed.
      The predictive value of dose tolerance studies for Phase III can be substantial,
      provided that the results are interpreted sensibly. However, the tolerance
      studies should perhaps be regarded mainly as an essential preliminary to single
      and multiple dose kinetic, dynamic and interaction studies; the combined
      experience of these trials should have much greater predictive power for Phase
      III than dose tolerance studies alone.

PMID- 4026899
TI  - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some benzofuran derivatives.
AB  - The Friedel-Craft's acylation of 2,3-diphenyl-5-methylbenzofuran 1a with succinic
      anhydride gives beta-(2,3-diphenyl-5-methylbenzofuranoyl)propionic acid 1b. Acid
      1b reacts with hydrazines yielding the corresponding tetrahydropyridazinones 2.
      4,5-Dihydro-1,2-oxazin-6H-6-one 6 is formed by reaction of 1b with hydroxylamine
      hydrochloride. The reaction of the pyridazinone 2a with dialkyl sulfates, ethyl
      chloroacetate, Grignard reagents, amines in presence of formaldehyde (Mannich
      reaction), o-amino-phenol and thiourea has been investigated. The antimicrobial
      activities of compounds 1a-c, 2a-c, e, f, 4a, b and 5a, b as well as 7b are
      studied.

PMID- 4026900
TI  - Effect of piracetam on cerebral blood flow and somatosensory evoked potential
      during normotension and hypotensive ischemia in cats.
AB  - The effect of piracetam (Nootrop), 200 mg/kg body weight, on cerebral blood flow
      (CBF) and somatosensory evoked potential (EP) was studied in a control group (9
      cats, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) = 113.1 +/- 12,63 mmHg, CBF = 71.0 +/-
      24.16 ml/100 g/min) and in another group of 11 cats, in which CBF was reduced to
      52.2 +/- 20.17 ml/100 g/min by hemorrhagic hypotension (MABP = 55.9 +/- 18.95
      mmHg). Piracetam did not affect CBF significantly in the normotensive group, but
      decreased the EP slightly. The decrease of the surface negative (N1) wave of the
      EP reached a significant level 10 min (9.9 +/- 12.05%) and 30 min (15.6 +/-
      13.05%) after piracetam. In contrast, CBF and EP were increased by piracetam in
      the hypotensive group: CBF was significantly improved 10 min (32.0 +/- 64.74%)
      and 30 min (28.8 +/- 45.11%), and N1 10 min (23.0 +/- 26.47%) after piracetam,
      while the enhancement of the surface positive wave (P1) of the EP reached a
      significant level during the entire observation period of 90 min. The results
      indicate a beneficial action of piracetam on brain tissue whose function is
      impaired by deficient blood supply.

PMID- 4026901
TI  - Cimetropium: characterization of antimuscarinic and spasmolytic properties.
AB  - Cimetropium displaced 3H-NMS binding from membranes derived from gastrointestinal
      smooth muscle. The affinity of cimetropium for intestinal muscarinic receptors
      was in the range 70-100 nM. The competitive antagonism of cimetropium was
      demonstrated in guinea-pig ileum and taenia coli stimulated by bethanechol.
      Comparing pA2 values, cimetropium (8.19 and 7.91, resp.) was 0.3 times as potent
      as atropine (8.52 and 8.41, resp.). Cimetropium displayed strong inhibitory
      effects towards BaCl2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine induced contractions of the guinea
      pig ileum. The compound was devoid of antihistaminic or Ca++ channel blocking
      activity. A binding study performed in vivo confirmed the ability of i.v.
      cimetropium to displace 3H-N-methylscopolamine binding from muscarinic receptors
      in peripheral organs. In addition, when injected into ileal loops, cimetropium
      displaced 3H-NMS binding solely from the surrounding tissue of the loop,
      indicating a topical effect of the compound.

PMID- 4026902
TI  - The lack of hepatotoxicity in the rat with the new and reversible MAO-A inhibitor
      moclobemide in contrast to iproniazid.
AB  - In phenobarbital-pretreated rats iproniazid produces distinct hepatotoxic
      symptoms, whereas moclobemide (Ro 11-1163) does not. Iproniazid's hepatotoxic
      effect is most impressive in histopathology where marked liver necrosis can be
      seen. Differences between the two compounds are also noted in the body weight
      development, mortalities and some haematological and blood chemistry parameters.
      The reversible and specific monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A inhibitor moclobemide, a
      benzamide, is therefore completely different from the classical irreversible MAO
      inhibitors of the hydrazine type and, as also confirmed in the clinical studies,
      does not have any hepatotoxic effect.

PMID- 4026903
TI  - Polysorbate 80: a pharmacological study.
AB  - Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80, Tween 80), a
      surfactant, has been widely used as a solvent for pharmacological experiments. In
      the present study, polysorbate 80 was found to have toxicity of a low order in
      both the mice and rats when given by i.p. and p.o. routes. It produced mild to
      moderate depression of the central nervous system with a marked reduction in
      locomotor activity and rectal temperature, exhibited ataxia and paralytic
      activity and potentiated the pentobarbital sleeping time. On intravenous
      administration in dogs, it had a dose-dependent hypotensive effect. Polysorbate
      80 did not have a direct stimulant or relaxant effect on either guinea pig ileum
      or rat uterus, however, it antagonised the contractions induced by acetylcholine,
      histamine, barium, 5-hydroxytryptamine and carbachol in a dose-dependent manner.
      A direct relaxant effect was observed on rabbit jejunum. A dose-dependent
      myocardial depressant effect was observed on guinea pig and rabbit paired atrial
      preparations. On the electrically-driven guinea pig left atrial preparation,
      polysorbate 80 exhibited a dose-dependent negative inotropic action. Polysorbate
      80 did not induce diuresis in rats upto a dose of 2.5 ml/kg. The results of the
      present study indicate that polysorbate 80 can neither be used as a solvent for
      isolated tissue experiments nor when considered for intravenous administration.
      However, polysorbate 80 can be employed safely as a vehicle for
      neuropsychopharmacological experiments in doses not exceeding 1 ml/kg.

PMID- 4026904
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ryodipine in rats.
AB  - 2,6-Dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1, 4
      dihydropyridine (ryodipine, PP-1466) at oral administration in the form of a
      suspension with Tween (polysorbate) 80 addition is comparatively rapidly absorbed
      in the gastro-intestinal tract and circulates in blood for a long period of time.
      PP-1466 practically does not bind to plasma proteins. The drug is mainly excreted
      via the kidneys and with faeces by 49 and 46% of the dose administered after 96
      h, respectively. PP-1466 metabolites are present in rat urine-2,6-dimethyl-4
      arylpyridine-3,5-dicarbonic acid derivatives: oxidation product of PP-1466
      dihydropyridine cycle into pyridine one, products of partial or complete
      hydrolysis of ester groups of PP-1466 oxidized form, lactones. There have been
      performed the synthesis of labelled 14C-PP-1466 as well as counter-synthesis of
      PP-1466 metabolites. Unchanged PP-1466 is not detected in urine.

PMID- 4026905
TI  - Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5
      dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)- 1,4-dihydropyridine (PP-1466) in
      rats.
AB  - In this experiment, the absorption, excretion, distribution and metabolism of 2,6
      dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1, 4-dihydropyridine
      (PP-1466) were investigated following oral or intravenous administration, single
      dose or repeated dose administration using male SLC-Wistar rats and the results
      of this investigation were summarized as follows: After oral administration of
      14C-PP-1466 to rats, the blood level reached the maximum at 1 h and decreased
      with the biological half-life of about 5 h. The unchanged drug concentration in
      plasma was 30% of total concentration in plasma and disappeared at 6 h. The high
      radioactivities in the liver, kidney, fat, lung and adrenal gland were observed
      after oral and intravenous administration. After oral and intravenous
      administrations, the excretion in feces and urine during 48 h was 63.0 and 32.4,
      58.6 and 41.6%, respectively. Biliary excretion amounted to 57.6 and 46.2% during
      48 h, respectively. Six metabolites were found in the urine of rats. Three of
      them were identified as 2,6-dimethyl-3-carbomethoxy-4-(2-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-5
      carboxylic acid pyridine, 2-methyl-3-carbomethoxy-4-(2-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-5
      carboxylic acid-6-hydroxymethyl pyridine and its lactonizing analogue. These
      three metabolites covered 54% of total urinary metabolites. After oral repeated
      administration for three weeks, the excretion ratio of radioactivity in urine and
      feces was constant during the administration and no accumulation was observed in
      rat tissues.

PMID- 4026906
TI  - Effects of 7-ethoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxymethyl-6,8-dimethyl-1(2H)-phthalazinone (EG
      626), a new phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on the cardiovascular system of the dog.
AB  - 7-Ethoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxymethyl-6,8-dimethyl-1(2H)-phthalazinone (EG 626) (0.3-3
      mg/kg i.v.), a new cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, increased femoral,
      renal, coronary, carotid, vertebral and sagittal blood flows in anesthetized
      dogs. Systolic tension in left ventricular wall, heart rate and cardiac output
      also increased. These properties of EG 626 resembled those of papaverine (0.1-1
      mg/kg i.v.). However, the heart rate increasing activity of EG 626 was less than
      that of papaverine at equipotent does on the vasodilator actions. In the isolated
      right atria of guinea pigs, EG 626 was more selective for increasing
      contractility than for increasing the sinus rate. The cardiovascular actions of
      EG 626 were also examined in perfused vascular beds and papillary muscle
      preparations of dogs. An i.v. infusion of EG 626 or papaverine (0.3 mg/kg/min)
      enhanced the increasing action of isoprenaline on left ventricular systolic
      pressure and coronary sinus outflow. The vasodilator effect of EG 626 was no
      suppressed by atropine, propranolol nor clemastine, and the inotropic action was
      not modified by pindolol. These results indicate that EG 626 may be a useful
      vasodilator with a cardiotonic activity but with less potency to cause
      tachycardia than papaverine.

PMID- 4026907
TI  - Relationship between positive inotropic action and blood levels of denopamine in
      cats.
AB  - The relationship between the positive inotropic action and blood levels of (-)
      (R)-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino]ethanol (denopamine, TA
      064) was studied after intraduodenal administration of 3H-denopamine (100
      micrograms/kg) in cats. The increase in cardiac contractile force attained the
      peak (about 100% increase) 15 min after the administration and the effect
      persisted for over 90 min. The blood levels of denopamine also reached the peak
      at 15 min with a concentration of 20 ng/ml and decreased gradually thereafter.
      Thus, it was indicated that the time courses of the increase in cardiac
      contractile force were closely related to those of blood levels of the drug.
      Furthermore, denopamine was distributed to the liver, kidney, parotid gland and
      heart, followed by being excreted into the urine and bile mostly as metabolites.

PMID- 4026908
TI  - Variability in the pharmacokinetics of atenolol and metoprolol.
AB  - 18 healthy volunteers received conventional atenolol (Tenormin) 50 mg once daily
      and metoprolol 50 mg twice daily for 6 days in a balanced randomised cross-over
      fashion. There was a wash-out period of two weeks between each phase. Plasma
      concentrations of the drugs were measured on the last day of each phase.
      Comparison of the coefficients of variation showed a lower variability in the
      pharmacokinetics of atenolol compared to metoprolol. The clinical implications of
      these findings are discussed.

PMID- 4026909
TI  - Correlation between digoxin plasma levels and arterial blood pH.
AB  - The correlation between arterial blood pH and digoxin plasma levels was studied
      after digoxin (Eudigox) administration a) in a single p.o. dose, b) in a steady
      state p.o. regimen, or c) i.v. The clinical trial was carried out on 26 male
      hospitalized patients selected and divided into groups according to their
      arterial blood pH values, which ranged between 7.20 and 7.53. Arterial blood pH
      proved to be directly correlated with digoxin plasma levels and with the
      corresponding AUC and inversely with the total plasma clearance of the drug. The
      data may explain the strongly reduced activity shown by digoxin in patients
      suffering from respiratory acidosis in clinical practice.

PMID- 4026910
TI  - Dysgeusia after high dose dipyridamole treatment (short communication).
AB  - Chemosensory disorders as a side effect of dipyridamole treatment have not been
      previously described. A case of dysgeusia during treatment with dipyridamole for
      congestive heart failure is reported.

PMID- 4026911
TI  - [The effect of infusion rate on pharmacokinetic parameters of azlocillin and
      mezlocillin].
AB  - Azlocillin (Securopen) and mezlocillin (Baypen) were given to 3 healthy subjects
      as intravenous infusion. The dose of 4 g was administered to each person within
      5, 15, and 30 min in a randomized crossover design. Using HPLC the unchanged
      penicillin antibiotics were determined quantitatively, their metabolites were
      assessed qualitatively. The same specimens were also studied by means of a
      bioassay (agar diffusion technique). Both methods yielded similar serum and urine
      concentrations besides the urinary excretion of azlocillin. Here the bioassay
      measured higher amounts indicating an antibacterially active metabolite being
      excreted in the urine. No dependence upon infusion time was found. Since both
      drugs were tested with the same dosis in the same subjects, their pharmacokinetic
      parameters could be compared: mezlocillin, being more lipophilic than azlocillin,
      showed a higher volume of distribution and therefore lower serum concentrations.
      Renal clearance was the same for both drugs, but mezlocillin was excreted to a
      smaller extent in the urine. Higher total clearance and shorter elimination half
      life of mezlocillin indicate a greater extrarenal elimination. The results
      suggest fast application of both penicillins. There is no pharmacokinetic reason
      for a prolongation of infusion times.

PMID- 4026912
TI  - Single dose pharmacokinetics of tiaprofenic acid. Effects of food and severe
      renal insufficiency.
AB  - The single oral dose pharmacokinetics of tiaprofenic acid (Surgam) has been
      investigated in fasting and non-fasting healthy volunteers (200 and 300 mg) and
      in fasting patients with severe renal insufficiency (200 mg). A dose independent
      pharmacokinetics of tiaprofenic acid was shown in fasting healthy volunteers and
      the following parameters were calculated after administration of 200 mg: tl =
      0.53 +/- 0.15 h, tm = 1.28 +/- 0.19 h, cm = 27.1 micrograms/ml, ka = 2.79 +/-
      0.93 h-1, lambda 2 = 1.06 +/- 0.14 h-1, t1/2 = 3.0 +/- 0.2 h, AUCl-infinity = 80
      +/- 7 mg X h/l, Clt = 43.8 +/- 3.7 ml/min and V beta = 11.1 +/- 0.8 l. A small,
      but significant positive deviation from linearity was observed with increasing
      dose for cm and AUCl-infinity in non-fasting healthy volunteers, probably due to
      a slightly higher bioavailability of the 300 mg formulation in the non-fasting
      state as compared with the 200 mg formulation. Intake of food decreased cm
      significantly at both dosage levels from 27.1 to 19.1 micrograms/ml and from 47.9
      to 39.1 micrograms/ml for 200 and 300 mg, respectively. The absorption kinetics
      of tiaprofenic acid was not significantly different in fasting healthy volunteers
      and in fasting patients with severe renal insufficiency. However, a significant
      increase in t1/2 and AUCl-infinity to 5.8 +/- 0.9 h and 173 +/- 34 mg X h/l,
      respectively, and a significant decrease in total body clearance to 25.5 +/- 5.3
      ml/min were observed in this category of patients. No correlation was found
      between creatinine clearance and tiaprofenic acid clearance.

PMID- 4026913
TI  - Steady state pharmacokinetics of tiaprofenic acid in elderly patients.
AB  - Tiaprofenic acid (Surgam) steady state pharmacokinetics was investigated in eight
      elderly patients with three different dosage regimens: 200 mg twice daily, 400 mg
      twice daily and 200 mg three times daily. The following dose independent
      pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated from a two-compartment open model;
      absorption lag time: 0.23 +/- 0.08 h, absorption rate constant: 4.32 +/- 0.51 h
      1, distribution rate constant: 1.31 +/- 0.13 h-1 and elimination half-life: 4.66
      +/- 0.42. An increase in dose produced a significant and proportional increase in
      tiaprofenic acid peak and trough serum concentrations at steady state. In
      contrast to the above mentioned dose independent parameters, the area under the
      serum concentration-time curve showed a small (12%), but significantly higher
      increase than expected when the dosage regimen was increased from 200 mg X 2 to
      400 mg X 2. This was, however, considered to be of no clinical relevance.
      Anticipating a 19% reduction of tiaprofenic acid bioavailability due to the
      intake of food, approximations of total body clearance and apparent volume of
      distribution can be made to 30.0 +/- 2.0 ml/min and 11.8 +/- 2.0 l, respectively.
      In spite of the small disproportional increase (12%) observed in the area under
      the serum concentration-time curve, it can be concluded that tiaprofenic acid
      shows a well defined pharmacokinetics in old people with acceptable
      interindividual variations and with a fast building-up to constant and
      predictable steady state levels within the dosage regimens investigated. A linear
      relationship was demonstrated between creatinine clearance and tiaprofenic acid
      total body clearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4026914
TI  - Protein binding studies of furosemide and penbutolol.
AB  - Serum protein binding of furosemide and penbutolol, the active principles of
      Betasemid (Hoe 9358), was studied by equilibrium dialysis. Membranes from
      commercial dialysis tubes were used within commercially available cells. Serum
      drug and portion unbound in buffer were determined by quantitative thin-layer
      chromatography. In the range of 1-20 micrograms drug/ml serum, 96 +/- 0.3% of
      furosemide vs. 88 +/- 4% of penbutolol were bound to proteins. The same results
      were obtained, when the two substances simultaneously interacted with proteins.
      Thus, specific protein binding sites for both compounds were demonstrated. For
      both drugs, Scatchard plots revealed two classes of specific binding sites with
      statistical mean values/protein of 0.4 and 5 in the case of furosemide and 0.04
      and 0.3 in the case of penbutolol. Binding energies were 27.6 and 19.6 kJ/mol
      furosemide vs. 31.5 and 23.9 kJ/mol penbutolol. Further, serum protein binding of
      furosemide was studied by ultrafiltration. A micropartition system MPS-1 was
      used. Results were the same as those from equilibrium dialysis.

PMID- 4026915
TI  - Plasma protein binding of salicylic acid, phenytoin, chlorpromazine, propranolol
      and pethidine using equilibrium dialysis and ultracentrifugation.
AB  - The in vitro plasma protein binding of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin), salicylic
      acid, propranolol, pethidine (meperidine) and chlorpromazine was measured using
      an air-driven, bench-top ultracentrifuge and the results were compared with those
      obtained by equilibrium dialysis. For all drugs studied, except chlorpromazine, a
      significant correlation was found between the plasma binding results obtained by
      the two methods. However, only in the case of propranolol the actual binding
      values obtained by the two techniques were very similar. In the case of
      phenytoin, salicylic acid and pethidine, ultracentrifugation gave higher plasma
      binding values than equilibrium dialysis. Binding values obtained by the two
      methods for chlorpromazine were not correlated at all. This may be explained by
      binding of chlorpromazine to the very low density lipoprotein fraction which
      floats after ultracentrifugation. The described ultracentrifugation binding
      technique may be useful to rapidly measure the plasma binding of certain drugs in
      microsamples.

PMID- 4026916
TI  - Acute and subacute toxicity of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o
      difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1 ,4-dihydropyridine (PP-1466).
AB  - The acute and subacute oral toxicity of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o
      difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1,4 -dihydropyridine (PP-1466) was investigated in several
      animal species in comparison with nifedipine and nicardipine. A clear species
      difference in LD50 values was found in acute toxicity of PP-1466, and rabbits
      were the most sensitive between animal species used, then dogs, mice and rats in
      order. Prominent acute circulatory failure and associated secondary changes were
      noticed in toxic signs and autopsy findings. PP-1466 as well as nifedipine was
      apparently less toxic than nicardipine. In the subacute toxicity studies in rats,
      deaths occurred only in the 2000 mg/kg/d treated groups of both sexes of PP-1466
      and nifedipine. Major changes in various observations and examinations were
      focussed on the cardiovascular system and liver. On the cardiovascular system, it
      was revealed as congestion and hemorrhage in the various organs and tissues on
      autopsy finding in dead rats during the test period. A dose-dependent increase in
      heart weight was observed in rats sacrificed at the termination of the test
      period. On the liver, it was revealed as a dose-dependent increase in liver
      weight, changes in liver lipid levels, changes in several serum biochemistry
      parameters, such as GOT, GPT and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activities and lipid
      levels measured at the termination of the test period. These changes were
      toxicologically mild and functional except the autopsy findings in dead rats.
      Female rats were slightly more sensitive than males, and PP-1466 was slightly
      less toxic than nifedipine on subacute oral toxicity in rats.

PMID- 4026917
TI  - Prehepatic and hepatic first-pass metabolism of lorcainide in rats.
AB  - The systemic availability of 3H-lorcainide in rats was investigated following
      oral doses of 1.5 to 100 mg/kg. Systemic availability increased from 14 to about
      40% following the lowest and highest dose, respectively. Doses higher than 60
      mg/kg produced a less marked increase of the systemic availability. In rats with
      portacaval shunt following an oral dose of 1.5 or 7.5 mg/kg lorcainide a systemic
      availability of 47% was found, indicating substantial prehepatic first-pass
      metabolism of lorcainide. Systemic availability of total radioactivity was 53% in
      control rats and 90% in rats with portacaval shunt. Since the maximal systemic
      availability obtained by increasing the dose was found to be identical with that
      obtained in rats with portacaval shunt, it is suggested that increasing doses
      will saturate the presystemic metabolism in the liver but will not affect the
      fraction of the dose which is metabolized in the gut.

PMID- 4026918
TI  - Acetylcholine induces constriction of epicardial coronary arteries in
      anesthetized dogs after removal of endothelium.
AB  - The acetylcholine-induced relaxation of isolated coronary arteries is reversed to
      contraction in the absence of endothelium. The importance of endothelium for the
      regulation of coronary blood flow remains unclear. We thus tested the effects of
      acetylcholine on epicardial arteries and on coronary resistance vessels in situ
      in 8 anesthetized dogs. The left circumflex coronary artery was perfused at
      constant pressure. Epicardial vasomotion was evaluated by sonomicrometry, the
      vasomotion of coronary resistance vessels by calculated end-diastolic resistance.
      Acetylcholine (1 microgram/kg/min i.c.) decreased epicardial resistance by 8.6 +/
      1.6% and end-diastolic resistance by 65.8 +/- 6.3%. The epicardial coronary
      segment was perfused with distilled water for 65 +/- 5 s to denude it of
      endothelium. After removal of epicardial endothelium, the decrease in end
      diastolic resistance caused by acetylcholine was unchanged (59.6 +/- 1.2%);
      however, epicardial resistance was increased by 7.7 +/- 1.7%. Application of
      glyceryl trinitrate (5 micrograms/kg/min i.c.) induced a similar decrease of
      epicardial resistance before and after removal of endothelium:7.9 +/- 1.4 and 6.2
      +/- 1.9%, respectively. We conclude that acetylcholine-induced dilation of
      epicardial coronary arteries is endothelium-dependent in vivo. However, the
      constriction of epicardial coronary arteries in the absence of endothelium is
      insufficient to reduce blood flow and to induce myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 4026919
TI  - [Properties and efficacy of a human immunoglobulin M preparation for intravenous
      administration].
AB  - From Cohn fraction III a new immunoglobulin (Ig) preparation (Pentaglobin) was
      prepared. This preparation contains 72% IgG and is enriched in IgM (12%) and IgA
      (16%). Due to a treatment with beta-propiolactone it is suitable for intravenous
      application. This IgM-enriched immunoglobulin preparation is prominent in high
      antibody titers (passive hemagglutination) against gram-negative as well as gram
      positive germs and shows significantly higher efficacy in mouse protection tests
      than intravenous standard IgG. The high IgM content of this preparation in
      particular is responsible for the binding of bacterial antigens. Thus a marked
      advancement in the treatment of bacterial infections is to be expected by this
      new intravenously tolerable immunoglobulin preparation.

PMID- 4026920
TI  - Postnatal development of young rats following the treatment of the dams with
      sodium salicylate during late periods of pregnancy.
AB  - Female albino rats were treated with sodium salicylate dissolved in tap water
      orally by intubation. The first group received daily doses of 25, 75 or 150 mg/kg
      from day 15 through day 20 of pregnancy. The second group received daily doses of
      4.2, 12.5 or 25 mg/kg on day 20 and on day 21, i.e. the day of parturition.
      Administration of the intermediate and high doses caused a marked increase in the
      mortality rates of the young animals. However, the development of the surviving
      young rats was similar to the controls and no change in behaviour was noted.

PMID- 4026921
TI  - Comparison of various pharmaceutical preparations of prednicarbate after repeated
      topical administration to the skin of rats.
AB  - The following pharmaceutical preparations of prednicarbate (Hoe 777) were tested:
      fatty ointment 0.1% and 0.25%, ointment 0.1% and 0.25%, cream 0.1% and 0.25%,
      solution 0.25%. These pharmaceutical preparations were applied 10 times to the
      shorn back of male Sprague-Dawley rats. After sacrifice the following parameters
      were recorded: body weight, skin thickness as well as ultimate load, ultimate
      strain, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of excised skin strips.
      Soluble fractions of collagen (soluble in 0.15 and 0.5 molar NaCl solution and in
      citrate buffer) and insoluble collagen as well as total collagen/g fresh weight
      were determined. The values of the treated animals were compared with the values
      of untreated animals and animals treated with the individual base only. As found
      in earlier studies prednicarbate induced a slight decrease of body weight and
      skin thickness. Ultimate extension and ultimate load were only barely changed.
      There was, however, a dose-dependent increase of modulus of elasticity and
      tensile strength, due to treatment with prednicarbate. Simultaneously, an
      increase on insoluble collagen and of total collagen per g fresh weight was
      noted. These results confirm previous findings, indicating a positive correlation
      between tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of connective tissue with the
      content of insoluble collagen. The effects of ointment, fatty ointment and cream
      are very similar, nevertheless, they depend on the type of formulation applied.
      In the case of prednicarbate solution the dependence of the effects upon the
      formulation used is very obvious. The increase of tensile strength and modulus of
      elasticity as well as of insoluble collagen show that very impressively.

PMID- 4026922
TI  - [Rectal absorption of steroids].
AB  - The investigations were designed to evaluate the systemic absorption of two
      steroids from suppositories. The suppositories containing either 3H
      hydrocortisone (1 mg) or 3H-prednisolone-21-hexanoate (1 mg) were administered to
      a group of 4 baboons restrained in chairs. The levels of radio-activity in the
      plasma and urine were measured up to 120 h following rectal administration, and
      these levels were compared with those of a subsequent intravenous administration
      (1 mg each). The results show that both hydrocortisone (H) and prednisolone-21
      hexanoate (P) are rapidly (tmax = 2-3 h) and significantly (H: 60-78%, P: 47-58%)
      absorbed from suppositories and thus can also cause systemic effects.

PMID- 4026923
TI  - In vitro effects of ureidopenicillins on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - The in vitro effects of mezlocillin, azlocillin and piperacillin on chemotaxis
      and adhesivity of human leukocytes were comparatively studied. After incubation
      with all these antibiotics, chemotactic and adhesivity counts were similar to
      those of the antibiotic-free cells. Scanning electron microscope examination
      showed enlargement of surface and length measurements after incubation with
      azlocillin (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.001) and mezlocillin (P greater
      than 0.05 and P less than 0.05), while piperacillin produced no alteration. These
      findings could provide additional information in the study of
      leukocyte/antibiotics interactions.

PMID- 4026924
TI  - [The bioavailability of combination preparations of acetylsalicylic acid and
      codeine phosphate].
AB  - Plasma levels time curves of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, salicyluric
      acid and codeine were monitored after intravenous, oral and rectal application
      (single dose) of preparations containing acetylsalicylic acid and codeine. The
      mean absolute bioavailability of acetylsalicylic acid was 68% after oral
      application and 60% after rectal application. The corresponding bioavailability
      data of codeine were 59% and 63%, respectively.

PMID- 4026925
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of suprofen injection solution after
      intravenous application versus capsules on six healthy male volunteers.
AB  - In a three-way cross-over study six healthy male volunteers received
      intravenously 50 mg and 100 mg suprofen as a bolus injection and orally 200 mg as
      one capsule. The plasma level curves could be fitted to a two-compartimental
      model by means of the computer program NONLIN. The pharmacokinetic parameter
      estimates did not show dose dependency. The absolute bioavailability of suprofen
      taken as one capsule was 92.2% based on AUC-values and did not indicate a first
      pass effect. The plasma input curve was determined by point-area deconvolution.
      Assuming first order input a half-life of 23 min could be derived based on point
      area deconvolution. Different dissolution models based on USP XX are discussed in
      relation to the kinetic data generated.

PMID- 4026926
TI  - Binding of tiaprofenic acid to human sera and isolated serum proteins.
AB  - The serum protein binding of tiaprofenic acid (Surgam) has been investigated in
      vitro by equilibrium dialysis in a physiological buffer of pH 7.40 with a 14C
      labelled tiaprofenic acid isotope. The stability of labelled and unlabelled
      tiaprofenic acid was good during dialysis and an irregular distribution of 6%
      impurities in the 14C-labelled tiaprofenic acid isotope preparation was corrected
      for. No differences were found between elderly (74 +/- 4 yrs) and young (32 +/- 6
      yrs) individuals, both groups showing a serum protein binding of tiaprofenic acid
      of 99.0 +/- 0.15%. However, patients with impaired renal function (creatinine
      clearance 24 +/- 8 ml/min) showed a significantly lower binding of 98.5 +/-
      0.35%. Albumin was identified as the main tiaprofenic acid binding protein in
      human serum with a high affinity binding site characterized by an in vitro
      dissociation constant, KD, of 3.8 x 10(-6) mol/l and a number of available
      binding sites, n, of 0.34. Tiaprofenic acid was found not to be displaced from
      serum protein binding sites by other highly bound drugs. It is concluded that
      tiaprofenic acid protein binding is characterized by small interindividual
      variations, but that the decreased binding of tiaprofenic acid in patients with
      renal failure should be paid some attention to.

PMID- 4026928
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics of doxycycline and oxytetracycline in patients with
      hyperlipidemia.
AB  - This study examines the pharmacokinetics of lipophilic drug doxycycline
      (Vibramycin) and water-soluble antibiotic oxytetracycline hydrochloride
      (Oxyterracyna) in patients with hyperlipidemia type IIa and type IV according to
      Fredrickson. Antibiotics were administered orally as a single dose and determined
      in plasma by a fluorimetric method. The calculations were performed by aid of a
      computer. Increased concentrations of doxycycline were found; they were higher in
      type IIa, as compared with type IV. Area under the curve (AUC) and peak
      concentrations as well as rate constant for elimination in subjects with type IV
      were significantly elevated; volumes of distribution and total body clearance
      were markedly diminished. Decreased concentrations of oxytetracycline, area under
      the curve, peak concentration and rate constant for elimination were observed in
      patients with type IV. In both types of hyperlipidemia volume of distribution was
      increased and half-life in patients with type IV was significantly prolonged. The
      findings show that hyperlipidemia can be an important factor of drug action.
      Alterations of pharmacokinetics of lipophilic doxycycline and hydrophilic
      oxytetracycline were contrasting.

PMID- 4026927
TI  - Sulfadiazine versus sulfafurazole excretion in urine and risk of crystallization
      in children with conventional dosage regimen.
AB  - The excretion of sulfadiazine (Adiazin) (n = 8) and sulfafurazole (n = 8) in
      urine and the risk of crystallization were compared in children, 3-14 years of
      age. They suffered from acute urinary tract infection and were treated with
      conventional dosage regimen of either of the sulfonamides. Sulfadiazine (4 mg/kg
      twice daily, the initial dose 8 mg/kg) produced active serum drug levels which in
      relation to antimicrobial activity of sulphonamides corresponded to 25-30% of
      those obtained with sulfafurazole (50 mg/kg four times a day). In urine the
      corresponding sulfadiazine levels were 21-61% of those of sulfafurazole. In none
      of the urine fractions sulfadiazine concentrations exceeded the theoretical drug
      solubility but sulfafurazole exceeded this risk limit altogether in 4 urine
      fractions (2 patients). Urine sediment showed, however, sulfonamide crystals in
      only one urine fraction of the sulfafurazole group. The results suggest that with
      conventional dosage regimen sulfafurazole produces higher effective serum and
      urine drug concentrations in children than sulfadiazine but shows a higher risk
      to crystallize in urine.

PMID- 4026929
TI  - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of fenquizone in healthy volunteers.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic study of fenquizone (Idrolone), a thiazide-like diuretic, was
      conducted with single oral doses in 6 healthy volunteers. The substance thus
      administered was readily absorbed from the gut, with peak plasma levels being
      detected on average at 3 h after dosing; after that, plasma concentrations of
      fenquizone decreased biexponentially in a pattern fitting an open two-compartment
      model. Plasma half-life values were 1 h for phase alpha and 17 h for phase beta.
      The half-life calculated from urinary concentrations was 18 h. The apparent
      distribution volume for phase beta was 686 l; renal clearance was 220 ml/min, and
      the absorption constant (Ka) was 1055 h-1. Cumulative urinary excretion accounted
      for 53.1% of the administered dose in 72 h. Thus the pharmacokinetic profile of
      fenquizone was that of an "intermediate-acting" diuretic about half-way between
      the short-acting hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide and furosemide and the long
      acting chlorthalidone. In summation, fenquizone is described as a low-dosage
      diuretic apparently not conducive to accumulation; its pharmacokinetic profile
      qualifies the product particularly well for maintenance therapy, such as is
      needed for the management of essential hypertension, both as sole medication and
      in fixed-ratio combination with beta-blockers, and at any rate with once-a-day
      administration.

PMID- 4026930
TI  - Hearing aids: future prospects.

PMID- 4026931
TI  - Ageism. A negative view of the aged.

PMID- 4026932
TI  - Effect of post-mortem time on the biochemical composition of coronary arteries.
AB  - The effects of post-mortem autolysis on the biochemical composition of coronary
      intima-medias were studied by keeping the coronary arteries of 25 slaughterhouse
      pigs at +4 degrees C for periods up to 7 days. The samples were analysed for DNA,
      total protein, collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), free and esterified
      cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipid fractions, and fatty acid composition in
      various lipid classes. The content of sulphated GAGs decreased steadily, whereas
      that of hyaluronic acid remained unchanged. These alterations led to a
      significant decrease in the content of total GAGs and to an increase in the
      percentage of hyaluronic acid in total GAGs. The results indicate a continuous
      post-mortem degradation of arterial proteoglycans. After 7 days storage, there
      was a significant increase in the content of free fatty acids, and the
      composition of this fraction was changed by increases in the relative amounts of
      oleic and linoleic acids. These changes were accompanied by an increase in
      lysolecithin and a decrease in lecithin, which suggests a post-mortem action of
      arterial phospholipases.

PMID- 4026933
TI  - Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in cultured endothelial cells from capillaries and
      large vessels of human and bovine origin.
AB  - The [35S]glycosaminoglycans ([35S]GAG) synthesized by capillary endothelial cells
      were analyzed and compared to GAG synthesized by endothelial cells cultured from
      4 larger vessels. Two separate cultures of endothelial cells were established
      from bovine fat capillaries and from 4 larger vessels of human origin (umbilical
      vein) and bovine origin (pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and aorta). After
      incubation with 35SO4 for 72 h, the [35S]glycosaminoglycans (GAG) composition of
      the media, pericellular and cellular fractions of each culture were determined by
      selective degradation with nitrous acid, chondroitinase ABC and chondroitinase
      AC. All endothelial cells produced large amounts of [35S]GAG with increased
      proportions of heparinoids (heparan sulfate and heparin) in the cellular and
      pericellular fractions. Each culture showed a distinct distribution of [35S]GAG
      in the media, pericellular and cellular fractions with several specific
      differences found among the 5 cultures. The differences in GAG content were
      confirmed in a second group of separate cultures from each of the 5 vessels
      indicating that, although having several features of GAG metabolism in common,
      each endothelial cell culture demonstrated a characteristic complement of
      synthesized, secreted and cell surface-sulfated glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 4026934
TI  - Cholesterol-rich micelles in human plasma.

PMID- 4026935
TI  - The biochemical composition of haemodynamically stressed vascular tissue. Part 1.
      The lipid, calcium and DNA concentrations in experimental arteriovenous fistulae.
AB  - Experimental arteriovenous anastomoses were fashioned between the external
      jugular vein and the common carotid artery in sheep. The altered haemodynamics
      induced morphological changes, particularly in the venous tissue. Many of these
      alterations were similar to those seen in human atherosclerosis. Some of the
      biochemical compositional changes that occurred in such tissues are reported
      here. Whilst the serum cholesterol level was unaltered during the post-operative
      period, there was an increase in the free and total cholesterol content of the
      experimental vein but not of the artery. The serum triglyceride level
      approximately doubled but the tissue triglyceride rose on only the arterial side
      of the shunt. There was a decrease in the triglyceride level in the experimental
      vein. The calcium content showed a slight decrease in both experimental arterial
      and venous tissue although the drop was not statistically significant. The DNA
      concentration which was assayed so as to provide a measure of the cell density
      was about 1.5-2.0 times higher in the arterial tissue.

PMID- 4026936
TI  - Particle size distribution of high density lipoproteins as a function of plasma
      triglyceride concentration in human subjects.
AB  - Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis has been used to examine the particle
      size distribution of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in human subjects with a
      wide range of plasma triglyceride concentrations. In studies of groups of both
      male and female subjects, it was confirmed that the concentration of HDL
      cholesterol decreases with increasing plasma triglyceride concentration. The HDL
      fraction from subjects with elevated concentrations of plasma triglyceride was
      depleted of cholesteryl ester and enriched in triglyceride. It was also confirmed
      that the proportion of HDL subfraction 2 (HDL2) declines as the plasma
      triglyceride increases. A new finding was that there were also significant
      changes in the size of particles in HDL subfraction 3 (HDL3). At low
      concentrations of plasma triglyceride the predominant subpopulation of HDL3
      comprised particles of mean radius 4.3 nm. As the triglyceride concentration
      increased, however, there was a progressive appearance of HDL3 particles of
      radius 3.9 nm; in plasma samples with the highest concentrations of triglyceride
      there was an almost complete disappearance of the 4.3-nm particles, with the
      population of 3.9-nm particles now predominant.

PMID- 4026937
TI  - The effect of selective breeding on the development of coronary atherosclerosis
      in WHHL rabbits. An animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - To increase the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable
      hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia,
      selective breeding has been carried out. The results obtained are as follows: The
      incidence of coronary atherosclerosis before selective breeding was 21.8%,
      whereas that after the breeding was 58.9% (average values for rabbits between 4
      and 12 months old), showing that the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis can be
      increased by an appropriate breeding technique. With respect to the relationships
      between parents and offspring, if parents had coronary atherosclerosis, then the
      incidence of the disease in the offspring was 83.3%; therefore the disease was
      strongly heritable. The mean total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels
      of the colony before selective breeding were 579 +/- 163 mg/dl and 471 +/- 144
      mg/dl, respectively, while those after the breeding were 665 +/- 151 mg/dl and
      603 +/- 178 mg/dl; serum lipid levels increased in parallel with incidence of
      coronary atherosclerosis. The earliest development of coronary atherosclerosis in
      the colony after selective breeding was found in 4-month-old rabbits and the
      whole colony suffered from the disease at 18 months of age.

PMID- 4026938
TI  - High-affinity uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein by
      confluent human vascular endothelial cells.
AB  - Confluent human vascular endothelial cells take up and degrade acetylated low
      density lipoproteins (Ac-LDL) via a high-affinity binding process, comparable to
      that for native LDL. The degradation of 125I-labelled Ac-LDL by endothelial cells
      was inhibited by the addition of unlabelled Ac-LDL but not by the addition of
      unlabelled LDL. Similarly, the degradation of 125I-labelled LDL could be
      inhibited by unlabelled LDL but not by unlabelled Ac-LDL. Unlabelled
      apolipoprotein E-free HDL did not compete with the degradation of either 125I
      labelled LDL or Ac-LDL. Electron microscopical studies, using gold-labelled LDL
      and gold-labelled Ac-LDL, showed that at 4 degrees C both LDL and Ac-LDL bind to
      indented regions of the endothelial cell plasma membrane. At 37 degrees C both
      LDL and Ac-LDL were taken up and associated with lysosomes. Although
      morphologically identical, we conclude that the binding of LDL and Ac-LDL to
      human endothelial cells proceeds via 2 different high-affinity receptors. The
      uptake and degradation of Ac-LDL by human endothelial cells was about 25 and 15%,
      respectively, of that of native LDL. The uptake and degradation of either LDL or
      Ac-LDL did not lead to a massive increase in cellular cholesterol content.

PMID- 4026939
TI  - Chemical composition and physical state of lipid deposits in atherosclerosis.
AB  - The composition, morphology, and physical properties of lipids in atherosclerotic
      lesions from human aortas were studied in order to elucidate the factors for the
      accumulation of cholesterol and its esters in the vessel wall. Lesions were
      classified histologically into 3 groups: fatty streak, fibrous plaque, and
      advanced plaque. The relative lipid composition of the lesions was plotted on the
      phase diagram of the 3 major lipids: cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, and
      phospholipid. Early fatty streaks had compositions within the 2-phase zone with a
      cholesterol-phospholipid liquid crystalline phase and a cholesteryl ester oily
      phase. Advanced fatty streaks and fibro-fatty plaques fell within the 3-phase
      zone with excess free cholesterol. Advanced plaques also had an average lipid
      composition within the 3-phase zone, but with a larger excess of free
      cholesterol. From the lipid-chemical point of view there is a continuous
      progression from early fatty streaks through advanced fatty streaks and fibro
      fatty plaques to advanced plaques. In fatty streaks the cholesteryl esters
      accumulate in the form of isotropic and anisotropic droplets. The latter are in
      the smectic liquid crystalline state with the molecules arranged in layers and
      have surfaces that are spherical and smooth. Fibrous and advanced plaques showed
      beside droplets also amorphous lipids and cholesterol monohydrate crystals. Some
      of the amorphous lipids were solid up to about 45 degrees C and exhibited a
      smectic phase at cooling, indicating cholesteryl esters as the major component.
      The transition temperatures of high-melting cholesteryl esters, e.g. palmitate,
      are depressed by low-melting ones. Most of the triglycerides are present in the
      cholesteryl ester droplets and abolish the cholesteric liquid crystalline phase.

PMID- 4026940
TI  - [Toxicological characteristics of a methylacetylene-allene fraction].

PMID- 4026941
TI  - Management of the heel spur (syndrome).

PMID- 4026942
TI  - A decision tree approach to psychodiagnosis. The diagnosis of abnormal behaviour.

PMID- 4026943
TI  - The distribution of nuclear mass, volume and dimensions.
AB  - Our own measurements and a review of measurements presented in the literature
      showed that the mass, volume and dimensions of cell nuclei are distributed with a
      skew towards higher values, a distribution that can best be described as
      lognormal. The practical consequences of this finding suggest that the
      measurements of mass and of size should be plotted on a logarithmic scale while
      DNA values are appropriately presented on a linear scale. The distribution of DNA
      values of normal cells represents errors introduced by random disturbances in
      preparations and measurements.

PMID- 4026944
TI  - Ploidy pattern analysis. Statistical considerations.
AB  - Availability of large data sets of ploidy measurements makes it possible to study
      ploidy patterns for the diagnostic and prognostic clues they can provide.
      Appropriate statistical analyses can improve the accuracy and precision of these
      studies. Such statistical analyses include considerations of sample size
      requirements for the detection of different types of deviations from normal,
      analyses of sources of variability in ploidy patterns and assessment of the
      probabilities of both types of possible errors in patient classification. The
      advantages of statistical assessment in the classification of ploidy patterns
      associated with diagnostic categories are discussed in the context of these
      considerations.

PMID- 4026945
TI  - Test statistics for detecting aneuploidy and hyperdiploidy.
AB  - Possible approaches to the analytical evaluation of ploidy patterns are discussed
      and two specific problems are considered: detection of early onset of aneuploidy
      and detection of moderate hyperdiploidy. A statistical model for a euploid DNA
      pattern is formulated in terms of a mixture distribution. A test statistic for
      detecting deviations from this pattern is defined, and its performance is
      evaluated for simulated data representing differing degrees of severity of
      aneuploidy. An analysis based on a discriminant function using order statistics
      of the sample cumulative distribution functions is proposed for detecting
      hyperdiploidy. This procedure has the advantage of being relatively distribution
      free; its performance is evaluated for simulated data and is compared with that
      of its classical counterparts. Although the results reported are only
      preliminary, they indicate that tailor-made statistical analyses can provide
      early detection of aneuploidy and hyperdiploidy with known and acceptable error
      rates using clinically reasonable sample sizes.

PMID- 4026946
TI  - Multinomial distributions in ploidy analysis.
AB  - Ploidy patterns can be summarized in the form of a vector of proportions
      representing the frequency of occurrence of DNA contents in specified intervals.
      Data represented in this way can be analyzed statistically using the multinomial
      distribution. Properties of the multinomial distribution and computational
      difficulties that arise in its application are considered. Special problems
      involved in formulating hypothesis tests and confidence regions for multivariate
      discrete distributions are discussed in the context of evaluating vectors of
      proportions representing DNA ploidy patterns. Construction of tailor-made
      critical regions for detecting specific types of deviations from normal ploidy
      patterns is proposed, and a detailed example is given. In this example, two
      critical regions are compared: a standard critical region, consisting of cases
      whose probability of occurrence is small, and a diagnostic critical region,
      consisting of cases considered to be clinically indicative of abnormality.
      Advantages of the diagnostic critical region are noted.

PMID- 4026947
TI  - Cytophotometry of breast carcinoma. Acridine-orange DNA microfluorimetry with
      Giemsa counterstain.
AB  - Investigations have suggested that a correlation exists between DNA ploidy levels
      and prognosis in human breast carcinoma. Nuclear DNA content can be studied by
      flow cytometry or cytophotometric analysis. While both methods yield comparable
      results for DNA distribution, cytophotometry has the advantage of permitting both
      quantitative cell measurements and cytomorphologic identification of tumor cells.
      Microfluorimetric analysis of nuclear DNA content was carried out on acridine
      orange-stained imprint smears of malignant breast tumors, with the DNA values
      plotted as a histogram distribution. Quantitative fluorescence measurements of
      breast carcinoma cells using the acridine-orange stain appeared to be a fairly
      rapid and simple method for DNA determination as compared to Feulgen DNA
      analysis. Following cytometric measurements, imprint smears were counterstained
      by the Giemsa stain and examined by cytomorphologic criteria. With the Giemsa
      counterstain, the same cytologic preparation could be studied both by
      quantitative cell measurements and by conventional cytomorphologic criteria.
      Results are illustrated, and possible implications of the use of this method in
      the study of tumor behavior and the diagnosis by cytologic methods are discussed.

PMID- 4026948
TI  - Ploidy measurements by high-resolution cytometry.
AB  - Technology has made DNA ploidy assessment a clinically and economically feasible
      procedure, 30 years after its clinical potential was established. This paper
      reviews the history of ploidy measurements, DNA cytophotometry, DNA
      interpretation and the prognostic value of nuclear DNA analysis in various
      anatomic sites. Emphasis is placed on static high-resolution cytometry, not flow
      cytometric methods, with a description given of the systems for rapid DNA
      cytometry developed as part of the TICAS Project at the University of Chicago.

PMID- 4026949
TI  - Ploidy levels in nonneoplastic and neoplastic thyroid cells.
AB  - DNA levels in nonneoplastic and neoplastic human thyroid cells were studied by
      slide-cytophotometric and flow-cytophotometric techniques. Normal epithelial
      thyroid cells and cells from nonneoplastic thyroid disorders, i.e., toxic goiter,
      colloid goiter and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, had euploid (diploid,
      polyploid) DNA levels. The same was the case for benign tumors. Malignant tumors
      had either euploid DNA levels, indistinguishable from those in nonneoplastic and
      benign neoplastic cell populations, or aneuploid DNA levels. Taking into account
      the histopathologic diagnosis, clinical course and DNA level, the results
      indicate that DNA measurements in thyroid gland lesions are of limited diagnostic
      help but may contribute valuable prognostic information. To obtain representative
      and accurate DNA measurements, combined slide-cytophotometric and flow
      cytophotometric techniques should be used.

PMID- 4026950
TI  - Interocular transfer in the pigeon after lesions of the dorsal supraoptic
      decussation.
AB  - Pigeons trained to discriminate between visual stimuli in a key-pecking task
      normally show excellent interocular transfer of training (IOT) when trained with
      only one eye and then tested with the 'naive' eye. When the dorsal supraoptic
      decussation (DSO) was sectioned and pigeons were then trained monocularly to peck
      at keys in an interocular transfer experiment, they failed to show normal IOT of
      a simultaneous horizontal-vertical discrimination. In contrast, another group of
      pigeons, in which the DSO was sectioned after they had already learned the
      discrimination with one eye covered, showed excellent IOT postoperatively when
      the blindfold was moved to the other eye. Since the pigeon uses the normally
      binocular portion of its retina to scan the discriminative stimuli in a key
      pecking task and the DSO carries converging binocular input from the
      retinorecipient zone of the thalamus to the visual Wulst, the results suggest
      that IOT in the pigeon is the simple consequence of information reaching both
      hemispheres from a single eye via converging binocular pathways. Thus, cutting
      the DSO before training with the first eye eliminates IOT whereas cutting it
      after training with the first eye does not (since information has already reached
      the two hemispheres from the normally binocular portion of that eye). These
      findings complement earlier work showing that IOT is absent in normal pigeons in
      those situations in which they scan the discriminative stimuli with the monocular
      portion of their visual fields.

PMID- 4026951
TI  - Striatal influence on ingestive behaviour in the cat.
AB  - In freely moving cats with chronically implanted electrodes an analysis was made
      of the effects on feeding behaviour of low-frequency long-duration stimulation of
      the caudate nucleus, the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus. In all 3
      structures a significant reduction of food intake was observed and in the
      pallidus this reached the point of a complete block of feeding. The effects were
      always limited to the period of stimulation. At the end of stimulation the
      animals recovered and took in food quantities equal to those of controls. The
      results are interpreted on the basis of reciprocal connections between the basal
      ganglia and the hypothalamus; the role of the striatum on the selection of
      certain movements and its possible involvement in behaviour is also discussed.

PMID- 4026952
TI  - Comparative characteristics of unit activity in the prefrontal and parietal areas
      during delayed performance in monkeys.
AB  - Neuronal mechanisms of prefrontal and parietal areas were compared in 3 monkeys
      during delayed performance. Spatioselective neurons were found in both areas in
      question. In the prefrontal cortex, they constitute 28% of all units sampled and
      in the parietal cortex they account for 21%. For the prefrontal area, spatial
      selectivity was particularly great during the delay (8%), and in the parietal
      area during the cue display (9%). During the delay, however, spatioselective
      parietal neurons accounted for 4% of all units sampled, i.e. their number was
      half that in the prefrontal area. The prefrontal cortex appears to play a major
      role in short-term memory proper, whereas the parietal area is more involved in
      assessing spatial relationships of emerging sensory stimuli. Spatioselective
      neurons of both areas were heterogeneous in their functions. Activity of some
      (11% in the prefrontal and 10% in the parietal area) was related only to the cue
      location. Activity of others (13% in the prefrontal cortex and 8% in the parietal
      cortex) was moreover coupled with the forthcoming movement. With lengthening of
      the delay, units related to the established temporal stereotype and some labile
      units which quickly rearranged to a new temporal task were recorded. Thus
      association area neurons reflect two concurrent processes linked with spatial and
      temporal memories. During cue displays, it is not only their spatial location
      that is described, but also a future motor act with its temporal and spatial
      properties programmed.

PMID- 4026953
TI  - Visuomotor strategies in pattern discrimination learning in rats.
AB  - Normal rats were trained on a series of visual tilt discriminations ordered from
      simple to difficult to measure their angular difference thresholds. The
      stereotyped visuomotor running pattern which the animal made was recorded for all
      angular differences binocularly and whilst the animal was monocularly patched.
      The results show that the running pattern does not reflect visual guidance
      strategies and can produce a visual field bias for the field ipsilateral to the
      preferred approach side.

PMID- 4026954
TI  - Aldehyde dehydrogenase content and composition of human liver.
AB  - Human liver contains only four proteins which catalyze dehydrogenation of
      acetaldehyde; two of these are tetrameric with MW of 220,000 and are structurally
      related. These enzymes were purified previously to homogeneity and are now known
      as the cytoplasmic E1 and mitochondrial E2. The other two proteins do not appear
      to be structurally related to E1 and E2. The recently isolated E4 enzyme is a
      dimer of MW of ca. 175,000; the E3 may be a polymorphic enzyme. The Enzyme
      Commission classification for E1 and E2 is EC 1.2.1.3, that for E4 is at present
      uncertain since its Michaelis constants for short chain aldehydes are high,
      making it unlikely that these would be its natural substrates. The relationship
      between E3 and E4 is also uncertain. Employing a suitably designed assay, E1 and
      E2 are assayed as "low Km" enzymes while E3 and E4 are assayed as "high Km"
      enzymes. Therefore by employing such an assay, combined with electrofocusing
      procedure, an assessment of enzyme content and composition of aldehyde
      dehydrogenase in human liver can be made.

PMID- 4026955
TI  - Aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism and alcohol metabolism in alcoholics.
AB  - Significant differences in the incidence of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme I
      deficiency were observed between healthy controls and alcoholics in Japan. Only
      about 5% of alcoholics were found deficient as compared to about 42% in the
      normal healthy population. Blood acetaldehyde level after alcohol drinking was
      also found significantly higher in deficient subjects than in individuals without
      deficiency. Among alcoholics, deficient subjects showed relatively less elevated
      blood acetaldehyde levels. When two districts in Japan were compared, per capita
      alcohol consumption correlated with the frequency of isozyme deficiency. Higher
      percentage of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme deficiency was associated with lower
      per capita alcohol consumption. Thus, individuals deficient in aldehyde
      dehydrogenase isozyme may consume less alcohol.

PMID- 4026956
TI  - Polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase and ethanol elimination.
AB  - The influence of polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) on ethanol
      elimination was investigated. Japanese healthy male volunteers were divided into
      two groups, i.e., a normal ALDH group of 52 subjects with the low Km isozyme of
      ALDH, and a deficient group of 48 subjects without it. The subjects of the normal
      group were given 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 or 2.0 g/kg of ethanol, while those in the
      deficient group ingested 0.4, 0.8 or 1.2 g/kg of ethanol. Widmark's factors (beta
      60, Co and r) and ethanol elimination rate (ER) were compared between the two
      groups. In the deficient group, beta 60 and ER were not clearly elevated with the
      increase of ethanol dose, while those in the normal ALDH group increased
      depending on the blood ethanol level. Blood acetaldehyde level was elevated with
      the increase of the ethanol dose in the deficient group, but not in the normal
      group. In the experiment of the repeated ingestion of ethanol in the deficient
      group, the second peak of blood acetaldehyde level was lower than that of the
      first one.

PMID- 4026957
TI  - Regulation of the formation of stable adducts between acetaldehyde and blood
      proteins.
AB  - Recent reports have described increased levels of a fast-moving hemoglobin (Hb)
      fraction in alcoholic patients and formation in vitro of stable adducts between
      acetaldehyde and Hb as well as between acetaldehyde and albumin. In the present
      study, we have found that factors other than acetaldehyde concentration can
      influence the rate of stable adduct formation. HbAo was purified and its 2,3
      diPglycerate removed by dialysis. Under anaerobic condition and at 37 degrees,
      acetaldehyde (5 microM) reacted with deoxyHbAo to form 0.26 +/- 0.02 (+/- SEM)
      nmol of stable adduct/149 nmol Hb in 2 hr. By comparison, acetaldehyde reacted
      more slowly with oxyHbAo and carbonylHbAo; the rates were 0.21 +/- 0.01 (p less
      than 0.001) and 0.18 +/- nmol/149 nmol Hb/2 hr (p less than 0.001), respectively.
      Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (50-500 microM), under anaerobic condition, inhibited by
      36-56 percent the irreversible binding of acetaldehyde to deoxyHbAo. Ascorbic
      acid (2.5-10 mM) increased by 31-46 percent (p less than 0.001) the irreversible
      binding of acetaldehyde to human serum albumin and by 8-10 percent (p less than
      0.05) the irreversible reaction of acetaldehyde with serum proteins. We conclude
      that the nonenzymatic binding of acetaldehyde to Hb, human serum albumin and
      serum proteins is influenced by factors other than acetaldehyde concentration.
      These factors include oxygen tension, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and ascorbic acid.
      Among these factors, oxygen tension may be the most important in vivo.

PMID- 4026958
TI  - The measurement of 2,3-butanediol and 1,2-propanediol in "flushing" and "non
      flushing" Japanese.
AB  - Seven Japanese medical students, three "flushers" and four "non-flushers," were
      given 0.5 g ethanol/kg body weight PO in an attempt to assess whether elevated
      body acetaldehyde can account for 2,3-butanediol production in humans. Blood was
      taken from the anticubital vein immediately prior to, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min
      after ingestion of ethanol. No difference in the two groups was observed in 2,3
      butanediol or in 1,2-propanediol. Measured 1,2-propanediol was in the normal
      range in both groups. No 2,3-butanediol was detected in any of the subjects.

PMID- 4026959
TI  - Decreased Fc-receptor binding in human monocytes exposed to ethanol in vitro.
AB  - Human blood monocytes were incubated with or without ethanol (14 mM-220 mM,
      initial concentration) in non-sealed wells in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air for
      various time periods. The actual ethanol concentration was assayed in the media
      at the beginning and at the end of each incubation period. No change in ethanol
      content was found after 5 or 15 min incubation, while a reduction to about 70% of
      the initial concentration was observed after 6 hr incubation. Binding of IgG
      opsonized particles to the Fc-receptors was tested after ethanol exposure of the
      cells. An initial concentration of 14 or 28 mM ethanol caused no difference from
      controls, neither did incubation in 55 mM ethanol for 5 min. Monocyte incubated
      in 55 mM ethanol for 15 min showed reduced binding of particles, and further
      reduction was obtained by increasing the ethanol concentration. Six hr incubation
      in 55 mM ethanol caused no further reduction in binding capacity. Reduced binding
      of test particles to Fc-receptors after ethanol incubation was demonstrated with
      variable amounts of test particles, as well as variable length of the binding
      assay period. There was no change in viability, morphology or spreading ability
      of the monocytes after ethanol treatment.

PMID- 4026961
TI  - First pass metabolism of ethanol: an important determinant of blood levels after
      alcohol consumption.
AB  - Alcohol consumption by rats fed ethanol-containing liquid diets is considerably
      greater than the measured rate of ethanol elimination from the blood, suggesting
      that a significant fraction of the alcohol ingested does not enter the systemic
      circulation. To assess the possibility of a first pass metabolism of ethanol, we
      compared the areas under the blood ethanol concentration curves after
      administration of various doses through various routes in alcohol-fed and control
      rats. In both groups, blood ethanol concentrations were significantly lower after
      intragastric than after intraportal or intravenous (femoral) administrations and,
      to a lesser extent, than after an intraduodenal dose. By contrast, the rise in
      blood acetate, a product of ethanol oxidation, was faster after intragastric
      administration. Moreover, absorption of the ethanol dose was virtually complete
      at the time of ethanol disappearance from the blood. The fraction of the dose
      that did not enter the systemic circulation was proportionally greater with the
      smaller doses. These results indicate that there is a significant first pass
      metabolism of ethanol which takes place in the gastrointestinal tract and
      particularly in the stomach, where alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity is the
      highest. Chronic alcohol administration decreased ADH activity (probably
      secondary to gastric mucosal injury) and also decreased the magnitude of the
      first pass metabolism. The amount of ethanol ingested which does not enter the
      systemic circulation accounts for the apparent dissociation between alcohol
      consumption, blood ethanol levels and rate of blood ethanol elimination in
      alcohol-fed animals.

PMID- 4026960
TI  - Effects of ethanol on platelet function.
AB  - To obtain evidence for an ethanol mediated disruption of hemostasis we compared
      the effects of acute and chronic ethanol ingestion on platelet reactivity. Since
      ADP may be important for hemostasis in vivo it was used to induce platelet
      aggregation in platelet-rich plasma. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formed during the
      aggregation was measured by radioimmunoassay. Ethanol (1.5 g/kg) given to 8
      healthy non-alcoholic male volunteers increased platelet reactivity to ADP and
      the associated TXB2 formation rose from 289 +/- 60 (mean +/- SE) to 984 +/- 263
      fmol/10(7) platelets (p less than 0.025). The effects lasted for as long as
      ethanol was present in blood. In 13 non-cirrhotic male alcoholics the withdrawal
      of ethanol caused a 4-fold increase in TXB2 formation within one week but the
      basal levels before ethanol withdrawal were the same as in controls. These
      findings are discussed in relation to the higher risk of brain infarction seen in
      alcoholics and even associated with binge drinking. Further studies are needed to
      establish the effects of ethanol on prostacyclin formation.

PMID- 4026962
TI  - Varying rates of alcohol metabolism in relation to detoxification medication.
AB  - Fifteen patients admitted for alcohol dependency had serial blood alcohol levels
      drawn. The rate of metabolism was calculated a number of different ways and this
      was compared to the amount of Librium required for the initial period of
      withdrawal. It was found that the alcoholics' average metabolism was 26.6
      mg%/hour. Although there was a tendency for those with high initial blood alcohol
      levels to have faster metabolisms, there was not a significant correlation
      between the two features. There was correlation between the amount of Librium
      used in the initial period of detoxification and the initial blood alcohol
      concentration.

PMID- 4026963
TI  - Analysis and subcellular localization of lipid in alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - The nature and subcellular distribution of lipids in alcoholic liver disease have
      been little studied. Micro-methods for lipid analysis were applied to needle
      biopsy homogenates and their subcellular fractions. Alcoholic fatty liver was
      accompanied by a major increase (up to 50 fold) in triglyceride and a smaller (2
      3 fold) increase in cholesteryl ester: there was no significant change in the
      free cholesterol, free fatty acid or phospholipid content. Homogenates were
      fractionated into macro- and micro-droplets and membrane fractions by
      differential centrifugation. The subcellular location of the membrane lipids were
      determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in a vertical pocket
      reorientating rotor. In fatty liver, although there was a 2-3 fold increase in
      macro-droplet and micro-droplet (tentatively identified as VLDL) lipid, the major
      increase was in the membrane-bound triglyceride (8-10 fold). Sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation demonstrated that these membranes had an equilibrium
      density of 1.12 g/ml, clearly separated from droplet lipid, density less than
      1.04 g/ml. The membrane fraction was tentatively identified as Golgi in origin
      and it is suggested that alcoholic fatty liver in man is due to impaired Golgi
      secretion of triglyceride-rich lipid complexes.

PMID- 4026964
TI  - Hepatic hemodynamics in alcoholic liver injuries assessed by reflectance
      spectrophotometry.
AB  - We have investigated the hepatic hemodynamics by reflectance spectrophotometry in
      patients with alcoholic liver disease. The analysis of 32 cases has shown that
      the estimated regional hepatic tissue blood hemoglobin concentration, expressed
      as a difference in absorbance between 569 and 650 nm (delta Er569-650), decreased
      significantly with progress of fibrosis in the liver, suggesting the relative
      compression of the vascular compartment due to the progress of alcoholic liver
      disease. The estimated hepatic oxygen consumption also decreased with progress of
      fibrosis in the liver. The estimated hepatic oxygen consumption correlated
      positively with prothrombin time and serum albumin level, and negatively with the
      fifteen minute retention rate of indocyanine green. Thus, it is concluded that
      the imbalance between supply and utilization of oxygen in the liver may have an
      important role in the progress of alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 4026965
TI  - Effect of ethanol and iron on the hepatic and biliary levels of glutathione and
      lipid peroxidative indexes.
AB  - Data presented here indicate that iron exposure exacerbates the changes in the
      glutathione status of the liver cell and the lipid peroxidative response of the
      tissue induced by acute ethanol intoxication. In these conditions, additivity in
      lipid peroxidation was found to occur either when the process was estimated by
      hepatic malondialdehyde formation, as well as by measurements of the biliary
      malondialdehyde release in the anesthetized rat and by the antioxidant-sensitive
      respiration in the perfused rat liver, procedures which are non-invasive for the
      tissue.

PMID- 4026966
TI  - Effect of alcohol ingestion on portal venous blood flow in healthy volunteers:
      comparison between the subjects with and without ALDH I isozyme.
AB  - Effect of alcohol ingestion (25 g ethanol) on portal venous blood flow was
      investigated in healthy subjects using an ultrasonic pulsed doppler method. It
      was found that; (1) portal blood flow increased by 24% at 30 minutes and returned
      to the basal level at 60 minutes after alcohol ingestion; (2) there was no
      significant difference in the effect of alcohol ingestion on portal blood flow
      between the subjects with and without ALDH I isozyme; (3) blood ethanol levels
      correlated with portal blood flow at 30 minutes after alcohol ingestion, while
      this correlation was not observed at 60 minutes thereafter; and (4) blood
      acetaldehyde levels did not correlate with portal blood flow either at 30 minutes
      or at 60 minutes following alcohol ingestion. In conclusion, the portal blood
      flow increases following alcohol ingestion which is not associated with the
      increase in the blood acetaldehyde level.

PMID- 4026967
TI  - Chemiluminescence and superoxide dismutase in the plasma in patients with
      alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver injuries.
AB  - The chemiluminescence level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were
      determined in the plasma of patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver
      injuries. Chemiluminescence level was significantly higher in alcoholics than in
      non-alcoholics. It increased significantly in patients with fatty livers and had
      a tendency to increase with the progression of alcoholic liver injury from a
      fatty liver to liver cirrhosis. Mn-SOD activity was elevated in patients with
      alcoholic liver injuries. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between
      the levels of plasma chemiluminescence and plasma Mn-SOD activity. The increases
      in chemiluminescence and Mn-SOD activity suggests that the generation of a large
      amount of activated oxygen is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of
      alcoholic liver injury in humans.

PMID- 4026968
TI  - Acute ethanol ingestion by humans and subacute treatment of rats increase urinary
      folate excretion.
AB  - Previous studies with rats showed that acute treatment with ethanol (4 g/kg)
      produce a marked increase in urinary folate levels, followed by a decrease in
      plasma folate levels. Analogous studies with human volunteer subjects using a
      lower dose of ethanol showed that there were small, but statistically significant
      increases in urinary folate levels after four hours. The initial ethanol dose was
      1.0 g/kg with a single supplement of 0.1-0.2 g/kg to maintain ethanol blood
      levels at about 100 mg/dl for six hours. Further studies with rats were designed
      to test the cumulative effects of repeated daily doses of ethanol. Male Sprague
      Dawley rats were treated for 1, 2, 3, or 4 days either with ethanol orally in 4
      doses of 1 g/kg each at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours or with glucose orally in 4
      isocaloric doses. Urine was collected at timed intervals up to 12 hours after
      each daily dose. The pattern of the increase in urinary folate levels was similar
      in all groups, whether treated for 1, 2, 3 or 4 days. These results suggest that
      repeated ethanol treatment can lead to a marked cumulative folate loss via
      increased urinary excretion and that increased urinary folate excretion may
      contribute to the development of folate deficiency in humans.

PMID- 4026969
TI  - Spontaneous recovery from ethanol-induced male infertility.
AB  - Chronic ethanol ingestion by the male is associated with reproductive impairment.
      No longitudinal studies have been carried out to determine the recovery of
      ethanol-related reproductive failure subsequent to moderate periods of
      abstinence. An animal model (C57B1 mouse) was utilized to examine the
      effectiveness of abstinence for reversal of ethanol-induced reproductive failure.
      After treatment with either a 5% ethanol diet (10 weeks) or a 6% ethanol diet (5
      weeks), animals were hemicastrated (right testis and accessory organs); their
      reproductive tracts and epididymal spermatozoa were examined. Ingestion of the 5%
      and 6% ethanol diets resulted in significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased
      testicular weights (24% and 28%, respectively) and seminal vesicle/prostate
      weights (20%, 6% diet only), increased frequencies of germ cell desquamation
      (480% and 400%), inactive seminiferous tubules (186% and 567%) and inhibition of
      in vitro fertilization of mouse oocytes by epididymal spermatozoa (26% and 62%),
      as compared to their respective pair-fed control values. Also observed was a
      significant decrease in total motile spermatozoa (85%, 6% diet only). Improvement
      in all parameters was observed in the contralateral reproductive organs
      subsequent to ten weeks abstinence. Only germ cell desquamation remained
      significantly elevated (100% as compared to control) in animals that ingested the
      5% diet. In contrast, significant abnormalities persisted ten weeks after
      treatment with the 6% ethanol diet, including increased germ cell desquamation
      (200%) and inactive seminiferous tubules (157%); decreased forward progression
      (17%) of epididymal sperm also persisted. If these data can be applied
      clinically, male alcoholic patients with reproductive disorders could have a
      prognosis of at least partial recovery following moderate periods of abstinence
      from ethanol.

PMID- 4026970
TI  - Contingent tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of alcohol.
AB  - Ethanol (1.5 g/kg) administered intraperitoneally to kindled rats blocked the
      seizures normally elicited in these subjects by electrical stimulation of the
      amygdala. Tolerance to this anticonvulsant effect developed following a series of
      ethanol intubations delivered at 48-hr intervals only when an amygdaloid
      stimulation was administered during each period of ethanol intoxication. Subjects
      stimulated 1 hr following each intubation were tolerant to the intraperitoneal
      test dose after only five intubations (2 g/kg), whereas those stimulated 1 hr
      prior to each intubation displayed no tolerance during the course of 20 such
      trials. Even at high intubation doses (5 g/kg), significant levels of tolerance
      to the anticonvulsant effect of the intraperitoneal test dose were not observed
      in subjects unstimulated during each period of post-intubation intoxication.
      These findings emphasize the important role of response contingency in ethanol
      tolerance; tolerance develops readily for only those effects of alcohol that
      repeatedly manifest themselves during the periods of ethanol exposure.

PMID- 4026971
TI  - Hyperventilation, anxiety, craving for alcohol: a subacute alcohol withdrawal
      syndrome.
AB  - Hyperventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis is part of the acute alcohol
      withdrawal syndrome On the basis of clinical observations and a literature review
      on withdrawal symptoms the following was hypothesized: (a) hyperventilation is
      also part of a subacute alcohol withdrawal syndrome and (b) hyperventilation
      appears together with anxiety and craving for alcohol. These hypotheses were
      tested in a sample of 37 male alcoholic inpatients, abstinent for periods from
      several weeks to 9 months. Subjects were administered a questionnaire dealing
      with drinking history and craving for alcohol during abstinence, the Spielberger
      Anxiety Inventory and a hyperventilation complaint checklist. Subjects'
      disposition to hyperventilation was assessed during a physiological measurement
      session. Results show that hyperventilatory symptoms, anxiety and craving for
      alcohol appear together. Moreover, the severity of hyperventilatory and anxiety
      symptomatology is positively correlated with the duration of physically dependent
      alcohol use but not with the duration of excessive drinking per se, irrespective
      of age. These results corroborate the hypotheses outlined before.

PMID- 4026972
TI  - Individual alcohol reaction profiles.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate interindividual variation in acute
      reactions to ethanol. Six young, healthy female subjects participated in a double
      blind experiment consisting of two identical alcohol sessions and one control
      session where glucose was infused instead of ethanol. Alcohol was infused in a
      standardized way to reach blood alcohol concentration of 1 mg/ml in 1 hr. During
      the 4 hr-sessions EEG-spectra, smooth pursuit eye movements, various mood
      variables, BAC and breath alcohol concentrations were studied repeatedly. The
      results showed that the subjects had a rather repeatable, individual reaction
      profile as expressed by changes in alpha mean frequency, theta band power, amount
      of corrective eye movements and subjective intoxication. The sensitivity of the
      subject to ethanol should thus be expressed as a reaction profile rather than as
      a change in a single variable.

PMID- 4026973
TI  - The myth of "the average alcohol response".
AB  - The human alcohol response literature often states or implies that there is
      little variation among normal individuals in their responses to a standard dose.
      To test this assumption, a wide variety of alcohol responses was reviewed in
      studies where the original, individual responses were available. All such
      responses showed variability among individuals. Seven alcohol responses
      (individual changes from pre-alcohol baseline in heart rate, systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure, automobile driving ability, and three tests for
      intoxication) in normal males are analyzed in detail. Each response shows marked,
      significant individual variability. Genetic differences among individuals (in
      addition to environmental differences) are probably important in producing this
      variability. Since normal persons can vary greatly in their alcohol responses, it
      is not only incomplete but misleading to give only the mean value. Information on
      the range and frequency distribution of responses is also needed.

PMID- 4026975
TI  - Language processing in men at risk for alcoholism: an event-related potential
      study.
AB  - Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from a group of men with (FH+) and
      without (FH-) a family history of alcoholism. ERPs were recorded over the left
      and right cerebral hemispheres and over midline locations while subjects
      performed a letter rhyming task. The ERPs to the letters displayed major group
      differences in a negative component with a latency of 430 msec (N430). The
      amplitude of N430 was significantly smaller in the FH+ as compared to the FH-
      subjects. These group differences were more pronounced in ERPs recorded from over
      the right than the left hemisphere. In addition, in the FH+ group only the
      latency of N430 was linearly related to personal drinking habits. These results
      suggest that (1) certain brain functions associated with the language processing
      required in this task are different in men at high and low risk for the
      development of alcoholism and (2) moderate social use of ethanol may have more
      pronounced effects on language-relevant brain functions in FH+ than in FH-
      individuals.

PMID- 4026974
TI  - Drinking style of parents of alcoholic and control probands.
AB  - One aspect of the familial component of alcoholism is the use of alcohol among
      the parents of affected individuals. Both the individual and concordant drinking
      styles of the parents of 291 inpatient alcoholic probands and 71 non-alcoholic
      control subjects were measured using family history methods. Social drinking was
      almost twice as prevalent among fathers of controls compared to fathers of
      alcoholics. Problem drinking was more than twice as prevalent among the fathers
      of alcoholics compared to fathers of controls. The abstinence rate for fathers of
      both groups was similar. Mothers' drinking styles were similar to the fathers'
      pattern for both groups. Concordance of drinking style in the parental pair was
      examined. Similarity in drinking style for the parents of control probands was
      greatest for social drinking. For parents of alcoholic probands high concordance
      was also found by problem drinking. Overall a great similarity in drinking style
      was found for the parents of control probands compared to the parents of
      alcoholic probands.

PMID- 4026976
TI  - The influence of alcohol abuse as a hidden contributor to mortality.
AB  - Although only about 2-3 percent of annual deaths are attributed to one of the
      four underlying causes linked to chronic alcohol use, research results suggest
      that the impact of alcohol is much greater. The recent issue of mortality
      multiple cause of death tapes from National Center for Health Statistics permit
      exploration of associations of chronic alcohol abuse with conditions coded as
      underlying cause of death and provide leads for case-finding. Data analysis is
      reported from certificates of resident deaths in the United States in 1978. There
      are 12 groups of underlying causes for which the percentage of pairings with
      chronic alcohol abuse ranges from 4-16 percent of the number of deaths from the
      underlying cause. Age, sex, and metropolitan status of residence are associated
      with a listing of chronic alcohol abuse among decedents of liver cancer, varicose
      veins, symptomatic heart disease, septicemia, and respiratory system disease.
      Planners concerned with secondary prevention can use these clues provided by
      logistic regression modelling as an aid in case-finding.

PMID- 4026977
TI  - Impact of changes in distilled spirits availability on alcohol distribution.
AB  - An important change in the distribution and availability of distilled spirits in
      North Carolina has resulted from a move to liquor-by-the-drink. Previously
      drinkers had to plan to bring distilled spirits with them to eating
      establishments and purchase mixers and ice; LBD eliminates the need for such
      planning and makes liquor more easily available. The shift from more restrictive
      to less restrictive availability does not occur immediately after a local
      election but is gradual over a two-year period following a local election.

PMID- 4026979
TI  - Treatment of alcoholism and concomitant drugs of abuse.
AB  - It has been proposed that concomitant substances of abuse may have additive or
      synergistic properties such that alcoholics using other substances of abuse
      concurrently may have a harder time giving up alcohol than alcoholics abusing
      only alcohol. The present study surveyed 291 alcoholics in an alcohol treatment
      program and 86 social drinker controls matched on age, education, SES and gender.
      Alcohol consumption, smoking, coffee intake, other substances of abuse. Beck
      depression and Spielberger Anxiety (State) were measured. Alcoholics drank
      significantly more alcohol than did social drinkers per day (350.19 cc versus
      28.08 cc, p less than 0.001), consumed more caffeine/day (486.3 mg versus 339.9
      mg, p less than 0.002), smoked more cigarettes/day (27.8 versus 12.8, p less than
      0.001), were more depressed (16.8 versus 4.4 (Beck), p less than 0.0001), had
      lower internal locus of control scores (37.6 versus 39.7, p less than 0.005), had
      higher scores on control by chance (22.7 versus 20.2, p less than 0.03) and were
      significantly more anxious (52.5 versus 33.9 on Spielberger's State Inventory p
      less than 0.0001). Some patients used stimulants, tranquilizers, depressants,
      narcotics or toluene. Only 3/258 abused alcohol without using other drugs.
      Results support earlier studies showing strong associations between alcohol and
      smoking and between alcohol and caffeine consumption. The alcoholic abusing only
      alcohol is very rare. Treatment programs need to pay attention to concomitant
      drugs of abuse.

PMID- 4026978
TI  - Clinical conditions in alcoholics during long-term abstinence: a descriptive,
      longitudinal treatment study.
AB  - After inpatient treatment for acute withdrawal during 1-2 weeks, twelve male
      alcoholics were treated as outpatients and received disulfiram per os. clinical
      ratings using a scale with 14 items were performed three times a week during six
      months. After acute withdrawal had ceased, all patients had positive ratings for
      anxiety, sleeping problems and autonomic disturbances lasting for 4-8 weeks. They
      also scored for depressive symptoms, concentration difficulties and failing
      memory during this period. The following 8-12 weeks all patients but one had
      periods of mood changes with a duration of 1-3 weeks. During periods with low
      mood changes several other symptoms appeared, while other psychiatric symptoms
      were absent during periods with elevated mood. All relapses occurred in
      connection with periods of mood changes. To conclude, this rating scale made it
      possible to identify a protracted subacute withdrawal phase and phases
      characterized by changes of mood, depressive-astenic as well as hyperactive,
      during long-term abstinence. These clinical phases are suggested to be of
      importance for clinical treatment and research.

PMID- 4026980
TI  - The perception of problem drinkers by general hospital staff, general
      practitioners and alcoholic patients.
AB  - A sample of 275 subjects (general hospital staff, general practitioners and
      alcoholic patients) was investigated regarding their perception of problem
      drinkers. A set of semantic differential scales was used, and subjects were asked
      to evaluate the concepts of "problem drinker," "self" and "ideal self."
      Psychological distance was measured in terms of bipolar personality constructs
      between each of the above concepts. Significant differences were found between
      the groups in terms of concept evaluation and psychological distance. The
      implications of these findings for both research and treatment are discussed.

PMID- 4026981
TI  - The effects of neurohypophyseal hormones on tolerance to the hypothermic effect
      of ethanol.
AB  - Mice were made tolerant to the hypothermic effect of ethanol by repeated
      administration of ethanol (4 g/kg, 25% v/v, IP) on three consecutive days. The
      colonic temperature was measured in individually-housed animals immediately
      before and 45 min after ethanol treatment. Peptide treatments with various
      schedules were made SC 2 hr before the first ethanol challenge. The decrease in
      hypothermic response was accepted as a tolerance phenomenon, which developed in
      control animals by day 2. A single injection of oxytocin (OXT) or lysine
      vasopressin (LVP [0.1 or 1 IU peptide] animal) before the first ethanol injection
      did not change the initial sensitivity to ethanol. This absence of acute
      interactions is also reflected in the sleep onset and sleep duration after 5 g/kg
      ethanol (IP). In contrast, both OXT and LVP affected the development of
      tolerance. Repeated treatments with graded doses of OXT (0.5-2 IU) or LVP (0.25-1
      IU) every day for 3 days blocked the development of tolerance. 0.002 IU LVP
      facilitated the development of hypothermic tolerance. The remaining doses of the
      peptides were ineffective. A high dose of LVP (1 IU) facilitated hypothermic
      tolerance if the peptide was injected when tolerance to ethanol had developed
      fully without previous peptide treatment. OXT, on the other hand, was ineffective
      in this particular experimental model. The data suggest that both
      neurohypophyseal hormones (LVP and OXT) block the early developmental phase of
      tolerance to ethanol. On the other hand, LVP facilitated the expression of
      tolerance if the peptide was given to mice with fully developed tolerance.

PMID- 4026982
TI  - Effects of scopolamine on spontaneous alternation and shuttle avoidance in rats
      exposed to alcohol in utero.
AB  - The behavioral effects of the anticholinergic scopolamine were examined in rats
      exposed to alcohol prenatally. Pregnant Long-Evans rats received isocaloric
      liquid diets containing either 35% or 0% ethanol-derived calories on Days 6-20 of
      gestation. A pair-feeding procedure was used, and a lab chow control group was
      also included. In Experiment 1, adult offspring were tested on a spontaneous
      alternation task following 1 mg/kg scopolamine or saline. Independent of prenatal
      treatment, scopolamine caused an increase in the number of trials to alternate.
      In Experiment 2, offspring were tested on a two-way shuttle avoidance learning
      task following a 1 mg/kg injection of scopolamine or methylscopolamine. Alcohol
      exposed animals injected with methylscopolamine made fewer avoidances than
      controls on the second day of testing while treatment with scopolamine enhanced
      avoidance performance to control levels. These data suggest that prenatal
      exposure to alcohol does not interfere with scopolamine-induced changes in the
      behavior of adult rats.

PMID- 4026983
TI  - Predicting the onset of compulsive drinking in alcoholics: a biopsychosocial
      model.
AB  - An attempt is made to develop a formal quantitative model for predicting the
      conditions under which compulsive drinking will appear in alcoholics. Biological
      variables are represented by phenomenological concepts as are psychological and
      social variables. The usefulness of the model in resolving apparent conflict
      among concepts and empirical findings is explored. Limitations of the model are
      examined as are further necessary extensions of it in terms of alcoholic
      subgroups and multiple biopsychosocial models.

PMID- 4026984
TI  - Effects of ethanol on eye movements in the monkey.
AB  - Ethanol (0.25-2.0 g/kg) was administered by remotely controlled intravenous
      infusion to monkeys engaged in performance of a short-term memory task which
      required attention to and retention of visual stimuli. Eye movements were
      monitored and measured by recording the electrooculogram with implanted
      periorbital Ag/AgCl electrodes. Ethanol induced the following dose-dependent
      changes of ocular motility: (a) diminution of the frequency of saccades; (b)
      prolongation of fixation (immobility) periods, though stimulus-elicited fixations
      became shorter; (c) increase in saccade excursion; (d) increase in saccade
      duration; and (e) decrease in saccade velocity (preceded at low doses by a
      transient increase). These changes were correlated with an impairment of
      behavioral performance. The results of eye movement analysis complement the
      results obtained on studies of human subjects by oral administration of ethanol.
      The findings of the present study in the nonhuman primate are interpreted as a
      reflection of the deleterious effects of alcohol on the cerebral substrate of
      visual attention.

PMID- 4026985
TI  - Organization of the commissural projection to the dentate gyrus is unaltered by
      heavy ethanol exposure during gestation.
AB  - The anterograde horseradish peroxidase method was used to determine if prenatal
      exposure to ethanol affected the development of the characteristic afferent
      lamination pattern of the commissural projection to the dentate gyrus. Mean
      ethanol consumption for the ethanol-consuming dams was 12.7 g/kg +/- 0.3 g per
      day. Adult offspring of rats that consumed a liquid diet containing 35% ethanol
      derived calories during days 1-21 of gestation, and both pair-fed and normal
      controls were examined. Brain weights and volumes of the ethanol and pair-fed
      control rats did not differ significantly from normal controls. However, body
      weights of ethanol-exposed rats were significantly reduced compared to normal
      controls. Computer-assisted image analysis of the HRP-labeling revealed that in
      spite of the heavy ethanol exposure there was no evidence of alterations in the
      spatial distribution of the commissural terminal field.

PMID- 4026986
TI  - Elevated blood acetate as indicator of fast ethanol elimination in chronic
      alcoholics.
AB  - The concentration of acetate was determined in the hepatic and peripheral blood
      of 10 chronic alcoholics and six healthy non-alcoholic controls after a peroral
      dose of ethanol (0.8 g/kg b.wt.). The blood acetate concentration was
      significantly higher in the hepatic vein than peripherally and remained at a
      rather constant level both in alcoholics and controls during the course of
      ethanol elimination. However, the level of acetate was significantly (p less than
      0.005) higher in alcoholics than in controls both in the hepatic vein (1.79 and
      1.15 mM) and peripherally (0.91 and 0.52 mM) (alcoholics and controls
      respectively). The alcoholics also eliminated ethanol 54% faster than the
      controls (159 mg/kg b.wt./hr and 103 mg/kg b.wt./hr; alcoholics and controls
      respectively). Furthermore a highly significant correlation was found between the
      rate of ethanol elimination and blood acetate level both in the hepatic (r =
      0.877, p less than 0.001) and in the peripheral vein (r = 0.799, p less than
      0.001). Our results suggest that an increased level of blood acetate during
      ethanol oxidation may be used as an indicator of enhanced ethanol elimination.

PMID- 4026987
TI  - Cyanamide injections during alcohol deprivation increase alcohol drinking.
AB  - Long-Evans male rats were given 7 weeks of choice between 10% ethanol and water
      and then were divided into 6 matched groups, 3 of which were then deprived of
      alcohol for 6 days. Subcutaneous cyanamide injections (10 mg/kg, 3 times daily,
      for 4 days) during alcohol deprivation produced a long lasting, significant
      increase in subsequent alcohol selection, over and above the increase produced by
      alcohol deprivation alone. The same injections given to a group not deprived of
      alcohol caused a significant suppression of alcohol drinking during the treatment
      and had disappeared 4 days after the last injection. Thereafter the drinking
      remained at the control level and did not rise to that of the group given the
      injections during deprivation. The groups did not differ in their subsequent
      selection of saline solutions.

PMID- 4026988
TI  - Reversible helix/coil transitions of left-handed Z-DNA structures. Comparison of
      the thermodynamic properties of poly(dG).poly(dC), poly[d(G-C)].poly[d(G-C)], and
      poly(dG-m5dC).poly(dG-m5dC).
AB  - In contrast to poly(dG).poly(dC), which remains in the B-DNA conformation under
      all experimental conditions the polynucleotides with the strictly alternating
      guanine/cytosine or guanine/5'-methylcytosine sequences can change from the
      classical right-handed B-DNA structure to the left-handed Z-DNA structure when
      certain experimental conditions such as ionic strength or solvent composition are
      fulfilled. Up to now the investigation of the helix/coil transition of left
      handed DNA structures was not possible because the transition temperature exceeds
      98 degrees C. By applying moderate external pressure to the surface of the
      aqueous polymer solution in the sample cell the boiling point of the solvent
      water is shifted up the temperature scale without shifting the transition
      temperature, so that we can measure the helix/coil transition of the
      polynucleotides at all experimental conditions applied. It can thus be shown that
      the Z-DNA/coil transition is cooperative and reversible. The Tm is 125 degrees C
      for poly(dG-m5dC).poly(dG-m5dC) in 2mM Mg2+, 50mM Na+, pH 7.2 and 115 degrees c
      for poly[d(G-C)].poly[d(G-C)] in 3.04M Na+. The transition enthalpy per base pair
      was determined by the help of an adiabatic scanning microcalorimeter.

PMID- 4026989
TI  - Metabolic phosphorylation and excretion of some nucleoside analogues in insects.
AB  - After oral administration to the hemipteran insect Pyrrhocoris apterus L.
      (Fireburg), the L-enantiomers and certain open-chain analogues of the nucleosides
      are rapidly converted into the corresponding monophosphates, which are then
      excreted. This metabolic phosphorylation is almost quantitative; it occurs at the
      primary as well as at the secondary hydroxylic groups. The process is abolished
      when the respective nucleoside analogues contain a free carboxylic group. By
      contrast, the phosphorylating capacity is unaffected by structural variations at
      the heterocyclic base. This phosphorylation and excretion may represent a part of
      detoxication mechanism for the above nucleoside analogues.

PMID- 4026990
TI  - Nonenzymatic glycation of immunoglobulins leads to an impairment of
      immunoreactivity.
AB  - Incubation of purified human and rabbit immunoglobulin G with glucose leads to
      covalent incorporation of the sugar into the protein, depending on glucose
      concentration, incubation time and pH. Furthermore, the level of glycated
      immunoglobulin G from normal and diabetic subjects has been determined using the
      thiobarbituric acid reaction. The median for glycated immunoglobulin G, expressed
      as mmol 5-hydroxymethylfurfural per mol IgG, obtained from 20 normal and 29
      diabetic subjects was 62 and 107, respectively. Glucose incubation of
      immunoglobulin G purified from rabbit anti-human-transferrin serum, from human
      anti-varicella/zoster virus serum and from human anti-lues-spirochete serum,
      respectively, leads to a marked decrease in biological activity, as determined in
      a micro complement fixation test. Inactivation of specific antibody was dependent
      on incubation time and glucose concentration employed. Loss in complement-fixing
      activity was observed at glycation levels well comparable to those found in
      diabetics.

PMID- 4026991
TI  - The lectin-binding protein from the pea (Pisum sativum); properties and
      interactions.
AB  - The lectin-binding protein (lectin binder) from the garden pea (Pisum sativum)
      was studied. It is a glycoprotein composed of four subunits of about 50 000 Da.
      Its amino-acid composition and molecular mass differ from those of lectin and of
      storage proteins. The interaction between lectin and lectin binder is
      demonstrated and quantified by several different methods and is shown to be
      specifically sugar-dependent. A biological function of lectin binders and lectins
      is discussed.

PMID- 4026992
TI  - The complete covalent structure of hirudin. Localization of the disulfide bonds.
AB  - Hirudin, the thrombin-specific inhibitor from the leech Hirudo medicinalis, is a
      single-chain polypeptide (65 amino-acid residues) linked by three disulfide
      bridges. Localization of the three disulfide bonds could be assigned on the basis
      of the structures of cystine peptides derived by high performance liquid
      chromatography separations of thermolysinolytic digest of native hirudin. By
      characterization of the nine major fragments by amino-acid analysis, N-terminal
      amino-acid determination and sequence analysis, the following disulfide linkages
      were identified: Cys6-Cys14, Cys16-Cys28 and Cys22-Cys39. Due to the lack of any
      closer sequence homology and topological structural homology to other serine
      proteinase inhibitor proteins, hirudin seems to be unique in its primary
      structure and hence designates an unknown inhibitor family.

PMID- 4026994
TI  - Hemocyanins in spiders, XX. Sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bridges in subunit d
      of Eurypelma californicum hemocyanin.
AB  - Subunit d of Eurypelma californicum hemocyanin contains after reduction 7
      cysteine residues. Using 3,3'-dithiobis(6-nitrobenzoic acid) 3 mol cysteine/mol
      subunit were determined. The cysteine- and cystine-containing peptides of subunit
      d were obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage and subsequent treatment with
      trypsin. The free cysteines were established at positions 102, 261, and 454
      respectively. Cys205-Cys210 and Cys529-Cys579 are connected by disulfide bridges.

PMID- 4026993
TI  - Primary structure of the hemoglobins from the greater Kudu antelope (Tragelaphus
      strepsiceros).
AB  - The adult greater Kudu antelope has two hemoglobin components, Hb A and Hb B,
      with one alpha and two beta chains. The complete amino-acid sequences of these
      three chains are presented. The two beta chains differ only in one residue at
      position 16 (Gly----Ser) and may be the product of two allelic genes. The primary
      structure of the chains was determined by sequencing the tryptic peptides after
      their isolation from the tryptic digest of the chains by high performance liquid
      chromatography. The alignment of these peptides was deduced from homology with
      the chains of bovine hemoglobin. Between the Kudu hemoglobins and those of cattle
      a high degree of homology was found.

PMID- 4026995
TI  - Identification and measurement of acid (specific) histidine decarboxylase
      activity in rabbit gastric mucosa: ending an old controversy?
AB  - One of the main obstacles in assigning any distinct function to histamine in
      health and disease was the longlasting controversy on the existence of any
      physiological, endogenous histamine formation in man and most of the other
      mammals except the rat. Using a modification of Schayer's isotope dilution
      method, a renewed attempt was made to identify the very low activities of an acid
      (specific) histidine decarboxylase in rabbit gastric mucosa capable of producing
      endogenous histamine in physiological conditions, to develop tests for its
      identification in crude enzyme extracts and to demonstrate the specificity of the
      enzymatic assay by excluding any relevant Dopa decarboxylase activity and also
      nonenzymatic decarboxylation interfering with the determination of acid
      (specific) histidine decarboxylase. To achieve this aim five tests were
      developed: In the pH profile (test 1), a pH optimum was found at 7.0 in the
      presence of a low substrate concentration (1.6 X 10(-6)M L-[ring-2-14C]
      histidine). The apparent Michaelis concentration at the pH optimum (test 2) was
      1.8 X 10(-4)M, the maximum rate 12.5pmol [14C]histamine formed X min-1. To
      increase the specificity of inhibition experiments with alpha-methylhistidine and
      alpha-methyl-L-Dopa a pH profile was determined in the presence of these two
      enzymatic inhibitors (test 3 and 4). alpha-Methylhistidine was used for a
      reliable diagnostic confirmation test, alpha-methyl-L-Dopa for a reliable
      exclusion test. Benzene showed no influence on either blanks or recovery rates,
      but inhibited the enzymic activity at pH 7.0, not however that of unspecific
      histidine decarboxylase and hence was very valuable as an additional diagnostic
      exclusion test (test 5). Although these new tests identifying acid (specific)
      histidine decarboxylase and demonstrating the specificity of its determination
      were tedious, despite the use of the modified isotope dilution method, they
      excluded the presence of any Dopa decarboxylase activity in mixtures with crude
      enzyme preparations as well as of any kind of nonspecific and nonenzymatic
      histidine decarboxylation. An endogenous histidine decarboxylase in rabbit
      gastric mucosa is postulated, capable of forming histamine in vivo.

PMID- 4026996
TI  - The primary structure of porcine Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. Evidence for
      allotypes of superoxide dismutase in pigs.
AB  - Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase was purified to homogeneity from mixed pig blood and
      from a single pig. The isolated product had an absorption ratio 280/260 nm of
      0.91, a specific activity of 3 000 +/- 200 units (cytochrome c reduction test),
      and an isoelectric point of 7.5 (chromatofocusing) or 7.25 (isoelectric
      focusing), respectively. Sequence determination was performed by automated solid
      phase Edman degradation of fragments of the reduced S-carboxymethylated proteins
      obtained by digestion with trypsin or Staphylococcus aureus proteinase V8 or
      treatment with cyanogen bromide. Acetylation of the N-terminus was confirmed by
      comparing high performance liquid chromatography retention times of N-terminal
      peptides with those of authentic samples. Sequencing of the superoxide dismutase
      of mixed porcine blood revealed heterogeneity (70% Leu; 30% Val at position 29),
      whereas the sample derived from a single French pig proved to be homogeneous
      (100% Leu at position 29). The complete sequence of pig superoxide dismutase
      comprised 152 amino-acid residues, which corresponds to a theoretical molecular
      mass of 15 800 Da per subunit, and exhibited the expected high homology with
      those of other mammals. The aspartate and all 7 histidine residues known to
      complex the metal ions in bovine superoxide dismutase are conserved in the
      porcine sequence at the homologous positions Asp82 and His45, His47, His62,
      His70, His79, His119, respectively.

PMID- 4026997
TI  - Alkylation-induced mono(ADP-ribosyl)-histones H1 and H2B. Hydroxylamine-resistant
      linkage in hepatoma cells.
AB  - Treatment of hepatoma AH 7974 cells with dimethyl sulfate led to a marked
      accumulation in vivo of mono)ADP-ribosyl)-histone H1A, H1B, H1 and H2B,
      respectively. In these conjugates, most of the modifying groups were linked to
      the acceptor proteins by an 'unusual' bond not described so far for ADP-ribosyl
      histone conjugates. It resisted treatment with 3M hydroxylamine, 0.1M
      picrylsulfonate and mild alkali, which excluded a linkage through carboxyl or
      guanidino residues. The stability of these conjugates formed endogenously
      differed also from 'non-enzymic' histone H1 conjugates formed by incubation of
      free ADP-ribose with the histone. Histone-linked mono(ADP-ribosyl) residues
      synthesized in hepatoma cells in response to alkylation were located exclusively
      in the domains that interact with DNA, i.e. in the non-globular C-terminal tail
      of histone H1 and in the N-terminus of histone H2B. Besides poly(ADP
      ribosyl)ation, the modification of histones by single ADP-ribose groups may
      represent an independent process to modulate DNA/histone interaction.

PMID- 4026998
TI  - Ligand binding and stabilization of malate- and lactate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Binding of coenzymes, coenzyme fragments and phenolate ligands to malate- and
      lactate dehydrogenase was studied. From linear competition in titration
      experiments, the coenzyme binding site was concluded to bind all the ligands
      employed. The analogy between the phenolate ligands and tetraiodofluorescein
      which is known to bind at the adenosine binding site suggests binding of
      phenolates at this site. Coenzymes and coenzyme fragments retard the irreversible
      thermal inactivation of the enzymes. The retardation effect decreases in the
      order NADH greater than NAD greater than ADPR greater than or equal to AMP for
      both enzymes. Phenolate ligands binding to the adenosine pocket do not stabilize
      the enzymes. The stabilization is concluded to originate from the interaction of
      coenzyme phosphate and nicotinamide with the enzymes. The interactions with the
      adenosine moiety and with the second ribose seem to be ineffective in retardation
      of thermal denaturation.

PMID- 4026999
TI  - Structural studies on the core oligosaccharide of Phenylobacterium immobile
      strain K2 lipopolysaccharide. Chemical synthesis of 3-hydroxy-5c-dodecenoic acid.
AB  - The fatty acid composition of the bound lipids of 17 strains from
      Phenylobacterium immobile was investigated. Ester-linked 3-hydroxy-5c-dodecenoic
      acid was found to be the major substituent in the lipopolysaccharide. Therefore
      the occurrence of this unusual acid can be taken as a useful marker for the
      determination of P. immobile by simple fatty acid analysis. Lipid A backbone was
      found to consist of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose, which up to this time has
      only been detected in group I of purple nonsulfur bacteria and their non
      phototrophic relatives. A convenient chemical synthesis for 3-hydroxy-5c
      dodecenoic acid is described. The polysaccharide region of P. immobile strain K2
      lipopolysaccharide was investigated. The methods used included gel filtration
      procedures, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation,
      oxidation with chromium trioxide and enzymic degradations of the isolated
      oligosaccharide. We found that strain K2 has a rough-type lipopolysaccharide,
      devoid of an O-specific side chain. For the core oligosaccharide the following
      structure is proposed: (Formula: see text) beta-D-Glcp(1-3)-L-alpha-D-Hep rho(1
      3)-L-alpha-D-Hep rho(1-3-L-alpha-D-Hep rho(1-4/5)dOclA.

PMID- 4027000
TI  - The primary structure of the hemoglobin of the dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias).
      Antagonistic effects of ATP and urea on oxygen affinity of an elasmobranch
      hemoglobin.
AB  - The amino-acid sequence of the hemoglobin of the Dogfish Shark (Squalus
      acanthias) is presented. The alpha-chains consist of 141 residues and show a
      Thr/Ser ambiguity at position 3. The beta-chains consist of 142 residues and
      evidently have no D-helix; they show an Asn/Tyr ambiguity at position 104. Both
      chains have free N-terminal amino acids. The phylogenetic distance from the human
      alpha- and beta-chains is indicated by 49.3% and 56.2% amino-acid exchanges. The
      primary structure is discussed in relation to the oxygen-binding properties of
      elasmobranch hemoglobin, particularly as regards the antagonistic effects of urea
      and ATP, and the effects of proton concentration (the alkaline and acid Bohr
      effects, and the Root effect).

PMID- 4027001
TI  - [Guiding principles for work in traffic safety with respect to alcohol and
      driving].

PMID- 4027002
TI  - [Accuracy of the forensic determination of blood alcohol].

PMID- 4027003
TI  - [Calculation of maximal blood alcohol concentrations and its value as evidence
      for the assessment of responsibility].

PMID- 4027004
TI  - [Status of knowledge about the "0.8 pars pro mille Law." Results of a survey].

PMID- 4027005
TI  - [Post-schooling for alcohol offenders in first and repeated cases (attempt at
      status determination)].

PMID- 4027006
TI  - [Post-schooling: a communication problem between judges and psychologists].

PMID- 4027007
TI  - [Metabolism and rate of excretion of the congeners propanol-l and isobutanol
      following the consumption of the "Chivas Regal" brand whiskey].

PMID- 4027008
TI  - [Concentration of the congeners propanol-1 and isobutanol in blood following
      consumption of "Captain Morgan" overseas rum].

PMID- 4027009
TI  - [Alcohol and drug crimes from the viewpoint of recent developments].

PMID- 4027010
TI  - [Alcoholic intoxication crimes from the foreign viewpoint].

PMID- 4027011
TI  - [2 serogenetic blood alcohol identification tests with unusual results].

PMID- 4027012
TI  - [Drunk driving in th Bavarian Untermain region].

PMID- 4027013
TI  - [Negligent carelessness in Paragraph 315 of the German criminal code and the loss
      the driver's licence].

PMID- 4027014
TI  - [The course of blood alcohol curves after the ingestion of beer and brandy
      together with "alcohol-free" beer].

PMID- 4027015
TI  - [Analysis of cogeners of alcoholic beverages. 1. The application of a capillary
      gas chromatography micromethod in headspace analysis].

PMID- 4027016
TI  - [Incidence of Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Candida sp. in a high-risk
      population].
AB  - Since infections represent one of the greatest complications in immunocompromised
      hosts, our group, concerned with bacteriological monitoring, has applied its
      attention to microorganisms such as Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp and Candida
      sp. Pseudomonas sp strains have been identified using conventional techniques and
      the API system 20 NE. According to Varaldo's scheme, Staphylococci sp have been
      divided into six "lyogroup" and then, the typing of Candida sp has been checked
      by cultural and biochemical tests. The results obtained have demonstrated that
      the Pseudomonas aeruginosa species is prevalent not only in the urinary tract but
      also in the respiratory tract. As for the Staphylococci sp, the VI lyogroup
      showed the greatest percentage of strains and than, as regards Candida sp it has
      been possible to observe that, over a given period, the percentage of
      pluricontamination has been almost constant.

PMID- 4027017
TI  - [Production of coagulase and thermonuclease in 366 strains of staphylococci
      belonging to different lyogroups].
AB  - 366 human staphylococci were tested for the production of coagulase and
      thermonuclease and were subdivided into lyogroups. 98% of the isolates showed
      uniformly positive or uniformly negative results for the production of two
      enzymes. All uniformly positive strains belonged to the species Staphylococcus
      aureus, whereas coagulase-thermonuclease negative strains were easily subdivided
      into five lyogroups. Seven strains produced only one of two enzymes and were
      identified by analysis of their bacteriolytic activity. Two of these strains were
      identified as Staphylococcus aureus, one was coagulase negative and the other
      thermonuclease negative.

PMID- 4027018
TI  - Toxoplasma gondii: in vivo and in vitro immunological and ultrastructural
      patterns of a human low virulent strain.
AB  - The AA. analyze the ultrastructural and immunological patterns of a low virulent
      strain of T. gondii cultured in vitro on A-9 cells line (PV-H1C-83). The tissue
      culture method described here is highly recommended to study the immunological
      aspects of experimental toxoplasmosis. Biological tests' results and the time
      courses of serological tests are also similar to those obtained from mice
      infected with cerebral tissue containing cysts. The low virulent strain (PV-H1C
      83), when cultured in vitro, is able to induce the formation of large
      parasitophorous vacuoles, in which the EM investigation shows a typical cyst wall
      enveloping numerous bradyzoites.

PMID- 4027019
TI  - [Evaluation of the immune function of patients undergoing radiotherapy: results
      after 18 months].
AB  - The effects of radiotherapy on subset lymphocyte populations of 15 neoplastic
      patients were studied. The initial impairment of lymphocyte functions, was
      restored after eighteen months to 78% of initial values. The numerical
      equilibrium of T and B subpopulations was completely reinstated.

PMID- 4027020
TI  - Defect of leukocyte functions and circulating immune complexes in visceral
      leishmaniasis.
AB  - Seven patients affected with visceral leishmaniasis have been tested for
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions and for presence of circulating immune
      complexes during the course of the disease and on recovery. These parameters have
      been correlated with clinical features; phagocytic and killing defects observed
      during acute stages of the disease seem to be dependent from high levels of
      circulating immune complexes observed in same period. Reduction of CIC levels
      observed after a first course of therapy are probably related to the gradual
      improvement of phagocytic functions which are almost complete in all patients at
      recovery.

PMID- 4027022
TI  - Validation of utilization of glass vials for preparing of lyophilized drugs.

PMID- 4027021
TI  - [Esculin hydrolysis, a confirmation test for fecal streptococci detected on
      Slanetz-Bartley medium].
AB  - Samples of marine waters have been analyzed for recovering faecal streptococci
      applying the membrane filtration technique on Slanatez-Bartley medium. It has
      been pointed out that this medium can yield high proportions of non-group D
      streptococci: in fact its selectivity seems to be rather low at least for certain
      samples. This study aims to test and to overcome the disadvantage of the high
      counts of faecal streptococci due to background microrganisms. The hydrolysis of
      esculin may be used as a confirmatory test for increasing the selectivity.
      Membranes showing high numbers of streptococci-like colonies have been
      transferred from Slanetz-Bartley (MEA) medium to an esculin iron agar (EIA)
      plate. After 20 min at 41 degrees C small black spots appeared on the backside of
      the membrane where the colonies had hydrolyzed esculin were resident. The number
      of positive colonies may be recorded as the real number of faecal streptococci.

PMID- 4027023
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic behavior of long-acting terramycin in rabbits].

PMID- 4027024
TI  - Gastrin release after endoluminal perfusion with cisapride of the isolated antrum
      in the pig.

PMID- 4027025
TI  - Stability of ursodeoxycholic acid 7-oleyl ester to enzymatic hydrolysis.

PMID- 4027026
TI  - [Intraserosal proximal hemideferentectomy versus classical proximal hemivasectomy
      in the rat. Anatomo-functional aspects and proposal for a new terminology].
AB  - According to new trends and terms in microsurgery, the intra-serous proximal
      hemideferentectomy is compared to the classical vasectomy in rat. The effects of
      these surgical models are evaluated on morphological and functional bases. The
      anatomo-pathological parameters considered (stenosis and leakage of the
      anastomosis of the epididymal tubule conseguent on local ischemia) have been
      correlated with functional parameters "in vitro" (spontaneous motility and field
      stimulation) in order to plan the best microsurgical procedure in the
      experimental tubulo-vasostomy.

PMID- 4027027
TI  - [Effects of tubulo-deferens stenosis secondary to intraserosal proximal
      hemideferentectomy and end-to-end tubulo-vasostomy on the testicle of the rat.
      Histopathological aspects].
AB  - The histopathological aspects of the testis in rat after intra-serous proximal
      hemideferentectomy and end-to-end tubulo-vasostomy are evaluated. The
      histomorphometric variations of the convoluted seminiferous tubules and the
      quantitative modifications of the stages of spermatogenesis are correlated with
      the obstruction's degree of the tubulo-deferential anastomosis.

PMID- 4027028
TI  - [Simultaneous registration of rheographic and manometric parameters of the
      inferior esophageal sphincter in the cat].
AB  - The aim of the present study was to detect simultaneously hemodynamic parietal
      events and intraluminal pressure of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES), with
      particular regards to cyclic changes due to systo-diastolic cardiac activity. A
      probe for combined Intraluminal Manometric Plethysmography (IMP) and Intraluminal
      Impedence Plethysmography (IIP) was used. It was a Swan Ganz bipolar pacing
      catheter, modified by removing the latex balloon from the tip. The exposed side
      hole (diameter smaller than 0.5 mm) was utilized as a terminal orifice for an
      infused manometry system. It was preliminarly essayed in bench tests. A perfusion
      rate of 1.75 ml/min was chosen as it did not induce significant elevations of the
      pressure base-line and allowed detection of pressure rise rates up to 300 mm
      Hg/s. The two metallic rings, originally designed for intracardiac stimulation,
      were used as low resistance electrodes to record impedence variations. Since very
      small shifts of recording electrodes induce important artifacts, the present
      experiments were carried out on curarized cats. In these conditions, artificial
      ventilation could be temporarily stopped to avoid any artifact due to respiration
      mechanics. The proposed method seems to be satisfactory enough for simultaneous
      acquisition of IIP and IMP data at LES level. Recordings of IIP allow to reveal
      changes in parietal blood content which could chiefly be referred to lamina
      propria and submucosa districts. On the other hand, IMP cyclic fluctuations would
      signal variations of total sphincteric tension, likely depending on hemodynamic
      events in all vascular beds of the wall. In our opinion, a more extensive
      analysis of IMP and IIP waves, as well as of reciprocal relationships between
      rheografic and manometric parameters, may provide very useful knowledges on
      sphincteric physiology.

PMID- 4027029
TI  - [Physiology of interdigestive motor activity in man].
AB  - Aim of this work has been to investigate the pattern of interdigestive motility
      from the esophagus to the duodenum. Six human subjects have been studied by means
      of a manometric probe. The results are very similar to those described elsewhere,
      and show that a cyclic motor activity spreads down from the esophagus to the
      duodenum and that a district control of gastrointestinal motility exists.

PMID- 4027030
TI  - [Salivary levels of immunoglobulin and dental caries in children].
AB  - IgG, IgA, IgM and lysozyme levels were determined in whole unstimulated saliva
      from ten children aged seven-nine years. IgA levels were significantly higher (p
      less than 0.05) in caries-susceptible subjects when compared with the caries-free
      ones. High levels of IgG seemed to correlate with a high DMF score. No
      correlation was found between lysozyme levels and DMF score.

PMID- 4027031
TI  - [Activity of uremic toxins and polyamines on organ culture of 7-day-old chick
      embryo].
AB  - We studied possible effects of uremic toxins and polyamines (PAs) on organ
      cultures of chick embryo. We added on culture media the lyophilized of total
      dialysate and its chromatographic peak II obtained with chromatography with
      Sephadex G 15. The total dialysate and peak II showed toxicity with degeneration
      of the culture, whereas the free PAs, we added, did not effects.

PMID- 4027032
TI  - [Afferents from a single muscle of the forelimbs and fastigial neurons of the
      cerebellum].
AB  - Responses of neurons in the medial nucleus of cerebellum (CBM) were studied on
      stimulation of ipsilateral and contralateral homonymous muscles, in decerebrated
      cats. The aim was to find out to what extent information from homonymous muscles
      of the forelimbs converge on the same CBM neurons and whether the probability of
      such a convergence depends on location (axial, proximal, distal) or function
      (flexor, extensor) of the tested muscles. The analysis was limited to the neurons
      belonging to the rostral part of the nucleus which is known to control the
      ipsilateral muscle periphery. Neuronal activity was recorded extracellularly
      using tungsten microelectrodes (5-12 M omega) and muscle stimulation was
      performed by bipolar coated steel electrodes, with the exception of the tip. At
      least 6 pairs of homonymous muscles were generally stimulated: two axial, two
      proximal and two distal in both forelimbs. Care was taken that, when a muscle was
      stimulated, the others were not activated either directly or in a reflex way. Out
      of the 65 neurons studied, 60 (92%) were responsive to muscle stimulation. It was
      specifically observed that a high percentage of cells reacted to stimulation of
      distal muscles (74% to ipsilateral and 71% to contralateral ones). More than half
      (55%) of the neurons were responsive to activation of a pair of homonymous distal
      muscles and about one third of them (31%) to both the pairs of distal muscles. On
      the contrary the percentage of responses to proximal muscles was reduced foremost
      in the ipsilateral ones (23%) and only an exiquous percentage of cells (15%)
      received information from the homonymous proximal muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027033
TI  - [Analysis of electroneurographic data on a sample of normal subjects].
AB  - The ENGraphic basic data of 41 normal subjects were measured to determine a range
      of normal values and to analyze the importance of individual factors (gender,
      age, work). The work affects significantly the conduction velocities and the
      latencies more frequently than gender and age.

PMID- 4027034
TI  - [Changes in body composition in obese patients on a low-calorie diet].
AB  - Energy balance was studied on 4 obese hospitalized subjects kept on hypocaloric
      diet (489 Kcal - 54% CHO, 10,6% Fat, 35,4% Protein) for 18 +/- 3,7 days. Energy
      expenditure was measured trough heart-rate monitoring (individual calibrations
      before and after the study were performed) and nitrogen balance was computed to
      establish protein loss. Individual qualitative composition of body weight loss
      was then assessed: 71,4 +/- 5,23% could be attributable to fat loss, 9,38 +/-
      3,32% to protein loss, 18,2 +/- 5,5% to water loss. Part of this last figure
      could be attributable to a slight under-estimation of the method utilized to
      measure the energy expenditure (heart-rate monitoring).

PMID- 4027035
TI  - [Interference of polyester inflammation on the development of Yoshida ascites
      hepatoma in the rat].
AB  - Minced polyester threads introduced into the peritoneal cavity cause a chronic
      inflammation with evidence of macrophage and lymphocyte stimulation. In this
      paper an interference between this kind of inflammation and the growth of Yoshida
      ascites hepatoma has been shown, which has been found to dependent on the time
      interval elapsed between the introduction of polyester (Mersilene) minces and
      injection of the hepatoma cells. Rats were treated intraperitoneally with
      Mersilene and then divided in to three groups: the first was injected
      intraperitoneally with hepatoma cells immediately (TM 0), the second after 7 (TM
      7) and the third after 14 days (TM 14); rats untreated with polyester and
      implanted with the same number of hepatoma cells served as controls (NT). While
      in groups NT and TM 0 a rapid growth of hepatoma cells occurred, together with
      the accumulation of a considerable volume of ascitic fluid, no tumor growth
      neither ascite production occurred in groups TM 7 and TM 14; in these animals
      where several days were allowed to elapse after polyester introduction, the
      hepatoma cells which had been injected rapidly disappeared and were no more found
      48 h after the intraperitoneal injection. It is suggested that the inhibition of
      the neoplastic growth may be dependent on the activation of macrophages (and
      possibly NK cells) which accompanies the development of the chronic polyester
      inflammation.

PMID- 4027036
TI  - [Kinetics of cellular adhesion to different materials used in implants].
AB  - The authors expose their observations about the kinetics of cell adesion on two
      materials used as implants in orthopaedic surgery, AISI, 316 L steel and
      passivated titanium. The kinetics of cell attachment have been compared: an
      initial rapid increase of bound radioactivity was observed on passivated titanium
      (in 5 - 30 min) and after this rapid reaction the number of attached cells
      increased only slowly, during the following 30 min. After incubation of 90 min,
      almost all cells became attached. Kinetic of BHK cell attachment on AISI 316 L
      differs significantly: almost all added cells were attached in 90 min but the
      rapid increase of attachment is observed only during the first 30 min. These
      observations are important for the comprension of adhesion mechanisms and
      characterize the properties of biocompatibility of implant materials.

PMID- 4027037
TI  - [Purification and characterization of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase in
      artichoke leaves. I. Isolation and purification].

PMID- 4027038
TI  - [Purification and characterization of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase in
      artichoke leaves. II. Molecular weight and oligomeric structure].

PMID- 4027039
TI  - Fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue subcellular fractions of
      hyperthyroid rats.

PMID- 4027040
TI  - [Hepatic glutamine-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase and
      glucocorticoids].

PMID- 4027041
TI  - [In vitro culture of mouse embryos].

PMID- 4027042
TI  - [Synchronization of ovulation and the collection of embryos in mice].

PMID- 4027043
TI  - [Monthly determinations of alkaline phosphatase and heavy metals (zinc, copper)
      in Venus gallina L].

PMID- 4027044
TI  - [Auxin and anti-auxin activity of 3-oxo-1,2-benzoisothiazoline-2-alkanoic acids].

PMID- 4027045
TI  - [Antagonism by taurine of hyperthermia induced in rabbits by 6-aminomethyl
      4H,1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (AMBD) and by calcium antagonists].

PMID- 4027046
TI  - [Biochemical effects of anaerobiosis in Venus gallina L. and Scapharca
      inaequivalvis (Bruguiere)].

PMID- 4027047
TI  - Contribution of peripheral and central mechanisms to the oesophageal primary
      peristalsis.

PMID- 4027048
TI  - [Spontaneous activation of regenerated motor axons in the presence of ethanol].

PMID- 4027049
TI  - [Recurrent neurons of the superior cervical ganglion of the rat: an
      electrophysiological study].

PMID- 4027050
TI  - [Redistribution of hepatic arterial blood flow after arterial infusion of
      microspheres of degradable starch in patients with hepatic metastases from
      colorectal carcinoma].

PMID- 4027051
TI  - Music draws attention to the left and speech draws attention to the right.
AB  - Providing free-field music input prompts right-handers to attend to their left
      side in a loudness-matching task that requires no musical analysis. Conversely,
      speech prompts rightward attention. The processes inferred are akin to the
      attentional asymmetry demonstrated in the syndrome of hemispatial neglect.

PMID- 4027052
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetry in memory search for four-letter names and human faces.
AB  - Two memory search experiments were conducted using vertically oriented four
      letter names and human faces as stimuli. Subjects were required to indicate as
      quickly and as accurately as possible whether or not a single probe stimulus
      (presented for 150 msec to either the left or right visual field) was contained
      in a set of 2, 3, 4, or 5 items being held in short-term memory. The probe
      stimuli were presented alone (clear condition) or centrally embedded in a matrix
      of dots (degraded condition). In Experiment 1 (involving names), a right visual
      field/left hemisphere advantage was obtained and pinpointed at the encoding stage
      rather than at the memory comparison stage of the information-processing system.
      For Experiment 2 (involving human faces), no hemispheric advantage was readily
      observed. In each experiment, both the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere
      employed an abstract memory comparison operation from which the effects of probe
      degradation have been removed. These results are discussed in terms of their
      implications for various models of hemispheric asymmetry.

PMID- 4027053
TI  - Effects of a concurrent memory task on hemispheric asymmetries in categorization.
AB  - Recent research on the division of processing between the two cerebral
      hemispheres has often employed two concurrent tasks to investigate the dynamic
      nature of hemispheric asymmetries. The experiment reported here explored the
      effects of two concurrent high-level cognitive tasks (memory retention and
      semantic categorization) on the direction and magnitude of hemispheric
      differences in the processing of words and pictures. Subjects were required to
      categorize words and pictures presented to either the left visual field-right
      hemisphere (LVF-RH) or the right visual field-left hemisphere (RVF-LH). The
      categorization could be performed while holding either verbal material in memory
      (digit span), pictorial material in memory (serial nonsense figure recognition),
      or with no concurrent memory task. The effects produced hemisphere-specific,
      material-nonspecific interference. The verbal task removed a RVF-LH advantage at
      word categorization and enhanced a LVF-RH advantage on picture categorization;
      the pictorial task interfered with picture categorization in the LVF-RH, while
      enhancing a RVF-LH advantage at word categorization. The results are discussed in
      terms of multiple resource models of hemisphere function, capacity limitations,
      and the functional locus of processing required to produce various dynamic
      hemispheric effects.

PMID- 4027054
TI  - The effects of visual feedback on hemispheric alpha asymmetries and reported
      processing strategies: a single-subject experimental design.
AB  - A double reversal single-subject experimental design was used to study the
      effects of visual feedback on the hemispheric alpha asymmetries of a male subject
      during a linguistic task. Results indicated that the subject demonstrated
      flexibility in hemispheric alpha and corresponding processing strategies employed
      when an alpha biofeedback procedure was used. These results provide further
      support for the notion that right and left hemispheric activation is associated
      with different, yet compatible, cognitive strategies and that both can be
      manipulated under conditions of feedback.

PMID- 4027055
TI  - Anterior-posterior interhemispheric differences in the loci of lesions producing
      visual hemineglect.
AB  - Five neuropsychological tests designed to measure the presence and severity of
      visual hemineglect were given to 101 patients with clearly defined unilateral
      lesions. Of these, visual hemineglect was present in 28 out of a total of 56 left
      brain damaged (LBD) patients and in 20 out of 45 right brain damaged (RBD)
      patients. The incidence of hemineglect in these groups did not differ
      significantly, but the severity of hemineglect was greater in the RBD group than
      in the LBD group. However, the two groups were found to differ significantly with
      respect to the loci of the lesions most likely to result in hemineglect. In the
      RBD group most patients with hemineglect had posterior lesions, and in the LBD
      group most patients with hemineglect had anterior lesions. Possible reasons for
      this were discussed first from the point of view of an inattention hypothesis and
      second in terms of the effects the lateralization of language representation
      might have on the representation of spatial functions.

PMID- 4027056
TI  - The statistical interaction of cerebral specialization and integration in the
      interpretation of dynamic brain images.
AB  - Two constructs of brain function, namely cerebral specialization and integration,
      have been examined in the analysis of blood flow and metabolic function resulting
      from dynamic imaging procedures. The purpose of the current paper is to
      illustrate the interaction of these two constructs at the statistical level.
      Because of the statistical interaction, it is argued that the currently accepted
      statistical evidence for cerebral specialization is, in fact, partially a
      function of the degree of regional cerebral integration. Therefore, found
      asymmetries of flow or rate may be solely a function of cerebral integration.
      These points are discussed with respect to developing a better understanding of
      stimulus/brain/behavior relations.

PMID- 4027057
TI  - Perceptual interference and hemispheric specialization.
AB  - Two experiments evaluated the effect of stimuli presented at fixation on the
      recognition of faces or random shapes presented to the left or right visual half
      field (VF). Increasing the processing demands of the center stimulus produced a
      large, linear decrease in recognition from both VFs for both faces and shapes.
      Recognition of random shapes was decreased more in the right visual field by
      center digits and in the left VF by center faces and shapes. In addition,
      interference was found between the VF faces and the center digits to the left of
      fixation. It was concluded that differences in the processing capacity of the two
      hemispheres are a function of the verbal-nonverbal nature of the stimuli at a
      later stage in processing but that the two hemispheres may also differ along
      other perceptual dimensions at an earlier stage of visual recognition.

PMID- 4027059
TI  - Toward a model of dichotic listening performance.
AB  - Dichotic listening performance for different classes of speech sounds was
      examined under conditions of controlled attention. Consideration of the complex
      of target item and competing item demonstrated that, in general, targets were
      more accurately identified when the competing item shared no relevant features
      with it and less accurately identified when the competing item shared place,
      voice, or manner with the target item. Nasals as well as stops demonstrated a
      significant right-ear advantage (REA). False alarm rates were very similar for
      left and right attentional conditions, whereas intrusions from the right ear
      while attending to the left were far more common than intrusions from the left
      while attending to the right. Attention is viewed as serving to select the
      stimuli that will be reported, but at a late stage, and only after the right ear
      perceptual advantage has had its effect. A model of dichotic listening
      performance is proposed in which both the ease of localizing the item and the
      strength of evidence for the presence of the item are relevant factors.

PMID- 4027058
TI  - Processes of verbal memory failure in Alzheimer-type dementia.
AB  - Multiple aspects of verbal learning and memory performance in mild as compared to
      moderate Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) were studied with the Buschke selective
      reminding paradigm. Results show that (1) both groups of ATD subjects depend less
      on long-term memory (LTM) and more on short-term memory (STM) relative to elderly
      control subjects, (2) mild ATD subjects show less LTM encoding than moderate ATD
      subjects, (3) moderate ATD subjects retrieve a smaller portion of the items
      presumed to be encoded into LTM than do mild ATD subjects, and (4) high-imagery
      words increase LTM encoding and retrieval as compared to low-imagery words for
      moderate ATD subjects only. These results are explained by the inability of ATD
      subjects to attend to more than one component of the list-learning task, in
      conjunction with differences in the deployment of attention between mild and
      moderate ATD subjects.

PMID- 4027060
TI  - Processing of faces by patients with unilateral hemisphere lesions. I.
      Dissociation between judgments of facial affect and facial identity.
AB  - In this study, right-hemisphere-damaged (RHD) subjects performed significantly
      worse than LHD and NHD controls across a series of seven facial identity and
      facial affect tasks. Even when the patient groups were statistically equated on a
      measure of visuoperceptual ability, the RHD group remained impaired on three
      emotional tasks--naming, picking, and discriminating emotional faces. These
      findings suggest that the defects shown by RHD patients on facial affect tasks
      cannot be solely attributed to defects in visuoperceptual processing and that the
      right-hemisphere superiority for processing facial affect exists above and beyond
      its superiority for processing facial identity.

PMID- 4027061
TI  - Right-hemisphere interactions in picture-word processing.
AB  - The processing of pictures was investigated in three experiments which eliminated
      the response effects involved in naming. When a categorization task was used,
      clear advantages in response latency and accuracy were observed for left visual
      field (LVF) presentations. This was in contrast to previous investigations which
      have used a naming task and which have reported right visual-field (RVF)
      advantages. When a distracting word was added to the display, the pattern of
      influence also changed from that reported previously. The use of naming tasks has
      indicated predominantly left-hemisphere effects, with demonstrations of
      interactions between pictures and words in the RVF. With a categorization task in
      Experiment 2, however, the only effective words were those related in meaning to
      the picture, and only when they were projected to the right hemisphere. The third
      experiment confirmed the LVF advantage for picture processing with masked
      displays, but found no reliable asymmetry with unmasked presentations. The
      pattern of semantic facilitation was also confirmed with the masked displays, but
      when the mask was removed an inhibition effect replaced the facilitation effect.
      These effects are interpreted as indicating that picture recognition is localized
      within the right cerebral hemisphere. It is suggested that the facilitating
      effect of related words is restricted to the left hemisphere because it is an
      effect upon recognition processes, whereas the inhibition effect reflects
      response competition. It is also suggested that previous reports of left
      hemisphere interference effects are due to effects of response competition in
      naming tasks.

PMID- 4027062
TI  - Human medial temporal-lobe stimulation disrupts both formation and retrieval of
      recent memories.
AB  - Disrupting medial temporal-lobe (MTL) activity for less than a second, either
      during the initial presentation of a complex scene or when it is presented again
      1 min later, severely impairs recognition at the second presentation. MTL
      disruption during both presentation and recognition periods produces further
      impairment. These results are not consistent with views limiting MTL function
      solely to encoding or solely to retrieval mechanisms.

PMID- 4027063
TI  - Morphologic asymmetries of the face: a review.
AB  - It has been suggested that asymmetries in the morphological properties of the
      face contribute to or produce asymmetries in facial emotional expression. Over 50
      years of research on hard tissue, soft tissue, and facial surface asymmetries is
      reviewed here. Generally, it appears that if consistent asymmetry characterizes
      facial morphology, it is extremely small in magnitude or characterizes regions
      yet to be examined. In contrast, marked homology and asymmetry in regional size
      and area has been noted often. At present, it does not appear that asymmetry in
      facial morphology is associated with facial expressive asymmetry, with the latter
      more likely to be an outcome of functional brain asymmetry.

PMID- 4027064
TI  - Parafoveal attention in congenitally deaf and hearing young adults.
AB  - This reaction-time study compared the performance of 20 congenitally and
      profoundly deaf, and 20 hearing college students on a parafoveal stimulus
      detection task in which centrally presented prior cues varied in their
      informativeness about stimulus location. In one condition, subjects detected a
      parafoveally presented circle with no other information being present in the
      visual field. In another condition, spatially complex and task-irrelevant foveal
      information was present which the subjects were instructed to ignore. The results
      showed that although both deaf and hearing people utilized cues to direct
      attention to specific locations and had difficulty in ignoring foveal
      information, deaf people were more proficient in redirecting attention from one
      spatial location to another in the presence of irrelevant foveal information.
      These results suggest that differences exist in the development of attentional
      mechanisms in deaf and hearing people. Both groups showed an overall right visual
      field advantage in stimulus detection which was attenuated when the irrelevant
      foveal information was present. These results suggest a left-hemisphere
      superiority for detection of parafoveally presented stimuli independent of cue
      informativeness for both groups.

PMID- 4027065
TI  - The effects of distance between interactants and subject anxiety on conjugate
      lateral eye movements.
AB  - Ehrlichman and Weinberger (1978, Psychological Bulletin 85, 1080-1101) have
      suggested that the distance between participants during face-to-face interviewing
      may be a significant determinant of directional patterns of conjugate lateral eye
      movements (CLEMS). As predicted, at the longer, social distance CLEMS were
      dependent on the verbal or spatial nature of questions; when interactants were at
      a closer, personal distance CLEMS became more consistent in direction, regardless
      of problem type. Distance manipulation also differentially altered CLEM patterns
      for the two sexes.

PMID- 4027066
TI  - Feature-processing deficits following brain injury. I. Overselectivity in
      recognition memory for compound stimuli.
AB  - A previous experiment (S. Wayland & J.E. Taplin, 1982, Brain and Language, 16, 87
      108) demonstrated that aphasic subjects had particular difficulty performing a
      categorization task, which for normals involves abstraction of a prototype from a
      set of patterns and sorting of other patterns with reference to this prototype.
      This study extended the investigation to a recognition memory task similarly
      organized in categorical structure. The aim was to replicate the previous
      findings and to delineate the precise nature of aphasics' difficulties with such
      tasks. Aphasics were again found to be aberrant in performing this task in
      comparison with normal subjects, nonaphasic brain-injured control subjects also
      demonstrating a departure from normality. The results suggest that the problem
      for brain-injured subjects is one of overselectivity in terms of the features of
      the stimuli to which they respond rather than a difficulty with prototype
      abstraction itself.

PMID- 4027067
TI  - Feature-processing deficits following brain injury. II. Classification learning,
      categorical decision making, and feature production.
AB  - The claim that overselectivity in feature processing underlies the disorders that
      aphasics display in processing both visual and verbal material was directly
      tested by exploring the relationships between the behavior of brain-injured
      subjects on three experimental tasks: classification learning, categorical
      decision making, and feature production. From each of these tests a score
      selected as being indicative of overselective responding was entered into a
      principal components analysis, together with measures of visual recognition and
      memory, visual reasoning, naming skills, and severity of aphasia. This analysis
      supported the assumption that feature-processing disability is a specific and
      separable deficit, although related both to naming ability and to severity of
      aphasia. The relevance of the overselectivity hypothesis to naming difficulties
      following brain injury is discussed.

PMID- 4027068
TI  - [The role of a child neurologist in Sapporo Child Welfare Center].

PMID- 4027069
TI  - [Neuropathology of brainstem in severe cerebral palsy mainly due to perinatal
      asphyxia].

PMID- 4027070
TI  - [A study on development of Landau reaction].

PMID- 4027071
TI  - [Cerebral infarction in children. Clinical analysis of functional prognosis in 24
      cases].

PMID- 4027072
TI  - [Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials to peroneal nerve stimulation in
      juvenile diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4027073
TI  - [Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I in early childhood. Clinical
      features and the findings of nerve pathology].

PMID- 4027074
TI  - [Neuropathological study of infantile spasms].

PMID- 4027075
TI  - [Clinical application of peripheral, spinal and central conduction velocities
      following stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve].

PMID- 4027076
TI  - [Romano-Ward syndrome: two cases treated as epilepsy].

PMID- 4027077
TI  - [Hematoma of the basal ganglia in the newborn: non-surgical treatment].

PMID- 4027078
TI  - [Optimum dosage regimen of intermittent oral diazepam for the prevention of
      recurrent febrile convulsions--pharmacokinetics of diazepam after repeated oral
      administration].

PMID- 4027079
TI  - [Head NMR CT in Hand-Schuller-Christian disease].

PMID- 4027080
TI  - [A case of hyperCKemia with mounding phenomenon].

PMID- 4027081
TI  - [Cerebellar degeneration in chronic alcoholism: with special reference to an
      autopsied case showing the restricted form of cerebellar cortical degeneration
      (Victor)].
AB  - The brains of 8 patients with chronic alcoholism were neuropathologically
      examined. The findings obtained in the cerebellum of case 1 (male, aged 52) were
      in agreement with the restricted form of cerebellar cortical degeneration which
      was described by Victor et al (1958). The clinicopathological report on the
      cerebellar degeneration of this type was very rare in Japan. The cerebellar
      changes were more pronounced in the anterior vermis than in the posterior vermis
      and hemisphere. Furthermore, some old lesions of Wernicke's encephalopathy were
      found in this brain. 7 other cases showed very mild cerebellar degeneration.
      Partial loss of Purkinje cells was found near the tops of cerebellar folia. But
      their distribution and intensity had no individual variation and there was no
      tendency that the anterior vermis was more affected. This fact suggests that the
      alcoholic cerebellar degeneration may have some other cause than the direct toxic
      effect of ethylalcohol or its metabolites. The etiology of this disease was
      discussed with reference to thiamine deficiency and mal-nutrition.

PMID- 4027082
TI  - [Studies on ultrastructural changes in perivascular cells (F.G.P.) of small
      cerebral vessels at the initial stage after cold injury--chronological
      observations on F.G.P. within 24 hours].
AB  - As the potentiated cells in reaction to cerebral edema and damage, microglia,
      astrocytes and macrophages had been listed. Recent neuropathological study
      elucidated that most of cerebral macrophages were derived from blood leucocytes
      including monocytes. Several years ago, one of the authors reported the presence
      of histiocytic cells in perivascular space and named them as fluorescent granular
      perithelial (F.G.P.) cells from their morphological characteristics. The present
      paper is concerned with the response of the F.G.P. cells to the vasogenic edema
      induced with cold injury. The animals employed were Wistar male rats aged 3
      months. At 2, 6, 10, and 24 hours after the cold injury, cerebral cortex was
      excised, and specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopical
      observations. As already reported, the F.G.P. cells included autofluorescent and
      PAS positive granules. The intracellular granules were rich in hydrolytic enzymes
      and lack in sudanophile substances. The F.G.P. cells were derived from
      leptomeningeal cells and acquired uptake capacity for exo- and endogenous
      substance after birth. In this paper, the F.G.P. cells locating in the boundary
      between cold injured and healthy regions were observed. At 2 to 10 hours after
      cold injury, the F.G.P. cells were vacuolated and swollen, and the electron
      opacity of them decreased moderately. Lipoidal substance appeared in the
      intracellular granules first at 2 hours and then increased, while the activity of
      acid phosphatase in them became low in corresponding with a time interval after
      the cold injury. At this period, occasionally the F.G.P. cells possessed a
      complicated boundary to astrocytes surrounding them. In general, such
      morphological changes were reversible and recovered partially around at 24
      hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027083
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid absorption mechanism--based on measurement of CSF flow rate
      in shunt tube].
AB  - The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption mechanism in cases of hydrocephalus was
      investigated on the basis of measurements of CSF flow in a shunt tube after
      ventriculo-peritoneal shunt surgery, monitoring of intracranial pressure, CT
      findings, radioisotope cisternography, cerebral blood flow, EEG, PSP tests and
      changes in neurological findings. The subjects were 6 males and 7 females aged
      from 18 to 70. CSF flow rates in the shunt tubes were between 0.01 and 1.93
      ml/min. Calculating the daily volume of CSF flow, the subjects were divided into
      two groups: Group A (8 patients) with a volume of less than 150 ml/day (0.01-0.25
      ml/min), and Group B (5 patients) with between 150 and 500 ml/day (0.01-1.93
      ml/min). Monitoring of intracranial pressure prior to the shunt operation was
      performed in 10 cases. These pressure values ranged between 4 and 25 mmHg (mean:
      7-8 mmHg), and there was no difference between the two groups. The pre-and post
      operative radioisotope cisternography findings indicated improvement of
      ventricular dilatation, periventricular lucency and ventricular reflux. After the
      shunt operations, there was neurological improvement in 6 of the 8 Group A cases
      but only in 2 of the 5 Group B cases. Considering the CSF flow volumes of the two
      groups, it appears that in Group A the shunt tube is not the main CSF circulation
      pathway. This could mean that resistance to CSF absorption in the cerebrospinal
      space has decreased after the shunt operation and there has been recovery of the
      physiological CSF absorption pathways. In other words, neurological improvement
      can be expected in this group A.

PMID- 4027084
TI  - [Threshold of penicillin induced epileptiform afterdischarge in brain slices of
      guinea pig].
AB  - Investigation of the regional threshold for epilepsy in many structures in the
      brain would contribute to the study of epileptogenesis. So we studied the
      threshold for epileptiform afterdischarge in the neocortex, hippocampus and
      cerebellar cortex using Na-Penicillin -G (Pc) of which epileptogenesis has been
      intensively investigated. In order to eliminate the influence from the outside of
      these structures, the brain slice method was utilized. Procedures for preparation
      of the tissue and incubation were about the same as those described by Yamamoto.
      In summary, after sacrifice, brain of the guinea pig was taken out and the
      hippocampus, neocortex and cerebellum were cut with a razor blade under a
      microscope. The thickness of the section was about 0.3 mm. Slices were incubated
      at 37 degrees C for about 30 min in the standard medium perfused with 95% O2 and
      0% CO2. The chamber was continuously perfused with the standard medium which
      composed of NaCl, 124 mM, KCl, 5: KH2PO4, 1.24; MgSO4, 1.3; CaCl2, 2.4; NaHCO3,
      26; and glucose, 10. Evoked potentials were elicited by electrical stimulation in
      the standard medium. Mossy fibers were stimulated and responses were recorded
      from the CA3 area in the hippocampus by glass pipette microelectrode. Subcortical
      white matter was stimulated and responses were recorded from the Purkinje cell
      layer in the cerebellum. Pc was added in the standard medium until epileptiform
      afterdischarges were superimposed on the evoked potentials. The results of this
      experiment demonstrated that each structure in the brain has a regional own
      threshold for Pc induced epileptiform afterdischarge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4027085
TI  - [Brain lipid metabolism during early period of global ischemia--with reference to
      the enzymes related to membrane phospholipid metabolism].
AB  - It is generally known that free fatty acids (FFA) are liberated from membrane
      phospholipids in the brain tissue during the early period of ischemia. However,
      the precise mechanism of FFA liberation from phospholipids is still unclear, even
      though it is a central topic of neurosurgery. As an initial step toward a better
      understanding of the molecular mechanism, we have investigated the effects of
      global ischemia upon brain lipid metabolism. Brain ischemia was evoked by rat
      decapitation without anesthesia. Removed brains were incubated for 1, 5, 15 or 30
      min at 37 degrees C and then quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen. After extraction
      of total lipids from the brains by Bligh & Dyer's method, the compositions of
      neutral lipids and phospholipids were analyzed by thin-layer and gas-liquid
      chromatography. For assaying deacylating enzyme (phospholipase A) activity, the
      brain homogenate was used as a crude enzyme. The reaction mixture including
      radioactive substrate, buffer (pH 7.3 & 4.0) and enzyme was incubated for 1 hour
      at 37 degrees C. Lipids were extracted from reaction mixture and separated by
      TLC. The enzyme activity was estimated by measuring the radioactivity in FFA or
      lysophosphatidylcholine liberated from L-alpha-di [1-14C] palmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine. The reaction mixture for the assay of reacylating enzyme
      (acyl CoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase) activity, contained acyl CoA,
      lysophosphatidylcholine, DTNB and microsomes, and the enzyme activity was
      determined by the amount of released CoA-SH detected spectrophotometrically. The
      results demonstrated that FFA, either unsaturated or saturated, rapidly
      accumulated in the brain during the early period of ischemia. Di-acylglycerols
      were also produced in the ischemic brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027086
TI  - [The activities of phospholipase A, PI-specific phospholipase C, lipase,
      lysophospholipase and acylCoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase in ischemic brain
      microsomal fraction].
AB  - It has been well recognized that acyl groups of phospholipids play an important
      role for structure and function of biomembrane. The turnover of these acyl groups
      in normal brain biomembrane is also well known. Some types of enzymic system
      related to this turnover has been investigated. Phospholipase A, PI-specific
      phospholipase C, lipase, lysophospholipase and acylCoA: lysophospholipid
      acyltransferase belong to these enzymic systems. In this report, the sequential
      changes of phospholipase A, PI-specific phospholipase C, lipase,
      lysophospholipase and acylCoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase activities in
      ischemic rat brain were examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the
      enzymic changes of deacylation-reacylation cycle of biomembrane phospholipid in
      ischemic brain. Ischemic brain were produced by decapitation and activities of 5
      enzymes were assayed in microsomal fraction. The activities of phospholipase A,
      PI-specific phospholipase C, lipase showed high value during early stage of
      ischemia for 15 or 30 min and then decreased gradually. Lysophospholipase
      activity was not changed for 120 min. On the other hand, acylCoA:
      lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity showed gradual decrease from the
      beginning of ischemia. There are some reports that in early ischemic stage, the
      concent of free fatty acids increase, while that of phospholipid decrease. The
      present results may suggest that the changes of free fatty acid and phospholipid
      in ischemic brain are related to these enzymic system.

PMID- 4027087
TI  - [Diagnosis of spinal diseases with magnetic resonance imaging].

PMID- 4027088
TI  - [Intracranial anomalies in myelomeningocele--observation with magnetic resonance
      (MR) imaging].
AB  - It is generally accepted that myelomeningocele frequently associates with Arnold
      Chiari malformation and other anomalies of the intracranial structures. The
      ventriculographic and CT findings of the patients with myelomeningocele has been
      reported. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is useful to observe the coronal and
      sagittal images of the brain in order to speculate the etiological mechanism of
      myelomeningocele and its associated anomalies. We experienced three cases of
      myelomeningocele and reviewed their MR images using coronal and sagittal
      tomography in spin echo and inversion recovery technique. The morphological
      detail of MR images as to the intracranial structures was presented. Possible
      mechanism of the anomalous structures of the brain in myelomeningocele was also
      described.

PMID- 4027089
TI  - [Myelin formation of the dorsal root ganglion cells of the senile rat in long
      term culture].
AB  - Using the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), long-term cultures were done in neonatal
      (control) and senile (experimental) rats. The morphological analysis on myelin
      sheath formation was carried out by light microscopy, electron microscopy and
      image analyzing apparatus. The results are as follows: The neurites of senile DRG
      cells appeared 7 days later than the neurites of neonatal DRG cells. While the
      myelinations were observed in neonatal DRG culture by the third week,
      myelinations of senile DRG were also formed 7 days later. The myelin sheaths in
      both neonatal and senile DRG cultures looked much like those which were formed in
      vivo, but the number of myelinations in senile DRG culture was fewer than that of
      the neonatal DRG culture. In observations by electron microscopy, myelin lamellae
      numbered about 20 in both neonatal and senile DRG cultures with normal-appearing
      axon structures as seen in vivo. The discontinuities in the external lamina of
      Schwann cells were not observed in both the neonatal and senile DRG cultures. In
      the morphological analysis of neonatal and senile DRG cultures, the internodal
      length, diameter of myelin sheath and the length of nodal gap (distance between
      the rounded end of the compact myelin) were measured by image analyzing apparatus
      (MAGISCAN-I, Joyce Loebl LTD.) with Sudan black B stain. Although the internodal
      length of myelin sheath in senile DRG culture (144.9 +/- 40.7 microns) proved to
      be significantly longer than the neonatal DRG culture (131.6 +/- 26.2 microns) (p
      less than 0.01), the diameter of myelin sheath showed no significant difference
      between neonatal (2.9 +/- 0.7 micron) and senile (2.8 +/- 0.7 micron)
      DRG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027090
TI  - Histomorphometric changes in the trabecular structure of a selected stress region
      in the femur in patients with osteoarthritis and fracture of the femoral neck.
AB  - Histomorphometric changes in the trabecular structure of the principal
      compressive stress region in the femur in patients with osteoarthritis and
      fracture of the femoral neck are described. Femoral heads were obtained from
      patients who had surgery for the treatment of femoral neck fracture or total hip
      replacement for advanced osteoarthritis. Blocks from the principal compressive
      region of a coronal slice were sampled systematically to prepare 10 microns
      sections for automated analysis. There was no significant difference in the
      mineral bone content of the osteoarthritic (OA) and fractured neck of femur
      (FNOF) cases or between males and females for each group. The regression of
      mineralized bone on age was significant for OA data, showing a decrease in
      mineralized bone volume with age, whereas there was no significant relationship
      for the FNOF data. Surface density was significantly lower in the OA group than
      in the FNOF group despite the fact there is no difference in the mineralized
      bone. The regression of surface density on age was not statistically significant
      in both groups, although regression of surface density on the mineralized bone
      was significant for both groups and demonstrated that OA cases generated less
      surface than FNOF cases for the same amount of mineralized bone volume. The
      trabeculae in OA were significantly thicker than in FNOF, and spacing in OA was
      significantly greater than in FNOF. The regression of trabecular thickness and
      spacing on age was not significant for either OA or FNOF. For OA, thickness and
      spacing showed a significant regression on the mineralized bone volume, positive
      and negative, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027092
TI  - Trabecular bone resorption depth decreases with age: differences between normal
      males and females.
AB  - The resorption depth below osteoclasts, mononuclear cells, and preosteoblast-like
      cells can be estimated by counting the number of lamellae of known thickness
      eroded below the three cell types. In a previous study on bone resorption in
      young normal individuals, we demonstrated that the mean depth below osteoclasts
      was smaller than the mean depth below mononuclear cells, which again was smaller
      than the mean depth below preosteoblast-like cells, the last taken as the final
      depth reached. In order to investigate the variation in resorption depth with age
      in both sexes, we examined bone biopsy specimens from 42 normal females and 34
      normal males aged 17-90 years. For each patient the mean osteoclastic,
      mononuclear, and preosteoblast-like cell resorption depths were calculated, and
      the surface extensions of the three types of resorption lacunae were determined.
      The surface extent of preosteoblast-like cell lacunae increased with age in
      females (p less than 0.05). Osteoclastic resorption depth was constant throughout
      the ages in females as well as in males. Mononuclear and preosteoblast-like cell
      resorption depths decreased significantly with age in females (p less than 0.01
      and p less than 0.05, respectively) as well as in males (p less than 0.05 and p
      less than 0.01, respectively). The mean depth of lacunae where resorption had
      terminated (i.e., preosteoblast-like cell resorption depth) was larger in females
      aged 30-60 years than in men of the same age (p less than 0.05). The reduction in
      final resorption depth with age is parallel to the decrease in mean thickness of
      completed walls previously described.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027091
TI  - Prevalence of bone demineralization in the United States.
AB  - A study of the distribution and prevalence of bone demineralization in the US
      population is reported. Based on the HANES I Survey data that incorporated bone
      density examination of V-2 by the Goldsmith and Vose techniques in a national
      sample of 6030 adults, it was observed that (1) age-adjusted bone density
      differences between sexes were consistently found when controlling for race (the
      prevalence of low bone density was greater among females than males) and (2)
      whites of both sexes had higher prevalence of low density than blacks in most age
      sex categories.

PMID- 4027093
TI  - A classification of in vivo bone labels after double labeling in canine bones.
AB  - Labeling patterns were classified after double bone labeling of four male
      beagles, 10 months of age. Calcein and oxytetracycline were given on the 18th and
      the 7th day prior to simultaneous iliac and 11th rib biopsies. Undecalcified
      sections stained with the Villanueva bone stain were studied by epifluorescence
      microscopy. Five structures were identified and classified: the first or green
      label, the interlabel layer of mineralized bone, the second or yellow label, the
      post double-labeled mineralized bone layer, and osteoid seams. Doubly plus singly
      labeled surface equalled 40.8 +/- 8.4% of the total trabecular surface of the
      ilium. Doubly labeled surface as a percent of the total labeled surfaces equaled
      55.5% in trabeculae and 68.1% in osteons, whereas green first-singly labeled
      surface equaled 24.2% and 11.9%, respectively, and yellow second-singly labeled
      surface equaled 20.3% and 20.0%, respectively. Unequivocal examples appeared in
      both biopsy sites of all four dogs of bone-forming systems that lacked one or the
      other label, or both, and also of systems in which cessation of mineralization or
      of new matrix formation occurred between the two labels and between the second
      label and the day of biopsy. The findings prove that the On-Off states in active
      bone-forming sites that have been postulated by other investigators do exist.
      Since widely different labeling patterns appeared in different bone-forming
      centers in the same bone and the same animal, a local factor rather than a
      systemic one should control those differences at the level of the BMU.

PMID- 4027095
TI  - Lipid changes in the bones of the healing vitamin D-deficient phosphate-deficient
      rat.
AB  - The bones of vitamin D-deficient, phosphate-deficient rats have a lipid
      composition that is significantly different from that of normal bones.
      Specifically, these bones have elevated cholesterol and reduced lysophosphatide
      and free fatty acid contents. Treatment of these animals with a single dose of
      vitamin D and phosphate produces healing within 72 h and causes rapid corrections
      of alterations in growth plate and cancellous bone lipid composition. Healing of
      the rachitic/osteomalacic state in these animals was demonstrated
      radiographically and histologically. Histomorphometric measurements showed that
      the relative osteoid volume of the cancellous bone rapidly approached the 7%
      value of normal controls, decreasing from 29% in the rachitic animals to 16% by
      12 h and 8.5% by 72 h. Significant changes in ash weight, Ca:P ratio, and crystal
      lite size and perfection were detectable at 12 h, with these parameters
      approaching values found in normal animals within 72 h. Calcium-acidic
      phospholipid-phosphate complexes, which are known to promote hydroxyapatite
      formation, peaked in concentration at 12 h in epiphysis, cancellous, and cortical
      bone, returning rapidly to normal values after that time. In untreated animals
      the complexed acidic phospholipid content of the nonmineralized epiphysis was
      comparable to that in normal mineralizing epiphysis, whereas the content of the
      complexes was reduced in the cancellous bones of the untreated animals.

PMID- 4027094
TI  - The influence of dietary calcium on kidney calcification and renal function in
      rats fed high-phosphate diets.
AB  - This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that kidney calcification
      caused by high dietary phosphorus intake can be prevented by increasing the
      calcium content of the diet, because the latter reduces the intestinal P
      absorption. The investigation was conducted in rats fed semipurified diets with
      either a low (0.15%) or a high (1.20%) P content. Although dietary Ca
      supplementation (as CaCO3 or CaCl2) reduced the intestinal P absorption, it did
      not prevent kidney calcification induced by high dietary P. On the contrary, when
      CaCO3 was supplemented for 16 weeks, renal calcification increased, probably due
      to the alkaline nature of this salt. Both CaCO3 and CaCl2 in the high-P diets
      adversely influenced Mg use. This might explain the failure of these salts to
      prevent kidney calcification.

PMID- 4027097
TI  - Inhibition of bone matrix apposition by (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1
      bisphosphonate (AHPrBP) in the mouse.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism of action of (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1
      bisphosphonate (AHPrBP, formerly APD) on bone metabolism, we have studied the
      influence of low doses of AHPrBP on bone resorption and formation in the mouse.
      Thirty-five-day-old mice were given daily injections of 0.16, 1.6, or 16 mumol/kg
      BW per day of AHPrBP for 10 days. At sacrifice biochemical parameters were
      measured in serum and bone ash, and histomorphometric parameters of bone
      formation and resorption were determined on undecalcified sections of caudal
      vertebrae after double 3H-proline and double tetracycline labelings. Serum
      calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels remained normal at all dosage levels.
      Compared to controls, AHPrBP at doses of 1.6 and 16 mumol/kg per day increased
      the number of osteoclasts and the number of nuclei per osteoclast but markedly
      decreased the number of acid phosphatase-stained osteoclasts. Thus, AHPrBP
      appears to inhibit osteoclastic activity in vivo in part through reduction of
      acid phosphatase activity. At doses of 1.6 and 16 mumol/kg per day AHPrBP reduced
      serum alkaline phosphatase and the osteoblastic surface and decreased the
      endosteal osteoid surface and thickness. Both the matrix apposition rate and the
      mineral apposition rate were progressively reduced at the endosteal level,
      although they were not significantly changed at the periosteal level. Greater
      inhibition of bone resorption than bone formation resulted in increased endosteal
      bone density and bone mineral content. AHPrBP at a dose of 0.16 mumol/kg per day
      did not alter either the osteoclastic bone resorption or the mineral and matrix
      apposition rates.

PMID- 4027096
TI  - Isolation of matrix vesicles by isoelectric focusing in Pevikon-Sephadex.
AB  - We have investigated the use of an isoelectric focusing (IEF) technique for
      isolating and characterizing matrix vesicles. Focusing was performed on crude
      preparations of matrix vesicles isolated from collagenase digests of chick
      epiphyseal cartilage and purified by discontinuous sucrose gradient
      centrifugation. Crude and partially purified vesicle preparations were subjected
      to flat bed IEF in a slurry of Pevikon-Sephadex. Partially purified matrix
      vesicles focused as a narrow band (pI congruent to to 6.5). Alkaline phosphatase,
      solubilized from matrix vesicles, focused with a pl of 4.0-4.5. The IEF profile
      of matrix vesicles also differed from that of chondrocyte membranes. Thus, the
      membrane pls were congruent to to 5.4 and 6.6-7.8, respectively. The latter peak
      probably corresponded to the pl of the matrix vesicle preparation. This
      observation lends support to the view that vesicles originate from distinct
      regions of the chondrocyte membrane.

PMID- 4027098
TI  - Evoked responses--a neurophysiological indicator of depth of anaesthesia?

PMID- 4027099
TI  - Cerebral electrical activity influences the effects of etomidate on cerebral
      perfusion pressure in traumatic coma.
AB  - The effects of 124 boluses of etomidate 0.2 mg kg-1 i.v. on intracranial pressure
      (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were
      studied in eight patients with severe head injury (Glasgow coma score less than
      8). The data were divided into two groups based on the minimum voltage of the
      cerebral function monitor (CFM) recording before the bolus. In group A this was
      less than 5 microV (representing profound cortical electrical depression), while
      in group B the minimum voltage was greater than 5 microV. The mean decrease in
      ICP following etomidate was significantly greater in group B (mean +/- SEM: -8.6
      +/- 0.7 mm Hg) than in group A (-3.8 +/- 0.6 mm Hg) (P less than 0.0001). The
      decrease in arterial pressure was similar in both groups. Consequently, there was
      a small mean increase in CPP in group B (2.2 +/- 0.9 mm Hg), whereas in group A
      CPP decreased (-4.7 +/- 1.5 mm Hg) (P less than 0.001). There was a strong
      correlation between the decreases in ICP and MAP in group A (r = 0.70, P less
      than 0.01), but not in group B (r = 0.05). Thus, when cortical electrical
      activity was already maximally suppressed, further administration of an i.v.
      anaesthetic agent produced only relatively small decreases in ICP, largely as a
      passive response to decreases in MAP. CPP was therefore usually reduced.
      Conversely, in the absence of such depression larger decreases in ICP, unrelated
      to hypotension, occurred and these were usually associated with increases in CPP.
      However, even under these circumstances, potentially dangerous decreases in CPP
      may be seen.

PMID- 4027100
TI  - Depression of cortical somatosensory evoked potentials by nitrous oxide.
AB  - The effects of the inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide on somatosensory evoked
      potentials during a fentanyl-oxygen anaesthetic technique for central nervous
      system surgery were evaluated. The latency and amplitude of the first cortical
      wave were obtained using conventional somatosensory techniques with median or
      posterior tibial nerve stimulation. Data were collected before and after the
      inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen introduced at the conclusion of the
      surgical procedure. The addition of nitrous oxide was associated with consistent
      decreases in the amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials, but with no
      significant changes in latency. Since no electrical, physiological, or surgical
      event was associated with these changes, the results suggest that they were
      attributable to nitrous oxide per se.

PMID- 4027101
TI  - Effects of anaesthetic technique on deep vein thrombosis. A comparison of
      subarachnoid and general anaesthesia.
AB  - Forty patients with fractured neck of femur were allocated randomly to undergo
      surgery under general anaesthesia (GA) or subarachnoid anaesthesia (SAB). After
      operation, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), assessed by venography,
      was found to be 40% in the SAB group, which was significantly lower than the
      incidence (76.2%) in the GA group. These observations may account for the
      previously reported effect of SAB, in comparison with GA, in reducing early
      postoperative mortality in this category of patient.

PMID- 4027102
TI  - Morphine sulphate slow release. Comparison with i.m. morphine for postoperative
      analgesia.
AB  - Eighty patients undergoing abdominal surgery were studied after operation.
      Morphine was administered regularly every 4 h by either the i.m. (morphine
      sulphate 10 mg) or the oral route (MST Continus 20 mg) in a double-blind double
      dummy trial. Both MST and i.m. morphine provided satisfactory postoperative
      analgesia, but significantly greater amounts of supplementary i.m. morphine were
      required in the MST group. More adverse effects were reported by the patients in
      the i.m. morphine group. The mean serum morphine concentration in 12 patients in
      the MST group was 1.7 ng ml-1 at 08.00 h and 19.5 ng ml-1 at 16.00 h on the 1st
      day after operation, suggesting impaired gastric emptying in the early
      postoperative period. It is therefore recommended that further studies of the
      bioavailability of MST in the early postoperative period be undertaken before any
      recommendations are made regarding its routine use for pain relief at that time.

PMID- 4027103
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of phenoperidine in anaesthetized patients undergoing general
      surgery.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of phenoperidine have been studied in five anaesthetized
      patients receiving a 2-mg bolus dose i.v. Plasma concentrations were measured
      using a sensitive radioimmunoassay method. The distribution of phenoperidine was
      described according to a two-compartment open model. The mean distribution half
      life (T1/2 alpha) for the five patients was short (2.2 min); the mean elimination
      half-life (T1/2 beta) was 193 min. The mean whole body clearance was 22 ml min-1
      kg-1 and the apparent steady state distribution volume (VSS) was 5.7 litre kg-1.
      Secondary concentration peaks occurred in all patients; in two patients these
      were substantial and occurred 80 min after injection.

PMID- 4027104
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of phenoperidine in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Phenoperidine concentrations were studied, using radioimmunoassay, in five
      patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Administration of
      phenoperidine consisted of a 5-mg bolus dose followed by constant infusion of 5
      mg h-1. Before cardiopulmonary bypass, phenoperidine concentrations were stable
      in an individual patient, but there was a large scatter between patients. The
      concentrations decreased immediately following the start of the bypass, but this
      decrease was short. During cardiopulmonary bypass, the phenoperidine
      concentrations increased progressively and were greater at the end of the bypass
      than before it. The increase in concentration continued following the
      discontinuation of bypass. The ratios of change of the observed results were in
      accord with a theoretical evaluation, although the observed concentrations were
      all greater than those calculated, except at one point. This difference in
      phenoperidine concentration is probably related to an alteration of liver plasma
      flow. Haemodilution as a result of the priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass
      circuit played only a transient role.

PMID- 4027105
TI  - Extradural analgesia in the management of singleton breech delivery.
AB  - Ninety-four singleton vaginal breech deliveries conducted under extradural
      analgesia were compared with 277 singleton vaginal breech deliveries conducted
      without extradural analgesia. Mean duration of the first stage of labour was
      similar in both groups. Mean duration of the second stage of labour was prolonged
      and mean 1-min Apgar scores were less in fetuses weighing more than 2500 g in the
      extradural group. Mean 5-min Apgar scores, perinatal morbidity and maternal
      complications were similar in both groups.

PMID- 4027106
TI  - Effect of halothane on spinal somatosensory evoked potentials in sheep.
AB  - The effects of increasing concentrations of halothane on the morphology of spinal
      somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were studied in seven anaesthetized sheep.
      Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained with nitrous oxide in
      oxygen. Ventilation was controlled throughout. Arterial pressure, temperature and
      end-tidal carbon dioxide tension were monitored. A lumbar laminectomy was
      performed, the sciatic nerve exposed and a baseline spinal SEP was recorded from
      the surface of the lumbar spinal cord. Halothane was introduced in incremental
      steps of 1% up to 3% and further SEP were recorded. These recordings revealed
      that the spinal SEP peak latencies and general waveform configuration were stable
      under halothane anaesthesia. Baseline SEP amplitude was similar to that obtained
      with 1% halothane; however, at concentrations of 2% halothane or greater, there
      was a significant (P less than 0.005) attenuation of all components of the spinal
      SEP. These findings have important anaesthetic implications for patients
      undergoing spinal cord monitoring using SEP, although interspecies differences
      may occur.

PMID- 4027107
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of low-pressure tracheal tube cuffs: large-volume v. low
      volume.
AB  - Large- and low-volume low-pressure tracheal tube cuffs were compared during
      exposure to nitrous oxide. The compliance of both types of cuff when measured
      inside and outside an artificial rigid trachea, the volume of intubated cuff, the
      residual volume, the nitrous oxide diffusion time, and the specific diffusion
      rate of the cuff membrane to nitrous oxide were measured in the laboratory. From
      these variables, the diffusion rate of nitrous oxide, the surface area available
      for nitrous oxide diffusion, the tracheal wall pressure exerted by cuff, and the
      degree of folding of the intubated cuff were derived. The results showed that the
      rapid increase in pressure of the large-volume cuff when intubated was caused by
      low compliance, the large surface area available for nitrous oxide diffusion, and
      the considerable permeability of the cuff membrane to nitrous oxide.

PMID- 4027108
TI  - Monitoring of brainstem auditory evoked potentials during basilar artery
      occlusion in man.
AB  - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were recorded during surgery as a
      monitor of brainstem function in three patients undergoing posterior fossa
      surgery for clipping of basilar aneurysms. In two patients, ligation of the
      basilar artery, and of a vertebral artery, was associated with deterioration in
      BAEP and resulted in postoperative brainstem dysfunction. In the third patient,
      postoperative transient neurological dysfunction occurred following temporary
      occlusion of the basilar artery and this correlated with intra- and postoperative
      changes in BAEP. BAEP monitoring is recommended where temporary or permanent
      occlusion of the vertebrobasilar system is planned.

PMID- 4027109
TI  - Effect of naloxone on loss of consciousness induced by i.v. ketamine.

PMID- 4027110
TI  - 'Esophageal Gastric Tube Airway'--a potential hazard.

PMID- 4027111
TI  - Hypoglycaemia in children undergoing outpatient procedures.

PMID- 4027112
TI  - Metastatic carcinoma in the extradural space.

PMID- 4027113
TI  - CSF pharmacokinetics of extradural morphine.

PMID- 4027114
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias and adrenaline infiltration during gynaecological
      surgery.

PMID- 4027115
TI  - Attempts to phenotype human liver samples in vitro for debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase
      activity.
AB  - Twenty-eight samples of human liver have been characterised for cytochrome P-450
      content, aldrin epoxidase, debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase and bufuralol 1'
      hydroxylase activities. Evidence is presented here and elsewhere that bufuralol
      1'-hydroxylase and debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase are activities catalysed by the
      same form of cytochrome P-450 in man, and that this form is different from that
      catalysing the epoxidation of aldrin. Attempts to phenotype liver samples in
      vitro, in the absence of any metabolic data in vivo for debrisoquine 4
      hydroxylation status, met with limited success. A combination of enzyme assays
      will most probably be required in any such phenotyping of human liver samples.

PMID- 4027116
TI  - Effects of verapamil on calcium-induced rigidity and on filterability of red
      blood cells from healthy volunteers and patients with progressive systemic
      sclerosis.
AB  - The effects of verapamil on calcium-induced decrease deformability of red blood
      cells (RBCs) and on the filterability of RBCs from healthy volunteers and
      patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were investigated in vitro
      using a gravity driven filtration technique. The filterability of RBCs was
      increased by verapamil 1 microgram/ml (P less than 0.01) in healthy volunteers (P
      less than 0.05) and in patients with PSS (P less than 0.05). A high concentration
      of verapamil (200 micrograms/ml) caused an 80% reduction (P less than 0.05) in
      the filterability of RBCs from healthy volunteers. The filterability of RBCs
      stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h was increased by 1 microgram/ml verapamil (P less
      than 0.05). Verapamil (1 microgram/ml) prevented the decrease in deformability of
      RBCs due to an increase in either extracellular or intracellular calcium
      concentrations (P less than 0.05). By increasing red cell filterability verapamil
      may be useful in the treatment of PSS and other peripheral vascular diseases
      where decreased red cell deformability may play an important role in the
      pathogenesis.

PMID- 4027117
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of primaquine in man. I. Studies of the absolute bioavailability
      and effects of dose size.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of primaquine have been examined in five healthy volunteers
      who received single oral doses of 15, 30 and 45 mg of the drug, on separate
      occasions. Each subject received an i.v. tracer dose of [14C]-primaquine (7.5
      microCi), simultaneously with the 45 mg oral dose. Absorption of primaquine was
      virtually complete with a mean absolute bioavailability of 0.96 +/- 0.08.
      Elimination half-life, oral clearance and apparent volume of distribution for
      both primaquine and the carboxylic acid metabolite were unaffected by either dose
      size, or route of administration. The relationships between area under the curve
      and dose size were linear for both primaquine (r = 0.99, P less than or equal to
      0.01) and its carboxylic acid metabolite (r = 0.99, p less than or equal to
      0.01). The mean whole blood to plasma concentration ratios were determined for
      primaquine (0.81), and for the carboxylic acid metabolite of primaquine (0.84).
      Primaquine is a low clearance compound (CL = 24.2 +/- 7.4 l h-1), is extensively
      distributed into body tissues (V = 242.9 +/- 69.5 l) and is not subject to
      extensive first pass metabolism.

PMID- 4027118
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of primaquine in man. II. Comparison of acute vs chronic dosage
      in Thai subjects.
AB  - We have investigated the pharmacokinetics of primaquine after acute and chronic
      administration of the drug to five healthy Thai volunteers. After acute dosage
      (15 mg p.o.) mean (+/- s.d.) peak plasma concentrations of 65.0 +/- 34.7 ng ml-1
      were achieved within 2 +/- 1h. Thereafter plasma drug concentrations declined
      monoexponentially with a mean elimination half life of 4.4 +/- 1.4 h. The mean
      (+/- s.d.) oral clearance was 37.6 +/- 15.5 1 h-1. These values are in broad
      agreement with values obtained in healthy Caucasians after administration of an
      equivalent dose of primaquine. Repeated dosing with primaquine had no effect on
      the mean pharmacokinetic parameters calculated for this drug. In contrast,
      individual pharmacokinetic parameters for some subjects exhibited gross and
      unpredictable changes after chronic dosage. The carboxylic acid metabolite of
      primaquine accumulated in plasma after repeated dosing such that by day 14 of
      chronic dosing the mean AUC (0,24) for this metabolite was 74% greater than that
      obtained after acute administration of primaquine.

PMID- 4027119
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of high dose metoclopramide in patients with neoplastic
      disease.
AB  - High dose metoclopramide infusions (10 mg/kg) were administered to nineteen
      patients with bronchial carcinoma who were receiving intravenous cyclophosphamide
      as single agent chemotherapy. Considerable interindividual variability in
      metoclopramide disposition was observed. Mean clearance was 0.33 +/- 0.13 (s.d.)
      l h-1 kg-1, mean volume of distribution at steady state was 3.8 +/- 1.2 (s.d.)
      l/kg and mean elimination half-life was 8.3 +/- 4.4 (s.d.) h. These results were
      significantly different from mean values previously reported for young healthy
      volunteers given conventional doses (0.70 l h-1 kg-1, 2.2 l/kg and 2.6 h
      respectively). Significant correlations were found between serum urea, serum
      creatinine and metoclopramide clearance. The metoclopramide regimens were well
      tolerated and, with the exception of two patients, were completely effective in
      the prevention of nausea and vomiting. To achieve and maintain target serum
      metoclopramide concentrations of 1 microgram/ml, we now administer a loading
      infusion of 3.61 mg/kg over 30 min followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.36 mg
      kg-1 h-1 for 10 h. Cyclophosphamide is normally administered concurrently with
      the second infusion. For patients with evidence of mild renal impairment, the
      maintenance infusion rate of metoclopramide hydrochloride should be adjusted
      according to the predicted individual clearance value; CL (l h-1 kg-1) = 0.57 -
      [0.036 X urea (mmol/l)].

PMID- 4027120
TI  - Effect of charcoal-drug ratio on antidotal efficacy of oral activated charcoal in
      man.
AB  - The effect of charcoal-drug ratio on the antidotal efficacy of oral activated
      charcoal was studied in six healthy volunteers in a randomized cross-over study
      and compared with the adsorption capacity of activated charcoal in vitro.
      Aminosalicylic acid (PAS) 1 g and 5 g were ingested on an empty stomach in 30 ml
      of water. Immediately afterwards the subjects ingested 50 g of activated charcoal
      in 300 ml of water or 300 ml of water only. PAS 10 g 20 g were only given with 50
      g of activated charcoal administered immediately afterwards. The plasma
      concentrations and the cumulative excretion of PAS into urine were measured for
      48 h. Increasing the dose of PAS from 1 g to 20 g reduced the antidotal efficacy
      of activated charcoal: at a charcoal-drug ratio of 50:1 under 5% of the dose was
      absorbed but at a ratio of 2.5:1 about 37%. These data correlated well to the
      saturation of adsorption capacity of charcoal in vitro. To minimize the
      possibility of saturation of the adsorption capacity of charcoal in acute
      intoxications where the amount and type of drug taken is usually unknown, large
      doses (50-100 g) of activated charcoal should be used.

PMID- 4027121
TI  - Chlorpromazine--a specific effect on breathlessness?
AB  - Previous work has left unresolved questions on whether promethazine reduces the
      sensation of breathlessness. This study was designed to provide a definitive
      answer and to determine the contributions from promethazine's major
      pharmacological actions. Twelve healthy subjects participated in a double-blind,
      within-subject comparison of promethazine and placebo each given acutely by
      mouth. Breathlessness was assessed with visual analogue scales during a
      progressive exercise test and was related to minute ventilation. Promethazine had
      no significant effect on breathlessness nor on the relationship between
      breathlessness and ventilation. The role of histamine-antagonism was investigated
      in a subgroup of the subjects by administration of mebhydrolin. No effect on
      breathlessness was detected. In contrast, the standard phenothiazine,
      chlorpromazine, caused a marked and statistically significant reduction in
      breathlessness without affecting ventilation and without causing detectable
      sedation. This unexpected finding merits further study in patients and is
      discussed with reference to the role of chlorpromazine as a constituent of
      Brompton's Mixture.

PMID- 4027122
TI  - Hyper-responsiveness of eccrine sweat glands to carbachol in anxiety neurosis:
      comparison of male and female patients.
AB  - The responsiveness of eccrine sweat glands to intradermally injected carbachol
      was studied in six male and six female healthy volunteers and six male and six
      female patients suffering from anxiety neurosis. Consistently greater responses
      to carbachol were obtained in the healthy males than in the healthy females.
      Analysis of the dose-response curves showed that this was reflected in a higher
      value of Emax in the males. Consistently greater responses to carbachol were
      obtained in the anxious males than in the healthy males, this being reflected in
      a higher value of Emax for the anxious subjects. Consistently greater responses
      to carbachol were obtained in the anxious females than in the healthy females,
      this being reflected in a higher value of Emax for the anxious subjects. In
      contrast to the results obtained with the healthy subjects, there was no sex
      related difference in responsiveness to carbachol among the anxious patients. It
      is suggested that the hyper-responsiveness of sweat glands in anxiety states
      involves the sensitization of normally 'dormant' sweat glands by impulse flow in
      sudomotor sympathetic fibres. The upper limit to the value of Emax for carbachol,
      which may be determined by the number of potentially responsive glands, may be
      similar in the two sexes.

PMID- 4027123
TI  - The ex vivo plasma protein binding of theophylline in renal disease.
AB  - The plasma protein binding of theophylline was measured in 21 patients with renal
      disease and 21 healthy age and sex matched controls. The percentage of
      theophylline unbound to plasma was greater in patients with nephrotic syndrome
      and in chronic renal failure than in controls. In nephrotic syndrome the
      impairment of drug binding mirrored the marked degree of hypoalbuminaemia seen in
      this condition but in chronic renal failure the impairment of protein binding was
      greater than would be expected from the plasma albumin concentration changes. The
      percentage of theophylline free in plasma in renal disease may be increased (by
      as much as 50%). Such changes should be taken into account in interpreting the
      relationship between total plasma theophylline concentration and drug effect in
      renal disease.

PMID- 4027125
TI  - The effect of activated charcoal and hyoscine butylbromide alone and in
      combination on the absorption of mefenamic acid.
AB  - Mefenamic acid 500 mg orally was administered to nine healthy volunteers on four
      occasions 7 days apart. On two occasions allocated at random, activated charcoal
      (2.5 g of medicoal) was administered 1 h after the drug. Hyoscine butylbromide
      (20 mg intramuscularly) was given immediately after mefenamic acid on one of
      these occasions, and on one occasion after mefenamic acid without charcoal.
      Hyoscine significantly delayed the time to maximum mefenamic acid concentrations
      but did not affect the area under the plasma concentration-time curve. Charcoal
      reduced the area under the plasma concentration curve by 36% and charcoal and
      hyoscine reduced the area under the plasma concentration curve by 42% from their
      respective control values. We conclude that early charcoal administration in a
      ratio of 5 g to 1 g of drug effectively reduces the area under the plasma
      concentration-time curve after oral mefenamic acid administration. Early charcoal
      administration may be of value therefore in reducing the toxicity of mefenamic
      acid after deliberate or accidental overdosage.

PMID- 4027124
TI  - Plasma concentrations of nortriptyline and its 10-hydroxy metabolite in depressed
      patients--relationship to the debrisoquine hydroxylation metabolic ratio.
AB  - In 20 depressed patients treated with nortriptyline (NT) there was a significant
      relationship between the plasma concentration of NT and the debrisoquine
      metabolic ratio (rs = 0.77; P less than 0.01). (The debrisoquine test was
      performed after stopping NT treatment). This is in agreement with the hypothesis
      that the hydroxylations of NT and debrisoquine are mediated by similar enzymatic
      mechanisms. In contrast there was no significant relationship between the
      debrisoquine metabolic ratio and the plasma concentrations of the active
      metabolite 10-hydroxy-nortriptyline. In 11 of the patients the debrisoquine
      metabolic ratio was significantly higher during than after NT treatment. This may
      be due to an inhibition of the debrisoquine hydroxylation by NT.

PMID- 4027126
TI  - Chronopharmacokinetics of paracetamol in normal subjects.
AB  - The chronopharmacokinetics of paracetamol was studied in six male volunteers.
      Serum concentrations of paracetamol were determined after a single oral dose of 1
      g, on three occasions, spaced at least 1 week apart. Plasma drug concentration vs
      time curves were obtained after dosage at 08.00 h (Day 1), 14.00 h (Day 2) and
      20.00 h (Day 3), under standardized conditions. Pharmacokinetic parameters
      compared were t1/2,alpha, t1/2,Z, tmax, Cmax and AUCpo. No statistically
      significant differences were found.

PMID- 4027127
TI  - The influence of cimetidine and ranitidine on the plasma lipid pattern.
AB  - The influence of H2-receptor antagonist drugs on the plasma lipid pattern has
      been studied prospectively in 51 patients treated with cimetidine (26 patients)
      or ranitidine (25 patients) for gastroenterological diseases. Total and HDL
      cholesterol and total triglycerides have been measured. Ranitidine did not
      influence the investigated parameters, while cimetidine produced a significant
      increase in the HDL cholesterol serum concentration (P = 0.008).

PMID- 4027128
TI  - Fenfluramine delays gastric emptying of solid food.
AB  - The effect of a single dose of (+/-)-fenfluramine hydrochloride (40 mg) on
      gastric emptying of a mixed solid and liquid meal was assessed with a dual
      isotope scintigraphic technique in eight obese patients. Fenfluramine
      significantly delayed gastric emptying of solid food (approximately a 15%
      reduction in the solid linear emptying rate), but had no effect on gastric
      emptying of liquid.

PMID- 4027129
TI  - The cardiovascular effects of regular and decaffeinated coffee.
AB  - In a single-blind study the effects of drinking two cups of regular or
      decaffeinated coffee on blood pressure, heart rate, forearm blood flow and plasma
      concentrations of caffeine, renin and catecholamines were studied in 12
      normotensive subjects. Drinking regular coffee led to a rise of blood pressure, a
      fall of heart rate and an increase of plasma catecholamines. Decaffeinated coffee
      induced a smaller increase of diastolic blood pressure without changing other
      parameters. This study shows that the cardiovascular effects of drinking coffee
      are mainly the result of its caffeine content.

PMID- 4027130
TI  - Drug metabolite kinetics: noncompartmental analysis.

PMID- 4027131
TI  - Excretion of disopyramide in human breast milk.

PMID- 4027132
TI  - Mexiletine clearance during peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4027133
TI  - Effect of ranitidine on procainamide disposition.

PMID- 4027134
TI  - Correction equation for QT interval.

PMID- 4027136
TI  - Ranitidine does not alter pethidine disposition in man.
AB  - The effect of concurrent ranitidine administration on the disposition of
      pethidine was investigated in eight healthy male volunteers (19-33 years). The
      subjects received 70 mg i.v. pethidine HCl doses before and during ranitidine
      treatment (150 mg p.o. twice daily). Ranitidine therapy was not associated with
      significant alterations in pethidine elimination rate constant, volume of
      distribution at steady state, total body clearance, and 24 h urinary excretion.
      No alteration in pethidine oxidation to norpethidine was noted, as suggested by
      nonsignificant changes in lag time to appearance of quantifiable norpethidine in
      serum, time to peak concentration, peak concentration, area under the curve from
      time 0.24 h, and 24 h urinary excretion. It would appear that, unlike cimetidine,
      ranitidine does not interact pharmacokinetically with pethidine. Further studies
      are necessary to evaluate the potential clinical advantages of ranitidine vs
      cimetidine therapy in patients also receiving pethidine.

PMID- 4027135
TI  - Lack of effect of highly purified subunit influenza vaccination on theophylline
      metabolism.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of theophylline, and urinary recovery of theophylline and
      its metabolites [1, 3-dimethyluric acid, 3-methyl xanthine and 1-methyluric acid]
      were measured before and after highly purified subunit influenza vaccination in
      seven healthy subjects, and five subjects with chronic obstructive bronchitis. No
      cases of theophylline toxicity were seen, and there was no increase in mean
      plasma theophylline concentration or significant decrease in urinary metabolite
      concentration after vaccination. An antibody response to vaccination was
      demonstrated in all subjects. Highly purified subunit influenza vaccination may
      be given with safety to patients on theophylline.

PMID- 4027137
TI  - Caffeine disposition in obesity.
AB  - Caffeine pharmacokinetics were studied in 16 obese (mean +/- s.e. mean body
      weight; 110 +/- 8 kg; % ideal body weight (IBW); 186 +/- 14%) and 23 normal body
      weight (64 +/- 3 kg; 103 +/- 3% IBW) subjects. Eight obese and four control
      subjects were cigarette smokers. After abstaining from caffeine for 48 h and an
      overnight fast, each subject ingested 162 mg caffeine orally. Concentrations of
      caffeine were measured in plasma samples obtained during the 24 h following the
      dose and pharmacokinetic variables were determined. The apparent volume of
      distribution was increased markedly in obese subjects (69.9 +/- 5.9 vs 43.6 +/-
      2.8 l; P less than 0.001) in the absence of any change in oral clearance (135 +/-
      14-obese vs 112 +/- 12 ml/min; NS), resulting in a trend toward increased
      elimination half-life (7.05 +/- 1.08-obese vs 5.40 +/- 0.40 h; NS). Apparent
      volume of distribution correlated well with percent IBW (r = 0.65; P less than
      0.001). Caffeine clearance, suggested as a measure of in vivo cytochrome P-448
      activity in humans, was not altered in obesity. In contrast, the extent of
      caffeine distribution increased in direct relation to body weight. If caffeine is
      used therapeutically, the loading dose should be calculated as a function of
      total body weight. Since clearance of caffeine is not related to body weight,
      these data indicate that a chronic dosing regimen to maintain a given plasma
      caffeine concentration should not be altered due to obesity.

PMID- 4027138
TI  - Phenacetin O-deethylase: an activity of a cytochrome P-450 showing genetic
      linkage with that catalysing the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine?
AB  - Phenacetin O-deethylase activity was impaired, both in vivo and in vitro, in poor
      metabolisers of debrisoquine, consistent with the work of others. No impairment
      was observed in the oxidation of acetanilide, amylobarbitone or antipyrine in the
      PM phenotype. There was a good correlation (r = 0.804) between the high affinity
      component of phenacetin O-deethylase and debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activities.
      No such correlation was observed with the low affinity component of phenacetin O
      deethylase activity. Although debrisoquine was a competitive inhibitor of
      phenacetin O-deethylase activity, phenacetin was without effect on debrisoquine 4
      hydroxylation. There was also marked differences in the effects of sparteine,
      guanoxan and alpha-naphthoflavone on the two activities. Cigarette smoking was
      associated with a significant, two-fold, increase in phenacetin O-deethylase
      activity whilst debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity was not affected. It is
      concluded that the high affinity component of phenacetin O-deethylase and
      debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activities are catalysed by different isozymes of
      cytochrome P-450 but that these are most probably regulated by closely linked
      genes.

PMID- 4027139
TI  - The metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin in human liver microsomes and the effect of
      primary biliary cirrhosis: implications for studies of drug metabolism in liver
      disease.
AB  - Using 7-ethoxycoumarin as a probe substrate, microsomal monoxygenase activity has
      been measured in liver tissue from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
      of varying histological severity, and in histologically normal control tissue.
      Interindividual variation in enzyme activity was considerable, and in no
      histological category was the activity significantly different to control. We
      conclude that: (a) in PBC, hepatic microsomal monoxygenase activity is determined
      primarily by factors other than the histological severity of the liver disease,
      and (b) studies of xenobiotic metabolism in patients with liver disease should
      specify the nature of the underlying disease process.

PMID- 4027141
TI  - pH lability in serum during equilibrium dialysis.
AB  - Changes in pH were determined in previously frozen normal human serum during
      dialysis against sodium phosphate, Krebs Ringer phosphate or Krebs Ringer
      bicarbonate buffers of pH 7.4. Serum was either untreated (native) or adjusted to
      pH 7.4 before dialysis. pH in native serum was 7.7-7.9 before dialysis, showed a
      decrease after 1 h, and an increase after 3 h. pH-adjusted serum showed a
      continuous pH increase during dialysis. The increase in serum pH during dialysis
      was larger at 37 degrees C than at 22 degrees C, larger at low than at high
      buffer molarity, and larger in native than in pH-adjusted serum. The observed
      changes in serum pH during dialysis are associated with unacceptably large errors
      in unbound fraction in serum for a number of important drugs. Drug binding
      determination in serum by equilibrium dialysis should be performed with buffers
      providing appropriate and stable pH level.

PMID- 4027140
TI  - Discovery of altered pharmacokinetics of CGP 15 210 G in poor hydroxylators of
      debrisoquine during early drug development.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of CGP 15 210 G, a new 5-HT uptake inhibitor in poor and
      extensive metabolisers of debrisoquine, give indirect evidence of an association
      between its metabolism and polymorphic hydroxylation of the debrisoquine type.

PMID- 4027142
TI  - Slow release choline theophyllinate (Sabidal SR 270) in chronic asthma.

PMID- 4027143
TI  - Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Nicardipine. Brussels,
      Belgium, September 1984.

PMID- 4027144
TI  - The effect of acute and chronic nicardipine therapy on forearm arterial
      haemodynamics in essential hypertension.
AB  - By using simultaneous recording curves obtained with pulsed Doppler velocimetry
      and strain gauge mechanography, forearm arterial haemodynamics were studied in 26
      patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Fifteen patients received
      a single oral dose of nicardipine 40 mg, and 11 patients were treated with
      nicardipine 30 mg three times daily for 3 months. In both groups of patients
      there was a similar and significant (P less than 0.001) reduction in mean,
      systolic, and diastolic pressures. There was a slight increase in heart rate (P
      less than 0.05) after the single dose, but no change after 3 months of treatment.
      The diameter, blood velocity, and blood flow of the brachial artery increased
      significantly in both treatment groups. The decrease in forearm vascular
      resistance was significant for both treatment groups. Brachial artery compliance
      increased (P less than 0.01) and characteristic impedance decreased (P less than
      0.01) after both single-dose and long-term therapy with nicardipine. In patients
      who received nicardipine for 3 months, there were close correlations between the
      baseline serum calcium level and the percent change in vascular resistance (r = 
      0.73, P less than 0.01), blood flow (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001), and blood
      velocity (r = 0.91. P less than 0.001) of the forearm. No correlation was found
      between the baseline serum calcium and the change in arterial pressure. This
      study provided evidence that the blood-pressure-lowering effect of nicardipine
      was accompanied by a direct vasodilatory action in the small and large arteries
      of the forearm. An increase in peripheral blood flow with concomitant improvement
      of arterial compliance are the consequences of these arterial actions.

PMID- 4027145
TI  - The effect of nicardipine on blood pressure, its variability and reflex cardiac
      control.
AB  - Eight untreated patients with essential hypertension (average casual blood
      pressure 180/110 +/- 27/12 mm Hg) were studied following control, acute (a single
      oral dose of 30 mg nicardipine hydrochloride), and chronic (2 months nicardipine
      oral therapy) treatment periods. During the 2 month treatment period, ambulatory
      mean intra-arterial (IABP), measured when the patients were awake, fell from
      165/105 +/- 6/12 (control) to 150/96 +/- 14/12 mm Hg (P less than 0.05), but
      heart rate remained unchanged (84 +/- 12 control vs 80 +/- 9 beats min-1). There
      was an absolute reduction in blood pressure in response to tilting, the Valsalva
      manoeuvre, and exercise handgrip, but the percent increase in pressure following
      nicardipine was not significantly different from that in the control period.
      There was no change in baroreflex sensitivity after either acute or chronic
      treatment, but the set point of the reflex was reset to a lower pressure
      following chronic therapy. Both single and multiple doses of nicardipine
      significantly reduced intra-arterial pressure. Chronic therapy was associated
      with return of the heart rate to control values, which was due to resetting of
      the baroreflex control mechanism.

PMID- 4027146
TI  - Blood pressure, heart rate and A-V conduction responses to nicardipine in
      hypertensive patients receiving atenolol.
AB  - The antihypertensive effect of the combined use of the new calcium channel
      blocker nicardipine and atenolol was assessed in a double-blind, placebo
      controlled trial involving twenty hypertensive patients. Atenolol 100 mg once
      daily was given to all patients. In addition, either placebo or nicardipine, in
      increasing doses (5-20 mg three times daily), was allocated randomly to the
      patients. Compared with placebo, nicardipine had an additional dose-dependent,
      blood-pressure-lowering effect in the hypertensive patients who had been
      pretreated with atenolol. An increase in the heart rate was not observed,
      suggesting that atenolol prevented reflex activation of sympathetic nerve tone
      caused by the vasodilating properties of nicardipine. The combination of both
      atenolol and nicardipine was well tolerated by all patients; side effects were
      minor and did not cause discontinuation of the treatment. No effects on A-V
      conduction were observed. It is concluded that the combined administration of
      nicardipine and atenolol is a useful treatment for hypertension that is well
      accepted by the patients.

PMID- 4027147
TI  - Immediate and long-term effects of nicardipine, at rest and during exercise, in
      patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Haemodynamic effects of nicardipine were studied in 12 patients with documented
      coronary artery disease. Following nicardipine 10 mg, given intravenously to
      patients at rest, the heart rate increased, mean arterial pressure decreased,
      cardiac index increased, and systemic vascular resistance decreased
      significantly. Compared with the control exercise values, significant increases
      in heart rate and cardiac index and significant decreases in mean arterial
      pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and left ventricular end diastolic
      pressure occurred when nicardipine, 10 mg i.v., was given to the patients during
      exercise. All 12 patients complained of angina during the exercise phase, but
      following treatment with nicardipine, 10 mg i.v., only four patients reported
      angina when exercising to the same level. Exercise capacity on oral nicardipine
      treatment tended to increase whilst the ejection fraction response to exercise
      did not change. Thus, nicardipine was a potent vasodilator, which produced a
      marked reduction of systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure during exercise.

PMID- 4027148
TI  - The acute haemodynamic effects of oral nicardipine.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of oral nicardipine at two different doses were assessed
      in fifteen patients at rest following diagnostic cardiac catheterisation. Six
      patients received four doses of 20 mg nicardipine hydrochloride orally every 8 h,
      and nine patients received four doses of 30 mg orally every 8 h. No side effects
      were encountered with either dose. At both dose levels, there was a significant
      fall in systemic vascular resistance, significant increases in heart rate and
      cardiac output, and no change in stroke volume index. No changes were seen in
      pulmonary vascular haemodynamics, and there were no significant changes in mean
      arterial pressure. Plasma levels of nicardipine reached a peak within 1 h. In
      parallel with the haemodynamic effects, the plasma concentrations achieved after
      the third and fourth doses were higher than after the first dose. These
      haemodynamic changes are consistent with a vasodilator effect, which produces a
      decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. It would appear that the 30 mg dose
      has a more potent vasodilator action than the 20 mg dose and, in the patients
      studied, this larger dose was not associated with any side effects.

PMID- 4027149
TI  - The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of nicardipine hydrochloride in man.
AB  - Studies have been carried out to investigate the disposition of nicardipine
      hydrochloride following intravenous and oral administration to male volunteers.
      Following oral administration of a radiolabelled dose, nicardipine was shown to
      be rapidly and extensively metabolised and to be rapidly eliminated from plasma.
      After intravenous infusion of nicardipine at 5 mg-1 for 3 h, plasma levels
      declined biexponentially, and clearance values were of the same order as hepatic
      blood flow. With repeated oral administration, 20 mg three times daily for 28
      days, plasma levels rose over the first 3 days of administration and then
      declined to some extent. Possible reasons for this decline are discussed. Steady
      state plasma levels and bioavailability show a nonlinear relationship with doses
      over the range 10-40 mg three times daily. Food consumption has been shown to
      reduce the bioavailability of nicardipine when the food is taken before or at the
      same time as nicardipine administration.

PMID- 4027151
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of the haemodynamic effects of nicardipine in normotensive
      subjects.
AB  - Calcium antagonists reduce myocardial contractility in vitro. Nicardipine is a
      dihydropyridine derivative with enhanced selectivity for vascular smooth muscle.
      We have studied the pharmacokinetics and the haemodynamic effects that occur in
      man following bolus intravenous administration of nicardipine. Ten normotensive
      male subjects received either nicardipine or placebo i.v., allocated in a
      randomised double-blind manner, over 60s. Plasma nicardipine concentration, blood
      pressure, heart rate, and systolic time intervals were measured before dosing and
      at frequent intervals between 1 and 360 min post dosing. At 160 micrograms kg-1,
      adequate plasma levels of nicardipine were obtained to permit analysis of
      individual pharmacokinetic variables, and significant and consistent haemodynamic
      effects were seen. After injection of nicardipine, systolic BP and the QS2
      (measure of total electromechanical systole) and QT intervals were not altered.
      The changes in BP and heart rate were consistent with arteriolar vasodilatation.
      The changes in PEP and LVET suggest an increase in cardiac contractility, which
      is unlikely to be a direct effect of nicardipine on the myocardium but rather a
      result of afterload reduction. The close correlation of nicardipine plasma level
      with haemodynamic effect should permit accurate dose titration. The net increase
      in contractility should allow nicardipine to be administered safely with beta
      adrenoceptor blocking drugs.

PMID- 4027150
TI  - Nicardipine in models of myocardial infarction.
AB  - In a dog model of partial myocardial ischaemia, superimposed ST segment
      elevations in epicardial ECGs were inhibited by nicardipine over a cumulative
      i.v. dose range of 1-20 micrograms kg-1. Over the cumulative i.v. dose range of
      0.5-166.5 micrograms kg-1, nicardipine had little overall effect on gross cardiac
      conduction, at spontaneous heart rate. Dogs that received oral 1-2 mg kg-1
      nicardipine daily for 16 weeks and then survived 1 week occlusion of the left
      anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) developed a superior coronary
      collateral circulation compared with untreated animals. Nicardipine given by
      three different dosing schedules to baboons markedly limited myocardial
      infarction over a 6 h period of LAD occlusion. Compared with a group of
      completely untreated dogs, there was protection of the myocardium in the animals
      given nicardipine that survived 3 months occlusion of the LAD.

PMID- 4027152
TI  - Intracranial effects of nicardipine.
AB  - Preliminary investigations indicated that the calcium antagonist nicardipine
      improved cerebral vascular circulation and cerebral metabolism. Therefore we
      examined the effect of nicardipine on the cerebral vessels, cerebral oxygen
      tension, and intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with cerebrovascular
      disturbances. In patients with previous minor stroke undergoing surgery for extra
      intracranial anastomosis, we applied nicardipine topically to the operation site
      by means of a perfusor and measured the diameter of the cerebral vessels. After
      several minutes, the topically applied nicardipine produced marked dilatation in
      the small arterial cortical vessels and relaxation of vasospasm. In the two
      patients studied so far, we observed a rapid increase in the cerebral PO2, which
      remained elevated after the initial peak as long as the infusion continued. With
      a lower dose the increase in the intracranial pulse amplitude (PAICP) was
      antagonized by the considerable drop in blood pressure which occurred after 10 mg
      h-1 nicardipine. The results indicate that nicardipine dilates the cerebral
      vessels and increases the cerebral oxygen tension.

PMID- 4027154
TI  - A micro-computer based system for surgical audit.

PMID- 4027155
TI  - Inversion injuries to the lateral ligament of the ankle joint. A pilot study of
      treatment.

PMID- 4027153
TI  - Cardiovascular pharmacology of nicardipine in animals.
AB  - The haemodynamic, antianginal and antihypertensive effects of nicardipine, a
      vascular selective calcium antagonist, were studied in experimental animals. In
      the canine isolated coronary artery, nicardipine relaxed potassium-induced
      contraction and suppressed 3,4-diaminopyridine-induced rhythmic contractions more
      effectively than nifedipine, verapamil or diltiazem. In anaesthetised rats,
      nicardipine prevented the elevation of ST segment induced by intracoronary
      injection of methacholine. In anaesthetised dogs, nicardipine produced a greater
      vasodilatation in vertebral, carotid, and coronary vessels than in mesenteric,
      femoral, and renal vessels and did not affect myocardial oxygen consumption. In
      conscious monkeys, nicardipine given intravenously lowered blood pressure and
      gave rise to reflex tachycardia but did not prolong the A-V conduction time.
      Nicardipine given orally lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHR), renal hypertensive rats (RHR), and deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt
      hypertensive rats (DOCA/Salt), as well as in normotensive rats. Long-term
      treatment with nicardipine given orally for 12 weeks effectively lowered high
      blood pressure in the three types of hypertensive rats, reduced cardiac
      hypertrophy in SHR and DOCA/Salt rats, and prevented mortality from stroke in
      DOCA/Salt rats. Combined treatment with nicardipine and a beta-adrenoceptor
      blocking agent (indenolol) showed an antihypertensive effect similar to that
      obtained with nicardipine alone. Conscious renal hypertensive dogs given repeated
      oral administration of nicardipine for 14 days did not develop tolerance to the
      hypotensive activity of nicardipine. Under the same conditions, tolerance to
      hydralazine developed within 4 days.

PMID- 4027156
TI  - Haemarthrosis due to ascorbic acid deficiency.

PMID- 4027157
TI  - 'Alcohol-antabuse' syndrome in patients receiving metronidazole during
      gynaecological treatment.

PMID- 4027158
TI  - Erythema multiforme due to mianserin--a case against generic prescribing.

PMID- 4027159
TI  - Primary billiary cirrhosis in the elderly.

PMID- 4027160
TI  - Detection of the c-myc oncogene product in testicular cancer.
AB  - A set of monoclonal antibodies was constructed by immunising mice with peptide
      fragments of the c-myc oncogene product. One such antibody, Myc 1-6E10 was shown
      to bind to a 62,000 dalton protein identifiable with the c-myc product (p62c
      myc). The antigen recognised was not destroyed by paraffin wax embedding. Myc 1
      6E10 was used to characterise the distribution of p62c-myc in archival testicular
      tumour material. Normal testes expressed only small amounts of p62c-myc.
      Seminomas showed increased nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. Undifferentiated
      teratoma showed little activity, whereas p62c-myc was abundant in the nuclei of
      differentiating epithelial structures, yolk sacs and embryoid bodies. Only small
      amounts of p62c-myc were seen in the tumours of 5 patients who subsequently died
      from their disease.

PMID- 4027162
TI  - The estimation of self-renewal in the clonogenic cells of human solid tumours: a
      comparison of secondary plating efficiency and colony size.
AB  - The in vitro clonogenicity of 25 human tumours was compared in two simple two
      layer culture systems, agar/agar and liquid medium/agar. There was a strong
      correlation between the values for clonogenicity obtained in each system. A
      linear relationship between cells plated and colonies formed was found in both
      systems. Radiation survival in the liquid culture system was essentially log
      linear with a small initial shoulder confirming that we were not simply counting
      clumps. We present a simple method of assessing the self-renewal capability of
      the clonogenic cells of human solid tumours, based on the liquid/agar two-layer
      system, which we have used to compare secondary plating efficiency and colony
      size analysis as measures of self renewal in human transitional cell carcinoma of
      the bladder.

PMID- 4027161
TI  - Reevaluation of alkaline phosphatase measurement during Hodgkin's disease by
      electrophoretic isoenzyme separation.
AB  - Electrophoretic isoenzyme separation provides much more precise information than
      measurement of alkaline phosphatases (AP). Use of this technique for 83 patients
      with Hodgkin's disease revealed that the presence of the alpha 1 fraction (alpha
      1 AP) was very significantly correlated with the stage of disease extension (P
      less than 0.01) and above all with the presence of general symptoms (P less than
      0.001). Repeat measurements performed during patient follow-up demonstrated a
      close association between presence of alpha 1 AP and existence of progressive
      disease. While the mechanism of appearance of this abnormal alpha 1 AP fraction
      is not linked to Hodgkin-specific liver lesions, this test provides much more
      interesting data than classical measurement of total alkaline phosphatases (TAP).

PMID- 4027163
TI  - The human tumour cloning assay in the management of breast cancer patients.
AB  - A tumour cloning system was used to cultivate breast cancer specimens. Fifty-six
      percent of 87 samples were adequate for evaluation, showing clonal growth in
      about one third (35%). Effusions yielded significantly better growth than solid
      specimens, the median colony numbers being 64 and 18 respectively. An attempt was
      made to examine whether there was any association between parameters accepted as
      prognostic factors for breast cancer and clonal growth in vitro. No correlation
      was found between preoperative tumour burden, histopathologic grading, menopausal
      status or overall survival and clonal growth in vitro, whereas we observed an
      inverse trend between progesterone receptor content of the tumours and their
      growth potential (P less than 0.01). In those few cases where in vitro and in
      vivo data could be compared, a high accuracy of the predicted sensitivities was
      found with respect to chemotherapy, but not in relation to hormonal treatment. A
      statistically significant higher overall chemosensitivity was associated with the
      absence of oestrogen receptors (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 4027164
TI  - Measurement of human tumour cell growth in soft-agar cultures using computer
      assisted volume analysis.
AB  - Growth in soft-agar bilayer cultures of human tumour cells derived from 4 in
      vitro continuous cell lines, from 21 xenografts carried in athymic mice, and from
      197 samples of fresh human solid tumours of various histologic types was analyzed
      by computer-assisted image analysis. Replicate cultures for each specimen were
      assessed on successive days of incubation for the number and volume of growth
      units within multiple size categories. Our results confirm the recent finding of
      others that there is an upper limit of approximately 10(9) microns 3 to the
      cumulative growth unit volume obtainable in a 2 ml bilayer soft agar culture
      system. Since this upper limit to the carrying capacity of the closed culture
      system exists, the extent of growth within the cultures is determined in a
      fundamental way by the cumulative volume of growth units initially inoculated
      into cultures. A growth index of greater than or equal to 16-fold was only seen
      when initial cumulative growth unit volume was less than 10(7) microns 3 per
      culture dish. Computer-assisted volume analysis (CAVA) appears to be a useful
      quantitative method to study the growth of human tumour cells in soft agar
      cultures.

PMID- 4027165
TI  - The effect of passage in vitro and in vivo on the properties of murine
      fibrosarcomas. II. Sensitivity to cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro.
AB  - The sensitivity of cultured and mouse-passaged cloned lines of chemically-induced
      murine fibrosarcomas to killing by NK and NC cells, and to cell-mediated
      immunity, has been studied in in vitro assays, using target cells labelled with
      51Cr or 125IUDR. None of the lines tested proved sensitive to NK cells. Three
      cultured lines were, at most, only slightly sensitive to NC cells; a fourth
      cultured line was moderately sensitive and became less so, but not completely
      insensitive, after passage in susceptible hosts. The primary object of these
      experiments was to test the hypothesis that cultured cell lines which ordinarily
      fail to grow in normal mice are able to grow after being passaged in a
      susceptible immunodeficient host because, during this passage, they become
      resistant to NK or NC cells. This has been shown to occur with one clone, but
      will not serve as a general explanation because, with other clones, both cultured
      and mouse-passaged lines were NC-insensitive. The cell-mediated immunity assays
      confirm our previous conclusion that cultured and mouse-passaged lines of the
      same clone differ little, if it all, in immunogenicity.

PMID- 4027166
TI  - Treatment of mouse carcinoma in vivo with a prostaglandin E2 analogue and
      indomethacin.
AB  - WHT/Ht mice transplanted s.c. with NC carcinoma were treated with 16,16-dimethyl
      prostaglandin E2 methyl ester (di-me-PGE2) and/or indomethacin. Each primary
      tumour was excised under anaesthesia 3 weeks after transplantation, weighed and
      extracted for prostaglandins. Mouse survival time and tumour recurrence were
      measured. Di-me-PGE2 10 micrograms, injected at the tumour site on alternate days
      from day 1 to 19, indomethacin 2.5 mg kg-1 daily by mouth, or both drugs together
      resulted in lighter tumours (respectively 45, 45 and 52% less, n = 18 to 20 per
      group, P less than 0.02) compared with vehicle-treated controls. Indomethacin
      reduced the tumour prostaglandin yield, but the biological activity in extracts
      of tumours from mice given di-me-PGE2 was high. The median survival time was
      longer in mice receiving indomethacin alone (61 days from tumour transplantation
      compared with 50 days in controls P less than 0.02). Di-me-PGE2 alone had little
      or no effect on survival (median 48 days) but counteracted the increase with
      indomethacin (di-me-PGE2 + indomethacin, 49 days median survival). There were no
      obvious effects of the treatments on tumour recurrence at the excision site, but
      there was a higher incidence of involved lymph nodes in mice given di-me-PGE2.

PMID- 4027167
TI  - The effects of pretreatment of human tumour cells with MNNG on the DNA
      crosslinking and cytotoxicity of mitozolomide.
AB  - Mitozolomide and its decomposition product MCTIC were found to be more cytotoxic
      to BE colon carcinoma cells in vitro than to HT-29 cells, another colon carcinoma
      cell line. In addition mitozolomide and MCTIC induced DNA interstrand crosslinks
      in the BE but not the HT-29 cell line. BE cells are deficient in the repair of O6
      methylguanine lesions and are designated Mer-, whereas, HT-29 cells are
      proficient in this repair process and are designated Mer+. Thus DNA interstrand
      crosslinking produced by mitozolomide and MCTIC appears to correlate with the Mer
      phenotype. Pretreatment of HT-29 cells (Mer+) with the DNA methylating agent MNNG
      allows mitozolomide or MCTIC to produce DNA interstrand crosslinks. HT-29 cells
      also become more sensitive to the cell killing of mitozolomide and MCTIC with
      MNNG pretreatment. Pretreatment of Mer- cells (BE) had little effect on either
      cell killing or DNA crosslinking levels induced by mitozolomide or MCTIC. DNA
      interstrand crosslinking induced by mitozolomide and MCTIC is probably a
      consequence of an initial alkylation at the O6-position of guanine followed by a
      delayed reaction with the opposite DNA strand.

PMID- 4027169
TI  - Pancreatic carcinoma and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: a family
      study.

PMID- 4027168
TI  - A follow-up study of cancer incidence among workers in manufacture of phenoxy
      herbicides in Denmark.
AB  - The purpose of this cohort study is to shed further light on the potential
      carcinogenic effect indicated by a Swedish case control study of the 2,4
      dichlorophenol and 4-chloro-ortho-cresol based phenoxy herbicides, unlikely to be
      contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). In the
      present study it was the intention to include all persons employed in manufacture
      of phenoxy herbicides in Denmark before 1982. The predominant product was MCPA
      and only a very limited amount of 2,4,5-T was processed in one of the two
      factories included in the study. Registration of the cohort was based on company
      records, supplemented with data from a public pension scheme from 1964 onwards.
      Ninety-nine percent of registered employees could be followed up. Cancer cases
      were identified by linkage with the National Cancer Register. Totals of 3,390
      males and 1,069 females were included in the study. In the analysis special
      attention was given to soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and malignant lymphomas (ML)
      which are the diagnostic groups indicated to be associated with exposure to
      phenoxy herbicides in the Swedish studies. Five cases of STS were observed among
      male employees in contrast to 1.84 expected cases. This result supports the
      Swedish observation of an increased risk of STS following exposure to phenoxy
      herbicides unlikely to be contaminated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD. However, several
      potential biases have to be taken into account in interpretation of this
      observation and these are discussed. Seven cases of ML were observed among male
      employees in contrast to 5.37 expected which does not support the Swedish
      observation of an excess risk. The total cancer risk among persons employed in
      manufacture and packaging of phenoxy herbicides was equivalent to the cancer risk
      in the Danish population. Among males thus employed 11 lung cancer cases were
      observed in contrast to 5.33 expected. Attention should be given to exposure to
      spray dried MCPA-sodium salt in the plants, but other work place exposures and
      tobacco consumption may have contributed to the increased risk. The tabulation of
      data by many diagnostic groups may explain the excesses observed for rectum
      cancer among males and cervical cancer among females. The study has revealed that
      several potential biases have to be taken into account when the Swedish
      observations are tested in other settings.

PMID- 4027170
TI  - Stage of colorectal carcinoma and rate of blood loss.

PMID- 4027171
TI  - Social behaviour of hearing-impaired and normally-hearing preschoolers.

PMID- 4027172
TI  - Taking control of stress in teaching.

PMID- 4027173
TI  - Rapid induction of cirrhosis by administration of carbon tetrachloride plus
      phospholipase D.
AB  - A new and rapid method for the production of liver cirrhosis in the rat is
      described. Rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride for 4 weeks and then
      injected i.p. with phospholipase D daily for 6 days. Controls received either
      carbon tetrachloride or phospholipase D only. Following the combined treatment
      cirrhosis developed rapidly; the liver developed micronodules and severe
      cirrhosis was accompanied by ascites and splenomegaly.

PMID- 4027174
TI  - Effect of hypoxia and carbon monoxide on collagen synthesis in cultured porcine
      and bovine aortic endothelium.
AB  - The cell layers and medium of cultured porcine and bovine aortic endothelium have
      been examined to test the effects of 24 h treatment with two factors associated
      with cigarette smoke--hypoxia and carbon monoxide, on cell numbers, total protein
      including collagen/10(6) cells, collagen type profile and ultrastructure. The
      most significant findings were that the responses varied with the species and
      that the effects on protein synthesis including collagen differed depending on
      the nature of the insult; in general, moreover carbon monoxide tended to reverse
      the action of hypoxia, a finding supported by ultrastructural evidence. The
      phenotypic collagen profiles were unaffected by either hypoxia or carbon
      monoxide.

PMID- 4027175
TI  - Acute upper genital-tract disease in female monkeys provoked experimentally by
      Mycoplasma genitalium.
AB  - The oviducts of two grivet monkeys and three marmosets, all sexually mature
      animals, were inoculated with Mycoplasma genitalium at laparotomy. The mycoplasma
      was not recovered from the grivet monkeys, nor from the oviducts of the marmosets
      although it was isolated intermittently from the vagina of two of the latter
      animals up to 4-6 weeks after inoculation. In contrast, all of the animals
      developed antibody to M. genitalium measured by a micro-immunofluorescence
      technique. It developed rapidly in the grivet monkeys but slowly in the
      marmosets, being detected first about 1 month after inoculation with a maximal
      response by 2 months. Furthermore, despite an absence of vaginal discharge or
      cytological response, all the animals developed a moderate to severe
      endosalpingitis characterized by the infiltration of acute inflammatory cells
      into the tubal epithelium, together with a lumenal exudate and adhesions between
      the mucosal folds. The changes are similar to those produced by Chlamydia
      trachomatis in simian models and naturally in women.

PMID- 4027176
TI  - Effect on Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the murine genital tract of adoptive
      transfer of congenic immune cells or specific antibody.
AB  - Groups of progesterone-treated female CBA/nu mice were adoptively transferred
      with immune spleen cells or pooled antisera from congenic immunocompetent CBA
      donors that had been infected with a 'fast', human strain (SA-2f) of Chlamydia
      trachomatis. The spleen cells were given either intravenously (6.3 X 10(7) cells)
      or intraperitoneally (9.5 X 10(7) cells), and the antiserum (antibody titre
      1:4096) was given intravenously. Strain SA-2f was introduced into the uterine
      cavity of these mice approximately 3 h after cell or antiserum transfer;
      antiserum was given also at intervals up to 23 days later. Untreated mice serving
      as controls were inoculated with chlamydiae in the same way. Subsequent recovery
      of chlamydiae from mice in the various groups indicated that transfer of cells or
      antiserum had not abrogated the chlamydial infections, despite high titres of
      chlamydial IgG antibody in the sera of all the recipient mice. These results
      confirm our earlier findings but are unlike those of some other investigators
      working with different mouse model systems. It seems that there are differences
      between systemic/respiratory immune mechanisms and those which operate locally in
      the uterus, which may be regarded as an immunologically privileged site.

PMID- 4027177
TI  - Studies into the influence of carrageenan-induced inflammation on articular
      cartilage degradation using implantation into air pouches.
AB  - We describe a novel system for examining the degradation of articular cartilage
      in vivo. Implantation of rat femoral head cartilage into six day old subcutaneous
      air pouches allows the examination of the degradation of cartilage in contact
      with a synovial lining-like structure. Femoral head cartilage was removed 1, 2 or
      3 weeks after implantation and the proteoglycan content measured using 1,9
      dimethyl methylene blue. Chondrocyte viability was confirmed using 35S sulphate
      incorporation. Increasing proteoglycan loss was observed over 3 weeks. Loss was
      similar in transplants between inbred and between outbred animals, suggesting
      that allograft rejection did not contribute significantly. Introduction of the
      irritant carrageenan into pouches produced a massive and prolonged inflammatory
      response characterized by exudation of leucocyte-rich fluid. Induction of
      inflammation with carrageenan did not alter the profile of proteoglycan loss from
      whole, minced, live or dead cartilage, as compared to that seen in non-inflamed
      pouches. These results indicate that when the relationship between articular
      cartilage and its normal tissue surroundings is disturbed, rapid proteoglycan
      loss may occur. The conditions induced by carrageenan inflammation have, in
      comparison, little or no effect on cartilage degradation. This raises the
      possibility that the direct effects of inflammatory products are of relatively
      minor importance to cartilage destruction in human arthritis.

PMID- 4027178
TI  - The immune response to pertussis in the 6-day air pouch: a model of chronic
      synovitis.
AB  - We have developed a model of prolonged immunological inflammation in the rat
      which has a structural resemblance to the synovial changes in rheumatoid
      arthritis. Pertussis vaccine was injected into 6-day-old subcutaneous air pouches
      in animals previously sensitized with pertussis vaccine. The resulting
      inflammatory response persisted up to 30 days. Examination of exudates showed a
      wave of polymorphonuclear leucocytes over a 13-day period followed by a
      mononuclear cell predominance up to 30 days. Histologically, an early
      polymorphonuclear cell infiltration was followed by the formation of a lining
      layer of large eosinophilic mononuclear cells, together with deep collections of
      lymphocytes and plasma cells. Concentrations of the acute-phase reactant alpha 1
      glycoprotein, in both serum and exudate, peaked at 3 days. This suggests that the
      local production of interleukin I in this type of tissue reaction is more closely
      related to the acute inflammatory phase than to more chronic interactions between
      monocyte derived cells and lymphocytes.

PMID- 4027179
TI  - The role of platelets in mesangial localization: carbon uptake in
      thrombocytopenic rats.
AB  - The role of platelets in mesangial localization has been studied in Lewis rats
      following a single intravenous injection of colloidal carbon 32 mg/100 g body
      weight. Following carbon injection there was an abrupt thrombocytopenia
      (peripheral platelet count at 10 min 165 +/- 107 X 10(3)/mm3). Temporary
      sequestration of platelets in lung, liver and spleen was demonstrated using
      quinacrine-labelled platelets. Carbon was quantitated in blood, lung, liver and
      spleen by digestion and spectrophotometry and in glomerular mesangium by particle
      counting of histological sections under oil-immersion microscopy. In
      thrombocytopenic rats (busulphan 17.5 mg/kg weight) blood carbon levels (up to 1
      h after injection) were higher than normal controls (P less than 0.01) and
      mesangial carbon content at 24 h was significantly increased (P less than 0.01).
      No significant alteration in mononuclear phagocytic function was detected at 24
      h. In platelet-restored thrombocytopenic rats, (busulphan-treated, infused with
      homologous platelets) blood and mesangial carbon levels were decreased towards
      normal values. These findings show that (1) platelets are involved in the initial
      removal of carbon from the blood (2) mesangial localization is related to blood
      levels and (3) platelet numbers affect both these parameters. The finding of
      increased mesangial deposition in thrombocytopenic rats may have significance for
      immune complex glomerulonephritis where platelet numbers may be low due to
      persistent platelet activation.

PMID- 4027180
TI  - Detection of reticulo-endothelial blockade with low-dose test agent.
AB  - Blood clearance and organ extraction of a low-dose reticulo-endothelial test
      agent, technetium labelled tin colloid (TTC), was measured in groups of rabbits
      pretreated with reticulo-endothelial blocking agents. Electron microscopy and
      ultrastructure analysis confirmed that Kupffer cells extracted TTC. Pretreatment
      with silica caused reduced Kupffer cell uptake and spillover of TTC into the
      spleen. Pretreatment with sheep red cells caused reduced Kupffer cell uptake and
      reduced splenic uptake but anti-fibronectin caused only reduced splenic uptake of
      TTC. TTC is a suitable agent to detect alteration of reticulo-endothelial
      function.

PMID- 4027181
TI  - Lethal epidermolytic epidermolysis bullosa: a new autosomal recessive type of
      epidermolysis bullosa.
AB  - A distinctive form of epidermolysis bullosa is reported among several members of
      a large Sudanese family. Although on ultrastructural grounds this appears to be
      simplex type, it is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is associated
      with a high mortality.

PMID- 4027182
TI  - Vitiligo in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We studied the association between vitiligo and diabetes mellitus, and found that
      vitiligo is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes but not with non-insulin
      dependent diabetes. This gives further weight to the theory that vitiligo is an
      autoimmune disease.

PMID- 4027183
TI  - PUVA therapy of chronic actinic dermatitis.
AB  - Four men with long-standing chronic actinic dermatitis were treated with a
      modified PUVA regime which initially included generalized applications of topical
      steroids given immediately after PUVA exposure. All patients are now free of
      rash, no longer need protection from UV radiation, and are being maintained on
      twice monthly PUVA therapy (IO J/cm2).

PMID- 4027185
TI  - The cutaneous reaction to staphylococcal protein A in normal subjects and
      patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis.
AB  - Intradermal testing with the staphylococcal cell wall component, protein A, in
      healthy volunteers and in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis produced
      a range of responses but in all groups there was an immediate weal and flare
      response. There was marked individual variation in subsequent erythema, but the
      patients with atopic dermatitis had less erythema at 15 min and 24 h than normal
      or psoriatic individuals. The greatest erythematous reaction at 48 h was seen in
      patients with psoriasis.

PMID- 4027184
TI  - The number and distribution of benign pigmented moles (melanocytic naevi) in a
      healthy British population.
AB  - Total body mole counts have been performed on 432 normal healthy Caucasian
      subjects aged 4 days to 96 years (204 males and 228 females). The mean total body
      mole count in the first decade of life is three for females and two for males,
      rising rapidly in the second decade to a mean of 23 for females and 18 for males.
      In the third decade numbers are highest, with a mean of 33 for females and 22 for
      males. Thereafter, numbers of moles slowly drop until in the eighth decade they
      have fallen to levels similar to those seen in pre-pubertal children. There is a
      significant association between the presence of naevi in early childhood (prior
      to 5 years of age) and the development in later life of large numbers of moles.
      In women there is no significant association between total mole counts and either
      parity or use of the oral contraceptive.

PMID- 4027186
TI  - Stimulated mitotic counts in the non-lesional skin of patients with psoriasis and
      controls.
AB  - Mitotic counts have been determined in the symptomless skin of nine psoriatic
      patients and nine healthy controls 48 h after pressure-tape stripping. A
      significantly increased response was seen in the symptomless psoriatic epidermis
      compared with the controls.

PMID- 4027187
TI  - Spatial variability of vasodilatation in human forearm skin.
AB  - Vasodilatation elicited by topical application of methyl nicotinate was measured
      by photoplethysmography at various positions on human ventral forearm skin. The
      time-to-peak response, the magnitude of the peak response, the area under the
      response-time curve and the time for the response to decay to 75% of the maximum
      value, were recorded at six positions on the left and right forearms of eight
      subjects. There was no significant difference between response on the right and
      left forearm sites and no difference in response between the lateral and medial
      sites on the forearms. In a second experiment, the vasodilatation was measured at
      proximal and distal positions on the forearm. The magnitude of the peak response
      at the proximal position was significantly higher than that found distally (P
      less than 0.01) as was the area under the response-time curve (P less than 0.05).
      These results suggest a possible cause for the variation observed in
      vasoconstrictor assays of corticosteroids.

PMID- 4027188
TI  - Lectin binding to psoriatic epidermis.
AB  - The lectin-binding properties of psoriatic epidermis were assessed using a wide
      range of lectins. Changes in these properties were found at all levels of
      differentiation in lesional tissue. There was no clear evidence for an expansion
      in the population of basal-type cells. Binding of some lectins demonstrated a
      normal basal-suprabasal boundary. Others bound closer to the dermal-epidermal
      junction than in normal tissue, and expression of certain normal suprabasal
      characteristics was found in the basal layer in psoriasis. These findings suggest
      that the detected changes in psoriatic glycoconjugates reflect a programme of
      differentiation which is altered rather than incomplete.

PMID- 4027189
TI  - Ultraviolet radiation-induced histopathological changes in the skin of the
      marsupial Monodelphis domestica. I. The effects of acute and chronic exposures
      and of photoreactivation treatment.
AB  - Post-ultraviolet radiation (UVR) treatment of the South American opossum,
      Monodelphis domestica with long-wavelength radiation (320-400 nm) suppressed the
      induction of histopathological alterations in the skin. This study identifies DNA
      as a primary chromophore involved in the induction of various photobiological
      responses of the skin such as hyperplasia and sunburn cell formation, and also
      identified pyrimidine dimers as one responsible DNA lesion. The histology of skin
      from opossums exposed to multiple doses of UVR showed that pre-malignant changes
      had occurred in the skin.

PMID- 4027190
TI  - Effect of platelet homogenate on in vitro glycosaminoglycans production by dermal
      fibroblasts from systemic sclerosis patients and normal controls.
AB  - Confluent cultures of dermal fibroblasts from the involved skin of systemic
      sclerosis patients (SF) and a matched skin site of normal controls (NF) were
      investigated for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in response to various
      concentrations of human platelet homogenate (PH). Experiments were carried out in
      the presence of 1% and 15% human serum (HS). In the absence of PH, GAG synthesis
      was higher in SF than NF. An increase in GAG synthesis was demonstrated in both
      SF and NF as the concentration of PH was increased to 200 micrograms/ml of growth
      medium. The PH-stimulated GAG synthesis occurred in 15% HS treated SF and NF, but
      there was no GAG synthesis increase in 1% HS-treated NF. The absolute count of
      GAG synthesis was always greater in SF than NF. The addition of PH in
      concentrations higher than 200 micrograms/ml led to cell death of both SF and NF.
      These findings are the first to indicate a difference between SF and NF response
      to PH.

PMID- 4027191
TI  - Short contact dithranol therapy--twice daily and high concentration regimes.

PMID- 4027192
TI  - Taping for embedded toenails.

PMID- 4027193
TI  - Deficient natural killer (NK) cells in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
      (PNH): studies of lymphoid cells fractionated by discontinuous density gradient
      centrifugation.
AB  - Non-adherent, non-B lymphoid cells from six patients with PNH and six healthy
      subjects were fractionated by Percoll discontinuous density gradient
      centrifugation (DDGC). The cell distribution pattern, NK cell activity (NKA),
      large granular lymphocytes (LGL) count and surface marker phenotypes were
      studied. The distribution patterns of patients' cells did not significantly
      differ from the controls. The peak of the NKA was found in low density fractions
      where the maximum counts of LGL, Leu-7+2- cells and Leu-11+ cells were present.
      The NKA and the proportion of Leu-7+2- cells and Leu-11+ cells were significantly
      lower in patients with PNH (P less than 0.001 for NKA and surface phenotypes; P
      less than 0.02 for LGL counts). NKA in the Percoll fractions was correlated with
      the counts of LGL (r=0.69, P less than 0.001), Leu-7+2- cells (r = 0.75, P less
      than 0.001) and Leu-11+ cells (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001). Therefore, we
      concluded that NKA is deficient in PNH because of decreased NK cell counts.

PMID- 4027194
TI  - Carrier detection in factor VII congenital deficiency.
AB  - Thirty obligate and 28 possible carriers of factor VII congenital deficiency,
      belonging to 16 families, were studied in relation to the immunological variants
      to which the kindreds belonged, namely, VII+, VIIR and VII-. Factor VII activity
      and antigen determinations in these subjects formed two phenotypical patterns: a
      discrepant pattern characterized by a low ratio activity/antigen present in VII+
      heterozygotes, and a non-discrepant pattern (normal ratio activity/antigen) which
      is present in the VII- and VIIR variants. In the first genetic variant the
      detection of carriers can be performed using the ratio VII:C/VII:Ag. In the other
      variant, which accounts for the vast majority of heterozygotes, the distribution
      of the carriers' factor VII is so widespread that a large overlap results between
      these subjects and the normals. The application of a probabilistic calculation
      performed by combining the actual values of factor VII:C and the genetic
      probability of carriership using Fisher's linear discriminant analysis, makes
      discrimination between carriers and normals easier.

PMID- 4027195
TI  - Heterogeneity of erythropoietin-dependent erythrocytosis: case report in a child
      and synopsis of primary erythrocytosis syndromes.
AB  - To investigate the pathogenesis of polycythaemia in a child with isolated,
      primary erythrocytosis, we measured serum erythropoietin activity and in vitro
      erythroid progenitor cell responsiveness to erythropoietin. Unstimulated
      erythropoietin activity was markedly elevated (1.8 IU/ml), and isovolaemic
      phlebotomy induced a four-fold increment above this level. In contrast to
      findings in our index case with this syndrome, normal erythroid colony growth
      patterns were present in patient marrow cultures. The primary mechanism of
      polycythaemia in this individual is similar to that reported in the index case:
      an inappropriately elevated regulatory set point for erythropoietin production.
      Since an additional defect of progenitor cell hypersensitivity to erythropoietin
      is not always present, we conclude that abnormalities at single or multiple sites
      of the erythropoietic regulatory axis may occur in primary erythropoietin
      dependent erythrocytosis.

PMID- 4027196
TI  - Red cell kinetics in thalassaemia intermedia.

PMID- 4027198
TI  - Cytochemistry in the differential diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies.

PMID- 4027197
TI  - Prolymphocytic leukemia treated by leukapheresis with relief of respiratory
      symptoms.

PMID- 4027199
TI  - Chronic lymphocytosis due to the expansion of granular lymphocytes.

PMID- 4027200
TI  - Debendox revisited.
AB  - Two further studies re-examine the findings by Golding et al. (1983) in Oxford
      that mothers of children born with oral clefts had been more frequently
      prescribed Debendox (Bendectin) than had the mothers of matched controls. In
      Cardiff, 86 283 total births between 1965 and 1979 included 139 infants with oral
      clefts. Detailed information was obtained about 93 of these infants and matched
      controls. The relative risk of the birth of an infant with an oral cleft to women
      prescribed Debendox within 69 days of the first day of their last menstrual
      period was 0.64 (95% confidence limits 0.12-3.34). No increased effect was found
      amongst women who smoked. In Aberdeen, 17 640 livebirths between 1976 and 1979
      included 31 children with oral clefts. Compared with the non-exposed group the
      risk of a birth of an infant with an oral cleft to a woman prescribed Debendox in
      early pregnancy was 0.37 (95% confidence limits 0.09-1.47). These results do not
      confirm the previous findings in Oxford of a possible association between
      exposure to Debendox in early pregnancy and the occurrence of oral clefts in the
      child.

PMID- 4027202
TI  - Risks of midtrimester amniocentesis; assessment in 3000 pregnancies.
AB  - The obstetric outcome of 3000 pregnancies with midtrimester amniocentesis was
      followed in all but one patient. Thirty pregnancies ended in fetal death or
      abortion within 3 weeks after amniocentesis. Chronologically 23 of these occurred
      in the first series of 1500 pregnancies and the remaining seven fetal
      deaths/abortions within 3 weeks after amniocentesis occurred in the second series
      of 1500 pregnancies. Fetal loss within 3 weeks after amniocentesis was apparently
      related to the experience of the obstetrician and to the use of modern ultrasound
      guidance. It is concluded that the risk of fetal death after midtrimester
      amniocentesis is approximately 0.5%, if only experienced obstetricians using
      modern techniques are involved.

PMID- 4027201
TI  - Protein synthesis and secretion by the human endometrium and decidua during early
      pregnancy.
AB  - To investigate the role of the endometrium in sustaining early pregnancy,
      specimens of endometrium from early pregnancy were incubated in vitro with
      radiolabelled amino acids, and protein synthesis and secretion were studied by
      subsequent fluorographic analysis of one-and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels.
      Seventeen secreted endometrial proteins (EP) were identified. Changes were
      demonstrated in the rate of synthesis and/or secretion of a number of these
      proteins during early pregnancy. Two proteins, EP 14 and EP 15, are the principal
      secretory proteins of pregnancy endometrium. EP 14 (subunit mol. wt 32 000) is
      associated with decidualized endometrium and its rate of synthesis/secretion
      increases during early pregnancy. EP 15 (subunit mol. wt 28 000) is also
      synthesized and secreted by the secretory endometrium during the menstrual cycle,
      and during early pregnancy, but its secretion declines to undetectable levels by
      week 15-16. These proteins may provide useful markers of endometrial function and
      differentiation during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

PMID- 4027203
TI  - Chorioamnionitis and funiculitis in the placentas of 200 births weighing less
      than 2.5 kg.
AB  - A retrospective histopathological study of the placental and non-placental
      membranes and umbilical cords of 200 live and stillborn babies weighing less than
      2.5 kg is reported. The pathological studies were specifically concerned with the
      presence of infection as evidenced by a polymorphonuclear leucocytic infiltrate
      at these sites. Inflammatory lesions were demonstrated in 48.5% of specimens. The
      incidence of inflammatory lesions was highest in those with prolonged rupture of
      the membranes, and in the placentas of the smallest and least mature infants of a
      size appropriate to their gestational age. Puerperal pyrexia, neonatal sepsis and
      perinatal mortality were also more common in the infected group but none of the
      perinatal deaths was directly attributable to infection. The role of infection as
      a cause of premature rupture of the membranes, premature labour and subsequent
      perinatal outcome is still unclear though our data would suggest it is not
      unimportant.

PMID- 4027204
TI  - Episiotomy and third-degree tears.
AB  - The relation of episiotomy to third-degree perineal tears was investigated in 21
      278 singleton deliveries. The incidence of episiotomy was 28.4% (n = 6041). Third
      degree tears occurred in 1.4% (85) of the deliveries with episiotomy and in 0.9%
      (132) of the deliveries without episiotomy (P less than 0.01). To avoid the
      effect of confounding factors, we analysed a sub-sample that included only vertex
      presentations with spontaneous occipitoanterior vaginal deliveries. After
      stratification for birthweight and parity, no relation between episiotomy and
      third-degree tear was found.

PMID- 4027205
TI  - Faecal incontinence due to external anal sphincter division in childbirth is
      associated with damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature: a
      double pathology.
AB  - The commonest cause of external anal sphincter division is injury during
      childbirth. We have studied 20 patients with anterior external anal sphincter
      division using physical and electrophysiological techniques. There was evidence
      of pudendal nerve damage in 60% of these patients. This finding suggests that
      damage to the innervation of the external anal sphincter often co-exists with
      direct injury to the muscle; in these patients pelvic floor surgery may be
      required, in addition to sphincter repair itself.

PMID- 4027206
TI  - Uroflowmetry for predicting postoperative voiding difficulties in women with
      stress urinary incontinence.
AB  - Pre-operative knowledge of uroflowmetry and postvoiding residual urine volumes in
      a group of 45 women undergoing urinary incontinence surgery failed to predict
      risks of postoperative voiding difficulties. Only one out of nine patients
      needing prolonged post-operative bladder drainage (greater than or equal to 7
      days) gave a pre-operative history of voiding difficulties. More than half the
      patients (5/9) who needed prolonged catheterization had normal flow rates were
      able to resume spontaneous voiding within 7 days following incontinence surgery.

PMID- 4027207
TI  - Age as a prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - One prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer appears to be the patient's
      age at presentation. We have retrospectively analysed data from 2305 patients
      with this tumour in East Anglia during the period 1960-1980. The influence of age
      as a factor in survival was studied by comparing outcome in young patients
      between the ages of 15 and 35 (3.1% of all cases) with the outcome in the women
      over 35. The prognosis was significantly better in young patients, even when age
      correction is applied. This has implications for the management of patients with
      this common tumour.

PMID- 4027208
TI  - Immunohistological characterization of antigen expression by trophoblast
      populations in ectopic cornual implantation. Case report.

PMID- 4027209
TI  - Transient blindness associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Case reports.

PMID- 4027210
TI  - Bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy following in-vitro fertilization and embryo
      replacement. Case report.

PMID- 4027211
TI  - Placenta percreta causing uterine rupture. Case report.

PMID- 4027212
TI  - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. A report of two cases and a review of
      the literature.

PMID- 4027213
TI  - Aggressive endometrial stromal sarcoma responding to medroxyprogesterone
      following failure of tamoxifen and combination chemotherapy. Case report.

PMID- 4027214
TI  - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome due to a gastrin secreting ovarian mucinous
      cystadenoma. Case report.

PMID- 4027215
TI  - Mechanism of inactivation of 3-oxosteroid delta 5-isomerase by 17 beta-oxiranes.
AB  - The affinity label (17S)-spiro[estra-1,3,5(10),6,8-pentaene-17,2'-oxiran]-3-ol (5
      beta) inactivates 3-oxosteroid delta 5-isomerase from Pseudomonas testosteroni by
      formation of a covalent bond between Asp-38 of the enzyme and the steroid. High
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of tryptic digests of
      inactivated enzyme shows that two isomeric steroid-containing peptides are formed
      in a ratio of 9:1 at pH 7 (TPS1 and TPS2). Hydrolysis of each of these peptides
      produces a different steroid: TPS1 releases 17 alpha-(hydroxymethyl)estra
      1,3,5(10),6,8-pentaene-3,17 beta-diol (S1) whereas TPS2 yields 17 beta
      (hydroxymethyl)estra-1,3,5(10),6,8-pentaene-3,17 alpha-diol (S2). Inactivation of
      the enzyme by (17S)-spiro[estra-1,3,5(10),6,8-pentaene-17,2'-oxiran-18O]-3-ol,
      followed by mass spectral analysis of the diacetate of the steroid released upon
      hydrolysis of the enzyme-inhibitor bond, reveals that TPS1 is formed by attack of
      Asp-38 at the methylene carbon of the oxirane. In contrast, TPS2 is produced by
      Asp-38 attack at the tertiary carbon. These results imply that inactivation
      occurs through concurrent SN1 and SN2 reactions of Asp-38 with the protonated
      inhibitor and that Asp-38 is located on the alpha face of the steroid when it is
      bound to the active site in the correct manner to react for both the SN1 and SN2
      processes.

PMID- 4027216
TI  - Influence of hydrophobic and steric effects in the acyl group on acylation of
      alpha-chymotrypsin by N-acylimidazoles.
AB  - The second-order rate constants k2/Km for acylation of alpha-chymotrypsin by a
      series of N-acylimidazole derivatives of aliphatic carboxylic acids have been
      determined at 30 degrees C by proflavin displacement from the active site. With
      cyclohexyl-substituted N-acylimidazoles, the rate constants increase with
      increasing chain length of the acyl group; i.e., k2/Km is in the order
      cyclohexylcarbonyl less than cyclohexylacetyl less than beta-cyclohexylpropionyl.
      The latter substrate has k2/Km = 1.2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 at pH 8.0, which appears to
      be a maximum value for N-acylimidazole substrates. A further increase in the
      chain length of the acyl group with (gamma-cyclohexylbutyryl)imidazole results in
      a decrease in k2/Km. Hydrophobic effects of the hydrocarbon acyl groups are of
      predominant importance with regard to the relative values of k2/Km for aliphatic
      N-acylimidazole substrates. There is a linear correlation of the logarithms of
      the rate constants at pH 8.0 with the hydrophobic substituent constants, pi,
      having a slope of 1.71 (r = 0.90). On the other hand, there is little apparent
      correlation with the Taft steric effect constants, Es. A four-parameter equation
      including both pi and Es improved the correlation only slightly [log (k2/Km) =
      1.88 pi + 1.01 Es + C]. In contrast, steric effects as reflected in the Es
      constants are the major influence in acylation of the enzyme by corresponding p
      nitrophenyl esters. There are very likely significant differences in transition
      state structure with the two types of substrates.

PMID- 4027217
TI  - Effects of lipid environment on the light-induced conformational changes of
      rhodopsin. 1. Absence of metarhodopsin II production in
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine recombinant membranes.
AB  - Photolysis of bovine rhodopsin in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine recombinant
      membranes results in the production of a relatively stable metarhodopsin I like
      photointermediate that decays slowly to a species with a broad absorbance maximum
      centered at about 380 nm [O'Brien, D. F., Costa, L. F., & Ott, R. A. (1977)
      Biochemistry 16, 1295-1303]. On the basis of the results of a variety of chemical
      and spectroscopic tests, we show that this process corresponds to the production
      of free retinal plus opsin and not to the slow production of metarhodopsin II.
      Electron spin resonance studies using a novel disulfide spin-label that is
      covalently linked to rhodopsin indicate that the apparent arrest of the protein
      at the metarhodopsin I stage is not due to simple aggregation of the protein in
      this short-chain, saturated lipid bilayer but must be understood in terms of the
      effect of the lipid host on the conformational energies of individual protein
      molecules. Limited production of metarhodopsin II is observed under acidic
      conditions. Thus, the rhodopsin-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine recombinants offer
      a unique system for the study of the effect of the phospholipid bilayer
      environment on the conformation of an intrinsic membrane protein.

PMID- 4027218
TI  - Effects of lipid environment on the light-induced conformational changes of
      rhodopsin. 2. Roles of lipid chain length, unsaturation, and phase state.
AB  - When rhodopsin is incorporated into the saturated short-chain phospholipid
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, photolysis of the protein results in an abnormal
      sequence of spectral transitions, and the dominant product of metarhodopsin I
      decay is free retinal plus opsin [Baldwin, P. A., & Hubbell, W. L. (1985)
      Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. By incorporation of rhodopsin into
      a series of phosphatidylcholines of defined composition, we have determined the
      properties of the lipid environment that are responsible for the altered spectral
      behavior. Metarhodopsin II is not found in appreciable amounts in bilayers
      containing acyl chains that are too short (14 or fewer carbon atoms in length),
      in the presence of only n-alkyl chains, or below the characteristic phase
      transition temperature of recombinant membranes. Double bonds are not required
      for the formation of the metarhodopsin II intermediate, as it is observed in
      diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine recombinants.

PMID- 4027219
TI  - Nanosecond optical spectra of iron-cobalt hybrid hemoglobins: geminate
      recombination, conformational changes, and intersubunit communication.
AB  - Hybrid hemoglobins were prepared in which cobalt was substituted for the heme
      iron in either the alpha or beta subunits. Transient optical absorption spectra
      were measured at room temperature for these hybrids at time intervals between 0
      and 50 ms following photodissociation of the carbon monoxide complex with 10-ns
      laser pulses. The cobalt porphyrins do not bind carbon monoxide, making it
      possible to investigate the time-resolved response of the cobalt-containing
      subunits to photodissociation of carbon monoxide in the iron-containing subunits.
      At the same time the response of the iron-containing subunits to the photolysis
      event can be studied, permitting an independent determination of the kinetics of
      ligand rebinding and conformational changes in the alpha and beta subunits of an
      intact tetramer. The data were analyzed by using singular-value decomposition to
      obtain the kinetic progress curve for ligand rebinding, the deoxyheme and cobalt
      porphyrin spectral changes, and the time course of these spectral changes. The
      geminate rebinding kinetics following photodissociation of alpha(Co)2 beta(Fe
      CO)2 were very similar to those found unsubstituted hemoglobin, alpha(Fe-CO)2
      beta(Fe-CO)2, indicating equivalence of the geminate kinetics for alpha and beta
      subunits within the R-state tetramer. The results for alpha(Fe-CO)2 beta(Co)2
      were consistent with this conclusion, even though the analysis was complicated by
      the presence of comparable populations of R- and T-state species. Comparison of
      the deoxyheme spectral changes and relaxation times among the three molecules
      indicated that both alpha and beta subunits contribute to the deoxyheme spectral
      changes that signal tertiary and quaternary conformational changes in the
      unsubstituted tetramer. The response of the cobalt porphyrins to
      photodissociation was similar in the two hybrids. No structural changes were
      detected in the cobalt-containing subunits until the second tertiary
      conformational change in the iron-containing subunits observed at 1-2
      microseconds. Much larger structural changes, as judged by the amplitude of the
      spectral changes, occurred in the cobalt-containing subunits concomitant with the
      R----T quaternary change at about 20 microseconds.

PMID- 4027220
TI  - Influence of an extrinsic cross-link on the folding pathway of ribonuclease A.
      Kinetics of folding-unfolding.
AB  - The kinetics of folding/unfolding of cross-linked Lys7-dinitrophenylene-Lys41
      ribonuclease A were studied and compared to those of unmodified ribonuclease A
      (RNase A) at various concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride. The folding of
      the denatured cross-linked protein involved one fast-folding species (22 +/- 4%)
      and two slow-folding species, as observed in unmodified ribonuclease A. Also, a
      nativelike intermediate, analogous to that reported previously for unmodified
      ribonuclease A [Cook, K. H., Schmid, F. X., & Baldwin, R. L. (1979) Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 6157], has been detected on the folding pathway of cross
      linked ribonuclease A. The extrinsic cross-link between Lys7 and Lys41 did not
      affect the rate constants for the folding kinetics of these three species. The
      cross-link did, however, significantly affect the rate constant for unfolding of
      the native protein. The conformation of the protein in the transition state of
      the unfolding pathway was deduced from an analysis of the kinetic data. It
      appears that the 41 N-terminal residues are unfolded in the transition state of
      the unfolding pathway. Thus, the unfolding pathway of RNase A is sequential in
      that further unfolding (after the transition state) follows the unfolding of the
      41 N-terminal residues. Also, the conformation of the 41 N-terminal residues does
      not play a role in the folding pathway. Presumably, if the cross-link were
      introduced instead between two other residues that are in the segment(s) involved
      in the rate-limiting step(s), it could increase the refolding rate constants and
      possibly the concentration of fast-folding species.

PMID- 4027221
TI  - Contact site of histones 2A and 2B in chromatin and in solution.
AB  - Irradiation of isolated nuclei or of a complex of histones 2A (H2A) and 2B (H2B)
      with ultraviolet light produces a covalent cross-link between H2A and H2B.
      Sequence analysis of the peptides isolated from the H2A-H2B dimer formed in
      solution and in nuclei demonstrated that both dimers are produced through the
      covalent linkage of Tyr-40 of H2B and Pro-26 of H2A. Tyrosyl residues proximal to
      Tyr-40 did not produce a cross-link with H2A, thereby indicating that strict
      conformational parameters are required for production of the H2A-H2B cross-link.
      We conclude that the precise juxtaposition of Tyr-40 of H2B and Pro-26 of H2A in
      this region of the H2A/H2B contact site is not altered upon interaction of these
      histones with H3 and H4 (tetramer), DNA, or other chromosomal components during
      nucleosome assembly.

PMID- 4027222
TI  - Accessibility of tyrosyl residues altered by formation of the histone 2A/2B
      complex.
AB  - The availability of tyrosyl residues to surface iodination was analyzed for
      histone 2A (H2A), histone 2B (H2B), and the H2A/H2B complex. When H2A is free in
      solution (200 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) tyrosine-39 and one or both tyrosines-50 and -57
      were readily iodinated. Tyrosines-83 and -121 of H2B were iodinated, both when
      the histone was free in solution and when it was associated with H2A, while
      tyrosines-37, -40, and -42 of H2B were not iodinated under either condition. When
      H2A and H2B were associated or covalently cross-linked, all tyrosyl residues of
      H2A were unavailable for iodination. We also found that the iodination of
      nondenatured H2A and H2B did not inhibit formation of the H2A/H2B complex. These
      results indicate that the amino-terminal regions of the hydrophobic portions of
      H2A and H2B undergo significant conformational changes upon formation of the
      H2A/H2B complex. These conformational shifts occur in the same region of the
      H2A/H2B complex that contains a contact site between H2A and H2B in the
      nucleosome, thus indicating an involvement of this region in chromatin assembly.

PMID- 4027223
TI  - 500-MHz 1H NMR studies of ragweed allergen Ra5.
AB  - The solution conformation of short ragweed allergen Ra5, a protein of 45 amino
      acid residues cross-linked with four disulfide bridges, has been investigated by
      1H NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz. The aromatic region, which contains resonances
      from three tyrosines and two tryptophans, has been partially assigned. Two
      tyrosines titrate with a pK of 10.2; a third tyrosine is buried under the
      tryptophan resonances, and its pK could not be determined. The two tryptophans
      reside in different microenvironments; the resonances of one are very similar to
      those found in random coil structures while the other has dramatically shifted
      peaks. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) difference spectroscopy is used to define
      two distinct spin-diffusion systems for the aromatic residues and to further
      identify several methyl-containing amino acids involved in these systems.
      Assignments in the methyl region are based on selective decoupling, chemical
      shifts, NOE difference spectra, and 2-D J-resolved and 2-D J-correlated
      spectroscopy (COSY) methodology. A unique ring-current-shifted methyl doublet in
      the Ra5 spectrum titrates into the bulk methyl region with a pK of 10.2.
      Examination of the COSY map suggests that this resonance belongs to either
      leucine-1 or isoleucine-38. Chemical removal of the N-terminal leucine did not
      affect the ring-current-shifted methyl. Therefore, this unique resonance has been
      assigned to the methyl of isoleucine-38.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027224
TI  - Ninth component of complement: self-aggregation and interaction with lipids.
AB  - We have investigated environmental conditions that might be of importance for the
      polymerization of the ninth component (C9) of human complement. In disagreement
      with earlier reports summarized by Tschopp et al. [Tschopp, J., Muller-Eberhard,
      H. J., & Podack, E. R. (1982) Nature (London) 298, 534-538] we find no evidence
      for significant aggregation or loss of hemolytic activity of C9 when incubated at
      37 degrees C even after 12 days of incubation. Higher temperatures cause
      denaturation of the protein and formation of stringlike aggregates. In contrast,
      short-term proteolysis with 1% (w/w) trypsin at room temperature causes rapid
      polymerization of part of the C9 into tubular structures (poly-C9), and the
      remainder of the monomeric C9 is digested. This polymerization reaction is
      inhibitable by trypsin inhibitor; alpha-thrombin and proteinase K are ineffective
      in creating polymers. A second discrepancy to the earlier reports is our finding
      that monomeric C9 immediately interacts with small unilamellar lipid vesicles
      (SUV) without a required heating step. As a result of this interaction about half
      of the C9 aggregates to form strings and tubules, and these aggregates cause
      agglutination of vesicles. The other half of the C9 associates with a second
      population of SUV without causing a change in Stokes' radius of these vesicles,
      and no proteinaceous structures are detectable on the vesicle surface by electron
      microscopy. When these two vesicle populations are tested for their membrane
      integrity, no release of an encapsulated fluorescent marker can be detected, nor
      is there leakage of potassium ions across the bilayer membrane since a membrane
      diffusion potential can be developed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027225
TI  - 1-Palmitoyl-2-pyrenedecanoyl glycerophospholipids as membrane probes: evidence
      for regular distribution in liquid-crystalline phosphatidylcholine bilayers.
AB  - We have synthesized 1-palmitoyl-2-pyrenedecanoyl-sn-glycero derivatives of 3
      phosphatidylcholine, 3-phosphatidylethanolamine, 3-phosphatidylserine, 3
      phosphatidylglycerol, 3-phosphatidylinositol, and 3-phosphatidic acid and
      investigated their behavior in monolayers and in neat and mixed bilayers.
      Fluorescence spectroscopy of neat pyrene phospholipid dispersions revealed a well
      defined thermotropic transition at 13.5-19 degrees C depending on the polar head
      group. An endotherm coinciding with this transition was observed with
      differential scanning calorimetry, indicating it to be due to the melting of the
      lipid acyl chains. For pyrenephosphatidylethanolamine, the endotherm was observed
      at a much higher temperature (70 degrees C). Compression isotherms obtained at an
      argon/water interface revealed that the pyrene moiety somewhat increases the mean
      molecular area of a phospholipid molecule but does not prevent the expression of
      head-group-dependent packing behavior. Partition of the pyrene lipids between
      coexisting fluid and solid phases was investigated with fluorometry and
      calorimetry. Both techniques indicate that these lipids prefer the fluid phase
      and that this preference is independent of the head group. The rates and apparent
      activation energies of lateral diffusion in fluid bilayers were found to be
      similar for most pyrene lipids, suggesting that the lateral movement of
      phospholipids is not critically dependent on interactions at the head-group
      level. Lateral distribution of the pyrene lipids in gel and fluid
      phosphatidylcholine bilayers was studied with the excimer technique and
      calorimetry. In gel-state dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers, the pyrene
      lipids form clusters. These clusters, however, do not consist of pure pyrene
      lipid but of aggregates (compounds) of the labeled and unlabeled lipid.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027226
TI  - Enthalpies of ligand binding to bovine neurophysins.
AB  - Flow microcalorimetry and batch microcalorimetry have been used to survey the
      energetics of ligand binding by bovine neurophysins I and II. Calorimetry studies
      were supplemented by van't Hoff analyses of binding constants determined by
      circular dichroism. Free energies of binding of a series of di- and tripeptides
      that bind to the strong hormone binding site of neurophysin were partitioned into
      their enthalpic and entropic components. The results indicate that, at 25 degrees
      C, the binding of most peptides is an enthalpy-driven reaction associated with
      negative entropy and heat capacity changes. Studies elsewhere, supported by
      evidence here, indicate that the principal component of the negative enthalpy
      change does not arise from the increase in neurophysin dimerization associated
      with peptide binding. Accordingly, the negative enthalpy change is attributed to
      direct bonding interactions with peptide and possibly also to peptide-induced
      changes in tertiary or quaternary organization. Comparison of the binding
      enthalpies of different peptides indicated two types of bonding interactions that
      contribute to the negative enthalpy change of peptide ligation. Substitution of
      an aromatic- or sulfur-containing side chain for an aliphatic side chain in
      position 1 of bound peptides led to increases in negative enthalpy of from 1 to 6
      kcal/mol, demonstrating that interactions typically classified as hydrophobic can
      have a significant exothermic component at 25 degrees C. Similarly, loss of
      hydrogen bonding potential in the peptide decreased the enthalpy change upon
      binding, in keeping with the expected enthalpic contribution of hydrogen bonds.
      In particular, the data suggested that the peptide backbone between residues 2
      and 3 and the phenolic hydroxyl group in position 2 participate in hydrogen
      bonding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027227
TI  - Formation of microtubules at low temperature by tubulin from antarctic fish.
AB  - Tubulin was isolated from two species of antarctic fish, Pagothenia borchgrevinki
      and Dissostichus mawsoni, by cycles of temperature-dependent assembly,
      centrifugation, disassembly, and centrifugation. The preparations were found to
      consist almost entirely of tubulin and to contain negligibly small amounts of
      microtubule-associated proteins. This tubulin polymerized to make microtubules of
      ordinary dimensions. The formed microtubules appear to be in labile equilibrium
      with free tubulin dimer at all temperatures observed. In a buffer consisting of
      0.1 M 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid, 2 mM dithioerythritol, 1 mM MgSO4, 2
      mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, and 1
      mM guanosine 5'-triphosphate, pH 6.9, the tubulin of P. borchgrevinki has a
      critical concentration for assembly of 0.046 (+/- 0.008) mg/mL at 35 degrees C
      and 0.74 (+/- 0.15) mg/mL at the habitat temperature of the fish, -1.8 degrees C.
      The critical concentration measured at the lower temperature is quite small
      relative to the critical concentration for formation of mammalian microtubules
      from pure tubulin at the same temperature, which must be at least 2 orders of
      magnitude larger. The antarctic fish microtubules may thus be called "cold
      stable" by comparison with mammalian microtubules. They do not fully dissociate
      at temperatures near 0 degree C because they are composed of tubulin that
      assembles more readily at these temperatures than does mammalian tubulin. There
      is no evidence for the presence of a cold-stabilizing factor in association with
      the tubulin. These findings suggest that alteration of tubulin may be a means by
      which some poikilotherms can adapt to a cold environment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027228
TI  - Mechanism of action of thrombin on fibrinogen: NMR evidence for a beta-bend at or
      near fibrinogen A alpha Gly(P5)-Gly(P4).
AB  - The following synthetic linear A alpha fibrinogen-like peptides were studied by
      NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solution: Ac-Asp(P10)-Phe(P9)-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gly(P5)
      Gly(P4)-Gly(P3)-Val- Arg(P1)-Gly-(P1)-Pro-Arg(P3')-Val-NHCH3 (F-8), Ac-Phe-Leu
      Ala-Glu-Gly-Gly(P4)-Gly(P3)-Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-NHCH3 (F-6), Ac-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gly
      Gly(P4)-Gly(P3)-Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-NHCH3 (F-7), and Ac-Gly-Gly(P4)-Gly-(P3)-Val-Arg
      Gly-Pro-NHCH3 (F-9). The temperature dependence of the amide proton chemical
      shift is smaller by approximately 22% for the Gly(P3) amide proton in F-9, F-6,
      and F-8 and is similarly smaller for the Gly(P4) amide proton in F-6 and F-8, but
      not F-9, relative to the other amide protons in these peptides. The exchange
      rates with solvent water for the Gly(P3) amide proton in each of these four
      peptides were determined by solvent spin saturation transfer experiments. The
      exchange rate constant for the Gly(P3) amide proton of F-8 was half that of the
      rate constant determined for this proton in F-9, F-7, and F-6. In conjunction
      with previously reported data for the rate of hydrolysis of the Arg(P1)-Gly(P1')
      bond by thrombin, these results suggest that there is a beta-bend at Gly(P5)
      Gly(P4), possibly stabilized by salt links between Asp(P10) and Arg(P3') and
      between phosphorylated Ser(P14) and Arg(P7'), which brings Phe(P9) close to the
      hydrolyzable Arg-Gly bonds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027229
TI  - Exchange of histones H1, H2A, and H2B in vivo.
AB  - We have asked whether histones synthesized in the absence of DNA synthesis can
      exchange into nucleosomal structures. DNA synthesis was inhibited by incubating
      hepatoma tissue culture cells in medium containing 5.0 mM hydroxyurea for 40 min.
      During the final 20 min, the cells were pulsed with [3H]lysine to radiolabel the
      histones (all five histones are substantially labeled under these conditions). By
      two electrophoretic techniques, we demonstrate that histones H1, H2A, and H2B
      synthesized in the presence of hydroxyurea do not merely associate with the
      surface of the chromatin but instead exchange with preexisting histones so that
      for the latter two histones there is incorporation into nucleosome structures. On
      the other hand, H3 and H4 synthesized during this same time period appear to be
      only weakly bound, if at all, to chromatin. These two histones have been isolated
      from postnuclear washes and purified. Some possible implications of in vivo
      exchange are discussed.

PMID- 4027230
TI  - A new variant of the anion transport protein in human erythrocytes.
AB  - The major plasma membrane protein of human erythrocytes is the anion transport
      protein, termed protein 3. We previously reported a variant form of protein 3
      that is elongated on the amino-terminal end of the molecule, which is exposed on
      the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, but otherwise its features are identical
      with those of the normal molecule. We have termed this molecule protein 3 variant
      1. We now report a new variant form, protein 3 variant 2. The erythrocyte donor
      was a double heterozygote whose red cells possess a normal protein 3 and a
      protein 3 variant which is elongated and possesses a second variation at the 4,4'
      diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS) reactive site. Variant 2
      reacts with 4,4'-diisothiocyano-1,2-diphenylethane-2,2'-disulfonic acid (H2DIDS)
      more readily than does the normal molecule. At high pH values, H2DIDS acts as a
      bifunctional cross-linking agent; it cross-links the proteolytic products
      generated by Pronase (or chymotrypsin) treatment of variant 2 less efficiently
      than noted for normal protein 3 or the first variant. Thus, the newly identified
      molecule has an alteration at the DIDS reactive site, which is near the outer
      surface of the membrane. The results can be interpreted as indicating that the
      DIDS binding site of variant 2 is more exposed than the normal molecule, but
      further removed from the site on the carboxyl-terminal fragment involved in cross
      linking. Although there is a difference in the reactivity of the two protein 3
      chains in variant 2, the reaction of variants 1 and 2 and normal cells with
      varying concentrations of [3H]H2DIDS results in the same amount of incorporation
      in all cells. Since protein 3 exists as a dimer or higher aggregate in the
      membrane, these results may indicate an interaction between monomers.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027232
TI  - H+- and Ca2+-induced fusion and destabilization of liposomes.
AB  - A new liposome fusion assay has been developed that monitors the mixing of
      aqueous contents at neutral and low pH. With this assay we have investigated the
      ability of H+ to induce membrane destabilization and fusion. The assay involves
      the fluorophore 1-aminonaphthalene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid (ANTS) and its quencher
      N,N'-p-xylylenebis(pyridinium bromide) (DPX). ANTS is encapsulated in one
      population of liposomes and DPX in another, and fusion results in the quenching
      of ANTS fluorescence. The results obtained with the ANTS/DPX assay at neutral pH
      give kinetics for the Ca2+-induced fusion of phosphatidylserine large unilamellar
      vesicles (PS LUV) that are very similar to those obtained with the
      Tb3+/dipicolinic acid (DPA) assay [Wilschut, J., & Papahadjopoulos, D. (1979)
      Nature (London) 281, 690-692]. ANTS fluorescence is relatively insensitive to pH
      between 7.5 and 4.0. Below pH 4.0 the assay can be used semiquantitatively by
      correcting for quenching of ANTS due to protonation. For PS LUV it was found
      that, at pH 2.0, H+ by itself causes mixing of aqueous contents, which makes H+
      unique among the monovalent cations. We have shown previously that H+ causes a
      contact-induced leakage from liposomes composed of phosphatidylethanolamine and
      the charged cholesteryl ester cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) at pH 5.0 or
      below, where CHEMS becomes protonated. Here we show that H+ causes lipid mixing
      in this pH range but not mixing of aqueous contents. This result affirms the
      necessity of using both aqueous space and lipid bilayer assays to comprehend the
      fusion event between two liposomes.

PMID- 4027231
TI  - Proton-induced fusion of oleic acid-phosphatidylethanolamine liposomes.
AB  - Liposomes composed of oleic acid and phosphatidylethanolamine (3:7 mole ratio)
      aggregate, become destabilized, and fuse below pH 6.5 in 150 mM NaCl. Fusion is
      monitored by (i) the intermixing of internal aqueous contents of liposomes,
      utilizing the quenching of aminonaphthalene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid (ANTS) by N,N'
      p-xylylenebis(pyridinium bromide) (DPX) encapsulated in two separate populations
      of vesicles, (ii) a resonance energy transfer assay for the dilution of
      fluorescent phospholipids from labeled to unlabeled liposomes, (iii) irreversible
      changes in turbidity, and (iv) quick-freezing freeze-fracture electron
      microscopy. Destabilization is followed by the fluorescence increase caused by
      the leakage of coencapsulated ANTS/DPX or of calcein. Ca2+ and Mg2+ also induce
      fusion of these vesicles at 3 and 4 mM, respectively. The threshold for fusion is
      at a higher pH in the presence of low (subfusogenic) concentrations of these
      divalent cations. Vesicles composed of
      phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylethanolamine or of oleic acid/phosphatidylcholine
      (3:7 mole ratio) do not aggregate, destabilize, or fuse in the pH range 7-4,
      indicating that phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine cannot be substituted
      for oleic acid and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively, for proton-induced
      membrane fusion. Freeze-fracture replicas of oleic acid/phosphatidylethanolamine
      liposomes frozen within 1 s of stimulation with pH 5.3 display larger vesicles
      and vesicles undergoing fusion, with membrane ridges and areas of bilayer
      continuity between them. The construction of pH-sensitive liposomes is useful as
      a model for studying the molecular requirements for proton-induced membrane
      fusion in biological systems and for the cytoplasmic delivery of macromolecules.

PMID- 4027233
TI  - Kinetics of pH-dependent fusion between influenza virus and liposomes.
AB  - The pH-dependent fusion between influenza virus and liposomes (large unilamellar
      vesicles) has been investigated as a model for the fusion step in the infectious
      entry of the virus into cells. Fusion was monitored continuously, with a
      fluorescence assay based on resonance energy transfer (RET) [Struck, D. K.,
      Hoekstra, D., & Pagano, R. E. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4093-4099], which allows an
      accurate quantitation of the fusion process. Evidence is presented indicating
      that the dilution of the RET probes from the liposomal bilayer into the viral
      membrane is not due to transfer of individual lipid molecules. The initial rate
      and final extent of the fusion reaction increase dramatically with decreasing pH,
      fusion being virtually complete within 1 min at pH 4.5-5.0. From experiments in
      which the ratio of virus to liposomes was varied, it is concluded that virus
      liposome fusion products continue to fuse with liposomes, but not with virus.
      Fusion is most efficient with liposomes consisting of negatively charged
      phospholipids, while phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are inhibitory. The
      reaction is completely blocked by an antiserum against the virus and inhibited by
      pretreatment of the virus with trypsin. The effect of proteolytic pretreatment at
      pH 7.4 is enhanced after preincubation of the virus at pH 5.0, consistent with
      the occurrence of a low pH induced, irreversible, conformational change in the
      viral fusion protein, the hemagglutinin (HA), exposing trypsin cleavage sites.
      When, after initiation of the fusion reaction at pH 5.0, the pH is readjusted to
      neutral, the process is arrested instantaneously, indicating that the low pH
      induced conformational change in the HA protein, in itself, is not sufficient to
      trigger fusion activity.

PMID- 4027234
TI  - Chronic ethanol increases liver plasma membrane fluidity.
AB  - Purified plasma membrane fractions of cultured well-differentiated Reuber H35
      hepatoma cells were studied after growth in the presence or absence of ethanol.
      Growth of cells in the presence of ethanol significantly increased plasma
      membrane 5'-nucleotidase activity but did not influence sodium-potassium
      adenosinetriphosphatase activity. Fluorescence polarization of lipophilic probes
      was used to study membrane lipid structure. Steady-state polarization of
      diphenylhexatriene (DPH), a probe of the hydrophobic core, was significantly
      lower in plasma membranes from cells grown in 80 mM ethanol for 3 weeks, compared
      to controls. Decreased polarization of DPH in plasma membranes was observed after
      3-weeks growth of cells in as little as 1 mM ethanol. A 1-h exposure to 80 mM
      ethanol had no effect. Altered DPH polarization was due to a decrease in the
      order parameter of the probe. The rotational correlation time of the probe was
      virtually unchanged. Chronic ethanol treatment of cells did not alter the
      polarization of the membrane surface probe trimethylammoniodiphenylhexatriene.
      Plasma membranes from cells grown in 80 mM ethanol had decreased contents of both
      phospholipid and unesterified cholesterol, but the cholesterol to phospholipid
      ratio was unchanged. The percentages of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine in
      plasma membrane phospholipids were significantly decreased after ethanol
      treatment, while the phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratio was increased by
      42%. Vesicles prepared from total plasma membrane lipids of ethanol-treated
      cells, as well as vesicles prepared from polar lipids alone, showed the same
      alterations in DPH polarization as did plasma membranes. The importance of
      ethanol metabolism in the observed plasma membrane changes was demonstrated in
      two ways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027235
TI  - Transmembrane topology of acetylcholine receptor subunits probed with
      photoreactive phospholipids.
AB  - The domains of the acetylcholine receptor subunits that contact the lipid phase
      were investigated by hydrophobic photolabeling of receptor-rich membrane
      fragments prepared from Torpedo marmorata and Torpedo californica electric
      organs. The radioactive arylazido phospholipids used carry a photoreactive group,
      either at the level of the lipid polar head group (PCI) or at the tip of the
      aliphatic chain (PCII), and thus probe respectively the "superficial" and "deep"
      regions of the lipid bilayer. The four subunits of T. marmorata and T.
      californica acetylcholine receptor reacted with both the PCI and PCII probes and
      thus are all exposed to the lipid phase. Ligands known to stabilize different
      conformations of the acetylcholine receptor (nicotinic agonists, snake alpha
      toxin, and noncompetitive blockers) did not cause any significant change in the
      labeling pattern. The acetylcholine receptor associated 43 000-dalton v1 protein
      did not react with any of the probes. A striking difference in labeling between
      T. marmorata and T. californica acetylcholine receptors occurred at the level of
      the alpha-subunit when the superficial PCI probe was used. An approximately 5
      fold higher labeling of the alpha-subunit as compared to the beta-, gamma-, and
      delta-subunits was observed by using receptor-rich membranes from T. marmorata
      but not from T. californica. The same difference persisted after purification of
      the labeled receptors from the two species and was restricted to an 8000-dalton C
      terminal tryptic peptide. The only mutation observed in this region of the
      complete alpha-subunit sequence of the two species is the substitution of
      cysteine-424 in T. marmorata by serine-424 in T. californica.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027236
TI  - Characterization of the platelet agglutinating activity of thrombospondin.
AB  - Thrombospondin (TSP) is a glycoprotein secreted from the alpha-granules of
      platelets upon activation. In the presence of divalent cations, the secreted
      protein binds to the surface of the activated platelets and is responsible for
      the endogenous lectin-like activity associated with activated platelets.
      Platelets fixed with formaldehyde following activation by thrombin are
      agglutinated by exogenously added TSP. Fixed, nonactivated platelets are not
      agglutinated. The platelet agglutinating activity of TSP is optimally expressed
      in the presence of 2 mM each of Mg2+ and Ca2+. Reduction of the disulfide bonds
      within the TSP molecule inhibits its platelet agglutinating activity. TSP bound
      to the surface of fixed, activated platelets can be eluted by the addition of
      disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. This approach was exploited to identify the
      region of the TSP molecule containing the platelet binding site. The binding site
      resides within a thermolytic fragment of TSP with Mr 140 000 but is not present
      in the Mr 120 000 fragment derived from the polypeptide of Mr 140 000. Since both
      the Mr 140 000 and 120 000 fragments contain fibrinogen binding sites, this
      finding suggests that the binding of TSP to the platelet surface requires
      interaction with other platelet surface components in addition to fibrinogen. The
      observation that fibrinogen only partially inhibits the TSP-mediated
      agglutination of fixed, activated platelets is consistent with this
      interpretation.

PMID- 4027237
TI  - Solvent isotope effects for lipoprotein lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of water
      soluble p-nitrophenyl esters.
AB  - Solvent deuterium isotope effects on the rates of lipoprotein lipase (LpL)
      catalyzed hydrolysis of the water-soluble esters p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA) and
      p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) have been measured and fall in the range 1.5-2.2.
      The isotope effects are independent of substrate concentration, LpL stability,
      and reaction temperature and hence are effects on chemical catalysis and not due
      to a medium effect of D2O on LpL stability and/or conformation. pL (L = H or D)
      vs. rate profiles for the Vmax/Km of LpL-catalyzed hydrolysis of PNPB increase
      sigmoidally with increasing pL. Least-squares analysis of the profiles gives
      pKaH2O = 7.10 +/- 0.01, pKaD2O = 7.795 +/- 0.007, and a solvent isotope effect on
      limiting velocity at high pL of 1.97 +/- 0.03. Because the pL-rate profiles are
      for the Vmax/Km of hydrolysis of a water-soluble substrate, the measured pKa's
      are intrinsic acid-base ionization constants for a catalytically involved LpL
      active-site amino acid side chain. Benzeneboronic acid, a potent inhibitor of LpL
      catalyzed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols [Vainio, P., Virtanen, J. A., &
      Kinnunen, P. K. J. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 711, 386-390], inhibits LpL
      catalyzed hydrolysis of PNPB, with Ki = 6.9 microM at pH 7.36, 25 degrees C. This
      result and the solvent isotope effects for LpL-catalyzed hydrolysis of water
      soluble esters are interpreted in terms of a proton transfer mechanism that is
      similar in many respects to that of the serine proteases.

PMID- 4027238
TI  - Alternate substrates and inhibitors of bacterial 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
      dioxygenase.
AB  - A variety of analogues of (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvic acid were synthesized, and the
      reactions of these compounds with the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from
      Pseudomonas sp. P.J. 874 were examined. Several of the ring-substituted substrate
      analogues are reversible inhibitors of the enzyme, the most potent being the
      competitive inhibitor (2,6-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl) pyruvate (Ki = 1.3 microM).
      Two substrate analogues (2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate and [(4
      hydroxyphenyl)thio]pyruvate proved to be alternate substrates for the enzyme. The
      former compound is converted to (3-fluoro-2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate in an
      essentially normal catalytic sequence including oxidative decarboxylation, ring
      hydroxylation, and side-chain migration. The latter compound, however, undergoes
      oxidative decarboxylation and sulfoxidation to give [(4
      hydroxyphenyl)sulfinyl]acetate; ring oxidation is not observed. The implications
      of these results with regard to the catalytic mechanism of 4
      hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase are discussed.

PMID- 4027239
TI  - Properties and catalytic function of the two nonequivalent flavins in sarcosine
      oxidase.
AB  - Sarcosine oxidase from Corynebacterium sp. U-96 contains 1 mol of noncovalently
      bound flavin and 1 mol of covalently bound flavin per mole of enzyme. Anaerobic
      titrations of the enzyme with either sarcosine or dithionite show that both
      flavins are reducible and that two electrons per flavin are required for complete
      reduction. Absorption increases in the 510-650-nm region, attributed to the
      formation of a blue neutral flavin radical, are observed during titration of the
      enzyme with dithionite or substrate, during photochemical reduction of the
      enzyme, and during reoxidation of substrate-reduced enzyme. Fifty percent of the
      enzyme flavin forms a reversible, covalent complex with sulfite (Kd = 1.1 X 10(
      4) M), accompanied by a complete loss of catalytic activity. Sulfite does not
      prevent reduction of the sulfite-unreactive flavin by sarcosine but does
      interfere with the reoxidation of reduced enzyme by oxygen. The stability of the
      sulfite complex is unaffected by excess acetate (an inhibitor competitive with
      sarcosine) or by removal of the noncovalent flavin to form a semiapoprotein
      preparation where 75% of the flavin reacts with sulfite (Kd = 9.4 X 10(-5) M)
      while only 3% remains reducible with sarcosine. The results indicate that oxygen
      and sulfite react with the covalently bound flavin and suggest that sarcosine is
      oxidized by the noncovalently bound flavin.

PMID- 4027240
TI  - Side-chain dynamics of two aromatic amino acids in pancreatic phospholipase A2 as
      studied by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - The flexibility of individual amino acid side chains of pancreatic phospholipase
      A2 in aqueous and micellar solutions was studied with deuterium nuclear magnetic
      resonance (2H NMR). Bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 was selectively deuterated
      at the aromatic ring systems of Trp-3 and Phe-5 and porcine pancreatic
      phospholipase A2 at Trp-3 only. Solid-state 2H NMR spectra of the lyophilized
      enzymes exhibited quadrupole splittings on the order of 130 kHz, indicating
      almost complete immobilization of the aromatic ring systems. Exposure to a water
      saturated atmosphere did not remove these steric constraints. However, side-chain
      mobility could be induced for the tryptophyl residue of the bovine enzyme by
      dissolving this enzyme in aqueous buffer or micellar solution whereas the phenyl
      ring always remained immobile and served as a probe for the protein's overall
      rotation. Typical correlation times for the tryptophyl and phenyl aromatic ring
      systems in aqueous solution were 7 ps and 13 ns (at 20 degrees C), respectively.
      The correlation time of the phenyl ring was longer than expected for the
      monomeric protein (approximately 6 ns), suggesting some aggregation of the
      protein at the high concentrations used for the NMR measurements. Addition of a
      micellar solution of oleoylphosphocholine had no influence on the motional
      freedom of the tryptophyl residue but approximately doubled the correlation time
      of the phenyl ring, indicating an increase of the effective volume of the
      tumbling particle due to lipid-protein interaction. A different behavior was
      observed for the Trp-3 residue of porcine phospholipase A2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027241
TI  - Sedimentation equilibrium measurements of the intermediate-size tobacco mosaic
      virus protein polymers.
AB  - Short-column sedimentation equilibrium methods have been applied for the first
      time to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) protein (0.1 M ionic strength orthophosphate)
      at pH 6.5 and at pH 7.0 to estimate molecular weights. Previous sedimentation
      velocity experiments at pH 6.5, 20 degrees C have led to the conclusion that the
      major boundary with an S0(20),w value of 24.4 +/- 0.1 S consists of a
      distribution of polymers which are mainly three-turn, 48-51-subunit helical rod
      aggregates. The directly measured z-average molecular weights together with
      sedimentation velocity data are entirely consistent with this assignment of a
      three-turn aggregate. Molecular weights have also been determined under two
      conditions where a large mass fraction of the protein sediments with an S0(20),w
      value of 20.3 +/- 0.2 S. At pH 6.5, 6-8 degrees C, the aggregates in this
      boundary are metastable and correspond to 50-60% of the preparation. At pH 7.0,
      20 degrees C at equilibrium, 65-75% of the protein sediments at 20.3 S. The 20.3S
      boundary is very similar under both conditions and is interpreted as being
      composed of a distribution of protein aggregates centered about 39 +/- 2
      subunits. This result is important in the interpretation of previous kinetic
      measurements of TMV self-assembly. The current view is that the 34-subunit
      structure of TMV protein, in the form of a cylindrical disk which is made up of
      two 17-subunit layers and has been characterized in single-crystal X-ray
      diffraction studies, plays a central role in the initial binding steps with RNA.
      The present results are not consistent with the view that there is a significant
      concentration of the TMV protein disk structure in solution under the usual
      conditions of TMV self-assembly.

PMID- 4027242
TI  - Tobacco mosaic virus protein aggregates in solution: structural comparison of 20S
      aggregates with those near conditions for disk crystallization.
AB  - Previous X-ray studies (2.8-A resolution) on the crystals of tobacco mosaic virus
      protein (TMVP) grown from solutions containing high salt have characterized the
      structure of the protein aggregate as a bilayered cylindrical disk formed by 34
      identical subunits [Bloomer, A.C., Champness, J.N., Bricogne, G., Staden, R., &
      Klug, A. (1978) Nature (London) 276, 362-368]. Under low-salt conditions, 20S
      aggregates are in equilibrium with 4S species and involved in the efficient
      nucleation of TMV assembly in vitro [Butler, P.J.G. (1984) J. Gen. Virol. 65, 253
      279]. We have investigated by sedimentation velocity and near-UV circular
      dichroism (CD) measurements the structure of 20S aggregates in low salt (I = 0.1
      potassium phosphate at pH 7.0 and 20 degrees C) and the aggregates in high salt
      [0.2 M (NH4)2SO4 in I = 0.1 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride at pH
      8.0 and 20 degrees C, close to the conditions under which TMVP crystallizes as
      disk aggregates]. At high salt, we observe structures (presumably stacks of
      disks) having s20,w values around 40, 45, and 50 S, but not the 20S species
      present in low-salt buffers. The near-UV CD spectrum of 20S aggregates has been
      obtained for the first time, using computer techniques, from the spectra of the
      4S-20S equilibrium mixture and the 4S species. This spectrum of 20S aggregates
      differs dramatically from that of the stacks of disks examined at both high and
      low salt (into which the stacks can be returned by dialysis), indicating that the
      difference is not a solvent effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027243
TI  - Effect of various anions on the stability of the coiled coil of skeletal muscle
      myosin.
AB  - The stability of skeletal myosin rod was studied by following the dependence of
      both papain digestion kinetics and helix-coil transition temperatures on the
      concentration of neutral salts. The rate of papain-catalyzed digestion of rod to
      form subfragment 2 and light meromyosin was strongly dependent on chloride
      concentration but essentially independent of acetate concentration up to 2.0 M.
      The rod exhibited a biphasic melting curve in 0.6 M NaCl, 5 mM phosphate, and 0.1
      mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pH 7.3, with transitions at 45 and 53
      degrees C. In 0.6 M CH3COONa, 5 mM phosphate, and 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 7.3, the
      transitions occurred at 50 and 58 degrees C, respectively. Transition
      temperatures were obtained with a novel curve-fitting method. The effect of
      increasing chloride ion concentration on melting profiles was 2-fold. Below 0.6 M
      salt, the two transition temperatures, Tm,1 and Tm,2, depended on salt
      concentration such that increasing NaCl concentration caused a small
      stabilization of the helix while increasing acetate concentration caused the
      helix to become markedly more stable. Between 0.6 and 1.0 M, variation of
      chloride concentration had almost no effect on the thermal stability of the rod
      while increasing acetate concentration increased its stability considerably.
      Above 1.0 M NaCl, the melting profiles became broad with a third transition being
      observed (e.g., at 3.0 M, Tm,3 = 38 degrees C), indicating the existence of a
      region which has a tendency to be destabilized by chloride. The third transition
      was not observed at comparable concentrations of acetate. This effect of chloride
      was not expected on the basis of its position in the Hofmeister series.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027244
TI  - Fluorescence of delta 5,7,9(11),22-ergostatetraen-3 beta-ol in micelles, sterol
      carrier protein complexes, and plasma membranes.
AB  - The fluorescent sterol analogue delta 5,7,9(11),22-ergostatetraen-3 beta-ol
      (dehydroergosterol) was synthesized and purified by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. Dehydroergosterol in aqueous solution had a
      critical micelle concentration of 25 nM and a maximum solubility of 1.3 microM as
      ascertained from fluorescence polarization and light scattering properties,
      respectively. Several lines of evidence indicated a close molecular interaction
      of dehydroergosterol with purified rat liver squalene and sterol carrier protein
      (SCP). SCP increased the maximal solubility of dehydroergosterol in aqueous
      buffer. The fluorescence emission spectrum of dehydroergosterol was blue shifted
      upon addition of SCP. The fluorescence lifetime of dehydroergosterol in aqueous
      buffer was 2.3 ns; addition of SCP resulted in the appearance of a second
      lifetime component near 12.4 ns. The SCP increased the fluorescence polarization
      of monomeric dehydroergosterol in aqueous buffer from 0.033 to 0.086. Scatchard
      analysis of the binding data indicated that dehydroergosterol interacted with
      purified rat liver SCP with an apparent KD = 0.88 microM and Bmax = 4.8 microM.
      At maximal binding, 1.0 mol of dehydroergosterol was specifically bound per mole
      of SCP. The close molecular interaction of dehydroergosterol with SCP was also
      demonstrated by energy-transfer experiments. The intermolecular distance between
      SCP and bound dehydroergosterol was evaluated by fluorescence energy transfer
      from tyrosine residues of SCP to the conjugated triene series of double bonds in
      dehydroergosterol. The transfer efficiency was 36%, and R, the apparent distance
      between the tyrosine energy donor and the dehydroergosterol energy acceptor, was
      19 A. The significance of these data obtained in vitro for dehydroergosterol
      interaction with SCP was also tested in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027245
TI  - Composition and physical properties of lipids from plasma membranes of dog
      kidney.
AB  - Lipid composition, physical state of major phospholipid classes and transbilayer
      migration of phosphatidylcholine have been determined in plasma membranes of the
      dog kidney. The lipid composition of brush-border membranes markedly differs from
      that of antiluminal membranes with respect to: (a) the total phospholipid
      content; (b) the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio (C/P); (c) the distribution of
      the major phospholipid classes. Sphingomyelin present in large amounts in both
      luminal and antiluminal membranes extracts exhibits a transition of phase between
      20 and 44 degrees C approximately. In the range of temperature studied (5-55
      degrees C) no phase transitions were detected for the other phospholipid species.
      Our data suggest that: (1) at physiological temperature the higher C/P ratio of
      brush-border membranes is in large part responsible for their lower fluidity; (2)
      both the relatively low cholesterol and high sphingomyelin contents contribute to
      the thermotropic transitions observed in intact membranes. Finally transbilayer
      migration of phosphatidylcholine in brush-border membranes is a very slow process
      with a half time of 6.5 h at 37 degrees C which compares with that of other
      biological membranes.

PMID- 4027246
TI  - Carrier-mediated choline uptake by Krebs II ascites cells.
AB  - Krebs II ascites cells have a low affinity uptake system for choline (Km = 36
      microM, Vm = 76 nmol/min per 2 X 10(8). Choline entered the cells and was rapidly
      phosphorylated (95% of total intracellular soluble label). Trans acceleration of
      labeled choline from cells preloaded with radiolabeled choline and postincubated
      in the presence of unlabeled choline indicates that choline transport in Krebs II
      ascites cell is carrier mediated. Ethanolamine competed for the choline carrier.
      The uptake was reduced by hemicholinium-3, iodoacetamide and ouabain. The
      mechanism of choline transport in Krebs II ascites cells is in agreement with a
      linear transport model.

PMID- 4027247
TI  - Gangliosides reduce leakage of aqueous-space markers from liposomes in the
      presence of human plasma.
AB  - We have studied the role of glycolipids in reducing leakage of aqueous-space
      markers from liposomes, composed primarily of egg phosphatidylcholine, in the
      presence of human plasma. Liposomes were either small unilamellar (SUV) or large
      unilamellar (LUV). Leakage of liposome contents as affected by the incorporation
      into the liposomal bilayer of mono-, di-, or trisialogangliosides (GM, GD, GT) at
      different molar ratios in the presence or absence of cholesterol was examined.
      Leakage from liposomes decreased with increasing ganglioside sialic acid.
      Asialogangliosides had no effect on calcein leakage in the presence of plasma.
      The stabilizing effect of gangliosides and cholesterol was synergistic, and SUV
      containing 10 mol% GT and 33 mol% cholesterol had a half-life for leakage of
      calcein in plasma at 37 degrees C approaching 24 hours. LUV in the presence of
      plasma retained their contents longer than SUV, and gangliosides had an
      additional stabilizing effect. Phosphatidylserine and sulfatides were also
      capable of substituting for gangliosides in stabilizing liposomes to plasma
      induced leakage. It appears that gangliosides stabilize liposomes in plasma at
      least in part through their ability to impart surface negative charge.

PMID- 4027248
TI  - Effects of N-ethylmaleimide on ouabain-insensitive cation fluxes in human red
      cell ghosts.
AB  - In red cells of several species, the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide
      activates a Cl- -dependent, ouabain-resistant K+ transport pathway. Here we
      report our attempts to demonstrate ouabain-resistant Cl- -dependent K+ fluxes
      stimulated by N-ethylmaleimide in resealed human red cell ghosts using Rb+ as a
      K+ analogue. In contrast to intact cells, the rate constants of the base level
      Rb+ efflux in ghosts were similar in NaNO3 and NaCl (okRb = 0.535 +/- 0.079 h-1
      and 0.534 +/- 0.085 h-1, respectively), while 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide stimulated
      Rb+ efflux strongly in NaNO3 (okRb = 14.26 +/- 1.32 h-1) and moderately in NaCl
      (okRb = 2.73 +/- 0.54 h-1). This effect was dependent on the presence of internal
      ATP. Stimulation of Rb+ efflux was observed in the presence of greater than or
      equal to 0.2 mM N-ethylmaleimide and increased at pH values approaching 8.0,
      consistent with titration of SH groups. N-Ethylmaleimide-stimulated Rb+ efflux
      was approx. 50% inhibited by 100 microM quinine sulfate whereas 1 microM
      bumetanide had no effect. In NaCl the N-ethylmaleimide-stimulated efflux
      saturated with initial internal ghost Rb+ concentration, but rates increased
      linearly in NaNO3. Replacement of external Na+ with glucamine or choline
      decreased the N-ethylmaleimide-stimulated Rb+ efflux, suggesting a role for
      external Na+. N-Ethylmaleimide-stimulated Rb+ efflux was greater in buffers with
      lipophilic anions such as SCN- or NO3- than in solutions with Cl- or acetate.
      However, the cation selectivity of the pathway studied was low, as Li+ efflux was
      also stimulated by N-ethylmaleimide. We conclude that the effect of N
      ethylmaleimide on ouabain-resistant cation effluxes of human red cell ghosts is
      very different from the selective action of N-ethylmaleimide on Rb+ influxes in
      intact red cells.

PMID- 4027249
TI  - Specificity of intestinal brush-border proline transport: cyanine dye studies.
AB  - The ability of rabbit jejunal brush borders to transport inhibitors of the imino
      carrier was investigated in membrane vesicles by measuring their ability to
      depolarize the membrane potential. Membrane potentials were monitored using a
      voltage-sensitive cyanine dye. Piperidine and pyrrolidine carboxylic acids, which
      are potent inhibitors of Na+-dependent proline transport (Ki less than 0.5 mM)
      depolarize the potential in a Na+-dependent, saturable manner indicating
      transport. On the other hand, N-methylated amino acids, which are fair inhibitors
      (Ki 2-10 mM), do not depolarize the membrane to any significant extent, but they
      competitively inhibit the L-proline transport signal. This indicates that these
      analogs are nontransported inhibitors of the imino carrier. The poor inhibitors
      niacin and pipolinic acid (Ki greater than 60 mM) depolarize the membrane about
      twice as much as proline and with low Kf values. This suggests separate carriers
      for these substrates.

PMID- 4027250
TI  - Heme-apoprotein interaction in the modified oxyhemoglobin-bis(N
      maleimidomethyl)ether and in oxyhemoglobin at high Cl-concentration detected by
      resonance Raman scattering.
AB  - The dispersion of the depolarization ratio of oxidation and spin-marker lines of
      oxyhemoglobin-bis(N-maleimidomethyl)ether and oxyhemoglobin at high Cl-
      concentration (1 M) have been examined for different pH values in the neutral and
      alkaline regions. The oxidation marker line at 1375 cm-1 shows no pH-dependence
      in the physiological region for oxyHb-bis(N-maleimidomethyl)ether and a
      comparatively small variation for oxyHb at a Cl- concentration higher than 0.4 M.
      The spin-marker line at 1638 cm-1 exhibits a strong pH-dependence of
      depolarization ratio for high Cl- concentration, but a minor pH-induced variation
      for oxyHb-bis(N-maleimidomethyl)ether. Interpretation of these data yield the
      following conclusions: (1) The oxidation marker line monitors symmetry-lowering
      distortions of the heme group introduced by central coupling to the protein via
      the Fe-N bond, whereas the spin-marker line monitors peripheral coupling due to
      heme-protein interaction in the heme pocket. (2) At low Cl- concentrations (below
      0.3 M) both types of coupling are present. These are induced by the salt bridge
      between His 146 beta and Asp94 beta and flexibility of the FG corner. (3) At high
      Cl- concentrations the salt bridge is missing, eliminating central coupling. (4)
      In oxyhemoglobin-bis(N-maleimidomethyl)ether, due to constraint of the bis(N
      maleimidomethyl)ether bridging the FG corner and eliminating its flexibility and
      the missing salt bridge, both central and peripheral coupling are drastically
      reduced.

PMID- 4027251
TI  - Characterization of the actin-binding site on the alkali light chain of myosin.
AB  - 1H-NMR experiments on myosin subfragment-1 (S1) isoenzymes, containing either the
      A1 or the A2 alkali light chains (S1(A1) or S1(A2)), have previously suggested
      the 41-residue proline, alanine and lysine-rich N-terminal extension of A1 to
      constitute a mobile 'domain' in solution. This segment of the molecule is
      immobilised in the presence of actin (Prince et al. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 121,
      213-219). We now establish that the A1 light chain interacts with actin directly,
      and furthermore, that the binding site appears to be restricted to the terminal
      41 residues. This observation carries important consequences for both the
      structure of the actomyosin complex and the role of myosin isoenzymes. Using the
      proteinase, thrombin, a technique has been developed in which the A1 light chain
      is cleaved, releasing the N-terminal 'tail' from an A2-like fragment. The method
      is shown to be widely applicable to light chains from a variety of sources. The
      isolated N-terminal fragments from rabbit skeletal and bovine cardiac muscle have
      been shown to interact directly with actin by a combination of affinity
      chromatography and 1H-NMR experiments. The 1H-NMR results are similar to those
      obtained earlier with S1 (ibid) and suggest the terminal alpha-N-trimethylalanine
      residue (Henry et al. (1982) FEBS Lett. 144, 11-15) to participate in the
      interaction.

PMID- 4027252
TI  - Effects of cation binding on the thermal transitions in calmodulin.
AB  - The thermal transitions in different forms of bovine brain calmodulin (0, 1, 2, 3
      and 4 bound Ca2+ ions per molecule) have been studied by means of
      microcalorimetry, intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence, circular dichroism and
      infrared spectroscopy. The heating of the apoprotein from 5 to 110 degrees C
      induces at least three unfolding transitions. The heating of Ca2+-loaded
      calmodulin causes at least two structural transitions, one of which occurs at
      relatively low temperatures, from approx. 30 to approx 50 degrees C. The binding
      of the biologically significant Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ ions has been measured at
      12, 20, 28, 37 and 50 degrees C by means of the fluorescence method. The values
      of the binding parameters for these cations do not depend on temperature within
      the range 12 to 50 degrees C. It has been proposed that the temperature
      independence of the metal-ion-binding properties of calmodulin is achieved due to
      the temperature-induced structural changes, which adjust the protein conformation
      in such a way that the protein-binding parameters remain constant.

PMID- 4027253
TI  - Reactivities of thiols in myosin rod: effect of magnesium and ionic strength.
AB  - There are six cysteines in each chain of myosin rod of rabbit skeletal muscle:
      three are in the S-2 portion, at residues 66, 108 and 410 (Lu, R.C. and Lehrer,
      S. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 5975-5981). The other three are in the light
      meromyosin portion, assigned at residues 572, 600 and 770 on the basis of
      homology between the amino acid sequence in the vicinity of these thiols and that
      of the rod of nematode myosin (McLachlan, A.D. and Karn, J. (1982) Nature 299,
      226-231). Since the thiols are distributed in different regions of the rod,
      measuring their reactivities under various conditions may provide information on
      the conformations of these regions. Myosin rod was carboxymethylated with
      radioactive iodoacetic acid under various conditions. The cysteine-containing
      peptides were isolated using HPLC from the tryptic digests, and the radioactivity
      incorporated into each thiol was measured. In the denatured state all six thiols
      were equally reactive. In the native state, all thiols have low reactivity, the
      reactivity of Cys-108 or -410 is only 0.1% of that in the denatured state, Cys
      600 exhibited the highest reactivity, about 20-times that of Cys-410; Cys-66, 
      572 and -770 had 2-4-times that of Cys-410. When the rods formed filaments, the
      reactivities of all cysteines further decreased: Cys-66, -108 and -770 were
      reduced to 50%, while Cys-410, -572 and -600, located in the middle of the rod,
      were reduced to 20-30% of their reactivities in the monomeric form. In the
      presence of Mg2+ the reactivity of Cys-108 increased by 20%, whereas Cys-572
      decreased by 50%. The results are consistent with the view that metal ions affect
      the conformation of the rod. This may play a role in the mechanism of filament
      formation and the movement of crossbridges.

PMID- 4027254
TI  - The molecular abnormality of albumin Parklands: 365 Asp----His.
AB  - An electrophoretically slow albumin variant was isolated from the plasma of a
      patient with bisalbuminemia. Reverse-phase peptide mapping revealed a single
      altered peak when tryptic digests of the normal and variant albumin were
      compared. After rechromatography and amino acid analysis, a sequence/composition
      of Cys-Cys-Ala-Ala-Ala-His-Pro,His,Glu,Cys,Tyr,Ala,Lys was obtained for the
      mutant peptide, while a sequence of Cys-Cys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Asp-Pro-His-Glu-Cys
      Tyr,Ala,Lys was obtained for the normal peptide. This establishes the mutation as
      365 Asp----His and the new albumin has been named albumin Parklands.
      Interestingly, this mutation results in the loss of the single Asp-Pro bond that
      is normally present between residues 365 and 366. Predictably, this confers on
      albumin Parklands a greater resistance to partial acid hydrolysis, a feature
      which, when employed together with SDS-gel electrophoresis, can be used as a
      diagnostic test for the presence of this variant.

PMID- 4027255
TI  - Stereospecific reactivation of human brain and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase
      inhibited by 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman).
AB  - Human erythrocyte and brain acetylcholinesterase are preferentially inhibited by
      the P(-)-isomers of C(+/-)P(+/-)-soman. The enzymes inhibited by the P(-)-isomers
      behave similarly with respect to oxime-induced reactivation and aging. HI-6 is
      the best reactivator for C(+)P(-)-soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterases. Oxime
      induced reactivation of the C(-)P(-)-soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterases is
      much more difficult to achieve.

PMID- 4027256
TI  - A density gradient study of the lipoprotein and apolipoprotein distribution in
      the chicken, Gallus domesticus.
AB  - Plasma lipoproteins from 5-week old male chickens were separated over the density
      range 1.006-1.172 g/ml into 22 subfractions by isopycnic density gradient
      ultracentrifugation, in order to establish the distribution of these particles
      and their constituent apolipoproteins as a function of density. Lipoprotein
      subfractions were characterized by electrophorectic, chemical and morphological
      analyses, and their protein moieties were defined according to net charge at
      alkaline pH, molecular weight and isoelectric point. These analyses have
      permitted us to reevaluate the density limits of the major chicken lipoprotein
      classes and to determine their main characteristics, which are as follows: (1)
      very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), isolated at d less than 1.016 g/ml, were
      present at low concentrations (less than 0.1 mg/ml) in fasted birds; their mean
      diameter determined by gradient gel electrophoresis and by electron microscopy
      was 20.5 and 31.4 nm respectively; (2) as the the density increased from VLDL to
      intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL), d 1.016-l.020 g/ml) and low-density
      lipoproteins (LDL, d 1.020-1.046 g/ml), the lipoprotein particles contained
      progressively less triacylglycerol and more protein, and their Stokes diameter
      decreased to 20.0 nm; (3) apolipoprotein B-100 was the major apolipoprotein in
      lipoproteins of d less than 1.046 g/ml, with an Mr of 350000; small amounts of
      apolipoprotein B-100 were detectable in HDL subfractions of d less than 1.076
      g/ml; urea-soluble apolipoproteins were present in this density range as minor
      components of Mr 38000-39000, 27000-28000 (corresponding to apolipoprotein A-1)
      and Mr 11000-12000; (4) high density lipoprotein (HDL, d 1.052-1.130 g/ml) was
      isolated as a single band, whose protein content increased progressively with
      increase in density; the chemical composition of HDL resembled that of human
      HDL2, with apolipoprotein A-1 (M 27000-28000) as the major protein component, and
      a protein of Mr 11000-12000 as a minor component; (5) heterogeneity was observed
      in the particle size and apolipoprotein distribution of HDL subfractions: two
      lipoprotein bands which additional apolipoproteins of Mr 13000 and 15000 were
      detected. These studies illustrate the inadequacy in the chicken of the density
      limits applied to fractionate the lipoprotein spectrum, and particularly the
      inappropriateness of the 1.063 g/ml density limit as the cutoff for LDL and HDL
      particle populations in the species.

PMID- 4027257
TI  - Reciprocal effects of energy utilization on palmitate oxidation and
      esterification in hepatocytes of fed rats.
AB  - The effects of the energy-dependent process of urea synthesis from NH4Cl on the
      partition of [1-14C]palmitate between oxidation and esterification were examined
      in hepatocytes of fed rats. A high rate of urea formation from NH4Cl resulted in
      stimulation of total palmitate oxidation by 25 and 15% at 0.2 and 1 mM fatty
      acid, respectively. The stimulation of palmitate oxidation was reciprocally
      correlated with diminished palmitate incorporation into lipids, mainly
      triacylglycerols. This relationship was almost stoichiometric. NH4Cl increased
      the palmitate oxidation/esterification ratio from 0.72 to 1.13 and from 0.94 to
      1.36 in the presence of 0.2 mM and 1 mM palmitate, respectively. The transaminase
      inhibitor, aminooxyacetate, strongly inhibited urea synthesis from NH4Cl, had
      little effect on the low beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio in the presence
      of NH4Cl, completely reversed the changes in palmitate metabolism caused by NH4Cl
      and did not affect palmitate metabolism in the absence of NH4Cl. Therefore, the
      increased utilization of energy for urea synthesis was the causative factor by
      which NH4Cl stimulated total palmitate oxidation and led in consequence to its
      decreased esterification into lipids. Accordingly, these observations indicate
      that in liver cells the rate of ATP utilization is one of the determinants of
      triacylglycerol synthesis.

PMID- 4027258
TI  - Sex-specific difference of the galabiosylceramide level in the glycosphingolipids
      of human thyroid.
AB  - The glycosphingolipids of human thyroid were isolated and characterized by gas
      liquid chromatography and sequential enzymic hydrolysis. The major purified
      components were identified as glucosyl- and galactosyl-ceramides, lactosyl- and
      galabiosylceramides, globotriaosyl- and globotetraosylceramides. The long-chain
      base analyses showed a high proportion of phytosphingosine in glycosylceramide
      and galabiosylceramide. Fatty acids in 22:0, 24:0, 24:1 prevailed, especially in
      the cerebroside fraction, with a significant content of alpha-hydroxylated
      species in galactosylceramide. Female thyroid had a very low content of
      galabiosylceramide and a higher content of glucosylceramide, as compared to male.
      No significant difference was found in the other neutral glycosphingolipids and
      gangliosides.

PMID- 4027259
TI  - The specificity of triacylglycerol synthesis for medium-chain fatty acids in rat
      and human adipose preparations.
AB  - The availability of medium-chain fatty acids as substrates for triacylglycerol
      synthesis was studied in cultured and suspended rat adipocytes and in pieces of
      human adipose tissue. Octanoate was virtually excluded from glycerol 3-phosphate
      esterification while serving as a substrate for diacylglycerol esterification.
      This specificity was similar to that of cultured rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 4027260
TI  - Secretion of human gastric lipase from dispersed gastric glands.
AB  - The presence of a triacylglycerol lipase in human gastric juice was described in
      previous studies. Its source and role in intragastric lipolysis was, however,
      uncertain. Our study presents definitive evidence for gastric origin of a lipase
      and its release by secretagogues. Both carbachol and cholecystokinin-8 stimulate
      release of this enzyme for dispersed human gastric glands. While the two
      secretagogues had similar efficacies, with nearly a 3-fold stimulation over basal
      rates, cholecystokinin-8 was about four orders of magnitude more potent in
      releasing lipolytic activity than carbachol (maximum stimulation at
      concentrations of 1 X 10(-9) and 1 X 10(-5) M, respectively). Lipolytic activity
      measured against triolein (18:1), tricaprylin (8:0) and tributyrin (4:0)
      emulsions was 1.18 +/- 0.12, 4.48 +/- 0.64, and 12.17 +/- 0.88 units (1 unit = 1
      mumol free fatty acid released/min per mg protein), respectively.
      Characterization of the pH optimum for each substrate showed maximum lipolysis at
      4.5 for tributyrin, and at 5.5 for tricaprylin and triolein. These results
      indicate that a lipase which hydrolyzes long-, medium- and short-chain
      triacylglycerols is secreted by human gastric mucosa. At pH 6.0, the pH of the
      duodenum, there is appreciable lipolytic activity in the presence of bile salts.
      This suggests that gastric lipase, in addition to initiating lipolysis in the
      stomach, might also aid in the digestion of lipids in the duodenum. It remains to
      be determined whether gastric lipase is distinct from lingual lipase, or is the
      same enzyme secreted by the lingual serous glands and the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 4027261
TI  - The phospholipid-N-methyltransferase of rat brain microsomes.
AB  - The phospholipid-N-methyltransferase activity of rat brain microsomes had an
      optimum pH of 11.0 in the absence or presence of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)
      but pH 10.0 in the presence of phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) or
      phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine (PDME). An apparent Km for S-adenosyl methonine
      from 0.10 to 0.12 mM was observed with exogenous methylated phospholipids PMME or
      PDME. Methylated neutral lipid was the major lipid produced in the absence of the
      exogenous acceptors. Two exogenous phospholipids, PMME and PDME, significantly
      stimulated microsomal phospholipid-N-methyltransferase activity and the predicted
      methylated phospholipids were the major products. PE additions did not cause any
      stimulation of methylated lipid formation. Preincubation of particles at
      temperatures from 40 to 100 degrees C resulted in a loss in the microsomal
      phospholipid-N-methyltransferase activity that was stimulated by PMME and PDME.

PMID- 4027262
TI  - An endogenous activator protein in human placenta for enzymatic degradation of
      glucosylceramide.
AB  - An endogenous, heat-stable and pronase-sensitive activator for enzymatic
      hydrolysis of glucosylceramide was detected in the crude lysosome-mitochondria
      fraction of human placenta. Its properties differ distinctly in several important
      respects from those of the previously described glucosylceramidase activator. The
      activator reported here had no effect on crude glucosylceramidase with either
      glucosylceramide or 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as the substrate
      in the presence of either sodium taurocholate or phosphatidylserine. On the
      contrary, glucosylceramide hydrolysis by the enzyme partially purified through
      Octyl-Sepharose 4B chromatography was stimulated by this activator 6-9-fold in
      the presence of either sodium taurocholate or phosphatidylserine. The Km for
      glucosylceramide in the presence of the activator was 1/3 of that without the
      activator. In the crude enzyme fraction, the activator was present in a 16-fold
      excess over the minimum amount necessary for full activation of the enzyme.
      Hydrolysis of the fluorogenic substrate by the post-Octyl-Sepharose enzyme,
      however, was not stimulated by the activator. Similarly, hydrolysis of
      galactosylceramide by galactosylceramidase obtained from the same Octyl-Sepharose
      chromatography was not stimulated. Our observations are consistent with the idea
      that glucosylceramidase is saturated by, or perhaps tightly associated with, this
      activator in the placenta and that they are dissociated by the Octyl-Sepharose
      chromatography. In fact, the properties of the combined post-Octyl-Sepharose
      enzyme and activator closely mimic those of the crude enzyme without added
      activator.

PMID- 4027263
TI  - Characterisation of rat hepatocyte monolayers for investigation of the metabolism
      of bile salts.
AB  - Rat hepatocyte monolayers were maintained for periods up to 24 h during which
      time their viability was greater than 85%. Using specific radioimmunoassays, the
      hepatocyte monolayers were shown to synthesise conjugated cholic,
      chenodeoxycholic and beta-muricholic acids. Feeding the bile salt sequestrant,
      cholestyramine, to donor animals increased synthesis of the major bile salt
      conjugates by the cells. Incubation of hepatocyte monolayers with bovine serum
      albumin decreased total synthesis of the three bile acids measured, but increased
      the amount of conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid detected. In order to test whether
      the effect of bovine serum albumin on bile salt synthesis was due to binding of
      bile salts, hepatocyte monolayers were incubated with antiserum to conjugated
      chenodeoxycholic acid. This treatment increased conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid
      production but had no effect on the other bile salt conjugates. It is concluded
      that the increase in conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis seen with bovine
      serum albumin and antiserum to conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid is caused by
      binding of the bile salt in the medium.

PMID- 4027264
TI  - In vivo distribution and turnover of trans- and cis-10-octadecenoic acid isomers
      in human plasma lipids.
AB  - Triacylglycerols containing deuterium-labeled trans-10- and cis-10-octadecenoic
      acid (10t-18:1, 10c-18:1) plus the triacylglycerol of deuterated cis-9
      octadecenoic acid (9c-18:1) were fed as a mixture to two young, adult male
      subjects. Analysis by mass spectroscopy of the labeled fats in blood samples
      collected periodically for 48 h allowed the uptake, distribution and turnover of
      both 10-octadecenoic acid isomers to be directly compared to 9c-18:1. A feature
      of this study is that actual weight data for the labeled fats were obtained.
      These data allowed plasma triacylglycerol turnover rates of 3.47-5.13 mg/min per
      kg to be estimated. Plasma and chylomicron triacylglycerol data also provided
      evidence that absorption of the deuterated fats mobilized 10-12 g of a
      triacylglycerol pool present in the intestinal cells. Other results are
      summarized as follows: the 10t-, 10c- and 9c-18:1 fatty acids were equally well
      absorbed, both delta 10-18:1 isomers were oxidized more rapidly than 9c-18:1,
      conversion of the delta 10-18:1 isomers into their corresponding 16:1 isomers was
      about 3-times faster than for 9c-18:1, the delta 10-18:1 isomers were
      preferentially incorporated at the 1-acyl and excluded from the 2-acyl position
      of phosphatidylcholine, esterification of cholesterol with the delta 10-18:1
      fatty acids was 2.5-4.3-times slower than for 9c-18:1 and desaturation and
      elongation rates for the delta 10-18:1 acids were very low.

PMID- 4027265
TI  - The ionization behaviour of DL-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in model membranes:
      micelles and vesicles.
AB  - The ionization behaviour of DL-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) has been investigated
      in dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride
      (CTAC) and dodecyldimethyl propiobetaine (DPB) micelles and
      didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
      (DMPC) vesicles. The pKa values for DL-alpha-tocopherol in the aqueous self
      assembled solutions of DTAB, CTAC, DPB, DDAB and DMPC were 12.0 +/- 0.1, 11.7 +/-
      0.1, 13.1 +/- 0.1, 11.0 +/- 0.2 and greater than 14.5, respectively. It is shown
      how these pKa results confirm that DL-alpha-tocopherol exists predominantly in
      the un-ionized form when localized in any type of micelle or vesicle at
      physiological pH values.

PMID- 4027266
TI  - Contribution of different enzymes to flavoprotein fluorescence of isolated rat
      liver mitochondria.
AB  - The fluorescence signal of flavoproteins of rat liver mitochondria was
      investigated to determine the respective contributions of the various
      flavoenzymes. About 50% of the overall signal were found to be NAD-linked and
      caused by alpha-lipoamide dehydrogenase flavin (Em7.4 = -283 mV). Roughly 25%
      were due to a flavoprotein reducible in a non-NAD-linked reaction. This
      fluorescent flavoenzyme (Em7.4 = -52 mV) has been tentatively identified as a
      flavoprotein of the fatty-acid-oxidizing system, most probably the electron
      transfer flavoprotein. The remaining 25% of the signal are accounted for by
      flavoenzymes which are reducible by dithionite only. These flavoenzymes were not
      involved in the flavoprotein fluorescence alterations accompanying changes in
      electron flow through the respiratory chain. Contributions of other mitochondrial
      flavoproteins such as succinate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, alpha
      glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, proline dehydrogenase, and choline oxidase, to
      the overall flavin fluorescence signal of isolated rat liver mitochondria can be
      neglected.

PMID- 4027267
TI  - Spatial aspects of mannosyl phosphoryl retinol formation.
AB  - Rat liver microsomes catalyze the transfer of mannose from GDPmannose to both
      retinyl phosphate and dolichyl phosphate to form mannosylphosphorylretinol,
      mannosylphosphoryldolichol and GDP. The two reactions differ in term of
      reversibility. In fact, a 200-fold isotopic dilution of GDP[14C]mannose by
      unlabeled GDPmannose causes mannosylphosphoryldolichol labeling to disappear
      almost completely, while mannosylphosphorylretinol labeling remains at the same
      level. The same observation can be made if the mannose donor is removed by
      centrifugation and replaced by excess GDP; again mannosylphosphorylretinol is
      stable, but mannosylphosphoryldolichol drops down to one-third of its initial
      level, as expected for, respectively, a non-reversible and a reversible reaction.
      Placed in an aqueous medium, mannosylphosphorylretinol releases mannose 1
      phosphate (beta configuration) whereas it is quite stable when kept in a
      membranous environment. These results strongly suggest that
      mannosylphosphorylretinol as soon as it is formed is segregated in such a way
      that it is no longer available to the back-reaction; the functional consequence
      of this segregation would be the possibility for mannosylphosphorylretinol to
      mannosylate some non-polar regions of certain protein chains.

PMID- 4027268
TI  - Amidation of, and (R)-1-amino-2-propanol attachment to, the corrin ring during
      vitamin B-12 biosynthesis by Clostridium tetanomorphum extracts.
AB  - Two intermediate stages in cobalamin biosynthesis, amidation of carboxylic acid
      groups in the corrin ring and (R)-1-amino-2-propanol attachment at propionic acid
      position f, have been studied using cell-free extracts from the obligate anaerobe
      Clostridium tetanomorphum. The preparation of an incomplete corrinoid, probably
      cobinic acid-a,c,d,e,g-pentaamide, as an in vitro amidation substrate was
      accomplished via mild acid hydrolysis of cobinamide. Weak, but reproducible
      activities for both amidation and (R)-1-amino-2-propanol attachment were found in
      crude, nucleic acid-free and DE-52 column-purified protein fractions. The
      amidation reaction was glutamine-dependent in crude fractions, but became
      ammonium ion-dependent in more purified fractions. Significant problems
      encountered were (a) the weak and unstable character of both enzyme activities,
      and (b) the irreversible changes in the visible spectra of the incomplete
      corrinoids employed as substrates caused by use of thiol-reducing agents in the
      buffers and assays.

PMID- 4027269
TI  - [Effect of phosphemide in combination with dexamethasone on DNA structure in
      sarcoma 45].
AB  - It is shown that under the influence of phosphemide in combination with
      dexamethasone some characteristics of tumour DNA (content of 5 methyl cytosine,
      temperature, interval and enthalpy of melting) approximate the corresponding
      characteristics of DNA of healthy animals' liver better than under the influence
      of phosphemide only.

PMID- 4027270
TI  - [Block improvement of the genetic text as a factor of acceleration of biological
      evolution].
AB  - It is shown that the time required for selecting most perfect sequences can be
      decreased by several orders at the expense of block-hierarchic principle of
      biological objects structure.

PMID- 4027271
TI  - [A model of cooperative rearrangements of biological membranes without changes in
      the affinity of receptor binding centers].
AB  - A mathematical model is proposed for cooperative rearrangements induced by
      specific ligand in certain biomembrane domains. They are considered as the N
      valent receptors undergoing rearrangement when n less than or equal to N ligand
      binding receptor sites are occupied. The model predicts distinct sigmoidal
      dependence for change of some structural parameter on ligand concentration when
      the receptor site-ligand affinity remains constant as binding rises (positive
      cooperativity is absent).

PMID- 4027272
TI  - [Equilibrium characteristics of calcium binding on the inner surface of membrane
      vesicles].
AB  - A method is proposed for determining equilibrium parameters of calcium binding on
      the inner surface of membrane vesicules. Based on the studies of concentration
      relationship of calcium content in vesicules of myometrium sarcolemma (at the
      equilibrium state) there were determined the values of maximal capacity of Ca2+
      binding (12.79 nmole/mg of protein) and the dissociation constants of Ca2+
      binding centre complex (62.3 mkM) on the inner surface of the vesicules, and the
      value of intravesicular volume as well (25.7 mkl/mg of protein).

PMID- 4027273
TI  - [Effect of cholesterol on the stability of human erythrocyte membranes to
      electric breakdown].
AB  - Electrical stability of human erythrocyte membranes with different cholesterol
      content was studied. Breakdown in the cell membranes was generated by application
      of electric pulses with field strengths of 1.4-3.2 kV/cm. The share of perforated
      cells was registered by measuring hemolysis level. The red blood cells from
      patients with psoriasis and normal erythrocytes after incubation in the presence
      of liposomes were used as a model of cells with cholesterol-rich membranes. It
      was discovered that an increase of cholesterol content in the membranes moved the
      field-dependent curves to a higher field range. The obtained effect is attributed
      to the increase of the breakdown membrane potential. Application of high-pulse
      electric-field technique for investigating the properties of cell membranes is
      discussed.

PMID- 4027274
TI  - [Changes in the intensity of the fluorescence of potential-sensitive fluorescent
      probes in the active transport of Ca2+ in the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum].
AB  - The dependence of fluorescence intensity changes of potential-sensitive
      fluorescent probes 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thyodicarbocianine and 1-anilino-8
      naphtalenesulphonae on the ATP concentration during Ca2+ transport in fragmented
      SR of the rabbit skeletal muscle has been studied. An increase in the
      accumulation of Ca2+ in the SR vesicles caused by ATP is accompanied by an
      increase in the fluorescence intensity of the potential-sensitive probes. These
      fluorescence changes are related neither to ATP or Ca2+ effect but are coupled
      with cation accumulation inside the vesicles since they are not observed in the
      presence of either EGTA or triton X-100 or in the absence of Mg2+. The results
      obtained prove the membrane potential generation in SR in the course of ATP
      dependent Ca2+ transport.

PMID- 4027275
TI  - [Ambiguity of the solution of the inverse problem of electroencephalography].
AB  - It has been shown for homogeneous conducting medium that if different stationary
      distributions of current sources form identical potential fields on the plane
      boundary, the difference between these two distributions is the distribution of
      current sources with all multiple moments equaling zero. Examples of current
      source distributions are presented which satisfy this condition.

PMID- 4027276
TI  - [Unequivocal solution of the one-dimensional inverse problem of
      electroencephalography for point sources].
AB  - A point sources system placed in a homogeneous volume conductor with a plane
      boundary is proved to be uniquely determined by its surface potential field. For
      the nonlocal sources the inverse problem solution is nonunique.

PMID- 4027277
TI  - [Formal model of the generation of alpha-rhythm of human electroencephalograms
      based on principles of statistical dynamics].
AB  - Controlling algorithm of different alpha-rhythm generating models in respect to
      the real mechanism of specific EEG is described. The algorithm is based on known
      statistical dynamics regulations and specifically upon Gaussian correlation
      theory of narrow band noise, its envelope and phase.

PMID- 4027278
TI  - System analysis and nucleic acid sequence banks.
AB  - The mass of published nucleic acid sequence data has required the design of
      several computerized data bases. We show that this activity is related to the
      methodology of System Analysis and that data bases are a means of modeling
      biological knowledge. As an example, the ACNUC data base we have created is
      presented.

PMID- 4027279
TI  - Theory of degenerate coding and informational parameters of protein coding genes.
AB  - The theory of degenerate coding is presented in a way enabling further
      application to molecular biology. There are two kinds of redundancy of a
      degenerate code. The first is due to the excess in codon length and the second to
      the code degeneracy. If the code is asymmetrically degenerate, the second kind of
      redundancy can be profitable for control of error rate. This control can be
      performed just by selective synonymous codon usage. Utilisation of the genetic
      code is partially influenced by this theoretical possibility. In particular the
      degree of error protectivity is well correlated with deviation from
      equiprobability in synonymous codon usage. The biological significance of this
      fact is discussed.

PMID- 4027280
TI  - "Neural" computation of decisions in optimization problems.
AB  - Highly-interconnected networks of nonlinear analog neurons are shown to be
      extremely effective in computing. The networks can rapidly provide a collectively
      computed solution (a digital output) to a problem on the basis of analog input
      information. The problems to be solved must be formulated in terms of desired
      optima, often subject to constraints. The general principles involved in
      constructing networks to solve specific problems are discussed. Results of
      computer simulations of a network designed to solve a difficult but well-defined
      optimization problem--the Traveling-Salesman Problem--are presented and used to
      illustrate the computational power of the networks. Good solutions to this
      problem are collectively computed within an elapsed time of only a few neural
      time constants. The effectiveness of the computation involves both the nonlinear
      analog response of the neurons and the large connectivity among them. Dedicated
      networks of biological or microelectronic neurons could provide the computational
      capabilities described for a wide class of problems having combinatorial
      complexity. The power and speed naturally displayed by such collective networks
      may contribute to the effectiveness of biological information processing.

PMID- 4027281
TI  - Control properties of perceptual transient and sustained mechanisms.
AB  - A second order control formulation describing the temporal responses of sustained
      and transient preceptual processes is investigated. Parametric configurations for
      the resulting transfer functions are determined from existing experimental data.
      These data include experiments on impulse response, flicker frequency,
      subthreshold summation, and masking.

PMID- 4027282
TI  - Studies of some new phenomena of motion perception.
AB  - Contrast modulation of a set of features in a Glass pattern invokes, under
      certain circumstances, the perception of motion in the absence of any physical
      displacements. The illusion is spatially limited to within about 10' and is
      governed by contrast relationships. We find that the detected motion in these
      situations is due to local computations the results of which can be integrated
      over retinal areas of more than 1 degree. The possible motion detection
      mechanisms are discussed within the framework of the Reichardt/Hassenstein and
      Marr/Ullman type of motion detectors.

PMID- 4027283
TI  - [Inhibition of various stages of DNA replication in sea urchin embryos].
AB  - The embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius possess the ability
      to incorporate into their DNAs 2'-deoxynucleosides together with all their bases,
      i.e., adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. This incorporation is inhibited by
      3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides with the same bases. 5'-Amino-5'
      deoxynucleosides and 5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxynucleosides moderately inhibit the
      incorporation of [3H]2'-deoxynucleosides into the DNAs by competing with the
      latter, presumably at the phosphorylation stage. The most potent inhibiting
      effect is exerted by 2'-amino-2'-deoxynucleosides and 2'-asido-2'
      deoxynucleosides; the mechanism of this inhibition is still obscure, however.

PMID- 4027284
TI  - [The role of free calmodulin in the regulation of calcium-pump activity in
      erythrocytes].
AB  - The activity of Ca-pump in inside-out oriented vesicles obtained from erythrocyte
      membranes after their 30 min treatment with EGTA at 20 degrees C (membranes A)
      and 37 degrees C (membranes B) was investigated. It was shown that in membranes A
      placed into an incubation medium containing 0.1 mM EGTA (pH 7.4) the overall
      effect of exogenous calmodulin is due to the increase in the maximal activity of
      the enzyme, its affinity for Ca2+ being unaffected thereby. In membranes B placed
      into the same medium (pH 6.75) the activation of the Ca-pump by calmodulin is due
      to the increased affinity for Ca2+ at a constant maximal activity of the enzyme.
      The dependencies of the value of the calmodulin-stimulated component of membranes
      A and the Ca2+-binding capacity of calmodulin measured by the intensity of N
      phenyl-1-naphthylamine fluorescence on the concentration of free Ca2+ are
      coincident. In the case of membranes B, the stimulation of Ca-pump by calmodulin
      occurs at much lower Ca2+ concentrations than the Ca2+ binding-induced
      conformational shifts in calmodulin. The experimental results suggest that the
      affinity of the Ca-pump for Ca2+ may affect calmodulin existing in a Ca2+
      independent state. The hydrophobic interactions between the Ca-calmodulin complex
      and the Ca-ATPase molecule are apparently essential for the regulation of the
      maximal enzyme activity.

PMID- 4027285
TI  - [Fractionation of fragments of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum according
      to their sensitivity to caffeine].
AB  - Sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments were fractionated according to the ability of
      caffeine to selectively block Ca2+ uptake in the population of caffeine-sensitive
      membranes. The membrane suspension was loaded with calcium in the presence of
      oxalate, Mg-ATP and caffeine, after which the Ca2+-loaded caffeine-sensitive
      fragments were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. In Ca2+
      unloaded fragments of the supernatant, the sensitivity to caffeine estimated by
      its ability to diminish the rate of Ca2+ uptake, Ca/ATP ratio and Ca-oxalate
      capacity amounted to 91-93%. The terms of protein composition, the caffeine
      sensitive fragments were identified with terminal cystern membranes, while the
      caffeine-insensitive ones with the SR canalicular membranes. The sensitivity to
      caffeine may serve as a reliable criterion for estimating the relative content of
      terminal cystern fragments in different microsomal preparations.

PMID- 4027286
TI  - [Purification and various properties of asialoglycoprotein receptors from the
      mouse liver].
AB  - The receptor for asialoglycoproteins was isolated from murine liver and was
      purified by means of biospecific chromatography on sepharose-Asialo-orosomucoid.
      The obtained receptor with an absorption maximum at 277 nm binds to the
      nonreducing terminal galactosyl residues of glycoproteins similar to the
      receptors from liver of other mammalians. The interaction between this receptor
      and desialylated glycoproteins requires the presence of calcium. The dependence
      of specific binding on the concentration of [125I]acialo-orosomucoid used as a
      ligand gives a saturating curve. The dissociation constant for the receptor
      ligand complex is 0.4 X 10(-9) M. Similar to asialo-orosomucoid, the receptor
      binds the p-aminophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside derivatives of bovine serum
      albumin, ovalbumin and acid alpha-glucosidase synthesized by us earlier. Possible
      use of the asialoglycoprotein receptor as a highly specific carrier transporting
      the modified acid alpha-glucosidase to hepatocyte lysosomes is discussed.

PMID- 4027288
TI  - [Radioprotective action of catecholamines on a Chinese hamster fibroblast
      culture].
AB  - The radioprotective ability of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoproterenol in
      various concentrations has been studied in experiments on cultured Chinese
      hamster fibroblasts in vitro. Radioprotective effect of isoproterenol is
      pronounced at 10(-8)M concentration; adrenaline and especially noradrenaline are
      effective at higher concentrations. The antagonist of beta-adrenergic receptors
      propranolol blocks the radioprotective effect of catecholamines on cells. The
      beta-adrenergic mechanism of catecholamines radioprotective action on the mammals
      cells is under discussion.

PMID- 4027287
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in the myocardium in experimental infarct].
AB  - Changes in the content of lipid peroxidation (LP) products and activities of
      antioxidant enzymes--superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in
      myocardium of rats after experimental infarction as well as after pretreatment
      with antioxidant ionol, beta-adrenoblocker inderal and verapamil, an inhibitor of
      slow Ca2+-channels have been studied. In the left ventricles of the control
      animals decreased levels of LP-products (Schiff bases and lipid hydroperoxides)
      have been registered as compared with right ventricles, accompanied by increased
      activity of antioxidant enzymes in the left ventricles. In experimental
      infarction the level of LP products increases and activity of antioxidant enzymes
      decreases both in ischemic and nonischemic regions of the heart. In nonischemic
      zone these changes can be prevented by pretreatment with inderal and ionol but
      not with verapamil.

PMID- 4027289
TI  - [Action of actinomycin D on the nucleolar function and ultrastructure of a pig
      embryo kidney cell culture].
AB  - It has been shown that the morphofunctional alterations of nucleoli in KEPV cells
      induced by actinomycin D at 0,05 microgram/ml proceed in two steps. During the
      first 3 h of actinomycin D action a level of the RNA synthesis in nucleoli falls
      to 25% from the initial one. Simultaneously the following morphological
      alterations take place: condensation of the chromatin, infiltration of nucleoli,
      displacement to outlining regions, increase of the dimensions and reduction of
      number of fibrillar centres, gradual disappearance of compact fibrillar zone and
      appearance looplike granular structures. During the following 3-6 h of antibiotic
      action the RNA synthesis falls slightly, nucleoli dimensions decrease, fibrillar
      micronucleoli appear.

PMID- 4027290
TI  - [A device for discrete information input into the Elektronika DZ-28
      microcomputer].
AB  - A simple matching device destined for the connection of electrophysiological
      plant with micro-computer "Electronics DZ-28" has been described. The device
      permits to carry out straight input of information concerning neurones impulsive
      activity.

PMID- 4027292
TI  - [Construction of a typology for distribution of body mass by body segments in men
      using the main component method].
AB  - The method of morphotype construction based on the principle components is
      described. The morphotype system has been constructed for the main circumferences
      of a man's body including the size index of diametrical dimensions and the
      character of trunk-limbs distribution of the body mass. According to the second
      index it is possible to determine the following variants: the centripetal one
      with the trunk circumferences predominance over the limbs circumferences and the
      inverted combination-centrifugal type. The geographical regularity values of the
      morphological indexes for some ethnoterritorial groups of the USSR has been
      shown.

PMID- 4027291
TI  - [Characteristics of a cell line obtained from a human hypernephroma].
AB  - A stable tumorigenic cell line has been obtained from the human hypernephrome.
      The culture grew as monolayers of large polygonal cells with foamy cytoplasm and
      1-2 nucleoli. The cells formed monolayer after the third day after planting into
      flask and then formed multilayered growth. The electron microscopic studies of
      hypernephrome sections revealed the dark and light cells. The hypernephrome cells
      have characteristics of tumor cells. On the 200th passage the cells are aneuploid
      with a model number of 62 chromosomes; an acrocentric chromosome in D group is
      noted as a marker one. The hypernephrome cells are free of Mycoplasma
      contamination, able to support the several virus replication.

PMID- 4027293
TI  - [Effect of bacitracin on the sporulation of Bacillus licheniformis 28 KA].
AB  - The bacitracin effect on spore germination in Bacillus licheniformis 28 KA--the
      producer of this antibiotic on media of various composition has been studied.
      Different intensity of antibiotic synthesis has been revealed on various media. A
      high content of presynthesized bacitracin has an inhibitory effect on spore
      germination in B. licheniformis.

PMID- 4027294
TI  - [Effect of the antiseptic merthiolate and its derivatives on fungi causing
      deterioration].
AB  - The fungistatic activity of merthiolate and its two polymerous derivatives have
      been investigated using as test cultures fungi producing deterioration. The
      fungicides sorbtion dynamics by the fungus micelium have been studied, toxicity
      and inhibition rate of the catalase from different sources have been evaluated.
      The polymerous derivatives have been found to maintain high fungistatic activity
      of merthiolate, but possess less toxicity. The sorbtion of the polymerous
      derivative by the fungal mycelium takes place more effectively than the
      merthiolate sorbtion. The probable reasons of the high activity of the
      merthiolate polymerous derivatives are under discussion.

PMID- 4027295
TI  - Effect of low-dose dopamine infusion on prolactin and thyrotropin secretion in
      preterm infants with hyaline membrane disease.
AB  - The effect of low-dose (2-4 micrograms/kg/min) and long-term (greater than or
      equal to 46 h) dopamine infusion on serum prolactin and thyrotropin
      concentrations was investigated in 8 preterm infants with hyaline membrane
      disease. Dopamine was administered for systemic hypotension and/or for impending
      renal failure. Serum prolactin decreased from 1,314.5 +/- 422.7 microU/ml to
      489.9 +/- 464.1 microU/ml (p less than 0.005), while serum thyrotropin fell from
      3.77 +/- 2.27 microU/ml to 1.01 +/- 0.25 microU/ml (p less than 0.025) during
      dopamine infusion. Our data indicate that exogenous dopamine exerts an inhibitory
      effect on the secretion of prolactin and thyrotropin even in the sick preterm
      neonate. The role of prolactin in fetal lung maturation and in regulation of the
      neonatal tissue water stores is discussed. The results of the present study are
      also useful in explaining the renal effects of long-term low-dose dopamine
      infusion in the sick preterm infant.

PMID- 4027296
TI  - Synthesis of C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids by the placenta of the
      sheep.
AB  - Incubation in vitro of sheep placental homogenates with [1-14C] oleic, linoleic
      and linolenic acids resulted in extensive amounts of radioactivity becoming
      associated with C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid products. The fatty acids
      of the fetal plasma displayed substantial levels of both C20 and C22
      polyunsaturated fatty acids, including the n-9 eicosatrienoic fatty acid
      associated with essential fatty acid deficiency, but extremely low levels of
      linoleic and linolenic acids. A role for the placenta in the provision to the
      fetus of a range of C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from C18
      fatty acid precursors is implicated.

PMID- 4027298
TI  - Journal referees: gatekeepers of science.

PMID- 4027297
TI  - Increased maternal-fetal transport of fat in diabetes assessed by polyunsaturated
      fatty acid content in fetal lipids.
AB  - The distribution of fatty acids was determined by gas-liquid chromatography in
      total lipid and triglyceride fraction of extracts of several tissues of
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats and their fetuses on day 20 of pregnancy. In
      maternal rats, diabetes did not significantly affect fatty acid distribution
      apart from small changes in the relative content of linoleate in adipose tissue
      and liver. In the placenta, the fetal carcass and the fetal liver the
      triglyceride content increased approximately 2-fold as a result of maternal
      diabetes, in association with the elevation in triglycerides and free fatty acids
      in the maternal circulation. A pronounced increase in the relative content of
      linoleate was recorded in the total lipid and triglyceride extracts of placenta
      (35 and 59%), fetal carcass (56 and 66%) and fetal liver (100 and 205%). Small
      increases in arachidonate proportion were also seen in some fetal tissues. The
      large increase in fetal hepatic linoleate indicates that this tissue is an
      important uptake target of maternal lipids transported in excess into the fetus.
      The results confirm the previous observations on increased transplacental fat
      passage in diabetes by demonstrating that the increment in the essential fatty
      acid, linoleate, parallels the diabetes-induced triglyceride accumulation in the
      fetoplacental unit.

PMID- 4027299
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test in depressed retarded adults: preliminary
      findings.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the utility of the Dexamethasone
      Suppression Test (DST) for diagnosing depression in institutionalized mentally
      retarded persons. Depressed and nondepressed institutionalized mentally retarded
      persons were given 1 mg dexamethasone for an overnight DST. Serum cortisol
      concentrations greater than 4 micrograms/dl at both 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM provided
      discrimination of depressed from nondepressed groups. Also, using the criteria of
      serum cortisol concentrations greater than 4 micrograms/dl at 8:00 AM and 4:00
      PM, at 4:00 PM and 10:00 PM, or at 8:00 AM, 4:00 PM, and 10:00 PM differentiated
      these groups. These results suggest that the DST may be useful for detecting
      melancholia among institutionalized retarded persons.

PMID- 4027300
TI  - Biological stress responses in high and low trait anxious students.
AB  - In an investigation of biological indicators of stress in normal humans,
      undergraduate psychology students were differentiated on trait anxiety and
      assessed under baseline, preexam (stress), and postexam conditions. Assessment at
      each condition involved drawing 20 ml of blood, followed by self-reporting for
      selected questionnaires. Self-reports included state anxiety, general
      psychological symptomatology, dysfunctional attitudes, academic confidence, sleep
      patterns, and intake of drugs, including alcohol and caffeine. Blood was analyzed
      for whole blood serotonin content, plasma MHPG, and platelet imipramine binding.
      Baseline differences between high and low trait anxious students on biological
      measures were significant only for whole blood serotonin content. Variation
      across situational conditions was significant for whole blood serotonin, with an
      increase under the stressful condition for both anxiety groups. Thus, serotonin
      is highlighted as an important factor in the human response to stress, whereas
      expected differences in MHPG were not observed. The serotonergic response to
      stress was not explained by changes in psychological or physical state variables.
      Changes in serotonin content were positively correlated with changes in platelet
      imipramine binding.

PMID- 4027302
TI  - Opposite effects of chronic imipramine treatment on brain and urine MHPG levels
      in the rat.
AB  - Acute imipramine (IMI; 20 mg/kg, ip) in rats decreased the brain concentration of
      3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylene glycol (MHPG), a metabolite of norepinephrine
      (NE), to 85% of control 24 hr after injection. In contrast, chronic IMI (20
      mg/kg, ip, daily for 14 days) significantly raised brain MHPG levels to 123% of
      control, while reducing brain NE levels. Urinary MHPG levels were reduced by both
      acute and chronic IMI treatments, to 52% and 51%, respectively. These data
      suggest that the brain turnover of NE is reduced after acute IMI, but is elevated
      after chronic treatment. Although urinary levels of MHPG changed in parallel with
      brain levels following an acute administration of IMI, such was not the case
      after chronic administration. We conclude that caution must be used in
      extrapolating drug-induced changes in urinary metabolite levels to brain amine
      function.

PMID- 4027303
TI  - Anorectic behavior, mood, and metabolic and endocrine adaptation to starvation in
      anorexia nervosa during inpatient treatment.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with anorexia nervosa were studied at 2-week intervals during
      treatment on psychiatric wards. In order to characterize the metabolic situation
      in starvation, levels of free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and
      acetoacetate were measured. The endocrine adaptation to starvation was studied by
      measuring triiodothyronine, noradrenaline, and cortisol. Anorectic symptoms were
      assessed by the Anorexia Nervosa Inventory Scale (ANIS) and mood changes on the
      basis of a "Befindlichkeits" Scale (BF). Only half of the patients showed
      metabolic and endocrine signs of starvation on admission to the hospital, despite
      low body weight. This group had significantly more severe anorectic symptoms
      (ANIS) and gained weight at a lesser rate. Metabolic signs of starvation
      disappeared during the first 4 weeks of therapy in most of the patients. The
      endocrine indicators for starvation normalized much more slowly, with
      noradrenaline having the slowest pace. "Bulimics" and "restricters" could not be
      distinguished from one another by metabolic or endocrine observations. The
      "bulimics," however, showed more severe anorectic symptoms (ANIS) and a more
      depressed mood.

PMID- 4027301
TI  - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in patients with panic disorder.
AB  - Preliminary reports have indicated that platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity
      is elevated in patients with anxiety disorder. We compared MAO activity in 20
      drug-free patients with panic disorder with 20 age- and sex-matched normal
      controls. MAO activity in patients was significantly higher than in normals. MAO
      activity was not correlated with age or plasma catecholamine levels. The authors
      speculate about the possible significance of elevated MAO activity in patients
      with panic disorder.

PMID- 4027304
TI  - Orienting reaction in patients with night terrors.
AB  - A polygraphic study of the somatic (electromyogram), autonomic (finger
      plethysmogram, galvanic skin reaction, respiration, pulse), and
      electroencephalographic (acoustic-evoked potential and EEG-blocking reaction)
      components of the orienting reaction elicited by an auditory stimulus was
      performed in 36 patients with night terrors and in 72 matched subjects in two
      control groups. The study showed a significantly more intense orienting reaction
      in patients with night terrors than in normal subjects (Control Group I).
      Moreover, the orienting reaction intensity in subjects with night terrors was
      significantly lower than in patients with symptomatic epilepsy (Control Group
      II). The orienting reactions of patients with night terrors depended on the
      patient's age, the history of nocturnal episodes, and their clinical form, as
      well as on etiology.

PMID- 4027305
TI  - Decreased triiodothyronines in depression: a preliminary report.

PMID- 4027306
TI  - Attention deficit disorder, amphetamine, and pregnancy.

PMID- 4027307
TI  - MHPG, ECT, and depression.

PMID- 4027308
TI  - Somnambulistic behavior associated with abnormal REM sleep in an elderly woman.

PMID- 4027309
TI  - Phenelzine-induced hypomania: effect of verapamil.

PMID- 4027310
TI  - Icon formation in chronic schizophrenics.

PMID- 4027311
TI  - Weight change and the dexamethasone suppression test.

PMID- 4027312
TI  - Rapid antidepressant activity of destyr gamma endorphin: correlation with urinary
      melatonin.

PMID- 4027313
TI  - The human brain: instrument of progress or disaster?

PMID- 4027314
TI  - Use and misuse of electroconvulsive treatment.
AB  - For the continued availability of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in clinical
      practice on equal footing with other treatments, and without judicial
      interference, the following points are essential: ECT should be used or not used
      on the basis of scientific evidence and not because of public opinion or
      antipsychiatric propaganda. There should be no hesitation to use ECT in
      conditions where its omission would mean prolonged suffering, risk of suicide, or
      death from other causes (deep melancholic syndromes, acute lethal catatonia,
      psychogenic confusion). ECT should not be used where the effect is short-lived or
      must be paid at the price of an organic syndrome (schizophrenia, paranoid states,
      organic confusions). Efficiency should be optimal (oxygen, superficial narcosis,
      absence of benzodiazepines, generalized tonic-clonic seizures of at least 30-sec
      duration, maintenance treatment with antidepressive drugs). Safety should be
      optimal, not only for life but also for cerebral functioning (anesthesiological
      management, unilateral nondominant stimulation, pulse wave stimuli, appropriate
      number of treatments, not too closely spaced). The mechanism of action should be
      the object of further investigation. Such research will open possibilities for
      finding drugs that can compete with ECT.

PMID- 4027315
TI  - What does the dexamethasone suppression test identify?
AB  - The authors studied the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) in chronic pain
      patients with and without major depression, using items from a modified version
      of the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Montgomery
      Asberg Depression Rating Scale. The purpose of the study was to identify the
      factor or factors which discriminated DST suppressors from nonsuppressors. The
      data suggest that depression and its profile are efficient discriminators of
      suppressors and nonsuppressors. Anxiety-related items were not as good as
      discriminators. The items that identified nonsuppression were the items that are
      often seen in combination in endogenous depression.

PMID- 4027317
TI  - Deficient motor synchrony in schizophrenic disorders: clinical correlates.
AB  - A laboratory measure of synchronization was used to assess the differential
      ability of schizophrenics, affectives, and normal controls to take advantage of
      stimulus predictability. It was hypothesized that (1) schizophrenics will perform
      on this task in a way that distinguishes them from other groups, (2) clinically
      observed motor anomalies will be associated with deficient motor synchrony, and
      (3) deficient motor synchrony will be associated with more severe clinical
      ratings of thought disorder. Twenty-one schizophrenic, 8 affective, and 16 normal
      controls were studied. The results were consistent with the hypotheses;
      schizophrenic subjects had distinctive performance patterns, especially at 40
      bpm, which was associated with both motor and thinking disturbance. The authors
      discuss additional analyses that suggest that deficient motor synchrony is
      associated with negative symptoms, certain ward behaviors, and not with
      demographic variables, and that among unmedicated schizophrenic subjects, the
      performance patterns are worse.

PMID- 4027316
TI  - Habituation and cortisol dysregulation in depression.
AB  - The relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysregulation and
      skin conductance measures of habituation, stimulus specificity, and
      dishabituation was investigated in psychiatric patients exhibiting depressed
      affect. As a group, depressed patients showed a relative failure to dishabituate
      when compared with control subjects. Nonsuppression of cortisol following
      dexamethasone was associated with decreased response specificity as reflected in
      direct response measures and baseline skin conductance level. The impairment of
      response specificity to a novel stimulus is consistent with previous studies
      demonstrating a role for cortisol in the regulation of selective attention
      processes.

PMID- 4027318
TI  - Repeated significance tests for clinical trials with a fixed number of patients
      and variable follow-up.
AB  - Group-sequential tests may be applied to trials in which the number of patients
      is fixed, a response variable is measured for each patient at successive follow
      up visits, and the accumulated responses are compared across treatment groups.
      The standard theory is inapplicable because the increments in the accumulated
      responses are no longer independent. An adjustment can be made to allow for the
      ratio of between-patient to within-patient variance and for possible first-order
      autocorrelation. The method is illustrated by reference to a dental trial.

PMID- 4027319
TI  - Testing for qualitative interactions between treatment effects and patient
      subsets.
AB  - Evaluation of evidence that treatment efficacy varies substantially among
      different subsets of patients is an important feature of the analysis of large
      clinical trials. Qualitative or crossover interactions are said to occur when one
      treatment is superior for some subsets of patients and the alternative treatment
      is superior for other subsets. A non-crossover interaction arises when there is
      variation in the magnitude, but not in the direction, of treatment effects among
      subsets. Some authors use the term quantitative interaction to mean non-crossover
      interaction. Non-crossover interactions are usually of less clinical importance
      than qualitative interactions, which often have major therapeutic significance. A
      likelihood ratio test is developed to test for qualitative interactions. Exact
      critical values are determined and tabulated.

PMID- 4027320
TI  - Designing phase II studies in the context of a programme of clinical research.
AB  - Conventional statistical determinations of sample size in phase II studies
      typically lead to sample sizes of the order of 25 (Schoenfeld, 1980,
      International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics 6, 371-374).
      When the development of new treatments is proceeding rapidly relative to the
      recruitment of suitable patients, such requirements can prove to be too
      demanding. As a result, either sample sizes are reduced by a rather arbitrary
      weakening of the risk specifications, or certain new treatments go untested. In
      this paper, the phase II testing of a number of treatments will be considered as
      a single study which has the objective of identifying the most promising
      treatment for phase III investigation. It is seen to be advantageous to test more
      treatments, with fewer subjects receiving each, than the conventional methods
      would allow.

PMID- 4027321
TI  - Estimation for a model of multiple malaria infections.
AB  - The Macdonald-Dietz model for superinfection in malaria is a time-dependent
      infinite-server queue. However, the queue is only partially observable; it can be
      ascertained only as not empty or empty. Moreover, continuous observation of the
      queue is impossible. This paper derives likelihoods for the model's parameters
      with incomplete, multiwave panel data, and numerically maximizes those
      likelihoods for some data from a field study in Nigeria.

PMID- 4027322
TI  - The ML estimation and testing of generalized ABO-like data with no observed
      double recessives.
AB  - The general method of the discrepancy or heterogeneity chi-square is applied to
      ABO-like data in which there are no observed double blanks in either the disease
      or the control group. When the recessive gene frequency is assumed zero, this
      method leads to an approximate chi-square test identical to that suggested by
      Smouse and Williams (1982, Biometrics 38, 757-768). When this assumption is
      relaxed, there arise two cases which are determined by whether the maximum
      likelihood estimate of this frequency is zero or not. It is shown that the value
      of the simple score statistic of Gart and Nam (1984, Biometrics 40, 887-894)
      discriminates between the two cases. The various omnibus test statistics for
      comparing groups are shown to differ little in several practical examples.
      However, under the more general assumption the appropriate degrees of freedom is
      one more than the number previously suggested.

PMID- 4027323
TI  - Estimation of a derivative by a difference quotient: its application to
      hepatocyte lactate metabolism.
AB  - Values of the derivative of a convex function are estimated from data for the
      function by assigning the difference quotients of the observations to appropriate
      values of the determining variable. The procedure is illustrated for the time
      course of hepatocytes incubated with lactate, of amount l, for which pyruvate, of
      amount p, is also observed. An empirical linear relation between dp/dt and
      ln(l/p) is established.

PMID- 4027324
TI  - Investigating maximum power losses in survival studies with nonstratified
      randomization.
AB  - In studies with nonstratified randomization, imbalances may occur which lead to
      power loss. We investigate how much power may be lost at worst, that is, with
      small but nonnegligible probability. The situation considered is a two-treatment
      trial with censored survival data, and three to five strata. We also derive
      asymptotic results, as the sample size and/or number of strata increase. In
      addition, we consider how much a projected sample size needs to be increased to
      be confident (at a certain probability level) that the intended power will be
      retained, conditionally on the unbalanced configuration.

PMID- 4027325
TI  - Analysis of incomplete multivariate data from repeated measurement experiments.
AB  - This paper analyses two sets of data that consist of repeated measurements with
      missing data. The missing observations always occur at the end of the series of
      repeated measurements. The score test for multivariate normal data is used to
      compare treatment groups; if the original data are not multivariate normal they
      are replaced by expected normal scores.

PMID- 4027326
TI  - On the problem of measuring the distance between distribution functions: analysis
      of hospitalization versus mortality.
AB  - The relationship between hospitalization, as a measure of morbidity, and
      mortality is examined. The difference between age at hospitalization in a general
      medical department and age at death in Oslo, Norway, is studied. The problem is
      transferred to the one of examining the difference between two cumulative
      distribution functions F and G. For this purpose, a quantile distance function
      based on the inverses of the distribution functions is applied. We give the
      natural estimate of the quantile distance function, and some asymptotic
      properties of the corresponding empirical process. For the particular situation
      where one of the distribution functions is known, a confidence band for the
      quantile distance function is derived. Applying these results, we show that there
      are reasons to believe that age at hospitalization and age at death are equally
      distributed, apart from a constant shift.

PMID- 4027327
TI  - Efficiency of age-adjusted tests in animal carcinogenicity experiments.
AB  - Carcinogenicity experiments may be analysed by a simple comparison of the control
      and exposed groups with respect to the proportions of observed tumors amongst
      dead animals, when longevity is identical in control and exposed groups. This
      simple-proportions test is invalid when longevity varies between groups and age
      adjusted methods such as the Hoel-Walburg or logrank test are needed. This paper
      stresses that there is an advantage to using age-adjusted tests, even when the
      simple-proportions test is valid. The argument is based on calculations of the
      asymptotic relative efficiency of the simple-proportions test with respect to
      both the Hoel-Walburg and the logrank tests.

PMID- 4027328
TI  - Assessment of interaction between carcinogens in long-term factorially designed
      animal experiments.
AB  - Two substances interact if the combined action results in an effect which is
      greater than, or less than, that of the sum of the effects produced separately by
      the substances. Finney (1971, Probit Analysis, 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge
      University Press) proposed a probabilistic model for simple independent action of
      two substances for the case of dichotomous outcomes. Using Finney's underlying
      model, we examine tests for interaction between carcinogens or toxic substances
      for data from long-term 2 x 2 and 2 x 2 x 2 factorially designed animal
      experiments. The outcome of interest is the occurrence or not of a certain event
      (for example, the appearance of a tumor) and the time at which the event
      occurred. The proposed tests are based on the proportional hazards model. We
      discuss some simple methods for checking the appropriateness of the proportional
      hazards assumption. Applications of the tests are made to data from a 2 x 2 and a
      2 x 2 x 2 experiment.

PMID- 4027329
TI  - Estimating treatment effects in clinical trials subject to regression to the
      mean.

PMID- 4027330
TI  - On testing for bioequivalence.

PMID- 4027331
TI  - Condensation of DNA by the C-terminal domain of histone H1. A circular dichroism
      study.
AB  - The condensation of DNA by the C-terminal domain of histone H1 has been studied
      by circular dichroism in physiological salt concentration (0.14 M NaF). As the
      intact H1 molecule, its C-terminal domain induces the so-called psi state of DNA
      that is characterized by a nonconservative circular dichroism spectrum which is
      currently attributed to ordered aggregation of the DNA molecules. On a molar
      basis, intact H1 and its C-terminal domain give spectra of similar intensity.
      Neither the globular domain of H1 nor an N-terminal fragment, that includes both
      the globular and N-terminal domains, has any effect on the conservative circular
      dichroism of DNA. From these results it is concluded that the condensation of DNA
      mediated by histone H1 is mainly due to its C-terminal domain. The effect of the
      salt concentration and the size of DNA molecules on the circular dichroism of the
      complexes are also examined.

PMID- 4027332
TI  - Interaction of paired homologous series of diacridines and triacridines with
      deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - Viscometric measurements using covalently closed circular DNA and sonicated rod
      like DNA fragments were performed to investigate unwinding and extension of the
      DNA helix associated with binding of paired homologous series of diacridines and
      triacridines. The maximum interchromophore distance for members of the diacridine
      series spans from 15.1 to 27.5 A, permitting the largest of these ligands to
      cover up to 4 or 5 base-pairs, allowing for helical twist and local unwinding in
      a bisintercalated complex lacking severe bending or kinking of the DNA backbone.
      Helix unwinding angles and increments in DNA contour length are characteristic of
      bifunctional reaction for all the diacridines studied, the DNA lattice appearing
      to saturate with one ligand molecule bound per 4 base-pairs. The triacridines,
      whose maximum end-to-end interchromophore distances are the same as those of
      their paired diacridines, have maximum central-to-terminal interchromophore
      distances covering the range 7.5-13.8 A and thus have the potential to form
      trisintercalated complexes with one or two base-pairs sandwiched between each
      chromophore. However, helix extension and unwinding parameters for the
      triacridines are similar to those of the diacridines, and we find no evidence of
      a transition from bifunctional to trifunctional reaction as the homologous series
      is ascended. In general, the binding site size appears to be 5 base-pairs for the
      triacridines. The stereochemical requirements for trisintercalation of
      triacridines are discussed with reference to the present findings and to the work
      of others.

PMID- 4027333
TI  - The effect of histone H1 on the compaction of oligonucleosomes. A quasielastic
      light scattering study.
AB  - The structural properties of H1-depleted oligonucleosomes are investigated by the
      use of quasielastic laser light scattering, thermal denaturation and circular
      dichroism and compared to those of H1-containing oligomers. To obtain information
      on the role of histone H1 in compaction of nucleosomes, translational diffusion
      coefficients (D) are determined for mono-to octanucleosomes over a range of ionic
      strength. The linear dependences of D on the number of nucleosomes show that the
      conformation of stripped oligomers is very extended and does not change
      drastically with increasing the ionic strength while the rigidness of the chain
      decreases due to the folding of linker DNA. The results prove that the salt
      induced condensation is much smaller for H1-depleted than for H1-containing
      oligomers and that histone H1 is necessary for the formation of a supercoiled
      structure of oligonucleosomes, already present at low ionic strength.

PMID- 4027334
TI  - Torsional dynamics and rigidity of fractionated poly(dGdC).

PMID- 4027335
TI  - Deformational dynamics and NMR relaxation of supercoiled DNAs.

PMID- 4027336
TI  - Sequence-dependence of secondary structure formation: conformational studies of
      host-guest peptides in alpha-helix and beta-structure supporting media.

PMID- 4027337
TI  - Conformational properties of Pro-Pro sequences. I. Crystal structures of two
      dipeptides with L-Pro-L-Pro and L-Pro-D-Pro sequences.

PMID- 4027338
TI  - An A-helix structure for poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT).

PMID- 4027339
TI  - Raman spectrum of a closed-circular DNA.

PMID- 4027340
TI  - Conformation of cyclic analogs of enkephalin. III. Effect of varying ring size.

PMID- 4027341
TI  - Determination of NOE "silent" dipolar interactions between magnetically
      equivalent nuclei: application to poly(dA).poly(dT).

PMID- 4027342
TI  - Effect of anisotropic bending rigidity and finite twisting rigidity on
      statistical properties of DNA model filaments.

PMID- 4027343
TI  - Vibrational circular dichroism of polypeptides. IV. Film studies of L-alanine
      homo-oligopeptides.

PMID- 4027344
TI  - Direct evidence for antifreeze glycoprotein adsorption onto an ice surface.

PMID- 4027345
TI  - Energetics of multihelix interactions in protein folding: application to
      myoglobin.

PMID- 4027346
TI  - Differential scattering of circularly polarized light by chromatin modeled as a
      helical array of dielectric ellipsoids within the born approximation.

PMID- 4027347
TI  - Random-phase calculation of the low-energy circular dichroism in glucans.

PMID- 4027348
TI  - The outcome of bacterial infection in subjects with benign familial leukopenia
      (BFL).
AB  - Benign familial leukopenia (BFL) is a hereditary phenomenon, encountered in
      several ethnic groups. Subjects bearing BFL are believed to be affected by
      bacterial infection in no greater incidence than normal subjects. In our study we
      investigated a group of subjects with BFL during an acute bacterial infection in
      comparison to subjects without BFL with the same infection. We found that the
      subjects with BFL had no absolute leukocytosis during the infection.
      Nevertheless, they reacted similarly to the other subjects in regard to their
      temperature and heart rate; however, they were hospitalized for fewer days than
      subjects without BFL. We conclude that BFL is a benign phenomenon, requiring
      neither specific treatment as such, nor more aggressive therapy during infection.
      The benign course of an acute bacterial infection in BFL indicates that perhaps
      the number of WBC's that are normally recruited during an infection in normal
      subjects highly exceeds that which is necessary.

PMID- 4027349
TI  - [Risk of vertebral fracture after menopause: identification of subjects at high
      risk by dual photon absoprtionometry].
AB  - Dual photon absorptionometry of bone is used to detect in an exposed population
      those subjects who are high risk of fracture and also to follow up the evolution
      of these patients. 37 women who have suffered fractures have been compared to 41
      women without fractures of similar age distribution. A highly significant
      correlation between body height and Bone Mineral Content (BMC) of the lumbar
      spine is found in the control group thus allowing the calculation of the expected
      BMC value for each patient. A crushing index is defined as the ratio of the
      observed BMC value to the expected one. Using this index, instead of the two more
      usual modes of BMC expression, leads to an improvement of the predictive
      estimation of fracture risk. The predictive value of such indices should still be
      improved. With this aim, further determinations of indices are desirable. The
      following requirements should be borne in mind: The physical data should be
      easily obtainable e.g. body height and weight and the meaning of the index based
      on these easily verifiable factors they should be easily understood.

PMID- 4027350
TI  - Loop diuretics may fail to inhibit (Na+, K+, Cl-) 'cotransport' in human red
      cells.
AB  - The inhibition of passive K+ influx into human red blood cells (RBC) by loop
      diuretics was found to be dependent on the external Na+ concentration. In the
      absence of external Na+, there was minimal inhibition but the influx remained
      dependent on Cl- ions. Thus, raising the external Na+ concentration increased the
      affinity of the putative (Na+, K+, Cl-) cotransport system in human RBC for loop
      diuretics.

PMID- 4027351
TI  - Changes in kidney transaminase activity during development in male and female
      rats.
AB  - The developmental changes in the activity of kidney transamidinase in male and
      female rats were investigated. The activity in both sexes increased rapidly after
      birth, reaching adult levels at 4 days of age. After weaning, the activity in
      male rats remained constant, while in female rats it declined to 60% of that in
      males. Thus, transamidinase is in the neonatal cluster of enzyme differentiation.

PMID- 4027352
TI  - Preferential uptake of intravenously administered hyaluronidase (Hyalosidase) by
      damaged rat myocardium.
AB  - The induction of myocardial infarction in rats by ligation of the left-anterior
      coronary artery was confirmed by measurement of increased plasma levels of
      creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. Using this
      model system it has been established that intravenous administration of 125I
      labelled hyaluronidase to rats resulted in a preferential uptake of the enzyme by
      damaged myocardium as compared to normal heart tissue.

PMID- 4027353
TI  - The effect of different hyperglucagonemic states on monooxygenase activities and
      isozymic pattern of cytochrome P-450 in mouse.
AB  - The continuous infusion of a low dose of glucagon (35 micrograms/kg/d, for 5 d)
      constitutes, in view of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase activities, a reliable experimental model of hyperglucagonemia. By
      conjunction of monooxygenase assays and immunoquantitation of specific isozymes
      of cytochrome P-450, the actual inducing ability of glucagon has been shown and
      it might explain some of the modifications of the drug metabolizing system in
      diabetic mice. The isozymic pattern of cytochrome P-450 of liver microsomes from
      diabetic mice appears very different from that produced by classical inducers.

PMID- 4027354
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human plasma protein X alias complement S-protein.
AB  - Protein X alias complement S-protein was isolated by dissociation from purified
      XC5b-9 (fluid-phase terminal C5b-9) complexes with 250 mM deoxycholate and
      subsequent sucrose density gradient centrifugation and Sephacryl gel
      chromatography. Polyclonal rabbit and monoclonal mouse antibodies were used to
      preliminarily characterize the protein in human serum and plasma. In plasma,
      Protein X yielded a symmetrical immunoprecipitate of alpha 2-mobility in a
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis assay. However, a second immunoprecipitate of alpha
      1-mobility was observed when serum was analysed; this precipitate represented
      Protein X in complex with antithrombin-III. The co-precipitation of Protein X
      with serum antithrombin-III was exploited for establishing a simple screening
      test for unequivocal identification of monoclonal anti-Protein X antibodies. SDS
      PAGE immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies showed that Protein X exhibits
      pronounced microheterogeneity, migrating as a diffuse moiety of approx. Mr 80-90
      000. Additionally, a small amount of polymeric aggregates appear to be present in
      plasma. Reduction of disulfide bonds led to liberation of a polypeptide of
      approx. 15 K as discerned by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE immunoblotting. Protein X
      is not cleaved to lower molecular weight entities during the process of blood
      coagulation or during formation of fluid-phase terminal complement complexes. The
      plasma concentrations in healthy adults were in the range of 500-700
      micrograms/ml. The availability of methods for isolating Protein X and raising
      monoclonal antibodies will facilitate further studies on the dual role of this
      protein in the terminal complement and coagulation cascades.

PMID- 4027355
TI  - Solid phase synthesis. Nobel lecture, 8 December 1984.

PMID- 4027356
TI  - The amino acid sequence of human sperm protamine P1.
AB  - Human sperm protamines have been extracted from spermatozoa pooled from several
      donors, converted to their S-pyridylethylated derivatives and resolved into two
      major components, P1 and P2, by Bio-Rex 70 chromatography. Protamine P1 was
      further purified by Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography and sequenced directly on a gas
      phase protein sequencer for 43 residues. To complete the sequence, P1 was cleaved
      at methionine 36 and the C-terminal tetradecapeptide was purified by h.p.l.c. and
      sequenced completely. The 50 residue sequence is: (sequence see text) This
      sequence has a calculated molecular weight of 6674 and is homologous with four
      other published mammalian protamine sequences.

PMID- 4027357
TI  - Shape transformation of erythrocyte ghosts depends on ion concentrations.
AB  - Resealed human erythrocyte ghosts undergo shape transformations similar to those
      of intact erythrocytes. The results indicate that the shape of these ghosts
      depends on the inner as well as on the outer NaCl concentration. A correlation
      between shape and calculated transmembrane potential was established similar to
      that for intact human erythrocytes.

PMID- 4027358
TI  - Influence of the intracellular and extracellular cation concentration on
      monovalent cation efflux of resealed human erythrocyte ghosts.
AB  - Tracer efflux measurements (86Rb+ and 22Na+) were performed on resealed human
      erythrocyte ghosts at different intra- and extracellular NaCl concentrations.
      Using a modified Goldman equation the observed alterations of the rate constants
      could be explained by taking into account the transmembrane and surface
      potentials, at constant permeability coefficient. These results emphasize the
      importance of membrane surface potentials in triggering ion transport across
      biological membranes.

PMID- 4027359
TI  - Impaired muscle glucose metabolism in acute renal failure.
AB  - Renal failure is associated with peripheral insulin resistance and consequent
      carbohydrate intolerance. This report investigates carbohydrate metabolism in
      vitro in epitrochlearis and hemidiaphragm muscles taken from acutely uraemic and
      sham-operated rats. Muscles from acutely uraemic rats (compared to those from
      sham-operated rats) incubated with 5 mM glucose showed increased rates of basal
      and insulin-stimulated glycolysis and glycogen turnover, but pyruvate
      dehydrogenase and tricarboxylic acid-cycle flux was not increased in uraemia.
      Glycolysis (but not glycogen turnover) in muscles from acutely uraemic rats
      tended to show decreased responsiveness to stimulation by insulin. It is
      concluded that acute uraemia is associated with a defect(s) in muscle that
      produces intrinsic insulin resistance and results in diversion of glucose (both
      in basal and insulin-stimulated states) from glycogen synthesis into glycolysis.

PMID- 4027360
TI  - [Mechanical tension in different parts of the left ventricle of the heart exposed
      to inotropic factors].
AB  - A study was made of the effects of different inotropic factors on mechanical
      tension in the left ventricular wall and in the apex of the heart and of the
      participation of these regions in the formation of hemodynamic characteristics.
      Adrenaline caused similar effects whereas CaCl2 exerted different inotropic
      effects on the left ventricular wall and the apex of the heart. Changes in
      mechanical tension of the wall correlated with variations in the pressure inside
      the left ventricle. Tension in the apex of the heart produced alterations in the
      stroke volume.

PMID- 4027361
TI  - [Inactivation of the postural asymmetry factor at the stage of compensation for
      the postural disorder induced by unilateral removal of the motor area].
AB  - The peptide nature of the posture asymmetry factor (PAF) produced in the brain
      after unilateral removal of the motor region of the neocortex was established.
      The inactivation of PAF activity in the brain toward the end of the third week
      after the removal is due to PAF inactivation by the endogenous factor absent from
      the intact brain. The molecular weight of the inactivation factor exceeds 5.0 kD
      that makes it possible to separate it from the PAF by gel filtration on Sephadex
      G-25. The correlation was marked between the increasing activity of the PAF
      inactivation factor and the recovery of the initial symmetric functioning of the
      spinal centers during three weeks after unilateral damage to the CNS.

PMID- 4027362
TI  - [Adenylate cyclase activity of the gastric mucosa and the morphological changes
      in the gastrointestinal tract in the experimental reproduction of duodenal ulcers
      with subsequent truncal vagotomy].

PMID- 4027363
TI  - [Protection of long-term ischemic kidneys from the damages of reoxygenation by
      using the temporary inhalation of a gas hypoxic mixture].
AB  - Experiments were carried out on 240 August and Wistar rats. It was shown that
      renal reperfusion after 2 h of ischemia, performed following 24-hour inhalation
      by the animals of a gas hypoxic mixture (GHM) with 10 to 12% O2, increased the
      survival rate of the rats and accelerated the resynthesis of adenine nucleotides
      by the kidneys as compared with analogous characteristics during reperfusion
      paralleled by inhalation of air or oxygen. The protective effect of GHM
      inhalation on renal function and metabolism was approximately the same as the
      protective action of high doses (240 mg/kg) of the antioxidant ionol. The
      experiments confirm the role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of
      reoxygenation injuries and the protective effect of GHM inhalation in the early
      period of reperfusion.

PMID- 4027364
TI  - [Changes in the number of Ec cells in the small intestine and the serotonin level
      in the blood plasma of fasting rats].
AB  - A study was made of the amount of Ec-cells in the small intestine mucosa and
      blood plasma serotonin of rats in health and fasting. It was established that 24
      hours after food deprivation the amount of Ec-cells rises approximately 2-fold as
      compared with control. The cells demonstrate the intensification of the
      argentaffin reaction. The content of serotonin in blood plasma increases 2-fold
      accordingly. On day 3 of fasting the amount of Ec-cells and intensity of the
      argentaffin reaction decrease to normal, whereas the content of blood plasma
      serotonin does not change essentially. This may be linked with a massive release
      of serotonin to blood and depletion of Ec-cells because of which the threshold of
      their histochemical demonstration is reduced. On day 7 of food deprivation the
      amount of Ec-cells and the intensity of the argentaffin reaction increase again
      but the serotonin content dramatically falls down. This phenomenon may be related
      to the derangement of serotonin release to blood or to the transformation from
      the synthesis of serotonin to the synthesis of some other hormone, most likely
      melatonin.

PMID- 4027365
TI  - [Characteristics of the regulation of the blood stroke volume in rat pups
      developing under hypokinesia and muscle training].
AB  - In the early postnatal period, high motor activity of young rats leads to an
      increase in the tonic effects of the sympathetic nerves and to a decrease in that
      of the vagus on the systolic blood volume.

PMID- 4027366
TI  - [Effect of caffeine on active Ca2+ ion transport in a homogenate of skeletal
      muscles and myocardium].
AB  - A Ca2-selective electrode was used to study active transport of Ca2+ by
      sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments of rabbit skeletal muscle and myocardium
      homogenates. The specific Ca2+ transport activities (mumol Ca2+/min/mg tissue)
      are 40 = 60 and 3 = 5 units for fast and slow muscles and the myocardium,
      respectively. Caffeine (5 mM) exerts a powerful inhibitory influence on Ca2+
      transport in skeletal muscle homogenates. For fast muscles, the degree of
      inhibition exceeds 50%. The rate of Ca2+ transport in the myocardium homogenate
      increases in the presence of creatine phosphate. The latter produces no effect on
      Ca2+ transport in skeletal muscle homogenates. The high sensitivity of Ca2
      transport to caffeine, a specific blocker of Ca2+ transport to the terminal
      cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, suggests that the terminal cisterns,
      apart from being a reservoir for Ca2+ needed for contraction trigger, may play an
      essential role in muscle relaxation.

PMID- 4027367
TI  - [Identification of pro-opiomelanocortin and the secretion of its peptide
      fragments in the adrenals of the bull].
AB  - Immunoreactive alpha-, beta- and gamma-endorphins and beta-lipotropin--C-terminal
      peptide fragments of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)--were discovered and measured by
      RIA in the bovine adrenal medulla and cortex. These peptides were also discovered
      in perfusates of the adrenal gland. POMC proper and some intermediate forms of
      its processing not differing in electrophoretic mobility from the respective
      molecular forms of hypophyseal POMC were identified in the medulla and cortex of
      the adrenals by the immunoblotting technique with the use of antiserum to beta
      lipoprotein. It is concluded that POMC gene is expressed in the adrenal medulla
      and cortex and that as a result of POMC processing a noticeable amount of its
      peptide fragments is formed and secreted in adrenal cells. The authors thus
      suggest the presence of existence of the pituitary-unrelated mechanisms of
      adrenal function control with participation of POMC peptides synthesized in the
      adrenals.

PMID- 4027368
TI  - [Formation of alpha-tocopherol complexes with phosphatidic acid].
AB  - High-resolution 1H-nmr spectroscopy and UV spectrophotometry have demonstrated
      the formation of alpha-tocopherol and phosphatide acid complexes. The complex
      formation occurs at the expense of two types of interactions: polar interaction
      of the OH-group of alpha-tocopherol with a keto group of phosphatide acid and
      hydrophobic interaction of the methyl groups of the chroman nucleus of alpha
      tocopherol with cis-unsaturated double bonds of the accyls of phosphatide acid.
      The role of such complexes in the mechanisms of biomembrane stabilization for
      preventing the damaging action of phospholipases is discussed.

PMID- 4027369
TI  - [Unusual estrogen-binding liver protein in rats and the metabolism of sex
      steroids].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of a highly purified preparation of an unusual
      estrogen-binding protein (UEBP) of rat liver on 3H-estradiol (3H-E2) and 3H
      testosterone (3H-T) metabolism by female rat liver homogenates. The UEBP
      decreased the rate of metabolic conversions of 3H-E2 and 3H-T in a dose-dependent
      and specific manner. The effectiveness of the inhibitory action of the UEBP
      declined with increase of metabolic activities of homogenate enzymes. The effects
      of the UEBP were reduced fully or partly by the ligands specifically binding to
      the UEBP, estrone (E1), and estriol (E3) respectively. The latter fact was used
      to demonstrate the effectiveness of the endogenous male rat liver homogenate UEBP
      in the control of 3H-E2 metabolism. The UEBP did not exhibit any oxidoreductase
      activity on the use of 3H-E1, 3H-E2, 3H-E2, 3H-T and 3H-androstenedione with
      NAD+, NADH, NADP+, and NADPH as cofactors. These data present the first direct
      experimental evidence of the regulatory function of the UEBP in the time course
      of changes in sex steroids.

PMID- 4027370
TI  - [Role of tricyclic antidepressants in the central regulation of hyperalgesia and
      stress analgesia].
AB  - The effect of hypophysectomy (HE) on pain thresholds was studied in female
      noninbred rats. Hyperalgesia was observed after HE since the first till the sixth
      day of the observation period. Droperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) and amitryptyline (5
      mg/kg i.p.) produced hyperalgesia in sham-operated rats, which was potentiated in
      hypophysectomized animals. In rats taken into the experiment 3 days after
      operation, no increase in the pain threshold was recordable during the 30-minute
      painful stress, and poststress autoanalgesia did not develop subsequently. The
      opposing data were obtained in sham-operated animals. On intraperitoneal
      administration of phentanyl (25 micrograms/kg) after the 30-minute painful stress
      hypophysectomized rats did not manifest any potentiation of its analgesic effect
      in contradistinction to sham-operated animals. Simultaneous administration of
      phentanyl at the same dose and melipramine (5 mg/kg i.p.) produced considerable
      potentiation of analgesia if administered after stress. In hypophysectomized
      rats, that effect was somewhat reduced.

PMID- 4027371
TI  - [Characteristics of serotonin binding by the cells of immunocompetent tissues and
      synaptosomes].
AB  - The ratio of surface and intracellular serotonin binding by the cells of
      immunocompetent tissues and synaptosomes of immunized and intact CBA mice was
      studied by treatment with imipramine inhibiting serotonin penetration through the
      cytoplasmic membrane. As early as 5 minutes after the antigen injection the
      content of intracellular amine increased with changes in its binding by the
      cytoplasmic membrane. The probability of the functional interconnection between
      the reaction of immunocompetent tissues to the antigen and two forms of serotonin
      binding by the cells of these tissues is discussed.

PMID- 4027372
TI  - [Temporal organization of the cellular reproduction processes in Ehrlich ascites
      tumor].
AB  - Experiments were made on randombred male mice weighing 18-20 g maintained on the
      light regimen L:D-12:12. The animals were given a single injection i. p. of a
      hypotetraploid subline of Ehrlich's ascites tumor. Fluctuations in the number of
      mitotic cells and no changes in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells were
      established. This indicates that synchronization of tumor cells under these
      conditions occurs mainly in the G2 phase. The results of the present experiments
      confirm those obtained during previous investigations, showing the lack of the
      dependence of the cell proliferation pattern on the cell ploidy. The disturbance
      of the chronobiological organization of tumor cell proliferation that is
      manifested by upset synchronization of cell division and DNA synthesis is common
      to all Ehrlich's ascites tumor sublines under study.

PMID- 4027373
TI  - [Changes in arginase activity during neurinoma growth].
AB  - Arginase activity was studied in the brain and other tissues of the rat at the
      different periods of neurinoma growth. The activity of the enzyme was
      considerably activated in the affected hemisphere on the 4th day, in the skin of
      the head and thigh on the 6th day after tumor transplantation. Elevation in
      arginase activity in the neoplasm itself was recorded on the 16th day. The data
      obtained point to the physiological significance of arginase during neurinoma
      growth.

PMID- 4027374
TI  - [Differing microsomal monoxygenase activity in the cells of ascitic and solid
      forms of transplantable tumors].
AB  - Aryl hydroxylase activity has been demonstrated to depend on the pattern of tumor
      cell structural organization. The activity of microsomal monoxygenases in the
      ascitic forms of sarcoma MC-11, hepatoma 22a and Ehrlich's tumor was much lower
      than in the corresponding solid tumors. Aryl hydroxylase was activated after the
      animals received 3-MC, but the magnitude of the activity induced did not
      correlate with the basic activity in the different tumors. In in vitro
      experiments, 7,8-benzoflavone inhibited the enzyme in all the tumors, whereas
      metyrapone did not affect BP-hydroxylation. It is assumed that all the tumors
      investigated contain hemoprotein that is similar to cytochrome P1-450.

PMID- 4027375
TI  - [Stimulating action of endorphins on the development of sympathetic ganglia in
      culture].
AB  - The effect of gamma-and beta-endorphins, leu- and met-enkephalins on the growth
      and differentiation of nervous tissue was studied in organotypic cultures of the
      sympathetic ganglia of newborn rats. The growth of explants in living cultures
      and preparations stained by the Holmes method was analyzed. It was established
      that endorphins are capable of stimulating the growth of neurites from the
      explant, of increasing the number of glial and fibroblastoid cells in the zone of
      the growth. The mean value of the maximal magnitude of the zone of the growth in
      normalcy was 464 +/- 136 micron, that on addition of leu- and met-enkephalins,
      gamma- and beta-endorphins 879 +/- 161, 900 +/- 160, 959 +/- 170, and 1056 +/-
      137 microns. The growth effect induced by endorphins was demonstrated within a
      wide dose range--from 10(-7) to 10(-14) M. Naloxone did not inhibit the stimulant
      action of the peptides. It is suggested that opioid neuropeptides can be used as
      a source of nonspecific growth factors for nervous tissue.

PMID- 4027376
TI  - Surface phenotypes of human hemopoietic progenitor cells defined by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - A panel of ten monoclonal antibodies which react with antigens present on the
      surface of myeloid leukemic cells was used to investigate the distribution of
      these antigens on normal hemopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells at various
      stages of maturity. A population of immature cells, possibly stem cells, that are
      capable of regenerating CFU-GM in long-term marrow cultures reacts with four
      antibodies recognizing antigens abundantly expressed in leukemic cells, but does
      not react with antibodies against Ia-like molecules or against carbohydrate
      determinants specific for myeloid cells. Progenitor cells that form mixed
      colonies in semisolid medium (CFU-GEMM), early erythroid (BFU-E) and early
      myelomonocytic (type 1 CFU-GM) progenitors retain the antigens present on the
      hypothetical stem cell population and begin to express Ia-like antigens. As they
      differentiate, myeloid and erythroid progenitors undergo a series of quantitative
      and qualitative shifts in surface phenotype. They begin to express stage-related,
      lineage-specific antigens and cease expressing antigens common to early cells of
      different lineages. The identification of antigens present on very immature
      normal progenitor cells should be valuable in future studies aimed at the
      detailed characterization of this relatively little-known hemopoietic cell
      population.

PMID- 4027377
TI  - Formation of a morphologically complex system by peroxidase-positive lysosomal
      elements in human monocytes.
AB  - Computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction of serial ultrathin sections
      revealed that freshly prepared monocytes from human blood contained endogenous
      peroxidase (PO) not only in cytoplasmic granules, but also in long contorted
      tubules and in complex elements, which consisted of both tubular and granular
      components. The various PO-positive elements formed an intricate system, which
      was separate from all other cytoplasmic structures, including the endoplasmic
      reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Because the PO-positive elements in monocytes
      are known to be primary lysosomes, which are involved in host defense mechanisms,
      we suggest that the antimicrobial functions of human blood monocytes are exerted
      by functionally and morphologically diverse subcompartments of a complex system
      rather than by separate uniform granules.

PMID- 4027378
TI  - SFL 23.6: a monoclonal antibody reactive with CFU-E, erythroblasts, and
      erythrocytes.
AB  - A cytotoxic (IgG2b) monoclonal antibody (McAb) for a novel erythroid
      differentiation antigen was generated by hyperimmunizing young mice with
      mononuclear cells obtained from livers of 20- to 22-week-old fetuses. This McAb,
      designated SFL 23.6, shows an extremely well-defined reactivity with the cells of
      the erythroid lineage at all stages of maturation as evident from the labeling of
      morphologically identifiable erythroid precursors and of erythrocytes present in
      peripheral blood, bone marrow, and fetal liver, and from its reactivity with
      culture-derived erythroblasts. The nonerythroid cells present in these and other
      tissue preparations were not labeled by SFL 23.6. The erythroid lineage
      specificity of McAb SFL 23.6 was confirmed by a cell-sorting experiment in which
      97% of the cells in the fluorescent fraction sorted from SFL 23.6-treated bone
      marrow cells were erythroid precursors at various stages of maturation.
      Complement-mediated cytotoxicity and progenitor cell-sorting experiments showed
      that most (greater than 90%) of the late erythroid progenitors (CFU-E) and only a
      small proportion of the early erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) express the antigenic
      determinant identified by SFL 23.6. The myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM) and
      multilineage progenitors (CFU-GEMM) were negative for the SFL 23.6 antigenic
      determinant. The antigen recognized by SFL 23.6 has not been determined as yet.
      Because of the pattern of its reactivity and its dependence on sialic acid
      residues, the possibility of its relationship to glycophoria A was entertained.
      However, previous work using antiglycophorin McAbs (R-10) has shown that this
      determinant is not expressed in CFU-E. Therefore, among the erythroid lineage
      specific McAbs described thus far, SFL 23.6 is unique in its reactivity with CFU
      E and the mature erythron. Reagents with such specificity may be useful in
      studies of erythroid differentiation and commitment.

PMID- 4027380
TI  - In vitro analysis of the homing properties of human lymphocytes: developmental
      regulation of functional receptors for high endothelial venules.
AB  - Circulating lymphocytes leave the blood by binding to specialized high
      endothelial cells lining postcapillary venules in lymphoid organs or sites of
      chronic inflammations, migrating through the vessel wall into the surrounding
      tissue. The capacity of lymphocytes to recognize and bind to high endothelial
      venules (HEVs) is thus central to the overall process of lymphocyte traffic and
      recirculation. We show that viable human lymphocytes bind selectively to HEVs in
      frozen sections of normal human lymph nodes, thus defining a simple in vitro
      model for the study of human lymphocyte homing properties. Optimal conditions for
      the quantitative analysis of lymphocyte-HEV interaction are described.
      Furthermore, by using this assay, we demonstrate that the ability of human
      lymphocyte populations to bind to HEVs parallels their presumed migratory status
      in vivo. Thus, thymocytes and bone marrow cells, which are sessile in vivo, bind
      poorly to HEVs in comparison with mature circulating lymphocytes in peripheral
      blood or in peripheral lymphoid tissues. These results indicate that HEV-binding
      ability is a regulated property of mature lymphocytes and, as demonstrated
      previously in animal models, probably plays a fundamental role in controlling
      lymphocyte traffic in humans. The in vitro model of lymphocyte-HEV interaction
      thus provides a unique means to assay the migratory properties of normal and
      neoplastic human lymphocyte subsets, to analyze the role of lymphocyte traffic
      mechanisms in normal and pathologic inflammatory reactions, and to define some of
      the molecular mechanisms responsible for the control of lymphocyte migration and
      positioning in humans.

PMID- 4027379
TI  - Megakaryocyte interaction with subendothelial extracellular matrix is associated
      with adhesion, platelet-like shape change, and thromboxane A2 production.
AB  - We have examined the morphological and secretory behavior of rat and guinea pig
      megakaryocytes exposed for up to 24 hours to extracellular matrix produced by
      cultured bovine endothelial cells. By phase-contrast microscopy of living cells
      and in more detail by scanning electron microscopy, the megakaryocytes showed a
      nonreversible adherence, an extensive formation of filopodia around the periphery
      like the rays of the sun, and a tendency toward flattening. These filopodia were
      generally linear with attenuated tips and were larger than, but resembled the
      filopodia of, rat or guinea pig platelets exposed to this extracellular matrix.
      In contrast, isolated megakaryocytes on glass or on uncoated plastic surfaces did
      not show these responses; adherence, in the face of gentle agitation before
      fixation, was minimal, with rare filopodia and no flattening. Megakaryocytes that
      interacted with the extracellular matrix produced significant amounts of
      thromboxane A2, but this did not occur on uncoated surfaces and could not be
      attributed to other contaminating cells in the megakaryocyte suspensions. The
      appearance in megakaryocytes of these typical platelet responses indicates that
      megakaryocytes acquire the functional capabilities of platelets by the synthesis
      and assembly of platelet substances and organelles. Thromboxane production by
      megakaryocytes stimulated by the extracellular matrix is a readily quantifiable
      measure of this capacity.

PMID- 4027381
TI  - The influence of estrogen and prolactin on Hageman factor (factor XII) titer in
      ovariectomized and hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - The synthesis of prothrombin in hepatic microsomes is augmented in intact
      estrogen-treated rats and in hypophysectomized rats treated with purified
      prolactin. We investigated the influence of these gonadal and pituitary hormones
      on the titer of Hageman factor (factor XII), reportedly elevated in women using
      oral contraceptives. Rats were ovariectomized to minimize the influence of
      endogenous estrogen and progesterone on the Hageman factor titer. The
      administration of progesterone did not alter the plasma concentration of Hageman
      factor. In contrast, the infusion of 17 beta-estradiol induced a marked elevation
      of the plasma Hageman factor titer, as measured functionally and immunologically.
      The titer of Hageman factor was directly related to both plasma estradiol and
      prolactin concentrations, indicating that prolactin may play a role in the
      regulation of plasma Hageman factor titers. In agreement with this,
      hypophysectomy induced a marked decrease in the Hageman factor level. In
      hypophysectomized ovariectomized animals, the administration of estradiol
      restored the Hageman factor titer to normal levels, whereas the infusion of
      prolactin induced a dramatic rise in the Hageman factor titer to the degree
      observed in nonhypophysectomized estrogen-treated rats. No further increase in
      the Hageman factor titer was observed in rats treated with both estradiol and
      prolactin. These data indicate that estrogens increase the plasma Hageman factor
      titer both directly and through its release of prolactin and that prolactin may
      also increase the titer of Hageman factor through estrogen-independent
      mechanisms.

PMID- 4027382
TI  - Surface membrane glycoproteins of wild-type and differentiation-inducer-resistant
      HL-60 cells.
AB  - Surface membrane glycoproteins (SMGs) of cells from the parental wild-type HL-60
      cell line and from three sublines variably cross-resistant to the granulocyte
      differentiation-inducing effects of retinoic acid (RA), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO),
      and certain purine bases (6-thioguanine [6TG] or hypoxanthine) were studied by
      one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. After both
      oligosaccharide (periodate/borotritide) and peptide (1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3 alpha,
      6 alpha-diphenylglycouril) ectolabeling procedures, striking common changes were
      noted in the gel electrophoretic patterns of the SMGs from the RA- and 6TG
      resistant sublines compared to those from the wild-type HL-60 line or the DMSO
      resistant subline. Most prominently, this included the presence in the RA- and
      6TG-resistant cells of an apparent high molecular weight acidic glycoprotein(s)
      (mol wt, 200 to 285 kilodaltons [kD]; isoelectric point range [pl], 4.5 to 6.0)
      not observed in the wild-type or DMSO-resistant cells and, conversely, the
      presence of a lower molecular weight glycoprotein(s) (mol wt, 120 to 165 kD; pl,
      4.2 to 5.9) in the wild-type and DMSO-resistant cells, which was absent or much
      reduced in the RA- and 6TG-resistant cells. These acidic SMGs did not change as a
      function of the induction of granulocyte differentiation. However, some other
      more basic SMGs varied as a function of granulocyte differentiation in both the
      wild-type and differentiation inducer-resistant sublines, including the loss of
      the transferrin receptor and the gain of a mol wt 55- to 60-kD neutrophil
      associated protein. In the context of previously reported information, these
      results indicate (1) that the overall pattern of SMG changes in the RA- and 6TG
      resistant cells closely resembles that associated with multidrug (pleiotropic)
      resistance to cytotoxic agents in a variety of mammalian cells; (2) that the
      RA/6TG resistance-associated SMG changes are not granulocyte differentiation
      stage-specific; and (3) that either the RA/6TG resistance-associated SMG changes
      are not related to the resistance mechanism or they are involved in the
      resistance/cross-resistance mechanism(s) for RA/purine bases but not for DMSO.

PMID- 4027383
TI  - Aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in immunocompromised homosexual males.
AB  - During the period from 1981 through 1984, 14 immunocompromised homosexual males
      with intermediate or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were seen at University of
      Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. Six patients had diffuse large
      cell lymphoma, seven had diffuse undifferentiated lymphoma, and one had
      unclassifiable lymphoma that suggested large-cell lymphoma. Eight patients had
      the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and five had the AIDS-related
      complex. Kaposi's sarcoma was initially present in four patients and developed
      later in two others. The patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma were
      characterized by more severely altered immune parameters, multicentric brain mass
      lesions, pretherapy opportunistic infections, lower performance status, poor
      response to therapy, and death in all within six months. The undifferentiated
      lymphoma group had preceding generalized reactive lymphadenopathy, less severe
      immune dysfunction, and excellent response to combination chemotherapy, with
      survival time greater than 19 months in three patients. Twelve of the patients
      had extranodal sites of lymphoma at presentation. There is a definite trend for
      the development of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with unusual sites of
      extranodal involvement in immunocompromised homosexual males, with the potential
      for good tolerance to combination chemotherapy and improved survival in the
      subgroup without severe concomitant opportunistic infections.

PMID- 4027384
TI  - Potentiality of the murine colony-forming cells detected by an in vivo diffusion
      chamber culture system.
AB  - Culture of a mixture of bone marrow cells with and without T6 chromosome marker
      in diffusion chambers in mice yielded colonies (CFU-DG) containing cells of a
      single karyotype, suggesting clonality. Injection of individual CFU-DG colonies
      into lethally irradiated mice resulted in increased spleen colony formation on
      day 12 (CFU-S). The possibility of endogenous origin was excluded by
      demonstrating the presence of T6 marker in both CFU-DG and CFU-S colonies in
      karyotypically normal hosts. These findings suggest that the cells giving rise to
      granulocytic colonies in diffusion chambers also can give rise to multipotential
      hemopoietic cells.

PMID- 4027386
TI  - Sp alpha I/65: a new variant of the alpha subunit of spectrin in hereditary
      elliptocytosis.
AB  - Two molecular defects involving the spectrin heterodimer (SpD) contact site of
      the alpha chain (the alpha I domain) were previously identified using limited
      tryptic digestion followed by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both are characterized by atypical
      peptide maps which reveal a marked decrease of the 80,000-dalton alpha I domain
      and a formation of new major peptides of either 74,000 (Sp alpha I/74) or 46,000
      (Sp alpha I/46) daltons. We now report a third variant of the spectrin alpha
      chain, designated Sp alpha I/65, in three unrelated black families. In all three
      probands, the percentage of SpD in the low ionic strength (O degrees C) membrane
      extracts was increased to 19% to 32%. One- and two-dimensional electrophoretic
      separations of limited tryptic digests of spectrin from all three probands
      revealed a decrease of the alpha I domain of spectrin and the concomitant
      appearance of peptides at 65,000 daltons and isoelectric points ranging from 5.2
      to 5.3. The abnormal 65,000-dalton peptides could be stained with an antiserum
      which had been raised against the alpha I domain, indicating that it was derived
      from the alpha I domain.

PMID- 4027385
TI  - Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia due to a new hexokinase variant with
      reduced stability.
AB  - A 27-year-old woman with severe chronic hemolytic anemia was found to have
      reduced red cell hexokinase activity when the degree of reticulocytosis was
      considered. This enzyme had normal pH-dependent activity, normal Km for glucose,
      fructose, and mannose, normal Km for Mg adenosine triphosphate (ATP)2- and Ki for
      glucose-1,6-diphosphate. Furthermore, the pH-dependence and orthophosphate
      dependence of Ki for glucose-1,6-diphosphate were normal. However, this
      hexokinase was inactivated rapidly at 44 degrees C. No abnormalities were found
      in the red cell hexokinase isozymic pattern when it was compared with the profile
      obtained from cells of similar age. The hexokinase specific activity was reduced
      in all the red blood cell fractions obtained by density gradient
      ultracentrifugation; a marked difference in the distribution of cells through the
      gradient was evident. Among the glycolytic intermediates, a significant decrease
      of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was evident. ATP and glucose 6-phosphate were also
      reduced when compared with cells of similar. Glucose consumption of the
      hexokinase-deficient cells decreased, but the rate of glucose metabolized through
      the hexose monophosphate shunt was unchanged. Although the total hexokinase
      activity in lymphocytes was only reduced by 37%, a marked hexokinase deficiency
      was detected in blood platelets (20% to 25% of normal activity). The parents and
      one of two siblings of the patient were heterozygous for the defect, with 66% to
      74% of normal erythrocyte hexokinase activity and reduced heat stability of the
      enzyme. These results, when compared with those obtained in previously reported
      cases of hexokinase deficiency, provide further evidence of the broad phenotypic
      variability that characterizes this disorder. Furthermore, it is suggested that
      failure of energy generation is probably the primary cause of hemolytic anemia in
      hexokinase deficiency.

PMID- 4027387
TI  - Diadenosine 5',5'''-p1,p4-tetraphosphate deficiency in blood platelets of the
      Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
AB  - Diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A) is an unusual nucleotide found in a variety of
      cells, including platelets. It has been suggested that platelet AP4A is stored in
      the dense granules and is metabolically inactive. We have studied the AP4A
      content of blood platelets in two patients and three cattle with Chediak-Higashi
      syndrome (CHS), a hereditary platelet defect with dense granule deficiency. Acid
      soluble extractions of whole blood and platelets were neutralized. The adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) level was measured by luminescence technique. To measure the
      AP4A content, the neutralized extract was treated with phosphomonoesterase for
      removal of ATP. The AP4A content was then measured by coupling the
      phosphodiesterase and luciferase reaction. The AP4A content was 0.43 nmol/mg
      protein for normal human platelets and 0.004 nmol/mg protein for CHS platelets.
      The ATP/AP4A ratio was 67 for normal and 3,023 for CHS platelets. The whole blood
      AP4A was reduced by 89% in CHS patients who had only a slight decrease in ATP
      level (26% reduction). Similarly, bovine platelets with CHS showed a marked
      decrease of AP4A content and a moderate reduction of the ATP level. The platelet
      ATP/AP4A ratio was 351 and 3,133 for normal and CHS cattle, respectively. Results
      demonstrate a marked reduction of AP4A in CHS platelets and suggest that AP4A may
      be a useful marker for the measurement of dense granule content in platelets.

PMID- 4027388
TI  - In vitro megakaryocytopoiesis.

PMID- 4027389
TI  - Lectin agglutinability of the human hematopoietic stem cell.

PMID- 4027390
TI  - Progressive involution and physiological death of smooth muscle cells of rat
      incisal arterioles.
AB  - The sequential morphology of vascular smooth muscle cell involution and
      physiological cell death was studied by electron microscopy on rat incisors.
      Concurrently with changes in the pulp of the continuously growing incisor, its
      arterioles pass through a cycle of growth, remodeling, regression and decay.
      During the cycle, smooth muscle cells of the arterioles were observed to involute
      by segregation of cytoplasmic components, formation of autophagic and digestive
      vacuoles and shedding of cell fragments. Phagocytic vacuoles were found in
      neighbouring muscle cells and in adventitious macrophages. Concomitant with the
      involution in some cells, physiological death was observed among other smooth
      muscle cells. This appears as an apoptosis with sequential transformations of
      polyribosomes into monoribosomes, nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation, and
      finally fragmentation followed by phagocytosis mainly by adventitious
      macrophages. Knowledge of the features of physiological involution and cell death
      of the vascular smooth muscle cells may be of importance not only in studies of
      functional remodeling and adaption, but also in the interpretation of vascular
      lesions.

PMID- 4027391
TI  - Reactivity of small vessels from mature to senescent female rabbits.
AB  - In order to determine if there are differences in reactivity of small arteries of
      cutaneous and skeletal muscle vascular beds taken from rabbits of different ages,
      vascular smooth muscle strips were tested in vitro with a variety of drugs.
      Arteries from the ear and hind limb skeletal muscle were removed from adult
      female rabbits, aged 6-48 months. Developed force of the vessel strips was
      measured during exposure to cumulative concentrations of norepinephrine,
      norepinephrine following propranolol, angiotensin II (skeletal muscle artery
      only) and histamine (ear artery only). Comparable segments of arteries from
      rabbits of different ages showed no significant differences in size or in maximum
      developed force attributable to age. A lack of beta-adrenoceptor activity was
      indicated in the ear arteries of all adult age groups studied, while propranolol
      enhanced contractile responses to norepinephrine in skeletal muscle arteries
      independent of age. Likewise, there were no consistent, age-related changes in
      the reactivity of either vessel type to norepinephrine, histamine, or
      angiotensin. This study indicates that small cutaneous and skeletal muscle
      arteries from mature female rabbits do not undergo any appreciable change in
      adrenergic and nonadrenergic sensitivity with age.

PMID- 4027392
TI  - Altered catecholamine contents in vascular and nonvascular tissues in genetically
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - We have measured the catecholamine (CA) contents in hearts, mesenteric
      vasculature, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, vasa deferentia and salivary
      glands from genetically hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Kyoto-Wistar
      rats (WKY). We noted differences between the norepinephrine (NE) contents of
      individual tissues from SHR and WKY rats and have used two different analytical
      procedures for the measurement of NE to confirm these differences. Comparisons
      between tissue contents of NE in SHR and WKY rats indicated a greater content of
      NE in the following tissues from the SHR: heart, mesenteric artery, abdominal
      aorta, inferior vena cava and vasa deferentia. A modest elevation of NE [but not
      epinephrine (E)] was observed in adrenal glands from SHR rats. The NE contents of
      salivary glands from SHR and WKY rats were indistinguishable from each other. The
      results suggest that there may exist a generalized increase in NE contents in the
      peripheral vasculature of SHR rats. Furthermore, this increase is also present in
      the vasa deferentia, but not the salivary gland. The results draw attention to
      altered concentrations of NE in vascular and selected nonvascular tissues in the
      SHR.

PMID- 4027394
TI  - Strategies to identify or prevent drug resistance in cancer. A panel discussion.

PMID- 4027393
TI  - Antiestrogen action in breast cancer cells: modulation of proliferation and
      protein synthesis, and interaction with estrogen receptors and additional
      antiestrogen binding sites.
AB  - Antiestrogens have proven to be effective in controlling the growth of hormone
      responsive breast cancers. At the concentrations of antiestrogens achieved in the
      blood of breast cancer patients taking antiestrogens (up to 2 X 10(-6) M),
      antiestrogens selectively inhibit the proliferation of estrogen receptor
      containing breast cancer cells, and this inhibition is reversible by estradiol.
      Antiestrogens also inhibit estrogen-stimulation of several specific protein
      synthetic activities in breast cancer cells, including increases in plasminogen
      activator activity, progesterone receptor levels and production of several
      secreted glycoproteins and intracellular proteins. Antiestrogens bind with high
      affinity to the estrogen receptor and to additional microsomal binding sites to
      which estrogens do not bind. These latter sites, called antiestrogen binding
      sites (AEBS), are present in equal concentrations in estrogen receptor-positive
      and -negative breast cancer cells and are present in a wide variety of tissues,
      with highest concentrations being found in the liver. The antiestrogenic and
      growth suppressive potencies of a variety of antiestrogens correlate best with
      their affinity for estrogen receptor and not with affinity for AEBS.
      Antiestrogens undergo bioactivation and metabolism in vivo and hydroxylated forms
      of the antiestrogen have markedly enhanced affinities for the estrogen receptor.
      Detailed studies with high affinity radiolabelled antiestrogens indicate that
      antiestrogens induce important conformational changes in receptor that are
      reflected in the enhanced maintenance of a 5 S form of the estrogen receptor
      complex; reduced interaction with DNA; and altered activation and dissociation
      kinetics of the antiestrogen-estrogen receptor complex. These conformational
      changes effected by antiestrogens likely result in different interactions with
      chromatin, causing altered cell proliferation and protein synthesis. Analyses of
      the rates of synthesis and turnover of the estrogen receptor through pulse-chase
      experiments utilizing the covalently attaching antiestrogen, tamoxifen aziridine,
      and studies employing dense amino acid labeling of estrogen receptor reveal that
      the antiestrogen-occupied receptor is degraded at a rate (t 1/2 = 4 h) similar to
      that of the control unoccupied receptor. Hence, antiestrogens do not prevent
      estrogen receptor synthesis and they do not either accelerate or block estrogen
      receptor degradation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4027395
TI  - Tissue mast cells in breast cancer.
AB  - The total number of mast cells and the number of such cells observed within and
      at the periphery of invasive breast cancers from 424 patients enrolled in
      protocol 4 of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project were correlated with
      38 other pathologic and 6 clinical features. High total mast cell counts as well
      as those within and at the periphery of the cancers were found to be
      significantly (p less than or equal to .05) associated with a patient age less
      than 50 years and the degree of tumor lymphoid cell reaction. The latter has also
      been found to be related to young age and other pathologic characteristics
      related to mast cell content. This suggests that the mast cells may simply
      represent another cell type of this reactive change. No differences in 10 year
      disease-free survival were detected in patients without mast cells and those
      exhibiting varying numbers of such cells. This information indicates that
      identifiable mast cells do not represent a prognostic pathologic discriminant in
      patients with breast cancer. However, this does not unequivocally exclude a role
      of mast cell secretory products, since only intact and not degranulated or
      disrupted forms of these cells can be counted.

PMID- 4027396
TI  - Prognostic implication of estrogen receptor content in breast cancer.
AB  - The cytosolic estrogen receptor (ER) content of the primary tumor was determined
      by isoelectric focusing in 170 consecutive women with unilateral breast cancer
      diagnosed in 1977 through 1980. No adjuvant treatment over and above surgery and
      radiotherapy was given. The overall corrected survival was not significantly (p
      greater than 0.05) higher in ER-rich (less than 0.1 nmol/g DNA) than in ER-poor
      tumors, but the median period from recurrence to death was longer in the former
      (16 months) than in the latter (10 months) group. The difference in disease-free
      survival (DFS) in favour of the ER-rich tumors achieved its maximum-about 15%
      after two years (p less than 0.01). At prolonged follow-up, however, the curves
      converged and there was no significant difference when the whole six year period
      of observation was taken into account. In patients without axillary metastases
      the same pattern emerged, with earlier recurrences in ER-poor tumors and a
      difference in DFS between the two ER groups at two years (p less than 0.01) which
      was diminished after five years (p less than 0.05). The ER content provided no
      significant prognostic information in patients with axillary node metastases or
      locally advanced disease. We conclude from the present and other available data
      that the ER content in breast cancer would seem to be an indicator of growth rate
      rather than of metastatic potential and accordingly a predictor of the pattern of
      recurrence and length of disease-free survival rather than of long-term survival.

PMID- 4027397
TI  - Association of vaginal smear cytology with menstrual status in breast cancer.
AB  - The relationship of clinically defined menstrual categories and an independent
      measure of hormonal stimulation, maturation index of vaginal smear cytology, was
      studied. Analysis of 596 smears obtained at the time of breast cancer diagnosis
      revealed a statistically significant association between menstrual status and
      maturation index. However, within each menstrual group varying levels of
      maturation were noted. Estrogenic effect in the absence of exogenous hormone
      administration was found in 11% of patients following bilateral oophorectomy and
      among 24% of women whose natural menopause occurred 20 years or longer prior to
      diagnosis. Endogenous estrogen production appears to continue for many years
      among some women. Clinical factors such as obesity, diabetes and/or hypertension
      may stimulate high squamous maturation in some patients. Others of the same age
      and with similar clinical histories were found to have atrophic smears. The
      differences in maturation index may be due to individual variations in:
      endogenous hormone levels; sensitivity of the vaginal mucosa to similar hormonal
      stimuli; use of certain medications; or unidentified exogenous factors. The
      maturation index was found to be significantly associated with the following
      prognostic factors: weight relative to height, tumor size and estrogen receptor
      content of the primary tumor. These findings indicate that vaginal smear cytology
      may define specific subsets within menstrual categories which may be relevant to
      therapy and prognosis in breast cancer.

PMID- 4027398
TI  - Reversible cardiac arrhythmia in a breast cancer patient treated with recombinant
      alpha interferon.

PMID- 4027399
TI  - Lead concentrations in tissues of marsh birds: relationship of feeding habits and
      grit preference to spent shot ingestion.

PMID- 4027400
TI  - Nitrite exposure and respiration rates in fathead minnows.

PMID- 4027401
TI  - Responses of macrobenthos colonizing estuarine sediments contaminated with
      drilling mud containing diesel oil.

PMID- 4027402
TI  - Acute and chronic toxicity of technical picloram (4-amino-3,5,6
      trichloropicolinic acid) to Daphnia magna Straus.

PMID- 4027403
TI  - Percent mortalities and LC50 values for selected microcrustaceans exposed to
      Treflan, Cutrine-plus, and MSMA herbicides.

PMID- 4027404
TI  - Effects of ammonia on selected hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in mice.

PMID- 4027405
TI  - Inhibition of liver glycolysis in rats by dietary dichlone (2,3-dichloro-1,4
      naphthoquinone).

PMID- 4027406
TI  - Heavy metal concentrations in tissues of mink in Virginia.

PMID- 4027407
TI  - Heavy metal concentrations in municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge.

PMID- 4027409
TI  - Residues of cypermethrin in milk from cows wearing impregnated ear tags.

PMID- 4027410
TI  - Organochlorine residue levels in human milk from Baghdad.

PMID- 4027408
TI  - Removal of GC background interferences from reagents used in fumigant analysis.

PMID- 4027411
TI  - Sweat-patch test for monitoring pesticide absorption by airblast applicators.

PMID- 4027412
TI  - Factors influencing the high content of brominated trihalomethanes in Barcelona's
      water supply (Spain).

PMID- 4027413
TI  - Separating starvation losses from other early feeding fry mortality in steelhead
      trout Salmo gairdneri, chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and lake trout
      Salvelinus namaycush.

PMID- 4027414
TI  - Thermoregulation in a naturally oil-contaminated black-billed murre Uria aalge.

PMID- 4027415
TI  - Molt-inhibition in the crab Oziotelphusa senex senex following exposure to
      malathion and methyl parathion.

PMID- 4027416
TI  - Effects of monomethylhydrazine on selected species of marine diatoms.

PMID- 4027417
TI  - Purification and characterization of lead-induced zinc thionein in the liver of
      rats.

PMID- 4027418
TI  - Influence of dietary aflatoxin, zinc, and copper on bone size, organ weight, and
      body weight in hamsters and rats.

PMID- 4027419
TI  - Accumulation of methylmercury in the earthworm, Eisenia foetida, and its effect
      on regeneration.

PMID- 4027420
TI  - Heavy metal concentrations of duck tissues in relation to ingestion of spent
      shot.

PMID- 4027421
TI  - Changes in eggshell thickness during incubation: implications for evaluating the
      impact of organochlorine contaminants on productivity.

PMID- 4027422
TI  - Tissue distribution of trace elements and DDE in brown pelicans.

PMID- 4027423
TI  - Use of tree bark to monitor radionuclide pollution.

PMID- 4027424
TI  - House treatment with organochlorine pesticides and their levels in human milk-
      Perth, Western Australia.

PMID- 4027425
TI  - Dislodgeable residues of carbophenothion in Florida citrus: implications for safe
      worker reentry.

PMID- 4027426
TI  - Preliminary evaluation of the use of macrophage aggregates (MA) as fish health
      monitors.

PMID- 4027427
TI  - Renal pathology in fish (Puntius conchonius Ham.) following exposure to acutely
      lethal and sublethal concentrations of monocrotophos.

PMID- 4027428
TI  - Effect of aniline on Chlorella vulgaris.

PMID- 4027429
TI  - Genotoxic activity of particulate material in petroleum refinery effluents.

PMID- 4027430
TI  - Application of acute bioassays in evaluating the treatment of coal liquefaction
      wastewaters.

PMID- 4027431
TI  - Multivariate analysis of water contamination by heavy metals at Donana National
      Park.

PMID- 4027432
TI  - Brominated phenols and anisoles in river and marine sediments in Japan.

PMID- 4027434
TI  - The lung in growth and ageing. 19th annual congress of the European Society for
      Clinical Respiratory Physiology (SEPCR). The Hague, 24-28 June 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4027433
TI  - Movement of bromacil and norflurazon in a sandy soil in Florida.

PMID- 4027435
TI  - Study of age dependent half-life of iodine in man: a reinforcement-depletion urn
      model.

PMID- 4027436
TI  - Polynucleotide evolution and branching processes.

PMID- 4027437
TI  - Fractals and the analysis of growth paths.

PMID- 4027438
TI  - Depolarized potassium currents and time delay in nerve membrane.

PMID- 4027439
TI  - Practical aspects of the instrumental management of tinnitus.

PMID- 4027440
TI  - The Crown-Crisp Experiential Index in patients complaining of tinnitus.
AB  - The Crown-Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI) was administered to 472 patients
      complaining of tinnitus who took part in a multi-centre study on tinnitus masking
      (Hazell et al., 1985). This inventory includes scales of anxiety, phobic anxiety,
      obsessionality, somatic anxiety, depression and hysteria. The scores on the CCEI
      scales for patients with and without 'dizziness' as an additional symptom were
      compared. In the non-dizzy patients, scores on the anxiety and depression scales
      were consistently elevated compared with the published normative values. In the
      dizzy patients scores on all scales except Hysteria were elevated. The most
      pronounced and consistent difference between the dizzy and non-dizzy patients was
      in the Somatic Anxiety scale. The presence of dizziness also obscured the
      relationship between the CCEI scales and measures of tinnitus. In contrast,
      however, hearing disability did not appear to influence the results.

PMID- 4027441
TI  - Health care machine-readable data files: secondary analysis, access, and the role
      of the library.
AB  - Access to health care machine-readable data files (MRDF) is becoming increasingly
      important to students and researchers in the health care field who use the data
      in secondary analysis. Health sciences libraries must play a role in providing
      such access, and this role should consist primarily in providing users with
      information about the identity and contents of available MRDF and about how they
      may be obtained. Libraries should therefore collect extensive materials
      containing information about the MRDF that may be of interest to their users.
      Many such materials are available in print, and their quality may be expected to
      improve as newly developed methods and procedures for constructing bibliographic
      citations, abstracts, and catalog entries for MRDF are put into practice. Also,
      it is now feasible to incorporate data file abstracts into existing online
      bibliographic databases.

PMID- 4027442
TI  - Bibliographic research and critical inquiry: a learning module for graduate
      students in health services administration.
AB  - Critical to the success of contemporary health administration practice is the
      ability to identify, access, synthesize, apply, and report information from a
      diversity of sources. To enhance the critical logic and bibliographic research
      skills of first-semester graduate students in health services administration, a
      fifteen-hour learning module was collaboratively developed and integrated into a
      required course on health care organization. Reference librarians and health
      administration faculty participate to provide both group and individual
      instruction.

PMID- 4027443
TI  - Program planning for the community teaching hospital medical library.
AB  - To respond to the increasing demand for information from medical educators and
      clinicians and to persuade administrators to purchase the newly available
      microcomputer library systems, medical librarians in community teaching hospitals
      may find it useful to engage in intermediate term (for example, five-year)
      program planning. To increase the probability that the plan which emerges will be
      implemented, the planning process should fit the organizational nexus. Planning
      involves needs assessment, prioritized program elements, a written plan, and
      facilities planning (if applicable), which lead to program implementation.
      Components of a model program plan are presented.

PMID- 4027444
TI  - Getting started with electronic mail.
AB  - This paper gives suggestions to librarians on how to get started with electronic
      mail. It discusses the cost- and time-saving advantages of using electronic mail
      rather than TWX, United States mail, or telephones for communicating ILL requests
      and messages. For instance, preliminary cost data show that electronic mail is
      often half as expensive as TWX and costs no more than a 22 stamp. Key management
      concerns that must be considered when setting up electronic mail are discussed,
      including the need for subscribers to agree on one system. Also covered are the
      types of equipment that can be used with electronic mail, including print
      terminals.

PMID- 4027445
TI  - Implementing change: the installation of an integrated library system at UTHSCSA.
AB  - The implementation of the Library Information System (LIS) and the distributed
      PHILSOM system at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
      Library is described. These systems were installed over a ten-month period in
      1982-1983. Aspects of the implementation, including equipment, staffing,
      scheduling, data preparation, and public relations, are reviewed. Evaluation of
      LIS and its costs are discussed.

PMID- 4027446
TI  - A cooperative medical library/public library book sale: new avenue for marketing
      the academic health sciences library.

PMID- 4027447
TI  - British-U.S. job exchange.

PMID- 4027448
TI  - Differences between pastoral counseling and psychotherapy.

PMID- 4027450
TI  - New schistosomiasis control strategy endorsed.

PMID- 4027449
TI  - Availability and utilization of new medical technology in Mexico: results of a
      national study.

PMID- 4027451
TI  - Long-term storage of IgG and IgM on filter paper for use in parasitic disease
      seroepidemiology surveys.

PMID- 4027452
TI  - The seasonality of infant deaths due to diarrheal and respiratory diseases in
      southern Brazil, 1974-1978.

PMID- 4027453
TI  - Mixed rehydration.

PMID- 4027454
TI  - Perinatal care in six eastern Caribbean countries.

PMID- 4027455
TI  - Evaluation of chlorphoxim used against Anopheles albimanus on the south coast of
      Mexico: 2. Use of two curtain-trap techniques in a village-scale evaluation
      trial.

PMID- 4027456
TI  - Acute respiratory infections in children: possible control measures.

PMID- 4027457
TI  - Health services research in the Americas.

PMID- 4027458
TI  - Disaster assessment: the weak link in international relief efforts.

PMID- 4027459
TI  - WHO and UNICEF recommend new oral rehydration salts (ORS) formulation.

PMID- 4027461
TI  - Inhibition of tolbutamide metabolism by substituted imidazole drugs in vivo:
      evidence for a structure-activity relationship.
AB  - Tolbutamide has been used as a model drug for an examination of the effects of
      eleven substituted imidazole compounds on hepatic metabolism in vivo. The 1
      substituted compounds 1-methylimidazole, miconazole, clotrimazole and
      ketoconazole produced marked alterations in tolbutamide kinetics (increased half
      life, decreased clearance). However, if there was substitution in the 2-
      position, irrespective of a substituent on N-1, then the compound did not appear
      to inhibit metabolism (e.g. 2-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole,
      methimazole, metronidazole). The 4- substituted compounds, 4-methylimidazole and
      cimetidine were inhibitors. A structure-activity relationship for the inhibitory
      actions of the substituted imidazoles is thus evident in vivo.

PMID- 4027460
TI  - Effects on rabbit cardiac potentials of aprindine and indecainide, a new
      antiarrhythmic agent, in normoxia and hypoxia.
AB  - Intracellular potentials were recorded from rabbit atria, cardiac Purkinje cells
      and papillary muscles before and after exposure to various concentrations of
      indecainide. The effects of aprindine also were studied in the atrial
      preparations. Both drugs depressed the maximum rate of depolarization (MRD) in a
      dose-related manner, indecainide being approximately ten times more potent than
      aprindine. Aprindine caused a dose-related bradycardia, but indecainide had no
      significant effect on sinus node frequency. Indecainide had a dose-related
      negatively inotropic effect in normal, half-normal and twice-normal extracellular
      calcium concentrations. Indecainide shortened action potential duration (APD) in
      atrium and Purkinje cells but prolonged APD to 50% repolarization in ventricular
      muscle. The actions of indecainide were extremely persistent. No significant
      recovery of MRD was observed after pauses in stimulation of up to 16 s.
      Indecainide had no effect on effective refractory period (ERP) measured by
      interpolated premature stimuli. Indecainide is therefore categorized as a Class
      1c antiarrhythmic agent. The effects of both aprindine and indecainide on MRD
      were increased in hypoxic atria. Conduction velocity in hypoxic atria exposed to
      indecainide was greater than in controls, however, suggesting the possibility of
      improved cell-to-cell coupling.

PMID- 4027462
TI  - Mechanisms underlying electrical and mechanical responses of the bovine retractor
      penis to inhibitory nerve stimulation and to an inhibitory extract.
AB  - The response of the bovine retractor penis (BRP) to stimulation of non
      adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory nerves and to an inhibitory extract
      prepared from this muscle have been studied using intracellular microelectrode,
      sucrose gap and conventional mechanical recording techniques. Both inhibitory
      nerve stimulation and inhibitory extract hyperpolarized the membrane potential
      and relaxed spontaneous or guanethidine (3 X 10(-5) M)-induced tone. These
      effects were accompanied by an increase in membrane resistance. Following
      membrane potential displacement from an average value of -53 +/- 7 mV (n = 184;
      Byrne & Muir, 1984) inhibitory potentials to nerve stimulation were abolished at
      approximately -30 mV; there was no evidence of reversal. Displacement by inward
      hyperpolarizing current over the range -45 to -60 mV increased the inhibitory
      response to nerve stimulation and to inhibitory extract; at more negative
      potential values (above approximately -60 mV) the inhibitory potential decreased
      and was abolished (approximately -103 mV). There was no evidence of reversal.
      Removal of [K+]o reversibly reduced hyperpolarization to nerve stimulation and
      inhibitory extract. No enhancement was observed. Increasing the [K+]o to 20 mM
      reduced the inhibitory potential to nerve stimulation but this was restored by
      passive membrane hyperpolarization. Inhibitory potentials were obtained at
      membrane potential values exceeding that of the estimated EK (-49 mV). [Cl-]o
      free or [Cl-]o-deficient solutions reduced and abolished (after some 20-25 min)
      the hyperpolarization produced by inhibitory nerve stimulation or inhibitory
      extract. The inhibitory potential amplitude following nerve stimulation was not
      restored by passive displacement of the membrane potential from -26 to -104 mV
      approximately. Ouabain (1-5 X 10(-5) M) reduced then (45-60 min later) abolished
      the inhibitory potential to nerve stimulation. The effects of this drug on the
      extract were not investigated. It is concluded that the inhibitory response to
      nerve stimulation and extract in the BRP may involve several ionic species.
      However, unlike that in gastrointestinal muscles the NANC response in the BRP is
      accompanied by an increased membrane resistance and does not primarily involve
      K+. The underlying mechanisms for the inhibitory response to both NANC nerve
      stimulation and inhibitory extract appear to be similar, compatible with the view
      that the latter may contain the inhibitory transmitter released from these nerves
      in this tissue.

PMID- 4027463
TI  - Effects of caffeine on hippocampal pyramidal cells in vitro.
AB  - The effects of caffeine on the electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal
      neurones were investigated in the rat hippocampal slice preparation in vitro. A
      concentration-dependent increase in both the extracellularly recorded excitatory
      postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) and the population spike resulting from
      stimulation of the stratum radiatum could be evoked by caffeine with a threshold
      concentration of 10 microM. Intracellular recordings demonstrate a caffeine
      evoked decrease in resting membrane potential, an increase in input resistance, a
      reduction of the long afterhyperpolarization (a.h.p.) and a decrease in
      accommodation. The interaction between caffeine and adenosine was investigated on
      the extracellularly recorded e.p.s.p. The maximal response evoked by caffeine was
      increased in the presence of adenosine and the adenosine concentration-response
      curve was shifted to the right in a parallel fashion in the presence of caffeine.
      It is suggested that the effects of caffeine on hippocampal neurones may be
      mediated by a decrease of one or more potassium conductance(s), and that
      adenosine and caffeine may compete for the same electrophysiologically active
      receptor site on these cells.

PMID- 4027464
TI  - Ketamine-inhibition of calcium-induced contractions in depolarized rat uterus: a
      comparison with other calcium antagonists.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of the intravenous anaesthetic ketamine on CaCl2-induced
      contractions in the isolated K+-depolarized uterus of the rat in Ca2+-free medium
      was compared with that produced by papaverine, theophylline and the calcium entry
      blocker verapamil. Pre-incubation for 20 min with either ketamine (0.3 to 3 mM),
      papaverine (3 to 30 microM), theophylline (0.1 to 1 mM) or verapamil (3 to 30 nM)
      induced parallel, concentration-dependent rightward displacements of the dose
      response curves to Ca2+ (0.04 to 22 mM). The antagonism was competitive, except
      that due to verapamil, the Schild plot for which yielded a slope which differed
      significantly from unity. The calculated pA2 values (+/- s.e.mean) were: ketamine
      3.90 +/- 0.07; papaverine 5.55 +/- 0.05; theophylline 3.99 +/- 0.1 and verapamil
      9.54 +/- 0.24. These drugs differed in their ability to relax the sustained
      contraction induced by Ca2+ (1 mM) in K+-depolarizing solution. Ketamine and
      verapamil relaxed the preparation in a concentration-dependent manner whereas
      theophylline and especially papaverine were less potent and induced only partial
      maximal relaxation. The t1/2 of the relaxant effect was significantly less for
      ketamine than for verapamil (5 and 22 min, respectively). Only ketamine produced
      a relaxation comparable to that obtained by washing the preparation with Ca2+
      free solution (t1/2 = approx. 5 min). Prior exposure of the depolarized uterine
      strip to a low concentration of Ca2+ (0.22 mM) increased the potency of ketamine,
      but decreased that of papaverine and theophylline, in antagonizing Ca2+ induced
      contractions. In contrast, this procedure did not affect the potency of
      verapamil. 5 The inhibitory effects of these drugs, excluding those of verapamil,
      were completely reversed after washing the preparations with a high-potassium
      Ca2+-free solution, 3-5 times for about 30-60 min. 6 These experiments provide
      further evidence that the relaxant effect produced by ketamine on the rat
      isolated uterus is due to its ability to antagonize Ca2+ movements competitively
      and also show that there are marked differences between the nature of the
      relaxant effects of ketamine and those of papaverine, theophylline and verapamil.

PMID- 4027465
TI  - Age-related changes in the sensitivity to verapamil and sodium nitroprusside of
      vascular smooth muscle of rabbit aorta.
AB  - Age-related changes in the sensitivity to verapamil and sodium nitroprusside were
      examined in isolated aortic strips of the rabbit. In the aortae of newborn
      rabbits within 10 days of birth, the resting tone of the muscle was strongly
      reduced by sodium nitroprusside but not by either Ca-deficient solution or by
      verapamil. High K-induced contraction and noradrenaline-induced contraction were
      both inhibited by verapamil or sodium nitroprusside. In the aortae of 24 day-old
      rabbits, resting tension was slightly reduced by sodium nitroprusside but not by
      verapamil. High K-induced contraction was less sensitive to sodium nitroprusside
      than to verapamil whereas noradrenaline-induced contraction was less sensitive to
      verapamil than to sodium nitroprusside. In the aortae isolated from 60 day-old or
      older rabbits, resting tension was not affected by either sodium nitroprusside or
      verapamil. High K-induced contraction was inhibited by verapamil whereas sodium
      nitroprusside showed only a weak inhibitory effect. Noradrenaline-induced
      contraction was inhibited by sodium nitroprusside although verapamil had only a
      slight inhibitory effect. In the aortae of 1 day-old and also in adult rabbits,
      noradrenaline induced an additional increase in muscle tension when applied
      during the sustained contraction induced by high K. It is suggested that, in the
      newborn rabbit aorta, the voltage-dependent Ca channel is sensitive to both
      verapamil and sodium nitroprusside and the sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside
      gradually decreases during maturation whereas the receptor-linked Ca channel is
      also sensitive to both of the inhibitors at birth but the sensitivity to
      verapamil gradually decreases with age.

PMID- 4027466
TI  - Effects of pentobarbitone on acetylcholine-activated channels in mammalian
      muscle.
AB  - Acetylcholine-activated single channel currents were recorded from the
      extrajunctional region of chronically denervated skeletal muscle of the rat by
      the patch clamp technique. In control experiments, the cumulative open-time,
      closed-time and burst length distributions could be well described by the sum of
      two exponentials. Pentobarbitone decreased the mean open time and increased the
      time constant of the fast component of the closed time distribution. These
      effects increased with drug concentration. The mean burst length was relatively
      independent of pentobarbitone concentration over the range of concentrations used
      (10-500 microM). These observations are inconsistent with a simple sequential
      blocking model and it is suggested that pentobarbitone has an allosteric site of
      action on receptor-channel complexes that makes the open state less stable.

PMID- 4027467
TI  - Comparison of the antagonistic effects of phentolamine on vasoconstrictor
      responses to exogenous and neurally released noradrenaline in vivo.
AB  - The antagonistic effects of the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent phentolamine on
      vasoconstrictor responses to intraluminal noradrenaline and lumbar sympathetic
      nerve stimulation were compared in the hindlimb of the anaesthetized dog.
      Sympathetic stimulation with 1 pulse or trains of 4-10 pulses at 0.4-40 Hz
      produced graded vasoconstrictor responses that were matched in amplitude by intra
      arterial injections of 10(-8) - 10(-6) g noradrenaline. Phentolamine (0.5 mg kg-1
      i.v.) attenuated amplitude-matched responses to both types of stimuli to quite
      similar extents. The extent of the effect of phentolamine on neurogenic responses
      was greater with 1 pulse stimulation than with trains, and greater with 4 pulse
      than with 10 pulse trains. The effect was maximal within 2 min of phentolamine
      administration and wore off in parallel with that on responses to injected
      noradrenaline. The results are consistent with the view that transmitter released
      from noradrenergic vasoconstrictor nerves acts primarily on subjunctional alpha
      adrenoceptors.

PMID- 4027468
TI  - A comparison of several calcium antagonists on uterine, vascular and cardiac
      muscles from the rat.
AB  - An assessment was made of the potencies of nifedipine, gallopamil, diltiazem,
      cinnarizine and salbutamol as inhibitors of tension development by the uterus and
      cardiovascular tissues from the term pregnant rat. The rank order of potency was
      nifedipine greater than gallopamil greater than diltiazem for those preparations
      on which these compounds were potent, viz. spontaneous and oxytocin-induced
      tension development of the uterus, spontaneous tension development of hepatic
      portal vein, potassium chloride (KCl)-induced pressure rises of perfused
      mesenteric bed and electrically-stimulated (0.5 Hz) ventricular muscle. The rank
      order of potency of nifedipine, gallopamil and diltiazem was different for those
      preparations on which they exhibited low potency, viz. noradrenaline-induced
      pressure rises of perfused mesenteric bed and tension development of aorta.
      Gallopamil and diltiazem, but not nifedipine, were more potent against tension
      development by ventricular muscle stimulated at 2.5 Hz than at 0.5 Hz, suggesting
      that nifedipine interacts at a different site from the other compounds.
      Cinnarizine was less potent than the other calcium antagonists on the uterus and
      portal vein, was the second most potent compound against KCl-induced pressure
      rises of the mesenteric bed and was equipotent against responses to noradrenaline
      and KCl of the mesenteric bed (unlike the other compounds). This suggests that
      the site of action of cinnarizine differs from that of the other calcium
      antagonists. Nifedipine, gallopamil and diltiazem, like salbutamol, exhibited
      selectivity for inhibition of tension development by the uterus relative to the
      cardiovascular tissues.

PMID- 4027469
TI  - The potencies and selectivities of four calcium antagonists as inhibitors of
      uterine contractions in the rat in vivo.
AB  - The potencies of four calcium antagonists (nifedipine, gallopamil, verapamil and
      diltiazem) at inhibiting uterine contractions in vivo have been assessed in the
      conscious ovariectomized, post-partum rat. Their selectivities for this action,
      relative to their effects on blood pressure and heart rate, have been compared
      with salbutamol. All compounds produced a dose-dependent inhibition of intra
      uterine pressure cycles. The rank order of potency was salbutamol greater than
      nifedipine greater than diltiazem = gallopamil greater than verapamil. All
      compounds produced a dose-dependent fall of mean blood pressure. The rank order
      of potency was salbutamol greater than nifedipine greater than gallopamil greater
      than verapamil greater than diltiazem. Salbutamol and nifedipine produced a
      tachycardia, which was very marked with salbutamol. Gallopamil, verapamil and
      diltiazem induced a moderate tachycardia at low doses but temporary cessation of
      heart beat occurred at high doses. Nifedipine and diltiazem, like salbutamol,
      exhibited some selectivity for inhibition of uterine contractions relative to
      their cardiovascular actions. Gallopamil and verapamil showed no selectivity for
      the uterus.

PMID- 4027470
TI  - Quantification of the characteristics of antagonists exhibiting both competitive
      antagonism and functional interaction.
AB  - Null equations have been derived which, when applied to log10 concentration
      tissue state curves for an agonist determined in the presence and absence of a
      competitive antagonist which also exhibits functional interaction, allow
      quantitation of the characteristics of the competitive and functional interactant
      effects. Both the affinity constant of the antagonist for its receptors and
      numerical values characterizing the functional interaction can be obtained. The
      null equations have been tested in a model system by using a mixture of
      papaverine hydrochloride (either 5 or 20 microM) and methyl atropine bromide (10
      nM) to mimic a competitive antagonist which also shows functional interaction.
      Agreement between values derived directly and indirectly from the model is good
      and validates the use of the null equations.

PMID- 4027471
TI  - Effect of exposure to radiation on the inflammatory process and its influence by
      diclofenac.
AB  - The effect of radiation exposure on the inflammatory process was studied in rats
      using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema and adjuvant-induced arthritis tests.
      Irradiation (0.5,1 and 2 Grays) resulted in a significant augmentation of the
      tissue response to carrageenan and the early phase of adjuvant-induced arthritis,
      but suppressed the late phase. Diclofenac (1-5 mg kg-1) effectively reduced the
      exaggerated inflammatory response in irradiated animals in both the carrageenan
      paw oedema and adjuvant-induced arthritis tests. The drug also had a prophylactic
      value in guarding against the induction of radiation damage. The inflammatory
      responses produced by irradiation and the benefits obtained by drug treatment may
      be related to changes in tissue prostaglandin levels and/or changes in the immune
      system.

PMID- 4027473
TI  - Histamine is an antagonist of the acetylcholine receptor at the frog endplate.
AB  - The effects of histamine on the acetylcholine (ACh) receptor-channel complex were
      examined by means of voltage-clamp at the frog endplate. ACh was ionophoretically
      applied to the endplate. Histamine was added to the perfusate. Histamine (100 nM 
      1 mM) reversibly depressed the peak amplitude of the ACh-induced inward current
      in a dose-dependent manner. The double reciprocal plot of the dose-response
      relationship between the peak ACh current and the amount of ACh applied suggested
      that histamine (100 microM) depressed the ACh-induced current in a competitive
      manner. Histamine prevented the specific ACh binding site within the receptor
      channel complex from binding erabutoxin, a sea-snake venom, which binds
      irreversibly to the specific ACh binding site. Histamine had no detectable
      effects on the equilibrium potential of the endplate current but shortened the
      half-decay time of the endplate current in a voltage-dependent manner. It was
      therefore concluded that histamine blocks not only the specific ACh binding site
      but also interacts with the ACh-channel site. The present experiments strongly
      suggest that histamine can act as an antagonist to modulate nicotinic cholinergic
      transmission.

PMID- 4027474
TI  - Modification of vasopressin- and angiotensin II- induced changes by calcium
      antagonists in the peripheral circulation of anaesthetized rabbits.
AB  - Investigations into the site of vasodilator and antivasoconstrictor activity of
      calcium antagonists previously performed in cats were extended to a second
      species, barbiturate-anaesthetized rabbits, and a second vasoconstrictor agent,
      vasopressin. The dihydropyridine derivative darodipine (code name PY 108-068; 10,
      30 and 100 micrograms kg-1 i.v.) showed systemic haemodynamic effects comparable
      to those seen in cats at half these doses. Darodipine effected regional
      vasodilatation (measured with tracer microspheres) in the heart, brain and
      skeletal muscles as in cats. Only the vessels of the adrenals (dilated in rabbits
      but not in cats), and the kidneys and skin (constricted in rabbits but not in
      cats) responded differently to darodipine. Angiotensin II (A II; 0.15 and 1.5
      micrograms kg-1 min-1) constricted the same vascular beds in rabbits as in cats,
      namely the heart, kidneys, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, skin and arterio
      venous shunts (inferred from microspheres reaching the lungs), the only
      exceptions being the vessels of the stomach and liver (constriction only in cats)
      and the adrenals (constriction only in rabbits). Darodipine (30 and 100
      micrograms kg-1) attenuated the A II-induced vasoconstriction in the same
      vascular beds in rabbits as in cats including the kidneys, which were constricted
      after administration of the antagonist alone. These results indicate surprisingly
      small species differences for the vasodilator effects of darodipine as well as
      the attenuation of the vasoconstrictor effects of A II. Lysine-vasopressin (2 and
      50 mu kg-1 min-1) did not increase blood pressure in anaesthetized rabbits but
      dose-dependently lowered heart rate, cardiac output, total peripheral conductance
      and myocardial contractile force (measured with a strain gauge). Vasopressin
      constricted all peripheral vascular beds dose-dependently, except for those of
      the kidney and liver. The effects of vasopressin persisted in the animals infused
      with placebo solution. Darodipine (30 and 100 micrograms kg-1), but not verapamil
      (300 and 1000 micrograms kg-1) reversed the vasopressin-induced cardiac
      depression and decrease in cardiac output. This probably also explains most of
      the apparent differences between the effects of the two calcium antagonists on
      the peripheral circulation. Both calcium antagonists diminished the vasopressin
      constriction in most vascular beds except those of the spleen, skin and arterio
      venous shunts. Most of the effects were dose-related but not strictly
      competitive, as far as this can be judged based on two doses of agonist and
      antagonist. 9 As with A II the effects of vasopressin were diminished in vascular
      beds not normally dilated by calcium antagonists. 10 Calcium antagonists display
      two typical patterns of activity. The vasodilator pattern consists of dilatation
      of the vesels of the heart, brain and, to a degree varying with the agents,
      skeletal muscle. The antivasoconstrictor effects occur in some but not all of the
      vessels constricted by the constrictor agent, vasoconstriction of the spleen,
      skin and arterio-venous shunts being resistant to the action of calcium
      antagonists. The pattern of antivasoconstrictor activity appears to depend on the
      constrictor compound used, inasmuch as such agents constrict different vascular
      beds.

PMID- 4027472
TI  - Comparison of negative inotropic potency, reversibility, and effects on calcium
      influx of six calcium channel antagonists in cultured myocardial cells.
AB  - The negative inotropic effects of calcium channel antagonists on the myocardium
      were used as a standard for the definition and determination of potency of this
      group of drugs. The effects of six calcium channel antagonists (verapamil,
      methoxyverapamil (D600), nifedipine, lidoflazine, perhexiline and diltiazem) were
      compared on cultured chick embryo ventricular cells. Drug concentrations
      producing 50% inhibition of contractile amplitude, derived from linearized
      concentration-response curves, varied from 2.8 X 10(-8)M for nifedipine to 8.3 X
      10(-7)M for perhexiline. Equipotent negative inotropic concentrations of
      verapamil, D600, perhexiline, diltiazem and lidoflazine produced a similar
      inhibitory effect on 45Ca uptake into cultured cells. Nifedipine produced no
      significant inhibition of 45Ca uptake. The time required for recovery of
      contractility after cessation of drug superfusion varied in the order lidoflazine
      greater than perhexiline greater than D600 greater than verapamil greater than
      nifedipine greater than diltiazem. This relative order accords closely with the
      reported in vivo half-lives of these drugs. It is concluded that while some
      inhibition of 45Ca2+ uptake into cardiac cells can be demonstrated with five of
      the six calcium channel blockers studied, the relationship between the degree of
      inhibition of calcium influx and negative inotropic effects may not be uniform
      for all calcium channel antagonists.

PMID- 4027475
TI  - Effect of verapamil and diltiazem on calcium-dependent electrical activity in
      cardiac Purkinje fibres.
AB  - The effects of verapamil and diltiazem on normal action potentials, abnormal
      automaticity at depolarized membrane potential and oscillatory afterpotentials
      were compared in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres. Concentrations of verapamil and
      diltiazem exerting the same action on abnormal automaticity due to slow action
      potentials, caused different effects on action potential characteristics and on
      oscillatory afterpotentials. Diltiazem significantly shortened action potential
      duration whereas verapamil slightly lengthened it (NS). Diltiazem appeared to be
      more effective than verapamil in preventing the development of oscillatory
      afterpotentials induced by barium or by strophanthidin. In 50% of barium-treated
      preparations, verapamil caused the appearance of spontaneous activity due to
      enhanced normal diastolic depolarization, while diltiazem had no such effect. The
      observed differences were explained in terms of the different effects of the two
      drugs on currents other than the slow inward current, since diltiazem was more
      potent than verapamil in depressing Vmax.

PMID- 4027476
TI  - Regional variation in the sensitivity of longitudinal smooth muscle to histamine
      at H1-receptors in guinea-pig ileum and colon.
AB  - The sensitivity of the distal ileum, proximal colon, medial colon, and distal
      colon of the guinea-pig to histamine has been evaluated. The rank order of
      sensitivity was ileum greater than medial colon greater than proximal colon
      approximately equal to distal colon. The mean -logEC50 values at receptors in the
      ileum, medial, proximal, and distal colon were 6.74, 6.18, 5.79, and 5.72,
      respectively. The apparent dissociation constant for the interaction of histamine
      with receptors in the various regions was determined. The -log Kd values at
      receptors in the ileum, proximal colon, medial colon, and distal colon were 4.68,
      4.65, 4.62, and 4.44, respectively. The mean apparent -log Kd values for the
      antagonism of histamine by mepyramine were 9.0, 9.0, 9.1, and 8.9 for receptors
      on the ileum, proximal, medial, and distal colon, respectively. The results of
      these experiments provide no evidence that histamine receptors in the colon are
      distinguishable from H1-receptors as characterized on the ileum. The differences
      in sensitivity to histamine in the various regions of the intestine may be due to
      differences in the density of H1-receptors.

PMID- 4027477
TI  - The effect of diltiazem on noradrenaline release.
AB  - The effects of diltiazem in rat tail arteries and guinea-pig vasa deferentia have
      been investigated. Superfusion of the rat tail artery with diltiazem (10(-6) -
      10(-4) M) resulted in a dose-related increase in 3H-overflow (P less than 0.001)
      both in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Release
      of 3H by transmural stimulation (1 Hz, 2 ms, 10 V) was also much greater in
      vessels perfused with diltiazem; this effect was dose-dependent. Diltiazem did
      not significantly alter the proportion of noradrenaline and its metabolites in 3H
      overflow, as analysed by column chromatography. In the vasa deferentia of guinea
      pigs, diltiazem (10(-9) - 10(-5) M) increased spontaneous 3H-release. The results
      indicate that diltiazem acts on sympathetic nerves and causes the release of
      noradrenaline.

PMID- 4027478
TI  - The mechanism of adenosine release from hypoxic rat liver cells.
AB  - Uptake of [14C]-adenosine into freshly dispersed rat hepatocytes was inhibited
      44% by dipyridamole (50 microM) and 60% by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI, 20
      microM). The results are consistent with the known ability of these drugs to
      inhibit adenosine transport in other cell types. The nucleotide analogue, alpha,
      beta-methylene adenosine diphosphate (AOPCP, 50 microM), inhibited by 84% the
      degradation of exogenous 5' AMP that occurred rapidly when this substrate alone
      was presented to isolated hepatocytes. This confirms the ecto-5'-nucleotidase
      inhibitory properties of this analogue in isolated hepatocytes. During hypoxic
      incubation, isolated hepatocytes released adenosine, which accumulated in the
      extracellular volume. Dipyridamole and NBTI each markedly attenuated this
      extracellular adenosine accumulation. In contrast, AOPCP had no inhibitory effect
      on net hypoxic adenosine release. It is concluded that hypoxic rat hepatocytes
      produce adenosine intracellularly and that this adenosine is released via
      facilitated diffusion to the extracellular space, based on the inhibition
      observed with the transport inhibitors. The plasma membrane enzyme ecto-5'
      nucleotidase does not appear to participate in hypoxic adenosine release from
      these cells as indicated by the lack of effect of the nucleotidase inhibitor,
      AOPCP.

PMID- 4027480
TI  - No inotropic action of enkephalins or enkephalin derivatives on electrically
      stimulated atria isolated from lean and obese rats.
AB  - Inotropic actions of the endogenous enkephalins, leucine enkephalin [( Leu]
      enkephalin) and methionine enkephalin [( Met] enkephalin), and derivatives, [D
      Ala2-methionine] enkephalinamide (DAMEA) and [D Ala2-leucine]enkephalinamide
      (DALEA) were tested, alone or in combination with noradrenaline (NA), (+/-)
      isoprenaline or carbachol, on electrically-stimulated atria excised from Sprague
      Dawley, fatty, Zucker (fa/fa) and lean, hooded heterozygous (Fa/fa) rats. [Met]
      enkephalin, [Leu] enkephalin, DAMEA and DALEA (4 X 10(-7)M to 4 X 10(-4)M) caused
      no significant changes in atrial tension in any group compared to pre-injection
      control values or those following the infusion of Krebs-Henseleit control
      solution. NA and isoprenaline (10(-7) to 10(-6)M) caused significant, dose
      related increases in atrial tension in each of the three strains of rats tested
      with the Fa/fa group showing the greatest change and fastest rate of tension
      development. [Met] enkephalin, [Leu] enkephalin, DAMEA or DALEA (4 X 10(-6)M)
      infused concurrently with NA or isoprenaline (10(-6)M) evoked atrial tension
      changes within each group that were not different from those observed when NA or
      isoprenaline was administered alone. Carbachol (10(-9) and 10(-8)M) caused a dose
      related decrease (10% and 30-40%, respectively, from pre-injection control
      values) in atrial tension in auricles excised from all three groups. Again,
      infusion of [Met] enkephalin, [Leu] enkephalin, DAMEA or DALEA (4 X 10(-6)M)
      together with carbachol (10(-8)M) did not affect atrial tension changes of
      auricles isolated from any group compared to when carbachol was given alone. The
      results indicate that the endogenous pentapeptides, [( Met] or [Leu] enkephalin),
      or derivatives (DAMEA and DALEA) do not affect atrial tension of electrically
      stimulated auricles isolated from Sprague-Dawley, fa/fa or Fa/fa rats. In
      addition, these pentapeptides do not modify the positive inotropic actions of NA
      or isoprenaline or the negative inotropic effects of carbachol. It is suggested
      that in vivo, the enkephalins or enkephalin derivatives do not have a direct
      action on the heart to alter myocardial contractility.

PMID- 4027479
TI  - Mode of stimulatory actions of cadmium ion on the mouse diaphragm.
AB  - Effects of Cd2+ on the phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation of the mouse varied
      markedly in media containing various Ca2+ concentrations. In normal 2.5 mM Ca2+
      medium, Cd2+ inhibited acetylcholine release from nerve endings without
      appreciable effect on the muscle membrane. However, Cd2+ elicited stimulatory
      effects on the muscle membrane in low Ca2+ medium (10(-3)-1 mM). These
      stimulatory effects included the induction of spontaneous contractions,
      augmentation of twitch responses to direct electrical stimulation and
      potentiation of the muscle contracture induced by acetylcholine, carbachol and
      high K+. By contrast, caffeine contracture was not affected by Cd2+.
      Tetrodotoxin, procaine, cysteine and glycerol pretreatment abolished these
      stimulatory effects of Cd2+. Moreover, changing the ionic composition of the
      bathing medium to one containing low Na+, high K+, high Mg2+ or high Ca2+ also
      antagonized these effects of Cd2+. In contrast, low Mg2+ markedly potentiated the
      frequency of spontaneous contractions induced by Cd2+. (+)-Tubocurarine and beta
      bungarotoxin had no effect on Cd2+-induced spontaneous contractions indicating
      that they may be myogenic rather than neurogenic in origin. By use of
      conventional microelectrodes, it was found that Cd2+ not only depolarized the
      muscle membrane but also induced spontaneous action potentials at a high
      frequency (173 +/- 17 Hz). It is concluded that increased Na+ permeability of the
      muscle membrane is the essential step bringing about spontaneous contractions.
      The binding of Cd2+ to -SH groups of the membrane is closely related to the
      induction of these effects.

PMID- 4027481
TI  - Response and sensitivity of guinea-pig airway muscle preparations to 5
      hydroxytryptamine during ontogenesis.
AB  - Responsiveness (g mm-2) and sensitivity (pD2 value) to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      were markedly reduced in isolated tracheal and bronchial tissues from guinea-pigs
      during ontogenesis. Responsiveness of the trachea to 5-HT was depressed much more
      than that to histamine. Airway preparations from young guinea-pigs of either sex
      always contracted when exposed to 5-HT, an effect that was blocked by
      methysergide. Airway muscle preparations from old animals exhibited a wide range
      of responses to 5-HT, namely, no effect, relaxation or contraction. The
      contractile effect of 5-HT in tracheal and bronchial preparations from old
      animals was always blocked by methysergide, whereas, the relaxant effect was not.
      These results indicate that there are significant alterations in the response to
      5-HT receptor stimulation in airway muscle preparations from guinea-pigs during
      ontogenesis.

PMID- 4027482
TI  - The effects of dopexamine on the cardiovascular system of the dog.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of dopexamine and dopamine were compared in the
      anaesthetized and conscious dog by the use of intravenous infusions over the dose
      range 3 X 10(-9) - 10(-7)mol kg-1 min-1. In the anaesthetized dog, dopexamine
      produced a dose-related fall in blood pressure due to peripheral vasodilatation
      and a small rise in heart rate and contractility. By contrast, dopamine did not
      significantly reduce blood pressure but produced a larger dose-related increase
      in contractility. At the highest infusion rate (10(-7)mol kg-1 min-1) blood
      pressure and heart rate were increased by dopamine. Dopexamine dilated the renal
      and mesenteric vascular beds with a potency similar to that of dopamine. Femoral
      vascular responses produced by both agents were inconsistent but the highest
      infusion rate of dopamine did produce vasoconstriction. With the aid of selective
      receptor antagonists (haloperidol, propranolol and bulbocapnine) the
      vasodepressor activity of dopexamine was shown to be mediated by stimulation of
      DA2-, beta- and DA1-receptors. The cardiac stimulation and renal vasodilatation
      produced by both compounds were due to stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors and DA1
      receptors respectively. In the conscious dog, intravenous infusion of dopexamine
      caused a dose-related fall in blood pressure, renal vasodilatation and an
      increase in cardiac contractility and heart rate. Dopamine also increased cardiac
      contractility, and renal blood flow due to renal vasodilatation but without
      affecting heart rate. At the highest infusion rate, blood pressure was increased.
      Dopexamine and dopamine produced a similar incidence of panting and repetitive
      licking at 3 X 10(-8)mol kg-1 min-1 and emesis at 10(-7)mol kg-1 min-1, due to
      stimulation of dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Dopexamine
      produces a different cardiovascular profile from dopamine in the anaesthetized
      and conscious dog. Both compounds reduce renal vascular resistance, but in
      contrast to dopamine, dopexamine reduces afterload and produces only mild
      inotropic stimulation. These differences reflect contrasting activity at
      adrenoceptors.

PMID- 4027485
TI  - Lateralization effects in reading pointed and unpointed Hebrew.
AB  - Hebrew has two forms of spelling, pointed and unpointed. In the pointed spelling,
      diacritical signs (pointing) are added to consonantal letters to convey vowel
      information. These are omitted in the unpointed spelling. Since pointing conveys
      information that is critical for the prelexical derivation of phonology, it was
      hypothesized that its absence would prove detrimental for left hemisphere (LH)
      but not for right hemisphere (RH) reading and that, for the former, pointing
      effects would increase with increasing word length. Three experiments, one
      involving lexical decision and two involving word pronunciation, yielded little
      support for these hypotheses; rather, pointing had an overall adverse effect on
      performance, and this effect tended to be more pronounced for LH reading. In
      general, however, the results indicated an LH advantage. Since for central vision
      pointing has been found to aid performance under similar conditions, the results
      were seen to suggest a distinction between the visual and the phonological
      effects of pointing: pointing may impair early stages of visual analysis but may
      aid in the derivation of speech codes.

PMID- 4027484
TI  - Solubilization and characterization of high and low affinity pirenzepine binding
      sites from rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - An apparently monomeric form of the digitonin-solubilized muscarinic
      acetylcholine receptor from the rat cerebral cortex retains a high affinity of 7
      X 10(7) M-1 for pirenzepine. Muscarinic receptor binding sites in the rat
      cerebral cortex with a low affinity for pirenzepine are solubilized with
      relatively little change in affinity. The ability of pirenzepine to distinguish
      between subtypes of muscarinic binding site in the cerebral cortex is manifest in
      both the membrane-bound and soluble state.

PMID- 4027483
TI  - Application of the operational model of agonism to establish conditions when
      functional antagonism may be used to estimate agonist dissociation constants.
AB  - The operational model of agonism (Black & Leff, 1983) has been used to analyse
      comparatively functional antagonism and irreversible antagonism as methods for
      estimating agonist dissociation constants (KAs). A general condition is
      established in terms of the model parameters which defines the type of
      experimental interventions at the receptor and the post-receptor level that allow
      valid KA estimation. It is shown that functional antagonism and other post
      receptor interventions may produce changes in agonist-concentration effect curves
      which are qualitatively indistinguishable but quantitatively distinct, from those
      produced by irreversible antagonism. Experimental data obtained with the guinea
      pig tracheal strip preparation are in keeping with the theoretical predictions
      and show how studies using functional antagonism may overestimate agonist
      affinity. In general, functional antagonism, unlike irreversible antagonism, is
      in principle an unreliable method for quantifying agonism.

PMID- 4027486
TI  - The measurement of self-reported stress and arousal.
AB  - This paper provides further discussion on the measurement of mood using self
      report inventories. It comments on questions raised by Cruickshank (1984) about
      the structure and use of the stress-arousal checklist developed by Mackay and Cox
      (Mackay et al., 1978).

PMID- 4027487
TI  - Age and individual differences in correct and error reaction times.
AB  - Rabbitt (1979, 1981) has argued that the slowing of choice RT performance with
      old age reflects less sensitive control over speed of responding. Based on the
      finding that old subjects' errors were as fast as young subjects', whereas their
      correct responses were much slower, Rabbitt suggested that old subjects often
      overshoot when trying to increase or reduce response speed. Data collected from a
      different serial, four-choice RT task in this experiment were not, however,
      consistent with Rabbitt's account. Error as well as correct RTs were longer in
      old than in young adults, with both showing similar increases with age. A post
      hoc examination of the aged subjects' data also indicated important individual
      differences within aged samples. Some subjects' RTs and error rates were no
      different from those of the young; other subjects' longer RTs and lower error
      rates were consistent with an increased emphasis on accuracy.

PMID- 4027488
TI  - Cognitive and affective aspects of boredom.
AB  - It is argued that previous research may have been mistaken in assuming that
      monotony in sensory stimulation is a necessary and sufficient cause of boredom.
      Five investigations are reported which used personal construct theory and
      repertory grid techniques to investigate three hypotheses: that boredom is
      associated with subjective monotony, that boredom is associated with a high
      degree of frustration and that boredom arises when stimulation lacks meaning for
      the individual. Results supported hypotheses (1) and (2) but no evidence was
      found to support hypothesis (3).

PMID- 4027489
TI  - Towards a model of boredom.
AB  - On the basis of the authors' own research it is suggested boredom may be viewed
      as having cognitive and affective components. The cognitive component is
      subjective monotony and the affective component is a high level of frustration.
      An attempt is made to integrate the evidence supporting this view of boredom with
      other evidence from the literature to present an integrated model of boredom in
      which the roles of personality, situational and task characteristics influencing
      boredom are outlined. Psychophysiological changes occurring during the
      performance of boring tasks are examined. It is argued that the nature and extent
      of changes in heart rate and heart-rate variability are not a consequence of
      boredom but of a task feature (mental load). It is concluded that no clear
      psychophysiological component of boredom can be detected at present.

PMID- 4027490
TI  - Lateralized processes in face recognition.
AB  - In this paper a model is presented in which face recognition is analysed into
      several stages, each of which may be independently lateralized. Evidence is
      reviewed which suggests that lateralization is important at all stages of
      processing a face. Early visuospatial processing, and the creation and comparison
      of facial representations, appear to be carried out more efficiently by the right
      hemisphere. Comparisons based on discrete, namable features of faces may yield a
      left hemisphere advantage. It is also proposed that faces may activate semantic
      information, including names, more efficiently in the left hemisphere. The model
      is useful in resolving inconsistencies in the degree and direction of asymmetries
      found in face-recognition tasks. Suggestions are also made for future research.

PMID- 4027491
TI  - Australian Rules football: an anthropometric study of participants.
AB  - Anthropometric measurements and personal data were collected from 119 Australian
      Rules footballers from Victoria. A top level professional league team, a second
      level association team, and an A-grade amateur association team were observed,
      representing three levels of ability. The profile of physical features of these
      athletes at the beginning of the season is presented. A gradation of body size
      was observed between teams. The players in the top level team were slightly
      taller and heavier than those in the other teams. They had less body fat, as
      shown by lesser skinfold thicknesses, a smaller percentage body fat as determined
      by prediction equations, and a greater fat-free mass. The intermediate level team
      showed an intermediate level of body fat and the lower level team had the highest
      proportion of fat.

PMID- 4027492
TI  - Outcome of sports injuries treated in a casualty department.
AB  - The present investigation analyses 2493 patients with a sports injury treated in
      a casualty department during a one-year period. Of the patients 73% were men, the
      age of the patients averaging 26 years and the mean follow-up time was 24 months.
      Soccer and indoor ball games caused 24% and 23% of the injuries respectively,
      these being followed by injuries in ice hockey in 14%. Track and field injuries
      scored low with 2% out of all injuries. Injuries to the lower extremity
      predominated. At follow-up, ligamentous injuries of the lower extremity were the
      major cause of discomfort. Further, in the group of patients with persistent
      discomfort 36% had suffered a fracture or a dislocation, 13% a contusion and 10%
      a wound. The mean period of sports incapacity after a sustained injury was 3
      weeks. In track and field events the injury seldom disturbed training for more
      than one week, but in soccer, indoor ball games, skiing and skating the mean
      sports incapacity period varied between 6 and 3 weeks. Out of the total injured,
      2% had to give up their sports activity completely. An injury of the lower
      extremity demanded on average 4 weeks' rest, an injury of the upper extremity and
      the trunk 2 weeks and injuries of the head and neck one week's rest. According to
      the present investigation sports injuries were in the majority of cases of a
      relatively benign nature and sick leave from work seldom exceeded 2 weeks.

PMID- 4027494
TI  - Serum lipids: interactions between age and moderate intensity exercise.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between age and selected
      serum lipids and lipoproteins in women before and after a physical fitness
      programme. Twenty females 27-59 years of age who had participated in the Purdue
      University Physical Fitness Programme were selected and placed into one of two
      groups: "junior" (mean age 34, all under 40 yrs) or "senior" (mean age 50, all
      over 43). A two way factorial design was used to study differences in serum
      triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol
      (LDLC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and the risk ratios TC/HDLC
      and LDLC/HDLC associated with physical fitness and the eight month physical
      fitness programme. The ability of the biochemical variables to discriminate
      between the age groups was investigated using discriminant function analyses. The
      analyses of variance indicated that although the two age groups were matched on
      the basis of a multivariate physical fitness score (Ismail et al, 1965) the older
      group was heavier (p less than 0.05), and had higher systolic and pulse pressures
      (p less than 0.05). Both groups increased their physical fitness score from pre
      to post programme (p less than 0.01). No significant age related biochemical
      differences were noted in the univariate analyses; however, in the discriminant
      function analyses the biochemical variables significantly discriminated between
      the two groups before, but not after the programme. A decrease in serum
      triglycerides was observed in the more highly fit women in each age group. These
      findings suggest that moderate levels of physical activity may help to counteract
      some of the undesirable changes in the lipid profile associated with age.

PMID- 4027493
TI  - Does exercise alter anaerobic threshold in coronary artery disease during beta
      blockade?
AB  - The effect of propranolol on cardiac patients undergoing exercise training is
      reported to increase exercise tolerance and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) but
      its effect on anaerobic threshold (AT) is unknown. It was the purpose of this
      study to determine the role of exercise training with propranolol on AT in
      patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Eight men and one woman with
      significant (CAD) were selected for this study. Each patient completed a maximum
      treadmill stress test (MTST) following the Bruce protocol on propranolol 40-160
      mg/day as a control study. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured at rest and
      at each stage of the treadmill test. These patients underwent an exercise
      training programme for 12-16 weeks on the same dose of propranolol. Training
      sessions were for a minimum of 30-40 minutes, 3 times a week, with training heart
      rate of 75%-85% of the pretraining peak heart rate. Training heart rate ranged
      from 98 to 128 beats/min. They were retested with a MTST after the training
      programme, on the same dose of propranolol. AT was calculated noninvasively by
      measuring respiratory variables every 30 seconds in relation to work increment.
      AT was identified by measuring the time course of VE, VCO2, VE/VO2, etc. in
      relation to incremental work. The mean values of VO2, O2P and % VO2 max at AT
      before and after training on propanolol were as follows: VO2 = 1.43 L/min +/- .25
      and 1.86 L/min +/- .44, O2P = 14.35 +/- 2.40 and 18.73 +/- 4.00 ml/beat, % of VO2
      max = 68.20 +/- 6.31 and 73.59 +/- 5.84. The mean changes of VO2 O2P, and % of
      VO2 max were + 0.43 L/min +/- 0.20 (P < .003), + 4.38 +/- 2.55 (P < .003) and +/-
      5.07% +/- 4.84 (P < .001). After exercise training on propanolol, the mean peak
      exercise tolerance time and absolute VO2 max increased by 2.8 min (from 9.0 to
      11.8 min) (P < .001) and 22.7% (P < .007), respectively. We conclude that the
      increase in anaerobic threshold in patients with coronary artery disease may be
      due to improvement in VO2 max, increased stroke volume, and peripheral O2
      extraction.

PMID- 4027495
TI  - Avulsion fracture involving the body of the patella.
AB  - A report on an unusual transverse fracture through the body of the patella in a
      13 year old high jumper is presented. The clinic features and treatment of the
      more usual avulsion injury of the patella is discussed.

PMID- 4027496
TI  - Sports injuries in adolescent boarding school boys.
AB  - A survey is presented of 346 sports injuries admitted to the Eton College
      Sanatorium between 1971 and 1982. The incidence of injury was lowest in 13 year
      olds perhaps because of their lighter weight. The injuries were classified into
      four groups--minor head injury, soft tissue injury, fractures and dislocations,
      and eye injury. Football caused 75 per cent of all injuries except eye injury
      where it accounted for only a third. Comparison of the incidence of injury at the
      three types of football played at Eton--Rugby, Association and Eton--showed Rugby
      football to be the most dangerous and Eton football the safest game. Advice on
      the management and prevention of injury is given.

PMID- 4027497
TI  - Rugby football injuries, 1980-1983.
AB  - The injuries sustained by the boys at one English public school have been
      recorded and analysed by age, experience, position, phase, duration of the game
      and of the season. Few injuries have been serious. Detailed reference is made to
      concussion, injuries from collapsed scrums and injuries of the cervical spine.
      The paper emphasises that the tackle leads to most injuries. This paper presents
      the Rugby football injuries sustained by the boarders of Rugby School in the four
      seasons 1980-1983. The injury rate was 194 per 10,000 player hours, compared with
      the rate of 198 per 10,000 player hours for the thirty seasons 1950-1979 (Sparks,
      1981). Tables I-VI list the injuries by different criteria. Table VII lists the
      sites of injury; Table VIII the time off Rugby football after injury; Table IX
      lists some of the more important injuries; Table XI summarises the playing
      results of the various school teams; Table XIII compares some of the Rugby School
      figures with those recorded in the Accident and Emergency Department of
      Christchurch Hospital during the 1979 New Zealand Rugby football season (Inglis
      and Stewart, 1981); Table XIV records information on three aspects of Rugby
      football that have occasioned much recent concern, viz:--Time off playing after
      concussion, injuries caused by collapsed scrums and neck injuries.

PMID- 4027498
TI  - A laboratory running test: metabolic responses of sprint and endurance trained
      athletes.
AB  - A laboratory-based sprint running test has been devised to examine the
      performance characteristics and metabolic responses of an individual to 30
      seconds of maximal exercise. A non-motorised treadmill was used so that the
      individual was able to sprint at his own chosen speed and also to vary his speed
      as fatigue occurred. The treadmill was instrumented so that the chosen speeds as
      well as the equivalent distance travelled could be monitored by micro-computer
      throughout the test. The test-retest reliability of the procedure was
      investigated with 14 recreational runners who performed the test on different
      days. A good correlation (r = 0.93) was found between the values obtained for
      peak running speeds on the two occasions. In an attempt to establish whether or
      not this test could be used to identify the differences in the performance
      characteristics of highly trained individuals, the responses to the test of
      eleven sprint trained and eleven endurance trained athletes were examined. The
      sprint trained athletes covered a greater distance (162.2 +/- 5.95 m vis 153.51
      +/- 12.32 m; p less than 0.01) and had higher blood lactate concentrations (16.52
      +/- 1.23 mM vis 12.98 +/- 1.77 mM; p less than 0.01) than the endurance trained
      athletes. Therefore this laboratory sprint running test offers an additional way
      of investigating human responses to brief periods of high intensity exercise.

PMID- 4027499
TI  - Predictability of VO2 max from submaximal cycle ergometer and bench stepping
      tests.
AB  - The predictability of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was studied using
      progressive and steady state protocols for cycle ergometry and bench stepping.
      The subjects were 12 healthy men, 23-58 years old. Prediction of VO2 max was made
      by extrapolation of the heart rate and O2 uptake at several sub-maximal work
      loads using the least squares regression technique. The four sub-maximal
      procedures underestimated the measured VO2 max by between 0.13-0.55 l.min-1. The
      differences between the measured and predicted values were statistically
      significant for the tests involving the steady state protocol. The correlation
      coefficients between the predicted VO2 max for each of the submaximal tests, and
      the measured VO2 max, were significant at the .05 level. The results indicate
      that for a group of male subjects VO2 max can be predicted using the progressive
      protocol on either the cycle ergometer or stepping bench. Individual predictions
      are liable to considerable error.

PMID- 4027500
TI  - Mouthguards, an evaluation of two types for Rugby players.
AB  - At the beginning of the 1983/84 Rugby season a dental examination was carried out
      on 120 players, 55 of whom were fitted with the mouth-fitted type of mouthguard
      and 65 the laboratory-made type of mouthguard. At the end of the season only 98
      players were available for the completion of the study. A further dental
      examination showed that there was no damage to the teeth when either type of
      mouthguard was worn. Variations in the attitudes of the players to each type of
      mouthguard were also recorded.

PMID- 4027501
TI  - Orofacial injuries and mouthguards: a study of the 1984 Wallabies.
AB  - As mouthguards provide protection of the teeth, jaws, adjacent soft tissues and
      also protect the brain against concussion following impacts to the mandible, the
      use of mouthguards in contact sports is strongly recommended. It is therefore
      essential to gauge regularly the use of mouthguards in the various contact sports
      at all levels of competition. Of the 30 members of the 1984 Australian Rugby
      Union Touring Team (the Wallabies), 80% wore mouthguards and of these, 75%
      believed that wearing mouthguards should be made compulsory for Rugby players. A
      comparison of these and other findings is made with previous studies in Rugby,
      and also with a similar study of the 1984 Great Britain Rugby League Touring
      Team.

PMID- 4027502
TI  - Age, height and weight of female Olympic finalists.
AB  - Age, height and weight are intricately related to performance in a specific
      sporting activity. Optimum standards derived from 32 female Olympic finalists
      from two jumping events are listed as a sample from a much larger set of 824
      finalists from 47 events. An example of variation is that high jumpers are taller
      by 6.3 cm and younger by 2.9 years than long jumpers. Conversely, considerable
      variation in body weight is shown for a group of finalists all with a height of
      171 cm. The weights of these finalists range from 56 kg for a 400 m runner to 85
      kg for a discus thrower. Many other events are listed between these examples and
      a number of events are found to share the same combination of height and weight
      (height 171 cm, weight 59-62 kg) swimming freestyle and medley, 200 m run,
      rowing, canoeing, volleyball and handball. These findings are expected to be of
      use for potential champions looking for optimum standards in specific events.
      They are also of use for trainers counselling athletes in the most appropriate
      selection of the event befitting her physique. Many sporting activities are found
      to be seriously biased in favour of the taller members of the population. This is
      a cause for concern as is the need for some remedial action.

PMID- 4027503
TI  - Marathon running and muscle fasciculation.

PMID- 4027504
TI  - Family history of renal stones in recurrent stone patients.
AB  - A survey was carried out on the family history of renal stones among 380 patients
      in an out-patient stone clinic, most of whom had experienced frequent
      recurrences. In 55.4% of patients at least one first-degree relative had
      experienced renal stones. A positive family history was more common in females
      (64.7%) than in males (51.0%) and was particularly apparent in those who had
      multiple recurrences. It was also significantly more common in female patients
      with evidence of renal tubular defects (incomplete forms of renal tubular
      acidosis). Among the ordinary stone patients 18% of the fathers and 8% of the
      mothers had also formed renal stones. The corresponding figures for female stone
      patients with renal tubular defects were 40 and 33% respectively. These findings
      indicate that tubular dysfunction could be an inherited trait that predisposes to
      the formation of renal stones. Hypercalciuria or hyperuricosuria was not over
      represented among stone formers with a positive family history.

PMID- 4027506
TI  - Immunohistological detection of T antigen and ABH blood group antigens in upper
      urinary tract tumours.
AB  - The status of T antigen was assessed by means of peanut agglutinin (PNA) used in
      an immunoperoxidase technique, and the status of ABH blood group antigens was
      determined by the specific red cell adherence (SRCA) test. Thirty-eight patients
      with upper urinary tract tumours were examined. Our data indicated that T antigen
      status did not correlate with conventional prognostic indicators such as grade
      and stage of tumour and survival of patients, while the expression or deletion of
      ABH blood group antigens did correlate well. It was concluded that ABH blood
      group antigen determination might provide a useful prognostic probe in upper
      urinary tract tumours should it find clinical application.

PMID- 4027505
TI  - Allopurinol treatment of renal calcium stone disease.
AB  - Thirty-one calcium stone patients were treated with 300 mg allopurinol daily
      during a mean follow-up period of 2 years. They were also given advice on diet
      and fluid intake. The effects on the recurrence rate of stones were compared with
      the effects on the recurrence rate in 43 calcium stone patients who were given
      similar advice on diet and fluid intake but were not treated with allopurinol. In
      both groups there was a reduction in the recurrence rate but no difference
      between patients treated with allopurinol and the control group. Some patients
      with only hyperuricosuria prior to treatment seemed to benefit from allopurinol
      treatment, whereas those with hypercalciuria continued to form stones with the
      same frequency. Allopurinol treatment in calcium stone disease appears less
      effective than treatment with thiazides, magnesium hydroxide or orthophosphate.

PMID- 4027507
TI  - Malignant phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - Malignant phaeochromocytoma is a rare tumour and experience in its management is
      therefore limited. Five patients are discussed in whom the development of
      metastases was associated with rapidly progressive disease.

PMID- 4027509
TI  - A simple loop catheter for ureteric calculus retrieval.
AB  - The fabrication and use of a simple looped catheter for ureteric stone retrieval
      are reported. In a series of 46 patients the loop was passed successfully in 28
      and the stone dislodged in 20 (71.4%). This device can be made by any urologist,
      using cheap, readily available materials. Complications are few and the success
      rate is high.

PMID- 4027508
TI  - Selection of operative procedure for circumcaval ureter (type I). A rational
      approach.
AB  - The surgical treatment of circumcaval ureter (type I) should eliminate the
      ureteric obstruction which is of variable causation. At operation, the aetiology
      of the obstruction can be determined by inspection of the extent of ureteric
      dilatation, perfusion-pressure study and calibration of the lumen. Using this
      approach, the cause of the obstruction was found to be nonstenotic intrinsic
      obstruction of the retrocaval segment in two cases of type I circumcaval ureter.
      In these patients, resection of the obstructing segment and uretero-ureterostomy
      were carried out. The third patient had pelviureteric junction stenosis which was
      treated by dismembered pyeloplasty after ureteric relocation.

PMID- 4027510
TI  - Unilateral ureteric reimplantation for primary vesicoureteric reflux in children.
      A policy re-evaluated.
AB  - Fifty-one children had unilateral ureteric reimplants for primary vesicoureteric
      reflux over an 11-year period. Reflux was abolished in 50 patients but in 8
      (15.7%) it developed or became worse on the contralateral side. An isotope renal
      scan (99mTc DMSA) was carried out in 15 of the 18 patients who had grossly
      scarred or dysplastic kidneys. Thirteen of these had less than 22% of total
      function coming from the affected kidney and seven had less than 10% of their
      total GFR coming from the kidney whose ureter had previously been reimplanted.
      Five of these children have undergone nephrectomy and it is felt that this would
      have been a better initial procedure. No patient was hypertensive at the
      conclusion of the study.

PMID- 4027511
TI  - Low pressure/low flow voiding in younger men: psychological aspects.
AB  - Low pressure/low flow voiding in young and middle-aged males in the absence of
      outflow tract obstruction has been reported as being associated with anxiety and
      a high incidence of dyspepsia. To assess objectively the psychological basis of
      this condition, an unselected group of 50 men aged 25 to 55 years was evaluated
      by psychiatric interview, questionnaires and urodynamic tests. In addition,
      patients involved in an earlier study were psychologically evaluated. Low
      pressure/low flow voiding was demonstrated in three (6%) of the new patients.
      This voiding pattern was related to a long preceding history, stress-dependent
      symptoms and difficulty in voiding in public urinals. When compared with a
      control population, the experimental group scored significantly higher on
      measures of psychoneurosis. It is recommended that surgery be avoided in these
      patients and that simple behavioural therapy may be most appropriate.

PMID- 4027513
TI  - Perineal nerve damage in genuine stress urinary incontinence. An
      electrophysiological study.
AB  - Twelve patients with genuine stress incontinence of urine were investigated using
      manometric and electrophysiological techniques. All were shown to have slowed
      conduction in the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve which innervates the
      periurethral striated sphincter muscle. The mean perineal nerve terminal motor
      latency in these patients was 3.9 +/- 0.8 (ms) and in 20 age and parity matched
      control subjects was 2.0 +/- 0.2 (ms) (P less than 0.001). These results are
      consistent with a neurogenic factor in patients with genuine stress incontinence
      of urine which may have implications regarding selection of patients for surgery
      to restore urethral competence.

PMID- 4027512
TI  - Atropine blockade of nerve-mediated stimulation of the human detrusor.
AB  - The effect of atropine on the isometric contractile response of isolated human
      detrusor muscle strips to electrical field stimulation has been studied. A 94.1%
      reduction in the response in the presence of tetrodotoxin demonstrated the
      neuronal nature of the stimulus. Atropine caused a 92.7% inhibition of the
      response. It was concluded that the nerve-mediated stimulus in human detrusor is
      cholinergic in nature and that "atropine resistance" does not occur in man.

PMID- 4027514
TI  - Adenomatous metaplasia (nephrogenic adenoma) of urothelium. An analysis of 70
      cases.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 70 cases of adenomatous metaplasia seen in the St
      Peter's Hospitals over a 15-year period has been carried out. The lesions
      occurred at all ages (7-81 years) and in both sexes (51 males, 19 females) and
      were found throughout the urinary tract from pelvis to urethra. In the pelvis and
      ureter the finding was usually an incidental one in association with stones or
      chronic inflammation; ulceration was a frequent accompaniment. Most vesical and
      urethral lesions followed a surgical procedure months or years previously, the
      patients re-presenting with haematuria or irritative bladder symptoms. The
      endoscopic appearances varied but there was often a striking correlation between
      the location of the lesions and the site of previous surgery. The association of
      adenomatous metaplasia with ulceration and previous surgery leads us to suggest
      that it is merely an unusual response to wound healing and attempts to treat it
      by diathermy resection are, therefore, likely to meet with limited success.
      Cystoscopic follow-up of persistent lesions gives no reason to suppose they are
      pre-malignant.

PMID- 4027515
TI  - Chemotherapy before radiotherapy for T3 bladder cancer. A pilot study.
AB  - Seventeen patients with stage T3 bladder cancer were treated in a pilot study of
      initial chemotherapy (four courses of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5
      fluorouracil) followed by megavoltage radiotherapy 6000 cGy) to the bladder.
      Chemotherapy was well tolerated and did not lead to any increase in toxicity from
      the radiotherapy. Assessment of response in all cases was not possible because of
      the variable extent of the initial biopsy. Of the 12 patients in whom assessment
      was possible, there was no objective change in 9 (4 cases of T3a; 5 cases of T3b)
      and there was objective evidence of disease progression in 3 (2 cases of T3a; 1
      case of T3b). Thirteen patients have now died and the median survival for
      patients in this study was 27 months, with a 3-year survival rate of 26%. Three
      patients died with recurrence in the pelvis, 5 with both local and metastatic
      disease, 2 with metastases only, and 3 from other causes. These data indicate
      that this particular form of chemotherapy given as initial treatment for T3
      bladder cancer does not appear to lead to an improvement in the results obtained
      from radiotherapy alone.

PMID- 4027516
TI  - Vesico-uterine fistula.
AB  - Nine cases of vesico-uterine fistula caused by injury to the bladder at Caesarean
      section or by rupture of the uterus and bladder following obstructed labour are
      described. Symptoms depend on the level of the lesion, menstruation into the
      bladder and menouria occurring when the fistula is above the internal cervical
      os: whatever the level, most patients with vesico-uterine fistula present with
      incontinence of urine. A transperitoneal approach appears to give better results
      than a transvesical repair.

PMID- 4027517
TI  - Hyponatraemia following transurethral resection of the prostate.
AB  - In a prospective study of 100 patients undergoing transurethral resection,
      changes in serum sodium were estimated during the per-operative and post
      operative periods. The weight of prostate resected and the volume of irrigant
      fluid used influenced the changes in serum sodium. In 93 patients these changes
      were not statistically significant. In only seven patients were significant falls
      in serum sodium recorded, in one case to a level of 103 mmol/l. All seven
      exhibited the clinical features of the transurethral syndrome and there was one
      post-operative death which we attributed to it. The TUR syndrome undoubtedly
      exists and its incidence in this series was 7%. Its pathogenesis and clinical
      management are discussed.

PMID- 4027518
TI  - Direct vision internal urethrotomy in the treatment of urethral fistulas due to
      urethral strictures.
AB  - Five cases of urethral fistula--three with single and two with multiple fistulous
      tracts--were treated by optical urethrotomy. All of the fistulas healed
      completely.

PMID- 4027519
TI  - Carcinoma of skin of penis.
AB  - Like the Jews, the Ibos or Igbos of Nigeria ritually circumcise males on the
      eighth day of birth. A retrospective review of approximately 15,000 surgical
      specimens collected from this ethnic group over a period of 13 years revealed 32
      cases of carcinoma of the prostate but only 4 cases of penile carcinoma. One
      tumour arose on the glans penis. This localisation pattern suggests that, in
      circumcised males, smegma-induced squamous carcinoma of the glans can be
      abolished but not the ordinary squamous carcinoma that can develop by chance on
      the rest of the penis as well as on the glans. International urology would
      benefit from careful documentation of squamous carcinoma affecting various parts
      of the neonatally circumcised penile skin.

PMID- 4027520
TI  - Male genital injuries from external trauma.
AB  - External trauma from a variety of causes, some unusual and bizarre, affect the
      male genitalia. Certain injuries are more common, have more severe consequences,
      or their management may be controversial. Seventy male genital injuries from
      external trauma are reported and include vacuum cleaner injuries, fracture of
      penis and the tourniquet syndrome.

PMID- 4027522
TI  - Repeated pregnancies following in vitro fertilisation therapy in cases of male
      infertility.

PMID- 4027521
TI  - Single sample estimates of renal clearances.

PMID- 4027523
TI  - Round headed sperm.

PMID- 4027524
TI  - Distalgesic abuse and retroperitoneal fibrosis.

PMID- 4027525
TI  - Carcinoma in a post-diversionary bladder.

PMID- 4027526
TI  - Use of the metal stylet of a ureteric catheter for ureteric meatotomy.

PMID- 4027527
TI  - Hodgkin's disease: is staging laparotomy necessary?

PMID- 4027528
TI  - The outcome following sphincter-saving resection and abdominoperineal resection
      for low rectal cancer.
AB  - The introduction of new techniques has enabled more patients with low rectal
      carcinoma to undergo sphincter-saving resection (SSR). This policy, however, has
      provoked controversy concerning the adequacy of excision and fear of increased
      rates of recurrence compared with abdominoperineal resection (APER). We have
      therefore compared our results of SSR for low and mid-rectal cancers performed
      between 1978 and mid 1982 with those obtained with APER before this period. One
      hundred and fifty-nine patients presented with tumours between 3 and 12 cm from
      the anal verge; 153 (96 per cent) underwent resection, of whom 46 (30 per cent)
      had disseminated disease. One hundred (68 per cent) underwent SSR, 33 (22 per
      cent) had an APER and 16 (10 per cent) had a local procedure. Operative mortality
      was 4 per cent following APER and 7 per cent after SSR (n.s.). Patients were
      followed for a mean of 4.6 years (range 2-6 years), only four (2.5 per cent)
      being lost to follow-up. The incidence of recurrence after radical SSR (n = 74)
      was compared with the historical control group which underwent radical APER, the
      two groups being matched for Dukes' stage and height of the lesion. After 2
      years, local recurrence cumulative rates were 13.6 per cent after SSR and 18.8
      per cent after APER. Distant recurrence rates were 14.5 and 20 per cent
      respectively. Ten patients (13.5 per cent) died of their disease within 2 years
      of a radical SSR, 15 (15 per cent) after radical APER. Corrected 5-year survival
      and recurrence rates were similar. Thus, SSR does not appear to carry an
      increased risk of recurrent disease compared with APER after an equivalent follow
      up period.

PMID- 4027529
TI  - The results of surgical treatment of cancer of the rectum by radical resection
      and extended abdomino-iliac lymphadenectomy.
AB  - At St Mark's Hospital survival after radical surgery for cancer of the rectum has
      not changed significantly over the past 30 years. The technique of extended
      abdomino-iliac lymphadenectomy was developed in an attempt to improve prognosis
      in patients considered to have particularly unfavourable tumours. Between 1960
      and 1981 the technique was used in 75 patients with a single adenocarcinoma of
      the rectum. Two patients died postoperatively and 52 patients developed
      complications; a mortality and morbidity similar to those seen after conventional
      surgery at this hospital. Five-year survival rate showed no improvement over that
      achieved by conventional techniques; disappointingly this was also the case for
      patients with Dukes' C1 tumours. The results of this study suggest that an
      improvement in survival in patients with cancer of the rectum is unlikely to be
      achieved by any extension of conventional radical surgery.

PMID- 4027530
TI  - Anal implantation metastasis from carcinoma of the sigmoid colon and rectum--a
      risk when performing anterior resection with the EEA stapler?

PMID- 4027531
TI  - Acral (volar-subungual) melanoma.
AB  - Acral melanoma occurs in the volar surface of the hands, feet, fingers, toes and
      subungual sites. Recently it has been recognized as a distinct entity with
      characteristic clinical and pathological features. Of our 340 patients with
      malignant melanoma, 24 (7 per cent) had acral melanoma. Sixteen were in the
      plantar skin, two in the palms and six in the nailbed. The delay in diagnosis was
      6 months to 5 years and most of the patients presented with large neglected
      tumours. Fourteen lesions had histological features consistent with acral
      lentiginous melanoma - a unique pattern to this area. Fourteen patients were in
      clinical stage I at diagnosis, seven in stage II and three had distant metastases
      (stage III). The treatment was mainly surgical. Palmar-plantar lesions were
      widely excised. One patient underwent below-knee amputation. Lesions of the
      digits were treated by amputation of the affected toe. Fourteen of the patients
      underwent either prophylactic or therapeutic lymph node dissection. In 9 of them,
      regional metastases were found. In patients with advanced disease chemotherapy
      was added. Three patients had isolated limb perfusion. Fourteen patients died of
      metastatic disease within 1-5 years. Four are alive but have metastatic spread.
      Six patients are disease-free, one to 4.5 years following diagnosis.

PMID- 4027532
TI  - The value of staging and serial follow-up investigations in patients with
      completely resected, primary, cutaneous malignant melanoma.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the value of staging and serial follow
      up investigations in newly diagnosed patients with completely excised primary
      cutaneous malignant melanoma. We reviewed the records of the 393 patients with
      completely excised primary malignant melanoma who were referred to the Ontario
      Cancer Institute and the Toronto-Bayview Regional Cancer Centre between 1 January
      1978 and 31 March 1982. Initial investigations included history and physical
      examination in all 393 patients, complete blood count (199 patients), liver
      function tests (198 patients), urinary melanins (159 patients), chest X-rays (345
      patients), whole lung tomography (182 patients), radionuclide liver-spleen scans
      (207 patients), and bone scans (116 patients), bipedal lymphangiograms (78
      patients), CT scans of the chest (59 patients), and CT brain scans (51 patients).
      The clinical stage of ten patients was changed as a result of history and
      physical examination or lymphangiogram. All other investigations failed to detect
      metastatic melanoma. Follow-up investigations included history and physical
      examinations, complete blood counts, liver function tests, radionuclide liver
      spleen and bone scans. History and physical examinations, chest X-rays and
      patients' awareness of abnormalities were responsible for detection of subsequent
      melanoma recurrences. All other tests failed to identify metastatic melanoma at
      the time of its occurrence. Therefore, we recommend that initial staging
      investigations be limited to history and physical examination with clinical
      photographs, and baseline chest X-ray. We recommend that subsequent follow-up
      include only history and physical examinations and chest X-rays.

PMID- 4027533
TI  - Gastric surgery and the risk of subsequent colorectal cancer.
AB  - A matched case control study has been conducted in order to determine whether an
      association exists between gastric surgery and the subsequent development of
      colorectal carcinoma. Two hundred and eighty-nine patients (151 women and 138
      men) presenting with large bowel cancer have been studied. Case controls were
      matched according to age, sex and date of admission. The case notes of each
      patient in the study were reviewed to determine the prevalence of peptic
      ulceration and gastric surgery. Significantly more patients with colorectal
      carcinoma had undergone gastric surgery P less than 0.05, although the prevalence
      of peptic ulceration was similar in both groups. Colorectal carcinoma is more
      common in patients who have undergone gastric surgery for benign peptic ulcer
      disease than in the general population.

PMID- 4027534
TI  - Gastric emptying after anterior lesser curve seromyotomy and posterior truncal
      vagotomy.
AB  - Anterior lesser curve seromyotomy with posterior truncal vagotomy (ASPTV)
      provides a simple, safe and expeditiously performed method of denervating the
      parietal cell mass, whilst preserving the pylorus. Dumping and diarrhoea are
      uncommon after this procedure. Gastric emptying has been assessed after ASPTV and
      other elective operations for duodenal ulcer. Liquid and solid phase gastric
      emptying studies were performed in control subjects (17), patients before and at
      least six months after ASPTV (14), vagotomy and pyloroplasty both without (8) and
      with (6) diarrhoea, vagotomy and gastroenterostomy (11), and Polya gastrectomy
      (7). There was no delay in emptying time for liquids or solids between ASPTV
      patients and controls. With the exception of an increase in the early emptying of
      liquids (P = 0.02) after ASPTV, gastric emptying was not different from normal.
      After truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty in patients without diarrhoea the gastric
      emptying of solids, but not of liquids, was markedly increased (P = 0.00001),
      whereas in those with diarrhoea both liquid and solid phase emptying were
      markedly increased (P less than 0.001). When gastroenterostomy was used as the
      drainage procedure both phases of emptying were increased. After Polya
      gastrectomy, both early and late emptying of liquids and solids were increased
      (early phase P less than 0.05, overall emptying P less than 0.001).

PMID- 4027535
TI  - Partial gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction in the treatment of persistent
      or recurrent oesophagitis after Nissen fundoplication.
AB  - The results of partial gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction in the treatment
      of persistent or recurrent oesophagitis after failed Nissen fundoplication in six
      patients were analysed. There were no postoperative deaths. Postoperative
      complications (pneumonia and atelectases, postoperative ileus) developed in three
      patients. The results were evaluated by clinical and endoscopic examination 1 to
      3.5 years after the operation. Clear clinical and endoscopic improvement was
      observed in five of the six patients. In the remaining patient the procedure
      failed to prevent progression of the oesophagitis with development of a Barrett's
      oesophagus. The results suggest that a partial gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y
      reconstruction is an effective and safe procedure in the treatment of persistent
      or recurrent oesophagitis after failed Nissen fundoplication.

PMID- 4027536
TI  - Retroperitoneal tumour infiltration detected by bone scanning in patients with
      infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Radionuclide bone scans performed in some patients with carcinoma of the breast
      showed abnormal retention of isotope in the renal pelvis which developed and
      progressed during the period of follow-up after mastectomy. This phenomenon was
      seen in 15 of 30 patients with infiltrating carcinoma of the breast (ILC) but in
      none of 29 with infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC). Autopsies were performed in
      eight of the patients with ILC and three of those with IDC. Diffuse
      retroperitoneal and ureteric infiltration was seen in seven (88 per cent), with
      ILC and none with IDC. These data suggest that this scan abnormality is an
      indicator of retroperitoneal spread by ILC.

PMID- 4027537
TI  - Risk factors and clinical data related to oestrogen receptor status in women
      presenting with breast cancer.
AB  - Oestrogen receptor (ER) content was measured in 257 patients presenting with
      'operable' breast cancer. Difference in age, menopausal status, parity, age at
      first pregnancy, breast feeding habit and details of past and family history were
      compared with oestrogen receptor status. The symptoms and their duration together
      with the extent of the disease both clinically and pathologically were also
      compared with receptor status. Association both for increasing age and
      postmenopausal status was found when oestrogen receptors were present in the
      primary tumours in significant quantities. No separation between the effect of
      age and menopausal status on oestrogen receptor status could be distinguished. No
      relationship was demonstrated between oestrogen receptor status and the other
      clinical and pathological factors examined.

PMID- 4027538
TI  - A complication of minitracheostomy.

PMID- 4027539
TI  - Pilonidal sinus excision--healing by open granulation.
AB  - A prospective study is reported of 100 pilonidal sinus excisions healing by open
      granulation. Delays in healing appeared to be due to infection, particularly by
      anaerobic bacteria. Comparisons are made between three groups studied
      consecutively - 30 wounds not treated with antibiotics, 20 given a fixed two-week
      course of metronidazole and 50 managed flexibly. In this last group, wound
      management was determined by clinical appearance; 24 wounds were clinically
      healthy throughout and received no antibiotic while 26 looked unhealthy initially
      or after an interval and were treated with metronidazole, supplemented in some
      cases with erythromycin. The best results were obtained in the group managed
      flexibly. It is considered that the problems of delayed healing are due to
      excisions which leave a wound of a shape ill-designed to maintain good drainage.
      Unhealthy wounds should be re-shaped if possible and treated early with a
      combination of metronidazole and erythromycin.

PMID- 4027540
TI  - Caroli's disease: successful management using permanent-access
      hepaticojejunostomy.

PMID- 4027541
TI  - Oxygen tension on the skin of the gaiter area of limbs with venous disease.
AB  - We examined the levels of oxygen on the skin of the gaiter areas of limbs with
      venous disease using a Roche Transcutaneous pO2 Monitor to determine whether
      hypoxia contributes to the skin changes and ulceration associated with severe
      venous disease. We studied patients with superficial varicose veins and no skin
      changes (Group 1: n = 25), patients with skin changes and healed ulcers (Group 2:
      n = 15), and an age matched normal control group (controls: n = 25). TcpO2
      measurements were taken 5 cm above the medial malleolus with the limb both
      horizontal and vertical using a Roche Transcutaneous pO2 Monitor. A standard heel
      raising test using a Medisonics Photoplethysmograph indicated the degree of
      venous insufficiency present. Results show that Group 1 patients and controls
      have similar skin oxygen levels (Group 1: TcpO2 66.48 + 14.12 mmHg; controls:
      TcpO2 61.60 +/- 11.02 mmHg) whereas those with skin changes and ulceration have
      significantly lower oxygen levels (Group 2: TcpO2 46.57 +/- 9.70 mmHg, t = 4.29,
      P less than 0.001). Group 2 patients did not show a significant rise in TcpO2
      levels in the standing position whereas Group 1 patients and controls did (t =
      2.6, P less than 0.02). PPG post-exercise recovery times confirmed differences
      between the three groups. These findings show that significant skin hypoxia
      occurs on the gaiter area of limbs with severe venous disease and support the
      concept of an oxygen diffusion block.

PMID- 4027542
TI  - Giant ulcer of the oesophagus with erosion of the aorta- successful treatment
      with aortic suture secured by an omental graft and oesophagectomy.

PMID- 4027543
TI  - Surgical management of Caroli's disease involving both lobes of the liver.

PMID- 4027544
TI  - Aganglionosis of the entire bowel: four new cases and review of the literature.

PMID- 4027545
TI  - Malignant masquerade at the hilum of the liver.
AB  - Eight patients with biliary obstruction and a pre-operative diagnosis of a
      neoplastic lesion at the confluence of the hepatic ducts were found
      postoperatively to have benign disease. Cholangiography was highly suggestive of
      a malignant stricture in all patients. Angiography performed in six patients
      indicated that the lesions were potentially resectable. Seven patients underwent
      elective surgery; in six the ductal confluence including the lesion was removed,
      without mortality. Six patients are alive, five of them totally asymptomatic, in
      a median follow-up of 32 months. Many patients with hilar strictures are treated
      for what appears radiologically to be a neoplastic lesion. Since treatment often
      involves the placement of an endoprosthesis or palliative surgery, without
      histological diagnosis, some of these patients with benign disease are likely to
      be treated inappropriately, unless they are considered for a curative resection.

PMID- 4027546
TI  - Management of retroperitoneal haematoma following penetrating trauma.
AB  - Experience with the management of 106 consecutive patients found to have a
      retroperitoneal haematoma (RH) at laparotomy for penetrating trauma over a 2-year
      period is reviewed. Three types of retroperitoneal haematoma are recognized: Type
      I (central), Type II (flank) and Type III (pelvic). Type I RH was present in 22
      patients as a result of injuries to the inferior vena cava (9), the aorta (5),
      the pancreas and duodenum (5), the portal vein (2), and to both aorta and
      inferior vena cava (1). Fourteen patients died (63.8 per cent) representing 70
      per cent of all deaths in the series. Type II RH was seen in 73 patients. Thirty
      two were stable and the perinephric fascia was not opened with no morbidity or
      mortality. Forty-one were explored: 15 on pre-operative evidence of renal injury
      which was confirmed at laparotomy. In the remaining 26 a stable haematoma was
      explored and no significant lesion found. It is considered that in 45 of 73 Type
      II RH (61.0 per cent) exploration was unnecessary. Five patients died (6.8 per
      cent). Type III RH was found in 11 patients and was due to iliac vessel injuries.
      Two patients died. In conclusion Type I and III RH should be routinely explored.
      Stable Type II RH discovered at laparotomy should be explored selectively based
      on pre-operative clinical and radiological assessment of renal injury.

PMID- 4027547
TI  - A survey of registrars undertaking general surgical research in the United
      Kingdom on 1 October 1983.
AB  - Data, concerning general surgical research, was obtained by means of a
      questionnaire from 103 junior surgeons undertaking full-time research. Most posts
      appeared to be adequately funded, though many respondents sustained a loss of
      salary on appointment. Less than half the posts were advertised in the national
      medical journals. All but one respondent were submitting their research for a
      higher degree. The majority felt that they were well supervised: a minority (24
      per cent) were poorly supervised. The enjoyment of research and confidence of
      obtaining a higher degree were related to the standard of supervision.

PMID- 4027549
TI  - Acute appendicitis in the elderly.

PMID- 4027550
TI  - Problems with rectal foreign bodies.

PMID- 4027548
TI  - Autoimmunization in testicular torsion.

PMID- 4027551
TI  - Trypanosomiasis. Introduction.

PMID- 4027552
TI  - The complement system in sepsis and trauma.

PMID- 4027553
TI  - Disorders of the carpus in the dog. I.

PMID- 4027554
TI  - An improved method for the isolation of a neutrophil-rich fraction from porcine
      blood.

PMID- 4027555
TI  - The relationship between phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus
      aureus by bovine neutrophils.

PMID- 4027556
TI  - Observations on the development in vitro of early (13-day) and later (15-day)
      porcine embryos.

PMID- 4027557
TI  - The mating of Libyan fat-tailed ewe lambs.

PMID- 4027558
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of oestradiol-17 beta in cows' milk after its extraction on
      Sepharose-coupled antiserum: a study of specificity using high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 4027560
TI  - Q-fever control in Cyprus--recent progress.

PMID- 4027559
TI  - Some aspects of the use of the growth promoter zeranol in ewe lambs retained for
      breeding. III. Effect on plasma LH levels.

PMID- 4027561
TI  - Evidence for scanning with unilateral visual presentation of letters.
AB  - When letters and words are presented tachistoscopically, material from the right
      visual field (RVF) can be reported more accurately than that from the left visual
      field (LVF). The RVF superiority may reflect either left hemispheric dominance
      for language or directional scanning. Previous studies have deliberately focused
      on the cerebral asymmetry factor while "controlling" scanning and, thus, have
      cast some doubt on the potency of the scanning factor. Two experiments were
      conducted to show that scanning can induce a RVF superiority comparable to that
      often associated with cerebral asymmetry. The first experiment required bilingual
      subjects to report six English or six Hebrew letters, shown briefly in either the
      LVF or RVF, with order of report controlled. A RVF superiority found with English
      characters was matched by an equal but opposite LVF effect with Hebrew. In a
      second experiment, five English characters were shown briefly in either the LVF
      or RVF, and subjects had to identify a single character indicated by a post
      exposural cue. Using a spatial cue to by pass scanning, there were no field
      differences; with an ordinal position cue--a procedure thought to force scanning-
      there was a strong RVF superiority. The results show clearly that scanning can
      induce visual field differences.

PMID- 4027562
TI  - Reaction times of severe Broca's aphasics to monaural verbal stimuli.
AB  - Reaction times of nine subjects with severe Broca's aphasia were measured to
      verbal stimuli presented monaurally to their left or right ears. The aphasic
      subjects showed left-ear advantages in reaction times to verbal stimuli,
      paralleling dichotic findings among aphasic patients. The results are interpreted
      as consistent with right-hemisphere language processing.

PMID- 4027563
TI  - Semantic priming effects for stimuli presented to the right and left visual
      fields.
AB  - Studies that have addressed the possibility of hemispheric differences in
      semantic priming effects have yielded contradictory results. This paper reports
      the findings of two experiments intended to shed greater light on the issue of
      hemispheric differences in semantic priming. Experiment 1 used a hemiretinal
      paradigm and examined manual response latency and response accuracy to four types
      of word pairs; categorically related, syntactically related, unrelated, and pairs
      containing a nonword member. Experiment 2 examined the effects of unrecognized,
      disambiguating flank words on verbal responses to a centrally presented
      homograph. Experiment 1 yielded no significant visual field differences in
      magnitude of priming effects when response latency served as the dependent
      measure, although categorical relatedness facilitated response accuracy for left
      but not right visual field stimuli. In experiment 2, the disambiguating words had
      a significant effect on meaning interpretation of the homographs that was
      independent of visual field of presentation. Taken together, the results of these
      studies are interpreted as indicating that semantic aspects of linguistic input
      are automatically processed and can influence the content and latency of
      subsequent responses, whether presented to the left or right visual field.

PMID- 4027564
TI  - The word-superiority effect under conditions that approximate reading.
AB  - Observers detected a briefly flashed target letter embedded in word,
      pronounceable nonword, and unpronounceable nonword contexts. The word context
      facilitated perception under both holistic and analytical processing strategies;
      the facilitative effect was enhanced when processing was analytical.

PMID- 4027565
TI  - Development of speech and language following bilateral frontal lesions.
AB  - Language and speech were studied in a young child with perinatally acquired
      bifrontal lesions. Bilateral frontal pathology seriously interfered with the
      development of intelligible speech and resulted in a persistent expressive
      aphasia. Analysis of the neuropsychological profile indicated impairments in
      intelligence and language comprehension. These deficits, however, were considered
      secondary to the profound speech programming disorder. The findings indicate
      that, despite the plasticity of the immature central nervous system, bilateral
      frontal injury sustained at an early age precludes the development of
      intelligible speech. Furthermore, structurally intact cortical regions outside
      the territories of the speech zones fail to mediate normal speech and language
      development.

PMID- 4027566
TI  - The role of the right hemisphere in the control of speech prosody in
      propositional and affective contexts.
AB  - Sixteen right-handed adult males with localized insult to either the right or
      left hemisphere and five control subjects without brain damage read aloud target
      sentences embedded in paragraphs, while intoning their voices in either a
      declarative, interrogative, happy, or sad mode. Acoustical analysis of the speech
      wave was performed. Right-anterior (pre-Rolandic) and right-central (pre- and
      post-Rolandic) brain-damaged patients spoke with less pitch variation and
      restricted intonational range across emotional and nonemotional domains, while
      patients with right posterior (post-Rolandic) damage had exaggerated pitch
      variation and intonational range across both domains. No such deficits were found
      in patients with left posterior damage, whose prosody was similar to that of
      normal control subjects. It is suggested that damage to the right hemisphere
      alone may result in a primary disturbance of speech prosody that may be
      independent of the disturbances in affect often noted in right-brain-damaged
      populations.

PMID- 4027567
TI  - Surface dyslexia: a regression effect?
AB  - Although the disorder of acquired surface dyslexia is considered as a
      pathological syndrome in the psycholinguistic and neuropsychological literature,
      it may also be conceived of as part of a general regression in functioning
      consequent upon brain damage. Data on some of the identified features of surface
      dyslexia were obtained from normal children learning to read and adult subjects,
      in order to examine the hypothesis that the symptoms are similar to the behavior
      of unskilled readers, suggesting regression as a more parsimonious explanation
      for the disorder. Attention is also drawn to problems in quantifying its major
      feature--the "regularity" effect.

PMID- 4027568
TI  - The discourse of thought-disordered schizophrenic children.
AB  - The conversations of two thought-disordered schizophrenic children and two age-
      and sex-matched normal children were studied in three different contexts.
      Cohesive relations and retrieval categories were analyzed. The thought-disordered
      schizophrenic and normal children demonstrated divergent patterns of discourse.
      These patterns closely paralleled those previously reported for adults by S.
      Rochester and J. R. Martin (1979, Crazy talk: A study of the discourse of
      schizophrenic speakers, New York: Plenum) for schizophrenic and normal adults,
      although some discrepancies were also observed. Recommendations for future
      research are offered.

PMID- 4027569
TI  - Information processing and speech lateralization in learning-disabled children.
AB  - The relationship between information processing and speech lateralization was
      investigated in learning-disabled children. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for
      Children (K-ABC) assessed simultaneous and successive processing while a dichotic
      listening paradigm with free recall and directed attention conditions assessed
      speech lateralization. A three-factor ANOVA design conducted on the dichotic data
      revealed that normal children demonstrated stronger right ear advantage (REA);
      whereas learning-disabled showed weaker right ear advantage. Further, lambda
      analyses conducted on individual subjects revealed that the learning-disabled did
      not demonstrate the REA, were not biased attenders, and did not get more right
      ear than left ear items when attention was directed to one ear. Multiple
      regression analysis was used to predict sequential processing from the dichotic
      data for both groups. Learning-disabled children demonstrated a substantial
      deficit in sequential processing as compared to normal children. These results
      indicate that learning-disabled children may not have adequate cerebral
      lateralization of receptive speech processes, shift their attention more readily,
      and are more inadequate in sequential processing that presumably subserves
      language functioning. Perhaps learning-disabled children have deficiencies of
      processor capacity of salient areas of the left (language) hemisphere.

PMID- 4027570
TI  - Effect of hypothyroidism on the size of spines of pyramidal neurons of the
      cerebral cortex.
AB  - We have previously shown that hypothyroidism produces a decrease in the number of
      spines counted along the apical shafts of pyramidal neurons of the cortex.
      Nevertheless, other authors have found that when an animal is subjected to some
      adverse living conditions the size of the spines decreases, making them invisible
      to the light microscope. The question arises then of whether the decrease in the
      number of spines reported by us in hypothyroid animals is real or is due to a
      shrinking effect. In order to elucidate this question the cross-surface area of
      dendritic spines of apical shafts belonging to 20- and 60-day-old rats,
      thyroidectomized at 10 days of age, as well as those of their corresponding
      controls were measured in different layers of their cortex, studied using
      conventional electron microscopic techniques. The application of the three-way
      analysis of variance model to these data has shown us that while the age of the
      animal produces a definite increase in the size of the spines, hypothyroidism
      does not produce any change in their size, leading us to the conclusion that the
      decrease in the number of spines previously reported is due to an actual loss of
      these elements.

PMID- 4027571
TI  - Lesions of the tissue surrounding the preoptic recess (AV3V region) affect
      neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular nuclei in the rat.
AB  - Lesions of the tissue surrounding the preoptic recess (AV3V region) have severe
      effects on body fluid homeostasis; these include acute adipsia and failure of the
      antidiuretic response. Because neurosecretory cells in supraoptic nuclei comprise
      the major source of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in this species, we have
      previously observed the fine structure of supraoptic nuclei in rats with AV3V
      lesions. Paraventricular nuclei are the other major source of ADH in rats.
      Therefore, in this investigation we compared the fine structure of
      paraventricular nuclei in rats which had received AV3V lesions 3 days earlier
      with that of control rats which had received sham lesions and either had drinking
      water available or had water withheld for 3 days. Degenerating axons and axon
      terminals were present in paraventricular nuclei of lesioned rats. The
      degenerating terminals were in axodendritic and less often in axosomatic
      synapses. Morphometric evaluation revealed that neurosecretory cells did respond
      to the dehydrated state of the adipsic-lesioned animals, but the response was
      significantly attenuated compared to that which occurred in sham-lesioned rats
      deprived of water for 3 days. It appears that AV3V lesions damage afferent
      connections and impair the response of neurosecretory cells to dehydration in
      paraventricular as well as supraoptic nuclei. However, in paraventricular nuclei
      the response is not completely prevented by AV3V lesions during the adipsic
      period as was observed in supraoptic nuclei. The presence of a response in
      paraventricular nuclei may be at least partially stimulated by reduced body fluid
      volume. Information from volume receptors would be carried from the medulla to
      paraventricular nuclei by ascending pathways which are not affected by AV3V
      lesions.

PMID- 4027572
TI  - Interaction of vasopressin with the nigro-striatal dopamine system: site and
      mechanism of action.
AB  - The results of the present experiments show that local microinjections of Arg8
      vasopressin into the nucl. caudatus cause an increase in the alpha-methyl-p
      tyrosine methylester-HCl-induced disappearance of dopamine (DA) at the site of
      administration of the peptide. It is suggested that the caudate nucleus is the
      site of action of the peptide with respect to its effect on nigrostriatal DA
      neurons. This conclusion is corroborated by both the finding that microinjection
      of Arg8-vasopressin into the A9 region, which contains the cell bodies of the
      nigrostriatal system, was ineffective, and the results of push-pull experiments
      which showed an enhancement in apparent DA release in the nucl. caudatus when
      Arg8-vasopressin was co-perfused through the cannula system. Arg8-vasopressin
      appears to have a rather modest effect on nucl. caudatus DA synthesis, as was
      deduced from the results of experiments in which the in vitro conversion of
      tritiated tyrosine into tritiated DA was measured following in vivo Arg8
      vasopressin administration as well as after in vitro incubation with the peptide.
      In conclusion, the interaction of vasopressin with the nigrostriatal DA system
      appears to be at the level of the DA terminals in the nucl. caudatus rather than
      at the level of the substantia nigra, and secondly, Arg8-vasopressin appears to
      affect DA release in the nucl. caudatus rather than DA synthesis.

PMID- 4027573
TI  - Regional distribution of catecholaminergic terminals in the pigeon visual system.
AB  - A glyoxilic acid histofluorescence technique was used in this study to determine
      the distribution of catecholaminergic (CA) terminals in the pigeon visual areas.
      Our results show that the main visual structures are under the influence of CA
      nuclei of the brain stem. In particular, the pigeon Wulst, like the mammalian
      visual cortex, is profusely innervated by CA terminals. In fact, dense CA
      afferents, most likely noradrenergic (NA) terminals, were found in the
      hyperstriatum intercalatus superior and the nucleus intercalatus hyperstriati
      accessorii; area which represent the terminal zone of the retino-thalamo
      hyperstriatal pathway. These results suggest a possible convergence of NA
      terminals and visual fibers on common target cells in the Wulst.

PMID- 4027574
TI  - Single unit activity in lateral reticular nucleus during cortically evoked
      masticatory movements in rabbits.
AB  - The activity pattern of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) neurones was analyzed
      during cortically evoked masticatory movements in anesthetized rabbits.
      Antidromic activation from the cerebellum and histological reconstruction of
      recorded neurones location from electrode tracks and microdrive readings were the
      criteria for neuronal identification. Tonic changes as well as rhythmic
      modulation of neuronal activity were found in a subpopulation of LRN cells during
      mastication. The same results were observed also in curarized rabbits during
      fictive mastication. These data support the view that LRN neurones are involved
      in a central mechanism controlling the masticatory movements.

PMID- 4027575
TI  - Structural evidence for the neurotoxicity of methylamphetamine in the frontal
      cortex of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus): a light and electron microscopical
      study.
AB  - Morphological alterations in the CNS were investigated in young gerbils treated
      with two injections of methylamphetamine (Meth) 8 h apart and killed 3, 5 and 7
      days after treatment. In gerbils treated with 2 X 35 mg/kg or higher doses of
      Meth and prepared according to the terminal degeneration method of Gallyas et al.
      (Stain Technol., 55 (1980) 299-306), silver precipitates occurred in lamina II
      and III of the frontal cortex. Electron microscopical studies showed degenerated
      terminals and neurons. After 3 days of survival we found affected but not
      degenerating pyramidal cells in the same area. Light microscopical observations
      after 5 and 7 days of survival indicate a recovery of these cells. All described
      morphological alterations could be suppressed when Meth was administered in
      combination with haloperidol. These data and the comparison of aminergic
      projections to the cortex are discussed on the basis of evidence that Meth
      induces alteration of mesocortical dopamine nerve fibers and their postsynaptic
      structures in the frontal cortex (FC). Present results indicate that
      morphological alterations in young gerbils after Meth treatment are limited to
      the FC. This is in contrast to the literature, which describes neurotoxic effects
      of Meth in the neostriatum of various adult mammalian species.

PMID- 4027576
TI  - Perinodal astrocytic processes at nodes of Ranvier in developing normal and glial
      cell deficient rat spinal cord.
AB  - This study examined, during normal development and during the development of a
      glial cell deficient axon population, the nature of astrocyte involvement at the
      central nodes of Ranvier on spinal cord axons. One condition examined was the
      ventral funiculus of normal 7-day-old rats. At this age, the lumbar spinal cord
      underwent an active phase of gliogenesis, and axons were seen in various stages
      of myelination. Perinodal astrocytic processes were routinely observed at nodes
      of axons on which myelin sheaths exceeded 8 compact lamellae. Perinodal
      astrocytic processes were also seen in close proximity to axolemma at most
      developing nodes. This study also examined the lumbar spinal cords of rats which
      were X-irradiated on the third postnatal day. This procedure caused a profound
      reduction in the astrocyte and oligodendrocyte population in 13- and 18-day-old
      rats, while sparing the neuronal elements. Thus, axo-glial relationships observed
      in this tissue are unlikely to be random occurrences. Despite the reduction in
      glial cells, some oligodendrocyte-myelinated axons were observed in the
      irradiated spinal cords. Perinodal astrocytes were seen at all oligodendrocyte
      derived nodes observed in the irradiated cord and appeared to have a specific
      relationship to the node of Ranvier. The presence of astrocytic processes at the
      normal, developing node and at the nodes in glial cell deficient spinal cords
      suggests that astrocytes may be necessary to the function of nodal axolemma. In
      irradiated spinal cords, where the glial cells are markedly reduced, apposition
      between astrocytic and oligodendrocytic membrane at the paranode and internode
      was also seen and was so common that it is highly unlikely to be due to random
      occurrences. These observations further suggest that in addition to the
      presumptive role at the nodes, astrocytes may play an inductive or supportive
      role in the development and maintenance of central myelin.

PMID- 4027577
TI  - Olfactory discrimination learning is blocked by leupeptin, a thiol protease
      inhibitor.
AB  - Rats were trained on successive two-odor discriminations with the cues randomly
      located in an 8-arm radial maze. After several days of training using different
      odor pairs, the thiol protease inhibitor leupeptin was infused into the
      ventricles and testing continued. Leupeptin caused a pronounced, dose-dependent
      and reversible deficit in performance in this task. Previous studies have shown
      that these drug concentrations do not influence spontaneous activity, feeding and
      drinking, or the acquisition and retention of avoidance conditioning. The results
      are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that a calcium-sensitive proteinase
      is involved in certain forms of memory that require modification of telencephalic
      circuitries.

PMID- 4027578
TI  - Grasping in the pigeon: mechanisms of motor control.
AB  - A quantitative analysis of grasping in the pigeon suggests important functional
      similarities between the visuomotor controls of the avian beak and the primate
      hand. Beak-opening (gape) during eating is directly proportional to target size
      and the adjustment is completed prior to contact. The control of gape size
      involves variations in both the velocity and duration of jaw opening and these
      parameters are mediated by different effector systems (jaw muscles, neck
      muscles). Nerve section experiments were used to identify jaw motoneurons which
      are components of the final common path for grasping. Grasping in the pigeon
      approximates the functional complexity of mammalian visuomotor behavior but is
      mediated by a relatively simple effector system.

PMID- 4027579
TI  - Crossing dendrites may be a substrate for synchronized activation of penile
      motoneurons.
AB  - The morphology of perineal and extensor hindlimb motoneurons in adult male rats
      was examined using retrograde labelling with wheat germ agglutinin and
      horseradish peroxidase. Bulbocavernosus and levator ani motoneurons, located in
      the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus, were organized as distinct clusters of
      motoneurons in the medial ventral area of the lumbar (L6-L5) spinal cord and
      possessed prominent contralaterally projecting dendritic arborizations. In
      similar experiments, laterally located soleus and extensor digitorum longus
      motoneurons did not exhibit a similar organization. These findings are discussed
      with respect to their possible role in the synchronized bilateral activation of
      penile muscles.

PMID- 4027580
TI  - Retinal origin of the fasciculus medialis tractus optici in adult goldfish.
AB  - In teleosts, the fasciculus medialis tractus optici departs the optic tract and
      follows an aberrant path towards the midbrain tectum. To determine the retinal
      origin of the fascicle, horseradish peroxidase was injected into localized
      lesions of either the optic nerve or the retina. The fasciculus medialis axons of
      adult goldfish derive selectively from ganglion cells residing in the
      dorsotemporal portion of the central retina. The fasciculus medialis appears to
      be an integral part of the chronotopic ordering of fibers in the optic tract.

PMID- 4027581
TI  - Reduced dipsogenic responsiveness to intracerebroventricularly administered
      angiotensin II in estrogen-treated rats.
AB  - Chronic administration of two doses of estradiol benzoate (30 and 46
      micrograms/kg/day) reduced the drinking response to acute administration of
      either isoproterenol (25 micrograms/kg, s.c.), the beta-adrenergic agonist, or
      angiotensin II (Ang II) (200 micrograms/kg, s.c.). The drinking response to
      intracerebroventricular administration of Ang II (40 ng/kg), but not carbachol
      (800 ng/kg), was also attenuated in estrogen-treated rats. An assessment of the
      Ang II binding in a diencephalic block of tissue from estrogen-treated rats
      revealed a significant reduction compared to untreated controls. The results
      suggest, but do not prove, that the reduced drinking response observed in
      estrogen-treated rats may be related to a reduction in the number of Ang II
      receptors in the brain.

PMID- 4027582
TI  - Splenic, renal, and cardiac nerves have unequal dependence upon tonic supraspinal
      inputs.
AB  - Stimulation of visceral receptors can lead to unequal reflex responses in
      splenic, renal and cardiac sympathetic nerves. Activity of splenic nerves is
      often more excited or less inhibited than that of cardiac or renal nerves. This
      study was undertaken to determine potential differences in resting discharge
      among these 3 nerves. Dependence upon supraspinal drive was evaluated by
      comparing the relative decrease in activity of these nerves in chloralose
      anesthetized cats 30 min to 2 h following high cervical spinal cord transection.
      After this transection, discharge rates of cardiac and renal nerves were
      significantly depressed to less than 50% of initial values. In contrast, splenic
      nerve activity was not significantly affected. To determine if this sustained
      splenic nerve activity resulted from greater responsiveness to potential external
      sources of excitation, splenic, renal and cardiac neural responses to factors
      known to affect sympathetic discharge in spinal animals were compared. Neither
      increased arterial pressure, decreased arterial pressure, systemic hypercapnia
      and acidosis, nor thoracolumbar dorsal rhizotomy revealed specific inputs
      responsible for the preferential maintenance of splenic nerve activity in spinal
      cats. It was concluded that ongoing activity of splenic nerves is less dependent
      upon supraspinal sources of excitation than is activity of renal or cardiac
      nerves. The cause of this difference among these 3 components of sympathetic
      outflow remains to be determined.

PMID- 4027583
TI  - Long-term effects of superior cervical ganglionectomy on cortical blood flow of
      non-anesthetized rabbits in resting and hypertensive conditions.
AB  - The long-term effects of sympathectomy on cerebral cortical blood flow (CBF) were
      studied in the conscious rabbit. The quantitative, repeated measurements of blood
      flow were made by determination of helium clearance by mass spectrometry and were
      obtained simultaneously with measurements of local tissue pO2 and pCO2. Eight to
      10 weeks after unilateral sympathectomy, resting blood flow in the homolateral
      cortex was decreased by a mean of 17% compared to the heterolateral cortex. In
      two animals in which blood flow was recorded both before and after the
      sympathectomy, the same phenomenon was observed from 8 to 30 days after the
      operation. The response to i.v. infusion of noradrenaline was identical in both
      hemispheres: doses inducing a 40% rise in blood pressure did not significantly
      modify CBF. The responses to angiotensin II-induced hypertension were also
      identical. Histochemical verifications demonstrated the effectiveness of the
      denervation in the pial arteries and the intraparenchymal arteries in the region
      studied. Thus the decrease in CBF induced by chronic sympathectomy cannot be
      attributed to the development of hypersensitivity to catecholamines. This
      decrease remained stable whatever the value of resting flow and was maintained
      under anesthesia. It is concluded that, as in the peripheral circulation, chronic
      sympathectomy affects the equilibrium of the vascular smooth muscle fibers, but
      that circulating amines play no compensatory role in the cerebral circulation
      because of the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 4027584
TI  - Neurotensin depolarizes substantia nigra dopamine neurones.
AB  - Neurotensin and the C-terminal 8-13 amino acid fragment were found to excite
      substantia nigra compacta dopamine neurones in vitro in a dose-dependent manner.
      The N-terminal 1-8 amino acid fragment was not active at the concentrations used.
      Desensitization was not observed. Intracellular recordings from the neurones
      responding to dopamine showed neurotensin-depolarized cells with an increase or
      no change in input resistance. These actions persisted in zero calcium, 8 mM
      magnesium artificial CSF suggesting a post-synaptic action.

PMID- 4027585
TI  - Increased brain norepinephrine metabolism correlated with analgesia produced by
      the periaqueductal gray injection of opiates.
AB  - Dose-dependent increases in 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate
      (MOPEG-SO4), a major metabolite of norepinephrine, were produced in the limbic
      forebrain and cerebral cortex 30 min after the bilateral injection of morphine
      into the periaqueductal gray (PAG). These effects were also elicited by similar
      injections of levorphanol. Highly significant correlations were obtained between
      the concentrations of MOPEG-SO4 and the analgesic effect of the opiates and
      opiate actions were antagonized by systemic naloxone. These results indicate that
      activation of opiate receptors in the PAG may elicit the involvement of
      noradrenergic systems in distant brain regions in the mediation of analgesia.

PMID- 4027586
TI  - Effect of blood pressure on A2 noradrenergic neurons.
AB  - Single-unit recordings of A2 noradrenergic neurons were obtained in urethane
      anesthetized rats. Norepinephrine-induced elevations in arterial pressure
      produced small decreases in the discharge rate of the cells; this effect was not
      observed in animals with bilateral sections of the ninth and tenth nerves. The
      activity of A2 cells was neither pulse-synchronous at high levels of arterial
      pressure nor significantly affected by carotid stretch. It is concluded that
      these neurons do not receive a significant baroreceptor input.

PMID- 4027587
TI  - Chromophores in the extraretinal photoreceptor (pineal organ) of teleosts.
AB  - We have demonstrated, using a highly sensitive high performance liquid
      chromatography technique, that the pineal organ (epiphysis cerebri) of the
      rainbow trout contains both 11-cis-retinal and 11-cis-3-dehydroretinal. These
      compounds were assumed to be the chromophores of pineal photopigments, because
      they were isomerized to all-trans forms by light-adaptation. The quantity of
      chromophores in the dark-adapted pineal organ was extremely low (9.2-29.1
      pmol/pineal), corresponding to approximately 1/300-1/1000 of that of the retina.

PMID- 4027588
TI  - Intracellular potentials of salamander mitral/tufted neurons in response to odor
      stimulation.
AB  - Intracellular responses of salamander mitral/tufted neurons to defined odor
      pulses are described. Responses to odor stimulation, which generally are more
      complex than responses to olfactory nerve or tract electrical stimulation, show
      periods of depolarization and hyperpolarization that are influenced by odor
      concentration and quality. The way these periods coincide with different types of
      spike patterns in individual cells supports the hypothesis that the temporal
      patterning of odor responses is generated by differential activation of bulbar
      circuits.

PMID- 4027589
TI  - Electrical stimulation of mesencephalic cell groups (A9-A10) produces
      monosynaptic excitatory potentials in rat frontal cortex.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra
      produces monosynaptic and polysynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials in rat
      frontal neurons that can be recorded intracellularly. The electrophysiological
      characteristics of the monosynaptic responses and the possibility that dopamine
      (DA) mediates these events are discussed.

PMID- 4027590
TI  - Effects of ganglioside treatment in rats with a lesion of the cholinergic
      forebrain nuclei.
AB  - The effects of GM1 ganglioside (30 mg/kg i.p.) administration for 22 days on
      choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and noradrenaline (NA) levels in the
      cerebral cortex and on the acquisition of active and passive avoidance
      conditioned responses were investigated in both sham-operated rats and in rats
      with a unilateral electrolytic lesion of the magnocellular forebrain nuclei
      (MFN). A statistically significant ChAT decrease in cortical areas ipsilateral to
      the lesion was found in saline-treated lesioned rats. In the lesioned GM1-treated
      rats, ChAT activity was only reduced in the frontoparietal areas and was
      significantly increased in the ipsilateral parietooccipital areas as well as in
      both contralateral regions. NA levels in the cortex were neither significantly
      affected by the lesion nor by GM1 treatment. The lesion impaired the acquisition
      of active and passive conditioned avoidance responses. GM1 treatment improved
      acquisition of the active avoidance response in the lesioned rats as indicated by
      a larger number of avoidances and a smaller number of escape failures during
      training in comparison with saline treatment. Ganglioside had no effect on the
      passive avoidance responses. These results demonstrate that GM1 administration
      facilitates the recovery of the cortical cholinergic system and of behavioral
      responses impaired by an electrolytic lesion of the cholinergic forebrain nuclei.

PMID- 4027591
TI  - Free and conjugated amino acids in human CSF: influence of age and sex.
AB  - An extended baseline characterization of amino acids (AAs) and related amino
      compounds in CSF is reported. Thirty-one amino compounds were measured in
      deproteinized CSF before and after acid hydrolysis using a triple-column
      HPLC/fluorometric analyzer. CSF specimens were collected under strictly
      controlled conditions from neurologically normal myelogram patients and carefully
      pooled with regard to subject age and sex. Consideration was given to factors
      which may produce artifactual alterations in AA levels during CSF collection,
      storage and handling. Conjugated AAs were determined as the difference between
      levels of free AAs (measured in CSF prior to hydrolysis) and total AAs (measured
      in hydrolyzed CSF) and are taken as an index of total CSF peptide AAs. Results
      documented conjugated forms of all non-acid-labile CSF AAs except citrulline and
      ethanolamine. In general, ratios of conjugated to free AAs were relatively low,
      however for the neurotransmitter AAs aspartate, glutamate, glycine and GABA as
      well as for beta-alanine hydrolysis produced marked increases indicating that
      these compounds are present predominantly in bound form in CSF. Results also
      revealed the significant influence of both age and sex on levels of a number of
      CSF free and conjugated AAs. Compared to younger individuals (those less than 40
      years of age), older individuals exhibited significantly higher levels of free
      aspartate, glycine, alpha-aminobutyric acid, valine, isoleucine, leucine,
      phenylalanine and 3-methylhistidine as well as significantly lower levels of free
      phosphoethanolamine, serine, GABA, homocarnosine, conjugated GABA and conjugated
      beta-alanine. Additionally, significantly higher levels of free tyrosine,
      ethanolamine, arginine and conjugated aspartate were documented in males compared
      to females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027593
TI  - Abnormal Y/X ratio in the area centralis of the Siamese cat.
AB  - The responses of X- and Y-type retinal ganglion cells were recorded in the optic
      tract of Siamese cats in order to investigate the encounter rate of Y-cells with
      respect to retinal eccentricity. The percentage of Y-cells in Siamese cats was
      highest in or near the area centralis and it decreased with eccentricity. This is
      in contrast to the proportion of Y-cells in normally pigmented cats, which was
      lowest in the area centralis and increased with eccentricity. Thus, the Y/X ratio
      in Siamese cats is higher in the area centralis, but significantly lower in the
      peripheral retina compared to those in normal controls. The lower percentage of Y
      cells in the periphery parallels an additional finding that Y-cells exhibiting
      very high conduction velocities were missing from the Siamese cat optic tract.
      Finally, the receptive-field center (RFC) size of X-cells in the area centralis
      was larger in Siamese cats, and the correlation between the RFC size and
      conduction velocity was weak in these animals. The results are discussed in terms
      of behavioral deficits in Siamese cat vision.

PMID- 4027592
TI  - Regional distribution of a novel pituitary protein (7B2) in the rat brain.
AB  - The regional distribution of a novel pituitary protein (7B2) in the rat brain was
      studied using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive (IR)-7B2
      was distributed throughout the brain, with the highest concentrations in the
      pituitary, hypothalamus and basal ganglia. Immunoreactive 7B2 from the brain and
      other tissues had an apparent molecular weight of around 20,000 as estimated by
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as observed with other tissues. In
      homozygous Brattleboro rats which do not synthesize vasopressin or its associated
      neurophysin, IR-7B2 levels in the brain and pituitary gland were shown to be
      similar to those of control animals. Furthermore, the molecular weight of 7B2 in
      the brain and pituitary gland of homozygous Brattleboro rats was similar to that
      of control animals.

PMID- 4027594
TI  - Profound disturbances of spontaneous and learned behaviors following lesions of
      the nucleus basalis magnocellularis in the rat.
AB  - It has been shown that a marked decline in the cortical activity of the
      cholinergic synthesizing enzyme choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT), accompanied by
      a severe neuronal loss in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of Meynert occurs
      in the brains of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. However,
      the functional role of these neurons is largely unknown. In fact, very few
      studies have been done in animals. In this paper we report the behavioral effects
      of the lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis in the rat either by
      radiofrequency current or by ibotenic acid injection at the level of the cell
      bodies. The two kinds of lesion lead to a profound disturbance of spontaneous and
      learned behaviors. There is a complete disorganization of behavior which is
      evidenced by an enhanced locomotor activity, an alteration in alimentary and
      hoarding behavior. In addition, we observed a deterioration of spatial memory and
      an incapacity to reverse a previously learned response. Biochemical assay showed
      that radiofrequency and ibotenic acid lesions produced a decrease of ChAT
      activity in the prefrontal and sensorimotor cortices and in amygdala without
      affecting the hippocampus or striatum. Ibotenic acid lesions seem to specifically
      destroy the cell bodies of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis since the
      dopaminergic and noradrenergic fibers of passage remained intact as measured by
      the unchanged level of endogenous catecholamine concentration in the terminal
      region in the prefrontal cortex. Presently, it cannot be said that the behavioral
      syndrome results solely from the lesion of the cholinergic neurons. Also, it is
      likely that the lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis in the rat does not
      exactly reproduce the behavioral syndrome observed in Alzheimer's disease in man.
      However, this experimental approach in leading to a better knowledge of the
      functioning of these neurones could improve our understanding of this disease.

PMID- 4027595
TI  - Influence of olfactory bulb on dendritic knob density of rat olfactory receptor
      neurons in vitro.
AB  - The maturation of olfactory receptor cells is facilitated by the presence of
      their target tissue, the olfactory bulb. Organ cultures of embryonic rat
      olfactory mucosa (OM) maintained in the presence of the presumptive olfactory
      bulb (POB) had a significantly higher (1.6 X) density of ciliated dendritic knobs
      than those without the POB. No significant difference was found in the density of
      non-ciliated dendritic knobs and total knob density in these two groups of
      cultures. A control group of explants in which the OM and POB had been separated
      and recombined also showed an increased ciliated dendritic knob density. The area
      of the olfactory epithelium was the same whether or not the POB was present. In
      addition, scanning electron microscopy observations revealed a high degree of
      heterogeneity in the surface morphology of the olfactory epithelium.

PMID- 4027596
TI  - Cortical acetylcholine efflux with hypercapnia and nociceptive stimulation.
AB  - In rabbits anesthetized with 70% N2O-30% O2, the rate of efflux of acetylcholine
      (ACh) from the cerebral cortex doubled during hypercapnia (increase of end-tidal
      CO2 from 4 to 8%), and during mild nociceptive stimulation of the tail. Under
      0.7% halothane anesthesia, the control rate of ACh efflux was lower than that
      under N2O; the rate rose 2-fold during hypercapnia and 4-fold during tail
      stimulation. In the absence of systemic atropinization, increase in ACh efflux
      was correlated with a shift in EEG from high- to low-voltage ('activated'); after
      systemic atropinization EEG remained in the high-voltage state, but the changes
      in ACh efflux with hypercapnia and stimulation were not affected. Following
      transection of the midbrain, ACh efflux was markedly depressed and did not change
      during hypercapnia. Taken in context with the previously known facts that the
      cerebral hyperemia of hypercapnia is potentiated by cholinesterase inhibition and
      attenuated by atropine or decerebration, the present results support the concept
      of a cholinergic regulation of the cerebral vasculature.

PMID- 4027597
TI  - Voltage- and current-clamp recordings of the receptor potential in olfactory
      receptor cells in situ.
AB  - Intracellular recordings obtained using the whole cell configuration of the patch
      recording technique show that isolated somas of olfactory receptor cells are
      electrogenic, producing fast overshooting action potentials when depolarized. In
      situ, these cells produce graded receptor potentials and action potentials when
      stimulated chemically. The receptor potential can be voltage clamped for analysis
      of the ionic basis of sensory transduction in olfaction.

PMID- 4027598
TI  - Kainic acid-induced seizures: dose-relationship of behavioural, neurochemical and
      histopathological changes.
AB  - Behavioural, neurochemical and histopathological changes induced by systemic
      injection of kainic acid were investigated at various doses of the neurotoxin (3,
      6 and 10 mg/kg s.c.). There was a positive correlation between the dose of kainic
      acid and the extent of both the acute neurochemical changes 3 h after the
      injection (increases of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic
      acid levels and a decrease in noradrenaline levels in all brain regions
      investigated), the acute histopathological changes (shrinkage and condensation of
      nerve cells and brain oedema in the entire forebrain) and the extent of
      behavioural alterations (immobility, 'wet dog shakes' and limbic seizures).
      However, the slope of the dose-response curves was very steep. Late and
      irreversible alterations included losses of the enzyme markers glutamic acid
      decarboxylase and choline acetyltransferase and, histopathologically, incomplete
      parenchymal necrosis and haemorrhages. These changes, however, were restricted to
      a few brain regions, the most important being the hippocampus, amygdala,
      entorhinal and pyriform cortex, and olfactory bulb, and they were seen only in
      animals which had undergone severe convulsions. It is suggested that the
      irreversible brain lesions in this animal model of limbic (temporal lobe)
      epilepsy are not solely induced by a direct action of kainic acid, but may be
      caused--at least in part--by additional, secondary pathogenetic mechanisms.

PMID- 4027599
TI  - Hypertrophy of cholinergic neurones of the rat basal nucleus following section of
      the corpus callosum.
AB  - The effect of division of the corpus callosum on immunohistochemically identified
      cholinergic neurones of the basal nucleus has been examined in rats. Following
      callosal section the cholinergic cell bodies on both sides are significantly
      larger (25%) than those in normal animals. This hypertrophy persists for at least
      62 days after operation, the longest survival time examined. It is greatest when
      the animal is operated on in infancy, but it occurs at all ages examined. The
      enlargement is similar to that seen in the cells of the same nucleus on one side
      following contralateral cortical damage.

PMID- 4027600
TI  - Retinal and tectal responses to alternating gratings are unaffected by monocular
      deprivation in pigeons.
AB  - Retinal and tectal potentials to alternating gratings were recorded in pigeons
      raised monocularly deprived. Deprived eyes showed consistent myopia and anterior
      posterior axis elongation. In addition, vitreal opacities were observed in 70% of
      the deprived eyes. In pigeons with vitreal opacities, a reduction of retinal and
      tectal response amplitude was consistently found in the high spatial frequency
      range. Pigeons with clear media of the deprived eyes showed normal retinal and
      tectal responses.

PMID- 4027601
TI  - Effects of intrahypothalamic kainic acid injection on taurine levels, binding and
      uptake.
AB  - The neurochemical effects of unilateral intrahypothalamic injection of kainic
      acid on taurine levels and synaptosomal uptake and binding of taurine were
      investigated. Seven days after the kainic acid injections, there were no changes
      in either taurine uptake or binding. However, taurine levels were significantly
      increased by 54% over the control contralateral side. These data are consistent
      with the hypothesis that taurine is localized in glial cells; the increased
      levels being a result of gliosis after kainic acid injections.

PMID- 4027602
TI  - Electrophysiological evidence for the presence of fibers in continuity between
      dorsal and ventral roots in the cat.
AB  - Action potentials were recorded from the L7 or S1 dorsal root of the cat
      following stimulation of the peripheral end of the cut ventral root of the same
      segment. Conversely, action potentials were also recorded from the ventral root
      while stimulating the peripheral end of the cut dorsal root. Based on the
      conduction velocities of 52 single fibers, one-third were A delta-fibers and the
      remaining two-thirds belonged to the C-fiber category. These results suggest that
      there are both A- and C-fibers in continuity between the dorsal and the ventral
      root.

PMID- 4027603
TI  - The descending alpha-MSHergic (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-ergic)
      projections from the zona incerta and lateral hypothalamic area to the inferior
      colliculus and spinal cord in the rat.
AB  - Neuronal pathways containing alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)
      extending from the zona incerta and lateral hypothalamic area to the inferior
      colliculus and spinal cord were analyzed using both immunohistochemical
      localization and a retrograde tracer. Biotinized horseradish peroxidase injected
      into the inferior colliculus or the thoracic cord of the rat labeled a number of
      neurons in the zona incerta and lateral hypothalamic area. Simultaneous
      immunostaining of the same sections with alpha-MSH antiserum showed that some of
      these neurons are alpha-MSHergic.

PMID- 4027604
TI  - In vitro dopamine biosynthesis in the median eminence of rat hypothalamic slices:
      possible involvement of a Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism.
AB  - Equimolar replacement of Na+ in medium with choline chloride or sucrose and
      experimental manipulations known to increase [Na+]i, such as ouabain addition and
      K+ deprivation from medium, caused a marked increase in in vitro DOPA synthesis
      in the median eminence of rat hypothalamic slices in a Ca2+-dependent manner.
      These results suggest that a Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism is closely involved in
      the regulation of dopamine biosynthesis in tuberoinfundibular neurons.

PMID- 4027605
TI  - Tonotopic organization in the midbrain of a teleost fish.
AB  - Recordings from small clusters of units within the auditory midbrain of the
      Japanese carp, Cyprinus carpio, provide the first evidence for tonotopy within
      the teleost brain. These findings suggest that place mechanisms of frequency
      coding and tonotopy, previously thought to have evolved first in amphibians, may
      be general and ancient features of the vertebrate auditory system.

PMID- 4027606
TI  - Responses of pulvinar neurons to real and self-induced stimulus movement.
AB  - Many neurons in the pulvinar nuclei of awake monkeys respond to real image motion
      while the animal maintains fixation. Many of these same cells do not discharge to
      comparable stimulus movement when it is caused by an eye movement. This lack of
      sensory response is most likely mediated by an extraretinal signal.

PMID- 4027607
TI  - Receptive field size of hair follicle afferents in rats treated neonatally with
      capsaicin.
AB  - Receptive field parameters of G- and D-hair units were investigated in adult rats
      given capsaicin as neonates. An air jet stimulator mounted on a two-way
      micromanipulator was used for accurate mapping of receptive fields. Diameters of
      G- and D-hair unit receptive fields were similar in both control and treated
      groups averaging 2.14 and 2.44 mm respectively with a 1.5 X threshold stimulus.
      It is concluded that the reported expansion of rat spinal cord cutaneous
      receptive fields following capsaicin treatment does not have any significant
      peripheral component.

PMID- 4027608
TI  - Inhibition of nociceptive evoked activity in spinal neurons through a dorsal
      column-brainstem-spinal loop.
AB  - In decerebrate-decerebellate cats, dorsal column stimulation (DCst), rostral to
      bilateral dorsal column cuts, inhibited dorsal horn neurons discharging to
      various types of nociceptive stimuli. Similar inhibitory effects were observed
      from conditioning nucleus raphe magnus stimulation. Activation of this dorsal
      column-brainstem-spinal loop could be part of an important supraspinal "gating'
      system to account for the alleviation of pain both by DCst and peripheral nerve
      stimulation in man.

PMID- 4027609
TI  - Sympathetic activation of unmyelinated mechanoreceptors in cat skin.
AB  - In single unit recordings from the saphenous nerve in anesthetized cats, afferent
      units were functionally identified as unmyelinated (C) mechanoreceptors. All
      units responded to stimulation of the sympathetic trunk with a repetitive
      discharge which was maintained throughout the period of stimulation. This
      discharge was asynchronous with respect to efferent activity and was unaffected
      by brief occlusion of the arterial blood supply. The mechanism underlying the
      strong excitatory action of the sympathetic system on these afferents is not
      known although changes in blood flow and temperature can be ruled out. It is
      suggested that the primary function of these afferents may be to signal
      conditions within the skin for regulatory purposes rather than to encode external
      mechanical events.

PMID- 4027610
TI  - Terminations of primary afferents on lumbar motoneurons in the turtle Pseudemys
      scripta elegans.
AB  - The existence of monosynaptic contacts between primary afferents and motoneurons
      in the lumbar spinal cord of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans was
      demonstrated by intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase. Three
      afferent-motoneuron combinations were satisfactorily labeled and revealed 1, 4
      and 6 contacts respectively. All contacts were made on the dorsal dendritic tree
      of the motoneurons. It is suggested that the contacting primary afferents are
      from muscle spindles.

PMID- 4027611
TI  - Sexual dimorphism of pleopod motor neurons in lobster.
AB  - Sexual dimorphism of the efferent neurons that innervate the pleopods in the
      first abdominal segment of the lobster was examined with nickel/cobalt
      backfilling techniques. An average of 28.8 somata (maximum of 31) were stained in
      the female while the mean number of male efferent somata was 25.8 (maximum of
      28). These differences are statistically significant. All except one of these
      somata are situated close to the base of the ipsilateral first root. They are
      organized into large anterior (13-21 somata) and small posterior (8-13) clusters.
      One soma is located on the contralateral side of the ganglion.

PMID- 4027613
TI  - A comparison of the number of neurons in individual laminae of cortical areas 17,
      18 and posteromedial suprasylvian (PMLS) area in the cat.
AB  - The binocular region of area 17 (17B) has a greater number of neurons under a
      given unit of cortical surface (NC, number per column) than either the monocular
      region of area 17 (17M), area 18 or the posteromedial suprasylvian area (PMLS).
      The latter three areas follow the general principle of basic uniformity in the
      number of neurons under given units of cortical surface formulated by Rockel et
      al. This basic uniformity is maintained in layers I and II. The NC of other
      layers varies. The greatest differences are found in layer IV where the NC of
      each area is significantly different from that of each other area. Though the
      difference between layer IV of 17M and of either 18 and PMLS is largely offset by
      changes in the third layer, layers V (PMLS) and VI (18 and PMLS) also contribute
      to the compensation. The compensation between 18 and PMLS is due entirely to
      changes in layer VI. It is important to note that there are statistically
      demonstrable interindividual differences in the neuronal NC of the cats used in
      the present study. We suggest that these may be due to age, breeding, or rearing
      conditions, probably the latter.

PMID- 4027612
TI  - Down-regulation of neural corticosterone receptors by corticosterone and
      dexamethasone.
AB  - Stress or elevated corticosterone titers can reduce the concentration of
      corticosterone receptors in the brain. We demonstrate that corticosterone and the
      related glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, induce different anatomical patterns of
      such 'down-regulation'. Corticosterone administration reduces receptor number in
      the hippocampus, particularly the CA1 and CA2 pyramidal cell fields, but nowhere
      else in the brain or pituitary. In contrast, equivalent dosages of dexamethasone
      down-regulate pituitary, amygdaloid and hypothalamic corticosterone receptor
      numbers. These different anatomical profiles of sensitivity to down-regulation
      appear due to differential access of the two steroids to the receptor pools.

PMID- 4027614
TI  - Determination of excitability in human proprioceptive reflexes: analysis and
      characteristics of EMG thresholds of postural muscle.
AB  - In order to derive indirect indices of reflex excitability, human soleus (Sol) H
      reflex and direct M response threshold intensities (HT, MT) were determined by
      probit analysis of quantal responses elicited in the surface electromyogram
      (EMG). Within sessions, HT and MT co-varied with respect to time along a
      logarithmic time-course, both attaining effectively stable levels after 40-60 min
      of recording. The pattern of this co-variation was imposed by non-reflex factors,
      primarily the electrode system employed. Sampling distributions of stable
      thresholds were positively skewed (median values: HT, 5.20 mA, MT, 6.83 mA), and
      concurrently determined values were strongly correlated (r = 0.965). The Sol
      threshold ratio (HT/MT) was largely unaffected by non-reflex factors and was
      therefore stable within subjects, both within sessions (with respect to time) and
      between sessions. This ratio was normally distributed (mean = 0.753 +/- 0.079
      S.D.). Criteria of indirect indices of reflex excitability are proposed: HT
      satisfies the criteria applicable to a relative index. However, the
      characteristics of the threshold ratio permit its use as a powerful absolute
      index of proprioceptive reflex excitability.

PMID- 4027615
TI  - Induction of brain tubulin by triiodothyronine: dual effect of the hormone on the
      synthesis and turnover of the protein.
AB  - The relative effects of triiodothyronine (T3) on the synthesis and turnover of
      tubulin in the developing rat and chick brain have been examined. Measurements of
      rates of turnover of radiolabeled tubulin in the hormone-sensitive tissues show
      that the half-life of tubulin turnover is 4-6 h in the absence of T3 and 10-12 h
      in the presence of the hormone. Analysis of short-term kinetic data on the
      stimulation of tubulin by T3 in the chick brain show that the rapid induction is
      due to a dual effect of the hormone on the metabolism of tubulin--an increase in
      the rate of synthesis as well as a decline in its rate of turnover.

PMID- 4027616
TI  - Intracranial potentials correlated with an event-related potential, P300, in the
      cat.
AB  - Intracranial recordings of long-latency, event-related potentials were obtained
      from paralyzed, artificially respirated cats. A modified oddball paradigm was
      employed in which cats were presented with a randomized series of two tones, a
      'frequent' 4 kHz stimulus and a 'rare' 1 kHz stimulus. A tail shock was
      administered 700 ms after onset of the rare tone. Under these circumstances the
      stimulus elicited a positive component at the vertex similar to the human P300.
      Intracranial potentials associated with the rare tone usually manifested
      components of greater amplitude than did potentials associated with the frequent
      tone. A positive component occurring in latency between 200 and 350 ms only
      accompanied the presentation of the rare stimulus. The P300 component, which was
      positive at the dura, appeared as a negative component within a few millimeters
      of the surface over a wide area of the marginal and suprasylvian gyri. Changing
      the probability of the rare stimulus resulted in a reduction in the amplitudes of
      both the intracranial negative component and the P300 recorded at the skull.
      Components of large amplitude associated with the rare stimulus were obtained
      from the region of the hippocampus. These components reversed polarity, sometimes
      more than once, as the electrode was advanced. Substantial latency differences
      were often observed between the P300 recorded at the skull and P300-like
      intracranial components associated with the rare stimulus. These results suggest
      that the cortices of the marginal and suprasylvian gyri and the hippocampal
      region contribute to the generation of the cat P300.

PMID- 4027617
TI  - High-resolution 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography in quick-frozen slabs of neonatal
      rat olfactory bulb.
AB  - We have used rapid freezing and freeze-substitution fixation to permit electron
      microscopic study of [3H]2-deoxyglucose autoradiographs. The techniques minimize
      diffusion of label into processing fluids and, by inference, migration of label
      within tissue. Slabs of olfactory bulbs from 12-day-old rats were quick-frozen
      after one hour of exposure to physiological olfactory stimuli. In light
      microscopic autoradiographs at low magnification, the neuropil of individual
      olfactory glomeruli appeared uniformly labeled with different levels of labeling
      in different glomeruli. At higher magnification, glomerular neuropil labeling
      consisted of small unlabeled regions surrounded by label clusters, suggesting
      greater deoxyglucose uptake by olfactory nerve terminals as compared with their
      postsynaptic dendrites. Periglomerular neurons were labeled differentially. Some
      microglia and glia precursor cells were heavily labeled in all bulbar laminae.
      The ultrastructure of cells and neuropil in all bulbar laminae was well
      preserved. Cell processes and organelles could be identified in both stained
      sections and unstained electron microscopic autoradiographs. These experiments
      demonstrate the feasibility of combining quick-freezing with freeze substitution,
      in order to extend the resolution of studies using diffusable tracers such as 2
      deoxyglucose. The results suggest that this is a promising method for assessing
      several controversies concerning deoxyglucose incorporation and neuronal and
      glial metabolism.

PMID- 4027618
TI  - Antisera to different glycolipids induce myelin alterations in mouse spinal cord
      tissue cultures.
AB  - To study the demyelinative effects of antibodies to glycolipids, well-myelinated
      cultures of mouse spinal cord tissue were exposed to antisera against
      galactocerebroside and two gangliosides (GM1 and GM4), as well as to anti-white
      matter antiserum. The demyelinative process was evaluated by morphologic and
      biochemical techniques. Cultures exposed to anti-white matter and anti
      galactocerebroside antisera showed the most marked changes. These consisted of a
      decrease in the number of oligodendroglial cells and dissolution and phagocytosis
      of myelin. Concomitantly, the activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'
      phosphohydrolase (CNPase) was decreased by 60-70%. This occurred within 24 h of
      exposure to a relatively low concentration of serum (10%). Cultures exposed to
      anti-GM1 and anti-GM4 antisera showed similar changes but to a lesser degree. The
      CNPase activity was decreased about 30% within 48 h of exposure to a 25%
      concentration of these antisera. This diminution represents about a 20% loss of
      myelin, an observation corroborated by electron microscopy where myelin but not
      oligodendroglial cell loss was observed. Therefore, in addition to anti
      galactocerebroside activity, which was previously found to be the major antibody
      responsible for the demyelinating activity induced by anti-whole CNS tissue
      antiserum, these data suggest that antibodies to gangliosides like GM1 and GM4
      might also play a role in immune-mediated demyelination, including perhaps, the
      human demyelinating diseases.

PMID- 4027619
TI  - The response of optic tract glia during regeneration of the goldfish visual
      system. II. Tectal factors stimulate optic tract glia.
AB  - After transection, retinal ganglion cell axons of the goldfish will regenerate by
      growing into a primary target tissue, the optic tectum. To determine what role
      the target tissue may play in regulating glial cell growth, we measured
      biosynthetic activity of optic tract glia following excision of the optic tectum
      and compared it to activity of glia found in the regenerating visual system.
      Ablation of the tectum reduced glial incorporation of both [3H]thymidine and
      [35S]methionine. Tectal ablation also led to nearly 80% reduction of amino acids
      incorporated by oligodendroglia as well as a decrease in the amount of newly
      synthesized protein found within multipotential glia and within cytoplasmic
      projections of astroglia. Since the tectal influence upon optic tract glia was
      detected at a time when tract and tectum are physically separated, we sought to
      determine if the optic tectum contained soluble glia-promoting factors. A soluble
      fraction recovered from tecta of the regenerating visual system increased amino
      acid incorporation within optic tract glia at 2-3-fold above preparations
      incubated with fractions from control, intact tecta. Comparisons of radiolabeled
      proteins separated by sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from
      regenerating and factor-stimulated optic tract were similar and indicated that a
      soluble tectal fraction promoted biosynthesis of specific glial proteins. Our
      findings suggest that during regeneration of the goldfish visual system glia are
      influenced by humoral factor(s) released from the synaptic target site.

PMID- 4027620
TI  - Effects of neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate on circadian locomotor
      rhythm in the rat.
AB  - In order to study the effects of treatment with monosodium glutamate (MSG) during
      the neonatal period on the intrinsic circadian timekeeping system in rats, the
      locomotor activity of blinded MSG-treated and control (saline-treated) rats was
      analyzed with power spectral analysis and cross-correlation. In contrast to a
      robust free-running circadian rhythm in the control rats, a significant
      shortening of the circadian period and rapid decomposition into ultradian
      components were noted in the MSG-treated rats. Computer-assisted stereometry of
      the hypothalamic nuclei revealed that, in addition to the well-known severe
      damage in the arcuate nuclei (ARC), the volumes of the suprachiasmatic nuclei
      (SCN) and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMH) were also reduced significantly
      in the MSG-treated rats. Although no gross histological damage was apparent in
      either the SCN and VMH, neonatal MSG treatment appears to impair the function of
      SCN to integrate many minor oscillations in the brain into a single, definite and
      precise circadian period.

PMID- 4027621
TI  - Effect of reduction of cholinergic input on the concentration of specific
      proteins in different cortical regions of the rat brain.
AB  - The effect of lesioning the nucleus of the tractus diagonalis on the
      concentration of specific proteins in the hippocampus and the occipital cortex
      was assessed. Rats received either a sham or an electrolytic lesion and were
      killed 9 or 35 days later. Tissue samples were removed by microdissection and
      proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Gels were stained
      with silver, and then analyzed by quantitative computerized scanning
      densitometry. Of the 143 proteins analyzed, only four were found to be altered in
      concentration in both brain areas as a result of the lesion. Protein 82
      (molecular weight 39,000, pI 6.5) was reduced 71% in the hippocampus and 50% in
      the occipital cortex 9 days after the lesion, while protein 109 (molecular weight
      32,000, pI 6.4) was elevated 140% in the hippocampus and 130% in the occipital
      cortex at the same time point. Protein 6 (molecular weight 58,000, pI 5.7) was
      unchanged 9 days after the lesion but was elevated in concentration in both the
      hippocampus and the occipital cortex 35 days after lesioning. Protein 74
      (molecular weight 39,000, pI 5.8) was elevated in concentration both 9 and 35
      days after lesioning in the occipital cortex, but only at day 35 in the
      hippocampus. These results demonstrate that the concentration of these four
      proteins may be regulated by the cholinergic input to the hippocampus and the
      occipital cortex. The possibility exists that one or more of these proteins may
      be related to either the muscarinic or nicotinic cholinergic receptor in rat
      brain.

PMID- 4027622
TI  - Systemic and nigral application of amphetamine both cause an increase in
      extracellular concentration of ascorbate in the caudate nucleus of the rat.
AB  - Unmodified microvoltammetric electrodes and electrochemically modified
      cylindrical electrodes, both constructed from carbon fibers, were used to
      determine changes in ascorbate concentration in the caudate nucleus of the
      anesthetized rat following administration of amphetamine. The increased ascorbate
      levels with systemic amphetamine originate from a CNS source, since the response
      is not eliminated in adrenalectomized animals, and does not occur when p
      hydroxyamphetamine, an agent with peripheral actions similar to amphetamine, is
      used as a stimulus. Local application of amphetamine in the caudate nucleus
      results in an increase in catechols. However, this procedure results in a
      decrease of the extracellular concentration of ascorbate. Unilateral nigral
      infusion of dopamine or amphetamine leads to a significant increase in the
      concentrations of ascorbate detected bilaterally in the caudate nuclei with in
      vivo electrochemistry. In contrast, the paradigm causes a decrease in
      extracellular catechols on the ipsilateral side and an increase on the
      contralateral side. These experiments demonstrate that the extracellular level of
      ascorbate is not correlated with dopamine secretion. Furthermore, the data show
      that the action of amphetamine on ascorbate concentration in the caudate nucleus
      is in part mediated by the nigral actions of amphetamine.

PMID- 4027623
TI  - Projection of the digit and wrist area of precentral gyrus to the putamen:
      relation between topography and physiological properties of neurons in the
      putamen.
AB  - The autoradiographic technique was used to examine the projection from the digit
      and wrist area of the precentral gyrus to the putamen in two macaque monkeys.
      Motor responses elicited by intracortical microstimulation were mapped to guide
      selection of the site of injection of isotope. Additionally, an
      electrophysiological study of the activity of putamen neurons during voluntary
      movements of the distal arm in an awake monkey was performed prior to the
      anatomical study in one of the animals. Two major findings resulted from this
      study. Firstly, the area of representation of the digits and wrist in area 4
      gives rise to a substantial projection to the putamen. The distribution of
      terminals consisted of a simple pattern of clusters at anterior levels of the
      putamen. At caudal levels in the putamen, the clusters merged into a single
      diagonal band of label. This basic pattern was found to be virtually identical in
      the two monkeys. Secondly, the location of neurons in the putamen which were
      activated during voluntary movements of the distal arm was closely associated
      with the terminal distribution of fibers from the digit and wrist zone of area 4.
      These data provide strong evidence to support the idea that the putamen is
      concerned with motor function of distal muscles of the arm, and that the
      topographic characteristics of the corticoputamen projection are closely related
      to the physiological properties of individual neurons in the putamen.

PMID- 4027624
TI  - 28 K cholecalcin (CaBP) levels in abnormal cerebella: studies on mutant mice and
      harmaline- and 3-acetylpyridine-treated rats.
AB  - The cerebellar Purkinje cells of both birds and mammals contain a specific
      calcium-binding protein, 28 K cholecalcin (CaBP). This is the same protein as the
      vitamin D-dependent kidney CaBP, but its Purkinje cell level is apparently
      vitamin D independent. The cerebellar CaBP contents of 3-acetylpyridine- and
      harmaline-treated rats and 5 mutant mouse strains (Purkinje cell degeneration,
      reeler, weaver, staggerer and nervous) were measured using a specific
      radioimmunoassay. The results indicate that the level of cerebellar CaBP is not
      dependent on the physiological state of the Purkinje cells but is an intrinsic
      measure of the size of the Purkinje cell population.

PMID- 4027626
TI  - Analgesia elicited by prefrontal stimulation.
AB  - Bipolar stimulating electrodes were placed into the medial prefrontal cortex
      (PFC) or control sites (occipital or cerebellar cortices) in adult male rats.
      Subsequently, it was determined that PFC stimulation resulted in a significant
      elevation of nociceptive response latencies, as tested using hot plate and tail
      flick techniques. Stimulation in control sites did not produce an increase in
      these response latencies. Rats receiving PFC stimulation were able to respond
      normally to various innocuous stimuli. Furthermore, seizures were not observed in
      these rats. These facts indicated that PFC stimulation did not disorient the
      animals nor inhibit their voluntary motor activity. The results of this study
      seem to indicate that the PFC is a site from which stimulus-produced analgesia
      may be elicited.

PMID- 4027625
TI  - Presaccadic 'spike' potential: investigation of topography and source.
AB  - Approximately 15-30 ms before a saccade, a large-amplitude, relatively short
      duration potential whose source has not previously been determined with
      certainty, can be recorded from the scalp in man. We have measured the surface
      topography of this potential during horizontal saccades in normal subjects and
      have found it to be maximal near the eye on the side ipsilateral to the direction
      of the saccade. Dipole modelling predicts a source near the eye ipsilateral to
      the direction of gaze, and the application of source derivation supports such an
      origin. Measurements of the potential close to the orbits in normal subjects and
      in patients with a unilateral abducens nerve palsy, exenterated orbit or ocular
      prosthesis suggest that it is a summation potential derived from the ipsilateral
      lateral rectus and contralateral medial rectus muscles. It is hypothesized that
      the potential may arise as a result of the synchronized recruitment of motor
      units in the extraocular muscles prior to the commencement of the saccade.

PMID- 4027627
TI  - Prefrontal influences upon the midbrain: a possible route for pain modulation.
AB  - After implanting stimulating electrodes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult
      male rats, the response to PFC stimulation was studied in widely scattered
      neurons of the midbrain. Subsequent testing was performed to determine if the
      firing rates of PFC-responsive neurons could also be altered by either a noxious
      stimulus (foot pinch) or the microiontophoretic administration of various
      neurotransmitter substances (methionine-enkephalin, ME; norepinephrine, NE;
      acetylcholine, ACh). Numerous mesencephalic neurons were identified which altered
      their spontaneous firing rates in response to PFC stimulation. Following PFC
      stimulation, most (71%) neurons decreased their firing rates. It was also noted
      that most (78%) PFC-responsive neurons were also responsive to noxious
      stimulation. Of these neurons, 65% altered their firing rates in a similar manner
      in response to both PFC and noxious stimuli. The remainder of the neurons which
      altered their firing rates in response to both PFC and noxious stimulation
      responded to the two types of stimuli in opposite manners. Of this latter type,
      it was found that when PFC and noxious stimuli were administered concurrently,
      PFC stimulation abolished the response to the noxious stimulus. It was also
      observed that the microiontophoretic administration of either ME or NE frequently
      (100% and 52% respectively) mimicked the response to PFC stimulation, thereby
      suggesting that these neurotransmitters may be involved in mediating the PFC
      influence upon neurons in the midbrain.

PMID- 4027629
TI  - Endogenous asymmetry of rat brain lipids and dominance of the right cerebral
      hemisphere in free fatty acid response to electroconvulsive shock.
AB  - An asymmetric distribution of free fatty acids (FFA) is shown to occur between
      right and left cerebral hemispheres (RCH, LCH) of the rat. The RCH contains 35%
      less FFA than the LCH, the difference being mainly accounted for by saturated and
      monoenoic fatty acids. Acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock (ECS) affects
      the distribution and apparent rate of fatty acid production differently in each
      hemisphere. Taking into consideration the basal content of each hemisphere, RCH
      produces significantly higher amounts of FFA during the acute tonic phase of the
      convulsion evoked by a single ECS. The largest increases correspond to
      arachidonic and stearic acids (1800% and 420% in RCH, 1200% and 330% in LCH,
      respectively). The hemispheric sidedness is evened out after successive ECSs. The
      removal of the released fatty acids is also faster in the RCH, as suggested by
      its lower FFA levels 5 min after a single shock (the acute condition) or after
      the last of a series of 5 daily shocks (the chronic condition). The endogenous
      FFA content and composition is altered by chronic ECSs. Thus, 24 h after the last
      of a series of 4 daily ECSs, total FFAs remain about 40% higher than in the
      controls for both hemispheres. Arachidonic acid increase amounts to 150%,
      doubling its percentage contribution to the FFA pool. The lower endogenous FFA
      content in RCH, its higher responsiveness to ECS, and its ability to more rapidly
      recover the pre-convulsive levels, suggest that the deacylation and reacylation
      of complex lipids are more active in this hemisphere.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4027628
TI  - Localization and function of cat carotid body nicotinic receptors.
AB  - Acetylcholine and nicotinic agents excite cat carotid body chemoreceptors and
      modify their response to natural stimuli. The present experiments utilized
      [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin [( 125I]alpha-BGT) to localize within the chemosensory
      tissue the possible sites of action of exogenous and endogenous nicotinic
      cholinergic substances. In vitro equilibrium binding studies of intact carotid
      bodies determined a Kd of 5.57 nM and a Bmax of 9.21 pmol/g of tissue. Chronic
      section (12-15 days) of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) did not change the amount
      of displaceable toxin binding. In contrast, the specific binding was reduced by
      46% following removal of the superior cervical ganglion. Light microscope
      autoradiography of normal, CSN-denervated and sympathectomized carotid bodies
      revealed displaceable binding sites concentrated in lobules of type I and type II
      cells. Treatment of carotid bodies with 50 nM alpha-BGT in vitro reduced by 50%
      the release of [3H]dopamine (synthesized from [3H]tyrosine) caused by hypoxia or
      nicotine, and also significantly reduced the stimulus-evoked discharges recorded
      from the CSN. The data suggest an absence of alpha-BGT binding sites on the
      afferent terminals of the CSN and that nicotinic receptors located with
      parenchymal cell lobules may modulate the release of catecholamines from these
      cells.

PMID- 4027630
TI  - Topography of cholinergic perikarya and nerve fibres as well as cholinergic
      vesicles in the rat duodenum.
AB  - Using the acetylthiocholine staining method, it was possible to visualize
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-stained neuronal cell bodies and nerve endings as
      well as AChE-positive vesicles in the rat duodenum. AChE-reactive perikarya were
      seen with certainty only in the myenteric plexus. They were 40 micron in diameter
      and were mostly localized in groups within the ganglia (3-6 neurons per
      ganglion). Some thick, AChE-reactive nerve processes, running over a long
      distance in interconnecting nerve fibre strands, had their origin from AChE
      containing myenteric plexus perikarya. AChE-stained nerve fibres were detected in
      the myenteric and submucosal plexus as well as in the longitudinal and circular
      smooth muscle cell layer. AChE-positive nerve fibres were in close contacts with
      blood vessels, probably arterioles, Brunner's gland cells and epithelial cells. A
      conspicuously high density of AChE-positive nerve fibres was noted in the
      longitudinal smooth muscle layer, while AChE-stained nerve fibres were visualized
      only sporadically in the circular smooth muscle layer. Some Brunner's gland cells
      and epithelial cells contained AChE-reactive vesicles, which were constantly
      localized on the basal cell portion. The present findings might indicate that
      acetylcholine possesses important physiological roles as neurotransmitter and/or
      neuromodulator in the rat duodenum.

PMID- 4027632
TI  - Stability of the neuronal population of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
      (LGNd) of aged rats.
AB  - The variations, with aging, of both neuronal and glial populations of the rat
      LGNd have been studied quantitatively. Our results show a stability of the total
      number of neurons of the rat LGNd with aging; this, plus the constant increase of
      the rat LGNd volume throughout rat life, causes the neuronal density to decrease
      slowly. Our data prove the necessity of determining the total number of neurons,
      not just neuronal density, in order to find out the actual evolution of the
      neuronal population with aging. Both glial cell number and density show an
      increase throughout rat life.

PMID- 4027631
TI  - Common neural mechanisms in experimental chorea and hemiballismus in the monkey.
      Evidence from 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography.
AB  - The autoradiographic 2-deoxyglucose uptake technique was used to visualise local
      cerebral metabolic activity in the monkey in recently developed models of chorea
      and hemiballismus. Unilateral dyskinesia was induced by injection of a gamma
      aminobutyric acid antagonist into the corpus striatum (in the case of chorea) or
      subthalamic nucleus (in the case of hemiballismus). Patterns of 2-deoxyglucose
      uptake suggest that during both forms of experimental dyskinesia the subthalamic
      nucleus and its projection to the globus pallidus are abnormally hypoactive.

PMID- 4027633
TI  - The suprachiasmatic nuclei and retinohypothalamic tract in the western spotted
      skunk.
AB  - The western spotted skunk has a well-developed retinohypothalamic tract
      projecting to the middle and caudal parts of the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The
      nuclei have a complex 3-dimensional shape and contain small neuronal somas.

PMID- 4027635
TI  - Lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus enhance sympatho-adrenal
      function.
AB  - The effects of lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) on the
      sympatho-adrenal function were investigated in anesthetized rats using
      electrophysiological and biochemical techniques. Lesions of this nucleus produced
      a gradual but strong increase in the efferent activity of the adrenal sympathetic
      nerves. Catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla was also facilitated by
      VMH lesions. The results indicate that the catecholamines from the adrenal
      medulla might be involved in the development of metabolic disorders seen during
      VMH syndrome.

PMID- 4027634
TI  - Combined treatment with muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic antagonists slows
      development of kindled seizures.
AB  - Rats were given daily injections of atropine, mecamylamine or both drugs in
      combination, 1 h prior to daily electrical amygdaloid kindling stimulation.
      Neither drug was effective alone, but the two drugs in combination significantly
      increased the latency to develop stage 5 kindled seizures.

PMID- 4027636
TI  - Temporary suppression of clonus in humans by brief photostimulation.
AB  - In this double-blind study, 21 subjects with spastic paraparesis due to chronic
      spinal cord injury received irradiation to the skin overlying the radial, median
      and saphenous nerves with a helium-neon laser (632.5 nm, 1 mW, 20 Hz) or sham
      treatment. Subjects in the experimental group demonstrated complete clonus
      suppression after 40 s of irradiation, an effect identical to that observed
      previously after peripheral electrical nerve stimulation. Subjects who received
      placebo did not demonstrate this phenomenon. Because such laser irradiation
      produces no detectable thermal effect, the results indicate that photochemical
      reactions initiated by laser may trigger neural activity.

PMID- 4027637
TI  - Functional activity of rat brainstem neurons regenerating axons along peripheral
      nerve grafts.
AB  - To investigate activation and discharge patterns of central nervous system
      neurons that regenerate lengthy axons along peripheral nerve grafts we inserted a
      4 cm long autologous segment of sciatic nerve into the dorsolateral medulla
      oblongata of adult rats. Two to 6 months after grafting, the distribution of the
      cells of origin of the regenerating axons in many nuclei of the brainstem was
      documented by retrograde horseradish peroxidase labelling from the cut end of the
      grafts. Functional properties of neurons regenerating axons into the grafts were
      studied by recording from single regenerated fibers teased from the grafts.
      Conduction velocities of graft fibers ranged from less than 1 m/s to 25 m/s (30
      degrees C). Spontaneous centrifugal impulse traffic in the grafts included units
      firing in bursts synchronously with the respiratory cycle. Activity in other
      units was either elicited or inhibited by natural or electrical stimulation of
      the periphery. Most units recorded in the grafts were neither spontaneously
      active nor responsive to stimulation of primary afferents. We conclude that:
      there are central nervous system neurons projecting into the grafts that respond
      to both excitatory and inhibitory transsynaptic influences; at least some of the
      spontaneous and induced activity recorded from axons in the grafts resembles that
      known for normal nerve cells in the regions of the brainstem from which axonal
      growth arises; and it is possible that many central neurons regenerating axons
      into peripheral nerve grafts have significantly reduced or altered synaptic
      inputs.

PMID- 4027639
TI  - Septohippocampal neurons in the rat: an in vivo intracellular study.
AB  - In vivo intracellular recordings were obtained from septohippocampal neurons
      identified by their antidromic response to electrical stimulation of the fimbria
      in rats anesthetized with pentobarbital or urethane. Beside the antidromic
      response, fimbria stimulation evoked a short-latency depolarizing potential
      (EPSP) followed by an hyperpolarizing potential which reversed polarity when
      recorded with KCl-filled electrodes. This IPSP is therefore likely to be chloride
      dependent. It was followed by a long-lasting (80-250 ms) depolarizing potential
      often associated with a burst of spikes. Septohippocampal neurons therefore
      receive an inhibitory, chloride-mediated, input which itself triggers a long
      lasting excitatory event. These results are consistent with extracellular
      observations. Their significance in the septohippocampal circuitry is discussed.

PMID- 4027638
TI  - Intrahypothalamic 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine: temporal analysis of effects on 5
      hydroxytryptamine content in brain nuclei and on facilitated lordosis behavior.
AB  - The long-term relationship between serotonin (5-HT) levels in discrete
      hypothalamic nuclei and female rat sexual behavior, the lordosis response, was
      examined following intrahypothalamic injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7
      DHT). One week following 5,7-DHT injection, 5-HT levels in the ventromedial
      hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the
      medial preoptic nucleus were approximately 90% depleted as compared to sham
      animals. Other hypothalamic and preoptic areas including the arcuate-median
      eminence, vertical nucleus of diagonal band and lateral septal nucleus showed
      smaller reductions in 5-HT, from 40 to 70% of sham values. At this time estrogen
      dependent lordosis behavior in the lesioned group was facilitated. Behavioral
      facilitation was greatest at 4 weeks post lesion when depletion of 5-HT in the
      VMN was maximal. 5-HT levels increased at 57 days after 5,7-DHT treatment in most
      areas, and by 71 days post lesion, no significant differences in 5-HT levels were
      found between sham and 5,7-DHT-treated groups. Concomitant with the increases in
      5-HT, facilitated lordosis behavior gradually decreased. Loss of behavioral
      facilitation appeared to be most closely related to increases in content of 5-HT
      in the ventromedial nucleus. These results further support the hypothesis that 5
      HT endings in the hypothalamus exert tonic inhibitory regulation over hormone
      dependent lordosis in the female rat. They also indicate that regenerating 5-HT
      fibers in the hypothalamus can reinstate a normal pattern of hormone-dependent
      behavioral function.

PMID- 4027641
TI  - Simultaneous voltammetric and chemical monitoring of dopamine release in situ.
AB  - The validity of voltammetric monitoring of stimulated dopamine (DA) release was
      tested by simultaneous chemical assay of the extracellular fluid region next to
      the tip of a selective Nafion-coated graphite voltammetric electrode. Micro
      alumina probes were positioned next to the recording electrode tip to adsorb
      released catecholamines. The catecholamines were desorbed into microvolumes of
      acid and analyzed by very sensitive HPLC assays to provide unequivocal chemical
      verification of the electrochemical signals. The results fully confirm that
      selective voltammetric electrodes can detect released DA and that the
      concentrations determined voltammetrically or chemically agree well.

PMID- 4027640
TI  - Catecholamine concentrations in discrete brain nuclei and sympathetic tissues of
      genetically hypertensive mice.
AB  - Catecholamine concentrations were determined at central and peripheral level in
      high blood pressure (HBP), low blood pressure (LBP) and random bred (RB) mice. In
      HBP mice compared to LBP, the noradrenaline concentration was lower in the locus
      coeruleus, medullary A1-C1 and A2-C2 areas, thoracic spinal cord, posteroventral
      hypothalamus and nucleus hypothalamicus anterior, while dopamine concentration
      was decreased in the striatum. Adrenal catecholamine levels were higher in both
      HBP and LBP compared to RB mice.

PMID- 4027642
TI  - Sexual dimorphism in the numbers of neurons in the pelvic ganglia of adult rats.
AB  - The major pelvic ganglion in the adult rat differs in neuron number in the two
      sexes. The female pelvic ganglion has 5892 +/- 797 (mean +/- S.D.) neurons while
      the male contains 14,654 +/- 936. This sexual dimorphism in neuronal numbers in
      the autonomic nervous system is of interest because it suggests that endogenous
      hormone levels during development may have an influence on numbers of neurons in
      the adult pelvic ganglion.

PMID- 4027644
TI  - Inhibitors of calcium-dependent enzymes prevent the onset of afterdischarge in
      the peptidergic bag cell neurons of Aplysia.
AB  - Experiments with isolated bag cell neurons of Aplysia have produced evidence that
      changes in neuronal excitability may be brought about by the activation of
      calcium dependent enzymes such as calcium-dependent protein kinases. We have now
      examined the effects of agents which have been shown to inhibit several calcium
      dependent enzymes on the properties of bag cell neurons in situ. In response to
      brief electrical stimulation the bag cell neurons of Aplysia generate an
      afterdischarge during which they release neuroactive peptides. We have found that
      the ability of stimulation to trigger an afterdischarge in the bag cell neurons
      is inhibited by trifluoperazine (TFP, 50-100 microM), N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1
      napthalenesulphonamide (W7) (25-50 microM) and calmidazolium (40-100 microM),
      each of which has previously been shown to inhibit calmodulin-dependent enzymes
      and the calcium-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in the bag cell neurons.
      Further analysis of the effects of TFP showed that this inhibition occurs at
      concentrations which do not inhibit synaptic transmission or the endogenous
      bursting of another neurosecretory neuron, R15. Secretion of neuroactive peptides
      from the bag cell neurons was measured both electrophysiologically and
      biochemically. No attenuation of secretion could be observed at concentrations of
      TFP below those which inhibited the initiation of afterdischarge. Our results
      indicate that these agents inhibit secretion from these neurons primarily by
      inhibiting the onset of the afterdischarge and are consistent with the hypothesis
      that a calcium-dependent enzyme plays a role in triggering the stimulus-induced
      transformation in the electrical properties of these neurons.

PMID- 4027643
TI  - Subcortical connections of area 17 in the tree shrew: an autoradiographic
      analysis.
AB  - The present anterograde autoradiographic study reveals several targets of the
      striate cortex (area 17) of the tree shrew which were not previously observed in
      studies which used anterograde degeneration methods; our data also confirm
      several previous findings. The results are discussed in the context of these
      projections modulating ascending visual information (claustrum, lateral
      intermediate nucleus, pulvinar, dorsal lateral geniculate, cells of the external
      medullary lamina, reticular nucleus of the thalamus, superficial collicular
      layers, and the anterior and posterior pretectal nuclei) or visuomotor
      information (putamen, caudate, ventral lateral geniculate, pontine gray, and the
      anterior and posterior pretectal nuclei).

PMID- 4027645
TI  - Action of acrylamide on selected enzymes of energy metabolism in denervated cat
      peripheral nerves.
AB  - The effect of acrylamide on selected glycolytic and citric acid cycle enzymes has
      been studied in denervated cat sciatic nerves in vitro and in vivo. The enzyme
      activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), neuron specific
      enolase (NSE), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),
      has been examined in saline-perfused, desheathed and denervated peroneal (P) and
      tibial (T) nerves from cats treated with acrylamide (15 mg/kg/day, s.c.) or
      vehicle for 15 days. GAPDH activity in denervated P and T nerve stumps was 2.0-
      and 2.3-fold higher than normal P and T nerve values. GAPDH activity in Schwann
      cells in denervated P and T nerves of acrylamide-treated cats was markedly
      reduced (56% and 61% of untreated denervated nerves, respectively). LDH and SDH
      activities were unaffected by acrylamide and NSE activity was absent in
      denervated nerve stumps. Acrylamide (0.5 and 20 mM) inhibited GAPDH activity in
      denervated nerve homogenates by 67% and 29%, respectively. This study
      demonstrates that acrylamide inhibits GAPDH in Schwann cells. The significance of
      GAPDH inhibition by acrylamide in denervated nerves and its relation to distal
      axonopathy has been discussed.

PMID- 4027646
TI  - Vision and the skin camouflage reactions of Ambystoma larvae: the effects of eye
      transplants and brain lesions.
AB  - Salamander larvae typically adapt their dermal melanophores to achieve
      camouflage, and it has been known for some time that removal of the eyes
      abolishes the response. Here we survey the contribution of the optic system to
      the bright and dark camouflage reactions and report that: the stimulus depends on
      an interaction between the direct and reflected light; an eye mounted atop the
      head and oriented vertically tended not to support camouflage, even though the
      animal responded to visual cues and learned a vision-dependent task; deviating
      the transplanted eye off the vertical axis enhanced the recovery of camouflage
      reactions; amputating or reorienting the telencephalon, epithalamus, pretectum or
      tectum did not abolish either camouflage reaction whereas lesions of the ventral
      optic pathway blocked brightening; transection near the midbrain-hindbrain
      junction--well posterior to known optic terminals--retarded the dark reaction;
      when the latter lesion was combined with disconnection of the telencephalon and
      epithalamus, contrary to predictions from the lesions executed separately, the
      animals lost the bright reaction; the hypophysis is necessary for darkening, but
      the organ supported this reaction even though detached, displaced or reoriented;
      and the pineal body was not essential for the grosser aspects of camouflage in
      Ambystoma larvae but may play an adjunctive role in fine tuning.

PMID- 4027647
TI  - The involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex in blood pressure control.
AB  - The visceromotor nature of the rat anterior cingulate cortex was investigated by
      electrically stimulating this area in both anesthetized and awake animals.
      Initial studies demonstrated that electrical stimulation of any division of the
      anterior cingulate cortex elicits a significant fall in blood pressure in the
      sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized rat. Depressor responses were greatest (up to
      50% decreases) following stimulation of the ventral third of the anterior
      cingulate cortex. Heart rate was not altered by cingulate cortex stimulation. In
      the awake animal, stimulation of previously identified depressor sites in the
      rostral third of the pregenual cingulate cortex elicited pressor responses. In
      contrast, stimulation of the caudal third of this cortex elicited depressor
      responses, and stimulation of the middle third elicited biphasic (pressor
      followed by depressor) responses. These results indicate that the anterior
      cingulate cortex is a visceromotor region which may provide a cortical output for
      the regulation of blood pressure responses associated with learning and or
      stress.

PMID- 4027648
TI  - An anatomical study of ipsilateral retinal projections in the quail using
      radioautographic, horseradish peroxidase, fluorescence and degeneration
      techniques.
AB  - The topographical organization of ipsilateral retinal projections was
      investigated in the pigmented quail using different anatomical tracing
      techniques. The orthograde labeling patterns were examined after intraocular
      injections of tritiated tracers (autoradiography), horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      either alone or combined with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), the fluorescent tracer
      rhodamine beta-isothiocyanate (RITC) and after unilateral retinal ablations using
      degeneration methods where the material was observed at both light and electron
      microscope levels. The different techniques provided extremely variable results
      with regard to demonstrating ipsilateral retinal projections. Whereas the latter
      could not be revealed in the radioautographic preparations, the results derived
      using the degeneration and HRP methods were fragmentary. The RITC method was
      found to be the most effective and made it possible to accurately define the
      different ipsilateral optic contingents and their terminal arborizations within
      various thalamic, pretectal and tegmentomesencephalic centers. The contradictory
      data in the literature regarding the existence of ipsilateral retinal projections
      in various avian species may be explained by differences in methodology based
      upon the relative degrees of resolution offered by the different techniques.

PMID- 4027649
TI  - Analysis of muscarinic receptor concentration and subtypes following lesion of
      rat substantia innominata.
AB  - Cholinergic neurones located in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) in the
      substantia innominata (SI) of primates are known to project to cerebral cortex
      and cell loss in NBM is thought to be associated with the cholinergic deficit
      seen in Alzheimer's disease. We have examined in rats the effect of lesion of SI
      with kainate (1 microgram/0.5 microliter) on acetylcholine esterase (AChE)
      activity, muscarinic receptor number and subtypes in cerebral cortex at 1, 2 and
      4 weeks. The area of lesion was assessed histologically. AChE activity was
      significantly reduced in frontal and parietal cortex ipsilateral to the lesion
      compared to the contralateral side by 37 and 30%, respectively, at 1 week. The
      reduction in parietal cortex at 4 weeks (16%) was significantly attenuated.
      Muscarinic receptor number was reduced in cerebral cortex ipsilateral to the
      lesion at the 3 time periods measured, being reduced by 14 and 17% in the frontal
      and parietal cortex, respectively, at 1 week. Changes in receptor number and AChE
      activity correlated with the size of lesion. Low affinity agonist binding sites
      and high affinity pirenzepine binding sites were also analyzed and found to be
      significantly reduced by lesion of SI. The proportions of high and low affinity
      agonist binding sites and subtypes of pirenzepine binding sites were, however,
      not significantly affected by lesion.

PMID- 4027652
TI  - Electroencephalographic activity after kainic and ibotenic acid injections in the
      amygdaloid complex of rats.
AB  - Long-term electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and neuropathological effects
      were studied after unilateral amygdaloid injections of kainic acid (KA) and
      ibotenic acid (IBO). Injections of 0.2 microgram KA caused severe epileptiform
      activity which lasted up to postoperative day 49. Complete losses of neuronal and
      glial elements appeared as cavities within the injected areas. Epileptiform
      activity after injections of 3.0 micrograms IBO was seen only as interictal
      spikes which lasted for 2-4 h after surgery. Cavities within the lesion areas
      were also evident in the IBO-injected rats. The results suggest that KA should be
      avoided as a lesion method in behavioral studies of brain functions, whereas IBO
      is judged to be a more suitable lesion tool, which produces only transitory and
      negligible epileptiform activity. However, neither KA nor IBO seems to have long
      term fiber-sparing properties.

PMID- 4027650
TI  - Neuron-specific mitochondrial degeneration induced by hyperammonemia and octanoic
      acidemia.
AB  - The neuropathological consequences of acute exposure to the neurotoxicants
      ammonia and octanoic acid were investigated with the isolated, perfused canine
      brain preparation. After 1 h of combined hyperammonemia and octanoic acidemia,
      ultrastructural changes were apparent in all brain regions examined. The cell
      bodies of neurons were the primary sites of these alterations. Neuronal
      mitochondria were distended, and the lamellae of the mitochondrial cristae were
      separated. In some cases the lamellae had completely dispersed, leaving only
      matrix remnants. Mitochondria of adjacent astrocytes appeared normal. Thus, a
      characteristic population of brain mitochondria is selectively vulnerable to a
      combination of hyperammonemia and octanoic acidemia and may be related to the
      biochemical mechanisms underlying encephalopathies of hepatic origin.

PMID- 4027651
TI  - An assessment of the antinociceptive and aversive effects of stimulating
      identified sites in the rat brain.
AB  - At many sites in the brain electrical stimulation with low current intensity is
      both aversive and causes antinociception. In view of the well documented
      antinociception caused by various types of stress and pain it is possible that in
      some parts of the brain the antinociception is secondary to the stress of the
      stimulation. At 114 sites in the rat brain the intensity of stimulation required
      to evoke an aversive response has been compared with the antinociceptive current
      intensity. Only stimulation in the dorsal hippocampus and pretectal area caused
      antinociception without significant aversion. Strong aversion resulted from
      stimulation of 46% of the sites including the central gray and nucleus raphe
      magnus. Antinociception was significantly correlated with the aversiveness of the
      stimulation although in 15% of the stimulation sites strong aversion was seen
      with no antinociception. It is concluded that there can be little justification
      in assigning a primary antinociceptive role to a brain area which evokes strong
      escape reactions when stimulated.

PMID- 4027653
TI  - Axonal transport of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in rat sciatic nerve.
AB  - [125I]alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTX) binding sites accumulate both proximal and
      distal to a ligature positioned around the sciatic nerve of rats. [125I]alpha
      BuTX binding sites, localized using quantitative receptor autoradiography, were
      found to accumulate at nerve ligatures at a relatively constant rate which
      suggests that they undergo both anterograde and retrograde axonal transport.
      [125I]alpha-BuTX binding to sections of ligated sciatic nerve was saturable with
      apparent dissociation constants of 0.97 nM proximal and 0.53 nM distal to the
      ligature. D-Tubocurarine, nicotine, decamethonium and atropine displaced
      [125]alpha-BuTX from sciatic nerve sections with affinities comparable to those
      previously reported for the toxin binding component of rat brain. These data
      indicate that [125I]alpha-BuTX binding sites pharmacologically similar to those
      of rat brain are transported in sciatic nerve. Axonally transported toxin binding
      sites may correspond to those previously localized to the plasma membrane of
      peripheral nerve axons and on the terminals of motor neurons.

PMID- 4027654
TI  - Effects of water deprivation and deamino [8-D-arginine] vasopressin on [14C]2
      deoxyglucose uptake by the hypothalamo-hypophysial system in mice with hereditary
      nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
AB  - The effects of water deprivation and the injection of deamino [8-D-arginine]
      vasopressin (dDAVP) on the metabolic activity of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial
      neurones of mice with inherited nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI +/+ Severe)
      have been investigated by quantitative autoradiography using the [14C]2
      deoxyglucose (2-DG) technique. The relative metabolic activities (rma) of the
      paraventricular nuclei (PVN) and pars nervosa (PN) in severely diabetic mice were
      not significantly different from the rma of the PVN and PN in Non-severe or
      Normal mice, but the rma of the pars distalis (PD) was greater in the Severe mice
      than in the other two strains. Water deprivation (4-5 h) significantly increased
      the rma of the PVN and PN in Severe mice compared with those in Non-severe mice
      that had been similarly deprived of water. The increased rma of the PVN and PN
      produced by water deprivation in Severe mice was not reduced to normal by
      injection of dDAVP. The injection of dDAVP alone had no effect on the rma of the
      PVN or PN, but dDAVP injection alone, water deprivation alone, or both treatments
      combined decreased the rma of the PD in Severe mice. Neither the supraoptic
      nuclei (SON) nor any of the other 19 brain areas studied were affected, in terms
      of rma, by either water deprivation, injection of dDAVP, or both.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027655
TI  - Evaluation of neuronal connectivity: sensitivity of cross-correlation.
AB  - Cross-correlation analysis of separable multi-unit activity is one of the most
      commonly used methods to investigate connectivity in neural networks. In the
      course of development of new analysis techniques which go beyond the study of
      pairs or triplets of neurons, the need arose for a simple yet versatile simulator
      to generate spike trains from networks of specified structure. The present paper
      describes such a simulator and presents some examples of its performance as
      analyzed by cross-correlation. We noted a distinct asymmetry in the sensitivity
      of cross-correlation for the presence of excitatory vs inhibitory connections. A
      theoretical analysis is given from which quantitative criteria for detectability
      were derived. It appears that indeed the sensitivity of cross-correlation for
      excitation is larger to an order of magnitude than it is for inhibition. Possible
      consequences of this finding are indicated, and the relation to commonly used
      methods to measure strength of interaction are discussed.

PMID- 4027656
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the retina of the larval tiger salamander.
AB  - The pharmacology and autoradiographic localization of muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors in retinal slices of the larval tiger salamander have been examined
      using the muscarinic antagonist [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard. Under the
      conditions of these experiments the binding of this ligand is irreversible.
      Saturation and maximum specific binding of 270 pM of ligand per gram protein are
      observed after an incubation of 1 h, and autoradiographic studies show that this
      does not reflect surface binding alone. Muscarinic but not nicotinic drugs
      suppress the binding of propylbenzilylcholine mustard at physiologically relevant
      concentrations; half-maximal suppression of binding by the muscarinic antagonists
      atropine sulfate and quinuclidinyl benzilate occurs, respectively, at 9.0 and 7.5
      X 10(-10) M. Light microscopic autoradiography reveals the discrete localization
      of the ligand to the sites of synaptic contact, the retinal plexiform layers,
      predominantly the inner plexiform layer. The implications of the present study on
      current theories of cholinergic function in the vertebrate retina are discussed.

PMID- 4027658
TI  - Electrophysiological analysis of the tecto-olivocerebellar (lobule VII)
      projection in the rat.
AB  - In albino rats the superior colliculus was stimulated and its evoked potentials
      were explored throughout the posterior vermis of the cerebellum. Climbing fiber
      responses were identified only in lobule VII, ipsilaterally 1.2-1.6 mm wide. In
      the medial accessory olive, subnucleus c, in the contralateral side both
      antidromically evoked potentials from lobule VII and orthodromically evoked
      potentials from the superior colliculus were recorded. This evidence suggests
      that they are tecto-olivocerebellar projections.

PMID- 4027659
TI  - Fast axonal transport in the visual pathway of the chick and rat.
AB  - Young chickens and rats were injected intravitreally with [3H]proline and
      sacrificed at short intervals thereafter. Regression lines calculated for the
      plotted points (survival time, transport distance) revealed a transport rate of
      329 mm/day in the chick and 350 mm/day in the rat. Both rates are close to those
      reported for peripheral axons (410 +/- 50 mm/day).

PMID- 4027657
TI  - Selective depression of hippocampal inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and
      spontaneous firing by volatile anesthetics.
AB  - The effects of halothane, isoflurane and enflurane on the rat hippocampal CA1
      neurons in in vitro preparations were studied by intracellular recordings. All
      volatile anesthetics, at the concentrations which are likely to be in the range
      of clinical doses, depressed the IPSPs and the spontaneous firing without
      affecting the resting membrane properties and the EPSPs. The results suggest that
      the simultaneous blocking effects of the anesthetics on both the spontaneous
      firing and IPSPs are responsible for production of general anesthesia rather than
      their blocking actions on the EPSPs in terms of behavior of hippocampal neurons.

PMID- 4027660
TI  - Differences between strychnine and penicillin epileptogenesis suggest a laminar
      organization of neocortical inhibition.
AB  - Transient foci of epileptiform alteration in neuronal population activity were
      induced by microinjection of strychnine sulfate into different layers of cat
      striate cortex. Potentials evoked by visual field-specific photic stimulation
      were recorded from microelectrodes at the injection site and in adjacent laminae.
      Epileptogenesis, characterized by an enhancement of the normal primary response
      followed by the development of a large late potential, occurred only with
      strychnine injections into superficial pyramidal layers 2 and 3. By contrast,
      stellate layer 4 has been shown to be most susceptible to epileptogenic effects
      of penicillin and bicuculline. Since disinhibitory convulsants should be most
      effective where their actions antagonize the prevalent type of inhibition, these
      findings suggest that there may be a laminar segregation of neocortical
      inhibition, possibly glycine-mediated in layers 2-3 and probably gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated in layer 4.

PMID- 4027661
TI  - Morphometric analysis of medial basal hypothalamic neuronal degeneration in
      diabetes (db/db) mutant C57BL/KsJ mice: relation to age and hyperglycemia.
AB  - Age- and diabetes-related neuronal degenerative changes were morphometrically
      evaluated in the arcuate (ARC) and ventromedial (VMH) hypothalamic nuclei of
      control (+/?) and diabetic (db/db) C57BL/KsJ mice between 4 and 16 weeks of age.
      By 4 weeks of age, (db/db) mice exhibited marked obesity and hyperglycemia
      relative to controls. An increase in the population of degenerated ARC neurons
      was detected at 8 weeks of age in (db/db) mice relative to (+/?) animals. By 16
      weeks of age, a significant increase in the number of degenerated VMH neurons in
      (db/db) mice was found, relative to controls. In addition, the neuronal density
      (neurons/mm2 area of nucleus) of both the ARC and VMH nuclei was found to be
      depressed in (db/db) mice, relative to controls, by 16 weeks of age. These data
      suggest that the normal degenerative loss of ARC and VMH neurons that occurs with
      age in normal mice is enhanced in the (db/db) mouse. These findings suggest that
      a functional alteration in hypothalamic nuclei which are recognized to modulate
      autonomic, pancreatic and pituitary activity may be associated with the onset or
      expression of the diabetic condition in the C57BL/KsJ (db/db) mouse.

PMID- 4027662
TI  - Neuronotrophic factors for mammalian brain neurons: injury induction in neonatal,
      adult and aged rat brain.
AB  - Tissue from neonatal, adult and aged Sprague-Dawley rat brain contained low
      levels of survival promoting activity for embryonic neurons from various rat
      brain regions. This basal neuronotrophic activity was 2-fold higher in adult and
      4-fold higher in aged rat brain, with respect to that in neonatal brain. Tissue
      extracts also contained 4-fold higher levels of neuronotoxic activity in adult
      and aged than in neonatal brain. Ablation of the occipital/entorhinal cortex
      caused a 3-fold increase in neuronotrophic activity in the tissue surrounding the
      wound in neonates and 4-fold in adult and aged brain, with respect to the basal
      levels. Maximal activities occurred at 3 days, 6 days and 15 days postlesion in
      neonatal, adult and aged tissue respectively, and subsequently returned to basal
      levels. Neuronotoxic activity was not induced following injury. The slower
      neuronotrophic response to injury in older animals may be one of the determinant
      factors of the slower recovery from brain damage observed in aging.

PMID- 4027663
TI  - The impact of aging on luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone
      (TSH) in the rat brain.
AB  - Immunoreactive and bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating
      hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) have been described by this and other
      laboratories to be present in discrete areas of the rodent and primate brain. In
      the present studies, LH and TSH concentrations in serum, pituitary, hypothalamus,
      brainstem, cerebellum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus were measured in male
      Sprague-Dawley rats at 2.5 months of age, when 11-12 months old and at 24 months
      of age. There was a significant decrease in hypothalamic TSH concentrations in
      the 11-12-month-old rats compared to younger animals (672 +/- 127 ng/mg vs 86 +/-
      17 ng/mg, P less than 0.001). This was unaccompanied by any changes in TSH levels
      in serum, anterior pituitary, or in any of the extrahypothalamic brain areas that
      were examined. In contrast, there was a significant 50% drop in LH concentrations
      in the anterior pituitary gland of 11-12-month-old animals when compared with
      young controls (72 +/- 58 micrograms/mg vs 137.2 +/- 27 micrograms/mg, P less
      than 0.05) without any noted change in serum or brain LH concentrations. Similar
      decreases in LH concentration were also seen in the anterior pituitary glands of
      two-year-old animals. These discordant profiles between pituitary and brain LH
      and TSH provide additional circumstantial evidence that these brain peptides do
      not represent contaminants from the anterior pituitary. Further, these
      significant changes in TSH and LH concentrations that develop with aging may
      implicate these particular peptides in the development of certain features of
      senescence.

PMID- 4027664
TI  - The influence of permanent odor stimuli on the postnatal development of neural
      activity in the olfactory bulbs of laboratory mice.
AB  - Young laboratory mice were kept from birth in a surrounding with one dominating
      synthetical odor substance (geraniol, C10H18O; experimentals); the controls were
      bred under normal conditions. Between postnatal days 10 and 35 the development of
      the neural activity in the olfactory bulb and the response to the synthetical
      (geraniol) and a natural odor (nest material) were tested at 6 different stages
      of age. By means of a computer the total energy and the frequency composition
      (power spectra) of the electrophysiologically leaded potentials were analyzed at
      the time of stimulation and without stimulation. The developmental increment of
      neural activity was retarded at the experimentals, but the typical high-frequency
      waves (oscillations) appeared about 5-6 days earlier than in the controls. Both
      odor substances induced neural responses measured by energy and frequency changes
      in the power spectra. In controls none of the odors leads to noticeable changes
      in the composition of frequencies at days 10 and 14. Beginning at postnatal day
      18 the odor substances of nest material evoked increasing neural reactions; at
      all stages of age geraniol induced only slight alterations in the power spectra.
      In the experimentals responses could be measured first at day 14. The changes in
      power spectra rapidly increased in the following 3 weeks and the responses to
      geraniol reached several times more intense levels than in the controls. The
      influence of permanent olfactory stimuli on the ontogenetic development of the
      olfactory bulb and the extreme plasticity of this system are discussed.

PMID- 4027665
TI  - The effects of protein deprivation on neuronal migration in rats.
AB  - Although there is extensive literature documenting the effects of undernutrition
      on brain development, most studies have been concerned with cell differentiation
      with little attention given to neuronal migration. In a rat model we have
      investigated the effect of chronic protein deprivation on cell migration from the
      anterior lateral ventricle to the olfactory bulb. By using standard
      autoradiographic techniques and comparing the position of heavily labeled cells
      within the migratory stream, we estimated the migration rate to be 100 microns/h
      in 25%-casein-diet rats and between 33 and 70 microns/h in 8%-casein-diet rats.
      We therefore conclude that migration is slowed in chronically protein-deprived
      rats and this slowed migration may be related to subsequent abnormalities of cell
      differentiation seen in protein-deprived rats.

PMID- 4027666
TI  - Neurogenesis in tissue cultures of adult teleost spinal cord.
AB  - [3H]Thymidine autoradiography of explant cultures from the spinal cord of an
      adult teleost, Sternarchus albifrons, reveals the presence of thymidine-labeled
      cells with neuronal morphology. These cells have also been identified as neurons
      by positive staining with two monoclonal antibodies against neurofilaments.
      Thymidine labeling occurs in cultured neurons derived from both normal
      (histologically and functionally mature) and regenerating spinal cord of adult
      Sternarchus albifrons. These results provide evidence that some cells in spinal
      cord of adult Sternarchus retain the ability to incorporate thymidine and undergo
      neuronal differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 4027667
TI  - A demonstration of two distinct geniculocortical projection patterns in albino
      ferrets.
AB  - The geniculocortical pathways of albino ferrets have been studied by injecting
      lectin bound horseradish peroxidase into the visual cortex and then studying the
      geniculate distribution of retrogradely labelled cells in the dorsal lateral
      geniculate nucleus. It has been shown that in ferrets, as in Siamese cats, there
      are two quite distinct patterns of geniculocortical projection. One of the
      patterns seen in ferrets is comparable to the 'Midwestern' pattern previously
      described in Siamese cats, while the other is comparable to the 'Boston' pattern.

PMID- 4027668
TI  - The organization of the lateral geniculate nucleus and of the geniculocortical
      pathway that develops without retinal afferents.
AB  - The fine structure and cortical connections of the dorsal lateral geniculate
      nucleus have been studied in postnatal (3.5-14-month-old) ferrets in which all
      retinal afferents had been removed prenatally at the time these fibers are first
      starting to invade the nucleus. The synaptic profiles in the mature nucleus show
      the cytological characteristics and arrangements that would remain if the retinal
      afferents were removed, with no significant compensatory ingrowth of foreign
      specific afferents. The nucleus is reduced in overall volume, but the
      geniculocortical and corticogeniculate interconnections show an essentially
      normal topography. Although in these experiments the geniculocortical projections
      can establish a normal topographic pattern in the absence of retinal afferents an
      accompanying paper shows that this topographic pattern can also be modified in
      the presence of abnormal retinogeniculate inputs. We conclude that two separate
      mechanisms contribute to the formation of retinal maps within the
      geniculocortical pathways and that different interactions between these two
      mechanisms produce the different patterns of abnormal geniculocortical pathways
      that have been described in pigment-deficient cats, mink and ferrets.

PMID- 4027669
TI  - Development of sensitivity to GABA and glycine in cultured cerebellar neurons.
AB  - The effects of iontophoretically applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and
      glycine on developing cerebellar neurons cultured for 7-40 days were
      intracellularly investigated. All neurons tested dose-dependently responded to
      both GABA and glycine. In mature neurons (after 25 days in culture) these amino
      acids inhibited spontaneous spikes, decreased the membrane input resistance and
      induced either hyperpolarization or depolarization of membrane potential. The
      mean reversal potential was -47 mV for GABA and -43 mV for glycine. Immature
      neurons, 7-12 days in culture, which were not spontaneously firing, also behaved
      in a similar manner as the mature ones, though the membrane resistance was not so
      largely changed by GABA or glycine and the reversal potential was more positive (
      39 mV for GABA, -37 mV for glycine). These reversal potentials were shifted
      toward 0 mV by lowering the external Cl- concentration in either mature or
      immature neurons. The effects of GABA and glycine on mature or immature neurons
      were more or less inhibited by all of picrotoxin, bicuculline and strychnine. The
      effective concentrations of these antagonists, however, were lower in general in
      immature neurons. In mature neurons, picrotoxin and bicuculline became more
      selective to GABA than glycine and strychnine became more selective to glycine
      than GABA. These results suggest that sensitivities to GABA and glycine
      differentiate into selective types in the course of maturing of cerebellar
      cultured neurons.

PMID- 4027670
TI  - The effects of neonatal thyroid deficiency on acetylcholine synthesis and glucose
      oxidation in rat corpus striatum.
AB  - The effects of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced thyroid deficiency on
      [14C]acetylcholine synthesis and 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose in vitro,
      by fine prisms of the corpus striatum were investigated in developing rats.
      Consistent with deficits in choline uptake and choline acetyltransferase activity
      (Kalaria et al.17), PTU-treatment from two days after birth significantly
      impaired (27-39%) [14C]acetylcholine synthesis in striatal tissue taken from 3-
      or 6-week-old animals. In the thyroid-deficient (Tx) animals, 14CO2 production
      from [14C]glucose was unchanged in incubations in the presence of 5 mM K+ but was
      significantly reduced (33%) in medium with 31 mM K+ concentration. The addition
      of 10 mM DL-3-hydroxybutyrate in incubations with 5 mM K+ persistently inhibited
      14CO2 production by striatal samples from the Tx rats. The fraction acetylated of
      [3H]choline accumulated by striatal prisms was unaffected by the PTU-induced
      thyroid deficiency. These findings suggest the development of fewer cholinergic
      nerve terminals in striatum during neonatal thyroid deficiency. Cholinergic nerve
      terminals that develop seem unaffected in their capacity for K+-stimulation and
      in their ability to acetylate transported [3H]choline.

PMID- 4027672
TI  - Quantitative studies of mitoses in cerebral hemispheres of fetal rats.
AB  - In continuation of our study of 15-day fetal rat brain development, evidence was
      obtained of a single layer of mitoses, situated away from the ventricle at a mean
      depth of 75% of the thickness of the cell layer of cerebral hemispheres ('deep
      mitoses'). Their number is 17.9% of ventricular mitoses and their spindles are
      perpendicular to spindles of ventricular mitoses. Their distribution is not
      correlated with distribution of ventricular mitoses. The fate and destination of
      these deep mitotic cells is at present unknown; the possibility that they are
      mitoses of the capillaries has been discussed.

PMID- 4027673
TI  - Effects of neonatal castration or treatment with dihydrotestosterone on numbers
      of neurons in the rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.
AB  - There is a normal sexual dimorphism in the number of neurons in the rat superior
      cervical sympathetic ganglion (SCG), with adult males having more neurons in this
      ganglion than females. We confirm this finding here, report that this sex
      difference is not present at birth and that neonatal castration of males reduces
      the adult sex difference. These results indicate that perinatal levels of
      circulating testicular hormones play a role in regulating the numbers of neurons
      in the SCG. Treatment of neonatal rats with testosterone propionate or estradiol
      significantly increases the number of neurons in the SCG. To determine whether
      this effect is primary androgenic or estrogenic, the effects of
      dihydrotestosterone, on SCG neuron number were investigated. Dihydrotestosterone,
      unlike testosterone, is not aromatized to estradiol intracellularly. There was no
      difference in the number of neurons between animals injected from birth with
      vehicle or dihydrotestosterone. This difference in effects between
      dihydrotestosterone and testosterone suggests that the actions of testosterone
      may be via aromatization to estradiol, rather than action at an androgen
      receptor.

PMID- 4027674
TI  - Con A-binding glycoproteins in the developing cerebellum of control and
      hypothyroid rats.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A)-binding glycoproteins were studied during the postnatal
      development of the cerebellum of control and hypothyroid rats. Only 4
      glycoprotein bands have a transient behavior in control animals. They
      progressively increase until the 13th day and markedly decline between the 15th
      and the 18th postnatal day. In the cerebellum of hypothyroid rats, the level of
      these compounds is greatly reduced and the previous decrease observed in controls
      is not found again. This defect of Con A-binding glycoproteins mainly localized
      on the plasma membrane of parallel fibers might be related to the reduced
      synaptogenesis observed in the molecular layer of hypothyroid rats between
      parallel fibers and Purkinje cell dendritic spines.

PMID- 4027671
TI  - Developmentally induced loss of direction-selective neurons in the cat's lateral
      suprasylvian visual cortex.
AB  - Single-cell recordings were carried out in the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian
      (PMLS) visual cortex of cats reared in an environment illuminated by 8-Hz
      stroboscopic flashes. These cats had a reduced proportion of direction-selective
      cells (8%) compared to PMLS cortex of normal cats (79%). Other receptive-field
      properties and ocular dominance of the neurons appeared normal. These results
      have implications for understanding the mechanisms of PMLS-cortex development and
      for interpreting behavioral studies of strobe-reared cats.

PMID- 4027675
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase activity in the developing olfactory bulb: a biochemical
      study on normal maturation and the influence of peripheral and central
      connections.
AB  - In the newborn rat olfactory bulb (OB), the specific activity of
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is about 20% of the adult value. During postnatal
      development, the specific activity remains unchanged until day 10; a growth spurt
      of 5X is observed between days 10 and 25, when adult values (90 nmoles ACh/min/mg
      protein; 6 nmol/min/mg wet wt.) are reached. However, total activity shows
      continuous increase slowly at first and rapidly between days 10 to 30, reaching a
      plateau by day 60. Between birth to day 60 total activity increases 65X. To
      determine the influence of peripheral and central connections on the development
      of AChE activity in the OB, rats were subjected to unilateral olfactory
      denervation and/or transection of olfactory peduncle, carried out either
      neonatally or at day 30; the bulbs were assayed a month later (days 30 and 60
      respectively). It was found that in both neonatal and 30-day-old rats,
      denervation caused a 15% decrease in total activity, while transection led to
      more than 60% reduction. In the older rats, the reduction due to transection
      represented the degenerative loss of activity, but in the neonatally transected
      bulbs the growth of some cholinergic elements continued although very slowly.
      Between birth to day 30, total AChE activity increased only 12X in completely
      isolated OB, 25X in transected OB and 40X in denervated OB, compared to 45-50X in
      control OB. In the transected and isolated bulbs specific activity of AChE was
      also reduced significantly (25-50% depending on age and operation). These results
      suggest that while centrifugal fibers are the main source of cholinergic activity
      in the mature as well as the developing OB, the olfactory nerve and some
      intrabulbar sources such as cholinergic cells or cholinoceptive membranes also
      contribute to AChE activity in the OB. These intrinsic sources of AChE activity
      can persist and even show some growth in the developing olfactory bulb in the
      absence of the centrifugal fibers and/or the olfactory afferents.

PMID- 4027676
TI  - Nerve growth factor and dexamethasone specify the catecholaminergic phenotype of
      cultured rat chromaffin cells: dependence on developmental stage.
AB  - Antibodies to epinephrine (E) and bovine phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
      (PNMT) have been used to monitor the regulation of the E- and PNMT-immunoreactive
      chromaffin cell phenotypes by dexamethasone (DEX) and nerve growth factor (NGF).
      The cells were isolated from 1-, 10- and 30-day-old (D1, D10 and D30) rat adrenal
      glands and grown for 4 days on a polyornithine substratum. DEX (10(-5)M)
      supported the survival of 90% of the cells from all postnatal ages studied. In
      contrast, only 45% (D1), 33% (D10) and 60% (D30) of the chromaffin cells had
      survived after 4 days in control cultures or when treated with NGF (100 ng/ml).
      Throughout this study numbers of E-immunoreactive cells were approximately 10%
      larger than those of cells stained by anti-PNMT antibodies irrespective of the
      treatments applied. 55% of the cells isolated at D1 and 79% of the cells at D10
      were stained by anti-E antibodies. The proportion of E-positive cells was
      constant in D1 cultures carried for 4 days, while E-immunoreactive cells dropped
      to 63% in cultures from D10. At D1 and D10 DEX and NGF had opposite effects on
      the portions of E-positive cells, DEX increasing and NGF decreasing their
      relative numbers, 66% of the chromaffin cells isolated at D30 displayed E
      specific immunoreactivity. DEX caused a significant increase (to 74%), while both
      NGF-treated and control cultures exhibited a decrease in the relative numbers of
      E-immunoreactive cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027677
TI  - Identification of synapses formed by the aberrant, uncrossed retinogeniculate
      projection in the hamster after neonatal monocular enucleation.
AB  - The terminals of the abnormally enhanced, stabilized uncrossed retinogeniculate
      projection in adult hamsters produced by removal of one eye at birth, were
      labelled by injection of HRP into the remaining eye and examined by electron
      microscopy. Labelled terminals closely resembling normally positioned retinal
      terminals were found to make well-differentiated synaptic contacts with
      geniculate projection and interneuron-like cells in regions of the dorsal lateral
      geniculate nucleus that do not receive uncrossed retinal input in normal adult
      animals.

PMID- 4027678
TI  - Decreased number of cells in the inferior olivary nucleus of the developing
      staggerer mouse.
AB  - Light-microscopic study and cell counts of the inferior olivary nucleus (ION)
      were performed in staggerer mutant mice and compared to those obtained in C57B16J
      controls. The main result is that 60% of the olivary cells are missing in 24-day
      old mutants and that most of the deficit is already present on postnatal day 10.
      It has been previously shown that the staggerer gene exerts an intrinsic effect
      on the Purkinje cells. Whether cells of the inferior olive are, in addition to
      Purkinje cells, a primary site of gene action, or whether they are retrogradely
      affected by the cerebellar malformation, remains unknown from the present study.

PMID- 4027679
TI  - Temporal retina is preferentially represented in the early retinotectal
      projection in the hamster.
AB  - Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after complete transection
      of the brachium of the superior colliculus on the day of birth in hamsters
      revealed preferential labelling of the temporal retina. Cytochrome oxidase
      staining of the retina showed similar preferential temporal labelling. A discrete
      lack of label of the extreme temporal periphery of the retina contralateral to
      the HRP placement and a complementary label of ipsilateral temporal periphery
      were also observed.

PMID- 4027681
TI  - Extensive target cell loss during development results in mossy fibers in the
      regio superior (CA1) of the rat hippocampal formation.
AB  - The axons of dentate granule cells (mossy fibers) have been reported to appear in
      the regio superior (CA1) of the rat hippocampal formation following destruction
      of the pyramidal cells in the regio inferior (CA3). We undertook the present
      experiments to confirm this finding and to determine the requirements for this
      dramatic neuronal rearrangement. We found that extensive (greater than 80%) loss
      of CA3 cells, as well as the presence of surviving CA1 neurons within a narrow
      period of development (postnatal days 3-5) is necessary, however apparently not
      sufficient, for the appearance of CA1 mossy fibers. That the absence of normal
      target cells during a restricted period of mossy fiber development will lead to
      their association with novel targets suggests that much of the specificity of
      this developing connection depends on the presence of normal targets during a
      critical period.

PMID- 4027680
TI  - Fetal retinae transplanted over tecta of neonatal rats respond to light and evoke
      patterned neuronal discharges in the host superior colliculus.

PMID- 4027682
TI  - Motoneurone survival and neuritic outgrowth promoted by different cell types in
      embryonic muscle.
AB  - Different cell types within developing chick skeletal muscle were assayed for
      their ability to release factors into culture media which could affect the
      survival and neuritic development of labelled motoneurones and lateral motor
      column explants. Enriched cultures of myotubes, myoblasts, fibroblasts and
      mesenchyme were prepared by selective preplating and trypsinisation techniques.
      Degrees of enrichment were assessed immunofluorescently and morphologically;
      fibroblasts were the main contaminating cell type. Medium conditioned over each
      cell type was then tested in dose-response assay against both explants and
      dissociated motoneurones. In both cases the myotube conditioned medium (MCM)
      promoted the greatest levels of both survival and neuritic outgrowth, and had the
      greatest relative potency of all of the cell types. When MCM was preincubated
      over polycationic substrata, it lost the ability to promote neuritic growth; this
      could be restored if fresh conditioned medium (CM) was added to the cultures.
      Thus it was demonstrated that within the MCM there are physically separable
      agents responsible for neurone survival and neurite expression. The neurite
      promoting factor (NPF) within the MCM was stable to collagenase,
      deoxyribonuclease, neuraminidase and chondroitinase ABC, but was destroyed by
      trypsin and heparinase. These results imply that a heparan sulfate proteoglycan
      is essential for the activity of the factor.

PMID- 4027684
TI  - Glycoprotein composition and turnover in subcellular fractions from the cerebral
      cortex of normal and reeler mutant mice.
AB  - Twenty-day-old reeler and normal mice were either injected intraventricularly
      with radiolabelled fucose before subcellular fractionation of the cerebral cortex
      followed by SDS-PAGE, or gels of such fractions were overlaid with
      [125I]concanavalin A (ConA). While there were no differences in polypeptide
      profiles of normal and reeler subcellular fractions there were marked differences
      in the abundance of particular ConA-binding glycoproteins and in fucose
      incorporation into particular glycoproteins, especially in the synaptic plasma
      membrane (SPM) and 100,000 g soluble fractions. In addition there was a
      significantly lower binding (greater than 50%) of quinuclidinyl benzilate to
      reeler microsomal and SPM fractions as compared with normal. The differences in
      glycoprotein expression may be pertinent to anatomical observations of abnormal
      interactions between neurons and glial fibres during development of the reeler
      cerebrum.

PMID- 4027683
TI  - Formation of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area: neuronal
      growth, migration and changes in cell number.
AB  - The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) appears to be a
      morphological marker of the process of sexual differentiation of the rat brain. A
      portion of the presumptive SDN-POA neurons can be specifically identified
      utilizing autoradiography following the administration of [3H]thymidine on day 18
      of gestation. In the present study we have utilized this fact in order to
      describe the general pattern of formation of the SDN-POA during the perinatal
      period. Following the administration of [3H]thymidine, fetal pups were sacrificed
      and perfused with neutral formalin either two hours after the injection or on day
      20 or 22 postfertilization. Neonatal pups were either sacrificed and perfused or
      assigned to one of the treatment groups. Male pups were either gonadectomized or
      sham gonadectomized; females were all sham gonadectomized. These pups were then
      sacrificed and perfused on either day 26, 28 or 32 postfertilization. All brains
      were processed for autoradiography. The size, number and location of labeled
      cells within the medial preoptic area (MPOA) was determined. In general it
      appears that the labeled cells grow in size during the early postnatal period.
      These cells also migrate from the more ventral aspects of the MPOA to aggregate
      and form the SDN-POA. Furthermore, there is a significant decrease in the number
      of labeled cells by day 32 postfertilization (day 10 of postnatal life) which
      appears to contribute to the specific labeling of the SDN-POA of the adult
      animal. However, results obtained in this study from quantitative analyses do not
      indicate that sex or the postnatal steroid hormone environment influence the
      processes of growth, migration and decrease in MPOA cell number of those
      presumptive SDN-POA cells born specifically on day 18 of gestation and analyzed
      in this study.

PMID- 4027685
TI  - An autoradiographic analysis of the time of origin of neurons in the hypothalamus
      of the cat.
AB  - The pattern of neurogenesis of the cat hypothalamus was studied by the use of the
      [3H]thymidine autoradiographic method. The neurons of the cat hypothalamus are
      nearly all generated in a period from embryonic days E21 to E35, and in most
      cases the neurons in a single nucleus are generated over a much shorter period.
      The dominant gradient along which the cells are organized is lateral-medial
      (outside-in). This gradient was apparent in all nuclei except the periventricular
      and arcuate nuclei. Two other gradients were observed in some, but not all,
      nuclei. These were along the dorsoventral and the posteroanterior axis. The
      dorsoventral gradient was uniformly less pronounced than the lateromedial
      gradient. The posteroanterior gradient was most obvious in the mammillary
      complex. An analysis of the data suggests that the neurons of individual nuclei
      do not necessarily have a unique production history. This suggests that insofar
      as nuclear formation is concerned, factors such as the parental population
      generating the neurons that populate a nucleus, as well as the early neuronal
      interconnections, may play a more important role than the birthdates themselves.

PMID- 4027686
TI  - The development of cell size in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of
      monocularly paralyzed cats.
AB  - Nissl profiles of cell somata in the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) of adult
      cats which had been reared from 3 to 4 weeks of age with monocular paralysis (MP)
      were compared to those from normally reared adult cats. In all subjects,
      measurements were made in 3 different regions of the binocular segments of the A
      and A1 laminae and in the monocular segment in both LGNs. In the cats reared with
      MP, reductions in average cell size of about 20%, relative to normal, were
      detected throughout the binocular segments of the A and A1 laminae in both LGNs
      whether their innervation was provided by the paralyzed or mobile eye. There were
      no detectable effects in the monocular segments. These results are discussed in
      comparison to the morphological effects of other rearing procedures, particularly
      strabismus and monocular deprivation.

PMID- 4027687
TI  - Effects of neural stimuli on paraventricular nucleus neurones.
AB  - The electrical activity of 122 neurones mostly located within the parvocellular
      components of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was recorded in
      urethane-anaesthetized male rats. Spontaneous activity and responses to single
      shock stimulation of the following sites were recorded: median eminence (ME),
      neurohypophysis (PIT), preoptic area (POA), nucleus accumbens (ACB), subiculum
      (SUB), sciatic nerve (ScN), and photic (Ph) stimulation. Stimulation of ME
      antidromically invaded 14% of the cells recorded, the spontaneous firing rate of
      these neurones was significantly slower than that of the rest of the population.
      The responses of the neurones identified as projecting to ME, to the above
      stimuli, were generally found to be in the same direction as for the whole
      population but the proportions of the majority responses were greater. Identified
      cells mainly responded with orthodromic excitation following POA, SUB, ScN, and
      Ph stimulation whereas ACB stimulation produced a greater proportion of
      inhibitiory responses. High degrees of convergence were found following afferent
      stimuli. The possibility that some of the neurones projecting to ME may be
      candidates for the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF-) cells, is discussed.

PMID- 4027689
TI  - Endogenous sugar acid control of hypothalamic neuron activity and gastric acid
      secretion in rats.
AB  - The feeding related endogenous sugar acids, 2-deoxytetronic acid, 2-DTA and 3
      deoxypentonic acid, 3-DPA, were investigated for their peripheral and central
      (hypothalamic) control of gastric acid secretion, and effects on activity of
      lateral hypothalamic (LHA) neurons in rats. Peripheral gastric acid secretion was
      not affected by either 2-DTA or 3-DPA. Slight gastric acid secretion was elicited
      by 3-DPA only when it was applied directly into the gastric related site of the
      LHA. Gastric acid secretion induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) was suppressed by
      application of 2-DTA in the LHA. 3-DPA had no effect on 2DG induced secretion.
      Electrophoretic application of 2-DTA significantly inhibited the activity of both
      gastric and non-gastric type glucose-sensitive neurons in the LHA, and 3-DPA
      significantly excited both types of glucose-sensitive neurons. The results agree
      with previous reports that 2-DTA and 3-DPA are endogenous satiety and hunger
      factors, respectively, and act by modulating hypothalamic control of gastric acid
      secretion which is mediated through gastric type and non-gastric type glucose
      sensitive neurons.

PMID- 4027688
TI  - Dissociation of subjective pain report and pain-related late positive components
      of cerebral evoked potentials in subjects with brain lesions.
AB  - Several studies have described a correlation between subjective pain report and
      late positive components (LPCs) of cerebral evoked potentials occurring with
      latencies ranging from 150 to 400 msec after the onset of painful stimuli. We
      report here human subjects with brain lesions who revealed very small LPCs in
      response to painful electrical skin stimuli applied to the finger pads even
      though they described strong subjective pain for the same stimuli. A decrease in
      pain-related LPCs was observed regardless of whether the stimuli were applied to
      the finger pads ipsilateral or contralateral to the brain lesions. Based on this
      observation, it is suggested that the pain-related LPCs may reflect neural
      processes which are presumably associated with information processing of painful
      input rather than neural processes of pain perception per se.

PMID- 4027690
TI  - Isolation of glomeruli from areas of bovine cerebellum and comparison of
      [3H]serotonin uptake.
AB  - A method for bulk preparation of glomerular particles from subdivisions of the
      bovine cerebellum is presented. This method represents a modification of that
      previously reported by Hajos et al. [8], which increases the yield of glomerular
      protein by five-fold (5.5 mg/g wet wt) without compromising structural integrity
      or homogeneity. In addition, it offers the advantage of allowing one to study
      intraregional variations in the metabolic properties of cerebellar glomeruli.
      [3H]Serotonin (5-HT) uptake was measured in this preparation and it was
      demonstrated that glomeruli possess an active high affinity mechanism for this
      substrate. Comparison of [3H]5-HT uptake by glomeruli isolated from the
      cerebellar cortices of the lateral hemispheres and vermis revealed no differences
      in their kinetic properties.

PMID- 4027693
TI  - The neural and metabolic basis of feeding. Satellite symposium of the annual
      meetings of the Society for Neuroscience. October 7-9, 1984.

PMID- 4027692
TI  - Ventral tegmental area of the rabbit brain: a developmental Golgi study.
AB  - The ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the rabbit mesencephalon was examined with
      Golgi-Cox impregnation at neonatal (days 3-21 of age) and young adult (6-12
      months of age) stages of development. Neurons in the dorsal midline were small,
      with sparsely-branched, vertically-oriented dendrites. Neurons in the ventral
      midline were medium-sized, oval cells with sparse, vertically-oriented dendrites,
      and multipolar cells with more abundant diffusely-oriented dendrites. Neurons in
      the medial zone of the VTA, between the midline and the exiting III nerve fibers,
      were oval in shape, medium in size, and possessed vertical dendritic
      arborizations of greater size and extent of branching than those in the dorsal
      midline. Lateral neurons, found among III nerve fibers, were medium-sized and
      possessed dendritic trees that were specifically oriented in a vertical or
      horizontal plane, or were diffusely-branched with more abundant arborizations
      than their specifically oriented counterpart. Very small neurons with short,
      single branches were scattered among all regions of the VTA. The major cell types
      showed a similar pattern of dendritic maturation. At 3-9 days of age, the
      dendrites were generally short, spiny and poorly branched. From days 9-21, the
      branches increased in number and length, spines were lost, and these neurons
      rapidly approached adult size and form. The neurons of VTA appear isodendritic in
      form, and developed in a pattern consistent with other areas of reticular
      formation, suggesting that VTA may be part of the reticular core of the brain
      stem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027691
TI  - New "micro push-pull" catheter system for localized perfusion of diminutive
      structures in brain.
AB  - A new double-lumen micro-catheter has been adapted for use in an integrated push
      pull cannula system for perfusion of brain tissue of the unrestrained animal. The
      catheter consists of a single strand of polyethylene tubing available in sizes
      with an external diameter ranging from 280-480 microns. A microcapillary pipette
      is drawn and inserted into each lumen of the two channels. The pipettes are then
      connected by polyethylene tubing to calibrated gas-tight syringes mounted on the
      reciprocating decks of an infusion-withdrawal pump. Since the diameter of the
      orifice of each lumen is equal, the simultaneous delivery and withdrawal of an
      osmotically balanced artificial CSF at a perfusion site is assured. In prototype
      experiments, the tissue exchange of 3H-norepinephrine and 14C-dopamine
      incorporated into the CSF perfusate was examined simultaneously at hypothalamic
      sites in the rat. At perfusion rates of 12.5 and 25.0 microliter/min, the mean
      recovery of the catecholamine neurotransmitters in terms of the radio-label
      residual in the perfusate ranged between 85-88 percent. The principal advantages
      of the new system are its flexibility, ease of sterilization and its diminutive
      size which enables perfusion, for the first time, of individual nuclei or fiber
      tracts in the brain of a laboratory animal such as the rat. Thus, a more precise
      delivery of a drug or other chemical agent to the site of perfusion as well as
      the collection of a released transmitter substance from the same anatomical locus
      can now be accomplished.

PMID- 4027694
TI  - Comparison of the metabolic and behavioral disturbances following paraventricular
      and ventromedial-hypothalamic lesions.
AB  - Lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) result in an obesity syndrome with
      several metabolic and behavioral manifestations. It has also been reported that
      damage to the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) leads to changes characteristic
      of obesity. However, little is known about the consequence of PVH lesions,
      especially in contrast to the extensive documentation of VMH lesion-induced
      effects. To assess the basic features of the two hypothalamic obesity syndromes,
      rats underwent VMH, PVH, or sham lesions and, for 15 weeks, were maintained ad
      lib on a series of test diets. Both lesions groups were hyperphagic and showed
      similar weight gains. Although both lesion groups became obese (measured by %
      carcass fat), VMH rats were fatter than PVH animals. Similarly, only VMH rats
      were hyperinsulinemic. Further tests were conducted in PVH and VMH rats
      restricted to control body weights. VMH, but not PVH, rats developed a persisting
      elevation in basal gastric acid secretion. As well, only VMH, and not PVH,
      animals developed an obesity when restricted to normal weights. These data
      indicate similarities in PVH and VMH rats maintained ad lib but experiments on
      restricted animals reveal fundamental differences in the two obesities and point
      to different etiologies.

PMID- 4027696
TI  - On the role of the mouth and gut in the control of saccharin and sugar intake: a
      reexamination of the sham-feeding preparation.
AB  - Adult female rats, each fitted with a gastric fistula, were tested for their
      "normal-feeding" (fistula closed) and "sham-feeding" (fistula open) response to
      saccharin and sugar solutions under a variety of conditions. When hungry, rats
      consumed no more of a 0.2% saccharin solution with their fistula open than they
      did with their fistula closed. Increasing or decreasing the saccharin
      concentration did not increase the amount of solution sham fed, but adding a
      small amount of glucose (3%) to the saccharin solution did increase the amount
      sham fed. Thirsty rats, unlike hungry, significantly increased their 0.2%
      saccharin solution intake when tested with an open fistula. When tested with a
      32% glucose solution, hungry rats consumed up to six times more solution with
      their fistula open than with their fistula closed. The hungry rats also sham fed
      significantly more of the 32% glucose solution than of the 0.2% saccharin
      solution or 0.2% saccharin + 3% glucose solution. Sham-feeding of a 32% sucrose
      solution significantly elevated blood glucose levels, but blocking this effect by
      adding acarbose, a drug that inhibits sucrose digestion, did not reduce the
      amount of solution sham fed. Several possible explanations for the differential
      sham-feeding response to saccharin and sugar solutions are discussed.

PMID- 4027695
TI  - Noradrenergic innervation of the paraventricular nucleus: specific role in
      control of carbohydrate ingestion.
AB  - Acute injections of norepinephrine (NE) into the hypothalamic paraventricular
      nucleus (PVN) have been shown to elicit eating in satiated rats. The present
      report examines the effects of acute and chronic PVN infusion of NE on intake of
      various liquid and mixed solid diets and on selection of the pure macronutrients,
      carbohydrate, protein, and fat. The results demonstrate that noradrenergic
      stimulation of the PVN (40 nmoles of NE) reliably enhances ingestion of pure
      sucrose diets (liquid and solid) and also of sweet and non-sweet milk solutions.
      Saccharin intake, in contrast, is unaffected. In preference tests, rats injected
      with NE show a greater increase in consumption of sucrose cubes compared with lab
      chow pellets, but exhibit an equivalent preference for sweet and non-sweet
      carbohydrate-rich diets. Tests with the three pure macronutrients simultaneously
      available reveal, after NE injection, a strong and selective increase in
      consumption of carbohydrate, with little or no change in intake of fat and, in
      some cases, a suppression of protein intake. This clear preference for
      carbohydrate can be seen with chronic NE infusion (5 nmoles every 30 min over a
      14-day period), as well as after acute NE injection (40 nmoles), and also with
      long-term (24-hr) as well as short-term (1-hr) food intake measurements. This and
      other evidence suggests that the PVN noradrenergic system may play a specific and
      unique role in the control of carbohydrate ingestion.

PMID- 4027697
TI  - Brown fat thermogenesis and its role in the development of obesity.
AB  - The role of brown fat thermogenesis in the development of obesity is considered
      from a number of perspectives. In adult rats, the impact of scapular brown fat
      lipectomy on carcass fat accretion was examined in three different rodent models:
      the Zucker lean (Fa/-) rat which is relatively resistant to obesity, the Zucker
      obese (fa/fa) rat which is characterized by a particularly severe form of
      hyperplastic obesity and the Osborne Mendel rat which remains lean on a standard
      pelleted diet but readily becomes obese on a palatable high fat diet. The
      consequences of brown fat lipectomy varied from no effect on carcass white fat
      accretion in Zucker Fa/- lean rats to a significant increase in adiposity in the
      Zucker fatty fa/fa relative to their respective sham-operated controls. The
      effect of the Osborne Mendel rat was intermediate between the Fa/- and the fa/fa.
      The results point to the importance of genetic background with respect to the
      impact of brown fat lipectomy on the development of white fat adiposity. In the
      developing Zucker rat at 2 and 8 days of age, in vivo evidence is presented to
      support the concept that brown fat thermogenesis is attenuated in the fatty fa/fa
      preobese pup. In animals of the fatty fa/fa genotype, maximum oxygen consumption
      in response to acute cold exposure was lower than in lean pups of the Fa/Fa
      genotype. Moreover, at 8 days of age, the rectal temperature of the cold-exposed
      fa/fa pups fell more precipitously than did that of the lean during the period of
      cold exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027698
TI  - Impaired diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue from rats made obese
      with parasagittal hypothalamic knife-cuts.
AB  - Two experiments were performed to determine if bilateral parasagittal
      hypothalamic knife-cuts (KCs), which produce long-term overeating and obesity,
      after biochemical indices of brown adipose tissue (BAT) reactivity to thermogenic
      stimuli. In the first study, responses to environmental cold were tested. Four
      weeks after surgery, KC rats had gained 4-5 times more weight than controls and
      were obese (increased Lee Obesity Index and weight of gonadal white fat). Before
      being sacrificed, groups of KC and control rats were exposed to 4 degrees C for
      21 hr or remained at 28 degrees C. Interscapular BAT weighed 300% more in KC
      rats, due largely to increased white fat content. Functional indices of BAT
      thermogenic capacity (protein content, DNA content, cytochrome oxidase activity
      and mitochondrial guanosine diphosphate (GDP) binding) were normal at 28 degrees
      C. Exposure to 4 degrees C produced greatly enhanced responses but these were
      equivalent for both groups. This suggested an intact capacity for non-shivering
      thermogenesis in obese KC rats. In the second study, the same BAT responses were
      examined in other rats fed a palatable "cafeteria" diet (CAFE). One week after
      surgery, KC and control rats were subdivided into groups that received chow alone
      or chow plus four different palatable foods daily. Before sacrificing 4-5 weeks
      later, KC rats had gained 3-4 times more weight than controls and were obese.
      Interscapular BAT weighed 200-300% more in KC rats. CAFE feeding produced larger
      increments in all variables for KC vs. control rats. Most importantly, GDP
      binding was reduced in both KC groups, and significantly more so after CAFE
      feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027699
TI  - On-line continuous measurement of blood glucose and meal pattern in free-feeding
      rats: the role of glucose in meal initiation.
AB  - Louis-Sylvestre and LeMagnen have suggested that the premeal decline in blood
      glucose is or reflects a signal for meal initiation in rats. In order to extend
      and test this hypothesis, a computer controlled system for continuously and
      concurrently measuring blood glucose and food intake in free-feeding rats was
      developed. In 18 experiments (with and without intravenous saline infusions),
      blood glucose declined about 12 minutes prior to meal onset. During 2-1/2 hours
      of observation, no decline in blood glucose and no meal occurred in 19 other
      experiments. In 7 experiments in which 10 percent glucose was infused IV to
      partially block the premeal decline (average blockade = 46.5%), the subsequent
      meal was significantly delayed. These results suggest that the pre-meal decline
      in blood glucose is not only correlated with but is also caudally related to meal
      onset. These studies suggest that the premeal decline in blood glucose is among
      the signals for meal initiation.

PMID- 4027700
TI  - Nutritional influences on dietary selection patterns of obese and lean Zucker
      rats.
AB  - Little is known about the behavioral, nutritional, and metabolic events that
      control dietary intake quality. Two experiments are described that manipulate
      nutritional conditions that have been hypothesized to affect dietary item choice
      so as to assess what effect, if any, the added factor of genetic obesity has in
      modifying the response to these manipulations. In the first experiment, 5 week
      old male obese and lean Zucker rats were fed a diet that varied in protein
      content (10%, 20%, or 60% casein by weight) for ten weeks. They were then allowed
      to select a diet from three separate macronutrient sources (casein, starch, or
      corn oil). Although body weights at the end of the 10 week maintenance period
      were markedly different, selection patterns were not influenced by pre-feeding
      different levels of protein. Obese rats selected a diet that was higher in fat
      and lower in protein than the diets composed by lean rats. In the second
      experiment, four groups of 7 month old obese and lean Zucker rats were given
      access to one of four diets that varied in protein content (5%, 10%, 15%, or 20%
      casein by weight). In addition, each rat was periodically given access to a 32%
      sucrose solution. Access to sucrose promoted increases in total caloric intake,
      independent of the protein content of the diet. Obese rats typically ate more
      calories per day than did their lean littermates. Results from these experiments
      suggest that food item selection is determined more by factors associated with
      obesity than by factors associated with dietary history.

PMID- 4027701
TI  - Serotonergic modulation of the feeding behavior of the medicinal leech.
AB  - Hungry medicinal leeches, Hirudo medicinalis, bite warm surfaces and ingest blood
      meals averaging 890% of their weight. Satiation lasts 12-18 months during which
      leeches avoid warm surfaces and will not bite. The segmental nervous system of
      the leech is distinguished by a population of neurons which contain serotonin (5
      Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) at high concentrations. Some of these identified 5-HT
      neurons directly activate the effectors responsible for three physiological
      components of feeding: salivary secretion, bite-like movements and pharyngeal
      peristalsis. A localized warming of the lip is sufficient to initiate ingestion
      and synaptically excites anterior 5-HT cells into high frequency impulses or
      bursts. Distension of the body wall terminates ingestion and also hyperpolarizes
      these 5-HT neurons. Serotonin treatment produces hyperphagic behavior by the
      leech, while a specific pharmacological lesion of its 5-HT cell produces the
      anorexic behavior of satiation. This anorexia is transiently reversed by 5-HT
      treatment. Serotonin plays an obligatory role in the initiation and expression of
      leech feeding behavior by its differential modulation of central neuronal
      networks and peripheral glands and muscles.

PMID- 4027702
TI  - Superfusion of clomipramine within the ventromedial hypothalamus selectively
      suppresses paradoxical sleep in freely moving rats.
AB  - Sleep patterns were continuously recorded in rats which received during 2 hours
      and a half a push-pull superfusion of clomipramine at 10(-6) mol/l or 10(-8)
      mol/l concentrations, within the ventromedial hypothalamus. The superfusion of
      10(-6) mol/l clomipramine resulted in a suppression of paradoxical sleep (PS) and
      a reduction of slow wave sleep (SWS), whereas lower concentrations of this drug
      (10(-8) mol/l) suppressed PS but did not affect SWS. In both cases, a secondary
      rebound of PS was observed. These findings are discussed with regard to the
      present knowledge of the role of the hypothalamus in sleep.

PMID- 4027703
TI  - AChE-positive fiber growth after hippocampal fimbria transection and peripheral
      nerve homogenate implantation.
AB  - Gelfoam treated with peripheral nerve homogenate was implanted into a site of
      hippocampal fimbria transection in the adult rat to assess whether the homogenate
      might enhance growth of AChE-positive fibers into the lesion site and whether the
      fiber growth might be directed to the implants. Homogenate was prepared from
      intact peripheral nerve and in a few cases from degenerated nerve. Some implants
      were encased in Silastic. Homogenate was also injected into the denervated
      hippocampus. The major finding was that AChE-positive fiber growth was associated
      with regions of high astroglial cell content in preference to the relatively
      hypocellular implants. No clear differences in AChE fiber sprouting into the
      lesion site, fiber growth into implants, or hippocampal reinnervation were noted
      between homogenate and saline-treated animals.

PMID- 4027704
TI  - Direct action of mazindol on guinea-pig ventromedial hypothalamic neurons:
      intracellular studies in slice preparation.
AB  - Neuronal responses in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) to mazindol
      (MZD) were examined by intracellular recordings in hypothalamic slices in vitro.
      Bath application of MZD caused depolarization of the membrane by 8.0 +/- 3.4 mV
      (mean +/- S.D.) associated with an increase in the input membrane resistance
      (23.0 +/- 5.8%) among 20% of the cells examined. Current-voltage plots, obtained
      simultaneously, showed the reversal potential between -80 and -90 mV. These
      results indicate that MZD depolarizes VMH neurons by reducing the K+ conductance,
      through a mechanism similar to that of glucose, and the anorectic action of MZD
      can be explained by its direct effects on the VMH.

PMID- 4027705
TI  - Effect of vagotomy on cholinergic parameters in nuclei of rat medulla oblongata.
AB  - Cholinergic enzymes and muscarinic receptors in nuclei of rat medulla oblongata
      were examined after unilateral vagotomy to determine their association with
      efferent vagal neurons. Vagotomy caused an ipsilateral depletion of
      acetylcholinesterase from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DNV) and the
      nucleus ambiguus (NA). Choline acetyltransferase activity was reduced in
      ipsilateral DNV, nucleus tractus solitarius and rostral NA. Muscarinic receptor
      localization by autoradiography with [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) revealed
      marked intranuclear variations in receptor density. Vagotomy had no effect on the
      QNB binding pattern. Loss of cholinergic enzymes is a consistent response of
      motor and preganglionic autonomic neurons to axotomy. Depletion of muscarinic
      receptors is an additional component of axon reaction in brain stem motoneurons.
      Accordingly, previous studies have shown a decrease in neurotransmitter-related
      proteins after axotomy of motoneurons. In the present study, cholinergic enzymes
      were depleted from axotomized vagal neurons but receptors were not. It is
      concluded that muscarinic receptors in the DNV and NA are not associated with
      vagal efferent neurons.

PMID- 4027706
TI  - Anatomical evidence that neural circuits related to the subfornical organ contain
      angiotensin II.
AB  - Bidirectional connections between the subfornical organ and the hypothalamus are
      reviewed, and emphasis is placed on recent evidence for the presence of
      angiotensin II in some of these pathways. Additionally, evidence is presented
      suggesting that this peptide may serve as a neurotransmitter or neuroendocrine
      factor in the efferent projections of cell groups receiving neural inputs from
      the subfornical organ. It appears that angiotensin II may serve as one of the
      chemical messengers at each link in multi-synaptic pathways related to the
      subfornical organ.

PMID- 4027707
TI  - Electrophysiology of the subfornical organ and its hypothalamic connections--an
      in-vivo study in the rat.
AB  - The connections of the subfornical organ to a defined population of hypothalamic
      neurons have been explored with extracellular recording methods in the rat.
      Electrical stimulation in the subfornical organ has a predominantly excitatory
      action on a majority of oxytocin and vasopressin-secreting neurosecretory neurons
      in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Subfornical organ stimulation also
      enhances the excitability of paraventricular nucleus neurons that project to the
      median eminence, and to the dorsomedial medulla. These observations provide
      initial evidence of functional connectivity of subfornical organ neurons with
      other hypothalamic cells that are engaged in central regulation of pituitary
      secretions and autonomic activities.

PMID- 4027709
TI  - [Occurrence of anti-HLA antibodies in amniotic fluid].

PMID- 4027708
TI  - The subfornical organ: biochemical and neuroendocrine comparisons with the
      hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system.
AB  - Biochemical, cytochemical and immunological methods were used to compare the
      metabolic and neuroendocrine properties of the subfornical organ (SFO) with the
      hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) in the rat. The SFO resembles the HNS
      in that both have (a) increased label incorporation into RNA during dehydration;
      (b) an intense reaction for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; (c) NADPH
      diaphorase and the Type I pathway for hydrogen utilization from NADPH, presumably
      as part of the mixed-function oxidase system for the metabolism of endogenous
      substrates and xenobiotics; (d) immunoreactive vasopressin and oxytocin. Gel
      filtration of extracts of the SFO area using Sephadex G-25 chromatography
      resulted in immunoreactive peaks for both AVP and OT which were similar to
      synthetic hormones. One other fraction in the SFO extract, containing a
      substance(s) of higher molecular weight than AVP, was detected using the
      antiserum for AVP. The concentration of immunoreactive AVP in the SFO area was
      increased after colchicine, decreased by hypophysectomy, and unaltered by: (a)
      infusion (4.6 pg/min for 3 hr) or injection (1 or 6 ng) of AVP into the lateral
      cerebroventricle; (b) dehydration; (c) renin administered
      intracerebroventricularly; (d) pinealectomy; or (e) hypertension in the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat. In conclusion, cells in the SFO have specialized
      metabolic and neuroendocrine properties similar to the HNS. It can be inferred
      from these biochemical specializations that the SFO has metabolic and secretory
      activities.

PMID- 4027710
TI  - [Determination of the cytological stage of malignancy in breast carcinoma].

PMID- 4027712
TI  - [Risk factors in ischemic heart disease and type A/B behavior].

PMID- 4027713
TI  - [The effect of genetic factors on blood lipoprotein levels].

PMID- 4027711
TI  - [Recording the electrical field of the heart using symbolic maps].

PMID- 4027714
TI  - [Monitoring the electrocardiogram during sleep].

PMID- 4027715
TI  - [Determination of the size of an irregular surface in a biological experiment
      using computer technics].

PMID- 4027716
TI  - [Postural aberrations caused by sinusoidal galvanic stimulation of the labyrinths
      during various postural positions].

PMID- 4027717
TI  - [Comparison of therapeutic approaches in subacute thyroiditis].

PMID- 4027718
TI  - [Fibrogenicity of real mine dust and dust deposits isolated from the lungs of
      miners in an animal experiment].

PMID- 4027720
TI  - [Changes in the shape of the thoracic wall in asthma due to the effect of loading
      and hypobaric conditions].

PMID- 4027719
TI  - [Differences in the cholinergic effects of eserine and pilocarpine on the uvea
      and retina of the bovine eye].

PMID- 4027721
TI  - [The composition of fatty acids and lipids in the blood of healthy people of
      various ages].

PMID- 4027722
TI  - [Relation between a simple cytologic test and persistent disease in
      radiologically treated cases of carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

PMID- 4027723
TI  - [Ogilvie's syndrome after cesarean section].

PMID- 4027724
TI  - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific urethritis of
      chlamydial origin].

PMID- 4027725
TI  - [Use of phonopulmonary signals in diagnostics in the bronchopulmonary system].

PMID- 4027726
TI  - [Complications after transabdominal amniocentesis and their prevention].

PMID- 4027727
TI  - [The antiarrhythmia activity of DH 1011].

PMID- 4027728
TI  - [Protective reflexes of the respiratory system in conscious cats during the acute
      phase of oxygen deficiency].

PMID- 4027729
TI  - [The importance of the biochemical examination of ascitic fluid].

PMID- 4027730
TI  - [Ventricular septal defect as a complication of acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4027731
TI  - [Determination of physiologic protein requirements in growing rats].

PMID- 4027732
TI  - [Possibilities of pasture contamination with Taeniarhynchus saginatus eggs].

PMID- 4027733
TI  - Performance of laying hens as affected by split time and split composition
      dietary regiments using ground and unground cereals.
AB  - A factorial experiment was conducted to study the effects on the performance of
      White Leghorn X Australorp laying hens of diets based on unground cereal grains,
      small morning and large afternoon meals, and morning and afternoon meals of
      different composition. From 10 to 21 weeks of age the pullets' food intake was
      restricted, using either a diet in which the wheat fraction (600 g/kg) was
      unground or a fully ground diet of similar composition. In the laying period the
      birds received either a diet (U) in which the limestone was granulated and most
      of the cereal fraction (wheat and oats or wheat and sorghum) was unground or a
      fully ground diet (G) of similar composition. Both laying diets were offered ad
      libitum (A), with 25% issued in the morning and 75% in the late afternoon (T) or
      as a protein concentrate (250 g/kg of total diet) in the morning and
      cereal/limestone fraction (750 g/kg) in the late afternoon (C). Rearing and
      laying performance were unaffected by rearing diet. Laying diet U resulted in a
      5.2% increase in food intake and a 0.9 g increase in average egg weight compared
      with diet G. From 21 to 56 weeks of age, when the cereal/limestone fraction of
      the diet included oats (240 g/kg of total diet), diet U resulted in fewer
      (4.8/bird) eggs and a lower financial margin than diet G. From 56 to 80 weeks of
      age, when oats were replaced by sorghum, this trend was reversed (-3.5 eggs).
      Birds on diet C produced fewer (16.9) eggs of lower (1.5 g) average weight than
      birds on diet A, ate less (1.39 kg) food and had a lower financial
      margin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4027734
TI  - Effects of dietary protein concentration and corticosterone injections on energy
      and nitrogen balances and fat deposition in broiler chicks.
AB  - Reducing dietary protein concentration in isocaloric diets consistently decreased
      nitrogen and energy excretion, and increased dry matter (DM), non-protein DM
      (NPDM), energy retention and fatness. There were significant correlations,
      negative between dietary energy-to-protein (E:P) ratio and nitrogen excretion and
      positive between the E:P ratio and the retention of DM, NPDM and energy. Nitrogen
      excretion was correlated with energy excretion, and NPDM retention with energy
      retention. Corticosterone injections increased fatness despite significantly
      increasing nitrogen and energy excretion. A positive relationship was observed in
      corticosterone-treated birds between nitrogen excretion on the one hand and the
      retention of DM and NPDM on the other. Increased food intake because of a low
      dietary protein concentration was not evident when a sorghum-based diet was used.
      Moreover, corticosterone injections increased neither the food intake nor the
      fatness of chicks fed this diet. Decreasing the protein concentration in diets
      containing identical metabolisable energy (ME) levels slightly, but significantly
      increased apparent ME values in three out of four experiments. Corticosterone
      injection did not affect this variable.

PMID- 4027735
TI  - Heat production by the mature male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): preliminary
      measurements in an automated, indirect, open-circuit multi-calorimeter system.
AB  - The energy metabolism of mature male turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) was determined
      in a computer-controlled indirect multi-calorimeter system of which the design
      and operation are described. Daily heat production did not change significantly
      during an initial 6-d period in the calorimeter chambers. Food intake was at
      first sufficient to promote a rate of energy retention significantly greater than
      zero, but decreased to give negative energy retention on day 6; mean energy
      retention for the whole 6-day period was significantly greater than zero. Heat
      production was affected little by fasting for 72 h, although the respiratory
      quotient decreased to 0.72 within 48 h; the heat increment of feeding was
      therefore small (about 5% of metabolisable energy). Fasting heat production,
      scaled on metabolic body size (bodyweight in kg)0.75, was similar to that of
      mature male domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Heat production after refeeding
      was similar to that recorded during the 6 d before fasting. There was a
      pronounced circadian rhythmicity of heat production in both fed and fasted birds.

PMID- 4027737
TI  - Effects of exercise conditioning on semen characteristics from hyper- and
      hypotensive lines of turkeys.
AB  - Twenty-one male Broad Breasted White turkeys which had been selected for high or
      low blood pressure were put on an exercise regimen to determine its effect on
      semen quality. Eleven were from the hypertensive line and 10 from the hypotensive
      line. Eleven (6 hypertensive and 5 hypotensive) turkeys were placed on an
      exercise regime of walking (herding) about 1 mile daily for 6 weeks before the
      experiment began, and then for a further 6 weeks during semen collection. Semen
      was collected from 11 turkeys on the exercise regime and 10 nonexercised control
      birds which were kept in their experimental pens during the trial. Both
      hypertensive and exercised groups showed an improved semen colour score at the
      first collection period (P less than or equal to 0.09). Only the exercised group
      showed a significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) better score than the
      control group during periods 2 and 3. The hypertensive line showed significantly
      higher spermatozoa count than the hypotensive line during the first collection
      period. There was no effect of either exercise or selection for high or low blood
      pressure on semen volume.

PMID- 4027736
TI  - Influence of food restriction during rearing on the body composition of layer
      strain pullets and hens.
AB  - The influence of two methods of food restriction during rearing on the body and
      liver composition of layer-type birds was investigated during and after
      restriction. In each of two experiments groups of birds were reared on one of
      three treatments: ad libitum food intake (A), time-limited food restriction (TR)
      or proportional food restriction (PR). All birds were fed ad libitum during the
      laying phase. In experiment 1, six birds from each treatment were selected at
      random for estimation of body and liver composition and killed at 70, 101, 162,
      218 and 337 d of age. In experiment 2 four birds were selected from each
      treatment at 280 and 467 d of age. Body composition was predicted in experiment 2
      at various times such as sexual maturity, using equations based on deuterium
      oxide dilution techniques. Body composition changes caused by food restriction
      were related to the length of restriction. Towards its end the major changes
      were: decreased body fat, increased total body water and increased water content
      of the fat-free mass for TR and PR birds compared to A birds. Some changes were
      not due to a reduced liveweight. Food restriction during rearing did not change
      body composition permanently, although predicted body fat at sexual maturity
      (experiment 2) was lower and protein content higher for TR and PR than for A
      birds. There was no demonstrable relationship between the body fat content
      predicted at sexual maturity and subsequent rate of lay (experiment 2).

PMID- 4027738
TI  - Comparison of artificial light sources and lighting programmes for laying hens on
      long ahemeral light cycles.
AB  - Three lighting treatments were given to laying hens, for which the bright and dim
      light of 28-h ahemeral light cycles was provided by incandescent (tungsten
      filament) lamps only or by combinations of tubular fluorescent or compact gas
      discharge lamps with incandescent lamps. There were no differences in entrainment
      (the proportion of eggs laid in 4, 6 or 8 h modal periods) between the three
      bright:dim treatments. A fourth ahemeral lighting treatment in which the dim
      lights were extinguished except during a designated work period (09.00 h to 12.00
      h daily) was termed bright:dim:dark. Hens given the bright:dim:dark treatment
      showed an increased entrainment compared with the three bright:dim light
      treatments. There were no differences (P greater than 0.05) in egg numbers or
      mean egg weight between all 4 lighting treatments. Birds given the
      bright:dim:dark treatment tended to have a lower (P greater than 0.05) food
      intake compared to the three bright:dim treatments.

PMID- 4027739
TI  - Influence of various nesting materials on nest site selection of the domestic
      hen.
AB  - Nesting behaviour of LSL hens from a deep litter house and from a battery system
      was compared. Every hen was tested in one of two trial chambers containing a wire
      mesh floor and a nest unit with 5 nesting materials: wire mesh, perforated
      plastic, synthetic grass, wheat straw and oat husk. Wheat straw and oat husk were
      preferred as nesting materials to perforated plastic, synthetic grass and wire
      mesh. The results from these trials were confirmed in a deep litter house. After
      the nesting material, oat husk, was changed in two of 10 communal nests the hens
      did not accept those two nests for the trial period of two weeks and laid
      elsewhere. Hens of the same breed and age reared together on deep litter showed
      no differences in nest site selection and nesting behaviour regardless of whether
      they had previously been housed in a deep litter house or in cages.

PMID- 4027740
TI  - Quantitation of the fertilising ability of fresh compared with frozen and thawed
      fowl spermatozoa.
AB  - The fertilising abilities of freshly-diluted and frozen and thawed fowl semen
      were compared by inseminating a wide range (0.2 to 1600 X 10(6] of doses of
      spermatozoa. These data demonstrated that there was a non-linear relationship
      between numbers of spermatozoa and the probability of fertilisation. It was
      concluded that a typical fertility trial, which assesses the percentage of
      fertile eggs laid by groups of hens inseminated with a fixed dose of semen, was
      inadequate for comparing the quality of semen samples. An alternative fertility
      trial is described, which involves assessing the numbers of spermatozoa required
      to fertilize a particular percentage of eggs laid. This modified method showed
      that the quality of frozen and thawed semen, in terms of its fertilising ability,
      was reduced to 1.6% of that of fresh semen.

PMID- 4027741
TI  - Effect of nutrition on broiler carcase composition: influence of dietary energy
      content in the starter and finisher phases.
AB  - Three isonitrogenous starter (230 g/kg) and three finisher diets (200 g/kg) were
      formulated to contain 10.78, 12.78 and 14.78 MJ AME/kg and fed to 1512 male and
      female broilers such that there were 9 treatment combinations. Birds fed the low
      energy starter diet were significantly lighter (P less than 0.05) and their
      carcases contained proportionally less abdominal fat and total carcase fat at 24
      d of age. This effect remained until 49 d of age irrespective of the finisher
      diet fed. The energy content of the finisher diet had no significant effect on
      bodyweight but the proportion of abdominal fat and total carcase fat deposited
      was lower for birds fed the low-energy finisher.

PMID- 4027742
TI  - Influence of energy intake on growth and utilisation of dietary protein and
      energy in germ-free and conventional chicks.
AB  - The effect of metabolisable energy (ME) intake on the growth and utilisation of
      dietary protein and energy in germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) chicks was
      investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1 a high energy diet (HED, 14.8 kJ
      ME/g) and a marginally-adequate energy diet (AED, 11.7 kJ ME/g) were fed to the
      GF and CV chicks at 240 g/2 birds/10 d. In experiment 2 a diet with 13.7 kJ ME/g
      was fed at 118 g (low level, LL) or 128 g (high level, HL)/bird/10 d. Body weight
      gain, protein retention and protein retention rate were similar in GF and CV
      chicks on both AED and HED in the first experiment, but in the second were higher
      in GF than in CV chicks. The increased ME intake of the CV chicks in experiment 2
      may be too small to compensate for the increased requirement. ME intake was
      significantly higher in the CV chicks than in the GF chicks, whereas energy
      retention was similar in both groups.

PMID- 4027744
TI  - Effect of the eumelanin restrictor Db on plumage pattern phenotypes of the
      domestic fowl.
AB  - An investigation was conducted among the progeny from crosses between Gold
      Pencilled Hamburgh and Partridge Wyandotte bantams into the relationship between
      two plumage pattern phenotypes, pencilling and autosomal barring, both of which
      are arrangements of eumelanin expressed on a background of phaeomelanic
      pigmentation. A eumelanin restricting gene Db had previously been shown to be
      responsible for the barred phenotype when acting in conjunction with a pattern
      arranging gene Ab. The pencilled phenotype had been presumed to be caused by the
      presence of a pencilling gene Pg. The F2 generation consisted entirely of three
      phenotypes: barred, pencilled and intermediary, with presumed genotypes DB/Db,
      db+/db+ and Db/db+ respectively, indicating that Ab and Pg are one and the same
      gene, for which I propose the retention of the symbol Pg. The gene action of Db
      when homozygous is therefore to prevent curvature, so changing pencilling into
      barring.

PMID- 4027743
TI  - Fearfulness of hens caged individually or in groups in different tiers of a
      battery and the effects of translocation between tiers.
AB  - The responses of laying hens in several fear-eliciting situations were examined.
      The effects of group-housing and translocation of birds between tiers upon a
      previously-observed relationship between fearfulness and cage level were
      assessed. Birds housed in the top tier showed longer durations of tonic
      immobility, greater avoidance of a novel rod placed in their food trough and
      decreased approach, activity and vocalisation when placed in a pen containing a
      novel object, than did their middle-tier counterparts. This relationship, which
      was common to birds housed either individually or socially, was disrupted by
      translocation between tiers. The consistently higher fear scores recorded by
      birds from the top tier are considered likely to reflect differences in general
      rather than stimulus-specific fearfulness.

PMID- 4027745
TI  - Effects of air velocity on convective and radiant heat transfer from domestic
      fowls at environmental temperatures of 20 degrees and 30 degrees C.
AB  - The effects of air movement upon sensible heat loss from individual birds at
      ambient temperatures of 20 degrees and 30 degrees C were determined by
      partitional calorimetry using a newly developed wind tunnel calorimeter. The
      relationship between area specific convective heat loss (W/m2) and air velocity
      (in the range 0.3 to 1.05 m/s) was described by y = 56.5 + 16.9 log x at an air
      temperature of 20 degrees C, but at 30 degrees C convective heat loss increased
      linearly with air speed (y = 11.8 + 40.1 x). At 20 degrees C sensible heat
      exchange (W/m2) was related to air velocity by y = 70.6 exp (0.099 x) and by y =
      41.4 + 25.9 x at 30 degrees C, the proportional increase with air speed being
      greater at the higher temperature. The differences in the effects of air movement
      on convective cooling and sensible heat loss at 20 degrees and 30 degrees C
      reflect the thermoregulatory responses of the birds, induced by the thermal
      demands of the environment.

PMID- 4027746
TI  - Neutrophil granulocyte functions in severely burned patients.
AB  - Burns wound sepsis is not only the most common but also the most severe
      complication following extensive thermal injury. One conceivable explanation of
      this problem is a reduced capacity of the polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes
      of these patients to combat the invading microbes. Fifty patients (42 male and 8
      female) with deep dermal burns, covering 20-90 per cent of the total body surface
      area, were investigated from immediately after the injury until death or until
      healing of the wounds. The following functions of the neutrophil granulocytes
      were studied: chemotaxis and random migration utilizing a modified Boyden chamber
      technique, phagocytosis of Staph. aureus and IgG-coated latex particles,
      bactericidal capacity, e.g. killing of Staph. aureus and the neutrophil
      granulocyte content of: myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, and chymotrypsin-like
      cationic protein. The presence of stimulators and inhibitors of the granulocyte
      functions was studied using gel filtration of the patient's serum on Sephacryl
      gel columns. Sera from all patients obtained within the first 1-3 days post-burn
      contained significantly increased amounts of heat-labile chemokinetic stimulating
      activity. Sera obtained between days 4 and 10 after injury contained
      significantly decreased amounts of heat-stable chemokinetic stimulating activity.
      Reduced chemokinetic activity was found during the third and fourth weeks
      following major burns (greater than or equal to 40 per cent) due to the presence
      of one or both heat-stable chemokinetic inhibitory activities. During the second
      week post-burn patients with burns larger than 40 per cent of the body surface
      area who showed an inhibition of chemotaxis, also had defects in phagocytosis,
      and often impaired bactericidal capacity concomitant with lower contents than
      normal of the granular enzymes. A hyaluronic acid preparation in low
      concentrations was found to counteract the migration inhibitory effect
      demonstrated in vitro in sera from patients with severe burns. Based upon these
      results a series of patients with severe burns and impaired functions of the
      neutrophil granulocytes have been treated with small amounts of this hyaluronic
      acid preparation subcutaneously. Very promising results have been noticed,
      similar to those found in vitro.

PMID- 4027747
TI  - Candida infection in severe burns.
AB  - Candida infection has become an important cause of morbidity and death in burned
      or immunosuppressed patients. Two patients with extensive burn complicated with
      Candida infection are presented, along with the risk factors, diagnostic
      procedures, and current methods of treatment.

PMID- 4027748
TI  - Bacteriological effect of cerium-flamazine cream in major burns.
AB  - A controlled trial of the use of either 0.05 per cent chlorhexidine for bathing
      burn wounds or the topical application of a cream containing cerium nitrate and
      silver sulphadiazine showed that the cerium-flamazine cream significantly reduced
      the degree of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination of the burn wounds of patients
      with burns covering more than 15 per cent of the body surface area. The adherent
      eschar produced by treatment with cerium-flamazine provided a satisfactory wound
      cover until tangential excision could be carried out.

PMID- 4027749
TI  - Retrospective study of reconstructive surgery of the burned hand.
AB  - During the 5 years 1979-1983 915 patients were admitted to the Rode Kruis
      Ziekenhuis, Beverwijk, for the primary treatment of burns, including 618 cases in
      which the hands were involved. Subsequently 105 patients required secondary
      surgery to 180 burned hands. This study assesses the treatment of these burned
      hands, the aim being to describe the problems of burned hands in relation to post
      burn sequelae, in general; and particularly to the reconstructive procedures
      employed, and to assess the final results.

PMID- 4027750
TI  - Early vascular grafting to prevent upper extremity necrosis after electrical
      burns. Commentary on indications for surgery.
AB  - Early vascular grafting is the only effective form of treatment for electrical
      burns of the wrist which are severe enough to impair blood flow to the hand.
      Failure to appreciate the significance of early changes in blood flow and to take
      prompt appropriate action may result in the irreversible loss of blood supply and
      subsequent amputation. This report analyses the problems encountered in six
      patients where the early signs of impaired blood flow were not appreciated and
      amputations were subsequently required.

PMID- 4027751
TI  - Acute renal failure in a burn patient: the advantages of continuous peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - An 8-year-old girl sustained 65-70 per cent body surface area burns when her
      clothes caught fire. Two weeks later, she developed acute renal failure (ARF) and
      needed dialysis therapy. The extensive, infected burn area prevented the
      establishment of a safe vascular access for haemodialysis. Continuous peritoneal
      dialysis proved to be a valid alternative form of treatment and even had
      advantages over haemodialysis. Large amounts of fluids, calories and electrolytes
      could be administered via the peritoneal route. This facilitated the treatment of
      the catabolic state of the uraemic burn patient and served to correct the
      electrolyte losses via the skin. Peritoneal dialysis is a valuable adjunct to the
      treatment of acute renal failure in burn patients who need renal replacement
      therapy.

PMID- 4027753
TI  - Epidemiology of flame burn injuries.

PMID- 4027752
TI  - Resurfacing of the severely burned hand with a radial forearm flap.
AB  - The distally based island radial forearm flap has been used successfully on three
      occasions to resurface the severely burned hand as a single-stage procedure, in
      patients unsuitable for a multi-stage operation.

PMID- 4027754
TI  - Cytokinetics of a human neuroblastoma cell line following treatment with
      dianhydrogalactitol.
AB  - Studies were carried out on the effect of dianhydrogalactitol on a human
      neuroblastoma cell line in culture. The drug was cytotoxic at concentrations of 5
      micrograms/ml and 10 micrograms/ml for 1 hour, but not at 1 microgram/ml. Flow
      cytometry of DNA showed that cell kill was preceded by a transient accumulation
      of cells in early S at 10 hours, and in late S at 36 hours. Smaller increases in
      the percent of cells in S phase were seen after treatment with 1 microgram/ml,
      without cell kill. It may be concluded that dianhydrogalactitol causes an S-phase
      block, followed by death of cells in late S at concentrations above 5
      micrograms/ml.

PMID- 4027755
TI  - Ferritin in neuroblastoma. Impact of tumor load and blood transfusions.
AB  - Serial serum ferritin (SF) levels were measured in 36 patients with neuroblastoma
      seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between January 1981 and
      December 1982. The significance of the associations among SF, stage and extent of
      disease, number of blood transfusions, liver function, serum iron (Fe), total
      iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation was investigated.
      Although a dominant statistical correlation was found between SF and number of
      blood transfusions, the results suggest that amount of disease contributes to
      increasing SF levels. Serum ferritin levels increased on average in a linear
      fashion with number of blood transfusions in patients free of disease or with
      minimal disease. In patients with bulky disease, this increase was exponential (p
      value less than 0.01). Application of a reverse hemolytic plaque assay to the
      analysis of ferritin secretion by cells demonstrates that tumor cells do secrete
      ferritin in vitro.

PMID- 4027757
TI  - [Increase in mortality in Poland in recent years].

PMID- 4027756
TI  - [Health and social justice].

PMID- 4027759
TI  - [Integration of medical strategies in a specialized department].

PMID- 4027758
TI  - [The health system in industrial countries: long-term perspectives].

PMID- 4027760
TI  - [Formal approach to the clinical decision].

PMID- 4027761
TI  - [The fundamental unit of information of the computerized medical record: the
      Standardized Medical Transaction].

PMID- 4027762
TI  - Factors affecting leak around tracheal tubes in children.
AB  - This study determined which variables affected endotracheal tube "leak" pressures
      in 80 surgical patients, two weeks to 11 years of age, intubated with uncuffed
      tracheal tubes. We defined "leak" pressure as the inspiratory pressure needed to
      cause an audible escape of gas around the endotracheal tube. "Leak" pressure was
      measured after varying either head position, tracheal tube depth within the
      trachea, fresh gas flow rate, or degree of neuromuscular block. "Leak" pressure
      increased progressively from 16.9 +/- 1.3 cmH2O with complete patient paralysis
      to 30.6 +/- 1.4 cmH2O following 100 per cent recovery of neuromuscular function.
      Turning the head from a neutral position to one side increased "leak" pressure
      from 14.7 +/- 1.7 cmH2O to 24.4 +/- 2.5 cmH2O. Varying tracheal tube depth or
      fresh gas flow rate produced no significant change in "leak" pressure. Thus,
      there may be marked variability in "leak" pressure, depending on head position
      and degree of neuromuscular blockade. Keeping the patient fully paralyzed with
      the head in a neutral position provides a reliable and consistent method for
      measuring "leak" pressures.

PMID- 4027763
TI  - Lidocaine attenuates the intraocular pressure response to rapid intubation in
      children.
AB  - To determine the effect of intravenous lidocaine on the intraocular pressure
      (IOP) response to laryngoscopy and intubation, twenty unpremedicated children,
      ages one to ten years were studied. After administration of either intravenous
      sterile water (control) (n = 10) or preservative-free lidocaine (1.5 mg X kg-1)
      (n = 10), anaesthesia was induced with pancuronium (0.15 mg X kg-1), thiopentone
      (5 mg X kg-1), and atropine (0.02 mg X kg-1), and maintained with halothane,
      nitrous oxide and oxygen. The trachea was intubated one minute after
      administration of thiopentone. IOP (measured by applanation tonometry), heart
      rate, and systolic blood pressure were measured at the time of loss of the eyelid
      reflex (time 0), immediately after endotracheal intubation, and each minute
      thereafter for five minutes. In the control group, IOP increased (27 per cent)
      significantly after intubation (p less than 0.05), whereas in the lidocaine
      group, IOP did not increase (9.8 per cent) significantly after intubation. IOP
      decreased below time 0 values within three minutes after loss of the eyelid
      reflex in the lidocaine group (p less than 0.05). At each measurement (except
      time 0), IOP was significantly greater in the control group than in the lidocaine
      group (p less than 0.05). Heart rate and systolic blood pressure did not increase
      significantly in either group after intubation. We conclude that intravenous
      lidocaine (1.5 mg X kg-1) significantly attenuates the IOP response to
      laryngoscopy and intubation in children anaesthetized with pancuronium,
      thiopentone, and atropine.

PMID- 4027765
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy.

PMID- 4027764
TI  - Plasma levels of vitamin E and lipoperoxide during paediatric anaesthesia.
AB  - We measured plasma levels of vitamin E (total tocopherol) and lipoperoxide in
      seventeen neonates (less than 10 days), twenty infants (1-12 months) and ten
      children (1-5 years) during anaesthesia. The seventeen neonates were randomly
      divided into two groups; seven who received 30 mg X kg-1 of alpha-tocopheryl
      acetate intramuscularly before anaesthesia and ten who did not. The 20 infants
      were divided into three groups: Group 1: eight infants who did not receive
      vitamin E; Group 2: six who received 30 mg X kg-1 of alpha-tocopheryl acetate
      orally for three days before anaesthesia; Group 3: six who received 30 mg X kg-1
      of alpha-tocopheryl acetate intramuscularly three hours before anaesthesia. In
      the neonates who did not receive alpha-tocopheryl acetate, plasma vitamin E and
      lipoperoxide levels were unchanged following surgery. In Group 1 infants, plasma
      vitamin E levels decreased (p less than 0.05) and plasma lipoperoxide levels
      increased (p less than 0.05). In both neonates who received vitamin E and Group 3
      infants the mean plasma vitamin E levels increased significantly (p less than
      0.05) following surgery. In Group 2 infants, the levels of plasma vitamin E
      before surgery were high, as compared to the other groups: however, plasma
      vitamin E levels decreased following surgery. In the children, the plasma vitamin
      E levels were unchanged, while the plasma lipoperoxide levels decreased
      significantly (p less than 0.05) during anaesthesia. It is suggested from our
      studies that plasma vitamin E levels decrease and plasma lipoperoxide levels
      increase during anaesthesia and surgery in infants; however, those levels are
      unchanged in neonates.

PMID- 4027766
TI  - Controversies in pain relief in anaesthesia. Calgary, Alberta, November 17, 1984.

PMID- 4027768
TI  - Bilateral hydrothorax and hydromediastinum after a subclavian line insertion.
AB  - A 28-year-old male patient developed bilateral hydrothorax due to extravasation
      of fluid into the mediastinum from a subclavian line. The injection of radio
      opaque dye through the central venous cannula confirmed spillage into the
      mediastinum. There was no direct communication between the central venous cannula
      and the pleural cavities. The hydrothorax appeared to develop as a result of a
      shift of fluid from the mediastinum into the pleural cavities due to pressure
      differences in the two compartments. Bilateral chest tubes were inserted, the
      subclavian cannula was removed and the patient made a good recovery.

PMID- 4027769
TI  - Acute epiglottitis in a 79-year-old man.
AB  - A case of acute epiglottitis in a 79-year-old man is presented describing the
      airway and anaesthetic management. Early reports of adult epiglottitis advocated
      observation or tracheostomy for airway management. Recent reports stress early
      endotracheal intubation. Unlike the paediatric age group adults may present with
      differing degrees of airway obstruction, epiglottic abscess, and with a more
      diverse set of medical problems. This can make airway management more variable
      than in children. A discussion of airway management in adult epiglottitis is
      presented.

PMID- 4027770
TI  - Caesarean section for twins in a patient with myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - The management of a patient with myotonic dystrophy undergoing Caesarean section
      for delivery of twins in breech position is reported. Anaesthetic management must
      reflect the multi-system nature of the disease in addition to the implications of
      pregnancy. Known triggers of myotonic crisis (succinylcholine, shivering) must be
      avoided. Attention to respiratory reserve is necessary in view of the restrictive
      defect this disease can impose. Cardiomyopathy and conduction system disturbances
      may be features. Upper gastrointestinal incoordination can superimpose the added
      risk of aspiration on the pregnant myotonic. Ineffective uterine contraction can
      cause vigorous post partum haemorrhage. Endocrine disturbances, especially
      diabetes mellitis, may be present. There may be increased sensitivity to sedative
      and narcotic agents. The newborn myotonic will need the expertise of neonatal
      care.

PMID- 4027771
TI  - Anisocoria after anaesthesia.
AB  - Unequal pupil size following anaesthesia is an unsettling finding, suggestive of
      acute, perioperative intracranial pathology. We report here an unusual cause of
      anisocoria after anaesthesia: unintended entrance of phenylephrine nasal
      vasoconstrictor solution into the eye.

PMID- 4027767
TI  - Anaesthetic considerations for separation of omphalo-ischiopagus tripus twins.
AB  - Anaesthesia for the separation of conjoined twins requires a multi-disciplinary
      team approach. We describe the anaesthetic management of a single-stage
      separation of 2 1/2-year-old omphalo-ischiopagus tripus conjoined twins. The
      successful 17 1/2-hour operation was conducted by five anaesthetists and 38
      surgeons and nurses. Two major problems were encountered: massive blood loss in
      both twins (requiring transfusions of more than five and seven times their blood
      volumes) and a transient decrease in core temperatures after separation.

PMID- 4027775
TI  - Chromosome banding in salmonid fish: nucleolar organizer regions in Salmo and
      Salvelinus.
AB  - Chromosome banding patterns obtained by silver staining (Ag-NORs) were analyzed
      in three species of Salmo (rainbow, brown trout, and Atlantic salmon) and three
      species of Salvelinus (brook trout, lake trout, and arctic char). In rainbow
      trout and Atlantic salmon the Ag-NORs were found at the secondary constrictions
      of a single chromosome pair, while in brown trout the Ag-NORs were found on the
      short arms of one or two of the two longest subtelocentric or acrocentric
      chromosome pairs. The location of the Ag-NORs was multichromosomal in the three
      Salvelinus species, occurring on one or both members of four to six different
      chromosome pairs in different individuals. The Ag-NOR sites were on the short
      arms of some acrocentric pairs and at the telomeres of other acrocentric pairs
      and one or two metacentric pairs. Chromomycin A3 positive bands were found at the
      same sites as the Ag-NORs in all species. In the species with multichromosomal
      location of Ag-NORs, polymorphisms in the size and location of the NORs were
      extremely common, so that almost every individual fish had a different pattern of
      Ag-NOR sites.

PMID- 4027772
TI  - Heart block after intravenous lidocaine in an infant.
AB  - A 14-day-old infant received intravenous lidocaine (2 mg X kg-1) at the
      conclusion of cataract surgery to prevent coughing from tracheal tube
      stimulation. Within 30 seconds the infant developed high-grade AV heart block and
      a ventricular rate of 40. Following brief resuscitation efforts, the patient had
      a normal cardiac rhythm, blood pressure and respiratory pattern. Intravenous
      lidocaine may be followed by major disturbances in cardiac rhythm and rate.
      Cautious titration of small doses should decrease the potential for adverse
      effects.

PMID- 4027773
TI  - A clinical sign to predict difficult tracheal intubation: a prospective study.
AB  - It has been suggested that the size of the base of the tongue is an important
      factor determining the degree of difficulty of direct laryngoscopy. A relatively
      simple grading system which involves preoperative ability to visualize the
      faucial pillars, soft palate and base of uvula was designed as a means of
      predicting the degree of difficulty in laryngeal exposure. The system was
      evaluated in 210 patients. The degree of difficulty in visualizing these three
      structures was an accurate predictor of difficulty with direct laryngoscopy (p
      less than 0.001).

PMID- 4027774
TI  - Symmetrical and asymmetrical sexual isolation among laboratory strains of
      Drosophila ananassae.
AB  - Male-choice experiments using five isofemale lines of Drosophila ananassae
      originating from different localities were performed to study sexual isolation
      within the species. In most of the crosses homogamic matings outnumber
      heterogamic ones, and deviation from randomness is statistically significant in
      11 of 20 crosses. This provides evidence for positive assortative mating within
      D. ananassae. Isolation indices range from -0.057 to 0.555. Eleven positive
      isolation indices are significantly greater than zero. Both types of sexual
      isolation, symmetrical and asymmetrical, have been observed among different
      strains. Thus the present results clearly indicate that the laboratory strains of
      D. ananassae have developed behavioural reproductive isolation as a result of
      genetic divergence.

PMID- 4027776
TI  - The meiotic and mitotic chromosomes of picture-winged Hawaiian Drosophila
      species. I. Drosophila grimshawi and D. cyrtoloma.
AB  - The mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Drosophila grimshawi and Drosophila
      cyrtoloma, species of the picture-wing group of Hawaiian Drosophilidae, are
      described. The "primitive" Drosophila karyotype of five pairs of rods and one
      pair of dots, found in grimshawi, is compared with the karyotype for cyrtoloma,
      which consists of five pairs of V-shaped and one pair of J-shaped chromosomes.
      Cytological material was prepared by an acetoorcein technique and by C-, G-, and
      N-banding methods. The rod-shaped chromosomes of grimshawi contained
      approximately 45% heterochromatin as determined by differential staining with
      Giemsa. Each chromosome of cyrtoloma consists of a euchromatic arm and a
      heterochromatic arm; the total heterochromatin of the diploid set averaged
      between 55 and 60%. These measurements approximate the amounts of satellite DNA
      reported for these two species. Prophase and metaphase figures from both meiotic
      and mitotic divisions are shown.

PMID- 4027777
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of 34 early stage bovine embryos from superovulated Hereford
      donors.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-four bovine embryos were collected from 17 superovulated
      Hereford cows and processed for metaphase chromosome spreads. Mitotic figures
      were obtained from 54 embryos (40%), but only 34 embryos (25%) provided
      analyzable chromosomes spreads. Thirty embryos were 2n = 60, one was a possible
      2n/4n mosaic and three were hypodiploid. The hypodiploid cases and the 2n/4n
      mosaic could be due to technical artifacts.

PMID- 4027779
TI  - Salmonellae and pollution indicator bacteria in municipal and food processing
      effluents and the Cornwallis River.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine the incidence of fecal coliforms, fecal
      streptococci, Aeromonas hydrophilia, and Salmonella spp. in the waste discharges
      of seven sewage treatment plants, four fruit and vegetable canneries, a meat
      packing plant, a poultry processing plant, and a potato processing plant located
      along the Cornwallis River in Nova Scotia, Canada. Surface water samples were
      also collected from 13 locations in the river to assess the impact of these waste
      discharges on the receiving water quality. The results showed that the final
      effluents from most of the sewage treatment and processing plants were of very
      poor bacteriological quality, with the number of indicator bacteria comparable
      with those found in raw sewage. Salmonellae were isolated from the effluents of
      the meat and poultry plants and five of the seven sewage treatment plants
      surveyed. No salmonellae were detected in the effluents of the fruit and
      vegetable canneries. The impact of the discharge of untreated municipal and food
      processing wastes on the Cornwallis River water quality was evidenced by the
      recovery from river water of five Salmonella serotypes, and the high fecal
      coliform counts which exceeded recommended limit for bathing and shellfish
      harvesting.

PMID- 4027780
TI  - The broken hip.

PMID- 4027778
TI  - Chemical and enzymatic variation in the cell walls of pathogenic Candida species.
AB  - Cell walls, isolated from seven pathogenic species of Candida, were lipid
      extracted and fractionated by treatment with ethylenediamine or enzymatically
      hydrolyzed using chitinase and laminarinase. Two different chitinase preparations
      were used, one from Streptomyces sp. which had some beta-1,3-glucanase activity,
      and another from Serratia marcescens which did not have glucanase activity.
      Laminarinase was a commercial preparation. The monosaccharide constituents of
      whole cell walls and the fractions derived from them were determined
      qualitatively and quantitatively by gas-liquid chromatography of the products of
      a mild acid hydrolysis and by the phenol - sulfuric acid assay of the products of
      a stronger acid hydrolysis. The monomeric constituents of the enzymatic
      hydrolyses were analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography. Approximately 50% of
      all walls was soluble in ethylenediamine. Glucose and mannose were the only
      monosaccharides found in all of the fractions derived from ethylenediamine
      extraction examined. Similarities among the strains, based upon relative amounts
      of glucose and mannose, were more apparent than differences, but statistical
      analyses of the data revealed a general trend of decreasing similarity in the
      following order, C. albicans and C. stellatoidea, C. tropicalis and C.
      parapsilosis, and C. pseudotropicalis, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei. In the
      enzymatic assays, mannose and glucose were released by laminarinase, whereas
      glucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine alone were released
      by the chitinases. These assays supported the trend in relationships cited above,
      with the data being somewhat more definitive.

PMID- 4027781
TI  - Penile dressing after hypospadias surgery.

PMID- 4027782
TI  - Hip pinning, past and present: Richards' compression-screw fixation versus
      Ender's nailing.
AB  - The authors trace the operative treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures from
      the earliest to the most modern methods and describe how current fixation devices
      evolved. The operative and perioperative morbidity, mortality and outcome in 57
      patients treated by Ender's nailing were compared with those of 51 patients
      treated by Richards' compression-screw fixation. Results were comparable to those
      found in an extensive review of the literature except for a higher mortality in
      the group managed by Ender's nailing. The authors conclude that both methods of
      treatment are acceptable and that the ultimate choice of fixation device should
      be based on the surgeon's experience tailored to the individual patient's needs.

PMID- 4027783
TI  - Fate of claudicants after femoropopliteal vein bypass: prospective, long-term
      follow-up of 100 patients.
AB  - Femoropopliteal bypass grafting for claudication is a controversial procedure.
      One hundred consecutive patients so treated were analysed for vein-graft patency,
      subsequent operation and survival. Initial success, treatment of incipient graft
      failure and attrition from death were the three critical factors influencing long
      term benefit. Cumulative graft patency, after revision when necessary, was 89%,
      86% and 78% at 2, 5 and 10 years respectively. In assessing the real benefit of
      surgery in this group, it is important to consider the effect of late deaths, as
      the life expectancy of these patients is so often shortened by related disease;
      the "cumulative palliation" (patient alive and graft patent) was 82%, 67% and 28%
      at the same time intervals. The concept of cumulative palliation sets a high
      standard in assessing results of vascular surgery, adding important information
      to the usual graft patency rates that ignore the effect of death. These results
      suggest a place for femoropopliteal vein bypass grafting in selected claudicants.

PMID- 4027786
TI  - Current use of sphincter-saving excision in the radical treatment of rectal
      cancer.
AB  - The author examines the recent increased use of sphincter-saving forms of
      excision to treat carcinomas of the middle third and upper part of the lower
      third of the rectum. This trend has been due chiefly to technical innovations-
      especially the introduction of the circular stapler, which has extended the
      downward reach of low anterior resection--and the willingness to accept a distal
      margin of clearance in resections of 2.0 to 2.5 cm instead of 4 to 5 cm.
      Published data show that these innovations are associated with a low operative
      mortality and that satisfactory anorectal function can be retained. Insufficient
      length of follow-up, however, has made it impossible so far to calculate valid
      long-term survival rates and the high incidence of local recurrence in some
      reports has been disturbing.

PMID- 4027784
TI  - Statistical prediction of cardiac risk in patients who undergo vascular surgery.
AB  - Since August 1982, an extensive computerized data base has been developed on all
      patients admitted to the Division of Vascular Surgery at the Ottawa Civic
      Hospital. For each patient, 180 variables are recorded, including information
      about preoperative risk factors and postoperative complications. Since cardiac
      complications are a major cause of mortality and morbidity, the data file has
      been used to study postoperative cardiac complications in patients who undergo
      arterial reconstructive operations. Between August 1982 and December 1983, 353
      artery repairs were performed, excluding ruptured aneurysms. Cardiac
      complications developed following surgery in 56 patients. Risk factors were
      initially studied using contingency table analysis. Four of these factors were
      found to be significant: electrocardiographic evidence of previous myocardial
      infarction (p = 0.0003), nonspecific ST-segment changes (p = 0.0007), New York
      Heart Association classification of symptoms (p = 0.0003) and age (p = 0.01). A
      further statistical study was based upon multiple logistic regression. The
      authors believe that the identification of a high-risk group, using these
      criteria, is helpful in selecting patients for intensive preoperative
      investigation, including coronary arteriography.

PMID- 4027785
TI  - Intraoperative bacterial contamination of vascular grafts: a prospective study.
AB  - The establishment of graft infection depends on host response, an appropriate
      field and bacterial contamination. Intraoperative bacterial contamination of
      prosthetic graft material was studied prospectively in 77 patients. Vascular
      reconstruction was indicated for abdominal aortic aneurysm (15%), claudication
      (42%), rest pain (25%) and ulceration or gangrene (18%). In 78% of cases the
      procedure was elective. Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated in 80% of
      cultures; mixed flora were more frequent in patients with rest pain (60%) and
      ulceration or gangrene (45%) than in those with aneurysms (22%) or claudication
      (16%). Grafts became contaminated in 56% of cases using standard techniques; this
      was lowered to 35% when the surgeon changed gloves before preclotting the graft.
      There was no significant difference with respect to the surgeon who performed the
      operation, the indication for operation, primary versus secondary repair or the
      use of skin barriers. One patient (1.3%) had an established graft infection. It
      is concluded that the incidence of contamination is high but may be decreased by
      glove changing.

PMID- 4027787
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
AB  - The current status of adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer is reviewed using
      examples from selected, recently completed, randomized, prospective, clinical
      trials. Although adjuvant systemic therapy is of limited therapeutic efficacy in
      cancer of the colon, there have been examples of beneficial effects in specific
      patient subsets. The rationale and current status of adjuvant portal vein hepatic
      perfusion suggest that it represents a potentially promising approach that must
      be evaluated in a large prospective randomized study. Finally, the value of
      adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for carcinoma of the rectum is assessed.
      Although one study has demonstrated increased disease-free survival for patients
      receiving a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the small numbers in
      the study preclude any definitive conclusions. The current National Surgical
      Adjuvant Breast Project, rectal protocol R-01, the largest rectal cancer study
      with a concomitant "untreated" control, is reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 4027788
TI  - What is appropriate follow-up for the patient with colorectal cancer?
AB  - Overall recurrence rates after curative resection for colorectal cancer average
      30%. The value of intensive follow-up protocols is assessed from a review of the
      literature, which reveals that recurrent colorectal cancer can be detected at an
      earlier stage (average 3 months) and that repeat resection rates for cure can be
      increased (twofold or more) by intensive follow-up. Despite this, no improvement
      in survival has been documented. As nonsurgical modalities of therapy for
      recurrence become further refined, earlier detection of recurrent tumour will
      become increasingly important. An intensive follow-up regimen is therefore
      proposed, based on a knowledge of the patterns and timing of recurrence, the
      relative merits of the investigational modalities available and the assumption
      that at some point earliest detection and subsequent therapy will improve
      survival.

PMID- 4027789
TI  - Percutaneous removal of upper urinary tract calculi: experience with ultrasonic
      lithotripsy.
AB  - From October 1983 to March 1985, the authors removed upper urinary tract calculi
      percutaneously in 102 patients. In 89 patients, stones required disruption with
      an ultrasonic lithotriptor before removal. Fifty-two patients had a stone in the
      renal pelvis and 20 had calyceal stones only; 21 had stones at both sites and 9
      had a stone in the upper ureter. Complete removal of all stone material was
      achieved in 67 of 68 patients with a solitary calculus, in 13 of 26 with multiple
      calculi and in 6 of 8 with ureteric calculi. Complications were minimal; three
      patients had pulmonary edema postoperatively as a result of excessive absorption
      of irrigating fluid, and one patient sustained a perforation of the descending
      colon. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.8 days and patients were able
      to return to work a few days after their discharge from hospital. Percutaneous
      stone removal is a safe and effective procedure and is the surgical procedure of
      choice for the removal of upper urinary tract calculi.

PMID- 4027790
TI  - Pseudomembranous colitis and wound infection following perioperative use of
      multiple antibiotics.
AB  - The prophylactic use of antibiotics in elective surgery of the colon is accepted
      practice, but it has inherent risks. The authors report the case of a 70-year-old
      woman who had wound infection and severe, relapsing pseudomembranous colitis due
      to Clostridium difficile after a short course of antibiotics given orally and
      parenterally at the time of elective resection of the colon. Perioperatively, she
      received erythromycin base and neomycin orally, plus netilmicin and metronidazole
      intravenously. Although the concomitant administration of parenteral antibiotics
      may enhance the benefit of antibiotics given orally before operation, this does
      not entirely prevent wound infection. Until the relation between the number of
      drugs and risk of antibiotic-associated colitis is more clearly defined, caution
      should be exercised in the use of multiple antibiotics in elective colonic
      surgery.

PMID- 4027791
TI  - Simplified insertion of the Port-A-Cath implantable drug-delivery system.
AB  - The increasing frequency with which antineoplastic drugs are being used demands
      improved vascular access for their administration. Venous access through
      implantable catheters facilitates treatment when veins are no longer available.
      Totally implantable catheters of the Port-A-Cath type are preferred because they
      give better performance and cosmetic results, and are more convenient for the
      patients. The flexibility of these catheters makes their introduction difficult.
      The author describes a simplified technique, using a commercially available
      introducer that has been used satisfactorily in thousands of pacemaker
      implantations. The author has used this technique routinely with a 50% decrease
      in operative and fluoroscopy time and without complications.

PMID- 4027792
TI  - Preoperative Gelfoam embolization of supratentorial meningiomas.
AB  - Intracranial meningiomas are often highly vascular and a successful outcome
      depends upon surgical resection. Preoperative embolization of supratentorial
      meningiomas, which have a major blood supply from the external carotid artery,
      has been advocated to reduce intraoperative bleeding and thus facilitate surgical
      extirpation. The authors carried out transfemoral, Gelfoam embolization
      preoperatively in eight patients with supratentorial meningiomas. In seven of the
      cases, post-embolization, contrast-enhanced, computerized tomography was carried
      out. Areas of low-density tumour necrosis were identified in five. In three of
      the eight patients, post-embolization angiography demonstrated elimination of the
      tumour blush and in the other five, the blush was reduced in intensity.
      Histologic evidence of tumour embolization was identified in each case to a
      varying degree. Preoperative embolization resulted in an identifiable radiologic
      change in the majority of these tumours, but the authors could not determine, in
      this small series, whether intraoperative bleeding was reduced.

PMID- 4027793
TI  - Benign cystic teratoma of the ovary: a 6-year review.
AB  - Benign cystic teratoma of the ovary was diagnosed histologically in 118 patients
      over 6 years at the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital in Montreal.
      The charts were reviewed with respect to population distribution, symptomatology,
      diagnostic procedures and treatment. Of the 118 patients, 85.6% were younger than
      40 years. Only 3.4% had documented recurrence and 6.8% were pregnant.
      Roentgenograms of the pelvis revealed calcification in 64.1% of cases.
      Ultrasonography of the pelvis failed to make the diagnosis in 19.4%. The majority
      of patients had a Pfannenstiel incision (78.8%) and underwent oophorectomy
      (55.3%). In half the patients the contralateral ovary was only palpated.

PMID- 4027794
TI  - Empyema: analysis of treatment techniques.
AB  - Empyema is associated with a high mortality. To study the factors responsible for
      the failure of treatment, the authors reviewed 90 cases of nontuberculous
      thoracic empyema seen at the University of Western Ontario in London, between
      1970 and 1980. The most common causes of empyema were bronchopulmonary infections
      (63%), complications of pulmonary surgery (14%) and secondary infections of
      hydrothoraces or hemothoraces (13%). In 51 patients (57%) the condition was
      acquired in hospital or was related to previous medical therapy. Nine cases were
      recognized only at autopsy. The treatment of empyema was assessed in 81 patients,
      who received an average of 2.2 antibiotics during the course of treatment. Five
      patients received antibiotics as the only therapy; one died. Seventy-two patients
      were treated by surgical drainage; 35 (49%) were cured and 18 (25%) subsequently
      died. Twelve of 18 decortication procedures were successful including 4 performed
      as a primary procedure and 8 as a secondary procedure. Five of seven patients who
      underwent thoracoplasty were cured. The overall mortality in the series was 23%.
      Prevention and early recognition of empyema may reduce the mortality. Patients
      who do not improve promptly with surgical drainage may benefit from early
      decortication.

PMID- 4027795
TI  - Campylobacter and endovascular lesions.
AB  - Because of the gaps in our knowledge of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of
      Campylobacter infections, particularly the propensity of Campylobacter fetus ssp
      fetus to infect vascular endothelium, the authors describe the case of a 56-year
      old woman with C. fetus ssp fetus infection of an aortic aneurysm. She recovered
      after a one-stage surgical repair and antibiotic therapy with erythromycin. The
      organism was cultured from samples of the stool and tissue obtained at operation.
      It was identified from its typical characteristics: morphology, microaerophilic,
      able to grow at 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C but not at 42 degrees C, catalase
      and oxidase positive and resistant to nalidixic acid but susceptible to
      cephalothin.

PMID- 4027796
TI  - Why case reports?

PMID- 4027798
TI  - Wife-beating: how to handle the assailant.

PMID- 4027797
TI  - "Do not resuscitate".

PMID- 4027799
TI  - Prevention of alcohol withdrawal seizures.

PMID- 4027800
TI  - Fragile X: a symptom of the disease?

PMID- 4027801
TI  - Deaths caused by faulty cribs.

PMID- 4027802
TI  - Radiation oncology in Canada.

PMID- 4027803
TI  - Language and survival.

PMID- 4027806
TI  - Medical education reduces inappropriate use of cimetidine in a teaching hospital.
AB  - Before and after an education program to improve appropriate prescribing of
      cimetidine in an 810-bed teaching hospital, all new prescriptions written during
      a 4-week period were investigated, and information was obtained as to the
      indications for use, the dosage and concurrent drug therapy. The prescriptions
      were judged appropriate or inappropriate according to indications for cimetidine
      approved by the Department of National Health and Welfare's Health Protection
      Branch. After the program 63% of the prescriptions were deemed appropriate,
      compared with 40% before the program. The proportion of patients at risk of drug
      interactions, however, remained virtually unchanged. The results suggest that
      medical education can reduce the inappropriate use of cimetidine in teaching
      hospitals.

PMID- 4027804
TI  - Musculoskeletal chest wall pain.
AB  - The musculoskeletal structures of the thoracic wall and the neck are a relatively
      common source of chest pain. Pain arising from these structures is often mistaken
      for angina pectoris, pleurisy or other serious disorders. In this article the
      clinical features, pathogenesis and management of the various musculoskeletal
      chest wall disorders are discussed. The more common causes are costochondritis,
      traumatic muscle pain, trauma to the chest wall, "fibrositis" syndrome, referred
      pain, psychogenic regional pain syndrome, and arthritis involving articulations
      of the sternum, ribs and thoracic spine. Careful analysis of the history,
      physical findings and results of investigation is essential for precise diagnosis
      and effective treatment.

PMID- 4027805
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning.
AB  - Carbon monoxide poisoning is a significant cause of illness and death. Its
      protean symptoms probably lead to a gross underestimation of its true incidence.
      Low levels of carbon monoxide aggravate chronic cardiopulmonary problems, and
      high levels are associated with cardiac arrhythmias and cerebral edema. Patients
      who survive acute poisoning are at risk of delayed neurologic sequelae. The
      measurement of carboxyhemoglobin levels does not reveal the tissue levels of
      carbon monoxide but is useful in determining therapy. Treatment includes the
      monitoring and management of cardiac arrhythmias and oxygenation. Hyperbaric
      oxygenation is beneficial, but there are currently no definite criteria for its
      use.

PMID- 4027807
TI  - Eye injuries associated with war games.
AB  - War games, an outdoor activity combining recreation, military maneuvers and
      fantasy, are becoming a popular recreational sport. Increasing numbers of players
      are suffering eye injuries. In the last year 26 cases of serious eye injuries
      were reported to Canadian ophthalmologists; in 15 eyes vision was reduced to 6/24
      or less. Although eyeguards are provided, all the injuries had occurred when the
      participants were not wearing them. Methods of preventing eye injuries in war
      games are discussed.

PMID- 4027808
TI  - Correlation between clinical and autopsy diagnoses in a community hospital.
AB  - Forty-six consecutive autopsies performed in 1 year on patients who died in a 120
      bed urban community hospital were analysed with respect to clinical-pathological
      correlation. The mean age of the patients was 71 years. Errors in clinical
      diagnosis were assigned to one of four classes: class I, a missed major
      diagnosis, the detection of which before death would probably have changed
      management and resulted in longer survival or possible cure; class II, a major
      missed diagnosis that, if detected before death, would probably not have altered
      management; and classes III and IV, minor missed diagnoses. Six (13%) class I and
      10 (22%) class II errors were found, as well as a number of class III and IV
      errors. Suggestions are made regarding the use of such data in audit procedures.

PMID- 4027809
TI  - Sudden death associated with compression of pulmonary arteries in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4027810
TI  - Restless leg syndrome relieved by cessation of smoking.

PMID- 4027811
TI  - Psychosis due to transdermally administered scopolamine.

PMID- 4027812
TI  - Diarrhea update.

PMID- 4027813
TI  - Outbreak of Shigella flexneri 1 infection in British Columbia.

PMID- 4027814
TI  - Oral contraceptives, 1985: a synopsis.

PMID- 4027815
TI  - Health care in Uganda: restoring a shattered system.

PMID- 4027816
TI  - American family physicians battle HMOs.

PMID- 4027817
TI  - Medicine versus crime.

PMID- 4027818
TI  - Dr. Lucid's word rounds: introducing IMRAD.

PMID- 4027819
TI  - CMA policy summary on smoking and health.

PMID- 4027820
TI  - Drug management of cancer pain.

PMID- 4027821
TI  - Possible origin of human AIDS.

PMID- 4027822
TI  - Limited-protein diet in chronic renal disease.

PMID- 4027823
TI  - Graduates of foreign medical schools: false hope.

PMID- 4027825
TI  - Restraints and the elderly.

PMID- 4027824
TI  - Danger of three-wheeled recreational vehicles.

PMID- 4027826
TI  - "The Silent Scream": setting the record straight.

PMID- 4027827
TI  - Sex ratio of offspring of patients with prostatic cancer.
AB  - We have examined the fertility of 354 patients with prostatic cancer and 597
      controls who had married at least once and formed part of a population-based case
      control study in Alberta. Considering offspring of both sexes, the mean fertility
      of the patients was 3.17, not significantly different from the mean of 3.11 for
      the controls. However, the sex ratios were significantly different, 56.5% of the
      patients' offspring being sons, compared with 50.1% of the controls' offspring.
      The difference in sex ratio persisted after adjustment for ethnic group, level of
      education and age at first marriage, which were found to be risk factors for
      prostatic cancer.

PMID- 4027828
TI  - Chronic glossopharyngeal neuralgic pain associated with mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

PMID- 4027829
TI  - Congenital rubella syndrome in Nova Scotia.

PMID- 4027831
TI  - Beyond health care: proceedings of a conference on healthy public policy.

PMID- 4027830
TI  - Trends in the study of medicine in Canada.

PMID- 4027832
TI  - Towards a healthy world.

PMID- 4027833
TI  - Person, society and planet: the changing context for health.

PMID- 4027834
TI  - Beyond Lalonde-creating health.

PMID- 4027835
TI  - Healthy people.

PMID- 4027836
TI  - Education for life-long learning.

PMID- 4027838
TI  - Health and empowerment.

PMID- 4027837
TI  - Families and health.

PMID- 4027840
TI  - Public policies for healthy work-places.

PMID- 4027839
TI  - Developing human potential--an awakening process.

PMID- 4027841
TI  - Work and health: the changing context and changing roles.

PMID- 4027842
TI  - Health promoting work.

PMID- 4027844
TI  - Unemployment and the social contact.

PMID- 4027843
TI  - Managing technological change in the workplace.

PMID- 4027845
TI  - A healthy public policy for healthy communities.

PMID- 4027846
TI  - The environment we create.

PMID- 4027847
TI  - Community support networks: current issues.

PMID- 4027849
TI  - Care in the community.

PMID- 4027848
TI  - Housing and the community.

PMID- 4027850
TI  - Healthy nations: creating a new ecology of public policy for health.

PMID- 4027851
TI  - Health, food, water and agriculture.

PMID- 4027852
TI  - Beyond health care: from public health policy to healthy public policy.

PMID- 4027853
TI  - Economic policy--as if people mattered: towards health-promoting economic policy.

PMID- 4027854
TI  - Health implications of new information technologies.

PMID- 4027855
TI  - Symposium: gender and schizophrenia.

PMID- 4027856
TI  - The insanity defence.
AB  - The recent A.P.A. Statement on the Insanity Defence is a document important to
      all psychiatrists and medicolegal professionals in North America. Its contents
      are reviewed and contrasted with current Canadian practice on the insanity
      defence, as well as the proposals of the Mental Disorder Project of the Canadian
      Department of Justice. The American Psychiatric Association's proposal on the
      definition of mental disorder is contrasted with the current practice. It is also
      suggested that the proposal of the Mental Disorder Project to change the
      disposition of insanity acquittees will lead to difficulties similar to those
      which provoked the current crisis in the United States.

PMID- 4027857
TI  - Psychopathology in the offspring of parents with bipolar affective disorders.
AB  - Thirty-nine children from intact families with a manic-depressive parent were
      evaluated by a semi-structured clinical interview and a number of rating scales
      for the presence or absence of psychopathology. This sample represents a larger
      one than in an earlier study, which showed minimal offspring psychopathology
      compared with reports of other investigators. The current study also examines the
      inter-relationships between the presence or absence of offspring psychopathology
      with both genetic loading and a number of psychosocial variables including
      measures of parental marital adjustment, severity and chronicity of proband
      parent illness and early exposure of children to parental illness. Nine of the
      thirty-nine children, (23%) received a positive DSM-III diagnosis, with
      depression of the dysthymic type being the most common. There was no significant
      correlation between genetic loading and offspring psychopathology. However, there
      were significant associations between children with psychopathology and paternal
      marital dissatisfaction and the age and chronicity of illness of the proband
      parent as compared with the children with no psychopathology.

PMID- 4027858
TI  - Evaluating attitudes of child psychiatry residents to psychotropic medication:
      implications for training.
AB  - The attitudes of child psychiatry residents toward the use of psychotropic
      medication in child psychiatric practice were studied. Eighteen residents
      underwent a semistructured interview that covered their experience in child
      psychiatry, beliefs about etiology of child psychopathology, preferences for
      treatment, attitude toward and experience with drugs in treating childhood
      disturbances. The residents favored a psychosocial view of the etiology of child
      disturbance and preferred family therapy to other forms of treatment. Six had
      never treated a child with medication and most were uncertain about indications
      for drug use and felt they had less than average or poor skills in this area.
      Seven residents, who did not attend department psychopharmacology seminars and
      had little clinical experience with drugs, had a strong antipathy toward their
      use. Experience with and attitude toward drug use could not be predicted from the
      residents' appraisal of their own competence in this field, their experience in
      child psychiatry, their appreciation of the biological contributions to child
      psychopathology, or their future practice plans.

PMID- 4027859
TI  - The classification of personality disorder: I. The choice of category concept.
AB  - Some common clinical statements about patients with personality disorder are
      examined for their implications in the choice of category concepts for
      classifying personality. Clinicians seem to assume that personality categories
      are imprecise and that membership is probabilistic. These assumptions run counter
      to those of current classifications. The fact that most cases of personality
      disorder show features of more than condition creates difficulties for
      categorical systems. Dimensional systems are frequently proposed as a solution to
      this problem. Such an approach is rejected at the present time since there is no
      consensus regarding basic dimensions. Polythetic and prototypic categories are
      examined as alternatives. It is suggested that prototypic categorization provides
      an approach that is more in accord with clinical judgement. This approach, based
      upon Wittgenstein's concept of family resemblances, is better able to accommodate
      the imprecise or fuzzy nature of personality categories, although it does require
      some modification to the way categories are defined, and to the way diagnostic
      reliability is assessed.

PMID- 4027860
TI  - The classification of personality disorder: II. The problem of diagnostic
      criteria.
AB  - Although operational definitions have led to improved reliability of psychiatric
      diagnoses generally, this is not the case for personality disorders. It is
      suggested that this is due to a failure to develop definitions composed of
      criteria that can be reliably identified. Instead, extensive use is made of
      traits and other dispositions as criteria for assessing these conditions despite
      an extensive literature indicating that trait judgements are unreliable. The
      reasons for the low reliability of trait judgements are discussed, and the use of
      behavioral criteria is advocated as one way to increase diagnostic reliability.
      The results of a preliminary investigation show that the reliabilities of
      clinicians' judgements of the behaviors associated with Schizoid, Histrionic, and
      Compulsive Personality Disorders are comparable to the reliabilities of their
      judgements of the traits associated with these conditions. These results support
      the feasibility of developing behavioral criteria for assessing personality.

PMID- 4027861
TI  - ECT in an acutely psychotic pregnant woman with actively aggressive (homicidal)
      impulses.
AB  - The specific use of ECT to control homicidal impulses in a pregnant, acutely
      psychotic schizophrenic patient is described, with no adverse effects to the
      mother or the baby. Besides the relative safety of the procedure during
      pregnancy, the need for monitoring foetal effects is stressed. Although
      literature is abundant on various aspects of ECT (1-3) there has been little
      written on its use in pregnancy (4-6) for its value in treating severe depressive
      illness or certain types of schizophrenia; without adverse effect to the mother
      and the baby, and where there is a risk-benefit advantage to its use. Nineteen
      hundred and eighty-four marked 50 years in the history of the use of convulsive
      therapy (Metrazol) since its introduction into the realm of psychiatry by the
      Hungarian psychiatrist, Ladislas Meduna. Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) has
      been the subject of much controversy among the lay public and some professionals
      alike in recent years, even though it is generally considered to be one of the
      most effective treatments available in psychiatry. The Canadian Psychiatric
      Association (7), the American Psychiatric Association (8), and the Royal College
      of Psychiatrists (U.K.) (9) have made their position clear on the issue. In a
      recent Canadian survey of the use of ECT, Smith concluded, "Some of the reported
      rates are below the predicted minimum levels" indicating that "certain patients
      have been deprived of the most effective treatment available" (10).

PMID- 4027862
TI  - Desipramine-induced delirium at "subtherapeutic" concentrations: a case report.
AB  - An elderly patient treated with low dose Desipramine developed a delirium while
      her plasma level was in the "subtherapeutic" range. Delirium, which may be
      induced by tricyclic drug therapy in the elderly, can be caused by tricyclics
      with low anticholinergic potency. Therapeutic ranges for antidepressants that
      have been derived from general adult population studies may not be appropriate
      for the elderly. Further studies of specifically elderly patients are now
      required to establish safer and more appropriate guidelines for drug therapy.

PMID- 4027863
TI  - Is there an obsessive psychosis? Aetiological and prognostic factors of an
      atypical form of obsessive-compulsive neurosis.
AB  - The study explores whether an atypical form of obsessional illness can be
      delineated and separated from the conventional form of obsessive-compulsive
      neurosis (OCN). From a group of 45 obsessive patients, 8 were selected on the
      basis of 3 criteria: presence of a severely debilitating main obsessive symptom;
      bordering on the delusional; no schizophrenic symptoms. Assessment and outcome
      measures included the Psychiatric Questionnaire, the Leyton Obsessional
      Inventory, Fear Survey Schedule, and IPAT Self-Analysis Form. Self-assessment
      forms allowed patients to make social adjustment and neurotic symptom ratings. In
      a multimodal approach, patients were assigned to behavioural and pharmacological
      treatments on the basis of severity. Reassessment took place after 50 sessions of
      therapy. Results of analysis of variance statistics indicated that the atypical
      group had a more malignant form of illness, with more varied and severe
      obsessions. A poorer prognosis for the atypical group was indicated by: greater
      social maladjustment, poor employment records, illness of longer duration showing
      no remissions despite more courses of treatment, and poor response to treatment
      throughout. The atypical group manifested fewer characteristic features of OCN
      (example: fewer precipitating events). On the other hand, schizophrenia was not
      imputed, although delusion-like experiences in the atypical group suggest a
      psychotic form of illness. The term "obsessive psychosis" suggested by Strauss
      and recently investigated by Weiss et al and Robinson et al is proposed for our
      atypical group. Results are compared with those of other investigators. It is
      concluded that the delineation of a subgroup of obsessional illness is desirable
      for research and therapy since a form of atypical obsessional illness or
      obsessive psychosis can be differentiated on aetiological, phenomenological and
      prognostic factors.

PMID- 4027864
TI  - Patterns of relapse in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients who
      achieved complete remission after combined modality therapy.
AB  - Relapse patterns in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer who
      achieved complete remission were evaluated. After combined modality therapy with
      induction chemotherapy followed by surgery and/or radiotherapy, 71 of 103
      patients were clinically free of disease. The 5-year recurrence rate was
      estimated at 51%, with a 39% local and 26% distant failure rate by 5 years. The
      factors significantly affecting the relapse patterns were: the site of the
      primary tumor (those with oral cavity lesions were more likely to fail locally,
      whereas hypopharynx patients had a higher risk of distant metastases); the type
      of definitive local treatment (those patients who received surgery and
      radiotherapy were at lower risk of pure local failure); TN Stage (patients with
      T4N3 or T3N3 tumor were at higher risk of both local and distant failure); and
      time to response and presence of oropharyngeal lesions (patients who had a longer
      period from diagnosis to final complete response [CR] and patients with
      oropharyngeal primaries were at higher risk for simultaneous local and distant
      failure). Type of chemotherapy, patient age, tumor differentiation, and response
      to induction chemotherapy did not significantly influence the patterns of
      relapse. A combined modality approach with induction chemotherapy, surgery,
      and/or radiotherapy does not seem to reduce the incidence of distant metastases
      significantly.

PMID- 4027865
TI  - A therapeutic approach to primary adenocarcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - Retrospective study of 97 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the uterine
      cervix was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of two treatment methods,
      radiation alone and radiation plus surgery. Of 31 Stage I patients, 16 were
      treated with radiation alone and 15 with combined radiation plus surgery. There
      was no difference in 5-year disease-free survival of Stage I patients treated by
      either method. Of 44 Stage II patients, 30 were treated with radiation alone with
      54% survival rate; while 14 were treated with a combined approach, with 86%
      survival rate. It is apparent from the results of this study that surgery in
      conjunction with radiation showed a significant improved survival rate from 54%
      to 86% in Stage II disease. Factors influencing the prognosis appear to be tumor
      volume, uterine size, and tumor grade. Furthermore, these data suggest that early
      primary adenocarcinoma of the cervix (Stage I, lesion smaller than 4 cm) can be
      treated effectively by radiation alone or radical hysterectomy with comparable
      results. Tumors larger than 4 cm, Stage II or beyond disease, uterine
      enlargement, a high-grade tumor or barrel-shaped lesion, would necessitate a
      combined therapy to improve the cure rate.

PMID- 4027866
TI  - Results of irradiation in the treatment of locoregional breast cancer recurrence.
AB  - A retrospective review is presented of 255 patients with chest wall and/or
      regional nodal recurrent breast cancer treated between January 1956 through
      December 1981 at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital; 61 patients had
      such massive or diffuse disease that only palliative irradiation was given, and
      194 patients were treated with curative intent and form the basis of this report.
      All patients treated with radical irradiation received greater than or equal to
      4500 rad, and 65% of the patients received boost therapy through reduced fields.
      Thirty-two percent of patients were treated only to a single recurrent site, 11%
      of two sites, and 57% to the chest wall and regional nodes. Failure to control
      recurrent disease within or on the border of the irradiated field occurred in 27%
      of patients. Of 62 patients treated to the local recurrence site, 27% had further
      recurrences in adjacent unirradiated sites. The patients with the greatest
      success for tumor control (78%) and survival at 5 years (48% disease-free) are
      those patients with histologically negative nodes at time of mastectomy and a
      single chest wall recurrence. Possible prognostic factors are discussed: initial
      clinical stage, age of the patient, axillary histology at the time of mastectomy,
      disease-free interval between mastectomy and recurrence, number and size of
      recurrences, and prior chest wall recurrence.

PMID- 4027867
TI  - Iridium afterloading curietherapy in the treatment of pediatric malignancies. The
      Institut Gustave Roussy experience.
AB  - Between 1972 and 1980, 58 children with malignant tumors underwent iridium 192
      (192Ir) curietherapy at the Institut Gustave Roussy. Data from only 45 of them
      were reviewed (bilateral retinoblastoma and salvage procedures were excluded).
      The pathologic diagnosis was rhabdomyosarcoma in 75% of cases, yolk sac tumor in
      13% of cases, malignant mesenchymoma in two cases, clear cell carcinoma in two
      cases, and undifferentiated sarcoma in one case. The two major sites were pelvis
      perineum (64.5%) and head and neck (31%). The treatment was essentially based on
      a combination of chemotherapy, which was adapted to the histologic type of the
      tumor, and curietherapy. Partial surgery was carried out in certain cases, either
      before chemotherapy for diagnostic purposes, or after chemotherapy to remove
      infiltrative residual tumor. External beam radiotherapy was used in a few cases
      in lymph node irradiation. The radioactive material was 192Ir, using afterloading
      techniques, either intracavitary or interstitially or both. The tumor dose,
      calculated by computerized dosimetry, was 60 to 65 Gy delivered over 5 to 7 days
      in the majority of cases. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Thirty-five
      patients (78%) are alive with no evidence of disease after a mean follow-up
      period of 5 years. Eight patients died, one of complications related to
      chemotherapy and seven of the evolution of their disease. The late-complication
      rate, studied in 33 patients with a minimum follow-up period of 3 years, is 18%
      (6/33). Curietherapy seems to be a preferable conservative treatment in children
      with localized and accessible malignant tumors.

PMID- 4027868
TI  - Wolfe mammographic parenchymal patterns. A study of the masking hypothesis of
      Egan and Mosteller.
AB  - Wolfe defined four different classes of breast parenchymal patterns and claimed
      that they were associated with different risks for the subsequent development of
      breast cancer. Egan and Mosteller suggested that these patterns did not
      constitute a true risk factor, rather the effect was caused by the greater
      difficulty of detecting breast cancers in the dense (P2, DY) patterns compared
      with the fatty (N1, P1) patterns. Similarly, Mendell believed that a bias was
      introduced into Wolfe's work by requiring a negative mammogram before a patient
      entered the study. This study of 221 prevalent and 706 incident cancers followed
      for up to 10 years indicates that a masking effect does exist, but that it
      operates in addition to a difference in risk of breast cancer within the four
      Wolfe classes. Wolfe's hypothesis is found to be valid.

PMID- 4027869
TI  - Human interferon alpha in malignant lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Results of
      the American Cancer Society trial.
AB  - Forty-nine patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease were entered
      into a multi-institutional phase II trial to evaluate the antitumor activity of
      human interferon alpha, prepared from buffy coats. Interferon alpha was
      administered intramuscularly in doses of 1 X 10(6) u, 3 X 10(6) u or 9 X 10(6) u
      daily for 30 days. Objective partial responses were seen in 3 of 18 patients with
      nodular lymphoma, all at the 9 X 10(6) u dose. Interferon alpha was not observed
      to be of therapeutic benefit in the other subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or
      Hodgkin's disease. The major toxicities consisted of fatigue, fever, myalgias and
      weight loss. Serum interferon levels obtained 3 to 4 hours after injection varied
      widely, even among patients treated at the same dose level. Despite the
      relatively low doses of interferon used and the brief period of administration,
      this study extends the earlier observations of the antitumor effect of interferon
      in nodular lymphoma. These results are discussed in relation to the cumulative
      experience in human lymphoma using alpha interferons induced in human leukocytes
      and those produced in bacteria by recombinant DNA techniques.

PMID- 4027870
TI  - Aziridinylbenzoquinone in recurrent, progressive glioma of the central nervous
      system. A Phase II study by the Illinois Cancer Council.
AB  - Aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ) was studied in a Phase II protocol for persons with
      glioma of the central nervous system (CNS) recurrent or progressive after surgery
      and radiotherapy. Patients received AZQ, 30 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks if
      previously untreated or 27.5 mg/m2 if previously exposed to cytotoxic drugs.
      Partial response was defined as a reduction of at least 50% reduction in the
      product of the two longest perpendicular diameters of the indicator lesion
      persisting for a minimum of 28 days. Twenty-eight patients are evaluable for
      response at this time. Objective response (OR) occurred in four (14.3%): two
      complete and two partial. Stabilization of disease (SD) was seen in 7 (25.0%).
      Median survival, in weeks, was greater than 46.0 for responders, 41.7 for SD, and
      19.3 for those with progressive disease. The survival experiences are
      significantly different (P = 0.030 [Breslow]). The OR rate was 21.1% in 19
      without prior chemotherapy and 0% in 9 previously treated patients. There were
      two AZQ-related deaths in patients with prior exposure to nitrosoureas (1 CNS
      hemorrhage; 1 aspiration pneumonia). One patient had an anaphylactic reaction.
      Three patients whose tumor initially increased in size subsequently had marked
      tumor shrinkage. AZQ is an active agent that must be used with added caution in
      patients who have received nitrosoureas. Initial tumor enlargement may precede
      response. Although response appears to prolong survival, the correlation between
      stabilization of disease and survival is not well-defined.

PMID- 4027871
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy for medulloblastoma.
AB  - The use of adjuvant chemotherapy for cerebellar medulloblastoma is controversial.
      Twenty-one children and adolescents were treated with adjuvant low-dose
      cyclophosphamide and vincristine following surgery and radiotherapy. With a mean
      observation period of 6 years, the disease-free survival is 81%.

PMID- 4027872
TI  - A comparative study of PALA, PALA plus 5-FU, and 5-FU in advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Sixty-three patients with Stage IV breast carcinoma refractory to standard
      combination chemotherapy agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were entered into a
      study to determine the efficacy of a multiple dose schedule of N-(phosphonacetyl)
      L-aspartic acid (PALA) and whether the addition of PALA improves the therapeutic
      efficacy of 5-FU. Patients were randomized to receive either PALA, 800 to 1000
      mg/m2 per day for 5 days every 2 weeks; or PALA + 5-FU, 400 mg/m2 per day for 5
      days, and 300 mg/m2 per day for 5 days every 28 days, respectively. The PALA
      alone arm of the study was closed after 20 patients had been treated and was
      replaced by 5-FU, 300 to 400 mg/m2 per day for 5 days every 21 days. Overall
      response rates were 5% for PALA alone, 28% for PALA + 5-FU, and 14% for 5-FU
      alone. All patients who responded to PALA + 5-FU or 5-FU alone had received prior
      therapy in which 5-FU was part of the combination chemotherapy program and were
      considered refractory to this drug. Toxicity affected the gastrointestinal tract
      but was tolerable in all three arms of the study. Myelosuppression was negligible
      for PALA and PALA + 5-FU and moderate for 5-FU. The authors concluded that PALA +
      5-FU was superior to PALA alone in the therapy of these heavily pretreated
      patients. PALA alone had marginal efficacy. In view of its low hematologic
      toxicity, PALA + 5-FU may be combined with more myelosuppressive drugs.
      Additional studies are necessary to ascertain whether PALA + 5-FU is
      therapeutically superior to a full-dose schedule of 5-FU.

PMID- 4027873
TI  - Correlations between leukocyte count and absolute granulocyte count in patients
      receiving cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - The absolute granulocyte count (AGC) has been considered the best index for
      estimating the risk of infection in patients receiving myelosuppressive therapy.
      However, many investigators and cooperative oncology groups use the leukocyte
      count and extrapolate concurrent AGC values from an arbitrary conversion scale.
      Our review of the literature revealed no analysis of the relationship between the
      leukocyte count and the AGC in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. It also
      failed to provide a method for converting toxicity criteria from one scale to the
      other. To explore the possible relationship of the leukocyte count to the AGC, we
      have completed a retrospective analysis of leukocyte count and accompanying AGC
      in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. The leukocyte count and the AGC are
      shown to be linearly related over the entire population, enabling predictable
      cross-indexing from leukocyte count to AGC by the use of the formula: AGC = -0.7
      + 0.8 (leukocyte count). This provides a rational basis for the development of
      guidelines for drug dosing and toxicity. In the patient group with leukocyte
      count less than or equal to 4500, however, the magnitude of random variability
      decreased predictive ability. Numerous patients in this group received differing
      toxicity scale scores when classified according to the Eastern Cooperative
      Oncology Group (ECOG) scales for AGC and leukocyte count. In some cases, as much
      as 46% disagreement occurred. New toxicity scales for AGC and leukocyte count,
      which were developed based upon the linear relationship above, reduced this
      disagreement substantially. These scales result in a greater agreement of
      toxicity ratings, and may provide a more accurate method of classifying toxicity
      and regulating dosages of chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 4027874
TI  - Doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure in adults.
AB  - The prognosis of doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure (CHF) is reported
      to be poor. To define the clinical course of doxorubicin-induced CHF, the authors
      reviewed their experience with 43 patients with this diagnosis. The median age of
      the total group was 55 years (range, 23-69); the median cumulative dose of
      doxorubicin was 450 mg/m2 (range, 200 mg/m2-1150 mg/m2). A majority of the
      patients had a diagnosis of breast cancer. The median survival of the whole group
      estimated by means of a Kaplan-Meier plot was 112 weeks. Twelve of 43 patients
      (28%) died of CHF, 7 of them (16%) because of fulminant failure in less than 8
      weeks and the remaining 5 because of a more protracted course with recurrent
      episodes of cardiac decompensation. Twenty-five of the 43 patients (58%) achieved
      complete control of CHF. In the remaining 6 patients (14%), CHF had improved but
      was not completely controlled at the time of death, which was secondary to
      progressive tumor. Treatment consisted of standard therapy with digitalis and
      diuretics. Survival was significantly shorter in patients who presented with
      class IV dyspnea and in those who developed CHF less than 4 weeks after
      administration of the last dose of doxorubicin. The authors conclude that in a
      majority of patients, doxorubicin-induced CHF is easily treatable and frequently
      controlled with digitalis and diuretics.

PMID- 4027875
TI  - Composite cerebral neuroblastoma and astrocytoma. A mixed central neuroepithelial
      tumor.
AB  - This report describes an exceptional example of cerebral neuroblastoma in
      association with neoplastic glial cells, which were frequently arranged in
      clusters around the supporting blood vessels. The neuroblastic nature of the
      tumor was confirmed by the presence of numerous dense-core vesicles in the cell
      processes. The glial nature of the associated cells was confirmed by their
      positivity for glial fibrillary acid protein by immunoperoxidase staining and by
      the presence of abundant cytoplasmic filaments of intermediate size on electron
      microscopy. Of particular interest was the presence of dense-core vesicles in
      some of the glial cells, and that of a basal lamina underlying the perivascular
      glial cells. The tumor was interpreted as a composite cerebral neuroblastoma and
      astrocytoma. No undifferentiated neuroepithelial stem cells could be identified.
      The cytogenesis of this mixed neuroepithelial neoplasm is uncertain.

PMID- 4027876
TI  - Blood lymphocyte counts with subset analysis in operable breast cancer. Relation
      to the extent of tumor disease and prognosis.
AB  - Blood lymphocyte counts and various lymphocyte subsets, as defined by rosette
      tests, were examined in breast cancer patients and correlated to the extent of
      tumor disease and prognosis. One hundred sixty-six patients tested before or
      shortly after surgery were included. It was observed that the frequency of E
      rosette-forming lymphocytes correlated to the development of distant metastases
      (P = 0.007) and survival (P = 0.022). A high frequency of E-rosette-forming cells
      was associated with a poor prognosis. The well-known prognostic value of clinical
      tumor stage and axillary lymph node involvement was also confirmed. A possible
      relation between the tumor disease and other immune variables was indicated by
      the finding that the frequency of EAC-rosette-forming lymphocytes (mainly B
      cells) was reduced in patients with relatively large primary tumors. This
      relation was most pronounced in patients without axillary node involvement (P
      less than 0.01). In addition, it was observed that the blood lymphocyte counts
      were significantly higher in patients with three or more tumor-involved axillary
      nodes than in those with zero to two (P less than 0.005). Our results seem to
      stand in contrast to the generally held view that low lymphocyte counts and a low
      proportion of E-rosette-forming cells in the blood are associated with a large
      tumor burden and a poor prognosis.

PMID- 4027877
TI  - Cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma (CMS) in the liver and bile ducts. A
      clinicopathologic study of 17 cases, 4 with malignant change.
AB  - This study of 17 cases describes a homogeneous clinicopathologic group of tumors
      previously subsumed under the general term, hepatobiliary cystadenoma. This
      unique group of neoplasms that the authors have termed "cystadenoma with
      mesenchymal stroma" (CMS), occurred exclusively in women and showed two essential
      tumor components: a cyst lining of columnar to cuboidal, mucin secreting
      epithelium; and a moderately to densely cellular stroma composed of spindle
      (rarely oval) cells. The stromal element appeared similar to primitive
      mesenchyme, both on light and electron microscopic study, showing variable
      differentiation toward fibroblasts, smooth muscle, adipose tissue and
      capillaries. Cases of hepatobiliary "cystadenoma" in the literature with
      histology similar to CMS had similar sex and age incidences, while histologically
      dissimilar cases, lacking the mesenchymal stroma, had significantly different
      parameters. Four cases of CMS in this series showed malignant change that was
      manifested as papillary adenocarcinoma, suggesting the need for complete surgical
      removal of these premalignant neoplasms.

PMID- 4027878
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the colon: an autopsy study with implications for new
      therapeutic strategies.
AB  - Clinical, pathologic, and autopsy records of 53 patients who had localized
      adenocarcinoma of the proximal colon and had undergone potentially curative
      surgery were analyzed to define ultimate patterns of recurrence and final
      patterns of dissemination. Ten patients (19%) died with locoregional recurrence
      alone (operative bed and retroperitoneal nodes). Liver metastases were present in
      31 patients, accompanied by other sites of infradiaphragmatic failure in 29
      patients (94%). Twenty-three patients (43%) died with cancer confined to the
      abdomen, retroperitoneum, and liver. The distribution of involved sites points to
      potential refinements in the surgical staging of this cancer and suggests a
      rational strategy for planning adjuvant therapy designed to address all the
      principal early mechanisms of disease dissemination.

PMID- 4027879
TI  - Histologic correlates and virulence implications of endometrial carcinoma
      associated with adenomatous hyperplasia.
AB  - The association of endometrial carcinoma (EC) with endocrinopathies manifested by
      obesity, nulliparity, and/or increased estrogen levels of exogenous or endogenous
      estrogens is now well-known. EC is also seen in patients without these findings.
      Are these different cancers? Seventy-four cases of EC were reviewed and
      classified into two groups: group I, with associated adenomatous hyperplasia
      (AH), 31 cases; and group II, without associated AH, 43 cases. Group I included
      more well-differentiated and less invasive carcinomas; histologically, the
      pattern was glandular in all cases. In Group II, the EC were less well
      differentiated, more invasive, and included, besides adenocarcinomas, clear-cell,
      papillary, and anaplastic carcinomas with giant tumor cells. Squamoid features
      were found in both groups. The possible existence of two types of EC, a hormonal
      dependent EC associated with AH (which is believed to result from
      hyperestrogenism, and to have a better clinical prognosis), and an "independent"
      EC, not associated with AH, is discussed.

PMID- 4027880
TI  - Female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin with multiple recurrences over
      16 years.
AB  - The case history of a woman with a "female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian
      origin" is described in which the neoplasm recurred three times during a 16-year
      interval and responded with prolonged remission after repeated surgical excision
      and radiotherapy. Ultrastructural data are given to support the Wolffian nature
      of the tumor. Although the tumor was considered in the past to be a benign
      neoplasm, the current report, as well as six others in which the tumor recurred
      or metastasized, indicates that the female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian
      origin should be classified within the International Classification of Disease
      Oncology and the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine nomenclatures as "of low
      malignant potential."

PMID- 4027881
TI  - Second malignancies in hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - Among 172 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) seen at the University of
      Chicago over a 10-year period, 15 were found to have a second malignancy.
      Neoplasia of the skin was noted most frequently; there were three cases of basal
      cell carcinoma, one case of anaplastic squamous cell carcinoma, and one case of
      malignant melanoma. This was followed in frequency by three cases of carcinoma of
      the lung. The clinical characteristics of these 15 patients did not differ from
      those of the general population of patients with HCL. A variety of second
      hematologic malignant disorders and solid tumors were identified. In one case,
      the second neoplasm occurred before the diagnosis of HCL; six were diagnosed
      concurrently; and eight followed the diagnosis of HCL. Since HCL is a well
      defined clinicopathologic entity, patients with HCL who exhibit unusual features
      of the disease should be investigated further for the presence of second
      malignancies.

PMID- 4027882
TI  - Erythema nodosum heralding recurrent Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - The association of erythema nodosum with Hodgkin's disease is acknowledged,
      although not well-documented in the literature. Two patients with long remissions
      of their Hodgkin's disease manifested persistent erythema nodosum beginning 7 and
      6 months, respectively, before relapse was clinically evident. The skin lesions
      in both patients partially responded to treatment with indomethacin, but did not
      resolve completely until chemotherapy was instituted. Erythema nodosum probably
      reflects an important change in the balance of biologic forces between the host
      and the neoplasm, the nature of which can only be speculated upon at this time.
      Erythema nodosum should be considered a warning signal of impending relapse in a
      patient with a history of Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4027883
TI  - Nipple aspirates of breast fluid and the epidemiology of breast disease.
AB  - Epidemiologic data were obtained, and nipple aspiration attempted, from 289
      healthy women, 548 women currently having or with a history of benign breast
      disease, 153 untreated women with breast cancer, and 106 women previously treated
      by mastectomy. Breast duct fluid was produced in detectable amounts by 59% of the
      controls and patients with benign or untreated malignant breast disease; in 35%
      the volume was in excess of 10 microliters. There were more secretors aged 30 to
      50 years (72%), than either those who were younger (52%), or older (44%).
      Overall, 57% of premenopausal women were secretors, compared with 38% of
      postmenopausal women. Healthy women who had their menarche before age 13 years
      were more likely to be secretors. Neither parity, age at first completed
      pregnancy, nor body weight affected secretor status. There was a trend for the
      141 benign breast disease patients aged 40 to 49 years to include more women
      yielding greater than 10 microliter of fluid (57%) compared with 46 controls
      (39%). Although breast cancer per se did not appear to influence secretor status,
      postmastectomy patients were more likely to secrete large fluid volumes, an
      effect that was particularly pronounced after menopause. Hormonal factors related
      to age and fibrocystic disease risk and endocrine activity after mastectomy may
      be the principal determinants influencing the secretion of breast duct fluid.

PMID- 4027884
TI  - Metachronous bilateral adrenal neuroblastoma.
AB  - A boy with bilateral adrenal neuroblastoma was presented. The left adrenal
      neuroblastoma was found when he was at 5 years of age and was curatively excised.
      The right adrenal neuroblastoma was found when he was at 13 years of age and also
      was totally excised. The authors consider that the case presented is an extremely
      rare, metachronous primary bilateral adrenal neuroblastoma, reflecting the
      multicentric origin of neuroblastoma.

PMID- 4027885
TI  - High-dose cytosine arabinoside in previously treated patients with poor-prognosis
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - Fourteen previously treated patients with relapsed or refractory poor-prognosis
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were given chemotherapy regimens containing high doses of
      cytosine arabinoside alone (seven patients) or with an anthracycline or amsacrine
      (seven patients). Five patients achieved a complete remission and two patients
      had a partial remission. The durations of remission, however, were short (median,
      3 months; range, 2-6 months). Toxicities included conjunctivitis, photophobia,
      stomatitis, dermatitis, cerebellar dysfunction, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver
      dysfunction, and severe myelosuppression. Recovery of an absolute granulocyte
      count greater than 500/microliter and an untransfused platelet count greater than
      20,000/microliter required a median of 31 (range, 28-35) and 30 (range, 27-43)
      days, respectively. Six patients died with recurrent or residual disease before
      bone marrow recovery. Younger age, good performance status, and a previous
      complete remission were predictive of a good response. High-dose cytosine
      arabinoside has major myelotoxicity but significant activity in some patients
      with poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 4027886
TI  - Chemotherapy for inoperable infantile fibrosarcoma.
AB  - Infantile fibrosarcoma, an uncommon disease of childhood, generally occurs in an
      extremity and despite high local recurrence rates is usually curable with
      surgical excision alone. Two patients whose tumors were unresectable because of
      extensive retroperitoneal involvement are reported. Treatment with doxorubicin,
      vincristine, and cyclophosphamide resulted in complete clinical responses in both
      patients. They remain alive and tumor free 2.5 and 4 years from diagnosis.
      Chemotherapy as a single modality appears to be effective in controlling
      unresectable infantile fibrosarcoma.

PMID- 4027887
TI  - TNO-6-induced acute renal failure. A case report.
AB  - A case of fatal acute renal failure during treatment with 1,1-diaminomethyl
      cyclohexane sulphato platinum II (TNO-6) is reported. Pathologic investigation
      showed focal tubular necrosis with interstitial infiltration and edema. Despite
      the development of proteinuria no changes of the glomeruli were found, either by
      light or electron microscopic investigation. The pathologic changes caused by TNO
      6 are similar to those found in renal failure caused by cisplatin (CDDP).

PMID- 4027888
TI  - Thymic hyperplasia following successful chemotherapy. A report of two cases and
      review of the literature.
AB  - True thymic hyperplasia is rare in adults. The authors have encountered this
      entity in two patients who were deemed disease-free following combination
      chemotherapy for malignant disease. It cannot be assumed that the development of
      a mediastinal mass or its persistence following chemotherapy is due to recurrent
      or residual disease. The interrelationship between the immunosuppressive effects
      of neoplasia and chemotherapy with the resultant thymic overgrowth remains to be
      clarified.

PMID- 4027889
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism subsequent to neck irradiation. Risk factors.
AB  - A follow-up examination of 444 persons treated with x-rays for tuberculous
      cervical adenitis was performed to determine if the risk for hyperparathyroidism
      (HPT) following radiation exposure can be related to the age at treatment, the
      dose of x-rays, or the sex of the patient. The overall incidence of HPT was 14%.
      There was no definite age-dependent difference in susceptibility to the induction
      of HPT. The doses of radiation among the 63 subjects who developed HPT ranged
      from 0.6 to 45.7 Gy (60-4570 rad). There was a statistically significant positive
      correlation between the dose of radiation and the probability of developing HPT.
      After doses of 14 Gy (1400 rad) or more 29% of the subjects had developed HPT.
      After neck irradiation women had twice the relative risk of men of developing
      HPT. This sex ratio was lower than in the series of nonirradiated HPT patients
      treated at the same institution during the time of the follow-up study.

PMID- 4027890
TI  - Comparison of peripheral blood lymphocyte C3 receptor capping properties in
      patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma.
AB  - Bacteria-antibody complexes were used to study capping of receptors for the
      activated third component of complement on peripheral blood lymphocytes. The
      impairment of C3d receptor capping improves in patients with chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia responding to therapy, but this does not necessarily correspond to the
      fall in peripheral lymphocytosis. Following lymphapheresis, increased capping
      appears to be due to selective removal of noncapping cells, but the mechanisms of
      improvement remain unexplained following other therapeutic measures. Lymphoma
      capping at 37 degrees C was normal in untreated patients but impaired after
      treatment, suggesting that this is related to the therapy itself. A high
      proportion of lymphocytes had receptors in the capped configuration in the basal
      state before incubation. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma this was unrelated to
      treatment status, but it occurred only in untreated patients with Hodgkin's
      lymphoma with no further increment in capping after incubation. These receptors
      may exist in the aggregated state without the addition of exogenous ligand.

PMID- 4027891
TI  - The relationship of clinical status and therapeutic modality to natural killer
      cell activity in human breast cancer.
AB  - The role of clinical status and therapeutic intervention on natural cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity in breast cancer was ascertained by monitoring natural killer (NK)
      cell activity in peripheral blood samples. Patients with localized disease on
      chemotherapy showed significant reductions in NK activity concomitant with
      reduced lymphocyte numbers, when compared to untreated patients (18.1% versus
      32.7%, P less than 0.005). Lymphocyte counts were included in a calculation of
      the absolute proportion of NK activity that incorporates a correction factor for
      the leukopenia that occurs as a result of cytotoxic therapy and disease
      progression. This calculation more accurately reflects the significant reduction
      of NK activity that occurs in patients with localized and systemic disease on
      chemotherapy when compared to untreated patients with no current evidence of
      disease (10.3% and 14.9% versus 30.7%, respectively; P less than 0.001).
      Different chemotherapeutic regimens were found to selectively affect NK cell
      function. The levels of both actual and absolute NK activity were significantly
      reduced in patients receiving 5-fluorouracil and L-phenylalanine mustard;
      cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil; and vincristine, Adriamycin
      (doxorubicin), and 5-fluorouracil, whereas only the levels of absolute NK
      activity were significantly reduced in patients receiving mitomycin, Megace
      (megestrol acetate), and Adriamycin when compared to untreated cancer patients.
      In contrast, tamoxifen-treated patients demonstrated levels of actual and
      absolute NK activity observed with untreated cancer patients. Patients receiving
      tamoxifen showed significantly elevated NK activity when compared to patients on
      all other chemotherapies. These results indicate that monitoring NK cell function
      may be useful in assessing the immunosuppressive effects of chemotherapeutic
      intervention.

PMID- 4027893
TI  - Ductal spread in prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - The histologic appearances of ductal invasion were studied in 139 cases of
      prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Howard
      University Hospital, during the period January 1980 through October 1983.
      Intraductal spread was found in almost half (48%) of the prostatic glands
      examined. Ductal spread was associated with the local extent (P less than 0.001)
      rather than with the grade of the tumor (P less than 0.01). Three distinct
      patterns of ductal penetration were recognized. The duct wall was completely
      destroyed in microinvasion. In foci of ductal permeation the integrity of the
      basement membrane was generally preserved, and the duct wall was infiltrated
      mainly by solitary tumor cells. When the tumor spread was by extension in
      continuity within the duct wall, the neoplastic cells appeared to grow between
      the pre-existing epithelial layers. It was concluded that prostatic carcinoma
      cells have the ability to penetrate the wall of benign ducts and progressively
      replace the normal epithelial elements. In this process the general framework of
      the affected duct appears to be preserved.

PMID- 4027892
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence of dimethylformamide-induced differentiation of cultured
      human colon carcinoma cells. Increased expression of desmosomes.
AB  - N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) induces differentiation of human colon carcinoma (DLD
      1) cells in culture and reduces their tumorigenicity in nude mice. The current
      investigation analyzed DLD-1 (clone D) cells for ultrastructural evidence of
      differentiation. Examination of treated and untreated confluent monolayers by
      transmission electron microscopy revealed an occasional intracytoplasmic lumen
      indicative of adenocarcinoma. DMF-treated cells showed no signs of a toxic
      reaction. Cytoplasmic organelles were essentially unchanged except for an
      increase in tonofilaments and associated desmosomes. The number of desmosomes per
      unit length of contiguous cell border increased almost sixfold in treated
      monolayers. No other type of cell junction was seen. The increased frequency of
      desmosomes in DMF-treated cultures is significant because of the direct
      correlation known to exist between the number of desmosomes and degree of
      differentiation of some human carcinomas. Desmosomes serve as foci of cell
      adhesion and are reduced in number in some invasive tumors. Whether the
      supernumerary desmosomes in DMF-treated cells contribute to the reduction in
      malignant behavior of these cells in vivo remains to be determined.

PMID- 4027894
TI  - Correlation of human bladder tumor recurrence with changes in clonogenicity of
      urothelial cells.
AB  - Over a 2-year period 340 cystoscopies were performed on 174 patients (126 men and
      48 women) followed up for previously treated transitional cell tumor of the
      bladder or new cases suspected of having bladder tumor. Bladder washings taken at
      cystoscopy in 66% yielded cells for clonogenic assay. Patients with transitional
      cell tumors had an average clonogenic index (CI) of 14 (+/- 5) colonies per 10(5)
      viable urothelial cells, whereas previously tumorous patients with tumor-free
      bladders had an average CI of 6 +/- 1 colonies (P less than 0.001, Student's t
      test). Patients with hematuria but no bladder tumor had an average CI of 8 (not
      significant). In serial examinations with consecutive successful clonogenic
      assay, 11 of 16 patients remaining tumor-free had constant or falling CI whereas
      9 of 12 patients with recurrent tumor had rising CI values (Fisher; P less than
      0.025). Changes in the clonogenic index of cells taken from bladder washings
      paralleled the changes in tumor status at cystoscopy and might have predictive
      value in this disease.

PMID- 4027895
TI  - Extracapsular spread of carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes. Impact upon survival
      in patients with carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx.
AB  - The treatment results and histologic findings in the cervical lymphatics of 96
      patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx were studied
      retrospectively. The clinical assessment of the extent of disease in the cervical
      lymphatics correlated poorly with histologic findings. Forty-one percent of
      patients judged to have no evidence of cervical metastases were found to have
      carcinoma in the cervical lymphatics. Twenty percent of patients judged
      clinically NO were found to have extracapsular spread of tumor. Patients were
      subdivided according to the histologic findings in the cervical lymphatics. Three
      year no-evidence-of-disease (NED) follow-up was available on all patients.
      Patients with no tumor in cervical lymphatics had a 71% 3-year NED. By
      comparison, patients with cervical metastases confined to the lymph node were 79%
      NED. Patients with histologic evidence of extracapsular spread of tumor were 45%
      NED (P less than 0.05). The use of histologic findings in predicting prognosis
      and treatment planning is discussed.

PMID- 4027896
TI  - Diagnosis and grading of malignancy in squamous epithelial lesions of the larynx
      with DNA cytophotometry.
AB  - For diagnostic purposes 14 histologically benign, 15 dysplastic, and 16 malignant
      squamous epithelial lesions were subjected to DNA cytophotometry. Results were
      computed according to an algorithm for DNA diagnosis and grading of malignancy.
      In cases of unequivocally malignant or benign lesions all DNA diagnoses agreed
      with the histologic diagnoses. In one case the allegedly faulty DNA diagnosis of
      cancer was proven to be correct on clinical follow-up. Within the group of
      histologically mild to moderate dysplasias the algorithm identified four cases as
      malignant that were proved to be malignant either in the follow-up or at another
      site of the same lesion. With the aid of the DNA malignancy grade two groups of
      patients with squamous epithelial carcinomas of the larynx could be discerned
      with a highly significant difference according to their survival times.

PMID- 4027897
TI  - Papillary duct hyperplasia of the breast in children and young adults.
AB  - Papillary duct hyperplasia (papilloma and/or papillomatosis) are relatively
      common breast lesions in adult women. However, they are rarely seen in women
      younger than 30 years of age or in children. This report presents the findings in
      38 children and young adult women aged 10 to 26 years (average, 17 years). Six
      (16%) were younger than 14 years of age and 31 (82%) were 20 years or younger.
      Three types of papillary duct hyperplasia were described as papilloma (9 cases),
      papillomatosis (9 cases), and sclerosing papillomatosis (20 cases). None of these
      lesions exhibited the prominent cystic component of juvenile papillomatosis (JP)
      and most lacked other features of JP such as apocrine metaplasia and stasis.
      Other than a slightly older average age at diagnosis for sclerosing
      papillomatosis, no significant clinical differences were found related to the
      patterns of papillary duct hyperplasia. Thirteen percent reported a positive
      family history for breast carcinoma. No carcinomas have been detected in the 38
      patients (follow-up, 14-307 months) and only one subsequent carcinoma was
      described after an interval of 22 years among 36 other cases reported in the
      literature. A family history of breast carcinoma is reported in 28% of JP cases
      and 5% have associated carcinoma. Further follow-up will be necessary to fully
      define the natural history of papillary duct hyperplasia in these young patients.
      There appear to be sufficient morphologic and clinical differences from JP to
      warrant a separate diagnostic term for this group of lesions. Treatment should be
      local excision.

PMID- 4027898
TI  - The value of urinary polyamine assay in stomach cancer. Comparison with serum
      carcinoembryonic antigen.
AB  - The authors recently established a new simple enzymatic assay method for total
      urinary polyamines (Cancer Res 1983; 43:2263-2367). In order to assess the
      clinical usefulness of measuring total urinary polyamines for the detection of
      cancer, this method has been applied to the assay of polyamines in the urine of
      45 patients with stomach cancer who were classified as to clinical stage. In
      addition, the value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the same
      individual patients was measured for comparison. Percentage of patients with
      elevated levels of total urinary polyamines increased with International Union
      Against Cancer (UICC) clinical stage, and was 40.0% (6/15), 50% (3/6), 72.7%
      (8/11), and 84.6% (11/13) for Stage I, II, III and IV stomach cancer patients,
      respectively. In 32 patients with stomach cancer of potentially operable Stage I,
      II, and III, elevated levels of total urinary polyamines were found in 17
      patients and elevated levels of serum CEA were found in 5 patients. In 13
      patients with inoperable stage IV stomach cancer, elevated levels of total
      urinary polyamines were found in 11 patients and elevated levels of serum CEA
      were found in 5 patients. Statistical differences in the detection rate were
      found between the two markers in these two groups of patients. The combination of
      these two markers did not increase the detection rate of stomach cancer
      significantly. The data indicate that the determination of total urinary
      polyamines by the new assay is clinically useful as a potential marker for the
      detection of advanced stages of stomach cancer and may be more useful than that
      of serum CEA. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the relationship between
      urinary polyamine levels and tumor regression and also the prognostic
      significance of polyamine determination in stomach cancer patients. In 6 of 13
      patients who showed elevated levels of urinary polyamines before surgery,
      polyamine levels fell to within the normal range after successful surgical
      removal of tumor. In general, each polyamine level decreased significantly
      following surgery by paired Student's t test analysis. All of the five Stage IV
      patients with polyamine levels greater than 4.0 mumol/kg/24 hour died in less
      than 3 months whereas five of eight Stage IV patients with polyamine levels less
      than or equal to 4.0 mumol/kg/24 hour survived 10 to 20 months. Statistical
      differences in survival were observed between Stage IV patients with polyamine
      levels greater than 4.0 mumol/kg/24 hour and those with polyamine levels less
      than or equal to 4.0 mumol/kg/24 hour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4027899
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in human bladder tumors and irrigation
      fluids.
AB  - Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to study the DNA distribution of 99 tumor biopsy
      specimens and 41 bladder irrigation samples from patients with transitional cell
      carcinoma of the bladder. For tumor biopsy and cystectomy specimens, the
      frequency of aneuploidy increased with advancing tumor stage and grade. All T0
      tumors were diploid. Twenty-seven percent of T1, 71.4% of T2, and 75% of T3 and
      T4 tumors were aneuploid. All Grade I tumors were diploid. Thirty percent of
      Grade II and 76.9% of Grade III tumors were aneuploid. The frequency of
      aneuploidy of tumors in the early stages (Ta, T1) is similar to the incidence of
      subsequent progression by these tumors described in the literature. For
      irrigation fluids, the relationship between grade and stage and the frequency of
      aneuploidy was similar to the relationship seen with tumor specimens. All four
      patients with only carcinoma in situ had aneuploid cells in their irrigations.
      The comparison of FCM data of bladder biopsy and bladder irrigation from the same
      cystoscopic evaluation suggests adequate representation of tumor cells in the
      irrigation fluids for almost all cases. The authors conclude that DNA ploidy
      analysis by FCM appears useful in a clinically important group of patients with
      aneuploid superficial tumors of moderate or high grade. Bladder irrigation
      analysis appears useful in the follow-up of patients with a history of carcinoma
      in situ and those with aneuploid tumors.

PMID- 4027900
TI  - Significance of estrogen and progesterone receptors, disease-free interval, and
      site of first metastasis on survival of breast cancer patients.
AB  - Estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR) were measured in primary tumors and
      metastases of 397 breast cancer patients. Survival following mastectomy was
      significantly longer in patients with ER and PR positive tumors, as was survival
      after first recurrence. The prognostic value of ER and PR was compared with such
      clinical factors as disease-free interval (DFI) and the dominant site of first
      metastasis by Cox's regression analysis. With all the different therapy
      modalities long DFI was the best prognostic indicator. However, in the patient
      group treated with endocrine therapy, ER and PR positivity was the best
      prognostic indicator, suggesting that longer survival in receptor positive
      patients was related to the response to endocrine treatment.

PMID- 4027901
TI  - Race-related differences in breast cancer patients. Results of the 1982 national
      survey of breast cancer by the American College of Surgeons.
AB  - Data from the 1982 breast cancer survey of the American College of Surgeons were
      used to evaluate factors related to clinical, epidemiologic, and survival
      differences between black and white patients. Breast cancer in blacks was not
      discovered as early as in whites. Distribution of pathologic types of tumors were
      similar for both races with the exception of medullary carcinoma, which was more
      frequent in blacks than in whites. Estrogen receptor-positive tumors were found
      significantly less frequently in blacks compared with whites. Survival was better
      for whites compared with blacks within each axillary nodes group 0, 1 to 3, and
      4+. Black women with negative or positive estrogen receptors had lower survival
      rates than white women of the same receptor status. A regression analysis using
      Cox's proportional hazards model showed race, clinical stage or axillary nodal
      status, age at diagnosis, and estrogen receptor status as significant predictors
      of survival. Significant differences between black and white patients were also
      observed with respect to the report of family history of breast cancer, age at
      first pregnancy, number of pregnancies, and age at cessation of menses.

PMID- 4027902
TI  - Prevention of colon polyposis and carcinomas by right hemicolectomy and
      indomethacin in animal model.
AB  - Rats were given intrarectal instillations of N-methylnitrosourea. The
      experimental groups with right hemicolectomy and oral indomethacin had a
      significantly reduced rate of large bowel tumors. The inhibition rate of tumor
      development was 88% in incidence and 94% in number. This inhibition was
      associated with a decrease of fecal bile acid level and a shortened intestinal
      transit time. It was hypothesized that the change of fecal bile acid composition
      after surgery and the prostaglandin synthesis inhibition by indomethacin affected
      the promotion phase of large bowel carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4027903
TI  - Metastatic neuroblastoma and testicular involvement.
AB  - Neuroblastoma metastatic to the testes is thought to be an extremely rare event
      and is therefore not routinely considered in the evaluation of neuroblastoma
      patients. A review of metastatic sites in a series of neuroblastoma patients,
      however, revealed 11 cases with testicular involvement. Analysis of these cases
      suggests that the phenomenon may not be uncommon in a subset of neuroblastoma
      patients, namely, male patients with infra-diaphragmatic primaries and advanced
      stage disease. Because the testes constitute a sanctuary site for tumor cells,
      occult testicular involvement may play a role in the relapse of patients judged
      to be in complete remission. Accordingly, it is proposed that in the above group
      of patients special diagnostic attention should be directed at the scrotal
      contents and, if testicular involvement is detected, orchiectomy or local
      irradiation should be considered.

PMID- 4027904
TI  - American Cancer Society Workshop Conference on Pediatric Brain Tumors. Niagara-on
      the-Lake, Ontario, Canada, June 18-20, 1984.

PMID- 4027905
TI  - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of intracranial neoplasms in children.
AB  - The authors discuss their original observations using computed tomography (CT) in
      the diagnosis of posterior fossa neoplasms in children. The subject of CT
      diagnosis of childhood supratentorial tumors is also reviewed. However, despite
      the documented value of CT, the authors believe that magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI) will eventually offer certain advantages that will make MRI the primary
      imaging modality for intracranial neoplasms in children.

PMID- 4027906
TI  - Radiologic guidelines in assessing children with intracranial tumors.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) is currently the primary and generally the definitive
      imaging modality for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of intracranial
      neoplasms in children. The value of CT in the postoperative period is discussed.
      The role of CT and myelography is stressed in the evaluation of cerebrospinal
      fluid seeding. CT is also important in demonstrating the iatrogenic disturbances
      of the central nervous system as a result of radiation and chemotherapy. The
      authors recommend that CT scans with and without contrast be obtained 2 weeks
      after surgery and before starting any form of adjuvant treatment. CT slices
      should be contiguous and 5-mm thick. Subsequent scans should be obtained every 3
      to 4 months for the first year and every 6 months thereafter. Where necessary, CT
      scans after the introduction of intrathecal metrizamide may be necessary to
      evaluate the lower portion of the posterior fossa and brain stem.

PMID- 4027907
TI  - Myelography for staging medulloblastoma.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma were studied with
      myelography and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology studies before radiotherapy.
      Seventeen (45%) patients had evidence of dissemination beyond the posterior
      fossa. Spinal cord lesions were demonstrated in ten patients (26%). Negative
      results of CSF cytology studies did not preclude demonstration of cord
      involvement. Children younger than 5 years were more likely than older patients
      to have spinal cord involvement at diagnosis. Patients who were truly M-0 did
      better in terms of absolute survival but not relapse-free survival when compared
      with patients with dissemination. Myelography and cytology studies are necessary
      in the evaluation of all newly diagnosed patients with medulloblastoma and may
      also be indicated for patients with other brain tumors with a known propensity
      for dissemination.

PMID- 4027908
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of intracranial tumors of childhood.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging technique that
      demonstrates intracranial anatomy without the use of ionizing irradiation and
      intravenous contrast agents. Image quality is dependent on various factors,
      including field strength, scanning sequence, and imaging time. Although there is
      currently no concensus as to how to visualize intracranial lesions optimally, MRI
      has already been shown to be sensitive in the detection of brain tumors. It can
      detect many different types of tumors; however, its specificity is unclear.
      Intracranial tumor extent is extremely well-demonstrated by MRI. The advantages
      and disadvantages of MRI compared with computerized tomography are reviewed.

PMID- 4027909
TI  - Extraneural metastases of central nervous system tumors.
AB  - In the past, extraneural metastasis of central nervous system tumors was
      considered to be a rare event. However, more recently, a considerable body of
      literature has accumulated so that to date some 282 patients with extraneural
      metastases have been reported. Of these reported cases, 40.4% have occurred in
      children. Although central nervous system tumors can spread spontaneously beyond
      the confines of the central nervous system, most instances of extraneural
      metastasis occur after craniotomy or diversionary cerebrospinal fluid shunting.
      Extraneural metastases are universally fatal. Although it is not curative,
      chemotherapeutic treatment of metastases may greatly decrease the patient's
      discomfort and improve the quality and duration of survival. Every effort should
      be made to prevent this complication by avoiding diversionary cerebrospinal fluid
      shunting procedures or by incorporating a filtering device if a shunt becomes
      necessary.

PMID- 4027910
TI  - Staging of cerebral hemispheric tumors.
AB  - There is currently no adequate staging system for cerebral astrocytomas. A scheme
      for acquiring data that can be used to stage cerebral hemisphere tumors is
      suggested. This data base, in conjunction with treatment and survival
      information, may be useful in the management of childhood hemispheric tumors.

PMID- 4027911
TI  - Neurosurgical staging of midline intra-axial (nuclear) tumors.
AB  - A staging system is needed for midline intra-axial (nuclear) tumors so that
      treatment results can be compared, insights about tumor biology can be obtained,
      and prognosis can be estimated. The TNM staging classification is of limited
      value because nuclear tumor margins cannot be defined by an operation, there are
      no nodes to sample, and the tumors rarely metastasize. Nuclear tumors can be
      staged best now by computed tomography (CT) and pathology findings. Diagnostic
      staging by CT scans will demonstrate tumor features that may be of prognostic
      importance: tumor size, density, volume, enhancement, laterality, and presence of
      cysts and calcifications. In the current series, prognosis was better for tumors
      with cysts or calcifications, and for tumors less than 5 cm, but correlated
      poorly with laterality and site. Biopsy and often partial resection can be
      performed on nuclear tumors with low risks, but operative staging is not helpful
      because operations are necessarily limited. Most diencephalic tumors are
      astrocytomas or mixed gliomas, but approximately 15% are malignant astrocytomas
      or malignant mixed gliomas that need more intensive therapy, and 5% to 10% are
      neoplasms such as hamartomas that require no additional therapy. Two individual
      histopathologic characteristics, high cell density and mitoses, indicate a worse
      prognosis. Pediatric brain tumor study groups need to accumulate additional
      radiographic and pathologic information to stage nuclear tumors more accurately.

PMID- 4027912
TI  - Tumor staging for pineal region tumors of childhood.
AB  - The central midline location of the pineal gland, its intricate contact with
      cerebrospinal fluid pathways, and the generally large size of tumors in this area
      before they produce symptoms raise problems in the use of TNM classification.
      Biopsy was performed on 30 consecutive pineal region tumors seen in children
      detected over an 8-year period. The pathologic features did not conform to
      previous autopsy data. Germinomas comprised only 7% of tumors, whereas 23% were
      malignant germ cell tumors. Neither computerized tomography, magnetic resonance
      imaging scan, nor markers were shown to be diagnostic of pathologic type. It was
      concluded that the significant factors affecting outcome are tumor cell type and
      presence or absence or mitoses. Surgical biopsy is recommended for all pineal
      region tumors in children. At the current time, the data base is insufficient to
      devise a staging classification specific for pineal region tumors and the TNM
      system appears largely inappropriate. Thus, it is reasonable to develop a data
      base for tumors of this region that then may lead to a specific staging system.

PMID- 4027913
TI  - Intraventricular tumors of childhood.
AB  - Supratentorial intraventricular tumors in childhood are relatively uncommon
      neoplasms. They are generally benign lesions with certain anatomic predilection,
      producing symptoms by local expansion and obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid
      flow. Increased intracranial pressure occurs without focal neurologic deficit
      because of their relatively silent central cerebral location. The benign nature
      of supratentorial intraventricular tumors preclude a formal staging system.
      Listing of tumor type and anatomic location is sufficient.

PMID- 4027914
TI  - Systemic staging of supratentorial extra-axial brain tumors in children.
      Craniopharyngiomas, atypical teratoma and teratoid tumors of the suprasellar
      region (germinomas), and intracranial teratomas.
AB  - A staging system has been proposed for the following tumors: craniopharyngiomas,
      germinomas, and intracranial teratomas. Various aspects of the specific
      pathologic and growth characteristics of the tumor determines such categorization
      and subclassification of the tumors. A brief analysis of the clinical aspects in
      reference to classification is presented. The suggested systems will need to be
      tested in clinical studies to determine their validity.

PMID- 4027915
TI  - A staging system for brain stem gliomas.
AB  - Intrinsic brain stem neoplasms are almost invariably malignant, and irrespective
      of radiation treatment and chemotherapy, are associated with a very abbreviated
      survival. It is possible that occasional long-term survival is the result of a
      radiation-sensitive low-grade astrocytoma. It is suggested that a primary staging
      system may separate poor-risk and good-risk patient populations and that this
      classification may be important in assessing future therapeutic options.

PMID- 4027916
TI  - A classification system for primitive neuroectodermal tumors (medulloblastoma) of
      the posterior fossa.
AB  - Tumors of the posterior fossa are described. Although the preoperative staging
      system of Chang and associates has proven prognostic relevance, a proposed new
      system may have even greater impact on prognosis because it considers the tumor
      burden postoperatively. This system (MAPS: metastasis, age, pathology, and
      surgery) incorporates age and pathologic characteristics into the staging system.
      The value of this proposed staging system, in particular, the impact of
      pathology, must be assessed in controlled trials.

PMID- 4027917
TI  - Surgical staging of cerebellar astrocytomas in childhood.
AB  - Benign cerebellar astrocytomas of childhood, when removed grossly in toto, have
      high cure rates and thus can be staged by their surgical resectability.
      Currently, total tumor resection is limited by attachment to or invasion of the
      tumor into the brain stem or by evidence of recurrence or metastases. Tumors of
      the cyst-nodule form are more often amenable to total gross removal because of
      their discrete margins and lateral placement, which is clear of brain stem
      structures. However, solid astrocytomas of the cerebellum, with or without
      visible cysts, may also be surgically cured if there is sufficient clearance from
      the brain stem. Patients with malignant astrocytomas of the cerebellum or
      metastases have much poorer prognoses. Preoperative and postoperative staging
      systems have been suggested based on these assumptions.

PMID- 4027918
TI  - Ependymomas. Factors in clinical and diagnostic staging.
AB  - In ependymoma, there is evidence that indicates that age, sex, histologic
      patterns, functional status, location, duration of symptoms, size, and
      accessibility to surgical removal influence survival. The role of neuron-specific
      enolase and other biologic markers must await the accumulation of further
      information. Further advances in diagnostic imaging, immunodiagnostics, and
      intraoperative staging should lead to a better understanding of the disease and
      pinpoint prognostic factors more precisely. A profile that contains important
      information is suggested; this should eventually lead to the development of a
      staging system.

PMID- 4027920
TI  - The design and conduct of clinical trials in childhood brain tumors.
AB  - The orderly conduct of clinical research trials in pediatric oncology has laid
      the foundation for modern curative therapy in several childhood malignancies.
      Such types of large clinical trials are relatively new to pediatric neuro
      oncology. New treatments such as single and combination chemotherapy agents are
      studied in a Phase II trial in children with specific recurrent primary brain
      tumors. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans
      and myelography allow the accurate determination of objective responses. The
      relative lack of promising Phase II trials has hampered the design of new Phase
      III studies for a variety of primary childhood brain tumors. The results of
      several Phase II trials may be incorporated into a prospective randomized Phase
      III study in which the endpoint is disease-free survival rather than response
      rate. Because of the rarity of specific types of primary childhood brain tumors,
      randomized Phase III trials are conducted more easily by cooperative cancer study
      groups. This article suggests some guidelines for the conduct of these Phase II
      and III trials in children with primary brain tumors so that accurate data may be
      accrued in an efficient manner.

PMID- 4027919
TI  - The value of surveillance testing in childhood brain tumors.
AB  - Follow-up procedures in children with brain tumors are designed to confirm tumor
      response to initial therapy, identify recurrence or progression at the time of
      potential secondary treatment, and establish the patterns of failure. Serial use
      of neurologic examinations and computerized tomography scans are outlined for all
      tumor types. Tumors capable of subarachnoid metastasis (medulloblastoma,
      ependymomas, pineal/suprasellar germ cell tumors, and pineoblastoma) require
      periodic assessment of the neuraxis by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and
      myelography to establish the frequency of subclinical meningeal seeding in study
      settings. Serial analysis of specific biochemical markers for medulloblastoma
      (CSF polyamines) and germ cell tumors (serum and CSF alpha-fetoprotein and beta
      human chorionic gonadotropin) are suggested. Serial evoked potentials in brain
      stem gliomas are recommended.

PMID- 4027921
TI  - The influence and reliability of neurologic assessment and Karnofsky performance
      score on prognosis.
AB  - The neurologic examination is important in the early diagnosis of brain tumors in
      children. Only in brain stem gliomas may the neurologic examination be better
      than computed tomographic scans in determining the progression. However, in
      general, the traditional neurologic examination has little or no value for
      prognosis. Reversible, associated features of brain tumors such as seizures or
      increased intracranial pressure may alter the patient's ability to function
      neurologically, but may not influence the prognosis regarding the tumor status.
      The Karnofsky functional status, to a large extent, reflects an adult's ability
      to work and has prognostic value but is largely inapplicable to children. Thus, a
      quality-of-life scale for children is needed.

PMID- 4027922
TI  - Toward the development of a play performance scale for children (PPSC).
AB  - Performance scales (i.e., Karnofsky), as they measure quality of life, have been
      used effectively as an integral part of repeated assessment of adult cancer
      patients for the last several years. An equally concise measure of performance
      has not been developed for children. The task of developing a scale to assess
      performance in infants, toddlers, school-age children, and adolescents is
      formidable, as the activity measured should be of equal merit at each age level.
      Although all childhood cancer patients could benefit from a simple-to-administer,
      rapid assessment, children with brain tumors have the greatest need for a
      repeated measure of performance. The goal, then, is to develop a simplified set
      of criteria that can be used for assessment of children with brain tumors during
      hospitalization, at the time of clinic visits, and/or at the time of diagnostic
      procedures when the patient is in a reasonable state of health. The assessment
      should be able to performed by nonprofessional persons.

PMID- 4027923
TI  - The long-term effects of cranial irradiation on the central nervous system.
AB  - Cranial irradiation and chemotherapy may have significant long-term deleterious
      effects on children with brain tumors. Intellectual deterioration,
      endocrinopathies, leukoencephalopathy, extraneural metastases, and oncogenesis
      may all complicate the treatment of central nervous system neoplasia. These long
      term effects of therapy have important implications, as some are amenable to
      treatment and others may be prevented by the careful monitoring of drug and
      radiation administration. Until recently, the survivals of children with brain
      tumors were limited, so that concerns over long-term effects of therapy were
      unnecessary. As children with certain types of brain tumors now have a better
      prognosis, these long-term and possibly remediable effects have important
      implications. This article emphasizes radiation effects on intellect, endocrine
      function, and oncogenesis. Recommendations for baseline and longitudinal
      evaluations of children with brain tumors are suggested.

PMID- 4027924
TI  - Classifications of childhood brain tumors.
AB  - Diagnostic classifications of brain tumors do not necessarily reflect natural
      orders in biology. They are hypothetic statements about relationships among
      histologic features within tumors that have been fabricated for the purposes of
      understanding, communicating, and predicting brain tumor biology. Historically,
      they have been constructed in response to specific needs and have changed to meet
      new needs. The classifications in use today are built on arbitrary a priori dicta
      and assumptions that may not stand scientific scrutiny and may obscure efforts of
      physicians at prognosis. Classifications ignore the influence of site and age
      upon prognosis. For future use, the differing goals of prognosis and genesis may
      require different classifications.

PMID- 4027925
TI  - Statistics of conducting clinical trials for children with brain tumors.
AB  - Even though intracranial tumors are the second most common neoplasm in childhood,
      controlled trials for children with brain tumors are unusually difficult to
      conduct. The major hindrance to these studies appears to be a lack of numbers in
      each of the histologic subtypes and a lack of an effective collaborative effort
      among neurosurgeons, neurologists, radiotherapists, and pediatric oncologists,
      all of whom have some degree of responsibility for the primary care of these
      children. Improved communication between the Children's Cancer Study Group and
      the Pediatric Oncology Group, as well as the disciplines mentioned above, could
      result in significant advances in the understanding and treatment of children
      with brain tumors.

PMID- 4027926
TI  - The argument for a combined cancer consortium research data base.
AB  - Epidemiologic data that were obtained through the SEER registry (Surveillance
      Epidemiology End Results Program) are presented. Survival statistics for five
      major brain tumor types in childhood are presented for the years 1968 through
      1979. Further survival statistics are compared in patients treated in community
      hospitals versus university hospitals. The lack of uniform reporting, absence of
      pathologic conformation, and limited number of patients seen throughout the
      country are emphasized. There is a need for the establishment of a data base
      composed of the member institutions of the childhood cancer consortiums. This
      data base would address questions of patterns of failure, benefits of surgical
      and clinical staging, and the value of a new putative pathologic grading system.
      Additionally, the opportunity to collect these patients should permit
      identification of long-term treatment effects. Identification of early morbidity
      may lead to modification of treatment programs. A data base containing treatment
      and diagnostic parameters would allow significant cross-correlations and would
      lead to the design of future studies that are based upon accurate data.

PMID- 4027927
TI  - Hodgkin's disease stages IA and IIA. A long-term follow-up study on the gains
      achieved by modern therapy.
AB  - One hundred forty-nine supradiaphragmatic Stage IA and IIA Hodgkin's disease (HD)
      patients treated according to one of two different policies, were analyzed to
      quantitate the therapeutic gains achieved in recent years. Forty-nine patients
      were managed according to the pre-1969 policy consisting of mantle radiotherapy
      (XRT) only without laparotomy staging and without subdiaphragmatic treatment.
      These cases constitute the old series (OS). Ninety-eight patients after 1969
      received staging laparotomy-splenectomy and were treated with total or subtotal
      nodal irradiation, and in a small number also multiagent chemotherapy (MAC).
      These patients constitute the new series (NS). All prelaparotomy IA and IIA cases
      are included in the NS even if they became Stage III at laparotomy. Salvage
      therapy for relapsing disease differed between the OS and NS. The majority of OS
      relapsing patients received salvage XRT, while the majority of relapsing NS
      patients received MAC. The NS and OS patient groups are comparable by
      pretreatment parameters. There is a large and statistically significant
      improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) and survival (S) in the NS over the
      OS. At 13 years the NS group had a DFS of 65% compared to 38% in the OS, and S in
      the NS was 82% compared to 37% in the OS. The improvement in DFS is almost
      totally due to the addition of prophylactic periaortic XRT in the NS patients. A
      striking reversal of relapse patterns for the OS and NS was observed. Periaortic
      nodal relapse occurred in 37% of the OS patients and accounted for 64% of all
      relapses, while in the NS this failure pattern occurred in only 2% of all cases.
      Supradiaphragmatic relapse accounted for 74% of all relapses in the NS. Improved
      salvage of relapsed patients in the NS further added to the overall gain in
      survival. Whereas no relapsed patient in the OS achieved long-term survival (14%
      at 10 years, 0 at 25 years), one-half of NS relapses were salvaged by MAC (54%
      survival at 10 years from relapse). These data clearly document the striking
      therapeutic gains in Stage IA and IIA supradiaphragmatic HD resulting from the
      use of prophylactic periaortic XRT and MAC salvage for relapsing patients.

PMID- 4027928
TI  - The inhibitory effect of caffeine on hormone-induced rat breast cancer.
AB  - Studies have associated coffee and/or caffeine with human fibrocystic breast
      disease. Two animal studies have implicated caffeine as a promoter in rat mammary
      cancer. The current investigation examines the effect of two caffeine doses in
      ACI rats with and without diethylstilbestrol (DES). Without DES, cancer did not
      develop in any of the rats receiving either of the two caffeine dosages. With
      DES, increasing caffeine dosage lengthened the time to first cancer, decreased
      the number of rats that developed cancers, and decreased the number of cancers
      overall. The presence or amount of caffeine did not cause detectable histologic
      differences in the breast cancers. The presence or amount of caffeine did not
      influence animal weight or mortality, although the rats without DES weighed more
      and survived better into old age. The presence or amount of caffeine did not
      influence pituitary weights and prolactin levels, although values of the DES
      groups were three times higher than the values for the group without DES (P less
      than 0.05). In conclusion, chronic caffeine ingestion inhibits rat breast cancer,
      neither by interfering with the high prolactin levels--a necessary step in murine
      tumor development--nor by causing hypocaloric intake.

PMID- 4027929
TI  - Cell kinetics as a prognostic marker in node-negative breast cancer.
AB  - The relevance of cell kinetics of the primary tumor as a marker of biologic
      aggressivity was verified on a series of 258 patients with operable breast cancer
      without nodal and distant metastases, who underwent radical mastectomy without
      any other treatment until relapse. The cell proliferative rate, evaluated in
      vitro on fresh tumor material and expressed as 3H-thymidine labeling index, was
      found to be an important discriminant of metastatic potential. Patients with
      slowly proliferating tumors showed a higher probability of 6-year relapse-free
      survival in comparison to those with fast-proliferating tumors (80.5% versus
      59.6%, P = 0.00004). This finding was true for premenopausal and paramenopausal
      (P = 0.00005) as well as for postmenopausal patients (P = 0.01). The kinetic
      variable was also a discriminant of 6-year survival for the overall series (P =
      0.003) and for premenopausal and paramenopausal patients (P = 0.003) regardless
      of the type of treatment after relapse. These findings show the relevance of the
      kinetic variable as an important prognostic marker in breast cancer.

PMID- 4027930
TI  - Distribution and reproducibility of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility in
      a prospective population study of middle-aged male smokers and nonsmokers.
AB  - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility was determined in a lymphoblast
      test system in 2,000 consecutive middle-aged male smokers, 304 ex-smokers, and
      218 never-smokers in the same birth-year cohorts. Intraindividual, intraobserver,
      and interobserver, as well as temporal, reproducibility was checked in a special
      double-blind quadruplet sample series from 20 other consecutive middle-aged men.
      The results showed a three-modal phenotype distribution of AHH inducibility with
      high (fold induction greater than or equal to 3.6), intermediate (2.6-3.6) and
      low (less than or equal to 2.5) levels ranging between 7.6% to 10.5%, 38.5% to
      43.0%, and 46.5% to 53.9%, respectively, in all the smoking categories. The
      reproducibility of the measurements was excellent, with one-way variance in the
      order of 0.007 to 0.033, and the applied assay method can therefore be used in
      large-scale prospective population investigations. Such are required in order to
      establish a cause-effect association between high AHH inducibility and smoking
      related malignancies of the respiratory tract and oral cavity, as has been
      suggested from earlier retrospective studies in more limited clinical materials
      of cancers and precanceroses of these varieties.

PMID- 4027931
TI  - The diagnostic value of flow cytometric DNA measurements in follicular tumors of
      the thyroid gland.
AB  - Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content was performed on single or multiple
      samples from 34 thyroidectomy specimens. There were 29 thyroids with diploid DNA
      content, comprising 15 nonneoplastic lesions, 5 follicular adenomas, 1 medullary
      carcinoma, and 8 papillary carcinomas. Aneuploid DNA pattern was observed in five
      cases, including one metastatic mammary carcinoma. The initial histologic
      diagnoses in the remaining four aneuploid thyroid lesions were follicular
      carcinoma in one and follicular adenoma in three. The abnormal DNA pattern in the
      three follicular "adenomas" prompted a review of their aspiration cytologic and
      histologic features. The fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed in two of
      the three cases and showed evidence of a follicular neoplasm with significant
      nuclear atypia in both. Histologic review of the three lesions led to a modified
      diagnosis of noninvasive low grade follicular carcinoma in all three. Flow
      cytometric analysis of DNA content may prove to be a highly useful adjunct in the
      evaluation of follicular thyroid tumors. Long-term clinical follow-up is
      warranted to document the clinical significance of these observations.

PMID- 4027932
TI  - Natural history of pulmonary scar cancers. Clinical and pathologic implications.
AB  - Twenty-two cases of resected pulmonary scar cancers in which 10 year or greater
      follow-up could be obtained were evaluated to determine morphologic and clinical
      criteria which would predict long-term survival and elucidate the cause and
      effect relationship of the scar to the cancer. Maturity of the scar was found to
      be an important criterion in predicting long-term survival. Of patients with
      tumors less than or equal to 3 cm, only one of six with an early scar died with
      cancer, whereas four of eight patients with advanced scars died with cancer. All
      tumors greater than 3 cm had advanced scars and five of eight patients in this
      category died with cancer. These findings support the concept that the scar
      develops secondary to the cancer and that the maturity of the scar can be used as
      a prognostic criterion in resected tumors.

PMID- 4027933
TI  - Ultrastructural diagnosis of epithelial malignant mesothelioma.
AB  - Examination of microvilli (MV) by electron microscopy (EM) may help distinguish
      epithelial malignant mesotheliomas (EMM) from metastatic adenocarcinomas (AC).
      The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of microvillous
      length to width (l/w) measurements of EMM and AC, and to determine if ultrathin
      sections can be used to accurately assess lengths of villi not completely
      contained within a single section. Therefore, in addition to the usual ultrathin
      (600-800 A) sections used for standard transmission EM, thicker (up to 1 mu)
      sections were also prepared for study by scanning transmission EM. Seven cases of
      EMM and 3 of AC were analyzed. In each case, length and width were measured for
      all MV with identifiable bases (18-60 MV/case), using an electronic planimeter,
      and the mean l/w ratio calculated. The dimensionless l/w ratio is independent of
      magnification and does not require calibration, facilitating intercase
      comparison. In the 3 AC, the mean l/w was 5.39, versus 11.44 in the 7 EMM cases.
      Four EMM were analyzed using both standard ultrathin and thicker sections,
      disclosing a thin section l/w of 13.34 and a thick section of 12.26, supporting
      the confidence of measurements made from standard ultrathin sections. Examination
      of data also showed that equally good separation of EMM from AC could be obtained
      using the mean ratio of only the 10 longest MV (16.11 versus 8.93). By these
      techniques, EMM often may be distinguishable from AC, with a l/w ratio twice as
      large in EMM and a mean l/w greater than 11 supportive of a diagnosis of EMM.

PMID- 4027934
TI  - Reliability of urinary cytodiagnosis in urothelial neoplasms.
AB  - A retrospective study was done to explore the reliability of urinary cytologic
      examination of 117 cases of transitional cell carcinoma seen at this institution
      for the period 1980 to 1984. A specificity of 99%, sensitivity of 85%, false
      positive rate of 11%, and false-negative rate of 10% were obtained. A single
      blind review of cytologic and histologic material from 66 of the cases was also
      performed for evaluation of the cytologic criteria employed for the grading of
      tumors. Cytohistologic correlation of grade I lesions was poor, whereas
      correlation of grades II and III was reasonably good. Carcinoma in situ was
      cytologically recognized in all instances but was difficult to distinguish from
      grade III carcinoma.

PMID- 4027935
TI  - Meningeal involvement in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Incidence,
      management, and predictive factors.
AB  - Between 1977 and 1983, symptomatic meningeal leukemia was diagnosed in 9 of 93
      adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (10%). All cases occurred after
      complete remission had been achieved (46 patients), either as the only site of
      relapse (3 patients), or together with a first bone marrow relapse (3 patients),
      or after a bone marrow relapse (3 patients). Extramedullary involvement at
      initial diagnosis was the only independent predictive factor (P = 0.005), the
      number of patients with initial hyperleukocytosis being too small (three) for
      evaluation. Remission of the meningeal leukemia was obtained after treatment in
      four of eight patients. The presence of meningeal leukemia and the response to
      therapy had no influence on survival. However, the morbidity and therapy related
      toxicity of meningeal leukemia were impressive. Some recommendations for
      prophylactic treatment are suggested.

PMID- 4027936
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with pregnancy. A report of six cases, with a
      review of the literature.
AB  - Six patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed during late pregnancy or
      shortly thereafter are reported. Three patients had high-grade lymphoma and
      three, intermediate-grade histologic features. Five of the six patients were in
      Stage 4 and one was Stage 1. Only three had the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma during pregnancy, and in these three cases the disease appeared to
      progress rapidly after delivery. The other three women probably had lymphoma
      during pregnancy; lymphoma was widespread at the time of their diagnosis, but the
      diagnosis was only established on biopsy specimens after delivery in all three
      instances. Five patients had full-term natural deliveries with normal infants. A
      single patient with Burkitt's lymphoma had a premature delivery with a cesarean
      section in the 29th week because of abruptio placentae probably due to lymphoma
      of the uterine wall. In this case both mother and child died within 48 hours of
      delivery. The other five patients were treated soon after delivery. Published
      literature dealing with this topic is scanty and inconclusive; accordingly this
      report attempts to discuss management of lymphoma in pregnancy, based on the
      authors' limited experience with these six patients.

PMID- 4027937
TI  - Familial history of esophageal cancer.
AB  - Several studies from different regions of the world reflect a positive family
      history of esophageal cancer among patients with the same disease. The all age
      standardized rates for the Turkoman of northern Gonbad district in the Caspian
      Littoral of Iran is as high as 160-180, and truncated rates reach 300-400 per
      100,000, the highest incidence rates in the world. A total of 602 esophageal
      cancer patients (427 Turkoman and 175 non-Turkoman) from this high-risk region
      were interviewed for a family history of cancer, particularly cancer of the
      esophagus. Family members were identified as being related by blood or marriage,
      and the occurrence of esophageal cancer was compared between these two groups.
      The expected number of cases among blood affines to relatives by marriage has
      been determined by a formula which takes into consideration several social and
      ethnic factors; specifically, average family size, the proportion of first cousin
      marriages and the likelihood of aunts and uncles by marriage also being related
      by blood. One hundred ninety-nine (47%) of the Turkoman patients in the high-risk
      area reported a positive family history of esophageal cancer, ranging from 1 to 7
      cases in a given family, and involving a total of 299 individuals suffering from
      the disease of which 244 (82%) were related by blood and only 55 (18%) by
      marriage. The overall ratio of blood to marriage relatives was 4.4. Forty-six
      Turkoman patients also indicated that a total of 62 relatives suffered from
      another cancer, of which 54 (87%) were related by marriage as opposed to only 8
      (13%) who were blood affines. Among non-Turkoman (low-risk population) esophageal
      cancer patients, only 4 (2%) had a total of 5 relatives with the same disease, of
      whom 2 were by blood and the remaining 3 by marriage. The ratio of blood
      relatives to relatives by marriage for this group is 0.6, whereas the
      corresponding figure among the Turkoman population is 4.4. It is evident that
      there is a familial history of esophageal cancer among this high-risk, ethnic
      population in the Caspian Littoral.

PMID- 4027938
TI  - Gastric carcinoma in the West Indies: a Trinidad study.
AB  - Gastric carcinoma, the commonest cause of death from malignant disease in
      Trinidad, has decreased steadily over the period 1968-1977. Of the 1052 deaths
      during this time, females accounted for a relatively high percentage (45%) of
      cases. There is a predominance of antral tumors, and most cases present with very
      advanced disease (88% with Stage III & IV). This results in a low resectability
      rate (32%). Its racial predilection for blacks of the lower income group suggests
      that both genetic and environmental factors may be important. The possible role
      of dietary factors is discussed.

PMID- 4027939
TI  - Diagnostic delay in symptomatic colorectal cancer.
AB  - Previous research on colorectal cancer patients has suggested that considerable
      delay can occur once the patient has sought medical care. However, little
      information has been available on the possible components of this delay. In this
      study, detailed information on diagnostic delays was collected from 294
      symptomatic patients. Of these patients, 46% reported experiencing at least one
      delay. Three types of diagnostic delay were identified and were associated with
      different lengths of delay. Of all the delays, 31% were due to difficulties in
      scheduling initial or subsequent office visits or laboratory tests; these were
      associated with an average delay of 3 weeks. Physician-related delays (e.g.,
      misdiagnosis or observation of symptoms without specific action) comprised 46% of
      all diagnostic delays and resulted in an average delay of 18 weeks. The remainder
      of the delays were patient-related and resulted in an average delay of 12 weeks.
      There was no association between any of these three delay types, suggesting that
      attempts to reduce diagnostic delay should encompass all three types in order to
      be maximally effective.

PMID- 4027940
TI  - Multiple myeloma and family history of cancer. A case-control study.
AB  - A hospital-based case-control study was done to examine the hypothesis that
      persons with a family history of multiple myeloma (MM) or other cancers are at
      increased risk of multiple myeloma. Study members were 439 cases of multiple
      myeloma and 1317 matched controls seen at the Duke University Medical Center.
      Only 3 cases and 4 controls reported multiple myeloma in their families. The
      relative risk (RR) was 2.3, but the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.5-10.1,
      allowing no firm conclusion about the risk associated with familial MM. A family
      history of cancer of any type resulted in a relative risk of MM of 1.4 (CI: 1.1
      1.8). This association was strongest (RR = 2.5, CI: 1.1-5.3) among young study
      members (age less than or equal to 49). A family history of hematologic
      malignancy (ICD 200-208) resulted in a RR of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.4-4.0). The data also
      suggested that a family history of lung cancer, breast cancer, and genitourinary
      cancer may be associated with increased risk of myeloma in older persons.

PMID- 4027941
TI  - Paraplegia in children with malignant teratoma.
AB  - Two young children presenting with paraplegia secondary to epidural tumors were
      found to have unresectable malignant teratomas. Following partial resection and
      aggressive chemotherapy, both patients have done extremely well with
      disappearance of all disease and dramatic improvement in neurologic function. It
      is suggested that children with spinal cord compression might have a much better
      prognosis for recovery of neurologic function than adults. A treatment approach
      utilizing chemotherapy as the primary mode of therapy is discussed.

PMID- 4027942
TI  - Surgical treatment of punctal-canalicular fibrosis from 5-fluorouracil therapy.
AB  - 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been reported to cause punctal-canalicular fibrosis
      with resultant severe epiphora. It is reported that the epiphora will often
      resolve when treatment ceases or is decreased. However, this report describes a
      case of punctal-canalicular fibrosis so severe that bilateral
      conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomies were necessary. This has not been previously
      reported to the best of the authors' knowledge. It is recommended that ophthalmic
      consultation be obtained for patients in whom long-term 5-FU therapy is
      anticipated or who develop tearing while on therapy.

PMID- 4027943
TI  - Thymidylate synthetase of human lymphocytes augmented in vitro by methotrexate.
AB  - The addition of methotrexate to the assay system of thymidylate synthetase caused
      a reduction in the activity of the enzyme but addition of methotrexate to the
      culture of phytohemagglutinin stimulated normal human lymphocytes caused an
      increase in the activity of the enzyme which was abolished by the addition of
      actinomycin D or cycloheximide. These studies suggest that the antimetabolite
      augmented the enzyme activity by modulating the gene for the enzyme. This
      modulation of the gene could have been achieved by the thymineless state brought
      about by methotrexate or the antimetabolite could have affected gene reodont or
      brought about amplification of the gene. The results of the nucleoside
      incorporation were consistent with a thymidylate synthetase block; however, other
      explanations are offered.

PMID- 4027944
TI  - Relative roles of K region and bay region towards determining the carcinogenic
      potencies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
AB  - Using the quantum mechanical MINDO/3 method a bond reactivity index based on
      superdelocalization of electrons in a compound has been formulated in order to
      estimate the relative carcinogenic properties of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons. The values of the index calculated for the K region as well as the
      bay region suggest that a knowledge of the reactivities of both regions is
      necessary for a reasonable estimation of the relative carcinogenic potencies of
      PAHs. However, no direct relationship between the two reactivity indices was
      observed in the calculations. It was found that the results for the bay-region
      reactivity index correlated well with the relative carcinogenic potencies of the
      molecules.

PMID- 4027945
TI  - Agarose gel electrophoretic analysis of damage to supercoiled DNA by adriamycin
      in the presence of beta-NADH dehydrogenase.
AB  - In a cell-free system, the anticancer anthracycline antibiotic adriamycin was
      able to convert purified covalently closed circular, superhelical, form I
      bacteriophage PM2 DNA to relaxed circular form II DNA in the presence of either
      sodium borohydride (NaBH4), NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase or beta-NADH
      dehydrogenase isolated from myocardial cells. There was no detectable increase in
      the amount of form III linear duplex DNA formed during the reaction even at high
      drug concentrations. Less drug was required for the conversion of form I to form
      II DNA in the presence of the enzymic reducing agents than in the presence of
      NaBH4. Form II DNA, prepared by irradiation using a Cs-137 source, was not
      degraded to form III linear duplex DNA. However, form I0 DNA, covalently closed
      circular DNA without superhelical turns, freshly prepared using topoisomerase I,
      was converted to form II DNA similar to the conversion of superhelical form I to
      form II DNA. Again, no increase in the amount of form III linear duplex DNA could
      be detected.

PMID- 4027947
TI  - The efficacy of direct, 24-hour culture, and mitotic synchronization methods for
      cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow in neoplastic hematologic disorders.
AB  - Bone marrow aspirates from 90 patients suspected of having a hematologic disorder
      were processed by using different cytogenetic methods to determine if any
      procedure was more likely to reveal a chromosomally abnormal clone or produce
      better-quality metaphases. All specimens were processed by a direct technique and
      24-hr culture without mitogens; 50 specimens were also processed by an
      amethopterin mitotic synchronization method. In each case, the microscope slides
      were coded by the processing technologist and analyzed by two other experienced
      cytogenetic technologists. The results were not known to any of the investigators
      until all 90 specimens were analyzed. With the exception of one specimen, in
      which a chromosomally abnormal clone was identified only in the direct
      preparation, no apparent differences were found in the karyotypes among the three
      methods. Also, the differences in the quality or number of metaphases found among
      the three methods were not statistically significant; however, 24-hr unstimulated
      cultures produced more metaphases than the mitotic synchronization procedure. The
      greatest source of discordance was caused by one test yielding either no
      metaphases or an uncertain result when the other tests produced a successful
      study. We suggest that in routine practice at least two different methods should
      be used, and it may be best if at least one of these methods is a direct
      technique.

PMID- 4027946
TI  - Interrelationships and metabolic effects of fatty acids in the perfused rat liver
      at hyperthermic temperatures.
AB  - Livers of fasted rats were perfused for 70 min at 37 degrees-43 degrees C in the
      presence or absence of acetate, octanoate or palmitate. Hepatic biosynthetic
      capacity was assessed by measuring rates of gluconeogenesis, ureogenesis,
      ketogenesis and O2 consumption. In the presence of each fatty acid,
      gluconeogenesis, ureogenesis and oxygen consumption were maintained at 37 degrees
      and 42 degrees C. At 43 degrees, the rate of glucose formation decreased markedly
      and rates of ureogenesis and oxygen consumption were distinctly lower. As the
      temperature was increased from 37 degrees to 43 degrees C without fatty acids,
      i.e. albumin only, there was a progressive decrease in the rate of
      gluconeogenesis while the ratio of net C3 utilized to glucose formed, increased
      successively. The values of this ratio in the presence of palmitate or octanoate
      at 43 degrees were smaller than those for albumin or acetate, but higher than the
      figure of 2 for complete conversion of C3 units to glucose. Although fatty acid
      was added in equimolar amounts of C2 units, total ketone formation was influenced
      significantly by chain length. Hepatic ketogenesis was similar at 37 degrees with
      albumin, palmitate, or acetate, but was stimulated significantly by octanoate at
      37 degrees and 42 degrees C. At 42 degrees, ketone formation increased in the
      presence of palmitate. At 43 degrees C, ketogenesis with palmitate or octanoate
      decreased, while that with acetate or albumin was maintained at the same lower
      rates. The ratio of 3-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate in the perfusate was
      increased with palmitate at the end of perfusion at 37 degrees and 42 degrees C
      or octanoate at 42 degrees and 43 degrees C. Thus, long (palmitate)- and medium
      (octanoate)- but not short (acetate)-chain fatty acids enhance not only beta
      oxidation, but influence the redox state of hepatic mitochondria with an increase
      in the state of reduction of the pyridine nucleotides. Such a shift in the redox
      state would be operable in the perfused liver even at 43 degrees C and may be
      responsible for improved conversion of lactate to glucose when medium- or long
      chain fatty acids are present at hyperthermic temperatures.

PMID- 4027948
TI  - Constitutional C-band pattern in patients with adenomatosis of the colon and
      rectum.
AB  - The pattern of polymorphism in the C-band-positive constitutive heterochromatin
      of chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 was studied in fibroblasts from 23 unrelated
      patients with adenomatosis of the colon and rectum and in peripheral lymphocytes
      from 78 control persons. The parameters of the heterochromatic regions analyzed
      were relative size, symmetry-asymmetry within homologous chromosome pairs, and
      frequency of inversions. The polyposis coli patients had a significantly higher
      frequency (p less than 0.05) of partial and total heterochromatin inversion on
      chromosome #9 than the control group (37.0% compared with 21.8%). In the other
      parameters studied, no significant differences were found between patients and
      controls.

PMID- 4027949
TI  - C-band heteromorphism in breast cancer patients.
AB  - The pattern of heteromorphism in the C-band-positive constitutive heterochromatin
      of human chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 was studied in peripheral lymphocytes of 54
      breast cancer patients and 78 control individuals. The parameters of the
      heterochromatic regions analyzed were relative size, symmetry-asymmetry within
      homologous pairs, and prevalence of inversions. Significant differences between
      the two groups were found in C-band size of chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 and in
      incidence of inversions on chromosomes #1 and #9. Significant differences were
      noted between premenopausal and postmenopausal cancer patients in regard to
      inversions on chromosome #9 and between familial and sporadic patients in regard
      to C-band size on chromosome #16.

PMID- 4027950
TI  - Double minutes in the HeLa cell line.
AB  - Metaphase preparations of three sublines of the HeLa line showed the presence of
      double minutes (DM) in varying frequencies. In two sublines (S3 and TCH-3753),
      the size of the DM was variable, whereas in the Fe-1000 subline, they were
      uniform. Giemsa banding preparations revealed typical HeLa marker chromosomes in
      all sublines.

PMID- 4027951
TI  - Uptake of 2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide (tiazofurin) and analogues
      by the facilitated transport mechanism of erythrocytes.
AB  - Tiazofurin (TR), a new antitumor agent, enters human erythrocytes by utilizing
      their facilitated nucleoside transport system. TR competes with endogenous
      nucleosides for this transport mechanism, thereby reducing nucleoside uptake into
      the cells. Pre-incubation of erythrocytes for 10 min at 22 degrees C with 100
      microM and 500 microM TR reduced the transport of 14C-uridine into the cells by
      27% and 74%, respectively. Simultaneous exposure of cells to TR and [14C]uridine
      did not alter the inhibitory effect of TR. Furthermore, the transport inhibitory
      effect of TR was lost when cells were washed twice with Hanks basal salt solution
      following a 10-min pre-incubation with TR. The Km and Vmax (+/- S.E.) for
      radiolabeled TR transport into erythrocytes are 170 +/- 26 microM and 55 +/- 13
      nmol/h per 10(6) cells, respectively, which is similar to the kinetic constants
      measured for uridine transport into erythrocytes (Km = 168 +/- 37 microM and Vmax
      = 61 +/- 16 nmol/h per 10(6) cells). The Ki (+/- S.E.) of TR for uridine
      transport is 178 +/- 11 microM and for thymidine transport is 102 +/- 59 microM.
      Three analogues of TR (its selenium isostere (SR), and Ara (Ara-TR) and Xylo
      (Xylo-TR) derivatives) were compared with TR for their ability to compete with
      and inhibit uridine transport, as these analogues were not available in a
      radiolabeled form for direct measurement of their transport into the cell. SR had
      similar kinetic characteristics of inhibition of uridine transport to TR (Ki =
      145 +/- 15 microM) but Ara-TR had a Ki = 1.04 +/- 0.13 mM while Xylo-TR inhibited
      uridine transport with a Ki = 1.57 +/- 0.67 mM. Thus, TR is transported into
      erythrocytes with the same velocity and affinity for the carrier as uridine and
      competitively inhibits nucleoside transport into the cell. Of 3 other C
      nucleoside derivatives examined, SR is of similar potency to TR but Ara-TR and
      Xylo-TR are much less effective at competing with uridine for the nucleoside
      transporter.

PMID- 4027952
TI  - Photocytotoxicity in vivo of haematoporphyrin derivative components.
AB  - Phototoxicity of haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and some of its component
      porphyrins was assayed using Lewis Lung Carcinoma transplanted in C57BL mice.
      Skin photosensitivity was assessed by measuring percentage increase in footpad
      thickness after exposure to light. HPD and its aggregate fraction photosensitised
      the skin, was active in tumour destruction and caused fluorescence in the tumour
      while the non-aggregate fraction and pure haematoporphyrin were inactive, both in
      treatment of tumours and in sensitising the skin. The commercial product,
      Photofrin II was also photoactive and protoporphyrin was slightly active. It is
      concluded that the therapeutic activity of HPD is associated entirely with the
      aggregate fraction and compounds effective in tumour phototherapy also sensitise
      the skin.

PMID- 4027953
TI  - Dose-dependent persistence of alkylation-induced single stranded regions in rat
      liver DNA in vivo.
AB  - Single stranded regions in DNA, presumed to be indicative of DNA repair, may be
      readily detected in rat liver DNA following injections of non-necrotizing single
      doses of methyl methanesulfonate, dimethylnitrosamine and diethylnitrosamine. The
      present study concerns persistence of such structural defects in vivo, as
      determined by benzoylated DEAE-cellulose chromatography, in relation to the dose
      of alkylating agent. For all these agents, the period during which structural
      damage may be detected is markedly dependent upon dose: prolonged persistence
      only occurs after the highest dose. The findings, in relation to other data,
      implicate reaction processes involving the final stages of repair as being
      critical to prolongation of this type of genomic damage in vivo.

PMID- 4027954
TI  - Malic enzyme and malate dehydrogenase activities in rat tracheal epithelial cells
      during the progression of neoplasia.
AB  - Malic enzyme and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities were radiometrically
      assayed in digitonin fractionated normal primary cultures (NPC), preneoplastic
      selected primary cultures (SPC) and tumor-derived primary cultures (TPC) of rat
      tracheal epithelial cells. Carcinogen-altered SPC and TPC selectively grow in the
      absence of pyruvate, which is required by NPC for survival. Mitochondrial
      containing particulate fractions from TPC and especially SPC had markedly higher
      levels of NADP+-dependent malic enzyme than NPC in the presence or absence of
      pyruvate. This suggests that induction of mitochondrial malic enzyme activity
      occurs early in the progression of neoplasia. Malic enzyme activities in the
      soluble fractions from the various populations were not distinctly different. In
      contrast, particulate-bound MDH activity was higher in NPC and SPC than TPC in
      most cases, indicating a decrease in this enzyme late in tumorigenesis.

PMID- 4027955
TI  - Selenocystine is not a cystine antimetabolite in L1210 cells.
AB  - Selenocystine inhibited the growth in culture of murine L1210 leukemia cells to a
      greater extent when the cells were supplemented with a high concentration of
      cystine for optimal growth. Cells which grew suboptimally in a limiting cystine
      concentration were inhibited to a lesser extent. In this case, the time of onset
      of selenocystine inhibition coincided with the time of termination of growth at
      the lower cystine concentration. These observations are contrary to expectation
      for action of an antimetabolite, and it is concluded that selenocystine cannot be
      considered a cystine antagonist.

PMID- 4027956
TI  - The effects of the B16 malignant melanoma on induced inflammatory responses in
      host mice: inhibition of macrophage exudation.
AB  - C57BL6 mice were injected with B16F1 or B16F10 cells and granulocyte- or
      macrophage-rich inflammatory responses were subsequently induced. Analysis of
      cell yields showed that the percentages of macrophages in the inflammatory
      exudates of tumour-bearing animals were significantly depressed. No significant
      changes were noted, however, in the levels of granulocytes in peritoneal exudates
      from tumour-bearing mice when compared to appropriate controls. In parallel
      studies, the levels of resident macrophages and granulocytes following lavage of
      non-stimulated peritoneal cavities of mice with and without tumours were
      monitored as were the levels of blood monocytes and leukocytes. No consistently
      significant changes were noted in the levels of blood leukocytes or monocytes in
      normal or tumour-bearing animals. Furthermore, no consistently significant
      changes were found in the percentages of granulocytes normally resident in the
      peritoneal cavities of mice with or without the B16 melanoma. It was found,
      however, that the percentages of resident macrophages in mice bearing the B16
      malignant melanoma were significantly depressed relative to those found in normal
      animals.

PMID- 4027957
TI  - DNA flow cytometry in human testicular cancer.
AB  - DNA flow cytometry revealed aneuploid tumour stemlines in 19 of 20 primary
      testicular cancers without significant difference of the ploidy values between
      seminomas and non-seminomas. In 7 of 8 analyzable histograms the S-phase activity
      was 22-51%. A metastatic mature teratoma had 6% cells in S-phase. These results
      support the clinical observation that testicular cancer is usually a rapidly
      growing human tumour. The high percentage of aneuploidy in testicular cancer may
      be of clinical value in the diagnosis of this malignancy.

PMID- 4027958
TI  - Antitumor effect of 6-phenyl-7(6H)-isoselenazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidone on the growth
      of Ehrlich ascites tumor.
AB  - Two selenium compounds have a strong antitumor effect on Ehrlich ascites tumor; 6
      phenyl-7(6H)-isoselenazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidone (ISP) especially, markedly inhibited
      the growth of tumor inoculated i.p. in mice, inducing almost complete regression
      of tumors at doses of 100 micrograms/mouse per day X 10 with no sign of toxicity.
      The antitumor activity of 4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-5-phenyl-6H-pyrazolo [4,5
      c]isoselenazole(PIS) was weaker than that of ISP. The total lipid and
      phospholipid contents in the tumor cells treated with ISP were significantly
      decreased. In addition, the fatty acid pattern of cholesterol esters,
      phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine from the ISP-treated Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells differed markedly from that of the corresponding lipids from
      the control tumor cells.

PMID- 4027959
TI  - Zeranol (beta-resorcylic acid lactone), a common residous component of natural
      foodstuffs, stimulates developmental growth of the mouse mammary gland.
AB  - ICR mice ovariectomized at 6 weeks of age were divided into 5 groups and injected
      s.c. daily for 20 days with: (1) 0.9% NaCl solution containing 0.1 mg/ml gum
      arabic (controls); (2) zeranol (Z) (1.0 microgram/day); (3) progesterone (P) (1.0
      mg/day); (4) Z + P or (5) 17 beta-estradiol (1.0 microgram/day) + P (E + P).
      Mammary gland (no. 4, inguinal) growth was assessed by analysis of mammae wet
      weight, dry fat free weight, DNA content and mammae whole mount evaluation.
      Administration of Z, alone or in combination with P, increased all 4 measures of
      mammary growth (P less than 0.05). The combination of Z + P was highly
      mammogenic, with mammary wet weight, dry weight and DNA content comparable to
      that obtained with E + P. Mammae development scores of Z + P treated mice were
      only slightly less than those from E + P treated mice. The mammary glands of Z
      treated mice had increased duct number (branching) and thickening. The glands of
      Z + P treated mice had extensive duct branching with occasional lobule-alveolar
      development. These data indicate that Z, alone or in combination with P, is an
      effective mammogen possessing mammogenic properties similar to the potent natural
      estrogen 17 beta-estradiol.

PMID- 4027960
TI  - In vitro transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells by chlorinated ethanes and ethylenes.
AB  - Eight chlorinated ethanes and 3 chlorinated ethylenes were tested in the BALB/c
      3T3 cell transformation assay. Under the conditions of the assay, vinyl chloride
      and 1,1,1-trichloroethane induced a clear positive transformation response while
      1,1,2-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene were weakly positive. Chloroethane,
      1,1- and 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1,2- and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane,
      hexachloroethane and tetrachloroethylene were all negative in the assay conducted
      in the absence of an exogenous metabolic activation system. These results suggest
      that the BALB/c-3T3 cells possess capability to activate some, but not all, of
      the chlorinated hydrocarbons which exhibit species specificity in producing
      carcinogenicity in mice but not in rats.

PMID- 4027961
TI  - Depletion of extracellular cysteine with hydroxocobalamin and ascorbate in
      experimental murine cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - Treatment of mice bearing P388 lymphocytic leukemia with combined
      hydroxocobalamin (0.1 mmol/kg) and sodium ascorbate (1.0 mmol/kg) for 10
      consecutive days resulted in 70% increase in survival. Treatment with
      dehydroascorbate (1.0 mmol/kg) similarly increased survival. The extended
      treatment for 15 days posttumor inoculation failed to improve survival as did
      lowering the tumor inocula from 10(6) to 10(4) cells in similarly treated mice.
      P388 cells in primary culture with cystine as a source of cysteine require
      exogenous thiols or disulfides for growth and also grow with cysteine but only
      when trace copper is sequestered with bathocuproine sulfonate. This is due to the
      copper catalyzed oxidation of cysteine to cystine, which these cells cannot
      utilize. Cells grew in medium preincubated for 8 h with cysteine and
      bathocuproine sulfonate, but lysed when the preincubated medium included
      hydroxocobalamin (10 microM) and sodium ascorbate (100 microM). This defect was
      corrected by resupplementation with cysteine or cystine plus bishydroxyethyl
      disulfide after addition of the cells. Further support for cysteine depletion as
      a factor in therapy is obtained by therapeutic interference with 4-thiamethionine
      (25 mumol/kg). This mixed disulfide of cysteine and methyl mercaptan enters cells
      as a methionine analogue, is reduced to supply cysteine, and thus withstands the
      oxidative environment that limits the utilization of cysteine as a nutrient.
      These results suggest that dehydroascorbate is generated from combined
      hydroxocobalamin and ascorbate and accounts for the thiol-prive activity of
      combined hydroxocobalamin and ascorbate therapy. The ultimate failure of therapy
      by thiol oxidation may be due to the increased availability of cysteine produced
      by host tissues, possibly infiltrating macrophages, that occurs independently of
      extended treatment and the size of the tumor inoculum.

PMID- 4027962
TI  - Characterization of L1210 cell growth inhibition by the bacterial iron chelators
      parabactin and compound II.
AB  - Microbial siderophores represent a class of iron chelators characterized by their
      high affinity (i.e., formation constants, greater than 10(40) M) for ferric iron.
      Previously, we demonstrated that the bacterial siderophores, N-[3-(2,3
      dihydroxybenzamido)propyl]-N-[4-(2, 3-dihydroxybenzamino)butryl]-2-(2
      hydroxyphenyl) trans-5-methyloxazoline-4-carboxamide (Parabactin) and N1,N8
      bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)spermidine (Compound II), inhibit the growth of L1210
      cells and the replication of DNA (but not RNA) viruses at low micromolar
      concentrations (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 121: 848-854, 1984). The basis
      for this antiproliferative effect on L1210 cells has now been investigated
      further. Onset of growth inhibition induced by 5 microM Parabactin occurs much
      earlier than with an equimolar concentration of Compound II but, once established
      by either chelator, inhibition appears to be irreversible. Growth inhibition was
      fully preventable with exogenous FeCl3 when given at the same time as the
      chelators. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a G1-S cycle block following
      treatment for 4 h with either 5 microM Parabactin or 30 microM Compound II. The
      block was readily reversed with exogenous FeCl3, allowing cells to progress to
      mid-S phase by 3 h and to G1 again by 9 h. Thereafter, cells accumulated at a
      second block located at S phase. The treatment conditions required for the
      initial cell cycle block (at 4 h) were adapted for subsequent studies.
      Clonogenicity of L1210 cells in soft agar following a 4-h exposure was reduced to
      22% of control by 5 microM Parabactin and to 16% by 30 microM Compound II.
      Neither growth inhibition in suspension culture nor decreased clonogenicity in
      soft agar could be reversed with exogenous iron, following treatment with the
      chelators. Both chelators caused an early and significant decrease in
      [14C]thymidine incorporation over the 4-h period (50% inhibitory concentration at
      4 h, 0.4 microM for Parabactin and 6.0 microM for Compound II). [3H]Uridine
      incorporation was inhibited later than [14C]thymidine and to a much lesser
      extent, while [3H]leucine incorporation was not significantly affected. Treatment
      of cells with 5 microM Parabactin or Compound II for 4 h decreased deoxy
      adenosine triphosphate pools by 38 and 70%, respectively, and increased
      deoxythymidine triphosphate pools by 67 and 36%, respectively, suggesting
      interference with ribonucleotide reductase. Indeed, extracts of cells treated for
      4 h with either 5 microM Parabactin or 30 microM Compound II exhibit a 97 to 98%
      decrease in cytidine-5'-diphosphate reductase activity compared to control,
      whereas DNA polymerase was elevated slightly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4027963
TI  - Effect of gastrin on gastric mucosal cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      dependent protein kinase activity in rat stomach carcinogenesis induced by N
      methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - This was a study of the effects of gastrin on gastric mucosal cyclic-adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase activity and DNA synthesis in
      rat stomach carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
      in order to clarify the mechanism of the enhanced effect of gastrin on the early
      stage of stomach carcinogenesis. Inbred Basel-Wistar rats received MNNG in
      drinking water (50 micrograms/ml for 32 weeks) and were treated with s.c.
      injections of pentagastrin (300 micrograms/kg twice daily for 4 weeks) beginning
      with the fourth and eighth weeks after the initiation of MNNG treatment. The
      incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma in fourth-week gastrin-treated rats and of
      gastric carcinoid in eighth-week gastrin-treated rats was higher than that in
      rats treated with MNNG alone. The former tumors developed in the antrum and most
      of the latter tumors in the fundus. In the early stage of carcinogenesis the
      labeling index [( 3H]thymidine-labeled nuclei/one gland) in both the antrum and
      fundus was the same in MNNG-plus-gastrin-treated groups and in the MNNG-only
      treated group. With regard to the distribution of cAMP-dependent protein kinase
      isoenzyme in fourth-week gastrin-treated rats, the proportion of type I cAMP
      dependent protein kinase significantly increased in the antrum during the eighth
      week after the initiation of MNNG treatment (P less than 0.01). The increased
      type I activity in the antrum of the gastrin-treated rats agreed with the high
      incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma in the antrum. Type I isoenzyme clearly
      increased in gastric adenocarcinoma. These results suggest that type I cAMP
      dependent protein kinase can play an important role in the enhanced effect of
      gastrin on rat stomach carcinogenesis induced by MNNG.

PMID- 4027964
TI  - Modulation of repair of O6-methylguanine in parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver
      cells of rats treated with dimethylnitrosamine.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that chronic treatment of rats with
      dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) (2 mg/kg for 3 weeks) results in increased repair of O6
      methylguanine (O6-mGua) in liver DNA. The experiments reported here try to
      determine if this increased repair is confined to one or more cell populations of
      the liver. Liver cells [parenchymal (PC) and nonparenchymal (NPC)] were separated
      by elutriation centrifugation at various times after the last administration of
      DMN. The in vivo alkylation studies show that at any time after a dose of
      [14C]DMN (2 mg/kg) the level of O6-mGua in PC cells of DMN pretreated rats was
      much lower than in the same cell population from control rats receiving only a
      single dose of DMN. In contrast, the pretreatment schedule resulted in no change
      in the levels of this DNA adduct in NPC cells. These results were confirmed by
      the determination of the levels of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine by radioimmunoassay in
      DNA from PC or NPC cells of rats similarly either pretreated for 3 weeks with DMN
      or receiving a single dose of DMN (2 mg/kg). The in vitro measurements of O6-mGua
      DNA alkyltransferase activity, using alkylated DNA as substrate, also show a
      higher activity of this repair enzyme in PC cells. The DMN pretreatment resulted
      in a 25-fold difference in O6-mGua DNA alkyltransferase activity between the two
      cell populations of the liver.

PMID- 4027965
TI  - In vivo augmentation of rat lung natural killer cell activity and inhibition of
      experimental metastases by double-stranded polynucleotides.
AB  - The in vivo effect on natural killer cell activity of the compound rln X r(C12 X
      U)m, a mismatched nontoxic analogue of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [rln X
      rCn], was tested in inbred Wistar AG rats by measuring the natural killer cell
      activity of lymphocytes freshly isolated from lung capillaries. Lysis was
      measured in a 4-h chromium release assay using YAC-1 or syngeneic P77 lung tumor
      cells as target. Treatment of an animal with rln X r(C12 X U)n substantially
      enhanced natural killer cell activity to an extent comparable to the increase
      produced by rln X rCn. This boosting of natural killer activity was correlated
      closely with a decrease in the incidence of experimental pulmonary metastasis.
      However, the beneficial effect lasted for only a short period after stimulation,
      due to the transient nature of double stranded polynucleotide enhancement and to
      the concomitantly rapid extravasation of tumor cells into the lung parenchyma. It
      is concluded that natural killer cells are important in host defense against
      circulating tumor cells and can be boosted by nontoxic mismatched double stranded
      polynucleotides.

PMID- 4027966
TI  - Relationships of prostaglandin E and natural killer sensitivity to metastatic
      potential in murine mammary adenocarcinomas.
AB  - The levels of two prostaglandins (prostaglandins E and F) have been determined in
      a series of murine mammary lesions ranging from preneoplastic, hyperplastic
      alveolar nodules to highly metastatic adenocarcinomas. A highly positive
      correlation was seen between high levels of prostaglandin E and high
      tumorigenicity and metastatic potential. In addition, spontaneous metastasis of
      two highly metastatic tumors was partially inhibited by p.o. administration of
      indomethacin from the time of s.c. tumor transplantation until removal of the
      primary tumor at a limited size. Further, mammary tumor cells of differing
      metastatic potential were susceptible to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
      activated spleen lymphocytes in vitro. Cells of metastatic tumor lines (410.4 and
      66) were more resistant to killing than were cells of two non-metastatic tumor
      lines (168 and 410). The sensitivity of all target cells was increased when
      endogenous prostaglandin synthesis was prevented by the addition of indomethacin
      (1 microM) but was not affected by the lipoxygenase inhibitor
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid.

PMID- 4027967
TI  - Mechanism of estrogen enhancement in the growth of androgen-dependent Shionogi
      carcinoma 115.
AB  - The mechanism of estrogen enhancement in the growth of androgen-dependent
      Shionogi carcinoma 115 (SC115) maintained in castrated DS mice by low doses of
      androgen (10 micrograms of testosterone propionate or 4 micrograms of 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone/mouse/day) is reported. Although the low androgen treatment
      slightly but significantly (P less than 0.05) stimulated tumor growth,
      concomitant estrogen (4 micrograms of 17 beta-estradiol/mouse/day) significantly
      (P less than 0.01) enhanced the tumor growth. The high growth rate, histological
      type (medullary carcinoma), androgen dependency, and high androgen receptor
      content of the tumor grown during estrogen plus low androgen treatment did not
      differ significantly from those of the original SC115 tumor grown in normal males
      or in castrated mice treated with high doses of androgen. On the other hand, the
      treatment with low doses of androgen alone induced the development of slowly
      growing spindle-shaped cells from the medullary SC115 cells. The spindle-shaped
      cells containing low levels of androgen receptor were shown to be androgen
      independent and were also induced from the SC115 cells in nontreated castrated
      mice. These findings demonstrated that low doses of androgen and estrogen
      synergize to maintain and increase the growth of SC115 cells, whereas low doses
      of androgen alone fail to maintain the SC115 cells.

PMID- 4027968
TI  - Thermal sensitivity to single and double heat treatments in normal canine liver.
AB  - The treatment of intrahepatic or perihepatic neoplasms by hyperthermia may be
      limited by the thermal sensitivity of normal liver tissue. To establish the
      temperature dependence of hepatic toxicity, eight canine liver lobes were exposed
      to a single 30-min dose of localized hyperthermia in the range of 43.0 degrees C
      47.5 degrees C, induced by radiofrequency currents. Four additional liver lobes
      were conditioned with a pretreatment dose of 43.0 degrees C/30 min and challenged
      at either 44.5 degrees C/30 min or 47.5 degrees C/30 min, 4 h later. Temperature
      distributions were measured using implantable thermocouple sensors. Treated areas
      were sampled 28 days later, and liver damage was determined using
      histopathological criteria. Most treated sites showed only modest alterations.
      The parameters of tissue injury that correlated best with dose were: evidence of
      hepatocyte loss; focal fibrosis; and distortion of lobular architecture. Areas of
      necrosis were observed in several samples, but their presence or severity did not
      correlate with dose. Thermal damage to liver capsule, liver lobules, portal
      areas, and central veins did not exhibit monotonic dose-response relationships.
      The data do not demonstrate thermotolerance; in fact, they suggest, although do
      not prove, its absence. If thermotolerance did not develop, vascular effects
      might explain such a finding.

PMID- 4027969
TI  - N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea potentiation of cytogenetic damage induced by 1,3-bis(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea in normal human lymphocytes.
AB  - DNA repair of O6-alkylguanine by O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (O6-AT) may
      be crucial in modulating the extent of cytogenetic damage induced by 1,3-bis(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an important anticancer chemotherapeutic
      agent. To test this idea we treated normal human lymphocytes for 1 h with
      methylnitrosourea (MNU), which inactivates O6-AT, and then treated them for 1 h
      with BCNU. The result was a synergistic increase in the number of sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations induced. BCNU-induced SCEs
      were potentiated 1.4- to 2.5-fold in MNU-pretreated cultures. Pretreatment of
      lymphocytes with MNU resulted in a 4- to 28-fold increase in the number of BCNU
      induced chromatid aberrations. The enhancement of both SCEs and aberrations
      induced was MNU-dose dependent. Treatment of lymphocytes with MNU alone did not
      affect cell cycle progression, suggesting that MNU does not influence the extent
      of BCNU-induced cytogenetic damage by selecting highly damaged cells through
      alterations in lymphocyte proliferation kinetics. The potentiation of SCE and
      aberration induction by pretreatment with MNU is postulated to be due to
      inhibition of O6-AT. This inhibition would permit the formation and persistence
      of BCNU-induced O6-(2-chloroethyl)guanine monoadducts, which can undergo
      subsequent reactions to form DNA cross-links. In humans variations in O6-AT
      resulting from acute alkylation exposure or genetic deficiency may be important
      in modulating the genotoxic effects of BCNU.

PMID- 4027970
TI  - Metabolic fate of liposomal phosphatidylinositol in murine tumor cells:
      implications for the mechanism of tumor cell cytotoxicity.
AB  - The mechanism of the previously reported cytotoxicity of liposomes containing
      plant phosphatidylinositol (PI) against numerous tumor cell lines was examined in
      detail by using liposomes containing synthetic PI specifically labeled either
      with radioactive myo-inositol, or in the sn-2 position with radioactive linoleic
      acid, oleic acid, or arachidonic acid. The uptake of liposomal PI by N4TG1
      neuroblastoma cells increased with time and was dependent on the nature of the
      fatty acids. Uptake was highest with liposomal PI containing linoleic acid
      followed by arachidonic acid and then by oleic acid. The cellular fate of
      liposomal PI was determined by analysis of radioactive metabolites present in
      extracts of tumor cell lipids. Appearance of liposomal PI metabolic products in
      the tumor cells was correlated with thymidine uptake as a measure of viability.
      After 3 h incubation of cells with PI liposomes it was found that the release of
      both radioactive liposomal fatty acids (and probably also lyso-Pl) and
      radioactive diglycerides was correlated inversely with the cellular uptake of
      [methyl-3H]thymidine and uptake of [3H]myoinositol. An experiment in which
      liposomes were prepared both from animal Pl which contained predominantly
      saturated fatty acids in the sn-2 position and an increasing mole fraction of a
      synthetic Pl containing radioactive linoleic acid in the sn-2 position
      established that the amount of Pl containing linoleic acid in the sn-2 position
      could be correlated with a decrease in the amount of thymidine uptake by tumor
      cells. The above results clearly established that phospholipases A2 and C in the
      tumor cells were responsible for the formation of metabolites of liposomal Pl,
      and these metabolic products might have been responsible for cytotoxicity and
      cell death.

PMID- 4027971
TI  - Chromosome damage induced by vinyl acetate through in vitro formation of
      acetaldehyde in human lymphocytes and Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - A 48-h treatment with vinyl acetate (0.05-1 mM) induced a drastic increase in
      sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and (in first division cells) structural
      chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes. The effects were more
      pronounced in cultures of isolated lymphocytes than in whole-blood cultures. A
      distinct dose-dependent induction of SCEs similarly occurred in Chinese hamster
      ovary cells after a 24-h vinyl acetate treatment (0.125-1 mM). A pulse treatment
      of Chinese hamster ovary cells for 4 h also yielded a clear increase in SCEs, but
      at higher concentrations (0.3-5 mM). The presence of rat liver S9 mix enhanced
      the SCE-inducing effect of vinyl acetate in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Gas
      chromatographic analysis of human whole-blood lymphocyte cultures treated for 10
      s-20 min with vinyl acetate (5.4 mM) revealed a rapid degradation of vinyl
      acetate and formation of acetaldehyde. During the 20-min observation period, no
      degradation of vinyl acetate or formation of acetaldehyde were observed in
      complete culture medium without blood, which suggested that the reaction was
      enzymatic. Acetaldehyde induced SCEs in human whole-blood lymphocyte cultures at
      concentrations (0.125-2 mM) comparable to those used for vinyl acetate. The
      results indicate that vinyl acetate induces chromosome damage in cell cultures
      through enzyme-mediated hydrolysis to acetaldehyde.

PMID- 4027972
TI  - Synergistic interaction between hydroquinone and acetaldehyde in the induction of
      sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes in vitro.
AB  - Hydroquinone, a metabolite of benzene, and acetaldehyde, a metabolite of ethanol,
      induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) at relatively high concentrations.
      Because both compounds are reported to form glutathione conjugates, experiments
      were carried out to see if there was a synergistic effect when lower
      concentrations of both chemicals were added to human lymphocyte cultures.
      Hydroquinone (40 microM) increased SCEs in some individuals but not in others.
      However, the rate of SCE was more than doubled when cells were pretreated with
      diethyl maleate, which transiently depletes cellular glutathione. Acetaldehyde by
      itself increased SCEs at 100 microM, but it increased SCEs at 1 microM in the
      presence of diethyl maleate. When various concentrations of acetaldehyde were
      added to cultures containing 40 microM hydroquinone, synergism in the induction
      of SCEs was observed. The lowest effective concentration of acetaldehyde varied
      among individuals from 1 to 100 microM. These observations suggest that
      glutathione is involved in the detoxification of hydroquinone and acetaldehyde in
      lymphocytes and that the simultaneous presence of both chemicals may saturate
      this mechanism and thus increase their genotoxic potency. Genetic differences in
      glutathione metabolism may govern the concentration of acetaldehyde at which
      synergism occurs in different individuals.

PMID- 4027973
TI  - Association of DNA strand breaks with accelerated terminal differentiation in
      mouse epidermal cells exposed to tumor promoters.
AB  - We have studied the appearance of single strand breaks (SSB) in DNA of mouse
      keratinocytes exposed in vitro to various tumor promoters. Mouse basal
      keratinocytes were selectively cultured in low calcium medium, prelabeled with
      [14C]thymidine, exposed to test agents, and SSB quantified by alkaline elution.
      12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) caused a dose-dependent (10(-9)-10(-7)
      M) increase in SSB after 24 h but not after shorter exposures. DNA containing TPA
      induced SSB was found only in cells which had detached from the culture plate as
      a consequence of TPA-induced terminal differentiation. Attached cells, resistant
      to the differentiation-inducing effects of TPA, had the low level of SSB found in
      DNA from vehicle-treated control cells. Attached cells were resistant to the
      formation of SSB and to induced differentiation when reexposed to TPA. Other
      tumor-promoting phorbol esters, mezerein and retinyl phorbol acetate, also
      produced SSB in detached cells, whereas phorbol or resiniferatoxin caused neither
      SSB or cell detachment. Retinoic acid, which blocks the induction of
      differentiation by TPA, inhibited the production of SSB by TPA; however,
      fluocinolone acetonide, chymostatin, catalase, or superoxide dismutase blocked
      neither TPA-induced SSB nor terminal differentiation. Epidermal cell lines
      resistant to TPA-induced differentiation were also resistant to SSB production by
      TPA. Benzoyl peroxide (BP) (10(-4) M) induced SSB in basal keratinocytes within 1
      h, and attached cells showed extensive SSB by 12 h. Retinoic acid had only a
      slight effect on BP-induced SSB, and 1 of 3 TPA-resistant cell lines developed
      SSB when exposed to BP. These results suggest that TPA-induced SSB in epidermal
      cells are an indirect consequence of the induction of terminal differentiation,
      whereas BP produces SSB by a more direct mechanism of DNA damage.

PMID- 4027974
TI  - Tissue nitrogen-sparing effect of high protein diet in mice with or without
      ascites tumor treated with Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase.
AB  - Forty-eight tumor-free mice and 32 mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor were
      randomized into 2 treatments, Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase (AGA) (600
      IU/kg/day for 7 days) and 0.9% NaCl controls, and into 2 or 3 isocaloric diets,
      normal protein (NP) (20 g protein/100 g diet), high protein (HP) (58 g
      protein/100 g diet), and zero protein (ZP) (tumor-free mice only). In tumor-free,
      NP-fed mice, AGA caused percentage reductions (P less than 0.01) in the nitrogen
      content of liver (50%), intestine (42%), thymus (89%), spleen (75%), and carcass
      (20%), but HP prevented this effect on intestine and carcass and caused
      percentage increases in the nitrogen content of liver (53%), intestine (36%),
      thymus (122%), and carcass (25%). In Ehrlich ascites tumor mice (NP or HP fed)
      AGA caused markedly lower (P less than 0.01) tumor burdens and increased nitrogen
      content of intestine (HP), kidney (NP and HP), and spleen (NP and HP). Ehrlich
      ascites tumor, AGA-treated, HP-fed mice ate 31% less food (P less than 0.01)
      (compared to NP) but HP resulted in percentage increases in the nitrogen content
      of liver (18%; P = 0.05), intestine (25%; P less than 0.05), and thymus (164%; P
      less than 0.01). In the Ehrlich ascites tumor, AGA group the HP diet caused
      higher hematocrit and serum total protein (both, P less than 0.05). Adverse
      nutritional effects of AGA seen in normal mice were markedly diminished in tumor
      bearing animals. The observed nitrogen-sparing effects of the high protein:
      energy ratio may be relevant to humans and to other forms of neoplasia and
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 4027975
TI  - Inhibition of Leydig tumor cell steroidogenesis by 10-propargylestr-4-ene-3,17
      dione, an irreversible aromatase inhibitor.
AB  - The murine Leydig cell tumor (M5480A) was assayed for the presence of aromatase
      activity and for the effects of 10-propargylestr-4-ene-3,17-dione (PED), an
      aromatase inhibitor, on steroidogenesis. Microsomal preparations from these
      tumors contained low levels of aromatase activity which was PED sensitive. In
      addition, these Leydig tumor cells were maintained in primary culture and
      incubated under basal and gonadotropin-stimulated conditions with various doses
      of PED. Medium levels of progesterone, a major product of these cells, were found
      to decrease in a dose- and time-dependent manner upon addition of PED. To
      determine whether the observed effect was due to reduced synthesis or to
      increased metabolism of progesterone, tritiated progesterone was added to these
      cell cultures. Analysis of culture medium by high-performance liquid
      chromatography suggested that PED dramatically reduced the conversion of labeled
      progesterone to testosterone. Furthermore, examination of medium pregnenolone
      levels revealed diminished amounts of this steroid as well. Taken together, these
      results suggest that PED or its metabolites inhibit Leydig tumor cell
      steroidogenesis at several sites. Thus, in addition to its role as an aromatase
      inhibitor, this agent also has effects prior to pregnenolone production, as well
      as other effects in the pathway between progesterone and testosterone.

PMID- 4027976
TI  - Effects of thermal adaptation at 40 degrees C on membrane viscosity and the
      sodium-potassium pump in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - We have demonstrated increased heat resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells
      grown to confluence at 37 degrees C and thermally adapted at the nonlethal
      temperature of 40 degrees C for 24 h. Membrane viscosity, estimated by
      fluorescence anisotropy, was inversely related to temperature, from 5 degrees C
      to 45 degrees C. For a given temperature viscosity was consistently higher in
      thermally adapted cells than in native cells. Having demonstrated a change in
      membrane structure associated with thermal adaptation, we carried out a study of
      the Na+-K+ pump in native and thermally adapted cells as an example of a vital
      active transport process known to be sensitive to membrane viscosity. 86Rb uptake
      measured from 31 degrees C to 50 degrees C increased steadily to 46 degrees C and
      then decreased rapidly in both native and thermally adapted cells. Detailed
      measurement of ouabain-sensitive 86Rb influx demonstrated an increase in both Km
      and Vmax between 37 degrees C and 45 degrees C, but there was no difference
      between native and thermally adapted cells. We have thus demonstrated an adaptive
      structural change in the cell membrane of mammalian cells which may be related to
      the induction of thermal resistance at 40 degrees C but which is not associated
      with any change in this active transport system.

PMID- 4027977
TI  - Depletion of cellular glutathione by exogenous spermine in V79 cells:
      implications for spermine-induced hyperthermic sensitization.
AB  - The relationship between spermine-induced thermosensitization and modulation in
      the cellular redox state as measured by glutathione levels was studied using
      Chinese hamster V79 cells. Marked cellular glutathione depletion was observed for
      cells treated with exogenous 1 mM spermine at 37 degrees C or 43 degrees C.
      Glutathione depletion and thermal sensitization by spermine were found to be cell
      density dependent with maximum depletion and sensitization observed at low cell
      densities. These findings are discussed in the context that treatment of cells
      with exogenous polyamines such as spermine can result in cellular oxidative
      stress which may in part contribute to spermine-induced thermal sensitization.

PMID- 4027978
TI  - Comparative molecular pharmacology in leukemic L1210 cells of the anthracene
      anticancer drugs mitoxantrone and bisantrene.
AB  - 1,4-Dihydroxy-5,8-bis(2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoethyl]amino)-9, 10-anthracenedione
      (mitoxantrone) and 9,10-anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol
      2y)hydrazone] dihydrochloride (bisantrene) were evaluated for their abilities to
      cause cytotoxicity and interact with cellular DNA using leukemic L1210 cells. On
      a molar basis mitoxantrone has been found to be 7-fold more toxic than
      bisantrene. Using a nucleoid sedimentation technique, bisantrene caused changes
      in DNA supercoiling which were characteristic of an intercalating drug, but
      mitoxantrone did not induce these changes. Both drugs were found to interact with
      cellular DNA with tight but noncovalent binding. Both drugs also induced protein
      associated double- and single-strand DNA breaks, but with mitoxantrone only some
      of the DNA single-strand breaks were protein associated, whereas with bisantrene
      all the DNA single-strand breaks were protein associated. The cytotoxicity
      produced by bisantrene at a given frequency of protein-associated DNA strand
      breaks was low. However, with mitoxantrone at an equivalent DNA strand break
      frequency, the cytotoxicity was high. Treatment of isolated L1210 nuclei with
      either drug did not result in DNA single-strand breaks. It can be concluded that
      bisantrene binds DNA in whole cells by an intercalative mechanism, whereas
      mitoxantrone binds DNA by a nonintercalative, electrostatic interaction and
      induces non-protein-associated DNA strand breaks.

PMID- 4027979
TI  - Some characteristics of the cyclophosphamide-induced immunopotentiating cells in
      the spleen of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor.
AB  - We have shown previously (Ye, Q-W., and Mokyr, M. B. Cancer Res., 44: 3873-3879,
      1984) that, following low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) therapy (15 mg/kg) of mice
      bearing a large s.c. MOPC-315 tumor and extensive metastases, T-cell-dependent
      immunopotentiating activity appears in their hitherto immunosuppressive Sephadex
      G-10-adherent spleen cell population. Here we show that the CY-induced
      immunopotentiating T-cells express the Lyt 1, Lyt 2, and L3T4 phenotypes. The
      phenotype of the immunopotentiating T-cells was deduced from our observations
      that depletion of Lyt 1+, Lyt 2+, or L3T4+ cells from the Sephadex G-10-adherent
      spleen cell population of CY-treated tumor bearers abolished the ability of the
      adherent cells to enhance the generation of antitumor cytotoxicity when added to
      the in vitro immunization culture of normal spleen cells. Moreover, admixture of
      a Sephadex G-10-adherent cell population depleted of Lyt 2+ cells with a Sephadex
      G-10-adherent cell population depleted of L3T4+ cells failed to restore the
      immunopotentiating activity, indicating that T-cells that are apparently
      expressing simultaneously the Lyt 2 and L3T4 antigens are required for the
      exertion of the CY-induced immunopotentiating activity. The CY-induced
      immunopotentiating T-cells from MOPC-315 tumor bearers brought about the
      appearance of enhanced antitumor cytotoxicity not only against the MOPC-315 tumor
      cells, but also against two other syngeneic plasmacytomas, with surface
      immunoglobulin of a different class and antigenic specificity than the MOPC-315
      tumor cells, as well as against a variant MOPC-315 tumor line which lacks surface
      immunoglobulin. The CY-induced immunopotentiating T-cells did not enhance the
      appearance of antitumor cytotoxicity against a syngeneic (WEHI 22.1) or an
      allogeneic (EL4) tumor of T-cell origin nor against the natural killer-sensitive
      YAC-1 cells. Thus, L3T4+, Lyt2+ T-cells from CY-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers
      enhance the generation of antitumor cytotoxicity that is directed against
      plasmacytoma shared antigens other than immunoglobulins.

PMID- 4027980
TI  - Evaluation of growth and histology of human tumor xenografts implanted under the
      renal capsule of immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice.
AB  - Fresh surgical explants of human carcinomas were implanted as first transplant
      generation xenografts under the kidney capsule of mice. Immunocompetent and
      immune-deficient mice were compared for their ability to support the persistence
      and growth of these xenografts. Consistent growth of tumor xenografts could not
      be demonstrated following implantation under the kidney capsule of
      immunocompetent mice. Immunological infiltration and rejection of the xenografts
      began 3 days postimplantation, and tumors were largely eliminated from the
      subcapsular space by 6 days postimplantation. In contrast human tumors
      consistently grew under the kidney capsule of nude mice. Significant growth
      became apparent by 9 days postimplantation with most human carcinomas and
      continued thereafter. Growth was always accompanied by neovascularization of
      tumor xenografts which was visible by examination of tumor-bearing kidneys under
      a dissecting microscope (X 6). There was no histological evidence of
      immunological interference with the persistence and growth of xenografts in nude
      mice. Thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted conventional mice, as
      well as conventional mice, treated daily with 60 mg of cyclosporine A/kg were
      comparable to nude mice as hosts which supported the long-term persistence and
      growth of subrenal capsule implants of human tumors. Such mice could provide an
      alternative to nude mice as hosts in which chemosensitivity assays could be
      carried out against growing human tumors at a considerable saving in cost and
      convenience.

PMID- 4027981
TI  - Characterization of mammalian phosphoribosylglycineamide formyltransferase from
      transformed cells.
AB  - Phosphoribosylglycineamide formyltransferase levels were studied in several
      mammalian tissues and were found to be elevated 3- to 6-fold in some anaplastic
      cells, including rat hepatoma H-35 and mouse leukemia L1210, as compared to their
      corresponding normal tissues. The enzyme was found to reside in the cytosol of
      chicken liver and L1210 cells. The enzyme was purified to near homogeneity, as
      judged by a single band on polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, from two mammalian sources, mouse L1210 and
      mouse Sarcoma 180. Comparison of the digestion patterns of L1210 enzyme and
      chicken liver enzyme upon exposure to chymotrypsin showed some similarity between
      the two, as did cross-reactivity in Western blots of the chicken enzyme with
      antibodies raised to the L1210 enzyme. Subunit molecular weight of the L1210 and
      Sarcoma 180 phosphoribosylglycineamide formyltransferases is about 117,000.
      Steady-state kinetics was performed with the purified murine enzyme in the
      presence of 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-glycineamide and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate and
      with 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-glycineamide and 10-formyl-5,8-deazafolate, establishing
      that these mammalian enzymes utilize 10-formyltetrahydrofolate as the actual
      cofactor. 11-Formyltetrahydrohomofolate was found to be an inhibitor of the
      murine and human (HeLa) enzymes, competitive with respect to 10
      formyltetrahydrofolate, with KiS of 1 and 3 microM, respectively. 11
      Formyldihydrohomofolate was an inhibitor of HeLa cell growth with a 50% effective
      dose of 8-11 microM.

PMID- 4027982
TI  - Polar solvent-induced changes in membrane lipid lateral diffusion in human colon
      cancer cells.
AB  - Polar organic solvents, such as N-methylformamide (NMF), N,N-dimethylformamide,
      and dimethyl sulfoxide, have been demonstrated to induce differentiation in a
      number of neoplastic cell lines, including human colon cancer cells. Although the
      mechanism of action of these agents is yet unknown, one possibility is that polar
      solvents induce a change in lateral mobility of membrane lipids, important to the
      maturational process. To determine the relationship between polar solvent
      treatment and changes in membranes, we examined the effects of exposure to NMF on
      membrane fluidity in human colon cancer cells (DLD-1; clone A). Membrane
      viscosity was assessed by determining lipid lateral diffusion following
      photobleaching of a fluorescent lipid probe in individual intact cells. Exposure
      of cells to NMF led to a significant increase in membrane viscosity following 2
      days of treatment, with maximal changes occurring after 11 days. NMF induced
      these effects over a limited concentration range with 1.0% NMF in the medium
      having the maximal effect, and 0.5% or 1.5% having less or no effect. Growth of
      cells with N,N-dimethylformamide (0.8%) also led to increases in membrane
      viscosity. The observed membrane changes correlated well with the effect of NMF
      on differentiation in these cells as previously reported, as well as with cell
      growth rate and morphology in the present study. The increase in viscosity caused
      by prolonged NMF treatment was reversible, with a return to untreated levels by 9
      11 days after removal of NMF. Thus, there is a strong correlation between the
      attainment of more benign, better differentiated phenotype in polar solvent
      treated clone A cells and increases in membrane viscosity.

PMID- 4027983
TI  - Identification of a tumor cell-derived differentiation antigen on mouse colony
      forming units in the spleen and progenitor cells.
AB  - Surface membrane antigen(s) expressed on a mouse mast cell line (FMP1) have also
      been shown to occur on hemopoietic spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) and
      granulocyte/macrophage colony- and erythroid burst-forming cells, using a xeno
      antiserum raised against FMP1 cells. This mast cell model has been used to obtain
      antiserum and large quantities of antigen for the biochemical identification of
      CFU-S and progenitor cell antigen(s). Immunoprecipitation of FMP1 membrane
      antigens with the antiserum and subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      revealed the presence of five membrane proteins with molecular weights of 28,000,
      32,000, 36,000, 50,000, and 70,000. Mouse B-lymphoma cell line W279 which reacted
      with anti-FMP1 serum was found to possess three immunoprecipitable surface
      proteins with molecular weights of 32,000, 50,000, and 70,000. Attempts have been
      made to identify the antigen(s) expressed by CFU-S and progenitors which were
      revealed by immunoprecipitation from the tumor lines. The three lower-molecular
      weight proteins (Mr 28,000-36,000) were chosen for initial study. Membrane
      extracts of FMP1 cells were fractionated on Sephacryl S-200, and selective pools
      of these antigens were made. Antisera to these pools exhibited complement
      dependent cytotoxicity to FMP1 cells, bone marrow CFU-S, granulocyte/macrophage
      colony-forming cells, and erythroid burst-forming units. These antisera
      immunoprecipitated Mr 28,000, 32,000, and 36,000 proteins from FMP1 cell membrane
      extracts but not the Mr 50,000 and 70,000 antigens. The W279 line has only one
      antigen (Mr 32,000) in the lower-molecular-weight range and is able to absorb
      anti-CFU-S and anti-progenitor activity, which suggests that it is this antigen
      which is expressed on hemopoietic cells. In addition, thymocytes react with anti
      FMP1 serum, and the Mr 32,000 antigen was immunoprecipitated from thymus cell
      extracts. Binding studies with concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin, and lentil
      lectin indicated that the Mr 28,000-36,000 proteins were glycoproteins. The
      apparent molecular weights of these proteins on polyacrylamide gels were not
      altered by reduction and alkylation and therefore do not contain disulfide-linked
      subunits.

PMID- 4027984
TI  - Increased gene amplification in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells with hydroxyurea
      induced chromosomal aberrations.
AB  - Chromosomal aberrations and dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification are
      observed in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells after treatment with hydroxyurea. The
      types of aberrations include polyploidy, endoreduplication, chromosome
      fragmentation, and the presence of extrachromosomal DNA. Hydroxyurea-treated
      cells analyzed by cell sorting showed a subpopulation of cells with increased DNA
      and increased dihydrofolate reductase. This subpopulation shows a high incidence
      of chromosome aberrations and an increased frequency of dihydrofolate reductase
      gene amplification. Hydroxyurea-treated cells with the normal amount of DNA and
      dihydrofolate reductase have few aberrations and a low frequency of dihydrofolate
      reductase gene amplification. We propose that hydroxyurea treatment causes
      overreplication of DNA and that recombination of overreplicated DNA can lead to
      chromosome aberrations and gene amplification.

PMID- 4027985
TI  - Hormone dependency of a serially transplantable human prostatic cancer (HONDA) in
      nude mice.
AB  - Human prostatic cancer (HONDA) serially transplanted in nude mice grew well in
      male mice but not at all in untreated female mice or in castrated male mice.
      Progressive growth in female mice was obtained by i.m. administration of 1 mg of
      testosterone twice a week. Estradiol inhibited the growth of the tumor in male
      mice to some extent; however, some growth was observed. The tumor in untreated
      male mice retained the histological features of poorly differentiated
      adenocarcinoma. Tumors in castrated male mice showed reduction in size of tumor
      cell nests with relative overgrowth of stroma. The tumor in androgenized female
      mice consisted of columnar epithelial cells with large nuclei and more abundant
      cytoplasms and a large glandular lumen, showing histology of moderately
      differentiated adenocarcinoma. High levels of human prostatic acid phosphatase
      (PAP) were detected in sera from untreated male mice. Testosterone markedly
      increased the content of serum PAP of androgenized female mice. Estradiol reduced
      the levels of PAP in sera from untreated male mice regardless of the tumor
      weight. High-affinity androgen receptors were present in cytosol and in nuclear
      extract of the tumor in untreated male mice. No measurable amount of progesterone
      or estrogen receptors was present in cytosol from untreated male mice.

PMID- 4027986
TI  - Establishment and characterization of four human bladder tumor cell lines and
      sublines with different degrees of malignancy.
AB  - We have established four human bladder tumor cultures, designated MGH-U1 to -U4
      (also known as EJ, HM, RN, and RB in some previous reports). All have been grown
      in culture for over 30 passages and were free of Mycoplasma contamination.
      Characterizations of these cell lines were performed. These include isozyme
      profile, morphology with light and scanning electron microscopes, karyotype,
      growth rate, DNA content by flow cytometry, presence of cell surface ABH
      isoantigens, tumorigenicity in nude mice, lactic acid dehydrogenase isozymes, and
      colony formation in soft agar. Results obtained from these characterizations
      confirm that MGH-U1 and -U2 are sublines of a previously established bladder
      tumor cell line, T-24. These results also show that MGH-U3 and -U4, derived
      respectively from a grade 1 tumor and an urothelium biopsy with severe atypia,
      are likely to be independent human bladder cell lines and different from other
      transitional cell bladder carcinoma cell lines reported. The study further
      demonstrates that these four cell lines/sublines have different degrees of
      malignancy and a close correlation, in biological and malignant characteristics,
      between the cells in culture and those in the original tumors. Therefore these
      cultures may represent cells at different stages of malignant progression. These
      can be useful models for studies of the development and progression of bladder
      tumors and detection and treatment of bladder tumors of different grades and
      stages.

PMID- 4027987
TI  - Specific killing of human melanoma cells by 125I-labeled 9.2.27 monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - The anti-melanoma antibody 9.2.27 localizes to melanoma cells when administered
      i.v. to melanoma patients, but high doses of this antibody alone have no specific
      cytotoxic effect in vivo. To determine whether radiolabeled antibodies would
      exhibit specific antimelanoma cytotoxicity in vitro, cell survival curves were
      established for NCl-N892 human melanoma cells treated with 125I-labeled 9.2.27
      monoclonal antibody. The binding capacity per cell was 5 X 10(5) molecules of
      9.2.27 immunoglobulin G, and the association constant of binding was 10(10) M-1.
      Antibody preparations with specific radioactivities of 9-80 microCi/micrograms
      were used. Colony-forming ability after in vitro exposure to 125I-9.2.27 was
      determined by a 1-h antibody incubation at saturating concentrations, washing,
      and cell freezing for various exposure durations. Colony survival was dose
      dependent, varying with the radioactivity per cell and the exposure time. The
      survival curves demonstrated no shoulder effect and had a 37% incremental
      survival dose of 0.5-0.9 X 10(5) decays/cell. Selective killing of melanoma cells
      was demonstrated in experiments where NCl-N417 lung cancer cells were mixed with
      the melanoma cells prior to antibody treatment. The NCl-N417 cells did not
      express the melanoma-associated antigen, were more sensitive to conventional
      external irradiation than were the melanoma cells, and could easily be
      distinguished from them by different growth morphology. In spite of a growth
      advantage for the melanoma cells in the clonogenic assay, the antigen-negative
      lung cancer cells selectively survived the treatment and were the only surviving
      cells after 15 days of exposure.

PMID- 4027988
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan production by murine melanoma variants in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis of B-16 melanoma metastatic variants was
      examined in vivo and in vitro to begin to assess the relationship between the
      presence of these polymers and the process of primary invasion and metastasis.
      The variants that were examined for GAG production included the F-1 line that
      exhibits low metastatic potential, the F-10 line selected for high metastatic
      potential, and the BL6 line selected for high invasiveness. The F-1 cell line was
      routinely less invasive than the F-10 and BL6 lines when injected s.c. into the
      legs of irradiated Swiss Webster mice. All cell lines formed palpable tumors
      after s.c. injection, but histological sections revealed early and extensive
      invasion in only F-10 and BL6 tumors. The F-1 tumors were surrounded by a
      connective tissue capsule and did not begin to invade into host tissue until this
      structure disappeared approximately 16 days after injection of tumor cells. Some
      consistent alterations in GAG synthesis, particularly the release of hyaluronic
      acid and heparan sulfate, were observed among the cell lines in vivo and in
      vitro, although differences observed in vitro were small and variable. In vivo
      all tumors were surrounded by a hyaluronic acid-rich zone that was concentrated
      at the tumor-stromal interface and was transitory. Hyaluronate occurred as a
      diffuse band around BL6 and F-10 tumors but was confined to a capsule surrounding
      the less aggressive F-1 tumor. In vitro the BL6 and F-10 cell lines released
      larger amounts of heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid than did the F-1 cell line.
      Differences in release of chondroitin sulfate by the cell lines were not
      observed. Differences in trypsin-releasable GAG, presumably associated with the
      glycocalyx, were also not apparent. These results link the release in vitro and
      organization in vivo of hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate to invasion and
      metastasis.

PMID- 4027989
TI  - Identification of the major serum albumin adduct formed by 4-aminobiphenyl in
      vivo in rats.
AB  - Serum albumin was isolated from rats at 27 h after administration of the
      carcinogen [2,2'-3H]-4-aminobiphenyl. Pronase digestion of the purified albumin
      yielded a mixture of radiolabeled materials which was resolved into 5 major
      components by reverse-phase liquid chromatography. From detailed UV, 1H-NMR, and
      mass spectral analyses, four of these were determined to be 4-aminobiphenyl, 4'
      hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl, and two other metabolites, all of which are
      presumed to be non-covalently associated with the serum albumin. The fifth
      component, however, resulted from covalent bond formation and was identified as a
      tetrapeptide containing 3-tryptophanyl-4-acetylaminobiphenyl, the amino acid
      sequence of which was H2N-ala-trp-ala-val. Since rat serum albumin contains only
      a single tryptophan residue in a hydrophobic drug binding site, its high
      selectivity for carcinogen binding suggests a unique role for this protein in the
      detoxification and/or transport of ultimate carcinogenic metabolites.

PMID- 4027990
TI  - Lesions of the rete testis in mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis is an exceptionally rare and malignant
      testicular neoplasm. Although treatment of pregnant women with diethylstilbestrol
      (DES) results in reproductive tract abnormalities in their male offspring,
      increased incidence of testicular tumors has not been verified. However, recently
      three cases of seminoma have been described in men prenatally exposed to DES,
      suggesting an association of prenatal DES treatment and the subsequent
      development of testicular tumors. This report describes the treatment of outbred
      pregnant CD-1 mice with DES (100 micrograms/kg) on Days 9 through 16 of gestation
      and its effects on their male offspring. In addition to nonmalignant
      abnormalities such as retained testes which have been reported in men exposed
      prenatally to DES, lesions resembling adenocarcinoma of the rete testis were seen
      in prenatally DES-treated mice at 10 to 18 mo of age (11 of 233; 5%). No
      comparable lesions were seen in 96 age-matched control male mice. These results
      suggest an association of prenatal DES exposure and the subsequent development of
      testicular lesions in the rete testis of mice.

PMID- 4027991
TI  - International variations in epidemiology of cancers of the extrahepatic biliary
      tract.
AB  - Previous studies of the descriptive epidemiology of biliary tract cancers have
      not differentiated among different types of biliary tract cancer because until
      recently the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) did not classify them
      separately. Recent versions of the ICD now distinguish cancers of the
      gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of Vater. In order to describe
      more precisely the distribution of these three cancers, we obtained data from
      nine cancer registries throughout the world which used the eighth or ninth
      revision of the ICD. Sex-specific, age-adjusted disease rates were calculated for
      each disease. Log-linear models were used to evaluate the association of age and
      sex with the risk of acquiring each disease and to assess whether the risk of
      acquiring disease or the age and sex distribution of the three diseases varied by
      geographic location. Gallbladder cancer was the most common of the three diseases
      and occurred more frequently in females. Extrahepatic bile duct cancer was the
      next most common disease and occurred equally in both sexes. Cancer of the
      ampulla of Vater was the least common and was more common in males. The incidence
      of each of the diseases increased with age. The age and sex distributions of the
      different diseases different among the nine registries. Thus these three
      neoplasms differ in their descriptive epidemiology and should therefore be
      considered separately in clinical practice and in future investigations.

PMID- 4027992
TI  - Pediatric phase I trial and pharmacokinetic study of tiazofurin (NSC 286193).
AB  - Tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide), a new nucleoside
      antimetabolite, was evaluated in a phase I trial involving children with
      refractory cancers. The drug was administered i.v. as a 10-min infusion daily for
      5 consecutive days repeated at 3-week intervals. The dose ranged from 550 to 3300
      mg/sq m/day. Seventeen patients received 23 courses and were evaluable for
      toxicity. The maximally tolerated dose was 2200 mg/sq m/day. The major dose
      limiting toxicities were nonhematological. Neurotoxicity, including headache,
      drowsiness, and irritability, was common and was the principal dose-limiting
      toxicity at the higher doses. Severe myalgias were also dose limiting in one
      patient. Other side effects were mild, reversible elevations in serum
      transaminases; nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; mild hypertension; dysphagia; and
      exfoliative dermatitis of the hands and feet. Myelotoxicity was not significant.
      The pharmacokinetics of tiazofurin was studied in 16 patients. Plasma
      disappearance was triphasic with half-lives of 9.7 min, 1.6 h, and 5.5 h.
      Clearance was dose related, ranging from 120 ml/min/sq m at 550 mg/sq m/day to 70
      ml/min/sq m at 3300 mg/sq m/day. The primary route of elimination was renal with
      85% of the drug recoverable in the urine as the parent compound in the 24 h
      following administration.

PMID- 4027993
TI  - Prognostic factors in patients with advanced stage prostate cancer.
AB  - The relationships of 13 potential prognostic factors to objective response to
      treatment and survival time were investigated, using data gathered on 1,020
      patients with advanced stage prostate cancer who have participated in the
      clinical trials of the National Prostatic Cancer Project. Multivariate
      statistical analyses revealed that previous hormone response status, analgesics,
      pain, elevated acid phosphatase, and anemia were the important, independent
      prognostic factors for objective response to treatment. For survival time, the
      significant prognostic factors were previous hormone response status, anorexia,
      elevated acid phosphatase, pain, elevated alkaline phosphatase, obstructive
      symptoms, tumor grade, performance status, anemia, and age at diagnosis. It is
      recommended that future treatment protocols for advanced stage prostate cancer
      take into account heterogeneity of the treatment groups with respect to these
      factors, either through the design of the protocol, or at the time of analysis.

PMID- 4027994
TI  - Prognostic relevance of ploidy, proliferation, and resistance-predictive tests in
      ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - In a cooperative study specimens of 37 patients with stage III and IV ovarian
      carcinomas who had been treated with chemotherapy were investigated utilizing
      flow cytometry and an in vitro short-term test for predicting resistance.
      Patients with aneuploid tumors had significantly shorter survival rates than did
      those with diploid tumors. Patients whose tumors showed a low G0/G1 cell
      proportion or a high proliferation pool (S- and G2/M cell-proportion) seemed to
      die earlier. There was also a tendency for patients with in vitro resistant
      tumors to die earlier under chemotherapy than those with sensitive tumors.

PMID- 4027995
TI  - Modulation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine metabolism by thymidine in human
      acute leukemia.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with acute leukemia have been treated by sequential 6-day
      courses of thymidine (30 g/m2 by i.v. continuous infusion, days 1 and 4) and 1
      beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) (200 mg/m2 by i.v. continuous infusion,
      days 2,3,5, and 6). Of 25 evaluable patients 4 achieved a complete remission: one
      of 9 for acute myelogenous leukemia; and 3 of 14 in the blastic crisis of chronic
      myelocytic leukemia. Six minor responses were also observed. Toxicity was mainly
      hematological and did not appear to be higher than that expected from ara-C
      alone. However, thymidine infusions gave rise to headache and somnolence. The
      clinical benefit of such treatment seems to be limited to the blastic crisis of
      chronic myelocytic leukemia. Parallel cytokinetic and biochemical studies were
      performed in order to assess the cytokinetic and metabolic changes induced by
      both drugs and to correlate them with the clinical response. Recruitment of cells
      into the S-phase fraction was observed following the first thymidine infusion in
      the two complete responders and in three of the five nonresponders studied. In
      contrast to this high pretherapeutic levels of S-phase fraction were observed in
      most minor responders and in some nonresponders with further decrease following
      the thymidine infusion. Recruitment of cells into S phase therefore appeared to
      be an important but not sufficient factor for prediction of complete response to
      ara-C. Responders in contrast to most nonresponders were characterized by a
      higher intracellular level of ara-C and its metabolites following the first 24-h
      infusion of the drug. Deoxythymidine triphosphate and deoxycytidine triphosphate
      pools were also measured before and during treatment in order to assess if
      nucleotide pool variations induced by the administration of thymidine can in fact
      correlate with the intracellular alteration in ara-C metabolism and with clinical
      response. The level of deoxycytidine triphosphate pools before treatment showed
      marked interpatient variations but did not correlate with response. As expected,
      thymidine infusion induced a rise in the deoxythymidine triphosphate pool and a
      decrease in deoxycytidine triphosphate. The pools, however, generally returned
      promptly to the pretherapeutic level 24 h after the end of the infusion of
      thymidine. There were no significant differences between responders and
      nonresponders in the modulation of these pools.

PMID- 4027996
TI  - Heterogeneity and prognostic significance of macrophages in human colonic
      carcinomas.
AB  - Previously, we reported that high concentrations of eosinophils in human colonic
      carcinomas are associated with better prognoses, that sections taken 1 cm remote
      from (deep to) the margin of tumor (SRM) and sections contiguous to the margin
      (SCM) of tumor and adjacent uninvolved colon contain significantly different
      concentrations of eosinophils, and that concentrations of eosinophils in SCM and
      SRM are both useful and complementary for the prediction of prognosis. As a first
      step towards studying the ecology of the eosinophil in colonic carcinoma and with
      the goal of identifying other kinds of cells that might be useful for the
      prediction of prognosis, we counted cells in SCM and SRM that expressed
      histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthylbutyrate esterase,
      and peroxidase. The tumors of patients with and without metastases at the time of
      resection of the primary tumor contained different (P = 0.0314) concentrations of
      cells with histochemically demonstrable alpha-naphthylbutyrate esterase in SCM
      but not in SRM. In contiguous 1- to 2-micron sections, morphologically macrophage
      like cells with histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase and cells with
      histochemically demonstrable alpha-naphthylbutyrate esterase were found to be
      present in different concentrations both in SCM (P less than 0.01) and in SRM (P
      less than 0.01); i.e., these phenotypic markers appear to identify different
      subpopulations of macrophages in tumors. In contrast to our previous study of
      human pulmonary alveolar macrophages, examination of sections stained
      sequentially for these phenotypic markers that are commonly used for the
      identification of macrophages in tumors revealed numerous cells in the same
      sections that expressed histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase (red) but
      not alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (brown) and vice versa. Several of these
      markers promise to be useful and complementary for the prediction of prognosis.

PMID- 4027997
TI  - Effect of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin on detection of a urothelial
      differentiation antigen in exfoliated cells of carcinoma in situ of the human
      urinary bladder.
AB  - Flow cytometry was used to detect and quantify expression of a urothelial
      differentiation antigen (Om5) and nuclear DNA in exfoliated epithelial cells of
      the urinary bladder from 15 patients with nonpapillary carcinoma in situ during
      and after intravesical therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Before BCG
      treatment exfoliated cells reacting with the mouse monoclonal antibody Om5 were
      found in 13 cases. Following treatment Om5 positive cells were still present in 9
      cases but 4 patients who had had Om5 positive cells prior to BCG therapy no
      longer had detectable antigen-positive cells after therapy. Thus intravesical BCG
      therapy can alter detection of a urothelial differentiation antigen in exfoliated
      bladder epithelial cells. It is not certain whether this antigen or other
      differentiation antigens measured by flow cytometry will advance our present
      techniques for assessing effects of therapy on carcinoma in situ and other
      bladder tumors. However, five of nine patients showing persistence of Om5
      positive cells after therapy were found to have recurrent tumor by biopsy and two
      others had positive cytology (median follow-up, 13 months). None of the four
      without detectable antigen-positive cells after therapy had clinical evidence of
      tumor by cystoscopy, biopsy, or cytology (median follow-up, 12 months). It now
      appears feasible and desirable to initiate clinical investigations of this and
      other differentiation antigens in combination with DNA by flow cytometry of
      bladder irrigation specimens.

PMID- 4027998
TI  - Correlation of frequency of induced mutation and metastatic potential in tumor
      cell lines from a single mouse mammary tumor.
AB  - Spontaneous mutation rates were determined in mouse mammary tumor subpopulation
      lines that differ in metastatic phenotype. Although there was almost a 9-fold
      difference in spontaneous rates to ouabain resistance among the three lines
      tested, the difference did not correlate with ability to metastasize. Similarly a
      10-fold difference in spontaneous rates to 6-thioguanine resistance did not
      correlate with metastatic ability. In contrast, the frequency of ethyl
      methanesulfonate-induced mutations was associated with metastatic potential.
      Thus, ethyl methanesulfonate only induced significant numbers of 6-thioguanine
      resistant colonies in 66 and 410.4 cells, the only 2 of 5 lines tested that
      spontaneously metastasize at high frequency, and of ouabain resistant colonies in
      66, 410.4, and 168 cells, the only lines tested that produce experimental lung
      metastases after i.v. injection. Differential sensitivity to induced mutation was
      not correlated with differences in plating efficiency, wild type sensitivity to
      ethyl methanesulfonate, 6-thioguanine, or ouabain toxicity, ploidy, cell shape,
      cell size, or ability to engage in metabolic cooperation.

PMID- 4027999
TI  - Differences in the pharmacokinetics of daunomycin in normal and leukemic rats.
AB  - We compared the pharmacokinetics of daunomycin (7.5 mg/kg i.v. bolus injection)
      in normal and leukemic rats using a leukemia model which resembles acute myeloid
      leukemia in humans. Due to a more rapid decrease in plasma concentration, the
      area under the plasma concentration/time curve (AUC) for up to 2 h after drug
      injection was smaller (2.2 times) in the leukemic rats than that for normals.
      However, due to higher plasma levels during the drug elimination phase, the total
      AUC0----infinity was somewhat larger (1.3 times) in the leukemic rats. In the
      leukemia-infiltrated organs (spleen, liver, and lungs), significantly higher
      daunomycin concentrations (per gram wet weight) were found than in those obtained
      from normal rats. In contrast, femoral bone marrow from leukemic rats contained
      less daunomycin (per 10(9) nucleated cells) than did normal marrow.
      Quantification of the daunomycin uptake in vitro by flow cytometry showed that
      leukemic cells from bone marrow and spleen have an equal net drug uptake. Our
      data suggest that, in the presence of a high leukemic cell load, the
      intravenously injected daunomycin is rapidly taken up and retained by the
      leukemic tumor mass in, e.g., spleen, liver, and lungs, and that, as a
      consequence of this, the femoral marrow functions as a kind of pharmacological
      sanctuary.

PMID- 4028000
TI  - Combination chemotherapy in vitro exploiting glutamine metabolism of human glioma
      and medulloblastoma.
AB  - The human glioma-derived cell line D-54 MG and the human medulloblastoma-derived
      cell line TE-671 have been shown to be sensitive in culture to the
      pharmacological interference with glutamine metabolism by acivicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo
      L-norleucine, and methionine sulfoximine. Using as a guide the multiple
      contributions of glutamine to the biosynthesis of proteins, purines, and
      pyrimidines, we now have identified six additional antimetabolites active against
      these lines in vitro at clinically relevant concentrations. The 50% growth
      inhibitory levels of the drugs against D-54 MG in 6-day continuous exposure
      experiments were: L-asparaginase, 0.057 IU/ml; 5-fluorouracil, 0.5 micrograms/ml;
      6-mercaptopurine, 0.8 micrograms/ml; actinomycin D, 0.0007 micrograms/ml; N
      phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid, 2.3 micrograms/ml; and 5-azacytidine, 0.2
      micrograms/ml (3-day exposure. The corresponding 50% growth-inhibitory values in
      TE-671 were: L-asparaginase, 0.54 IU/ml; 5-fluorouracil, 1.5 micrograms/ml; 6
      mercaptopurine, 4.7 micrograms/ml; actinomycin D, 0.00044 micrograms/ml; N
      phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid, 4.5 micrograms/ml; and 5-azacytidine, 0.49
      micrograms/ml. Dipyridamole up to 10 micrograms/ml was inactive against both
      lines. The isobologram method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of several
      two-drug combinations which were biochemically designed. The sums of the optimal
      fractional inhibitory concentrations for the pairs were: acivicin plus L
      asparaginase, 0.14; acivicin plus methionine sulfoximine, 0.40; 6-diazo-5-oxo-L
      norleucine plus methionine sulfoximine, 0.60; acivicin plus 6-mercaptopurine,
      1.0, all in TE-671; and acivicin plus 5-fluorouracil, 0.79, in D-54 MG. Our
      findings suggest that an antimetabolite regimen exploiting glutamine sensitivity
      might improve the chemotherapy of some human gliomas and medulloblastomas.

PMID- 4028001
TI  - Sex differential and dose dependence of phenobarbital-promoting activity in N
      bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine-initiated thyroid tumorigenesis in rats.
AB  - Studies were made on the dose and sex dependence of thyroid tumor development in
      rats pretreated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) followed by
      exposure to various doses of phenobarbital (PB). A direct dose-response
      relationship in induction of thyroid tumors was found in both male and female
      rats. Upon feeding the DHPN-treated rats with basal diet containing 20, 100, 500,
      and 2500 ppm of PB, the incidences of follicular adenoma were, respectively, 8,
      45, 70, and 66% in male rats and 12, 17, 50, and 58% in female rats. Development
      of papillary adenomas in male rats was observed only at the higher doses of PB,
      at incidences of 12 and 20% for doses of 500 and 2500 ppm. Follicular carcinoma
      was also seen at higher doses of PB, at 16 and 12%, respectively, for the 500-
      and 2500-ppm groups. Neither follicular nor papillary carcinomas were induced in
      female rats; only a low incidence of papillary adenoma (4%) was observed with a
      PB concentration as high as 2500 ppm. A single injection of DHPN resulted in
      production of approximately 1 tumor/female rat and 2.5 tumors/male rat. DHPN
      combined with posttreatment with PB at doses up to 500 ppm did not increase tumor
      yield in female rats, whereas a 3-fold increase was observed in male rats for the
      500-ppm-treated groups. When PB was increased to 2500 ppm a marked increase (8
      fold) in tumor yield in male rats was observed, in contrast to a less than 3-fold
      increase in similarly treated female rats.

PMID- 4028002
TI  - Multidrug (pleiotropic) resistance in doxorubicin-selected variants of the human
      sarcoma cell line MES-SA.
AB  - The emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells is a major limiting factor in cancer
      chemotherapy. There is little information about the nature of such resistant
      variants among human cancer cell populations. Doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant
      sublines of the human sarcoma cell line MES-SA were selected by continuous in
      vitro exposure to DOX. Stepwise increases in DOX concentration produced variants
      which were 25- and 100-fold resistant to DOX. These sublines displayed marked
      cross-resistance to daunorubicin, dactinomycin, mitoxantrone, colchicine,
      vincristine, vinblastine, and etoposide and moderate resistance to mitomycin C
      and melphalan. Cross-resistance was not observed, however, to methotrexate, 5
      fluorouracil, bleomycin, carmustine, or cisplatin. DOX resistance in these cell
      lines appeared to be stable despite long periods of growth in drug-free medium.
      Two additional marker chromosomes were identified in the 100-fold resistant
      variant, which indicated clonal selection during drug exposure, but no double
      minute chromosomes or homogeneously staining regions were noted. Doxorubicin
      accumulation in the DOX-resistant cells was reduced by approximately 50% compared
      to that of the sensitive MES-SA cells, as a result of enhanced efflux of DOX from
      the resistant cells. There was no evidence of appreciable DOX metabolism by
      either the sensitive or resistant cells. These studies demonstrate marked DOX
      resistance and multidrug resistance arising in a human sarcoma line during
      exposure to DOX. The pleiotropic nature of this resistance is similar to that
      described in other models. Decreased drug accumulation due to enhanced drug
      efflux is identified as a major mechanism of resistance in these cells, although
      other factors may also be involved.

PMID- 4028003
TI  - Effect of amphotericin B on Adriamycin transport in P388 cells.
AB  - In Adriamycin-sensitive and -resistant P388 cells, coincubation with amphotericin
      B causes a marked increase in Adriamycin retention, as determined by laser flow
      cytometry. P388/S cells were generally more affected than were P388/R cells.
      Preincubation with amphotericin B had a greater effect on Adriamycin retention
      than did co- or postincubation. In splenocytes, bone marrow, and ascites from
      mice, enhanced Adriamycin retention was seen in all the tissues. However, bone
      marrow cells showed heterogeneous response, with some populations being more
      sensitive than others.

PMID- 4028004
TI  - Long-term persistence of ethyl carbamate-induced sister chromatid exchanges in
      murine lymphocytes.
AB  - Ethyl carbamate-induced sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was evaluated at 20 min
      and 1, 3, 4.5, 5.5, 7, and 9 h postexposure (acute dose, ethyl carbamate, 3.3
      mmol/kg) in concanavalin A (Con A)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated
      murine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In both Con A- and LPS-stimulated PBL,
      SCE responses peaked between 4.5 and 5.5 h postinjection, a time which
      corresponds to complete biotransformation of ethyl carbamate. Peak induced SCEs
      for Con A- and LPS-stimulated PBL were 6.43 and 7.44, respectively. SCE responses
      were also evaluated in Con A- and LPS-stimulated PBL at 3 and 24 h following the
      last of a series of two, four, or six i.p. injections of ethyl carbamate (3.3
      mmol/kg) given every other day. Dose-related increases (presumably reflecting the
      accumulation of unrepaired SCE-inducing damage) in SCEs were observed at both
      times following two and four injections of ethyl carbamate. However, following
      six injections a decrease in SCE response and increased cytotoxicity were
      observed. Persistence of SCE-inducing DNA lesions was observed in blood, spleen,
      and parathymic node lymphocytes following the last of a series of 12 i.p.
      injections (three times weekly) of ethyl carbamate (2.2 mmol/kg). With the
      exception of LPS-stimulated blood lymphocytes, exposed blood and spleen Con A-
      and LPS-stimulated lymphocyte populations contained a significantly higher number
      of high-frequency cells than did their respective controls at 16 weeks
      postexposure. The gradual return of SCE levels to base-line values appears to be
      primarily a consequence of slow population turnover. Parathymic node lymphocytes
      exhibited elevated SCE responses (2 times base-line levels) for up to 4 weeks
      postexposure.

PMID- 4028005
TI  - Cell killing and sensitization to heat shock by hypothermic incubation of
      asynchronous and synchronized mouse neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - The effect of hypothermia on cell survival and on subsequent response to
      hyperthermia was studied in asynchronous and synchronized Neuro-2A cells. Cell
      cycle progression was blocked at temperatures below 27 degrees C. Immediately
      after shift to hypothermic temperatures, cells became more sensitive to
      hyperthermia. Development of thermosensitization was time and temperature
      dependent. Thermosensitization of cells by hypothermia was high at 0 degrees C
      and 15 degrees-30 degrees C and less at 5 degrees-10 degrees C. Sensitization
      started to occur before hypothermic cell death became manifest and developed
      gradually. Hypothermic cell death was observed when the cells were incubated for
      more than 1 day at temperatures of 0 degrees-24 degrees C with a minimal cell
      death during incubation at 6 degrees C. Thermosensitization of cells by
      hypothermia depended on the position of the cell in the cell cycle at the time of
      shift to hypothermic temperatures. Cells in late G1 and early S phase became more
      thermosensitive than did cells in G1 or late S-G2 phase. Furthermore G1-S cells
      were more sensitive to prolonged hypothermia alone than were G1 or late S-G2
      cells. In contrast, late S-G2 cells were most sensitive to hyperthermia alone. It
      is concluded that the temperature- and cell cycle-dependent way of hypothermic
      induced cell death was similar to the thermosensitization of cells by
      hypothermia. But thermosensitization became manifest prior to the actual cell
      death, following hypothermic treatment.

PMID- 4028006
TI  - Mechanistic implications of the induction of thermotolerance in Chinese hamster
      cells by organic solvents.
AB  - Several organic solvents were shown to induce thermotolerance. These included:
      aliphatic alcohols (ethanol to octanol); local anesthetics; dimethyl sulfoxide;
      and dimethyl formamide. The minimum concentrations of the various alcohols
      required to induce tolerance were similar to the threshold doses for
      cytotoxicity. When only intramembrane concentrations were considered (by
      multiplying by the appropriate membrane:buffer partition coefficient), then the
      alcohols' threshold dose to induce tolerance was only mildly a function of carbon
      number. The efficiency increased almost linearly with a membrane dose from
      propanol to pentanol, but was slightly reduced for octanol. All alcohols induced
      tolerance rapidly (within a few hours after 30-min exposure), but the
      thermotolerance ratio decreased with increasing carbon number. Of the three
      anesthetics examined, lidocaine was a highly efficient inducer, procaine less so,
      and tetracaine did not induce tolerance even at a concentration mildly cytotoxic.
      Dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl formamide induced tolerance without cytotoxicity,
      but the kinetics of doing so was different from that seen with the other
      solvents. Only cells exposed to these water-soluble agents for 18 h or longer
      showed evidence of induced heat resistance. Our results indicate that membranes
      likely are the site for the initiation of solvent-induced cell killing and
      thermotolerance. The minimum dose of induction may be related to the degree of
      disorder induced by the individual alcohol, but the amount of tolerance induced
      is inversely related to this. The data on the effects of local anesthetics show
      that neither their common functional mode of inhibiting nerve transmission nor
      their similar level of cytotoxicity insures similar efficiency as tolerance
      inducers. Results with dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl formamide suggest that
      tolerance can be induced by more than one mechanism, or alternately, that a
      multiple-step mechanism can be activated at different points along this pathway.
      We also measured heat shock protein synthesis after several treatments; efficient
      inducers of thermotolerance also induced these proteins.

PMID- 4028008
TI  - Effect of thermochemotherapy (combined cyclophosphamide and hyperthermia) given
      at various temperatures with or without glucose administration on a murine
      fibrosarcoma.
AB  - The effect of combined cyclophosphamide (CY) and heat treatments on a murine
      tumor was studied at various temperatures. FSa-II tumors, the early generation
      isotransplants of a spontaneous fibrosarcoma in a C3Hf/Sed mouse, were used. A
      single cell suspension was transplanted into the animal foot. Hyperthermia was
      given by immersing animal feet into a water bath maintained at a desired
      temperature +/- 0.1 degrees C. An average diameter of the tumor at the time of
      treatment was 4 mm. The tumor growth time, the time required for one-half of the
      treated tumors to reach 1000 mm3, was the end point. Hyperthermia enhanced the
      effect of CY at test temperatures ranging from 40.5 degrees - 44.5 degrees C. The
      enhancement was independent of the temperature when CY was administered 30 min
      before the beginning of hyperthermia. However, the enhancement was most
      substantial at temperatures of 40.5 degrees -42.5 degrees C when CY was
      administered immediately before hyperthermia. The most effective timing of the CY
      administration was immediately before hyperthermia. The glucose administered 60
      min before hyperthermia enhanced the effect of combined CY and hyperthermia when
      CY was given 30 min before heating. This enhancement was lost when CY was given
      immediately before hyperthermia. The CY dose response curves at elevated
      temperatures were downward concave, which may indicate the presence of a CY- and
      heat-resistant cell population in the tumor. Implications of these observations
      in clinical hyperthermia were discussed.

PMID- 4028007
TI  - Radiolocalization of xenografted human malignant melanoma by a monoclonal
      antibody (9.2.27) to a melanoma-associated antigen in nude mice.
AB  - A murine monoclonal antibody (9.2.27), directed to a Mr 250,000 glycoprotein
      chondroitan sulfate proteoglycan complex, was radiolabeled with 125I and assessed
      for radiolocalization in tumor and normal tissues of normal and tumor-bearing
      nude mice. The 125I-9.2.27 localized in vivo preferentially in Mr 250,000 antigen
      expressing human melanomas (FMX-Met, SESX) but not in low antigen-expressing
      tumors (LOX-L) xenografted in nude mice. The imaging index of tumor cells was
      positively correlated with the antigen density of the various melanoma cell lines
      as measured by flow cytometry. The nonspecific immunoglobulin RPC-5 of the same
      IgG2a subclass as 9.2.27 did not specifically localize to xenografts of melanoma.
      The total amount of 125I-9.2.27 accumulated in the tumor was directly correlated
      with tumor size. However, the specific radioactivity (cpm/g) in smaller tumors
      was higher than that in larger tumors. Nonspecific uptake and circulating
      antibody levels differed between normals and tumor-bearers. The organs of the
      reticuloendothelial system of normal mice accumulated more labeled antibody than
      did those of tumor bearers, and conversely, tumor bearers had higher levels of
      circulating labeled antibody in the blood than normals. The circulating labeled
      antibody in tumor bearers was still monomeric but had no detectable antigen
      binding capacity.

PMID- 4028009
TI  - Effect of melatonin on B16 melanoma growth in athymic mice.
AB  - The effect of melatonin on the growth of B16 mice melanoma was examined. Male and
      female BALB/c athymic mice, inoculated with 7 X 10(4) melanoma cells, were given
      drinking water containing melatonin (5 micrograms/g body weight/day) and 0.5%
      ethanol. Compared to control animals the melatonin treated male and female
      athymic mice had significantly smaller tumors on Day 40. The weights of the
      testes, the ovaries, and the adrenal glands of melatonin treated mice were
      significantly reduced compared to control animals. These data indicate that
      melatonin p.o. significantly inhibited the growth of B16 mouse melanoma and that
      the antitumor effect of melatonin was associated with a significant decrease in
      gonadal and adrenal weights.

PMID- 4028010
TI  - Factors affecting growth and drug sensitivity of mouse mammary tumor lines in
      collagen gel cultures.
AB  - A series of mouse mammary tumor subpopulation lines were compared for growth
      properties and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs when grown as boluses in a
      collagen gel matrix versus in monolayer culture. Although the cell lines
      exhibited characteristic rates of bolus expansion in collagen, this growth was
      not paralleled by an exponential increase in cell number with time. Cell boluses
      contained a higher proportion of cells in G0-G1 phases of the cell cycle than did
      the same cell lines in monolayer cultures. Histological examination revealed
      areas of necrosis in boluses. Thus cells growing in collagen cultures resembled
      cells growing as solid tumors and cells from other three-dimensional culture
      systems. The growth of cell boluses in collagen gel cultures was reduced
      nonexponentially by melphalan, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil in contrast to
      the exponential decrease in growth measured in cloning assays. The lowest
      concentration to which cells first responded to drug was in general similar for
      collagen gel assays and for cloning assays. The rank order of sensitivity of
      different cell lines in the two assays was identical for methotrexate (four cell
      lines), similar for melphalan (four of five lines), but quite different for 5
      fluorouracil. In contrast to cloning assays cell boluses continued to grow,
      albeit at a reduced rate, in the presence of high drug concentrations. This was
      not due to either diminished drug availability in collagen gel or drug
      penetration into the bolus.

PMID- 4028011
TI  - Synergistic effects of combination sequential immunotherapies in a murine ovarian
      cancer model.
AB  - The antitumor effects of Corynebacterium parvum in a murine ovarian
      teratocarcinoma model depend upon a sequential activation of neutrophils and
      macrophages within the peritoneal cavity. We studied the sequential
      administration of biological response modifiers that independently activate each
      phase of the response. Tumor-challenged mice treated by i.p. injection of a
      pyridine-extracted fraction of cell-free Propionibacterium acnes (PA-PE, 1400
      micrograms) demonstrated prolonged survival in less than 20% of the cases. An
      i.p. injection of a detoxified Salmonella endotoxin (DSE) preparation (150
      micrograms) had no effect on tumor outgrowth. However, i.p. treatment with PA-PE
      (1400 micrograms), followed by 150 micrograms of DSE 1 day later, resulted in
      long-term survival (greater than 100 days) in 40 to 60% of mice. This antitumor
      effect was only evident when PA-PE was administered first (before DSE) and
      optimal when DSE was administered 24 h after PA-PE. The synergistic antitumor
      effect could be duplicated when tumor-challenged mice were first treated i.p.
      with peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes, elicited by injection of PA-PE, and
      then treated with DSE 18 h later. These data indicate that appropriately timed
      injection of biological response modifiers with complementary effects can result
      in a synergistic prevention of tumor growth.

PMID- 4028012
TI  - Binding of metabolites of cyclophosphamide to DNA in a rat liver microsomal
      system and in vivo in mice.
AB  - The stability of phosphoramide mustard, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide was
      studied at pH 7.2 and 37 degrees C using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. The
      phosphorus signal of phosphoramide mustard disappeared with a half-life of 8 min
      indicating rapid conversion to other species. The final product, inorganic
      phosphate, appeared with a half-life of 105 min indicating that phosphoramide
      mustard was easily dephosphoramidated. A rat liver microsomal system was used to
      study the binding of [chloroethyl-3H]cyclophosphamide to DNA. DNA was hydrolyzed
      in 0.1 N HCl:0.5 N NaCl at 80 degrees C for 20 min, conditions known to convert
      phosphoramide mustard to nornitrogen mustard with liberation of the phosphoramide
      residue. After such treatment three adducts were detected by high-performance
      liquid chromatography using several elution systems. They were all 7-substituted
      guanine adducts of nornitrogen mustard; two were monoalkylation products with an
      intact [N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-[2-(7-guaninyl)ethyl]amine] or an hydroxylated
      mustard arm [N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-[2-(7-guaninyl)ethyl]amine]; the third adduct
      was a cross-linked product [N,N-bis [2-(7-guaninyl)ethyl]-amine]. The relative
      abundance of these adducts depended on the length of the microsomal incubation.
      After 2 h, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-[2-(guaninyl)ethyl]amine was the main product but
      after 6 h N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-[2-(7-guaninyl)ethyl]amine was most abundant, and
      at this time the cross-linked product represented 12% of the total adducts. The
      adducts in DNA depurinated readily and after 24 h at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C 70%
      of them had been liberated. The rate of depurination was decreased in the
      presence of 0.5 N NaCl. After short-term depurination in 0.1 N HCl at 25 degrees
      C the primary alkylating species was phosphoramide mustard rather than
      nornitrogen mustard. In in vivo studies mice were given injections i.p. of 100
      microCi of cyclophosphamide. Maximal levels of radioactivity had been
      incorporated into DNA between 2-7 h after injection; the specific activity of DNA
      from the kidney and lung exceeded that from the liver. While the level of
      radioactivity found in kidney DNA was rapidly reduced the rate of fall was lower
      in the lung. Between 24 and 72 h the specific activity of lung DNA exceeded that
      of kidney and liver DNA by a factor of 3:8. Lung is the principal target tissue
      for tumor formation in mice after an i.p. injection.

PMID- 4028013
TI  - Effects of mutagens on the immunogenicity of murine tumor cells: immunological
      and biochemical evidence for altered cell surface antigens.
AB  - Eb lymphoma cells were subjected to treatment in vitro with the alkylating
      mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and then cloned by limiting
      dilution. When tested in vivo for tumorigenicity in groups of syngeneic DBA/2
      mice, 6 from 18 clones were found to be strongly reduced (tum- phenotype). The
      other clones showed only moderate or no change in tumorigenicity compared to the
      untreated control. All clones were able to grow in 400-rad-irradiated mice. Mice
      in which MNNG clones had regressed were able to generate tumor-specific cytolytic
      T-lymphocytes in vitro. Limiting dilution analysis indicated that 3 of 4 MNNG
      clones analyzed in detail displayed additional antigenic determinants that were
      detected by cytolytic T-lymphocytes. These data thus provided evidence for
      increased immunogenicity of some of the MNNG clones. Membrane proteins of MNNG
      clones and original Eb cells were compared biochemically after metabolic labeling
      with [35S]methionine, TX114 solubilization, and electrophoretic separation. Two
      dimensional gel maps revealed a general quantitative decrease in the expression
      of membrane proteins in MNNG clones. In addition, several proteins were only
      found in MNNG clones but not in untreated cells. Two membrane proteins of
      molecular weight 22,000 and 38,000 were greatly increased in expression in all
      MNNG clones but could be detected at a low level in the original Eb cells. MNNG
      is known to be a strong mutagenic agent, but it can also interfere with DNA
      methylation and cause transcriptional activation of genes. We suggest that
      amplified cell surface structures may be the consequence of such transcriptional
      activation and could be involved in altered immunogenicity.

PMID- 4028014
TI  - Autoradiographic demonstration of estrogen binding in human breast cancer after
      in vitro incubation.
AB  - This report describes the localization of bound radioactivity as visualized by
      thaw-mount autoradiography in 35 cases of human breast carcinoma after in vitro
      incubation with [3H]estradiol. The findings have been compared qualitatively with
      results of biochemical assays. Twenty-six tumors were considered to be estrogen
      receptor positive by autoradiographic criteria. Of these, 23 were assayed
      biochemically; 21 were found to be positive. Specific uptake of radioactivity was
      observed primarily in neoplastic epithelial cells. The grains were localized
      mainly over the nuclear region of putative target cells. Within nests of
      infiltrating carcinoma, positive cells could be identified admixed with negative
      cells. There were no autoradiographic criteria established for borderline cases.
      The remaining nine cases were considered negative. In these cases the appearance
      of tissue exposed only to [3H]estradiol resembled that of tissue incubated with
      excess unlabeled estradiol. The few grains were randomly scattered with no
      evidence of nuclear localization. Of these negative cases, two were positive by
      biochemical assay, four borderline, and three negative. It is concluded that, as
      assessed in this investigation, estrogen receptor-positive mammary carcinomas may
      be composed of target and nontarget neoplastic cells. Thaw-mount autoradiography
      should prove useful in the laboratory investigation of steroid hormone
      responsiveness of human breast carcinoma.

PMID- 4028015
TI  - Biology of cell killing by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and its relevance to
      molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity.
AB  - Cells of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line were used to study the process of
      cell death induced by pulse treatment with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara
      C). Cells were synchronized by mitotic selection and pulse treated in early S
      phase with a concentration of ara-C (1 mM) which was sufficient to reduce plating
      efficiency to a few percentages of the control. The process of when and how the
      lethally damaged cells die was studied using a series of techniques in parallel.
      These included time-lapse microcinematography, flow microfluorimetry, and
      chromosome morphology in both anaphases/telophases and Colcemid-arrested
      metaphases. Most of the lethally damaged Chinese hamster ovary cells progressed
      through one, and many through two, cell cycles before death occurred. The cell
      death and abnormal divisions can be accounted for by the chromosome aberrations
      observed in Colcemid metaphases and anaphases/telophases. Death without any
      attempted division occurred between 3 and 9 normal cell cycle times after ara-C
      treatment. Chinese hamster ovary cells were also treated continuously with 1 mM
      ara-C. Under these conditions, cell death was still primarily division related.
      We argue that these data are not consistent with the actual incorporation of ara
      C moieties into DNA being the primary cause of cell death. The data are discussed
      in relation to the postulated molecular mechanisms of toxicity of this drug.

PMID- 4028016
TI  - Comparison of the morphology and enzyme activity of mononuclear cells from
      Fischer 344 rats with either spontaneous or transplanted leukemia.
AB  - Mononuclear cell (MNC) leukemia was identified in 26-month-old F344 rats by
      splenomegaly, reduced red blood cell counts, and elevated white blood cell
      counts. Atypical MNC were predominant in spleen and blood with acentric nuclei
      and red cytoplasmic granules. Pentose shunt, glycolytic, and Krebs cycle enzyme
      activities were elevated 2- to 11-fold in the enriched MNC fraction (Ficoll-Paque
      density gradients, 1.077 g/ml) isolated from spleen. A leukemic MNC line was
      derived from one of the spontaneously leukemic donors and then maintained in vivo
      by s.c. transfer of 2 X 10(7) spleen cells into 7-8-week-old syngeneic
      recipients. In these serial transplantation experiments leukemia that was
      clinically and morphologically indistinguishable from spontaneous leukemia in 104
      week-old rats was induced in 22-24-week-old rats. Enhanced enzyme activity in MNC
      was not essential to maintain the phenotypic expression of Fischer rat leukemia.
      The pattern of biochemical response in spleen MNC from transplanted cases was the
      opposite of that previously noted in spontaneously leukemic rats, with 50-70%
      decreases in the specific activities of pentose shunt enzymes and malate
      dehydrogenase. Reversal of the expression of these enzymes in MNC may be related
      to a difference in the growth rate of the tumors or to selective proliferation of
      the transplanted leukemic cells. In addition acetylcholinesterase activity
      decreased 35-85% in MNC of spleen and blood. Transplantable MNC from F344 rats
      provide abundant tumorigenic material with a novel biochemical expression that
      may be useful in the study of chemotherapeutic intervention.

PMID- 4028017
TI  - Relationship of queuine-lacking transfer RNA to the grade of malignancy in human
      leukemias and lymphomas.

PMID- 4028018
TI  - Peritoneal mesothelial cell injury factors in rat cancerous ascites.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism of the peritoneal dissemination of cancer, the
      influence of cancerous ascites on peritoneal mesothelial cells was studied by
      scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. We inoculated normal Donryu
      rats with AH100B ascites hepatoma cells and studied the influence of the
      supernatant from cancerous ascites on the normal rat peritoneal surface by i.p.
      injection. The mesothelial cells were damaged and exfoliated markedly, which is
      supposed to be a profitable condition for cancer cells to proliferate on the
      peritoneal surface. Therefore, the presence of mesothelial cell injury factors
      was noted. Subsequently, we divided the supernatant from rat cancerous ascites
      into four fractions by gel filtration and revealed the distribution of
      mesothelial cell injury factors by studying the influence of each fraction on the
      normal rat peritoneal surface. Although Fraction I (fibrin fraction) and Fraction
      II (IgG fraction) made no changes on the peritoneal surface, Fraction III
      (albumin fraction) and Fraction IV provoked damages on the mesothelial cells. We
      found that the mesothelial cell injury factors are present in the albumin
      fraction and in the fraction containing low-molecular-weight substances.

PMID- 4028019
TI  - Inhibition of tumor cell colony formation in culture by a monoclonal antibody to
      endogenous lectins.
AB  - The presence of endogenous, galactoside-specific lectin molecules on the surface
      of various neoplastic cells has been demonstrated recently using monoclonal
      antibody (mAb) 5D7 [Raz et al., EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J., 3: 2979, 1984].
      The effect of this mAb on the growth of several transformed and tumor cell lines
      of murine and human origin was investigated using in vitro techniques. A dose
      dependent reduction (30 to 100%) in colony formation on a solid substrate or in a
      semisolid medium was observed when the cells were cultured in the presence of 15
      to 100 micrograms of mAb 5D7 per ml of medium. Inhibition of anchorage
      independent growth was more pronounced (2- to 3-fold) than inhibition of
      anchorage-dependent growth for most of the cells. The growth-inhibitory effects
      of mAb 5D7 were not the result of a cytolytic activity, for neither DNA nor
      protein synthesis was suppressed in semiconfluent cell cultures after 3 days of
      exposure to the antibody. Other mAbs that recognize cell surface components, such
      as chondroitin sulfate or fibronectin, failed to inhibit colony formation. These
      results suggest that endogenous tumor cell-surface lectin molecules may be
      involved in intercellular interactions or interactions between the cells and
      exogenous ligands; these interactions are important for growth regulation.

PMID- 4028020
TI  - Cellular heterogeneity in normal and neoplastic human urothelium.
AB  - Cell suspensions derived from 2 specimens of normal human urothelium and 13 human
      transitional cell carcinomas were studied by discontinuous density gradient
      centrifugation. The histochemical and proliferative properties of the fractions
      were evaluated. In normal urothelium, DNA synthesis was restricted to a
      subpopulation of small round cells which could be partly separated from the more
      numerous pyramidal and giant cells on the basis of their higher physical density.
      Normal urothelium did not form colonies in agar. In well-differentiated tumors,
      the majority of cells present were low-density, elongated cells which
      histochemically resembled the differentiated pyramidal cells of normal tissue,
      but DNA synthesis and the ability to form colonies in agar were restricted to a
      subpopulation of high-density small round cells. Colony size analysis showed that
      intermediate-density bands contain cells capable of a few divisions which do not
      form large colonies. With increasing tumor grade, there was an apparent shift
      into the high-density clonogenic compartment.

PMID- 4028021
TI  - Increased level of amplification of the c-myc oncogene in tumors induced in nude
      mice by a human breast carcinoma cell line.
AB  - Cell line SW 613-S, derived from a human breast carcinoma, contained double
      minute chromosomes (DMs) but lost them progressively upon in vitro cultivation.
      These cells were tumorigenic in nude mice. Cell lines were derived from the
      tumors and were found to have a high DM content. In three such cell lines, DMs
      were stably maintained upon in vitro cultivation, whereas in another they were
      progressively lost. We found that the c-myc oncogene is amplified 5- to 10-fold
      in SW 613-S and 20- to 90-fold in the different cell lines derived from the
      tumors. At least part of the additional c-myc copies were found associated with a
      purified DM fraction. In cell lines which lost the DMs during in vitro passages,
      the level of amplification was maintained. In situ hybridization experiments
      indicated that this loss was compensated by the acquisition of copies of the c
      myc gene integrated into a chromosome. No major rearrangement of the amplified c
      myc gene was detected. The amount of c-myc messenger RNAs is roughly proportional
      to the level of amplification. Our results indicate that growth of SW 613-S cells
      as tumors in nude mice selected cells with an increased level of amplification
      and expression of the c-myc oncogene.

PMID- 4028022
TI  - Ability of specific monoclonal antibodies and conventional antisera conjugated to
      hematoporphyrin to label and kill selected cell lines subsequent to light
      activation.
AB  - A variety of cell lines have been prepared by fusion of the murine WEH1 3B cell
      line with peripheral blood leukocytes from a patient with chronic granulocytic
      leukemia. Fusion products were selected for their ability to produce a leukemia
      associated antigen (CAMAL) previously described. One such line which originally
      produced CAMAL subsequently lost this ability and was used as a negative control.
      A number of antibodies were conjugated to hematoporphyrin (HP) and tested for
      their ability to bind to cell lines as detected by either fluorescence or by
      their ability to kill cells after light activation. The antibodies used were:
      rabbit anti-Hu (a conventional rabbit antiserum raised to membrane preparations
      from normal human peripheral blood leukocytes which served as a positive
      control); CAMAL-1 (a monoclonal gamma 1 antibody with specificity for the CAMAL
      antigen); and L1210 (an irrelevant monoclonal gamma 1 antibody). HP was
      conjugated to the antibodies by a carbodiimide procedure. When labeled cells were
      examined by fluorescence microscopy, it was apparent that both the rabbit
      antibody and CAMAL-1:HP showed positive labeling. The ability of the antibody:HP
      conjugates to kill labeled cells following light activation was tested. It was
      shown that rabbit anti-Hu:HP and CAMAL-1:HP conjugates were capable of killing
      significant numbers of cells when HP concentrations were as low as 1.2 ng/10(6)
      cells, whereas similarly treated cells exposed to either L1210:HP or HP alone did
      not exhibit significant killing until concentrations reached 240 and 120 ng/10(6)
      cells, respectively. Further experiments in which other cell lines were tested,
      all at HP concentrations of 12 ng/10(6) cells, demonstrated that those lines
      producing CAMAL were killed, whereas negative lines were not.

PMID- 4028023
TI  - Comparison of binding proteins on the surface of murine tumor cells for two
      lectins active in the lectin-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxic reaction.
AB  - The binding proteins for Sarcophaga lectin and wheat germ agglutinin on the
      surface of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were compared. Studies with antibody
      against the binding protein for Sarcophaga lectin showed that these two binding
      proteins are different. Since these two lectins are both active in the lectin
      dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxic reaction with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells
      as target cells, there must be multiple proteins on the surface of target cells
      that can trigger cytolytic reaction in response to different lectins in the
      presence of macrophages.

PMID- 4028024
TI  - Surface antigens of melanomas and melanocytes defined by mouse monoclonal
      antibodies: specificity analysis and comparison of antigen expression in cultured
      cells and tissues.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) detecting 13 distinct systems of surface
      antigens on cultured melanocytes and melanomas were tested for reactivity with
      panels of (a) normal and malignant cultured cells; (b) normal adult and fetal
      tissues; and (c) specimens of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The
      objectives of this study were to compare antigen expression in cultured versus
      noncultured cells, to develop a panel of mAbs that identify subsets of melanomas,
      and to provide requisite information about antibody specificity in preparation
      for the use of antibodies in the diagnosis, imaging, and therapy of melanoma.
      Five of the melanoma surface antigens have been well characterized biochemically
      [GD3, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, HLA Class II antigens, glycoprotein of
      molecular weight 130,000 (gp130), and glycoprotein Mr 95,000/protein Mr 97,000
      (gp95/p97)]. Three antigens have been related to melanocyte differentiation (HLA
      Class II, M111/M231, and M144), and six provide additional markers for subsets of
      cultured melanomas. mAb R24 reacts with the disialoganglioside GD3, a predominant
      ganglioside on cultured melanoma cells and other cells of neuroectodermal origin.
      A high proportion of melanoma, astrocytoma, and sarcoma tissue specimens were
      GD3+. In normal tissues, reactivity of mAb R24 was restricted to melanocytes,
      neuronal and glial cells in the central nervous system, parotid gland, adrenal
      medullary cells, and rare cells in the connective tissue. mAb B5 detects a
      chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that is expressed by most melanoma and
      astrocytoma cell lines and by cultured melanocytes. Most of the melanoma and
      astrocytoma specimens were B5+, whereas other tumor types tested were B5-. mAb 13
      17, which detects a monomorphic determinant of HLA Class II antigens, reacted
      with melanomas, and with a variety of other cancers, but not with normal skin
      melanocytes. There is considerable variability in the expression of GD3 and HLA
      Class II antigens in individual melanoma specimens; cotyping for these two
      antigens showed no evidence for coordinate expression. mAb L101 detects gp130 and
      mAb L235 detects gp95, antigens that are strongly expressed on a broad range of
      cultured cell types. In contrast to their wide distribution on cultured cells,
      gp130 expression in tissues was generally restricted to a subset of melanomas and
      some normal cells, and gp95 was detected on only a small number of melanomas. mAb
      M111/mAb M231 and mAb M144 define intermediate and late stage differentiation
      markers of cultured melanocytes and melanomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4028025
TI  - Increased carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase II concentration in rat hepatomas:
      immunological evidence.
AB  - Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase II (glutamine hydrolyzing, EC 6.3.5.5) (synthetase
      II), the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo uridine monophosphate biosynthesis, was
      purified 230-fold to apparent homogeneity from rapidly growing rat hepatoma
      3924A. The antiserum (produced in rabbits against purified hepatoma 3924A enzyme)
      yielded a single precipitin line with crude and partially purified synthetase II
      of normal liver and three hepatomas. In hepatomas of slow (20), intermediate
      (7787), and rapid (3924A) growth rates, synthetase II activity was elevated 1.5-,
      2.3-, and 7.9-fold, and the amount of antiserum required to inactivate the
      activity was 1.6-, 2.3-, and 8.2-fold higher than that in normal liver. Thus the
      increase in synthetase II activity in the tumors was due to an elevation in the
      amount of the synthetase II enzyme protein.

PMID- 4028026
TI  - Amplification and elevated expression of c-myc in a chemically induced mouse
      colon tumor.
AB  - The amplification and level of expression of four cellular oncogenes was
      investigated in dimethylhydrazine-induced Mouse Colon Tumor 36 of Corbett et al.
      [Corbett, T. H. Griswold, D. P., Jr., Roberts, B. J., Peckham, J. C., and
      Schabel, F. M., Jr. Cancer (Phila.), 40:2660-2680, 1977], which has been used to
      evaluate potential chemotherapeutic agents. A 30- to 40-fold amplification of c
      myc was observed in the tumor DNA as compared to the DNA of normal colonic mucosa
      and liver. No changes were observed in the number of copies of c-mos, erbB, or
      bas. Digestion with three different restriction enzymes demonstrated that there
      was no major alteration in the genomic structure of c-myc in the amplified DNA.
      The level of c-myc RNA was 10-fold higher in both the total and polyadenylated
      RNA from the tumor when compared to RNA from normal colonic mucosa. Probes
      specific for the three myc exons were used in hybridization experiments and
      demonstrated that all three exons were present in the amplified DNA and in the
      mRNA.

PMID- 4028028
TI  - Stability of c-K-ras amplification during progression in a patient with
      adenocarcinoma of the ovary.
AB  - We have identified a case of serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary in which the
      tumor cells display an amplification (from 10- to 20-fold) of the cellular
      oncogene K-ras. Normal cells purified from the malignant ascites did not show
      such amplification. Five consecutive samples were obtained by paracentesis over a
      9-month period during which the patient received chemotherapy and underwent
      clinical progression. The level of c-K-ras amplification in the tumor cells did
      not change during this period. In studies of the tumors of 6 additional patients
      with adenocarcinoma of the ovary and 5 cell lines of the same histology, we have
      detected no other example of significant c-K-ras amplification.

PMID- 4028027
TI  - Intraperitoneal recombinant alpha-interferon for "salvage" immunotherapy in stage
      III epithelial ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.
AB  - Fourteen patients with persistent epithelial ovarian cancer documented at second
      look laparotomy after combination chemotherapy were treated with 146 cycles of
      alpha-recombinant interferon (rIFN-alpha 2) administered i.p. The initial dose
      was 5 X 10(6) units which was escalated weekly to 50 X 10(6) units over 4 weeks
      and then continued weekly for a total of 16 weeks. Eleven patients underwent
      surgical reevaluation after therapy which confirmed four pathological complete
      responses (36%), one partial response (9%), and disease progression in six
      patients (55%). Five of seven patients (71%) with residual tumor less than 5 mm
      had a surgically documented response, whereas there was no response in the four
      patients whose tumors were greater than or equal to 5 mm. Three patients were
      evaluable for clinical response only: one patient who refused surgery had a
      complete clinical response with total resolution of ascites; one had stable
      disease; and one had disease progression. Fever greater than or equal to 38
      degrees C was seen in 58%, fever greater than or equal to 39.0 degrees C was seen
      in 18%, vomiting in 37%, abdominal pain was reported in 22%, and one patient had
      infectious peritonitis. Peripheral white blood cell counts and i.p. washings were
      obtained pretreatment and on days 1, 3, and 7 after treatment. While there was no
      consistent alteration in peripheral white blood cell counts, the numbers of i.p.
      monocytes and lymphocytes showed a significant boost on day 1 after each dose of
      rIFN-alpha 2. Natural killer lymphocyte cytotoxicity was elevated in the i.p.
      cavity fluid obtained from most patients on day 1 after treatment, while blood
      natural killer lymphocyte cytotoxicity values showed considerable variability.
      Pharmacokinetic studies show that i.p. levels of rIFN-alpha 2 were 30-1000 times
      blood levels. rIFN-alpha 2 i.p. may act by increasing concentrations of drug and
      augmenting regional host cells in patients with minimal residual ovarian cancer.

PMID- 4028029
TI  - Humoral immune response of patients receiving specific active immunotherapy for
      renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - The object of this study was to characterize the antigens evoking an immune
      response in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients receiving specific active
      immunotherapy with irradiated autologous tumor cells and Corynebacterium parvum
      as adjuvant. Seventy serum samples from 11 patients with RCC undergoing specific
      active immunotherapy were evaluated. Fifty of the 70 serum specimens (71%) had
      immunoglobulin G antibody directed to autologous tumor cells. Absorption studies
      were completed on 4 patients (S.E., M.M., R.N., S.V.) with 2 patients (S.V. and
      M.M.) demonstrating reactivity to a RCC-associated antigen present on their
      autologous tumor cells. One patient's serum (R.N.) was absorbed not only with
      autologous tumor cells but also with an allogeneic RCC cell line. The fourth
      patient's (S. E.) serum reactivity was able to be absorbed only with autologous
      tumor cells and several, but not all, of the clones of that autologous cell line.
      Patient S.E. serum binding by clones of RCC cell line RPMI-SE was seen to vary
      from no ability to bind RPMI-SE in some clones to double the parental binding in
      others. Consistent with this finding was the demonstration that high serum
      binding clones could absorb Patient S.E. serum reactivity to autologous RCC
      cells, while low binding clones could not. These data suggest a measure of
      heterogeneity among the parental RCC cell line, as demonstrated by its clones.
      This study has shown that the autologous tumor vaccine with adjuvant used here
      was an immunogenic therapeutic agent. The response mounted by these patients was
      a response to a RCC-associated antigen with the level of reactivity changing with
      the number of immunizations and disease status. Also suggested by this work is
      the possible primary tumor heterogeneity, as demonstrated by the differential
      reactivity seen among clones of a RCC cell line established from such a primary
      tumor.

PMID- 4028030
TI  - Staphylococcal Protein A column: correlation of mitogenicity of perfused plasma
      with clinical response.
AB  - Eleven patients with advanced breast cancer and four with astrocytoma were
      treated with plasma perfused over columns containing staphylococcal Protein A
      (SPA). Doses of 5 to 20 mg of SPA were bound to collodion charcoal particles, and
      this treatment resulted in partial remissions in one patient with astrocytoma and
      in two patients with breast cancer. Remission duration was 6 wk to 6 mo.
      Resolution of lymphadenopathy and a decrease in carcinoembryonic antigen were
      noted in an additional two breast cancer patients. Systemic reactions to infused
      plasma consisted of fever, chills, and rigors. In brain cancer patients,
      increased intracranial pressure was also noted. A mitogenic substance was
      generated in plasma of 11 patients after it was perfused over the SPA charcoal
      matrix. The mitogenic material induced lymphoproliferation comparable to
      concanavalin A and required the presence of SPA on the collodion charcoal but was
      not due to leakage of SPA from the column during plasma perfusion. Of
      considerable significance was that only patients whose column perfused plasma
      contained this mitogenic activity exhibited systemic reactions, and five of these
      patients obtained antitumor responses. This striking correlation implies that the
      mitogenic factor is an active component of SPA therapy. The ability to
      demonstrate mitogenicity in column perfused plasma might also be useful for
      selecting patients amenable to SPA therapy. These findings attest to the
      therapeutic value of this mode of treatment and provide an initial definition of
      a mediator of SPA antitumor activity.

PMID- 4028031
TI  - Distribution of blood group antigens A, B, H, Lewisa, and Lewisb in human normal,
      fetal, and malignant colonic tissue.
AB  - In humans, most blood group substances (BGS) are expressed throughout the fetal
      colon but are absent from the distal portion of adult colon. Cancers of the
      distal colon frequently reexpress BGS thereby suggesting that these antigens
      behave as oncofetal antigens at this organ site. We used a sensitive
      immunoperoxidase method with monoclonal antibodies directed against blood groups
      A, B, O (H), Lewisa and Lewisb to systematically evaluate BGS expression in fetal
      colon, normal adult colon from immediate autopsies of kidney donors, mucosa
      adjacent to cancer (transitional mucosa) and colorectal cancer tissues. In normal
      colon, BG-A, B, H, and Lewisb were expressed in proximal but not distal colon,
      whereas Lewisa was distributed uniformly throughout the colon. In colon cancer,
      and fetal colon, the proximal-distal gradient of BG-A, B, H, and Lewisb
      expression was abolished because of enhanced distal expression of these antigens.
      In cancer tissues, three patterns of altered BGS expression emerged: (a)
      incompatible expression of BG-A or BG-B (over 50% of patients); (b) deletion of
      BGS; and (c) precursor BG-H accumulation (80% of 25 tumors). BGS staining of
      transitional mucosa closely resembled that of the adjacent tumor except that no
      examples of BGS deletion were encountered in transitional mucosa. The goblet cell
      secretory vacuole accounted for most of the BGS expression in normal colon, but
      cancer cells demonstrated differentiation-dependent antigenic expression such
      that well-differentiated tumors expressed BGS on cell apical membranes and
      glandular contents, but poorly differentiated cancers exhibited diffuse
      cytoplasmic staining. These findings confirm the oncofetal nature of BGS in
      distal colon cancer, and provide immunohistochemical evidence for a diverse
      repertoire of altered antigen expression in colon cancer. Further investigation
      is needed to elucidate the possible genetic and biochemical mechanisms involved.

PMID- 4028032
TI  - Aminoglutethimide-induced hematologic toxicity: worldwide experience.
AB  - Marked leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia occurred in 12 of 1333 patients treated
      with aminoglutethimide (0.9% incidence). Depression of blood cell counts was
      evident within 7 weeks of starting treatment. No delayed toxicity was
      encountered. Blood cell counts recovered promptly upon cessation of
      aminoglutethimide in all but one patient, who died from septicemia and marrow
      aplasia.

PMID- 4028033
TI  - Deep venous thrombosis during therapy for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Upon reviewing the case records of 177 patients with Hodgkin's disease, we
      identified ten patients (6%) with deep vein thromboses confirmed by diagnostic
      tests. Most of the patients initially presented with advanced Hodgkin's disease
      as defined by stage and constitutional symptoms. Thrombotic episodes usually
      occurred between cycles of chemotherapy in the absence of clinically detectable
      tumor. Infusion of chemotherapeutic vesicants may have contributed to the high
      proportion of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in this series. Thrombotic
      episodes did not necessarily imply recurrent disease. Three patients developed
      thromboses after completion of therapy and remained free of Hodgkin's disease or
      other malignancies at 85+, 18+, and 17+ months of follow-up.

PMID- 4028034
TI  - Phase II trial of gallium nitrate in patients with advanced malignant melanoma.
AB  - A phase II trial of gallium nitrate (250-300 mg/m2/day for 7 consecutive days)
      was conducted in patients with metastatic melanoma. Therapy was well-tolerated,
      but only one of 31 evaluable patients experienced a partial regression. Further
      evaluation of gallium nitrate at this dose and schedule is not warranted in
      patients with malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4028035
TI  - Antitumor activity of trans-bis(salicylaldoximato)copper(II): a novel
      antiproliferative metal complex.
AB  - trans-Bis(salicylaldoximato)copper(II) (CuSAO2), the parent compound of a new
      group of antiproliferative copper(II) complexes, was studied in vivo. It had
      marked antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in NMRI mice.
      Survival was considerably increased, and, in some cases, total cures were
      encountered. No activity against leukemia L1210 was found in female DBA/2J mice,
      although CuSAO2 is equally effective against L1210 and Ehrlich carcinoma cells in
      vitro. The side effects of CuSAO2 included weight loss, weakness, acrodynia, and
      blindness; all of these side effects were transient.

PMID- 4028036
TI  - Phase II study of recombinant alpha interferon in the treatment of advanced non
      small cell lung carcinoma.

PMID- 4028037
TI  - Phase II study of diaziquone in advanced soft tissue and bony sarcoma: a
      Southwest Oncology Group study.

PMID- 4028039
TI  - Treatment with monoclonal antibody to a Lewis lung carcinoma-associated antigen:
      different effects on primary tumor and its metastases.
AB  - The growth and dissemination of Lewis lung carcinoma have been analyzed following
      treatment of isolated tumor cells or of tumor-bearing animals with monoclonal
      antibody (MoAb) 135-13C, which recognizes a cell surface tumor-associated protein
      of 180,000 daltons. The results of this study indicate that MoAb 135-13C binds
      with high affinity to Lewis lung tumor cells and induces different effects on the
      primary tumor (20%-25% reduction of tumor weight) and its metastasis (twofold
      increase of lung nodule formation). Different schedules of MoAb 135-13C
      administration have shown that these effects are dose- and time-dependent. In
      particular, the maximum increase in metastasis formation is observed when the
      MoAb 135-13C is administered at time of systemic tumor dissemination. In vitro
      preincubation of tumor cells with MoAb prior to their iv injection into normal
      animals results in a significant increase of pulmonary metastatic nodules.

PMID- 4028038
TI  - Rate of M-component changes and plasma cell labeling index in 25 patients with
      multiple myeloma treated with peptichemio.
AB  - Twenty-five consecutive patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma were
      studied for bone marrow plasma cell labeling index, response to peptichemio
      induction therapy, and rate of M-component (MC) changes during the course of the
      disease. They received intermittent melphalan or cyclophosphamide as maintenance
      therapy and peptichemio associated with vincristine at first relapse. The
      response rate (76%) was independent of clinical stage, evaluated according to
      Merlini et al and to Durie and Salmon. Among responsive patients, rapid
      responders (half-life of MC decrease less than 47 days for IgA and IgG and less
      than 29 days for light chain myelomas) had a bone marrow plasma cell labeling
      index significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than that of slow responders. Rapid
      responders had a median survival of 15 months, while slow responders had a median
      survival of 42 months (P less than 0.05). The difference in survival between the
      two groups was accounted for mainly by the difference in duration of first
      response and the different rates of MC increase following it. Both of these
      parameters were directly related to the half-life of MC decrease at response in
      IgA and IgG myelomas. The duration of second response and the half-life of MC
      increase following it were shorter than the duration of first response and than
      the half-life of MC increase at first relapse.

PMID- 4028040
TI  - Factors modifying cytotoxicity induced by 5-FU and hydroxyurea.
AB  - Pretreatment of exponentially growing 9L cells for 24 hours with a nontoxic (0.77
      microM) or moderately toxic (7.7 microM) concentration of 5-FU (5-FUra) enhanced
      cell kill induced by a subsequent 6-hour treatment with 1.3 mM hydroxyurea (HU)
      by a magnitude of 1 log. In confluent 9L cultures or 9L cells treated in serum
      free medium that decreased the cycling population, however, the 5-FUra-HU
      combination did not enhance the cell kill. No recovery from potentially lethal
      damage was observed for up to 24 hours after treatment of 9L cells with 7.7
      microM 5-FUra alone or with 0.77 or 7.7 microM 5-FUra followed by 1.3 mM HU.
      These results show that 5-FUra and HU in combination kill cycling cells
      effectively and that cytotoxicity is fixed on completion of the treatment.
      Although the number of sister chromatid exchanges per metaphase increased
      significantly with increasing length of exposure to a nontoxic (0.77 microM) or
      moderately toxic (7.7 microM) concentration of 5-FUra, subsequent treatment with
      HU that resulted in cell kills of 70%-80% and 99%, respectively, did not increase
      the number of sister chromatid exchanges per metaphase beyond that expected from
      5-FUra treatment alone. Thus, the enhanced cell kill does not appear to be a
      result of direct DNA damage.

PMID- 4028041
TI  - Combination of dacarbazine and doxorubicin in the treatment of childhood
      rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - The combination of dacarbazine and doxorubicin was given to 26 children with
      untreated rhabdomyosarcoma to determine its efficacy as front-line chemotherapy.
      A treatment course consisted of 250 mg/m2 of dacarbazine given iv on Days 1-5 and
      60 mg/m2 of doxorubicin given iv on Day 1. After three courses of therapy, 17
      patients (65%) achieved partial response and nine failed to respond. The side
      effects of treatment consisted of nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms,
      neutropenia associated with fever, mucositis, and thrombocytopenia (rarely).
      Although the response rate is comparable to other drug combinations, the lack of
      complete responses to the combination indicates that it is less effective as
      front-line therapy.

PMID- 4028042
TI  - G.l.c. of O-methyloxime and alditol acetate derivatives of neutral sugars,
      hexosamines, and sialic acids: "one-pot" quantitative determination of the
      carbohydrate constituents of glycoproteins and a study of the selectivity of
      alkaline borohydride reductions.
AB  - A new procedure for the quantification by g.l.c. of the carbohydrate constituents
      of glycoproteins is proposed which involves (a) simultaneous action of
      neuraminidase and neuraminic acid aldolase, (b) hydrolysis with 4M
      trifluoroacetic acid at 125 degrees for 1 h, and (c) conversion of the products
      into O-methyloxime acetates and g.l.c. The procedure has been successfully tested
      on fetuin, transferrin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and mucin. The g.l.c.
      conditions used also enabled the complete separation of O-methyloxime and alditol
      acetate derivatives in one run, so that the release of carbohydrate chains from
      glycoproteins by treatment with alkaline borohydride can be investigated
      conveniently. There was complete release of O-linked oligosaccharides from fetuin
      on treatment with 0.1M NaOH/0.8M NaBH4 (68 h, 37 degrees) or 0.05M KOH/M KBH4 (24
      h, 45 degrees) and also release of approximately 75% and 35-40%, respectively, of
      N-asparagine-linked chains. Reduced oligosaccharides were formed only from O
      linked chains; the mechanism by which N-linked chains were released is still not
      clear.

PMID- 4028043
TI  - N.m.r. studies of the disulphated disaccharide obtained by degradation of bovine
      lung heparin with nitrous acid.
AB  - The disulphated disaccharide IdoA(2SO3)-anManOH(6SO3) was prepared from bovine
      lung heparin by treatment with nitrous acid followed by borohydride reduction.
      The 1H- (400 MHz) and 13C-n.m.r. (100 MHz) spectra of this disaccharide
      derivative have been assigned completely using homonuclear spin-decoupling
      experiments, 13C-1H correlations, and a COSY-45 two-dimensional homonuclear
      correlation experiment. The 3JH,H values show that the IdoA(2SO3) residue exists
      in a single conformation throughout the temperature range 20-90 degrees.

PMID- 4028044
TI  - Bacteriophage degradation of Klebsiella K44 polysaccharide: an n.m.r. study and
      chemical proof of the position of the acetate group.
AB  - Bacteriophages (phi) have been used to degrade polysaccharides into
      oligosaccharides containing one or more of their repeating units. The capsular
      polysaccharide from Klebsiella K44 contains an acetate group, and n.m.r.
      spectroscopy and chemical methods have been employed to prove its linkage to O-6
      of the 4-linked glucose residue. Phage phi 44 was shown to be an alpha
      glucosidase not influenced by the acetate moiety and thus able to depolymerize
      the polysaccharide into pentasaccharide repeating units, some of which contained
      acetate on O-6 of the reducing glucose residue. The two oligosaccharides were
      studied by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy, and their spectra were compared with
      those of the native and the deacetylated polysaccharide. 13C-n.m.r. was a useful
      tool for locating the 6-linked acetate, the position of which was confirmed by
      the method of temporary protection using methyl vinyl ether. The importance of
      using bacteriophages to obtain oligosaccharides is highlighted by the better
      results obtained with the oligosaccharide in comparison to the polysaccharide,
      both in n.m.r. spectroscopy and the temporary protection method.

PMID- 4028046
TI  - A new approach to the synthesis of beta-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides
      containing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose residues.

PMID- 4028045
TI  - Modification of blood-borne arrest properties of lymphoma cells by inhibitors of
      protein glycosylation suggests the existence of endogenous lectins.
AB  - The requirement for intact carbohydrates of glycoproteins at the cell surface was
      investigated after treatment of lymphoma cells with compounds which interfere at
      different steps in N-linked glycosylation: swainsonine and 1-deoxynojirimycin act
      at different levels during the processing, so that complex oligosaccharides
      cannot be formed; 2-deoxyglucose, beta-hydroxynorvaline, and tunicamycin
      completely prevent the formation of N-linked (high-mannose as well as complex)
      oligosaccharides. The role of sialic acid was investigated by treating the cells
      with neuraminidase. These treatments resulted in altered patterns of surface
      labelled glycoproteins after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Blood-borne
      arrest of lymphoma cells in the spleen was sensitive to neuraminidase and to
      treatments interfering with the processing of complex N-linked oligosaccharides.
      It is suggested that carbohydrates are signals for cellular interactions involved
      in the recirculation and homing behaviour of lymphoid cells and probably interact
      with endogenous lectins at their site of homing.

PMID- 4028047
TI  - Synthesis of a tri- and a hepta-saccharide which contain alpha-L-fucopyranosyl
      groups and are part of the complex type of carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins.
AB  - Reaction of a thioglycoside with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (methyl
      triflate) in the presence of a hydroxyl compound is an efficient glycosylation
      method. Thus, methyl triflate-promoted condensation of ethyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2
      deoxy-2-phthalimido-1-thio-3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-a lpha-L- fucopyranosyl)-beta
      D-glucopyranoside with benzyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and with
      benzyl 2,4-di-O-benzyl-3,6-di-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alp
      ha-D- mannopyranoside gave a trisaccharide and a heptasaccharide derivative,
      respectively. The trisaccharide 1 and the heptasaccharide 2, which are parts of
      the complex type of glycoproteins, were obtained by removal of the protecting
      groups and N-acetylation. (formula: see text).

PMID- 4028048
TI  - Synthesis of a tetra- and a nona-saccharide which contain alpha-L-fucopyranosyl
      groups and are part of the complex type of carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins.
AB  - Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate-promoted condensation of ethyl 6-O-benzyl-2
      deoxy-2-phthalimido-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-1-thio
      3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)- beta-D- glucopyranoside with
      benzyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and benzyl 2,4-di-O-benzyl-3,6
      di-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alp ha-D- mannopyranoside gave a
      tetrasaccharide and a nonasaccharide derivative, respectively. The
      tetrasaccharide 1 and the nonasaccharide 2 were obtained after removal of the
      protecting groups and N-acetylation. (formula: see text).

PMID- 4028050
TI  - An unusual reaction of 1,6-anhydroaldohexopyranose derivatives leading to
      glycals.
AB  - Treatment of a solution of the 2-O-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl) derivative 3 of the
      levoglucosenone-derived carbocycle 1 in liquid ammonia at -40 to -50 degrees with
      sodium metal gave 73% of the glycal derivative 4 instead of the expected 2-deoxy
      derivative (2) of 1. Under the same conditions, the 2-O-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl)
      derivatives of 1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy-4-C-methyl-beta-D-ribo- and -arabino
      hexopyranoses gave, after acetylation, 70% of 6-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4
      trideoxy-4-C-methyl-D-erythro-hex-1-enit ol. In contrast, the 2-(N,N-dimethyl
      sulfamates) obtained from 1,6-anhydro-3,4-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-galacto- and 
      talo-pyranose gave 6-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-lyxo-hex
      1-enit ol in only low yields; the oxy substituent at C-3 may interfere with the
      reaction leading to the glycal.

PMID- 4028049
TI  - Synthesis of N-glycopeptides and a neoglycoprotein.
AB  - O-(alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl)-(1----6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----6)-1-N 
      (glycylglycylglycyl-L-seryl-L-leucyl-L-glutam-5-oyl)-alpha- D 
      glucopyranosylamine has been prepared, as a model of a derivative possibly
      present in the glomerular basement membrane of rats, by condensation of the
      corresponding L-glutamyl derivative of the trisaccharide with the pentapeptide in
      the presence of O,O-diethyl cyanophosphonate. Protective groups were removed by O
      deacetylation, deethoxylation, and hydrogenolysis. The glutamyl derivative of the
      trisaccharide was also converted into the acyl azide which was condensed with
      bovine serum albumin to form a neoglycoprotein.

PMID- 4028051
TI  - Compartmentation of glycogen metabolism in the liver.
AB  - The incorporation of radioactivity into liver glycogen has been shown not only to
      be a metabolically inhomogeneous process but also to depend critically on the
      nature of the precursor. D-Galactose is incorporated into glycogen by a mechanism
      which is separate from that associated with the incorporation of D-glucose. D
      Galactose is favoured for incorporation into high-molecular-weight glycogen and
      consequently is affected more by treatment of the animal with the antibiotic
      tunicamycin, since high-molecular-weight glycogen is preferentially found in the
      lysosomal compartment.

PMID- 4028052
TI  - 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. assignments and conformational analysis of some monosaccharide
      and oligosaccharide substrate-analogues of lysozyme.
AB  - The 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectra of solutions of GlcNAc, beta-GlcNAc-(1----4)
      GlcNAc, and beta-GlcNAc-(1----4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1----4)-GlcNAc in D2O at 50 degrees
      are interpreted in terms of the conformations, using a combination of 1D- and 2D
      n.m.r. spectroscopy and spectra simulation techniques. Two preferred orientations
      of the hydroxymethyl group were found for each of these saccharides. The
      conformations have been compared with those found from X-ray crystallographic
      data and conformational energy calculations.

PMID- 4028053
TI  - Identification of the tetrasaccharide repeating-unit of the Streptococcus
      pneumoniae type 23 polysaccharide by high-field proton n.m.r. spectroscopy.
AB  - One- and two-dimensional 500-MHz 1H-n.m.r. studies of the capsular polysaccharide
      from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 23 have been used to determine its structure,
      which was confirmed by limited degradation. The proposed structure (1) differs
      from those suggested previously and the phosphate group has been located
      tentatively at position 3 of the glucosyl residue. (Formula: see text).

PMID- 4028054
TI  - Possible platelet activation during exercise in mitral valve prolapse patients.

PMID- 4028055
TI  - Diagnosis of fetal heart abnormalities by echocardiography and its significance
      in the obstetric and fetal management.

PMID- 4028056
TI  - [Diagnosis of ischemic cardiopathy by bidimensional echocardiography during
      transesophageal atrial pacing].

PMID- 4028057
TI  - [Plasma increase of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, a dopamine metabolite, in cardiac
      decompensation].

PMID- 4028058
TI  - [Influence of acute changes in load on the rate of active relaxation in humans].

PMID- 4028059
TI  - [Coronary disease: medical or surgical therapy?].

PMID- 4028060
TI  - Biological significances in granular cells of ameloblastoma--histochemical
      identification of sugar residues and filamentous proteins, morphometry and DNA
      cytometry of granular cells.

PMID- 4028061
TI  - Metabolic studies as a diagnostic measure for cancer--I. Adenocarcinomas of
      different organs, especially the human mamma.

PMID- 4028062
TI  - Changes in chromatin structure and transcription activity by starvation and
      dietary sucrose in mature and immature intestinal epithelial cells of the rat.

PMID- 4028064
TI  - Studies on fresh water snails, specific intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis-
      III. Isolation of total proteins from chemically pretreated snails.

PMID- 4028063
TI  - Circadian and seasonal rhythm of beta-glucuronidase in rat liver.

PMID- 4028065
TI  - [Effect of various effectors on alkaline phosphatase of beef kidney].

PMID- 4028066
TI  - The role of brain extracellular proteins in neuroplasticity and learning.
AB  - Double labeling studies of the pattern of protein synthesis in goldfish and mouse
      brain identified a class of glycoproteins (the ependymins) whose turnover rate
      was enhanced after training. A variety of control experiments indicated that
      these macromolecules have an important role in the molecular and cell biology of
      learning. Antisera to the ependymins when injected into the brains of trained
      goldfish cause amnesia of a newly acquired behavior. Isolation and localization
      studies by immunocytochemical methods indicate that the ependymins are released
      into the brain extracellular fluid by a class of neurosecretory cells. In
      mammalian brain ependymin-containing cells are highly concentrated in the limibic
      system. The ependymins are constituted from two disulfide-linked acidic
      polypeptide chains (M.W.37K and 31K). They contain at least 5% covalently bound
      carbohydrate per chain with mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N
      acetylneuraminic acid as the predominant components. The highly soluble
      ependymins can rapidly polymerize to form an insoluble fibrous matrix if calcium
      is removed from solution by the addition of a Ca2+-chelating agent or dialysis.
      The self-aggregation property of the ependymins can be triggered by the depletion
      of Ca2+ from the extracellular space. Studies of the kinetics of the aggregation
      phenomenon by measurements of turbidity changes indicate that the process can be
      terminated but not reversed by restoring Ca2+ to its normal CSF level.
      Immunohistochemical studies of the brains of trained goldfish show the presence
      of punctate statining sites in the perimeter of certain cells located in specific
      brain regions. This suggests that ependymin aggregation might occur in vivo
      during learning. A molecular hypothesis relating the aggregation properties of
      the ependymins to neuroplasticity and learning is proposed.

PMID- 4028067
TI  - [An infectious origin of schizophrenia?].

PMID- 4028068
TI  - [Comparison of the loading test and the histamine test in patients with bronchial
      asthma].

PMID- 4028069
TI  - [The effect of cholinergic and histaminergic receptor block and prostaglandin
      synthesis inhibition on the secretion of growth hormone after glucagon].

PMID- 4028070
TI  - [The elimination of a man from paternity on the basis of the HLA system in a
      family study].

PMID- 4028071
TI  - [The importance and the mission of medical historiography].

PMID- 4028072
TI  - [Ayurveda--the traditional Indian medical system].

PMID- 4028073
TI  - [Possibilities and limitations of psychotherapy under the conditions of intensive
      care units].

PMID- 4028074
TI  - [Prognostic value of the early stress test and the significance of indicators in
      the electrocardiogram at rest in patients with myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4028075
TI  - [Deep hypothermia with temporary circulatory arrest in the surgery of congenital
      heart defects in small children. I. Biochemical changes in the blood and urine].

PMID- 4028076
TI  - [Deep hypothermia with temporary circulatory arrest in the surgery of congenital
      heart defects in small children. II. Functional changes during surface cooling.
      Total oxygen consumption during extracorporeal circulation].

PMID- 4028077
TI  - [Hematologic changes after a nuclear explosion].

PMID- 4028078
TI  - [Prospective study of lung cancer in hospitalized patients. I. Basic data on 618
      patients].

PMID- 4028079
TI  - [Assessing drug effects].

PMID- 4028080
TI  - [The effect of decreased intrathoracic pressure on systolic time intervals in
      patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4028081
TI  - [The 47,XXX syndrome in a family with the fragile X chromosome syndrome].

PMID- 4028082
TI  - [Experimental model of splanchnic lymphostasis. Induction of chronic
      pancreatopathy].

PMID- 4028083
TI  - [The protected coagulum method--the basis for rational chemoprophylaxis in
      surgery].

PMID- 4028084
TI  - [Possibilities of protecting the ischemic focus in the myocardium].

PMID- 4028085
TI  - [The mission of the information unit in a scientific research institute].

PMID- 4028086
TI  - [Noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 4028087
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus and the eye].

PMID- 4028088
TI  - [The significance of computer tomography in the differential diagnosis of septic
      fevers].

PMID- 4028089
TI  - [Preventive parasitologic examination of university students as part of
      taeniarhynchosis control].

PMID- 4028090
TI  - [Theophylline drugs with a prolonged (depot) effect].

PMID- 4028091
TI  - [The role of the physicians in the formation of attitudes by the population
      regarding questions of the environment].

PMID- 4028092
TI  - [Prospective study of lung cancer in hospitalized patients. III. Prognosis of
      patients in relation to the radiographic picture].

PMID- 4028094
TI  - [Morphology and medicine].

PMID- 4028093
TI  - [Statistical evaluation of creatinine and urea excretion in patients in critical
      condition].

PMID- 4028095
TI  - [Nitrosamines--potential carcinogens?].

PMID- 4028096
TI  - [Initial experience in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus using
      plasmapheresis].

PMID- 4028097
TI  - [2 years' experience with the treatment of symptomatic liver porphyria with
      pyrimethamine].

PMID- 4028098
TI  - [Hemo-obstructive ileus in secondary pancytopenia].

PMID- 4028099
TI  - [Neurotoxicity--an old and new threat to mankind].

PMID- 4028100
TI  - [Diagnosis of cerebral ischemic malacia using computer tomography (CT)].

PMID- 4028101
TI  - [The diagnosis and clinical significance of the empty sella syndrome].

PMID- 4028102
TI  - [IgG synthesis in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis and other
      neurologic diseases. Measurement and validity].

PMID- 4028104
TI  - [What is UNICEF?].

PMID- 4028103
TI  - [24-hour whole-body retention of 99mTc-diphosphonate. Another method for
      osteological examination].

PMID- 4028105
TI  - [Terms with the component -pathia].

PMID- 4028106
TI  - Mitotic response to wounding in goitrous and normal rat thyroid: implications for
      thyroid growth control.
AB  - Thyroid growth in the rat in response to a sustained elevation of serum
      thyrotropin (TSH) is limited by a progressive desensitization of the follicular
      cells to the mitogenic action of TSH which is not reversed by withdrawal of
      stimulation or by reduction of cell number. This study shows that, in thyroids
      which have reached a 'plateau' of growth, wounding induces a marked local
      follicular cell mitotic response which is equal in magnitude to that seen in
      control glands. This demonstrates that these cells, which are refractory to TSH,
      have not lost the capacity to divide. It is concluded that limitation of TSH
      induced thyroid growth is not due to a non-specific loss of mitotic capacity
      resulting from severe hypothyroidism or goitrogen toxicity, or to an inherent
      limitation of the number of divisions which a follicular cell can undergo. The
      implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 4028107
TI  - Effect of trifluoperazine on DNA synthesis during liver regeneration.
AB  - An intraperitoneal injection of the calcium-calmodulin blocker trifluoperazine
      into rats at 4 hr after a partial hepatectomy produced a strong inhibition of DNA
      synthesis observed at 24 hr after surgery; but when injection was administered at
      20 hr after hepatectomy, it did not produce any effect on DNA replication. These
      observations indicate that trifluoperazine acted by blocking one or more events
      involved in triggering DNA replication but it did not affect on-going DNA
      synthesis. A more detailed study indicated that when trifluoperazine was injected
      at 4 hr after surgery, a 12 hr delay in the cytosolic calmodulin surge observed
      between 6 and 12 hr after partial hepatectomy (previous to initiation of DNA
      replication) and also in the starting of DNA synthesis was produced. These
      findings suggest that the pre-replicative surge of cytosolic calmodulin could be
      involved in triggering DNA synthesis observed after partial hepatectomy.

PMID- 4028108
TI  - Self-renewal capacity and clonal succession of haemopoietic stem cells in long
      term bone marrow culture.
AB  - The CFU-s proliferative potential varied greatly during long-term cultivation.
      Most of the CFU-s in the cultures were represented by cells with low renewal
      capacity. Pre-CFU-s cells capable of producing multipotential colonies in
      methylcellulose, which contained CFU-s with a high proliferative potential, were
      identified in the culture. In cultivation of a mixture of cells of different
      karyotype their ratio changed rapidly from week to week. The findings were
      consistent with the hypothesis that haemopoietic stem cells are maintained in the
      culture by the products of a small number of clones which arise and decline in
      succession, and that pre-CFU-s, but not the CFU-s themselves, are clonogenic
      progenitors.

PMID- 4028109
TI  - Effect of vinblastine on the cell cycle and migration of ameloblasts of mouse
      incisors as shown by autoradiography using 3H-thymidine.
AB  - The effects of vinblastine on the cell cycle and the migration of ameloblasts
      were studied in the lower incisors of mice by labelling the cells with 3H
      thymidine ([3H]TdR) and radioautography. A group of mice received 2 micrograms/g
      of body weight vinblastine intraperitoneally and 6 hr after these animals and
      those of a control group were injected with 1 microCi/g body weight of [3H]TdR,
      and sacrificed at time intervals from 0.75 hr to 15 days. The generation time of
      ameloblasts in the progenitor compartment was 14.8 hr in animals treated with
      vinblastine and 17 hr in the controls, using the FLM curve method; with the grain
      dilution method the duration was respectively 29.25 hr and 25.96 hr. The
      thymidine labelling index of the treated animals was 50% higher than the
      controls. The velocity of ameloblast migration, determined either by the
      displacement of the most incisally labelled cell or by the grain dilution method,
      was lower in the experimental group (2.48 cell positions/hr and 9.18 microns/hr
      respectively) as compared with the control (3.21 cell positions/hr and 18.88
      microns/hr respectively). The results on the ameloblast production rate are
      contradictory but the slowing down in the velocity of cell migration is
      compatible with a decrease of the rate of cell production in the progenitor
      compartment as a vinblastine effect.

PMID- 4028110
TI  - Mesenteric lymphoblast localization throughout the murine small intestine:
      temporal analysis relating intestinal length and lymphoblast division.
AB  - Mesenteric lymphoblasts (MLN) have a predilection to selectively localize in the
      lamina propria and epithelium of the small intestine. Using an adoptive transfer
      method, we examined the localization kinetics of these blasts in the intestinal
      wall with respect to their distribution from duodenum to terminal ileum and also
      assessed their mitotic activity by autoradiographic techniques. 3H-thymidine
      labelled MLN cells were found throughout the small intestine by 6 hr post
      transfer and reached a maximum frequency in this organ by 24 hr post-transfer.
      Donor blasts were most frequent in the duodenum and terminal ileum regions of the
      gut. Subsequently, the frequency of labelled cells throughout the intestinal wall
      declined to near zero. The apparent accumulation of MLN blasts in the gut was not
      related to either a temporary retention and departure from the pulmonary
      vasculature or to mitotic division of labelled cells in the gut wall. A model
      describing the relationship between MLN blast localization kinetics in various
      segments of the intestine was formulated.

PMID- 4028111
TI  - Analysis of cell types identifiable in air-dried cell preparations of human
      testis.
AB  - The mixed cell population of the testicular epithelium has been studied in air
      dried cell preparations obtained from a testicular biopsy. Observed cell types
      are defined, quantified and assigned to cell stages of the spermatogenic cycle.
      Studies with tritiated thymidine helped to categorize the spermatogonial cell
      types. Variation in cell size within cell categories, variation in frequency of
      cells in different categories within individuals, and variation in frequency of
      cells within categories between individuals were subjected to quantitative
      analysis.

PMID- 4028112
TI  - Graphical method for analysing stathmokinetic data.
AB  - The accumulation of cells in G2M measured flow cytometrically follows a straight
      line when plotted against time in colcemid with the transform ln (1 + fG2M),
      where fG2M is the fraction of cells in the G2M peak. Extending this function to
      the value, ln 2, will locate a point B. Drawing a line from point B to ln 1
      perpendicular to the abscissa, will locate point A at the initial value of ln (1
      + fG2M). A line from ln 2 at t = 0 through point A will intersect the abscissa at
      the cell doubling time. Application of this method to the depletion of G1 cells
      is also possible.

PMID- 4028113
TI  - Liver DNA synthesis after phenytoin injection in adult NMRI mice.
AB  - Stimulation of hepatocyte DNA synthesis was observed in adult mice, as measured
      by the number of parenchymal cells in S phase, at two different times after a
      single i.p. injection of diphenylhydantoin (DPH): 18 and 25 hr. No such
      stimulation was obtained for Kupffer or endothelial cells.

PMID- 4028114
TI  - Differential permeability of pineal capillaries to lanthanum ion in the rat
      (Rattus norvegicus), gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) and golden hamster
      (Mesocricetus auratus).
AB  - Capillaries in the pineal gland of the rat (Rattus norvegicus), gerbil (Meriones
      unguiculatus) and golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) were investigated by
      means of electron-microscopical tracer studies using lanthanum. The tracer was
      administered together with the fixative solution by perfusion via the left
      cardiac ventricle. In the rat, endothelial junctions of fenestrated capillaries
      are permeable to lanthanum. In the gerbil the tracer does not leave the
      capillaries, which are of the non-fenestrated type throughout the organ. In the
      golden hamster the two portions of the pineal system have different types of
      capillaries. While in the superficial pineal fenestrated capillaries permeable to
      lanthanum predominate, the deep pineal possesses capillaries that are, without
      exception, devoid of fenestrations and impermeable to the tracer. It is suggested
      that differences in the structure of the capillaries are related to differences
      in the extent of a specialized contact of the pineal gland to the third
      ventricle.

PMID- 4028115
TI  - Contact behaviour exhibited by migrating neural crest cells in confrontation
      culture with somitic cells.
AB  - When grown in confrontation culture on a planar substratum, avian neural crest
      cells and somite cells display both homotypic and heterotypic contact inhibition
      of movement as judged by analysis of time-lapse video recordings of locomotory
      and contact behaviour, and by use of a nuclear overlap assay. It is therefore
      unlikely that migration of neural crest cells within the embryo, and within
      embryonic tissues, can be explained on the basis of a lack of contact inhibition.
      The results are discussed in the general context of cell invasiveness.

PMID- 4028116
TI  - Morphometry of muscle fibre types in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Relationships
      between structural and contractile characteristics.
AB  - Ultrastructural parameters of muscle fibre types of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
      were measured and compared with their contractile properties. In red fibres,
      which are slower than pink fibres, the relative length of the junction between
      the T system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (T-SR junction) is smaller and the Z
      lines are thicker than in pink fibres. Pink fibres have a smaller relative length
      of T-SR junction than white fibres from the axial muscles. The two types of red
      fibres present in carp muscle also differ in their relative lengths of T-SR
      junction. Significant differences in the relative areas of the SR were not found.
      The relative volume of myofibrils in red fibres is two-thirds that in pink
      fibres, a difference that is not reflected in the maximal isometric tetanic
      tensions of these types. Red fibres, which are less easily fatigued than pink
      fibres, have larger relative volumes of subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar
      mitochondria. Small pink fibres have a larger relative volume of subsarcolemmal
      mitochondria than large pink fibres, but have a similar relative volume of
      intermyofibrillar mitochondria. Small and large pink fibres differ in the
      relative volumes of their membrane systems, but have similar relative lengths of
      T-SR junction.

PMID- 4028117
TI  - 1-Methylguanine and 7-methylguanine increase cell agglutinability.
AB  - 1-Methylguanine and 7-methylguanine, both metabolic products of tRNA degradation,
      are known to induce transformation of Chinese hamster fibroblasts in culture. The
      effects of these compounds on the cell membrane have been studied by the method
      of Concanavalin A-mediated hemadsorption. 1-Methylguanine or 7-methylguanine
      induced a 50% increase of Con A-mediated hemadsorption within 20 hours of
      exposure of the cells to the agent at a concentration of 10(-5) M. This
      alteration was reversed within 13 days when the cells were grown in the control
      medium. Prolonged treatment with 1-methylguanine or 7-methylguanine resulted in
      changes which were only slowly reversed during growth of the cells in the control
      medium. The effect of the methylated purines on the cell membrane could be
      completely inhibited by simultaneous addition of dibutyryl-cAMP at a
      concentration of 10(-5) M. The possible mechanism of cell membrane alteration by
      methylated purines and its relevance to transformation in vitro are discussed.

PMID- 4028118
TI  - Embryonic rat adrenal glands in organ culture: effects of dexamethasone, nerve
      growth factor and its antibodies on pheochromoblast differentiation.
AB  - In the present study we sought to determine the developmental potentialities and
      restrictions of adrenal medullary cells (pheochromoblasts) by investigating their
      morphological and biochemical response to nerve growth factor (NGF), anti-NGF
      antibodies and dexamethasone (DEX) after explantation into culture at different
      embryonic stages. With the exception of explants taken at embryonic day 15 (E 15)
      cultures of embryonic adrenal glands showed neurite outgrowth, which was not
      influenced by the addition of NGF, anti-NGF antibodies or DEX to the culture
      medium during the 4-day-culture period. Pheochromoblasts in E 17 + 4 explants
      showed spontaneous ultramorphological and biochemical maturation in terms of an
      increase in the number of catecholamine storage vesicles (CSVs) per micron 2 of
      cytoplasmic area, diameters of the cores of CSVs, percentages of electron-lucent
      cores of CSVs indicative of increased storage of adrenaline, overall
      catecholamine (CA) content and relative amount of adrenaline. NGF did not
      significantly affect this maturational process. Anti-NGF antibodies slightly
      decreased the proportion of adrenaline. The most pronounced maturation was seen
      in response to DEX and DEX plus NGF, although a maturational state equivalent to
      the E 21 stage was not achieved. E 21 + 4 explants showed neither spontaneous nor
      drug-induced biochemical maturation. Medullary cells in NGF-treated E 21 explants
      frequently retained the morphological features of pheochromoblasts. Treatment
      with anti-NGF antibodies significantly reduced the portion of adrenaline as
      compared to any other treatment. We conclude that under the culture conditions
      employed (1) a few pheochromoblasts spontaneously express a neuronal phenotype,
      (2) differentiation of pheochromoblasts towards chromaffin cells is enhanced by
      glucocorticoids but not by NGF, and (3) anti-NGF antibodies do not impair
      spontaneous neuritic growth and morphological maturation of pheochromoblasts, but
      cause a small reduction in the relative amount of adrenaline.

PMID- 4028119
TI  - Stannius corpuscles and plasma calcium levels during the reproductive cycle in
      the cichlid teleost fish, Oreochromis mossambicus.
AB  - The corpuscles of Stannius (CS) of the cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus (formerly
      Sarotherodon mossambicus) were studied in relation to sexual maturation and
      plasma calcium levels. After sexual maturation, the CS are enlarged in female
      fish, because of an increase in size and number of the type-1 cells. During the
      ovarian cycle, the size of the CS increases in parallel with the growth of the
      ovaries. Concurrently, plasma total calcium increases markedly until spawning.
      This increase is mainly accounted for by calcium bound to proteins
      (vitellogenins), but the ultrafiltrable calcium fraction is also slightly higher
      than in males. Ovariectomy is followed by a reduction in the size of the CS,
      mainly a result of involution of the type-1 cells, and by a reduction in plasma
      calcium to levels typical for males. Gonadectomy in males does not affect size or
      ultrastructure of the CS, or plasma calcium levels. Since the type-1 cells of the
      CS are the presumptive source of a hypocalcemic hormone, we conclude that
      activation of the CS during the female reproductive cycle is a response to
      elevated calcium levels that accompany ovarian maturation. We suggest that the CS
      respond in particular to the elevated ultrafiltrable or ionic calcium levels.

PMID- 4028120
TI  - Structure of tendon organs of the rat after neonatal de-efferentation.
AB  - The number, size and structure of tendon organs were examined in leg muscles of
      the rat 3-19 weeks after de-efferentation performed in newborn animals by removal
      of the lumbosacral spinal cord. After this operation, tendon organs
      differentiated and grew in disused muscles and were innervated by primary sensory
      neurons, the dorsal roots of which had been disrupted. Three weeks after de
      efferentation extensor digitorum longus muscles contained 14.1 +/- 1.0 (mean +/-
      standard error) and soleus muscles had 14.2 +/- 1.6 tendon organs, which
      corresponds to the mean number of tendon organs in the respective control
      muscles. The mean size of tendon organs was, however, changed. Tendon organs
      became on the average by 53% longer and by 35% thinner in de-efferented extensor
      digitorum longus muscles that were prolonged due to immobilization, as compared
      with shorter and wider tendon organs in de-efferented soleus muscle that remained
      in the shortened position. The ultrastructural differentiation of tendon organs
      was completed after the operation as under normal conditions. Thus it can be
      concluded that elimination of muscle function during the period of postnatal
      development indirectly affects the mean size of these receptors, but does not
      otherwise interfere with their morphogenesis.

PMID- 4028121
TI  - Coupling of gap junctions by induction of impulse conductivity in cultured
      epithelium of newt embryo (Cynops orientalis).
AB  - Impulse generation and propagation was previously shown to occur in skin
      epithelium of newt (Cynops orientalis) embryos during certain stages of
      development and to be correlated with morphological changes of gap junctions.
      These properties are not detected in embryonic epithelia explanted and grown in
      culture. However, early explants when transplanted to a host embryo develop
      conductivity, and relatively large gap junctions with loose arrangement of
      connexons occur as soon as the host embryo reaches the stage when conductivity is
      at its maximum. In contrast, morphological and physiological characteristics of
      impulse propagation are lost when the transplanted epithelium is extirpated from
      the host embryo and returned to in-vitro conditions. Therefore, it appears that
      impulse propagation is dependent not solely on the differentiation of epithelial
      cells but upon signals from non-epithelial (possibly mesodermal) tissue as well.

PMID- 4028122
TI  - Interneuronal and glial-neuronal gap junctions in the lamina ganglionaris of the
      compound eye of the housefly, Musca domestica.
AB  - The cell-body layer of the lamina ganglionaris of the housefly, Musca domestica,
      contains the perikarya of five types of monopolar interneuron (L1-L5) along with
      their enveloping neuroglia (Strausfeld 1971). We confirm previous reports
      (Trujillo-Cenoz 1965; Boschek 1971) that monopolar cell bodies in the lamina form
      three structural classes: Class I, Class II, and midget monopolar cells. Class-I
      cells (L1 and L2) have large (8-15 microns) often crescent-shaped cell bodies,
      much perinuclear cytoplasm and deep glial invaginations. Class-II cells (L3 and
      L4) have smaller perikarya (4-8 microns) with little perinuclear cytoplasm and no
      glial invaginations. The 'midget' monopolar cell (L5) resides at the base of the
      cell-body layer and has a cub-shaped cell body. Though embedded within a
      reticulum of satellite glia, the L1-L4 monopolar perikarya and their immediately
      proximal neurites frequently oppose each other directly. Typical arthropod (beta
      type) gap junctions are routinely observed at these interfaces. These junctions
      can span up to 0.8 micron with an intercellular space of 2-4 nm. The surrounding
      nonspecialized interspace is 12-20 nm. Freeze-fracture replicas of monopolar
      appositions confirm the presence of beta-type gap junctions, i.e., circular
      plaques (0.15-0.7 micron diam.) of large (10-15 nm) E-face particles. Gap
      junctions are present between Class I somata and their proximal neurites, between
      Class I and Class II somata and proximal neurites, and between Class II somata.
      Intercartridge coupling may exist between such monopolar somata. The cell body
      and proximal neurite of L5 were not examined. We also find that Class I and Class
      II somata are extensively linked to their satellite glia via gap junctions. The
      gap width and nonjunctional interspace between neuron and glia are the same as
      those found between neurons. The particular arrangement and morphology of lamina
      monopolar neurons suggest that coupling or low resistance pathways between
      functionally distinct neurons and between neuron and glia are probably related to
      the metabolic requirements of the "nuclear" layer and may play a role in wide
      field signal averaging and light adaptation.

PMID- 4028123
TI  - Acyltransferase and acid hydrolase activities of the abalone photoreceptor cell.
AB  - In order to study the synthesis and degradation processes of the photoreceptor
      membranes in the abalone, Nordotis discus, the localization of acyltransferase
      and acid hydrolase activities, respectively, were determined at the electron
      microscopic level. Acyltransferase activity was localized on the cytoplasmic
      sides of thick (greater than 10 nm) membranes of the following organelles: a few
      cisternae at the trans (or concave) side of Golgi apparatus, Golgi and probably
      related vesicles, short tubules, curved pentalaminar disks and limiting membranes
      of the phagosomal multivesicular bodies; all organelles were scattered in the
      peri- to supranuclear cytoplasm. The phospholipids, which are major components of
      the photoreceptor membrane, are considered to be synthesized by these membranes.
      Acid phosphatase activity was localized in the lumina of Golgi cisternae and
      vesicles, lysosomes, and smaller multivesicular and related bodies, but not in
      multilamellar bodies. The matrices of the larger multivesicular bodies and of the
      pigment granule complexes showed arylsulfatase activity. Vesiculated and
      autophagocytosed photoreceptor microvilli seemed to be degraded by acid
      hydrolases, forming multivesicular and related bodies. Supporting cells also
      showed acyltransferase and acid hydrolase activities.

PMID- 4028124
TI  - Carbohydrate-binding proteins of tumor lines with different growth properties. I.
      Differences in their pattern for three clones of rat fibroblasts transformed with
      a myeloproliferative sarcoma virus.
AB  - Three clones of myeloproliferative virus (MPV)-transformed rat fibroblasts (NRK)
      with different growth properties and morphology were transplanted to athymic nude
      mice. Presence of carbohydrate-binding proteins was inferred by fluorescence
      microscopy using fluorescent, glycosylated markers. Salt and detergent extracts
      of tumors from this model system were fractionated under identical conditions on
      different sets of Sepharose columns, to which lactose, asialofetuin, melibiose,
      mannan and fucose had been covalently linked. Successive elution by chelating
      reagent and specific sugar resulted in isolation of the different Ca2+ -dependent
      and Ca2+ -independent endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins that were
      assayable as agglutinins. In comparison, the different tumors displayed a pattern
      with qualitative and quantitative alterations. Since protein-carbohydrate
      interaction mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) is of importance
      for cognitive processes, it is remarkable that the pattern of membrane
      glycoproteins, isolated by affinity chromatography on resins with immobilized
      plant lectins, had also been found to reveal certain individual properties for
      receptors specific for peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin
      (UEA). These demonstrated differences within the system of protein-carbohydrate
      interaction suggest that endogenous lectins and their ligands have potential
      significance as markers defining a certain phenotype within this tumor model
      system.

PMID- 4028125
TI  - Nerve fiber production by intraocular adrenal medullary grafts: stimulation by
      nerve growth factor or sympathetic denervation of the host iris.
AB  - This study evaluates the production of adrenergic nerve fibers by adrenal
      medullary tissue of the adult rat grafted to the anterior chamber of the eye of
      adult recipients. The chromaffin grafts attach to and become vascularized by the
      host iris. They decrease in size intraocularly during the first 3 weeks. This
      decrease is somewhat counteracted by sympathetic denervation of the host iris,
      and better counteracted by sympathetic denervation and addition of nerve growth
      factor (NGF, given at grafting and 1 and 2 weeks after grafting). Outgrowth of
      adrenergic nerve fibers from the grafts into the host iris was studied in
      wholemount preparations by use of the Falck-Hillarp technique 3 weeks after
      grafting. The innervated area of the host iris was approximately doubled in the
      chronically sympathectomized group and doubled again in the chronically
      sympathectomized NGF-supplemented group. Chronic sympathetic denervation had no
      effect on density of outgrowing nerves, whereas addition of NGF more than doubled
      nerve density. Since sympathetic denervation causes a slight elevation of NGF
      activity in the iris, the present experiments are taken as evidence that the
      level of NGF in the iris regulates formation of nerve fibers by adrenal medullary
      tissue grafts from adult rats.

PMID- 4028126
TI  - Scanning electron-microscopic studies on the three-dimensional structure of
      mitochondria in the mammalian red, white and intermediate muscle fibers.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure and arrangement of mitochondria in the red, white
      and intermediate striated muscle fibers of the rat were examined under a field
      emission type scanning electron microscope after removal of cytoplasmic matrices
      by means of the Osmium-DMSO-Osmium procedure. Beneath the sarcolemma, spherical
      or ovoid subsarcolemmal mitochondria show accumulations. The mitochondria are
      numerous and large in size in the red fibers, intermediate in the intermediate
      fibers, and few and small in the white fibers. Paired, slender I-band-limited
      mitochondria were located on both sides of the Z-line and partly embraced the
      myofibrils at the I-band level; they occurred in all three types of fibers. In
      the intermyofibrillar spaces, numerous mitochondria formed mitochondrial columns.
      These columns were classified into two types: 1) thick mitochondrial columns,
      formed by multiple mitochondria each with an intermyofibrillar space
      corresponding to one sarcomere in length, and 2) thin mitochondrial columns,
      established by single mitochondria corresponding to one sarcomere in length. In
      the red fibers mitochondrial columns were abundant and the ratio of the thick and
      thin columns was almost the same, while in the intermediate fibers most of the
      columns belonged to the thin type. The white fibers displayed rare, very thin
      columns.

PMID- 4028127
TI  - Separation of leucocytes in the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) using density
      gradient centrifugation and differential adhesion to glass coverslips.
AB  - The blood of the dogfish, S. canicula, contains several types of leucocytes,
      namely thrombocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and four populations of granulocytes.
      Three of these granulocyte types, G1, G3 and G4, are eosinophilic while G2 is
      heterophilic/neutrophilic. All of the leucocyte types, with the exception of G2
      granulocytes and monocytes, can be separated by means of their differential
      adherent properties to glass and by density gradient centrifugation.
      Thrombocytes, G3 and G4 granulocytes can be separated in good purity by single
      step methods while G1 granulocytes and lymphocytes require a combination of
      density gradient centrifugation followed by adherence to glass to remove
      contaminating thrombocytes. Depending on the cell type, between 11-45% of cells
      with consistently high viability can be recovered after separation. Separated
      populations of the thrombocytes and granulocytes will be especially useful for
      studies on the role of such cell types in inflammation.

PMID- 4028128
TI  - Endocytic pathways and time sequence of lysosomal transfer of macromolecules in
      cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. Double-labeling experiments with
      horseradish peroxidase and ferritin.
AB  - A double-labeling protocol was used to study endocytic pathways and lysosomal
      transfer of exogenous macromolecules in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages.
      After pulse-chase labeling of lysosomes with horseradish peroxidase (visualized
      cytochemically), the cells were exposed to native, anionic ferritin for 0-45 min
      at 37 degrees C and then analysed by transmission electron microscopy. The
      results show that ferritin binds to the plasma membrane, accumulates in coated
      pits, and is rapidly taken up in small, smooth-surfaced endocytic vesicles. The
      latter carry the ferritin molecules directly to lysosomes, recognized by their
      peroxidase labeling, or fuse with each other to form larger endocytic vacuoles
      (endosomes) which in turn fuse with and empty their content into lysosomes. The
      first signs of transfer of ferritin into the lysosomes were seen after 5-10 min
      of exposure and after 25-30 min most of the lysosomes were labeled. Union of
      ferritin-labeled and other lysosomes was also noted, suggesting that the contents
      of the lysosomes were spread within the lysosomal compartment by fusion-fission
      processes. It is concluded that a multiplicity of structures is involved in the
      uptake and intracellular transport of exogenous macromolecules in macrophages and
      that the time sequence of lysosomal transfer of the interiorized material is
      highly variable.

PMID- 4028129
TI  - Variations in capillary permeability from apex and crypt in the villus of the
      ileo-jejunum.
AB  - The permeability of fenestrated capillaries in an organ is believed to be
      homogeneous. However, the permeability of fenestrated capillaries in different
      organs and to various exogenous tracers varies from a complete restriction, as
      found in the eye (Pino and Essner 1980, 1981; Pino 1985a) to the freely permeable
      peritubular capillaries of the kidney (Venkatachalam and Karnovsky 1972). In the
      present report we demonstrate that within any single intestinal villus from the
      ileo-jejunum of the rat, the permeability of fenestrated capillaries is not
      uniform. Exogenous hemoglobin (Einstein-Stokes radius [ESR] = 3.2 nm) exists all
      capillaries at any villar level in less than 5 min. In contrast, all villar
      capillaries restrict catalase (ESR = 5.2 nm) at 5 min, but by 60 min the tracer
      is present extravascularly in crypt and lower villar regions. Apical capillaries
      are slightly permeable to catalase at 2 h, but the bulk of the tracer remains in
      the lumina. The particulate tracer ferritin (ESR = 6.1 nm) is restricted 3-10
      times more by apical capillaries than basal ones and is found in increasing
      concentration extravascularly at lower villar and crypt levels after 20 min.
      Following an 18-h circulation, a second dosage of ferritin is restricted by the
      endothelium at all villar levels. Immunocytochemical localizations of the plasma
      proteins albumin (ESR = 3.5 nm) and IgG (ESR = 5.5 nm) revealed an apparent lack
      of restriction at all villar levels. These results demonstrate that apical villar
      capillaries in the ileo-jejunum are more restrictive to exogenous molecules with
      ESR greater than or equal to 5.2 nm. Also, the passage of tracer molecules out of
      an endothelium alters the subsequent permeability of that vessel.

PMID- 4028130
TI  - Three-dimensional organisation of the vasculature of the rat spermatic cord and
      testis. A scanning electron-microscopic study of vascular corrosion casts.
AB  - The vascular architecture of the rat testis and spermatic cord was studied by a
      corrosion cast technique combined with scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy, and light microscopy. The casts preserve the endothelial impressions
      of the vessels and enable them to be differentiated into the various vascular
      components. Frequent arterio-arterial anastomotic arcades and occasional
      arteriovenous anastomotic channels are seen. A well defined hexagonal pattern of
      intertubular and peritubular vessels surround the seminiferous tubules. Prominent
      large endothelial nuclei protrude into the arterial lumina at branching sites,
      but their functional significance is not known. The outer-most vascular layer of
      the testis consists of large veins, venules, and capillaries, but lacks any
      arterial branches; it also contains loosely arranged veno-venous anastomotic
      networks. We have named this vascular layer the sub-albugineal venous plexus. The
      testicular artery increases in luminal diameter as it approaches the testis. The
      periarterial capillary plexus, which lies between the pampiniform plexus and the
      testicular artery, is drained by two types of venules.

PMID- 4028131
TI  - Quinacrine-induced dilation of the rat cecum and degeneration of large granular
      vesicle-containing neurons in the myenteric plexus.
AB  - Intraperitoneal injection of quinacrine (100 mg/kg) into rats causes marked
      dilation of the cecum about one week after the injection, but the jejunum remains
      its normal size. The morphological changes induced in the myenteric plexus and
      the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of both the cecum and the jejunum
      have been examined by fluorescence and electron microscopy 1.5 h to 2 weeks after
      the injection. In the cecum, 1.5 h after the injection, the granular fluorescence
      of quinacrine was apparent in many ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus and in
      the nerve fibers in the muscle layers. In connection with the granular
      fluorescence, numerous lysosomal dense bodies appeared in ganglion cells and
      axons, and subsequently the degeneration of the neurons was observed at
      ultrastructural level. The lysosomal dense bodies often contained many large
      granular vesicles of 95-140 nm in diameter. The number of lysosomal dense bodies
      in the axons was greatest 3-7 days after the injection. Although the axon type
      sensitive to quinacrine could not be specified, axons containing many large
      granular vesicles were the predominate type. Fibrosis in the outer longitudinal
      muscle layer was another characteristic resulting from quinacrine administration.
      Proliferation of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and of the Golgi
      complex and a concomitant decrease in the number of myofilaments became evident
      in many smooth muscle cells 3-7 days after the injection; the intercellular
      spaces became enlarged 7 days after quinacrine administration. These changes and
      the dilation of the cecum showed considerable recovery 2 weeks after the
      injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028132
TI  - Cytochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase in the ependyma of the rat
      medulla oblongata.
AB  - The ependyma of the IVth ventricle and the central canal of the rat medulla
      oblongata was investigated using the cytochemical technique for alkaline
      phosphatase (A1Pase) which revealed two types of ependymal cells in the medulla.
      The central canal type of the ependymal cell occupying the dorsal part of the
      central canal in the lower medulla exhibited intense A1Pase activity with light
      microscopy. These cells had reaction products in all plasma membranes, including
      the microvilli and the cilia at the luminal cell surface. Some cells appeared to
      be tanycytes, since the process reached the basement membrane of the parenchymal
      blood vessel. The ventricular type of ependymal cells, which form the floor of
      the IVth ventricle and the central canal, contained no reaction products in any
      structure of the luminal cell surface. The possible relationship between the
      cerebrospinal fluid and the nervous tissues through the ependymal linings is
      discussed.

PMID- 4028134
TI  - Blood supply of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in rat.
AB  - The topographical distribution of the blood vessels in the bed nucleus of the
      stria terminalis (NIST) has been mapped in rats. Arteries and veins were
      visualized in red and blue by using a double-ink perfusion technique. Arteries
      supplying the NIST arise from the anterior cerebral artery directly or through
      the anterior communicating and interhemispheric arteries. Only a few, dorsal
      branches derive from the medial cerebral artery through thalamostriatal arteries.
      According to their terminal branches, NIST arteries can be divided into five
      groups: medial, ventral, lateral, septal and dorsal, which have only a relatively
      small overlap in their territories. About 90% of veins from the NIST drain into
      the major basal veins. Medial branches run into the perioptic and
      interhemispheric veins, while the ventral branches and the large lateral vein
      drain directly into the anterior cerebral vein. A small proportion of NIST veins
      run dorsalward into the vena cerebri magna via thalamostriatal veins.

PMID- 4028133
TI  - Granule populations in oxytocin and abnormal perikarya of the supraoptic nucleus
      of homozygous Brattleboro rats: effects of colchicine administration.
AB  - Magnocellular neurones in the supraoptic nucleus of the homozygous Brattleboro
      rat, which are unable to produce vasopressin, were investigated by
      immunocytochemistry to identify both the oxytocin cells and the abnormal
      neurones, which in normal animals would produce vasopressin. The abnormal cell
      profiles were significantly more rounded than those of the oxytocin cells. Both
      cell types showed evidence of hyperactivity, but the Golgi apparatus was more
      extensive in the oxytocin cells, probably as a result of the failure of the
      abnormal cells to produce vasopressin and its neurophysin and the resultant
      reduction in hormone packaging. Neurosecretory granules (NSG) 160 nm in diameter
      were found in the oxytocin perikarya but were absent from the abnormal cell
      bodies. In addition, a population of small dense granules (SDG) 100 nm in
      diameter was observed in both types of neurone, in numbers equal to the NSG in
      oxytocin cells. Injection of a low, non-lethal dose of the axonal transport
      inhibitor colchicine resulted in a rapid and equal accumulation of both NSG and
      SDG in oxytocin perikarya and of SDG in the abnormal perikarya after one day. The
      effects of colchicine were reversed 2-3 days after administration. The SDG, which
      may contain a co-transmitter or co-hormone substance, are thus produced at a
      similar rate to NSG, and appear to be transported from the perikarya for
      subsequent release at the nerve endings.

PMID- 4028135
TI  - Focal regeneration in the rat myocardium following cold injury.
AB  - The sequential cytological events in the myocardium of the rat were followed for
      3 weeks after cold injury by light and electron microscopy. The traumatized area
      was initially filled with leukocytes and undifferentiated mononucleated cells and
      subsequently mainly with fibroblasts surrounded by collagen fibers. However, in
      the margins of the necrotic area repair processes of damaged myocardial cells and
      probably also the appearance of newly formed cells were evident. The
      ultrastructural features of these cells were characterized by clusters of
      ribosomes, numerous mitochondria that were dispersed in the cytoplasm and
      formation of junctional complexes and transverse tubular systems. Fibrillogenesis
      was also clearly evident in these cardiomyocytes. The myofibrillar material was
      initially dispersed in the cytoplasm and associated with clusters of ribosomes
      and thereafter with presumptive Z-bands and intercalated discs. The myofibrils
      became further organized in the shape and orientation of those of mature cells
      two to three weeks after injury. It is concluded that following cold injury
      regeneration in the mammalian myocardium takes place but is limited to the
      perinecrotic area. The process resembles the sequential cytological events which
      occur in cardiomyocytes during embryonic and postnatal development of the
      ventricular myocardium.

PMID- 4028136
TI  - The three-dimensional structure of motor endplates in different fiber types of
      rat intercostal muscle. A scanning electron-microscopic study.
AB  - The three-dimensional organization of the motor end plates in the red, white and
      intermediate striated muscle fibers of the rat intercostal muscle was observed
      under a field-emission type scanning electron microscope after removal of
      connective tissue components by HCl hydrolysis. The motor endplate of the white
      fiber had terminal branches (or axon terminals), which were large, long and thin,
      and small but numerous nerve swellings (or terminal boutons). The motor endplate
      of the red fiber had terminal branches, which were small, short and thick, and
      had large but fewer nerve swellings. The motor endplate of the intermediate fiber
      was intermediate in size and structure between these two. In detached nerve
      ending preparations, primary synaptic grooves with slit-like openings of the
      junctional folds appeared on the surface of the muscle fibers. The primary
      synaptic grooves were more developed in the white fiber than in the red fiber,
      and they were intermediate in the intermediate fiber. The numerical ratio of slit
      like openings was 1:1.8:3.5 in the red, intermediate and white fiber,
      respectively. The Schwann cells and their processes were observed on the surface
      of the motor endplate, with the processes covering the upper orifices of the
      primary synaptic grooves and sealing the terminal branches. The number of Schwann
      cells was usually three in the white fiber, two in the intermediate fiber and one
      in the red fiber.

PMID- 4028137
TI  - The effect of clomiphene citrate on blastocyst development and implantation in
      the rabbit.
AB  - The induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate (CC) in human patients results
      in a high ovulation rate but achieves a relatively low pregnancy rate. To clarify
      the possible role of CC in interfering with the normal reproductive physiology
      and embryology, we have used our rabbit model and transferred 4-day-old
      blastocysts from untreated donors to CC-treated pseudopregnant recipients and
      from CC-treated donors to untreated pseudopregnant recipients to study embryonic
      development and implantation. Each group was further subdivided into two
      subgroups, one receiving CC before and the other after ovulation. CC was
      administered subcutaneously in three consecutive doses of 10 mg/kg body weight.
      Ovulation was induced with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) and human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The implantation rate of the control group,
      evaluated on day 8 of pregnancy, reached 62.0%. When recipients were treated with
      CC before ovulation, implantation rate was reduced to 18.8% (P less than 0.0002),
      and to 20.0% (P less than 0.003) when CC was administered after ovulation. The
      implantation rate of blastocysts transferred from donors, treated before
      ovulation, is 22.2% (P less than 0.0055), however, reached 70.8% when treatment
      was started after ovulation. All implantations were analysed microscopically and
      showed normal morphological features. Our results demonstrate a potential
      multiple effect of CC, first on the endometrium by altering its receptivity for
      the implanting conceptus, second, on tubal physiology by altering egg transport,
      and finally on ovum maturation before ovulation interfering with development of
      blastocysts. These parameters may all result in rapid decrease in establishment
      of implantations and in turn in very low pregnancy rates.

PMID- 4028139
TI  - Iodine distribution in the thyroid follicles of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri
      and lamprey, Lampetra japonica: electron-probe X-ray microanalysis.
AB  - In the thyroid follicles of species of cyclostomes, a hagfish and a lamprey, the
      distribution of stable iodine was examined by electron-probe X-ray microanalysis.
      A high concentration of stable iodine, heterogeneously distributed, was observed
      in the follicular cells of hagfish thyroid follicles. In the lamprey a low
      concentration of iodine was seen in the follicular lumina. The relative values
      for stable iodine determined in this way corresponded to values obtained by a
      chemical analytical method.

PMID- 4028138
TI  - Histofluorescence and ultrastructural observations of small intensely fluorescent
      (SIF) cells in the superior sympathetic ganglion of the guinea pig.
AB  - Amine-containing small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells are ubiquitous in
      vertebrate sympathetic ganglia and, in some species, SIF cells have been
      identified as interneurons. The hypothesis proposed in this study is that SIF
      cells in superior sympathetic ganglia of the guinea pig function as interneurons,
      with efferent connections characteristic for the species. Fluorescence
      (catecholamine) microscopy and 5-hydroxydopamine marker for electron microscopy
      were used to study SIF cells, their processes and connections in this ganglion.
      Brightly fluorescent fibers were seen attached to virtually all SIF cells, and
      were of two types. The first type, single or arranged in cords, interconnected
      elements of the SIF-cell system; these apparent linkages joined individual SIF
      cells as well as adjacent clusters. The electron-microscopic evidence for
      synaptic contacts between SIF cells warrants the claim that integrated action is
      a presumed function of these elements. The second type of SIF-cell process was
      generally of greater length. These individual, branching fibers made presumed
      connections with dendrites of most principal ganglionic neurons. This arrangement
      suggested by histofluorescence preparations was confirmed by electron microscopy
      to involve synaptic connections, and the postsynaptic element was shown to be
      continuous with the perikaryon of the principal ganglionic neuron.
      Ultrastructural evidence that collections of dense-cored vesicles occur within
      processes of both principal ganglionic neurons and SIF cells, in proximity to
      unsheathed portions of plasma membrane, leads to the conclusion that interstitial
      diffusion of catecholamine from both may occur; the finding of SIF cell processes
      adjacent to fenestrated blood vessels suggests that catecholamine may also be
      transported through capillaries.

PMID- 4028140
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of macrophages in the tail musculature of the
      metamorphosing anuran tadpole, Rana japonica.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphological changes of
      the tail musculature of the metamorphosing anuran tadpole, attention being
      focused on phagocytosis by macrophages. Muscle fibers were stained en bloc with
      silver and freeze-fractured during dehydration, or torn after drying. Samples
      were sputter-coated with gold-palladium and observed in both secondary electron-
      and back-scattered electron modes with a scanning electron microscope. Various
      cells were identified by the methods of secondary electron- and back-scattered
      electron images. Some macrophages lying between muscle fibers at prometamorphic
      stages possessed numerous finger-like projections and well-developed ruffles.
      During degeneration of muscle fibers macrophages collected in the degenerating
      region and invaded the space between the disordering myofibrils. In advanced
      stages the numbers of macrophages clearly increased on or around the degenerating
      muscle fibers. At the climactic stage fragmented muscles were entrapped and then
      engulfed by the macrophages. With the completion of phagocytosis, the macrophages
      became globular with reduction of the ridge-like ruffles. Macrophages may play a
      role not only in scavenging the fragmented muscle fibers, but also using their
      long processes in active formation of the fragments.

PMID- 4028141
TI  - Ultrastructure of enterochromaffin cells and associated neural and vascular
      elements in the mouse duodenum.
AB  - Enterochromaffin cells of adult mouse duodenum were studied with light- and
      electron-microscopical techniques. They were distinguished from other
      enteroendocrine cells by their pleomorphic, electron-dense secretory granules in
      the basal cytoplasm. At the apices of enterochromaffin cells, tufts of short
      microvilli bordered the gut lumen. At their bases, irregular cytoplasmic
      extensions were either in contact with or passed through the basal lamina. The
      presence of cytoplasmic extensions in close proximity to fenestrated capillaries
      and subepithelial nerves suggested an endocrine or paracrine function. Electron
      micrographs of serial thin sections were used to reconstruct an enterochromaffin
      cell from the crypt epithelium in three dimensions and to determine its
      relationship with the underlying neural plexus. Although extensions from the
      serially sectioned and reconstructed cell and other enterochromaffin cells
      studied in crypt epithelia protruded through the basal lamina, no synaptic
      contacts were seen. Evidence of a synaptic contact between a neurite and another
      type of enteroendocrine cell (possibly an intestinal A cell), suggested a
      neurocrine role for some of the basally-granulated cells. Possible functions of
      enterochromaffin cells are discussed in the light of recent literature on the
      system of enteroendocrine cells, also known as APUD (amine precursor uptake and
      decarboxylation) cells and/or paraneurons.

PMID- 4028142
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the electric organs of Electrophorus electricus
      L. II. Organs of Sachs and Hunter.
AB  - The surfaces of the organs of Sachs and Hunter of Electrophorus electricus L.
      were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Special attention was directed to
      morphological details of the electrocyte to provide a better understanding of its
      anterior and posterior faces. Some aspects of the microanatomy of these organs,
      which differ markedly from those of the main electric organ, provide new
      information on the structure as revealed previously by light and transmission
      electron microscopy. The relief, mainly expressed by papillae, is related to the
      actual membrane area, which is important for calculations of specific resistance
      and conductance. Information is also presented on the general organization of the
      tissue, in particular the distribution of the connective elements and external
      configuration of synaptic terminals. Shrinkage in preparation of tissue was
      evaluated and correction made whenever necessary. Correction factors for actual
      membrane area were calculated for anterior and posterior faces of electrocytes
      from both organs.

PMID- 4028143
TI  - Effects of temperature and bright light on myeloid bodies in the retinal pigment
      epithelium of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens.
AB  - Myeloid bodies (MBs) are specialized regions of endoplasmic reticulum which occur
      in the retinal pigment epithelium of a number of vertebrate species. In the newt,
      Notophthalmus viridescens, the effects of temperature and brief exposure to
      bright flashed-light on myeloid bodies have been studied. Morphometric analysis
      has shown that in animals sampled at 06.30 h, myeloid body sectional area
      remained unchanged in animals maintained in the cold (1 degree C), compared with
      control animals at 15 degrees C, whereas phagosome area was significantly
      increased. At higher temperatures (30 degrees C), myeloid body area was observed
      to decline from control values, while phagosome area was substantially increased.
      During the first 2 h of the light phase of a normal (15 degrees C) 12:12 LD
      lighting cycle, myeloid-body sectional area dropped significantly from values
      recorded in the latter part of the dark phase. This reduction of MB area at the
      normal time of "lights-on" was greatly reduced when animals experienced an
      extended period of darkness. When animals experienced a bright flashed-light at
      the normal time of "lights-on", followed by a period of extended darkness,
      reduction in MB area was less pronounced when compared to cycled control animals.
      These results are discussed in the context of the hypothesis (Yorke and Dickson
      1984) that MBs represent a temporary storage site for lipids entering the pigment
      epithelium after phagocytosis of shed outer segment tips, prior to their
      permanent storage in lipid droplets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028144
TI  - Lamellar to tubular conformational changes in the endoplasmic reticulum of the
      retinal pigment epithelium of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens.
AB  - The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) was
      examined ultrastructurally under both in-vivo and in-vitro conditions. Five
      distinct conformations of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), two lamellar and
      three tubular, were observed. The two lamellar conformations included myeloid
      bodies, which have previously been described (Yorke and Dickson 1984), and
      fenestrated SER. The latter appeared as layers of flattened or curved cisternae
      which were penetrated by fenestrations. Fenestrated SER became indistinguishable
      from the highly branched and convoluted random-tubular SER through the formation
      of an intermediate configuration ("tubular sheets"). The remaining tubular SER
      conformations appeared to arise from random-tubular SER through a progressive
      reduction in branching and a straightening of individual tubules. Fascicular SER
      was represented by the hexagonal organization of straight, unbranched tubules
      into bundles (fascicles). Spiral SER consisted of a similar hexagonal
      arrangement, but the unbranched tubules spiralled about one another. Neighbouring
      tubules in areas of spiral SER were also joined together by pairs of electron
      dense bars. Although lamellar (especially myeloid bodies) and random-tubular
      configurations of the SER were common features in vivo, fascicular and spiral SER
      were primarily conformations encountered in vitro. Conditions favouring bilayer
      lipid phases also appear to facilitate the formation of both myeloid bodies and
      fascicular SER. These conditions included increased duration of incubation, low
      (less than 20 degrees C) incubation temperatures, and Ca2+-free incubations with
      EGTA. Random-tubular SEB was most prevalent in media supplemented with fetal calf
      serum and also after warmer (30 degrees C) incubation temperatures.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028145
TI  - Differentiation of the rat epididymis after withdrawal of androgen.
AB  - The differentiation capacity of the rat epididymis after depletion of androgen
      was studied in organ culture and in castrated rats. The differentiation of
      "narrow cells' in 5- and 10-day-old explants and in 10-day-old castrated rats
      suggests that: (i) the testicular androgens are not essential for their
      differentiation, (ii) a differential androgen dependence exists among the
      epididymal cell types, (iii) the undifferentiated epithelial cells are the
      precursors of the narrow cells.

PMID- 4028146
TI  - Formation of autophagosomes in the pinealocytes of the rat and mongolian gerbil
      (Meriones unguiculatus): a lysosome wrapping mechanism?
AB  - Autophagosome formation in rat and gerbil pinealocytes is described. It starts
      with the setting up of a tubular acid phosphatase-rich cisterna which gradually
      wraps around cytoplasmic areas to be catabolized. In light of obtained findings,
      it seems that the autophagosome formation in pinealocytes is a type of lysosome
      wrapping mechanism.

PMID- 4028147
TI  - [Use of ELISA in detecting antibodies against L. pneumophila serogroup 1 in 195
      healthy persons in Tianjin].

PMID- 4028148
TI  - [Seroepidemiologic study of viral hepatitis B in a suburb of Beijing].

PMID- 4028149
TI  - [Preliminary survey of toxoplasmosis in Zhanjiang region].

PMID- 4028150
TI  - [Preliminary study on toxoplasmosis in Tongshan County].

PMID- 4028151
TI  - [Epidemiological evaluation of a 20-year program in the control of malaria in Mun
      hai County Yunan Province].

PMID- 4028152
TI  - [Evaluation of the release rate of an enveloped slow-release larvicide and its
      efficacy in mosquito control].

PMID- 4028153
TI  - [Controlled-release tubes containing phoxim in killing larvae of Aedes
      albopictus].

PMID- 4028154
TI  - [Control of house rodents in villages and towns using baiting boxes containing
      toxic baits].

PMID- 4028155
TI  - [A case-control interview study on risk factors of lung cancer in the city of
      Taiyuan].

PMID- 4028156
TI  - [Measurement of error and evaluation of epidemiologic data].

PMID- 4028157
TI  - Headache 1985. Proceedings of the Second International Headache Congress.
      Copenhagen, June 18-21, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4028158
TI  - Big may not be beautiful, but it is necessary.

PMID- 4028159
TI  - Expression of the human c-fms proto-oncogene in hematopoietic cells and its
      deletion in the 5q- syndrome.
AB  - The c-fms proto-oncogene was shown to be expressed in human bone marrow and in
      differentiated blood mononuclear cells, suggesting that its gene product plays a
      role in hematopoietic maturation. The c-fms mRNA was not detected in HL-60 cells,
      an established promyelocytic line, whereas c-fms expression appeared 48 hr after
      induction when most cells had differentiated into macrophages. An acquired
      deletion of chromosome 5 (5q-) in bone marrow cells is associated with
      abnormalities in blood cell production. The normal 5 and 5q- chromosomes were
      segregated by construction of cell hybrids between bone marrow and rodent cells.
      A selective system was used that requires retention of the structural gene for
      dihydrofolate reductase, located on human chromosome 5. Analysis of DNA from
      individual hybrid clones revealed that the 5q- deletion had removed the c-fms
      gene. We postulate that hemizygosity at the c-fms locus leads to abnormalities in
      hematopoietic maturation.

PMID- 4028160
TI  - Sequences required for in vitro transcriptional activation of a Drosophila hsp 70
      gene.
AB  - The hsp 70 gene of Drosophila contains three domains to which a heat shock gene
      specific transcription factor (HSTF) binds. In addition to the previously
      described 55 bp binding domain proximal to the TAT homology, there are two 25 bp
      binding sites farther upstream. Footprinting studies with 5' and 3' deletion
      mutations show two contiguous HSTF binding sites of different intrinsic
      affinities within the 55 bp binding domain. Determinations made with an agarose
      acrylamide gel assay suggest that the HSTF possesses a 12.5-fold higher intrinsic
      affinity for the site closest to the TATA homology than for the more distal site.
      Binding of HSTF to the distal site thus appears cooperative, requiring occupancy
      of the first site. Transcription studies in vitro on the 5' deletions with
      nuclear extracts and reconstitution experiments show that the TATA proximal site
      alone, is insufficient for maximal transcriptional activation of the hsp 70 gene.

PMID- 4028161
TI  - Mutants and pseudorevertants of Moloney murine leukemia virus with alterations at
      the integration site.
AB  - Soon after infection, retroviruses synthesize a DNA copy of the genomic RNA and
      insert that DNA into the cellular genome by recombination at inverted repeat
      sequences at the termini of the viral genome. We have generated mutations that
      alter one terminus of the genome of Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV). Some
      mutations did not prevent integration of the viral DNA even though the very
      terminal bases were disrupted. Other mutations had dramatic effects on the
      efficiency of infection; in these cases the formation of preintegrative DNA was
      normal but the establishment of the productive provirus was prevented. One of
      these defective mutants gave rise to a pseudorevertant which differed from the
      wild type but displayed normal infectivity. An unusual number of bases of viral
      DNA were removed during the integration reaction carried out by this virus.

PMID- 4028162
TI  - Prothoracic transformation and functional structure of the Ultrabithorax gene of
      Drosophila.
AB  - The activity of the Ultrabithorax (Ubx+) gene is necessary for the characteristic
      development of a particular anatomical domain of the body of Drosophila. Mutant
      alleles at the abx, bx, bxd, and pbx loci eliminate specific functions of Ubx+
      since their phenotype is part of that of Ubx mutants. We have characterized
      several abx and bx alleles and found that their effect extends to the same
      anatomical subdomain. This suggests that they inactivate the same genetic subunit
      within Ultrabithorax. Also, their wild-type activity is required for two distinct
      functions: postprothorax, acting early in the embryonic period, and bithorax,
      acting through embryonic and larval periods. Our results suggest that the
      Ultrabithorax gene contains two genetic subunits and that each subunit may
      include two separate functions.

PMID- 4028163
TI  - Developmentally regulated cell surface structures on mouse and human embryonal
      carcinoma cell lines.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies 5.1.H, 8.7.D and 13.7.A raised against semi-purified
      Tera 1 membrane fractions recognize distinct onco-foetal antigens which are
      developmentally regulated on cells such as Tera 2 clone 13 and appear to be
      restricted in their expression to undifferentiated ectoblastic cells and certain
      organized cystic structures mimicking the foetal intestine. These antigens,
      absent from normal adult tissues, differ markedly from glycosidic stage-specific
      antigens such as 75.12 which, while functioning as embryonal carcinoma
      differentiation markers, are also expressed on certain adult tissues. No evidence
      for a role of fucosyltransferases in regulating either 75.12 or SSEA-1 antigen
      expression on embryonal carcinoma cells or for the presence of lectin-like
      structures recognizing these antigens on such cells was found.

PMID- 4028164
TI  - Enhancement of spicule formation and calcium uptake by monoclonal antibodies to
      fibronectin-binding acid polysaccharide in cultured sea urchin embryonic cells.
AB  - The effect of monoclonal antibodies to fibronectin-binding acid polysaccharide
      (anti-FAPS) on differentiation of primary mesenchyme cells and spicule formation
      was examined in cultured embryonic cells isolated from the sea urchin,
      Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Spicule formation of micromere-derived cells was
      enhanced by anti-FAPS. The increase of spicule formation correlated with the
      increase of calcium uptake into micromere-derived cells and spicules.
      Furthermore, both spicule formation and calcium uptake were inhibited by calcium
      channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem and nicardipine) and divalent ions
      (manganese and cobalt). These results suggest that FAPS, a component of the
      blastocoelic extracellular matrix surrounding the primary mesenchyme cells, may
      regulate the level of calcium uptake and spicule formation.

PMID- 4028165
TI  - The cytotoxic reaction of hemocytes from the freshwater crayfish, Astacus
      astacus.
AB  - Crayfish hemocytes displayed cytotoxic capacity towards all tested mammalian
      tumor and nontumor cell lines. The ratio required for the cytotoxic action of
      effector cells to target cells was at least 1:1. The lysis of the target cells
      required a minimum of 1 hr to become detected. After separation and isolation of
      the hemocyte populations of crayfish, the semigranular and granular cells
      retained their cytotoxic capacity. These cells contain the prophenoloxidase
      activating (proPO) system, a complement-like pathway, which in an activated form
      lyses semigranular cells in vitro, but failed to kill the tested target cells.

PMID- 4028166
TI  - The role of dendritic cells in the initiation of immune responses to contact
      sensitizers. I. In vivo exposure to antigen.
AB  - Twenty-four hours after skin painting mice with picryl chloride (PIC) there was a
      four- to fivefold increase in the numbers of dendritic cells (DC) isolated from
      the lymph nodes. These DC initiated primary proliferative and cytotoxic responses
      when added to cultures of normal syngeneic lymph node cells. The proliferative
      response was enhanced when the donors of the responding lymph node cells were
      sensitized with the same antigen. Contact sensitivity developed in syngeneic mice
      injected into the footpads with 30,000-50,000 DC from lymph nodes of mice painted
      with picryl chloride 1 day previously. Thus, 1 day after skin painting mice,
      there were dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes which were able both to
      initiate primary stimulation of lymphocytes in vitro and to sensitize recipient
      mice to give specific delayed hypersensitivity reactions.

PMID- 4028167
TI  - Rejection of murine ovarian cancer following treatment with regional
      immunotherapy: correlations with a neutrophil-mediated activation of cytostatic
      macrophages.
AB  - Rejection of the murine ovarian teratocarcinoma (MOT) in C3HeB/FeJ mice,
      following intraperitoneal (ip) treatment with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum),
      is abrogated by injections of silica. We, therefore, investigated whether C.
      parvum-elicited macrophages affect MOT targets in vitro. Tumor-cytostatic, but
      not cytolytic, macrophages were detected in normal and tumor-challenged mice
      treated with C. parvum. The dose responsiveness and kinetics of macrophage
      activation strongly correlated with tumor rejection. A pyridine extract of C.
      parvum, possessing greatly diminished tumor rejection properties, was
      significantly less effective in activating macrophages. Cytostatic macrophage
      activation and prevention of tumor outgrowth also followed treatment in C3H/HEJ
      mice, a strain with a known deficiency in cytolytic macrophage function.
      Peritoneal neutrophils, obtained 6 hr after treatment with C. parvum, were
      capable of activating cytostatic macrophages when reinjected ip into normal mice.
      These results indicate a critical role for tumor cytostatic macrophages in this
      immunotherapy model and suggest their activation is mediated by inflammatory
      neutrophils.

PMID- 4028168
TI  - Characterization of the in vitro interaction of PNAhi lymphocytes with the bone
      marrow and hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors.
AB  - We have previously identified an in vivo interaction between circulating PNAhi
      lymphoid cells and the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor, which results in a
      protracted liver sequestration of these cells. An in vitro frozen section binding
      assay was developed to study the interaction of PNAhi cells with the receptor in
      more detail. This assay confirmed that the sequestration of PNAhi lymphoid cells
      by the liver was mediated by the asialoglycoprotein receptor, as binding was
      inhibitable by coincubation with galactose, asialoglycoproteins, chelation of
      divalent cations, or a specific anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor antiserum. This
      frozen section binding assay was utilized to demonstrate the existence of a bone
      marrow asialoglycoprotein receptor which was found to be capable of binding to
      PNAhi lymphocytes or asialoglycoproteins bound to synthetic substrates. We
      further established that the bone marrow receptor differed both functionally and
      antigenically from its hepatic analogue.

PMID- 4028169
TI  - Demonstration of a macrophage migration enhancement factor in the sera of young
      rabbits.
AB  - Alveolar macrophages (AM), harvested from the lungs of untreated normal young
      rabbits (New Zealand White) 14 days to 8 weeks of age, exhibited a state of
      migration stimulation compared to AM from normal adult rabbits (5 to 6 months of
      age). Migration of AM from normal adult rabbits (New Zealand White) was
      stimulated 2.0- to 2.5-fold when incubated with sera from 39- to 46-day-old
      rabbits compared with sera from normal adult rabbits. Furthermore, 4-day spleen
      cultures obtained from animals 28 to 59 days of age yielded supernatants that
      also stimulated the migration of adult AM. The spleen cell culture supernatants
      from 42- to 49-day-old animals had the greatest activity and stimulated the
      migration of adult AM 2.5- to 3.2-fold compared to the supernatants from adult
      normal rabbits. The peak production of migration enhancement factor (MEF) by
      splenic lymphoid cells coincided with the peak activities found in the sera. It
      was observed that nonadherent peanut agglutinable lymphoid cells produced MEF.
      When sera or culture supernatants containing MEF were mixed with MIF-containing
      adult sera or spleen cell culture supernatants, the respective activities were
      neutralized. The large migrations of normal neonatal AM were diminished by the
      addition of MIF-containing sera obtained from BCG-sensitized/challenged rabbits.
      In contrast, AM from BCG-sensitized rabbits, which exhibited a state of reduced
      migration, were enhanced by MEF-containing sera from untreated young rabbits.
      Three peaks of MEF activity were detected in Sephadex G-100 column fractionated
      sera from 42-day-old rabbits having MWs of approximately (Peak I) 80,000, (Peak
      II) 43,000, and (Peak III) 8000 to 18,000; most of the activity was found in
      peaks II and III. Two peaks of MEF activity were detected in Sephadex G-100
      column-fractionated spleen cell culture supernatants from 42-day-old rabbits
      having MWs of approximately (Peak I) 35,000 to 43,000 and (Peak II) 10,000 to
      14,000; most of the activity was in peak I which corresponds to peak II of the
      serum fractionation experiment. Collectively, these data indicate that MEF is a
      lymphokine that could be important in the modulation of cell-mediated immune
      effector responses.

PMID- 4028170
TI  - Evolution of alloantibodies and suppressor cells in allografted mice treated for
      passive enhancement.
AB  - The kinetics and quality of the alloimmune reaction were studied in CBA (H-2k)
      mice treated for passive enhancement of tumor allografts (Sa 1 indigenous of A/J
      (H-2a or H-2k/d) mice). Serum samples of treated animals were tested for their
      biological properties relevant to different antibody isotypes in vitro
      (hemagglutination, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and anaphylaxis, i.e., mast
      cell degranulation involving all main Ig isotypes; IgM, IgG2, and IgG1, IgE,
      respectively) as well as in vivo (allograft enhancement). Spleen cells from these
      treated animals were examined for their capacity to interfere with the rejection
      of tumor allografts by adoptive transfers into syngeneic recipients. In vitro,
      51Cr release cytolysis assays were performed in order to test their cytolytic and
      regulatory activities in comparison to rejecting control animals. It has been
      shown that: grafted mice, pretreated for passive enhancement, kept their grafts
      longer and synthetized anaphylactic antibodies (mainly IgG1) earlier and at
      higher titers than normal serum controls, which rejected the same Sa 1
      allografts. Mice with enhanced tumors synthetized cytotoxic antibodies (mainly
      IgG2) later than rejecting controls. Serum samples from treated and control
      animals, harvested 10 days (early sera) and 30 days (late sera) after grafting,
      were injected with a "normal dose" (0.2 ml) and a "high" dose (0.4 ml) to new CBA
      recipients grafted with Sa 1. Early immune sera were only enhancing at high doses
      when derived from animals previously treated for enhancement (at the low dose
      both immune sera were enhancing). Late sera, presenting both complement-fixing,
      cytotoxic (predominantly IgG2), and IgG1 anaphylactic alloantibodies in the two
      groups, induced enhancement in all cases, but more strongly when derived from the
      group treated for Sa 1 enhancement. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from
      animals treated for passive enhancement were able either to inhibit the
      accelerated rejection (Day 10) or to promote enhancement of Sa 1 allogeneic cells
      (Day 30) while similar cells taken (Day 10 and Day 30) from control graft
      rejecting mice transferred accelerated rejection. Among the transferred T-cell
      sub-populations, the suppressive effect was mediated by Lyt 2 T cells. In vitro,
      these spleen cells showed a weaker cytolytic activity than those of allograft
      rejecting mice. Moreover, they were able to regulate the cytolytic activity of
      cytotoxic effector cells from specifically immunized CBA mice.

PMID- 4028171
TI  - Inhibition of macrophage activation by calcium channel blockers and calmodulin
      antagonists.
AB  - The biochemical mechanisms by which macrophages become activated to the
      tumoricidal state are poorly understood. To investigate the role of calcium in
      this process, the effect of calcium channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists
      on the acquisition of tumoricidal properties by macrophages activated by a number
      of different agents was examined. Activation of thioglycollate-stimulated C57BL/6
      mouse peritoneal macrophages by macrophage activation factor (MAF) plus LPS, IFN
      gamma plus LPS or the calcium ionophore, A23187, was inhibited in a dose
      dependent fashion by the calcium channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil. These
      agents blocked the influx of 45Ca into macrophages activated by MAF plus LPS.
      Macrophage activation was also inhibited by chlorpromazine, W-7, and
      calmidazolium at concentrations known to perturb calmodulin function. The data
      suggest that activation of macrophages to the tumoricidal state is a calcium
      dependent process involving the participation of calcium-regulated biochemical
      reactions whose activities can be modulated by pharmacological agents that
      frustrate transmembrane calcium fluxes and/or inhibit calmodulin function.

PMID- 4028172
TI  - Uptake and transport of ferritin in the epithelium of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
      and the possible immunological implications.

PMID- 4028173
TI  - Embryonic development of the pig: ultrastructure and uptake of macromolecules
      during early pregnancy.

PMID- 4028174
TI  - Surface markers of male germ cells in early development of carp (Cyprinus carpio
      L.) and the blood-testis barrier in fish. A study with monoclonal antibodies and
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP).

PMID- 4028175
TI  - Muscarinic receptors in rat nasal glands.

PMID- 4028176
TI  - Dynamics in immunocytochemical labelling of granules in the gonadotrops of the
      African catfish Clarias gariepinus, as a function of induced release.

PMID- 4028177
TI  - Uptake of particulate and soluble antigens in the small intestines of the rat.

PMID- 4028178
TI  - Uptake of antigens and inert particles by bronchus associated lymphoid tissue
      (BALT) epithelium in the rat.

PMID- 4028179
TI  - Endocytosis in adipokinetic hormone (AKH)-producing cells of the migratory
      locust, Locusta migratoria, in rest and during flight.

PMID- 4028180
TI  - Rat thymic dendritic cells in culture.

PMID- 4028181
TI  - Identification of human resident macrophages in continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis patients.

PMID- 4028182
TI  - Steroid aromatase, 2-hydroxylase and COMT activity in gonadotropic cells of the
      African catfish, Clarias gariepinus.

PMID- 4028183
TI  - Glucose inhibits cellular ascorbic acid uptake by fibroblasts in vitro.
AB  - It has been suggested earlier that the local deficiency of ascorbic acid in
      tissues could be responsible for development of various angiopathies in diabetes.
      Hyperglycemia is one of the factors which could contribute considerably to the
      development of local ascorbic acid deficiency. Therefore, the effect of glucose
      on uptake of L-[1-14C] ascorbic acid by fibroblasts was studied in vitro. The
      data clearly show that ascorbic acid uptake is inhibited instantly by glucose in
      a concentration dependent fashion. The results support the contention that local
      ascorbic acid deficiency in tissues could be a natural consequence of
      hyperglycemia of whatever cause. The rate of ascorbic acid uptake under various
      conditions suggests that additional supplements of ascorbic acid might be helpful
      to individuals in averting deleterious effects of hyperglycemia on tissue
      ascorbic acid supply.

PMID- 4028184
TI  - Selective extraction of Chara actin bundles: identification of actin and two
      coextracting proteins.
AB  - The sub-cortical actin bundles of the alga Chara corallina can be selectively
      extracted with a low salt solution except when cytochalasin B is present.
      Proteins with molecular weights of 160000, 43000 and 37000 share this extraction
      behaviour. While chemical cleavage of the 43000 band indicates that it is actin,
      the nature of the other proteins is unknown. Although the 37000 protein resembles
      tropomyosin in molecular weight it lacks tropomyosin's distinctively large change
      in electrophoretic mobility in the presence of urea.

PMID- 4028185
TI  - The effects of two physiological salines, Locke's and van Harreveld's, on the
      midgut red chromatophores of the freshwater shrimp, Caridina denticulata.
AB  - It was reported previously that the red chromatophores on the midgut of a
      freshwater shrimp, Caridina denticulata, are affected by Locke's and van
      Harreveld's solutions differently, i.e., the pigment disperses in Locke's
      solution and concentrates with the addition of crude eyestalk extract, but in
      Harreveld's solution the chromatophores do not change in the saline alone nor do
      they respond to eyestalk extract. The differences were probably due to the
      osmotic pressure and Mg ion concentrations of the two solutions not being the
      same. Harreveld's solution is commonly used as a physiological saline for
      freshwater crustaceans such as crayfish. Consequently, this solution was employed
      at first in a previous study (Miyawaki and Tsuruda, 1985). But this solution
      completely inhibited pigment migration in the chromatophores. But when Locke's
      solution was subsequently tried, migration of the pigment in the midgut
      chromatophores occurred. It seemed worthwhile to examine further the effects of
      both solutions on these chromatophores. The results of this study are presented
      below.

PMID- 4028186
TI  - Freeze-fracture replicas of rat ameloblasts reveal unusual membrane domains
      around gap junctions.
AB  - Specimens of aldehyde-fixed and glycerol-impregnated tooth germs obtained from 1
      2 day old rats were prepared for ultrathin section studies and for freeze
      fracture, with the purpose of studying the structural organization of membranes
      of developing ameloblasts. In this report we describe unusual membrane domains
      which were found surrounding several ameloblast gap junctions. Developing
      ameloblasts - when examined in ultrathin sections - exhibit gap junctions which
      appear straight, curved or invaginated. In freeze-fracture replicas, in addition
      to their typical appearance, several gap junctions were found to be surrounded by
      a membrane margin which was undulating and devoid of intramembrane particles
      (IMP's). We believe that these hitherto unreported particle-free membrane margins
      are associated with the formation of curved or invaginated gap junctions. It is
      possible that these membrane margins are particle-free because plasma membrane
      proteins (presumably IMP's) become transiently detached from the cytoskeleton and
      move laterally. It is therefore likely that these margins are pure lipid domains
      which are more flexible, thus providing a transient hinge-like mechanism which
      facilitates the movement required for the formation of the curved or invaginated
      ameloblast gap junctions.

PMID- 4028188
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the compensatory myofibrillar adaptation.

PMID- 4028187
TI  - Increased actin content in cytochalasin D-treated cells is not caused by a
      selective decrease in actin degradation.

PMID- 4028189
TI  - Dense line in cisterna of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes of
      the rat perfused with saponin solution.
AB  - The effect of brief perfusion of saponin solution to the membrane of rough
      surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) was observed in hepatocytes at electron
      microscope level. The liver of rats was perfused with 1% saponin solution in 0.2m
      phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) for 3 min. then perfused again with 4% glutaraldehyde
      buffered with 0.1m sodiumcacodylate-HCl at pH 7.4. The most striking alteration
      of ultrastructure of hepatocytes was the dense intracisternal line of the r-ER.
      That dense line often had cross striation or "ladder structure". Although its
      functional significance remains to be cleared, it should reflect the denature of
      membrane structure of r-ER as one of effects of saponin.

PMID- 4028190
TI  - Cartilage-derived anti-tumor factor (CATF) inhibits the proliferation of
      endothelial cells in culture.
AB  - Previous studies showed that a cartilage-derived anti-tumor factor (CATF), which
      was extracted from bovine cartilage with 1 M guanidine hydrochloride, inhibited
      the growth of solid sarcoma 180, but not the growth of ascites tumors of sarcoma
      180 [Suzuki, F. et al. Jpn. J. Bone Metab., 2, 231-235 (1984)]. This study showed
      that CATF inhibited the proliferation and DNA synthesis of endothelial cells
      isolated from bovine pulmonary artery, but not the proliferations of sarcoma 180,
      L1210 and L cells. These results suggest that CATF has anti-angiogenic
      properties, thereby inhibiting the growth of solid tumors.

PMID- 4028191
TI  - Biosynthesis of laminin and fibronectin by rat satellite cells during myogenesis
      in vitro.
AB  - The biosynthesis of fibronectin and laminin was studied in satellite cells
      cultured from adult rat muscles before (day 4) and after fusion and formation of
      myotubes (day 14) using (35S) methionine as a tracer. The kinetics of
      incorporation into immunoprecipitable fibronectin and laminin were recorded at
      intervals from 1.5 to 24 hours of incubation with the tracer from the cells, the
      pericellular matrix and the culture medium. The rate of synthesis of fibronectin
      and laminin expressed as dpm/microgram DNA were constant from the mononucleated
      cell to the myotube state. Both glycoproteins were detected in the cells and in
      the pericellular matrix. When the results were expressed as the percentage of
      incorporation into total protein, major changes could be observed in the early
      phase of the kinetic studies in the cells and the pericellular matrix. Both
      showed an increase from the mononucleated myoblast to myotube, suggesting that an
      increasing fraction of total protein biosynthesis is directed towards these two
      extracellular matrix glycoproteins. At the same time, there was a decrease in the
      secretion into the medium of freshly synthesized radiolabeled fibronectin and
      laminin. Our results confirm the synthesis of varying ratios of both
      extracellular matrix macromolecules by undifferentiated mononucleated myogenic
      cells as well as myotubes.

PMID- 4028192
TI  - Proliferation of human embryonic corneal stromal cells in a serum-free medium.
AB  - Substantial multiplication of stromal cells from human embryonic corneas has been
      obtained in a basal medium MCDB 104 supplemented with 25 ng EGF/ml, 10 micrograms
      insulin/ml, 20 micrograms transferrin/ml, 25 ng MSA/ml, 500 micrograms
      ovalbumin/ml, 50 micrograms LDL/ml, 50 micrograms HDL/ml and 10(-6) M
      hydrocortisone. Even though the growth rate appears to be similar to that in 10%
      serum, the cells cease proliferating at a lower density.

PMID- 4028193
TI  - Immunocompetent cells in the starfish Asterias rubens. An ultrastructural study.
AB  - Cells from the axial organ of the starfish Asterias rubens were fractionated into
      two populations, adherent and non-adherent to nylon wool. In both populations the
      ultrastructural study revealed the presence of cells resembling the lymphocytes
      of the vertebrates, as well as phagocytic, peroxidase positive cells. The
      lymphocyte-like cells in the non-adherent population (average diameter 4 mu) have
      a high nucleo-cytoplasmatic ratio and are morphologically similar to Th
      lymphocytes while the adherent cells (average diameter 5.5 mu) are more similar
      to Bm lymphocytes. These observations are in line with the hypothesis that there
      exist, in the starfish, a primitive immune system with characteristics resembling
      those of the immune system of vertebrates.

PMID- 4028194
TI  - Glycoproteins associated with brain microtubules.

PMID- 4028195
TI  - Effects of de-efferentation on chick spinal motoneurons: peroxidase-uptake, and
      activities of acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase.

PMID- 4028196
TI  - Chromatin organization in Paracentrotus lividus eggs.
AB  - After purification by buoyant density centrifugation in ethidium bromide - CsCl
      gradient and electrophoretic fractionation, the DNA fragments isolated from P.
      lividus egg nuclei incubated with micrococcal nuclease exhibit a typical
      oligomeric pattern. Analysis of chromatin samples digested to an increasing
      extent by micrococcal nuclease reveals that the structural organization of egg
      chromatin is heterogeneous, both in terms of repeat size and degree of
      sensitivity to nuclease attack. The nucleosomal repeats of P. lividus sperms and
      embryos up to the mesenchyme blastula stage have also been determined, for
      comparison.

PMID- 4028198
TI  - Cell communication compartments in molluscan embryos.
AB  - Early embryos of Patella vulgata have been injected with Lucifer Yellow. No
      restriction of dye spread was found. We show that later in the development, the
      larval trochophore stage present evidence of compartments of cell communication.
      These dye compartments coincide with different presumptive regions.

PMID- 4028197
TI  - Response of interphasic nucleoli to hypoxia in root meristems.
AB  - Hypoxia produces structural changes in interphasic nucleoli of Allium cepa L.
      root meristems. Following segregation, the fibrillar portion of nucleoli seems to
      be extruded in masses, accessory bodies, which stay in nucleoplasm. Such bodies
      apparently leave the fibrillar portion in places which seem to correspond to
      insertion areas of the nucleolar organizers in nucleoli. Reversal of these
      changes is rapidly obtained when oxygenation is restored. Accessory bodies differ
      from prenucleolar bodies since they are compact and homogeneous and they do not
      display segregation under hypoxia.

PMID- 4028199
TI  - Dilated cisternae of nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the
      proventriculus of Drosophila auraria larvae.
AB  - In the cells of the middle layer of the proventriculus of Drosophila auraria
      larvae, the nuclear envelope and the rough endoplasmic reticulum are always found
      in the form of dilated cisternae. The length of these cisternae can reach 10 mu.
      There are indications that materials from the outer membrane of the nuclear
      envelope are directly transported to the Golgi complex of the examined cells.

PMID- 4028200
TI  - [The effect of VULM 411 on the rhythmogenic center of the myocardium].

PMID- 4028201
TI  - [Biological side-effects of potential antitubercular agents. VIII. Antimitotic
      activity of thiobenzamides substituted on the nitrogen thioamide function group
      or on the aromatic cycle in position 2].

PMID- 4028202
TI  - [Possibilities of preparing coagulatively effective concentrates from human
      plasma in the transfusion service].

PMID- 4028203
TI  - [Documentation of the Society's activity in the development of the Czech
      Pharmaceutical Society as a contribution to the study of pharmaceutic history].

PMID- 4028204
TI  - [The significance of acceleration in the intrapartum cardiotocogram].

PMID- 4028205
TI  - [Therapy of fetal hypotrophy].

PMID- 4028206
TI  - [Personal experience with the roll-over test].

PMID- 4028207
TI  - [Possibilities of detecting extrauterine pregnancy by radioimmunologic
      determination of chorionic gonadotropins in the blood].

PMID- 4028208
TI  - [Use of Sevatest HCG-latex in ambulatory gynecologic practice].

PMID- 4028209
TI  - [Serous cystadenoma ovarii permagnum].

PMID- 4028210
TI  - [Legal admissibility and the consequences of artificial insemination and
      inovulation].

PMID- 4028211
TI  - [Detection of chlamydia in patients with trachoma].

PMID- 4028212
TI  - [Results of a microbiological examination of the conjunctival sac at the Eye
      Clinic in Brno 1979-1983 in patients with planned intraocular surgery].

PMID- 4028213
TI  - [An epidemic of keratoconjunctivitis at the ophthalmic department in Levoca from
      October to December 1981].

PMID- 4028214
TI  - [Changes in the lens after 60Co irradiation].

PMID- 4028216
TI  - [Idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit in childhood. Clinical study].

PMID- 4028215
TI  - [Gold therapy and the eye].

PMID- 4028217
TI  - [Classification of endothelial findings in congenital glaucoma using computer
      analysis].

PMID- 4028218
TI  - [Eye manifestations in oxalosis].

PMID- 4028219
TI  - [Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome)].

PMID- 4028220
TI  - [Transient psychogenic concentric narrowing of the visual field].

PMID- 4028221
TI  - [Central areolar choroidal dystrophy].

PMID- 4028222
TI  - [Computer tomography in laryngeal diseases].

PMID- 4028223
TI  - [Personal experience with the surgical treatment of laryngotracheal stenoses].

PMID- 4028224
TI  - [Phonation prosthesis].

PMID- 4028225
TI  - [Diagnosis of tumors of the statoacoustic nerve].

PMID- 4028226
TI  - [Congenital cervical cysts in data from the ORL department].

PMID- 4028227
TI  - [The present state and perspectives in phoniatry education and the organization
      of phoniatric care in Slovakia].

PMID- 4028228
TI  - [Stipula 62, a new drainage product manufactured in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 4028229
TI  - [Modification of the valve system on Friedl's respiratory bronchoscopy to a
      simple non-valved system].

PMID- 4028230
TI  - [Adapters for the terminals of light-conducting cables from East Germany
      permitting the use of these cables with accessories and optical equipment
      manufactured by Wolf].

PMID- 4028231
TI  - [What is undergraduate training in neurology like?].

PMID- 4028232
TI  - [The effect of ischemia and recirculation on protein synthesis in the central
      nervous system].

PMID- 4028233
TI  - [New findings on neuroinfections].

PMID- 4028234
TI  - [The effect of nootropic substances on fluctuations in vigilance tonus in
      postinjury pseudoneurasthenia. EEG study].

PMID- 4028235
TI  - [Mutual relations between selected interoreflexive (so-called autonomic) and
      psychologic parameters].

PMID- 4028236
TI  - [Electrodiagnosis of the early stages of the Guillain-Barre syndrome].

PMID- 4028237
TI  - [Visual evoked potentials. IV. Reversibility of changes during focal cerebral
      ischemia induced by occlusion of the median cerebral artery in cats].

PMID- 4028238
TI  - [Spinal arachnoid cysts].

PMID- 4028239
TI  - [Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in children].

PMID- 4028240
TI  - [The significance of the diagnosis of aorto-pulmonary collaterals in the
      tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 4028241
TI  - [Homocystinuria].

PMID- 4028242
TI  - [Cystathioninuria].

PMID- 4028243
TI  - [2 cases of bronchial carcinoid in children].

PMID- 4028245
TI  - [Hair loss in children and adolescents].

PMID- 4028244
TI  - [Possibilities of new therapeutic approaches in renal diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 4028246
TI  - [The ratio of genetically-conditioned pathologic states in child mortality
      between the age of 8 days and 1 year].

PMID- 4028247
TI  - [Preliminary results of foster care of children at risk who have been transferred
      from a home for children and infants].

PMID- 4028248
TI  - [Late manifestations of congenital pulmonary emphysema].

PMID- 4028250
TI  - [Diagnosis of isolated tracheoesophageal fistula--the Coop or Fabian test?].

PMID- 4028249
TI  - [The number of gypsy children hospitalized in the pediatric department of the
      District Health System in Presov].

PMID- 4028251
TI  - [Current problems in pediatric nephrology].

PMID- 4028252
TI  - [The pediatrician and the family].

PMID- 4028253
TI  - [Inhalation aerosol scintigraphy of the lungs in childhood].

PMID- 4028254
TI  - [Incidence of manifest diabetes and disorders of glucose tolerance in the family
      and siblings of children with diabetes mellitus type I].

PMID- 4028255
TI  - [Immunologic reactivity of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 4028256
TI  - [Treatment of heart failure in children].

PMID- 4028257
TI  - [Basis of rational nutrition of infants at the present time].

PMID- 4028258
TI  - [The effect of the use of saunas on morbidity due to respiratory diseases in
      children attending nurseries].

PMID- 4028259
TI  - [Defects in the structure of dental tissue in children in Prague].

PMID- 4028260
TI  - [How can the child psychiatrist contribute to the pediatrician's care of the
      child?].

PMID- 4028261
TI  - [The history of medicine and health care in Czechoslovakia and its importance in
      the development of social medicine and the organization of health care].

PMID- 4028262
TI  - [Legal regulations of the citizen-health worker relationship. I].

PMID- 4028263
TI  - [Medico-legal problems in ambulatory care].

PMID- 4028264
TI  - [Use of coefficients of economic requirements in ambulatory care and in
      hospitals].

PMID- 4028265
TI  - [Drug requirements from the the viewpoint of the age structure and sex of a
      population in a medical region].

PMID- 4028266
TI  - [Obesity as a risk factor in hypertension].

PMID- 4028267
TI  - [Personal experience with a computerized data base of hospitalized patient
      records].

PMID- 4028268
TI  - [The present and future of emergency surgery].

PMID- 4028269
TI  - [Scientific medical information, health education and history in research
      conducted under the 7th 5-year-plan].

PMID- 4028270
TI  - [Double-contrast examination of the stomach in various work environments].

PMID- 4028271
TI  - [Radiologic differentiation of proctocolitis from regional (Crohn's) colitis].

PMID- 4028272
TI  - [Gastroduodenal obstruction by gallstones (Bouveret's syndrome].

PMID- 4028273
TI  - [Possibilities of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in the diagnosis and
      therapy of peracute cholangitis].

PMID- 4028274
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of carcinoid of the small intestine (an error in
      surgical exploration)].

PMID- 4028275
TI  - [Initial experience with B-scan echoencephalography in neurosurgical practice].

PMID- 4028276
TI  - [Infectious osseous complications in patients on chronic hemodialysis therapy].

PMID- 4028277
TI  - [Incomplete double aortic arch and esophageal reflux disease after type II
      gastric resection].

PMID- 4028279
TI  - [Personal experience with a lymphography kit made in Yugoslavia (TIK Kobarid)].

PMID- 4028278
TI  - [Insertion of 2 catheters into a vein using a single puncture].

PMID- 4028280
TI  - Resistance to beta-lactam antibacterial agents in hospitals.
AB  - In recent years, due to the frequent use of antimicrobial agents, strains
      resistant to antibiotics have been seen with increasing frequency among hospital
      isolates. We have compared the susceptibility to different beta-lactam drugs of
      Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus aureus strains, isolated during a 10-yr
      period (1974-1984) from pathological specimens of different units of Spedali
      Civili of Brescia Medical School. We have also analyzed the plasmid DNA profile
      of representative Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in 1984.

PMID- 4028282
TI  - Double-blind randomized comparative trial: ornidazole (Tiberal) versus tinidazole
      (Fasigin) for the treatment of non-specific vaginitis.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized trial 60 patients with demonstrated bacteriological
      and clinical non-specific vaginitis were treated with tinidazole versus
      ornidazole. Thirty patients received tinidazole 2 g daily taken orally in two
      separate doses for two consecutive days. Twenty-three patients (76%) were cured,
      3 patients (10%) relapsed and 4 patients were therapeutic failures. Thirty
      patients received ornidazole with the same regimen. Twenty-eight patients (93%)
      were cured, 1 patient (3.3%) relapsed and 1 patient had intolerance to the
      medication.

PMID- 4028281
TI  - Assessing modifications of the intestinal bacterial flora in patients on long
      term oral treatment with bacampicillin or amoxicillin: a random study.
AB  - The authors conducted a randomized trial on 16 patients to evaluate intestinal
      aerobic microfloral changes after prolonged oral treatment with bacampicillin
      (b.) (16 g/die) or amoxicillin (a.) (2 g/die). The analysis showed a quantitative
      reduction of isolates in 6 patients: 2 patients were treated with b. while 4 with
      a. (Odd ratio, O.R. = 3). Mean values of CFU presented as well a more evident
      reduction in a.-treated patients. From the qualitative point of view, bacteria
      modifications occurred in one patient treated with b. and 3 with a, (O.R. = 4.2).
      Bacterial changes, although not statistically significant, were thus greater in
      patients treated with a. than b.

PMID- 4028283
TI  - A multicenter, randomized parallel double-blind study comparing three
      antibiotics, cephemic-cofosfolactamine, fosfomycin and cephalexin, in the
      treatment of systemic infections.
AB  - In the present multicenter, randomized and double-blind study, performed on 127
      hospitalized patients, we compared the effects of three antibiotics (cephemic
      cofosfolactamine, cephalexin and fosfomycin) in the treatment of acute or
      recurrent systemic infections. Results show that the percentage of recoveries of
      clinical symptoms and of bacterial eradications were significantly higher, and
      associated with a lower rate of side effects in the patients treated by cephemic
      cofosfolactamine than in those treated by cephalexin or fosfomycin.

PMID- 4028284
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies and the human breast.
AB  - This resume has focussed attention upon some aspects of the clinical and
      pathological utility of breast-directed antibodies. Such related probes may also
      be of value in novel aspects of therapy for this group of disorders and as agents
      for radio-immunolocalisation.

PMID- 4028285
TI  - Effect of beta-lactam antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations on the
      phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by the perfused rat liver.
AB  - We evaluated whether the exposure of Staphylococcus aureus to a subinhibitory
      concentration of penicillin and cefamandole could modify its susceptibility to
      rat serum factors and to the phagocytic activity of the isolated and perfused rat
      liver. Control or sub-MIC treated bacteria were added to the circulating medium
      which contained homologous serum, and the disappearance of bacteria from the
      perfusate and their recovery in the liver was determined during the 10 min
      experimental time. Sub-MIC treated bacteria were more susceptible to the
      bactericidal activity of serum present in the perfusate. However, the clearance
      rate of bacteria by the liver was decreased for penicillin-treated organisms and
      unchanged for cefamandole-treated bacteria. The data suggest that beta-lactam
      antibiotics at sub-MIC levels may modify S. aureus susceptibility to host defense
      mechanisms.

PMID- 4028287
TI  - Peroxidase-catalyzed benzidine binding to DNA and other macromolecules.
AB  - [14C]Benzidine is rapidly oxidized by a peroxidase/H2O2 system to products which
      bind irreversibly to DNA. The presence of exogenous DNA also prevented benzidine
      polymerization to 'benzidine brown' and azobenzidine. Two molar equivalents of
      H2O2 were required to oxidize the benzidine and achieve maximal DNA binding.
      Furthermore, 95% of the benzidine was trapped and 36 nmol benzidine was bound per
      mg DNA. Polyriboguanylic acid was as effective as DNA in binding benzidine, but
      polyriboadenylic acid, polyribouridylic acid and polyribocytidylic acid were much
      less effective. Binding of [14C]benzidine correlated well with the absorbance at
      295 nm and 390 nm of the modified DNA or various synthetic homopolymers of
      ribonucleotides isolated from the reaction mixture. The peroxidase/H2O2 system
      also catalyzed the binding of dichlorobenzidine, o-tolidine and o-dianisidine to
      DNA but 3,5,3',5'-tetramethylbenzidine, a non-carcinogen, did not bind. The
      binding could be prevented by various biological hydrogen donors, thiols, or
      phenolic antioxidants. The mechanisms for DNA protection were investigated; the
      oxidized benzidine species involved in binding can be reduced with ascorbate,
      NADPH, or thiols, and trapped by thiols or phenolic antioxidants to form
      conjugates or adducts.

PMID- 4028286
TI  - Spin state control of cytochrome P-450 reduction and catalytic activity in a
      reconstituted P-450 LM2 system as induced by a series of benzphetamine analogues.
AB  - Reconstituted liposomal cytochrome P-450 LM2 was reacted with a series of
      benzphetamine analogues as substrates. Based on the thermodynamical model of
      Ristau et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 536 (1978) 226-234) the free enthalpy of
      substrate binding to the high spin form of the enzyme was shown to correlate with
      the total high spin content of the respective enzyme substrate complex. Reduction
      and substrate N-demethylation rates as well have been evidenced to linearly
      correlate with the substrate-induced spin shift delta alpha and moreover with the
      spin content alpha. The data obtained provide further experimental support for
      the spin state regulation of the reduction and conversion rate of cytochrome P
      450 LM2.

PMID- 4028288
TI  - Investigation of absorption, metabolism kinetics and DNA-binding of
      intratracheally administered benzo[a]pyrene in the isolated, perfused rat lung: a
      comparative study between microcrystalline and particulate adsorbed
      benzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) adsorbed onto urban air particles (UAP) or in
      microcrystalline form (MCr) was administered intratracheally to the isolated
      perfused lung in doses of 100 and 1.5 micrograms. The appearance rate constant
      calculated for B[a]P release to the perfusate buffer was significantly lower for
      B[a]P administered adsorbed onto UAP (0.007 +/- 0.002 min-1) compared to the
      microcrystalline preparation (0.051 +/- 0.030 min-1). A classical two
      compartmental model fitted well to the elimination of B[a]P from the perfusate
      buffer, after administration in solution to the buffer reservoir; C = 24 e-0.05t
      + 14 e-0.01t (pmol/ml). The concentration of polar metabolites in the perfusion
      buffer, at the end of experiments was approx. 9-fold higher for lungs
      administered the microcrystalline preparation compared to UAP at 1.5 microgram
      doses. At the 100 microgram dose level, the difference between preparations was
      only 2-fold, the data indicating that enzyme saturation might be important at the
      high dose level. With regard to the metabolite pattern, adsorption of B[a]P onto
      urban air particles caused a relative increase in the formation of B[a]P-9,10
      dihydrodiol, whereas the relative formation rate for phenols was decreased. The
      absolute levels of B[a]P metabolites covalently bound to DNA was significantly
      higher in lungs given the MCr preparation compared to the UAP. When calculated as
      the amount metabolites bound, in relation to the total amount polar metabolites
      at the end of perfusion, however, the UAP preparation was significantly more
      efficient to enhance the production of DNA binding metabolites; 2.62 +/- 0.59 X
      10(-5) vs. 1.33 +/- 0.21 X 10(-5) (pmol covalently DNA-bound metabolites/mg
      DNA/pmol metabolites formed). The results indicate that urban air particles may
      exert a cocarcinogenic effect with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by
      increasing the pulmonary residence time for the carcinogenic hydrocarbon and/or
      alter the metabolite pattern in a way that enhances the covalent binding of
      metabolites to DNA.

PMID- 4028290
TI  - Trialkyl phosphorothioates and glutathione S-transferases.
AB  - Using a rat liver cytosol source of enzyme trialkyl phosphorothioates have been
      shown to be substrates of glutathione S-transferases. Using OSS-trimethyl
      phosphorodithioate (OSS-Me(O] and OOS-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-Me(O] the
      methyl transferred to the sulphydryl of glutathione is that attached to
      phosphorus via an oxygen atom. Fractionation of liver cytosol has shown that
      although the bulk activity is due to the three isozymes (1-1; 3-4; 1.2), OSS
      Me(O) is a general substrate for glutathione S-transferases. The specific
      activity is low compared with the substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2
      dichloro-4-nitrobenzene.

PMID- 4028289
TI  - Comparative studies of the metabolic activation of chrysene in rodent and human
      skin.
AB  - Metabolism and activation of chrysene was examined in mouse, rat and human skin
      using a short-term organ culture technique. Mouse skin released larger quantities
      of free dihydrodiols into the culture medium than either rat or human skin and
      greater quantities of chrysene metabolites became covalently bound to the DNA of
      mouse skin. The stereochemistry of the chrysene-1,2-diol that was formed by each
      skin type was examined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a
      chiral stationary phase to resolve the enantiomers. It was found that in each
      case the (-)-enantiomer predominated. When hydrolysates of DNA extracted from
      rodent or human skin that had been treated with 3H-labelled chrysene were
      chromatographed on Sephadex LH-20 columns, the elution profiles of the
      hydrocarbon-DNA adducts were found to vary between the species studied. Further
      examination using HPLC showed that some of the adducts formed in skin had the
      chromatographic characteristics of adducts formed when the anti-isomer of the
      'bay-region' diol-epoxide of chrysene (r-1,t-2-dihydroxy-t-3,4-oxy-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydrochrysene) reacted with DNA and that others had the characteristics of
      triol-epoxide adducts.

PMID- 4028291
TI  - Synthetic studies on platelet-activating factor (PAF).

PMID- 4028292
TI  - Stereochemistry of hydrogenation of (-)-dehydrogriseofulvin to (+)-griseofulvin
      with a cell-free system of Streptomyces cinereocrocatus.

PMID- 4028293
TI  - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of piperidine derivatives with various
      heterocyclic rings at the 4-position.

PMID- 4028294
TI  - Synthesis of 1- and 3-(1-substituted 4-piperidinyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2
      oxoquinazolines as potential antihypertensive agents.

PMID- 4028295
TI  - Spiropiperidines. I. Synthesis of 1'-substituted spiro[4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4,4'
      piperidin]-2(1H)-one derivatives and evaluation of their antihypertensive
      activity.

PMID- 4028297
TI  - Specificity of antisera raised against estradiol 12-bovine serum albumin
      conjugates.

PMID- 4028296
TI  - Studies on 2-oxoquinoline derivatives as blood platelet aggregation inhibitors,
      IV. Synthesis and biological activity of the metabolites of 6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H
      5-tetrazolyl)butoxy]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline (OPC-13013).

PMID- 4028298
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 3-methylcytosine in
      deoxyribonucleic acid treated with carcinogenic methylating agents in vitro and
      in vivo.

PMID- 4028299
TI  - Salivary excretion of 5-fluorouracil. I. Fluctuation of the saliva/plasma
      concentration ratio and salivary clearance in beagle dogs following bolus
      intravenous administration.

PMID- 4028300
TI  - Preparation and in vitro degradation properties of polylactide microcapsules.

PMID- 4028302
TI  - Quantitative structure-in vivo half-life relationships of perfluorochemicals for
      use as oxygen transporters.

PMID- 4028301
TI  - 2,2'-Dithiodibenzamides as inhibitors of blood platelet aggregation.

PMID- 4028303
TI  - Controlled release of pilocarpine hydrochloride from ethylene-vinyl alcohol
      copolymer matrices.

PMID- 4028304
TI  - Fluorimetric assay for hydrolytic activity of cholesterol esterase in rat
      tissues.

PMID- 4028305
TI  - Effect of simultaneous administration of drugs on absorption and excretion. XIX.
      Binding of acetohexamide and its major metabolite, (-)-hydroxyhexamide, to human
      serum albumin.

PMID- 4028306
TI  - Laser photoacoustic microscopy for the determination of dye on a solid
      biopolymer.

PMID- 4028307
TI  - [A new Salmonella serotype isolated in Greece: Salmonella phaliron =
      8:z:e,n,z15].
AB  - A new Salmonella serotype of sub-genus I, Salmonella phaliron, 8:z:e,n,z15, has
      been isolated in Greece from sea water polluted from the water of the small river
      Kifissos.

PMID- 4028308
TI  - [Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Africa. Apropos of a case with hemorrhagic
      manifestations in Mauritania].
AB  - The authors report a case of CCHF observed in a patient living in South
      Mauritania. This is the first case of an haemorrhagic syndrome due to the CCHF
      virus in West Africa. Data concerning this disease in Africa are brought up to
      date.

PMID- 4028309
TI  - [First case of subcutaneous phycomycosis seen in Gabon and treated successfully
      with ketoconazole].
AB  - First observation of subcutaneous phycomycosis observed in Gabon. Diagnosis was
      made by histological study. Biopsy permitted isolation of B. haptosporus.
      Sensitivity in vitro against ketoconazole was 1 microgram/ml. The patient cured
      with 33 g of ketoconazole in 84 days.

PMID- 4028310
TI  - [Human hypodermyiasis in France in 1984: 266 cases recorded to date. Distribution
      according to known geographic origin].
AB  - The authors, after collecting all human hypodermosis cases in France they know to
      this day, to the number of 266 (cases in the literature, and unpublished,
      diagnosed or by them, in the great majority, or by others), make the situation,
      at the beginning of 1984, of this parasitosis and do comments on the evolution in
      time of the number of cases according to the geographical regions in France.

PMID- 4028311
TI  - [2 cases of hydatidosis in the Republic of Niger].
AB  - Two cases of hydatidosis have been observed at the hospital of Niamey, one
      involving the tibia and the other one the liver and the spleen. For unknown
      epidemiological factors, this helminthiasis is rare in man in western Africa.

PMID- 4028312
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis in the Central African Republic: first survey].
AB  - For this purpose, toxoplasma antibodies were determined by latex agglutination
      test. Two kinds of human sera were examined: people in "good health" from North
      of Centrafrican Republic and patients from Bangui. In North, 40% of sera gave
      positive results and young girls from 1 to 14 years old seem to become positive
      earlier than young boys. At Bangui, 81% of sera from pregnant women coming from
      Medical Service was positive; all from 8 patients with ocular affections was
      positive and only 5 on 10 with adenopathy.

PMID- 4028313
TI  - [Becoming sedentary, acculturation and infectious diseases: socio-ecological
      problems of the Bayaka Pygmies].
AB  - The falling of tropical rain forests in Equatorial Africa, and the subsequent
      penetration of Bantu hoe farmers into the former jungle regions are depriving the
      Pygmies of the basis for their traditional way of life as roaming hunters and
      gatherers. Most of the former roaming groups now live in permanent settlements
      near Bantu villages. But becoming sedentary and adapting to the habits of the
      Bantu have had catastrophic results for the Pygmies: today, this people suffers
      to a great extent from infectious diseases and animal parasites, which were once
      almost unknown among them. In particular, Yaws, a skin disease which is
      widespread in Africa affects whole tribes. With the loss of their cultural
      identity their social structure also collapses: formerly free Pygmies get
      employed as cheap labour on coffee plantations.

PMID- 4028314
TI  - [Nutrition studies in the mid valley of Senegal. 2. Nutritional health of the
      population and its trends].
AB  - A nutritional survey performed in the Senegal mid valley in 1983 including 610
      individuals shows that mild to moderate protein-energy malnutrition, specific
      deficiencies and anemia are still present. In addition new health hazards such as
      overweight and perhaps high blood pressure, raise and may burden public health
      welfare in that area.

PMID- 4028315
TI  - [Osteonecrosis of the femur head caused by sickle cell anemia in Benin.
      Epidemiologic and radiologic aspects].
AB  - The author reports 19 aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, due to sickle cell
      anemia, collected in 14 black people native from Benin. Sickle cell anemia is the
      most frequent etiology of osteonecrosis there. They are generally observed
      between 10 and 30 years of age. A systematic and complete study of the
      radiological signs has been carried out. The peculiar severity of the disease in
      black Africa is related to the chronicity of the sickling disorder, the delay
      brought to the diagnostic, the lack in therapeutic media.

PMID- 4028316
TI  - [The Great Rift Valley. Parasitological results].
AB  - East Africa is separated from the continent by the Great Rift Valley which was
      created at the end of the secondary era limiting then the East Africa under
      continent with peculiar fauna and flora features. A several million years long
      isolation, during the tertiary era, seems to explain that a certain number of
      protozoan and helminthic diseases present peculiar clinical, epidemiological,
      therapeutical and parasitological features. The occurrence of those peculiar
      strains tends to indicate that in this region, for example, the resistance of P.
      falciparum to amino-4-quinolines is a regional feature which should not largely
      expand to the rest of the African continent.

PMID- 4028317
TI  - [Ecology of tick-borne arboviruses in the Central African Republic].
AB  - Ticks have been collected on cattle skins for seven consecutive years in Bangui,
      Berberati, Bangassou and Bouar. 150 strains of arboviruses have been isolated
      from the four following species: Amblyomma variegatum: Dugbe, Jos, Thogoto,
      Crimean-Congo Hemorragic Fever (CCHF), Yellow Fever, Bhanja and Petevo; Boophilus
      annulatus: Dugbe, Jos and Thogoto; B. decoloratus: Dugbe, Jos, Thogoto and CCHF;
      Hyalomma nitidum: CCHF. Dugbe (112 isolated strains), Jos (19 isolates) and
      Thogoto (11 isolates) viruses represent more than 95% of all the strains. Dugbe
      virus was isolated mostly during the first half of the rainy season. Jos virus
      shows a maximum rate of infection during the dry season (february) and a second
      peak in october (2nd half of the rainy season). Most of the strains of Thogoto
      virus have been isolated during the dry season. These seasonal variations of
      infection rates follow the seasonal variation of vector population densities.
      Thus preimagines and imagines of A. variegatum, the main vector of the Dugbe
      virus in C. A. R. show peaks of abundance respectively during the dry season and
      during the first half of the rainy season. Adults of Boophilus show maximum
      densities from december to february (dry season) when the greater number of Jos
      and Thogoto viruses are isolated. CCHF virus ecology needs more studies in
      Central African Republic. The importance of ticks in the wild cycle of Yellow
      Fever virus is not yet understood. Bhanja virus has been isolated only one time
      in C. A. R. Petevo is a lately described virus which belongs to a group thus far
      unknown in Africa (Palyam gr.).

PMID- 4028318
TI  - [Endemic pulmonary paragonimiasis in Lower Mundani (Fontem district of southwest
      Cameroon). Results of treatment with praziquantel].
AB  - During a survey on pulmonary paragonimiasis in three villages of Lower Mundani
      (Cameroon), 35 patients excreting Paragonimus eggs were detected. They were
      treated with 75 mg/kg per day of praziquantel, administrated in three doses, at 4
      to 6 hours intervals, for three days. A three months follow-up, 97.1% of the
      patients were cured.

PMID- 4028319
TI  - Clinical manifestations of female trichomoniasis and comparison of direct
      microscopy and culture media in its diagnosis.
AB  - A group of 125 women attending a gynecologic clinic was studied to assess the
      value of four culture media, wet smear and Papanicolaou stained smears and also
      to re-evaluate the clinical picture in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. There was
      no significant difference between the results of 4 different culture media but
      significant difference was obtained from fresh wet vaginal smears and culture
      media on the one hand and with Papanicolaou stained smears on the other hand.
      During the survey, cultures were examined daily for five days, and the Oxoid no.
      2 medium gave a majority of positive results and diphasic eggs, CM161 Oxoid, 5447
      Merck media were in turn having positive results after 3 days incubation at 36
      degrees C. R27, egg, CM161 and 5447 culture techniques and Papanicolaou stained
      smears, identified T. vaginalis in 37 (29.6%), 33 (26.4%), 30 (24%), 28 (22.4%)
      and 15 (12%) patients respectively, while the wet mount was positive in 22
      (17.6%) patients. R27 culture technique identified T. vaginalis in 37 women, and
      wet mount was positive in 22 patients (P greater than 0.001). In no case was the
      vaginal wet mount preparation positive for T. vaginalis and the culture negative.
      Egg medium detected T. vaginalis in 33 women, in comparison with wet mount
      positive 22 (P greater than 0.01). Vaginal discharge was described by 72% of the
      125 patients, but only 19 (51.4%) Trichomonas vaginalis were detected. Dysuria
      was present in 73 (58.4%) cases but only 21 (16.8%) were suffering from
      trichomoniasis. Physical examination revealed no vaginal discharge in 18 (48.6%)
      of the women, 12 (22.4%) cases had frothy leukorrhea in women with
      trichomoniasis.

PMID- 4028320
TI  - [Fertility in Gabon (Haut Obooue). Retrospective study in Okondja and
      Franceville. Obstetrical activity at the maternity hospital in Franceville during
      the first trimester of 1981].
AB  - This is a report of 2 studies led in Gabon (Haut Ogooue) in 1981: investigation
      of retrospective fecondity in 2 groups of women (in Franceville and Okondja). The
      mean number of pregnancies per women (3.8 and 4.3) and the mean descent are close
      to official reports. This investigation reveals that there is a high neonatal
      mortality rate, which is likely to have an effect on hypofecondity among women of
      this area, even more for the older ones; activity of the "Maternite Provinciale
      de Franceville" during the first semester 1981.

PMID- 4028321
TI  - [New data on the fleas (Insecta, Siphonaptera) of Algeria].
AB  - 28 species or subspecies are noted; 6 are new for this country [Echidnophaga
      gallinacea (Westwood, 1875), Xenopsylla blanci Smit, 1957?, Ischnopsyllus
      intermedius (Rothschild, 1898), I. octactenus (Kolenati, 1856), Nycteridopsylla
      ancyluris Jordan, 1942 and N. pentactena (Kolenati, 1856)]. A new Caenopsylla is
      described in another paper.

PMID- 4028322
TI  - [Hemoglobin C in a hospital milieu in Bamako (Mali)].
AB  - An hospital survey, performed in Bamako (Mali, West Africa) showed 7.5%
      haemoglobin AC, 0.4% haemoglobin CC, 1.6% haemoglobin SC and 0.2% haemoglobin CA
      (haemoglobin C-beta+thalassaemia). Haemoglobin C was mostly prevalent among Bobo,
      Mossi, Senoufo, Minianka and Dogon coming from the Southern border of Mali.
      Haemoglobin SC and to a lesser extent haemoglobins CC and CA often induce
      haemolysis and vasoocclusion. Microcytosis is common, even in the absence of
      anaemia.

PMID- 4028324
TI  - DNA ligase activities during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by N-2
      acetylaminofluorene.
AB  - A progressive accumulation of DNA breaks has been reported to occur in nuclear
      DNA obtained from putative premalignant hepatic lesions induced by carcinogens.
      To determine if this alteration resulted from a defect in the level of, or
      functional activity of DNA ligases, we compared these enzymes in normal rat
      liver, 24-h regenerating liver, and hepatic nodules at intervals after cessation
      of N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) treatment. Nuclear extracts of hepatocytes were
      separated into soluble and chromatin fractions, and multiple forms of DNA ligase
      activity were obtained by AcA34 gel filtration chromatography. In activities of
      the two largest species, DNA ligase Ia (480 kd) and DNA ligase Ib (240 kd), were
      present exclusively in soluble, nuclear fractions and were increased 4-fold and 2
      fold, respectively, in 24-h regenerating livers. In AAF-induced nodules, these
      species were increased 3-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively, above those of normal
      rat liver, somewhat higher than predicted from the rate of cell division. In all
      of the test tissues, these ligase species demonstrated identical sensitivity to
      inhibition with 0.1 M NaCl or heating at 50 degrees C. DNA ligase II (80 kd) was
      found in both soluble nuclear fractions and chromatin at approximately identical
      levels in all tissues tested. Ligase II from all tissues also demonstrated
      identical responses to salt and heat. These data support the concept that DNA
      ligases Ia and Ib are related to DNA replication and suggest that ligase II may
      be a repair enzyme. The failure to detect significant alterations from expected
      values in the hepatic nodules and the lack of alteration in sensitivity to salt
      and heat indicate that the accumulation of DNA damage (presumably breaks)
      previously observed in carcinogen-induced altered hepatocytes is not due to an
      alteration in the level or the biochemical properties of DNA ligase.

PMID- 4028323
TI  - Tissue-specific DNA adduct formation in mice treated with the environmental
      carcinogen, 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole.
AB  - Covalent adduction of DNA by chemical agents is commonly thought to be an
      essential part of the initiation of chemical carcinogenesis. Until recently,
      assays of DNA damage by covalent binding of chemicals have been restricted mostly
      to substances that are available in radiolabeled form, which excludes many
      environmental compounds with carcinogenic potential. In this paper, the binding
      of non-radioactive 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC), a known environmental
      carcinogen, to DNA in female CD-1 mice after s.c. injection of 44 mumol/kg of the
      compound has been investigated using a 32P-postlabeling assay. DBC showed strong
      hepatic specificity with a mean total level of 107 adducts per 10(7) nucleotides
      at 24 h, while much lower levels of binding were seen in kidney, lung, spleen,
      skin and brain with 4.3, 2.1, 1.3, 0.4 and 0.04 adducts, respectively, per 10(7)
      nucleotides. Proportions of individual DBC adducts also varied considerably
      between tissues. The degree of hepatic preference displayed by DBC is not seen
      with other polycyclic aromatic carcinogens such as benzo[a]pyrene and 2
      acetylaminofluorene. The DNA-binding data, together with other hepatotoxic
      effects of the compound, may be causally related to the known
      hepatocarcinogenicity of DBC.

PMID- 4028325
TI  - Indirect induction of a clastogenic effect in epidermal cells by a tumor
      promoter.
AB  - The mechanisms by which tumor promoters exert their effects on target tissues are
      not clearly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that phorbol ester tumor
      promoters induce an oxidative burst in phagocytes and DNA single-strand breaks
      (SSB) in leukocytes. The purpose of the research presented here was to
      investigate the clastogenic effects of tumor promoters in the target cell
      population, primary mouse epidermal cells co-incubated with leukocytes. Using the
      alkaline elution assay to detect DNA SSB, it was demonstrated that tumor
      promoters induce DNA SSB in primary mouse epidermal cells incubated in the
      presence of leukocytes. By increasing the ratio of leukocytes to epidermal cells
      from 1:2 to 10:1, in the presence of 1.6 X 10(-6) M 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate (TPA), a ratio dependent increase in DNA SSB was observed (from 9 X 10(
      2) to 121 DNA SSB per 10(6) nucleotides). A dose response in DNA SSB was seen
      with TPA over a concentration range of 4 X 10(-9)-1.6 X 10(-6) M. Mezerein, a
      second stage tumor promoter, induced similar levels of DNA SSB to that of TPA. 4
      O-Methyl TPA, a first stage tumor promoter, induced significantly fewer DNA SSB
      than either TAP or mezerein at similar concentrations. The induction of DNA SSB
      in epidermal cells treated with TPA and co-incubated with leukocytes was
      inhibited by catalase but not superoxide dismutase. These data indicate that
      tumor promoters can act indirectly on target epidermal cells by stimulating the
      release of a clastogenic factor from leukocytes through a mechanism involving
      H2O2.

PMID- 4028326
TI  - Viscometric detection of liver DNA fragmentation in rats treated with ten
      aromatic amines. Discrepancies with results provided by the alkaline elution
      technique.
AB  - A new viscometric technique, capable of detecting DNA strand breaks and alkali
      labile sites by monitoring time-dependent changes of DNA reduced viscosity, has
      been used to evaluate DNA fragmentation in liver of rats treated with single i.p.
      doses of ten aromatic amines. Persistent and dose-dependent changes of DNA
      viscometric parameters, which are considered indicative of DNA fragmentation,
      were produced by six hepatocarcinogenic aromatic amines: 2-naphthylamine,
      benzidine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, auramine O, 4-aminoazobenzene, and 4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene. In contrast, changes of liver DNA viscometric parameters
      were minimal and transient or practically absent in rats treated with aniline, 1
      naphthylamine, 4,4'-oxydianiline and 2,4-diaminoanisole, all of which are devoid
      of hepatocarcinogenic activity. The comparison with data previously obtained with
      the alkaline elution technique demonstrates that the two methods can give
      different results, and that viscometrically-detected DNA damage is better
      correlated with carcinogenic activity than DNA damage detected by alkaline
      elution.

PMID- 4028327
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to 1-aminopyrene-DNA.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were obtained after fusion of mouse P3X63-AG.8.653 myeloma
      cells with spleen cells isolated from BALB/cCr mice immunized with denatured DNA
      modified by 1-nitrosopyrene reduced with sodium ascorbate (AP-d-DNA) and
      complexed electrostatically to methylated bovine serum albumin. Ten stable
      hybridoma lines have been isolated and characterized by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). They all recognize 1-aminopyrene (1-AP)-modified
      DNA, but not free 1-nitropyrene or 1-aminopyrene. Antibody 11H2 is the most
      specific for AP-DNA showing no cross-reactivity with unmodified native DNA. It
      also recognizes 8-nitro-1-AP and 6-nitro-1-AP modified DNA. There was some low
      cross-reactivity with DNA modified by a benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide and N-acetoxy
      N-2-acetylaminofluorene. Competitive ELISA with antibody 11H2 reliably detected
      AP-DNA adducts formed when 1-nitropyrene was incubated with Salmonella
      typhimurium TA1538. By immunological methods, AP-DNA adducts were shown to be
      unstable to heat denaturation. This suggests that specific monoclonal antibodies
      to carcinogen-DNA adducts will be useful not only for detecting and quantitating
      carcinogen-DNA damage but also for probing adduct stability.

PMID- 4028328
TI  - Integration of a mutant c-Ha-ras oncogene into C3H/10T1/2 cells and its
      relationship to tumorigenic transformation.
AB  - C3H/10T1/2-CL8 mouse cells were shown to take up and express a plasmid-cloned
      drug resistance gene (Ecogpt) after DNA transfection at a frequency (2-6 X 10(-4)
      which is acceptable for routine recovery of gene-transformed populations.
      Transfection of 10T1/2 cells with a mutant c-Ha-ras oncogene (pEJ6.6 plasmid)
      results in neoplastically transformed 10T1/2 cell populations as judged by colony
      morphology and tumorigenic growth in nude mice. The levels of mutant c-Ha-ras
      gene integration and expression in the tumorigenic cell populations and 10T1/2
      cell controls were determined, and the highest level of mutant ras transcript was
      seen in the most tumorigenic cell population. A preliminary comparison of 10T1/2
      and NIH/3T3 cells showed similar frequencies for pEJ 6.6-induced transformed foci
      and a similar lack of sensitivity to the transforming effects of a cloned B-lym
      oncogene. The results identify a genetic event, which has previously been shown
      to be carcinogen-inducible, that is permissive for neoplastic transformation of
      the widely used carcinogen-transformable 10T1/2 mouse cell line.

PMID- 4028329
TI  - H.p.l.c. of benzo[a]pyrene glucuronide, sulfate and glutathione conjugates and
      water-soluble metabolites from hamster embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - Chromatography of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) sulfate, glucuronide and glutathione (GSH)
      conjugate standards were examined by h.p.l.c. on a C8 column as modified by
      various organic acids and solvents. Sulfate and glucuronide standards were
      positional isomers derived from BaP-1,3,6,7,9 phenols and BaP-GSH conjugates
      consisted of a racemic mixture of BaP-4,5-GSH. In the absence of acid, BaP
      conjugates appeared as rapidly eluting, unresolved peaks in aqueous-methanol or
      acetonitrile gradients or coeluted as broad peaks in a water-propanol gradient,
      with the exception of BaP-7-OH sulfate which eluted as a distinct symmetrical
      peak. Addition of acetic or trifluoroacetic (TFA) acids enhanced column retention
      of BaP conjugates in each solvent system. Upon acidification of mobile phases,
      BaP-GSH isomers were partially resolved, isomers of BaP sulfates or of BaP
      glucuronides coeluted, and BaP-7-OH sulfate was resolved from all conjugates. BaP
      GSH conjugates were most resolved and preceded elution of other conjugates when
      TFA was added to mobile phases. BaP sulfates and glucuronides generally coeluted
      but were partially resolved at 0.1% TFA in a water-methanol gradient. Water
      soluble metabolites from cultured hamster embryo fibroblasts (HEF) incubated with
      [3H]BaP for 24 h were chromatographed by h.p.l.c. in a water-methanol gradient
      with TFA. BaP glucuronides, consisting of tetraols, triols, quinones,
      dihydrodiols and phenols eluted as a single peak which could be removed by beta
      glucuronidase treatment and organic extraction. BaP sulfates were not detected.
      The remaining BaP metabolites which were resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis,
      generally eluted prior to BaP glucuronides suggesting they constitute a family of
      BaP-GSH derivatives.

PMID- 4028330
TI  - Nafenopin-induced rat liver peroxisome proliferation reduces DNA methylation by N
      nitrosodimethylamine in vivo.
AB  - The hypolipidaemic drug nafenopin (NAF) has been shown to enhance the
      hepatocarcinogenic effect of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N
      nitrosodiethylamine in rats. We have investigated whether the NAF-induced
      peroxisome proliferation in hepatocytes interferes with NDMA's metabolism and
      interaction with DNA. Adult male Wistar rats received a single i.p. injection of
      [14C]NDMA (2 mg/kg) and were killed 4 h later. DNA was isolated from liver and
      kidney, hydrolysed in 0.1 N HCl and analysed by Sephasorb chromatography. In rats
      pre-treated with NAF (0.2% in the diet over a period of 3 weeks), the
      concentration of N7-methylguanine in hepatic DNA (mumol/mol guanine) was 46%
      below control values. This is probably due to the greater amount of target DNA,
      as NAF caused a marked hepatomegaly with a 50% increase in total liver DNA
      content. Concentrations of N7-methylguanine in kidney DNA were twice as high in
      NAF-pre-treated animals when compared to control rats. This is unlikely to result
      from a shift in the metabolism of NDMA from liver to other rat tissues since the
      time course and extent of the conversion of [14C]NDMA to 14CO2 and 14C-labelled
      urinary metabolites were identical in NAF-treated and control animals. There was
      no indication that NAF inhibits the activity of the hepatic O6-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferase.

PMID- 4028331
TI  - The effect of some experimental parameters on the inhibition of metabolic
      cooperation by phorbol myristate acetate.
AB  - The effect of cell density, PMA exposure time, concentration, pre-exposure and
      binding activity on the recovery of V 79 HGPRT- Chinese hamster cells in the
      metabolic cooperation assay was determined. A PMA exposure interval of only 1 min
      resulted in maximum recovery of HGPRT- cells. PMA began to inhibit metabolic
      cooperation at a dose as low as 0.1 ng/ml final media concentration. The recovery
      of HGPRT- cells varied according to cell density in the presence or absence of
      PMA, although the magnitude of this effect was much greater in untreated cells.
      Pre-exposure of cells to PMA increased the recovery of both post-PMA-treated and
      non-treated HGPRT- cells in a dose-dependent manner. [3H]PMA was rapidly bound to
      or taken up by V 79 cells. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of
      PMA on metabolic cooperation in V 79 cells involves receptor binding.

PMID- 4028332
TI  - Interaction between yeast cytochrome P-450 and chemical carcinogens.
AB  - The binding of various chemical carcinogens to the glucose-inducible form of
      cytochrome (cyt.) P-450 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined with reference
      to known metabolism in mammalian systems. All the carcinogens examined gave
      spectral interactions with the yeast cytochrome. The carcinogens benzo[a]pyrene
      and cyclophosphamide gave Type I binding, while benzidine and 2-naphthylamine
      gave Type II binding spectra indicating binding at the haem group.
      Dimethylnitrosamine gave undetectable binding in yeast microsomal fractions, but
      a Type I binding spectrum was seen with purified cyt. P-450 preparations. The
      demonstration that these carcinogens bind to yeast cyt. P-450 is discussed in the
      light of their genotoxicity.

PMID- 4028333
TI  - Syncarcinogenic effects on the initiation of rat liver tumors by trans-4
      acetylaminostilbene and 2-acetylaminofluorene.
AB  - Two carcinogenic aromatic amines with different organotropism were tested for
      syncarcinogenic effects in rat liver in an initiation-promotion experiment. Trans
      4-acetylaminostilbene (AAS) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) were administered as
      initiators in four doses each either alone or sequentially combined in both
      orders. The promotion phase was started by partial hepatectomy and continued by
      adding phenobarbital (250 p.p.m.) to the drinking water for 26 weeks. The
      number/cm2 of tissue section and average size of hyperplastic foci, glucose-6
      phosphatase-deficient and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase-positive foci were
      determined and a total area of lesions calculated during the promotion phase
      after 18 and 31 weeks, and in the post-promotion phase after 42 and 47 weeks. The
      synergistic effects of AAS and AAF were clearly more than additive if compared
      with the sum of the effects exerted by each compound individually. The sequence
      in which both initiators were administered remarkably influenced the development
      of lesions. They developed more rapidly and persisted longer in the post
      promotion phase when AAS was administered first and AAF second. In the final
      stage, enzyme altered foci increased in the livers of both combination groups,
      but to a greater extent in the AAS-AAF group. It is concluded that the two
      arylamides damage DNA independently. In addition, however, the results suggest
      that AAS acts predominantly as an initiator, and AAF as a weak initiator and a
      strong promoter in what is considered the initiation phase of this experiment.

PMID- 4028334
TI  - Enhancement of cholesterol synthesis and pentose phosphate pathway activity in
      proliferating hepatocyte nodules.
AB  - The endogenous synthesis of cholesterol in hepatocyte nodules, induced in male
      Wistar rats, by a single dose of the hepatocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine followed
      by a selection procedure, was investigated and was compared with that in
      surrounding and control tissue. In addition, the activity of enzymes related to
      carbohydrate metabolism (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate
      dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase and pyruvate kinase), was measured.
      Hepatocyte nodules showed a striking increase in their capacity for synthesizing
      cholesterol, in comparison to surrounding and control tissues, and an enhancement
      in the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, as indicated by increased
      activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and of 6-phosphogluconate
      dehydrogenase, and a concomitant decrease of glucose-6-phosphatase. The
      stimulation of cholesterol synthesis and of the pentose phosphate pathway was
      associated with increased incorporation of labelled thymidine into DNA. These
      data indicate that, among other metabolic disturbances, enhancement of
      cholesterol synthesis and of the pentose phosphate pathway, is accompanied by an
      increased proliferative capacity of hepatocyte nodules.

PMID- 4028335
TI  - Mechanistic aspects of the delay in the G2 phase of the cell cycle caused by
      tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in HeLa cells.
AB  - In order to gain an insight into the nature of the radiomimetic activity by which
      the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) alters cell cycle
      parameters in HeLa cells, possibilities of modifying the TPA-induced G2 block and
      recovery from it were studied. TPA-induced G2 blockage was analysed by counting
      mitotic figures. It was not influenced by hydroxyurea (10(-3) M) thus indicating
      that it is independent of DNA synthesis. TPA-induced decrease of mitotic activity
      occurred faster than that caused by cycloheximide (10(-5) M) indicating that the
      TPA-sensitive transition point in G2 is closer to mitosis than that for
      cycloheximide. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, alpha-tocopherol, the
      radioprotector S-(2-aminoethyl)isothiuroniumbromide.HBr (AET), caffeine and
      indomethacin and eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), both inhibitors of oxygenases in
      the arachidonic acid cascade, were not capable of reducing the TPA-induced G2
      response. Under certain conditions small concentrations of AET (10(-8) M) and
      ETYA (10(-8) M) appeared to improve recovery slightly. Mannitol and sorbitol,
      however, both hydroxyl radical scavengers at 0.1 M concentration reduced TPA
      effectiveness to a large degree (0.1 M D- and L-mannose were ineffective).
      Dimethylsulfoxide (0.1 M), another hydroxyl radical scavenger, was ineffective.

PMID- 4028336
TI  - Fetal mouse susceptibility to transplacental lung and liver carcinogenesis by 3
      methylcholanthrene: positive correlation with responsiveness to inducers of
      aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism.
AB  - The role of metabolic activation of carcinogens in fetal tissue as a determinant
      of sensitivity in transplacental carcinogenesis was investigated in a
      pharmacogenetic experiment utilizing backcrosses of C57BL/6 (AhbAhb, responsive
      to induction of aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism) and DBA/2 (AhdAhd, non
      responsive) mice. Responsive (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 and non-responsive DBA mothers,
      all carrying both responsive (AhbAhd) and non-responsive (AhdAhd) fetuses, were
      given i.p. doses of the carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) ranging from 5 to
      175 mg/kg on gestation day 17. At 10 months of age the metabolic phenotype of
      each offspring was determined, and correlated with number of lung and liver
      tumors. Both male and female AhbAhd (responsive) offspring in most dose groups
      presented a consistent two- to three-fold higher incidence of lung tumors than
      did non-responsive AhdAhd littermates. The difference held for offspring of both
      (C57BL/6 X DBA)F1 and DBA mothers and it was of statistical significance for one
      or both sexes at most dosage levels. Hepatocellular tumors were also
      significantly more frequent in responsive male AhbAhd progeny of (C57BL/6 X
      DBA/2)F1 mothers than in non-responsive AhdAhd littermates. Progeny of the DBA
      mothers exhibited significantly more liver and lung tumors than did those of the
      (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mothers receiving the same dose. These results suggest that
      in this model system both maternal and fetal genotype for responsiveness to
      induction of aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism are important factors modulating
      fetal carcinogenic risk.

PMID- 4028337
TI  - Carcinogenic effect of N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl)amine in newborn rats.
AB  - N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) was administered twice weekly for a total of
      11 doses to 2-day-old Fischer F-344 rats of both sexes to ascertain the spectrum
      of tissues sensitive to its carcinogenic effects. At 26 weeks, the following
      incidence of neoplasms were encountered in male and females, respectively;
      hepatocellular carcinoma (53 and 46%); nephroblastoma (21 and 11%); and in males
      gonadal stromal tumors of testis (68%). Although acidophilic and basophilic
      acinar cell foci were encountered in pancreas, these were few in number and
      microscopic. These findings indicate that in newborn Fischer rats, hepatocytes,
      epithelial and mesenchymal cells of the kidney, and mesenchymal cells of testis
      are more sensitive to BOP than those of exocrine pancreas.

PMID- 4028338
TI  - Methylating agents: their target amino acids in nuclear proteins.
AB  - We have tried to establish a correlation between the carcinogenic potency of four
      methylating compounds and their specific target sites in chromatin. We have
      therefore compared the nuclear metabolism of two relatively weak carcinogens
      radioactively labelled: dimethyl sulphate (DMS) and methyl methanesulphonate
      (MMS), and two potent carcinogens: N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanosine (MNNG) in cultured primary hepatocytes and the V79
      Chinese hamster cell line. Cysteine (when present), and to a lesser extent
      histidine, were methylated by MMS and DMS not only in the total acid-soluble
      nuclear protein (H) but also in purified histones H1 and H3. These compounds had
      the same effect not only on total non-histone nuclear protein (NH) but also on
      purified HMG1 and HMG2 (nuclear non-histone proteins with high electrophoretic
      mobility). Traces of methylarginine and methylated lysine could be detected in
      all samples. MNU and MNNG predominantly methylated lysine and arginine residues,
      the former being found mostly in acid soluble, the latter in non-histone nuclear
      protein. Methylated cysteine and histidine were present in trace amounts. Our
      preliminary data suggest specific amino acid methylation at the nuclear protein
      level for carcinogens with different potencies, similar to what has been found
      for DNA bases.

PMID- 4028339
TI  - Cerebral function in iron deficiency: a review.
AB  - Studies in many parts of the world have shown that children with iron deficiency
      and anaemia show minor defects of cerebral function such as poor attentiveness,
      poor coordination and slightly impaired scores on developmental assessment. The
      patients improve rapidly after treatment with iron--too quickly for their anaemia
      to have been corrected. Such changes have not been detected in children with
      anaemia from other causes, nor in patients with iron deficiency too slight to
      cause anaemia. The possibility that these changes are due in some way to some
      other aspect of malnutrition has not been excluded. Fortunately they are minimal,
      easily reversible and potentially preventable.

PMID- 4028340
TI  - Smoking habits in school-children with 2 years follow-up.
AB  - The proportion of smokers among Swedish school-children between 12 and 15 years
      of age and their short- and long-term attitudes and reactions towards smoking
      during an antismoking campaign was studied. Of a total of 413 pupils interviewed,
      13.3% of the boys and 9.5% of the girls were smokers. Among the 15-year-old
      pupils 21% were smokers, whereas none of the 12-13-year-old pupils smoked at all.
      Everyday smoking was twice as common in boys as in girls but on follow-up there
      was no difference. Our study confirms a trend of diminishing smoking habits in
      boys but not among girls. Antitobacco campaigns may have a long-term positive
      effect in supporting changed attitudes towards smoking.

PMID- 4028341
TI  - Addicted mothers and their children: a case for coordinated welfare services.
AB  - Children of drug-addicted mothers are at an increased risk of premature birth,
      neonatal complications, developmental delay, understimulation, deprivation,
      neglect, abuse and even premature death. Research results from four Danish
      centres are presented and discussed. The material covers the period from 1970
      1983. The studies clearly show a need for more coordinated support and services
      for these families and their children in order to prevent a new generation of
      'social losers'.

PMID- 4028342
TI  - Ventricular action potentials, ventricular extracellular potentials, and the ECG
      of guinea pig.
AB  - Action potentials were recorded from different regions of the guinea pig
      ventricle to characterize regional differences in waveform configuration, and to
      acquire insight into the generation of the T-wave of the electrocardiogram.
      Isolated tissue preparations were driven at 1 Hz, and microelectrodes were used
      to map accessible surface regions of the epicardium, endocardium, and septum.
      There were minimal differences in regional resting potentials (mean -87 mV) and
      amplitudes (mean 122 mV), but Vmax in the epicardium (mean 110 V/sec) was much
      smaller than elsewhere (mean 247 V/sec). The action potential duration at the -80
      mV repolarization level was longest in the papillary muscles (mean 154 msec),
      shortest in the septum (mean 126 msec), and generally 10-15 msec longer at the
      base than at the apex. The characteristics of intramural action potentials were
      inferred from measurements on enzymatically isolated myocytes, the rationale
      being that most dissociated myocytes originated from intramural cell layers. The
      action potentials in about 40% of the myocytes had durations similar to those
      recorded from the tissue surface (110-170 msec), and the remainder ranged from
      170-290 msec long. The existence of longer-than-surface action potentials in the
      ventricle was also inferred from the body surface electrocardiogram and from
      bipolar electrograms of isolated left ventricles. In both cases, the Q-T
      intervals could be accounted for only by action potentials longer than those
      recorded from the ventricular surface.

PMID- 4028343
TI  - The effect of pH on cellular and membrane calcium binding and contraction of
      myocardium. A possible role for sarcolemmal phospholipid in EC coupling.
AB  - Calcium binding to cultured whole cell monolayers, to their membranes made by
      "gas dissection," and to sarcolemmal vesicles from canine heart, is measured as a
      function of pH from 5.5-8.5. The effects on binding are compared to the
      contraction response of the cultured cells over the same pH range. All responses
      to pH, including calcium binding and contraction, are well described (r = 0.98
      0.99) by a relation in which calcium binding depends primarily upon the extent of
      ionization of sarcolemmal binding sites. The effect of pH on calcium binding to
      phospholipid extracted from sarcolemmal vesicles suggests that the phospholipid
      accounts for at least 75% of the binding. The extent of ionization of the sites
      is pH-dependent and predicted by a form of the Henderson-Hasselbach relation with
      pK of the putative sites between 6.60 and 7.15. As pH increases from 5.5-8.5,
      membranous calcium binding, cellular calcium uptake, and contraction amplitude
      increase proportionally. Cellular calcium uptake increases by 4.4 mmol/kg dry
      weight cells (0.75 mmol/kg wet weight). Sixty percent to 65% of this increment is
      rapidly exchangeable and lanthanum displaceable, indicative of sarcolemmal
      localization. The remainder enters a slowly exchangeable (t1/2 = 26 minutes)
      compartment not directly related to support of contraction. The study supports
      the hypothesis that calcium bound to sarcolemmal sites plays a critical role in
      control of myocardial contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028344
TI  - Adverse effects of chronic cardiac denervation in conscious dogs with myocardial
      ischemia.
AB  - The extent to which total chronic cardiac denervation protects the ischemic
      myocardium was investigated in conscious dogs. The major hemodynamic difference
      after coronary artery occlusion was that left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
      rose significantly more, P less than 0.01, in the denervated group (12 +/- 1.5 mm
      Hg) than in the normal group (4.4 +/- 1.4 mm Hg). Blood flow (radioactive
      microspheres) in the ischemic endo- and epicardium fell to similar levels at 3-5
      minutes after coronary occlusion, but was significantly less (P less than 0.01)
      in denervated dogs at 3 hours after occlusion in the endo- (0.05 +/- 0.01) and
      epicardium (0.30 +/- 0.02 ml/min per g), than in the endo- (0.13 +/- 0.03) and
      epicardium (0.42 +/- 0.05 ml/min per g) in the normal group. A subgroup of normal
      dogs was also studied, with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased by
      volume loading to levels similar to those observed in the denervated group after
      coronary occlusion; in these dogs, blood flow was similar to that in the other
      two groups 3-5 minutes after coronary artery occlusion, but, at 3 hours, was
      significantly more depressed (P less than 0.01) than that observed in normal dogs
      without volume loading in both endo- (0.03 +/- 0.01) and epicardial (0.25 +/-
      0.03 ml/min per g) layers. Infarct size, as a fraction of the area at risk, was
      significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in the denervated group (60 +/- 4.3%)
      and in the subgroup of normal dogs with elevated left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure (73 +/- 5.8%), compared with the normal group without volume loading (37
      +/- 8.1%). Thus, in conscious dogs, total chronic cardiac denervation exerts an
      adverse effect on infarct size which may be related to the sustained elevation in
      left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and consequent impairment of collateral
      perfusion.

PMID- 4028345
TI  - Protamine inhibits capillary formation in growing rat hearts.
AB  - Various indices of capillary supply to the rat heart were studied in neonatal
      rats injected for 2 or 4 weeks with protamine sulfate in saline (subcutaneously,
      60 mg/kg body weight, 2 times/day). Cardiac capillarization was evaluated not
      only by traditional indices for the capillary supply, such as mean capillary
      density and myocyte-to-capillary ratio, but also by a more advanced morphometric
      method of capillary domains. This method allows the estimation of both the
      average radius of the Krogh tissue cylinder and its variability, which reflects
      the heterogeneity of capillary spacing found to be an independent morphological
      determinant of oxygen diffusion in the tissue. The results were evaluated with
      respect to regional differences (subendocardial vs. middle section), age
      differences, and the effect of protamine. No regional differences in capillary
      supply were found in this experimental situation. Hearts from older rats had
      significantly decreased capillary supply, expressed as lower capillary density,
      larger capillary domains, and greater radius of the tissue cylinder. On the other
      hand, the heterogeneity of capillary spacing decreased significantly with age.
      Protamine-injected animals, when compared to their control littermates, had a
      significantly higher cell-to-capillary ratio, lower capillary density, larger
      capillary domains, greater radius of the tissue cylinder, and larger variability
      in capillary spacing. Thus, protamine was effective in impeding rapid capillary
      growth in the hearts from rats in the early postnatal period. Close to half of
      all the existing capillaries in the adult rat hearts are formed during the first
      3-4 postnatal weeks.

PMID- 4028346
TI  - Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period in the
      dog. 13. Correlation of activation and refractory maps.
AB  - Isochronal maps of ventricular activation were analyzed in dogs 3-5 days after
      ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery utilizing a 64-channel
      multiplexer. Isochronal maps of the effective refractory period were determined
      from 62 epicardial sites and correlated with the activation maps. The ischemia
      occurring in the surviving epicardial layer prolonged refractoriness in a
      spatially nonuniform manner. The resulting pattern of refractoriness on the
      epicardial surface resembled concentric rings of isorefractoriness which
      increased in duration from the normal zone to the center of the ischemic zone.
      The formation of an arc of functional unidirectional conduction block occurred
      along the gradient of refractoriness and the exact location of the arc depended
      on the S1-S2 interval. When a short S1-S2 failed to induce reentry, fewer
      adjacent sites with sufficiently disparate refractoriness formed a smaller arc of
      block. A subsequent S3 encountered further nonuniformly shortened refractoriness
      (normal areas had shortened refractoriness greater than ischemic areas) and the
      arc of block was lengthened. This required a longer time for the wavefront to
      circulate around the arc. When it then reached the distal side of the arc,
      refractoriness had expired proximal to the arc and reentry occurred. Similarly,
      nonuniform shortening of refractoriness explained why one reentrant beat may or
      may not produce successive reentrant beats. Therefore, the spatial pattern of
      refractoriness forms the substrate for the arc of unidirectional conduction block
      that is fundamental to the development of ventricular reentry in this
      experimental model.

PMID- 4028347
TI  - Vagal chemoreflex coronary vasodilation evoked by stimulating pulmonary C-fibers
      in dogs.
AB  - We performed experiments on anesthetized, open-chest dogs to determine whether
      the pulmonary chemoreflex (bradycardia and systemic hypotension) evoked by
      stimulating pulmonary C-fibers also involves reflex changes in coronary vascular
      resistance. We perfused the circumflex coronary artery at constant pressure
      (usually 100 mm Hg) and recorded mean circumflex blood flow. Stimulation of
      pulmonary C-fibers by right atrial injection of capsaicin (10 micrograms/kg)
      decreased arterial blood pressure and heart rate and increased circumflex blood
      flow by 32-109% (P less than 0.001). Circumflex blood flow also increased, by 26
      100% (P less than 0.001), when heart rate was kept constant by pacing. Coronary
      vasodilation was not secondary to the reflex decrease in arterial blood pressure.
      Injecting capsaicin (10 micrograms/kg) into the left atrium did not increase
      circumflex blood flow. Reflex coronary vasodilation could still be evoked when
      myelinated nerve fibers were blocked selectively by cooling the cervical vagus
      nerves to 7-8 degrees C but was abolished by cooling to 0 degrees C, by cutting
      the pulmonary vagal branches, or by giving atropine. Reducing coronary perfusion
      pressure shifted the stimulus (dose of capsaicin)-response (increase in coronary
      blood flow) curve to the right, but, even at low perfusion pressures, significant
      reflex vasodilation still occurred. Regional (transmural) distribution of
      myocardial blood flow was measured by the microsphere technique at various
      perfusion pressures. The endocardial:epicardial blood flow ratio decreased
      significantly as perfusion pressure was reduced, but was not altered by right
      atrial injection of capsaicin at any perfusion pressure. Our results indicate
      that stimulation of pulmonary C-fibers triggers reflex cholinergic vasodilation
      in all layers of the myocardium.

PMID- 4028348
TI  - Microneurographic studies of the mechanisms of sympathetic nerve responses to
      static exercise in humans.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of muscle afferents
      and central command in regulating sympathetic nerve activity during static
      exercise in humans. In 20 healthy subjects, we recorded heart rate, arterial
      pressure, and efferent sympathetic nerve activity in the leg during arm exercise.
      Microelectrodes were inserted percutaneously into a fascicle of the peroneal
      nerve to measure sympathetic discharge to muscle. Measurements were obtained in
      nine subjects during sustained handgrip (30% maximal voluntary contraction)
      followed by relaxation or by arrested circulation of the forearm. Heart rate and
      arterial pressure increased during the first and second minutes of handgrip.
      Muscle sympathetic nerve activity increased from 261 +/- 46 to 504 +/- 97 units
      (mean +/- SE; units = burst frequency X amplitude; P less than 0.05) during the
      second minute of handgrip. During forearm ischemia following handgrip, heart rate
      returned promptly to control, whereas arterial pressure and muscle sympathetic
      nerve activity (631 +/- 115 units) remained elevated. In contrast, muscle
      sympathetic nerve activity returned toward control during relaxation without
      arrested circulation. These data indicate that muscle sympathetic nerve activity
      is increased by stimulation of chemically sensitive muscle afferents. To
      determine the influence of central command on muscle sympathetic nerve activity,
      we compared responses during an involuntary and a voluntary biceps contraction,
      each at 20% maximal voluntary contraction. Both maneuvers raised arterial
      pressure, but heart rate increased only during voluntary contraction. More
      importantly, muscle sympathetic nerve activity rose during involuntary
      contraction, but fell during voluntary effort.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028349
TI  - Mechanical properties of human pericardium. Differences in viscoelastic response
      when compared with canine pericardium.
AB  - Whereas most experiments on the mechanical function of the pericardium have been
      performed on dogs, very little is known about the applicability of those data to
      humans. To examine the tensile viscoelastic properties of fresh human
      pericardium, we have used the methods from our previous study of canine
      pericardium. Although the mechanical responses of canine and human pericardium
      were qualitatively similar, human pericardium displayed a significantly greater
      viscous character. Human pericardium was 7.3 times thicker than canine
      pericardium, but was more extensible in stress-strain tests, with lower stiffness
      at a given strain. The static (elastic) stiffness of human pericardium seems
      identical to that of canine pericardium; lower stiffness per unit thickness of
      the human tissue at predicted physiological stresses was almost exactly
      compensated by the greater wall thickness. This effect was also seen in data on
      fracture strength and stiffness. However, human pericardium displayed greater
      viscous responses than the canine tissue. This was seen in doubled cyclic
      hysteresis losses, and greater stress relaxation and creep. Our results suggest
      that experiments on the viscoelastic properties of canine pericardium may not be
      directly applicable to humans, especially where dynamic mechanical properties are
      most important: i.e., in studies of ventricular function and the time-course of
      pericardial effusions.

PMID- 4028350
TI  - A note on the relation of maximum upstroke velocity to peak inward current
      recorded by the voltage clamp.

PMID- 4028351
TI  - Comments on "Interpretation and physiological significance of diastolic coronary
      artery pressure-flow relationships in the canine coronary bed".

PMID- 4028352
TI  - Cardiovascular surgery 1984. Council on Cardiovascular Surgery, American Heart
      Association, Scientific Sessions. Miami Beach, Florida, November 12-15, 1984.

PMID- 4028353
TI  - Operative risk of mitral valve replacement: discriminant analysis of 1329
      procedures.
AB  - The influence of 34 variables on the operative mortality rate for isolated mitral
      valve replacement (MVR) was assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic
      regression analysis. The physiologic lesions were classified as stenosis (20%,
      operative mortality rate 8 +/- 1%), regurgitation (44%, operative mortality rate
      13 +/- 2%), and mixed (34%, operative mortality rate 8 +/- 1%). Functional class
      (NYHA), previous myocardial infarction, and hepatic dysfunction were powerful
      independent clinical determinants of operative mortality (p less than .001),
      along with age at operation and emergency operation (p = .001, p = .04).
      Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting or tricuspid annuloplasty, angina,
      ischemic etiology, and physiologic lesion were not significant independent
      determinants of operative risk. Interestingly, year of operation, prosthetic
      valve dysfunction, and previous cardiac surgery had no important effect on
      operative mortality. Early operative risk for MVR was related to preoperative
      cardiac and hepatic function. Prior myocardial infarction substantially increased
      the risk even if the mitral valve disease was not ischemic in origin. Increased
      operative mortality rate in the subgroup with mitral regurgitation was related to
      advanced left ventricular failure and myocardial infarction rather than the
      etiology of the mitral regurgitation. These clinical factors coupled with more
      refined measurements of left ventricular systolic pump function (independent of
      loading conditions) should permit more intelligent decision making regarding the
      optimal timing of MVR, at least in terms of early operative risk.

PMID- 4028354
TI  - Morbidity and mortality in mitral valve surgery.
AB  - To develop strategies for the management of high-risk patients, contemporary risk
      factors for operative mortality and postoperative ventricular dysfunction were
      identified in 214 patients undergoing mitral valve surgery in 1982 and 1983.
      Thirty-eight preoperative and perioperative variables were prospectively
      collected and analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistics. The overall
      mortality was 4.6% and the incidence of postoperative low-output syndrome (LOS)
      was 18.7%. Forty-seven patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) had a higher
      mortality and incidence of LOS (as evidenced by the need for inotropic drugs or
      counterpulsation to maintain blood pressure) (those with CAD 15% mortality, 40%
      LOS; those without CAD 2% mortality, 13% LOS; p less than .05). The presence of
      unstable angina and ischemic mitral regurgitation further increased the risk. Age
      was also a predictor of outcome. Patients who died or had LOS were older (those
      who died, 65 +/- 7 years, those with LOS, 58 +/- 11 years) than patients who
      survived and did not have postoperative dysfunction (those who survived, 53 +/-
      11; those with no LOS, 53 +/- 11; p less than .01). Mitral regurgitation was
      associated with a higher (p less than .05) mortality and incidence of LOS
      (mortality 10.5%, LOS 36%; n = 76) than was mitral stenosis (mortality 0%, LOS
      4%; n = 74) or mixed lesions (mortality 3%, LOS 15%; n = 64). In patients without
      CAD, mitral regurgitation remained a significant predictor of mortality and
      ventricular dysfunction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028355
TI  - Comparison of dysfunction with mechanical and porcine mitral valve prostheses.
AB  - We reviewed the incidence of dysfunction of the Smeloff-Cutter mechanical
      prosthetic valve and the Hancock porcine prosthetic valve in the mitral position.
      The Smeloff-Cutter valve was implanted from 1966 to 1972; 107 patients were
      discharged from the hospital and were at risk for dysfunction. Follow-up averaged
      10 +/- 0.7 years SD. The Hancock valve was implanted from 1971 through 1984; 473
      patients were at risk and follow-up averaged 4.7 +/- 3.4 years SD. Dysfunction of
      the Smeloff-Cutter valve occurred as thrombosis with incomplete poppet opening in
      13 patients. Dysfunction of the Hancock valve occurred as primary tissue failure
      in 47 patients. At 10 years the freedom from dysfunction of the Smeloff-Cutter
      valve was 84 +/- 5% SE and that for the Hancock valve was 71 +/- 4% SE (p greater
      than .06). The mortality associated with dysfunction of the Smeloff-Cutter valve
      was 46%; mortality associated with dysfunction of the Hancock valve was 15% (p
      less than .02). At 10 years the Hancock valve had a greater incidence of
      dysfunction than the Smeloff-Cutter valve but this difference was not
      statistically significant. The mortality associated with dysfunction of the
      Smeloff-Cutter valve, however, was three times that associated with dysfunction
      of the Hancock valve.

PMID- 4028356
TI  - The value of the radionuclide angiogram in the prediction of perioperative
      myocardial infarction in patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization
      procedures.
AB  - To better define the group of patients at high risk of myocardial infarction (MI)
      and death associated with lower extremity revascularization procedures, resting
      gated blood pool studies were obtained in 100 such patients before surgery and
      results were correlated with the prevalence of perioperative MI. The results
      indicated that three patient groups could be distinguished on the basis of
      cardiac ejection fraction. Group I (n = 50) had preoperative ejection fractions
      ranging from 56% to 83%. None of the patients in group I suffered an acute
      perioperative MI. Group II (n = 42) comprised patients with ejection fractions
      ranging from 36% to 55%. There was a 19.0% prevalence of MI in group II, with one
      cardiac death. Group III included eight patients with ejection fractions ranging
      from 26% to 35%. There was a 75% prevalence of perioperative MI in these
      patients, with one cardiac death. All perioperative MIs occurred within the first
      48 hr after surgery. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significantly higher
      prevalence of perioperative MI in patients with gated pool ejection fractions of
      35% or less compared with the prevalence in patients with one or more of the
      other widely used clinical signs of increased cardiac operative risk (p less than
      .02).

PMID- 4028357
TI  - Clinical comparison of St. Jude and porcine aortic valve prostheses.
AB  - One hundred eighty-seven consecutive patients who had aortic valve replacement
      with either a St. Jude or porcine heterograft prosthesis were studied
      prospectively. The two groups were similar with respect to 67 clinical and
      operative factors, which allowed comparison of valve performance as an
      independent variable. Total follow-up was 6162 patient-months (mean 32 months,
      range 23 to 62, 99% complete). There were no statistical differences in
      symptomatic improvement or mortality by life-table analysis. Valve-related
      complications expressed as percent per patient-year included: reoperation, 0.6
      St. Jude and 1.2 porcine; endocarditis, 1.1 and 0.9; regurgitant murmur, 3.4 and
      2.7; hemolysis, 2.8 and 0.0; thromboembolism, 2.8 and 1.5 (all not significant);
      and hemorrhage, 7.9 and 2.4 (p less than .005). Anticoagulant-related bleeding
      was the only significant difference between the two valves in morbidity and
      mortality 32 to 34 months after operation.

PMID- 4028358
TI  - Comparative evaluation of aortic valve replacement with Starr, Bjork, and porcine
      valve prostheses.
AB  - Three groups of 100 consecutive patients with aortic valve disease who were
      operated on between 1974 and 1978 underwent long-term evaluation. There were 100
      aortic valve replacements with porcine bioprosthetic valves (group I), 100 with
      Starr valves (group II), and 100 with Bjork valves (group III). There were no
      significant differences in the preoperative clinical conditions of the patients
      in the three groups. Cumulative follow-up was 1688 patient-years. Incidence of
      valve-related death at 8 years was 4 +/- 2.3% in group I, 13 +/- 3.6% in group
      II, and 13 +/- 3.8% in group III (p less than .05). At 8 years 95 +/- 2.8% of the
      patients in group I were free of thromboembolism, compared with 81 +/- 4.8% of
      those in group II and 84 +/- 4.2% of those in group III (p less than .002). The
      actuarial risk of a reoperation at 8 years was 16 +/- 6% in group I, 5 +/- 2% in
      group II, and 2 +/- 1.6% in group III (p less than .025 group I vs group III). At
      8 years 98 +/- 1.2% of the patients in group I were free of anticoagulant-related
      complications, compared with 88 +/- 3.8% of those in group II and 86 +/- 3.9% of
      those in group III (p less than .005). We conclude that at 8 years porcine
      bioprosthetic valves performed better than mechanical valves, taking into
      consideration thromboembolism, anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, and valve
      related death.

PMID- 4028359
TI  - Hemodynamic performance of the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve in the aortic
      position in vivo.
AB  - The bovine pericardial valve was developed to improve the hemodynamic function of
      tissue valves. Eighty-one patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with the
      Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve in the aortic position were studied
      intraoperatively. Mean gradient across the valve (mm Hg) decreased as valve size
      increased: size 19, 23.0 +/- 7.8; size 21, 19.7 +/- 6.6; size 23, 15.2 +/- 8.6;
      size 25, 13 +/- 4.0. Mean valve orifice area (cm2) increased as valve size
      increased: size 19, 1.1 +/- 0.4; size 21, 1.4 +/- 0.6; size 23, 2.0 +/- 0.7; size
      25, 2.1 +/- 0.7. The mean transvalvular gradient, valve orifice area, and
      performance index increased as mean flow increased. The Carpentier-Edwards
      pericardial valve provides excellent hemodynamic performance that is acceptable
      even in size 19.

PMID- 4028360
TI  - Clinical correlates of atrial tachyarrhythmias after valve replacement for aortic
      stenosis.
AB  - One hundred eighteen consecutive patients undergoing valve replacement for aortic
      stenosis were analyzed to determine the incidence of and predisposing factors to
      postoperative atrial tachyarrhythmias. Univariate and multivariate analyses were
      performed on 70 clinical, hemodynamic, radiographic, electrocardiographic,
      operative, and postoperative variables. Forty-seven patients (40%) experienced
      atrial tachyarrhythmias at a median of 3 days after surgery (70% atrial
      fibrillation, 22% atrial flutter, and 6% junctional tachycardia). Preoperative
      descriptors associated with an increased prevalence of atrial tachyarrhythmias
      were age 70 years or older (p less than .02), mitral regurgitation (p less than
      .002), history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (p less than .03), or
      antiarrhythmic therapy (p less than .006), diabetes mellitus (p less than .01),
      and elevated pulmonary systolic, mean, and capillary wedge pressures (p less than
      .02, p less than .007, p less than .005). Postoperative descriptors were
      prolonged respirator therapy (p less than .001), use of catecholamines (p less
      than .01) or vasodilators (p less than .05), and prolonged stay in the intensive
      care unit (p less than .04). Multivariate analysis of these 12 variables showed
      advanced age, diabetes mellitus, and prolonged respirator use to be independently
      associated with atrial tachycardias and to predict them with a sensitivity of 62%
      and a specificity of 77%. Anticipation of atrial arrhythmias in patients with
      specific clinical descriptors may be used to guide prophylactic therapy.

PMID- 4028361
TI  - Combined cardiac and abdominal aortic surgery.
AB  - Patients with associated cardiac and abdominal aortic disease can undergo one or
      two separate operations for correction of both problems. The results of one
      (group A) and two separate operations (group B) were compared in 26 consecutive
      patients. There were 12 patients in group A and 14 patients in group B. Each
      patient underwent aortocoronary and aortofemoral bypass. In addition, three
      patients from group A and two patients from group B underwent cardiac valve
      surgery; three patients from group A and two patients from group B also had
      aortorenal bypass. There were no operative deaths and the complications were
      similar in both groups. The total amount of blood transfused in hospital, the
      length of stay in the operating room and intensive care unit, and the length of
      hospital stay were significantly shorter in group A. The average cost per patient
      in group A was approximately one-half of the average cost in group B. This
      combined approach for cardiac and abdominal aortic surgery is probably safe and
      is certainly cost effective.

PMID- 4028362
TI  - Urgent surgery for ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Medical treatment of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture carries a high
      mortality. Delayed surgery can be done with good results but many patients die
      awaiting operation. In 1978 we decided that all such patients presenting to us
      should undergo urgent cardiac catheterization and surgery. Since then we have
      seen 22 such patients. Two decided against surgery and died in the hospital.
      Twenty agreed to surgery; in 15 of these an intra-aortic balloon pump was
      inserted before catheterization and in another four at the time of operation.
      Catheterization was performed without complication, and surgery was performed
      within 2 days of septal rupture in all 20 patients. Twelve patients (60%)
      survived hospitalization. Three patients died of pump failure shortly after
      surgery; five died after a second operation for free wall rupture (n = 2) or
      persistent or recurrent septal defect (n = 3). Two other patients survived
      reoperation. Survivors were significantly younger than nonsurvivors and had a
      higher cardiac index and a lower shunt ratio. At a mean follow-up of 47.9 months,
      there has been one late noncardiac death. Eleven patients survive, all in class I
      or II. We conclude that in patients with septal rupture urgent surgery results in
      improved near-term survival compared with known survival rates in medically
      treated patients. Early recurrent rupture is common and often disastrous and
      requires refinement in operative technique. Age, cardiac index, and shunt volume
      are related to surgical outcome. Hospital survivors do very well on a long-term
      basis. We recommend continuation of this aggressive approach.

PMID- 4028363
TI  - Myocardial recovery after hypothermic arrest: a comparison of oxygenated
      crystalloid to blood cardioplegia. The role of calcium.
AB  - We compared multidose crystalloid hyperkalemic cardioplegic solutions with and
      without added red cells in 24 canine hearts subjected to 5 hr of arrest at 10
      degrees C. All cardioplegic solutions were fully oxygenated at 4 degrees C before
      delivery. Since blood cardioplegia contained Ca++ carried over with the red
      cells, Ca++ was added to the crystalloid solution in one group. The table below
      shows the hematocrit (HCT) and ionized Ca++ concentrations of the cardioplegic
      solutions, and coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference during infusion of
      cardioplegic solution (AVO2) (ml O2/100 ml). Recovery during reperfusion is shown
      as percent of prearrest left ventricular function (LVF) and prearrest myocardial
      ATP concentration.

PMID- 4028364
TI  - Surgical treatment of constrictive pericarditis: analysis of outcome and
      diagnostic error.
AB  - The records of 81 patients with a diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis who
      underwent surgical treatment were examined to assess the effectiveness of
      diagnosis and therapy. A false-positive diagnosis occurred in 10 patients (12%);
      seven had restrictive cardiomyopathy. Of 51 variables examined, only a low right
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP) significantly and independently
      predicted diagnostic error. Seventy-one patients with constrictive pericarditis
      underwent pericardiectomy. Mean follow-up was 4.7 years (maximum 12), and only
      two patients were untraceable. The study population was notable: 42 patients had
      visceral as well as parietal pericardial involvement; 32 had idiopathic disease
      and 25 had pericarditis related to radiation therapy. Results were favorable in
      83% of the population. There were seven in-hospital deaths (10%). Actuarial
      survival estimates were 74% and 64% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Compared
      with a normal population, the survival rate of patients with postradiation
      constrictive pericarditis was significantly inferior, whereas the survival rate
      of the remaining patients was not significantly different. Patients with
      constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy did no better than those
      with restrictive cardiomyopathy alone. Additionally, patients in NYHA functional
      class IV had a significantly worse prognosis. Multivariate analysis of 38
      preoperative variables identified high RVEDP as a significant independent
      predictor of in-hospital death, and renal dysfunction and diuretic use were
      significant independent predictors of overall poor outcome. Differentiation
      between the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy
      remains a problem. Radiation therapy, pericarditis with restrictive
      cardiomyopathy, high RVEDP, NYHA class IV status, renal dysfunction, and diuretic
      use adversely influenced outcome in patients undergoing pericardiectomy.

PMID- 4028365
TI  - The surgical treatment of endomyocardial fibrosis: results in 55 patients.
AB  - Over a 5 year period we have operated on 55 patients with endomyocardial fibrosis
      (EMF). The patients were from 4 to 56 years old (mean 13) and they were usually
      in poor condition at the time of surgery, with 47% in class III, and 24% in class
      IV with respect to cardiac function. They presented with right heart restrictive
      diastolic filling pattern (n = 17), mitral insufficiency (n = 18), or a combined
      syndrome (n = 20). All patients were operated upon during cardiopulmonary bypass
      and were submitted to a combination of the following procedures: endocardiectomy
      (30 right ventricular, 28 left ventricular), valvular replacement (21 tricuspid
      valve, 27 mitral valve), and/or valvuloplasty (10 mitral, five tricuspid). Nine
      patients, all with left ventricular or bilateral EMF, died in the postoperative
      period (16%), mainly of low cardiac output. There were five late deaths (three
      valve related). All other patients were functionally improved at the mean follow
      up of 32 months. Twenty-two underwent a late catheterization study. We conclude
      the following from our experience: EMF is a very severe disease that is seen
      mainly in childhood and adolescence, carries a poor spontaneous prognosis, and is
      frequently seen in tropical countries. Surgical treatment is beneficial, but
      surgical mortality is high. Our technical modifications have totally eliminated
      the occurrence of postoperative complete heart block. A conservative valvular
      procedure has been shown to be possible even in some patients with severe mitral
      insufficiency and left ventricular EMF. The late objective improvement is better
      in those with left ventricular EMF than in those with right ventricular
      EMF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028366
TI  - Classic versus modified Blalock-Taussig shunts in neonates and infants.
AB  - Between July 1979 and October 1984, 61 systemic-pulmonary arterial shunts were
      created in 45 patients. Clinical and angiographic results with 23 classic Blalock
      Taussig shunts (BTSs) and 35 modified Blalock-Taussig shunts (MBTSs) with
      polytetrafluoroethylene grafts between the subclavian and pulmonary arteries were
      compared. Forty-three of the patients studied were infants: 28 were less than 1
      month old, and 19 were less than 1 week old. Weights were 1.1 to 19 kg (mean 2.9
      kg). Diagnoses were complex tetralogy of Fallot (18 patients), transposition of
      the great arteries with small left ventricle or left ventricular outflow tract
      obstruction (six patients) pulmonary atresia (seven patients) with intact
      ventricular septum (three) and ventricular septal defect (four), tricuspid
      atresia (four patients), univentricular heart (six patients), atrioventricular
      septal defect (canal) with pulmonary stenosis (three patients), and double-outlet
      right ventricle (one patient). Comparison groups were concurrent and were
      equivalent for age, weight, and complexity of anomaly. Patients were removed from
      the study population at the time of subsequent open heart surgery or at death.
      All patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months and for up to 5 1/2 years
      (BTS 1 1/2 to 5 1/2 years, mean 33 months; MBTS 6 months to 3 years, mean 20
      months). There were no intraoperative deaths in either group. Among the 23 BTSs,
      three failed at 1, 3, and 19 days, resulting in two deaths (17%). One premature
      infant died despite a second shunt, one died during attempted intracardiac repair
      at 13 days of age, and the other was well after revision of the shunt. Eight
      patients underwent subsequent intracardiac repair 1 to 5 years (mean 34 months)
      after the initial procedure. Another four patients died from complex intracardiac
      anomalies with patent shunts. Three patients are alive 2 to 4 years after
      receiving shunts and have not undergone subsequent surgery. Late postoperative
      angiograms demonstrate a disturbing incidence (21%) of stenosis and right
      pulmonary arterial deformity despite satisfactory immediate postoperative studies
      and good clinical function. Eight patients required a second shunt, two for
      anatomic discontinuity of the pulmonary arteries and six because of inadequate
      blood flow through the first shunt. Among the 35 patients receiving the MBTS, two
      required early revision (technical error and ductal tissue at the anastomosis).
      There were no shunt-related deaths, but three (6%) occurred within 30 days of
      operation from left ventricular infarct, cerebral hemorrhage, sepsis, and severe
      aortic stenosis with arrhythmias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4028367
TI  - Improved right ventricular function after intra-atrial repair of transposition of
      the great arteries.
AB  - Current interest in the arterial switch operation for simple transposition of the
      great arteries (TGA) has led us to evaluate our latest patients who have
      undergone intra-atrial repair. Right ventricular function and overall results
      were compared in 32 patients who had undergone the Senning procedure between 1978
      and 1983 and 26 patients who had undergone Mustard repair between 1971 and 1978).
      Deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest were used in all Senning operations and
      in 18 of 26 Mustard procedures. Cardiac catheterization was performed an average
      of 1 year after surgery in all patients. Postoperative right ventricular ejection
      fraction (EF) was below normal (less than 0.49) in 16 of 32 patients who
      underwent the Senning procedure and averaged 0.48 +/- 0.09. In the patients in
      this group with abnormal right ventricular EFs after repair there was a fall in
      the value after surgery (0.51 to 0.40, p less than .001), while in those with
      normal right ventricular EFs after repair there was no change (0.57 to 0.55, NS).
      All 32 patients who underwent the Senning procedure were compared with 26
      patients who underwent the Mustard operation (13 treated between 1971 and 1974
      and 13 treated between 1975 and 1978). An older age at surgery (12 +/- 7 vs 6 +/-
      8 months, p less than .006) and a lower preoperative right ventricular EF (0.46
      +/- 0.09 vs 0.54 +/- 0.08, p less than .007) characterized the Mustard vs the
      Senning group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028368
TI  - Surgical repair of Ebstein's anomaly: selection of patients and early and late
      operative results.
AB  - Between April 1972 and August 1984, 72 patients with Ebstein's malformation
      underwent surgery at a Mayo Clinic-affiliated hospital. In 58 (81%), plastic
      reconstruction of the tricuspid valve in which the anterior leaflet was used as a
      monocusp valve was possible. Eleven patients (15%) required a prosthetic valve
      (Hancock in 10; Starr-Edwards in one), and in three patients who had received a
      previous Glenn anastomosis, conversion to a Fontan type of arrangement was
      carried out. Age at operation ranged from 11 months to 64 years. There were five
      hospital deaths (6.9%) and three late, presumably arrhythmic, deaths. Follow-up
      of the initial 39 surgical survivors at least 2 years after the operation (mean,
      5 years) revealed that 87% were in functional NYHA class I or II, a marked
      improvement over preoperative status. Surgical intervention is now recommended
      for all Ebstein's patients whose symptoms have deteriorated to NYHA class III or
      further. In addition, elective operation is recommended for less symptomatic
      patients in whom the cardiothoracic ratio has reached 0.65 or who are
      significantly cyanotic and polycythemic secondary to right-to-left shunting
      through an associated atrial septal defect.

PMID- 4028369
TI  - Replacement of obstructed right ventricular-pulmonary arterial valved conduits
      with nonvalved conduits in children.
AB  - Six to thirty percent of right ventricular-to-pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) valved
      conduits in children fail within 5 years. Experience with correction of tetralogy
      of Fallot has shown that a competent pulmonary valve is not essential for
      excellent late results in most patients. Between March 1980 and November 1984, 26
      patients who were 12.5 +/- 3.3 years old underwent conduit replacement 6.7 +/-
      2.4 years after definitive repair of congenital heart defects in which a
      xenograft RV-PA valved conduit had been used. A new Dacron tube graft (n = 15) or
      pericardial (n = 8), dura mater (n = 2), or Dacron patch (n = 1) over the
      previous conduit bed was used as replacement. Preoperative mean right ventricular
      systolic pressure was 90.5 +/- 20 mm Hg and mean gradient across the conduit was
      67.9 +/- 24.5 mm Hg. After replacement with a nonvalved conduit, right
      ventricular systolic pressure was reduced to 45.2 +/- 10.8 mm Hg (p less than
      .001), with a gradient of 8.9 +/- 7.6 mm Hg (p less than .001). There were no
      operative deaths. Follow-up at 19.5 +/- 14.9 months (range = 0 to 53) showed that
      all patients were in New York Heart Association class I (n = 21) or class II (n =
      5). In the absence of pulmonary hypertension, hypoplastic pulmonary arteries,
      significant right ventricular dysfunction, or unrepaired tricuspid regurgitation,
      replacement of an obstructed conduit with a nonvalved conduit gives excellent
      early results and may diminish the need for late reoperation.

PMID- 4028370
TI  - Outcome of the Fontan procedure in patients with tricuspid atresia.
AB  - Between 1973 and 1983, 90 patients with tricuspid atresia underwent the Fontan
      operation at the Mayo Clinic. Operative mortality was 12% overall and decreased
      to 7% during the second 5 year period. At postoperative follow-up of 65 patients
      (1 to 10 years, mean 4), 50 (86%) of 58 present survivors were in excellent
      condition. There had been seven late deaths. Catheterization 0.5 to 8 years (mean
      2.7) postoperatively in 25 patients disclosed a mean right atrial pressure of 14
      mm Hg (range 6 to 21) and a mean cardiac index at rest of 3.0 (range 1.8 to 4.2).
      Mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 8.5 mm Hg postoperatively
      compared with 16.5 mm Hg preoperatively; the decrease was secondary to a
      decreased ventricular volume load (mean volume load index 10.2 preoperatively,
      3.0 postoperatively). We recommend that patients with tricuspid atresia have the
      Fontan operation by age 6 years to protect myocardial function.

PMID- 4028371
TI  - Relationship of pulmonary artery size to mortality in patients undergoing the
      Fontan operation.
AB  - The size of the pulmonary arteries, measured intraoperatively, was correlated
      with operative mortality in 90 patients who underwent the Fontan operation. There
      was no significant difference in the cross-sectional area of the right and left
      pulmonary arteries/body surface area (PA index) between survivors and
      nonsurvivors. There was no significant difference in mortality rates between
      patients with a PA index greater than 250 and those with a PA index less than 250
      mm2/m2. Survival was observed with cross-sectional area as low as 188 mm2/m2.

PMID- 4028372
TI  - Right heart assist by intermittent abdominal compression after surgery for
      congenital heart disease.
AB  - Right heart assist after open heart surgery in children can be accomplished by
      inflation of a balloon beneath a tight cloth wrap on the abdomen. This device can
      be inexpensively constructed of ordinary equipment found in the intensive care
      unit. This is a review of the use of intermittent abdominal compression in 14
      children (mean age 19 +/- 15 months, mean weight 8 +/- 4 kg) after operation at
      Henrietta Egleston Hospital. Primary diagnoses were tricuspid atresia physiology
      in five, atrioventricular canal in four, truncus arteriosus in one, tetralogy of
      Fallot in one, ventricular septal defect (VSD) in one, D-transposition of the
      great arteries in one, and aortic-left ventricular tunnel with VSD in one.
      Compression was used for an average of 16.3 +/- 11.4 hr. Displacement of blood
      from the abdominal viscera to the central circulation by balloon inflation led to
      elevation of right atrial pressure by 3.6 +/- 1.8 mm Hg (p less than .001) and
      consequent elevation of mean arterial pressure by 9.8 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than
      .001). Urine output was improved in almost every instance. In 11 surviving
      children, the net fluid intake and output balance in the first 12 hr after
      application of intermittent abdominal compression was -154 +/- 219 ml (p less
      than .05). This simple method of intermittent abdominal compression was effective
      after a variety of operations for treatment of congenital heart disease and was
      especially useful after the Fontan procedure.

PMID- 4028373
TI  - Comprehensive health care and noncardiovascular mortality: an unlikely
      explanation of the findings from the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up
      Program.

PMID- 4028374
TI  - A review of possible roles of the platelet 12-lipoxygenase.

PMID- 4028375
TI  - Adenosine diphosphate as a mediator of platelet aggregation in vivo: an editorial
      view.

PMID- 4028376
TI  - Death and other time-related events after valve replacement.
AB  - A total of 1533 patients received primary aortic and/or mitral valve replacement,
      with or without tricuspid valve surgery or other associated cardiac procedures,
      from January 1, 1975, to July 1, 1979. Actuarial survival at 5 years was 74%. The
      hazard function (instantaneous risk) of death was highest immediately after
      operation. Among the incremental risk factors for premature death from any cause
      were preoperative NYHA class, any valve lesion other than aortic stenosis, aortic
      cross-clamp time, and combined aortic and mitral valve replacement. Ten modes of
      death were identified, each with its unique hazard function and risk factors. The
      commonest mode was cardiac failure. Sudden death was the next commonest, and the
      early phase of its hazard function peaked about 3 weeks after operation. Seventy
      five patients (6.7% of the 1533) had 103 valve reoperations in the follow-up
      period. Actuarial survival after reoperation was less than that after the primary
      operation; whether the reoperation was the first, second, or third was a risk
      factor. Actuarial freedom from prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) was 97% at 1
      year, and that of periprosthetic leakage without evident infection was 98.8%; the
      hazard function for the event PVE had an early phase peaking at about 6 weeks and
      a constant low phase throughout, whereas that of periprosthetic leakage had a
      single early peaking phase. After reoperations, the actuarial freedom from PVE
      and periprosthetic leakage was less than that after the original operation. The
      risk factors for the development of periprosthetic leakage without evident
      infection were similar but not identical to those for PVE. Among patients
      receiving a bioprosthesis, 91% were free of bioprosthetic degeneration 5 years
      after operation. The hazard function was single and continuously rising, and
      young age and female gender were risk factors. Actuarial freedom from acute
      prosthetic thrombosis was 97.9% at 5 years. The single hazard function for this
      event peaked at 10 months. The risk of thrombosis was higher in female patients.
      The uses of this integrated study, and the inferences from it, are described.

PMID- 4028377
TI  - Noninvasively diagnosed peripheral arterial disease as a predictor of mortality:
      results from a prospective study.
AB  - Intermittent claudication has been reported in previous studies to approximately
      double the risk of subsequent mortality. However, a history of claudication is
      often present in the absence of significant peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and
      absent in the presence of PAD. For this reason we evaluated the association
      between large-vessel and small-vessel PAD, measured by highly reliable and valid
      noninvasive tests, and mortality in 567 older subjects from a defined population
      followed-up for an average of 4 years. Large-vessel PAD was strongly and
      significantly predictive of all-cause mortality in both men and women with a
      relative risk of 4 to 5, and this finding was independent of other cardiovascular
      disease risk factors in multivariable analysis. In addition, this finding
      persisted after exclusion of subjects with extant cardiovascular disease at
      baseline. The associations of both claudication and abnormal peripheral pulses
      with mortality were weaker than the large-vessel PAD association. Isolated small
      vessel PAD was unrelated to subsequent mortality. These findings suggest older
      subjects of both sexes at a high risk of impending mortality can be identified
      through noninvasive testing for large-vessel PAD.

PMID- 4028379
TI  - Subendocardial infarction in retrospect: pathologic, cardiographic, and ancillary
      features.
AB  - Fifty-three patients with subendocardial infarction (SEMI) were studied at
      autopsy; all were elderly and the group was equally divided by sex. About half
      had more than one SEMI; the recurrences or extensions often involved superjacent,
      but not infrequently adjacent, areas. Six showed fibrinous pericarditis. This
      larger study showed more widespread and severe coronary narrowing than an earlier
      report. Six patients had thrombi in the right coronary artery. Six showed
      electrocardiographic evidence of concomitant anteroseptal and inferior (Roesler
      Dressler) infarction, and 12 had intraventricular block generally preceding
      higher-grade block or arrhythmias. At some time during their terminal
      hospitalization, 27 patients, or half, developed distinctive protracted RS-T
      depression or T wave inversion. Twenty-four of the SEMIs were diagnosed on
      accepted criteria as transmural infarct; that diagnosis was sustained in only
      four. Thus neither the presence of changes in RS-T segment or T wave nor the
      absence of QRS changes are mandatory for the diagnosis of SEMI; this invalidates
      the common assumption that the diagnosis is not justified unless these conditions
      are met.

PMID- 4028378
TI  - Prognostic significance and natural history of left ventricular thrombi in
      patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction: a two-dimensional
      echocardiographic study.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients with transmural anterior myocardial infarction were
      prospectively studied with serial two-dimensional echocardiography to determine
      the clinical implications and prognostic significance of detection of left
      ventricular thrombus during acute myocardial infarction, the incidence of
      systemic embolization, and the possible occurrence of spontaneous regression of
      left ventricular thrombi. Patients were not treated with anticoagulants or
      platelet inhibitors during the acute phase of infarction or during follow-up. Two
      dimensional echocardiograms were obtained within 24 hr of myocardial infarction,
      every 24 hr until day 5, every 48 hr until day 15, and every month for a follow
      up of 2 to 11 months (mean 7), in the surviving patients; a total of 774
      echocardiograms were obtained. Left ventricular thrombi were identified in 24
      (41%) of the 58 study patients, and developed within 48 hr of infarction in 11 of
      these patients. Ten (91%) of the 11 patients with early thrombus formation died
      during hospitalization or during follow-up, while only two (15%) of the 13 who
      developed a thrombus after 48 hr of infarction died (p less than .005). Incidence
      of Killip class III or IV, total lactic dehydrogenase values, and extent of wall
      motion abnormalities were significantly higher in patients who developed a
      thrombus within 48 hr of infarction than in patients without thrombus. On the
      other hand, in patients who developed a thrombus after 48 hr of infarction, these
      parameters were not significantly different from those in patients who did not
      develop a thrombus. Spontaneous regression of thrombi was documented in three
      (20%) of the 15 patients who survived the acute phase of myocardial
      infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028380
TI  - Detection of local abnormalities in ventricular activation sequence by body
      surface isochrone mapping in patients with previous myocardial infarction.
AB  - Body surface isochrone mapping was performed in 36 normal subjects and in 85
      patients with previous myocardial infarction. Eighty-seven unipolar
      electrocardiograms distributed over the anterior chest and the back were recorded
      simultaneously. For each lead, activation time was measured as the time from the
      onset of QRS to the peak of the R wave. The lead points where R waves were not
      observed were designated the "no R wave area" (NR area). Isochrone maps of normal
      subjects had a consistent pattern, with isochrone lines extending from the right
      upper anterior chest to the left anterior chest and then to the back. NR area was
      small and was located only on the right upper chest or the upper back. On the
      isochrone maps of patients with myocardial infarction, abnormal findings were
      observed; NR area was found in 26 of 28 patients with anterior infarction on the
      upper to middle anterior chest, in 13 of 22 patients with inferior infarction on
      the lower chest, and in 24 of 25 patients with anterior and inferior infarction
      on the upper to lower anterior chest. Activation time was delayed near the NR
      area (peri-NR area delay) in 37 patients. In patients with apical infarction, an
      islandlike zone of delayed activation was typically found on the left precordium.
      These abnormal patterns are considered to indicate local abnormalities in the
      activation of infarcted myocardium; the NR area indicates dead unexcitable scar,
      and the peri-NR area delay and islandlike zone of delayed activation indicate
      partially infarcted myocardium of slow activation. Patients with NR area had
      greater degree of left ventricular asynergy and lower ejection fraction than
      those without.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028381
TI  - Senning repair for transposition of the great arteries in the first week of life.
AB  - Infants with D-loop transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) may have
      unacceptable results after the balloon septostomy while awaiting surgery. It has
      been our policy to repair defects in infants with D-TGA and intact ventricular
      septum or small ventricular septal defect at the time of diagnosis. We report our
      experience with the Senning operation in 18 newborns less than 1 week of age. The
      mean age at operation was 3 days (range 12 hr to 7 days) and the mean weight was
      3.5 kg (range 2.8 to 4.8). There were two early postoperative deaths (11%) and
      one late death (5%). Early mortality was associated with preoperative acidosis
      and congestive heart failure. Late mortality was associated with severe left
      ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). The 15 long-term survivors have
      been followed for an average of 27 months and 11 of the 16 perioperative
      survivors have undergone postoperative catheterizations. There was no evidence of
      systemic or pulmonary venous obstruction. One patient developed LVOTO that led to
      his death. Two patients had residual atrial shunts. Electrocardiograms revealed
      no major arrhythmias. All patients are clinically asymptomatic. Good hemodynamic,
      electrocardiographic, and clinical results can be obtained with correction of D
      TGA in the first week of life.

PMID- 4028382
TI  - Exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy in dogs: effects of long-term coronary
      occlusion and collateral development on early and late scintigraphic images.
AB  - To examine the effects of coronary collateral development on thallium-201 (201Tl)
      distribution the left circumflex coronary artery was ligated in eight dogs. Three
      days later these animals ran on a treadmill, and 201-thallous chloride was
      injected into the right atrium at peak exercise. Scintigraphic scanning was begun
      within 10 min and continued for 3 hr. Scanning was repeated weekly for 6 weeks.
      In the last week radioactive microspheres were injected into the left atrium at
      peak exercise to measure regional myocardial blood flow. The scintigraphically
      determined disparity between perfusion of the ischemic and normal myocardium was
      most marked at 3 days after ligation. This difference gradually lessened over the
      first 4 weeks until there was no difference in 201Tl distribution to normally
      perfused myocardium and tissue distal to the ligation. Concomitant with the
      improvement in the scintigrams, exercise hemodynamics also improved over this 4
      week period with significant increases in cardiac output and decreases in left
      atrial pressure. Serial coronary angiographic studies in two animals demonstrated
      the appearance of collaterals in the initial weeks after coronary occlusion, and
      by 4 weeks the left circumflex artery distal to the obstruction was completely
      opacified by collateral flow. The ratio of directly measured exercise blood flow
      to the left circumflex and normally perfused tissues was 0.89 +/- 0.08 at 6 weeks
      after ligation. Scintigraphic 201Tl redistribution after 3 hr also changed over
      the weeks after ligation. Three days after ligation washout from the ischemic
      area was significantly slower than that from the normal myocardium. By 6 weeks
      loss of 201Tl from the two regions occurred at nearly equal rates. Thus
      myocardial perfusion and function during exercise after coronary occlusion are
      dynamic events that change with time. It is likely that coronary collateral
      development is responsible for these phenomena. Therefore coronary collaterals do
      have salutary effects in the dog.

PMID- 4028383
TI  - Frequency-dependent effects of amitriptyline on ventricular conduction and
      cardiac rhythm in dogs.
AB  - Although overdoses of tricyclic antidepressant are known to produce both sinus
      tachycardia and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in man, these have been assumed to
      occur by independent mechanisms. This study was designed to evaluate the
      relationship of ventricular activation frequency to the cardiotoxic effects of
      amitriptyline. When amitriptyline was infused into dogs with formalin-induced
      atrioventricular (AV) block to evaluate a broad range of pacing frequencies, the
      drug produced dose-related QRS prolongation that was markedly frequency
      dependent. Similar frequency-dependent depression of the maximum rate of
      depolarization (Vmax) was noted for canine Purkinje fibers superfused with
      amitriptyline in vitro. The time constant of recovery from amitriptyline-induced
      block was dose independent and averaged 228 msec in vivo and 216 msec in vitro.
      When amitriptyline was infused into dogs with intact AV conduction, sinus
      tachycardia occurred within 15 min, followed by progressive QRS prolongation and
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias after an average 29 min. Slowing of sinus rate by
      vagal stimulation (seven dogs) or intravenous metoprolol (five dogs) reproducibly
      reversed the QRS prolongation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias caused by
      amitriptyline. These studies show that amitriptyline produces frequency-related
      depression of ventricular conduction in vivo, with a time dependence similar to
      effects on the maximum rate of depolarization in vitro. Interventions that slow
      heart rate reverse the adverse effects of amitriptyline on ventricular conduction
      and cardiac rhythm.

PMID- 4028384
TI  - Enhancement of recovery of myocardial function by oxygen free-radical scavengers
      after reversible regional ischemia.
AB  - Reperfusion after reversible regional ischemia has been shown to result in
      delayed recovery of myocardial function, but the mechanism responsible for this
      phenomenon remains unknown. We explored the potential role of oxygen-free
      radicals as mediators of postischemic dysfunction in open-chest dogs undergoing a
      15 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed
      by 2 hr of reperfusion. Treated animals (n = 19) received an infusion of the
      oxygen free-radical scavengers superoxide dismutase (SOD; 15,000 U/kg) and
      catalase (CAT; 55,000 U/kg) for 1 hr starting 15 min before LAD occlusion, while
      control animals (n = 20) received an equal volume of saline. SOD and CAT produced
      no discernible effect on heart rate, aortic pressure, or left atrial pressure.
      Collateral flow to the ischemic zone (radioactive microspheres) was 0.07 +/- 0.01
      ml/min/g in both groups. The size of the occluded bed as determined by postmortem
      perfusion was 26.1 +/- 1.2% of the left ventricle in the control group and 26.5
      +/- 0.9% in the treated group. Systolic wall thickening (an index of regional
      function) was assessed with an epicardial pulsed-Doppler probe. The two groups
      exhibited comparable systolic thickening under baseline conditions and similar
      degrees of dyskinesia during ischemia. Nevertheless, recovery of function
      (expressed as percent of baseline) was considerably greater in the treated dogs,
      both at 1 hr (43.8 +/- 14.3 vs 12.8 +/- 11.6) and 2 hr of reperfusion (74.2 +/-
      8.4 vs 31.6 +/- 9.8, p less than .005). This improved recovery of function
      obtained with SOD and CAT suggests that oxygen-free radicals play an important
      role in the genesis of myocardial dysfunction after a brief episode of regional
      ischemia.

PMID- 4028385
TI  - Effect of serial brief ischemic episodes on extracellular K+, pH, and activation
      in the pig.
AB  - This study was performed to determine the reproducibility of the ionic and
      electrical changes associated with serial ischemic episodes. We used ion
      selective and bipolar plunge electrodes to determine the changes in left
      ventricular extracellular potassium ([K+]e), extracellular pH (pHe), and local
      activation during sequential 10 min occlusions of the left anterior descending
      coronary artery separated by 50 min of reperfusion in open-chest anesthetized
      pigs. We found that uniformly during the initial occlusion, and in approximately
      50% of animals during the second occlusion, [K+]e rose more rapidly but to a
      lower level than in subsequent occlusions. By the third occlusion the changes in
      [K+]e were reproducible. Extracellular acidosis was greatest in the first
      occlusion and decreased progressively with each subsequent occlusion. Local
      activation was characterized by a decrease in spontaneous improvement and
      increase in block with each successive occlusion. The occurrence of ventricular
      fibrillation could not be directly attributed to the magnitude of the change in
      [K+]e or pHe. Moreover, the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation in one
      occlusion did not necessarily predict its occurrence thereafter. Our results
      indicate that serial episodes of ischemia are associated with different but
      predictable changes in ionic and electrical events that may be clinically
      relevant and that must be appreciated before the results from similar protocols
      with serial ischemic episodes can be interpreted meaningfully.

PMID- 4028386
TI  - Autonomic control of ventricular tachycardia: sympathetic neural influence on
      spontaneous tachycardia 24 hours after coronary occlusion.
AB  - This study was performed to determine whether sympathetic nerves influence the
      rate of ventricular tachycardia occurring spontaneously in dogs 24 hr after
      occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery. Seventeen chloralose
      anesthetized dogs underwent activation mapping during spontaneous ventricular
      tachycardia with QRS morphologies similar to those recorded in the conscious
      state. Bilateral stellate ganglionectomy (n = 8) decreased mean arterial pressure
      from 71 +/- 4 (mean +/- SE) to 52 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than .001) and heart rate
      from 121 +/- 9 to 79 +/- 15 beats/min (p less than .025) by decreasing the number
      of complexes of ventricular tachycardia from 120 +/- 9 to 49 +/- 15 per minute (p
      less than .001). Subsequent unilateral sympathetic nerve stimulation (n = 4) was
      shown to accelerate ventricular tachycardia foci originating from the ipsilateral
      aspect of the infarction. Regional sympathetic denervation (n = 7) was performed
      by application of phenol to the epicardium surrounding an electrode at the site
      of origin of at least one morphology of ventricular tachycardia. Mean arterial
      pressure did not change, but total heart rate decreased from 122 +/- 9 to 106 +/-
      9 beats/min (p less than .01) and the number of complexes of ventricular
      tachycardia with a morphology arising from the phenol-treated area fell from 68
      +/- 12 to 28 +/- 9 (p less than .001). Evidence for regional denervation was
      documented by prolongation of duration of electrograms and local repolarization
      times limited to the phenol-treated area. We conclude that sympathetic nerves
      directly control rate of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia 24 hr after
      myocardial infarction in the dog.

PMID- 4028387
TI  - Insect sting anaphylaxis in patients without detectable serum venom-specific IgE.
AB  - Following insect sting anaphylaxis, twenty-five patients of over 500 evaluated,
      did not have detectable serum venom-specific IgE. Twenty-two were evaluated
      within 1 year of the reaction, fifteen within 6 months. Anaphylaxis occurred in
      six patients after their first sting exposure. The clinical features of the sting
      reaction were typical of the reaction occurring in insect-allergic patients with
      serum venom-specific IgE. Eleven of the twenty-five patients had negative venom
      skin tests. These observations suggest that a non-IgE mechanism may be
      responsible for a minority of insect sting reactions.

PMID- 4028388
TI  - Specific IgE to food and inhalant allergens in intestinal washings of children
      affected by atopic eczema.
AB  - Serum and rectal total and specific IgE were measured in eleven children with
      atopic dermatitis and eight with atopic dermatitis and associated wheezing.
      Specific IgE to food and inhalant allergens in rectal washings were found in
      fourteen patients. Of the seventy-six allergens which gave positive results,
      twenty were positive in both serum and intestine, thirty in serum alone and
      twenty-six in intestines alone. Specific intestinal IgE were confirmed by food
      challenge in three out of four patients whose skin-prick test and serum RAST were
      both negative. Local production of these antibodies was demonstrated by the
      'double ratio' of Deuschl and Johansson, and the 'specific activity ratio' of
      Platts-Mills. Positive ratios (greater than 1) were obtained with both formulas
      for twelve of fourteen allergens tested. These data suggest that gut-associated
      lymphoid tissue may play a role in the pathogenesis of atopic disease.

PMID- 4028389
TI  - Analysis of tobacco leaf allergens by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - The reactivity of eleven 'tobacco smoke sensitive' and eight 'non-sensitive'
      individuals to tobacco leaf allergens was tested by Crossed
      Radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). All nineteen study subjects had IgE antibodies
      to tobacco leaf antigens as measured by Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST) and
      seventeen of the nineteen individuals were atopic. Of the thirty-seven tobacco
      leaf precipitins detected by Cross Immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), three were
      identified as allergens by CRIE. All nineteen subjects reacted to at least one of
      the three allergens detected. However, neither the intensity nor the incidence of
      reactivity with any of the three allergens correlated with smoking or 'smoke
      sensitivity'.

PMID- 4028390
TI  - Asthma and the month of birth.

PMID- 4028391
TI  - A highly sensitive immunoassay system involving antibody-coated tubes and
      liposome-entrapped dye.
AB  - In this colorimetric immunoassay for digoxin, large, unilamellar phospholipid
      vesicles approximately 0.2 micron in diameter are loaded with high concentrations
      of Sulforhodamine B. Digoxigenin coupled to phosphatidylethanolamine,
      incorporated into the lipid formulation, confers immunological specificity. The
      liposomes are then used as tracers in simple competitive-binding immunoassays
      with antibody-coated tubes. Results are amplified by 10(3) to 10(4) of what could
      be achieved with one label group attached to each hapten, so that the results can
      be read spectrophotometrically. The stability of the liposomes is excellent. The
      method should be applicable to measuring a wide variety of analytes.

PMID- 4028392
TI  - ImmunoConcentration--a new format for solid-phase immunoassays.
AB  - A new format for solid-phase immunoassays has been developed in which a
      monoclonal antibody-coated membrane, incorporated into a cylindrical, disposable
      device, regulates sample and reagent delivery. We illustrate the method with a
      two-site, immunoenzymometric assay that can detect human choriogonadotropin at
      less than 50 int. units/L (4 micrograms/L) in urine and less than 25 int. units/L
      (2 micrograms/L) in serum and takes less than 5 min to perform. The solid-phase
      antibody is located in a circular area in the center of the membrane so that in
      the presence of the hormone, after addition of substrate, a blue enzyme product
      is generated in this circular area. The high ratio of surface area to volume
      within the microporous matrix of the membrane assures short diffusion distances
      and therefore rapid binding of liquid-phase reagents to the solid phase. Pseudo
      first-order reaction kinetics describe the binding of antigen to immobilized
      antibody and the binding of enzyme-labeled antibody to immobilized antigen. The
      speed and simplicity of this format may facilitate testing for many analytes,
      both soluble and particulate, as well as serological testing.

PMID- 4028393
TI  - Capsule chemistry technology for high-speed clinical chemistry analyses.
AB  - We describe a new analytical approach--"capsule chemistry"--for high-speed,
      selective analysis of a wide variety of analytes. Sequential micro-aliquots of
      sample and reagents are encapsulated within an inert fluorocarbon liquid. The
      resulting "test capsule" is introduced into a single analytical flow path,
      composed of a solid fluorocarbon, Teflon, where the sample is incubated, mixed,
      reacted, and measured as a moving series of individual tests. These randomly
      selective assays are processed at a rate of 720 per hour. The unique physical
      interaction between the liquid and solid fluorocarbon carrier materials
      effectively prevents detectable "carryover" of aqueous constituents between the
      successive test capsules. Reactions are monitored through the walls of the Teflon
      analytical channel at nine in-line detector stations for colorimetric and
      nephelometric measurements.

PMID- 4028394
TI  - Two-dimensional centrifugation for desk-top clinical chemistry.
AB  - We have developed a new system for clinical chemistry analysis, the Vision
      System, in which centrifugal force is used to separate whole blood, measure
      reagent and plasma volumes, and complete all steps required for a
      spectrophotometric analysis. The system is based on use of a multichambered
      plastic test pack containing liquid reagents, which can be centrifuged at 500 X g
      in two planes, oriented at right angles to each other. Alternating centrifugal
      fields allows liquid reagents and plasma to flow into highly precise measuring
      and mixing chambers. A unique flash lamp and diode array spectrometer provide for
      optical measurements of 10 test packs at as many as eight wavelengths
      simultaneously. The temperature of each individual test pack is controlled by
      using a flash lamp coupled to a liquid crystal temperature sensor. Microprocessor
      control allows as many as 10 different chemistry reactions to be measured
      simultaneously on whole-blood, plasma, or serum samples. Comparison with results
      by an established batch-photometric analyzer demonstrated excellent precision and
      accuracy for various clinical chemistry tests.

PMID- 4028395
TI  - Colorimetric determination of potassium in whole blood, serum, and plasma.
AB  - This spectrophotometric method for the direct determination of potassium in serum
      or plasma is based on the selective complexing of potassium by a specific
      macrocyclic polyether, with the subsequent formation of an ion-pair with a
      colored anion. The colored anion is extracted into an organic solvent, clarified
      by centrifugation, and then measured at 415 nm. The absorbance of the chromogen
      varies linearly with [K+] to at least 15 mmol/L. Results of this colorimetric
      method (y) correlate well with the results obtained by a flame-photometric method
      (y = 1.04x - 0.22, r = 0.97, n = 81), with CVs ranging from 2 to 4%. We observed
      no interferences from lipemia, added bilirubin, or various electrolytes. We also
      evaluated the use of this reagent in a new automated blood analyzer developed by
      Abbott, a two-dimensional centrifugal system (Clin Chem 31:1457-1463, 1985).
      Potassium determined with this system (y) correlated well with results by flame
      photometry: y = 1.02x + 0.02 (r = 0.94, n = 168). With this system one can use
      whole-blood specimens in measuring potassium.

PMID- 4028396
TI  - A quantitative automated immunoassay for fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products.
AB  - We describe a prototype quantitative automated assay for fibrin and fibrinogen
      degradation products, a particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay
      (PETINIA) in the Du Pont aca discrete clinical analyzer. This assay involves a
      latex particle reagent with covalently bound fibrinogen and a polyclonal
      antiserum raised in rabbits against human fibrinogen. A special secondary sample
      collection tube quantitatively removes fibrinogen from citrated plasma and
      inhibits further fibrinolysis, independent of heparin concentration. The assay
      range is 0-100 mg/L, in fibrinogen equivalents. The CV for the assay is less than
      10% when performed with the aca. Nonclottable fibrin and fibrinogen fragments are
      measured by the assay, the greatest sensitivity being directed at the E domain of
      the fibrinogen molecule. We illustrate with case studies the potential of this
      assay for providing clinical information not obtainable with currently available
      qualitative and semi-quantitative assays.

PMID- 4028397
TI  - A nephelometry system for the Abbott TDx analyzer.
AB  - A self-contained light-scattering accessory carousel has been developed for the
      Abbott TDx fluorescence polarization analyzer, extending the instrument's
      capabilities to nephelometric methods of analysis, including assays for specific
      proteins by immunoprecipitation: IgG, IgA, IgM, and transferrin. The scattered
      light from a green-light-emitting diode (peak wavelength 565 nm) is measured at
      an angle of 37.5 degrees by the existing optical detection system of the TDx
      analyzer without modification of the instrument. Measurements are made at quasi
      equilibrium, with sample blank correction. No sample pretreatment is required,
      and antigen-excess is checked automatically. CVs range from 3 to 6% (within-run)
      and 7 to 9%. (total). Calibration curves may be stored for at least two weeks. A
      nephelometric method for monitoring chromogenic reactions in the green wavelength
      region is also described. This method--Scattered Energy Attenuation (SEA)--has
      been used in preliminary experiments to measure calcium, total protein, iron, and
      bilirubin.

PMID- 4028399
TI  - Simultaneous determination of total IgE and allergen-specific IgE in serum by the
      MAST chemiluminescent assay system.
AB  - We have developed a chemiluminescent immunoenzymometric system. The first
      commercial application of this chemiluminescent assay (CLA) is the measurement of
      total IgE and allergen-specific IgE in human serum. The CLA system is a second
      generation adaptation of the MAST RIA allergy profiling system. The MAST CLA
      system assay protocol consists of three steps: overnight incubation of serum, a 4
      h incubation with enzyme-labeled antibody, and a 30-min chemiluminescent
      reaction, which produces a visible image (immunograph) on high-speed Polaroid
      instant film. The densities of the bands produced on the film are quantified with
      an inexpensive microprocessor-controlled infrared transmittance densitometer. The
      novel luminogenic substrates used yield a constant light output for over 2 h with
      an intensity at least 10-fold greater than that of commercial chemiluminescent
      reagents. The MAST CLA system exhibits sensitivity, specificity, and precision
      equal to that of the MAST RIA system (r = 0.96 for 40 serum samples analyzed with
      25 allergens). As many as 35 different allergens per sample can be quantified in
      a single assay. The MAST CLA system requires no standard curve or volume
      dependent pipetting steps, incorporates both positive and negative controls for
      each sample, and quantifies allergen-specific IgE at picomolar concentrations.

PMID- 4028398
TI  - "The Yellow IRIS" urinalysis workstation--the first commercial application of
      "automated intelligent microscopy".
AB  - Since 1982, "automated intelligence microscopy" (AIM) has been refined and
      adapted to perform the portion of the urinalysis profile traditionally done by a
      microscope. AIM and analytical subsystems measuring relative density and
      performing dipstick chemistry compose the main elements of "The Yellow IRIS"
      urinalysis workstation, an attended system for automation and standardization of
      routine urinalysis. Performance data gathered at three laboratory test sites show
      AIM to be analytically consistent over the required range of particulate
      enumeration, and show that it detects 20% more abnormalities than by conventional
      microscopy, and with greater precision (CVs 5 to 20%). Complete urinalysis,
      including the microscopic examination, requires little more than 1 min for normal
      specimens, 3 min for most abnormal specimens. Actual throughput rate varies with
      the particulate composition of specimens; typically, it averages greater than 30
      specimens per hour, a 300% improvement in urinalysis productivity by CAP
      standards and an almost 500% improvement when typical emergency-use demands are
      taken into account.

PMID- 4028400
TI  - Liquid-phase reactions started by rehydrating lyophilized reagents in a
      centrifugal analyzer.
AB  - In the disposable rotor of the SAM microcentrifugal analyzer, various lyophilized
      reagents are predistributed in 24 33-microL cuvets, for determination of multiple
      analytes in one specimen (e.g., for patient profiles). We evaluated a prototype
      of this system, which can be used at 25, 30, or 37 degrees C; absorbance readings
      at 340, 405, and 500 nm varied linearly up to 2.0 A. Starting the reactions by
      rehydrating the reagents with diluted serum is adequate because absorbance
      readings do not begin until 180 s after initiating the rehydration. Analytical
      performances of kinetic determinations at 30 degrees C showed good accuracy and
      correlation with other methods for creatine kinase, amylase, aspartate
      aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Kinetic determinations for urea,
      and equilibrium determinations with blank corrections for glucose, cholesterol,
      and triglycerides gave excellent results for glucose and correct results for the
      other analytes. This compact analyzer combines the analytical performances of a
      centrifugal analyzer with the practicability of instruments having predistributed
      reagents.

PMID- 4028401
TI  - Use of chromatofocusing to detect a transferrin variant in serum of alcoholic
      subjects.
AB  - We describe a technique for detecting an abnormal (pl 5.7) transferrin component
      in serum, which appears after prolonged heavy consumption of alcohol. Serum
      transferrin was purified by chromatography on DEAE-Affi-Gel Blue and analyzed by
      chromatofocusing on an ion-exchange column (Mono P). The abnormal transferrin
      component was detected in 17 of 20 patients (85%) with a history or prolonged
      consumption of alcohol (100 g per day), and in control subjects who ingested up
      to 80 g of alcohol per day for seven days, but not in 14 normal control subjects
      or 14 patients with liver disease unrelated to alcohol. The variant consistently
      disappeared from the serum within three weeks of cessation of alcohol
      consumption. It is apparently produced by desialylation of ordinary human
      transferrin. We find that chromatofocusing on an ion-exchange column is a
      sensitive and reliable technique for its identification and conclude that
      detection of this desialylated transferrin indicates recent prolonged alcohol
      ingestion.

PMID- 4028402
TI  - Use of protein-based standards in automated colorimetric determinations of
      fructosamine in serum.
AB  - We have developed an automated colorimetric assay for glycated serum proteins (or
      fructosamines), measuring the reducing activity of serum in alkaline solution (pH
      10.35) at 37 degrees C. The calibrants were prepared from a synthetic
      fructosamine (1-deoxy-1-morpholinofructose), although secondary standards of
      glycated bovine albumin were more robust in routine application. Interference was
      appreciable only with icteric specimens (bilirubin greater than 60 mumol/L), and
      between-batch imprecision (CV) was less than 2%. The range of fructosamine
      concentrations measured in 502 healthy (nondiabetic) blood donors was 1.87-2.87
      mmol/L. There were no significant (p greater than 0.05) age- or sex-related
      differences in this population sample. Fructosamine accurately reflected blood
      glucose control as evidenced by the significant correlation with glucose
      concentrations in fasting plasma (r = 0.82, p less than 0.001) and with glycated
      hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = 0.87, p less than 0.01) in 115 patients with type 2 (non
      insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The test is simple and rapid to perform (75
      samples per hour) and provides an alternative to HbA1c determinations for
      monitoring blood glucose control and assessing the effects of changes in diabetes
      management.

PMID- 4028403
TI  - Determinations of immunoglobulins G, A, and M in the Technicon RA-1000.
AB  - We evaluated the Technicon RA-1000 "Random Access" analyzer for the measurements
      of immunoglobulins G, A, and M in serum by turbidimetry. For various
      concentrations of serum pools the total CV ranged from 3.0 to 4.5% for IgG, from
      3.1 to 3.2% for IgA, and from 4.8 to 5.4% for IgM. The linearity of the standard
      curves was good in the clinically useful ranges. Results for patients' samples
      correlated well with those determined with the Beckman Auto ICS (rate
      nephelometric method). Normal reference intervals (based on data for 200 healthy
      blood donors) are 7.67 to 16.87 g/L for IgG, 0.87 to 3.89 g/L for IgA, and 0.61
      to 2.70 g/L for IgM. The RA-1000 requires only 8 microL for all three tests and
      can analyze 25 specimens for all three proteins in 37 min. Compared with other
      methods for immunoglobulin assays, the RA-1000 has higher throughput and offers
      significant savings in labor and reagent costs.

PMID- 4028406
TI  - Enzymatic correction of interference in the kinetic Jaffe reaction for
      determining creatinine in plasma.
AB  - We evaluated a simple, specific method for measuring plasma creatinine
      concentration, involving enzymatic degradation of creatinine before analysis by a
      kinetic Jaffe reaction. The enzymes--prepared in a dry, stable form--are
      convenient to use and eliminate the need to correct for sample dilution. As
      little as 50 microL of plasma is required, making the procedure ideal for use
      with samples from children. Between-day precision studies for determination of
      plasma creatinine at concentrations of 70 and 470 mumol/L yielded CVs of 7.8 and
      4.3%, respectively. Analytical recovery of creatinine added to plasma samples
      ranged from 94 to 113%. Linear regression analysis demonstrated excellent
      agreement between results by this method and those by a "high performance" liquid
      chromatographic technique.

PMID- 4028404
TI  - Bedside micro-method for measuring effective hepatic blood flow, with use of
      first-order galactose clearance pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Data from first-order galactose clearance were used to estimate "effective"
      hepatic blood flow in normal subjects and in patients with hepatic diseases.
      Galactose clearance was determined by infusing galactose intravenously at a
      constant rate and measuring its resulting steady-state concentration in blood.
      The infusion rate must not exceed the maximum rate of galactose clearance by the
      liver, the "galactose elimination capacity." With this constraint and within the
      physiological and pathophysiological limits of hepatic blood flow, a constant
      infusion at 50 mg/min results in steady-state concentrations ranging from 20 to
      200 mg/L. To measure galactose within this range, we modified a YSI Model 23A
      glucose analyzer and, using an immobilized galactose oxidase (EC
      1.1.3.9)/hydrogen peroxide electrode system, accurately measured galactose in
      water and blood. The galactose metabolic clearance rate was calculated for six
      normal rats and for a normal and a cirrhotic human subject. The speed of the
      analysis (40 s), the small sample required (25 microL), and the suitability of
      fresh whole blood as the sample make the method ideal for measuring hepatic blood
      flow in small laboratory animals as well as for determining at bedside the
      effective hepatic blood flow in humans.

PMID- 4028405
TI  - Inaccurate values for direct bilirubin with some commonly used direct bilirubin
      procedures.
AB  - We compared five methods for the determination of total and direct bilirubins in
      serum samples from normal controls, subjects with Gilbert's syndrome, and serum
      pools containing about 50 and 150 mg of total bilirubin per liter. The Kodak
      Ektachem method and a diazotized sulfanilic acid method with 0.15 mmol/L sodium
      nitrite concentrations are the only methods that gave accurate direct bilirubin
      values, as judged by liquid-chromatographic results. The aca method that involved
      p-nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate and another diazotized sulfanilic acid
      method with a higher concentration of sodium nitrite (0.8 mmol/L) yielded falsely
      high values for direct bilirubin, which could lead to clinical confusion. The
      more recently introduced diazotized sulfanilic acid method of the aca gave
      substantially better results than the p-nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate
      method but was still inaccurate. Systematic investigation of these procedures
      revealed that the overestimation of direct bilirubin by the diazotized sulfanilic
      acid method was related to the amount of unconjugated bilirubin present and its
      ability to react as direct bilirubin in the presence of higher concentrations of
      sodium nitrite. Inherent properties of p-nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate
      appeared to be responsible for inaccuracies in that method, which could not be
      corrected by varying reagent concentration or the reaction conditions.

PMID- 4028407
TI  - Hemoglobin interference from in vivo hemolysis.
AB  - Laboratory values for specimens from a case of intravascular hemolysis showed
      that hemoglobin was significantly increased and thus could interfere with the
      determination of other analytes. We studied this problem by adding increasing
      amounts of purified hemoglobin (to a maximum concentration of 19.3 mg/L) to
      aliquots of pooled serum samples. The hemoglobin significantly interfered with
      the determination of only five analytes: albumin, aspartate aminotransferase,
      direct bilirubin, and total protein on the SMAC, and creatinine on the Astra. We
      propose that for cases of proven intravascular hemolysis, values for only the
      analytes not affected by hemoglobin should be reported. We find lactate
      dehydrogenase activity useful in assessing the components of in vivo hemolysis;
      the differences between serum and plasma values for potassium, lactate
      dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin are related to in vitro hemolysis. Criteria for
      specimen collection and assessment of type of hemolysis are proposed.

PMID- 4028408
TI  - Mg2+ determined with a commercial kit and the Technicon RA 1000 analyzer.

PMID- 4028409
TI  - Severe depression of serum cholinesterase activity associated with two cases of
      hepatic encephalopathy.

PMID- 4028410
TI  - More efficient cyclosporin A assay.

PMID- 4028411
TI  - Relationship between arterial oxygen tension and serum aminotransferases in
      morbidly obese patients with fatty liver.

PMID- 4028412
TI  - Old and new aca methods for creatine kinase isoenzyme MB compared.

PMID- 4028413
TI  - Precise determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine in platelets and platelet-poor
      plasma.

PMID- 4028414
TI  - Inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid in oxalate assays involving oxalate
      decarboxylase.

PMID- 4028415
TI  - Positive interference with immunoassay of theophylline in serum of uremics.

PMID- 4028416
TI  - An automated method for measuring plasma citrate without protein precipitation.

PMID- 4028417
TI  - Stabilization of the reaction mixture used in urinary citrate estimations.

PMID- 4028418
TI  - Hepatotoxicity of prolonged methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4028419
TI  - Masked presentation of giant-cell arteritis.

PMID- 4028420
TI  - Streptobacillary fever. An unusual cause of infectious arthritis.

PMID- 4028421
TI  - Pregnancy and progressive systemic sclerosis. Case report and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 4028422
TI  - AIDS: current achievement, future problems.

PMID- 4028423
TI  - Evoked visual potentials.

PMID- 4028424
TI  - Visual potentials evoked by light-emitting diodes mounted in goggles.

PMID- 4028425
TI  - Contrast two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of adult congenital
      heart disease.

PMID- 4028426
TI  - The Cleveland Clinic Alcohol Rehabilitation Program: a treatment outcome study. A
      preliminary report.

PMID- 4028427
TI  - Chronic active hepatitis induced by nitrofurantoin.

PMID- 4028428
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectal stump in a patient with ulcerative colitis.
      Report of a case and review of the literature.

PMID- 4028429
TI  - Osteomalacia associated with aluminum intoxication in a patient with chronic
      renal failure.

PMID- 4028430
TI  - Measurement of free choline concentrations in maternal and neonatal blood by
      micropyrolysis gas chromatography.
AB  - The development of a micropyrolysis gas chromatographic technique for the
      determination of free choline in plasma and erythrocytes is reported as a means
      to clinically assess choline status. A micropyrolyzer syringe unit was fabricated
      and the method was standardized through repeated trials with a single plasma
      specimen. The interassay coefficient of variance was 1.3% for the standardized
      trials on plasma and erythrocytes. Choline status was assessed in control women,
      mothers and premature infants at birth and up to 14 days of life. At birth,
      plasma choline levels in the infants (32.2 +/- 5.5 mumol/l) were significantly
      higher than those in the mothers (12.9 +/- 2.6 mumol/l) and the control women
      (16.9 +/- 1.6 mumol/l). The infant's plasma choline concentrations had decreased
      significantly by 7 days of life and remained at the lower level at day 14,
      independent of the nutritional intervention administered.

PMID- 4028431
TI  - Fluorometric measurement of glycosylated albumin in human serum.
AB  - A simple and rapid fluorometric assay of glycosylated albumin was developed using
      dansylated phenyl boronic acid (N-(5-dimethyl amino-1-naphthalene sulfonyl)-3
      aminobenzene boronic acid). The emission spectrum of the reagent changes upon
      binding to cis-diols present on glycosylated albumin in serum, allowing
      quantitation of glycosylated albumin. Results from the new procedure correlated
      well with those from commercially prepared affinity chromatography (r = 0.85).

PMID- 4028432
TI  - A rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method for the determination of
      apolipoprotein E phenotypes and its application.
AB  - A rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method has been developed for the
      determination of apolipoprotein E phenotypes. Isoelectric focusing in 5%
      polyacrylamide flat gel with 8 mol/l urea and 2.8% pharmalyte (pH 4-6.5) was
      carried out at 3,000 V and 4 degrees C for 1 h under a constant power of 30 W.
      The separation of apolipoprotein E isoproteins was good and the isoelectric
      points were determined. Using this method, the apolipoprotein E phenotype
      frequency was examined in the Japanese population, and a higher frequency of
      phenotype E3/3 and a lower frequency of phenotype E3/2 were found in Japanese
      than those reported for the German, American or English population. In our
      focusing system the cut-off point of apolipoprotein E2/E3 ratio between the
      phenotype E3/3 and E3/2 was assumed to be approximately 0.9. These results
      indicate that this method may be useful for the determination of apolipoprotein E
      phenotypes.

PMID- 4028433
TI  - Plasma ferritin in old age. Influence of biological and pathological factors in a
      large elderly population.
AB  - The effects of biological (age, sex, weight) and pathological factors on plasma
      ferritin concentrations were documented in 776 unselected elderly patients aged
      80.9 +/- 9.7 yr. A marked shift towards high values (159 +/- 142 micrograms/l)
      was observed in this elderly population together with the persistence of the well
      known sex-related difference in ferritin levels (higher levels in men). Twenty
      five percent of the population had high levels of ferritin (greater than or equal
      to 220 micrograms/l) but 75% of these high values (i.e. 18.5% of the population)
      could be readily explained by their known association with a particular pathology
      (inflammatory syndrome, renal failure, cardiovascular diseases, alcoholism). Only
      6% of the population had unexplained high ferritin concentrations. Therefore, our
      data strongly suggest that the repeatedly reported increase of ferritin in the
      aged population is merely related to an age-associated pathology and may not be a
      normal physiological event occurring during the process of aging.

PMID- 4028434
TI  - Inhibition of A and B N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase urinary isoenzymes by urea.
AB  - A urinary fraction which inhibits the activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase
      (NAG) has been isolated and identified as being urea. Usually present in high
      concentration, urea appears to be the only urinary component responsible for the
      frequently observed urinary NAG inhibition. The inhibition of the two urinary NAG
      isoenzymes A and B is competitive with respective Ki values of about 70 mmol/l
      and 60 mmol/l. With routine assay conditions, it seems that a dilution of urine
      prior to enzyme assay is sufficient to abolish the inhibition of the two
      isoenzymes A and B by endogenous urea.

PMID- 4028435
TI  - Serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase in filariasis.
AB  - Serum aspartate aminotransferase level in filarial patients was estimated. The
      level was compared against the level of the same enzyme in non-filarial patients.
      Similarly estimated and compared was the level of serum alanine aminotransferase
      in the same groups of subjects. It was found that there was a mild but
      significant elevation of aspartate aminotransferase level above the normal level,
      in filarial patients in Nigeria. However, no concomitant elevation of alanine
      aminotransferase level was observed.

PMID- 4028436
TI  - New fluorometric assay of lysosomal acid lipase and its application to the
      diagnosis of Wolman and cholesteryl ester storage diseases.

PMID- 4028437
TI  - Extraction of lipids from human whole serum and lipoproteins and from rat liver
      tissue with methylene chloride-methanol: a comparison with extraction with
      chloroform-methanol.

PMID- 4028438
TI  - Enzymatic fluorometric method for the determination of D-arabinitol in serum by
      initial rate analysis.
AB  - We describe a new, simple, fluorometric assay for D-arabinitol in serum. The
      method is based on oxidation of D-arabinitol by D-arabinitol dehydrogenase (EC
      1.1.1.11), with the concomitant reduction of NAD. The initial rate of NAD
      reduction, which is proportional to the D-arabinitol content of serum, can be
      measured with a recording spectrofluorometer. Sensitivity, specificity, recovery
      and reproducibility experiments gave satisfactory results. The proposed method is
      suitable for clinical use, and may be helpful in the diagnosis of invasive
      candidiasis.

PMID- 4028439
TI  - Erythrocyte and leukocyte lipids in alcoholic macrocytosis.
AB  - Erythrocytes and leukocytes were obtained from patients with alcoholic
      macrocytosis and their lipid composition compared with those from normal
      subjects. The patients had normal plasma cholesterol and fasting triglyceride
      levels with mild and fully compensated liver disease. There was no difference in
      the lipid composition of leukocytes from alcoholics compared with controls.
      Erythrocytes from patients with alcoholic macrocytosis had increased cholesterol
      content. The increased cholesterol content correlated with the MCV but there was
      no correlation between plasma and erythrocyte cholesterol. There was a decrease
      in erythrocyte phosphatidylethanolamine in alcoholic macrocytosis. There was no
      change in the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fraction but there was
      an increase in the amount of linoleic acid in phosphatidylethanolamine. The
      double bond index, non-essential-to-essential fatty acid ratio and double bond
      index to saturated fatty acid ratio for the erythrocyte phospholipids were
      unchanged in alcoholic macrocytosis. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of erythrocyte membrane proteins from patients with alcoholic
      macrocytosis and control subjects showed no significant differences.

PMID- 4028440
TI  - Characterization of a serum factor interfering with the radioimmunoassay of
      prostatic acid phosphatase.
AB  - Storage of serum at temperatures above zero for short periods results in the
      spurious formation of a factor interfering with the radioimmunoassay of prostatic
      acid phosphatase. This factor acts by inhibiting the binding of radiolabelled
      tracer to the specific primary antiserum. The inhibiting factor is a protein of
      molecular mass 40 000 which is derived from an inactive high molecular mass
      precursor. Formation of the inhibiting factor is apparently reversible and its
      action can be neutralized by adding fresh serum to the incubation mixture. Serine
      protease inhibitors of synthetic or natural origin did not influence the activity
      of the inhibitor. Since incubations for long periods at temperatures above
      freezing are standard procedures in radioimmunoassays, formation of this
      inhibitor may occur in susceptible sera. It is suggested that problems with
      establishing specific assays for prostatic acid phosphatase may be explained by
      the generation of this inhibiting factor.

PMID- 4028441
TI  - Determination of urinary cortisol and 6 beta-hydroxycortisol by high performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method using high performance liquid chromatography for the quantitative
      determination of cortisol and 6 beta-hydroxycortisol in urine is described. Urine
      extracts were fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography. The peak of
      6 beta-hydroxycortisol was identified on the basis of retention time (24.4 min)
      and its area was measured. The peak of cortisol could not be measured
      simultaneously with the same column because of interference by other absorbing
      materials. The cortisol and dexamethasone peaks were collected (Rt values 9.6 and
      8.1 min, respectively), rechromatographed on another column system, and the
      concentration was determined. Precision and accuracy of the present method were
      within the range commonly achieved by other methods established for both
      steroids. Clinical utility of the present method was evaluated by measuring
      urinary cortisol and 6 beta-hydroxycortisol in normal subjects, in Cushing's
      syndrome and disease patients, and in patients receiving cortisol therapy.

PMID- 4028442
TI  - Automated stopped-flow analyser in clinical chemistry: determination of albumin
      with bromcresol green and purple.
AB  - We describe an adaptation of a microcomputer-controlled stopped-flow analyzer for
      automated analysis of albumin in serum. The immediate reaction between bromcresol
      green or purple and albumin is used to develop a routine procedure with 12 s
      reaction time. The approach shows excellent linearity to 68 g/l, good
      sensitivity, a relative SD of less than 0.5%, mean recovery 99.1%, high sample
      throughput (180 prediluted samples/h) and no significant interferences. The
      'reaction time' related overestimation of albumin that appears in prolonged
      procedures is eliminated, and results with this method correlate well with those
      obtained using the more specific immunonephelometric method.

PMID- 4028443
TI  - Human erythrocyte histamine N-methyltransferase: radiochemical microassay and
      biochemical properties.
AB  - A radiochemical assay for the measurement of histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT)
      activity in human erythrocytes (RBCs) has been developed. This assay was
      developed as a first step toward testing the hypothesis that the biochemical
      properties and regulation of HNMT in an easily obtainable human cell, the RBC,
      might reflect those of the enzyme in less accessible cells and tissues. The
      Michaelis (Km) constant in the RBC for histamine, the methyl acceptor substrate
      for the reaction, was 5.0 X 10(-5) mol/l. The Km constant for S-adenosyl-L
      methionine, the methyl donor, was 2.8 X 10(-6) mol/l. The assay was performed at
      a reaction pH of 7.4 with a potassium phosphate buffer. The product of the
      reaction was identified as N tau-methylhistamine by high performance liquid
      chromatography. The Kii for inhibition of the RBC enzyme by amodiaquine, an HNMT
      inhibitor, was 1.0 X 10(-7) mol/l, while the Kis value was 0.48 X 10(-7) mol/l.
      Blood samples obtained from 39 randomly selected adult white subjects had a mean
      activity of 130 +/- 30 U/ml of packed RBCs (mean +/- SD). Enzyme activities
      varied over a range from 74-213 U. There were no differences between men and
      women in mean activities, nor was there a significant correlation between RBC
      HNMT activity and age. The results of experiments in which lysates with 'low' and
      'high' activities were mixed gave no indication that individual variations in RBC
      HNMT activities were due to the effects of endogenous enzyme inhibitors or
      activators. RBC HNMT activities measured in blood samples from 17 individual
      subjects four times over 6 wk were quite constant in each subject, with an
      average coefficient of variation of 6.2%. The availability of this assay will
      make it possible to test the hypothesis that individual variations in RBC HNMT
      activity might be used to predict individual differences in HNMT activity in
      other human cells and tissues.

PMID- 4028444
TI  - Reduced levels of plasma ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in sickle cell disease
      patients: its possible role in the oxidant damage to sickle cells in vivo.
AB  - The role of oxidant damage to red cells in sickle cell disease has been of
      interest in recent years. Ascorbic acid is a well known antioxidant. The present
      study found that sickle cell patients have low levels of plasma ascorbic acid. In
      addition, it was observed that the pretreatment of sickle cells with ascorbic
      acid protects their membranes against in vitro peroxidative lipid damage induced
      by their exposure to hydrogen peroxide. The data suggest that low plasma ascorbic
      acid levels in sickle cell patients may be a factor in the increased
      vulnerability of sickle cells to oxidant damage in vivo.

PMID- 4028445
TI  - An improved method for the determination of free and esterified carnitine.

PMID- 4028446
TI  - Direct radioimmunoassay for estriol 3-sulfate 16-glucuronide using specific
      antiserum without deconjugation.

PMID- 4028447
TI  - Polarographic quantification of salicylate in serum by salicylate hydroxylase.

PMID- 4028448
TI  - Frontal intermittent rhythmical delta activity and anterior bradyrhythmia.
AB  - Rhythmical intermittent delta activity was found in 162 patients (out of a total
      of 5,542 patients; i.e. 2.9%). The typical features of frontal rhythmical
      intermittent delta activity (FIRDA) were noted in 105 patients while in 43 the
      pattern of anterior bradyrhythmia (AB) was present. Mental decline with delirium
      or dementia was the most common clinical correlate in cases of FIRDA, whereas
      cerebrovascular disorder represented the by far most frequent etiology in cases
      of AB. The patient group with AB proved to be older than the population with
      FIRDA. Stress was laid on the distinctive EEG features of FIRDA and AB as well as
      their relationship to the level of vigilance. FIRDA invariably showed a maximum
      over the frontopolar region whereas AB was maximally developed either over
      frontopolar or over superior frontal areas. There is reason to presume that a
      superior frontal maximum is related to arousal mechanisms (with input into the
      supplementary motor zone). On the other hand, it is hypothesized that the
      frontopolar maximum of FIRDA reflects thought processes in a frontal lobe with
      compromised circulation.

PMID- 4028449
TI  - Features of the geriatric EEG: age-dependent incidence of POSTS.
AB  - Positive occipital sharp transients of sleep (POSTS) are well recognized as a
      normal electroencephalographic phenomenon in young to middle-aged persons, but
      little comment has been made concerning their occurrence in geriatric age groups.
      This study encompassing 365 electroencephalograms, showing POSTS among patients
      aged 22 to 86 years, demonstrates that the presence of POSTS is not an age
      limited occurrence, but extends over a wide age range into the later decades of
      life. Though the incidence of POSTS declined with advancing age, the diminution
      was not striking until after age 70. POSTS appeared only in normal and mildly
      abnormal EEGs. POSTS did not occur in markedly abnormal EEGs, and thus they
      resemble other features of normal sleep including sleep spindles and K-complexes.

PMID- 4028450
TI  - Reliability of rapid clinical staging of all night sleep EEG.
AB  - The recording of all night sleep EEGs on a portable cassette recorder, and the
      rapid visual staging of the sleep records at 20 times real time, represent
      innovations in sleep research methodology. The reliability of sleep stager
      percentages obtained in this way is examined in this article. In the first of two
      studies, all night sleep records for six individuals were each staged twice by
      each of two qualified electroencephalographers. Inter-rater and intra-rater
      reliability assessed by intraclass correlation methods was modest, requiring the
      averaging of results from two judges to reach acceptable levels. Following
      consistency training, the two electroencephalographers staged all night sleep
      records for six additional subjects. Acceptable reliability was achieved in
      measurement of stages 2, 3, 4 and REM, although difficulty in reliably
      distinguishing stage 1 from the awake stage persisted. On the basis of these
      results, rapidly paced visual interpretation of sleep records at 20 times real
      time is recommended as a feasible way of meeting demands imposed by innovations
      in the technology of recording sleep EEGs.

PMID- 4028451
TI  - EEG topography in porencephaly and arachnoid cyst.
AB  - With the topographic EEG mapping method, the correlation between the morphologic
      abnormality of the brain and its functional changes was investigated in 13
      patients with porencephaly and arachnoid cyst verified by CT scan. The spatial
      distribution of the EEG activity was displayed in the delta, theta, alpha-1,
      alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 frequency bands. The abnormality of EEG topographic
      images (e.g., an increase of the power of delta activity and/or a decrease of the
      power of alpha activity in the involved side of the brain) was more marked in
      cases with porencephaly than those with arachnoid cyst, and in cases with mental
      retardation or paralysis than among those without.

PMID- 4028452
TI  - The EEG pattern in delirium tremens.

PMID- 4028453
TI  - Evoked potentials in non-convulsive status epilepticus.
AB  - To verify the results from previous studies, we performed EPs on 2 patients with
      nonconvulsive status epilepticus who demonstrated ictal behavioral changes and
      bilateral, often diffuse electrographic abnormalities. The EP modalities which
      were used, PVERs, BAERs, and SSERs, are highly reproducible in normal subjects.
      In contrast to previous findings, the ictal EPs were normal. Our results may
      indicate that, despite bilateral and frequently generalized ictal activity in
      some patients with nonconvulsive seizures, sensory processing at the brainstem
      and visual and somatosensory cortices remains preserved.

PMID- 4028454
TI  - Event-related potential in Alzheimer disease.
AB  - Auditory event - related potentials were studied in 20 patients with SDAT and 20
      age and sex matched normal controls. Patients with SDAT showed prolonged
      latencies of N200 and P300 components. The mean amplitudes of N200 and P300 were
      lower in the SDAT group. This reflects the impairment of the speed of neural
      processing in patients with SDAT. There were no significant correlations of the
      progression of P300 latencies from mild to severe dementia according to global
      dementia scales.

PMID- 4028455
TI  - Mid-line epileptiform activity in adult electroencephalograms.
AB  - Nine cases among 1000 adults referred to our EEG Laboratory were found to have
      epileptiform discharges at the C-Z area, predominantly in the awake state. These
      were in the form of isolated spike and wave complexes in five cases (0.5%), and
      Mu-like rhythms in four (0.4%). In all cases, variable degrees of dementia were
      found, and the CT scan of the head revealed mild to moderate cerebral atrophy and
      ventricular enlargement, confirmed by quantitative measurement. It is postulated
      that diffuse cortical and subcortical structural alteration is a factor
      responsible for the genesis of mid-line epileptiform activity in adult EEG's.

PMID- 4028456
TI  - Dramatic and rapid shrinkage of a massive invasive prolactinoma with
      bromocriptine: a case report.
AB  - Shrinkage of a massive, highly invasive, longstanding (probably 40 years)
      prolactin-secreting pituitary tumour is described in which tumour volume was
      reduced by 40% 8 d after beginning bromocriptine treatment. After 4 months of
      treatment the tumour was only 11% of the pretreatment volume and by 8 months it
      was further reduced in size being confined to the pituitary fossa, which was
      partially empty. Reduction in tumour volume was accompanied by a gradual
      reduction in serum prolactin concentrations to normal values at 4 months. Between
      4 and 18 months serum prolactin has remained normal on 5 mg of bromocriptine
      daily. Visual function improved within 48 h of starting bromocriptine and was
      almost normal by 6 d. CSF rhinorrhoea developed as the tumour shrank and was
      successfully managed with the relatively minor procedure of a diversionary lumbo
      peritoneal shunt. Bromocriptine should be considered as the initial treatment of
      choice for massive invasive prolactinomas because of the significant risk of
      morbidity from neurosurgical treatment.

PMID- 4028457
TI  - Hyperthyroidism and the impalpable thyroid gland.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 594 unselected cases of hyperthyroidism from one
      district was made to determine whether the thyroid gland had been palpable on
      presentation. The thyroid had been diffusely palpable in 374 patients (63%),
      nodular in 110 (19%) and impalpable in 96 (16%); there was no clinical record in
      14 (2%) cases. Under 40 years of age a diffuse gland was usual, being present in
      86% of cases. The proportion of nodular and impalpable glands both increased
      progressively with age comprising 30% and 48% respectively in patients older than
      70 years. Grave's ophthalmopathy was present in 13% of hyperthyroid patients with
      diffuse glands, in 12% of those with impalpable glands, but in only 1.5% of those
      with nodular thyroids. Thyroid autoantibodies were found with a similar frequency
      in all three groups. There was a very good correspondence between clinical
      assessment of shape and nodularity of thyroid and the results of isotope
      scanning; the majority of patients with impalpable glands (86%) had a diffuse
      uptake of isotope. In the elderly hyperthyroid patient an impalpable thyroid
      gland is common and is not a factor to weight against the diagnosis.

PMID- 4028459
TI  - Comparison of the clinical activity of mesulergine and pergolide in the treatment
      of hyperprolactinaemia.
AB  - The clinical activity of the new ergoline, mesulergine, was compared to pergolide
      in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemia. Mesulergine was given to 22 women and
      five men with hyperprolactinaemia. Serum prolactin was substantially lowered in
      10 women; two subsequently conceived and completed normal pregnancies. Twelve
      women stopped treatment due to side-effects, usually nausea and vomiting, or
      inadequate responses. The side-effects were generally similar to those on
      bromocriptine; in one patient they were better and in four worse than on
      bromocriptine. The male patients were more tolerant of mesulergine, and
      substantial falls in serum prolactin were seen with evidence of tumour shrinkage.
      Twenty-seven women with hyperprolactinaemia received pergolide; serum prolactin
      was lowered or normalized in 16. Side-effects necessitating cessation of
      treatment were similar to those seen with bromocriptine. Nevertheless, four women
      tolerated pergolide better than bromocriptine and two women adequately treated
      with mesulergine had previously been intolerant of pergolide. We conclude that
      both pergolide and mesulergine may be useful and effective drugs in the treatment
      of hyperprolactinaemia as alternatives to bromocriptine.

PMID- 4028458
TI  - Influence of endogenous and exogenous oestrogens on posterior pituitary secretion
      in women.
AB  - Four normally menstruating subjects were studied throughout the menstrual cycle
      to investigate changes in plasma LH, arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT)
      and oxytocin associated neurophysin (NPOT). A clear mid-cycle LH peak was
      observed in each subject. Mean levels of AVP, OT and NPOT were 2.2 pmol/l, 1.1
      pmol/l and 39 pmol/l, respectively. There were no significant differences between
      plasma levels during follicular, mid-cycle and luteal phases for each of these.
      Two further subjects with anovulatory cycles were studied in a similar way. In
      the first subject, with polycystic ovarian disease, posterior pituitary peptide
      levels were in the normal range, whereas the other subject, recovering from
      anorexia nervosa, had raised plasma levels of all posterior pituitary peptides
      (AVP 8.1 pmol/l, OT 1.8 pmol/l, NPOT 131 pmol/l, mean values) despite a normal
      osmolality. Administration of ethinyl oestradiol, 100 micrograms or 500
      micrograms, had no effect of either AVP or OT, but 100 micrograms caused a marked
      rise in NPOT levels in all cases within 12 h (from mean 64 pmol/l to mean 196
      pmol/l) and the levels remained elevated for 3 d.

PMID- 4028460
TI  - Computed tomography of the pituitary fossa in primary hypothyroidism. Effect of
      thyroxine treatment.
AB  - Computed tomography of the pituitary fossa was performed in 12 patients with
      primary hypothyroidism before and after thyroxine treatment. In three, herniation
      of the diaphragma sellae precluded accurate measurement of the density of the
      hypophysis. Eight of the remaining patients showed abnormally increased density
      of the pituitary gland after intravenous injection of contrast substance which
      was significantly correlated with the serum TSH-level (r = 0.913, P less than
      0.001). After thyroxine treatment the intrasellar density decreased substantially
      in all but one. We suggest that the observed contrast enhancement reflects
      increased pituitary circulation associated with the augmented function of TSH
      producing cells in response to thyroid hormone deficiency.

PMID- 4028461
TI  - The effect of dopamine agonist therapy on large functionless pituitary tumours.
AB  - Fifteen patients (12 male) with large pituitary tumours and serum prolactin
      levels below 1000 mU/l were given dopamine agonist therapy (bromocriptine,
      mesulergine or pergolide) for a mean of 9 months (range 3-36 months). Serum
      prolactin became undetectable in all. Despite this, significant suprasellar
      extensions and any associated neurological defect remained in 14 patients, who
      therefore were referred for surgery. In one patient there was evidence of
      spontaneous pituitary infarction unrelated to dopamine agonist therapy. At
      operation 12 patients had apparently functionless pituitary adenomas which failed
      to immunostain for prolactin, one had an epidermoid cyst and one a Rathke's pouch
      cyst. We conclude that patients with large pituitary tumours and only a mildly
      elevated serum prolactin are unlikely to have prolactinomas, and that such
      tumours are not likely to show significant tumour shrinkage with medical
      treatment with dopamine agonists.

PMID- 4028462
TI  - Relationship between serum thyroglobulin and intrathyroidal stable iodine in
      human simple goitre.
AB  - Serum thyroglobulin levels are increased in many patients with simple goitre.
      This increase has been attributed to the release of thyroglobulin (Tg) from the
      colloid of necrosed follicles. To test the hypothesis that increased serum Tg
      could be related to the low intrathyroidal iodine concentration [I], the main
      cause of nontoxic goitre, these two variables were measured in 91 euthyroid
      goitrous patients and compared to serum free T3 and free T4 levels as well as
      thyroid weight. Thyroid iodine concentration was estimated from the X-ray
      fluorescence measurement of intrathyroidal iodine stores and from the weight of
      the gland estimated by planimetry. Serum Tg levels, the free T3/T4 ratio and
      thyroid weight were negatively correlated to [I] (Spearman's coefficient of
      correlation = - 0.44 (P = 0.001); -0.30 (P = 0.006); -0.33 (P = 0.001),
      respectively). Tg levels were also positively correlated to the T3/T4 ratio (R =
      0.28, P = 0.008) and to the weight of the gland (R = 0.37; P = 0.001). These data
      suggest that, in simple goitre, increased serum Tg concentrations are partly
      related to the reduced concentration of iodine in goitre tissue (as are an
      increased T3/T4 ratio and the size of the goitre) and is not only the reflection
      of follicular necrosis.

PMID- 4028463
TI  - Sensory thresholds and motor responsiveness in thyroid disease: their responses
      to treatment and warming.
AB  - It has been our clinical observation that patients with hypothyroidism are
      relatively insensitive to the discomfort of venepuncture, whereas thyrotoxic
      patients seem to have a heightened sensitivity. In an initial study we have
      measured the sensory thresholds of perception along with motor responsiveness in
      hypothyroid, thyrotoxic and euthyroid subjects, employing a simple and readily
      reproducible technique. Sensory thresholds were elevated and motor responsiveness
      impaired in hypothyroid subjects as compared to euthyroid controls. In thyrotoxic
      subjects, motor responsiveness was significantly enhanced, but sensory thresholds
      did not differ from control values. In a subsequent study the threshold
      abnormalities of thyroid dysfunction were corrected by rendering the patients
      euthyroid with appropriate therapy. Warming a further group of untreated
      hypothyroid patients produced a similar improvement in motor responsiveness to
      that seen in the L-thyroxine-treated group, thus implying that this parameter is
      at least, in part, temperature dependent. Sensory thresholds would seem to be
      reliable reflectors of tissue thyroid status in hypothyroidism, whereas motor
      responsiveness seems the better guide to thyroid status across the whole spectrum
      of thyroid function.

PMID- 4028464
TI  - Urinary steroid metabolites in subjects with male pseudohermaphroditism due to 5
      alpha-reductase deficiency.
AB  - To investigate the enzymatic basis for abnormal steroid metabolism in subjects
      with male pseudohermaphroditism due to 5 alpha-reductase deficiency, the ring A
      reduced urinary 5 beta and 5 alpha metabolites of testosterone, androstenedione,
      11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione, cortisol and corticosterone were measured by gas
      chromatography. Assays of the four pairs of urinary 5 beta and 5 alpha steroid
      metabolites revealed decreased conversion of the parent steroids to 5 alpha
      reduced urinary metabolites, with increased 5 beta to 5 alpha urinary steroid
      metabolite ratios. These studies establish that increased urinary 5 beta/5 alpha
      ratios are distinctive for this disorder, and represent the most reliable method
      for confirming the diagnosis of primary inherited 5 alpha-reductase deficiency.
      These data also suggest that the conversion on the many delta 4-3 ketosteroids to
      5 alpha-reduced steroids may be due to a single enzyme with broad specificity, or
      multiple enzyme reductases with a common regulator.

PMID- 4028465
TI  - Single dose dexamethasone suppression test in children: dose relationship to body
      size.
AB  - We have performed an overnight single dose dexamethasone suppression test in 15
      children at different dosages to determine the minimum dose required to suppress
      the 0800 h serum cortisol level. With a dexamethasone dose of 0.1 mg/m2 two of
      seven children showed suppression. When the dose was increased to 0.3 mg/m2 all
      of six patients showed suppression as did three given dexamethasone 0.5 mg/m2. We
      recommend that doses of dexamethasone should be calculated in terms of body
      surface area when assessing the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in children and that a
      dose of 0.3 mg/m2 should be used for suppression tests.

PMID- 4028466
TI  - Patients with an acoustic neurinoma examined with a tilting room.
AB  - Patients with acoustic neurinomas do not usually show vertigo or spontaneous
      nystagmus, suggesting a gradual decrease of vestibular function with adequate
      compensation. Seventeen patients with acoustic neurinoma were examined to test
      their postural control. Examination in the tilting room showed a visual dominance
      in postural control with these patients irrespective of involvement of the
      central vestibular system. The subjective horizon was determined in addition to
      routine audiovestibular examination, to be informed about the compensation
      process. When routine audiovestibular examination points to an acoustic
      neurinoma, a pathological subjective horizon favours the diagnosis, although this
      is not mandatory. The combination of tilting room and stabilometry is superior in
      detecting visual dominance to the standard Romberg test.

PMID- 4028467
TI  - Skin cover after petrosectomy.

PMID- 4028468
TI  - Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Research Society (ORS). Meeting, 5 October 1984.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4028469
TI  - Surgery in congenital aural atresia.

PMID- 4028470
TI  - The evaluation of radiographs of the nasopharynx.
AB  - Radiographs of the nasopharynx are sometimes misinterpreted because of poor
      technical quality. A simple method of interpretation is suggested based upon
      measuring the airway immediately behind the upper part of the soft palate. If it
      is narrower than the width of the soft palate it is considered as markedly
      obstructed. When narrower than half of the soft palate, it is severely
      obstructed. When it is the same width as the soft palate, it is not narrowed. One
      hundred and forty radiographs were evaluated by this method and by previously
      described methods. All methods showed good correlation and the present method is
      easy to use and easy to teach and has proven to be useful even in radiographs
      which other methods fail to interpret. The importance of evaluating the airway
      instead of the adenoidal thickness is stressed.

PMID- 4028471
TI  - Reversibility of reduced mucociliary clearance in chronic sinusitis.
AB  - Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured before and after treatment in patients
      with chronic sinusitis. Nasal mucociliary transit time before the study was
      greater than 36 min in 8 out of 14 patients who were treated with S
      carboxymethylcysteine, and in 9 out of 22 patients who were treated by repeated
      antral lavage. The nasal mucociliary clearance was significantly improved by both
      treatment regimens. This may indicate that the malfunction of the nasal
      mucociliary system is not the cause of chronic sinusitis but an effect of chronic
      inflammation of the respiratory mucosa.

PMID- 4028472
TI  - The preservation of shoulder function after radical neck dissection.
AB  - The most disabling side effect of radical neck dissection is the 'shoulder
      syndrome', caused by denervation of the trapezius muscle. This is due to division
      of the spinal accessory nerve, the motor nerve to the trapezius. Using cadaver
      dissections the anatomy of the cervical spinal nerve supply to the trapezius has
      been studied. At radical neck dissection stimulation of these cervical spinal
      nerves produced contraction of the trapezius muscle. Thus a modified technique of
      radical dissection has been developed preserving the cervical spinal nerves to
      the trapezius. Comparison of patients undergoing this modified radical neck
      dissection with patients undergoing a classical radical neck dissection shows
      them to have better shoulder function.

PMID- 4028473
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology in the management of head and neck masses.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration cytology is a useful technique in the management of
      patients with masses in the head and neck, which is usually performed in co
      operation with a specialized cytopathologist. It has not until recently been an
      investigation used frequently by British otolaryngologists. This study shows that
      an aspiration cytology service may be run with the aid of a general
      histopathologist and demonstrates that it is a valuable aid to diagnosis even
      without the services of a specialized cytopathologist.

PMID- 4028474
TI  - Nasal Schneiderian papillomas: a study of 83 cases.
AB  - Nasal Schneiderian papillomas are unique lesions involving the mucosa of the
      nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Most often epidermoid in histological
      appearance, they favour 2 sites: the septum and the lateral wall of the nasal
      cavity. The medical literature on these tumours contains a plethora of
      contradictions concerning the nomenclature and no less than 54 separate
      designations are used. The synonyms are discussed and the term Schneiderian
      papilloma is proposed as the most suitable alternative. This study includes 83
      patients with Schneiderian papillomas in whom the history, clinical and
      radiological findings, treatment procedures, pathological sections, recurrences,
      and associated malignancies were analyzed. Histological and clinical features
      were not helpful in predicting recurrence, but the recurrence rate was related to
      the treatment modalities; with 17% recurrences using an extranasal approach
      (lateral rhinotomy) and 59% using intranasal approach with limited excision.
      Schneiderian papillomas were associated with squamous cell carcinoma in 7
      patients. Simultaneous papilloma and carcinoma were demonstrated in 4 patients at
      presentation (5%) and subsequently developing carcinoma in 3 patients (4%). As
      recurrences are frequent after inadequate removal and as association with
      maligancies may occur in both septal and lateral wall papillomas, radical
      aggressive surgery, thorough histological examination of the entire specimen, and
      careful follow-up are advocated.

PMID- 4028475
TI  - Inverted papillomas of the nose and the paranasal sinuses.
AB  - A series of 21 patients with inverted papillomas of the nose and/or the paranasal
      sinuses is presented. In 19 patients the tumour arose from the lateral nasal wall
      or paranasal sinuses, in 2 it arose from the nasal septum. Nine patients had been
      previously treated by nasal polypectomy. None of the patients with recurrences
      after primary surgical treatment showed any evidence of a progression from benign
      to malignant lesions. Only 14% of the patients suffered from recurrence, and it
      seems likely that this is because extensive surgical extirpation was recommended
      as primary treatment in most cases. We feel justified in recommending early and
      radical surgery.

PMID- 4028477
TI  - Invasive radiology.

PMID- 4028476
TI  - Resection of the interfrontal sinus septum in chronic or recurrent frontal
      sinusitis. Pre- and post-operative evaluation of the naso-frontal duct.
AB  - In 9 patients with recurrent attacks of acute or chronic frontal sinusitis,
      interfrontal sinus septum resection was performed. In 5 patients there was
      unilateral disease and in 4 bilateral. As all patients had previously had their
      frontal sinus trephined, pre- and post-operative naso-frontal duct function tests
      were performed. Pre-operatively, of 11 naso-frontal ducts tested (2 patients
      bilaterally) not one showed air flow on spontaneous respiration. Passage of air
      was obtained at forced inspiration and expiration in one patient and by
      Valsalva's manoeuvre in 6. No flow of air whatsoever was obtained in 4 of the
      ducts, whatever the method used. At follow-up performed 1-8 years post
      operatively 7 out of the 9 patients had no frontal sinus problems. The remaining
      2 patients, who both had nasal allergy, were improved. Post-operative testing of
      the 9 patients showed flow of air on spontaneous respiration in 4 patients,
      whereas 4 needed forced inspiration or expiration and only one patient Valsalva's
      manoeuvre. The sinus septum resection, which is very simple to perform, is a good
      alternative to more extensive frontal sinus surgery but may be of less value in
      patients with nasal allergy.

PMID- 4028478
TI  - The pancreas.
AB  - A review has been made of the angiographic findings of different benign and
      malignant pancreatic lesions. The limited need for angiography as a diagnostic
      procedure is emphasized with guidelines to its indications when such other
      diagnostic modalities as US and CT are available. The technique, indications and
      results of pancreatic venography and venous sampling for hormone assay are
      discussed.

PMID- 4028479
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.

PMID- 4028480
TI  - Percutaneous extraction of retained gallstones.

PMID- 4028481
TI  - Transjugular biopsy of the liver.
AB  - Percutaneous liver biopsy is the procedure of choice for most patients because of
      its simplicity and the high percentage of adequate biopsies obtained. It is a
      bedside procedure that does not require specialized equipment or the services of
      a highly trained angiographer. Nevertheless, complications are not uncommon
      unless strict contraindications are observed. It is usually recommended that
      patients be excluded who present with ascites, a prothrombin time less than 50%,
      a partial thromboplastin time greater than 10 s, or a platelet count less than 50
      000. Mahal et al (1979) cite lack of attention to the contraindications as the
      most important factor in 22 bleeding episodes which occurred following 3800
      percutaneous biopsies (0.7%). It is these contraindications that are the main
      indication for transjugular biopsy. Despite the highly selective nature of the
      patients who have undergone transjugular biopsy, the frequency of post-biopsy
      bleeding is only 0.35% and of death 0.13% (Table 1). These figures include the
      earliest experiences with this technique and can be expected to improve with
      increased experience and the development of new instruments that make the
      procedure safer and easier. Transjugular liver biopsy should be an essential
      procedure in every hospital that is involved in treating patients with liver
      disease. Unfortunately, although Lebrec et al (1982) estimated that approximately
      30% of patients are rejected for percutaneous biopsy because of the presence of
      contraindications, relatively few centres have adopted this technique. This may
      be in part due to the reluctance of clinicians to subject their patients to a
      procedure they perceive as stressful, although a study by Poynard and Lebrec
      (1982) showed patients rated transjugular biopsy as less painful and inconvenient
      than percutaneous biopsy.

PMID- 4028483
TI  - Injuries to the talus.
AB  - The unique anatomic, functional, and vascular aspects of the talus predispose the
      area to difficulty in the management of its injuries. This article provides a
      practical guide to the treatment of fractures and dislocations of the talus.

PMID- 4028482
TI  - Digital fractures and dislocations. Diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - A detailed discussion of the often underestimated dilemma of digital fractures
      and dislocations is presented. Illustrations accentuate the important concepts.
      An aggressive attitude should be adopted to avoid mismanagement and prolonged
      convalescence. Should the need arise, surgical intervention is emphasized.

PMID- 4028484
TI  - Symposium on minimal incision surgery.

PMID- 4028485
TI  - Rationale for office-based foot surgery.
AB  - It is clear from this study that the majority of foot surgical cases being done
      in the United States may be performed in an office-based surgical setting when
      individual case considerations are made on a case-by-case basis. This entire
      study reflects the importance of physician preference relative to selecting a
      surgical environment for management of disorders and surgery of the foot. In some
      areas, a strong consensus of opinion existed concerning one surgical location or
      the other, but the overwhelming majority of responses indicated a case-by-case
      evaluation prior to physician selection of the surgical environment. The Delphi
      study was well validated by the survey of Alabama podiatrists in this regard.
      Traditionally, within the United States, the physician has acted as an agent to
      the patient and as an allocator of health care resources. Perhaps current
      concepts regarding patient hospitalization for certain surgical procedures would
      change if the physician were motivated (either intellectually or financially)
      toward office-based surgery on a individual case basis. Perhaps, in selected
      elective surgical procedures, patients could be sufficiently informed so that
      they could voice an opinion or preference relative to selection of the surgical
      environment. Additional research in this area is necessary. Expanded insight into
      established patterns of patient hospitalization practices and general anesthesia
      usage on these hospitalized patients may also be in order. Realizing full well
      the role of independent physician judgment in these matters, it may be that
      selection of general anesthesia and hospitalization for some elective surgery
      procedures reflects the physician's training rather than his appreciation of
      alternate routes for rendering reasonable and responsible care.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028486
TI  - Preoperative work-up and criteria.
AB  - No matter what the underlying podiatric problem, if surgical correction is
      considered, a good preoperative work-up is essential. This article deals with the
      preoperative work-up and criteria for a variety of ambulatory surgical
      procedures.

PMID- 4028487
TI  - Infections in minimal incision surgery.
AB  - We have attempted to delineate a logical and rational approach to the recognition
      and management of postoperative infections. The reader is urged to use the tenets
      presented strictly as guidelines. Each and every treatment regimen must be
      tailored to the individual case. The priorities of early detection and treatment
      as well as the routine ordering of Gram stain and culture and sensitivity studies
      must never be ignored. The best prevention of bone infection is high serum levels
      of antibiotic in the early stages of management. Also, medications should have a
      high osseous perfusion rate. Among these are the cephalosporins, oxacillins,
      cloxacillins, and penicillins. After making a definitive diagnosis of
      osteomyelitis, radiographic evidence may be anticipated from 21 days after the
      start of infection. Bone scans will demonstrate this condition much sooner and
      allow for earlier treatment. There are two basic requirements for effective
      antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic chosen must be capable of inhibiting the
      growth of the agent or agents causing the infection (this requires an
      identification of the infecting bacteria and the selection of an antibiotic
      effective against that organism). Secondly, a therapeutically effective
      concentration of the antibiotic must reach the infected tissues for a sufficient
      period of time to allow the antimicrobial activity of the compound to be
      effective. This requires a blood supply capable of delivering the antibiotic in
      the blood to the affected tissues. Furthermore, the physiologic state of the
      patient, the nutritional status, and the immunosuppressive systems should be
      supported by the means necessary to initiate host reactions against the invading
      organism. Three last principles may be added to this antibiotic prescribing
      regimen. (1) When using broad-spectrum antibiotics, be constantly aware of the
      likelihood of superinfection. This is the overgrowth of bacterial organisms
      present on the skin as normal flora that multiply rapidly when the surrounding
      flora is destroyed by the broad-spectrum antibiotic. (2) Ancillary measures
      including heat, elevation, and immobilization should be employed when conditions
      permit. (3) Always check for allergy before prescribing an antibiotic. There are
      no certainties in the treatment of infections; the regimens may change daily as
      newer and more effective medications are marketed. Nonetheless, the principles
      remain unchanged. Clinical disease results only when the invading agent evokes
      anatomic and functional damage in the course of obtaining the necessary
      requirements for survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4028488
TI  - Minimal incision closing base wedges. Transpositional axis rotation deformity
      correction.
AB  - The closing base wedge osteotomy will consistently yield excellent prognostic
      results when performed as described. The technique should be used when an angular
      change at the first metatarsal base is needed in any direction.

PMID- 4028489
TI  - Phalangeal set.
AB  - A summary of the phalangeal set procedure has been given with indications,
      significance of the correction, contraindications, biomechanical factors,
      operative procedure, and the acceptance in many podiatric and orthopedic surgery
      circles. This is an ambulatory procedure for toe deformities which allows for
      release of toe contractures, reduction of superimposition of phalanges, increased
      joint space, and correction of malalignment.

PMID- 4028490
TI  - Intramedullary decompression with condylectomy for intractable plantar keratoma.
AB  - A previously unreported method to relieve excessive plantargrade pressure which
      may create an intractable plantar keratoma associated with metatarsal head pain
      is presented. This method is referred to as an intramedullary metatarsal
      decompression with condylectomy and is performed through a dorsal minimum
      incision. The rotary action of the bur is demonstrated. This method has proved
      less traumatic than previous procedures, permitting immediate ambulation with
      little postoperative pain or edema. In a series of cases, I have compared this
      method with control studies on the same patient in which intramedullary
      metatarsal decompression was performed on one foot and a neck osteotomy on the
      opposite foot. Results with intramedullary metatarsal decompression have been
      comparable but have fewer postoperative sequelae. Exuberant bone callus formation
      dorsally and at the osteotomy site, lateral displacement of bone segments,
      frequency of transfer lesions, delayed healing or nonunion of the osteotomy site,
      and the possibility of synostosis when two adjacent bones were osteotomized are
      all decreased. A short review of the rationale, selection of cases, and criteria
      for orthotics is presented. The concept and simplified method of treatment
      applied in a series of cases is described.

PMID- 4028491
TI  - Early ambulation after minimal incision surgery for calcaneal spurs.
AB  - We feel that surgical intervention for heel spurs must be used with caution after
      a strong program of conservative measures is tried. We have learned that it is
      helpful to inform patients of the complexity of heel pain and that, even with
      surgery, their discomfort may continue for some time. We also have always advised
      patients that being overweight increases their pain. In light of this study, we
      will probably make stronger statements on the importance of losing excess weight.
      When people can maintain a desirable weight, heel spur syndrome surgery can
      produce uniformly good results. The key is in the careful selection of cases.

PMID- 4028493
TI  - The lixiscope. Use in examination and surgery.
AB  - The lixiscope is a portable, low-intensity fluoroscopic device, which provides
      convenience and safety for doctor and patient in examination and surgery. It
      gives a real time image which allows motion of the object to be observed and
      manipulation or surgical procedures to be performed under continuous visual
      monitoring. By changing lines of perspective, an appreciation of the object can
      be gained in three dimensions. This is especially important in visualizing
      geometry-dependent flaws, such as fractures, or in bringing out low-contrast
      objects from the background by relative motion. lixiscopic foot surgery is a new
      kind of foot surgery, opening up previous "closed" or minimal incision surgery.
      It has the benefits of the previous minimal incision surgery, with direct
      visualization of sophisticated procedures for consistent results. Future
      directions in this technology may include a lixiscope which will not require
      isotope replacement, true stereoscopic vision, and specialized devices for
      various branches of medicine.

PMID- 4028492
TI  - Ambulatory correction of hallux abducto valgus. Angulational, transpositional,
      derotation, and hallux set procedure.
AB  - The importance of correction of the high proximal articular set angle with a
      subluxed joint in hallux abducto valgus for long-term correction is cited. I have
      shown that if the laterally deviated facet is not corrected, pronatory forces
      continue to act on the first ray. When force is applied to a still laterally
      tilted first metatarsophalangeal joint, further side-slipping of the joint will
      occur even though modification of the Silver, McBride, or osteotomy procedures of
      the first metatarsal have been performed successfully. A review of the standard
      procedures for the correction of a high proximal set angle alone usually did not
      correct the high intermetatarsal angle usually associated with this problem.
      Combination procedures sometimes created complications. These include dorsal
      dislocation of the distal fragment in correction of the sagittal plane deformity
      causing metatarsalgia, limited dorsal range of motion, and damage to the
      sesamoids or sesamoid grooves on the plantar aspect of the first metatarsal.
      Angulational transpositional derotation and hallux set (ATDH) is offered to
      correct four deformities using one or two 1-cm incisions together with "stab"
      incisions. This method overcomes the many disadvantages of previous procedures
      and can be used in the presence of biomechanical pronatory forces to reduce the
      proximal articular set and intermetatarsal angles; to derotate the hallux; to
      neutralize the forces that pull the proximal phalanx off the first metatarsal
      head; and if necessary, to correct the sagittal plane deformity of the first
      metatarsal so that weight bearing is not disturbed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4028494
TI  - Postsurgical complications and their clinical management.
AB  - Thus, we have briefly touched upon several sources of potential postsurgical
      complications. When these various conditions arise, they most often interfere
      with the overall healing process or total recovery period. In addition to causing
      aggravation and concern to the surgeon, they frequently complicate the operative
      impressions of the patient. The basic prevention techniques discussed should
      provide a substantial decrease in postsurgical complications. In summary, proper
      medical history and physical examination, vascular evaluation, biomechanical,
      radiographic, and laboratory studies are important. To employ good surgical
      preparation and sterile technique is also an important preventive measure. Plan
      your site of incision to maximize the approach to the bone correction while
      minimizing trauma to the underlying soft tissue structures. Always be prepared
      with adequate and back up instrumentation, including new surgical blades, burs,
      or Brophies. Use the instrumentation that best accomplishes the work proposed or
      contemplated. Good tissue handling and dissection along with adequate flushing of
      the wound site with sterile saline solutions are necessary. The well-informed
      patient can also reduce or prevent postoperative complications by the fact that
      they have been educated and informed about the pre-, intra-, and postoperative
      course of events. In conclusion, we have presented the most common postsurgical
      complications, their possible etiology, prevention, and management. Hopefully,
      these subjects will stimulate the practitioner to be more aware of such
      complications and therefore recognize and treat these less than desirable events
      appropriately.

PMID- 4028495
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by trehalase enzyme assay in amniotic
      fluid.
AB  - Amniocentesis and amniotic fluid trehalase enzyme assay were offered to 14
      pregnant women at a 1 in 4 risk for a child with cystic fibrosis. Twelve of these
      pregnancies were screened at the 18th week of gestation; ten proceeded to term,
      seven following the finding of a normal trehalase activity and three despite the
      low enzyme level in amniotic fluid. In all ten cases prenatal diagnosis proved to
      be correct. In two cases with low enzyme activity parents opted for termination
      at the 19th week, and with PAS-Alcian Blue staining some slight histochemical
      lesions characteristic of cystic fibrosis were seen in the exocrine glands,
      including the pancreas and intestinal mucosa, of both fetuses. The total protein
      content in the meconium of these fetuses was significantly higher than in the
      controls. Results suggest that trehalase assay in the amniotic fluid is a
      potential prenatal test for cystic fibrosis and it appears that in fetuses with
      cystic fibrosis some histochemical and biochemical abnormalities can be observed
      as early as the 19th week of gestation. The role of ultrasound examination as an
      additional procedure for the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is also
      discussed.

PMID- 4028496
TI  - Possible teratogenic effects of artificial insemination by donor.
AB  - Three trisomic offspring conceived by artificial insemination by donor (AID) were
      observed in a population in which a total of about 400 babies were so conceived.
      To test whether this excess represented a random fluctuation or a real effect of
      the AID procedure we surveyed, by questionnaire, a group of women who had born
      children conceived by AID. A significantly higher number of trisomic offspring
      were found than expected in a population with the observed age distribution.
      Further data are needed to test the validity of this observation.

PMID- 4028497
TI  - Metacarpophalangeal pattern profile analysis in Prader-Willi syndrome. A follow
      up report on 38 cases.
AB  - Metacarpophalangeal pattern profile (MCPP) was determined on 38 Prader-Willi
      syndrome individuals and compared with a previous report on 16 patients.
      Chromosome analysis showed an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome
      15 in 20 subjects and normal chromosome results in the remaining 18 individuals.
      The mean hand profile of 38 individuals was essentially flat while the profiles
      for the two groups based on chromosome findings were separate in the metacarpal
      area. Correlation studies confirmed the homogeneity of the deletion group
      relative to Prader-Willi syndrome individuals with normal chromosomes.
      Discriminant analysis of Prader-Willi syndrome versus control individuals
      produced a function of three MCPP variables plus age which may be applied as
      another diagnostic tool.

PMID- 4028498
TI  - Genetic linkage analysis of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Cockayne-Touraine
      type.
AB  - Genetic linkage relationships between 27 informative marker loci and the locus
      for epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Cockayne-Touraine type (EBD-CT), were
      examined in a single large kindred. Linkage could not be demonstrated to any of
      the marker loci, further adding to the exclusion map for EBD-CT. The dominant
      forms of EBD so far delineated by clinical criteria and electron microscopy
      remain genetically undefined in terms of loci and allelism. Further investigation
      will be undertaken using restriction fragment length polymorphisms mapped to
      regions outside the existing exclusion map.

PMID- 4028499
TI  - Segregation analysis of a translocation (16;21)(p11;q22) in a large pedigree.
AB  - A large family with an inherited reciprocal translocation (16;21) is described.
      An unbalanced karyotype due to adjacent-1 segregation was documented in 6 cases,
      whereas 25 children dying within the first year of life and 4 individuals dying
      at later ages probably had the same abnormality. Therefore minimal and maximal
      risk estimates were calculated to be 6.0% and 26.5% for female, respectively,
      4.8% and 33.3% for male translocation heterozygotes. Among the karyotyped
      phenotypically normal offspring of male as well as female carriers the ratio of
      normal children to balanced carriers was not different from 1:1.

PMID- 4028501
TI  - The characteristic physiognomy and tissue specific karyotype distribution in the
      Pallister-Killian syndrome.
AB  - We report a child with clinical features remarkably similar to those of our
      patient reported as tetrasomy 21 in 1982. Improved banding in this, and the
      previous case, together with gene dosage studies, and subsequent reports in the
      literature lead us to conclude that these patients are in fact tetrasomic for
      12p. The clinical features of these children are most distinctive and the
      importance of their recognition lies in the fact that the abnormal cell line is
      virtually confined to fibroblast studies.

PMID- 4028500
TI  - Autosomal dominant cataract and microcornea associated with myopia in a Sicilian
      family.
AB  - A Sicilian family is reported in which 36 individuals, in 5 successive
      generations, were affected with congenital cataracts, microcornea and myopia with
      an autosomal pattern of inheritance.

PMID- 4028502
TI  - The facio-audio-symphalangism syndrome: report of a case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A detailed account is given of a 5-year-old girl with the facio-audio
      symphalangism syndrome. This genetic disorder has been known previously by other
      names, including the WL syndrome. The reasons for suggesting this new descriptive
      term are given, along with a review of the literature.

PMID- 4028503
TI  - The ocular form of osteogenesis imperfecta: a new autosomal recessive syndrome.
AB  - We have investigated a South African family of Indian stock in which 4 brothers
      and 2 cousins had a severe form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) together with
      blindness due to hyperplasia of the vitreous, corneal opacity and secondary
      glaucoma. To the best of our knowledge the syndromic association of OI and ocular
      problems of this type has not previously been reported, and we believe that this
      condition is a newly recognised entity. The pedigree is consistent with autosomal
      recessive inheritance.

PMID- 4028504
TI  - The Groll-Hirschowitz syndrome.
AB  - Two sisters showed a similar disorder with cachexia, sensory deafness, and upper
      gastrointestinal abnormalities. The family pedigree suggests autosomal recessive
      inheritance of the disorder. Demyelinization demonstrated by a peripheral nerve
      biopsy may explain the basis for the manifestations. Only one family with this
      unique syndrome has been reported in the literature. The term "The Groll
      Hirschowitz Syndrome" has been suggested, named after the two physicians who
      first described this condition.

PMID- 4028505
TI  - Yq deletion (q11.21) in a H-Y+ azoospermic male.
AB  - A large deletion of the long arm (q11.21) of chromosome Y without mosaicism was
      found in a 28-year-old male. The proband has a normal height and normal male
      habitus but with azoospermia. The occurrence of H-Y+ level, azoospermia and loss
      of a great portion of euchromatic Yq in the proband is analyzed.

PMID- 4028506
TI  - Monosomy 16q: a distinct syndrome. Apropos of a de novo del(16) (q2100q2300).
AB  - A 2-month-old boy with delayed growth and development, brachycephaly, large
      anterior fontanelle, low-set folded ears, micrognathia, aortic coarctation,
      floppy abdominal muscles, and pes varus, was found to have a
      46,XY,del(16)(q2100q2300) de novo karyotype. This observation corroborates both
      the distinctness of the 16q monosomy syndrome and the pathogenetic role of the
      band 16q21.

PMID- 4028507
TI  - Fra (X) syndrome and autism.

PMID- 4028508
TI  - Fragile sites and chromosome breakpoints in constitutional rearrangements.

PMID- 4028509
TI  - Detection of fragile sites on human chromosomes.

PMID- 4028510
TI  - Proceedings of the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia. 6th
      meeting. Sydney, December 1984.

PMID- 4028511
TI  - Migration-induced changes in blood pressure: a controlled longitudinal study.
AB  - A longitudinal study of the effects of migration on blood pressure and related
      factors is being carried out in members of a black Kenyan population who migrate
      from a traditional rural community to an urban environment. Data on the first 139
      migrants (78 male, 61 female) and 204 control non-migrants (126 male, 78 female)
      who have been followed up for a period of 6 months are presented. Blood pressure
      changes rapidly on migration (within the first 2 months); thereafter trends
      between migrants and controls differ. Significant differences in systolic
      pressure between migrants and controls are found at all examinations during the 6
      month follow-up in both sexes. Diastolic pressure falls in controls but rises in
      migrants, the greatest difference being seen at the 6 month examination.
      Migration is associated with a marked increase in dietary sodium and a fall in
      potassium demonstrated by measurements of urinary electrolyte excretion in 3 X 12
      h or 3 X 24 h urine collections. Analysis of covariance shows that the blood
      pressure differences between migrants and controls are partly explained by
      urinary sodium/potassium ratios and in some instances by body weight.

PMID- 4028513
TI  - Increased renal prostanoid synthesis after unclipping the one-kidney, one-clip
      hypertensive rat: effect of renal denervation.
AB  - Renal denervation of hypertensive one-kidney, one-clip (1K, 1C) rats resulted in
      a minor fall in blood pressure (216, s.e.m. = 4, to 182, s.e.m. = 4, mmHg) 24 h
      later, which returned to predenervation levels with 1 week. Subsequent unclipping
      led to a similar fall in blood pressure in denervated (202, s.e.m. = 4 to 142,
      s.e.m. = 3) and sham-denervated (211, s.e.m. = 5 to 147, s.e.m. = 4) rats.
      Unclipping also resulted in a marked rise in urinary PGE2 and 6-keto PFG1 alpha
      in both denervated and sham-denervated animals. It appears that 1K, 1C
      hypertension, 8 weeks after clipping, is only slightly dependent on renal nerves.
      Unclipping results in increased renal synthesis of PGE2 and PGI2 which is not
      dependent on intact renal innervation.

PMID- 4028512
TI  - Blood pressure, salt taste and sodium excretion in rats exposed prenatally to
      high salt diet.
AB  - Blood pressure, sodium excretion and salt taste were examined in Sprague Dawley
      (SD) and Munich Wistar (MW) rats exposed prenatally to either a high salt (2.3%
      NaCl w/w) or control diet. There was no significant difference in blood pressure
      at 2, 6 or 12 months between high salt and control groups in either strain.
      Similarly there was no significant difference in sodium excretion following a
      saline load by gavage (150 mmol/l, 1.5% BW). Munich Wistar rats which received
      high salt diet prenatally exhibited a reduced saline preference when offered a
      choice between water and 150 mmol/l NaCl as drinking fluid. There was no
      significant difference in saline preference between Sprague Dawley rats which
      received the high salt or control diet. Prenatal exposure to high salt diet
      failed to alter the blood pressure or excretion of a salt load in either SD or MW
      rats. In MW rats but not SD high salt diet prenatally resulted in a reduced
      saline preference at 3 months of age.

PMID- 4028514
TI  - A randomized controlled trial of the effect of alcohol consumption on blood
      pressure.
AB  - Forty-six healthy normotensive male drinkers participated in a randomized,
      controlled, crossover trial to study the effects of varying alcohol intake on
      blood pressure. Alcohol consumption (calculated from weekly diaries) was reduced
      from 336.3 (s.e.m. = 20.2) to 64.5 (s.e.m. = 5.6) ml ethanol/week by drinking low
      alcohol content beer alone. Systolic blood pressure fell significantly during
      reduction of alcohol intake and rose again when normal drinking habits were
      resumed, the mean difference during the last 2 weeks of normal or low alcohol
      intake being 3.8 mmHg. This effect of alcohol on blood pressure was independent
      of a small but significant decrease in weight following reduction of alcohol
      intake. The change in blood pressure correlated with change in alcohol
      consumption (r = 0.53, P less than 0.001) with a 1 mmHg fall predicted for each
      100 ml of reduction in ethanol intake/week. We conclude that regular moderate
      alcohol consumption has a direct (but reversible) pressor effect in normotensive
      men.

PMID- 4028515
TI  - Increased plasma noradrenaline during low dose adrenaline infusion in resting man
      and during sympathetic stimulation.
AB  - Both resting and stimulated (straight-leg raising and head-up tilt) levels of
      arterial and venous plasma noradrenaline were significantly higher during low
      dose adrenaline infusion in five mild hypertensive and four normotensive patients
      with one adrenal. Repeat adrenaline infusions in the five hypertensive patients
      while measuring noradrenaline clearance (3H-noradrenaline constant infusion)
      achieved similar levels of plasma adrenaline, and similar increases in plasma
      noradrenaline, within five min of achieving target infusion rate. Increased
      plasma noradrenaline was not explained by reduced clearance. These results are
      consistent with the hypothesis that physiological concentrations of adrenaline
      are capable of facilitating noradrenaline release in man.

PMID- 4028516
TI  - Acute haemodynamic responses to unilateral renal artery stenosis in conscious
      dogs.
AB  - The acute responses to renal artery stenosis were studied in chronically
      instrumented, unanaesthetized dogs. Stenosis of one renal artery produced a rise
      in arterial pressure and a fall in total peripheral conductance, but no change in
      cardiac output. The resistance to blood flow of the stenotic kidney 1 h after
      stenosis was 25% greater than before stenosis. This rise in resistance was due to
      the resistance of the renal artery stenosis itself. Blood flow to the
      contralateral kidney fell by 13% (s.e.m. = 3) at 1 h and resistance rose by 39%
      (s.e.m. = 5). Plasma renin activity was elevated approximately 10 fold.
      Calculations of changes in peripheral conductances following stenosis showed that
      the stenotic kidney was responsible for 14% of the fall in total peripheral
      conductance at 1 h, and the contralateral kidney for 18%. Thus acute renal artery
      stenosis produced a prompt rise in arterial pressure due to reduced peripheral
      conductance, of which the two kidneys (stenotic and contralateral) were
      responsible for one-third.

PMID- 4028517
TI  - Effect of magnesium on passive fluxes of lithium in the human erythrocyte.
AB  - Extracellular Mg2+ is known to inhibit the passive Na+ and K+ fluxes in the human
      erythrocyte. In this study the effect of extracellular Mg2+ on Li+ efflux was
      measured in erythrocytes from 29 normotensive and essential hypertensive
      subjects. Magnesium produced a variable inhibition of between 0 and 47% in Li+
      efflux in different subjects and this effect was unrelated to initial cell Li+,
      blood pressure or to an action on the co- or counter-transport pathways for this
      cation. A positive correlation was observed between the magnitude of the passive
      Li+ efflux and its inhibition (0 to 47%) by Mg2+ ions. Thus Mg2+ has an
      inhibitory effect on passive Li+ permeability which is unrelated to essential
      hypertension.

PMID- 4028518
TI  - Total body sodium in immature spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats.
AB  - Total body sodium of male and female spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar
      Kyoto (WKY) rats was estimated weekly during the first 8 weeks of life by
      measuring exchangeable sodium (ENa). Blood pressure and sodium intake was
      measured from weeks 4 to 8. SHR had significantly higher blood pressure and
      sodium intake than WKY from 4 to 8 weeks of age. ENa was higher in SHR than WKY
      throughout the first 8 weeks of life. Relative sodium retention was observed in
      SHR during weeks 5 to 8 despite a significant rise in SHR blood pressure and fall
      in sodium intake. These findings suggest a change in the renal
      pressure/natriuresis relationship at this age in the SHR.

PMID- 4028520
TI  - Blood pressure responses to dietary sodium manipulation during normotensive human
      pregnancy.
AB  - Short-term salt loading and salt restriction in a group of normal pregnant women
      produced no changes in lying, sitting or standing blood pressures or heart rates.
      Home blood pressures showed no trend to change over the periods of altered salt
      intake. Although plasma volume and plasma renin activity changed with altered
      salt intake, there were no relationships between changes in these parameters and
      changes in mean arterial pressures (MAP) between the low and high salt diets.
      Capillary permeability and echocardiographic dimensions were unchanged by salt
      intake once sodium balance had been established.

PMID- 4028519
TI  - In vitro calcium dependence of arterial smooth muscle in human hypertension.
AB  - Digital arteries, removed at autopsy from 12 hypertensives and 11 normotensives,
      have been compared in vitro for the calcium dependence of contractures produced
      by potassium chloride and noradrenaline, and the potency of verapamil to
      antagonize contractures to noradrenaline. No significant differences were found
      between the vessels from the hypertensives and normotensives for the pD2 values
      or the maximum response to either potassium chloride or noradrenaline in bathing
      solutions containing 2.5, 1.0, 0.5 or 0 mmol/l calcium chloride. There were also
      no significant differences between the vessels, from the hypertensive or
      normotensives, in the pD2 values for the addition of calcium chloride to arteries
      exposed to potassium chloride or noradrenaline in a calcium free bathing medium,
      in the ability of verapamil to shift the pD2 values for noradrenaline, nor in the
      ability of verapamil to reduce the maximum responses to noradrenaline (except at
      the two highest concentrations of verapamil tested). It is concluded that it is
      unlikely to be a primary abnormality of the mechanisms regulating calcium ion
      entry and release in vascular smooth muscle in human hypertension.

PMID- 4028521
TI  - Immunoferritin electron microscopic studies with antibasophil serum of guinea pig
      basophil degranulation and regranulation in vitro.
AB  - We have previously shown that degranulated guinea pig basophils in vitro do not
      die. Rather, they recover, and these mature cells rebuild granules in the absence
      of nuclear changes of immaturity or of mitoses. This ability to survive the
      explosive release of cytoplasmic granules and to rebuild granules was the first
      such demonstration for a mature granulocyte. We utilized this model of antigen
      induced basophil degranulation and recovery in vitro, in conjunction with a
      specific antibasophil serum (ABS) and indirect immunoferritin electron
      microscopy, in order to localize the anatomic sites of expression of the
      antigen(s) recognizing ABS during the secretory and recovery events. Basophil
      surface membranes were labeled prior to degranulation, during degranulation,
      after degranulation, and as mature, polynuclear, granule-free cells began to
      rebuild new granules. In addition, the plasma membranes of non-granule
      containing, glycogen positive, small mononuclear cells were labeled. These were
      few in number and were thought to be precursor cells in the basophil lineage.
      Controls, either nondegranulated basophils at a variety of culture intervals, or
      basophils following degranulation and during recovery, were done using normal
      rabbit serum (NRS) and an indirect immunoferritin electron microscopic technique.
      These were all negative. Moreover, contaminating eosinophils, neutrophils, and
      lymphocytes were also negative. Extruded granules were labeled with ferritin
      (ABS) on their membrane-free, finely granular exteriors, but not within the
      lamellar array of their matrixes. Extruded granules were not labeled in control
      experiments. When tested with ABS, membrane-bound granules in the cytoplasm prior
      to release and membrane-free, released granules contained within degranulation
      sacs, were negative, as was the membrane of sacs. Immature, membrane-bound
      granules were also negative. Ferritin binding to membranes was seen in narrow
      channels, vesicles, and larger vacuoles, as well as in multivesicular bodies,
      present in the peripheral cytoplasm. This distribution of labeled sites was not
      observed in neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes which were also routinely
      present in these preparations. These sites were not labeled in basophils or other
      cells in control studies using ferritin and NRS. This indicates the necessity for
      specific binding to basophils in order to visualize this process. Whether most
      such sites represent residual endocytosis at 4 degrees C or binding to open
      invaginations near surfaces of cells does not detract from their specificity and
      thus expression of specific antigen(s)-binding sites in basophils.

PMID- 4028522
TI  - Covalent binding of [35S]cysteine to the labile binding site of the third
      component of complement: a physiological approach.
AB  - The alternative pathway of complement was activated physiologically by agarose
      beads to which [35S]cysteine had been bound by a disulfide link. The activated
      form of the third component of complement, C3b, which had bound to the
      radioactive cysteine was then released from the agarose bead with dithiothreitol.
      The [35S]cysteine was shown to be covalently bound to the alpha' chain of C3b,
      and to its known major breakdown product, the 66,000-Da polypeptide. This is
      highly suggestive that complement activation has led to formation of a peptide
      bond between the radioactive cysteine and the labile binding site on the alpha'
      chain of C3b. This radioactive marker will enable the amino acid sequence of the
      labile binding site to be determined, with the knowledge that the labeling of the
      amino acid(s) has occurred during physiological activation.

PMID- 4028523
TI  - Renal prognosis in women with hereditary nephritis.
AB  - Renal prognosis cannot be easily predicted in females with hereditary nephritis
      (HN). Thirty-six women with persistent urinary abnormalities, belonging to 24
      families with progressive HN, were studied. Renal biopsy specimens were available
      in 23 patients and were studied by light and electron microscopy (EM). Nine women
      (group I) progressed to early renal failure, at 35 yrs of age or less. Five women
      (group II) progressed to late renal failure at 45 yrs of age or more. In
      contrast, 22 patients have so far normal renal function, and 14 of these (group
      IV) range from 31 to 62 yrs of age. Diffuse glomerular basement membrane (GBM)
      thickening was found by EM in 6 of 7 cases of group I, whereas it was found in no
      patient of group IV. The following features are suggestive of progressive
      nephritis in females: gross hematuria in childhood, nephrotic syndrome, and
      diffuse GBM thickening by EM. In contrast, family history of HN without nerve
      deafness, normal or nearly normal kidney on repeat biopsy, and thin or normal GBM
      by EM are suggestive of less or nonprogressive renal disease. Further follow-up
      is needed to assess the prognostic significance of these features.

PMID- 4028524
TI  - Children with chronic renal failure in the Federal Republic of Germany: II.
      Primary renal diseases, age and intervals from early renal failure to renal
      death. Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Padiatrische Nephrologie.
AB  - In a retrospective survey, 623 children with chronic renal failure (CRF)
      comprising a 7-year period were registered in the Federal Republic of Germany.
      The primary renal disease could be classified in 91% of the patients.
      Pyelonephritis was the most frequent diagnosis (31%), followed by
      glomerulopathies (20%), renal hypoplasia or dysplasia (14%), cystic kidney
      disease including nephronophthisis (12%), other hereditary nephropathies (7%),
      and vascular nephropathies (4%). At the time of first presentation, 23% of the
      children with preterminal chronic renal failure were younger than 5 years, 34% 5
      to 10 years and 43% 10 to 16 years old. At the time of renal death, the serum
      creatinine level was below 10 mg/dl in 84% of the children below 5 years,
      compared to 5% in the patients older than 10 years. The mean interval from the
      first presentation of CRF to the terminal stage was 6 months in vascular
      nephropathies, 19 months in cystic renal disease, 26 months in glomerular
      disorders, 32 months in pyelonephritis, and 36 months in hereditary nephropathies
      and in renal hypoplasia or dysplasia. The range of these intervals is so large,
      even when diagnostic subgroups are considered, that a reliable prediction of the
      individual course from the underlying kidney disease is not possible.

PMID- 4028525
TI  - Pruritus and mast cell proliferation of the skin in end stage renal failure.
AB  - We studied the relationships between dermal mast cell proliferation and pruritus
      or hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis (HD). Skin biopsies were taken from 59
      patients in end stage renal failure; 51 were on maintenance HD, and the other 8
      were not. As a control, 34 non-renal failure pruritic patients were used. Thirty
      one of the 59 end stage renal failure patients (52.5%) had pruritus. The
      incidences of pruritus found in patients on HD and those not on HD were 56.9% and
      25%, respectively. Significantly larger numbers of dermal mast cells were found
      in HD patients than in the control. There was no clear relationship between
      dermal mast cell proliferation and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. We
      speculated that the cause of pruritus in the patients undergoing maintenance HD
      was due to an increase of dermal mast cells and a release of histamine as a
      result of extra-corporeal circulation.

PMID- 4028526
TI  - Post-heparin lipolytic activity in acute renal failure.
AB  - Total post-heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA), hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL)
      and protamine inactivated lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and plasma lipoprotein pattern
      were investigated in 8 patients with acute renal failure (ARF). PHLA was
      determined at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after heparin administration (100
      U/kg b.w.). Maximal PHLA in ARF was 6.12 +/- 1.56 mumol FFA/ml/h at 10 minutes
      versus 14.62 +/- 4.29 at 45 min in controls (= 42%, p less than 0.001). PHLA was
      reduced in ARF throughout the study period (p less than 0.001). Maximal HTGL
      activity (3.06 +/- 0.84 mumol FFA/ml/h) was obtained at 10 min in ARF versus 8.97
      +/- 3.11 after 15 min in controls (= 34%, p less than 0.001). HTGL in ARF
      differed from controls at all points of determination (p less than 0.001). LPL
      maximum was 3.12 +/- 1.93 mumol FFA/ml/h at 15 min in ARF and 7.65 +/- 3.44 at 45
      min in controls (= 40%, p less than 0.001). LPL activity was different from
      controls at 30, 45 and 60 min (p less than 0.001) but not at 5, 10 and 15 min
      after heparin injection. Due to a rapid decrease of LPL activity (half maximal
      activity after 34 min in ARF versus 94 min in controls, p less than 0.05)
      activity half life of PHLA was diminished in ARF (49 min in ARF versus 112 min in
      controls, p less than 0.01). Thus both the activity of HTGL and LPL is impaired
      in ARF. Because of the different activation kinetics of the two PHLA fractions no
      conclusions concerning maximal enzyme activities can be drawn from single
      determinations as suggested in previous studies on chronic renal failure.

PMID- 4028527
TI  - Possible mechanisms of hydrocarbon-associated glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Many hydrocarbons have properties which make them candidates for causing
      glomerulonephritis. They alter most immune functions and create a state of
      immunity deficiency; they damage the tubules which may lead to interstitial
      fibrosis and increased postglomerular capillary resistance furthering the
      trapping of macromolecules in the glomeruli; and they probably increase tissue
      permeability to macromolecules. The idea that hydrocarbons cause
      glomerulonephritis is supported by findings of an association between
      glomerulonephritis and hydrocarbon exposure, by findings of a relationship
      between tubulointerstitial damage and glomerular filtration rate in
      glomerulonephritis, and by findings of immunity deficiency in most subgroups of
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 4028528
TI  - Response of plasma vasopressin to changes in extracellular volume and/or plasma
      osmolality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - The effect of changes in extracellular volume versus changes in plasma osmolality
      on arginine vasopressin (AVP) release was studied in 6 patients with terminal
      renal failure maintained on chronic hemodialysis. The day of the study, the
      patients were treated by sequential ultrafiltration lasting 1 hour followed by a
      3-hour conventional hemodialysis session. The ultrafiltration resulted in the
      removal of 460 to 1,170 ml (mean = 860 ml) of volume. Body weight during the
      combined procedures fell by 1.6 +/- 0.4 kg (mean +/- s.e.m.) while mean arterial
      pressure decreased only slightly. Plasma osmolality was unaffected by sequential
      ultrafiltration, but decreased from 313 +/- 4 mosm/kg H2O to 291 +/- 4 mosm/kg
      H2O during hemodialysis. Initial plasma AVP concentration was high at 4.45 +/-
      0.25 pg/ml and remained unchanged during the sequential ultrafiltration at 4.55
      +/- 0.37 pg/ml, but it fell during the hemodialysis to 2.47 +/- 0.45 pg/ml. A
      hypotensive episode observed in one patient towards the end of hemodialysis
      resulted in a sharp increase in plasma AVP concentration from 5.5 to 18 pg/ml.
      During the combined procedures, plasma AVP and plasma osmolality showed a close
      and linear correlation (r = 0.63, n = 23, p less than 0.001). These findings
      suggest that in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, changes in plasma
      osmolality play a predominant role in determining AVP secretion whereas a marked
      decrease in volume without ensuing hypotension has no effect on AVP release.

PMID- 4028529
TI  - Intramuscular iron replenishment and replacement combined with testosterone
      enanthate in maintenance hemodialysis anemia: a follow-up of up to 8 years on 16
      patients.
AB  - Sixteen chronic uremics who showed exhausted bone marrow iron stores and mean
      hematocrit values of 20.9 +/- 4.2% at the time of starting maintenance
      hemodialysis (HD) were treated by means of intramuscular iron dextran (IMD) (400
      mg/month) for six months. By the end of this replenishment period, stainable bone
      marrow iron was observed and mean hematocrit values increased to 27.2 +/- 4.9% (p
      greater than 0.001). At this time, 200 mg of IMD/month and testosterone enanthate
      (1.5 g/month) were prescribed for the whole follow-up period (up to 8 years). The
      observed mean hematocrit values were up to 46.1 +/- 1.6%. Major side effects were
      not observed. The process of slow iron reabsorption from the intramuscular
      injection site (up to 4 weeks) also implies the splitting of iron from dextran,
      therefore preventing bone marrow deposits of iron dextran complexes which make
      iron unavailable for erythropoiesis. High doses of testosterone enanthate can
      normalize hematocrit values of maintenance hemodialysis patients with replenished
      bone marrow iron stores.

PMID- 4028530
TI  - Cardial decompensation caused by hypertension and polyglobulia associated with
      multiple renal oncocytomas.
AB  - A 43 year old man was referred to the Internal Department for the examination of
      cardial decompensation, hypertension, polyglobulia and atrophy blanche of the
      lower legs. Clinical and supersonic examination revealed two tumors in the left
      kidney (diameter 8 and 3.5 cm) and some small tumors in the right kidney.
      Laboratory studies disclosed erythropoietin levels up to 170 mU/ml (standard 14
      61 mU/ml) and a red blood cell count of up to 8 X 10(6)/ml. After recompensation,
      a radical left nephrectomy and the removal of three small tumors of the right
      kidney four weeks later was initiated. Postoperative erythropoietin levels and
      red blood cell count sank to the normal range leading to the reduction of
      antihypertensive therapy. The clinical course indicates a strong etiological
      connection between hypertension as well as polyglobulia with the multiple
      bilateral oncocytomas. Polycythemia also led to the atrophy blanche which had
      resulted from disturbances of microcirculation.

PMID- 4028531
TI  - Crystalluria following aminopenicillin therapy.

PMID- 4028532
TI  - Nifedipine in hemodialyzed patients.

PMID- 4028533
TI  - Abdominal pseudocyst; the cause of repeated peritonitis during continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

PMID- 4028534
TI  - Natural history of left anterior descending coronary artery obstruction:
      significance of location of stenoses in medically treated patients.
AB  - We examined the prognostic significance of an obstructive lesion in the proximal
      left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Five-year or longer follow-up
      data were examined from 311 patients with greater than 70% obstruction of the LAD
      treated without surgery. Mortality was compared in subsets with lesions proximal
      to and distal to the first septal perforating artery. Survival curves were worse
      in patients with proximal than with distal LAD disease (p less than 0.05); lesion
      location remained a significant determinant of survival when ejection fraction,
      age, and sex were controlled using a Cox regression model. However, when patient
      subsets were examined, survival with proximal LAD disease was worse than with
      distal obstruction only in the presence of an associated right coronary artery
      lesion and an ejection fraction of less than 40% (p less than 0.01). Patients
      with proximal LAD plus right coronary lesions had a 5-year mortality rate (34.08
      +/- 8.9%) that was not significantly (p greater than 0.05) different from that of
      a group of 66 patients with greater than 50% narrowing of the left main coronary
      artery (24.02 +/- 4.3%). Thus, proximal LAD disease is more significant than is a
      distal lesion only in the presence of right coronary obstruction. This two-vessel
      combination results in a mortality rate as high as that associated with left main
      coronary artery obstruction.

PMID- 4028535
TI  - Is the blood pressure the same in both arms?
AB  - It is generally believed that there are blood pressure differences between the
      right and left arms, but most of the validation studies have used nonsimultaneous
      measurements. It is important to know whether there is a difference, as
      methodological comparisons are often made using a different technique on each
      arm. We have measured the blood pressure simultaneously in both arms in 91
      patients, using two observers and two cuffs to provide eight measurements in a
      fully balanced design. The mean difference in blood pressure between the arms
      (left/right) was -1.3 (SE 0.4)/1.1 (SE 0.3) mmHg. Mean differences of the same
      magnitude were found between the two observers, and between the cuffs. Thus, no
      systematic difference of any consequence was found, although individual patients
      had mean between-arm differences in blood pressure of up to 10 mmHg. These
      results suggest that no significant bias is introduced in methodological
      comparisons that use both arms.

PMID- 4028536
TI  - Hemodynamic advantage of combined administration of oral ibopamine and
      nitroprusside in patients with ischemic and idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of combined administration of ibopamine (Ib) (150 mg
      orally) with nitroprusside (NP) (50-150 micrograms/min intravenously) were
      compared with those of NP alone in 17 patients with severe congestive heart
      failure due to coronary artery disease (7 patients) or idiopathic cardiomyopathy
      (10 patients). Hemodynamic measurements were obtained using a Swan-Ganz
      thermodilution catheter and a bedside thermodilution cardiac output computer.
      Nitroprusside alone produced a significant decrease (-12.4%) in mean arterial
      pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (-28.3%), and systemic vascular
      resistance (-22.6%), and a significant increase in stroke volume index (23.1%).
      The administration of combined NP and Ib produced a further significant increase
      of stroke volume index (20.1%) with a concomitant and significant reduction of
      systemic vascular resistance (-19.4%); heart rate, mean systemic and pulmonary
      arterial pressures did not change significantly from the values observed with NP
      alone. Moreover, stroke work index, although not significantly modified with the
      vasodilator alone, was significantly increased over control values with NP + Ib
      association. Although NP alone induced similar effects in both the ischemic and
      idiopathic cardiomyopathies, the association of Ib gave a more favorable, though
      not significant, hemodynamic response in the subjects with primitive
      cardiomyopathy than in the ischemic ones. Thus, the association of Ib to NP
      therapy, in patients with congestive heart failure, further increases stroke
      volume index and stroke work index with a concomitant reduction of systemic
      vascular resistance, without any significant change in mean systemic and
      pulmonary arterial pressures, or heart rate. These results point out the
      possibility of associating Ib with other orally active vasodilators in the
      chronic treatment of congestive heart failure.

PMID- 4028537
TI  - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: experience with 70 cases.
AB  - During the period 1965-1983, 270 patients underwent resection of abdominal aortic
      aneurysm. In 70 patients (26%) the aneurysm was ruptured. Overall hospital
      mortality of patients with ruptures was 34%. Five patients died before the graft
      could be completed. Common denominators associated with mortality were
      hypotension, renal failure, cardiac arrest, and postoperative hemorrhage. The
      average age over the first 10 years was 68, but subsequently, has risen
      gradually, with a corresponding increase in mortality despite improved surgical
      technique and postoperative care. Only with more widespread elective resections
      and earlier diagnosis of rupture followed by prompt operative management, can the
      outlook for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm be improved.

PMID- 4028538
TI  - Primary sarcoma of the pulmonary trunk: successful surgical intervention and
      prolonged survival.
AB  - We present a rare case of pulmonary trunk sarcoma in a young male in which the
      diagnosis was made antemortem. Total surgical removal of the tumor, including
      replacement of the pulmonary valve, was undertaken. This patient is the longest
      reported survivor of pulmonary trunk sarcoma and remains free of any signs or
      symptoms of recurrence. No adjuvant chemotherapy was required.

PMID- 4028539
TI  - Ochronotic cardiovascular disease.
AB  - Ochronosis is a disease of tyrosine metabolism. Although most commonly associated
      with alcaptonuria and spondyloarthropathy, cardiovascular abnormalities have been
      associated. We describe a case which exemplifies the cardiovascular findings in
      this entity.

PMID- 4028540
TI  - Myositis ossificans of the thigh following manipulation of the knee. A case
      report.
AB  - Myositis ossificans of the thigh produced severe limitation of knee motion in a
      22-year-old man after passive manipulation of a knee on three separate occasions.
      Motion improved after excision of the bony mass and postoperative radiation to
      prevent recurrence. Caution is advised in passive manipulation of the knee,
      because repeated attempts can result in forced extension of the quadriceps
      muscle, periosteal damage, partial muscle tears, and interstitial hemorrhage.

PMID- 4028541
TI  - The effect of running on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis of the hips and
      knees.
AB  - Former college varsity athletes were surveyed by questionnaire to determine if
      long-distance running can be implicated as a factor in the future development of
      osteoarthritis of the hips and knees. Subjects were divided into two groups. One
      group consisted of 504 former varsity cross-country runners. A control group
      consisted of 287 college swimmers. Follow-up periods ranged from two to 55 years,
      with a mean of 25 years. In former runners there was a 2% incidence of severe
      pain of the hips and knees. In former swimmers there was an incidence of 2.4%.
      Additionally, 2.1% of swimmers eventually had had a surgical procedure for relief
      of pain. Only .8% of runners eventually required surgery for osteoarthritis.
      There is no association between moderate long-distance running and the future
      development of osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that neither
      heavy mileage nor the number of years running are contributory to the future
      development of osteoarthritis.

PMID- 4028542
TI  - Surgical and nonsurgical treatment of acute ankle sprains.
AB  - In the treatment of eversion injuries or tears of the medial structures, exact
      anatomic restoration is mandatory, and this must be accomplished by either closed
      reduction or surgery. The treatment of lateral ankle ligament injuries is usually
      cast immobilization, taping, or a cast-brace. Surgical treatment of lateral ankle
      ligament sprains is performed only on those highly competitive young individuals
      who require an almost normally functioning ankle.

PMID- 4028543
TI  - Ankle injuries in skiing.
AB  - With the development of new ski equipment and improvement in skiing techniques
      and slope grooming, the incidence, mechanism, and type of ankle injuries suffered
      during skiing have changed. Ankle sprains, peroneal tendon dislocations, Achilles
      tendon ruptures, and ankle fractures all can happen as the result of skiing.
      However, the incidence of these injuries has been dramatically lowered in the
      past two decades. All of these injuries should be treated aggressively to allow
      the skier to return to skiing. The early functional treatment of acute ankle
      sprains will return many skiers to activity quickly. With ankle fractures,
      lateral subluxation of the talus must be diagnosed and will be the determinant as
      to whether nonoperative or operative treatment is necessary. Open reduction with
      plating of the fibula and early weight-bearing in a brace allows early functional
      return to the ankle.

PMID- 4028544
TI  - Shoulder impingement syndrome in athletes treated by an anterior acromioplasty.
AB  - Shoulder pain caused by a impingement syndrome commonly affects an athlete's
      performance. Thirty-five shoulders in 33 athletes had an impingement syndrome
      treated by an anterior acromioplasty after failure of conservative treatment.
      Thirty-one of 35 shoulders (89%) were subjectively judged improved by the
      patients from their preoperative status. The moderate and severe pain was reduced
      from 97% of the shoulders preoperation to 20% postoperation. The pain at rest and
      with activities of daily living was reduced from 71% of the shoulders
      preoperation to 9% postoperation. However, only 15 of 35 operated shoulders (43%)
      allowed return to the same preinjury level of competitive athletics, and only
      four of 18 athletes involved in pitching and throwing returned to their former
      preinjury status. This operation is satisfactory for pain relief but does not
      allow an athlete to return to his former competitive status. A prolonged
      rehabilitation program may improve the results.

PMID- 4028545
TI  - Sports following spinal surgery in the young athlete.
AB  - The decision to allow any young athlete to resume sports participation following
      injury or surgery must always be individualized. In the case of spinal surgery,
      whether it is of the decompressive type or involves spinal fusion, the decision
      to return to full sports participation must take into consideration not only the
      level of the spine involved but also the extent of spinal fusion. The potential
      for segmental instability immediately above or below the fusion site as well as
      any neurologic injury identified at the time of the initial injury or
      subsequently noted in the course of management must also be taken into account.

PMID- 4028546
TI  - Nutrition in sports medicine.
AB  - Strenuous or vigorous exercise does not appear to significantly alter the
      requirements for any specific nutrient except calories. The major nutritional
      problem in sports medicine, particularly among the young, will be one of meeting
      caloric requirements from a variety of foods. As high- or low-energy requirements
      are met, so will requirements for all other essential nutrients. We should all
      heed the words of Sir Robert Hutchison (1871-1960), as perhaps the Food and
      Nutrition Board did. He wrote in the New Castle Medical Journal, vol. 12, 1932,
      "One swears by whole meal bread, one by sour milk; vegetarianism is the only road
      to the salvation of some, other insist not only in vegetables alone, but on
      eating those raw. At one time the only thing that matters is calories; at another
      time they are crazy about vitamins or about roughage. Scientific truth may be put
      quite briefly; eat moderately, having an ordinary mixed diet and don't worry."
      Robert Charles Benchley (1889-1945), an American humorist, critic, and actor, was
      known to say that when the thought of exercise came upon him, he would lie down
      until the thought passed over. Clement Richard Attlee (1883-1967), prime minister
      of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951, said he owed his long life to resisting
      all forms of exercise.

PMID- 4028547
TI  - The use and abuse of anabolic steroids in Olympic-caliber athletes.
AB  - Self-medication with anabolic steroids by athletes, particularly in the sports of
      weight lifting and track and field, has become increasingly popular. In the 1983
      Pan American Games, 15 athletes were disqualified for taking anabolic steroids.
      Athletes take steroids believing the steroids will allow increased periods of
      intensive training and will increase muscle strength with proper weight training.
      The athletes assume this increased strength and training will translate into
      better athletic performance. Most athletes taking anabolic steroids are taking
      very large doses with no thought as to the potential adverse side effects. They
      ignore the possibility of long-term problems relating to hypertension, liver
      dysfunction, and atherosclerosis for what they see as the immediate performance
      benefits. In an attempt to keep sports competition "clean" and to help protect
      athletes from harmful drugs, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the
      United States Olympic Committee have rules stating that the use of anabolic
      steroids is illegal. Drug testing is performed in Olympic and in many
      international competitions. Those people found using anabolic steroids are
      disqualified. This use of anabolic steroids indicates that for some athletes the
      need to win or to maximize performance supersedes any worries about future
      health.

PMID- 4028548
TI  - The diagnostic accuracy of spinal nerve injection studies. Their role in the
      evaluation of recurrent sciatica.
AB  - The spinal nerve injection study (SNIS) is a diagnostic test for the evaluation
      of sciatica. SNIS consists of selective infiltration of nerve root with local
      Xylocaine anesthesia. The most common indication is in the postlaminectomy
      patient with persistent or recurrent sciatica and peridural scarring causing
      myelograms or CT scans to be difficult to interpret. Of 105 patients with SNIS,
      55 subsequently had surgical exploration of the suspected lesion. In patients
      with a diagnostic or highly suggestive SNIS, an accurate diagnosis was made in 43
      (93%); myelograms in the same group had an accuracy of 24%. At follow-up
      evaluations ranging from 12 to 60 months (average, 20 months), 40 (73%) of the
      patients were improved by further surgical treatment.

PMID- 4028549
TI  - Partial epiphysiodesis at the knee to correct angular deformity.
AB  - A method of partial epiphysiodesis is described for correction of idiopathic genu
      valgum or varum in the adolescent patient. A standard curve is used to determine
      the proper timing for partial epiphysiodesis, including allowance for the
      remaining growth to correct the deformity before skeletal maturity is reached.
      The surgical technique is designed to produce partial epiphysiodesis of the femur
      and/or tibia. The advantages of this procedure are predictability, a small scar,
      and the avoidance of a second procedure. The results in 13 extremities treated
      and followed to maturity demonstrate the efficacy of the operation.

PMID- 4028550
TI  - An investigation of the digital nerves of the thumb.
AB  - With the use of a stereoscopic microscope, observations were made on the course
      of the proper digital nerve of the thumb on ten upper limbs in adult cadavers. By
      observation from the dorsal side after removal of the bone, it was possible to
      clearly see the ramification of the digital nerve from the subcutaneous tissue to
      the dermis. Ramification from the palm to the level of the interphalangeal joint
      was segmental. The digital nerve of the thumb trifurcates from the proximal site
      of the distal palmar thumb crease into the main, medial, and lateral branches.
      The main branch is thick and extends from the center of the pulp toward the
      fingertip. Ramification at the pulp of the thumb is of a radiating rather than
      segmental type, and its control can be considered as spotty or intermittent.
      Distribution of pacinian corpuscles is dense in the subcutaneous tissue of the
      distal palmar thumb crease. These observations are of clinical importance not
      only for avoidance of injury to the digital nerve in surgical procedures such as
      the incision and drainage for felon and the trigger thumb release but also for
      precise repair of the digital nerve in the reconstructive surgery of the thumb.

PMID- 4028551
TI  - Results of carpal tunnel release in renal hemodialysis patients.
AB  - Forty-eight renal hemodialysis patients were evaluated clinically and
      electrodiagnostically for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The incidence (32%) was
      significantly higher than that previously reported by other authors. All patients
      with CTS also had peripheral neuropathy by electrodiagnostic criteria. CTS was
      found four times as often in patients who had dialyzed longer than five years
      compared to those who had dialyzed less than five years. Patients with CTS were
      more likely to have an active or inactive access in the involved forearm than
      were patients without CTS. In patients with CTS treated by transverse carpal
      ligament release, 87.5% obtained relief from pain and numbness. Because of the
      high incidence of CTS in the chronic hemodialysis population, electrodiagnostic
      screening is recommended in these patients. Patients with clinical and
      electrodiagnostic signs of CTS will benefit from transverse carpal ligament
      release.

PMID- 4028552
TI  - Correction of chronic lateral ligament instability of the ankle by use of the
      Brostrom procedure. A report of 15 cases.
AB  - This paper presents experience with the Brostrom operation, a relatively unknown
      surgical procedure for treating chronic instability, pain, and swelling involving
      the lateral aspect of the ankle. The procedure is indicated in patients
      unresponsive to conservative therapy. The torn ligament ends are identified and
      either reapproximated or reattached to the lateral malleolus or talus, depending
      on the site of original rupture. Of 15 consecutive patients treated, 13 obtained
      good or excellent results. Adequate ligamentous tissue for reconstruction was
      present in all cases. Stability, the primary goal in reconstructing these
      ligaments, was improved in all cases. Other surgical procedures for treating this
      symptom complex use normal anatomic structures (usually the peroneus brevis
      tendon) for reconstructing the anterior talofibular and/or calcaneofibular
      ligaments. The Brostrom procedure offers results comparable to other techniques
      but is superior because it is unnecessary to alter any normal anatomic
      structures.

PMID- 4028553
TI  - A method of evaluating the results of forefoot surgery.
AB  - Clinical evaluation of the foot is complicated because of the large number of
      structures, most of which are difficult to record or measure. A standardized
      system of evaluation is needed to assess the ever-increasing methods of treating
      foot abnormalities. An evaluation form for recording clinical information on
      forefoot operations has been designed and can be specifically used for
      computerized data retrieval. In designing the form, an attempt has been made to
      standardize methods of clinical examination (mainly on the forefoot) and enable
      accurate comparisons of data from similar studies in the literature. Two hundred
      thirty-two specific items are included in the form. More data are available on
      the forefoot because this part of the foot can be more readily evaluated
      clinically. Also, it is usually the area of the more extreme pathologic changes
      and largest number of procedures. Specific entries cover details of the history,
      physical signs, diagnosis, pain assessment, shoes, walking, function, general and
      surgical treatment, and complications. The form is applicable to computer methods
      or data retrieval.

PMID- 4028554
TI  - Extraskeletal soft-tissue chondrosarcoma. Case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A rare extraskeletal soft-tissue chondrosarcoma of the foot occurred in a 50-year
      old man. Adequate en-bloc excision or amputation was the indicated method of
      treatment.

PMID- 4028555
TI  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis.
AB  - In five patients, the diagnosis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
      (MRSA) osteomyelitis was made by clinical and roentgenographic methods and
      confirmed by bone biopsy cultures. The treatment was staged according to the
      anatomic setting of the infection and the systemic and local competence of the
      host. Seven episodes of osteomyelitis were encountered in the five patients. Two
      patients had persistence of their infection and were successfully treated by
      additional surgical debridement, antibiotics, and adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen.
      Vancomycin was administered to all patients. The daily dosage of vancomycin
      ranged between 100 mg and 2.0 gm. The length of vancomycin therapy ranged from 19
      to 56 days. Five of seven biopsy specimens grew bacterial organisms in addition
      to MRSA. The MIC of vancomycin for MRSA ranged between 0.39 and 1.56
      micrograms/ml. Osteomyelitis was arrested in five of seven episodes, and follow
      up evaluations ranged from two to 35 months. Two of five (40%) patients receiving
      the combination of vancomycin and tobramycin developed signs of renal toxicity.
      Renal function returned to normal after discontinuation of the antibiotics. MRSA
      osteomyelitis is usually acquired by spread from a contiguous focus of infection
      and is often polymicrobic in nature. Treatment with vancomycin or vancomycin plus
      tobramycin when the infection was polymicrobic was effective. The combination of
      vancomycin plus tobramycin is potentially nephrotoxic.

PMID- 4028556
TI  - Muscle biopsy: proper surgical technique.
AB  - Muscle biopsy is often incorrectly performed despite the fact that it is a
      relatively simple procedure. A consistently reproducible surgical technique in 93
      open vastus lateralis muscle biopsies implemented in conjunction with
      neuromuscular and malignant hyperthermia research demonstrated 14 cases of
      malignant hyperthermia and a variety of forms of neuromuscular pathology. No
      wound complications or disabilities have resulted from this procedure. The
      procedure includes careful selection of biopsy site, regional anesthesia,
      atraumatic dissection, and immediate processing of the biopsy sample. A new
      muscle biopsy clamp is described. The authors recommend the vastus lateralis for
      the biopsy site unless another area of involvement is specifically indicated.
      Careful attention to technical details is required for optimal results.

PMID- 4028557
TI  - Shoulder arthrodesis for the treatment of brachial plexus palsy.
AB  - In 14 adult patients with brachial plexus injuries, shoulder arthrodesis was
      completed in a position of 30 degrees abduction, 30 degrees flexion, and 30
      degrees internal rotation. Abduction was measured by the position of the arm in
      relation to the side of the body with the scapula in the anatomic position.
      Internal fixation was used in each case. Six patients had had Steindler
      procedures. Three patients with complete paralysis were treated by above-elbow
      amputation. All shoulders fused. Mean follow-up time was 32 months. All patients
      noted that shoulder fusion had improved the function of their extremities.
      Minimum shoulder motion was 60 degrees abduction and 50 degrees flexion. Three
      procedures failed because of continued pain that was not relieved by surgery. One
      patient with an elbow flexion contracture disliked the combination of shoulder
      and elbow flexion. Seven patients required plate removal. Only one of the three
      patients who had had above-elbow amputation became a good prosthetic user.
      Shoulder arthrodesis is a reliable procedure that improves function in adult
      patients with brachial plexus palsy.

PMID- 4028558
TI  - Computerized tomographic determination of vertebral density after total hip
      arthroplasty.
AB  - Computerized tomography (CT) provides the capability to determine vertebral bone
      density with a high degree of accuracy and precision, detecting density changes
      as small as 5% in serial testing. In this pilot study, CT was used to determine
      the effects of total hip arthroplasty and its consequent alterations in physical
      activity levels on the vertebral bone density of 13 postoperative patients.
      Vertebral bone density was also evaluated in six preoperative patients with
      degenerative joint disease of the hip and five control patients. The preoperative
      group and controls were then compared with the postoperative patients, who were
      divided into two groups--those who had achieved good activity levels and those
      whose levels of activity remained poor. CT measurement of bone density in the
      central bodies of T12, L1, and L2 showed that the preoperative group was similar
      to controls. This suggests that patients accept total hip arthroplasty rather
      than endure significant activity limitations for extended periods of time. When
      activity level was restored by arthroplasty, vertebral bone density was
      preserved. If the patient continued at a poor activity level postoperation,
      significant loss of bone density occurred secondary to disuse.

PMID- 4028559
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma in chronic osteomyelitis. Report of a case and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Malignant change at the site of a chronic osteomyelitis, a rare condition, is
      reported in a 45-year-old man, along with a review of the literature. This
      patient with a 30-year history of chronic osteomyelitis of the right femur and an
      intermittently discharging sinus had a large abscess in the lower thigh. The
      abscess was drained, and an ulcer developed at the mouth of the sinus tract. Soon
      afterward, he sustained a pathologic fracture through the lower femur. Biopsy
      specimens of the ulcer showed a well-differentiated squamous carcinoma. An
      amputation was performed at the level of the proximal 10 cm of the femur. The
      patient remains well 18 months later with no clinical or radiologic evidence of
      metastases. Changes in character of a previously innocuous osteomyelitis sinus
      tract should arouse suspicion of neoplastic transformation. Biopsy of various
      depths of the sinus tract, including the bone marrow, is essential. Early
      amputation for squamous cell carcinoma is indicated and offers a good prognosis.

PMID- 4028560
TI  - The effect of alignment on results in arthroscopic debridement of the
      degenerative knee.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with severe degenerative joint disease of the knees were
      treated by arthroscopic debridement. The results of arthroscopic debridement on
      normally aligned degenerative knees are encouraging. A combination of
      arthroscopic debridement and high tibial osteotomy could be an appealing
      alternative to total knee arthroplasty in the young patients. Patients with varus
      angular deformity in the degenerative knee had a poor result and should be
      excluded from consideration for arthroscopic debridement.

PMID- 4028561
TI  - Posterior spinal fusion without blood replacement in Jehovah's Witnesses.
AB  - Posterior spinal fusion without blood replacement is a formidable procedure that
      most orthopedic surgeons are reluctant to attempt. This procedure has been
      performed without transfusions on 19 patients, all of whom were Jehovah's
      Witnesses. The operations were performed over four spinal segments at a time and
      were planned so that the procedure could be terminated when 10% of the patient's
      estimated total blood volume had been lost. Allogeneic donor bone was used to
      minimize blood loss whenever this was acceptable to the patient. The procedure
      was associated with a high incidence of pseudarthrosis, all cases of which
      occurred when allogeneic bone was used. No deaths or life-threatening
      complications were encountered. Thus, posterior spinal fusion can be performed in
      Jehovah's Witnesses without transfusion, but the procedure should be conducted
      only by the experienced spinal surgeon.

PMID- 4028563
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of fracture repair.
AB  - High-resolution phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to
      monitor noninvasively the local pH changes that occur in vivo throughout fracture
      repair in rats. During the healing of a fractured shaft of tibia, the pH of the
      fracture hematoma changed from 7.2 on day two to 7.5 on day 20, i.e., alkaline
      with respect to the pH of normal extracellular fluid. This did not occur in a
      hematoma created by the direct injection of blood. Deposition of radio-opaque
      callus occurred mainly during the alkaline phase. Abnormalities in the control of
      local pH may be important in the etiology of delayed union, and future forms of
      local therapy may be usefully directed toward influencing this parameter.

PMID- 4028562
TI  - Effect of partially purified bone morphogenetic protein on DNA synthesis and cell
      replication in calvarial and fibroblast cultures.
AB  - The effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), a molecule extracted from
      demineralized bone, were observed in organ cultures of 21-day fetal rat
      calvariae. The effects of BMP on cell replication in cultures of normal rat
      kidney (NRK) fibroblasts were studied for comparison. At concentrations of 0.1-10
      micrograms/ml for periods of 24-96 hours, BMP stimulated the incorporation of 3H
      thymidine into acid-insoluble residues (DNA) in calvariae by 25%-159%, and at 1
      10 micrograms/ml it increased bone DNA content by 20%-23%. BMP at 1 micrograms/ml
      also increased the number of calvarial mitoses after colcemid arrest by 1.5-1.8
      fold. The effect of BMP on calvarial DNA synthesis was observed in the periosteal
      bone. In contrast to its effects on DNA synthesis, BMP did not stimulate the
      incorporation of 3H-proline into collagenase-digestible and noncollagen protein
      and did not alter calvarial alkaline phosphatase activity. BMP at 1-10
      micrograms/ml caused a marked increase in 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA in
      cultured NRK fibroblasts and increased DNA content and cell number by 1.5-2-fold.
      These studies indicate that BMP stimulates DNA synthesis and cell replication in
      calvarial and fibroblast cultures but does not stimulate postdifferentiated bone
      cells in incubated calvariae.

PMID- 4028564
TI  - Strength of stainless steel surgical wire in various fixation modes.
AB  - Although wire is a commonly used fixation device in orthopedics, little is known
      about the effects of fastening methods and configurations on the strength of
      wiring systems. Three sizes of stainless steel surgical wire were tested in
      noncyclic tensile loading. Load failure levels increased with enlarging wire
      diameter. Fastening twists were stronger than knots or the ASIF bend technique.
      The failure mode for twists was untwisting. More than two twists gave no
      additional strength to the system. Two commercial wire tightening devices gave
      stronger and more reproducible twists than did ordinary pliers. The addition of a
      tension equalizing loop opposite the fastening loop weakened the wire system by
      10%-15%. The combination of two single wire loops was stronger than a continuous
      double loop of wire. The results from this study are intended to help the
      orthopedic surgeon optimize the use of wire.

PMID- 4028565
TI  - Supracondylar humeral osteotomy for traumatic childhood cubitus varus deformity.

PMID- 4028566
TI  - Rating systems in the evaluation of knee ligament injuries.
AB  - Many different methods of evaluating disability after knee ligament injury exist.
      Most of them differ in design. Some are based on only patients' symptoms. Other
      include patients' symptoms, activity grading, performance in a test, and clinical
      findings. The rating in these evaluating systems can be either numerical, as in a
      score, or binary, with yes/no answers. Comparison between a symptom-related score
      and a score of more complex design showed that the symptom-related score gave a
      more differentiated picture of the disability. It was also shown that the binary
      rating system gave less detailed information than a score and that differences in
      a binary rating can depend on at what level the symptoms are regarded as
      "significant." A new activity grading scale, where work and sport activities were
      graded numerically, was constructed as complement to the functional score. When
      evaluating knee ligament injuries, stability testing, functional knee score,
      performance test, and activity grading are all important. However, the relative
      importance varies during the course of treatment, and therefore they should not
      all be included in one and the same score.

PMID- 4028567
TI  - Double-contrast CT arthrography of the cartilage of the patellofemoral joint.
AB  - For assessment of the value of computed tomography (CT) as a method for
      evaluating the cartilage of the patellofemoral joint, 100 knees were examined in
      91 patients. With the patient in a supine position with the knee flexed at a 30
      degree angle, a sufficient quantity of air and positive contrast material was
      required to obtain an accurate CT picture of the cartilage. Normal cartilage
      images of 53 knees and abnormal images of 47 knees were obtained by use of CT.
      The latter group was classified into eight types. When the CT findings of 70
      knees were compared with arthroscopy and/or arthrotomy, the results showed that
      CT diagnosis was accurate in 68 of 70 knees, with a coincidence rate of 97.1%.
      Cartilage thickness at an arbitrary site and the extent of the ulcer within the
      deep layers were observed easily by CT. Although examination exclusively with
      arthroscopy had distinct disadvantages (e.g., the inability to assess either the
      specific thickness of the cartilage or the extent of the ulcers within deep
      layers), the combined use of arthroscopy with CT provided a precise three
      dimensional image of the cartilage. CT was found to be a valuable noninvasive
      imaging method for patellofemoral joint cartilage evaluation.

PMID- 4028568
TI  - A perspective of lesions associated with ACL insufficiency of the knee. A review
      of 100 cases.
AB  - A retrospective study was conducted to survey the extent of intracapsular damage
      associated with ACL insufficient knees in both the acute and chronic situation.
      Previously unoperated knees were studied to assess the effect that reinjury had
      on the knee joint. One hundred patients with confirmed anterior cruciate ligament
      damage, both clinically and under general anesthesia, were examined
      arthroscopically and the findings recorded on video tape. Both anterolateral and
      posteromedial approaches were used to well visualize the entire intra-articular
      structures of the knee joint. The incidence of meniscal tears increased from 77%
      in the acute injury to 91% in the chronically reinjured knee (p less than .06).
      Furthermore, articular surface disease increased from 23% in the acute injury to
      54% in the chronically ACL lax knee (p less than .002). The majority of meniscal
      tears were medial and amenable to peripheral suture repair (63%). Irrespective of
      how one approaches ACL insufficiency of the knee acutely, one cannot ignore the
      likelihood of finding these significant associated lesions. Reinjury to the knee
      will likely enhance the incidence of meniscal tears and articular changes.

PMID- 4028569
TI  - Secondary reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in competitive
      athletes.
AB  - A follow-up study of 325 patients with surgical repair of ligamentous lesions
      from 1971 to 1977 demonstrated 88% good results in a group treated by one
      operation. Only 66% of patients who had had two or more operations had good
      results. High-performance athletes may regain a reasonably good level of function
      if knee joint instability is limited to anterior cruciate ligament instability.
      Superimposed injury causing rotatory instability significantly reduces the
      incidence of good recovery of function even if repaired by the best known
      surgical procedures. Function sufficient for noncontact, nonviolent sports is
      often possible. A poor prognosis for long-term joint function is attributable to
      chondromalacia and accompanying proliferative synovitis. The earlier a
      ligamentous lesion is repaired, the better the prognosis.

PMID- 4028570
TI  - Complete knee dislocation. A follow-up study of operative treatment.
AB  - Twenty knee dislocations in 19 patients (one bilateral) occurred over a period of
      20 years. The age range was 21 to 65 years, with an average age of 40.8 years.
      There were two popliteal artery and eight peroneal nerve injuries in the group.
      All patients were managed by early closed reduction at the scene of the accident
      or at the admitting hospital. Treatment consisted of 13 acute arthrotomies with
      complete ligamentous repair, one partial ligament repair, two delayed repairs,
      and four cast applications. Both anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments were
      torn in each knee surgically examined. In contrast to cruciate injuries in
      nondislocated knees, avulsion of bone of the PCL was present in 14 of 16 and of
      the ACL in ten of 16. Complete follow-up study including examination and
      radiographic evaluation was obtained on 18 knees in 17 patients. Special
      investigations of 13 with acute complete ligament repair, followed from 12 months
      to 48 months (average of 24 months), showed loss of joint motion following this
      injury. Clinical instability was generally not a problem, but chronic pain and
      discomfort were present in 46%. The average knee diagnostic score was 43. Seventy
      seven percent of the patients returned to vigorous sports activities. Early
      operative repair followed by cast bracing and manipulation at three months (if
      flexion was less than 90 degrees) is recommended in young, active patients.

PMID- 4028571
TI  - [Peripheral nerve involvement in spino-cerebellar degenerations. 3. Atypical
      cases].

PMID- 4028572
TI  - [Gait apraxia with cluttering-like speech disturbance].

PMID- 4028573
TI  - [Spinocerebellar degeneration associated with bilateral basal ganglia
      calcification, macular degeneration and mental retardation--case report of two
      siblings].

PMID- 4028574
TI  - [Myotonic discharges in a case of licorice-induced hypokalemic myopathy].

PMID- 4028575
TI  - [An autopsy case with lymphomatoid granulomatosis (Liebow) involving the brain].

PMID- 4028576
TI  - [A case of chronic progressive radiation myelopathy with a CT myelogram
      simulating an intramedullary tumor].

PMID- 4028577
TI  - [Computed tomography in Duchenne type muscular dystrophy--morphological stages
      based on the computed tomographical findings].

PMID- 4028578
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of parkinsonism based on a semiquantitative scoring
      system--chiefly to discriminate two major causes, paralysis agitans and vascular
      parkinsonism].

PMID- 4028579
TI  - [Acute orbital myositis--a case of inflammatory orbital pseudotumor characterized
      by enlargement of localized extraocular muscles].

PMID- 4028580
TI  - [Progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy, alopecia, and spondylosis-
      report of a case and proposal of a new progeroid syndrome].

PMID- 4028581
TI  - [Two cases of cervical intradural arachnoid cysts simulating juvenile muscular
      atrophy of a unilateral upper extremity (Hirayama's disease)].

PMID- 4028582
TI  - [Abnormal radiological findings in juvenile-type distal and segmental muscular
      atrophy of the upper extremities].

PMID- 4028583
TI  - [Biochemical studies on experimental chloroquine myopathy].

PMID- 4028584
TI  - Intracranial bilateral symmetrical calcification on CT-scanning. A case report
      and a review of the literature.
AB  - The case of a 57-year-old woman with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is presented.
      A CT-scan showed extensive bilateral symmetrical calcification in the region of
      the basal ganglia, nuclei of the cerebellum and the cerebral and cerebellar white
      matter. A review of the literature showed that bilateral symmetrical
      calcification detected by CT is usually small in extent and is most often
      confined to the globus pallidus. It is most commonly found in patients older than
      50 years, who only rarely have symptoms associated with it. The finding is,
      though, non-specific and may occur in a variety of pathological conditions both
      with and without an aetiological relationship. Further study of the cerebral
      parathormone responsive adenylate cyclase enzyme proves hopeful to elucidate the
      aetiology of idiopathic bilateral symmetrical calcification.

PMID- 4028585
TI  - Bruxism: its significance in coma.
AB  - Bruxism, the phenomenon of non-functional grinding of the teeth has been ascribed
      to various causes. Twenty patients with coma from different causes who displayed
      bruxism were studied with an attempt to correlate the phenomenon to the level of
      consciousness, eye movements, respiration, cold caloric test, motor deficits and
      sleep wake cycles. Bruxism was seen to appear at different levels of
      consciousness, but to disappear only after a significant improvement in the level
      of consciousness. A relationship with the appearance of sleep wake cycles was
      also seen.

PMID- 4028586
TI  - A cerebral cause of arthrogryposis: unilateral cerebral hypoplasia.
AB  - The authors describe a case of predominantly right-sided arthrogryposis in an
      infant with contralateral congenital cerebral hypoplasia and associated
      unilateral hydrocephalus. Diagnosis was made by prenatal ultrasonography and
      confirmed by postnatal cerebral CT-scanning. In addition to a variety of
      congenital neuromuscular disorders, arthrogryposis may be caused by disorders of
      the central nervous system. Hence, in the diagnostic approach of newborns with
      congenital contractures, cerebral malformations must be considered.

PMID- 4028587
TI  - Mollaret's meningitis responding to phenylbutazonum. A case report.
AB  - A patient with Mollaret's meningitis is presented, with some unusual features.
      Criteria for the diagnosis are discussed. Many therapies for this recurrent
      aseptic meningitis have been suggested. In our patient there was a good response
      to phenylbutazonum, which to our knowledge has not been reported before.

PMID- 4028588
TI  - Anaerobic meningitis in an infant associated with pilonidal cyst abscess.
AB  - A 5-month-old infant whose infected pilonidal sinus was surgically removed,
      developed meningitis due to Bacteroides fragilis. A similar organism was also
      recovered from the infected pilonidal cyst along with anaerobic Gram positive
      cocci. The patient was treated with intravenous chloramphenicol for 4 weeks and
      recovered without sequela. Attention should be paid to the possibility of
      meningitis due to anaerobes in children with an infected pilonidal sinus.

PMID- 4028589
TI  - Remission of a paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome.
AB  - A case history is reported of spontaneous improvement of a sub-acute
      paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome, that is before treatment of the primary
      (lung) tumour.

PMID- 4028590
TI  - Solitary osteochondroma of spine causing spinal cord compression.
AB  - Three cases of spinal cord compression due to solitary osteochondroma of the
      spine are reported. The rarity and benign nature of the tumour is stressed. Other
      reported cases are reviewed.

PMID- 4028591
TI  - Neuropathy of the ulnar nerve caused by an aneurysm of the ulnar artery at the
      wrist. A case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 4028592
TI  - Livedo racemosa generalisata and stroke.
AB  - The authors describe three young female patients with generalized livedo racemosa
      and cerebral infarction. The radiologic and biopsy findings point to a widespread
      vasculopathy, involving small and mid-sized arteries. The histologic examination
      of the temporal artery biopsy in two patients gives additional evidence for a
      chronic endarteritis as possible underlying cause of this disease entity.

PMID- 4028593
TI  - Percutaneous radiofrequency Gasserian ganglion coagulation in the treatment of
      trigeminal neuralgia.
AB  - Fifty-three patients with trigeminal neuralgia were treated with percutaneous
      radiofrequency Gasserian ganglion coagulation. An individually adjusted degree of
      coagulation was applied. The procedure was successful in 45 patients (85%). The
      median follow-up was two years; only two of the remaining 45 patients had relapse
      of symptoms. Four patients experienced side effects consisting of troublesome
      facial dysaesthesia. Our data indicate that percutaneous radiofrequency
      coagulation of the Gasserian ganglion is a safe and reliable procedure in the
      treatment of medication resistant trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 4028594
TI  - Heart rate variability of chronic alcoholics in withdrawal and abstinence.
AB  - Measurement of heart rate variability was performed in 106 healthy volunteers and
      31 alcoholics. The mean momentary arrhythmia (MMA) of normal individuals showed
      an exponential decrease with increasing age. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy was
      found in 5 of 31 alcoholics. In agreement with the concept of hyperexcitability
      the withdrawing alcoholics had a significant increase in heart rate and decrease
      in MMA compared to later measurements. The result suggests that the diagnosis of
      autonomic alcoholic neuropathy may be reliable only after at least a one week
      period of abstinence from alcohol.

PMID- 4028595
TI  - On the lethality of acute respiratory component of tardive dyskinesia.
AB  - Acute respiratory component of tardive dyskinesia, though reported very
      infrequently, is a potentially lethal condition necessitating urgent
      intervention. Several relevant issues are discussed with an illustrative case
      material. The need to differentiate respiratory dyskinesia from psychogenic
      hyperventilation is emphasized. Use of neuroleptics is discouraged to avoid
      unfavourable long-term outcome.

PMID- 4028596
TI  - Comparison of technetium-99m pyrophosphate and technetium-99m methylene
      diphosphonate with variable amounts of stannous chloride in the detection of
      acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The authors prospectively compared the ability of Tc-99m pyrophosphate (PYP) and
      Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) to detect acute myocardial infarctions. The
      agents used were PYP (12 mg) with 3.4 mg of stannous chloride, MDP (10 mg) with
      1.0 mg of stannous chloride, and MDP (10 mg) with 3.4 mg of stannous chloride.
      Imaging was performed on three consecutive days on 34 patients with proven
      myocardial infarctions, using the same agent on the first and third days of the
      study and an alternate agent on the second day. Agents were assigned randomly to
      each of six groups of patients. First images were obtained an average of 3.7 days
      (range, one to six days) following myocardial infarction. Seventeen of 23
      patients (75%) had images positive for acute myocardial infarction with Tc-99m
      PYP, whereas only two of 21 patients (9.5%) had positive studies with Tc-99m MDP
      with 3.4 mg of stannous chloride and one of 24 patients (4.2%) had positive
      studies with Tc-99m MDP and 1.0 mg of stannous chloride. All three myocardial
      infarctions detected by Tc-99m MDP were extensive and transmural. When MDP and
      PYP were both positive in the same patient, the apparent size of the myocardial
      infarction was much smaller with the MDP. It is concluded that MDP can detect
      only large myocardial infarctions, has poor localization in the infarcted tissue,
      and varying the stannous chloride content of the preparation does not improve the
      ability of MDP to detect acute myocardial infarctions.

PMID- 4028597
TI  - Scintigraphic findings in primary amyloidosis of the heart and stomach.
AB  - The effectiveness of scintigraphic studies in the study of patients with primary
      systemic amyloidosis has not been reported previously. This case report describes
      a patient with the scintigraphic findings of thickened myocardium and delayed
      gastric emptying, which correlated well with the presence of amyloid deposits in
      these organs at autopsy. Additionally, the liver and spleen had normal
      scintigraphic appearances and were free of amyloid at autopsy. Radionuclide
      studies appear useful in assessing the anatomic and physiologic abnormalities
      assessed by amyloid deposition.

PMID- 4028598
TI  - Failure of quality control to detect errors in the preparation of technetium-99m
      disofenin (DISIDA).
AB  - Uptake of Tc-99m disofenin is so strongly hepatobiliary that striking appearance
      of radioactivity in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) is almost certainly
      caused by improper preparation of the disofenin kit. Four patients who received
      injections of Tc-99m disofenin demonstrated a pronounced RES biodistribution in
      addition to the expected hepatobiliary pattern. Since routine quality control
      testing had not forewarned us of this gross lack of radiochemical purity, Tc-99m
      disofenin kits were subjected to a variety of insults to elucidate the mechanisms
      of quality control failure. Assessment of radiochemical purity was conducted
      using instant thin-layer chromatography (ITLC) and two solvent systems. We
      concluded that both Tc-99m pertechnetate and Tc-99m sulfur colloid had been
      injected into the cold disofenin kit. Visual inspections were not reliable for
      verifying the final radiopharmaceutical product because of dilution of the sulfur
      colloid by pertechnetate. ITLC testing failed because the assay method being used
      at that time did not accurately assess the hydrolyzed fraction (colloidal
      component). Recommendations are made to preclude recurrence of the errors that
      occurred.

PMID- 4028599
TI  - A simple data display for qualitative assessment of esophageal transit.
AB  - A simple data processing technique for qualitative assessment of esophageal
      transit is presented and its clinical value is demonstrated.

PMID- 4028600
TI  - A false-negative LeVeen shunt study.
AB  - Previous reports have indicated an accuracy of nearly 100% for LeVeen shunt
      studies. A case is presented that fulfills the criteria for proper function, but
      the LeVeen shunt tube was poorly functioning with its tip partially
      extravascular.

PMID- 4028601
TI  - Indium-111 chloride bone marrow imaging in chronic renal disease.
AB  - Eight patients with anemia and chronic renal disease being maintained by chronic
      hemodialysis were evaluated with In-111 chloride bone marrow imaging and bone
      marrow core biopsies. There was no correlation between the erythrocyte
      cellularity of the marrow and the indium bone marrow scan grade in any patient.
      Bone marrow imaging can not be used as an indicator of the presence of erythroid
      marrow in these patients.

PMID- 4028602
TI  - Perforated duodenal ulcer demonstrated by biliary imaging.

PMID- 4028603
TI  - The "gourd spleen". A positional effect.

PMID- 4028604
TI  - Nonvisualization of spleen following blunt trauma.

PMID- 4028605
TI  - Pedunculated focal nodular hyperplasia.

PMID- 4028606
TI  - Esophageal and other condensed dynamic images.

PMID- 4028607
TI  - Pathophysiology of lower urinary tract dysfunction.

PMID- 4028608
TI  - Genitourinary fistulas: vaginal approach for repair of vesicovaginal fistulas.

PMID- 4028609
TI  - Use of the artificial sphincter in the treatment of urinary incontinence.
AB  - Data analysis of my experience with the implantation of the artificial sphincter
      shows an overall success rate of 84%. These results are in 139 females ranging
      from 5 to 84 years of age. The surgery is difficult primarily because the
      urethral-vaginal septum is not a surgical plane. Even partial injury to these
      tissues can lead to failure with erosion of the device into the urethra or
      vagina. The use of a new surgical instrument, the 'cutter clamp' (Figure 8A-F),
      is expected to improve results because of the precision it offers in dissecting
      around the bladder neck. Infection occurred in four out of 139, or 3% of the
      cases. In one infected case, the cuff eroded into the urethra. The infection rate
      may actually be higher since infection might account for some of the other
      erosions which occurred. Once erosion occurs, secondary infection can obscure the
      fact that the device was contaminated at the time of the original implantation.
      The use of a surgical isolation bubble system may lower both the incidence of
      infection and erosions in the future. The relief to the totally incontinent
      female by the artificial sphincter cannot be overestimated. The patients are very
      grateful, especially since most have undergone multiple treatment methods in an
      effort to cure their incontinence. The effectiveness of the device, barring
      infection or erosion, is evident by a success of 91% of such patients being
      socially continent and 66% being completely dry.

PMID- 4028610
TI  - The unstable bladder.
AB  - The unstable bladder is a common clinical problem of uncertain aetiology. Current
      in vitro studies of unstable human detrusor samples show differences in behaviour
      and response to pharmacological agents from normal detrusor. The fundamental
      urodynamic abnormality is the occurrence of involuntary detrusor contractions
      which cause the cardinal symptom of urgency. The incidence of other symptoms is
      determined by the functional bladder capacity and the patient's ability to resist
      the unstable contractions. Having excluded outflow obstruction as a causative or
      associated factor, empirical treatment may reasonably be started on the basis of
      the findings of a 48-hour voided volume chart, reserving full urodynamic
      investigation for patients who fail to respond to treatment as expected. For
      those with minimal urodynamic dysfunction, bladder drill is the treatment of
      choice; when this fails or is inappropriate, drug treatment with oxybutynin is
      indicated, supplemented by other drugs when appropriate. When these standard
      conservative measures fail, transvesical injection of the pelvic plexuses with
      phenol gives worthwhile results and is a trivial procedure. If this fails, and in
      men in whom the phenol procedure is contraindicated, 'clam' ileocystoplasty is
      usually if not always curative.

PMID- 4028611
TI  - Vaginal prolapse affecting bladder function.
AB  - When pelvic reconstructive surgery is being considered, it is important that the
      presence of cystocele be carefully and accurately assessed preoperatively and
      intraoperatively so that appropriate correction can be achieved. Continence is
      under the influence of urethral tone and the response of the proximal urethra to
      changes in intra-abdominal pressure. Cranial elevation of a rotated
      vesicourethral junction to a normal retropubic position should be provided. Any
      surgical technique that alters the normal axis of the vagina should be
      accompanied by simultaneous obliteration of the cul-de-sac of Douglas to lessen
      the chance of postoperative enterocele and subsequent eversion of the vault of
      the vagina. When massive vaginal eversion causes displacement of the
      vesicourethral junction, a restoration of vaginal depth and axis by post
      hysterectomy transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy with appropriate colporrhaphy
      will relocate a defective urethrovesical site to a higher and retropubic level
      within the pelvis, where the proximal urethra may once again be responsive to
      changes in intra-abdominal pressure.

PMID- 4028612
TI  - Transvaginal needle bladder neck suspension.

PMID- 4028613
TI  - Attention deficit disorder children with or without hyperactivity. Which
      behaviors are helped by stimulants?
AB  - Each patient with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), with or without
      hyperactivity, is unique in the variety and severity of the handicapping
      conditions associated with ADD. The use of a well-designed teacher rating scale
      can provide the clinician with a behavioral profile of each patient. The
      importance of knowing the child's specific problems is emphasized by the results
      of this research, which show that methylphenidate has a major effect in improving
      attention, is helpful in decreasing activity level, but often has only a minor
      effect on deficient social skills and oppositional (aggressive) behavior.

PMID- 4028615
TI  - Age-specific patterns of diagnosis of acute otitis media.
AB  - A retrospective review of clinical experience with the diagnosis of acute otitis
      media (AOM) in a large pediatric population (age, 0-12 years old) reveals two age
      specific patterns of diagnosis: one in preschool children and one in schoolage
      children. In the population as a whole, AOM is diagnosed most frequently in the
      first 5 years of life; rates of diagnosis vary with gender (male: female ratio =
      1.10) and season (fall/winter peak). In a linear regression model, age, gender,
      season, and interactions among these account for 52 percent of the variability in
      diagnostic rates. In children less than 5 years of age, rates of diagnosis vary
      strikingly with gender and season; the regression model accounts for 55 percent
      of observed variability in diagnostic rates. In schoolage children (5-11 years
      old), however, males and females are equally likely to be diagnosed to have AOM,
      and seasonal variability is blunted; among these children, the regression model
      predicts only 22 percent of diagnostic rate variability. These findings buttress
      existing knowledge of the epidemiology of AOM and have important implications for
      clinical practice, health planning, and pediatric research.

PMID- 4028614
TI  - Adverse effects of meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine for sedation in
      pediatric patients.
AB  - A combination of meperidine (M) 25 mg/ml, promethazine (P) 6.5 mg/ml, and
      chlorpromazine (C) 6.5 mg/ml is widely used to produce sedation in pediatric
      patients. A dose of MPC 0.1 ml/kg is recommended for cardiac catheterization, but
      no specific guidelines for dosing or frequency of monitoring have been
      established for patients undergoing other types of procedures. The adverse
      effects of MPC were studied prospectively in 95 patients undergoing various
      procedures. MPC was given parenterally at a dose of 0.07-0.11 ml/kg. Four
      patients developed respiratory depression. In these patients, the lowest
      respiratory rate ranged from 12 to 20 per minute. The lowest pulse rate ranged
      from 92 to 102 per minute. Three patients had received recommended or lower than
      recommended doses of MPC. One who received MPC 0.07 ml/kg developed respiratory
      arrest within 30 minutes; another required naloxone, and all recovered within 10
      hours. These cases suggest the need for frequent monitoring and specific dosing
      guidelines for MPC use in pediatric patients.

PMID- 4028616
TI  - Leg-length inequality in hemophilia. An interesting case report.
AB  - A hemophiliac child with flexion contracture of the knee and symptoms of leg
      length difference was treated with a shoe lift on the affected side, which failed
      to aid the problem. Further investigation revealed that the affected limb was
      actually longer than the contralateral side. The chronic synovitis of the knee
      that had resulted in the contracture also caused supplementary bone growth around
      the distal femoral epiphysis, resulting in the lengthening of that leg.

PMID- 4028617
TI  - Dose-dependent absorption of amoxycillin and bacampicillin.
AB  - The relationship between the relative absorption and increasing oral doses of
      amoxycillin and bacampicillin, a prodrug of ampicillin, was studied testing the
      hypothesis that a saturable transport system for aminopenicillins exists in the
      human gut. Each drug was given in four different doses in a randomized order to
      12 fasting subjects. One group of subjects was given amoxycillin in single doses
      of 375, 750, 1500, and 3000 mg, while the other group received bacampicillin in
      400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg doses. The highest dose was four times larger than
      that normally used in clinical practice. Amoxycillin, and ampicillin generated
      from bacampicillin, were determined in plasma and urine by modern column liquid
      chromatographic methods. With increasing doses of the penicillins, there was a
      saturable increase in peak plasma concentration, plasma AUC, and urinary
      recovery. The mean (+/- SD) AUC values after 750, 1500, and 3000 mg amoxycillin
      were 86% +/- 13%, 70% +/- 16%, and 55% +/- 14% of that expected, when the
      expected ratio of AUC to dose was that of the 375 mg dose, assuming nonsaturable
      absorption. The corresponding AUC values after 800, 1600, and 3200 mg
      bacampicillin were 97% +/- 17%, 89% +/- 19%, and 76% +/- 11% of that expected
      from the results obtained after the 400 mg dose. The importance of dose of either
      drug for AUC and urinary recovery was analyzed according to a function implying
      capacity-limited absorption. The dose-dependency was most pronounced for
      amoxycillin (P less than 0.001). Renal drug clearance was stable within subjects
      throughout the dose range. Our results support the concept of capacity-limited
      absorption of aminopenicillins, probably by carrier-mediated transport. However,
      limited solubility of the compounds, especially of bacampicillin, may be a
      confounding factor.

PMID- 4028618
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of baclofen derived from intestinal infusion.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of baclofen, a centrally acting muscle relaxant, have been
      elucidated in man. The pharmacokinetic disposition was determined form plasma
      concentration-time data and urinary recovery after the administration of rate
      limiting intestinal infusions and an oral bolus dose. Based on comparisons
      between the plasma concentration-time profiles from the intestinal infusions and
      the oral bolus doses, relative regression parameter assignments were made. The
      intestinal absorption of baclofen after intestinal infusion was very rapid, such
      that baclofen disposition was well characterized by an open two-compartment
      pharmacokinetic model with zero-order input. Intravenous administration of
      baclofen was precluded from this study because of the potential for severe
      adverse reactions. The average distribution phase constant (alpha) was 1.29 hours
      1 and the average elimination phase constant (beta) was 0.191 hours-1. Average
      volume of the central compartment (Vc/F), volume of the body compartment
      (Varea/F), systemic clearance (CL/F), and renal clearance were 28.8 L, 59.0 L,
      180 ml/min, and 103 ml/min, respectively. Pharmacokinetics were dose proportional
      in the dose range studied. The use of these pharmacokinetic parameters as
      determined in normal subjects in therapeutic management is particularly relevant,
      because baclofen is targeted to a patient population subject to renal
      dysfunction.

PMID- 4028620
TI  - Circulatory effects of intravenous and oral acebutolol in acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - The hemodynamic dose-response effects of intravenous (25 and 50 mg) and oral (200
      and 400 mg) acebutolol were compared in a randomized between-group study in men
      within 17 hours of an acute uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Six subjects
      were evaluated in each of the four groups. After a 1-hour control period,
      hemodynamic variables and plasma drug concentrations were determined at 15
      (intravenous therapy only), 30, 60, 90, 120, and 240 minutes after dosing. At the
      doses studied, hemodynamic dose-response effects were not evident after either
      intravenous or oral acebutolol. In all groups acebutolol reduced systolic and
      mean systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and stroke volume.
      Pulmonary artery occluded pressure and systemic vascular resistance were
      transiently increased. Maximum changes developed between 15 and 30 minutes after
      intravenous dosing and between 1 and 2 hours after oral dosing. However, there
      were substantial reductions in cardiac output (-0.7 L/min/m2; P less than 0.05)
      by 30 minutes after oral dosing. Effects lasted for 2 hours after intravenous
      dosing and for 4 hours after oral dosing. Our data confirm the hemodynamic safety
      of acebutolol after acute myocardial infarction. The relevance of the time
      dependent hemodynamic differences between intravenous and oral initiation of beta
      blockade to the overall goal of reducing myocardial oxygen requirements after
      acute coronary artery occlusion merits closer examination.

PMID- 4028619
TI  - Sulindac is not renal sparing in man.
AB  - We investigated the claimed renal-sparing effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor
      sulindac. Fifteen normal women following a diet of 50 mEq salt a day were
      randomly assigned to 5 days of either placebo, sulindac, 200 mg b.i.d., or
      indomethacin, 25 mg q.i.d., after first serving as their own controls. Renal
      effects were assessed by the excretion rate of prostaglandin (PG) E2 (an index of
      renal PG synthesis), sodium balance, plasma renin activity (PRA), and the
      response to furosemide. Systemic effects were assessed by collagen-induced
      platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 formation and by the urinary excretion of
      a systemically formed metabolite of PGF2 alpha (PGF-M). Both sulindac and
      indomethacin resulted in a positive sodium balance and a reduction in 24-hour
      urinary PGE2 excretion (range -49% to -86%). Basal PRA was decreased by
      indomethacin only, but the increases in PRA and in urinary PGE2 excretion in
      response to furosemide were inhibited by both sulindac and indomethacin. Sulindac
      reduced the natriuresis induced by furosemide, and indomethacin reduced the rise
      in inulin clearance after furosemide. Thus the two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs had similar effects on the kidney. Indomethacin had a greater effect than
      sulindac on the inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation and
      thromboxane synthesis and the two drugs had equivalent effects on the reduction
      of PGF-M excretion. Peak plasma drug concentration of indomethacin (1.9 +/- 0.4
      microgram/ml) and sulindac sulfide (7.7 +/- 1.9 microgram/ml) were those
      associated with clinical efficacy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028622
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of transdermally delivered clonidine.
AB  - We detail a series of pharmacokinetic investigations to determine the dose
      linearity, the effect of site of application, the duration of steady-state plasma
      concentrations, and the effect of chronic application when clonidine is
      administered transdermally. Dose linearity was assessed in six subjects with
      normotension after application of increasing sizes of transdermal clonidine
      systems (3.5, 7.0, and 10.5 cm2 size) to the upper outer arm. Of the six subjects
      studied, five had linear relationships between clonidine plasma concentrations at
      steady state and system size of greater than 0.975; in the sixth subject the
      correlation was greater than 0.90. The mean steady-state plasma concentrations
      with 3.5, 7.0, and 10.5 cm2 systems were 0.39, 0.84, and 1.12 ng/ml,
      respectively. The influence of site and duration of application on the absorption
      of transdermal clonidine was studied in eight subjects with normotension by use
      of the 3.5 cm2 system. The mean steady-state plasma concentration over the time
      interval from 3 to 7 days after application to the arm or to the chest did not
      significantly differ. When a system was left on the chest or arm for a total of
      11 days (4 days beyond the recommended time to change systems), the plasma
      concentrations of seven of eight subjects with application to the arm and of six
      of eight subjects with application to the chest remained constant through day 11.
      The influence of consecutive applications of 3.5 cm2 transdermal clonidine
      systems on steady-state plasma clonidine concentrations was also studied in eight
      subjects with normotension over an 11-day period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4028621
TI  - Prostaglandins and nicotinate-provoked increase in cutaneous blood flow.
AB  - The mechanism of topically applied methyl nicotinate-induced local cutaneous
      erythema was studied in normal human subjects. Aqueous methyl nicotinate (0, 0.1,
      1.0, 10.0, and 100 mmol/L) was applied to the volar forearms in quadruplicate
      after oral pretreatments with 25 mg doxepin hydrochloride, 600 mg ibuprofen, 50
      mg indomethacin, 975 mg aspirin, and lactose placebo. The cutaneous vascular
      response was monitored by laser Doppler velocimetry. Although doxepin did not
      affect the cutaneous vascular response to methyl nicotinate, indomethacin,
      ibuprofen, and aspirin significantly suppressed the response. Because
      indomethacin, ibuprofen, and aspirin have different chemical structures, the
      common property of inhibition of the response to methyl nicotinate may be
      assigned to their common pharmacologic action, i.e., inhibition of prostaglandin
      bioformation.

PMID- 4028623
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal cefotaxime in chronic
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - We investigated the kinetics of cefotaxime in eight subjects undergoing
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). A single 1 gm iv dose was
      injected and a 1 gm dose was given intraperitoneally in the CAPD fluid during a 4
      hour dwell time. Cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime were assayed by HPLC. After
      intravenous injection the cefotaxime serum kinetic parameters were as follows:
      plasma t 1/2, 2.31 +/- 0.20 hours; volume of distribution, 0.35 +/- 0.04 L/kg;
      total plasma clearance, 118.7 +/- 12.3 ml/min; and peritoneal clearance, 6.7 +/-
      1.3 ml/min. Dialysate cefotaxime concentrations rose rapidly, but only 5% of the
      dose was eliminated by the peritoneal route. After intraperitoneal instillation,
      cefotaxime appeared in the serum rapidly and the peak serum concentrations ranged
      from 9 to 20 micrograms/ml between 1 and 3 hours. The absorption of cefotaxime
      from peritoneal space was 58.7% +/- 5.4%. Data suggest that cefotaxime has
      bidirectional exchange characteristics through the peritoneal membrane.
      Instillation of cefotaxime in CAPD fluid may permit rapid absorption to achieve
      therapeutic serum concentrations.

PMID- 4028624
TI  - A new dosing regimen in renal insufficiency: application to cephalexin.
AB  - We describe a new method of drug dosage adjustment. The method simultaneously
      considers glomerular and tubular functions as parameters, because nonparallel
      decreases in both functions limit the use of the conventional endogenous
      creatinine clearance (CLCR) method for dosage adjustment. In the new method, CLCR
      and the 15-minute phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP15') test were used and applied to
      patients with renal insufficiency with cephalexin (CEX) as a model drug for renal
      tubular secretion. The results clearly demonstrate good control of plasma CEX
      concentrations by the CLCR-PSP15' method, whereas there were marked changes in
      plasma CEX levels with the CLCR method alone. Our method appears to be more
      useful for patients with renal impairment than the conventional CLCR method for
      CEX, which is mainly excreted in urine by renal tubular secretion. A nomogram for
      the CEX dosing interval is proposed for application to clinical practice.

PMID- 4028625
TI  - Influence of transdermal scopolamine on motion sickness during 7 days' exposure
      to heavy seas.
AB  - We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy
      and tolerability of transdermal scopolamine in the prevention of motion sickness
      (MS) aboard a frigate during 7 days of continuously moderate or heavy seas. Forty
      nine healthy sailors with a previous history of MS were randomly assigned to
      receive a transdermal therapeutic system of scopolamine (TTS-S) or transdermal
      placebo (TD-P). Patches were placed behind the ears at least 4 hours before
      departure and were removed 72 hours later. Subjects were observed on days 1 to 4
      and 6. In the TTS-S group, both subjective feeling of MS and the incidence of
      nausea were reduced during the first 2 days. Because of adaptation, differences
      in signs and symptoms of MS between subjects receiving TTS-S and TD-P disappeared
      after the second day. During the first 3 days, vomiting occurred less often in
      the TTS-S group. On day 6, 3 days after removal of the patch, vomiting occurred
      in 23% of the TTS-S group, probably due to delay in adaptation, but none of the
      subjects in the TD-P group vomited. Concentration was not adversely influenced,
      since the ability to work increased in the TTS-S group. During prolonged
      continuous exposure to heavy and moderate seas, 2.5 cm2 TTS-S discs proved to be
      efficacious in preventing MS, with xerostomia as a tolerable side effect and no
      significant ocular side effects.

PMID- 4028626
TI  - Oral triamterene disposition.
AB  - Earlier studies of triamterene (T) disposition in man have reported
      hydroxytriamterene (T-OH) and hydroxytriamterene sulfate (T-O-SO3H) conjugate to
      be the major metabolites. We describe T kinetics through use of an HPLC method
      and confirm that after hydroxylation, T is rapidly converted to T-O-SO3H. The
      intermediate T-OH metabolite could not be detected in urine or plasma. Plasma
      concentrations of T-O-SO3H exceeded those of T by sevenfold to 26-fold, whereas
      concentrations of that metabolite in the urine were fourfold to thirteenfold
      higher than those of the parent. Renal clearance of T was 314.5 +/- 121.6 ml/min,
      exceeding that of the metabolite, which was 206.1 +/- 93.6 ml/min.
      Coadministration of hydrochlorothiazide increased urine flow and urinary pH, but
      it did not affect renal clearance of the parent drug or the metabolite. T
      bioavailability from capsules was poorer and more variable than that from a
      suspension. Hydrochlorothiazide did not influence the bioavailability of T.

PMID- 4028627
TI  - Controlled trial of acifran in type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - The hypolipidemic effects of acifran were evaluated in a randomized, double
      blind, placebo-controlled study of 30 patients with type IIa
      hyperlipoproteinemia. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein values were determined at
      baseline (mean of three values), again after a 2-week single-blind period of
      acifran dosing, and at 2-week intervals during a 10-week period of double-blind
      drug dosing. At week 8, subjects who received the lower dose of acifran (100 mg
      t.i.d.) showed significantly lower levels of total and low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol and triglycerides compared with their baseline levels (P less than
      0.01) or the placebo group (P less than 0.05). At week 12, subjects who received
      the higher dose of acifran (300 mg t.i.d.) had an increase in high-density
      lipoprotein levels of 16% (P less than 0.01) and a decrease in the ratio of low-
      to high-density lipoproteins of 22% compared with their baseline levels (P less
      than 0.01). There were no significant differences in lipid responses between the
      two groups receiving acifran. Transient mild flushing and pruritus were
      experienced by some subjects, but no subject failed to complete the study because
      of drug intolerance or side effects. The safety and efficacy demonstrated in this
      short-term therapeutic trial justify additional long-term studies with acifran.

PMID- 4028628
TI  - Kinetics of cocaine distribution, elimination, and chronotropic effects.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cocaine were studied in five subjects with histories of
      drug abuse who were otherwise healthy. A two-compartment system was used to model
      the distribution kinetics of the drug. The steady-state volume of distribution
      averaged 131.8 L or 1.96 L/kg, elimination clearance was 2.10 L/min, and the t
      1/2 was 48 minutes. Cocaine concentrations in a hypothetic biophase were
      estimated to correlate the chronotropic effects of this drug with its
      pharmacokinetics. The experimentally determined kinetic parameters indicate that
      the peak chronotropic effect would occur 7.3 minutes after intravenous bolus
      injection of cocaine, and that biophase cocaine concentrations would initially
      accelerate the heart rate by 0.3 bpm for each 1 ng/ml. The kinetic analysis also
      demonstrated that the chronotropic effects of cocaine decline more rapidly than
      either plasma levels or biophase concentrations. This progressive attenuation in
      intensity of the chronotropic effect of a given biophase cocaine concentration
      could be modeled as a first-order process and is compatible with either the
      intervention of homeostatic reflex mechanisms or the phenomenon of acute
      tolerance.

PMID- 4028629
TI  - Gastrointestinal absorption as a function of age: xylose absorption in healthy
      adults.
AB  - Xylose oral absorption was examined in 24 healthy male subjects ranging in age
      from 32 to 85 years. Absorption was evaluated from xylose plasma concentration
      time data after administration of a 25 gm po or a 5 gm iv dose. There was no
      relationship between various estimates of the rate of absorption and age. The
      absolute oral bioavailability or the extent of xylose absorption showed no
      relationship to age in our population. In contrast with previous suggestions,
      xylose absorption does not decline with age. General statements of decreased
      gastrointestinal absorption efficiency as a function of age may not be correct.

PMID- 4028630
TI  - Efficacy of clonidine and of methadone in the rapid detoxification of patients
      dependent on heroin.
AB  - The efficacy of a rapid detoxification schedule (8 to 10 days) with clonidine or
      methadone was evaluated in 30 patients addicted to heroin. The dose of study drug
      was preestablished according to the subject's weight and the amount of opioid
      consumption, and the total daily dose was reduced by approximately 15% during the
      study. All subjects completed the detoxification program and stayed in the
      hospital for at least 12 days. Clonidine and methadone therapies proved to be
      highly effective. There was a marked reduction in anxiety during opioid
      detoxification, although subjects' experiences differed according to the drug
      used. On the day of discharge, subjects who had received methadone still had
      attenuated withdrawal symptoms, whereas there were no such symptoms in the
      clonidine group. Muscular aching, flatulence, and daily drowsiness were more
      common among subjects in the methadone group, while subjects in the clonidine
      group had more sleep disturbances and weeping. Syncopal episodes and bradycardia
      occurred more frequently in the clonidine group.

PMID- 4028631
TI  - Lack of interaction between verapamil and cimetidine.
AB  - Nine healthy normal subjects received verapamil, 10 mg iv, before (control) and
      during cimetidine dosing (300 mg every 6 hours), and verapamil, 120 mg po, twice
      in the same manner. After intravenous doses, the t1/2 (means +/- SE: control,
      3.60 +/- 0.40 hours; cimetidine trial, 4.30 +/- 0.60 hours), volume of
      distribution (5.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 6.6 +/- 0.9 L/kg), and total clearance (19.2 +/-
      1.5 vs. 18.4 +/- 1.6 ml/min/kg) did not change during cimetidine dosing. After
      oral doses, the t1/2 (4.25 +/- 0.57 vs. 4.60 +/- 0.70 hours), plasma AUC (585 +/-
      113 vs. 506 +/- 82 ng/ml X hr) and absolute bioavailability (35% +/- 7% vs. 30%
      +/- 5%) did not differ between control and cimetidine trials, respectively. Five
      of the subjects also received lidocaine, 25 mg iv, once in the control state and
      once during the cimetidine regimen described above. Lidocaine clearance fell (665
      +/- 216 vs. 527 +/- 134 ml/min; P less than 0.05) during cimetidine therapy,
      resulting in a trend toward a longer t1/2 (1.81 +/- 0.41 vs. 2.44 +/- 0.42 hours;
      0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05) with no change in volume of distribution
      (1.77 +/- 0.66 vs. 1.99 +/- 0.81 L/kg). Verapamil pharmacodynamics (ECG PR
      interval, blood pressure, and heart rate) were evaluated after intravenous doses.
      A decrease in mean arterial pressure (8 +/- 1 vs. 9 +/- 2 mm Hg) and a reflex
      increase in heart rate (14 +/- 3 vs. 17 +/- 2 bpm) were no different in the
      control and cimetidine trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028633
TI  - Conceptual model for allocation and rationing physical health services to
      Colorado's medically indigent.

PMID- 4028634
TI  - Conceptual model for allocation and rationing physical health services to
      Colorado's medically indigent. Part Two: Facts and assumptions/goals and
      objectives.

PMID- 4028632
TI  - Lack of effect of oral activated charcoal on imipramine clearance.
AB  - The effect of oral activated charcoal on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous
      imipramine was studied in a randomized, crossover trial. Four normal men received
      intravenous imipramine (12.5 mg/70 kg) on two separate occasions, followed by
      either water or water plus high-surface-area activated charcoal (180 gm) in
      divided doses over 24 hours. Serum imipramine concentrations were measured from 0
      to 24 hours after the imipramine infusion. There was no difference in the mean
      (+/- SE) t1/2 (9.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 10.9 +/- 1.6 hours), apparent volume of
      distribution (11.2 +/- 2.1 vs. 12.4 +/- 2.1 L/kg), or systemic clearance (992.2
      +/- 138.3 vs. 930.3 +/- 101.9 ml/min/70 kg) of imipramine after dosing without
      and with oral activated charcoal, respectively (P greater than 0.05; paired t
      test). These results suggest that multiple oral doses of activated charcoal do
      not increase the clearance of imipramine in man.

PMID- 4028636
TI  - Biochemistry of exercise. 6th international symposium, June 12-15th, 1985
      Copenhagen, Denmark. Abstracts.

PMID- 4028637
TI  - [Neuroses and their socio-cultural aspects. Therapeutic prospects].

PMID- 4028635
TI  - How to draw up your living will.

PMID- 4028638
TI  - [Efficacy and tolerability of a new chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of
      recurrent chronic bronchitis: xibornol].

PMID- 4028639
TI  - [Efficacy of treatment with hydroalcoholic solutions of nifedipine in various
      cardiovascular emergencies].

PMID- 4028640
TI  - [Malabsorption syndrome secondary to celiac disease in an adult. Presentation of
      a case].

PMID- 4028641
TI  - [Medical therapy of gastric carcinoma].

PMID- 4028642
TI  - [The laser in medicine: an instrument of precision and great versatility].

PMID- 4028643
TI  - [From information to meaning: its features and clinical methodology].

PMID- 4028644
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome: therapeutic considerations].

PMID- 4028645
TI  - [Calcitonin in the treatment of algodystrophic syndromes].

PMID- 4028646
TI  - [Pregnancy in the patient under chronic hemodialysis treatment. Our clinical
      experience].

PMID- 4028647
TI  - [Evaluation of the hypotensive efficacy in a double-blind study of xipamide
      versus chlorthalidone].

PMID- 4028648
TI  - [Unusual development of visceral leishmaniasis. Considerations apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 4028649
TI  - [Sleep].

PMID- 4028650
TI  - [Rehabilitation of stage II peripheral arteriopathies].

PMID- 4028652
TI  - [Effects of the administration of exogenous calcitonin in dialysis patients.
      Preliminary study].

PMID- 4028651
TI  - [Evaluation of the symptomatic clinical efficacy of ranitidine in benign
      gastroduodenal pathology].

PMID- 4028653
TI  - [Effects of D(+)-bis-(N-pantothenyl-amidoethyl)-disulphur on the blood lipid
      profile and apoproteins A and B levels].

PMID- 4028654
TI  - [Current methods in the medico-legal verification of acoustic injuries].

PMID- 4028655
TI  - [Diagnostic and etiopathogenetic aspects of dilated cardiomyopathy. Discussion of
      a case].

PMID- 4028656
TI  - Symposium on body fluid analysis.

PMID- 4028657
TI  - Approach to the analysis of body fluids for the detection of infection.
AB  - Sterile body fluids represent an important source for the diagnosis of infectious
      diseases because they can be sampled by sterile methods that bypass the normal
      bacterial flora so heavily colonizing the body surface. Thus when these specimens
      are received, full advantage should be taken to perform complete microscopic and
      cultural tests for viral, bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, and parasitic
      diseases. In many cases the evaluation can be tailored to the types of organisms
      that are likely to infect particular body cavities. Ideally, the workup could
      also be based on the history, clinical presentation, and preliminary examination
      of the patient, but under most circumstances it may be more appropriate for the
      laboratory to proceed with a more complete workup of these vital specimens than
      physicians request. Specimens should be transported promptly to the laboratory
      and should be viewed quickly by Gram's or acridine orange stain and, in selected
      situations, also by acid-fast stain, direct fluorescence for legionellosis, and
      direct wet mount for parasites. Results of these studies should be called in
      without delay to the responsible physician. Cultures should also be inoculated as
      soon as possible. Nonspecific tests, including the cell count and protein,
      glucose, lactic acid, and LDH levels, may provide valuable clues to the presence
      of infection. Direct antigen detection does not replace traditional microscopic
      and cultural evaluation of these specimens but may have supplemental value.

PMID- 4028658
TI  - The identification of fungal casts. A new method for diagnosing visceral
      candidiasis.
AB  - Visceral candidiasis is a potentially life-threatening infection that is
      difficult to diagnose clinically. Existing laboratory methods do not adequately
      distinguish visceral candidiasis from extensive candidal infections of mucosal
      surfaces. A new laboratory method, the detection of fungal casts in urine
      sediment, permits the unequivocal diagnosis of renal candidiasis. Since the
      severity of renal candidiasis varies, the clinical significance attributed to the
      identification of fungal casts in the urine must be based upon a complete
      assessment of the patient. The ultimate utility of the fungal cast method will
      depend upon the incidence with which fungal casts can be identified in the urine
      of patients with renal candidiasis. At present, this incidence is unknown.
      However, the method has been clinically useful in a number of specific cases and
      should not be overlooked in evaluating patients with candiduria in whom the
      diagnosis of visceral candidiasis is suspected but not confirmed.

PMID- 4028659
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis of male infertility.
AB  - Male infertility is best tested by determining the ability of sperm to reach the
      site of fertilization by semen analysis and by mucus-sperm interaction tests, and
      by determining the ability of the sperm to enter the egg by the hamster egg-human
      sperm penetration assay. If conducted in a careful fashion, the tests provide
      useful information for preparing a treatment plan.

PMID- 4028660
TI  - Cell wall deficient organisms--the Microbial Chameleons Seminar presented at the
      84th annual meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. St. Louis,
      Missouri, March 6, 1984.

PMID- 4028661
TI  - Mycoplasmas as a tool for membrane research.

PMID- 4028662
TI  - Evidence for the bacterial origin of Acholeplasma laidlawii A.
AB  - L-forms from a Corynebacterium were induced in hyperosmolar media and gradually
      adapted to normal osmolarity over a period of two years. During this adaptation
      several morphologic L-form variants derived from the L-form cultures and were
      serologically identified as Acholeplasma laidlawii A. The possibility that the
      bacterial and L-form cultures were contaminated with acholeplasmas was carefully
      investigated; this was determined not to be the case. Membrane protein gel
      electrophoresis patterns of these L-form variants were identical to the ATCC A.
      laidlawii strain PG-8. Acholeplasma phage MVL-1 displayed no affinity for these L
      form variants. Phage MVL-2 showed low affinity, but after virus enhancement in
      the specific host, high plaquing efficiency ensued. DNA hybridization experiments
      showed a high level of nucleotide sequence homology (greater than 90%) between
      the L-form-derived variants and PG-8. The homology between the diphtheroid L
      forms and the PG-8 strain was 16.4% with te50 values of 86%; this indicates
      strong base pairing homology. These findings suggest that the L-form variants are
      acholeplasmas and that they are biologically and genetically related to the
      Corynebacterium L-forms.

PMID- 4028663
TI  - Ureaplasma urealyticum: subcultures invalid for antibiotic susceptibility tests.
AB  - We tested the antibiotic susceptibilities of 100 Ureaplasma urealyticum strains
      from 99 patients using a broth-disk method and two types of inocula: urine
      sediments and overnight broth subcultures of the sediments. Of the 100 ureaplasma
      positive urine sediments tested, nine (9%) of the ureaplasmas were found
      resistant to all four tetracyclines. When overnight broth cultures were used as
      the inoculum, 54 (54%) were found to be resistant to all four tetracyclines, an
      increase in resistance of 45 (45%). Thirty-seven susceptible strains remained
      susceptible upon subculture. The nine resistant strains remained resistant. Loss
      of susceptibility was not related to the pH or titer of ureaplasmas in the urine
      sediment inoculum but was related to the pH and titers when subcultures were used
      as the inoculum. Results of cultures following treatment, available for 53
      patients, showed that treatment successes and treatment failures were
      significantly related to antibiotic susceptibility tests done with urine
      sediments but not to those done with broth subcultures as the inocula. Because
      reliable susceptibility testing is essential for appropriate therapy for U.
      urealyticum infections, all factors influencing this test need to be recognized
      and defined.

PMID- 4028664
TI  - Peritonitis involving Capnocytophaga ochracea.
AB  - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, due to Capnocytophaga ochracea, developed in a
      65-year-old alcoholic patient with extensive cirrhosis and ascites. Previously
      reported human infections with this organism have included peridontal diseases,
      septicemia, and arthritis. This is the first report of spontaneous bacterial
      peritonitis associated with Capnocytophaga species.

PMID- 4028665
TI  - Isospora infection in a homosexual man.
AB  - A case of Isospora belli in a homosexual male is described. The procedures used
      for recovery and staining the cyst stages of Isospora are included.

PMID- 4028666
TI  - A plea for the preservation of opportunistic fungal isolates.

PMID- 4028667
TI  - Community-wide surveillance of Campylobacter jejuni infection. Evaluation of a
      laboratory-based method.
AB  - Surveillance of infections due to Campylobacter jejuni is needed to further
      define the epidemiology of this disease in the U.S. We assessed one potential
      method of community-wide surveillance, a laboratory-based reporting network. Six
      microbiology laboratories that routinely culture fecal specimens for C. jejuni
      reported all isolates to Seattle-King County Health Department for an 18-month
      period. Further investigations on 476 cases reported from this broadly based
      network revealed that C. jejuni enteritis affected primarily children and young
      adults, occurred sporadically (with a summer-fall predominance), led to
      hospitalization in 13% of cases, was found negligibly in patients hospitalized or
      immunocompromised, and produced no fatalities. Comparative statistics showed that
      C. jejuni was reported more frequently than Salmonella and Shigella combined in
      individuals served by reporting laboratories. Because one participating
      laboratory was that of a 280,000-member health maintenance organization, it was
      possible to calculate age-specific incidence rates for bacterial enteric
      infections in that population. C. jejuni and Salmonella had high attack rates
      among 0-4 year-old children: 184 cases/100,000 enrollees per year and 126/100,000
      per year, respectively. C. jejuni showed another peak at 20-29 years (108/100,000
      per year) that was absent in salmonellosis. This study demonstrates that a
      laboratory-based reporting system is a feasible approach to community-wide C.
      jejuni surveillance.

PMID- 4028668
TI  - Staphylococci, in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Strains of Staphylococcus aureus were grown in broth and by the membrane
      technique; both drug-free media and media containing cloxacillin were used. The
      staphylococci grown in broth containing cloxacillin showed one thick cross wall
      and were larger than those grown in drug-free broth: 1.6 micron in diameter as
      opposed to 0.9 micron. The staphylococci grown on membranes placed on agar
      containing cloxacillin were 2-3 microns in diameter and contained three or more
      cross walls. Mice were infected intraperitoneally with staphylococci. After
      treatment with cloxacillin, the peritoneal fluid and spleens contained
      staphylococci that were 2-3 microns in diameter with three or more cross walls. A
      staphylococcal endocarditis was induced in rabbits that were then treated with
      cloxacillin. The staphylococci in the vegetation of the treated rabbits were 2-3
      microns in diameter and contained multiple cross walls. Large staphylococci with
      multiple cross walls were observed in specimens from patients with respiratory
      infections treated with beta-lactam antibiotics. It appears, therefore, that the
      ultrastructure of staphylococci in vivo is comparable to that of staphylococci
      grown on a solid support medium such as a membrane, and different from that of
      staphylococci grown in a liquid medium.

PMID- 4028669
TI  - Rupture of vascular prosthesis in a patient with Yersinia enterocolitica
      bacteremia.
AB  - A case of bacteremia caused by Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3, biotype 4, is
      described in a 79-year-old man with an aortic bifurcation prosthesis. He died, in
      spite of antibiotics, from massive intraabdominal bleeding at the infected suture
      site. Yersinia, like Salmonella, seems to have a special affinity for damaged
      endovascular tissue, although more observations will be needed to support this
      hypothesis.

PMID- 4028670
TI  - Classification of depression.

PMID- 4028671
TI  - Decision making in the treatment of depression by family medicine physicians.

PMID- 4028672
TI  - The diagnosis of multiple personality syndromes: overt, covert, and latent.

PMID- 4028673
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric emergencies.
AB  - Although the majority of psychiatric patients present to the ER in chronic
      crisis, the clinician should also be familiar with the assessment and management
      of acute emergencies. Because emergency patients reflect the entire spectrum of
      psychiatric psychopathology, the primary care physician should consult with a
      mental health clinician whenever possible. Following a medical model, a thorough
      diagnostic evaluation should be completed and specific treatment initiated. Most
      often, the treatment consists of some combination of psychological,
      pharmacologic, and physical approaches.

PMID- 4028674
TI  - The Agent Orange controversy in Australia: a contribution to the debate.

PMID- 4028675
TI  - The feasibility of ascertaining exposure to pesticides by self report in
      Australian Vietnam veterans.

PMID- 4028676
TI  - Behaviourally-based principles as guidelines for health promotion.

PMID- 4028677
TI  - Setting occupational health standards in Australia: the case of screen-based
      equipment operators' eyesight tests.

PMID- 4028678
TI  - The weight of knowledge: teachers and students and doctors and patients.

PMID- 4028679
TI  - 'Does the mode matter?'--A comparison of three modes of questionnaire completion.

PMID- 4028680
TI  - Social status and morbidity in Australia.

PMID- 4028681
TI  - Evidence for a rate-limiting role of cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity in
      taurine biosynthesis in vivo.
AB  - The relationship between activities of enzymes involved in cysteine oxidation and
      the apparent conversion of cysteine to taurine in vivo were investigated in the
      rat and cat. Both hepatic cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity and the
      oxidation in vivo of cysteine to taurine were lower in the kitten than in the
      adult female rat and lower in the latter than in the young male rat. Our data
      support the hypothesis that cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase plays a rate-limiting
      role in taurine biosynthesis.

PMID- 4028682
TI  - Erythrocyte acid phosphatase: species specificity in activity modulation by
      purine analogs.
AB  - The previous studies of the interaction of purine analogs and human erythrocyte
      acid phosphatase isozymes were extended to include erythrocyte acid phosphatase
      from seven other species. Consistent responses, similar to the observations with
      the several genotypically different human isozymes, were observed. The isozyme
      from chimpanzee erythrocytes was similar to the human B-type isozyme while the
      baboon and cow isozymes were at the other extreme in responsiveness and were more
      divergent from the B-isozyme than was the human A-type isozyme. The ACP from
      rabbit, dog, sheep and rhesus erythrocytes exhibited intermediate levels of
      responsiveness but did differ from the human A-type isozyme. Additional studies
      indicated some differences between the responsiveness of the partially purified
      erythrocyte enzyme and the low molecular weight ACP from liver.

PMID- 4028684
TI  - Hybrid protein synthetic systems: components required to confer poikilothermy to
      the mammal.
AB  - Temperature dependency of homologous and heterologous protein synthetic cell-free
      systems reveals characteristic homeotherm and poikilotherm behavior depending on
      the source of the enzyme elongation factor 1 and not on any other protein
      synthetic components. The results for rat and Antarctic fish, when compared with
      previous studies in eurythermal fish and mammals provide the explanation for the
      phenomenon of true hibernation in animals such as ground squirrels and
      woodchucks. The killing of these rare animals can now be stopped by granting
      agencies that support hibernation research. Comparison of temperature effects on
      laboratory rats and wild rats indicate a need for wild rat research directed
      toward eradication of these pests in cities. Suggestions are made for this
      purpose.

PMID- 4028683
TI  - Inhibition by potential metabolic inhibitors of in vitro adipose tissue
      lipogenesis.
AB  - To study the pathway of lactate utilization as a carbon source for fatty acid
      synthesis, the effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate, agaric acid, sodium oxamate, 2-n
      butyl malonate and alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate on the rate of in vitro
      conversion of lactate, acetate and glucose to fatty acids was measured in bovine
      and rat adipose tissues. Sodium oxamate and hydroxycitrate caused less fatty acid
      to be synthesized from lactate in bovine adipose tissue. Hydroxycitrate depressed
      fatty acid synthesis from glucose in rat adipose tissue. alpha-Cyano-4
      hydroxycinnamate was an effective inhibitor of lipogenesis from all substrates
      and may act as a specific inhibitor in adipose tissue. Although the inhibitors
      were absorbed poorly into adipocytes, the results indicate that conversion of
      lactate to fatty acids probably occurs by way of the citrate cleavage pathway.

PMID- 4028685
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes and allozymes of the nine-spined stickleback
      Pungitius pungitius (L.) (Osteichthyes: Gasterosteidae).
AB  - Zymograms indicate the existence of three loci coding for lactate dehydrogenase
      in the nine-spined stickleback Pungitius pungitius. The skeletal muscle locus is
      polymorphic for two codominant alleles: Ldh-A(100). and Ldh-A(140). Differences
      in allele frequencies among nine samples, obtained from eight geographically
      isolated populations, proved not significant in 28/36 pairwise comparisons. The
      frequency of Ldh-A(100) varied from 0.426 to 0.715. Significant differences in
      apparent Km (pyruvate) values were found among the LDH-A allozymes suggesting a
      functional basis for the selective maintenance of this polymorphism.

PMID- 4028686
TI  - Study on a special binding phenomenon of biliverdin in the blood of the eel,
      Anguilla japonica.
AB  - Biliverdin is bound firmly with a plasma protein in the blood of the eel,
      Anguilla japonica. The firm binding, although likely noncovalent, could be formed
      only in vivo under the experimental conditions. Characterization of the carrier
      protein indicated that it is a serum albumin. A similar phenomenon is not
      detectable in ten other fish species examined in this study.

PMID- 4028687
TI  - Cytoplasmic NADP-linked dehydrogenase activities in avian tissues.
AB  - Cytoplasmic activities of NADP-linked malic enzyme (E.C. 1.1.1.40), glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.49) and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase
      (E.C. 1.1.1.42) were determined in tissues of selected avian species, and
      compared with those in mammals. Malic enzyme was generally more active in avian
      liver and kidney than in the corresponding mammalian tissues. Hepatic activities
      as high as 200 units/g wet wt and 100 units/g wet wt were recorded in the
      Nectariniidae and the Ploceidae respectively. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      was generally less active in avian tissues than malic enzyme. In passerine birds
      activities were very low indeed, and in most cases spectrophotometrically
      undetectable. Malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were highly
      active in the adipose tissue of mammals but were inactive in the adipose tissue
      of birds. Marked increases in hepatic malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activities were associated in birds with premigratory fattening.
      Activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase were comparable in the corresponding avian
      and mammalian tissues, including adipose tissue.

PMID- 4028688
TI  - Alterations in rat lipid metabolism following ecdysterone treatment.
AB  - The influence of ecdysterone on the lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue
      from rat was investigated using 14C-acetate and 32P-orthophosphate as precursors.
      Ecdysterone produced an increase in 14C-acetate incorporation into triglycerides.
      A concomitant decrease in free fatty acids and diglycerides was observed. The
      effect of ecdysterone on triglyceride lipase activity was investigated and a
      significant decrease was found. Ecdysterone produced a significant increase in
      the specific activity of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in
      liver. On the contrary, the specific activity of phosphatidylcholine was reduced.
      In adipose tissue, the most evident effect observed was the increase of specific
      activity of phosphatidylcholine. These results contribute to knowledge of the
      heterophylic action of ecdysterone.

PMID- 4028689
TI  - Quantification of unscheduled DNA synthesis in mononuclear leukocytes of the
      horse.
AB  - This study compares the relationship between N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA
      AAF) and u.v. induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and their respective
      relationships to age and blood pressure in horse mononuclear leukocytes with
      earlier, similar investigations on human leukocytes. U.v. induced UDS was found
      to proceed more rapidly than NA-AAF induced UDS. A pronounced lag period
      associated with the rapid demand for 3H-dThd into DNA after u.v. damage was
      observed. NA-AAF induced UDS correlated significantly with NA-AAF binding, age
      and the blood pressure of male horses. UDS values, induced by either method, were
      about half the level calculated for human leukocytes.

PMID- 4028690
TI  - Microprocessor-based system for on-line analysis of respiratory responses to
      exercise.
AB  - A microprocessor-based system was developed for the measurement and on-line
      calculation of values and derivatives of expiratory variables and their response
      to exercise. The system accepts analog signals from gas analysers, ECG electrodes
      and flow transducer, digitizes these signals, calculates values of required
      parameters and presents results on a video display. The system offers the user
      various options of logging and data processing. Plots of the values of calculated
      parameters versus exercise time and correlation between variables can be easily
      produced by the system. A mass storage unit was available with the system to
      enable the storage of calculated variables for off-line analysis. Hardcopy of
      displayed results and plots can be provided by the system.

PMID- 4028692
TI  - Classification of depression.

PMID- 4028691
TI  - Delusional parasitosis and physical disease.

PMID- 4028693
TI  - Psychiatric diagnosis and competency to stand trial.

PMID- 4028694
TI  - A review of the research on conjugal bereavement: impact on health and efficacy
      of intervention.

PMID- 4028696
TI  - Stress, coping resources and psychiatric disorders: alternative paradigms from a
      life cycle perspective.

PMID- 4028695
TI  - 14-year follow-up of borderline and schizotypal personality disorders.

PMID- 4028697
TI  - Episodic behavioral disorders and limbic ictus.

PMID- 4028698
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy and the elderly.

PMID- 4028699
TI  - Contact dermatitis in Nigeria.
AB  - Nickel is the most important sensitizer in Lagos, with an incidence of 12.3% of
      453 patients tested. There was no sex difference, as the wearing of necklaces and
      bracelets was equally fashionable among both sexes. Housewife eczema is not
      common, probably because of hardening. Dermatitis from additives in the
      processing of leather and rubber footwear was the next most common. Chromate
      sensitivity comes usually from leather or cement. Cultural and climatic factors
      are mainly responsible for differences in the incidence of contact dermatitis
      found in Lagos from other countries.

PMID- 4028700
TI  - Nickel penetration in allergic individuals: bioavailability versus X-ray
      microanalysis detection.
AB  - Development of local allergic reactions after different application times with
      Finn Chambers was recorded in 34 nickel-sensitive patients. Biologically
      significant amounts of nickel seemed to penetrate the skin within a few hours,
      although physical penetration was minimal. Nickel was detected only in the upper
      keratin cell layer with an X-ray microanalysis method.

PMID- 4028701
TI  - Experimental nickel sensitization in the guinea pig: comparison of different
      protocols.
AB  - 3 different sensitization protocols were compared for inducing delayed-type
      nickel contact hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. Open epicutaneous sensitization
      (OE) induced nickel allergy in 11/22 (50%) guinea pigs. When intradermal
      injections of Freund's complete adjuvant into the nickel-painted skin was added
      to the same protocol, 4/13 (31%) became sensitized. The guinea pig maximization
      protocol induced nickel allergy in only 7/31 (23%) of the animals. Compared with
      the 2 other methods, animals sensitized with open epicutaneous applications
      reacted more rapidly (maximum at 6 h) and strongly (2+ reaction in 12/22 of
      animals) in previous patch test sites upon systemic (i.p.) nickel challenge. Open
      epicutaneous sensitization of guinea pigs should be a useful model for studying
      cellular and immunological mechanisms in nickel contact sensitivity.

PMID- 4028702
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis to some medicaments.
AB  - Over the years, changes have had to be made in the list of topical drugs most
      frequently responsible for allergic contact dermatitis. The 4 most common
      sensitizers in Italy in the past have been penicillin, sulfonamide, promethazine
      and neomycin. Now the list is headed by neomycin, benzocaine and ethylenediamine.
      Antihistamines and parabens are less frequently observed as sensitizers. The
      increasing topical use of new drugs and additives, as well as older sensitizers,
      produces reactions to other substances, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      agents, some antimycotic drugs, propylene glycol and benzoyl peroxide.

PMID- 4028703
TI  - Reduction of intake of balsams in patients sensitive to balsam of Peru.
AB  - 64 patients participated in this study. 24 were patients who had positive patch
      tests to balsam of Peru. The dermatitis of 9 of the patients had flared after
      open oral challenge with balsam of Peru, and the dermatitis of 31 patients had
      flared after double-blind oral challenge. All 64 patients were asked to avoid
      food items suspected of containing balsams for 1 to 2 months. At the end of that
      time, an evaluation of the diet trial was made; the dermatitis of 37 had cleared
      or improved markedly. If an improvement had taken place, the patient was asked to
      continue to diet moderately. 6 months to 3 years after the diet was initiated, a
      questionnaire was mailed to those patients whose dermatitis had improved after
      the first trial. The patients were asked to evaluate the long-term benefit of
      following the diet. 30 felt there was a long-term effect, and 27 still followed
      the diet instructions to some degree.

PMID- 4028704
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis to epoxy resin in infusion sets of an insulin pump.

PMID- 4028705
TI  - Ginkgo tree dermatitis.

PMID- 4028706
TI  - Contact urticaria to DNCB.

PMID- 4028707
TI  - Contact dermatitis from ibuprofen.

PMID- 4028708
TI  - Anesthetic considerations for geriatric patients.

PMID- 4028709
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysm resection: a ten-year community hospital experience.

PMID- 4028710
TI  - Neuromuscular and mental manifestations of hyperparathyroidism in the elderly.

PMID- 4028711
TI  - Practice variations in the provision of health care services. American Medical
      Association.

PMID- 4028712
TI  - Consensus development summaries. Travelers' diarrhea. National Institutes of
      Health.

PMID- 4028713
TI  - Recent trends in medical professional liability. AMA Center for Health Policy
      Research.

PMID- 4028714
TI  - A medical helicopter transportation system for Connecticut.

PMID- 4028715
TI  - Bilateral postpartum femoral neuropathy.

PMID- 4028716
TI  - Continuous passive motion (C.P.M.) following total knee replacement.

PMID- 4028717
TI  - Why adolescent medicine? More illustrative cases.

PMID- 4028718
TI  - Reflections on medicine. Rights and obligations.

PMID- 4028719
TI  - Decisions at the end of life: the legacy of Karen Ann Quinlan.

PMID- 4028720
TI  - Immune complexes and human cancer.

PMID- 4028721
TI  - Immune complexes in patients bearing solid tumors.

PMID- 4028722
TI  - Suppression of leukocytosis by the intrauterine delivery of high doses of
      indomethacin in the rat.
AB  - Studies were undertaken in rats to determine the intrauterine rate of release of
      high doses of indomethacin incorporated into Silastic rods. It was found that at
      a 28% w/w loading an 1X0.1 cm rod would exponentially deliver the drug at an
      average of 35 micrograms/day for the first 2 weeks; by 70 days the rate had
      declined to 6.5 microgram/day. After being present for 31 days, these types of
      medicated rods were found to reduce the numbers of luminal leukocytes when
      compared with the numbers obtained from uterine horns containing plain, non
      medicated rods. Despite the reduction in leukocytosis, implantation was prevented
      by the high dose of indomethacin.

PMID- 4028724
TI  - Post-abortion insertion of MLCu 250 and MLCu 375--a comparative trial.
AB  - This randomized prospective trial compared the use effectiveness and side effects
      of the MLCu 250 and MLCu 375 inserted immediately post-abortion. Five-hundred-and
      forty-nine patients were followed-up over a two-year period involving 9890 woman
      months of use with a loss to follow-up rate of only 5.1%. Both IUDs gave good
      protection against pregnancy (gross rates at 24 months, 1.8 and 2.1). There were
      no significant differences between the two devices in pregnancies or other
      termination events.

PMID- 4028723
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations with monthly injectable
      contraceptive preparations.
AB  - Eight normally menstruating women received Cycloprovera (25 mg
      medroxyprogesterone acetate with 5 mg estradiol cypionate) and seven other
      volunteers received HRP-102 (50 mg norethisterone enanthate with 5 mg estradiol
      valerate) injections at 30-day intervals for three consecutive months. The
      peripheral plasma levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (PROG),
      medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and norethisterone (NET) were measured in the
      luteal phase of a pretreatment cycle, during the third treatment month and during
      a subsequent recovery period of 60 days. Blood samples were drawn three times a
      week (Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays) and endometrial biopsies were taken on day
      20 to 26 of the pretreatment cycle, 20 to 24 days after the last injection and 20
      to 24 days after the first normal menstrual-like bleeding during the recovery
      period. The (geometric) mean maximum level of MPA was 2.9 (2.4-3.7) nmol/1 and
      that of NET 10.1 (6.4-15.8) nmol/l. Thirty days after the last injection, the MPA
      level was 0.72 (0.46-1.1) nmol/l and that of NET 1.7 (1.2-2.3) nmol/l. The
      maximum level of exogenous E2 was 890 (700-1130) pmol/l after Cycloprovera and
      1570 (870-2820) pmol/l after HRP-102 administration. Forty-nine and 41 days,
      respectively, after the last injection, a broad (endogenous) E2 peak was observed
      in all subjects, which was not followed by an ovulatory rise in PROG levels. The
      first ovulatory rise in PROG occurred between 71 and 90 days after the last
      Cycloprovera and 59 to 87 days after the last HRP-102 injection. One subject in
      each of the two groups failed to ovulate during the 90-day post injection period.
      Dating and morphometric analysis of the endometrial biopsy specimens obtained 20
      to 24 days after the last injection revealed that the suppressive effect of
      Cycloprovera was stronger than that of HRP-102. Each injection of both
      formulations was followed by a bleeding-free period of approximately two weeks.
      The percentage of days with bleeding and spotting was 24% for Cycloprovera and
      29% for HRP-102. It is concluded, that both monthly injectables inhibit follicle
      maturation for some 30 days and ovulation and corpus luteum formation for some 60
      days, providing thus a considerable margin of safety in terms of the expected
      duration of contraceptive protection.

PMID- 4028725
TI  - The zoapatle. VII. Antiimplantation effect in the rat of zoapatle aqueous crude
      extract (ZACE) from Montanoa tomentosa and Montanoa frutescens.
AB  - Intrauterine administration of zoapatle aqueous crude extract (ZACE) from
      Montanoa frutescens on the fourth day of rat pregnancy, at concentrations
      equivalent to 50 mg and 5 mg of dry leaves, was associated with total inhibition
      of implantation sites. On the other hand, ZACE from Montanoa tomentosa equivalent
      to 50 and/or 100 mg of dry leaves, prepared and administered in the same fashion,
      did not inhibit the number of implants by day 11 of pregnancy. However, most
      implants were found abnormal, of blue color, poor orientation or spacing; these
      morphological changes could be considered as reabsorption sites.

PMID- 4028726
TI  - The zoapatle. VIII. Ultrastructural changes in endometrium of rats.
AB  - Intrauterine administration of Zoapatle aqueous crude extract (ZACE) prepared
      from Montanoa tomentosa s.s.p. tomentosa, on day 4 of pregnancy, did not alter
      the normal uterine morphological changes by days 5 and 8 of pregnancy in the rat.
      On the other hand, ZACE made from Montanoa frutescens caused profound alterations
      on the uterine structures, such as: focal loss of epithelial lining, thickened
      blood vessels and alterations in stroma cells in rat endometrium. Morphological
      alterations correlate well with the antiimplantation effect associated with the
      intrauterine administration of these plant extracts. Scanning electron
      micrographs of leaves from Montanoa tomentosa and Montanoa frutescens revealed
      striking differences in glandular secretion and trichomes.

PMID- 4028727
TI  - The zoapatle. IX. In vitro effect of Montanoa tomentosa and Montanoa frutescens
      upon human sperm and red cells.
AB  - The effect of zoapatle aqueous crude extract (ZACE) was further studied and
      partially characterized upon human and rabbit spermatozoa. ZACE prepared from
      Montanoa tomentosa s.s.p tomentosa did not influence sperm motility or viability
      in a wide range of ZACE concentrations tested; on the other hand, ZACE prepared
      from Montanoa frutescens had immediate and constant inhibitory effect upon
      motility and decreased cell viability. Red cell lysis was readily observed with
      ZACE-frutescens, but not with ZACE-tomentosa. The effect of time on ZACE
      frutescens potency for inducing red cell lysis was observed.

PMID- 4028728
TI  - Insertion technique, not design, affects expulsion rates of postpartum
      intrauterine devices.

PMID- 4028729
TI  - Long-term follow-up of pulmonary hypertension in patients with and without
      anorectic drug intake.
AB  - Over a period of up to 18 years, 24 patients (mean age: 33.8 years) with primary
      vascular pulmonary hypertension (PVPH) of unknown aetiology (group A) and 18
      subjects (mean age: 45.3 years) with PVPH due to anorectic drug intake (group B)
      were comparatively studied. The following main tendencies became apparent: 1) The
      10-year cumulative survival rate in group A (0.31) was lower than in group B
      (0.63). 2) Patients of group A showed more marked X-ray and ECG signs of
      pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in comparison with group
      B. In contrast to group B, the ECG signs of hypertrophy in group A increased
      during the observation period. 3) Mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)
      significantly increased in group A (from 48.8 to 61.0 mmHg), while it decreased
      (from 47.6 to 33.3 mmHg) in group B. 4) The diameter of the descending branch of
      the right pulmonary artery increased with rising PAP only in group A, while the
      relationship between PAP and the Sokolow-Lyon index was significant only for the
      whole group of PVPH patients but not for the subgroups A and B. A regression of
      pulmonary hypertension in patients with anorectic drug intake was obvious, in
      contrast to the course in patients with PVPH of unknown aetiology.

PMID- 4028730
TI  - Influence of age on functional recovery after myocardial infarction.
AB  - Two age-groups of patients, of 45-59 and 65-69 years respectively, were
      investigated 10 days and 2 months after myocardial infarction. Left ventricular
      performance at rest was evaluated by radionuclide ventriculography, working
      capacity by submaximal heart rate-limited stress testing at discharge from the
      coronary care unit and maximal testing 2 months after the coronary attack.
      Resting ejection fraction remained unchanged while exercise tolerance increased
      in both age groups between the first and second examination but remained
      systematically lower in the elderly. The author conclude that although functional
      recovery after myocardial infarction is independent of age, physical capacity is
      lower in older patients during the acute phase as well as after early
      convalescence; resting ejection fraction remains, however, unchanged.

PMID- 4028731
TI  - [Unstable angina pectoris--diagnostic-strategic problems. A review].

PMID- 4028732
TI  - Potential role of platelets in the pulmonary circulation. A review.

PMID- 4028733
TI  - Does pulmonary arterial hypertension influence the prognosis in patients with
      chronic obstructive lung disease?

PMID- 4028734
TI  - Contribution to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension: a multivariate
      analysis of associated factors.
AB  - This study attempts to develop a general aetiological concept of essential
      hypertension by multidimensional investigation of its various risk factors in
      childhood and adolescence. The investigation is based on married couples and
      their children (609 parents and their 639 children, a total of 1248 persons), all
      of them chosen under special aspects. Familial and environmental characteristics
      of children and young people with hypertension are compared with those of
      normotensive volunteers of the same age. The multi-dimensionally interacting
      factors found to be associated with hypertension in children are: hypertension,
      diabetes and early infarction in relatives of the first or second degree as well
      as overweight at birth, obesity, nutritional patterns in the earliest and later
      stages of life, social environment and physical activity of the children and
      adolescents. The familial factors most likely lead to a predisposition to
      hypertension while environmental factors may subsequently contribute to its
      manifestation.

PMID- 4028735
TI  - [Significance of noninvasive methods in cardiology].

PMID- 4028736
TI  - Contrast Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - First clinical experiences with contrast Doppler echocardiography -- a new
      technique of cardiac ultrasound examination are described. The presence of
      contrast material within the right heart cavities following the peripheral vein
      injection is easily recognized by characteristic Doppler signal changes. This
      knowledge was used to detect a small amount of contrast passing through atrial
      (ASD) or ventricular septal defect (VSD) towards the left heart cavities despite
      the dominant left-to-right shunting. The high sensitivity of this technique in
      those conditions was attested to by correct diagnosis of 10 ASD and 3 VSD.
      Besides that, this technique is indicated also in selected cases of tricuspid
      regurgitation. The combination of both pulsed Doppler and contrast echo
      investigation seems to be advantageous in the diagnosis of the mentioned
      diseases. However, further study of this very specialized method is required.

PMID- 4028737
TI  - The effect of venostasis on several laboratory parameters in patients with
      predisposition to venous thromboembolism.
AB  - A series of laboratory tests was performed in 25 patients with recurrent venous
      thromboembolism as compared with 14 healthy person. The tests were combined with
      venostasis. The values of haematocrit, low-shear viscosity and fibrinogen were
      significantly higher in the preocclusion samples of the group with recurrent
      thromboembolism than in the controls. Venostasis did not increase the sensitivity
      of the tests. Platelet counts, euglobulin fibrinolysis, antithrombin III and
      total plasma proteins were not significantly increased either in preocclusion or
      in postocclusion samples as compared with the controls.

PMID- 4028738
TI  - CT scan lesion localization and response to melodic intonation therapy with
      nonfluent aphasia cases.
AB  - The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship
      between CT scan lesion localization and good or poor response to Melodic
      Intonation Therapy (MIT) as measured by pre- and post-MIT treatment scores. The
      four good response (GR) cases improved in speech characteristics ratings for
      Phrase Length and Grammatical Form on the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination;
      the four poor response (PR) cases showed no improvement. The GR cases had lesions
      which involved Broca's area and/or white matter deep to it plus large superior
      lesion extension into periventricular white matter deep to the lower motor cortex
      area for face. These GR cases had no large lesion in Wernicke's area and no
      lesion in the temporal isthmus or the right hemisphere. The PR cases, however,
      had bi-lateral lesions or lesion including Wernicke's area or the temporal
      isthmus.

PMID- 4028739
TI  - Mental rotation and visual laterality in normal and reading disabled children.
AB  - Normal and reading disabled children, aged from 11 to 13 years and matched for
      I.Q., were timed as they discriminated bs from ds. When the letters were
      presented only in their normal upright orientations, normal readers responded
      more quickly when they were presented in the right than in the left visual
      hemifield, while the disabled readers showed a slight but insignificant left
      hemifield advantage. When the letters were presented in varying angular
      orientations the reaction times indicated that both groups "mentally rotated" an
      internal representation of each letter to the upright in order to discriminate
      them. The two groups did not differ in the accuracy of discrimination or in the
      estimated rate of mental rotation, and there were no significant hemifield
      differences in this phase of the experiment. These data offer no support for the
      view that disabled readers are deficient in spatial ability, but confirm earlier
      evidence that they may suffer a lack of left-hemispheric specialization.

PMID- 4028740
TI  - The capacity of stroke patients to report dreams.
AB  - We studied the capacity of stroke patients to report dreams following awakening
      from REM sleep. Four left-hemisphere aphasia and two right-hemisphere
      visuospatial deficit patients reported dreams. The expression of ideas in dreams
      appeared normal despite the patients' waking difficulties. Given their similar
      rules of grammar, both dream and phonetic language modalities could emanate from
      common sites.

PMID- 4028741
TI  - Interhemispheric communication after section of the forebrain commissures.
AB  - Cognitive information is shown to be transmitted interhemispherically through
      channels other than the neocortical commissures, presumably through subcortical
      pathways. What crosses through these subcortical channels does not appear to
      include the name or identity of stimuli but rather is more contextual or
      associative in nature. Results obtained with a technique for prolonged visual
      lateralization indicate that this information, when used in conjunction with
      cognitive strategies, allows the cortically disconnected left hemisphere under
      certain conditions to verbally identify stimuli projected to the right hemisphere
      or to cross-compare bilateral input. The presence of this subcortical
      communication would thus appear to help explain some of the increasing exceptions
      to characteristic disconnection symptoms reported among split-brain subjects. In
      particular, the present results challenge reports which have attributed oral
      naming of stimuli in the left visual hemifield to the typical disconnected right
      hemisphere.

PMID- 4028742
TI  - Object reversals after parietal lobe infarction--a case report.
AB  - A case is described of a mixed manually dominant man with a right parietal
      infarction who demonstrated reversals in object manipulation. Although mirror
      reversals in parietal lobe dysfunction and right-left spatial reversal in
      conjunction with mirror writing have been reported previously, object and spatial
      reversal to this extent has not been reported. The theoretical implications of
      the absence of mirror writing here, in relation to side of brain lesion and
      handedness, are discussed.

PMID- 4028744
TI  - Asymmetrical facial expressions: a different interpretation.

PMID- 4028743
TI  - On comprehension across the adult lifespan.
AB  - To test whether healthy elderly subjects develop language comprehension
      strategies to compensate for decreases in pure-tone audition, we tested 128
      healthy subjects aged 30-79 on two tasks: (1) Comprehension materials from the
      Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (Goodglass and Kaplan, 1972) presented over
      babble noise with and without the speaker's face visible; and (2) the Kalikow et
      al. (1977) Speech Perception in Noise test, which assesses the effect of semantic
      predictability on sentence-final word intelligibility. Whereas, as predicted,
      overall performance decreased with advancing age, it appeared, unexpectedly, that
      older and younger adults were equally affected by the absence of visual input and
      the absence of semantic predictability.

PMID- 4028745
TI  - Asymmetrical facial expressions indeed: a reply to Dane and Thompson.

PMID- 4028746
TI  - Unilateral visual agnosia.
AB  - A case of unilateral visual agnosia for all types of stimuli limited to the left
      visual hemifield and associated with a right occipital temporal vascular lesion
      is reported. Questions raised by this case of hemiagnosia as compared to previous
      ones are discussed.

PMID- 4028747
TI  - Responses of opsonic substances to major trauma and sepsis.
AB  - Adequate opsonic capability is vital for normal host defense against infection.
      The presence of complement fraction 3 (C3) indicates both classical and
      alternative pathways of complement activation, while complement fraction 4 (C4)
      indicates only classical pathway activation. C-reactive protein (CRP) functions
      as an opsonic substance. We measured serum levels of C3, C4, and CRP in 32 trauma
      patients. Six suffered minor injuries and 26 suffered major injuries. Nineteen of
      the major-injury patients developed post-trauma sepsis. Complement levels fell
      immediately after injury and remained low for approximately 8 days in all
      patients. CRP levels rose by 12 h, peaked at 48 h, and correlated with the
      severity of injury and the presence of sepsis. Elevated CRP levels after 4 days
      postinjury indicated the presence of sepsis in all cases. CRP elevations preceded
      clinical diagnosis by an average of 2.4 days. Serial measurements of CRP are
      valuable in monitoring the course of trauma patients and may indicate the
      presence of septic complications before clinical detection.

PMID- 4028748
TI  - Prevention of the adult respiratory distress syndrome with dipyridamole.
AB  - Because the formation of platelet thrombi has been incriminated in the
      development of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we tested the
      hypothesis that early administration of antiplatelet agents might protect the
      lungs in patients at risk to develop ARDS after circulatory shock. This double
      blinded study included 40 patients treated with either 3 mg/kg . 24 h of
      dipyridamole or a corresponding dose of placebo after an episode of hemorrhagic,
      traumatic, or septic shock. Each patient also received 100 mg of aspirin daily.
      Arterial blood gases and chest x-rays were not significantly different between
      dipyridamole and placebo groups. Moreover, two patients receiving dipyridamole
      but none receiving placebo developed ARDS. This pilot study does not support a
      beneficial effect of dipyridamole in the prevention of ARDS after circulatory
      shock.

PMID- 4028749
TI  - Diagnosis and therapy of necrotizing tracheobronchitis in ventilated neonates.
AB  - From January 1983 to September 1984 our neonatal ICU (NICU) treated eight
      endotracheally intubated infants who had suspected airway obstruction
      characterized by hypercarbia dissonant with severity of lung disease and
      difficulty in ventilation with lack of chest movement, both on conventional
      intermittent mandatory ventilation and high-frequency oscillation. Bronchoscopic
      removal of necrotic tissue was possible in six infants, two of whom survived.
      Bronchoscopy showed desquamation of epithelial surfaces, leaving encrusted
      exudations considered to be characteristic of necrotizing tracheobronchitis
      (NTB). The four nonsurvivors of bronchoscopy and one of the infants not submitted
      to bronchoscopy had NTB confirmed at autopsy. NTB was not associated with any
      specific lung disease, humidifier, or ventilator. The autopsy frequency of NTB
      during this period was 5 per 160 NICU admissions. A separate chart review of
      unselected autopsied cases in 1981 and 1982 showed that 12 of 284 neonates
      admitted to the NICU had NTB. NTB appears to be a rediscovered condition related
      to endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation using high mean airway
      pressures.

PMID- 4028750
TI  - Effects of changes in abdominal pressure on left ventricular performance and
      regional blood flow.
AB  - Many clinical conditions are associated with an increase in abdominal pressure.
      While the effects on venous return have been studied in the past, little
      attention has been given to the effect of abdominal pressure on left-sided
      hemodynamic events. The effects of acute changes in abdominal pressure (Pab) on
      left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and outflow distribution were evaluated in ten
      open-chest dogs, which had undergone right heart bypass to eliminate the
      influence of changes in Pab on systemic venous return. Pressures were measured in
      the left atrium (Pla), aorta (Pao), and stomach (Pab). Electromagnetic flow
      probes were positioned around the ascending aorta (Qaa), descending aorta (Qda)
      and the innominate or subclavian artery (Qin) to reflect total cardiac output and
      the respective regional caudad and cephalad blood flows. Compressing the abdomen
      to increase acutely Pab (9.2 +/- 0.6 torr) also significantly increased Pao (7.8
      +/- 1.2 torr), Pla (1.7 +/- 0.4 torr), and Qin (15.2 +/- 4.5%), while Qaa (-9.5
      +/- 2.0%) and Qda (-26.3 +/- 7.0%) significantly decreased. Opposite findings
      were obtained immediately after release of abdominal compression. Thus, an acute
      increase in Pab with a constant pulmonary artery inflow increased the afterload
      imposed on the left ventricle and redistributed LV output, with a reduction in
      flow to the abdomen. Part of the fall in Qaa and increase in Pla could be
      attributed to passive elevation of the diaphragm by the increase in Pab, i.e.,
      heart-lung-diaphragm interdependence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028751
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of hypertonic saline in canine oleic acid-induced
      pulmonary edema.
AB  - Vasoactive drugs may increase intrapulmonary shunt in patients with permeability
      edema. Because 7.5% hypertonic saline solution has cardiotonic properties, we
      studied its hemodynamic and pulmonary effects in a canine model of oleic acid
      induced lung injury. Immediately after saline infusion, there were increases in
      cardiac output (2.0 +/- 0.1 to 3.4 +/- 0.2 L/min; p less than .001) and
      intrapulmonary shunt (50.3 +/- 4.4 to 57.3 +/- 3.2%; p less than .01) without
      alteration in arterial or mixed venous oxygen tension. Although arterial oxygen
      content decreased from 16.4 +/- 1.1 to 14.4 +/- 0.9 ml/dl (p less than .001),
      paralleling the change in hemoglobin concentration, oxygen delivery to the
      tissues increased from 327 +/- 23 to 486 +/- 36 ml/min (p less than .001). These
      effects were transient, inasmuch as all values returned to preinfusion levels
      within 30 min. Tissue oxygen consumption increased proportionately with cardiac
      output, and the directional change in arterial oxygenation was similar to the
      change in mixed venous oxygen tension. We conclude that tissue oxygen delivery
      improves after hypertonic saline infusion despite changes in intrapulmonary shunt
      and oxygen consumption. However, any benefit appears to be transient.

PMID- 4028752
TI  - Early extubation after surgical repair of congenital heart disease.
AB  - Of 220 pediatric patients recovering from surgical repair of congenital heart
      disease, 147 (67%) met our criteria for early extubation and were extubated
      either in the operating room or within 6 h after admission to the surgical ICU.
      The duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation correlated with the duration
      of cardiopulmonary bypass during surgical repair. In patients undergoing repair
      of ventricular septal defect, preoperative measures of pulmonary vascular status
      (PPA/PAO and RP/RS) also correlated with the duration of mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 4028753
TI  - Etiologic diagnosis of bacterial nosocomial pneumonia in seriously ill patients.
AB  - We identified retrospectively 19 critically ill, intubated patients in whom
      tracheobronchial secretions had been cultured before antimicrobials were
      administered. Each of these patients had bacterial nosocomial pneumonia, as
      diagnosed by a positive bacterial culture from blood, pleural fluid,
      percutaneously aspirated lung material, special endobronchial brushings, and/or
      postmortem lung specimens. In 11 (58%) patients, the predominant organism in the
      tracheobronchial secretions was the same one identified in the diagnostic
      culture. However, in eight (42%) patients, the infecting bacteria were either not
      predominant or did not grow in the culture of respiratory secretions. We conclude
      that standard microbiologic studies of central tracheobronchial secretions are
      not always reliable for establishing the etiology of a bacterial nosocomial
      pneumonia in this type of patient.

PMID- 4028754
TI  - Infectious complications and duration of intracranial pressure monitoring.
AB  - We studied 65 children with acute brain injury to determine how the risk of
      infectious complications changed with duration of intracranial pressure (ICP)
      monitoring. More than half of the 72 monitors inserted in these patients were in
      place at least 7 days (range 1 to 28). Nine infections occurred on days 2 through
      11. The overall risk was 1.5 infections per 100 monitor-days. After day 6 the
      risk of subsequent infection diminished, as did the percent of monitors which
      subsequently became infected. The declining risk of infection over time suggests
      that infection is introduced at the time of monitor insertion. These findings
      justify a protocol in which a single ICP monitoring device is used as long as
      necessary, with reinsertion of a new monitor only if a malfunction occurs, or if
      daily surveillance cultures demonstrate an infection. Routine reinsertion of a
      new monitor might increase risk by unnecessarily re-exposing the patient to
      contamination at the time of insertion.

PMID- 4028755
TI  - Bicarbonate hemodialysis of patients with acute renal failure and severe sepsis.
AB  - During hemodialysis (HD), septic patients with acute renal failure (ARF) often
      exhibit severe hemodynamic instability, with a fall in BP that requires a large
      volume infusion or even cessation of dialysis. To investigate the hypothesis that
      acetate transfer plays a role in the BP decrease, we compared acetate (Ac) and
      bicarbonate (Bi) HD in ten septic ARF patients. Patients were dialyzed daily for
      4 h with a single-pass system and 1.1 m2 cuprophan dialyzers, alternately using
      Ac and Bi as the dialysate buffer. Heart rate and systemic arterial resistance
      did not change significantly during use of either buffer, and changes in
      pulmonary wedge pressure were similar. However, decreases in cardiac output and
      mean arterial pressure were more pronounced during Ac-HD than during Bi-HD. Rapid
      correction of metabolic acidosis and a larger decrease of plasma potassium
      concentration occurred during Bi-HD. These results suggest that Bi-HD was better
      tolerated than Ac-HD because of changes in myocardial contractility that may be
      related to different effects on acid-base status and plasma potassium
      concentrations.

PMID- 4028756
TI  - Influence of hypothermia on the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin and theophylline
      in piglets.
AB  - The influence of hypothermia on gentamicin and theophylline pharmacokinetics was
      studied in anesthetized pigs given an iv bolus of gentamicin and theophylline
      during normothermia (37 degrees C) and again 1 wk later after the induction of
      controlled hypothermia (29 degrees C). During hypothermia, the elimination half
      time for gentamicin was significantly prolonged (135 +/- 19 min at 37 degrees C
      vs. 187 +/- 7 min at 29 degrees C), and there were significant decreases in the
      volume of the central compartment (Vc) of gentamicin, the gentamicin volume of
      distribution (Vd), and the gentamicin total body clearance (TBC). Hypothermia was
      associated with a small but significant decrease in theophylline Vd and Vc, but
      no change in TBC. In separate experiments, cardiac output decreased during the
      induction of hypothermia in a temperature-dependent fashion. The changes in
      gentamicin Vd and TBC may be explained by the decrease in cardiac output and the
      associated decrease in glomerular filtration rate. This study suggests that the
      elimination of theophylline, which has a relatively low hepatic extraction ratio,
      is not influenced by the hypothermia-induced decrease in liver blood flow.

PMID- 4028757
TI  - Real-time analysis of the change in arterial oxygen tension during endotracheal
      suction with a fiberoptic bronchoscope.
AB  - An intra-arterial Clark-type polarographic oxygen electrode was used with a
      fiberoptic bronchoscope for real-time analysis of the PO2 change during 1 min of
      suction in patients spontaneously breathing oxygen. There was a strong
      correlation between values obtained from the intra-arterial electrode (PiO2) and
      those from blood samples (PaO2), before and at the end of suction; the PiO2/PaO2
      ratio was close to one. Continuous PiO2 recordings during suction without
      supplemental oxygen showed little change in the early period of suction, followed
      by a steep drop continuing even after suction. This drop in PiO2 was partially
      attenuated by providing oxygen with high-frequency jet ventilation and was almost
      completely attenuated by the use of a suction adaptor. Changes in the inspired
      oxygen concentration indicated the importance of keeping this variable constant
      during suction to prevent hypoxemia.

PMID- 4028759
TI  - SCCM's new horizons conference on sepsis and septic shock.

PMID- 4028758
TI  - Continuous polarographic monitoring of intra-arterial oxygen in the perioperative
      period.
AB  - Intra-arterial PO2 (PiO2) was polarographically monitored in ten critically ill
      patients during induction of anesthesia, the intraoperative period, extubation,
      and the immediate postoperative period; 147 PiO2 values were then paired with
      simultaneous measurements of PaO2. Mean PiO2 closely followed mean PaO2 over a
      wide range of values (r = .97), and the continuous, online real-time PiO2
      readings provided a useful early warning system for hypoxemia during crisis
      periods. Technical problems included catheter clotting from improper flushing,
      changes in PiO2 due to changes in body temperature, the need for in vitro and in
      vivo calibration, and sensor drift. However, these problems were resolved by
      appropriate catheter management and sensor calibration.

PMID- 4028760
TI  - Stroke as a complication of carotid sinus massage.
AB  - A 77-yr-old white man recovering from aortobiiliac bypass surgery suffered a
      sudden stroke within 30 min after carotid sinus massage was performed in an
      attempt to treat supraventricular tachycardia. Even though carotid digital
      subtraction angiography and angiograms were negative for carotid artery disease,
      we believe that there was enough plaque or vascular disease to precipitate the
      stroke. Considering the prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in the
      general population, we recommend avoiding carotid sinus massage in elderly
      patients, even in the apparent absence of carotid artery disease.

PMID- 4028761
TI  - Occult metoprolol overdose.
AB  - A patient with an apparent dilantin and phenobarbital overdose displayed
      hypotension and oliguria resistant to usual cardiotonic drugs and volume loading.
      In addition, she required an unusually high dose of epinephrine for
      resuscitation. Metoprolol, a beta-blocker not included on the drug screen, was
      subsequently implicated. An overdose of this drug should be suspected in patients
      whose hypotension is resistant to usually effective doses of inotropic and
      chronotropic agents.

PMID- 4028762
TI  - Acute ethylene glycol poisoning.

PMID- 4028763
TI  - Accidental extubations in pediatric patients.

PMID- 4028764
TI  - Intravenous salbutamol for status asthmaticus.

PMID- 4028765
TI  - Simplified method for mu/kg.min intravenous infusion.

PMID- 4028766
TI  - Treatment of hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis by rectal infusion of calcium
      chloride.

PMID- 4028767
TI  - Frequency of wedge pressure errors in the ICU.
AB  - Using 94 flow-directed pulmonary artery catheters in 53 ICU patients, we obtained
      prospectively 282 pulmonary artery wedge pressure (WP) measurements from 286
      attempts. After catheter manipulation, 96% of these WP measurements were
      ultimately free of technical problems, and 84% were confirmed by aspiration of
      pulmonary capillary blood from the wedge position. The 95% confidence interval
      for repeated measurements of WP in stable ICU patients was 4 mm Hg. The WP
      measurement error was defined as the difference between unconfirmed and confirmed
      WP pairs obtained from stable patients. The probability of encountering a WP
      measurement error of at least 4 mm Hg was 33% for the 93 WP measurements with
      technical problems, 5% for the 189 WP measurements without technical problems,
      and 14% for the entire set of 286 WP measurement attempts. Quality control
      procedures, including dynamic response testing, easily identified most errors.

PMID- 4028768
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid myelin basic protein as a prognostic marker in patients with
      head injury.
AB  - Despite increasing interest in identifying biochemical and serologic markers to
      judge the severity of closed head injury in comatose patients, clinical variables
      remain the most readily available methods for assessing prognosis. In a series of
      35 severely head-injured comatose patients, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level
      of myelin basic protein (MBP) was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. MBP levels during
      the first week after injury were significantly correlated with the Glasgow
      outcome score at 7 days (p less than .005), 3 months (p less than .005), and 6
      months (p less than .05) postinjury. Measurement of CSF MBP appears to be a
      useful laboratory adjunct to clinical assessment, for judging the outcome of
      severely head-injured patients.

PMID- 4028769
TI  - Comparison of internal and external jugular cannulation of the central
      circulation in the pediatric patient.
AB  - Percutaneous catheterization of the central circulation via the internal jugular
      vein was compared to cannulation via the external jugular vein, in a
      retrospective review of 200 pediatric patients. The internal approach resulted in
      an 86% rate of successful cannulations with 99.9% of the catheters positioned in
      the thorax; this technique was accompanied by an 8% incidence of carotid artery
      puncture. The external jugular route eliminated the risk of carotid artery
      puncture; however, it was successful in only 65% of the attempts, and 14% of the
      successful cannulations had catheter tips incorrectly positioned outside the
      thorax.

PMID- 4028770
TI  - Intravenous amiodarone in the treatment of refractory arrhythmias.
AB  - Oral amiodarone's slow absorption handicaps rapid treatment of life-threatening
      arrhythmias. We used iv amiodarone to treat ten patients with hemodynamically
      significant atrial arrhythmias and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
      refractory to all conventional medical treatment. Arrhythmias were controlled in
      nine patients, five of whom became long-term survivors on oral amiodarone. Two
      patients died of cardiovascular collapse within 24 h of initiation of iv
      amiodarone. One other patient died postoperatively of cardiovascular collapse
      while on oral amiodarone, 2 wk after iv amiodarone. Another patient died of an
      unrelated cause 13 months after initiation of amiodarone. These results suggest
      that iv amiodarone is effective in controlling refractory atrial and ventricular
      arrhythmias and may shorten the latency period.

PMID- 4028771
TI  - Colonization of intravascular monitoring devices.
AB  - This randomized prospective study of all invasive catheters inserted in our ICU
      tested the hypothesis that daily dressing changes would reduce the 25% infection
      rate associated with these catheters. Significant growth was noted in eight (7%)
      of 133 vs. nine (6.7%) of 135 skin cultures from patients whose dressings and
      infusion tubings were changed at 24 vs. 72 h, respectively. Catheter tip cultures
      were positive in six (5.9%) of 102 vs. eight (7.5%) of 107 for the 24- and 72-h
      groups, respectively. Paradoxically, blood cultures were positive in three (6.7%)
      of 45 vs. 12 (23.1%) of 52 from the 24- and 72-h groups, respectively (p less
      than .03). However, there was no correlation between the positive blood cultures
      and the organisms cultured from the catheter tips.

PMID- 4028772
TI  - Effect of body inversion on hemodynamics determined by two-dimensional
      echocardiography.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if head-down inversion of normal men
      from a supine position would increase blood return to the heart. Eight healthy,
      normovolemic men were placed into 10 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90
      degrees head-down tilt positions. BP and two-dimensional echocardiograms were
      recorded at the supine baseline and immediately after inversion. There was no
      significant change in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, stroke volume,
      cardiac output, or BP with inversion, except for a significant increase in
      diastolic pressure at the 60 degree position. The efficacy of placing hypotensive
      shock patients in the head-down tilt position is discussed.

PMID- 4028773
TI  - Evaluation of a computer-based clinical reference library in an ICU.
AB  - A computer-based clinical reference library (CRL) was developed as a subsystem of
      the Hewlett-Packard 5600 A patient data management system for use in the 10-bed
      ICU at the University of Alberta Hospital. The CRL contains 20 information
      modules and can be accessed at both bedside and central consoles. Information is
      classified under headings of: definition, incidence, etiology, pathophysiology,
      pathology, bacteriology, clinical course, diagnosis, treatment, complications,
      prognosis, and references. The CRL was evaluated by a nonrandomized pretest/post
      test, control-experimental research paradigm. Medical students and residents
      exposed to the system "acquired" significantly more knowledge than their
      counterparts in a control group. Medical students and nurses used the system for
      continuing medical education, whereas residents accessed the system for problem
      solving. Nurses had strong negative views about the computerized patient data
      management system and tended not to use the CRL. Correlation between instruction
      time and gain scores was positive but test correlation coefficients for each
      subgroup were not significantly different.

PMID- 4028774
TI  - Intensive care nurse: job tension and satisfaction as a function of experience
      level.
AB  - It has been suggested that experienced ICU nurses are better able to cope with
      the complexity of their environment and, as a result, achieve greater
      satisfaction than their less-experienced counterparts. One hundred ten ICU nurses
      from a large Midwestern medical center were requested to fill out a job tension
      and job satisfaction questionnaire. The results showed that job tension and job
      satisfaction remained relatively constant as the number of years on the job
      increased, refuting the notion that work experience automatically facilitates a
      mastery of environmental demands. As expected, job tension was inversely related
      to job satisfaction.

PMID- 4028775
TI  - Pseudodysrhythmia during dialysis.

PMID- 4028776
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for Fournier's gangrene.
AB  - Soft-tissue infections with tissue necrosis, due to mixed aerobic and anaerobic
      organisms, are an accepted indication for hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. A
      unique type of such infection is Fournier's gangrene. This condition represents a
      serious risk to life and patients should be treated rapidly and aggressively. We
      treated three such cases by HBO. All three patients recovered from the infection,
      although one died later from renal and pulmonary complications.

PMID- 4028777
TI  - Another chance for therapeutic hypothermia?

PMID- 4028778
TI  - Use of isoproterenol in infants.

PMID- 4028779
TI  - A simple computer program for obtaining gas exchange indices.

PMID- 4028780
TI  - Effect of cryoprotectants on the viability and function of unfrozen human
      polymorphonuclear cells.
AB  - High concentrations of membrane permeable cryoprotectants are necessary to
      protect human polymorphonuclear leukocytes from osmotic stress injury during
      freezing, but there are reports that some cryoprotectants are chemically toxic.
      Cells were exposed to various concentrations of glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, or
      ethylene glycol for 5 min to 2 hr at 37, 22 or 0 degree C, adding or removing the
      cryoprotectant either slowly or rapidly. Assays included cell number recovery,
      membrane integrity, phagocytosis, microbicidal ability, and chemotaxis. We
      conclude that (1) 1 and 2 M concentrations generally are not toxic if they are
      added and removed slowly at 22 degrees C; (2) addition and removal of glycerol at
      0 degree C was injurious even at 1 M; (3) slow addition and removal allowed
      better recovery than rapid addition or removal; (4) salt concentration in
      cryoprotectant solutions should be adjusted to isotonic on the basis of moles per
      liter of solution, rather than moles per kilogram of water; (5) the toxicity
      reported by other investigators can be largely explained by osmotic stress or
      dilution shock rather than chemical toxicity; and (6) ethylene glycol is the
      easiest cryoprotectant to add to and remove from these cells.

PMID- 4028781
TI  - The effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on the osmotic properties of a rat
      megakaryocytopoietic cell line.
AB  - Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 0.6 M alters the osmotic state of intracellular
      water in a line of rat megakaryocytopoietic cells. The response is a function of
      temperature. Maximal structuring of water occurs at 24.7 degrees C, while
      disorganization occurs at 30 and 37 degrees C. Little effect occurs at 3 and at
      18 degrees C. Parallel measurements of membrane permeability to water indicate
      that DMSO inhibits the osmotic exit of water at all temperatures. Maximal
      inhibition occurs at 24.7 degrees C, the same temperature at which maximal
      organization of water occurs. These findings emphasize the possible role which
      water may play in explaining the diverse functions of DMSO as cryogenic
      substance, promoter of cell fusion, and stimulator of cell differentiation.

PMID- 4028782
TI  - Membrane stabilization during freezing: the role of two natural cryoprotectants,
      trehalose and proline.
AB  - The relative effectiveness of two natural cryoprotectants, proline and trehalose,
      in preserving membrane structure and function during freezing was studied.
      Isolated vesicles of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from lobster muscle (Homarus
      americanus) were employed to study changes in structure and function during rapid
      freeze-thaw conditions. Both proline and trehalose were shown to effectively
      preserve the structure (assessed with freeze fracture) and function (assessed by
      the ability of the membranes to transport calcium) in the frozen vesicles. As a
      first step toward determining the mechanism of cryoprotection by these compounds,
      we have investigated their effectiveness in inhibiting freezing induced fusion
      between phospholipid vesicles. Pamiltoyloleoyl-phosphatidylcholine:
      phosphatidylserine (85:15 mole ratio) small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) were made
      incorporating one of the following fluorescent probes, and energy donor,
      cholesteryl anthracene-9-carboxylate, or an energy acceptor, nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3
      diazole phosphatidylethanolamine to investigate the amount of membrane mixing
      during rapid freeze-thaw cycles, and storage at -20 degrees C. Membrane mixing
      was measured as an energy transfer from donor to acceptor when donor vesicles and
      acceptor vesicles were mixed before a particular freezing treatment. Membrane
      mixing was correlated with structural changes in these membranes by freeze
      fracture analysis. Both trehalose and proline were found to be more effective in
      preventing membrane mixing between SUVs than the standard protectants, glycerol
      and dimethylsulfoxide.

PMID- 4028783
TI  - Glucocorticoids and hypothermic induction and survival in the rat.
AB  - Glucocorticoids (GC) are important for thermoregulatory responses to low
      environmental temperatures. Pretreatment of hamsters, which are capable of
      natural hibernation, with cortisone acetate has been demonstrated to improve
      carbohydrate homeostasis during hypothermia. The objectives of the current
      studies were to evaluate the effects of GC pretreatment of a nonhibernator, the
      rat, on (i) cooling time, (ii) carbohydrate homeostasis (in terms of liver and
      cardiac glycogen concentrations and plasma glucose concentration), and (iii)
      duration of survival in hypothermia. In addition, the effects of liver glycogen
      depletion on cooling times and survival were examined. Hypothermia was induced in
      rats by exposure to a helium:oxygen (80:20, Helox) atmosphere at 0 degree C.
      Pretreatment of rats with triamcinolone acetonide (1.5 mg/kg/day, sc, 48, 24, and
      1 hr prior to induction) significantly (P less than 0.05) lengthened induction
      time, while fasting was associated with a significant decrement (25%). While
      liver and cardiac glycogen levels in control and GC-treated rats fell
      approximately 45% during cooling, this reduction occurred over a significantly
      greater period of time in treated rats and suggests a sparing of glycogen or
      increased capacity for its production in response to GC. Glycogen utilization was
      accompanied by a hyperglycemia in control, GC-treated, and fasted groups.
      Survival in hypothermia at a rectal temperature of 14-15 degrees C in GC-treated
      (9.5 +/- 1.2 hr) and fasted (10.9 +/- 0.9 hr) rats was not significantly
      different from control (10.5 +/- 1.1 hr) values. These findings suggest that
      treatment with GC can increase the thermogenic capacity of the rat (as evidenced
      by an increased induction time) and promote carbohydrate homeostasis, but does
      not contribute to an enhancement of survival in the hypothermic nonhibernator.

PMID- 4028784
TI  - "Hidden" popular illnesses in primary care: residents' recognition and clinical
      implications.
AB  - This study documents that ethnomedical beliefs and practices play an important
      role in primary care in a southern community. Thirty-three of 73 patients from a
      rural Appalachian area coming to a university primary care internal medicine
      practice presented 54 ethnomedical complaints such as "high blood" (24.1%), "Weak
      'n dizzy" (22.2%), "nerves" (16.7%), "sugar" (5.6%) and "fallin' out" (3.7%).
      Thirty-three patients had both biomedical and ethnomedical complaints, 40
      patients had biomedical complaints without ethnomedical complaints and no
      patients presented with ethnomedical complaints alone. Over two-thirds of all
      patients consulted non-medical personnel for their complaints, mostly family and
      friends, and 70 percent self-treated prior to clinic consultation. Patients
      presenting with ethnomedical complaints when compared with those presenting with
      biomedical complaints sought advice of non-physicians significantly more often (p
      less than 0.02); no statistical difference, however, was found in their self
      treatment practices. Ninety-two of 130 biomedical complaints were recorded by the
      patient's physician but none of the 54 ethnomedical complaints were formally
      recorded (p less than 0.001). The high incidence of ethnomedical complaints in
      this population and the failure of physicians to recognize these complaints
      demand that primary care medicine residents be taught improved history-taking
      skills and the essentials of ethnomedical illnesses if they are to provide
      culturally-sensitive patient care.

PMID- 4028785
TI  - Chronic disease: the sick role and informed consent.

PMID- 4028786
TI  - Psychosomatic symptoms, stress, and modernization: a model.
AB  - The quantity of research on the effects of stress on disease has increased
      substantially in recent years, but little effort has been devoted to examining
      the effects of cultural influences in the stress process. A model is proposed in
      this paper in which cultural context exerts a modifying influence on the
      relationship between sociocultural stressors and psychosomatic symptoms,
      specifically in the context of modernization. In change situations involving
      increasing modernization there is increased differentiation in systems of social
      stratification within a community, due to increased potential for upward social
      mobility. The individuals who are upwardly mobile adopt a particular style of
      life, involving the acquisition of western consumer goods, as symbolic of their
      success. Lower class individuals strive to attain this same style of life as a
      claim to a higher status social identity, but their lower economic condition
      results in stressful incongruities and higher psychosomatic symptoms. Individuals
      who are successful in upward mobility are confronted by a different set of
      stressors that are primarily intrapsychic in nature. Events and circumstances
      perceived as threats to their self-identity are related to more psychosomatic
      symptoms. Thus, the meaning of specific stressors changes depending on the
      sociocultural context of the individual, and this meaning serves as a bridge
      between environmental circumstances and physiological outcomes. This model
      receives substantial empirical support in two field studies. Limitations of the
      model and implications for future research are discussed.

PMID- 4028787
TI  - A cross-cultural study of depressive symptomology.
AB  - Black (N = 26), white (N = 26) and Overseas Chinese (N = 32) college students
      were surveyed with Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). With the exception
      of two items where marginally significant differences were found, there were no
      quantitative differences in the results across these ethnic groups. Inter-item
      analyses, factor analyses and comparison of factor profiles indicated that the
      items clustered in different configurations for the three groups. The factors
      contributing the most variances differed in their item contents across the ethnic
      groups: a mixture of affective and somatic complaints characterizes the black
      group; existential and cognitive concerns characterize the white group and
      somatic complaints characterize the Overseas Chinese group. Discussion was
      focused on issues concerning cultural conception of psychological difficulties,
      communication styles used to communicate these difficulties and situational
      variables affecting performances on psychological diagnostic tests.

PMID- 4028788
TI  - Ultrastructural cytochemistry: effect of Sorbinil on arylsulfatases in
      cataractous lenses.
AB  - We have demonstrated an increase in activity of arylsulfatase A and B during
      galactose induced cataract development in rats. Our recent investigation shows
      that acid phosphatase activity, which increases substantially during galactose
      cataract development in rats, could be contained to near normal level if
      Sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor, was fed along with galactose to the rat.
      We have observed that the activity of other lysosomal enzymes, arylsulfatase A
      and/or B, also increases during galactose cataractogenesis. In the present
      report, we provide information with regards to the effect of Sorbinil on the
      activity of these enzymes during cataractogenesis. A modified Hopsu-Havu and
      Helminen method (1974) with p-nitrocatecholsulfate as substrate was used for
      localization of both arylsulfatase A and B; and the method of Hara et al. (1979)
      was utilized to obtain quantitative data on the level of arylsulfatase A and B
      activity. Ultrastructural cytochemistry shows that arylsulfatase activity in all
      lenses was primarily localized in epithelial cells in lysosomes with very little
      or no activity in cortical fibers. The number of arylsulfatase positive lysosomes
      and the activity level of these enzymes increased with the progression of
      cataract development. Galactose induced damage to lens morphology and increase in
      activity of arylsulfatase A and B was inhibited by inclusion of 50mg/Kg (diet)
      Sorbinil in the galactose containing cataractogenic diet. However, Sorbinil had
      no significant effect on the enzyme activity following the establishment of
      mature cataracts.

PMID- 4028789
TI  - Blood flow in aphakic rabbit eyes after sub-chronic glaucoma drug treatment.
AB  - Ocular blood flow was measured in aphakic rabbit eyes using a radioactive
      microsphere technique following sub-chronic three times a day treatment with one
      of the following drugs: ecothiophate iodide (0.125%), pilocarpine (4%),
      epinephrine (2%), norepinephrine (2%) or timolol (0.5%). The results show that
      regional ocular blood flow was statistically normal after this treatment regimen
      compared to both normal and aphakic control eyes. Ecothiophate did statistically
      increase choroidal blood flow and, although not statistically significant, other
      drugs did induce trends which may be relevant to drug use.

PMID- 4028790
TI  - Changes in the normal corneal endothelial cellular pattern as a function of age.
AB  - Human endothelial morphologic changes were quantitated by specular microscopy and
      computer-assisted morphometry to establish normal baselines of various
      morphologic parameters. Cellular polymegethism and cellular pleomorphism
      increases with age, and normal baseline parameters are detailed. Furthermore, no
      significant difference in any morphologic parameters between the right and left
      eye and between central and peripheral endothelium was detected in the normal
      corneas examined. These normal morphologic baselines can possibly be utilized to
      detect early corneal endothelial pathology and/or cell loss nondetectable by cell
      density measurement.

PMID- 4028791
TI  - Spatial distribution of oxygen in the cornea of a closed eye wearing a gas
      permeable contact lens.

PMID- 4028792
TI  - A noninvasive optical method to measure oxygen tension at the corneal epithelium.
AB  - Corneal redox fluorometry is presented as an alternative method to noninvasively
      measure the oxygen tension in equilibrium with the tear film. The application of
      this method to the study of the effects of a contact lens on the tear film oxygen
      tension is described. The development of a clinical corneal redox fluorometer
      would permit noninvasive measurements of the effects of contact lens induced
      corneal hypoxia on corneal physiology. These studies could investigate the
      effects of corneal hypoxia at the cellular level and result in a new level of
      understanding of the processes involved.

PMID- 4028793
TI  - Method for quantitative evaluation of corneal shape changes by contact lens
      molding.

PMID- 4028794
TI  - The influence of calcium in the tear-side perfusate on desquamation from the
      rabbit corneal epithelium.

PMID- 4028795
TI  - Change in metabolite concentration of tears after short-term wearing of contact
      lenses in nonadapted eyes.

PMID- 4028796
TI  - Perfluoro-1-methyldecalin as a potential oxygen carrier with fluid scleral
      lenses.

PMID- 4028797
TI  - Threshold and signal detection measurements of the effect of soft contact lenses
      on corneal sensitivity.

PMID- 4028798
TI  - Purification and properties of human cataractous lens glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase has been shown to occur in three
      different forms in the human adult cataractous lens: a membrane bound form (M)
      and at least two cytosolic isozymes: I1 and I2. Similar Km's for substrate,
      cofactor and HAsO4 were established for each form and all three forms, to
      differing degree, require a reduced sulfhydryl group for maximum activity. A
      variety of phosphonucleosides (ATP, ADP, AMP and 3' 5' cyclic AMP) as well as
      NADH inhibit enzyme activity. Inhibition by ATP is non-competitive whereas cyclic
      AMP and NADH compete for the cofactor binding site. Chloride ion stimulates and
      inhibits enzyme activity at low and high concentrations respectively.

PMID- 4028799
TI  - 86-Rb efflux in normal and cataractous human lenses.
AB  - 86Rb efflux has been studied in normal lenses and in human senile cataracts. The
      rate constant (Ki) of the efflux gradually increases in cataractous lenses with
      progression of lens damage. Efflux experiments run in the presence of BaC12
      suggest that a progressive activation of BaC12 inhibitable efflux routes occurs
      in cataractous lenses. In the final stages of opacification the ineffectiveness
      of BaC12 enriched or Ca++ free media on the efflux suggests that a direct
      disruption of the lens membranes has occurred.

PMID- 4028800
TI  - Corneal endothelial changes in diabetic dogs.
AB  - The corneal endothelium of alloxan diabetic dogs was examined by wide-field
      specular microscopy and compared to that of age-matched non-diabetic dogs.
      Computer-assisted morphometry of individual cells showed that the diabetic dog
      endothelium had marked polymegethism and pleomorphism similar to that previously
      described in diabetic patients. There also appeared to be a positive correlation
      between the degree of these endothelial changes and the diabetic control as
      demonstrated by HbA1 concentration.

PMID- 4028801
TI  - Tapetal degeneration in cats with Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
AB  - The Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a genetic disorder of man, cats, and four
      other animal species. Enlarged cytoplasmic granules, including lysosomes and
      melanosomes, characterize the syndrome. Cats affected with CHS lack
      funduscopically visible tapeta. In normal cats, the tapetum is the light
      reflecting cellular layer located in the choroid. The tapetal cells contain
      bundles of parallel cytoplasmic rods. In this study, eyes from CHS and control
      cats were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The
      CHS kittens up to 14 days of age had tapeta which appeared similar to those of
      the controls. By 28 days of age some of the CHS tapetal rods had degenerated.
      Degeneration of the tapetal rods progressed rapidly and by 56 days of age there
      was a dramatic difference in the ultrastructural appearance of the tapetal cells.
      All the rods had degenerated and the contents of the tapetal cells were
      disorganized. The tapetal layer gradually thinned over a period of several months
      until the layer was absent or nearly so in CHS cats over one year of age. This
      study demonstrated that there is a previously overlooked degenerative component
      of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome.

PMID- 4028802
TI  - Pretreatment with detergents modulates the effects of epinephrine on uveal flow
      and intraocular pressure.
AB  - Prior administration of detergents modulates the effects of epinephrine (epi) in
      isolated, arterially perfused rabbit eyes. Pretreatment with Tween 80, Triton X
      100, digitonin and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) caused a dose-dependent
      reduction of epi induced vasoconstriction of uveal vessels. There also was a dose
      dependent reduction of the epi induced fall in intraocular pressure (IOP) after
      pretreatment with Tween 80 and Triton X-100; digitonin and SDS enhanced the
      effects of epi on IOP but these effects were not dose-dependent. Significant
      effects of all four detergents on the efficacy of epi were irreversible.
      Digitonin probably increased the affinity of epi for the adrenergic receptor as
      shown by the decrease of the ED50-value; the three other detergents did not
      significantly affect the affinity. The sequence of administration of epi and
      detergents is of minor importance for the effects of Tween 80 and Triton X-100
      but differs significantly for the effects of digitonin and SDS.

PMID- 4028803
TI  - Calcium-binding characteristics of the EDTA-extractable proteins from calf lens
      fiber membranes.
AB  - The calcium-binding characteristics of the EDTA-extractable proteins (EEP) from
      calf lens fiber membranes were studied by equilibrium dialysis and far
      ultraviolet circular dichroism measurements. The EEP proteins appeared to contain
      binding sites with different affinities for calcium. These sites seem to behave
      as positively cooperating Ca2+ binding sites with a total capacity of 25 mol Ca2+
      per mol EEP. The mean apparent dissociation constant (KD) for the Ca2+ binding
      sites was determined to be 7.7 microM. Calcium binding probably is accompanied by
      a decrease in the apparent alpha-helical content of the EEP proteins. The present
      results indicate that the EEP proteins belong to the group of proteins possessing
      high affinity and binding capacity for calcium. Because of the high calcium
      binding capacity, the EEP proteins possibly function as an intracellular calcium
      store in the lens. The calcium-sensitivity of the conformational state of the EEP
      proteins, however, might point to a possible regulating function of these
      membrane proteins in calcium-dependent cellular processes in the lens.

PMID- 4028804
TI  - Ocular tissues contain inhibitors of lymphocyte mitogenesis.
AB  - A fraction of bovine vitreous extract is a potent inhibitor of mitogen induced
      lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Proliferation of lymphocytes induced in
      culture by lipopolysaccharide was more sensitive to inhibition by this fraction
      than were cultures of lymphocytes stimulated by Concanavalin A. We were unable to
      demonstrate such activity in similarly prepared fractions of cornea and lens.

PMID- 4028805
TI  - Comparison of the duration of antihypertensive action of atenolol and metoprolol
      over a 24-hour period.
AB  - The antihypertensive and beta-blocking effect of 100 mg atenolol and 100 mg
      metoprolol each given once daily were compared using an observer-blind,
      randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Blood pressure and heart rate
      were measured 22 hours after the last tablet of a 2-week dosing period. Twenty
      five patients completed the study. Both drugs caused a significant decrease in
      supine and standing blood pressure, with atenolol effecting, numerically, the
      greater reductions. The decrease in standing diastolic blood pressure was
      significantly greater with atenolol than with metoprolol (p less than 0.05).
      Metoprolol at 22 hours post-dosing did not differ from placebo in the control of
      exercise systolic blood pressure (191.1 v 194.6 mmHg): the exercise systolic
      blood pressure achieved on atenolol (177.3 mmHg) was significantly lower than
      that achieved on both placebo (p less than 0.001) or metoprolol (p less than
      0.05). The heart rates achieved on atenolol were significantly lower than those
      achieved on metoprolol in similar circumstances (p less than 0.001). It is
      concluded that, at the doses examined in this study, atenolol is the more
      suitable agent for the control of supine, standing and exercise blood pressure
      over 22 hours.

PMID- 4028806
TI  - Administration of ketoprofen suppositories for out-patient post-operative
      analgesia.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was carried out to assess
      the efficacy of ketoprofen suppositories as a post-operative analgesic in out
      patients undergoing extirpation surgery. Thirty patients received 2 X 100 mg
      ketoprofen suppositories, and 30 patients received placebo suppositories 1-hour
      pre-operatively. Patients received no premedication and the anaesthetic used was
      intravenous diazepam and ketamine administered by intravenous drip according to
      the patient's need. Subjective symptoms of pain were evaluated 15, 30, 60 and 90
      minutes post-operatively. None of the patients who received ketoprofen complained
      of post-operative pain, whereas the patients on placebo showed varying degrees of
      pain. The only side-effects recorded were nausea and vomiting both in ketoprofen
      and placebo-treated patients and these were probably related to the anaesthetic.

PMID- 4028807
TI  - A double-blind comparison of slow-release and standard tablet formulations of
      fentiazac in the treatment of patients with tendinitis and bursitis.
AB  - Two double-blind studies were carried out to compare the effectiveness and
      tolerance of a slow-release tablet formulation of 300 mg fentiazac, given once
      daily, with the standard tablet formulations of 100 mg, given 4-times daily, or
      200 mg, given twice daily. A total of 60 patients suffering from acute bicipital
      tendinitis and/or subdeltoid bursitis was studied, 15 patients on the slow
      release and 15 on one of the two standard tablets in each of the two trials.
      Patients were assessed on entry and at Days 7 and 14 of treatment. The results in
      both studies showed that there was significant improvement in tenderness, pain on
      movement, overall pain and in the range of movement after treatment, there being
      no significant difference between those receiving the slow-release form or the
      standard tablets. Tolerance was good in all groups and only a few minor or
      moderate side-effects, mainly of a gastro-intestinal type, were reported.

PMID- 4028808
TI  - Comparative randomized study of cerebral blood flow after long-term
      administration of pentoxifylline and co-dergocrine mesylate in patients with
      chronic cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - The behaviour of regional cerebral blood flow was studied in 90 patients with
      vascular type dementia. Patients were divided at random into three groups of 30
      and treated 3-times daily over a period of 8 weeks with either 400 mg
      pentoxifylline ('Trental' 400) or 2 mg co-dergocrine mesylate, or remained
      untreated (control group). Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow were made
      before and after 4 and 8 weeks of the study using an atraumatic inhalative
      133Xenon clearance technique and assessments made in 16 regions of interest per
      hemisphere (grey matter perfusion). A statistically significant increase over
      baseline in mean regional cerebral blood flow was found in patients on
      pentoxifylline medication at Weeks 4 and 8. At Week 8, the change from baseline
      was +16.4% in the pentoxifylline group whereas the respective values for the
      other two groups were +0.4% for co-dergocrine mesylate, -2.4% for the controls.
      Hypoemic regions showed the most pronounced regional cerebral blood flow changes
      with pentoxifylline (+40%), the corresponding values for the co-dergocrine
      mesylate and control group being +10.8% and +0.4%, respectively.

PMID- 4028809
TI  - Albendazole in the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis in children.
AB  - A single dose of 2% albendazole suspension (400 mg in 20 ml) was administered to
      77 patients (42 males and 35 females), ages ranging between 2 to 12 years, with
      helminthic infections. Ascariasis was the most prevalent infection. Patients were
      followed-up for 3 weeks. The results showed that albendazole was highly effective
      against Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale and Enterobius vermicularis.
      Significant improvement was also observed in patients having infections due to
      Trichuris trichiura. Albendazole was well tolerated and did not produce any
      significant side-effects. Single dose albendazole appears to be appropriate for
      mass chemotherapy to control intestinal nematode infections in highly infected
      communities.

PMID- 4028811
TI  - Management of major thoracic wall trauma.

PMID- 4028810
TI  - Sleep and wake after benzodiazepine hypnotics: a 20-hour EEG comparison of
      lormetazepam and flunitrazepam.
AB  - In an electropharmacokinetic study, the effects of lormetazepam and flunitrazepam
      were compared by the means of a sleep EEG and waking EEG during the following
      daytime. At a 1-week interval, 6 normal subjects received at random either 2 mg
      lormetazepam or 2 mg flunitrazepam in a double-blind, crossover fashion. Sleep
      EEG was recorded throughout the night; 6-min EEG samples were recorded every hour
      during 10 hours on the following daytime for spectral analysis. Night sleep after
      flunitrazepam showed lower Stage IV sleep than after lormetazepam. During
      daytime, only flunitrazepam induced an increased percentage of beta 2
      frequencies, which remained above baseline up to 10 hours after awakening,
      indicating a prolonged impregnation time. This study permitted comparison of the
      relative intensity and duration of these two benzodiazepines: lormetazepam
      appeared to be a short-acting hypnotic while flunitrazepam displayed longer
      modification of the brain electrical activity.

PMID- 4028812
TI  - Invagination of the appendiceal stump for the reduction of peritoneal bacterial
      contamination.

PMID- 4028814
TI  - Baroreceptor pressure regulation after aortic occlusion.

PMID- 4028813
TI  - Naloxone improves myocardial perfusion in hypovolemic shock.

PMID- 4028815
TI  - Pulsatile left atrial-femoral artery bypass aids in limiting myocardial infarct
      size following reperfusion.

PMID- 4028816
TI  - Misadventures in surgical residency: analysis of mistakes during training.

PMID- 4028817
TI  - Associated injuries and alternatives in management of splenic trauma.

PMID- 4028818
TI  - Does the in-service training examination correlate with clinical performance in
      surgery?

PMID- 4028819
TI  - Reticuloendothelial function in the clearance of microaggregates following
      trauma.

PMID- 4028820
TI  - Air-blood barrier thickness and blood gas changes in sepsis.

PMID- 4028821
TI  - Complications of vascular access in a dialysis population.

PMID- 4028823
TI  - The biology of trypanosomes.

PMID- 4028822
TI  - The source of hepatic blood supply influences plasma amino acid patterns.

PMID- 4028824
TI  - Farewell address.

PMID- 4028826
TI  - Some neglected features of psoriatic lesions.

PMID- 4028825
TI  - Dimethyl sulfoxide as a vehicle for food allergy patch tests.

PMID- 4028828
TI  - Corrective cosmetics.

PMID- 4028827
TI  - Latrodectism: black widow spider bites.

PMID- 4028829
TI  - Capsule swallowing: the lean-forward technique.

PMID- 4028830
TI  - Subungual lentigo maligna.
AB  - A case of subungual lentigo maligna and a review of the literature is presented.
      Pigmented lesions involving the nail bed are rare, and should arouse clinical
      suspicion. Examination of biopsy specimens of these lesions is essential to rule
      out malignancy. The treatment of choice of lentigo maligna is surgical excision.

PMID- 4028831
TI  - Acquired ichthyosis in a patient with polycythemia rubra vera.
AB  - Acquired ichthyosis is known to be associated with a variety of systemic diseases
      and to occur secondarily to the intake of some drugs. A 57-year-old woman with
      acquired ichthyosis and polycythemia rubra vera is described.

PMID- 4028832
TI  - Diflorasone diacetate ointment 0.05 percent in conjunction with UVB and tar in a
      modified outpatient Goeckerman regimen.
AB  - Nineteen patients with psoriasis were treated with a modified Goeckerman regimen
      tailored to enhance patient compliance. Treatment consisted of daily coal tar
      emulsion baths at bedtime, followed by the application of 0.05 percent
      diflorasone diacetate ointment. Patients received increasing suberythemal dosages
      of short ultraviolet radiation (UVB) three times weekly at our outpatient
      phototherapy center. The duration of therapy ranged from three to twenty-eight
      weeks. The average number of phototherapy treatments was twenty-nine. Eight
      patients had total clearing of their lesions. Of the remainder, seven had at
      least 75 percent clearing and one had less than 25 percent clearing of psoriasis.
      One patient with psoriatic erythroderma experienced no improvement. Two patients
      did not complete the study. There were no side effects encountered during
      treatment other than periodic excessive erythema. If the two patients who did not
      complete the study are excluded from the results, 88 percent (fifteen of the
      remaining seventeen) had 75 percent or greater resolution of their psoriatic
      eruption and 47 percent (eight of seventeen) had total clearing. This outpatient
      modification of the Goeckerman regimen eliminates the use of cosmetically
      unacceptable topical agents during working hours, promotes patient compliance,
      and presumably contributes to enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

PMID- 4028833
TI  - Effects of mercury-selenium antagonism on mammalian cell division.
AB  - Various combinations of HgCl2 and sodium selenite were administered orally to
      rats and mice in vivo for both chronic and acute treatment. The antagonistic
      interaction and the optimum combination at which the action of HgCl2 could be
      neutralised by Na2SeO3 was investigated. Of the concentrations employed in rats
      when Na2SeO3 was fed after 1 h treatment with HgCl2, the percentage of
      chromosomal abnormalities significantly decreased as compared to animals treated
      with HgCl2 alone. All other experiments with different combinations of HgCl2 and
      Na2SeO3 gave higher frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities as compared to
      Na2SeO3 alone. An acute dose of HgCl2 was lethal, but in combination with Na2SeO3
      at 1 h intervals, the abnormalities decreased to 60%. The results with mice
      showed antagonism in mixtures at higher doses, which was not evident in lower
      doses.

PMID- 4028834
TI  - Sex-influenced CPIB-induction of peroxisomes in rat liver and kidney tissues.
AB  - Male and female rats were used for CPIB-administered inducement of peroxisomes in
      liver and kidney tissues. Male rats respond to CPIB with higher levels of
      peroxisomal proliferation than females. Superoxide dismutase activity does not
      appear to be influenced by CPIB in any of the tissues studied. Aminotriazole
      depressed catalase activity in both males and females.

PMID- 4028835
TI  - Supernumerary chromosomal elements in lymphocytes cultured from phenotypically
      normal human adult males.
AB  - In a group of phenotypically normal men there were approximately 0.24% of
      metaphase lymphocytes with extra chromosomal elements along with the regular 46
      chromosomes. They ranged in size from small acrocentric-acentric elements to
      elements longer than any chromosome arm. These elements have been referred to as
      supernumerary chromosomal elements. No significant effects due to donor's age,
      smoking history, season, storage of blood samples prior to culture, or culture
      medium, were found either in the frequency of supernumerary elements per cell or
      in the frequency of cells with supernumerary elements. Furthermore, the same
      subject did not consistently exhibit supernumerary elements. Furthermore, the
      same subject did not consistently exhibit supernumerary elements when sampled
      during four successive quarters of the year. Some of these elements in pairs were
      identified by G-banding technique as translocation chromosomes bearing long arms
      of chromosome number 2 and presumptive short arms of chromosome 8, acentric long
      arms of chromosome 4, and iso-acentric chromosomes for the long arms of
      chromosome 5. Presumably, more than one type of cytogenetic event occurred in
      their formation. Circumstantial evidence has been presented to show that the
      means of elimination of these supernumerary elements is a process of chromosomal
      disintegration.

PMID- 4028836
TI  - An ovarian chromosome map of Anopheles stephensi.
AB  - A polytene chromosome map of Anopheles stephensi has been prepared from the
      ovarian nurse cells of adult females. Many homologous regions can be recognized
      in comparisons between the ovarian and salivary gland chromosome maps but band
      for band homologies are not readily evident. The preparation of polytene
      chromosomes from ovarian nurse cells is easier than from the larval salivary
      glands and the results more consistent.

PMID- 4028837
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage for research purposes in the immunocompromised host.

PMID- 4028838
TI  - Sleep apnea: when does better become benefit?

PMID- 4028839
TI  - Dipyridamole thallium testing. An alternative form of stress testing in patients
      unable to exercise.

PMID- 4028840
TI  - Smoking cessation.

PMID- 4028841
TI  - Toxic-oil syndrome. Epidemic with an elusive etiology.

PMID- 4028842
TI  - Patients, clinicians, and the science of investigation.

PMID- 4028843
TI  - Safety of outpatient cardiac catheterization.
AB  - In this study, we compared the procedure-related complications of inpatient and
      outpatient cardiac catheterization when performed at the same institution by the
      same group of cardiologists. The majority of the studies were done using a
      brachial arterial cutdown approach. The mean age, sex, cardiac diagnosis, mean
      left ventricular ejection fraction, and the distribution of coronary arterial
      lesions were similar in both groups. There were relatively more patients in the
      New York Heart Association's class 4 in the inpatient group (p less than 0.01).
      In the outpatient group (676 patients), there were no major complications, and
      the rate of minor complications was 1 percent. In the inpatient group (1,106
      patients), the rate of major complications was 0.4 percent and of minor
      complications 1.4 percent. The rates of major, minor, and total complications
      were statistically similar between the two groups. In the outpatient group the
      presence of left main coronary arterial disease, triple-vessel coronary disease,
      a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30 percent, or a history of a
      recent myocardial infarction did not alter rates of complications. The hospital
      related cost of the procedure on an outpatient basis was 26 percent less than on
      an inpatient basis. Our findings indicate that outpatient cardiac
      catheterization, using a brachial cutdown approach, is safe even in a higher risk
      subgroup of patients and provides significant financial savings.

PMID- 4028844
TI  - Pulmonary cell populations in the immunosuppressed patient. Bronchoalveolar
      lavage findings during episodes of pneumonitis.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell populations were determined in 47
      immunosuppressed patients during episodes of pulmonary disease. Thirty six
      patients had AIDS and 11 had conventional causes of immunosuppression. Pulmonary
      disease was due to a variety of infectious and noninfectious causes and was
      similar in both groups. In the AIDS patients, the mean BAL cell proportions were
      64.2 +/- 3.7 percent alveolar macrophages (MACS), 28.7 +/- 3.4 percent
      lymphocytes, 3.5 +/- 1.8 percent polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and 1.6 +/- 0.6
      percent eosinophils (EOS). The non-AIDS group had similar findings in the BAL,
      with 59.3 +/- 8.3 percent MACS, 34.8 +/- 7.2 percent lymphocytes, 5.5 +/- 1.7
      percent PMN and 0.4 +/- 0.2 percent EOS. The most striking finding in each group
      was a significant increase in both the proportion and absolute number of
      lymphocytes compared to controls. This was in marked contrast to the peripheral
      blood findings of lymphopenia. There was no characteristic cell profile
      diagnostic of any specific pulmonary disease. There was also no direct
      relationship of the cells present to respiratory symptoms, roentgenographic
      abnormalities or survival from pulmonary disease. This study demonstrates that
      although there was wide individual variation in lavage findings, a local
      pulmonary inflammatory reaction consisting predominantly of lymphocytes occurs in
      the immunosuppressed host during episodes of lung disease. The significance of
      this lymphocyte alveolitis and the complex host pathogen interaction responsible
      for determining the cell populations present in the lungs of these patients
      requires further study.

PMID- 4028845
TI  - Chest percussion and postural drainage in patients with bronchiectasis.
AB  - Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been treated routinely
      with chest physical therapy for many years in spite of a lack of scientific
      validation of this procedure. Only recently have the indications for chest
      physical therapy been clarified. It is currently believed that such therapy is
      especially beneficial in patients with copious secretions, and that it is less
      effective in patients with scanty secretions. No study has specifically evaluated
      the efficacy of chest physical therapy in patients with bronchiectasis. We
      accordingly evaluated 13 patients with stable bronchiectasis to determine the
      effects of chest physical therapy on pulmonary function, arterial oxygenation,
      and sputum production and to assess whether this therapy was associated with any
      significant side-effects. We found that chest physical therapy was safe and well
      tolerated and assisted the patients in mobilization of their sputum. However,
      such therapy had no immediate delayed effects on pulmonary function or oxygen
      saturation.

PMID- 4028846
TI  - Lung sound analysis for continuous evaluation of airflow obstruction in asthma.
AB  - We developed a system for monitoring airflow obstruction noninvasively, based on
      the principle that the proportion of the breath cycle occupied by wheezing
      (Tw/Ttot) in any one subject corresponds to the severity of airways obstruction.
      Lung sounds were recorded continuously from the chest wall. Fifty 250 ms sound
      segments were randomly chosen from five-minute periods and analyzed for the
      presence or absence of wheezes. The proportion with wheezes was used as an
      estimate of Tw/Ttot (Est Tw/Ttot). For 12 wheezy patients, there was a good
      correlation between the Est Tw/Ttot and the forced expiratory volume in one
      second (r = 0.893, p less than 0.001). The system was used to evaluate nocturnal
      asthma. Five subjects were studied over eight nights. It was found that there was
      more wheezing from 4:00 to 4:30 AM than from midnight to 12:30 AM (p less than
      0.05). This technique may prove useful in continuous, noninvasive monitoring of
      wheezy patients.

PMID- 4028847
TI  - Site of airflow obstruction during early and late phase asthmatic responses to
      allergen bronchoprovocation.
AB  - Chronic asthma and late asthmatic responses (LAR) are associated with local
      inflammation which might be expected to produce airflow obstruction in small
      airways and to increase nonspecific airway reactivity. In contrast, early
      asthmatic responses (EAR) are primarily bronchospastic and probably involve more
      central airways. We challenged 17 nonsmoking, mildly asthmatic atopic subjects
      with allergen bronchoprovocation and measured changes in spirometry (FEV1) over
      the next 24 hours. Each subject also performed a helium-oxygen (He-O2) flow
      volume loop before challenge (baseline), during the EAR, and six hours and 24
      hours after challenge to measure the effect of gas density on flow rates at
      midvital capacity. Twelve subjects had both an EAR and a LAR; five subjects had
      only a LAR. Of these 17 subjects, 15 were initially density dependent, while only
      two were density independent. During the EAR, 13 percent of the density dependent
      population had significant decreases in delta Vmax 50 percent; 47 percent had
      significant decreases during LAR. The He-O2 flow data analyzed at specified time
      points after challenge revealed significant decreases in the mean delta Vmax 50
      percent at six hours in those who had only a LAR (p less than 0.01). In those who
      had a dual airway response, density dependence increased during the EAR, but
      decreased at six and significantly at 24 hours (p less than 0.05) postchallenge.
      There was a strong trend for the severity of the LAR (measured by changes in
      FEV1) to be directly related to the total decrease in delta Vmax 50 percent
      during the LAR. We conclude that late asthmatic responses occur frequently after
      a single antigenic bronchial challenge and can be associated with persistent
      symptoms. The LAR were often associated with a decrease in density dependence of
      maximal expiratory airflow, and therefore, may involve small airways.

PMID- 4028849
TI  - Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. One-year followup.
AB  - Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), originally evaluated in 66 patients with
      objectively documented sleep apnea syndrome, was successful in 33 of the patients
      as indicated by clinical and polysomnographic improvements. One-year followup
      polysomnographic evaluations were obtained in 20 of these patients; the remaining
      13 were lost to followup. After one year, the patients maintained the
      improvements seen at the six-week evaluation. Frequency and duration of apnea was
      significantly reduced from presurgery levels and similar to the six-week results.
      Oxygenation measures also did not differ from the six-week results, remaining
      better than presurgery values. Thus, respiration did not disrupt sleep to the
      degree it had before surgery. Sleep measures were improved compared to presurgery
      and similar to the six-week data. Body weight remained stable over the entire
      period.

PMID- 4028848
TI  - Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Persistent asthma syndrome after
      high level irritant exposures.
AB  - Ten individuals developed an asthma-like illness after a single exposure to high
      levels of an irritating vapor, fume, or smoke. In most instances, the high level
      exposure was the result of an accident occurring in the workplace or a situation
      where there was poor ventilation and limited air exchange in the area. In all
      cases, symptoms developed within a few hours and often minutes after exposure. We
      have designated the illness as reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS)
      because a consistent physiologic accompaniment was airways hyperreactivity. When
      tested, all subjects showed positive methacholine challenge tests. No documented
      preexisting respiratory illness was identified nor did subjects relate past
      respiratory complaints. In two subjects, atopy was documented, but in all others,
      no evidence of allergy was identified. In the majority of the cases, there was
      persistence of respiratory symptoms and continuation of airways hyperreactivity
      for more than one year and often several years after the incident. The
      incriminated etiologic agent varied, but all shared a common characteristic of
      being irritant in nature. In two cases, bronchial biopsy specimens were
      available, and an airways inflammatory response was noted. This investigation
      suggests acute high level, uncontrolled irritant exposures may cause an asthma
      like syndrome in some individuals which is different from typical occupational
      asthma. It can lead to long-term sequelae and chronic airways disease.
      Nonimmunologic mechanisms seem operative in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

PMID- 4028850
TI  - Toxic-oil syndrome. Gallium-67 scanning and bronchoalveolar lavage studies in
      patients with abnormal lung function.
AB  - The toxic-oil syndrome (TOS) is a multisystem disorder whose etiology and
      pathogenesis are as yet unknown. Lung alterations persist in a significant number
      of TOS patients due to the underlying vascular lesion. Computer-assisted 67Ga
      scanning and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) studies were performed in 14 TOS
      patients with sustained abnormal diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dco). No
      significant difference was observed between the 67Ga uptake index of the TOS and
      control populations. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the number
      of effector cells recovered from the lungs of TOS patients and controls by
      bronchoalveolar lavage. However, a rise in IgA and IgG concentrations (p less
      than 0.002) and a fall in alpha 1-antitrypsin (p less than 0.05) and transferrin
      (p less than 0.01) were observed in the TOS group. Phospholipid and lecithin
      concentrations in the lavage fluid were similar for patients and controls. The
      alveolar macrophage function assayed in three TOS patients was normal. These
      observations raise new questions about the outcome of lung pathology in TOS and
      warrant further follow-up studies of the lung abnormalities observed.

PMID- 4028851
TI  - Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic diagnosis of posterior wall
      myocardial infarction. Significance of the T wave.
AB  - The electrocardiographic diagnosis of posterior wall myocardial infarction
      remains elusive. To determine discriminating criteria a group of 27 patients with
      posterior infarction proven by biplane angiocardiography were compared to 97
      controls. All patients had single-vessel obstruction of the circumflex artery or
      one of its major branches (greater than or equal to 75 percent area stenosis)
      without occlusive disease in the other coronary arteries. High-frequency, high
      gain electrocardiograms and Cube and McFee vectorcardiograms were analyzed.
      Pathologic Q waves in the inferior leads were present in only 22 percent (six) of
      the patients; increased R-wave amplitude or duration in the right precordial
      leads was found in 17 to 26 percent, and an R/S ratio greater than or equal to I
      in lead V1 or greater than or equal to 1.5 in lead V2 was present in 22 percent
      (six) of patients. Vectorcardiographic criteria which improved the diagnostic
      yield were: (1) the presence of a QRS loop mostly anterior to the E point, and
      (2) the presence of an abnormally anterior T wave. This abnormal T-wave shift was
      present in over 70 percent of the patients with posterior infarctions and was
      clearly discernible from the 12-lead ECG, as manifested by tall T waves in lead
      V2 and flat T waves in lead V6. To approximate the T-wave angle in the 12-lead
      scalar ECG, an index was calculated by subtracting the amplitude of the T wave in
      lead V6 from its amplitude in lead V2 (T2-T6 index). An index of 0.38 mV or more
      yielded a sensitivity of 81 percent and a specificity of 75 percent; however,
      this was not as discriminating as the vectorcardiogram where a T angle of 60
      degrees or more in the horizontal plane yielded a sensitivity of 70 percent and a
      specificity of 97 percent.

PMID- 4028852
TI  - Changes in the pulmonary glucocorticoid receptor content in the course of
      interstitial disease.
AB  - The level of cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors (GR) was measured in 12 open
      chest lung biopsies of interstitial pulmonary diseases. The results showed an
      increase in the GR content in the diseased lungs correlated to the degree of
      septal cellularity in nine cases. Two pulmonary sarcoidosis and one end-stage
      idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients presented higher levels of GR than those
      predicted by the septal cellularity. It was concluded that the GR content of the
      lungs increases in the course of interstitial diseases, reflecting the number of
      cells that express cytosolic GR in pulmonary parenchyma.

PMID- 4028853
TI  - Measurement of tidal breath by determination of chest wall volume displacement in
      patients with airflow obstruction.
AB  - We compared tidal volume (VT) measured from the integrated airflow signal of a
      pneumotachygraph (PNTG) in ten patients, seated comfortably, with airway
      obstruction to VT, recorded simultaneously, by three chest-wall volume
      displacement methods: two-channel magnetometer, isovolume calibration (mag-isov);
      respiratory inductance plethysmograph, isovolume calibration (rip-isov); and,
      inductance plethysmograph, least squares calibration (rip-l sq). There was no
      difference between VT, measured without PNTG, with each of the methods. When
      mouthpiece, noseclips, PNTG, and finally, dead space were included in a breathing
      circuit, VT increased to approximately one and one-half times that measured
      without the mouthpiece. Inspiratory volumes were measured with similar error by
      each method (mag-isov, 8.61 +/- 5.73 percent SD; rip-isov, 9.30 +/- 6.12 percent
      SD; rip-l sq, 8.43 +/- 6.27 percent SD). We conclude that in airway obstruction
      patients seated in a constant position, over the range of inspiratory volumes
      studied, error associated with chest wall volume-displacement methods is no
      greater than in normal subjects.

PMID- 4028854
TI  - Chyliform (cholesterol) pleural effusion.
AB  - Chyliform pleural effusions are a little known occurrence only sparingly reported
      in the literature. At the lung department in Uppsala, Sweden, 11 cases have been
      seen the last few years. Typically, the exudate develops in a long-standing
      pleural thickening resulting from therapeutic pneumothorax many years earlier.
      The exudate contains a high level of cholesterol, probably breakdown products
      from blood cells. It is usually sterile, and only very rarely can one find
      tubercle bacilli growing from it. There is a tendency toward recurrence. If the
      patient benefits clinically from aspiration of the fluid, decortication is
      indicated.

PMID- 4028856
TI  - Are active and passive smoking harmful? Determining causation.
AB  - Assessing the evidence regarding any causal question involves examining the
      strength of the studies conducted and applying a series of "diagnostic tests" for
      causation. We have reviewed the strength of the evidence incriminating smoking as
      a cause of lung cancer, and passive smoking as a cause of respiratory illness and
      decreased pulmonary function in children. There are eight prospective studies of
      smoking and lung cancer which have consistently shown a strong relationship.
      These studies have confirmed the temporality of the association and demonstrated
      a dose-response gradient. The studies addressing the effects of passive smoking
      in children are considerably weaker. Although they are consistent in suggesting
      increased infections for children less than one year of age, neither increased
      risk nor a dose-response gradient is consistently found in older children and the
      effect size, when present, is small. The rules for assessing causation applied
      here can be used to integrate new information concerning the health hazards of
      smoking.

PMID- 4028855
TI  - Effects of noradrenaline and isoproterenol on cardiopulmonary function in a
      canine model of acute pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - The authors investigated acute cardiopulmonary effects of noradrenaline and
      isoproterenol infusion in a canine model of increased pulmonary vascular
      resistance (PVR) and decreased cardiac output (CO). In six anesthetized,
      ventilated dogs, autologous blood clots were injected over approximately two
      hours to increase right ventricular (RV) afterload and decrease CO. After CO had
      decreased 40 percent dogs were treated with noradrenaline or isoproterenol in
      alternate sequence. Both drugs increased stroke volume but only isoproterenol
      affected CO. Flow increased from 1.3 to 3.0 L X min-1 (p less than .01) with
      isoproterenol infusion. Corresponding to the increase in CO, RV filling pressure
      and PVR decreased, from 9 to 5 mm Hg, and from 36 to 16 mm Hg X L-1 X min (p less
      than .01) respectively. When a moderate decrease in CO complicates an acute
      increase in PVR, isoproterenol may be an excellent drug to treat the decrease in
      flow.

PMID- 4028857
TI  - Marfan's syndrome presenting as a type 3 aortic dissection.

PMID- 4028858
TI  - Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma to the heart. Unusual cause of angina
      decubitus and cardiac murmur.
AB  - A 61-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with the new onset of angina at
      rest and an ECG consistent with anterior wall ischemia. She was also noted to
      have a new cardiac murmur. Eighteen months earlier, she had been treated for
      squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue. Thirteen months ago, she had
      local recurrence treated with radiotherapy, but had no evidence of recurrent or
      metastatic disease at the time of present admission. Echocardiography revealed
      intracardiac and extracardiac masses; surgical biopsy confirmed metastatic
      carcinoma to the heart which was responsible for her symptoms and the new murmur.
      Symptomatic cardiac metastases from squamous cell carcinoma is an unusual
      situation which, in this case, was easily diagnosed with echocardiography.

PMID- 4028859
TI  - Pseudo-pseudo-pseudotumor of the lung.
AB  - Benign lesions may simulate bronchogenic carcinoma by virtue of radiologic
      appearance or false-positive cytologic studies. A lung opacity initially
      suspected to be malignant was, on review, considered to be a loculated effusion.
      Needle biopsy yielded cells which appeared malignant. The resected lesion was a
      benign infarct.

PMID- 4028860
TI  - Ostial left main stenosis following repair of a ruptured sinus of Valsalva
      aneurysm.
AB  - A patient complained of angina pectoris nine months after surgical repair of an
      aortic right atrial fistula and mitral valve replacement. Subsequently, he was
      shown to have a new obstruction of the ostium of the left main coronary artery.
      This case illustrates the need to consider this syndrome in the differential
      diagnosis of postoperative complaints of chest pain, especially following an
      operation which involves direct cannulation of the coronary arteries.

PMID- 4028861
TI  - Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis associated with tuberous sclerosis. Treatment with
      tamoxifen and tetracycline-pleurodesis.
AB  - A 44-year-old woman was seen with the clinical and histologic picture of
      lymphangiomyomatosis syndrome. She also had dermatologic and neurologic stigmata
      of tuberous sclerosis. After the development of a recurring chylothorax, she had
      a downhill course unresponsive to dietary, bronchodilator, corticosteroid and
      progesterone therapy. In an open lung specimen, the search for steroid receptor
      for estrogen was positive. The discovery in this case of an estrogen receptor
      represents important evidence for establishing an association between tuberous
      sclerosis and lymphangiomyomatosis. Tamoxifen therapy and tetracycline
      pleurodesis were successful in stopping the progressive course and controlling
      the chylothorax.

PMID- 4028862
TI  - Massive hemoptysis associated with foreign body removal.
AB  - Exsanguinating hemoptysis accompanied removal of an endobronchial foreign body in
      a 12-year-old child. Preparations to treat this complication should be made prior
      to removal of any foreign body of prolonged sojourn in the tracheobronchial tree.

PMID- 4028864
TI  - "Saw-tooth" pattern in the flow-volume loop.

PMID- 4028863
TI  - Dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta with aorto-caval fistula. Fiberoptic
      oximetric findings and surgical management.
AB  - A patient presented the rare complication of a dissecting aneurysm of the
      ascending aorta ruptured into the superior vena cava producing a left-right
      fistula. Continuous oximetric measurements by a fiberoptic pulmonary artery
      floated catheter was used to localize the site of the shunt. Emergency surgical
      repair was successfully performed.

PMID- 4028865
TI  - Preventing PPC.

PMID- 4028866
TI  - Bronchoscopy in patients with gastroparesis.

PMID- 4028867
TI  - Medical decisions in a context of conflicts.

PMID- 4028868
TI  - Legal issues in withholding or withdrawing medical treatment.

PMID- 4028869
TI  - Diagnostic imaging in hypertension.

PMID- 4028870
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone after subcutaneous and intravenous
      administration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone (CRO) after subcutaneous and intravenous
      administration was studied in 10 healthy volunteers (5 males, 5 females, age 22
      43 years, body weight 64.3 +/- 9.5 kg). Each of them received 2.0 g CRO i.v., and
      then 0.5 g i.v. and 0.5 g CRO s.c. in a randomized cross-over design.
      Subcutaneous administration of ceftriaxone was tolerable in combination with
      lidocaine. Serum and urine concentrations were determined by high performance
      liquid chromatography and for comparison with a bioassay. Mean serum
      concentrations were high after intravenous administration: 258 +/- 40 mg/1 (0
      min, 2 g i.v.) resp. 84 +/- 40 mg/1 (0 min, 0.5 g i.v.). They declined to 11.6 +/
      4.2 mg/1 (2 g) resp. 6.5 +/- 2.2 mg/1 (0.5 g i.v.) within 24 h. Following
      subcutaneous application peak serum concentrations of 37.1 +/- 5.6 mg/1 were
      found after 138 +/- 49 min and a mean serum concentration of 6.6 +/- 1.6 mg/1
      after 24 h. Concentrations of free ceftriaxone, determined by ultrafiltration,
      were 9.2 +/- 2.7% of total concentrations from 25 to 200 mg/1. Cumulated urine
      recoveries over a period of 24 h were: 51.2 +/- 8.9% (2 g i.v.), 47.1 +/- 7.9%
      (0.5 g i.v.) and 39.7 +/- 9.5% (0.5 g s.c.). There was no evidence for the
      presence of a microbiologically active metabolite in urine. Comparison of
      pharmacokinetic parameters for the 0.5 g dose did not show relevant differences
      between intravenous and subcutaneous administration (using an open two
      compartment model): t beta 1/2 (min) 514 +/- 104 (s.c.), 592 +/- 133 (i.v.),
      VD,Area (1) 11.9 +/- 3.8 (s.c.), 13.3 +/- 3.8 (i.v.) and AUCtot (mg X h/1) 515 +/
      106 (s.c.) and 549 +/- 125 (i.v.). Bioavailability of the subcutaneous
      application was 0.96 +/- 0.26. For the 2 g i.v. dose the known nondosis-dependent
      kinetics was observed. Subcutaneous administration of ceftriaxone appears to be a
      possible alternative to the intravenous route in selected clinical situations or
      cases.

PMID- 4028871
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of lymecycline and doxycycline in serum and suction blister
      fluid.
AB  - In an open, random, cross-over trial, 8 young healthy volunteers were given
      standard doses of lymecycline and doxycycline for 2 days to achieve steady state.
      The pharmacokinetics of each tetracycline in serum and dermal, suction blister
      fluid were determined after oral doses of 300 mg lymecycline or 100 mg
      doxycycline on the 3rd day. Serum concentrations were higher for lymecycline than
      for doxycycline, the difference being statistically significant from 3 to 9 h
      after dosing. Also blister concentrations were higher for lymecycline than for
      doxycycline, though the difference was not statistically significant. The serum
      half-life for lymecycline was close to 10 h, for doxycycline 12 h. According to
      our results, both lymecycline and doxycycline should be regarded as 'intermediate
      acting' tetracyclines, and each should consequently be dosed twice daily.

PMID- 4028872
TI  - Biliary elimination of apalcillin in cholecystectomized patients.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic examinations were performed in 5 patients with bile-duct drainage
      following cholecystectomy and choledochus revision with 2 g of apalcillin over 20
      min intravenously. In comparison to healthy volunteers they had significantly
      longer half-life values and long persisting serum concentrations over a period of
      24 h. The biliary elimination rate of apalcillin correlated with the hepatic
      function of the patients and was with 4.3% on the average distinctly lower than
      that of healthy volunteers, whereby the bile, however, could probably not be
      collected quantitatively in cases of open papilla. Compensatory excretion of
      apalcillin took place via the kidneys and, considering the metabolites A1 and A2,
      it amounted to a total of 73%.

PMID- 4028873
TI  - Relative antibacterial efficacy of clindamycin and metronidazole against
      Bacteroides fragilis in vitro and in experimentally infected mice.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of clindamycin and metronidazole against Bacteroides
      fragilis was quantitated in vitro by MIC determination and colony counting at 24
      h and in vivo from the effects on an experimental B. fragilis infection in mice;
      this infection was established after co-inoculation of B. fragilis and
      Escherichia coli. In vitro, clindamycin was 8 to 16 times more effective than
      metronidazole in terms of MIC values, and more than 30 times according to colony
      counts at 24 h. In vivo clindamycin was almost 8 times less effective than
      metronidazole according to dose. This was partly due to its less favorable
      pharmacokinetic properties, but clindamycin was still only 1.6 times more
      effective than metronidazole according to free plasma concentrations. In vivo
      neither clindamycin nor metronidazole had any antibacterial effect against E.
      coli. The discrepancy between the in vivo and in vitro results for B. fragilis is
      discussed.

PMID- 4028874
TI  - Synergistic antiviral effects of acyclovir and vidarabine on herpes simplex
      infection in newborn mice.
AB  - 277 5-7-day-old white Swiss mice were infected intranasally with Herpes simplex
      virus type 2 (HSV2) to mimic disseminated herpetic infection in human newborns.
      The antiviral efficacy of acyclovir, vidarabine and specific antiserum (SAS)
      alone and in combination was assessed. A significant increase in survival rate
      (52%) was observed with the combination of acyclovir (80 mg/kg/day) and
      vidarabine (125 mg/kg/day) compared to either compound (24 and 6%, respectively)
      when therapy was begun 30 h after infection and continued daily for the next 4
      days. Combinations of acyclovir, vidarabine and SAS had less protective effect
      (8%) than acyclovir with SAS (32%) or vidarabine with SAS (12%). No improvement
      was observed in survival rate of HSV2-infected mice treated with SAS as compared
      with controls (0% and 5%, respectively). These results suggest the enhanced
      antiherpes effect in newborn mice is due to synergism of acyclovir and
      vidarabine, a combination deserving further evaluation for the treatment of HSV2
      infections in humans.

PMID- 4028875
TI  - Variation in microbial survival and growth in intravenous fluids.
AB  - The survival and growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, as well as a yeast,
      was studied in intravenous fluids over a 3-day period. Solutions were
      experimentally contaminated with pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli,
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides fragilis and Candida
      albicans. Samples of these solutions were tested on each day up to 3 days for
      determining viable numbers of the organisms by a membrane filtration method. Each
      organism showed a different survival/growth pattern in various infusion fluids.
      In 5% dextrose, C. albicans multiplied but only 2-3% of the initial viable cells
      of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus were detected after 3 days. In 0.9%
      sodium chloride, C. albicans and S. aureus showed growth and E. coli remained
      viable, but P. aeruginosa was not detected after 72 h. In lactated Ringer's
      solution, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans grew but E. coli and S. aureus were not
      detected after 72 h. In the amino acid solution, C. albicans, S. aureus and E.
      coli grew but P. aeruginosa and B. fragilis were not detected. Results indicate
      that the pattern of microbial survival and growth may be substantially different
      in various intravenous fluids.

PMID- 4028876
TI  - Learning impotence and the Peter Pan fantasy.

PMID- 4028877
TI  - Interparental ratings of temperament for high and low risk infants.

PMID- 4028878
TI  - From pediatrician to therapist--a bridge to cross.

PMID- 4028880
TI  - Study of a diagnostic profile of the borderline syndrome in childhood and trends
      in treatment outcome.

PMID- 4028879
TI  - Emotionally disturbed, adopted, inpatient adolescents.

PMID- 4028881
TI  - Teenage mothers.

PMID- 4028882
TI  - Bridging the gap between hospital and home.

PMID- 4028883
TI  - Inhalant abuse: an emerging problem among Mexican American adolescents.

PMID- 4028884
TI  - Working with families who donate organs and tissues.

PMID- 4028885
TI  - Nurses provide more than health care. Migrant workers clinic.

PMID- 4028886
TI  - Operating a primary prevention program. A blueprint for survival.

PMID- 4028887
TI  - [The peritoneum. Anatomical bases].

PMID- 4028888
TI  - [Pathologic-anatomic relations between peritonitis and sepsis].

PMID- 4028889
TI  - [Modified partial duodenopancreatectomy with preservation of the stomach,
      proximal gastric vagotomy and pancreatic duct occlusion].
AB  - From 1979 till 1984 a modified partial duodenopancreatectomy was performed in 22
      patients with preservation of the stomach, proximal gastric vagotomy, and
      occlusion of the pancreatic duct. If occlusion of the duct was performed without
      a pancreatojejunostomy 6 of 12 patients developed a spontaneously healing
      pancreatic fistula. In 10 patients with duct occlusion and a pancreatojejunostomy
      no fistulae were observed. Exocrine and, if necessary, endocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency could be compensated sufficiently medically and by diet. In
      comparison to the original Whipple's operation preservation of the stomach seems
      to influence favourably the body weight and thus the quality of life. The
      proximal gastric vagotomy is performed to prevent anastomic ulcers.

PMID- 4028891
TI  - [Is rigid rectoscopy obsolete?].
AB  - Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy more and more replaces sigmoidoscopy with a
      rigid tube. In a retrospective series of 152 rigid sigmoidoscopies we analysed
      depth of endoscopy and findings. In 36% of patients without anaesthesia endoscopy
      had to be stopped at 15 cm and in further 31% at 20 cm leading to a highly
      significant difference to the anesthetized patients (p less than 0.0005). A good
      history of the present illness allows separating of bleeding carcinoma and polyps
      proximal to the sigmoid colon which have to be examined by colonoscopy. In
      routine screening for blood loss per anum it is desirable to achieve in all
      patients a maximal security not to overlook a finding, because of the medical
      costs. We have enlarged the list of indications for the rigid sigmoidoscopy by
      Marks et al. as a practical compromise: delineation of rectal lesions, side
      localization and critical rectal measurements, surveillance of disease states or
      anastomoses within its reach, for performing rectal biopsy and rectal
      polypectomy, in patients with possible contamination of the instrument, endoscopy
      in the anesthetized patient before a proctological operation if case history
      excludes a higher sited lesion. In all other cases there is an indication for
      colonoscopy or barium contrast enema. It is stressed that in patients with blood
      loss per anum the search for the source always is done by flexible fiberoptic
      sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 4028890
TI  - [Correlation of clinical and computed tomographic findings for therapy and
      prognosis of acute pancreatitis].
AB  - A prospective study was performed in 156 patients with acute pancreatitis to find
      out the value of computed tomography for the diagnosis and early prognosis. The
      CT finding leads to a diagnosis and differentiation in 3 risk groups similar to
      the clinical staging. The prognostic value of CT depends on the reproducible
      grading of pancreatic swelling and the grade of extrapancreatic fluid
      collections. CT finding correlates with early prognostic factors and the clinical
      staging, leading to different risk groups which allows an adequate stage
      depending therapy of patients with acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 4028892
TI  - [Stable, distraction-free wire cerclage].

PMID- 4028893
TI  - [Free perforation of the colon in Crohn disease].

PMID- 4028894
TI  - [Multiple liver abscesses--a rare complication of Crohn disease].

PMID- 4028895
TI  - [Preoperative vascular control of the splenic pedicle in high-risk splenectomy.
      Experience in 3 cases].

PMID- 4028896
TI  - [Nodular recurrence after thyroid surgery, excluding cancer].

PMID- 4028897
TI  - [Darier-Ferrand dermatofibrosarcoma. Study of 96 cases over 15 years].

PMID- 4028898
TI  - [Somatization. A surgical emergency to be recognized].

PMID- 4028899
TI  - [Metastatic pulmonary hydatidosis of inferior vena cava origin. Apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 4028900
TI  - [Secondary amputation of the rectum for neoplastic recurrence after rectal
      resection. Personal experience in 11 cases].

PMID- 4028901
TI  - [Actuarial study of 148 thyroid papillary cancers].

PMID- 4028902
TI  - [Aorto-ilio-femoral venous grafts. 66 cases. 60 surgically treated patients].

PMID- 4028903
TI  - [Cancer of the rectum. Clinical and anatomopathological study and factors in
      survival].

PMID- 4028904
TI  - [Extension to the trachea of pneumonectomies for bronchial cancer. Apropos of 46
      cases].

PMID- 4028905
TI  - Ethanol pharmacokinetics in healthy man: Michaelis-Menten parameters and the
      circadian rhythm.
AB  - Eleven presumed healthy subjects ingested in random order 3 different doses of
      ethanol (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 g X kg body weight-1) at 4 different times of day (0600,
      1200, 1800, 0000). The rates of ethanol metabolism were measured by calculating
      the rate of decline of the linear portion of a plot of urinary concentration of
      ethanol against time (making correction for the ratio of ethanol in blood and
      urine). The rate of metabolism depended upon the dose of ethanol ingested and the
      peak concentration of urinary ethanol. The results lend further support to the
      view that the metabolic removal of ethanol can be described by Michaelis-Menten
      kinetics. Estimates of the Michaelis-Menten parameters Km and Vmax were made by
      considering the curvilinear portion of the decay curve at low concentrations. The
      values of these varied with time of ethanol ingestion; in particular, variation
      in Vmax can substantially account for the circadian rhythm of ethanol metabolism
      that had been measured previously.

PMID- 4028907
TI  - Diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in absence of classical typical clinical signs
      and/or histological findings.

PMID- 4028906
TI  - Copper and zinc level in biological samples from healthy subjects of vegetarian
      food habit in reference to community environment.
AB  - Many epidemiologists have found a correlation between copper and zinc in the
      community environment and diseases, such as myocardial and vascular pathologies,
      and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the total daily intake
      of these two metals in cooked food, drinking water and air and their respective
      levels in blood and urine. A chronobiological methodology has been adopted to
      establish the reference values of these two metals in biological samples. It has
      been observed that the daily intake of copper is within the recommended value,
      whereas its urinary excretion is high. The daily intake of zinc is below the
      recommended value and its urinary excretion is also high. Both the metals showed
      a temporal oscillation pattern in blood and urine. A possible chronic zinc
      deficiency has been anticipated in this particular ethnic group of vegetarian
      food habit.

PMID- 4028908
TI  - Effects of exogenous secretin on pancreatic and biliary ductal and sphincteric
      pressures in man demonstrated by endoscopic manometry and correlation with plasma
      secretin levels.
AB  - An endoscopic manometric technique was used to investigate the effects of
      exogenous secretin on pancreatic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct
      sphincter, and bile duct sphincter pressures in 20 healthy volunteers. Synthetic
      secretin was infused intravenously at rates of 8.05, 16.1, 32.2, 64.4, 129, 258,
      and 516 ng/kg/hr, and plasma secretin concentrations were measured by a
      radioimmunoassay. Secretin produced a significant fall in peak and trough
      pancreatic duct sphincter pressures from basal values of 48.2 +/- 7.9 mm Hg (mean
      +/- SD) and 16.9 +/- 7.7 mm Hg, respectively, to 34.4 +/- 6.8 mm Hg and 11.2 +/-
      5.8 mm Hg (P less 0.005), respectively, at a mean plasma secretin concentration
      of 16 pg/ml (during an infusion rate of 32.2 ng/kg/hr). Higher infusion rates had
      no additional effect. Pancreatic duct pressure became significantly elevated
      above basal (11.5 +/- 4.0 mm Hg) at the two highest secretin rates. Secretin had
      no effect on common bile duct or bile duct sphincter pressures. Plasma secretin
      concentrations were within the postprandial range during the lowest four secretin
      infusion rates. We conclude that secretin produces selective physiological
      relaxation of the pancreatic duct sphincter.

PMID- 4028909
TI  - Pancreatic phlegmon. Clinical features and course.
AB  - The clinical course of 19 patients with pancreatic phlegmon, as diagnosed by
      computed tomography (CT) and clinical criteria, was assessed retrospectively and
      compared to that of eight patients with pancreatic abscess diagnosed either at
      surgery or with percutaneous aspiration. Controls consisted of 55 patients with
      uncomplicated acute pancreatitis without CT scans and 11 patients with acute
      pancreatitis in whom CT scans were negative or only consistent with acute
      pancreatitis (no phlegmon). The age, sex, and presumed etiology of the
      pancreatitis were not significantly different in the four groups. Patients with
      phlegmon had a higher incidence of severe pancreatitis as defined by Ranson's
      criteria, presence of an abdominal mass, as well as a longer duration of fever,
      abdominal pain and leukocytosis than controls without CT scans. With the
      exception of a palpable abdominal mass and fever lasting over five days, the
      results were similar when comparing the phlegmon group and controls with CT
      scans, although the severity of the disease and prolonged abdominal pain tended
      to be increased in the former patients. There was no statistically significant
      difference in clinical or laboratory criteria between the phlegmon and abscess
      groups, although the latter group had longer hospital stays and periods with no
      oral intake (npo). Management of patients with phlegmon tended to include TPN,
      longer npo periods, antibiotics, and longer hospital stay than in controls
      without CT scans. Controls with CT scans were managed similarly to the phlegmon
      group because of prolonged amylase elevation and abdominal pain. Percutaneous
      aspiration was successful in differentiating abscess from phlegmon in five of six
      cases. Major complications were rare in the phlegmon group and spontaneous
      resolution was the rule. Pancreatic phlegmon is a distinct clinical/radiologic
      entity which may be very difficult to differentiate clinically from pancreatic
      abscess. Early percutaneous thin-needle aspiration of the inflammatory mass
      (under CT guidance) seems to be the diagnostic procedure of choice. Management is
      nonsurgical unless complications arise. The role of TPN and antibiotics is
      unknown, and controlled studies of these therapeutic approaches in pancreatic
      phlegmon are needed.

PMID- 4028910
TI  - Gastroesophageal sphincter pressure and histological changes in distal esophagus
      in patients with achalasia of the esophagus.
AB  - A prospective study was performed in 17 patients with achalasia of the esophagus
      determining the manometric characteristics of the gastroesophageal sphincter,
      correlating it with histological analysis by biopsies taken during surgery at the
      distal narrowed segment of the esophagus, at the location of the sphincter. The
      histological findings were compared to 10 control cases. Presence or absence of
      ganglion cells at the Auerbach's plexuses and appearance of smooth muscle fibers
      were evaluated. Only one case (6%) had Chagas' disease. The mean sphincter
      pressure was 41 mm Hg, with incomplete relaxation in all patients. Histological
      analysis showed a complete disappearance of ganglion cells in 94% of the cases
      and a decrease in the number of neurons with marked chronic inflammatory cells in
      one case (6%). In all control cases, the ganglion cells were normal. Smooth
      muscle fibers were normal on light microscopy. No relationship was found between
      resting gastroesophageal sphincter pressure, length and relaxation, and
      histological findings at the distal esophagus. These findings suggest that the
      denervation in the majority of cases is located in the Auerbach plexus, with
      complete absence of ganglion cells and, therefore, absence of postganglionic
      nerve fibers.

PMID- 4028911
TI  - Effect of vagal blockade on food- and hormone-stimulated release of pancreatic
      polypeptide and motilin in dogs.
AB  - Vagal control of food- and hormone-stimulated release of pancreatic polypeptide
      (PP) and motilin was investigated in four conscious dogs by examining the effect
      of cryogenic vagosympathetic blockade. The postprandial PP response of 189 +/- 7
      pM was totally, although reversibly, inhibited to 58 +/- 11 pM with the vagi
      blocked. Similarly, bombesin-, CCK-OP-, or neurotensin-stimulated PP release was
      abolished. Although the PP response to intraduodenal perfusion of an elemental
      diet was also reduced by blockade, the 52 +/- 15% inhibition was less than
      observed with the meal. In contrast to PP, plasma motilin fell after the meal
      from a fasting level of 128 +/- 16 pM to a nadir of 52 +/- 7 pM. Vagal blockade
      reversed this decline as plasma motilin rose to a peak of 121 +/- 18 pM with a
      pattern resembling the motilin response in the interdigestive state. This motilin
      increment during blockade was inhibited by atropine and by infusion of porcine
      PP. Plasma motilin also fell with the elemental diet, but this response was not
      affected by blockade. During infusion of bombesin, plasma motilin rose by 60 +/-
      9 pM; vagal blockade augmented this increment twofold. Thus, the PP response to a
      meal and to hormonal stimulation is controlled by a vagal cholinergic excitatory
      pathway. However, intestinal release of PP is mediated in part by the vagus and
      in part by a vagally independent mechanism which may be neural or hormonal.
      Alternatively, vagal noncholinergic inhibition is a major mechanism modulating
      the motilin response after oral food but motilin release exclusively from
      intestinal nutriments is mediated by nonvagal, noncholinergic
      mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028912
TI  - Diagnostic and prognostic implications of plasma amino acid determinations in
      chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - To further assess the molar ratio of branched-chain to aromatic amino acids as a
      measure of disease activity, we correlated results of this test with histologic
      features of inflammation, standard biochemical tests, and prognosis in 68
      patients with severe chronic active hepatitis. An abnormal molar ratio (less than
      3.0) reflected histologic findings of chronic active hepatitis in 26 of 35
      instances. A normal molar ratio (greater than or equal to 3.0), however, was
      associated with histologic features of chronic active hepatitis in nine of 14
      instances. Molar ratio abnormalities occurred more frequently in patients with
      cirrhosis than without cirrhosis (95% vs 45%, P less than 0.01). Only one of 20
      patients with cirrhosis had a normal ratio, and none of 12 followed serially
      during therapy improved the ratio to normal. No correlation was seen between the
      molar ratio and severity of inflammation or serum levels of aspartate
      aminotransferase, albumin, bilirubin, and gamma globulin. When corticosteroids
      were discontinued, relapse occurred as frequently in patients with a normal molar
      ratio as in others (80% vs 71%), and the presence of an abnormal ratio did not
      preclude a sustained remission after treatment. We conclude that the plasma molar
      ratio does not reflect histologic activity, correlate with standard liver
      function tests, or indicate disease behavior after treatment withdrawal. A normal
      molar ratio during or after treatment, however, may exclude cirrhosis.

PMID- 4028913
TI  - Low blood selenium levels in alcoholics with and without advanced liver disease.
      Correlations with clinical and nutritional status.
AB  - Selenium deficiency has been implicated as a cause of hepatic injury, possibly
      from accentuated lipoperoxidation due to decreased activity of the selenoenzyme,
      glutathione peroxidase. Because of possible clinical and biochemical links
      between selenium and alcohol, we performed nutritional assessment and assayed red
      blood cell, plasma, and whole blood selenium by spectrofluorometry in 27 normals
      (group I), 30 asymptomatic alcoholics on admission to a detoxification unit,
      (group II) and 16 alcoholics with severe liver disease (group III). We found a
      mean (+/- SD) whole blood selenium of 0.109 micrograms/ml +/- 0.014 for group I
      vs 0.076 +/- 0.010 for group II (P less than 0.001), and 0.047 +/- 0.006 for
      group III (P less than 0.001 vs group I and II). For plasma, the mean (+/- SD)
      selenium was 0.095 micrograms/ml +/- 0.016 for group I versus 0.065 micrograms/ml
      +/- 0.012 in group II and 0.038 micrograms/ml +/- 0.007 in group III (All P less
      than 0.001). Calculated red blood selenium levels were also significantly reduced
      in alcoholics versus controls. Whole blood and plasma selenium correlated
      directly with serum albumin. For whole blood selenium versus albumin, r = 0.73 (P
      less than 0.01), and for plasma selenium versus albumin, r = 0.71 (P less than
      0.01). A significant inverse correlation was noted between whole blood selenium
      and the height of the total serum bilirubin (r = -0.46), alkaline phosphatase (r
      = -0.50), and AST (r = -0.51) (P less than 0.01 for all). Among alcoholics
      admitted for detoxification, selenium was diminished despite the absence of
      severe malnutrition, as determined by standard nutrition assessment
      parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4028915
TI  - Intradiaphragmatic abscess. An extremely rare complication of pneumatic
      dilatation of the esophagus.
AB  - A patient with dysphagia initially diagnosed as achalasia but now thought to have
      spinocerebellar degeneration manifesting itself in the esophagus as achalasia,
      developed an intradiaphragmatic abscess, presumably as a complication of
      pneumatic dilation of the esophagus. This previously unreported complication
      occurred as a result of transmural spread of bacteria at the time of dilatation
      with seeding of the diaphragmatic muscle. An intradiaphragmatic abscess may be
      mistakenly diagnosed clinically and radiologically as a subphrenic abscess or
      loculated empyema. Management of intradiaphragmatic abscess is discussed briefly.

PMID- 4028914
TI  - Fecal bile acid excretion pattern in colonic cancer patients.
AB  - Epidemiological investigations have shown an association between the incidence of
      colonic cancer, dietary habits, and bile acid metabolism. We analyzed the fecal
      bile acid excretion pattern in 23 patients with colonic carcinoma and in 21
      controls. We determined the total bile acid concentration, the concentration of
      individual bile acids as a measure for bacterial degradation, and the degree of
      sulfation. Separation of nonsulfated and sulfated bile acids was achieved by the
      lipophilic anion-exchanger DEAP-Sephadex-LH 20, quantification of individual bile
      acids by gas-liquid chromatography. Corresponding with a significantly lower
      stool mass per day, colonic cancer patients had a lower daily bile acid
      excretion. But we found no statistically significant difference between the
      groups in the fecal concentration of total or individual bile acids or their mode
      of conjugation. There was a wide variation of total bile acid concentration
      within each group. Most bile acids were expectedly in the free state, only a low
      percentage in the glycine- or taurine-conjugated form. The sulfated fraction was
      small and not different in the two groups. Although our data do not refute the
      hypothesis of bile acids being implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal
      cancer, they do not support it.

PMID- 4028916
TI  - Pancreatic stone protein.

PMID- 4028917
TI  - Perinatal development of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome C reductase, aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase, styrene monooxygenase, and styrene epoxide hydrolase in
      rabbit liver microsomes and nuclei.
AB  - The development of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome C reductase, aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase, styrene monooxygenase, and styrene epoxide hydrolase was studied in
      fresh rabbit liver nuclear and microsomal preparations. Enzymatic activities were
      determined in rabbit fetus at 21 and 30 days of gestation and in rabbits at 1, 5,
      11, 22, 44, and 60 days of age. In extrauterine life, nuclear cytochrome P-450,
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, and styrene epoxide hydrolase were found to develop
      later than their microsomal counterparts, whereas nuclear cytochrome C reductase
      developed earlier than its microsomal counterpart. The behavior of styrene
      monooxygenase was more complex. The only activities detectable before birth were
      styrene epoxide hydrolase, styrene monooxygenase, and cytochrome C reductase in
      both nuclei and microsomes. The microsomes-to-nuclei epoxide hydrolase activity
      ratio was almost ten times the microsomes-to-nuclei styrene monooxygenase ratio,
      indicating a dissociation in the development of the two enzymes in rabbits.
      Nuclear metabolic activity was high at all ages, suggesting possible
      toxicological relevance.

PMID- 4028918
TI  - Oxytocin release induced by melatonin in the ewe.
AB  - The pineal gland indolamine melatonin now appears to be a primary mediator of the
      timing of estrus in mammals. Because the neurohypophyseal nonapeptides arginine
      vasotocin and oxytocin have recently been identified in the pineal glands of
      several species, we sought to assess the possibility of an interaction between
      melatonin and the neurohypophyseal hormones. An acute melatonin infusion (216
      mumol) was administered to pregnant and nonpregnant ewes. Although plasma
      arginine vasopressin and arginine vasotocin levels did not change, melatonin
      produced a significant increase in plasma oxytocin in the nonpregnant though not
      the pregnant ewe. These data suggest a possible interaction between melatonin and
      oxytocin in the integration of mammalian reproduction cycles.

PMID- 4028919
TI  - Severe hyponatremia with indomethacin--a more serious toxicity than previously
      realized?
AB  - Five low-birth-weight neonates, ranging from 580 to 1,430 g, developed clinically
      significant hyponatremia (less than 130 mg/dl) within 48 h after being given
      indomethacin for patent ductus arteriosus closure. The extent of this
      hyponatremia is much more severe than previously reported. This group of infants
      is compared to another group of 5 patients who received indomethacin but did not
      develop severe hyponatremia. Several possible explanations for the observed
      differences are explored.

PMID- 4028920
TI  - Manipulation of sensitivity in visual field investigation.
AB  - Sophistication of computer software and flexibility of stimulus and background
      luminance parameters in static perimeter design offer the opportunity for
      increased information in the assessment of the visual field. Relationships
      between dynamic ranges and resulting sensitivity gradients in a group of 10
      normal 21 year old subjects using the Octopus automated perimeter, the Dicon
      Autoperimeter 2000 and the Friedmann VFA II are assessed. Inadequacies in the use
      of normative data to assess the visual field are noted. Implications for the use
      of dynamic range/sensitivity gradient relationships in visual field assessment
      without reliance on normative data are discussed.

PMID- 4028922
TI  - Should visual field examination be a routine part of ophthalmic practice?
AB  - Visual field screening conducted on indication was compared with routine visual
      field screening to determine the effectiveness of these strategies in identifying
      patients with normal and abnormal visual fields. The sample consisted of 1,500
      consecutively presenting patients. Each patient was screened with the Friedmann
      Visual Field Analyser Mark II. Visual field defects were detected in 3.0% of
      eyes. Routine visual field screening detected a very high proportion of these
      defects. The two indications approaches which were tested achieved only slightly
      lower sensitivities and specificities, while necessitating that only
      approximately 20% of patients required screening. The most effective strategy for
      screening on indication was based on overall clinical assessment of each case,
      although the optimal criteria relied on low levels of suspicion.

PMID- 4028921
TI  - Bilateral oculomotor abnormalities in strabismic amblyopes: evidence for a common
      central mechanism.
AB  - The preferred eyes of strabismic amblyopes, generally presumed to be normal, have
      been implicated by recent studies as manifesting oculomotor abnormalities. We
      sought to determine whether these motor abnormalities occurred together and, if
      so, whether they could be related to a single underlying deficit. Occurring
      together in the preferred eyes of our strabismic amblyopes were: unsteady
      fixation (consisting of nasal drifts alternating with temporal saccades), minute
      fixational eccentricity (as indicated by eccentric directionalization of the
      Maxwell spot) and asymmetries of pursuit tracking. These motor abnormalities of
      the preferred eye are attributable to the presence of high-velocity nasal drifts.
      Since nasal drifts also account for several qualitatively similar motor
      abnormalities exhibited under monocular conditions by the fellow amblyopic eye,
      we conclude that a centrally-generated nasal drift bias is responsible for
      anomalous oculomotor behaviors of both eyes of strabismic amblyopes.

PMID- 4028923
TI  - Informational content of visual field location in glaucoma.
AB  - Information Theory has been applied to produce estimates of how valuable each
      stimulus location on the Friedmann Visual Field Analyser mk. II is in detecting
      early glaucomatous visual field defects. The results indicate that stimuli in the
      superior arcuate region of the visual field and in the inferior nasal quadrant
      give the maximum amount of information. Stimuli in the extreme superior field
      (beyond 20 degrees), the inferior temporal quadrant and around the physiological
      blind spot give the least amount of information. It is suggested that these
      results can be used to develop computerised techniques for the analysis of visual
      field data.

PMID- 4028924
TI  - Surplus reaction of checkerboard-VEP's.

PMID- 4028926
TI  - The influence of age on the spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity function.
AB  - A clinical technique for sampling the spatial and temporal CSF at low,
      intermediate and high frequencies is described. Reductions in contrast
      sensitivity with age were shown with the highest spatial and temporal frequency
      stimuli. The reductions can be almost completely accounted for by the reduction
      of pupil area with age, causing a reduction in retinal illuminance. The results
      show a significant deterioration in vision with age that is not revealed by
      standard visual acuity testing.

PMID- 4028927
TI  - [Alkaline phosphatase of the cutaneous glands and vessels in the rat and mouse].

PMID- 4028925
TI  - The influence of age on the electroretinogram and visual evoked potential.
AB  - Changes in the ERG and VEP across the life span were investigated. The dark
      adapted and scotopic ERGs both showed a progressive increase in the implicit
      times of the A and B waves and a reduction in the amplitude of the AB
      configuration. There was also an increase in the implicit times of the
      oscillatory potentials of the photopic ERG. The flash and pattern onset-offset
      VEP both showed changes in waveform with age whilst the waveform of the pattern
      reversal VEP was constant. The amplitudes of the components of the flash and
      pattern reversal VEP were very high in the teenage group, but once reduced, were
      constant from the twenties onwards, showing no further consistent age changes.
      The latencies of the components of the pattern VEPs showed an increase with age
      which could be accounted for by the reduction in retinal illuminance due to the
      decrease in pupil diameter with age. However, the increase in the latency of the
      flash major positive (P2) component was greater than that expected from the
      decrease in retinal illuminance alone, suggesting that this is due to neural
      factors.

PMID- 4028928
TI  - [Comparative study of the accumulation of free radicals and DNA breaks during the
      gamma irradiation of DNA solutions and cells].

PMID- 4028929
TI  - [Rhodopsin fluorescence in the retinal rods of the bull at -196 degrees C].

PMID- 4028930
TI  - [Conformation of 1,3-bis(p-chlorobenzylidene amino)guanidine (chimcoccide) and
      its interaction with calcium ions].

PMID- 4028931
TI  - [Effect of air bubbles in the human external acoustic meatus on underwater sound
      perception].

PMID- 4028932
TI  - [Compensatory reorganization of the visceral analyzer at the level of the
      neocortex].

PMID- 4028933
TI  - [Ectopic production of hormones and embryonic proteins by stimulated human
      lymphocytes].

PMID- 4028934
TI  - [Action of the volatile components of the urine on the generative function of
      sexually immature male house mice Mus musculus L].

PMID- 4028935
TI  - [Inactivation of the cluster of rRNA genes in the chromosome pair no. 2 in
      Aleutian minks].

PMID- 4028936
TI  - [Limiting phenomena in mutagenesis].

PMID- 4028937
TI  - [Specific chemical reaction of 5'-alkylating oligodesoxythymidylate derivative
      with DNA of human placental chromatin].

PMID- 4028938
TI  - [Biosynthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin and secretion of its fragments by cultured
      bone marrow cells of mice].

PMID- 4028939
TI  - [Effect of butylhydroxytoluene on metabolic activation and inactivation of
      diethylnitrosamine in liver microsomes of rats].

PMID- 4028940
TI  - [Does muscle contraction require energy expenditure irrespective of the amount of
      work?].

PMID- 4028941
TI  - [New data on the organization of descending hypothalamic pathways obtained by the
      method of double retrograde labeling of neurons with fluorochromes].

PMID- 4028943
TI  - [Culture density and ion transport across the plasma membrane in transformed
      cells].

PMID- 4028942
TI  - [Relationship between the functional state of the cerebral cortex and changes in
      PO2 level during electric stimulation].

PMID- 4028944
TI  - [Dystrophic and compensatory regenerative processes in the cortical neurons after
      hypoxia and the transplantation of embryonic nerve tissue in rats].

PMID- 4028945
TI  - [Induction of beta- and gamma-states of comuton regulation of oxidative
      phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria during the activation of peroxidation
      of the mitochondrial membrane lipids].

PMID- 4028946
TI  - [NMR tomography of experimental malignant neoplasms in vivo].

PMID- 4028947
TI  - [Local inhibition in the dendrites of the cerebral cortical neurons].

PMID- 4028948
TI  - [Long-lived heterokaryons of animal and yeast cells].

PMID- 4028949
TI  - [Absence of point mutation in the 12th codon of the c-Ha-rasl transforming genes
      of human breast and stomach cancer, melanoma and neuroblastoma].

PMID- 4028950
TI  - [3-dimensional organization of the basal plate of phage T4 in the star
      configuration].

PMID- 4028951
TI  - [Keto-enol tautomerism of guanine].

PMID- 4028952
TI  - [Fibrillar structures of the cell nucleus and the initial characteristics of
      their constituent proteins].

PMID- 4028953
TI  - [Optimal arteriovenous differential in oxygen concentration during physical
      loading].

PMID- 4028954
TI  - The health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption: a review of the literature.
AB  - A review of the literature on the positive benefits of light and moderate alcohol
      consumption suggests the following: Alcoholic beverages are food, containing
      approx. 7 calories per gram of ethanol. Beer contains small percentages of the
      recommended daily allowance of vitamins and significant proportions of the
      recommended daily allowance of trace metals and minerals. Wine, while possessing
      significantly smaller amounts of vitamins and minerals than beer, has
      considerably more iron. Both beer and wine have a favorable potassium to sodium
      ratio. Coronary heart disease (CHD) seems to have a negative association with
      regular alcoholic beverage use. While some report a linear relationship, most
      studies agree that the relationship is U-shaped. Many studies have suggested that
      this inverse relationship is due to alcohol's effect of increasing levels of high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), which acts in the removal of cholesterol
      from tissue. Other explanations for moderate alcohol's cardioprotective effect
      include: associated diet changes in moderate drinkers, the silicon content in
      wine and beer, decreased platelet aggregation and coagulation, and the ability to
      lessen stress and/or alter personality patterns associated with CHD risks. Dry
      non-sweet wines and diluted distilled spirits have been recommended in the
      treatment of diabetes. It has been suggested that alcohol may improve glucose
      tolerance and blood glucose response to ingested carbohydrates. Due to reported
      decreased HDL values in diabetics, alcohol has been suggested as useful for its
      HDL-increasing function.

PMID- 4028955
TI  - [Traumatic damage of the posterior cranial fossa in chronic alcoholism].
AB  - Traumatic damage in the posterior fossa is a relatively rare event. A case of a
      52-year-old alcoholic is reported who had two severe head traumas during a fight.
      The subsequent complaints consisted in vertigo and ataxia and were related to a
      post-commotional syndrome or damage due to chronic alcoholism. The neurological
      work-up, which was performed a few months later showed typical signs of traumatic
      damage of the cerebellum. This was confirmed by axial CT-scan.

PMID- 4028956
TI  - Alcohol consumption and morbidity in the Canada Health Survey: inter-beverage
      differences.
AB  - This study examined inter-beverage differences in the relationship between
      alcohol consumption and health status as reported by 17 249 respondents to the
      Canada Health Survey. Self-reported morbidity rates (bed-days, activity loss,
      doctor visits) were computed for consumers of beer, wine, liquor and for those
      with no specific beverage preference. These rates were compared with the level of
      expected morbidity based on each group's demographic attributes. Subsequently,
      dose-response relationships were described relating frequency and quantity of
      consumption to a standardized morbidity rate for each beverage-preference group.
      In general, the results supported the importance of inter-beverage differences as
      an intervening variable in the relationship of consumption to morbidity. Overall
      morbidity rates and both frequency and quantity dimensions of the dose-response
      relationship varied markedly as a function of type of beverage consumed. Beer
      drinkers, in particular, varied from other consumers they had significantly lower
      rates of morbidity than expected. Increases in frequency of beer drinking were
      associated with reductions in morbidity, but mildly deleterious effects were
      associated with excessive consumption.

PMID- 4028957
TI  - Coping strategies and relapse in alcohol abuse.
AB  - This is a study of relapse in problem drinkers and its relation to the employment
      of techniques for coping with or avoiding tempting situations. A treatment group,
      consisting of problem drinkers, was instructed in the use of such techniques
      while another group of drinkers were randomly assigned to a control condition.
      There was a strong correlation between avoidance of relapse and the use of
      techniques in both groups but no difference between groups either in relapse or
      in the use of techniques. There was a tendency for instruction in the use of
      techniques to be efficient for patients who believed that they could control
      drinking, but not for others. The treatment seemed to make patients more
      convinced that it was important to quit drinking.

PMID- 4028958
TI  - Amoxapine-induced tardive dyskinesia.
AB  - A case report of amoxapine-induced tardive dyskinesia following discontinuation
      of amoxapine therapy is reported. During 68 weeks of therapy, the patient
      received a maximum of amoxapine 400 mg/d. Six months after amoxapine
      discontinuation, the patient continued to have symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.
      These symptoms correlate with the dopamine receptor-blocking property of
      amoxapine and its metabolites. We propose that amoxapine therapy be monitored for
      the long-term as well as the short-term adverse effects of dopamine receptor
      blockade.

PMID- 4028959
TI  - Recurrent dystonic reactions induced by thiethylperazine.
AB  - Three attacks of acute dystonia occurred in a 19-year-old male following the
      initiation and discontinuation of thiethylperazine administered rectally in
      therapeutic doses. The time course of onset of the attacks and the proposed
      mechanisms by which dystonia develops are discussed.

PMID- 4028960
TI  - Jaundice associated with cephalosporin therapy.
AB  - Two cases of cephalosporin-induced hepatotoxicity with associated jaundice are
      presented. Both patients developed jaundice and liver enzyme abnormalities soon
      after injectable cephalosporin therapy was started. Other possible causes were
      ruled out, including TPN and allopurinol hepatoxicity, and additional medical
      illnesses associated with hepatoxicity. Both patients recovered fully from the
      episode of jaundice. Review of the literature suggests a possible
      hypersensitivity reaction similar to liver toxicity of the penicillin
      antibiotics.

PMID- 4028961
TI  - A warfarin-piroxicam drug interaction.
AB  - A piroxicam-warfarin interaction is presented with a discussion of the possible
      mechanism of action. A 60-year-old white male on warfarin therapy for recurrent
      pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombophlebitis showed a decrease in his
      previously therapeutic and stable prothrombin time when piroxicam was
      discontinued from his drug regimen. On two rechallenges over a ten-month period,
      his prothrombin times showed consistent and clinically significant fluctuations
      as piroxicam was added and deleted from his drug regimen.

PMID- 4028962
TI  - Verapamil-rifampin interaction.
AB  - A case of verapamil-rifampin interaction is presented in a patient receiving
      verapamil for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and rifampin for pulmonary
      tuberculosis. The patient experienced recurrent symptomatic SVT, despite
      receiving verapamil 480 mg po q6h. Serum verapamil concentrations were determined
      to be extremely low. Discontinuation of rifampin and substitution of ethambutol
      resulted in an almost four-fold increase in verapamil levels with concurrent
      control of SVT. Rifampin may have increased the metabolism of verapamil by
      inducing hepatic microsomal enzymes resulting in low verapamil levels and failure
      to control SVT.

PMID- 4028963
TI  - Subcutaneous epinephrine vs. nebulized metaproterenol in acute asthma.
AB  - The efficacy and side effects of subcutaneous epinephrine (E) and aerosolized
      metaproterenol (M) were compared in acute asthma. Adults randomly received E 0.3
      mg sub-Q q20min (max 0.9 mg; n = 20) or M 15 mg in 3.0 ml NaCl 0.9% nebulized
      over 10 minutes (n = 20) in a double-blind fashion. Vital signs and peak
      expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured every ten minutes for one hour. The two
      groups were comparable in age, weight, baseline theophylline concentration, PEFR,
      heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. PEFR improved in both
      groups within ten minutes (p less than 0.01; analysis of variance). There was no
      difference in PEFR between the groups over the one-hour observation period
      following treatment. Heart rate decreased following treatment in M patients (p
      less than 0.05), but remained unchanged in E patients. Systolic blood pressure
      rose slightly in E patients (p less than 0.01), but remained unchanged in M
      patients. Subcutaneous E and nebulized M are equally effective as initial therapy
      in acute asthma.

PMID- 4028965
TI  - Phenytoin once-daily dosing in geriatric patients.

PMID- 4028964
TI  - Propranolol's effect on phagocytizing ability of polymorphonuclears and
      monocytes.

PMID- 4028967
TI  - Professional development degrees.

PMID- 4028966
TI  - In vitro adsorption of sodium phenytoin by anion exchange resin.

PMID- 4028968
TI  - Comment: Amphotericin B bladder irrigations.

PMID- 4028969
TI  - Comment: Ceforanide half-life.

PMID- 4028970
TI  - Rho Chi Lecture Award. Is it possible to teach scientific creativity in the
      pharmaceutical sciences? Anecdotes and memorabilia.
AB  - Finally, and what may be a fitting end for this recounting, there is a quotation
      of Francis Bacon's that gives a poetic interpretation of creativity in the
      scientist: "A scientist is neither an 'ant,' storing what it finds lying about
      ready-made, nor a 'spider,' spinning a web out of what its entrails secrete. He
      is a bee, visiting innumerable flowers and collecting the nectar it finds in
      them; but storing not this nectar in its crude state but the honey into which it
      turns."

PMID- 4028971
TI  - [Severe skin burns caused by a photochemotherapeutic agent].
AB  - By uncontrolled application without indication of a photoactive drug
      methoxypsoralen (Meladinine) which is sold only on prescription a 20-year-old man
      sustained a large burn injury of 71% of body surface. Because he was admitted to
      the hospital relatively late, a life-threatening condition developed as it is
      well known after large body burns. Adequate intensive care including artificial
      respiration and proper local treatment to prevent infection were decisive for
      successful treatment.

PMID- 4028972
TI  - [Criteria for medical expert opinion under social compensation law and according
      to the law on the severely disabled].

PMID- 4028973
TI  - The influence of low concentrations of irritants on skin barrier function as
      determined by water vapour loss.
AB  - The effect of some irritants on the barrier function of the skin was assessed by
      means of water vapour loss measurements. 100 microliter of the test substance in
      distilled water were applied to the skin for a period of 48 h, using large Finn
      chambers. The exposures were done in a test panel of 42 subjects. Sodium lauryl
      sulfate (2%), cocobetaine (2%), crotonaldehyde (0.75%) with sodium lauryl sulfate
      (0.5%) and dimethyl sulfoxide (50%) markedly influenced water vapour loss. Sodium
      hydroxide (1%) had less effect on water vapour loss, although the increase was
      significant (p less than 0.05). Phenol (5%) and benzalkonium chloride (0.2%) did
      not significantly influence the loss of water through the skin. It is concluded
      that subclinical effects of chemicals on the barrier function may be of
      importance in the development of irritant contact dermatitis, but that this
      capacity is probably not the only factor which determines the potential of a
      substance to contribute to the development of irritant contact dermatitis. A
      chemical which has little or no effect on the function of the horny layer may
      have a toxic effect on the viable cells of deeper layers of the skin. This toxic
      effect may also be an important subclinical factor in the development of irritant
      contact dermatitis.

PMID- 4028974
TI  - [Multiple bowenoid arsenic keratoses].
AB  - Case report of multiple keratoses and chronic lymphatic leukemia after arsenic
      poisoning 30 years ago during a one-year exposure to copper acetoarsenate in a
      pesticide factory. Absorption through the skin with local arsenic skin damage is
      discussed. Etretinate therapy (1 mg/kg b. w.) was ineffective.

PMID- 4028975
TI  - Selenium deficiency and detoxication functions in the rat: effect of chronic
      dietary cadmium.
AB  - Male rats from moderately selenium-deficient dams were fed a Torula yeast-based,
      selenium-deficient diet for 7 weeks, with or without added supplements of sodium
      selenite (0.2 ppm selenium) and cadmium chloride (50 ppm cadmium) in the drinking
      water. Cadmium caused about 10% body-weight loss in selenium-deficient, as well
      as in supplemented rats. Glutathione peroxidase activity in liver 105,000 g
      supernatant and in erythrocyte hemolysate from selenium-deficient rats was about
      1% and 3%, respectively, of that in supplemented rats. A cadmium-induced decrease
      of glutathione peroxidase activity was found in erythrocyte and liver
      preparations from selenium-supplemented rats, while cadmium caused an increase of
      the liver activity in selenium deficiency. Selenium deficiency per se caused a
      significant decrease of cytochrome P-450 content, while cadmium treatment did not
      modify further the content of this enzyme. NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was not
      changed by selenium regimen or cadmium treatment, while cytochrome b5 was
      increased on cadmium treatment of the supplemented rat. The microsomal metabolism
      of N,N-dimethylaniline showed a decrease of the cytochrome P-450-dependent C
      oxygenation in selenium-deficient groups. Cadmium treatment had no further
      significant effect. The flavin-containing monooxygenase, which performs N
      oxygenation of N,N-dimethylaniline, was decreased significantly by cadmium
      treatment in selenium deficiency. Selenium deficiency seems thus to be connected
      with higher susceptibility to cadmium-induced impairments of liver detoxication
      functions, although progressive accumulation of cadmium in the liver appears to
      produce only modest effects.

PMID- 4028976
TI  - Effect of gold on selenium and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat tissues.
AB  - Gold (Au) thioglucose, used to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid
      arthritis, inhibits the selenium (Se)-dependent glutathione peroxidase. The
      present study examines the ability of Au to act either as a Se antagonist or as a
      GSH peroxidase inhibitor in vivo. The effects of gold thioglucose loading on Se
      distribution, and on Se-dependent GSH peroxidase and GSH S-transferase, were
      examined in rats fed three dietary levels of Se (0, 0.2, and 2.0 ppm), and with
      or without adjuvant-induced inflammation. Kidney, liver, spleen, testes, and
      erythrocytes were selected for study based upon their high Se content and their
      ability to concentrate Au. Au loading increased kidney, liver, and spleen Se
      concentrations, and this effect was dependent upon dietary Se levels. Rats fed Se
      supplemented diets had higher levels of Au in kidney, liver, and spleens than did
      rats fed a Se-deficient diet. Au loading decreased GSH peroxidase activity in
      kidney, liver, and erythrocytes. The decrease in GSH peroxidase in kidney and
      liver, and the increase in Se concentration in these tissues, suggest that Au-Se
      complexes may have limited the biosynthesis of the enzyme. Au affects Se
      distribution, and Se concentrates Au in tissues with a high lysosomal content.

PMID- 4028977
TI  - [Benzodiazepine: long-term use or abuse? Results of an epidemiologic study)].
AB  - Analysis of the prevalence of the diagnosis benzodiazepine-dependence showed that
      there were only 150 cases (0.5%) out of almost 33 000 admissions during the
      period 1974 to 1983 and that a noticeable rise in frequency occurred after 1981.
      In a prospective quarterly incidence study for 1984, 18.5% of patients admitted
      fulfilled the criteria for long-term users (longer than 3 months continuous
      administration).

PMID- 4028978
TI  - [Therapeutic plasma exchange in severe tropical malaria].
AB  - Cases of malaria are being seen ever more frequently in the Federal Republic of
      Germany, presenting both diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Three recent cases
      of severe malignant falciparum malaria are presented, one ending fatally. In the
      other two, plasma exchange combined with haemodialysis led to a cure.

PMID- 4028979
TI  - [Fatal poisoning by the retard form of verapamil. Therapeutic considerations].
AB  - A 60-year-old woman swallowed 2.4 g verapamil in a retard form (Isoptin retard).
      Depsite intensive efforts she died 44 hours later in a coma due to circulatory
      collapse. In contrast to other reported cases of poisoning, the verapamil
      concentration in plasma continued to rise. This atypical course with continuing
      absorption of verapamil was due to small-intestinal deposits of the drug, found
      at autopsy.

PMID- 4028980
TI  - [Diagnosis of the pneumonias].

PMID- 4028981
TI  - [Extent of the physician's right to withhold testimony].

PMID- 4028982
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis associated with nephrotic syndrome in Staphylococcus albus
      infection in a patient with a Spitz-Holter shunt].

PMID- 4028983
TI  - [Fiber bronchoscopy].

PMID- 4028984
TI  - [Drug toxicity-induced pulmonary edema].

PMID- 4028985
TI  - [Malignant melanomas in pregnancy].
AB  - A malignant melanoma was diagnosed and treated during pregnancy in twelve
      patients average age 29 (19-38) years. Eleven patients were in stage I and one in
      stage II. One patient presented with 2 primary malignant melanomas. There was no
      essential difference in localisation or melanoma type in comparison with non
      pregnant melanoma patients. From histological criteria (tumor thickness and
      prognostic index) eight patients in stage I had an intermediate and three a high
      risk of metastases. When compared with non-pregnant melanoma patients the
      pregnant patients presented with relatively more melanomas having intermediate
      and high metastases risk. No prediction as to the course of the disease can be
      made because of the small number of patients. Published data show, however, that
      in a pregnant subgroup pregnancy has a negative influence on the course of
      malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4028986
TI  - [Pregnancy after malignant melanoma. A follow-up of 23 patients].
AB  - There is little known on the risks associated with pregnancy occurring after
      primary therapy of a malignant melanoma. Out of a total of 2850 melanoma patients
      there were 23 women (20 in stage I, 3 in stage II) in whom 33 pregnancies
      occurred in the course of the follow-up. No metastases developed in 18 patients
      with a total of 25 pregnancies whereas a relapse occurred in 3 patients in stage
      I and 2 patients in stage II. The induction of metastases by the pregnancy in 3
      of these patients is unlikely owing to the absence of a temporal relationship or
      because of an existing stage II and only in 2 patients did the temporal
      relationship between spreading of the tumor and pregnancy suggest an influence of
      pregnancy on malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4028988
TI  - [Lymph node biopsy in lymphadenopathy syndrome and AIDS].

PMID- 4028987
TI  - [Bronchodilator effect of fenoterol aerosol. Are 4 0.1-mg doses better than a
      single dose of 0.4 mg?].
AB  - The bronchodilator effect of a single dose of 0.4 mg fenoterol aerosol was
      compared with the sequential application of the same total dose in 11 patients
      with bronchial asthma. The patients received either 0.4 mg fenoterol followed by
      3 doses of placebo at 30 minute intervals or four 0.1 mg doses of fenoterol each
      at 30 minute intervals on 2 days in a double-blind randomised investigation. Both
      application forms had a marked bronchodilator effect. At 60 minutes two 0.1 mg
      doses of fenoterol had the same effect as the initial dose of 0.4 mg whereas at
      120 minutes the sequential inhalation of 0.1 mg had the most marked
      bronchodilator effect. CONCLUSION: An improvement in beta 2-sympathomimetic
      inhalation therapy can be achieved more readily by reducing the dose interval
      than by raising the total dose.

PMID- 4028989
TI  - [Gastroscopic monitoring of precanceroses of the stomach].

PMID- 4028990
TI  - [Unexpected cerebral side effects of ranitidine].

PMID- 4028991
TI  - [Alcohol and type I diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4028992
TI  - [Crohn disease: an allergic reaction to absorbed macro-particles?].

PMID- 4028993
TI  - [The clonidine inhibition test: an aid in the diagnosis and postoperative
      therapeutic control in pheochromocytoma].
AB  - A clonidine-suppression test was carried out in 8 patients with arterial
      hypertension, raised urinary and plasma catecholamine levels and symptoms
      suggesting the presence of a pheochromocytoma. In 6 of the patients clonidine
      reduced the plasma catecholamine concentrations and no pathological findings were
      seen in the abdominal computed tomogram (CT). In 2 patients noradrenaline levels
      were excessively high and not lowered by clonidine; in one of these patients the
      plasma adrenaline concentration was also raised and this too could not be reduced
      with clonidine. A tumor was detectable in both patients using CT, in one case
      situated in the left adrenal, in the other extra-medullary. On operation both
      were found to be a pheochromocytoma. Peritoneal and intra-hepatic metastases were
      discovered during surgery in the case of the extramedullary localized tumor. The
      clonidine-suppression test was repeated postoperatively in both patients: it was
      normal in the case of the completely excised, intramedullary situated tumor but
      still pathological in the other. Thus the clonidine-suppression test is useful in
      the diagnosis and post-surgical assessment of pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 4028994
TI  - [Double infection with Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 and 0:9].
AB  - An unusual case of Yersiniosis was observed in a 20-year-old woman. Except for an
      extraordinarily severe onset the clinical course was not remarkable. But two
      different strains of Yersinia were repeatedly isolated. While strain serotype 0:9
      was demonstrated only transiently and gave an only weak immune reaction, serotype
      0:3 persisted longer and stimulated a strong immune reaction. But both strains
      had similar virulence characteristics in different tests, such as plasmid
      demonstration, autoagglutination, growth on Ca-deficient agar, and in mice.

PMID- 4028995
TI  - [Fibrinolytic therapy. Indications and execution].

PMID- 4028996
TI  - [Directions for TSH screening of newborn infants].

PMID- 4028997
TI  - [Experiences with telemetry-supported pacemaker controls in patients with VVI
      pacemakers].
AB  - Investigations on telemetry-supported pacemaker control were carried out in 55
      patients with the VVI-pacemaker Quantum (Intermedics). The investigations were
      done at least once during the 6-24 month period after implantation. The telemetry
      function was utilised for pacemaker programming, for clarifying pacemaker defects
      and for characterising the type of pacemaker electrode used. It could be shown
      that the Osypka spiral electrode VY (Dr. Osypka) had a lower impedance, and
      greater pulse width and charge threshold in comparison with the two other
      electrodes used (Encor, Cordis; Polyflex, Intermedics). In 38 of the 55 patients
      (69%) a pulse amplitude of 2.7 V could be chosen, whereas an amplitude of 5.4 V
      was programmed in the rest. Pacemaker sensing threshold was set to values between
      2.4 and 3.0 mV. Pacemaker problems appeared in three patients; in one patient due
      to programming too economically and in the other two due to pacemaker defects.

PMID- 4028998
TI  - [Rhabdomyolysis. Incidence, causes and diagnosis].

PMID- 4028999
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of the acral ischemia syndrome].

PMID- 4029000
TI  - [The new medical instrument ordinance].

PMID- 4029001
TI  - [Seroconversion after hepatitis B vaccination by intragluteal or upper arm
      injection].

PMID- 4029002
TI  - [Gastrectomy in microcarcinoidosis].

PMID- 4029003
TI  - [The 1985 preclinical examination scandal. Important notes on the preclinical
      examinations in the spring of 1985].

PMID- 4029004
TI  - [Long-term prognosis of acute transmural myocardial infarct after intracoronary
      thrombolysis treatment].
AB  - Reperfusion of the infarct vessel by a combination of intravenous and
      intracoronary infusion of streptokinase succeeded in 66 of 120 patients with
      acute transmural infarction in whom the infusion had been started less than six
      hours after onset of symptoms. The recanalization attempt failed in 26, and 28
      were treated conventionally. Size of the infarct was determined by 201Thallium
      scanning before and 48 hours after the acute treatment phase. Cox analysis
      indicated that successful recanalization had a significantly positive effect on
      the long-term prognosis compared with failed thrombolysis or conventional
      measures. The perfusion defect (as measured by 201Thallium scan) was identical in
      all three groups, but after successful recanalization with streptokinase it was
      significantly smaller than in the other two groups. The improved long-term
      prognosis is presumably due to a decrease in the size of the infarct.

PMID- 4029005
TI  - [Therapeutic problems in acromegaly].

PMID- 4029006
TI  - [Diagnosis of progressive paralysis].

PMID- 4029007
TI  - [Ulcer therapy without acid inhibition].

PMID- 4029008
TI  - First International Workshop on Temocillin. Proceedings of a symposium sponsored
      by Beecham Pharmaceuticals held in Athens on 20 September, 1984.

PMID- 4029009
TI  - In vitro activity of temocillin against clinical isolates.
AB  - The minimum inhibitory concentrations of temocillin against more than 1000
      clinical isolates were determined by an agar dilution method. Temocillin showed
      excellent activity against Haemophilus influenzae, pathogenic Neisseria species
      and Branhamella catarrhalis, including beta-lactamase producing strains, but
      showed very low activity or was inactive against Gram-positive cocci and
      Campylobacter, Bacteroides, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species. Good activity
      was obtained against 702 Enterobacteriaceae, including isolates resistant to the
      other penicillins and first- and second-generation cephalosporins, with 92% of
      all the strains inhibited at a concentration of 8 mg/L. However, the most
      striking property of temocillin was its high beta-lactamase stability which
      resulted in both a very narrow range of MICs within which all the isolates were
      inhibited, and a small influence of inoculum size on the MICs.

PMID- 4029010
TI  - Temocillin. Summary of safety studies.
AB  - Temocillin is a novel injectable beta-lactam antibiotic designed for parenteral
      use. It is active against the majority of Gram-negative bacteria and is stable to
      a wide range of beta-lactamases. Disposition and metabolic studies on temocillin
      in animals and man demonstrate that the drug is well distributed throughout the
      body tissues and will cross the placenta. The major route of elimination is via
      the kidney (89%) where the drug is excreted unchanged as parent compound, mainly
      by the glomerular filtration of unbound temocillin. A full toxicological safety
      evaluation programme has been completed and includes acute, subacute and chronic
      toxicology in rat and dog, and reproductive and mutagenicity studies. Temocillin
      was well tolerated in animals at dosages of up to 1000 mg/kg and appears to be
      without any potential hazard for man in dosages which are well in excess of the
      proposed therapeutic dose.

PMID- 4029011
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of temocillin.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of intravenous (bolus) temocillin 1 g were studied in 6
      healthy male volunteers, and a cantharides blister method was used to estimate
      tissue penetration of the antibiotic. The mean elimination half-life was 4.5
      hours. Temocillin penetrated blister fluid rapidly and reached concentrations of
      about 50% of those in serum by 2 to 3 hours after administration. Over an 8-hour
      period, the serum and blister fluid concentrations exceeded the MIC90 of
      susceptible bacteria by 2-fold or greater, suggesting that twice or even once
      daily dosing with temocillin may be sufficient.

PMID- 4029013
TI  - Temocillin penetration of peripheral lymph.
AB  - An intravenous dose of temocillin 1g was administered to 5 healthy human
      volunteers from whom peripheral lymph, serum and urine were monitored for 12
      hours. The concentrations after 1 hour were 14.3 mg/L in lymph and 58.1 mg/L in
      serum. The mean peak concentration in lymph (appearing between 1.5 and 2 hours)
      was 30.6 mg/L, and the simultaneous serum level was 47.8 mg/L. The lymph
      concentrations were always below those in serum, and the elimination half-life
      was 4.4 hours from lymph compared with 4.9 hours from serum. The ratio between
      the total areas under the concentration curves in lymph and in serum was 0.56,
      which reflects the ability of temocillin to penetrate to lymph. Serum protein
      binding appeared to impede the rate of transport from serum to lymph, but when
      compared with the results of less highly bound penicillins the total penetration
      of temocillin was better than expected.

PMID- 4029012
TI  - Effect of renal function and dialysis on temocillin pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Temocillin pharmacokinetics in renal impairment were investigated following an
      intravenous bolus injection of 15 mg/kg. The 28 patients were divided into 5
      groups of varying renal function, from normal to uraemic [including a group being
      treated with haemodialysis and a group on continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis (CAPD)]. The distribution of temocillin into the tissues was not
      affected by renal dysfunction. Uraemia as compared to normal renal function
      resulted in a 4.3-fold decrease in temocillin clearance and a 3.1-fold decrease
      in urinary recovery over 24 hours, as well as a 5- and 3.7-fold increase in the
      beta half-life and the area under the curve (AUC), respectively. Haemodialysis
      doubled the serum clearance and halved the beta half-life of temocillin in the
      uraemic subject, but CAPD over 24 hours eliminated only 8% of the temocillin
      dose, resulting in a minimal change in pharmacokinetics. Temocillin dosage
      adjustments in renal failure are proposed.

PMID- 4029014
TI  - Clinical efficacy, tolerance and pharmacokinetics of temocillin in patients with
      respiratory tract infections.
AB  - In this study 13 patients with a history of chronic respiratory disease were
      treated with temocillin for severe infection of the lower respiratory tract.
      Eleven patients were clinically improved or cured at the end of treatment and 4
      remained free of infection at follow up. However, the 2 remaining patients failed
      to respond clinically and bacteriologically to temocillin. Blood and sputum
      pharmacokinetics were studied in patients receiving temocillin at 12-hourly
      intervals in doses of either 1g by intravenous bolus or 2g by intravenous
      infusion. On the first day of treatment the mean peak serum concentration was 102
      mg/L for the 1g dose and 220 mg/L for the 2g dose, falling to 11 mg/L (1g) and
      18.8 mg/L (2g) at 12 hours. Similar results were recorded on the last day of
      treatment. Temocillin concentrations in the sputum ranged from 1.5 to 2.8 mg/L,
      with no difference being found in the sputum concentrations of the 2 doses.
      Temocillin was well tolerated and was found to be an effective treatment for Gram
      negative bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract.

PMID- 4029015
TI  - Biliary concentrations of temocillin.
AB  - Serum and bile concentrations of temocillin were measured after intravenous
      administration of 1g twice daily to 16 patients with biliary tract infections.
      The concentration of temocillin in the bile showed high inter-individual
      variations; however, in patients drug concentrations were attained which were
      considerably higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the biliary
      tract pathogens identified throughout the study period. All the patients admitted
      to the study were treated successfully by temocillin, with the tolerance of the
      drug being very good, and no side effects or drug-related deteriorations of
      laboratory data being reported.

PMID- 4029016
TI  - Renal clearance of temocillin in volunteers.
AB  - After administration of a loading dose, temocillin was infused intravenously into
      5 volunteers for 3 hours (250 and 750 mg/h). A urine flow of more than 500 ml/h
      was maintained. The mean plasma concentrations were 131.4 and 220.7 mg/L during
      the lower dose and higher dose infusions, respectively, and protein binding
      decreased from 83% to 74% with this increase in plasma concentration. The renal
      clearance of the total drug increased from 29.0 ml/min (low dose) to 50.5 ml/min
      (high dose) [p less than 0.001], but after correction for protein binding the
      renal clearance of the unbound drug only increased from 169.1 to 197.0 ml/min
      (not statistically significant). The extrarenal clearance of temocillin was
      negligible. Blocking of tubular excretion by probenecid caused a maximum decrease
      of the renal clearance of temocillin from 34.1 to 22.4 ml/min. This maximum
      effect of 12.3 ml/min subsided by 1.7 ml/min/h. The renal clearance of the free
      drug decreased to 134.6 ml/min, slightly less than the creatinine clearance
      (158.1 ml/min). It may be concluded that even at high plasma concentrations of
      temocillin there is no saturation of the tubular transport mechanism, and that
      tubular excretion plays a relatively minor role in the renal excretion of the
      drug.

PMID- 4029017
TI  - Temocillin pharmacokinetics in normal and impaired renal function.
AB  - In 18 healthy volunteers and 18 patients with varying degrees of impaired renal
      function, the plasma concentrations after intravenous administration of
      temocillin 0.5, 1, and 2g were determined. Another group of 6 patients received
      temocillin 0.5 g intramuscularly. Surprisingly, it was found that with higher
      doses, the plasma concentrations, and consequently the area under the plasma
      concentration/time curve (AUC), did not increase proportionately. Instead, the
      renal and, to a greater extent, the total clearance of temocillin increased. The
      plasma concentrations in patients with impaired renal function were clearly
      higher than in the subjects with normal renal function. Dose-reduction factors
      were derived which allowed the determination of the dosing regimen necessary to
      achieve approximately the same high plasma concentrations (and the same AUCs) in
      patients with impaired renal function as in healthy subjects. However, these dose
      reduction factors could only be determined for certain doses because of the
      specific behaviour of temocillin.

PMID- 4029018
TI  - Biliary concentrations of temocillin.
AB  - Temocillin is a new semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic with a spectrum of
      activity against most aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. We investigated the biliary
      excretion of temocillin after administration of 1g either intravenously or
      intramuscularly to 15 patients with normal liver and renal function who were
      undergoing elective cholecystectomy for gallstones. Very high concentrations of
      temocillin (up to 8 times the corresponding serum concentrations) were found in
      common bile duct bile and gallbladder bile of functioning gallbladders 1 to 2
      hours after administration. However, no temocillin was detected in the bile of
      non-functioning gallbladders. Concentrations of temocillin were significantly
      higher in common bile duct bile (p less than 0.01) and gallbladder bile (p less
      than 0.05) following intravenous administration, and there was also a significant
      correlation (p less than 0.05) between common bile duct bile and corresponding
      serum concentrations for both routes of administration. Temocillin 1g readily
      achieved therapeutic concentrations in bile, and may prove a useful agent in the
      prophylaxis and management of Gram-negative biliary infections.

PMID- 4029019
TI  - Quantification of temocillin biliary excretion and gallbladder bile concentration
      in healthy subjects.
AB  - The techniques of duodenal perfusion with polyethylene glycol as a nonabsorbable
      marker, and cholescintiscan using 99Tc HIDA as a gallbladder bile marker, were
      used to measure the total duodenal output and gallbladder bile concentration of
      temocillin after administration of an intravenous bolus injection to each of 6
      healthy subjects. We carried out 8 studies. 3 with 0.5g temocillin and 5 with 1g
      temocillin. The plasma half-life of temocillin was 177 (+/- 25) minutes [mean (+/
      SD)] and 196 (+/- 29) minutes with the 0.5g and 1g doses, respectively. Urinary
      excretion accounted for 38% of the total dose given during the study period of 6
      hours, and total biliary excretion was recorded as 2.2% of the given dose for
      both doses. The mean concentration of temocillin in gallbladder bile was 314.7
      (+/- 273.2) mg/L after the 0.5g dose and 474.5 (+/- 307.3) mg/L after 1g dose. It
      was concluded that temocillin is highly concentrated in the normal gallbladder in
      man.

PMID- 4029020
TI  - Lung tissue penetration of temocillin.
AB  - Eight patients about to have the whole or part of a lung resected were given a 2g
      bolus dose of temocillin. A series of serum samples and a piece of peripheral
      lung tissue were collected and assayed for temocillin concentration. 30 minutes
      after drug administration, the mean serum and tissue concentrations were 172 mg/L
      and 45 mg/kg respectively.

PMID- 4029021
TI  - Human pharmacokinetics and antimicrobial activities of the temocillin epimers.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the epimers of temocillin were investigated in 4 healthy
      male subjects following intravenous administration of 1g of temocillin disodium
      (free acid) which contains a R : S epimer ratio of approximately 65 : 35. The R
      epimer had a 2-fold greater total plasma clearance, a 23% larger volume of
      distribution and a shorter beta half-life than the S epimer. Intermediate values
      were obtained for total temocillin (R + S) from high pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) data. In each plasma sample, the unbound fraction of the R
      epimer was generally 2-fold higher than that of the S epimer, which is suggested
      as the reason for the differences in the pharmacokinetic properties of the
      epimers. The temocillin pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the
      microbiological assay data reflect most closely those for the R epimer derived
      from HPLC data. The resolved R epimer exhibited twice the potency of the S epimer
      against the microbiological assay organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10701.
      However, in tests for antibacterial susceptibility, for instance minimum
      inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations involving prolonged incubation,
      there was little difference in the inhibitory activities of the resolved R and S
      epimers compared with temocillin (R + S), presumably as a consequence of the
      epimerization of the individual epimers. In contrast, in rapid tests for
      bactericidal activity, which minimise the effect of epimerization, the R epimer
      exhibited greater bactericidal activity than the S epimer.

PMID- 4029022
TI  - A study of the penetration of temocillin in the cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Temocillin concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 8
      patients were assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography. It was possible to
      determine sequential series of ventricular (CSF) and serum concentrations in 4
      adult neurosurgical patients with slight to moderate impairment of blood-CSF
      barriers, because serial CSF samples were obtained from external ventricular
      drains. In 4 other patients with meningitis, temocillin was given in addition to
      the regular treatment schedule and 6 'spot' concentrations of temocillin in
      lumbar CSF and serum samples were determined. Temocillin CSF concentrations in
      these subjects seemed to be inadequate for the treatment of Gram-positive
      bacterial meningitis and only partially valuable for the treatment of Gram
      negative bacillary meningitis.

PMID- 4029023
TI  - The treatment of complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections with
      temocillin.
AB  - Temocillin was given to 33 patients with urinary tract infection as a once daily
      dosage regimen of 500mg intramuscularly or Ig intravenously for 7 to 10 days. The
      lower dose produced a clinical cure in 83% of patients with uncomplicated
      infection but was ineffective in complicated cases, whereas the higher dose cured
      100% of uncomplicated and 70% of complicated cases and there were no side effects
      or toxicity. In vitro studies with 120 consecutive clinical isolates of
      Enterobacteriaceae gave an MIC90 of 8 mg/L for Escherichia coli, although some
      resistant strains were found in other species.

PMID- 4029024
TI  - Potential role of temocillin in the treatment of biliary sepsis.
AB  - Temocillin concentrations were determined in the gallbladder bile and/or common
      bile duct bile obtained intraoperatively from 20 patients, and in the T-tube bile
      of 5 postoperative patients. Blood samples were also obtained for determining the
      concomitant serum antibiotic concentrations. In 6 patients with cholelithiasis,
      but without common bile duct obstruction or acute infection, the mean temocillin
      concentrations were 890 mg/L in gallbladder bile and 1030 mg/L in common bile
      duct bile. In the group of 6 patients with common bile duct obstruction, the
      antibiotic concentrations ranged between 5.6 and 88 mg/L (mean 38.8 mg/L) in
      gallbladder bile and between 'undetectable' and 700 mg/L in common bile duct
      bile. In patients with biliary sepsis, a further reduction in temocillin bile
      concentrations was observed, and postoperatively, the T-tube bile temocillin
      concentrations were in the range of 21 to 460 mg/L (mean 130 mg/L). The clinical
      efficacy of temocillin in the 7 patients with acute cholecystitis was judged to
      be satisfactory. Our results suggest that temocillin may be considered as a
      potentially useful antibiotic in the treatment of patients with biliary tract
      sepsis caused by susceptible organisms.

PMID- 4029025
TI  - Temocillin in the treatment of chest infections.
AB  - In our study, 16 patients with acute infection complicating severe respiratory
      disease were treated with temocillin 2g or 3g daily for 5 to 10 days. In 10
      patients, a recognised respiratory pathogen, either Haemophilus influenzae
      (temocillin-sensitive) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (temocillin-resistant), was
      isolated from sputum before the start of treatment. 13 patients improved
      clinically but 5 subsequently relapsed. Two patients failed to respond, and 1
      died of respiratory failure. There was no clearcut relationship between the
      clinical progress and sensitivity of the isolated pathogen to temocillin, and
      there were no adverse effects associated with the administration of temocillin.

PMID- 4029026
TI  - Treatment of severe infections with temocillin. Clinical and bacteriological
      evaluation.
AB  - Included in a study of the clinical efficacy of temocillin were 20 hospitalised
      female patients suffering from infections of the respiratory or urinary tract,
      septicaemia or an abscess. Clinical evaluation revealed fully effective treatment
      in all patients, and all pathogens identified were eliminated during therapy with
      no adverse reactions being observed.

PMID- 4029027
TI  - Single dose therapy with temocillin in acute gonorrhoea.
AB  - Temocillin has pronounced in vitro activity against both penicillin-sensitive and
      penicillinase-producing gonococci. A single intramuscular injection of temocillin
      0.5 g or 1.0 g resulted in the disappearance of the infecting gonococci in 91% of
      75 patients and 94% of 192 patients in 2 separate trials. The systemic and local
      tolerance of the drug was unusually favourable and no serious side effects were
      observed.

PMID- 4029028
TI  - Therapeutic results and tissue concentrations of temocillin in surgical patients.
AB  - Temocillin, a new beta-lactamase-stable penicillin, was administered in a dosage
      of 2g twice daily to 25 biliary surgery patients in whom potential septic
      complications were a concern. Clinical efficacy was assessed as 'very good' in 23
      patients. In one patient there was a disorder of wound healing and in another a
      staphylococcal bronchial pneumonia developed postoperatively. Temocillin was
      tolerated very well, and no side effects were observed. 12 hours after
      administration of temocillin 2g intravenously to surgical patients the mean serum
      concentration was 22.44 (+/- 10.26) mg/L. The median half-life was 3.86 hours (+/
      1.84) hours. Mean concentrations of 12.44 and 38.59 mg/L were measured up to the
      twelfth hour in the wound secretions and peritoneal secretions, respectively. In
      skin, fat, fascia, muscle and gallbladder wall, temocillin concentrations greater
      than the inhibitory concentrations of most Gram-negative bacteria were
      demonstrated after 1 and 2 hours.

PMID- 4029029
TI  - Comparative in vitro activity of temocillin.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of temocillin, a novel beta-lactam antibiotic, was
      tested against 796 clinical isolates. We also conducted a comparative study
      against 8 other antibiotics. Temocillin exhibited good activity against Gram
      negative organisms including Escherichia coli, and the genera Proteus,
      Enterobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Providencia, Salmonella,
      Shigella and Haemophilus: 98% of the strains were inhibited by concentrations
      less than or equal to 16 mg/L. The results of this in vitro study and
      temocillin's favourable pharmacokinetic properties suggest that temocillin is a
      very promising penicillin for the treatment of hospital infections caused by Gram
      negative organisms.

PMID- 4029030
TI  - Studies with temocillin in the hamster model of antibiotic-associated colitis.
AB  - The studies reported here were designed to ascertain whether or not the new beta
      lactam antibiotic, temocillin, would produce antibiotic-associated colitis in the
      hamster. The experiments were controlled with clindamycin and cefoxitin, which
      are known to induce antibiotic-associated colitis experimentally and clinically.
      All three antibiotics were administered to groups of animals both parenterally
      and orally. Clindamycin, at 1 mg/hamster, caused a slow onset of antibiotic
      associated colitis by both routes, with death occurring at between 4 and 8 days.
      80 to 100% of the animals had diarrhoea and showed signs of haemorrhage and
      caecal distension, with the caecal contents being Clostridium difficile toxin
      positive. The onset of antibiotic-associated colitis after administration of
      cefoxitin was less marked at the 1 mg parenteral dose, with only 40% of the
      hamsters showing signs of colitis. At the higher doses of cefoxitin, colitis was
      more severe and the animals exhibited dramatic weight loss, with death occurring
      at between 3 and 5 days. The majority of animals had diarrhoea and were C.
      difficile toxin-positive; 60 to 80% also showed signs of haemorrhage and caecal
      distension. In contrast, the hamsters receiving temocillin remained healthy with
      no signs of diarrhoea, and showed consistent weight gain. No pathological
      abnormalities were observed and the caecal contents were toxin-negative. These
      results suggest that temocillin therapy in humans is unlikely to cause
      significant disturbance of the gastrointestinal flora.

PMID- 4029031
TI  - In vitro combination-effect of temocillin with ticarcillin and aminoglycosides on
      gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
AB  - The in vitro efficacy of temocillin in combination with ticarcillin and with
      gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and netilmicin against 80 Gram-negative and 20
      Gram-positive bacterial strains was compared by use of the checkerboard agar
      dilution technique. No synergistic or additive effect was seen on the Gram
      positive strains. Great variations occurred between the different bacterial
      species, and the temocillin-ticarcillin combination had only little effect
      against the Pseudomonas strains tested. On average, only 12% of all strains
      tested were inhibited synergistically by temocillin-gentamicin combinations, and
      only 7 to 10% by combinations of temocillin with the other aminoglycosides.
      However, 25% of Gram-negative strains were inhibited synergistically and 40% of
      Gram-negative strains were inhibited additively by the combination of temocillin
      gentamicin.

PMID- 4029032
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of temocillin in volunteers.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of temocillin, a new semisynthetic parenteral penicillin,
      were studied in 10 healthy volunteers. Doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g were
      administered by intravenous bolus injection at weekly intervals, and serum and
      urine samples were assayed by an agar diffusion method. Mean peak serum
      concentrations were: 77.9 (+/- 28.4) mg/L (0.5 g), 160.8 (+/- 58.2) mg/L (1.0 g),
      and 236.1 (+/- 93.3) mg/L (2.0 g), with serum concentrations still being
      measurable after 12 hours for all doses [7.9 (+/- 3.7) mg/L, 12.9 (+/- 5.2) mg/L,
      14.8 (+/- 6.3) mg/L]. According to a 2-compartment open model, the mean terminal
      half-lives of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g doses were 5.2 (+/- 0.3), 5.0 (+/- 0.2), and
      5.0 (+/- 0.2) hours, respectively. The total volume of distribution averaged 0.15
      (+/- 0.01), 0.17 (+/- 0.01), and 0.24 (+/- 0.01) L/kg bodyweight, respectively,
      mean renal clearances were 18.5 (+/- 3.2), 19.6 (+/- 5.0), and 29.8 (+/- 2.6)
      ml/min, respectively, and the area under the serum concentration time curve (AUC)
      was 344.1 (+/- 18.7), 573.3 (+/- 27.8), and 784.5 (+/- 47.1) mg X h/L,
      respectively. At 74 (+/- 12.9)%, the 24-hour urinary recovery was highest for the
      low dose, followed by 68.1 (+/- 6)% for the 2.0 g dose, and 66.1 (+/- 16.8)% for
      the 1.0 dose. No untoward side effects were recorded. Thus, temocillin appears to
      be a penicillin with a prolonged half-life and high AUC.

PMID- 4029033
TI  - Leukotrienes in disease. Implications for drug development.

PMID- 4029034
TI  - Compliance and the doctor-patient relationship.

PMID- 4029035
TI  - Glial-neuronal relationship in the developing central nervous system. A
      histochemical-electron microscope study of radial glial cell particulate glycogen
      in normal and reeler mice and the human fetus.
AB  - Glial populations in the developing central nervous system can be recognized at
      the ultrastructural level by its glycogen content stained selectively by reduced
      osmium and periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate. This method
      permits the description of glial defasciculation during corticogenesis in the
      normal mouse and demonstrates a disturbance of this process in the reeler mouse.
      Combined use of autoradiography and glycogen labeling yields insights into the
      relationships between migrating neurons and radial glial fibers. This method can
      also be used to recognize and describe glial fibers in the human fetal brain.

PMID- 4029036
TI  - Serum-free aggregate cultures of rat CNS glial cells: biochemical,
      immunocytochemical and morphological characterization.
AB  - Aggregate cultures of mixed glial cells, as well as of enriched astrocytes and
      oligodendrocytes were prepared, and maintained in serum-free medium for up to 25
      days. Biochemical measurements of both neuron-specific and glia-specific enzyme
      activities showed that these three types of aggregate cultures were virtually
      devoid of neurons. Astrocyte-enriched cultures were greater than 95% pure, with
      oligodendrocytes as the only apparent contaminant, whereas oligodendrocyte
      enriched cultures still contained a considerable proportion of astrocytes. In all
      these neuron-free aggregate cultures both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
      attained a high degree of maturation. These findings were confirmed by
      morphological examinations, and by immunofluorescence studies. Furthermore,
      ultrastructural as well as immunocytochemical investigations using antibodies to
      myelin basic protein revealed that all three types of glial cell aggregate
      cultures contained myelin membranes, indicating that the presence of axons is not
      a prerequisite for the formation of myelin.

PMID- 4029037
TI  - Developmental disturbances in the hamster retina caused by a mutant of mumps
      virus.
AB  - Newborn hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally with either the neurovirulent
      Kilham strain of mumps virus or a mutant (M13) strain of this virus. The M13
      strain has an alteration in the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of its
      envelope and causes a low-grade infection of the brain. Both strains spread
      consistently to the retina where the Kilham strain caused an extensive
      necrotizing infection. In contrast, the M13 strain predominantly caused an
      infection of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with the involvement of
      scattered neurons in the retina. Only minimal degenerative or inflammatory
      changes were seen, but at 12 days of age developmental alterations were seen in
      all eyes. These included stretches with failure of photoreceptor segment
      development and the formation of folds in the outer nuclear layer. The former
      changes occurred in areas with loss of RPE cells and the latter generally in
      connection with displaced pigment-loaded cells from the RPE layer. It is
      suggested that these retinal alterations are mainly secondary to the RPE
      infection with the M13 strain.

PMID- 4029039
TI  - [Determination of bacterial drug sensitivity].

PMID- 4029038
TI  - [Nucleic acid hybridization--an adjunct to microbiological diagnosis].

PMID- 4029040
TI  - [Throat cultures in the health center].

PMID- 4029041
TI  - [Reye's syndrome--visceral fatty degeneration and encephalopathy].

PMID- 4029042
TI  - [Right ventricular infarction--a treatable form of cardiogenic shock].

PMID- 4029043
TI  - [The benefits of total hip replacement].

PMID- 4029044
TI  - [Hepatitis A epidemic in an infant day care center].

PMID- 4029045
TI  - [Serum thyroxine and thyrotropin in the elderly].

PMID- 4029046
TI  - [Hyperparathyroidism and large parathyroid cyst].

PMID- 4029047
TI  - [Rat-bite fever].

PMID- 4029048
TI  - [Deaths resulting from yellow jacket and bee stings in Finland].

PMID- 4029049
TI  - [Clinicopathological conference. A patient with hiccups].

PMID- 4029050
TI  - Development of sucking rhythm in preterm infants.
AB  - We studied the ontogeny and temporal organization of non-nutritive sucking during
      active sleep in 6 healthy preterm infants (mean birthweight 1.1 kg (range 0.8-1.3
      kg) gestational age 28.6 weeks (range 26-30 w] from 30 to 35 weeks of post
      menstrual (PM) age. Recognizable rhythmical sucking bursts were recorded at 28
      weeks in one infant and by 31-33 weeks in the others. Results were analyzed for
      the periods 30-31, 32-33 and 34-35 PM weeks. The number of bursts/min increased
      with age, while the duration of each burst was stable (mean 4.1 s). The pause
      between bursts decreased. Sucking pace within bursts increased with age which
      resulted in an increase in the overall rate of sucking. The coefficient of
      variation (CV) for intersuck time within bursts and for interburst time was
      computed to examine the stability of the sucking rhythm. For intersuck time the
      CV was relatively low and constant across ages. However, for interburst time CV
      was relatively large across ages. Thus, there appears to be a stability of the
      intraburst sucking rhythm from 30 weeks of gestation, whereas the interburst
      rhythm is less regular. This documentation of temporal organization in sucking
      from 30 weeks is one of the earliest indications of an intrinsic rhythm in human
      behavior.

PMID- 4029051
TI  - Influence of social background on psychomotor development in the first year of
      life and its correlation with later intellectual capacity: a prospective cohort
      study.
AB  - The effect of the sex of the child, somatic growth and five family background
      variables upon psychomotor development during the first year of life was studied
      by regression analysis in a Northern Finland birth cohort (n = 12 058) for 1966.
      Children with mental retardation and cerebral palsy were excluded from the
      series. The significant explanatory variables for the age of learning to stand
      and to walk without support were gestational age, birth weight, sex and maternal
      age. The girls and children of young mothers revealed a faster pattern of
      development. Urban residence enhanced learning to walk with support, an ability
      which was attained at the same age in both sexes. Female sex was the most
      powerful explanatory variable for early development of speech, the other
      significant variable being height at one year, birth weight, low parity of the
      mother and urban place of the residence. The social class and marital status of
      the mother proved insignificant for the developmental milestones studied here.
      The fast learners during their first year of life were superior to the others in
      their educational capacity at the age of 14 years. The prognosis in this respect
      was independent of social class.

PMID- 4029052
TI  - Vitamin A and E content of human milk at early stages of lactation.
AB  - The influence of gestational age and lactational stage on carotene, retinol
      ester, alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol content of early human milk was
      studied. These nutrients were analyzed simultaneously using normal phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. Serial samples of colostrum and early milk
      representative of complete early morning expressions were obtained during the
      first 6 weeks post-partum from mothers giving birth prematurely (PT) and at term
      (FT). Colostrum carotene content declined significantly during the first week of
      lactation. There was no apparent gestational age effect on milk carotene levels.
      The longitudinal pattern of change observed for milk retinol ester and alpha
      tocopherol content was however, significantly different between PT and FT milk.
      Retinol ester levels were similar on days 1-2 postpartum reaching a maximal level
      on days 3-4 postpartum in FT milk. For PT milk the maximum retinol ester
      concentration occurred on days 6-7 postpartum. Retinol ester content decreased
      throughout lactation. The rate of decline was more marked for FT milk. The
      concentration of alpha-tocopherol in colostrum was higher in FT milk. On all
      subsequent days examined the level of alpha-tocopherol was greater in PT milk.
      For both FT and PT milk the alpha-tocopherol concentration was higher during the
      first week of lactation when compared with following weeks. gamma-Tocopherol
      levels were not influenced by gestational age or lactational stage. Levels of
      milk vitamin A and E did not appear to correlate with maternal intake. Colostrum
      levels of vitamin A and E may imply active sequestration by the mammary gland in
      compensation for limited placental transport. Early milk content of vitamin A and
      E appears to parallel mammary gland lipid synthesis.

PMID- 4029053
TI  - Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in newborn infants.
      Discriminative value of mid arm circumference and of skinfold thickness.
AB  - 74 appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) and 22 small-for-gestational age (SGA)
      caucasian infants were studied for anthropometric parameters: mid arm
      circumference (MAC), triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (TSKF and SSKF)
      recorded at 15 and 60 s, chest circumference (cc), head circumference, birth
      weight and length. MAC is highly correlated with birth weight either in AGA (r =
      0.936; P less than 0.001) or in SGA infants (r = 0.860; P less than 0.001). MAC
      is also correlated with gestational age in AGA (r = 0.850; P less than 0.001) and
      SGA infants (r = 0.76; P less than 0.001). Similar correlations were found
      between TSKF, SSKF and birth weight or gestational age. Arm muscle and fat areas
      are also positively correlated with birth weight and gestational age, in AGA and
      SGA infants. A multiple regression analysis of our data allowed a classification
      of the best discriminant anthropometric parameters between AGA and SGA infants.
      MAC, SSKF15, SSKF60 and chest circumference were selected. An equation was
      established in AGA infants with these four parameters giving a predictive
      gestational age: gestational age (weeks) = 1.216 MAC (cm)-3.588 SSKF15 (mm) +
      0.263 CC (cm) + 17.9. The ratio of predicted gestational age to the real
      gestational age was 1.0 +/- 0.044 in AGA versus 0.896 +/- 0.034 in SGA infants.
      Our data suggest that MAC and SSKF provide a simple measure of body composition
      of neonates and a useful tool for determining the degree of maturity of a newborn
      independent of birth weight.

PMID- 4029054
TI  - Maternal vocalisations and other sounds in the fetal lamb's sound environment.
AB  - In a first experiment a miniaturised radio hydrophone was implanted inside the
      amniotic sac in three pregnant ewes and recordings were made from 3 weeks before
      the lambs were born until they had emerged; these recordings showed that the
      sound of the mother's voice was slightly louder when picked up by the hydrophone
      inside the amniotic sac than when picked up by a microphone beside her flank and
      that sounds recorded during labour included long and loud low frequency sounds
      associated with contractions, and an increase, compared with before labour, in
      the incidence of sounds produced by the maternal cardiovascular system and by
      breathing. Over the last 3 weeks of gestation the attenuation of sounds from
      outside the mother decreased at frequencies between 500 and 4000 Hz, but not
      below or above those frequencies. In a second experiment the bleats of 23
      pregnant ewes were recorded; their lambs were taken at birth and tested with the
      sound of either their own mother's bleats, or with bleats from an alien ewe.
      Heart rate changes which occurred during playback of maternal and alien bleats
      differed significantly, but only on the occasion when each lamb heard its first
      bleat, postnatally.

PMID- 4029055
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked responses in infants at risk of sudden infant death.
AB  - Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) were recorded from 63 near-miss
      Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (NMSIDS) infants, 26 siblings of SIDS (SSIBS)
      infants and 67 control infants between 0 and 30 weeks post-term. The majority of
      BAERs recorded from the NMSIDS and SSIBS infants had normal form and interpeak
      intervals (V-I and V-IIn) within normal limits for their age. However, 15% of
      these infants had interpeak intervals outside the normal range, suggesting
      abnormal neural function in these cases. The distributions of interpeak intervals
      for all NMSIDS and SSIBS infants were skewed towards longer times compared to
      control infants. The distributions of V-IIn intervals for both groups of at risk
      infants were significantly different to that of control infants. While the
      observations confirm that the recording of BAERs is not suitable for identifying
      infants at risk of SIDS, they suggest, however, that maturation of neural
      processing in the brainstem of these infants may be delayed.

PMID- 4029056
TI  - Effects of aerial applications of cypermethrin and demeton-S-methyl on nontarget
      arthropods of wheat.
AB  - Cypermethrin (Ripcord) and demeton-S-methyl (Duratox) were each applied to large
      fields of winter wheat by fixed-wing aircraft. The numbers of soil surface- and
      foliar-dwelling arthropods were estimated at intervals before and after treatment
      in both the treated and an untreated control field, using pitfall traps and a D
      Vac suction sampler. Cereal aphids were the major group of phytophagous insects
      collected from all of the trial sites. Both compounds caused an initial decline
      in their numbers immediately after spraying but a significant "resurgence" in
      aphid populations was observed in the demeton-S-methyl-treated field towards the
      end of the study. The major groups of entomophagous arthropods collected from the
      fields were Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Linyphiidae, Empididae, and Braconidae.
      With the exception of the effects of cypermethrin on linyphiids and demeton-S
      methyl on empids, both of the treatments had only minor, short-lived effects on
      these entomophages. Neither of the compounds had any significant, long-term
      effects on general feeding (e.g., detritivorous) arthropods.

PMID- 4029057
TI  - Cellular uptake and subcellular distribution of mercury in chick embryonic
      retinal cell aggregates.
AB  - Cellular uptake and subcellular distribution of mercury (203HgCl2) were
      determined in the chick embryonic retinal cell aggregation system. The
      accumulation of mercury was dependent upon its concentration in the medium. The
      uptake was rapid; a maximum deposition of mercury at 5 microM occurred within the
      first 30 min followed by a decline. Accumulation of mercury at 1 microM was
      constant between 15 min and 24 hr. The subcellular distribution of mercury was
      observed in the following order: nuclei and cell debris greater than mitochondria
      lysosomes greater than 105,000g supernatant greater than microsomes. The activity
      of acid phosphatase markedly decreased in the aggregates treated with mercury at
      50 to 100 microM for 24 hr. Low concentrations of mercury at 0.5 to 5 microM
      showed an inhibition of this enzyme activity in a cell-free system. The results
      indicate a relationship between the amount of mercury in the cells and the
      toxicity it produced on the retinal cell aggregation system.

PMID- 4029058
TI  - Iron retention and distribution in the cadmium-induced iron deficiency.
AB  - The retention and distribution of iron-59 after oral administration of a single
      iron dose in the presence and absence of various cadmium doses were tested in
      normal rats acutely or subchronically treated with various amounts of dietary
      cadmium (28, 56, 112 ppm). In a second series of experiments the kinetic
      parameters (Km and Vmax) of iron absorption were estimated in normal and iron
      deficient rats after oral administration and from tied-off jejunal and duodenal
      segments. In acute experiments the retention of iron decreased inversely with
      respect to the cadmium dose administered simultaneously. After subchronic
      exposure to dietary cadmium for 4 weeks the retention of iron was increased if
      iron was administered alone or together with cadmium in comparison to normal
      controls. If iron was administered alone to subchronically treated animals, iron
      retention was of the same order of magnitude as in iron-deficient controls.
      However, if iron was administered together with cadmium (molar ratios 1/0.5, 1/1,
      1/2 mumol/kg body wt) the retention of iron was decreased in a dose-dependent
      manner. The iron content in the liver and spleen of acutely exposed rats
      decreased, whereas the tissue content of the treated rats increased according to
      the increased body retention of iron. The utilization of iron for hemoglobin
      synthesis remained unchanged in all groups investigated.

PMID- 4029059
TI  - Sewage effluent biomonitoring. I. Survival, growth, and histopathological effects
      in channel catfish.
AB  - A 17-day, in situ, biomonitoring study using caged, juvenile channel catfish
      (Ictalurus punctatus) was conducted at five sites along a 9-km section of the
      Flint River at the Anthony Ragnone Wastewater Treatment Plant near Montrose,
      Michigan. Effects on survival, growth, and gill and liver histopathology were
      examined. No differences in growth, measured as wet weight gain, were observed
      between upstream control (UP) and experimental fish located 9 km downstream from
      the outfall (Down 4). Acute, 100% mortality occurred at study sites 300 and 500 m
      downstream from the outfall (Down 1 and Down 2, respectively). Mortality was
      probably due to excessive mean total residual chlorine concentration (0.24 and
      0.30 mg/liter at Down 1 and Down 2, respectively). No mortality was observed at
      the remaining study sites. Forty percent of the fish at UP had slight hyperplasia
      and hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium. All fish at Down 4 had two or more
      moderate to severe histopathological damages to the gills, including severe
      hyperplasia of the epithelial cells, clubbing and fusion of the secondary
      lamellae, moderate to severe edema in the secondary lamellae, and multiple, blood
      filled aneurysms. Thirty-eight percent of livers from the UP fish were extremely
      vacuolated compared to 60% of the Down 4 fish livers. Both the vacuolated and
      less vacuolated (dense) liver sections stained negatively for lipids with oil red
      O. The vacuolated liver sections were qualitatively more intense than the dense
      sections when stained with Best's carmine. Vacuolated liver sections stained
      negatively with Best's carmine when pretreated with amylase, thereby indicating
      that the vacuolation represented glycogen storage. There was no correlation
      between the histopathological changes and any deleterious effects on growth or
      survival during the 17-day exposure. However, the gill histopathological changes
      would likely increase susceptibility to bacterial gill disease, and cause a
      reduction in the scope for activity due to impaired oxygen diffusion in the
      gills.

PMID- 4029060
TI  - Absence of initiating activity by quercetin in the rat liver.
AB  - Initiating activity of quercetin was tested in rats which were treated with
      partial hepatectomy and given a liver cancer promoter, phenobarbital. A few
      intestinal neoplasms were seen but without significant difference in incidence
      from those in the quercetin-untreated group. Moreover, neither neoplastic nor
      preneoplastic liver changes were detected in quercetin-treated groups. With
      hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test, quercetin did not produce
      genotoxicity. The results show that quercetin has no initiating or genotoxic
      activities in the rat liver.

PMID- 4029062
TI  - [A course for continuing medical education].
AB  - To promote continuing medical education, the Central Military Hospital of Mexico
      offers a course in which the student may develop his skills for finding and using
      sources of information, applying the scientific method to biomedical research,
      and communicating the results thereof in writing. The methodology is more self
      instructional than expository. The course program is divided into three modules
      geared to the general objectives, and the duration varies between 10 and 14
      weeks. The course is attended in the final stage of the professional training,
      when the student has just completed his specialization, or when he is beginning
      it, on the premise that this is the best time to make clear to the physician the
      need to continue studying and learning throughout life. The author of this
      article explains why the course is important, states its specific objectives and,
      in an annex, presents the content of the program.

PMID- 4029061
TI  - Compartmentalization and persistence of endothall in experimental pools.
AB  - The compartmentalization and persistence of endothall, an aquatic herbicide, was
      studied using static greenhouse experimental pools. An overall aqueous pseudo
      first-order decay rate coefficient of 0.173 day-1 and a half-life of 4.01 days
      were observed at endothall treatment levels of 0.03, 1.6, and 4.5 mg liter-1.
      Instantaneous sediment partition coefficients (Kp) were calculated at maximum
      endothall concentrations in sediments and ranged from 51.4 to 127.7.
      Bioconcentration factors (BCF) for the submerged aquatic macrophyte, Myriophyllum
      spicatum, ranged from 3.9 to 768.9. These instantaneous BCF values were
      calculated at the maximum M. spicatum endothall concentrations. The short aqueous
      half-life for endothall compares well with previous studies; however, both the Kp
      and BCF were one to three orders of magnitude higher than observed in a previous
      laboratory study and calculated from regression equations based on endothall
      solubility. Experimental pool studies can be important steps in translation of
      data from the laboratory to field and in the development of field sampling
      protocols that require understanding of expected behavior of a chemical in
      aquatic systems.

PMID- 4029063
TI  - [A contemporary model of environmental health sciences: its application in the
      recruitment of faculty and in academic development].
AB  - The authors describe the development and application of an intellectual model
      fitted to the environmental health sciences. The model became the basis for the
      design of a new study plan in addition to providing the strategy for recruitment
      of the faculty for the new School of Public Health of the San Diego State
      University in San Diego, California. They give an account of the circumstances
      leading up to the establishment of this institution, the gradual consolidation of
      the different health science programs into a single school with graduate studies
      leading to masters degrees in six main fields: environmental health, occupational
      health, epidemiology, maternal and child health, health services administration,
      and health development. The authors see the beginning of a redefinition of the
      function of the basic sciences represented in environmental health in the light
      of new knowledge and technology, and believe that all fields of knowledge
      (microbiology, parasitology and health development) will contribute as a unified
      whole to increase the capacity of public health to place both biological and
      environmental health problems in a context that society can control.

PMID- 4029064
TI  - [Teaching methods and the improvement of education in health administration].
AB  - This article raises two basic problems that health administration educators must
      face in drawing up study plans and selecting pedagogical methods for the proper
      training of local-level health administrators. One problem is the theory of
      administration--influenced by scientific theories from other disciplines--and the
      other is the many objectives of instruction in this field. Some of the factors
      are examined that have helped prevent the development in health administration
      instruction of a clear perception that would enable it to identify the problems,
      methodologies and appropriate solutions at the local level everywhere; this lack
      of clarity naturally gives rise to a series of conflicts about the educational
      requirements and those of the administration process itself. The primary
      activities of a local administrator and the nature of the student's motivation
      and his objective have to be borne in mind in the context of the teaching and
      learning experience. The author feels that, apart from considerations on social
      justice, the right road to the improvement of instruction in this field is
      essentially to choose the best pedagogical technology for the type of student to
      which it is addressed.

PMID- 4029065
TI  - [Current participation of the nurse in the activities covered in the "expanded
      role of nursing"].
AB  - The article reports on a survey conducted in Colombia to evaluate the part played
      by the nurse in the functions covered by what has come to be called "the expanded
      role of nursing." According to the survey, there are 2,213 practicing nurses, who
      are clustered in the principal cities of the country. Those who participated in
      the study are young nurses holding staff positions in such institutions as
      university and social security hospitals. Their training is mostly at the
      university level, and they have had five years or less of experience. The article
      notes that, to perform the duties of the expanded role, the nurse must
      participate in accordance with her training, interest and motivation. The
      participation may be conditioned by factors in the nurse herself (prior
      knowledge, former training, previous participation, and responsibility) and by
      factors in the working environment (the person who instructed her on her role,
      the post she holds, her length of service/length of her work day, permission
      received from the institution to exercise her function, and the medical and
      nursing agreement). Parodoxically, the nurse is being made a participant in new
      functions at hospitals where there are medical resources and not in regions and
      places where those resources are scarce or nonexistent. The expanded role of
      nursing opens to the nurse a range of activities that enable her to provide
      quality care to the patient and to his or her family and community, to extend the
      coverage of health services, and offer treatment effectively.

PMID- 4029066
TI  - [Challenges of the future in pharmacology].

PMID- 4029067
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes as affected by isotheoline].

PMID- 4029068
TI  - [Regression of experimental cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits after
      stopping the atherogenic diet and after treatment with nicotinic acid].

PMID- 4029069
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the thymus epithelial cells in the early stage of human
      prenatal development].

PMID- 4029070
TI  - [Purple membranes as a model system for research on photoreception processes. I.
      The structure, asymmetry and dynamics of the purple membrane].

PMID- 4029071
TI  - [Experimental research on the hepatoprotective activity of drug combinations].

PMID- 4029072
TI  - [Preliminary construction and validation of an anxiety scale derived from the
      French version of the AMDP, the AMDP-AT].
AB  - The authors have applied to 493 Belgian and French patients the French version of
      the AMDP Psychopathology and Somatic scales, made of 140 items from the original
      German version and of 22 items specific to its French adaptation, among others
      anxiety items. By applying a principal components factor analysis to this sample,
      a 17-items. Anxiety Scale was extracted from the 162-items complete scales. This
      new scale is characterized by a predominence of tension/irritability items over
      somatic items as compared to the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. On 116 cases, the
      correlation between both scales is .59 (p less than .0001). A cut-off score for
      anxiety and an inclusion score for drug trials are suggested on the basis of
      statistical data.

PMID- 4029073
TI  - [Melatonin. Chronobiologic peripheral endocrine index in depressive states].
AB  - The chronobiological studies with melatonin constitute valid arguments to
      consider melatonin as a peripheral index of depressive disorders. In a group of
      patients with major depression, we reported a lowering of melatonin nocturnal
      plasma levels, associated with cortisol hypersecretion. A similar lowering of
      melatonin was observed in a group of patients with cluster headaches, but without
      quantitative modification of cortisol secretion. Other studies are necessary in
      order to determine wether melatonin may be considered as a "state marker" of
      depression itself or a marker of the genetic vulnerability to depression.

PMID- 4029074
TI  - [Lewis-negative blood group. Definite frequency, probable prognostic value in
      adult psychiatry].
AB  - The negative Lewis blood type is meaningfully more frequent with our psychiatric
      patients than with the general population. The theoretical interest of this fact
      is certain for the reason of two particularities of this blood type. It is not
      genetically and definitely determined at birth: the absence of passing over
      negativity through positivity seems to constitute a factor in favour of the
      blossoming of a psychiatric pathology. It is in connection with the secretory
      aptitude of some cells: this fact opens some perspectives for the comprehension
      of the deficits in the neurotransmitters. The application of theory will be
      confirmed by others statistics. But it indeed appears that the control of the
      chemiotherapy is more difficult with the negative Lewis blood type patients.

PMID- 4029075
TI  - [Study of cerebral blood flow by the xenon-133 method in 10 schizophrenic
      adolescents].
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (r CBF) was compared in ten adolescents with
      hebephrenia who were never treated with neuroleptics and ten normal controls
      using the Xenon 133 inhalation method. There were no differences in mean
      hemispheric blood flow. The main difference was the loss of the "hyperfrontal
      pattern" in the schizophrenics: the prefrontal values were only 0.7% greater than
      the blood flow in the rest of the hemisphere, compared with 14.6% in the
      controls.

PMID- 4029076
TI  - [Platelet monoamine oxidase and sex hormones in a population of depressed
      patients].
AB  - The association between changes in platelet MAO activity and Major Depressive
      Episode have been demonstrated. Cyclical changes in sex hormones serum levels had
      never been related with changes of MAO activity in depressed patients. Platelet
      MAO activity, oestrogen serum levels, progesterone serum levels and testosterone
      serum levels, have been measured in drug free depressed patients: 22 men and 42
      women. This study demonstrates no relationship between serum levels hormons and
      platelet MAO activity, measured in men and in women. If young women are separated
      from menopaused women, platelet MAO activity is negatively correlated with
      oestrogen serum levels, in non menopaused women. Significance of this variation
      in studies about the use of MAO as a biochemical marker in depression is
      discussed.

PMID- 4029077
TI  - [Anorexia nervosa: the plate and the scanner].

PMID- 4029078
TI  - Slow metabolic clearance rate of the 20,000-dalton variant of human growth
      hormone: implications for biological activity.
AB  - The 20,000-dalton variant of human GH (hGH) (20 K) exhibits full growth-promoting
      bioactivity in the rat despite its poor interaction with GH receptors, as
      compared to the principal 22,000-dalton form of hGH (22 K). To test the
      possibility that prolonged survival time of 20 K in vivo may contribute to this
      apparent discrepancy, we compared the MCRs of 22 K and 20 K in the rat by the
      single injection technique. Both radiolabeled and native 22 K and 20 K were
      examined in this regard. The MCR of 20 K was 2- to 3-fold lower than that of 22
      K, a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05). The distribution
      volumes were similar for the two hGH forms and corresponded approximately to the
      extracellular fluid space. We conclude that the prolonged persistence of 20 K in
      the circulation may contribute to its higher than expected bioactivity in vivo in
      the rat.

PMID- 4029079
TI  - Estrogen regulates low density lipoprotein metabolism by cultured swine granulosa
      cells.
AB  - To test estrogen's possible regulation of lipoprotein metabolism by granulosa
      cells, swine granulosa cells were cultured under serum-free conditions in the
      presence or absence of estradiol. Treatment with estradiol significantly enhanced
      high affinity, saturable, [125I]iodo-low density lipoprotein (LDL) binding with a
      median 2.85-fold (range 2.3- to 5.6-fold, n = six experiments) increase in the
      calculated number of LDL receptors and no change in the apparent dissociation
      constant (Kd) for LDL binding (Kd = 3.4 +/- 0.92 micrograms/ml in control and 4.0
      +/- 0.87 micrograms/ml human LDL in estradiol-treated cultures). Estradiol also
      significantly increased [125I]iodo-LDL internalization by granulosa cells and
      augmented the maximal rate of LDL degradation by 2.0 to 2.5-fold without altering
      the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for this process. Estrogen's dose
      dependent enhancement of [125I]iodo-LDL binding, internalization, and degradation
      could be observed at minimum estradiol concentrations of approximately 100 ng/ml
      and was accompanied by increased progesterone secretion by granulosa cells.
      Further studies indicated that estrogen's stimulation of LDL internalization and
      degradation was not simply attributable to increased rates of nonspecific bulk
      fluid-phase pinocytosis (assessed with [125I]iodo-polyvinylpyrrolidone) or
      increased steroidogenesis per se (tested by blocking cholesterol side-chain
      cleavage with aminoglutethimide). We conclude that estradiol amplifies LDL
      binding by swine granulosa cells by increasing the number of high affinity,
      saturable LDL receptors with no alteration in their apparent affinity. Moreover,
      estrogen action is accompanied by enhanced rates of progesterone production in
      the presence of LDL, and increased rates of LDL internalization and degradation,
      which could not be accounted for simply by accelerated nonspecific bulk fluid
      phase pinocytosis. We suggest that the significant facilitative actions of
      estradiol on lipoprotein binding and metabolism are likely to assist in preparing
      granulosa cells for the increased rates of progesterone biosynthesis ultimately
      required in functional corpora lutea.

PMID- 4029080
TI  - Specific binding of estrogen and estrogen-receptor complex by microsomes from
      estrogen-responsive tissues of the rat.
AB  - Rat uterine and anterior pituitary microsomes each contain a population of
      specific estrogen-binding sites. Saturation binding of estradiol is demonstrable,
      with an affinity similar to that of the cytosol estrogen receptor (Ka = 1-2 X
      10(10) M-1). Dissociation rate kinetic determinations, however, revealed that
      estrogen-microsomal complexes are 4 times as stable as cytosol estrogen-receptor
      complexes. Sedimentation properties in sucrose gradients were salt-dependent,
      yielding values of 10S in KCl-free buffer and 5.5S in the presence of 0.4 M KCl.
      The concentration of microsomal sites varies in proportion to the level of
      cytosol estrogen receptor, such that microsomal binding constitutes a consistent
      20% of the total extranuclear binding capacity. Binding is sensitive to pronase,
      but not to ribonuclease or deoxyribonuclease; steroidal specificity differs from
      cytosol receptor only with respect to a greater extent of competition by
      progesterone. Microsomal binding sites are readily extractable with KCl-free
      hypotonic buffer or with 0.4 M KCl, but are resistant to extraction by 0.15 M
      KCl. The presence of estradiol lends stability to the microsomal binding sites,
      while high salt has a deleterious effect on their longevity. After exhaustive
      extraction of binding sites, microsomes are capable of accepting cytosol
      estradiol-receptor complexes to a level corresponding to the concentration of
      depleted binding sites; microsomes from nontarget tissue do not manifest such
      capability. However, the original microsomal estrogen-binding sites are not
      simply cytosol receptor contaminants, as evidenced by the observations that the
      microsomal binding site concentration is independent of the volume of tissue
      homogenate (indicating that a trapping phenomenon is not operative) and that
      nonextracted microsomes are not potential acceptor sites for cytosol estradiol
      receptor complexes. In considering total cellular dynamics of estrogen and
      estrogen receptor turnover, it thus becomes important to explore the role of the
      microsomal compartment, since it functions as a repository of specific estrogen
      binding sites and may have significant acceptor capability for the cytosol
      estrogen-receptor complex.

PMID- 4029081
TI  - [3H]cortivazol: a unique high affinity ligand for the glucocorticoid receptor.
AB  - Cortivazol (CVZ) and deacylcortivazol (DAC) are pyrazolosteroids with potent
      glucocorticoid activity. In previous work we showed that DAC is 40-fold more
      potent than dexamethasone (DEX) in lysing leukemic lymphoblasts. To assess the
      interaction between these atypical steroids and the glucocorticoid receptor, we
      examined the binding of [3H]CVZ to cytosol from glucocorticoid-sensitive and 
      resistant variants of the human leukemic cell line CEM C7. In glucocorticoid
      sensitive cells [3H]CVZ causes a 2-fold induction of glutamine synthetase and
      binds to a protein in the 4.6 S region of high salt sucrose gradients. On DEAE
      cellulose chromatography, [3H]CVZ-receptor complexes show a shift from high (0.25
      M KP) to low salt (0.09 M KP) eluting forms upon activation. CVZ competes for a
      97,000-dalton protein labeled by [3H]dexamethasone mesylate. Scatchard analysis
      of the binding of [3H]CVZ in glucocorticoid-sensitive cells revealed a
      curvilinear plot which resolved into high (0.4 nM) and low (11 nM) affinity
      components. The receptor concentration of the low affinity site (0.30 pmol/mg
      protein) was approximately twice that of the high affinity site (0.14 pmol/mg
      protein). Dissociation experiments with dilution and/or excess unlabeled CVZ
      supported the presence of independent sites. In contrast, the binding of [3H]DEX
      to C7 cytosol revealed a single class of binding sites (Kd = 1.9 nM; receptor
      concentration, 0.46 pmol/mg protein). Examination of the binding of [3H]CVZ using
      10(-5) M DEX as the competing ligand showed that DEX binds only to the low
      affinity site detected by [3H]CVZ. In cytosol from a glucocorticoid-resistant
      cell line with virtually no [3H]DEX binding, [3H]CVZ detected a single high
      affinity binding site that was similar in dissociation constant (0.8 nM) and
      receptor concentration (0.13 pmol/mg protein) to the high affinity site detected
      in the glucocorticoid-sensitive cell line C7.

PMID- 4029082
TI  - The effect of gastrin-releasing peptide on growth hormone secretion in the rat.
AB  - Several investigators have reported gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-like
      immunostaining in several regions of the rat brain. The objective of this study
      was to determine the possible effects of this peptide on GH release. Porcine GRP
      was injected intraventricularly (third ventricular) in a volume of 2 microliters
      into ovariectomized female rats. A significant decrease in basal GH release, as
      evidenced by decreased plasma GH levels, was observed within 10 min which lasted
      for 90 min after the injection of 2 micrograms (0.7 nmol) GRP (P less than
      0.001). In addition, all GH pulses were abolished during this time. In subsequent
      experiments, varying doses of GRP were administered, and human pancreatic GH
      releasing factor (GRF) was injected iv at a dose of 0.1 microgram/kg 20 min later
      to determine the responsiveness of the pituitary. The minimal effective dose of
      GRP to lower plasma GH was approximately 10 ng (3.6 pmol); however, the GH
      releasing action of GRF was blocked by even the lowest dose of the peptide tested
      (5 ng; 1.8 pmol). To determine if GRP had any direct action on the pituitary,
      overnight-cultured pituitary cells from ovariectomized animals were incubated for
      1 h with GRP in various concentrations. There was a slight dose-dependent
      stimulation of GH release with concentrations of GRP ranging from 10(-9)-10(-6)
      M; however, the GH-releasing action was much less than that of GRF. To confirm
      the direct stimulatory effect of GRP on GH release, dispersed pituitary cells
      were perifused with medium containing 2 X 10(-6) M GRP. An immediate increase in
      GH release was observed in the perfusate. Since GRP has a direct stimulatory
      action to release GH in the pituitary, but ivt injection of the peptide inhibits
      GH release and blocks the response to GRF, we suggest that GRP may act on
      periventricular structures to release somatostatin, which reduces GH release and
      blocks the response to GRF.

PMID- 4029083
TI  - Selection and characterization of a breast cancer cell line resistant to the
      antiestrogen LY 117018.
AB  - We have selected and cloned a stable variant of the MCF-7 human breast cancer
      cell line (LY 2) that is resistant to LY 117018 (LY), a potent antiestrogen that
      inhibits cell growth at concentrations as low as 10(-10) M. The cell line was
      selected by increasing the concentration of LY in the growth medium in a stepwise
      manner from 10(-8) to 10(-6) M as the cells become resistant. LY2 has been cloned
      in soft agar and carried for over 50 passages with no change in resistance. Other
      antiestrogens, such as tamoxifen and 40-hydroxytamoxifen no longer inhibit cell
      proliferation of LY 2. The cell line is still responsive to estrogen in a cell
      proliferation assay, but contains somewhat less estrogen receptors than MCF-7.
      The cytosolic estrogen receptor sediments to a 4S position on high salt sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation and is completely shifted to a denser gradient
      region when the receptor is incubated with a monoclonal antiestrophilin. The
      nuclear estrogen receptor when covalently labeled with [3H]tamoxifen aziridine
      has the same mol wt (62,000) in both MCF-7 and LY2 cells, when determined by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In a competitive
      binding assay, LY 117018 competes for [3H]estradiol binding to its cytosol
      receptor with the same Ki in both MCF-7 and LY2 cells. When the induction of
      estrogen-specific proteins was examined, no detectable progesterone receptor
      could be detected in either estrogen-induced or control LY2 cells, in contrast to
      MCF-7 cells. However, both 52,000- and 160,000-dalton proteins were estrogen
      inducible in the medium of LY2 and MCF-7 cells, as measured by labeling with
      [35S]methionine. The phenotypic stability of the antiestrogen resistance in LY2
      cells coupled with the cross-resistance the antiestrogens of widely different
      structures make this cell line an ideal model system for the study of hormone
      resistance in human breast cancer. In addition, while the mechanism of resistance
      is currently not elucidated, the selective loss of estrogen-inducible functions
      in this cell line may provide powerful clues for future study.

PMID- 4029084
TI  - In vitro synthesis and secretion of ovine trophoblast protein-1 during the period
      of maternal recognition of pregnancy.
AB  - The trophoblast of the sheep conceptus secretes a low mol wt, acidic polypeptide
      called ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1) from days 13-21 of pregnancy. This
      protein has been proposed to have an antiluteolytic role during pregnancy, since
      infusion of oTP-1 into the uterine lumen of nonpregnant ewes lengthened their
      estrous cycles. In the present study, mRNA from day 16 conceptuses was translated
      using a cell-free wheat germ lysate, and oTP-1 was immunoprecipitated from the
      translation mixture by means of a specific rabbit antiserum. The predominant
      protein synthesized under these conditions was oTP-1, which had a mol wt (21,000)
      higher than that of oTP-1 secreted by intact conceptuses into culture medium (mol
      wt, 17,000). In a separate experiment, in vitro secretion of oTP-1 from
      conceptuses on days 13, 17, and 21 of pregnancy was examined. Conceptuses were
      cultured for 24 h in the presence of [3H]leucine, and oTP-1 was
      immunoprecipitated from the culture medium. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into
      secreted macromolecules (mol wt, greater than 3500) increased 12-fold from days
      13 to 21, while release of immunoprecipitable 3H-labeled oTP-1 increased 27-fold
      from days 13 to 17 and declined by over 50% from days 17 to 21. When results were
      expressed per microgram DNA, secretion of total macromolecules declined from days
      13 to 17 and then remained constant until day 21. The pattern of oTP-1 secretion
      held whether results were expressed per conceptus or per unit DNA. The
      interestrous intervals for the donor ewes were shorter for ewes which had their
      conceptuses removed on day 13 than for ewes flushed on day 17 or 21. Thus, the
      period of oTP-1 synthesis corresponds closely to the time at which the conceptus
      acts to extend luteal lifespan.

PMID- 4029085
TI  - Effect of thyroid hormone supplementation on survival after bacterial infection.
AB  - During nonthyroidal illness in man and a number of experimental animals, serum
      total thyroid hormone levels are decreased. To determine whether the reduction in
      thyroid hormones that occurs during nonthyroidal illness is beneficial or harmful
      to the host, an experimental animal model was developed. Male Sprague-Dawley rats
      were infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae type I, a known human pathogen. By 40
      h after inoculation, serum total and free T4 and total T3 decreased
      significantly. Serum free T3 also decreased slightly but not significantly. When
      infected animals were injected daily with T4, there was a decrease in the time to
      death and significant increase in the total number of deaths compared to controls
      receiving vehicle alone. Control experiments showed that T4 did not affect the
      growth of S. pneumoniae on blood agar plates, and the injected T4 did not cause
      hyperthyroidism. These results suggest that the decrease in serum thyroid hormone
      that occurs during nonthyroidal illness is beneficial and may serve a role in
      maintaining homeostasis by conserving metabolic energy during infection as an
      important adaptation that prolongs survival.

PMID- 4029086
TI  - Variables determining the growth hormone response of His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys
      NH2 in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies of His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 (GH-RP-6) have shown this
      synthetic hexapeptide to be a potent and specific stimulator of GH secretion both
      in vivo and in vitro. In this study the variables determining the in vivo
      responses were examined in the rat. The magnitude of the GH response to sc GH-RP
      6 was dependent on the age and sex of the rat. Animals less than 15 days of age
      had much larger responses than did rats 21 days and older. At 10 days of age the
      male rat had a larger GH response than the female. At 21 days of age, bis(4
      methyl 1-homo-piperazinyl-thiocarbonyl) disulfide (Fla-63)-pretreated females had
      larger responses than did Fla-63-pretreated males. In the Fla-63-pretreated adult
      rat, sc GH-RP-6 stimulated GH release in the female but not in the male. In the
      10-day-old male, the ED50 for sc GH-RP-6 was 0.4 micrograms, and the maximal
      serum GH response was 800 ng/ml. In the 21-day-old female Fla-63-pretreated rat,
      the ED50 for sc GH-RP-6 was 3.0 micrograms, and the maximal GH response was 200
      ng/ml. In the 21-day-old female pentobarbital-anesthetized rat, iv GH-RP-6 had an
      ED50 of 0.5 micrograms and a maximal serum GH response of 2500 ng/ml. A marked
      dose- and time-dependent decrease of subsequent GH-RP-6 responses occurred after
      a single sc GH-RP-6 injection. Decreases in pituitary GH or increases in
      somatostatin secretion would not explain this decreased response because the GH
      response of MRZ 2549, an opiate agonist, was unchanged by GH-RP-6 pretreatment.
      In contrast to the acute effect of GH-RP-6, chronic daily injections of GH-RP-6
      resulted in an enhancement of the GH-RP-6 response.

PMID- 4029087
TI  - The electrical properties of isolated human prolactin-secreting adenoma cells and
      their modification by dopamine.
AB  - Human prolactinoma cells were maintained in culture for a period of at least 8
      days and were able to secrete PRL in large amounts. This secretion was inhibited
      by bromocriptine, an agonist of dopaminergic receptors, in a dose-dependent
      manner. The cells showed electrical activity (action potentials) which was
      blocked by inhibitors of calcium current (cobalt, manganese), whereas it was
      insensitive to blockers of sodium current (tetrodotoxin). At the resting
      potential of the cell, dopamine induced a hyperpolarizing response such that
      action potentials no longer occurred. This effect was due to increase of the
      membrane conductance and depended on the cell potential. The reversal potential
      of this response was at -100 mV, which suggests the involvement of potassium
      ions. Bromocriptine and RU 24213, which are strong dopaminergic receptor
      agonists, both induced responses identical to the dopamine-induced response. The
      D2 receptor antagonists (haloperidol, domperidone, and spiperone) blocked the
      dopamine-induced response in a reversible manner. The D1 antagonist of
      dopaminergic receptors flupentixol had no effect on the dopamine response. It is
      concluded that the dopamine modulation of electrical activity involving calcium
      current may be an early important step in the mechanism by which dopamine
      inhibits PRL release.

PMID- 4029088
TI  - Effects of aluminum on bovine parathyroid adenylate cyclase.
AB  - It is known that the secretion of PTH is often impaired in association with
      aluminum (Al3+) accumulation in patients with renal failure. The mechanisms
      involved remain ill defined. Since adenylate cyclase plays a role in the
      regulation of PTH secretion, these studies examine the effects of Al3+ on
      parathyroid adenylate cyclase. In membranes from normal bovine parathyroid
      glands, basal adenylate cyclase activity, in the presence of 0.2 mM ATP and 20 mM
      Mg2+, increased by 22% as Al3+ was raised from 0-10 microM. Higher Al3+
      concentrations caused a progressive decrease in adenylate cyclase activity,
      reaching 68% inhibition of control activity at 2 mM Al3+. Since adenylate cyclase
      activation is influenced by the interaction of multiple sites within the
      adenylate cyclase complex, the nature of the inhibition by Al3+ was explored by
      examining the interaction of Al3+ with substrate ATP and with Mg2+, an allosteric
      activating metal ion. In the presence of 20 mM Mg2+, Al3+ concentrations of 1-2
      mM resulted in noncompetitive inhibition with respect to ATP [decrease in maximum
      velocity (Vmax) from 4176 in the absence of Al3+ to 1106 pmol cAMP/mg protein X
      15 min; Michaelis Menten constant (Km) for ATP was unchanged]. In contrast, at
      fixed ATP (0.2 mM), 0.5 mM resulted in competitive inhibition of adenylate
      cyclase with respect to Mg2+, whereas at higher Al3+ concentrations the
      inhibition was noncompetitive. When Mg2+ was replaced by Mn2+ (enzyme activity
      reflects the activity of the catalytic unit), the inhibitory effect of Al3+ on
      adenylate cyclase activity was abolished. These data suggest that the inhibition
      of parathyroid adenylate cyclase by Al3+ occurs at the level of the allosteric
      metal activating site. These data provide a potential mechanism for the
      inhibition of PTH secretion by Al3+.

PMID- 4029089
TI  - Thionapthene-2-carboxylic acid: a new antihypercalcemic agent.
AB  - Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (TCA) was previously shown to be hypocalcemic in the
      rat. We have compared TCA with thionapthene-2-carboxylic acid (TNCA), an analog
      which is a more potent inhibitor of bone resorption in vitro, for the ability to
      decrease serum calcium concentration in vivo. In normocalcemic rats on a low
      calcium diet, TNCA (2 mmol/kg) produced a larger and more prolonged decrease in
      calcium concentration than TCA. In rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma,
      which became hypercalcemic, TNCA produced a dose-related decrease in serum
      calcium concentration at 0.3-1.2 mmol/kg. TNCA reduced serum calcium
      concentration in 4-6 h, and the effects were sustained for up to 72 h. TNCA was
      effective after oral as well as sc administration. Unlike calcitonin which
      produced only a transient reduction in serum calcium followed by escape, the
      effects of TNCA (0.6 mmol/kg) were sustained for 1 week and were accompanied by a
      decrease in mortality in tumor-bearing animals. We conclude that TNCA is a potent
      hypocalcemic action which has a rapid and prolonged effect without evidence of
      escape. This and related compounds should be tested further for use in treatment
      of hypercalcemia and other states characterized by excessive bone resorption.

PMID- 4029090
TI  - Intracellular processing of prolactin.
AB  - PRL has been reported to exist as a number of mol wt and charge variants. We have
      attempted to determine the relationships among the charge and lower mol wt
      variants by two-dimensional gel analysis of pituitary and pituitary cell
      extracts. Silver-stained gels of the extracts showed three major charge isoforms
      of 24,000 mol wt PRL (PRLs 1, 2, and 3, with PRL 3 being the most anodic) and
      what appeared to be an arc of products originating in the region of PRL 3. Each
      spot in the arc was distinct and represented a small decrease in size (two to
      eight residues), with a corresponding increase in net negative charge. When
      primary cell cultures were labeled with [35S] methionine, the three PRL isoforms
      and arc products were detectable by autoradiography. Western blots of the two
      dimensional gels showed the arc products to be immunologically related to PRL.
      Treatment of the cell cultures with hydroxynorvaline (5 mM), which inhibits
      processing of pre-PRL to PRL, resulted in doublet spots in the arc. Elimination
      of protease inhibitors or an increase in temperature during protein isolation had
      no effect on the relative concentrations of PRL and arc products. Inclusion of
      standard PRL or [125I]iodo-PRL in the extraction solution did not increase the
      size of the spots in the arc or produce labeled arc products, respectively.
      Treatment of the cell cultures with chloroquine (10(-5) M) before and during
      radiolabeling had no effect on the production of radiolabeled arc products.
      Analysis of cell culture medium showed at least some of the arc products to be
      secreted. We conclude that PRL or a PRL-like molecule is processed
      intracellularly into a number of smaller derivatives. As the arc products
      accumulate within the cell and are secreted, we suggest that they may be
      biologically important relatives of PRL.

PMID- 4029091
TI  - Hypercalcemia in rats bearing growth hormone- and prolactin-secreting
      transplantable pituitary tumors.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of chronic massive elevations of serum GH and PRL on
      calcium metabolism in rats bearing the MStT/W15 and 7315a transplantable
      pituitary tumors. MStT/W15 tumor rats manifest elevated serum GH and PRL levels,
      hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and elevated serum levels of PTH and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D. The hypercalcemia was not reversed by dexamethasone or
      propranolol treatment, but was ameliorated by starvation. Parathyroidectomy
      produced hypocalcemia in the MStT/W15 tumor rats, confirming the parathyroid
      dependence of the hypercalcemia. The 7315a tumor produced a milder degree of
      hypercalcemia, along with elevated serum levels of PRL, ACTH, and corticosterone;
      serum GH was normal. In high concentrations, PRL and/or GH may stimulate the
      secretion of PTH as well as enhance dietary calcium absorption, in part through
      the mediation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

PMID- 4029092
TI  - Dynamic features of luteal secretory granules: ultrastructural changes during the
      course of pregnancy in the cow.
AB  - The ultrastructure of large and small cells from corpora lutea of pregnant cows
      (days 45-280) were evaluated by electron microscopy. The distinguishing features
      of small cells (10-15 micron in diameter) included stacks of rough endoplasmic
      reticulum, whorls of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, elongated mitochondria
      containing crystalline-like inclusions, and cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The large
      cells (20-50 micron in diameter) contained numerous mitochondria packed tightly
      together (no elongated structures), an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
      (no whorls), and a large number of membrane-bound secretory granules (150-300 nm
      in diameter). These granules appeared to be packaged in the Golgi, accumulated at
      a paranuclear region, and migrated as a group to the cell membrane where they
      were exocytosed. These granules were first observed on day 45 and increased in
      number to reach a peak around day 200. Lipid droplets became a common cytoplasmic
      inclusion in the large cells during the third trimester of pregnancy. In
      addition, during this stage, an electron-dense substance began to accumulate in
      the mitochondria to such an extent as to occlude the cristae. These mitochondria
      looked like large (500-1800 nm) membrane-bound granules; however, they did not
      undergo exocytosis. Their appearance in large cells during the last 3 months of
      pregnancy may reflect a change in steroid metabolism. Thus, there are two
      morphologically distinct cell types throughout pregnancy in the cow. The large
      cell containing the secretory granules underwent what appeared to be a
      progressive state of apparent deterioration with advancing pregnancy. The
      morphology of the small cell did not undergo such a dynamic change. No
      morphological evidence was observed that would support a transition state between
      the two cell types.

PMID- 4029093
TI  - Delayed pulmonary maturation in the fetus of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat.
AB  - Pulmonary maturation was studied in fetuses in streptozotocin-diabetic rats on
      the final four days of gestation. Diabetes was induced prior to conception by the
      intravenous injection of streptozotocin. Fetuses were hyperglycemic but did not
      manifest hyperinsulinemia. Whole lung total phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine,
      and disaturated phosphatidylcholine were significantly decreased in the diabetic
      group on day 21 (term = 22 days), but not prior to or after that point in
      gestation. Morphologic analysis also revealed a decreased number of type II cells
      and lamellar bodies per alveolar lining cell in the diabetic group only on day
      21, coincident with the changes in phospholipid analysis. Activities of enzymes
      involved in fetal pulmonary phospholipid synthesis were measured to see if
      differences could account for the observed developmental delay. No significant
      differences between diabetic and control lungs were noted in any of the enzymes
      studied from days 20-22, with the exception of an increase in cholinephosphate
      cytidylyltransferase activity in the diabetic fetuses on day 22. Immaturity in
      both biochemical and morphologic indices of lung development was present at a
      specific time late in the diabetic rat gestation. This maturational delay could
      not be accounted for by changes in the activities of enzymes involved in
      phospholipid synthesis. The fetus of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat provides a
      useful model to study the effects of hyperglycemia on fetal lung development.

PMID- 4029094
TI  - Cyclophosphamide-induced depression of the antioxidant defense mechanisms of the
      lung.
AB  - Cyclophosphamide causes lung toxicity in a wide variety of animals, including
      humans. Recent evidence suggests that oxygen (O2) potentiates cyclophosphamide
      induced pulmonary injury. We hypothesized that cyclophosphamide or one of its
      toxic metabolites, acrolein, may potentiate O2 toxicity by depressing lung
      antioxidant defense mechanisms. To test this, we gave rats cyclophosphamide (100
      mg/kg), acrolein (5 mg/kg), or a vehicle (control) in a single intraperitoneal
      injection and then killed them during a 5-day study period. Excised lungs were
      analyzed for reduced glutathione (GSH) content, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (G6PD), glutathione reductase (GSH-R), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-P), and
      superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. In the lungs of cyclophosphamide-treated
      rats, GSH content was increased 48% (P less than 0.001) on day 2 but
      progressively decreased to 50% of control values (P less than 0.001) on day 5.
      Significant reductions (P less than 0.005) in G6PD, GSH-R, and GSH-P activities
      occurred on days 1-5, and SOD activity was significantly decreased (P less than
      0.005) on days 4 and 5 by cyclophosphamide. In acrolein-treated rats, GSH content
      and GSH-R, GSH-P, and SOD activities were indistinguishable from those in
      controls. However, G6PD was increased (35-38%) on days 2 and 3 but returned to
      control values thereafter. To assess whether the cyclophosphamide-induced
      reduction in lung antioxidant defenses increased susceptibility to acute O2
      toxicity, we gave a separate group of rats cyclophosphamide, acrolein, or
      vehicle, and 4 days later exposed them to 100% O2 or air at 1 atmosphere
      absolute. All cyclophosphamide-, acrolein-, and vehicle-treated rats survived 60
      h air exposure, and all vehicle-treated rats exposed to 100% O2 survived. In
      contrast, all of the cyclophosphamide-treated rats exposed to 100% O2 died (P
      less than 0.05) within 40 h. Acrolein had no effect on survival in 100% O2. These
      results indicate that cyclophosphamide, but not acrolein, depresses lung
      antioxidant defense mechanisms, which may be responsible for increased mortality
      from O2 toxicity in cyclophosphamide-treated animals.

PMID- 4029095
TI  - Respiratory bronchiolitis following long-term ozone exposure in bonnet monkeys: a
      morphometric study.
AB  - To quantitate the response of respiratory bronchiolar (RB) epithelium and
      peribronchiolar connective tissue (PCT) to chronic exposure to high ambient
      levels of ozone, two groups of 8 adult male bonnet monkeys each were subjected 8
      h daily for one year to 0.64 ppm (UV standard) ozone or filtered air,
      respectively. Blocks of tissue selected throughout the lung and from first
      generation RBs following airway microdissection had the following significant
      exposure-related changes: 57% greater volume of RB in the lung, 27% smaller
      diameter of RB lumen, 179% thicker media and intima of peribronchiolar
      arterioles, 61% thicker RB epithelium, and 77% thicker PCT. The increase in
      thickness of the RB wall resulted primarily from an 84% increase in PCT, with the
      remainder from the epithelium. Estimates of cellular numerical density showed an
      81% increase in cuboidal bronchiolar cells and an 87% decrease in type 1
      pneumocytes in the exposed group. Cell volumes from serial section reconstruction
      showed significantly larger cuboidal bronchiolar (79%), ciliated (117%), and type
      2 (66%) cells over controls. Significant PCT changes included more amorphous
      extracellular matrix (288%), neutrophils (1523%), and lymphocytes/plasma cells
      (307%). The number of fibroblasts and the volume of extracellular fibers were
      larger than control values by 44% and 31% in the exposed group, but these changes
      were not statistically significant. Centriacinar changes due to exposure to long
      term, high ambient ozone in bonnet monkeys results in narrowing of respiratory
      bronchioles primarily by peribronchiolar inflammation (inflammatory cells,
      fibers, amorphous matrix) and secondarily through hyperplasia of cuboidal
      bronchiolar cells.

PMID- 4029096
TI  - A mathematical model for the transport and fate of organic chemicals in
      unsaturated/saturated soils.
AB  - A mathematical model, simulating the transport and fate of nonionizable organic
      compounds in unsaturated/saturated porous media (soils) in a terrestrial
      microcosm has been developed. Using the principles of water mass, momentum, heat
      energy and chemical mass balance, the three fields: moisture, temperature, and
      liquid phase chemical concentration are solved for simultaneously by coupling the
      soil slab to an environmentally realistic air-soil interface (a dynamic free
      boundary) conditions and a prescribed height water table. The environmental
      conditions at the soil surface-air chamber interface are easily changed, via
      geometric scaling factors, to simulate either an open agricultural field or a
      landfill type of situation. Illustrative simulation runs examine the effects of
      different soil-chemical characteristics on hydrological and chemical
      concentration profiles.

PMID- 4029097
TI  - Effects of polyhalogenated aromatic compounds on porphyrin metabolism.
AB  - Heme production is a vital metabolic process that occurs in the bone marrow and
      liver. Porphyrins are unused by-products of this biosynthetic process and
      normally occur in urine and other body fluids in low concentrations. Various
      disorders can disrupt the heme biosynthetic process, causing greater quantities
      of porphyrins in urine. The porphyrias are a group of diseases characterized by
      excessive porphyrins and other precursors in urine. Porphyrias may be either
      hereditary or acquired through exposure to certain drugs or chemicals. Porphyria
      cutanea tarda (PCT) is the disease associated with exposure to polyhalogenated
      aromatic compounds. The urinary porphyrin pattern is of great value in diagnosing
      PCT and defining the etiology of the disease. As this liver disease from chemical
      damage develops, the urinary pattern progressively changes. With the development
      of a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, urinary
      porphyrin patterns can be easily monitored. All free porphyrin acids can be
      quantitatively analyzed in less than 15 min. In our studies of groups exposed to
      porphyrinogenic chemicals, we have not observed clear differences in the urinary
      porphyrin patterns of cases when compared with carefully selected controls. In
      animal studies, however, PCT was clearly associated with polybrominated biphenyl
      exposure. Future evaluation of the utility of urinary porphyrin patterns as a
      diagnostic tool will require a cohort that has received a recent, well-documented
      exposure and a comparable control population. Assay of erythrocyte
      uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity will also be needed to define the form of
      the PCT.

PMID- 4029098
TI  - Urinary D-glucaric acid excretion in the Seveso area, polluted by tetrachloro
      dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD): five years of experience.
AB  - On July 10, 1976, an explosion in a factory in Seveso, Italy, located 30 km north
      of Milan, producing trichlorophenol caused the release of TCDD-containing
      compounds in the surrounding area. Since extremely small doses of TCDD have been
      shown to induce hepatic microsomal enzymes in animals, urinary D-glucaric acid
      excretion (a measurable index of enzyme induction), has been investigated in
      Seveso in adults and children 6 to 8 years old, in order to clarify whether
      levels of environmental exposure to TCDD were sufficient to produce an induction
      in man. Urine samples were collected from 1976 to 1981. As a control group,
      people living in Cannero (a nonindustrialized village on lake Magiore), in Busto
      Arsizio (a small industrial town near Milan) and in Lentate (a noncontaminated
      zone near Seveso) were chosen. In the first period of collection, children with
      chloracne (which is considered to be a characteristic manifestation of
      intoxication with chlorinated products) showed significantly increased levels of
      D-glucaric acid excretion compared to children without chloracne living in the
      same zone. As far as chronic exposure is concerned, up to 3 years after the
      accident both adults and children living in the Seveso area showed a
      statistically significant enhancement of D-glucaric acid elimination compared to
      the control groups. This study demonstrates that adults and children living in
      the polluted zones had an increased activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes for
      some years, since, although the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid is only an
      indirect measure of enzyme activity, studies in man have indicated that it is,
      however, sensitive and quantitative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029100
TI  - U.S. cancer mortality 1950-1978: a strategy for analyzing spatial and temporal
      patterns.
AB  - There are a number of technical and statistical problems in monitoring the
      temporal and spatial variation of local area death rates in the United States for
      evidence of systematically elevated risks. An analytic strategy is proposed to
      reduce one of the major statistical concerns, i.e., that of identifying areas
      with truly elevated mortality risks from a large number of local area
      comparisons. This analytic strategy involves two stages. The first is a procedure
      for examining the entire distribution of local area death rates instead of simply
      selecting high risk "outliers." The second is the development of an analytic
      procedure to relate the temporal changes in the cross-sectional distribution of
      local area death rates to models of the disease process operating within the
      populations in those areas. The procedures are applied to data on cancer
      mortality for the 3050 counties (or county equivalents) of the United States over
      the period 1950 to 1978. A number of striking mortality patterns, both within the
      entire United States and within various regions and states, are identified. For
      example, perhaps the most persistent finding was that the risk increases in the
      death rates for respiratory cancer mortality were due to a "catching up" of
      nonmetropolitan county mortality rates with metropolitan area mortality rates.

PMID- 4029099
TI  - Assessment of human exposure to polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins.
AB  - Fires, explosions and other accidents in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-filled
      equipment can result in possible exposure of firemen, cleaning personnel and
      regular workers. Inhalation, dermal exposure and ingestion are the possible
      routes of exposure. An indirect assessment of the exposure can be made by
      analyses of wipes, air and water samples and clothes. A direct assessment of
      exposure can be made by analyses of blood samples, adipose and other tissue
      samples, feces and bile.

PMID- 4029101
TI  - Mutagenic efficiency of organophosphorus insecticides used in combined
      treatments.
AB  - Male mice (Q strain) received two consecutive injections of organophosphorus
      insecticides: a phosphonate (trichlorfon) was combined to a thiophosphate
      (methylparathion) or a dithiophosphate (malathion or methylazinphos) in order to
      evaluate the interactions at the genetic and cytogenetic levels. No increase in
      chromosome damage was observed in bone marrow cells, spermatogonia, and primary
      spermatocytes. In a dominant lethal mutation assay, the frequency of
      postimplantation lethality was not significantly increased over the control
      level. The percentage of preimplantation losses was enhanced, probably due to a
      toxic effect on male germ cells.

PMID- 4029102
TI  - Measurement of nicotine in building air as an indicator of tobacco smoke levels.
AB  - Humans apparently differ greatly in their sensitivity and tolerance to tobacco
      smoke, thereby creating conflicts in the workplace. Resolution of conflicts in a
      large office complex at the authors' institution required an objective measure of
      smoke levels. A gas chromatographic technique was devised for collection and
      analysis of nicotine concentrations in the building air as an indicator of
      tobacco smoke pollution. Segregation of smokers and nonsmokers in the large
      office complex still resulted in substantial exposure of the nonsmoker to tobacco
      smoke, although a gradient of exposure was certainly observed. Passive tobacco
      smoke consumption in the smoking area of the office complex was calculated to be
      equivalent to 1.1 cigarettes per 8-hr period, and nicotine density in this area
      was 1.96 microgram/m. The restriction of smoking to a foyer area outside the
      office complex resulted in a slow but eventual reduction in nicotine
      concentrations in the office complex. Observed "background" nicotine
      concentration levels corresponding to 4 to 7% of those encountered in smoking
      areas demonstrate that central air circulation systems and people movement
      increase the nicotine level throughout all rooms of a building, regardless of the
      smoking policies of an individual office complex. Recent documentation of the
      relationship between passive smoking and cancer, heart disease, pulmonary
      dysfunction, and allergic responses argues for restriction of smoking to building
      exteriors.

PMID- 4029104
TI  - Personality factors associated with anticipatory nausea/vomiting in patients
      receiving cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - One hundred cancer chemotherapy patients rated the severity of pre- and
      posttreatment nausea and emesis and completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
      In addition, scores on the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory were obtained for
      59 of those patients. Thirty-three percent of the patients reported having
      experienced anticipatory nausea and 11% reported having experienced anticipatory
      vomiting. Patients who experienced anticipatory nausea had more posttreatment
      nausea and vomiting, were more depressed, and were characteristically more
      anxious than other patients. A personality profile including the future despair,
      social alienation, and inhibited style (from the Millon Behavioral Health
      Inventory) identified patients with anticipatory nausea.

PMID- 4029103
TI  - Interaction of alkylmercuric compounds with sodium selenite. II. Metabolism of
      methylmercuric chloride administered alone and in combination with sodium
      selenite in rats.
AB  - Repeated doses of sodium selenite (Se) were administered to rats receiving
      repeated (IV or PO) doses of 0.25 or 2.5 mg Hg/kg methylmercuric chloride
      (Me2(203)Hg). Se (0.5 mg/kg) was observed to alter the distribution of Me203Hg
      among tissues as well as among subcellular fractions of kidneys and liver. An
      excess of selenium resulted in a twofold decrease in the mercury content of
      kidneys and a similar increase in the mercury content of brain.

PMID- 4029105
TI  - "I can tell when my blood pressure is up, can't I?".
AB  - Forty-four insurance company employees were measured on blood pressure, moods,
      symptoms, and predictions of their blood pressures, twice daily for 10 days.
      Twenty subjects had elevated blood pressure and 24 did not. The measures were
      correlated within-subjects to determine if blood pressure predictions were
      associated with moods, symptoms, or blood pressure readings, and if moods and
      symptoms were related to blood pressure. Predictions of pressure were expected to
      be correlated with symptoms and moods, but not with blood pressure. No strong
      relationship was expected when blood pressure was compared to symptoms or to
      moods. The data showed that self-predictions of blood pressure were most strongly
      associated with reported symptoms, next with reported moods, and least with
      actual blood pressure. A comparison of subjects who were accurate in predicting
      their blood pressure with those who were not showed no differences in blood
      pressure levels, systolic blood pressure variation, self-esteem, or private body
      consciousness. Subjects' beliefs that they could monitor blood pressure were
      little influenced by contrary information. The results suggest it would be an
      error to encourage subjects to believe they can successfully treat blood pressure
      elevations by monitoring symptoms related to blood pressure change.

PMID- 4029106
TI  - Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome
      expectancies.
AB  - This article describes a scale measuring dispositional optimism, defined in terms
      of generalized outcome expectancies. Two preliminary studies assessed the scale's
      psychometric properties and its relationships with several other instruments. The
      scale was then used in a longitudinal study of symptom reporting among a group of
      undergraduates. Specifically, respondents were asked to complete three
      questionnaires 4 weeks before the end of a semester. Included in the
      questionnaire battery was the measure of optimism, a measure of private self
      consciousness, and a 39-item physical symptom checklist. Subjects completed the
      same set of questionnaires again on the last day of class. Consistent with
      predictions, subjects who initially reported being highly optimistic were
      subsequently less likely to report being bothered by symptoms (even after
      correcting for initial symptom-report levels) than were subjects who initially
      reported being less optimistic. This effect tended to be stronger among persons
      high in private self-consciousness than among those lower in private self
      consciousness. Discussion centers on other health related applications of the
      optimism scale, and the relationships between our theoretical orientation and
      several related theories.

PMID- 4029108
TI  - Productivity and health of Japanese workers--past, present and future.

PMID- 4029107
TI  - The relative efficacy of avoidant and nonavoidant coping strategies: a meta
      analysis.
AB  - A casual review of the research literature on coping strategies suggests that
      strategies involving avoidant tactics are effective in reducing pain, stress, and
      anxiety in some cases, whereas nonavoidant strategies (called here attention),
      appear to be more effective in others. This article reports the results of a
      series of meta-analyses to ascertain whether there are systematic patterns in the
      empirical literature that describe when attention strategies are more or less
      effective than avoidant strategies. In particular, we consider the role of
      different kinds of attentional sets and also the role of time--whether some kinds
      of strategies work best in the early phases of the stress experience, and others
      are more efficacious in later phases of the stress experience. Results of an
      overall analysis of studies providing tests of attention versus avoidance
      indicated little evidence for one strategy's superiority. However, supplementary
      analyses, motivated by theoretical reasons, suggest there are boundary conditions
      that define the relative efficacy of a specific strategy. Overall, avoidance was
      associated with more positive adaptation in the short-run. However, attention was
      superior to avoidance if the former involved a focus on sensory schemata rather
      than emotional processing. If attention involved an emotional interpretational
      set or no explicit set, then it was associated with more negative outcomes than
      avoidance. In terms of long-term outcomes, avoidance indicates better outcomes
      initially, but with time, attention was associated with more positive outcomes. A
      final set of analyses found that both attention and avoidance facilitate
      adaptation as compared with no instruction controls. The meta-analyses suggest
      the important role of interpretational set and whether one looks at the immediate
      or at the long-term effects of coping. Limitations of the analyses and directions
      for future research are discussed.

PMID- 4029109
TI  - Hazard analysis in chemical complexes in Japan--especially those caused by human
      errors.

PMID- 4029110
TI  - Measurement of ability of older workers.

PMID- 4029111
TI  - A study of VDU operators' information processing based on saccadic eye movement
      and response time.

PMID- 4029112
TI  - Visual effects of wall colours in living rooms.

PMID- 4029113
TI  - A kinesiologic study of erectores spinae activity during trunk flexion and
      extension.

PMID- 4029114
TI  - Feedback control of the level of arousal using skin potential level as an index.

PMID- 4029115
TI  - Evaluation of upper-limb function by the sensor pegboard test method.

PMID- 4029116
TI  - Differential modulation of the expression of axonal proteins by non-neuronal
      cells of the peripheral and central nervous system.
AB  - Axonal behavior during the formation of the neuronal network of the nervous
      system has been shown to be under environmental control. Hence, as a first step
      in a project aiming to elucidate the molecular basis of axonal functions, we have
      identified axonal proteins whose synthesis is subject to environmentally induced
      changes. Neurons from chicken embryonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were grown in a
      compartmental cell culture system that allows selective examination of axonal
      proteins. Non-neuronal cells of the peripheral or central nervous system were co
      cultured with the DRG axons. The axonal proteins expressed under these different
      environmental conditions were examined by metabolic labeling and two-dimensional
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Computerized quantification revealed that
      12 out of 400 axonal proteins responded to changes in the local axonal
      environment by a change in their relative abundance. Some proteins changed in
      response to both types of co-cultures whereas some changed specifically under the
      influence of either peripheral or central non-neuronal cells.

PMID- 4029117
TI  - A new member of the prolactin-growth hormone gene family expressed in mouse
      placenta.
AB  - Mouse placenta has been found to contain an mRNA that encodes a previously
      unidentified member of the prolactin-growth hormone family. This 1.1-kb mRNA
      (designated PRP mRNA) was detected as a cDNA clone that hydridized to a cDNA
      clone of mouse proliferin, a recently described growth-associated placental
      protein related to prolactin. PRP mRNA levels are highest in the fetal part of
      the placenta and peak at day 12 of gestation, decreasing gradually until term.
      The 972-bp sequence of PRP mRNA, determined from two cDNA clones, encodes a
      protein of 244 amino acid residues that has a hydrophobic leader sequence. The
      protein encoded by PRP mRNA has significant homology to all of the members of the
      prolactin family, yet is different from each of them; it also differs from mouse
      placental lactogen. Nucleotide sequence homology is most extensive between PRP
      and proliferin mRNAs, particularly at their 5' ends, where they share 92 of the
      first 97 nucleotides.

PMID- 4029118
TI  - Sequencing of the chicken non-erythroid spectrin cDNA reveals an internal
      repetitive structure homologous to the human erythrocyte spectrin.
AB  - Immunological screening of a chicken gizzard cDNA expression library was used to
      isolate two clones encoding a part of the non-erythroid spectrin-like protein.
      Clones were identified by immunoblotting of the polypeptides synthesized in
      Escherichia coli cells transformed with cDNA cloned in the pUC8 plasmid vector
      using polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against bovine non-erythroid spectrin.
      The sequence of an approximately 1.5-kb cDNA insert of one clone was determined.
      Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence reveals that, despite differences
      in immunological cross-reactivity and peptide maps, the chicken non-erythroid and
      the human erythrocyte spectrins are highly homologous proteins. Like the human
      erythrocyte spectrin, the chicken smooth muscle spectrin appears also to be
      constructed from repeated, homologous structures of 106 amino acid residues. This
      is probably a universal structure motif of spectrins.

PMID- 4029119
TI  - Gene duplications in the TL region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex.
AB  - We have isolated a class I gene from the TL region of the A/J mouse. The gene,
      T2A, is a homologue of the C57BL/10 mouse gene T2. In the process of mapping this
      gene we screened a number of BALB/c class I cosmid clusters with a T2A flanking
      probe. Several of the hybridizing clusters were found to contain identical DNA
      segments and could therefore be linked together into one single BALB/c TL region
      which appears to be identical to the TL region of the C57BL/10 mouse. However,
      two of the hybridizing clusters do not overlap with the C57BL/10 TL region. It
      appears that these two clusters represent a partial duplication of the TL region
      in the BALB/c mouse.

PMID- 4029120
TI  - Differential methylation of the c-H-ras gene in normal mouse cells and during
      skin tumour progression.
AB  - We have previously shown that the mouse c-H-ras gene acquires transforming
      activity in chemically induced skin tumours. We have now investigated the pattern
      of DNA methylation at HpaII and XhoI sites around the c-H-ras locus in various
      tissues and stages of epidermal tumour progression. The results of this study
      suggest a correlation between the methylation state of the c-H-ras gene and its
      susceptibility to oncogenic conversion by a point-mutation. The locus is
      substantially undermethylated in normal epidermis in comparison with NIH/3T3
      fibroblasts. Intermediate levels of methylation were observed in the other
      tissues investigated. The undermethylation at HpaII sites in epidermal DNA
      persists through the morphologically distinct phases of hyperplasia, benign
      papilloma and malignant carcinoma. Methylation at a specific XhoI site close to
      the c-H-ras gene is significantly reduced with respect to normal epidermis in
      some, but not all epidermal tumours. The methylation state of the c-H-ras locus
      in specific tumours is stably maintained following transfection of these DNAs
      into NIH/3T3 cells and selection of transformed foci. Demethylation of the locus
      is not essential in vitro for the transforming activity of DNA from epidermal
      tumours. The significance of changes in the methylation pattern of the c-H-ras
      gene in different tissues and during tumour progression is discussed.

PMID- 4029121
TI  - Tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate induces poly(ADP)-ribosylation in
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) causes an increase in
      pol(ADP)-ribosylation in mouse and human fibroblasts via the intermediate
      formation of active oxygen. In contrast to poly(ADP)-ribosylation induced by the
      methylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, de novo RNA and protein
      synthesis are required and the accumulation of the polymer occurs in the absence
      of detectable DNA strand breakage. Our results suggest a mechanism for PMA
      induced modulation of chromatin structure and gene expression.

PMID- 4029123
TI  - Sequence-specific trans-activation of the adenovirus EIIa early promoter by the
      viral EIV transcription unit.
AB  - The contribution of adenovirus early genes, other than that of the well
      documented EIa immediate early gene, to the transcriptional regulation of the
      viral EIIa early transcription unit was examined. HeLa cells were transfected
      with EIIa-containing plasmids and co-transfected with distinct plasmids bearing
      one of the viral regions EIa, EIII or EIV. Co-transfection with the EIV
      recombinants, but not the EIII constructs, stimulated specific transcription from
      the major EIIaE start site (EIIaE1) by 5- to 15-fold, as concluded from
      quantitative S1 nuclease analysis of cytoplasmic RNA and in vitro nuclear 'run
      on' transcription assays. The extent of the EIV-induced stimulation was similar
      to that achieved by EIa under identical conditions. However, in contrast to our
      observations for EIa-mediated stimulation, where no unique EIIaE1 promoter
      elements were implicated, maximal induction by EIV requires sequences between
      positions -48 and -19 (with respect to the EIIaE1 start site).

PMID- 4029122
TI  - Transcription of woodchuck hepatitis virus in the chronically infected liver.
AB  - The transcription of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) genome was studied in the
      liver of chronically infected woodchucks by Northern blot, nuclease mapping and
      primer extension analysis. Two major transcripts, 2.1 and 3.7 kb in length, and
      several minor transcripts were found in samples which supported active WHV
      replication. The 2.1-kb RNA represents the major transcript of the S gene,
      encoding the viral surface antigen (WHsAg) as demonstrated by blot-hybridization
      experiments. Two transcription initiation sites were localized downstream of the
      second AUG of the pre-S region, 139 and 152 nucleotides upstream of the
      translation initiation codon of the S gene. The 3.7-kb transcript, present in an
      equal amount, is slightly larger than the WHV genome and could be involved in the
      expression of all viral proteins. The data derived from RNA mapping strongly
      suggest that this transcript is initiated approximately 70 nucleotides upstream
      of the C gene, encoding the viral core antigen (WHcAg), and represents the
      message for WHcAg. It might also serve in the viral replication cycle as a
      potential template for reverse transcription. All WHV-specific transcripts were
      found to be processed at a unique site, 20 nucleotides downstream of the
      polyadenylation signal situated within the core gene. A different set of WHV
      specific mRNAs was observed in a woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma when only
      integrated forms of WHV DNA could be detected. Two RNA species of 2.3 and 4.6 kb
      were characterized. The 3.7-kb RNA was absent, reinforcing the hypothesis that
      this transcript corresponds to the pre-genome.

PMID- 4029124
TI  - Progenitor cells from embryonic chick dorsal root ganglia differentiate in vitro
      to neurons: biochemical and electrophysiological evidence.
AB  - We have analyzed the appearance of neurons and glial cells in chick dorsal root
      ganglia during development. Neurons were identified by the presence of
      polysialogangliosides recognized by tetanus toxin (GD1b, GT1) or by the
      monoclonal antibody Q211 directed against polysialogangliosides containing four,
      five and six sialic acid residues. Glial cells were identified by the presence of
      04 antigen. A population of undifferentiated cells, i.e., cells which express
      neither neuronal nor glial cell surface antigens, present in dorsal root ganglia
      until embryonic day 7, was separated from the neuronal and glial population. This
      cell population contains neuronal progenitor cells which differentiate to neurons
      within 1 day in culture. This differentiation process is characterized by the
      appearance of neuronal morphology, of neuron-specific gangliosides and by the
      appearance of voltage-dependent sodium and calcium channels.

PMID- 4029125
TI  - Extensive DNA sequence homologies between the human Y and the long arm of the X
      chromosome.
AB  - It has been proposed that sequence homology should exist between the short arms
      of the human sex chromosomes, in the regions pairing at meiosis. Out of 40 clones
      picked at random from a collection of non-repetitive DNA sequences derived from
      the human Y chromosome, we have found nine sequences which show very high
      homology with sequences located on the X chromosome. All nine probes originate
      from the euchromatic part of the Y chromosome. All the homologous sequences are
      located within the Xq12-Xq22-24 region. None of them map to the short arm of the
      X chromosome. We conclude that an important part of the euchromatic region of the
      Y chromosome is homologous to the middle of the X chromosome long arm, possibly
      as a result of recent translation event(s).

PMID- 4029126
TI  - Quantitation of the EEG and pharmacodynamic modelling of hypnotic drugs:
      etomidate as an example.
AB  - Six volunteers were subjected to an infusion of etomidate designed to generate
      linearly increasing plasma concentrations with a slope of 0.05 microgram ml-1 min
      1. Cessation of infusion was determined by the occurrence of burst suppression
      patterns on the EEG. Infusion was restarted when the volunteers recovered
      personal and temporal orientation. This cycle was repeated twice. The drug input
      function, the pharmacokinetic parameters of etomidate as derived from a 'least
      squares' fit, and the median EEG frequency were used to establish a
      pharmacological model of etomidate. Two modelling procedures, the pharmacokinetic
      pharmacodynamic, and the input-output modelling procedure, are compared. These
      procedures yield different results with respect to the kinetic data. As one
      possible explanation, a different pharmacokinetic behaviour of etomidate in the
      venous blood and at the site of drug action is discussed.

PMID- 4029127
TI  - Infusion strategies to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of
      hypnotic drugs: etomidate as an example.
AB  - Etomidate was administered to six healthy volunteers by microprocessor controlled
      infusions, to generate three cycles of linearly increasing plasma levels, with an
      anticipated slope of 0.05 microgram ml-1 min-1. The infusions were stopped when a
      deep hypnotic state was obtained, as indicated by burst suppressions in the EEG.
      The infusions were restarted when the volunteers were fully orientated to person,
      place and time. The mean (+/-SD) doses of etomidate delivered by the first,
      second and third infusion were 165 +/- 30, 137 +/- 25 and 157 +/- 26 mg,
      respectively. Certain clinical signs were observed and related to the plasma
      concentrations of etomidate. Pharmacokinetic analysis was undertaken using an
      open two-compartment model. The therapeutic window was in a range of plasma
      concentrations between 0.3 and 1.0 microgram ml-1 of etomidate. Pharmacokinetic
      analysis gave a volume for the central compartment of 50 +/- 11 litre, an
      apparent volume of distribution of 252 +/- 51 litre and a total clearance of 1693
      +/- 504 ml min-1. Microprocessor controlled infusions can serve as a powerful
      tool for research in clinical pharmacology. The achievement of linearly
      increasing plasma levels of etomidate allowed further pharmacokinetic and
      pharmacodynamic modelling concepts to be realized.

PMID- 4029128
TI  - The effect of dopamine on muscle PO2 in healthy volunteers and intensive care
      patients.
AB  - The effect of systemic dopamine administration (2-10 micrograms kg-1 min-1) on
      the Po2 distribution (histograms) and the mean Po2 in the m. vastus lateralis of
      m. quadriceps femoris in nine healthy volunteers and seven critically ill
      patients has been studied with a newly developed bedside measuring procedure.
      Dopamine initially raised mean muscular Po2 in both groups. In the volunteers,
      mean muscular Po2 thereafter decreased gradually but still remained slightly
      elevated after 30 min of dopamine infusion. This increase in muscle oxygenation
      could be abolished by the administration of a dopamine antagonist
      (metoclopramide). In the patients, the initial dopamine-induced increase of Po2
      was significantly slower and reached a plateau within 30 min. The results are
      discussed with special attention given to the data available on the action of
      dopamine on given peripheral circulation.

PMID- 4029129
TI  - Biosynthesis and in vitro translation of type IV procollagens.
AB  - The present paper describes how epithelial cells, cultured from bovine anterior
      lens capsule explants, synthesize and secrete procollagen type IV polypeptide
      chains alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV). Metabolic labeling of these cells with
      [14C]proline for different time intervals and subsequent analysis by
      SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of two polypeptide
      chains with apparent molecular masses of 180 kDa and 170 kDa. The procollagens
      were bacterial-collagenase-sensitive and were specifically immunoprecipitated by
      antibodies raised against the 7S domain of type IV collagen. Type IV procollagen
      poly(A)-rich RNA was isolated from cultured lens capsule cells and translated in
      a reticulocyte lysate cell-free system. Two polypeptides with apparent molecular
      masses of 152 kDa and 145 kDa were identified as procollagen type IV unmodified
      chains by gel electrophoresis, collagenase digestion and specific
      immunoprecipitation. During experiments in which cells were labeled in the
      presence of alpha, alpha'-bipyridyl, type IV procollagen appeared as one major
      band comigrating with a 145 kDa polypeptide on SDS-gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 4029130
TI  - Structures of shorthorn sculpin antifreeze polypeptides.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of the two major antifreeze polypeptides (AFP) from the
      shorthorn sculpin have been determined using an automatic protein sequencer and
      enzymic digestion. These two polypeptides, SS-3 and SS-8, consist of 33 and 45
      amino acid residues respectively. The N-terminal methionyl residue is blocked in
      both the polypeptides. When aligned for maximum structural similarity these two
      AFP are 80% homologous, and there appears a deletion of 12 amino acid residues at
      the N-terminal portion of SS-3. Like the winter flounder AFP, both the sculpin
      AFP also contain the 11-amino-acid repeat sequences. The secondary structure of
      the sculpin AFP is mainly alpha-helical as deduced from circular dichroic
      spectral data. The helical content of SS-8 is high (73%), while that of SS-3 is
      moderate (about 45%). The latter exhibits a relatively weak antifreeze activity.
      Removal of the blocked N-terminal residue in SS-8 did not alter the helical
      content significantly but did reduce the antifreeze activity. Helical contents of
      proteolytically generated fragments of AFP are much lower, and they are devoid of
      activity. The alpha-helix in the SS-8 component is seen to be amphiphilic in
      character. The relevance of this feature to the mechanism of the antifreeze
      action is briefly discussed.

PMID- 4029131
TI  - Solution conformation of the C-terminal domain of skeletal troponin C. Cation,
      trifluoperazine and troponin I binding effects.
AB  - Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to study the cation (Mg2+,
      Ca2+)-dependent conformational states of the C-terminal domain of rabbit skeletal
      troponin C under a variety of solution conditions. Nuclear Overhauser data and
      paramagnetic probe observations provide definition of the configuration of this
      region of troponin C. Comparative study of homologous proteins identify common
      features of the tertiary structure relevant to the cation binding reaction.
      Complex formation with troponin I and the drug trifluoperazine is observed to
      adjust the solution conformation of the C-terminal domain of troponin C. The
      interactive conformational response to cation coordination and the binding of the
      drug and troponin I are discussed.

PMID- 4029132
TI  - Synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol)-bound NADP by selective modification at the 6
      amino group of NADP.
AB  - The N-1 position of the adenine ring of NADP was selectively alkylated by the
      reaction of 2',3'-cyclic NADP with 3-propiolactone to yield 2',3'-cyclic 1-(2
      carboxyethyl)-NADP (I). Derivative I was converted to a mixture of the isomers of
      N6-(2-carboxyethyl)-NADP with their phosphate groups at the 2' or 3' position
      (IIa and IIb) by chemical reduction, alkaline rearrangement and chemical
      reoxidation. Carbodiimide coupling of the mixture of IIa and IIb to alpha, omega
      diaminopoly(ethylene glycol) gave the 2', 3'-cyclic derivative of poly(ethylene
      glycol)-bound NADP (III), which was enzymically hydrolyzed to yield poly(ethylene
      glycol)-bound NADP (PEG-NADP). PEG-NADP has good cofactor activity (16-100% of
      that of NADP) for NADP-specific and NAD(P)-specific dehydrogenases except
      isocitrate and glucose dehydrogenases. For NAD-specific enzymes, PEG-NADP has
      higher cofactor activity than NADP: for horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, the
      cofactor activity of PEG-NADP is 40 times that of NADP and 14% of that of NAD.
      Kinetic studies show that for most of enzymes tested, Km values for PEG-NADP are
      larger than those for NADP and V values for PEG-NADP are similar to those for
      NADP. PEG-NADP proved to be applicable in a continuous enzyme reactor, in which
      reactions of glutamate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were
      coupled by the recycling of PEG-NADP.

PMID- 4029133
TI  - Carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 nuclear-magnetic-resonance investigation on
      Desulfovibrio vulgaris flavodoxin.
AB  - Desulfovibrio vulgaris apoflavodoxin has been reconstituted with 15N and 13C
      enriched riboflavin 5'-phosphate. For the first time all carbon atoms of the
      isoalloxazine ring of the protein-bound prosthetic group have been investigated.
      The reconstituted protein was studied in the oxidized and in the two-electron
      reduced state. The results are interpreted in terms of specific interactions
      between the apoprotein and the prosthetic group, and the chemical structure of
      protein-bound FMN. In the oxidized state weak hydrogen bonds exist between the
      apoprotein and the N(5), N(3) and O(4 alpha) atoms of FMN. The N(1) and O(2
      alpha) atoms of FMN form strong hydrogen bonds. The isoalloxazine ring of FMN is
      strongly polarized and the N(10) atom shows an increased sp2 hybridisation
      compared to that of free FMN in aqueous solution. The N(3)-H group is not
      accessible to bulk solvent, as deduced from the coupling constant of the N(3)-H
      group. In the reduced state the hydrogen bond pattern is similar to that in the
      oxidized state and in addition a strong hydrogen bond is observed between the
      N(5)-H group of FMN and the apoprotein. The reduced prosthetic group possesses a
      coplanar structure and is ionized. The N(3)-H and N(5)-H groups are not
      accessible to solvent water. Two-electron reduction of the protein leads to a
      large electron density increase in the benzene subnucleus of bound FMN compared
      to that in free FMN. The results are discussed in relation to the published
      crystallographic data on the protein.

PMID- 4029134
TI  - Identification and characterization of the principal proteins of the fat-globule
      membrane from guinea-pig milk.
AB  - The milk-fat-globule membrane (MFGM) was isolated from guinea-pig milk and the
      membrane-associated proteins and glycoproteins characterized by electrophoretic
      techniques. Major components of the membrane included PAS-I, a sialoglycoprotein
      of Mr greater than or equal to 200000, the redox enzyme xanthine oxidase and the
      glycoprotein, butyrophilin. Membrane preparations also contained two other
      glycoproteins, GP-80 and GP-55, of Mr 80000 and 55000, respectively. Comparison
      of guinea-pig xanthine oxidase and butyrophilin with proteins from bovine MFGM by
      peptide mapping procedures, showed that the two proteins in both species were
      similar, but not identical. GP-55 may also be related to glycoproteins of Mr
      45000 and 48000 in the bovine membrane. The integral and peripheral components of
      guinea-pig MFGM were identified by treating membrane preparations with sodium
      carbonate solutions at high pH and by partitioning the membrane proteins in
      solutions of Triton X-114. By these criteria xanthine oxidase and GP-55 appeared
      to be peripheral components and GP-80 an integral protein of the membrane. PAS-I
      and butyrophilin displayed hydrophilic properties in Triton X-114 solutions, but
      could not be removed from membrane preparations with sodium carbonate. Possible
      reasons for these ambiguous data are discussed. The observed similarity between
      several of the proteins of guinea-pig and bovine MFGM implies that these proteins
      may have specific functions related to milk secretion in mammary tissue, e.g. in
      the budding of milk-fat globules or the exocytosis of milk protein and lactose at
      the apical surface.

PMID- 4029135
TI  - Scatter analysis of discrete-sized chromatin fragments favours a cylindrical
      organization.
AB  - Fragments of chromatin containing 23 +/- 2.5 nucleosomes have been fractionated
      after light nuclease treatment of chicken erythrocyte nuclei. Low-angle
      scattering measures the total z-average radius of gyration of the already well
      defined particles and the shape of scatter curves can be compared with three
      dimensional analysis as opposed to cross-section analysis of long chromatin
      fragments. The data show that the particles are not spherical, have no detectable
      hole in the center of the structure and are best represented by a solid rod-like
      shape such as that generated by a coil of nucleosomes with the centre perhaps
      filled with linker DNA and histone H1/H5. 23 nucleosome fragments, where the DNA
      is partially fragmented, have near-identical scatter curves to the above-defined
      intact particles, indicating the primary importance of histone proteins in
      maintaining the integrity of the chromatin higher-order structure. Neutron
      scattering shows the radii of gyration to be contrast-independent, which fits in
      with the model calculations for solenoids. Particles with fragmented DNA and the
      intact particles, therefore, behave as sections of a solenoidal higher-order
      structure and possibly are observed as "superbeads' only during the folding and
      unfolding pathways of nucleosome multimers.

PMID- 4029136
TI  - Long-term effects of physiological oxygen concentrations on glycolysis and
      gluconeogenesis in hepatocyte cultures.
AB  - Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were kept for 46 h with either insulin
      ('insulin cells') or glucagon ('glucagon cells') as the dominant hormone under
      different oxygen concentrations with 13% (v/v) O2 mimicking arterial and 4%
      hepatovenous levels. Thereafter metabolic rates were measured for a 2 h period
      under the same ('overall long-term O2 effects') or a different ('short-term O2
      effects') oxygen concentration. From the differences of the two effects the
      'intrinsic long-term O2 effects' were derived. Glycolysis, as measured in
      'insulin-cells', was stimulated by low O2 levels. It was about threefold faster
      in cells cultured and tested under 4% O2 as compared to cells cultured and tested
      under 13% O2, indicating the overall long-term effect. Glycolysis was about
      twofold faster in cells cultured and tested under 4% O2 as compared to cells
      cultured under 4% O2 but tested under 13% O2, demonstrating the short-term
      effect. Glycolysis was about 1.5-fold faster in cells cultured and tested under
      4% O2 as compared to cells cultured under 13% O2 but tested under 4% O2, showing
      the intrinsic long-term effect. This difference was roughly parallel to the
      difference in levels of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase. Gluconeogenesis, as
      measured in 'glucagon cells', was stimulated by high O2 levels. Similar to
      glycolysis overall long-term, short-term and intrinsic long-term effects could be
      distinguished. The intrinsic long-term effects determined under 13% O2
      corresponded to a 1.5-fold stimulation and paralleled the difference in
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase levels. The present results show that
      physiological oxygen concentrations also modulate hepatic carbohydrate metabolism
      by long-term effects and that the O2 gradient over the liver parenchyma thus
      contributes to the metabolic differences between periportal and perivenous
      hepatocytes in vivo.

PMID- 4029137
TI  - The amino acid sequences of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutases from swordfish
      and Photobacter leiognathi confirm the predictions made from the compositions.
AB  - Recent suggestions that the amino acid sequence of the copper/zinc superoxide
      dismutases of swordfish and Photobacter leiognathi do not support the theory that
      the bacterium obtained the gene for the enzyme by transfer from its eucaryotic
      symbiont [Rocha, H. A., Bannister, W. H. and Bannister, J. V. (1984) Eur. J.
      Biochem. 145, 477-484] are examined. The amount of difference between the
      sequence is in good agreement with expectation from the amino acid compositions.
      Moreover, the gene-transfer hypothesis cannot be discarded without postulating an
      enormous increase in the rate at which the superoxide dismutase gene has
      accumulated amino acid substitutions since the divergence of the swordfish and
      cattle lineages.

PMID- 4029138
TI  - Temperature-induced conformational transition in rabbit muscle aldolase studied
      by temperature dependence of sulfhydryl reactivity.
AB  - A temperature-induced non-denaturing conformational transition in rabbit muscle
      aldolase has been as subject of discussion and controversy for some period of
      time. In this study the temperature dependence of the reactivity of aldolase SH
      groups is investigated in order to detect subtle changes in the enzyme
      conformation. For model thiol-containing systems such as cysteine, glutathione
      and bovine serum albumin, linear Arrhenius plots have been obtained for the
      reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). On the other hand, for rabbit
      muscle pyruvate kinase, a protein which undergoes temperature-induced
      conformational transition, the plot obtained is nonlinear with a break at the
      temperature (18 degrees C) close to that reported earlier. In the case of
      aldolase the Arrhenius plots for three slowly reacting SH groups (Cys-72, 289,
      338) and a fast reacting group (Cys-239) are nonlinear with a break at about 26
      27 degrees C. The fluorescence measurements show that a plot of the fluorescence
      intensity of tryptophan residues versus temperature exhibits a break at the same
      temperature. It is shown that the observed conformational change is fully
      reversible. In the presence of the competitive inhibitor hexitol 1,6
      bisphosphate, which is known to protect Cys-72 and Cys-338 from chemical
      modification, the Arrhenius plot exhibits a break for the fast reacting Cys-239
      residue and is linear for the slowly reacting Cys-289. It is found that 0.6 M
      urea increases the transition temperature for all exposed SH groups of aldolase.
      The above results show that at several points in the aldolase molecule, including
      the active-site region, an abrupt change of microenvironments takes place with
      temperature. The competitive inhibitor protects a portion of aldolase molecule
      against the thermal transition.

PMID- 4029139
TI  - Glutamic acid decarboxylase in tubules and glomeruli isolated from rat kidney
      cortex.
AB  - 4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis was examined in purified glomeruli and
      tubules of rat kidney cortex that were incubated in the presence of [2,3
      3H2]glutamate. The GABA that was formed was separated from glutamate using anion
      exchange resin, and identified by means of an automatic amino acid analyser. In
      the renal cortex only the tubules were able to form GABA (35.0 nmol mg-1 h-1);
      the remaining GABA synthesis found in the glomerular preparations can most
      probably be attributed to a contamination by cortical tubules (9%), as shown by
      determination of a known tubular marker enzyme (L-gamma-glutamyltransferase).
      Hydroxylamine (1 mM) and ethanolamine-O-sulfate (10 mM), well-known inhibitors of
      cerebral GABA formation and GABA catabolism respectively, inhibited renal tubular
      GABA formation at 100% and 44% respectively.

PMID- 4029140
TI  - Lipopolysaccharides from Yersinia pestis. Studies on lipid A of
      lipopolysaccharides I and II.
AB  - The chemical structure of the lipid A of lipopolysaccharide I and II from
      Yersinia pestis, strain EV 40, was studied. It consists of a (1 ---- 6), beta
      linked D-glucosamine disaccharide which carries two phosphate groups; one
      phosphate is linked glycosidically with a glucosamine unit, the other one is
      linked to the non-reducing glucosamine. Various degradation methods combined with
      31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the ester-bound phosphate
      group is linked to a 4-aminoarabinosyl residue and the glycosidically linked
      phosphate group is linked to a D-arabinofuranosyl residue in lipopolysaccharide
      II and to the phosphorylethanolamine in lipopolysaccharide I. The hydroxyl groups
      of the disaccharide are acylated by dodecanoic, hexadecenoic, 3
      hydroxytetradecanoic and 3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acids. The amino groups of
      the disaccharide carry 3-hydroxytetradecanoic and 3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic
      acids. In addition smaller amounts of 3-tetradecanoyloxyltetradecanoic and 3
      hexadecanoyloxytetradecanoic acids are present in ester linkage.

PMID- 4029141
TI  - Phosphorylase kinase from chicken gizzard. Partial purification and
      characterization.
AB  - Phosphorylase kinase was partially purified (530-970-fold) from chicken gizzard
      smooth muscle by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation,
      chromatography on 8-(6-aminohexyl)adenosine-5'-phosphate--Sepharose 4B and
      glycerol density gradient ultracentrifugation. The final and most efficient
      purification step takes advantage of the relatively high molecular mass of
      gizzard phosphorylase kinase, which was found to be similar to that of rabbit
      skeletal muscle enzyme. The gizzard kinase, further purified to near homogeneity
      by calmodulin-Sepharose 4 B affinity chromatography, showed one main protein band
      of 61 kDa, upon dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four minor
      protein bands of higher molecular mass were also present but no protein stain was
      seen at the position of the gamma subunit. The gizzard phosphorylase kinase
      showed a high pH 6.8/8.2 activity ratio of 0.53, it was stimulated by Ca2+,
      inhibited up to 80% by EGTA and it was activated about 1.9-fold by calmodulin.
      The km value for ATP was 0.45 mM, while the K0.5 for rabbit muscle phosphorylase
      b was extremely low, more than 200-fold lower than the Km of nonactivated
      skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase for its protein substrate. High
      concentrations of phosphorylase b were found to be inhibitory. At 10 mg/ml
      phosphorylase b, the maximum activity of the kinase was inhibited fivefold. No
      evidence has been obtained indicating autophosphorylation or the existence of
      active and inactive forms of gizzard phosphorylase kinase. Limited proteolysis of
      the smooth muscle kinase with trypsin was accompanied by a twofold activation at
      pH 6.8.

PMID- 4029143
TI  - Effect on lysosomes of invertase endocytosed by rat-liver.
AB  - The intracellular localization of invertase endocytosed by rat liver was
      investigated by analytical centrifugation in sucrose and Percoll gradients of
      mitochondrial fractions originating from rats killed 15 h after injection. After
      isopycnic centrifugation in a sucrose gradient, invertase is located in higher
      density zones than acid hydrolases. The difference between the distribution of
      invertase and that of acid hydrolases increases with the amount of invertase
      injected. When the invertase dose is sufficiently high, a change of lysosomal
      enzyme distribution is clearly visible. It consists in the shift of a proportion
      of these enzymes to higher density regions where invertase is located. The
      proportion of hydrolase activity affected by invertase is different for each
      enzyme measured; it is the least pronounced for acid phosphatase, and most for
      acid deoxyribonuclease and arylsulfatase. A pretreatment of the rat with Triton
      WR 1339 considerably decreases the equilibrium density of structures bearing
      invertase. Nevertheless invertase distribution is quite distinct from that of the
      bulk of lysosomal enzymes that are recovered in lower density zones of the
      gradient; on the other hand the invertase injection to rats treated with Triton
      WR 1339 causes a spreading of the acid hydrolase distribution towards higher
      density zones. The distribution of acid hydrolases and invertase in a Percoll
      gradient depends on the sucrose concentration of the solvent. It is shifted
      towards higher densities when the sucrose concentration increases. The phenomenon
      is more important for invertase. These results are best explained by supposing
      that invertase accumulates in a distinct population of lysosomes that can be
      individualized as a result of the density increase they are subjected to by the
      invertase they accumulate. It is proposed that these lysosomes mainly originate
      from non-parenchymal cells of the liver.

PMID- 4029142
TI  - Inhibition of cell wall synthesis and acylation of the penicillin binding
      proteins during prolonged exposure of growing Streptococcus pneumoniae to
      benzylpenicillin.
AB  - Growing cultures of an autolysis-defective pneumococcal mutant were exposed to
      [3H]benzylpenicillin at various multiples of the minimal inhibitory concentration
      and incubated until the growth of the cultures was halted. During the process of
      growth inhibition, we determined the rates and degree of acylation of the five
      penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and the rates of peptidoglycan incorporation,
      protein synthesis, and turbidity increase. The time required for the onset of the
      inhibitory effects of benzylpenicillin was inversely related to the concentration
      of the antibiotic, and inhibition of peptidoglycan incorporation always preceded
      inhibition of protein synthesis and growth. When cultures first started to show
      the onset of growth inhibition, the same characteristic fraction of each PBP was
      in the acylated form in all cases, irrespective of the antibiotic concentration.
      Apparently, saturation of one or more PBPs with the antibiotic beyond these
      threshold levels is needed to bring about interference with normal peptidoglycan
      production and cellular growth. Although it was not possible to correlate the
      inhibition of cell wall synthesis or cell growth with the degree of acylation
      (percentage saturation) of any single PBP, there was a correlation between the
      amount of peptidoglycan synthesized and the actual amount of PBP 2b that was not
      acylated. In cultures exposed to benzylpenicillin concentrations greater than
      eight times the minimal inhibitory concentration, the rates of peptidoglycan
      incorporation underwent a rapid decline when bacterial growth stopped. However,
      in cultures exposed to lower concentrations of benzylpenicillin (one to six times
      the minimal inhibitory concentration) peptidoglycan synthesis continued at
      constant rate for prolonged periods, after the turbidity had ceased to increase.
      We conclude that inhibition of bacterial growth does not require a complete
      inhibition or even a major decline in the rate of peptidoglycan incorporation.
      Rather, inhibition of growth must be caused by an as yet undefined process that
      stops cell division when the rate of incorporation of peptidoglycan (or synthesis
      of protein) falls below a critical value.

PMID- 4029144
TI  - Existence of ternary complexes of procarboxypeptidase A in the pancreas of some
      ruminant species.
AB  - The existence of procarboxypeptidase A, in the form of a non-covalent ternary
      complex containing the apparently inactive serine protease (subunit III), has so
      far been observed only in the ox pancreas. Evidence, obtained in the present
      study, shows that a ternary complex of procarboxypeptidase A, with a subunit III
      highly homologous with that of the bovine complex, is also present in two other
      ruminant species, sheep and goat. The biological significance of these complex
      forms of procarboxypeptidase A and the consistently high biosynthesis level of
      the apparently inactive subunit III in all three ruminant species is still
      unknown. Yet the synthesis of subunit III is not related to the animal diet since
      in the horse, which is a non-ruminant herbivorous animal, the procarboxypeptidase
      A is monomeric. Reassociation assays between either bovine subunits II or III and
      monomeric as well as binary forms of procarboxypeptidase A from various species
      show that, unlike subunit II, the recognition site for subunit III is highly
      conserved in all the procarboxypeptidases A and that bovine subunit II is
      different from porcine chymotrypsinogen C with regard to association.

PMID- 4029145
TI  - Reactivation kinetics of diethylphosphoryl acetylcholine esterase.
AB  - The kinetics of reactivation of diethylphosphorylated acetylcholine esterase by
      pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride has been studied using the approach of
      following the course of the hydrolysis of acetylcholine during the reactivation
      of the phosphorylated enzyme by the reactivator [Tsou, C.-L. (1965) Acta Biochem.
      Biophys. Sin. 5, 398-417]. Equations are derived based on the scheme of the
      formation of a complex between the phosphorylated enzyme and the reactivator and
      the rate of dissociation of this complex is not necessarily faster than the
      dephosphorylation and regeneration of the active enzyme. The regenerated enzyme
      then reacts with the substrate through an acetyl-enzyme intermediate as generally
      depicted. The equation obtained for product formation during the course of
      reactivation contains two exponential terms and this is in accord with the
      experimentally observed biphasic reaction. By making the assumption that the
      dissociation of the phosphorylated enzyme-reactivator complex is much faster than
      the dephosphorylation reaction, the above equation can be simplified to a form
      containing only one exponential term. By following the course of the reactivation
      reaction with the conventional approach of taking aliquots and assaying for
      enzyme activity recovery, it would appear likely that one would miss the initial
      stage of this biphasic reaction.

PMID- 4029146
TI  - Kinetics of calcium dissociation from calmodulin and its tryptic fragments. A
      stopped-flow fluorescence study using Quin 2 reveals a two-domain structure.
AB  - The kinetics of calcium dissociation from bovine testis calmodulin and its
      tryptic fragments have been studied by fluorescence stopped-flow methods, using
      the calcium indicator Quin 2. Two distinct rate processes, each corresponding to
      the release of two calcium ions are resolved for calmodulin at both low and high
      ionic strength. The effect of 0.1 M KCl is to accelerate the slow process from
      9.1 +/- 1.5 s-1 to 24 +/- 6.0 s-1 and to reduce the rate of the fast process from
      650 s-1 to 240 +/- 50 s-1 at 25 degrees C. In the presence of 0.1 M KCl it was
      possible to determine activation parameters for the fast process: delta H# = 41
      +/- 5 kJ mol-1 and delta S# = -63 +/- 17 J K-1 mol-1. These values are in good
      agreement with those obtained by 43Ca NMR. Studies of the tryptic fragments TR1C
      and TR2C, comprising the N-terminal or C-terminal half of calmodulin, clearly
      identified Ca2+-binding sites I and II as the low-affinity (rapidly dissociating)
      sites and sites III and IV as the high-affinity (slowly dissociating) sites. The
      kinetic properties of the two proteolytic fragments are closely similar to the
      fast and slowly dissociating sites of native calmodulin, supporting the idea that
      calmodulin is constructed from two largely independent domains. The presence of
      the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine markedly decreased the Ca2+
      dissociation rates from calmodulin. One of the two high-affinity trifluoperazine
      binding sites was found to be located on the N-terminal half and the other on the
      C-terminal half of calmodulin. The affinity of the C-terminal site is at least
      one order of magnitude greater.

PMID- 4029147
TI  - 'Superpolyamines'. Macrocyclic polyamines induce highly efficient actin
      polymerization.
AB  - Macrocyclic polyammonium ions induce much more efficient polymerization of actin
      than the natural polyamines, behaving thus as 'superpolyamines'. The processes
      observed display large increases in rate, marked structural dependence,
      macrocyclic and ditopic binding effects and positive cooperativity.

PMID- 4029148
TI  - Activation of liver cytosol phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by Ca2+ through
      intracellular redistribution of Mn2+.
AB  - Calcium has no known direct effect on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from rat
      liver cytosol. However, addition of calcium salts to liver postnuclear
      supernatant led to an increase in assayable enzyme activity in cytosols. This
      indicates that mitochondria and microsomes present in postnuclear supernatant can
      participate in observed enzyme activation. The stimulation of phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase was prevented by the manganese complexion 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2
      naphthol, was not additive with activation by MnCl2 and was inhibited by La3+,
      Sr2+ and ruthenium red. These data indicate that manganese and mitochondrial or
      microsomal calcium carriers participate in the mechanism of indirect calcium
      effect. Measuring of manganese content in cytosols directly, by atomic absorption
      spectrometry, has provided evidence that there is a pool of manganese associated
      with mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of rat liver that can be mobilized to
      the cytosol by calcium ions. The direct addition of this pool of manganese to the
      cytosol caused the stimulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity to
      the same levels as did calcium ions in the postnuclear supernatant. It is
      postulated that calcium can effect enzyme activity indirectly by releasing
      manganese from specific cellular compartments into the cytosol.

PMID- 4029149
TI  - Effects of ATP and adenosine addition on activity of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
      and the concentration of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Addition of ATP (100 microM) to hepatocytes from starved rats incubated with 5 mM
      [1-14C]glutamine caused a stimulation of glucose formation; the magnitude of the
      concomitant increases in 14CO2 production and glutamine consumption indicate that
      flux from glutamine to glucose was increased. ATP also caused a simultaneous
      decrease in the cell content of oxoglutarate; together with the increased flux
      this is consistent with an activation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. In
      corroboration of this, a stimulation by ATP of gluconeogenesis and a decrease in
      oxoglutarate was also observed with 5 mM proline as substrate. ATP caused an
      increase in hepatocyte cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]c, as indicated
      by the increase in the fluorescence of cytoplasmically trapped quin2, from a
      resting value of about 0.2 microM to greater than 1 microM. The mechanism of
      oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activation may be via an increase in mitochondrial
      Ca2+ content as a consequence of the increase in [Ca2+]c. The effects of 100
      microM adenosine were also investigated. An increase in flux from glutamine to
      glucose was observed together with a decrease in the cell oxoglutarate, thus
      indicating that adenosine addition to hepatocytes could also activate
      oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. The activation by adenosine was less than that
      produced by ATP. Adenosine caused a small apparent increase in [Ca2+]c to 0.3-0.4
      microM; it remains to be established if this effect, which is small relative to
      that of ATP, is sufficient to elicit the activation of oxoglutarate
      dehydrogenase: alternative mechanisms may exist.

PMID- 4029150
TI  - Physical studies by NMR and circular dichroism determining three structurally
      different domains in Physarum polycephalum histone H1.
AB  - Combined studies which include, NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism, amino acid
      analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis together show that the protein
      designated as histone H1 from Physarum polycephalum has many of the features of
      histone H1 derived from other sources. The molecular masses of the globular
      peptide and the whole molecule were found to be 9000 +/- 1000 Da and 33000 +/-
      3000 Da respectively. NMR melting experiments showed that the half-melt
      temperature was 53 +/- 1 degree C and the enthalpy of melting was 100 kJ . mol-1.
      Unusual facets of the molecule are the relatively large numbers of histidine
      residues (6 or 7) and the mono, di and trimethylation of some of the lysines, the
      major type of modification being trimethylation of 9 +/- 2 residues. The
      conditions necessary for structuring Physarum H1 are not the same as the histone
      H1 from calf thymus. It is suggested that titration of the histidine residues is
      the most decisive step for the development of tertiary folding of the globular
      unit.

PMID- 4029152
TI  - Structural studies of the polysaccharide part of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide
      from Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343.
AB  - The structure of the polysaccharide part of the lipopolysaccharide from
      Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343 has been determined using sugar and methylation
      analysis as the principal tools. Phenol--water extraction followed by a phenol-
      chloroform--light petroleum extraction yielded a lipopolysaccharide suitable for
      structural analysis. Analysis of sugars using alditol acetates showed that the
      polysaccharide contained L-rhamnose, D-galactose and D-glucose in the approximate
      molar ratios of 1:5:1. After weak acid hydrolysis, two polysaccharide fractions
      were isolated by gel permeation chromatography: PSI and PSII with the sugar molar
      ratios 1:5:1 and 1:2:1 respectively. Chromium trioxide oxidation revealed that
      all galactosyl residues have the beta configuration, and that the rhamnosyl and
      glucosyl residues have the alpha configuration. From methylation analysis of
      lipopolysaccharide and the PS I and PS II fractions the following structures
      could be deduced.

PMID- 4029151
TI  - Primary structure of two major glycans of bovine fibrinogen.
AB  - After pronase digestion of bovine fibrinogen, the asparagine-linked glycans were
      released from the resulting glycopeptides by hydrazinolysis, and subsequently re
      N-acetylated. Two sialylated glycans were isolated by ion-exchange
      chromatography. Their primary structure has been determined by methylation
      analysis and 360-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The structures proposed to be present
      in the native glycoprotein are as follows: (formula: see text).

PMID- 4029153
TI  - Correlation of computed tomography and conventional hypopharyngography findings
      in hypopharyngeal tumours.
AB  - Accuracy and clinical application of computed tomography (CT) and conventional
      hypopharyngography have been evaluated in 32 patients with hypopharyngeal
      carcinoma. Radiologic results were compared with endoscopic findings. Equivalent
      CT and hypopharyngographic findings were found in 17 cases. In 13 cases, more
      data about the tumours were obtained by CT. Submucous infiltration of surrounding
      tissues, destruction of cartilaginous structures and enlarged lymph nodes were
      demonstrated only by CT. More information about functional changes were obtained
      by hypopharyngography. During hypopharyngography, a disorder in the act of
      swallowing was shown in 11 cases. Axial tumour diameter could be defined more
      exactly using hypopharyngography.

PMID- 4029154
TI  - Calcified subdural haematomas associated with arrested hydrocephalus--late
      sequelae of shunt operation in infancy.
AB  - Calcified chronic subdural haematomas (SDH) and features of arrested
      (compensated) hydrocephalus were demonstrated by skull radiography and cranial
      computed tomography (CT) in two children who had no neurological deficit.
      Ventricular surgical drainage had been performed 8 and 11 years prior to
      admission and the haematomas remained subsequently undetected. The following
      presentation will serve to illustrate the characteristic radiological features of
      this entity, the issue of management, and includes a review of the literature.

PMID- 4029155
TI  - Disk-space hypodensity in CT: the first radiological sign of postoperative
      diskitis.
AB  - Five patients with recent postoperative diskitis were examined with plain lumbar
      films and/or multidirectional tomography and CT. Three patients with normal
      recovery after lumbar disk herniation operation served as controls of the CT
      findings. Plain films and tomography showed intervertebral disk space narrowing
      and end plate erosions two and one-half to four weeks after the onset of
      symptoms. CT detected significant hypodensity of the affected disk spaces as
      compared to the controls. This was the first recognizable sign of diskitis in
      three patients and appeared as early as ten days after the onset of symptoms.

PMID- 4029156
TI  - Angio-CT techniques.
AB  - In over 1000 body CT studies different techniques of fast contrast medium
      injection were used: single bolus injection, continuous fast drip infusion and
      multiple sequential bolus injections. Advantages and indications of different
      techniques are evaluated.

PMID- 4029157
TI  - Percutaneous management of iatrogenic arterial venous fistulas by coil spring
      occlusion.
AB  - Six patients with iatrogenic arterial venous fistulas (AVFs) underwent successful
      transcatheter occlusion with coil springs. Three patients had AVFs as
      complications of surgery and in two other patients the AVFs were due to insertion
      of the central venous catheters. One iatrogenic AVF occurred following
      transhepatic obliteration of gastroesophageal varices. Management of iatrogenic
      AVFs by transcatheter occlusion avoids additional surgery and reduces morbidity
      and hospital costs. Coil springs are highly suitable for occluding iatrogenic
      arterial venous fistulas. They need no special preparation, are readily
      available, inexpensive, and easy to use.

PMID- 4029158
TI  - CT evaluation of chest wall recurrences of breast cancer.
AB  - CT findings regarding chest wall recurrences in 19 breast cancers previously
      treated with radical mastectomy are reported. CT provides detailed information on
      the endothoracic extension of the tumoral spread.

PMID- 4029159
TI  - Computed tomographic follow-up in a case of Addison's disease.
AB  - Addison's disease of the adrenal glands presents with different pathological
      findings depending on the stage. In the acute phase the adrenal glands are
      bilaterally enlarged while in the chronic phase the glands are small and
      calcified. A case of Addison's disease with follow-up over a period of a year by
      CT is reported. CT showed the evolution of the adrenal glands from bilateral
      masses to small calcified glands. The differential diagnostic problems in the
      acute phase are also discussed.

PMID- 4029160
TI  - Fibular lipoma with areas of bone infarct calcification.
AB  - An anatomico-radiological study of a painful intraosseous lipoma of the fibula is
      reported. A blown up cortex and a rearrangement of surrounding cancellous bone
      trabeculae were observed. The lipoma contained two small bone infarcts. A
      radiological differential diagnosis with calcified chondroma as well as the
      pathogenesis of the condition are discussed.

PMID- 4029161
TI  - Analysis of an image quality assurance program.
AB  - Reject film analysis before and after the introduction of a quality assurance
      program showed a 45% decrease in rejected films. The main changes in equipment
      and routines were: Increased control of film processors and X-ray generators. New
      film cassettes and screens. Decreased number of film sizes. Information to and
      supervision of radiographing personnel. Savings in costs and increased income
      from an increased amount of out-patients corresponded to about 4.5% of the total
      cost of operating and maintaining the department.

PMID- 4029162
TI  - The effects of fluid-mechanical factors on MR imaging in the arterial model.
AB  - Blood flow is a significant factor in MR imaging. The purpose of this
      investigation was to study fluid-mechanical effects on MR imaging. MR images
      generated by the pulsatile flow of bovine blood in an elastic model of the aorta
      with both renal arteries were studied. The high-frequency pulse sequence was
      synchronized to an ECG trigger signal. It was demonstrated that different flow
      velocities, laminar and turbulent flow, and backward flow can be visualized with
      MR imaging.

PMID- 4029163
TI  - Energy response of LiF (TLD-100) and CaSO4:Dy TL dosimeters to different
      diagnostic spectra.
AB  - Energy response of LiF (TLD-100) and CaSO4:Dy TL dosimeters to different
      diagnostic X-ray spectra has been studied. Through energy response the X-ray
      spectrum influences the dose to be measured with a thermoluminescence dosimeter.
      The energy responses of both dosimeters were calculated with typical diagnostic
      high voltages 60-140 kVp and with 1-50 mmAl total filtrations for 2-pulse and
      constant potential generators. Theoretical X-ray spectra were used. Pulse form
      and small differences in high voltage and in total filtration do not cause any
      significant error in measured dose due to energy response. The ratio of the
      energy responses of CaSO4: Dy and LiF does not produce a sufficiently strongly
      sloping curve as a function of high voltage for the determination of the half
      value layer with typical diagnostic exposure values.

PMID- 4029164
TI  - Kinetics of monensin-induced swelling of Golgi apparatus cisternae of H-2
      hepatoma cells.
AB  - In H-2 hepatoma cells grown in culture, a pattern of response to the sodium
      selective ionophore, monensin, was observed in which cisternal swelling commenced
      at one pole of the Golgi apparatus and was accompanied by the accumulation of
      swollen vacuoles in the cytoplasm in the absence of a decrease in the number of
      cisternae per stack. The results suggest that the swollen vacuoles are formed
      from Golgi apparatus cisternae that are replaced by formation of new cisternae.
      Depending on monensin concentration, between 2 and 4 such vacuoles accumulated
      per Golgi apparatus stack within 12.5 min after monensin addition. The rate of
      vacuole formation was greatest at 10(-6) M monensin and least at 10(-8) M
      monensin over the range 10(-5) to 10(-8) M monensin. The general pattern of early
      response to the ionophore is that formation of normal secretory vesicles is
      blocked, after which the Golgi apparatus continues to function for a time to
      release membrane as swollen cisternal units that accumulate in the cytoplasm at
      or near the trans Golgi apparatus face. These phenomena all precede the general
      swelling response normally observed in glutaraldehyde-fixed animal material and
      illustrate that the early dynamic responses to monensin are not confined to plant
      cells.

PMID- 4029165
TI  - Isolation of mouse megakaryocytes. I. Separation of two fractions enriched in
      different maturational stages.
AB  - Megakaryocytes (MK) were isolated from mouse bone marrow by centrifugation on
      discontinuous gradients of isotonic albumin or Percoll and characterized by
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining. The apparent density distributions of MK
      varied greatly depending upon the nature of the gradient medium and the
      composition of the cell suspension buffer while the density range of the other
      bone marrow cells remained largely unchanged. The present findings also indicate
      that the unusual morphological and functional characteristics of MK may underlie
      the observed shift in their density profile. Thrombocytopoietic stimulatory
      factor (TSF) was administered to mice 18 h before killing to elevate the normally
      low numbers of earlier MK in the bone marrow and to improve the yield of immature
      MK during the subsequent isolation procedure. Cells belonging to earlier stages
      in maturation were separated from the more mature ones on discontinuous Percoll
      density gradients, providing a basis for further investigation of MK development.

PMID- 4029166
TI  - Isolation of mouse megakaryocytes. II. Functional and metabolic aspects of two
      different maturational stages.
AB  - Functional and metabolic parameters were compared in immature and mature
      megakaryocytes (MK) isolated from bone marrow of the mouse by Percoll density
      gradient centrifugation. Comparison of metabolic parameters revealed that the
      ability to take up serotonin was equal in both megakaryocytic fractions. The
      uptake of radioactively labeled adenine was increased in immature MK as compared
      with mature MK. Total adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was enhanced during
      the differentiation from MK to platelets: immature MK: 5, mature MK: 29,
      platelets: 63 nmol ATP/mg protein. Since MK, like platelets, released ATP upon
      stimulation, thrombin-induced release was used as functional parameter to
      differentiate between secretable and non-secretable ATP compartments. Upon
      thrombin stimulation both MK fractions released about 25% of their total ATP as
      compared with about 40% secreted by platelets. Although the actual size of the
      non-secretable ATP pool was different in mature MK and platelets, they
      demonstrated similar percentages of retained ATP (20-25%) in contrast to a much
      higher retention (62%) by immature MK. The present findings suggest that the bulk
      of ATP is acquired by immature MK as they gain maturity, although some ATP is
      still obtained during even later stages of differentiation. This growing ATP pool
      could be attributed mainly to the enlargement of the secretable compartment
      during the transition of immature MK to mature MK.

PMID- 4029167
TI  - Relation of retinomotor responses and contractile proteins in vertebrate retinas.
AB  - Photoreceptors of many nonmammalian vertebrate species display pronounced light
      dependent movements which are absent in mammalian species. In order to further
      analyze the molecular basis of receptor movements and of simultaneous migration
      of melanin granules in pigment epithelial processes, we investigated the
      distribution of actin, myosin and the actin-binding muscular proteins alpha
      actinin and vinculin in the retina of various vertebrate species. The species
      investigated can be divided in two groups (i) those possessing retinomotor
      capacity (fish, frog, turtle, chick) and (ii) those in which retinomotor
      activities are negligible or absent (gecko, mouse, rat). Prominent bundles of
      actin filaments extending throughout the long axis of photoreceptor inner
      segments were only found in species possessing retinomotor capacity, while
      comparable actin filament bundles were absent or poorly developed in
      photoreceptors of species lacking significant retinomotor capacity. In all
      species examined, a well developed circumferential band of actin filaments was
      associated with the zonula adhaerens-like junctions between photoreceptors and
      Muller (glial) cells forming the external limiting membrane. This area was also
      identified as the exclusive site of myosin, alpha-actinin and vinculin (only in
      the chick, alpha-actinin-like immunoreactivity was also found along the
      photoreceptor actin filament bundles). Thus, the external limiting membrane may
      be important for both structural support and for providing a possible site of
      filament sliding for photoreceptor movements. In pigment epithelium actin,
      myosin, alpha-actinin and vinculin were concentrated circumferentially in the
      area of the terminal bar which has been previously shown to be contractile. In
      all species apical pigment-epithelial processes displayed actin-like fluorescence
      of varying intensities. Another site of actin-like staining were photoreceptor
      synaptic complexes which represent a well known site for synaptic plasticity.
      Immunoblotting studies on the avascular chick retina revealed polypeptide bands
      at Mr approximately 130 000, approximately 100 000, and 42 000 which were
      specific for vinculin, alpha-actinin and actin, respectively. A faint polypeptide
      band comigrating with thymus myosin heavy chain indicates myosin to be only a
      minor component of the retina (chick and fish).

PMID- 4029168
TI  - Fibroblasts from patients with Fanconi's anemia are not deficient in excision of
      thymine dimer.
AB  - Fibroblasts from a patient with Fanconi's anemia were reported to show a
      defective excision of pyrimidine dimer [15]. We developed a sensitive radioimmuno
      assay which is specific for thymine dimer, the main ultraviolet photoproduct, and
      reinvestigated the thymine dimer excision in fibroblasts from patients with
      Fanconi's anemia. The analysis of 7 Fanconi's anemia cell lines did not agree
      with the claim mentioned above that was derived from only one Fanconi's anemia
      cell line. All cell lines we studied, including the cell line used previously
      [15], excised thymine dimer from their DNA with excision rates similar to those
      of normal fibroblasts. Additionally, in two Fanconi's anemia and in two normal
      fibroblast cell lines the repair capacity was examined.

PMID- 4029169
TI  - Modulation of the digestive lysosomal system in Paramecium caudatum. II.
      Physiological effects of cytochalasin B, colchicine and trifluoperazine.
AB  - The heterophagic pathway of the digestive lysosomal system in Paramecium caudatum
      includes at least four steps: digestive vacuole (DV) formation, acidification
      condensation, lysosomal fusion-digestion, and defecation. The second and the
      third require about 20 min, during which DVs are not egested. Because these steps
      occur at predictable intervals, the mechanism for each can be explored by
      exposing labeled DVs to different drugs prior to each step. In this study the
      effects of cytochalasin B (CB), colchicine and the calmodulin antagonist,
      trifluoperazine (TFP), were studied. All three drugs inhibited DV formation in a
      dose-dependent manner when cells were pulsed with latex beads and a drug
      simultaneously. TFP was cytotoxic above 5 microM. Vacuole formation was
      completely shut down when cells were pre-exposed to 5 microM TFP for 13 min. At
      this level, the duration of the acidification step was lengthened, and the rate
      of defecation decreased with increasing exposure. These results suggest that
      these inhibitory effects may be more related to TFP's cytotoxicity than to its
      action on calmodulin-mediated process. Colchicine at 1 mM had no effect on the
      third or fourth step, but inhibited the acidification step so that DVs were
      egested later and at a slower rate. Exerting a differential effect on all four
      steps, CB inhibited DV release from the cytopharynx, egestion of defecation
      competent DVs at the cytoproct and lengthened the duration but did not block the
      lysosomal fusion-digestion step of the acidic DVs; it was most potent in blocking
      acidification, which prevented both lysosomal fusion with the labeled DVs as well
      as DV egestion, the latter for more than 50 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029170
TI  - Modulation of the digestive lysosomal system in Paramecium caudatum. III.
      Morphological effects of cytochalasin B.
AB  - Morphological explanations for the effects of cytochalasin B (CB) on the
      digestive vacuole system of Paramecium caudatum were sought using electron
      microscopic studies. Cytochalasin B (0.3 mM) essentially stopped vacuole release
      without stopping vacuole growth. Acidosome fusion with the new vacuoles was
      inhibited and was accompanied by the formation of discoidal vesicle-lined clumps
      of microfilament-like material next to these vacuoles. Vacuole membrane retrieval
      at the open cytoproct was inhibited and was accompanied by the loss of the
      microfilament network typical of this region. At 0.15 mM CB vacuole release and
      fusion of the acidosomes and lysosomes with the vacuoles were not stopped, but
      membrane retrieval at the cytoproct was affected. Cytochalasin B at the higher
      concentration also affected the movement of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      labeled vesicles away from the nascent vacuole. Membrane retrieval by the
      formation of tubules of 35 to 50 nm diameter from membrane of early and late
      vacuole stages was also affected by CB. It is conceivable that all of these
      effects were the result of the disruption of membrane associated actin networks.
      By contrast, several highly organized microfilamentous systems in the cortex and
      oral region of these cells appeared to be unaffected by CB or dimethyl sulfoxide
      (DMSO) at the concentrations used. These results show that CB-susceptible
      structures assume a key role in the normal functioning of the digestive vacuole
      system and in vacuole membrane retrieval and reutilization in Paramecium.

PMID- 4029171
TI  - Distribution of intramembranous particles and filipin-sterol complexes in the
      cell membranes of Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii possesses a plasma membrane covering the whole cell and, below
      it, two closely apposed unit membranes interrupted at the anterior and posterior
      tips of the parasite and at the micropore. Density differences of intramembranous
      particles (IMP) were observed among the various membranes. The polyene antibiotic
      filipin was used for the detection of sterols in freeze-fractured membranes of
      the parasite. Protuberances with a mean diameter of 38 nm, indicative of the
      formation of filipin-sterol complexes, were seen in the P and E faces of the
      plasma membrane. The density of filipin-sterol complexes on the P and E faces of
      the plasma membrane was 130 +/- 45 and 101 +/- 50 protuberances/micron2,
      respectively. Few or no protuberances were seen on both fracture faces of the
      intermediate and inner membranes. The results obtained are discussed and compared
      with those obtained in other parasites enclosed with a complex membrane system.

PMID- 4029172
TI  - Species differences in the handling of lysosomotropic metals and Triton WR 1339
      by rat and Chinese hamster liver.
AB  - The study was undertaken in order to understand the reasons for the distinct
      differences in the elimination rate of lanthanides and transuranium elements from
      the liver of different mammalian species. The binding of monomeric 239Pu in
      livers of rats and Chinese hamsters was analyzed by density gradient
      centrifugation and electrophoresis. It was concluded that this nuclide is
      initially bound to lysosomes in liver of rats and Chinese hamsters. The influence
      of Triton WR 1339 (TWR) on the density of lysosomal marker enzymes from rat and
      Chinese hamster liver at day 4 was very similar for both animal species but the
      TWR induced shift persisted in Chinese hamsters up to day 60 whereas in rat liver
      the lysosomal density increased again with time. Electron microscopic inspection
      confirmed the similarity of the initial reaction of hepatocyte lysosomes.
      However, after 60 to 70 days typical TWR induced "tritosomes" were absent from
      rat hepatocytes but could be found regularly in hepatocytes from Chinese
      hamsters. The elimination rate of 3H-activity from liver injection of 3H-TWR was
      lower in Chinese hamsters than in rats. It was concluded that the differences in
      elimination rate of lanthanides and transuranium elements from liver of various
      mammalian species and the differences observed after TWR injection might reflect
      differences in the composition or function of the lysosomal system in the livers
      of different mammalian species. With respect to the transport of certain heavy
      metals the rat liver is not a reliable model for human liver.

PMID- 4029174
TI  - Procedure for isolating micronuclei from rat kangaroo cultured cells containing
      individualized chromosomes.
AB  - Micronuclei are small interphase nuclei containing part of the genome; the DNA
      content of the smallest micronuclei is equivalent to one chromosome. For analysis
      by biochemical method and by cytofluorometry of interphase micronuclei containing
      a single chromosome, several isolation and purification procedures were tested
      and checked by fluorescent microscopy using the DNA dye Hoechst 33 342 and
      electron microscopy. Micronucleation of rat kangaroo epithelial cells was induced
      by colchicine treatment for three days. Micronuclei were isolated in a low ionic
      strength buffer containing collagenase, with concomitant mechanical shocks.
      Eighty % of the micronuclei were released after 3 to 7 min, with minimum nuclear
      breakage. Subsequent filtration through several polycarbonate filters 12, 8 and 5
      micron in diameter enabled purification of the smallest micronuclei without
      aggregates or debris. Micronuclear morphology was well preserved, as shown by
      electron microscope observations. Therefore, we established the optimal
      conditions allowing gentle mass isolation of individual micronuclei of cultured
      PtK1 cells, compatible with flow cytometry analysis.

PMID- 4029173
TI  - The effect of dexamethasone on albumin production by fetal rat hepatocytes in
      culture.
AB  - Hepatocytes derived from 15 and 19-day gestation rats synthesize and secrete
      albumin during culture. Albumin secretion is maintained when the culture medium
      is supplemented with dexamethasone but declines in its absence. The fall in
      secretion rate correlates with the level of albumin messenger RNA in the
      respective cultures. Even when dexamethasone is present, the level of albumin
      production in 19-day gestation hepatocytes is 6 to 7 times greater than that
      observed in hepatocytes derived from 15-day gestation rats. Immunocytochemical
      studies were undertaken to establish whether the difference in secretion rate was
      due to a difference in the amount of albumin produced by all the hepatocytes of
      the respective cultures or whether there were fewer hepatocytes which were
      capable of synthesizing albumin in the less mature liver. The results indicate
      that albumin production is reduced in all hepatocytes when cultured in the
      absence of dexamethasone.

PMID- 4029175
TI  - Plasma membrane changes in hepatocytes from normal and regenerating rat liver.

PMID- 4029176
TI  - Visualization of the interaction of native and modified low density lipoproteins
      with isolated rat liver cells.
AB  - Morphological characteristics of the interaction of low density lipoproteins
      (LDL) and acetylated low density lipoproteins (AcLDL) with rat liver cells are
      described. These liver cell types are mainly responsible for the catabolism of
      these lipoproteins in vivo. Isolated rat liver Kupffer, endothelial, and
      parenchymal cells were incubated with LDL or AcLDL conjugated to 20 nm colloidal
      gold. LDL was mainly internalized by Kupffer cells, whereas AcLDL was
      predominantly found in endothelial cells. Kupffer and endothelial cells displayed
      different morphological characteristics in the processing of these lipoproteins.
      Kupffer cells bound LDL at uncoated regions of the plasma membrane often at the
      base of pseudopodia, and internalized the particles via small smooth vesicles.
      These uptake characteristics differ from the classical LDL uptake pathway, as
      described for other cell types, and may be related to the unique recognition
      properties of the receptor of Kupffer cells as observed in biochemical studies.
      Liver endothelial cells bound AcLDL in coated pits, followed by rapid uptake.
      Uptake proceeded through small coated vesicles, and after 5 min of incubation
      large (600-1200 nm) electron-lucent vacuoles (endosomes) with AcLDL-gold
      particles arranged along the membrane region were present. The endosomes were
      often associated closely with the cell membrane which might enable direct
      recycling of AcLDL receptors. These observations might explain the high
      efficiency of these cells in the processing of modified LDL in vivo.

PMID- 4029177
TI  - A new method of preparing gold probes for multiple-labeling cytochemistry.
AB  - A new method is described for preparing colloidal gold particles in any size
      between approximately 3 and 17 nm for electron microscopy. The gold particles are
      homogeneous in size (homodisperse). When bound to various proteins (e.g. IgG and
      protein A), the complexes were stable for long periods and suitable for affinity
      cytochemistry. We demonstrated the usefulness of the new gold probes bound to
      protein A for multiple labeling in a current immunocytochemical study on receptor
      mediated transport of IgA in human duodenal crypt cells. Other gold-protein
      complexes were useful for studying macromolecular arrangements at high
      resolution.

PMID- 4029178
TI  - Localization of the fibronexus at the surface of granulation tissue
      myofibroblasts using double-label immunogold electron microscopy on ultrathin
      frozen sections.
AB  - An intimate transmembrane complex of fibronectin-containing extracellular fibers
      and actin microfilaments termed the fibronexus has been observed at the adhesive
      surface of fibroblasts in vitro [19] and along the plasmalemma of myofibroblasts
      in vivo [22]. Although the observation of coincident actin and fibronectin
      immunofluorescence patterns in the latter work strongly suggested that the
      fibronexus is localized at the myofibroblast surface, we only obtained
      morphological evidence for its existence with electron microscopy. Therefore, in
      the present study, we have utilized a double-label immunoelectron microscopic
      technique to localize fibronectin and actin simultaneously in the putative
      fibronexuses of myofibroblasts within guinea pig granulation tissue, formed 7 to
      9 days after skin wounding. This method employed rabbit antifibronectin and mouse
      anti-actin antibodies, followed by species-specific secondary antibodies
      conjugated to colloidal gold particles of different sizes. These probes were
      applied to the surfaces of ultrathin frozen sections mounted on grids. We found
      that fibronectin and actin were specifically localized on the respective external
      and internal components of myofibroblast fibronexuses. Our results suggest that
      specific transmembranous fibronectin-cytoskeletal complexes play an important
      role in the cohesion of granulation tissue.

PMID- 4029179
TI  - Diagnostic value of computerized exercise testing in men without previous
      myocardial infarction. A multivariate, compartmental and probabilistic approach.
AB  - The value of exercise testing for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is
      disputed but very few studies have taken advantage of all recent improvements,
      namely computer averaging of the ECG signals, multivariate analysis of the data,
      a compartmental diagnostic approach and probabilistic interpretation of the
      results. These methods were tested in a group of 387 men who had a computer
      assisted multistage maximal exercise test; none had a history of myocardial
      infarction. In 284 symptomatic patients, the diagnosis was made by arteriography;
      103 ostensibly healthy men were also included. The computer-averaged ECG signals
      (X, Y, Z) recorded at maximal exercise, maximal heart rate, blood pressure and
      workload, and the onset of angina pectoris during exercise were submitted to a
      multivariate stepwise discriminant analysis. The pretest likelihood for CAD was
      calculated from age and history; the post-test likelihood was calculated from
      Bayes' theorem and the average information content of several diagnostic methods
      was assessed in categorical and compartmental models. By multivariate analysis, 5
      variables collected at maximal exercise were selected, namely the heart-rate, the
      ST60 segment level, the onset of angina during the test, the workload and the
      slope of the ST segment in lead X. The average information content of the
      analysis using 5 variables was 44% in a categorical model versus 55% in a
      compartmental model (P less than 0.001). For comparison, the information content
      of the analysis using the ST60 segment level alone was only 16% in the
      categorical model and 27% in the compartmental model. The clinical value of these
      diagnostic methods (categorical versus compartmental, univariate versus
      multivariate) was assessed by a probabilistic classification of the patients. The
      classification provided by the analysis of the ST60 segment changes was barely
      better than that one provided by the simple history. The probabilistic use of a
      multivariate and compartmental analysis of the data led to a significantly better
      and more accurate classification of the patients (83% of correct classification).

PMID- 4029180
TI  - Effects of cold stimulation on coronary haemodynamics during exercise in patients
      with coronary artery disease.
AB  - To assess if cold-induced vasoconstriction may persist during exercise and
      contribute to the development of myocardial ischaemia, we studied 11 patients
      with exertional angina and angiographically proven coronary artery disease, in
      all cases involving the proximal portion of the left anterior descending artery.
      Great cardiac vein flow (GCVF) was measured by the thermodilution technique and
      the coronary resistance of the abnormally perfused anterior region (ARCR) was
      calculated as the quotient of mean arterial pressure and GCVF. All patients
      performed a supine bicycle exercise test (ET1) until angina occurred. After
      recovery, they underwent a cold pressor test (CPT) and then performed a second
      exercise test (ET2) while cold stimulation was continued. During ET1, ARCR
      decreased (from 1.53 +/- 0.43 to 1.04 +/- 0.35 mmHg ml-1 min-1, P less than
      0.001) as a result of the metabolic vasodilation, while it rose, although non
      significantly, during CPT despite the increase in double product (P less than
      0.001), reflecting the augmented myocardial oxygen consumption. However, such
      abnormal response to CPT did not persist during ET2, because ARCR decreased to a
      value non significantly different from that achieved at peak ET1. In five
      patients, who showed a reduced exercise tolerance during ET2, ARCR dropped by 22%
      during ET2 compared with 34% decrease during ET1. However, such a difference was
      unlikely to account for the reduction in exercise tolerance, because the double
      product at peak ET2 was never lower than the corresponding value at peak ET1. Our
      data show that the inappropriate vasoconstriction induced by CPT in an abnormally
      perfused myocardial region does not persist during exercise, when metabolic
      vasodilation occurs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029181
TI  - ECG findings and survival in very old people.
AB  - The electrocardiograms of 559 persons, 82% of the total population 85 years of
      age or over in the city of Tampere in 1977-1978, were evaluated according to the
      classification of the modified Minnesota code. The relative five-year survival
      rates matched by sex and age were calculated for subjects with various ECG
      findings. Of the series, 391 persons (70%) died during the five-year follow-up
      period. The lowest mortality rate was observed in those with no codable change or
      with minor abnormality in the ECG. Electrocardiographic abnormalities suggestive
      of ischaemic heart disease were associated with significantly increased
      mortality. In respect of single ECG changes the greatest mortality rate was found
      in subjects with atrial fibrillation or first-degree atrioventricular block
      revealed in the ECG. No increased risk of death was associated with left and
      right bundle branch block, supraventricular premature beats and ventricular
      premature beats.

PMID- 4029182
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects, antiarrhythmic activity and pharmacokinetics of
      cibenzoline studied with programmed stimulation of the heart in patients with
      supraventricular reentrant tachycardias.
AB  - Cibenzoline, an imidazoline derivative is a new antiarrhythmic agent. Its
      electrophysiological effects and antiarrhythmic properties were studied with
      programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in 12 patients with recurrent
      episodes of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia; atrionodal (5 cases), circus
      movement tachycardia involving an accessory pathway (6 cases), intraatrial
      reentry (one case). Cibenzoline was infused intravenously at a dose of 1 mg kg-1
      to 1.75 mg kg-1 during sustained episodes of tachycardia and over 9 to 15 min.
      Cibenzoline shortened the sinus cycle length, moderately increased the transnodal
      conduction time and markedly lengthened the HV interval. The refractory periods
      of the atrioventricular (A-V) node, the atrium and the ventricle did not change.
      The effects of cibenzoline on accessory pathways used in the anterograde
      direction were measurable in 4 cases. Complete blockade of the bypass was seen in
      every case. In the retrograde direction the refractory period of the bypass could
      be evaluated; in 5 patients it lengthened systematically. Infused intravenously
      during epidoses of tachycardia, the drug terminated the rhythm disorder in 9 out
      of 12 cases. Tachycardia could still be initiated in 8 patients after i.v.
      cibenzoline (2 out of 5 A-V nodal tachycardias, 6 out of 6 circus movement
      tachycardias). The distribution of the drug followed a bicompartment
      pharmacokinetic model. The plasma levels at the end of infusion ranged from 1.34
      to 3.19 microgram ml-1. Cibenzoline, primarily has class I antiarrhythmic
      properties and its well-understood pharmacokinetics should be of help in
      tailoring the treatment to the individual needs of the patient.

PMID- 4029183
TI  - Pre-operative sinus node function in adult patients with atrial septal defect
      (ostium secundum type).
AB  - The authors studied, pre-operatively, the sinus node function in adult patients
      with secundum atrial septal defect and large left-right shunts, using Holter ECG
      and electrophysiological tests. Sinus node electrophysiological tests were found
      abnormal in 17 out of 26 patients; on the contrary, Holter monitoring was always
      within normal limits. The authors believe that concealed sinus node dysfunction
      existing before surgical correction may be a cause of early, acute, and
      reversible, post-operative sick sinus syndrome.

PMID- 4029184
TI  - Clinical significance of nonclinical ventricular tachycardia induced in
      amiodarone-treated patients.
AB  - The clinical significance of sustained nonclinical ventricular tachycardia (VT)
      induced during electrophysiologic studies was studied in 10 amiodarone-treated
      patients. Nine patients had previous myocardial infarction while 1 patient had
      right ventricular dysplasia. All patients had only a single morphologic type of
      VT recorded during the multiple spontaneous episodes of tachycardia. After serial
      pharmacological electrophysiologic testing, the patients were placed on
      antiarrhythmic regimens which included amiodarone in all cases. These drugs did
      not prevent the induction of nonclinical VT in any of the 10 patients and of
      sustained clinical VT in 7 patients. Nonclinical VT was sustained, requiring
      cardioversion (7 patients) or rapid ventricular pacing (3 patients) for
      termination. After a mean follow-up period of 27 +/- 10 months (range 12 to 36
      months), 4 patients did not exhibit recurrent VT, 3 patients with inducible
      clinical VT experienced a recurrent episode of clinical VT after 16, 27 and 49
      months, respectively, 2 patients had nonarrhythmia related deaths after 11 and 12
      months, and 1 patient died suddenly after 17 months. These results suggest that
      laboratory induction of sustained nonclinical VT in amiodarone-treated patients
      does not imply the likelihood of their future spontaneous occurrence and,
      therefore, their prevention may not be required.

PMID- 4029185
TI  - Recurrent myocardial infarction. 1. Natural history of fatal and non-fatal
      events.
AB  - 1306 men below 68 years of age who survived a first myocardial infarction (MI)
      during 1968-1977 were followed up between 2 and 12 years after discharge from
      hospital. The mean follow-up time was 6.5 years. The patients were unselected and
      paid regular visits to a Post-MI Clinic where treatment was standardized. The
      diagnosis of a non-fatal reinfarction was based on conventional clinical
      criteria, and the diagnosis of a fatal reinfarction on autopsy findings of a
      recent myocardial injury and/or a fresh coronary thrombus. The autopsy rate was
      high and the follow-up of endpoints was complete. The total cumulative rate of
      endpoint free patients was 64% at 5 years and 50% at 10 years follow-up. The
      total mortality rate was 19% at 5 years and 33% at 10 years follow-up. The total
      cumulative rate of a first reinfarction was 28% at 5 years and 37% at 10 years
      follow-up (80% non-fatal and 20% fatal). 63 patients suffered more than one
      reinfarction. The mortality rate was strongly associated with age. In contrast
      the rate of non-fatal reinfarctions was independent of age.

PMID- 4029186
TI  - Recurrent myocardial infarction. 2. Possibilities of prediction.
AB  - 1306 men less than 68 years of age who survived a first myocardial infarction
      (MI) during 1968-1977 were followed up between 2 and 12 years. The mean follow-up
      time was 6.5 years. The patients were unselected and paid regular visits to a
      Post-MI Clinic where treatment was standardized. The autopsy rate was high and
      the follow-up of endpoints was complete. The diagnosis of a non-fatal
      reinfarction was based on conventional clinical criteria, and the diagnosis of a
      fatal reinfarction on autopsy findings of a recent myocardial injury and/or a
      fresh coronary thrombus. The patients were randomly assigned to two halves. One
      was used only for derivation of the predictive models, and the other only for
      validation. Common clinical variables judged to be prognostically important were
      selected. Among variables available at discharge from hospital a history of
      hypertension, angina pectoris or diabetes before the MI and the maximal serum
      ASAT during the MI were independently related to reinfarctions during the follow
      up. A predictive index was formed and validated. The rate of reinfarction among
      risk quartiles in the validation sample increased from 24 to 38% (P = 0.003). The
      aetiologic fraction (the percent of reinfarctions predicted by the index) was
      24%. Among variables from the follow-up only cessation of smoking after the MI
      had independent predictive power. A new predictive index including this variable
      was formed and validated. The reinfarction rate in the risk quartiles increased
      from 15 to 39% (P less than 0.001). The aetiologic fraction was 44%. When only
      reinfarctions occurring before the median follow-up time of 21 months were
      considered, the aetiologic fraction was 62%.

PMID- 4029187
TI  - Intraindividual comparison of intravenous ajmaline and quinidine in patients with
      sustained ventricular tachycardia: effects on normal myocardium and on arrhythmia
      characteristics.
AB  - Intraindividual comparison of the acute response to intravenous quinidine and to
      intravenous ajmaline was performed in 23 patients with sustained ventricular
      tachycardia (VT) who underwent serial electrophysiological studies. In each
      patient, sustained VT could be reproducibly initiated by programmed ventricular
      stimulation during control studies. Inducibility of sustained VT was prevented
      after quinidine in 6 of the 23 patients (26%) and after ajmaline in 8 of the same
      23 cases (35%). Agreement between the effects of both drugs was not significant:
      2 patients had a similar response to both quinidine and ajmaline and 11 patients
      did not have a response to either of the two drugs, resulting in a total of only
      13 patients (57%) who had a similar response to both drugs. In the 11 non
      responders with inducible sustained VT before and after both drugs, quinidine and
      ajmaline caused qualitatively and quantitatively similar alterations of VT
      characteristics including a significant prolongation of the interval between the
      initiation extrastimulus and the first beat of VT by 38 and 42% (P less than
      0.01), an increase in VT cycle length by 15 and 22% (P less than 0.01) and a
      prolongation of the QRS duration during VT by 15 and 18% (P less than 0.01),
      respectively. In all 23 patients, quinidine and ajmaline caused a quantitatively
      similar prolongation of ventricular refractoriness by 11 and 9% (P less than
      0.05), of the QRS duration at sinus rhythm by 10 and 15% (P less than 0.01) and
      of the QTc interval by 13 and 10% (P less than 0.05), respectively. Thus,
      ajmaline and quinidine appear to have similar electrophysiological effects on
      both normal myocardium and on indirect parameters of reentry; in individual
      patients with sustained VT, however, such electrophysiological similarities do
      not result in significant agreement of preventive responses.

PMID- 4029189
TI  - Esophageal ECG recording--a valuable diagnostic tool in dual chamber pacing.
AB  - The interpretation of the ECG of a dual chamber pacemaker necessitates the
      identification of atrial activity. This is a prerequisite for the evaluation of
      pacemaker function and for the correct adjustment of programmable pulse
      generators. The assessment of atrial capture in standard 12-lead ECGs is,
      however, sometimes rather difficult. Esophageal ECG recording by means of a
      reusable unipolar electrode, inserted transnasally, and connected to a standard
      ECG recorder, is a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for the reliable
      identification of P-waves. Clinical examples are presented to illustrate the
      value of this technique in determining atrial capture and as a tool for the
      differential diagnosis of pacemaker-involved tachycardias. The use of esophageal
      ECG recording in the clinical follow-up of patients with dual chamber pacemakers
      is recommended.

PMID- 4029188
TI  - Morphological findings in apparently idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. An
      echocardiographic haemodynamic and histologic study.
AB  - In order to investigate the anatomic substrate of 'idiopathic' ventricular
      tachycardia (VT) 10 patients with chronic recurrent VT and no apparent sign of
      heart disease underwent an echocardiographic, haemodynamic and histologic study
      (5 males, 5 females: mean age = 40 +/- 11 years). In the patients with a left
      bundle branch block morphology of VT (7 cases), four showed findings compatible
      with an arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia or a right ventricular
      cardiomyopathy. In the other three all examinations were normal with the
      exception of endomyocardial biopsy, which showed slight non specific changes in
      two. Of the remaining 3 cases (characterized by a right bundle branch block
      morphology of VT or by the presence of polymorphic VT) one had histologic
      evidence of myocarditis while another developed dilated cardiomyopathy.
      Macroscopic and/or microscopic ventricular abnormalities are frequently found in
      patients with VT which appears idiopathic. In these cases myocardial disease is
      frequently progressive, despite optimal control of VT.

PMID- 4029190
TI  - Afterload reduction by nifedipine--the acute haemodynamic response to exercise in
      hypertensive subjects.
AB  - In 16 people with essential hypertension, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP)
      and relative cardiac volumes were measured at rest and during submaximal upright
      exercise before and after 10 mg of sublingual nifedipine using radionuclide
      ventriculography. In 10 patients who had had no previous therapy (BP 152/103 +/-
      5/3 mmHg) nifedipine produced a fall in BP of 6/12 +/- 3/3 mmHg (SEM) and a rise
      in HR of 15 +/- 5 bpm (P less than 0.001). This was associated with a rise in
      LVEF of 0.07 +/- 0.02 (P less than 0.005) and in cardiac output of 44 +/- 9%,
      presumably as a result of ventricular offloading. The cardiac response to
      exercise given the different starting values, was unchanged by nifedipine. Thus
      the HR was 101 +/- 6 bpm at rest after nifedipine and on exercise rose to 124 +/-
      6 bpm (P less than 0.001): stroke volume was +22 +/- 8% at rest after nifedipine
      and rose to +43 +/- 12% on exercise. Thus cardiac output which had increased by
      44 +/- 9% after nifedipine increased by 100 +/- 10% from the initial value. In 6
      patients pre-treated with atenolol (100 mg) and with similar resting BP (158/101
      +/- 5/4 mmHg) there was a fall in BP of 32/15 +/- 3/2 mmHg after nifedipine which
      was greater than in the previously untreated group (P less than 0.01). In this
      group HR increased by 8 +/- 3 bpm (P less than 0.05). Following nifedipine the
      exercise response was similar given the different starting values.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029191
TI  - Cross-sectional echocardiographic findings in a patient with pyogenic pericardial
      effusion and cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 4029192
TI  - Role of verapamil in junctional rhythm.

PMID- 4029193
TI  - Fourth joint meeting of the working groups of the European Society of Cardiology.
      19-21 September, 1985, Brighton, U.K. Abstracts.

PMID- 4029194
TI  - Placental hormones as possible markers in gynaecological cancer.
AB  - Two placental hormones (human chorionic gonadotropin and human chorionic
      somatotropin) were assayed in serum of patients bearing a wide variety of
      malignant tumours. The incidences of these hormones were found to be higher among
      female patients. Further studies revealed that the incidence was high in patients
      with malignant tumours of the gonads, breast, uterus and cervix. It was shown
      that these hormones are the products of tumour cells and that they are released
      in circulation. Studies on cervix cancer suggest that they may be useful aids in
      following the course of therapy.

PMID- 4029195
TI  - Undenuded invasive cervical carcinomas erroneously treated by cauterization.
AB  - Two cases of occult invasive carcinoma of the cervix have been reported with
      emphasis on diagnostic failure and subsequent inappropriate treatments. A prompt
      replacement with malignant cells simulating dysplasia or carcinoma in situ was
      observed at the sites of cauterization preoperatively. However, histology of
      postoperative specimen showed apparent invasiveness in both cases and lymphatic
      metastases in one of them. These findings have led us to a concept that the
      present cases may represent a variety of occult carcinomas, which is in between
      the common and verrucous types of squamous cell carcinomas.

PMID- 4029196
TI  - Hormonal receptors in vulvar tissues.
AB  - Since 1982 we have been associating the study of hormonal receptors with the
      histological examination of the vulvar lesions in an attempt to interpret the
      action mechanism of steroids on the vulva, to find possible correlations between
      histological pictures and receptorial order and to find a possible predictive
      "marker" toward therapeutic and prognostic ends. In our Laboratory assays for
      androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors were performed with the Dextran
      Charcoal technique in 41 patients with vulvar dystrophy; 20 of whom had atrophic
      dystrophy and 21 with hypertrophic dystrophy. Another 24 patients with vulvar
      carcinoma were studied; 23 with epidermoid carcinoma of various differentiation
      grades and only one case of Paget's Disease. None of the three receptors assayed
      could be considered a predictive or prognostic marker in the approach to
      neoplastic forms. The levels of the progesterone receptor appears increased in
      the case of dystrophies. This justifies the hypothesis of a hormonal involvement
      in the pathogenesis of the lesion, as has already been documented by the
      beneficial effects of therapy with topical steroids.

PMID- 4029197
TI  - Diagnostic value of the different methods for evaluation of bone metastasis in
      breast carcinoma.
AB  - A group of 263 patients portraying breast Ca staged through the clinic, is
      studied and evaluated by different methods of diagnosis as regards bone
      metastasis. A clinical investigation of bone pain, specific laboratory
      determinations for Ca-P-alkaline phosphatase; bone X ray, bone scintigraphy with
      gamma camera are carried on. In some pre-selected cases bone biopsy performed. A
      15.9% of the patients with breast Ca showed bone metastasis. Scintigraphy was
      positive in a 100% of these cases, pain in 62%, X ray in 41%. The final results
      of laboratory were discarded since they were not considered reliable. Highly
      specific positive zones for bone metastasis and benign bone pathology were
      detected when sectioning the spine in the classical zones. A methodological
      sequence is proposed.

PMID- 4029198
TI  - Clinical significance of plasma lipid-bound sialic acid (LBSA) and
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in gynaecologic cancer patients.
AB  - A comparison between plasma lipid-bound sialic acid (LBSA) and carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) in gynaecologic cancer patients has been performed. The LBSA level
      appears more specific then the CEA, especially for ovarian cancer. This finding
      has promoted a longitudinal study to show if LBSA test may prove a reliable
      marker of disease in ovarian cancer patients.

PMID- 4029199
TI  - Our experience in the second look laparotomy for ovarian cancer.
AB  - Our experience in second-look laparotomy for ovarian carcinoma is reported: in
      seven patients the second-look was negative; in two patients a neoplastic
      dissemination was found; in three patients we performed a debulking surgery.

PMID- 4029200
TI  - Radio-chemotherapeutic management of bone diffusion from breast carcinoma.
AB  - A combined modality therapy (irradiation plus low-dose Adriamycin and
      Cyclophosphamide) was delivered to 41 patient affected by extensive bone
      diffusion from breast carcinoma. A 36% (15/41) objective response rate was
      obtained, no change was also detectable in 36%, while progressive disease in 28%
      (11/41). A subjective response was achieved in 37/41 patients, i.e. 90%. The
      Authors remark the difficulties in evaluating the objective response of
      metastatic bone to therapy and confirm the keystone role of radiation therapy in
      the palliative treatment of breast cancer skeletal diffusion.

PMID- 4029202
TI  - Colpocytology in children: 3 cases of botryoid sarcoma.
AB  - We have examined some aspects of the colpocytological preparations of 3 children
      affected by leucorrhea accompanied by bleed up, from which was diagnosed botryoid
      sarcoma. The characteristic element met in the preparations was the altered
      epithelial maturation in prepuberal children; the presence of groups of
      intermediate and superficial cells, with nuclei sometimes diskaryotic, of
      anucleate scales and of discharging phenomena. In one case it was possible to
      observe even neoplastic and slightly differentiated cells. The Authors underline
      the usefulness of carrying out a colpocytological examination in the initial
      diagnostic stage with children affected by leucorrhea, above all if this is
      accompanied by bleeding.

PMID- 4029201
TI  - "In vitro" effect of progesterone on alpha-L-fucosidase activity of human
      endometrium.
AB  - Alpha-L-fucosidase activity was found to be increased in organ cultured normal
      endometrium and in endometrial adenocarcinoma compared with non cultured tissue.
      The enzyme activity was lowered with addition of progesterone to the medium. Non
      cultured adenocarcinoma showed a higher activity compared with non cultured
      normal endometrium.

PMID- 4029203
TI  - Struma ovarii presenting with ascites: a difficult diagnostic problem.

PMID- 4029204
TI  - Residual cervical stump cancer (true cancer) and residual cancer of the cervical
      stump (coincident cancer). Casuistics and therapeutic results in the period 1955
      1979.
AB  - 176 cases of cervical stump cancer have been reviewed. "Coincident cancer" and
      "True cancer" distinction has been made. Histological features, therapeutic plane
      and survival have been reported.

PMID- 4029205
TI  - Stromal and peripheral eosinophilia in cervical carcinoma.
AB  - One hundred cases of Stage IB cervical carcinoma treated with radical
      hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy at University Hospital of Jacksonville,
      Florida between 1973 and 1982. Eight patients were found to have tumor stromal
      eosinophilia on pathology review. Thirteen patients showed eosinophilia in their
      peripheral smears. Statistical analysis did not reveal a significant recurrence
      rate in patients with either peripheral or stromal eosinophilia.

PMID- 4029206
TI  - Steroids receptors in physiological and pathological features of the cervix.
AB  - The presence of ER and PgR in human cervical tissues was investigated. The
      material consisted of receptor measurements in tissue sample obtained from normal
      and abnormal colposcopical pictures (leukoplakia, mosaic, punctation, atypical
      transformation), in 38 outpatients. The receptor assays were performed by a
      dextran-coated-charcoal (DCC) technique.

PMID- 4029207
TI  - Fourier analysis on ungated time-activity curves.
AB  - The frequency content of the ungated radionuclide time-activity curves for left
      and right ventricles was analyzed using a power spectrum estimation technique.
      This technique was applied to ten patients. It was observed that 75% of the
      contraction power of any ventricle was contained in the fundamental and at least
      98% contained in the fundamental plus the first harmonic. Patients presenting
      bigeminy and trigeminy had a completely different spectrum distribution which
      calls for a different interpretation. Low frequency spectrum lines have been
      observed at breathing frequency. Up to 62% of the total power may be contained in
      those spectrum lines.

PMID- 4029208
TI  - Do iodinated fatty acids undergo a nonspecific deiodination in the myocardium?
AB  - The intracellular and subcellular distribution of 16-(123I)-iodo-9-hexadecenoic
      acid were studied in isolated rat hearts, perfused with or without glucose. At
      various time intervals after injection, cardiac lipids were extracted and the
      activity was determined for all fractions and all lipid classes. The total
      cardiac activity was maximal within 1 min postinjection and most of the activity
      was in the aqueous phase. The presence of glucose in the perfusion medium induced
      an increase of total cardiac and organic fraction activities. In the latter
      fraction, activity was very low for FFA, but high for triglycerides (TG), and
      especially polar lipids. The presence of an exogenous substrate, led to a more
      active esterification of fatty acids. Coronary effluent analysis showed, in the
      hydrophilic phase, a lower activity spike in the presence than in the absence of
      glucose. In the mitochondrial fraction most activity occurred in the organic
      phase, especially as polar lipids. In the nonmitochondrial fraction, activity was
      much higher in the aqueous phase. At 90 s postinjection of 1-14C-palmitic acid,
      over 80% of the myocardial activity was found in the hydrophilic fraction, which
      indicates, as for the iodo-fatty acid (IFA), an immediate and important
      oxidation, especially without glucose. These data seem to prove that IFA is taken
      up by the myocardial cell, subsequently enters the mitochondria and, without an
      early deiodination, is oxidized with iodide release. Changes in IFA metabolism,
      consecutive to modifications of glucose concentration in the perfusion medium can
      be observed by external detection of the myocardial activity curve. Omega
      Iodinated fatty acids do not undergo a nonspecific deiodination and are therefore
      well suited for an external study of myocardial metabolism.

PMID- 4029209
TI  - Factor analysis of 81mKr lung ventilation studies.
AB  - Factor analysis of dynamic structures (FADS) summarizes data depending on time
      and space in a few elementary components. Each of them associates a time-activity
      curve (factor) and the spatial distribution of the corresponding events. The aim
      was to evaluate the patterns, the number of components, and their possible link
      to physiology when FADS was applied to scintigraphic images representing a
      composite of a 81mKr ventilation cycle. In a study of 26 patients (10 normal, 16
      pathologic), components were found that represent: (1) a rapid and steeply
      changing ventilation factor, corresponding mainly to bases in normal subjects and
      whole lung fields in patients, (2) a slower expiration and shorter inspiration
      ventilation factor distributed throughout both lung fields in all patients, (3) a
      constant activity curve, with an inspiratory activity peak distributed over both
      lung fields and the large airways, and (4) a factor including a phase shift with
      respect to the first; this was found significantly more often in patients with
      pathology.

PMID- 4029210
TI  - Potential of SeHCAT retention as an indicator of terminal ileal involvement in
      inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - The absorption of 75Se-23-selena-25-homotaurocholate (SeHCAT) was compared with
      vitamin-B12 absorption and conventional radiography in 44 patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease. The retention of SeHCAT was normal in 11 patients
      with ulcerative colitis but was abnormally low in 9 patients with terminal-ileal
      resection, 9 out of 14 patients with small-bowel Crohn's disease and in 2 out of
      10 patients with Crohn's colitis. The 5 patients with small-bowel Crohn's disease
      and normal retention had either inactive disease or no radiological evidence of
      terminal ileal involvement. Measurements of the absorption of vitamin B12 did not
      discriminate between these groups, and there was very poor correlation between
      B12 and SeHCAT absorption (r = 0.506, P less than 0.05). There was extremely good
      correlation of SeHCAT retention measured using a wholebody counter with that
      measured using an uncollimated gamma camera (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001). The
      results suggest that SeHCAT retention may prove complementary to conventional
      methods of assessing small-bowel disease in patients with inflammatory bowel
      disease. As measurement by gamma camera is feasible, this test can be used in
      most departments of nuclear medicine.

PMID- 4029211
TI  - Combined radionuclide and radiocontrast arthrography for evaluating hip
      arthroplasty.
AB  - Twenty-two patients had combined radiographic and radiocolloid arthrography. The
      two procedures were in agreement in 86% of the patients as to whether the femoral
      component was loose or not. Fourteen patients has surgical revision of the
      prosthesis and in 3 (23%) radiographic arthrography was falsely negative. No
      false negative results were obtained with radiocolloid arthrography thus far. The
      radionuclide method cannot be used to assess the acetabular component.

PMID- 4029212
TI  - 99mTc-HIDA dynamic scintigraphy for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux of
      bile.
AB  - In 5 patients with partial gastric resection and esophagitis, in whom esophageal
      pH metry was unable to demonstrate significant gastroesophageal reflux (GER), we
      administered i.v. 5 mCi (185 MBq) of 99mTc-HIDA, the patient lying under a
      computer-assisted LFOV gamma camera. When gallbladder image was evident,
      caerulein was administered i.v. at a physiologic dose in order to induce
      gallbladder contraction, and in the subsequent 45 min the patient was asked to
      perform a standard series of manoeuvres that increase the intraabdominal pressure
      (Valsalva, etc.) and favour GER. Scintigraphic images and time/activity curves
      obtained from areas of interest corresponding to gastric remnant and distal
      esophagus showed that at least one of these manoeuvres in each case was followed
      by the appearance of the radiocompound in the distal esophagus, indicating a
      99mTc-HIDA-tagged bile GER. Consequently, we believe that HIDA-GER dynamic
      scintigraphy may be more useful than esophageal pH metry in demonstrating the
      biliary origin of an esophagitis.

PMID- 4029213
TI  - Quality control of commercial 99mTc-human albumin kits.
AB  - The quality of a number of commercial human albumin kits used at Danish hospitals
      for preparation of 99mTc-labelled human serum albumin has been investigated by
      column chromatography and HPLC. In general, the radiochemical purity was found to
      be low (75% or less). In some cases with a poor radiochemical purity, the main
      radiochemical impurity, 99mTc-labelled tin colloid, amounted to 29% or more. A
      large molar tin to albumin ratio seems to lead to a low radiochemical purity and
      it is suggested that products with a high content of stannous chloride may be
      more correctly termed 99mTc-albumin/tin-colloid kits.

PMID- 4029214
TI  - Splenic defect on 99mTc-sulfur colloid scintigraphy but not on CT in a patient
      with pancreatic carcinoma.
AB  - A 99mTc-sulfur colloid (99mTc-SC) scintigraphic study of a patient with
      pancreatic carcinoma invading the splenic hilum demonstrated a discrete focal
      defect of the spleen, while computed tomography (CT) showed a normal spleen. The
      patient underwent splenectomy and no pathology was found in the spleen. The tumor
      invasion into the splenic hilum may have caused the defect shown in the 99mTC-SC
      study, reflecting splenic reticuloendothelial (RE) cell dysfunction, while CT
      might well represent anatomic structures only. This discrepant finding between
      functional (99mTc-SC) and anatomic (CT) imaging modalities may be explained by
      the fact that the impairment of the phagocytic function of the spleen apparently
      was not severe enough to cause structural changes detected by CT or gross and
      microscope examination.

PMID- 4029215
TI  - Lung scintigraphy.

PMID- 4029216
TI  - First-pass metabolism of nomifensine in dogs.
AB  - Nomifensine (1 and 5 mg/kg) was administered to dogs orally and intravenously.
      The pharmacokinetics of the drug was evaluated. Nomifensine was rapidly absorbed
      from the gastro-intestinal tract reaching maximum concentration at 0.5-1 h. The
      peak levels were directly proportional to the doses administered. The elimination
      half-life was 6 h and only very small amounts were found in blood at 24 h after
      administration. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was 120-149 1,
      suggesting an extensive distribution of the drug throughout body fluids and
      tissues. The area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) obtained after
      oral administration was significantly smaller than that after intravenous
      administration indicating incomplete bioavailability of the drug in oral form.
      The conjugation of nomifensine after the two different administration routes was
      also studied: the conjugation reaction was in equilibrium at 15 min after oral
      administration, while after intravenous administration, equilibrium was not
      reached until 1-1.5 h. The metabolism of nomifensine occurred in the
      gastrointestinal membranes and or in the liver during the absorption process; the
      first-pass effect was marked.

PMID- 4029217
TI  - Bioavailability of hetacillin in rats after liver enzyme induction by various
      inducers with or without protein binding properties.
AB  - The serum levels and the half life of ampicillin derived from Hetacillin after
      administration of the latter to a total of 61 rats classified in 7 groups were
      determined. Each of these groups was pre-treated for 15 days with the following
      inducers; phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, diazepam, chlorpromazine and
      phenylbutazone. The control group received saline. The d-glucaric acid
      concentration in the urine prior to and after the administration of inducers and
      the liver weight were taken as enzyme induction indices. Results showed a
      positive correlation between the indices of induction and the levels of
      ampicillin originating from hetacillin with a significant correlation coefficient
      between the serum levels of ampicillin and urine d-glucaric acid for all drugs
      studied. The different effect of the various drugs indicated that they could be
      classified into the following two groups: a) those that induced a significant
      increase of the levels and half life (t1/2) of ampicillin. The effect was
      significant in decreasing order for phenylbutazone (r = 0,990), diazepam (r =
      0,990) and diphenylhydantoin (r = 0,753). b) those which initially resulted in a
      significant increase of the levels of ampicillin and thereafter in a decrease
      with a significant shortening of its t1/2 too. The effect was most significant
      for phenobarbital (r = 0,887) and less so for chlorpromazine (r = 0,800). Only
      for these two drugs was a significant and actually negative correlation observed
      between d-glucaric acid and t1/2 that is: phenobarbital (r = -0,967)
      chlorpromazine (r = -0,752). Results suggest an interaction of Hetacillin and the
      above inducers.

PMID- 4029218
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of viqualine, a new antidepressant.
AB  - A high performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed for plasma and
      urine levels measurement of viqualine. The assay was used to study the
      disposition of 25 mg intravenous and oral single doses in five healthy subjects.
      Two exponential terms were required to describe the disposition of the drug after
      intravenous and oral administration. The bioavailability of oral viqualine
      averaged 80%. The mean apparent half-life was 12.1 +/- 1.9 and 11.9 +/- 1.4 h
      (mean +/- s.e.m., n = 5) after 25 mg I.V. and oral dose respectively. The
      apparent volume of distribution (Vdss) were 1578 +/- 132 1 (after I.V.
      administration) and 1572 +/- 201 1 (after oral administration). The body and
      renal clearances were respectively 1.56 +/- 0.31 1.h-1. kg-1 and 1.57 +/- 0.31
      1.h-1. kg-1, after 25 mg bolus I.V.

PMID- 4029219
TI  - Kinetics of ketamine and its metabolites in rabbits with normal and impaired
      renal function.
AB  - The plasma levels of ketamine, an anaesthetic, and its metabolites were studied
      in 10 rabbits with normal renal function and in 9 rabbits with varying degrees of
      experimentally induced renal impairment. All the animals received a single bolus
      type i.v. dose of 10 mg/kg of the drug. The results obtained reveal an apparent
      inhibition of the biotransformation of ketamine in rabbits with renal impairment
      in which the drug is accumulated. The plasma half-life of ketamine ranged from
      0.74 h in rabbits with normal renal function to 2.6 h in the animals with severe
      renal impairment. The plasma levels of norketamine (metabolite I) did not alter
      significantly in states of renal impairment. However, the kinetics of the other
      metabolite (II), dehydronorketamine, did change significantly in renal
      impairment, due to its high renal excretion capacity.

PMID- 4029220
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of pirazolac--a new anti-inflammatory drug--in human volunteers.
      I. Absorption, disposition, biotransformation and excretion.
AB  - The absorption, disposition, biotransformation and excretion of the nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory drug pirazolac were investigated in 6 volunteers (3 males, 3
      females, age 50 greater than years) after intravenous and oral administration of
      50 mg 14C-pirazolac as an aqueous solution of the sodium salt. Pirazolac was very
      rapidly and completely absorbed and bioavailable when orally administered in a
      dose of 50 mg in solution. Maximum pirazolac levels in plasma of 6 micrograms/ml
      (30% of dose in total plasma volume) were already reached after approx. 20
      minutes. No metabolites were detectable in the plasma. Pirazolac was eliminated
      from the plasma in two phases with half-lives of 3 hours and 16 hours,
      respectively, regardless of administration route. After intravenous and oral
      administration approximately 80% of the dose was excreted with the urine and
      approximately 15% with the feces within 7 days, indicating a complete excretion
      of 14C-radioactivity. In urine, approximately 10% of the dose was identified as
      unchanged pirazolac and 70% as pirazolac ester glucuronide.

PMID- 4029221
TI  - Metabolic fate of Qinghaosu in rats; a new TLC densitometric method for its
      determination in biological material.
AB  - Since the sixties, the emergence of malarial parasites resistant to the most
      potent anti-malarials has posed a serious problem to the therapy of malaria.
      Qinghaosu, a new sesquiterpene isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb Qing-hao
      (Artemisia annua Linn) is being used for the treatment of malaria in China with
      good results even in cases resistant to common anti-malarial agents. In this
      paper, a sensitive method of high specificity using TLC for the determination of
      Qinghaosu in biological specimens and in the study of the metabolism of the drug
      in rats is described. Qinghaosu was shown to be completely and rapidly absorbed
      after oral administration. However, a very low plasma level was obtained even
      after a dose of 300 mg/kg. Liver was found to be the chief site of its
      inactivation. When Qinghaisu was given intramuscularly, significant and more
      persistent plasma levels were detected. Qinghaosu was shown to pass the blood
      brain and blood-placenta barriers after i.v. injection. Very little unchanged
      Qinghaosu was found in the urine and feces in 48 hours regardless of
      administration route (i.v., i.m. or p.o.).

PMID- 4029222
TI  - [Validity of the Eppendorf Mood-Drive Scale].
AB  - The paper examines the validity of the Eppendorfer Mood and Drive Scale (ESTA
      III). ESTA III is a self-rating instrument for evaluating the effect of therapy
      and for studying the course of affective psychoses. Empirical research on the
      validity of the scale has been carried out solely by the author of the test.
      Subsequent to a critical review of hitherto existing research on the validity of
      the instrument, our own validity studies are discussed. Our studies cast doubt on
      the concurrent validity of the instrument (comparison with the adjective check
      list/EWL-K). Analysis of our own data and Reanalysis of the data published by the
      author of ESTA III do not support the construct validity of the instrument.

PMID- 4029223
TI  - The influence of age on optokinetic nystagmus.
AB  - The influence of age on optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was studied in 63 healthy
      subjects, who were divided into three groups according to their age, group I (20
      39 years), II (40-59 years) and III (60-82 years). It was found that on average
      maximal OKN velocity decreases considerably with age, from 114 degrees/s in group
      I to 93 degrees/s in group II and 73 degrees/s in group III. Two mechanisms
      participate in the generation of OKN, the so-called 'fast' component and
      'velocity storage' component. The 'fast' component leads to immediate changes in
      slow phase nystagmus velocity and is related to smooth pursuit eye movements. The
      'velocity storage' component causes more gradual velocity changes and expresses
      itself during optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN). To study the relative
      contribution of these two components, maximal smooth pursuit and OKAN velocity
      were determined in addition to the maximal OKN velocity for the same individuals.
      It was found that both smooth pursuit and OKAN performance decrease with age.
      Consequently the maximal OKN velocity, which depends on both factors, is even
      more affected than smooth pursuit eye movements.

PMID- 4029224
TI  - Thiamine deficiency and nervous system function disturbances.
AB  - Thiamine is important for oxidative metabolism, and B1 deficiency is thought to
      give rise to polyneuropathies. A group of male Wistar rats (n = 15) received a
      vitamin B1 deficient diet (group-a), and the pair fed control group (n = 20,
      group-b) received a normal diet with no vitamin deficiency. A second control
      group (group-c) was fed unrestrictedly with a standard diet (n = 19). All animals
      were examined for 25 weeks. The sensory nerve conduction velocity, the compound
      radicular, spinal and brain stem responses and the SEP were derived for tail and
      hind paw stimulation. The examination was repeated at 6-week intervals. There was
      no difference in nerve conduction between group-a and -b, but for both groups the
      conduction velocity was significantly slower than in group-c. The SEP latencies
      were significantly increased in group-a compared with group-b and also with group
      c. The spinal and cerebral latencies were delayed in group-a. The diameters of
      myelinated nerve fibres were decreased in group-a compared with group-b, and in
      group-b compared with group-c. The results indicate that a specific
      polyneuropathy exists as a result of B1 deficiency, and that the sequelae of the
      lack of thiamine are pronounced in the CNS.

PMID- 4029225
TI  - Hypoplasia of the basilar artery. Three case reports.
AB  - Three patients, aged 65, 70, and 80 years, respectively, with hypoplastic basilar
      artery are presented. To our knowledge no similar case has been reported in the
      literature till now. In one of the cases, the hypoplasia of the basilar artery
      was an incidental finding. The other two patients had transient neurological
      symptoms considered characteristic of circulatory insufficiency in the
      vertebrobasilar system. One of the latter two patients died of acute myocardial
      infarction and the other patient died after developing occlusion in the cervical
      part of the right internal carotid artery. The exact nature of hypoplastic
      basilar artery is uncertain. The possible mechanisms of its occurrence are
      discussed.

PMID- 4029227
TI  - European Society for Surgical Research. Abstracts. 20th congress, Rotterdam, May
      6-8, 1985.

PMID- 4029226
TI  - [Dimensions of the Hamilton Depression Scale. Factor analysis studies].
AB  - The results of factor analysis of HAMD are not unitary. Studying the stability in
      course and the independence of selection criteria for the population we rated two
      groups (n = 107, n = 98) of inpatients with HAMD; these groups differ in
      nosological selection criteria. We furthermore rated one group at different
      timepoints (before treatment and 3 weeks after). The one-factor-solution is the
      only stable one and the only one which is independent from selection criteria. In
      all groups the one-factor-solutions show a high similarity with other published
      solutions of the German version of HAMD. But there is no way to extract a general
      factor. Thus the ability of HAMD in judging the severity of depression is
      doubtful. Ways are discussed to circumvent this problem.

PMID- 4029228
TI  - Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy: one-year experience with the Dornier
      lithotripter.
AB  - Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has now been in clinical use for
      more than 4 years. In October 1983, the second kidney lithotripter in the world
      was installed in our department and, from then until October 1984, 800 treatments
      were performed on 733 patients. Our results confirm the promising reports
      published by the Munich group. Furthermore, it was possible to extend the range
      of indications by combining ESWL with percutaneous procedures, such as
      percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopy. As a result only 7% of all
      patients who were referred to our hospital with urinary stones (4% of renal stone
      patients and 15% of those with ureteral stones) had to undergo open surgery.

PMID- 4029229
TI  - Bladder neck reconstruction using an anterior bladder flap in post-prostatectomy
      incontinence.
AB  - Bladder neck reconstruction using an anterior bladder flap was used in 10
      patients with total diurnal urinary incontinence, persistent 1 year after
      suprapubic (n = 6) or transurethral (n = 4) prostatectomy. 8 patients achieved
      symptomatic improvement, 6 of them with excellent or good results. Bladder neck
      reconstruction is undoubtedly able to correct post-prostatectomy incontinence,
      provided there is no residual bladder neck obstruction or alteration of the
      bladder musculature due to previous surgery. These cases should be considered for
      artificial sphincter implantation.

PMID- 4029230
TI  - The Mainz pouch (mixed augmentation ileum 'n zecum) for bladder augmentation and
      continent urinary diversion.
AB  - A new technique for fashioning an ileocecal pouch, applicable for both bladder
      augmentation and continent urinary diversion, is described. A low pressure
      reservoir is achieved by antimesenteric longitudinal transsection of ileum and
      cecum and formation of a pouch from the cecum and two ileal loops. The antireflux
      procedure consists of submucosal tunnel implantation of the ureters into the
      cecum. Clinical application of the operative technique in 4 cases for bladder
      augmentation and in another 6 cases for urinary diversion has proven the validity
      of our functional concept: all patients with Mainz pouch bladder augmentation are
      completely dry day and night with normal intervals of bladder evacuation. Of the
      6 patients with Mainz pouch urinary diversion, 2 rely on a an all alloplastic
      stomal prosthesis for continence, another 2 have achieved continence with
      isoperistaltic ileo-ileal invagination, and the remainder are awaiting
      implantation of a sphincteric device.

PMID- 4029231
TI  - Nonrefluxing colon conduits with a modified ureterocolonic anastomosis.
AB  - Urinary diversion by means of a colon conduit is particularly advantageous. In
      comparison with the ileal conduit an antireflux ureterocolonic anastomosis can be
      created, thus preventing renal damage in patients with a long life expectancy.
      Herein the authors present the results of 5 years experience with colon conduits
      and Pagano's ureterocolonic anastomosis.

PMID- 4029232
TI  - Factors influencing the time long-term indwelling Foley catheters can be kept in
      situ.
AB  - To study the factors that influence the frequency of unscheduled catheter
      changes, patients with long-term indwelling Foley catheters were followed up for
      48 weeks. A marked interindividual difference in the need for unscheduled changes
      was noted. The amount and composition of the encrustations precipitated on the
      catheters and urine osmolality influenced the frequency of unscheduled catheter
      changes. There was no correlation between the time a catheter had been in situ
      and the amount of encrustations on catheters changed on schedule after various
      times in situ. This indicates that time does not govern the amount of
      encrustations accumulated.

PMID- 4029233
TI  - Surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with bilateral medialization of the
      ureteral orifices.
AB  - The technique of bilateral medialization of the ureteral orifices, as proposed by
      Gil-Vernet, has been used with minor modifications in a series of 14 patients for
      the surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux. Its major advantages are its
      technical simplicity and bilateral treatment in all cases.

PMID- 4029234
TI  - A prospective survey of the indications and morbidity of circumcision in
      children.
AB  - Both the British Medical Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics
      recommend that circumcision should only be performed for medical reasons. No one
      has ever described which reasons are actually used, nor measured the morbidity of
      the procedure. Of 140 boys coming to day-case elective circumcision between the
      ages of 3 months and 14 years (mean 4.3 years), the commonest cause was a
      congenital phimosis (42.8%). Four (2.8%) patients required acute readmission
      postoperatively, and a further 4 developed meatal stenosis, requiring a formal
      meatotomy. Of 99 patients followed up in detail, 46% vomited, 36% oozed, 19% did
      not pass urine for more than 12 h and 26% could not wear pants for more than 7
      days. Childhood circumcision has an appreciable morbidity, and should not be
      recommended without a medical reason.

PMID- 4029235
TI  - Upper urinary tract obstruction in children caused by Candida fungus balls.
AB  - 2 children with upper urinary tract obstruction from Candida fungus balls are
      reported. A presumptive diagnosis, made on the basis of clinical and radiological
      findings, was confirmed by microscopic examination of urinary sediment. Medical
      treatment was successful in both patients. Since Candida infections can occur in
      patients with altered host resistance, this should alert clinicians to the
      possibility of fungal involvement when radiolucent filling defects are found in
      the renal pelvis. Such a presumptive diagnosis can then lead to a correct
      approach with conservation of renal function.

PMID- 4029236
TI  - Open instillation of formalin for cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
      in a child.
AB  - A child with massive hematuria, produced by cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis,
      was treated with open bladder instillation of formalin. To prevent vesicoureteral
      reflux, we inserted two Fogarty catheters. Intraoperative retrograde cystography
      was made to confirm that there was no reflux, extravasation or passage of
      contrast per urethra. The postoperative result was good with cessation of
      hematuria.

PMID- 4029237
TI  - Endocrine-paracrine cells in prostatic carcinoma and clinical course of the
      disease.
AB  - The occurrence of endocrine-paracrine (argyrophil and argentaffin) cells in
      normal and hyperplastic human epithelia has long been recognized. 40 consecutive
      prostatic carcinomas were studied histochemically and ultrastructurally. The
      authors consider only clinically evaluable cases and discuss the clinical
      significance of the presence of endocrine-paracrine cells on the basis of their
      personal experience.

PMID- 4029238
TI  - Antegrade ureteroscopy for stone removal.
AB  - Antegrade ureteroscopy, using the 11-French ureteroscope via a percutaneous
      transrenal access, provides safe and easy endoscopic exploration of the ureter
      above the level of the iliac vessels. The technique has proven to be reliable and
      effective for the removal of obstructing proximal ureteral calculi: all of the 22
      patients who underwent antegrade ureteroscopy were stone-free after treatment.
      Since the introduction of this new technique in our department, no more open
      surgery has been required to manage ureteral calculi.

PMID- 4029239
TI  - Primary localised amyloidosis of the urethra.
AB  - Primary localised amyloidosis of the urethra is a rare disease. Successful
      treatment of the few reported cases has been achieved by per urethral resection,
      open excision and internal urethrotomy.

PMID- 4029240
TI  - Nephrosis with varicocele: probable renal vein thrombosis.
AB  - A 3-year-old boy with relapsing nephrosis presented with a left sided varicocele.
      Echographic studies demonstrated enlargement of the left kidney, and there was
      delayed excretion on renal scintigraphy suggesting the presence of renal vein
      thrombosis. The varicocele resolved with remission of his nephrosis.

PMID- 4029241
TI  - Physicians as employees of the pharmaceutical industry.
AB  - It is evident that a knowledge of medicine is indispensable for the discovery,
      development and, indeed, for the marketing of medicines. That is why the
      pharmaceutical industry has to employ physicians in research and marketing.
      However, this group of employees has always presented special problems. What I
      have to say relates to physicians, i.e. doctors who have trained as clinicians
      and who, initially at least, were drawn to clinical medicine. My remarks do not
      apply to pharmacologists, toxicologists and biochemists, i.e. natural scientists,
      who may have pursued their basic studies in a medical faculty and obtained a
      degree in medicine.

PMID- 4029242
TI  - Effects of oral prajmaline bitartrate on exercise test responses in patients with
      coronary artery disease.
AB  - The safety, tolerability and haemodynamic effects of oral prajmaline bitartrate
      were assessed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
      in 21 patients with stable angina pectoris and coronary artery disease. No
      serious side-effects occurred. Prajmaline bitartrate produced no statistically
      significant changes in resting heart rate or systolic blood pressure or in work
      capacity on the treadmill, or in heart rate or systolic blood pressure at maximum
      exercise compared to placebo values. No new arrhythmias or conduction
      abnormalities were produced in any patient. We conclude that oral prajmaline
      bitartrate is well tolerated and can be given safely to patients with coronary
      artery disease without producing deleterious haemodynamic effects or changes in
      exercise capacity.

PMID- 4029243
TI  - Long-term effects of pinacidil in hypertensive dialysis patients.
AB  - In an open study, thirteen chronic dialysis patients with nonvolume dependent
      uncontrolled hypertension were treated with pinacidil for a mean period of 43
      weeks. Seven patients were taking concomitant antihypertensive therapy. Twelve
      patients achieved long-term blood pressure control on a mean dose of 33 mg/day.
      The baseline supine blood pressure was 184/116 mmHg. After 1 week it had fallen
      to 161/95 mmHg and blood pressure control was maintained over the study period.
      Patient weight remained stable. The baseline reading was 61.6 kg and at the end
      of the study it was 59.7 kg. Pulse rate did not change significantly. For the
      eight patients not taking beta-blockers the mean change in pulse rate was 7.6
      beats/min supine and 6.3 beats/min erect (NS). Pretrial urea and creatinine were
      27.6 mmol/l and 1027 mumol/l and after 25 weeks they were 29.6 mmol/l and 1087
      mumol/l, respectively (NS). Four patients had ECG evidence of left ventricular
      hypertrophy before the study and one on completion of the trial. Five patients
      showed correction of T-waves on their ECG's. Six patients experienced side
      effects, none of which warranted withdrawal of treatment. These findings suggest
      that pinacidil is a valuable alternative treatment for hypertensive dialysis
      patients.

PMID- 4029244
TI  - Treatment of essential hypertension and hypertension associated with renal
      impairment with pinacidil: a new vasodilator.
AB  - Twenty patients with uncontrolled hypertension were treated with pinacidil for a
      mean period of 43 weeks (range 10-63 weeks). All patients achieved and maintained
      significant reductions in blood pressure. The supine blood pressure at baseline
      was 184/116 mmHg; after one week it was 161/95 mmHg and at 43 weeks it was 138/79
      mmHg. The mean dose of pinacidil was 30 mg/day. There was no significant
      difference between the two groups with respect to the dose of pinacidil or the
      blood pressure response. Pulse rate and weight remained stable for the group as a
      whole. Five patients were not taking beta-blockers. The mean baseline pulse rate
      for this group was 78 beats/min and when maintained on pinacidil it was 82
      beat/min (NS). Six patients were not taking diuretics. The mean baseline weight
      for this group was 78.5 kg and while maintained on pinacidil it was 79.2 kg (NS).
      There was no occurrence of oedema, hirsutism or first dose phenomenon. The mean
      glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow for the renal plasma flow for
      the renal group was 35.4 ml/min and 192.3 ml/min before pinacidil and after six
      months they were 32.7 ml/min and 183.2 ml/min (NS) respectively. Six patients
      experienced minor side-effects. We conclude that pinacidil is a potent, well
      tolerated antihypertensive agent which merits further study.

PMID- 4029245
TI  - Drug acetylation and expression of lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Acetylator phenotype was measure in 58 patients presenting to a skin clinic with
      discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and in 51 normal healthy subjects. Twenty seven
      of the patients with DLE were found to have evidence of systemic lupus
      erythematosus (D+SLE). Frequency of slow acetylator phenotype was 58% in all DLE
      patients, 52% in those with D+SLE and was no different from the 57% in controls.
      The distribution of acetylator phenotypes within the groups with DLE and those
      with D+SLE was similar to controls. Severity of DLE was assessed as number of
      skin lesions and median lesion count was 11.5 in slow acetylators and 10 in fast
      acetylators but in D+SLE median lesion count was 22 in slow acetylators and 12 in
      fast acetylators, and there was a significant inverse relationship between lesion
      count and rate of acetylation; scores for systemic involvement showed no
      relationship. We conclude that there is no difference in the frequency or
      distribution of slow acetylator phenotype between normal subjects and patients
      with DLE with or without SLE but that actual rate of acetylation may determine
      severity of expression of the disease in slow acetylators.

PMID- 4029246
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of verapamil in patients with renal failure.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of verapamil was studied in patients with end-stage chronic
      renal failure and in normal subjects after i.v. injection of 3 mg and a single
      oral dose of 80 mg. Plasma levels of verapamil and its active metabolite
      norverapamil were measured by HPLC. After i.v. injection, the terminal phase half
      life and total plasma clearance of verapamil in both groups were similar.
      Haemodialysis did not change the time course of plasma verapamil levels after
      i.v. administration. After a single oral dose, the plasma levels of verapamil and
      norverapamil in both groups of subjects were similar. Subsequently, normal
      volunteers and patients with renal failure were treated for 5 days with oral
      verapamil 80 mg t.d.s. There was no difference between the 2 groups of subjects
      in the trough and peak levels of verapamil or of norverapamil. Intravenous and
      oral administration of the calcium channel blocking agent had similar effects on
      blood pressure, heart rate and the PR-interval in the electrocardiogram in both
      groups. The study demonstrated that the disposition of verapamil was similar in
      normal subjects and in patients with renal failure.

PMID- 4029247
TI  - Effects of transdermal scopolamine upon psychological test performance at sea.
AB  - The effects of transdermal scopolamine upon objective psychological performance
      assessments and self reports of feeling states, were investigated with volunteer
      subjects at sea. Scopolamine and placebo patches were administered on consecutive
      days in a counterbalanced order. Psychological performance was assessed 24 h
      following each transdermal patch. Choice reaction time and code substitution
      performance levels were not significantly changed, but letter cancellation errors
      were significantly more frequent following transdermal scopolamine. Transdermal
      scopolamine caused significantly more reports of dry mouth. More subjects were
      also unable to undertake the performance tests following scopolamine than
      placebo, due to difficulties in focusing on the test materials. However despite
      deleterious side effects with some personnel, others responded positively to the
      scopolamine patch. As noted by other workers, responses to the transdermal
      scopolamine patch seem to be quite variable.

PMID- 4029248
TI  - Impairment of caffeine clearance by chronic use of low-dose oestrogen-containing
      oral contraceptives.
AB  - The effect of chronic (greater than 3 months) administration of low-dose
      oestrogen-containing (less than 50 micrograms oestrogen) oral contraceptives
      (OCS) on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine has been examined in a treated females
      matched with 9 non-smoking, drug-free, healthy control females of similar age,
      weight and ethnic origin. Each subject received 162 mg caffeine base orally after
      an overnight fast. OCS subjects had a prolonged elimination half-life of
      caffeine, (mean 7.88 h vs 5.37 h in the controls). This was the result of marked
      impairment of the plasma clearance of caffeine (1.05 vs 1.75 ml/min/kg,
      respectively) with no change in apparent volume of distribution (0.685 in OCS vs
      0.7501/kg in the control group). The absorption parameters determined were peak
      plasma caffeine concentration (3.99 vs 4.09 micrograms/ml) and time to peak
      concentration after drug administration (1.52 vs 0.79), which was moderately
      prolonged in OCS users. Thus, caffeine clearance, previously reported to be a
      specific marker of cytochrome P-448 activity in man, is decreased by chronic OCS
      use. This suggests that OCS may cause significant impairment of this enzyme
      activity as assessed in vivo. With chronic caffeine consumption, OCS users are
      predicted to have an increased steady-state plasma caffeine concentration as
      compared to non-OCS users.

PMID- 4029249
TI  - Personality and theophylline pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Thirteen volunteers received an iv dose of theophylline followed by blood
      sampling for 8 h to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. Ten patients with
      asthma undergoing chronic dosing with slow release aminophylline underwent 12 h
      of blood sampling to calculate theophylline clearance. Both groups completed an
      Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) from which was derived scores for neuroticism
      (N) and extroversion (E). Using multiple regression analysis no independent
      effect of either N or E score on theophylline clearance or half-life could be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 4029250
TI  - Effect of probenecid on isofezolac kinetics.
AB  - The interaction between isofezolac and probenecid has been studied with the aid
      of a specific HPLC assay for isofezolac in plasma and urine. 8 healthy adult
      volunteers received a single 40 mg oral dose of isofezolac before and after 3
      days of loading with 0.5 probenecid t.i.d. There was an increase in the maximum
      plasma isofezolac concentration from 2.44 to 3.38 micrograms X ml-1 when
      probenecid was given. The AUC of isofezolac in plasma increased from 6.73 to
      11.28 micrograms X h X ml-1. After the last dose in a 7 day treatment with 40 mg
      isofezolac t.i.d., there was an increase in the maximum plasma isofezolac level
      from 2.84 to 4.96 micrograms X ml-1 when probenecid was given. The rate of
      absorption of isofezolac was not affected. An increase in the AUC of isofezolac
      in plasma was observed from 11.74 to 26.34 micrograms X h X ml-1. The major
      effect of probenecid on isofezolac metabolism was a 50% reduction in total
      isofezolac (free + conjugates) excreted inurine. Because of this interaction,
      patients given isofezolac combined with probenecid will have a higher steady
      state plasma level of isofezolac than when probenecid is not administered.

PMID- 4029251
TI  - Intravenous and intramuscular pharmacokinetics of recombinant leukocyte A
      interferon.
AB  - Interferon is currently being evaluated for the treatment of disseminated cancer
      and viral diseases. Alpha interferons have shown to be effective in the treatment
      of a number of malignancies. Recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A) is
      an alpha interferon produced by recombinant DNA techniques. A kinetic evaluation
      of rIFN-alpha A following intravenous and intramuscular administration has not
      been adequately defined. The present study was designed to evaluate the kinetics
      of rIFN-alpha A following intravenous and intramuscular administration of 3, 9 or
      18 X 10(6) units to patients with disseminated cancer. A preliminary report of
      this study was presented at the meeting of the American Society for Clinical
      Pharmacology and Therapeutics in San Diego, March 1983 (1).

PMID- 4029252
TI  - Effect of rifampicin treatment on hepatic drug metabolism and serum bile acids in
      patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Six patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) were treated with a daily oral
      dose of 600 mg rifampicin for 2 weeks to induce the hepatic metabolism of drugs
      and bile acids. On rifampicin 5 of 6 patients experienced a pronounced decrease
      of their pruritus. In all patients the oxidative cytochrome P-450 dependent drug
      metabolism was induced as shown by an increase of antipyrine-clearance from 36.3
      +/- 8.8 to 80.6 +/- 20.1 ml/min and an enhanced urinary excretion of 6-beta
      hydroxycortisol from 454 +/- 1.99 to 1607 +/- 362 micrograms/24 h. Furthermore,
      in all 6 patients the serum alkaline phosphatase declined. In the 3 cholestatic
      patients (bilirubin greater than 1.0 mg/dl) the serum concentration of total and
      conjugated bile acids was strikingly reduced. Thus, rifampicin is an inducer of
      hepatic metabolism in PBC-patients, ameliorates the pruritus and can lower serum
      concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and bile acids.

PMID- 4029253
TI  - Plasma protein binding of ritodrine at parturition and in nonpregnant women.
AB  - The binding of ritodrine HCl in whole plasma from healthy nonpregnant women,
      parturients and matched umbilical venous plasma and in solutions of HSA and alpha
      1-AGP has been studied by equilibrium dialysis. Binding to plasma from
      nonpregnant subjects and HSA was independent of ritodrine concentration over a
      wide range. The free fraction in plasma was high and significantly different
      between groups of nonpregnant (alpha = 0.64), parturient (alpha = 0.68) and
      matched umbilical venous plasma (alpha = 0.75). It would seem that variability in
      transplacental transfer of ritodrine, as a result of plasma binding fluctuations,
      will be minor.

PMID- 4029254
TI  - Effect of atenolol on red blood cell deformability.

PMID- 4029255
TI  - Ageing and acetylator phenotype as determined by administration of
      sulphadimidine.

PMID- 4029256
TI  - The lymphoproliferating cells of MRL-lpr/lpr mice are a polyclonal population
      that bear the T lymphocyte receptor for antigen.
AB  - Mice bearing the recessive gene lpr develop an age-dependent, massive
      lymphoproliferation, primarily in the lymph nodes (LN), with associated
      autoimmunity. LN cells from these mice express T cell receptor protein on the
      cell surface at 50-70% of normal levels. Normal levels of T cell receptor alpha,
      beta and gamma mRNA were found in these cells as compared to normal LN cells.
      Southern blot analysis of MRL-lpr/lpr LN DNA showed rearrangements in 80-90% of
      the chromosomes at the beta gene loci. The pattern of rearrangement indicated
      that a polyclonal rather than monoclonal expansion of T cells occurred. These
      data support a lymphokine-induction model of lymphoproliferation in MRL-lpr mice.

PMID- 4029257
TI  - Enhancement of IgG anti-carrier responses by IgG2 anti-hapten antibodies in mice.
AB  - Isologous IgG2a and IgG2b anti-hapten antibodies injected along with
      trinitrophenylated or fluoresceinated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were found
      to considerably stimulate primary IgG responses to the carrier protein in mice.
      No such stimulation was observed with IgG1, IgM and IgA anti-hapten antibodies.
      Depending on the antigen antibody combination, the amplification obtained after a
      single injection of IgG2-complexed haptenated KLH ranged from 20- to 1000-fold.
      By comparison, secondary responses were only marginally enhanced (approximately 3
      fold) when IgG2-complexed rather than free antigen was used to boost irradiated
      recipients previously reconstituted with primed spleen cells. The IgG2-mediated
      enhancement was effective over a wide range of antigen/antibody ratios, did not
      require the use of high affinity antibodies and occurred whatever the route of
      injection. The stimulation was specific for the complexed antigen and developed
      to the same extent whether complexes were formed in vitro or in vivo. A
      comparable stimulation of the anti-carrier response was obtained with several
      other haptenated proteins but with formaldehyde-treated diphtheria and tetanus
      toxoids inhibition rather than stimulation was observed.

PMID- 4029258
TI  - Characterization of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine uptake within rat cerebrovascular
      tree.
AB  - The in vitro uptake of tritiated serotonin ([3H]5HT) was studied in a preparation
      of rat extracerebral arteries. The uptake of [3H]5HT was time- and temperature
      dependent and of high affinity; linear regression analysis gave a Km value of
      6.48 X 10(-7) M for the specific uptake. Bilateral superior cervical
      ganglionectomy was without effect on [3H]5HT uptake while it significantly
      reduced the uptake of tritiated norepinephrine by the preparation of rat
      extracerebral arteries. The serotonergic neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and
      lesions to both the medial and the dorsal raphe nuclei caused a marked loss of
      [3H]5HT uptake but did not change the uptake of tritiated norepinephrine.
      Competition studies with norepinephrine, desimipramine (a noradrenergic uptake
      blocker), nomifensine (a dopaminergic uptake blocker) and fluoxetine (a 5HT
      uptake blocker) confirmed the specificity of the [3H]5HT uptake mechanism.
      Histoautoradiographic studies showed the highest density of silver grains at the
      level of the adventitial-medial border of the basilar artery. Fluoxetine
      inhibited the accumulation of silver grains within the adventitial-medial border
      in the blood vessel studied. The present data further support the view that a
      neuronal serotonergic system may play a role in the control of blood flow in the
      cerebrovascular tree.

PMID- 4029259
TI  - The cardiovascular effects of oxytocin in conscious male rats.
AB  - In conscious, chronically instrumented normotensive male Wistar rats intravenous
      (i.v.) administration of oxytocin (OXT) (greater than or equal to 100 ng) induced
      a dose-related biphasic change in mean arterial pressure (MAP). This consisted of
      an initial pressor effect accompanied by bradycardia and a decrease in cardiac
      output (CO), followed by a more prolonged fall in MAP which reached a maximum 30
      min after injection and was accompanied by an increase in CO. The more specific
      (Thr4,Gly7]OXT analogue (0.01-10 micrograms i.v.) caused a dose-related fall in
      MAP and a rise in CO which reached a maximum after 15-30 min. Similarly in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats of the stroke prone strain (SHRSP) an initial
      pressor effect and delayed fall in MAP were apparent after OXT (0.1 and 10
      micrograms i.v.) only the decrease in MAP being evident with the [Thr4,Gly7]OXT
      analogue. These responses were significantly larger than those observed in Wistar
      Kyoto controls. The pressor effects are therefore interpreted to be due to
      vasopressin receptor activation while the depressor effects appear to be oxytocin
      specific. In sinoaortic denervated rats, OXT (0.1 and 10 micrograms i.v.) induced
      an enhanced initial pressor effect with a much reduced reflex bradycardia and
      fall in CO. A larger and more prolonged delayed fall in MAP was apparent with
      both OXT and [Thr4,Gly7]OXT accompanied by a decrease in CO when compared to sham
      operated controls. Intracisternally (i.c.) administered OXT (0.05-10 ng) had no
      effect on MAP or heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029260
TI  - Pharmacological evidence for selective inhibition of gastric acid secretion by
      telenzepine, a new antimuscarinic drug.
AB  - The new antisecretory drug, telenzepine (4,9-dihydro-3-methyl-4-[(4-methyl-1
      piperazinyl)acetyl]-10H-thieno-[3,4 - b][1,5]benzodiazepin-10-one), was
      investigated for its inhibition of functionally intact muscarinic receptors
      involved in gastric acid secretion in rabbit fundic glands, perfused mouse
      stomach in vitro, perfused rat stomach in situ, gastric fistula in rats and dogs
      with a Heidenhain pouch. The effects on these receptors were contrasted with
      effects on receptors located on smooth muscle and heart, i.e. isolated rat
      urinary bladder, stomach and atrium. The results were compared to those values
      obtained with nonselective antimuscarinic drugs (N-methylscopolamine, atropine)
      and the selective M-1 antagonist pirenzepine. Telenzepine was found to be 4-10
      times more potent than pirenzepine with respect to depressing both gastric acid
      secretion and smooth muscle or myocardial responses. Based on -log EC50 and pA2
      values, both drugs exhibited a similar selectivity profile differing from the
      pattern of effects observed with atropine or a second reference compound,
      zolenzepine. As compared with atropine, telenzepine exhibited a 5 fold higher
      relative affinity to muscarinic receptors involved in gastric acid secretion. It
      was concluded that telenzepine is selective to discriminate between muscarinic
      receptors mediating gastric acid secretion and affecting muscle contractility and
      that this finding supports the concept of muscarinic receptor heterogeneity.

PMID- 4029261
TI  - Interaction of amoxapine with muscarinic cholinergic receptors: an in vitro
      assessment.
AB  - Amoxapine, an antidepressant with a rapid onset of therapeutic efficacy and great
      utility in psychotic depression, has been reported to produce anticholinergic
      side effects in man similar to those observed with imipramine and amitriptyline.
      To establish its cholinergic disposition, amoxapine and its metabolites 7
      hydroxyamoxapine and 8-hydroxyamoxapine, have been evaluated by determining their
      effects on quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding to membrane fractions of rat and
      human brain, on the carbamoylcholine-stimulated accumulation of inositol
      phosphates in rat cerebral cortex and on the acetylcholine-induced contraction of
      the guinea pig ileum. In all three preparations, amoxapine was found to be a
      considerably weaker antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors than either
      imipramine (4-27 fold) or amitriptyline (51-300 fold). These results indicate
      that for amoxapine, no correlation exists between the magnitude of muscarinic
      receptor inhibition and the extent of 'anticholinergic' side effects found in the
      clinic. Neither the metabolites of amoxapine nor species differences could
      account for this discrepancy.

PMID- 4029262
TI  - Bradykinin antagonizes morphine-induced analgesia in rats.
AB  - The intraventricular injection of 5 micrograms of bradykinin or Met-Lys
      bradykinin in rats antagonized the increase in nociception threshold induced by
      morphine (5 micrograms i.c.v. or 10 mg/kg i.p.) in the tail flick test. The
      effect of the two kinins was prevented by atropine (30 mg/kg i.p.). The results
      suggest that bradykinin counteracts opiate activity in the central nervous system
      by enhancing acetylcholine release.

PMID- 4029263
TI  - The release of lyso-PAF from guinea-pig lungs.
AB  - Lyso-PAF was detected after ionophore challenge in the effluent of lungs of
      guinea-pigs exposed to oxygen and perfused through the pulmonary circulation as
      well as of control lungs perfused through the airways. Lyso-PAF is probably the
      inactive metabolite of PAF-acether which could not, itself, be detected in the
      lung effluents.

PMID- 4029264
TI  - Organ specificity of epithelial cells grown in tissue culture from explants
      obtained from various levels of the rat gut.
AB  - Monolayer cultures of epithelial cells grown from explants of fetal rat small
      intestine can differentiate into columnar as well as goblet cells in tissue
      culture (Kondo et al., Exp cell res 153 (1984) 12) [9]. In this study we have
      cultured tissue from various levels of the fetal rat gastrointestinal tract in
      order to characterize those cell types that can be cultured from these tissues
      and to determine the growth potential of these cells using this culture system.
      Explants of esophagus and forestomach tissue yielded monolayer outgrowths of
      squamous epithelial cells which grew as closely apposed polygonal cells capable
      of developing cornified envelopes. Explants of the glandular portion of the
      stomach yielded outgrowths of densely packed cells which were more pleiomorphic
      and which did not desquamate or form cornified envelopes. Explants of small
      intestine and colon yielded outgrowths of epithelial cells, some of which
      differentiated into goblet cells, while others developed a 'columnar' cell
      morphology. The following differences between squamous- and non-squamous cultures
      were observed. Squamous epithelium showed self-sustained growth, while growth of
      non-squamous epithelial cells became self-limiting. Cytochalasin B (CB) (5
      micrograms/ml for 1 h) induced contraction of the whole cell sheet of non
      squamous cells, but of only individual squamous cells. Squamous cell outgrowth
      was observed from tissues derived from fetuses of all ages (13-day fetuses
      through to 3-week-old rats); whereas non-squamous epithelial outgrowth was poor
      when rats older than the 21st gestational day were studied. These results
      indicate that cultures established in this manner developed the general
      characteristics of the cells of the organ from which they were derived, even when
      undifferentiated fetal tissue was used. The growth conditions needed for columnar
      epithelium are more stringent than those needed for squamous tissues. This
      technique opens the way for further characterization of growth requirements of
      gastrointestinal columnar epithelium.

PMID- 4029265
TI  - Measurement of cell proliferation in microculture using Hoechst 33342 for the
      rapid semiautomated microfluorimetric determination of chromatin DNA.
AB  - We report the development and characterization of a semiautomated method for
      measurement of cell proliferation in microculture using Hoechst 33342, a non
      toxic specific vital stain for DNA. In this assay, fluorescence resulting from
      interaction of cell chromatin DNA with Hoechst 33342 dye was measured by an
      instrument that automatically reads the fluorescence of each well of a 96-well
      microtiter plate within 1 min. Each cell line examined was shown to require
      different Hoechst 33342 concentrations and time of incubation with the dye to
      attain optimum fluorescence in the assay. In all cell lines, cell chromatin
      enhanced Hoechst 33342 fluorescence was shown to be a linear function of the
      number of cells or cell nuclei per well when optimum assay conditions were
      employed. Because of this linear relation, equivalent cell doubling times were
      calculated from growth curves based on changes in cell counts or changes in
      Hoechst/DNA fluorescence and the fluorimetric assay was shown to be useful for
      the direct assay of the influence of growth factors on cell proliferation. The
      fluorimetric assay also provided a means for normalizing the incorporation of
      tritiated thymidine ( [3H] TdR) into DNA; normalized values of DPM per
      fluorescence unit closely paralleled values of percent 3H-labelled nuclei when
      DNA synthesis was studied as a function of the concentration of rat serum in the
      medium. In summary, the chromatin-enhanced Hoechst 33342 fluorimetric assay
      provides a rapid, simple, and reproducible means for estimating cell
      proliferation by direct measurement of changes in cell fluorescence or by
      measurement of changes in the normalized incorporation of thymidine into DNA.

PMID- 4029266
TI  - Human brown adipose cells in culture.
AB  - Brown adipose tissue (BAT), obtained from the axillary and perirenal regions of
      newborns 24-48 h after death, was digested with collagenase and the free cells
      were cultured. Only the cultures of cells from tissue obtained later than 24 h
      post mortem were successful. These cells grew slowly to reach confluence. Their
      typical mitochondria gradually disappeared, being replaced by untypical
      mitochondria. After confluence, the cells accumulated large amounts of lipid in
      non-coalescent multivacuolar depots. This model can be useful for the study of
      the metabolic and morphological features of human brown fat cells.

PMID- 4029267
TI  - Expression of the 2-5A system during the cell cycle.
AB  - To determine whether the 2-5A system has a role in the regulation of cell growth
      we have examined all constituents of the 2-5A pathway in mouse embryo fibroblasts
      undergoing one cycle of division at the tertiary stage under conditions where a
      high degree of uniformity is maintained within each stage of the cycle. Levels of
      the 2-5A synthetase increased up to tenfold late in S phase and declined as cells
      moved through G2. A similar but smaller increase in the 2-5A-dependent
      ribonuclease was observed, whereas activity of the 2'5' phosphodiesterase was
      highest in quiescent cells. At the time of maximum synthetase levels no
      phosphorylated 2-5A could be detected in the intact cell. Endogenous interferon
      (IFN) was found in the culture supernatants in increasing concentration with cell
      cycle progression and addition of antibodies to IFN reduced the increase in
      synthetase seen in late S. Treatment of cells with a growth inhibitor that cells
      produce also affected synthetase activity.

PMID- 4029268
TI  - Flow-cytometric detection of changes in the fluorescence emission spectrum of a
      vital DNA-specific dye in human tumour cells.
AB  - A multiparameter flow cytometric technique has been used to detect changes in the
      emission spectrum of the DNA-specific fluorochrome Hoechst 33342 during uptake by
      intact, human tumour cells and during the in vitro titration of permeabilized
      cells. The spectral shift phenomenon was associated with changes in dye: DNA
      ratio revealing heterogeneity in dye-binding sites. The degree of spectral shift
      was sensitive to changes in pH within the physiological range. Surprisingly,
      chromatin structure, in terms of DNase accessibility, was not a major factor in
      the generation of the spectral shift. The technique of fluorescence emission
      analysis permits cells with similar DNA contents to be distinguished on the basis
      of changes in the microenvironment of chromatin for both fresh and freezer-stored
      biopsy or experimental preparations.

PMID- 4029269
TI  - Mechanism for electrosilent Ca2+ transport to cause calcification of spicules in
      sea urchin embryos.
AB  - Embryos of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, kept in sea water
      containing the calcium antagonists, diltiazem and verapamil, or an anion
      transport inhibitor, 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS),
      during a developmental period between the mesenchyme blastula and the pluteus
      corresponding stage, became abnormal plutei with poorly developed arms and quite
      small spicules. Treatment with ethacrynic acid and furosemide, inhibitors of
      chloride transport, during the same period of development yielded quasi-normal
      plutei with poor spicules and somewhat developed arms. In late gastrulae, the
      inhibitory effects of these calcium antagonists and DIDS on the uptake of 45Ca2+
      in whole embryos were as strong as those on 45Ca deposition in spicules, whereas
      the effects of chloride transport inhibitors on calcium deposition in the
      spicules were markedly stronger than on its uptake in whole embryos.
      Electrosilent uptake of Ca2+ seems to be established mainly by coupled influx of
      chloride in the cells which mediate spicule calcification, and by concomitant
      influx of anions in the other cells. In swimming blastulae, 45Ca2+ uptake was
      inhibited by calcium antagonists and DIDS, but not by chloride transport
      inhibitors. Ca2+ uptake probably becomes coupled with chloride influx only in
      embryos in which spicule calcification occurs.

PMID- 4029270
TI  - Cultured astrocytes form a syncytium after maturation.
AB  - The formation of functional gap junctions between astrocytes was investigated
      during differentiation of these cells in culture. Precursor cells of GFA (glial
      fibrillary acidic) protein-positive astrocytes were cultured in a chemically
      defined medium as a homogeneous population. These cells were rarely coupled to
      one neighbour, as revealed by electrical and dye coupling and never formed a
      large syncytium, as investigated by injection and spread of Lucifer Yellow.
      Differentiation with respect to GFA protein accumulation can be induced in these
      cells by culturing in horse serum-containing medium. The formation of functional
      junctions developed within 2 weeks in about 20% of the cells. Coupled cells
      formed a large syncytium. When the astrocytes were co-cultured with primary
      cerebellar cells (consisting predominantly of small neurons) after the switch to
      serum-containing medium the percentage of coupled astrocytes increased to about
      65%. Again the coupled cells formed a large syncytium. Since no physical contact
      was possible between the astrocyte cultures and the primary cerebellar cells the
      stimulation of coupling had to be signalized by soluble factor(s).

PMID- 4029271
TI  - Selective expression of histone genes in mouse-human hybrid cells.
AB  - Mouse-human hybrid cells preferentially segregating mouse chromosomes contain
      predominantly human histone mRNAs and synthesize human histone proteins. In
      contrast, hybrids segregating human chromosomes contain both human and murine
      histone mRNAs, yet synthesize only mouse histone proteins. These results suggest
      transcriptional control of histone gene expression in hybrids segregating mouse
      chromosomes and post-transcriptional regulation in hybrids segregating human
      chromosomes.

PMID- 4029272
TI  - Phagocytic behavior of the predatory slime mold, Dictyostelium caveatum. Cell
      nibbling.
AB  - The predatory slime mold, D. caveatum, feeds upon other amoebae by phagocytosis.
      The D. caveatum amoebae begin feeding upon cells the same size or larger by
      nibbling pieces of cells. While feeding upon other amoebae as opposed to
      bacteria, they increase in size. This behavior resembles that of phagocytes in
      higher organisms. A novel method was used to follow the time course of
      phagocytosis. A lytic toxin, phallolysin, and mutants resistant to the toxin were
      utilized in an assay to separate the phagocytes from the prey cells. Since a
      broad spectrum of cells are sensitive to the toxin, the method has general
      applicability.

PMID- 4029273
TI  - Polysaccharides sulfated at the time of gastrulation in embryos of the sea urchin
      Clypeaster japonicus.
AB  - Based on the fact that the development of sea urchin embryos is arrested at the
      blastula stage in sulfate-free sea water (SFSW), we attempted in the present
      study to elucidate the nature of sulfated polysaccharides (PSs) which appear at
      the time of gastrulation in embryos of the sea urchin Clypeaster japonicus.
      Electrophoretic analysis of PSs prepared from embryos at different developmental
      stages revealed that three kinds of PSs (3A, 3B, 3C) appear de novo at the
      gastrula stage, and that these PSs are not found in embryos at the hatching
      blastula stage, nor are they found in permanent blastula reared in SFSW. These,
      three PSs were mostly of extracellular matrix origin. Among them, 3C was
      identified as dermatan sulfate on the basis of its electrophoretic mobility and
      sensitivity to enzymatic digestion. 3A and 3B remained to be identified. Further,
      a plausible precursor of 3C, which was sulfated under normal conditions, was
      detected as 6D in the embryos reared in SFSW. Autoradiographic analysis using
      [35S]sulfate revealed that these three PSs, accounted for more than 90% of
      [35S]sulfate incorporated into the acid PS fraction during gastrulation.

PMID- 4029275
TI  - In situ localization of actin mRNA in Dictyostelium discoideum aggregates.
AB  - By in situ hybridization of a labeled cloned DNA to cellular RNA, we have studied
      the distribution of actin mRNA in differentiating Dictyostelium discoideum
      aggregates. In migrating pseudoplasmodia, the mRNA is distributed uniformly.
      However, in culminating aggregates (sorogens) actin mRNA is enriched in stalk
      cells and in the cells at the anterior tip. Thus, the preferential synthesis of
      actin in prestalk and stalk cells, previously reported, is due at least partially
      to increased levels of actin mRNA.

PMID- 4029274
TI  - Analysis of the expression of the 4F2 surface antigen in normal and neoplastic
      fibroblastic human cells of embryonic and adult origin.
AB  - 4F2 monoclonal antibody recognizes a 120-kD glycoprotein on the surface of human
      spread fibroblastic cells of embryonic and neoplastic origin, but it does not
      bind to normal spread adult fibroblasts. Flow cytometric analysis reveals that
      human adult fibroblasts become 4F2-positive when they are analyzed as round
      shaped cells; this means that, in normal adult cells, 4F2 antigen behaves as a
      cryptic molecule. Thus, the basic difference between embryonic, neoplastic and
      normal adult cells consists in a different organization in the architecture of
      the cell membrane, since in embryonic and neoplastic cells there is a continuous
      expression of the 4F2 antigen independently of the cell shape and cell cycle
      phase. Quantitative flow cytometry shows that the mean surface density (MSD) of
      the 4F2 antigen 1, does not vary as a function of the cell cycle; 2, is inversely
      related to cell size and "metabolic time". This suggests that at the plateau
      phase the surface organization of G1 resting cells changes as a function of the
      number of days spent in culture; and 3, sarcoma and SV40-transformed cells show
      significantly increased MSD levels of the 4F2 antigen in comparison with normal
      cells of similar size. Electrophoretic analysis under reducing conditions
      confirms the quantitative differences in the expression of the 4F2 antigen
      described with the cell sorter. It also reveals, in a way different from that
      previously found with lymphoid cells, the coexistence of two molecules (85 and 73
      kD) in the heavy chain regions. The 73 kD is, however, much more strongly
      expressed in the fibrosarcoma than in the embryonic cells. Finally, it shows that
      4F2 antigen is a very useful tool for studying the organization and the structure
      of the cell membrane of human fibroblasts and can provide new insights to
      understand better the developmental and transformation processes.

PMID- 4029276
TI  - A platelet factor stimulating the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.
      Partial purification and characterization.
AB  - Platelets have been shown to contain a novel growth factor that stimulates the
      proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. The factor potently
      stimulated both DNA synthesis and proliferation rate in serum-deprived
      endothelial cells. Gel exclusion chromatography showed at least two peaks of
      activity on endothelial cells, the major peak being at an apparent molecular
      weight of 20 000. Isoelectric focusing revealed that the pI of the factor was 4.0
      4.8. It was adsorbed to a column of DEAE ion exchange chromatography and eluted
      with a salt gradient. The factor was heat-labile and trypsin-sensitive. The
      activity was not destroyed by a reducing agent including dithiothreitol. This
      factor stimulated the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells but was found
      to be inactive against normal rat kidney fibroblasts.

PMID- 4029277
TI  - Changes in phosphoprotein pattern in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - A variety of evidence suggests that protein phosphorylation (pp) may be important
      in cell-cycle control. Phosphorylated proteins from S. pombe have been examined
      for phosphorylation changes under several conditions: known triggers of the
      division control (low nitrogen, low phosphate), cell size mutants (WEE1 and CDC2
      alleles) and cell cycle mutants (CDC2, CDC10, CDC17, CDC25 alleles). Three major
      phosphorylated proteins (pp38, pp45 and pp54) showed the greatest response to
      nutritional shifts. The changes in the phosphorylated states of these proteins
      correlated with growth rate. Some phosphorylations (e.g. pp53) occurred
      transiently following a stimulus to cell division suggesting a possible
      involvement with the division mechanism. An allele-specific alteration of charge
      was noted for pp45 suggesting that this protein is the product of the CDC2 gene.
      The wee1-6 phosphoprotein pattern is similar to wild-type indicating that this
      mutant cell line accurately senses its nutritional environment and that the
      mutation likely affects the transfer of this information to the division control.
      Cells blocked by various temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutants did not show an
      alteration of phosphoprotein pattern.

PMID- 4029278
TI  - Discontinuous RNA and protein synthesis and accumulation during cell cycle of
      Ehrlich ascites tumour cells.
AB  - The cell cycle-related synthesis rate and accumulation of RNA and protein were
      studied in in vivo growing Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. After pulse-labelling in
      vivo, cell fractions from various parts of the cell cycle were obtained by means
      of elutriator centrifuging. The RNA synthesis rate increased three times during
      G1 and remained unchanged throughout the remaining part of the cell cycle. The
      content of RNA increased discontinuously during G1/early S phase and late S
      phase/G2, by a factor of about 3. The protein synthesis rate increased by a
      factor of 2.5 and the protein content doubled, both parameters discontinuously as
      found for the RNA content. On the other hand, the cellular volume increased
      continuously throughout the cell cycle and thus no close correlation between
      cellular volume and protein content was indicated by our results. A possible
      variation in the degradation rate of RNA during cell cycle is also discussed. The
      close relationship between RNA content and protein synthesis during cell cycle
      indicates regulation of protein synthesis at the transcription level.

PMID- 4029279
TI  - The effect of monensin on cell aggregation of normal and dystrophic human skin
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Measurements of aggregation kinetics using couette viscometry show that freshly
      trypsinized skin fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy have
      values of intercellular adhesiveness approx. 40% those of normal cells. If cells
      are allowed to recover from the effects of trypsinization (by incubation for 2 h
      at 37 degrees C in serum-containing medium) the intercellular adhesiveness of
      both cell types increases, and normal and Duchenne cells aggregate to the same
      extent. Exposure to the ionophore monensin during the recovery phase leads to
      suppression of recovery in both cell types, and this effect of the drug is
      greater in Duchenne fibroblasts. These results are discussed in relation to other
      data on the reported differential effects of trypsin and monensin on normal and
      Duchenne fibroblasts.

PMID- 4029280
TI  - Light scattering of normal human lens. III. Relationship between forward and back
      scatter of whole excised lenses.
AB  - Twenty-three human lenses from age 3-76 years were studied. Lenses obtained 24-36
      post-mortem were exposed to monochromatic light (435.8 and 546.1 nm) in the I
      parallel and I+ modes and to white (tungsten lamp) unpolarized radiation. The
      light scattering intensities were obtained as a function of scattering angles
      from 0 to 135 degrees. The scattering intensities in the forward directions are
      greater than in the back scatter in all modes of illuminations. The age
      dependence of a number of light scattering parameters such as percent
      transmission; I theta/Io; dissymmetry and depolarization were obtained using
      regression analysis. These parameters may serve as standards of normal lenses to
      which similar parameters of cataractous lenses can be compared. Relationships
      between back scatter and forward scatter have been established using the
      regression coefficients. Thus, the light scattering intensity observed in the
      slit lamp (at 135 degrees back scatter) can be quantitatively related to the
      light reaching the retina at different angular displacements.

PMID- 4029281
TI  - Effect of adriamycin on experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the
      rabbit.
AB  - The cell injection model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in the rabbit
      was used to study the therapeutic value of intravitreal adriamycin (doxorubicin).
      Adriamycin in a dose of 10 nmol per eye, if injected at the same time as the
      cells, controls PVR. At the cell doses used, PVR is not affected if there is a
      time interval between cell and drug injection. Because of retinal toxicity, as
      evidenced by electroretinographic and histopathologic changes, the beneficial
      effects of adriamycin on membrane formation cannot be exploited at this time.

PMID- 4029282
TI  - Characteristics of 45Ca uptake by the rabbit lens.
AB  - Lens 45Ca uptake was shown to increase when the external calcium concentration
      was less than 1 mM, suggesting that calcium ions themselves are able to interact
      with lens membranes in a way that influences the mechanism of calcium
      permeability. Strontium ions, added to a calcium-deficient bathing solution, were
      shown to attenuate the increased 45Ca uptake by the lens. There was no evidence
      for extracellular binding of calcium. Lens membrane permeability to calcium
      appeared not to be voltage-dependent since 45Ca uptake was not affected when the
      lens was depolarized by high potassium solutions. Calcium channel blockers were
      shown not to reduce the increased calcium leak resulting from exposure of the
      lens to a calcium-deficient medium.

PMID- 4029283
TI  - Role of hydrogen peroxide in riboflavin-sensitized photodynamic damage to
      cultured rat lenses.
AB  - Previous reports have differed on whether hydrogen peroxide or free radicals are
      the principal toxic species responsible for photodynamic damage to intact lenses
      cultured in medium with riboflavin, light and oxygen. To differentiate between
      hydrogen peroxide and free radicals, TC-199 medium containing 50 microM
      riboflavin was incubated in visible light prior to adding the lenses. After 4 hr
      the medium was placed in the dark, rat lenses, [3H]-choline and 86Rb were added,
      and the lenses were cultured for 4 hr. Damage to the lenses was evaluated by
      measuring the accumulation of choline and Rb. Lenses cultured in previously
      irradiated medium accumulated less choline and Rb than lenses in control medium,
      indicating that in the presence of light, riboflavin generates a stable factor
      which is toxic to lenses. The lens damage was similar to that caused by direct
      exposure of lenses to riboflavin and light for 4 hr. This toxicity was blocked by
      catalase, and was presumed to be caused by hydrogen peroxide. Because of their
      short lifetime in solution, photochemically generated free radicals could not
      have been present in the dark after the lenses were added. Rose bengal, a
      photosensitizer which is thought to form singlet oxygen, did not generate a
      stable toxic factor in the culture medium and damaged lenses only if they were
      present during the exposure to light. The hydrogen peroxide concentration in
      riboflavin-containing medium after 4 hr exposure to light was approximately 200
      microM, whereas rose bengal generated less than 10 microM hydrogen
      peroxide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029284
TI  - Light scattering of whole excised human cataractous lenses. Relationships between
      different light scattering parameters.
AB  - The light scattering intensities of 27 cataractous human lenses were obtained as
      a function of scattering angle. Unpolarized white light (tungsten) and polarized
      light of Hg lamp at 435.8 and 546.1 nm were used in the I parallel and I+ modes.
      Selected light scattering parameters such as relative scattering intensities
      (I45/I0), dissymmetry ratio (I135/I45) and depolarization ratios
      (I45/I0)+/(I45/I0) parallel were correlated with the age of lens with percent
      transmission using regression analysis. Excess scattering functions were
      calculated that quantitatively describe the quality of lens. These excess
      functions were also correlated with other scattering parameters. A method which
      can be used to estimate the light intensity that reaches the retina at different
      scattering angles for a cataractous lens once the back scatter intensity (slit
      lamp examination) is known is given.

PMID- 4029285
TI  - A morphologic and morphometric analysis of the aqueous outflow system of the
      developing cat eye.
AB  - The cellular and tissue changes accompanying the development and growth of the
      aqueous outflow system of the cat were investigated by quantitative light
      microscopy and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. As in primates,
      the trabecular beams and sheets of the cat aqueous outflow system developed by
      reorganization of cells and extracellular matrix within the tissue filling the
      anterior chamber angle recess. Enlargement and coalescence of intercellular
      spaces gave rise to intertrabecular channels. From 3 to 9 days after birth,
      communications were established between the anterior chamber and intertrabecular
      spaces by perforation and resorption of tissue which initially covered the angle
      apex and appeared to be a peripheral extension of Descement's membrane and the
      corneal endothelium. Macrophage-like cells could be involved in this process. A
      rapid increase in the volume of the intertrabecular spaces and in the number of
      trabecular cells coincided with the opening of the trabecular meshwork to the
      anterior chamber. The trabecular meshwork grew 150-fold in volume from birth to
      adulthood, mainly as a result of a similar-fold expansion of its connective
      tissue components. The volume of the intertrabecular spaces increased 24-fold and
      trabecular cell number increased 14-fold during this same period. The
      disproportionate increase in volume of the various components of the trabecular
      meshwork was responsible for the decreased cell density and rarefaction displayed
      by this tissue as development progressed. Development of the aqueous outflow
      system of the cat is thus a complex, but highly co-ordinated, process, that
      depends on continued proliferation of cells and extracellular matrix, a
      progressive ordering of these components, and selective atrophy and removal of
      specific tissue components.

PMID- 4029286
TI  - The photolysis of lens fiber membranes.
AB  - Calf lens fiber membranes were photolyzed in the presence and absence of
      sensitizers and scavengers. Photolytic damage was assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, UV and fluorescence spectra and amino acid analyses. With
      irradiation, there is an apparent polymerization of the major membrane
      polypeptide (MP26) and the formation of material which does not enter SDS
      polyacrylamide gels. Some degradation was also observed. These changes are
      accompanied by losses of histidine and tryptophan and changes in the UV spectra.
      The rate of photolysis is enhanced in the presence of the glucoside of 3
      hydroxykynurenine (3-OH-KYN), a compound endogenous to the lens. The reaction is
      retarded in the presence of sulfhydryl-containing compounds such as glutathione.

PMID- 4029287
TI  - Cataracts in the Royal College of Surgeons rat: evidence for initiation by lipid
      peroxidation products.
AB  - The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat has been extensively studied as a model
      system for inherited retinal degeneration. As in a number of human retinal
      degenerative diseases, posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) are associated with
      the retinal changes. It has been hypothesized recently that such cataracts may be
      initiated by toxic products generated by the peroxidation of polyunsaturated
      lipid components from degenerating photoreceptor outer segments. In the present
      study, the possibility that such a mechanism might be responsible for cataract
      initiation in the RCS rat has been investigated. The degeneration of the rod
      outer segments (ROS) occurs rapidly in these animals, beginning a few weeks after
      birth. Due to the failure of the retinal pigmented epithelium to phagocytize
      normally, ROS degeneration is accompanied by an accumulation of debris in the
      eye. During the brief period of maximal debris accumulation there is a marked
      increase in lipid peroxidation products in the vitreous. Cataract formation is
      correlated temporally with these events, becoming evident immediately following
      the time during which peroxidation products are present in the vitreous. In
      addition, the primary damage detected in the RCS lenses is an increase in the
      passive permeability of the lens membranes. Similar lens damage has been found in
      studies in which normal rat lenses were exposed to degenerating ROS in vitro.
      These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cataracts in the RCS rat
      may be initiated by toxic lipid peroxidation products.

PMID- 4029288
TI  - Purification and characterization of two vascular endothelium effectors from
      fetal bovine retina, vitreous and serum.
AB  - The purification and characterization of uridine and thymidine, two previously
      isolated vascular endothelium effectors, are described. These two effectors were
      purified from all dialyzable fractions of fetal bovine serum (FBS), vitreous, and
      retina. The present study demonstrates the stimulatory characteristic of uridine
      and thymidine on the proliferation of aortic endothelial cells. The stimulation
      appears to link to their utilization by the cells in a dialyzed FBS-dependent
      manner. In the presence of optimal concentrations of uridine (10 microM),
      thymidine (0.8 microM), and dialyzed FBS (3 mg ml-1), a markedly enhanced
      vascular endothelial cell proliferation is attainable; uridine and thymidine
      alone had no significant stimulatory effect. The presence of both nucleosides,
      however, increased the concentration of dialyzed FBS required for half-maximum
      proliferation activity of fetal bovine aortic endothelial cells and also
      increased maximum activity. Studies with fetal bovine aortic endothelial cells
      showed that the activity of uridine kinase in the cells was activated by dialyzed
      FBS, but not by uridine and thymidine. Uridine and thymidine exerted no marked
      stimulatory effect on Balb/c 3T3, Swiss 3T3, and SV-T2 as noted with endothelial
      cells. The significance of the present findings to the proliferation of vascular
      endothelial cells in the retina is discussed.

PMID- 4029289
TI  - In vitro functions of stromal cells from human and mouse bone marrow.
AB  - Human fibroblastoid cell strains obtained from primary bone marrow cultures and
      continuous stromal cell lines recently derived from mouse bone marrow were
      studied. The incidence of fibroblastoid precursors (CFU-F) varied considerably in
      human bone marrow samples, and no differences could be detected between marrows
      from a group of myelodysplastic patients (age range 70-82 years) and groups of
      age-matched controls or younger individuals. A lack of direct correlation between
      initial clonogenicity and ultimate capacity of fibroblastoid cells to grow in
      continuous culture was observed in both the normal and the myelodysplastic
      groups. Despite the apparently normal clonogenicity of CFU-F in patients with
      myelodysplastic syndromes, some of these marrows failed to grow when subcultured.
      Normal fibroblastoid cells at 10(4) per culture exhibited myelopoietic activities
      when cocultured with fresh bone marrow cells. At higher concentrations, these
      cells inhibited myeloid colony formation. Fibroblastoid cells from only one out
      of four myelodysplastic patients examined exhibited comparable inhibitory
      activity. The specificity of the inhibitor(s) was demonstrated by the lack of
      effect of fibroblastoid cells from normal human bone marrow on the clonogenicity
      of mouse erythroleukemia cells. Moreover, human foreskin fibroblasts were devoid
      of such inhibitory activity. These functions of cultured stromal cells may
      correlate with some of their activities in the bone marrow microenvironment.

PMID- 4029290
TI  - Effects of androgen on transient endogenous spleen colonies and other hemopoietic
      stem cells in mice.
AB  - To clarify the effects of androgen on hemopoiesis in mice, we investigated
      changes in hemopoietic stem cells at various stages of differentiation after
      injection of 19-nandrolone decanoate (19-ND). 19-ND induced (a) a marked increase
      in the population of CFUe, especially in the spleen, and (b) a less significant
      increase in the number of CFUs, GM-CFC, and BFUe. The number of endogenous spleen
      colonies developed transiently on day 4 after irradiation (TE-CFU) increased
      significantly, and the initiation and induction of erythropoietic maturation was
      enhanced. Growth of the pluripotent stem cells (CFUs) assessed by endogenous
      spleen colony formation was influenced more than was the population size.
      Production of erythropoietin (Ep) in mice was not affected by the treatment with
      19-ND. These results indicate that 19-ND affects mature precursors in erythroid
      cell lineage rather than pluripotent stem cells and that the effect is unlikely
      to be induced through an increase in the production of Ep.

PMID- 4029291
TI  - Murine eosinophil granulocyte proliferation kinetics in acute and chronic
      eosinophilia.
AB  - Eosinophil proliferation kinetics have been determined by examining fraction
      labeled mitoses (FLM) curves in femoral marrow of mice stimulated for eosinophil
      production. Mice with marrow eosinophilopoiesis increased as a result of
      infection with the parasite Schistosoma mansoni exhibited eosinophil cycle
      durations of 22 h. This time is not different from normal rates of murine
      eosinophil cell cycles. Acutely stimulated mice, however, with a rapid
      eosinophilia initiated by rechallenge with a soluble schistosome egg antigen
      preparation, had marrow eosinophil proliferative cycles of about 10 h. The long
      duration of eosinophil cell cycles in mice with an extensive commitment to the
      production of large numbers of eosinophil granulocytes suggests that several
      mechanisms regulate expansions of eosinophil granulocytopoiesis in vivo by
      hemopoietic marrow.

PMID- 4029292
TI  - Long-term perturbation of hemopoiesis after moderate damage to stem cells.
AB  - Hematological indices of BDF1 mice characterizing regeneration in a complex
      fashion (peripheral cell counts, bone marrow CFU-S, GM-CFU, CFU-F, and the
      turnover state of bone marrow CFU-S) were followed periodically for 11-14 weeks
      after 0.5 Gy acute gamma irradiation in order to obtain detailed information
      about the nonsteady state of murine hemopoiesis after moderate damage to stem
      cells, demonstrated in our previous experiments. Virtually complete hematological
      regeneration was followed by long-term increase in the proliferation rate of CFU
      S, oscillation in some parameters (granulocyte count, CFU-S level) or an
      overshooting, sometimes multiwavelike regeneration in others (reticulocyte count,
      thrombocyte count, and GM-CFU and CFU-F levels). These data suggest a long-term
      perturbation of hemopoiesis and its environment after moderate damage to the bone
      marrow.

PMID- 4029293
TI  - Size and density characterization of human committed and multipotent
      hematopoietic progenitors.
AB  - Physical characterization of human blood and bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic
      precursors is necessary for the design of adequate techniques to isolate these
      cells for experimental and possible clinical use. Elutriation and continuous
      Percoll gradient were used to define the size and density of committed (CFU-GM,
      BFU-E, and CFU-E) and multipotent (CFU-MIX) progenitors on paired BM and blood
      samples from normal donors. Cells were initially prepared over Ficoll-Hypaque
      (specific gravity 1.077 g/cm3). Elutriation was performed on a Beckman JE-6B
      rotor with a standard chamber at 2000 rpm using flow rates of 7-23 ml/min.
      Percoll gradients were centered at 1.070 g/cm3 using ultracentrifugation. Cell
      density was determined using marker beads. Density was slightly higher for BM
      than for blood progenitors of the same class. Progenitor sizes (proportionate to
      elutriation flow rate) were similar in BM and blood. CFU-MIX, BFU-E, and CFU-GM
      coseparated in blood and BM; CFU-E (BM) were larger and more dense than other BM
      progenitors. BM and blood E-rosette-positive cells were separated more
      effectively by size than by density. The similarity in size and small differences
      in density between blood and BM progenitors may allow adaption of blood
      separation techniques (apheresis) to processing of BM for cryopreservation and/or
      in vitro treatment. Similarly, the ability to separate T cells from progenitors
      in blood by elutriation (albeit only partially), as has been described for BM,
      may help in the modification of existing apheresis techniques to achieve such
      separations.

PMID- 4029294
TI  - Tritiated thymidine incorporation into canine cyclic hematopoietic bone marrow in
      vitro.
AB  - To investigate changes in the proliferative activity of bone marrow cells in
      canine cyclic hematopoiesis, nonadherent cells were incubated for 1 h with
      tritiated thymidine either immediately after the cultures were established or
      following an 18-h preincubation period. The data suggest that changes in
      thymidine incorporation show a 12- to 14-day cycle that consists of two distinct
      phases. During the first six days of the cycle (from peripheral neutropenia to
      relative neutrophilia), two peaks of incorporation were observed. During the
      second phase (corresponding to the neutrophilia and oncoming neutropenia),
      thymidine incorporation was uniformly lower than control values. The change from
      an apparently cyclical process to a low stable value occurred after the wave of
      marrow myelopoiesis and close to a time point (days 8-10 of the cycle) at which
      we have recently suggested significant changes in cell release and/or
      proliferation take place. The data can be interpreted in the context of a
      periphery-to-stem-cell feedback loop through an intermediate cell population,
      probably of myeloid precursors.

PMID- 4029295
TI  - Effects of marrow storage at 4 degrees C on the subsequent generation of long
      term marrow cultures.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of marrow preservation at
      4 degrees C on subsequent long-term culture, which evaluates both hematopoietic
      precursor cells and hematopoietic microenvironmental cells. Storage of
      unfractionated marrow was superior to storage of buffy-coat cells in tissue
      culture medium with 20% fetal calf serum. CFU-C recovery in unfractionated marrow
      was 48.4% at four days and 21.4% at seven days. Long-term marrow cultures from
      cells stored at 4 degrees C for up to seven days produced CFU-C for up to seven
      weeks and established confluent marrow stromal cell layers. Suspension cultures
      of marrow cells preserved at 4 degrees C for seven days cultured with irradiated
      allogeneic marrow stromal cell layers from normal long-term marrow cultures
      showed significantly increased CFU-C production from week 2 to week 5 when
      compared with the control cultures without adherent cell layers. These data
      suggest that marrow storage at 4 degrees C for up to seven days preserves early
      hematopoietic precursor cells and microenvironmental cells and may be used for
      autologous rescue from marrow ablative therapy.

PMID- 4029296
TI  - Detection of nonrandom clustering of colonies in agar culture.
AB  - We report a quantitative method for the detection of clustering in agar cultures.
      A statistical model was constructed on the assumption that colony formation by a
      cell in agar culture was independent of its spatial relationship to other cells
      in the culture. Deviation from this model was then tested by a chi-squared test
      of the actual observations compared with values obtained from the model. This
      method provides a technique that will identify interactions between cells of like
      or unlike type. Using a cell line with an extremely high cloning frequency, we
      show that the assumptions of the method are valid. Two situations are examined in
      which there was a suggestion of colony clustering on observational grounds. In
      both cases the test confirmed this impression and allowed us to analyze the
      possible causes of this behavior. We believe that this method will be of value in
      the identification of as yet unknown growth factors or cell-cell interactions.

PMID- 4029297
TI  - Spatial interactions in the rhesus monkey retina: a behavioural study using the
      Westheimer paradigm.
AB  - For two trained rhesus monkeys, increment thresholds for a small test-spot of 100
      ms duration were determined as a function of background size, at 10 retinal
      eccentricities along the horizontal meridian. Typical 'Westheimer-functions' were
      obtained, i.e. threshold first increases with increasing background size, reaches
      a maximum, then decreases with further increasing backgrounds and finally reaches
      a plateau. With increasing retinal eccentricities, the position of the peak of
      the functions is shifted towards larger background sizes, indicating an increase
      of perceptive field centre size from 0.25 degrees at 5 degrees eccentricity to
      1.5 degrees at 40 degrees eccentricity. The perceptive field centres tend to be
      slightly smaller in the nasal retina. Total perceptive field sizes, as indicated
      by the beginnings of the plateaus, increase from about 1 degree near the fovea to
      about 3 degrees at 40 degrees eccentricity. The perceptive field centre sizes of
      two human observers, tested under the same experimental conditions, closely
      resemble those of the monkeys. The total perceptive fields are larger in the
      human subjects. The retinal ganglion cells determining threshold in this
      experiment are most likely the broad-band cells. The agreement between the
      behaviourally determined perceptive field centre sizes and the receptive field
      centre sizes of broadband cells (measured by DeMonasterio and Gouras 1975) is
      excellent. The dendritic fields of P-alpha-ganglion cells, most likely the
      morphological substrates of the broad-band cells (Perry, Oehler and Cowey 1984)
      are somewhat smaller at all eccentricities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029298
TI  - Autogenetic reflex action in tibialis anterior compared with that in soleus
      muscle in the decerebrate cat.
AB  - The regulatory actions of autogenetic reflex pathways on the mechanical
      properties of an ankle flexor (tibialis anterior) and an extensor (soleus) in the
      premammillary decerebrate cat were studied. The two muscle were isolated in the
      same cat and each was stretched during its separate activation. The yield in
      stiffness shown by areflexive muscles during stretch was largely compensated for
      in tibialis anterior as well as in soleus by reflex action. Resultant (total)
      stiffness varied by less than a factor of two over a wide range of contractile
      forces in the two muscles. Further, resultant stiffness increased as stretch
      amplitude decreased in both muscles, but the variation was less for TA. In most
      preparations, the resultant stiffness in soleus was significantly larger than the
      resultant stiffness of tibialis anterior. It is concluded that autogenetic
      reflexes govern the mechanical properties of both flexors and extensors. In
      addition, the extensor bias in the decerebrate preparation is due not only to
      greater activation in extensors but to a greater resultant stiffness as well.

PMID- 4029299
TI  - Photoreceptor inputs to cat lateral geniculate nucleus cells.
AB  - The spectral sensitivities of single on- and off-centre, brisk sustained and
      brisk transient cells recorded from the A laminae of the lateral geniculate
      nucleus (LGNd) in cats anaesthetised with nitrous oxide and oxygen supplemented
      with halothane were measured under photopic and mesopic achromatic adapting
      conditions. All cells possessed spectral sensitivity functions with a single peak
      at about 556 nm under photopic conditions. Intense chromatic adapting fields
      superimposed on the photopic background affected neither the shape of the
      spectral sensitivity functions nor the position of the peak wavelength. Under
      mesopic adapting conditions cells possessed spectral sensitivities with two
      peaks, one at 507 nm and one at 556 nm. These results are interpreted as
      suggesting that the cells of the A laminae of the LGNd receive inputs from rods
      with maximum sensitivity at 507 nm and a single class of cones maximally
      sensitive at 556 nm.

PMID- 4029300
TI  - Excitability of reciprocal and recurrent inhibitory pathways after voluntary
      muscle relaxation in man.
AB  - We studied the potential contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms to the
      depression of reflex excitability which occurs immediately after a voluntary
      release from tonic muscle contraction. The excitability of the Soleus (Sol) motor
      pool was tested at rest and after voluntary muscle relaxation. In both cases the
      Sol H-reflex was conditioned by a single shock to the peroneal nerve, in order to
      activate the Ia interneurones (INs) mediating the reciprocal inhibition via a
      peripheral input, or by a short-lasting voluntary contraction of the Tibialis
      Anterior (TA) muscle, to activate the Ia INs via a central command. Changes in
      excitability of Renshaw cells were also tested at rest and after release, to
      assess the role of recurrent inhibition in the release-induced inhibition of the
      Sol H-reflex. It was demonstrated that: the excitability of the INs mediating the
      reciprocal inhibition was only slightly enhanced in comparison with resting
      conditions; the H-reflex of the antagonist muscle (TA) evoked after Sol release
      was not consistently facilitated with respect to rest; the command to contract
      the TA muscle reduced the H-reflex of the Sol muscle during rest but not after
      Sol release; recurrent inhibition did not increase its effect in the post-release
      period. Such features suggest that recurrent and reciprocal post-synaptic
      inhibitions do not play a major role in reducing the reflex excitability of a
      relaxing muscle; rather, the command to release prevents the reciprocal
      inhibitory effect which accompanies the contraction of the antagonist
      muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029301
TI  - Cell formation in the motor nucleus and mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal
      nerve of rats made hypothyroid by propylthiouracil.
AB  - Neurogenesis in the motor and mesencephalic nuclei of the trigeminal nerve was
      examined using autoradiographic techniques. Two groups of pregnant rats (control
      and experimental) were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H thymidine
      in an overlapping series starting from day nine of gestation in order to label in
      their progeny, the dividing precursor of neurons of the motor nucleus and
      mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Control group of rats was raised
      on a standard diet, while the experimental group was made hypothyroid by
      propylthiouracil (PTU). At postnatal ages ranging between 20-30 days in the pups
      of both the control group and experimental group, the percentage of cells
      labelled and the proportion of cells added during each embryonic day were
      determined quantitatively throughout the rostro-caudal extent for both motor and
      mesencephalic nuclei. The neurons of the mesencephalic nucleus undergo their
      final cell divisions between gestational days 9 and 10 (E9 and E10). More than
      80% of the population is generated by E10. The neurons of the motor nucleus
      undergo their final cell divisions between E9 and E11, and nearly 88% of the
      cells is generated by E11. In the thyroid deficient rats, in both nuclear
      centers, only 61% of the cells is generated by E12, and labelled cells are
      observed even as late as E18 and E19. In the hypothyroid state, there is a
      significant lengthening of the proliferative period. On the basis of absolute
      datings and duration of neuron production, it is postulated that in normal
      development, thyroid hormone determines the duration of the proliferative period,
      and push cells into the differentiative phase by taking them out of the
      proliferative phase.

PMID- 4029302
TI  - Resistance to extinction after schedules of partial delay or partial
      reinforcement in rats with hippocampal lesions.
AB  - Two experimental procedures were employed to establish the reason why hippocampal
      lesions apparently block the development of tolerance for aversive events in
      partial reinforcement experiments, but do not do so in partial punishment
      experiments. Rats were trained to run in a straight alley following hippocampal
      lesions (HC), cortical control lesions (CC) or sham operations (SO), and
      resistance to extinction was assessed following differing acquisition conditions.
      In Experiment 1 a 4-8 min inter-trial interval (ITI) was used. Either every
      acquisition trial was rewarded immediately (Continuous Reinforcement, CR), or
      only a randomly selected half of the trials were immediately rewarded, the reward
      being delayed for thirty seconds on the other trials (Partial Delay, PD). This
      delay procedure produced increased resistance to extinction in rats in all lesion
      groups. In Experiment 2 the ITI was reduced to a few seconds, and rats were
      trained either on a CR schedule, or on a schedule in which only half the trials
      were rewarded (Partial Reinforcement, PR). This form of partial reinforcement
      procedure also produced increased resistance to extinction in rats in all lesion
      groups. It thus appears that hippocampal lesions only prevent the development of
      resistance to aversive events when the interval between aversive and subsequent
      appetitive events exceeds some minimum value.

PMID- 4029303
TI  - Reflex actions of muscle afferents on fusimotor innervation in decerebrated cats:
      an assessment of beta contributions.
AB  - The existence of beta innervation in many cat muscles raises the possibility that
      spindle afferent discharge will excite beta motoneurons, augmenting spindle
      afferent discharge and thereby closing a positive feedback loop. In order to
      evaluate the strength of such a loop through beta motoneurons and muscle
      spindles, the stretch responses of muscle spindle afferents from medial
      gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SOL) muscles were studied in decerebrated cats
      before and after dorsal root section. If a positive feedback loop were
      operational, the spindle afferent stretch response should be diminished following
      dorsal root section by an amount related to the magnitude of positive feedback.
      After dorsal root section, the static positional sensitivities of our MG spindle
      afferent sample were significantly reduced for 72% (13/18, p less than 0.05) of
      the afferents, and dynamic rate/length slopes were decreased for 88% (8/9) of a
      subset of the afferents studied. Similar reductions for 6 afferents from SOL were
      not found. To apportion these afferent changes to reflex excitation of either
      gamma or beta motoneurons, we recorded the stretch responses of gamma and alpha
      type fibers in the same preparation. (We assume that the population of alpha-type
      fibers includes beta fibers). In keeping with other reports, alpha fibers were
      much more responsive to stretch than gamma fibers. The mean positional
      sensitivity for alpha fibers (1.29 +/- 0.92 pps/mm, n = 15) was greater (p less
      than 0.05) than that of gamma fibers (0.49 +/- 0.93 pps/mm, n = 18). Because of
      these differences in sensitivity, beta motoneurons are more likely (than gamma
      motoneurons) to be involved in a positive feedback loop, although some gamma
      contribution is also likely. Using equations based on a beta position regulating
      scheme, differences in spindle positional sensitivity were used to estimate beta
      loop gain. The average loop gain was estimated to be 0.41 (n = 18). The
      contribution of such a beta configuration to reducing the sensitivity of muscle
      to changes in load and muscle properties is evaluated.

PMID- 4029304
TI  - Deafferentation of oculomotor proprioception affects depth discrimination in
      adult cats.
AB  - Depth discrimination was tested behaviourally in adult cats prior to and after
      chronic section of the ophthalmic branch of the Vth cranial nerve, that contains
      the majority of oculomotor proprioceptive fibers. Binocular depth discrimination
      was considerably impaired following either unilateral or bilateral oculomotor
      proprioceptive deafferentation.

PMID- 4029305
TI  - A comparison of the effects of superior collicular ablation in infant and adult
      rats.
AB  - Rats sustaining damage to the superior colliculus in infancy or adulthood and
      sham-operated controls were tested on two tasks requiring visual orienting to
      'unexpected' and 'expected' stimuli, respectively. Experiment 1 measured the
      distracting effect of novel visual and auditory stimuli presented while the
      animals traversed a familiar runway. Control rats oriented to the distracting
      stimulus and had lengthened running times on the trials where it was presented.
      Rats with lesions of the superior colliculus were less distracted by the
      appearance of unexpected stimuli than sham operated controls but the severity of
      this effect depended on modality, and on age at operation. Experiment 2 examined
      the same animals' ability to detect and respond to a small and expected light
      that appeared at randomly determined positions around the perimeter of a chamber
      while the rat was at the centre. Filmed records and analyses of response
      latencies and errors showed that at low stimulus intensities, the active
      exploration shown particularly by infant-operated animals resulted in performance
      that was superior to that of adult-operated animals and, at least in terms of
      error rate, sham-operated controls. It is concluded that unusual behavioural
      strategies can explain all the differences between the animals operated at
      different ages. There was no evidence that novel projections from the retina were
      responsible.

PMID- 4029306
TI  - Combined grafts of the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens in oculo.
      Histochemical and electrophysiological characterization.
AB  - Dissection techniques and optimal donor stages have been established for
      constructing an isolated intraocular model of the ventral tegmental area (VTA)
      accumbens system using intraocular sequential grafting. Single grafts including
      accumbens and VTA respectively survived and developed many organotypic features
      when taken from 15-17 day fetuses. Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry
      showed dopamine neurons and terminals in single VTA grafts, no or almost no
      catecholamine fibers in single accumbens grafts, and a well-developed VTA
      accumbens dopamine pathway in combined grafts where cell bodies in the VTA part
      provided the accumbens part with a rich terminal network. A similar distribution
      was found using immunohistochemistry with antibodies directed against tyrosine
      hydroxylase. CCK-like immunoreactivity had a distribution that mimicked that of
      the catecholamine-containing system. Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was found
      both in single VTA and in single accumbens pieces as well as in both parts of the
      double grafts. Cells with long-duration action potentials typical of dopamine
      neurons discharged at approximately 8 Hz in single VTA grafts and below 1 Hz in
      the VTA part of VTA-accumbens double grafts. Cells in the accumbens portion of
      double grafts had shorter action potential durations and fired at 10-20 Hz.
      Haloperidol increased discharge frequency in VTA neurons with long action
      potential durations while apomorphine reduced discharge markedly. Antidromic
      activation of putative dopamine neurons in the VTA part was obtained by
      electrical stimulation of the accumbens part. The indirect dopamine agonist + 3
      methyl-phencyclidine slowed firing rates of neurons in the accumbens part of
      double grafts. Taken together, the histochemical and the electrophysiological
      data show that the intraocular VTA-accumbens system retains several of its normal
      structural and functional characteristics. It is proposed that the isolated VTA
      accumbens projection can be used as a model to study the cellular mechanism of
      action of stimulant and opiate drugs of abuse.

PMID- 4029307
TI  - Projection of a cutaneous nerve to the spinal cord of the pigeon. I. Evoked field
      potentials.
AB  - Evoked field potentials have been recorded from the spinal cord after electrical
      stimulation of a cutaneous nerve in the pigeon. Four different postsynaptic
      negative waves (N1 to N4) could be discerned. These waves were obviously due to
      monosynaptic activation via the four different afferent fiber groups described
      for this cutaneous nerve (Necker and Meinecke 1984). Precise localization showed
      that large fibers project to deeper, medially located areas of the dorsal horn
      (near lamina IV) whereas smaller fibers project primarily to more laterally
      located superficial layers. A laterally recorded N-wave which was due to the
      activation of large fibers had a latency which indicated a disynaptic pathway.

PMID- 4029308
TI  - Projection of a cutaneous nerve to the spinal cord of the pigeon. II. Responses
      of dorsal horn neurons.
AB  - The responses of dorsal horn neurons to both electrical stimulation of a
      cutaneous nerve and natural stimulation of skin receptors have been studied in an
      avian species, the pigeon. Neurons located in either lamina I or lamina IV were
      recorded. Most lamina IV neurons had short-latency responses to electrical
      stimulation of a cutaneous nerve and were activated by stimulation of sensitive
      mechanoreceptors. This points to an input from mechanoreceptors innervated by
      large afferent fibers. Lamina I neurons which were usually located near the
      entrance zone of small fibers had longer latency responses and had often an input
      from several groups of afferent fibers including C-fibers. Many lamina I neurons
      were activated specifically by noxious stimulation. Some had an input from
      sensitive mechanoreceptors but possibly through an additional synapse. A few
      lamina I neurons responded specifically to activation of cold receptors. Some
      dorsal horn neurons showed segmental inhibition. Altogether, the characteristics
      of dorsal horn neurons in the pigeon studied so far were similar to those in
      mammalian species.

PMID- 4029309
TI  - Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 13.
      Corticospinal effects in shoulder, elbow, wrist, and digit motoneurones.
AB  - The effect of corticospinal volleys evoked by stimulation of the contralateral
      pyramid was investigated using intracellular recordings from alpha-motoneurones
      to forelimb muscles. Confirming and extending previous observations (Illert et
      al. 1977, Illert and Wiedemann 1984), short latency EPSPs within a disynaptic
      range were evoked by a train of pyramidal volleys in all varieties of shoulder,
      elbow, wrist and digit motoneurones. The amplitude of pyramidal EPSPs was
      sensitive to the stimulus repetition rate. Maximal amplitudes were observed
      around 2-4 Hz, while at 10 Hz the early EPSP was markedly reduced and the long
      latency EPSP abolished. The persistence of disynaptic EPSPs after a corticospinal
      transection in C5/C6 suggested that, for all types of forelimb motor nuclei,
      disynaptic EPSPs are relayed by C3-C4 propiospinal neurones (PNs) (c.f. Illert et
      al. 1977). The transection, however, caused a clear reduction in the EPSP of all
      motoneurone types. After a ventral lesion of the lateral funicle in C5/C6
      interrupting the axons of the C3-C4 PNs, disynaptic (and possibly trisynaptic)
      EPSPs were evoked by a short train of pyramidal volleys. It is postulated that
      intercalated neurones in a disynaptic cortico-motoneuronal pathway also exist in
      the forelimb segments. Disynaptic pyramidal IPSPs were observed in most types of
      forelimb motor nuclei both before and after a corticospinal transection in C5/C6.
      At all joints, pyramidal excitation dominated in motoneurones to physiological
      flexors, while in extensor motoneurones mixed excitation and inhibition or
      dominant inhibition was common. Comparison of pyramidal effects in slow
      motoneurones (classified according to the after-hyperpolarization duration) to
      the long head of the triceps and anconeus revealed dominant excitation in the
      former and inhibition in the latter. It is suggested that the slow motor units in
      these muscles differ in their function although both muscles are elbow extensors.

PMID- 4029310
TI  - Rearrangements in the retino-geniculate projections of rats following ablation of
      the superior colliculus in infancy.
AB  - The superior colliculus was bilaterally or unilaterally ablated at different
      early postnatal ages in rats. When adult, each rat received a unilateral eye
      injection of Horseradish peroxidase to reveal the crossed and uncrossed retinal
      terminal fields within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Collicular ablation
      in the first seven days after birth, but not thereafter, produced a small hole or
      vacancy within the contralateral retinal terminal field which was occupied by an
      aberrant ipsilateral retinal terminal field. These rearrangements in the retino
      geniculate projections occurred in the caudal quarter of the nucleus dorso
      laterally just beneath the optic tract, solely ipsilateral to the ablated
      colliculus. Possible causes of the formation of these rearrangements are
      discussed, and similarities with other aberrant retinal projections following
      early damage to the visual system are considered.

PMID- 4029311
TI  - Neurogenic inflammation in skin blisters.
AB  - The histology of blisters induced in rats using dry-ice or vacuum applied to the
      hind limb footpad has been examined by light microscopy and indirect fluorescence
      immunohistochemistry for substance P like immunoreactivity. The effects of
      sciatic nerve stimulation on plasma extravasation as determined by estimation of
      Evans Blue content of blister fluid has been examined. Plasma extravasation
      occurs in both blister types following nerve stimulation. Plasma extravasation
      may be induced by substance P released from nerve terminals in the blister wall.
      Vacuum induced blisters have less tissue and nerve damage and therefore less of
      an inflammatory response, but plasma extravasation is greater in thermal
      blisters. Blisters serve as a useful model for the study of neurogenic
      inflammation.

PMID- 4029312
TI  - Role of intralaminar thalamus in gaze mechanisms: evidence from electrical
      stimulation and fiber-sparing lesions in cat.
AB  - Information on eye movement related activity in the internal medullary lamina
      (IML) of the thalamus is consistent with an IML role in the control of eye
      movements, or with its serving to convey information to the forebrain on
      impending events in the oculomotor system. Interpretation is impeded by the fact
      that eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation of the IML might be triggered
      by antidromic activation of projections to the IML from brainstem preoculomotor
      centers. In order to address this issue, thresholds for the elicitation of eye
      movements and cortical recruiting responses (as a marker for IML integrity) were
      studied before and after destruction of IML neuronal populations by the fiber
      sparing neurotoxin ibotenic acid. Experiments were performed in alert cats
      chronically implanted with a scleral search coil for the monitoring of eye
      movements and an electrode-cannula assembly that permitted threshold
      determinations and drug injections at the stimulating site without any movement
      of probes in the tissue. Drastic elevation of the threshold for cortical
      recruiting responses, but not for eye movements following ibotenic acid
      destruction of IML neurons uncomplicated by myelin damage at the site of
      stimulation suggests an antidromic route for eye movements elicited by IML
      stimulation.

PMID- 4029313
TI  - Retinal input to the nucleus of the optic tract of the cat assessed by antidromic
      activation of ganglion cells.
AB  - We have studied the physiological properties of ganglion cells in the retina of
      the cat. The experiments were designed to identify those ganglion cells which
      project to direction-selective cells in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), by
      demonstrating their antidromic activation at low threshold from an electrode in
      the NOT. These ganglion cells presumably provide the retinal drive to the
      optokinetic reflex. Altogether, 11 such ganglion cells were identified in a
      population of 578 cells studied. All 11 were W-cells, with slow-conducting axons.
      Five of the 11 had on-centre direction-selective receptive fields; the other 6
      had a variety of receptive field patterns. Thus, on centre-selective cells form a
      much higher proportion of the retinal input to direction-selective cells in the
      NOT than of the overall ganglion cell population. However, their receptive field
      properties were too varied fully to account for the selectivity of NOT cells for
      horizontal stimulus movement. In summary the retinal input to the NOT appears to
      be formed principally or entirely by W-class ganglion cells, including many which
      are direction selective. It still seems necessary, however, to postulate, some
      non-retinal mechanism to account for all the receptive field properties of
      direction-selective NOT cells.

PMID- 4029314
TI  - Long term modification of cerebellar inhibition after inferior olive
      degeneration.
AB  - The long term effects of inferior olive destruction on the activities of the
      Purkinje cells and their target neurones in the cerebellar nuclei were studied in
      the rat. Careful observations were also made of motor behaviour throughout the
      study. Albino rats were injected with 3-acetylpyridine to produce a neurotoxic
      destruction of the inferior olive and then were used for acute recording
      experiments at 1-2 days, 5-7 days, 12-18 days, 35-38 days, 75-97 days and 230-252
      days. After degeneration of the inferior olive, there was an initial period
      lasting for a few days, characterized by a high firing frequency of Purkinje
      cells associated with a very low level of activity of the neurones in the
      cerebellar nuclei. During this period, there was a deep depression of motor
      activity. A period of adaptation follows during the first month, characterized by
      a slow recovery of the initial firing frequency of the cerebellar units and a
      gradual recovery of spontaneous locomotion; nevertheless the firing pattern and
      motor behaviour remain abnormal. From one month on the unit activities
      disturbances and the motor deficiencies stabilize. The hypothesis is advanced
      that Purkinje cell inhibition on their target neurones, which increases during
      the initial period, gradually diminishes during the adaptation time, and then
      stabilizes to a subnormal state.

PMID- 4029315
TI  - Discriminative phonation in macaques: effects of anterior mesial cortex damage.
AB  - Lesion damage of the anterior midline hemisphere in M. mulatta results in
      impaired discriminative vocal activity. Destruction of the supplementary motor
      area (SMA) or pre-SMA greatly increases vocal response latency without similar
      changes in a non-vocal response. Discrimination and efficiency in performing the
      vocal and non-vocal responses are unaffected by this damage. The behavioral
      deficit reflects a specific loss in initiating vocal signals.

PMID- 4029316
TI  - Reciprocal Ia inhibition from the peroneal nerve to soleus motoneurones with
      special reference to the size of the test reflex.
AB  - The aim of the study was to examine the supraspinal control during voluntary
      movements of the foot in man, of the Ia inhibitory interneurones activated from
      the anterior tibial muscle and projecting to the soleus alpha-motoneurones.
      Previous studies have reported an increased inhibition of the soleus alpha
      motoneurones by a constant conditioning stimulus to the common peroneal nerve
      during dorsiflexion of the foot. This was interpreted as a sign of supraspinal
      facilitation of the Ia inhibitory interneurones. However, these results could not
      be reproduced in the present study. The contradictory results can probably be
      explained by some important methodological differences in the use of the H-reflex
      technique.

PMID- 4029317
TI  - Pattern ERG in the monkey after section of the optic nerve.
AB  - Electroretinographic responses (ERG) to homogeneous light flashes and to
      alternating gratings were recorded from either eye of monkeys in which one optic
      nerve had been previously sectioned. Three weeks after optic nerve section the
      ERG response of the operated eye to alternating gratings was drastically reduced
      in amplitude and 5 weeks after surgery it was reduced to noise level. The uniform
      field ERG was unaffected. Histological examination of whole-mounted retinas of
      monkeys sacrificed 6 and 8 weeks after optic nerve section showed a loss of
      ganglion cells in the operated eye. It is concluded that the integrity of
      ganglion cells is essential for the generation of a normal ERG response to
      gratings.

PMID- 4029318
TI  - The hemispheric distribution of the transient rat VEP: a comparison of flash and
      pattern stimulation.
AB  - We investigated the hemispheric distribution of the rat visual evoked potential
      (VEP) to pattern reversal and flash stimuli, presented monocularly at a rate of 1
      Hz. Pattern VEP components could be recorded only over an area bounded by the
      anatomical coordinates of area 17, while some flash VEP components were
      recordable outside the primary visual area. Monocular pattern stimulation, as
      expected, evoked dominant contralateral VEPs. Surprisingly, ipsilateral responses
      could be also recorded with the reference electrode near the nasal bone. These
      VEPs showed partial polarity inversion compared to the contralateral EPs. To
      assess the origin of the ipsilateral EPs, we also recorded EPs following surgical
      deafferentation of the ipsilateral cortex. Our data reveal that ipsilateral VEPs
      represent volume conducted potentials.

PMID- 4029320
TI  - Isometric torque-angle relationship and movement-related activity of human elbow
      flexors: implications for the equilibrium-point hypothesis.
AB  - Since the moment arms for the elbow-flexor muscles are longest at intermediate
      positions of the elbow and shorter at the extremes of the range of motion, it was
      expected that the elbow torque would also show a peak at an intermediate angle
      provided the activity of the flexor muscles remained constant. We measured the
      isometric elbow torque at different elbow angles while the subject attempted to
      keep constant the electromyographic activity (EMG) of the brachioradialis muscle.
      The torque-angle relationship thus obtained exhibited a peak, as expected, but
      the shape of the relationship varied widely among subjects. This was due in part
      to differences in the variation of the biceps brachii EMG with elbow angle among
      the different subjects. The implications of these observations for the
      equilibrium-point hypothesis of movement were investigated as follows. The
      subject performed elbow movements in the presence of an external torque (which
      tended to extend the elbow joint) provided by a weight-and-pulley arrangement. We
      found in the case of flexion movements that invariably there was a transient
      increase in flexor EMG, as would seem necessary for initiating the movement.
      However, the steady-state EMG after the movement could be greater or less than
      the pre-movement EMG. Specifically, the least flexor EMG was required for
      equilibrium in the intermediate range of elbow angles, compared to the extremes
      of the range of motion. The EMG-angle relationship, however, varied with the
      muscle and the subject. The observation that the directions of change in the
      transient and the steady-state EMG are independent of each other militates
      against the generality of the equilibrium-point hypothesis. However, a form of
      the hypothesis which includes the effects of the stretch reflex is not
      contradicted by this observation.

PMID- 4029319
TI  - Enhancement of visual responses of area 7 neurons by electrical pre-conditioning
      stimulation of LP-pulvinar nuclei of the monkey.
AB  - The characteristics of visually evoked unit responses in area PG of the
      infraparietal lobule were studied in the awake trained Rhesus monkey. These
      responses are shown to be significantly modified by pairing the visual stimulus
      with pre-conditioning stimulation of targets in the LP Pulvinar complex. Pre
      conditioning stimuli were either single pulses, or a 50 ms train of pulses at 100
      Hz delivered through bipolar electrodes 20 ms prior to, simultaneously with, or
      50 ms following the visual stimulus. In some cases, modifications of the visual
      responses appeared as more massive discharges; in others they became bursts of
      constant latencies, pattern and duration, that contained high frequency
      discharges. A pre-conditioning single stimulus delivered simultaneously to a few
      sites in the LP, medial and lateral pulvinar was more effective than stimulation
      at a single electrode site, and produced an enhancement that appeared like an
      additive effect of several inputs. In the enhanced condition, repetition of
      single pulse preconditioning stimulation resulted in a considerable build-up of
      the enhancement. A pre-conditioning train of stimuli delivered during enhancement
      resulted in a further increase in the constancy of response durations and
      patterns. These changes, lasting as long as five minutes, manifested hysteresis:
      when recovery was allowed without any pre-conditioning stimulation, the various
      response patterns appeared in a reverse order. It is proposed that this
      dependence of the responses on the neural state is based on a complex network of
      inputs to cells of area 7.

PMID- 4029321
TI  - Effects of nitrous oxide on the functional characteristics of cells in the
      extrastriate cortex of the cat.
AB  - The directional preferences, receptive field areas, peristimulus-time (PST)
      histograms and spontaneous activities of 112 feline visual cortical (area 18)
      cells were studied before, during, and after the administration of nitrous oxide.
      These cellular characteristics were altered by nitrous oxide inhalation; some
      quite substantially. The data indicate that the functional characteristics of
      cortical visual cells, such as the receptive field and the directional
      preference, are variable; and, among other factors, depend also on the
      anaesthetic administered to the animal.

PMID- 4029322
TI  - Rapid goal-directed elbow flexion movements: limitations of the speed control
      system due to neural constraints.
AB  - In rapid goal-directed elbow flexion movements the influence of both movement
      amplitude and inertial load on the three-burst pattern and the consequences on
      movement time were studied. Subjects performed visually guided, self-paced
      movements as rapidly and as accurately as possible. An increase of both the
      movement amplitude and the inertial load were found to be interacting factors for
      the modulation of the three-burst-pattern and movement time. The first biceps
      burst progressively increased in duration and amplitude for larger movements,
      resulting in prolonged movement times. Surplus inertial loads further prolonged
      the agonist burst for large, but not for small movement amplitudes. The activity
      of the antagonist burst, in contrast, was largest in small movements and
      successively decreased at increasing movement amplitudes. Its duration, however,
      remained fairly constant. As was similarly observed for the agonist burst,
      surplus inertial loads lead to a prolongation of antagonist burst duration and an
      small movement amplitudes. It is suggested that in elbow flexion movements the
      programming of fastest goal-directed movements must take into account neural
      constraints and biomechanical characteristics of the agonist muscle and the
      antagonist muscle. Due to neural constraints of the biceps muscle, in contrast to
      finger movements, the concept of movement time invariance does not hold for elbow
      movements. Furthermore, neural constraints of the antagonist muscle lead to a
      limited force production of the agonist muscle at small movement amplitudes in
      order to avoid an overload of the braking process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4029323
TI  - Motor behavior underlying the control of an upside-down vertical posture.
AB  - The present study examines the control of equilibrium by trained acrobats
      standing balanced upside-down on their hands. The focus of the experiment was to
      analyze the postural attitudes of various body segments and the underlying motor
      activity, and to evaluate the influence of vision. We found a strong correlation
      between the motor activity of two antagonist muscles of the forearm and the
      anteriorposterior position of the center of gravity. The upside-down standing
      posture was most stable when the neck was dorsiflexed, indicating that the tonic
      neck reflex and the tonic labyrinthine reflex play an important role in the
      stability of this posture. Comparison between known data about the normal
      standing posture, on the feet, and the upside-down standing posture, on the
      hands, shows that motor behavior of the two postures is similarly organized.

PMID- 4029324
TI  - The relationship between feline pupil size and luminance.
AB  - The relationships between luminance and height, width or area of the feline pupil
      were investigated in awake, normal adult cats whose pupils were photographed over
      a range of light levels with the aid of electronic flash. The results are
      compared with previous measurements of pupil width and height in awake animals
      (Kappauf 1943); and with estimates of pupil width, height and area in lightly
      anaesthetised cats (Wilcox and Barlow 1975). The implications of these results
      for retinal illumination and colour discrimination are discussed.

PMID- 4029325
TI  - Action of norepinephrine in the dentate gyrus. I. Stimulation of locus coeruleus.
AB  - The effect of stimulating locus coeruleus (LC) on the response of dentate gyrus
      granule cells to medial perforant pathway stimulation was studied in anesthetized
      rats. Field responses were recorded simultaneously at the mid-dendritic and
      granule cell levels. Two types of responses were recorded: those due to the
      synchronous firing of granule cell action potentials (population spikes) and
      those produced by excitatory synaptic activity (evoked synaptic potentials or
      ESPs). Stimulation of LC prior to stimulating the perforant pathway resulted in a
      decrease in the ESP (inward current) measured at the dendrites and, in most
      animals, an increase of the population spike measured at the granule cell level.
      Although LC stimulation decreased the ESP at the dendrites, the ESP at the
      granule cell body level (outward current) was not affected. The changes in
      granule cell responses following LC stimulation are discussed in relation to
      previous findings in freely moving rats.

PMID- 4029327
TI  - The interaction of conflicting retinal motion stimuli in oculomotor control.
AB  - Oculomotor response has been assessed in humans during the presentation of
      conflicting retinal motion stimuli. In the majority of experiments a background
      stimulus was made to move with a constant velocity ramp in one direction followed
      by rapid resets at regular intervals. In the absence of an adequate fixation
      target this ramp-reset stimulus induced a nystagmus with a slow-phase velocity
      and saccadic frequency which remained almost constant as reset frequency was
      increased from 2 to 5 Hz. Moreover, the induced eye velocity could be
      considerably increased if the subject attempted 'active' matching of display
      velocity. During both 'active' and 'passive' responses eye velocity gain reached
      a peak when display velocity was between 2 degrees/s and 5 degrees/s. The
      presence of small stationary targets induced a suppression of the passive ramp
      reset response which was modified by target eccentricity and by tachistoscopic
      target illumination. When subjects pursued a sinusoidally oscillating target
      against a stationary structured background, eye velocity gain was significantly
      less than for pursuit against a blank background. The degree of interaction
      between conflicting stimuli was found to be dependent on their relative size,
      peripheral location and velocity. However, it appears that the human observer is
      able selectively to enhance feedback gain from one particular source in order to
      dominate stimuli from other unwanted sources.

PMID- 4029326
TI  - Action of norepinephrine in the dentate gyrus. II. Iontophoretic studies.
AB  - The effects of iontophoretic application of 1-norepinephrine (NE) and related
      drugs on granule cell responses evoked by a stimulus pulse applied to the medial
      perforant pathway were studied in anesthetized rats. Drugs were applied and
      responses recorded at successive dorso-ventral positions along the dendrites and
      at the cell body layer. 1. Reciprocal actions of alpha and beta receptors were
      revealed in the cell body region. The beta agonist isoproterenol decreased the
      population spike while the beta antagonist sotalol increased it. In contrast, the
      alpha agonists phenylephrine and clonidine increased the population spike whereas
      the alpha antagonist prazosin decreased it. The action of the drugs was rapid,
      dose dependent and reversible. NE itself had no effect when applied in the
      granule cell layer. 2. In contrast to the failure of NE to elicit a short term
      response, and in confirmation of a previous report (Neuman and Harley 1983), the
      prolonged application of NE in the granule cell layer produced a longterm
      enhancement of the population spike. However, this effect was also observed after
      the application of d-NE. 3. NE affected granule cell responses in the middle
      third of the dendrites where it reduced the evoked synaptic potential (ESP,
      current flow produced by excitatory synaptic activity) in a dose-dependent
      manner. Recordings taken simultaneously in the cell body region revealed a
      reduction of the population spike and no change in the ESP at the cell body layer
      (the positive-going ESP reflecting an outward current flow from the cell). In an
      attempt to delineate receptor specificity, a series of alpha and beta agonists
      and antagonists were applied to the mid-dendritic region. All drugs reduced the
      ESP in a manner similar to NE. Such lack of specificity in the action of NE has
      been previously reported in the spinal motoneuron (Engberg et al. 1976; Marshall
      1983). The function of NE in the dentate gyrus is discussed in the light of these
      and previous results.

PMID- 4029328
TI  - Detection of visual stimuli in far periphery by rats: possible role of superior
      colliculus.
AB  - Previous work has been shown that rats with lesions of the superior colliculus
      fail to respond to distracting visual stimuli presented in the peripheral field
      while the animals are running towards a central stimulus. To assess how far this
      peripheral neglect is due to an attentional deficit, rats were trained before
      operation to obtain reward by running towards either peripheral or central lights
      that were presented when the animals' heads were stationary in a known position.
      Response to stimuli presented 120 deg from the midline was severely impaired
      after removal of the superior colliculus: the animals behaved as if they had
      difficulty in detecting the onset of the light. In contrast, response to stimuli
      40 deg from midline was unaffected. Control lesions of striate cortex did not
      significantly impair performance at any position. The finding that collicular
      animals were impaired at responding to stimuli in the far periphery, that were
      not irrelevant distractors but instead predicted reward, suggests that one
      component of the visual neglect produced by damage to the superior colliculus in
      rats may be a sensory deficit in the far peripheral field. In addition,
      comparison with previous results indicates that training to attend to visual
      stimuli in more central regions does improve performance, as would be expected if
      the deficit were an attentional one. It is therefore argued that collicular
      neglect in rats should be regarded as a multicomponent impairment.

PMID- 4029329
TI  - Outbred Sprague-Dawley rats from two breeders exhibit different incidences of
      neuroanatomical abnormalities affecting the primary cerebellar fissure.
AB  - A significant variation in the incidence of alterations in the cellular
      organization along the primary fissure of the cerebellum is observed in outbred
      Sprague-Dawley rats obtained from Hilltop Animal Labs (89.9%) and Charles River
      Canada (34.1%). In this abnormality, there are areas in the depths of the primary
      fissure which lack pial cells, exhibit fusion of the apposing molecular layers,
      and contain ectopic granule cells, often with an associated disorganization of
      the cortical laminae. The extent and incidence of the abnormality can vary
      between individuals and litters, but the general incidence rate for a given
      breeder appears to be consistent over extended breeding cycles. This finding has
      serious implications for the use of outbred animals from different breeders when
      collecting data during the course of an experiment and when comparing and
      replicating data from different laboratories.

PMID- 4029330
TI  - Long term survival of cat retinal ganglion cells after intracranial optic nerve
      transection.
AB  - After intracranial transection of the optic nerve in cats the retinal stump of
      the nerve was injected with HRP. Surviving retinal ganglion cells can be
      retrogradely labeled at least up to 15.5 months of postoperative survival.

PMID- 4029331
TI  - Dynamic properties of fiber bundles from the rat sternomastoid muscle.
AB  - The sternomastoid muscle of the rat can be subdivided into a "white" and "red"
      portion. The red portion predominantly contains type IIA fibers and the white
      portion type IIB fibers. Fiber bundles were dissected from the two parts of the
      muscle and their dynamic properties determined; both showed "fast-twitch" type
      characteristics. Small, but significant, differences were found in their
      isometric properties. Their force-velocity relationships were identical, although
      the maximum speed of sarcomere shortening (about 40 microns s-1) was
      significantly less than that of other fast-twitch rat muscles. Other differences
      in the respective force-length relations at different temperatures were noted.
      The desirability of pursuing these investigations on identified single fibers is
      emphasized.

PMID- 4029332
TI  - Effects of halothane on the development of rat brain: a golgi study of dendritic
      growth.
AB  - Dendritic growth was studied in rats exposed to halothane in utero for the entire
      gestation period and 60 days after birth. The exposure conditions were control,
      intermittent halothane (25 +/- 5 ppm or 100 +/- 5 ppm, 8 h/day, 5 days/week), or
      continuous halothane (25 +/- 5 ppm, 24 h/day, 7 days/week). Dendritic growth in
      terms of branch numbers and length was most advanced in the control groups,
      followed by those groups exposed to 25 +/- 5 ppm halothane intermittently, 25 +/-
      5 ppm halothane continuously, and 100 +/- 5 ppm halothane intermittently. The
      latter two exposure conditions exerted identical effects on dendritic growth. The
      order of this dendritic growth level established at 5 postnatal days remained the
      same throughout the first 95 postnatal days in both the entorhinal cortex and
      subiculum. The effect of halothane on dendritic growth appeared to be enduring,
      and the delay in the initial dendritic growth caused by halothane was not
      compensated for by an increased rate of dendritic growth.

PMID- 4029333
TI  - Effects of halothane on synaptogenesis and learning behavior in rats.
AB  - Synaptic density was quantitated in the entorhinal cortex and subiculum of rats
      at 5, 21, 34, and 95 postnatal days. These rats were offspring of mothers that
      had been subjected to four different concentrations of halothane during gestation
      and for 60 days after birth. The exposure conditions were control, intermittent
      halothane (25 +/- 5 ppm or 100 +/- 5 ppm, 8 h/day, 5 days/week) and continuous
      halothane (25 +/- 5 ppm, 24 h/day, 7 days/week). Synaptic density in rats exposed
      to halothane was significantly less than in control rats. Animals exposed
      intermittently to 25 +/- 5 ppm halothane had higher synaptic density than animals
      exposed continuously to 25 +/- 5 ppm halothane or intermittently to 100 +/- 5 ppm
      halothane. The latter two exposure conditions exerted similar effects. The lag in
      synaptic development was established at 5 days postnatal and remained the same
      throughout the first 95 postnatal days in both the entorhinal cortex and
      subiculum. Delayed synaptogenesis caused by halothane was indicated by the
      presence of growth cones in halothane-exposed rats to 34 days compared with 21
      days in the control rats. The spontaneous alternation test indicated that the
      delayed synaptogenesis by halothane was sufficient to suppress behavioral
      development. Thus, the delay in the initial synaptic maturation caused by
      halothane exposure in utero may result in permanent morphologic and functional
      deficits of the brain.

PMID- 4029334
TI  - Dendritic alterations in chronic animals with experimental neurofibrillary
      changes.
AB  - Dendritic changes were quantitated in the cerebral cortex and subiculum of
      rabbits injected with aluminum tartrate for 90 days (5 days/week) at 100, 200,
      and 300 days after the last injection of aluminum. Both apical and basal
      dendrites of the cerebral cortex and subiculum responded similarly to aluminum
      tartrate. The dendrites were fewer and shorter in the animals examined at 200 and
      300 days postinjection of aluminum tartrate. Such dendritic changes were more
      prominent at longer postinjection times and in dendrites that were more
      peripheral from the cell body. Aluminum-induced changes in apical dendrites were
      more prominent in the subiculum than in the cerebral cortex. Aluminum-induced
      changes in basal dendrites, however, were more prominent in the cerebral cortex
      than in the subiculum. The results suggest a time delay between the initial
      accumulation of neurofibrillary changes and the subsequent loss of peripheral
      dendritic branches, which appears to be long-lasting.

PMID- 4029335
TI  - Changes in membrane potential and potassium and sodium activities during
      postnatal development of mouse skeletal muscle.
AB  - Dual-channel potassium-selective and single-channel sodium-selective
      microelectrodes were used to investigate the cause of changes in resting membrane
      potential of muscle fibers of the mouse during early development. The resting
      membrane of extensor digitorum longus fibers hyperpolarized during the postnatal
      period from -41.8 mV at 4 days of age to -76.4 mV at 27 days. During this period
      intracellular potassium activity increased by 42.1% from 82.5 mM at 8 days to
      117.2 mM at 29 days. Intracellular sodium activity was high at 8 days, 23.7 mM,
      but decreased rapidly to adult values by 27 days when it was 9.98 mM, a 57.9%
      reduction in sodium activity. The time course of the change in resting membrane
      potential was different from that of the potassium equilibrium potential
      calculated from the data. If only potassium and sodium ions were to make
      significant contributions to the potential, then it was calculated that the
      permeability ratio PNa:PK would have to change from a value of 0.0659 at 8 days
      to 0.0227 at 27 days. The results indicated that other factors might be involved
      in generating the membrane potential inasmuch as, although both intracellular
      potassium and sodium activities did not change significantly after 27 to 30 days,
      the membrane potential had not attained adult values at that time. The
      possibility that increases in muscle activity during the postnatal period might
      initiate the changes in membrane polarization and intracellular ion activities is
      discussed together with possible complications in interpretation due to great
      variations in fiber diameters.

PMID- 4029336
TI  - Rapid auditory evoked vascular response in man.
AB  - Plethysmographic signals were recorded in four body regions (fingertip, forearm,
      cerebral cortex, and ophthalmic artery) of normal, healthy subjects during the
      presentation of brief auditory tones. Tones were presented during either systolic
      or diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle. Using data processing techniques
      similar to those employed in cortical evoked potential studies, averaged
      waveforms were derived which revealed the presence of a polyphasic volumetric
      response beginning as early as 150 ms (after onset of tones) in some subjects.
      Grand average waveforms suggested a similar morphology in all four body regions.
      The rapid onset argued for neural mediation of this response which may represent
      a sudden, transient flexure of vascular smooth muscle. The presence of this
      evoked vascular response in the brain suggests a previously unreported
      responsiveness of the cerebral vasculature in man to simple auditory stimulation.

PMID- 4029337
TI  - Prenatal exposure to ethanol retards the development of kindling in adult rats.
AB  - The development of kindling was examined in adult rats exposed to ethanol
      prenatally. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed a liquid diet containing either 6.7%
      ethanol or pair fed an isocaloric equivalent. At birth, the litters were cross
      fostered to surrogate mothers. At 80 days of age, a bipolar electrode was placed
      either in the right basolateral amygdala or the right angular bundle of
      entorhinal cortex. Kindling stimulations were administered three times a day
      until each rat had exhibited three class 5 kindled motor seizures. The total
      number of kindling stimulations required to exhibit class 1 through class 5 motor
      seizures was significantly greater in the rats exposed to ethanol prenatally.
      Further, the retardation in kindling development was due to a slower progression
      from class 0 to class 1 kindled motor seizures. Progression between other stages
      was not different between the two groups. Similar results were obtained in both
      amygdala and angular bundle kindling experiments. Kindling is retarded in a
      similar fashion by partial destruction of the dentate granule cells of the
      hippocampal formation. Further, the pattern of dentate granule cell axonal
      projections to hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons is altered in rats exposed to
      ethanol prenatally. Taken together, these data suggest the possibility that a
      defect in the neuronal circuitry within the hippocampal formation of fetal
      alcohol rats may underlie a retardation in their kindling progression. This
      proposed defect may have functional implications related to learning deficiencies
      in rats and children exposed to ethanol prenatally.

PMID- 4029338
TI  - Acoustic facilitation of the Hoffmann reflex.
AB  - The facilitative effect of a pure tone on the amplitude of the Hoffmann reflex
      was tested in 11 subjects under four conditions: (i) trying not to respond to the
      tone, (ii) voluntary abduction of the right index finger in response to the tone,
      (iii) voluntary plantarflexion of the left leg, and (iv) right plantarflexion in
      response to the tone. The acoustic stimulus was a 1000-Hz pure tone (80 dB, re
      0.0002 dyne/cm2), presented on a random set of trials. Tone onset occurred 100 ms
      prior to the electrical stimulus that evoked the Hoffmann reflex. The Hoffmann
      reflex was larger for "tone" trials than for "silent" trials. The facilitative
      effect was equal in four cases: (i) making no response (NR), (ii) finger
      abduction (FA), (iii) noninvolved muscle (NIM), and (iv) involved muscle during
      treadle pressing (IM). The effect of the first tone presented was larger than
      that of subsequent tones, indicating some habituation of the acoustic effect on
      the H-reflex. Tests for spontaneous recovery and stimulus generalization were not
      significant. The results supported the existence of a purely auditory
      facilitation of spinal excitability.

PMID- 4029339
TI  - Effect of electrode size on brain stimulation.
AB  - Behaviorally determined strength-duration curves of many brain pathways differ
      from those of peripheral nerves, or single fibers. The chronaxies measured using
      short-duration pulses are much shorter than those measured with long pulses. A
      suggested explanation for this was that the pathways have mixed populations of
      long- and short-chronaxie elements. We attempted to test this hypothesis by
      stimulating with electrodes of different surface area, on the assumption that
      they would fire different proportions of long-chronaxie elements at short pulse
      durations where their thresholds are high. For a given current a large electrode
      delivers a lower maximum current density than a small one. Electrode size was
      found to have no detectable effect on the shape of the strength-duration curve.
      An attempt to discover the characteristics needed to modulate neurons having a
      basically hyperbolic strength-duration curve so as to produce the empirical curve
      revealed that the process has a zero rheobase and is thus presumably a direct
      influence of current on the threshold of the stimulated axons. A probable
      candidate for this process is the accumulation of potassium iontophoretically
      driven from cells in the vicinity of the electrode.

PMID- 4029340
TI  - Changes in the cholinergic system of rat sciatic nerve and skeletal muscle
      following suspension-induced disuse.
AB  - Muscle disuse-induced changes in the cholinergic system of sciatic nerve, slow
      twitch soleus (SOL), and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were
      studied in rats. Rats with hind limbs suspended for 2 to 3 weeks showed marked
      elevation in the activity of choline acetyltransferase in sciatic nerve (38%), in
      the SOL (108%), and in the EDL (67%). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the
      SOL increased 163% without changing the molecular forms pattern of 4S, 10S, 12S,
      and 16S. No significant (P greater than 0.05) changes in the activity and
      molecular forms pattern of AChE were seen in the EDL or in AChE activity of
      sciatic nerve. Nicotinic receptor binding of [3H]acetylcholine was increased in
      both muscles. When measured after 3 weeks of hind limb suspension the normal
      distribution of type I fibers in the SOL (87%) was reduced (to 58%) and a
      corresponding increase in types IIa and IIb fibers occurred. In the EDL no
      significant change in fiber proportion was observed. Muscle activity, such as
      loadbearing, appeared to have a greater controlling influence on the
      characteristics of the slow-twitch SOL muscle than on the fast-twitch EDL muscle.

PMID- 4029341
TI  - Regeneration of central nervous system axons into an acellular tube in the
      absence of distal tissue.
AB  - To differentiate between local and distant influences on central nerve
      regeneration, an impervious, stainless-steel cannula, 12 mm long, was placed in
      the path of severed axons within the corpus callosum of adult rats. The cannula
      was occluded for 1 week after implantation to prevent herniation of tissue into
      its lumen. The extracranial end of the tube was plugged with Gelfoam rather than
      tissue. Inflammatory cells within the tube decreased in number with time and all
      animals survived for the experiment's duration of 4 to 16 weeks. Some callosal
      axons grew into the cannula and eventually extended about 1.3 mm. After 8 to 16
      weeks, the lumen of the cannula contained many unmyelinated axons, some of which
      formed fascicles, myelinated axons, demyelinating axons, a few oligodendrocytes,
      and many astrocytic processes, macrophages, and blood vessels. A striking feature
      was the linear orientation of cells and their processes. The distal tip of the
      core resembled a central nervous system explant: it included an appreciable
      number of growth cones, synaptic terminals embedded in a generous extracellular
      space, and occasional remyelinating axons. Thus, within an impervious, acellular
      conduit and in the absence of distal tissue, intrinsic, neuronal processes can be
      redirected, fasciculate, myelinate, and can regrow alongside glia and
      endothelium. An indwelling tube, isolating the growth from surrounding brain
      fluid, may permit assessment of glial, neuronal, and extracellular contributions
      to the directed regeneration of adult, central axons.

PMID- 4029342
TI  - Superposition of antidromic responses in pyramidal tract cell clusters.
AB  - Large-seeing-distance microelectrodes were used to record simultaneously the
      activity of several pyramidal tract neurons in cerebral cortex. When activated
      antidromically, these neurons responded simultaneously, forming a "stack" of
      superimposed spikes, rather than responding at different times within the 10-ms
      time interval during which they might be expected to respond. Using a variety of
      spike collision tests, we found that these individual spikes arose from separate
      sources and reflected the activity of individual, albeit neighboring, pyramidal
      tract neurons. The collaterals of neurons within a stack projected to different
      structures, further verifying that separate neurons were involved. Such synchrony
      of antidromic activity among neighboring pyramidal tract neurons is an
      exceedingly low-probability event, if neighboring fibers conduct independently of
      one another. Our results imply that fibers from small clusters of neurons in the
      cortex assemble to form synchronously conducting bundles of fibers within the
      pyramidal tract.

PMID- 4029343
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase in motoneurons during regeneration.
AB  - The activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine
      synthesis, was assayed in the isolated facial nucleus of the rat at various times
      after axotomy of the facial nerve. In addition, it was measured 24 h after the
      second of a series of two lesions (conditioning lesion design) with various times
      between the first and second operations. Ornithine decarboxylase activity was
      found to increase 8 h after nerve transection and was maximum after 24 h (300% of
      control). Thereafter the activity declined to subnormal levels where it remained
      for several weeks. Ornithine decarboxylase activity did not increase again when a
      second axotomy was made 2 weeks after the first lesion. However, ornithine
      decarboxylase did respond to the second axotomy if it was carried out 3 weeks
      after the first lesion. Histochemical localization of ornithine decarboxylase
      demonstrated that the increase in enzyme activity was mainly confined to the
      perikarya of the motoneurons. These data suggest that this enzyme is somehow
      involved in triggering the "regeneration program" and clearly indicate that at
      least some aspects of the neuronal response to axotomy are not further stimulated
      by a conditioning lesion.

PMID- 4029344
TI  - Reticular formation neurons related to tongue movement in the behaving cat.
AB  - We have found a number of cells related to tongue movement in the medial brain
      stem reticular formation of the unanesthetized cat. These cells constituted less
      than 2% of the cells tested in this region and were distributed throughout
      several nuclei in the medulla and pons including nucleus reticularis pontis
      caudalis, nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, and the border between nucleus
      reticularis paramedianus and nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi. All observed
      tongue movement cells (N = 6) fired maximally during protrusive tongue movements.
      One medullary cell discharged primarily during the protrusive tongue movement to
      the ipsilateral side, whereas no lateral preference was detected in the other
      cells. Gustatory and mechanosensory stimulation of the tongue was unnecessary for
      inducing discharge in these cells. Tongue movement-related cells shared several
      characteristics that differentiated them from adjacent reticular formation cells,
      including absence of response to startle-inducing auditory stimuli and low levels
      of spontaneous waking and sleep activity. In two pontine cells located near the
      trigeminal motor nucleus, spike-triggered averages of tongue EMG revealed a short
      latency (5 ms) inhibitory effect on the ipsilateral genioglossus muscle by the
      units' discharge. We suggest that neurons of this type might be involved in
      tongue-jaw coordination during mastication, licking, and grooming.

PMID- 4029345
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei: infectivity and immunogenicity of cultured parasites.
AB  - Trypanosoma brucei brucei, derived from the salivary glands of infected tsetse
      flies (Glossina morsitans morsitans) and maintained in culture for over 4 years,
      were infective to both albino rats and tsetse flies. Virulence was markedly
      enhanced during the first passage in albino rats or tsetse flies. Irradiated
      cultured trypanosomes induced immunity to homologous challenge but not to tsetse
      fly or blood-induced challenge with the same stock.

PMID- 4029346
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: suramin and trypan blue in vitro and the ultrastructure of
      feeding schistosomules.
AB  - The in vitro effects of suramin and trypan blue on schistosomules of Schistosoma
      mansoni were examined by light and electron microscopy. The drugs were
      administered to 12-day cultures of schistosomules produced by the penetration
      method. The larvae were maintained on mouse red blood cells for 5 days prior to
      addition of the drugs. At the concentrations used, the morphological changes
      attributable to the drugs were identical for the two drugs. The first signs of
      anomaly were observable at 8 hr after exposure. At this time, the digestive
      system showed signs reminiscent of early starvation effects such as alterations
      of the Golgi and an increase of autophagy. After 36 hr, a rapid disintegration of
      the gastrodermis became evident. It was hypothesized that the drugs initially
      inhibit the digestive enzymes and, subsequently, labilize the luminal plasma
      membrane of the gastrodermis. By 48 hr after exposure, the larvae were dead.

PMID- 4029347
TI  - Plasmodium vinckei: suppression of mouse infections with desferrioxamine B.
AB  - Plasmodium vinckei kills NMRI mice within 6 days after infection. Treatment of
      infected animals with desferrioxamine B for 5 days was found to suppress the
      parasitemia in a dose-dependent manner. The desferrioxamine B-iron complex
      (DFO/Fe3+) was ineffective, which suggests that the iron-chelating capacity of
      free desferrioxamine B is the antimalarial principle. All mice survived when they
      were given 0.3 mg desferrioxamine B/g every 12 hr for 14 days after infection. In
      addition, they were resistant to reinfection for at least 8 weeks. Eight months
      after desferrioxamine B treatment, all mice had lost their induced immunity and
      were as susceptible to malaria as controls. These results illustrate the
      dependence of the malarial parasite on ionic iron and suggests new methods for
      the therapy of parasitic diseases.

PMID- 4029348
TI  - Eimeria tenella: immunogenicity of arrested sporozoites in chickens.
AB  - Groups of chickens were medicated with the anticoccidial drug, decoquinate, and
      starting 1 day after this medication they were given daily inoculations of either
      1 X 10(4) (Experiment 1) or 1 X 10(5) (Experiment 2) oocysts of a decoquinate
      sensitive strain of Eimeria tenella. This assured the presence of large numbers
      of drug-inhibited sporozoites in the cecal tissues. The immunity arising from the
      presence of these inhibited sporozoites was assessed by challenging the medicated
      chickens with a 2.5 X 10(5) oocysts of a decoquinate-resistant strain of E.
      tenella. The response to challenge was assessed by weight gain, the severity of
      cecal lesions, hematocrits, and cecal oocyst numbers. The inhibited sporozoites
      promoted little (if any) immunity judged by clinical signs of disease. However,
      judged by body weight changes after challenge, the presence of inhibited
      sporozoites provided substantial protection against the body-weight-depressing
      effects of the challenge dose. These findings emphasize the importance of stage
      specific antigen expression in Eimeria spp. infections and support the notion
      that immunogenicity is associated with tropic stages of the parasite.

PMID- 4029349
TI  - Brugia malayi: intravenous injection of microfilariae in ferrets as an
      experimental method for occult filariasis.
AB  - Microfilaremia, immune responses, and pathology were compared in ferrets infected
      with 100 third-stage larvae of Brugia malayi (subperiodic strain) or injected
      intravenously with 10(6) microfilariae. Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)
      inoculated with third-stage larvae typically became patent during the third month
      after infection, with a mean patency of 123 +/- 25 (SE) days. Ferrets injected
      intravenously with microfilariae exhibited a relatively constant microfilaremia
      for 3-4 weeks and usually cleared microfilariae before the fourth month. Ferrets
      that cleared microfilariae after intravenous injection of microfilariae or after
      infection with third-stage larvae failed to become patent or became
      amicrofilaremic within 3 weeks after a challenge intravenous injection of 10(6)
      microfilariae. Clearance of circulating microfilariae was associated with
      eosinophilia and serum antibody specific for the microfilarial sheath in ferrets
      injected with microfilariae and in most ferrets infected with third-stage larvae.
      Ferrets infected with third-stage larvae and necropsied after clearance of
      microfilariae had tissue inflammatory reactions to microfilariae characteristic
      of occult filariasis (tropical eosinophilia) in man; these ferrets exhibited
      immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity and circulating reaginic antibody to
      antigens of microfilariae. In ferrets necropsied following two intravenous
      injections of microfilariae, the majority of ferrets examined within 10 days
      after clearance of microfilariae had visible liver lesions to microfilariae
      identical to those of the ferrets infected with third-stage larvae; immediate
      cutaneous hypersensitivity and reaginic antibody were not consistently detected
      in ferrets injected with microfilariae. Sera from ferrets that had cleared
      circulating microfilariae were transferred passively into ferrets made
      microfilaremic by intravenous injection of microfilariae. Sera with microfilarial
      sheath-reactive IgG antibody titers (greater than or equal to 1:200) and
      microfilarial agglutination titers (greater than or equal to 1:40) rapidly
      cleared injected microfilariae (less than 24 hr); this serum also cleared or
      greatly reduced circulating microfilariae established by an infection with third
      stage larvae; only the IgG-containing fraction of the sera was active in immune
      clearance. Sera that cleared microfilariae of B. malayi did not clear circulating
      microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis or prevent recurrence of circulating
      microfilariae of B. malayi in ferrets infected with adult filariae.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4029350
TI  - Ascaris suum: role of ecdysteroids in molting.
AB  - Three studies were conducted to examine the function of ecdysteroids in the
      development of parasitic nematodes. Ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone were
      extracted, separated chromatographically, and measured in the reproductive tracts
      of adult female Ascaris suum. Perienteric fluid and the body wall did not contain
      measurable levels of these steroids. Levels of 20-hydroxyecdysone were correlated
      with the third and fourth molts of larvae grown in vitro from the third stage. In
      a bioassay, addition of ecdysteroid extracted from the female reproductive tract
      or synthetic ecdysteroid increased the proportion of third-stage larvae that
      molted after 4 days in culture. This evidence supports the role of ecdysteroids
      in molting in A. suum, as well as suggesting a function in gametogenesis and
      embryogenesis.

PMID- 4029351
TI  - Nematoda: susceptibility of the egg to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins.
AB  - Crystalline toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and B.t. kurstaki were
      lethal in vitro to eggs of the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The LD50
      values for the two toxins were 0.38 ng and 37.5 micrograms total protein/ml,
      respectively. After 1 week at ambient temperature, the LD50 of B.t. kurstaki
      decreased to less than 4 micrograms/ml. Toxin from B.t. israelensis had no effect
      within 48 hr on survival of adult nematodes or on their feeding in vitro. Third
      stage larvae of T. colubriformis were also unaffected by B.t. israelensis toxin.
      Exposure of third-stage larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis to 1.1 micrograms
      total protein/ml of B.t. israelensis for 4 hr had no effect on their infectivity
      in mice, based on recovery of helminths at 7 days after infection. Similar
      exposure of 5-day-old N. brasiliensis and subsequent transfer into the intestine
      of mice gave recoveries that were similar to the untreated control. Thirty
      strains of B. thuringiensis caused mortality in nematode eggs, but over a 77,000
      fold range of activity was found, based on the LD50 values. Toxin from B.t.
      israelensis was lethal to eggs of six zooparasitic and one free-living species of
      nematode, but the LD50 values varied 28-fold. Addition of B.t. israelensis to
      feces that contained eggs of T. colubriformis reduced subsequent recovery of
      larvae, with an LD50 of 260 ng/g of feces.

PMID- 4029353
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the vascular alterations within the carotid bodies of
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of the fine structural changes of the arterioles
      within the carotid bodies of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in the
      established phase of hypertension revealed partly hyperplastic endothelial cells.
      In the subendothelial space a multiplication of the basal laminae was observed
      often of a whirl-like shape. The smooth muscle cells of the media were
      hypertrophied, bizarre and with numerous projections. They exhibited a marked
      increase in cell organelles. The extracellular space was extensively enlarged and
      partly vacuolated. It contained a basement membrane-like material which was
      connected with the basal laminae of the myocytes. All these alterations produced
      a pad-like thickening of the arteriolar wall which narrowed the vessel lumen.
      These findings and their possible effects on carotid body function are discussed.

PMID- 4029352
TI  - Ascaris suum: protective immunity in pigs immunized with products from eggs and
      larvae.
AB  - Parasite products were collected at three distinct phases of development of
      Ascaris suum, and their immunogenicity was determined after injection into
      rabbits and pigs. Products were derived from (1) the hatching fluid of infective
      eggs; (2) the conditioned medium of 2nd-stage larvae that developed to 3rd stage
      in vitro in defined medium; and (3) the conditioned medium of 3rd-stage larvae
      that developed to 4th stage in vitro in defined medium. Protein profiles from
      these three preparations, separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, were less complex than that of extracts from homogenized A. suum
      larvae. Hyperimmune rabbit antiserum raised against either egg products, 2nd- to
      3rd-stage larval excretory-secretory products, or 3rd- to 4th-stage larval
      excretory-secretory products showed strong homologous reactions after
      immunoelectrophoresis, but relatively weak cross-reactions with the other
      preparations. A combined enteral immunization of pigs with egg products and
      parenteral immunization with the 2nd- to 3rd-stage larval excretory-secretory
      products, and 3rd- to 4th-stage larval excretory-secretory products induced
      antibody to each preparation and significant protective immunity to a challenge
      exposure with 10,000 A. suum eggs. However, a marked pathological response to
      larvae migrating in the liver after challenge exposure was also induced.

PMID- 4029354
TI  - The influence of the pH value of the synovial fluid on the articular cartilage in
      rabbits. A scanning electron microscopic study.
AB  - After the intraarticular injection of isoosmolaric buffer solutions with pH
      values of 4.0 and 10.0 or 7.3 (control side) into the knee joints of rabbits the
      appearance of a fibrillated network on a plane parallel to the surface and tears
      in the articular cartilage are seen with the aid of scanning electron microscopy.
      The results are interpreted as a damage of the superficial layer of the articular
      cartilage. In a long-term follow up only the growing rabbits are able to repair
      these lesions, the adult animals are not capable to do it.

PMID- 4029355
TI  - Inducibility of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system experimentally
      reduced to a minimum amount/activity. Effect of hypophysectomy, partial
      hepatectomy and phenobarbital/toluene treatment on the hepatic polysubstrate
      monooxygenase system in rats.
AB  - Sham-operated, hypophysectomized, partially hepatectomized and hypophysectomized
      + partially hepatectomized groups of CFY rats were treated with phenobarbital (40
      mg/kg/day) per os or physiological saline once a day, or toluene-vapour
      (inhalation: 4,000 mg/m3, 8 h/day), for 3 days. The polysubstrate monooxygenase
      (PSMO) system of the liver was induced by phenobarbital after all kinds of
      surgical interventions. Inducibility of the enzyme system was the highest in the
      group with combined hypophysectomy + partial hepatectomy and decreased in order
      in the groups with partial hepatectomy, hypophysectomy and sham-operation. The
      relative cytochrome P-450 content (quantity of cytochrome P-450/100 g b.w.) was
      the lowest after combined operation, higher in partially hepatectomized and
      hypophysectomized animals and it was the highest in the sham-operated group.
      Hypophysectomy after partial hepatectomy seems to inhibit hepatic regeneration
      and to increase the inducibility of the enzyme by phenobarbital, at the same
      time. Phenobarbital treatment brought about SER proliferation in a part of liver
      cells, in each group. In case of repeated liver damage due to the consequences of
      hypophysectomy, partial hepatectomy, phenobarbital administration, a group of the
      liver cells responds to the first, another to the second, but even after the
      third injury a group of the liver cells maintained its regular structure. The
      hypothetical hepatotoxic effect of toluene, a widely used industrial solvent, has
      been tested. Hepatotoxicity has been excluded. The minimum non-specific
      hepatotoxic effect of the solvent was not augmented by either partial hepatectomy
      or hypophysectomy, or by the combination of the two. In all the experimental
      groups toluene increased the hepatic cytochrome P-450 level and induced a
      moderate increase in SER. Inducibility of the enzyme system after toluene
      inhalation was similar to that of the enzyme system after phenobarbital treatment
      in each group.

PMID- 4029357
TI  - Studies on quantitative morphology. IX. Component distribution in the thyroid
      gland of a hamster.
AB  - Morphometric investigations were performed on equidistant stage sections of a
      hamster thyroid gland, which led to the following conclusions: In sections of the
      outer regions there are observed higher relative colloid percentages and lower
      data for the epithelium in relation to the values of sections of the middle part.
      Therefore the ratio epithelium: colloid is higher in the central region. There
      are high negative correlation coefficients for the comparison of these main
      constituents, but low values are calculated between the relative interstitium
      percentages and the epithelium: colloid ratio. Both of the lobes of the thyroid
      gland showed different volumes, but nearly the same composition. Up to a section
      distance of approximately 500 micron most of the relative colloid percentages of
      bodies, constructed by all requisite section areas and the corresponding section
      distances, are laying in a range of +/- 5% in relation to the value, which was
      calculated from all sections with a distance of always 20 micron. For the
      epithelium percentages such a borderline was found near 400 micron. A sharper
      criterion is the ratio epithelium: colloid. All data beneath a section distance
      of 200 micron are lying in a +/- 5% range, since +/- 10% borderlines are not
      exceeded up to 500 micron. This corresponds to about 5 sections per lobe in this
      example, which were measured in less than half an hour.

PMID- 4029356
TI  - Experimental arteriosclerosis and the plasma kininogen and low molecular weight
      kininogen antigen concentration in rabbits.
AB  - A decrease in trypsin-releasable kinin and in low molecular weight kininogen
      antigen concentrations was observed in plasma of rabbits with cholesterol-induced
      arteriosclerosis. In rabbits receiving normal diet for 30 days after 30 days of
      cholesterol almost complete normalization of the morphological status was
      observed, which was accompanied by normalization of plasma kinin concentration
      and by higher than normal concentration of kininogen antigen measured. These
      changes were not observed in animals receiving normal diet for 30 days after 60
      days of cholesterol administration. No data were obtained suggesting a massive
      kinin release during induction of arteriosclerosis by experimental
      hypercholesteremia. The possibility of intense kinin formation during a period of
      repair of the morphological changes was discussed.

PMID- 4029358
TI  - Increased serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol binding reserve in acute uremic
      rats.
AB  - In acute uremic rats (24 h after bilateral nephrectomy, serum urea 280-300 mg/dl)
      the interface tension of the serum is significantly reduced. Serum levels of
      triacylglycerol are significantly elevated in uremia, whereas cholesterol levels
      do not show a significant alteration. The in vitro serum binding reserve for
      both, triacylglycerol and cholesterol is considerably enhanced. These results let
      suppose the presence of tenside-like substances in uremic serum which may be
      involved in disturbed triacylglycerol transport from the serum to the tissues and
      in development of uremic hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 4029359
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4029360
TI  - Splenic infarcts produced in rats by vasoconstrictor drugs.
AB  - Investigation of the role of vasoconstriction in the production of infarcts would
      be facilitated by a model based on a non-essential and readily accessible organ.
      Therefore, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injections of
      vasoconstrictor drugs on spleen and liver in the rat. Phenylephrine produced
      infarcts of the spleen regularly and infarcts of the liver occasionally.
      Epinephrine was also effective in rats that had been pretreated with tilorone.
      The lesions were caused by local (topical) effects of the drugs. In support of
      this conclusion, reduced perfusion of the target areas was demonstrated in
      vasoconstrictor-treated rats given India ink intravenously. In addition, splenic
      infarcts were produced either by intraperitoneal injection or by direct
      application of epinephrine to the surgically exposed spleen. On the contrary,
      splenic infarcts were not produced by injections of epinephrine outside the
      peritoneal cavity, or by intraperitoneal injections if the spleen had been
      transposed outside of the cavity beforehand. Thus, we have produced an
      experimental model of splenic infarcts caused by topical application of
      vasoconstrictor drugs which is reminiscent of the speckled spleen (Fleckmilz) of
      human pathology.

PMID- 4029361
TI  - Mathematical models of cell variation seen in a heterogeneous malignant cell
      population.
AB  - We established mathematical models for the cell variation seen in a heterogeneous
      malignant cell population, with the supposition that it occurs as the result of
      the competition between two types of cells, (A) and (B), leading to a change of
      stem cells. Models I and II: In the case of differences in the ability of (A) and
      (B) cells to adapt themselves to an environment, the proportion of cells which
      are less adaptable to the environment decreases exponentially and eventually
      disappears. Model III supposes that under certain environmental conditions, the
      two types of cells exist simultaneously in fixed proportions, and transformations
      of (B) cell to (A) cell and of (A) cell to (B) cell occur at a certain rate but
      are independent of each other. This process is considered to follow the Markov's
      chain theory. Based on this supposition, we established Model III and introduced
      the concept of "coefficient of cell variation". We found that Model III fits the
      process of cell variation seen in m cell line and we calculated the coefficients
      of cell variation seen in this cell line in different environments. The possible
      mechanism of the cell variation of this cell line is discussed.

PMID- 4029362
TI  - Long-term inhalation study with benzo(a)pyrene and SO2 in Syrian golden hamsters.

PMID- 4029363
TI  - Ultrastructure of the epithelial cells of the small intestinal villi, the surface
      epithelium of the large intestinal mucosa and some elements of the intestinal
      mucosal lamina propria in rats with acute uraemia.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies on the dynamics of changes in the epithelial cells
      and some elements of the intestinal mucosal lamina propria were performed on rats
      after bilateral high ureter ligation. Simultaneously, they were referred to blood
      serum biochemical and electrolyte disturbances. The ultrastructural changes
      indicate that as early as in the initial period of acute uraemia water
      electrolyte disturbances become evident, which are still increasing. In the later
      period cell organelles alter and bacterial infection sets in. Ultrastructural
      abnormalities of the intestinal mucous membrane are increasing proportionally to
      biochemical and electrolyte disturbances of the blood serum.

PMID- 4029364
TI  - Functional impairment of mitochondria from rat livers acutely injured by
      thioacetamide.
AB  - Thioacetamide, when administered in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight to adult
      female rats, leads to functional disturbances in mitochondria isolated from
      livers 24 h after its application. The RCI is significantly reduced due to an
      increase in state 4 respiration and a lowered state 3 activity. Maximum
      respiratory activity of the mitochondria is also depressed. The mitochondrial
      Ca2+-content is significantly increased to 185%. In accordance with the
      uncoupling effect the Ca2+-transport behaviour of the hepatic mitochondria from
      thioacetamide-injured rats is altered. The results are indicative of structural
      alterations of the inner mitochondrial membranes.

PMID- 4029366
TI  - Residues of veterinary drugs in foods. Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert
      consultation, Rome, 29 October-5 November 1984.

PMID- 4029365
TI  - Correlation between in vitro autoradiographic results and histological WHO grades
      in human urothelial bladder tumours.
AB  - 253 biopsy specimens of 106 urinary bladder tumours have been examined by means
      of in vitro autoradiography and the results compared with the WHO grading. An
      increase of the average labelling index occurred parallel to increasing WHO
      grades. However, great inter-tumorous differences in proliferation behaviour
      existed particularly in papillary G2 and G3 urothelium carcinomas. Possible
      causes of this heterogeneity are discussed. In vitro autoradiography is a
      suitable method for the objective characterization of the malignancy potential of
      urinary bladder tumours.

PMID- 4029367
TI  - [Simultaneous determination of oxprenolol and chlorthalidone in pharmaceutical
      preparations with derivative spectrophotometry].

PMID- 4029368
TI  - Effective surface area and activity of antacid preparations.

PMID- 4029369
TI  - [Determination of catalytic constants of an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer in
      comparison with amoxicillin trihydrate].

PMID- 4029370
TI  - Toxicological aspects of a new tripeptide mustard.

PMID- 4029371
TI  - Drug permeation through directly compressed polymeric barriers.

PMID- 4029372
TI  - [Assay of 1,3-diiodo-2-propanol (Iothion) in various pharmaceutical
      preparations].

PMID- 4029373
TI  - On the spectrophotometric analysis of phenolphthalein.

PMID- 4029374
TI  - [Effect of 7-hydroxygluacine on brain biogenic monoamines].
AB  - In experiments on male albino rats it was established that the aporphine alkaloid
      7-hydroxyglaucine injected i.p. at a dose of 1/10 of the LD50 induced many
      changes in the brain level of biogenic amines. Serotonin content was
      significantly increased in all brain structures studied (whole brain. cortex,
      striatum, and hypothalamus) Dopamine level was increased in the whole brain and
      cortex and was decreased in the hypothalamus; noradrenaline level was increased
      in the cortex and was decreased in the whole brain and hypothalamus. These
      effects are thought to be due to the 7-hydroxyglaucine-facilitated transport of
      amino acids, precursors of biogenic amines, and to neurotransmitter interactions
      in the different brain structures.

PMID- 4029375
TI  - [Characteristics of the action of non-narcotic analgesics in diabetics].
AB  - Patients with diabetes mellitus were examined for the action of non-narcotic
      analgesics during oral cavity sanitation. All the drugs under study (amidopyrine,
      pyranal, baralgin, probon) taken per os increased the threshold of tactile
      painful sensitivity and the threshold of pain endurance in patients with diabetes
      mellitus to a greater degree than in normal subjects. No such differences were
      recorded after diazepam intake under the same conditions.

PMID- 4029376
TI  - [Pain-alleviating action of gidifen and its combinations with analgesics].
AB  - The analgesic effect of gidifen, a new tranquilizer belonging to the group of
      organophosphorus compounds, manifests itself in relatively high doses (1/3 of the
      LD50). The quantitative characteristics of the analgesic action depends on the
      method for evaluating the analgesic action of the drug. On combined use of
      gidifen and analgesics applied in a definite dosage range the analgesic effect is
      potentiated. If the tranquilizer under study is combined with non-narcotic
      analgesics, the above potentiation is accompanied with an increase in the
      toxicity and myorelaxant activity of gidifen. On combination of the latter with
      morphine the parameters under consideration are unchanged. According to the
      pattern of interaction with analgesics gidifen does not differ in principle from
      benzodiazepine tranquilizers. However, the drug is not superior to
      benzodiazepines in this respect.

PMID- 4029377
TI  - [Evaluation of the pain-alleviating properties of a combination of analgesic and
      tranquilizer using multiple stepwise regression].
AB  - A method for preclinical evaluation of the optimal ratio (for analgesia) of an
      analgesic to a tranquilizer has been devised. It is based on the drug threshold
      dose decrease on the drug combined use. The multiple stepwise regression analysis
      of the data discovered the correlations between diazepam and promedol, optimal
      for pain perception decrease and nociceptive emotional responsiveness inhibition.

PMID- 4029378
TI  - [Effect of nonachlazine on the temperature sensitivity of the lysosomal membranes
      of the heart muscle in rats in vitro].
AB  - It has been shown in vitro that nonachlazine stabilizes rat myocardial lysosomal
      membranes and activates total acid phosphatase in homogenates of rat myocardium.
      Preliminary addition of nonachlazine to homogenates in two different final
      concentrations produces unequal changes in total and free activity of acid
      phosphatase and cathepsin D during 2.5-hour incubation of homogenates at 37
      degrees C.

PMID- 4029379
TI  - [Effect of adrenaline and acetylcholine on the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase
      activity of the heart].
AB  - The authors have established the presence of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase in
      the sarcolemma. The capacity of this enzyme to change under the influence of
      adrenaline and acetylcholine has been brought to light.

PMID- 4029380
TI  - [Antifibrillatory activity of anti-arrhythmia agents in maximally high ligation
      of the coronary artery and its reperfusion in cats].
AB  - Experiments on anesthesized cats were performed to study antifibrillatory action
      of the basic antiarrhythmic remedies and a new Soviet drug, phenicaberan. It was
      established that phenicaberan and lidocaine compare very favourably with other
      drugs under study as regards the antifibrillatory effect. For that reason these
      drugs can be recommended for use in the prophylaxis of fatal arrhythmias.

PMID- 4029381
TI  - [Effect of unithiol on the ultrastructure of the myocardium and adrenals in
      endotoxin shock].
AB  - Administration of unithiol to animals with endotoxin shock promotes deposition of
      catecholamines in chromaffin cells of the adrenals, blocks their secretion to the
      bloodstream and prevents the development of injuries to the cortical substance of
      the gland. Administration of unithiol for endotoxemia prevents damage to
      intracellular organelles of cardiomyocytes. However, insignificant disorders of
      the contractile apparatus of the cells and histohematic barriers are maintained.
      The capacity of unithiol to prevent the progress of destructive alterations in
      the heart and adrenals permits recommending it for use in combined treatment of
      septic conditions.

PMID- 4029382
TI  - [Effect of a fatty-series narcotic (ether) and a barbiturate (hexenal) on the
      regional distribution of the total and nutritive blood flow].
AB  - Inhalation of diethyl ether and intraperitoneal injection of hexenal in doses
      that provide a surgical state of anesthesia are accompanied by changes in the
      regional tone of the resistive blood vessels as well as by those in the ratio
      between the nutritive and shunting fractions of the blood flow in organs and
      tissues. The increase in the rate and enlargement of the area of transcapillary
      metabolism in the brain and myocardium (notwithstanding the decrease of the total
      blood flow in these organs) by means of the increased shunting fractions of the
      blood flow in vast skin and skeletal muscle areas are considered to be the most
      important events. Diethyl ether and hexenal cause different changes in the
      hepatic and renal hemodynamics.

PMID- 4029383
TI  - [Effect of prednisolone, hyperbaric oxygenation and their combination on the
      glucose content of the blood and glycogen in the organs of white rats].
AB  - A single injection of prednisolone in doses of 10, 30, 80 and 100 mg/kg provoked
      different shifts in blood glucose concentration and glycogen content in the
      heart, liver, and skeletal muscles. Prednisolone increased liver glycogen content
      almost in all the doses. Administered in doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg the drug
      reduced blood glucose level and glycogen content in the myocardium and skeletal
      muscles. Administered in doses of 80 and 100 mg/kg the drug produced almost no
      effect on the characteristics under consideration or increased them. Oxygen
      raised glycogen liver content, blood glucose level, reduced the content of the
      polysaccharide in the skeletal muscles at a pressure of 3039 Pa (3 at. abs).
      Combined use of prednisolone and oxygen at an elevated pressure led, depending on
      the drug dose, to the occurrence of the phenomena of either synergism or
      antagonism.

PMID- 4029384
TI  - [Prognosis of the effectiveness of hypotensive therapy].
AB  - Based on the data obtained in acute clinico-pharmacological tests with 0.075 mg
      hemiton, 250 mg dopegyt and 40 mg anaprilin in patients with stage II essential
      hypertension a system of predicting the efficacy of hypotensive therapy has been
      designed. It has been established that the hypotensive effects of the indicated
      drugs can be predicted with the aid of the system not only under the conditions
      of acute clinico-pharmacological tests but also during treatment given in
      courses.

PMID- 4029385
TI  - [Effect of courses of acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate administration
      on the carbohydrate-phosphorus metabolic indices in vascular tissue].
AB  - Experiments on 78 adult rats were made to study the effects of acetylsalicylic
      acid and sodium salicylate administered daily for 7 and 14 days on the content of
      pyruvic, lactic, citric acids and inorganic phosphate in the wall of blood
      vessels of different function. Salicylates were demonstrated to reduce the
      content of citric acid by the 7th day and that of pyruvic acid by the 14th day,
      to increase the level of lactate and inorganic phosphorus during both observation
      periods. The degree of the changes revealed is unequal in different vessels,
      being more pronounced after sodium salicylate administration.

PMID- 4029386
TI  - [Effect of teturam in the alcoholic intoxication of male rats on the biogenic
      amine level of the brain of progeny].
AB  - It has been established in experiments on rats that the action of teturam and
      alcohol on brain biogenic amine metabolism is mediated by males. It has been
      shown that in animals with alcoholic intoxication, teturam does not potentiate
      the effect of alcohol on the content of biogenic amines.

PMID- 4029387
TI  - [Effect of alcohol on the 11-hydroxycorticosteroid and 17-ketogenic steroid
      levels in man taking into account biorhythms].
AB  - Circadian rhythms of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) in blood plasma and 17
      ketogenic steroids (17-KGS) in urine in health and for 3 days after a single
      intake of 40 per cent alcohol (6.2 ml/kg) from 17.00 to 18.00 were studied in 20
      healthy men volunteers aged 20 to 26 years. Alcohol considerably raised the level
      of 11-OHCS and 17-KGS during its circulation in the blood. After ethanol
      elimination was completed, there was a decrease in the level of corticosteroids,
      which was observed even on the 2nd day after alcoholization during rhythm
      acrophases. Alcoholization resulted in variations of the mesors, amplitudes and
      acrophases of circadian rhythms throughout two days. The recovery of normal time
      structure occurred on the 3d day.

PMID- 4029388
TI  - [New psychotropic agents. I. Synthesis and pharmacologic activity of derivatives
      of 5H-imidazo-[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine].
AB  - The synthesis of 5H-imidazo [2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepine derivatives is
      described. Hydroxymethylation of 1-(2-nitrobenzyl)imidazoles by reaction with
      formaldehyde in a sealed tube and subsequent oxidation of hydroxymethylimidazoles
      with activated manganese dioxide afforded 1-(2-nitrobenzyl)imidazole-2
      carboxaldehydes. The latter compounds were treated with iron(II) sulphate to
      yield directly the expected tricyclic imidazobenzodiazepines by intramolecular
      cyclization of the intermediates aminoaldehydes. The tricyclic derivatives were
      subjected to pharmacological screening to evaluate the effects on the behavior of
      the animals and the interaction with some biogenic amines. Some of the tested
      compounds were comparable to chlordiazepoxide in sedative and muscle-relaxant
      activities. None of them showed antiserotonin, anticholinergic or adrenolytic
      activities.

PMID- 4029389
TI  - Modification of the skeletal muscle energy metabolism induced by intermittent
      normobaric hypoxia and treatment with biological pyrimidines.
AB  - Muscular glycolytic fuels, intermediates and end-products (glycogen, glucose,
      glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate, lactate), Krebs cycle intermediates (citrate,
      alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, malate), related free amino acids (glutamate,
      alanine), ammonia, energy store (creatine phosphate), energy mediators (ATP, ADP,
      AMP) and energy charge potential were evaluated. Furthermore the maximum rate
      (Vmax) of the following enzyme activities was evaluated in the crude extract
      and/or mitochondrial fraction: for the anaerobic glycolytic pathway: hexokinase,
      phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase; for the
      tricarboxylic acid cycle: citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase; for the
      electron transfer chain: total NADH cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase.
      The rat gastrocnemius muscles were analysed in normoxia and after normobaric
      intermittent hypoxia (12 hours continuously daily; for 5 days). Cytidine and/or
      uridine were administered daily at the dose of 120 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min before the
      beginning of the experimental hypoxia. The intermittent normobaric hypoxia
      induced a biochemical adaptation characterized by the decrease of the muscular
      contents of creatine phosphate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamate. This
      adaptation occurred in the absence of significant changes in the Vmax of the
      tested muscle enzymes. In gastrocnemius muscle from hypoxic rats, the two
      biological pyrimidines tested induced various discrete, but often related,
      modifications of the contents of some Krebs cycle intermediates (i.e., alpha
      ketoglutarate, malate) and related free amino acids (i.e., glutamate, alanine).
      In any case, the treatment with cytidine and/or uridine did not modify the Vmax
      of marker enzymes related to energy transduction.

PMID- 4029390
TI  - Opioid peptides. VIII. Synthesis and preliminary biological activity of [D-Phe3]-
      or [alpha,beta-dehydro-Phe3]dermorphin tetrapeptides.
AB  - We describe the synthesis and preliminary in vitro pharmacological testing of two
      new tetrapeptide analogues of the opioid heptapeptide dermorphin H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe
      Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2. The replacement of Phe3 by its D-enantiomer was hardly if at
      all tolerated. The unsaturated analogue carrying the phenyl ring of the delta
      Phe3 residue in the Z-configuration, was almost inactive.

PMID- 4029391
TI  - Deoxythymidine pools of human skin and guinea pig organs.
AB  - The activity of antiviral nucleoside analogues like acyclovir is influenced by a
      number of cellular factors, one being the deoxythymidine (dThd) concentration. We
      therefore analysed the dThd concentration in human plasma and skin and in organs
      of guinea pig, the common experimental animal. High-performance liquid
      chromatography showed low amounts of dThd in human skin, 0.20-1.15 nmol/g,
      whereas guinea pig skin and spleen had 20-30 nmol/g and the concentration in
      guinea pig plasma was 10-times higher than in human plasma. These animals are
      therefore in this respect less suitable as accurate models for antiviral
      nucleoside activity in humans.

PMID- 4029392
TI  - Electrochemical detection of biogenic amines following acylation by N
      hydroxysuccinimide esters.
AB  - A general methodology for the selective derivatization of amines, to enable
      quantitation by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection, is presented. N-Hydroxysuccinimide active esters present in large
      excess are suitably mild acylating agents to derivatize selectively trace
      quantities of amines for electrochemical detection. The 2 separate problems of
      extraction yield and detectability can be solved by this derivatization method.
      Due to its lipophilicity the resulting N-acylated amine, as demonstrated with
      serotonin, is extracted efficiently into organic solvents during sample
      preparation for chromatography. Moreover, the acyl group introduced can be
      designed to be electroactive, thus extending the procedure to amines not readily
      oxidized, e.g., histamine and phenylethylamine.

PMID- 4029393
TI  - Increased mitochondrial creatine kinase in chronically stimulated fast-twitch
      rabbit muscle.
AB  - Fractional extraction and isozyme electrophoresis revealed the presence of small
      amounts (2.5% of total cellular activity) of mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK)
      in rabbit fast-twitch muscle. Chronic nerve stimulation resulted in a decrease of
      extramitochondrial MM-CK to 60% of its normal value but induced an approx. 4-fold
      increase in mitochondrial CK. This increase occurred in parallel with the rise in
      enzyme activities of terminal substrate oxidation.

PMID- 4029394
TI  - Biochemical evidence that acetylcholine release from cholinergic nerve terminals
      is mostly vesicular.
AB  - The nature of the intraterminal compartments from which acetylcholine (ACh) is
      released following presynaptic stimulation was investigated. This was pursued by
      examining the effects of the anticholinergic drug 2-(4
      phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (AH5183) on the release of newly synthesized
      [3H]ACh and of endogenous ACh from purified cholinergic nerve terminals
      (synaptosomes) which were isolated from the electric organs of Torpedo.
      Preincubation of the synaptosomes, with AH5183 (1-10 microM), does not affect
      either the intraterminal synthesis of [3H]ACh or the uptake of its precursors,
      but results in a marked inhibition (85%) of the release of the newly synthesized
      [3H]ACh. However, when AH5183 is added following the accumulation of [3H]ACh in
      the nerve terminals, it does not affect [3H]ACh release. AH5183 also has no
      effect on the release of preformed endogenous ACh. These findings, together with
      the previous in vitro demonstrations that AH5183 is a potent inhibitor of ACh
      uptake into isolated cholinergic vesicles, suggest that most of the synaptosomal
      ACh is secreted by a vesicular mechanism.

PMID- 4029395
TI  - Evidence of hemin as an end product inhibitor of L-alanine: 4,5-dioxovalerate
      transaminase in rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - This study describes the in vitro and in vivo effect of hemin on L-alanine:4,5
      dioxovalerate transaminase activity. Hemin was shown to be an inhibitor of the
      purified enzyme and this inhibition was proportional to the concentration of
      hemin. The examined kinetic data with hemin showed uncompetitive inhibition for
      both alanine and 4,5-dioxovalerate. An apparent Ki of 30 and 42 microM for hemin
      were obtained with both alanine and 4,5-dioxovalerate, respectively. Moreover,
      the enzyme activity in liver was considerably decreased after the intravenous
      hemin administration and such an inhibition is dose and time dependent.
      Furthermore, maximum inhibition of the enzyme was observed 30 min after hemin
      injection and 60% enzyme inhibition was achieved with a dose of 1.2 mg/kg body wt
      of rat. Thus is suggests the important role of this enzyme on heme biosynthesis.

PMID- 4029396
TI  - Site specificity of iron removal from transferrin by alpha-ketohydroxypyridine
      chelators.
AB  - The site specificity of the removal of iron from diferric human transferrin, at
      pH 7.4, by two alpha-ketohydroxypyridine chelators, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4
      one (L1) and mimosine, has been investigated using urea-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Chelator L1 removes iron preferentially from the C-terminal site
      whereas mimosine shows a small preference for iron in the N-terminal site. The
      removal of iron has also been followed spectrophotometrically and by monitoring
      the loss of 59Fe from [59Fe]transferrin. Both chelators are able to remove iron
      completely from diferric transferrin without additional mediators or reducing
      agents.

PMID- 4029397
TI  - A monoclonal antibody reacting specifically with ganglioside GD1b in human brain.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal antibody directed against one of the major human brain
      gangliosides, GD1b, has been produced. The antibody binds specifically to the
      carbohydrate structure of GD1b as it does not react with structurally related
      gangliosides like GM1, GD2, GT1b or Fuc-GM1, or any other ganglioside of human
      brain. The results further indicate that terminal galactose as well as the
      disialosyl group linked to the inner galactose moiety are involved in binding to
      the antibody.

PMID- 4029398
TI  - Isolation and chemical characterization of glicentin C-terminal hexapeptide in
      porcine pancreas.
AB  - Using a radioimmunoassay specific for porcine glicentin C-terminal hexapeptide,
      we isolated a peptide from porcine pancreas and characterized it as the C
      terminal 64-69 sequence of glicentin: H-Asn-Lys-Asn-Asn-Ile-Ala-OH. The
      purification steps included gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and HPLC.
      In each step, the recovery of the desired peptide, radioimmunologically estimated
      from the respective elution profile, was 71.4-91.7%. The final yield of the
      hexapeptide was 22 micrograms (4.3%) from 800 g pancreas. The pancreatic content
      of this peptide was estimated to be approximately equimolar to that of pancreatic
      glucagon. No hexapeptide-like component was detected in porcine intestinal
      extracts. The data confirmed that the processing of pancreatic proglucagon
      liberates the C-terminal hexapeptide of the intramolecular glicentin sequence in
      a tissue-specific manner during the production of glucagon.

PMID- 4029399
TI  - Use of phosphorothioate analogs of poly(dA-dT).poly(dAdT) to study steroidal
      diamine induced conformational change in poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT).
AB  - Introduction of phosphorothioate groups into the backbone of poly(dA-dT) allows
      one to label the d(ApT) and d(TpA) phosphate resonances in the 31P NMR spectrum.
      Upon binding the steroidal diamine dipyrandenium to poly d(AsT) and poly d(TsA),
      31P NMR shows that it is the d(ApT) phosphodiester bond which is most perturbed.
      Other work has shown that 2 M Cs+ causes the same 31P shift. The DNA
      conformational change induced by both cations probably involves a narrowing of
      the minor groove.

PMID- 4029401
TI  - Abdominal staging surgery.

PMID- 4029400
TI  - Sequence homologies among mitochondrial DNA-coded URF2, URF4 and URF5.
AB  - Amino acid sequences coded for by 13 different genes of mammalian mitochondrial
      DNA (mtDNA) including 8 unassigned open reading frames (URFs) were compared in
      pairs. It was found that significant homologies exist among the amino acid
      sequences of the three URFs (URF2, URF4 and URF5) with a probability of
      occurrence of less than 10(-5). This result strongly suggests that the 3 URFs
      evolved from a single ancestral gene by a series of gene duplications. A
      phylogenetic tree based on the alignment of the URF sequences from mammals, an
      insect, a fungus and protozoa revealed a very remote divergence of the 3 URFs,
      going back to a time before separations of animal/protozoa and animal/fungus.

PMID- 4029402
TI  - The health of rectal cancer patients in the community.
AB  - Surviving rectal cancer patients living in five health districts were identified
      through cancer registrations. Four hundred and twenty (91%) were interviewed at
      home by health visitors to assess their physical, social and psychological
      health. In most respects, the health of rectal cancer patients overall was
      similar to that of the general population of the same age, sex and social
      circumstances. However, those with a colostomy (63%) were more likely to be
      severely depressed, socially isolated and stigmatized. They also suffered more
      from physical problems, particularly urinary symptoms, flatus and offensive bowel
      motions. The pressure of a colostomy was associated with reduced sexual capacity,
      though not with lack of sexual interest. The results confirm the high
      psychological and social costs of a permanent colostomy.

PMID- 4029403
TI  - Study of the histochemical changes in mucus from normal and tumour bearing mucosa
      in patients with colorectal cancer.
AB  - The prognosis in colorectal cancer is related to the stage of the tumour. Thus,
      early detection of developing tumours will significantly improve the overall
      prognosis. This study assessed the histochemical changes in mucus from normal and
      tumour bearing mucosa to determine possible premalignant changes. Eighty patients
      with colorectal cancer and ten normal subjects were studied. Biopsies were taken
      from the tumour and from adjacent 'normal' mucosa and from both resection edges.
      Sections were stained with high iron diamine-alcian blue to distinguish sulphated
      from sialomucins. All normal mucosal biopsies showed a predominantly sulphated
      mucin pattern. By contrast, all 70 tumour mucosal biopsies showed a marked
      sialomucin staining. In transitional mucosa adjacent to the tumour, 30 patients
      showed marked increase in sialomucin (2+), 42 a moderate increase (+) and the
      remaining eight a normal pattern (-ve). Twenty-one (15%) patients had increased
      sialomucin at either surgical resection margins, all of whom had similar changes
      adjacent to the tumour, suggesting a wide field change in the mucus pattern.
      Since these changes in mucus are associated with malignant transformation then
      estimation of mucus pattern may give early prediction of malignant change in
      patients at risk of developing primary or recurrent carcinoma.

PMID- 4029404
TI  - The functional results following primary treatment of breast cancer with breast
      conservation.
AB  - Forty-seven patients who had local excision ('lumpectomy') and radical
      radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast in 1982 were assessed at 1 year for the
      functional result. The appearance of both breast was identical in 34%, while in
      10% serious distortion had occurred. No matchline effect or severe telangiectasia
      were seen, and no patient had arm oedema, restricted arm movements or severe
      pain. The results were not significantly better (1) following iridium
      implantation than external boost, (2) after periareolar rather than other
      incisions, and (3) in patients with small and medium rather than large breasts.

PMID- 4029405
TI  - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of primary carcinoma and response to
      endocrine or cytotoxic drug therapies in patients with advanced breast cancer.
AB  - The DNA content of primary carcinomas was estimated colorimetrically in 111
      patients with carcinoma of the breast who subsequently developed metastatic
      disease. The data were analysed to investigate whether these measurements will
      assist clinicians in predicting: survival from mastectomy or recurrence, the
      likelihood of response to the first endocrine or the first cytotoxic drug
      therapy, duration of response amongst responders to these treatments, and time to
      treatment failure (TTTF). The DNA content of primary carcinomas failed to predict
      the clinical course of the disease for patients who underwent endocrine
      treatments. In patients who were treated by cytotoxic drug therapies, only the
      duration of response amongst responders to these therapies was significantly
      shorter in cases where the DNA content was high. The DNA content of carcinomas
      failed to give any useful information on other parameters. It is concluded that
      these measurements are unlikely to be of prognostic value in these cases.

PMID- 4029406
TI  - The treatment of early (T1) glottic and supra-glottic carcinoma: does partial
      laryngectomy have a place?
AB  - A series of 900 patients with laryngeal carcinoma is described. Patients with
      glottic T1N0 tumours were treated by radiotherapy with a 5-year survival of 92%.
      Seven per cent of patients suffered recurrence and most were salvaged by surgery:
      vertical hemilaryngectomy was occasionally useful as a salvage procedure.
      Patients with supra-glottic T1N0 tumours were treated for the first 7 years by
      supra-glottic laryngectomy and prophylactic neck dissection and thereafter by
      radiotherapy. The results were equally good in both series: a 5-year survival of
      75-80%. Salvage surgery for failed radiotherapy or surgery for supra-glottic
      carcinoma gave poor results.

PMID- 4029407
TI  - Allopurinol mouthwashes and 5-fluorouracil induced oral toxicity.
AB  - Allopurinol has been shown to decrease the gastro-intestinal and bone marrow
      toxicity of 5-fluorouracil. In an attempt to diminish mucositis resulting from 5
      fluorouracil administration, whilst not affecting its systemic anti-tumour
      activity, an allopurinol mouthwash has been used. In six patients who experienced
      mucositis when treated initially with 5-fluorouracil, the use of an allopurinol
      mouthwash with subsequent courses resulted in a reduction of oral toxicity.

PMID- 4029408
TI  - The choroid--an unusual site for metastasis in patients with adenocarcinoma of
      the rectum--a case report.
AB  - Metastatic carcinoma is the commonest malignant tumour of the eye and usually
      presents with a disturbance of vision. A rare case of choroidal metastasis
      secondary to adenocarcinoma of the rectum is reported to emphasize the need to
      investigate visual symptoms in patients with known or suspected malignant
      disease.

PMID- 4029409
TI  - Mesothelioma--short latent period after industrial asbestos exposure and
      prolonged survival.

PMID- 4029410
TI  - Breast lobular carcinoma in a fibroadenoma.
AB  - Lobular carcinoma arising in a fibroadenoma is a rare occurrence. A case is
      reported and literature is reviewed. Carcinomas developing in fibroadenomas are
      not intrinsically different from those not related to fibroadenomas. Prognosis
      and treatment are the same as for carcinomas of the same type arising outside and
      independently of fibroadenomas.

PMID- 4029412
TI  - Computer memories and word processors.

PMID- 4029411
TI  - Metastatic oligodendroglioma presenting as a leukoerythroblastic anaemia.
AB  - The clinical course of a patient with oligodendroglioma, treated initially with
      surgery and radiotherapy, is described. The patient later presented with
      leukoerythroblastic anaemia due to metastasis to bone marrow. This behaviour had
      not been previously described in oligodendroglioma.

PMID- 4029413
TI  - Vascular access for intravenous chemotherapy: totally implanted systems.
AB  - This is a prospective study conducted in order to evaluate totally implanted
      venous access systems. The report concerning 42 patients is presented. The follow
      up is 5 to 17 months (median 9 months). A variety of antineoplastic agents were
      administered through the device. Complications rarely occur and after utilization
      all patients are still treated in this way. Physician-, nurse- and patient
      acceptance were excellent and this system appears to improve the quality of life
      style of cancer patients.

PMID- 4029414
TI  - The use of sulphur hyperthermia in cancer.

PMID- 4029415
TI  - President Reagan signs bill requiring "no fewer than" 6,200 new NIH grants in FY
      85.

PMID- 4029416
TI  - Quinacrine nonsurgical female sterilization: a reassessment of safety and
      efficacy.

PMID- 4029418
TI  - Isthmic ectopic pregnancy: segmental resection as the treatment of choice.
AB  - We reviewed the records of 12 patients who were admitted to Yale-New Haven
      Hospital between February 1979 and January 1983 with the diagnosis of isthmic
      ectopic pregnancy. All pregnancies were unruptured. Two patients were managed by
      salpingectomy. Ten patients were treated conservatively. Of the women managed by
      conservative surgery, four had a linear salpingostomy and none of the four
      conceived. Three of these four patients demonstrated occlusion of the operated
      tube by hysterosalpingogram (HSG). The other six patients were managed by
      segmental resection and delayed microsurgical anastomosis. Four of the six
      patients conceived. Three pregnancies were intrauterine and one was an ectopic
      pregnancy in the conserved tube. Three patients conceived before an HSG could be
      done. The remaining three patients had HSGs 3 to 4 months after anastomosis, and
      the operated tube was patent in all three. From these data and a review of the
      literature, we conclude that segmental resection with either immediate or delayed
      anastomosis appears preferable to linear salpingostomy for the conservative
      management of unruptured isthmic ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 4029417
TI  - Four-year follow-up of insertion of quinacrine hydrochloride pellets as a means
      of nonsurgical female sterilization.
AB  - Eighty-four women were admitted to a study in Baroda, India, designed for
      evaluation of the efficacy of three transcervical insertions of quinacrine
      hydrochloride pellets, each 1 month apart, in producing occlusion of the
      oviducts. A 4-year follow-up has been completed for 100% of the women. Three
      women became pregnant during the time between the first and third
      administrations. Of the 81 women remaining in the study after administrations
      were complete, 3 became pregnant during the 4-year follow-up period, which
      resulted in a cumulative life-table pregnancy rate of 3.7 at 48 months. The
      results of this study indicate that intrauterine insertion of quinacrine pellets
      can be a safe, effective nonsurgical sterilization procedure.

PMID- 4029419
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy and antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - Ectopic pregnancy is one of the most serious sequelae to acute salpingitis.
      Chlamydia trachomatis seems to be the most common etiologic agent of acute
      salpingitis. In the present study, we tested whether women with ectopic pregnancy
      had serologic evidence of a current or past chlamydial infection. Sixty-five
      percent of the women with ectopic pregnancy had IgG serum antibodies to C.
      trachomatis, and 21% of women pregnant in utero had such antibodies. Eleven
      percent of women with infertile husbands, 42% of women with cervicitis, and 69%
      of women with salpingitis had IgG serum antibodies to C. trachomatis. In women
      with ectopic pregnancy, there was a correlation between the occurrence of IgG
      antibodies and a history of salpingitis or gross evidence of a previous tubal
      inflammation. We conclude that previous chlamydial salpingitis may be a major
      etiologic factor leading to ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 4029420
TI  - Embryo transfer technique as a cause of ectopic pregnancies in in vitro
      fertilization.
AB  - Against an overall risk of around 2% ectopic pregnancies in in vitro
      fertilization programs around the world, we report an incidence more than three
      times greater (5 tubal ectopic pregnancies in 80 clinical in vitro fertilization
      pregnancies). Of two techniques used for embryo transfers, one produced a
      significantly higher risk for ectopic pregnancy (P less than 0.05). Four of the
      ectopic pregnancies occurred in a small group of 24 patients in whom the embryo
      transfer technique attempted to deliver the embryos at the uterine fundus (mean
      distance of catheter insertion 62.9 +/- 7.9 mm from the external cervical os).
      Only one ectopic pregnancy occurred in 56 patients whose embryos were transferred
      to a standard, generally midcavity position. It is concluded that the delivery
      catheter need be inserted only 55 mm as a routine and less in patients with a
      shortened cervix or with the hypoplastic uterus usually encountered in women with
      primary ovarian failure who have ovum or embryo donation. In such cases an
      ultrasonic measurement of length may indicate that a shorter transfer distance is
      required.

PMID- 4029421
TI  - Estradiol in saliva for monitoring follicular stimulation in an in vitro
      fertilization program.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed to compare serum and
      saliva estradiol (E2) levels in patients undergoing ovulation induction in an in
      vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program. Serum and saliva E2
      were compared in 23 patients. The sensitivity of the saliva RIA standard curve
      was 11 fmol/tube (equal to 3.2 pg/tube). There was a highly significant
      correlation between serum and saliva E2 throughout the stimulated cycles (r =
      0.769; P less than 0.001). The ratio of serum to saliva E2 was constant
      throughout the stimulated cycles (1.7% +/- 0.3%, mean +/- standard deviation
      [SD]). The E2 concentration per follicle was 1548 pmol/l in serum and 23 pmol/l
      in saliva. Mean E2 levels in saliva (+/- SD) were 74 +/- 21 pmol/l at midcycle
      and 46 +/- 12 pmol/l at midluteal phase. The findings indicate that measurement
      of saliva E2 provides a reliable, noninvasive method and may replace serum
      measurements for monitoring stimulated cycles in an IVF-ET program.

PMID- 4029422
TI  - Analysis of the outcome of in vitro fertilization in relation to the timing of
      human chorionic gonadotropin administration by the duration of estradiol rise in
      stimulated cycles.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was carried out to assess the outcome of ovarian
      stimulation on in vitro fertilization when human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was
      administered after 5, 6, or 7 days of continuously rising plasma estradiol (E2).
      There was no significant difference in the number and size of large follicles in
      each group although the number of small follicles (less than 15 mm in diameter)
      decreased significantly after 7 days of E2 rise. After hCG injection in the 7-day
      group, the E2 level fell below the previous day's value in 40% of patients,
      whereas a similar fall was observed in only 16% of patients in the 5- and 6-day
      groups. In those cycles where a luteinizing hormone surge occurred, most surges
      were detected during the seventh day of E2 rise. The pregnancy rate was 31% when
      hCG was given after 6 days of rising E2, 21% after 5 days, and 14% after 7 days.
      In patients achieving pregnancy in the 6-day group, 53% of embryos were derived
      from leading follicles. In the 7-day group, only 15% of embryos associated with
      pregnancies were derived from leading follicles. These results strongly suggest
      that in stimulated cycles, hCG should be administered after 6 days of
      continuously rising E2. It is therefore postulated that 6 days of rising E2
      represents a mean optimal period for follicular growth and oocyte maturation in
      stimulated cycles.

PMID- 4029423
TI  - Treatment of idiopathic infertility, cervical mucus hostility, and male
      infertility: artificial insemination with husband's semen or in vitro
      fertilization?
AB  - Couples with male infertility (n = 86), idiopathic infertility (n = 68), and
      cervical mucus hostility (n = 48) of a long duration were treated either by in
      vitro fertilization (IVF) or artificial insemination with husband's semen (AIH).
      The incidence of pregnancy per cycle in couples in whom the male partner was
      infertile was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher after IVF, compared with
      AIH (21% versus 5%, respectively). The differences were most apparent in couples
      with asthenospermia (47% versus 0%, respectively); no significant difference was
      found when the infertility was caused by oligospermia only (11% versus 9%,
      respectively). More patients with idiopathic infertility became pregnant after
      one cycle with IVF, compared with AIH (20% versus 8%, respectively); but, because
      of intragroup disparity in size, this difference was not significant. A highly
      significant difference (P less than 0.01) was found after one attempt with IVF,
      compared with AIH, in patients with cervical mucus hostility (38% versus 3%,
      respectively).

PMID- 4029424
TI  - Variances in mucus architecture as a cause of cervical factor infertility.
AB  - A cervical factor accounts for 5% to 10% of infertility among women. In the
      absence of an immunologic or endocrine-related basis for incompetent sperm/mucus
      interaction, an idiopathic cause is usually ascribed. This study describes
      quantitative analyses of the microstructure of mucin strands, observed under
      scanning electron microscopy, from infertile women displaying incompetent
      sperm/mucus interaction unrelated to any apparent immunologic or endocrine
      associated cause. The results revealed a highly significant reduction in the
      spacing of mucin fibers incompatible to sperm penetrability and migration.
      Additional quantitative measurements of mucin strand diameter and number and
      geometry of strand crosslinks suggest inadequate hydration of the mucin gel as a
      causative basis for the structural inadequacies observed in some cases of
      cervical-factor infertility.

PMID- 4029425
TI  - Measuring early pregnancy loss: laboratory and field methods.
AB  - We intensively studied 30 women attempting pregnancy in order to lay groundwork
      for larger studies of early pregnancy loss. These women collected first morning
      urine specimens for up to 6 months after discontinuing use of birth control.
      Urine specimens were successfully collected for 98% of the woman-days in the
      study. Three assays for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were performed on each
      urine specimen. An immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) specific to the carboxyterminal
      peptide of the hCG beta-chain proved to be more sensitive and more specific than
      two radioimmunoassays (RIAs). Using the IRMA, we found four cases in which hCG
      rose and fell over successive days, consistent with early pregnancy loss. For
      three of these four cases, the level of hCG was too low to be detectable with the
      RIAs. Among the control group of five women with tubal ligations, there was no
      detectable hCG above threshold with the IRMA. Thus, the enhanced sensitivity and
      specificity of the IRMA allows very early pregnancy losses to be identified that
      would otherwise be undetectable. Furthermore, its effectiveness with small
      quantities of first morning urine makes the IRMA a useful tool for epidemiologic
      studies.

PMID- 4029426
TI  - Male factor evaluation in in vitro fertilization: Norfolk experience.
AB  - Thirty-three patients from the in vitro fertilization (IVF) program at Norfolk
      are critically reviewed. A battery of tests was designed and an endocrine
      investigation was carried out on these patients. The fertilization rate for
      preovulatory oocytes was lower than in the normal male population (39.6% versus
      88.6%). When total concentration of sperm with rapidly progressive motility was
      less than 6 X 10(5), to fertilize several eggs together the fertilization rate
      was zero. No fertilization was obtained when the number of sperm with rapidly
      progressive motility recovered after the separation was less than 1.5 X 10(6).
      The hamster zona-free oocyte penetration test correlated well with the human IVF
      system. The other parameters investigated did not show good correlation. When
      fertilization was achieved, the results of the IVF procedure in the series
      reviewed rendered a 30.8% pregnancy rate per transfer in 26 transfers. Fifty
      percent of the pregnancies were normal (either ongoing or delivered). Thirty
      seven percent were preclinical miscarriages, and 12.5% were clinical abortions.
      In the abnormal male population, higher concentrations of sperm per egg should be
      used for insemination for achievement of optimum fertilization rates. Once
      fertilization is obtained, the results do not differ substantially from the IVF
      population at large.

PMID- 4029428
TI  - Variation of semen measures within normal men.
AB  - Variation in semen measures was assessed bimonthly in 15 healthy men over a 6
      month period. Average within-subject coefficients of variation for sperm count,
      morphologic features, motility, and semen volume demonstrate considerable
      variation. Each day of abstinence increased the volume by an increment of 0.62
      ml, the count by 17.6 X 10(6)/ml, and motility by 1.2%. Sperm count and semen
      volume correlated positively within subjects. Intraclass and serial correlations
      of semen measures provided an empirical clinical guide to the number and spacing
      of specimens. Three specimens spaced no more than 2 weeks apart established a
      reliable semen profile. Findings can be applied to basic research and clinical
      practice.

PMID- 4029427
TI  - Correlation between the direct IgG MAR test (mixed antiglobulin reaction test)
      and seminal analysis in men from infertile couples.
AB  - The direct IgG mixed antiglobulin reaction (IgG MAR) test was carried out in 395
      male subjects from infertile couples, selected on the basis of their seminal
      characteristics (sperm concentration greater than 10 X 10(6)/ml, sperm motility
      greater than 10%); attempts were made to correlate results with the seminologic
      aspects of the ejaculate. A significant correlation was observed between a
      positive MAR test and spontaneous sperm autogglutination. No correlation was
      observed, however, between test positivity and concentration, motility and sperm
      morphologic features, the macroscopic aspects studied (viscosity,
      fluidification), or increased concentration of leukocytes.

PMID- 4029429
TI  - Properties of human epididymal sperm obtained from an alloplastic spermatocele:
      motility assessment and penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes in the presence
      and absence of caffeine.
AB  - Sperm were collected over a period of months from a human alloplastic
      spermatocele implanted at the corpus/caudal epididymal junction and were
      evaluated for their maturity, motility, and ability to capacitate and acrosome
      react, as assessed by the hamster zona-free oocyte sperm penetration assay (SPA).
      A mean of 11 X 10(6) sperm were obtained with each aspiration, with 34% to 40%
      being mature, normal forms. Motility was poor; 15% +/- 5% showing nonprogressive
      movement. SPA results were 22% +/- 3% oocyte penetration. Addition of 7.5 mM
      caffeine markedly enhanced motility and improved the SPA results. After 30
      minutes' exposure, the motility was 45% +/- 5%, with all spermatozoa exhibiting
      progressive movement. This stimulation was maintained over a 24-hour period. When
      caffeine was present during the 2-hour preincubation for the SPA, penetration
      rates increased to 50% +/- 10% (P less than 0.05). These results demonstrate that
      the poor-quality sperm retrieved from a human alloplastic spermatocele can be
      improved with exogenous stimulation and suggest that their fertilizing capacity
      may be enhanced by this treatment.

PMID- 4029430
TI  - The effect of relaxin on the motility of sperm in freshly thawed human semen.
AB  - In an attempt to improve the motility of thawed spermatozoa after 1 week of its
      being frozen, we treated ten normal semen samples with 16.7 nmol relaxin and 6
      mmol caffeine. Motility and grade of forward progression were examined after
      thawing. Caffeine significantly improved motility of spermatozoa. Relaxin, when
      added to semen at the time of thawing, improved motility and grade of forward
      progression significantly. This effect was not seen if relaxin was added before
      freezing. These results suggest that the biologic activity of relaxin is
      adversely affected by freezing and thawing in seminal plasma. These observations
      may have clinical importance for the improvement of motility of frozen
      spermatozoan samples at the time of artificial insemination and for the possible
      improvement of pregnancy rates.

PMID- 4029431
TI  - Improved semen quality after a short-interval second ejaculation.

PMID- 4029432
TI  - Absorbable external rings for anastomosis of the fallopian tubes: a feasibility
      study.
AB  - A novel approach to tubotubal anastomosis with external, absorbable, ring-shaped
      devices was evaluated. Fallopian tubes of female Sprague-Dawley rats were
      transected and coagulated and either left divided or anastomosed with
      microsurgical technique, with or without external rings. Postoperative patency
      and pregnancy rates were used to evaluate the procedures. Transected and
      coagulated fallopian tubes remained occluded at the time of repeated surgery, and
      no implantations were observed in the corresponding uterine horns. Of ten
      fallopian tubes anastomosed without the ring, five were patent and five were
      partially blocked. All ten fallopian tubes anastomosed with the external rings
      were fully open. Implantation sites were observed in four of ten uterine horns
      corresponding to fallopian tubes anastomosed without the ring and in eight of ten
      horns anastomosed with the external ring. The difference was statistically
      significant, P = to 0.03. All external rings were completely absorbed 7 weeks
      after anastomosis. The new technique was simpler to perform and was less time
      consuming. We conclude that tubotubal anastomosis with external rings may offer
      advantages over the conventional technique.

PMID- 4029433
TI  - A modified technique for aspiration of oocytes from human ovarian follicles.

PMID- 4029434
TI  - Infertile men and in vitro fertilization therapy.

PMID- 4029435
TI  - [Spontaneous and evoked activity of neurons of the deep structures of the brain
      in response to anodal polarization].
AB  - In cats, the effect of anodal polarization on the spontaneous unit activity of
      the caudate nucleus, MGB, center median and on the evoked unit activity of the
      MGB during sound stimulation, was studied. The polarization (300-500 microA for 1
      3 min, at the distance up to 3 mm from the polarizing electrode) caused a
      reversible inhibition of the spontaneous and evoked unit activity followed by a
      prolonged aftereffect: inhibition of the spontaneous discharges for 4-10 min and
      disappearance of the evoked unit responses for 5-20 min.

PMID- 4029436
TI  - [Steady potential dynamics in hypothalamic structures in response to a tolerogen
      and an immunogen].
AB  - DC potential shifts due to induction of immune tolerance and immune memory were
      studied in hypothalamic structures. The lost capability of immune cooperation
      after tolerogen administration was accompanied by a monophasic negative shift of
      DC potential. Immunogen administration induced a positive shift of DC potential
      within 1-3 days. An immunogen fraction induced a pyrogenic response. There seems
      to be a correlation between the pyrogenic and immunogenic actions of antigens and
      the reorganization of hypothalamic neurons function.

PMID- 4029437
TI  - [Oscillating potentials of the retina and superior colliculi and correlations
      with neuronal activity].
AB  - The oscillatory potentials of retina and superior colliculus induced with
      photostimuli were studied in unanesthetized rabbits. Increasing intensity of
      light flashes induces a better correlation of the responses in these structures.
      A common genesis of the oscillatory processes and neuronal activity was revealed.
      The peculiarities of formation of the short-latency responses in the superior
      colliculus and the specificity of generation of the responses of photostimuli of
      extreme brightness, are discussed.

PMID- 4029438
TI  - [Overall synchronized response of the inferior colliculi to lateralization of
      complex sounds].
AB  - Interaural differences in time, intensity or phase introduced into a different
      frequency component of complex sounds results in changes of amplitude and form of
      the frequency following response depending on the frequency and phase ranges of
      the sounds. This relationship may be due to physical differences in stimulation
      of both ears, i. e. to differences in the sound wave forms and, consequently, in
      conditions of the convergence of both monaural afferent inflows.

PMID- 4029439
TI  - [Changes in intraocular pressure in response to experimental testing of the
      amygdaloid complex].
AB  - Prolonged electrical stimulation of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus increased the
      intraocular pressure, the secretion of the intraocular fluid and the amount of
      proteins and glycosaminoglycans in it. Bilateral electrolysis of the lateral
      amygdaloid nucleus caused a resistant decrease of the intraocular pressure due to
      reduced secretion and to increase of the outflow coefficient of the intraocular
      fluid.

PMID- 4029440
TI  - [Effect of sympathetic denervation on the outflow of intraocular fluid and the
      concentration of pyrocatechins in the fluids and tissues of the eye].
AB  - After removal of the supper cervical sympathetic ganglion in cats followed by
      increase of the intraocular pressure from 20 to 32 mm Hg, the outflow of
      intraocular fluid was sharply enhanced due to lowering tone of tissues of the eye
      drainage apparatus in the desympathised eye. Noradrenaline was found to reduce
      sharply by the 4th-5th day in the desympathised eye's tissues due to degenerative
      processes whereas accumulation of noradrenaline by the 6th-8th day occurred on
      account of humoral factors.

PMID- 4029441
TI  - [Background activity of neurons of the tracheal plexus in the rat].
AB  - Morphological structure of the nerve plexus of the rat tracheal dorsal muscle
      wall is described and electrophysiological data on neuronal activity of this
      plexus are presented. Extracellular recording revealed two types of spontaneous
      activity including a single-spike type and a serial-spike type. The presence of
      excitatory and inhibitory interaction between neurons of a single ganglion is
      shown. Characteristic features of the tracheal part are discussed in comparison
      with other parts of the metasympathetic system.

PMID- 4029442
TI  - [Effect of temperature on heterometric autoregulation of the heart].
AB  - In heart-lung preparation of cats, the heart load was increased 1.5-fold. The
      cooling from 38 degrees C to 25 degrees C did not affect the relative changes of
      hemodynamics under the load which suggests physical nature of the main links of
      heterometric autoregulation. On the other hand the data obtained show a certain
      commonness of Starling's law and Anrep's phenomenon as different manifestations
      of this regulation.

PMID- 4029443
TI  - [Oxygen tension in the intact and neuronally-isolated cortex].

PMID- 4029444
TI  - [Effect of reserpine on inhibition of preganglionic neurons induced by
      stimulation of the vagus nerve].

PMID- 4029445
TI  - [Effect of several anticholinesterase agents on the permeability of ocular
      vessels in the rabbit].

PMID- 4029446
TI  - [Membrane potential fixation using an oscillograph].

PMID- 4029447
TI  - A patient with progressive monoarticular arthritis: medical grand rounds at the
      Medical Center of Delaware.

PMID- 4029448
TI  - Group G streptococcal arthritis associated with adenocarcinoma of the colon.

PMID- 4029449
TI  - Alcoholic ketoacidosis in pregnancy: a case report and review.

PMID- 4029451
TI  - Lyme disease.

PMID- 4029450
TI  - Treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure with doxapram: a
      case report.

PMID- 4029452
TI  - Let's set the record straight.

PMID- 4029453
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of tobacco abuse.

PMID- 4029454
TI  - Cigarette smoking and lung cancer: a modern tragedy.

PMID- 4029455
TI  - Achieving a smoke-free society.

PMID- 4029456
TI  - Smoking during pregnancy.

PMID- 4029457
TI  - Immunomodulation of experimental malaria by MDP.

PMID- 4029458
TI  - Incrimination of Anopheles minimus Theobald and Anopheles balabacensis
      balabacensis Baisas (A. dirus) as malaria vectors in Mizoram.

PMID- 4029459
TI  - Studies on the incidence of malaria in Gadarpur town of Terai, Distt. Nainital,
      U.P.

PMID- 4029460
TI  - Contact sensitivity in children and adults with atopic dermatitis--a
      chronological study.
AB  - 61 atopic dermatitis patients were subjected to a second patch testing 3-15 years
      (average 7.3 years) after the first contact sensitivity examination. The
      comparison between the results of the two studies revealed that 26.2% of patients
      had been sensitive to one or more haptens at the first patch testing and that
      24.6% reacted positively at the second. 9 subjects (14.8%) still manifest contact
      sensitivity, while 6 (9.8%) reversed to positivity and 7 (11.5%) to negativity.
      The chemicals most frequently involved were nickel sulphate, potassium
      dichromate, benzoyl peroxide, diphenylguanidine. This study demonstrates that
      contact reactions are not linked to susceptibility to skin irritants in atopic
      dermatitis patients and that they tend to increase with time.

PMID- 4029461
TI  - Prednisolone pulse therapy for childhood systemic lupus erythematosus with
      prominent dermatomyositis. A case report.
AB  - A 10-year-old boy with systemic lupus erythematosus exhibiting prominent features
      of dermatomyositis has been treated with 600 mg prednisolone intravenously per
      day on 3 consecutive days. Clinical and serologic improvement started after the
      first course of pulse therapy, and was remarkable during a second course. Basic
      treatment using oral prednisolone is recommended.

PMID- 4029462
TI  - Comparison of the short-duration dithranol and Dithrocream therapy in the
      treatment of psoriasis.
AB  - Short-duration dithranol therapy (SDDT) was compared to Dithrocream therapy in an
      open trial for the treatment of psoriasis. SDDT is based on the application of
      highly concentrated (1-2%) dithranol (anthralin) for a short period of time (10
      20 min) and appeared to be clearly less staining and more comfortable than
      Dithrocream (0.1-0.5%). Both treatment methods appeared to be clinically
      effective; the SDDT method was slightly more effective than Dithrocream in this
      study.

PMID- 4029463
TI  - Repigmentation of vitiligo macules treated topically with Efudix cream.
AB  - Repigmentation has been observed under the influence of topically administered
      Efudix cream in 3 patients with vitiligo of symmetrical acral type. No response
      has been received in 2 patients with segmental vitiligo treated in the same way.
      Recurrence of vitiligo was seen in 1 patient. Histologic and electron microscopic
      characterization of recolonized melanocytes is described. The significance of
      topical 5-fluorouracil treatment in vitiligo is discussed.

PMID- 4029464
TI  - Purpuric vasculitis due to tartrazine.

PMID- 4029465
TI  - Cell cycle time and life-span of cells in the mouse eye. Measurements during the
      postfetal period using repeated 3H-thymidine injections.
AB  - In this investigation the cell cycle time and the life-span of cells in different
      tissues of the mouse eye were determined during postfetal development not with
      single but, instead, by means of repeated 3H-thymidine injections. The potential
      of this method applied for the first time in the mammalian eye, is thoroughly
      discussed. Essentially, four groups of 19-21 mice each, aged 1, 10, 20, and 60
      days at the start of the experiment, received intraperitoneal injections of 3H
      thymidine at a dose of 1 microCi/g body weight every 4 h for a maximum of 14
      days, i.e. a total of up to 85 injections. Further animals were sacrificed after
      the 13th, 19th, 25th, 31st, 37th, 49th, 61st, 73rd, and 85th injections, i.e. 2,
      3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days after the start of the experiment. When all
      the injections had been given, animals from each group were sacrificed on the
      1st, 4th, 8th, 16th, and sometimes the 32rd, 48th, and 64th days, respectively,
      after the last injection. With this experimental paradigm it was possible: (1) to
      determine the cell cycle time and the life-span of the cells during postfetal
      development up to maturity without gaps; (2) to establish the end of the
      development by means of cell proliferation in various tissues of the mouse eye;
      herewith it was possible to determine the times at which the development by cell
      proliferation is replaced by development by cell differentiation, and (3) to
      clearly prove in which mature ocular tissues cell turnover still exists and in
      which it does not; this appears to be especially important, since in recent years
      the importance of cell proliferation process following injury and stimulation was
      also recognized in the eye, for example, in massive periretinal proliferation in
      connection with retinal detachment and retinal surgery, as well as in endothelial
      injuries following intraocular lens implantation; only when normal conditions are
      known can pathological proliferative processes be recognized as such and be
      distinguished from normal ones. The results are cumulatively represented in
      tabular form, from which details are to be extracted. As expected, cell cycle
      times are very short and seemingly homogeneous in tissues which develop within
      themselves, but become longer and inhomogeneous, except in the inner and outer
      granular layer of the retina, in which the cell proliferation comes to a
      particularly abrupt end. The shortest cell cycle time occurred in the cells of
      the vascular walls of the retina at the time of birth and was 24 h.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4029466
TI  - Evidence of early impairment of parasympathetic reflexes in insulin dependent
      diabetics without autonomic symptoms.
AB  - Cardiovascular (CV) autonomic functions were assessed in 50 insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients and in 30 controls using a battery of autonomic tests: Valsalva
      Manoeuvre (VR), Deep Breathing (DB), Lying-to-Standing (LS), Sustained Handgrip
      (SHG) and Postural Hypotension (PH). The results were compared with those
      obtained from a study of cardiac resting adjustment to different static postures
      (quiet lying and standing). 10 diabetics with abnormal responses to the majority
      of tests were considered affected by Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy (DAN); 15 with
      some abnormal of borderline responses were defined much less than Borderlines
      much greater than. The remaining 25 diabetics, while displaying lower values than
      the controls in parasympathetic tests, had much less than normal much greater
      than autonomic responses. The VR mean (+/- SD) value was 1.71 +/- 31 in much less
      than normal much greater than diabetics and 2.01 +/- 0.29 in controls (p less
      than 0.001); the DB mean value was 20.6 +/- 87 and 28 +/- 8.13 (p less than
      0.001), and the LS mean value 1.16 +/- 0.12 and 1.33 +/- 0.18 (p less than 0.001)
      respectively. No significant differences were found in the sympathetic tests
      (SHG, PH). However Heart Rate (HR) adjustment of diabetics with normal CV
      responses to immobile standing (RR mean 783 +/- 136 ms) and lying (RR mean
      increment of 25 +/- 11%; p less than 0.001) was similar to that of controls who
      had a resting HR standing (RR mean 749 +/- 104 ms) and lying (RR mean 884 +/- 116
      ms) with a mean increment of 20.2 +/- 10.9% (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029467
TI  - Microheterogeneity of serum glycosyl albumin in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Proteins purified by affinity chromatography on Blue-Sepharose CL-6B from serum
      of 10 normal controls and 19 Type I diabetic patients were studied by means of
      combined ultrathin isoelectric focusing and photochemical silver stain. While
      only a single band of protein (characterized as albumin by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis) with a pI of 4.7 was found in serum of normal subjects, 10
      out of the diabetic group showed some bands of proteins with a pI greater than
      4.7 and a single one with a pI less than 4.7. Concanavalin A-Sepharose removed
      all these bands with altered pIs which were further characterized as albumin by
      fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis of the eluates from Concanavalin A-Sepharose,
      direct immunofixation after isoelectric focusing of proteins with high purified
      anti-albumin antibodies, SDS-polyacrylamide gradient pore electrophoresis,
      aminoacidic analysis. The gas-chromatographic analysis of carbohydrates released
      from both the albumin bound to Concanavalin A-Sepharose and that not bound,
      revealed in addition to two unidentified peaks, the presence of glucose,
      galactose and mannose whose contents were greatly increased in albumin with
      affinity for the lectin. Serum glycosyl albumin concentration was not
      statistically different in serum of diabetic patients displaying cationic
      glycosyl albumin in comparison to patients without these proteins (0.2261 +/-
      0.0186 versus 0.1874 +/- 0.015 nmole HMF/nmole albumin), whereas the first group
      showed statistically higher urinary excretion rates of albumin (28.6 +/- 1.2
      micrograms/min versus 4.6 +/- 0.2 micrograms/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4029468
TI  - Nutritive toe skin capillaries in middle-aged patients with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Vital capillary microscopy was employed in a study of the toe dorsum capillaries
      in 92 middle-aged diabetics and 96 controls of similar age and sex distribution.
      As a general finding most vision fields in the same toe showed an almost
      identical capillary pattern. In 17% of the toes in the controls compared to about
      35% of the toes in the patients the capillaries were dilated more than 3 times.
      Such findings were unrelated to blood glucose control and a number of metabolic
      variables. In the patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes an abnormal
      capillary pattern was particularly common in patients with evidence of
      obstructive arterial disease. Such a relationship was not observed in patients
      with insulin-dependent diabetes in whom changes in the capillary pattern to a
      higher extent may be related to other mechanisms such as neuropathy.

PMID- 4029469
TI  - Increased labile hemoglobin glycosylation in opiate addicts: an unclear
      phenomenon.

PMID- 4029470
TI  - [Should the idea of prediabetes be revived?].

PMID- 4029471
TI  - [French Language Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases.
      Rennes, 19-20 April 1985. Spring meeting. Abstracts].

PMID- 4029472
TI  - Chronic villitis of unknown etiology and maternal arterial lesions in
      preeclamptic pregnancies.
AB  - Placental lesions from 361 singleton full-term pregnancies were studied. These
      placentas were divided into two major groups: the study group consisting of 146
      placentas from mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension and a normotensive
      control group, which included 215 placentas from mothers with normal pregnancies.
      Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the allocation of
      infant's birthweight in the normal ponderal curve. A statistically significant
      higher incidence and severity of villous lesions was observed in placentas of
      mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension when infants were over the 25th
      centile of the ponderal curve. Vascular lesions, i.e., absence of physiological
      changes in spiral arteries of the placental bed, acute atherosis and chronic
      vasculitis-like lesions were also more frequently observed in the hypertensive
      group than in controls. These placental lesions have been described in placentas
      of small for gestational age infants with or without maternal hypertension and in
      those of preeclamptic women with appropriate for gestational age infants. Since
      acute atherosis-like lesions have been reported in placentas of pregnant women
      with systemic lupus erythematosus and in rejected renal transplants, a possible
      maternal immunological reaction against fetal tissues could be responsible for
      the pathogenesis of these entities.

PMID- 4029473
TI  - Maternal attitudes to fetal monitoring.
AB  - During a randomized clinical trial concerning alternative methods of intrapartum
      fetal surveillance (electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) and auscultation (AUS)) an
      investigatory interview was carried out. Out of 655 expecting mothers the
      antepartum preference of EFM was 39.5%, of AUS 32.3% and 28.1% were undecided
      (UD). EFM was especially preferred by obstetrical high-risk patients. Reasons for
      preference of AUS were a natural childbirth, a non-technological milieu, and the
      lack of supposed discomfort from sensors and belts. The pregnant women found as
      major advantages of EFM continuous observation and the possibility of quick
      intervention. Postpartum 385 patients were again interviewed. The majority upheld
      the original preference if that method was used. If the non-preferred method had
      been applied many would stick to the primary preference although a tendency to
      prefer the experienced method was seen. The patients who antepartum preferred
      AUS, but had EFM, became more positive toward the method, and a significantly
      increased number were positively influenced by the EFM signal/trace and found the
      method promoting their partner's involvement in labor. Enforced immobility,
      however, was a major disadvantage as well as the technical milieu. If EFM is to
      be accepted by a majority of women giving birth it is necessary to increase the
      pregnant women's knowledge of the method and to take milieu factors into
      consideration in order to reduce the intrinsic depersonalization of EFM.

PMID- 4029475
TI  - Cervico-isthmic pregnancy ending with the delivery of a live-born infant in late
      second trimester.
AB  - A very rare case of cervico-isthmic pregnancy, terminated by cesarean section in
      late second trimester with the delivery of a live-born infant who subsequently
      remained alive, is described. The authors suggest that this is the first case of
      neonatal survival in late second trimester of a cervico-isthmic pregnancy.

PMID- 4029474
TI  - Genital infections in women undergoing therapeutic abortion.
AB  - We studied the prevalence of genital infections and the frequency of infectious
      complications in 170 women who requested an abortion in Antwerp, Belgium, where
      termination of pregnancy is still illegal. Chlamydia were isolated in 12% of
      these women, compared to a 0.6% isolation rate for N. gonorrhoeae. After the
      abortion 5.5% developed PID and 3% endometritis. There was a strong correlation
      between an infection with C. trachomatis before abortion and the appearance of
      infectious complications after the aspiration curettage. No such relationship was
      found with any other micro-organism. Depending on the prevalence of C.
      trachomatis in a given population, screening followed by selective treatment or
      prophylactic use of antimicrobial medication for all women is indicated to
      prevent post-abortum infections.

PMID- 4029476
TI  - A cell line, ROSE 199, derived from normal rat ovarian surface epithelium.
AB  - A cell line, ROSE 199, derived from rat ovarian surface epithelium (ROSE) formed
      papillary structures which resembled, histologically, serous papillary
      cystadenomas of borderline malignancy seen in the human ovary. Crowded cultures
      produced two layers of cells separated by a thick layer of collagen fibers. Such
      cultures shed viable cells into the growth medium, while no cells were shed by
      short-term ROSE cultures. The resemblance to ovarian tumors exhibited by ROSE 199
      cells in culture, reinforces the hypothesis that the common epithelial tumors of
      the ovary are derived from the ovarian surface epithelium. ROSE 199 cells, while
      retaining their epithelial morphology and ultrastructural characteristics,
      express stromal activity such as abundant collagen production. Perhaps this
      ability to express epithelial and stromal behavior is a contributing factor to
      the ready neoplastic transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium.

PMID- 4029478
TI  - Dose-dependent effect of 17 beta-estradiol determined by growth curves and flow
      cytometric DNA analysis of a human breast carcinoma (T61) grown in nude mice.
AB  - An estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive human breast carcinoma (T61) grown
      in nude mice was exposed to 1.0, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mg 17 beta-estradiol. These
      doses resulted in serum peak concentrations (day 1) of estradiol ranging from 3.5
      X 10(-8) to 6.9 X 10(-10) M. The effect of the treatment was evaluated using
      growth curves and flow cytometric DNA analysis. The treatment induced a dose
      dependent growth delay and dose-dependent changes in the cell cycle distribution.
      The cell cycle changes comprised a decrease in the G1 phase, an accumulation of
      cells in the S phase, and an increasing fraction of polyploid cells. The results
      suggest that estradiol induces a dose-dependent cell killing effect in the T61
      human breast carcinoma. The correlation between the treatment-induced growth
      delay and the effect on the cell cycle distribution indicates that the changes in
      the cell cycle are a reflection of the estradiol-induced cell destruction. Since
      no tumor growth stimulation could be observed even at very low serum estradiol
      concentrations, the T61 human breast carcinoma may represent a new aspect in the
      study of human breast cancer.

PMID- 4029477
TI  - Hapten binding assay using guinea pig macrophages.
AB  - An assay for testing the binding of haptens to antigen-presenting cells was
      developed. The test consists of consecutive incubation of macrophages with the
      tested hapten, followed by incubation with a radioactively labeled standard. If
      the first hapten occupies a certain number of binding sites, the other one
      (radioactively labeled standard) reveals reduced binding. The binding assay in
      the present modification is fully suitable for measuring the binding of water
      soluble haptens. It was found that from a panel of tested haptens, DNFB, beta
      bromostyrol and phenylacetaldehyde exhibit strong binding.

PMID- 4029479
TI  - Differentiation of chick blood island erythroblasts into erythrocytes and
      stability in long-term culture.
AB  - Clusters of 20-70 erythroblasts from blood islands of early chick blastoderm were
      cultured in serum-free chemically defined medium for a 3-month period. The
      erythroblast cluster produces erythroid cells and hemoglobins characteristic of
      the primitive and definitive erythroid cell lines. It seems there is a progenitor
      erythroid cell(s) in the erythroblast cluster which starts and/or continues
      maturing along various pathways of hemopoietic differentiation under simple
      culture conditions. The erythroid character of these cells is stable during the 3
      month culture period.

PMID- 4029480
TI  - Nutrition and somatomedin--XII. Fractionation of somatomedins and somatomedin
      inhibitors in normal and diabetic rats.
AB  - Bioassayable somatomedins and somatomedin inhibitors were examined after
      chromatographic separation, using serum from normal rats (enriched in
      somatomedins) and diabetic rats (enriched in somatomedin inhibitors). At neutral
      pH, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 revealed somatomedins at mol. wt
      approximately 140,000 (presumably carrier-bound) and inhibitors at mol. wts
      approximately 250,000, approximately 24,000 and approximately 1,000. At acid pH,
      gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 revealed somatomedins at mol. wt approximately
      8,000 (presumably carrier-free) and a single inhibitor at mol. wt approximately
      21,000. Ion exchange chromatography revealed that the inhibitor(s) may be more
      acidic than the somatomedins, but only low quantities of somatomedins were
      recovered. Sephadex G-50 fractionation was applied to pathophysiologic models in
      rats: 3 days of fasting were associated with a 62% fall in somatomedins and a
      159% rise in inhibitors; 2 days of diabetes were associated with a 60% fall in
      somatomedins and a 344% rise in inhibitors. Since chromatography on Sephadex G-50
      at pH 2.4 appears to provide adequate separation of somatomedins and somatomedin
      inhibitors with good estimated recovery of biological activity, this simple
      approach may be a probe useful in examining the regulation of somatomedins and
      somatomedin inhibitors in vivo.

PMID- 4029481
TI  - Cyanopyrazoles as analogs of purine precursors--II. Effects on macromolecular
      synthesis and cell cycle progression.
AB  - The cytotoxic and cytokinetic effects, and in vitro inhibition of macromolecular
      synthesis by cyanopyrazoles were studied using Friend leukemia and Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells. At concentrations in the range of 2.5 mM to 50 microM analog
      3(5)-amino-4-cyano-5(3)-trichloromethylpyrazole (I) was highly cytotoxic and
      completely inhibited thymidine, uridine and leucine incorporation into
      macromolecular material. 24 hr incubation of FL cells with cytostatic
      concentrations of compound I (in the range of 2 to 0.5 microM) resulted in an
      accumulation of cells in the G2 + M phase. Analogs N-hydroxyethyl-3(5)-amino-4
      cyano-5(3)-trichloromethylpyrazole (II) and 3(5)-amino-4-cyanopyrazole (III) were
      not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 5 mM and did not substantially inhibit
      precursor incorporation into macromolecules but exhibited a cytostatic activity.
      These compounds caused a decrease of FL cells in the G2 + M phase and an
      accumulation in the S phase. Analogs I and II displayed a similar in vivo
      inhibitory effect on thymidine incorporation into DNA in EAT cells. The results
      indicate that the cytotoxicity of cyanopyrazoles correlates with their ability to
      inhibit precursor incorporation into macromolecular material. On the other hand,
      the cytostatic action of compound I is not coupled to a block of nucleic acid
      synthesis.

PMID- 4029482
TI  - Effects of phospholipids on the specific binding of [3H]spiroperidol to the
      cholate extract of rat brain synaptic membranes.
AB  - Effects of phospholipids including PC, PE, PI, and PS on the specific [3H]SPD
      binding to the solubilized dopamine receptors were examined in the cholate
      extracts of the cortical and striatal synaptic membranes (P2M) of the rat brain.
      PC and PS, but not PE or PI, at 0.4 mM greatly enhanced the specific [3H]SPD
      binding to the cholate extracts of both cortical and striatal P2M fractions. PC
      and PS did not enhance the specific [3H]DA binding to the same cholate extracts.
      The enhancing effects of PC and PS were temperature-dependent and in a dose
      response manner peaking at 0.4 mM and 0.2 mM respectively. Such temperature
      dependence indicated that the PC effects were not due to trapping of [3H]SPD by
      PC but represented a possible DAR-PC complex formation that allowed higher
      binding for the ligand. Failure of natural cerebellar P2M in enhancing the
      [3H]SPD binding to the cholate extract supports the notion that fluidity of the
      phospholipids is required for the binding or the formation of the DAR-PC (or PS)
      complex. Scatchard analysis of the [3H]SPD binding to the cholate extract in the
      absence or presence of PC or PS indicated that the PC or PS enhancement of the
      ligand binding may be mainly due to an increase in the number of binding sites
      since both PC and PS significantly increased the Bmax but not the Kd of the
      binding.

PMID- 4029483
TI  - Glucose turnover in adult non-growing tumour-bearing mice.
AB  - [6-3H]glucose was used for measurements of plasma glucose turnover in adult non
      growing mice with sarcoma-induced malnutrition. Plasma glucose turnover was
      increased in freely-fed tumour-bearing mice but not in starved tumour-bearing
      mice. Elevated glucose turnover in freely-eating sarcoma-bearing mice was
      associated with an increased glucose pool, the latter not only being due to an
      expanded distribution volume of glucose. Plasma lactate was elevated in sarcoma
      bearing mice independently of their food intake. The results show that elevated
      plasma glucose turnover in an anorectic tumour-bearing host is not due to
      insufficient adaptation to food depression. Increased glucose turnover in tumour
      bearing mice was associated with an altered intermediary whole body metabolism of
      glucose which is not entirely accounted for by the state of malnutrition of the
      host.

PMID- 4029484
TI  - The isolation, characterisation and kinetics of glutathione-S-transferase from
      human platelets.
AB  - Glutathione S-transferase activity from human platelets was purified to
      homogeneity by affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme was found to be the
      acidic form and its molecular and catalytic properties were identical to acidic
      glutathione S-transferases purified from other human tissues. The purified
      platelet enzyme had no peroxidase activity and did not protect microsomes against
      peroxidation.

PMID- 4029485
TI  - Artificial and natural thermostabilization of subunit enzymes. Do they have
      similar mechanism?
AB  - Rabbit skeletal muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was stabilized by
      intramolecular intersubunit crosslinking with diimidoesters. Half-inactivation
      temperature for optimal cross-linker-treated enzyme preparation increased by 11
      degrees C. Stabilization effect correlated with the content of crosslinked
      fractions in enzyme preparation, as proved by SDS gel-electrophoresis. It is
      proposed that artificial crosslinks stabilize the enzyme in a similar fashion to
      salt bridges in the thermophilic bacteria enzymes, i.e. preventing dissociation
      into inactive subunits.

PMID- 4029486
TI  - Characterization of a nitrilase from Nocardia sp. (Rhodochrous group) N.C.I.B.
      11215, using p-hydroxybenzonitrile as sole carbon source.
AB  - The purification and properties of an enzyme from Nocardia sp. which catalyses
      the conversion of p-hydroxybenzonitrile to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ammonia
      without intermediate formation of the amide is described. The enzyme displayed a
      broad pH optimum between 7.0 and 9.5 and exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics with
      Km of 1.27 mM for p-hydroxybenzonitrile. The 12-unit multimeric enzyme possessed
      a mol. wt of 560,000 and was sensitive to thiol-specific reagents. Although
      aliphatic nitriles were not substrates for the enzyme a broad range of
      substituted aromatic nitriles were attacked with a general preference being shown
      for those with meta substitution.

PMID- 4029487
TI  - Glucose infused through the portal vein enhances liver gluconeogenesis and
      glycogenesis from [3-14C]pyruvate in the starved rat.
AB  - After a pulse of [3-14C]pyruvate, 24 hr starved rats were infused through the
      portal vein with two different doses of glucose (7.8 or 20.8 mg/min) or the
      medium, and blood was collected from the inferior cava vein at the level of the
      suprahepatic veins. The highest dose of glucose enhanced the appearance of
      [14C]glucose in blood from the 2nd to the 20th min after tracer delivery. It also
      enhanced production of [14C]glycogen and concentration of glycogen in the liver
      after 5 and 20 min. At 20 min of glucose infusion the appearance of
      [14C]glyceride glycerol in liver as well as liver lactate concentration and
      lactate/pyruvate ratio were increased. The low dose of glucose used enhanced
      liver values of [14C]glycogen, [14C]glycogen specific activity and glycogen
      concentration. Our results support the hypothesis that in the starved rat glucose
      is converted into C3 units prior to being deposited as liver glycogen and based
      on the liver zonation model (Jungermann et al., 1983) it is proposed that glucose
      stimulated gluconeogenesis by shifting the liver to the cytosolic redox state as
      a secondary consequence of increased glycolytic activity.

PMID- 4029488
TI  - The amino acid sequence of protein CM-3 from Dendroaspis polylepis polylepis
      (black mamba) venom.
AB  - Protein CM-3 from Dendroaspis polylepis polylepis venom was purified by gel
      filtration and ion exchange chromatography. It comprises 65 amino acids including
      eight half-cystines. The complete amino acid sequence of protein CM-3 has been
      elucidated. The sequence (residues 1-50) resembles that of the N-terminal
      sequence of the subunits of a synergistic type protein and residues 51-65 that of
      the C-terminal sequence of an angusticeps type protein. Mixtures of protein CM-3
      and angusticeps type proteins showed no apparent synergistic effect, in that
      their toxicity in combination was no greater than the sum of their individual
      toxicities.

PMID- 4029489
TI  - Effect of assay temperature on the kinetics of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A reductase in rat liver and Morris hepatoma 5123C.
AB  - A procedure is described for the assay of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA
      reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) in a large number of samples with minimal benchwork
      and within a 24-hr period. The Michaelis constants for HMG-CoA reductase were
      determined for microsomal enzyme from the liver of normal and cholesterol-fed
      rats and Morris hepatoma 5123C. The apparent Km D-HMG-CoA was ca. 3.5 microM and
      was not affected by assay temperature or cholesterol feeding. The apparent Km
      NADPH for microsomal HMG-CoA reductase was 10-15 microM and similarly was not
      affected by assay temperature. The Arrhenius plot parameters (activation energy
      and transition temperatures) were the same whether determined using the reaction
      velocity from fixed substrate concentrations or V from subtraction curves. This
      confirmed that values obtained using fixed saturating substrate concentrations
      are valid and not affected by a temperature-dependent alteration in the affinity
      of the enzyme for its substrates.

PMID- 4029490
TI  - Interference by ethanol of coupling between gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis from
      proline in isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - Proline stimulated equally the production of glucose and urea by isolated
      hepatocytes. Ethanol suppressed glucose production much more strongly than urea
      synthesis. The proline-derived carbon not reaching glucose was found as lactate.
      Inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate synthesis with 3-mercaptopicolinate blocked
      gluconeogenesis, but was without effect on lactate production. Acetate was formed
      from endogenous sources, as well as from ethanol. Its accumulation from ethanol
      was enhanced both by proline and lactate. The differential effect of ethanol on
      gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis appears to be related to its effect on the redox
      state of the cell.

PMID- 4029491
TI  - The effect of lactation on the fractional synthetic rate of protein in the liver
      and muscle of rats.
AB  - Protein synthesis in muscle and liver were studied in rats in early and peak
      lactation. While the fractional synthetic rate of liver was greatly enhanced
      there were no significant changes in muscle. No evidence was obtained for a
      marked contribution of muscle protein for the demand of lactation.

PMID- 4029492
TI  - The effect of glucagon on N-acetylglutamate-synthetase.
AB  - The effect of glucagon and the protein content of the diet on the activity of N
      acetylglutamate synthetase was studied. The activity of N-acetylglutamate
      synthetase depended on the protein content of the diet. Glucagon increased the
      activity of N-acetylglutamate synthetase and reduced the stimulatory effect of
      arginine. The enzyme of glucose-fed animals became arginine independent. It was
      concluded that glucagon induced some kind of covalent modification of the
      synthetase.

PMID- 4029493
TI  - Effect of clofibrate treatment on aconitase activity in rat liver and other
      tissues.
AB  - The activity of both mitochondrial and cytosolic aconitases was significantly
      increased in the livers of male rats following treatment with the hypolipidemic
      drug clofibrate. Cycloheximide or puromycin administration to rats inhibited the
      inducing effect of clofibrate on the enzyme activity. Aconitase activity in small
      intestine homogenate was also increased by clofibrate. The drug did not affect
      the enzyme activity in rat kidney, heart and brain.

PMID- 4029495
TI  - Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiencies.

PMID- 4029494
TI  - N-terminal sequence of creatine kinase from skeletal muscle of rabbit and rhesus
      monkey.
AB  - The first 20 amino acids from the N-terminus of skeletal muscle (MM) creatine
      kinase from both rabbit and rhesus monkey have been identified and these
      sequences show considerable homology. Contrary to an earlier report, the N
      terminus was not found to be blocked. Both of these sequences show much less
      homology with the N-terminal sequence of heart muscle (MM) creatine kinase and no
      homology with that of the heart muscle mitochondrial (MiMi) isozyme. No homology
      was found between the N-terminal sequence of the mitochondrial isozyme and the
      URF (unidentified reading frame) proteins of the human mitochondrial genome,
      indicating that the mitochondrial enzyme is encoded by nuclear genes. This
      suggests the possibility that an N-terminal peptide may be cleaved from the
      mitochondrial isozyme on its translocation across the mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 4029496
TI  - Investigation of human mitochondrial myopathies by phosphorus magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 4029497
TI  - Mechanisms involved in hormone signal transduction across the mitochondrial
      membrane.

PMID- 4029498
TI  - Hormonal control of intramitochondrial Ca2+-sensitive enzymes in heart, liver and
      adipose tissue.

PMID- 4029499
TI  - On the hormonal control of heart mitochondrial Ca2+.

PMID- 4029500
TI  - Control of polypeptide chain initiation by sugar phosphates.

PMID- 4029501
TI  - Translational control by amino acids and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in cultured
      mammalian cells.

PMID- 4029502
TI  - Computer graphics of large macromolecules.

PMID- 4029503
TI  - Further characterization of substratum influence on PC12 cell shape and dopamine
      processing.
AB  - We recently demonstrated that PC12 cells cultured on extracellular matrix (ECM)
      exhibit a flattened morphology, release more dopamine and contain less
      intracellular dopamine than cells which have a rounded shape on plastic culture
      ware. To further explore the role of PC12 cell shape in dopamine processing, we
      characterized the interaction of ECM and various agents on cell shape and
      dopamine release and content. In addition, the constituents of the ECM and the
      corneal endothelial cells which produce the ECM were presented in soluble form to
      PC12 cells on plastic. The soluble polysaccharides heparin, dextran and dextran
      sulfate, caused a dose-related increase in rounded (refractile) cells on ECM, a
      dose-related decrease in dopamine release and an increase in dopamine content
      relative to flattened cells on ECM. Chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid did
      not prevent cell spreading on ECM nor affect dopamine processing. These
      experiments demonstrate that certain polysaccharides block cell spreading on ECM
      and that round cells on ECM secrete and store dopamine in a fashion similar to
      round cells on plastic. Colchicine, cytochalasin B and cycloheximide appear to
      affect dopamine synthesis and thus could not distinguish the role of cell shape
      in transmitter release. Treatment of PC12 cells on plastic with collagens I, II,
      III, IV, fibronectin, fibroblastic growth factor (FGF), or solubilized ECM had
      little effect on dopamine release or content. Endothelial cell conditioned medium
      and endothelial cell lysate increased dopamine release, but also increased
      dopamine content which differs from the effect of ECM. In summary, these
      experiments suggest that extracellular matrix alters cell shape and that the
      physical arrangement of these cells can determine dopamine secretion and storage.

PMID- 4029504
TI  - Use of a psoralen-induced phenocopy to study genes controlling spermatogenesis in
      Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, spermatogenesis represents one of two
      alternative developmental pathways open to premeiotic germ cells. At least two
      genes, fem-1 and fem-2, control the initiation of spermatogenesis in XX
      (hermaphrodite) worms, and the entire spectrum of male differentiation in XO
      animals. Low-dose irradiation of worms treated with the light-activated DNA
      crosslinking drug trimethylpsoralen, at levels that do not affect cell division
      or growth rates, blocks spermatogenesis in C. elegans hermaphrodites and produces
      an identical phenotype to that of temperature-sensitive mutations in the fem
      genes. Psoralen treatment does not, however, produce corresponding phenotypes of
      these mutants in XO animals. The developmental age for phenocopy production is
      the same as the hermaphrodite temperature-sensitive period of the two mutants.
      The effects of pulses of restrictive temperature and psoralen treatment on fem-2
      mutant hermaphrodites are additive, suggesting that psoralen crosslinking may
      reduce the level of the fem-2 gene product. Microbeam experiments localize the
      target for the psoralen effect to the primary germ cells in the first stage
      larvae, indicating that a critical step occurs in a small number of precursor
      cells prior to their commitment to spermatogenesis.

PMID- 4029505
TI  - Control of neural crest cell dispersion in the trunk of the avian embryo.
AB  - Many hypotheses have been advanced to explain the orientation and directional
      migration of neural crest cells. These include positive and negative chemotaxis,
      haptotaxis, galvanotaxis, and contact inhibition. To test directly the factors
      that may control the directional dispersion of the neural crest, I have employed
      a variety of grafting techniques in living embryos. In addition, time-lapse video
      microscopy has been used to study neural crest cells in tissue culture. Trunk
      neural crest cells normally disperse from their origin at the dorsal neural tube
      along two extracellular pathways. One pathway extends laterally between the
      ectoderm and somites. When either pigmented neural crest cells or neural crest
      cells isolated from 24-hr cultures are grafted into the space lateral to the
      somites, they migrate: (1) medially toward the neural tube in the space between
      the ectoderm and somites and (2) ventrally along intersomitic blood vessels. Once
      the grafted cells contact the posterior cardinal vein and dorsal aorta they
      migrate along both blood vessels for several somite lengths in the anterior
      posterior axis. Neural crest cells grafted lateral to the somites do not
      immediately move laterally into the somatic mesoderm of the body wall or the
      limb. Dispersion of neural crest cells into the mesoderm occurs only after blood
      vessels and nerves have first invaded, which the grafted cells then follow. The
      other neural crest pathway extends ventrally alongside the neural tube in the
      intersomitic space. When neural crest cells were grafted to a ventral position,
      between the notochord and dorsal aorta, in this intersomitic pathway at the axial
      level of the last somite, the grafted cells migrate rapidly within 2 hr in two
      directions: (1) dorsally, in the intersomitic space, until the grafted cells
      contact the ventrally moving stream of the host neural crest and (2) laterally,
      along the dorsal aorta and endoderm. All of the above experiments indicate that
      neither a preestablished chemotactic nor adhesive (haptotactic) gradient exists
      in the embryo since the grafted neural crest cells will move in the reverse
      direction along these pathways toward the dorsal neural tube. For the same
      reason, these experiments also show that dispersal of the neural crest is not
      directed passively by other environmental controls, since the cells can clearly
      move counter to their usual pathway and against such putative passive
      mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4029506
TI  - Early events in insect neurogenesis. I. Development and segmental differences in
      the pattern of neuronal precursor cells.
AB  - The earliest events in the development of the central nervous system in insect
      embryos involve the differentiation of a stereotyped pattern of individually
      identified neuronal precursor cells, called neuroblasts (NBs), each of which
      generates a stereotyped family of neuronal progeny. After gastrulation, the
      midventral region of the ectoderm becomes a neuroepithelium; it is from this
      sheet of seemingly uniform ectodermal cells that certain cells enlarge to become
      NBs while the rest of the cells either die or acquire other nonneuronal
      phenotypes. Here we focus on three aspects of neurogenesis. First, we examine the
      morphological changes associated with the differentiation of neuronal precursor
      cells and nonneuronal support cells. The differentiation of each cell type is
      reflected by its morphology; moreover, the identity of individual cells of
      certain cell types (e.g., a particular NB) is reflected by their position within
      the neuroepithelium. Second, we show that there is a characteristic temporal
      sequence of differentiation in the stereotyped pattern of NBs. Third, we show
      that this stereotyped pattern of NBs varies in a segment-specific way by the
      addition or deletion of particular neuronal precursor cells. These studies on the
      events of early neurogenesis set the stage for the experimental manipulations
      described in the following paper (C. Q. Doe and C.S. Goodman, 1985, Dev. Biol.
      110, 206-219).

PMID- 4029507
TI  - Early events in insect neurogenesis. II. The role of cell interactions and cell
      lineage in the determination of neuronal precursor cells.
AB  - The insect central nervous system (CNS) is composed of a brain and a chain of
      segmental ganglia; each hemiganglion contains about 1000 individually
      identifiable neurons. How is the enormous neuronal diversity and specificity
      generated? Neurons of a hemiganglion largely arise during embryogenesis from a
      stereotyped pattern of individually identified neuronal precursor cells, called
      neuroblasts (NBs). The transition from ectoderm to individual neurons thus
      involves two major steps: first, an undifferentiated ectodermal cell sheet
      produces the stereotyped pattern of 30 NBs per hemisegment; second, each of these
      NBs contributes a specific family of neuronal progeny to the developing CNS. We
      have used a laser microbeam to ablate individual cells in the grasshopper embryo
      in order to study the initial events of neuronal determination. In particular,
      how does a layer of apparently equivalent ectodermal cells produce a highly
      stereotyped pattern of unique NBs? Our results suggest the following mechanism
      for NB determination. (1) Cell interactions between the approximately 150
      equivalent ectodermal cells of a hemisegment allow 30 cells to enlarge into NBs.
      (2) As these young NBs enlarge they inhibit adjacent ectodermal cells from
      becoming NBs; the adjacent cells then either differentiate into nonneuronal
      support cells or die. (3) Each NB is assigned a unique identity due to its
      position of enlargement within the neuroepithelium. (4) The NB then generates its
      characteristic family of neurons by an invariant cell lineage. Development of the
      insect CNS depends on cell interactions and positional cues to create a pattern
      of NBs, and then on cell lineage to restrict the fate of the NB progeny.

PMID- 4029508
TI  - Avian spinal cord chimeras. I. Hatching ability and posthatching survival in homo
      and heterospecific chimeras.
AB  - Quail-chick spinal cord chimeras were constructed by grafting isotopically, at
      the brachial level, the neural tube of a quail embryo into a chick of the same
      developmental stage. The chimeras were allowed to hatch and their behavior and
      survival after birth were observed. We found that if white Leghorns of the rapid
      feathering strain were taken as hosts, the ability of the operated embryos to
      hatch was higher than in the slow-feathering wild-type chickens. The important
      point arising from this study is that the establishment of the neuronal circuits
      and of the connexions of the grafted neurons to their peripheral and central
      targets occurs between cells of two different species in such a way that normal
      behavior of the chimera is ensured. These animals can stand, walk, and fly as
      normal chickens do. Moreover, the size reached by the fragment of quail spinal
      cord implanted into the chick axial structures is larger than it would have been
      in the donor at the same age. This results in perfectly normal morphogenesis of
      the vertebrae which develop from the chick somites at the level of the graft. The
      pigment pattern of the chick feathers colonized by quail melanoblasts of graft
      origin is very close to that of the quail, albeit somewhat different, probably
      due to the different size of the feathers in the two species. Normality of the
      chimeras is only transient. During the second month of their life they develop a
      neurological syndrome characterized first by the paralysis of the wings and later
      by their inability to stand. In strong contrast, spinal cord chimeras constructed
      between two histoincompatible chickens, remain healthy and seem to develop a
      complete tolerance to the graft. What seems to be the development of an immune
      rejection of the grafted neural tube in the quail-chick spinal cord chimeras is
      now under investigation.

PMID- 4029509
TI  - Activation of paternally derived regulatory mechanism in early mouse embryo.
AB  - A stage-specific occurrence of retrovirus-like elements (intracisternal
      particles) is regularly observed within the endoplasmic reticulum of early mouse
      embryos. A quantitative electron microscopic study was carried out on hybrid
      embryos issued from the matings between high- and low-producer mouse strains of
      intracisternal particles. The low-producer character behaved as dominant in all
      these crosses, and this enabled us to demonstrate the activation of paternally
      introduced regulatory mechanism in two-cell embryos and morulae. There was no
      sign of maternal effect in the results of reciprocal crosses.

PMID- 4029510
TI  - Fibrinopeptide-A in diabetes mellitus. Relation to levels of blood glucose,
      fibrinogen disappearance, and hemodynamic changes.
AB  - Plasma and urine fibrinopeptide-A (FPA) levels were investigated in type I and II
      diabetic patients. Plasma FPA and 24-h urinary excretion of FPA were
      significantly elevated in diabetic patients compared with normal volunteers,
      indicating augmented thrombin activity in diabetes. Plasma and urine FPA did not
      differ between type I and type II diabetic subjects. Comparison of plasma FPA
      with blood glucose and hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) indicated that elevation of FPA is
      rapidly reversible and intermittent during hypo- and hyperglycemia. Although
      elevated plasma FPA was seen in patients of short as well as long duration of
      diabetes, plasma and urine FPA correlated with duration of diabetes in type I
      patients. In type I diabetic patients with vascular complications, hyperglycemia
      induced by an oral glucose challenge was accompanied by elevation of plasma FPA
      and acceleration of fibrinogen disappearance. These responses were not seen when
      the patients were treated with intravenous (i.v.) heparin before the glucose
      challenge. In patients without vascular complications, there was also an
      acceleration of fibrinogen disappearance and a marginal (not statistically
      significant) elevation of plasma FPA seen after the FPA response observed in
      vascular disease patients. In all patients, induced hyperglycemia resulted in a
      decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin (blood volume expansion) and an increase in
      pulse pressure indicating hemodynamic changes. The association of hyperglycemia
      and hemodynamic changes with augmented thrombin activity is consistent with a
      mechanism for fibrin formation and deposition based on endothelial injury and/or
      increased vascular permeability. Fibrin deposition due to such a mechanism may
      participate in the development of the vascular complications of diabetes.

PMID- 4029511
TI  - Streptozocin-induced diabetes affects rat urinary bladder response to autonomic
      agents.
AB  - The response of the urinary bladder body and base to autonomic agents was studied
      in streptozocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. The bladder body region from 6-wk diabetic
      rats showed no changes in response to acetylcholine, phenylephrine, or
      isoproterenol. In contrast, the bladder base region showed a 39% increase in
      contractile response to acetylcholine and a 37% increased response to
      phenylephrine. In tissues from 47-wk diabetic animals, the bladder body showed a
      51% increased contractile response to acetylcholine and a 37% increased
      relaxation response to isoproterenol. The bladder base showed a 66% increased
      contraction to acetylcholine. Thus, in the bladder base, enhanced responses to
      acetylcholine are detected soon after induction of diabetes and continue to
      increase as the diabetic state progresses. Moreover, in the same bladder region,
      an increase in responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic stimuli occurs. In the bladder
      body, enhanced responses to cholinergic and to beta-adrenergic stimuli occur, but
      are only observed in a more chronic diabetic state. The data suggest that an
      effect associated with autonomic diabetic neuropathy of the urinary bladder is an
      increased postsynaptic responsiveness to cholinergic stimuli in both regions.

PMID- 4029512
TI  - Nonenzymatic glycosylation products on collagen covalently trap low-density
      lipoprotein.
AB  - Advanced nonenzymatic glycosylation products capable of cross-linking proteins
      accumulate on collagen in vivo in proportion to time-averaged blood glucose
      concentration. In this report, we have evaluated the ability of advanced
      nonenzymatic glycosylation products formed on collagen in vitro to covalently
      bind low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in a manner similar to that which occurs in
      human atherosclerotic lesions. At constant LDL concentration, covalent trapping
      increased linearly with the extent of advanced glycosylation product formation,
      from 1.42 +/- 0.15 to 4.46 +/- 0.36 micrograms LDL protein/mg collagen. At a
      constant level of collagen advanced glycosylation product, LDL binding increased
      as a function of increasing LDL concentration. At an LDL-cholesterol level of 103
      mg/dl, covalent trapping of LDL by nonenzymatic glycosylation products on
      collagen averaged 3.2 times as much as control (P less than 0.01). These data
      indicate that LDL is bound specifically by reactive products generated by
      nonenzymatic glycosylation of collagen, and suggest that excessive LDL trapping
      by hyperglycemia-induced advanced glycosylation endproducts may contribute to the
      accelerated development of atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4029513
TI  - Policy statement. Self-monitoring of blood glucose. American Diabetes
      Association.

PMID- 4029514
TI  - Policy statement. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. American Diabetes
      Association.

PMID- 4029515
TI  - Maturation of the visual evoked response and its correlation with visual acuity
      in preterm infants.
AB  - Visual evoked responses (VERs) were elicited in 70 infants with postmenstrual
      ages between 30 and 39 weeks. On the basis of neurological and ultrasound
      examinations, 30 of the infants were classed as neurologically normal and 40 as
      abnormal: 26 of the latter had periventricular haemorrhage. Initially the VER
      consisted of a negative deflection only, and the appearance of a positive wave
      immediately preceding the negative deflection was taken to indicate maturation of
      the VER. Maturation was significantly delayed in the neurologically abnormal
      infants, and the delay was related to the degree of neurological insult. The
      visual acuity of 32 infants was estimated within seven days of the VER recording.
      There was a correlation of 79 per cent between the VER and the data for visual
      acuity.

PMID- 4029516
TI  - What mothers know about their newborns' visual skills.
AB  - Fifty-four mothers were asked whether they had observed evidence that their baby
      could see, whether this was expected, and where they had obtained information
      about babies. 61 per cent had not expected their baby to see, and 47 per cent did
      not think their baby could see. These findings were not affected by social class,
      parity, age of baby, or hospital attended. The most common source of information
      was reading matter, but mothers were often misinformed and confused. Most had
      seen their baby smile but there was a tendency among those who did not think
      their baby could see to attribute this to 'wind' rather than to a social
      response. 81 per cent of mothers breastfed initially. On follow-up there was a
      tendency for those who had thought their baby could see at the time of the first
      interview to maintain breastfeeding beyond the first month and to continue
      breastfeeding for longer than mothers who had thought that their baby could not
      see.

PMID- 4029517
TI  - Term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: outcome at 3.5 years.
AB  - A total of 167 term neonates with a diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
      (HIE) had detailed neurodevelopmental follow-up at 3.5 years of age. All 66
      children with mild HIE were free from handicap; all seven with severe HIE were
      severely handicapped; and of the 94 with moderate HIE at birth, 21.3 per cent
      were handicapped. Mean IQ was significantly related to the category of HIE.
      Within the moderate HIE category, the neurological examination at discharge from
      the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit was more useful than the presence of neonatal
      convulsions in identifying children with subsequent developmental delay.
      Abnormalities on this examination related significantly to an increased number of
      handicapped children, decreased motor and language skills, and lower IQs.
      Although neonatal convulsions were associated with an increased number of
      handicapped children, they did not significantly affect most other developmental
      outcome measures. In term infants with documented HIE at birth, major
      neurodevelopmental dysfunction at 3.5 years depended more on prospectively
      established category of HIE than on other perinatal or social factors.

PMID- 4029518
TI  - Energy cost index as an estimate of energy expenditure of cerebral-palsied
      children during assisted ambulation.
AB  - The energy expenditure of cerebral-palsied children ambulating with bilateral
      quad canes and wheeled walkers was estimated, using average heart rate and speed
      of walking. An energy cost index (average number of heart rates per unit distance
      walked) was derived to allow for varying speeds among patients. Children were
      then categorized into those who had a lower energy cost index when using quad
      canes and those who had a lower index when using walkers. This made it possible
      to offer treatment recommendations based on objective data.

PMID- 4029519
TI  - Motor overflow and attentional processes in normal school-age children.
AB  - Two groups of 28 school-age children (divided equally by sex) who were equivalent
      in terms of chronological age and IQ but differed in the prevalence of motor
      overflow were given a concept identification task designed to measure relative
      attentiveness to central, task-related cues and incidental, social environmental
      ones. Children with a high level of overflow were relatively more responsive to
      social cues than to task-related ones, while children with a low level were more
      equally responsive to the two types of cues. The results are interpreted in terms
      of a relationship between motor overflow and attentional processes.

PMID- 4029520
TI  - Psychosocial and cultural factors associated with the management of spina bifida
      cystica in Nigeria.
AB  - A prospective study of the psychosocial and cultural factors influencing the
      management of spina bifida cystica was carried out on Nigerian children (48
      males, 28 females) seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between
      January 1982 and December 1983. The parents of 74 of the 76 children had never
      heard of the disease, many had no idea of its causation and one-third
      incriminated witchcraft. Of primary concern was the cyst on the back. The better
      educated parents tended to demand surgical treatment more than the illiterate
      parents. 22 children were treated surgically. The default rate was high because
      parents failed to get the expected hospital treatment. Most mothers showed relief
      rather than remorse on the death of their child.

PMID- 4029521
TI  - Educational attainment of 10-year-old children with treated and untreated visual
      defects.
AB  - Children with visual defects who took part in a 10-year survey were compared with
      their peers on measures of intelligence, reading, mathematics and sporting
      ability. Results are consistent with earlier findings of increased intelligence
      among children with myopia and slightly reduced intelligence among children with
      amblyopia. Those with other visual defects had normal intelligence scores. Once
      intelligence had been taken into account, only children with mild hypermetropia
      were under-achieving at reading. Those with severe myopia were reading better
      than expected. None of the children could be shown to be over- or under-achieving
      at maths, any variation being due to intelligence. The mothers of children with
      visual defects perceived them to be less able at sport. Comparison of the
      performances of children with minor visual defects who had and had not been
      prescribed spectacles did not suggest any disadvantage for those without
      spectacles, with the possible exception of children with mild hypermetropia. It
      is concluded that the majority of visual defects do not affect children's
      learning, and that current indications for prescribing spectacles need to be
      validated.

PMID- 4029522
TI  - Glutaric aciduria type I misdiagnosed as Leigh's encephalopathy and cerebral
      palsy.
AB  - Two cases are reported of boys who suffer epileptic seizures only after playing
      video games. It is suggested that the amount of time the patient spends in front
      of the screen before the seizure is important, and also that video games trigger
      electrocortical activity far more efficiently than either television or
      intermittent photic stimulation.

PMID- 4029523
TI  - Treatment of scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 4029524
TI  - Muscle wasting in the muscular dystrophies.

PMID- 4029525
TI  - Vocal-cord paralysis and brainstem dysfunction in children with spina bifida.

PMID- 4029526
TI  - The development of the human blood-CSF-brain barrier.

PMID- 4029527
TI  - Convulsions and lumbar puncture.

PMID- 4029528
TI  - [Prolactin and obesity: aspects of hypothalamic pathology].

PMID- 4029529
TI  - [Pathogenesis of rheumatoid synovitis: critical review].

PMID- 4029530
TI  - [Evaluation of citrates in a group of patients with idiopathic calcium calculi].

PMID- 4029531
TI  - [The ergometry test in the elderly].

PMID- 4029532
TI  - [Glycosylated hemoglobin in chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 4029533
TI  - [A case of giant neurinoma of the mediastinum].

PMID- 4029534
TI  - [Myocardial function in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease:
      echocardiographic findings].

PMID- 4029535
TI  - The multidisciplinary approach to dysphagia.

PMID- 4029536
TI  - Anatomy and physiology of the pharynx.
AB  - Radiographic evaluation of the passage of a bolus from the mouth through the
      pharynx into the esophagus is based upon identification of specific anatomical
      landmarks and the integrated motion accomplished by the oral and pharyngeal
      muscles during swallowing. Twenty-six muscles and 6 cranial nerves must be
      coordinated to enable the safe performance of the complex physiological task of
      transporting liquids and firm food from the mouth into the esophagus. The
      following discussion and illustrations of pharyngeal anatomy and physiology are
      pertinent to an understanding of normal swallowing function.

PMID- 4029537
TI  - Dynamic imaging of the pharynx.
AB  - The technique of dynamic imaging of the pharynx and some supplementary maneuvers
      which can be tailored to the individual patient's needs are discussed in detail.
      An approach to the analysis of normal and abnormal swallowing studies is
      presented.

PMID- 4029539
TI  - Adaptation, compensation, and decompensation of the pharyngeal swallow.
AB  - Under normal circumstances, the act of swallowing adjusts to varying demands of
      different bolus characteristics and different head and neck postures. When the
      swallowing mechanism is impaired by disease, adjustment is essential to
      compensate for the impairment and allow swallowing. Evidence of adjustment can be
      demonstrated by cineradiography which provides important clues to the presence of
      underlying disease. When adjustment to disease is inadequate, swallowing
      decompensates. In this case, gross changes in swallowing performance are evident
      from clinical evaluation and cineradiography.

PMID- 4029538
TI  - Pharyngoesophageal interrelationships: observations and working concepts.
AB  - Simultaneous disorders of the pharynx and esophagus are so frequent that the
      complete swallowing chain should be examined in all patients with dysphagia. Data
      are presented to support the concept that such simultaneous disorders represent
      related phenomena; the mechanism involves changes in cricopharyngeal function
      seen radiographically as cricopharyngeal prominence. If neurologic disease has
      been excluded, cricopharyngeal prominence may be the clue to esophageal disease.
      When cricopharyngeal prominence is found during dynamic imaging of the pharynx,
      intensive examination of the esophagus and a search for signs of compensation or
      decompensation in the pharynx should be undertaken.

PMID- 4029540
TI  - Special swallowing problems in children.
AB  - As the swallowing process evolves from infantile suckle feeding through
      transitional feeding to mature function, the process can go awry at many points.
      Understanding the changes in structure and function of the mouth and pharynx that
      occur with growth and development is of basic importance. When a child is
      referred because of unsuccessful feeding or suspicion of aspiration, dynamic
      imaging of the swallowing mechanism and scrutiny of radiographic abnormalities
      described in this article can lead to greater understanding of the underlying
      cause and to more effective treatment.

PMID- 4029541
TI  - Dynamic imaging for swallowing reeducation.
AB  - Dynamic imaging is frequently indispensable for the rational treatment of
      disordered swallowing. The effects of test feeding techniques, bolus
      modification, patient positioning, and respiratory maneuvers are all best
      documented by visualizing and recording the swallowing of radiopacified boluses.
      What is seen becomes the basis of patients' reeducation in swallowing. Greatest
      effectiveness results when the radiologic examination is shared with those
      responsible for the patient's rehabilitation in swallowing.

PMID- 4029542
TI  - The Swallowing Center: concepts and procedures.
AB  - This paper describes the purpose and organization of a dedicated center at The
      Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions for the evaluation of swallowing problems. The
      multidisciplinary approach outlined will permit a better understanding and more
      accurate diagnosis of the functional or organic lesions affecting the swallowing
      mechanisms. Illustrative cases are presented.

PMID- 4029543
TI  - Double-contrast examination of the pharynx.
AB  - The radiographic techniques for evaluation of the pharynx are described, with
      particular emphasis on double-contrast examination. Radiographic anatomy of the
      pharynx is illustrated.

PMID- 4029544
TI  - Upper gastrointestinal series: patient management and a study of 199 cases.
AB  - Records of 199 patients were analyzed retrospectively after upper
      gastrointestinal (UGI) series to assess its impact on patient management.
      Symptoms most predictive of an abnormal UGI series were dysphagia, UGI
      hemorrhage, abdominal pain, and chest pain. However, 23% of inpatients with
      seemingly trivial symptoms had shown abnormal results of the study. Overall
      sensitivity of the UGI series was 65%, which rose to 82% if esophagitis,
      gastritis, and abnormalities of the postoperative stomach were excluded. Effects
      on patient management included: serious pathologic change ruled out (53%),
      further studies ordered (21%), change of therapy (17%), existing therapy
      continued (16%), surgery performed (7%), and radiologic abnormality ignored (5%).
      In no case did the combination of initial screening by UGI series followed by
      endoscopy as indicated lead to subsequently reported morbidity or mortality due
      to a failure of diagnosis.

PMID- 4029545
TI  - Secondary involvement of the transverse colon by tumors of the pelvis: spread of
      malignancies along the greater omentum.
AB  - Based on selected case studies the pathways of spread of malignancies arising
      from the pelvis are discussed. Secondary involvement of the transverse colon with
      characteristic lesions at the inferior border may be seen in these cases, caused
      by metastatic spread via the greater omentum. Ultrasonography and computed
      tomography may prove this diagnosis by showing peritoneal metastatic spread and
      tumorous infiltration of the greater omentum.

PMID- 4029546
TI  - Computed tomography in complicated acute appendicitis.
AB  - Due to the position and length of the appendix, intraabdominal abscesses after
      perforation in complicated acute appendicitis may occur in several different and
      sometimes unsuspected anatomical locations. Five patients are described with
      proven complicated acute appendicitis and inflammatory processes in multiple
      sites: anterior pararenal space, general retroperitoneum, subcutaneous fat space,
      intraperitoneal cavity, and small bowel mesentery. A confusing case of ileocecal
      carcinoid with mesenteric involvement is also presented. In all cases complicated
      acute appendicitis was diagnosed on CT prior to surgery, except in 1 case in
      which a pelvic abscess developed after intramural cecal bleeding in a patient
      with hemophilia B.

PMID- 4029548
TI  - Abstracts of scientific presentations. Society of Gastrointestinal Radiologists'
      fourteenth annual meeting. Napa, California, September 29-October 3, 1984.

PMID- 4029547
TI  - Infected calcified mucocele of the appendix with histologic features of mucinous
      cystadenoma.
AB  - A case of calcified and infected mucocele of the appendix is reported. The
      appearance of the calcification, the presence of gas with an air fluid level on
      plain films, and the opacification of the lumen of the mucocele by opaque enema
      allowed the correct radiologic diagnosis to be made.

PMID- 4029549
TI  - Exocrine pancreatic function in asymptomatic chronic alcoholics without
      structural pancreatic disease.
AB  - In order to elucidate the functional states of the pancreas in the asymptomatic
      latent stage of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, 45 chronic alcoholics with no
      obvious pancreatic structural abnormalities judged by endoscopic pancreatography
      were studied by pancreozymin-secretin test. We found three patterns of exocrine
      pancreatic function in alcoholics with or without cirrhosis: normal secretion
      (40%), hyposecretion (29%) and hypersecretion (31%). In the hyposecretory group,
      the amylase output proved to be impaired more frequently. In the hypersecretory
      group increases were observed in one or more of the following parameters, volume,
      bicarbonate output and amylase output. However, increase in volume was a
      fundamental condition in this hypersecretion. This study confirmed that exocrine
      pancreatic hyposecretion and hypersecretion were almost equally frequent in
      asymptomatic chronic alcoholics with no obvious pancreatographic abnormalities.
      These results suggest that ongoing exocrine pancreatic dysfunctions exist in the
      subclinical stage of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis.

PMID- 4029550
TI  - Effect of cimetidine on portal pressure and systemic hemodynamics in patients
      with and without liver cirrhosis.
AB  - Portal pressure and systemic hemodynamics were evaluated for 30 minutes after
      intravenous injection of 400 mg of cimetidine in patients with and without liver
      cirrhosis when they were operated upon for varying surgical diseases. A transient
      fall of arterial pressure was seen in both groups of patients, but the change was
      statistically significant only in those with cirrhosis. Cimetidine did not
      substantially alter pulse rate, CVP, and portal pressure in both groups. The
      present results seem to indicate that rapid administration of cimetidine does not
      induce a fall of portal venous pressure in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic
      patients.

PMID- 4029551
TI  - Improvement of endoscopic and histologic findings of AA-type gastrointestinal
      amyloidosis by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide and prednisolone.
AB  - We report the successful treatment of gastrointestinal amyloidosis with dimethyl
      sulfoxide. A 37 year-old man with adult-onset Still's disease suffered from
      diarrhea. Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed edematous mucosa,
      white patches, erosions and bleeding and amyloid deposits were demonstrated in
      biopsy specimens. After a period of 3 months dimethyl sulfoxide and prednisolone
      therapy, improvement in the endoscopic appearance of the gastrointestinal tract
      was observed. Amyloid deposits in biopsy specimens were reduced in the stomach
      and negative in the large intestine.

PMID- 4029552
TI  - Two stage total gastrectomy in a case of multiple bleeding gastric ulcers.
AB  - A 78-year-old man with severe diabetes mellitus fell into shock due to bleeding
      from multiple gastric ulcers. Near-total gastrectomy without reconstruction was
      performed in the initial operation to save his life. After his general condition
      improved, total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy was performed in a
      second procedure. As this two stage total gastrectomy can avoid excessive
      operative stress, and prevent rebleeding and breakdown at the anastomosis, we
      consider it a valuable procedure for patients who have multiple bleeding gastric
      ulcers involving almost the whole stomach, and who have very poor general
      condition or severe complications at the time of operation.

PMID- 4029553
TI  - Protection of liver cells from experimentally induced liver cell injury by
      glycyrrhizin.
AB  - Liver cell damage is induced when isolated liver cells coated with specific
      antibody against the liver cell membrane are cultured with peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells. Although this antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
      (ADCC) was induced by closed contact of effector cells with targets via specific
      antibody, a cytotoxic factor or factors causing inhibition of protein synthesis
      in liver cells was detected in the culture supernatant of the ADCC reaction.
      Similarly, peritoneal exudate macrophages activated by endotoxin
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also had cytotoxic effects on isolated liver cells by
      producing a cytotoxic substance or substances. These liver cell injuries caused
      by either ADCC or activated macrophage culture supernatants were significantly
      reduced by pretreatment of the isolated liver cells with glycyrrhizin before the
      addition of the cytotoxic culture supernatants. These results suggest that
      glycyrrhizin may protect liver cells from immunological injuries.

PMID- 4029554
TI  - Diadenosine tetraphosphate as a signal molecule linked with the functional state
      of rat liver.
AB  - Diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A), which has been suggested to be a
      signal nucleotide involved in positive growth regulation, was determined in rat
      liver under various conditions using the luciferin/luciferase system. The Ap4A
      level was 920 pmol/g of wet liver in normal adult rats, but was high at early
      stages of growth, the maximum value being 1460 pmol/g in 3-wk-old rats. An
      increase in Ap4A levels preceded deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in liver after
      hepatectomy. Ap4A levels were increased 5.5-fold (5125 pmol/g) 24 h after
      hepatectomy. The range of such increases was closely correlated with the mass of
      liver removed. Cholestasis produced by bile duct ligation and intraperitoneal
      injection of D-galactosamine remarkably lowered the Ap4A level to 20% and 42%,
      respectively; however, the adenosine triphosphate level was only slightly
      decreased to 65% and 78%, respectively. Fourteen days after bile duct ligation,
      Ap4A levels fell to less than 220 pmol/g, and the rats could no longer survive
      partial hepatectomy. These results suggest that hepatic Ap4A levels correlate
      positively with regenerative activity.

PMID- 4029555
TI  - Hepatic decompensation associated with hepatitis B e antigen clearance in chronic
      type B hepatitis.
AB  - To examine hepatic decompensation associated with acute exacerbation preceding
      hepatitis B e antigen clearance in chronic type B hepatitis, 376 patients with
      chronic hepatitis who were hepatitis B e antigen-positive were prospectively
      studied for up to 7 yr (mean 25 mo). Among the 165 patients who underwent
      hepatitis B e antigen clearance, 4 patients experienced hepatic decompensation
      and one of them eventually developed hepatic encephalopathy and died. The
      incidence of hepatic decompensation associated with hepatitis B e antigen
      clearance was 2.4%. We suggest that such an event in previously unrecognized
      chronic hepatitis B carriers could have been erroneously interpreted as acute or
      subacute hepatic failure, and that it might have been the result of a stronger
      enhancement of the host immune response.

PMID- 4029556
TI  - Developmental characteristics of the lower esophageal sphincter in the kitten.
AB  - Gastroesophageal reflux is a common event during infancy. Developmental factors
      may be responsible for incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in
      this age group. We used the cat as a model to evaluate in vivo and in vitro the
      mechanical factors responsible for LES pressure during infancy. We found that in
      vivo the kitten develops lower LES pressure than the adult cat. For in vitro
      studies consecutive rings 1.75 mm wide were obtained from the LES region of 3-day
      , 1-wk-, 3-wk-, and 6-wk-old kittens and of adult animals. Force-length curves
      were obtained in standard Tyrode's solution, in Tyrode's solution with high KCl,
      and in calcium-free Tyrode's solution with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
      disodium salt to determine basal, total, and passive forces, respectively. Active
      force is given by the difference between total and passive force. The maximum
      active force generated was lowest in the 3-day-old kittens and increased with
      age, being highest in the adult cat. Stresses, obtained by normalizing forces for
      the amount of muscle available, were greater in the kitten than the adult. The
      ratio of muscle thickness to its inner radius is markedly reduced in the kitten.
      As intraluminal or LES pressure is given by the product of stress and thickness
      to-radius ratio, this might explain why lower pressures are generated despite the
      higher stresses developed.

PMID- 4029557
TI  - Gastric distention: a mechanism for postprandial gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - The occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux after meals may be related to an
      increase in the rate of transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxations,
      the mechanisms of which are not understood. We investigated the effects of
      gastric distention on LES pressure in 16 normal subjects and 17 patients with
      gastroesophageal reflux disease. Intraluminal pressure was measured in the
      gastric fundus, LES, and esophageal body with a manometric catheter incorporating
      a sleeve device. Gastric distention was performed by injecting 0, 250, 500, or
      750 ml of air in randomized order into a balloon and maintaining each stimulus
      for 15 min. Gastric distention did not significantly alter resting LES pressure
      in either group. During the basal period the rate of transient LES relaxation in
      the reflux patients (1.1 +/- 0.4 per 15 min) was greater than that in the normal
      subjects (0.6 +/- 0.1 per 15 min). Gastric distention resulted in a significant
      threefold to fourfold increase in the rate of transient LES relaxations in both
      groups. The reflux patients had a significantly greater proportion of complete
      relaxations (87%) than did the normal subjects (73%). We conclude that gastric
      distention, by significantly increasing the rate of transient LES relaxations in
      both normal subjects and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, may
      contribute to the postprandial increase in gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 4029558
TI  - Effect of fat and carbohydrate composition on the gastric emptying of isocaloric
      feedings in premature infants.
AB  - The gastric emptying of six infant feedings (20 kcal/oz; whey to casein ratio,
      60:40) with varying fat and carbohydrate composition was studied. Feedings
      contained either predominantly long-chain triglycerides (94%) or predominantly
      medium-chain triglycerides (94%) as the fat and lactose, glucose, or glucose
      polymers (Polycose) as the carbohydrate. Eleven premature infants were fed 22
      ml/kg body wt of all six feedings over a 3-4-day period, and the volume of
      gastric contents was measured every 20 min using polyethylene glycol 4000 as the
      marker. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the use of medium-chain
      triglycerides resulted in faster gastric emptying than long-chain triglycerides
      (p less than 0.001). Analysis of variance and Tukey's test showed that use of
      glucose polymers instead of glucose resulted in less volume of gastric contents
      at 40 min (p less than 0.05). Use of glucose polymers instead of lactose resulted
      in less volume of gastric contents at 60 and 80 min (p less than 0.05). Gastric
      emptying can be altered by changes in nutrient composition. The difference
      between medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides was more pronounced than the
      differences between the carbohydrates studied. Feedings with medium-chain
      triglycerides may be more suitable than long-chain triglycerides in patients with
      delayed gastric emptying.

PMID- 4029559
TI  - Limitations of 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring in the hospital setting.
AB  - Prolonged intraesophageal pH monitoring is considered by some to be the most
      sensitive and specific test of gastroesophageal reflux. We prospectively examined
      the ability of the test to discriminate 64 hospitalized patients with typical
      reflux symptoms from 20 age-matched hospitalized control subjects. Patients were
      subdivided based on endoscopic findings into two groups: group 1, normal
      endoscopy (n = 30); group 2, erosive esophagitis (n = 34). Six different
      individual reflux variables and a scoring system were evaluated. Total esophageal
      acid exposure time and the number of reflux episodes requiring longer than 5 min
      to clear were each found to have greater discriminatory power than other
      variables and the scoring system. Although the 64 patients had significantly more
      acid reflux than controls, only 48% had abnormal results (defined as 2 SD from
      the control mean). Group 1 patients had significantly more reflux than controls,
      though only 21% had abnormal results. Group 2 patients were significantly
      different than both controls and group 1, but 29% had normal studies. Ninety
      three percent of the group 1 patients with normal studies responded to antireflux
      therapy, and only 1 patient had another explanation for the symptoms. The finding
      that 24-h pH monitoring was normal in half of the individuals presenting with
      reflux symptoms and in 29% of the patients with erosive esophagitis indicates
      that negative test results must be interpreted with caution. The insensitivity of
      the test may relate to the manner in which the study has traditionally been
      performed in the hospital, and outpatient ambulatory monitoring may improve its
      reliability.

PMID- 4029560
TI  - Effect of size and density on canine gastric emptying of nondigestible solids.
AB  - Previous studies suggested that the food-containing canine stomach retains large,
      nondigestible spheres until all food has emptied; but it is not known whether
      there is a threshold size or a gradation of sizes that will empty along with
      food. Further, nothing is known of the effects of such parameters as density,
      shape, and surface energy on the emptying of nondigestible particles of any given
      size. To answer these questions 6 dogs with chronic duodenal fistulas were
      studied. Radiolabeled food and spheres were collected from the fistulas to
      compare the rate of gastric emptying of the spheres with that of the food. After
      a standard test meal of 99mTc-labeled liver, steak, and water, diverted chyme was
      collected over a stack of sieves in 30-min fractions over 5 postcibal hours. The
      percent of fed spheres and fed 99mTc-labeled liver in each collection was
      counted, and liquid chyme was returned to the distal duodenum. Spheres with a
      density of 1 emptied progressively faster as sphere diameters were decreased from
      5 to 1 mm; but 0.015-mm spheres emptied at about the same rate as those with
      diameters of 1 mm. Emptying of the spheres became similar to emptying of the
      99mTc-labeled liver at about 1.6 mm. Spheres with densities less than 1 or
      greater than 1 emptied more slowly than spheres of the same size with a density
      of 1, whereas paper squares emptied the same way as spheres of comparable size
      and density. Surface energy did not affect emptying. The findings indicated that
      both sphere size and density affect their emptying in the presence of food.

PMID- 4029562
TI  - A continuous manometric study of the human pylorus.
AB  - Previous manometric studies of the pylorus in humans have yielded conflicting
      data. These interstudy variations may be the result of differences in technique.
      It is also possible that pyloric pressure shows cyclic variations with the
      interdigestive motility complex. Pyloric pressure was monitored continuously for
      300 min in 6 healthy men by means of a Dent sleeve. Gastroduodenal activity was
      measured simultaneously by using a perfused catheter system with two antral and
      two duodenal ports. With this method the pylorus was shown to have no elevation
      in basal pressure above baseline duodenal pressure during phase III. Basal
      pyloric pressure varied between subjects in phases I and II, being elevated in
      some but not in others. Subjects restudied on a separate day often showed a
      different pattern of activity. Pyloric pressure increased gradually in response
      to duodenal acidification. This response was blocked by pretreatment with
      naloxone. The pylorus also showed phasic activity, which was maximal in phase
      III. This phasic activity could not be distinguished from that of the adjacent
      antrum and duodenum. In conclusion, pyloric pressure patterns showed marked
      variation within and between subjects. These variations may explain some of the
      differences between previous studies.

PMID- 4029561
TI  - Depression of serum calcium by increased plasma free fatty acids in the rat: a
      mechanism for hypocalcemia in acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Some patients with hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis have marked
      hypocalcemia and high levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs). This study tests
      the hypothesis that increased plasma FFAs can significantly reduce the calcium
      level in vivo, a phenomenon which is different from local formation of calcium
      soaps due to lipolysis of adipose tissue lipids. Free fatty acid elevation was
      induced in rats by the administration of heparin and by the infusion of
      triglycerides. The results show that, compared with controls, induction of
      elevated FFA (from 1.57 +/- 0.08 mEq/L to 5.64 +/- 0.35, mean +/- SEM) causes the
      concentration of calcium to fall rapidly (from 9.04 +/- 0.06 mg/dl to 8.42 +/-
      0.10, p less than 0.001). There is a significant (p less than 0.001) positive
      correlation between spontaneous baseline concentration of FFA and the
      responsiveness of calcium concentration to FFA challenge. At near-normal levels
      of FFA there is a significant (p less than 0.001) correlation between the
      magnitude of increased FFA concentration and decreased calcium concentration.
      Additional studies in vivo and in vitro show that elevated plasma triglycerides
      per se did not interfere with measurement of calcium concentration; however, FFA
      albumin complexes bind calcium and lower its measured value. These findings
      suggest that (a) changes in the concentration of FFA occurring spontaneously may
      affect measured serum calcium concentration; (b) the observed depression of serum
      calcium concentration may be due in part to intravascular sequestration of
      calcium by FFA, but increased flux of circulating calcium-FFA complexes into
      extravascular and intracellular sites may also be important; (c) the markedly
      increased FFA concentration in some patients with acute pancreatitis may
      contribute significantly to hypocalcemia and calcium flux in these patients. As
      parathyroid hormone secretion, function, or integrity may be impaired in
      pancreatitis, the depressant effect of FFA could be even greater in that disease
      than in this model.

PMID- 4029563
TI  - Villous adenomas of the rectum. Results of endoscopic treatment with argon and
      Nd:YAG lasers.
AB  - Endoscopic treatment of rectal villous adenomas with argon and neodymium:yttrium
      aluminum garnet lasers is reported in 56 patients. Patients treated include 25
      who had polyp recurrence after non-laser polyp treatment, 8 who had small sessile
      polyps that would otherwise require major surgery, and 23 who had
      contraindications to surgery. Complete tumor ablation was documented over a 3-24
      mo follow-up period in 42 of the 56 treated patients. Of the remaining 14
      patients, 5 were referred for other therapy because invasive carcinoma developed
      during treatment, 5 could not be assessed with confidence because of radiation
      proctitis, and 4 were lost to follow-up. In all patients with symptoms,
      improvement was noted when 75% of the tumor was destroyed. Treatment was well
      tolerated with no major complications. The results compare favorably with
      conventional treatment. Because laser tissue destruction precludes complete
      histologic evaluation of polyp tissue, laser ablation of polyps should presently
      be limited to (a) patients with recurrent tumors after previous non-laser
      treatment who refuse surgery, (b) patients with serious contraindications to
      surgery, and (c) small benign tumors that would require major surgery.

PMID- 4029564
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis associated with traveling and giardiasis.
AB  - The aim of this study was to reveal sources where cryptosporidiosis may be
      acquired. We studied 4545 patients, from whom 5730 stool samples were obtained
      for the diagnosis of parasitic infections during 13 mo, and found that 119 of
      these patients (2.62%) excreted oocysts of Cryptosporidium. About two-thirds of
      the patients reported no animal contacts. There were no cases among children
      under the age of 5 yr, which is evidence against endemicity, and the prevalence
      was highest (6.22%) in young adults aged 15-29 yr. The sex distribution was
      unremarkable: of the 119 patients, 56 were men and 63 were women. Most patients
      reported a recent trip abroad, which had taken place 12 times more frequently
      during the previous month than earlier. Cryptosporidiosis was five times more
      frequent in patients who had recently visited Leningrad than in others, and seven
      times more frequent in patients with Giardia lamblia than in others. Sporadic
      cryptosporidiosis occurs mainly in travelers, and seems to be acquired from
      similar sources as giardiasis.

PMID- 4029565
TI  - Regional gradient of initial inhibition and refractoriness in esophageal smooth
      muscle.
AB  - The influence of two successive vagal stimuli on esophageal contractions was
      studied by recording intraluminal pressures in the smooth muscle portion of the
      opossum esophagus. The esophageal contraction in response to the first or second
      stimulus in a pair of vagal stimuli was inhibited depending on the interstimulus
      interval, the frequency of the stimulus, and the esophageal site. The esophageal
      contraction in response to the first vagal stimulus was inhibited by a second
      vagal stimulus if the latter stimulus was applied before the peak of the first
      contraction. This phenomenon is termed initial inhibition. Initial inhibition is
      a graded phenomenon. It was greater at higher frequencies than at lower
      frequencies (p less than 0.001), and was significantly greater in the distal
      esophagus than in the proximal esophagus (p less than 0.01). The term
      "refractoriness" has been used to denote inhibition of the second esophageal
      contraction by the first. Refractoriness was observed during and beyond the
      duration of the first esophageal response. Refractoriness was also observed at
      all esophageal levels; however, the interstimulus intervals that demonstrated
      refractoriness were significantly greater in the distal than in the proximal
      esophagus (p less than 0.01). Refractoriness was complete (effective refractory
      period) during the ascending phase of the first contraction. Refractoriness was
      incomplete after the peak of the contraction (relative refractory period). These
      studies show gradients of durations and degrees of initial inhibition and
      refractoriness along the esophagus. The gradient is responsible for the
      peristaltic nature of esophageal contraction. The gradients of initial inhibition
      and refractoriness determine esophageal response to multiple successive swallows.

PMID- 4029566
TI  - Relationship of blood flow and oxygen consumption to ischemic injury in the
      canine small intestine.
AB  - The relationship of blood flow and oxygen uptake to ischemic intestinal injury
      was investigated by measuring the clearance of 131I-albumin from the blood to the
      lumen of isolated, perfused segments of canine jejunum. Reductions in blood flow
      for 2 h to various levels confirmed the previously demonstrated relationship of
      oxygen uptake to blood flow, i.e., oxygen uptake was flow-independent at blood
      flows above 30 ml/min X 100 g, and flow-dependent at levels below this. Blood
      flows above this threshold did not change the level of albumin clearance seen
      under control conditions (0.022 +/- 0.003 ml/min X 100 g). However, increases in
      the mucosal permeability to albumin were seen after blood flow was reduced to
      levels where oxygen uptake was decreased by more than 50%. These findings
      indicate that the ability of the small intestine to maintain oxygen consumption
      during low flow states may be an important factor in providing protection from
      ischemic injury, even during prolonged periods of hypoperfusion.

PMID- 4029567
TI  - Intestinal pseudoobstruction caused by diffuse lymphoid infiltration of the small
      intestine.
AB  - Four young women presented with diarrhea, malabsorption, and intestinal
      pseudoobstruction. Intestinal biopsy specimens (both peroral and full-thickness)
      showed flat small intestinal mucosa, sparsity of crypts, and a widespread
      lymphoid infiltrate in the lamina propria, muscularis propria, and myenteric
      plexus. There was no neuron or nerve fiber loss or damage in the plexus; muscle
      cell absence in the vicinity of lymphoid cell infiltration in the muscularis
      propria probably accounted for the pathogenesis of pseudoobstruction.
      Immunochemical stains showed that the infiltrate was polyclonal, and none of the
      patients has developed lymphoma on clinical follow-up of 4-16 yr. Transient
      improvement in symptoms occurred after antibiotic therapy in 3 patients, and 1
      patient had improvement after treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisone;
      however, symptoms of pseudoobstruction persist in all. These cases illustrate yet
      another cause of intestinal pseudoobstruction which is histologically distinct
      from visceral myopathies and neuropathies. The pathogenesis of this illness may
      be related to that of diffuse immunoproliferative diseases seen in Third World
      countries.

PMID- 4029568
TI  - Peculiar purine nucleotides and liver regeneration.

PMID- 4029569
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica peritonitis.

PMID- 4029570
TI  - Classification of pancreatitis--Cambridge and Marseille.

PMID- 4029571
TI  - The relationship of bacteremia to the length of injection needle in endoscopic
      variceal sclerotherapy.
AB  - The authors evaluated whether depth of needle insertion as determined by needle
      length is an important factor in sclerotherapy-associated bacteremia. In 18
      consecutive sclerotherapy sessions in which sodium morrhuate was used, blood
      cultures were positive in 11% when using an injector with only 3 to 4 mm of
      needle protruding beyond the sheath, compared with the 39% incidence of
      bacteremia previously observed when an injector was used which permitted 6 to 8
      mm of needle to protrude (0.01 less than p less than 0.05). Twenty-five
      additional sclerotherapy sessions in which the shorter needle was used were
      performed with a different sclerosant, 1% sodium tetradecyl sulfate; only 8% of
      blood cultures were positive. No correlation was found between fever and
      bacteremia. The authors conclude that the exposed needle length of the injector
      must be specified in any report of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy with the
      flexible endoscope since this length is critical in the incidence of associated
      bacteremia and possibly other complications.

PMID- 4029572
TI  - Incidence of bacteremia with elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopic laser
      therapy.
AB  - The incidence of bacteremia associated with endoscopy varies widely for different
      endoscopic procedures. This study prospectively evaluates the incidence of
      bacteremia in patients undergoing elective endoscopic laser therapy for two
      diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. In five patients (eight treatment
      sessions) with arteriovenous malformations, no bacteremia developed. In 15
      patients (26 treatment sessions) with esophagogastric carcinoma, bacteremia
      developed at some time during the procedure in six (40%). However, bacteremia
      appeared to be associated with the endoscopic insertion through the tumor rather
      than the laser treatment per se. These findings lead us to conclude that for
      patients undergoing endoscopy and laser therapy for esophagogastric malignancy,
      but not for those being treated for arteriovenous malformations, antibiotic
      prophylaxis to prevent endocarditis may be indicated.

PMID- 4029573
TI  - Angiodysplasia of the stomach and duodenum.
AB  - Twenty-five angiodysplasias in the stomach and duodenum were identified with
      endoscopy in 12 patients. The average age of the patients was 70 years. Two
      patients had aortic stenosis. Six of the patients were treated with
      electrocoagulation, three of whom required surgery. Angiodysplasia of the upper
      gastrointestinal tract is considered to be more common than previously thought
      and an important cause of both obscure and overt bleeding.

PMID- 4029574
TI  - Endoscopic appearance of gastric myeloma.

PMID- 4029575
TI  - Bacterial endocarditis after Hurst bougienage in a patient with a benign
      esophageal stricture and mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 4029577
TI  - Evaluation of the larynx, hypopharynx, and nasopharynx at the time of diagnostic
      upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

PMID- 4029576
TI  - Carcinoid tumors of the duodenum: endoscopic diagnosis of two cases.

PMID- 4029578
TI  - Mucosal clipping--utility and safety testing in the colon.

PMID- 4029579
TI  - Treatment of a biliocutaneous fistula by endoscopic insertion of a nasobiliary
      tube.

PMID- 4029580
TI  - Who should have endocarditis prophylaxis for upper gastrointestinal procedures?

PMID- 4029581
TI  - Ulcerative esophagitis in Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 4029582
TI  - Peptic ulcer and hyperplastic polyps in chronic gastric volvulus.

PMID- 4029583
TI  - Medication washout.

PMID- 4029584
TI  - Gastric rupture due to external cardiac massage following gastroscopy.

PMID- 4029585
TI  - ERCP and allergic reactions to iodized contrast media.

PMID- 4029587
TI  - [Drug sensitivity testing of gynecologic tumors using Volm's test and stem cell
      assay].
AB  - A variety of test systems have been developed for predicting the efficacy of
      cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of individual malignant human tumors. The
      present paper reports on the author's experience with Volm's short-term
      chemosensitivity test and Hamburger and Salmon's stem-cell assay. In the Volm
      test the influence of adriamycin on the incorporation of radioactively labelled
      uridine in an individual tumor cell suspension was investigated. Comparison with
      a cytostatic-free control permitted conclusions to be drawn with regard to the
      proliferation-related chemosensitivity. The stem-cell assay is based on the
      capacity of certain tumor cells, the so-called stem cells, to form colonies in a
      bilaminar soft agar system. The growth of the colony of pre-incubated cytostatics
      was evaluated in relation to that of untreated tumor cells. The Volm test was
      successful in 63 (95%) out of a total of 66 tests conducted. Twelve tumors were
      chemosensitive in the test and 51 chemoresistant. In the stem-cell assay, growth
      of a colony which permitted chemosensitivity to be tested was only found in 27
      out of 183 tests. The criterion of chemosensitivity with a reduction of at least
      50% in the number of cells in the colony by at least one cytostatic was satisfied
      by 14 (29%) of the 49 stem-cell assays which could be evaluated, there being no
      differences between breast and ovarian carcinomas. The two test systems indicated
      the chemosensitivity correctly in less than 50% of 49 retrospectively evaluated
      courses of disease. In contrast, resistance was predicted correctly in
      90%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029586
TI  - [Rate of pregnancy in the treatment of sterility during spontaneous and therapy
      cycles].
AB  - Serum hCG was determined in 231 infertility patients in the late luteal phase of
      spontaneous and therapeutic cycles. The aim was to establish whether the
      discrepancy between the high number of induced ovulation cycles and the far lower
      cycle-related pregnancy rate can be explained by subclinical abortion. In 16.7%
      of spontaneous cycles hCG was positive; in 16.8% of these cases clinical
      pregnancy subsequently occurred. The rate of biochemically detectable pregnancies
      was no higher under endocrine therapy. However, under treatment with clomiphene,
      epimestrol, prolactin inhibitors and glucocorticoids the rate of clinical
      pregnancies was almost twice as high, and after hMG/hCG therapy clinically
      demonstrable pregnancies developed from biochemically identified ones in 76% of
      the cycles. The investigations show that a stimulation therapy leading to
      ovulatory cycles after multifollicular development increases the clinical
      pregnancy rate without resulting in a higher rate of very early abortions.

PMID- 4029588
TI  - [Secondary vulvectomy treatment results in local recurrence of a vulvar carcinoma
      following electron irradiation].
AB  - Between 1965 and 1979 vulvectomy was performed in 41 patients because of
      histologically demonstrated local recurrence of a vulval carcinoma after electron
      beam therapy. Of the patients thus treated, 36.6% survived more than 3 years and
      19.5% more than 5 years. An analysis of this group of patients shows that only
      recurrences less than 3 cm in size have a good prognosis with secondary
      vulvectomy. However, even with a more severe local condition, a secondary
      vulvectomy is justified as a palliative. Previous electron beam therapy does not
      represent an absolute contraindication to surgery, even though there may only be
      secondary healing in almost all cases.

PMID- 4029589
TI  - [Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania as a postpartum headache syndrome].

PMID- 4029590
TI  - Kinetics of passive transport in water/membrane/water system. A mathematical
      description.

PMID- 4029591
TI  - Activation of mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase by cadmium ions.
AB  - Mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.2.1.) requires Ca2+ ions
      for its activity. Cadmium ions also have activatory effect on the enzyme. They
      activate the glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in a very narrow concentration
      range (1-2 mmol/l). As contrasted with calcium, strong inhibitory effect occurred
      at higher concentrations (3-4 mmol/l). The inhibition induced by cadmium ions was
      completely reversible by washing of the mitochondria.

PMID- 4029592
TI  - Thyroid morphological and functional heterogeneity: impact on iodine secretion.
AB  - Thyroid iodine turnover heterogeneity includes morphological (cellular and
      colloidal distribution space for iodide) and functional heterogeneity (hormone
      synthesis in the colloid). In 'normal' rats, both iodide actively trapped by the
      epithelial cell and that coming from deiodination of iodotyrosines present the
      same probability for thyroglobulin (Tg) iodination (Tg iodination flux: 4.0 +/-
      0.3 micrograms I/day). A portion of the thyroid iodide is sequestered in the
      colloid lumen and is inoperative in the Tg iodination mechanisms. The masses of
      cell and colloid compartments are equivalent (0.018 +/- 0.002 micrograms I) while
      colloid iodide concentration is twice that of the cell (0.11 and 0.06,
      respectively). The turnover of about 3 micrograms I of colloid iodine (Tg) is
      follicle diameter-dependent (inter-follicular heterogeneity) and it is mainly
      characterized by 2 different half lives of 8 and 16 hours, respectively. Ninety
      percent of the thyroid iodine (hormone) secretion (1.10 +/- 0.11 micrograms
      I/day) is provided by this compartment rich in iodotyrosine residues (70%). The
      remaining 10% of iodine secretion is provided by a Tg pool (7 micrograms I)
      characterized by 2 compartments (intra-follicular heterogeneity) with slow and
      very slow turnovers. The longer the transit time of Tg molecules in the colloid,
      the higher their iodothyronine content.

PMID- 4029593
TI  - The effect of 3H-thymidine on the proliferation of in vitro cultured mammalian
      cells.
AB  - The effect of 3H-thymidine on the proliferation of Chinese hamster cells (clone
      V79) was studied. Following 3H-thymidine application the proliferation of cells
      (studied on the basis of plating efficiency) was found to be diminished, the drop
      being dependent on radioactivity (2-20 kBq/ml cultivation medium), the time of
      application (2-20 h) and specific activity of 3H-thymidine added. Exogenous
      macromolecular DNA was able to repair, to an important degree the radiotoxic
      effect of 3H-thymidine on V79 cells by a mechanism other than the mere reduction
      of specific activity of 3H-thymidine.

PMID- 4029594
TI  - Temperature-dependent properties of delayed outward current channels in somatic
      membrane of snail neurones.

PMID- 4029595
TI  - A contribution to the morphological study of acute changes in the blood vessels
      of the central nervous system of rats following irradiation with high-energy (4
      GeV/nucleon) helium ions.
AB  - Rats were irradiated with helium ions (4 GeV/nucleon; 2 or 4 Gy). After 4-9 hours
      or three days, a perfusion was performed and sections of the cerebral cortex were
      investigated under light and electron microscopes. Changes observed in the
      vessels of the telencephalic cortex are described. Most of the vessels in the
      sections analysed showed no signs of damage. In some cases there was a dilated
      perivascular space; a comparison of its occurrence in irradiated and control
      animals showed a statistically significant increase in frequency of the
      phenomenon at a shorter interval after irradiation with a larger dose. Electron
      microscopical analysis showed that the main locality of damage was the border of
      the perivascular foot of the astrocytes, which exhibited various degrees of
      edema. The discussion stresses the peculiarities of the interaction of helium
      ions with living tissues, particularly the heterogeneity of the distribution of
      absorbed energy. The consequence is in accordance with the nature of the changes
      observed.

PMID- 4029596
TI  - Nucleotide sequence-dependent opening of double-stranded DNA at an electrically
      charged surface.
AB  - It has been shown earlier that the DNA double helix is opened due to a prolonged
      contact of the DNA molecule with the surface of the mercury electrode. At neutral
      pH, the opening process is relatively slow (around 100 s), and it is limited to
      potentials close to -1.2 V (against SCE). The opening of the double helix has
      been explained by strains in the DNA molecule due to strong repulsion of the
      negatively charged phosphate residues from the electrode surface where the
      polynucleotide chain is anchored via hydrophobic bases. Interaction of the
      synthetic ds polynucleotides with alternating nucleotide sequences/poly(dA
      dT).poly (dA-dT), poly (dA-dU).poly (dA-dU), poly (dG-dC).poly (dG-dC)/ and
      homopolymer pairs/poly (dA).poly (dT), poly (rA).poly (rU) and poly (dG).poly
      (dC)/ with the hanging mercury drop electrode has been studied. Changes in
      reducibility of the polynucleotides were exploited to indicate opening of the
      double helix. A marked difference in the behaviour was observed between
      polynucleotides with alternating nucleotide sequence and homopolymer pairs:
      opening of the double-helical structures of the former polynucleotides occurs at
      a very narrow potential range (less than 100 mV) (region U), while with the
      homopolymer pairs containing A X T or A X U pairs, the width of this region is
      comparable to that of natural DNA (greater than 200 mV). In contrast to natural
      DNA, the region U of homopolymer pairs is composed of two distinct phases. No
      region U was observed with poly (dG).poly (dC). In polynucleotides with
      alternating nucleotide sequence, the rate of opening of the double helix is
      strongly dependent on the electrode potential in region U, while in homopolymer
      pairs, this rate is less potential-dependent. It has been assumed that the
      difference in the behaviour between homopolymer pairs and polynucleotides with
      alternating nucleotide sequence is due to differences in absorbability of the two
      polynucleotide chains in the molecule of a homopolymer pair (resulting from
      different absorbability of purine and pyrimidine bases) in contrast to equal
      adsorbability of both chains in a polynucleotide molecule with alternating
      nucleotide sequence. It has been shown that the mercury electrode is a good model
      of biological surfaces (e.g. membranes), and that the nucleotide sequence
      dependent opening (unwinding) of the DNA double helix at electrically charged
      surfaces may play an important role in many biological processes.

PMID- 4029597
TI  - Emission of microvesicles and erythrocytic spherocytation.
AB  - We have examined mathematically the "cause-effect" relationship between the
      phenomenon of emission of microvesicles and that of erythrocytic sphericitation,
      especially when the age of the cell is the main factor involved.

PMID- 4029598
TI  - Membrane digestion and transport under physiological conditions: a review of
      available data.
AB  - A technique to study membrane digestion and transport in the small intestine
      under physiological conditions has been developed. The technique is based on a
      continuous perfusion of a chronically isolated loop of the rat small intestine.
      Membrane hydrolysis and transport of some nutrients in the rat small intestine in
      chronic, as well as in acute (in situ) experiments was investigated. The
      absorption of hexoses and amino acids has been found to be 2.5-4 times higher
      under physiological conditions than in acute in situ experiments. Both the active
      transport of glucose released from maltose hydrolysis and the hydrolysis of the
      latter is increased under physiological conditions. A coupling between the final
      stages of hydrolysis and the initial stages of transport in chronic experiments
      was shown to be highly efficient; practically all or nearly all glucose released
      is being transported without entering the luminal phase. The hydrolysis rate of
      starch during the perfusion of a small intestinal segment in chronic experiments
      is many times higher than that in acute experiments or under anaesthesia. The
      enzymatic and transport activities revealed using a widely accepted technique in
      situ, the more so, in vitro account for only a small fraction of those which are
      typical of undisturbed processes under conditions close to the physiological. The
      levels of functioning of the digestive-transport systems of the small intestine
      considered as natural levels developed in the process of evolution, actually
      reflect only residual processes and, in most cases, they account for 1/3 to 1/10
      of the true level of an actual physiological process.

PMID- 4029599
TI  - Principal component analysis for a better understanding of the herbicidal
      effectivity of some benzonitriles.
AB  - To gain more insight in mode of action of ten different 4-hydroxy-benzonitrile
      derivatives, their biological activities in eight bioassays, and their
      lipophilicity and adsorptivity determined by thin-layer chromatography in nine
      different systems were subjected to principal component analysis. Four background
      components explained about 90% of total variance. Only three of eight biological
      activities, the inhibition of the 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol reduction by
      spinach and wheat chloroplasts and the CO2 fixation of wheat seedlings had not
      any common background components with the physico-chemical parameters of the
      compounds. The nonlinear mapping of principal component loadings and variables
      showed, that the in vivo and in vitro biological activities differed considerably
      and depended on the object investigated. The effectivity of compounds is governed
      mainly by the number of substituents and by the presence of free hydroxy group.

PMID- 4029600
TI  - Mechanical response of bilayer lipid membranes during bacteriorhodopsin
      conformation changes.

PMID- 4029601
TI  - Effect of slow calcium channel blockers on the electromechanical activity of frog
      myocardium in the presence of epinephrine.
AB  - The calcium channels blockers fenihidine (3.5 X 10(-5) mol/l), ryosidine (10(-5)
      mol/l), D-600 (10(-5) mol/l) and Mn ions (2 X 10(-3) mol/l or 5 X 10(-3) mol/l)
      block contraction force and shorten the duration of action potentials of the frog
      myocardial ventricle strand under normal conditions. When contraction force and
      the duration of action potentials were restored by epinephrine (10(-5) mol/l),
      these agents were unable to suppress these parameters. The increase in both
      contraction force and the duration of action potentials induced by epinephrine
      were blocked by acetylcholine. Recording by voltage clamp of inward calcium
      current (Ica) of the frog atrial trabeculae it was found that fenihidine
      decreases Ica activated by epinephrine to a smaller extent than observed at
      normal conditions. Let as assume that epinephrine increases Ica by means of
      increasing number of calcium channels so these data support the proposed
      existence of as many as two calcium channel fractions in frog myocardium, which
      differ in the sensitivity to calcium channels blockers.

PMID- 4029602
TI  - Sodium transport and electrical properties of the chick chorioallantoic membrane.
AB  - Transport and electrical properties of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM)
      were studied in order to find the osmoregulatory organ which helps to compensate
      the renal filtration-reabsorption disbalance of chick embryos. It could be shown
      that CAM resembles Na+ transporting epithelia in that active Na+ absorption is
      responsible for the potential difference and short circuit current, which could
      be abolished by ouabain on the ectodermal and amiloride on the endodermal side.
      The transepithelial conductance rose with increasing sodium concentration in
      accordance with the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The allantoic sac thus plays a
      role similar to the toad urinary bladder despite the low potential difference and
      resistance which indicate that CAM is a leaky epithelium. CAM is therefore not
      only a respiratory but also an osmoregulatory organ.

PMID- 4029603
TI  - The influence of certain colchicine derivatives on the growth characteristics of
      L cells.
AB  - Colchicine and its derivatives (demecolcine, 2-demethyldemecolcine and acetylated
      2-demethyldemecolcine) blocked the mitotic activity of L cells and inhibited
      proliferation and DNA synthesis. This effect depended on the length of the
      exposure and the concentration of the substances tested (from 0.05 micrograms/ml
      up to 2.6 micrograms/ml). The greatest values of plating efficiency, cell
      proliferation, mitotic index and inhibition of DNA synthesis, respectively, were
      found after the application of colchiciline (0.2 micrograms/ml). These effects
      were reversible, since L cells underwent regeneration of the mitotic spindle and
      renewal of their function after the removal of colchiciline. Reversible effects
      were much less with other colchicine derivatives tested. The different effects of
      colchicine and its derivatives were due to their chemical structure, which
      determines the interactions with respective L cell receptors and thus modifies
      the mechanism of action on the mitotic apparatus of L cells.

PMID- 4029604
TI  - Voltammetry of tobacco mosaic virus and its isolated protein at the graphite
      electrode.
AB  - The electrochemical behaviour of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and its isolated
      protein was studied using differential pulse (DP) voltammetry at a graphite
      electrode and by direct current (DC) polarography in Brdicka solution. TMV and
      its isolated protein were found to be electrooxidized at the graphite electrode
      in the adsorbed state. Both species yielded two oxidation peaks on DP
      voltammograms. The first, more negative peak, corresponded to electrooxidation of
      tyrosine residues, whereas the other, more positive, peak corresponded to
      electrooxidation of tryptophan residues. DC polarography was used to detect
      degradation of TMV and denaturation of TMV-protein induced by an increased pH and
      by the addition of urea, respectively. These structural transformations resulted
      in increased DP voltammetric oxidation currents as recorded using a graphite
      working electrode. It has been suggested that the higher oxidation currents were
      due to an increase in the number of tyrosine and tryptophan residues accessible
      to the reaction at the graphite electrode. The results of these electrochemical
      investigations were in a good agreement with the estimation of the accessibility
      of tyrosine and tryptophan residues based on the well-explored three-dimensional
      structure of TMV and its isolated protein.

PMID- 4029605
TI  - Superprecipitation of hybrid actomyosin containing pathologic actin from failing
      hearts of adults and infants.
AB  - Superprecipitation (SP) of artificial actomyosin, obtained by hybridization of
      Straub actin from the human myocardium with myosin of normal animal hearts was
      studied. Actin was prepared from the myocardium of persons who died of congestive
      heart failure and various non-cardiac diseases, as well as of infants whose death
      resulted from toxic pneumonia complicated or not with heart failure. It was shown
      that, in the control hybrid actomyosin, the substitution of normal Straub actin
      by that from the failing heart resulted in decrease of both the rate and extent
      of SP. The conclusion was made that both changes in myosin properties and Straub
      actin underlie the reduced contractility of the myofibrillar protein system in
      acute and congestive heart failure.

PMID- 4029606
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ethimizol in healthy and gamma- irradiated rats.

PMID- 4029607
TI  - Localized conversion in Streptococcus pneumoniae recombination: heteroduplex
      preference.
AB  - In pneumococcal transformation the frequency of recombinants between point
      mutations is generally proportional to distance. We have recently described an
      aberrant marker in the amiA locus that appeared to enhance recombination
      frequency when crossed with any other allele of this gene. The hyperrecombination
      that we have observed in two-point crosses could be explained by two hypotheses:
      the aberrant marker induces frequent crossovers in its vicinity or the mutant is
      converted to wild type. In this report we present evidence showing that, in
      suitable three-point crosses, this hyperrecombination does not modify the
      recombination frequency between outside markers, suggesting that a conversion
      occurs at the site of this mutation. To estimate the length over which this event
      occurs, we isolated very closely linked markers and used them in two-point
      crosses. It appears that the conversion system removes only a few base pairs
      (from three to 27) around the aberrant marker. This conversion process is quite
      different from the mismatch-repair system controlled by hex genes in
      pneumococcus, which involves several thousand base pairs. Moreover, we have
      constructed artificial heteroduplexes using separated DNA strands. It appears
      that only one of the two heteroduplexes is specifically converted. The conversion
      system acts upon 5'..ATTAAT..3'/3'.. TAAGTA..5'. A possible role of the
      palindrome resulting from the mutation is discussed.

PMID- 4029608
TI  - Fine structure and instability of the Ml-a locus in barley.
AB  - There are many naturally occurring variants at the Ml-a locus in barley that
      confer resistance to the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei.
      Since the Ml-a locus is bracketed by Hor-1 and Hor-2, genes that encode storage
      proteins in the endosperm, the Ml-a locus is amenable to fine structure analysis.
      Rare susceptible recombinants, as judged by exchange of flanking markers, were
      recovered in F3 families from the Ml-a10 X Ml-a1, Ml-a1 X Ml-a15 and Ml-a6 X Ml
      a13 crosses. Some susceptible recombinants were recovered from the Ml-a6 X Ml-a13
      cross that did not fit the expected F3 family segregation ratios. The Ml-a6/Ml
      a13 recombinants often reverted to resistance in subsequent generations. No
      recombinants were recovered in the reciprocal cross, Ml-a13 X Ml-a6. The
      possibility of a transposable element and a possible linear order of six
      "alleles" at the Ml-a locus is discussed.

PMID- 4029609
TI  - Statistical properties of the number of recombination events in the history of a
      sample of DNA sequences.
AB  - Some statistical properties of samples of DNA sequences are studied under an
      infinite-site neutral model with recombination. The two quantities of interest
      are R, the number of recombination events in the history of a sample of
      sequences, and RM, the number of recombination events that can be parsimoniously
      inferred from a sample of sequences. Formulas are derived for the mean and
      variance of R. In contrast to R, RM can be determined from the sample. Since no
      formulas are known for the mean and variance of RM, they are estimated with Monte
      Carlo simulations. It is found that RM is often much less than R, therefore, the
      number of recombination events may be greatly under-estimated in a parsimonious
      reconstruction of the history of a sample. The statistic RM can be used to
      estimate the product of the recombination rate and the population size or, if the
      recombination rate is known, to estimate the population size. To illustrate this,
      DNA sequences from the Adh region of Drosophila melanogaster are used to estimate
      the effective population size of this species.

PMID- 4029610
TI  - Effects of pleiotropy on predictions concerning mutation-selection balance for
      polygenic traits.
AB  - Previous mathematical analyses of mutation-selection balance for metric traits
      assume that selection acts on the relevant loci only through the character(s)
      under study. Thus, they implicitly assume that all of the relevant mutation and
      selection parameters are estimable. A more realistic analysis must recognize that
      many of the pleiotropic effects of loci contributing variation to a given
      character are not known. To explore the consequences of these hidden effects, I
      analyze models of two pleiotropically connected polygenic traits, denoted P1 and
      P2. The actual equilibrium genetic variance for P1, based on complete knowledge
      of all mutation and selection parameters for both P1 and P2, can be compared to a
      prediction based solely on observations of P1. This extrapolation mimics
      empirically obtainable predictions because of the inevitability of unknown
      pleiotropic effects. The mutation parameters relevant to P1 are assumed to be
      known, but selection intensity is estimated from the within-generation reduction
      of phenotypic variance for P1. The extrapolated prediction is obtained by
      substituting these parameters into formulas based on single-character analyses.
      Approximate analytical and numerical results show that the level of agreement
      between these univariate extrapolations and the actual equilibrium variance
      depends critically on both the genetic model assumed and the relative magnitudes
      of the mutation and selection parameters. Unless per locus mutation rates are
      extremely high, i.e., generally greater than 10(-4), the widely used gaussian
      approximation for genetic effects at individual loci is not applicable.
      Nevertheless, the gaussian approximations predict that the true and extrapolated
      equilibria are in reasonable agreement, i.e., within a factor of two, over a wide
      range of parameter values. In contrast, an alternative approximation that applies
      for moderate and low per locus mutation rates predicts that the extrapolation
      will generally overestimate the true equilibrium variance unless there is little
      selection associated with hidden effects. The tendency to overestimate is
      understandable because selection acts on all of the pleiotropic manifestations of
      a new mutation, but equilibrium covariances among the characters affected may not
      reveal all of this selection. This casts doubt on the proposal that much of the
      additive polygenic variance observed in natural populations can be explained by
      mutation-selection balance. It also indicates the difficulty of critically
      evaluating this hypothesis.

PMID- 4029611
TI  - [Estimation of the parameters of the single-locus diallele model of qualitative
      trait in groups of relations].
AB  - The method of estimation of parameters of monolocus diallele model (MDM) of
      qualitative trait on relative group data is described, these parameters being the
      number of affected and normal proband relatives of the arbitrary family degree
      and siblings in different matings types. For the case of single ascertainment,
      the expressions of corresponding probabilities have been taken as functions of
      MDM parameters using ITO matrixes and genetic transition matrix. Estimation of
      parameters was obtained by the maximum likelyhood method. Hardy-Weinberg
      equilibrium is not always necessary for this method; some weak requirement of
      stationarity is quite enough.

PMID- 4029612
TI  - [Families with recurrent cases of Waardenburg-Klein syndrome].
AB  - Deaf children with the type I Waardenburg--Klein syndrome were studied. Secondary
      cases were found in 14 unrelated and 1 incest families. In 10 families probands
      and all their affected relatives had the type I Waardenburg--Klein syndrome. In 4
      families patients were discovered with both type I and type II syndromes. In an
      incest family the proband seemed to have the type III, while his mother and
      father (sibs) had type II and their grandmother the type I syndrome. These
      results contradict the hypothesis claiming the origin of different types of
      Waardenburg--Klein syndrome to be due to the action of different genes. It is
      proposed that types I and II, or all types of the syndrome are caused by a single
      dominant gene. Potential mechanisms for clinical polymorphism of Waardenburg-
      Klein syndrome are related to incomplete penetrance and varying expression of
      this gene.

PMID- 4029613
TI  - Recombination between the t6 complex and linked loci in the house mouse.

PMID- 4029614
TI  - New ara-C resistant mutants of the Chinese hamster ovary cells.

PMID- 4029616
TI  - Polymorphism from environmental heterogeneity: models are only robust if the
      heterozygote is close in fitness to the favoured homozygote in each environment.

PMID- 4029615
TI  - Covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects in mice, with a model of
      persistent environmental influences.

PMID- 4029617
TI  - Observed relationships between protein heterozygosity and protein genetic
      distance and comparisons with neutral expectations.

PMID- 4029618
TI  - Genetic experiments on sisomicin production by Micromonospora rosea.

PMID- 4029620
TI  - Multiple-cloning-site plasmids for the rapid construction of recombinant
      poxviruses.
AB  - Plasmid vectors containing multiple cloning sites suitable for the rapid
      insertion of protein-coding sequences into poxviruses have been constructed. They
      are based on pUC plasmids and carry the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of vaccinia
      virus interrupted by a vaccinia virus promoter. Six unique restriction enzyme
      sites (BamHI, SalI/HincII, PstI, HindIII, EcoRI), located within 40 bp of
      vaccinia virus promoters transposed from the HindIII-F or HindIII-C fragment of
      the vaccinia virus genome, allow rapid insertion of foreign-protein-coding
      sequences into these plasmids. Such plasmids can be used to construct recombinant
      poxviruses expressing foreign proteins using marker-rescue recombination
      techniques and selection for TK negative viruses. Vaccinia viruses expressing the
      haemagglutinin (HA) gene of swine influenza virus, A/NJ/11/76 (H1N1), have been
      constructed.

PMID- 4029619
TI  - Characterization of the Trypanosoma brucei 5S ribosomal RNA gene and transcript:
      the 5S rRNA is a spliced-leader-independent species.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that transcription occurs discontinuously for many
      genes in Trypanosoma brucei. To further investigate details of transcription in
      trypanosomes, the genes for the 5S ribosomal RNA from Trypanosoma brucei
      rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei were cloned. Sequence analysis and
      Southern blotting showed the genes to be arranged in highly conserved tandem
      repeats of approx. 740 bp, which have no relation to the conserved 35-base
      spliced-leader repeat element. The genes contain internal control regions similar
      to 5S genes of other species, and studies of the 5S gene transcript show that it
      does not contain the conserved 35-base spliced-leader found at the 5' end of
      other trypanosome transcripts. Moreover, the 5S rRNA can be capped by
      guanylyltransferase from vaccinia virus, indicating that it has a 5' di- or
      triphosphate terminus. These results strongly suggest that the spliced-leader
      does not take part in the transcription of the 5S gene and that discontinuous
      transcription may be limited to particular classes of transcripts determined, as
      in other species, by the type of RNA polymerase used in their transcription. The
      DNA sequences of the 5S gene repeat from T.b. brucei and T.b. rhodesiense are
      presented, and their evolutionary significance is discussed.

PMID- 4029621
TI  - Nucleotide sequences in human chromosomal DNA from nonhepatic tissues homologous
      to the hepatitis B virus genome.
AB  - DNA extracted from human nonhepatic tissues (placenta and kidney) have been
      digested with restriction endonucleases and examined by the Southern procedure
      with cloned 32P-labelled DNA of hepatitis B virus (HBV). In placental DNAs of
      women with the history of a hepatitis B infection and in one out of four cases of
      patients with no known HBV exposure or manifestation, HBV-related chromosomal
      nucleotide sequences were detected. The integration of HBV-related sequences was
      observed also in human kidney DNA. Moreover, in the placenta of women who had
      hepatitis B infection prior to delivery, unusual unintegrated forms of HBV have
      been found. We conclude that HBV sequences can be found not only in hepatic
      tissue but also in placental and kidney DNA, both of HBV-exposed and in one case
      even of a nonexposed patient.

PMID- 4029622
TI  - Decubitus ulcers: treatment through five therapeutic principles.
AB  - Without relief of localized pressure, no healing is possible, and all other
      therapeutic measures are futile. If other factors are mistakenly blamed
      (incontinence, perspiration, malnutrition) attention may be diverted from the
      essential--relief of localized pressure and maintenance of patient mobility.
      Dressings should protect healing ulcers from mechanical damage and external
      bacterial recontamination after removal of pathogens by local disinfection.
      Dressings should be kept moist with Ringer's solution to create conditions that
      promote new granulation.

PMID- 4029623
TI  - Geriatric hypertension controversies (Part I): Initial Tx.
AB  - The assumption that reducing blood pressure with drugs will be harmful or
      intolerable in older patients is not supported by treatment trials that have been
      reported to date. Patients treated nonpharmacologically need to be followed as
      closely as if they were receiving drug treatment.

PMID- 4029624
TI  - Diagnosing a common kidney infection of the elderly inpatient.
AB  - Initial antibiotic therapy should be based on Gram's stained urine. For the
      elderly patient with acute symptomatic bacterial pyelonephritis caused by gram
      negative aerobic bacilli, an aminoglycoside is recommended, eg, gentamicin,
      tobramycin, or amikacin. Pathologic pyuria (greater than 10 WBC/high-power field)
      supports the clinical impression of acute symptomatic bacterial pyelonephritis.
      However, many factors can spuriously lower the number of bacteria in the urine:
      prior diuresis or antimicrobials; obstruction distal to the site of infection;
      and infection not directly accessible to the collecting system.

PMID- 4029625
TI  - Will hospitals "take away" your geriatric patients?

PMID- 4029626
TI  - The ring of Soemmerring in the rabbit: A scanning electron microscopic study.
AB  - The scanning ultrastructure of the remnants of the lens left in the eye after
      extracapsular lens extraction was investigated in the rabbit. Extracapsular lens
      extraction was performed in 25 eyes and the development of after-cataract
      followed by biomicroscopic examination. After survival times varying between 1
      week and 12 months, the eyes were enucleated and the rings of Soemmerring treated
      for light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy.
      Soemmerring's ring consisted of the fused remnants of the dissected anterior and
      posterior lens capsule, enclosing the equatorial part of the former lens, left
      behind after the operation. The anterior capsule and, to a lesser extent, also
      the posterior capsule were multilayered and appeared to be thickened. While the
      remnant of the anterior capsule was lined by a monolayer of epithelial cells, the
      posterior part of the capsule was only partly lined by irregularly arranged
      epithelial cells. All epithelial cells were highly vacuolized. In transection the
      interior part of the ring consisted of normal fibers, irregularly oriented and
      irregularly shaped fibers, degenerated fibers, and globular amorphous masses.
      Many of the normal fibers contained cell nuclei. At the equator and at the
      posterior side of the fusing anterior and posterior capsule as well, the fiber
      organization resembled the lens bow region of normal lenses. Frequently, islands
      of epithelial cells were observed in the center of the ring. The vitreal face of
      the posterior capsule in the center of the ring (in the optic axis of the eye)
      seemed to be unchanged and on its pupillary surface, fibers of different size as
      well as fibroblastlike cells were found. However, clear-cut Elschnig's pearls
      were absent. Our results are compared with the observations summarized in the
      literature. It can be concluded that the epithelial cells in Soemmerring's ring
      retain their capacity for division and differentiation. The newly formed fibers
      seem to be pushed to the center of the ring and to degenerate.

PMID- 4029627
TI  - Microproliferations in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and their relationship
      to the vitreous: corresponding light and electron microscopic studies.
AB  - Using a special embedding method, autopsied eyes with proliferative diabetic
      retinopathy were studied. In areas with no posterior vitreous detachment, small
      proliferations may arise multifocally and grow within the vitreous cortex. The
      fibrous material of the vitreous cortex is densely interconnected with and
      obviously incorporated into the newly formed proliferated tissue, a process which
      causes coarse traction lines on the vitreous cortex lamellae. The clinical
      consequences of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 4029628
TI  - Endothelial cell repopulation after intracameral acetic acid irrigation.
AB  - A significant, but transient corneal edema followed inadvertent intracameral
      irrigation of acetic acid in two patients. Since postsurgical corneal edema
      generally indicates corneal endothelial dysfunction, the effects of acetic acid
      on corneal endothelium were studied in the cat where the endothelial regenerative
      capacity is thought to be comparable to that of humans. The anterior chambers of
      feline eyes were irrigated with 0.25% acetic acid or balanced salt solution in a
      double-masked manner. Marked corneal opacification and thickening were evident
      following exposure to the acetic acid but did not occur following irrigation with
      balanced salt solution alone. Following intracameral acetic acid irrigation, a
      few endothelial cells were found in the anterior chamber angle but could not be
      found on Descemet's membrane. Over an 8-week period gradual repopulation of
      Descemet's membrane by endothelial cells occurred, first in the periphery and
      later in the central cornea, coincident with resolution of corneal edema.

PMID- 4029629
TI  - Collagen metabolism during the healing process of the cauterized rat cornea. An
      experimental study.
AB  - Attempts were made (1) to develop an appropriate method for producing
      standardizable and reproducible experimental opacities of the cornea of rats and
      (2) to study quantitatively the course and intensity of the healing process of
      these corneal wounds. The right cornea of rats was cauterized by drops of 1.5 N
      HC1 over 30 s; the left one served as a control. The spontaneous course of wound
      healing, as well as the possible effect on this process of spray treatment with
      iodine brine or, for comparative purposes, with isotonic NaCl, was studied for 10
      consecutive days by measuring the 24-h incorporation of 14C-labelled proline as a
      measure of de novo collagen synthesis. Spray treatment (1) abolishes the
      transient inhibition of proline incorporation observed in the unsprayed cornea on
      the first day after injury and (2) significantly advances the maximum collagen
      synthesis rate from day 3-4 to day 2 after the wound occurred. The position and
      magnitude of the 14C-proline incorporation peak are considered to be useful
      parameters for estimating corneal wound healing activity and its alteration by
      various agents. However, in this experimental design, it could not be proved that
      iodine has a specific effect.

PMID- 4029630
TI  - Measurement of flow-physiologic parameters of retinal blood circulation in type 1
      and 2 diabetics before and after photocoagulation.
AB  - In seven diabetics of type 1 and seven of type 2, the flow physiologic magnitudes
      were measured in a retinal quadrant before and after photocoagulation. The
      segmental blood flow, the arterial flow velocity, and the diameters of artery and
      vein are smaller after photocoagulation than before. Investigations into the time
      course of the flow-physiologic parameters following photocoagulation show that
      the flow-physiologic values are stationary about 2 weeks after photocoagulation.

PMID- 4029631
TI  - [Microbial contamination of seaside recreation areas and detection of risk
      factors for infectious diseases].

PMID- 4029632
TI  - [Probability in the evaluation of the reliability of bactericidal effects].

PMID- 4029633
TI  - [Psychophysiological criteria of the occupational suitability of adolescents for
      gas-arc welding].

PMID- 4029634
TI  - [Physiological and hygienic evaluation of facilities for physical training in
      children's preschool institutions].

PMID- 4029635
TI  - [Analysis of the time of death of animals with malignant neoplasms and various
      non-neoplastic forms of the late sequelae of external and internal irradiation].

PMID- 4029636
TI  - [Beryllium in the external environment and in the human body].

PMID- 4029637
TI  - [Toxicokinetics and metabolism of hexamethyldisilazane].

PMID- 4029638
TI  - [Metabolic indicators in professional technical school students in relation to
      nutrition].

PMID- 4029639
TI  - [Hygienic classification of carcinogenic substances and the potentials for its
      use in preventing carcinogenic exposures].

PMID- 4029640
TI  - [Results and prospects of the hygienic standardization of the industrial
      microclimate].

PMID- 4029641
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of an information model of noise].

PMID- 4029642
TI  - [Function of the central and peripheral nervous systems in exposure to
      transportation noise of varying intensity].

PMID- 4029643
TI  - [Classification of the hazards of the products from the thermal destruction of
      non-metal materials].

PMID- 4029644
TI  - [Detoxication of dinitrophenol pesticides].

PMID- 4029645
TI  - [Experience in researching the total impact of environmental factors on the
      health of children].

PMID- 4029646
TI  - [Arterial pressure and autonomic regulation of the heart in students during
      academic activities].

PMID- 4029647
TI  - [Evaluation of the performance reliability of power unit operators by
      physiological functions].

PMID- 4029648
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of dicyclopentadiene in the air].

PMID- 4029649
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of styrene in the air in the form of its
      dibromine derivative].

PMID- 4029650
TI  - [Rapid method for determining the median lethal doses of chemical substances].

PMID- 4029651
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of organic solvents in the air].

PMID- 4029652
TI  - [Possibility for the quantitative assessment of human health].

PMID- 4029653
TI  - [Hygienic prediction of the toxic substance content in the air indoors].

PMID- 4029654
TI  - [Further comment on the publication No. 26 of the International Committee on
      Radiation Protection].

PMID- 4029655
TI  - [Organizational aspects of nutrition of schoolchildren].

PMID- 4029656
TI  - [Hygienic standards for the microclimate of manufacturing enterprises with an
      elevated heat release].

PMID- 4029657
TI  - [Experience and outlook of research on chemical carcinogens in the environment].

PMID- 4029658
TI  - [Content of nitroso compounds in fish from the central Ob River region].

PMID- 4029659
TI  - [Survival of pathogenic Escherichia in the soil].

PMID- 4029660
TI  - [Role of ice cream in cones in the epidemiology of enterobiasis].

PMID- 4029661
TI  - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of nitric oxide in the
      air of a work area].

PMID- 4029662
TI  - [Comparative sensitivity of microorganisms to monochloramine B].

PMID- 4029663
TI  - [Toxicological and hygienic characteristics of ortho- and para-anisidines].

PMID- 4029664
TI  - [Hygienic establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of ortho
      phenylenediamine and methylcyancarbamate dimer in the water of reservoirs].

PMID- 4029665
TI  - [Aerobic microflora of freshly caught and frozen food fish].

PMID- 4029666
TI  - [Hygienic aspects in shaping the choice of job by school pupils].

PMID- 4029667
TI  - [Metabolic characteristics of 99Mo in the blood].

PMID- 4029668
TI  - [Information from the Soviet Toxicology Center].

PMID- 4029669
TI  - Agency-family collaboration.

PMID- 4029670
TI  - Group psychotherapy with family caregivers of demented patients.

PMID- 4029671
TI  - The feminization of poverty and older women.

PMID- 4029672
TI  - There was nothing else to do: needs for care before nursing home admission.

PMID- 4029674
TI  - Nursing home friendships.

PMID- 4029673
TI  - Identification and ranking of stressors in nursing home administration.

PMID- 4029675
TI  - The natural history of nursing home patients.

PMID- 4029676
TI  - The social readjustment value of becoming a nursing home resident.

PMID- 4029677
TI  - Autonomy, power, and decision-making in thirty-six retirement communities.

PMID- 4029679
TI  - Grassroots advocacy for the elderly in small rural communities.

PMID- 4029678
TI  - Work, retirement, and well-being among unmarried men and women.

PMID- 4029680
TI  - [The psychological profile of the sterile couple and recommendations for its
      management].

PMID- 4029681
TI  - [Isosexual precocious puberty caused by a bilateral follicular cyst].

PMID- 4029682
TI  - [Fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products in the toxemic patient].

PMID- 4029683
TI  - [Risk factors in the grand multipara].

PMID- 4029684
TI  - [Risk factors in maternal death in hypertensive disease of pregnancy].

PMID- 4029685
TI  - [Maternal mortality in the city of Villahermosa, Tabasco].

PMID- 4029686
TI  - [Industrial hygiene problems in the mechanization of manufacturing].

PMID- 4029687
TI  - [Determination of the effect of working conditions and the nature of the job on
      morbidity with temporary unfitness for work].

PMID- 4029688
TI  - [Contact ultrasound and its hygienic importance as a factor of the industrial
      environment].

PMID- 4029689
TI  - [Working conditions and the health status of glaziers in the construction
      industry].

PMID- 4029690
TI  - [Assessment of the actual exposure of workers in contact with acrylonitrile].

PMID- 4029691
TI  - [Characteristics of the toxic action of methacrylonitrile].

PMID- 4029692
TI  - [Role of the industrial hygiene physician in the activities of a medical
      engineering team].

PMID- 4029693
TI  - [Prevention of the cumulative manifestations of fatigue in sailors during
      prolonged cruises by means of electrosleep].

PMID- 4029694
TI  - [Criteria of the adaptive reactions in workers manufacturing alkaline storage
      batteries].

PMID- 4029695
TI  - [Experience in using low doses of ascorbic acid for reducing the morbidity of
      engine teams of the Moscow subway].

PMID- 4029696
TI  - [Prospects for the sanitary improvement of the working conditions for wheel
      excavator operators at the Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Power Complex].

PMID- 4029697
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of trace amounts of NGZh-4 in the air of a
      work area].

PMID- 4029698
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of isovaleraldehyde in the air of a work
      area].

PMID- 4029699
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and benzyl
      acetate in the air].

PMID- 4029700
TI  - [A chamber for animal exposure to aerosols].

PMID- 4029701
TI  - [Methodologic aspects of environmental protection].

PMID- 4029702
TI  - [Health standards for electromagnetic fields: present status and outlook].

PMID- 4029703
TI  - [Chromatographic method of determining the content of liquid gas constituents in
      the air of industrial establishments].

PMID- 4029704
TI  - [Health status and problems of rehabilitation treatment of miners in the Baikal
      Amur Railway region].

PMID- 4029705
TI  - [Methods of quantitative assessment of the entry of toxic substances into the
      body of workers by inhalation (using lead compounds as an example)].

PMID- 4029706
TI  - [Physiologic health regulation of the labor of workers engaged in the maintenance
      of metallurgical furnaces and assemblies].

PMID- 4029707
TI  - [Clinico-hygienic basis for improving the working and living conditions of
      geologists-geophysicists].

PMID- 4029708
TI  - [Use of the toxicokinetic characteristics of styrene for the evaluation of its
      toxicity and health hazard].

PMID- 4029709
TI  - [Use of the micronucleus test as a rapid method of detecting the potential
      carcinogenicity of asbestos-containing and other mineral fibers].

PMID- 4029710
TI  - [Effect of personality traits of workers on the degree of their adaptation to a
      work situation involving conveyer production].

PMID- 4029711
TI  - [Functional state of man during monotonous activity with varying physical loads].

PMID- 4029712
TI  - [State of the hemolymph circulatory bed of the conjunctiva as affected by
      infrasound].

PMID- 4029713
TI  - [Basis for the sanitary standard for ricid-II in the air of the working place].

PMID- 4029714
TI  - [Quantitative assessment of the severity of damage caused by local vibration].

PMID- 4029715
TI  - Diet and drinking habits in relation to the development of alcoholic
      pancreatitis.
AB  - To determine whether increased intakes of fat and protein or particular drinking
      habits are associated with the development of alcoholic pancreatitis, a dietary
      study has been conducted. Patients with clinically evident alcoholic pancreatitis
      were compared with individuals with clinically evident alcoholic cirrhosis with
      respect to dietary and drinking habits before the onset of clinical illness.
      There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding intake of
      nutrients, drinking habits or type of alcoholic beverage consumed.

PMID- 4029716
TI  - Impaired lipid clearance in patients with previous acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Fasting serum triglycerides were measured in 52 patients who had sustained an
      attack of pancreatitis (gall stone related 33, alcoholism six) at least six
      months earlier. Several patients (23%) had raised fasting serum triglycerides,
      with a type IV phenotype in all but one patient. The 40 patients with normal
      fasting serum triglycerides received an oral load of 100 g sunflower oil to
      compare their clearance of dietary triglycerides with that of a control group of
      54 subjects. The clearance of ingested triglycerides was significantly impaired
      in the patients - irrespective of the presumed aetiological factor, or clinical
      condition associated with pancreatitis - compared with the clearance in controls.
      A triglyceride tolerance test is the only way to detect those patients in whom a
      future attack of pancreatitis may be precipitated by a diet rich in fat, or
      endogenous over production of triglycerides as after an alcoholic debauch.

PMID- 4029717
TI  - Intravenous omeprazole rapidly raises intragastric pH.
AB  - Twenty four hour intragastric acidity was measured in five duodenal ulcer
      patients studied at least three times. The effects of different dosage regimens
      of intravenous omeprazole was compared with placebo. Mean intragastric acidity
      from 1000 to 0800 was 34.3 +/- 4.3 mmol/l on placebo. After omeprazole 80 mg at
      0900 and 40 mg at 1700 mean acidity was 2.1 +/- 0.9 mmol/l and after omeprazole
      80 mg at 0900 and 80 mg at 1700 it was 0.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/l. pH remained above 4.0
      for about 80% of recordings with these regimens and for only 5% with placebo.
      Three of the five patients also received omeprazole 80 mg at 0900, 40 mg at 1700
      and 40 mg at 0100 when pH remained above 4.0 for 90% of recordings with 99%
      inhibition of acidity. Omeprazole rapidly raised intragastric pH in all patients
      and maintained a gastric pH of greater than 4.0 for most of the time. Large doses
      of IV omeprazole were required compared with studies using the oral compound.

PMID- 4029718
TI  - Influence of protein composition and hydrolysis method on intestinal absorption
      of protein in man.
AB  - An intestinal perfusion technique has been used in normal human subjects to
      investigate the influence that starter protein composition and hydrolysis
      procedure have on absorption of amino acid residues from partial enzymic
      hydrolysates of whole protein. Five starter proteins were studied. Three (egg
      albumin, casein/soy/lactalbumin, and lactalbumin) were hydrolysed by papain, a
      second lactalbumin starter protein, and a meat/soy/lactalbumin blend were
      hydrolysed by a porcine pancreatic enzyme system. Irrespective of starter protein
      composition or hydrolysis method used, four amino acid residues (threonine,
      glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and histidine) were absorbed significantly faster
      from all hydrolysates compared with absorption from their equivalent free amino
      acid mixtures. In contrast, both starter protein composition and hydrolysis
      method influenced absorption characteristics of up to nine other amino acid
      residues.

PMID- 4029719
TI  - Gastric acid secretion and gastrin production in the short bowel syndrome.
AB  - Excess gastric acid secretion and gastrin production may occur in patients with
      the short bowel syndrome but the two measurements have never been made
      simultaneously in man in response to a food stimulus. Using the technique of
      intragastric titration, this was carried out in eight patients after extensive
      small bowel resection resulting mainly from vascular occlusion and in eight
      matched normal control subjects. Basal acid output and peak acid output in
      response to pentagastrin was also measured separately. Although peak and
      integrated serum gastrin concentrations were significantly greater in patients
      (450 +/- SE 109 pg/ml; 113 +/- 2.9X10(-3) pg/ml/min) compared with control
      subjects (174 +/- 98 pg/ml; 6.1 +/- 2.0X10(-3) pg/ml/min p less than 0.05), no
      concomitant increase in acid secretion was shown either during intragastric
      titration or in response to pentagastrin. These findings indicate that there is
      no rationale for treating these patients with long term anti-ulcer therapy.

PMID- 4029720
TI  - Campylobacter colitis: histological immunohistochemical and ultrastructural
      findings.
AB  - The colonic biopsy specimens of 22 patients with colitis and positive stool
      cultures for Campylobacter jejuni were studied in order to obtain histological
      and immunohistochemical criteria to differentiate Campylobacter colitis from
      chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In addition we tried to identify
      Campylobacter inclusions by means of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy
      as evidence for invasion of the colonic mucosa. The results show that the
      majority of patients with Campylobacter colitis have the histological picture of
      acute infectious colitis with increased numbers of IgA and IgM containing plasma
      cells in the colonic mucosa in contrast with patients with active chronic
      inflammatory bowel disease who show increases of IgA and IgG (ulcerative colitis)
      or IgA-, IgM and IgG containing plasma cells (M Crohn) in their colonic biopsies.
      The results of immunohistochemical stainings with Campylobacter antiserum show
      invasion of Campylobacter in the colonic mucosa. These findings were confirmed
      ultrastructurally.

PMID- 4029721
TI  - 111Indium autologous granulocytes in the detection of inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Indium leucocyte scanning and measurement of faecal Indium leucocyte excretion
      are techniques which have recently been introduced for assessing patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease. The methodology has recently been made more specific
      for acute inflammation by labelling pure granulocytes rather than the mixed
      leucocyte preparation. To determine the accuracy of this modified technique in
      detecting inflammatory bowel disease, we have prospectively compared Indium
      granulocyte scanning and faecal In granulocyte excretion with rectal histology
      and contrast bowel radiology as screening procedures in 100 patients with
      suspected inflammatory bowel disease. Thirty three patients were shown to have
      inflammatory bowel disease - 24 with Crohn's disease and nine with ulcerative
      colitis or indeterminate colitis. Overall the respective sensitivities for
      detecting inflammatory bowel disease were 97% for faecal Indium granulocyte
      excretion, 94% for Indium granulocyte scanning, 79% for radiology and 70% for
      rectal histology. The superiority of In granulocytes over radiology and rectal
      histology in detecting inflammatory bowel disease was, in the main, due to the
      difficulty in diagnosing Crohn's with conventional techniques. Although three of
      the patients with ulcerative colitis and indeterminate colitis had normal
      sigmoidoscopic appearances - all had abnormal rectal histology. No patient with a
      non-inflammatory bowel disorder had a positive In granulocyte scan or a raised
      faecal excretion. These results show that investigations using In granulocytes
      are accurate in identifying inflammatory bowel disease and offer important
      advantages over conventional procedures for detecting Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4029722
TI  - Drug therapy and perforated peptic ulcer.

PMID- 4029723
TI  - Modern trends in human leukemia VI. New results in clinical and biological
      research including pediatric oncology.

PMID- 4029724
TI  - Red cell transfusions for polytransfused patients.

PMID- 4029725
TI  - Empiric antimicrobial therapy in cancer patients.

PMID- 4029726
TI  - Prophylaxis of infection in granulocytopenic patients.

PMID- 4029727
TI  - Single donor platelet transfusion.

PMID- 4029728
TI  - Antiemetics in cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 4029729
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities in malignant lymphoma: biologic and clinical
      correlations.

PMID- 4029730
TI  - Discrimination of leukemias, lymphomas, and non-neoplastic controls by retroviral
      serum markers.

PMID- 4029731
TI  - Cellular oncogenes as the ancestors of endocrine and paracrine growth factors and
      their evolutionary relic status in vertebrates.
AB  - Contrary to the popularly held view, genes that have lost their usefulness to the
      host organism may continue to encode proteins for 50 million years or longer.
      Accordingly, precisely regulated expression of genes can not be taken as proof of
      their indispensability. My view is that multitudes of oncogenes of vertebrates
      are evolutionary relics harking back to the days of invertebrate ancestors in
      which embryogenesis was still a cell autonomous process. Parts of certain
      oncogene coding sequences originated from repeats of base oligomers whose numbers
      of bases were not multiples of three. Thus, these segments are still endowed with
      a measure of immortality in that they are impervious to normally very deleterious
      base substitutions, insertions, and deletions.

PMID- 4029732
TI  - The genes that carcinogens act upon.

PMID- 4029733
TI  - Tumors induced in hairless mice by DNA from human malignant cells.

PMID- 4029734
TI  - Normal regulators of growth and differentiation and the reversal of malignancy in
      leukemia.

PMID- 4029735
TI  - Self-renewal of haemopoietic stem cells: the roles of the environment, of growth
      factors and of the src oncogene.

PMID- 4029736
TI  - Proliferation in vivo and in vitro of haemopoietic progenitor cells induced by AF
      1, a new ras-containing retrovirus.

PMID- 4029737
TI  - Evidence of Sternberg-Reed cells being derived from activated lymphocytes.

PMID- 4029738
TI  - Lymphocyte and lymphoma receptors utilized in differentiation, in homing, and in
      lymphomagenesis.

PMID- 4029739
TI  - Influence of colchicine and cytochalasin B on pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and
      antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

PMID- 4029740
TI  - In vivo studies with covalent conjugates of cobra venom factor and monoclonal
      antibodies to human tumors.

PMID- 4029741
TI  - Mechanisms of drug resistance in human leukemia.

PMID- 4029742
TI  - [In vitro fertilization in reduced male fertility].

PMID- 4029743
TI  - [Therapeutic guidelines for gynecologic-andrologic consultation].

PMID- 4029744
TI  - [Therapeutic course with childless couples with special reference to the
      interrelation among 4 persons in gynecologic-andrologic consultations].

PMID- 4029745
TI  - [Introduction to the gynecologic-andrologic consultation].

PMID- 4029746
TI  - [New results in the morphologic diagnosis of spermatogenesis disorders].

PMID- 4029747
TI  - [Microsurgical fertility operations in the male].

PMID- 4029748
TI  - [Spermatozoa-cervical mucus interaction: diagnosis and significance].

PMID- 4029749
TI  - [Capacitation and oocyte penetration of spermatozoa].

PMID- 4029750
TI  - Follow-up of growth-retarded children born by elective cesarean section before 33
      weeks.
AB  - 25 singleton pregnancies were terminated by cesarean section between 28 and 33
      weeks of gestation because of suspected growth retardation and abnormal
      unstressed cardiotocograms. Only infants with birth weights below the tenth
      centile were considered. 17 survived and were neurologically examined at 2.5-7
      years of age. 2 were neurologically abnormal (1 had an adrenogenital syndrome)
      and 1 showed minor neurological dysfunction. Cesarean section appears acceptable
      in the management of intrauterine growth retardation with fetal distress in the
      early third trimester.

PMID- 4029752
TI  - Arginine vasopressin in amniotic fluid, arterial and venous cord plasma and
      maternal venous plasma.
AB  - High concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in arterial umbilical cord
      blood at the time of delivery have been attributed to either a generalized
      increase in the activity of the fetal endocrine system at the onset of labor or
      to fetal asphyxia. We measured AVP in amniotic fluid, arterial and venous cord
      blood and in maternal venous blood from 13 patients at 38-40 weeks of gestation
      at the time of elective cesarean section with a nonasphyxic fetus (group I), in
      amniotic fluid from 19 patients at 15-17 weeks of gestation (group II) and in
      venous blood from 13 nonpregnant control subjects (group III). Our results showed
      a high concentration of AVP in the amniotic fluid both in the middle and at the
      end of normal pregnancy and at the same level as in arterial cord blood, whereas
      AVP in the venous cord blood was significantly lower and at the same level as in
      the maternal venous blood and in the control group. It is concluded that the
      fetus produces AVP and this is at least not solely caused by fetal asphyxia or
      related to parturition.

PMID- 4029751
TI  - Some new aspects on emesis gravidarum. Relations to clinical data, serum
      electrolytes, total protein and creatinine.
AB  - Although nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy is extremely common, very little
      information on the cause and course of this disorder is available in the
      literature. A prospective laboratory and clinical study of 102 consecutive
      healthy pregnant women was undertaken to evaluate nausea and vomiting in relation
      to clinical data, serum electrolytes, creatinine, total protein and hemoglobin.
      Multigravidae suffered from emesis gravidarum at a higher rate than did
      primigravidae. The frequency of emesis was especially high in women with short
      intergestational intervals. During pregnancy there was a decline in systolic
      blood pressure only in non-emetic women. The diastolic blood pressure in late
      pregnancy was significantly higher in emetic women than in non-emetic subjects.
      All laboratory values were within normal ranges. However, major changes occurred
      during pregnancy but some alterations were noted only in the emetic pregnancy. A
      different response to the hormonal situation is suggested to explain the
      dissimilarities between the emetic and non-emetic pregnancy.

PMID- 4029753
TI  - Lipid and lipoprotein levels following pure estradiol implantation in post
      menopausal women.
AB  - 8 post-menopausal, post-oophrectomy and hysterectomy women had a 100-mg pure 17
      beta-estradiol pellet installed in their subcutaneous abdominal tissue. The
      pellet caused a marked systemic hormonal effect in these patients causing an up
      to 30-fold increase in plasma estradiol and a marked decrease in follicle
      stimulating hormone levels. It showed a significant increase in plasma high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL to total cholesterol ratio levels, no change in
      plasma triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein levels and some decrease in
      total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. These
      results differ from the previously reported influence of synthetic hormonal
      preparations on the same plasma lipids and lipoproteins.

PMID- 4029754
TI  - Chromatographic techniques for the separation of a thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating
      factor from aplastic rats.
AB  - Thrombocytopoietin seems to be only partially responsible for the regulation of
      platelet production. We determined precisely the differences between a second
      thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF2), and thrombocytopoietin (TSF1) and
      erythropoietin (Epo). Fractionation was carried out, first on a DEAE-cellulose
      phosphate column and then on a Sephadex G-75 column. Thrombocytopoietic activity
      in the various fractions was assessed using 75Se-methionine platelet
      incorporation into normal recipients. Epo concentrations were determined using a
      radioimmunoassay. We showed that the apparent molecular weight of TSF2 is 14,000
      daltons. It differs from TSF1 (48,000 daltons) and from Epo (39,000 daltons). For
      doses of 8-12 mU Epo/rat, found in whole serum injected, no effect on
      thrombocytopoiesis was found. On the contrary, a significant effect (p less than
      0.01) was found when the same quantities of Epo present in the Sephadex G-75 F4'
      fraction were injected (2-10 mU/rat). TSF2 can be separated from TSF1 and Epo,
      using biochemical techniques.

PMID- 4029755
TI  - Kinetics of urokinase-induced thrombolysis in a biphasic in vitro system.
AB  - The role and effect of added lys-plasminogen (lys-PLG) on urokinase-induced
      thrombolysis in an in vitro biphasic system were investigated. The kinetics of
      lysis of whole blood thrombi was followed in perfusion mediums of normal plasma,
      PLG-deficient plasma and normal saline using a high and a low concentration of
      urokinase (UK). The lysis of standard whole blood thrombi in whole blood
      perfusion mediums to which had been added UK alone or UK plus lys-PLG was
      compared to whole blood thrombi enriched with lys-PLG by incorporation during
      thrombus formation or by adsorption during perfusion. In addition, the kinetics
      of lysis of PLG-deficient fibrin thrombi perfused in PLG-deficient plasma or
      normal saline was studied when lys-PLG had been added to the thrombus, to the
      perfusion medium or to both thrombus and medium. In PLG-deficient plasma from
      which plasmin inhibitors had not been removed, thrombolysis was minimal even at a
      high concentration of UK. This effect could be neutralized, and to some extent,
      regulated, by lys-PLG enrichment of the medium. Both PLG-incorporated and PLG
      adsorbed whole blood thrombi gave initial and sustained acceleration of UK
      induced lysis in comparison with standard nontreated thrombi. It is concluded
      that in a blood-thrombus biphasic thrombolytic system induced by UK, there is
      interaction between the phases, and that PLG in both phases influences
      thrombolysis.

PMID- 4029756
TI  - Correlation between hepatic blood flow and coagulation indices in chronic active
      hepatitis and liver cirrhosis patients.
AB  - Hepatic blood flow (HBF) has been reported to reflect liver cell mass. HBF was
      studied in 21 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and in 20 patients
      with liver cirrhosis (LC). It was correlated with such indices of liver protein
      synthesis as serum albumin, Normotest, plasma activity of antithrombin III,
      prekallikrein, alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasminogen. No correlation between HBF
      and the examined parameters was seen in CAH. HBF correlated with all the indices
      of liver protein synthesis in LC, thus suggesting that serum albumin,
      antithrombin III, Normotest, prekallikrein, plasminogen, and alpha 2-antiplasmin
      could reflect the residual liver cell mass in LC.

PMID- 4029757
TI  - Combined dys-form of homozygous factor XI deficiency and heterozygous factor XII
      deficiency.
AB  - A 12-year-old girl with lifelong hemorrhagic episodes was found to have both a
      dys-form of homozygous factor XI deficiency and heterozygous factor XII
      deficiency. The heredity of the coagulation defects was confirmed by family
      studies. Severe bleeding after dental surgery occurred in spite of replacement
      therapy and local measures including fibrin glue. Our findings suggest that the
      risk of bleeding in patients with homozygous factor XI deficiency must not be
      underestimated and that the most effective measure is the transfusion of
      sufficient amounts of fresh frozen plasma until at least the 5th postoperative
      day.

PMID- 4029758
TI  - Bone marrow patterns in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia related to various clinical
      and haematological findings. A preliminary report.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 55 CLL cases subjected to bone-marrow biopsy, the
      histological pattern of the bone-marrow was correlated to the clinical and
      haematological data. Instead of the four histological patterns described by
      Rozman et al., five patterns have been established. The clinical staging
      according to the Montserrat score, compared with the bone-marrow pattern, showed
      a good correlation, when maintenance or replacement of normal haematopoiesis was
      considered. The bone-marrow pattern with maintained haematopoiesis was predicting
      a favourable clinical correlation; those with replaced haematopoiesis
      corresponded to a poor prognosis. The correlation is a useful index of severity
      and prognosis of CLL.

PMID- 4029759
TI  - The heparin binding proteins of sarcoma induced by methylcholantrene in rats.
AB  - The proteins binding and neutralizing the heparin of sarcoma induced by
      methylcholantrene are basic proteins. They are a mixture of at least three
      different proteins, possessing cathodic mobility in polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of pH 2.7 and having a low molecular weight.

PMID- 4029760
TI  - Electrochromatographic analysis of abnormal serum proteins.
AB  - An electrochromatographic method for the analysis of sera is described with
      particular design to studies of abnormal proteins. The method allows a
      simultaneous but independent evaluation of molecular weight and charge related
      migration of proteins. A modification which may improve the analysis of
      immunoglobulins by increasing their electrophoretic mobility is described.

PMID- 4029761
TI  - [Thoracic outlet syndrome and its significance for surgery of the hand (on the
      etiology and pathogenesis of epicondylitis, tendovaginitis, median nerve
      compression and trophic disorders of the hand)].
AB  - At present, the term "thoracic outlet syndrome" (TOS) is used as a term to
      include all factors compressing the nerves and vessels situated in the outlet of
      the thorax and the costo-clavicular area. It is marked by neurological and
      vascular disorders; their manifestation can be either spontaneous or
      posttraumatic. In case of surgical treatment the transaxillary approach
      (according to Roos) proved to be the best, and is indicated in therapy-resistant
      TOS, in certain cases of arterial complications and in outlet obstructions of the
      subclavian vein. Complete resection of the first rib and the most careful removal
      of all fibro-muscular structures affecting the artery, vein and brachial plexus
      are of importance to the result of the operation. In the evaluation of cases we
      found surprising success with cases of lateral epicondylitis. Thus, the nerve
      irritation asserted as a cause in 1962 is once more confirmed. The postoperative
      development of 38 median nerve compressions proved to be particularly
      astonishing. Twenty-five of those vanished without any need for additional
      measures, and in eight cases definite improvement was achieved. Another important
      fact was observed when five median nerve compressions, previously operated upon,
      disappeared only after a secondary TOS-operation. These observations led to a new
      pathogenetic concept of median nerve compression. Apart from the common causes,
      the primary predisposing factor for median nerve compression is a chronic oedema
      due to a functional blockage of the subclavian vein, clinically and
      radiologically substantiated. This oedema eventually leads to a carpal tunnel
      syndrome, either directly on account of swelling of fibrous structures or via
      metabolic disorders and oxygen deficiency, thereby causing an infiltrative and
      proliferative reaction. In this connection, it seems interesting that the results
      of recent pathohistological researches suggest that the chronic oedema is the
      greater pathogenetic factor. The improvement of painful tendovaginitis and
      different disturbances in wound healing after surgical treatment of the TOS shows
      the importance of subclavian vein compressions. Phlebographic examination of
      patients who suffer from Sudeck's atrophy demonstrates significant narrowing of
      the subclavian vein. The increasing pressure in the subfascial space and the
      irritation of the lower cervical plexus and the subclavian artery can promote
      Sudeck's atrophy.

PMID- 4029762
TI  - [Carpal instabilities].
AB  - The ligaments of the wrist and the bony configuration--beside muscles and tendons
      -are responsible for stability in the wrist joint, which is impaired in certain
      pathological conditions: unstable fractures of the scaphoid, scapholunate
      dissociations, perilunate fracture-dislocations, malunited Colles' fractures,
      Kienbocks disease, rheumatoid arthritis and posttraumatic laxity of ligaments.
      The differentiation between dorsal and palmar instability is made by radiological
      examination and measuring of the scapholunate, capitolunate and radiolunate
      angles. The understanding of normal anatomy and (post-)traumatic conditions is
      facilitated by the concept of dynamic action of the ligaments and the bones of
      the wrist as articular and extraarticular slings.

PMID- 4029763
TI  - [Scapholunate dissociation].
AB  - Scapholunate dissociation is a rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid with widening
      of the gap between the scaphoid and lunate. It is caused by rupture of the
      ligaments between radius, scaphoid, lunate and capitate bones. The scaphoid has
      lost its stabilizing function as a bridge between the proximal and distal carpal
      row, so that the wrist shows the typical "concertina" deformity of dorsal
      instability. The scapholunate angle measures about 100 degrees (more than 70
      degrees). The subluxation of the scaphoid and lunate with the wide gap between
      these bones is best treated by primary repair of the ruptured ligaments. However,
      most cases are seen late and a ligament reconstruction by a free or pedicled
      tendon graft becomes necessary. The results are often unsatisfactory
      radiologically, but cause the patient minimal disability. An alternative to the
      ligament reconstruction is the scapho-trapezio-trapezoid arthrodesis. By this
      procedure the scaphoid regains its stabilizing function to the "link system" of
      the carpus.

PMID- 4029764
TI  - [Dorsal ligament reconstruction in scapholunate dissociation].
AB  - After discussion of the importance of the palmar, dorsal and interosseous
      ligaments in cases of scapholunate subluxation, the radiologic signs of this
      carpal instability are described. Four cases with this instability were treated
      successfully by reconstruction of the dorsal ligaments. In three instances
      ligament reconstruction was performed with the split tendon of the extensor carpi
      radialis brevis passed through drill holes in the scaphoid and lunate similar to
      the method reported by Dobyns.

PMID- 4029765
TI  - [Damage of the wrist. Prosthetic replacement and alternatives].
AB  - Defects in the wrist and carpal bones, caused by trauma or disease, can be
      treated by denervation, resection-arthroplasty, arthrodesis or prosthetic
      replacement. In the last few years the use of the alloplasty has developed slowly
      in the German speaking countries. As in the American Field Clinic, surgeons
      should evaluate all their cases by the same criteria. Wrist: 109 prostheses were
      implanted by six surgeons, 51 Meuli-prostheses, one Gschwend-design and 57
      Swanson-spacers. The spacer seems to be simpler and less complicated. Such
      complications were encountered in 40% of the prostheses, but in only one with the
      spacer. The scaphoid replacement, of which 227 cases are described by ten
      surgeons, is the most widely used in our countries. The main risk is subluxation,
      caused by technical errors or use of an incorrect size of spacer. The
      complication rate varies from seven to fourty percent. The lunate replacement-
      140 cases by twelve surgeons--is less common, probably because of initial
      failures. Correct implantation and size of the spacer are necessary for good
      results. Complication rate varies from 6.4 to 55 percent. A high percentage of
      failures is attributable to lack of operative experience. Koob is the only one
      who has experience with his own design "Essen". A long-term follow-up of sixteen
      cases shows failures in two cases, but an increase of arthrosis.

PMID- 4029766
TI  - [Technic and results of tendon interposition arthroplasty of the lunate and
      scaphoid bones].
AB  - Between 1971 and 1982 tendon interposition arthroplasty in combination with
      denervation of the wrist joint was performed on 55 patients with either
      Kienbock's disease, irreducible lunate dislocations with or without scaphoid
      dislocation, or scaphoid non-union with a small proximal fragment. Follow-up was
      possible on 38 patients (69%). In two third of the cases good and very good
      results are achieved with this operative technique. The significant points were
      the arthrosis in the wrist joint and the complete obliteration with tendon
      material of the cavity left by the extirpated carpal bone. Ulnar styloidectomy
      produced not only a painfree wrist but also better ulnar movement.

PMID- 4029767
TI  - [Proximal radial nerve compression syndrome. Treatment and results].
AB  - Radial palsy after a single brisk contraction of the triceps muscle was first
      described by Gowers in 1892. The cause of such paralyses, which also can be found
      after chronic overexposure, in the course of fracture healing and because of
      inflammation or tumors, has not been explained until 1969. Two mechanisms are of
      importance for pressure effects on the radial nerve; either the nerve can be
      compressed in the hiatus nervi radialis due to swellings or a direct lesion
      occurs. The latter can happen because of a sudden brisk muscle contraction or on
      account of chronic trauma caused by the lateral head of the triceps. Since 1969,
      twenty patients with such radial nerve compressions have received surgical
      treatment and follow-up in our clinic.

PMID- 4029768
TI  - [Indications and results of corrective radius operations].
AB  - Posttraumatic malunion usually results from incorrect treatment of a Colles or
      Smith fracture. Chronic pain, limited motion and impaired power can be avoided
      and the cosmetic appearance of the hand improved, by restoration of the
      functional anatomy of the wrist. The malalignment is corrected by open wedge
      osteotomy of the distal end of the radius. A small iliac cortico-cancellous bone
      graft is inserted at the osteotomy site. By using this technique, it is usually
      possible to avoid additional resection of the distal ulna. The surgical approach
      dorsal or palmar is determined by the type of dislocation. The small T-plate
      offers a stable fixation. The results are illustrated by 41 cases.

PMID- 4029769
TI  - [Septic arthritis of the finger joints. Treatment with immediate arthrodesis].
AB  - A consecutive series of 44 patients with septic arthritis of finger joints is
      presented. The patients were treated with antibiotics, incision, debridement and
      usually drainage. In 13 patients with destruction of the joint cartilage, an
      arthrodesis was made at the time of incision. The failure rate with conventional
      therapy was 42 per cent. The failure rate in the arthrodesis group, which
      represented all the severe cases, was 23 per cent. In septic arthritis of finger
      joints with destruction of the cartilage arthrodesis with Kirschner-wire and
      interosseous wiring is recommended at the time of primary incision.

PMID- 4029770
TI  - [Results of replantation in thumb amputations. New examination methods for
      evaluation of sensation].
AB  - Of 91 thumb amputation injuries which were treated over a five-year period at the
      Department of Traumatology, University School of Surgery Homburg/Saar, 56% could
      be subjected to a critical follow-up evaluation. The evaluation scheme of Millesi
      "Evaluation and Registration of Hand Function" programmed for electronic data
      processing forms the basis for the study. Besides the specified criteria for
      sensitivity testing, a further method for objective testing is presented. The
      principle of this method is point stimulation of pressure and mechanoreceptors
      after eliciting a threshold perceptible vibration stimulus of an 80 Hz sinusoidal
      oscillation the intensity of which can be directly measured as a yardstick for
      the stimulus response. Electronic processing of all results of the patients
      investigated shows that the injured hand can be used to almost 100% in 38%. In 16
      patients (31%), there is a reduction by 5 to 20%. In ten cases (20%), the
      reduction was rated as over 20% compared to a healthy hand and in 11% (six
      patients), the overall result is to be designated as poor with more than 40%
      reduction of use.

PMID- 4029771
TI  - [Post-radiation brain necrosis].

PMID- 4029772
TI  - [Involvement of families in the treatment of combat reaction casualties in the
      lebanese War of 1982].

PMID- 4029773
TI  - [Cardiac tamponade as a presentation of metastatic extracardiac malignancy].

PMID- 4029774
TI  - [Reconstruction of the small joints of the hand by perichondrial arthroplasty].

PMID- 4029775
TI  - [Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in acute traumatic paraplegia].

PMID- 4029776
TI  - [Neonatal sepsis, meningitis and lobar pneumonia due to Streptococcus
      pneumoniae].

PMID- 4029777
TI  - [Osteomyelitis of the vertebrae as the result of urinary infection].

PMID- 4029778
TI  - [Clinical decisions under uncertainty: a proposal for an undergraduate course in
      medicine].

PMID- 4029779
TI  - [Ocular damage in the laser industry].

PMID- 4029780
TI  - [Familial aggregation, heritability and heterogeneity in common diseases].

PMID- 4029781
TI  - [Food allergy].

PMID- 4029782
TI  - [Assessment of fetal movements in the prevention of intrauterine fetal death].

PMID- 4029783
TI  - [Epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome triggering psychotic-psychogenic
      reactions].

PMID- 4029784
TI  - [Neodymium-YAG laser, a non-invasive technique for cutting intraocular tissues].

PMID- 4029785
TI  - [Peritoneal mesotheliomas and exposure to asbestos].

PMID- 4029786
TI  - [Colchicine overdose].

PMID- 4029787
TI  - [Delayed respiratory depression after epidural morphine].

PMID- 4029788
TI  - [Fatal anaphylaxis in systemic mastocytosis].

PMID- 4029789
TI  - [Pernicious anemia masked by B-thalassemia trait in two young Israeli Arabs].

PMID- 4029791
TI  - [Local amyloidosis].

PMID- 4029790
TI  - [Delayed neurotoxicity by organophosphorus compounds].

PMID- 4029792
TI  - [Aminoglycosides].

PMID- 4029793
TI  - [Rectal prolapse in childhood].

PMID- 4029794
TI  - [The eosinophil: a helper or an aberrant cell?].

PMID- 4029795
TI  - [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome--update].

PMID- 4029796
TI  - [Foot blood flow in diabetic neuropathy].

PMID- 4029797
TI  - [Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity].

PMID- 4029798
TI  - Legislating health care coverage for the unemployed.
AB  - Because the unemployed and their families are often likely to develop stress
      related health problems, ensuring them access to health care is a public health
      issue. Congressional efforts thus far to legislate health coverage for the
      unemployed have proposed a system that recognizes people's basic need for
      coverage but has several limitations.

PMID- 4029800
TI  - Protective services teams: the social worker as liaison.
AB  - Multidisciplinary teams are widely used in response to complex problems such as
      child abuse, but they involve areas of potential conflict. Using his experience
      as a public agency liaison to the protective services team of a major children's
      hospital, the author examines how the liaison role combined with social work
      skills can help reduce conflict and enhance the performance of such teams.

PMID- 4029799
TI  - At risk: health needs of Hispanic children.
AB  - Assessing the needs of vulnerable populations and targeting services for them
      requires a thorough examination of the special risks they face. This article
      identifies the psychosocial risks of Hispanic children, emphasizing that
      cultural, psychological, and economic factors interact to jeopardize the health
      and educational development of this rapidly growing segment of the population.

PMID- 4029801
TI  - Chronic pain and marital difficulties.
AB  - Chronic pain in one of the partners in a marriage causes profound changes in the
      marital relationship: roles and communication patterns are transformed, sexual
      relationships deteriorate, and the well partner frequently succumbs to distress
      and illness. In examining these changes, this article highlights the need for
      routine marital and family assessment and a family treatment approach for
      patients and their spouses.

PMID- 4029802
TI  - Discharge planning as a teaching mechanism.
AB  - A framework that organizes content into performance objectives is presented for
      planning field instruction and in-service education. Intended to overcome the
      polarization between concrete services and therapeutic intervention frequently
      seen within the profession, the objectives highlight the social work knowledge
      and skills inherent in discharge planning to encourage learners to appreciate
      this sometimes deprecated but increasingly important function.

PMID- 4029803
TI  - Social work with laryngectomees.
AB  - Laryngeal cancer has a high survival rate, yet the loss of the natural voice and
      a host of physical and psychosocial problems make recovery especially difficult.
      Written according to the outline followed by the articles in Health and Social
      Work's November 1981 Supplement on Specialization and Specialty Interests, this
      article provides a social work perspective on the needs, care, and rehabilitation
      of laryngectomy patients.

PMID- 4029804
TI  - [Changes in the biosynthetic activity of gastric glycoproteins during the healing
      process of acetic acid ulcer in rats].
AB  - Changes in the incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into the macromolecular
      glycoprotein during the healing process of acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in
      rats were sequentially examined in the ulcer region and the intact region at 2,
      10, 40, 80 and 365 days after the operation. 1) The total radioactivity (Tissue +
      Medium) and the radioactivity which remained in the tissue after incubation of
      the ulcer region were increased significantly as compared with those of the
      control at 2 days after the operation (275, 175% of the control, respectively),
      and then total radioactivity returned to the control level. On the other hand,
      the radioactivity in the tissue was gradually decreased, and then it became 50%
      of the control at 365 days. In contrast, the incorporating activity into the
      macromolecular glycoproteins was decreased to 50% of the control at 2 days, and
      was once recovered to the control level at 10 days. After 40 days, it was again
      decreased to 50% of the control and became 30% at 365 days. 2) Changes in the
      incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into the macromolecular glycoproteins of the
      intact region of rats with ulcers were the same as that of the ulcer region. 3)
      Elution profiles of gel filtration of the macromolecular glycoproteins isolated
      from the relapse and recurrence region of rats with ulcers at 365 days were the
      same as that of the healing region, and their radioactivities were decreased to
      30% of the control. The results suggested that such a decrease in the
      biosynthetic activity of the macromolecular glycoproteins extending over the
      whole gastric tissue is one of the reasons for the increased relapse and
      recurrence.

PMID- 4029805
TI  - [Effects of isosorbide 5-mononitrate on cardiovascular function. (I). Effects on
      the left ventricular system].
AB  - Effects of isosorbide 5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) on cardiovascular function were
      compared with those of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), verapamil and propranolol. In
      anesthetized open-chest dogs, intravenous injection of 5-ISMN (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg)
      scarcely decreased cardiac contractile force (CCF) and heart rate (HR). The
      systolic blood pressure (SBP) fell in a dose-dependent manner, and the degree of
      the change was greater than that in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Especially,
      left ventricular pressure (LVP) and left ventricular dp/dt (LVdp/dt) were
      significantly decreased, and a considerable reduction in left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was also observed. Intravenous injection of verapamil
      (0.3 mg/kg) considerably lowered DBP. While HR, CCF, LVP and LVdp/dt were
      markedly decreased, LVEDP showed a moderate increase. Propranolol (0.5 mg/kg,
      i.v.) greatly decreased LVdp/dt together with HR and CCF. Conversely, LVEDP
      showed a slight increase. There was no change in SBP, DBP and LVP. The
      vasodilating potency of 5-ISMN was 150 times smaller than that of ISDN on the
      contractile response in isolated rabbit thoracic aorta. On the other hand, in
      terms of decrease in pulse pressure, the potency exhibited by 5-ISMN was about 4
      times (intravenous administration in anesthetized dogs) or 1.5 times (oral
      administration in conscious dogs) smaller than that of ISDN. The present results
      suggest that 5-ISMN shows a high bioavailability and a potency comparable to
      ISDN, especially in the case of peroral administration. Taking these results
      together with the fact that transient left ventricular failure occurs during
      myocardial ischemia into consideration, it is thought that peroral 5-ISMN
      preparation may be useful in the therapy of angina pectoris.

PMID- 4029806
TI  - [Antiedema effects of basic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are not
      inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis].
AB  - Antiedema effects of basic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that don't
      inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis were investigated with carrageenin-induced
      hind paw edema in rats. Locally administered mepirizole, tiaramide.HCl and
      aminopyrine, the basic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, didn't show any
      suppression against the edema formation. In the case of indomethacin,
      phenylbutazone and ketoprofen, inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis, they
      inhibited the edema formation. Inhibitory effects of orally and subcutaneously
      administered basic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as tiaramide.HCl and
      benzydamine on the edema formation were more potent in fasted rats than in
      nonfasted rats. In the case of acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such
      as indomethacin and ibuprofen, their inhibitory activities were almost the same
      in both the fasted rats and nonfasted rats. These results suggest that the site
      of action of the basic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as tiaramide.HCl
      and mepirizole is not the inflamed site, and certain systemic effects may
      contribute to the anti-edema effects.

PMID- 4029807
TI  - [Experimental nephrotic hyperlipidemia induced in rats by daunorubicin and
      effects of KCD-232[4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl nicotinate] on lipid metabolism].
AB  - Mechanisms for hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia and the effects of
      KCD-232, a new hypolipidemic agent, on them were studied in male Wistar rats with
      daunorubicin (DR)-induced nephrosis. Single intravenous injection of DR dose
      dependently increased urinary protein loss and serum lipid levels (0,3,6 and 12
      mg/kg). Twenty-four days after the injection of DR (6 mg/kg), serum cholesterol
      (Ch) and triglyceride (TG) levels markedly increased and free fatty acid level
      tended to decrease with no effects on liver lipid levels. Hepatic Ch synthesis
      from [14C]acetate in vitro increased by 2.1-fold, while exogenous Ch absorption
      slightly decreased. The clearance of intravenously injected [3H]Ch from the
      circulation was delayed. Hepatic fatty acid (FA) synthesis also increased by 2.7
      fold, and hepatic TG lipase activity tended to decrease. KCD-232 improved the
      hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia of DR-treated rats. The drug
      inhibited the elevated hepatic Ch synthesis and exogenous Ch absorption and thus
      improved the delayed Ch clearance from the circulation. KCD-232 markedly
      inhibited the elevated hepatic FA synthesis and stimulated both hepatic FA
      oxidation and lipoprotein lipase activity from the epididymal adipose tissue of
      the nephrotic rats. These results suggest that 1. DR-induced hypercholesterolemia
      is due to both an increased Ch synthesis in the liver and delayed clearance of Ch
      from the circulation; 2. DR-induced hypertriglyceridemia is caused by both an
      increased hepatic FA synthesis and depressed TG hydrolysis in the circulation; 3.
      KCD-232 improves the hypercholesterolemia by inhibiting the elevated Ch synthesis
      and Ch absorption from the gut; and 4. KCD-232 improves the hypertriglyceridemia
      by inhibiting the elevated hepatic FA synthesis and by stimulating both hepatic
      FA oxidation and TG hydrolysis activity in the circulation.

PMID- 4029808
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies on cetraxate, an anti-ulcer agent].
AB  - Cetraxate hydrochloride was administered either orally or intravenously to
      rabbits, and its concentration in body fluids was determined by using the HPLC
      method. Cetraxate was easily hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract and blood,
      and it was metabolized to p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (PHPA) and a new
      metabolite, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA). After oral administration of cetraxate
      hydrochloride, a large amount of unchanged drug was distributed to the gastric
      wall. PHPA was distributed in all the organs examined, excluding the brain. To
      determine whether or not the anti-ulcer action of cetraxate hydrochloride was due
      to the unchanged drug, PHPA, or tranexamic acid, studies with aspirin and water
      immersion -induced gastric ulcers in rats were performed. As a result, it was
      found that tranexamic acid had an anti-ulcer action similar to that of cetraxate
      hydrochloride.

PMID- 4029809
TI  - [Effect of tritoqualine on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats].
AB  - Effect of tritoqualine (TRQ) on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in
      normal rats and chronically injured rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
      for 12 weeks were investigated by the measurement of serum and liver biochemical
      parameters concerning the hepatic function. The results are as follows: 1) In
      normal rats, the liver regeneration rate after partial hepatectomy was increased
      dose-dependently with the administration of TRQ for 7 days after the operation.
      TRQ improved BSP retention rate which was decreased after partial hepatectomy. In
      addition, protein synthetic activity in the liver microsomes prepared from TRQ
      administered rats was higher than that prepared from control rats, and the
      contents of serum total protein, serum albumin and liver protein were also higher
      in TRQ-administered rats. 2) In the rats treated with CCl4 for 12 weeks, the
      liver regeneration rate after partial hepatectomy was increased dose-dependently
      with the administration of TRQ for 6 days. TRQ also improved the contents of
      serum total protein, serum albumin and liver protein. Though the amount of
      collagen in the liver chronically injured by CCl4 increased more than twice
      compared with that in the normal liver, the amount of collagen in the
      regenerating liver of CCl4-treated rats whose liver regeneration was accelerated
      by TRQ was not different from that in the normal liver. These results suggest
      that TRQ has the effect of improving the various hepatic functions through the
      activation of the protein synthesis in hepatocytes.

PMID- 4029810
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory activity of the dry distillation tar of delipidated soybean
      (Glyteer) (1)].
AB  - The anti-inflammatory activity of the dry distillation tar of delipidated soybean
      (GL, 0.1 approximately 10%) was investigated by its topical application to mice,
      rats and guinea pigs; and the effects were compared with those of betamethasone
      17-valerate (BV, 0.12%), ibuprofen (IP, 5%), phenylbutazone (PB, 5%) and
      flufenamic acid (FA, 5%), which were all prepared with the same ointment base. GL
      (1 approximately 10%) showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of the
      increased vascular permeability induced by histamine and bradykinin in guinea
      pigs. GL significantly inhibited rat paw edema induced by carrageenin, but in
      serotonin-induced paw edema, GL showed only a weak effect. GL also inhibited the
      erythema formation induced by ultra-violet rays, and the activity was equal to
      that of PB. The inhibitory potency of GL against the erythema formation induced
      by arachidonic acid in guinea pigs was equal to that of IP. It is suggested from
      these results that the mode of action of GL is similar to that of other acidic
      non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, GL did not inhibit paper disk
      granuloma in rats. Furthermore, GL markedly inhibited the delayed-type
      hypersensitivity induced by picryl chloride, and the activity was stronger than
      that of IB, PB and FA. Here GL showed the mode of action seen with steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs. The present data provide evidence that GL applied externally
      possesses a potent effect as an anti-inflammatory drug.

PMID- 4029811
TI  - [Studies on anti-inflammatory agents. (5). Specific characteristic of bone
      changes in adjuvant arthritic rats with passage of time].
AB  - Adjuvant arthritic rats develop marked changes in the distal limb joints. These
      changes were observed by soft X-ray photography at appropriate intervals. It was
      confirmed that the "cotton wool appearance" surrounding the bones, which was
      readily discernible from the radiographs, was a good indicator for following the
      progression of bone damages. Standard radiographs were selected to represent the
      various bone changes based on the "cotton wool appearance". When the incidence
      rates of bone deformation confirmed on the basis of the above method were plotted
      against Weibull Probability Paper, the plots conformed with the Weibull
      distribution function. Thus, it was possible to evaluate bone changes in adjuvant
      arthritic rats by observing the "cotton wool appearance" surrounding the bones.

PMID- 4029812
TI  - [Effect of KC-404 on experimental cerebral infarction in rats].
AB  - Experimental cerebral infarction accompanying altered cerebral energy metabolism
      and cerebral edema was produced in rats by injecting arachidonate into the left
      carotid artery. In the present study, the effects of 3-isobutyryl-2
      isopropylpyrazolo [1,5-alpha]pyridine (KC-404) on these ischemic insults as well
      as on the regional cerebral blood flow (r-CBF) were studied. 1) Cerebral
      metabolism: On the 7th day of infarction, a significant decrease in ATP content
      and an increase in glucose content were observed, especially in the left
      hemisphere. There were no significant changes in lactate and pyruvate contents as
      compared with normal rat brain. Treatment with KC-404 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) once on
      the 7th day or twice on the 6th and 7th days of infarction caused a significant
      increase in ATP content and a decrease in lactate content. Increased content of
      glucose tended to be suppressed by KC-404. In normal rats, KC-404 (10 mg/kg,
      p.o.) caused slight but significant increases in cerebral ATP, glucose and
      pyruvate contents. 2) Cerebral edema: On the 4th day of infarction, significant
      increases in water content and Na+/K+ ratio and a decrease in K+ content were
      observed in the left hemisphere. Treatment with KC-404 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for three
      preceding days showed a significant suppression of increased water content with a
      tendency to improve altered electrolyte levels. 3) r-CBF: KC-404 (0.05 mg/kg/min)
      infused i.v. for 15 min increased more markedly the r-CBF in the affected left
      hemisphere as compared with that in normal brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4029813
TI  - [Effects of gefarnate on acute gastric lesions in rats].
AB  - The effects of gefarnate on several acute gastric lesions were studied in rats.
      Gefarnate, given at either 100 approximately 1000 mg/kg orally or
      intraduodenally, dose-dependently inhibited the formation of gastric lesions
      induced by HCl-ethanol, HCl-taurocholate and aspirin. Cimetidine, given at 30
      approximately 100 mg/kg as a reference drug, also significantly inhibited both
      HCl-ethanol and aspirin-induced lesions. The present study suggests that
      gefarnate, as well as cimetidine, is useful for the treatment of acute gastric
      lesions in man.

PMID- 4029814
TI  - [Effects of serial administration of vanillyl n-nonoylamide on vocalization
      responses by arterial algogenics in guinea pigs].
AB  - Desensitizing effects of vanillyl n-nonoylamide, one of the synthetic
      capsaicinoids, were investigated by algogenics induced vocalization in conscious
      guinea pigs. Intra-arterial administration of bradykinin, acetylcholine and
      capsaicinoids (capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, vanillyl n-nonoylamide) evoked strong
      vocalization responses. Increasing doses (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400
      mg/kg) of vanillyl n-nonoylamide were given to guinea pigs by subcutaneous
      administration for 4 days. Consecutive administration of vanillyl n-nonoylamide
      produced a weak but not significant desensitizing effect on bradykinin,
      acetylcholine-evoked vocalization at several doses. However, a complete
      suppressive effect on capsaicinoids-evoked response was observed in animals
      treated with serial administration of vanillyl n-nonoylamide. A weak vocalization
      response reappeared by three kinds of capsaicinoids (3 micrograms), but there
      were statistically significant effects on vocalization count when compared with
      the control values. It was therefore concluded that serial administration of
      vanillyl n-nonoylamide had a selective desensitizing action on chemonociceptors.

PMID- 4029815
TI  - [Effect of MCI-2016 (bifemelane hydrochloride) on cerebral ischemia following
      ligation of both common carotid arteries in Mongolian gerbils].
AB  - Cerebral protective effect of MCI-2016 and influence of age on survival time in
      the cerebral ischemic model induced by bilateral-carotid-arterial ligation in
      male Mongolian gerbils were studied. Of all animals (6 to 40 weeks old), the mean
      survival time of the immature group (6 to 7 weeks) was long (3.6 hr), but
      variable, and that of the 10 to 40 weeks group was relatively stable (1.9-2.4
      hr), but that of the older group (30-40 weeks) inclined to be reduced. Effects of
      drugs on this model were studied in 10 to 15 weeks old male Mongolian gerbils.
      The mean survival time in the control groups was 2.3-2.4 hr. After a single
      administration of MCI-2016 at doses of 25 mg/kg, i.p., and 100 mg/kg, p.o., the
      mean survival time were 8.1 and 6.4 hr, respectively. In these cases, some
      animals survived over 12 hr, while no animals surviving over 12 hr were observed
      in the control group. In this model, animals showed severe neurological symptoms.
      This, however, tended to be depressed by the administration of MCI-2016 at a dose
      of 25 mg/kg, i.p., which was observed early after ligation. A cerebral metabolic
      activator, Ca-hopantenate, slightly increased the survival time at a dose of 100
      mg/kg, i.p., and a cerebral vasodilator, ifenprodil, was not effective.
      Subsequently, consecutive administration of MCI-2016 at a dose of 25 and 50
      mg/kg, p.o., was more effective than a single administration of MCI-2016 at each
      dose. The mechanism for the cerebral protective effect of MCI-2016 was discussed.

PMID- 4029816
TI  - Enhancement of bacitracin biosynthesis by branched-chain amino acids in a
      regulatory mutant of Bacillus licheniformis.
AB  - DL-4-Azaleucine-resistant mutant of Bacillus licheniformis azlr-1 isolated after
      N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, was a better bacitracin
      producer than the parent strain. In the minimal medium, the antibiotic
      biosynthesis was 4 times higher in the mutant than in the parent strain and less
      dependent on L-leucine addition. In the complex fermentation medium, the yield
      was 18-20% higher in the mutant strain. Transaminase B activity measured in the
      crude extract revealed that the branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic enzymes
      were 5-10 times derepressed supplying bacitracin synthetase with enhanced
      quantity of isoleucine and leucine, the building units of bacitracin molecule.

PMID- 4029817
TI  - Fungicidal action and structure correlation of monosubstituted phenyl
      isothiocyanates.
AB  - The fungicidal activity of 10 monosubstituted phenyl isothiocyanates was observed
      with four plant pathogens. The ortho- and meta-substituted derivatives possessed
      a fair activity while the para-substituted ones proved to be highly fungicidal
      when compared to the control Agrosan GN.

PMID- 4029818
TI  - The effect of bilirubin on the Fc receptor expression and phagocytic activity of
      mouse peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - The effect of bilirubin on the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal
      macrophages and on the expression of Fc receptors and receptors for SRBC was
      studied. Intraperitoneally administered bilirubin influenced the expression of Fc
      receptors for IgM, IgG2B, IgA and IgE, whereas the expression of other receptors
      as well as the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages remained unchanged.
      The possible mechanism of the effect of bilirubin on Fc receptors is discussed.

PMID- 4029819
TI  - The origin of tubulovesicular structures in the damaged non-myelinated axon.

PMID- 4029820
TI  - Observations on the histology of the alimentary tract of Thais bufo (Lamarck)
      (Neogastropoda: Muricidae).

PMID- 4029821
TI  - Studies of a new land planarian, Orthodemus indica sp. nov.

PMID- 4029822
TI  - Changes in the structure and distribution of the Golgi apparatus in guinea pig
      liver cells in histamine-induced shock.

PMID- 4029823
TI  - Innervation of the pancreatic blood vessels of the Bulgarian rabbit as revealed
      by the cholinesterase technique.

PMID- 4029824
TI  - The epithalamus and dorsal thalamus of three freshwater teleostean fishes.

PMID- 4029825
TI  - Ultrastructural development of the Herbst corpuscles in the skin of the beak of
      the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos, f. domestica).

PMID- 4029826
TI  - Postembryonic development of the dorsal vessel in Udumbaria nainiensis Grover
      (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera).

PMID- 4029827
TI  - Quantitative study of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hedgehog
      in two different physiological situations.

PMID- 4029828
TI  - Histology of the intrapulmonary veins in the albino Wistar rat, with special
      references to the pulmonary myocardium.

PMID- 4029829
TI  - Morphogenesis and comparative morphology of the nasal apparatus in the swallow
      (Hirundo rustica L.) (morphogenesis of the nasal capsule, the epithelial nasal
      tube and the organ of Jacobson in Sauropsida XV).

PMID- 4029830
TI  - On a few embryonic structures forming evolutionary connections between the two
      Sauropsida classes (morphogenesis of the nasal capsule, the epithelial nasal tube
      and the organ of Jacobson in Sauropsida XVI).

PMID- 4029831
TI  - Teratogenic interactions of consecutively administered cortisone and
      cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 4029832
TI  - Excretion of nitrates and nitrites in saliva and bile in the dog.
AB  - The kinetics of salivary and biliary excretion of inorganic nitrates and nitrites
      was studied in mongrel dogs after iv injection of these compounds labelled with
      15N. There was strong salivary excretion of 15NO-3 after injection of Na15NO3 but
      little or no nitrites were excreted in the saliva, indicating that the nitrites
      present in the mouth are mainly the result of in situ transformation of nitrates
      into nitrites. In the bile, large quantities of nitrates were excreted when the
      dogs received 15NO-2, indicating endogenous oxidation of the nitrite.

PMID- 4029833
TI  - Enhancement of hepatocellular genotoxicity of several mutagens from amino acid
      pyrolysates and broiled foods following ethanol pretreatment.
AB  - The effect of subchronic ethanol ingestion on the genotoxicity and metabolism of
      the mutagens 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1
      methyl-5H-pyrido[4,5-b]indole (Trp-P-2), 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'
      d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2), 2-amino
      3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-3,4- dimethylimidazo[4,5
      f]quinoline (MeIQ) was evaluated in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Male
      Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed, for 8 days, liquid diets containing either
      ethanol (8%, v/v) or an isocaloric sucrose solution. Ethanol pretreatment
      significantly (P less than 0.05, Student's t test) enhanced the level of DNA
      repair stimulated by Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, IQ and MeIQ. Statistically significant
      increases in DNA-repair activity ranged from 1.9-fold for IQ to 3.4-fold for Glu
      P-2. Following a 16-hr exposure, the concentration of parent mutagen in the
      culture medium decreased by 75-98%. Neither the rate of mutagen metabolism in
      hepatocyte cultures nor the extent of mutagenic activation in microsome
      preparations was appreciably affected by ethanol pretreatment. The results
      suggest that ethanol pretreatment enhances the genotoxicity of Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2,
      IQ and MeIQ by inducing non-microsomal activation processes.

PMID- 4029834
TI  - Lack of evidence of carcinogenicity of technical-grade piperonyl butoxide in F344
      rats: selective induction of ileocaecal ulcers.
AB  - The carcinogenicity of technical-grade piperonyl butoxide was studied in
      F344/DuCrj rats fed a dietary level of 0.5 or 1% for 2 yr. Various tumours were
      detected in all groups, including the untreated control group, but no significant
      dose-related increase in the incidence of any tumour was found. Thus, it is
      concluded that under these experimental conditions piperonyl butoxide was not
      carcinogenic in F344 rats. Unexpectedly, however, ileocaecal ulcers were found in
      animals of both sexes in both experimental groups and the incidence was dose
      related. Further studies are required to establish the mechanism of induction of
      ileocaecal ulcers by piperonyl butoxide.

PMID- 4029835
TI  - A device for irradiating guinea-pig skin with ultraviolet light.
AB  - Animal methodology for investigating photosensitization is of interest because of
      the potential of some photodynamic chemicals to produce adverse skin reactions. A
      system has been developed that provides procedural flexibility and the ability to
      standardize individual guinea-pig exposures to ultraviolet light (UVA and UVB).
      It consists of a non-stressful restraining method that also protects the animals'
      eyes from the harmful effects of UV light while allowing reproducible exposure of
      the backs of the guinea-pigs. The procedure is described in detail and the
      qualitative and quantitative aspects of the system are presented. In addition,
      some quantitative aspects of the phototoxic variation in response to 8
      methoxypsoralen are investigated.

PMID- 4029836
TI  - Use of the occlusive patch to evaluate the photosensitive properties of chemicals
      in guinea-pigs.
AB  - Guinea-pig tests were conducted on a known photocontact allergen,
      tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA), a known phototoxin, 8-methoxypsoralen, two
      reportedly weak photoallergens, musk ambrette and 6-methylcoumarin, and a
      negative control, octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol (Triton X-15). The data show
      that under the test conditions used, photosensitivity responses can be produced,
      and combinations of these as well as the other biological responses can be
      readily defined. The results indicate that musk ambrette is photoallergenic, that
      8-methoxypsoralen is phototoxic and that Triton X-15 is only a slight irritant.
      On the other hand, results with TCSA suggest that it is a strong contact allergen
      and photoallergen, while 6-methylcoumarin would be considered to be a weak
      contact allergen with weak phototoxic properties. Previous reports that barrier
      destruction or adjuvanticity is necessary to produce photoallergy to musk
      ambrette were not confirmed; by ensuring occlusion using standard methods, the
      photoallergic nature of the response to this material was clearly demonstrated. A
      device described elsewhere (Newmann & Parker, Fd Chem. Toxic. 1985, 23, 683) has
      made it possible to develop methods that can be used to differentiate clearly
      among the possible biological responses that can occur in guinea-pigs when
      photoreactive materials are applied to their skin and irradiated. The probable
      biological responses that need to be defined, under the above conditions, are
      primary irritation, delayed contact hypersensitivity, phototoxicity and/or
      photoallergenicity.

PMID- 4029838
TI  - [In vitro histomechanical studies of the tunica conjunctiva bulbi].

PMID- 4029837
TI  - Formation of nitrosoiminodialkanoic acids during the nitrosation of peptides.
AB  - The nitrosation of dipeptides by nitrous acid in aqueous medium leads to a
      rearrangement, the products being N-nitrosoiminodialkanoic acids. Such reactions
      are likely to occur in gastric juice.

PMID- 4029839
TI  - [Deposition of 3H-8-MOP in the eye and skin by PUVA therapy].

PMID- 4029840
TI  - [Life expectancy following operations for senile cataract].

PMID- 4029841
TI  - [Lens opacities following intravitreous silicone injection].

PMID- 4029842
TI  - [Postoperative cataract formation following extracapsular cataract extraction-
      with and without lens implantation].

PMID- 4029843
TI  - [Clinical corneal problems in cataract operation].

PMID- 4029844
TI  - [Intraoperative complications in phacoemulsification--analysis and initial
      results].

PMID- 4029845
TI  - [Endothelial cell defects caused by ultrasound phacoemulsification in a model].

PMID- 4029846
TI  - [Excision of the posterior lens capsule with preservation of the anterior
      vitreous face].

PMID- 4029847
TI  - [Personal 32-year experience with cataract operations].

PMID- 4029848
TI  - A retrospective study of the classical operation of complicated cataract in
      comparison with pars-plana approach.

PMID- 4029849
TI  - [Thermal epithelial abrasion in iris prolapse of long duration following cataract
      extraction].

PMID- 4029850
TI  - [Optimal construction of retropupillary artificial lenses in relation to the use
      of the YAG laser].

PMID- 4029851
TI  - [Implantation of a modified Dubroff 3-loop anterior chamber lens].

PMID- 4029852
TI  - [Corneal endothelial findings following silicone oil implantation--initial
      experiences].

PMID- 4029853
TI  - [Ridge-shaped, retrocorneal connective tissue membrane in corneal ulcer].

PMID- 4029854
TI  - [Isovolemic hemodilution in patients with retinal branch vein occlusion].

PMID- 4029855
TI  - [Electrophysiologic studies of patients with diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 4029856
TI  - [Electrophysiologic verification of amaurosis fugax].

PMID- 4029857
TI  - [Pattern ERG and pattern visually evoked cortical potentials in autosomal
      dominant infantile optic atrophy].

PMID- 4029858
TI  - [ERG in embolism of the central retinal artery].

PMID- 4029859
TI  - [Effect of staged monocular masking on the intensity of nystagmus in latent
      nystagmus].

PMID- 4029861
TI  - [Acupuncture in migraine].

PMID- 4029860
TI  - [Hypnosis in the treatment of migraine and headache].

PMID- 4029862
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis. Risk predictors and the role of phospholipase A].

PMID- 4029864
TI  - [Improvement of work organization and information flow in medical practice.
      Proposal of a solution for communication problems between physician, physician's
      assistant and patient].

PMID- 4029863
TI  - [Careful treatment of hypertension in the elderly. A multicenter medical practice
      study with Ergodesit Spezial].

PMID- 4029865
TI  - [Immunosuppression in juvenile diabetes mellitus? Critical viewpoint on the
      treatment with cyclosporin A with consideration of the differential etiology].

PMID- 4029866
TI  - [ The effect of coffee on the motor function of the gallbladder].

PMID- 4029867
TI  - [Treatment of secondary synovitis. Double blind study of proglumetacin versus
      indomethacin].

PMID- 4029868
TI  - [Predictors of further suicidal behavior in hospitalized patients following a
      suicide attempt. Literature review].
AB  - In a review of 70 follow-up studies of patients hospitalised after attempted
      suicide, those follow-up studies were listed which tried to find predictors of
      further suicidal behaviour by statistical methods. The following predictors for
      patients with attempted suicide hospitalised in different institutions were
      found: "Previous attempted suicide" (risk of repetition of attempted suicide as
      well as of suicide), "previous psychiatric treatment" (risk of repeated attempted
      suicide), addiction (suicide or repetition of attempted suicide), personality
      disorder (repetition of attempted suicide), old age and male sex (suicide). There
      is only small evidence for the predictive power of other variables. Possibilities
      of improving the prognosis of suicide attempts are discussed.

PMID- 4029869
TI  - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas].
AB  - The application of microsurgical techniques for the removal of acoustic neuromas
      has evidenced greatly improved postoperative results. Therefore the early
      detection of an acoustic neuroma is a special need for every neurologist. The
      development of new electrophysiological and radiological procedures now allows a
      far better approach in the diagnosis of acoustic neuromas. Brain stem auditory
      evoked potentials as well as acoustic reflex testing have shown to be rather
      sensitive tools in the diagnosis of retrocochlear pathology. Other
      electrophysiological procedures have been widely replaced by these techniques.
      Gasmeatocisternography in combination with cranial computed tomography is the
      method of choice in the detection of small acoustic neuromas. The current status
      in the application of different techniques for the diagnosis of acoustic neuromas
      is reviewed.

PMID- 4029870
TI  - [Thalamic dementia].
AB  - Report with complementary clinical examinations and detailed neuropathological
      findings of a case of subacute progressing "thalamic dementia", interpreted as
      combined systemic degeneration of the dorsal and medial thalamic nuclei. For the
      development of the EEG changes, which were followed from beginning of the
      disease, a slowly advancing reduction of the function of the meso-diencephalic
      activating system proved responsible. The inferior olives were symmetrically
      atrophied and the fasciculus tegmenti centralis was on both sides completely
      degenerated. It is to be considered that the inferior olives are directly
      subordinated to the medial thalamic nuclei by the way of the fasciculus tegmenti
      centralis. In the cerebellum nerve cell groups and fiber bundles, which are
      closely connected with the reticular system, are degenerated. The systemic medial
      degenerations of the thalamus belong to the abiotrophies in the sense of Gowers
      original conception.

PMID- 4029871
TI  - Interaction of troponin C and calmodulin with troponin I and troponin T. An
      electrophoretic study.

PMID- 4029872
TI  - The role of calmodulin in the ATP-dependent Ca2+-uptake by dog brain microsomes.

PMID- 4029873
TI  - Potential occurrence of calcium bilirubinate stone after gastrectomy.

PMID- 4029874
TI  - Production of corticosterone in male homozygous Brattleboro rats.
AB  - Plasma concentration, metabolic clearance rate and in vitro adrenal production of
      corticosterone were measured in Brattleboro male rats homozygous for diabetes
      insipidus (DI) and in Long-Evans male rats (LE) as controls in resting
      conditions, under stress caused by pentobarbitone anesthesia and surgery and
      after three days water deprivation. In resting animals, plasma concentrations and
      in vitro adrenal production of corticosterone were higher in DI rats than in LE
      rats. Under pentobarbitone anesthesia and surgery, plasma concentrations and
      metabolic clearance rate of corticosterone were slightly but not statistically
      lower in DI rats; however, the in vivo production rate of corticosterone was
      significantly lower. After three days water deprivation, increasing plasma
      corticosterone level was consistently higher in DI than in Le rats. These results
      are not in favour of a reduced glucocorticoid activity of the adrenal of DI rats
      and of an important role played by vasopressin on the stimulation of the
      hypothalamopituitary adrenal activity at least in resting conditions; its role
      may depend upon stressful circumstances.

PMID- 4029875
TI  - Stimulatory effect of calcitonin on fatty acid synthesis in the liver of fed
      rats.
AB  - The effect of calcitonin (CT) on free fatty acid concentration in the serum and
      liver of fed rats was investigated. A single subcutaneous administration of CT
      (synthetic [Asu1,7] eel CT;80 MRC mu/100 g body weight) produced a significant
      increase in serum free fatty acid concentration. An appreciable effect of CT was
      observed at a dose of 5 MRC mU/100 g body weight. The hormonal effect was also
      observed in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. The effect of CT on serum free fatty
      acid was diminished by fasting. Free fatty acid content in the hepatic cytosol of
      fed rats was markedly increased by CT administration. The hormonal effect was
      observed at a dose of 5 MRC mU/100 g body weight. Furthermore, stimulation of
      fatty acid synthesis caused by intraperitoneal injection of alanine (1.122
      mmoles/100 g body weight) was markedly enhanced by administration of CT (5, 20
      and 80 MRC mU/100 g body weight). This effect of CT on the liver may be the cause
      of increased level of fatty acid in the serum. The present results suggest that
      CT may stimulate synthesis of free fatty acid in the liver of fed rats.

PMID- 4029876
TI  - Red cell sorbitol and diabetic control.
AB  - There is a disagreement about the value of red cell sorbitol as an indicator of
      diabetic control. We studied 7 insulin requiring diabetics, one for 10 days and 6
      for 24 hours. In the 10-day study, blood samples were obtained every 4-6 hours.
      Sequential analysis of plasma glucose and red cell sorbitol levels showed that
      simultaneous levels had the best correlation r = 0.534, P less than .001. In the
      24-hour studies, blood samples were obtained at 1 to 4-hour intervals. Three of
      the 6 patients showed the best correlation between simultaneous plasma glucose
      and red cell sorbitol, with r = 0.727 to 0.957 and P less than .001 to P less
      than .07. When plasma glucose values were compared to red cell sorbitol levels 1,
      2, 4, 8 and 12 h later, correlation coefficients were not as good as the
      simultaneous comparison. We conclude that the measurement of red cell sorbitol
      correlates well with simultaneous plasma glucose in some but not all diabetic
      subjects and provides no additional information to the clinician.

PMID- 4029877
TI  - Therapy of endemic goitre: controlled study on the effect of iodine and
      thyroxine.
AB  - Two kinds of medical treatment of endemic goitre (400 microgram of iodine, n=11,
      and 150 microgram of L-thyroxine, n=12) were compared in a double blind study
      with a placebo group (n=12) during a period of 12 months and an observation time
      of three months after cessation of therapy. The means of the neck circumference
      and of the estimated thyroid volume decreased significantly during treatment in
      both groups, whereas no significant difference was observed in the placebo group.
      The results in both therapy groups did not differ significantly from each other.
      No side effects or symptoms of hyperthyroidism were observed. During treatment
      the index of free thyroxine (FT4I) increased significantly in both the iodine and
      the thyroxine group and delta TSH after TRH decreased significantly. Total
      triiodothyronine (TT3) did not show significant alterations. Three months after
      cessation of therapy in the thyroxine treated group the mean FT4I dropped into
      the range before treatment, whereas it remained slightly elevated in the iodine
      group. In the thyroxine treated group the mean delta TSH was higher than its
      value before therapy. After withdrawal of iodine, however, the mean delta TSH
      remained decreased for three months. The study indicates that 400 micrograms of
      iodine per day may be at least as effective as a standard dose of 150 micrograms
      of thyroxine to treat endemic goitre in an iodine deficient area.

PMID- 4029878
TI  - Urinary kinetics of triiodothyronine and their modification with aging.
AB  - The urinary kinetics of triiodothyronine (T3) in healthy young and old people has
      been studied. The behavior of urinary excretion is similar in both age groups,
      expressed in our mathematical model in the cumulative kinetics as well as in the
      urinary rate. However, a significant decrease (P less than 0.025) of renal
      clearance of T3 in elderly individuals has been found. No significant differences
      (P greater than 0.05) were observed in any other kinetic parameters. The possible
      influence of the reduction of glomerular filtrate has been discussed as the most
      important pathogenic factor of the decreased renal clearance of this hormone.
      Possibly, modifications of the distribution volumes are also involved. Due to the
      limited number of persons studied, for ethical reasons, the results obtained are
      not definitive.

PMID- 4029879
TI  - Free thyroxine measurement by one-step method in the plasma of treated and
      untreated hypothyroid infants.
AB  - The one-step radioimmunoassay of free thyroxine (f-T4) using a gamma-coated kit
      was used in this study. In controls the mean plasma levels (pmol/l) were 20.8
      (range 13.5-37) during the first days of life, 17.4 (11.5-27) from 1 week to 1
      year, and 17.0 (10-24.5) after 1 year. In preterm newborns it was correlated with
      the length of gestation. Among 23 untreated hypothyroid infants aged 15-22 days,
      f-T4 was undetectable in those with athyreosis, while in cases with dysgenetic
      thyroid it was variable, correlated to the width of the gland (r = 0.77, p less
      than 0.01). In 44 hypothyroid patients treated with l-T4, a highly significant
      positive correlation was found after the 1st month of treatment between plasma f
      T4 and the daily l-T4 dose (r = 0.46, p less than 0.01), and a negative one
      between f-T4 and plasma TSH (r = -0.59, p less than 0.001). It is concluded that
      measurement of f-T4 offers a valuable means for control of diagnosis and
      treatment in congenital hypothyroidism, especially useful for avoiding both under
      and overtreatment. Its correlations suggest that it is the most reliable
      hormonal measurement in the follow-up of thyroid children.

PMID- 4029880
TI  - Asymptomatic primary empty sella in a 14-year-old girl: comparison of computer
      tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - An enlarged, balloon-shaped sella was detected by chance in a completely
      asymptomatic 14-year-old girl, who presented with tall stature. While all
      endocrine functions were found to be normal, metrizamide cisternography with
      computer tomography revealed a flattened pituitary at the bottom of an empty
      sella. This could be compared later with nuclear magnetic resonance tomography,
      thus avoiding intrathecal contrast material and radiation exposure for the
      patient. The new technique depicts the sellar contents very well.

PMID- 4029881
TI  - Final stature in brain tumours other than craniopharyngioma: effect of growth
      hormone.
AB  - The final growth pattern of 27 children who developed growth hormone deficiency
      after treatment of an intracranial tumour other than craniopharyngioma was
      assessed retrospectively. No patient achieved his or her genetic potential,
      though 12 attained an adult height above the the third centile for the
      population. All patients showed a tendency to a eunuchoid body build irrespective
      of whether puberty was spontaneous or not.

PMID- 4029882
TI  - Delayed puberty and hypoplastic uterus associated with hyperprolactinemia:
      successful treatment with bromocriptine.
AB  - A 15-year-old girl referred because of primary amenorrhea was found to have a
      hypoplastic uterus and persistent hyperprolactinemia (72-110 ng/ml). The
      gonadotrophin-dependent pubertal signs, i.e. breast and vulvar development, were
      significantly retarded (Tanner stage 2-3) while sexual hair was well developed;
      bone age was 13 years. The endocrinological evaluation revealed gonadotrophin
      secretion (LH-basal: 0.85-1.25; peak after LH-RH: 10.4 mIU/ml; FSH-basal: 1.63
      2.5; peak: 8.2 mIU/ml) and E2 levels (26-68 pg/ml) which were appropriate for
      Tanner stage 3. The high basal levels of PRL were nonresponsive to either
      stimulatory (TRH) or inhibitory (nomifensine) agents. CT scan of the brain
      suggested the presence of a pituitary microadenoma. Following therapy with
      bromocriptine (2.5 mg/day) plasma PRL levels dropped to normal (5-6.8 ng/ml) with
      an accompanying catch-up of pubertal development and linear growth and a marked
      increase in size of the uterus as documented by repeated ultrasonographic
      examinations. Menarche occurred 5 months after initiation of therapy, followed by
      regular menses thereafter. Repeated CT scan of the brain showed a decrease in the
      density and size of the still persisting lesion. This patient demonstrates that
      hyperprolactinemia can cause delayed puberty with a particular inhibitory effect
      on uterine growth and development.

PMID- 4029883
TI  - Precocious puberty secondary to cranial irradiation for tumors distant from the
      hypothalamo-pituitary area.
AB  - This retrospective study is the first report of the occurrence of central
      precocious puberty in 6 children having received cranial irradiation. Pubertal
      development took place at a mean age of 7 5/12 years (6 10/12-7 10/12 years in 5
      girls and at 9 years in 1 boy). They had received 2,400-4,500 rad at a mean age
      of 5 2/12 years. In addition, 5 children had GH deficiency so that their growth
      spurt was blunted and 3 of them were left with an extremely short stature. This
      condition would require a therapeutic approach combining the use of an LHRH
      analogue and hGH therapy when necessary in order to protect from too rapidly
      progressing bone maturation.

PMID- 4029884
TI  - Increased peripheral aromatase activity in prepubertal children with partial
      androgen insensitivity syndrome.
AB  - It has been suggested that rate of estrogen formation was higher in patients with
      androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). This work was designed to find out if
      peripheral aromatase activity could be related to a defect in androgen action in
      prepubertal children with male pseudohermaphroditism. Fibroblast estrogen
      production was assayed by a highly specific enzymatic determination. Foreskin
      fibroblast strains were raised from 17 children with partial androgen
      insensitivity (PAIS) as defined by dihydrotestosterone binding activity in cells.
      Results are expressed as pmol estrogens/mg proteins synthetized/day when cultured
      fibroblasts are incubated with D4-androstenedione. In normal prepubertal boys (n
      = 19), aromatase activity ranged between 5 and 10 pmol estrogens/mg proteins/day,
      while in postpubertal boys it varied between 15 and 34 pmol estrogens/mg
      proteins/day. In prepubertal boys with PAIS (n = 17) aromatase activity is highly
      elevated: 19.4 +/- 8.4 pmol/mg proteins/day. These results show that (a)
      peripheral aromatase activity is low before puberty and (b) fibroblast estrogen
      synthesis is significantly (p less than 0.001) increased in prepubertal children
      with PAIS. Our data suggest that low utilization of androgens by target cells
      stimulates the production of estrogen. Peripheral aromatase activity can thus be
      considered as a 'marker' of androgen insensitivity in prepubertal children with
      male pseudohermaphroditism.

PMID- 4029885
TI  - Analysis of androgen-5 alpha-reductase by an enzyme kinetic method.
AB  - Analysis of androgen-5 alpha-reductase (A-5 alpha-R) is commonly done by
      measuring distinct testosterone (T) metabolites after tissue incubation. In the
      present study, A-5 alpha-R analysis was performed according to the principles of
      Michaelis-Menten, i.e. by evaluation of KM and Vmax data of the enzyme. 48 tissue
      samples (foreskin) of healthy boys in the age group 6 months to 8 years were
      examined. Incubation was carried out using increasing concentrations of 3H-T (8
      208 nM) as substrate, followed by extraction and thin layer chromatography (TLC)
      of the reaction products. Zone detection and quantitation of radioactivity was
      done by a computing TLC scanner. The specific radioactivity of the metabolites
      was evaluated by high resolution radio gas chromatography. KM values ranged from
      81.8 to 118.1 nM and Vmax from 8.9 to 30.1 pmol/mg . h. Coefficient of variation
      was smaller for KM (0.1) than for Vmax (0.38). It is recommended to do A-5 alpha
      R analysis by evaluation of the enzyme kinetics as this is a reproducible method
      giving accurate biochemical data of the qualitative and quantitative
      characteristics of the enzyme.

PMID- 4029886
TI  - Transferrin metabolism in alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - The metabolism of transferrin was studied using purified 125I-labeled transferrin
      in 11 alcoholic patients; six with fatty liver and five with cirrhosis. Six
      healthy subjects whose alcohol intake was les than 40 gm daily were studied as a
      control group. There were no significant differences in the mean fractional
      catabolic rate and plasma volume in the alcoholic groups when compared with
      control subjects. A significantly decreased mean serum transferrin concentration
      was found in the alcoholic cirrhotic patients (1.8 +/- 0.3 gm per liter vs. 2.9
      +/- 0.2; p less than 0.01), resulting from diminished total body synthesis (0.9
      +/- 0.2 mg per kg per hr vs. 1.8 +/- 0.2; p less than 0.01). In contrast, in the
      patients with alcoholic fatty liver, the mean total body transferrin synthesis
      (2.4 +/- 0.3 mg per kg per hr) was significantly increased when compared with
      controls (p less than 0.05). For all the alcoholic patients, the serum
      transferrin correlated with transferrin synthesis (r = + 0.70; p less than 0.01)
      but the serum iron did not. These results suggest that, in alcoholic cirrhosis,
      transferrin synthesis is decreased, probably reflecting diminished synthetic
      capacity by the liver. In contrast, in patients with alcoholic fatty liver,
      transferrin turnover is accelerated.

PMID- 4029887
TI  - Drug-induced hepatitis associated with anticytoplasmic organelle autoantibodies.
AB  - A study from five hepatology units documenting 157 cases of drug-induced
      hepatitis and a second study from a laboratory of immunology which tested more
      than 100,000 sera permitted us to establish the frequency of antiorganelle
      antibodies and their diagnostic value in drug-induced hepatitis. In drug-induced
      hepatitis caused by a heterogenous group of drugs consisting of ajmaline,
      aminopterine, isaxonine, isoniazid, perhexiline, phenylbutazone and
      troleandromycine, antiorganelle antibodies were absent or rare. In drug-induced
      hepatitis caused by another heterogenous group of drugs, including clometacin,
      fenofibrate, oxyphenisatin and papaverine, antismooth muscle, antinucleus and
      antimitochondria antibodies were found in isolation or in different combinations
      in 70% of cases. From the presence of antismooth muscle antibodies in sera, we
      could trace 30 cases of clometacin-induced hepatitis. The third group included
      drug-induced hepatitis with special antibody:iproniazid-induced hepatitis with
      antimitochondrial antibody 6 and tienilic acid (ticrynafen)-induced hepatitis
      with antiliver/kidney microsome antibody 2 (anti-LKM2). These two antibodies are
      rare in routine sera and were absent in patients who received the drug and had no
      liver damage. From the presence of corresponding antibodies, we detected six
      cases of iproniazid-induced hepatitis and 67 cases of tienilic acid-induced
      hepatitis. Antiorganelle antibodies found in high titers disappeared in 2 to 24
      months following withdrawal of the offending drug. The fourth group was
      represented by halothane-induced hepatitis; antiliver/kidney microsome antibody 1
      was weak and infrequent. Similarities between drug-induced hepatitis of the
      second group and lupoid hepatitis suggest that drugs may reveal this spontaneous
      disorder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029888
TI  - Changes of hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and serum caused by recombinant
      leukocyte interferon treatment: analysis of intrahepatic replicative hepatitis B
      virus DNA.
AB  - Twenty patients with HBeAg-positive chronic liver disease were given large doses
      of recombinant leukocyte interferon for 4 weeks. Changes of hepatitis B virus DNA
      in livers and sera were analyzed by the molecular hybridization technique in
      paired biopsies obtained before and 2 weeks after treatment. Serum hepatitis B
      virus DNA was examined before, during and after the treatment until 4 weeks post
      interferon. Analysis of hepatic hepatitis B virus DNA revealed species that
      appeared to represent various forms of replicative hepatitis B virus DNA, i.e.,
      relaxed circular, linear, supercoiled and single-stranded hepatitis B virus DNA,
      respectively. No evidence of integration of hepatitis B virus DNA in genomic DNA
      was obtained. Of 15 cases which were positive for hepatic hepatitis B virus DNA
      before treatment and in which paired biopsies were obtained, hepatic hepatitis B
      virus DNA became negative in 4, decreased in 5 and unchanged in 6. Among several
      types of replicative viral DNA in liver tissue, supercoiled hepatitis B virus DNA
      tended to remain after other forms were reduced. A close correlation between
      hepatic and serum hepatitis B virus DNA was found in 37 liver biopsy samples and
      corresponding sera. These results indicate that interferon treatment reduces
      serum hepatitis B virus levels by inhibiting viral replication in the liver and
      that persistence or reappearance of hepatitis B virus in serum after interferon
      is associated with replication.

PMID- 4029889
TI  - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity of sensitized spleen cells against target liver cells-
      in vivo and in vitro study with a mouse model of experimental autoimmune
      hepatitis.
AB  - Spleen cells obtained from C57BL/6 (B6) mice with an experimental autoimmune
      hepatitis were transferred to normal C57BL/6 recipient mice. Most prominent liver
      damages occurred in the recipient mice injected with sensitized nylon wool column
      adherent spleen cells from the donor mice. Production of such liver damage was
      blocked by treatment of the sensitized adherent spleen cells with anti-Thy 1,2
      monoclonal antibody and complement before injection. Based on these in vivo
      results, a microcytotoxicity assay was performed using isolated C57BL/6
      hepatocytes as target cells and sensitized spleen cells obtained from hepatitis
      donor mice as effector cells. The fraction of sensitized nylon wool-adherent
      spleen cells demonstrated a high cytotoxic activity against isolated syngeneic
      hepatocytes, although the other fractions and spleen cells of control animals
      showed no such effect. The cytotoxic activity of sensitized-adherent spleen cells
      against target hepatocytes was significantly reduced after treatment with anti
      Thy 1,2 antibody and complement, but it increased after depletion of B cells and
      Fc receptor-bearing T-cells. Although these sensitized nylon wool-adherent spleen
      cells showed high cytotoxic activities against syngeneic hepatocytes, their
      cytotoxicity against allogeneic hepatocytes was lower. They exerted no cytotoxic
      activity against syngeneic renal glomerular cells and EL-4 thymoma cells. These
      results suggest that sensitized T-cells in the nylon wool column-adherent
      fraction play the role of cytotoxic killer cells against target liver cells in
      vitro.

PMID- 4029890
TI  - Hepatitis B virus DNA, HBeAg and delta infection during the course from acute to
      chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
AB  - The presence of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum was determined in 57 unselected
      patients during the course from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection. Forty-six
      (81%) patients were hepatitis B virus DNA-positive in the first available serum
      sample. Generally, hepatitis B virus DNA was cleared before or at the same time
      as HBeAg, but in two patients (4%), hepatitis B virus DNA could be demonstrated
      after HBeAg clearance. One of the latter patients had hepatitis B virus DNA in
      the presence of anti-HBe. Both patients became hepatitis B virus DNA-negative.
      Seven of the hepatitis B virus DNA-positive patients received long-term treatment
      with prednisone, and three of them continued to be hepatitis B virus DNA positive
      for more than 10 years. Among the untreated patients hepatitis B virus DNA could
      be detected for up to 7 years, and 10 patients were hepatitis B virus DNA
      positive for three years or more. Twenty-four patients (42%) showed serological
      signs of delta agent infection. Hepatitis B virus DNA clearance was observed in a
      significantly higher proportion (87%) of delta-infected patients as compared to
      patients with no delta infection (45%) (p less than 0.05). In addition patients
      with delta infection had a significantly increased hepatitis B virus DNA
      clearance rate as compared to patients without delta markers in their serum (p
      less than 0.01). In one (8%) delta-infected patient, hepatitis B virus DNA
      clearance was followed by a fall in transaminases into the normal range as
      opposed to results in 86% of patients with pure hepatitis B (p less than 0.002).

PMID- 4029891
TI  - Hepatic mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in rats with chronic dietary iron
      overload.
AB  - We examined the effects of chronic dietary iron overload on hepatic mitochondrial
      oxidative metabolism. Experimental iron overload was produced by feeding rats a
      chow diet supplemented with carbonyl iron over a 7-week period. Biochemical and
      histologic evaluations of liver tissue confirmed moderate degrees of hepatic
      parenchymal iron overload. Electron microscopy showed no abnormalities in hepatic
      mitochondrial ultrastructure in blocks of tissue or in mitochondrial fractions
      from iron-loaded liver. Studies of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism revealed a
      consistent and progressive decrease in state 3 (ADP-stimulated) respiration and
      in respiratory control ratios at hepatic iron concentrations above 1,000
      micrograms per gm for all three substrates studied, glutamate, beta
      hydroxybutyrate and succinate. Changes in state 4 (ADP-limited) respiration and
      ADP/O ratios were not progressive with increasing hepatic iron concentrations. At
      hepatic iron concentrations at which there were decreases in state 3 respiration
      and respiratory control ratios, there was also evidence of lipid-conjugated diene
      formation, indicative of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. There were no changes
      in mitochondrial function when iron as either ferritin or hemosiderin or as a
      combination of ferritin, hemosiderin and ferric nitrilotriacetate was added in
      vitro to normal liver homogenates. Use of density gradient centrifugation to
      reduce iron and lysosomal contamination of mitochondrial fractions failed to
      prevent the reduction in mitochondrial function. We conclude that moderate
      degrees of chronic hepatic iron overload in vivo result in an inhibitory defect
      in the mitochondrial electron transport chain as evidenced by a decrease in state
      3 respiration and respiratory control ratios.

PMID- 4029892
TI  - Reduced transport of bilirubin and asialoorosomucoid in regenerating rat liver is
      a microtubule-independent event.
AB  - In previous studies, we found that uptake of bilirubin and asialoorosomucoid is
      depressed in regenerating rat liver. To determine what role the hepatic
      cytoskeleton plays in this modulation of uptake, animals were treated with
      colchicine, an inhibitor of microtubular polymerization. Normal unoperated rats
      or rats following two-thirds hepatectomy or sham surgery were injected with
      colchicine, lumicolchicine (50 micrograms per 100 gm of body weight, i.p.) or
      normal saline. Lumicolchicine, an analog of colchicine, has no effect on
      microtubules and was used as a control. At 12 hr after surgery, sham-operated and
      unoperated animals received a second equal dose. Partially hepatectomized animals
      received one-third the initial dose. At 24 hr after surgery, livers were perfused
      in situ and single-pass multiple indicator dilution studies were performed.
      Colchicine as compared to lumicolchicine pretreatment reduced apparent influx of
      bilirubin and asialoorosomucoid in regenerating liver by 50% but had no effect in
      liver from normal or sham-operated rats. Analysis of indicator dilution curves
      revealed that reduced influx in colchicine-treated liver was attributable to an
      increased vascular volume of distribution. These results suggest that
      microtubules may play a role in maintenance of normal hepatic vascular
      architecture during regeneration. Lack of effect of colchicine on modulation of
      bilirubin and asialoorosomucoid uptake during regeneration suggests that other,
      as yet unknown, factors result in down-regulation of the specific hepatocellular
      transport systems for these two ligands.

PMID- 4029893
TI  - Measurement of fibrosis in needle liver biopsies: evaluation of a colorimetric
      method.
AB  - Collagen content was measured in 38 needle liver biopsies (8 steatosis, 8 chronic
      hepatitis, 7 fibrosis and 15 cirrhosis) by a new colorimetric method based on the
      selective capacity of Sirius red and Fast green to bind to collagen and
      noncollagenous proteins, respectively. The values were compared with those
      obtained after determination of the degree of fibrosis by morphometry in the same
      tissue. In biopsies with cirrhosis and fibrosis, there was a higher amount of
      collagen than in biopsies with chronic hepatitis and steatosis. Furthermore,
      there was a highly significant direct correlation between the collagen content
      measured colorimetrically and the degree of fibrosis determined morphometrically
      (r = 0.77, p less than 0.001), suggesting that this new colorimetric method is
      useful in measuring the degree of fibrosis in needle liver biopsies.

PMID- 4029894
TI  - Function of the autonomic nervous system in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
AB  - To obtain further pathophysiological details concerning the development of
      cardiovascular disturbances in severe liver disease, the state of the autonomic
      nervous system, the function of the baroreceptor reflex pathway and the
      responsiveness of the cardiovascular system to noradrenaline, angiotensin II and
      isoprenaline were investigated in 11 patients with hepatic encephalopathy and in
      10 healthy control subjects. Increased plasma levels of noradrenaline and
      adrenaline and an attenuated increase in heart rate in response to atropine were
      found in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. These changes and the hemodynamic
      disturbances tended to be more pronounced in patients with hepatic encephalopathy
      Grades III-IV as compared to hepatic encephalopathy Grades I-II. The increase in
      systolic blood pressure induced by infusion of noradrenaline (400 ng per kg per
      min) and angiotensin II (20 ng per kg per min) was higher in the patients than in
      healthy control subjects (hepatic encephalopathy Grades I-II: p less than 0.001;
      hepatic encephalopathy Grades III-IV: p less than 0.02). The changes in mean and
      diastolic blood pressure in response to angiotensin II were more pronounced in
      hepatic encephalopathy grades I-II than in hepatic encephalopathy Grades III-IV
      (p less than 0.02). The decrease of heart rate in response to blood pressure
      increase in patients with hepatic encephalopathy was not different from control
      subjects except a smaller decrease during angiotensin II infusion in hepatic
      encephalopathy grades III-IV (p less than 0.05). The responsiveness to
      isoprenaline was diminished (p less than 0.001). The present results indicate
      that the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system in hepatic
      encephalopathy is associated with decreased parasympathetic tone.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4029895
TI  - A randomized comparison of metoclopramide and domperidone on plasma aldosterone
      concentration and on spironolactone-induced diuresis in ascitic cirrhotic
      patients.
AB  - The effect of metoclopramide and domperidone, two dopamine antagonists,
      administered to cirrhotic patients with ascites and secondary hyperaldosteronism,
      was examined to evaluate the changes in plasma aldosterone levels and in
      spironolactone-induced diuresis. In 15 patients with ascites and secondary
      hyperaldosteronism, the intravenous administration of 10 mg metoclopramide
      significantly increased plasma aldosterone levels (23%, p less than 0.01). This
      effect was observed when an equivalent dose of domperidone was administered. In
      20 ascitic patients treated with spironolactone (300 mg per day), the
      administration of metoclopramide (20 mg) significantly reduced urinary output
      (24%, p less than 0.001) and urinary sodium (35%, p less than 0.001) while
      simultaneously increasing urinary potassium (24%, p less than 0.001) and plasma
      aldosterone (40%, p less than 0.001). This effect was not observed with
      domperidone in an equivalent dose. Therefore, it is recommended that
      metoclopramide should be avoided during diuretic therapy in cirrhotic patients
      with ascites. In these circumstances, domperidone is preferred.

PMID- 4029896
TI  - Polycythemia and the Budd-Chiari syndrome: study of serum erythropoietin and bone
      marrow erythroid progenitors.
AB  - The mechanism of polycythemia associated with the Budd-Chiari syndrome is
      unknown. Erythropoiesis in 10 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome was studied in
      an attempt to distinguish prior unrecognized polycythemia vera from secondary
      polycythemia. Serum erythropoietin was assayed using a mouse fetal liver
      erythroblast assay. High concentrations of serum erythropoietin were observed in
      6 of 7 patients with acute primary Budd-Chiari syndrome. Levels were normal in
      four patients who were investigated during the chronic phase and were increased
      in one with persisting polycythemia. In one patient, erythropoietin concentration
      in the hepatic vein was twice the level measured in peripheral, caval and renal
      venous blood. Bone marrow erythroid progenitors developed in vitro in the absence
      of exogenous erythropoietin in all polycythemia vera cases studied in acute and
      chronic phases, whether polycythemia persisted or not. These findings indicate
      that hepatic erythropoietin production occurs in the acute phase of Budd-Chiari
      syndrome and suggest that, in some cases of Budd Chiari syndrome, polycythemia
      which resolves after the acute phase may be secondary to liver disease.

PMID- 4029897
TI  - The effect of 3-palmitoyl-(+)-catechin on Kupffer cells in guinea pig liver.
AB  - We report a morphometric study on the effect of 3-palmitoyl-(+)-catechin on
      phagocytic activity of latex particles by Kupffer cells in guinea pig liver. We
      found an increase in the density of latex particles in Kupffer cells of animals
      treated with 3-palmitoyl-(+)-catechin. The volume and density of Kupffer cells of
      treated animals increased (p less than 0.01); there was no significant difference
      in surface density of the plasma membrane. None of the parameters measured was
      altered in endothelial cells. These results show that 3-palmitoyl-(+)-catechin
      produces morphological and functional changes in Kupffer cells.

PMID- 4029898
TI  - Altered thiol and calcium homeostasis in oxidative hepatocellular injury.

PMID- 4029899
TI  - Transferrin and the alcoholic liver.

PMID- 4029900
TI  - Induction by drugs of hepatitis and autoantibodies to cell organelles:
      significance and interpretation.

PMID- 4029901
TI  - Diagnostic value of different antiliver/kidney microsome antibodies.

PMID- 4029902
TI  - Culture-negative neurocytic ascites.

PMID- 4029903
TI  - Mucosal biopsy of vascular ectasia (angiodysplasia) of the large bowel detected
      during routine colonoscopic examination.
AB  - Between 1975 and 1983, 9434 colonoscopic examinations were performed at the
      University Hospital of Zurich. Localized vascular ectasia was detected in 84
      patients and there were 48 mucosal biopsies from 46 patients. From the total of
      48 biopsies only 24 (50%) showed vascular anomalies. The most frequent lesion
      encountered was groups of thin-walled dilated vessels in the lamina propria seen
      in 21 biopsies from 20 patients. These dilated vessels are not specific but in
      respect of age (median 69 years), location (predominantly in the caecum and the
      ascending colon) and frequent multiplicity, they are suggestive of
      angiodysplasia. Five of the 20 patients suffered from chronic anaemia due to
      haemorrhages. The three other positive biopsies (from two patients) revealed a
      tiny haemangioma in the sigmoid colon of a 28-year-old woman and a few large,
      thick-walled probably malformed vessels in the mucosa of the caecum of a 17-year
      old boy. Twenty-four biopsies did not show any histologically significant
      vascular anomaly. Mucosal biopsy of vascular lesions detected during routine
      colonoscopic examination will, if positive, most frequently simply confirm the
      endoscopically diagnosed vascular ectasia and may in rare cases show or alert
      suspicion to vascular lesions other than angiodysplasia. Definitive morphological
      diagnosis will however only rarely be achieved by this method of investigation.

PMID- 4029904
TI  - Melanocytic dysplasia and melanoma.
AB  - A review of a series of 226 melanomas, representing 95% of the melanomas
      presenting in one year, has shown that 34% are associated with atypical
      melanocytic proliferation or melanocytic dysplasia in the adjacent skin. The
      dysplasia may be lentiginous, predominantly spindle-celled or non-lentiginous in
      pattern. These variants appear to correspond to the previously reported lesions,
      lentiginous and epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia and atypical melanocytic
      hyperplasia respectively. Some of these are referred to as dysplastic naevi. All
      these variants were seen in a review of 325 cases of melanocytic dysplasia. The
      variations are commonly seen within the same lesion and it is argued that they
      are variants of a single premalignant process which might best be termed
      melanocytic dysplasia. Melanocytic dysplasia is seen in white races, on non
      exposed and exposed skin. They may be solitary as well as multiple and the
      majority are non-familial. Although melanocytic dysplasia may be a precursor of a
      large proportion of malignant melanomas it is suggested that most lesions mature
      into a benign intradermal melanonaevus. The behaviour of the lesions in any
      single patient appears to be proportional to the number and cellularity of the
      lesions and the strength of the family history. A diffuse mottled pattern of
      melanocytic dysplasia appears to have a particularly unfavourable prognosis.

PMID- 4029905
TI  - Mycosis fungoides in an epidermoid cyst.

PMID- 4029906
TI  - Uniform vascular response to different aetiological factors.

PMID- 4029907
TI  - An overview of child custody laws.
AB  - The increasing divorce rate, the large number of women in the workforce, and the
      expanded role of fathers in parenting have led to a dramatic increase in child
      custody litigation. The law has responded to this growing problem in many ways,
      the foremost being to shift the emphasis of child custody laws from the rights of
      the parents to the needs of the child. The author traces the development of child
      custody laws from English common law, which granted custody to fathers, to the
      present best-interests-of-the-child standard. Criteria for evaluating the child's
      best interests, legislation to reduce postdecree litigation and child snatching,
      and approaches to ease the pain of family breakups, such as joint custody and
      divorce mediation, are among the many facets of present laws discussed by the
      author.

PMID- 4029908
TI  - Patients' release of medical records: involuntary, uninformed consent?
AB  - The authors reviewed 200 requests for records of psychiatric patients submitted
      to a university-affiliated hospital in May and June 1983. They looked at the
      sources of and reasons for the requests and subsequent uses and handling of
      released information. A survey of 32 patients who released all or part of their
      records indicated that most felt strongly about limiting access to their records,
      yet 81 percent felt that release was mandatory to get medical, financial, or
      other help. Those and other survey findings led the authors to question whether
      patients' release of information was truly informed and to draw up guidelines
      that health care providers can use to protect patients' confidentiality.

PMID- 4029909
TI  - Correlates of acting-out behaviors among young adult chronic patients.
AB  - The authors studied how the abuse of alcohol and other drugs and the failure to
      take prescribed medications are related to behavior problems shown by young adult
      mentally ill persons at home and in the community. The study was based on
      information provided by case managers for 1,471 clients in the community support
      program (CSP) sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health. The study
      found that alcohol abuse was strongly related to acting out among young CSP
      clients, but that drug abuse affected their behavior even more adversely. Failure
      to comply with prescribed medication regimens accounted for a considerable share
      of the behavior problems exhibited by the young clients, particularly acting out
      in the community. Age was found to have an attenuating effect on behavior
      problems. The authors emphasize the need to devise programs to meet the needs of
      young chronic mentally ill persons.

PMID- 4029910
TI  - Characteristics of young adults with schizophrenic disorders treated in the
      community.
AB  - The authors describe the characteristics of 100 young adults with schizophrenia
      or schizophrenia-related disorders who are being treated in the community,
      patients who are at high risk for serious, long-term impairment but have not
      necessarily developed such impairment yet. In contrast to subjects in some other
      studies of young adult chronic patients, the patients show great variability in
      previous levels of functioning, such as employment history, ability to live
      independently, and drug use. The authors hypothesize that highly individualized
      assessment and comprehensive treatment provided early in the course of illness
      can prevent or limit chronic functional disability for many patients; they
      provide recommendations for such treatment.

PMID- 4029911
TI  - Paradoxes faced by residents being trained in the psychosocial treatment of
      people with chronic schizophrenia.
AB  - The authors describe seven paradoxes that confront psychiatric residents being
      trained in the psychosocial treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients in
      community settings. The paradoxes arise because the psychosocial framework
      necessary for working with such patients challenges the residents' strongly held
      beliefs and values concerning the nature of psychotherapy and of schizophrenia.
      The paradoxes result in stress and resistance to learning new approaches and must
      be clarified and resolved for training to proceed successfully. The authors
      examine the origins of the paradoxes and the reactions of residents to each, and
      describe how the supervisory relationships of the training setting can be used to
      resolve them.

PMID- 4029912
TI  - Service and patient predictors of continuation in clinic-based treatment.
AB  - The authors studied 125 chronic patients who entered treatment at five community
      mental health clinics to identify the patient and service predictors of
      continuation in treatment. Patients who remained in treatment at the end of one
      year were significantly more likely than those who dropped out to have received
      medication at early visits, to have participated in psychotherapy, and to be
      chronically psychotic. Analysis of the clinics that most successfully retained
      patients in treatment indicated that service characteristics rather than patient
      characteristics accounted for the clinics' success. The authors discuss the
      treatment programs at the two most successful clinics and the implications of the
      findings for community clinics.

PMID- 4029913
TI  - Psychiatry and the primary care physician.
AB  - The author discusses problems that have hindered active collaboration between
      psychiatrists and primary care physicians, presents models for clinical
      interaction between them, and describes the role of psychiatrists in the
      education of primary care physicians. He identifies the differing models of
      psychiatric and physical medicine as the source of the poor communication that
      has existed between the two specialties and advocates adherence to a
      biopsychosocial model as a means of fostering collaboration. He concludes that
      the psychiatrist can best serve as a teacher and consultant to the primary care
      physician and as a specialist dealing with serious mental and emotional problems
      that are beyond the skill of the primary care physician.

PMID- 4029914
TI  - A school-based program of mental health services.
AB  - The Brookdale School Program provides mental health consultation and direct
      services to more than 450 children in a Brooklyn school district through an
      unusual network involving the local hospital's psychiatry department, the
      community mental health center, and the school. In the Brookdale program hospital
      based psychiatrists and school-based social workers, nurses, and psychologists
      work with teachers, administrators, and parents to provide insight into the
      emotional and learning difficulties of some children and to set treatment goals.
      Two case examples are presented.

PMID- 4029915
TI  - The impact of borderline and schizotypal personality disorders on patients and
      their families.

PMID- 4029916
TI  - Meningoencephalitis presenting as depression.

PMID- 4029917
TI  - Drug misuse in nursing homes: an institutional addiction?

PMID- 4029918
TI  - Affiliations with multis: rurals becoming picky.

PMID- 4029919
TI  - Hospital home i.v., RT will see growth spurt.

PMID- 4029920
TI  - Corporate success includes human values.

PMID- 4029921
TI  - Medical directors targeted in cost cutting.

PMID- 4029922
TI  - Programs address the frail elderly's need.

PMID- 4029923
TI  - PPS prompts focus on multiple job skills.

PMID- 4029924
TI  - PPAs: fewer start-ups but better operations.

PMID- 4029925
TI  - What's the market for HMOs and PPAs?

PMID- 4029926
TI  - Health care policy lessons from Britain.

PMID- 4029927
TI  - How to select and support the hospital sales team.

PMID- 4029928
TI  - Physician influence in hospitals: an update.

PMID- 4029929
TI  - Rural providers in the marketplace. Interview by Clay Mickel.

PMID- 4029930
TI  - Automation in the hospital pharmacy.

PMID- 4029931
TI  - Staff reductions: legal and practical issues.

PMID- 4029932
TI  - Bond growth anticipates Reagan tax reform.

PMID- 4029933
TI  - Outpatient cancer centers begin to gain attention.

PMID- 4029934
TI  - Patterns of hospital use by the elderly vary widely by age group: HHS study.

PMID- 4029935
TI  - Most Blue Cross/Blue Shield plans cover home care: study.

PMID- 4029936
TI  - IL hospital reduces ER liability risks.

PMID- 4029937
TI  - Hospital sells its engineering services.

PMID- 4029938
TI  - Dome adds high-tech touch to MRI shield.

PMID- 4029939
TI  - What's eroding the hospital's image?

PMID- 4029941
TI  - Contracts for clinical services rising.

PMID- 4029940
TI  - Contracts will grow in nonclinical areas.

PMID- 4029942
TI  - Business needs spur HMO, PPA growth.

PMID- 4029943
TI  - Mutagenicity tests and the prediction of carcinogenic activity.

PMID- 4029944
TI  - Unexpected heterogeneity in acute leukemia: mixed lineages and lineage switch.

PMID- 4029945
TI  - Diagnosis of duodenal and ampullary epithelial neoplasms by endoscopic biopsy: a
      clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study.
AB  - A series of 19 duodenal and 16 ampullary neoplasms was studied to determine their
      pathologic features on endoscopic biopsy, to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of
      this procedure, and to assess the usefulness of immunohistochemical staining for
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in these neoplasms. The 11 benign neoplasms (31
      per cent) were adenomas, five of which had focal hyperplastic features; the 24
      malignant neoplasms (69 per cent) included ten intestinal-type carcinomas
      (resembling colonic carcinoma), seven anaplastic carcinomas (resembling diffuse
      gastric carcinoma), two adenocarcinomas in situ, and five lesions of unoriented,
      cytologically malignant epithelium. Malignancy was suspected endoscopically in 19
      of 24 carcinomas, and the majority of the benign neoplasms were described as
      polyps or plaques. Resections (performed in 20 cases) demonstrated the accuracy
      of the biopsy diagnoses in 17 cases (85 per cent). In the three discordant cases,
      diagnosed by biopsy as adenoma in two cases and carcinoma in situ in one,
      coexistent in situ or infiltrating carcinomas were identified in the resected
      specimens. Carcinoembryonic antigen (20 cases) was identified mostly along
      glycocalyceal borders in normal and adenomatous tissues, whereas the carcinomas
      also showed strong cytoplasmic staining for CEA. Endoscopic biopsy is a valuable
      procedure in the diagnosis of duodenal and ampullary neoplasms. Correlation of
      the pathologic features of biopsy specimens with endoscopic appearances may
      result in more accurate diagnoses.

PMID- 4029946
TI  - Creatine kinase subunits M and B as markers in the diagnosis of poorly
      differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas in children.
AB  - Antibodies against the M and B subunits of creatine kinase were assessed for
      their usefulness in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma.
      Routinely processed formaldehyde-fixed tissue and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase
      complex technique were used. The majority of the poorly differentiated and all of
      the moderately and well-differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas studied showed
      immunostaining for the M subunit. The rhabdomyoblastic component of malignant
      "triton" tumors was also positive. Staining, although weak compared with that of
      the rhabdomyosarcomas, was also observed in a few leiomyosarcomas,
      hemangioendotheliosarcomas, malignant fibrous histiocytomas, and
      ganglioneuroblastomas. On the other hand, staining for the B subunit was seen in
      many types of soft tissue tumors, including rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma,
      and (ganglio)neuroblastoma. The results indicate that creatine kinase subunit M
      is a useful marker for distinguishing poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma from
      other types of small round cell tumors in children, such as neuroblastoma,
      Ewing's sarcoma, and malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 4029947
TI  - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of mucoepidermoid
      carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare subtype of breast carcinoma. In an attempt to
      elucidate the histogenesis of these tumors, two mucoepidermoid carcinomas were
      studied electron microscopically and immunohistochemically with antisera to S-100
      protein and epidermal cytokeratin. Light microscopic examination showed these
      tumors to be composed of mixtures of neoplastic mucus-secreting, squamous, and
      intermediate cells. Ultrastructural examination revealed squamous cells, mucus
      secreting luminal cells, and classic myoepithelial cells. The intermediate cells,
      which contained focal peripheral myofilaments with dense bodies and pinocytotic
      vesicles associated with centrally aggregated tonofilaments, were interpreted as
      modified myoepithelial cells. Classic dendritic myoepithelial and intermediate
      (modified myoepithelial) cells stained with antisera to S-100 protein and
      epidermal cytokeratin. Both the ultrastructural and the immunohistochemical
      features indicate that myoepithelial and duct luminal cells play an important
      role in the histogenesis of mucoepidermoid tumors of the breast.

PMID- 4029948
TI  - Idiopathic pulmonary arterial trunk aneurysm presenting as cor pulmonale: report
      of a case.
AB  - An elderly woman who presented with cor pulmonale and intractable right heart
      failure was found at autopsy to have a thrombosed aneurysm of the pulmonary
      arterial trunk. This case is unusual in that no associated congenital
      cardiopulmonary anomaly, vascular myxoid degeneration, pulmonary parenchymal
      disease, or thromboembolism was found.

PMID- 4029949
TI  - Intrauterine closure of the ductus arteriosus in association with prune belly
      syndrome.
AB  - Findings from the autopsy of a preterm neonate with in utero anatomic closure of
      the ductus arteriosus in association with prune belly syndrome are presented.
      Marked bladder distention, a major feature of prune belly syndrome, has secondary
      mechanical effects on fetal thoracic organs, and the fetus might have been
      exposed to chronic intrauterine stress. This could have affected the prenatal
      closure of the ductus arteriosus, although no definitive conclusion can be made.

PMID- 4029950
TI  - Endocardial fibroelastosis and myocardial calcification secondary to an anomalous
      right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary trunk.
AB  - The case of an infant with endocardial fibroelastosis and a coexistent anomalous
      right coronary artery that originated from the pulmonary trunk is presented. The
      causal relation between the two conditions is discussed.

PMID- 4029951
TI  - Cystic disease of the kidney in newborns.

PMID- 4029952
TI  - Inversion (14)(q12qter) or (q11.2q32.3): the most frequently acquired
      rearrangement in lymphocytes.
AB  - In a large study of chromosome rearrangements occurring in human lymphocytes from
      normal subjects, inv (14)(q12qter) or (q11.2q32.3) is found to be the most
      frequent, affecting 0.15% of mitoses. The same inversion is observed in the
      lymphocytes of the chimpanzee, indicating the ancestry of this inversion. It is
      not induced by ionizing radiations, and its frequency may be increased in Fanconi
      anemia, but not in ataxia telangiectasia. It may represent one of the steps of
      the process of leukemogenesis.

PMID- 4029953
TI  - Phenotype and gene frequencies of acid phosphatase (s-AcP) in the human parotid
      saliva.
AB  - Genetic polymorphism of the human parotid salivary acid phosphatase (s-AcP) in
      the Japanese population is described. The use of polyacrylamide gel isoelectric
      focusing electrophoresis with the pH range of 4.0-6.5 enabled us to discern three
      variant patterns controlled by two codominant alleles at the single autosomal
      locus. The two alleles were designated s-AcP:A and s-AcP:a, and the gene
      frequencies calculated from 183 Japanese subjects were s-AcP:A = 0.2268 +/-
      0.022, s-AcP:a = 0.7732 +/- 0.022, respectively. The distribution of phenotypes
      fitted the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

PMID- 4029954
TI  - Replication of X chromosomes in complete moles.
AB  - DNA replication patterns of X chromosomes in complete hydatidiform moles were
      studied using cultured fibroblasts from three 46,XX moles resulting from
      duplication of a haploid sperm, and from a 46,XY mole originating from dispermy.
      Control cultures included skin fibroblasts from an adult woman and a female fetus
      as well as PB lymphocytes from an adult woman. Cultures were treated with 5-bromo
      deoxyuridine for the last 2-4 h of the S phase, and the chromosome slides
      prepared were stained by the Hoechst 33258-Giemsa procedure. Each of the three XX
      moles studied revealed one early-replicating and one late-replicating X
      chromosomes, while the XY mole revealed one early-replicating X chromosomes. DNA
      replication patterns of molar X chromosomes were similar to those of adult and
      fetal fibroblasts, but different from those in adult lymphocytes. These findings
      indicate that DNA replication kinetics of molar fibroblasts are tissue-specific
      rather than origin- or developmental-stage specific.

PMID- 4029955
TI  - G-6-PD Jalisco and G-6-PD Morelia: two new Mexican variants.
AB  - Two new G-6-PD variants designated G-6-PD Jalisco and G-6-PD Morelia were
      identified in two unrelated Mexican families. An additional G-6-PD variant was
      found in each family: G-6-PD Trinacria and G-6-PD A-. In both families compound
      heterozygotes were identified. G-6-PD Jalisco and G-6-PD Morelia belong to
      Classes 3 and 4, respectively. G-6-PD Morelia is the first variant from its class
      with a high Km for NADP and a low Ki for NADPH.

PMID- 4029956
TI  - Scalp defect associated with postaxial polydactyly: confirmation of a distinct
      entity with autosomal dominant inheritance.
AB  - The association of postaxial polydactyly type A and congenital scalp defect in a
      15-year-old severely mentally retarded male confirms the previously reported
      suggestion that the combination of both anomalies represents a new distinct
      entity with autosomal dominant inheritance and variable expression.

PMID- 4029958
TI  - Increased birth weight in psoriasis--another expression of a "thrifty genotype"?

PMID- 4029957
TI  - Maple syrup urine disease: two different forms within a single family.
AB  - A family is reported in which the index case presented with an acute form of
      maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), whereas two of her sisters and her father were
      found to have an almost asymptomatic form of the disease. It is proposed that the
      members of this family are compound heterozygotes for the classical deficient
      mutant gene and for a "variant" allele.

PMID- 4029959
TI  - Genetic relationships between Indians and their neighboring populations.
AB  - Using gene frequency data for 18 protein and blood group loci, we studied the
      genetic relationships of four Indian subcontinent populations (peoples from
      Punjab, Gujarati, Andhra Pradesh, and Bangladesh) with their neighboring
      populations (Iranians, Afghans, Sinhalese in Sri Lanka, Nepalese, Bhutanese,
      Malays, Bataks in northern Sumatra, and Chinese). The results obtained indicate
      that the four Indian subcontinent populations and the Sinhalese are genetically
      closer to Iranians and Afghans (Caucasoid) than to the other neighboring
      Mongoloid populations. Genetic distance analysis shows a clear-cut dichotomy
      between the Caucasoid and Mongoloid populations.

PMID- 4029960
TI  - Haptoglobin groups and rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Haptoglobin types were determined in 200 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      subdivided according to sex and familial occurrence of polyarthritis. A highly
      significant excess of the Hp2 gene was found among patients with a family history
      of polyarthritis, more pronounced among males. The possible association between
      Hp2 and predisposition for increased immune reactivity is discussed.

PMID- 4029961
TI  - Variability of selection opportunities with changing socio-cultural environments.
AB  - Opportunity for selection has been studied against their contrasting
      socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds in two endogamous populations, namely,
      Brahmins and Jalaris of Visakhapatnam, India. Total selection was slightly higher
      among the better off Brahmins than in Jalaris. But a marked qualitative and
      quantitative variation was found in the contributing components; the fertility
      differential was circa 60% in Brahmins while the mortality differential was circa
      60% in Jalaris according to the Crow Index. The decreased mortality differential
      in Brahmins suggests that this component was directly affected by the better
      socio-economic level and reflects on the population's transitional phase.
      Further, the If value fell to a half in women who completed their fertility by
      family planning when compared to women who completed their fertility by
      menopause, thus reducing the variance in fertility component in the family
      planning group.

PMID- 4029962
TI  - Nonorgan-specific autoantibodies and immunoglobulin allotypes in relatives of
      patients with monoclonal gammopathy.
AB  - Polyclonal immunoglobulin increase, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies and
      cold lymphocytotoxins were detected 10, 8, 7 and 8 times, respectively, in a
      group of these informative families (22, 17 and 29 subjects tested,
      respectively). Each family included at least 1 subject with a monoclonal
      gammopathy in addition to that of the proband. No correlation could be shown
      between any of these abnormalities and Gm haplotypes. Nonetheless, it is worth
      noting that 6 out of 41 relatives under 30 years of age had cold
      lymphocytotoxins.

PMID- 4029963
TI  - Segregation analysis of ocular refraction and myopia.
AB  - Segregation analysis of ocular spherical refraction data using a unified model
      resulted in rejection of a Mendelian hypothesis of genetic transmission in
      nuclear families of both Japanese and European ancestries. Similar analyses of
      families which included at least 1 myope gave no evidence for the hypothesis that
      myopia is determined in part by a major gene. Most of the variation associated
      with ocular refraction, or with myopia, seems to be nongenetic in origin.

PMID- 4029964
TI  - A genetic and demographic study of hemophilia A in Brazil.
AB  - A genetic and demographic study was made of patients with hemophilia A in Rio
      Grande do Sul, Brazil, during a 15-year period. The study comprised 104 patients
      belonging to 70 pedigrees. Life expectancy at birth increased from 32.2 to 44.5
      years, mean age of death from 11.1 to 14.6 years, and survival to maturity from
      33 to 38%. However, fertility decreased from an average number of 1.6 to 0.8
      children. Among the normal brothers, the average number of offspring was
      decreased from 2.2 to 1.5 children. The fitness of patients in this population,
      in spite of the increase of the average life expectancy, was decreased due to the
      decrease of fertility, from 0.47 to 0.43 using the normal brother as control, and
      from 0.35 to 0.20 using the general population as control.

PMID- 4029965
TI  - C3 and C6 complement types in schizophrenia.
AB  - C3 and C6 complement types were studied in schizophrenic patients and controls.
      The distributions of the three common C3 types (F, FS and S) among the patients
      was significantly different from that in the controls (p less than 0.005) and the
      frequency of the C3F gene was significantly increased (p less than 0.0005) among
      the patients. There were no significant differences in C6 gene or phenotype
      frequencies between patient and controls.

PMID- 4029966
TI  - Placental alkaline phosphatase polymorphism in northern Greece.
AB  - The placental alkaline phosphatase (Aph) polymorphism was studied in Northern
      Greece. A new rare placental Aph variant was described.

PMID- 4029967
TI  - Association between C3 complement types and bronchial asthma.
AB  - A statistically significant association was found between the C3F gene and
      bronchial asthma. The relative risk for bronchial asthma among individuals
      carrying the C3F gene was 4.0.

PMID- 4029968
TI  - A possible clinical implication of homozygous inversions of 9qh regions with
      Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CLS).
AB  - Several investigators have attempted to correlate chromosomal abnormalities with
      Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CLS), but none of them have been conclusive. The
      homozygous inversion of 9qh found in the present case has not been found
      previously. It remains to be clarified whether the presence of this finding in
      CLS was simply a coincidence or whether homozygosity for such inversions may
      result in CLS.

PMID- 4029969
TI  - Association between C3 complement types and Indian childhood cirrhosis.
AB  - A highly significant association was found between the C3F gene and indian
      childhood cirrhosis (ICC), a major cause of death among young children in India.
      The relative risk for ICC among individuals carrying this gene was 12.5.

PMID- 4029970
TI  - Statistical testing in dermatoglyphic studies.

PMID- 4029971
TI  - A system for measuring tremor intensity in rats.

PMID- 4029972
TI  - Sensitivity analysis of depth EEG electrodes to dipolar electric sources.

PMID- 4029973
TI  - Sensitivity of the human eye to power frequency electric fields.

PMID- 4029974
TI  - Forward and inverse potential field solutions for cardiac strands of cylindrical
      geometry.

PMID- 4029975
TI  - Fluctuations of human tapping intervals.

PMID- 4029976
TI  - Investigation of methods to estimate ultrasonic attenuation of soft tissue.

PMID- 4029977
TI  - Modeling of the transfer function of the heart-thorax acoustic system in dogs.

PMID- 4029978
TI  - A tactile vision-substitution system for the blind: computer-controlled partial
      image sequencing.

PMID- 4029979
TI  - Exposure of human models in the near and far field--a comparison.

PMID- 4029980
TI  - Ku and K-band irradiation of giant algal cells: the absence of detected
      bioeffects at 100 W/m2.

PMID- 4029982
TI  - Fluctuations in tracer amounts in a compartmental system with a Markovian
      transition process.

PMID- 4029981
TI  - The use of two-dimensional echocardiograms in the detection of myocardial
      infarction in canines.

PMID- 4029983
TI  - A research prototype of an inkbraille reading aid.

PMID- 4029984
TI  - An unbalanced electric applicator for RF hyperthermia.

PMID- 4029985
TI  - Echo visualisation of pacemaker lead.

PMID- 4029986
TI  - Predictive value of disopyramide provocation in chronic bifascicular block--long
      term follow-up with a bradycardia indicating pacemaker.

PMID- 4029987
TI  - Ventricular septal rupture following acute myocardial infarction: contrast two
      dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis.

PMID- 4029988
TI  - Poisoning with a large dose of digitalis.

PMID- 4029989
TI  - Stable right ventricular endocardial permanent pacing via left superior vena
      cava.

PMID- 4029990
TI  - Utility of two-dimensional echocardiography in the detection of left ventricular
      intracavitary mass.

PMID- 4029991
TI  - Cross-talk in a DDD pacemaker leading to faulty programming.

PMID- 4029992
TI  - Thrombosis of mitral valve prosthesis during pregnancy--successful surgical
      treatment.

PMID- 4029993
TI  - Right atrial myxoma--a report of two cases.

PMID- 4029994
TI  - Close encounters with the "outer space".

PMID- 4029995
TI  - Primary pulmonary hypertension: a therapeutic dilemma.

PMID- 4029996
TI  - Acute effect of sublingual nifedipine on right ventricular systolic time
      intervals in primary pulmonary hypertension--an echocardiographic study.

PMID- 4029998
TI  - On the double presystolic wave of the jugular tracing.

PMID- 4029997
TI  - Dual-chamber pacing for symptomatic bradyarrhythmias.

PMID- 4029999
TI  - The modified Vosschulte repair for congenital coarctation of the aorta--an
      experience of 65 cases.

PMID- 4030000
TI  - The effect of oral contraceptive drug on cardiovascular system, liver & kidneys.

PMID- 4030001
TI  - Characterization of prosthetic groups of naphthalene oxygenase from
      Corynebacterium renale.

PMID- 4030002
TI  - Depolymerization of capsular polysaccharide by glycanase activity of Klebsiella
      bacteriophage phi 51.

PMID- 4030003
TI  - Effect of zinc deficiency on kinetics of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase of
      Oryza sativa L. and Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke.

PMID- 4030004
TI  - Iodide carrier in isolated cells of stomach.

PMID- 4030005
TI  - Biological synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in goat prostate.

PMID- 4030006
TI  - Conformational studies on adenosine and its analogs by proton magnetic resonance.

PMID- 4030007
TI  - MINDO/3 calculations of carcinogen activities of polycyclic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 4030008
TI  - Studies on active site of goat pancreatic carboxypeptidase A: modification of
      histidine residues.

PMID- 4030009
TI  - [Meaning and aims of a pollen information service].
AB  - Two years ago, the foundation "Deutscher Polleninformationsdienst" was
      established in Cologne/West Germany. Measurements from pollen collectors,
      together with the weather forecast were combined to a prognosis of pollen flight
      for the following 2 days. In spring and summer, these informations were given to
      the public services twice a week. Now, in nearly all regions of West Germany,
      pollen measurement points are established. The aim of a pollen information
      service is to give further information to pollinosis patients and physicians on
      their medicaments, i.e. how to use them effectively and prophylactically.

PMID- 4030010
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes, specific IgE against food and inhalation
      allergens, serum histamine levels and disorders of intestinal permeability in
      atopic patients before and after test meals].
AB  - Specific IgE antibodies against 25 food and 3 respiratory allergens were
      investigated in 35 AD patients and 26 healthy controls before and after challenge
      meals (CM). The frequency of positive results showed a significant increase after
      CM (+ 58%) with no influence on reaction specificity. Increased serum CIC levels
      with IgG, IgE and IgM were recorded in 34, 47 and 54% of the 35 AD patients
      respectively, whereby only the IgE-CIC demonstrated an increase of frequency and
      mean levels after CM. In 4 out of 5 atopic patients, significant higher histamine
      values were registered half an hour after CM, furthermore 23 out of 61 fasted
      patients demonstrated increased serum histamine levels. However, no direct
      correlation could be noticed between the increased intestinal permeability of the
      investigated patients on the one hand and the serum histamine levels or the
      presence of IgE-CIC on the other hand. The relations between single parameters as
      well as their clinical significance in AD patients after CM administrations are
      discussed.

PMID- 4030011
TI  - [Antibody diversity and network theory--a hypothesis].
AB  - The diversity of antibody specificities arises during the development of the
      immune system by recombination of genes and by spontaneous mutations and is not
      yet determined in the germ-cell, as earlier supposed. The network theory
      describes how antibody and lymphocyte populations are regulated recognizing each
      other by idiotopes. It is proposed that protection against autoaggression by an
      immune system with a genetically mostly uncontrolled high variability of
      specificities is based on anti-idiotypic antibodies which express autoantigen
      structures. There are suggestions that essential functions of the immune system
      consist not only in protection against microbes and immunological surveillance
      but also in regulatory effects on nonimmunological body-cell systems.

PMID- 4030012
TI  - [Nail changes and alopecia areata].

PMID- 4030013
TI  - [Plantar prickle cell epithelioma (epithelioma cuniculatum). Description of 3
      cases].

PMID- 4030014
TI  - [Eruptive capillary hemangioma in an adult, with partial autoresolution].

PMID- 4030015
TI  - [Pigmentation caused by Cordarone].

PMID- 4030016
TI  - [Malignant acanthosis nigricans with an unusual clinical expression].

PMID- 4030017
TI  - [Demonstration of S-100 protein in a cutaneous cell population].

PMID- 4030018
TI  - [Effect of oral administration of haptens in sensitized subjects with contact
      allergic eczema. II). Personal contribution].

PMID- 4030019
TI  - [Consideration on a case of lues tarda].

PMID- 4030020
TI  - [Minoxidil for local application in the treatment of alopecia].

PMID- 4030021
TI  - [Alopecia areata and treatment with the diethylester of squaric acid. Behavior of
      lymphocyte subpopulations].

PMID- 4030022
TI  - [Treatment of alopecia areata with topical dinitrochlorobenzene. Results and
      follow-up].

PMID- 4030023
TI  - [Grover's disease and neoplasms: a non-casual association?].

PMID- 4030024
TI  - Hemolysis and suppression of neutrophil chemotaxis by a low molecular weight
      component of human burn patient sera.
AB  - During the past year, we have reported the isolation and characterization of a
      low molecular mass (less than 5000 Da) complex (SAP), having profound
      immunosuppressive activity, found in the plasma of patients with major thermal
      injuries. Our continued studies have revealed that non-cytotoxic inhibition of
      neutrophil chemotaxis by SAP is paralleled by erythrocyte hemolysis by the same
      compound. Both neutrophil inhibitory and hemolytic activities appear to be a
      function of the peptide portion of SAP (determined by sensitivity to trypsin and
      pronase), which is augmented by the presence of sialic acid in the complex
      (activity eliminated by the addition of neuraminidase). The lipid portion of SAP,
      which is critical to its neutrophil immunosuppressive activity, does not appear
      to participate in erythrocyte hemolysis. Hemolytic activity of SAP is not due to
      protease activity, and does not appear to be receptor dependent. However, it is
      completely dependent upon the presence of calcium. The hemolytic activity of SAP
      appears to be abrogated by the addition of cerium nitrate, leading to a
      hypothesized relationship of SAP to the immunological activity of "burn toxin",
      previously described in detail (Schoenenberger, G.A. (1975) Monogr. Allergy 9, 72
      139).

PMID- 4030025
TI  - Subset specificity of lupus antilymphocyte antibodies studied by two-colour
      microfluorimetry.
AB  - Subset specific lymphocytotoxic activity of lupus sera was studied by a
      combination of selective immunofluorescence labelling and complement-mediated
      lysis. Most frequently death of B cells was detected. Many of the sera caused
      lysis of T lymphocytes; selective cytotoxicity against suppressor T cells could
      be observed less frequently. All the anti-T4, anti-T8 and anti-B lymphocyte
      antibodies proved to be cold reactive.

PMID- 4030026
TI  - Basal immunoglobulin serum concentration and isotype distribution in relation to
      the polygenic control of antibody responsiveness in mice.
AB  - Serum Ig concentration and isotype distribution were determined in the high (H)
      and low (L) responder lines selected for antibody response to complex immunogens.
      Data were recorded in normal and postimmunization sera from the H and L lines
      produced by five independent selective breedings (selections I, II, III, IV, and
      V). Ig levels were much higher in H than in L mice of all the selections. In four
      selections this interline difference increased further after immunization with
      the selection antigens. This is in agreement with the general effect of the
      polygenic control of antibody responses operating in H and L lines. The Ig
      isotype profiles of normal sera were different in each line; however, similitudes
      were noticed between H and L lines in selections I and II. In contrast, in
      selections III, IV, and V a similar interline difference was observed: the lack
      of IgG2a isotype in L lines only. After immunization there were minor alterations
      of the isotype profiles except in the H lines of selections III and IV, in which
      a clear inverse modification of IgG1 and IgG2a proportions occurred. The
      characteristic pattern of each selection may be partially dependent on isotype
      restricted regulatory effects in relation to the immunization procedure used for
      selective breeding.

PMID- 4030027
TI  - Corticosteroid-induced cleft palate: cis interaction of MHC genes and hybrid
      resistance.

PMID- 4030028
TI  - Enhancement of Japanese encephalitis virus growth in vitro by concanavalin A.

PMID- 4030029
TI  - Radioactive bromide partition test in the diagnosis of tubercular meningitis in
      children.

PMID- 4030030
TI  - Effect of immunization with formalin killed cells in complete Freund's adjuvant
      in experimental candidosis.

PMID- 4030031
TI  - Cellular radioimmunoassay for antibodies to spermatozoa.

PMID- 4030032
TI  - Quality & quantity of dietary protein & acute endosulphan metabolic toxicity in
      rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 4030033
TI  - Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against nucleated target cells in
      patients with squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix.

PMID- 4030034
TI  - Diet, body fat & plasma lipids in breast cancer.

PMID- 4030035
TI  - Role of intraoperative wound contamination in post-operative wound infection in
      laparotomy.

PMID- 4030036
TI  - Central thermoregulatory effect of 1, 1 dimethyl-4-phenyl piperazine iodide.

PMID- 4030037
TI  - Effect of intratracheally instilled benzo (a) pyrene on the pulmonary & hepatic
      protective enzymes in normal & vitamin A deficient rats.

PMID- 4030038
TI  - The mini health centre scheme in Tamil Nadu: a study of inputs.

PMID- 4030039
TI  - Evidence of early degenerative changes in large arteries in human essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Noninvasive evaluation of brachial artery diameter (pulsed Doppler velocimetry)
      and pulse wave velocity (strain gauge mechanography) was performed in 23 normal
      subjects and 49 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Pulsatile
      arterial function was described in terms of derived characteristic impedance and
      arterial compliance. Compared with normal controls, hypertensive patients had
      greater arterial diameter (p less than 0.01) and pulse wave velocity (p less than
      0.001). Two nomograms obtained from normal subjects relating the product of age
      and diastolic pressure to diameter and pulse wave velocity were used for analysis
      of the hypertensive group; 35 patients were inside the 95% confidence limits of
      the diameter and pulse wave velocity nomograms (Group 1), while 14 patients were
      outside the pulse wave velocity nomogram (Group 2). Age and mean pressure were
      similar, but pulse wave velocity was higher (p less than 0.001), arterial
      compliance lower (p less than 0.001), and characteristic impedance higher (p less
      than 0.001) in Group 2 than in Group 1. The amplitude of pulse pressure was
      higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p less than 0.001), and a negative correlation
      was found between pulse pressure and arterial compliance in Group 2, but not in
      Group 1. Thus, in the majority of hypertensive patients, arterial modifications
      could be related to the normal influence of age and pressure. In contrast, other
      patients exhibited features suggesting excessive arterial stiffness, manifested
      by abnormally high pulse wave velocity, decreased arterial compliance, and
      increased characteristic impedance.

PMID- 4030041
TI  - Blood pressure changes during adolescence and subsequent adult blood pressure
      level.
AB  - Serial data were analyzed for blood pressure recorded between the ages of 9 to 18
      years for 278 children and for a subset of this group whose blood pressure was
      measured at the age of 30 +/- 5.0 years (n = 93). Blood pressures were measured
      by auscultation over the antecubital fossa with the participant seated. Systolic
      blood pressure was recorded when the first sound was heard, and diastolic blood
      pressure was recorded when all sounds disappeared (fifth phase). A linear
      regression model was fitted to the data for each individual, and adjustments were
      made for regression toward the mean using maximum likelihood procedures. There
      were no significant correlations between the estimated initial values of blood
      pressure and the rate of change from 9 to 18 years of age. The associations
      between the levels of blood pressure at 9 years of age and at 30 years of age
      were significant for systolic blood pressure only in male subjects and were not
      significant for diastolic blood pressure in either sex. The correlations between
      the rate of blood pressure change from 9 to 18 years of age and blood pressure
      levels at 30 years of age were nonsignificant. When the initial values and the
      rate of change in blood pressure from 9 to 18 years of age were taken into
      account simultaneously, they accounted for approximately 20% of the variation in
      systolic blood pressure levels at 30 years of age. This finding indicates that
      children with higher blood pressure levels at about 9 years of age and with rapid
      increases in blood pressure during pubescence may have an increased risk of
      becoming hypertensive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030040
TI  - Endogenous angiotensin-aldosterone-pressure relationships during sodium
      restriction.
AB  - The effects of moderate restriction of dietary sodium and potassium
      supplementation on plasma levels of renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and
      cortisol and on arterial pressure were studied in 12 patients with mild essential
      hypertension. To define hormone-blood pressure relationships, venous hormone
      levels were measured hourly and intra-arterial pressure continuously for 24 hours
      after 4 to 6 weeks of sodium restriction, 4 to 6 weeks of potassium
      supplementation, and a similar period of control diet. Our results show that
      compared with the control diet, moderate sodium restriction was associated with
      increased levels of aldosterone but no overall change in renin, angiotensin II,
      or cortisol levels. Further, slopes of regression lines relating log renin and
      log angiotensin II to aldosterone were increased, as were log
      cortisol/aldosterone regression lines. On the contrary, regression lines of log
      renin and log angiotensin II versus arterial pressure were unaltered by sodium
      restriction. Hormone and blood pressure relationships were not changed by the
      potassium supplemented diet. Although confirmatory data are needed, our findings
      suggest that moderate sodium restriction enhances aldosterone responsiveness to
      endogenous angiotensin II and adrenocorticotropic hormone without diminishing the
      pressor activity of endogenous angiotensin II. These results may explain in part
      the disappointingly small hypotensive effect of modest sodium restriction in mild
      essential hypertension.

PMID- 4030042
TI  - Inability of dorsal spinal rhizotomy to prevent renal wrap hypertension in rats.
AB  - Renal hypertension has been shown to be prevented and reversed by renal
      denervation. It has been postulated that the afferent nerves from the kidney are
      responsible for mediating the hypertensive stimulus that activates the
      sympathetic nervous system and increases arterial pressure. This study was
      designed to directly test the hypothesis that the afferent renal nerves are
      necessary for the development and maintenance of renal hypertension. In the first
      experiment, dorsal spinal rhizotomies or sham rhizotomies were performed in rats
      between T9 and L1, through which afferent renal nerves have been shown to
      traverse. After the one-kidney, one-wrap procedure, the increase in systolic
      arterial pressure and water intake was similar in the two groups of rats. To
      determine whether the removal of afferent renal nerves reversed the hypertensive
      process, animals with established renal hypertension were subjected to dorsal
      rhizotomy or the sham-rhizotomy procedure. Again, there was no significant effect
      on systolic arterial pressure and water intake. Although combined dorsal and
      ventral rhizotomy and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy did not affect the onset of
      hypertension, spinal transection at the level of C8 effectively prevented the
      rise in arterial pressure. Although efferent neural mechanisms contribute to the
      hypertensive process, these studies suggest that afferent renal nerves are not
      directly involved in the development and maintenance of one-kidney, one-wrap
      renal hypertension.

PMID- 4030044
TI  - Role of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine in blood pressure regulation in
      rats.
AB  - The role of an endogenously occurring acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine
      (AGEPC) in blood pressure regulation was studied with an AGEPC antagonist in rats
      with hypertension of various etiologies. The hypotensive activity of an
      intravenously injected AGEPC was competitively suppressed by the intravenous
      infusion of 3-(N-n-octadecylcarbamoyloxy)-2-methoxypropyl-2-thiazolioethylphospha
      te (CV-3988) and was dose-dependent. The CV-3988 was infused intravenously into
      one- and two-kidney, one clip hypertensive, deoxycorticosterone-salt
      hypertensive, adrenal regeneration hypertensive, spontaneously hypertensive, and
      normotensive control rats. The increase in blood pressure caused by CV-3988
      infusion in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive control rats was
      significant (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively, at 60 min)
      compared with that caused by vehicle infusion. The increase was not seen in rats
      with secondary hypertension. In rats with two-kidney, one clip hypertension, the
      initial rapid decrease in blood pressure seen after unclipping was significantly
      (p less than 0.05) inhibited by CV-3988 infusion as compared with that by vehicle
      infusion. These results suggest that endogenous AGEPC may participate in the
      blood pressure regulation and pathophysiology of some forms of hypertension in
      rats.

PMID- 4030043
TI  - Cardiac mass and peripheral vascular structure in hydralazine-treated
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - We have examined the effect of antihypertensive treatment on heart weight and on
      structural and functional characteristics of isolated mesenteric resistance
      vessels (internal diameter 170-220 micron) in spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR) and in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The SHR and WKY were treated with
      hydralazine from the age of 4 weeks and were examined at ages 12 to 14 weeks and
      23 to 27 weeks. Treated SHR had a mean blood pressure as much as 29% below that
      of control WKY, which in turn was 25 to 40% less than that of control SHR. In 12-
      to 14-week-old rats the heart to body weight ratio (which in control SHR was 13%
      greater than of WKY) was unaffected by treatment. Thereafter, the heart to body
      weight ratio of treated SHR did not increase as much as usual. At both ages, the
      media thickness and contractile response of the resistance vessels of the SHR
      (which were, respectively, 37% and 30% greater than those of vessels of WKY) were
      unaffected by treatment. However, because treatment caused a small (8%) increase
      in the lumen diameter of the vessels of the SHR, treatment did cause small, but
      possibly physiologically important, decreases both in the media to lumen ratio
      (11%) and in the pressure against which these vessels would have been able to
      contract (10%). Treatment had little effect on the pharmacological
      characteristics of vessels of either SHR or WKY. The results suggest that the
      increased heart weight, media thickness, and contractile response in mesenteric
      resistance vessels of SHR up to ages 23 to 27 weeks are due primarily to factors
      other than increased pressure.

PMID- 4030045
TI  - Exercise training attenuates stress-induced hypertension in the rat.
AB  - The ability of exercise training to block the generation of hypertension produced
      by chronic stress in the borderline hypertensive rat was tested. Twenty-three
      male borderline hypertensive rats, F1 offspring of spontaneously hypertensive and
      Wistar-Kyoto rats, were divided into three groups. Two groups (8 rats per group)
      were subjected to 2 hours of daily, predictable, uncontrollable tail shock for 12
      weeks. One of these groups was also given 2 hours of daily swim stress (exercise
      trained). A third group served as a maturation control and received neither
      intervention (n = 7). After 12 weeks of stress, direct recording of blood
      pressure verified the pattern observed with tail cuff: shock only group, 180/118
      +/- 3/3 mm Hg; exercise-trained and shocked group, 166/108 +/- 4/2 mm Hg; and
      control group, 160/98 +/- 6/4 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM). Systolic and diastolic blood
      pressures in the shock only group were significantly higher than in both the
      other groups (p less than 0.05). The control group differed from the exercise
      trained and shocked group only in diastolic BP (p less than 0.05). During a short
      term stress session plasma norepinephrine levels in the exercise-trained and
      shocked group were significantly lower than those in the shock only group (555 +/
      56 vs 776 +/- 84 pg/ml; p less than 0.05). These results indicate that an
      alteration of autonomic function resulted from the exercise training, but its
      contribution to the resistance of the exercise-trained and shocked rats to stress
      induced hypertension is unclear.

PMID- 4030046
TI  - Angiotensinogen levels in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of the genetically
      hypertensive rat.
AB  - The present experiments were designed to document changes in the regional
      distribution of angiotensinogen in the rat brain with the development of
      hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) relative to age-matched
      normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Levels of angiotensinogen were measured in
      discrete brain nuclei and cerebrospinal fluid from rats at 4, 7, and 16 weeks of
      age and in cerebrospinal fluid obtained by cisternal puncture at 7 and 16 weeks.
      Age-dependent changes in angiotensinogen were found, with levels higher in both
      strains at 4 weeks of age compared with 7 or 16 weeks. In contrast, plasma levels
      of angiotensinogen were essentially the inverse of the brain levels, low at 4
      weeks and higher at 7 and 16 weeks. Levels in a number of regions adjacent to the
      rostral third ventricle from the 4-week-old SHR (prehypertensive phase) were
      significantly elevated relative to the WKY (p less than 0.05), while levels in
      the amygdala and posterior hypothalamus were significantly lower in the SHR (p
      less than 0.05). In 7-week-old rats (evolving phase), levels in nine brain
      regions were significantly elevated in the SHR relative to the WKY and included
      the nucleus tractus solitarii (p less than 0.01). Unlike the prehypertensive and
      evolving phases, in 16-week-old rats (maintenance phase) only two brain areas,
      the nucleus of the diagonal band and the lateral hypothalamus, had significantly
      elevated levels in the SHR (p less than 0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid levels of
      angiotensinogen did not correlate well with brain levels of
      angiotensinogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030047
TI  - Mesenteric vascular reactivity in dexamethasone-treated hypertensive rats.
AB  - Possible alterations in mesenteric vascular reactivity to norepinephrine,
      angiotensin II, and arginine vasopressin and its relationship to prostaglandins
      in dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rats were investigated. The animals were
      treated with dexamethasone or its vehicle (sesame oil) for 1 day (1.8 mg/kg) and
      for 14 days (1.8 mg/kg/wk). The superior mesenteric artery with its branches was
      isolated and perfused with Tyrode's solution at a constant flow rate of 5 ml/min.
      Administration of norepinephrine (1-10 nmol), arginine vasopressin (0.03-0.3
      nmol), or angiotensin II (0.1-1 nmol) produced vasoconstriction and increased the
      output of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 in a dose-related
      manner in mesenteric vessels. Administration of 10 nmol bradykinin or 19 nmol
      A23187 enhanced the output of prostaglandins without altering vascular tone. The
      vasoconstrictor response to arginine vasopressin, but not norepinephrine or
      angiotensin II, was enhanced in mesenteric vessels from rats treated with
      dexamethasone for 14 days but not for 1 day. In contrast, the output of basal as
      well as norepinephrine, arginine vasopressin, angiotensin II, bradykinin, or
      A23187-induced prostaglandin output was significantly reduced in mesenteric
      vessels from rats treated with dexamethasone for 1 or 14 days. Prostaglandin
      output in mesenteric arteries from rats treated with dexamethasone for 1 and 14
      days was not different. These data indicate that dexamethasone treatment for
      longer but not for shorter periods results in a selective increase in vascular
      reactivity of mesenteric vessels to arginine vasopressin that is independent of
      prostaglandin synthesis. The increase in vascular reactivity to arginine
      vasopressin during long-term dexamethasone treatment may contribute to the
      development or maintenance, or both, of glucocorticoid-induced hypertension.

PMID- 4030048
TI  - Endogenous opiate peptides, stress reactivity, and risk for hypertension.
AB  - Endogenous opiate peptides can regulate neuroendocrine and circulatory responses
      to behavioral stress and may be important in the pathogenic effects of
      sympathoadrenal reactivity. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effect of
      the opiate antagonist naloxone on blood pressure responses to behavioral stress
      in young adults with high, medium, or low casual blood pressures. Naloxone
      increased mean arterial pressure responses to stress in subjects with low casual
      pressure, but had no significant effect on responses in subjects with high casual
      pressure. These results suggest opioidergic inhibition of sympathetic nervous
      system responses may be deficient in persons at risk for essential hypertension.

PMID- 4030050
TI  - Hypertension in a 74-year-old man with hydronephrosis and coronary disease.

PMID- 4030049
TI  - NIH report on research challenges in nutrition and hypertension.

PMID- 4030051
TI  - Sodium chloride, extracellular fluid volume, and hypertension.

PMID- 4030052
TI  - C-reactive protein in clinical practice.

PMID- 4030053
TI  - Meningococcal disease in Delhi.

PMID- 4030054
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid sialic acid in tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 4030055
TI  - Copper studies in liver disorders.

PMID- 4030056
TI  - Perinatal mortality.

PMID- 4030057
TI  - Social factors influencing infant mortality.

PMID- 4030058
TI  - C-reactive protein in neonatal infections.

PMID- 4030059
TI  - Breast milk composition in relation to gestation.

PMID- 4030060
TI  - Double versus single surface phototherapy in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 4030061
TI  - Cystic angiomatosis of bone.

PMID- 4030062
TI  - Increased incidence of pyogenic meningitis in Agra.

PMID- 4030063
TI  - [Vitamin A in the serum of healthy probands and clinical groups].
AB  - The estimation of vitamin A in serum of patients suffering from different
      diseases (M. Crohn, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Liver cirrhosis, Renal
      insufficiency, Carcinoma of Prostate, ENT-Carcinomas) and healthy controls by
      means of a recent developed method (HPLC) is reported. Decreased and increased
      vitamin A serum levels had been reported in literature during different diseases
      but we could not reveal identical results in all cases. Significantly lowered
      values were only estimated in patients suffering from liver cirrhosis whereas
      increased vitamin A serum levels were determined during renal insufficiency. In
      hypo- or hyperthyroidism there was no difference from healthy persons. In
      patients with Crohn's disease the distribution of vitamin A concentrations in
      serum was bimodal, probably depending on extension and localization of the
      process. Patients with carcinoma of the prostate had only minor deviations from
      the normal value, whereas patients with tumors of the larynx had in part very low
      vitamin A concentrations with a bimodal distribution. Causes for the deviations
      and consequences for the assessment of the vitamin A status of patients under
      intravenous alimentation are discussed.

PMID- 4030064
TI  - [Efficacy of early amino acid substitution in gastrectomized patients].
AB  - Postaggression metabolism is characterized by decisive, hormone dependent
      metabolic changes. All reactions are directed with top priority toward ensuring
      the energy supply. To this end glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis are
      increased. Since this reaction of the organism can barely be influenced and it
      appears to be teleologically purposeful, many authors have repeatedly attempted
      to achieve a utilization of nutrients as high and economic as possible using an
      infusion regimen adapted to these conditions. We studied the efficiency of one
      such adapted nutritional regimen during the first four postoperative days in 10
      patients who had undergone gastrectomy. The patients were given 1 g/kg B.W. daily
      of an amino acid solution adapted to postaggression metabolism, plus 4 g/kg B.W.
      carbohydrates. We found that clinically relevant parameters such as glucose in
      serum, triglycerides in serum and pre-albumin could be kept in the reference
      range. Amino acid homeostasis remained stable under the infusion of the stress
      adapted amino acid solution. A rise in urea production was not observed. We
      conclude that good conditions for an economic utilization of the amino acids were
      created by the infusion regimen selected by us. These results probably can still
      be optimized by targetted preoperative nutrition with the goal of improving the
      protein status of such patients already during the preoperative phase.

PMID- 4030065
TI  - [Continuous measurement of oxygen uptake using the Engstrom Metabolic Computer].
AB  - A new system for continuous measurement of oxygen uptake was tested (EMC).
      Delivered tidal volumes of the system, the accuracy of the oxygen sensor cell,
      measurement of the oxygen uptake related to different inspiratory oxygen
      concentrations as well as comparative tests of oxygen uptake according to Fick's
      principle were studied. Furthermore, we looked for possible leakages in the
      system. Following to our results even thorough maintenance could not entirely
      prevent leakages. There was a remarkable increase in measured oxygen uptake if
      inspiratory oxygen concentration was increased. While carbon-dioxide output was
      measured at constant levels this led to low respiratory quotients, some of these
      were less than 0.5. This was caused by a construction error of the system which
      could be corrected in the meantime. In 70 comparative tests of oxygen uptake
      between EMC and Fick's principle (measurement of cardiac output and arteriovenous
      oxygen content difference) we found a mean difference of about 10% (p less than
      or equal to 0.001) with nearly identical standard deviations. The EMC measured
      the higher oxygen uptake. Based on our experience the EMC is suitable for
      continuous measurement of oxygen uptake but it needs good knowledge of the system
      and the underlying measuring procedures. Additional technical improvements seem
      to be possible.

PMID- 4030066
TI  - Avoidance of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, following fractures of the
      femoral neck, by early reduction and internal fixation.
AB  - Clinical, experimental and post-mortem studies suggest that avascular necrosis of
      the femoral head following fractures of the neck of the femur, is due to
      compression, torsion, stretching or rupture of the blood vessels by displacement
      of the fragments. If this is true then urgent reduction and internal fixation are
      important in the prevention of this complication. This study shows that those
      cases which were submitted to early reduction and internal fixation had a reduced
      incidence in severity of avascular necrosis compared with those in whom operation
      was delayed. Therefore it is proposed that fractures of the femoral neck should
      be treated by early reduction and internal fixation.

PMID- 4030067
TI  - Infected non-union of a femur treated with a vascularized fibular graft.

PMID- 4030068
TI  - Accident and emergency content of general surgical workload.
AB  - In a 12-month period from 1 January to 31 December 1982, 1064 patients were
      admitted under the care of one consultant general surgeon. Of these, 485 came
      through the Accident and Emergency (A & E) Department; details of their
      management are presented. All the data were collected prospectively, stored on
      microcomputer discs and later analysed. The surgical cases provided adequate
      material for training but the planning of curricula did not allow all the A & E
      trainees to be adequately exposed to it. Head injuries accounted for nearly one
      third of the emergency workload and were well managed, but more children with
      this diagnosis were admitted than was necessary. About one-quarter of the
      investigations performed did not contribute usefully to management; adequate
      discussion between the laboratories and clinicians and the laying-down of written
      guidelines may reduce the number of unnecessary investigations. A system which
      enables casualty officers to follow up the patients whom they admit will help
      trainees to confirm or refute their initial diagnostic impressions, and should be
      encouraged. A knowledge of the number, type and outcome of treatment of general
      surgical cases passing through the A & E Department is important in planning
      curricula and also for allocating resources.

PMID- 4030069
TI  - Radiolucent plastic in gunshot wounds.
AB  - We present two patients who suffered a total of three close-range gunshot wounds.
      In each injury plastic shot-retaining wadding had been carried deep into the
      tissues but this was not apparent on the initial radiographs. The presence of
      such plastic wadding must be considered in all such wounds.

PMID- 4030070
TI  - The mechanics of skull traction calipers.
AB  - The relationship between the torque applied to the loading screw and the load
      required to pull off Cone's type of skull traction caliper was established on
      cadavers. It was found that at a torque of 0.7 Newton metres (Nm), which
      corresponds to a compressive force of 13 lb (58 N) on the skull, the caliper
      became detached at the maximum traction load of 60 lb, but still held during this
      traction load at compressive forces above 18 lb (80 N). Clinically, an
      instrumented load cell was incorporated into one of the fixing pins on a skull
      traction caliper and it was found that the compressive load fell on average by 15
      per cent over a period of 21 days of traction. Taking into account this fall in
      load with time and the limiting torque for pull-out with a traction force of 60
      lb (265 N) it is suggested, for complete clinical safety, that a compressive load
      of 20 lb (88 N) obtained at a torque of 0.85 Nm should be applied to the loading
      screw of a Cone's type of caliper. Using these values in a loading analysis of
      the securing pins, suggestions are made as to the ideal design of skull traction
      calipers and the shortcomings of various designs of existing calipers are
      discussed, in particular the pins' lengths, compressive load and the pins'
      placement.

PMID- 4030071
TI  - Haematoma block--a safe method of reducing Colles' fractures.
AB  - A total of 136 patients required an anaesthetic to enable distal fractures of the
      forearm to be reduced. There were no significant differences in the numbers
      requiring remanipulation between the three methods employed: haematoma block,
      Bier's block or general anaesthesia. The advantages of the haematoma block are
      discussed.

PMID- 4030072
TI  - The effect of seat belt legislation on injuries sustained by car occupants.
AB  - Details are given of the injuries sustained by 402 car drivers, 209 front seat
      passengers and 147 back seat passengers involved in road accidents during the two
      4-month periods before and after the introduction of the compulsory wearing of
      seat belts on 1 February 1983. Comparisons are made between the injury patterns
      in those wearing and not wearing seat belts and in back seat passengers.

PMID- 4030073
TI  - An unusual complication of external cardiac massage.

PMID- 4030074
TI  - Isolated pancreatic damage following seat belt injury.
AB  - A case is reported of a 25-year-old male driver who suffered blunt injury to the
      abdomen by a seat belt at the time of a road traffic accident. The pancreas was
      the only organ disrupted and this gave rise to traumatic pancreatitis followed by
      a pseudocyst. The delay in clinical signs is emphasized and the management
      described.

PMID- 4030075
TI  - Late jejunal perforation following blunt injury.

PMID- 4030076
TI  - Traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistula.

PMID- 4030077
TI  - Hangman's fracture in ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 4030078
TI  - Fracture of the body of the sternum associated with the use of static seat belts.
AB  - Four cases of fracture of the body of the sternum associated with the use of a
      static type of seat belt are reported. We wish to draw attention to an easily
      missed fracture in patients surviving a road traffic accident.

PMID- 4030079
TI  - Superior dislocation of the patella.

PMID- 4030080
TI  - Superior glenohumeral dislocation--a case report.

PMID- 4030081
TI  - Intraperitoneal foreign bodies passed via the umbilicus.

PMID- 4030082
TI  - Omental injury in a hernial sac.

PMID- 4030083
TI  - Dislocation of the superior tibiofibular joint.
AB  - Derangements of the superior tibiofibular joint are divided into anterolateral,
      posteromedial and superior dislocations and chronic instability. Two cases of
      anterolateral dislocation, both needing open reduction, are presented together
      with a case of posteromedial dislocation.

PMID- 4030084
TI  - Immediate radial nerve palsy complicating fracture of the shaft of the humerus:
      when is early exploration justified?
AB  - A series of 59 patients with immediate complete radial nerve palsy complicating a
      fracture of the shaft of the humerus was analysed. In 27 patients the radial
      nerve was explored and the fracture was fixed within 3 weeks of the accident. In
      12 other patients exploration was performed after an average of 17 weeks. The
      remaining 20 patients showed signs of spontaneous recovery within 4 months and
      were managed conservatively. The mean follow-up time was 3 years. At exploration,
      laceration, interposition between the fragments or entrapment of the radial nerve
      in callus was found significantly (P less than 0.01) more often with longitudinal
      fractures of the distal third (46 per cent) than with transverse fractures of the
      middle third, in which 85 per cent of the explored cases showed the nerve to be
      no more than slightly bruised. Useful recovery was seen in 46 patients (78 per
      cent of the whole series).

PMID- 4030085
TI  - Pseudo-abusive human bite marks in a Chinese infant.

PMID- 4030086
TI  - Relationships between levels of lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase, and
      secretory immunoglobulin A in stimulated parotid saliva.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that salivary lysozyme (Lz), lactoferrin (Lf), peroxidase
      (Spx), and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) may interact in a common
      antimicrobial system. A multiple protein approach therefore may be needed to
      determine the role of this system in oral health and ecology. In the present
      study we investigate the relationships between levels of Lz, Lf, Spx, and sIgA
      (adjusted for flow rate and total protein) in stimulated parotid saliva from 44
      dental students. Principal components analysis was used to determine major
      patterns of intercorrelation between variables; cluster analysis was used to
      identify groups of subjects with similar salivary profiles for Lz, Lf, Spx, and
      sIgA. Spx tended to vary independently of Lz and Lf, which, in turn, tended to
      vary together. sIgA showed a weak negative relationship with Spx and a weak
      positive relationship with Lz and Lf. Six major clusters of subjects with similar
      antimicrobial protein profiles were found. These were significantly different at
      P less than 0.0001. Spx was the most important determinant of cluster membership
      followed (in order of importance) by Lz, Lf, and sIgA. Cluster profiles were Spx
      , sIgAmu, Lf-, Lz-; Spx-, sIgA+, Lfmu, Lz+; Spxmu, sIgAmu, Lfmu, Lzmu; Spx+, sIgA
      , Lf-, Lz-; Spx+, sIgAmu, Lf+, Lz-; and Spx+, sIgAmu, Lf+, Lz+ (-, mu, and +
      refer to the position of the cluster mean each variable relative to the overall
      mean for that variable). Results suggest that clusters may be a product of
      independent variation in the secretory activity of acinar and intercalated duct
      cells.

PMID- 4030087
TI  - Detection of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene and related DNA sequences in
      Vibrio parahaemolyticus and other vibrio species by the DNA colony hybridization
      test.
AB  - A specific gene probe for the Vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct
      hemolysin gene was constructed and used to examine the presence or absence of the
      thermostable direct hemolysin gene or related DNA sequences in V.
      parahaemolyticus and other vibrios by the DNA colony hybridization method. The
      gene probe consisted of a 406-base-pair, completely internal fragment covering
      71% of the structural gene with PstI linkers added to the ends. Six copies of
      this 415-base-pair PstI fragment were cloned into plasmid pBR322, which yielded
      large amounts of the probe DNA. One hundred forty-one V. parahaemolyticus strains
      were tested with the gene probe, and the results were compared with those of
      phenotypic assays for the thermostable direct hemolysin. All Kanagawa phenomenon
      positive strains were gene positive. However, 86% of the strains that exhibited
      weak Kanagawa phenomenon and 16% of Kanagawa phenomenon-negative strains also
      reacted with the gene probe. Immunological methods for the detection of the
      thermostable direct hemolysin (modified Elek test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay) showed better correlation with gene probe results. All gene-positive
      strains produced hemolysin detectable in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,
      although occasional strains showed weak reaction. The modified Elek test was
      slightly less sensitive than the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All gene
      negative strains were also negative in these immunological assays. One hundred
      twenty-one strains of Vibrio spp. other than V. parahaemolyticus were tested with
      the gene probe; only Vibrio hollisae strains reacted with the probe under
      stringent conditions.

PMID- 4030088
TI  - Relationship between gingival crevicular fluid and serum antibody titers in young
      adults with generalized and localized periodontitis.
AB  - The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between
      concentrations of antibodies in serum and those in gingival crevicular fluid
      (GCF) of patients with juvenile periodontitis and severe periodontitis. Most
      antigens used to quantitate antibodies were obtained from a panel of bacteria
      associated with juvenile periodontitis or severe periodontitis. We further
      investigated variation in antibody titer among different periodontal sites and
      the extent to which antibody in GCF is locally derived. Titers of antibody, total
      immunoglobulin G (IgG), and human serum albumin were determined with sensitive
      radioimmunoassays. The relationship between serum and GCF antibody was complex.
      Both person-to-person variability and marked variability within the same subject
      were found among different sites of similar clinical status. The site-to-site
      variability was found not only for antibody reactive with periodontal organisms,
      but also for antitetanus toxoid, total IgG, and even human serum albumin.
      Generally the variability was in the degree of depression of the level in GCF
      relative to that in serum. However, anti-Bacteroides gingivalis and anti
      Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in GCF often exceeded the level in serum.
      When antibody titers in serum and GCF were calculated per milligram of human
      serum albumin, most of the apparent depressions of antibody in GCF disappeared.
      The ratio of antibody in serum to that in GCF approached unity for all organisms
      except B. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4, which were markedly
      elevated. Furthermore, the level of IgG per milligram of human serum albumin in
      GCF was about twice the level in serum. We believe that human serum albumin
      reflects serum contribution to the GCF, and we therefore attribute the increased
      level of IgG per milligram of albumin in GCF to local synthesis. It appears that
      anti-B. gingivalis and anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans represent an important
      portion of this local antibody synthesis, since most seropositive patients with
      severe or juvenile periodontitis had at least one site elevated, and the
      magnitudes of the elevations were large in many sites. Those sites yielding
      elevated antibody exhibited no obvious differences in clinical parameters of
      probeable depth or attachment level as compared with sites in which antibody
      levels in GCF were similar to serum levels. Elevated antibody in GCF may relate
      to changes in disease activity that are not detectable by usual clinical
      measures.

PMID- 4030089
TI  - Bacteroides endodontalis and other black-pigmented Bacteroides species in
      odontogenic abscesses.
AB  - Twenty-eight odontogenic abscesses were examined for the presence of black
      pigmented Bacteroides spp. Of the 28 samples, 26 were found to contain one or
      more species of black-pigmented Bacteroides. Abscesses were divided into three
      categories according to the tissue of origin: endodontal, periodontal, and
      pericoronal. Four abscesses which developed after extraction were also examined.
      It was found that Bacteroides endodontalis, a newly described species of
      asaccharolytic black-pigmented Bacteroides, was isolated almost exclusively from
      periapical abscesses of endodontal origin. B. intermedius proved to be the most
      frequently isolated species in all of the samples. B. gingivalis was present in
      all of the periodontal abscesses studied, as well as in two endodontal abscesses.
      B. melaninogenicus was recovered once from a pericoronal abscess. Precautions for
      the isolation of B. endodontalis are discussed.

PMID- 4030090
TI  - Protection of rabbits against experimental pasteurellosis by vaccination with a
      potassium thiocyanate extract of Pasteurella multocida.
AB  - Antigens were extracted from a virulent isolate of Pasteurella multocida
      (serotype 3, 12, 15:D) with potassium thiocyanate, and a vaccine was prepared.
      Pasteurella-free rabbits were vaccinated intranasally and intraconjuctivally
      twice with a 2-week interval and challenged intranasally with the homologous P.
      multocida serotype 2 weeks after the second vaccination. The vaccinated rabbits
      produced serum immunoglobulin G and nasal mucosal immunoglobulin A against P.
      multocida. The vaccine protected the challenged rabbits against clinical disease
      and death; however, otitis media was not prevented, and microscopic inflammatory
      lesions were occasionally noted in the lungs and nasal turbinates. In contrast,
      nonvaccinated, challenged rabbits became febrile, dyspnic, depressed, and
      anorectic, and five of six died within 4 days of challenge with severe lesions
      including pneumonia, pleuritis, otitis media, and bacteremia. The vaccine
      prevented death and colonization of challenge organisms in the blood and lung,
      but did not prevent colonization of the middle ear. The vaccine alone did not
      cause clinical disease or gross lesions, but did produce microscopic pulmonary
      inflammatory lesions.

PMID- 4030091
TI  - Ultrastructural study of ehrlichial organisms in the large colons of ponies
      infected with Potomac horse fever.
AB  - Potomac horse fever is characterized by fever, anorexia, leukopenia, profuse
      watery diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality. An ultrastructural
      investigation was made to search for any unusual microorganisms in the digestive
      system, lymphatic organs, and blood cells of ponies that had developed clinical
      signs after transfusion with whole blood from horses naturally infected with
      Potomac horse fever. A consistent finding was the presence of rickettsial
      organisms in the wall of the intestinal tract of these ponies. The organisms were
      found mostly in the wall of the large colon, but fewer organisms were found in
      the small colon, jejunum, and cecum. The organisms were also detected in cultured
      blood monocytes. In the intestinal wall, many microorganisms were
      intracytoplasmic in deep glandular epithelial cells and mast cells.
      Microorganisms were also found in macrophages migrating between glandular
      epithelial cells in the lamina propria and submucosa. The microorganisms were
      round, very pleomorphic, and surrounded by a host membrane. They contained fine
      strands of DNA and ribosomes and were surrounded by double bileaflet membranes.
      Their ultrastructure was very similar to that of the genus Ehrlichia, a member of
      the family Rickettsiaceae. The high frequency of detection of the organism in the
      wall of the intestinal tract, especially in the large colon, indicates the
      presence of organotrophism in this organism. Infected blood monocytes may be the
      vehicle for transmission between organs and between animals. The characteristic
      severe diarrhea may be induced by the organism directly by impairing epithelial
      cell functions or indirectly by perturbing infected macrophages and mast cells in
      the intestinal wall or by both.

PMID- 4030092
TI  - Causative ehrlichial organisms in Potomac horse fever.
AB  - An ehrlichia was consistently isolated from the peripheral blood leukocyte
      fraction of ponies that had been experimentally infected with Potomac horse fever
      by whole blood transfusion from naturally infected horses. The organism was
      propagated in a human histiocyte cell line for 3 to 5 weeks and then inoculated
      intravenously or intradermally into healthy adult ponies. Clinical signs of
      Potomac horse fever, which varied in the degree of severity, occurred 9 to 14
      days post-inoculation in all of the ponies. One pony died 20 days post
      inoculation. The ehrlichial organism was reisolated in the human histiocyte cell
      line from the blood leukocyte fraction of all of the experimental ponies on each
      day that samples were examined (days 9, 10, 11, 19, and 39). These organisms were
      identical to those originally detected in the wall of the intestine of ponies
      with clinically diagnosed Potomac horse fever when compared by light and electron
      microscopy and an immunofluorescence labeling technique. The immunofluorescent
      antibody titer became positive in a pony at 20 days postinjection. These results
      indicate that the ehrlichial organisms is the causative agent of Potomac horse
      fever.

PMID- 4030093
TI  - Quantitative analysis of cell walls of nutritionally variant streptococci grown
      under various growth conditions.
AB  - Strains of nutritionally variant streptococci are usually isolated from patients
      with subacute bacterial endocarditis. Only recently have these strains been
      subdivided into three serotypes; however, no group-specific antigen has been
      described. To understand the immunochemical basis for the serology of these
      microorganisms as well as set the groundwork for adherence studies, quantitative
      analysis of the cell walls of nutritionally variant streptococci was undertaken.
      The bacteria were grown in semisynthetic medium or pyridoxal-supplemented Todd
      Hewitt broth and harvested during the exponential or stationary phase. Cell walls
      were isolated and analyzed for amino sugars, sugars, polyalcohols, amino acids,
      and phosphorus by gas chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, or
      colorimetric assays. The peptidoglycans of the cell walls of the prototype
      strains from the three serotypes were representative of other streptococcal cell
      walls, including the presence of alanine as the possible cross-bridge. The
      composition of the peptidoglycan was similar for all three strains and included a
      decreased concentration of peptidoglycan in their cell walls during the
      stationary phase. Glucosamine, glucose, galactose, ribitol, and a small amount of
      rhamnose were found in each of the cell wall polysaccharides. Galactosamine was
      only found in serotype II and III cell walls and might be responsible for the
      previously described cross-reaction between these strains. The concentration of
      the other sugars and amino sugars varied in each of the cell wall preparations,
      depending on the growth conditions. Finally, all three strains expressed both
      ribitol and phosphorus in their cell walls, characteristic of the presence of a
      ribitol teichoic acid. Therefore the cell wall composition of the nutritionally
      variant streptococci varies depending on the growth conditions, and their
      composition appears similar to that of strains of Streptococcus mitis.

PMID- 4030094
TI  - Immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G responses in BALB/c mice to conjugated
      outer membrane extracts of four Salmonella serotypes.
AB  - Outer membranes (OMs) of Salmonella enteritidis, S. anatum, S. typhimurium, and
      S. infantis were extracted and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to form a large
      macromolecular antigen. The antigen consisted of OM proteins and
      lipopolysaccharide and was designated 4-OMP-LPS. Polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of extracted OMs from each serotype revealed differences in
      protein profiles. S. enteritidis and S. infantis possessed a greater variety of
      proteins than did S. anatum and S. typhimurium. Immunizations with 4-OMP-LPS in
      phosphate-buffered saline (4-OMP-LPS-C) and 4-OMP-LPS emulsified with muramyl
      dipeptide in the oil phase of a hexadecane-water emulsion (4-OMP-LPS-MDP)
      revealed that BALB/c mice were capable of eliciting specific primary and
      secondary immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG responses. Both antigen preparations
      were capable of eliciting IgM and IgG specific for the cell surfaces of each live
      Salmonella serotype. Also, 4-OMP-LPS-MDP and 4-OMP-LPS-C were capable of evoking
      a substantial anamnestic response. Adsorption studies revealed that the combined
      serotypes had the antigenic capacity to adsorb up to 94% of the antibodies, but 4
      OMP-LPS-MDP antibodies were more effectively adsorbed than were 4-OMP-LPS-C
      antibodies. Adsorption of pooled antiserum with heterologous bacteria yielded a
      variety of adsorption profiles.

PMID- 4030095
TI  - Identification of chitin as a structural component of Giardia cysts.
AB  - The intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia is a significant cause of diarrheal
      disease, which is perpetuated by the infective cyst form of the parasite.
      Although a rational approach to the control of giardiasis would be to inhibit
      cyst formation, nothing is known of the chemical composition of the cyst wall or
      of its biosynthesis. In these studies, we have shown that chitin is a major
      structural component of G. lamblia and G. muris cyst walls. This conclusion is
      based on the finding that chitinase specifically destroys the cyst wall, as
      revealed by electron microscopy. The presence of chitin was also shown directly
      by lectin binding studies. Of 12 lectins with diverse carbohydrate recognition
      specificity, only the N-acetylglucosamine-specific lectins wheat germ agglutinin,
      succinylated wheat germ agglutinin, and tomato lectin bound to cyst walls, as
      shown by fluorescence microscopy and cytochemistry. Wheat germ agglutinin binding
      was completely abolished by treatment of the cysts with purified chitinase. This
      effect was specific since it could be prevented by incubating the enzyme with
      chitin before treatment of the cysts. Treatment of cysts with N-acetyl-beta
      glucosaminidase partially inhibited wheat germ agglutinin binding, whereas other
      glycosidases and proteases had no effect. These findings indicate that chitin is
      a major structural component of Giardia cyst walls and raise the possibility that
      inhibitors of chitin synthesis may be of use in preventing encystation and thus
      controlling spread of the disease.

PMID- 4030096
TI  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 and Escherichia coli K-12 strain 37 were grown
      under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In cell extracts of both strains,
      pyruvate dehydrogenase activity dependent on thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A,
      and NAD was shown. The enzyme was induced by pyruvate in the growth medium, and
      there was higher activity in aerobically grown cells than in anaerobically grown
      cells. Acetyl phosphate was a potent inhibitor of the activity. This inhibition
      was partly overcome by inorganic phosphate.

PMID- 4030097
TI  - An in vitro system to study listericidal capacity of macrophages from separate
      mice: resident macrophages exhibit different activation patterns.
AB  - An in vitro system with macrophages from individual mice was established to study
      their listericidal capacity. Because no antibiotics were used, bacterial killing
      was really due to macrophages in short-term culture. To restrict the
      extracellular growth of bacteria, cell culture medium was changed at 1-h
      intervals. We demonstrated that intracellular growth of listeria in macrophage
      pools from untreated animals varies considerably. Obviously, preactivated
      macrophages are constantly present, so that the common procedure of using
      macrophage pools from several animals is no longer acceptable. In addition, we
      demonstrated that in vitro mixtures of listeria-immune macrophages of one animal
      with cells from untreated animals at different ratios exhibit enhanced bacterial
      killing above a mere additive effect. Consequently, by using macrophages from
      individual untreated mice, we found that cells of different animals exhibited
      various activation stages, although unstimulated, inbred specific-pathogen-free
      mice of the same age, weight, and sex were used. When equal numbers of
      macrophages from untreated separate animals were mixed in vitro, intracellular
      growth of listeria was only moderate; that is, the number of preactivated
      macrophages of the individual animals determined listerial growth in the pooled
      preparation. Furthermore, we showed that identical doses of phorbol myristate
      acetate exerted different effects on the listericidal activities of macrophages
      as a function of their preactivation states. These experiments clearly
      demonstrate the advantage of using macrophages from individual mice for in vitro
      studies of macrophage activation.

PMID- 4030098
TI  - Growth inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by cellular extracts of human
      intestinal lactic acid bacteria.
AB  - The in vitro growth of Streptococcus mutans was completely inhibited by water
      soluble extracts from cells of various intestinal lactic acid bacteria identified
      as Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus equinus, Lactobacillus fermentum, and
      Lactobacillus salivarius. The growth inhibition was dependent on the
      concentrations of the extracts. In contrast, the extracts did not inhibit the
      growth of the major indigenous intestinal lactic acid bacteria isolated from
      humans. These lactic acid bacteria were not acutely toxic in mice.

PMID- 4030099
TI  - Opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of Legionella micdadei by polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.
AB  - The roles of the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation and
      of antibody in the phagocytosis of Legionella micdadei by polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes were studied. Normal serum was treated with the appropriate chelators
      or with heat to inactivate the classical, alternate, or both pathways of
      complement activation. Normal and complement-depleted sera with or without
      antibody were employed as opsonins for L. micdadei in phagocytosis assays. There
      was no difference in the phagocytosis of L. micdadei promoted by normal serum and
      either C4-deficient serum or serum in which the classical pathway had been
      inactivated. Both normal and classical pathway-deficient sera promoted
      significantly greater phagocytosis than did sera in which the alternate pathway
      or both the alternate and classical pathways had been inactivated. Thus,
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis of L. micdadei in the absence of
      antibody required an intact alternate pathway. Specific antibody partially
      restored opsonization to sera deficient in the alternate or both complement
      pathways, but phagocytosis was still significantly less than that with the
      alternate pathway intact.

PMID- 4030101
TI  - Vibrio vulnificus resists phagocytosis in the absence of serum opsonins.
AB  - Invasive disease caused by Vibrio vulnificus may result partially from resistance
      to phagocytic host defense mechanisms. The present studies show that V.
      vulnificus resists phagocytosis by murine peritoneal macrophages in the absence
      of serum opsonins and extracellular bacterial products, apparently through the
      anti-phagocytic properties of the bacterial surface.

PMID- 4030100
TI  - Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor.
AB  - Immunochemically identical components were isolated from water-soluble phases of
      five Staphylococcus aureus strains by affinity chromatography on fibrinogen
      linked Sepharose 4B. The elution was performed with 1 M MgCl2. The component
      could be isolated from sonicated preparations of whole cells, cell walls, and
      extracellular products of S. aureus but not from sonicated preparations of
      staphylococcal L-forms or from Staphylococcus epidermidis. Investigations of the
      eluted component by immunoelectrophoresis and Western blot analysis by use of
      different polyspecific antibodies to S. aureus raised in rabbits revealed only
      one immunoprecipitate or one band. By means of gel filtration on Sepharose CL 6B
      and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a molecular mass of
      420,000 and 360,000 was found, respectively. Chemical analysis showed a
      carbohydrate content of about 20% by weight. By crossed immunoelectrophoresis the
      isolated component was demonstrated to bind to human fibrinogen. The finding that
      this purified component inhibited the fibrinogen-induced clumping of
      staphylococci strongly suggests that the component is the S. aureus clumping
      factor.

PMID- 4030102
TI  - Assessment of serum antibody patterns and analysis of subgingival microflora of
      members of a family with a high prevalence of early-onset periodontitis.
AB  - In a study of members of a large family with a high prevalence of early-onset
      periodontitis, we sampled the subgingival microflora and characterized 40
      isolates from each sample. We surveyed serum samples by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay for antibodies reacting with any of a panel of 21 periodontal
      bacteria. The mother and 7 of her 13 children had early-onset periodontitis.
      Bacteroides gingivalis was not detected in the subgingival flora of any affected
      or unaffected family member, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was
      isolated from only one affected child. Capnocytophaga ochracea was isolated from
      five of seven affected children and from none of their normal siblings. We found
      no significant differences among the floras from family members who had rapidly
      progressive, juvenile, and prepubertal forms of periodontitis. Elevated levels of
      serum antibody reacting with one or more of the bacteria tested were found in all
      family members with disease, but in only one periodontally normal family member.
      Both children with prepubertal periodontitis had antibodies reacting with C.
      sputigena, a species not found in their subgingival floras, but with none of the
      other bacteria tested. All remaining affected family members had antibodies to
      one or more serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans, and four had antibodies
      reacting with additional bacteria, including C. sputigena, Eikenella corrodens,
      Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Haemophilus aphrophilus. Sera from patients
      contained antibodies specific for putative periodontal pathogens not found in
      their pocket flora, and conversely, putative periodontal pathogens for which no
      serum antibodies were found frequently comprised a large proportion (10% or more)
      of the pocket flora. In no case were both the bacterium and its antibody found.
      These observations are suggestive of sequential infection in the early-onset
      forms of periodontitis and of induction of protective immunity against
      reinfection by the same microorganism.

PMID- 4030103
TI  - Lymphokine activation of J774G8 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages challenged
      with Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - In vitro activation of macrophage cell line J774G8 and mouse peritoneal
      macrophages resulted in oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent killing of
      intracellular Toxoplasma gondii. Activation was characterized by oxygen-dependent
      killing detectable by enhanced lysosome fusion and digestion of T. gondii. The
      toxoplasmacidal activity of activated J774G8 cells and peritoneal macrophages was
      prevented by adding the oxygen intermediate scavengers catalase or superoxide
      dismutase during culture. Activated J774G8 cells and peritoneal macrophages also
      inhibited replication of those Toxoplasma organisms which survived the initial
      microbicidal activity. The inhibition of Toxoplasma replication was not
      significantly affected by exogenous catalase or superoxide dismutase. Peritoneal
      macrophages from Toxoplasma-immune mice showed similar microbicidal and
      inhibitory responses, supporting the model that activation leads to destruction
      of intracellular parasites by two different mechanisms.

PMID- 4030104
TI  - Correlation of plasmid type and disease caused by Coxiella burnetii.
AB  - The obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent
      of acute Q-fever and chronic endocarditis in humans and of several zoonotic
      infections. The DNA from a variety of these disease isolates was compared for
      homology to the plasmid QpH1, found in the Nine Mile strain. Three patterns of
      homology were found in these isolates, i.e., one pattern identical to that of
      QpH1, one common to several endocarditis isolates and goat abortion isolates, and
      one common to the remaining group of endocarditis isolates. Plasmid DNA from the
      endocarditis-abortion isolate group, designated QpRS, was mapped by restriction
      enzyme analysis and compared with QpH1. These data show that QpRS was 2 to 3
      kilobase pairs larger, contained DNA not found in QpH1, but was not generated
      from QpH1 by a single insertional event. Isolation of plasmid DNA from the second
      endocarditis group of isolates was not successful and may indicate that the
      plasmid has integrated into the chromosome. This analysis provides the first
      clear evidence that differences exist between C. burnetii isolates which cause
      various diseases, indicating that different C. burnetii strains may have unique
      virulence characteristics.

PMID- 4030105
TI  - Experimental candidiasis after thermal injury.
AB  - The ability of Candida albicans to infect thermally injured mice was studied.
      Female mice were either left unburned or given a 20% total body surface area 2-s
      or 7-s scald burn. The wound or skin surface was then inoculated with a human
      burn wound isolate of C. albicans. At 4 h postburn, approximately 10(2) to 10(3)
      CFU/g of tissue could be recovered from the skin of burned and unburned animals.
      Unburned mice cleared the organisms from the skin by 72 h, whereas in 7-s-burned
      animals, the candida increased in numbers to approximately 10(7) CFU/g of tissue.
      The ability of the organisms to invade systemically after wound surface
      inoculation was examined in mice given either a 2-s or a 7-s scald burn. Each
      injury was histologically confirmed as a full-thickness (third degree) burn, with
      slightly deeper tissue damage observed with the 7-s burn. At each time period
      examined (1, 4, 7, and 10 days), there were significantly fewer organisms in the
      wounds of mice given the 2-s injury than in wounds of mice burned for 7 s (P less
      than 0.05). In 3 of 33 mice given a 7-s injury, organisms were recovered from the
      kidneys at the time of sacrifice, whereas no evidence of invasion into the
      kidneys was noted in mice given a 2-s thermal injury. This study demonstrated
      that thermal injury enhances the ability of C. albicans to infect mice and that
      the depth of burn appears to be an important factor in determining whether the
      organisms can invade the burn wound to cause systemic infection. This animal
      model should be valuable in elucidating the virulence factors of C. albicans that
      play a role in the pathogenesis of candidiasis after thermal injury.

PMID- 4030107
TI  - Serum antibodies against common antigens of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in
      healthy adults and in patients with multiple myeloma.
AB  - The incidence of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria is increased in
      patients with multiple myeloma due to secondary humoral immunodeficiency. In
      order to diagnose patients with increased susceptibility to gram-negative
      infections, serum antibodies against common determinants of lipopolysaccharides
      (lipid A and core-polysaccharide) were determined by a rapid enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was possible to define a group of patients at
      high risk of contracting gram-negative infections using this test. Intravenous
      IgG preparations used as a substitute were shown to contain antibodies against
      these common antigens. However, it is suggested that the clinically recognized
      efficacy of these preparations could be due to their containing anti-LPS
      antibodies.

PMID- 4030108
TI  - Preliminary study on administration of high-titer lipid A antibody serum in
      sepsis and septic shock patients.
AB  - To determine whether sera containing high titers of lipid A antibody may be
      applicable at effective doses in treating patients with septicemia, a
      pharmacokinetic study was performed in seven patients aged 24 to 73 years with
      gram-negative septicemia and various underlying diseases, one of whom received a
      placebo, and in one patient without infection. In this study, we attempted to
      determine the effective dosage, the number of infusions and appropriate
      administration interval for the prevention and treatment of endotoxin shock.
      Blood samples from each patient were tested for lipid A antibodies before and at
      regular intervals after administration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA). Selected, pooled human immunoglobulin preparations containing high
      titers (expressed as exponents of 10) of IgG (titer = 3-4) and IgM (titer = 2-4)
      lipid A antibodies were administered first at a dosage of 8 ml/kg body weight.
      After administration, the mean lipid A antibody titer increased from 0.4 to 2.3
      for IgG and from 2 to 2.4 for IgM. The initial increase was followed by a drop in
      titer within 24 h, which was perhaps due to antibody consumption. Following the
      second administration (24 h after the first) of only 4 ml/kg body weight, the
      mean IgG and IgM titers increased to 2.4 and 3.3, respectively, and dropped
      slower. A notable increase in circulating lipid A antibody titers was achieved,
      and four of six treated patients recovered from the sepsis. The two patients who
      died entered the study in a pre-terminal state. These studies encouraged us to
      initiate a randomized, double-blind controlled study.

PMID- 4030106
TI  - 1040 prophylactic infusions with an unmodified intravenous immunoglobulin product
      causing few side-effects in patients with antibody deficiency syndromes.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and two patients
      with IgA and IgG subclass deficiency received a total of 1,040 intravenous (i.v.)
      infusions during 60 patient years with 7,575 g of a new immunoglobulin (Ig)
      preparation. The content of prekallikrein activators and the anti-complementary
      activity in the tested Ig preparation was low and, in comparison to seven other
      commercial i.v. Igs, so was the proportion of IgG polymers and fragments. The IgA
      content was always less than or equal to 0.02 g/l, often less than 0.004 g/l, and
      it was possible to continuously give the Ig prophylactically to four patients
      with anti-IgA antibodies, i.e. three with CVID and one with combined IgA-IgG2
      deficiency. Adverse reactions were only noted in 4.7% of the 1,040 infusions and
      in 12 out of the 34 patients. None of the reactions were of the anaphylactic
      type, but two patients had moderate reactions and one had anuria, probably not
      caused by the Ig. A simultaneous infection seemed to increase the risk of
      phlogistic reactions, as five out of six patients who reacted with temperature
      rise and chills had a simultaneous upper respiratory tract infection. A substudy
      of various dosage schedules was performed with 11 patients receiving 203
      infusions over 10.8 patient years. On 25 mg/kg/week of Ig given i.v. every five
      weeks, a mean increase in the preinfusion serum IgG level of 0.3 g/l was
      observed, as compared to earlier i.m. prophylaxis with the same dose. Only 1/4 of
      the patients on 25 mg/kg/week every five or three weeks reached a preinfusion IgG
      level greater than or equal to 3 g/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030109
TI  - Immune complexes in leptospirosis.

PMID- 4030110
TI  - Spontaneous adherence of Salmonella typhosa to human peripheral blood lymphocytes
      in typhoid fever.

PMID- 4030111
TI  - Serum antibody response to Clostridium difficile toxins in patients with
      Clostridium difficile diarrhoea.
AB  - Consecutive serum samples from 61 patients with Clostridium difficile diarrhoea
      were investigated for antibody response to C. difficile toxins A and B in an
      indirect enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and in a neutralization assay against C.
      difficile cytotoxin. Sera from 64 blood donors, elderly healthy females and
      patients with other known intestinal enteropathogens served as controls. An
      immune response was detected by ELISA in approximately half of the patients with
      C. difficile diarrhoea. The specificity of the ELISA was 94% or 97%, depending on
      the control material used. Furthermore, a correlation was found between clinical
      recovery without relapse of C. difficile diarrhoea and high IgG titers to toxin B
      in the ELISA, and/or appearance of neutralizing antibodies. It is concluded that
      the ELISA for detection of serum antibodies to C. difficile toxins may be of
      diagnostic value in combination with the conventional tissue culture assay for
      cytotoxin in stool. High ELISA IgG titres to toxin B and/or the appearance of
      neutralizing antibodies may also be a positive prognostic sign in patients with
      C. difficile diarrhoea.

PMID- 4030112
TI  - Differential diagnosis of equine respiratory noises.

PMID- 4030113
TI  - Control of the breeding season in sheep and goats.

PMID- 4030114
TI  - Data recording in general practice.

PMID- 4030115
TI  - Effects of acute exposure to increased levels of background industrial noise on
      cigarette smoking behavior.
AB  - Automated objective measures of cigarette smoking behavior were recorded while
      research subjects performed a visual monitoring monetary reinforced operant task.
      Subjects were required to wear headphones during all sessions. During baseline
      sessions, subjects were exposed to 60 decibels (dB) of background noise. During
      experimental sessions, subjects were exposed to 70, 80, or 90 dB of tape-recorded
      industrial noise via the headphones. Following stabilization of cigarette puffing
      across sessions, subjects were exposed to different dB levels of industrial noise
      acutely for one session. Results indicated that increasing dB levels of
      industrial noise exposure resulted in increased cigarette smoking behavior.

PMID- 4030116
TI  - Occupational exposure to toluene: neurotoxic effects with special emphasis on
      drinking habits.
AB  - Neurotoxic effects of toluene were examined in 43 male rotogravure printers
      exposed to toluene (age 27-63, mean 41 years; duration of exposure 11-40, mean 22
      years) and 31 male offset printers of the same age with slight exposure to
      aliphatic hydrocarbons. A neurological examination, tests for autonomic nervous
      function, electroencephalography, psychological tests and computerized tomography
      of the brain were carried out in addition to a standardized interview. Exposure
      levels were evaluated for each person separately on the basis of his work history
      and the results of an earlier study on exposure levels at the same printing
      shops. Besides a thorough history of alcohol consumption, information about the
      printers' drinking habits was obtained from the occupational health care centers
      of the printing shops. The examinations found only slight abnormalities, and
      there were no statistically significant group differences in the prevalences of
      abnormalities. No correlations between the abnormalities and the exposure indices
      were found either. One of the retired workers, however, who had been exposed to
      high toluene concentrations for over 40 years, had been diagnosed as having
      chronic organic solvent intoxication. Heavy drinkers of alcohol were clearly more
      common in the toluene-exposed group. This study detected no clinically
      significant abnormalities attributable to toluene alone among workers exposed to
      68-185 ppm (mean 117) of toluene for over 10 years. The connection between
      alcohol consumption and toluene exposure is interesting and deserves further
      study.

PMID- 4030117
TI  - Immunological and respiratory changes in tea workers.
AB  - Immunological status and respiratory function were studied in 26 female
      nonsmokers employed in processing different types of tea. Skin tests with tea
      allergens demonstrated the highest percentage of positive reaction to sage (45%),
      gruzyan (40%), mentha (35%), and dog rose (10%). Among 17 skin-tested control
      workers, 23% had positive skin reaction to sage, 19% to gruzyan tea, 20% to
      mentha and 11% to dog rose and Indian teas. Serum levels of total IgE were
      increased in 27% of the tea workers and in 7% of the control subjects. Prevalence
      of almost all chronic respiratory symptoms was higher in tea workers with
      positive skin tests than in those with negative skin tests to tea allergens. Tea
      workers with positive skin tests to tea allergens had larger mean acute reduction
      over the Monday workshift in flow rates (MEF50%: -11.9%; MEF25%: -20.6%) than in
      those with negative skin tests (MEF50%: -5.7%; MEF25%: -16.7%), thus suggesting
      an obstructive effect mostly located in smaller airways. Bronchoprovocation
      testing with different tea allergens provoked acute reductions of ventilatory
      capacity in four out of six subjects tested. Relative fall over a 90-min post
      exposure was greater in MEF25% (ranging from 13% to 67%) than in MEF 50% (ranging
      from 9% to 45% of the control values).

PMID- 4030118
TI  - Exposure to fluorotrichloromethane (R-11).
AB  - Three volunteers were exposed to fluorotrichloromethane (R-11) under experimental
      conditions. Solvent levels in ambient and alveolar air, in blood and urine were
      measured. The mean concentration of R-11 in ambient air was 657 ml/m3. The
      average values of pulmonary retention and solvent levels in alveolar air and
      blood were 18.2%; 537 ml/m3 and 2.8 mg/l. Inter-individual variations of these
      parameters are negligible. R-11 concentrations in urine--in contrast to blood or
      alveolar air--depend on the dose taken up. After termination of exposure, R-11
      concentrations in alveolar air and in blood are excreted with biological half
      lives of seven and eleven minutes respectively during the first phase of
      elimination and with 1.8 and 1.0 h respectively during the second phase of
      elimination. Though ambient monitoring should, in most cases, be sufficient for
      the prevention of occupational diseases, the R-11 concentration in alveolar air
      seems to be the best parameter if biological monitoring seems to be necessary.

PMID- 4030120
TI  - Anaphylactoid reactions in anesthesia.

PMID- 4030119
TI  - The clinical presentation of anaphylactoid reactions in anesthesia.

PMID- 4030121
TI  - Adverse reactions to protamine.
AB  - Adverse responses to protamine are most likely multifactorial in nature.
      Mechanisms include immune-mediated anaphylaxis, complement-mediated and non
      complement-mediated anaphylactoid reactions, and catastrophic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction. Some patients may be at higher risk for an adverse reaction to
      protamine. Whereas patient historical data may influence the decision to
      administer protamine, once administration is decided on all patients should
      receive protamine in a cautious manner. Rechallenge may be hazardous, but has
      occurred without problem in some patients.

PMID- 4030122
TI  - Allergic and pseudoallergic mechanisms in anesthesia.

PMID- 4030123
TI  - Anaphylactoid reactions to radiocontrast materials.

PMID- 4030124
TI  - A monoclonal antibody-based radioimmunoassay for the in vitro production of IgE
      by lymphocyte cultures.
AB  - Very sensitive radioimmunoassay systems have been described for the measurement
      of IgE produced in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However,
      differing results have been reported when cultures from non-atopic donors are
      stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, which may be due to cross-reactivity of anti
      IgE antibodies with IgG. A monoclonal antibody specific for the Fc region of
      human IgE, and two polyclonal affinity-purified antibodies to IgE were tested for
      binding to 125I-labelled IgE myeloma proteins and polyclonal IgG in a sensitive
      double antibody precipitation assay. The monoclonal antibody and one of the
      polyclonal antibodies bound only IgE, whereas the other polyclonal antibody bound
      a significant proportion of labelled IgG. A solid phase radioimmunoassay was
      developed which combined the specificity of the monoclonal antibody with the
      sensitivity of the first polyclonal antibody as radioactive tracer. A second
      assay system was also tested using the cross-reacting antibody as tracer.
      Supernatants of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell
      cultures from non-atopic donors were examined for IgE synthesis using both
      assays. The assay based on the monoclonal antibody did not detect IgE synthesis,
      whilst the second assay, based on the cross-reacting antibody indicated that
      spurious IgE had been produced in the same cultures. This study shows that
      protein-binding assays provide a simple means for checking the specificity of
      antibodies in solid phase radioimmunoassays, and confirms that pokeweed mitogen
      does not stimulate IgE production by cells from non-atopic donors when measured
      by a specific radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 4030125
TI  - C56 formation in the reaction mixture of isolated complement components through
      the classical complement pathway.
AB  - The mechanism of hemolysis of unsensitized erythrocytes by a mixture of 9
      isolated, human-derived complement components, C1s, C4, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, C8
      and C9 (C1s-C9) was studied. Of the tested erythrocytes, guinea pig erythrocytes
      (Egp) were the most susceptible to lysis by C1s-C9, followed by human and sheep
      erythrocytes. Contamination of the isolated complement components by C56 was
      ruled out. It was determined that a factor was generated in the reaction mixture
      of C1s, C4, C2, C3, C5 and C6 (C1s-C6), which had lytic activity against Egp when
      C7, C8 and C9 were added. We found that the lytic factor was similar to C56 in
      the following properties: (1) the activity of the lytic factor decreased when
      incubated with isolated C7 prior to its reaction with Egp; (2) the lytic factor
      did not bind to Egp by itself but it did bind in the presence of C7; (3) EDTA did
      not have any inhibitory effect on the lytic factor; (4) the activity of the lytic
      factor decreased by treatment with anti-C5 and anti-C6 but not by treatment with
      anti-C3 and anti-C4, and (5) gel filtration of the reaction mixture (C1s-C6)
      indicated that the elution volumes of the lytic factor and of isolated C56 were
      similar. Thus, it is likely that C56 is generated in the reaction mixture of C1s
      C6 and the lytic factor binds to unsensitized erythrocytes together with C7, to
      form an intermediate EC567 which is susceptible to lysis by the action of C8 and
      C9.

PMID- 4030126
TI  - Leukocyte membrane receptors in meningitis and other bacterial infections.
AB  - Blood leukocytes from 37 patients with acute bacterial infections, and
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) granulocytes from 12 patients with bacterial
      meningitis, were examined for the distribution of membrane receptors (R) for (1)
      untreated sheep erythrocytes (E), (2) the Fc portion of IgG (Fc gamma), and (3)
      complement component C3b. We found a decreased percentage of granulocytes bearing
      Fc gamma-R in the CSF from patients with meningitis, and in blood from patients
      with respiratory tract infections. This group also had a decreased percentage of
      C3b-R bearing granulocytes on admission, whereas meningitis patients had lower
      levels of C3b-R and Fc gamma-R bearing granulocytes in the 2nd and 3rd week and
      even later. Several patients with meningitis and gastroenteritis had granulocytes
      bearing the E-R, previously considered specific for T lymphocytes. Such cells
      were also found in the CSF. Meningitis and respiratory tract infections were
      associated with a decreased percentage of 'active' T lymphocytes. The total
      percentage of T lymphocytes was also decreased in meningitis. Conversely the
      proportion of Fc gamma-R bearing lymphocytes (consisting mostly of B lymphocytes)
      was increased in most infections. During the first 3 weeks of bacterial
      meningitis, the percentages of Fc gamma- and C3b-R bearing granulocytes, and of
      Fc gamma-R bearing lymphocytes, gradually decreased, while the T lymphocyte
      percentage increased from the initial low values.

PMID- 4030127
TI  - Goblet cell number in the nasal mucosa relates to cell-mediated immunity in
      patients with antibody deficiency syndromes.
AB  - Histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa were studied in biopsies from the
      inferior turbinate in 22 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
      and 16 patients with selective IgA deficiency. Most patients with CVID had fewer
      goblet cells than the healthy controls (p less than 0.001), whereas patients with
      selective IgA deficiency often had manyfold increased numbers (p less than
      0.001). The number of goblet cells showed a significant (p less than 0.001)
      relationship to the cell-mediated immune function. Patients with lowered cell
      mediated immune function, as measured by in vivo and in vitro tests, showed
      reduced numbers or lack of goblet cells. These patients had an increased number
      of subepithelial, seromucous gland acini compared with healthy controls (p less
      than 0.01) and patients with selective IgA deficiency (p less than 0.05). The
      production of mucus may be a compensatory mechanism, participating in the
      protection of the mucosal surface of the antibody-deficient patient. The increase
      in the number of goblet cells, but not of subepithelial, seromucous gland acini
      seems dependent on the cell-mediated immune system.

PMID- 4030128
TI  - Continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis.

PMID- 4030129
TI  - Bicarbonate-buffered peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4030130
TI  - Ultraviolet light as a sterilising agent for extracorporeal fluid tubing
      connectors.

PMID- 4030131
TI  - A new hemodialysis monitoring device using filtrate concentrations: a comparison
      with standard serum techniques.
AB  - A new device allowing sampling to be performed at any time, and using the
      filtrate obtained during hemodialysis is described. The device was used in 27
      patients undergoing regular dialysis. Urea, creatinine and potassium were
      measured in samples taken both from arterial blood and from the device at 10, 40,
      120 and 230 minutes after the beginning of the dialysis. The results were
      compared. A constant bias of about 10% was noted between the two sets of results
      but statistical analysis showed this was correctable.

PMID- 4030132
TI  - Amino acid absorption of plasmapheresed serum by resins and charcoal.
AB  - The amino acid absorption capacity of two types of charcoal and six forms of ion
      exchange resin has been assessed. To plasmapheresed serum obtained from human
      donors amino acids were added to stimulate the levels seen in hepatic failure.
      This was passed through columns of either resin or charcoal over three hours. The
      amino acid absorption was estimated. Charcoal consistently removed greater
      amounts of essential amino acids than resin. None of the ion exchange resins were
      found to be effective in amino acid absorption.

PMID- 4030133
TI  - Adverse effects secondary to the treatment with plasma exchange.
AB  - Side effects and their relationship with the material used were analyzed in 748
      plasma exchanges (PE) performed in 75 patients. The total incidence of acute and
      mild adverse effects (chills and/or fever, paraesthesias, allergic reactions,
      acute anaemia, vasovagal reactions, abdominal pain and hypotension) was 18.04%.
      Two patients developed an episode of left cardiac insufficiency. One patient in
      whom all PE were performed with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) developed metabolic
      alkalosis. Three patients developed sepsis during treatment with repeated PE and
      immunosuppressive drugs; in these three patients a permanent vascular inlet was
      used (shunt or catheter). All patients in whom only FFP was used as replacement
      solution developed non-A, non-B hepatitis. Neither haemorrhagic nor thrombotic
      episodes were observed in these patients. It is of the greatest importance to
      choose the most suitable material for each patient and to develop a careful
      technique in order to avoid these complications during treatment with PE.

PMID- 4030134
TI  - Short and long-term clinical effects of plasma-exchange in 33 cases of myasthenia
      gravis.
AB  - The authors examine the results of plasma exchange (PE) treatment in 33 patients
      with myasthenia gravis, who underwent a total of 49 cycles of treatment. On the
      basis of clinical response, evaluated in relation to a modification of the
      functional state and to the duration of improvement after PE, we selected a group
      of 20 responsive patients ("responders" = 60.6%) and 13 non-responsive patients
      ("non-responders" = 39.4%). Positive effects, some only short-lasting, were
      observed in 24 patients (72.7%) after 32 cycles of a total of 49 cycles (65.3%).
      Out of the 11 most critical patients, 7 (63.6%) were considered responders, given
      the importance and duration of the improvement they presented, while 2 other
      patients had clear but short-lasting improvements; in these 9 patients, the
      positive effects amounted to 81.2%. Factors presumably responsible for
      therapeutic failure in the non-responders are discussed.

PMID- 4030135
TI  - Henoch-Schonlein purpura with severe ileal involvement responding to
      plasmapheresis.

PMID- 4030136
TI  - Diet and cancer of the stomach: a case-control study in Greece.
AB  - A case-control study focusing on the role of diet in the etiology of gastric
      cancer was undertaken in Piraeus, the sister city of Athens, in a population
      characterized by ethnic homogeneity but substantial heterogeneity with respect to
      dietary habits. The case series consisted of 110 consecutive patients with
      histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the stomach, admitted to two teaching
      hospitals during a 3-year period; the control series consisted of orthopedic
      patients admitted to a nearby hospital for accidents, fractures and other
      orthopedic disorders, during the same time period. Dietary histories concerning
      the frequency of consumption (per month or per week) of about 80 food items were
      obtained by the same interviewer. Cases reported significantly less frequent
      consumption of lemons, oranges, brown bread, and raw, salad-type vegetables
      (particularly lettuce, onions and cucumbers) and, independently, significantly
      more frequent consumption of pasta, beans and nuts. A relative risk of about 40
      was found between extreme quintiles when the above 9 food items were combined in
      a linear risk score. Use of an index constructed from the study material will
      clearly overestimate the level of risk between the extreme quintiles, but
      nevertheless the risk differences appear noteworthy, and consistent with the
      international variation in the incidence of gastric cancer. No significant
      associations were found with alcoholic beverages, coffee or tea.

PMID- 4030137
TI  - A pilot beta-carotene intervention trial with Inuits using smokeless tobacco.
AB  - The frequency of exfoliated cells with micronuclei (MNC) was used to estimate the
      genotoxic effect of smokeless tobacco (snuff) on the oral mucosa and to follow
      the response to the administration of beta-carotene (180 mg/week, given twice
      weekly in 6 capsules of 30 mg each). The pilot trial was carried out with Inuits
      in Gjoa Haven, Northwest Territories, Canada. Their traditional diet, which is
      rich in caribou and seal meat and liver but low in vegetables and fruits, leads
      to "normal" serum levels of retinol (447 ng/ml in non-users of tobacco and 463
      ng/ml in tobacco users) but low levels of beta-carotene (57 ng/ml for non-users
      of tobacco and 47 ng/ml for users). Prior to the twice-weekly administration of
      beta-carotene, the frequency of MNC was 1.87% +/- 0.92 (n = 23) in the mucosa of
      the lower gingival groove where the tobacco was usually kept. It decreased
      significantly (P less than 0.001) to 0.74% +/- 0.42 following the 10-week oral
      administration of beta-carotene capsules. The frequency of MNC did not change
      significantly in the group receiving a placebo and in snuff users who received no
      treatment over the 10-week trial period. The size and morphological appearance of
      the typical snuff-related, whitish, wrinkled patches of the mucosa where the
      tobacco was kept was not affected by the 10-week treatment with beta-carotene.
      Similarly, no reduction was observed in the frequency of anucleated, exfoliated
      mucosa cells. Beta-carotene appears to be an efficient inhibitor of MNC in the
      oral mucosa of snuff users who do not suffer from any vitamin A deficiency and
      who have "normal" levels of retinol.

PMID- 4030138
TI  - Correlation between ganglioside distribution and histological grading of human
      astrocytomas.
AB  - Changes in membrane lipid content and composition have been repeatedly detected
      in experimentally induced as well as spontaneous tumors. Previous data on
      ganglioside analysis in human astrocytomas suggested a possible correlation
      between their content and pattern and the histological grading of these tumors.
      In our study we could definitely prove this correlation: in fact the level of
      malignancy, passing from grade I to grade IV, is associated with a statistically
      significant increase of a ganglioside identified as ganglioside GD3. Another
      important modification in the ganglioside pattern of human astrocytomas is the
      decrease in polysialylated species with increasing level of malignancy.

PMID- 4030139
TI  - Purification and partial amino acid sequence of rabbit tumor necrosis factor.
AB  - Good production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the rabbit was obtained using
      Propionibacterium acnes IID 912 as a priming agent and subsequent administration
      of lipopolysaccharide. The physicochemical characteristics of rabbit TNF were
      very similar to those of murine TNF. The molecular weight of rabbit TNF was
      39,000 as estimated by gel filtration, and 18,000 by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric
      point was determined as pH 4.0 by isoelectric focusing. Rabbit TNF was stable
      within the pH range of 5.5 to 11.0, and was stable at 56 degrees C for 8 hr. It
      was digested by trypsin, pancreatic protease and elastase, but was resistant to
      neuraminidase. The amino acid sequence of rabbit TNF was determined as Ser-Ala
      Ser-Arg-Ala-Leu- .... Monoclonal antibody against rabbit TNF completely inhibited
      both the in vivo and in vitro activity of rabbit TNF. However, this antibody
      could not inhibit the action of murine TNF. Antitumor activity of rabbit TNF was
      shown against murine and human cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, and rabbit TNF
      was also capable of distinguishing malignant cells from normal cells.

PMID- 4030140
TI  - Heat-resistant mutants of B-16 melanoma cells. I. Stepwise heating in vitro
      induces progressive increase in resistance to heat.
AB  - Cloned lines from 4 different families of B-16 melanoma cells were heated
      repeatedly in tissue culture at 45 degrees C with step-up time intervals. These
      lines included the partially heat-resistant lines previously selected at 43
      degrees C(HR 43 degrees) from wheat-germ-agglutinin-resistant mutant (WGAR, HR43
      degrees), concanavalin-resistant mutant (conR-HR 43 degrees), ricin-resistant
      mutant (ricinR, HR 43 degrees), and parental B-16 (B-16, HR 43 degrees) cells.
      The heating cycles were repeated 7 to 11 times at 45 degrees C increasing from 45
      min to 150 min with 3 weeks of culturing at 37 degrees C between cycles. Heat
      resistance in most cases increased progressively with each heating step. An
      extensive library of mutants was thus generated, varying in the degree of heat
      resistance and the apparent stability. HR variants from the WGAR family appeared
      to be the most resistant and the most stable. The heat-resistant phenotype was
      expressed not only by increased survival after a normally lethal heat dose, but
      also by protection against heat-mediated suppression of proteins and DNA
      syntheses. Protein synthesis in the heat-resistant cells was not only less
      suppressed by heat shock, but also recovered more rapidly after removal of shock.
      Clinical implications of these results and the potential usefulness of the mutant
      lines for genetic studies are discussed.

PMID- 4030141
TI  - Mechanisms of human cell neoplastic transformation: relationship of specific
      abnormal clone formation to prolonged lifespan in X-irradiated human diploid
      fibroblasts.
AB  - A total of 9 control and 46 X-irradiated human fibroblast cultures were followed
      throughout their lifespan in vitro; G-banded karyotypes were examined at regular
      intervals. The lifespan (mean population doublings) of irradiated cultures was
      slightly but significantly prolonged over that of controls. None of the cultures
      developed any changes in cell morphology characteristic of neoplastic
      transformation. A number of abnormal clones containing marker chromosomes emerged
      in the irradiated cultures. Most of these senesced early, but 2 clones were
      associated with a considerably increased lifespan. One of these had a deletion in
      the short arm of chromosome I (p22, p32), and the other had 2 specific
      translocations involving chromosome 22, t(1;22)(q25,q12) and t(6;22)(p22,q11). We
      hypothesize that the emergence of an abnormal clone with translocations in the
      vicinity of critical oncogenes may be associated with prolongation of lifespan
      and the induction of immortalization in human diploid cells, an event independent
      of the acquisition of other characteristics of the transformed phenotype.

PMID- 4030142
TI  - Analysis of page utilization and types of articles published in four major
      American cardiology journals in 1984.
AB  - Several peer-review journals devoted exclusively to cardiology are published in
      the U.S.A. Although the types of articles and the authors of (and reviewers for)
      the articles in the various American cardiologic journals are similar, the
      numbers of articles and pages utilized for them in the various journals are quite
      different. This article summarizes the results of counting the numbers of
      editorial (non-advertising) pages published and the types of articles published
      during 1984 in the American Heart Journal, the American Journal of Cardiology,
      Circulation, and the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

PMID- 4030143
TI  - The surface measurement of aortic atherosclerosis: critical survey and comparison
      with histologic findings.
AB  - Both the reproducibility of the surface measurements of aortic atherosclerosis
      and the agreement between gross inspective and histologic changes were evaluated.
      Aortas from male broad breasted white turkeys were chosen because of the high
      incidence of spontaneous and typical atherosclerotic lesions in this animal
      strain. Ten male turkeys were killed at 33 weeks of age. The aortas were removed
      including the iliac bifurcation and stained with Sudan III. Each aorta was
      processed blindly by four pathologists and a computerized planimeter to determine
      normal areas, sudanophilic areas and areas covered by plaques. The analysis of
      variance showed significant differences among the four pathologists' measurements
      of sudanophilic areas (P less than 0.01) and areas covered by plaques (P less
      than 0.001). The coefficients of variation among the four determinations made by
      one pathologist on the same aorta were 3.6% for total aortic area; 10.08% for
      sudanophilic area; 47.6% for the area covered by plaques. On each aorta histology
      was performed at the level where all the four pathologists recorded the same
      findings at inspection, namely a normal area, a sudanophilic area, and an area
      covered by plaques. Important discrepancies occurred between findings at
      inspection and those of histologic examination: the ten areas classified as
      "normal" by all the four pathologists at inspection were shown at histologic
      examination to be normal in only two cases. In one case a musculo-elastic layer
      and in seven cases a fibro-elastic layer were found. The ten areas classified as
      "sudanophilic" by all the observers showed a fibro-elastic layer in five cases, a
      musculo-elastic layer in two cases and normal findings in three cases. The ten
      areas classified as "covered by plaques" displayed a typical atherosclerotic
      plaque in all cases but one. In conclusion, our data indicate that the
      reproducibility of gross inspective methods is low. Important discrepancies exist
      between findings at inspection and histologic examinations. The relevance of
      these findings remains to be established as far as the assessment of human
      atherosclerosis is concerned.

PMID- 4030144
TI  - Coarctation and related aortic arch anomalies in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
AB  - The aortic arches of 34 specimens with hypoplastic left heart syndrome were
      studied in order to establish the frequency, the nature and the clinical
      implications of aortic arch anomalies. A localized aortic coarctation was present
      in 23 specimens. The coarcation was located preductally in 2 and paraductally in
      21 cases. The degree of obstruction caused by the coarctation varied
      considerably. In only 6 cases (1 preductal and 5 paraductal) was the obstruction
      judged to be severe. One of these cases had an additional aneurysm of the aortic
      wall proximal to the coarctation. An aberrant relation of the ductus arteriosus
      and the aortic arch was found in 2 specimens without localized coarctation. In
      the remaining 9 specimens the aortic arch appeared normal. The aortic arch
      anomalies were mostly present in specimens with a severely hypoplastic ascending
      aorta. Clinicians, when preparing infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
      for surgical palliation, should always suspect associated aortic arch anomalies,
      especially when there is severe hypoplasia of the ascending aorta. Coarctation of
      the aorta will require additional surgical treatment.

PMID- 4030145
TI  - Left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
AB  - The pattern of abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling and its specificity in
      coronary disease patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction has received
      little attention. We evaluated the left ventricular diastolic filling curve
      derived from gated blood pool scans in 21 normals, 61 coronary disease patients
      with ejection fractions less than or equal to 30%, and 51 congestive
      cardiomyopathy patients with ejection fraction less than or equal to 30%. The
      peak filling rate (PFR), peak ejection rate (PER), PFR/PER and the % stroke
      volume filled at 1/3 of diastole (%SV-1/3 DT) and at the end of the rapid filling
      period (%SV-RFP) were determined for each group. The PFR and PER were reduced in
      both coronary disease and congestive cardiomyopathy groups. The PFR/PER was
      increased in the coronary disease group (1.19 +/- 0.28) and congestive
      cardiomyopathy group (1.21 +/- 0.32) as compared to normals (0.93 +/- 0.20, P
      less than 0.001). A greater %SV-1/3 DT and %SV-RFP were noted in both coronary
      disease and congestive cardiomyopathy groups. Coronary disease and congestive
      cardiomyopathy patients with a mean pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP) greater
      than or equal to 18 mm Hg had a greater PFR/PER, %SV-1/3 DT, and %SV-RFP than
      patients with a PCP less than 18 mm Hg. An abnormal and nonspecific pattern of
      left ventricular diastolic filling is present in both coronary disease and
      congestive cardiomyopathy patients and is characterized by an increased PFR/PER,
      a greater %SV-1/3 DT, and a greater %SV-RFP. This pattern may be related to
      elevated PCPs.

PMID- 4030146
TI  - Effects of pharmacologic autonomic blockade on atrial electrophysiologic
      properties in normal subjects and in patients with sinus node disease.
AB  - In order to elucidate the influence of autonomic nervous system on atrial
      electrophysiologic properties, we studied 10 patients with sinus node dysfunction
      and 10 age-matched normal subjects. In each of them effective and functional
      refractory periods of the right atrium (near its junction with the superior caval
      vein) were measured, during atrial pacing (100/min) and using variable current
      strengths (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 15 mA), before and after pharmacologic
      autonomic blockade (using intravenous propranolol 0.2 mg/kg and atropine 0.04
      mg/kg). Mean values of effective and functional refractory periods at each
      current strength were significantly higher in patients with sinus node disease
      than in normal subjects both before and after autonomic blockade. Blockade did
      not significantly modify mean values of effective and functional refractory
      periods at any current strength, either in patients with sinus node disease or in
      normal subjects. Furthermore, autonomic blockade did not change the effects of
      the increase of current strength on atrial refractoriness in either group. We
      conclude that our data indicate a prolonged refractoriness to be present in
      patients with sinus node disease even in the absence of influences from the
      autonomic nervous system. Thus, we can suggest a "primary" involvement of atrial
      fibers in this pathophysiological condition. Propranolol together with atropine
      did not induce changes of atrial refractoriness. Indeed, they probably exerted an
      opposite effect. The effects of the increase of current strength on atrial
      excitability do not seem to be mediated by autonomic humoral agents.

PMID- 4030147
TI  - Type A behavior and myocardial infarction. A 9.5-year follow-up of a small
      cohort.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that type A behavior is associated with the incidence of
      myocardial infarction in groups outside the U.S.A., 243 healthy males, aged 45-59
      years, who participated in the Kaunas-Rotterdam Intervention Study (KRIS) were
      interviewed and followed for 91/2 years. No association between type A behavior
      and the incidence of all coronary events (myocardial infarction and cardiac
      death) was found. Fatal coronary events, however, were found to have occurred in
      types A only (P = 0.04). This weak, but positive association indicates that in
      Europe too the incidence of fatal coronary heart disease is associated with type
      A behavior.

PMID- 4030148
TI  - Assessment of dysfunction in aortic regurgitation by stress-shortening
      relationship.
AB  - Some patients with aortic regurgitation develop irreversible left ventricular
      dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to noninvasively examine left
      ventricular function in patients with aortic regurgitation by determining the end
      systolic stress-shortening relationship using M-mode echocardiography. Ten normal
      volunteers and 10 patients with chronic, isolated aortic regurgitation were
      studied at rest and following load and inotropic alteration by cold pressor
      testing. The baseline ejection phase indices of ejection fraction and percent
      fractional shortening did not distinguish between normals and patients with
      aortic regurgitation (74.6% +/- 2.8% versus 67.0% +/- 4.2%, P = NS and 37.6% +/-
      2.4% versus 31.6% +/- 2.7%, P = NS, respectively.) End-systolic stress was
      significantly greater in patients with aortic regurgitation both at rest (107.8
      +/- 11.6 dynes/cm2 X 10(-3) versus 68.4 +/- 4.8 dynes/cm2 X 10(-3), P less than
      0.005) and after cold pressor intervention (122.8 +/- 13.0 dynes/cm2 X 10(-3)
      versus 80.1 +/- 4.0 dynes/cm2 X 10(-3), P less than 0.005). Normals showed
      increased fractional shortening in the presence of increasing end-systolic
      stress. Patients with aortic regurgitation showed decreased fractional shortening
      during increased stress. This response suggests either left ventricular
      dysfunction with increasing stress or decreased myocardial contractile reserve
      after cold pressor inotropic stimulation. End-systolic stress-percent fractional
      shortening relationship may be a sensitive indicator of early left ventricular
      dysfunction in patients with aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 4030149
TI  - Alcohol and ischemic heart disease: wine, beer or both?
AB  - The relationship between mortality from ischemic heart disease and alcoholic
      beverage consumption in 27 countries was investigated. A significant inverse
      correlation was obtained between mortality due to ischemic disease and percent
      contribution to alcohol consumption by wine (r = -0.75, P less than 0.001). A
      positive correlation (r = 0.60, P less than 0.001) was obtained between ischemic
      heart disease and alcohol consumption from beer.

PMID- 4030150
TI  - Fatal cerebral edema following angiocardiography: a case report.
AB  - We describe a case of fatal reaction to angiocardiography following investigation
      of tetralogy of Fallot. This happening has occurred only once in 8300 procedures
      in our laboratory. It was due to cerebral edema. Although a recognized, but very
      rare, hazard following injection of contrast material, we found no way in our
      case of either predicting the outcome or its possible recurrence.

PMID- 4030151
TI  - Indirect versus direct hypnotic suggestions--an initial investigation: a brief
      communication.

PMID- 4030152
TI  - Hypnotic age regression and the importance of assessing interpersonally relevant
      affect.

PMID- 4030153
TI  - Iconic memory and hypnotizability: processing speed, skill, or strategy
      differences?

PMID- 4030154
TI  - The response criterion problem in tests of hypnosis and memory.

PMID- 4030155
TI  - Hypnotic susceptibility, hypnosis, and EMG biofeedback in the reduction of
      frontalis muscle tension.

PMID- 4030156
TI  - Hypnosis as an adjunct to the psychotherapy of the severely disturbed patient: an
      affective development approach.

PMID- 4030157
TI  - Role-played and hypnotically induced simulation of psychopathology on the MMPI: a
      partial replication.

PMID- 4030158
TI  - An empirical evaluation of the neurolinguistic programming model.

PMID- 4030159
TI  - Althesin in high risk patients with heart disease in orthopedic surgery.
AB  - Althesin was used in 65 patients with heart diseases undergoing orthopedic
      surgery, alone or in association with neuroleptanalgesic drugs. Patients were
      classified according to four types of heart diseases: atrial fibrillation in
      older patients (41.53%), disorders of cardiac rhythm (23.07%), valvular diseases
      (9.23%), ischemic heart disease (26.15%) and according to the degree of risk (ASA
      3 and 4). All patients were carefully studied before the operation, and
      adequately treated with cardiac drugs in order to reduce heart rate, to reduce
      blood pressure and to reduce heart failure, whenever necessary. Anesthesia was
      induced with Althesin in all patients, and maintained with Althesin/N2O/O2 in
      24.61% of the cases, and Althesin/N2O/O2/NLA in 75.39% of the cases. No
      significant changes in heart rate or in blood pressure were observed either
      during surgery or in the first 24 hours after the operation. There were five
      deaths in the days after the operation, one of which was due to surgery. One
      patient was discharged while still in a coma. All the other patients were
      discharged from the hospital within approximately four weeks from the day of the
      operation in good general condition. It was concluded that Althesin is a very
      reliable anesthetic agent for patients with heart diseases.

PMID- 4030160
TI  - The "status quo" of clinical pharmacology in Japan.
AB  - The status quo in the educational system of Japanese medical schools and the
      status quo and tomorrow in Clinical Pharmacology is described, analyzed and
      interpreted. All relevant criteria are considered and the stipulations are
      discussed which are very important for the clinical pharmacologist. The
      importance of clinical pharmacology in the curriculum is proved as a conditio
      sine qua non.

PMID- 4030161
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three sustained-release theophylline
      preparations (Theograd, 350 mg Theolair Retard, and 300 mg Theolin Retard) in
      steady state in six normals and six patients with chronic asthmatic bronchitis-
      Part II: Lung function.
AB  - The lung function profiles of a group of six healthy volunteers and six patients
      with moderately severe asthmatic bronchitis were compared after one theophylline
      infusion and after oral administration of Theograd (350 mg), Theolair Retard (350
      mg), and Theolin Retard (300 mg) all given twice daily for 1 week. The group of
      patients showed a good reversibility of bronchoconstriction after intravenous
      theophylline administration; however, only minor improvement was observed at the
      levels reached after relatively low oral doses.

PMID- 4030163
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in patients with liver disease.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine were studied after 200 mg i.v. doses in 7 patients
      with liver cirrhosis and in 10 healthy volunteers. Serial blood samples were
      obtained before and after drug administration over 12 hours. Cimetidine blood
      concentrations were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The
      mean total body clearance in patients with cirrhosis (414.3 +/- 69.7 ml/min) was
      significantly less than that of subjects without liver dysfunction (501.1 +/-
      37.9 ml/min) (p less than 0.01). However, the mean steady-state volume of
      distribution (1.34 +/- 0.41 l/kg vs 1.40 +/- 0.24 l/kg), volume of central
      compartment (0.51 +/- 0.11 l/kg vs. 0.45 +/- 0.05 l/kg), area volume of
      distribution (1.69 +/- 0.46 l/kg vs. 1.81 +/- 0.43 l/kg) and mean half-life (2.56
      +/- 0.58 h vs. 2.68 +/- 0.43 h) did not demonstrate any significant changes.
      Renal clearance was significantly decreased from 389.5 +/- 41.9 ml/min in healthy
      subjects to 279.1 +/- 57.8 ml/min in cirrhotic patients (p less than 0.01).
      However, the mean extrarenal clearance was not changed in both groups.
      Modification of cimetidine dosage is therefore presumably not necessary in
      patients with compensated liver disease.

PMID- 4030162
TI  - Temporal variations of lorazepam pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Lorazepam pharmacokinetics were evaluated in eight healthy male and eight healthy
      female subjects after a single 3.5 mg oral dose. This randomized crossover study
      consisted of a morning dose (7:00 a.m.) or an evening dose (7:00 p.m.) separated
      by one week. While no consistent temporal changes in any parameter characterizing
      elimination of lorazepam were observed, absorption constant rate (Ka) and
      absorption half-life (t1/2a) were significantly modified by the hour of
      administration, the drug being more rapidly absorbed after the morning (t1/2a =
      0.52 +/- 0.11) than after the morning trial (t1/2a = 1.18 +/- 0.26, p less than
      0.05). Daily differences in pharmacokinetic parameters observed in this work
      suggest the need for taking in account the hour of administration during its
      pharmacokinetics determination.

PMID- 4030164
TI  - Theophylline: a diagnostic aid for evaluating chronic airways obstruction.
AB  - A study was carried out on the use of theophylline (240 mg by infusion) as a
      functional diagnostic test in patients showing severe chronic airways
      obstruction. The preliminary results suggested that the pharmacologic action of
      theophylline (a bronchodilating and vasoactive drug) helps discriminate the
      different types of anatomo-functional impairments present during a severe chronic
      bronchial obstruction. The changes in VA and VA/Qc induced by the drug were
      evaluated. The presence of a lesion mainly affecting the airways or the
      parenchyma of the lung might be identified by these changes.

PMID- 4030165
TI  - Variation in the relationship between serum and saliva lithium levels.
AB  - This study has been carried out to find out the reasons for the wide variations
      observed in the correlation between serum and saliva lithium levels. Serum/saliva
      lithium levels were monitored in 10 individuals on 6 occasions. The correlation
      coefficient (r) varied within individuals from 0.19 to 0.91 (p less than 0.025)
      whereas when all the individuals were considered simultaneously, it was 0.59 (p
      less than 0.005). It was concluded that prediction of serum lithium levels from
      salivary lithium levels would only be possible in those individuals showing good
      correlation. The variability in this correlation could be mainly due to inter
      individual variations in the particular sample of individuals studied.

PMID- 4030166
TI  - Clinical results obtained with a combination of an anti-inflammatory steroid, an
      antibacterial agent and an antifungal in dermatological outpatient practice.
AB  - Forty outpatients with skin diseases were treated with an extempore combination
      of three creams, the respective bases of which were beclomethasone dipropionate,
      sodium fusidate and ketoconazole. Positive results were obtained in 97.5% of the
      cases with good relief of symptoms and excellent local tolerance in all cases
      treated.

PMID- 4030167
TI  - Use of a combination of an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid, an antibacterial
      agent and an antifungal in the local post-operative treatment of cutaneo-mucosal
      diseases following cryosurgery.
AB  - Forty-two patients undergoing cryosurgery for skin diseases were treated by means
      of the simultaneous application of three creams, the respective bases of which
      were beclomethasone dipropionate, sodium fusidate and ketoconazole. The treatment
      produced excellent results, preventing bacterial and/or mycotic superinfections
      and relieving the edema and erythema caused by the operation in 97.6% of cases.
      Local tolerance was optimal in all cases; no adverse reactions of any kind being
      reported.

PMID- 4030168
TI  - Environmental considerations for substance use/misuse intervention.

PMID- 4030169
TI  - Adoption of the Uniform Alcoholism Act and the availability of alcoholism
      treatment programs: a state-by-state examination.
AB  - This research examines geographic differences in the availability of alcoholism
      treatment programs throughout the United States. Using a substantially complete
      national listing of alcoholism treatment programs, significant differences in
      treatment availability based upon state, division, and region were found. The
      variations in treatment availability were strongly related to the adoption of the
      Uniform Alcoholism Act, with the influence of the UAA being more pronounced in
      nonmetropolitan areas. Treatment availability was only weakly related to the
      extent of alcohol-related problems. It is suggested that the UAA may be adopted
      through the social mandates of metropolitan areas and that nonmetropolitan areas
      respond with increased treatment availability as a result of the legal mandate of
      the legislation. It is concluded that without the official redefinition of
      alcoholism as a condition requiring treatment, the establishment of an adequate
      treatment capability is severely impaired.

PMID- 4030170
TI  - Specific targeting of prevention programs in alcohol and drug dependence.

PMID- 4030171
TI  - Systematic toxicity testing of drugs.

PMID- 4030173
TI  - A personalized power scale for the prediction of alcoholism.
AB  - An objective test measure of personalized power was developed to test
      McClelland's hypothesis. Four existing personality questionnaires that have been
      considered to be relevant to personalized power were used. These scales were
      administered to 50 patients in a Veterans Administration alcoholism program and
      to 50 VA medical outpatients. Items which discriminated the groups at the p less
      than or equal to .20 level were included in a new scale, which was then cross
      validated on a new group of alcoholics and medical outpatients. The resulting 34
      item scale was internally consistent (.83) and correctly classified 76% of the
      alcoholics and 94% of the medical outpatients. Overall, 86% were correctly
      classified as compared to an overall correct classification by the MacAndrew
      Scale of 67% on the same population. While the personalized power dimension
      seemed to add to the scale's predictive ability, the contribution of that
      dimension appears to be modest at best.

PMID- 4030172
TI  - Cross-cultural perspectives on teenage attitudes to alcohol.
AB  - Six hundred and seventy-seven indigenous Papua New Guinean, 315 Australian, and
      166 American high school teenagers completed a series of measures on attitudes to
      alcohol. Papua New Guinean students differed most from other students in
      considering that money was wasted on alcohol and that preventive steps should be
      adopted to ban sales of take-away alcohol. In addition, Papua New Guinean males
      and females were more likely than other teenagers to feel that women should not
      drink alcoholic beverages. Within countries, males and females had fairly similar
      attitudes about alcohol and alcohol-related issues, and where differences
      occurred, males generally were less likely to highlight the costs of alcohol
      abuse.

PMID- 4030174
TI  - The role of tourism in alcohol-related highway fatalities.
AB  - Tourism and fatal single motor vehicle accidents, an index of alcohol-related
      motor accidents, are examined in a cross-sectional analysis of the 50 states of
      the Union and the District of Columbia. A multiple regression model is employed
      in which average mileage driven, percent of metropolitan residents, and number of
      licensed drivers are statistically controlled. Tourism is found to be positively
      associated with the single motor vehicle fatality rate. Further research and
      policy implications are discussed.

PMID- 4030175
TI  - Ethanol disposition in man: comparison of breathalyzer and two methods of gas
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - Blood and plasma ethanol concentrations were determined in 12 healthy male
      volunteers by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) using direct injection (DI),
      headspace injection (HSI), and Breathalyzer (BR) analyses. Plasma concentrations
      as well as the blood:breath partition ratio of ethanol were higher by GLC-DI than
      by GLC-HSI. Regardless of analytical method used, the concentrations of ethanol
      in blood and rate of ethanol clearance from blood or plasma were unchanged. The
      partition ratio upon which the BR data are based appears adequate for individuals
      with normal pulmonary function.

PMID- 4030176
TI  - Temporal patterns of smoking topography in the natural environment.
AB  - Temporal patterns of smoking topography were studied in the natural environment.
      Six smokers smoked all cigarettes over a 10-day period using a small portable
      electronic recording device which allowed the measurement of a number of aspects
      of smoking topography. When the data were averaged in 2-hour blocks across the 10
      day smoking period, all subjects except one showed differences in smoking
      topography as a function of time of day. There was considerable intersubject
      variability in the aspects of smoking topography which varied over the smoking
      day, and subjects also differed in the pattern of changes seen.

PMID- 4030177
TI  - Relaxation, noise-induced stress, and autonomic responsivity in male alcoholics
      and normal controls.
AB  - Skin conductance and heart rate activity were monitored in male alcoholics and
      normal controls before, during, and after the presentation of high-intensity (100
      db) white noise. Analysis of nonstressful, pre- and postnoise periods indicated a
      relatively nonlabile pattern characterizing alcoholics as they exhibited lower
      skin conductance levels than normals and showed no changes in activity either
      within or between resting sessions. A similar pattern was observed in response to
      noise-induced stress as alcoholics exhibited significantly smaller changes in
      skin conductance and heart rate activity.

PMID- 4030178
TI  - Clinical experience with 781 cases of alcoholism evaluated and treated on an
      inpatient basis by various methods.
AB  - A retrospective study of 781 alcoholics detoxified at two treatment centers
      suggested that magnesium sulfate was significant in preventing seizures and that
      benzodiazepines were essential in minimizing other complications. Future
      investigations should determine the most effective mineral dosage levels for
      alcohol detoxification.

PMID- 4030179
TI  - Some principles of short-term group therapy.

PMID- 4030180
TI  - Guidelines for the practice of brief, dynamic group therapy.

PMID- 4030181
TI  - Utilizing group process in crisis-waiting-list groups.

PMID- 4030182
TI  - Time-limited inpatient group therapy: a developmental model.

PMID- 4030183
TI  - The problem-solving support group: structured group therapy with psychiatric
      inpatients.

PMID- 4030184
TI  - The value of inpatient group psychotherapy: patients' perceptions.

PMID- 4030185
TI  - Leadership in short-term group therapy: manipulation or facilitation?

PMID- 4030186
TI  - Justification of the 4-mmol/l lactate threshold.

PMID- 4030187
TI  - Hemorrheology of marathon running.
AB  - The hemorheological effects of severe exertion were evaluated in eight males and
      six females before and after a marathon. A highly significant fall in red cell
      filterability (RCF) was accompanied by a significant rise in plasma osmolality.
      This correlation was further studied by a series of in vitro experiments to
      establish a cause-effect relationship. As plasma osmolality increased, RCF
      progressively diminished. These observations demonstrate that plasma
      hyperosmolality is an important etiological factor in reducing RCF during
      strenuous exercise.

PMID- 4030188
TI  - Serum lipids in power athletes self-administering testosterone and anabolic
      steroids.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of testosterone
      and anabolic steroids on serum lipids in power athletes. Altogether 11 national
      top-level adult athletes completed the study. Five of them volunteered for the
      study group and the rest for controls. The follow-up consisted of 9 months of a
      strength training period. During the first 6 months, the subjects in the study
      group self-administered androgenic steroids on an average of 57 +/- 24.9 mg/day.
      The most interesting observation was the extremely low high-density lipoprotein
      (HDL) and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations of the androgen users. After 8 weeks of
      training, the study group had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower HDL
      cholesterol concentrations than the control group (0.53 +/- 0.11 and 1.14 +/-
      0.19 mmol/l, respectively). This difference remained significant from 8 to 32
      weeks of training. No systematic changes were observed in the control group. The
      HDL2 cholesterol concentration decreased by about 80% (P less than 0.01) and HDL3
      cholesterol by about 55% (P less than 0.01) from the onset values in the study
      group. A substantial decrease in HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol and in HDL2
      cholesterol to HDL3 cholesterol ratios were also noticed under the influence of
      exogenous androgens. The results of this study suggest that the sustained use of
      testosterone and anabolic steroids have a marked unfavorable effect on the
      pattern of HDL cholesterol in the serum of male power athletes.

PMID- 4030189
TI  - Thermoregulatory responses to weight training.
AB  - Thermoregulatory responses of eight healthy males (age 25.5 +/- 4.5 yrs) were
      studied during weight training comprising 3 sets of 15 repetitions of 9 exercises
      performed at a work cadence of 15 repetitions.min-1 with 1-min recovery
      intervals. The load for each exercise was increased from 50% of the 15-repetition
      maximum for the first set to 75% and 100% for the second and third sets,
      respectively. The thermoregulatory response was characterized by only moderate
      sweat rates (0.69 +/- 0.18 l.h-1) and rectal temperature rises (1.3 degree +/-
      0.4 degree C, P less than 0.001), suggesting that dehydration and hyperthermia
      are unlikely to complicate weight training of the format used in this study.
      Despite a considerable lactic acidosis, small elevations in serum levels of
      aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase occurred, the core
      temperature rise being inadequate for significant cellular damage to ensue. Serum
      electrolyte levels measured immediately and 24 h post-exercise indicated that
      electrolyte supplementation is unlikely to be of benefit. Weight training induced
      a marked reduction of plasma volume (11.8% +/- 3.7%, P less than 0.001) in the
      presence of a minor water deficit (0.8% +/- 0.23%) and an O2 consumption of 32%
      +/- 8% of the predetermined treadmill exercise maximal O2 consumption. This
      finding suggests that exercise intensity as assessed by percentage maximal
      voluntary contraction rather than percentage maximal O2 consumption might
      determine the degree of hemoconcentration encountered during exercise.

PMID- 4030190
TI  - Exercises for knee flexors and extensors in uninjured soccer players: effects of
      two different programs.
AB  - The effects of two 4-week training programs on knee flexor and extensor strength
      were measured isokinetically (angular velocity 30 degrees, 180 degrees/s) and
      isometrically in division IV soccer players. Group A followed a team training
      program and group B an individual weight training program. Group C served as
      controls. Muscle strength was not increased by soccer training alone, but was
      increased by the individual training program, which resulted in significantly
      better knee extensor strength than did the team training program.

PMID- 4030191
TI  - Shoulder dislocation in skiing: choice of surgical method depending on the degree
      of humeral retrotorsion.
AB  - Shoulder dislocation is one of the typical upper extremity injuries in skiing,
      first following a violent accident but quite frequently recurring without new
      trauma. This article discusses the retrotorsional angle of the humerus as an
      etiological factor in the occurrence of an initial dislocation and as a
      triggering element for its recurrence. It focuses on the consequences to be drawn
      for the surgical treatment of recurrent shoulder dislocation. A technique for
      exact determination of the humeral angle of retrotorsion by X-ray is presented.
      In patients with recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder joint, the
      retrotorsional angle of the humerus is pathologically reduced as compared to the
      control group. The method of surgical therapy is determined by the individual
      deviance from the average value.

PMID- 4030192
TI  - Somatotype of athletes and their performance.

PMID- 4030193
TI  - Effects of pedal frequency on VO2 and work output at lactate threshold (LT),
      fixed blood lactate concentrations of 2 mM and 4 mM, and max in competitive
      cyclists.
AB  - To determine the effects of differing pedal frequencies on VO2 and work output
      values at the lactate threshold (LT), fixed blood lactate concentrations of 2 mM
      and 4 mM (2 mM, 4 mM), and at max, nine male competitive road racing cyclists
      (USCF category I or II) completed three VO2 max tests; on a Monark bicycle
      ergometer, at pedal frequencies of 60, 90, and 120 rpm. Each stage was 3 min in
      duration, starting at 0 kgm/min with subsequent stages increased by either 180
      kgm/min (60 and 120 rpm) or 178 kgm/min (90 rpm). Blood samples were taken during
      the last 30 s of each stage. VO2 and work output at LT, 2 mM, and 4 mM were
      determined from individual blood lactate-work rate and VO2-work rate
      relationships. VO2 max and maximal work output were chosen as the peak values
      observed during the VO2 max tests. Results indicated that work output at LT, 2
      mM, and 4 mM was affected by choice of pedal frequency (1278, 1140, 999 kgm/min
      at LT; 1533, 1450, 1182 kgm/min at 2 mM; 1780, 1703, 1487 kgm/min at 4 mM; for
      60, 90, and 120 rpm, respectively, P less than 0.05). Max work output at 60 and
      90 rpm was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than at 120 rpm (2035, 2053,
      1879 kgm/min for 60, 90, and 120 rpm, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4030194
TI  - An unusual lesion in the knee of a breaststroke swimmer.
AB  - In a 21-year-old male breaststroke swimmer with characteristic symptoms in the
      medial aspect of the knee joint, synovial leakage suggesting medial capsular
      rupture caused by the whip kick was demonstrated arthrographically.

PMID- 4030195
TI  - Reduced hemoglobin concentration and red cell hemoglobinization in Italian
      marathon and ultramarathon runners.
AB  - Red blood cell indices, serum iron, and serum ferritin concentration were
      determined in 45 marathon runners, 56 ultramarathon runners, and 32 healthy
      sedentary controls. A significant reduction of hemoglobin concentration,
      hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin
      concentration, mean corpuscular volume, serum iron, and serum ferritin were found
      in marathon runners compared to control subjects. The same variables were also
      reduced, but to a lesser extent, in the less trained ultramarathon runners. The
      decreased hemoglobin concentration demonstrated in the runners examined is
      related to both a reduced mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and a reduced
      hematocrit and may depend on a reduction of the body iron stores.

PMID- 4030196
TI  - Stabilometry recordings in functional and mechanical instability of the ankle
      joint.
AB  - Functional instability, i.e. recurrent sprains or a feeling of giving way in the
      joint, is common after ankle sprain. Using stabilometry, an objective and
      quantitative method for studying postural control, we earlier showed that soccer
      players with pathological stabilometric results are at risk for ankle joint
      injury. In the present study we found that the ability to maintain postural
      equilibrium as demonstrated by stabilometry was reduced among players with
      functional instability, but was not affected by mechanical instability. The
      results indicate that coordination and postural control are important for
      functional instability of the ankle.

PMID- 4030197
TI  - Therapeutic doses of phenylpropanolamine increase supine systolic blood pressure.
AB  - The anorectic agent phenylpropanolamine (PPA) has a low therapeutic index and can
      cause severe hypertension at doses as low as 85 mg. To determine the effects of a
      therapeutic dose on blood pressure, PPA 37.5 mg (as a commercially available
      immediate release formulation) or placebo was administered orally to ten
      normotensive subjects using a randomized double-blinded crossover design. The
      mean increase in supine systolic blood pressure (BP) was greater after PPA (18.5
      +/- 10.7 mmHg) than after placebo (5.1 +/- 5.4 mmHg, P = 0.005). Increases in
      systolic BP after PPA ranged from 8 to 43 mmHg. The BP increase due to PPA was
      postural, and there was no change in sitting or standing BP. Doses of PPA
      available in over-the-counter formulations can increase supine systolic BP.
      Recent use of products containing PPA should be considered when evaluating
      patients with hypertension.

PMID- 4030198
TI  - Suppression of norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis in human obesity by diet and
      weight loss.
AB  - The response of metabolic rate to norepinephrine infusion was studied in seven
      obese subjects before and after large amounts of weight loss. Resting metabolic
      rate fell from a mean of 2254 kcal (9.4 MJ) to 1682 kcal (7.0 MJ) per 24 h. The
      thermic response to norepinephrine infusion was reduced by 50 percent from 7527
      (31.5 MJ) to 3369 (14.0 MJ) kcal/24 h/T0-45 following weight loss and on
      continued diet. This adaptation to weight loss could contribute to the diminished
      rate of weight loss that occurs with continued dieting. Previous contradictory
      findings of normal and reduced norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis in human
      obesity could result from subjects being studied under different dietary
      conditions.

PMID- 4030199
TI  - Quetelet's index (W/H2) as a measure of fatness.
AB  - A weight-height index of adiposity should indicate the relative fatness of
      subjects of differing height unless obesity is itself correlated with height. The
      average body fat among adult women attending a hospital outpatient clinic for
      obesity was 40.5 percent of body weight. The height of an unselected series of
      286 of these outpatients was found to be similar to that of the general
      population of women of similar age, which indicates that obesity in adult women
      is not significantly related to height. Body composition was measured by body
      density, body water and body potassium in a series of 104 female and 24 male
      subjects aged 14-60 years. In both sexes density, water and potassium gave
      progressively higher estimates of body fat (kg), and there was a significant
      difference between the values by different methods. The average of the estimates
      by these three methods was taken to be the 'true' value for each individual (F
      kg). Regression of F/H2 on W/H2 (Quetelet's index) gave a correlation coefficient
      of 0.955 for women and 0.943 for men. The deviation of the body fat estimated
      from Quetelet's formula from the 'true' value was not much greater than that when
      density, water or potassium were used as a basis for estimating body fat. It is
      concluded that Quetelet's formula is both a convenient and reliable indicator of
      obesity.

PMID- 4030200
TI  - External responsiveness to food and non-food cues among obese and non-obese
      children.
AB  - External responsiveness to food and non-food cues was studied among 112 obese and
      134 non-obese children ranging in age from 42 to 156 months. Subjects viewed five
      food and five non-food items and stated a preference between an immediate smaller
      and a delayed larger choice. Young (ages 3-5 years) children's abilities to delay
      gratification were significantly lower than were those of school children, a
      finding consistent with research on delay of gratification. Obese subjects at
      both ages had lower delay scores for immediate gratification on food items than
      did non-obese subjects. The delay scores of obese and non-obese subjects on non
      food items were not significantly different from each other. Results were
      discussed in terms of the ontogeny of externality.

PMID- 4030201
TI  - Localization and associated histopathology of asexually proliferative
      Mesocestoides corti tetrathyridia (Cestoda) infecting mouse mammary glands.

PMID- 4030202
TI  - Characterization of Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax by isoenzyme analysis.

PMID- 4030203
TI  - Immunization and immunosuppression in mice reared for high or low immune
      responsiveness against Nematospiroides dubius.

PMID- 4030204
TI  - Spermatogenesis in a nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.

PMID- 4030205
TI  - The effect of dosage regimen on the efficacy of cambendazole against Trichinella
      spiralis.

PMID- 4030206
TI  - The site distribution of adult strongyle parasites in the large intestines of
      horses in tropical Australia.

PMID- 4030207
TI  - Immune responses to Trichinella pseudospiralis and Trichinella spiralis in mice.

PMID- 4030208
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: parasitology and immunology of baboons vaccinated with
      irradiated cryopreserved schistosomula.

PMID- 4030209
TI  - Influence of primary infection on the population dynamics of Nematospiroides
      dubius after challenge infections in mice.

PMID- 4030210
TI  - Experimental observations on the transmission of Schistosoma margrebowiei
      miracidia.

PMID- 4030211
TI  - Morphological studies on the early development of Taenia taeniaeformis larvae in
      susceptible mice.

PMID- 4030212
TI  - Damage and early destruction of Taenia taeniaeformis larvae in resistant hosts,
      and anomalous development in susceptible hosts: a light microscopic and
      ultrastructural study.

PMID- 4030213
TI  - An ultrastructural study on the encapsulation of microfilariae of Brugia pahangi
      in the haemocoel of Anopheles quadrimaculatus.

PMID- 4030214
TI  - Phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in adult Dirofilaria immitis females.

PMID- 4030215
TI  - Synthesis of protected peptides with the sequence 8-13-1-3 and 4-13-1-3 of
      mycobacillin and their analogs.
AB  - We have synthesized both a protected nonapeptide of the mycobacillin 8-13-1-3
      amino acid sequence and a protected tridecapeptide of the 4-13-1-3 sequence,
      which are a fragment and a open chain analog of this antibiotic, respectively.
      Some of their analogs with a reversed configuration of the amino acids at fixed
      positions have also been synthesized. The nonapeptides were obtained by coupling
      partially protected mycobacillin fragments with the sequence 8-10 and 11-13-1-3
      while the tridecapeptides were synthesized by coupling partially protected
      fragments 4-7 and 8-13-1-3. Configuration analogs of these fragments were also
      used. The coupling methods applied were DCCI/HONSu or DCCI/HOBt. The purification
      of the synthesized peptides was achieved by means of recrystallization or column
      chromatography on silica gel. They were characterized mainly by m.p., degree of
      optical rotation, elemental and amino acid analysis.

PMID- 4030216
TI  - Solution conformations of valinomycin-divalent cation complexes.
AB  - The solution conformations of complexes of valinomycin with magnesium and
      strontium were investigated by circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance and
      infrared techniques. The results were compared with our earlier results on
      lithium, calcium, manganese and barium complexes. All these cations, except
      lithium, form 2:1 ion sandwich and 1:1 carrier-cation complexes with valinomycin.
      The 1:1 complex has a conformation different from that of the valinomycin
      potassium complex. Lithium forms only the 1:1 complex. Strontium and barium form
      a large number of 1:2 complexes with open conformations rapidly interconverting
      in solution in addition to the above 2:1 and 1:1 complexes. These observations
      are rationalized taking into account the ionic radii and coordination numbers of
      the cations and the conformational restraints of valinomycin molecules. It is
      suggested that cations with co-ordination numbers of about six (magnesium and
      calcium) form the 2:1 and 1:1 complexes whereas those with higher co-ordination
      numbers (strontium and barium) form 1:2 complexes also.

PMID- 4030217
TI  - Formation of water-soluble complex between the 1-34 fragment of parathyroid
      hormone and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine.
AB  - Two biologically active, 34 amino acid fragments of parathyroid hormone interact
      with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine to form lipoprotein particles. In the lipid
      bound form these parathyroid hormone peptides exhibit an increased amount of
      folded secondary structure and the tryptophan residue of [Nle8, Nle18, Tyr34] b
      PTH (1-34) amide appears to become buried in a more hydrophobic environment. The
      lipoprotein particle which is formed has dimensions of approximately 65 X 7 nm
      but aggregates to larger structures with increasing temperature. Above the phase
      transition of the phospholipid the peptides no longer affect the morphology of
      the lipid and the spectral properties of the peptide are not perturbed by the
      lipid. This is similar to the behavior of glucagon with
      dimyristoylphatidylcholine. The results indicate that several nonhomologous
      peptide hormones have common features which allow them to fold into an
      amphipathic helix and solubilize phospholipid.

PMID- 4030218
TI  - Effect of alkylation with different sized substituents on the conformation of
      ovomucoid, lysozyme and ovotransferrin.
AB  - Conformational changes induced in ovomucoid, lysozyme and ovotransferrin on
      reductive addition of different sized substituents have been studied employing
      differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and circular dichroic spectroscopy (CD).
      The thermograms obtained by DSC revealed that extensive introduction of methyl,
      isopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl or n-butyl groups has a detrimental
      effect on thermal stability (enthalpy of denaturation); the effect generally
      increases with the size of the substituent. Circular dichroic spectra were
      affected only to a very limited extent by the modifications, near-u.v. spectra
      remaining much the same while far-u.v. spectra displayed minor changes. The
      general conclusion drawn is that the modifications had only limited effects on
      the conformation of the proteins while, nonetheless, perturbing (or breaking)
      long-range intramolecular interactions so as to destabilize the structure.
      Derivatization of lysozyme and ovotransferrin with some of the larger groups has
      been reported to result in spontaneous precipitation of the proteins [Fretheim,
      K., Iwai, S. & Feeney, R.E. (1979) Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 14, 451-456]. The
      present investigation indicates that precipitation was caused by (partial)
      denaturation (and ensuing aggregation) as a consequence of modification.

PMID- 4030219
TI  - Round table on treatment of macular degeneration, possibilities of argon and
      krypton lasers.

PMID- 4030220
TI  - Clinical usefulness of cellulose acetate electrophoresis as a screening of
      proteinuria in childhood.
AB  - Urine samples from 110 patients with different proteinuric diseases in childhood
      were analysed by Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis (CAE) and several samples were
      also analysed by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE). CAE allowed the classification of proteinurias into 4 patterns; Tubular,
      Glomerular I, Glomerular II and Glomerular III, by albumin/globulin ratio, value
      of % gamma globulin fraction (% gamma) and alpha 1/alpha 2 globulin ratio.
      Proteinurias of the Tubular pattern included various diseases with tubular
      proteinuria, while proteinurias of the Glomerular I, II and III patterns included
      mainly postural proteinuria, proteinuria of nephrotic syndrome and proteinuria of
      various nephropathies, respectively. SDS-PAGE confirmed the tubular and the
      glomerular origins of the proteins. In the present study we described the
      clinical usefulness of CAE in the screening of proteinuric children for the
      following reasons. This method could be performed easily and immediately. This is
      one of the necessities for mass screening of proteinuric children. CAE can be
      helpful as one of indications of renal biopsy, since patients with the Glomerular
      III pattern often showed glomerular alterations and should be diagnosed
      histologically. Good correlation between % gamma and clinical data was found in
      follow-up study, so CAE is also helpful in understanding the disease course.
      Thus. CAE is recommended as a routine screening method of proteinuria as well as
      SDS-PAGE.

PMID- 4030221
TI  - Incorporation of 35sulfate into the glomerular basement membrane in puromycin
      aminonucleoside nephrosis.
AB  - The in vitro incorporation of 35sulfate into the glomerular basement membrane
      (GBM) of rats with puromycin aminonucleoside was compared with that of normal
      rats. 35Sulfate incorporation into the GBM of glomeruli from nephrotic rats did
      not differ significantly from that observed in normal rats. These data suggest
      that 35sulfate anionic charges in the GBM play no important role in the
      pathogenesis of the proteinuria in this experimental model.

PMID- 4030222
TI  - Computerized tomography of the brain in children with chronic renal failure.
AB  - We performed computerized tomography (CT) of the brain in 22 patients, 2 to 18
      years of age, with stable chronic renal failure (n = 6), on dialysis (n = 14) and
      after renal transplantation (n = 2). None suffered from a systemic disease known
      to affect the central nervous system (CNS) and none had overt CNS dysfunction at
      the time of the CT examination. The most striking pathological finding was brain
      atrophy, which was present in 13 patients (59%). In two patients cortical
      infarcts were present and one patient was found to have a hypodense area in the
      basal ganglia. The brain atrophy could not be related to the type of basic renal
      disease, the age of the patient, corticosteroid dosage, the duration of the renal
      failure or the presence of hypertension However, the mode of treatment, i.c.
      hemodialysis, seemed to be a risk factor. We assume that metabolic derangements
      and/or the accumulation of toxic substances due to the uremic state may be
      responsible for the brain atrophy in young patients with CRF. Recurrent osmotic
      changes of the brain during hemodialysis may aggravate the process of brain
      atrophy.

PMID- 4030223
TI  - The dental status of children with chronic renal failure.
AB  - We evaluated the dental status of thirty children with chronic renal failure
      (CRF): 15 managed conservatively, 9 on dialysis replacement therapy and 6 after
      kidney transplant. Dental age was delayed, but to a lesser extent than bone age;
      this delay was most marked where CRF occurred before 7 years of age. Eruption age
      was only minimally delayed. Eighteen patients (60%) showed enamel defects, mainly
      hypoplasia, the location of which was related to the age at which major metabolic
      changes of uremia appeared. In 9 children (30%) there was intrinsic discoloration
      of the teeth--this was also related to the severity and duration of CRF. Compared
      to normal Israeli children our patients showed poor oral hygiene and gingival
      condition, but a significantly lower prevalence of caries. Seven patients (23%)
      showed mild radiologic changes in the jawbones (mainly loss of lamina dura), the
      severity of which was related to the severity and duration of CRF. None of the
      above findings could be related to specific metabolic disturbances.

PMID- 4030224
TI  - Thalassemia B with distal renal tubular acidosis: a previously undescribed
      association.
AB  - An infant with beta thalassemia major and distal renal tubular acidosis is
      described. Screening of forty patients with beta thalassemia major revealed no
      evidence of renal tubular acidosis. Although the possibility of coincidence
      cannot be completely excluded, we suggest that beta thalassemia major should be
      added to the list of conditions associated with distal renal tubular acidosis.

PMID- 4030226
TI  - Abstracts. 1st National Congress of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology.
      May 14-15, 1985, Naples, Italy.

PMID- 4030225
TI  - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

PMID- 4030228
TI  - Use of community services by the elderly 3 and 12 months after discharge from
      hospital.
AB  - The evidence that admission to hospital affects the use of community services by
      the elderly is conflicting and incomplete. 2711 over 65's admitted to acute
      hospitals in Wales were studied, using a postal questionnaire, comparing services
      used before and after admission. Usage of services did increase although at 1
      year had dropped back. The patterns of usage are described, relating them to the
      types of patient. Entering hospital did not lead to losing contact with community
      services previously used.

PMID- 4030227
TI  - Divergent membrane maturation in rat kidney: exposure by dietary taurine
      manipulation.
AB  - Taurinuria is characteristic of the immature rat. The excessive taurine loss
      could be the result of brush border or basal lateral membrane immaturity. The
      beta-amino acid, taurine, and D-glucose were examined using isolated brush border
      membrane vesicles (BBMV), slices and tubules prepared from 28-day-old rats. In
      BBMV, taurine accumulation was inversely proportional to osmolarity, indicating
      uptake rather than binding, and taurine accumulation was Na+-dependent. BBMV from
      28-day rats did not accumulate D-glucose to the same degree as in adult BBMV, and
      the initial rate of uptake was slower. Taurine uptake had a similar Km and Vmax
      in BBMV from immature rats. Despite similarities in the kinetics of taurine
      uptake, higher urinary taurine concentrations are found in younger rats. The
      efflux of taurine from slices and tubules was much slower than in adults and
      probably accounts for the taurinuria of young animals. A diet low in methionine
      and taurine (LTD) given for seven days resulted in a lower excretion and
      fractional excretion of taurine than in animals fed a normal sulfur amino acid
      diet (NTD). A high-taurine diet (HTD) causes excessive taurinuria. These patterns
      of excretion are reflected at the brush border membrane surface with greater
      uptake after the LTD and reduced uptake after the HTD. A kinetic analysis of
      adult and 28-day-old animal BBMV reveals that the Vmax of accumulation is altered
      by diet, whereas the Km remains unchanged. The Vmax is higher in BBMV from LTD
      animals and lower in BBMV from HTD animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030229
TI  - Application of the Classification of Disabilities to children from 12 to under 16
      years of age.
AB  - In 1984 we investigated 480 physically and/or mentally impaired children, in the
      age group 12-16 years, including 208 mentally handicapped children. They were
      classified with the help of the International Classifications of Disability
      (WHO). We analysed the frequency distributions of every item of the
      Classification of Disability. As a result of this analysis we suggest a reduction
      of the number of categories.

PMID- 4030230
TI  - What would physiotherapists in geriatric medicine do if they had more staff?
AB  - Forty-one per cent of UK physiotherapy departments responding to a questionnaire
      felt that they had sufficient staff, and these had more physiotherapists per
      elderly population than those who felt that they had insufficient staff. At
      present 77% of therapist time is spent in direct patient contact. There were
      areas where it appeared that an excessive amount of time was being spent in
      administration etc. Therapists felt that, with more staff, there would be an
      increase in the intensity of treatment, group therapy, work with long-stay
      patients and more pre-discharge home visits. Very few units would carry out
      research even if more time was available.

PMID- 4030231
TI  - Hearing disorders in childhood, some procedures for detection, identification and
      diagnostic evaluation.
AB  - Hearing disability in childhood is a sign/symptom which should be detected, in
      order to avoid developmental disorders in language, speech, psychological and
      mental behavior. For proper treatment the hearing thresholds should be identified
      and the site of lesion evaluated in order to obtain a classification of the
      hearing loss. The causative factor(s) of the hearing disorder should be evaluated
      by means of an interdisciplinary cooperation. This review summarizes the results
      obtained in a series of investigations dealing with some procedures for
      detection, identification and nosological classification of hearing impairment in
      childhood. Based on these investigations a model for an examination program is
      proposed. This model requires interdisciplinary cooperation, preferably
      established at assessment centers. Prospective studies performed at these centers
      may offer precise data on the epidemiology of hearing disorders. Consequently
      preventive measures may be applied in order to reduce the number of children
      suffering from the symptom of hearing loss.

PMID- 4030232
TI  - Noise-induced hearing loss and portable radios with headphones.
AB  - Portable radio/cassette players with headphones have gained increasing popularity
      in recent years. Volume settings are often increased to override environmental
      noise, perhaps placing the listener at risk for noise-induced hearing loss
      (NIHL). A total of 190 public college students in NYC were studied via a self
      administered questionnaire regarding the volume setting used and weekly exposure
      in hours to these units. Three popular models were tested using a Bruel and Kjaer
      sound level meter, octave band filter and artificial ear. Sound levels were
      measured at various frequencies (250-8000 Hz) and an overall measurement obtained
      using the "A"-weighted scale. Based on OSHA criteria for permissible noise dose
      (i.e. intensity X duration) in the work place, auditory risk criteria were
      developed. Of all students who used such radios 31.4% equalled or exceeded the
      maximum allowable dose permitted by these criteria (41.2% of the males and 29.2%
      of females). This sex-related difference in risk, while not statistically
      significant, warrants further investigation. Of the total 'at risk' group 50%
      exceeded the risk criteria by more than 100%. These results suggest that portable
      radios with headphones may be capable of causing permanent hearing loss in a
      large proportion of radio users.

PMID- 4030234
TI  - Recurrent suppurative thyroiditis due to fourth branchial pouch sinus.
AB  - Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rare disease in childhood. The etiology of
      this condition is not always obvious. The description of a pharyngeal pouch
      fistula extending from the pyriform sinus to the thyroid gland or perithyroid
      area, high-lighted the etiopathogenesis of some of the thyroiditis cases.
      Presented here are the clinical, radiological and pathological aspects of an
      internal pharyngeal fistula manifesting with recurrent suppurative thyroiditis,
      until it was completely removed. The clinical features of caudal branchial pouch
      remnants and their role in the development of acute suppurative thyroiditis is
      reviewed.

PMID- 4030233
TI  - Maturation of auditory brainstem potentials in neonates and infants.
AB  - Auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABP) were recorded in 59 healthy neonates
      and infants whose age ranged from 3 days to 18 months (6 age groups). Latencies
      of individual waves and the interpeak latencies (IPL) of I-III, III-V and I-V
      were analysed. A different maturational pattern was observed in the
      pontomedullary and the pontomesencephalic segments of the brainstem. Latencies of
      all waves except wave I were longer in male than in female babies. Establishment
      of normative data related to the technical variables employed by the individual
      team is a sine qua non prerequisite for adequate neurological evaluation of ABP.

PMID- 4030235
TI  - Auditory brainstem response (ABR) to tone pips in hearing-impaired children.
AB  - The correspondence between ABR thresholds to tone pips and behavioral thresholds
      at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz was studied in 13 normal and 55 hearing-impaired
      children, including 42 sensori-neural losses and 13 conductive losses. The
      children's ages ranged from 1 year 3 months to 8 years. Tone pips were provided
      with 2-cycle rise-fall times and 2-cycle plateaus. The correlations between the
      two measures were highly significant at 3 frequencies both in sensori-neural
      losses and conductive losses. In the subjects with sensori-neural losses, the ABR
      thresholds tended to be lower than the behavioral thresholds. Mean threshold
      differences between the ABR and behavioral audiometry at each frequency in
      sensori-neural losses were 1.6, 0.26 and 5.8 dB, respectively. On the other hand,
      in the subjects with conductive losses, the ABR thresholds were higher than the
      behavioral ones by 9.6, 7.8 and 7.5 dB at respective frequencies. Therefore, the
      hearing acuity in young children with sensori-neural losses can be predicted with
      accuracy from the ABR thresholds to tone-pips at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz.

PMID- 4030236
TI  - Normal values of mucociliary transport time in young subjects.
AB  - The authors studied the behaviour of nasal mucociliary transport (MCT) in 54 (33
      female/21 male) normal children aged between 3 and 12 years, in orthostatic and
      clinostatic positions. The nasal MCT time was recorded with the stained tracer
      method; vegetal coal powder was used since it fulfills the required
      characteristics: it is neither toxic, nor soluble and can be easily detected. The
      examinations were carried out at the same time of day on two consecutive days
      under the same conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The statistical
      analysis of the results indicated an average nasal MCT time of 9.96 +/- 2.61 min
      in the orthostatic (upright) position and of 9.98 +/- 2.31 min in the clinostatic
      (lying) position: these values should be considered normal. No statistically
      significant difference was noted attributable to sex or posture.

PMID- 4030237
TI  - Treatment of infantile subglottic hemangioma. A report of 49 cases.
AB  - Forty-nine laryngeal subglottic hemangiomas were observed in infants over a 9
      year period. The diagnosis was always confirmed by direct laryngoscopy. The
      outcome of 42 of these hemangiomas was studied. A total of 26 infants recovered
      completely after medical treatment and 16 were intubated; only 4 underwent a
      tracheostomy. Short-term steroid therapy was sufficient in 7 infants, but long
      term administration of corticosteroids was necessary in 14 cases. In 10 of the 16
      intubated cases it was possible to withdraw corticosteroids permanently. Of the 6
      remaining cases, 32P contact radiation therapy was tried in 2 cases of which one
      was successful, CO2 laser in 2 cases without success, tracheostomy alone in one
      case and one child died 2 months after extubation, without dyspnea. This series
      leads us to recommend corticosteroids as a first therapeutic step and short-term
      nasotracheal intubation if unsuccessful.

PMID- 4030238
TI  - Chronic pediatric tracheotomy: assessment and implications for habilitation of
      voice, speech and language in young children.
AB  - The effect of chronic tracheotomy on the acquisition of voice, speech, and
      language skills was studied. Children with chronological ages of 16 months to 41
      months were evaluated for Receptive Communication Age (RCA) and Expressive
      Communication Age (ECA). Results indicate a consistent deviation of (on the
      average) 4.8 months delay in RCA and 9 months delay in ECA. An habilitation
      program for early intervention in voice, speech and language stimulation is
      described, with follow-up data on 3 children. A progression from non-meaningful,
      non-vocal communication to more meaningful and functional communication is noted.
      The evidence indicates that, without therapeutic intervention, children with
      tracheotomies are at risk for delays in receptive and expressive language
      development, as well as deficits in oral/vocal speech and voice production.

PMID- 4030239
TI  - Nocturnal enuresis in children with upper airway obstruction.
AB  - This article reviews 35 children between the ages of 3 1/2 and 11 years who have
      had symptoms of upper airway obstruction and enuresis. Twenty-eight patients had
      primary enuresis, and 7 had secondary enuresis. Removal of upper airway
      obstruction by surgical intervention led to a significant decrease or complete
      cure of nocturnal enuresis in 26 patients. Four children were studied with
      polysomnographic tracings in relationship to their enuresis.

PMID- 4030240
TI  - Obstructive hypertrophic adenoids and tonsils as a cause of infantile failure to
      thrive: reversed by tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.
AB  - Isolated failure to thrive in an infant caused by chronic hypoventilation due to
      hypertrophic adenoids and tonsils, has not been previously described. A 9 month
      old infant presented with weight loss and mild clinical respiratory signs.
      Hypoxemia and CO2 retention, however, were documented by transcutaneous gas
      measurement, and ENT examination revealed enlarged tonsils and adenoids.
      Adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy at 9 1/2 months of age completely reversed the
      patient's hypoventilation and growth pattern. While the exact mechanism of
      failure to thrive secondary to upper airway obstruction in infancy is not clear,
      we conclude that routine ENT evaluation should be a regular part of the workup of
      infants under one year who suffer from failure to thrive.

PMID- 4030241
TI  - Postoperative macroglossia causing airway obstruction.
AB  - Macroglossia can cause a wide spectrum of problems in the pediatric population.
      Airway obstruction is the most severe of the sequelae and must be handled
      promptly. Typically, congenital macroglossia does not present with sudden airway
      obstruction, however, traumatic or postoperative macroglossia can. Iatrogenic
      postoperative macroglossia is presented and mechanisms of injury discussed.
      Preventative and therapeutic measures are outlined.

PMID- 4030242
TI  - Facial paralysis due to primary tuberculosis of the parotid gland.
AB  - An 11-year-old girl presented with parotid mass and facial paralysis due to
      primary TB of the parotis gland. The diagnosis was made only postoperatively, by
      histology, and microscopic examination for acid and alcohol fast bacilli.

PMID- 4030243
TI  - A model of peripheral microvascular injury: irreversible caudal necrosis induced
      in carrageenan-inflamed rats treated with anti-inflammatory drugs and mild
      chilling: a pluricausal thrombo-haemorrhagic phenomenon.
AB  - A florid tail injury was observed in carrageenan-inflamed rats previously treated
      with acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs to suppress paw
      inflammation and then exposed to mild chilling (7-10 degrees C for 10-16 h). All
      three treatments, i.e. NSAI drug + carrageenan paw oedema + mild chilling
      treatment, were required for the development of this condition. Histological
      observations suggest that the tissue necrosis was initiated by a primary
      disturbance of the peripheral vasculature. The possible involvement of suppressed
      prostaglandin (PG) production in the aetiology of this condition is indicated by
      the fact that it was totally reversed by prior treatment with PGE2. This appears
      to be a classical pluricausal thrombohaemorrhagic phenomenon (of Selye), with
      cold-stress being the sensitizer and carrageenan and NSAI drugs being the
      challenger. The possibilities are considered of employing this tail injury model
      as a convenient method of developing drugs to control microvascular disturbances
      in man.

PMID- 4030244
TI  - Interaction between glioma cells and normal brain tissue in organ culture studied
      by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate cocultures between
      normal rat brain fragments and spheroids consisting of rat glioma cells.
      Lamellipodia were seen to arise from tumor cells at the border between the two
      structures and touch the surface of the fragment. Cytoplasmic extensions from
      malignant cells appeared to penetrate into the brain fragment. Leading lamellae
      were extended from the tumor cells as they migrated along the normal surface and
      gradually covered the fragment. Tumor cells formed broad foot-plates against the
      normal surface. No alterations of the brain fragment were observed ahead of the
      tumor cells. Thus there were specific changes of the surface microarchitecture of
      the malignant cells, but not of the normal brain tissue.

PMID- 4030245
TI  - Adhesion and spreading characterization of a rat tumor cell system exhibiting
      different metastatic behavior.
AB  - The rat tumor cell system BSp73AS/BSp73ASML was investigated for its structural
      aspects. The non-metastasizing line BSp73AS has less nuclear atypism than the
      metastasizing line BSp73ASML. Microvilli are scanty and variable in length and
      structure; in BSp73ASML they cover the cells densely, are short and homogeneous
      in size. In vitro adhesion and spreading tests show structurally flexible BSp73AS
      cells which flatten completely onto substrata. BSp73ASML cells remain spherical
      and develop only small attachment areas. In vitro aggregation of the BSp73AS
      cells leads to round, tightly packed aggregates, their outer cell layer is
      epitheloid BSp73ASML cells form clusters of mostly ball-shaped cells.
      Surprisingly, as judged from EM images, the intercellular junctions in BSp73ASML
      cell clusters are qualitatively the same as in BSp73AS cell aggregates. However,
      the extent of apposition between cells in BSp73AS aggregates is much higher than
      between cells in the BSp73ASML clusters. BSp73ASML cells lack the ability to vary
      their shape. This is the prominent difference revealed by these tests between the
      two cell lines. Hence, this fact could play an important role in their different
      metastatic behavior in vivo. We speculate that the ability to vary the cell shape
      is necessary for expansive growth in the host environment but not for the
      metastatic spread.

PMID- 4030246
TI  - Repression of lymphatic metastasis by a second implant of the same tumor.
AB  - Previous work in the rat D-12 fibrosarcoma model has shown that the incidence of
      macroscopic metastasis, located primarily in regional lymph nodes, is markedly
      increased after surgical removal of a primary subcutaneous tumor implant, in all
      probability by facilitating the outgrowth of already established micrometastases.
      The present work shows that a second implant of live D-12 tumor cells into a
      remote site effectively represses the outgrowth of macroscopic metastases. For
      the manifestation of the repressive effect, both the time interval elapsing
      between surgery and reimplantation of tumor cells and the size of the inoculum
      appear critical. Implantation of heavily irradiated D-12 cells or the prolonged
      delivery of ascites fluid by osmotic mini-pumps had no such repressive effect on
      metastatic tumor growth. Corynebacterium parvum administered into the tumor
      bearing limb a few days before its amputation, but not into a remote subcutaneous
      site, suppressed the outgrowth of macroscopic metastases. The occurrence and
      efficient operation of concomitant tumor resistance in the D-12 tumor model, in
      which metastasis is primarily via lymphatics and resistance appears to involve a
      substantial portion nonspecific reactivity, is further evidence for a basic role
      of tumor/tumor interrelations in determining the final outcome of the host/tumor
      interaction.

PMID- 4030247
TI  - Enhancement of the incidence of metastasis in tumor-resected mice. Influence of
      soluble tumor extract and splenectomy.
AB  - The M3 mammary tumor was transplantable in syngeneic BALB/c mice, and
      metastasized spontaneously into the lungs. When primary tumors were resected in
      early stages of evolution (10 days), the number of mice with lung metastasis
      decreased. When specific soluble tumor extracts, tumor cell culture supernatant
      or formalinized tumor cells were inoculated 2 and 4 days after surgery, an
      enhancement of lung metastasis was observed. When splenectomy was performed at
      the time of tumor resection, this enhancement was abrogated. These results
      suggest that tumor plasma cell membranes or the products released by them play an
      important role in dormant metastases growth, but only in the presence of the
      spleen, suggesting its involvement in the mechanism of the metastatic process.

PMID- 4030248
TI  - Fluorescent dyes demonstrate the uniform expansion of the growing rabbit cornea.
AB  - Thiocyanate and triazinyl chloride derivatives of fluorescent dyes have been
      employed for the covalent labeling of components of the connective tissue of the
      rabbit cornea. Collagen is the major macromolecular component that becomes dyed.
      Some of the stromal components that are labeled by these reagents in the first
      two weeks of life persist over many months, but are progressively dispersed over
      a greater area consistent with a uniform expansion of the tissue with growth
      without complete turnover. These dyes may find useful application in the
      morphologic study of other persistent connective tissue components during
      development and wound healing.

PMID- 4030249
TI  - Keratocyte survival following a controlled-rate freeze.
AB  - One of the major drawbacks of cryorefractive surgery is the delay in the
      postoperative recovery of corneal clarity. The authors have hypothesized that
      this delay is due to the death of graft keratocytes caused by the freezing
      process, and the need for subsequent repopulation by host keratocytes to restore
      corneal clarity. By using a slow, controlled-rate freeze on a modified Barraquer
      cryolathe, the authors are able to maintain keratocyte viability in the graft
      corneal tissue, as assessed by standard histologic methods and by collagenase
      digestion. Maintenance of keratocyte viability results in the rapid return of
      corneal clarity following lamellar keratoplasty in the rabbit, with few of the
      histopathologic changes seen following standard rapid freezing of corneal tissue.

PMID- 4030250
TI  - Ocular inflammation in autoimmune MRL/Mp mice.
AB  - Congenic mice of the MRL/Mp strain spontaneously develop an autoimmune connective
      tissue disease that shares immunologic and histopathologic features with the
      human disorders systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic
      vasculitis. The autoimmune disorder in these mice is markedly accelerated by the
      recessive gene lpr. Older MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice develop significant inflammatory
      ocular disease, including choroiditis, scleritis, and orbital vasculitis. Animals
      of both the MRL/Mp-+/+ and MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr substrains develop lacrimal gland
      inflammatory infiltrates. The MRL/Mp mouse provides a potential model for ocular
      inflammatory disease and for Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 4030251
TI  - Dependence on antibody for induction of chemiluminescence in polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes by herpes simplex virus.
AB  - The induction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in rabbit polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMN) by a stromal keratitis causing strain (RE) of herpes simplex
      virus type 1 (HSV-1) was examined. Virus alone and virus infected rabbit corneal
      cells were unable to stimulate chemiluminescence. However, when the virus or
      virus infected cells were incubated in the presence of HSV-1 specific immune
      serum or purified IgG, a gradual chemiluminescent response was observed. Virus
      and virus infected cells incubated with normal rabbit serum or IgG produced
      little or no activity. No impairment of chemiluminescent response was observed in
      experiments in which rabbit PMN were exposed to HSV prior to the addition of
      opsonized zymosan or HSV-antibody complexes. Results suggest PMN exert antiviral
      activity in the presence of specific antibody and may be important factors in the
      inflammatory process resulting from ocular HSV infection.

PMID- 4030252
TI  - In vitro enhancement of anterior chamber GVH reactions.
AB  - The injection of sensitized allogeneic lymphocytes into the anterior chamber of
      the rabbit eye results in a local graft-verus-host reaction, with focal
      destruction of the corneal endothelium. This experimental model permits in vitro
      manipulation of effector cells, and the study of the mechanisms involved in
      corneal graft rejection. The authors now show that the in vitro activation of
      sensitized lymphocytes is a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction yields
      "supersensitized" effector cells which are quantitatively enriched and
      qualitatively altered to yield more severe and more rapid endothelial target cell
      destruction.

PMID- 4030253
TI  - The complement system and host defense against Pseudomonas endophthalmitis.
AB  - The authors examined the role of the complement system in host defense against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis. Guinea pigs received intravitreal
      injections of P. aeruginosa, and comparisons were made between bacterial counts
      from the vitreous of control guinea pigs and experimental guinea pigs that
      underwent systemic decomplementation with cobra venom factor. In group 1
      (intravitreal injection of 42 organisms), bacterial counts were significantly
      higher in the vitreous of decomplemented guinea pigs versus control guinea pigs
      at days 1, 2, and 3 after intravitreal injection but not at day 7 when complement
      levels returned to normal. In group 2 (intravitreal injection of 102 organisms),
      bacterial counts were significantly higher in the vitreous of experimental guinea
      pigs versus control guinea pigs only at day 1 with no statistically significant
      differences thereafter. In group 3 (intravitreal injection of 150 bacteria),
      there were no significant differences in bacterial counts in the vitreous of
      experimental versus control guinea pigs. Our results in group 1 suggest that
      partially decomplemented guinea pigs show impaired host defense to P. aeruginosa
      and that this defense is restored as complement levels return to normal.
      Intravitreal injection of higher numbers of P. aeruginosa as in a group 3
      overwhelms and obscures any beneficial effect of the complement system on host
      defense.

PMID- 4030254
TI  - Preparation of a uveitogenic peptide by chymotryptic digestion of bovine S
      antigen.
AB  - Limited proteolysis of bovine S-antigen with alpha-chymotrypsin resulted in the
      accumulation of three peptides of MW 24,000, 16,000, and 12,000 daltons,
      respectively. By ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), MW 24,000 peptide was
      found to react with anti-S antibodies, but the other two peptides did not react
      with the antibodies under the assay conditions. The reactive peptide was
      separated from the smaller peptides by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and
      Sephadex G-50. When the MW 24,000 peptide was injected into Lewis rats, severe to
      mild uveitis was produced in all injected animals. The results indicate that the
      pathogenic determinant is on the MW 24,000 peptide.

PMID- 4030255
TI  - Ultrastructural pathology of S-antigen uveoretinitis.
AB  - The morphology of S-antigen-induced uveoretinitis in guinea pigs has been studied
      using transmission electron microscopy. Purified bovine retinal S-antigen was
      shown to produce a focal chorioretinitis, characterized by selective damage to
      the outer retina and, almost exclusively, a mononuclear cell infiltration of the
      choroid and retina. Even at high doses, extensive rod outer segment damage was
      associated predominantly with lymphocytic and mononuclear cell infiltration. A
      single immunizing injection of S-antigen was sufficient to produce a chronic
      ocular inflammation lasting many months. Focal lesions evolved rapidly and
      reached an end-stage within days to weeks. Accordingly, eyes examined at any time
      during the disease contained areas of normal retina coexistent with fibrotic
      lesions. With time, the number of advanced or end stage lesions became more
      frequent, thereby involving a more widespread area of the retina. Examination of
      early stage lesions suggest that the rod outer segment is the target for immune
      damage in this disease, but the mechanism of damage remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 4030256
TI  - Langerhans cell alterations in the guinea pig cornea.
AB  - Langerhans cells (LC) are found in virtually all epithelial surfaces, but are
      rare or absent in the central cornea. LC migration into the cornea can be induced
      by several different stimuli. The authors studied LC in guinea pig corneal
      epithelium after: (1) suture placement; (2) suture removal; (3) UV-A irradiation;
      and (4) UV-C irradiation. Corneal LC markedly increased after suture placement
      during a 35-day observation period, and decreased by one-half during a 21-day
      observation period when sutures were removed. Suture-induced corneal LC decreased
      after UV-A irradiation, but increased after UV-C irradiation. These results
      demonstrate that ocular LC can be altered by nonimmunologic perturbations of the
      cornea.

PMID- 4030257
TI  - Measurement of centripetal migration of normal corneal epithelial cells in the
      mouse.
AB  - Fine punctate marks were made in normal corneas of mice using a needle rotating
      in a mixture of India ink and thorium dioxide. After 7 days, the marker was
      visible in the stroma and also in epithelial cells which had moved away from the
      stromal marks and towards the center of the cornea. The mean distance between
      these labels at the end of 7 days was 94 microns +/- 14 (SEM). The median
      distance migrated was about 17 microns per day. This figure represents the
      distance through which superficial and wing cells had migrated; the distance
      migrated by basal cells was not determined.

PMID- 4030258
TI  - Experimental granulomatous uveitis: an electron microscopic study of pigment
      containing giant cells.
AB  - An experimental granulomatous uveitis in the Brown Norway rat is characterized by
      large numbers of giant cells and epithelioid cells containing uveal pigment.
      Ultrastructurally, the epithelioid cells and the giant cells exhibited
      melanosomes and individual melanin granules in the absence of phagocytic
      membranes and compound pigment granules. These observations support the view that
      the pigment containing giant cells may develop from uveal melanocytes.

PMID- 4030259
TI  - The parallels between diagnostic and therapeutic research.

PMID- 4030260
TI  - Systematic evaluation and increased structure in a radiology elective.
AB  - Diagnostic radiology is expanding, playing an increasingly central role in
      patient care, which heightens the importance of radiology teaching in
      undergraduate medical education. This study examined the impact of increased
      structure and systematic evaluation on student performance in a radiology
      elective. The evaluation protocol included premultiple and postmultiple choice
      examinations (70 questions each), a film interpretation quiz (ten films, 20
      questions), faculty assessment of a student oral case presentation, and student
      evaluations of the elective experience. The relationships among the evaluation
      techniques, as well as differences in class level and course ratings were also
      examined. Two different treatment groups were studied. Group 1 was given general
      objectives and information regarding availability of recommended resources,
      including self-learning materials for the elective, didactic seminars, and
      viewbox exposure. Group 2 was given specific written instructional objectives, a
      structured schedule for viewing the self-learning materials, and the same
      seminars and viewbox exposure. The statistically significant higher performance
      of the structured group suggests that medical students achieve the objectives of
      an elective better when learning activities are well defined, structured, and
      systematically evaluated. In addition, those students receiving the structured
      experience rated the radiology elective more favorably.

PMID- 4030261
TI  - Characterization of changes in coronary blood flow during the first six seconds
      after intracoronary contrast injection.
AB  - With current interest in digital and densitometric angiographic techniques for
      evaluating coronary blood flow (CBF), the immediate effects of intracoronary
      contrast injections on CBF are important to establish. We investigated the
      effects of ECG-gated intracoronary injection of contrast on CBF with different
      injection rates (1-6 cc/sec), volumes (1/2-6 cc), and contrast concentrations
      (1/2, full strength). Sixteen open-chest dogs were instrumented with
      electromagnetic flow probes on the left anterior descending artery. During
      intracoronary injections of contrast, a characteristic decrease in coronary blood
      flow to approximately 45% of preinjection levels was seen an average of 1.9
      seconds after intracoronary contrast injection. The timing of the depression in
      coronary flow was most influenced by the rate of contrast injection, and the
      magnitude of depression in flow was influenced by both the volume and
      concentration of the contrast injection. Angiographic techniques using the first
      6 seconds after injection to obtain CBF measurements should take these
      characteristic changes into account to avoid possible errors.

PMID- 4030262
TI  - A stochastic interpretation of thallium myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.
AB  - A method is presented for the quantitative interpretation of thallium-201
      myocardial perfusion studies. The data are planar images collected immediately
      following the stress injection, and 4 to 6 hours later. Data analysis consists of
      preprocessing, including thresholding of the original data, and data reduction
      using a variant of the circumferential profile methods. The profiles are
      subdivided into segments, and for each segment the difference between the norm
      and the actual data is computed. This difference is a quantitative symptom, whose
      size is assumed to be related to the probability of having the disease. The
      relationship between the size of the symptom in each of nine segments (three
      segments/view in three views) and the probability of disease is expressed in a
      table in which for 30 diseases (combinations of vascular lesions) the sensitivity
      for each of the nine symptoms is described as a Gaussian function whose average
      and standard deviation are computed from previous validated cases. Using an
      arbitrary prevalence, the post-testing probability can then be computed using
      Bayes' formula sequentially. The sensitivities, however, are not expressed as a
      binary function of the presence or absence of a symptom, but as a distribution
      function defined by experience. The method is sensitive for the detection of
      isolated left anterior descending disease (100%) and triple vessel disease (96%).
      When specific combinations of vascular lesions are recognized the specificity
      increases from 79% (when unspecified abnormalities are recognized) to 87% when
      left anterior descending disease or triple vessel disease is recognized.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030263
TI  - Computed tomographic evaluation of lesions in the thoracic apex.
AB  - Fifty patients with clinically suspected lesions of the chest apex underwent
      computed tomography (CT) and plain film (PF) examinations in an attempt to define
      the underlying etiology as benign or malignant. CT was slightly more sensitive in
      diagnosing malignancy (90%) compared with PF (77%), with a higher predictive
      value of a negative test (85% vs. 70%), although the differences were not
      statistically significant. The specificity and predictive value of a positive
      test were similar for CT and PF. CT's advantage was better elucidation of the
      soft tissues of the chest apex. CT provided additional information beyond PF in
      17/20 patients with benign conditions and in 29/30 patients with cancer. In 21 of
      these 29 cancer patients, CT findings significantly altered subsequent
      management.

PMID- 4030264
TI  - A CT technique to evaluate the development of carcinogen-induced neoplasia in the
      rat liver.
AB  - Hepatocellular neoplasms, including neoplastic nodules (NN), are the most
      commonly induced tumors resulting from chemical carcinogen evaluation. Our
      objective was to image neoplastic nodules using computed tomography. In a
      preliminary study using rats with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced tumors,
      lesions smaller than 1.5 cm were difficult to identify by CT. Since NN do not
      take up excess iron whereas normal liver does accumulate iron, we studied iron as
      a CT contrast material. Hemochromatosis was induced in 15 control rats by
      subcutaneous injections of iron dextran. A linear increase in iron-loading dose
      produces a linear CT liver enhancement (r = 0.97): 68, 80, 84, 94, and 104 HU at
      0, one, two, four, and six weeks, respectively. No loss of enhancement was noted
      ten weeks later. Rat hepatic tissue was chemically analyzed after a similar iron
      loading regimen. The iron concentration (microgram/g hepatic tissue)
      progressively increased during the first four weeks of loading and remained
      stable for three weeks following iron-loading. Four animals that had been given
      DEN and iron were examined by CT scanning to detect small NN. Iron-enhanced CT
      allowed the visualization of small lesions (less than 5 mm). Histopathologic
      sections confirmed a homogeneous pattern of iron uptake in normal liver with a
      deficiency of iron in NN. We conclude that CT scanning following iron-loading is
      a noninvasive method to detect small nodules and may provide a method to study
      the progression or regression of small liver nodules in rodents.

PMID- 4030265
TI  - The importance of the motion of water for magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Since the water content of all soft tissues is about the same, contrast in
      magnetic resonance imaging depends principally on the parameters that govern
      nonequilibrium behavior of the nuclear spin system of the water protons of
      tissue, the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates 1/T1 and 1/T2. A
      fundamental understanding of the determinants of both 1/T1 and 1/T2 at a cellular
      level, and ultimately at a molecular level (so that contrast can be optimized and
      perhaps manipulated), will require a model of the behavior of water that
      describes the dynamics of the motion of water molecules throughout tissue. A
      particular model is presented here, one in which tissue water is relatively free
      to diffuse randomly throughout the intracellular and extracellular regions of
      tissue, colliding with cellular and subcellular constituents along the way; this
      motion dominates 1/T1 at higher fields. When not in actual contact with
      interfaces, ie, within about 5 A of a macromolecular surface, the thermal motion
      of the water molecules is not influenced by the interfaces, but is altered
      slightly by the presence of solute macromolecules. However, this small difference
      is amplified 10(6)-fold, roughly the ratio of the macromolecular to solvent
      molecular weights, by a mechanism previously named the "slosh effect"; this
      effect dominates 1/T1 at low fields, and 1/T2 at all fields. It is shown how the
      foregoing view of tissue water follows quite naturally from NMRD profiles
      (measurements of the magnetic field dependence of 1/T1 of water protons) of a
      wide variety of protein solutions and samples of tissue, both native and
      containing added paramagnetic (Mn2+)ions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030266
TI  - Quantitative computed tomography for spinal density measurement. Factors
      affecting precision.
AB  - Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was performed in duplicate on 84 patients
      to test the short-term precision of the technique. Statistical analysis of the
      data revealed that precision was not a function of spinal density. It appeared to
      be worse in osteopenic individuals only when expressed as a percentage. Precision
      was slightly better in male than in female patients. There is a 90% likelihood
      that a duplicate measurement will fall within 20 CT units of the first
      determination in female patients and within ten units in male patients.

PMID- 4030268
TI  - Increasing participation by medical students.

PMID- 4030269
TI  - Adolescent depression and suicide.

PMID- 4030267
TI  - Collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Assessment by serial magnification
      radiography.
AB  - Serial whole body and lateral hindpaw magnification radiographs were obtained on
      15 rats with collagen-induced arthritis. The radiographs were evaluated for
      findings of inflammatory arthritis. Soft tissue swelling and juxta-articular
      osteopenia usually developed two weeks after immunization. The swelling remained
      stable for the remaining seven weeks of the study, but the osteopenia apparently
      improved. Three weeks after immunization, erosions and periostitis began to
      develop in ten of the rats. These latter radiographic changes rapidly worsened
      over the next three weeks and then stabilized. The most frequent and severe
      changes were seen in the intertarsal, tibiotalar, and metatarsophalangeal joints.
      The toes, forepaws, and knees were infrequently involved. Other peripheral joints
      and the axial skeleton were spared. Five rats developed soft tissue swelling but
      had no articular erosions or periostitis. Serial radiography has potential
      usefulness for monitoring the effects of treatment in this experimental model for
      inflammatory arthritis.

PMID- 4030270
TI  - Neonatal posterior fossa hemorrhage.

PMID- 4030271
TI  - Liberal arts and the preparation for medicine.

PMID- 4030272
TI  - Third generation cephalosporins.

PMID- 4030273
TI  - AIDS concerns in Iowa: an interview with Laverne Wintermeyer.

PMID- 4030274
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a small community.

PMID- 4030275
TI  - Retrovirus-like particles in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4030276
TI  - Diuretic update.

PMID- 4030277
TI  - Calculating available dietary iron.

PMID- 4030279
TI  - Serum theophylline--a mandatory measurement in the control of therapy?

PMID- 4030278
TI  - Vascular responses to intravenous catecholamines in hands and forearms with
      normal and with increased skin blood flow.

PMID- 4030280
TI  - Use of oxygen driven nebulizer delivery systems for beta-2 agonists in chronic
      bronchitis.

PMID- 4030282
TI  - Irish Society of Gastroenterology. 21st anniversary year meeting. Abstracts.

PMID- 4030281
TI  - Large bowel infarction and ergometrine: a possible relationship.

PMID- 4030283
TI  - Tuberculosis in animals.

PMID- 4030284
TI  - The epidemiology and control of tuberculosis.

PMID- 4030285
TI  - The role of the surgeon in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 4030286
TI  - Chemotherapeutic agents in pulmonary tuberculosis with special reference to
      isoniazid-ethambutol continuation therapy.

PMID- 4030287
TI  - Management of tuberculosis in Ireland today.

PMID- 4030288
TI  - Tuberculosis undefeated.

PMID- 4030289
TI  - Anthropometry and body image in a selected sample of adolescent girls.

PMID- 4030290
TI  - Risk factors and perinatal problems in small for gestational age pregnancies.

PMID- 4030291
TI  - Gynaecological microsurgery--a review of 43 cases.

PMID- 4030292
TI  - Severe hypertension following left ventriculography.

PMID- 4030293
TI  - Studies of the epidemiology of preinvasive and invasive carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix in Ireland.

PMID- 4030294
TI  - Childhood autism: 0-35 years.

PMID- 4030296
TI  - Spontaneous perforation of the cervical oesophagus.

PMID- 4030295
TI  - Coeliac disease in children: problems in diagnosis and management.

PMID- 4030297
TI  - Relapsing polychondritis--case report.

PMID- 4030298
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting on "Progress in polyamine research"
      of the Italian Study Group of the Italian Biochemical Society. April 26-27, 1984,
      Messina.

PMID- 4030299
TI  - Variables affecting short-term prognosis in completed stroke.
AB  - After a review of the prognostic factors affecting the short-term outcome of
      completed stroke, the implications for the design of stroke treatment trials are
      discussed. These concern stratification variables, patient selection, sample size
      estimation, length of follow-up, and measures of outcome. Potential variables for
      stratification are type of stroke (i.e. infarct or hemorrhage), age of the
      patient, level of consciousness, and preceding hypertension and heart disease.

PMID- 4030300
TI  - Cluster analysis of cognitive performance in elderly and demented subjects.
AB  - 48 elderly normals, 14 demented subjects and 76 young controls were tested for
      basic cognitive functions. All the tests were quantified and could therefore be
      subjected to statistical analysis. The results show a difference in the speed of
      information processing and in memory load between the young controls and elderly
      normals but the age groups differed in quantitative terms only. Cluster analysis
      showed that the elderly and the demented formed two distinctly separate groups at
      the qualitative level, the basic cognitive processes being damaged in the
      demented group. Age thus appears to be only a risk factor for dementia and not
      its cause. It is concluded that batteries based on precise and measurable tasks
      are the most appropriate not only for the study of dementia but for
      rehabilitation purposes too.

PMID- 4030301
TI  - Involutional dementias: new perspectives.
AB  - 13 patients with psycho-organic syndrome (POS) and 10 patients with dementia
      (senile, Alzheimer, multi-infarct) were treated with drugs considered to
      influence the neuronal turnover of acetylcholine (Phosphatidylcholine, piracetam,
      S-adenosylmethionine) for 30 days and compared in respect of CSF ACh levels,
      reaction times to simple visual stimuli (TRS-V) and to simple hearing stimuli
      (TRS-H) and scores on the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric (SCAG) rating
      scale. The POS patients presented higher CSF ACh levels, shorter TRS-V and TRS-H
      times and lower SCAG scores than the demented patients before treatment. During
      treatment the CSF ACh values fell in the POS but not in the demented patients.
      All the other values improved in both groups but more markedly in the POS group.
      The CSF ACh variations in the latter appear to correlate with the variations in
      TRS-V and TRS-H times and SCAG scores. The monitoring of CSF ACh would seem to be
      useful in assessing both the degree of decline in dementia and the possibilities
      of treatment in individual patients.

PMID- 4030302
TI  - Comparison of cervical SEPs on median, radial and ulnar nerve stimulation.
AB  - Cervical responses (SEPs) to stimulation of the median, radial and ulnar nerves
      were studied in 9 healthy subjects. In recordings from e Cv7 electrode referenced
      to a scalp electrode P11 presented a bilobed (P11a + P11b) profile for all three
      nerves whereas from Cv2 only P11b appeared as a rule. P11a and P11b were more
      distinct in the ulnar than in the median and radial nerves. The P11 onset-P13
      onset interval was virtually the same for the radial and median nerves and
      approximately 0.4 msec longer for the ulnar nerve. This difference probably
      represents the Cv8 to Cv6 intramedullary conduction time. An exact evaluation of
      P11 onset is possible only in low cervical recordings, though the P11 peak may be
      a useful landmark when recording from Cv2. P11a would appear to originate at (or
      near) spinal entry, P11b high in the cervical cord and P13 at supraspinal level.

PMID- 4030303
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) abnormalities in subjects with
      craniovertebral malformations.
AB  - We report the data on 42 monaural BAEP recordings from 10 patients with
      craniovertebral malformations. Of 8 preoperative recordings from 3 patients 6
      showed an increased I-III interpeak latency (IPL). Of 28 recordings taken shortly
      (1-12 months) after surgery 21 showed an abnormal I-III IPL. On the other hand,
      of 6 recordings from 3 patients 20 years after surgery 5 were in the normal range
      and 1 showed an abnormal I-III IPL. Although the most important site of
      craniovertebral malformations is the cervicomedullary junction, the results
      reported suggest unilateral or asymmetrical bilateral involvement of the
      medullary-pontine junction, on the evidence of BAEP wave III, in a large
      proportion of patients with these malformations.

PMID- 4030304
TI  - Microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysm in the elderly.
AB  - Microsurgery for supratentorial aneurysm was performed in 19 patients over the
      age of 65 with good results in 74%. Mortality and complications are discussed in
      the light of the preoperative neurological status and general condition. The
      indications for surgery are outlined.

PMID- 4030305
TI  - Computerized tomography in CO poisoning.
AB  - In a case of CO poisoning CT scanning revealed bilateral low density areas in the
      globi pallidi, associated with diffuse hypodensity of the white matter of the
      cerebral hemispheres. Serial scanning threw some light on the possible mechanism
      involved and appears to support the hypothesis of necrotic damage of vascular
      origin following brain edema. An attempt is made to correlate the pattern of CT
      abnormalities with clinical evolution.

PMID- 4030306
TI  - A case of Kufs disease with abnormal pallidonigral iron deposit.
AB  - The clinical, neuropathological and ultrastructural features of a case of Kufs
      disease (Meyer basal ganglia form) are reported. In the present case, besides the
      typical lesions of Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis, and increased iron reaction at
      pallidonigral level was detected histochemically. The significance of the last
      finding is discussed.

PMID- 4030307
TI  - Polygraphic-television recording in a case of syncope.
AB  - In a case of loss of consciousness presenting diagnostic difficulties, the
      syncopal nature was determined only with the help of combined polygraphy and
      closed circuit television recording.

PMID- 4030308
TI  - Aqueductal stenosis following mumps virus infection. Case report.
AB  - A case of aqueductal stenosis following mumps infection is reported, to the
      authors' knowledge the 12th case in the literature. The pathogenetic events are
      discussed and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 4030309
TI  - The role of the medical home in child abuse prevention and positive child
      development.

PMID- 4030310
TI  - The 1% law.

PMID- 4030311
TI  - Spurious.

PMID- 4030312
TI  - Migraine-cluster headache syndrome.

PMID- 4030313
TI  - Complicated migraine and cerebral angiography: a report of an unusual adverse
      reaction.

PMID- 4030314
TI  - Unnecessary dental treatment of headache patients for temporomandibular joint
      disorders.

PMID- 4030315
TI  - Neck tongue syndrome.

PMID- 4030316
TI  - Plasma methionine enkephalin levels. A biological marker for migraine?

PMID- 4030317
TI  - Common migraine attack: platelet modifications are mainly due to plasma
      factor(s).

PMID- 4030318
TI  - Non-migrainous headache and transient neurological deficits.

PMID- 4030319
TI  - Stress, mathematics and migraine.

PMID- 4030320
TI  - In-service training.

PMID- 4030321
TI  - Opportunistic cervical cytology screening in the Dundee catchment area.

PMID- 4030322
TI  - A study of antenatal vitamin and iron supplementation in Glasgow.

PMID- 4030323
TI  - Medical staffing in the National Health Service in Scotland.

PMID- 4030324
TI  - The impact of psychogeriatric day care on the patient's supporting relatives.

PMID- 4030325
TI  - Cognitive commitments in health services marketing.
AB  - Armed with valid information about what people expect, health care organizations
      can make commitments to current and prospective patients, thereby increasing
      their marketing success and improving patient satisfaction.

PMID- 4030326
TI  - Hospital receptivity to market competition: image and reality.

PMID- 4030327
TI  - Financial incentives for middle managers: pilot program in an inner city,
      municipal teaching hospital.

PMID- 4030328
TI  - Quality circles: the myth and reality of hospital management.
AB  - Although quality circles have been successfully introduced into U.S. hospitals,
      they have not fared well in Japan. In light of the fact that Japanese hospitals
      have within their organizational structures many elements considered a
      precondition for the success of quality circles, their hesitance in adopting this
      innovation deserves attention. It is useful to examine the reasons quality
      circles may be more feasible in the United States than in Japan.

PMID- 4030329
TI  - The failure of the group model: a case study.
AB  - In 1975 the Cincinnati Board of Health introduced group practice as a way of
      delivering health care to the indigent. In spite of encouraging initial results,
      five years later the model failed. Its failure offers lessons and useful insight
      to health care administrators.

PMID- 4030330
TI  - HCMR interview: John R. Mannix. Interview by Montague Brown.

PMID- 4030331
TI  - Comparison of Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA in removing 234Th from the rat.
AB  - The relative effectiveness of Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA as a function of the dose,
      number of doses and time of their administration in removing 234Th that had been
      administered as the citrate or nitrate from various rat organs was investigated.
      With a single early treatment (1.5 min after intravenous injection of 234Th), Zn
      DTPA was clearly less effective than Ca-DTPA over the whole dose range (30
      mumol/kg body weight-1000 mumol/kg body weight) tested. In the skeleton, 1000
      mumol Zn-DTPA/kg removed as much 234Th (about 50%) as 30 mumol Ca DTPA/kg. Prompt
      treatment with 100 mumol Ca-DTPA/kg body weight diminished the skeletal 234Th
      content by about 70%; but when it was delayed by 6 h or 4 d, the 234Th content
      was reduced by only about 20% and 10%, respectively. The effect of DTPA in the
      bone was independent of 234Th compound, while in the soft tissues 234Th injected
      as nitrate was less affected than the citrate. The effect of DTPA was potentiated
      when treatment was repeated; the end effect was dependent on the time of the
      first DTPA injection and on the total number of doses. Thus, about 90% and 50%
      less 234Th was found in the bones after repeated treatment started at 1.5 min and
      4 d after administration of 234Th, respectively. Under the conditions of a
      delayed repeated treatment, Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA were equally effective.

PMID- 4030332
TI  - Effect of Zn-DTPA therapy on the maternal transfer of 241Am or 237Pu to young
      mice.
AB  - Newborn mice exposed to 241Am or 237Pu during gestation and whose mothers were
      given Zn-DTPA at various times before parturition contained less radioactivity
      than comparable newborn mice given identical 241Am or 237Pu exposure without Zn
      DTPA treatment of the mothers. There was no net increase in radionuclide transfer
      from mothers to unborn young as a result of maternal administration of Zn-DTPA,
      regardless of the pregnancy stage during which the radioactivity and
      decorporation treatments were given. Administration of 241Am followed after three
      days by extended Zn-DTPA therapy resulted in lower fetal content of radioactivity
      in litters conceived long after or soon after maternal exposure to 241Am. These
      data indicate that the risk from Am and Pu to unborn young can be reduced by Zn
      DTPA treatment of the pregnant mother and of the female who becomes pregnant
      subsequently. This information may prove to be of significance with the
      increasing probability of Am or Pu exposure to women in the nuclear industry who
      could be pregnant at the time or who may conceive a child in the future.

PMID- 4030333
TI  - Occupational radiation exposures in Taiwan, 1962-1983.
AB  - This paper presents an updated compilation of occupational radiation exposures in
      Taiwan, Republic of China, for the years 1962-1983. The highest collective dose
      equivalent occurred in 1981 and was estimated to be 535.318 man-rem, and the
      average measurable dose equivalent per worker is about 0.25 rem in the same year.
      All data analyzed were plotted on log-probability paper. A brief prospectus on
      the health implications of the annual occupational dose equivalents is also
      provided, using the year 1981 as an example.

PMID- 4030334
TI  - Effect of air-scattered beta particles on instrument and dosimeter response.
AB  - Air-scattered beta particles are responsible for many of the inaccuracies
      encountered when readings are obtained with many types of beta survey instruments
      and personnel dosimeters. The ratio of beta particles scattered at various angles
      to beta's coming directly from the source increases as the distance from the
      source increases. This ratio, at a given distance from the source, is also a
      function of the beta energy, becoming larger for lower-energy beta sources.
      Changes in this ratio cause the response of beta instruments to have an apparent
      change in the directional response. These air-scattered beta particles are also
      responsible, in many cases, for a part of the apparent decrease in the efficiency
      of beta survey instruments when detecting low-energy beta sources. Air-scattered
      beta's also cause personnel dosimeters, which are not properly designed to detect
      them, to have responses that are low. We give experimental results to confirms
      the above effects. Design changes to survey instruments and dosimeters are
      suggested that would eliminate the errors created by the failure of the
      instruments to detect these air-scattered beta particles.

PMID- 4030335
TI  - Measurement of absorbed dose from radionuclide solutions mixed intimately with
      the FBX dosimeter.
AB  - Chemical dosimeters are used widely for accurate measurement of large radiation
      doses due to external beam irradiation from radionuclide sources and from
      particle accelerators. Their use for measurement of absorbed doses from
      radioactive solutions mixed in the dosimeter solution was reported as early as
      1952, but the large activities needed to produce suitable absorbance values in
      the relatively insensitive dosimeters of that time discouraged further work. This
      manuscript reports the results of an investigation into the suitability of the
      ferrous sulfate-benzoic acid-xylenol orange (FBX) dosimeter for measurement of
      small absorbed doses caused by radionuclide solutions mixed with the dosimeter
      solution. The FBX dosimeter exhibited a linear dose response as a function of
      activity for two common radiopharmaceuticals, 99mTc sodium pertechnetate and 131I
      sodium iodide. Conditions under which the FBX dosimeter may be used with
      radionuclide solutions were studied and were found to be amenable to routine use
      by laboratories possessing relatively unsophisticated instrumentation. That any
      radionuclide could be studied using this dosimeter appears likely.

PMID- 4030336
TI  - Efficiency estimation for detecting U alpha particles in solid-state nuclear
      track detectors.
AB  - The detection efficiencies of solid-state nuclear track detectors, made with
      cellulose nitrate materials (LR-115 II) or allyl diglycol carbonate (CR-39) were
      investigated. Detection efficiency for a surface alpha source was experimentally
      obtained by changing the dimensions between the detector and the source, while
      alpha-particle incident efficiency was calculated. The ratio of the detection
      efficiency to the incident efficiency was then determined. It was confirmed that
      the ratio for LR-115 II was dependent on energy, but for CR-39 the ratio showed
      almost no dependency. Considering the relationship between solid absorber
      thickness and detection efficiency of the surface alpha source, detection
      efficiencies of U in various metals were estimated. The efficiency for U
      contained in Al and Fe was proposed as 16% for LR-115 II and 22% for CR-39. Using
      these efficiencies, amounts of U in some Al and Fe ingots were determined. These
      agreed with concentrations obtained by neutron-activation analysis with
      deviations of less than 15%.

PMID- 4030337
TI  - Enhanced nuclear radiation from camera lenses.

PMID- 4030338
TI  - Iodine-129 in mammalian thyroids in the Federal Republic of Germany.

PMID- 4030339
TI  - The metabolism and decorporation of Pu after inhalation of the tributyl phosphate
      complex by the rat.

PMID- 4030340
TI  - Plutonium fallout at Fayetteville, AR.

PMID- 4030341
TI  - The distribution of a pulsed very low frequency electric field around video
      display terminals.

PMID- 4030342
TI  - Krypton-85 purge at Three Mile Island: a comparison of measured and calculated
      surface air concentrations.

PMID- 4030343
TI  - Use of sintered magnesium borate thermoluminescent dosimeters for low dose
      measurements.

PMID- 4030344
TI  - High thermoluminescent dosimeter readings outside a medical accelerator.

PMID- 4030345
TI  - Confirm or deny: nuclear submarine workers at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard had
      excess leukemia.

PMID- 4030347
TI  - [Microvascular reconstruction of peripheral blood vessel occlusions in the hand
      and fingers].

PMID- 4030348
TI  - [Comparison of traditional and microsurgical methods in reconstructive surgery of
      the limbs].

PMID- 4030349
TI  - [Disaster medicine--a new medico-surgical discipline].

PMID- 4030350
TI  - [Vascular surgery on sick tissue].

PMID- 4030346
TI  - Low-level radiation, malignant disease, extrapolation and 'official science'.

PMID- 4030351
TI  - [Musculo-cutaneous flaps in general surgery].

PMID- 4030352
TI  - [Mechanical properties of Ilizarov's external fixator].

PMID- 4030353
TI  - [Risk of colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy].

PMID- 4030354
TI  - [Stoneless necrotizing cholecystitis in patients with polytrauma].

PMID- 4030356
TI  - The initial evaluation of the polytrauma.

PMID- 4030355
TI  - [Left-open abdomen. Indications and experiences].

PMID- 4030357
TI  - [Jejunal diverticulitis, a rare cause of acute abdomen].

PMID- 4030359
TI  - [Reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy].

PMID- 4030358
TI  - [Scapular flap].

PMID- 4030360
TI  - [Osteosynthesis of the phalanges].

PMID- 4030361
TI  - [Bone blood supply after change of implant].

PMID- 4030362
TI  - Bone loss following plate fixation of fractures? Quantitative determination in
      human tibiae using computed tomography.

PMID- 4030363
TI  - [Incidence, treatment and late results of fresh and old injuries of posterior
      cruciate ligaments].

PMID- 4030364
TI  - [Stress relief of the osteosynthesis plate by an interfragmentary plate traction
      screw].

PMID- 4030365
TI  - [Plastic surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament: late results after 5
      different reconstruction procedures].

PMID- 4030366
TI  - [Fibular injury of ligaments of the upper part of the ankle joint. Contribution
      to the roentgen diagnosis].

PMID- 4030367
TI  - [Transarticular fracture of the calcaneus. Widening approach and technic of
      reposition].

PMID- 4030368
TI  - [Surgical treatment of peripheral and central injuries of the talus].

PMID- 4030369
TI  - [Measurement of chemiluminescence in diluted whole blood for the determination of
      granulocyte function in the perioperative period].

PMID- 4030370
TI  - [Surgical treatment of diverticulitis].

PMID- 4030371
TI  - [Diverticulitis--pathophysiological aspects and surgical therapy].

PMID- 4030372
TI  - [Intraoperative wound irrigation with a new local antiseptic].

PMID- 4030373
TI  - [10-year experience in malignant struma surgery: relevant and irrelevant factors
      in the prognosis].

PMID- 4030375
TI  - [Biliary bacteriology in clinical use].

PMID- 4030374
TI  - [Late follow-up of venous thrombosis of the thigh and pelvis using radionuclide
      phlebography].

PMID- 4030376
TI  - [Replacement of the cervical esophagus by a free small intestine transplant in
      swine].

PMID- 4030377
TI  - [Experiences with the clinical use of hot air jet coagulation].

PMID- 4030378
TI  - [Correction of rectovaginal fistulas].

PMID- 4030379
TI  - Compound heterozygosity for two genotypes of alpha-thalassemia-2: hematological,
      biosynthetic and DNA studies.
AB  - Hemoglobin and DNA gene analyses were carried out in two Black Canadian families.
      In Family Q, both the parents and the brother were found to be heterozygotes for
      alpha-thalassemia-2 with the following alpha-genotypes: -alpha 3.7/alpha alpha, 
      alpha 4.2/alpha alpha and -alpha 4.2/alpha alpha, respectively. In Family C, the
      mother was found to be a homozygote for alpha-thalassemia-2 with the alpha
      genotype of -alpha 3.7/-alpha 3.7. In both families, the propositi were compound
      heterozygotes for alpha-thalassemia-2 with the alpha-genotype of -alpha 3.7/
      alpha 4.2. The propositus in Family C was also a sickle cell trait carrier. The
      usefulness of DNA gene analyses in family studies of hemoglobinopathy was
      discussed.

PMID- 4030380
TI  - Distributions of hemoglobins A and S among erythrocytes of heterozygotes.
AB  - The recently developed capability to separate and quantify each of several
      proteins concurrently in single red cells presents an opportunity to test for
      biological variations in intercellular distribution of a protein as well as the
      extent of correlation between quantities of gene products derived from a single
      cell genome. In this preliminary study, erythrocytes from 30 sickle trait
      subjects were subjected to single cell electrophoresis and the resulting
      hemoglobin electropherograms were scanned by a recording densitometer. There was
      found to be heterogeneity among subjects in the form of the intercellular
      distribution of Hb S fraction, as tested by g statistics for skewness and
      kurtosis. Additionally, in all subjects there was statistically significant
      correlation between relative quantities of cellular Hb A and Hb S as measured
      concurrently in the same cell. These observations provide a basis for future
      research on the hypothesis that the form of the distribution of hemoglobin among
      erythrocytes is a heritable variable.

PMID- 4030381
TI  - Hemoglobin Handsworth or alpha2 18(A16)Gly----Arg beta2 in a Saudi newborn.

PMID- 4030382
TI  - Hemoglobin Cocody [beta 21 (B3)Asp----Asn] hematologic aspects of heterozygosity
      and of Hb Cocody/beta +-thalassemia.

PMID- 4030383
TI  - Hemoglobinopathies in Turkey.

PMID- 4030384
TI  - International Hemoglobin Center policies--IHIC.

PMID- 4030385
TI  - Three-dimensional vascular architecture of the dog heart as revealed by injection
      replica scanning electron microscopy.

PMID- 4030386
TI  - Studies with the total artificial heart using sheep as an adult animal model.

PMID- 4030387
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum complex to cephem antibiotics.

PMID- 4030388
TI  - Proceedings of a symposium on progress in general, applied and diagnostic
      histochemistry. Modra, Czechoslovakia, 12-15 April, 1984.

PMID- 4030389
TI  - Cell surface morphology of the morphogenetically active system of the embryo
      after treatment with tunicamycin, a glycosylation blocking drug.

PMID- 4030390
TI  - Cytochemical and immunological profiles of fresh and cultured leukaemic cells.

PMID- 4030391
TI  - Lysosomes of the rat pituitary intermediate lobe.

PMID- 4030392
TI  - Detection by the PAP technique of lysozyme-containing synoviocytes and their
      quantity in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis.

PMID- 4030393
TI  - Placental alkaline phosphatase in benign and malignant endometrium.
AB  - The presence of placental alkaline phosphatase has been demonstrated
      immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody, in frozen sections of human
      endometrium. The enzyme is present in glandular epithelium, but is found most
      commonly in the surface epithelial layer throughout the menstrual cycle. It has
      also been demonstrated in malignant endometrial epithelium in eight out of twelve
      patients.

PMID- 4030395
TI  - Quantitative analysis of collagen, protein and DNA in fixed, paraffin-embedded
      and sectioned tissue.
AB  - Modifications and adaptations of chemical techniques have been used to quantitate
      hydroxyproline (collagen), total protein and DNA in fixed, paraffin-embedded and
      sectioned tissue. The assays are rapid and sensitive to between 0.1 and 1.0
      micrograms of each of the three components. Values for the ratio of collagen to
      total protein or collagen per DNA obtained from sectioned material are the same
      as values derived from fresh or fixed starting material. Depending on the tissue
      and the sample size, as little as three to five 5 micron thick sections can be
      analysed for these three components. The ratios of collagen per total protein or
      collagen per DNA are given for several murine tissues. The assay of these
      components in tissue sections will allow a more precise correlation between
      histological appearance and the quantitative biochemical changes that may
      accompany many pathological disorders. The techniques are particularly useful in
      retrospective studies where the experimental material may be en bloc.

PMID- 4030394
TI  - Lectin histochemistry of complex carbohydrates in human cervix.
AB  - Complex carbohydrates in the human cervix were studied histochemically using
      lectins conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and correlated procedures.
      Stratified squamous epithelium of the exocervix and columnar epithelium of the
      endocervix in some, but not all specimens showed staining for terminal alpha-N
      acetyl-D-galactosamine, alpha-D-galactose, beta-D-galactose and alpha-L-fucose.
      The staining for alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine and alpha-galactose, the terminal
      sugars in blood group A and B antigens respectively, corresponded to a large
      extent with ABO blood type. One exception was the lack of staining for terminal
      alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine in endocervical secretions in three of nine blood
      type A patients. A second exception was the staining for terminal alpha-galactose
      in endocervical secretions in about half of blood type O and A specimens. The
      type and amount of glycoprotein formed by endocervical columnar cells differed
      according to location in superficial compared with deep portions of the glands
      and according to location at the junction with exocervix compared with the more
      internal regions. Staining of endothelial cells for blood group A and B antigens
      was confined to subjects of blood type A and B respectively, although three of
      nine type A specimens showed no lectin reactivity for group A antigen.
      Endothelial cells evidenced affinity for Ulex europeus I agglutinin demonstrative
      of fucose in all specimens. Mast cells disclosed lectin affinity consistent with
      the presence of terminal or internal mannose or N-acetylglucosamine residues. Two
      blood type O specimens were examined with conjugated lectins at the
      ultrastructural level. Secretory granules stained for content of terminal alpha
      galactose, beta-galactose and fucose. These results support and concur with
      biochemical studies of complex carbohydrates in human cervical tissues. They
      reveal, in addition, the location of the blood group antigens in the human
      exocervix and endocervix and the marked heterogeneity among endocervical columnar
      cells in glycoprotein production.

PMID- 4030396
TI  - Histochemical demonstration of monoaminergic and cholinesterase-positive nerve
      fibres in regenerating rat submandibular gland autografts.
AB  - A cholinesterase localization method and a monoamine histofluorescence technique
      were used to locate nerve fibres in regenerating rat submandibular gland
      autografts. Experimental rats had a portion of one submandibular gland excised
      and cut into small fragments which were autografted immediately into the middle
      one-third of the tongue. Control rats had a portion of one submandibular gland
      removed and discarded, and their tongues were sham-operated. Seven to ten weeks
      later, the rats were killed and the tongues were removed, frozen and sectioned in
      a cryostat. A light microscopical study of the tongue sections subjected to the
      cholinesterase technique showed that the submandibular gland autografts contained
      many nerve fibres that exhibited cholinesterase activity. These cholinesterase
      positive nerve fibres were distributed throughout the autografts. The fibres were
      associated with the numerous duct-like structures and the less numerous acini. In
      addition, ultraviolet illumination of tongue sections after treatment with a
      glyoxylic acid mixture revealed histofluorescent monoaminergic nerves within the
      autografts. These fibres were less prominent than the cholinesterase-positive
      fibres and appeared to run primarily along blood vessels within the autografts.
      The results suggest that autonomic nerves are present within regenerating
      submandibular gland autografts.

PMID- 4030397
TI  - Fibre-type specificity and effect of thyroid hormone on glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activity in normal and denervated skeletal muscles of the rat.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increases following denervation of rat
      skeletal muscle. The specificity of this effect to muscle fibre type was studied.
      Basal activity of the dehydrogenase was higher in soleus, a muscle composed
      predominantly of type I fibres, than in extensor digitorum longus, a muscle
      composed predominantly of type IIa and b fibres. The enzymatic activity of the
      soleus was also greater than that of the red (RQ) and white (WQ) portions of
      quadriceps muscle (predominantly type IIa and type IIb fibres, respectively).
      Following denervation, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased in extensor
      digitorum longus and RQ, but not in WQ or the soleus. Following chronic treatment
      of rats with 3,3',5-triiodothyronine, which converts type I muscle fibres to type
      II, the dehydrogenase activity increased in both denervated soleus and extensor
      digitorum longus. It is concluded that the effect of denervation on glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase activity is selective for type IIa (fast oxidative
      glycolytic) muscle fibres.

PMID- 4030398
TI  - Quantitative aspects of the histochemical tetrazolium salt reaction on monoamine
      oxidase activity in rat liver.
AB  - The tetrazolium method for the histochemical detection of monoamine oxidase (MAO)
      activity in rat liver cryostat sections has been tested for its specificity and
      its possible use in quantification. The tetrazolium salt tetranitro blue
      tetrazolium is recommended for the localization of MAO activity, rather than
      nitro blue tetrazolium or BPST [2-(2-benzothiazolyl)-3-(4-phthalhydrazidyl)-5
      styryl-tetrazolium] . Hardly any formazan was produced in the absence of the
      substrate tryptamine and Marsilid, a specific inhibitor of MAO activity,
      prevented formazan production almost completely. A linear relationship between
      the integrated absorbance measured with a microdensitometer and either the
      incubation period or section thickness was obtained. We conclude that the method
      described in this paper can be used for the quantitative analysis of MAO activity
      in tissue sections of rat liver. MAO activity was found to be 20-25% higher in
      the periportal zone of rat liver than in the perivenous zone.

PMID- 4030399
TI  - Rat prostate gland--a good model for demonstration of ornithine decarboxylase by
      immunohistochemistry.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase was localized immunohistochemically in paraffin sections
      of prostate glands of the rat using Sternberger's PAP technique. Two types of
      immunoreactive cells were detected in the gland epithelium: strongly positive
      ones and weakly positive ones. Unreactive cells were also present. The functional
      role of the enzyme in the secretory process of the glands is discussed in the
      light of these findings.

PMID- 4030400
TI  - Quantitative correlative proton and electron microprobe analysis of biological
      specimens.
AB  - To investigate the possibility of quantitative correlative proton microprobe
      (PMP) and electron microprobe (EMP) analysis of biological soft tissue, model
      specimens were analyzed by both techniques. The specimens consisted of freeze
      dried sections of gelatin containing known concentrations of nickel chloride.
      Both for PMP and for EMP, the signal was expressed as the ratio of the
      characteristic intensity and the continuum intensity in a peak-free region of the
      spectrum. With both techniques, calibration curves (signal versus known
      concentration) obtained, showed a deviation from linearity at high nickel
      concentrations. However, a linear relation (correlation coefficient 0.996) was
      obtained in a plot of EMP signal versus PMP signal. This indicates that
      quantitative correlative PMP and EMP analysis can be carried out by using the
      same standard for both analytical techniques.

PMID- 4030402
TI  - A histochemical study about the involvement of rat liver cells in the uptake of
      heterologous immune complexes from the circulation.
AB  - Intravenously injected immune complexes (ICx) composed of bovine serum albumin
      (BSA) and rabbit anti-BSA were taken up by the liver. Insoluble complexes, made
      in antibody excess, were rapidly taken up by Kupffer cells and were metabolized
      within 24 h. Soluble complexes, made in antigen excess, were only partly taken up
      by Kupffer cells. In addition these complexes were bound, taken up and
      metabolized by endothelial cells. Until 2 h after injection soluble complexes
      could also be observed along the microvilli of hepatocytes. No signs of
      endocytosis in hepatocytes could be observed. It is concluded, that ICx can be
      taken up by Kupffer cells as well as by endothelial cells. The physical state of
      the complexes, soluble or insoluble, determines the cell type in which uptake
      occurs.

PMID- 4030401
TI  - Differential distribution of 3H dihydrotestosterone and 3H estradiol nuclear
      binding sites in mouse male accessory sex organs. An autoradiographic study.
AB  - The distribution of specific nuclear binding sites for androgens and estrogens in
      the male accessory sex organs of the mouse was assessed by autoradiography with
      3H dihydrotestosterone (3H DHT) and 3H estradiol (3H E2). With 3H DHT nuclear
      labeling differed among the epithelia of the organs. It was high in seminal
      vesicle and ampullary gland, moderate in ventral prostate, urethral gland,
      prostatic excretory ducts and the ampulla ductus deferentis, low in dorsal
      prostate and low or absent in coagulation gland. With 3H E2, in contrast,
      epithelial nuclear labeling was high only in coagulation gland, moderate or low
      in seminal vesicle, low or absent in ventral and dorsal prostate and absent in
      ampullary gland and ampulla ductus deferentis. In the lamina propria of all
      organs nuclear labeling with 3H DHT was generally moderate and existed only in
      some cells, with the highest number in the ampulla ductus deferentis. With 3H E2,
      nuclear labeling in the lamina propria showed a high intensity in all organs,
      except in ventral and dorsal prostate which remained unlabeled. Many labeled
      cells were found in the deferent duct and its ampulla, while in the other organs
      only a few cells showed nuclear labeling with 3H E2. In the smooth muscle sheath
      of all organs, some muscle cells were moderately labeled with 3H DHT, but not
      with 3H E2. The results indicate the presence of nuclear receptors in male
      accessory sex organs for both dihydrotestosterone and estradiol. The differential
      patterns of 3H DHT and 3H E2 nuclear uptake suggest differential sensitivities of
      the individual organs and their tissue compartments for androgens and estrogens.

PMID- 4030403
TI  - Immunocytochemical demonstration of tubulin microheterogeneity within rat
      cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
AB  - Rat cortical and hippocampal pyramidal cells were immunocytochemically
      investigated using the TU-01 monoclonal antibody recognizing alpha-tubulin. The
      isotypic specificity of this antibody is distinct from that of other available
      alpha-tubulin antibodies; therefore, an intracellular heterogeneity among
      neuronal microtubules could be revealed by observing intensely immunostained
      apical dendritic microtubules in the complete absence of staining of the
      microtubules in the basal dendrites and perikarya of the same pyramidal cells.

PMID- 4030404
TI  - Cytochemical demonstration of adenylate cyclase activity with cerium.
AB  - Cerium was applied for the ultrastructural, cytochemical localization of
      adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1.). The enzyme activity was stimulated with
      norepinephrine, prenalterol and cholera toxin in the brown fat cells of newborn
      rats. The final reaction product was observed in the plasmalemmas of the
      stimulated adipocytes. The precipitate was finely crystalline, easily visible in
      the electron microscope and in the X-ray microprobe analysis it yielded cerium
      and phosphate peaks, respectively. The use of cerium offers a new tool valid for
      the cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase enzyme related to the membrane
      receptors.

PMID- 4030405
TI  - Cationic dyes reveal proteoglycans on the surface of epithelial and endothelial
      kidney cells.
AB  - The glomerular epithelial cells of the rat kidney fixed by vascular perfusion
      with an aldehyde solution containing either safranine O or alcian blue (and 0.3 M
      MgCl2) display filaments which are located close to the outer surface of the
      plasma membrane. These filaments are similar to those revealed by the same
      methods in the laminae rarae of the glomerular basement membrane. Alcian blue
      (and MgCl2) further demonstrates the presence of anionic sites inside the
      endothelial cell pores of the glomerular and peritubular capillaries, on the
      luminal surface of endothelial cells of large renal vessels and along the
      basolateral surface of the epithelial cells of the Bowman capsule and of the
      proximal convoluted tubule.

PMID- 4030406
TI  - Cytochemical studies of acid phosphatases in the rat lateral prostate with
      special reference to secretory apparatus and lysosome system.
AB  - A cytochemical study of acid phosphatase (AcP-ase) in the lateral prostate of the
      rat was performed to investigate whether AcP-ase in the secretory apparatus can
      be distinguished from AcP-ase in lysosomes and their related structures. Two
      types of AcP-ase were observed in the rat lateral prostate. One was found in the
      secretory apparatus (Golgi saccules and some Golgi vesicles, condensing and
      secretory vacuoles), and reacted well with naphthol AS-BI phosphate (N AS-BI P)
      as substrate; the other was found in the lysosomes and Golgi-associated
      endoplasmic-reticulum-lysosome system (GERL)-like structure, and reacted well
      with beta-glycerophosphate (beta GP) as substrate. Although the AcP-ase which
      reacted well with N AS-BI P was also observed in certain portions of pleomorphic
      lysosomes, it was concluded that it was the same as the AcP-ase found in the
      condensing and secretory vacuoles, since a lysosome engulfing a condensing
      vacuole was often observed. Therefore, it is concluded that the AcP-ase in the
      secretory apparatus in the rat lateral prostate is different from the AcP-ase in
      lysosomes. Condensing vacuoles appear to originate from particular portions of
      Golgi saccules, but not from the GERL or GERL-like structure, at least in the rat
      lateral prostate.

PMID- 4030407
TI  - Simultaneous ultrastructural demonstration of retrogradely transported
      horseradish peroxidase and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity.
AB  - In order to study the synaptic connections of neurons identified by their
      projection target and neurotransmitter content, we have adapted a method of
      combining retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and
      immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level. HRP was injected into the
      rat amygdala. Sections from the rostral forebrain were processed according to the
      3,3'-diaminobenzidine/glucose oxidase reaction followed by choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) localization. Neurons in the ventral pallidum which
      contained both the diffuse immunoperoxidase reaction product (ChAT) and large
      electron dense bodies characteristic of retrogradely transported HRP were defined
      as double labeled, i.e. cholinergic neurons that project to the amygdaloid body.

PMID- 4030408
TI  - Histochemical localization of hormone sensitive adenylate cyclase in defined
      nephron epithelia in culture.
AB  - Distal nephron epithelia of defined anatomical origin were microdissected from
      rabbit kidneys and individually explanted into an in vitro culture system. The 7
      day monolayers grown from four different nephron epithelia were studied for the
      presence and amount of adenylate cyclase reaction product. In each case basal
      adenylate cyclase was compared with the enzyme reaction product after stimulation
      by arginine vasopressin, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and isoproterenol.
      In cortical collecting tubule cultures, the reaction was stimulated by
      vasopressin greater than isoproterenol greater than calcitonin. PTH had no
      effect. In cortical thick ascending loop of Henle cells, the stimulation was by
      calcitonin greater than vasopressin = PTH. Isoproterenol had no effect. In
      medullary ascending loop epithelia, stimulation was by vasopressin = calcitonin.
      Neither isoproterenol nor PTH had an effect. These observations indicate that
      adenylate cyclase is histochemically demonstrable in cultivated cells from rabbit
      distal nephron segments and that the enzyme activation by hormones is
      differential according to the epithelium of origin.

PMID- 4030409
TI  - [Peripheral vestibular neuropathy and a central vestibular equivalent].
AB  - The results of the initial and follow-up examinations of 217 patients with
      vestibular neuritis and 63 patients with a so called "vestibular neuritis
      syndrome" were statistically evaluated and quantified using the vestibular index.
      The results for patients with vestibular neuritis were compared at the different
      stages to those of patients after neurectomy of the vestibular nerve. The site of
      the lesion in patients with vestibular neuritis may therefore be in the region of
      Scarpa's ganglion (retrolabyrinthine). Alternatively the total peripheral end
      organ may be affected. This conclusion agrees with histopathological findings.
      The "vestibular neuritis syndrome" included patients with the same history as
      patients with true vestibular neuritis but with signs of a central-vestibular
      disturbance or a combination of a central and peripheral lesion of the vestibular
      system. In these cases the lesion may be situated closer to the vestibular nuclei
      or its central pathways. Both disorders were similar with respect to history,
      etiology and the prognosis.

PMID- 4030410
TI  - [Comparison of different audiometric procedures for infants less than 1 year
      old].
AB  - The comparison of all the hearing test methods that have been advocated during
      recent years shows that all have severe drawbacks and are thus unsuitable for
      screening for hearing loss in newborns. Therefore it is better to screen by the
      high risk registry. All high risk children must be seen by the paedaudiologist.

PMID- 4030411
TI  - [Evaluation of hearing improvement due to hearing aids].
AB  - A method to assess the hearing improvement due to hearing aids is described. This
      method has been used routinely at a local hospital for 2 years on 200 patients.
      This method is based on the assessment of the speech reception threshold for
      sentences ("Marburger Satztest") in silence and in various noise levels (speech
      simulating noise). The following were used for the assessment of the hearing aid:
      the improvement of the speech reception threshold in silence with or without a
      hearing aid, the maximum tolerable noise level (i.e. the noise level at which
      everyday speech becomes subliminal for patients with hearing aids) and the noise
      level at which the speech reception threshold with the hearing aid is worse than
      without.

PMID- 4030412
TI  - [Status of the canal system in the temporal bone and its variations. II. Canals
      of the petrous portion between the internal acoustic meatus and the inferior
      surface of the petrous portion].

PMID- 4030413
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of lymphangiomas, hemangiomas and nevi in the area
      of the head and neck].
AB  - The superficial angiomas and nevi arise from the endothelial cells, the pigment
      cell-system or the epidermal cells. Hemangiomas are benign tumours of the
      endothelial cells appearing predominantly in female newborn infants. Depending on
      localisation, growth and proliferation there is a tendency for spontaneous
      involution. For irreversible dysfunction or anatomical deformities surgical
      resection during the growth phase of the hemangioma is indicated. Surgery may be
      necessary to improve the functional and esthetic appearance after spontaneous
      involution causing loose residual skin. Radiotherapy of the lesion is rarely
      indicated. Systemic steroid therapy in cooperation with the pediatrician should
      be reserved only for desperate cases such as Kasabach-Merrit-Syndrome. Port wine
      nevi without scars can be covered with skin tanning cosmetics. Argon-Laser
      Therapy is not yet so selective that healing can be achieved with certainty and
      without scars. Clinical progression requires surgery, especially for racemose
      angiectasia. Arterial embolization should only be used under special conditions,
      and then only as pretreatment. Lymphangiomas are mostly angiectatic processes,
      especially of lymphatic vascular tissue and vessels. Even large cystic
      lymphangiomas can be treated quite well by surgery, but operations on large
      diffuse invasive lymphangiomas often cause lymphedema and infection similar to
      erysipelas leading to pseudorecurrence. The benign malformations of the pigment
      cell system require clear differentiation from malignant melanoma and its
      precursors. Malignant melanoma develops more frequently from congenital nevi of
      the deep type than from other pigmented lesions. Malignant melanomas arising from
      giant nevi are usually diagnosed too late so that almost all patients die.
      Removal of giant nevi as early as possible is recommended. The epidermal
      malformations, too, need accurate diagnosis. Multisymptomatic syndromes such as
      the Basal-Cell-Nevus-Syndrome, and vascular and pigment cell abnormalities
      require special care.

PMID- 4030414
TI  - [Infratemporal approach in nasopharyngeal cancer: operative technics and initial
      results].
AB  - When nasopharyngeal cancer recurs after radiotherapy, and when the dura is not
      invaded, radical excision is still possible by means of the infratemporal fossa
      approach (ITFA), developed by the senior author. In an effort to improve the
      results of radiotherapy, 13 cases of residual or persistent disease were operated
      on by this approach between 1977 and 1981. Of seven patients with T4 tumours, all
      died of persistent disease within two to three years. Six patients with T1 or T2
      non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma are alive two to five years after
      surgery. Only one patient needed additional surgery for another recurrence. The
      approach results in a complete conductive hearing loss and permanent anaesthesia
      of the mandibular nerve. The procedure is safe and well tolerated. Average
      hospital stay is 14 days. A combination of radiotherapy and surgery is
      recommended for T1 and T2 carcinoma in order to improve longterm survival rates.

PMID- 4030415
TI  - [Local differences in the tissue picture of chronic hyperplastic paranasal sinus
      mucosa].
AB  - Five standardised mucosal biopsies were taken on each side during endoscopic
      sinus surgery from twenty-two patients with severe hyperplastic paranasal
      sinusitis. The different samples from the ethmoidal and maxillary sinus mucosa
      were compared with regard to the uniformity of histological changes. Each
      histological component of the sinus mucosa was involved to a different extent in
      local pathological changes. These analyses support the view that the character of
      the chronic inflammatory process is influenced by local pathogenetic factors.
      Preoperative biopsies do not give information about the general condition of the
      sinus mucosa.

PMID- 4030416
TI  - [Indications for surgical intervention in occult paranasal sinusitis in the
      child].
AB  - Sinus surgery, including antroscopy, is rarely indicated in children because
      radiological changes and their histological correlates often disappear
      spontaneously. In this paper we report the follow up of 17 children who underwent
      sinuscopy for an occult sinusitis with radiologic opacity of the maxillary
      sinuses. Even though considerable inflammatory reactions were seen normal x-rays
      were found in 68% one year after endoscopy.

PMID- 4030417
TI  - [Rhinomanometric measurements in obstructed nasal respiration before and
      following rhinosurgical interventions].
AB  - 355 patients with nasal obstruction caused by different disease were treated by
      various nasal operations. Active anterior rhinomanometry was performed before and
      after operation, both before and after decongestion of the nasal mucosa. 254
      patients were reassessed 6 to 9 months later. On average an increase of nasal
      airway was achieved from V 1.5 = 0.46 1/s before operation to 0.74 1/s after
      operation (before decongestion) and from V 1.5 = 0.55 1/s before operation to
      0.83 1/s after operation (after decongestion of the nasal mucosa). The
      decongestion effect and the differences between the better worse nasal cavities
      showed a significant decrease after operation. Rhinomanometric evaluation of the
      various nasal operations is presented for patients with nasal blockade caused by
      various diseases.

PMID- 4030418
TI  - [Format filling photodocumentation with the flexible endoscope Olympus ENF-P
      using a new objective combination].
AB  - Photographic documentation is an important part of endoscopy. A flexible
      endoscope of small diameter, developed for special use in ENT is described. The
      resulting photographs fill the slide ("format filling"). This new objective
      combination fulfills the requirements of endoscopic construction and permits good
      photographic documentation of concealed parts of the ear, nose and throat which
      cannot be achieved by conventional rigid endoscopes.

PMID- 4030419
TI  - [Arteriovenous fistula of the temporal vessels--a rare complication of blunt
      cranial trauma].
AB  - A very rare case of an arteriovenous fistula of the temporal vessels following a
      blunt trauma to the skull with fracture is reported. The symptoms, diagnosis,
      pathogenesis and operative treatment are discussed.

PMID- 4030420
TI  - A new HLA Bw16 subtype defined in both Negroid and Saudi Arabian populations.
AB  - Serological identification of a new HLA-Bw16 subtype, B39B, was made by the
      analysis of reaction patterns of many alloantisera and one monoclonal antibody.
      The B39B pattern of reactivity was shown to be distinct from HLA-Bw38, Bw39, and
      8w57. Cytotoxicity testing before and after absorption suggests that the B39B
      specificity belongs to the HLA-B7 cross-reactive group. The B39B was clearly
      demonstrated in two families. This antigen was detected in Negroids and Saudi
      Arabian Caucasoids but not in a large panel of British Caucasoids.

PMID- 4030421
TI  - Trigger activation of the paradoxical salivatory response to atropine in the
      parasympathetically denervated human parotid gland.
AB  - The author describes a specific intermediate condition of the response to
      atropine during the 2nd stage of denervation of the human parotid gland. Of the
      entire cohort of 110 subjects, some 20 subjects have been observed
      systematically. They demonstrated an extremely intense atropine salivation that
      followed an additional trigger activation, namely food or acid irritation of the
      mouth mucosa. The initial phase of such a stimulation was characterized by a
      sharp, explosive increase in secretion. The following conclusions have been
      inferred: (1) in the 2nd stage of parasympathetic denervation of the human
      parotid gland, there emerges a specific intermediate condition of 'readiness' for
      an extremely intense paradoxical salivatory response to atropine and other
      cholinolytics; (2) the pre-start 'readiness' state may be activated by means of
      adding a trigger signal followed by an explosive occurrence of abundant
      secretion; (3) only food or acid irritation, even to a minimal extent, of the
      mouth cavity may serve a specific trigger signal; (4) a stable state of this
      trigger readiness has been observed in 20 subjects for years, while in other
      subjects it has been observed as a transitory event between the 1st and the 3rd
      stages of denervation and during the regression of symptoms in the rehabilitation
      period; (5) suggestions have been made concerning the trigger activation
      mechanism of the atropine salivatory paradox and the evolutionary, model and
      clinical significance of the events described.

PMID- 4030422
TI  - Napping behavior during "spontaneous internal desynchronization": sleep remains
      in synchrony with body temperature.
AB  - Patterns of sleep and wakefulness exhibited in an environment without time cues
      are generally considered to be monophasic, with a distinct relationship between
      sleep episodes and the minimum of body core temperature. In some cases this
      relationship between major sleep episodes and temperature becomes replaced by an
      apparently varying phase relationship between the two variables called
      "spontaneous internal desynchronization". In the present study the sleep-wake and
      temperature data of six subjects living in an environment without time cues and
      exhibiting internal desynchronization were reanalyzed to include subjectively
      designated naps. Two groups of naps were identified based on their phase
      positions relative to temperature, with one group occurring around the
      temperature minimum and another group clustering approximately halfway between
      successive minima. The results support the suggestion that neither monophasic
      sleep placement nor sleep patterns typically associated with spontaneous internal
      desynchronization reflect biological sleep tendency. Rather, sleep tendency is
      reflected more accurately by the bimodal sleep patterns exhibited by subjects who
      are allowed to time their sleep and waking with no restrictions.

PMID- 4030423
TI  - Temporal organization of behavior.

PMID- 4030424
TI  - Comments on time in action and perception.

PMID- 4030425
TI  - Schemas for the temporal organization of behaviour.
AB  - Those aspects of the timing of behaviour are emphasized which derive from the
      need for the organism to coordinate its actions with objects in the environment.
      Such coordination may require the serial performance of certain actions, yet
      permit elements of concurrency as well. Perceptual and motor schemas are
      introduced as units for the functional description of behaviour intermediate
      between a purely phenomenological description and an account of the detailed
      neural mechanisms of behaviour. The language of coordinated control programs is
      outlined to suggest how such schemas are orchestrated in visually and tactilely
      guided behaviour. Finally, a crucial property of the timing of many movements is
      discussed: their division into a fast (feedforward, ballistic) phase followed by
      a slow (feedback) phase. This division is analyzed in the light of the effect of
      brain damage on reaching movements.

PMID- 4030426
TI  - Temporal tracking and synchronization strategies.
AB  - Timing measures were obtained from subjects instructed to tap a Morse key in
      synchrony with a metronome which marked a timing pattern consisting of
      alternating blocks of intervals of imperceptibly different duration.
      "Synchronization strategies", which consisted of computer-simulated sets of
      rules, or algorithms, hypothesized to be the basis of synchronization behavior,
      were used to simulate tapping sequences in response to the same metronome
      sequences. The human and computer-simulated synchronization data were analyzed
      identically and compared to determine which of the postulated strategies could
      explain the observed human tapping behavior. The strategies generating timing
      data statistically indistinguishable from the human data involve a pattern of
      human-metronome interaction, and a corresponding transfer of information, more
      complex and subtle than previous investigations had implied.

PMID- 4030427
TI  - The percentage of projection neurons and interneurons in the human lateral
      geniculate nucleus.
AB  - Projection neurons and local circuit neurons of the human lateral geniculate
      nucleus (LGN) offer different patterns of lipofuscin pigmentation. One type of
      projection cell (type I neuron) and two varieties of local circuit neurons (type
      II and type III neurons) can be distinguished on account of their characteristic
      pigmentation. The majority of the nerve cells are type I projection neurons.
      Pigmented type II neurons comprise about 8.5% and type III neurons devoid of
      pigment amount to only 0.2% of the nerve cells.

PMID- 4030428
TI  - Human contrast sensitivity: regional retinal differences.
AB  - Contrast sensitivity functions of foveal and of perifoveal upper and lower
      hemiretinal regions were measured in a population of twenty subjects. Foveal
      stimuli yielded consistently higher contrast sensitivities as well as a shift of
      the maximal sensitivity towards higher spatial frequencies as compared to
      perifoveal stimuli. The upper hemiretinal area was more sensitive at all spatial
      frequencies tested than the corresponding lower hemiretinal area. The statistical
      comparisons were highly significant, indicating not only regional retinal
      differences in visual acuity as reflected by the different contrast threshold
      levels at the highest spatial frequency, but also global differences between the
      upper and lower hemiretina systems not restricted to certain spatial frequency
      channels.

PMID- 4030429
TI  - Tolerance of peripheral nerve to intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT): clinical and
      experimental studies.
AB  - In our clinical experience combining wide excision and intraoperative
      radiotherapy (IORT), five patients have developed clinical signs of lumbosacral
      or sciatic neuropathy within 9 months of receiving IORT to a dose of 20-25 Gy.
      Three patients showed recovery of nerve function over several months while two
      patients have shown no recovery and have near complete loss of extremity
      function. In an attempt to investigate this clinical observation further, the
      lumbosacral plexus and sciatic nerve of American foxhounds were surgically
      exposed and received a single dose of IORT ranging from 20-75 Gy. An approximate
      linear relationship between radiation dose and time to onset of hind limb paresis
      is found with 19 of 21 irradiated dogs showing clinical signs of nerve injury
      within an interval of 1-19 months. No recovery of nerve function is seen in these
      dogs. Histological study of the irradiated nerves demonstrates a loss of nerve
      fibers, particularly those of the large myelinated type without evidence of
      vascular occlusion or thrombosis. These studies suggest that peripheral nerve may
      be a dose-limiting normal tissue in clinical studies of IORT.

PMID- 4030430
TI  - Pretherapeutic flow cytometric DNA investigations in radiotherapy patients with
      maxillo-facial carcinomas.
AB  - In order to analyze the possible meaning of cellular DNA content and cell cycle
      phases for the radiosensitivity and the prognosis of human malignant tumors, flow
      cytometric measurements have been performed in biopsies of 131 patients with
      histologically proven squamous cell carcinomas of the maxillo-facial region. In
      two-thirds of the patients (88/131; 67%), aneuploid tumor cell lines have been
      found, only 33% (43/131) had a diploid DNA distribution pattern. The average DNA
      index (DI) of the aneuploid carcinomas was 3.4 +/- 0.6 (normal nonmalignant
      tissue DI = 2.0). The frequency of S-phase cells, which represents the
      "proliferative activity", was between 4.8 and 63.2%, regardless of the ploidy
      stages. The aneuploid carcinomas had about twice as many S-phase cells (mean 23.7
      +/- 11.8%) than diploid tumors (mean 12.7 +/- 4.8%). Mean survival for patients
      with diploid carcinoma and aneuploid carcinoma was 12 and 9.5 months,
      respectively. Concerning the relationship of S-phase frequency and survival times
      in our material there was a high negative statistical correlation (Spearman-Rank
      test) in patients with diploid carcinomas. A high S-phase fraction resulted in
      short survival times. No correlation was found in the aneuploid carcinomas:
      patients with tumors in high S-phase values in their biopsies showed no
      difference in prognosis in comparison to tumors with lower S-phase fractions.

PMID- 4030431
TI  - Cell-cell matrix interactions in induced lung injury. II. X-irradiation mediated
      changes in specific basal laminar glycosaminoglycans.
AB  - The thoraces of male LAF1 mice were irradiated at doses of 5, 9, or 13 Gy. The
      animals were killed at times of 1 hr, 1 day, 1 wk, 4 wks, and 12 wks
      postirradiation (PI). The lungs were removed, enzymatically or detergent
      digested, fixed with ruthenium red for demonstration of anionic sites, and
      processed for electron microscopy. Untreated (0 Gy, 0 time) and sham irradiated
      control groups were also processed. Sections of lungs were examined and changes
      in alveolar basal laminar anionic sites were quantitated. Changes in three groups
      of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were identified: chondroitin 4 and 6 sulfate
      dermatan sulfate, hyaluronate, and other GAGs (principally heparan sulfate). At 1
      hr PI, all groups showed a marked decrease in site number over controls, which
      continued to 1 wk. By 4 wks there was a marked relative increase in heparan
      sulfate containing sites for doses of 13 Gy and a moderate increase for the other
      doses. At 12 wks the level of heparan sulfate was considerably above normal for
      doses of 13 Gy and just above normal for the other doses. Chondroitin-dermatan
      sulfate had recovered by 12 wks for doses of 13 Gy, but was still subnormal for
      other doses; however, hyaluronate-containing sites recovered only slightly by 12
      wks. The implications for this change on basal laminar permeability and the
      induction of fibrosis are discussed.

PMID- 4030432
TI  - Correlation of the dermal microvasculature morphology with the epidermal and the
      endothelial population changes produced by single X ray fractions of 1649, 2231
      and 2619 rad in swine.
AB  - The role of the dermal microvasculature in the production of skin changes has not
      been specified. The healing moist reaction observed between 21 and 36 days
      following X ray exposures of 1649, 2231, and 2619 rad results from the loss and
      repopulation of the epidermal basal cells. The second breakdown occurring between
      36 and 70 days results from the loss of endothelial cells in vessels of the
      papillary plexus. The epidermal population in swine skin decreases linearly to a
      nadir at 23 days and returns to control levels (and beyond) exponentially at 28
      32 days. During this period, the endothelial cell density remains at control
      levels. At 28-36 days there is an abrupt decrease to 50% of control levels
      following administration of 1649 rad and a further decrease to 0 after 2231 and
      2619 rad by 70 days. The qualitative morphology of the microvasculature remains
      unchanged until 32-36 days following irradiation. At that time there is increased
      endothelial cell pyknosis and loss of endothelial cells. A decrease in the
      vascular lumen cross-section profile density occurs by 43-49 days. This is
      accompanied by a progressive vascular dilatation. Interstitial edema becomes
      marked, with an inflammatory infiltrate of varying amount. Micro thrombi are
      found after 2619 rad, but are nearly absent after 1649 rad.

PMID- 4030433
TI  - pH distribution in human tumors.
AB  - The effectiveness of hyperthermia in tumor therapy may depend on a lower
      extracellular pH of tumor compared to that of normal tissue. A technique for
      measuring extracellular pH in human tumors has been devised to test the
      usefulness of this parameter as prognostic indicator of tumor hyperthermia
      response. In a preliminary study 50 of 53 pH readings from 14 human tumors (both
      heated and unheated) were below normal physiological pH. Tumor pH values ranged
      between 5.55-7.69 (average for unheated tumors 6.81 +/- 0.09, SEM, only one
      determination was above 7.40). Although there was considerable heterogeneity of
      pH within tumors, the accuracy and drift of the 21 gauge needle electrode were
      not a problem. Fifteen minutes were required for pH stabilization after insertion
      of an 18 gauge open-ended catheter, and less than 5 min for equilibration after
      electrode insertion into the catheter. A saline wheal was used for anesthesia to
      preclude modification of pH by anesthetics. Central portions of tumors were no
      more acidic than peripheral regions, but large tumors tended to be more acidic
      than small tumors. The pH of several tumors of various sizes and histologies was
      also determined immediately before subsequent treatment sessions. These
      measurements were made by reinsertion of catheters in approximately the same
      locations at each session. The trend appeared to be that pH increased with the
      number of treatment sessions. Measurements of pH were made in four patients
      immediately prior to and at the termination of a heating session (same locations
      since catheter remained in place during heating sessions). Three of the four
      tumors showed increased pH readings of 0.25-0.54 units during heating. However,
      none of the four tumors achieved temperatures exceeding 42 degrees C. The pH
      measurement technique developed provides a safe and relatively easy method for
      determining extracellular pH in human tumors. There appears to be a correlation
      of pH values with tumor size, treatment session, and possibly blood flow.

PMID- 4030434
TI  - Comparative theoretical performance for two types of regional hyperthermia
      systems.
AB  - Regional hyperthermia systems have drawn attention because of their potential for
      depositing power noninvasively in deep-seated tumors. Two such systems that have
      received clinical attention because of their ability to deposit significant
      amounts of power in tissue are magnetic induction devices and annular phased
      array applicators. In this paper, theoretical calculations for the specific
      absorption rate (SAR) and the resulting temperature distributions for these
      systems are compared. The finite element method is used in the formulation of
      both the electromagnetic and thermal boundary value problems. Six detailed
      patient models based on CT-scan data from the pelvic, visceral, and thoracic
      regions are generated to simulate a variety of tumor locations. In general, the
      annular phased array deposited more power within the tumor and produced better
      temperature distributions than the magnetic induction device. However, the ratio
      of the maximum power absorbed by the tumor to the maximum power absorbed in
      normal tissue does not appear to be high enough for either device to heat
      significant portions of perfused tumors to therapeutic temperatures under a wide
      range of physiological conditions. The results contained herein should aid the
      physician in comparative treatment planning with existing regional hyperthermia
      systems.

PMID- 4030435
TI  - Intraoperative interstitial microwave-induced hyperthermia and brachytherapy.
AB  - Intra-operative placement of 11-gauge nylon catheters into deep-seated
      unresectable tumors for interstitial brachytherapy permits localized heating of
      tumors (hyperthermia) using microwave (915 MHz) antennas which are inserted into
      these catheters. Four preliminary cases are described where epithelial tumors at
      various sites were implanted with an antenna array and heated for 1 hour, both
      before and after the iridium-192 brachytherapy. Temperatures were monitored in
      catheters required for the appropriate radiation dosimetry but not required for
      the interstitial microwave antenna array hyperthermia (IMAAH) system. Additional
      thermometry was obtained using nonperturbed fiberoptic thermometry probes
      inserted into the catheters' housing antennas. No significant complications, such
      as bleeding or infection, were observed. This approach to cancer therapy is shown
      to be feasible and it produces controlled, localized hyperthermia, with
      temperatures of 50 degrees C or more in tumors. This technique may offer a
      therapeutic option for pelvic, intra-abdominal and head and neck tumors.

PMID- 4030436
TI  - Is NSD-TDF useful to radiotherapy?

PMID- 4030437
TI  - Intrinsic radiosensitivity of human cell lines is correlated with
      radioresponsiveness of human tumors: analysis of 101 published survival curves.
AB  - One hundred and one published survival curves for 92 human cell lines (including
      64 tumor lines) have been analyzed in terms of several parameters that are
      supposed to characterize cell radiosensitivity. Values for n, Do, alpha and beta
      (from the linear quadratic model), D (Mean Inactivation Dose), and survivals at 2
      Gy and 8 Gy have been obtained for each curve. It was found that: I. the initial
      part of the survival curve is specific to the corresponding cell line; II. this
      initial part is well characterized by the parameters alpha and D, the values of
      which can be used to compare intrinsic radiosensitivity among human cell lines;
      III. human tumor cell line radiosensitivity (expressed in terms of alpha, D and
      survival at 2 Gy) reflects the clinical radioresponsiveness of the tumors from
      which the cell lines are derived. Thus, cells from tumors with low
      radioresponsiveness (melanomas and glioblastomas) are the less radiosensitive.
      Furthermore, the range of survival at a dose of 2 Gy is broad enough to account,
      in large measure, for observed differences in clinical tumor radioresponsiveness.

PMID- 4030438
TI  - Growth hormone producing pituitary adenomas with concomitant hypersecretion of
      prolactin are particularly sensitive to photon irradiation.
AB  - The effect of photon irradiation (50 Gy with a 3-field technique in fractionated
      doses) on growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and somatomedin A (SMA) was
      studied in 25 patients with acromegaly after previous unsuccessful surgery. In
      patients with concomitant hypersecretion of PRL, the GH reduction was 70 +/- 22%
      1 year and 88 +/- 10% 3 years after radiotherapy. The corresponding reductions in
      patients with isolated GH hypersecretion were 42 +/- 25% and 60 +/- 22%. The
      reduction of GH levels was most notable the first year after radiotherapy in 16
      patients and during the second year in 7 patients. Serum PRL decreased after
      radiotherapy in all patients with hyperprolactinemia, whereas PRL in
      normoprolactinemic patients showed inconsistent changes, including PRL increments
      in 8/12 patients. The effect of radiotherapy on GH and PRL was not correlated to
      the irradiation target volume or the cumulative radiation effect. SMA levels
      decreased after radiotherapy, but became normal only in 3 patients, all with
      pretreatment GH less than 5 micrograms/l. Radiotherapy, 3 years after treatment,
      appeared to be equivalent to the primary surgical intervention in reducing GH and
      SMA in patients with acromegaly due to advanced macroadenomas. Patients with
      concomitant hyperprolactinemia showed increased sensitivity to radiation compared
      to normoprolactinemic patients with acromegaly.

PMID- 4030439
TI  - Response of mouse tumor to interferon inducer and radiation.
AB  - The antitumor effect of interferon inducer poly(ICLC), given prior to the
      radiation treatment of Lewis lung carcinoma in C57Bl mice was studied. To induce
      the tumors, the mice were injected subcutaneously into the hind leg with 3 X
      10(4) or 3 X 10(5) tumor cells. The combination treatment consisted of poly(ICLC)
      given at 1.25 mg/kg 6 hours before 400 cGy of 60Co gamma rays. All treatments
      were given three times over 1.5 weeks. The local response, as measured by the
      delay in the tumor growth, was significantly higher in the combination treatment
      group than in poly(ICLC) or local irradiation groups. Following the termination
      of treatment, tumor regrowth was observed. The survival of poly(ICLC) treated
      mice was influenced by the number of transplanted tumor cells. Thus, untreated
      mice which received 3 X 10(4) or 3 X 10(5) (2 or 20 TD50) of tumor cells had
      similar mean survival time of 25.4 +/- 1.9 and 22 +/- 84 days, respectively (p
      greater than 0.05). The mice, treated by a combination of poly(ICLC) and local
      irradiation survived 48.2 +/- 2.1 days and 30.7 +/- 1.2 days (p less than .01),
      with higher survival in 2 TD50 tumor cell groups. Thus, data obtained in this
      study in mice showed that administration of an interferon inducer poly(ICLC)
      prior to local irradiation can improve tumor response and survival.

PMID- 4030440
TI  - Routine quality control of Ir-192 sources: results of 46 months of surveillance.
AB  - Documented problems with loose and inert Ir-192 seeds in nylon ribbons prompted
      us to develop a quality control program. Several problem cases are illustrated. A
      sample of ribbons from each shipment is measured in a radioisotope dose
      calibrator. Results of the measurements over a 46-month period are presented.

PMID- 4030441
TI  - Comparative dosimetry between iridium wires and seed ribbons.
AB  - We have undertaken a computer study that explores the conditions under which seed
      ribbons may replace iridium 192 wires in the Paris System. Compared with
      continuous iridium 192 wires, seed ribbons demonstrate greater inhomogeneity and
      loss of flexibility, simplicity, and other advantages. Nonetheless, we have
      defined the conditions where seed ribbons may be used in the Paris System to give
      satisfactory dose distributions and acceptable levels of heterogeneity within any
      given implant volume. These conditions include seed length, spacing between
      seeds, number of seeds per ribbon, and geometric arrangement of ribbons.

PMID- 4030442
TI  - Management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and adenocarcinoma of the lower
      rectum.

PMID- 4030443
TI  - Lack of correlation between epidermal basal cell survival and probability of
      healing of skin reactions in swine.

PMID- 4030444
TI  - Low clonogenic fraction need not imply survival/healing correlation.

PMID- 4030445
TI  - Bronchoscopy guided simulation of a bronchial neoplasm.

PMID- 4030446
TI  - Acupuncture for fleabite allergic dermatitis.

PMID- 4030447
TI  - Statistics in veterinary research.

PMID- 4030448
TI  - Periosteal transection and stripping for treatment of angular limb deformities in
      foals: clinical observations.
AB  - Correction was attempted in 27 foals (41 limbs) with angular deformities at the
      carpal region (35 limbs), metatarsophalangeal region (5 limbs) and distal end of
      the tibia (1 limb) by hemicircumferential transection of the periosteum (HCTP)
      and periosteal stripping (PS). Successful outcome was determined by straight
      limbs and soundness, which was achieved in 81.5% of the cases, with 60% of the
      horses in performance training. Follow-up evaluation for all foals was completed
      at various times after physiologic closure of the physes. In none of the limbs
      was the deformity overcorrected. Owners of foals with carpal region deviations
      corrected by means of HCTP and PS were satisfied with the result. The cosmetic
      appearance of the surgical site was excellent. The HCTP and PS adequately
      corrected greater degrees of carpal region deformity and greater degrees of
      deformity in older foals than previously reported with this or other surgical
      techniques.

PMID- 4030449
TI  - Periosteal transection and stripping for treatment of angular limb deformities in
      foals: radiographic observations.
AB  - Radiographs of 23 foals (35 forelimbs) with carpal region angular limb
      deformities, which later were corrected by hemicircumferential transection of the
      periosteum and periosteal stripping, were evaluated as to geometric and
      morphologic abnormalities. Geometric evaluation included deviation angle and
      deviation pivot point. Morphologic abnormalities were categorized as: asymmetric
      width of the distal radial physis; asymmetric width of the distal radial
      epiphysis; carpal bone collapse or fracture; carpal bone hypoplasia; carpal bone
      displacement; and metacarpal bone displacement. Fifty-seven percent of limbs had
      radiographic lesions in the carpal joints and 20% had lesions in the metacarpus.
      Of all the limbs, 48% had carpal or metacarpal bone hypoplasia, 26% had carpal or
      metacarpal bone displacement, and 12% had carpal bone collapse or fragmentation.
      On long-term followup (5 months to 2 years), 83% of the foals were sound and had
      straight limbs, regardless of the deviation angle, deviation pivot point, or
      morphologic carpal bone changes. Sixty percent of the foals were in performance
      training. About 50% of these foals in performance training had carpal bone
      hypoplasia before correction of the deviation. It was concluded that geometric
      and morphologic radiographic interpretation should be performed before surgical
      correction of carpal angular limb deformities with hemicircumferential
      transection of the periosteum and periosteal stripping, but that epiphyseal,
      carpal bone, or metacarpal bone changes, severe deviation angle (20 to 29
      degrees) or distal location of the pivot point should not discourage attempted
      surgical correction.

PMID- 4030450
TI  - Giardiasis in a cattery.
AB  - Giardia sp infection was believed responsible for chronic, intermittent diarrhea
      in a group of 14 Persian cats. Seven of the cats were shedding Giardia sp cysts,
      and 6 of these cats had diarrhea at the time of fecal examination. Conversely,
      only 1 of 6 clinically normal cats in the group was shedding Giardia sp cysts.
      Cysts were not detected in feces of 2 cats with diarrhea. Cats less than or equal
      to 3 years old were more likely to be found shedding cysts. The parasite
      apparently was eradicated from the cattery by a combination of cage disinfection
      (1% sodium hypochlorite solution) and oral furazolidone treatment (4 mg/kg of
      body weight, BID for 5 consecutive days). During treatment, clinical signs
      resolved, and all cats remained clinically normal 2 months after treatment.

PMID- 4030451
TI  - Duodenal aspiration via flexible endoscope for diagnosis of giardiasis in a dog.
AB  - A 1-year-old male Pointer was admitted for evaluation of chronic diarrhea and
      mild weight loss. An aspirate of duodenal contents was obtained after infusing
      0.9% Na Cl through a flexible endoscope passed into the proximal portion of the
      duodenum. Examination of the aspirated duodenal contents revealed a Giardia
      trophozoite, and the dog improved with metronidazole therapy. Duodenal aspiration
      via a flexible endoscope offers a new diagnostic technique for giardiasis.

PMID- 4030452
TI  - Giardiasis in a horse.
AB  - Giardia infection was believed responsible for chronic diarrhea, weight loss,
      lethargy, inappetence, and dermatitis in a 4-year-old Thoroughbred horse. Fecal
      cysts were detected by the zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation method. All
      clinical signs resolved upon treatment with metronidazole suspension (5 mg/kg
      body weight per os, TID for 10 days).

PMID- 4030453
TI  - Arterial thrombosis as the cause of lameness in a foal.
AB  - A 3-day-old foal was examined because of forelimb lameness. Brachial artery
      occlusion was diagnosed. The foal was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed brachial
      artery thrombosis and an atrial septal defect.

PMID- 4030454
TI  - Metastasis of bile ductule carcinoma in a cow.
AB  - An 8-year-old Holstein cow was referred with a history of weight loss, poor milk
      production, and hyperfibrinoginemia. Laboratory evaluation showed high gamma
      glutamyltransferase activity, prolonged sulfobromophthalein clearance half-time,
      and prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times. Multiple firm nodules
      with histologic evidence of bile ductule carcinoma were found on exploratory
      laparotomy and liver biopsy. Pulmonary and lymph node tumor metastases were
      extensive. Tumor development in this case could not be associated with any of the
      known contributing factors in ruminants. This case demonstrates the extensive
      metastatic potential of this tumor and nonspecific signs with which bovine
      hepatic disease can be manifested.

PMID- 4030455
TI  - Arsenic toxicosis and suspected chromium toxicosis in a herd of cattle.
AB  - Arsenic toxicosis and suspected chromium toxicosis were diagnosed in a herd of
      cattle that ingested ashes from lumber treated with copper, chromium, and
      arsenic. Findings included peracute death, depression, ataxia, weakness,
      recumbency, and watery diarrhea. Chemical analyses of liver, kidney, abomasal
      contents, rumen contents, and ashes revealed high concentrations of arsenic and
      chromium. Histologically, specimens of abomasum and duodenum had diffuse mucosal
      degeneration and engorged capillaries. Epithelial cells of the proximal
      convoluted tubules and distal collecting tubules of the kidney were swollen and
      had mild granular cytoplasmic degeneration. Burning lumber treated with copper,
      chromium, and arsenic does not remove the heavy metals from them, and ingestion
      of the ashes from the wood constitutes a hazard to livestock health.

PMID- 4030457
TI  - A simple and efficient system for filing professional and personal reference
      material.

PMID- 4030456
TI  - Some subtleties in horse insurance.

PMID- 4030458
TI  - Circumcostal gastropexy for preventing recurrence of gastric dilatation-volvulus
      in the dog: an evaluation of 30 cases.
AB  - Follow-up evaluation (mean, 13.7 months) was obtained in 30 dogs with gastric
      dilatation-volvulus that were surgically treated with circumcostal gastropexy.
      Evaluation was performed by questionnaire (29 dogs), radiographic contrast
      studies (23 dogs), and necropsy (6 dogs). The gastropexy was thought to be intact
      in all 23 dogs examined radiographically. Necropsy of 6 dogs dying from causes
      unrelated to gastric dilatation-volvulus (mean of 12.7 months after surgery)
      revealed an intact gastropexy site in each dog. Only 1 (3.3%) dog had clinical
      recurrence of gastric dilatation after surgery. Five additional dogs dying
      postoperatively were necropsied and had intact gastropexy sites.

PMID- 4030459
TI  - Cecal perforation in the horse.
AB  - The case records of 23 horses with cecal perforation (CP) were reviewed. The
      horses averaged 4.5 years of age (6 weeks to 13 years) and included 9 intact
      males, 12 mares, and 2 geldings. Twelve of the horses were Standardbreds, 9 were
      Thoroughbreds, and 1 each, a Belgian and Morgan. The horses were allotted to 2
      groups: group I-13 hospitalized horses in which CP occurred unexpectedly, and
      group II-10 horses with CP at the time of admission. The horses
      characteristically had been sick or affected with disease unrelated to the cecum.
      Sixteen horses had been given nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before the
      onset of CP. Twelve of the 13 hospitalized patients (group I) had vague, scarcely
      recognizable clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease before CP. The clinical
      signs and clinical laboratory changes that appeared in affected horses were
      identifiable with severe endotoxin shock, secondary to peritoneal contamination
      with ingesta and bacteria. All horses died. At necropsy of the horses, the cecum
      was large and firm and was filled with ingesta, and the colon was empty; however,
      in 1 postpartum mare, the cecum and colon contained the usual amount of ingesta
      and were normal in size. In all horses, a single perforation was present, which
      appeared at various sites. The most common was a transverse perforation along the
      ventral aspect of the cecal body. Gross and microscopic examinations uncovered no
      existing disease near the perforation site or in other areas of the cecal wall or
      cecocolic orifice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030460
TI  - Anthelmintic efficacy of febantel combined with praziquantel in dogs.
AB  - Ninety-four dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (5 treated and 1
      untreated control) for evaluation of anthelmintic efficacy. Three anthelmintic
      formulations were studied: a febantel paste, a praziquantel paste, and a
      combination paste containing both active ingredients. Treated dogs were dosed
      once daily for 3 days. The minimal effective dosages in combination were
      established as 10 mg of febantel and 1 mg of praziquantel/kg of body weight. At
      those dosages for the combination, 99.5% to 100% of the major nematodes and
      cestodes identified (ie, Ancylostoma caninum, Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis,
      Dipylidium caninum, and Taenia pisiformis) were eliminated. Febantel paste (10
      mg/kg) alone was ineffective against cestodes (14.2% elimination of Dipylidium
      caninum) and praziquantel paste (1 mg/kg) alone was ineffective (0% to 2.4%
      elimination) against nematodes.

PMID- 4030461
TI  - Salmonella shed by horses with colic.
AB  - Salmonella was isolated from 13 of 100 colicky horses admitted to a referral
      hospital. Seven horses were shedding the microorganism at or soon after hospital
      admission. A unique serotype was introduced into the hospital by a horse not
      shedding Salmonella at admission. It was concluded that 8 horses were infected
      before admission. Whether the remaining 5 horses were infected before or after
      admission could not be determined. Salmonella senftenberg was the most commonly
      isolated serotype from colicky horses and from horses with salmonellosis that
      were not colicky on hospital admission during the survey period. This organism
      was rarely isolated at the hospital before initiation of this survey.

PMID- 4030462
TI  - Acute hemodynamic effects of hydralazine in dogs with chronic mitral
      regurgitation.
AB  - The hemodynamic response to hydralazine administration was evaluated in 6
      conscious small dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation. All dogs underwent
      invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring before and after hydralazine
      administration. Cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were
      measured with a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter. Systemic arterial blood
      pressure (AP) was measured directly by inserting a needle into the femoral
      artery. Standard M-mode echocardiograms and thoracic radiographs were obtained.
      Other hemodynamic variables were calculated. Base-line hemodynamic variables were
      altered severely in all dogs. Hydralazine decreased mean arterial blood pressure
      from 104 +/- 18 (mean +/- SD) to 78 +/- 12 mm of Hg (P less than 0.005), total
      systemic resistance index from 2,946 +/- 625 to 1,261 +/- 420 dynes-s-cm-5m2 (P
      less than 0.005), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 40 +/- 5 to 26 +/-
      3 mm of Hg, (P less than 0.005). Cardiac index increased from 2.92 +/- 0.72 to
      5.36 +/- 1.67 L/min/m2 of body surface area (P less than 0.005). Mixed venous
      oxygen tension (PvO2) increased from 28.4 +/- 4.3 to 41.2 +/- 5.2 mm of Hg (P
      less than 0.001). Pulmonary edema resolved, as determined on thoracic
      radiographs. Mixed venous oxygen tension correlated well with the cardiac index
      (r = 0.92; P less than 0.001). It was concluded that hydralazine administration
      caused a small decrease in end diastolic diameter (4.8 +/- 0.9 to 4.5 +/- 0.8 cm,
      P less than 0.05) and end systolic diameter (2.6 +/- 0.8 to 2.3 +/- 0.7 cm, P
      less than 0.05). Fractional shortening and heart rate did not change.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030463
TI  - Type I biplanar configuration of external skeletal fixation: application
      technique in nine dogs and one cat.
AB  - Mechanical attributes and techniques of applying the type I biplanar
      (quadrilateral) configuration of external skeletal fixation are reported. The
      apparatus was used clinically on 9 dogs and 1 cat with long bone fractures. Bony
      union occurred in these animals, but was slightly delayed in one. Return to
      clinical function of the limb generally was good to excellent. The instances of
      delayed union and poor clinical results are discussed to emphasize the use of
      good techniques of application and case selection.

PMID- 4030464
TI  - Upper respiratory tract obstruction caused by a pharyngeal abscess in a filly.
AB  - A 3-year-old Thoroughbred filly had a pharyngeal abscess causing obstruction of
      the upper respiratory tract. Diagnosis was made by a combination of endoscopy,
      biopsy, cytology, and radiography. Treatment with antimicrobials and analgesics
      resulted in successful resolution of the abscess.

PMID- 4030466
TI  - Nonsurgical removal of a catheter embolus from the heart of a dog.
AB  - A fragment of an 18-gauge catheter was inadvertently severed during
      catheterization of the cephalic vein in a 7-year-old Golden Retriever. Under
      fluoroscopic guidance, the fragment was retrieved successfully from the right
      ventricle, using a self-constructed, loop-snare catheter.

PMID- 4030465
TI  - Pleural effusion secondary to metastasis of an ovarian adenocarcinoma in a horse.
AB  - An 11-year-old Quarter Horse mare was presented with ventral edema and pleural
      effusion, secondary to a disseminated ovarian adenocarcinoma. Bilateral
      thoracocentesis yielded 30 L of thin, blood-tinged fluid, which was a modified
      transudate. Cytologic examination of the fluid revealed large atypical cells,
      suggestive of carcinomatous neoplasia. Similar cells were found in the peritoneal
      fluid. The mare was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed a 35-cm diameter mass in the
      cranial mediastinum, ventral to the trachea. The left ovary was 25 cm in diameter
      and most of the parenchyma was replaced by red or brown friable tissue,
      containing numerous 1-to 3-mm cysts. Papillary adenocarcinoma of the ovary was
      diagnosed, based on the appearance and arrangement of tumor cells in the ovary,
      sublumbar and tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and mediastinal mass. Ovarian
      neoplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion
      in the horse.

PMID- 4030467
TI  - Non-dexamethasone-suppressible, pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in a
      dog.
AB  - A 5-year-old female dog with hyperadrenocorticism was determined to have
      pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism even though plasma cortisol
      concentrations were not suppressed after high-dosage dexamethasone
      administration. The diagnosis was based on a supranormal response of plasma
      cortisol to ACTH administration and a lack of suppression of plasma cortisol
      concentration after administration of 0.1 mg of dexamethasone/kg. Although a
      higher dosage of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) did not cause suppression of plasma
      cortisol, plasma ACTH concentrations in the dog were increased above those in
      clinically normal dogs, supporting a diagnosis of pituitary-dependent
      hyperadrenocorticism. During treatment with mitotane, the dog became unconscious
      and died. Necropsy revealed a pituitary tumor that had compressed and displaced
      the hypothalamus. Although high-dosage dexamethasone suppression tests often are
      useful in the differential diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, a lack of
      suppression of plasma cortisol does not necessarily exclude pituitary-dependent
      hyperadrenocorticism.

PMID- 4030468
TI  - 122d annual meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Las Vegas,
      Nevada, July 21-25, 1985. Abstracts of scientific papers and poster
      presentations.

PMID- 4030469
TI  - Synopsis of US veterinary medical manpower study: demand and supply from 1980 to
      2000.

PMID- 4030470
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and antimicrobial drug dosage.

PMID- 4030471
TI  - Fibular head transposition for repair of cruciate-deficient stifle in the dog.
AB  - Fibular head transposition (FHT) was introduced as a surgical technique to
      reconstruct the cruciate-deficient stifle in the dog. Surgically moving the
      fibular head into a cranial position alters the orientation of the lateral
      collateral ligament, thereby preventing cranial drawer motion and minimizing
      internal rotation of the tibia. The technique was found to be safe, mechanically
      sound, and clinically effective. Comparison of clinical results for this
      technique with those for the fascial strip technique (using a uniform grading
      system) demonstrated an overall superior performance of FHT. Factors found to
      adversely influence clinical results were heavy body weight and meniscal damage.
      The interval between stifle injury and reconstructive surgery or the presence of
      associated osteoarthritic disease bore no relationship to clinical outcome. It
      was concluded that the clinical performance after FHT was equal or superior to
      other surgical methods for reconstructing the cruciate-deficient stifle in the
      dog.

PMID- 4030472
TI  - Urinary tract infection due to indwelling bladder catheters in dogs and cats.
AB  - Urine samples were collected from 27 dogs and 4 cats with indwelling urinary
      catheters connected to a closed system. Twenty-one animals had sterile urine at
      the initiation of catheterization. Eleven of these 21 animals developed positive
      urine culture after 4 (mean) days (range 1 to 10 days) of catheterization.
      Infections persisted after catheter removal in 6 of 8 animals. The 10 animals
      that did not develop bacteriuria had a shorter duration of catheterization (3
      days vs 12 days, mean). Antibiotics (chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfonamide,
      cephradine, lincomycin, gentamicin, or ampicillin) were used during the period of
      catheterization in 17 of 21 animals, 8 of which developed bacteriuria and 9 of
      which did not. Ten animals had bacteriuria at the initiation of urine collection
      for culture. The type of bacteria changed during the catheterization period in 6
      animals, all of which were given antibiotics. Bacteria isolated from animals
      given antibiotics seemed to become increasingly antibiotic-resistant.

PMID- 4030473
TI  - Resistance of cerclage to knot failure.
AB  - The comparative ability of loop-knotted and twist-knotted cerclage to withstand
      tensile forces was tested. Two twist-knot devices and one loop-knot device were
      used to apply cerclage wires to a 5-cm diameter split circular jaw mounted on a
      tensile testing machine. Twist-knot devices were tested with 0.8-, 1.0-, or 1.2
      mm wire, and the loop-knot device was tested with 0.8-, 1.0-, or 1.25-mm wire.
      For all wire sizes, the twisted knot provided greater resistance to knot failure
      than did the loop-knot. Of the 2 twist-knot devices, the Rhinelander wire
      tightener-twister produced the greatest resistance to knot failure. Knot
      resistance increased with increase in wire size for all devices tested.

PMID- 4030474
TI  - Electrodiagnostic evaluation of deafness in two English setter littermates.
AB  - Two English Setter littermates (male and female) were evaluated for hearing
      difficulties at 4, 16, and 24 months of age. Auditory function was evaluated by
      behavioral response to pure-tone sounds, tympanometry, brain stem auditory evoked
      response, and acoustic reflex testing. Hereditary sensorineural deafness was
      diagnosed in both dogs. The extent of the hearing deficit, as characterized by
      these tests, was slightly different between the dogs, as well as between the ears
      in 1 dog.

PMID- 4030475
TI  - Efficacy of ipronidazole against trichomoniasis in beef bulls.
AB  - Preputial smegma samples from 195 beef bulls were collected repeatedly and
      cultured for Tritrichomonas foetus. Seventy-five (38.5%) of these bulls were
      positive for trichomonads on at least 1 culture. Sensitivity of the culture
      procedure (number of positive cultures/number of total cultures from known
      positive bulls) was 81.6%. Storage of preputial smegma in lactated Ringer's
      solution at 5 C for 24 hours resulted in a 14% loss of sensitivity. Seventy-three
      of the 75 infected bulls were available for treatment and were alloted randomly
      to 2 groups. Bulls in both groups were treated with procaine penicillin (7,000
      IU/kg, IM) for 2 days before ipronidazole treatment. Thirty grams of ipronidazole
      powder was dissolved in 60 ml of sterile water, and was given IM to group 1
      bulls. Group 2 bulls were given a similar 30-g ipronidazole solution IM on day 1,
      and were given 15 g of ipronidazole dissolved in 30 ml of sterile water on days 2
      and 3. Efficacy of treatment (ie, negative cultures of preputial smegma for
      trichomonads for 6 consecutive weeks after treatment) was 92.8% for the 42 bulls
      treated once and 100% for the 31 bulls treated 3 times.

PMID- 4030476
TI  - Uveitis associated with poliosis and vitiligo in six dogs.
AB  - Idiopathic panuveitis with retinal detachment was associated with facial
      poliosis, vitiligo, and alopecia in 6 dogs; 4 were adult males. Dermatohistologic
      examination of affected facial sites from all dogs revealed a lichenoid
      dermatitis and unusual histiocytic cells. Intensive topical and systemic
      corticosteroid and topical mydriatic/cycloplegic therapy was successful in
      controlling uveitis in all dogs for variable periods. Three dogs, monitored for
      12, 30, and 46 months, retained useful vision despite infrequent recurrence of
      uveitis. One dog was lost for subsequent examination. Two dogs were euthanatized
      and necropsied. Ocular histologic examination of these dogs revealed extensive
      granulomatous iridocyclitis and choroiditis, with retinal detachment and
      lenticular degeneration.

PMID- 4030477
TI  - Myotonia in a chow chow.
AB  - Congenital myotonia was diagnosed in an inbred Chow Chow pup with severe muscle
      stiffness that regressed with exercise. Voluntary movement, percussion, or needle
      insertion caused sustained contraction of the muscles involved. Electromyographic
      recordings from several muscles contained myotonic discharges. Creatine kinase
      activity was mildly increased. Slight myofiber hypertrophy and a few atrophic
      fibers were seen in muscle biopsy specimens. Treatment of the pup with
      procainamide caused a marked decrease in clinical signs. Myotonia congenita in
      the Chow Chow appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. This
      condition can be diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs. Satisfactory clinical
      management of myotonia congenita can be achieved with procainamide.

PMID- 4030478
TI  - Amikacin therapy for Pseudomonas cellulitis in an Amazon parrot.
AB  - Amikacin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was used successfully to treat a
      case of severe Pseudomonas cellulitus in an Amazon parrot. Side effects of
      polyuria and polydipsia occurred, but resolved without treatment 3 weeks after
      the antibiotic regimen. Amikacin sulfate was given at a dosage of 0.04 mg/g of
      body weight, IM, twice a day, based on antimicrobial sensitivity results.
      Amikacin sulfate is indicated for P aeruginosa cellulitis that is resistant to
      gentamicin sulfate. Although it is potentially nephrotoxic, it can be used
      successfully in birds without permanent clinically evident renal effects.

PMID- 4030479
TI  - Tracheal collapse in two cats.
AB  - Two cats examined bronchoscopically to discover the cause of tracheal collapse
      were found to have tracheal obstruction cranial to the collapse. Cats with this
      unusual sign should be examined bronchoscopically to ascertain whether there is
      an obstruction, as the cause in these 2 cats was distinct from the diffuse airway
      abnormality that causes tracheal collapse in dogs.

PMID- 4030480
TI  - An analysis of semiflexible, closed-loop anterior chamber intraocular lenses.
AB  - We present the pathologic and scanning electron microscopic findings from 44
      semiflexible, all polymethylmethacrylate, anterior chamber intraocular lenses
      (IOLs). These IOLs, which have round, small diameter, closed loops were removed
      following a variety of complications, including uveitis and/or the uveitis
      glaucoma-hyphema syndrome, secondary glaucoma, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy,
      cystoid macular edema, erosion into uveal tissue (with and without oval pupil),
      and iris neovascularization. Over 200,000 of these lens styles have been
      implanted. Even though the number of these IOLs accessioned in our laboratory is
      small, we feel this analysis documents some of the problems that may be
      encountered with this IOL design. Many of the complications documented in our
      series resulted in severe visual loss. In addition to tissue damage that appeared
      secondary to the mechanical tissue-to-implant interface, other causes of
      complications included variations in surgical technique, implantation into eyes
      with preexisting disease (including eyes that had undergone previous surgery),
      and damage to tissue that occurred during IOL removal.

PMID- 4030481
TI  - Determining intraocular lens power within the eye.
AB  - A method is described for determining the power of an intraocular lens (IOL)
      within the eye by measuring the horizontal dimension of the corneal reflected
      image (Purkinje-Sanson I) and the anterior IOL reflected image (Purkinje-Sanson
      III) as seen through a standard slitlamp with a target positioned 68 mm anterior
      to the focal plane of the biomicroscope. The horizontal K-reading (at 180
      degrees) and the anterior chamber depth are the two other parameters necessary to
      calculate the exact power of the IOL. Seven tables that use these four
      measurements have been provided, eliminating the need for complex calculations.
      To determine the accuracy of this technique, ten implanted IOLs ranging from 9
      diopters (D) to 27 D were chosen and their powers calculated; these calculated
      values were then compared to the actual IOL powers. The largest error was 0.5 D
      and the average error was 0.17 D.

PMID- 4030482
TI  - Alterations in the blood-aqueous barrier of the rabbit eye after neodymium: YAG
      photodisruption.
AB  - We studied the effects of the Nd:YAG laser on the blood-aqueous barrier following
      photodisruption of the anterior capsule, posterior capsule, and mid-vitreous of
      the albino rabbit eye with fluorophotometric techniques using albumin-bound
      fluorescein. After photo-disruption of the anterior capsule, fluorescence
      appeared in the anterior chamber at 30 minutes, peaked at two hours, and
      decreased almost to baseline values by 24 hours. No fluorescence was noted at any
      time in contralateral control eyes or in eyes receiving photo-disruption of the
      posterior capsule or mid-vitreous.

PMID- 4030483
TI  - Efficacy of laser interferometry in predicting visual result of YAG laser
      posterior capsulotomy.
AB  - One hundred fifteen patients with cloudy posterior capsules that required
      capsulotomies were evaluated by laser interferometry. The predicted acuity was
      within one line of postoperative acuity in 44 patients (38.3%) and within two
      lines in 73 patients (63.5%). The correlation coefficient between the predicted
      and actual post-capsulotomy acuities was 0.38. However, the predicted retinal
      visual acuity was compared to postoperative Snellen visual acuity and found to
      differ by an average of three lines. A large number of false negative results
      reduced the clinical usefulness of the test.

PMID- 4030484
TI  - Neodymium: YAG laser for anterior capsulotomy.
AB  - A technique using the Meditec OPL-3 YAG laser for anterior capsulotomy just prior
      to planned extracapsular cataract surgery is presented. A review of 1,108 cases
      showed this technique to have a low complication rate. Compared to conventional
      anterior capsulotomies, it is the author's opinion that this method gives
      increased operative control, shortens time in the operating room, and is a help
      with in-the-bag intraocular lens placement.

PMID- 4030485
TI  - Intraocular lens implant exchanges.
AB  - We reviewed 23 consecutive cases of intraocular lens implant exchange. Lens
      dislocation (26%) and chronic intraocular inflammation (26%) were the most
      frequent indications for lens exchange. Post-exchange vision was best in those
      eyes treated for inappropriate implant power (100% less than or equal to 20/40),
      intermediate in dislocation cases (83% less than or equal to 20/40), and poorest
      in eyes with chronic intraocular inflammation (50% less than or equal to 20/40),
      even though the inflammation usually improved. Eighty-three percent of the total
      cases remained within one line of the pre-exchange visual acuity.

PMID- 4030486
TI  - Factors affecting pseudophakic cystoid mascular edema: five randomized trials.
AB  - We summarize the findings of five randomized prospective, controlled studies that
      evaluated the following factors associated with the development of cystoid
      macular edema (CME) following cataract surgery: ultraviolet (UV) light from the
      operating microscope; postoperative UV light exposure; primary capsulotomy;
      retrobulbar hyaluronidase; and prostaglandin synthesis in the eye. The following
      were the major findings: (1) The presence of a UV-light filter on the operating
      microscope during cataract surgery made no statistically significant difference
      in the early postoperative (two to six months) angiographic incidence of CME or
      the visual outcome. (2) A UV-filtering posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL)
      resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the early postoperative
      incidence of angiographic CME in postcataract-surgery patients but did not affect
      visual acuity. (3) Patients receiving primary capsulotomy during extracapsular
      cataract surgery showed a statistically significant higher incidence of early
      postoperative angiographic CME than did patients with an intact posterior
      capsule. Again there was no difference in visual acuity. (4) The addition of
      hyaluronidase to the retrobulbar anesthetic injection made no significant
      difference in the CME rate or postoperative visual results of patients undergoing
      extracapsular cataract surgery. (5) Patients undergoing IOL implant surgery who
      received topical indomethacin before surgery and for nine months postoperatively
      to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in the eye showed a statistically significant
      lower incidence of early postoperative angiographic CME than did placebo-treated
      patients, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in
      postoperative visual acuity.

PMID- 4030487
TI  - Ultraviolet-absorbing intraocular lenses.

PMID- 4030488
TI  - Postimplantation bleeding after aspirin ingestion.

PMID- 4030489
TI  - Recent trends in anterior chamber implant technology.

PMID- 4030490
TI  - Use of pilocarpine intraocularly.

PMID- 4030491
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of an irrigation/aspiration tip following a
      posterior capsular rupture.
AB  - The first use of a new irrigation/aspiration tip resulted in a posterior capsular
      rupture. Scanning electron microscopy of the tip revealed burrs on the aspiration
      portion of the tip, as well as poor finishing around the irrigation ports.

PMID- 4030492
TI  - Photo demonstration of quality of vision with intact posterior capsule.
AB  - The patient presented in this paper had a clinically clear but optically
      disturbing posterior capsule. The patient was able to visualize transparent
      refractive anomalies in the posterior capsule and the fine structure of a
      cataractous lens.

PMID- 4030493
TI  - New techniques of viscosurgery with phacoemulsification.
AB  - Sodium hyaluronate is a valuable aid for phacoemulsification and intraocular lens
      insertion. Procedures such as anterior capsulotomy, polishing the capsule, lens
      adjustment, incision closure, and conversion to planned extracapsular cataract
      extraction are facilitated when sodium hyaluronate is used. A new method of
      removing it from the eye is presented.

PMID- 4030494
TI  - Cortex removal system for manual extracapsular cataract extraction.
AB  - An irrigation/aspiration (I/A) system for cortex removal has been developed. It
      consists of an I/A cannula, connecting silicone tube, a handle with an aspiration
      cut-off device for the silicone tube, and an aspirating device. The aspirating
      pressure is produced by a fixed syringe, the cylinder of which is pulled by a
      weight. In addition, the aspirating system can be equipped with a small battery
      operated pump. The aspiration cut-off device located in the handle enables
      aspiration with one hand so the other hand is free for another instrument.
      Flushing back, if necessary, is possible.

PMID- 4030495
TI  - Symposium: Concepts of the self--the self or the Self?

PMID- 4030496
TI  - Intracellular pathways of endocytosed tracers in Leydig cells of the rat.
AB  - The endocytic activity of Leydig cells was examined by electron microscopy
      following the injection, into the interstitial space, of tracers used to examine
      fluid-phase endocytosis, ie, native ferritin and horseradish peroxidase-colloidal
      gold (horseradish peroxidase-gold), and adsorptive endocytosis, ie, cationic
      ferritin. At 5 minutes after injection, native ferritin or horseradish peroxidase
      gold was present in the interstitial space and free in the lumen of large
      endocytic vesicles forming at the cell surface. At 15 minutes, these tracers
      appeared in the matrix of pale multivesicular bodies, while at 30 minutes and 1
      hour, the matrix of dense multivesicular bodies became labeled. Beginning at 1
      hour, dense membrane-delimited bodies identified cytochemically as lysosomes were
      labeled. In the case of cationic ferritin, two distinct pathways were taken. In
      one pathway, cationic ferritin was observed 5 minutes after injection bound to
      the plasma membrane of Leydig cells and to the membrane of small and large
      endocytic vesicles. At subsequent time intervals, cationic ferritin appeared
      consecutively in pale, dense multivesicular bodies and lysosomes. In a second
      pathway, cationic ferritin was observed at 5, 15, and 30 minutes bound to the
      membrane of vesicles of intermediate size seen near the cell surface. At 1, 1 1/2
      and 2 hours, cationic ferritin-containing intermediate vesicles appeared in
      increasing number in the Golgi region. However, cationic ferritin was never
      observed in the Golgi saccules themselves. At later time intervals (3-6 hours),
      intermediate vesicles labeled with cationic ferritin progressively disappeared
      from the Golgi region and the cell. Thus in Leydig cells, while fluid-phase
      tracers reached lysosomes exclusively, cationic ferritin, a tracer of adsorptive
      endocytosis, not only reached the lysosomes, but was also carried by the
      intermediate vesicles to the Golgi region of the cell.

PMID- 4030497
TI  - The origin of some acid hydrolases of the fluid of the rat cauda epididymidis.
AB  - The activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, 60.1 units/mg protein) and
      of acid phosphatase (57.7 units/mg protein) in fluid from the cauda epididymidis
      formed without any contribution from the testis (fluid obtained from a perfused
      and isolated cauda epididymidis or from an epididymis whose corresponding
      efferent ducts had been ligated for 40 days) was significantly higher than the
      activity of these enzymes in normal fluid (39.6 and 41.2 units/mg protein,
      respectively). Arylsulphatase activity of the locally formed fluid (11.2 units/mg
      protein) was lower than that of normal fluid (74.1 units/mg protein). The rete
      testis fluid was relatively rich in arylsulphatase since the ratio of
      arylsulphatase to acid phosphatase activity was 17 times higher in this fluid
      than in locally formed fluid. It is concluded that the activities of NAG and acid
      phosphatase in normal fluid from the epididymis originate in the epididymal
      tissue, while most of the arylsulphatase activity comes from the testis.

PMID- 4030498
TI  - New antitumor antibiotics, FR-900405 and FR-900406. I. Taxonomy of the producing
      strain.
AB  - An actinomycete which was isolated from a soil sample produces new antitumor
      substances. The morphological and cultural characteristics of the strain resemble
      those of the genera Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943 and Actinomadura
      Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1970. Cell wall composition analysis showed that
      strain No. 6049 contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in its cell wall, and
      madurose in whole-cell sugars. No sporangia, zoospores or fragmentations of
      vegetative mycelium are observed. From these results, strain No. 6049 is
      designated as Actinomadura pulveracea sp. nov.

PMID- 4030500
TI  - Mycinamicins, new macrolide antibiotics. IX. Chemical ionization mass spectral
      studies on mycinamicins.
AB  - Chemical ionization (CI) mass spectra of new macrolide antibiotics, mycinamicins
      are reported. Protonated molecules (MH+) are observed as base peaks in the CI
      mass spectra of all components. Fragmentations are mainly restricted to the
      glycosidic linkages and the resulting aglycone and sugar-derived ions appear
      regularly in their mass spectra. Moreover, characteristic fragment ions involving
      carbon-carbon bond fission are found in the CI mass spectra of the epoxyenone
      containing components, mycinamicins I (1) and II (2). The mechanism for the
      formation of the ion species is also discussed.

PMID- 4030499
TI  - New antitumor antibiotics, FR-900405 and FR-900406. II. Production, isolation,
      characterization and antitumor activity.
AB  - The new antitumor antibiotics, FR-900405 and FR-900406, were isolated from the
      culture broth of Actinomadura pulveracea sp. nov. No. 6049. These compounds which
      contain sulfur in the molecule, represent a novel class of antitumor agents. FR
      900405 and FR-900406 are highly active in mice against experimental tumors and
      exhibit antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
      and fungi.

PMID- 4030501
TI  - Inclusion compounds of lankacidin-group antibiotics with cyclodextrins.
AB  - Lankacidin-group antibiotics formed inclusion compounds with beta-cyclodextrin in
      molar ratios of about 1:1. These compounds showed remarkably improved water
      solubility and stability in aqueous solutions. The structure of the inclusion
      compounds of lankacidin A is proposed based on the facility of their inclusion
      with beta-cyclodextrin and the results of 1H NMR spectral studies.

PMID- 4030502
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor activity of spergualin analogues. I. Chemical
      modification of 7-guanidino-3-hydroxyacyl moiety.
AB  - Many analogues and derivatives of an antitumor antibiotic, spergualin, were
      synthesized, and the relationships between the structure and the activity against
      mouse L-1210 tumor were studied. Both modification of the 15-hydroxyl group and
      alteration of chain-length of the omega-guanidinoacyl moiety affected the
      activity. 15-Deoxyspergualin (18, 1-amino-19-guanidino-11-hydroxy-4,9,12
      triazanonadecane-10,13-d ion e) and its analogue 25 (1-amino-21-guanidino-11
      hydroxy-4,9,12-triazauneicosane-10,13-dio ne) had strong activity, superior to
      that of spergualin.

PMID- 4030503
TI  - Cytotoxicity of spergualin and amine oxidase activity in medium.
AB  - The cytotoxicity of spergualin on cultured L5178Y cells is dependent on the kind
      of serum contained in culture media. Spergualin has stronger cytotoxicity to
      L5178Y cells in calf serum (IC50 = 2 micrograms/ml) than in horse serum (IC50 =
      60 micrograms/ml). This was thought to be caused by amine oxidase in sera.
      Because calf serum was rich in amine oxidase and horse serum was very poor.
      Spergualin was found to be oxidized by either calf serum or amine oxidase
      purified from beef plasma. Aminoguanidine, an amine oxidase inhibitor suppressed
      the spergualin effect to inhibit the growth of L5178Y cells in calf serum to the
      level in horse serum. On the other hand, in horse serum the spergualin
      cytotoxicity was enhanced by addition of amine oxidase. These results suggested
      to us that spergualin might be inactive in itself and that the amine oxidase
      oxidized product might play an essential role in inhibiting the growth of cells.

PMID- 4030504
TI  - Specific inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by koningic acid
      (heptelidic acid).
AB  - A sesquiterpene named koningic acid has been isolated from a strain of
      Trichoderma koningii as a potent inhibitor of ATP generation in the glycolytic
      pathway. From experiments with both cultured mouse carcinoma FM3A cells and
      isolated enzymes, it was shown that koningic acid is a specific inhibitor of
      glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the conversion of
      glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate.

PMID- 4030505
TI  - A new ansamycin antibiotic, naphthomycin H from a Streptomyces species Y
      83,40369.

PMID- 4030506
TI  - New antitumor antibiotic, FR-900405. III. Mechanism of action of FR-900405.

PMID- 4030507
TI  - Mechanics of the basilar membrane in Caiman crocodilus.
AB  - Vibration measurements were made at a number of positions near the proximal
      (basal) end of the basilar membrane, and on the columella footplate, of Caiman
      crocodilus using a capacitive probe. The measurements established the existence
      of a mechanical travelling wave in this species. They showed no significant
      change of mechanical tuning with temperature, and were highly significantly
      different from previous reports of neural temperature sensitivity (Smolders, J.
      and Klinke, R. (1984): J. Comp. Physiol. 155, 19-30). Thus the neural sensitivity
      to temperature change appears not to depend upon basilar membrane mechanics. One
      interpretation of this is that the basilar membrane passively precedes an active
      temperature-sensitive filter. It was also found that the limbus supporting the
      basilar membrane had a measurable, but unturned, vibration and that the effect of
      draining scala tympani for the measurements was to increase the basilar membrane
      tuning frequency by a factor of about 1.5.

PMID- 4030508
TI  - Three-dimensional features of the striated organelle in the vestibular hair cell.
AB  - The striated organelle, the Friedmann's body, of the vestibular hair cells in
      normal guinea pigs were examined using a freeze-fracture-etch technique. The
      striated organelles were composed of periodic parallel loose spirals of two fine
      fibrils, the thick strands. This main distance was divided by thin strands, and
      many fine fibrils cross-linked the thick strands to the central thin strands.
      Stereo-micrography showed that the thin strands were positioned on a different
      plane from that of the thick strands and that the thin strands were cross-linked
      with thick strands by fine fibrils in a radiating pattern, giving them a columnar
      appearance.

PMID- 4030509
TI  - The spiral ganglion and cochlear nuclei of deafness mice.
AB  - Deafness mice (dn/dn) never develop hearing, but, except for the associated
      physical defects, have no other known abnormalities. For this study, cochleas and
      brains of five adult homozygotes (dn/dn) and five adult heterozygotes (+/dn),
      matched by weight and sex, were prepared for serial section light microscopy. In
      the homozygotes, the organ of Corti was totally degenerated basally, gradually
      improving toward the apex where supporting cells, border cells and pillar cells
      were present; however, the stria vascularis was dystrophic in the apex. The
      saccular macula was atrophied or dystrophic in seven of the ten homozygote ears.
      The homozygotes had only 23% of the number of spiral ganglion cells found in the
      heterozygotes, but they appeared robust. In six of the ears of each group there
      was clumping of apical spiral ganglion neurons. In the homozygotes, the volume of
      Rosenthal's canal was 121%, that of the dorsal nuclei was 90%, and that of the
      ventral cochlear nuclei was 63% of the comparable volumes in heterozygotes. The
      globular cells of the homozygote ventral cochlear nucleus were 72% of the size of
      those of heterozygotes. These quantitative morphological abnormalities of the
      homozygote spiral ganglion and cochlear nuclei may result from organ of Corti
      atrophy.

PMID- 4030510
TI  - Development of the embryonic chick's tectorial membrane.
AB  - The nascent tectorial membrane (TM) is identifiable as early as stage 33 (7th
      day) as thin, wispy material. By stage 37 (11th day), the dense mesh of the
      immature TM and fibrous webs (subtectorial threads) that attach the TM to the
      basilar papilla are distinct but scanty. The TM condenses slightly in its upper
      face. The growth of the columnar cells and basilar papilla during the following
      days pulls the TM, lifting it upward, and resembling the cables on a suspension
      bridge in cross-section. As a result, a large hollow wedge forms. During stages
      40-44 (14th-18th days), the columnar cells secrete large amounts of fibrous
      material, which fills the hollow wedge and condenses into the dense meshes. The
      honeycombed patterns appear at this time. The supporting cells secrete the
      fibrous webs. Their secretory activity closely corresponds to that of the
      columnar cells. The secretory material from both cell types remains attached to
      the apical ends of their respective cells after secretory activity ends. By
      hatching (stage 46-21 days), the columnar cells have filled with fibrous material
      and their cytoplasmic organelles are restricted to the apices. The cytoplasm of
      supporting cells is relatively clear, with few cytoplasmic remnants of their
      intense secretory activity earlier.

PMID- 4030511
TI  - Neurons in the cat's primary auditory cortex distinguished by their responses to
      tones and wide-spectrum noise.
AB  - In the cortex of barbiturate-anesthetized cats, area AI was identified by its
      tonotopic organization, and single neurons in that field were examined with
      regard to the shapes of their spike count-versus-intensity functions, the
      organization of their frequency-intensity response areas, and their responses to
      wide-spectrum noise, using calibrated sealed stimulating systems. Neurons whose
      pure tone rate intensity functions were monotonic in shape displayed V-shaped
      response areas that were open-ended at high tone intensities. In contrast, cells
      displaying nonmonotonic tone intensity functions tended to have circumscribed
      response areas; these cells were responsive to tones over limited ranges of both
      frequency and intensity. Monotonic neurons almost always responded to wide
      spectrum noise stimuli, while nonmonotonic neurons often did not. The mean
      minimum latent period of monotonic cells (14.0 ms) was significantly shorter than
      that for nonmonotonic neurons (19.1 ms). For those cells that responded to both
      tones and noise, minimum latent periods for the two stimuli were similar or
      identical. Monotonic neurons tended to be horizontally segregated from
      nonmonotonic neurons across AI's middle cortical layers. The implications of
      these data for the nature of some neural mechanisms underlying the stimulus
      selectivity of cortical cells are discussed.

PMID- 4030512
TI  - Some neural mechanisms in the cat's auditory cortex underlying sensitivity to
      combined tone and wide-spectrum noise stimuli.
AB  - In the auditory cortex of nitrous oxide-anesthetized, muscle-relaxed cats, single
      neurons were studied for their responsiveness to pure tones that were mixed
      acoustically with simultaneously gated wide-spectrum noise bursts presented using
      a calibrated sealed stimulating system. The intensities of both the tone and the
      noise were systematically varied, with a view to ascertaining the sensitivity of
      cortical cells to a characteristic frequency tone delivered in the presence of a
      noise mask. Neurons for which wide-spectrum noise provided a net excitatory
      influence typically displayed a 'strong-signal capture' effect; that is, the
      cell's responses were dominated by whichever of the two elements of the combined
      stimulus was the more effective when tested separately. These cells generally had
      monotonic tone rate intensity functions. Most of the cells that were suppressed
      by the noise displayed nonmonotonic pure tone rate intensity functions. When
      nonmonotonic cells were studied with the combined stimulus, the noise was found
      to produce an intensity-dependent suppression of their tone-evoked responses that
      could not be overcome by elevating the tone intensity. In contrast, for the
      minority of monotonic neurons whose tone-evoked responses were suppressed by
      noise, that suppression could be overcome by raising the tone intensity. None of
      the cells in the sample responded in a sustained fashion to continuous noise. In
      each of 11 cases examined, the effect of a continuous noise mask was to elevate
      tone thresholds and to prolong latent periods for tones; the magnitude of both of
      these effects depended on the intensity of the continuous noise mask.

PMID- 4030513
TI  - Influence of steam-flaked, steamed-whole or whole shelled corn on performance and
      digestion in beef steers.
AB  - Three trials were conducted to evaluate finishing diets containing 67% steam
      flaked corn (SFC), steamed-whole corn (SWC) or whole corn (WC). In a feeding
      trial, steers fed SWC consumed more (P less than .05) dry matter per day (7.6 kg)
      than those fed WC (7.0 kg) or SFC (6.7 kg). Average daily gain was greater (P
      less than .05) for steers fed SFC (1.33 kg) and SWC (1.31 kg) than for those fed
      WC (1.25 kg), and feed efficiency was better (P less than .05) for steers fed SFC
      (5.06 kg dry matter/kg gain) than for those fed WC (5.62) and SWC (5.79). Carcass
      characteristics were not different among the three groups. In a digestion trial,
      method of corn processing did not affect digestibility of dry matter and crude
      protein. Starch digestibility was greater (P less than .05) for SFC (99.1%) than
      for SWC (93.8%) and WC (93.0%). There were no differences in nitrogen (N) intake
      or fecal N among the three diets; however, urinary N was less (P less than .05)
      for SWC (19 g/d) than for SFC (27 g/d) and WC (32 g/d), and N retention was
      higher (P less than .05) for the SWC diet. In vitro dry matter digestibility of
      the SFC diet was higher (P less than .05) than for WC at 4 and 8 h of incubation
      and higher (P less than .05) than the SWC diet at 8, 12 and 24 h of incubation.
      In vitro gas production after 6 h was greater (P less than .05) for SFC than for
      SWC grain, which was greater (P less than .05) than WC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4030514
TI  - Relationship of plasma lipid concentrations to fat deposition in pigs.
AB  - The time course for changes in plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride
      concentration after removal of feed was established. Genetically obese and lean
      lines of pigs, two types of crossbred female pigs and a group of male pigs were
      used to establish the relationship between circulating free fatty acid or
      triglyceride concentrations and adiposity. Pigs were weighed, ultrasonically
      probed for backfat thickness, bled in a fed state and again in the fasted state.
      Plasma was analyzed for free fatty acid and triglyceride concentration. Fasting
      increased plasma free fatty acid, but only slightly increased triglyceride
      concentrations. There were several significant correlations between backfat
      thickness and plasma lipid concentrations; however, the low magnitude and
      inconsistency of these correlations precludes use of plasma lipid concentrations
      as indicators of adiposity in swine. Fasted obese pigs had lower plasma fatty
      acid concentrations than lean pigs at 2, 4 and 6 mo of age. If these plasma
      levels represent in vivo mobilization of fat, the results probably contrast with
      previously reported in vitro results wherein adipose tissue from obese pigs had
      lipolytic rates expressed on a cellular basis that were equal to or greater than
      those form lean pigs.

PMID- 4030515
TI  - Linear body measurements and muscle distribution in F1 Holstein x Friesian intact
      males.
AB  - Influence of sire, dietary regimen and slaughter weight on wither height, body
      depth, heart girth, hip width and percentage of total muscle in each of nine
      commercial cuts of F1 Holstein X Friesian bulls (N = 260) was studied. Sires were
      full-blooded or percentage Holstein; dams were commercial and purebred Danish
      Friesians. The young bulls received 100, 75, 50 or 25% concentrates, with the
      remainder of the diet provided in the form of silage. Animals were serial
      slaughtered at 340, 470 or 600 kg. Sire was a significant source of variation in
      many of the body measurements and muscle distributional variables that were
      evaluated. It was noted, however, that sire differences in percentage of total
      dissected muscle in Group III cuts (rib + loin + round + hindshank) of intact
      male progeny were of the order of 1% or less. Sire X diet and sire X slaughter
      weight interactions were statistically significant in some analyses. Muscular
      development in the neck region was more pronounced when bulls were fed a low
      concentrate diet, rather than high levels of concentrates. Percentages of total
      muscle in the forequarter were highest (P less than .01) for the 470- and 600-kg
      bulls. Thus feeding bulls to heavier weights had an adverse effect (P less than
      .01) on percentage of total muscle in Group III cuts. Dietary influence on linear
      body measurements and muscle distribution in young, Holstein-cross bulls was
      negligible.

PMID- 4030516
TI  - Effect of inorganic selenium supplementation on selenium retention in postweaning
      swine.
AB  - A total of 64 weanling pigs was used in a randomized complete-block experiment to
      evaluate the efficacy of various inorganic Se levels on weekly Se balance
      measurements over a 5-wk post-weaning period. Four-week-old weaned pigs were fed
      a 20% protein, corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with 0, .3, .5 or 1.0 ppm Se
      from sodium selenite. Eight pigs were allotted by weight, litter and sex to each
      metabolism crate. A 2-d preliminary period followed by a 5-d collection period
      was conducted for five weekly periods. Feed intake was provided ad libitum but
      was similar between dietary Se levels. Fecal Se excretion increased each week and
      with increasing dietary Se level. Apparent digestibility of Se was relatively
      constant for each period when inorganic Se was fed, averaging approximately 70%,
      whereas it ranged between 30 to 40% for pigs fed the basal diet during wk 2
      through 5. Urinary Se decreased during the postweaning periods for pigs fed the
      basal diet, but increased linearly as dietary Se increased during the initial 2
      wk postweaning period and then quadratically during wk 3 through 5. There was a
      net loss of Se from the body when the Se-unsupplemented basal diet was fed during
      the initial 2 wk postweaning, whereupon, it became positive. Selenium retention
      in pigs supplemented with inorganic Se increased each week of the trial. When Se
      retention was expressed in relation to Se intake, the resulting regression was
      linear (R2 = .99), suggesting that Se retention in the postweaning pig increased
      in direct proportion to the amount consumed when diets contained up to 1.0 ppm
      Se.

PMID- 4030517
TI  - Weaning weight response of pigs to simple and complex diets.
AB  - Five experiments were conducted to determine (1) the value of simple vs complex
      diets on gains and feed conversion of pigs weaned at a constant age but varying
      in weight, (2) the optimum postweaning time to change from a complex to a simple
      diet and (3) the effect of previous treatment on subsequent performance. In the
      first experiment, pigs were weaned at 3 wk +/- 3 d and assigned within four
      weight groups (4.1, 5.0, 5.6 and 6.7 kg) to a simple or complex diet that was fed
      for 28 d. The complex diet improved (P less than .01) pig performance in all
      weight groups. As anticipated, the heavier pigs (5.6 and 6.7 kg) ate more (P less
      than .02) and grew faster (P less than .03) than did their lighter weight
      littermates (4.1 and 5.0 kg). The second experiment involved pigs weaned at 3 wk
      +/- 3 d that were assigned within two weight groups (4.4 and 6.6 kg) and fed a
      complex diet for 10 d, after which one-half of each weight group was switched to
      a simple diet. Pigs fed the complex diet for the entire 24-d period gained faster
      (P less than .05) and were more efficient (P less than .05) than those changed to
      the simple diet after 10 d. The heavier weight (6.6 kg) pigs ate more (P less
      than .02) and gained faster (P less than .02) than did the lighter weight (4.4
      kg) pigs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030518
TI  - Protein requirements of mature working horses.
AB  - Eighteen mature horses were used to study proteins requirements of working
      horses. Treatments included intense exercise, medium exercise and maintenance in
      a 3 X 3 factorial arrangement with three levels of calculated dietary crude
      protein (CP; 8.5, 7.0 and 5.5%). The horses were on the various exercise-protein
      treatments for 60 d, then fasted 4 d to evaluate their N status after the
      treatment period. Exercise had no significant effect on body weight over the
      feeding and fasting periods. No one exercise or protein treatment expressed the
      classical low plasma albumin or total protein concentrations of protein-deficient
      or malnourished animals. Plasma urea N (PUN) concentrations reflected the amount
      of protein in the diet, with the horses fed the high-protein treatment having the
      highest PUN concentration (P less than .05). Fasting brought about a significant
      rise in the urinary percentage of urea + NH3 N, with the highest protein
      treatment excreting the highest percentage (P less than .05). Because plasma
      protein concentrations were maintained and labile protein reserves were
      apparently not depleted, it appears that the lowest protein diet containing 1.9 g
      digestible protein/W.75 was adequate, regardless of work load.

PMID- 4030519
TI  - Awards of the American Society of Animal Science.

PMID- 4030520
TI  - Reevaluation of the role of progesterone in stimulating sexual receptivity in
      estrogen-treated gilts.
AB  - Three studies were conducted to examine the role of progesterone in stimulating
      sexual receptivity in estrogen-treated, ovariectomized gilts. Progesterone was
      administered either before, simultaneously with, or 48 h after estrogen. In each
      study, gilts were treated with either a suboptimal or an optimal dosage of
      estradiol benzoate (EB). Progesterone treatment (600 micrograms/kg BW-1 X
      injection-1) on alternate days for a total of four injections produced serum
      concentrations of progesterone that were maximal at 9.4 ng/ml and remained
      greater than 1 ng/ml for 15 d. Estradiol benzoate was administered 22 d after the
      first of these progesterone injections. When progesterone was administered
      concurrently with or 48 h after EB, the dosage was 100 micrograms/kg BW and
      produced a maximal serum progesterone concentration of 1.8 ng/ml 4 h after
      treatment. Gilts were placed in an evaluation pen with a boar for 5 min on d 3
      and 4 after EB treatment. Traits of interest were total number of mounts by the
      boar, mounts before the gilt showed the immobilization response, proportion of
      gilts that showed the immobilization response, and latency from entry of the gilt
      into the evaluation pen until the immobilization response. In none of the three
      studies did progesterone improve any of the traits of interest. In each study the
      immobilization response was observed in a higher proportion of gilts treated with
      the optimal than in those treated with the suboptimal dosage of EB. Latency from
      entry of gilts into the evaluation pen until the immobilization response was less
      on d 4 than on d 3 after EB in all studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030521
TI  - Production characters of first-generation cows of a five-breed diallel:
      reproduction of young cows and preweaning performance of inter se calves.
AB  - Data from cows of a five-breed diallel involving Angus, Brahman, Hereford,
      Holstein and Jersey were analyzed. Females were used in inter se matings to
      produce three second-generation parturitions per cow. Crossbred (CB) cows were 43
      d younger (P less than .05), 14 kg heavier (P less than .05) and 2 cm taller (P
      less than .05) at first calving than straightbred (SB) cows; however, no
      differences were detected (P greater than .10) between the two groups for pelvic
      measurements. Although large differences among breed types existed for gestation
      length, crossbreds generally did not differ from straightbreds for this
      character. Crossbred cows exhibited a 7.5 d shorter (P less than .05) interval
      from parturition to first service, but did not exhibit a shorter interval from
      parturition to conception (P greater than .10). The dairy breeds (Holstein and
      Jersey) and their crosses exhibited similar postpartum and calving intervals as
      Angus, while Brahman and their crosses had longer intervals. Crossbred calves
      were 1.3 kg heavier (P less than .01) and had greater (P less than .01) shoulder
      and hip dimensions at birth than SB calves, but no difference in the amount of
      calving difficulty was detected (P greater than .10) between the two groups.
      Higher (P less than .01) rates of survival to 24 h (3.7%) and to weaning (8.7%)
      were observed for CB calves compared with SB calves. Heterotic effects for
      weaning weight (15.2 kg), weaning height (2 cm) and preweaning average daily gain
      (68 g) were large and illustrate the importance of individual and maternal
      heterosis for these characters. These results suggest that substantial amounts of
      heterosis may be retained for survival and weaning characters of calves in early
      generations of inter se mating of CB.

PMID- 4030522
TI  - Lifetime (seven years) production of 1/4 and 1/2 Finnish Landrace ewes from
      Rambouillet, Targhee and Columbia dams under range conditions.
AB  - Lifetime lamb and wool production of 1/4 and 1/2 Finnish Landrace (Finn)
      crossbred ewes in comparison with local purebred controls was evaluated under
      range conditions. A total of 1,234 ewe lambs, representing nine breed groups,
      were first exposed to breeding at 7 mo of age and subsequently retained with no
      artificial culling, except for debilitating unsoundness, through 7 yr of
      production. Mating was to Suffolk sires. Differences among pooled breed groups
      (1/4 Finns, 1/2 Finns and purebreds) generally were not significant for ewe
      viability to lambing, percentage of lambs born alive and lamb viability to
      weaning; nor were differences significant for fertility except among yearlings
      (12 mo at lambing) where 1/4 and 1/2 Finn fertility exceeded that of purebreds by
      217 and 278%, respectively. However, for prolificacy, Finn-crosses were
      consistently superior to purebreds at all seven ages; 1/4 and 1/2 Finns averaged
      24 and 48% higher, respectively, than purebreds. Further, Finn-cross ewes clearly
      excelled purebreds (P less than .05) in the two overall measures of reproduction-
      net reproductive rate and weight of lamb weaned. The superiority was sustained
      through all ages and averaged (over ages 2 through 7 yr) 29 and 49% for net
      reproductive rate and 24 and 41% for weight weaned, for 1/4 and 1/2 Finns,
      respectively. Conversely, for wool weight, purebreds were consistently superior
      at all ages; the lifetime averages of 1/4 and 1/2 Finn fleeces were only 90 and
      77% as high, respectively, as those of purebreds. It was concluded, however, that
      the loss in value of wool production associated with Finn breeding was
      economically of much less importance than the gains made in weight of lamb
      weaned. The use of 1/4 and 1/2 Finn-crosses involving the above adapted domestic
      breeds increased the net value of lifetime production by approximately 18 and
      29%, respectively.

PMID- 4030523
TI  - Effect of receiving diets containing alfalfa and certain feed additives on
      performance of feeder pigs transported long distances.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of receiving diets
      containing alfalfa meal and certain feed additives on performance of comingled
      feeder pigs transported 900 to 1,100 km. In Exp. 1, the inclusion of 9.4%
      dehydrated alfalfa meal in receiving diets for 2 wk resulted in no difference (P
      greater than .1) in gain or feed conversion from purchase to market compared with
      pigs fed a basal corn-soybean meal (CS) diet or a diet containing 20% ground
      whole oats (O). In Exp. 2, pigs fed receiving diets containing 10% dehydrated
      alfalfa meal had no improvement (P greater than .1) in gain (.60 vs .61 kg/d) or
      conversion (3.25 vs 3.17) compared with CS-fed pigs. In Exp. 3, pigs fed a
      receiving diet for 2 wk containing 10% mid-bloom alfalfa ate more (P less than
      .002) feed daily for 2 wk (.82 vs .76 kg) and overall (P less than .04; 1.92 vs
      1.85 kg) and had an improved (P less than .03) daily gain from purchase to market
      (.61 vs .59 kg) compared with CS-fed pigs. In Exp. 2, pigs fed diets containing
      44 mg/kg tylosin (T) gained similar to pigs fed no additive (O) and slower (P
      less than .01) than pigs fed 110 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC; .59, .60 and .63
      kg/d), with no significant differences in feed to gain conversion (3.12, 3.23 and
      3.18).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030524
TI  - Abstracts: annual meetings of the American Society of Animal Science.

PMID- 4030525
TI  - In vivo activity of nifurzide and nifuroxazide in intestinal bacteria in man and
      gnotobiotic mice.
AB  - Although Gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria are the target strains of
      nifurzide and nifuroxazide treatments, neither drug affected faecal counts of in
      vitro-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae in healthy volunteers. This absence of
      activity was shown to be due to the poor solubility of the drugs tested.
      Therefore, effect of high doses of nifurzide was investigated in gnotobiotic
      mice. Activity against in vitro susceptible enteropathogens was then observed.
      Normal bacterial cells were replaced in the faeces by elongated, nonseptate and
      unflagellated mutants. Moreover, the resistance to colonization by
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Shigella flexeri of an anaerobic flora of
      human origin was sharply decreased.

PMID- 4030526
TI  - The rumen microbiology of seaweed digestion in Orkney sheep.
AB  - The microbial populations of the rumens of seaweed-fed and pasture-fed Orkney
      sheep were examined. The populations in the pasture-fed sheep were similar to
      those of other domestic ruminants fed on land plants, but those of the seaweed
      fed animals showed major differences in the dominant species. Total ciliate
      populations were quantitatively similar, but in the seaweed-fed animals
      Dasytricha ruminantium was one of the most dominant species. No phycomycete fungi
      or cellulolytic bacteria were found in the seaweed-fed animals, and the bacterial
      population was dominated by Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium,
      Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and lactate-utilizing species. Electron microscopy
      revealed that spirochaetes and an unidentified filamentous bacterium were
      probably of major significance in seaweed digestion. The ability of bacterial
      strains from both groups of animals to metabolize plant and algal constituents
      was examined.

PMID- 4030527
TI  - The influence of water on the resistance of spores to inactivation by gaseous
      ethylene oxide.
AB  - Standardized conditions for exposure to ethylene oxide were used to evaluate the
      resistance of spores dried for various times at different relative humidities and
      temperatures. Spores dried under conditions of high humidity exhibited low
      resistance to the sterilant, the resistance increasing as the relative humidity
      (RH) was decreased. Increasing the temperature of drying amplified this effect by
      reducing the time required for equilibration to a specific RH. Spores dried over
      a desiccant at 37 degrees C showed a slight rise followed by a fall in
      resistance. Spores maintained under these conditions for a long period of time
      increased in resistance. Spores rapidly dried by exposure to low RH, over a
      desiccant or at elevated temperature, dried unevenly resulting in a heterogeneous
      population with respect to ethylene oxide resistance. This was expressed as non
      logarithmic survivor curves. The initial vacuum drawn influences resistance. The
      resistance of spores dried on aluminium foil increased as the pressure was
      reduced. The rate at which the pressure was reduced had little effect on
      resistance, except with highly desiccated spores. Dried spores held at different
      reduced pressures with humidification, showed no differences in resistance. The
      implications of these findings in relation to the operation of ethylene oxide
      sterilization cycles and the preparation and use of biological monitors is
      discussed.

PMID- 4030528
TI  - A note on crossing experiments with Aspergillus niger for the production of
      calcium gluconate.
AB  - A strong calcium gluconate-producing strain of Aspergillus niger (MN181) was
      obtained by way of mutagenic treatment. Its growth was very slow with moderate
      sporulation. The strain was treated with N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
      (MNNG) and some auxotrophic mutants were obtained. All were less productive than
      the parent strain in producing calcium gluconate. The reduced yield was corrected
      in the heterokaryons and diploids derived by crossing sister strains. One diploid
      strain (D4), heterozygous for auxotrophy and conidial colour markers was grown in
      the presence of 4% alcohol and 31 segregants were isolated which included both
      haploid and diploid strains. Their yields were studied and some recombinants were
      obtained which, in spite of the same yield of MN181, showed improvement in giving
      fast growth and abundant sporulation.

PMID- 4030529
TI  - Contamination and bacterial retention capacity of beef carcasses at the abattoir.
AB  - The contamination of beef carcasses was studied together with the capacity of
      meat surfaces to retain bacteria along the processing line in the slaughter hall.
      The results showed that the contamination varied along the processing line, but
      that this pattern was essentially dependent on the contamination at the dressing
      station. It decreased or remained unchanged during the first 12 min and then
      increased, even without additional contamination. The contamination varied
      according to carcasses and micro-organisms studied and was not greatly affected
      by spray cleaning. The number of bacteria retained changed at a rate similar to
      that of the contaminants. The attachment was instantaneous. The results are
      discussed and compared with the various hypotheses about contamination and
      bacterial attachment processes.

PMID- 4030531
TI  - Rationalization of terminology and methodology in the study of antibiotic
      interaction.

PMID- 4030530
TI  - Bacteria in bivalve shellfish with special reference to the oyster.
AB  - The bacterial flora of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the sea mussel Perna
      viridis and the arkshell clam Scapharca cornea differed considerably from that of
      seawater in both numbers and generic composition. The numbers of heterotrophic
      bacteria in the bivalve shellfish, including the anaerobes and spore-forming
      bacteria, were greater than that in the surrounding water. Pseudomonas spp. were
      the dominant organisms, comprising over one third of the 321 strains
      characterized after isolation from the bivalves and seawater. Other bacteria
      isolated from the shellfish included Vibrio, Acinetobacter, and Aeromonas spp.,
      whereas the seawater flora consisted mainly of coliform organisms, coryneform
      bacteria and Flavobacterium/Cytophaga spp. Bacteria associated with the deposit
      feeding clams were higher in density and more distinct in generic composition as
      compared with those in the suspension-feeding oysters and mussels. Over 90% of
      the coliform and heterotrophic bacteria in oysters were found in organs
      associated with the digestive tract. Coliforms were mainly found in the stomach
      while heterotrophs were present in both stomach and the lower intestine. The
      results suggest that the stomach flora of oysters are mainly derived from the
      external environment and, through a process of selection and multiplication, that
      it may be gradually replaced by a more indigenous population which dominates the
      lower digestive tract.

PMID- 4030532
TI  - Determination of molecular hydrogen in investigations of the susceptibility of
      Enterobacteriaceae to ampicillin.
AB  - One hundred and five enterobacterial isolates from urinary tract infections were
      examined for ampicillin-susceptibility by measurement of molecular hydrogen
      production with a palladium metal oxide semi-conductor (Pd-MOS sensor). Eighty
      one per cent of hydrogen producing strains could be placed in the same
      susceptibility groups as recorded by disc-diffusion tests. However, it was harder
      to separate susceptible from intermediate types than to determine resistance. In
      all but five strains the hydrogen production allowed determination of viability
      within 5 h.

PMID- 4030533
TI  - Gentamicin administered in vivo reduces protein synthesis in microsomes
      subsequently isolated from rat kidneys but not from rat brains.
AB  - Gentamicin injected in vivo, in doses equivalent to those used therapeutically in
      humans, produced a decrease in the protein synthesizing capacity of microsomes
      subsequently isolated from rat kidneys, but not of microsomes isolated from rat
      whole brains. The decreases in eukaryotic cell protein synthesis observed
      following in-vivo administration of gentamicin were similar to those observed
      following the addition of gentamicin to microsomes in vitro.

PMID- 4030534
TI  - Inability of gentamicin and fosfomycin to eliminate intracellular
      Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - The ability of gentamicin and fosfomycin to kill Salmonella typhimurium and
      Escherichia coli in a HeLa cell culture system was investigated. Antibiotic
      activity against extracellular, cell membrane-attached and intracellular bacteria
      were determined. Both gentamicin and fosfomycin had the same low ability to kill
      intracellular bacteria. The efficacy of fosfomycin against extracellular bacteria
      was also low, whereas gentamicin rapidly killed such bacteria. These observations
      show that intracellular enterobacteria are protected from the bactericidal
      activity of gentamicin and fosfomycin.

PMID- 4030535
TI  - Stimulatory effects of carbenicillin and ticarcillin on the adhesion and
      spreading of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - The in-vitro effects of ticarcillin and carbenicillin on adhesiveness, spreading,
      chemotaxis, phagocytosis and Candida-killing of human leukocytes have been
      comparatively studied. Adhesion and spreading of cells was increased by
      incubation with ticarcillin and carbenicillin. We found significant enlargement
      of surface and length measurements by optical and scanning electron microscopic
      examination. (P less than 0.0005). The number of cells was only significantly
      increased after exposure to ticarcillin (P less than 0.05). There were no
      modifications of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and Candida-killing capacity with
      respect to control values.

PMID- 4030536
TI  - Investigations on the influence of liver diseases on ampicillin body levels in
      man.
AB  - Ampicillin bioavailability was examined using the urinary excretion method, in
      healthy subjects and patients with: viral hepatitis, primary hepatocellular
      carcinoma and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. A single dose of 500 mg ampicillin
      was administered intravenously in each case. Viral hepatitis patients gave
      similar results to healthy subjects. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and
      hepatosplenic schistosomiasis patients had reduced drug bioavailability compared
      to healthy subjects (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 4030537
TI  - Vancomycin and netilmicin as first line treatment of peritonitis in CAPD
      patients.
AB  - The first line treatment of peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in our hospital was recently altered from a
      combination of gentamicin and clindamycin, given as continuous peritoneal lavage,
      to one of vancomycin and netilmicin given in peritoneal dialysis fluid with
      prolonged dwell time (4-6 h). The change was prompted by the emergence of
      multiply resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis among CAPD patients and nursing
      staff. In 9 of 19 episodes of peritonitis treated with gentamicin/clindamycin,
      the infecting organism could still be isolated from peritoneal fluid 5-15 days
      after commencement of therapy. All of 35 culture verified episodes treated with
      vancomycin/netilmicin were cleared bacteriologically within 3 days (P less than
      0.0005). The vancomycin and netilmicin serum levels achieved were 6.5-37.0 mg/l
      and 1.0-8.1 mg/l, respectively. Apart from an asthmatic reaction, possibly
      triggered by vancomycin, no side effects were seen. However, audiometry was not
      performed regularly and the possible effect of netilmicin on the residual renal
      function was not systematically investigated.

PMID- 4030538
TI  - Intravenous Augmentin in bacteraemia and severe invasive polymicrobial sepsis.
AB  - An intravenous formulation of Augmentin was used as sole chemotherapy in the
      treatment of patients with severe infections. Fourteen of 17 assessable patients
      (82%) responded satisfactorily including six with bacteraemia. Adverse reactions
      occurred in 38% of patients but in all but one, withdrawn due to diarrhoea, were
      trivial. There was no significant intolerance.

PMID- 4030539
TI  - Vancomycin toxicity: a prospective study.
AB  - A prospective study of 34 patients treated with 39 courses of intravenous
      vancomycin, was undertaken in order to assess toxicity. Six patients received
      vancomycin alone and 27 courses were associated with aminoglycoside
      administration either concurrently or within two weeks of the first dose of
      vancomycin. Hearing loss was slight and uncommon; patients were unaware of its
      occurrence. Tinnitus and dizziness was noted by two patients and resolved on
      withdrawal of vancomycin. Diminution of renal function was seen both during (7%)
      and after (9%) vancomycin therapy. A striking feature of these patients with
      renal deterioration was the severity of their underlying disease. No evidence of
      synergistic toxicity between vancomycin and aminoglycosides was seen.

PMID- 4030540
TI  - Reduced ampicillin bioavailability following oral coadministration with
      chloroquine.
AB  - Ampicillin bioavailability was examined in seven healthy adult male volunteers
      after oral coadministration with chloroquine using the urinary excretion method.
      Ampicillin (500 mg, capsules) and chloroquine phosphate (250 mg, tablets) were
      administered in single doses of 1.0 g each. Each subject received, on two
      different occasions, ampicillin alone and ampicillin together chloroquine. Urine
      was collected hourly for 8.0 h. Ampicillin urinary levels were measured
      chemically. The mean % dose excreted, maximum peak of excretion and the time of
      that peak after the administration of ampicillin alone were: 29 +/- 4.1%, 1.73 +/
      0.27 mg/min and 1.75 +/- 0.164 h, respectively. The corresponding values after
      coadministration of ampicillin with chloroquine were: 19 +/- 2.9%, 1.25 +/- 0.17
      mg/min and 1.82 +/- 0.210 h. The results indicate a significant reduction (P less
      than 0.005) in ampicillin bioavailability following oral coadministration with
      chloroquine. The reduction of ampicillin bioavailability produced by chloroquine
      might be attributed to slowing of gastric emptying and enhancement of gut
      motility induced by the chloroquine.

PMID- 4030541
TI  - Aminoglycoside toxicity.

PMID- 4030542
TI  - Does the protein binding of antibiotics affect their antistaphylococcal activity?

PMID- 4030543
TI  - Human serum albumin for in-vitro tests.

PMID- 4030544
TI  - Sch 34343--a new parenteral penem. Based mainly on papers presented at the 24th
      Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC,
      8-10 October 1984.

PMID- 4030545
TI  - Synthesis and preliminary in-vitro profile of Sch 34343--a new penem
      antibacterial agent.
AB  - Sch 34343, a new penem antibiotic, has been synthesized by several routes and
      found to be highly active against both aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and
      Gram-negative organisms (except Pseudomonas). It has excellent beta-lactamase
      stability and is bactericidal. The synthetic routes to Sch 34343 and its in-vitro
      activity compared with other structurally related penems are discussed.

PMID- 4030546
TI  - Comparative in-vitro activity of Sch 34343 for a wide spectrum of clinically
      significant anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - One hundred and fifty strains of anaerobic bacteria including 45 bacteroides, 19
      fusobacteria, 41 cocci, 34 clostridia, and 11 Gram-positive non-sporeforming rods
      were tested by agar dilution for their susceptibilities to cefoxitin, cefuroxime,
      latamoxef (moxalactam), penicillin G, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, metronidazole
      and Sch 34343. Excluding the 34 clostridia, 115 of the 116 remaining strains were
      inhibited by less than or equal to 1 mg/l of Sch 34343. One isolate of
      Bacteroides fragilis required 32 mg/l for inhibition. All of the 34 clostridia
      were inhibited by less than or equal to 8 mg/l of Sch 34343: 14 isolates of
      Clostridium difficile had an MIC50 and an MIC90 of 4 mg/l, whereas the remaining
      20 species of clostridia had an MIC50 of 0.125 mg/l and an MIC90 of 2 mg/l. On a
      weight basis, Sch 34343 was generally more active than any of the seven other
      antimicrobial agents tested.

PMID- 4030547
TI  - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to Sch 34343 and other beta-lactam
      antibiotics.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of Sch 34343 was evaluated against 381 anaerobic clinical
      isolates and compared with that of imipenem, cefoxitin, latamoxef (moxalactam),
      cefotaxime and cefoperazone. Test isolates included strains with unknown
      resistance to the beta-lactam drugs, and two Bacteroides fragilis strains that
      could inactivate cefoxitin. Sch 34343 and imipenem demonstrated superior activity
      against all the anaerobic bacteria tested, with MIC90s less than or equal to 1
      mg/l. Sch 34343 was generally one- to two-fold more active than imipenem.
      Resistance to both was demonstrated by the two Bact. fragilis strains that
      inactivated cefoxitin and by one strain of Fusobacterium; these three strains
      were also resistant to the other drugs studied. There were no other resistant
      strains to either Sch 34343 or imipenem. Cefotaxime and cefoperazone were the
      least active against the Bact. fragilis group, with resistance rates of 33 and
      47%, respectively. Strains resistant to cefoxitin, latamoxef, cefotaxime and
      cefoperazone were found among some Clostridium spp. The Gram-positive cocci and
      Gram-positive bacilli were sensitive to all the drugs evaluated.

PMID- 4030548
TI  - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to Sch 34343 and other antibiotics.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of Sch 34343 was evaluated against 137 strains of anaerobic
      bacteria by the agar dilution technique. Sch 34343 was compared with imipenem,
      cefoxitin, latamoxef (moxalactam), clindamycin and metronidazole. Organisms
      studied included the Bacteroides fragilis group, other Bacteroides spp.,
      Clostridium perfringens, Cl. difficile, other Clostridium spp. and anaerobic
      cocci. Overall, Sch 34343 and imipenem were significantly more active than the
      other antibiotics against most organisms tested, especially the Bact. fragilis
      group, including clindamycin-resistant strains. Apart from Cl. difficile, which
      required up to 8 mg/l of Sch 34343 and imipenem for inhibition, all the strains
      were inhibited by 1 mg/l of Sch 34343 and by 2 mg/l of imipenem. Of the remaining
      agents tested, against the Bact. fragilis group metronidazole (2 mg/l to inhibit
      90% of the strains) was the most active, followed by cefoxitin (16 mg/l),
      latamoxef (32 mg/l) and clindamycin (32 mg/l). On the basis of its activity in
      vitro, Sch 34343 appears to be one of the most promising new antimicrobial agents
      for the treatment of infections involving anaerobic bacteria.

PMID- 4030549
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of Sch 34343 in rats and dogs.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of 14C-Sch 34343 were studied in rats and dogs following
      intravenous and intramuscular dosing. In both species, it was rapidly absorbed
      after intramuscular dosing. The serum AUC for total radioactivity and for intact
      drug after intramuscular dosing were similar to those obtained after intravenous
      dosing. Following both routes of drug administration, the elimination of half
      life (T 1/2 beta) was 7 min in rats and 25-32 min in dogs. Following intravenous
      dosing of 14C-Sch 34343 to rats, radioactivity in tissues disappeared rapidly
      with time indicating no tissue accumulation. Highest concentrations of
      radioactivity were seen in the kidney. Liver, lung, skin and heart appeared to
      have concentrations of radioactivity similar to those of blood. Sch 34343 was
      excreted rapidly and primarily into the urine in both rats and dogs. After either
      route of dosing, urinary excretion of total radioactivity ranged from 84 to 93%
      and that of intact Sch 34343 from 41 to 51% of the dose, respectively. In
      addition, the effect of pretreatment with probenecid on the pharmacokinetics in
      rats and dogs and in anephric rats were also evaluated. Pretreatment with
      probenecid prolonged the elimination half-life in both rats and dogs. Anephric
      rats had a longer half-life than normal rats.

PMID- 4030550
TI  - Interspecies pharmacokinetic scaling of Sch 34343.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic parameters of Sch 34343 have been determined for mice, rats,
      rabbits, monkeys, dogs and humans and correlated among species as an exponential
      function of body weight. The pertinent pharmacokinetic parameters tested are
      apparent and steady-state volumes of distribution, total body clearance,
      elimination phase half-life, and mean residence time. This study showed that the
      extrapolation of animal data to humans on a new investigational drug, Sch 34343,
      can be potentially useful.

PMID- 4030551
TI  - In vivo 31P-NMR in human muscle: transient patterns with exercise.
AB  - Evaluation of dynamic changes in pH and concentrations of adenosine 5'
      triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) during
      the transition from rest to steady-state exercise in the human has been
      methodologically limited. Previous work has relied on muscle biopsy of exercising
      subjects at different times in different exercise bouts. Chemical evaluation of
      metabolites has been hampered by continuing change in metabolic concentration
      during the biopsy procedure. Recently, Fourier-transformed 31P nuclear magnetic
      resonance (31P-NMR), employing surface coils, has made evaluation of phosphorus
      metabolites possible by noninvasive atraumatic means in human muscle. Relative
      concentrations of PCr, Pi, and ATP, together with pH, have been obtained with 31P
      NMR from the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle on two occasions in four adult
      men during the transition from rest to exercise. [PCr] rapidly fell and was
      mirrored by a rise in [Pi]. The former temporarily exceeded the latter with the
      discrepancy apparently being absorbed by a transient rise in [ATP], which was
      itself mirrored by alteration in [H+].

PMID- 4030553
TI  - Injury to skeletal muscle fibers of mice following lengthening contractions.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that lengthening contractions result in greater injury
      to skeletal muscle fibers than isometric or shortening contractions. Mice were
      anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and secured to a platform maintained at 37
      degrees C. The distal tendon of the extensor digitorum longus muscle was attached
      to a servomotor. A protocol consisting of isometric, shortening, or lengthening
      contractions was performed. After the contraction protocol the distal tendon was
      reattached, incisions were closed, and the mice were allowed to recover. The
      muscles were removed after 1-30 days, and maximum isometric force (Po) was
      measured in vitro at 37 degrees C. Three days after isometric and shortening
      contractions and sham operations, histological appearance was not different from
      control and Po was 80% of the control value. Three days after lengthening
      contractions, histological sections showed that 37 +/- 4% of muscle fibers
      degenerated and Po was 22 +/- 3% of the control value. Muscle regeneration, first
      seen at 4 days, was nearly complete by 30 days, when Po was 84 +/- 3% of the
      control value. We conclude that, with the protocol used, lengthening, but not
      isometric or shortening contractions, caused significant injury to muscle fibers.

PMID- 4030552
TI  - Hypoxia-induced activation in small isolated pulmonary arteries from the cat.
AB  - Effects of hypoxia on force development and membrane potential were studied in
      isolated small (less than 300 microns diam) and large (greater than 500 microns
      diam) pulmonary arteries from cats. There was a consistent and reproducible
      hypoxic constrictor response in small pulmonary arteries that began at PO2 values
      between 350 and 300 Torr and reached a maximum at PO2 between 50 and 30 Torr. In
      the small artery smooth muscle cell the membrane potential, which was -51 +/- 1.4
      mV at a PO2 of 400 Torr, was depolarized to -37 +/- 2 mV at a PO2 of 50 Torr. In
      contrast, larger arteries did not exhibit significant hypoxic constriction or
      depolarization upon exposure to low PO2. Constriction in small arteries was not
      blocked by phentolamine. Treatment with a low dose of indomethacin (10(-9) M)
      augmented the response; however, a larger dose of indomethacin (10(-3) M) blocked
      the constriction to hypoxia but not to 30 mM KCl. Depolarization during hypoxia
      was not blocked by ouabain. Results of this study suggest that the hypoxic
      response of these isolated small pulmonary vessels may be like that seen in the
      intact lung. Furthermore, these data suggest that hypoxic vasoconstriction may be
      mediated by electrical events occurring at the pulmonary arterial muscle cell
      membrane either directly or via mediators released from the vessel wall.

PMID- 4030554
TI  - Free, glucuronide, and sulfate catecholamines in the rat: effect of hypoxia.
AB  - The formation and excretion of conjugated catecholamines (CA) was studied in
      conscious rats after sympathetic stimulation by hypoxia (5.5-6% O2, 4 h). Hypoxia
      induced a rapid and intense increase of free epinephrine (E, X 12) and
      norepinephrine (NE, X 6) but only a limited enhancement of free dopamine (DA, X
      2). Sulfate conjugates of E and NE had kinetics similar to the free forms, while
      glucuronides were only moderately and lately altered. In contrast to free and
      sulfated DA, DA glucuronide, the major plasma conjugate, was decreased (-25%).
      This result suggests that DA glucuronide, unlike other CA conjugates, is not
      related to detoxication but might supply a CA precursor. Urinary conjugates badly
      reflected plasma conjugates. In normoxic controls, CA conjugates prevailed in the
      plasma, whereas the free amines prevailed in the urine. Hypoxia increased mainly
      the excretion of E and NE glucuronide but not of the free amines. Urinary DA,
      free or conjugated, was decreased (-25%), a result in keeping with plasma DA
      glucuronide only. The poor relations between plasma and urine catecholamines
      pinpoint the importance of the kidney in CA handling.

PMID- 4030555
TI  - Adaptive response of hypertrophied skeletal muscle to endurance training.
AB  - The response of hypertrophied soleus and plantaris muscle of rats to endurance
      training was studied. Hypertrophy was produced by bilateral extirpation of the
      gastrocnemius muscle. A 13-wk training program of treadmill running initiated 30
      days after removal of the gastrocnemius muscle accentuated (P less than 0.01) the
      hypertrophy. Succinate dehydrogenase activities of the enlarged muscles of
      sedentary rats were similar to those of normal animals, as were the increases
      associated with training. Phosphorylase and hexokinase activities were unaltered
      as a result of the experimental perturbations. Rates of glycogen depletion during
      exercise were lower (P less than 0.01) in the liver and soleus and plantaris
      muscles of endurance-trained animals. No difference existed in the rate of
      glycogen depletion of normal and hypertrophied muscle within the sedentary or
      trained groups. These data demonstrate that extensively hypertrophied muscle
      responds to training and exercise in a manner similar to that of normal muscle.

PMID- 4030556
TI  - Muscle performance and metabolism in maximal isokinetic cycling at slow and fast
      speeds.
AB  - To provide a description of the metabolic changes in muscle during maximal
      dynamic exercise, muscle biopsies were obtained in five healthy subjects before
      and after 30 s of isokinetic exercise at two pedaling frequencies (60 and 140
      rpm) associated with contrasting fatigue characteristics. Higher peak power was
      attained at 140 rpm (1,473 + 185 W) (mean +/- SE) than at 60 rpm (1,122 +/- 70
      W), but the decline in power during 30 s (fatigue index) was greater at 140 rpm
      (61.6 +/- 3.2 vs. 21.5 +/- 2.4%), total work in 30 s being similar (18.1 +/- 1.10
      vs. 20.1 +/- 1.10 kJ). Changes in the concentration of muscle metabolites were
      similar; creatine phosphate concentration fell to approximately 50% of resting
      values, and the glycolytic intermediates glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6
      phosphate, and fructose 1,6-biphosphate increased up to 30-fold. Muscle lactate
      concentration ([La-]) was 29.0 +/- 3.98 and 31.0 +/- 4.31 mmol/kg wet wt
      immediately postexercise at 140 and 60 rpm, respectively. Even after only 10 s
      exercise (n = 2), large increases were measured in glycolytic intermediates and
      [La-]. In the two subjects, muscle [La-] increased to 17.2 and 15.1 mmol/kg at
      140 rpm and to 14.3 and 14.2 mmol/kg at 60 rpm. In this type of exercise,
      glycogenolysis is activated very rapidly at both pedal speeds; the changes in
      glycolytic intermediates were consistent with rate-limiting steps at the
      phosphofructokinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase reactions. The greater fatigue at
      the higher speed is not accompanied by different biochemical changes than at 60
      rpm.

PMID- 4030557
TI  - Calcium uptake in mitochondria from different skeletal muscle types.
AB  - The kinetics of calcium (Ca2+) uptake have been studied in mitochondria isolated
      from the different types of skeletal muscle. These studies demonstrate that the
      Ca2+ uptake properties of skeletal mitochondria are similar to those from liver
      and cardiac mitochondria. The Ca2+ carriers apparently have a high affinity for
      Ca2+ (Michaelis constants in the microM range). The relationship between Ca2+
      uptake and initial Ca2+ concentration (10(-5) to 10(-7) M) is sigmoid in all
      mitochondria from the different skeletal muscle types suggesting that the uptake
      process is cooperative. Hill plots reveal coefficients of approximately 2 for
      mitochondria from fast-twitch muscle and 3.5 for slow-twitch muscle, adding
      further evidence to the concept that the uptake process is cooperative. An
      analysis of the potential role of mitochondria in the sequestration of Ca2+
      during muscular contraction demonstrated that mitochondria from slow-twitch
      muscle of both rats and rabbits can potentially account for 100% of the
      relaxation rate at a low frequency of stimulation (5 Hz). In fast-twitch muscle,
      the mitochondria appear unable to play a significant role in muscle relaxation,
      particularly at stimulation frequencies that are considered in the normal
      physiological range. In summary, it appears that Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria from
      slow-twitch skeletal muscle has kinetic characteristics which make it important
      as a potential regulator of Ca2+ within the muscle cell under normal
      physiological conditions.

PMID- 4030558
TI  - Creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme adaptations in stressed human skeletal muscle of
      marathon runners.
AB  - The creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme composition was determined in serial
      gastrocnemius muscle biopsies obtained from 12 male marathon runners. The mean
      muscle CK-MB composition significantly increased after chronic exercise
      (training) from 5.3% (pretraining) to 7.7% (premarathon) as well as after acute
      exercise (postmarathon) to 10.5% of the total CK activity (P less than 0.05).
      However, no significant differences in total CK activities were detected.
      Additionally, mitochondrial CK and CK-BB isoenzymes were present in muscle
      homogenates. A significant correlation was observed in the increase in mean serum
      total CK (3,322 U/l) and CK-MB (174 U/l) activities 24 h after the race (r =
      0.98, P less than 0.05). These results show that gastrocnemius muscle adapts to
      long-distance training and racing with increased CK-MB activities and imply that
      skeletal muscle is the major source of elevated serum CK-MB activities in
      marathon runners.

PMID- 4030560
TI  - Effect of the larynx on oscillatory flow in the central airways: a model study.
AB  - Measurements were made of the effect of the larynx on the oscillatory flow
      profiles in a 3:1 scale model of the human central airways. A fixed glottic
      aperture corresponding to the shape and size at midinspiration was used.
      Oscillatory airflows at peak Reynolds numbers, similar to those obtained during
      spontaneous breathing and panting, were studied. The flow distribution to the
      five lobar bronchi was maintained by distally placed linear resistors. A hot-wire
      anemometer probe was used to measure the local velocity along two perpendicular
      diameters at six stations distributed through the model. Near the proximal end of
      the trachea, the flat velocity profiles at the beginning of the flow cycle peaked
      at maximum flow because of the jet created by the glottic aperture. This peaked
      structure was conserved during the latter half of the inspiratory cycle. Close to
      the carina, the jet had almost dissipated and the entry conditions into the main
      bronchi corresponded to those in the absence of the laryngeal model. The effect
      of the glottic aperture on the mean velocity was not felt beyond the carina, and
      the characteristic skewed profiles seen in oscillatory flows, in the absence of
      the larynx, were present in the main and lobar bronchi.

PMID- 4030559
TI  - Effects of elevated and exercise-reduced muscle glycogen levels on insulin
      sensitivity.
AB  - The effects of an exercise-induced muscle glycogen reduction and an elevated
      muscle glycogen concentration on glucose tolerance and the insulin response to an
      oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) were examined. GTTs were administered to seven
      male subjects after 3 days on a mixed diet (C), after exhaustive exercise and 1
      day on a high-fat protein diet (L-FP), after exhaustive exercise and 1 day on a
      mixed diet (L-M), and after exhaustive exercise and 3 days on a high-carbohydrate
      diet (H-CHO). The L-M treatment resulted in a significant reduction in muscle
      glycogen (C, 79.6 +/- 4.2 mmol/kg wet wt vs. L-M, 53.9 +/- 1.2 mmol/kg wet wt)
      and a 31.7% reduction in the insulin-glucose (IG) index, a measure of insulin
      sensitivity in vivo. Muscle glycogen was also significantly reduced by the L-FP
      treatment (49.1 +/- 2.4 mmol/kg wet wt), but there was no change in the IG index.
      Preventing a decrease in the IG index during the L-FP treatment may have been a
      result of elevated free fatty acids (67%) and ketones (552%) prior to the GTT.
      Muscle glycogen was significantly increased by the H-CHO treatment (124.8 +/-
      11.1 mmol/kg wet wt); however, the IG index was not different from that of the C
      treatment. The results suggest that an exercise-induced reduction in muscle
      glycogen can improve insulin sensitivity in vivo but that this effect is diet
      dependent.

PMID- 4030561
TI  - Respiration of conscious kittens in acute hypoxia and effect of almitrine
      bismesylate.
AB  - Respiration was measured noninvasively in conscious kittens at an ambient
      temperature of 28-32 degrees C. Inspired O2 fraction (FIO2) was reduced abruptly
      from 0.21 to 0.12, 0.10, or 0.08 for 5 min on the day of birth and then on days
      4, 7, 14, and 28. The ventilatory response to hypoxia was biphasic, as reported
      previously in anesthetized kittens, with minute ventilation (VE) increasing in
      the first minute and then falling towards control over the next 4 min. The fall
      in VE was due to a consistent fall in tidal volume, the changes in frequency
      during the second phase being more variable. The size of the first phase of the
      response increased up to 14 days, but the time at which the peak increase in VE
      occurred was not correlated with age. The degree of the secondary fall in VE was
      similar at each age and at each FIO2 studied. The degree of the biphasic response
      was significantly reduced after administration of almitrine (2 mg/kg ip) on days
      1 and 4, but almitrine did not affect the response in older kittens.

PMID- 4030562
TI  - Dynamic exercise training in foxhounds. I. Oxygen consumption and hemodynamic
      responses.
AB  - Ten foxhounds were studied during maximal and submaximal exercise on a motor
      driven treadmill before and after 8-12 wk of training. Training consisted of
      working at 80% of maximal heart rate 1 h/day, 5 days/wk. Maximal O2 consumption
      (VO2max) increased 28% from 113.7 +/- 5.5 to 146.1 +/- 5.4 ml O2 X min-1 X kg-1,
      pre- to posttraining. This increase in VO2max was due primarily to a 27% increase
      in maximal cardiac output, since maximal arteriovenous O2 difference increased
      only 4% above pretraining values. Mean arterial pressure during maximal exercise
      did not change from pre- to posttraining, with the result that calculated
      systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased 20%. There were no training-induced
      changes in O2 consumption, cardiac output, arteriovenous O2 difference, mean
      arterial pressure, or SVR at any level of submaximal exercise. However, if post-
      and pretraining values are compared, heart rate was lower and stroke volume was
      greater at any level of submaximal exercise. Venous lactate concentrations during
      a given level of submaximal exercise were significantly lower during posttraining
      compared with pretraining, but venous lactate concentrations during maximal
      exercise did not change as a result of exercise training. These results indicate
      that a program of endurance training will produce a significant increase in
      VO2max in the foxhound. This increase in VO2max is similar to that reported
      previously for humans and rats but is derived primarily from central (stroke
      volume) changes rather than a combination of central and peripheral (O2
      extraction) changes.

PMID- 4030563
TI  - Neural and humoral factors in control of tracheal caliber.
AB  - To assess the contributions of neural (vagal) and humoral (blood borne)
      mechanisms in the tracheal constriction that occurs when pump ventilation is
      transiently withheld, experiments were conducted on decerebrate dogs. The dogs
      were paralyzed and thoracotomized, and each lung was independently ventilated.
      Pressure changes within an isolated tracheal segment (Ps) were monitored as an
      index of tracheal caliber. In series I, pump ventilation was withheld 20 s at the
      prevailing end-expiratory pressure (3-5 cmH2O) from both lungs or either lung
      alone when 1) both lungs were intact; or 2) the left lung was vascularly isolated
      (VIL) by occluding the pulmonary artery and the right gas exchange lung (GEL) was
      vagally denervated. In series II, steady-state pressure changes in the VIL were
      made with constant GEL ventilation. With both lungs intact, 20-s apnea elicited a
      17.3 +/- 2.6 cmH2O increase in Ps; the left and right lungs contributed equally
      to this response. Following vagotomy and pulmonary arterial occlusion, a 7.8 +/-
      2.6 cmH2O increase in Ps was elicited from two lungs; the VIL response was 60 +/-
      11% and the GEL 41 +/- 15%. Onset and one-half response times were faster from
      the VIL than GEL. Prolonged maneuvers elicited progressively larger responses
      from the GEL, but the VIL response plateaued within 30 s and then adapted towards
      the control level. In series II, steady-state increases or decreases in VIL
      pressure elicited small decreases or increases in Ps, respectively, which showed
      nearly complete adaptation within several minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4030564
TI  - Kinetics of oxygen uptake and heart rate at onset of exercise in children.
AB  - Requirements for cellular homeostasis appear to be unchanged between childhood
      and maturity. We hypothesized, therefore, that the kinetics of O2 uptake (VO2) in
      the transition from rest to exercise would be the same in young children as in
      teenagers. To test this, VO2 and heart rate kinetics from rest to constant work
      rate (75% of the subject's anaerobic threshold) in 10 children (5 boys and 5
      girls) aged 7-10 yr were compared with values found in 10 teenagers (5 boys and 5
      girls) aged 15-18 yr. Gas exchange was measured breath to breath, and phases I
      and II of the transition and phase III (steady-state exercise) were evaluated
      from multiple transitions in each child. Phase I (the VO2 at 20 s of exercise
      expressed as percent rest-to-steady-state exercise VO2) was not significantly
      correlated with age or weight [mean value 42.5 +/- 8.9% (SD)] nor was the phase
      II time constant for VO2 [mean 27.3 +/- 4.7 (SD) s]. The older girls had
      significantly slower kinetics than the other children but were also found to be
      less fit. When the teenagers exercised at work rates well below 75% of their
      anaerobic threshold, phase I VO2 represented a higher proportion of the overall
      response, but the phase II kinetics were unchanged. The temporal coupling between
      the cellular production of mechanical work at the onset of exercise and the
      uptake of environmental O2 appears to be controlled throughout growth in
      children.

PMID- 4030565
TI  - Expiratory effects of vagal stimulation in newborn kittens.
AB  - Expiratory effects of electrical stimulation of vagal afferents were studied in
      12 kittens during the first week of life. Animals anesthetized with ketamine (30
      mg/kg, im) and acepromazine (1.1 mg/kg, im), tracheostomized, and paralyzed were
      artificially ventilated after bilateral vagotomy. Rectified and "integrated"
      activity of the C5 root of phrenic nerve, systemic blood pressure, and the
      stimulus train were recorded. The optimal stimulus parameters for expiratory
      prolongation were chosen. The results varied between animals. We found three
      types of response: A, expiratory prolongation when stimulus was applied within
      the initial 80% of control expiratory time (TEc); beyond this delay, a decreased
      response or no effect was observed in four kittens; B, graded expiratory
      prolongation was recorded to the end of this phase in three kittens; and C,
      expiratory prolongation when stimulus delay was less than 40% of TEc and
      expiratory shortening when the stimulus given with greater delays was observed in
      one kitten. Nonsignificant effects were observed in the remaining four animals.
      Types A and B of response suggest activation of the slowly adapting pulmonary
      stretch receptors. However, amplitude of stimulus and frequency of pulses were
      higher than those used in adult animals. Type C response indicates that fibers
      from both rapidly and slowly adapting stretch receptors could be activated. Our
      results imply that if the expiratory insensitive phase is present in kittens, it
      can be affected by experimental conditions. This is in contradiction to
      characteristics of expiratory response to vagal stretch receptor input in adult
      cats.

PMID- 4030566
TI  - Influence of nicotine in cigarette smoke on acute ventilatory responses in awake
      dogs.
AB  - To determine whether the acute ventilatory responses to inhaled cigarette smoke
      are affected by a difference in nicotine level, control cigarettes (low-nicotine
      research cigarettes) were laced with nicotine to generate an increase of 330%
      (mean) in nicotine content with little or no change in the levels of other smoke
      constituents. Acute ventilatory responses to both control and nicotine-laced
      cigarettes were determined and compared in six awake chronic dogs. Spontaneous
      inhalation of nicotine-laced cigarette smoke (10% concn, 750 ml vol) via a
      tracheostomy tube caused distinct and consistent changes in breathing pattern on
      the first or second breath of inhaled smoke: an apnea in three dogs, an augmented
      inspiration in two dogs, and rapid shallow breathing in one dog. No significant
      change in breathing pattern was found immediately following inhalation of control
      cigarette smoke. Both types of cigarettes caused a delayed hyperpnea. However,
      the increase in minute ventilation induced by nicotine-laced cigarettes (from a
      base line of 2.8 to a peak of 25.7 l/min) was significantly greater than that by
      control cigarettes (from 2.9 to 5.5 l/min). Results of this study suggest that
      nicotine is responsible for the elicitation of both the immediate and delayed
      ventilatory responses to inhaled cigarette smoke generated under our experimental
      conditions.

PMID- 4030567
TI  - Submaximal exercise responses of tetraplegics and paraplegics.
AB  - This study describes responses of 21 wheelchair users to a continuous, increasing
      work rate test to exhaustion on a wheelchair ergometer. Heart rate, ventilation,
      O2 uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation equivalent for O2, and O2
      pulse were determined for each minute. Subjects were divided into tetraplegic (n
      = 8), high-lesion paraplegic (n = 6), and low-lesion paraplegic (n = 7) groups.
      Linear regression analyses, with O2 uptake as the independent variable, were used
      to determine the strength of relationships within each group and differences
      between groups in slopes and intercepts of regression equations. All variables
      were significantly (P less than 0.05) related to O2 uptake (r = 0.42-0.94). The
      only significant difference between the high- and low-lesion paraplegic groups
      was for heart rate intercept, as the heart rate for the low-lesion group tended
      to be lower at any given O2 uptake. Tetraplegics had a higher intercept and/or
      slope for ventilation equivalent, ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio and
      lower intercepts for heart rate and O2 pulse. These differences in responses to a
      progressive exercise task are logically related to the differences in maximal O2
      uptake, functional muscle mass, and vasomotor and cardiac control of the groups.

PMID- 4030568
TI  - Testosterone and muscle hypertrophy in female rats.
AB  - The effects of chronic treatment with testosterone propionate on compensatory
      muscle hypertrophy secondary to synergist removal were studied in female rats.
      Synergist removal resulted in a significant (2-fold) increase in muscle wet
      weight, with no changes in protein concentration. As reported previously,
      oxidation of [2-14C]pyruvate to 14CO2 was significantly decreased in hypertrophic
      muscles. In addition, malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities
      were significantly decreased in overloaded muscles on a wet weight basis but not
      on the basis of noncollagen protein. These data suggest that specific metabolic
      adaptations may occur in response to overload of muscle. Administration of
      testosterone propionate in subcutaneously implanted Silastic capsules resulted in
      a 20-fold increase in serum testosterone levels. This treatment had no effect on
      body weight, muscle weight, pyruvate oxidation, or malate and lactate
      dehydrogenase activities in both control and hypertrophic muscles, although there
      was an effect on the noncollagen protein content of overloaded muscles. These
      results do not support the hypothesis that androgens, in conjunction with weight
      bearing exercise in female subjects, are effective in increasing muscle mass or
      function in female subjects.

PMID- 4030569
TI  - Comparison of thermal responses between rest and leg exercise in water.
AB  - This study examined both the thermal and metabolic responses of individuals in
      cool (30 degrees C, n = 9) and cold (18 degrees C, n = 7; 20 degrees C, n = 2)
      water. Male volunteers were immersed up to the neck for 1 h during both seated
      rest (R) and leg exercise (LE). In 30 degrees C water, metabolic rate (M)
      remained unchanged over time during both R (115 W, 60 min) and LE (528 W, 60
      min). Mean skin temperature (Tsk) declined (P less than 0.05) over 1 h during R,
      while Tsk was unchanged during LE. Rectal (Tre) and esophageal (Tes) temperatures
      decreased (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tre, -0.5 degrees C; delta Tes, -0.3
      degrees C) and increased (P less than 0.05) during LE (delta Tre, 0.4 degrees C;
      Tsk, 0.4 degrees C). M, Tsk, Tre, and Tes were higher (P less than 0.05) during
      LE compared with R. In cool water, all regional heat flows (leg, chest, and arm)
      were generally greater (P less than 0.05) during LE than R. In cold water, M
      increased (P less than 0.05) over 1 h during R but remained unchanged during LE.
      Tre decreased (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tre, -0.8 degrees C) but was
      unchanged during LE. Tes declined (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tes, -0.4
      degrees C) but increased (P less than 0.05) during LE (delta Tes, 0.2 degrees C).
      M, Tre, and Tes were higher (P less than 0.05), whereas Tsk was not different
      during LE compared with R at 60 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030570
TI  - Effects of histamine on bronchial artery blood flow and bronchomotor tone.
AB  - The effects of aerosolized 5% histamine (10 breaths) on bronchial artery blood
      flow (Qbr), airflow resistance (RL), and pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics were
      studied in mechanically ventilated sheep anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium.
      Histamine increased mean Qbr and RL to 252 +/- 45 and 337 +/- 53% of base line,
      respectively. This effect was significantly different from base line for 30 min
      after challenge. The histamine-induced increase in RL was blocked by pretreatment
      with the histamine H1 receptor antagonist, chlorpheniramine, whereas the
      histamine-induced elevation in Qbr was prevented by the H2 antagonist, metiamide.
      Both responses were blocked only when both antagonists were present. Changes in
      Qbr were not directly associated with alterations in systemic and pulmonary
      hemodynamics or arterial blood gas composition. In vitro histamine caused a dose
      dependent contraction of ovine bronchial artery strips that was prevented by H1
      antagonist. The H2 agonist, impromidine, caused relaxation of precontracted
      arterial strips and was more potent and efficacious than histamine, whereas H1
      agonists failed to elicit a relaxant response. Thus these findings indicate that
      histamine aerosol induces a vasodilation in the bronchial vascular bed; histamine
      has a direct effect on Qbr that is independent of alterations in RL, systemic and
      pulmonary hemodynamics, or arterial blood gas composition; and, histamine-induced
      bronchoconstriction is mediated predominantly by H1-receptors, whereas increased
      Qbr is controlled predominantly by H2-receptors, probably located in resistance
      vessels. This local effect of histamine on Qbr may have important implications in
      the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma and pulmonary edema.

PMID- 4030571
TI  - Respiratory resistance in dogs by the single-breath and the forced oscillation
      methods.
AB  - Total respiratory resistance (Rrs) was measured in six anesthetized dogs with two
      different methods: the single-breath (SB) method, which provides the time
      constant of the system during a relaxed expiration and the forced oscillation
      (FO) method, which uses a pseudorandom noise signal applied at the airway
      opening. The comparison was made in three conditions: before muscle paralysis
      (A), after muscle paralysis (B), and after tracheal banding (C). In conditions A
      and B the two computed resistances correlated very well with each other (r =
      0.98). No systematic difference between Rrs values obtained with the two methods
      was found. In condition C the respiratory resistance was clearly nonlinear from
      the flow-volume curves during SB and could be described with Rohrer's equation:
      Rrs = K1 X V + K2 X V2, where K1 and K2 are Kohrer's constant and V is flow. Rrs
      measured with FO was not frequency dependent during tracheal banding (C) and was
      virtually equivalent to K1. Since the FO method uses low flows as the input of
      the respiratory system and K1 could be ascribed to laminar flow, the numerical
      matching appears reasonable and tends to reinforce the validity of both methods
      of measurement. We conclude that, for the normal respiratory system, FO and SB
      methods are approximately equivalent. In the presence of a markedly alinear
      central airway resistance with normal lungs, the SB method appears to provide a
      more adequate description of the flow-resistive properties of the system.

PMID- 4030572
TI  - A technique for unilateral instillation of agents into the rat lung.
AB  - We describe a technique for unilateral instillation of agents into the right lung
      of rats. We intubated rats perorally with a 16-gauge flexible polyethylene
      catheter and through it introduced narrow-bore (less than 1 mm diam) polyethylene
      tubing into the trachea and beyond the carina into the right main-stem bronchus.
      This maneuver was facilitated by placing the animal supine with the cephalad end
      tilted up and the right side tilted down. We tested the effectiveness of our
      technique by instilling Evans blue dye into the right lung of 14 rats and
      spectrophotometrically quantitating the amount of dye present in homogenates from
      each lobe of the right and left lungs. Ninety-seven percent of the instilled dye
      was recovered from the right lung, and distribution of dye per gram of tissue was
      uniform among the four lobes. The technique described should be useful in
      producing severe degrees of unilateral lung injury and fibrosis in rodents
      without the high mortality that can be associated with bilateral lung injury.

PMID- 4030573
TI  - Diaphragmatic pressures: transvenous vs. direct phrenic nerve stimulation.
AB  - Diaphragmatic force, determined by stimulating the phrenic nerve while
      simultaneously measuring the pressures in a closed respiratory system, was
      assessed in five anesthetized dogs over a 5-h period to evaluate the inherent
      variability of this technique. Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) was measured at
      functional residual capacity during stimulation (120 Hz, 0.2-ms duration) of one
      phrenic nerve by either direct phrenic nerve stimulation (DPNS) or transvenous
      phrenic nerve stimulation (TPNS). An analysis of variance showed no significant
      (P greater than 0.50) change during the 5-h period. There was a significant
      correlation (r = 0.94, P less than 0.001) between Pdi obtained by TPNS and that
      obtained by DPNS. It is concluded that either DPNS or TPNS can be used to
      evaluate diaphragmatic strength over a 5-h period and that TPNS can be used in
      lieu of DPNS.

PMID- 4030574
TI  - Moment analysis of multibreath nitrogen washout in young children.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether on-line computerized moment
      analysis of multibreath N2 washout (MBNW) could be used as a method of estimating
      lung function in children too young to cooperate with routine pulmonary function
      testing. The limits of normal variability were determined from results obtained
      from duplicate studies performed on 36 healthy children ages 3-6 yr. Five healthy
      adults were studied for comparison. Test sensitivity was estimated by comparing
      the results in the healthy group to those of 10 age-matched children with cystic
      fibrosis (CF). Outcome variables of interest included functional residual
      capacity, the first-to-zeroth moment ratio (M1/M0), the second-to-zeroth moment
      ratio (M2/M0), and the lung clearance index. Test precision in the healthy group
      was high with the intrasubject coefficient of variation for all variables being
      less than 10%. There was no difference in mean within- or among-subject
      variability between the healthy children and the older, theoretically more
      cooperative, healthy adults. Mean M1/M0 and M2/M0 were both higher in CF than in
      the healthy group, 2.69 vs. 2.32 and 13.04 vs. 9.31, respectively (P less than
      0.001). Moment ratios in CF showed good negative correlations with Shwachman
      scores; thus those CF patients with the most advanced lung disease had the
      highest moment ratios and vice versa. Moment analysis of MBNW has promise as a
      means of quantifying lung function in young children, since the method is
      noninvasive, low in inherent variability, requires only quiet breathing, and has
      the sensitivity required to detect rather mild ventilation inhomogeneity.

PMID- 4030575
TI  - Increased gravitational stress does not alter maximum expiratory flow.
AB  - We measured maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves in six seated subjects
      during normal (+1 Gz) and increased (+2 and +3 Gz) gravitational stress. Full
      MEFV curves, initiated at total lung capacity, were recorded, as were partial
      MEFV curves, initiated at approximately 60% of the vital capacity. Data were
      acquired in all subjects breathing air at +1 and +2 Gz; results were available
      for three subjects breathing 80% He-20% O2 at +1 and +2 Gz, and in two subjects,
      results were obtained at +3 Gz. Changes in gravitational stress were not
      associated with changes of either full or partial MEFV curves. The known increase
      in differences of regional lung volume and recoil caused by increased
      gravitational stress did not influence maximum expiratory flow. Though increased
      gravitational stress probably changed regional emptying sequences little during
      full MEFV maneuvers, substantial changes of emptying sequence were expected
      during partial maneuvers. It is possible that such changes in emptying sequence
      occurred but were not associated with changes in maximum flow because the latter
      was determined by choking in central airways common to all regions.

PMID- 4030576
TI  - Pressure-flow relationships of endotracheal tubes during high-frequency
      ventilation.
AB  - We studied the pressure-flow relationships of various endotracheal tubes (ETT) at
      frequencies (f) and tidal volumes (VT) in the range used for high-frequency
      ventilation (HFV) (f: 2-32 Hz, VT: 15-100 ml). Sinusoidal flows were applied to
      ETT inserted into a rigid bottle or into the tracheae of three anesthetized
      paralyzed dogs, while pressure fluctuations were measured both proximal and
      distal to the ETT. The pressure drops in the ETT were nonlinearly related to the
      peak flow rate and were VT dependent, suggesting that turbulent frictional head
      loss and convective acceleration were important. The pressure drops measured in
      vitro were found to be in good agreement with the predictions of a nonlinear
      oscillatory pressure-flow equation (derived herein), which incorporate the
      effects of turbulent frictional losses, convective acceleration, inertance, and
      compliance. The pressure drops measured in situ were 30-50% higher than with the
      corresponding f-VT combinations in vitro. Possible explanations of these
      differences are junctional losses at the tip of the ETT or the nonrigid character
      of the trachea.

PMID- 4030577
TI  - Promethazine or DPPD pretreatment attenuates oleic acid-induced injury in
      isolated canine lungs.
AB  - Oleic acid causes pulmonary edema by increasing capillary endothelial
      permeability, although the mechanism of this action is uncertain. We tested the
      hypothesis that the damage is an oxidant injury initiated by oleic acid, using
      isolated blood-perfused canine lung lobes. The lobes were dilated with papaverine
      and perfused in zone III with a constant airway pressure of 3 cmH2O. Changes in
      isogravimetric capillary pressure (Pc,i) and capillary filtration coefficient
      (Kf,C) were used as indices of alterations in microvascular permeability in lungs
      treated with silicone fluid (n = 3), oleic acid (n = 11), oleic acid after
      pretreatment with the antioxidants promethazine HCl (n = 11) or N,N'-diphenyl-p
      phenylenediamine (DPPD; n = 4), or oleic acid following pretreatment with
      methylprednisolone (n = 4). Kf,C averaged 0.21 +/- 0.02 ml X min-1 X cmH2O-1 X
      100 g-1 in control and increased to 0.55 +/- 0.05 and 0.47 +/- 0.05 when measured
      20 and 180 min after the administration of oleic acid. When oleic acid was
      infused into lungs pretreated with promethazine, Kf,C increased to only 0.38 +/-
      0.05 ml X min-1 X cmH2O-1 X 100 g-1 after 20 min and had returned to control
      levels by 180 min. Pretreatment with DPPD, but not methylprednisolone, similarly
      attenuated the increase in Kf,C following oleic acid. Silicone fluid had no
      effect on Kf,C. That oleic acid increases vascular permeability was also
      evidenced by a fall (P less than 0.05) in Pc,i from control when measured at 180
      min in every group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030578
TI  - Mechanical output following muscle stretch in forearm supination against inertial
      loads.
AB  - Muscle stretch enhances force produced in both single fibers and voluntarily
      activated human muscle. This study determined how initial conditions of muscle
      stretch (and associated eccentric work), muscle length, and load inertia
      contributed to human concentric muscular output during maximal voluntary forearm
      supination. Outputs of angular velocity and concentric work over specific
      displacements and times of motion were calculated. Multiple regression analysis
      was performed using these outputs and initial conditions as dependent and
      independent variables, respectively. Initial conditions were shown to be
      significant and systematic determinants of muscle output in concentric
      contraction. Evidence of a temporary shift in the force-velocity curve was found
      and discussed regarding its beneficial contribution to load movement. Greater
      benefit was considered to be due to the fact that muscle stretch allows time for
      achievement of maximal muscular recruitment prior to concentric contraction. This
      produces large forces at the onset of the concentric phase, in comparison with
      contractions starting from rest. These findings were discussed with regard to
      both single- and multi-segment movement patterns.

PMID- 4030579
TI  - Treadmill vs. floor walking: kinematics, electromyogram, and heart rate.
AB  - To identify the degree of difference between treadmill and floor walking,
      kinematic, electromyographic (EMG), and heart rate measurements were recorded in
      seven normal female subjects during walking at three speeds on the treadmill and
      on the floor. During treadmill walking, subjects tended to use a faster cadence
      and shorter stride length than during floor walking. In addition the
      displacements of the head, hip, and ankle in the sagittal plane showed
      statistically significant differences between floor and treadmill walking.
      Average EMG activity was usually greater on the treadmill than on the floor;
      however, this difference was only significant for the quadriceps. Heart rate was
      significantly higher during fast treadmill walking than floor walking. In
      general, treadmill walking was not found to differ markedly from floor walking in
      kinematic measurements or EMG patterns.

PMID- 4030580
TI  - Circulatory adaptation to bimodal respiration in the dipnoan lungfish.
AB  - In the dipnoan lungfish, Protopterus aethiopicus, P. annectens, and Lepidosiren
      paradoxa, the ductus is a short powerful muscular vascular trunk forming a
      channel for communication between the systemic and pulmonary circulations. In
      structure, the dipnoan ductus is very similar to the ductus arteriosus (Botalli)
      in the mammal. Innervation is abundant, consisting of myelinated and
      nonmyelinated nerve fibers issuing, at least in part, from the vagus. Neurons are
      present in the adventitia, and numerous nerve profiles, filled with small
      agranular vesicles, are closely associated with the myocytes, suggesting strong
      cholinergic control. Perfusion of the ductus in vitro using hypoxic saline causes
      it to dilate; conversely it is constricted by alpha-agonists. Dopamine and
      prostaglandin E2 are potent dilators, whereas the beta-agonist, isoproterenol,
      and acetylcholine are less powerful. A vasomotor segment has been identified on
      the pulmonary artery (PAVS) close to its junction with the ductus. Its location
      and structure are similar to the corresponding segment in amphibians and
      reptiles. It is innervated by endings filled with small clear vesicles. Granular
      vesicle cells are also present within the adventitia. The PAVS is constricted by
      acetylcholine. As in amphibians, alpha-agonists and hypoxic saline are without
      vasomotor effects. Based on the anatomic and physiological observations, a
      concept of cyclic perfusion of the gas exchangers in Dipnoi is proposed. During
      the alternation between air breathing (emersion) and apneic phases (immersion),
      the pattern of the circulation in the lungfish oscillates between that of a
      tetrapod and a fish.

PMID- 4030581
TI  - Mechanical aspects of chest wall distortion.
AB  - During passive inflation of the respiratory system, the rib cage (RC) expands
      because the pressure applied to it [approximately equal to abdominal pressure
      (Pab)] increases. Similar Pab-tidal volume (VT) relationships between passive and
      spontaneous inspirations would occur only if 1) Pab acts on RC equally in the two
      situations (no distortion) or 2) the extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles
      expand RC, compensating for distortion. In anesthetized adult rats and in
      sleeping human infants the passive relationships between VT and Pab or abdomen
      motion (AB) were constructed by occluding the airways during expiration. For a
      given Pab (or AB) in active breathing VT averaged 55% (rats) and 49% (infants) of
      the passive volume change. With phrenic stimulation in rats VT was only slightly
      less than during spontaneous breathing, indicating that, in the latter case, the
      respiratory system was essentially driven only by the diaphragm. In both species
      occasional breaths with large RC expansion occurred, and VT was then equal to or
      larger than the passive volume at iso-Pab. We conclude that 1) RC distortion
      decreases VT to approximately half of the passive value and 2) being on the
      relaxation curve reflects "compensated" distortion and not absence of it.

PMID- 4030582
TI  - Measurement of bronchial arterial blood flow and bronchovascular resistance in
      sheep.
AB  - We studied the bronchial arterial blood flow (Qbr) and bronchial vascular
      resistance (BVR) in sheep prepared with carotid-bronchial artery shunt. Nine
      adult sheep were anesthetized, and through a left thoracotomy a heparinized
      Teflon-tipped Silastic catheter was introduced into the bronchial artery. The
      other end of the catheter was brought out through the chest wall and through a
      neck incision was introduced into the carotid artery. A reservoir filled with
      warm heparinized blood was connected to this shunt. The height of blood column in
      the reservoir was kept constant at 150 cm by adding more blood. Qbr was measured,
      after interrupting the carotid-bronchial artery flow, by the changes in the
      reservoir volume. The bronchial arterial back pressure (Pbr) was measured through
      the shunt when both carotid-bronchial artery and reservoir Qbr had been
      temporarily interrupted. The mean Qbr was 34.1 +/- 2.9 (SE) ml/min, Pbr = 17.5 +/
      3.3 cmH2O, BVR = 3.9 +/- 0.5 cmH2O X ml-1 X min, mean pulmonary arterial
      pressure = 21.5 +/- 3.6 cmH2O, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Ppcw) =
      14.3 +/- 3.7 cmH2O. We further studied the effect of increased left atrial
      pressure on these parameters by inflating a balloon in the left atrium. The left
      atrial balloon inflation increased Ppcw to 25.3 +/- 3.1 cmH2O, Qbr decreased to
      21.8 +/- 2.4 ml/min (P less than 0.05), and BVR increased to 5.5 +/- 1.0 cmH2O.ml
      1.min (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030583
TI  - Torque-velocity characteristics and muscle fiber type in human vastus lateralis.
AB  - The relationship between torque-velocity characteristics of the knee extensors
      during isokinetic contractions and muscle fiber type of the vastus lateralis,
      determined from two muscle biopsy samples, was investigated in 12 male and 18
      female subjects. Peak torque, corrected for the effect of gravity and impact
      artifact, was classified as corrected peak torque. The torque measured 30 degrees
      from full extension and, corrected for gravity, was classified as corrected
      torque at 30 degrees. No significant correlations were found between the
      percentage of fast-twitch fibers (%FT) or the relative area of FT fibers (%FTA)
      and corrected peak torque values for any of the velocities tested or the knee
      angles where corrected peak torques were measured. However, significant inverse
      relationships were determined for corrected torque at 30 degrees at all but the
      fastest velocity (270 degrees/s) and both %FT and %FTA for the male subjects.
      These results reveal that muscle fiber type of the vastus lateralis, based on
      duplicate muscle samples, is not related to the peak torque actually generated by
      the knee extensors but may influence the shape of the torque output for maximal
      contractions sustained over the entire range of motion.

PMID- 4030584
TI  - Endurance training in humans: aerobic capacity and structure of skeletal muscle.
AB  - The adaptation of muscle structure, power output, and mass-specific rate of
      maximal O2 consumption (VO2max/Mb) with endurance training on bicycle ergometers
      was studied for five male and five female subjects. Biopsies of vastus lateralis
      muscle and VO2max determinations were made at the start and end of 6 wk of
      training. The power output maintained on the ergometer daily for 30 min was
      adjusted to achieve a heart rate exceeding 85% of the maximum for two-thirds of
      the training session. It is proposed that the observed preferential proliferation
      of subsarcolemmal vs. interfibrillar mitochondria and the increase in
      intracellular lipid deposits are two possible mechanisms by which muscle cells
      adapt to an increased use of fat as a fuel. The relative increase of VO2max/Mb
      (14%) with training was found to be smaller by more than twofold than the
      relative increase in maximal maintained power (33%) and the relative change in
      the volume density of total mitochondria (+40%). However, the calculated VO2
      required at an efficiency of 0.25 to produce the observed mass-specific increase
      in maximal maintained power matched the actual increase in VO2max/Mb (8.0 and 6.5
      ml O2 X min-1 X kg-1, respectively). These results indicate that despite
      disparate relative changes the absolute change in aerobic capacity at the local
      level (maintained power) can account for the increase in aerobic capacity
      observed at the general level (VO2max).

PMID- 4030585
TI  - Airway resistance and respiratory muscle function in snorers during NREM sleep.
AB  - The effect of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep on total pulmonary resistance
      (RL) and respiratory muscle function was determined in four snorers and four
      nonsnorers. RL at peak flow increased progressively from wakefulness through the
      stages of NREM sleep in all snorers (3.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 13.0 +/- 4.0 cmH2O X 0.1(-1)
      X s) and nonsnorers (4.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 7.5 +/- 1.1 cmH2O X 1(-1) X s). Snorers
      developed inspiratory flow limitation and progressive increase in RL within a
      breath. The increased RL placed an increased resistive load on the inspiratory
      muscles, increasing the pressure-time product for the diaphragm between
      wakefulness and NREM sleep. Tidal volume and minute ventilation decreased in all
      subjects. The three snorers who showed the greatest increase in within-breath RL
      demonstrated an increase in the contribution of the lateral rib cage to tidal
      volume, a contraction of the abdominal muscles during a substantial part of
      expiration, and an abrupt relaxation of abdominal muscles at the onset of
      inspiration. We concluded that the magnitude of increase in RL leads to dynamic
      compression of the upper airway during inspiration, marked distortion of the rib
      cage, recruitment of the intercostal muscles, and an increased contribution of
      expiratory muscles to inspiration. This increased RL acts as an internal
      resistive load that probably contributes to hypoventilation and CO2 retention in
      NREM sleep.

PMID- 4030586
TI  - Effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on H+ and K+ flux in exercising humans.
AB  - The effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade (beta B) on muscle release and uptake of
      H+ and K+ in humans during maximal exercise has been investigated. Eight
      volunteers cycled intermittently at power outputs corresponding to 100% of
      maximal O2 uptake. Prior to exercise either propranolol (beta B) or saline
      (control) was infused into the femoral vein. Arterial and femoral venous blood
      samples were drawn at rest, during exercise, and during 30-min recovery. Peak
      arterial blood values for K+, lactic acid (LA), and base deficit (BD) (mean +/-
      SE) were respectively 5.5 +/- 0.1, 9.5 +/- 0.6, and 11.7 +/- 0.9 mmol/l during
      beta B and 5.1 +/- 0.1, 8.3 +/- 0.6, and 10.3 +/- 1.0 for control (P less than
      0.05). The release of K+ from the working leg did not differ between treatments
      during exercise, but K+ uptake during late recovery (5-30 min) was slightly lower
      during beta B. Thus the higher arterial K+ levels during exercise (beta B) cannot
      be attributed to greater release by active muscle but are likely due to decreased
      K+ uptake by noncontracting muscle. Arterial-femoral venous differences for LA
      and BD did not differ significantly between treatments. Additionally LA exchange
      across the leg was similar to H+ exchange (arterial-femoral venous differences
      for BD) under all conditions. During early recovery (1-5 min), regardless of
      experimental treatment, BD levels iin arterial blood were higher than LA (P less
      than 0.05). These elevated BD levels may be due to unequal removal rates between
      LA and H+ equivalents by nonexercised tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030587
TI  - Differences in endogenous pyrogen fevers induced by iv and icv routes in rabbits.
AB  - We have compared the characteristics of fevers produced by endogenous pyrogen
      administered by the intravenous (iv) and by the intracerebroventricular (icv)
      routes in conscious rabbits. Fevers induced by the intracerebroventricular route
      have a longer latency to onset, a less steep rise in body temperature, and a
      longer time to peak elevation in body temperature than do fevers induced by the
      intravenous route. Furthermore, a dose of indomethacin (2 mg/kg) administered
      intravenously, which is effective in markedly attenuating fevers produced by the
      intravenous route, was completely without effect on fevers induced by the
      intracerebroventricular route. On the other hand, when indomethacin (500
      micrograms) was infused intracerebroventricularly, it markedly reduced fevers
      induced by the subsequent injection of endogenous pyrogen into the contralateral
      cerebral ventricle, but such pretreatment had little effect on fevers elicited by
      intravenous injections of endogenous pyrogen. It is concluded that the sites of
      action of endogenous pyrogen in response to intravenous injections of pyrogen are
      different from those responding to intracerebroventricular injections of pyrogen
      and that this is manifest in several distinct differences in the characteristics
      of the two fevers. These results indicate that the intracerebroventricular model
      of fever production is not appropriate for the study of the normal pathogenesis
      of fever.

PMID- 4030588
TI  - Blood viscosity responses to maximal exercise in endurance-trained and sedentary
      female subjects.
AB  - To assess whether the rheological properties of blood might be altered by
      exercise, we measured whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and its components
      in healthy female subjects before, immediately after, and 1 h after maximal
      upright exercise using the Bruce graded exercise protocol. Forty-seven female
      subjects (15 sedentary, 14 who ran 5-15 miles/wk, and 18 who ran greater than 50
      miles/wk), ages 18-43 yr, were evaluated. Whole blood viscosity, measured with a
      cone and plate viscometer, increased an average of 12.6% with exercise. The
      increase was greater than can be attributed to the observed 8.9% increase in
      hematocrit alone due to a coincident increase in plasma protein concentration.
      However, plasma viscosity did not rise to the degree expected, likely due to a
      disproportionate observed loss of fibrinogen from the protein pool. These changes
      were independent of conditioning level or aerobic capacity. In this cross
      sectional study, there appears to be no adaptive adjustment in females to
      physical conditioning that results in changes in blood viscosity.

PMID- 4030589
TI  - Pulmonary and cardiovascular changes in hyperreactive rats from citric acid
      aerosols.
AB  - Administration of aerosols of citric acid to anesthetized spontaneously breathing
      hyperreactive rats produced reversible increases in respiratory rate (f) and
      pleural pressure (Ppl) accompanied by hypotension and bradycardia. In contrast,
      Fischer rats, which do not have bronchial hyperreactivity, failed to respond to
      citric acid aerosols. The effects of various treatments on citric acid-induced
      changes in f, Ppl and blood pressure were studied. Vagotomy, cromolyn sodium (1
      and 10 mg/kg iv), mecamylamine, (2 mg/kg iv), FPL-55712 (3 mg/kg iv), and BW 755C
      (10 mg/kg iv) inhibited markedly the responses to citric acid, whereas atropine
      (2 mg/kg iv) produced weak inhibition. Methysergide (1 mg/kg iv), indomethacin (1
      mg/kg iv), and a prostanoid antagonist, L-640,035, (5 mg/kg iv) were completely
      ineffective. The results suggest that citric acid-induced bronchoconstriction in
      hyperreactive rats may be reflex mediated and that leukotrienes may be involved
      in the response.

PMID- 4030590
TI  - Mechanical impedance as determinant of inspiratory neural drive during exercise
      in humans.
AB  - Five healthy males exercised progressively with small 2-min increments in work
      load. We measured inspiratory drive (occlusion pressure, P0.1), pulmonary
      resistance (RL), dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn), transdiaphragmatic pressure
      (Pdi), and diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMGdi). Minute ventilation (VE), mean
      inspiratory flow rate (VT/TI), and P0.1 all increased exponentially with
      increased work load, but P0.1 increased at a faster rate than did VT/TI or VE.
      Thus effective impedance (P0.1/VT/TI) rose throughout exercise. The increasing
      P0.1 was mostly due to augmented Pdi and coincided with increased EMGdi during
      this initial portion of inspiration. We found no consistent change in RL or Cdyn
      throughout exercise. With He breathing (80% He-20% O2), RL was reduced at all
      work loads; P0.1 fell in comparison with air-breathing values and VE, VT, and
      VT/TI rose in moderate and heavy work; and P0.1/VT/TI was unchanged with
      increasing exercise loads. Step reductions in gas density at a constant work load
      of any intensity showed an immediate reduction in the rate of rise of EMGdi and
      Pdi followed by increased VT/TI, breathing frequency, and hypocapnia. These
      changes were maintained during prolonged periods of unloading and were
      immediately reversible on return to air breathing. These data are consistent with
      the existence of a reflex effect on the magnitude of inspiratory neural drive
      during exercise that is sensitive to the load presented by the normal mechanical
      time constant of the respiratory system. This "load" is a significant determinant
      of the hyperpneic response and thus of the maintenance of normocapnia during
      exercise.

PMID- 4030591
TI  - Function of mature coronary collateral vessels and cardiac performance in the
      exercising dog.
AB  - Formation of extensive collateral vessels after chronic constriction of a
      coronary artery in dogs can provide for similar increases in blood flow to native
      and collateralized regions of myocardium during exertion. Previous investigations
      have not compared myocardial blood flow and cardiac functional responses during
      exercise in constricted and nonconstricted (sham) animals. Thus we evaluated left
      ventricular performance and myocardial blood flow at rest and during mild,
      moderate, and severe exertion in sham-operated dogs and in dogs 2-3 mo after
      placement of an Ameroid occluder around the proximal left circumflex artery.
      Changes in double product, maximal left ventricular dP/dt, and pressure-work
      index were similar in both groups for each level of exertion. Despite similar
      increases in estimated myocardial O2 demand and similar diastolic perfusion
      pressures, average transmural myocardial blood flow increased less in the
      constrictor animals, particularly during severe exercise (2.74 +/- 0.22 vs. 1.45
      +/- 0.29 ml X min-1 X g-1). The smaller increases in blood flow occurred equally
      in native and collateralized regions as well as in the papillary muscles and
      boundary areas between the native and collateralized regions. The differences in
      flow in the native and collateralized regions were uniform across the wall of the
      myocardium. We also observed smaller increases in stroke volume and cardiac
      output in the constrictor group, disparities which increased with increasing
      exertion (stroke volume, severe exercise = 0.92 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.53 +/- 0.09
      ml/kg). We postulate that myocardial active hyperemia is limited either because
      the coronary vessels remaining after chronic circumflex occlusion cannot dilate
      sufficiently or that there is inappropriate active vasoconstriction during severe
      exertion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030592
TI  - Human esophageal pressures and chest wall configuration in upright and head-down
      posture.
AB  - Pressures were measured at two levels in the esophagus in 14 young healthy
      subjects performing slow inspiratory and expiratory vital capacity (VC) maneuvers
      in upright and head-down posture (180 degrees body tilt). In both postures, a
      gravitational pressure gradient was found, which increased very slightly with
      decreasing lung volumes (0.006 cmH2O X % VC-1 X cm descent-1) except for upright
      expiratory curves above 60% VC. The expiratory pressure gradient tended to be
      larger in head-down than in upright posture; however, during inspiration the
      opposite was true. In both postures the pressure change between 100 and 20% VC
      was smaller in the uppermost zone, which is consistent with the smaller changes
      in alveolar expansion in this zone. Also, in seven of the subjects, changes in
      cross-sectional area of the middle and lower part of the rib cage (HRC and LRC)
      and of the abdomen (ABD) were measured by respiratory inductive plethysmography
      in upright and head-down posture. The ratio of HRC motion to LRC motion was
      constant throughout the VC and did not change with posture, yet the ratio of ABD
      motion to mean RC motion changed with overall volume and was also larger in head
      down than in upright posture. In conclusion, the changes in esophageal pressure
      gradient during slow VC maneuvers in head-down vs. upright posture were not
      related to (and thus not caused by) changes in chest wall configuration.

PMID- 4030593
TI  - Acclimation of rats following stepwise or direct exposure to heat.
AB  - The physiological changes in male rats during acclimation were studied following
      direct or stepwise exposure to heat (32.5 degrees C) in a controlled-environment
      room. The animals were exposed to each temperature for 10 days beginning at 24.5
      degrees C and returning to 24.5 degrees C in the reverse order of initial
      exposure. Relative humidity of 50 +/- 2% and a 12-h light-dark photoperiod (light
      from 0900 to 2100 h) were maintained. Physiological changes in metabolic rate
      (MR), evaporative water loss (EWL), plasma corticosterone, body water turnover,
      and food and water intake were measured. The results indicate a significantly (P
      less than 0.001) elevated plasma corticosterone and MR in rats exposed directly
      to heat from control temperature (24.5 degrees C) but not in those animals
      exposed stepwise via 29.0 degrees C. All kinetic parameters of water pool changed
      (P less than 0.01) on direct exposure to heat, whereas rats exposed in a stepwise
      manner increased only pool turnover. In addition, exposure to experimental
      temperatures resulted in reduced (P less than 0.05) relative food intake and
      increased (P less than 0.05) water intake. Compared with the control condition of
      24.5 degrees C, EWL was significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated when the
      animals were exposed either directly or in a stepwise fashion to 32.5 degrees C.
      These data suggest that the response to elevated temperatures is influenced by
      the temperature to which the rat is acclimated.

PMID- 4030594
TI  - Effect of thermal history on the rat's response to varying environmental
      temperature.
AB  - After acclimating individually housed male rats to temperatures of either 24.5 +/
      0.1 or 29.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C for 14 days, randomly paired animals from each
      group were acutely exposed (3 h) in series to experimental temperatures between
      18.0 and 34.5 degrees C in a controlled environment room. Relative humidity of 50
      +/- 0.3% and a 12-h light-dark photoperiod (light from 0900 to 2100 h) were
      maintained. Metabolic rate (MR) and evaporative water loss (EWL) were-measured
      using an open-flow system; thermistors were used to measure the rectal (Tre) and
      tail skin (Tts) temperatures. MR was relatively constant over a temperature range
      of 22.2 to 27.0 degrees C for rats acclimated to 24.5 degrees C and 20.0 to 29.2
      degrees C for rats acclimated to 29.2 degrees C. Above and below these ranges, MR
      for both groups was significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated. At their
      respective acclimation temperatures, the absolute Tre and Tts of 29.2 degrees C
      rats were maintained at an elevated level compared with 24.5 degrees C rats.
      Although EWL for both groups was relatively constant between 18.0 and 27.0
      degrees C, 24.5 degrees C rats displayed higher EWL changes at most environmental
      temperatures above 27.0 degrees C. At 34.5 degrees C, 29.2 degrees C rats
      dissipated 26% more metabolic heat by evaporation compared with 24.5 degrees C
      rats. These data suggest that acclimation temperatures of rats affected the
      thermoneutral zone and alter the set-point temperature around which thermal
      responses are regulated.

PMID- 4030595
TI  - Effect of alcohol on apnea reflexes in young lambs.
AB  - This study examined the effect of alcohol on two apnea reflexes considered to be
      protective mechanisms through which animals and humans preserve vital functions
      while they are submerged in water. The laryngeal chemoreflex and the trigeminal
      diving reflex were studied in unanesthetized 1- to 3-wk-old lambs. Reflex
      stimulation resulted in reduced ventilation or apnea, bradycardia, hypertension,
      and blood flow redistribution in the dive pattern. After alcohol, reflex
      stimulation resulted in increased apnea response, preserved blood flow
      redistribution, but less hypertension. The onset of regular breathing following
      laryngeal water stimulation was significantly delayed, after alcohol, and
      mechanical ventilation was used in three lambs to terminate the prolonged
      poststimulus apnea. Airway occlusion pressure, an index of neuromuscular
      inspiratory drive, decreased significantly after alcohol. The study demonstrates
      a potent effect of alcohol on apnea reflex responses. The effect of alcohol on
      respiratory drive and on the apnea reflex response should be considered when
      humans ingest alcohol, in particular by those participating in water sports.

PMID- 4030596
TI  - Effect of distortion on the mechanical properties of newborn piglet lung.
AB  - During breathing the relatively high chest wall-to-lung compliance ratio of the
      newborn favors distortion of the respiratory system. In this study we have
      examined the effect of lung deformation, generated by a hydrostatic pleural
      surface pressure gradient, on the static (Cstat) and dynamic (Cdyn) compliance of
      the isolated newborn piglet lung. Seven lungs from piglets 2-7 days old have been
      studied in a saline-filled plethysmograph. Static pressure-volume (PV) curves
      were obtained by changing the volume a known amount and measuring the
      corresponding changes in transpulmonary pressure. Dynamic PV curves were obtained
      by ventilating the lung at a fixed pressure and at 20 cycles/min. These
      experiments were repeated in an air plethysmograph on the undeformed lung. Lung
      volume history was standardized prior to each maneuver by three inflations to 20
      25 cmH2O. Lung collapse was avoided by applying an end-expiratory load equal to
      the transpulmonary pressure at functional residual capacity. Cstat was not
      significantly different between the deformed and undeformed lung (P greater than
      0.05). Cdyn was less than Cstat in both cases (P less than 0.025) and was reduced
      further by deformation (P less than 0.05). We conclude that 1) peripheral airway
      obstruction or the viscoelastic properties of the piglet lung, or both, decrease
      Cdyn, and 2) deformation increases the external (PV) respiratory work by further
      decreasing Cdyn.

PMID- 4030597
TI  - Respiratory changes in nasal muscle length.
AB  - Respiratory changes in alae nasi muscle length were recorded using sonomicrometry
      in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized tracheostomized dogs spontaneously breathing
      100% O2. Piezoelectric crystals were inserted via small incisions into the alae
      nasi of 11 animals, and bipolar fine-wire electrodes were inserted
      contralaterally in nine of the same animals. The alae nasi shortened during
      inspiration in all animals. The mean amount of shortening was 1.33 +/- 0.22% of
      resting length (LR), and the mean velocity of shortening during the first 200 ms
      was 4.60 +/- 0.69% LR/S. The onset of alae nasi shortening preceded inspiratory
      flow by 77 +/- 18 ms (P less than 0.002), at which time both alae nasi shortening
      and the moving average of electromyographic (EMG) activity had reached
      approximately one-third of their peak values. In contrast, there was a relative
      delay in alae nasi relaxation relative to the decay of alae nasi EMG at the end
      of expiration. Single-breath airway occlusions at end expiration changed the
      normally rounded pattern of alae nasi shortening and moving average EMG to a late
      inspiratory peaking pattern; both total shortening and EMG were increased by
      similar amounts. The onset of vagally mediated volume-related inhibition of alae
      nasi shortening occurred synchronously with the onset of inhibition of alae nasi
      EMG; both occurred at lung volumes substantially below tidal volume. These
      results indicate that the pattern of inspiratory shortening of this nasal
      dilating muscle is reflected closely in the pattern of EMG activity and that
      vagal afferents cause substantial inhibition of alae nasi inspiratory shortening.

PMID- 4030598
TI  - Pressor reflex evoked by muscular contraction: contributions by neuraxis levels.
AB  - The pressor reflex evoked by muscular contraction (exercise pressor reflex) is
      one important model of cardiovascular adjustments during static exercise. The
      central nervous system (CNS) structures mediating this reflex have remained
      largely obscure. Therefore, we examined the contribution of selected levels of
      the neuraxis in mediating the pressor reflex evoked by muscular contraction from
      stimulation of ventral roots. Decerebrate cats exhibited larger pressor reflexes
      than those found in intact alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats, a difference more
      apparent at low (5 Hz or repeated twitch) rather than at high (50 Hz or tetanic)
      stimulus frequencies. Although a depressor response to 5-Hz stimulation was
      observed in the intact anesthetized cats, it appeared to be primarily due to
      anesthetic level, since a depressor response was not observed in decerebrate
      animals (nonanesthetized). Cerebellectomy produced no changes in the reflexes of
      the decerebrate animal. Further transection of the neuraxis (caudal to the
      midcollicular level) attenuated the exercise pressor reflex. The spinal cat
      demonstrated slight evidence of exercise pressor reflex activity. These results
      provide clarification as to representation of this pressor reflex within the CNS
      and establish the reflex's characteristics at several levels of neuraxis
      integration.

PMID- 4030599
TI  - Effect of body orientation on regional lung expansion: a computed tomographic
      approach.
AB  - The Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor (DSR) was used to study in vivo lung geometry
      and function. By replacing the lungs of three dogs with potato flakes and ping
      pong balls of known air content and scanning these realistic phantoms in the DSR
      we have estimated accuracy of lung density to be within 7% and have demonstrated
      a high (+/- 3%) internal consistency (relative density within dogs). Change in
      total lung air content (y) as calculated from DSR volume imaging of anesthetized
      dogs matched the known inflation steps (x) to within 7% [range was 1-7% with a
      mean of 3 +/- 0.5% (SE)]. A gradient of decreasing percent lung air content was
      measured in the ventral-dorsal direction at functional residual capacity (FRC) in
      the supine body posture (y = 3.29% air content/cm lung height + 46.48% air
      content; r = 0.90). Regional lung air content change with lung inflation was
      greatest in the dependent lung regions. In contrast, regional lung air content at
      FRC was approximately uniform along the ventral-dorsal direction with the dog in
      the prone posture and was 66 +/- 0.6% (SE). Ventral-dorsal gradients in lung air
      content measured within an isogravimetric plane of the dogs in the left or right
      lateral body posture suggest that regional differences in lung air content cannot
      be explained solely on the basis of a direct gravitational effect on the lung.
      Evidence is presented to suggest a possible major role of the intrathoracic
      position of the mediastinal contents in determining these lung air content
      distributions.

PMID- 4030601
TI  - Total respiratory input and transfer impedances in humans.
AB  - Total respiratory input (Zrs,in) and transfer (Zrs,tr) impedances were obtained
      from 4 to 30 Hz in 10 healthy males by simultaneously measuring mouth and chest
      flow while applying pseudo-random pressure variations at the mouth. Compared with
      Zrs,in, the real part of Zrs,tr was larger up to 10 Hz but exhibited a much
      stronger negative frequency dependence. The imaginary part was larger at all
      frequencies, with a resonant frequency (fn) at 6.0 +/- 0.8 Hz compared with 8.2
      +/- 2.9 Hz for Zrs,in. The two impedances were analyzed with a model featuring
      airway resistance and inertance, alveolar gas compressibility, and tissue
      resistance, inertance, and compliance. A good fit was generally obtained but, in
      most cases, with a different partitioning of resistance between airway and tissue
      for Zrs,in and Zrs,tr. The data were also used to compute separately airway and
      tissue (Zt) impedances. In most subjects Zt could not be properly fitted with a
      simple resistance-inertance-compliance unit and was consistent with a slow (fn =
      7.4 +/- 2.3 Hz) overdamped compartment in parallel with a fast (fn = 37.1 +/- 5.6
      Hz) underdamped one.

PMID- 4030600
TI  - Effect of body orientation on regional lung expansion in dog and sloth.
AB  - Recent studies (E.A. Hoffman, J. Appl. Physiol. 59: 468-480, 1985) using fast
      multisliced X-ray computed tomography have demonstrated a ventral-dorsal gradient
      of fractional lung air content (3.29% air/cm lung height) in supine dogs and an
      essentially uniform ventral-dorsal air content distribution in the prone dogs
      [mean = 66 +/- 0.6% (SE) air content]. Since the prone orientation is the dog's
      normal body posture, we sought to study an animal whose normal body posture was
      "opposite" to that of the dog. Four two-toed sloths were scanned in the Dynamic
      Spatial Reconstructor in the prone and supine postures. A supine fractional air
      content gradient was demonstrated with a regression equation of y = 2.09x + 74.3
      (r = 0.92), where y is percent air content and x is vertical height in the lung,
      and ventral-dorsal air content distribution in the prone posture was uniform with
      a mean of 85 +/- 0.4% (SE) air content. The low functional residual capacity lung
      density in the sloth was attributable to unusually large alveoli. The mean heart
      volume-to-body weight ratio in the dogs was 16.4 +/- 0.6 (SE) ml/kg and that in
      the sloth was 7.3 +/- 0.4 (SE) ml/kg. Mean lung volume-to-body weight ratios for
      dogs and sloths were 57 +/- 7 (SE) and 89 +/- 6 ml/kg, respectively. Of
      particular interest was the fact that large changes in prone vs. supine rib cage
      and diaphragm geometry previously found in dogs did not occur in sloths, though
      significant alterations of ventral and dorsal lung geometry prone vs. supine were
      demonstrated, and lung shape changes in both dog and sloth are attributable to
      shifts in the intrathoracic position of mediastinal structures.

PMID- 4030602
TI  - Location of flow-limiting segments via airway catheters near residual volume in
      humans.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated sites of flow limitation in the central
      airways of dogs and humans. At low lung volumes, however, during a forced
      expiration, it is not clear whether flow-limiting segments (FLS) move into the
      lung periphery. Using intrabronchial lateral pressure catheters, we located FLS
      in human subjects at all lung volumes between functional residual capacity (FRC)
      and residual volume (RV). Three individuals with severe intracranial hemorrhage
      maintained on ventilators were studied. Partial maximal flow-volume curves were
      generated from 1 liter above FRC to RV by lowering downstream pressure and using
      the interrupter technique. Sites of FLS were defined as the most downstream
      points where lateral pressure did not change with driving pressure. FLS were
      found in all subjects in the central airways. In one subject, FLS moved from
      segmental bronchi to the first subsegmental bronchus as RV was approached but not
      beyond. In the other two subjects, FLS remained fixed in location at all measured
      lung volumes. At constant volume, multiple FLS were located, all in parallel,
      e.g., fixed in left upper, left lower, and right middle lobar bronchi. In
      conclusion, sites of flow limitation remain in the central airways as lung volume
      approaches RV. FLS may move peripherally within the central airways but not
      beyond proximal subsegmental bronchi.

PMID- 4030603
TI  - Enhancement of particle deposition by flow-limiting segments in humans.
AB  - Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with central
      deposition of inhaled aerosols. This pattern may be due to functional narrowing
      of the large airways during expiration at flow-limiting segments (FLS). Using a
      gamma camera and 2.5-micron particles, we compared the pattern of aerosol
      deposition following quiet breathing with that after a controlled forced
      expiration (cough) when FLS are known to form in central airways. Lung size
      measurement by 133Xe allowed construction of regions of interest over the central
      airways and lung periphery. Deposition in these regions was normalized for area
      and lung thickness and expressed as a central-to-peripheral (C/P) ratio. In
      addition, using right-angle light scattering, the fraction of inhaled particles
      deposited with each breath (DF) was determined. During control studies, airflow
      and tidal volume were continuously monitored to insure that tidal loops were well
      below the maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve. To create dynamic
      compression, cough was used to generate a partial MEFV curve, while inspiratory
      flow, tidal volume, and functional residual capacity were maintained close to
      quiet breathing. With cough, C/P ratios increased markedly from 1.04 +/- 0.18 to
      2.21 +/- 0.61 (P less than 0.01, n = 6). DF for the lung and airways did not
      significantly change (0.43 +/- 0.11 to 0.45 +/- 0.09, P = NS). The greater
      enhancement of regional deposition in the central airways with deposition
      unchanged over the whole lung demonstrates that, during cough, peripheral
      deposition is actually reduced when compared with quiet breathing. We conclude
      that dynamic compression at FLS can be an important factor in the central
      deposition of inhaled particles.

PMID- 4030604
TI  - Flow limitation, cough, and patterns of aerosol deposition in humans.
AB  - We studied deposition of radioactive monodisperse 1.5-micron aerosol in humans
      following inhalation during quiet breathing. Two groups were studied: normal,
      defined by tidal loops below the maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) envelope
      [forced expiratory volume at 1 s at percent of forced vital capacity (FEV1%) 62
      78]; and flow-limited, with tidal loops superimposed on MEFV relationship (FEV1%
      21-57) and flow-limiting segments (FLS) known to exist in central airways. During
      simultaneous imaging with a gamma camera, fraction of inhaled aerosol deposited
      in the lung (DF) was determined by right-angle light scattering. With regions of
      interest defined by an equilibrium image of 133Xe, regional deposition was
      normalized for area and lung thickness and expressed as a central-to-peripheral
      (C/P) ratio. Deposition was uniform throughout the lung in normal subjects [C/P
      1.02 +/- 0.07 (SD), n = 6]. In flow-limited group, central deposition
      predominated (C/P 1.98 +/- 0.64, n = 6, P less than 0.05). Tidal volume and
      inspiratory flow, forces thought to influence deposition during inspiration, were
      not different between groups. Spontaneous cough occurred in five flow-limited
      subjects during aerosol inhalation, with further increase in central deposition
      when compared with quiet breathing (C/P 1.85 +/- 0.60 to 2.69 +/- 0.600, P less
      than 0.01). During cough, tidal volume (ml) was reduced significantly (576 +/-
      151 to 364 +/- 117, P less than 0.01) with no change in inspiratory flow (l/s)
      (1.37 +/- 0.23 to 1.38 +/- 0.40, P = NS). DF, however, was unaffected by cough
      (0.34 +/- 0.13 to 0.61 +/- 0.12, P = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030605
TI  - Distortion of submerged dog lung lobes.
AB  - The conically shaped caudal lobes of dog lungs were submerged, tip downward in
      saline, and the lateral surfaces of the lobes were thereby exposed to a
      hydrostatic gradient in transpulmonary pressure. The force that was required to
      balance the buoyancy was applied through a clip attached to the tip of the lobe.
      The locations of metal markers implanted in the parenchyma and attached to the
      surface were tracked, and regional volume and the horizontal and vertical
      components of strain were obtained as functions of vertical position. An
      engineering analysis of the deformation is qualitatively consistent with the
      data, but the predicted strains are larger than the observed strains. From the
      experimental and analytical results, we conclude that, for this deformation, the
      regional volume-local transpulmonary pressure curve closely follows the pressure
      volume curve because negative horizontal strains nearly balance the positive
      vertical strain caused by the buoyancy force.

PMID- 4030606
TI  - Contractile properties of intercostal muscles and their functional significance.
AB  - To have some insight into the functional coupling between the parasternal
      intercostals (PS) and the diaphragm (DPM), we have examined the isometric
      contractile properties of bundles from canine PS and DPM muscles. Bundles of
      external (EXT) and internal (INT) interosseous intercostals were studied for
      comparison. In addition we have related sonometrically measured length of the
      intercostals in vivo at supine functional residual capacity (FRC) to in vitro
      optimal force-producing length (Lo). We found that 1) intercostal twitch speed is
      significantly faster than DPM, thus displacing their relative force-frequency
      curve to the right of that of the DPM; 2) the ascending limb of the active length
      tension curve of all intercostals lies below the DPM curve; i.e., at 85% Lo, PS
      force is 46% of maximal force (Po), whereas DPM force is still 87% Po; 3) for any
      given length change beyond Lo, all intercostals generate greater passive tension
      than the DPM; 4) Po is greater for the intercostals than the DPM; and 5) at
      supine FRC, both EXT and INT in dogs are nearly operating at Lo, whereas the PS
      are operating at a length greater than Lo. We conclude that 1) PS produce less
      force than DPM during breathing efforts involving low- (10-20 Hz) stimulation
      frequencies, but they generate more force than DPM when high- (greater than 50
      Hz) stimulation frequencies are required; and 2) the pressure-generating ability
      of the PS is better preserved than that of the DPM with increases in lung
      volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030607
TI  - Changes in heart rate during breathing interrupted by recurrent apneas in humans.
AB  - Heart rate varies with breathing patterns, especially in sleep apnea. To assess
      the effects on heart rate of recurrent apneas interrupting tidal breathing, we
      studied five normal awake male subjects. These subjects voluntarily changed their
      breathing pattern from regular tidal breathing to tidal breathing interrupted by
      breath holding at end expiration. This recurrent apneic breathing pattern did not
      change mean heart rate but increased its variance significantly. In addition, the
      variations in heart rate formed a cyclic pattern of oscillation with a mean cycle
      length identical to both arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) (R = 0.95; P less than
      0.01) and ventilation (R = 0.92; P less than 0.01). Cyclic changes in either SaO2
      or ventilation reproduced the oscillatory patterns of heart rate seen with tidal
      breathing interrupted by multiple apneas, but the amplitude of the variance in
      heart rate was smaller. Finally, preventing the cyclic declines in SaO2 with
      supplemental O2 did not significantly alter the heart rate changes seen in tidal
      breathing interrupted by apneas.

PMID- 4030608
TI  - Transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli.
AB  - Twenty-seven paralyzed anesthetized dogs were embolized with venous air to
      determine the effectiveness of the pulmonary vasculature for bubble filtration or
      trapping. Air doses ranged from 0.05 to 0.40 ml X kg-1 X min-1 in 0.05-ml
      increments with ultrasonic Doppler monitors placed over arterial vessels to
      detect any microbubbles that crossed the lungs. Pulmonary vascular filtration of
      the venous air infusions was complete for the lower air doses ranging from 0.05
      to 0.30 ml X kg-1 X min-1. When the air doses were increased to 0.35 ml X kg-1 X
      min-1, the filtration threshold was exceeded with arterial spillover of bubbles
      occurring in 50% of the animals and reaching 71% for 0.40 ml X kg-1 X min-1.
      Significant elevations were observed in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary
      vascular resistance. Systemic blood pressure and cardiac output decreased,
      whereas left ventricular end-diastolic pressure remained unchanged. The results
      indicate that the filtration of venous bubbles by the pulmonary vasculature was
      complete when the air infusion rates were kept below a threshold value of 0.30 ml
      X kg-1 X min-1.

PMID- 4030609
TI  - Plasma volume changes in middle-aged male and female subjects during marathon
      running.
AB  - Circulatory fluid shifts were studied in middle-aged runners (6 males and 5
      females, ages 32-58 yr) during a 42.2-km marathon race run in mild weather (dry
      bulb temperature = 17.5-20.4 degrees C). Running times for the subjects were 3:12
      4:40 (mean values were 3:34 for males and 4:10 for females). Venous blood samples
      were taken without stasis in all subjects seated at rest before the start of the
      race and within 3 min of finishing; eight of the subjects also paused for samples
      at 6 and 27 km during the race. At 6 km, body weight loss averaged less than 1%,
      whereas plasma volume (PV) had decreased by 6.5% in male subjects and 8.6% in
      female subjects. By the end of the race, hypohydration had reached 3.2% in male
      subjects and 2.9% in female subjects, but PV in both groups remained stable.
      Sweat rates during the race averaged 545 and 429 g X m-2 X h-1 for male and
      female subjects, respectively, with ad lib. water intake replacing 21-72% of
      fluid loss. Increases in plasma protein concentration throughout the race
      reflected the observed initial decrease in PV. The interpretation of PV responses
      to exercise and/or hypohydration is critically dependent on selection of base
      line conditions; we were able to control for posture-exercise effects by treating
      the early exercise (6 km) sample as the base line for examining the effects of
      later fluid loss. Under these conditions, the vascular compartment resisted
      volume depletion. The ability to maintain stable PV can be explained in part by
      relationships among oncotic and hydrostatic pressures in the intra- and
      extravascular fluid compartments.

PMID- 4030610
TI  - Denervation of peripheral chemoreceptors decreases breathing movements in fetal
      sheep.
AB  - The role of the peripheral chemoreceptors in the control of fetal breathing
      movements has not been fully defined. To determine whether denervation of the
      peripheral chemoreceptors affects fetal breathing movements, we studied 14
      chronically catheterized fetal sheep from 120 to 138 days of gestation. In seven
      fetuses the chemoreceptors were denervated by bilateral section of the vagus and
      carotid sinus nerves; in seven others, sham operations were performed. We
      compared several variables during two study periods: 0-5 and 6-13 days after
      operation. In the denervated fetuses there were significant decreases in the
      incidence and amplitude of fetal breathing movements during both study periods.
      There were no differences between the two groups in incidence of low-voltage
      electrocortical activity, arterial pH and blood gas tensions, fetal heart rate,
      mean arterial blood pressure, or duration of survival after operation or birth
      weight. We conclude that denervation of the peripheral chemoreceptors decreases
      fetal breathing movements. These results indicate that the peripheral
      chemoreceptors are active during fetal life and participate in the control of
      fetal breathing movements.

PMID- 4030611
TI  - Relation of blood-free to blood-inclusive postmortem lung water measurements in
      sheep.
AB  - Our purpose was to see if the postmortem weight ratio of extravascular lung water
      to blood-free dry lung (blood-free ratio) was related to similar ratios in blood
      inclusive lung and in blood. We developed linear regressions of blood-free ratio
      on ratios for blood-inclusive lung and blood together and for blood-inclusive
      lung alone for 73 sheep studied under 11 different protocols and for two
      subgroups of sheep, one with plasma space expansion and the other without
      expansion. The relation of ratios of blood-free to blood-inclusive lungs was
      different between the two subgroups. Although all regressions were highly
      correlated, the fits of the blood-free ratio on ratios for blood-inclusive lung
      and blood together were better than for blood-inclusive lung alone. The mean
      error of prediction of extravascular lung water for all sheep was significantly
      less for the regression of blood-free ratio on ratios for blood and blood
      inclusive lung together (11 g) than for blood-inclusive lung alone (18 g). This
      study shows that weights of lung homogenate and blood samples before and after
      simple oven drying can be used to provide accurate inexpensive estimates of
      postmortem extravascular lung water.

PMID- 4030612
TI  - Pleural liquid pressure in dogs measured using a rib capsule.
AB  - We have developed a minimally invasive method for measuring the hydrostatic
      pressure in the pleural space liquid. A liquid-filled capsule is bonded into a
      rib and a small hole is cut in the parietal pleura to allow direct communication
      between the liquid in the capsule and the pleural space. The pressure can be
      measured continuously by a strain gauge transducer connected to the capsule. The
      rib capsule does not distort the pleural space or require removal of intercostal
      muscle. Pneumothoraces are easily detected when they occur inadvertently on
      puncturing the parietal pleura. We examined the effect of height on pleural
      pressure in 15 anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs. The vertical gradients
      in pleural pressure were 0.53, 0.42, 0.46, and 0.23 cmH2O/cm height for the head
      up, head-down, supine, and prone body positions, respectively. These vertical
      gradients were much less than the hydrostatic value (1 cmH2O/cm), indicating that
      the pleural liquid is not in hydrostatic equilibrium. In most body positions the
      magnitudes of pleural liquid pressure interpolated to midchest level were similar
      to the mean transpulmonary (surface) pressure determined postmortem. This
      suggests that pleural liquid pressure is closely related to the lung static
      recoil.

PMID- 4030613
TI  - Pleural space thickness in situ by light microscopy in five mammalian species.
AB  - The thickness of the pleural space was measured by a focusing method using a
      light microscope (X157, 2.5-micron depth of focus). In anesthetized animals, thin
      transparent parietal pleural windows were made by dissection of intercostal
      muscle. Multiple postmortem measurements were made of the combined thickness of
      the pleural space and the window by focusing in sequence on the lung surface and
      on 1- to 2-micron tantulum particles sprayed on the window. The window thickness
      was measured after creating a pneumothorax and retracting the lungs. In supine
      rabbits the pleural space measured at various heights on the costal surface was
      of uniform thickness (16 micron) except for a thicker region (62 micron) located
      within 3 mm of the most dependent part of the lung. The thicker region reverted
      to the uniform thickness after it was placed in a nondependent position by
      inverting the animal from the supine to prone position, indicating fluid drainage
      by gravity. In the prone position near midchest, pleural space thickness (t)
      averaged 6.9 micron in the mouse, 10.2 in the rat, 17.2 in the rabbit, 18.3 in
      the cat, and 23.6 in the dog. Animals of larger body mass (M, kg) had a wider
      pleural space: t = 13.1 X M0.20. There was no contact between the two pleurae,
      indicating that fluid lubrication facilitates sliding between the lung and chest
      wall. Based on the t vs. M relationship and estimates of the viscous flow of
      pleural liquid, pleural fluid exchange rate would be proportional to body mass
      and the work of sliding as a fraction of the work of breathing would be smaller
      in larger animals.

PMID- 4030614
TI  - Reflex compensation of voluntary inspiration when immersion changes diaphragm
      length.
AB  - When immersion alters inspiratory muscle operating lengths, spontaneously
      breathing humans maintain a constant tidal volume by reflex adjustment of
      inspiratory muscle activation (Reid et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 58: 1136-1142,
      1985). We term this the operational length compensation reflex. The present
      experiment demonstrates that similar adjustments occur during voluntary
      respiratory maneuvers. Each of seven naive subjects sat in a tank with water at
      hip level. We trained them to reproduce an inspired volume (+/- 10%) at constant
      inspiratory duration. They received verbal feedback during training but not
      during the experiment. We measured surface electromyograms (EMGs) of diaphragm
      and intercostal muscles and tidal volume. After the subjects were trained, we
      made repeated measurements of 10 trained breaths with water at the hip and then
      again after raising water level to the xiphoid (which decreases lung volume and
      increases operating length of the diaphragm). In 30 of 42 trials there was a
      substantial fall in peak diaphragm EMG. In 10 trials this was sufficient to
      prevent any change in tidal volume. Inspiratory flow was more closely regulated
      than tidal volume. Subjects were not aware of making adjustments in drive.

PMID- 4030616
TI  - Photographic measurement of pleural surface motion during lung oscillation.
AB  - The regional pleural surface expansion of an excised dog lung was measured during
      high-frequency ventilation (HFV) using synchronized stroboscopic photography to
      stop lung motion at 20 evenly spaced intervals over a respiratory cycle during
      ventilation at 1 Hz with a volume of 100 ml, 15 Hz with 100 ml, or 30 Hz with 50
      ml. The lungs were also photographed during quasi-static deflation. The pleural
      surface was marked with ink dots to form 84 approximately square figures. The
      side lengths and areas of each of the 84 "squares" were measured for each frame
      of each photo sequence. At 1 Hz and during the quasi-static deflation the lung
      ventilated nearly synchronously, although minor nonuniformities were noted on
      both small and large length scales. At 15 and 30 Hz, the lung expanded
      asynchronously and nonuniformly, with a 78% increase in surface expansion per 100
      ml of tracheal tidal volume, as frequency was increased from 1 to 30 Hz. These
      nonuniformities in expansion suggest marked interregional airflow and elastic
      wave propagation in the parenchyma during HFV.

PMID- 4030615
TI  - Selenium deficiency potentiates paraquat-induced lipid peroxidation in isolated
      perfused rat lung.
AB  - Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), a seleno-enzyme, reduces lipid hydroperoxides
      while producing oxidized glutathione (GSSG), which can efflux from cells. To
      study the role of GSHPx in antioxidant defense, isolated lungs from selenium
      deficient rats were perfused for 2 h with or without 1 mM paraquat. Perfusate
      GSSG was measured as an index of GSHPx activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) as an
      index of lipid peroxidation. Selenium deficiency decreased lung GSHPx activity 75
      80%. During perfusion control lungs showed GSSG efflux of 8.5 +/- 4.5 nmol/h and
      with paraquat 49.1 +/- 12.1 nmol/h. Selenium-deficient lungs with or without
      paraquat showed GSSG efflux of 16.4 +/- 5.3 and 13.7 +/- 8.9 nmol/h,
      respectively. MDA efflux occurred only in paraquat-perfused selenium-deficient
      lungs (7.8 +/- 2.7 nmol/h). Lung homogenates from this group had lower GSH + GSSG
      than the other three groups. These results indicate an inverse correlation
      between GSSG efflux and MDA accumulation from paraquat-perfused lungs and suggest
      that increased turnover of the GSHPx reaction protects paraquat-perfused lungs
      from lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 4030617
TI  - Heat transfer pathways between fetal lamb and ewe.
AB  - Heat produced by the fetus exists to the mother by one of two principal routes:
      by fetal-maternal exchange in the placenta or through the fetal skin to the
      amniotic fluid and uterine wall. We measured heat conductances along each pathway
      to estimate the fraction of total heat exiting each route. Thermistors were
      placed in the fetal aorta, two different sites in the amniotic fluid, and in a
      maternal artery. Five days after surgery we injected a total of 280 ml of ice
      cold saline into the two separate amniotic fluid sites during a 45-s interval and
      measured the temperature response for the next hour. After one or two such
      injections the fetus was killed to cut off umbilical blood flow, and the
      experiment was repeated to measure the heat fluxes in the absence of placental
      heat exchange. Experimentally obtained temperature curves were compared with the
      predictions of a mathematical model. Heat conductances of the skin and uterine
      wall, as well as the fetal heat production, were estimated in the model using
      least-squares parameter optimization. In 10 fetal lambs, weighing 3.73 +/- 0.40
      (SE) kg, total fetal heat production averaged 3.75 +/- 0.33 W X kg-1. The heat
      conductance of the uterine wall, 6.6 +/- 0.8 W X degrees C-1, was lower than that
      of the fetal skin, 10.2 +/- 1.0, and of the placenta, 25.7 +/- 2.9 W X degrees C
      1, temperature gradient. We estimated that 84.5% of total fetal heat production
      exists by fetal-maternal exchange in the placenta with the remaining 15.5%
      exiting through the fetal skin.

PMID- 4030618
TI  - Interrupter technique for measurement of respiratory mechanics in anesthetized
      humans.
AB  - Flow (V), volume (V), and tracheal pressure (Ptr) were measured throughout a
      series of brief (100 ms) interruptions of expiratory V in six patients during
      anesthesia (halothane-N2O) and anesthesia-paralysis (succinylcholine). For the
      latter part of spontaneous expiration and throughout passive deflation during
      muscle paralysis, a plateau in postinterruption Ptr was observed, indicating
      respiratory muscle relaxation. Under these conditions, passive elastance of the
      total respiratory system (Ers) was determined as the plateau in postinterruption
      Ptr divided by the corresponding V. The pressure-flow relationship of the total
      system was determined by plotting the plateau in Ptr during interruption against
      the immediately preceding V. Ers averaged 23.5 +/- 1.9 (SD) cmH2O X l-1 during
      anesthesia and 25.5 +/- 5.4 cmH2O X l-1 during anesthesia-paralysis.
      Corresponding values of total respiratory system resistance were 2.0 +/- 0.8 and
      1.9 +/- 0.6 cmH2O X l-1 X s, respectively. Respiratory mechanics determined
      during anesthesia paralysis using the single-breath method (W.A. Zin, L. D.
      Pengelly, and J. Milic-Emili, J. Appl. Physiol. 52: 1266-1271, 1982) were also
      similar. Early in spontaneous expiration, however, Ptr increased progressively
      during the period of interruption, reflecting the presence of gradually
      decreasing antagonistic (postinspiratory) pressure of the inspiratory muscles. In
      conclusion, the interrupter technique allows for simultaneous determination of
      the passive elastic as well as flow-resistive properties of the total respiratory
      system. The presence of a plateau in postinterruption Ptr may be employed as a
      useful and simple criterion to confirm the presence of respiratory muscle
      relaxation.

PMID- 4030619
TI  - Comparison of plethysmographic methods for obtaining thoracic gas volume in
      anesthetized dogs.
AB  - Thoracic gas volume (TGV) cannot be measured in the body plethysmograph by the
      standard spontaneous breathing technique (SB) when there is a significant
      respiratory center depression. In this case, either external compression of the
      chest wall (EC) or phrenic nerve stimulation (PhN) can be used to induce the
      pressure-volume changes necessary to calculate TGV. In the present study we
      compared TGV measured in eight pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs by SB, EC, PhN,
      and the standard He-dilution method. EC and simulated PhN were also used to
      measure the volume of a lung model, and EC was used to measure the volume of
      isolated lung lobes. A method for fast and accurate plethysmographic calibration
      is also described. In the intact dogs, SB, PhN, and He-dilution techniques gave
      similar results, but EC overestimated TGV. In the isolated lobes and lung model
      EC accurately measured volume. We speculate that EC induces substantial
      intersegmental and/or interlobal gas movement in intact lungs and that the
      pressure drop due to airway resistance causes proximal airway pressure to
      underestimate alveolar pressure changes, which induces overestimation in
      calculated TGV. We conclude that PhN is the method of choice to measure
      plethysmographic TGV when the respiratory center is depressed and that EC
      overestimates TGV in intact dogs.

PMID- 4030620
TI  - Small-animal traumatizer.
AB  - Clinical research, particularly among traumatized musculoskeletal patients, has
      been greatly inhibited by a lack of uniformity in the intensity of the injury.
      That is, few patients present identical injuries with respect to intensity and
      degree of soft tissue damage. Hence, researchers have gone to the experimental
      animal to achieve uniformity to the wound. Few studies, however, have reported
      effective methods of uniform traumatization. A small-animal traumatizer was
      developed at Brigham Young University that has proved reliable in producing a
      uniform contusion of 177 mm2 on the lateral thigh of the anesthetized
      experimental animal. If the investigator seeks an experimentally induced hematoma
      that approximates contusions seen clinically, one that is unvarying in every
      sample, something not available in traumatized patients, the small-animal
      traumatizer may be an important addition to your laboratory.

PMID- 4030621
TI  - Human smooth muscle cell cultures of the stomach. Morphologic and biochemical
      studies.
AB  - Smooth muscle cell cultures were prepared from stomach explants obtained
      surgically from 10 patients with duodenal ulcer. The cultured cells grew in
      either overlapping layers in "hills and valleys" or in parallel arrays. The
      ultrastructure studies showed plasmalemmal vesicles, bundles of myofilaments
      associated with dense bodies, and gap junctions. The synthesis of contractile
      proteins illustrated the preponderance of actin on myosin and tropomyosin. The
      synthesis of contractile proteins in stomach smooth muscle cell cultures is
      significantly higher than in skin fibroblast cultures, i.e. 20 X higher for
      myosin, 10 X higher for actin, and 30 X higher for tropomyosin.

PMID- 4030622
TI  - Sodium butyrate induced alterations in lysosomal enzyme activity.
AB  - Treatment of cultured HeLa cells with 5 mM sodium butyrate causes an inhibition
      of growth as well as extensive chemical and morphological differentiation.
      Lysosomal enzyme activity changes have been associated with both normal and
      neoplastic growth as well as many aspects of the neoplastic process. The
      comparative ultrastructural results show that the butyrate-treated cells have a
      more extensive internal membranous system than the untreated cells, whereas other
      organelles seem unaffected by the butyrate treatment. Methods for the
      histochemical localization of lysosomal acid phosphatase show a twofold increase
      in particulate reaction product in the butyrate-treated HeLa cells. Isolation of
      lysosomes followed by a comparative enzyme analysis shows a two to three fold
      increase in acid phosphatase activity per cell after 24 h of butyrate treatment,
      as well as three to four fold increase in beta-glucuronidase activity. These
      increases reverse within 24 h of removal of the butyrate from the culture medium.
      These results as interpreted suggest that butyrate treatment may be preventing
      sublethal autolysis by arresting the leakage of the lysosomal enzymes from the
      lysosome into the cytosol and thus allowing the cell to chemically and
      morphologically differentiate.

PMID- 4030623
TI  - Establishment of a continuous cell line from fibrotic schistosomal granulomas in
      mice livers.
AB  - A continuous murine cell line (GRX) was obtained from fibrotic granulomas induced
      in C3H/HeN mice liver by experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni. This
      anchorage-dependent line produces composite connective tissue/extracellular
      matrix, displays morphological characteristics of myofibroblasts, and can, under
      appropriate conditions, accumulate fat droplets. GRX cells produce viral
      particles of retrovirus type. We consider GRX cell line to be representative of
      liver connective tissue cells, responsible for fibroplasia in liver fibrotic and
      granulomatous reactions.

PMID- 4030625
TI  - Isolation of tetraploid clones with high efficiency from diploid 3Y1 rat
      fibroblasts treated with sodium butyrate.
AB  - Sodium butyrate causes proliferation arrest with a G2 (4C) DNA content and
      induces formation of tetraploid cells upon removal of the inhibitor, in rat 3Y1
      diploid fibroblasts. We isolated tetraploid clones from the butyrate-treated 3Y1
      cells with high efficiency; among 21 clones randomly isolated, 5 were pure
      diploid, 7 were mainly tetraploid with a small contaminating diploid population,
      and 7 were pure tetraploid. Among the pure tetraploid clones, two showed doubled
      chromosome numbers with slightly broader distributions than that seen in parental
      3Y1 cells. Butyrate further induced polyploid formation in the tetraploid cells
      thus produced, but octaploid cells that resulted could not be maintained for
      prolonged cultivation. We found no difference between the tetraploid and the
      (parental and parallel isolated) diploid clones in terms of colony-forming
      ability, proliferation rate, and sensitivity to density-dependent inhibition of
      proliferation. These results suggest that doubling of chromosome number by itself
      does not cause a change in proliferation property. The tetraploid clones had
      lower average saturation densities possibly due to enlargement of cell size
      represented by higher cellular protein content.

PMID- 4030624
TI  - Effects of retinoids on invasion of organ cultures of chick chorioallantoic
      membrane by adenovirus transformed cells.
AB  - Invasion of chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) organ cultures by rat 3Y1 cells
      transformed by the highly oncogenic human adenovirus type 12 (3Y1/12-10 cells)
      was inhibited by several retinoids tested. The anti-invasive activity of the
      retinoids was dependent on retinoid concentration and continuous (4 d) exposure
      of the CAM. The 50% retinoid dose (dose effective in achieving a response in half
      of the organ cultures) that inhibited invasion was 0.85 micrograms/ml of retinol
      palmitate, 0.39 micrograms/ml of retinoic acid, or 0.16 micrograms/ml of retinol
      acetate. This dose was of the same order of magnitude as that which induced CAM
      differentiation, and was three- to fourfold less than the dose that caused
      cytotoxic damage of CAM. In addition, the retinoids inhibited 3Y1/12-10 cell
      growth by approximately 40% at levels over 10-fold higher than those needed for
      anti-invasion activity. The findings suggest that the anti-invasive activity of
      retinoids was at least partly due to direct induction of cell differentiation of
      the CAM host tissue.

PMID- 4030626
TI  - 16,16-Dimethyl PGE2 and fatty acids protect hepatocytes against CCl4-induced
      damage.
AB  - 16,16-Dimethyl PGE2 (dmPGE2) has previously been shown to protect the in vivo rat
      liver against CCl4-induced damage. These studies were undertaken to determine if
      this protection could be demonstrated in vitro where factors of absorption,
      secretion, and blood flow are not present. Primary hepatocyte cultures were
      established by perfusing rat liver with collagenase. Hepatocytes were plated at a
      density of 2 X 10(4) cells/cm, allowed 90 min to attach, then stabilized in L15
      medium for 18 h. Hepatocytes were then challenged with CCl4 with concomitant
      exposure to 10(-9) to 10(-5) M dmPGE2, stearic acid, oleic acid, or ethanol
      vehicle (0.00001 to 0.1%). After 1 h, challenge was aspirated and cells were
      stained with 0.04% trypan blue to determine viability. Hepatocytes in the vehicle
      groups took up more trypan when exposed to CCl4 than those treated with dmPGE2,
      stearic acid, or oleic acid at concentrations of 10(-9) to 10(-7) M. At 0.1%
      ethanol vehicle protected as well as all other treatments. Protection against
      CCl4 by dmPGE2, stearic, and oleic acids as well as high concentrations of
      ethanol may occur by altering the metabolism of CCl4.

PMID- 4030627
TI  - A rapid method for culturing guinea pig gastric mucous cell monolayers.
AB  - A method has been developed for growing confluent primary cultured monolayers of
      guinea pig gastric mucous cells suitable for in vitro electrophysiological,
      transport, and pharmacological studies. Isolated mucous cells were enriched on a
      one-step Percoll density gradient and plated on fibronectin-coated plastic dishes
      or in small cups with holes containing glutaraldehyde-fixed Vitrogen gels. These
      cups were designed to fit in Ussing chambers. Mucous cells attached,
      proliferated, and formed confluent monolayers in 3 d. The low cuboidal cells
      contained periodic acid Schiff-positive mucous granules that were negative by
      Bowie and indirect immunofluorescent staining for pepsinogen. Electron microscopy
      revealed polarized mucous cells with microvilli, mucous granules, microfilaments,
      small mitochondria, some vacuoles, and junctional complexes that excluded wheat
      germ agglutinin-peroxidase. No basal lamina was present. Monolayers could be
      maintained for over 2 wk but subcultures were not made. The cultures were
      virtually free of fibroblasts. Epithelial sheets produced by this simple and
      rapid method can be used for electrophysiological, ion transport, and
      pharmacological studies.

PMID- 4030628
TI  - The majority of independently transformed BHK cell clones share a single
      functional lesion which determines anchorage independence and influences
      tumorigenicity.
AB  - Expression of the anchorage-independent transformed phenotype in BHK 21/13 cells
      generally behaves as a recessive trait. When chemically induced and spontaneously
      arising transformants are fused to the nontransformed parent line, transformation
      is initially suppressed, reappearing after extended growth of the hybrids. In
      this paper, complementation for the expression of anchorage independence was
      sought among a large group of such transformants, all independently derived from
      BHK 21/13 cells. Tumorigenicity studies on selected hybrids and parental lines
      indicated that the in vitro trait of anchorage independence is an accurate
      indicator of in vivo neoplasia for these cells. Seventeen of the 18 clones tested
      did not complement one or more of three tester strains. This result indicates
      that anchorage independence arose in these clones as a result of lesions in the
      same genetic function and suggests that the final step in the progressive changes
      of carcinogenesis may frequently be restricted to lesions at a single locus.

PMID- 4030629
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of protein acid hydrolysate content in
      blended soy sauce.
AB  - Five methods were investigated for the determination of levulinic acid in soy
      sauce to determine the addition of protein hydrolysate, mainly acid hydrolysate
      of defatted soybeans. Best results were obtained by using liquid chromatography
      (LC) with 0.004 M HClO4 as the mobile phase and bromcresol purple as a post
      column reagent. An innovative LC method with 0.1% H3PO4 as eluant was developed
      for determination of levulinic acid at 280 nm in soy sauce. This was the most
      time-saving method.

PMID- 4030630
TI  - Gas chromatographic detection of D-(-)-2,3-butanediol and butyric acid produced
      by sporeformers in cream-style corn and canned beef noodle soup: collaborative
      study.
AB  - A gas chromatographic method that identifies sporeformers as the cause of
      spoilage in swollen cans of low-acid foods was collaboratively studied in 2
      stages. Two organic compounds produced by sporeformers, D-(-)-2,3-butanediol and
      butyric acid, are measured in the upper phase after centrifugation of the liquid
      portion of the can contents. Each sample is assayed on 2 packed columns designed
      for the assay of aqueous solutions of volatile fatty acids, using flame
      ionization detectors. For study 1, 16 duplicate inoculated cans of cream-style
      corn and beef noodle soup were sent to 9 collaborators. For study 2, 7
      collaborators received 11 duplicate inoculated cans of the 2 foods. Duplicate
      uninoculated cans of each food served as negative controls. The inocula were 6
      sporeforming organisms (4 Clostridium and 2 gas-forming Bacillus species) and 2
      nonsporeformers. After the deletion of marginal samples, the percentages of
      correctly identified sporeformers and nonsporeformers in beef noodle soup were 83
      (110/132) and 90 (54/60), respectively; corresponding percentages for cream-style
      corn were 80 (98/123) and 100 (35/35). The method has been adopted official first
      action.

PMID- 4030631
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of tenuazonic acid and alternariol methyl
      ether in tomatoes and tomato products.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining tenuazonic acid (TA) and
      alternariol methyl ether (AME) in tomatoes and tomato products is described. The
      Alternaria metabolites are extracted from a water slurry of the sample with
      CHCl3, the mixture is centrifuged, and the extract is fractionated on a silica
      gel column. Reverse phase LC with an ultraviolet detector (for TA) and a
      fluorescence detector (for AME) connected in series is used for final separation
      and determination. The limit of determination for TA and AME is 25 and 3 ng/g,
      respectively, with average recoveries from catsup of 83 and 68%, respectively.
      The LC method also detects alternariol, but interfering peaks in some samples
      prevent accurate quantitation. Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) is
      used to confirm TA. Samples (142) of tomatoes collected from commercial
      processing lines were analyzed; TA was found in 73 samples (0.4-70 micrograms/g).

PMID- 4030632
TI  - Thin layer chromatographic determination of sterigmatocystin in cheese.
AB  - A one-dimensional thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for
      determining sterigmatocystin in cheese. Cheese is extracted with acetonitrile-4%
      KCl (85 + 15). A simplified liquid-liquid partition cleanup is used, and the
      sample extract is passed through a cupric carbonate column for final
      purification. Sterigmatocystin is visualized by spraying the plate with aluminum
      chloride. The fluorescence of the spot is enhanced 10-fold by additional plate
      spraying with a silicone-ether mixture, enabling sterigmatocystin detection and
      quantitation at 2 and 5 micrograms/kg, respectively. Average recoveries were 88.3
      and 86.4% at the 10 and 25 micrograms/kg levels, respectively.

PMID- 4030633
TI  - Assessment of extraction procedures in the analysis of naturally contaminated
      grain products for deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin).
AB  - A comparison of 2 extraction solvent systems (acetonitrile-water, 21 + 4 and
      methanol-water, 1 + 1) and 3 mixing apparatus (high-speed blender, wrist-action
      shaker, and mechanical stirrer) was carried out for different extraction time
      periods. Methods were evaluated using uncontaminated corn spiked with pure
      deoxynivalenol (DON), field-inoculated (Fusarium graminearum) corn, and
      uncontaminated and naturally infected wheat in swine diets. After sample
      extraction, aliquots were passed through alumina-charcoal cleanup columns,
      evaporated to dryness, dissolved in 8% aqueous methanol, and injected onto the
      liquid chromatograph. Results confirm published reports of recoveries from DON
      spiked samples; however, longer extraction times (less than or equal to 120 min)
      were required for naturally contaminated samples. Use of the high-speed blender
      resulted in faster extractions, but in our laboratory more samples could be more
      conveniently extracted simultaneously with the wrist-action shaker or mechanical
      stirrer. Less carryover (co-extraction) of interfering contaminants was observed
      when acetonitrile-water was used vs methanol-water. Results emphasize the
      importance of careful evaluation of extraction procedures with not only spiked
      samples but also naturally contaminated samples to establish extraction times
      required for maximum deoxynivalenol recoveries.

PMID- 4030634
TI  - Liquid chromatographic analysis of dehydroacetic acid and its application to
      wines.
AB  - A simple liquid chromatographic procedure is described for determination of the
      preservative dehydroacetic acid (DHA) in wine. No cleanup procedure is necessary;
      the sample is injected onto an NH2 column without further pretreatment. The
      mobile phase is a 9 + 1 mixture of acetonitrile-sodium acetate buffer adjusted to
      pH 4 with acetic acid. Total run time is less than 10 min. Dehydroacetic acid is
      determined by using the absorbance at 307 nm; the detection limit is estimated to
      be 0.2 ppm. The method may also be suitable for detecting DHA in a variety of
      foodstuffs in low concentrations.

PMID- 4030635
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of carbadox residues in animal feed.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining residues of carbadox in the
      0.01-10 ppm range in swine feed is described. Carbadox is extracted from ground
      feed with 25% acidified methanol-CHCl3, removed from emulsion-forming
      coextractables via an alumina column, separated from highly colored pigments by
      acid-base liquid-liquid partitioning, and finally isolated from interferences on
      a second alumina column. Isocratic reverse phase LC at 305 nm is used for
      quantitation. The average overall recovery at the 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm spike
      levels was 83.0% with a standard deviation of 2.04% and a coefficient of
      variation of 2.46%.

PMID- 4030636
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of carbadox and desoxycarbadox in medicated
      feeds and in porcine gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic method for the assay of carbadox and desoxycarbadox in
      medicated feeds and porcine stomach and intestinal contents is described. Samples
      were extracted with dimethylformamide-water and cleaned up on an alumina column.
      The eluate was chromatographed using either gradient elution for simultaneous
      assay of both compounds or isocratic elution for carbadox only. Detection of
      carbadox by its native fluorescence yielded a sensitive and specific assay
      without interferences by metabolites or matrix components. The optimal UV
      absorption of desoxycarbadox was at 280 nm. Mean recoveries of carbadox in spiked
      feed and stomach contents were 104 and 97%, respectively; mean recovery of
      desoxycarbadox in stomach contents was 106%. The day-to-day reproducibility for
      carbadox in different feed samples and stomach contents samples had a coefficient
      of variation of 6-13%.

PMID- 4030637
TI  - Liquid chromatographic monitoring of the depletion of carbadox and its metabolite
      desoxycarbadox in swine tissues.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic method was used to monitor a depletion study of carbadox
      (and its most important metabolite, desoxycarbadox) in young pigs fed carbadox
      treated rations for 1 week. Carbadox was found in blood (20 ppb), blood serum (26
      ppb), and muscle tissue 24 h after withdrawal from treated ration; residues were
      reduced to a trace (less than 2 ppb) in 48 h, and eliminated by 72 h.
      Desoxycarbadox, although not detected in blood, was found in muscle (17 ppb) 24 h
      after withdrawal; it was reduced to 9 ppb at 48 h and to a trace by 72 h.
      Although no carbadox was detected in liver 24 h after withdrawal, appreciable
      desoxycarbadox (125 ppb) was found in liver 24 h after withdrawal; it was reduced
      to 17 ppb at 48 h and to a trace by 72 h. Whereas only a trace of carbadox was
      found in kidney 24 h after withdrawal, 186 ppb desoxycarbadox was found in kidney
      at 24 h, 34 ppb at 48 h, and a trace at 72 h. No metabolite of carbadox other
      than desoxycarbadox was found in extracts of swine tissues during this medicated
      feed trial, and no metabolite was found in blood extracts by using the
      established methodology. The effect of tissue storage (aging) at -20 degrees C on
      levels of the drug and its metabolite was a modest alteration of residue levels.
      The inadvertent use of feed adulterated with furazolidone and initially medicated
      with chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and penicillin G, did not affect the
      uptake of carbadox in this depletion study or interfere with the analytical
      methodology.

PMID- 4030639
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of vitamin K1 trans- and cis-isomers in
      infant formula.
AB  - The normal phase liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determination of trans-
      and cis-isomers of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) in infant formula described here
      uses an Apex silica column, isocratic elution, and UV absorption detection at 254
      nm. Vitamin K1 is extracted quantitatively from the product matrix by pretreating
      the as-fed liquid with concentrated ammonium hydroxide and methanol, and then
      extracting it with a 2:1 mixture of dichloromethane and isooctane. The extract is
      cleaned up by silica open-column chromatography and concentrated for LC analysis.
      For trans-vitamin K1, the method precision is less than or equal to 3.3% RSD
      (relative standard deviation), and the spike recovery is 98 +/- 4%. For cis
      vitamin K1, the precision is less than or equal to 12% RSD, determined at levels
      near the detection limit, and the spike recovery is 95 +/- 9%. The detection
      limit is 0.3 ng for both isomers at signal/noise = 3.

PMID- 4030638
TI  - Assessment of protein quality methodology for infant formulas.
AB  - Rat bioassay was used to assess the protein quality of powdered infant formulas
      and to evaluate the feasibility of using modified casein diets (containing the
      same source and level of fat and carbohydrate contributed by the infant formulas)
      as reference standards. Modification of the casein diet to match the milk-based
      formulas caused a significant reduction in weekly protein efficiency ratios (PER)
      and net protein ratios (NPR) at the third and fourth weeks. Modification of the
      casein diet to stimulate the soy-based formulas had no significant effect on NPR
      values; PER values were more varied. When PER and NPR values of the powdered milk
      based formulas were expressed relative to the unmodified reference standard, the
      relative values were lower than when each matched reference was used. With few
      exceptions, the relative weekly PER values of the soy-based formulas were similar
      regardless of the standard used. The relative NPR values of the formulas had a
      pattern similar to the relative PER values. The data indicate that protein
      quality evaluation of infant formulas using rat bioassay warrants the use of
      matched casein reference diets for each type of formula.

PMID- 4030640
TI  - Improved liquid chromatographic determination of riboflavin in milk and dairy
      products.
AB  - Reported here is a simple liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the
      determination of riboflavin in milk (liquid, evaporated, and dry), yogurt, and
      cheese. The method involves passing liquid samples or filtrates of semisolid and
      solid samples through a C18 cartridge. Retained riboflavin is then eluted with an
      aliquot of 50% methanol in 0.02M acetate buffer of pH 4. A volume of the eluate
      is injected into the LC system consisting of a C18 column, a solvent of water
      methanol-acetic acid (65 + 35 + 0.1, v/v) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and a UV
      detector set at 270 nm. The method is precise and accurate and compares favorably
      with the present AOAC method. Moreover, it involves fewer sample preparation
      steps and has a total analysis time of less than 1 h.

PMID- 4030641
TI  - Extraction of light filth from whole peppermint leaves: collaborative study.
AB  - Results are reported for a collaborative study of a method for the extraction of
      light filth from whole peppermint leaves. A 5 g sample is defatted with
      isopropanol in a simple reflux appartus. Rat hairs, insect fragments, and whole
      insects are isolated by wet sieving on a No. 230 sieve, a deaerating boil in 40%
      isopropanol solution, flotation with Tween 80-Na4EDTA (1 + 1) and mineral oil
      heptane (85 + 15), and trappings in a Wildman trap flask. Average recoveries
      obtained by 6 collaborators for 3 spike levels of rat hairs (5, 10, 15) were
      83.3, 87.5, and 82.2%, respectively. For whole insects (5, 10, 15) recoveries
      averaged 85.0, 80.0 and 77.2% respectively; for insect fragments (20, 30, 50)
      recoveries averaged 79.6, 88.3, and 84.8%, respectively. The average recoveries
      for the 3 levels of each analyte were not significantly different. The method has
      been adopted official first action.

PMID- 4030642
TI  - Determination of internal insect infestation of oats: collaborative study.
AB  - An improved method has been developed for determining internal insect infestation
      of oat kennels. The method involves alcohol defatting and acid hydrolysis of the
      cracked oats, wet sieving to remove the acid, transfer to a 2 L Wildman trap
      flask, deaeration by boiling, and treatment with Tween 80-Na4EDTA. Insects are
      extracted with light mineral oil. Reports from 6 collaborators showed that
      recoveries averaged 88.98% for adult insect heads and 97.22% for larvae. The
      method has been adopted official first action.

PMID- 4030643
TI  - Mass spectrometry and identification of sterols in vegetable oils as butyryl
      esters and relative quantitation by gas chromatography with flame ionization
      detection.
AB  - Electron ionization mass spectrometry (MS) of sterol butyrates is described.
      Fragmentation of common sterol butyrates is related to structure and is discussed
      in relation to the fragmentation of free sterols and of commonly used sterol
      derivatives. Derivatized samples of vegetable oils are introduced using a 10 m
      capillary gas chromatographic (GC) column for complete separation of the sterol
      butyrates. Quantitation of sterol butyrates in vegetable oils by packed column
      GC/flame ionization detection is based on percent relative area of peaks
      identified by MS. Results of analyses of sunflower, castor, rapeseed, and virgin
      olive oils, and other oils are presented. These techniques have been applied to
      the rapid screening of marketed olive oils for possible adulteration.

PMID- 4030644
TI  - Capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of fluoroacetate
      residues in animal tissues.
AB  - A method for the quantitative determination of fluoroacetate (FAC) residues in
      animal tissues is described. The procedure involves tungstic acid extraction,
      partitioning into ethyl acetate, evaporation of ethyl acetate, derivatization
      with pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFB), and analysis of the resulting derivative
      (PFB-FAC) by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CGC-MS) with
      specific ion monitoring (SIM). The tungstic acid system extracted 96.8 +/- 4.2%
      of the endogenous 14C-1080 residues in rat tissues. Recovery of FAC during the
      extraction, purification, and derivatization procedures is established by use of
      a 14C-FAC spike. 1,2-Dibromobenzene is used as an internal standard for the CGC
      MS analysis. PFB-FAC is identified on the basis of comparative retention times
      and the relative intensities of m/z 257.9 and 181.0. PFB-FAC is quantitated by
      comparing the response at m/z 257.9 to a PFB-FAC standard curve. Routine
      sensitivity of the method allows determination of 10 ppb fluoroacetate in tissue.

PMID- 4030645
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of N-methylcarbamate insecticides and
      metabolites in crops. I. Collaborative study.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) multiresidue method for determining residues of N
      methylcarbamate insecticides in crops was collaboratively studied in 6
      laboratories. Methanol and a mechanical ultrasonic homogenizer are used to
      extract the carbamates. Water-soluble plant coextractives and nonpolar plant
      lipid materials are removed from the carbamate residues by liquid-liquid
      partitioning. Additional crop coextractives (e.g., carotenes, chlorophylls) are
      removed with a Nuchar SN-silanized Celite column. The carbamate residues are then
      separated on a reverse phase LC column, using an acetonitrile-water gradient
      mobile phase. Eluted residues are detected by an in-line post-column fluorometric
      detection technique. Seven carbamates and 2 carbamate metabolites were included
      in the collaborative study. Each collaborator determined all the carbamates at 2
      levels (approximately 0.05 ppm and United States tolerance) in blind duplicate
      samples of grapes and potatoes. Fortified and control samples were analyzed.
      Repeatability coefficients of variation for all the carbamates on the 2 crops
      averaged 4.7% and ranged from 2.4 to 7.1%. Reproducibility coefficients of
      variation for all the carbamates on the 2 crops averaged 8.7% and ranged from 5.3
      to 12.4%. Accuracy, measured by comparison with fortification values, averaged
      95% and ranged from 79 to 103%. The estimated limit of quantitation is 0.01 ppm.
      The method has been adopted official first action.

PMID- 4030646
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of N-methylcarbamate insecticides and
      metabolites in crops. II. Analytical characteristics and residue findings.
AB  - Four laboratories obtained 177 carbamate recovery values using a liquid
      chromatographic method. The average recovery of 11 carbamates (aldicarb, aldicarb
      sulfone, bufencarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, 3-hydroxy carbofuran, 3-keto
      carbofuran, methiocarb, methiocarb sulfoxide, methomyl, and oxamyl) from 14 crops
      was 99% with a coefficient of variation of 8% (0.03-1.8 ppm fortification
      levels). No statistical difference in recovery was found between oxime and phenyl
      carbamates, or between parent and metabolite carbamates. Average recovery of
      aldicarb sulfoxide was 59% due to loss in the liquid-liquid partitioning because
      of the polarity of this compound. A fifth laboratory contributed 34 carbamate
      recoveries (average 99%) on table-ready food products for 4 carbamates.
      Bendiocarb, dioxacarb, isoprocarb, and propoxur are also quantitatively recovered
      through the method. Previously reported carbamate and noncarbamate recovery data
      are also discussed. In the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) analysis of 319
      samples (mainly crops), 86 (27%) were found to contain residues of carbamate
      insecticides and/or toxic carbamate metabolites. Carbaryl and methomyl were the
      most common carbamate residues found on the food products excluding the aldicarb
      sulfone and sulfoxide residues found on potatoes. In one FDA Total Diet Program
      "market basket", 11 of 69 table-ready food commodities contained from 0.005 to
      0.094 ppm carbamate residues. Carbaryl was the most prevalent residue. Several
      laboratories reported adverse effects on the determinative system when
      inadequately purified reagents were used.

PMID- 4030647
TI  - Determination of ethylenethiourea in grapes and wine.
AB  - Residues of ethylenethiourea (ETU) in grapes and wine were determined by
      capillary gas chromatography and paper chromatography, without a cleanup step,
      and after derivatization to S-benzyl-ETU. The detection limit was 0.0002 mg/kg
      for flame ionization detection, 0.008 mg/kg for paper chromatography with
      photodensitometric evaluation of the detected spot. Results were compared with a
      generally used GC method specifying electron capture detection of
      trifluoroacetylated S-benzyl-ETU. The recoveries of ETU in grapes and wine at
      different concentration levels were determined. ETU residues were determined in
      treated grapes but no residues were detected in wine.

PMID- 4030648
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of CCRL583 perfluorinated alcohol fumigant
      residues.
AB  - A gas chromatographic method is described for the determination of CCRL583
      (1,1,1,3,3,4,4,4-octafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butanol). The sample is
      extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up by liquid-liquid extraction, first
      with a basic aqueous solution and finally with an acid aqueous solution. The
      final organic layer is injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a column
      packed with terephthalic acid-terminated Carbowax 20M. Recovery of CCRL583 from
      fortified wheat and peanuts was 91-108%.

PMID- 4030649
TI  - Capillary gas chromatographic determination of prometryn and its degradation
      products in parsley.
AB  - Residue analysis of the herbicide prometryn (2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylthio
      1,3,5-triazine) is widely known, but an analytical method for determining its
      metabolities or degradation products in addition to the parent chemical has not
      yet been reported in the literature. The procedure reported here is for the
      extraction and determination of prometryn and 2 metabolites, 2-amino-4
      isopropylamino-6-methyl-thio-1,3,5-triazine and 2,4-diamino-6-methylthio-1,3,5
      triazine, in parsley. Crops were extracted with 2-propanol followed by
      concentration of the extract and partitioning with a minimum amount of hexane in
      the presence of a large excess of water to remove most of the green pigment. The
      aqueous phase was divided into 2 equal halves: (A) One-half portion was
      partitioned with dichloromethane in the presence of saturated sodium chloride
      solution, the dichloromethane phase was separated, and the aqueous phase was
      discarded. The organic solvent was evaporated, and the contents were
      reconstituted in petroleum ether before prometryn analysis. (B) The other half
      was made slightly alkaline with ammonium hydroxide solution and was partitioned
      with ethyl acetate in the presence of saturated sodium chloride solution. The
      ethyl acetate phase was concentrated, centrifuged to remove any turbidity, and
      analyzed for the 2 metabolities above. Fused silica capillary gas chromatography
      (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus (N-P) detection was used for quantitation. The
      limit of detection was 0.05 mg/kg for all the compounds examined. Recoveries from
      fortified parsley samples ranged from 59 to 73% at fortification levels of 0.05
      to 1.0 mg/kg.

PMID- 4030650
TI  - Simplified cleanup and liquid chromatographic determination of oxamyl residues in
      potato tubers.
AB  - A simple and efficient method is presented for the extraction, cleanup, and
      liquid chromatographic (LC) determination of oxamyl residues in potato tubers.
      Samples are extracted with methanol, partitioned into dichloromethane, and
      cleaned up using Sep-Pak Florisil cartridges. LC determination is performed using
      a Zorbax PSM 60 size exclusion column with an acetonitrile-water (1 + 9) mobile
      phase and UV detection at 254 nm. Recovery of oxamyl from spiked control tubers
      averaged 94.1 and 85.9% at fortification levels of 0.4 and 0.08 micrograms
      oxamyl/g tuber, respectively. The minimum detectable concentration of oxamyl by
      this method is 0.01 micrograms/g.

PMID- 4030651
TI  - Statistical examination of AOAC use-dilution method for testing disinfectant
      efficacy.
AB  - The AOAC use-dilution method is examined from a statistical viewpoint by using
      the fundamental concept of operating characteristic curves to focus attention on
      the inadequately defined aspects of the acceptance/rejection criteria used for
      disinfectant registration and enforcement purposes.

PMID- 4030652
TI  - New FDA migration cell used to study migration of styrene from polystyrene into
      various solvents.
AB  - A new cell was evaluated for studying the migration of components of plastic food
      packaging materials into various food simulating solvents. Data obtained using
      this cell to study the migration of styrene from polystyrene at 40 and 70 degrees
      C are presented. Food simulating solvents tested were: water; 3% acetic acid; 8,
      20, 50, and 100% ethanol; corn oil; HB-307; heptane; hexadecane; and decanol. An
      iterative Basic computer program is described that fits the migration vs time
      data obtained to mathematical models, based on Ficks' law, yielding
      migrant/polymer diffusion coefficients (Dp). Dp values determined for styrene
      migration from polystyrene at 40 and 70 degrees C were 3 X 10(-13) and 4 X 10(
      12) sq. cm/s, respectively.

PMID- 4030653
TI  - Determination of acrylonitrile in foods by headspace-gas chromatography with
      nitrogen-sensitive detection: collaborative study.
AB  - A headspace-gas chromatographic procedure, with nitrogen-phosphorous (N-P)
      specific detection for the determination of acrylonitrile (AN) in cold pack
      cheese, peanut butter, honey butter, and margarine, was collaboratively studied.
      Seven laboratories analyzed 7 samples of each food for AN at levels ranging from
      5 to 60 ppb. For cold pack cheese, mean recoveries for AN added at about 5, 15,
      and 50 ppb were 65.9, 92.4, and 96.6%, respectively; for peanut butter, mean
      recoveries for AN added at about 10, 30, and 60 ppb were 59.6, 61.7, and 66.5%,
      respectively; for honey butter, mean recoveries for AN added at 5, 15, and 50 ppb
      were 88.6, 96.4, and 94.6%, respectively; and for margarine, mean recoveries for
      AN added at 5, 15, and 50 ppb were 130.6, 91.9, and 88.7%, respectively. The
      overall coefficients of variation for cold pack cheese, peanut butter, honey
      butter, and margarine spiked at the above levels were 67.7, 22.0, and 38.5%;
      71.8, 23.8, and 23.8%; 45.3, 30.4, and 13.0%; and 79.7, 38.9, and 16.2%,
      respectively.

PMID- 4030655
TI  - Using the professional or in-house model in a medical setting.

PMID- 4030656
TI  - Processing Technical Pan.

PMID- 4030654
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of quinine, hydroquinine, saccharin, and
      sodium benzoate in quinine beverages.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the determination of
      quinine, hydroquinine, sodium saccharin, and sodium benzoate in soft drinks. The
      method involves simple sample preparation, direct injection onto an
      octadecylsilane column, and elution with a methanol-acetonitrile-water-acetic
      acid (20 + 10 + 70 + 1) mobile phase. Eluted constituents are measured
      spectrophotometrically at 254 nm. The relationship between peak height and
      concentration was linear between 20 and 120 micrograms/mL for quinine. A relative
      standard deviation of 0.82% was obtained for commercial samples spiked with
      quinine, and the average recovery was 100.3%. The proposed procedure is accurate
      and rapid and can also detect hydroquinine (a natural contaminant of quinine),
      sodium saccharin, and sodium benzoate. Linear responses ranged from 0.45 to 20
      micrograms/mL for hydroquinine, from 54.8 to 219 micrograms/mL for sodium
      saccharin, and from 10.1 to 145.1 micrograms/mL for sodium benzoate. The
      reproducibility of the LC method was evaluated with standard solutions of
      hydroquinine, sodium saccharin, and sodium benzoate, which produced relative
      standard deviations of 0.42, 0.46, and 1.13%, respectively. The average
      recoveries for sodium saccharin and sodium benzoate from spiked samples were 99.4
      and 100.2%, respectively.

PMID- 4030657
TI  - Photography and patient's rights.

PMID- 4030658
TI  - Photography of microradiography.

PMID- 4030659
TI  - Copying CT scans with a reasonably priced video printer.

PMID- 4030660
TI  - Cell counts in cerebral cortex of an autistic patient.
AB  - Numbers of neurons and glia were counted in the cerebral cortex of one well
      documented case of autism and two age- and sex-matched controls. Areas in which
      cell counts were made were primary auditory cortex, Broca's speech area, and
      auditory association cortex. No consistent differences in cell density were found
      between the brains of the autistic patient and the control patients.

PMID- 4030661
TI  - Deprivation of early sensorimotor experience and cognition in the severely
      involved cerebral-palsied child.
AB  - Severely quadraplegic cerebral-palsied children suffer profound deprivation of
      early sensorimotor experiences considered by Piagetian theory as critical to the
      development of cognitive structures. In the present study, 34 children
      quadraplegic from birth, ranging in age from 9 months to 12 years, were tested
      for level of object permanence which, according to Piaget, signals the emergence
      of mental representation. Sixteen demonstrated high levels of object permanence.
      Severity of physical handicap accounted for less than 15% of the variation in
      scores. With severity held constant, mental age explained 25% of the variance.
      These results indicate that early cognitive milestones can be achieved by
      children severely physically handicapped since birth and that general
      intellectual level may be more important than severity of the motor handicap in
      determining such achievement.

PMID- 4030662
TI  - Effect of using an auditory trainer on the attentional, language, and social
      behaviors of autistic children.
AB  - Two groups of seven autistic children wore an auditory trainer for an average of
      24 minutes per day over two 5-week periods interspersed with 5-week control
      periods in a time series design. Videotapes were coded for three attentional
      states (normal, withdrawn, attacking), for verbalization and signing, and for
      appropriate and acceptable behaviors. Results demonstrated a decrease in time
      spent withdrawn and increases in signing and in school-appropriate behavior.
      Results are interpreted as congruent with Katz's theory of reduced attention due
      to deficits in auditory conductance.

PMID- 4030663
TI  - Parental ratings of treatments of self-injurious behavior.
AB  - This study examined (a) how parents of autistic children, parents of other
      handicapped children, and parents of nonhandicapped children rate, as a whole,
      acceptability of time-out, differential reinforcement, overcorrection, and shock
      as treatments for self-injurious behavior, and (b) whether these parents show
      differences, as groups, in ratings of these treatments. On the Treatment
      Evaluation Inventory, all groups consistently rated differential reinforcement,
      time-out, and overcorrection as acceptable and shock as unacceptable.
      Differential reinforcement was consistently rated as the most acceptable, but the
      groups differed in ratings of acceptability of other treatments. On the Semantic
      Differential, ratings of differential reinforcement, overcorrection, and time-out
      did not differ. However, shock was consistently rated as the most potent and
      active of treatments as well as the most unacceptable. The implications of these
      findings for treatment of autistic and other handicapped children are discussed.

PMID- 4030664
TI  - Familial heterogeneity in infantile autism.
AB  - The incidence of autism and cognitive disability was assessed in the biological
      siblings of 29 autistic probands subdivided on the basis of IQ. A significant
      clustering of autism and nonspecific intellectual retardation was found in the
      siblings of severely retarded autistic probands which was not present in the
      siblings of our higher-functioning autistic sample. These findings suggest that
      there may be etiological differences in autism, depending on the degree of
      associated mental retardation.

PMID- 4030665
TI  - Handedness and cognitive functions in pervasive developmental disorders.
AB  - This paper is concerned with what abnormal handedness in Pervasive Developmental
      Disorders (PDD) reveals about the presence, lateralization, and severity of
      cerebral dysfunction in this population. From previous work, it was predicted
      that left-handedness would be elevated in the sample and that mixed-handedness
      subjects should be more impaired than those with established hand dominance. A
      battery of cognitive and motor tests were administered to a group of PDD children
      with autistic symptoms, and performance was compared for the left-handed, right
      handed, and mixed-preference children. It was found that left-handers tended to
      do better than right-handers on all cognitive measures, while the mixed
      preference children tended to be the lowest on all cognitive measures. No
      differences were found on motor measures. An extension of the Satz (1972) model,
      assuming early brain damage, was developed to explain the superiority of the left
      handed children; an alternative explanation assuming anomalous lateralization
      patterns in the natural left-handers was also suggested.

PMID- 4030667
TI  - Brief report: implication of EEG diagnoses in the subclassification of infantile
      autism.

PMID- 4030666
TI  - Brief report: screening children with autism for fragile-X syndrome and
      phenylketonuria.

PMID- 4030669
TI  - Short course tuberculous chemotherapy.

PMID- 4030668
TI  - A case of autism and mosaic of trisomy 8.

PMID- 4030670
TI  - Cell mediated immunity in leprosy with neurological complications.

PMID- 4030671
TI  - Evaluation of creatine phosphokinase in cases of cerebrovascular accidents.

PMID- 4030672
TI  - A comprehensive study of autonomic nervous system dysfunctions in diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 4030673
TI  - Oral oxyfedrine on left ventricular performance in patients of ischaemic heart
      disease.

PMID- 4030674
TI  - A study of serum glycoproteins in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4030675
TI  - Thyroid function in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4030676
TI  - 'Top of the basilar' syndrome.

PMID- 4030677
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins in malaria. A preliminary report.

PMID- 4030679
TI  - Advances in the treatment of cysticercosis: praziquantel.

PMID- 4030680
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage.

PMID- 4030678
TI  - Short course intermittent chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 4030681
TI  - Viral hepatitis.

PMID- 4030682
TI  - Needle biopsy of the lung with Menghini needle.

PMID- 4030683
TI  - Evidence of glycosylation of platelet proteins in diabetics.

PMID- 4030684
TI  - Transient brain stem dysfunction manifesting as locked-in syndrome secondary to
      alcoholism.

PMID- 4030685
TI  - Rhino orbital mucormycosis treated with amphotericin B with successful outcome.

PMID- 4030686
TI  - Nail patella syndrome.

PMID- 4030687
TI  - Primary intraventricular haemorrhage.

PMID- 4030688
TI  - Copper sulphate poisoning, hemolysis and methaemoglobinemia.

PMID- 4030689
TI  - Genetic structure of populations of Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - The genetic structure of populations of Legionella pneumophila was defined by an
      analysis of electrophoretically demonstrable allelic variation at structural
      genes encoding 22 enzymes in 292 isolates from clinical and environmental
      sources. Nineteen of the loci were polymorphic, and 62 distinctive
      electrophoretic types (ETs), representing multilocus genotypes, were identified.
      Principal coordinates and clustering analyses demonstrated that isolates received
      as L. pneumophila were a heterogeneous array of genotypes that included two
      previously undescribed species. For 50 ETs of L. pneumophila (strict sense), mean
      genetic diversity per locus was 0.312, and diversity was equivalent in ETs
      represented by isolates recovered from clinical sources and those collected from
      environmental sources. Cluster analysis revealed four major groups or lineages of
      ETs in L. pneumophila. Genetic diversity among ETs of the same serotype was, on
      average, 93% of that in the total sample of ETs. Isolates marked by particular
      patterns of reactivity to a panel of nine monoclonal antibodies were also
      genetically heterogeneous, mean diversity within patterns being about 75% of the
      total. Both Pontiac fever and the pneumonic form of legionellosis may be caused
      by isolates of the same ET. The genetic structure of L. pneumophila is clonal,
      and many clones apparently are worldwide in distribution. The fact that L.
      pneumophila is only 60% as variable as Escherichia coli raises the possibility
      that isolates recovered from clinical cases and man-made environments are a
      restricted subset of all clones in the species as a whole.

PMID- 4030690
TI  - Waveform analysis and structure of flagella and basal complexes from Bdellovibrio
      bacteriovorus 109J.
AB  - The structure of sheathed flagella from Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was
      investigated. The first three periods of these flagella were characterized by
      progressively smaller wavelengths and amplitudes in periods more distal to the
      cell. The damped appearance was due to a single nonrandom transition between two
      helical structures within each filament. The intersection of the two helices, one
      of which was a threefold-reduced miniature of the other, occurred at a fixed
      distance along the filament and resulted in a shift in the flagellar axis.
      Flagella increased in length as the cells aged and assumed a constant miniature
      waveform at their distal ends. The core filament was the principal determinant of
      flagellar morphology. It was composed of 28,000- and 29,500-dalton polypeptides.
      The 28,000-dalton subunits were located in the cell-proximal segment of the
      filament, and the 29,500-dalton subunits were located in the more distal region.
      The heteromorphous appearance of bdellovibrio flagella arose from the sequential
      assembly of these subunits. The basal complex associated with core filaments was
      examined because of its potential involvement in sheath formation. Bdellovibrio
      basal organelles were generally similar to those of other gram-negative species,
      but appeared to lack a disk analogous to the outer membrane-associated L ring
      which is a normal component of gram-negative basal complexes.

PMID- 4030691
TI  - Isolation and composition of sheathed flagella from Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
      109J.
AB  - A procedure was developed for the purification of sheathed flagella from
      Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J. Preparations of isolated flagella appeared as
      filaments 28 nm in diameter, did not vary in sheath content by more than 10% from
      the mean, and contained 50% protein, 38% phospholipid, and 12% lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) by weight. The sheath was readily solubilized by Triton X-100, whether or
      not EDTA was present, and contained all of the LPS and phospholipid and 30 to 40%
      of the protein of the intact flagella; sedimentable core filament polypeptides
      accounted for the remainder. Flagellar LPS was significantly enriched in
      nonadecenoic acid (19:1) and depleted in beta-hydroxymyristic acid relative to
      outer membrane LPS from intraperiplasmically grown bdellovibrios. These
      observations suggest that the sheath is a stable domain distinct from the bulk of
      the outer membrane. The sheath also contained substantially more phospholipid
      (57%) and less protein (26%) of a more heterogeneous composition than that of
      previously described outer membranes. This unusual balance of constituents was
      predicted to result in a fluid membrane compatible with a model for the
      generation of motility by rotation of the core filament within a highly flexible
      sheath.

PMID- 4030693
TI  - Effect of changes in the osmolarity of the growth medium on Vibrio cholerae
      cells.
AB  - The rate and extent of lysis of Vibrio cholerae cells under nongrowing conditions
      were dependent on the osmolarity of the growth medium. Gross alterations in
      cellular morphology were observed when V. cholerae cells were grown in media of
      high and low osmolarity. The rate of lysis of V. cholerae cells under nongrowing
      conditions increased after treatment with chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol
      treated V. cholerae 569B cells showed formation of sphaeroplast-like bodies in
      medium of high osmolarity, but not in low osmolarity. Changes in the osmolarity
      of the growth medium also regulated the expression of the outer membrane
      proteins. This regulation was abolished if V. cholerae cells were grown in Pi
      depleted medium. Analysis of the lytic behavior and composition of outer membrane
      proteins of an osmotically fragile mutant strain revealed a similar dependence on
      the osmolarity of the growth medium.

PMID- 4030692
TI  - Uptake of intact nucleoside monophosphates by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J.
AB  - The degraded nucleic acids and ribosomes of its prey cell provide Bdellovibrio
      bacteriovorus 109J with a source of ribonucleoside monophosphates and
      deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates for biosynthesis and respiration. We
      demonstrate that bdellovibrios, in contrast to almost all other bacteria, take up
      these nucleoside monophosphates into the cell in an intact, phosphorylated form.
      In this way they are able to assimilate more effectively the cellular contents of
      their prey. Studies with UMP and dTMP demonstrate that they are transported and
      accumulated against a concentration gradient, achieving internal levels at least
      10 times the external levels. Treatment of the bdellovibrios with azide or
      carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone eliminates their ability to either
      transport or maintain accumulated UMP and suggests the presence of a freely
      reversible exchange mechanism. There are at least two separate classes of
      transport systems for nucleoside monophosphates, each exhibiting partial
      specificity for either ribonucleoside monophosphates or deoxyribonucleoside
      monophosphates. Kinetic analyses of UMP transport in different developmental
      stages of strain 109J indicate that each stage expresses a single, saturable
      uptake system with a distinct apparent substrate affinity constant (Kt) of 104
      microM in attack phase cells and 35 microM in prematurely released growth phase
      filaments. The capacity for transport of UMP by the growth phase filaments was
      2.4 times that of the attack phase cells. These data, in addition to the apparent
      lack of environmental control of UMP transport capacity in attack phase cells,
      suggest that there are two transport systems for UMP in bdellovibrios and that
      the high-affinity, high-capacity growth phase system is developmentally
      regulated.

PMID- 4030694
TI  - Cell volume regulation in Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
AB  - Mycoplasma gallisepticum cells incubated in 250 mM NaCl solutions in the absence
      of glucose showed a progressive fall in intracellular ATP concentration over a
      period of 2 to 3 h. When the ATP level fell below 40 microM the cell began to
      swell and become progressively permeable to [14C]inulin and leak intracellular
      protein and nucleotides. The addition of nondiffusable substances such as MgSO4
      or disaccharides prevented swelling, suggesting that NaCl (and water) entry was
      due to Gibbs-Donnan forces. The addition of glucose after the initiation of cell
      swelling increased intracellular ATP, induced cell shrinkage, and prevented the
      release of intracellular components. The ATPase inhibitor
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, which collapsed the chemical and electrical components
      of the proton motive force, caused rapid cell swelling in the presence of glucose
      (and high intracellular ATP levels). Extracellular impermeable solutes such as
      MgSO4 and disaccharides prevented swelling of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-treated
      cells incubated in NaCl. It was postulated that Na+ that diffused into the cell
      was extruded by an electrogenic Na+-H+ exchange (antiport) energized by the
      proton motive force established by the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive H+
      ATPase.

PMID- 4030695
TI  - Sodium and proton transport in Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
AB  - When washed cells of Mycoplasma gallisepticum were incubated at 37 degrees C in
      250 mM 22NaCl, the intracellular Na+ increased, and the K+ decreased. The
      addition of glucose to these Na+-loaded cells caused Na+ efflux and K+ uptake
      (both ions moving against concentration gradients). This effect of glucose was
      blocked by the ATPase inhibitor dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, which prevents the
      generation of a proton motive force in these cells. In additional experiments,
      Na+ extrusion was studied by diluting the 22Na+-loaded cells into Na+-free media
      and following the loss of 22Na+ from the cells. Glucose stimulated 22Na+
      extrusion in such cells by a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive mechanism. Proton
      movement was studied by measuring the pH gradient across the cell membrane with
      the 9-aminoacridine fluorescence technique. Glucose addition to cells
      preincubated with cations other than Na+ resulted in cell alkalinization (which
      was prevented by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide). This observation is consistent with
      the operation of a proton-extruding ATPase. When glucose was added to Na+-loaded
      cells and diluted into Na+-free media, intracellular acidification was observed,
      followed several minutes later by a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive
      alkalinization process. The initial acidification was probably due to the
      operation of an Na+-H+ antiport, since Na+ exit was occurring simultaneously with
      H+ entry. When Na+-loaded cells were diluted into Na+-containing media, the
      subsequent addition of glucose resulted in a weak acidification, presumably due
      to H+ entry in exchange for Na+ (driven by the ATPase) plus a continuous passive
      influx of Na+. All of the data presented are consistent with the combined
      operation of an ATP-driven proton pump and an Na+ -H+ exchange reaction.

PMID- 4030696
TI  - Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus in a comparison of the growth efficiencies of
      thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobes.
AB  - Maintenance coefficients and theoretical maximum growth yields, with respect to
      both substrate and ATP, were estimated for Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus growing
      in a glucose-limited, continuous culture. A comparison of these values with those
      for other bacteria showed that, contrary to predictions by others, anaerobic
      thermophiles had neither low observed growth yields nor high maintenance energy
      coefficients.

PMID- 4030697
TI  - Role of protein subunits in Proteus rettgeri penicillin G acylase.
AB  - Penicillin G acylase from Proteus rettgeri is an 80,000- to 90,000-dalton enzyme
      composed of two nonidentical subunits. Both subunits were required for enzymatic
      activity. The 65,000-dalton beta subunit contained a phenylmethylsulfonyl
      fluoride-sensitive residue required for enzymatic activity, and the 24,500-dalton
      alpha subunit contained the domain that imparts specificity for the penicillin
      side chain.

PMID- 4030698
TI  - Sucrose uptake is driven by the Na+ electrochemical potential in the marine
      bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus.
AB  - Na+ was found to be essential for the accumulation of sucrose by Vibrio
      alginolyticus. Sucrose uptake was completely inhibited by the addition of proton
      conductor at neutral pH, but not at alkaline pH, where the primary electrogenic
      Na+ pump generates the Na+ electrochemical gradient. We therefore conclude that
      sucrose transport is driven by the electrochemical potential of Na+ in this
      organism.

PMID- 4030699
TI  - Patterns of attrition for psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments of
      depression.
AB  - Patient characteristics associated with early termination from psychosocial and
      pharmacologic treatments of depression were delineated. Patients were 125 female
      primary nonbipolar depressives randomly assigned to 12 weeks of protocol
      treatment in one of four conditions: social skills training plus placebo; short
      term psychotherapy plus placebo; amitriptyline alone; and social skills training
      plus amitriptyline. Results indicated that premature terminators from
      pharmacotherapy tended to be mildly depressed and intolerant of medication side
      effects. In contrast, dropouts from psychosocial treatment were more severely
      depressed and dissatisfied with the lack of early response which often
      accompanies interventions of this type. These findings may support the use of
      short-term psychosocial approaches in lieu of pharmacotherapy in mild
      nonendogenous depressions. However, antidepressant medication, either alone or in
      conjunction with psychosocial treatment, should continue to be considered the
      treatment of choice in more severely depressed melancholic patients.

PMID- 4030700
TI  - Posttraumatic flashbacks, dream disturbances, and mental imagery.
AB  - Posttraumatic flashbacks or revisualizations are a well-established symptom of
      posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These episodes are capable of precipitating
      accidents. In this two-part study, the results of a previous pilot study which
      demonstrated an association between flashbacks and dream disturbances are
      confirmed. Such an association may be of use in prediction which PTSD patients
      are vulnerable to flashbacks. In addition, a comparison is made between flashback
      PTSD patients and other PTSD patients using the Impact of Event Scale. Flashback
      patients reported more frequent intrusive items on average and, specifically,
      more frequent daytime mental imagery. The implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 4030701
TI  - Combat-related flashbacks in posttraumatic stress disorder: phenomenology and
      similarity to panic attacks.
AB  - Combat veterans (N = 25) with posttraumatic stress disorder had flashbacks
      related to their combat stressors, which included major losses and exposure to
      danger. Certain affects, loud noises, fatigue, and personal stress tended to
      precipitate flashback episodes. Flashbacks began a year or more after exposure to
      combat in 50% of patients; 56% of patients experienced daily flashbacks.
      Flashback phenomenology met DSM-III criteria for panic attacks. The similarity of
      flashbacks to panic attacks suggests treatment trials with monoamine oxidase
      inhibitors or imipramine for these selected symptoms.

PMID- 4030702
TI  - Olfactory precipitants of flashbacks in posttraumatic stress disorder: case
      reports.
AB  - The phenomenon of vivid flashbacks elicited by olfactory stimuli is described in
      two combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although many
      sensory and cognitive cues can elicit flashback phenomena, smell has distinctive
      characteristics that make evocation of vivid olfactory memories particularly
      likely. It is recommended that clinicians inquire specifically about olfactory
      precipitants when evaluating combat veterans disabled by PTSD flashbacks.

PMID- 4030703
TI  - Concurrent depression and dementia: implications for diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - The need to distinguish between depression and dementia is well recognized and
      has been much discussed, but the coexistence of the two illnesses has received
      less attention. Three cases are presented which corroborate previous reports of
      the coexistence of dementia and depression but also raise other issues. It is
      suggested that this diagnosis should not be viewed as an "either/or" decision,
      but that each diagnosis should be considered independently. The cases illustrate
      that the type of depression present may vary and that an accurate assessment of
      dementia may be possible only after depressive symptoms have abated. Other issues
      encountered in this clinical situation are discussed.

PMID- 4030704
TI  - Carbamazepine in mixed frontal lobe and psychiatric disorders.
AB  - Carbamazepine was given to five patients with mixed frontal lobe disease and a
      variety of primary psychiatric disorders. All five patients benefited
      significantly. A decrease in affective lability was the most consistent result.
      Carbamazepine may be an alternative to chronic high-dose neuroleptic therapy in
      these patients.

PMID- 4030705
TI  - Auditory hallucinosis and atypical tic disorder: case reports.
AB  - Two patients with tic disorders and intermediate hallucinatory experiences are
      described. It is suggested that clinicians evaluating patients with tic disorders
      may wish to inquire routinely about unusual auditory experiences. Further
      research will be necessary to determine the implications of these experiences
      among children with tic disorders.

PMID- 4030706
TI  - Partial resolution of ranitidine-associated delirium with physostigmine: case
      report.
AB  - A healthy 25-year-old woman experienced probable ranitidine-induced confusion
      that partially resolved with intravenous physostigmine. The only known prior
      report of confusion associated with this relatively new agent was in a severely
      ill 86-year-old woman. Clinicians should be alert for mental status changes with
      ranitidine and consider a trial of physostigmine when indicated.

PMID- 4030707
TI  - Psychiatric patients at high risk for rhabdomyolysis.

PMID- 4030708
TI  - Peripheral blood lymphocyte numbers, lymphocyte proliferative responses in vitro,
      and serum immunoglobulins in regular hemapheresis donors.
AB  - Selected tests of lymphoid function were used to screen a population of volunteer
      hemapheresis donors. Testing included: 1) absolute lymphocyte numbers, and
      percentage of T-cell, B-cell, and mononuclear phagocytes, 2) serum
      immunoglobulins, and, 3) in vitro proliferative responses to lectin mitogens
      (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen), soluble antigens
      (staphylococcal filtrate, candida, and streptococcal varidase), and cell-bound
      alloantigens (mixed lymphocyte culture). A control population of first-time
      plateletpheresis donors was examined similarly. Regular donors manifested a small
      but statistically significant decrease in absolute lymphocyte counts (p less than
      0.02), and IgM (p less than 0.02) compared to controls. Leukapheresis donors also
      manifested significant decreases in percentage of T cells (p less than 0.02).
      These findings are qualitatively similar to changes reported following intensive
      lymphocytapheresis and indicate the need for conservative policies regarding
      donation frequency in hemapheresis programs.

PMID- 4030709
TI  - The clinical effectiveness and safety of chronic plasmapheresis in patients with
      primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic nonsuppurative, destructive
      cholangitis, whose etiology is unknown. Morbidity arises early from pruritus and
      later from hypercholesterolemia with xanthoma formation. Therapy is supportive
      and directed at the complications of cholestasis. Plasmapheresis has been
      reported to benefit patients with hyperlipidemia and PBC; thus a pilot study of
      plasmapheresis utilizing the Haemonetics Model 30 with replacement by albumin and
      saline was conducted. Five patients (four female and one male) with a mean age of
      43 (range 29-58) and a mean duration of illness of 9.5 years (range 6-21) with
      marked jaundice, xanthomas, xanthelasma, hepatomegaly, fatigability, anorexia,
      and pruritus, as well as mild nausea were studied. Peripheral neuropathy was
      present in two patients. Two patients had splenomegaly. Two patients had an
      associated Sjogren syndrome. All patients had high serum bilirubin, alkaline
      phosphatase, and cholesterol levels and mild elevations in aspartate amino
      transferase and alanine amino transferase activities. Immune complexes measured
      in four patients were present. Antimitochondrial antibody titers were significant
      in all patients. Patients underwent a mean of 63 plasmapheresis procedures over a
      mean of 112 weeks removing a mean of 94.7 liters of plasma. No serious toxicity
      was seen. All patients showed a reduction in pruritus, xanthomas, xanthelasmas,
      and serum cholesterol values. The two patients who had evidence of Sjogren
      syndrome noted subjective improvement. All patients who had fatigue, anorexia and
      nausea also noted moderate improvement. There was no change in hepatomegaly or
      splenomegaly in patients demonstrating such organomegaly. Liver function did not
      change significantly. Overall, four patients had improvement in their condition
      and one patient achieved stability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030710
TI  - Continuous-flow techniques for platelet concentrate collection: a step toward
      standardization and yield predictability.
AB  - This study chronicles leukocyte- and erythrocyte-depleted platelet concentrate
      collection by a dual stage channel in which three variables: 1) donor peripheral
      blood platelet concentration, 2) total blood processed, and 3) collection volume
      were statistically correlated with platelet yield as determined by a multiple
      regression analysis of single variables. Platelet concentration in the final
      yield was related to donor precount and collection rate, and could be varied as
      indicated for individual applications. Total blood processed was established by
      procedure time, which in turn was defined by citrate-induced calcium changes in
      the donor. Reduction in peripheral blood platelet concentration averaged 24% for
      a mean platelet yield of 3.8 X 10(11). An average of 40% of transfused platelet
      concentrates were recovered in recipient peripheral blood 1 hr posttransfusion
      and were hemostatically effective, as determined by correction of bleeding time.
      Platelet yields and patient response were sustained during current collection
      procedures, verifying the principles described during the investigative period.

PMID- 4030711
TI  - Plasma exchange in six patients with advanced cancers of the head and neck.
AB  - Six patients with advanced squamous cell cancers of the head and neck, with serum
      IgA greater than or equal to 400 mg/dl and IgE less than or equal to 1000 IU/ml,
      underwent a trial of six 2-liter plasma exchanges over a 2-3-week period. Disease
      progressed in patients 1, 2, and 4, who died on days 44, 72, and 159. The tumor
      in patients 3 and 6 regressed significantly, repeatedly in patient 3 over each of
      four courses of apheresis. Tumor recurred in both patients after cessation of
      treatment, and they died at days 420 and 79. Patient 5, with inoperable disease,
      received full-dose radiotherapy immediately following the course of apheresis,
      and showed complete response in the primary lesion and a major response in the
      extensive lymph node metastases, dying on day 421 of apparently unrelated causes.
      Serum IgE in the three patients experiencing tumor regression rose paradoxically
      during plasmapheresis. Only patient 3 had an elevated level of soluble E-receptor
      suppressor factor prepheresis; the serum of patient 6 was lymphocytotoxic
      prepheresis but this activity decreased or disappeared during each of the
      exchanges studied. Controlled trials are now indicated.

PMID- 4030712
TI  - Platelet collection using the IBM 2997 cell separator.
AB  - Platelets were collected using the dual-channel module on the IBM 2997 Blood
      Fraction Separator. We carried out 320 procedures to harvest platelets for
      therapeutic purposes and yielded 5.1 +/- 1.5 X 10(11) platelets (mean +/- SD).
      Infusion into previously unsensitized recipients with hypomegakaryocytic
      thrombocytopenia achieved increments at 1 hr of 19 +/- 7.3 X 10(9)/liter/m2 (mean
      +/- SD) and at 24 hr of 15 +/- 6.3 X 10(9)/liter/m2. The only consistent donor
      reaction was mild hypocalcaemia, easily corrected by calcium gluconate infusion.
      Changes in donor packed-cell volume and white cell count were not statistically
      altered (p greater than 0.05) but donor platelet counts fell from 216 +/- 43.1 X
      10(9)/liter to 162.5 +2- 41.7 X 10(9)/liter (mean +/- SD) (p less than 0.01).
      Additional plateletphereses were carried out in seven normal volunteers, using
      the same technique, in order that the function of the harvested platelets could
      be studied. Following radiochromium labelling and reinfusion into the same
      donors, normal in vivo recoveries were obtained at 10 min (59.4 +/- 3.4%; mean +/
      SD) and platelet mean life span was also normal (218 +/- 12 hr; mean +/- SD).
      Furthermore, in vitro platelet factor III availability and aggregation patterns
      of the harvested platelets did not differ from control values and their
      ultrastructural appearance was normal.

PMID- 4030713
TI  - Calcium binding to troponin C and troponin: effects of Mg2+, ionic strength and
      pH.
AB  - Calcium binding to troponin C and troponin was examined by a metallochromic
      indicator method under various conditions to obtain a further understanding of
      the regulatory roles of these proteins in muscle contraction. Troponin C has four
      Ca binding sites, of which 2 sites have a high affinity of 4.5 X 10(6) M-1 for
      Ca2+ and the other 2 sites have a low affinity of 6.4 X 10(4) M-1 in a reaction
      medium consisting of 100 mM KCl, 20 mM MOPS-KOH pH 6.80 and 0.13 mM
      tetramethylmurexide at 20 degrees C. Magnesium also binds competitively to both
      the high and low affinity sites: the apparent binding constants are 1,000 M-1 and
      520 M-1, respectively. Contrary to the claim by Potter and Gergely (J. Biol.
      Chem. 250, 4628-4633, 1975), the low affinity sites are not specific only for
      Ca2+. The high and low affinity sites of troponin C showed different dependence
      on the ionic strength: the high affinity sites were similar to GEDTA, while the
      low affinity sites were similar to calmodulin, which has a steeper ionic strength
      dependence than GEDTA. Ca binding to troponin C was not affected by change of pH
      between 6.5 and 7.2. Troponin I enhanced the apparent affinity of troponin C for
      Ca2+ to a value similar to that for troponin. Trifluoperazine also increased Ca
      binding to troponin C. Troponin has four Ca binding sites as does troponin C, but
      the affinities are so high that the precise analysis was difficult by this
      method. The apparent binding constants for Ca2+ and Mg2+ were determined to be
      3.5 X 10(6) M-1 and 440 M-1, respectively, for low affinity sites under the same
      conditions as for troponin C, being independent of change in pH between 6.5 and
      7.2. The competitive binding of Mg2+ to the low affinity sites of troponin is
      consistent with the results of Kohama (J. Biochem. 88, 591-599, 1980). The
      estimate for the high affinity sites is compatible with the reported results.

PMID- 4030714
TI  - Paratropomyosin: a new myofibrillar protein that modifies the actin-myosin
      interaction in postrigor skeletal muscle. I. Preparation and characterization.
AB  - A protein component which is released from skeletal-muscle myofibrils on the
      treatment with Ca2+ at concentrations above 10(-5) M and modifies the actin
      myosin interaction was purified by a method involving column chromatography on
      Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-cellulose in succession. Although this protein resembles
      tropomyosin in some physicochemical properties, it has the same chain weight of
      34,000 as the alpha-component of tropomyosin on SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and differed from tropomyosin not only in the amino acid
      composition but also in prolonging the clearing phase of superprecipitation of
      reconstituted actomyosin. We therefore concluded that this protein is a new
      myofibrillar one, and termed it "paratropomyosin." In postrigor muscle, it seems
      likely that paratropomyosin is released from its original locus with an increased
      concentration of Ca2+, and that it weakens rigor linkages formed between actin
      and myosin.

PMID- 4030715
TI  - Difference in enzymatic properties between alpha-thrombin-staphylocoagulase
      complex and free alpha-thrombin.
AB  - The steady-state kinetic parameters of human alpha-thrombin and the alpha
      thrombin-staphylocoagulase complex as to the chromogenic substrate, H-D-Phe-Pip
      Arg-p-nitroanilide (S-2238), were determined. At pH 8.0 and 37 degrees C, the Km
      values for alpha-thrombin and the complex for S-2238 were 7.9 microM and 7.7
      microM, respectively. The kcat of this amidase reaction catalyzed by the complex
      was 127 s-1, which had apparently decreased from the kcat of 197 s-1 determined
      for free alpha-thrombin. This difference in the kinetic parameter between alpha
      thrombin and the complex was also observed using the fluorogenic substrate, Boc
      Val-Pro-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide. Moreover, the fibrinogen clotting activity
      of the alpha-thrombin-staphylocoagulase complex was less than half that of alpha
      thrombin, suggesting that the alpha-thrombin active site in the complex is
      different in catalytic ability from that of free alpha-thrombin. Other evidence
      supporting this view was as follows: The alpha-thrombin-staphylocoagulase complex
      is insensitive to antithrombin III, the complex shows much weaker binding to
      hirudin, as compared to free alpha-thrombin, and the amidase pH-profiles of the
      complex and free alpha-thrombin differ from each other. These results indicate
      that the microenvironment of the active site of alpha-thrombin is significantly
      altered by the complex formation with staphylocoagulase.

PMID- 4030716
TI  - A common linkage saccharide unit between teichoic acids and peptidoglycan in cell
      walls of Bacillus coagulans.
AB  - Teichoic acid-glycopeptide complexes were isolated from lysozyme digests of the
      cell walls of Bacillus coagulans AHU 1631, AHU 1634, and AHU 1638, and the
      structure of the teichoic acid moieties and their linkage regions was studied. On
      treatment with hydrogen fluoride, each of the complexes gave a hexosamine
      containing disaccharide, which was identified to be glucosyl(beta 1----4)N
      acetylglucosamine, in addition to dephosphorylated repeating units of the
      teichoic acids, namely, galactosyl(alpha 1----2)glycerol and either
      galactosyl(alpha 1----2)[glucosyl(alpha 1----1/3)]glycerol (AHU 1638) or
      galactosyl(alpha 1----2)[glucosyl(beta 1----1/3)]glycerol (AHU 1631 and AHU
      1634). From the results of Smith degradation, methylation analysis, and partial
      acid hydrolysis, the teichoic acids from these strains seem to have the same
      backbone chains composed of galactosyl(alpha 1----2)glycerol phosphate units
      joined by phosphodiester bonds at C-6 of the galactose residues. The presence of
      the disaccharide, glucosyl(beta 1----4)N-acetylglucosamine, in the linkage
      regions between teichoic acids and peptidoglycan was confirmed by the isolation
      of a disaccharide-linked glycopeptide fragment from each complex after treatment
      with mild alkali and of a teichoic acid-linked saccharide from each cell wall
      preparation after treatment with mild acid. Thus, it is concluded that despite
      structural differences in the glycosidic branches, the teichoic acids in the cell
      walls of the three strains are linked to peptidoglycan through a common linkage
      saccharide, glucosyl (beta 1----4) N-acetylglucosamine.

PMID- 4030717
TI  - Stimulation by glucocorticoids of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes
      and the proliferation of rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture.
AB  - Hydrocortisone stimulated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, a characteristic of
      the cartilage phenotype, of rabbit costal chondrocytes in confluent quiescent
      culture, as judged by the incorporations of [35S]sulfate and [3H]glucosamine.
      Hydrocortisone also stimulated incorporation of [3H]serine into proteoglycan. The
      stimulation of GAG synthesis by hydrocortisone was dose-dependent and maximal at
      a physiological concentration of 10(-7) M. Hydrocortisone also stimulated GAG
      synthesis in cultures in the log-phase of growth. In this case, its maximal
      effect was observed at a concentration of 10(-6) M. The magnitude of the increase
      of GAG synthesis in response to hydrocortisone was larger in confluent culture
      than in log-phase cultures. Hydrocortisone stimulated DNA synthesis dose
      dependently, and its effect was observable at a physiological concentration.
      However, no stimulation of DNA synthesis by hydrocortisone was observed in serum
      free medium, in contrast to that of GAG synthesis. Hydrocortisone also increased
      protein synthesis and the cell number. Dexamethasone also stimulated the
      syntheses of both GAG and DNA. These results show that glucocorticoids stimulated
      both the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes and the proliferation of rabbit
      costal chondrocytes in culture. Moreover, the effect of glucocorticoids was
      primarily on the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes and its effect on
      proliferation was permissive.

PMID- 4030718
TI  - Denaturation of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase by guanidine hydrochloride.
      Correlation between enzymatic activity and molecular state.
AB  - Bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), a hexameric enzyme, undergoes subunit
      dissociation, denaturation, and inactivation in the presence of guanidine
      hydrochloride (GdnHCl), depending on the denaturant concentration. The
      correlation between the enzymatic activity and the molecular state of GDH, and
      the reconstitution of native hexamer from subunits after the removal of GdnHCl
      were examined by measuring the enzymatic activity and CD spectrum in the far
      ultraviolet region. It was found that only the hexameric form of GDH has
      enzymatic activity, and the reconstitution of the hexamer with full enzymatic
      activity from the trimeric form which has native polypeptide chain structure can
      be achieved by the removal of GdnHCl. On the other hand, the recovery of
      enzymatic activity from the dissociated form in more concentrated GdnHCl solution
      where unfolding of the polypeptide chain takes place showed an exponential
      decrease with increasing incubation time in the GdnHCl solution. The time
      constant for the decay of enzymatic activity with respect to the incubation time
      was almost the same as that for unfolding of the polypeptide chain (followed by
      CD spectroscopy). It is suggested on the basis of these experimental results that
      the failure of reconstitution of GDH hexamer from subunits produced at high
      denaturant concentration is due to failure in the refolding of the unfolded
      subunit to the correct three-dimensional structure of the polypeptide chain
      rather than in the reassociation process from subunits.

PMID- 4030719
TI  - Purification and some properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from
      Brevibacterium flavum and its aspartate-overproducing mutant.
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylases (PC) were purified from a wild strain and
      an aspartate-producing mutant of Brevibacterium flavum to electrophoretic
      homogeneity. The molecular weights of the enzymes were determined to be 4.1 X
      10(5) by the gel-filtration technique. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the enzyme gave only one protein band with a molecular weight
      of 1.07 X 10(5). The enzyme was labile and stabilized by substrate PEP,
      activators, metallic cofactors, an allosteric inhibitor and ammonium sulfate. The
      mechanism for the PC reaction was rapid equilibrium random Bi Bi with a dead end
      complex, enzyme-bicarbonate-Pi. The KmS for PEP and bicarbonate were 2.5 and 0.63
      mM, respectively, and the apparent KmS were not affected by the secondary
      substrate concentrations. Dissociation constants for Pi of enzyme-Pi and the dead
      end complex were 5.0 and 16 mM, respectively. Aspartate inhibition was completely
      competitive with both the substrates, PEP and bicarbonate, with an inhibitor
      constant of 0.044 mM. An activator, acetyl-CoA, did not alter the apparent Km for
      bicarbonate but decreased that for PEP. The activator constants for the enzyme
      PEP complex and free enzyme were 6.3 and 40 microM, respectively. Double
      reciprocal plots of reaction rate against PEP concentration were not linear at
      lower PEP concentrations. Hill coefficients for PEP were 1.6 in the absence of
      any effectors, 1.0 in the presence of acetyl-CoA, and 2.3 in the presence of
      aspartate. As to the mutant enzyme, only the inhibitor constant for aspartate was
      increased, being 0.18 mM, but other constants, coefficients, as described above,
      and specific activity were almost the same as those of the wild-type enzyme.

PMID- 4030720
TI  - Splice-site signals of mRNA precursors as revealed by computer search. Site
      specific mutagenesis and thalassemia.
AB  - Many eukaryotic genes are interrupted by introns, which are removed from mRNA
      precursors by the RNA splicing mechanism. Although nucleotide sequences around
      splice sites have considerable homology among various genes, exact splice-site
      signals are unknown. Previously, applying the computer searching method to
      primary nucleotide sequences of various genes, we studied what kinds of patterns
      are the necessary and sufficient sequences for recognition of the 5'-slice site
      (donor site). We proposed that four common patterns, AG/GTA, /GTAAGT, RG/GTGAG,
      and AG/GTXXGT, where R = A or G and X = A, T, G, or C, are often used as such
      signals. In the present paper, we examined a number of experimental results on
      site-specific mutagenesis around donor sites and on alpha- and beta-thalassemia
      in globin genes, and found that the above four common patterns could explain
      almost all of those results.

PMID- 4030721
TI  - Energy-independent protection of the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of
      mitochondria against anoxic damage by ATP and its non-metabolizable analogs.
AB  - Preservation of the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of mitochondria by
      addition of ATP under anaerobic conditions was analyzed by use of non
      metabolizable adenine nucleotide analogs. The capacity was well preserved in the
      presence of ATP and did not require the hydrolysis of ATP, since ATP analogs,
      such as beta, gamma-methylene adenosine triphosphate (AMPPCP), alpha, beta
      methylene adenosine triphosphate (AMPCPP), and adenylyl imidodiphosphate
      (AMPPNP), were as effective as ATP. These analogs were incorporated into
      mitochondria through ATP/ADP translocase to maintain the original level of total
      adenine nucleotides in the mitochondria. ADP apparently had the same effect as
      ATP, but its effect was shown to be due to ATP generated from it by adenylate
      kinase in mitochondria. An analog of ADP, alpha, beta-methylene adenosine
      diphosphate (AMPCP), which was found to be a substrate of the translocase but not
      of adenylate kinase, could not replace ADP or ATP. From these results, it was
      concluded that the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of mitochondria was
      maintained by ATP, but not ADP, through a process not requiring energy.

PMID- 4030722
TI  - Induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes in primary cultured rat
      hepatocytes by clofibric acid.
AB  - Rat hepatocytes were cultured for 72 h with or without the addition of 0.5 mM
      clofibric acid. The activities of individual enzymes of the peroxisomal beta
      oxidation pathway (acyl-CoA oxidase, enoyl-CoA hydratase-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase bifunctional protein, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase) decreased in the
      control culture, but markedly increased synchronously in the clofibric acid
      treated culture. The levels of mRNAs coding for these enzymes and the rates of
      synthesis of the enzymes were also elevated in the clofibric acid-treated
      culture, although no proportional relationship was observed between the time
      dependent changes of these parameters. The increase in mRNAs was much higher than
      the increase in the rate of synthesis of the enzymes. The activity of catalase,
      its mRNA level and the rate of its synthesis were slightly affected. The effects
      of clofibric acid on the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes and catalase in
      primary cultured hepatocytes were very similar to those observed in vivo. These
      results, therefore, suggest that primary culture of hepatocytes should provide a
      useful means for investigating the mechanism of induction of peroxisomal enzymes
      and the mechanism of action of peroxisome proliferators.

PMID- 4030723
TI  - Purification and characterization of NADH oxidase from a strain of Leuconostoc
      mesenteroides.
AB  - An NADH oxidase was purified to homogeneity from Leuconostoc mesenteroides with a
      specific activity 100-fold higher than that of the crude extract. The purified
      NADH oxidase was an acidic protein having an S0 20,W of 5.49S and a molecular
      weight of 104,000, consisting of a dimer with 53,000 subunit size. The enzyme
      could use O2, dichlorophenolindophenol and methylene blue as oxidants, but not
      H2O2, cytochrome c, or ferricyanide. The physiological substrate was beta-NADH
      (Km = 0.12 mM) with O2 as the oxidant, probably forming H2O, rather than H2O2.
      Activity toward alpha-NADH was observed (Km = 0.14 mM), but the maximum velocity
      was 3 orders of magnitude lower than that with beta-NADH. alpha-NADPH and beta
      NADPH were inert for the reaction. The enzyme showed a flavoprotein absorption
      spectrum with maxima at 273, 379, and 450 nm with a shoulder at 465 nm: the
      absorption at 450-465 nm disappeared on adding excess NADH or hydrosulfite. One
      mol of the holoenzyme contained approximately 2 mol of FAD. The apoenzyme was
      obtained by treatment with EDTA-KBr solution and could be reconstituted partially
      by adding FAD, but not riboflavin or FMN. The maximum activity of the reaction
      was observed at pH 6.5 in a temperature range of 35-45 degrees C. The activation
      energy was estimated to be 3.77 kcal/mol. The enzyme was inhibited by SH
      reagents, quinacrine, quinine, and Cu2+, but not by EDTA. Adenine and its
      nucleoside 5'-di- and triphosphates showed competitive inhibitions, while various
      metabolites, such as H2O2, FDP, acetyl phosphate, lactate, ethanol, and acetate,
      did not affect the reaction.

PMID- 4030724
TI  - Further study on polyamines in primitive unicellular eukaryotic algae.
AB  - The possible usefulness of polyamines as chemotaxonomic markers has been
      investigated in eukaryotic algae. Polyamines were analyzed in 12 species of
      primitive unicellular eukaryotic algae including some anomalous species.
      Norspermidine and norspermine in addition to putrescine and spermidine are widely
      distributed in most unicellular species of the algae. However, neither
      norspermidine nor norspermine was found in the taxonomically conflicting algae,
      Cyanophora and Glaucocystis, which contain cyanellae, or in a primitive red alga,
      Porphyridium. A thermoacidophilic eukaryotic alga, Cyanidium, is rich in both
      norspermidine and norspermine. Appreciable amounts of spermine and sym
      homospermidine were detected only in the species belonging to the Rhodophyta (red
      algae).

PMID- 4030725
TI  - The binding of a thyroid hormone metabolite, 3-monoiodo-L-thyronine, to bovine
      serum albumin as measured by circular dichroism.
AB  - The interaction between a thyroid hormone metabolite, 3-monoiodo-L-thyronine (3
      T1) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by using the CD method. An
      enhanced CD band was observed at the absorption wavelength region of 3-T1 around
      293 nm suggesting the binding of 3-T1 to the BSA molecule. The ellipticity at 293
      nm was measured at various molar ratios of 3-T1 to BSA, and the apparent binding
      constant and the maximum number of binding sites could be estimated as Kapp =
      8.85 +/- 1.07 X 10(4) M-1 and n = 23.8 +/- 0.9 respectively. The CD of a mixture
      of BSA, 3-T1 and thyroxine (T4) was also studied at various pH's. The pH profile
      of the two characteristic CD bands at 293 nm and 320 nm, attributed to bound 3-T1
      and T4, suggested that the optimum binding condition of 3-T1 was attained at
      alkaline pH of around 9, while that of T4 was attained over a wide pH range
      between 5-10. A significant role of the ionized 4'-hydroxyl group of 3-T1 in the
      binding reaction with BSA is also suggested.

PMID- 4030726
TI  - Aspartate aminotransferase isozymes from rabbit liver. Purification and
      properties.
AB  - Cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate:2
      oxoglutarate aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.1] ) were purified to homogeneity from
      rabbit liver. The rabbit liver isozymes were closely similar to the corresponding
      isozymes from other sources, including human heart, pig heart, chicken heart, and
      rat liver, in their molecular weights, absorption spectra, amino acid
      compositions, isoelectric points, and Michaelis constants for the substrates. The
      NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of rabbit liver isozymes were identified up to
      30 residues, and showed some differences from those of the corresponding isozymes
      obtained from other animals so far studied.

PMID- 4030727
TI  - Appearance of new hepatic glucocorticoid binding proteins under various stressful
      conditions: relation to endogenous glucocorticoid secretion.
AB  - When rats were subjected to the stress of burns, tumors, or partial hepatectomy,
      a notable new peak of glucocorticoid binding protein appeared on DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography. This peak accompanied the original peak, which was the only
      dominant peak in intact rats. The appearance of the new binding protein was
      concomitant with a high rise in serum corticosterone levels. The new peak was
      eluted with 0.12-0.14 M NaCl and another, small new peak with 0.02-0.03 M NaCl,
      while the original peak of intact rats was eluted with 0.05-0.08 M NaCl. In rats
      adrenalectomized prior to the stress, the new peaks did not appear. To mimic
      these stressful conditions which provoked a burst of endogenous glucocorticoid,
      rats were administered with an exogenous high dose of dexamethasone (100
      micrograms/100 g B.W.) in vivo. The new peak eluted with 0.12-0.14 M NaCl was
      again observed and was more dominant in the hormone-treated rats than the
      stressed rats. These three peaks eluted with 0.02-0.03 M, 0.05-0.08 M, and 0.12
      0.14 M NaCl are called here Peak A, B, and C, respectively. This is the first
      demonstration of the effect of physiological changes in serum levels of
      glucocorticoid hormone on the nature of glucocorticoid binding protein by DEAE
      cellulose chromatography.

PMID- 4030728
TI  - Selective separation of tryptophan-containing peptides via hydrophobic
      modification with 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenylsulfenyl chloride.
AB  - Selective separation of tryptophan-containing peptides has been attempted using 2
      nitro-4-carboxyphenylsulfenyl chloride (NCps)-C1 as a reagent for hydrophobic
      modification of tryptophan. S-Carboxymethylated proteins were modified with NCps
      C1 in 70% acetic acid and digested with TPCK-trypsin, and the digests were
      fractionated, directly or after partial fractionation on a Sephadex G-25 column,
      by high performance liquid chromatography using a reverse phase column. The
      tryptophan-containing peptides from the tryptic digests of S-carboxymethylated
      hen-egg white lysozyme and Trimeresurus flavoviridis phospholipase A2 were thus
      selectively separated and the amino acid sequences were determined, showing the
      validity of the method. The phenylthiohydantoin derivative of 2-(2'-nitro-4'
      carboxyphenylthio)-L-tryptophan was synthesized and its spectroscopic and
      chromatographic properties determined, enabling us to identify the derivative on
      Edman sequencing.

PMID- 4030729
TI  - Release of hepatic mitochondrial ornithine transcarbamylase into the circulation
      in D-galactosamine-treated rats. Identification of serum ornithine
      transcarbamylase as the intact form of the mitochondrial enzyme.
AB  - A single injection of D-galactosamine into rats caused acute liver cell injury,
      and the activity of ornithine transcarbamylase in the serum increased about 600
      fold as compared with that in the normal serum. Some properties of the serum
      enzyme from galactosamine-treated rats have been studied together with those of
      the mitochondrial enzyme in liver. Both the enzyme activities gave similar pH
      profiles, showing an optimum of pH 8.5. Apparent Km values of the serum enzyme
      for ornithine under the standard conditions at pH 7.4 and pH 7.7 were 1.59 mM and
      0.94 mM, respectively, and those of the mitochondrial enzyme were 1.69 mM and
      0.97 mM, respectively. The Km value of the serum enzyme for carbamyl phosphate
      was 0.34 mM, which is similar to that of the mitochondrial enzyme. The
      mitochondrial enzyme was purified 78-fold to homogeneity with a 45% yield by
      ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment, 2nd ammonium sulfate
      fractionation, and phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B and CM-Sephadex C-50 column
      chromatographies. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 282 mumol of
      citrulline formed per mg of protein per min at 37 degrees C. The mitochondrial
      and serum enzymes have a molecular weight of 115,000 as determined by Sephacryl S
      300 gel filtration. Antibody specific for the mitochondrial enzyme was raised,
      and the immunological properties of the serum enzyme were examined. In
      immunoinhibition experiments, a decrease of the serum enzyme activity as well as
      the mitochondrial enzyme was observed on increasing the amount of the antibody.

PMID- 4030730
TI  - A comparative study of tropomyosin from vertebrate ventricles.
AB  - A comparative study of vertebrate ventricle tropomyosin has been carried out from
      the viewpoint of molecular evolution. The ventricles containing one-component
      tropomyosin were generally known, and in this paper those containing two
      components were also found in 8 species among mammals, reptiles, amphibia, and
      fish, but not among birds. The two components were concluded to be authentic
      tropomyosin and not artifacts since they showed lower electrophoretic mobilities
      in the presence of urea, and they were precipitated at pH 4.5 and bound to F
      actin. Studies on cysteine contents and cyanogen bromide cleavage peptide
      patterns revealed that the characteristics of the two tropomyosin components from
      pig, turtle, amphibia and carp ventricles varied increasingly in that order from
      typical alpha- and beta-characteristics as seen in rabbit skeletal muscle
      tropomyosin. The single component of chicken ventricle tropomyosin showed alpha
      component characteristics in its electrophoretic mobility and cysteine content,
      and beta component characteristics in cyanogen bromide cleavage peptide pattern.
      The two components of carp ventricle tropomyosin seemed to be the most primitive,
      having two cysteine residues per molecule and a cyanogen bromide cleavage peptide
      pattern different from those of the two components of rabbit skeletal muscle.

PMID- 4030731
TI  - A simple and rapid procedure for high-yield isolation of essentially undegraded
      free and membrane-bound polysomes from rat liver.
AB  - A procedure is described for the preparation of free and membrane-bound polysomes
      from rat liver. The procedure involves: differential centrifugation of liver
      homogenate to separate free and membrane-bound polysomes; treatment of the
      membrane-bound polysome fraction with a detergent to release bound polysomes from
      membranes; and magnesium precipitation of both classes of polysomes. Free and
      bound polysomes prepared in this manner were essentially undegraded and highly
      active in cell-free protein synthesis. The recovery of polysomes was nearly
      quantitative and the distribution between the free and membrane-bound state was
      41 and 59%, respectively. Polypeptides synthesized in vitro by the free and
      membrane-bound polysomes were quite different. The majority (81-84%) of mRNA
      activities of two secretory proteins (albumin and transferrin) were recovered in
      the membrane-bound polysomes, whereas the majority (81-85%) of mRNA activities of
      two cytosolic [aldolase B, EC 4.1.2.13, and argininosuccinate synthetase, EC
      6.3.4.5], one mitochondrial [ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3] and one
      peroxisomal [catalase, EC 1.11.1.6] proteins were recovered in the free
      polysomes. A polysome class synthesizing ornithine carbamoyltransferase was
      purified 42-fold from the free polysomes by immunoprecipitation. The procedure is
      rapid (4-5 h) and reproducible, and provides a nearly quantitative means of
      separating the two classes of polysomes.

PMID- 4030732
TI  - Role of alkaline phosphatase in phosphate uptake into brush border membrane
      vesicles from human intestinal mucosa.
AB  - In order to elucidate the physiological function of intestinal alkaline
      phosphatase, the characteristics of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase bound
      to brush border membrane vesicles were compared under optimal and physiological
      pHs. The Km value of this enzyme towards p-nitrophenylphosphate at the
      physiological pH was lower than that at the optimal pH. At the physiological pH,
      phosphate, arsenate and vanadate competitively inhibited the alkaline phosphatase
      activity, as they did at optimal pH, and the K1 values of these inhibitors at the
      physiological pH were also lower than those at the optimal pH. The effects of
      various inhibitors and antibody to human intestinal alkaline phosphatase on
      phosphate uptake into brush border membrane vesicles were investigated. The
      results indicated that phosphate uptake was affected by various inhibitors and
      the antibody to human intestinal alkaline phosphatase, but L-homoarginine,
      levamisole, and ouabain had no effect. From the above findings, it is strongly
      suggested that human intestinal alkaline phosphatase may function as a phosphate
      binding protein at low phosphate concentrations under physiological conditions.

PMID- 4030733
TI  - Proline iminopeptidase from Bacillus coagulans: purification and enzymatic
      properties.
AB  - Proline iminopeptidase [EC 3.4.11.5] was purified about 2,700-fold from cell-free
      extract of Bacillus coagulans by a series of column chromatographies on DEAE
      Toyopearl, PCMB-T-Sepharose, and hydroxyapatite, and gel filtration on Sephadex G
      150. The purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by disc gel electrophoresis.
      The enzyme was most active at pH 7.3 with Pro-beta-naphthylamide (Pro-2-NNap) as
      the substrate, and hydrolyzed Pro-X (X = amino acid including proline, peptide,
      amide, and arylamide) bonds when the proline residue was at the amino terminus.
      Pro-D-amino acid bonds were also susceptible to the enzyme. The enzyme was
      completely inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) and partially by proline
      but not by metal chelators, diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP), or
      phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). The enzyme inactivated with PCMB was
      reactivated by incubation with 2-mercaptoethanol. These results and the
      chromatographic profile on PCMB-T-Sepharose suggest that the enzyme is a
      sulfhydryl enzyme. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.0, and the molecular
      weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 40,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G
      100 and 35,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, indicating
      that the enzyme exists as a monomer.

PMID- 4030734
TI  - Affinity chromatography of urokinase on an agarose derivative coupled with
      pyroglutamyl-lysyl-leucyl-argininal.
AB  - Pyroglutamyl-lysyl-leucyl-argininal (Pyr-Lys-Leu-Argal) immobilized on gel matrix
      through the epsilon-amino group of its lysine residue was shown to be an
      efficient biospecific affinity adsorbent for purification of urokinase. Pyr-Lys
      Leu-Argal dibutylacetal, a precursor of this immobilized ligand, was synthesized
      by a fragment condensation procedure, in which one of the thermolysin-digestion
      products of leupeptin dibutylacetal, H-Leu-Argal dibutylacetal, was used as a key
      intermediate. The precursor was coupled to CH-Sepharose 4B with the aid of a
      water-soluble carbodiimide, and its acetal protecting group was then removed by
      mild acid treatment to free the essential aldehyde function. The Sepharose
      derivative thus prepared was shown to adsorb urokinase selectively and
      effectively from a crude human urine preparation at neutral pH and to release the
      bound enzyme under mild acidic conditions. The present technique afforded a
      highly purified urokinase preparation abundant in the high-molecular form with
      90% recovery. The complex formed between urokinase and the immobilized ligand was
      found to have a dissociation constant of about 2 X 10(-4)M.

PMID- 4030735
TI  - ATP hydrolysis coupled to microtubule sliding in sea-urchin sperm flagella.
AB  - Using sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherimus) sperm flagella, ATP hydrolysis
      coupled to sliding movement of microtubules was investigated. Flagellar axonemes
      were pretreated with trypsin and the microtubules induced to slide by addition of
      ATP (50-1,000 microM) at 0-20 degrees C. Motion-dependent hydrolysis of ATP was
      observed immediately after the addition of ATP, the rate of which was higher than
      that of steady state hydrolysis in axonemes without trypsin-treatment, or after
      complete disintegration. The rate of hydrolysis of ATP divided by the sliding
      velocity of microtubules reflects the ATP consumption necessary per unit distance
      of microtubule sliding. This parameter varied according to the experimental
      conditions in that it increased when the ATP concentration or temperature was
      decreased. Our results suggest that there is not a strict stoichiometric
      relationship between ATP hydrolysis and sliding distance in the dynein-tubulin
      system, indicating that the mechanochemical coupling is different from that in
      beating axonemes.

PMID- 4030736
TI  - Thermophilic microspheres of peptide-like polymers and silicates formed at 250
      degrees C.
AB  - We examined the possibility of chemical evolution in superheated hydrothermal
      environments and found the formation of microspheres at 250 degrees C and above
      from a mixture of glycine, alanine, valine, and aspartic acid. The microspheres
      did not form at lower temperatures and consisted of silicates and peptide-like
      polymers that contained imide bonds and amino acid residues having an abundance
      of valine. The results show the possibility of thermophilic cellular structures,
      which might be adopted by the extremely thermophilic organisms, if they exist,
      reported by Baross and Deming.

PMID- 4030737
TI  - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies on intact erythrocytes.
      Determination of intracellular pH and time course changes in phosphorus
      metabolites.
AB  - A method to determine the intracellular pH of intact erythrocytes using
      phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is described. Changes in
      phosphorus metabolites due to the alkalization of intracellular pH were also
      examined. The normal erythrocytes gave signals of phosphate groups corresponding
      to 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, inorganic phosphate, ATP, and NAD. Among them, the
      separation between alpha and gamma peaks of ATP was shown to be a good indicator
      of the intracellular pH free from the perturbation caused by hemoglobin. This
      method enabled us to determine the intracellular pH of the erythrocytes without
      any pretreatment. The separation between alpha and gamma peaks of ATP was also
      dependent on the degree of complexation with Mg2+, and was consistent with
      approximately 80% of total ATP complexing with Mg2+ in the samples investigated
      here. The pKa value of ATP in the erythrocytes was estimated to be 6.1 at 23
      degrees C, which is lower than the value of 6.5 obtained for the Mg2+-free ATP
      solution. In the alkalized erythrocytes, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate were observed in addition to the metabolites found in
      the normal erythrocytes. Time course changes in these phosphorus metabolites were
      followed along with the intracellular pH monitored from ATP peaks.

PMID- 4030738
TI  - Intracellular proclotting enzyme in limulus (Tachypleus tridentatus) hemocytes:
      its purification and properties.
AB  - A proclotting enzyme associated with the hemolymph coagulation system of limulus
      (Tachypleus tridentatus) was highly purified from the hemocyte lysate. The first
      step of purification was performed by chromatography of the lysate on a pyrogen
      free dextran sulfate-Sepharose CL-6B column, which was essential for separation
      of the proclotting enzyme from its activator, named factor B. The following steps
      consisted of column chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Sephadex G-150,
      benzamidine-CH-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-300. Through these procedures, 1.4 mg of
      the purified material was obtained from 630 ml of the lysate and approximately
      300-fold purification was achieved. The preparation gave a single band on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the presence and
      absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The single-chain proclotting enzyme was a
      glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 54,000, and no gamma
      carboxyglutamic acid was detected. The proclotting enzyme was converted to its
      active form by purified factor B or by trypsin. The resulting clotting enzyme had
      a molecular weight of 54,000, consisting of a heavy chain of Mr = 31,000 and a
      light chain of Mr = 25,000. The serine active site of the clotting enzyme was
      found in the heavy chain. The chemical analyses of the isolated heavy and light
      chains indicated that the activation of the proclotting enzyme to its active form
      by factor B or trypsin is induced by a limited proteolysis, yielding two chains
      bridged by a disulfide linkage(s).

PMID- 4030739
TI  - Distinct difference in the polyamine compositions of bryophyta and pteridophyta.
AB  - Polyamine contents of various species of plants and fungi including Bryophyta,
      Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Lichenobionta were
      determined by the combination of six chromatographic techniques. Polyamines
      examined included putrescine, spermidine, spermine, 1,3-diaminopropane
      (diaminopropane), sym-norspermidine (norspermidine), sym-norspermine
      (norspermine), thermospermine, caldopentamine, homocaldopentamine, cadaverine,
      aminopropylcadaverine, sym-homospermidine (homospermidine), agmatine, and
      canavalmine. In addition to the widely occurring polyamines (putrescine,
      spermidine, and spermine), the "unusual" polyamines norspermidine and norspermine
      were found to be widely distributed in Bryophyta and Lichenobionta. These two
      polyamines were not detected in any species of Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, and
      fungi even though their possible precursor, diaminopropane, was found in some
      species. Homospermidine was one of the major polyamines in Bryophyta and
      Lichenobionta, and was detected in most species of Pteridophyta and sporadically
      in higher plants. Agmatine was detected in most species of Bryophyta and in
      certain species of Gymnospermae. These data suggest that norspermidine,
      norspermine, and homospermidine can serve as chemical phylogenic and taxonomic
      markers in Plantae and Fungi.

PMID- 4030740
TI  - Monocyte thromboplastin (tissue factor): complementary effect of lymphocytes upon
      its generation by endotoxin-stimulated monkey (Macaca fuscata) cells.
AB  - Monkey (Macaca fuscata) mononuclear leukocytes were stimulated to produce
      thromboplastin (tissue factor) upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide, LPS. The
      stimulation was dose-related in the concentration range of 10(-5) to 10(-1)
      micrograms/ml of LPS. Lipid A portion of the LPS molecule was essential to induce
      the leukocyte ability for tissue factor generation. Thus, a lipid-lipid
      interaction between LPS and the cells is a plausible trigger for eliciting the
      ability. Approximately 50% of the tissue factor thus produced appeared to be
      located on the cell surface, at which the coagulation cascade is probably
      initiated via the activation of factor VII. Among monkey mononuclear cell
      populations, monocytes were responsible for LPS-induced tissue factor production.
      Lymphocytes amplified the basal ability of monocytes to produce the factor by two
      fold at physiological lymphocyte-monocyte ratios of 8:1 to 10:1. This indicates a
      complementary effect of lymphocytes upon the LPS-mediated monocyte ability. The
      medium supernatant from LPS-stimulated lymphocytes affected the monocyte
      competence while the stimulated lymphocytes did not. This result suggests that a
      soluble product of lymphocytes, i.e., lymphokine-like mediator, but not the
      cellular entity, participates in LPS-induced tissue factor production of
      monocytes.

PMID- 4030741
TI  - Isolation and biological activities of limulus anticoagulant (anti-LPS factor)
      which interacts with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
AB  - Exposure of limulus hemocytes to bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, LPS)
      results in the activation of the intracellular clotting system, consisting of
      several protein components. During the separation of these components, a potent
      anticoagulant, named anti-LPS factor, which inhibits the endotoxin-mediated
      activation of the coagulation cascade, was found in hemocytes from both
      Tachypleus tridentatus and Limulus polyphemus (Tanaka, S., et al. (1982) Biochem.
      Biophys. Res. Commun. 105, 717-723). The principle isolated from the Tachypleus
      hemocyte lysate by column chromatographies on dextran sulfate-Sepharose CL-6B and
      Sephadex G-50 under sterile conditions was a simple basic protein with an
      apparent molecular weight of 15,000. It consisted of a single chain polypeptide
      containing a total of 128 amino acids. The COOH-terminal end was presumed to be
      histidine, but no NH2-terminal end reactive to phenylisothiocyanate was detected.
      The isolated anti-LPS factor specifically inhibited the endotoxin-mediated
      activation of factor C, which has recently been identified as an LPS-sensitive
      serine protease zymogen in the hemocytes. This inhibition appeared to be due to
      the binding of anti-LPS factor with LPS. Moreover, anti-LPS factor had an
      antibacterial effect on the growth of Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella
      minnesota R595 and 1114W) but not on that of Gram-positive bacteria
      (Staphylococcus aureus 209P). These biological activities of the isolated anti
      LPS factor suggest an important role in cellular defence of limulus against
      microbial invasion.

PMID- 4030742
TI  - Trypsin inhibitor in the hemolymph of a solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi.
      Purification and characterization.
AB  - A purified preparation of trypsin inhibitor was obtained from the hemolymph of a
      solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, by a procedure including trypsin
      Sepharose chromatography, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and Sephadex G-50 gel
      filtration. The product was a mixture of two isoinhibitors, inhibitors I and II.
      They were separated from each other by high-performance liquid chromatography on
      an anion exchanger column, and showed almost identical amino acid compositions.
      They were also indistinguishable in terms of apparent specific inhibitory
      activity against bovine trypsin when the activity was assayed with the inhibitors
      at rather high concentrations (greater than 50 nM). A large difference was
      observed between them, however, in the inhibition constants, which correspond to
      the dissociation constants of the inhibitor-trypsin complexes; the inhibition
      constant of inhibitor I was 90 pM, whereas that of inhibitor II was 4.7 nM. The
      molecular weights of inhibitors I and II were estimated to be 6,000 and 4,500,
      respectively, by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, while an almost
      identical value, 9,000, was obtained for both of them by gel filtration. The
      molecular weight calculated from the amino acid compositions was 5,929 for both.
      The isoelectric points were also identical, that is about 5.0. Both of the
      inhibitors were heat-stable. Ascidian inhibitor I also inhibited other trypsin
      like enzymes of mammalian origin, as well as those of ascidian origin.

PMID- 4030743
TI  - Amino acid sequences of cytochrome b5 from human, porcine, and bovine
      erythrocytes and comparison with liver microsomal cytochrome b5.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of human, porcine, and bovine erythrocyte cytochromes b5
      which are soluble and present in the cytosol have been determined. In addition,
      the partial sequences of microsome-bound liver cytochrome b5, namely the sequence
      of the N-terminal region and joint region between the heme-containing and
      membranous part, have been established for human and porcine sources. All the
      cytochromes b5 from erythrocyte and liver contained N-acetylated N-termini. Of
      the 97 amino acid residues of erythrocyte cytochrome b5, residues 1-96 were
      identical with those of the liver protein of the same species. However, residue
      97 (C-terminal residue) was proline for human erythrocyte cytochrome b5 and
      serine for the porcine protein, while residues 97 (joint region) of human and
      porcine liver cytochromes b5 were threonine. These findings indicate that the two
      forms of cytochrome b5 are encoded by two different but closely related mRNAs.

PMID- 4030745
TI  - Intermolecular fructosyl and levanbiosyl transfers by levan fructotransferase of
      Arthrobacter ureafaciens.
AB  - A purified levan fructotransferase preparation from the culture of the bacterium
      Arthrobacter ureafaciens, which produces di-D-fructose 2,6':6,2' dianhydride
      (difructose anhydride IV) from levan by an intramolecular levan fructosyl
      transfer (ILFT) reaction, was found to produce a trioligofructan and a
      tetraoligofructan from levan in the presence of levanbiose, indicating the
      intermolecular fructosyl and levanbiosyl transfer (LFT and LBT) reactions. The
      tri- and tetraoligofructans were identified to be levantriose and -tetraose
      respectively. Increase in the levanbiose concentration brought about increased
      production of both oligofructans with decreased formation of difructose anhydride
      IV, supporting the previous theory proposed by Tanaka et al. (1983) that the
      ILFT, LFT, and LBT reactions are catalyzed by the same enzyme. In addition, there
      existed a roughly stoichiometric relationship between the increase and decrease
      in the productions of these oligofructans, and the LBT reaction was found to
      occur more intensively than the LFT reaction. Acceptor specificity of the LFT and
      LBT reactions was studied using fifteen sugars including mono-, di-, and
      trisaccharides. The enzyme showed both of the reactions only with levanbiose, 
      triose, and kestose, indicating that the exposed non-reducing levanbiosyl residue
      was essential for the acceptor and suggesting the existence of a levanbiosyl
      acceptor site on the enzyme molecule.

PMID- 4030744
TI  - Structure of acidic polysaccharide from cell wall of Propionibacterium acnes
      strain C7.
AB  - The structure of polysaccharide prepared by lysozyme digestion from the cell wall
      of Propionibacterium acnes strain C7 was examined. The polysaccharide fraction
      was composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, galactosamine, and diaminomannuronic
      acid in a molar ratio of 1:1:0.3:1:2. By Smith degradation of the polysaccharide,
      diaminouronic acid-containing fractions were obtained, and the configuration of
      diaminouronic acid was identified as 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxymannuronic acid
      [Man(NAc)2A] by means of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analyses. The results
      of analyses involving methylation and partial acid hydrolysis led to the
      conclusion that the polysaccharide has the repeating unit----6)Gal(alpha 1---
      4)Man(NAc)2A(beta 1----6)Glc(alpha 1----4)Man(NAc)2A (beta 1----3)GalNAc(beta 1-
      . In addition, a portion of the galactose residues were substituted at C-4 by
      alpha 1----2 linked mannotriose.

PMID- 4030746
TI  - Immobilization of protein ligands on new formyl-spacer-carriers for the
      preparation of stable and high capacity affinity adsorbents.
AB  - New procedures to immobilize high concentrations of protein ligands by reductive
      amination on two types of formyl-carriers (I & II) having different spacer
      lengths were investigated in order to prepare stable and high-capacity adsorbents
      essential for efficient affinity chromatography. Formyl-carrier (I) was prepared
      by reductive amination with glutaraldehyde of the amino-carrier obtained on
      amination of an epoxy-activated carrier. Formyl-carrier (II) was prepared by
      sodium metaperiodate (NaIO4) treatment of a glyceryl-carrier obtained on
      hydrolysis of an epoxy-activated carrier. Especially high concentrations of
      protein ligands were immobilized on formyl-Sepharose 4B (I) under very mild
      conditions (pH 7.0, 4 degrees C). A series of lectins, one of the most useful
      classes of group-specific ligands, was successfully immobilized by the
      procedures. Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B (I) thus obtained exhibited an adsorption
      capacity five times greater than that of concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B made by
      Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, and could be repeatedly used over twenty times without
      a significant reduction in its adsorption capacity.

PMID- 4030747
TI  - Properties of porcine platelet myosin. II. Shape change of the molecule.
AB  - Porcine platelet myosin molecules were examined by electron microscopy for
      changes in their shape. At high ionic strength, the molecules were
      morphologically indistinguishable from skeletal muscle myosin, except for a
      slight difference in the bent regions of their tails. At physiological ionic
      strength, however, the following important difference was observed between the
      two myosins. Unlike skeletal muscle myosin, the filaments of nonphosphorylated
      platelet myosin could be disassembled by stoichiometric ATP into a monomeric form
      with sharply bent or folded tail, and reassembled after ATP hydrolysis. Similar
      disassembly changes could be induced by various nucleotide triphosphates (CTP,
      GTP, ITP, and UTP) and to a lesser extent by ADP, AMP, and AMPPNP. These results
      suggest that ATP binds to the hydrolytic sites in platelet myosin molecule and
      induces the molecular shape change.

PMID- 4030748
TI  - Involvement of C-terminal 14 residues of alkali light chain in binding to the
      heavy chain of myosin.
AB  - The alkali light chain of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin, A1, was cyanylated with
      2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid, and the peptide bond at Cys 177 was subsequently
      cleaved in the presence of 0.05 M CaCl2. Two peptide fragments, from the N
      terminal to the residue 176 (CF1) and from the residue 177 to the C-terminal
      (CF2), were obtained. The CD spectrum and the difference UV absorption spectrum
      induced by CaCl2 suggested that CF1 largely retained the higher order structure
      of A1. The CF1 fragment, however, could neither incorporate subfragment-1 (S-1)
      by an exchange reaction, nor bind with the renatured 20K fragment of S-1 heavy
      chain. On the other hand, the C-terminal fragment of 14 residues, CF2, could bind
      with the 20K fragment of S-1 heavy chain. These results indicate that the binding
      site of the alkali light chain for the heavy chain of myosin is located within
      the C-terminal 14 residues.

PMID- 4030749
TI  - Effect of dinitrophenyl modification on oxidation-reduction of glutathione
      reductase from yeast.
AB  - Covalent modification of glutathione reductase (GR) from yeast with 1-fluoro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene (FDNB) inhibited the NADPH-GSSG reductase activity completely.
      This modification also decreased the NADPH-thio-NADP+ transhydrogenase activity,
      stimulated the NADPH-oxidase activity, and induced the NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase activity. Spectrophotometric titration showed that one tyrosine residue
      per FAD was modified with a dinitrophenyl group. The modified enzyme showed
      conversion of the two-electron reduced form (EH2) to the four-electron reduced
      form (EH4) in anaerobic conditions and conversion of EH2 to the oxidized form (E)
      in aerobic conditions. These results indicate that the modification of one
      tyrosine residue of the active site induces the instability of EH2.

PMID- 4030750
TI  - Application of a fluorogenic reagent, ammonium 7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4
      sulfonate for detection of cystine-containing peptides.
AB  - A simple, sensitive and reliable method for the detection of cystine-containing
      peptides has been developed. A peptide bridged with a disulfide bond was reduced
      and cleaved with tributylphosphine, and then coupled with a thiol specific
      reagent, ammonium 7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulfonate, under alkaline
      conditions. After incubation at 60 degrees C for 1 h, the fluorescent derivative
      formed was measured with excitation at 385 nm and emission at 515 nm. The
      intensity of fluorescence labeled to the peptide was very stable and the peptide
      containing disulfide was quantitatively determined in the range of 100 pmol to 10
      nmol, when oxidized glutathione was used as a standard. This method was very
      useful for specific detection of cystine-containing peptides in the column
      effluents on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4030751
TI  - Crystallization of calcium-calmodulin-trifluoperazine complex and an attempt at
      crystallizing calcium-free calmodulin.
AB  - Crystals suitable for X-ray structure analysis were obtained for CaM complexed
      with both calcium ions and a phenothiazine drug, trifluoperazine (TFP). The
      TFP/CaM binding ratio in crystals was experimentally determined to be nearly 1.
      An attempt at crystallizing calcium-free calmodulin (CaM) resulted in rigid but
      non-birefringent solids which exhibited no X-ray reflections.

PMID- 4030752
TI  - Establishing a microcomputer lab in a medical university library.

PMID- 4030753
TI  - Electron microscopy as a tool for scientific illustrators.
AB  - Medical and biological illustrators can be aided in drawing small specimens by
      micrographs from the scanning (SEM) or transmission (TEM) electron microscope.
      These detailed photographs act as a reference because they show surface detail in
      exquisite resolution. To help the illustrator understand this tool, a functional
      explanation of the electron microscope is provided and techniques for application
      are presented.

PMID- 4030754
TI  - Complexities in the denaturation of horse metmyoglobin by guanidine
      hydrochloride.
AB  - The denaturation of horse metmyoglobin by guanidine hydrochloride was studied at
      pH 6.4 and 25 degrees C. Measurements of both the peptide circular dichroism and
      the absorbance in the Soret region suggest that the extent of renaturation
      strongly depends on the time interval during which the protein is exposed to
      concentrated solutions of the denaturant. From the equilibrium measurements of
      the absorption in the Soret region, it is concluded that the unfolding of
      metmyoglobin is complex. This is further supported by kinetic studies of
      denaturation which suggest the occurrence of the least four species in the
      reaction.

PMID- 4030755
TI  - Separation, purification, partial characterization and comparison of the heavy
      and light chains of botulinum neurotoxin types A, B, and E.
AB  - Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum neurotoxin (NT) in antigenically
      distinct forms. When isolated from bacterial cultures type E is a single chain,
      type B is a mixture of single and two-chain molecules, and type A is essentially
      a two-chain molecule (Mr approximately 150,000). Protease(s) in the cultures or
      trypsin nick single-chain NT to the two-chain form. The heavy (Mr approximately
      100,000) and light (Mr approximately 50,000) chains of the two-chain molecule
      remain held together by -S-S-bond(s). The two chains are presumed to have
      different functions. NT binds to nerve cells via the heavy chain and then light
      chain enters the cell and blocks release of acetylcholine (Simpson, L. L. (1981)
      Pharmacol. Rev. 33, 155-188). We nicked single-chain NT to form the two-chain
      form with trypsin, minimizing secondary cleavages, then separated and purified
      the heavy and light chains using ion-exchange chromatography. The technique, with
      minor modifications, is a generalized method for types A, B, and E. These subunit
      chains (each a single band in sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis) were analyzed for their complete amino acid compositions. The
      amino acid contents of the heavy and light chains agreed well with the parent two
      chain molecule. This affirms that NT is composed of two chains. The two subunit
      chains are now usable for amino acid sequence and other studies. Comparison of
      the amino acid contents indicates more similarity among the light chains than the
      heavy chains of the three NT types, a similarity that agrees with our published
      partial amino acid sequences (first 13-18 residues) of these chains. Several (up
      to 9) different amino acid residues of the heavy chain (which is twice the size
      of the light chain) are present in double the number of corresponding residues in
      the light chain.

PMID- 4030756
TI  - N tau-Ribosylhistidine, a novel histidine derivative in urine of histidinemic
      patients. Isolation, structure, and tissue level.
AB  - On amino acid analysis of urine of histidinemic patients, an unidentified
      compound was eluted in a position between beta-aminoisobutyric acid and gamma
      aminobutyric acid. This compound was purified to homogeneity from the urine by a
      combination of extraction with 80% ethanol, repeated column chromatography on Bio
      Rad AG-50, and high performance liquid chromatography on a strongly cationic ion
      exchanger. The compound yielded free histidine on hydrolysis in an evacuated
      sealed tube with 0.1-6.0 M HCl at 145 degrees C for 5 h, but not at 100 degrees C
      for 24 h. This compound was determined to be N tau-ribosylhistidine by 1H and 13C
      NMR spectroscopies. The urinary content of this material in normal and
      histidinemic children was 17.8 +/- 13.4 (n = 10) and 126 +/- 51 (n = 14) mumol/g
      creatinine (mean +/- S.D.), respectively, and were closely correlated with those
      of urinary histidine. The renal clearance value of N tau-ribosylhistidine in
      humans was 96% of that of creatinine. When rats were fed on diets rich in
      histidine, the urinary excretion of N tau-ribosylhistidine increased greatly and
      was well correlated with the intake of histidine.

PMID- 4030757
TI  - Peroxidase-catalyzed O-demethylation reactions. Quinone-imine formation from 9
      methoxyellipticine derivatives.
AB  - Despite numerous reports on the N-demethylation reactions catalyzed by
      peroxidases, to our knowledge, O-demethylation reactions with the same enzymes
      seem to be still a questionable matter. Unexpectedly, a peroxidase system
      (horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide) is able to effect the O
      demethylation of the cytotoxic agents 9-methoxyellipticine and N2-methyl-9
      methoxyellipticinium acetate. The reaction leads directly to the formation of the
      corresponding quinone-imine derivatives with the concomitant formation of one
      molecule of methanol per molecule of methoxy compound. One hydrogen peroxide
      molecule is consumed during the process. Experiments in H218O-enriched water
      clearly indicate that 18O is nearly quantitatively incorporated in the carbonyl
      group of the generated quinone-imine compound with the concomitant elimination of
      the methoxy group as methanol. So this peroxidase-catalyzed apparent O
      demethylation in fact implies an oxidative demethoxylation step. This enzymatic
      reaction exhibits normal Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics. Like the 9
      hydroxylated ellipticines, both the 9-methoxylated ellipticines show a good
      affinity for the peroxidase itself (Km approximately 10 microM) but are slowly
      transformed to the corresponding quinone-imines. The Vmax values for methoxylated
      ellipticines are 10(-1)-10(-3) lower than those for hydroxylated compounds. This
      new route for the in vitro formation of electrophilic derivatives from the
      cytotoxic 9-methoxyellipticine and N2-methyl-9-methoxyellipticinium might be
      considered as a novel possible metabolic pathway for these drugs, especially if
      we bear in mind the "bio-oxidative alkylation" process previously described for
      at least one of the corresponding hydroxylated ellipticine derivatives (see
      Bernadou, J., Meunier, B., Meunier, G., Auclair, C., and Paoletti, C. (1984)
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 1297-1301; and Monsarrat, B., Maftouh, M.,
      Meunier, G., Dugue, B., Bernadou, J., Armand, J. P., Picard-Fraire, C., Meunier,
      B., and Paoletti, C. (1983) Biochem. Pharmacol. 32, 3887-3890).

PMID- 4030758
TI  - Chemical modification of pig kidney 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase with
      diethyl pyrocarbonate. Evidence for an essential histidyl residue.
AB  - Diethyl pyrocarbonate inhibits pig kidney holo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
      decarboxylase with a second-order rate constant of 1170 M-1 min-1 at pH 6.8 and
      25 degrees C, showing a concomitant increase in absorbance at 242 nm due to
      formation of carbethoxyhistidyl derivatives. Activity can be restored by
      hydroxylamine, and the pH curve of inactivation indicates the involvement of a
      residue with a pKa of 6.03. Complete inactivation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
      decarboxylase requires the modification of 6 histidine residues/mol of enzyme.
      Statistical analysis of the residual enzyme activity and of the extent of
      modification shows that, among 6 modifiable residues, only one is critical for
      activity. Protection exerted by substrate analogues, which bind to the active
      site of the enzyme, suggests that the modification occurs at or near the active
      site. The modified inactivated 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase still
      retains most of its ability to bind substrates. Thus, it may be suggested that
      the inactivation of enzyme by diethyl pyrocarbonate is not due to nonspecific
      steric or conformational changes which prevent substrate binding. However, the
      modified enzyme fails to produce at high pH either an enzyme-substrate complex or
      an enzyme-product complex absorbing at 390 nm. Considerations on this peculiar
      feature of the modified enzyme consistent with a catalytic role for the modified
      histidyl residue are discussed. The overall conclusion of this study may be that
      the modification of only one histidyl residue of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
      decarboxylase inactivates the enzyme and that this residue plays an essential
      role in the mechanism of action of the enzyme.

PMID- 4030759
TI  - Metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinyl acetate.
      Demonstration of common physiological metabolites in rat small intestinal mucosa
      and circulation.
AB  - The kinetics and metabolism of physiological doses of all-trans-retinoic acid
      were examined in blood and small intestinal mucosa of vitamin A-depleted rats. A
      major portion of intrajugularly injected retinoic acid is rapidly (within 2 min)
      sequestered by tissues; subsequently 13-cis-retinoic acid and polar metabolites
      are released into circulation. All-trans-retinoic acid appears in small
      intestinal epithelium within 2 min after dosing and is the major radioactive
      compound there for at least 2 h. Retinoyl glucuronide and 13-cis-retinoic acid
      are early metabolites of all-trans-retinoic acid in the small intestine of bile
      duct-cannulated rats. Retinoyl glucuronide, the major metabolite of retinoic acid
      intestinal epithelium, in contrast to other polar metabolites, was not detected
      in circulation. An examination of [3H]retinyl acetate metabolites under steady
      state conditions in vitamin A-repleted rats demonstrates the occurrence of all
      trans-retinoic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid in circulation and in intestinal
      epithelium, in a pattern similar to that found after injection of retinoic acid
      into vitamin A-depleted rats. Our data establish that all-trans-retinoic acid, 13
      cis-retinoic acid, and retinoyl glucuronide are physiological metabolites of
      vitamin A in target tissues, and therefore are important candidates as mediators
      of the biological effect of the vitamin.

PMID- 4030760
TI  - Nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG 1 interactions with DNA. Fluorescence and
      thermal denaturation studies.
AB  - The interaction of high mobility group protein 1 (HMG 1) isolated from chicken
      erythrocytes with DNA has been characterized using the intrinsic tryptophan
      fluorescence of the protein as a probe. It was found that the fluorescence is
      quenched approximately 30% upon binding to either single- or double-stranded DNA.
      Fluorescent titrations indicate that the physical site size for HMG 1 binding on
      native DNA is approximately 14 base pairs (or 14 bases for binding to single
      stranded DNA). Binding to single-stranded poly(dA) is only slightly dependent on
      ionic strength, although the affinity for double-stranded DNA is strongly ionic
      strength-dependent and has an optimum at approximately 100-120 mM Na+. Above this
      range, binding to native DNA is virtually all electrostatic in nature. Although
      the affinity of HMG 1 for single-stranded DNA is higher than that for double
      stranded DNA at the extremes of the ionic range studied, no clear evidence for a
      helix-destabilizing activity was obtained. At low ionic strength, the protein
      actually stabilized DNA against thermal denaturation, while at high ionic
      strength, HMG 1 appears to undergo denaturation below the Tm of the DNA. Studies
      of the environment of the tryptophan fluorophores using collisional quenchers
      iodide, cesium, and acrylamide suggest that the predominant fluorophore is
      relatively exposed but constrained in a rigid, positively charged environment.

PMID- 4030762
TI  - Interaction of cytochrome P-450 with a hydroperoxide derived from butylated
      hydroxytoluene. Mechanism of isomerization.
AB  - Attack of O2 on the phenoxy radical derived from butylated hydroxytoluene
      resulted in the formation of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-hydroperoxy-4-methyl-2,5
      cyclohexadienone (BOOH). This hydroperoxide was rapidly consumed when incubated
      with rat liver microsomes in the absence of NADPH. The destruction of BOOH was
      accompanied by formation of the corresponding alcohol (BOH) and a derivative of
      the alcohol (B(OH)2) in which a t-butyl methyl group was hydroxylated. This diol
      was produced also when BOH was incubated with microsomes and NADPH, but at a
      slower rate. Mass spectral analyses of B(OH)2 formed from substrates labeled with
      either 2H or 18O, showed that oxygen was transferred from the peroxy group to a t
      butyl group (via the heme iron of P-450) without migration of the intermediate
      alcohol from the enzyme active site. The results support a mechanism involving
      heterolytic O-O bond cleavage during isomerization of the hydroperoxide to
      B(OH)2. The chiral diol was produced from BOOH nonstereoselectively, but the
      NADPH/O2-supported hydroxylation of BOH resulted in the formation of a 20% excess
      of one enantiomer of B(OH)2. Analyses of products formed from the interaction of
      cumene hydroperoxide with cytochrome P-450 showed that this substrate undergoes
      rearrangement also; 2-phenyl-1,2-propanediol was produced, together with cumyl
      alcohol and acetophenone. These results indicate that isomerization competes with
      other pathways of hydroperoxide destruction by cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 4030761
TI  - Glycation of amino groups in protein. Studies on the specificity of modification
      of RNase by glucose.
AB  - Ribonuclease A has been used as a model protein for studying the specificity of
      glycation of amino groups in protein under physiological conditions (phosphate
      buffer, pH 7.4, 37 degrees C). Incubation of RNase with glucose led to an
      enhanced rate of inactivation of the enzyme relative to the rate of modification
      of lysine residues, suggesting preferential modification of active site lysine
      residues. Sites of glycation of RNase were identified by amino acid analysis of
      tryptic peptides isolated by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography
      and phenylboronate affinity chromatography. Schiff base adducts were trapped with
      Na-BH3CN and the alpha-amino group of Lys-1 was identified as the primary site
      (80-90%) of initial Schiff base formation on RNase. In contrast, Lys-41 and Lys-7
      in the active site accounted for about 38 and 29%, respectively, of ketoamine
      adducts formed via the Amadori rearrangement. Other sites reactive in ketoamine
      formation included N alpha-Lys-1 (15%), N epsilon-Lys-1 (9%), and Lys-37 (9%)
      which are adjacent to acidic amino acids. The remaining six lysine residues in
      RNase, which are located on the surface of the protein, were relatively inactive
      in forming either the Schiff base or Amadori adduct. Both the equilibrium Schiff
      base concentration and the rate of the Amadori rearrangement at each site were
      found to be important in determining the specificity of glycation of RNase.

PMID- 4030763
TI  - Intracellular Ca2+ mobilization activated by extracellular ATP in Ehrlich ascites
      tumor cells.
AB  - Addition of 0.4-25 microM extracellular ATP results in transient, dose-dependent
      increases in cytosolic free calcium measured in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. In
      cells incubated with 1 mM extracellular Ca2+, ATP induces a triphasic Ca2+
      transient: an initial rapid increase (2-3 s), a second, slower phase of increase
      (60-90 s), and, finally, a gradual return to near resting [Ca2+]i (4-5 min).
      Several findings demonstrate that the initial, rapid phase of Ca2+ transient
      results from a mobilization of Ca2+ from a non-mitochondrial intracellular store,
      while the second, slow phase of increase is produced by enhanced influx of Ca2+
      across the plasma membrane. Successive additions of extracellular ATP can elicit
      repetitive Ca2+ transients if the initially added ATP is removed either through
      the action of native ecto-ATPase activity or exogenous hexokinase. Other adenine
      nucleotides, including non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs, neither alter cytosolic
      [Ca2+] nor antagonize the ATP-induced effects. Conversely, other nucleotide
      triphosphates (ITP, UTP, and GTP) induce Ca2+ transients which are identical to
      those produced by ATP. A variety of experimental results indicate that these
      actions of ATP and other nucleotide triphosphates are not due to a generalized
      increase in plasma membrane permeability. The results suggest that, in these
      transformed cells, ATP may act in a manner similar to other Ca2+ mobilizing
      hormones and growth factors.

PMID- 4030764
TI  - Purification, calcium-binding properties, and conformational studies on a 28-kDa
      cholecalcin-like protein from bovine brain.
AB  - A large-scale preparation method for bovine brain 28-kDa cholecalcin-like protein
      is described. Flow dialysis binding studies revealed that the protein binds at
      least 3 mol of Ca2+/mol of protein. The protein undergoes conformational changes
      on binding calcium as shown by UV differential absorption spectroscopy, near and
      far UV circular dichroism, and intrinsic fluorescence. Circular dichroism (CD)
      studies in the far UV indicate an apparent increase in helical content in the
      presence of Ca2+. The effect of calcium on the protein structure is nearly
      maximum for 1 Ca2+ bound/protein molecule. UV differential absorption studies on
      the binding of the Ca2+ agonist Tb3+ and Tb3+ luminescence induced by energy Trp-
      --Tb3+ transfer indicate that Tb3+ binds to two higher affinity Ca2+-binding
      sites. These sites are probably very close to the single Trp residue. Analysis of
      the fluorescence parameters of the single tryptophan residue in the apoprotein
      and its accessibility to ionic and neutral quenchers suggests that this residue
      is located in a highly hydrophobic domain on the protein surface.

PMID- 4030766
TI  - The subunit structure and active site sequence of porcine spleen
      deoxyribonuclease.
AB  - An acid DNase (DNase II) from porcine spleen was purified by sequential
      chromatography over carboxymethyl-cellulose, blue dextran-Sepharose,
      hydroxylapatite, and sulfoxyethyl-cellulose. The purified enzyme shows two
      polypeptide bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at
      Mr 35,000 (alpha chain) and 10,000 (beta chain). The sum of the two molecular
      weights is that of the native enzyme (45,000). Thus, the DNase II molecule is an
      alpha,beta dimer. The two polypeptides are not joined by disulfide bonds, but can
      be cross-linked chemically with dimethyl suberimidate. They are dissociable in 8
      M urea, after which they can be isolated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100,
      eluting with 1 M acetic acid. Once dissociated, the two polypeptides cannot be
      reassociated to regenerate DNase II activity. The sum of the amino acid
      compositions of the two polypeptides is that of the native enzyme, and both
      contain carbohydrate. The beta chain is devoid of histidine, half-cystine,
      valine, and methionine. The NH2-terminal amino acid of the alpha chain is
      leucine, while that of the beta chain cannot be identified by either dansylation
      or Edman degradation. Alkylation of an essential histidine residue of DNase II
      occurs on incubation of the enzyme with [2-14C] ICH2COOH (Oshima, R. G., and
      Price, P. A. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 7522-7526). Radioactivity is found only
      in the alpha chain. After hydrolysis of the alpha chain with trypsin,
      chymotrypsin, and thermolysin, radioactive peptides were isolated by gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-25 and reversed-phase high performance liquid
      chromatography. Sequence analyses of the radioactive peptides show alkylation of
      1 of 9 histidines in the entire amino acid sequence of DNase II. The sequence
      around this histidine, determined by manual microsequencing and by the release of
      amino acids with carboxypeptidases A and B, is Ala-Thr-Glu-Asp-His-Ser-Lys-Trp.

PMID- 4030765
TI  - Amino acid sequence of a proline-rich phosphoglycoprotein from parotid secretion
      of the subhuman primate Macaca fascicularis.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the macaque proline-rich phosphoglycoprotein
      (MPRP) was determined by automated Edman degradation of the protein, fragments F
      1 and F-2 derived from the protein by an intrinsic salivary protease, and
      chymotryptic, tryptic, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and endoproteinase
      lysine-C peptides. MPRP contains 115 amino acid residues including phosphorylated
      serine at residues 1, 2, 6, 12, and 15, and 6 O-glycosidic carbohydrate units at
      residues 69, 75, 87 (threonine) and 96, 103, and 106 (serine). The Mr of the
      polypeptide moiety of the protein is 12,656. The amino-terminal domain contains
      all 5 phosphoserine residues and most of the other negatively charged and
      hydrophilic residues, whereas the carboxyl-terminal domain contains 24 of 25
      proline residues, and 6 O-glycosidic oligosaccharides. Comparison of MPRP with
      the four major anionic proline-rich proteins (PRPs) from human glandular
      secretion shows that 57% of the amino acid residues are identical if gaps are
      introduced to maximize homology, suggesting that these proteins are
      phylogenetically related. Significant structural and functional differences occur
      between the macaque and human proteins. MPRP has 5 phosphoserines, PRPs have 2.
      MPRP is a glycoprotein, PRPs are not. MPRP inhibits the spontaneous precipitation
      (primary precipitation) of calcium phosphate salts from supersaturated solutions
      in addition to inhibiting seeded crystal growth (secondary precipitation)
      (Oppenheim, F. G., Offner, G. D., and Troxler, R. F. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257,
      9271-9282), whereas PRPs inhibit only secondary precipitation. MPRP is the only
      major anionic proline-rich protein in macaque glandular secretion; in contrast,
      there are four major anionic PRPs and these display a genetic polymorphism. The
      significance of these structural differences with respect to biological function
      and the possible relationship of MPRP to salivary mucins are discussed.

PMID- 4030767
TI  - Purification and characterization of human lipoprotein lipase and hepatic
      triglyceride lipase. Reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to hepatic
      triglyceride lipase.
AB  - Human lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase were purified to
      homogeneity from post-heparin plasma. These enzymes were purified 250,000- and
      100,000-fold with yields of 27 +/- 15 and 19 +/- 6%, respectively. Molecular
      weight determination by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate and reducing agents yielded Mr of 60,500 +/- 1,800 and
      65,200 +/- 400, respectively, for lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride
      lipase. These lipase preparations were shown to be free of detectable
      antithrombin by measuring its activity and by probing of Western blots of lipases
      with a monospecific antibody against antithrombin. In additions, probing of
      Western blots with concanavalin A revealed no glycoproteins corresponding to the
      molecular weight of antithrombin. Four stable hybridoma-producing distinct
      monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to hepatic triglyceride lipase were isolated. The
      specificity of one mAb, HL3-5, was established by its ability to
      immunoprecipitate hepatic triglyceride lipase catalytic activity. Interaction of
      HL3-5 with this lipase did not inhibit catalytic activity. The three other mAb
      interacted with hepatic triglyceride lipase only after denaturation of the enzyme
      with detergents. The relatedness of these two enzymes was examined by comparing
      under the same conditions the thermal inactivation, the sensitivity to sulfhydryl
      and reducing agents, amino acid composition, and the mobility of peptide
      fragments generated by cyanogen bromide cleavage. The results of these studies
      strongly support the view that the two enzymes are different proteins.
      Immunological studies confirm this conclusion. Four mAb to hepatic triglyceride
      lipase did not interact with lipoprotein lipase in Western blots, enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay, and immunoprecipitation experiments. These immunological
      studies demonstrate that several epitopes of the hepatic triglyceride lipase
      protein moiety are not present in the lipoprotein lipase molecule.

PMID- 4030768
TI  - The biosynthesis and fatty acid acylation of the murine erythrocyte
      sialoglycoproteins.
AB  - The biosynthesis and post-translocational processing of the murine erythrocyte
      sialoglycoproteins gp2 and gp3 have been studied on splenic erythroblasts
      obtained from mice rendered anemic by treatment with phenylhydrazine. A putative
      precursor-product relationship has been established between gp3 and a peptide
      (gp3pr) of apparent Mr = 22,000. No precursor to gp2 has been found. gp3pr was
      selectively and efficiently converted to gp3 in pulse-chase experiments after a
      45-60-min chase. [3H]Palmitate labeled a series of splenic cell proteins,
      including gp2, gp3, and gp3pr. Chemical analyses indicated that the fatty acid is
      covalently linked to protein by an ester bond. Splenic cells incorporated
      [3H]galactose in both gp2 and gp3 but not in gp3pr. The results indicate that the
      murine sialoglycoproteins are modified in succession by fatty acid acylation and
      terminal glycosylation. [3H]Palmitate labeling appears to be an early
      modification that affects concomitantly gp3pr and gp3, suggesting that fatty acid
      acylation is a cytosolic event not obligatorily coupled to translocation.

PMID- 4030769
TI  - Interaction of proteoglycans with the pericellular (1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha)
      collagens of cartilage.
AB  - Interaction between cartilage proteoglycan and the collagen(s) composed of 1
      alpha, 2 alpha, and 3 alpha chains was studied in vitro. Most of the collagen was
      insoluble under the conditions of assay (0.15 M NaCl, 0.008 M phosphate buffer,
      pH 7.4; 4 degrees C) and was in the form of fibrils 20 nm in diameter or thinner.
      The larger fibrils had 60-70 nm periodicity, characteristic of native collagens.
      Proteoglycan monomers which had been labeled by incubating cartilage slices in
      vitro with Na2 35SO4 were used to assay the interaction. The insoluble collagen
      fraction bound proteoglycan from solution. At proteoglycan:collagen ratios lower
      than 1:2, binding was rapid and linear, and the dissociation constant was 1.7 X
      10(-9) M. At higher proteoglycan:collagen ratios, more proteoglycan was bound,
      but at a slower rate. Binding of proteoglycan to collagen did not require
      fibrils, since soluble 1 alpha, 2 alpha, and 3 alpha containing collagen also
      bound to proteoglycan and formed an insoluble complex. Denatured collagens did
      not bind proteoglycan or compete for binding with normal collagen. Optimum
      binding occurred with intact proteoglycan, but proteoglycan which had been
      treated with protease was also bound at low levels. Both protease-treated
      proteoglycan and free chondroitin sulfate competed with intact proteoglycan in
      the binding assays, but neither chondroitinase ABC-treated proteoglycan nor the
      oligosaccharides produced by digestion of chondroitin sulfate with testicular
      hyaluronidase altered the binding of proteoglycan to collagen. Hyaluronic acid
      did not compete with radioactive proteoglycan, but heparin and dextran sulfate
      were extremely effective inhibitors of binding. These data suggest a relatively
      nonspecific interaction between sulfated polyanions and 1 alpha, 2 alpha, and 3
      alpha containing collagens. However, given the location of these collagens near
      the chondrocyte surface, the interaction of fibrillar 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha
      collagen with proteoglycan is likely to occur and to be of biological importance.

PMID- 4030770
TI  - Single and twinned crystals of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase
      from Alcaligenes eutrophus.
AB  - Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (L8S8) from Alcaligenes eutrophus
      has been crystallized by equilibrium vapor diffusion techniques with ammonium
      sulfate as precipitant. Crystals thus obtained either as the ternary complex with
      CO2 and Mg2+ or as the quaternary complex with CO2, Mg2+, and 2-carboxyarabinitol
      1,5-bisphosphate, a transition state analogue, diffract at least to 2.8-A
      resolution. Both are essentially isomorphous to each other, having orthorhombic
      space group C222(1) with cell dimensions a = 159 A, b = 159 A, and c = 200 A, and
      there is half a molecule in the asymmetric unit. The crystals of the ternary
      complex are sometimes twinned about the c axis so that the space group appears to
      be tetragonal. In this light, our earlier report (Bowien, B., Mayer, F., Spiess,
      E., Pahler, A., Englisch, U., and Saenger, W. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 106, 405
      410) on a tetragonal space group P4(2)2(1)2 with crystals obtained from the same
      enzyme with Mg2+ and CO2 but without 2-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate might
      be incorrect.

PMID- 4030771
TI  - Calmodulin inhibits interaction of actin with MAP2 and Tau, two major microtubule
      associated proteins.
AB  - We have previously shown that microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and Tau,
      two major microtubule-associated proteins, interact with actin differently as
      measured by low-shear viscosity and that their activities are modified by
      phosphorylation (Nishida, E., Kotani, S., Kuwaki, T., and Sakai, H. (1982 in
      Biological Functions of Microtubules and Related Structures (Sakai, H., Mohri,
      H., and Borisy, G. G., eds) pp. 297-309, Academic Press, Japan). In the present
      study we further examined their interaction using turbidimetry, electron
      microscopy, low- and high-shear viscometry. MAP2 increased the low-shear
      viscosity of actin filament but had weaker effect on high-shear viscosity and
      turbidity of actin filaments. In contrast, Tau reduced high-shear viscosity of
      actin filaments and enhanced the turbidity which were due to formation of actin
      filament bundles as shown by electron microscopy. We conclude that MAP2 is a
      gelation factor, while Tau is a bundling factor. A well-known Ca2+-dependent
      regulatory protein, calmodulin, inhibited both MAP2-actin and Tau-actin
      interaction in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The calmodulin-dependent inhibition was
      canceled by higher concentrations of MAP2 or Tau, and calmodulin had no effect on
      the viscosity of actin filament alone, indicating that this inhibition is based
      on the stoichiometric interaction of calmodulin with MAP2 or Tau.

PMID- 4030772
TI  - Organization of Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes in mitochondria.
AB  - Sonic oscillation of mitochondria usually leads to the release of a number of
      Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. These enzymes have, therefore, been
      referred to as soluble matrix enzymes. In the present report, we show that gentle
      sonic or osmotic disruption can be used to obtain a mitochondrial preparation
      where these enzymes appear to be organized in a large complex of proteins. Using
      citrate synthase as a marker for these enzymes, we show that the proposed complex
      is easily sedimented at 32,000 X g in 30 min. The exposed citrate synthase in
      these complexes can be inhibited by its antibody, indicating that the enzymes are
      not merely entrapped in substrate-permeable vesicles. The effects of pH,
      temperature, ionic strength, and several metabolites on the ability to obtain the
      sedimentable citrate synthase have been tested. These studies indicate that the
      complex is stable at conditions presumed to exist in situ. Electron microscopic
      studies show that gentle sonic oscillation gives rise to an efflux of
      mitochondrial matrix contents which tend to remain attached to the original
      membranes. The sedimentable fraction also contained four other presumably soluble
      Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes: aconitase, NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase,
      fumarase, and malate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 4030773
TI  - Disulfide spacer between methotrexate and poly(D-lysine). A probe for exploring
      the reductive process in endocytosis.
AB  - Poly(D-lysine) is taken up avidly by cultured cells through adsorptive
      endocytosis and can serve as a carrier to increase cellular uptake of other
      molecules. While direct conjugation of methotrexate to poly(D-lysine) yields a
      conjugate devoid of cytotoxic effects because poly(D-lysine) is not digested in
      lysosomes, the indirect conjugation using a triglycine spacer or a disulfide
      spacer strongly inhibits the growth of both the wild type and the methotrexate
      transport-defective Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cell treatment with 3 mM NH4Cl
      or 50 micrograms/ml leupeptin prevents the effect of conjugate with the
      triglycine spacer, but not of conjugate with the disulfide spacer. On the other
      hand, preincubation with 2-mercaptoethanol abolishes the effect of the drug
      disulfide conjugate in the methotrexate transport-defective mutant, but not the
      effect of the drug-triglycine conjugate. The disulfide conjugate shows an
      identical cytotoxic effect in alpha-minimal essential medium and RPMI 1640 media,
      even though cells grown in the latter have only half the glutathione content as
      cells grown in the former medium. We conclude that the reductive process through
      which methotrexate is released from the disulfide spacer (a) occurs inside cells
      and not at the cell surface, (b) requires neither acid pH nor lysosomal enzymes,
      and (c) is not mediated by a glutathione-disulfide exchange reaction requiring
      high glutathione concentrations. Although the cellular compartment in which this
      reductive process occurs is not yet identified, there are reasons to assume that
      it is prelysosomal.

PMID- 4030774
TI  - Protein carboxyl methyltransferase selectively modifies an atypical form of
      calmodulin. Evidence for methylation at deamidated asparagine residues.
AB  - Prolonged incubation of native bovine brain calmodulin with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl
      3H]methionine and protein carboxyl methyltransferase results in maximal
      methylation of only 1-2% of the calmodulin molecules. In contrast, calmodulin
      which has been subjected to a prior alkaline treatment (0.1 M NH4OH, 37 degrees C
      for 3 h) can be methylated to a level of 30-50%. This treatment is known to be
      effective in deamidating certain asparagine residues which lie in unstable
      sequences, particularly -Asn-Gly- sequences. Bovine brain calmodulin has three
      such sequences (Watterson, D. M., Sharief, F., and Vanaman, T. C. (1980) J. Biol.
      Chem. 255, 962-975). The enhancement of methylation by alkaline treatment is
      substantially reduced if calmodulin is first reacted with bis-(I,I
      trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene, a reagent which converts the carboxamide group of
      asparagine and glutamine residues to the corresponding primary amines. Thus,
      protein carboxyl methyltransferase selectively modifies an abnormal form of
      calmodulin that is probably deamidated. These findings suggest that protein
      carboxyl methylation may play a role in the disposition of abnormal proteins
      which contain atypical, isomerized aspartyl residues arising via spontaneous
      deamidation of unstable asparagines.

PMID- 4030775
TI  - Thermodynamics of the Ca2+ binding to bovine alpha-lactalbumin.
AB  - Bovine alpha-lactalbumin contains one strong Ca2+-binding site. The free energy
      (delta G0), enthalpy (delta H0), and entropy (delta S0) of binding of Ca2+ to
      this site have been calculated from microcalorimetric experiments. The enthalpy
      of binding was dependent on the metal-free bovine alpha-lactalbumin
      concentration. At 0.8 mg ml-1, metal-free bovine alpha-lactalbumin delta H0 was 
      110 +/- 6 kJ mol-1. At this concentration the binding constant was estimated from
      a mathematical analysis of the titration curves to be greater than 10(7) M-1.
      This means that delta G0 is smaller than -40 kJ mol-1 and delta S0 is less
      negative than -235 J.K-1 mol-1. The binding of Ca2+ is therefore enthalpy-driven.
      From binding experiments as a function of temperature, a delta Cp value of -4.1
      kJ.K-1 mol-1 was calculated. This value is dependent on the protein
      concentration. A tentative explanation for this large value is given.

PMID- 4030776
TI  - Biosynthesis of platelet activating factor. Substrate specificity of 1-alkyl-2
      lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase in rat spleen
      microsomes.
AB  - The substrate requirements and specificity of 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (alkyllyso-GPC):acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase were investigated.
      The following findings were observed. 1) When the ether bond of alkyllyso-GPC is
      substituted with an ester linkage, the resulting compound, palmitoyllyso-GPC, can
      serve as a substrate, albeit at a reduced rate (50%). In addition, palmitoyllyso
      GPC is a competitive inhibitor in the reaction with respect to concentration
      dependence of alkyllyso-GPC and a noncompetitive inhibitor when the
      concentrations of acetyl-CoA are varied. 2) Octadecyllyso-GPC is acetylated at a
      slightly higher rate than hexadecyllyso-GPC and unsaturated alkyllyso-GPC is a
      preferable substrate to its saturated counterpart. 3) The homologous series of
      short chain acyl-CoAs demonstrate an inverse relationship of chain length with
      the values of their apparent Km and Vmax, e.g. the longer the acyl-CoA chain, the
      smaller the values of Vmax and apparent Km. 4) The effect of polar head group
      modification of alkyllyso-GPC on the acetyltransferase activity is related to the
      degree of methylation of the amine group. The choline base analog gives the
      highest enzyme activity and the ethanolamine derivative is the least active,
      while N', N'-dimethylethanolamine and monomethylethanolamine analogs are the
      substrates with intermediate activities. These results on substrate selectivity
      of acetyltransferase correlate with the known structural requirements essential
      for the biological activities elicited by platelet activating factor and thus
      suggest that the acetyltransferase activating factor and thus suggest that the
      acetyltransferase may be important in governing the chemical structure of
      platelet activating factor synthesized in vivo.

PMID- 4030777
TI  - Reserpic acid as an inhibitor of norepinephrine transport into chromaffin vesicle
      ghosts.
AB  - Reserpic acid, a derivative of the antihypertensive drug reserpine, inhibits
      catecholamine transport into adrenal medullary chromaffin vesicles. Since it does
      not affect the membrane potential generated by the H+-translocating adenosine
      triphosphatase but inhibits ATP-dependent norepinephrine uptake with a Ki of
      about 10 microM, reserpic acid must block the H+/monoamine translocator. Because
      reserpic acid is much more polar than reserpine, it does not permeate the
      chromaffin vesicle membrane, nor is it transported into chromaffin vesicle ghosts
      in the presence of Mg2+-ATP. Although it inhibits norepinephrine transport when
      added externally, reserpic acid does not inhibit when trapped inside chromaffin
      vesicle ghosts. Therefore, reserpic acid must bind to the external face of the
      monoamine translocator and should be a good probe of the translocator's
      structural asymmetry.

PMID- 4030778
TI  - Isolation and sequence of a tryptic peptide containing the autophosphorylation
      site of the regulatory subunit of bovine brain protein kinase II.
AB  - The regulatory subunit (RII-B) of bovine brain protein kinase II and the well
      characterized regulatory subunit of heart protein kinase II (RII-H) exhibit
      similar physicochemical properties, but differ significantly in their peptide
      maps and antigenic determinants. As a starting point for studying
      structure/function relationships in RII-B and investigating the extent of
      homology and diversity between RII-B and RII-H, a peptide containing the
      autophosphorylation site of RII-B has been characterized. The phosphopeptide was
      rapidly (36 h) purified to homogeneity (yield = 40%) from a tryptic digest of RII
      B using three consecutive reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography
      steps. A combination of gas-phase microsequencing and solid-phase Edman
      degradation was used to determine the sequence and to identify the phosphorylated
      site: Arg-Ala-Ser(P)-Val-Cys-Ala-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Asn-Pro-Asp-Glu-Glu-Glu-Asp-Asp-A la
      Glu. RII-B contains a classical phosphorylation site for the catalytic subunit,
      and the phosphopeptide sequence is homologous to the sequence surrounding the
      phosphorylation site of RII-H. Fourteen amino acids are identical in the two
      sequences, and the high net negative charge on the peptide is conserved. However,
      the peptide from RII-B is alanine-rich and more hydrophobic. Furthermore, five
      differences between the two functionally related sequences provide direct
      evidence for the idea that RII-B and RII-H are the products of related but
      distinct genes.

PMID- 4030779
TI  - Isolation and identification of delta 6-lithocholenic acid (3 alpha-hydroxy-5
      beta-6-cholen-24-oic acid) as an intestinal bacterial metabolite of
      chenodeoxycholic acid in man.
AB  - Fecal bacterial biotransformation studies of chenodeoxycholic acid were
      performed. Incubations were carried out for 30-s to 12-h time intervals. delta 6
      Lithocholenic acid was isolated by thin-layer chromatography. Its structure was
      confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The proportion of
      chenodeoxycholic acid biotransformed to delta 6-lithocholenic acid consistently
      ranged from 5.5 to 14.0%.

PMID- 4030780
TI  - Arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase. Separation from nonspecific acyl-CoA synthetase and
      distribution in various cells and tissues.
AB  - Arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase was solubilized from a particulate fraction of calf
      brain and human platelets using 1% Nonidet P-40 and 10 mM EDTA. Arachidonoyl-CoA
      synthetase from both preparations was separated from nonspecific (long chain)
      acyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.3) by chromatography on hydroxylapatite. To further
      substantiate that the two acyl-CoA synthetases are distinct proteins, we
      solubilized enzyme from a mutant cell line lacking arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase
      and from the parent cell line from which it was derived. These preparations were
      chromatographed on hydroxylapatite, and the mutant showed an absence of the peak
      identified as arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase in the parent while retaining the peak
      of nonspecific acyl-CoA synthetase activity. We have also determined the levels
      of arachidonoyl and nonspecific acyl-CoA synthetase in 13 different human cells
      and tissues. Arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase is widely distributed and is present in
      significantly lower concentrations than nonspecific acyl-CoA synthetase only in
      adipose tissue and liver.

PMID- 4030781
TI  - Identification and characterization of ATP-dependent proton transport by rat
      liver multivesicular bodies.
AB  - Multivesicular bodies (MVB), prelysosomal organelles in the endocytic pathway,
      were prepared from estrogen-treated rat livers and examined for the presence of
      ATP-dependent proton transport. Vesicle acidification, assessed by acridine
      orange fluorescence quenching, was ATP dependent (ATP much greater than GTP,
      UTP), was enriched 25-fold over homogenate, was abolished by pretreatment with
      protonophores or a nonionic detergent, exhibited a pH optimum of 7.5, was
      inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) (IC50 approximately 5 microM) and N,N'
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (IC50 approximately 5 microM), and was resistant to
      inhibition by vanadate, ouabain, and oligomycin. Acidification exhibited no
      specific cation requirement; however, maximal rates of acidification depended
      upon the presence of Cl- (Km approximately 20 mM). Other anions were less
      effective in supporting acidification (Cl- greater than Br- greater than much
      greater than gluconate, NO-3, SO2-4, and mannitol), and indeed NO-3 inhibited
      acidification even in the presence of 150 mM Cl-. The proton transport mechanism
      appeared to be electrogenic based on: (a) enhancement of acidification by
      valinomycin in the presence of K gluconate, and (b) ATP-dependent fluorescence
      quenching of bis(3-phenyl-5-oxoisoxasol-4-yl)pentamethine oxonol, a membrane
      potential-sensitive anionic dye. Furthermore, the magnitude of the pH and
      electrical gradients generated by the proton transport mechanism appeared to vary
      inversely in the presence and absence of Cl-. Finally, MVB exhibited ATPase
      activity that was resistant to ouabain and oligomycin, but was inhibited 32.3% by
      1 mM NEM, 33.7% by 200 microM dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and 18.7% by KNO3. In
      isolated MVB, therefore, the NEM-sensitive ATPase activity may represent the
      enzymatic equivalent of a proton pump. These studies identify and characterize an
      ATP-dependent electrogenic proton transport process in rat liver MVB which shares
      many of the properties of the proton pump described in clathrin-coated vesicles,
      endosomes, lysosomes, Golgi, and endoplasmic reticulum from liver and other
      tissues. Acidification of MVB differed somewhat from that of rat liver clathrin
      coated vesicles in response to Br- and NO-3, suggesting that membrane properties
      of these two organelles might differ.

PMID- 4030782
TI  - Galactoside-binding serum lectin of Xenopus laevis. Estrogen-dependent hepatocyte
      synthesis and relationship to oocyte lectin.
AB  - Xenopus laevis serum contains a lectin which binds alpha- and beta-galactosides.
      It was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography and consists of a
      single subunit with Mr approximately 69,000, associated in a multimer. The lectin
      is synthesized and secreted by hepatic parenchymal cells, and its synthesis is
      increased about 2-fold by estrogen treatment, both in vivo and in primary cell
      cultures. The serum lectin has the same carbohydrate binding properties as an
      oocyte lectin from X. laevis described previously, is immunologically cross
      reactive, and shows similarities in its peptide map. However, marked differences
      in amino acid composition preclude the possibility that the serum lectin is a
      precursor of the oocyte lectin.

PMID- 4030783
TI  - Equilibrium and rapid kinetic studies on nocodazole-tubulin interaction.
AB  - The interaction between nocodazole and calf brain tubulin in 10(-2) M sodium
      phosphate, 10(-4) M GTP, and 12% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide at pH 7.0 was studied.
      The number of binding sites for nocodazole was shown to be one per tubulin
      monomer of 50,000 as a result of equilibrium binding studies by gel filtration
      and spectroscopic techniques. The presence of microtubule-associated proteins did
      not significantly affect the binding of nocodazole to tubulin. The apparent
      equilibrium constant measured at 25 degrees C was (4 +/- 1) X 10(5) M-1.
      Temperature does not significantly affect the apparent equilibrium constant;
      hence, the binding of nocodazole to tubulin is apparently entropy driven. Stopped
      flow spectroscopy was employed to monitor the rate of nocodazole binding under
      pseudo first order conditions. The effects of temperature and nocodazole
      concentration were studied. The apparent rate constants were dependent on the
      concentration of nocodazole in a nonlinear manner. In conjunction with results
      from structural and thermodynamic studies the kinetic results were interpreted to
      suggest a mechanism of T + N in equilibrium with TN in equilibrium with T* N,
      where T and N are tubulin and nocodazole, respectively. T and T* represent two
      conformational states of tubulin. Furthermore, the kinetic data are consistent
      with the thermodynamic data only if a model of two parallel similar reactions
      were considered, one rapid and the other slow. The initial binding step for both
      the rapid and slow phases was characterized by identical binding constants;
      however, there was a significant difference in the rates of isomerization. Hence,
      nocodazole is potentially a useful probe for amplifying differences in solution
      properties of tubulin subspecies.

PMID- 4030784
TI  - Inhibition of intracellular degradation of proteoglycans by leupeptin in rat
      ovarian granulosa cells.
AB  - Previous work (Yanagishita, M., and Hascall, V. C. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259,
      10270-10283) has indicated that heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans in rat ovarian
      granulosa cells are degraded by two kinetically distinct pathways. Pathway 1
      degrades proteoglycans rapidly with a t 1/2 approximately 25 min without
      generating appreciable degradative intermediates. Pathway 2 degrades
      proteoglycans more slowly with a t 1/2 approximately 4 h, generating distinct
      degradative intermediates: single HS chains of Mr = approximately 10,000 and
      approximately 5,000. Effects of leupeptin, an inhibitor of thiol proteases, on
      the intracellular degradation of proteoglycans in the rat ovarian granulosa cell
      culture were examined using various chase protocols after labeling cells with
      [35S]sulfate. The presence of leupeptin at 100 micrograms/ml in the culture
      medium inhibited the intracellular degradation of proteoglycans by approximately
      80% during a 7-h chase period after a 20-h labeling. Leupeptin affected neither
      the cellular content nor the in vitro activities of beta-hexosaminidase and
      arylsulfatase. Structural analyses of heparan sulfate species in leupeptin
      treated cells demonstrated that the drug inhibited the degradation of HS
      proteoglycans at two distinct points. First, degradation of the core protein was
      partially inhibited and delayed before the start of glycosaminoglycan
      degradation. This resulted in the accumulation of degradative intermediates with
      partially degraded core proteins bearing intact glycosaminoglycan chains. This
      establishes the initial sequence for HS proteoglycan degradation, with
      proteolysis preceding endoglycosidase digestion, and suggests that these two
      degradation steps may occur in physically separate compartments. Second, the
      final depolymerization of HS fragments through pathway 2 was totally inhibited,
      resulting in the continuous accumulation of Mr = 5,000 HS chains. This is not due
      to the direct inhibition of the lysosomal exoglycosidase and sulfatase enzymes
      responsible for the complete depolymerization of HS chains, since pathway 1,
      while slowed, continued to completely depolymerize the HS chains in the presence
      of leupeptin. The results suggest that the intracellular compartment which
      completely degrades heparan sulfate chains is separate from those containing
      partially, endoglycosidically processed heparan sulfate chains and that leupeptin
      interfered with the translocation of glycosaminoglycans to the final degradation
      site.

PMID- 4030785
TI  - Anomeric and other substrate specificity studies with myo-inositol-1-P synthase.
AB  - L-myo-Inositol-1-phosphate synthase has been found to have at least a 5-fold
      preference for the beta-anomer of its natural substrate D-Glc-6-P. The alpha
      anomer appears to be an inhibitor of the reaction and may be converted to product
      as well. As well as showing an enzymatic preference for the equatorial C-1
      hydroxyl of D-Glc-6-P, our results suggest that it is the pyranose form of D-Glc
      6-P that binds to the enzyme and that ring-opening is an enzymatic step. We have
      also found D-2-dGlc-6-P, D-2-F-2-dGlc-6-P, and D-Man-6-P each to be both
      competitive inhibitors and substrates that are converted to inositol phosphates
      by the synthase. D-Allose-6-P is a weak inhibitor of the enzyme, but not a
      substrate. D-Gal-6-P is neither substrate nor inhibitor. Thus the specificity of
      the synthase with respect to single position epimers of D-Glc-6-P increases in
      the order C1 less than C2 much less than C3 less than C4.

PMID- 4030786
TI  - Activation, aggregation, and product inhibition of cobra venom phospholipase A2
      and comparison with other phospholipases.
AB  - The kinetics of phospholipid hydrolysis by cobra venom phospholipase A2 were
      examined and compared to those of phospholipase A2 from porcine pancreas,
      Crotalus adamanteus (rattlesnake) venom, and bee venom. Only the enzyme from Naja
      naja naja (cobra) venom was found to be activated significantly by
      phosphorylcholine-containing compounds when hydrolyzing phosphatidylethanolamine.
      The cobra venom enzyme was also the only one in which these activators induced
      protein aggregation. The parallel specificity for activators and aggregators
      suggests that these two phenomena are linked. Product effects were also shown to
      vary between these four phospholipases. These effects manifest themselves in
      nonlinear time courses, in changes in steady state velocity, and in the
      differential effects of serum albumin on reaction rates. Different effects were
      even seen for the same enzyme when acting on different substrates. A model is
      presented to account for these observations; its main features are enzyme
      activation by an activator molecule, whose specificity depends on the enzyme, and
      an activator-induced aggregation of the enzyme.

PMID- 4030787
TI  - Experimental evidence for the contractile activities of Acanthamoeba myosins IA
      and IB.
AB  - The low-shear viscosity of 5-30 microM F-actin was greatly increased by the
      addition of 0.1-0.5 microM unphosphorylated Acanthamoeba myosins IA and IB. The
      increase in viscosity was about the same in 2 mM ADP as in the absence of free
      nucleotide but was much less in 2 mM ATP. The single-headed monomolecular
      Acanthamoeba myosins were as effective as an equal molar concentration of two
      headed muscle heavy meromyosin and much more effective than single-headed muscle
      myosin subfragment-1. These results suggest that Acanthamoeba myosins IA and IB
      can cross-link actin filaments as proposed in the accompanying paper (Albanesi,
      J. P., Fujisaki, H., and Korn, E. D. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 11174-11179) to
      explain the actin-dependent cooperative increase in actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase
      activity as a function of the concentration of myosin I. Superprecipitation
      occurred when phosphorylated myosin IA or IB was mixed with F-actin. In addition
      to myosin I heavy chain phosphorylation, superprecipitation required Mg2+ and
      ATP. ATP hydrolysis was linear during the time course of the superprecipitation,
      and inhibitors of ATP hydrolysis inhibited superprecipitation. A small, dense
      contracted gel was formed when the reaction was carried out in a cuvette, and a
      birefringent actomyosin thread resulted from superprecipitation in a
      microcapillary. The rate and extent of superprecipitation depended on the actin
      and myosin I concentrations with maximum superprecipitation occurring at an
      actin:myosin ratio of 7:1. These results provide strong evidence for the ability
      of Acanthamoeba myosins IA and IB to perform contractile and motile functions.

PMID- 4030788
TI  - Isozymes of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatases from calf and bovine small intestines have been isolated in
      homogeneous form from both mucosa and luminal contents. The detergent-solubilized
      calf enzyme resolves into two peaks of activity, C-1 and C-2, on
      chromatofocusing. Only one of these activity peaks is present in the enzyme from
      the adult animal. Amino acid compositions, N-terminal sequences, and tryptic
      peptide maps show that C-1 and C-2 are isozymes of differing primary structure
      and that the adult form of the enzyme is identical to C-2. The developmentally
      controlled expression of the two isozymes reported here suggests a molecular
      basis for the previous indications that functional changes in intestinal alkaline
      phosphatase occur with tissue maturation. The sugar composition of the
      carbohydrate chains of these isozymes has been determined and enzymatic
      deglycosylation with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase-F indicates two N-linked
      and one or more O-linked glycoconjugates/monomer.

PMID- 4030789
TI  - Purification and some properties of the glycolipid transfer protein from pig
      brain.
AB  - A glycolipid-specific lipid transfer protein has been purified to apparent
      homogeneity from pig brain post-mitochondrial supernatant. The purified protein
      was obtained after about 6,000-fold purification at a yield of 19%. Evidence for
      the homogeneity of the purified protein includes the following: (i) a single band
      in acidic gel electrophoresis, in sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis,
      (ii) a single band in analytical gel isoelectric focusing, (iii) exact
      correspondence between the glycolipid transfer activity and stained protein
      absorbance in the acidic gel electrophoresis, and (iv) coincidence between the
      transfer activity and protein absorption at 280 nm in gel filtration through
      Ultrogel AcA 54. The protein has an isoelectric point of about 8.3 and a
      molecular weight of 22,000, as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. A molecular weight of 15,000 was calculated from AcA 54 gel
      filtration. The amino acid composition has been determined. The protein binds
      [3H]galactosylceramide but not [3H]phosphatidylcholine. Under the conditions
      used, 1 mol of the transfer protein bound about 0.13 mol of
      [3H]galactosylceramide. The glycolipid transfer protein-[3H]galactosylceramide
      complex was isolated by a Sephadex G-75 chromatography. An incubation of the
      complex with liposomes resulted in the transfer of [3H]galactosylceramide from
      the complex to the acceptor liposomes. The result indicates that the complex
      functions as an intermediate in the glycolipid transfer reaction. The protein
      facilitates the transfer of [3H]galactosylceramide from donor liposomes to
      acceptor liposomes lacking in glycolipid as well as to acceptor liposomes
      containing galactosylceramide.

PMID- 4030790
TI  - Mechanism of interferon action. Purification and substrate specificities of the
      double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase from untreated and interferon
      treated mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase which catalyzes the
      phosphorylation of ribosome-associated protein P1 and the alpha subunit of
      eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) was purified and
      characterized from mouse fibroblast L929 cells treated with either natural or
      recombinant interferon and from untreated cells. The dsRNA-dependent P1/eIF-2
      alpha kinase was purified at least 1,500-fold from interferon-treated cells; the
      kinase activity that catalyzed the phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha copurified with
      protein P1. The yield of P1/eIF-2 alpha protein kinase activity obtained
      following purification from cells treated with interferon was about 5-10 times
      greater than the yield from an equivalent number of untreated cells. The purified
      protein kinase remained dsRNA dependent. When P1 kinase was activated by dsRNA, a
      major phosphopeptide designated Xds was phosphorylated; Xds was not
      phosphorylated from P1 which had not been activated by dsRNA. The apparent native
      molecular weight of the purified mouse L929 dsRNA-dependent kinase as determined
      by sedimentation analysis was about 62,000, comparable to the molecular weight of
      67,000 determined for denatured L929 phosphoprotein P1 by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified protein kinase was highly
      selective for the alpha subunit of protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2 and
      endogenous protein P1. Kinase activity was dependent upon Mg2+, and the Km for
      ATP was determined to be 5 X 10(-6) M. Histones (H1, H2A-B, H3, and H4) and
      protein synthesis initiation factors other than eIF-2 (eIF-3, eIF-4A, eIF-4B, and
      eIF-5) were not substrates or were very poor substrates for the purified dsRNA
      dependent protein kinase. N-Ethylmaleimide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, AMP,
      pyrophosphate, spermine, spermidine, and high concentrations of potassium
      inhibited both P1 and eIF-2 alpha phosphorylation by the purified kinase, whereas
      ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and
      phenanthroline did not significantly affect the phosphorylation of either protein
      P1 or eIF-2 alpha.

PMID- 4030791
TI  - A transcription factor required for promoter recognition by human mitochondrial
      RNA polymerase. Accurate initiation at the heavy- and light-strand promoters
      dissected and reconstituted in vitro.
AB  - Faithful transcription of human mitochondrial DNA has been reproduced in vitro,
      using a fraction of mitochondrial proteins capable of accurate initiation at both
      the heavy- and light-strand promoters. Here we report the initial dissection of
      this system into two nonfunctional components which, upon mixing, reconstitute
      promoter-specific transcriptional capacity in vitro. One of these components
      copurifies with the major nonspecific RNA polymerase activity, suggesting its
      identity. The other component lacks significant polymerase activity, but contains
      a protein or proteins required for accurate initiation at the two individual
      promoters by isolated mitochondrial RNA polymerase. This factor facilitates
      specific transcription, but has little or no effect on nonspecific transcription
      of a synthetic copolymer (poly(dA-dT)), indicating a positive role in proper
      promoter recognition. The transcription factor markedly stimulates light-strand
      transcription, but only moderately enhances transcription initiation at the heavy
      strand promoter, suggesting different or additional factor requirements for heavy
      strand transcription. These requirements may reflect the functional differences
      between heavy- and light-strand transcription in vivo and, in particular, the
      role of the light-strand promoter in priming of heavy-strand DNA replication.

PMID- 4030792
TI  - Studies on the reactivity of the essential sulfhydryl groups as a conformational
      probe for the fatty acid synthetase of chicken liver. Inactivation by 5,5'
      dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and intersubunit cross-linking of the inactivated
      enzyme.
AB  - Fatty acid synthetase of chicken liver is rapidly and reversibly inactivated by
      5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) at a rate (k2 = 132 mM-1 S-1 in 3 mM
      EDTA, 1% (v/v) glycerol, pH 7.0, at 25 degrees C) up to 2200 times higher than
      the reaction of this reagent with simple thiol compounds. The inactivation is
      caused by the reaction of the phosphopantetheine SH group, since it is protected
      competitively by either acetyl- or malonyl-CoA, and since the inactivated enzyme
      is unreactive with the phosphopantetheine label chloroacetyl-CoA but reactive
      with the cysteine reagent 1,3-dibromopropanone. Moreover, chloroacetyl-CoA
      prevents the modification of the rapidly reacting essential SH group by DTNB. The
      number of SH groups involved in inactivation was determined by correlating
      activity loss with the extent of reaction and by stopped-flow analysis of
      substrate (or chloroacetyl-CoA) protection. Values between 0.91 and 1.15 SH
      groups/dimer were obtained, indicating the presence of substoichiometric amounts
      of the prosthetic group in the fatty acid synthetase preparations used in this
      study. Inactivation of the synthetase by DTNB is strongly inhibited by increasing
      salt concentration and protected noncompetitively by NADP+ and NADPH. Treatment
      of the enzyme inactivated at low salt by salt, NADP+, or NADPH also effectively
      reduced cross-linking between enzyme subunits. The parallel effects of these
      treatments on the reaction with DTNB and subsequent dimerization are consistent
      with a minimum model of two discreet conformation states for fatty acid
      synthetase. In the low salt conformer, the phosphopantetheine and cysteine SH
      groups are juxtaposed, and the DTNB reaction (k2 approximately 132 mM-1 S-1) and
      dimerization are both facilitated. Transition to the high salt conformer by the
      above treatments is accompanied by an approximately 20-fold reduction of
      reactivity with DTNB (k2 = 6.8 mM-1 S-1) and reduced dimerization, due to spatial
      separation of the SH groups. During palmitate synthesis, the enzyme may oscillate
      between these conformation states to permit the reaction of intermediates at
      different active sites. Results obtained by studies on the effect of pH on DTNB
      inactivation implicate a pK of 5.9-6.1 for the essential SH group independent of
      salt concentration. This value is 1.5-1.8 pH units lower than the pK of 7.6-7.7
      for CoA and may explain the 23-fold increase of the rate constant from a value of
      0.3 mM-1 S-1 for CoA to that of the high salt conformer.

PMID- 4030793
TI  - Loss of preservative from a tuberculin solution in rubber stoppered vials
      fastened with different seals.
AB  - A tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) solution containing 0.3% phenol as
      a preservative was dispensed in glass vials closed with rubber stoppers fastened
      in three different ways, namely with Tear-off seals, Flip-off seals and partial
      seals. After various times of storage at 5 degrees C and 37 degrees C, the phenol
      content in the tuberculin solution was determined. It was found that the Flip-off
      seals allowed the phenol to escape at a faster rate than the Tear-off seals and
      that vials closed with partial seals showed the highest loss of phenol. Although
      these losses were much more pronounced at 37 degrees C than at 5 degrees C, the
      phenol content at the latter temperature was, over a period of three years,
      within the limits of acceptability for tuberculin products capped with Tear-off
      or Flip-off seals. A loss of phenol also occurred from tuberculin solution stored
      at -28 degrees C in vials capped with either Tear-off or partial seals. In
      addition to the Tear-off and Flip-off seals other seals such as the "controlled
      score' Flip-off seal and the Alcoa Steri-Twist cap were evaluated for their
      imperviousness to air. Except for the Alcoa Steri-Twist cap none of the seals we
      have investigated were air tight and hence entirely satisfactory to prevent
      losses of phenol by evaporation from tuberculin products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030794
TI  - Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in guinea-pigs, mice and man.
AB  - The immunogenicity of the hepatitis B vaccine Hevac B Pasteur was assayed in
      guinea-pigs. The reproducibility of the test was determined by comparing the
      ImD50 of two samples of vaccine in 12 and eight groups of 40 animals each. The
      variation coefficient between groups was approximately 30%, similar to that found
      for other vaccines assayed in biological tests in vivo. The sensitivity of the
      test was determined by comparing the dose response curves in mice, guinea-pigs
      and humans. The results showed that one ImD50 in man (after one injection) was
      approximately equivalent to 3 ImD50 in guinea pigs and to 100 ImD50 in Balb/C
      mice. Stability of Hevac B at 37 degrees C was assayed by determining in guinea
      pigs the ImD50 of a series of samples of vaccine that had been incubated at 37
      degrees C for varying amounts of time. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was
      found to decay with a half-life of ten to 15 days at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 4030795
TI  - An investigation of a mouse model to estimate the potency of the diphtheria
      component in vaccines.
AB  - A mouse model to estimate the potency of the diphtheria toxoid components in
      vaccines using Vero cells to detect the neutralizing antibodies in the sera from
      immunized mice is described. The results obtained with this mouse model
      correlated significantly with those obtained in the lethal challenge test in
      guinea-pigs. For this reason it is suggested that the potency test in guinea-pigs
      be replaced by this mouse model because a considerable reduction in the number of
      animals used and costs can be achieved by the introduction of this mouse test for
      the routine control of the potency of the diphtheria component of vaccines.

PMID- 4030797
TI  - Force, velocity and energy flow during the overarm throw in female handball
      players.
AB  - The overarm throw of 56 female handball players was analysed cinematographically.
      The time courses of the ball velocity, the force on the ball, the energy flow to
      the ball as well as the velocities of wrist, elbow and hip were calculated. The
      mean ball velocity at release was 17.2 m s-1. The major part (73%) of the work on
      the ball appeared to be done in the last 50 ms of the throw. It is shown that
      high maximal segmental velocities are important pre-requisites for an optimal
      flow of energy to the ball during that last phase of the throw. The consecutive
      actions of body segments from larger proximal segments to the relatively smaller
      distal segments seem to be connected to intrinsic muscle properties and to a flow
      of energy from proximal to distal segments.

PMID- 4030796
TI  - A new 23 valent pneumococcal vaccine: immunogenicity and reactogenicity in
      adults.
AB  - A 23 valent pneumococcal vaccine containing 25 micrograms of each polysaccharide
      was administered to 30 healthy adults. Adverse reactions were always mild,
      consisting only of local pain and erythema in most subjects. Pre- and four weeks
      post-vaccination sera were analysed by radioimmunoassay. Geometric mean titre
      (GMT) ratios were between 2.3 and 14.3 (overall mean X 5.7) according to type. A
      level of 300 ng of antibody N/ml, the supposedly protective level, was achieved
      in at least 86.6% of the subjects for all the serotypes.

PMID- 4030798
TI  - The measurement of shock waves following heel strike while running.
AB  - A non-invasive method for demonstrating the shock wave which propagates through
      the skeletal system following heel strike is described. This wave was not seen in
      force plate studies where adequate shock absorption was provided by running
      shoes. In the present study six subjects ran across a force plate without shoes
      before and after they were fatigued on a treadmill to demonstrate possible
      changes in the heel strike transient. Most of the parameters measured were not
      altered by fatigue, and a relationship between the shock wave and height, but not
      the weight of the runner was demonstrated. The different mechanisms leading to
      this phenomenon, and its implication in the areas of osteoarthritic degeneration
      and running mechanics are discussed.

PMID- 4030799
TI  - Kinematic features of wheelchair propulsion.
AB  - Three male paraplegics volunteered to push their wheelchairs on a motor driven
      treadmill, for a total of 80 min each, at a work rate of 60-65% of their VO2
      maximum, determined on an earlier test session. At 20 min intervals 16 mm high
      speed film of the subjects was taken for three consecutive push cycles. The
      digitized film was used to compute the angular kinematics of the shoulder and
      elbow joints, the variations in the position of the trunk (as measured by a
      marker on the neck) and hand relative to the axle of the rear wheel. There were
      no intrasubject variations over the 80 min testing period for any of the recorded
      variables. This was interpreted as implying that at that work rate, fatigue was
      not exhibited as variations in the kinematics of movement. There were
      considerable differences between the style of one subject when compared to the
      other two over all the trials of each subject. This variation in style was most
      obvious in subject number PT who had a pumping style of push and recovery whereas
      subjects CA and GW employed a more continuous circular motion. The differences in
      the amount of forward lean of each subject were related to residual muscle
      strength. The discussion centered on the influence of the different styles on
      performance.

PMID- 4030800
TI  - Modification of spastic gait through mechanical damping.
AB  - The effect of dissipative mechanical loads on spastic gait has been studied, to
      evaluate the feasibility of using mechanically damped orthoses to effect
      functional improvements in the gait of spastic patients. This concept is based on
      a hypothesis citing uninhibited, velocity-dependent stretch reflexes as a
      possible causal factor in spastic gait abnormalities, such as equinus and back
      kneeing. In order to screen potential experimental subjects and to quantify
      velocity-dependent reflex behaviour, ankle rotation experiments and filmed gait
      analysis were performed. The results supported the existence of a velocity
      threshold. Orthosis simulation experiments were performed with one spastic
      subject, using a wearable, computer-controlled, electromechanical, below-knee
      orthosis simulator to apply a variety of damping loads to the ankle as the
      subject walked. Results indicated that appropriate damping can improve local
      joint kinematics. The damping causes a reduction in muscle stretch velocity which
      apparently results in reduced spastic reflex activity.

PMID- 4030801
TI  - Quantitative calculations of temporomandibular joint reaction forces--II. The
      importance of the direction of the jaw muscle forces.
AB  - The effect of error in determination of muscle force direction on quantitative
      calculation of the temporomandibular joint reaction force was investigated in a
      two-dimensional, two-muscle model. A computer program using the model incremented
      the direction of the temporalis and masseter muscle force vectors and generated a
      family of curves showing the relationship between muscle force direction and the
      direction and magnitude of the temporomandibular joint reaction force. The major
      effect of muscle force direction is its influence on the length of the muscle
      force moment arm. The analyses show that calculation of the joint reaction force
      is much more sensitive to errors in muscle force direction than to muscle force
      magnitude. Calculation of the magnitude of the joint reaction force is less
      sensitive to error than the calculation of joint reaction force direction. An
      error of 1 degree in muscle force direction could produce a 2 degrees error in
      joint force direction. No ideal location of the muscle force vectors was found.
      Vector positions that enhanced calculation of joint force magnitude increased the
      sensitivity to errors when calculating joint force direction. The difficulties of
      precisely determining muscle force directions are discussed. The present results
      indicate that a two-muscle model requires very precise determination of muscle
      force directions to reliably calculate the temporomandibular joint reaction
      forces.

PMID- 4030802
TI  - Arterial steal phenomenon in femoro-tibial bypass with arterio-venous shunt.
AB  - Arterio-venous shunts are sometimes constructed at the distal anastomosis of
      femoro-tibial bypass grafts in order to increase blood flow velocity within the
      graft. However, the use of such a shunt may "steal' blood from an already
      ischaemic distal arterial bed. The aim of this study was to determine the
      conditions under which this might happen. Experiments were carried out on an in
      vitro model of the femoro-tibial bypass under steady flow conditions. The simple
      resistance model of Hyman and Brewer (J. Biomechanics 13, 469-675, 1980),
      modified to take into account the nonlinear pressure flow relationship through a
      stenosis, was used to interpret experimental data. Good agreement was obtained
      between measured and calculated steal.

PMID- 4030803
TI  - Objective determination of anatomical landmarks on the body surface: measurement
      of the vertebra prominens from surface curvature.
AB  - A method for the objective detection of anatomical landmarks on the body surface
      is presented. The method is based on an analysis of local surface shape which is
      described in terms of surface curvature. The curvature is calculated from the
      surface coordinates as measured by optical methods such as moire topography or
      rasterstereography. As an example, the location of the vertebra prominens is
      determined. In order to assess the accuracy and reliability of the procedure, the
      results are compared with the conventional method of palpation and marking. The
      measured deviations are in the order of a few millimeters.

PMID- 4030804
TI  - Flow of couple stress fluid through stenotic blood vessels.
AB  - The effects of an axially symmetric mild stenosis on the flow of blood, when
      blood is represented by a couple stress fluid model, have been studied. It is
      found that, for a fixed stenosis size, the resistance to flow and wall shear
      stress increase as the couple stress parameter eta decreases from unity. A
      comparison of the results with those of the Newtonian case shows that the
      magnitude of resistance to flow and wall shear under a given set of conditions,
      is greater in the case of the couple stress fluid model. It is seen that even in
      the case of a mild stenosis (19% area reduction), resistance to flow and wall
      shear values are increased over those for no stenosis by 60% and 62%,
      respectively, when compared with the case of a Newtonian fluid.

PMID- 4030805
TI  - Geometry and motion of the knee for implant and orthotic design.
AB  - By analysing sections of distal femurs in the computer, and by making direct
      measurements, the posterior femoral condyles were shown to closely fit spherical
      surfaces. The center of the spheres were then used as reference points and used
      to define reference axes in a motion study. In flexing from 0 to 120 degrees the
      medial femoral condyle moved little, the lateral moved posteriorly by 17 mm, and
      there was an axial rotation of 20 degrees. The data were applied to implant and
      orthotic design and evaluation.

PMID- 4030806
TI  - Moire patterns: an accurate technique for determination of the locus of the
      centres of rotation.
AB  - This study describes an accurate technique for the determination of the centre of
      rotation of small angles. The moire fringe method localizes the centre of
      rotation by defining two primary fringes, each of which is found by the
      intersection of three lines. The primary fringes intersect at the centre of
      rotation at 90 degrees to each other, the angle least likely to produce an error
      in measurement. By utilizing joints with known centres of rotation, we have found
      that the method is extremely accurate and reproducible to within 2 mm of the real
      centre for angular changes as small as 3 degrees. This technique is useful in
      evaluating whether a joint is a simple hinge, i.e. rotating about a single axis
      of rotation or whether the joint moves about a changing axis of rotation referred
      to as a locus or centrode.

PMID- 4030807
TI  - A multipurpose tissue bending machine.
AB  - A unique tissue bending machine was developed to test the bending properties of
      normal and bioprosthetic heart valve material. It can be operated in air or in a
      tissue bath and can measure bending torques with an accuracy in excess of 1.0
      microN m. Three contrasting substances were tested to compare their stiffness and
      to demonstrate the machine.

PMID- 4030808
TI  - Abstracts of the fourth meeting of the European Society of Biomechanics. Davos,
      Switzerland, 24-26 September 1984.

PMID- 4030809
TI  - Fertility and social class in a French village, 1901-75.

PMID- 4030810
TI  - Fertility of couples following cessation of contraception.

PMID- 4030811
TI  - Factors affecting fertility in four Muslim populations: a multivariate analysis.

PMID- 4030812
TI  - The changing pattern of contraception in Lahore, Pakistan: 1963-80.

PMID- 4030813
TI  - Factors related to delay for legal abortions performed at a gestational age of 20
      weeks or more.

PMID- 4030814
TI  - Influence of maternal age, parity and social class on perinatal mortality in
      Scotland: 1960-82.

PMID- 4030816
TI  - Visual acuity of the Gidra in lowland Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 4030815
TI  - Infant and child mortality in Pakistan--some trends and differentials.

PMID- 4030817
TI  - Trends and differentials in Moslem fertility. A comment.

PMID- 4030818
TI  - Epidemiology, genetics and sociology. A comment.

PMID- 4030819
TI  - Total condylar knee replacement. A study of factors influencing range of motion
      as late as two years after arthroplasty.
AB  - The factors influencing the range of motion of the knee after total condylar knee
      replacement were analyzed in fifty-five consecutive patients who had seventy-one
      replacements and a minimum follow-up of two years. Statistically significant
      improvement in flexion occurred between the first postoperative evaluation in the
      hospital, the evaluation at discharge, and the evaluations at three months and
      one year after replacement. Postoperative range of motion was not influenced by
      the patient's gender, by the extent of the disease (monoarticular in comparison
      with polyarticular), or by treatment with a unilateral or bilateral procedure.
      The knees of patients with rheumatoid arthritis gained extension at the expense
      of flexion. The average flexion arcs of the knees with rheumatoid arthritis and
      of those with osteoarthritis were the same two years after operation as they had
      been preoperatively. Knees with preoperative flexion of more than 100 degrees had
      lost flexion at follow-up, whereas those with preoperative flexion of less than
      100 degrees had gained flexion. Significant improvement in extension occurred
      only before discharge. For the patients whose preoperative flexion contracture
      was 10 degrees or more, virtually all improvement in the contracture occurred at
      the time of surgery. Patients who had a simultaneous bilateral total knee
      replacement did as well as those with a single knee replacement.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030820
TI  - Results of compression-plating of closed Galeazzi fractures.
AB  - Diaphyseal fractures of the distal third of the radius that are associated with
      disruption of the distal radio-ulnar joint accounted for eighty-four (6.8 per
      cent) of 1236 fractures in the forearm that were treated during a five-year
      period at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical
      Center. Thirty-six closed Galeazzi fractures, twenty-eight in male and eight in
      female patients, were followed for 1.5 to seven years after treatment using
      standard AO-compression plates with four to seven holes. Complications included
      seven injuries to the sensory or dorsal interosseous branch of the radial nerve,
      two infections, two non-unions, two re-fractures after plate removal, and
      shortening of the radius of five millimeters in one patient. The complication
      rate was 39 per cent. The average grip strength at follow-up was 71 per cent of
      the calculated normal value. The loss of strength was not related to use of a
      volar or dorsal surgical approach, the patient's age, or a delay of surgery for
      more than ten days after injury. The average loss of grip strength in the seven
      upper extremities with restricted motion of the wrist and forearm was 48 per
      cent, compared with an average loss of 29 per cent in the whole group. Of the
      twelve patients who were operated on more than ten days after injury, six had
      loss of motion at follow-up, compared with three who had such a loss among the
      twenty-four patients who were operated on within ten days after injury.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030822
TI  - Anterior cruciate reconstruction using the Jones-Ellison procedure.
AB  - We performed a follow-up study of forty consecutive combined Jones-Ellison
      anterior-cruciate reconstructions in a young, athletic population. The mean
      interval from injury to operation was 2.7 years. Preoperatively, all patients had
      a 3+ or 4+ pivot shift and instability. All but five patients had a meniscal
      tear, and thirty patients had arthritic changes in the knee at the time of
      operation. Postoperatively only four of the patients had any complaints of giving
      way. Although thirty of the patients returned to their previous sports
      activities, only eight achieved the preinjury level of performance. Arthritic
      symptoms were present at operation in thirty patients, while thirty-four had no
      postoperative objective signs of pivot shift or instability.

PMID- 4030821
TI  - Treatment of sciatic denervation disuse osteoporosis in the rat tibia with
      capacitively coupled electrical stimulation. Dose response and duty cycle.
AB  - We determined the dose-response characteristics of a low-voltage, high-frequency,
      capacitively coupled electrical signal that reverses an established osteoporosis
      in a rat tibial model with sciatic neurectomy. The electrical signals were
      delivered by means of stainless-steel gel-coated electrodes. In the first part of
      the study, the shape (sine wave) and frequency (sixty kilohertz) of the signal
      were kept constant while the voltage was varied from 0.01 to ten volts, peak to
      peak. Control osteoporotic and sham osteoporotic animals showed a mean loss of
      tibial ash weight of 19 and 17 per cent, respectively, twenty-eight days after
      sciatic neurectomy plus twelve days of no treatment using sham electrodes. Rats
      that were subjected to 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 volts, peak to peak, for
      twelve days beginning on the twenty-eighth day after sciatic neurectomy all
      showed mean losses of tibial ash weight that were significantly less than those
      of the controls. The rats that had a 0.5-volt peak-to-peak signal showed the
      least mean loss of tibial ash weight (only 6 per cent). We concluded that a
      capacitively coupled electrical signal, delivered through gel-coated electrodes,
      can largely reverse an established disuse osteoporosis due to neurectomy in the
      rat tibia. In the second part of the study, the duty cycles of a sine-wave, sixty
      kilohertz, 0.5-volt peak-to-peak signal were varied (12.5, 50, and 100 per cent
      on), and the wet, dry, and ash weights were determined and compared with those of
      unstimulated osteoporotic controls. Only the 100 per cent duty-cycle signal was
      effective in reversing the loss of bone mass in the neurectomized tibiae.

PMID- 4030823
TI  - The lower-extremity musculature in chronic symptomatic instability of the
      anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - We studied the musculature of the lower extremity in forty-one patients with
      chronic symptomatic instability of the anterior cruciate ligament. Computed
      tomographic and clinical measurements of the limb were taken at levels fifteen
      and twenty-five centimeters proximal to the medial joint line and ten centimeters
      distal to it. Biopsy specimens from the vastus lateralis of both lower
      extremities were analyzed by histochemistry and electron microscopy. Computed
      tomography revealed a decrease in the muscle square area of the affected thigh of
      8 per cent as compared with the control lower extremity. There was quadriceps
      atrophy of 10 per cent and hamstrings atrophy of only 4 per cent. The atrophy of
      the vastus medialis was significantly greater than that of the entire quadriceps.
      Histochemistry revealed a similar decrease in fiber size for all fiber types, and
      hence no shift in fiber type. Electron microscopy showed an increase in
      intracellular fat but no change in mitochondrial volume density or
      capillarization.

PMID- 4030824
TI  - Complete subtalar release in club feet. Part I--A preliminary report.
AB  - The complete subtalar release is an extensive soft-tissue procedure for the
      treatment of club foot that non-surgical methods have not corrected. It is a more
      extensive surgical procedure than others currently in use. Two advantages of this
      procedure are that it produces a greater degree of correction than other
      procedures and that it provides superior alignment between the foot and leg. The
      main disadvantage is a tendency to overcorrection. In this report I present the
      steps in performing the procedure and the anatomical concept on which it is
      based.

PMID- 4030825
TI  - Complete subtalar release in club feet. Part II--Comparison with less extensive
      procedures.
AB  - A comparison of the complete subtalar release with less extensive soft-tissue
      releases in the treatment of idiopathic club foot was done in two groups of
      patients. Group I consisted of seventeen patients (twenty-six feet), of whom
      fourteen patients (twenty-one feet) had a posteromedial and lateral release.
      Group II consisted of seventeen patients (twenty-five feet) who had a complete
      subtalar release. All patients were followed for a minimum of two years. The
      complete subtalar release provided a higher percentage of both radiographically
      and clinically satisfactory results than did the less extensive soft-tissue
      procedures, but with the former procedure there was a tendency to overcorrection
      unless the bones were precisely repositioned at the end of the procedure.

PMID- 4030827
TI  - Guidelines for the use of digital tourniquets based on physiological pressure
      measurements.
AB  - A potential complication of a digital tourniquet is neurovascular damage due to
      excessive tissue pressure. A technique for measuring digital tourniquet pressures
      was developed in our laboratory and was tested on fresh cadaver hands in order to
      establish guidelines for proper application of tourniquets. A saphenous vein from
      a fresh cadaver was laid subcutaneously along the neurovascular bundle of the
      test finger. Digital tourniquets consisting of Penrose drains or rolled surgical
      gloves were then applied in a standardized fashion. Saline solution was injected
      through the saphenous vein in a quasi-static fashion using a Harvard pump, and
      the pressure within the vein was monitored with a pressure transducer. When the
      pressure within the vein reached the closing pressure generated by the
      tourniquet, the pressure stabilized due to leakage of fluid beyond the
      tourniquet. Digital tourniquets applied in customary fashion by selected
      physicians and surgeons produced a wide range of closing pressures that did not
      exceed 360 millimeters of mercury. Rolled surgical gloves produced closing
      pressures ranging from 113 to 363 millimeters of mercury, depending on the
      relationship between the size of the glove and that of the hand. Penrose drains
      produced closing pressures of more than 800 millimeters of mercury, depending on
      the amount of stretch applied.

PMID- 4030826
TI  - Results of revision for mechanical failure after cemented total hip replacement,
      1979 to 1982. A two to five-year follow-up.
AB  - From January 1979 to February 1982, 143 patients (seventy-nine women and sixty
      four men) with 146 uninfected cemented total hip arthroplasties had revision
      cemented hip arthroplasty at The Hospital for Special Surgery for what was
      considered to be mechanical failure. The average age of the patients at primary
      arthroplasty was 56.1 years and at revision, 62.1 years. Loosening of the femoral
      component before revision correlated with varus positioning in 50 per cent of the
      hips, inadequate cement in 34 per cent, and a relatively young age in 16 per
      cent. The average age of the patients (fifteen hips) with a loose femoral
      component that had been placed in a neutral or valgus position with good
      cementing technique was 48.2 years at the time of primary arthroplasty. Loosening
      of the acetabular component was attributed to high placement of the cup in 41 per
      cent, inadequate bone in 18 per cent, a vertical orientation of the opening of
      the cup in 7 per cent, and poor cementing technique in 3 per cent. Complications
      associated with revision included perforation of the femoral cortex in 13 per
      cent, postoperative deep infection in 3.4 per cent, postoperative dislocation in
      8.2 per cent, trochanteric complications in 6.2 per cent, and sciatic palsy in
      0.7 per cent. Of the 139 hips that were followed for an average of 3.6 years
      (range, two to five years) after revision, the results were excellent in 59 per
      cent, good in 7 per cent, fair in 16 per cent, and poor in 18 per cent. After
      revision of the 139 hips, 29 per cent showed progressive radiolucencies; 18 per
      cent, femoral subsidence; and 9 per cent, acetabular migration. Definite
      mechanical failure after revision was identified in 15.8 per cent of the hips.
      These failures were due to loosening in 12.2 per cent of the hips, femoral
      fracture in 2.2 per cent, and disabling dislocation in 1.4 per cent. At the time
      of follow-up, twelve hips (8.6 per cent) had been revised a second time: six (4.3
      per cent) for loosening of one or both components, three (2.2 per cent) for
      femoral fracture, and three (2.2 per cent) for infection. Mechanical failure and
      progressive radiolucencies were associated with poor quality of bone (p less than
      0.001) and inadequate anatomical reconstruction (p less than 0.03).

PMID- 4030828
TI  - Non-union of fractures of the sternum.
AB  - Injuries to the sternum and thoracic cage are relatively frequent in this age of
      motor-vehicle accidents, high-speed sports activities, and industrial injuries,
      yet non-union of a fracture of the sternum is exceptionally rare. Sternotomy is
      commonly performed in cardiothoracic surgery, and the sternum is usually divided
      vertically or transversely, but non-union of the sternal cut is rare. Fracture of
      the sternum in a child is especially rare.

PMID- 4030829
TI  - The effect of adjunctive methylmethacrylate on failures of fixation and function
      in patients with intertrochanteric fractures and osteoporosis.
AB  - In a retrospective review of eighty-two intertrochanteric fractures (twenty-nine
      stable and fifty-three unstable) in seventy-nine elderly, debilitated patients
      with associated advanced osteoporosis (Grade III or less by the system of Singh
      et al.), fifty-six were available for follow-up: twenty-eight that had been
      treated at the University of Illinois with an approximately anatomical reduction
      and compression-screw fixation and twenty-eight (in twenty-seven patients) that
      had been treated at the University of Chicago with an approximately anatomical
      reduction, compression-screw fixation, and adjunctive methylmethacrylate bone
      cement in the head-neck fragment. Follow-up analysis after an average of thirty
      four months for the group that had augmentation with cement and an average of
      twenty-six months for the uncemented group showed that for the eighteen stable
      fractures that could be followed the rates of complications of fixation were the
      same in the two groups, while for the thirty-eight unstable comminuted fractures
      that were followed the rate of complications of fixation was lower when
      adjunctive methylmethacrylate cement was used. Among the unstable fractures, one
      failure (in twenty-one fractures) in the cement-augmented group and ten failures
      (in seventeen fractures) in the uncemented group were due to failure of fixation
      (p less than 0.01). For reasons that are not clear, when the thirty-two patients
      with a healed fracture who could be evaluated for function were rated using the
      Iowa hip score, the nineteen who were treated with adjunctive cement had
      significantly lower scores than did the thirteen who were treated without cement
      (76 +/- 16.5 compared with 92 +/- 12.1, p less than 0.01).

PMID- 4030830
TI  - Use of the Broviac central venous catheter for intravenous antibiotic therapy in
      the orthopaedic patient.
AB  - Broviac central venous catheters were placed in twenty patients who required long
      term intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of osteomyelitis, septic
      arthritis, or an infected total joint arthroplasty. As a group, the twenty
      patients completed a total of 1,131 days with the catheter in place. There was
      only one catheter-related complication: extrusion of the Dacron cuff after
      removal of the catheter. Six antibiotic-related complications occurred, all of
      which resolved when the antibiotic was changed. No patient had sepsis related to
      use of the catheter, breakage of the catheter, or thrombosis. Twelve patients had
      part of their antibiotic treatment on an outpatient basis.

PMID- 4030831
TI  - Meniscal pneumatocele. A case report of spontaneous, persistent intra-articular
      and juxta-articular gas.

PMID- 4030833
TI  - Tuberculous arthritis of the elbow presenting as chronic bursitis of the
      olecranon. A case report.

PMID- 4030832
TI  - Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia with venous thrombosis. A case report.

PMID- 4030834
TI  - Irreducible fracture-separation of the distal ulnar epiphysis. Report of a case.

PMID- 4030835
TI  - Diabetic amyotrophy. A case report.

PMID- 4030836
TI  - Upper tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis.

PMID- 4030837
TI  - "The present status of surgical treatment of Legg-Perthes disease".

PMID- 4030838
TI  - "Bone-mineral content in the lower limb. Relationship to cross-sectional
      geometry".

PMID- 4030839
TI  - "Total hip arthroplasty with a low-modulus porous-coated femoral component.
      Progress report".

PMID- 4030840
TI  - "Fatal pulmonary embolism following tourniquet inflation".

PMID- 4030841
TI  - The management of club foot.

PMID- 4030842
TI  - Recurrent dislocation of the patella treated by the modified Roux-Goldthwait
      procedure. A prospective study of forty-seven knees.
AB  - We studied the results in forty-seven knees in thirty-seven patients - ten male
      and twenty-seven female - who had recurrent dislocation of the patella and were
      treated by a modified Roux-Goldthwait procedure (lateral retinacular release,
      medial transfer of the lateral patellar tendon without advancement, plication of
      the medial retinaculum, and advancement of the vastus medialis). Ten of the
      female patients had bilateral dislocation. The results were analyzed after follow
      ups ranging from 3.0 to 16.3 years (average, 5.8 years). The study confirmed that
      a tangential radiograph of the patellofemoral joint, made with the knee in 20
      degrees of flexion, is reliable in determining patellar displacement. The results
      were excellent in twelve knees, good in thirty-one, fair in one, and poor in
      three. The fair and poor ratings were due to pain caused by severe chondromalacia
      patellae. The patient with a fair result had had recurrent dislocations after the
      Roux-Goldthwait procedure due to a very lax synovial and capsular sac.
      Reoperation with tightening of the sac medially and laterally eliminated
      hypermobility of the patella in this patient and established straight patellar
      tracking. There was one serious complication, a large subcutaneous hematoma with
      necrosis of a skin flap. The patients with mild chondromalacia improved and
      showed no progressive patellofemoral arthritis after simple realignment, while
      those with severe chondromalacia were not improved by shaving, drilling, and
      realignment. Preliminary results indicated that a modified Maquet procedure, in
      addition to realignment, may be indicated for patients with severe
      chondromalacia. This study demonstrated that the modified Roux-Goldthwait
      procedure, without advancement of the tibial attachment of the patellar ligament,
      can stabilize the patella without increasing patellofemoral compression. The
      procedure does not relieve the symptoms of severe chondromalacia of the patella
      but realignment is the first step in treatment of any form of patellofemoral
      arthrosis.

PMID- 4030843
TI  - Arterial injuries after total hip replacement.

PMID- 4030844
TI  - Factors affecting the incidence of hip dislocation in cerebral palsy.
AB  - We have studied the natural history of spontaneous dislocation of the hip in
      cerebral palsy, with particular reference to the pattern of neurological
      involvement. In patients with bilateral hemiplegia and severe involvement of the
      upper limbs the incidence of dislocation was very high (59%), while in those with
      diplegia and little involvement of the upper limbs, only 6.5% were affected.
      There was no evidence of dysplasia or instability of the hip in any of the
      patients with unilateral hemiplegia. A strong correlation was found between the
      stability of the hip and the patients' ability to walk. These findings have a
      bearing on clinical surveillance and also on the indications for prophylactic
      surgery.

PMID- 4030845
TI  - Occlusion of the common femoral artery complicating total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Vascular injuries after total hip arthroplasty are occasionally reported, but we
      have found only two cases of major arterial occlusion, and none at all involving
      the common femoral artery. We report two cases of occlusion of the common femoral
      artery after Charnley arthroplasties, one of which resulted in a below-knee
      amputation.

PMID- 4030846
TI  - Heparin and dihydroergotamine prophylaxis against thrombo-embolism after hip
      arthroplasty.
AB  - A prospective study involving 500 consecutive patients undergoing hip replacement
      was performed to find out whether a combination of heparin and dihydroergotamine
      was effective in preventing postoperative fatal and non-fatal emboli. Deep-vein
      thrombosis was demonstrated in 131 cases (26.2%), in 99 of whom thrombi were
      confined to the ipsilateral (operated) limb and in 13 to the contralateral limb;
      19 patients developed bilateral thrombi. Nine patients (1.8%) died during the
      first four weeks after operation, before they were discharged from hospital; in
      one, major emboli were demonstrated in the right pulmonary artery. Three of the
      500 patients developed non-fatal pulmonary emboli. Excessive bleeding occurred in
      21 (4.2%) and in 19 of these prophylaxis was discontinued. Wound haematomas
      developed in 25 patients (5.0%); only six required evacuation but in none of
      these six did deep infection occur while in hospital; in three patients, however,
      the wound haematoma prolonged the stay in hospital. Thus the combination of
      heparin and dihydroergotamine proved an effective prophylaxis against pulmonary
      embolism in patients undergoing total hip replacement. The risk of bleeding
      complications is wholly acceptable when balanced against the advantages of the
      therapy.

PMID- 4030847
TI  - Focal lacunar resorption in the articular cartilage of femoral heads.
AB  - Human articular cartilage taken from 92 femoral heads at autopsy was examined
      macroscopically and microscopically. Fifty-two showed no changes except for
      occasional slight degeneration in the non-pressure areas; these changes were
      visible only microscopically. In the remaining 40 heads, different degrees of
      osteoarthrosis were seen; half the heads also showed focal lacunar resorptive
      lesions in the cartilage. The origin of this focal cartilage resorption is
      discussed and its possible association with necrosis, pannus formation and
      enzymatic synovial activities. We conclude that there is no evidence of a direct
      relationship between focal cartilage resorption and osteoarthrosis.

PMID- 4030848
TI  - Long-term results of Geomedic total knee replacement.
AB  - Seventy-one Geomedic total knee replacements were reviewed retrospectively at a
      maximum of eight and a half years. The prosthesis was found to be successful in
      its primary aim of relieving pain. However, there was an overall failure rate of
      18.3%. Analysis of the results by an actuarial method allowed comparison with
      other prostheses. The factors involved in failure are discussed.

PMID- 4030849
TI  - Tibiofemoral alignment and the results of knee replacement.
AB  - We examine the hypothesis that a knee replacement is most likely to survive
      successfully if it is stable with a coronal tibiofemoral angle close to 7 degrees
      of valgus, the accepted normal. The records of 428 knee replacements followed up
      for one to nine years were analysed. The highest success rate was indeed found in
      those so aligned at operation and such knees were most likely to remain stable.
      Nevertheless, half of the failures occurred in knees correctly aligned at
      operation and two-fifths in knees which had remained stable in this alignment;
      many failures must have been caused by factors other than malalignment. Some
      knees, well aligned at operation, deteriorated into severely varus or valgus
      positions; their failure rate was significantly higher than that for knees which
      remained normally aligned and higher also than for knees severely varus or valgus
      from operation onwards. Malalignment, in itself, may not be the most important
      cause of failure, though it probably does compound failure from other causes.

PMID- 4030850
TI  - Autogenous patella as replacement for a resected femoral or tibial condyle. A
      report on 19 cases.
AB  - The size and shape of the patella make it suitable for the partial replacement of
      a femoral or tibial condyle resected for tumour, or destroyed by trauma. It can
      provide a good articular surface and may give satisfactory knee function.
      Nineteen cases of patellar grafts are presented, with follow-up from two to nine
      years. Good consolidation of the graft and fair stability of the joint were
      obtained; the range of movement was 90 degrees or more in 79% of cases. In
      contrast with an allograft of a femoral or tibial condyle, the technique
      described does not need an allograft bank, has a lower risk of infection, and
      allows better and quicker consolidation and revascularisation of the grafts, as
      well as a better range of movement at the knee, probably because of the lack of
      fibrosis from immunological reaction. Merle d'Aubigne's technique, using a
      patellar graft with a vascular muscle pedicle, is useful only for some cases,
      requires a longer period of immobilisation and weakens the extensor apparatus.
      Our series shows that consolidation and revascularisation of a patellar graft can
      occur in the absence of a pedicle.

PMID- 4030851
TI  - Torsion of localised pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee.
AB  - Torsion and subsequent ischaemia is a well-recognised cause of symptoms and
      morbidity in general surgery. We present three cases of solitary pigmented
      villonodular tumours of the knee which were found to have undergone torsion. We
      believe these to be the first intra-articular tumours in which torsion has been
      reported.

PMID- 4030852
TI  - Congenital absence of the anterior cruciate ligament. A common component of knee
      dysplasia.
AB  - The clinical and radiological features of 12 knees (10 patients) with congenital
      absence of the anterior cruciate ligament are presented. The high frequency of
      this condition in association with other more easily recognised congenital
      abnormalities of the knee is discussed. It is concluded that congenital absence
      of the anterior cruciate ligament is more common than generally suspected and is
      associated with other developmental abnormalities of both bone and soft tissue in
      the lower limb, particularly around the knee joint.

PMID- 4030853
TI  - The treatment of 143 tibial shaft fractures by Ender's nailing and early weight
      bearing.
AB  - A prospective study of 141 patients with 143 tibial shaft fractures has been
      carried out; 102 fractures were closed and 41 open. All the patients were treated
      by Ender's nailing and early weight-bearing. The average healing time was 15.2
      weeks. There were no cases of bone infection and complications were minimal, the
      commonest being slight malalignment. Using this method, rapid restoration of bone
      continuity was achieved, combined with almost normal limb function during
      treatment.

PMID- 4030854
TI  - Congenital deficiency of the tibia.
AB  - The late results of treatment of 24 legs in 21 children with congenital
      deficiency of the tibia are presented. A new classification is proposed which
      correlates well with recommendations for treatment and with the final functional
      result. Three types of deficiency were recognised: Type I, total absence of the
      tibia; Type II, distal absence; Type III, distal deficiency with tibiofibular
      diastasis. The early radiographic appearances, the functional status of the
      quadriceps and the severity of flexion contracture of the knee were important
      factors in the selection of the operations likely to give the best function.

PMID- 4030855
TI  - A repair operation for recurrent dislocation of peroneal tendons.
AB  - A lesion similar to that described by Bankart in recurrent dislocation of the
      shoulder was seen in seven patients with recurrent dislocation of the peroneal
      tendons. Detachment of the periosteum had resulted in the formation of a false
      pouch on the surface of the lower end of the fibula; into this pouch the peroneal
      tendons could easily dislocate. Reattachment of the periosteum to drill holes in
      the fibula prevented dislocation, and this anatomical method of repair is
      described. This lesion is one of the causes of recurrent dislocation of the
      peroneal tendons.

PMID- 4030856
TI  - The results of early posterior release in resistant club feet. A long-term
      review.
AB  - Seventy resistant club feet in 46 patients were treated within the first six
      months of life by posterior release as an incident in continuing conservative
      care and were later assessed at an average age of 15 years. Assessment was made
      upon strict clinical criteria, including appearance, function and degree of pain
      during activity; the results were excellent in 22 feet, good in 19, and poor in
      29. We also studied the correlation between the radiographs and the final
      outcome. From these data we propose certain indications for the timing and
      technique of this type of management, and also discuss the relative merits of
      this approach compared with more conventional radical release operations.

PMID- 4030857
TI  - Stature and its components in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Cephalo-caudal
      disproportion in the trunk of girls.
AB  - Stature and its components were examined in 143 girls aged 11 to 15 years with
      adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Correction was made for loss of height due to
      the lateral spinal curvature, and the findings were compared with those from 202
      healthy girls of similar age. Using three components of stature (suprapelvic,
      pelvic and subischial heights) we were able to show that the relatively greater
      stature of girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was due to changes in the
      pelvis and lower limbs but not significantly in the spine. Suprapelvic height was
      reduced relative to subischial height; this probably represents the growth
      pattern of predominantly ectomorphic individuals, reflecting the physique of many
      of these girls. Pelvic height was disproportionately increased, and this is
      considered to be a true rather than an apparent difference. Cephalocaudal
      disproportion involving two segments suggests a common mechanism of causation
      which is unlikely to be secondary to the scoliosis. These physical features may
      in some way be associated with a predisposition to progression of the scoliosis.

PMID- 4030858
TI  - Costovertebral anomalies in osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - Study of 16 patients with Type III osteogenesis imperfecta showed marked
      elongation of the pedicles of the vertebrae in all cases, a deformity which was
      not seen in other types of the disease. Posterior rib angulation was also noted
      in Type III disease. These features have proved useful in suggesting the
      diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta even before long bones have fractured and in
      categorizing patients with osteogenesis imperfecta into the correct type for
      prognostic purposes.

PMID- 4030859
TI  - Pyogenic infection of the sacro-iliac joint. A report of 11 cases.
AB  - We report 11 patients who, over a five-year period, were treated for pyogenic
      infection of the sacro-iliac joint. This condition is uncommon and difficult to
      assess, so that diagnosis is liable to be delayed and morbidity increased.
      Skeletal scintigraphy, with perfusion phase imaging, is usually positive in early
      lesions and prompt antibiotic treatment reduces complications.

PMID- 4030860
TI  - Operations for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. A comparison of the results of
      anterior and posterior procedures.
AB  - Over the past 19 years we have operated on 269 patients with myelopathy
      associated with cervical spondylosis. We report our results in 191 cases which we
      have followed up for 1 to 12 years (average 31 months). The clinical state before
      and after operation was recorded using the criteria of the Japanese Orthopaedic
      Association. Posterior operations gave better results than anterior for the more
      advanced myelopathies such as transverse lesions, the Brown-Sequard syndrome and
      the motor syndromes, but the brachialgia and cord syndrome and the central cord
      syndrome were satisfactorily treated by anterior operations. Of the three
      anterior and three posterior techniques used, no single one showed an overall
      superiority. A short duration of symptoms before operation was associated with
      better results, but these were not influenced by the age of the patients.

PMID- 4030861
TI  - The transverse posterior approach to the neck.
AB  - Traditional posterior approaches to the neck use a vertical craniocaudal incision
      which often leaves an unsightly scar. An incision along Langer's transverse lines
      of tension divides only the cross-fibres of the dermis and we have found the
      results of this approach encouraging: wound healing was uncomplicated and the
      cosmetic appearance excellent.

PMID- 4030862
TI  - Major ruptures of the rotator cuff. The results of surgical repair in 89
      patients.
AB  - Major ruptures of the rotator cuff were repaired in 89 patients over a six-year
      period, using an approach through the split deltoid muscle and the bed of the
      excised outer centimetre of the clavicle. Review of these patients showed that
      poor results were associated with larger cuff defects, with more pre-operative
      steroid injections and with pre-operative weakness of the deltoid muscle. A
      randomised prospective study showed that repair followed by splinting in
      abduction gave no better results than repair followed by resting the arm at the
      side. Excision of the coraco-acromial ligament was associated with worse results
      than leaving its divided halves in situ. Follow-up showed that the results
      continued to improve for two years after operation; their quality was maintained
      in patients less than 60 years old, but in those over 60 there was deterioration
      with time.

PMID- 4030863
TI  - The effect of posture on the lumbar spine.
AB  - A series of experiments showing how posture affects the lumbar spine is reviewed.
      Postures which flatten (that is, flex) the lumbar spine are compared with those
      that preserve the lumbar lordosis. Our review shows that flexed postures have
      several advantages: flexion improves the transport of metabolites in the
      intervertebral discs, reduces the stresses on the apophyseal joints and on the
      posterior half of the annulus fibrosus, and gives the spine a high compressive
      strength. Flexion also has disadvantages: it increases the stress on the anterior
      annulus and increases the hydrostatic pressure in the nucleus pulposus at low
      load levels. The disadvantages are not of much significance and we conclude that
      it is mechanically and nutritionally advantageous to flatten the lumbar spine
      when sitting and when lifting heavy weights.

PMID- 4030864
TI  - Patterns of injury to the terminal branches of the brachial plexus. The place for
      early exploration.
AB  - Non-operative management has frequently been adopted for closed injuries of the
      infraclavicular brachial plexus and its branches in the belief that spontaneous
      recovery is likely to occur, and surgical exploration is performed only if
      recovery has not occurred in the expected time. This paper correlates the
      clinical and electrophysiological features with the operative findings in six
      patients with such injuries. The axillary nerve was ruptured in all six patients,
      the musculocutaneous nerve in two and the radial nerve in two. When the muscles
      supplied by a branch of the plexus were denervated, the differentiation between
      rupture of that branch and a lesion in continuity could only be made by surgical
      exploration, which should be performed as soon as other injuries permit.

PMID- 4030865
TI  - Rehabilitation of conversion paralysis.
AB  - Three patients referred for rehabilitation of brachial plexus lesions and two
      referred with leg weakness associated with sciatica were found to have conversion
      paralysis. The diagnosis was made by demonstrating normal motor nerve conduction
      to the clinically weak muscles. The weakness was treated by intensive physical
      rehabilitation with complete and sustained recovery in all cases.

PMID- 4030866
TI  - Injury to the medial humeral condyle in a child reviewed after 18 years. Report
      of a case.

PMID- 4030867
TI  - Pectoralis major transfer for paralysis of elbow flexion in children.
AB  - Seven pectoralis major transfers in children suffering from bilateral paralysis
      of elbow flexion due to arthrogryposis or to trauma are reported. A technique is
      described in which the muscle is mobilised from the clavicle to allow the tendon
      of insertion to be attached to the biceps tendon at the elbow. The biceps tendon
      was found to be present and could be mobilised forwards in all the arthrogrypotic
      elbows. Subjectively, the results were considered by patients or parents to be
      very good in six cases and fair in one. Elbow flexion power against gravity and
      against some resistance was achieved in all patients except one. The overall
      function was very good in one elbow, good in two, fair in three and poor in only
      one. The merits of the various procedures described for the restoration of elbow
      flexion in arthrogryposis are discussed. It is concluded that total pectoralis
      major transfer by the method described here has given the best results.

PMID- 4030868
TI  - Histological response to carbon fibre.
AB  - The soft tissue response to carbon fibre was studied histologically one and a
      half years after being used to reconstruct the lateral collateral ligament of the
      human knee. A remarkably consistent pattern was seen in the induced ligament. The
      basic pattern was a "composite unit", consisting of a core of carbon fibre
      enveloped in a concentric manner by coherent layers of fibroblasts and collagen
      fibres. This new structure seemed to have been induced by continuous irritation
      caused by the physical structure of the carbon fibres; it is unlikely ever to
      acquire the structure of a natural ligament. However, it is biologically
      compatible and is biomechanically sufficient as long as the entire tow of carbon
      fibres is preserved.

PMID- 4030869
TI  - The influence of induced micromovement upon the healing of experimental tibial
      fractures.
AB  - Although it has been well established that fracture healing is influenced by the
      mechanical environment, the optimal parameters have not yet been established. In
      two groups of sheep an experimental tibial diaphysial fracture was created, and
      stabilised using external skeletal fixation. In one group rigid fixation was
      maintained throughout fracture healing; in the other group controlled axial
      micromovement, with a loading regime known to be osteogenic in intact bones, was
      applied for a short period daily. A significant improvement in healing was
      associated with the application of controlled micromovement. Data from these
      experiments provide the basis for improving the conditions for fracture healing
      and may assist in the prevention of delayed union.

PMID- 4030870
TI  - The response of human tissues to carbon reinforced epoxy resin.
AB  - The tissue surrounding carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resin plates applied to
      forearm and tibial fractures was biopsied in 32 patients at the time the plates
      were removed. The reaction was minimal and was compared with that in a control
      group of 16 similar patients in whom stainless steel plates were used. No
      significant histological differences were found. A series of experiments on rats,
      in which the histology was studied from 2 to 78 weeks, also showed that there was
      very little reaction to carbon fibre reinforced plastic.

PMID- 4030871
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in orthopaedic surgery. A glimpse into the future.
AB  - Magnetic resonance images (MRI) were obtained of 10 healthy volunteers and 70
      patients suffering from various orthopaedic disorders. Selected images of soft
      tissue, joint, bone and spinal abnormalities are presented and their
      interpretation is described. Although we have been using MRI for only a very
      short time, it is already possible to see its advantages: it provides good images
      of soft-tissues, detailed pictures of bone marrow, and excellent visualisation of
      the spine and spinal cord. The decision-making process in surgical procedures
      will in the future be influenced by this technique.

PMID- 4030872
TI  - Valve replacement in the elderly: a long term appraisal.
AB  - From July 1972 through July 1983, 360 consecutive patients 70 years of age and
      older (mean age 74.1; range 70-88 years) underwent 362 valve replacement
      procedures. There were 122 isolated aortic valve replacements (33.7%; Group I);
      70 isolated mitral valve replacements (19.3%; Group II); and 170 patients had
      combined procedures (47.0%; Group III), which included the replacement of at
      least one valve. Eighteen patients (5.0%) had previous cardiac surgery. Thirty
      two patients (8.8%) were operated as emergencies. Three hundred and thirty-two
      (86.5%) of all valves implanted were porcine heterografts. Pre-operatively, over
      one-half (53.6%) of the patients were in New York Heart Association Functional
      Class IV. The overall hospital mortality was 13.8% (50 patients). The aortic
      valve mortality was 11.5%, the mitral valve mortality was 15.7%, and the combined
      procedures 14.7%. The follow-up period for hospital survivors (312 patients)
      extended from 2 weeks to 127.2 months, with a mean of 38.7 months or a total of
      1,006 patient-years. The long term survival computed up to six years shows a 65
      +/- 3.8% (standard error of the mean) for the entire group. The aortic valve
      group survival was 71 +/- 5.6%; the mitral valve group 60 +/- 8.2%; and the
      combined procedures group was 64 +/- 5.3%. Postoperative functional improvement
      was significant with 71.8% of the survivors in Class I and 19.6% in Class II.
      Based on these results, advanced age can no longer be considered a deterrant to
      cardiac surgery. The porcine heterograft appears to be the valve substitute of
      choice for this age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030873
TI  - Advantages of superior approach for mitral valve surgery.
AB  - Technical factors in mitral valve surgery (MVS) which may influence neurological
      complications, trauma to the left atrium and formation of atrial mural thrombi
      have not previously been described in detail. We have reviewed the records of 146
      patients (pts) undergoing MVS through the superior approach between January 1974
      and May 1981. The series consisted of 97 females and 49 males with a mean age of
      57 +/- 18 years. All but 4 pts were in New York Heart Association functional
      class III or IV. Twenty-five pts underwent open mitral commissurotomy, 116 had
      valve replacement and 5 had annuloplasty. Concomitant procedures were coronary
      bypass in 47, aortic valve replacement in 18 and resection of left ventricular
      aneurysm in 3. Left atrial thrombi were removed in 21 pts. Thirteen pts (9%) died
      postoperatively. The causes of death were left ventricular failure in 7,
      arrhythmia in 4 and atrio-ventricular disruption in 2. Two of these pts also had
      cerebral dysfunction. Autopsy examination in 8 pts failed to reveal formation of
      fresh left atrial septal or posterior mural thrombus. Postoperative complications
      included transient neurologic injury presumed to be due to air embolus in 3 and
      postoperative bleeding from atrial suture line in one. The mean follow-up for the
      survivors has been 30 months. There have been 16 (12%) late deaths from 1 to 72
      months (mean 15). Autopsy examination of 4 pts and surgical exploration in one
      other pt which failed to reveal organized left atrial mural thrombus. Only one
      late death was related to prosthetic thrombosis. This occurred following
      cessation of anticoagulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4030874
TI  - Aortic valvotomy in the treatment of congenital aortic stenosis.
AB  - Forty patients aged 1.5-23 (mean 11) years underwent open aortic valvotomy for
      congenital aortic stenosis. Mean preoperative peak aortic gradient for the group
      was 88 (SD +/- 24) mmHg. Follow-up data was available on all patients for a total
      of 269 patient-years (means 6.6 year). There was no early mortality, and only one
      (2.5%) late death. During the follow-up period 3 patients (7.5%) required aortic
      valve replacement. Actuarial survival curves predict a 7 year survival of 95.7
      (SE +/- 8.4%) for all patients, and a freedom from reoperation rate at 6 years of
      8.7 (SE +/- 9.3)%. Symptomatic results in the survivors were excellent (97.5%
      NYHA Class I). Data from this series compares favourably with the literature
      which is reviewed for a total of 1136 patients undergoing open aortic valvotomy.

PMID- 4030875
TI  - Surgical management of infected median sternotomy: closed irrigation vs. muscle
      flaps.
AB  - Mediastinitis remains a serious complication of median sternotomy which requires
      prompt and aggressive surgical management. Debridement and closed irrigation has
      been the conventional mode of treatment. Failure to respond results in open
      drainage and delayed healing with its associated increased morbidity and
      mortality. Secondary closure with rectus muscle flaps has been a marked advance
      in the treatment of these patients. In an attempt to define guidelines for the
      treatment of mediastinitis complicating median sternotomy, a retrospective review
      of 2,400 cardiac surgical cases at St. Vincent's Hospital from 1977 through 1982
      was performed. There were 25 cases (1%) of mediastinitis. Debridement and closed
      irrigation was successful in 16 patients (64%) with an average postoperative
      hospital stay of 19 days. Failure resulted in open drainage in 2 patients (8%)
      with an average hospital stay of 66 days and debridement and secondary closure by
      rectus muscle flaps in 7 patients (28%) with an average hospital stay of 28 days.
      There were no deaths in the entire series. Failure to respond to closed
      irrigation was not due to delay in diagnosis. The length of time between
      operation and the first sign of sternal dehiscence did not vary significantly.
      Sternal dissolution, the presence of anaerobic organisms, large volumes of
      purulent and necrotic material, however, were responsible for continued
      mediastinitis and further sternal dehiscence. Open irrigation and delayed closure
      with muscle flaps should be reserved for these patients and appears to decrease
      significantly morbidity and length of hospital stay. Surgical debridement and
      closed irrigation, however, remains the primary method of treatment of the less
      virulent forms of mediastinitis following median sternotomy.

PMID- 4030876
TI  - A comparison of blood and Fluosol-DA for cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Fluosol-DA was compared to blood as a pump prime for total cardiopulmonary bypass
      in the pig animal model. Nineteen pigs weighing between 14 and 22 kg were
      studied, nine with blood and ten with Fluosol. Metabolic and hemodynamic
      measurements were determined before, during and after 60 minute bypass to
      establish the adequacy of Fluosol to sustain perfusion as compared to blood. The
      measurements and subsequent calculations included blood gases, arterial and mixed
      venous oxygen content, oxygen extraction and consumption, cardiac output,
      systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance and arterial, venous, pulmonary artery
      and left atrial pressures. The result showed a significant decrease in hematocrit
      during bypass in the Fluosol group as compared to blood perfusion (20 vs. 30%).
      While the arterial oxygen content fell from control levels with Fluosol during
      bypass, in the blood prime group, oxygen content remained at pre-control levels.
      Whole body oxygen consumption decreased during bypass, in both groups equally,
      but this decrease did not lead to acidosis and was stable during recovery. Oxygen
      and carbon dioxide transport were adequately maintained during bypass in both
      Fluosol and blood groups. Systemic pressures remained stable during bypass and
      were lower, but stable, during recovery. Pulmonary vascular resistance was
      elevated in both groups during recovery which probably explains a concomitantly
      decreased cardiac output. There was a 40% mortality in both experimental groups
      secondary to postpump pulmonary hypertension. It is concluded that Fluosol is a
      satisfactory oxygen carrying agent to be used instead of blood during
      cardiopulmonary bypass, and in the pig model both blood and Fluosol were
      associated with a high incidence of pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 4030877
TI  - Experimental cardioplasty using the latissimus dorsi muscle flap.
AB  - This study was undertaken to examine the possibility of using the latissimus
      dorsi muscular flap, divided in two parts thus covering the surfaces of the
      heart, and inserting it into the thoracic cavity by means of a segmental
      resection of the second rib. After cadaver case studies, 15 operations were
      performed on 5 Beagle dogs. The first group of 5 operations consisted of a
      latissimus dorsi flap graft over the heart. The second group and third group of
      operations (3 and 6 months later) consisted of reoperating for muscular and
      cardiac biopsies and electrical stimulation tests on the heart-muscle complex.
      The latissimus dorsi flap provided a sizable mass of contractile tissue. The
      haemodynamic studies showed no compressive or constrictive phenomenon of the
      muscle on the heart and revealed the preservation of an appropriate cardiac
      output for short intervals of time (2 hours), through phasic electrostimulation
      of the flap. The histopathological studies showed conserved muscular structure.
      The technical feasibility, histological adaptability and electrophysiological
      properties of this muscular flap makes it appropriate to develop a functional
      stimulation programme and perhaps adequate for the treatment of dysplasic,
      ischemic, tumoral and other acquired or congenital myocardial diseases.

PMID- 4030878
TI  - Six year experience with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene arterial grafts for
      limb salvage.
AB  - We have used 822 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts in arterial
      reconstructions for limb salvage over the last 6 years at Montefiore Medical
      Center-Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Four hundred and twenty-seven
      femoropopliteal reconstructions with PTFE had a 6 year cumulative life table
      patency rate of 55% with follow-up of 76 grafts for more than 3 years and 28
      grafts for more than 4 years. Seventy-nine bypasses to the isolated popliteal
      segment had a 6 year cumulative patency rate of 72%. There were 207 bypasses
      performed to the tibial, peroneal or dorsalis pedis arteries. Life table patency
      rates were 55% at 1 year, 40% at 2 years and 37% at 4 years. Ninety-two PTFE
      femorofemoral and 62 axillofemoral bypasses had 5 1/2 year cumulative life table
      patency rates of 83% and 75%, respectively. Axillopopliteal PTFE bypasses can
      salvage otherwise doomed limbs. Thirty-four such grafts had 74% 1 year and 45% 5
      year patency rates. The overall infection rate in all 822 PTFE grafts was only
      0.5%. Thus, PTFE is a promising vascular prosthetic material which facilitates
      otherwise difficult or impossible limb salvage procedures.

PMID- 4030879
TI  - Methods of suppression of myonephropathic metabolic syndrome.
AB  - Acute arterial occlusion of the extremities may result in severe and complex
      metabolic derangements. In order to investigate therapeutic means of controlling
      such metabolic derangements, 19 adult mongrel dogs weighing between 7 and 15 kg
      underwent acute arterial occlusion by cross-clamping the infrarenal aorta.
      Clamping was released after 48 hours. The experimental animals were divided into
      three groups: an untreated group, a THAM group, and a perfusion group.
      Biochemical and electrolyte analyses were measured before and 1 hour after
      occlusion, and 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the release of occlusion. The
      SGOT, creatinine, CPK, and aldolase levels rose after release of the occlusion
      and were significantly higher in the untreated group than in the THAM and
      perfusion groups. Among these enzymatic changes, the CPK level showed the largest
      increase. The serum potassium levels remained almost at preocclusion levels after
      release of the occlusion. It was concluded that the intravenous administration of
      THAM and peripheral washing were effective against untoward metabolic changes
      occurring in the ischemic extremities.

PMID- 4030880
TI  - Arterial thrombosis and embolism in malignancy.
AB  - In most reviews of arterial embolism or thrombosis the source of emboli or the
      cause of thrombosis can reasonably be established in over 90% of patients. Still
      about 10% remain without demonstrable cardiac or intraarterial sources. Although
      hypercoagulability induced by malignancy has been alluded to as a cause of
      unexplained intravascular thrombosis reports of arterial thromboembolism with
      such association are rare. Seven patients with unequivocal thromboembolism are
      presented. Two distinct clinical patterns are observed, one with in situ
      thrombosis of small arteries and the other with occlusion of large arteries
      causing limb ischemia or fatal organ infarction. The various pathogenetic
      mechanisms of arterial thrombosis or embolism in malignancy include sustained
      spasm of arteries, precipitation of cryoglobulins or other abnormal proteins in
      small arteries, direct tumor invasion of arteries, fragmentation and embolization
      of intracardiac or intraarterial metastases and spontaneous arterial thrombosis
      due to hypercoagulability. The hypercoagulable state can be recognized by the
      observation of shortened bleeding and clotting times, partial thromboplastin and
      prothrombin times, elevation of coagulation factors, platelets and yield stress
      index and resistance to anticoagulation. Patients presenting with arterial
      thromboembolic events with out demonstrable source should be investigated for
      malignancy. Conversely patients with malignancy should be searched for evidence
      of hypercoagulability in an attempt to prevent arterial thromboembolic
      complications.

PMID- 4030881
TI  - Surgical treatment for dissecting aneurysm of the aorta using a double ringed
      graft.
AB  - Since 1978 we have been using a new double ringed graft for the treatment for
      dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. This prosthesis is a segment of a woven Dacron
      graft with two stainless steel rings, fixed and sutured in place, 10 or 12 mm
      apart, at each end of the graft. The operative procedure is as follows: the graft
      is tied into the true lumen of the dissected aorta; tape is ligated around the
      aorta and fixed between the two rings; and suturing of the aortic layers is done
      over the inserted graft. This technique has been applied in 11 cases of
      dissecting aneurysm. Eight patients survived, and 3 died soon after surgery due
      to complications. The safety of this method was ascertained by experimental and
      pathohistological studies.

PMID- 4030882
TI  - Thoracic aortic aneurysm secondary to giant cell arteritis: a reappraisal of
      etiology, treatment and possible prevention.
AB  - 43 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) were treated over a ten-year
      period at our hospital. Five (11.6%) had giant cell arteritis (GCA). Although
      many types of arteritis have been reported, all have pathologic features of
      elastic degeneration and granulomatous inflammation and may share a common
      underlying etiology. TAA secondary to arteritis frequently involves the ascending
      aorta, leading to aortic root dilatation and valvular insufficiency. Three of
      five of our patients had these findings and had successful surgical repair by
      combined aortic valve and ascending aorta replacement. Patients with TAA
      secondary to arteritis should be investigated further, looking for evidence of
      additional arterial disease. Because corticosteroids have prevented the
      progression of other types of arteritis, further investigation of their efficacy
      in the treatment of giant cell arteritis may be warranted.

PMID- 4030883
TI  - Fibromuscular dysplasia in the extremities.
AB  - Four patients had fibromuscular dysplasia of the extremities involving the
      brachial, deep femoral, popliteal, anterior and posterior tibial and peroneal
      arteries. One of them demonstrated a string-of-beads appearance in the
      superficial veins of the arm and this was pathologically confirmed as
      fibromuscular dysplasia. We believe this is the first report of this disease
      affecting the peripheral arteries and the superficial veins of the extremities.
      The sympathetic system seems to be related to the development of fibromuscular
      dysplasia.

PMID- 4030884
TI  - An evaluation of resting arterial ischemia models in the rat hind limb.
AB  - Techniques for using the rat hind limb as a model of pure arterial ischemia at
      rest have not been well defined. Because the rat has no profunda femoral artery,
      numerous collateral pathways exist to the hind limb, and femoral artery ligation
      is not an effective method of inducing arterial ischemia. After several anatomic
      studies, a two stage operation to produce arterial ischemia in the left hind limb
      was devised. The first stage involved surgical interruption of collateral and re
      entrant vessels, and the second stage involved femoral artery ligation. Using
      Xenon 133 clearance as an estimate of blood flow, reduction in flow to 14, 24,
      and 37% of the simultaneously measured value in the right hind limb was obtained
      at 2 hours, 2 days, and 5 days post ligation. Oxygen extraction in the left hind
      limb doubled both at 2 hours and at 2 days post ligation. Histological evaluation
      of the anterior compartment musculature after 5 days demonstrated loss of nuclei,
      degenerating contractile elements, edema, and inflammatory infiltrate. Evaluation
      of rats that had undergone isolated femoral artery ligation showed a 66%
      reduction in flow 2 hours after ligation, but no reduction in flow at 5 days, no
      increase in oxygen extraction, and only nuclear changes on histological exam at
      five days.

PMID- 4030885
TI  - Renal artery graft-to-duodenum fistula: unusual presentation of a recurrent flank
      abscess.
AB  - Perhaps the most devastating complication of a prosthetic vascular graft is the
      formation of an aortoenteric fistula. Most reports have dealt with fistulas
      between the aortic graft and the duodenum, although any revascularized vessel
      with prosthetic material can be the site of an enteric fistula. We report an
      unusual case in which a renal artery previously revascularized with a silk
      prosthetic graft developed a fistula to the duodenum 16 years later. Whether the
      prosthetic graft is in the aortic position or to a visceral vessel, when a
      fistula develops the only acceptable treatment is complete removal of the graft
      and revascularization with autogenous tissues, if necessary.

PMID- 4030886
TI  - Incarcerated femoral hernia after an aortofemoral bypass graft.

PMID- 4030887
TI  - A multipurpose grasping forceps for retrieval of an embolized catheter fragment.
AB  - Transjugular removal of an embolized catheter fragment from the right atrium of a
      6-month-old infant was successfully performed using a multipurpose grasping
      forceps. All procedures for the retrieval were completed in only 10 minutes
      without complications or difficulty.

PMID- 4030888
TI  - XVII World Congress of the International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
      August 25-30, 1985, Monte Carlo, Monaco. Abstracts.

PMID- 4030889
TI  - The presence of two skeletal muscle alpha-actinins correlates with troponin
      tropomyosin expression and Z-line width.
AB  - Two species of alpha-actinin from rabbit fast skeletal muscles were identified
      with a monospecific antisera. Designated alpha-actinin1f and alpha-actinin2f,
      their distribution in muscles does not correlate with histochemically defined
      fast fiber type. Rather, the presence of each correlates with Z-line width and
      with the expression of different thin filament Ca2+-regulatory complexes. alpha
      Actinin1f is expressed with troponin T 1f-alpha beta tropomyosin, and alpha
      actinin2f with troponin T 2f-alpha 2 tropomyosin. CNBr peptide maps show that the
      fast alpha-actinin species differ in primary structure. In contrast, the slow
      alpha-actinin is indistinguishable from alpha-actinin1f. Further evidence for the
      similarity of alpha-actinin1f and slow alpha-actinin comes from electron
      microscopic studies which show that fibers that express these species exhibit
      thick Z-lines. So, unlike other contractile proteins, the multiple forms of alpha
      actinin do not reflect the distinction between fast- and slow-twitch muscles.

PMID- 4030890
TI  - A novel giant secretion polypeptide in Chironomus salivary glands: implications
      for another Balbiani ring gene.
AB  - Chironomus salivary glands contain a family of high Mr (approximately 1,000 X
      10(3)) secretion polypeptides thought to consist of three components: sp-Ia, sp
      Ib, and sp-Ic. The use of a new extraction protocol revealed a novel high Mr
      component, sp-Id. Results of a survey of individual salivary glands indicated
      that sp-Id was widespread in more than a dozen strains of C. tentans and C.
      pallidivittatus. Sp-Id was phosphorylated at Ser residues, and a comparison of
      cyanogen bromide and tryptic peptide maps of 32P-labeled polypeptides suggested
      that sp-Ia, sp-Ib, and sp-Id are comprised of similar but nonidentical tandemly
      repeated amino acid sequences. We concluded that sp-Id is encoded by an mRNA
      whose size and nucleotide sequence organization are similar to Balbiani ring (BR)
      mRNAs that code for the other sp-I components. Furthermore, parallel repression
      of sp-Ib and sp-Id synthesis by galactose led us to hypothesize that both of
      their genes exist within Balbiani ring 2.

PMID- 4030892
TI  - Metastatic potential of B16 melanoma cells after in vitro selection for organ
      specific adherence.
AB  - Heterogeneous primary tumors contain subpopulations of cells that differ in
      ability to metastasize to specific host organs. We have used cryostat sections of
      host organs to select for metastatic variants of B16 melanoma cells with
      increased adhesion to specific syngeneic tissues. By repeating the selection
      procedure with lung tissue, a subpopulation of cells was isolated that
      demonstrated a specific increase in binding to cryostat sections of mouse lung.
      This altered binding was reflected by a sixfold increase in the frequency of lung
      metastasis 21 d after tail vein injection of the tumor cells. In contrast, B16
      melanoma cells selected on cryostat sections of mouse brain showed no increase in
      adhesion to brain or lung tissue and the metastatic pattern in vivo was not
      significantly different compared with the parent cell line. When cells selected
      for increased adhesion to cryostat sections of lung were further examined in
      vitro, they showed altered morphology and increased motility but no change in
      growth rate. These results demonstrate that alterations in the adhesive
      interactions between metastatic tumor cells and a specific host tissue can
      directly affect the frequency of metastasis to that tissue in vivo.

PMID- 4030891
TI  - Platelet-derived growth factor and heparin-like glycosaminoglycans regulate
      thrombospondin synthesis and deposition in the matrix by smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a smooth muscle cell (SMC) mitogen, and
      heparin-like glycosaminoglycans, known inhibitors of SMC growth and migration,
      were found to regulate thrombospondin synthesis and matrix deposition by cultured
      rat aortic SMC. The synthesis and distribution of thrombospondin was examined in
      growth-arrested SMCs, in PDGF-stimulated SMCs, and in heparin-treated SMCs using
      metabolic labeling and immunofluorescence techniques. Thrombospondin synthesis in
      response to purified PDGF occurred within 1 h after addition of growth factor to
      growth-arrested SMCs, peaked at 2 h, and returned to baseline levels by 5 h. The
      induction of synthesis of thrombospondin by PDGF was dose dependent, with a
      maximal effect observed at 2.5 ng/ml. Actinomycin D (2 micrograms/ml) inhibited
      thrombospondin induction by PDGF, suggesting a requirement for new RNA synthesis.
      In the presence of heparin and related polyanions, the incorporation of
      thrombospondin into the SMC extracellular matrix was markedly reduced. This
      effect was dose dependent with a maximal effect observed at a heparin
      concentration of 1 microgram/ml. Heparin did not affect the ability of SMCs to
      synthesize thrombospondin in response to PDGF. We interpret these data to suggest
      a role for thrombospondin in the SMC proliferative response to PDGF and in the
      regulation of SMC growth and migration by glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 4030893
TI  - Properties of the kinetochore in vitro. I. Microtubule nucleation and tubulin
      binding.
AB  - We have isolated chromosomes from Chinese hamster ovary cells arrested in mitosis
      with vinblastine and examined the interactions of their kinetochores with
      purified tubulin in vitro. The kinetochores nucleate microtubule (MT) growth with
      complex kinetics. After an initial lag phase, MTs are continuously nucleated with
      both plus and minus ends distally localized. This mixed polarity seems
      inconsistent with the formation of an ordered, homopolar kinetochore fiber in
      vivo. As isolated from vinblastine-arrested cells, kinetochores contain no bound
      tubulin. The kinetochores of chromosomes isolated from colcemid-arrested cells or
      of chromosomes incubated with tubulin in vitro are brightly stained after anti
      tubulin immunofluorescence. This bound tubulin is probably not in the form of
      MTs. It is localized to the corona region by immunoelectron microscopy, where it
      may play a role in MT nucleation in vitro.

PMID- 4030894
TI  - Properties of the kinetochore in vitro. II. Microtubule capture and ATP-dependent
      translocation.
AB  - We have studied the interaction of preformed microtubules (MTs) with the
      kinetochores of isolated chromosomes. This reaction, which we call MT capture,
      results in MTs becoming tightly bound to the kinetochore, with their ends capped
      against depolymerization. These observations, combined with MT dynamic
      instability, suggest a model for spindle morphogenesis. In addition, ATP appears
      to mobilize dynamic processes at captured MT ends. We used biotin-labeled MT
      seeds to follow assembly dynamics at the kinetochore. In the presence of ATP and
      unlabeled tubulin, labeled MT segments translocate away from the kinetochore by
      polymerization of subunits at the attached end. We have termed this reaction
      proximal assembly. Further studies demonstrated that translocation could be
      uncoupled from MT assembly. We suggest that the kinetochore contains an ATPase
      activity that walks along the MT lattice toward the plus end. This activity may
      be responsible for the movement of chromosomes away from the pole in
      prometaphase.

PMID- 4030896
TI  - Metabolic cooperation between vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells
      in co-culture: changes in low density lipoprotein metabolism.
AB  - A microcarrier co-culture system for aortic endothelial cells and smooth muscle
      cells (SMCs) was developed as a model for metabolic interactions between cells of
      the vessel wall. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism in SMCs was
      significantly influenced by co-culture with endothelium. The numbers of high
      affinity receptors for LDL was increased more than twofold (range, 2.1-5.6), with
      concomitant increases in LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis and degradation. These
      effects reached a plateau at an endothelial cell/SMC ratio of 1. Kinetic analysis
      of the endocytic pathway for LDL in SMCs indicated that, in co-culture with
      endothelium, there was no alteration in the binding affinity of LDL to its
      receptors but that the internalization rate constant declined and the rate
      constant for degradation increased. This analysis suggested that the formation
      and migration of endocytic vesicles was the rate-limiting step of enhanced LDL
      metabolism under co-culture conditions. Two mechanisms by which endothelial cells
      influenced smooth muscle LDL metabolism were identified. First, mitogen(s)
      derived from endothelial cells stimulated entry of SMCs into the growth cycle,
      and the changes in LDL metabolism occurred as a consequence of G1-S transition.
      Second, SMC lipoprotein metabolism was stimulated in the absence of mitogens by a
      low molecular weight (less than 3,500) factor or factors. Co-culture was a
      required condition for the latter effect, suggesting that the mediator(s) may be
      unstable or that cell-cell communication was necessary for expression. These
      results (a) demonstrate that vascular cell interactions can modify LDL metabolism
      in SMCs, (b) provide some insights into the mechanisms responsible, and (c)
      identify co-culture as an experimental approach appropriate to certain aspects of
      vascular cell biology.

PMID- 4030895
TI  - Lithium ion inhibits nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth and
      phosphorylation of nerve growth factor-modulated microtubule-associated proteins.
AB  - LiCl (2.5-20 mM) reversibly suppressed nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite
      outgrowth by cultured rat PC 12 pheochromocytoma cells. Similar concentrations of
      LiCl also reversibly blocked NGF-dependent regeneration of neurites by PC12 cells
      that had been primed by long-term pre-exposure to NGF and by cultured newborn
      mouse sympathetic neurons. In contrast, transcription-dependent responses of PC12
      cells to NGF such as priming and induction of the NGF-inducible large external
      glycoprotein, occurred despite the presence of Li+. SDS PAGE analysis of total
      cellular phosphoproteins (labeled by 2-h exposure to 32P-orthophosphate) from
      neurite-bearing primed PC12 cells revealed that Li+ reversibly inhibited the
      phosphorylation of a band of Mr 64,000 that was barely detectable in NGF
      untreated PC12 cells. However, Li+ did not appear to affect the labeling of other
      phosphoproteins in either NGF-primed or untreated PC12 cultures, nor did it
      affect the rapid increase in phosphorylation of several proteins that occurs when
      NGF is first added to unprimed cultures. Several criteria indicated that the NGF
      inducible phosphoprotein of Mr 64,000 is a microtubule-associated protein (MAP).
      Of the NGF-inducible phosphorylated MAPs that have been detected in PC12 cells
      (Mr 64,000, 72,000, 80,000, and 320,000), several (Mr 64,000, 72,000, and 80,000)
      were found to be substantially less phosphorylated in the presence of Li+.
      Neither a phorbol ester tumor promotor nor permeant cAMP analogs reversed the
      inhibitory effects of Li+ on neurite outgrowth or on phosphorylation of the
      component of Mr 64,000. Microtubules are a major and required constituent of
      neurites, and MAPs may regulate the assembly and stability of neuritic
      microtubules. The observation that Li+ selectively inhibits NGF-induced neurite
      outgrowth and MAP phosphorylation suggests a possible causal relationship between
      these two events.

PMID- 4030897
TI  - The calcium-dependent myoblast adhesion that precedes cell fusion is mediated by
      glycoproteins.
AB  - Presumptive myoblasts from explants of chick embryo pectoral muscle proliferate,
      differentiate, and fuse to form multinucleate myotubes. One event critical to
      multinucleate cell formation is the specific adhesion of myoblasts before union
      of their membranes. In the studies reported here five known inhibitors of myotube
      formation--trifluoperazine, sodium butyrate, chloroquine, 1,10 phenanthroline,
      and tunicamycin--were tested for their effect on the Ca++-dependent myoblast
      adhesion step. The first four inhibitors of myotube formation do not perturb
      myoblast adhesion but rather block fusion of aggregated cells, which suggests
      that these agents perturb molecular events required for the union of the lipid
      bilayers. By contrast, tunicamycin exerts its effect by inhibiting the myoblast
      adhesion step, thereby blocking myotube formation. The effect of tunicamycin can
      be blocked by a protease inhibitor, however, which implies that the carbohydrate
      residues protect the glycoproteins from proteolytic degradation rather than
      participate directly in cell-cell adhesion. Whereas trypsin treatment of
      myoblasts in the absence of Ca++ destroys the cells' ability to exhibit Ca++
      dependent adhesion, the presence of Ca++ during trypsin treatment inhibits the
      enzyme's effect, which suggests that myoblast adhesion is mediated by a
      glycoprotein(s) that has a conformation affected by Ca++. Finally, myoblast
      adhesion is inhibited by an antiserum raised against fusion-competent myoblasts.
      The effect of the antiserum is blocked by a fraction from the detergent extract
      of pectoral muscle that binds to immobilized wheat germ agglutinin, which again
      suggests that glycoproteins mediate Ca++-dependent myoblast adhesion.

PMID- 4030899
TI  - Structure of the Chlamydomonas agglutinin and related flagellar surface proteins
      in vitro and in situ.
AB  - Using the quick-freeze, deep-etch technique, we compare the structure of the cane
      shaped plus and minus sexual agglutinin molecules purified from gametes of
      Chlamydomonas reinhardi. We also describe the structure of three additional
      gamete-specific fibrillar molecules, called short canes, loops, and crescents,
      which are structurally related to the agglutinins. Four non-agglutinating mutant
      strains are found to produce the three latter fibrils but not canes, supporting
      our identification of the cane-shaped molecule as the agglutinin. The heads of
      the plus and minus canes are shown to differ in morphology. Moreover, two
      treatments that inactivate the plus agglutinin in vitro--thermolysin digestion
      and disulfide reduction/alkylation--bring about detectable structural changes
      only in the head domain of the cane, suggesting that the head may play an
      indispensible role in affecting gametic recognition/adhesion. We also present
      quick-freeze, deep-etch images of the flagellar surfaces of gametic, vegetative,
      and mutant cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. The gametic flagella are shown to
      carry the canes, short canes, loops, and crescents present in in vitro
      preparations. The cane and crescent proteins self-associate on the flagellar
      surface into stout fibers of uniform caliber, and they align along the
      longitudinal axis of the flagellum. The short canes and loops co-purify with
      flagella but, in the presence of mica, dissociate so that they lie to the sides
      of the flagella. The agglutinin canes of both mating types are oriented with
      their hooks at the membrane surface and their heads directed outward, where they
      are positioned to participate in the initial events of sexual agglutination.

PMID- 4030900
TI  - Binding of antibodies in liposomes to extracellular matrix antigens.
AB  - We have incorporated antibodies against fibronectin or laminin into liposomes and
      studied their interaction with insoluble forms of these antigens. The antibodies,
      after modification by palmitoylchloride, were incorporated into the lipid bilayer
      by the cholate dialysis method. The antibodies in the liposomes recognized their
      specific antigen with little reaction to the alternative attachment protein or to
      albumin (less than 2%). The binding of antibody-containing liposomes to insoluble
      antigen was inhibited by soluble antibodies to the respective antigens but not by
      antibodies to other antigens. The affinity constant of the liposome-antibody
      complex with the antigen was estimated at 1-10 X 10(-9) M liposomes. Thus,
      antibodies in liposomes retain their reactivity and specificity, and the reaction
      constant is comparable to that observed for immune complexes.

PMID- 4030898
TI  - Purification of a factor that promotes neurite outgrowth: isolation of laminin
      and associated molecules.
AB  - When culture medium, conditioned by any of several cell types, is applied to a
      polycationic substratum, a substance is adsorbed that causes neurons cultured on
      that substratum to extend processes (neurites) rapidly and profusely. We have
      purified the factor responsible for this effect from medium conditioned by bovine
      corneal endothelial cells, and have shown that it is composed of the glycoprotein
      laminin and two associated laminin-binding molecules: a sulfated protein known as
      entactin, and a large heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Of these molecules, only
      laminin was found to be present throughout the purification in all fractions
      possessing neurite outgrowth-promoting activity and absent from all fractions
      lacking activity. Laminin, purified from other sources, has been shown previously
      to promote extensive outgrowth by cultured neurons. These and other data
      presented here support the conclusion that laminin is responsible for the neurite
      outgrowth-promoting activity of the conditioned medium factor. Evidence is also
      presented that the association of a proteoglycan with laminin promotes efficient
      attachment of laminin to polycationic substrata, particularly in the presence of
      competing molecules.

PMID- 4030901
TI  - Biosynthesis of collagen.
AB  - During the biosynthesis and assembly of collagen structures, disulfide links can
      serve several functions. During biosynthesis they successively stabilize
      intrapeptide folding and associations of three chains into one molecule. Studies
      on the refolding and reassociation of reduced and denatured carboxyl propeptides
      of procollagen I showed that successive interactions of folding and assembly are
      successively weaker. Disulfide bridges were reestablished within correctly
      refolded carboxyl propeptides. Rearrangements of disulfide bridges may occur
      during the processing of type V procollagen molecules as these collagens become
      incorporated into extracellular matrix. The basement membrane procollagen IV
      molecules become disulfide linked at each end into networks, and there are
      indications that further rearrangements of disulfide links may allow additional
      modulation.

PMID- 4030902
TI  - Deposition of type X collagen in the cartilage extracellular matrix.
AB  - In cultured chick embryo chondrocytes, type X collagen is preferentially
      deposited in the extracellular matrix, the ratio between type II and type X
      collagen being about 5 times higher in the culture medium than in the cell layer.
      When the newly synthesized collagens deposited in slices from the epiphyseal
      cartilage of 17-day-old embryo tibiae were isolated, type X collagen was always
      the major species. In agreement with this result the mRNA for type X collagen was
      the predominant mRNA species purified from the same tissue. When the total
      collagen (unlabeled) deposited in the epiphyseal cartilage was analyzed, it was
      observed that type X collagen represented only 1/15 of the type II collagen
      recovered in the same preparation. The possible explanations for these
      differences are discussed.

PMID- 4030903
TI  - Differentiation in Trypanosoma brucei: host-parasite cell junctions and their
      persistence during acquisition of the variable antigen coat.
AB  - Acquisition of the variable antigen-containing surface coat of Trypanosoma brucei
      occurs at the metacyclic stage in the salivary glands of the tsetse fly vector.
      The differentiation of the metacyclic trypanosome in the gland has been studied
      by scanning electron microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy of thin
      sections and freeze-fracture replicas. The uncoated epimastigote trypanosomes
      (with a prenuclear kinetoplast) divide while attached to the salivary gland
      epithelium brush border by elaborate branched flagellar outgrowths, which ramify
      between the host cell microvilli and form punctate hemidesmosome-like attachment
      plaques where they are indented by the microvilli. These outgrowths become
      reduced as the epimastigotes transform to uncoated trypomastigotes (with
      postnuclear kinetoplast), which remain attached and capable of binary fission.
      The flagellar outgrowths disappear but the attachment plaques persist as the
      uncoated trypomastigotes (premetacyclics) stop dividing and acquire the surface
      coat to become 'nascent metacyclics'. Coat acquisition therefore occurs in the
      attached trypanosome and not, as previously believed, after detachment. Coating
      is accompanied by morphological changes in the glycosomes and mitochondrion of
      the parasite. Freeze-fracture replicas of the host-parasite junctional complexes
      show membrane particle aggregates on the host membrane but not on the parasite
      membrane. It is suggested that disruption of the complex occurs when maximum
      packing of the glycoprotein molecules has been achieved in the trypanosome
      surface coat, releasing the metacyclic trypanosome into the lumen of the gland.

PMID- 4030904
TI  - A novel procedure for pattern analysis of features present on freeze-fractured
      plasma membranes.
AB  - We have used statistical methods for the analysis of two-dimensional point
      patterns to derive quantitative descriptions of the distributions of caveolae on
      freeze-fractured muscle fibre membranes. One method was based on a quadrat
      analysis while the second was a new procedure that we have called the interpoint
      distance analysis. We show that the latter analysis can unambiguously distinguish
      random, clustered and dispersed patterns and that a single parameter can be
      derived that can be used to compare different distributions. It is readily
      applicable to patterns containing several hundred points. Practical details of
      the method are given and a simple algorithm that can be implemented on a
      microcomputer is provided. The interpoint distance analysis should prove
      generally useful in situations where the two-dimensional distribution of objects
      has to be quantified.

PMID- 4030905
TI  - Apoptosis as the mode of cell death in antibody-dependent lymphocytotoxicity.
AB  - A light and electron microscopic study of antibody-dependent lymphocytotoxicity
      was carried out with the object of elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the
      cell killing, the basis for the research being the relationship that has recently
      been shown to exist between the morphology of cell death and its pathogenesis.
      Chang liver cells coated with a rabbit anti-human antibody were used as targets
      and normal human peripheral-blood lymphocytes as effector cells. Cytotoxicity
      assays using release of 51Cr demonstrated extensive K-cell killing, thus
      validating the suitability of the model for morphological studies. Cell death
      displaying the features of apoptosis correlated with K-cell activity. A small
      amount of cell death by classical necrosis was observed, but its extent appeared
      to be unrelated to the presence of lymphocytes, to pre-treatment of the target
      cells with antibody, or to the magnitude of 51Cr release. The results support
      evidence indicating that lymphocytotoxicity depends on activation of a self
      destruct program within the target cell. They do not favour a mechanism involving
      the production of plasma membrane lesions analogous to those responsible for
      complement-mediated immune cytolysis.

PMID- 4030906
TI  - A mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that lacks the flagellar outer dynein arm
      but can swim.
AB  - A new type of Chlamydomonas mutant, which lacks the outer dynein arm but can
      swim, was isolated. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      showed that four of the ten high-molecular-weight bands of dynein present in the
      wild-type axoneme are missing or diminished in the mutant axoneme. The mutant has
      a swimming rate of about 35 micrometers/s and a flagellar beat frequency of about
      25 Hz, both of which are about 1/2.5 to 1/3 of those of the wild type. The mutant
      flagella beat with an asymmetric, cilia-type pattern, similar to the forward
      swimming mode of the flagellar beating pattern of the wild type. However, unlike
      wild-type flagella, the mutant flagella never beat with a symmetrical waveform:
      when the cells were stimulated by intense light, the mutant transiently stopped
      beating its flagella, whereas the wild-type cell transiently swam backwards with
      the two flagella beating with a symmetrical waveform. Both wild-type and mutant
      cells could be demembranated by Nonidet P40 and their swimming reactivated by
      addition of Mg-ATP in the virtual absence of Ca2+. Double reciprocal plots of the
      beat frequency against ATP concentrations showed a linear relationship for both
      strains, yielding maximal frequencies of 44 Hz (wild-type) and 23 Hz (mutant).
      The mutant axonemes can be reactivated only when the Ca2+ concentration is lower
      than 10(-6) M: at pCa4, the wild-type axonemes beat with a symmetrical waveform,
      but the mutant axonemes showed no movement. These findings indicate that the
      outer dynein arm is dispensable for flagellar beating of the asymmetric waveform
      (forward-swimming mode), but not for beating of the symmetrical waveform
      (backward-swimming mode), and thus suggest the importance of the outer dynein arm
      in the switching of flagellar waveforms.

PMID- 4030907
TI  - Production and functional properties of eosinophils from bone marrow cultures.
AB  - Bone marrow cultures have been established from mice infected with Mesocestoides
      corti and undergoing parasitic eosinophilia. In the absence of added conditioned
      medium, eosinophil differentiation ceases, and eosinophils are undetectable by 7
      days, whereas neutrophil production continues over several weeks as with normal
      bone marrow. Eosinophil production can be induced by adding pokeweed mitogen
      stimulated spleen supernatants (MSSS) or specific antigen-stimulated spleen
      supernatants (ASSS) produced from-spleen cells of M. corti-infected mice. In
      contrast to the continuous production of neutrophils, eosinophil production is
      transient, suggesting that there is no continued production of eosinophil
      progenitor cells in these cultures. More eosinophils are produced when MSSS is
      added at the initiation of cultures, compared to after a delay of 2 weeks, and
      establishing the cultures at 33 degrees C does not appear to enhance eosinophil
      production. The eosinophils produced are shown to express the eosinophil
      differentiation antigen defined by monoclonal antibody NIMP-R13, they produce
      eosinophil peroxidase in similar amounts to eosinophils taken from mice. They
      show normal phagocytic activity of antibody-coated erythrocytes and lyse red
      cells coated with antibodies of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, but not IgM isotypes.

PMID- 4030908
TI  - The transcriptional activity of individual ribosomal DNA gene clusters is
      modulated by serum concentration.
AB  - The activity of ribosomal gene clusters has been studied by cytological methods
      in human cultured cells grown in different amounts of serum under controlled
      experimental conditions. It has been shown that increasing amounts of serum
      induce an increase in ribosomal RNA synthesis at the single cell level.
      Furthermore, the concomitant identification of individual rRNA gene clusters by
      fluorescent techniques allowed us to demonstrate: (1) that individual gene
      clusters have differential transcriptional activity and differential frequency of
      activation; (2) that ribosomal gene activity is closely associated with the
      amount of silver-positive gene product and; (3) that environmental variations
      modulate rRNA synthesis by repressing or derepressing specific gene clusters.

PMID- 4030909
TI  - Correlations between characteristics of some free-living Chlorella sp. and their
      ability to form stable symbioses with Hydra viridis.
AB  - Aposymbiotic polyps of Hydra viridis were infected with 17 strains of in vitro
      cultured Chlorella sp. Larvae of Artemia fed with the chlorellae were used as an
      infecting vector. Of the 17 strains, seven formed stable symbioses and one formed
      a transient infection that disappeared within several weeks. Chlorellae of the
      nine other strains were cleared out of the infected hydra within 2-3 days. There
      was a distinct correlation between the ability of the chlorellae to form stable
      symbioses and their ability to adapt and grow in media enriched with 0.5%
      proteose peptone. Only strains that grew in the latter medium formed symbioses
      with the hydra. The symbioses formed with the different strains of chlorellae
      differed from one another. Hydra infected with some strains greened completely
      while those infected with other strains greened only partially. The degree of
      infection varied also within each population, and there were differences in the
      distribution of the various chlorellae along the stalk and inside the digestive
      cells of the hydra. Growth rates of the infected hydra were all less that those
      of aposymbiotic hydra or of hydra hosting native zoochlorellae. We conclude that
      adaptability to a nutrient-rich environment inside the perialgal vacuole of the
      digestive cell and a sufficient growth rate therein are crucial to the ability of
      chlorellae to form stable symbioses with H. viridis. In time, co-adaptation of
      hydra and chlorellae would restore the normal growth rate of the former and bring
      about regularity to the form and extent of infection by the latter.

PMID- 4030910
TI  - Morphological changes in rat tracheal cells during the adaptive and early growth
      phase in primary cell culture.
AB  - The purpose of our studies was to determine the fate of different cell types
      present in early primary cultures of tracheal epithelial cells and, if possible,
      to elucidate the role they play in the establishment of the cultures. Epithelial
      cells were isolated from rat tracheas with 0.5% Pronase and were cultured on
      collagen-coated dishes as described previously. Light and transmission electron
      microscopic studies showed that the cell population harvested from rat trachea
      was composed of approximately 30% ciliated cells, 50% granule-containing cells
      and 20% undifferentiated cells (presumably basal cells). Upon seeding the
      tracheal cell suspensions into culture, approximately 40% of the cells attached.
      Cell attachment was virtually complete after 16 h. Roughly 60% of the cells
      attaching during the first 12 h were neither ciliated nor granulated, suggesting
      that undifferentiated cells played a major role in establishment of the early
      cultures. Between 20 and 35% of the cells attaching during this time were
      identified as granulated cells (mucous cells). Ciliated cells did not start to
      attach in significant numbers until 8 h after seeding. They never amounted to
      more than 8-12% of the attached cell population. After 12 h of culture, the cell
      population underwent a progressive loss of differentiation. The number of poorly
      differentiated cells (i.e. those showing neither cilia nor mucous granules)
      increased correspondingly. This loss of differentiation preceded the onset of DNA
      synthesis and cell growth which began at about 24 and 40 h, respectively.
      Continuous [3H]thymidine-labelling studies showed that at 48 h after the start of
      culture about 90% of all attached cells had entered DNA synthesis at least once.
      This finding is consistent with the interpretation that the ciliated cells are
      terminally differentiated cells and are probably the only part of the tracheal
      cell inoculum not participating in the growth of the cultures. At 72 h, the
      cultures (now in mid-log growth phase) were composed of uniformly
      undifferentiated cells lacking cilia and mucous granules. The cells nevertheless
      showed unequivocal epithelial characteristics such as tight junctions and
      desmosomes. The studies suggest that both basal and mucous cells are responsible
      for the establishment and growth of the rat tracheal epithelial cell cultures.

PMID- 4030911
TI  - Inhibition of cell spreading on the band of extracellular fibres in early chick
      and quail embryos.
AB  - The ventral surface of the upper layer shows a band of extracellular fibrils
      around the anterior and lateral border of the area pellucida during gastrulation
      of the chick embryo. Using scanning electron microscopy, we found that this
      disposition is correlated with the motility of the middle-layer cells of
      gastrulating chick and quail embryos. Outside the fibrous band, single middle
      layer cells and a sheet of mesoblast cells were spread out and possessed
      lamellae. Single cells on the fibrous band did not form lamellae. The same cell
      behaviour was obtained with the explants of deep layer on the fibrous band. The
      fibrous band is assumed to operate as a barrier that inhibits cell motility
      during gastrulation.

PMID- 4030912
TI  - Circadian rhythm of nucleoli in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons: the two
      types of fibrillar centres and their quantitative relationship with the nucleolar
      organizing regions.
AB  - A quantitative stereological analysis was undertaken in nucleoli of rat superior
      cervical ganglion neurons. In this model, two types of fibrillar centres were
      observed: (1) small-type fibrillar centres were observed during the light span;
      and (2) a single large-type fibrillar centre occurred during the dark span near
      the smaller ones. The present data showed that the drastic increase in the mean
      volume of fibrillar centres during the dark span involved the occurrence and the
      progressive enlargement of one single large-type fibrillar centre and a marked
      rise in the number of small-type centres from 18 +/- 2 to 74 +/- 5 at 1500 h and
      0100 h corresponding to light and dark spans, respectively. The total number of
      these small-type fibrillar centres per nucleolus increased with the total volume
      whereas their unit volume remained unchanged. This enabled us to establish some
      relationship with nucleolar organizing regions (NORs).

PMID- 4030914
TI  - Normal average value of cerebral blood flow in younger adults is 50 ml/100 g/min.

PMID- 4030913
TI  - The ultrastructural organization of proteoglycans and collagen in human and
      rabbit scleral matrix.
AB  - The distribution of proteoglycans and their association with collagen fibrils
      were studied in human and rabbit sclera following fixation of tissue in
      glutaraldehyde containing Cuprolinic Blue, a specific stain for proteoglycans
      when used in the presence of critical concentrations of electrolytes.
      Proteoglycans were visualized by electron microscopy as fine filaments,
      approximately 54 nm in length and 5 nm in diameter, associated with the d band in
      the gap zone of the periodic collagen banding pattern. Filaments were present in
      three orientations: (1) radiating from the d band to associate with corresponding
      sites on adjacent collagen fibrils; (2) encircling the collagen fibril at the d
      band position; and (3) lying along the fibril axis, often linking consecutive d
      bands. No difference was apparent between the proteoglycan-collagen organization
      in human and rabbit sclera. A similar arrangement of proteoglycan filaments in
      association with the d band was also evident throughout all levels of the sclera
      in spite of considerable variations in fibril diameter from inner to outer
      stroma. Furthermore, the specific relationship of proteoglycans with the collagen
      fibrils in sclera closely resembled that previously described in tendon and in
      articular cartilage, lending support to the view that the association of
      proteoglycans with collagen may be consistent in a majority of connective
      tissues, irrespective of their diverse functional specializations.

PMID- 4030915
TI  - In vivo measurement of regional brain and tumor pH using
      [14C]dimethyloxazolidinedione and quantitative autoradiography.
AB  - Using [14C]dimethyloxazolidinedione ([14C]-DMO) and quantitative autoradiography,
      we estimated tissue pH (pHt) and intracellular pH (pHi) in nine regions of the
      normal rat brain and in intracerebrally implanted RG-2 gliomas. Calculations of
      regional pHt, based on equilibrium tissue and arterial plasma [14C]DMO
      concentration, ranged from 6.83 to 6.94; pHi, calculated assuming an
      extracellular water volume of 0.15 ml/g for gray matter and 0.11 ml/g for white
      matter, ranged from 6.61 to 6.78. No consistent difference was found in pHt or
      pHi between white and gray matter regions. Tumor tissue water content was
      determined by drying to constant weight, and extracellular space water volume
      (Ve) was estimated with [14C]sucrose in nephrectomized rats using quantitative
      autoradiography. Tumor pHt ranged from 7.08 to 7.18. For Ve = 0.17 (measured),
      pHi was 6.94-7.06; for Ve = 0.30 (assumed), the corresponding range for pHi was
      6.63-6.90. Thus, the RG-2 glioma is not more "acidic" than adjacent brain tissue
      and its "alkaline" pHt probably reflects a large extracellular water content and
      plasma-like extracellular pH.

PMID- 4030917
TI  - Kinetics of saturable transport across the blood-brain barrier.
AB  - This article is concerned with the extension of the Renkin-Crone model to a case
      of saturable transport across the blood-brain barrier, i.e., when the apparent
      permeability-surface area product is concentration dependent. A well-mixed tissue
      compartment is assumed, together with a simple symmetric saturable transport
      system. A computation scheme, or algorithm, is described that allows the
      calculation of arteriovenous differences and net influx rates for parent
      substance and tracer in terms of arterial and tissue concentrations of each, the
      transport maximum Tmax, the half-saturation constant Kt, and plasma flow rate.
      The scheme was devised initially for the analysis of experiments in which the
      parent substance was not in a steady state and in which tracer backflux from
      tissue to capillary was significant.

PMID- 4030916
TI  - Cerebral atrophy and hypoperfusion improve during treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff
      syndrome.
AB  - Nineteen patients with sudden onset of impaired recent memory, cerebellar ataxia,
      peripheral neuropathy, and other signs of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) were
      treated and examined prospectively for 3 months. Serial studies included
      histories, neurological examinations, cognitive capacity screening examinations
      (CCSE), computed tomography (CT) scans, and measurements of regional CBF.
      Patients were detoxified and withdrawn from sedatives before CBF measurements
      were examined. Treatment included alcohol withdrawal, nutritious diet, and 300 mg
      thiamine daily. Before treatment CCSE scores and blood flow values of both white
      and gray matter were reduced, particularly within both temporoparietal regions.
      After treatment of compliant patients (n = 10), white and gray matter blood flow
      increased concurrently with improved CCSE scores. Abnormal eye signs, ataxia,
      peripheral neuropathy, and performance of activities of daily living also
      improved. Cerebral atrophy and ventricular enlargement measured by CT decreased.
      Early recognition and treatment of WKS in compliant patients permit rapid
      reversals of cognitive and neurological impairments associated with increased
      blood flow of gray and white matter and improvements of brain atrophy measured by
      CT scanning.

PMID- 4030918
TI  - Ischemia-induced shift of inhibitory and excitatory amino acids from intra- to
      extracellular compartments.
AB  - Brain ischemia was induced for 10 or 30 min by clamping the common carotid
      arteries in rabbits whose vertebral arteries had previously been
      electrocauterized. EEG and tissue content of high energy phosphates were used to
      verify the ischemic state and to evaluate the degree of postischemic recovery.
      Extracellular levels and total contents of amino acids were followed in the
      hippocampus during ischemia and 4 h of recirculation. At the end of a 30-min
      ischemic period, GABA had increased 250 times, glutamate 160 times, and aspartate
      and taurine 30 times in the extracellular phase. The levels returned to normal
      within 30 min of reflow. A delayed increase of extracellular phosphoethanolamine
      and ethanolamine peaked after 1-2 h of reflow. Ten minutes of ischemia elicited
      considerably smaller but similar effects. With respect to total amino acids in
      the hippocampus, glutamate and aspartate decreased to 30-50% of control while
      GABA appeared unaffected after 4 h of reflow. Alanine, valine, phenylalanine,
      leucine, and isoleucine increased severalfold. The importance of toxic
      extracellular levels of excitatory amino acids, as well as of high extracellular
      levels of inhibitory amino acids, are considered in relation to the
      pathophysiology of neuronal cell loss during cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 4030919
TI  - Ischemic brain damage in rats following cardiac arrest using a long-term recovery
      model.
AB  - A model is described in which transient complete cerebral ischemia is induced in
      rats by intracardiac injection of potassium chloride. The animals were intubated
      and mechanically ventilated with a nitrous oxide/oxygen (70:30) mixture. Cardiac
      arrest was achieved following a brief period of ventricular fibrillation. After 5
      6 min, the circulation was restored by cardiopulmonary resuscitation and partial
      exchange transfusion. Local CBF (LCBF) during ischemia and cardiac resuscitation
      was studied by injection of [14C]iodoantipyrine into the right auricle at various
      periods during cardiac arrest, and was subsequently analyzed by autoradiography.
      No radioactive tracer could be visualized in any brain structure, demonstrating
      the absence of CBF during the cardiac standstill. LCBF was also studied at 5 min
      and 6.5 h after cardiac resuscitation. Five minutes of recirculation showed an
      increase in blood flow in all brain structures studied, ranging between 130 and
      400% of control values. After 6.5 h of recirculation, the CBF was decreased in 13
      of 24 brain structures by 20-50%, concomitantly with the depressed rate of
      glucose utilization found in 15 brain structures. The neocortical, hippocampal,
      and striatal concentrations of labile phosphates, lactate, pyruvate,
      phosphocreatine, glucose, and glycogen were measured 5 min after cardiac arrest.
      Extensive energy failure and elevation of lactate levels were observed and were
      similar to earlier reported values. One week following recovery from the ischemic
      insult, the animals were perfusion-fixed with formaldehyde. The brains were
      embedded in paraffin, subserially sectioned, and stained with cresyl violet/acid
      fuchsin. Histopathological changes were assessed by light microscopy as the
      number of acidophilic or pyknotic neurons. Morphological changes were observed in
      the hilus of the dentate gyrus, the hippocampal CA1 and subicular regions, the
      dorsal and lateral septum, the olfactory tubercle, the primary olfactory cortex,
      the entorhinal cortex, the amygdaloid nuclei, and the reticular nucleus of the
      thalamus. The distribution of the morphological changes suggests a transsynaptic
      mechanism, causing neuronal necrosis primarily in the limbic brain areas.

PMID- 4030920
TI  - Brain tissue acidosis and changes of energy metabolism in mild incomplete
      ischemia--topographical study.
AB  - Regional changes of brain tissue pH and its correlation to energy metabolism were
      studied in various degrees of incomplete ischemia for 5 and 60 min in the
      unilateral common carotid occlusion of normally fed mongolian gerbils. The degree
      of ischemia was evaluated by the severity of neurological deficits following 60
      min of occlusion, and animals were divided into three groups: symptomatic,
      borderline, and asymptomatic. Changes of NADH and ATP distribution corresponded
      well to the degree of ischemia. On the other hand, acidosis developed more
      clearly and extended in wider areas than the changes of NADH and ATP
      distribution. These changes were already seen at 5 min of occlusion. From the
      results of this experiment, it was suspected that acidosis in mild incomplete
      ischemia was due to stimulated anaerobic glycolysis that might supplement NADH
      oxidation and ATP yields. Further, acidosis without energy failure was considered
      not to be detrimental to neuronal cells.

PMID- 4030921
TI  - Influence of reduced oxygen availability on cerebral metabolic changes during
      bicuculline-induced seizures in rats.
AB  - The objective of the present work was to study cerebral energy metabolism at
      threshold levels of hypoxia, i.e., degrees of hypoxia that abolish cerebral
      electrical activity, in the "normal" and in the epileptic brain. Seizures were
      induced by intravenous bicuculline and cerebral oxygen availability was reduced
      by a combination of lowered PO2 and reduced blood pressure to give a
      transformation of the burst suppression pattern to either one with single spikes
      or overt EEG flattening. Nonepileptic control animals were exposed to degrees of
      hypoxia that gave either a markedly depressed EEG pattern with sparse slow waves
      or EEG flattening. Epileptic and nonepileptic groups proved comparable in terms
      of calculated oxygen availability and cerebral oxygen consumption at the
      threshold of "transmission failure." At levels of hypoxia that markedly
      attenuated or completely abolished seizure discharge, the cerebral metabolic
      changes were more marked than in comparable nonepileptic animals. These changes
      comprised an imminent severe perturbation of cerebral cortical phosphorylation
      potential, a pronounced lactic acidosis with a precipitous redox change, and a
      marked accumulation of ammonia. The more labile energy balance of the epileptic
      brain may indicate that the "seizure state" either increases cellular energy
      demands in spite of the electrical silence or reduces the efficiency of ATP
      production at the prevailing oxygen availability. It is conceivable that energy
      failure elicited by complicating hypoxia can aggravate or precipitate brain cell
      damage in epilepsy.

PMID- 4030922
TI  - Blocking effect of diltiazem on thiopentone-induced vasoconstriction in isolated
      canine internal carotid arteries.
AB  - Stainless-steel cannulas were inserted into isolated internal carotid arteries of
      the dog to observe vasoconstrictor responses to thiopentone. Thiopentone at a
      relatively large dose (100-3,000 micrograms) induced vasoconstrictor responses in
      a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 1 mg thiopentone usually produced a definite
      increase in perfusion pressure of greater than 50 mm Hg. These effects were not
      influenced by treatment with phentolamine in doses that significantly suppressed
      noradrenaline-induced vasoconstrictor responses. Diltiazem inhibited the
      constriction in response to thiopentone as well as that to potassium chloride in
      a noncompetitive antagonistic manner. It is suggested that the constriction
      induced by thiopentone may be due in part to activation of the calcium-inward
      channel in the wall of the internal carotid artery.

PMID- 4030923
TI  - Effects of enkephalins, morphine, and naloxone on pial arteries during
      perivascular microapplication.
AB  - The effects of the opiate receptor agonists, enkephalins and morphine, and the
      antagonist, naloxone, on cerebrovascular resistance vessels was investigated in
      situ by employing perivascular microapplication. Feline pial arteries with a
      resting diameter of 66-294 micron were tested. Vascular diameter was measured
      using television image splitting. Concentration-response curves revealed no
      change of diameter when Leu-enkephalin, D-Ala2-Leu-enkephalinamide, D-Ala2-Met
      enkephalinamide, and morphine were applied in concentrations of 10(-11)-10(-5) M.
      Considering the concentrations of enkephalins that have been found in natural
      cerebrospinal fluid or that can be expected in the vicinity of enkephalinergic
      synapses, the data obtained with the lower concentrations indicate that
      enkephalins are probably not important for the regulation of pial arterial
      resistance. At 10(-4) M only the dilation (4.3%) elicited by D-Ala2-Leu
      enkephalinamide was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). All four
      agonists at 10(-3) M induced significant dilatations varying between 5.4 and
      13.6%. Naloxone exerted no vascular effect per se at 10(-5) and 10(-4) M but a
      dilatation of 15.3% at 10(-3) M. The latter can be explained by a partial agonist
      action. During simultaneous administration, naloxone (10(-4) M) reduced the
      dilatations induced by 10(-4) and 10(-3) M D-Ala2-Leu-enkephalinamide dose
      dependently. This indicates that mu- and delta-opioid receptors, probably located
      at the vascular smooth muscle cell, were involved in the mediation of the
      dilatation induced by the highest concentrations of the compounds.

PMID- 4030924
TI  - Regional quantitative determination of brain glucose in tissue sections: a
      bioluminescent approach.
AB  - A bioluminescent technique is described for the regional quantitative
      determination of brain glucose. A close linear interrelationship was obtained
      between the optical density of the bioluminescent images and the glucose content
      in tissue samples. The regression coefficients of this correlation permit the
      quantification of glucose bioluminescent pictures using an image-processing
      system. Regional distribution of glucose was correlated to regional tissue pH
      under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

PMID- 4030925
TI  - Reversal of neurological deficits by levallorphan in patients with acute ischemic
      stroke.
AB  - This study was conducted to examine the effect of the intramuscular injection of
      levallorphan tartrate (1.0 mg), a mixed agonist-antagonist opiate, on the
      neurological signs, symptoms, and vital signs in 19 patients with acute ischemic
      stroke. A temporary improvement of hemiplegia or hemiparesis was observed within
      several minutes after levallorphan injection in 13 of the patients. There were no
      significant alterations in blood pressure or pulse rate after injection. The
      findings indicate that levallorphan may have a temporary improving effect on
      neurological deficits in acute ischemic stroke. In addition, observation of the
      response to levallorphan may serve to predict the prognosis of the final
      neurological outcome in this type of patient.

PMID- 4030926
TI  - Serotonin depression of local cerebral glucose utilisation after monoamine
      oxidase inhibition.
AB  - The major catabolic enzyme for serotonin, monoamine oxidase (MAO), is present in
      the endothelium of cerebral vessels. We report the effects of the intracarotid
      administration of serotonin on local cerebral glucose utilisation in rats
      following MAO inhibition with the drug clorgyline. It was found that saline,
      clorgyline, or serotonin alone produced no significant changes in glucose
      utilisation. Following the infusion of clorgyline, the administration of
      serotonin produced significant decreases in glucose utilisation in cortical areas
      of between 12 and 33% and in the caudate nucleus of 16%.

PMID- 4030927
TI  - Low-cost microcomputer-based densitometer.
AB  - We have constructed low-cost equipment for the measurement of the optical density
      of x-ray films. This equipment is based on a video system connected via an analog
      to digital converter to an Apple microcomputer. The optical density of an x-ray
      film can thus be accessed by commands in BASIC or machine-code programs. By using
      a calibrated step-wedge film, we have found a stable linear response for optical
      densities of up to 0.8.

PMID- 4030928
TI  - Advantages and limitations of isotachophoretic determinations of metabolites in
      tissue extracts.

PMID- 4030929
TI  - Isotachophoresis as a candidate reference method in analytical chemistry.
      Determination of sodium in serum.
AB  - Isotachophoresis seems a likely candidate for a reference method, as it is more
      accurate and precise than common routine methods. The response is highly linear
      and depends on a well defined transport number of the leading ion, stability of
      the driving current, mobility of the separand, which is well controlled by the
      leading electrolyte and the use of a high-resolution detector. The suitability of
      isotachophoresis as a reference method was investigated for the determination of
      sodium in human serum. The operational conditions were 0.01 M K+/citrate (leading
      electrolyte) at pH 5.5 and 0.01 M creatinine X HCl (terminating electrolyte).
      Both n-butylamine and ammediol could be used as internal standards. The
      calibration graph constructed from standard solutions, diluted by weight with the
      internal standard, yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.99994 (n = 50) in the
      working range. The method seems especially useful for the determination of any
      ionic solute in, e.g., clinical samples (lithium, calcium, creatinine or drugs).

PMID- 4030930
TI  - Isotachophoresis of allergenic extracts.
AB  - One aspect of the isotachophoretic determination of protein patterns in
      biological samples of interest is the characterization of allergens. This group
      of (glyco) proteins, causing allergic reactions, is used both for diagnosis and
      in the treatment of allergy. The aim of this investigation was to obtain a
      maximum amount of information, within one run, on the (glyco)protein composition
      of a number of allergenic extracts (e.g., from pollen or house dust mites).
      Commercially available extracts were dialysed prior to analysis to remove
      disturbing buffer constituents. A high-pH system was chosen in order to obtain a
      maximum amount of information from the samples (1-2 microliter). The leading
      electrolyte was 0.01 M C1-, buffered with Tris (pH 8.2), containing 0.2% w/v
      hydroxyethylcellulose, and the terminating electrolyte was beta-alanine, buffered
      to pH 10 with Ba(OH)2. The total analysis time was 15-20 min using a PTFE
      capillary (0.2 mm I.D.). The pre-separation current was 30 microA and the current
      during detection was 15 microA. UV absorption was measured at 280 nm. For optimal
      discrimination of the compounds of interest, an ampholyte mixture was used for
      spacing. The analytical procedure yielded highly reproducible UV patterns.
      Significant differences between various allergenic extracts were observed. It was
      concluded that isotachophoresis is a powerful method for the physico-chemical
      characterization of individual allergenic extracts, e.g., with respect to
      manufacturing and quality control.

PMID- 4030931
TI  - Determination of quinine in beverages, pharmaceutical preparations and urine by
      isotachophoresis.
AB  - The suitability of isotachophoresis for the determination of quinine in different
      samples was investigated. The operational conditions were 0.01 M potassium
      morpholinoethanesulphonic acid (MES) (pH 6.0) with 0.05% Mowiol as the leading
      electrolyte and ca. 0.005 M creatinine-MES as the terminating electrolyte. The
      analyses were carried out at 25 microA in a 0.2 mm I.D. PTFE capillary with UV
      and conductivity detection. Quinine-containing beverages were degassed by
      sonification and directly injected. The limit of detection was 5 mg/l with a 4
      microliter injection volume. The allowed concentrations could be determined with
      sufficient accuracy. Analgesic preparations were dissolved in a solution of 5 X
      10(-3) M MES with sonification. The quinine levels found agreed well with the
      declared values. The other constituents of the pharmaceuticals did not interfere
      with the analysis. Urine samples from volunteers were analysed after consumption
      of tonic. The samples were extracted with dichloromethane-isopropanol (95:5),
      vortexed, centrifuged, evaporated to dryness, the residue dissolved in 5 X 10(-3)
      M MES and analysed. At a concentration factor of 33, the limit of detection was
      ca. 60 micrograms in 48-h urine: 2-15% of the quinine consumed was excreted as
      the parent compound in the first 48 h after consumption. The combination of the
      extraction procedure and the operational system makes the method suitable for the
      determination of a number of other alkaloids in physiological samples.

PMID- 4030932
TI  - Analytical capillary isotachophoresis: a routine technique for the analysis of
      lipoproteins and lipoprotein subfractions in whole serum.
AB  - A capillary isotachophoretic separation technique was developed for lipoproteins
      in native serum which, compared with previous electrophoretic techniques, has
      negligible molecular sieve effects, does not need gel casting, is suitable for
      whole serum and has a high discriminative power for lipoprotein subfractions. The
      technique is based on pre-staining whole serum lipoproteins for 30 min at 4
      degrees C before separation of 0.5 microliter of the sample in a free-flow
      capillary system (0.5 mm I.D.) with discontinuous buffer system. In
      normolipidaemic sera, high-density (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) are
      separated into two major subpopulations according to their net electric mobility.
      The identification of these fractions was confirmed by substitution with
      ultracentrifugally isolated lipoproteins and by their complete absence from
      Tangier and abetalipoproteinaemic serum. Triglyceride-rich very low-density
      lipoproteins (VLDL) revealed a defined zone between the HDL and LDL
      subpopulations. Our preliminary results indicate that the separation of human
      whole serum lipoproteins by capillary isotachophoresis is a promising method for
      the determination of lipoprotein subfractions.

PMID- 4030933
TI  - Determination of heavy metals by isotachophoresis.
AB  - The suitability of isotachophoresis for the analysis of metals in, e.g.,
      environmental samples was studied. In a cationic operational system the heavy
      metals Fe, Cu, Ni, Cd, Co, Zn, Pb and Mn were simultaneously determined. The
      separation was achieved through complex formation with one of the counter ions,
      hydroxyisobutyric acid. The other counter ion was acetic acid, the leading ion
      was 0.02 M potassium or sodium (pH 4.1) and the terminator was H+. The analysis
      time was 15 min at 60 microA in a 0.2 mm I.D. capillary. Aqueous samples
      containing ppm and ppb amounts were enriched on a cation exchanger with an
      extremely low affinity for sodium (Chelex 100). Good recovery, linearity,
      precision and accuracy were obtained even down to the ppb range. Although the
      sensitivity of the method is not greater than that of some of the more
      established methods for the individual metals, a great advantage of
      isotachophoresis is the simultaneous determination of the metals, with equal
      response factors. An example is given of the determination of metals, including
      aluminium, in serum.

PMID- 4030934
TI  - Micropreparative isotachophoretic electrodesorption of monoclonal antibodies from
      an affinity adsorbent.
AB  - The principle of isotachophoretic desorption of proteins from an affinity sorbent
      was used for the preparative isolation of monoclonal antibodies against
      transferrin, under a cationic regimen. Electrodesorption was carried out on an
      apparatus of our own construction with a photometric detector and a detector of
      potential gradient. The apparatus was provided with a sorption element filled
      with an exchangeable affinity active sorbent. The construction of the apparatus
      and the procedure suitable for the isolation of the antibody of the IgG type are
      described. The possibility of repeating the sorption-desorption cycle at least
      sixteen times was demonstrated, with relatively good yields of the protein.

PMID- 4030935
TI  - Large sample volume preseparation for trace analysis in isotachophoresis.
AB  - An isotachophoretic device for the analysis of trace components in a sample with
      the efficient pre-separation and elimination of bulk components has been
      suggested and realized. A large volume of the sample in question is separated in
      a rectangular wide-bore channel packed with a suspension of a granulated
      polyacrylamide gel and analyzed in free electrolytes in a narrow-bore tube. Trace
      components, the concentrations of which are 10(-6) mol/l, can be analyzed in 60
      70 min applying ca. 1 ml of the sample even in the presence of bulk excess of a
      major component the concentration of which is by 5 orders of magnitude higher.

PMID- 4030936
TI  - Microbore packed-column anion-exchange liquid chromatography of nucleobases,
      nucleosides and nucleotides.
AB  - Low-capacity anion-exchange resin was packed into a 45 cm X 0.19 mm I.D. fused
      silica tubing and applied to micro-column liquid chromatography of nucleobases,
      nucleosides and isomers of nucleotides. The effects of the chromatographic
      conditions on the elution behaviour of these compounds were studied. The
      efficiency of the microbore packed column was comparable with that of the
      conventional size column.

PMID- 4030937
TI  - Analysis of antitumour [1,1-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane]platinum(II) complexes
      derived from spiroplatin by high-performance liquid chromatography with
      differential pulse amperometric detection.
AB  - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis was developed
      for aqua[1,1-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane]sulphatoplatinum(II) (spiroplatin) and
      its hydrolysis and oligomerization products. The platinum complexes were detected
      by differential pulse amperometry at a hanging mercury drop electrode, at -540 mV
      vs. Ag/AgCl. The limit of detection was 0.05 microM. Aqueous solutions of
      spiroplatin appeared to contain the diaqua, monoaquamonosulphato,
      monoaquamonochloro, dichloro and hydroxo-bridged dimer complexes of [1,1
      bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane]platinum(II) in mutual equilibrium. The equilibrium
      shifts after dilution in infusion fluids were studied. Detection of these
      platinum(II) complexes in untreated human plasma ultrafiltrate and urine
      demonstrated the selectivity of the described analysis.

PMID- 4030938
TI  - Fourth International Symposium on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of
      Proteins, Peptides and Polynucleotides. Baltimore, MD, December 10-12, 1984. Part
      I.

PMID- 4030939
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic investigations on some enzymes of papaya
      latex.
AB  - Papaya latex and commercial chymopapain have been examined by cation-exchange
      chromatography on a TSK SP 5PW column. Multiple components are observed and the
      resolution is superior to that obtained by low-pressure ion exchange. Most
      components display amidase activity. Fractions obtained from chymopapain by
      preliminary chromatography on SP-Sephadex have also been examined by the same
      procedure and by N-terminal and amino acid analysis. The results are consistent
      with the existence of chymopapain in multiple forms, the proportions of which
      alter. The chromatographic profile of chymopapain is influenced by the presence
      of cysteine in the sample.

PMID- 4030941
TI  - Purification of a uridine-specific acid nuclease from chicken liver by fast
      protein liquid chromatography.
AB  - A rapid purification procedure for a novel uridine-specific nuclease from chicken
      liver based on the Pharmacia fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) system is
      presented. The purification was achieved by applying crude extract to a Mono S
      cation-exchange column equilibrated with 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH
      6.0). The enzyme was eluted in 20 min with a potassium chloride gradient at a
      flow-rate of 2 ml/min. The enzyme was then chromatographed on a Superose 12 size
      exclusion column in less than 1 h at a flow-rate of 0.5 ml/min (Kav = 0.77). The
      enzyme was re-chromatographed on a second Mono S column to concentrate the
      protein. The uridine-specific nuclease hydrolyzed poly(U) and Escherichia coli 5S
      RNA. Poly(A) was hydrolyzed by the nuclease less efficiently (about 10% of the
      poly(U) activity). No hydrolysis was detected with poly(C), poly(G), poly(dT) or
      poly(dA) as substrate. The speed with which each purification step could be
      carried out facilitated the determination of optimal chromatographic conditions.
      We found that the resolution of the Mono S and Superose 12 columns was superior
      to that of conventional ion exchangers and size-exclusion columns respectively.

PMID- 4030940
TI  - Rapid, small-scale preparation of gastrointestinal hormones by high-performance
      liquid chromatography on a C18 column.
AB  - A rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was
      developed for the isolation of small quantities of biologically active
      gastrointestinal hormones, using a Varian MCH-10 C18 column. Biologically active
      secretin was isolated from contamination with other hormones, including
      cholecystokinin, gastrin, motilin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, from
      samples of the acid perfusate of canine duodenum and from the crude acetic acid
      extract of canine antral mucosa containing less than 100 picomoles of secretin.
      The method also appeared to be suitable for the isolation of cholecystokinin
      octapeptide and motilin.

PMID- 4030942
TI  - Analysis of nucleoproteins by direct injection of dissolved nuclei or chromosomes
      into a high-performance liquid chromatographic system.
AB  - This work describes the development of a method for fractionating the total
      nuclear proteins of Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) by high-performance liquid
      chromatography of whole nuclei or chromosomes. Nuclei or chromosomes were
      dissolved for 2 h in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride containing 0.2% trifluoroacetic
      acid (TFA). Residual particulates were removed by centrifugation, and a sample of
      the solution was passed through a Bio-Sil TSK guard column, followed by a Bio-Sil
      TSK 400 column, equilibrated with water containing 0.2% TFA. These columns
      fractionated the sample by adsorbing the DNA, passing the proteins near the
      exclusion limit, passing the guanidine at the inclusion limit, and passing an
      unidentified non-protein/non-DNA material after the inclusion limit. The protein
      peaks from the TSK columns were collected directly on a muBondapak CN reversed
      phase column. The protein fractions were then eluted from the CN column with an
      acetonitrile gradient containing 0.2% TFA. Three other reversed-phase columns
      were examined for use with the TSK columns. The muBondapak C18 Radial-Pak column
      produced the best resolution of histone variants, while the Zorbax C8 column
      produced a better resolution of the non-histone proteins. The Nova-Pak C18 Radial
      Pak column was found to be unsatisfactory for both classes of nucleoproteins.

PMID- 4030943
TI  - Preparation of sheep and cattle immunoglobulins with antibody activity by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - High-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPIEC) and high-performance size
      exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) were used to purify serum IgM and IgG from sheep
      and cattle. Pooled serum from normal cattle and sheep and serum from sheep,
      infected with two different viruses, were prepared for HPIEC by chromatography on
      CM-Affi-Gel Blue. After HPIEC, fractions containing IgG and IgM were pooled and
      concentrated and further purified by HPSEC. The purity of fractions from HPIEC
      and HPSEC were evaluated by immunoelectrophoresis, protein-A-Sepharose affinity
      chromatography, and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Monoclonal antibody specific for bovine IgG2 was used to assay for IgG2 and IgG2
      contamination of other fractions. The antibody activity to ovine adenovirus 5 and
      to ovine progressive pneumonia virus was assayed by neutralization and
      immunodiffusion. Antibody activity was retained against both viruses in the
      fractions containing IgG1 and IgM. This high-performance liquid chromatography
      procedure was a rapid preparative method to produce specific immunoglobulins and
      could be used to evaluate the purity of immuno-reagents.

PMID- 4030945
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of
      diastereomeric phosphorothioate analogues of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and other
      backbone-modified congeners of DNA.
AB  - Diastereomeric phosphorothioate analogues of oligodeoxyribonucleotides, which
      were synthesized by an automated, solid-phase, phosphoramidite-coupling method,
      were conveniently separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography on a muBondapak C18 column with a gradient of acetonitrile in
      triethylammonium acetate buffer. These synthetic and chromatographic methods were
      also used to obtain diastereomerically pure bis-phosphorothioate,
      alkanephosphonate, and O-alkyl phosphotriester analogues of DNA for exploratory
      studies of stereochemistry and phosphorolytic enzymes.

PMID- 4030944
TI  - Isolation of detergent-solubilized monomers of bacteriorhodopsin by size
      exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Bacteriorhodopsin, an integral membrane protein of purple membranes, was
      solubilized with n-octylglucoside and isolated as intact monomeric micelles by
      high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. It was shown that separation was
      obtained between these micelles and either those containing bacterio-opsin or
      retinal as well as bacterio-opsin in the aggregated state. Estimates of the
      apparent molecular weights and Stokes radii were obtained by comparison with
      water-soluble proteins with known properties. Thermal denaturation of the native
      protein micelle induced the formation of a denatured species, which was similar
      to that found from denaturation at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 4030946
TI  - Neonucleoproteins. Preparation and high-performance liquid chromatographic
      characterization of succinyl-lysozyme-diaminooctyl-polycytidylic acid and related
      polycytidylic acid conjugates.
AB  - Transamination conjugates of cytidine-3'-phosphate and polycytidylic acid (poly
      C) with diaminopropane, diaminohexane and diaminooctane (DAO) are formed both at
      25 degrees C and 60 degrees C. The extent of reaction and formation of side
      products, with intermittent hydrolysis to mononucleotides in the case of
      aminoalkyl-poly C, is monitored by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Both Dns-DAO-poly C and succinyl-lysozyme-DAO-poly C covalent
      conjugates are then prepared and similarly characterized, including separation on
      a size-exclusion diol high-performance liquid chromatography column. The
      retention of the latter on a wide-pore reversed-phase column seems to be
      controlled by the protein moiety.

PMID- 4030948
TI  - General method for the separation of cyanogen bromide digests of proteins by high
      performance liquid chromatography. Rabbit skeletal troponin I.
AB  - In this study, we have demonstrated the necessity for a combination of size
      exclusion, ion-exchange and reversed-phase high-performance liquid-chromatography
      to resolve completely a protein digest. Our approach minimizes the number of
      steps, and the column order provides the maximum information about the properties
      of the fragments. The order is: (1) size-exclusion (Bio-Rad TSK-250 column), (2)
      strong cation-exchange (Synchropak S300 column), and finally (3) reversed-phase
      chromatography (Ultrapore C3). It was desirable for the first step of the
      procedure to be size-exclusion chromatography to produce the least number of
      fractions. The volatile eluent used in size-exclusion eliminated the need for
      subsequent sample desalting. Volatile buffers were not necessary for the ion
      exchange chromatography, since the fractions were both desalted and purified in
      the final reversed-phase step. All column effluents were compatible with
      absorbance measurements at 210 nm to provide maximum sensitivity for peptide
      detection. The results obtained in this study strongly suggest that the combined
      use of three methods of separation, which utilize different selectivities (size,
      charge, hydrophobicity), can provide excellent resolving power for peptide
      separations. We believe this fast, efficient procedure should be generally
      applicable to other protein digests.

PMID- 4030947
TI  - Use of reversed-phase and ion-exchange batch extraction in the purification of
      bovine pituitary peptides.
AB  - Bovine posterior pituitaries were extracted with an acidic medium designed to
      maximize solubilization of peptides while precipitating high-molecular-weight
      protein. The supernatant was then extracted with C18 reversed-phase cartridges to
      generate a peptide-enriched fraction. Cartridge eluates were subjected to ion
      exchange extraction, using a batch procedure which fractionated the peptides into
      basic, acidic, and neutral pools. Amino-terminal fragments of bovine pro
      opiomelanocortin were found to be resolved into separate pools by this method.
      The 1 to 49 fragment was eluted in the acidic pool while the 1 to 77 fragment was
      eluted in the basic pool. The 1 to 77 fragment was purified by reversed-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid analysis of the fragments,
      generated from trypsin and V8 protease digestion of the 1 to 77 fragment,
      permitted assignment of cystine bridges between residues 2 and 24 and between
      residues 8 and 20. Results from amino sugar analysis were consistent with the
      presence of an O-linked oligosaccharide at threonine45 and an N-linked
      oligosaccharide at asparagine65.

PMID- 4030949
TI  - Automated tandem high-performance liquid chromatographic system for separation of
      extremely complex peptide mixtures.
AB  - We have developed an automated tandem chromatography system, which consists of a
      combination of ion-exchange column chromatography and reversed-phase column
      chromatography. The system is composed of two independent high-performance liquid
      chromatography assemblies, in each of which programmed elution is carried out by
      a computer-assisted controller. A peptide mixture is applied to an ion-exchange
      column and is eluted in a stepwise manner. The eluent from the first column is
      introduced directly into the second, reversed-phase column, which is connected in
      tandem through a tee tube. After application of two column volumes of the eluent,
      reversed-phase chromatography is performed by linear gradient elution. Stepwise
      elution for ion-exchange chromatography and the gradient elution for reversed
      phase chromatography are synchronized by a computer program. The resolving power
      and the reproducibility of the method were tested by using a tryptic digest of
      human ceruloplasmin [molecular weight 132 000 daltons (132 kDa)]. By this method,
      the digest was resolved reproducibly into several hundred peaks within 16 h. All
      of the four glycopeptides expected to be obtained by tryptic digestion were
      purified easily from the whole digest of the protein. Comparison of the peptide
      maps between a single-chain and a degraded form of ceruloplasmin facilitated the
      identification of two tryptic peptides, derived from the carboxyl-terminal
      regions of 67 kDa and 50 kDa fragments of the degraded form, which lack the
      carboxyl-terminal arginine and lysine residues, respectively. The method may be
      applicable to comparative peptide mapping of very large proteins exhibiting
      molecular microheterogeneity, such as carbohydrate or genetic variants; it also
      can be used complementarily for sequence support of DNA sequencing as well as for
      preparative purification of peptides as a strategy of protein sequencing of very
      large proteins.

PMID- 4030951
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of tRNAs on novel stationary phases.
AB  - Rapid separation of a group of tRNAs was carried out on novel siliceous bonded
      stationary phases with aqueous eluents by using gradient elution with increasing
      or decreasing salt gradient, as usual in electrostatic interaction chromatography
      or hydrophobic interaction chromatography, respectively. The stationary phases
      consist of microparticulate macroporous silica with surface-bound polar moieties,
      containing weak cationic and/or hydrophobic binding sites. Depending on the
      nature of the binding sites, the stationary phases exhibit different retention
      behavior and selectivity for tRNAs. Aqueous phosphate solutions were used as the
      eluent, and in many cases isocratic elution was sufficient to separate seven
      tRNAs. Addition of magnesium ions or n-decylbetaine to the eluent resulted in
      lower retention, the latter causing a greater increase in the eluent strength.
      The optimum pH range of the eluent was 5.5-6.5.

PMID- 4030950
TI  - High-performance hydrophobic-interaction chromatography on ether-bonded phases.
      Chromatographic characteristics and gradient optimization.
AB  - This paper is a continuation of the evaluation of hydrophilic ether columns for
      the separation of proteins by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. In this
      approach, linear salt gradients of decreasing concentration of ammonium sulfate
      yield sharp chromatographic peaks with high mass recovery and maintenance of
      biological activity. Mild adsorption conditions are indicated by the minimal
      changes in chromatographic peak area of native proteins as a function of contact
      time by the biopolymer with the stationary phase. Further evidence of minimal
      kinetic processes under the chromatographic conditions are seen in the constancy
      of isocratic retention with mobile phase flow-rate and sample load up to 2 mg.
      Based on the well-behaved chromatographic characteristics, we have explored
      gradient optimization in terms of the Snyder model for gradient elution. It is
      shown that changes in retention, peak capacity and peak height follow predicted
      gradient time dependencies. Moreover, the influence of particle diameter and
      column length are found to be in agreement with expected behavior, based on the
      model. As a consequence of the agreement, prediction of conditions for optimum
      separation for a particular problem are possible. Other studies examine the
      influence of specific ion effects, e.g., Mg2+ binding to protein, which can
      override retention based on predicted surface tension behavior. Some
      characteristics of the ether column for hydrophobic-interaction chromatography
      are shown, e.g., column stability at pH 8 and sample capacity.

PMID- 4030952
TI  - Fourth International Symposium on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of
      Proteins, Peptides and Polynucleotides. Part II. Baltimore, MD, December 10-12,
      1984.

PMID- 4030953
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and
      quantitation of phenylthiohydantoin derivatives of 25 amino acids, including
      those of cysteic acid, 4-hydroxyproline, methionine sulfone, S
      carboxymethylcysteine and S-methylcysteine.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatography system is presented which allows
      separation and quantitation (in the range 4-1000 pmol) of all common
      phenylthiohydantoin amino acids, including derivatives of 4-hydroxyproline,
      methionine sulfone and three differently modified forms of cysteine. By showing
      the actual solvent gradient during elution (as opposed to the programmed
      gradient) and by supplying information on the effects of minor changes in solvent
      pH, column temperature, flow-rate, and concentration of 2-propanol in the
      gradient, we make guidelines available for fine-tuning the separation with new
      Ultrasphere-ODS (C18) columns.

PMID- 4030954
TI  - Separation of peptides by strong cation-exchange high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The effects of pH and gradient conditions on the separation of a series of ten
      peptides (9-36 residues) and carboxamidomethylated troponin I (CM-TnI, 178
      residues) on a new commercially available strong cation-exchange silica based 300
      A column (Synchropak S300) were examined. The elution times of the peptides were
      linear with respect to their net charge at pH 3.0 and pH 6.5. The basic protein
      CM-TnI (pI approximately 9.5) and peptides with net charges from +2 to +10 were
      separated with linear AB salt gradients varying from 5 mM to 10 mM B per min (A =
      5 mM KH2PO4 buffer, pH 6.5 or 3.0; B = 5 mM KH2PO4 buffer, pH 6.5 or 3.0,
      containing 1 M KCl). All peptides and CM-TnI were eluted with KCl concentrations
      below ca. 0.6 M. The advantage of performing cation-exchange chromatography over
      anion-exchange chromatography was demonstrated for the separation of peptides
      which, while acidic or weakly basic at neutral pH, through protonation of the
      acidic functions results in positively charged peptides at pH 3.0.

PMID- 4030955
TI  - Quantitative affinity high-performance liquid chromatography of neuroendocrine
      polypeptides using porous and non-porous glass derivatives.
AB  - Analytical affinity HPLC was developed to isolate and characterize neuroendocrine
      peptide/protein components. Bovine neurophysin II (NP-II) was covalently
      immobilized on succinamidopropyl derivatives of both controlled-pore glass (CPG)
      and non-porous glass (NPG). These derivatives were packed into 25 X 0.46 cm I.D.
      stainless-steel columns and incorporated into a high-performance liquid
      chromatograph. Interaction of [3H]Arg8-vasopressin ([3H]AVP) with NP-II was
      examined by chromatography of AVP on both CPG and NPG affinity matrices. Zonal
      elution profiles of [3H]AVP on NPG matrix showed, as predicted theoretically, a
      linear dependence of retardation on the concentration of hormone injected. The
      data permit calculation of the equilibrium dissociation constant for the NP
      II/AVP interaction. Elution characteristics also were measured by frontal
      analysis of large-zone chromatography experiments, the results of which were in
      good agreement with the zonal elution analysis. Affinity resulting from
      dimerization also was studied by chromatography of [125I]NP-II on the NPG matrix.
      In this case, concentration dependence of retardation was non-linear, again as
      predicted theoretically. Off-rate kinetic constants for dissociation of the
      mobile interactant from the stationary phase also were obtained. The studies
      illustrate the utility of analytical affinity HPLC on non-porous beads for
      measuring relative affinities for various soluble ligands with small amounts of
      material. Chromatography on the CPG column proved useful for purification of
      microscale amounts of [3H]AVP.

PMID- 4030956
TI  - Protein A-coated glass beads. Universal support medium for high-performance
      immunoaffinity chromatography.
AB  - High-performance immunoaffinity chromatography (HPIC) is a technique for the fast
      isolation and quantitation of both antibodies and antigens. Protein A-coated
      glass beads provide a stable general immobilization support for most
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. In conjunction with the modern expanding
      repertoire of monoclonal antibodies, HPIC can be applied to the quantitation and
      isolation of any biological material, in an active form.

PMID- 4030957
TI  - Isolation of unliganded steroid receptor proteins by high-performance size
      exclusion chromatography. An investigation of steroid-dependent structural
      alterations.
AB  - The physicochemical properties of unliganded steroid receptor proteins remain
      largely unknown primarily due to receptor lability in the absence of specific
      ligand, especially during prolonged biochemical analyses. We have utilized high
      performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) as a rapid means of
      investigating the structural properties of cytosolic estrogen receptor proteins
      in both the presence and absence of [3H]estradiol-17 beta. Cytosols prepared from
      immature calf uteri were analyzed by HPSEC on an Altex TSK-3000 SW column (600 mm
      X 7.5 mm I.D.) either before or after incubation with 10 nM [3H]estradiol-17
      beta. Postcolumn detection of previously unliganded receptor was accomplished by
      incubation of fractions (0.38 ml) with 10 nM [3H]estradiol-17 beta for 2-18 h at
      0 degrees C. Receptor-bound steroid was separated from free steroid by incubation
      with small pellets of hydroxylapatite. Nonspecific binding of [3H]estradiol-17
      beta in parallel fractions was estimated using an unlabelled competitor
      (diethylstilbestrol) specific for the estrogen receptor. In low ionic strengths
      the receptor exists as a single, relatively stable, large form (retention time 34
      min). The elution properties of this receptor configuration do not depend on
      bound steroid ligand. Analysis of receptor at elevated ionic strengths in the
      presence and absence of steroid ligand suggests that the salt-induced
      dissociation of receptor components to smaller forms (retention time 47 min) may
      be partially steroid-dependent. Characterization of receptor in 6 M urea
      demonstrates the presence of intermediate-sized receptor components (retention
      time 36-38 min). Analyses of receptor in 6 M urea-0.4 M potassium chloride
      suggests an inhibition of the more extensive salt-induced dissociation event seen
      in 0.4 M potassium chloride alone. Furthermore, the intermediate-sized receptor
      forms seen under these conditions (retention time 41-42 min) are generated in a
      steroid-dependent manner. The preparation of different molecular forms of
      biologically active, unliganded estrogen receptor by HPSEC should help further
      our investigations into the molecular mechanism(s) by which steroid hormones
      exert their receptor-mediated effects on target cells.

PMID- 4030958
TI  - High-performance hydrophobic-interaction chromatography of steroid hormone
      receptors.
AB  - The use of high-performance hydrophobic-interaction chromatography (HPHIC) on
      SynChropak 500 propyl columns has been evaluated for the first time in the
      analysis of estrogen receptors labeled with [125I]iodoestradiol-17 beta. These
      receptors were extracted from reproductive tissues with 500 mM phosphate buffer
      and applied to the stationary phase. Utilizing an inverse phosphate gradient (500
      to 10 mM), elution resulted in rapidly excluded components in the void volume
      followed by a second radioactive peak at 400 mM phosphate. Both peaks appeared to
      contain specific estrogen-binding components in that steroid association was
      inhibited by diethylstilbestrol and free ligand was eluted with a different
      retention time. A great deal of [125I]iodoestradiol-17 beta was retained by the
      column. Inclusion of acetonitrile (20%) in the mobile phase resulted in the
      elution of [125I]iodoestradiol-receptor complexes at a different position from
      free ligand. Distribution of specific estrogen-binding components appeared to be
      tumor-dependent. These preliminary results indicate that HPHIC may be useful for
      isolating various isoforms of steroid hormone receptors so that detailed
      information regarding their intrinsic properties may be ascertained.

PMID- 4030959
TI  - Improved method for the determination of N-acetylcysteine in human plasma by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - An improved method for the determination of N-acetylcysteine by paired-ion
      reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed.
      Following incubation with dithiothreitol to release bound N-acetylcysteine, free
      N-acetylcysteine and the internal standard N-acetylpenicillamine were derivatised
      with 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. The samples were then deproteinised by
      ultrafiltration. The dinitrophenyl derivatives were extracted from acidified
      ultrafiltrate into diethyl ether and purified by using a back-extraction step.
      They were then separated from naturally occurring plasma components and reagent
      impurities by high-performance liquid chromatography, utilising an Ultrasphere
      ODS (5 microns) reversed-phase column and detection at 360 nm.

PMID- 4030960
TI  - Methods for chromatofocusing of cerebrospinal fluid and serum immunoglobulin G.
AB  - Chromatofocusing programs were designed for separations of submilligram amounts
      of normal and abnormal human IgG. The Pharmacia FPLC system, equipped with a Mono
      P column or a specially designed, small column was used for the separations.
      Normal IgG in paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples, paired samples from
      patients with intrathecal immunoglobulin G synthesis, as well as sera with IgG M
      components were examined. Abnormal immunoglobulin G components, especially those
      with pI values greater than ca. 7.0 pH units, were easily identified.

PMID- 4030961
TI  - Application of a new ion exchanger TSK-GEL DEAE-5PW, to the purification of Cu,Zn
      superoxide dismutase of bovine erythrocytes.
AB  - We have developed an effective method for the purification of Cu,Zn-super-oxide
      dismutase [E.C. 1.15.1.1] from bovine erythrocytes. This enzyme functions as a
      scavenger of superoxide radical, and it seems to be a key enzyme in the
      metabolism of active oxygen species. Application of this enzyme as a drug has
      been considered, and for this purpose a highly purified preparation is necessary.
      The first purification of this enzyme was reported by McCord and Fridovich [J.
      Biol. Chem., 244 (1969) 6049]. The limiting step in their method is the removal
      of the small amount of contaminating protein from the acetone-precipitated crude
      preparation (3000 units/mg protein). We found that a new, high-performance ion
      exchanger, TSK-GEL DEAE-5PW, improves this step and makes possible the large
      scale preparation of pure protein. Optimal conditions for a TSK-GEL DEAE-5PW
      preparative column (150 X 21.5 mm I.D.) were established. The acetone
      precipitated crude enzyme was dissolved in 20 mM Tris-HC1 buffer (pH 7.5),
      protein concentration 11.0 mg/ml, applied to the column, and eluted with a linear
      gradient of sodium chloride from 0 to 0.3 M. The flow-rate and sample volume were
      set to 4.0 ml/min and 8.0 ml, respectively. Under these conditions, the
      fractionated Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase showed a single band on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ion exchange high-performance
      liquid chromatography, and a specific activity of 3800 units/mg protein. The
      recovery of activity was 75%, and the cycle time was 120 min. A yield of 80-85 mg
      of purified enzyme was obtained per cycle. The preparation thus isolated has the
      highest purity and activity so far reported. We conclude that TSK-GEL DEAE-5PW is
      the practical choice for large-scale purification of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase.

PMID- 4030962
TI  - Determination of the dissociation constant of oligomeric proteins by size
      exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography: application to human
      haemoglobin.
AB  - The measurement of protein retention volumes on a size-exclusion chromatographic
      column offers the possibility of determining dissociation constants for
      oligomeric proteins, as changes in the retention volume, depending on the
      concentration of the protein, are due to a dissociation equilibrium. The
      retention volume may be calibrated in terms of dissociation constant by using
      either extreme concentration conditions or chemical modifications that shift the
      equilibrium towards a single species. When zonal chromatography is used, the
      dilution during elution modifies the equilibrium state. In contrast, the
      saturation method permits the concentrations of the different species to be kept
      constant. These two methods were compared and the elution factor that must be
      used in zonal chromatography on high-performance size-exclusion columns
      (LiChrospher Diol) was obtained. The tetramer-dimer dissociation constants of
      normal and modified haemoglobins were measured by this method, and the results
      are in accordance with flash photolysis measurements.

PMID- 4030963
TI  - Comparison of reversed-phase and cation-exchange high-performance liquid
      chromatography for separating closely related peptides: separation of Asp76-human
      parathyroid hormone (1-84) from Asn76-human parathyroid hormone (1-84).
AB  - Cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (CE-HPLC) was compared
      with ordinary reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for
      separating closely related peptides. Some synthetic samples of bradykinin and
      angiotensins, which were homogeneous according to RP-HPLC, were found to be
      inhomogeneous when analyzed by CE-HPLC. On the other hand, diastereomeric
      peptides could be separated much more efficiently by RP-HPLC than by CE-HPLC.
      These results indicated that the purity of synthetic peptides should be checked
      not only by RP-HPLC but also by ion-exchange HPLC. In the case of human
      parathyroid hormone (hPTH), baseline separation of Asp76-hPTH from Asn76-hPTH by
      RP-HPLC was not possible, but was by CE-HPLC. Using this method we confirmed that
      the Asn residue in hPTH at position 76 could not be converted into the Asp
      residue under the conditions used to isolate and purify it from human organs.

PMID- 4030964
TI  - Interaction between fluorescence-labeled fibronectin fragments studied by gel
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Fibronectin is a large, adhesive glycoprotein which self-associates on many cell
      surfaces. We have begun to study this reaction by determining the domains of
      fibronectin which interact with each other. To avoid possible solid-phase
      artifacts of affinity chromatography, we have devised a solution-phase assay in
      which the smallest fibronectin fragment is labeled with fluorescamine, mixed with
      unlabeled fibronectin, and complexation is observed by the appearance of a new
      higher-molecular-weight peak on gel high-performance liquid chromatography
      columns. The assay allowed use of excess unlabeled reactant, high-sensitivity,
      low background without removal of reagent, and fast analysis. Our results show
      that the amino- and carboxyl-terminal fibronectin fragments bind the native
      molecule in solution.

PMID- 4030965
TI  - Characterization of the subunit structure of dopamine beta-hydroxylase by anion
      exchange high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4030966
TI  - Analysis of different forms of recombinant human leukocyte interferons and
      synthetic fragments by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions are reported
      for the evaluation of recombinant human interferon monomers: recombinant human
      leukocyte interferon A (rIFN-alpha A), rIFN-alpha D, and the hybrid rIFN-alpha A1
      62/D64-166. The two monomeric forms of rIFN-alpha A (slow-migrating monomer and
      fast-migrating monomer) were also resolved by HPLC. Conditions are reported for
      the HPLC separation of oligomers (dimers and trimers) of rIFN-alpha A. The
      synthesis and analytical HPLC of the carboxy-terminus fragment, corresponding to
      IFN-alpha D (140-166), and a series of analogues comprising the IFN-alpha A (105
      125) region is reported. The syntheses were accomplished by the solid-phase
      peptide synthesis procedure and the products were purified by preparative HPLC.

PMID- 4030967
TI  - Rapid, high-resolution procedure for assessment of estrogen receptor
      heterogeneity in clinical samples.
AB  - Approximately two-third of the women with breast cancer may benefit from hormone
      therapies if the lesion contains estrogen receptor in reasonable levels (greater
      than 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein). Our lab and others have suggested that not only
      the concentration, but the various molecular form(s) of the receptor may be an
      important factor in predicting patient responsiveness. Until now, this
      heterogeneity has been determined by analysis on sucrose density gradients
      requiring 16 h of centrifugation. Other methodologies which can disclose the
      profile of receptor isoforms are compromised by irreproducibility, poor recovery,
      or the length of time required to perform the analysis. We believe that high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the anion-exchange and
      chromatofocusing modes may be able to supply more insight into receptor structure
      than currently available by any other method. Utilizing the high activity ligand
      [16 alpha-125I]iodoestradiol-17 beta (2200 Ci/mmol) and flow-through equipment to
      monitor conductivity, pH, and radioactivity, we are able to describe the
      distribution of ionic isoforms in crude cytosolic preparations of breast cancer
      and uterus. This "on-line" technology is rapid (chromatogram is complete within
      120 min), sensitive (receptor isoforms equivalent to 1 fmol are apparent),
      efficient (columns typically return greater than 90% of applied radio-labeled
      receptor) and reproducible (due to the sophistication of modern HPLC equipment).
      It is clear these techniques may be used in the clinical setting to better
      describe the profile of estrogen receptor isoforms and should be explored as a
      method of correlating receptor structure with hormone function in responsive
      tissues.

PMID- 4030969
TI  - Analysis of anthralin in dermatological products by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination
      of anthralin in topical products. The factors affecting the degradation of
      anthralin solid and solutions are discussed. Ultraviolet spectra of degradation
      products are presented. The assay method has been thoroughly optimized and is
      shown to be specific, precise, and accurate.

PMID- 4030968
TI  - [Affinity electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Influence of the concentration
      in the gel on the apparent affinity of cholinesterase for an anionic ligand
      site].
AB  - Affinity electrophoresis of three purified molecular forms of human plasma
      cholinesterase (monomer C1, dimer C3, tetramer C4) was carried out in
      polyacrylamide gels at various total acrylamide concentrations ranging from 3.48
      to 9% in a discontinuous buffer system. A water-soluble linear copolymer
      supporting procainamide, a ligand of the anionic site of cholinesterase, was
      physically entrapped at various concentrations within the gel network. The
      combined effects of gel concentration and ligand concentration on the affinity
      pattern of the three molecular forms were studied. It was found that gel
      concentration influences the apparent binding activity of their anionic site: The
      apparent strength of interaction varied with the gel concentration: the denser
      the gel was, the higher the apparent affinity. The ligand-induced isomerization
      process was also depending on the gel concentration: the ligand concentration
      from which each zone is splitting into two moving zones decreased as the total
      gel concentration increased. These results show that the electrophoretic matrix
      plays an important role in the affinity process in affinity electrophoresis
      presumably by controlling kinetic effects: kinetics of protein-ligand complex
      formation and dissociation reactions, and mass transfer kinetics.

PMID- 4030970
TI  - Separation of basic, hydrophilic peptides by reversed-phase ion-pair
      chromatography. IV. Preparative applications related to purification of two
      substrates of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 4030971
TI  - Heterogeneity of alkaline phosphatase observed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 4030972
TI  - Rapid extraction and purification of diethylstilboestrol in bovine urine
      hydrolysates using reversed-phase C18 columns before determination by
      radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 4030974
TI  - Aqueous size-exclusion analysis of Parietaria pollen extracts.

PMID- 4030973
TI  - Stabilization of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid and subsequent analysis by reversed
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4030975
TI  - Determination of sterol and triterpene alcohol acetates in natural products by
      reversed-phase liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - A partial separation of nine sterol acetates and seven triterpene alcohol
      acetates by reversed-phase liquid chromatography is described. Good results are
      obtained using acetonitrile-water (90:10, v/v) as mobile phase with an UV
      detector at 205 nm. The variation in sterol sensitivity shows that this technique
      is not suitable for quantitative analyses. A combination of this technique for
      the fractionation of the natural sterol mixture, gas-liquid chromatography for
      quantitation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for identification is
      necessary for the determination of sterol compounds contained in natural
      products. An example of the separation, identification and quantitation of sterol
      acetates from sunflower seed oil is given.

PMID- 4030976
TI  - Quantitative analysis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in soy bean oils by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determining phylloquinone
      (vitamin K1) in soy bean oils is described. Resolution of vitamin K1 from
      interfering peaks of the matrix was obtained after enzymatic digestion,
      extraction and liquid-solid chromatography on alumina. An isocratic reversed
      phase chromatography with UV detection was used in the final stage. The
      quantitation was carried out by the standard addition method, and the recovery of
      the whole procedure was 88.2%.

PMID- 4030977
TI  - 1-DOPA decarboxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase isolated from sympathetic
      splenic nerves estimated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis with and without mercaptoethanol.

PMID- 4030978
TI  - Quantitative determination of betamethasone and its major metabolite in equine
      urine by micro-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Micro-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (micro-LC-MS) was utilized to
      quantitatively determine betamethasone and its major unconjugated metabolite, 6
      beta-hydroxybetamethasone, in equine plasma and urine. The advantage of micro-LC
      MS over conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in corticosteroid
      determination is illustrated and the reliable, steadfast nature of micro-LC-MS is
      demonstrated through example.

PMID- 4030979
TI  - Determination of oestriol in pregnancy urine by normal-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A method for the determination of oestriol in pregnancy urine by normal-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is
      described. A large-volume wall-jet cell with an Ag-Ag+ reference electrode was
      used as the detector system. The limit of detection obtained is comparable to
      that of electrochemical detection following reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
      One of the advantages of electrochemical detection with normal-phase systems is
      that adsorption problems are minimized.

PMID- 4030980
TI  - Determination of the serum concentration of spironolactone and its metabolites by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic assay is described for
      the simultaneous determination in serum of the aldosterone antagonist
      spironolactone and its metabolites 7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone, 6 beta-hydroxy
      7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone and canrenone. Ultraviolet absorption at 240 nm
      was used to detect the different compounds after elution on a normal-phase
      column. Endogenous serum substances did not interfere with the assay. This method
      provides a convenient tool in pharmacokinetic studies of spironolactone, in
      contrast to previously reported aspecific fluorimetric assays or time-consuming
      thin-layer chromatographic analyses of radioactive biological material.

PMID- 4030981
TI  - Derivatization in aqueous solution, isolation and separation of tetrahydro-beta
      carbolines and their precursors by liquid chromatography.
AB  - Derivatization of indole ethylamines and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines in
      aqueous solution with methyl chloroformate has been used to facilitate the
      isolation of these compounds. The initial derivatization eliminated the potential
      for the artifactual formation of these compounds via the condensation of the
      indole ethylamine with an aldehyde or alpha-keto acid during the work-up
      procedure. The derivatized compounds possessed improved chromatographic
      properties which allowed for their facile separation by reversed-phase liquid
      chromatography and their fluorescent detection at the nanogram level.

PMID- 4030982
TI  - Determination of diclofensine, an antidepressant agent, and its major metabolites
      in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric
      detection.
AB  - A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was
      developed for the determination of diclofensine (I) and its key metabolites in
      human plasma. The assay involves deproteinization of plasma, overnight Glusulase
      incubation to hydrolyze the major metabolite (I-B-glucuronide), extraction of the
      parent compound and its deconjugated metabolites (I-A, I-B and I-C) from the
      alkalinized aqueous phase into diethyl ether-ethanol (95:5), the residue of which
      (containing compounds I, I-A, I-B and I-C) is alkylated with 2-iodopropane
      dissolved in acetone, using solid potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. The
      compounds are extracted from the reaction mixture into diethyl ether, after
      adding ethanol-water-acetic acid (55:40:5), the residue of which is dissolved in
      0.05 M sulfuric acid, and reacted with mercuric acetate at 100 degrees C, which
      oxidizes tertiary tetrahydroisoquinolines to their 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline
      derivatives, followed by a photochemical reaction in the same solution to form
      intensely fluorescent isoquinolinium derivatives. An aliquot of this reaction
      mixture is injected onto a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
      column (5-microns Nova-Pac C13 phase in a radial compression cartridge, 10 cm X 8
      mm), using the mobile phase 0.25 M triethylammonium phosphate (pH 2.5)-0.25 M
      acetic acid-methanol-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran (150:350:125:375:25). The void
      volume (Vo) is approximately 1.4 min and the retention times (tR) of the
      respective isoquinolium derivatives of diclofensine (I) are ca. 3.5 min, internal
      standard (II) ca. 4.2 min, nordiclofensine (I-A) ca. 5 min, while the phenolic
      metabolites I-B and I-C give peaks at 6.4 min and 10.4 min, respectively. The
      derivatives are detected by fluorescence. The method was used to determine plasma
      concentrations of the parent drug (I) and its major phenolic metabolite I-B
      (aglycone) in plasma in two normal volunteers following a single oral 45-mg dose
      and following seven consecutive days of oral dosing of 45 mg three times a day as
      part of a multiple ascending dose tolerance study.

PMID- 4030983
TI  - Selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the
      metabolites of nomifensine in human plasma.
AB  - A selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination
      of the three metabolites of nomifensine in human plasma is described. All
      metabolites and the internal standard, mexiletine, are extracted with diethyl
      ether and then back-extracted into an acidic aqueous phase. After subsequent
      extraction into diethyl ether the metabolites are analysed by high-performance
      liquid chromatography. A reversed-phase C18 column is used with a mobile phase of
      dioxane-methanol-potassium phosphate buffer (pH 2.25). The sensitivity of the
      method is 0.007 micromol/l for all metabolites. Extraction efficiencies are
      84.6%, 75.8%, and 78.2% for 4'-hydroxynomifensine, 4'-hydroxy-3'
      methoxynomifensine and 3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxynomifensine, respectively. The
      reproducibility of the method is good, the coefficients of variation (%) varying
      between 2.1% and 9.9% in the concentration range 0.05-1.00 micromol/l. The
      procedure was applied to human plasma samples from a volunteer who had received a
      single oral dose of nomifensine. The method is accurate and sensitive for
      pharmacokinetic studies on the metabolites of nomifensine.

PMID- 4030984
TI  - Determination of nifedipine in human plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A rapid, accurate and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was
      developed for the determination of nifedipine in human plasma. A toluene extract
      of an alkalinized plasma sample was chromatographed on a reversed-phase column
      with electrochemical detection at +0.95 V. The recovery of nifedipine from plasma
      was about 100%. The detection limit for nifedipine in plasma was 2 ng/ml using
      0.5 ml of sample. The assay gave a linear response over the concentration range 5
      400 ng/ml in plasma. The coefficients of variation from 9.6 to 191.0 ng/ml varied
      between 5.2 to 1.0% and the accuracy did not exceed 3.0%. Photodegradation
      products and metabolites of nifedipine did not interfere in the analysis. This
      method allowed the behaviour of nifedipine in humans to be studied.

PMID- 4030985
TI  - Isolation and analysis of N-oxide metabolites of tertiary amines: quantitation of
      nicotine-1'-N-oxide formation in mice.
AB  - To investigate the formation and elimination of nicotine-1'-N-oxide (NNO) in mice
      treated with a single injection of nicotine, sensitive and selective methods were
      developed to quantitate this polar and heat-labile metabolite. The compound was
      isolated from tissue homogenates as a dodecyl sulfate ion pair with C18
      extraction cartridges and analyzed on an amino bonded-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatographic column with a mobile phase consisting of isopropanol
      water. Overall recoveries of NNO were 64-76% from biological media. Several
      methods of detection were evaluated; radiolabeling was necessary to achieve the
      sensitivity required for pharmacokinetic studies in mice. The cis and trans
      isomers of NNO were separated on a Partisil PAC column and enzymatic selectivity
      was evaluated for the formation of these isomers in mice.

PMID- 4030987
TI  - Liquid chromatographic analysis of clonazepam in human serum with solid-phase
      (Bond-Elut) extraction.
AB  - A simple, sensitive, selective and precise liquid-column chromatographic assay
      for clonazepam is described, in which 1 ml of serum containing 50 micrograms/l
      methylclonazepam as an internal standard is extracted by elution from a Bond-Elut
      column with 400 microliter of methanol. An aliquot of the eluate is injected on
      to a reversed-phase column and eluted with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-
      phosphate buffer (30:70) at a flow-rate of 2 ml/min at a column temperature of 50
      degrees C. Detection is at 254 nm. Chromatography is complete in 12 min. A
      sensitivity of 2 ng/ml is attained when 1 ml of serum is extracted. Analytical
      recovery of the clonazepam added to serum ranged from 91% to 99% with a
      coefficient of variation of 6.0%. This assay for clonazepam has good precision,
      with coefficients of variation of 11% at 15 ng/ml and 2.6% at 50 ng/ml. There was
      no interference from any of the commonly used antiepileptics.

PMID- 4030986
TI  - Sensitive liquid chromatographic method for physostigmine in biological fluids
      using dual-electrode electrochemical detection.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic method using dual-electrode detection has been developed
      for determination of physostigmine in biological fluids. The limit of detection
      is in the order of 25-50 pg mol-1 of plasma. A high sample throughput is obtained
      by a single solvent extraction step and autoinjection into the chromatograph.
      Data following oral doses of physostigmine are presented.

PMID- 4030988
TI  - [Determination of sulpiride and sultopride by high-performance liquid
      chromatography for pharmacokinetic studies].
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detection (226 nm) for
      the analysis of sulpiride and sultopride in body fluids has been developed.
      Plasma, red blood cell (RBC) and urine samples were extracted by chloroform at pH
      10. Internal standards were a new substituted benzamide (N-[(ethyl-1-pyrrolidinyl
      2)methyl] methoxy-2-ethylsulphonyl-5-benzamide, DAN) for the sulpiride assay and
      sulpiride for the sultopride assay. The detection limit in plasma and RBC was 10
      ng/ml for sulpiride and 15 ng/ml for sultopride. The proposed techniques were
      selective, reliable and sensitive enough to be used for pharmacokinetic studies
      and drug monitoring. Some plasma and RBC data from pharmacokinetic studies in
      healthy volunteers (sulpiride) or patients (sultopride) are presented. Half-lives
      determined from either plasma or RBC concentrations were similar (7 h for
      sulpiride and 5 h for sultopride).

PMID- 4030990
TI  - Determination of serotonin in plasma by liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection.

PMID- 4030989
TI  - Method for the determination of 4'-deoxydoxorubicin, 4'-deoxydoxorubicinol and
      their 7-deoxyaglycones in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - 4'-Deoxydoxorubicin (4'-DOX) is a new and structurally similar analogue of the
      anti-cancer drug adriamycin (ADR). Based on known pathways of metabolism of ADR a
      high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and
      identification of 4'-DOX and five possible metabolites was developed. Sensitivity
      for serum is 10 ng/ml for 4'-DOX and its alcoholic product 4'-deoxydoxorubicinol
      (4'-DOL) and 2 ng/ml for four of its aglycone products with coefficients of
      variation in k' of less than 5% throughout the day. An extraction step with
      better than 80% recovery of 4'-DOX and five reference metabolites from serum is
      described. Analysis of patient sera identified two metabolite peaks. These co
      eluted with the reference metabolites of 4'-DOL and the 7-deoxyaglycone of 4'
      DOX. Pharmacokinetics of the parent drug followed a two-compartment model. Both
      the metabolites were produced quickly and disappeared quickly.

PMID- 4030991
TI  - Determination of meprobamate as an n-butylboronate ester derivative in serum by
      gas-liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4030992
TI  - Determination of gabapentin in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography and pre-column labelling for ultraviolet detection.

PMID- 4030993
TI  - Use of ELISA for measuring the extent of serological cross-reactivity between
      plant viruses.
AB  - The degree of antigenic relatedness between two plant viruses is commonly
      expressed by a serological differentiation index (SDI) which corresponds to the
      average number of two-fold dilution steps separating homologous from heterologous
      precipitin titers. Results obtained with several tobamo- and tombusviruses
      indicated that the indirect form of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
      can also be used for calculating SDI values. This was achieved by comparing the
      antiserum dilutions that lead to the same absorbance measurements (for instance
      1.0) when homologous and heterologous viruses are assayed by ELISA. SDI values
      calculated from ELISA were similar to those obtained from precipitin tests.
      Because of its greater sensitivity, ELISA is able to quantify weak cross
      reactions that are not detectable by precipitin tests.

PMID- 4030994
TI  - Rapid purification of HBsAg from human plasma.
AB  - A method is described for the rapid isolation of purified HBsAg from infected
      donor plasma. This method uses polyethylene glycol precipitation and a single
      isopycnic ultracentrifugation step in which the gradient is formed in situ. It
      works equally well using a small swingout rotor or a zonal rotor.

PMID- 4030995
TI  - Detection of both hepatitis B e antigen and antibody in a single assay using
      monoclonal reagents.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies raised against HBeAg were used to develop a HBeAg and anti
      HBe detection assay. Monoclones containing anti-HBe were used both for the
      coating of the solid phase and for the fluid phase label in a sandwich type
      assay. The percentage binding of 125I-labelled anti-HBe to serum HBeAg was much
      greater than that seen in a similar assay using only polyclonal reagents.
      Therefore it was possible to add a small quantity of HBeAg for neutralising any
      anti-HBe present in a test serum without affecting HBeAg detection. This small
      amount of serum HBeAg was incorporated into each test sample thus allowing the
      determination of the e status of a patient using only one aliquot of test serum.
      This single test assay could be performed either as a radioimmunoassay or as an
      ELISA. The sensitivity of these assays was found to be greater than the
      conventional polyclonal assay particularly with regard to sera containing anti
      HBe.

PMID- 4030996
TI  - Assessment of specific virus infectivity and virus neutralization by a progeny
      virus immunotitration method as exemplified in an adenovirus system.
AB  - An alternative method for the determination of specific virus infectivity and
      quantitative measurement of inhibitory activity of antibodies was developed using
      an adenovirus system. HeLa cells in 37 ml suspension cultures of 1.5 X 10(7)
      cells were infected with purified adenovirus 2 (Ad2) at different multiplicities
      of infection. After appropriate incubations, total progeny virus was isolated by
      a one-step CsCl gradient sedimentation procedure. Recovered virions were
      disrupted in the presence of 5 M urea and directly quantitated by rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis against an anti-hexon-antiserum. One infectious unit (IU)
      was defined as the lowest amount of virions capable of producing maximum yield of
      progeny virus in the standardized system, and corresponded to 32 physical
      particles, which also equalled one plaque-forming unit (pfu). The coefficient of
      the inter-experimental variation of the total virus yield determination was 13%.
      Reduction in progeny virus synthesis was taken as a measurement of the degree of
      the inhibitory effect of neutralizing antibodies. A linear relationship was
      obtained between dilution of a neutralizing antiserum and reduction in synthesis
      of progeny virus. Separate determinations of such neutralization revealed a
      coefficient of variation of 5.5%.

PMID- 4030997
TI  - Thermal inactivation of Pichinde virus.
AB  - Detailed information regarding the kinetics of thermal inactivation of Pichinde,
      an arenavirus, is presented. Inactivation of virus infectivity proceeded as a
      first order reaction over the temperature range 22-53 degrees C. The determined
      inactivation rates analysed as a function of absolute temperature revealed that
      two different reactions were involved. Below 37 degrees C, the energy of
      activation was determined to be compatible with RNA degradation, whereas at
      higher temperatures a correspondingly greater value suggests that protein
      inactivation contributes significantly to loss of infectivity. Both inactivation
      reactions were retarded in the presence of foetal calf serum to a final
      concentration of 1%. The relatively short half-life of 12-24 h at 22 degrees C
      suggests transmission in nature via contaminated foodstuffs and soil may be
      inefficient.

PMID- 4030998
TI  - Obesity and caloric intake: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
      of 1971-1975 (HANES I).
AB  - Most published studies have failed to show a greater food intake in obese
      subjects than in nonobese. However, the sample sizes in most of these studies are
      small and the methodologies open to question. HANES I is based on a probability
      sample of 20,749 people, representative of the civilian noninstitutional
      population of the U.S. We analyzed a subsample of 6219 nonpregnant adults whose
      diet was not influenced by illness or drugs and who stated that their intake,
      estimated by dietary interview, represented their usual pattern. Neither the
      caloric intake nor the caloric intake adjusted for physical activity level and
      age was higher in the obese subjects. This suggests that, unless estimates of
      food intake differ in accuracy between obese and nonobese subjects, factors other
      than overeating should be given increased consideration in the etiology of
      obesity.

PMID- 4030999
TI  - An analysis of physicians' reasons for prescribing long-term digitalis therapy in
      outpatients.
AB  - We examined by medical-record review why long-term digitalis therapy was
      prescribed in 150 outpatients, the reasons were: supraventricular
      tachyarrhythmias (35): supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and heart failure (33);
      and heart failure with sinus rhythm (82). In the patients without
      supraventricular tachyarrhythmias we scrutinized the diagnosis of heart failure
      using a clinicoradiographic scoring system and found the diagnosis unlikely in 32
      patients. When these 32 patients are combined with the 31 patients who had only
      one occurrence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias or heart failure, 42% of the
      patients were on long-term digitalis therapy for a questionable reason. We
      conclude that a substantial fraction of general medical outpatients might benefit
      from digitalis withdrawal, if evidence for heart failure is lacking or if the
      reason prompting digitalis therapy is isolated to the distant past.

PMID- 4031000
TI  - Prognosis for women with different symptoms and signs suggesting ischaemic heart
      disease--a 12-year follow-up. The population study of women in Gothenburg,
      Sweden.
AB  - A longitudinal population study of a total of 1462 women aged 38-60 was carried
      out in 1968-69 in Gothenburg, Sweden. The women have been re-studied in 1974-75
      and 1980-81. The incidences of myocardial infarction during the following 12-year
      period were: three of 29 women with a history of angina pectoris (10%), four of
      23 women with initial ECG changes at rest (17%) and one of 30 with ECG changes
      during work (3%). In addition, all women of similar age in Gothenburg with
      myocardial infarction during the years 1968-70 have been followed-up with respect
      to mortality, and in all there were 47 women who were alive on arrival at
      hospital. The figures for the 12-year overall mortality in the population study
      were: three women with angina pectoris (10%), four women with ECG changes at rest
      (17%) and three women with ECG changes during work (10%) and in the series of
      women with myocardial infarction 21 of 47 (45%). It seemed that the mortality
      among women with a history of angina pectoris or ECG changes at rest or during
      exercise indicating ischaemic heart disease was only slightly increased, if at
      all, compared to other women in the population, while having had a myocardial
      infarction significantly increased the mortality risk.

PMID- 4031001
TI  - Detecting effect modification due to the variables controlled in multiple
      matching.
AB  - A new approach is presented to the study of heterogeneity of the odds ratio in a
      case-control design when the possible interaction effects are associated with the
      variables used for multiple matching. This analysis does not require
      stratification on the matching covariates.

PMID- 4031002
TI  - Early diastolic posterior aortic root slope, a clinical guide to the severity of
      mitral stenosis.
AB  - This report tests the hypothesis that, in early diastole, motion of the anterior
      left atrial wall corresponds to the motion that can be observed in the contiguous
      posterior wall of the aortic root. To test this hypothesis, we examined the
      effects of mitral stenosis, exercise in normals, exercise induced left
      ventricular ischemia, left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular
      dysfunction on this slope. Each altered early diastolic atrioventricular
      interaction as predicted and therefore, the early diastolic motion of the
      anterior left atrial wall does appear to be mirrored by the early diastolic slope
      of the posterior wall of the aortic root. Consequently, if interpreted in the
      clinical context, measurement of early diastolic slope of the posterior wall of
      the aortic root may serve as a useful guide to separate patients with severe from
      those with mild mitral stenosis.

PMID- 4031003
TI  - Multiple tumor incidence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or allied
      disorders.
AB  - The incidence of multiple malignant neoplasms in 55,279 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) or allied disorders was studied by linking two separate nationwide
      data registers covering the whole Finnish population. The linking of the Social
      Insurance Institution's Population Register and the Finnish Cancer Registry
      resulted in 2106 cancer patients in whom both cancer (diagnosed in 1967-1978) and
      rheumatoid arthritis or allied disorders (diagnosed before cancer) were
      diagnosed. In 1974, the allied disorders (ankylosing spondylitis or systemic
      connective tissue diseases) accounted for 3.9% of all the diagnoses in the Social
      Insurance Institution's Population Register. The incidence of multiple neoplasms
      was slightly but not significantly higher in cancer patients with RA or allied
      disorders than in the general population or in all cancer patients taken
      together. The risk of leukemia was four times higher in the rheumatoid or allied
      disease cancer patients than in all the cancer patients. The results are
      consistent with previous results showing that the leukemia incidence in RA
      patients is higher than expected.

PMID- 4031004
TI  - Children's type A interview: interrater, test-retest reliability, and interviewer
      effect.
AB  - The Miami Structured Interview--1 was developed to assess Type A behavior in
      preadolescents and adolescents in the United States and Greece. This report
      describes the interrater and test-retest reliability of the Miami Structured
      Interview--1, and the effect of different interviewers on the assessment process.
      Interrater agreements on the A vs not A scale were 73% for Greek American (k =
      0.49, p less than 0.01, n = 88), 80% for Mixed American (k = 0.61, p less than
      0.01, n = 69), and 88% for Native Greek interviews (k = 0.76, p less than 0.01, n
      = 65). Exact agreements on a five-point scale were 48% (weighted k = 0.73, p less
      than 0.01), 42% (weighted k = 0.70, p less than 0.01), and 48% (weighted k =
      0.80, p less than 0.01), respectively. Although levels of agreement were all
      greater than chance, rater bias was observed. Test-retest administrations within
      10 min showed 91% agreement (k = 0.82, p less than 0.01) on the A vs not A scale.
      Analyses suggest interviewers can affect the assessment of Type A behavior. These
      findings indicate the Miami Structured Interview--1 can (1) reach acceptable
      levels of interrater reliability, (2) is susceptible to rater bias, (3) has
      sufficient test-retest reliability for use in longitudinal studies, and (4) must
      be presented in a standardized way before ratings from interviews conducted by
      different interviewers can be combined or compared. The strengths and limitations
      of the Miami Structured Interview-1 are discussed.

PMID- 4031005
TI  - Cross-cultural validity of the Miami Structured Interview--1 for type A in
      children: the American-Hellenic Heart Study.
AB  - The Miami Structured Interview--1 was developed (1) to assess Type A behaviour in
      a broader age range of children than tested with previous interviews, and (2) for
      cross-cultural studies. This study examined the validity of the Miami Structured
      Interview--1 for assessing Type A behavior in 507 American and Greek
      preadolescent (ages 7-11) and adolescent (ages 12-16) boys. The interview was
      scored on voice stylistics such as speed of speech, word emphasis, and latency of
      response. Validity was tested using the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH), a
      teacher rating scale of Type A behaviors. Interview determined Type A's received
      significantly higher MYTH scores than non Type A's for American adolescents (p
      less than 0.05), Greek preadolescents (p less than 0.01), and Greek adolescents
      (p less than 0.05). The interview also identified extreme groups of Type A's and
      Type B's for American adolescents (p less than 0.01) and Greek preadolescents (p
      less than 0.05). The findings support the cross-cultural validity of the Miami
      Structured Interview--1 and the Type A construct for children. Limitations of the
      Miami Structured Interview--1 are discussed.

PMID- 4031006
TI  - Consideration of covariates and stratification in sample size determination for
      survival time studies.
AB  - Sample size determination for survival time studies is discussed, taking into
      account stratification. We present formulas and tables which also apply in the
      case of multicenter clinical trials. In addition, the same method is used to
      estimate the sample size requirement when a covariate is grouped into strata.
      Simulation studies compare the results to covariate adjustment by the Cox
      proportional hazards model.

PMID- 4031007
TI  - Glucocorticoid effects on somatomedins and somatomedin inhibitors.
AB  - Glucocorticoid excess may be associated with poor growth despite normal levels of
      GH and adequate nutrition. Steroid-induced growth failure could be mediated by
      defective generation and/or action of somatomedins. To probe potential
      mechanisms, we examined the effect of corticosteroid administration on net
      somatomedin activity, immunoreactive somatomedin-C, and separated biologically
      active somatomedins and somatomedin inhibitors. Twelve children receiving
      alternate day steroid therapy had circulating somatomedin activity measured by
      porcine cartilage bioassay. Somatomedin activity fell 6 h after steroids [from
      1.02 +/- 0.09 (+/- SEM) to 0.35 +/- 0.07 U/ml; P less than 0.001] and then rose
      toward normal. No significant change in somatomedin activity occurred during the
      day off therapy. Further studies were conducted in normal subjects given a single
      60-mg dose of prednisone. Six hours after prednisone, somatomedin activity (rat
      cartilage bioassay) decreased by 46% (P less than 0.01), yet somatomedin-C did
      not change. To pursue this discrepancy, serum was fractionated on Sephadex G-50,
      pH 2.4, and separated somatomedin and somatomedin inhibitory bioactivity was
      measured. Biologically active somatomedins (Kav, 0.50-0.63) were comparable
      before and after prednisone treatment, as was inhibitory activity found at Kav
      0.13-0.25. In contrast, somatomedin inhibitory activity at Kav 0.25-0.38 doubled
      (111 +/- 8% inhibition of somatomedin action vs. 54 +/- 11%; P less than 0.005)
      after prednisone therapy. The somatomedin inhibitor in these fractions blunted
      serum stimulation of sulfate, thymidine, and uridine uptake by test cartilage.
      These inhibitory effects could not be attributed to direct steroid action, as
      levels were less than 2 micrograms/dl in inhibitory fractions and addition of
      cortisol and prednisolone to the bioassay system failed to decrease somatomedin
      activity. We conclude that glucocorticoid administration is followed by an
      increase in circulating somatomedin inhibitors. Such inhibitors may explain the
      steroid-induced fall in net somatomedin activity and contribute to impaired
      growth.

PMID- 4031008
TI  - Human chorionic gonadotropin and 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate stimulate
      [125I]low density lipoprotein uptake and metabolism by luteinized human granulosa
      cells in culture.
AB  - In nonsteroidogenic cells, cellular cholesterol requirements and sterol
      availability determine low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression and LDL
      metabolism. We wished to learn if hCG and cAMP increase LDL metabolism by
      cultured luteinized human granulosa cells and whether this increase is dependent
      on enhanced metabolism of cellular cholesterol stores to steroid. Granulosa cells
      were cultured for 48 h in medium containing 20% human male serum and then for 48
      h in serum- and hormone-free medium. The cells then received either fresh medium
      (no additions) or one of the following treatments: 500 mIU hCG/ml, 1.5 mM 8-bromo
      cAMP, 100 micrograms aminoglutethimide (AG)/ml to inhibit cholesterol metabolism
      to steroid hormones, hCG plus AG, or 8-bromo-cAMP plus AG. After 6-48 h of
      exposure to tropic agents, specific metabolism of [125I]LDL was determined. hCG
      and 8-bromo-cAMP significantly increased (P less than 0.05) the amount of
      [125I]LDL bound (2.2-fold), internalized (2.3-fold), and degraded (2.9-fold) by
      the luteinized granulosa cells. The apparent Km values for LDL degradation in
      control and hCG-treated cells were similar (2.0 and 2.6 micrograms/ml,
      respectively). As little as 10 mIU hCG/ml stimulated LDL metabolism in a time
      dependent fashion: a stimulatory effect was detected within 6 h of exposure to
      hCG and was greater after 24 h. AG attenuated but did not prevent the hCG- or 8
      bromo-cAMP-stimulated increase in both LDL uptake and metabolism, although it
      completely inhibited the steroidogenic response. AG alone had no significant
      effect on [125I] LDL metabolism. We conclude that hCG and cAMP increase LDL
      metabolism by luteinized human granulosa cells. These effects are apparently not
      simply a consequence of enhanced cellular cholesterol metabolism to steroids.

PMID- 4031009
TI  - Absence of intercavernous venous mixing: evidence supporting lateralization of
      pituitary microadenomas by venous sampling.
AB  - Preoperative lateralization of endocrine-active pituitary tumors may be possible
      by bilateral inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) sampling for hormone measurement. The
      reliability of this technique depends on unilateral drainage of blood from the
      adenoma within the pituitary gland, in its course from the gland to the
      ipsilateral cavernous sinus, and from the cavernous sinus to the junction of the
      IPS and the internal jugular vein. Anatomical studies demonstrate unilateral
      drainage of each hemihypophysis into the ipsilateral cavernous sinus. The degree
      of mixing of blood between the cavernous sinuses, via the intercavernous sinus,
      and between the IPSs, via the basilar plexus, is unknown. We determined the
      extent of mixing of blood flowing from the superior orbital vein to the junction
      of the IPS and the internal jugular vein in four rhesus monkeys. After
      catheterization of a superior orbital vein and both IPSs, 99Tc-colloidal sulfur
      was infused into the superior orbital vein while blood samples were taken
      simultaneously from both IPSs and a peripheral vein at 3-min intervals. Mean
      relative radioactivity was 100 +/- 14% (+/- SEM) in the ipsilateral IPS, 8 +/- 2%
      in the contralateral IPS, and 3 +/- 1% in a peripheral vein. Isotope reaching the
      ipsilateral IPS before recirculation from the periphery was 10- to 313-fold more
      concentrated than in the contralateral IPS. These findings suggest that mixture
      of blood between the cavernous sinuses and between the IPSs is insignificant and
      support the capability of preoperative lateralization of pituitary microadenomas
      by bilateral and simultaneous IPS sampling.

PMID- 4031011
TI  - Opioid peptides in human adrenal: partial characterization and presence of
      adrenal peptide E.
AB  - Evaluation of hypotheses concerning the role of opioid peptides in the human
      adrenal is handicapped by the lack of information concerning the nature of these
      peptides. We studied the content of opioid peptides in whole adrenal tissue using
      several RIAs, including one which cross-reacts with all opioid peptides tested.
      Opioid peptides were localized to granules which behaved like chromaffin granules
      on crude sucrose density separation. beta-Endorphin immunoreactivity was a minor
      component, which was found principally in the form of beta-endorphin-(1-31). The
      majority of the remaining peptides probably were products of proenkephalin. The
      human postmortem tissue differed from bovine tissue in that the major
      accumulating products of this precursor were the size of the enkephalins and
      their small congeners, and not the intermediate-sized (mol wt, approximately 1500
      4000) peptides that predominated in bovine tissue. We also found evidence of the
      presence of the 25-amino acid complex opioid, peptide E, in human tissue.

PMID- 4031010
TI  - Influence of age on steroid concentrations in skin and striated muscle in women
      and in cardiac muscle and lung tissue in men.
AB  - In order to investigate whether androgen concentrations vary as a function of age
      in all tissues and organs and whether the sexual differences in plasma androgen
      levels are reflected in tissue concentrations, testosterone (T), 5 alpha
      androstane-17 beta-ol, 3-one (DHT), 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol
      (Adiol), and 4-androstene-3,17-dione (Adion) concentrations were measured
      postmortem in lung tissue and myocardium of men aged 16-87 yr. The results were
      compared to values obtained previously in other tissues. Similar measurements
      were made in various tissues (labia majora, clitoris, pubic skin, thigh skin,
      striated muscle) from women aged 16-87 yr. In cardiac tissue of men, T was
      quantitatively the most important androgen and concentrations of DHT and Adiol
      were low, reflecting low 5 alpha-reductase activity; in lung tissue, T and Adion
      were found in similar concentrations, with lower levels of 5 alpha-reduced
      metabolites. In both cardiac and lung tissue, androgen concentrations decreased
      significantly with age. In women, androgen concentrations were highest in
      specific androgen target tissues (labia majora, clitoris) and lowest in thigh
      skin and striated muscle. The ratios of the 5 alpha-saturated metabolites (DHT
      plus Adiol) to T or to T + Adion, respectively, parallel total androgen
      concentrations, whereas the Adiol to DHT ratio, a parameter of 3 alpha-reductase
      activity, was highest in striated muscle and thigh skin and lowest in androgen
      target tissues (labia majora and clitoris). In women tissue concentrations of all
      androgens decreased significantly with age in nearly all tissues studied. As
      expected tissue androgen concentrations were lower in women than in men, but in
      androgen target tissues such as the clitoris or labia majora, concentrations were
      little lower than in scrotal skin. We conclude that in both men and women
      androgen target tissues contain high androgen concentrations and high 5 alpha
      reductase activity; moreover androgen concentrations in target tissues are
      similar in both sexes. In both sexes tissue androgen concentrations decreased
      with age in most tissues, but in target tissues the decrease was more pronounced
      in women than in men.

PMID- 4031012
TI  - Serum ferritin as a marker of thyroid hormone action on peripheral tissues.
AB  - Serum ferritin measurements were evaluated as a marker of thyroid hormone action
      on peripheral tissues. Mean serum ferritin concentrations were not significantly
      different in euthyroid, thyrotoxic, and hypothyroid subjects due to a wide spread
      in ferritin levels among individuals. Intraindividual changes in serum ferritin,
      however, occurred with changing thyroid function. All 18 patients with thyrotoxic
      Graves' disease had a decrease in serum ferritin levels when they became
      euthyroid during antithyroid drug therapy. Furthermore, a significant
      intraindividual correlation between serum levels of ferritin and T4 or T3 was
      found in 2 patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease in whom levels were measured
      serially throughout the course of therapy. Similarly, serum ferritin levels
      increased in all 12 hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's disease when
      euthyroidism was achieved with L-T4 therapy. Administration of 75 micrograms T3
      daily for 1 week to 11 euthyroid subjects resulted in a 23-243% (mean +/- SD, 117
      +/- 70%) increase in serum ferritin above basal values. In contrast, in 3
      patients with thyroid hormone resistance, the same treatment produced rises in
      serum ferritin concentrations of only 2%, 5%, and 15%. Our data suggest that
      alterations in thyroid status in a given individual produce changes in serum
      ferritin levels. Measurement of this protein before and after T3 therapy may
      prove useful in the diagnosis of thyroid hormone resistance.

PMID- 4031013
TI  - Bromocriptine effects on cultured human prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas:
      in vitro ultrastructural, morphometric, and immunoelectron microscopic studies.
AB  - In an effort to better characterize the ultrastructural, morphometric, and
      immunocytochemical changes induced by 10(-8) M bromocriptine (BR), tumor cells
      from three surgically removed PRL-producing pituitary adenomas were cultured on
      an extracellular matrix in serum-free medium. In each instance, the treated
      cultures were compared to control cells at the end of 24 h and 16 days. PRL RIAs
      were performed on culture medium. A decrease in cell and nucleus surface area was
      found on day 16 in two cultures. This supports the well known shrinkage of BR
      treated PRL-producing adenomas. BR induced no change in these parameters in the
      tumor from a third patient who was partly resistant to the drug. Changes in the
      secretory process were discernible as of day 1 in all three tumors, with a
      dramatic reduction of exocytosis and intracellular accumulation of PRL
      immunoreactive granules. This induced delayed inhibition of protein synthesis,
      demonstrated by preembedding immunocytochemistry on day 16. These results,
      obtained for the first time in human PRL-producing adenomas, are informative as
      to the subcellular events subsequent to short term BR treatment and illustrate
      that secretory inhibition and tumor shrinkage are not necessarily linked.

PMID- 4031014
TI  - Black (or brown) adrenal cortical adenoma: its characteristic features on
      computed tomography and endocrine data.
AB  - Seventeen patients with adrenal adenoma causing Cushing's syndrome, eight
      patients with Cushing's disease due to hypersecretion of ACTH, and five patients
      with primary aldosteronism due to an aldosteronoma were studied for their
      computed tomographic (CT) patterns, hormonal profiles, and macroscopic and
      microscopic findings of the adrenal gland. Black (or brown) adrenal adenomas were
      found in 71% of the patients with Cushing's syndrome, but not in patients with
      aldosteronoma. The adrenal tissue of patients with Cushing's disease was
      predominantly yellow. The number of compact cells was larger in black or brown
      adenomas than in yellow tumors or hyperplastic adrenal tissue. In patients with
      Cushing's syndrome, urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) and serum
      aldosterone concentrations were lower in those with black or brown adenomas than
      in those with yellow adenomas (P less than 0.05). Patients with Cushing's disease
      had even higher 17-KS and serum aldosterone levels. No difference was found in
      serum cortisol concentrations and dexamethasone suppressibility in two types of
      adenomas causing Cushing's syndrome. Visual estimation of radiological density of
      the adrenal tissue relative to the kidney on CT scan and quantitative measurement
      of it by CT number revealed a difference between the two types of adrenal tumors
      causing Cushing's syndrome. Adrenal tumors with decreased density on CT scan were
      yellow adenomas with predominantly clear cells, and those with equal or increased
      density were black or brown adenomas with predominantly compact cells. All
      aldosteronomas had decreased density and consisted of clear cells. It is
      suggested that black or brown adenomas of the adrenal gland have higher
      radiological density and accompanying lower serum aldosterone and urinary 17-KS
      levels than ordinary yellow tumors. The abundance of compact cells may have some
      significance for the development of this particular type of adrenal tumor.

PMID- 4031015
TI  - Prolonged treatment of Cushing's disease by ketoconazole.
AB  - Ketoconazole, used in clinical practice as an antifungal medication, recently was
      found to be a potent inhibitor of gonadal and adrenal steroidogenesis in vitro
      and in vivo. The effects of prolonged treatment with this agent in Cushing's
      disease were investigated in five patients who had recurrent severe
      hypercortisolism after selective transsphenoidal surgery. The patients received
      the drug for at least 2 months. Urinary cortisol markedly decreased in all
      patients immediately after the beginning of treatment with ketoconazole (800
      mg/day) and remained within low normal levels when the daily dose was lowered to
      600 mg/day. Plasma cortisol also decreased. After 4-6 weeks of treatment, the
      clinical features of the disease regressed in all patients without signs of
      toxicity. These findings indicate that ketoconazole may be a valuable drug for
      the management of patients with Cushing's disease because of its ability to
      correct hypercortisolism quickly.

PMID- 4031016
TI  - Fatty acid compositions of serum lipids, erythrocytes, and platelets in insulin
      dependent diabetic women.
AB  - The fatty acid composition of serum lipids, erythrocytes, platelets, and diet was
      studied in women with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) and in normal subjects
      matched for age, sex, body weight, and serum lipid levels. The dietary intake of
      linoleic acid was higher in IDDM patients than in the normal subjects. The
      linoleic acid content of serum triglycerides, cholesterol esters, and
      phospholipids and of red cells and platelets were elevated in patients with IDDM
      proportionately to their dietary linoleate intake. The linoleic acid content of
      serum lipids, but not of diet, was significantly correlated with glycosylated
      hemoglobin A1c in IDDM patients. However, the serum lipid content of arachidonic
      acid and other n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are metabolites of linoleic
      acid, was decreased in IDDM patients, but these metabolites were normal or
      increased in their cell membranes. The contents of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty
      acids were decreased in serum and platelet lipids and tended to be increased in
      erythrocyte membranes of diabetic patients. The results suggest that elongation
      and desaturation of essential fatty acids, linoleic acid in particular, are
      decreased in women with IDDM.

PMID- 4031017
TI  - Comparison of iodobenzylguanidine imaging with computed tomography in locating
      pheochromocytoma.
AB  - Ninety-nine patients suspected of having pheochromocytoma were studied with
      [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy, and 92 of them were studied with
      computed tomography (CT). In 49 patients, the diagnosis was ruled out; in 3
      patients, it remained doubtful; and in 47 patients, it was confirmed. Two
      patients had tumors that did not secrete epinephrine or norepinephrine, and 45
      had secreting pheochromocytomas. In these latter patients, there were 4 false
      negative [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine scans, all intraadrenal tumors, and 4
      false negative CT scans, 3 extraadrenal and 1 intraadrenal tumors. For about 80%
      of the patients and/or the tumor sites, both methods were thus in agreement. They
      were complementary in the remaining 20%. The advantage of scintigraphy is to
      screen the whole body with high specificity and to locate extra-adrenal sites or
      metastases of pheochromocytoma with better accuracy than CT. The limits of
      scintigraphy are the possibility of false negative scans in around 10% of
      patients, whereas CT visualizes more than 95% of intraadrenal tumors.

PMID- 4031018
TI  - Hepatic bioavailability of thyroxine and testosterone in familial dysalbuminemic
      hyperthyroxinemia.
AB  - The bioavailability of [125I]T4 or [3H]testosterone in serum obtained from normal
      subjects and from subjects with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH)
      was studied with a portal vein injection technique in ketamine-anesthetized rats.
      In the present studies this technique was modified by performing uptake
      measurements in the presence of serum loaded with either 25 microM T4 or 1 microM
      testosterone. Loading of serum with these high concentrations displaced the
      labeled hormone from the lower capacity globulin or prealbumin-binding sites to
      the high capacity albumin or dysalbumin-binding sites, and allowed for the
      analysis of hormone availability in liver when the labeled hormone was delivered
      to the tissue bound either to albumin or to dysalbumin binding sites. In the
      presence of normal serum, 33 +/- 3% (SE) of T4 was available to rat liver, as
      opposed to 20 +/- 2% for FDH serum. When normal serum was loaded with 25 microM
      T4, the bioavailable T4 increased to 97 +/- 2%, consistent with the availability
      of T4 bound to albumin. However, the hepatic bioavailability of T4 in the
      presence of 25 microM T4 in FDH serum was only 33 +/- 4%. Testosterone
      bioavailability was similar in normal and in FDH sera, and was 49 +/- 7% in the
      absence and 99 +/- 4% in the presence of 1 microM testosterone. These studies
      suggest that T4 bound to the FDH albumin binding site is not readily available
      for entry into liver, whereas T4 bound to the normal albumin binding site is
      freely available for uptake in vivo. The differential bioavailability of T4 is
      compatible with the model that the normal and FDH binding sites are situated on
      different parts of the albumin molecule, and that only T4 bound to the normal
      binding site is freely available for delivery to the liver.

PMID- 4031020
TI  - WAIS and neuropsychological tests: common and unique variance within an epileptic
      population.
AB  - Neuropsychological assessment batteries, which traditionally require lengthy
      administration times, may be composed of multiple tests which measure essentially
      the same performance attributes. Test redundancies of this nature compromise the
      adequacy of a test battery from a cost containment perspective. The present study
      evaluated the common and unique variance of the WAIS relative to a modified and
      expanded Halstead-Reitan test battery to determine if information obtained from
      the WAIS is sufficiently nonredundant to justify its inclusion as part of this
      assessment battery. Cross-validated estimates of bivariate and multivariate
      relationships between these instruments were generated from two samples (n = 125)
      of epileptics. Results indicated statistically significant redundancies, yet,
      when interpreted from a clinical perspective it was evident that
      neuropsychological tests could not accurately duplicate information provided by
      the WAIS. Accordingly, it was not recommended that the WAIS be eliminated from
      this test battery in order to reduce test administration time.

PMID- 4031019
TI  - Endogenous opiates participate in the regulation of pulsatile luteinizing hormone
      release in an unopposed estrogen milieu: studies in estrogen-replaced,
      gonadectomized patients with testicular feminization.
AB  - Administration of opiate receptor antagonists augmented pulsatile LH release in
      six estrogen-treated, orchidectomized individuals with testicular feminization.
      In response to an opiate antagonist, LH pulse frequency increased from 3.0 +/-
      0.55 (+/- SE) to 5.0 +/- 0.45 pulses/8 h (P = 0.034). Since these patients have
      inborn target tissue resistance to androgens, we infer that sustained androgen
      action is not obligatory to the emergence of endogenous inhibitory opiate tone in
      man. Rather, these observations document that the suppressive effects of opiates
      on gonadotropin secretion can be unmasked in the presence of an unopposed
      estrogen milieu.

PMID- 4031021
TI  - Utility of the Seashore Tonal Memory Test in neuropsychological assessment.
AB  - This study assessed the diagnostic utility of the Seashore Tonal Memory Test in
      detecting and localizing cerebral lesions. A group of 238 subjects with focal or
      diffuse cerebral lesions and a group of 112 normal comparison subjects were
      administered the Seashore Tonal Memory Test and the Halstead-Reitan Battery. All
      brain-damaged subgroups did significantly worse than the normal group on the
      Tonal Memory Test. Patients with right-hemisphere lesions were more impaired on
      this test than were those with left-hemisphere lesions. In contrast, Seashore
      Rhythm Test scores were not significantly different for groups with right- versus
      left-hemisphere lesions. Tonal Memory performance was not found to be related to
      more precise location of structural lesions within the right hemisphere. Step
      wise discriminate function analyses indicated that the Tonal Memory Test adds to
      the Halstead-Reitan Battery in discriminating left-hemisphere from right
      hemisphere lesions and that, for this purpose, it was a better discriminator than
      all but one of the individual tests currently in the battery.

PMID- 4031022
TI  - Can spatial deficits in Turner's syndrome be explained by focal CNS dysfunction
      or atypical speech lateralization?
AB  - The spatial impairments of Turner's Syndrome were examined by administering
      perceptual, constructional, and nonverbal memory tasks to 11 probands and 22
      controls matched for phenotypic sex, age, education, and hand preference. Visual
      imperception was more pronounced than constructional apraxia. Deficits in
      attention span were present, but they were not restricted to the visual modality
      or to nonverbal stimuli. Further neuropsychological tests of focal brain
      dysfunction and speech lateralization revealed slightly increased somatosensory
      thresholds of the left palm, attenuated manual asymmetry, and diminished right
      visual-field superiority on letter identification. Different measures of spatial
      ability correlated with the somatosensory scores, the manual scores, and the
      speech representation scores, but the latter three variables showed no
      significant interrelationships. It is concluded that a unitary explanation in
      terms of focal CNS dysfunction or atypical speech representation can not account
      for the pattern of neuropsychological deficits seen in Turner's Syndrome.

PMID- 4031023
TI  - Some amnesic patients can freely recall large amounts of information in new
      contexts.
AB  - A previously reported technique for promoting robust free recall in amnesic
      subjects (Ridiculously Imaged Stories) was further studied in two amnesic
      patients to determine if there is a limit to the amount of information that can
      be acquired, and if the novelty of the storyline is essential for its efficacy.
      Two different lists of words were taught to each subject embedded in either a
      ridiculous or a logical story. The subjects learned combined totals of 160 (S1)
      and 120 (S2) words with perfect free recall at intervals up to 7 weeks between
      last list exposure and recall. No differences were observed in rates of learning
      between the two types of stories. These results challenge the view that amnesic
      subjects are unable to freely recall large amounts of new information within a
      newly acquired context. A theoretical integration of the data is explored.

PMID- 4031024
TI  - Use of demographic variables to predict full scale IQ: a replication and
      extension.
AB  - The evaluation of current level of neuropsychological functioning is handicapped
      by the lack of validated actuarial methods for estimating premorbid intellectual
      functioning. The present study cross-validated and attempted to improve the one
      existing method of using demographic variables in a systematic way to predict
      WAIS Full Scale IQ (Wilson et al., 1978). A sample of 491 neurologically normal
      subjects was used. The results generally supported the IQ prediction equation,
      but did reveal systematic differences in accuracy of prediction and direction of
      prediction error for IQs in the high and low ranges. Also, a simpler IQ
      prediction formula that uses only years of education was developed and compared
      with the 5-variable Wilson et al. formula.

PMID- 4031025
TI  - Effects of localized lesions on the Verbal Concept Attainment Test.
AB  - This study examined the performance of groups of patients (n = 97) with
      independently localized cerebral lesions on the Verbal Concept Attainment Test
      (VCAT). It was found that the left frontal group was impaired relative to all the
      other-lesion groups. In addition frequency distributions were examined in the
      lesion groups and a large normative sample (n = 360). Although the means of the
      other-lesion groups were below that of controls, the left frontal group had the
      lowest mean score, and was characterized by an absence of relatively good scores.
      Possible cut-off scores were examined for potential clinical utility. The data
      were discussed in relation to previous studies of frontal-lobe behavioral
      deficits and in relation to the potential clinical utility of the VCAT in
      detection of frontal-lobe dysfunction.

PMID- 4031026
TI  - Contribution of the TPT to adult neuropsychological assessment: a review.
AB  - The Tactual Performance Test (TPT) is reviewed because of its widespread use in
      neuropsychology. The review indicates that: (1) each of the three TPT scores
      (Time, Memory, Location), while having considerable overlap in what is measured,
      contributes something unique; (2) test-retest reliability is adequate, although
      TPT Memory and Location are generally less reliable than TPT Time; (3) TPT Time
      has proven to be a sensitive and valid measure of dysfunction in heterogeneous
      populations of brain-damaged subjects; (4) subject variables of importance to TPT
      performance are age, IQ, sex, and, to a much less extent, education; (5) there
      are indications that TPT Time is somewhat more sensitive to right-hemisphere
      dysfunction, at least in acutely brain-damaged subjects; (6) in more chronic
      cases, the TPT may be more sensitive to extent of damage than locus of lesion;
      (7) in obtaining lateralizing information, TPT Time scores for each hand are most
      helpful; and, (8) additional information may be obtained through examining
      individual trial scores, pattern across three trials, and observing the subject's
      strategy in completing the task. Modifications and implications for
      rehabilitation are discussed.

PMID- 4031027
TI  - Analysis of covariance as a remedy for demographic mismatch of research subject
      groups: some sobering simulations.
AB  - Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) is often used in neuropsychological studies to
      effect ex-post-facto adjustment of performance variables amongst groups of
      subjects mismatched on some relevant demographic variable. This paper reviews
      some of the statistical assumptions underlying this usage. In an attempt to
      illustrate the complexities of this statistical technique, three sham studies
      using actual patient data are presented. These staged simulations have varying
      relationships between group test performance differences and levels of covariate
      discrepancy. The results were robust and consistent in their nature, and were
      held to support the wisdom of previous cautions by statisticians concerning the
      employment of ANCOVA to justify comparisons between incomparable groups. ANCOVA
      should not be used in neuropsychological research to equate groups unequal on
      variables such as age and education or to exert statistical control whose
      objective is to eliminate consideration of the covariate as an explanation for
      results. Finally, the report advocates by example the use of simulation to
      further our understanding of neuropsychological variables.

PMID- 4031028
TI  - Improved utility of Gonoscreen, a Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay, in the
      evaluation of urethral discharges in men.
AB  - The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay was improved for the rapid evaluation
      of exudative urethritis in males. Two hundred men with various quantities of
      urethral discharge were evaluated. Pyrogen-free Dacron swabs were used for sample
      collection, and a chromogenic substrate was used for visible endpoint
      determination after a 10-min incubation. Of the 200 patients studied, 57 (29%)
      had minimal urethral discharges (less than 15 microliter) and could not be
      evaluated with Gonoscreen (Mallinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.), an LAL test kit
      for the evaluation of urethritis which involves gentle aspiration for sample
      collection. The improved LAL assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 95 and
      97%, respectively, and an overall accuracy to predict culture results of 96%.
      These results were not statistically different from Gram-stained smears read by
      experienced microscopists or from culture results (P greater than 0.05).
      Prevalence of gonorrhea in the study population was 40%, and the positive
      predictive value of the LAL assay was 95%. Thus, the use of swabs facilitated
      sample collection and increased by 29% the number of patients which could be
      evaluated with the LAL assay. In addition, the use of a chromogenic substrate
      reduced incubation time by 67% (30 to 10 min) and provided an objective color
      endpoint.

PMID- 4031029
TI  - Occurrence of Streptococcus milleri among beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated
      from clinical specimens.
AB  - A total of 256 beta-hemolytic streptococcal isolates were subjected to
      serological and physiological tests to identify those which could be classified
      as Streptococcus milleri. S. milleri accounted for 75% of 70 group C isolates,
      15% of 69 group G isolates, 75% of 16 nongroupable isolates, and 100% of 20 group
      F isolates examined. No S. milleri isolates were encountered among the 90 group A
      streptococci studied. Of the 95 beta-hemolytic S. milleri isolates examined, 81%
      were recovered from respiratory specimens.

PMID- 4031030
TI  - Simplified bioassay method for measurement of flucytosine or ketoconazole.
AB  - A simple agar-well diffusion bioassay suitable for measurement of flucytosine or
      ketoconazole was developed by using Candida pseudotropicalis ATCC 46764 as the
      assay organism. A test medium composed of (per liter) 7 g of Trypticase peptone,
      7 g of YNB (yeast-nitrogen base), 15 g of glucose, and 15 g of agar was seeded
      with an inoculum which had been grown to no. 2 McFarland turbidity after 4 to 6 h
      in YNB-glucose broth. Determinations of flucytosine or ketoconazole were
      performed without necessity of heating or diluting of serum samples to alleviate
      amphotericin B interference. A linear relationship between zone diameters and
      log10 concentration of the drugs was observed over the pharmacologically relevant
      ranges of 25 to 160 micrograms/ml for flucytosine and 0.5 to 20 micrograms/ml for
      ketoconazole. The mean coefficient of variability for samples measured on 5
      separate days was 2.4% for flucytosin and 4.0% for ketoconazole. This assay
      represents a significant improvement over previous bioassay methods in that a
      single test system may be used for measurement of either flucytosine or
      ketoconazole, no serum dilution or pretreatment is required, inoculum preparation
      is accomplished entirely on the day of the assay, and sharp, clearly defined
      zones of inhibition are obtained with both drugs.

PMID- 4031031
TI  - New serotypes of Treponema hyodysenteriae.
AB  - Three isolates of pathogenic Treponema hyodysenteriae, B8044, B6933, and Ack
      300/8, were serotyped by double immunodiffusion using lipopolysaccharide antigen
      and rabbit antiserum. The precipitation reactions of these three isolates were
      then compared with precipitin reactions from the reference strains of serotypes 1
      through 4. The data indicated that B8044, B6933, and Ack 300/8 share antigenic
      determinants with either serotype 1 or 2 or both. However, when the cross
      reacting antibodies were removed by adsorption, all reactions were found to be
      monospecific. Based on these results, three new serotypes of pathogenic T.
      hyodysenteriae are proposed: B8044 serotype 5, B6933 serotype 6, and Ack 300/8
      serotype 7.

PMID- 4031032
TI  - Fungal peritonitis caused by Lecythophora mutabilis.
AB  - Fungal peritonitis caused by Lecythophora mutabilis, a mold rarely isolated from
      humans, is described. A patient on continuous peritoneal dialysis developed
      clinical, microbiological, and serological evidence for peritonitis due to this
      fungus. In vitro susceptibility testing of the fungus revealed marked differences
      in the activities of various antifungal agents. Although initially responding to
      treatment with oral ketoconazole, intraperitoneal miconazole, and catheter
      replacement, the patient had a documented relapse. The patient was eventually
      cured following the removal of a second catheter in association with prolonged
      imidazole treatment.

PMID- 4031033
TI  - Automated reading of MIC microdilution trays containing fluorogenic enzyme
      substrates with the Sensititre Autoreader.
AB  - The Sensititre Autoreader is a microcomputer-driven instrument capable of
      automatically reading antimicrobial susceptibility microdilution trays. The
      instrument measures the fluorescence liberated by bacterial enzymatic activity on
      fluorogenic substrates as an indicator of growth in each well. A mathematical
      algorithm converts the fluorescent signals from an antimicrobial dilution series
      to an MIC endpoint. A three-center study evaluated the performance of the
      Autoreader in comparison with MIC determined visually in a duplicate set of
      control plates lacking fluorogenic substrate. Among 828 isolates of gram-negative
      bacilli tested against 17 antimicrobial agents, Autoreader 18-h MIC were within
      +/- 1 twofold dilution of control MIC values (agreement) in 95.3% of instances.
      In 3.5% of the instances, Autoreader values occurred +/- 2 half-step dilutions
      from control values (minor discrepancy), and in only 1.2% of instances did
      Autoreader values deviate from control values by greater than +/- 2 dilution
      steps (major discrepancy). Agreement, minor discrepancies, and major
      discrepancies were noted among 148 gram-positive cocci tested against 11
      antimicrobial agents in 93.5, 4.8, and 1.7% of the instances, respectively. Over
      half of the major discrepancies noted with gram-negative bacilli occurred with
      Proteus mirabilis-beta-lactam combinations, a problem that was resolved when a
      lower initial inoculum was used. Inter-and intralaboratory reproducibility was
      excellent. Standard Sensititre susceptibility trays may be instrument read at 18
      h reproducibly and accurately with only slight modification of conventional
      procedures to include fluorogenic enzyme substrates in the incubation broth.

PMID- 4031035
TI  - Comparison of the FeKal CON-Trate system with the formalin-ethyl acetate
      technique for detection of intestinal parasites.
AB  - The ability of the FeKal CON-Trate system (Trend Scientific, Minneapolis, Minn.)
      to recover parasite ova, cysts, or larvae from 300 fecal specimens was compared
      with that of the Formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique. One hundred
      stool samples had previously been determined to contain 129 parasite forms. The
      FeKal system detected 127 parasites (sensitivity, 98.4%), and the Formalin-ethyl
      acetate sedimentation technique detected 125 parasites (sensitivity, 96.9%).
      Higher counts of parasite forms were obtained for 11 of 14 species of parasites
      in specimens prepared by the FeKal system. Four specimens were negative by the
      Formalin-ethyl acetate method and two by the FeKal system. These false-negative
      observations occurred in specimens with low counts of parasites. There were no
      false-positive results.

PMID- 4031034
TI  - Serum susceptibility of Haemophilus somnus from bovine clinical cases and
      carriers.
AB  - The serum susceptibility of 64 isolates of Haemophilus somnus from cattle was
      determined in a bactericidal assay with undiluted fresh or inactivated bovine
      serum with serial dilutions of bacterial suspension in RPMI 1640 medium. A total
      of 27 strains isolated from cattle with clinical disease (4 with thromboembolic
      meningoencephalitis, 13 with pneumonia, and 10 with reproductive failure) were
      compared with 35 strains from asymptomatic carriers (11 from the vagina and 24
      from the prepuce). Essentially, all clinical isolates were serum resistant,
      whereas approximately 25% of preputial isolates were serum susceptible, as judged
      after 1 h of incubation in serum; a majority of vaginal isolates showed delayed
      serum susceptibility. Lysozyme played no role in serum killing, and the
      alternative complement pathway played only a minor role. Iron saturation,
      however, appeared to impart greater serum resistance to serum-susceptible strains
      from the vagina and prepuce. Perhaps the serum-susceptible strains from carriers
      would be useful vaccine candidates, but resistant strains from carriers may be
      pathogenic.

PMID- 4031036
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Francisella tularensis with a modified
      Mueller-Hinton broth.
AB  - A modified Mueller-Hinton broth was developed to perform antimicrobial
      susceptibility tests on Francisella tularensis. Adequate growth of the organism
      was obtained within 24 h of inoculation, and MICs could be read at that time. We
      tested 15 selected strains of F. tularensis and five reference quality control
      strains in this medium with 36 antimicrobial agents. The MICs of the
      aminoglycosides and tetracycline increased 1 to 3 dilutions in this medium
      compared with those in the usual medium, but the other antimicrobial agents were
      not consistently affected by the medium. Even though the medium caused an
      increase in MICs, the aminoglycosides and tetracyclines remained very active in
      vitro against F. tularensis. Other antimicrobial agents effective in vitro were
      chloramphenicol, erythromycin, ceftazidime, moxalactam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone,
      and Sch 29482 (a cephalosporin).

PMID- 4031037
TI  - Aggregation of platelets by Fusobacterium necrophorum.
AB  - Broth cultures and washed cells of 13 of 24 bovine isolates of Fusobacterium
      necrophorum aggregated human platelets in platelet-rich plasma. The cell-free
      culture fluid was inactive. Bacteria stored at 4 degrees C in saline remained
      active for at least 3 months, but they did not release activity into the storage
      solution. Aggregation typically began within 1 min after the addition of 10(3)
      bacteria to 10(3) platelets was complete within 5.5 min. Assays for cytosolic
      lactic dehydrogenase revealed that platelet lysis did not occur. The release of
      [14C]serotonin from platelets preincubated with this amine accompanied
      aggregation, indicating that this was a typical aggregation-degranulation
      reaction. Platelet aggregation was inhibited by EDTA (88% at 2.0 mM), aspirin
      (75% inhibition at 1.0 mM), and quinacrine (80% inhibition at 0.25 mM). Thus the
      reaction was an ion-dependent, cyclooxygenase-sensitive event. Gel-filtered
      platelets were less sensitive to aggregation than were platelets in plasma, but
      this sensitivity was fully restored by the addition of plasma and partially
      restored with fibrinogen. Biotyping of the cultures revealed that none of the
      avirulent, B-type strains of F. necrophorum could aggregate platelets, whereas 13
      of 16 virulent A type strains were positive. These results suggest that platelet
      aggregation by F. necrophorum is related to the virulence of this organism.

PMID- 4031038
TI  - Simplified plaque reduction neutralization assay for dengue viruses by semimicro
      methods in BHK-21 cells: comparison of the BHK suspension test with standard
      plaque reduction neutralization.
AB  - A newly modified semimicro plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) in BHK
      cells was compared with a standard PRNT in bottles with LLC-MK2 monolayers and
      with an LLC-MK2 PRNT adapted to semimicro methods. The BHK semimicro PRNT
      compared favorably in terms of sensitivity in detecting dengue antibody (96%),
      specificity at a screening dilution (95%), and ability to detect seroconversion
      to dengue viruses of three serotypes (93%). Disagreements between the BHK test
      and the LLC-MK2 tests were attributed to greater sensitivity of the BHK test in
      detecting dengue type 2 (DEN-2) antibody in acute-phase sera and to apparent low
      level DEN-1/DEN-3 cross-reactions in some sera in all three tests. The BHK PRNT
      was easier, faster, and more economical than either of the LLC-MK2 tests. Many of
      the benefits of the BHK PRNT derive from the fact that cells are infected while
      still in suspension, at the time of cell splitting, hence the term "BHK
      suspension test."

PMID- 4031040
TI  - Experimental reproduction of Potomac horse fever in horses with a newly isolated
      Ehrlichia organism.
AB  - Potomac horse fever, a recently recognized disease of equines, characterized by
      high fever, leukopenia, and a profuse diarrhea, was studied for its etiology. An
      Ehrlichia organism was isolated in equine macrophage-fibroblast cell cultures and
      mouse macrophage cell cultures from the mononuclear cells of blood of infected
      horses. The agent was continuously propagated in mouse macrophage cell cultures.
      The organism multiplied in the cytoplasm of mouse macrophage cells and was
      identified by Giemsa staining, acridine orange staining, and by indirect
      immunofluorescence with convalescent sera from infected horses. The disease was
      experimentally reproduced in horses inoculated with Ehrlichia-infected cell
      culture material. The Ehrlichia organism was reisolated from the blood of these
      infected horses during the course of the disease. Antibody against the organism
      was detected in the sera of experimentally infected horses. This study confirmed
      that the new Ehrlichia organism is the etiological agent of Potomac horse fever.

PMID- 4031039
TI  - Subclass distribution and molecular form of immunoglobulin A hemagglutinin
      antibodies in sera and nasal secretions after experimental secondary infection
      with influenza A virus in humans.
AB  - Serum and nasal wash specimens from 13 human volunteers undergoing experimental
      secondary infection with influenza A/Peking/2/79 (H3N2) wild-type virus were
      examined for the molecular form and subclass distribution of immunoglobulin A
      (IgA) antibodies to the viral hemagglutinin (HA). Nasal IgA antibodies were
      polymeric and did not bind radiolabeled secretory component, indicating that they
      were secretory IgA antibodies. Both IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies were detected;
      however, IgA1 accounted for most of the rise in IgA anti-HA levels seen after
      infection. In serum virtually all of the IgA HA antibodies were of the IgA1
      subclass. Furthermore, the serum antibodies were predominantly polymeric and were
      capable of binding radiolabeled secretory component. These results suggested that
      the serum IgA antibodies to HA were of mucosal origin and that influenza A virus
      HA preferentially stimulates an IgA1 response.

PMID- 4031041
TI  - Clinical appearance of orofacial infections of odontogenic origin in relation to
      microbiological findings.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients with acute orofacial infections of odontogenic origin were
      classified into two groups with respect to the severity of infection. A total of
      174 anaerobic and 22 aerobic bacterial strains were isolated. Anaerobic gram
      negative rods were isolated more frequently from the patients with severe
      infections than from the patients with infections judged as mild (P less than
      0.05). The occurrence of Fusobacterium nucleatum especially appeared to be
      associated with the severity of the infections (P less than 0.05). Penicillin
      resistance among the anaerobes was rarely found, while resistance to erythromycin
      was a common finding. All aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were susceptible to
      clindamycin, and all obligate anaerobic bacteria were susceptible to
      nitroimidazoles.

PMID- 4031042
TI  - Modified trichrome staining technique with a xylene substitute.
AB  - Hemo-De was evaluated and found to be a suitable replacement for xylene in the
      Wheatly trichrome staining of polyvinyl alcohol-fixed fecal smears used in the
      microscopic identification of intestinal protozoans.

PMID- 4031043
TI  - Spontaneous occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus mutants with different
      pigmentation and ability to produce toxic shock syndrome toxin 1.
AB  - Spontaneous mutants that have pigmentation different than that of their parents
      were isolated from three Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with toxic
      shock syndrome. These mutants produced toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in amounts
      varying from less than 0.05 to greater than 25 times that produced by the
      parents. The occurrence of nonpigmented variants may be overlooked if only one
      isolate from a patient with toxic shock syndrome is selected for analysis.

PMID- 4031044
TI  - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 4 serotype O3 from canine sources in
      Italy.
AB  - Seventeen strains of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 4 serotype O3 were isolated
      from 63 apparently healthy puppies. Of these strains, 76.4% showed both multiple
      resistance to antimicrobial agents and lack of sorbose fermentation.

PMID- 4031046
TI  - How common is meningitis caused by anaerobic bacteria?

PMID- 4031045
TI  - Leptotrichia buccalis bacteremia in neutropenic children.
AB  - Two new cases of Leptotrichia buccalis bacteremia in seriously ill patients were
      described. The anaerobic, gram-negative microorganism L. buccalis was isolated
      from blood cultures of two children with severe leukopenia. Anaerobic organisms
      should be taken into account when a standard protective antibiotic chemotherapy
      is considered in the immunosuppressed host.

PMID- 4031047
TI  - Biotyping schemes for Campylobacter jejuni.

PMID- 4031048
TI  - Dissociation between mechanical performance and the cost of isometric tension
      maintenance in Lethocerus flight muscle.
AB  - A method for the continuous measurement of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase) by
      demembranated muscle fibres has been applied to isometrically held, glycerol
      extracted flight muscle fibres from the water-bug Lethocerus, under conditions of
      high MgATP, neutral pH, and varying ionic strength, Ca2+ and extension. These
      variables caused parallel changes in isometric tension and ATPase. The slope of
      ATPase upon tension (delta ATPase/delta Tension; incremental tension cost)
      remained the same upon extension at either different Ca2+ concentrations or
      different ionic strength. Isometric activation by Ca2+ gave a higher incremental
      tension cost. The calculated mechanical rate constant of the work-producing
      process, measured by the small-amplitude behaviour, was increased by either Ca2+
      or ionic strength, and little changed by extension; there was therefore a
      dissociation between its value and that of the incremental tension cost. The
      results appear to exclude a two-state crossbridge model for fibrillar insect
      flight muscle.

PMID- 4031049
TI  - Effect of quercetin on tension development by skinned fibres from frog skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - For proper interpretation of the results of drug-induced calcium release
      experiments with skinned fibres, it is necessary to know the direct effects of
      the drug on the contractile system. We examined the action of quercetin and its
      various solvents on mechanically skinned skeletal muscle fibre which is deprived
      of functioning sarcoplasmic reticulum by Triton X-100. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)
      at 1%, a solvent for quercetin, decreased reversibly Ca2+ sensitivity for the
      contractile system of frog skeletal muscle. Alcohol was similar to dimethyl
      sulphoxide. Polyethylene glycol was used as a solvent for quercetin, because the
      solvent at 1% was found to be inert to the pCa-tension relationship. Quercetin
      increased reversibly Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile system with the
      unchanged maximum tension, the pCa-tension relationship being less steep. Since
      quercetin did not change calcium binding to troponin C from rabbit skeletal
      muscle, the effect may be due to modified molecular interactions which follow
      calcium binding to troponin C. The drug might also affect the interaction between
      troponin subunits. Because DMSO did not affect calcium binding to troponin C,
      either DMSO also modulates the interaction between troponin subunits and/or it
      modulates molecular interactions after calcium binding which lead to tension
      development.

PMID- 4031050
TI  - Hysteresis of the mammalian pCa/tension relation is small and muscle specific.
AB  - Small but statistically significant shifts (hysteresis) between the up
      (increasing tension direction) and down (decreasing tension) pCa/tension relation
      for several muscle types of the rabbit and rat were found. The largest shift is,
      at most, 0.093 p units or 60% of that reported for the barnacle muscle. The
      direction of shift for psoas is opposite to that for the soleus and tibialis.

PMID- 4031052
TI  - Health promotion in the workplace.

PMID- 4031051
TI  - Excitation-contraction coupling and contractile properties in denervated rat EDL
      and soleus muscles.
AB  - The long-term (up to ten weeks) effects of denervation on isometric tension and
      potassium (K) contractures were studied in isolated bundles of fibres from rat
      extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles, at 21 degrees C, bathed in
      solutions with low concentrations of chloride ions (to reduce the effects of high
      membrane chloride conductance). The usual increases in twitch time course and
      twitch for tetanus ratio were attributed to changes in excitation-contraction
      coupling because both developed between one to three weeks after denervation.
      Transient changes during the first week in the time course of the twitch and
      twitch to tetanus ratio in EDL, and post-tetanic twitch size and specific tension
      in both muscles, were attributed to the surface membrane electrical properties
      which are maximally altered within three days after denervation. In contrast to
      results obtained in solutions of normal chloride concentration, the resting
      membrane potentials of chronically denervated fibres were hyperpolarized and
      spontaneous action potentials and fibrillations were seen. The time to the peak
      of the K-contracture was faster than normal and very slow inactivation kinetics
      appeared in the decay phase. Mechanical repriming was normally slower in EDL than
      in soleus but similar rates were seen in the two muscles after denervation. These
      changes in the K-contracture were not due to a change in the relationship between
      membrane potential and potassium ion concentration. It is concluded that
      denervation caused changes in the kinetics of mechanical activation, inactivation
      and repriming and that these aspects of excitation-contraction coupling are
      normally controlled by an influence of the motor nerve.

PMID- 4031053
TI  - The neglect of injury prevention.

PMID- 4031054
TI  - Epidemiological research, interest groups, and the review process.

PMID- 4031055
TI  - Non-smoking policies in hospitals.

PMID- 4031056
TI  - A comparison of dental treatment plans under different reimbursement systems.

PMID- 4031057
TI  - Apolipoprotein B-100 deficiency. Intestinal steatosis despite apolipoprotein B-48
      synthesis.
AB  - We describe a child, the issue of phenotypically normal parents, who had fat
      malabsorption, both intestinal and hepatic steatosis, and serum cholesterol and
      triglyceride concentrations of 38 and 63 mg/dl, respectively. Lipoprotein
      electrophoresis, Ouchterlony double diffusion, and electron microscopy
      demonstrated that normal low density lipoproteins (LDL: 1.006 less than rho less
      than 1.063 g/ml) were absent. Lipoprotein particles in the rho less than 1.006
      g/ml fraction were triglyceride rich, very large (93.2 +/- 35.1 nm), and
      contained the B-48 but not the B-100 apoprotein; both species of apolipoprotein
      (apo) B were found in the parents' lipoproteins. These chylomicrons and
      chylomicron remnants were present even in the patient's fasting plasma, which
      suggested prolonged dietary fat absorption. Plasma levels of high density
      lipoprotein lipids and proteins were low, and the
      phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratio was reduced as in typical
      abetalipoproteinemia. The monosialylated form of apo C-III was not identified on
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which suggested that this protein was
      elaborated only with very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). A radioimmunoassay for
      apo B employing a polyclonal antisera to plasma LDL gave apparent plasma apo B
      levels of 0.6, 66, and 57 mg/dl in the patient and his father and mother,
      respectively. The displacement curve generated by the parents' VLDL and LDL did
      not did not differ from control lipoproteins. The patient's chylomicron
      chylomicron remnant fraction displaced normal LDL over the entire
      radioimmunoassay range, but the efficiency of displacement was strikingly less
      than with B-100 containing lipoproteins. If the patient's B-48 protein is not
      qualitatively abnormal, these results confirm very limited immunochemical cross
      reactivity between at least one major epitope on B-100 and the epitopes expressed
      on B-48. The apo B defect in this patient appears to be recessive. It abolishes B
      100 production and may additionally limit the formation of B-48.

PMID- 4031058
TI  - Activation of factor XII-dependent pathways in human plasma by hematin and
      protoporphyrin.
AB  - Intravenous administration of hematin is effective in the treatment of acute
      exacerbations of the inducible porphyrias. In the course of such treatment,
      coagulopathies have occurred that are characterized by prolongation of
      prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and formation of fibrin split
      products. In experiments in vitro with normal human plasma, we observed that
      hematin and protoporphyrin activated Factor XII-dependent pathways of coagulation
      and fibrinolysis, and that they generated kallikrein activity. Incubation of
      protoporphyrin with purified Factor XII resulted in activation as measured by
      amidolysis of a chromogenic substrate. Neither coproporphyrin, uroporphyrin,
      delta-aminolevulinic acid, porphobilinogen, or bilirubin activated Factor XII
      dependent pathways. Exposure of serum containing added uroporphyrin,
      coproporphyrin, and protoporphyrin, but not hematin, to ultraviolet light (405
      nm) resulted in activation of the classical pathway of the complement system. On
      the other hand, exposure of plasma containing uroporphyrin or coproporphyrin to
      ultraviolet light did not result in activation of Factor XII-dependent pathways.

PMID- 4031059
TI  - Identification of gallbladder mucin-bilirubin complex in human cholesterol
      gallstone matrix. Effects of reducing agents on in vitro dissolution of matrix
      and intact gallstones.
AB  - The goals of this study were to isolate and characterize the nonlipid matrix of
      human cholesterol gallstones. The lipid portion of gallstones was dissolved in
      ethanol/ether, leaving an insoluble, granular, brown-black matrix that
      constituted 12.5% of solitary large stones and 3.5% of multiple small stones. The
      matrix was partially solubilized by sonication and studied by exclusion gel
      chromatography and density gradient ultracentrifugation. On Sepharose 2B column
      chromatography, bile pigment eluted with glycoprotein in the void volume,
      suggesting the presence of a high molecular weight complex (Mr greater than 2 X
      10(6)). The identity of mucin in this complex was confirmed by its typical
      buoyant density during ultracentrifugation. The major bile pigments in the matrix
      were identified as bilirubin (84%) and bilirubin monoglucuronide (15%) by thin
      layer chromatography. Because of their ability to solubilize mucin-type
      glycoproteins, we tested the ability of the reducing agents 2-mercaptoethanol
      (2ME) and N-acetylcysteine (NAcCys) to solubilize gallstone matrix. Both reducing
      agents caused a two- to threefold enhancement of matrix dissolution after 4 d
      compared to aqueous buffer alone (P less than 0.01). Sepharose 2B chromatography
      revealed that 2ME released a high molecular weight mucin-bilirubin complex as
      well as unbound pigment from the insoluble matrix. We also tested the effect of
      reducing agents on dissolution of matched cholesterol gallstones by monooctanoin,
      a cholesterol solvent. Both 2ME and NAcCys significantly accelerated gallstone
      dissolution in monooctanoin. Matched human cholesterol stones (n = 10) incubated
      for 4 d in monooctanoin plus either 2ME or NAcCys (1 M final concentration)
      weighed approximately half as much (P less than 0.01 for each) as stones
      incubated in monooctanoin alone. This study describes, for the first time, the
      isolation of a bilirubin-mucin complex in the insoluble matrix of human
      cholesterol gallstones. The ability of reducing agents to dissolve the matrix and
      thereby accelerate gallstone dissolution by monooctanoin in vitro may be relevant
      to gallstone dissolution in humans.

PMID- 4031060
TI  - Systemic complement activation, lung injury, and products of lipid peroxidation.
AB  - Previously we have demonstrated that systemic activation of the complement system
      after intravenous injection of cobra venom factor (CVF) results in acute lung
      injury as reflected by increases in the vascular permeability of the lung as well
      as by morphologic evidence of damage to lung vascular endothelial cells. In using
      the vascular permeability of the lung as the reference, the current studies show
      a quantitative correlation between lung injury and the appearance in plasma of
      lipid peroxidation products (conjugated dienes) as well as increased
      concentrations of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and one of its isoenzymes (LDH-4).
      After injection of CVF, extracts of lungs also showed elevated levels of
      conjugated dienes, whereas no elevations were found in extracts of liver, kidney,
      and spleen. There was no evidence in CVF-injected rats of renal or hepatic injury
      as reflected by the lack of development of proteinuria and the failure to detect
      increased serum levels of liver-related enzymes. Other peroxidation products
      identified in plasma of CVF-injected rats involved hydroperoxides and fluorescent
      compounds with features of Schiff bases. Not surprisingly, malondialdehyde was
      not found to be a reliable plasma indicator of lipid peroxidation associated with
      oxygen radical-mediated lung vascular injury. In using a model of oxygen radical
      independent lung injury induced by oleic acid, although large amounts of LDH and
      LDH-4 were found in the plasma, no increases in plasma levels of conjugated
      dienes were detected. In CVF-injected animals treated with interventions
      protective against lung injury (neutrophil depletion, catalase, hydroxyl radical
      scavengers, or iron chelators), there were striking reductions in the plasma
      levels of conjugated dienes, hydroperoxides, and fluorochromic products.
      Morphometric analysis of lung sections revealed that the protective interventions
      did not interfere with the accumulation of neutrophils in lung interstitial
      capillaries after systemic activation of complement. In vitro studies with
      phorbol-stimulated neutrophils failed to demonstrate appearance of conjugated
      dienes, suggesting that the dienes appearing in plasma of CVF-injected animals
      are not the result of autotoxic changes in neutrophils. The data presented in
      this paper suggest that acute lung injury mediated by oxygen radicals derived
      from phagocytic cells can be monitored by the appearance in plasma of products of
      lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 4031061
TI  - Antiadhesive properties of biological surfaces are protective against stimulated
      granulocytes.
AB  - Despite the fact that a series of endogenous and exogenous inflammatory mediators
      are potent activators of circulating granulocytes, damage of vascular
      endothelium, a primary target tissue, is a rather unusual event in systemic
      inflammatory states. Since mediator-induced neutrophil hyperadhesiveness on
      plastic tissue culture dishes is invariably accompanied by intense release of
      lysosomal granule constituents and respiratory burst activation, thus
      representing a powerful model to investigate neutrophil cytotoxic states,
      comparative studies with neutrophils suspended in autologous plasma in the
      presence or absence of N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (2.5 microM), the most potent
      adhesion inducer, were performed on different biologic surfaces. On optimally
      adherent closed monolayers of cultured endothelial cells or fibroblasts we
      observed poor stimulation of adhesion as well as minimal granule release and
      hexose monophosphate pathway activation. Functional behavior of neutrophils on
      single molecular components of basal laminas such as fibronectin and collagen
      (type IV) coats was intermediate, with positive adhesion promotion but markedly
      reduced metabolic activation. When tested on endothelial cell-derived
      extracellular matrices, neutrophils again showed functional nonresponsiveness to
      N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an impressive
      congruency between the degree of cellular spreading and metabolic activation in
      the presence of N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, with maximally flattened neutrophils on
      plastic vs. nonspread, polarized cells on monolayers. Identical results were
      obtained by using other adhesion inducers such as complement-activated plasma or
      endotoxin. Lack of cell injury by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-exposed neutrophils was
      corroborated by the absence of tracer release from [111In]tropolonate-labeled
      endothelium. These results indicate that biologic surfaces possess antiadhesive
      properties that protect them from cytotoxic damage by stimulated angry
      phagocytes.

PMID- 4031062
TI  - Paradoxical effects of pyrazinoate and nicotinate on urate transport in dog renal
      microvillus membranes.
AB  - The effects of pyrazinoate and nicotinate on urate transport in microvillus
      membrane vesicles isolated from canine renal cortex were evaluated. An outwardly
      directed gradient of pyrazinoate stimulated uphill urate accumulation, suggesting
      urate-pyrazinoate exchange. An inside-alkaline pH gradient stimulated uphill
      pyrazinoate accumulation, which suggested pyrazinoate-OH- exchange. Pyrazinoate
      OH- exchange and urate-OH- exchange were similarly sensitive to inhibitors,
      implying that both processes occur via the same transport system. In addition, an
      inward Na+ gradient stimulated uphill pyrazinoate accumulation, suggesting Na+
      pyrazinoate cotransport. Inhibitor studies demonstrated that Na+-pyrazinoate
      cotransport takes place via the same pathway that mediates Na+-lactate
      cotransport in these membrane vesicles. Previously we found that urate does not
      share this Na+-dependent cotransport pathway. Nicotinate inhibited transport of
      pyrazinoate by the anion exchange pathway and the Na+ cotransport pathway,
      suggesting that it is a substrate for both transport systems. Finally, in the
      presence of an inward Na+ gradient, low doses of pyrazinoate or nicotinate
      stimulated urate uptake, and higher doses of pyrazinoate or nicotinate inhibited
      urate accumulation, thereby mimicking in vitro the paradoxical effects of drugs
      on renal urate excretion that have been observed in vivo. These findings indicate
      that the paradoxical effect of uricosuric drugs at low doses to cause urate
      retention may result at least in part from stimulation of urate reabsorption
      across the luminal membrane of the proximal tubular cell.

PMID- 4031063
TI  - Development of an integrated model for analysis of the kinetics of apolipoprotein
      B in plasma very low density lipoproteins, intermediate density lipoproteins, and
      low density lipoproteins.
AB  - To quantify more precisely the metabolism of apolipoprotein B (apo B) in human
      beings, an integrated model was developed for the analysis of the isotope
      kinetics of apo B in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density
      lipoproteins (IDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL). The experimental basis
      for model development was a series of 30 triple-isotope studies in which patients
      received autologous 131I-VLDL, 125I-IDL, and [3H]glycerol as a precursor of VLDL
      triglycerides. The currently proposed model contains the following components:
      (a) a VLDL delipidation cascade that has a variable number of subcompartments,
      (b) a slowly catabolized pool of VLDL, (c) an IDL compartment consisting of two
      closely connected subcompartments, one of which is outside the immediate
      circulation, and (d) a two-compartment subsystem for LDL. Because mass data
      indicate that not all VLDL were converted to LDL, the model allows for
      irreversible removal of apo B from VLDL (or IDL) subsystems. It accounts for
      apparent "direct" input of LDL by postulating an early, rapidly metabolized
      compartment of VLDL that is converted directly to IDL. The model appears to be
      consistent with specific activity curves from the current triple-isotope studies
      and with present concepts of lipoprotein physiology; it also can be used to
      quantify pathways of lipoprotein apo B transport in normal and abnormal states.

PMID- 4031064
TI  - Influence of obesity on the metabolism of apolipoprotein B in humans.
AB  - The influence of obesity on the metabolism of apolipoprotein B (apo B) in very
      low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) was investigated in nine obese and seven nonobese Pima
      Indian men. Kinetics of VLDL-apo B (VLDL-B), VLDL-triglycerides, IDL-B and LDL-B
      were studied after injection of autologous 131I-VLDL, [3H]glycerol, and
      autologous 125I-LDL. Specific activities were measured in apo B isolated from all
      lipoprotein fractions and in triglyceride isolated from VLDL. Transport rates and
      fractional catabolic rates for apo B in VLDL, IDL, and LDL and triglyceride in
      VLDL were determined by multicompartmental analysis. This method also allowed the
      estimation of rates of interconversions of the lipoproteins. The two groups had
      similar mean ages and heights, but the obese group had a higher total body weight
      (131 +/- 14 vs. 66 +/- 3 kg +/- SEM) and fat free mass (81 +/- 5 vs. 54 +/- 2 kg)
      than lean controls. Plasma total lipids were similar for the two groups, and apo
      B concentrations in VLDL, IDL, and LDL were similar in obese and lean subjects.
      In spite of similarity in concentrations, obese subjects compared to lean
      subjects had higher synthetic rates of VLDL-triglyceride (62.6 +/- 15 vs. 26.2 +/
      7 g/d, P less than 0.01), VLDL-B (2,241 +/- 215 vs. 1,113 +/- 72 mg/d, P less
      than 0.001), and LDL-B (1,234 +/- 87 vs. 802 +/- 83 mg/d, P less than 0.01).
      Furthermore, in obese subjects, significantly higher amounts of VLDL-B were
      removed from the circulation without conversion to LDL-B (1,078 +/- 159 vs. 460
      +/- 34 mg/d, P less than 0.05), and obese subjects had a higher fractional
      catabolic rate for LDL than the lean controls (0.48 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.02 d
      1, P less than 0.05). The rapid catabolism of LDL and increased metabolism of
      VLDL without conversion to LDL in obese individuals may be mechanisms for
      maintenance of LDL at normal levels despite the overproduction of its precursor.

PMID- 4031065
TI  - Diminished type I collagen synthesis and reduced alpha 1(I) collagen messenger
      RNA in cultured fibroblasts from patients with dominantly inherited (type I)
      osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - Type I osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized clinically by a moderate
      fracture frequency with minimal bone deformity and dominant inheritance. Previous
      studies of the collagenous proteins synthesized by dermal fibroblasts obtained
      from unrelated patients with this form of OI suggested that the biochemical basis
      of the disease was reduced production of type I collagen. This study was designed
      to determine if this biochemical finding segregated with the disease within an
      individual family. Dermal fibroblast strains were established from three
      generations of a family having the typical features of type I OI. Analysis of the
      collagenous proteins made in culture revealed an elevated alpha 1(III) to alpha
      1(I) collagen type ratio and an elevated alpha 1(I) to alpha 2(I) collagen chain
      ratio. The procollagen that accumulated in the medium reflected these ratios to
      the same degree. Total collagen synthesis was significantly reduced in affected
      family members. Therefore, the most striking abnormality in affected members was
      a 50-75% reduction of type I collagen production. Furthermore, the ratio of the
      alpha 1(I)/alpha 2(I) collagen messenger RNA (mRNA), measured by dot
      hybridization, was one-half of the value of uninvolved family members and
      unrelated controls. Since the reduction in the production of type I collagen and
      the altered alpha 1(I)/alpha 2(I) mRNA ratio clearly segregated with affected
      individuals within this family, these biochemical measurements may be a useful
      genetic marker for type I OI.

PMID- 4031066
TI  - Regional alveolar pressure during periodic flow. Dual manifestations of gas
      inertia.
AB  - We measured pressure excursions at the airway opening and at the alveoli (PA) as
      well as measured the regional distribution of PA during forced oscillations of
      six excised dog lungs while frequency (f[2-32 Hz]), tidal volume (VT [5-80 ml]),
      and mean transpulmonary pressure (PL [25, 10, and 6 cm H2O]) were varied. PA's
      were measured in four alveolar capsules glued to the pleura of different lobes.
      The apex-to-base ratio of PA's was used as an index of the distribution of
      dynamic lung distension. At low f, there was slight preferential distension of
      the lung base which was independent of VT, but at higher f, preferential
      distension of the lung apex was found when VT's were small, whereas preferential
      distension of the lung base was found when VT's approached or exceeded dead
      space. These VT-related changes in distribution at high frequencies seem to
      depend upon the branching geometry of the central airways and the relative
      importance of convective momentum flux vs. unsteady inertia of gas residing
      therein, which, in this study, we showed to be proportional to the ratio VT/VD*,
      where VD* is an index of dead space. Furthermore, they imply substantial
      alteration in the distribution of ventilation during high frequency ventilation
      as f, VT, and PL vary. The data also indicate that alveolar and airway opening
      pressure costs per unit flow delivered at the airway opening exhibit weakly
      nonlinear behavior and that resonant amplification of PA's, which has been
      described previously for the case of very small VT's, persists but is damped as
      VT's approach dead space values.

PMID- 4031067
TI  - Modulation of phosphate absorption by calcium in the rabbit proximal convoluted
      tubule.
AB  - Proximal convoluted (S2) and straight (S3) renal tubule segments were studied to
      determine the effect of Ca on lumen-to-bath phosphate flux (JlbPO4). Increasing
      bath and perfusate Ca from 1.8 to 3.6 mM enhanced JlbPO4 from 3.3 +/- 0.7 to 6.6
      +/- 0.6 pmol/mm per min in S2 segments (P less than 0.001) but had no effect in
      S3 segments. Decreasing bath and perfusate Ca from 1.8 to 0.2 mM reduced JlbPO4
      from 3.7 +/- 0.6 to 2.2 +/- 0.6 in S2 segments. These effects were unrelated to
      changes in fluid absorption and transepithelial potential difference. Increasing
      cytosolic Ca with a Ca ionophore, inhibiting the Ca-calmodulin complex with
      trifluoperazine, or applying the Ca channel blocker nifedipine had no effect on
      JlBPO4 in S2 segments. Increasing only bath Ca from 1.8 to 3.6 mM did not
      significantly affect JlbPO4. However, increasing only perfusate Ca enhanced
      JlbPO4 from 3.4 +/- 0.7 to 6.1 +/- 0.7 pmol/mm per min (P less than 0.005).
      Inhibition of hydrogen ion secretion, by using a low bicarbonate, low pH
      perfusate, both depressed base-line JlbPO4 and abolished the stimulatory effect
      of raising perfusate Ca. Net phosphate efflux (JnetPO4) also increased after
      ambient calcium levels were raised, ruling out a significant increase in PO4
      backflux. When net sodium transport was abolished by reducing the bath
      temperature to 24 degrees C, JnetPO4 at normal ambient calcium was reduced and
      increasing ambient calcium failed to increase it, ruling out a simple
      physicochemical reaction wherein phosphate precipitates out of solution with
      calcium. The present studies provide direct evidence for a stimulatory effect of
      Ca on sodium-dependent PO4 absorption in the proximal convoluted tubule, exerted
      at the luminal membrane. It is postulated that Ca modulates the affinity of the
      PO4 transporter for the anion.

PMID- 4031068
TI  - Induction of the insulin proreceptor by hydrocortisone in cultured lymphocytes
      (IM-9 line).
AB  - Hydrocortisone increases the number of insulin receptors at the surface of human
      cultured lymphocytes (IM-9 line) without altering the degradation of the mature
      receptor subunits. To elucidate the effect of glucocorticoids on the biosynthesis
      of the insulin receptor of IM-9 cells, we preincubated cells in the presence or
      absence of hydrocortisone (1.4 X 10(-6) M) and measured the incorporation of
      radiolabeled sugars into the insulin receptor components. From 6 to 22 h, there
      was a progressive increase in the incorporation of [3H]mannose into the insulin
      proreceptor (190,000 mol wt) and the mature subunits (210,000, 135,000, and
      95,000 mol wt). The amount incorporated into hydrocortisone-treated cells was
      always three to four times higher than in control cells, despite no change in
      cell number, viability, or radioactive sugar pool. To test directly the earliest
      effect of hydrocortisone, we undertook pulse-chase studies. The incorporation of
      [3H]mannose into the insulin receptor precursor and the mature subunits was
      detectable as early as 30 min of chase and was two to three times higher in
      hydrocortisone-treated cells at any time point of incubation. In both groups, the
      increase into the proreceptor (190,000 mol wt) peaked by 60 min and decreased
      rapidly thereafter (half disappearance rate, 45 min); there was a sustained
      increase of incorporation into the two major mature subunits (135,000 and 95,000
      mol wt) throughout the 4-h chase. Hydrocortisone represents the first
      pharmacologic agent shown to induce the synthesis of the insulin proreceptor.
      Further, we present a model system designed to study other agents that may act at
      a very early step in insulin receptor biosynthesis.

PMID- 4031069
TI  - Biosynthesis of bile acids in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Relationship of
      bile acid pool sizes and synthesis rates to hydroxylations at C-12, C-25, and C
      26.
AB  - To examine the defect in side-chain oxidation during the formation of bile acids
      in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, we measured in vitro hepatic microsomal
      hydroxylations at C-12 and C-25 and mitochondrial hydroxylation at C-26 and
      related them to the pool size and synthesis rates of cholic acid and
      chenodeoxycholic acid as determined by the isotope dilution technique. Hepatic
      microsomes and mitochondria were prepared from seven subjects with
      cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and five controls. Primary bile acid synthesis was
      markedly reduced in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis as follows: cholic acid, 133
      +/- 30 vs. 260 +/- 60 mg/d in controls; and chenodeoxycholic acid, 22 +/- 10 vs.
      150 +/- 30 mg/d in controls. As postulated for chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis,
      mitochondrial 26-hydroxylation of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol was
      present in all specimens and was 30-fold more active than the corresponding
      microsomal 25-hydroxylation. However, mean mitochondrial 26-hydroxylation of 5
      beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha-diol was less active in cerebrotendinous
      xanthomatosis than in controls: 59 +/- 17 compared with 126 +/- 21 pmol/mg
      protein per min. As for cholic acid synthesis, microsomal 25-hydroxylation of 5
      beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol was substantially higher in
      cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and control preparations (620 +/- 103 and 515 +/-
      64 pmol/mg protein per min, respectively) than the corresponding control
      mitochondrial 26-hydroxylation of the same substrate (165 +/- 25 pmol/mg protein
      per min). Moreover in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, mitochondrial 5 beta
      cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol-26-hydroxylase activity was one-seventh
      as great as in controls. Hepatic microsomal 12 alpha-hydroxylation, which may be
      rate-controlling for the cholic acid pathway, was three times more active in
      cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis than in controls: 1,600 vs. 500 pmol/mg protein
      per min. These results demonstrate severely depressed primary bile acid synthesis
      in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis with a reduction in chenodeoxycholic acid
      formation and pool size disproportionately greater than that for cholic acid. The
      deficiency of chenodeoxycholic acid can be accounted for by hyperactive
      microsomal 12 alpha-hydroxylation that diverts precursors into the cholic acid
      pathway combined with decreased side-chain oxidation (mitochondrial 26
      hydroxylation). However, side-chain oxidation in cholic acid biosynthesis may be
      initiated via microsomal 25-hydroxylation of 5beta-cholestane
      3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol was substantially lower in control and
      cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis liver. Thus, separate mechanisms may exist for the
      cleavage of the cholesterol side chain in cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 4031070
TI  - Markedly increased circulating pyridoxal-5'-phosphate levels in hypophosphatasia.
      Alkaline phosphatase acts in vitamin B6 metabolism.
AB  - Markedly increased circulating concentrations of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)
      were found in each of 14 patients representing all clinical forms of
      hypophosphatasia, an inborn error characterized by deficient activity of the
      tissue nonspecific (bone/liver/kidney) isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (AP).
      The mean PLP concentration in plasma was 1174 nM (range, 214-3839 nM) in the
      patients and 57 +/- 26 nM (mean +/- SD) in 38 control subjects. In four affected
      children, urinary excretion of the PLP degradation product, 4-pyridoxic acid, was
      unremarkable during consumption of normal quantities of dietary vitamin B6. Our
      findings identify increased circulating PLP concentration as a marker for
      hypophosphatasia and provide further evidence that tissue nonspecific AP acts in
      vitamin B6 metabolism. Tissue nonspecific AP appears to function as an ectoenzyme
      to regulate extracellular but not intracellular levels of PLP substrate.
      Performing assays of circulating PLP concentration alone to assess vitamin B6
      nutrition may be misleading in disorders associated with altered AP activity.

PMID- 4031071
TI  - Substrate cycling between gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in euthyroid,
      hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid man.
AB  - Substrate, or futile cycles, have been hypothesized to be under hormonal control,
      and important in metabolic regulation and thermogenesis. To define the role of
      thyroid hormones in the regulation of substrate cycling in glycolysis and
      gluconeogenesis, we measured rates of cycling in normal (n = 4), hypothyroid (n =
      5), and hyperthyroid (n = 5) subjects employing a stable isotope turnover
      technique. Glucose labeled with deuterium at different positions (2-D1-, 3-D1-,
      and 6,6-D2-glucose) was given as a primed-constant infusion in tracer doses, and
      arterialized plasma samples were obtained and analyzed by gas-chromatography mass
      spectrometry for the steady state enrichment of glucose that was labeled at the
      various positions. The rate of appearance (Ra) was then calculated for each
      isotopic tracer. The difference between the Ra determined by 2-D1-glucose (Ra2)
      and the Ra determined by 3-D1-glucose (Ra3) represents the substrate cycling rate
      (SCR) between glucose and glucose-6-phosphate. The difference between the Ra
      determined by 3-D1-glucose (Ra3) and the Ra determined by 6,6-D2-glucose (Ra6)
      represents the SCR between fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-diphosphate. The
      difference between Ra2 and Ra6 represents the combined SCR of both cycles. In
      normal subjects (serum thyroxine [T4] = 8.4 +/- 1.2 microgram/dl (all
      expressions, mean +/- SD), n = 4), the rates of appearance for Ra2, Ra3, and Ra6
      were 3.23 +/- 0.56, 2.64 +/- 0.50, and 2.00 +/- 0.27 mg/kg X min, respectively,
      whereas those in the hypothyroid subjects (T4 = 1.0 +/- 0.8 microgram/dl; n = 5)
      were 1.77 +/- 0.56 (P less than 0.01), 1.52, 1.57 +/- 0.31 (P less than 0.05)
      mg/kg X min, respectively. Conversely, the rates of appearance for Ra2 and Ra6 in
      the hyperthyroid subjects (T4 = 23.9 +/- 3.6 micrograms/dl) were 3.94 +/- 0.43 (P
      less than 0.05) and 2.54 +/- 0.22 (P less than 0.02), respectively, compared with
      the normal subjects. On the basis of these data, we noted that the normal
      subjects had a combined SCR of 1.23 +/- 0.35 mg/kg X min. In contrast, the
      hypothyroid patients had a significantly decreased combined SCR, 0.20 +/- 0.54
      mg/kg X min (P less than 0.02). The hyperthyroid patients had a combined SCR of
      1.39 +/- 0.23 mg/kg X min (P less than NS). To determine whether these cycles
      responded to thyroid hormone treatment, these same hypothyroid subjects were
      acutely treated for 1 wk with parenteral 50 micrograms/d sodium L
      triiodothyronine and chronically with 100-150 micrograms/d L-thyroxine. After 7
      d, their mean oxygen consumption rate and carbon dioxide production rate
      increased significantly from 102+/-13 micromol/kg.min, to 147+/-34
      micromol/kg.min (P<0.05), and from 76+/-13 micromol/kg.min to 111+/-19
      micromol/kg.min (P<0.05), respectively. The combined SCR (Ra(2)--Ra(6) remained
      unchanged at 0.07+/-0.37 mg/kg.min. However, after 6 mo of oral L-thyroxine
      therapy (T(4)=9.5+/-1.4 microgram/kl) the treated hypothyroid patients had
      increased their combined SCR (Ra(2)--Ra(6)) to 0.86 +/-0.23 mg/kg.min (P<0.02), a
      value not significantly different from the combined SCR of normal subjects. We
      conclude that substrate cycling between glucose and glucose-6-phosphate and
      between fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-diphosphate occurs in man and is
      affected by thyroid hormone. Substrate cycles may represent a mechanism by which
      thyroid hormone alters the sensitivity of certain reactions to metabolic signals.

PMID- 4031072
TI  - Effect of arginine vasopressin on renal medullary blood flow. A videomicroscopic
      study in the rat.
AB  - The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the regulation of renal medullary blood
      flow is uncertain. To determine if AVP has a direct vasoconstrictive action on
      vasa recta, the effect of AVP on erythrocyte velocity (VRBC), diameter, and blood
      flow (QVR) in descending vasa recta (DVR) and ascending vasa recta (AVR) was
      studied in the exposed renal papilla of four groups of chronically water diuretic
      rats using fluorescence videomicroscopy. There were three periods: control
      (period 1), experimental (period 2), and recovery (period 3). In periods 1 and 3,
      all groups received hypotonic saline. In period 2, group I rats (AVP) received
      AVP (45 ng/h per kg body wt); group II (time) received hypotonic saline alone;
      group III (AVP plus V1-inhibitor) received AVP plus its vascular antagonist,
      d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP; and group IV (V1-inhibitor) received the vascular antagonist
      alone. Another group of rats (group V) was employed to demonstrate that the rise
      in blood pressure induced by a 3- or 10-ng/kg injection of AVP was virtually
      abolished by the prior infusion of the V1-inhibitor. The urine of group III as
      well as group I rats was concentrated (Uosm = 721 +/- 62 H2O vs. 670 +/- 39
      mosM/kg), while urine remained dilute in groups II and IV. In period 2, VRBC and
      QVR in DVR and AVR decreased in group I, did not decrease in group III, and
      increased in groups II and IV. The vascular antagonist thus completely abolished
      the AVP-induced decrease in QVR in group III. These findings unequivocally
      establish that AVP in physiological amounts reduces medullary blood flow, at
      least in part, by a direct vasoconstrictive action on the medullary
      microcirculation. They also show that an effect of AVP on medullary blood flow is
      not necessary for its antidiuretic effect.

PMID- 4031073
TI  - Effect of Reye's syndrome serum on isolated chinchilla liver mitochondria.
AB  - A general impairment of liver mitochondrial enzymes is central to Reye's syndrome
      (RS). The respiration of isolated liver mitochondria was measured after the
      addition of concentrated normal serum or RS serum derived from 12 patients. RS
      serum stimulates oxygen consumption in isolated rat liver mitochondria. This
      effect is due to the oxidation of uric acid by peroxisomes contaminating the
      preparation and a stimulation of mitochondrial respiration (1.05 +/- 0.14 nmol of
      O2/min X mg of protein; control 0.30 +/- 0.08 nmol O2/min X mg). The stimulation
      of respiration occurs in the presence of all respiratory substrates, is dependent
      on the amount of serum added, and represents an uncoupling of oxidative
      phosphorylation. RS serum reduces ATP formation by 15-76%. The uncoupling effect
      correlates with the amount of free fatty acid in the serum sample and resembles
      the effect induced by the addition of a dicarboxylic fatty acid. Dicarboxylic
      fatty acids, especially long-chain dicarboxylic acids, impair ATP formation.
      Dicarboxylic acids were found in the serum of all RS patients and comprised as
      much as 54% of the total serum free fatty acids. 90% of the serum dicarboxylic
      acids were of 16-18 carbon lengths. The amount of dicarboxylic acids in the RS
      serum corresponded directly with the reduction in ATP formation by the RS serum.
      This demonstrates that dicarboxylic acids occur in RS and may be important in the
      general impairment of mitochondrial function in RS and other disorders where they
      are present.

PMID- 4031074
TI  - Contribution of individual superficial nephron segments to ammonium handling in
      chronic metabolic acidosis in the rat. Evidence for ammonia disequilibrium in the
      renal cortex.
AB  - Ammonia entry along surface nephron segments of rats was studied with
      micropuncture techniques under control and chronic metabolic acidosis conditions.
      Tubule fluid was collected successively from sites at the end and beginning of
      the distal tubule and at the end of the proximal tubule of the same nephron.
      During chronic metabolic acidosis, ammonium excretion doubled. As anticipated,
      the ammonium concentration (TFNH+4) was significantly higher in proximal tubule
      fluid during acidosis, and ammonium delivery to end proximal sites increased from
      19.4 +/- 2.3 to 34.0 +/- 3.2 pmol/min (P less than 0.001). Although chronic
      acidosis did not affect TFNH+4 at the beginning of the distal tubule, ammonium
      delivery to the end of the distal tubule increased from 5.72 +/- 0.97 to 9.88 +/-
      0.97 pmol/min. In both control and acidotic groups ammonium delivery was lower (P
      less than 0.001) to end distal sites than to end proximal sites, indicating net
      loss in the intervening segment. This loss was greater during chronic metabolic
      acidosis (23.9 +/- 3.3 vs. 13.6 +/- 2.0 pmol/min in controls, P less than 0.025).
      In both groups net entry of ammonia, in similar amounts, occurred along the
      distal tubule (P less than 0.05). In situ pH averaged 6.80 +/- 0.05 at end
      proximal tubule sites and fell to 6.54 +/- 0.08 at the beginning of the distal
      tubule (P less than 0.005). Chronic metabolic acidosis did not affect these
      measurements. The calculated free ammonia at the end of the proximal tubule rose
      from 9.3 +/- 2.2 to 21 +/- 9 microM (P less than 0.005) during chronic metabolic
      acidosis, and was also higher at beginning distal sites during acidosis (8.8 +/-
      2.4 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.7 microM in controls, P less than 0.05). In both groups ammonia
      values for the beginning distal tubule fluid were lower than for end proximal
      tubule fluid. Thus, loss of ammonium in the loop segment is enhanced by chronic
      metabolic acidosis. Distal entry of ammonia is markedly less than along the
      proximal tubule and does not change in chronic metabolic acidosis, and ammonia
      permeabilities for the proximal and distal segments of surface nephrons seem
      different.

PMID- 4031076
TI  - Coming of age: developmental pediatrics in the late twentieth century.

PMID- 4031075
TI  - Metabolic effect of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine in cultured growth hormone-producing
      rat pituitary tumor cells. Evidence for a unique mechanism of thyroid hormone
      action.
AB  - Physiologic levels of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) are generally believed to
      have minimal metabolic effects in the pituitary gland and other tissues. In the
      present studies, the regulatory role of rT3 and other thyroid hormones on
      iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase (I5'D) activity was studied in a growth hormone
      producing rat pituitary tumor cell line (GH3 cells). I5'D activity was thiol
      dependent and displayed nonlinear reaction kinetics suggesting the presence of
      two enzymatic processes, one having a low Michaelis constant (Km for thyroxine
      [T4] of 2 nM) and a second with a high Km value (0.9 microM). Growth of cells in
      hormone-depleted medium resulted in a two- to 3.5-fold increase in low Km I5'D
      activity (P less than 0.001). The addition of thyroid hormones to the culture
      medium resulted in a rapid, dose-dependent inhibition of low Km I5'D activity
      with the following order of analogue potency: rT3 greater than or equal to T4
      greater than 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). Using serum-free culture conditions,
      rT3 was approximately 50 times more active than T3. These inhibitory effects were
      noted within 15 min of hormone addition and could not be attributed to substrate
      competition with T4. These findings suggest that the control of T4 to T3
      conversion by thyroid hormones in the anterior pituitary gland is mediated by a
      unique cellular mechanism that is independent of the nuclear T3 receptor; and
      under some circumstances, rT3 may play a regulatory role in controlling this
      enzymatic process.

PMID- 4031077
TI  - What is the science base for behavioral pediatrics?

PMID- 4031078
TI  - The role of the pediatrician in the delivery of behavioral services.

PMID- 4031080
TI  - Critical issues in behavioral pediatric training.

PMID- 4031079
TI  - Behavioral pediatrics: interaction with other disciplines.

PMID- 4031081
TI  - Comments on teaching developmental pediatrics and behavioral pediatrics.

PMID- 4031082
TI  - Behavioral pediatrics in the examinations of the American Board of Pediatrics.

PMID- 4031083
TI  - Blood-injury-illness phobia: a review.
AB  - The empirical literature that pertains to phobias of blood, injury, or illness
      (BII) is surveyed. BII phobia is selectively associated with a vasovagal fainting
      response upon exposure to phobic stimuli, and the clinical entity may represent
      an exaggeration of a response that is relatively prevalent in the general
      population. Clinical, demographic and etiological information obtained from a
      series of 15 BII phobics is presented, and the suggestion is made that this
      disorder warrants a diagnostic category separate from simple phobia.

PMID- 4031084
TI  - Ethnicity and life event cognitive appraisals and experiences.
AB  - This study compared the cognitive appraisals and incident ratings of urban
      American Indians (N = 50), Anglo-Americans (N = 50), and Hispanics (N = 47) on a
      revised version of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). Results indicated
      no overall significant differences among the three ethnic groups. However, on
      comparison of individual life events items, the groups differed significantly on
      the cognitive appraisal of 8 items and on the incidence of 10 items. Of these
      items, only 2 overlapped between cognitive appraisals and actual incidence.
      Results are discussed in terms of potential use of the revised SRRS with these
      ethnic groups in future research on the relationship between life events and
      physical and psychological disorders.

PMID- 4031085
TI  - Affective disorders and depression as measured by the Diagnostic Interview
      Schedule and the Beck Depression Inventory in an unselected adult population.
AB  - Rates, demographic correlates, and differential symptomatic expression as a
      function of gender of affective disorders and depression as measured by the
      Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were
      examined in 298 paid adult volunteers selected by the random digit dialing
      method. According to the DIS, 7.7% were diagnosed as current affective disorder,
      6% as current primary unipolar depression, 23.5% as lifetime affective disorder,
      and 19.5% as lifetime primary unipolar depression. According to the BDI, 19.8%
      scored depressed: 10.7% as mildly, 5.0% moderately, and 4.0% severely depressed,
      respectively. Of 11 demographic variables whose relation to DIS diagnoses were
      examined in a multivariate context, only occupation was correlated significantly
      with current primary unipolar depression. Of the same variables whose relation to
      BDI score was examined, education and race were correlated significantly with BDI
      score. There was no evidence of differential symptomatic expression as a function
      of gender as measured by lifetime diagnosis of primary unipolar depression on the
      DIS.

PMID- 4031086
TI  - The Unpleasant Events Schedule: a scale for the measurement of aversive events.
AB  - This paper reports reliability and validity data on the Unpleasant Events
      Schedule (UES), a 320-item scale that assesses stressful life events. The UES
      assesses both the frequency and aversiveness of events within a 1-month time
      frame. Rational, empirical, and factorial scales were derived from the UES. Of
      these, nine scales were retained that were mutually independent, demonstrated
      good internal reliability, and tapped various dimensions of clinical interest. A
      short 53-item form of the UES also was developed. The UES correlated moderately
      (r = .37) with depression. A discriminant analysis revealed that the UES
      contributed significantly above and beyond scores on the PES (MacPhillamy &
      Lewinsohn, 1982) to the proportion of variance in discriminating depressed from
      nondepressed subjects.

PMID- 4031087
TI  - Psychological assessment in chronic pain.
AB  - Assessment of psychological status in chronic pain patients is an important
      aspect of evaluation and treatment in pain management programs. Unfortunately,
      most of the psychological tests used in common practice have not been used
      extensively with chronic pain patients. Normative and comparative data must be
      generated to allow for valid and efficient psychometric assessment. The present
      paper is a preliminary comparison of several instruments of potential usefulness
      in the assessment of anxiety and depression among pain patients (N = 34). The SCL
      90-R appeared to offer the best combination of relevant data and efficient
      assessment. However, it was noted that there were significant intercorrelations
      among the SCL-90-R subscales, which suggests a unitary factor structure.

PMID- 4031088
TI  - Interrelationships of locus of control content dimensions and hopelessness.
AB  - Items from three locus of control (LOC) tests and the Beck Hopelessness Scale
      were administered to 197 college students. Factor analyses produced multiple
      factors for each LOC test, but the Beck scale proved to be unidimensional. Factor
      scales were constructed for each test, and scores were factor analyzed to
      discover common content. Each LOC test contained a salient dimension that
      described belief in luck, chance, or fate, and corresponding scales were well
      correlated. Internal control was the second common theme, with variations
      according to whether control was attributed to oneself or to people in general.
      The third common component expressed a personal helplessness or powerlessness.
      Each common factor was loaded by the Hopelessness Scale, which also correlated
      with all but one LOC factor scale.

PMID- 4031089
TI  - Memory span and long-term memory deficits in brain-impaired patients.
AB  - Measures of verbal and visuospatial memory span and long-term memory were
      obtained from 21 brain-impaired and 21 neurologically unimpaired Veterans
      Administration medical patients. Significant deficits in both memory span and
      long-term memory were observed in the brain-impaired patients. Contrary to
      predictions from the experimental literature, memory span tests that require more
      processing of item content and location were not superior in detecting the memory
      span deficits. Discriminant function analyses revealed that measures of verbal
      and visuospatial long-term memory provided unique discrimination between the
      brain-impaired and unimpaired patients. However, when memory span measures were
      analyzed alone, inclusion of more than one measure of memory span did not provide
      additional unique discrimination. Implications for the clinical assessment of
      memory functioning are discussed.

PMID- 4031090
TI  - The relationship of age to performance on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological
      Battery.
AB  - The effect of age upon the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) was
      studied by administering the LNNB and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale to
      three groups of subjects: A group aged 17-30, a group aged 50-55, and a group
      aged 65 and older. No subject had any history of brain pathology or psychotic
      emotional disturbance. Two of the Luria-Nebraska subtests, the Motor and Visual,
      showed a significant sex-effect in that males performed better than females. Age
      was related significantly to performance on 11 of 16 Luria Nebraska subscales;
      older subjects rather consistently showed poorer performance than younger
      subjects. When intelligence (i.e., Wechsler IQs) and education were controlled
      statistically, partial correlations still revealed that age had significant
      effects upon 13 of 16 Luria-Nebraska subscales. These results closely parallel
      earlier data that concern age-effects on the Luria-Nebraska Battery.

PMID- 4031091
TI  - Test-retest stability of the WAIS-R in a clinical sample.
AB  - This study assessed WAIS-R test-retest stability for a sample of 21 psychiatric
      and neurological patients. The test-retest interval ranged from 2 weeks to 144
      weeks, with a mean of 38 weeks. Subtest stability coefficients were highly
      significant; only Similarities, r(19) = .45, p less than .05, fell below a
      correlation of .74. The Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs yielded highly
      significant stability coefficients (.79, .88, and .86). Nevertheless, the range
      of gain or loss for any single individual was comparatively large. On the Full
      Scale IQ, 18 of 21 (86%) subjects showed changes of 3 points or more, and 8 of 21
      (38%) actually changed IQ classifications. Gain or loss in total score was
      unrelated to initial level of brightness on the Full Scale, age at initial
      testing, or days between examinations. Conversely, gain or loss on the Full Scale
      was associated strongly with years of education, r(19) = .55, p less than .01.
      When the sample was divided into brain-damaged and psychiatric subgroups, the
      difference in retest gain on the Full Scale IQ was nonsignificant.

PMID- 4031092
TI  - The specificity of childhood problem behavior for adolescent and young adult
      maladjustment.
AB  - A longitudinal sample of 1130 low peer choice grade school children were followed
      through record sources into young adulthood. Specific childhood problem behavior
      clusters were examined in relationship to delinquency, adult criminality, and
      mental health treatment contact. Childhood aggression, in the context of peer
      rejection, was related significantly to delinquency for males, an antisocial
      diagnosis for both sexes, and differentiated subjects in the judicial system from
      those in the mental health system. A childhood "neurological" scale
      differentiated subjects with a schizophrenic spectrum diagnosis from other
      subjects with mental health treatment.

PMID- 4031093
TI  - Diagnosis and childhood firesetting.
AB  - This paper presents findings on the relationship of childhood firesetting and DSM
      III diagnosis in a representative sample of child psychiatric outpatients (N =
      204). Childhood firesetting and the DSM-III diagnosis of conduct disorder are
      strongly related; they show a significant interaction effect with lessened
      competence as measured by activities and increased externalizing
      (undercontrolled) behavior.

PMID- 4031094
TI  - Smoking cessation in chronically ill medical patients.
AB  - Eight male smokers with chronic pulmonary and/or cardiac disease participated in
      a 9-week treatment program that consisted of gradual nicotine withdrawal, self
      management techniques, and relapse prevention strategies. At 1-year follow-up,
      50% remained abstinent, while those who relapsed were smoking substantially less
      than prior to treatment. Reductions in CO and thiocyanate levels were both
      statistically significant and clinically meaningful. Nonspecific factors of group
      influence and support, as well as weekly feedback of CO levels, were judged as
      particularly important components of treatment. The availability of non-aversive
      strategies for smoking cessation in persons with chronic illness is important.
      These promising though preliminary findings indicate the need for additional
      applications of multi-component behavioral approaches with this population.

PMID- 4031095
TI  - Comment on "Religiosity and United States suicide rates, 1972-1978".
AB  - This article comments on the Martin article on religiosity and suicide rates in
      the United States. Specifically, it is pointed out by the present author that
      Martin's data do not allow him to draw the conclusions that he offered in his
      article. A correlational study does not allow for cause and effect conclusions,
      and the use of group data precludes conclusions about individual cases.

PMID- 4031096
TI  - Role of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal tumours.
AB  - To evaluate the usefulness of immunocytochemistry in the differential diagnosis
      of nasopharyngeal tumours, 35 undifferentiated nasal carcinomas were examined
      with a panel of monoclonal antibodies against a wide variety of epithelial and
      non-epithelial antigens. The results were compared with those obtained from a
      series of nasopharyngeal tumours comprising three squamous cell carcinomas, six
      lymphomas, one rhabdomyosarcoma, and one yolk sac tumour. All of the carcinomas
      were positive with at least one of the antiepithelial markers and negative for
      the leucocyte common antigen and were clearly distinguishable from the
      nasopharyngeal lymphomas, which gave the opposite staining pattern. It was
      concluded that such a panel of monoclonal antibodies would be extremely useful
      for the differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal tumours, particularly with small
      or technically inadequate biopsies.

PMID- 4031097
TI  - Acquired cystic disease of kidney with multiple renal and urothelial neoplasms.
AB  - Acquired polycystic disease with concurrent development of renal cell tumours is
      a well documented complication of long term haemodialysis. We present a case of
      acquired polycystic disease with renal cell tumours and multifocal urothelial
      tumours. Only two similar cases have been recorded.

PMID- 4031098
TI  - Clinicopathological importance of deposits of amyloid in the femoral head.
AB  - The pattern of amyloid deposits in the femoral head is described in four cases,
      two of which had deposits of amyloid related to age and two of which had
      generalised systemic amyloidosis (one of primary amyloidosis, one of multiple
      myeloma). The deposition of amyloid in the articular cartilage of the femoral
      head was similar in all four cases. Heavy deposits of synovial amyloid were
      identified in the case with primary amyloidosis and in one of the cases with
      amyloidosis related to age. Both cases of generalised systemic amyloidosis showed
      abundant deposits of amyloid in the bone marrow. Amyloid was not present in the
      bone marrow of either case with amyloidosis related to age. The importance of
      these findings is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of the arthropathy
      syndrome of a rheumatoid type described in cases of primary amyloidosis and
      multiple myeloma.

PMID- 4031099
TI  - Aortic valvular tophus: identification by X-ray diffraction of urate and calcium
      phosphates.
AB  - A typical gouty tophus with birefringent, dichroic, needle shaped crystals was
      found in a resected calcified aortic valve on routine histological examination.
      The patient, an elderly man, had a long history of gout. X-ray diffraction
      confirmed the presence of sodium acid urate monohydrate and identified
      hydroxyapatite and whitlockite in the accompanying dystrophic calcification of
      the aortic valves. Previous reports indicate that gouty tophi of the cardiac
      valves are rare: of the nine cases reported, eight occurred in the mitral valve.

PMID- 4031100
TI  - Hepatic pseudolipoma.
AB  - Pseudolipoma of the liver is a rare condition which may be confused with
      metastatic tumours, primary tumours, or other lesions of the liver. This study
      presents three hepatic pseudolipomas that occurred in men aged 33, 38, and 42
      years. The prevalence of hepatic pseudolipomas was 0.2% in a series of 1300
      consecutive necropsies. The histological elements of pseudolipoma are identical
      with those of twisted peritoneal fat nodules (epiploic appendix) or peritoneal
      loose bodies, four cases of which were also found in the same material. The size
      of the migrating loose body may be the critical factor for entry into the space
      between the diaphragm and the liver. The nutrition of one pseudolipoma seemed to
      have been obtained from the liver capsule. There was no significant correlation
      with previous abdominal surgery or obesity.

PMID- 4031101
TI  - Clear cell carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - Six tumours of the lung initially classified as clear cell carcinoma, were
      studied. Examination of further material by light and electron microscopy showed
      adenocarcinomatous differentiation in three cases and squamous differentiation in
      two. One case showed the features of a large cell anaplastic carcinoma. The clear
      appearance of the cytoplasm in paraffin sections was due to accumulations of
      glycogen that were partially removed during processing. It is concluded that
      clear cell carcinoma is not a single and separate entity.

PMID- 4031102
TI  - Morphometry of blood monocytes in malignant lymphoma.
AB  - Morphometric methods were used to study the ultrastructure of blood monocytes in
      23 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 12 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and
      20 normal subjects. The results were analysed using both univariate and
      multivariate methods. Both analyses supported the interpretation that the total
      mitochondrial contribution to the cellular ultrastructure was less in Hodgkin's
      disease than in the other two groups, with smaller mitochondrial volume
      fractions, volumes, and surface areas being found. In the patients with non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma univariate analysis suggested that monocyte nuclei were
      larger, with more euchromatin and a relatively smaller heterochromatin
      euchromatin interface; the cell profile area was larger and the surface to volume
      ratio was smaller compared with normal subjects. Morphological changes have not
      previously been described in blood monocytes in malignant lymphoma, but they may
      be the counterpart of the known mononuclear phagocyte dysfunction.

PMID- 4031103
TI  - Enzyme linked direct antiglobulin tests in patients with autoimmune haemolysis.
AB  - Enzyme linked and agglutination direct antiglobulin tests were carried out on
      blood samples from 219 patients suspected of having autoimmune haemolysis. The
      enzyme linked tests were more sensitive: they could detect the small amounts of
      IgG, IgA, and IgM which are normally present on red cells and showed increased
      amounts of cell bound immunoglobulins in patients with Coombs test negative
      autoimmune haemolysis. Many patients had immunoglobulins of more than one class
      bound to their red cells; considering the degree of haemolysis in individual
      patients, it appeared that the different immunoglobulin classes acted
      synergistically in effecting red cell destruction, even in amounts too small to
      be detected by the agglutination tests. In patients with cold reacting
      autoantibodies and complement coating of the red cells active haemolysis was
      found (with one exception) where IgM was detected on the cells by the enzyme
      linked method. Elution studies indicated that immunoglobulins detected just by
      the enzyme linked techniques were red cell antibodies. Both enzyme linked and
      agglutination tests were negative in 66 patients: 61 of these had no evidence of
      haemolysis, and in the other five the haemolysis was not autoimmune in origin.

PMID- 4031104
TI  - Electron microscopic studies of human haemosiderin and ferritin.
AB  - Ferritin and haemosiderin were isolated from fresh frozen human spleens that had
      been removed from patients with secondary iron overload due to multiple
      transfusions. Haemosiderin was solubilised by a novel technique that maintains
      its integrity. Unstained preparations of haemosiderin and ferritin were
      visualised and quantitative measurements made of the volumes of iron core. The
      mean diameter of the ferritin core (6.4 nm) was larger than that of haemosiderin
      (5.7 nm). In addition, haemosiderin, in contrast to ferritin, showed a large
      number of cores of less than 5 nm in diameter. Negatively stained preparations of
      haemosiderin and ferritin were visualised, confirming the small core size of the
      haemosiderin. The protein shell of haemosiderin, unlike that of ferritin, was
      thinner and irregular. These findings are consistent with the suggestion that
      haemosiderin is derived from ferritin by partial proteolysis and partial
      solubilisation of the iron core, presumably by lysosomal action.

PMID- 4031105
TI  - Indifferent streptococci in normal and purulent eyes of neonates.
AB  - The incidence of indifferent streptococci in the eyes of neonates less than 6
      days old was investigated. The isolation of indifferent streptococci was
      significantly higher in infants with sticky eyes. Speciation using a shortened
      identification scheme was carried out on isolates; Streptococcus mitior and
      Streptococcus sanguis were the most common species in both purulent and non
      infected eyes. Streptococcus mutans, a species not normally found in edentulous
      infants, comprised 14% of indifferent streptoccoi from neonates with sticky eyes
      but only 1% of those from infants with non-purulent eyes. It is suggested that
      the role of indifferent streptococci in neonatal conjunctivitis will be resolved
      only if speciation is performed.

PMID- 4031107
TI  - Growth of staphylococci on nutrient agar at low temperature.

PMID- 4031106
TI  - Microbial and metabolic profile of achlorhydric stomach: comparison of pernicious
      anaemia and hypogammaglobulinaemia.
AB  - The microbial flora and some of its metabolites and enzymes in the stomach were
      compared in patients with achlorhydria, pernicious anaemia, and primary
      hypogammaglobulinaemia and in patients with dyspepsia with normal gastric
      acidity. Detailed analysis of the flora of the gastric juice and of the mucosa
      from the antrum, body, and fundus in six patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia
      (mean pH 8.2), seven patients with pernicious anaemia (mean pH 7.3), and five
      patients with dyspepsia (mean pH 1.9) yielded 22 different genera of bacteria,
      mainly from the patients with achlorhydria, the most common being streptococci,
      micrococci, staphylococci, veillonella, and lactobacilli. A similar flora was
      found associated with the mucosa at all three sites. Various metabolites were
      also looked for. beta Glucoronidase and C14 lipase were found in patients with
      hypogammaglobulinaemia but not in those with pernicious anaemia or dyspepsia.
      Volatile fatty acids were not found. Relatively high concentrations of ethanol
      were found in the patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia compared with those with
      pernicious anaemia (p = 0.02). Similar concentrations of dimethylamine were found
      in all three groups, but the concentrations of trimethylamine were much higher in
      patients with pernicious anaemia and hypogammaglobulinaemia. The high
      concentrations of some microbial enzymes and ethanol differentiated the group
      with hypogammaglobulinaemia from the rest, and these may bear some relation to
      the high incidence of gastric cancer in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia.

PMID- 4031108
TI  - Is the ratio of total cholesterol to albumin useful as a predictor for the risk
      of coronary heart disease?

PMID- 4031109
TI  - Indenolol: a new antihypertensive agent: efficacy, toxicity, and hemodynamic
      effects in a crossover double-blind study with metoprolol.
AB  - The antihypertensive efficacy of a new agent, indenolol, was compared with that
      of the well-established antihypertensive drug, metoprolol, and its hemodynamic
      effects were investigated using echocardiography. Eighteen hypertensives
      completed a double-blind, crossover, randomized study using indenolol and
      metoprolol. Two four-week courses with indenolol or metoprolol were preceded and
      followed by a two-week placebo period; the total duration of the study was 14
      weeks. Indenolol proved to be significantly more effective than metoprolol in
      decreasing blood pressure values at rest (P less than .05). Furthermore, three
      patients that failed with metoprolol were successfully treated with indenolol.
      Both drugs induced a significant decrease in cardiac output that was mediated
      mainly through a reduction in heart rate, because stroke volume, left ventricle
      circumferential fiber shortening velocity, and ejection fraction were not
      significantly reduced by either drug. However, after indenolol, a significant
      direct relationship was found between the basal values of both cardiac output (r
      = .809) and total peripheral resistance (r = .800), and the reduction of these
      parameters. On the contrary, after metoprolol only, the correlation between the
      basal value of cardiac output and its reduction was significant (r = .790).

PMID- 4031110
TI  - Indenolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after single and repeated daily
      doses.
AB  - The relationship between indenolol (an investigational agent) plasma levels and
      the drug's effect on blood pressure and heart rate was investigated after single
      and repeated once daily administration at two dosage levels (60 mg and 120 mg) in
      two different groups of patients with first or second stage hypertension,
      according to the World Health Organization classification. The pharmacokinetic
      data were indicative of a first order absorption-elimination curve; time of
      maximum plasma levels was 1.5 to two hours, and elimination half-life was four
      hours. The drug did not accumulate in the central compartment after repeated
      administrations. A long-lasting decrease of both resting and isometric exercise
      systolic pressure values was recorded after acute indenolol administration.
      Diastolic pressure was affected only by repeated administrations. The lower dose
      (60 mg daily) of indenolol did not affect heart rate, whereas the higher dose
      (120 mg daily) decreased this parameter. A steady state of pressure values and
      heart rate was reached after 14 days of once daily treatment.

PMID- 4031111
TI  - A dose-titration trial of guanadrel as step-two therapy in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of low-dose guanadrel sulfate were evaluated in 20
      patients with essential hypertension based on seated diastolic blood pressures
      (SDBP) ranging from 95 to 115 mm Hg despite a trial dosage of hydrochlorothiazide
      50 mg/d for up to five weeks. These patients had been resistant to, or intolerant
      of, one or more step-two antihypertensive drugs in the past (i.e., methyldopa,
      beta-adrenergic blocking agents, clonidine, or prazosin). The majority of
      patients demonstrated a satisfactory response (SDBP 95 mm Hg or reduction in SDBP
      of 10 mm Hg) to guanadrel. Nine patients responded at a low dosage, 10 to 20 mg/d
      and remained free from adverse effects throughout the study (up to 12 weeks of
      treatment). Of the remaining 11 patients titrated to higher dosages of guanadrel
      (30 to 60 mg/d), three had no discernible response while six developed adverse
      effects. The results of the study suggest that guanadrel has an acceptable
      benefit-to-risk ratio only when used in low dosages (10 to 30 mg/d) and may be
      successfully employed as step-two antihypertensive therapy in patients resistant
      to, or intolerant of, other step-two agents.

PMID- 4031112
TI  - A steady-state evaluation of the effects of propantheline bromide and
      cholestyramine on the bioavailability of digoxin when administered as tablets or
      capsules.
AB  - Drug interactions can profoundly alter the absorption of digoxin in tablet form.
      This study evaluated whether digoxin solution in capsules, a new dosage form with
      90% to 100% bioavailability, would reduce such alterations, specifically those
      caused by cholestyramine and propantheline bromide. The investigation used a six
      treatment, steady-state, balanced, incomplete block design with 18 healthy adults
      studied for four continuous two-week treatment periods. Treatments were either
      two 0.25 mg digoxin tablets or two 0.20 mg digoxin capsules administered alone,
      with propantheline, 15 mg qid, or with cholestyramine, 8 g qd. Bioavailability
      was determined from steady-state, 24-hour area under the serum concentration-time
      curve (AUC, ng X h/mL) and from 0- and 24-hour trough serum digoxin
      concentrations (ng/mL). The AUCs for tablets alone, with cholestyramine, and with
      propantheline were 32.8 +/- 13.3 (+/- SD), 22.4 +/- 12.1, and 40.6 +/- 13.9,
      respectively, while corresponding values for capsules were 31.7 +/- 9.3, 24.7 +/-
      7.9, and 35.9 +/- 12.8. The trough concentrations for tablets alone, with
      cholestyramine, and with propantheline were 0.88 +/- 0.47, 0.61 +/- 0.38, and
      1.09 +/- 0.35, respectively; trough concentrations for capsules were 0.77 +/-
      0.28, 0.74 +/- 0.28, and 0.96 +/- 0.48, respectively. The only significant
      differences in AUC were seen when comparing tablets alone versus tablets with
      cholestyramine (P less than .0005) and tablets with propantheline (P less than
      .01). A significant finding was also observed when comparing trough
      concentrations for tablets alone versus tablets with cholestyramine (P less than
      .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031113
TI  - Excretion of triamterene and its metabolite in triamterene stone patients.
AB  - As triamterene users may form kidney stones containing deposits of triamterene
      and its metabolites, we studied urinary excretion to detect any altered
      metabolism of triamterene in these patients. We found no significant differences
      between patients and matched control subjects in total recovery, hourly excretion
      patterns, and concentrations of triamterene and its sulfate metabolite.
      Approximately half of all subjects tested revealed urine concentrations of the
      sulfate metabolite that exceeded the observed solubility limit.

PMID- 4031114
TI  - Combined effect of bumetanide and metolazone in normal volunteers.
AB  - Bumetanide 1 to 2 mg or metolazone 2.5 mg were administered by mouth separately
      and then in combination to eight normal men and women in order to determine
      whether a sequential blockade of sodium reabsorption with diuretic agents that
      act at different sites within the nephron leads to a supra-additive diuretic
      effect. All three treatment regimens resulted in a significant weight loss and
      increased urine volume and the excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride. A
      prolonged diuretic effect lasting up to 48 hours after administration occurred
      with metolazone alone. Although absolute and fractional chloride and potassium
      excretion and urine volume were higher after combined therapy (P less than .05 or
      better) than after either drug alone, absolute sodium excretion after combination
      therapy was higher than excretion after bumetanide (P less than .05) but not
      after metolazone. The percent of fractional sodium excretion after both drugs was
      greater than after either drug alone (P less than .05). However, excretion of
      chloride, sodium, potassium, and fluid on the combined therapy day was less than
      the sum of excretion on each single drug therapy day. Thus, the combination of
      bumetanide and metolazone did not have a supra-additive effect in normal
      subjects.

PMID- 4031115
TI  - Reliability of theophylline clearance in determining maintenance intravenous
      aminophylline therapy.

PMID- 4031116
TI  - The effect of rapid digitalization on ventricular function in patients with
      congestive heart failure.

PMID- 4031117
TI  - Lack of effects of diltiazem on digoxin pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 4031118
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of atenolol in patients treated with chronic hemodialysis or
      peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4031119
TI  - Spectral sensitivities of seven morphological types of photoreceptors in the
      retina of the turtle, Geoclemys reevesii.
AB  - Spectral sensitivities of photoreceptors in the turtle (Geoclemys) retina were
      studied by intracellular recording, and each cell was filled with Lucifer yellow
      (LY). Photoreceptors were classified into seven morphological types: rod, four
      types of single cones, and two members of a double cone. Single cones contained
      one of four different oil droplets: red, pale-green, orange, and clear. Double
      cones consisted of two apposed cones; principal members contained yellow oil
      droplets, while accessory members contained no oil droplet. Spectral
      sensitivities recorded from these seven types of photoreceptors were classified
      into one type of rod and three chromatic types of cones. Rods (n = 19) showed
      peak sensitivity at 520 nm. Single cones containing either a red (n = 51) or a
      pale-green (n = 9) oil droplet were red-sensitive (lambda max at 620 nm). Single
      cones containing an orange oil droplet (n = 14) were green-sensitive (lambda max
      at 540 nm). Single cones containing a clear oil droplet (n = 3) were blue
      sensitive (lambda max at 460 nm). Both members of the double cone, principal (n =
      22) and accessory (n = 15), were red-sensitive (lambda max at 620 nm). No
      diffusion of LY was detected between the apposed members of double cones. Red
      sensitive cones, therefore, consisted of four different morphological types of
      cones, and they occupy about 70% of the photoreceptor mosaic in the turtle
      retina.

PMID- 4031120
TI  - Trigeminocerebellar, trigeminotectal, and trigeminothalamic projections: a double
      retrograde axonal tracing study in the mouse.
AB  - Double retrograde axonal tracing experiments were carried out in order to reveal
      potential patterns of divergence in axonal projections from the two major sensory
      nuclei of the mouse brainstem trigeminal complex: the principal sensory and
      spinal trigeminal nuclei (oralis, interpolaris, and caudalis divisions). The
      tracers wheat germ agglutinin, N-[acetyl-3H] and horseradish peroxidase were used
      in paired injection strategies within portions of the cerebellum, superior
      colliculus, and thalamic ventrobasal complex and/or posterior group of adult ICR
      white mice. Trigeminal neurons with projections to tactile areas of the
      cerebellar cortex or underlying deep cerebellar nuclei were found scattered
      throughout the principal sensory nucleus and interpolaris division, and mainly in
      dorsal regions of the oralis division of the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
      Injections of either tracer which involved lateral portions of the rostral half
      of the superior colliculus labeled trigeminotectal neurons mainly in the
      contralateral interpolaris division, ventral half of the oralis division, and a
      ventral region of the principal sensory nucleus near the oralis border. Fewer
      trigeminotectal neurons were found scattered throughout the principal sensory
      nucleus and the magnocellular layer of the caudalis divisions, although an
      occasional labeled neuron wa also found in the marginal layer. Contralaterally
      projecting trigeminothalamic neurons were observed throughout the principal
      sensory nucleus, interpolaris division, and within the marginal and magnocellular
      layers of caudalis. Double-labeled neurons were observed only after paired
      injections of the tracers in the thalamus and ipsilateral superior colliculus,
      and they were found within the caudoventral portion of the principal sensory
      nucleus near the oralis border, throughout the interpolaris division, within the
      magnocellular layer of caudalis, and only a few double-labeled neurons were also
      found within the marginal layer. After such injections, 50% of the labeled tectum
      projecting neurons in the principal sensory nucleus, 64% in the interpolaris
      division, and 57% in the caudalis division are branched neurons which have
      collateralized projections to both the superior colliculus and thalamus. These
      projections, which have not been described before, appear to arise from more than
      one class of projection neuron which is differentially distributed within
      different regions of the trigeminus.

PMID- 4031121
TI  - Patterns of muscarinic cholinergic binding in the striatum and their relation to
      dopamine islands and striosomes.
AB  - The distribution of muscarinic cholinergic binding sites in the striatum was
      studied in relation to the locations of other neurochemical markers in the
      developing rat, cat, ferret, and human. In addition, patterns of striatal
      muscarinic binding were studied in the adult cat. Receptor binding
      autoradiography was carried out with tritiated propylbenzilylcholine mustard [(
      3H]-PrBCM), an irreversible muscarinic antagonist, and subsequent serial section
      analyses involved comparisons among patterns of muscarinic binding, catecholamine
      histofluorescence, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining, Nissl staining, and cell
      labeling with [3H]-thymidine. Muscarinic binding in the immature striatum was
      characterized by local patchiness as well as regional density gradients in all
      species, with the most complex patterns appearing in the human. Patches of dense
      muscarinic binding were shown to lie in register with fluorescent dopamine
      islands (rat, cat, ferret), with AChE-positive patches (all species), and with
      clusters of neurons pulse-labeled by exposure to [3H]-thymidine on embryonic day
      27 (ferret). At the developmental stages examined, the [3H]-PrBCM-positive
      patches were roughly aligned with regions of weak Nissl staining (cat, human).
      Striatal [3H]-PrBCM binding in the adult cat was dense, and though it usually
      appeared nearly homogeneous, in some sections patches of elevated binding were
      present. These had as counterparts, in neighboring sections, AChE-poor
      striosomes. We conclude that during development muscarinic cholinergic function
      is compartmentalized in the striatum in association with dopamine-containing
      afferents, and that this compartmentalization may persist to some degree in the
      adult.

PMID- 4031122
TI  - Central projections of cat retinal ganglion cells.
AB  - The central projections of different groups of cat retinal ganglion cells were
      studied following small iontophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      into physiologically characterized sites. Analysis was restricted to labeled
      cells in the upper periphery of the nasal retina, contralateral to the injection
      site. Injections were made to the A lamina and C lamina of the dorsal lateral
      geniculate nucleus (LGNd-A,C), the geniculate wing (LGNd-W), the ventral lateral
      geniculate nucleus (LGNv), the pretectum (PT), and the superior colliculus (SC).
      The dendritic fields of alpha, beta, and epsilon cells were well labeled by the
      procedures we employed. A group, termed "g1," had somal sizes within the range of
      the smaller beta and epsilon cells, but dendritic morphologies distinct from
      either class. The g1 group may consist of a number of types, but our material
      provided no basis for further distinguishing them. Many cells were observed that
      had smaller somas; all had thin axons, and few had dendritic fields that labeled
      to any significant extent. We were not able to further distinguish these cells,
      and refer to this group, which may include a number of types, as "g2" cells. From
      the peripheral nasal retina, alpha cells project to LGNd-A, LGNd-C, PT, and SC.
      Beta cells project to LGNd-A, LGNd-C, and PT. Epsilon and g1 cells project to the
      LGNd-C, LGNd-W, LGNv, PT, and SC. We determined the total spatial density of
      cells in the region of the retina analyzed, using a Nissl-stained preparation. We
      then estimated the relative fraction of cells in each of the above groupings by
      injecting HRP throughout a cross section of the optic tract. Multiplying this
      relative fraction by the total spatial density gave an estimate of the spatial
      density of each of these groupings. From the spatial density of cells labeled
      from the injection site, we were able to estimate the fraction of cells of each
      retinal grouping that project to each of the zones investigated. By these
      calculations, almost all alpha cells from the upper nasal retina project to LGNd
      A and LGNd-C; most project to SC, and about a third to PT. Beta cells, by
      contrast, project almost exclusively to LGNd-A, with about 10% going to LGNd-C,
      and about 1% to the PT. The great majority of epsilon cells, if not all, project
      to LGNd-W, and up to half of this population also project to the other zones
      noted above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4031123
TI  - Topography of the retinal projection to the superficial pretectal parvicellular
      nucleus of goldfish: a cobaltous-lysine study.
AB  - The retinal projection to the superficial pretectal parvicellular nucleus (SPp)
      of goldfish was examined by filling select groups of optic axons with cobaltous
      lysine. The tracer was applied intraocularly to peripheral retinal slits in some
      fish. In other fish, it was applied to optic axons from an intact hemiretina
      after one-half of the retina was ablated and the corresponding optic axons had
      degenerated. The results indicated that SPp is a folded structure, having a
      dorsal surface innervated by axons from temporal retinal ganglion cells and a
      ventral surface innervated by axons from nasal retinal ganglion cells. Peripheral
      retina innervates the anterodorsal and anteroventral edges of SPp, while central
      retina innervates the posterior genu. Dorsal retina innervates lateral SPp and
      ventral retina innervates medial SPp. Thus, although SPp is a folded nucleus, the
      topography of the retino-SPp projection is similar to the topography of the
      retinotectal projection. That is, the relative position of optic axons within SPp
      mirrors the retinal location of the ganglion cells that project to SPp. Retino
      SPp axons occupy the center of the main optic tract before it divides into the
      two optic brachia. These axons are topographically arranged, with temporal retino
      SPp axons being flanked on both sides by nasal retino-SPp axons. Retino-SPp axons
      arborize within SPp and then continue to enter the superficial tectal retino
      recipient lamina. Thus, these axons innervate both SPp and the optic tectum.
      These findings are discussed with respect to chemospecific and morphogenetic
      views of visual system topography.

PMID- 4031124
TI  - Projections to the basilar pontine nuclei from face sensory and motor regions of
      the cerebral cortex in the rat.
AB  - Orthograde axonal transport tracing methods were used to describe the projections
      to the basilar pontine nuclei (BPN) which arise within the face representation of
      motor or somatosensory cerebral cortex. Injections centered in motor face (MF)
      cortex resulted in the labeling of several corticopontine terminal fields which
      exhibit a rostrocaudal columnar arrangement within the ipsilateral BPN. The
      location of such terminal zones is consistent with the somatotopic pattern of
      termination previously described for limb sensorimotor cortices. In contrast, the
      projections from somatosensory face (SF) cortical regions largely terminate in
      BPN areas separate from those receiving either limb sensorimotor or MF inputs.
      Both MF and SF cortices also give rise to projections to the contralateral BPN;
      those from SF cortex are less extensive than those of MF origin. In addition to
      their relationship with limb sensorimotor corticopontine terminations, the MF
      projections to the BPN also seem to partially overlap the projection zones of the
      cerebellopontine system, particularly the regions projected upon by the lateral
      cerebellar nucleus. The SF projections, on the other hand, appear to terminate in
      BPN areas that also receive input from either the dorsal column nuclei or the
      spinal trigeminal complex. There is only minimal potential overlap between MF and
      SF projections in the BPN. With regard to the pontocerebellar system, the
      projections from MF cortex terminate among BPN neurons which project to the
      cerebellar hemispheres, particularly lobus simplex, crus I and crus II. The SF
      projections also overlap BPN neurons which project to the lateral hemispheres in
      addition to the paraflocculus and vermal lobules VII and IXa,b. Taken together
      these observations suggest that subsets of BPN neurons might exist such that some
      receive convergent inputs from systems whose function can generally be regarded
      as motor (sensorimotor cortex, cerebellopontine) while another population of BPN
      neurons might integrate signals from systems which transmit somatosensory
      information (dorsal column nuclei, spinal trigeminal).

PMID- 4031125
TI  - Ontogeny of tonotopic organization of brain stem auditory nuclei in the chicken:
      implications for development of the place principle.
AB  - The morphological development of the cochlea begins in the base or midbasal
      region and spreads toward the apex. In adults, the base responds maximally to
      high-frequency sounds and lower frequencies are represented progressively toward
      the apex. This predicts that responses to sound should occur initially to high
      frequencies and gradually change to include lower frequencies. Paradoxically,
      animals respond first to relatively low frequencies and last to high frequencies.
      We have previously proposed that this discrepancy results from an ontogenetic
      change in spatial coding of frequency along the cochlea (Rubel et al., '76).
      According to this model, only the basal end of the cochlea transduces sound early
      in development but it responds to low frequencies. During maturation the
      representation of low and midrange frequencies shifts apically and the base
      becomes responsive to high frequencies. This hypothesis predicts that the
      tonotopic organization within the central nervous system should change during
      development; neurons at any given location within an auditory nucleus should
      become maximally responsive to successively higher frequency sounds during
      development. In the present study this prediction was tested by using
      microelectrode recording procedures to map the tonotopic organization of nucleus
      magnocellullaris (NM) and nucleus laminaris (NL), first- and second-order
      auditory nuclei, in chickens at three ages: embryonic day 17, 1 day posthatch,
      and 2-4 weeks posthatch. The characteristic frequencies of neurons having the
      same anatomical location were quantitatively compared across ages. The tonotopic
      order in NM and NL was similar at all ages; responses to high-frequency sounds
      were recorded anteromedially and lower frequencies were located progressively
      more caudolaterally. However, there was a striking quantitative change in
      tonotopic organization. Neurons at a given location in both nuclei became
      maximally responsive to progressively higher frequencies during development. The
      characteristic frequencies of neurons in embryos and newly hatched chicks
      averaged, respectively, 1.00 (+/- 0.06, S.E.M.) and 0.34 (+/- 0.04) octaves lower
      than their predicted adult values. All regions in both nuclei showed a
      statistically significant increase in characteristic frequency during development
      except the most posterolateral (low-frequency) sector. Too few neurons were
      recorded from this region to be able to reliably estimate characteristic
      frequency. These results support the hypothesis that the spatial coding of
      frequency along the cochlea shifts during development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4031126
TI  - The pathogenicity of some ovine or caprine mycoplasmas in the lactating mammary
      gland of sheep and goats.
AB  - Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, M. arginini and M. conjunctivae were each inoculated
      into the lactating mammary gland of goats and sheep. M. ovipneumoniae was
      mastitogenic in both species, causing persistent colonization, raised lacteal
      cell numbers, decreased milk output and separation of milk into 3 layers
      throughout the periods of observation in virtually all animals. Its effects in
      sheep were variable, however, and appeared to depend less on the strain and titre
      of inoculum than on individual variation in response. M. arginini and M.
      conjunctivae were not mastitogenic for goats, but one of each pair of sheep
      injected with these agents showed organism persistence at high titres and lacteal
      neutrophilia over 9 days of observation. Effects on milk production were obscured
      by the apparent poor ability of the ovine udder to regain previous yield after a
      fall in output, but milk consistency and appearance were only temporarily or
      mildly affected in these animals. A. laidlawii, injected into sheep only,
      produced transient effects but with poor recovery of milk production after
      elimination of the organism. Goats were superior to sheep in consistency of
      reaction and milk output, and equally if not more susceptible to intra-mammary
      challenge with M. ovipneumoniae. The goat was therefore concluded to be the
      better experimental animal in a potentially useful method for screening strains
      of M. ovipneumoniae for virulence.

PMID- 4031127
TI  - Systemic arterial calcinosis in a grey tree kangaroo Dendrolagus inustus,
      resembling Monckeberg type arteriosclerosis in man.
AB  - A female grey kangaroo (Dendrolagus inustus) died from a severe systemic arterial
      calcinosis resembling arteriosclerosis of the Monckeberg type in man. Post-mortem
      findings, including scanning electron microscopy, are described and discussed
      with special reference to data in the literature.

PMID- 4031128
TI  - Border disease of sheep: spinal cord morphometry.
AB  - Semi-automated planimetry was used to determine cross-sectional areas of spinal
      grey and white matter by direct microscopy of paraffin sections of spinal cord
      from Border disease (BD) and normal lambs at segments C4, C8, T6 and L4. Spinal
      cord cross-sectional area was significantly reduced in cases of BD produced by
      either intramuscular or intranasal inoculation of ewes in the first half of
      pregnancy with Weybridge strains of BD virus. The reduction was apparent at all 4
      levels and in both grey and white matter, though the white matter was the more
      severely affected. Spinal cord areas tended to be smaller in the progeny of ewes
      exposed earlier in gestation or to larger doses of virus, but these differences
      were not statistically significant.

PMID- 4031129
TI  - Electron microscopic observations concerning the in vivo uptake and release of
      the agent of guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis (Chlamydia psittaci) in guinea
      pig exocervix.
AB  - This report details electron-microscopical observations concerning C. psittaci
      infection in vivo. The model employed was that of the guinea-pig infected at the
      exocervical region with the agent of guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC).
      Our observations indicate that chlamydial particles gain access to their target
      cells by the mechanism of endocytosis. Single GPIC elementary bodies were seen to
      be positioned within individual endosomes. The observations reported here provide
      evidence that chlamydial particles that had undergone their developmental cycle
      within the exocervical epithelial cells may leave the epithelium in 2 ways;
      within entire infected cells that had been shed into the lumen of the cervix and
      by means of the liberation of chlamydial particles from disrupted cells. The
      mechanism of cell disruption and shedding is thought to involve the large number
      of PMNs observed to be present within the enlarged intercellular spaces of the
      infected epithelium.

PMID- 4031130
TI  - Onchocerca raillieti: prevalence and pathology in Sudanese donkeys.
AB  - Onchocerca raillieti was found to be prevalent in Sudanese donkeys. The parasite
      was reported from Central, Northern, Western and Eastern Sudan and was most
      predominant in the last locality. The pathological changes produced by adult
      worms in the ligamentum nuchae are mostly chronic and do not seem to cause any
      clinical manifestations. Likewise, the microfilariae, though found in high
      densities in the skin with a "spill over" into the eyes, produce no pathological
      changes in either the skin or eyes.

PMID- 4031131
TI  - Dyschondroplasia/osteochondrosis of the femoral trochanter in the fowl.
AB  - Of 104 lame broilers, 12 birds with femoral trochanteric abnormalities were
      identified by post-mortem and radiographic examination. Defects occurred in
      ossification of either the trochanteric zenith or its medial aspect. Lesions were
      identified as dyschondroplasia, osteochondrosis or osteochondrosis dissecans
      affecting the articular surface of the femoral trochanter. In the absence of
      concomitant musculoskeletal disease, degrees of lameness can be attributed to
      trochanteric lesions. Breaches in the medial trochanteric bone plate permit
      granulation tissue repair of the articular surface. This repair process, however,
      did not compensate for the loss of articular surface contour and the junction of
      reparative and normal tissue may be prone to subsequent degeneration.

PMID- 4031132
TI  - Hip instability in young adult, broiler fowls.
AB  - In a study of spontaneous orthopaedic disease in 104 broiler-type birds fed ad
      lib, 14 cases of hip instability were detected. Female birds were commonly
      affected and all were aged between 20 and 30 weeks. Although hip luxation was not
      identified, in most cases the gait abnormality could be attributed to capital
      femoral ligament failure. There were two main patterns of capital femoral
      ligament disruption; either the ligament was avulsed, together with a cartilage
      fragment, from its foveal attachment, or the ligament itself was partially or
      totally ruptured. Histological evidence suggests that repetitive trauma or acute
      trauma of sufficient magnitude may be necessary for ligament disruption. It is
      likely that the excessive weight gain of ad-lib fed birds predisposes to ligament
      damage.

PMID- 4031133
TI  - Avulsion of muscles from the femoral trochanter in the fowl.
AB  - Post-mortem examination revealed lateral femoral trochanteric defects in 14 out
      of 104 broiler type chickens. All birds were severely lame, and in the absence of
      concomitant musculoskeletal disease trochanteric lesions were implicated in their
      clinical signs. Trochanteric muscle insertions had avulsed and the lateral
      metaphyseal defect was usually lined with granulation tissue. Examination of
      normal trochanteric development identified endochondral ossification at sites of
      muscle attachment. In some skeletally immature, proximal femurs evidence of
      osteochondrosis was detected at sites of trochanteric muscle attachment. It is
      deduced that broiler femoral trochanters are susceptible to muscle avulsion by
      virtue of their known predisposition to osteochondrosis and the pattern of muscle
      insertion.

PMID- 4031134
TI  - Congenital cystic disease of the liver in seven dogs.
AB  - Seven canine cases of cystic disease of the liver are described. They included 3
      cases with solitary cysts, 3 with the adult type of polycystic disease of the
      liver and one with congenital dilatation of the bile ducts type V, i.e. fusiform
      dilatation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. These findings are
      discussed with respect to the morphology and classification of human cases of
      cystic liver disease.

PMID- 4031135
TI  - Exposure of bovine cornea to different strains of Moraxella bovis and to other
      bacterial species in vitro.
AB  - A collection of strains of Moraxella bovis, some pathogenic and some non
      pathogenic in cattle, together with other M. bovis preparations, Neisseria ovis,
      Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella non-liquefaciens were studied by scanning
      electron microscopy for their affinity to bovine corneal preparations in vitro.
      The in vitro procedure provides a convenient method for studies on host-pathogen
      interactions at the early stage of pathogenesis. The results corresponded well
      with the pathogenicity of the respective strains and species in cattle. It is
      considered that the pathogenicity of M. bovis is associated with at least two
      factors, piliation and the ability to produce pit-like depressions in corneal
      epithelial cells. The other bacterial species, which are not thought to play an
      important role in infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, had the ability to
      adhere to the bovine cornea but did not produce pits. The pitting factor of M.
      bovis is of interest in relation to studies on vaccination against infectious
      bovine keratoconjunctivitis.

PMID- 4031136
TI  - Syncytia formation: an aid in the diagnosis of canine distemper
      encephalomyelitis.
AB  - Syncytia formation has been observed in response to experimental Canine Distemper
      Virus (CDV) infection in specific-pathogen-free Beagle dogs. Multinucleated giant
      cells are most frequently found in white matter lesions of the brain and in the
      anterior uvea of the eye. Lymph nodes and the lung are occasionally positive,
      while the leptomeninges will also rarely harbour syncytia. The mechanism of
      syncytia formation and their possible importance in the pathogenesis of the
      disease are briefly discussed. Widespread tissue syncytia formation is a feature
      of CDV infection which should assist in identifying cases of non-suppurative
      encephalitis in the dog caused by this agent.

PMID- 4031137
TI  - Histological measurement of fat content of liver of dairy cows.
AB  - A total of 275 liver biopsies were performed on dairy cows in 6 Friesian and one
      Guernsey herd during the first 2 weeks after calving. Liver samples were
      processed by 2 independent histological procedures: (a) formalin-fixed frozen
      sections were stained with oil-red O (ORO), or (b) samples fixed in
      glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide were embedded in plastic and sections stained
      with toluidine blue (TOLB). The sections were then subjected to stereological
      point-counting procedures to assess the quantities of stainable fat present
      within the liver cells. Estimates of liver cell fat by the 2 techniques were
      highly correlated, although those obtained by the TOLB method were consistently
      lower than those obtained by the ORO method. The analytical sampling error was
      slightly lower in the TOLB method. The simpler ORO method should prove an
      acceptable alternative in the routine histology laboratory to the tedious and
      technically demanding TOLB method.

PMID- 4031138
TI  - Ultrastructural changes of the liver in spontaneously ketotic cows.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the liver in normal, mildly ketotic and severely ketotic
      cows was studied using stereological methods. In the liver of severely ketotic
      cows there is: (1) a significant increase in the volume fraction of hepatocytes
      and a decrease in the volume fraction of sinusoids, and (2) an increase in the
      volume fraction of lipid and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a decrease in the
      volume fraction of glycogen and Golgi in parenchyma. A decrease in the profile
      density of mitochondria per 1 mm2 field and an increase of the volume occupied by
      mitochondria were not significant nor was the decrease in the volume density of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum. The degree and duration of negative energy balance
      obviously affect the morphological changes of the fatty liver. However,
      additional work is needed to determine the significance of ultrastructural
      changes in liver function.

PMID- 4031139
TI  - Calcium and phosphorus absorption in lambs exposed to Trichostrongylus
      colubriformis.
AB  - Ten lambs (29 +/- 1.2 kg) reared parasite-free and prepared with rumen, duodenal
      and ileal cannulae were paired and one of each pair was given a daily oral dose
      of 2500 Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae for 14 weeks. Untreated animals
      received the amount of ration consumed by their infected pair-mates the previous
      day. During weeks 6 and 12 of infection, all lambs underwent a 7 day calcium (Ca)
      and phosphorus (P) balance. During weeks 7 and 13, duodenal and ileal samples
      were collected to determine the amounts of Ca and P entering and leaving the
      small intestine. The infection caused varying degrees of feed refusal in all
      infected animals. As a result, the data on Ca and P in excreta and the amounts of
      Ca and P entering and leaving the small intestine were regressed against dry
      matter (DM) intake for each group at each period. There were no between-period
      differences in these relationships. Calcium absorption and retention were
      unaffected by the stress of infection. Infection affected several aspects of P
      metabolism. Blood P concentrations were markedly reduced. Absorption of P from
      the small intestine was greater (P less than 0.01) in control lambs (at 1 kg DM
      intake 6.6 g per day) than in infected animals (2.2 g P per day), but there was a
      greater (P less than 0.05) duodenal flow rate of P in control lambs which
      suggested much higher rates of salivary secretion of P than in infected animals.
      Phosphorus flow rates at the ileum were greater (P less than 0.01) in infected
      lambs, despite the lower duodenal flow rates, which indicated a major abnormality
      (P less than 0.01) in small intestine absorption of P in infected animals; this
      may have contributed to the growth check experienced by these lambs.

PMID- 4031140
TI  - Nasal bacterial flora of clinically normal goats.
AB  - An enclosed swab assembly was employed to collect nasal mucus from 45 clinically
      normal goats. Eleven bacterial species were isolated from their nasal cavities.
      Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were the most important
      isolates.

PMID- 4031141
TI  - Craniopharyngioma in a dog.
AB  - Craniopharyngiomas are rare in dogs. A 3 cm suprasellar craniopharyngioma in a 13
      month-old male mongrel dog is described. The mass consisted of multiple
      microcysts and solid areas with mesenchymal proliferation in areas of transition.
      Tumour cells were arranged in solid sheets or separated into islands by thick
      bands of collagen. Squamous differentiation of tumour cells with keratin
      formation and a focus of osseous metaplasia were present. Occasionally, tumour
      cells were arranged in rosettes. Cysts were lined by a single layer of cuboidal
      to low columnar epithelium and contained proteinaceous fluid with numerous
      cholesterol clefts. The diagnosis was based on age of occurrence, location and
      histological appearance.

PMID- 4031142
TI  - Xanthomas and hyperlipidemias.
AB  - The ability to recognize diverse clinical forms of xanthomas, such as tuberous,
      planar, eruptive and tendinous, is important in the detection of underlying
      systemic disease. A variety of primary genetic disorders, as well as numerous
      secondary conditions such as diabetes, obstructive liver disease, thyroid
      disease, renal disease, and pancreatitis, can lead to hyperlipoproteinemia that
      results in the formation not only of xanthomas but also of life-threatening
      vascular atherosclerosis. An understanding of the pathogenesis of the underlying
      lipoprotein alterations provides a rational approach to therapy utilizing dietary
      manipulations and drugs. Such treatment is capable of correcting most disorders
      of lipid metabolism, and, if appropriate therapy is initiated at the first sign
      of xanthoma evolution, it may prevent progression of atherosclerosis, provide
      resolution of xanthomas, and in some instances prevent serious pancreatitis.

PMID- 4031143
TI  - Activation of herpes simplex following dermabrasion. Report of a patient
      successfully treated with intravenous acyclovir and brief review of the
      literature.
AB  - Herpes simplex labialis developed in a patient immediately following
      dermabrasion. The patient was hospitalized because the infection had spread
      rapidly over the dermabraded face and was complicated by secondary
      impetiginization. Herpesvirus hominis type I and Enterobacter aerogenes were
      isolated from cultures. Intravenous acyclovir and oral antibiotics were
      administered. On this regimen, new vesicle formation ceased in 36 hours. Complete
      resolution of the infection occurred within 6 days, with an excellent cosmetic
      result. Observation at 1 month confirmed no sequelae (in particular, scarring).
      The "at risk" patient with a history of recurrent herpes labialis should be
      identified prospectively in an attempt to prevent possible reactivation; should
      this complication ensue, appropriate treatment should be immediately administered
      because a state of local immunocompromise exists. We believe our patient
      benefited greatly from vigorous treatment, with significant shortening of time to
      healing. Prophylaxis with oral acyclovir of "at risk" patients prior to
      dermabrasion is proposed.

PMID- 4031144
TI  - Acute allergic contact dermatitis from diazolidinyl urea (Germall II) in a hair
      gel.
AB  - Diazolidinyl urea (Germall II) is a preservative recently used in cosmetics. It
      is effective against most contaminating microorganisms, especially Pseudomonas.
      We report the first case of an acute allergic contact dermatitis from
      diazolidinyl urea that was contained in a hair gel.

PMID- 4031145
TI  - Incontinentia pigmenti: a failure of immune tolerance?

PMID- 4031147
TI  - Lichen planus and chronic active hepatitis.

PMID- 4031146
TI  - Trazodone-induced hepatotoxicity and leukonychia.

PMID- 4031148
TI  - Crucial importance of the complete skin examination.

PMID- 4031149
TI  - Photochemotherapy (PUVA) and skin cancer.

PMID- 4031150
TI  - Idiopathic leukonychia totalis and partialis.

PMID- 4031151
TI  - Source of circulating testosterone and hirsutism.

PMID- 4031152
TI  - Response of the cutaneous lesions of Reiter's syndrome to ketoconazole.

PMID- 4031153
TI  - Familial lichen planus. More frequent than previously suggested?
AB  - In a follow-up study of 140 patients with lichen planus we found fifteen patients
      with a clinically and/or histologically verified family history of the disease,
      which gives a percentage much higher than that found in previous studies. The
      reason for this discrepancy might be caused by difficulties in the detection of
      the disease in family members. Familial lichen planus was found to be different
      from nonfamilial lichen planus, especially in its effect on young persons and in
      being a more widespread type with a tendency to result in relapse. The high
      incidence of familial lichen planus supports the hypothesis that genetic factors
      are of etiologic importance in lichen planus.

PMID- 4031154
TI  - Sclerodermoid changes of porphyria cutanea tarda: possible relationship to
      urinary uroporphyrin levels.
AB  - From 1950 to 1982, fifteen patients were seen at the Mayo Clinic with a diagnosis
      of sclerodermoid changes of porphyria cutanea tarda. Fourteen patients had
      changes similar to scleroderma limited to the skin, and one patient had
      scleroderma-like skin changes accompanied by visceral abnormalities. Both light
      exposed and unexposed areas of the body were affected. Areas of involvement
      included the chest, the V-shaped area of the neck, and the back, face, and
      shoulders. In six patients, morpheaform changes represented the presenting
      cutaneous sign of porphyria cutanea tarda. Follow-up examination, after treatment
      that included abstinence from alcohol and phlebotomy, revealed that the
      sclerodermoid skin changes had disappeared in six patients and improved in four.
      Generally, the degree of improvement of the sclerodermoid changes was
      proportional to the reduction of the urinary uroporphyrin levels toward normal (p
      = 0.02).

PMID- 4031155
TI  - Complex aphthosis: a forme fruste of Behcet's syndrome?
AB  - The evaluation of the rare patient who presents with oral and genital aphthae or
      almost constant, multiple (greater than 3) oral aphthae, but no systemic signs or
      symptoms (i.e., complex aphthosis), is difficult because no laboratory test is
      available to exclude Behcet's syndrome. Six patients with complex aphthosis were
      evaluated. In addition, patients with simple aphthosis, those with seronegative
      arthritis, and normal controls were assessed for circulating immune complexes
      (CIC) by in vitro and in vivo assays and for neutrophil migration by subagarose
      methods, since these tests have given significant results in patients with
      Behcet's syndrome. Patient 1, with complex aphthosis, had Raji cell evidence for
      CIC (51.2 mg aggregated human gamma globulin Eq/ml), C1q, and C3 in dermal blood
      vessels 4 hours post intradermal histamine injection and had a Sweet's syndrome
      like vasculitis 24 hours post histamine injection. In addition, her serum
      enhanced the migration of patient neutrophils (3.6 +/- 0.6 to 4.6 +/- 0.5; N = 6,
      p less than or equal to 0.01). All other test and control patients had negative
      or normal CIC and neutrophil migration determinations. Sixteen-month clinical
      follow-up has confirmed that Patient 1, but not Patients 2 to 6, has developed
      overt manifestations of Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 4031156
TI  - Uncombable hair syndrome: observations on response to biotin and occurrence in
      siblings with ectodermal dysplasia.
AB  - Three children are reported with uncombable hair syndrome, consisting of slow
      growing, straw-colored scalp hair that could not be combed flat. The hairs
      appeared normal on light microscopy but on scanning electron microscopy were
      triangular in cross section, with canal-like longitudinal depressions. Oral
      biotin, 0.3 mg three times a day, produced significant improvement after 4 months
      in one patient, with increased growth rate and with strength and combability of
      the hair, although the triangular shape remained. The other two patients were
      unique in having associated ectodermal dysplasia. Their hair slowly improved in
      appearance and combability over 5 years without biotin therapy.

PMID- 4031157
TI  - Netherton's syndrome. Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - A patient with Netherton's syndrome who was followed since birth had previously
      been diagnosed as having Leiner's disease and acrodermatitis enteropathica; the
      disorder was recognized clinically when the patient was 20 years of age. Therapy
      with 13-cis-retinoic acid significantly aggravated the ichthyosis and induced
      increased fragility of the skin. This patient also had an intermittent
      aminoaciduria with clinical investigations that showed normal renal function.
      Furthermore, the aminoaciduria resolved spontaneously after the discontinuance of
      topically applied corticosteroids. The normal results of clinical studies and a
      review of the literature suggest that the aminoaciduria may have been artifactual
      because excess absorption of topically applied corticosteroids directly affects
      the renal tubules and impairs renal reabsorption or enhances the free excretion
      of amino acids. We review forty-two other cases of Netherton's syndrome in the
      literature and reaffirm the significance of associated ichthyosis, atopy,
      trichorrhexis invaginata, and other findings in this unique syndrome.

PMID- 4031158
TI  - Chediak-Higashi syndrome in a Venezuelan black child.
AB  - One case of Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) in a black male child, born to a
      consanguineous couple from a rural village in the State of Falcon, is described.
      At birth the child had marked skin depigmentation and ash-gray hair. A few months
      later he developed an almost normal black skin color. The diagnosis of CHS was
      established by the presence of large peroxidase-positive granules in his
      leukocytes. Neutrophils showed decreased chemotaxis and lack of digestive
      capacity against Candida albicans. Unusual features included extreme rarity of
      CHS in blacks, progressive repigmentation of the skin, and an early benign
      evolution. A high consanguinity index in the village from which this patient
      originated raised the possibility of the presence of a new cluster of this
      disease in Venezuela.

PMID- 4031159
TI  - Balloon cell malignant melanoma.
AB  - A patient was seen with a pigmented plaque of malignant melanoma and multiple
      surrounding skin-colored dermal and subcutaneous nodules. Histologic examination
      showed that the pigmented lesion represented the balloon cell variant of
      malignant melanoma and that the adjacent nodules were local metastatic lesions.
      This case, along with a review of the literature, illustrates that many balloon
      cell melanomas show only mild cellular atypia and minimal mitotic figures,
      although the tumor has a malignant course, with local or distant metastasis. A
      careful examination of all the sections of the balloon cell tumor is important.

PMID- 4031160
TI  - Basal cell tumor with apocrine differentiation: apocrine epithelioma.
AB  - A locally invasive tumor developed in a 71-year-old woman on the right
      retroauricular skin, involving cartilage and parotid glands. Histologically, the
      tumor displayed characteristic features of basal cell epithelioma accompanied by
      stromal fibrosis. Histochemically, an apocrine pattern in enzyme reactions was
      detected in tumor cells. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed the features
      of apocrine-type secretory cells and ductlike structures, and the peripheral
      cells revealed the characteristics of myoepithelial cells. A large number of
      myofibroblasts was observed in the connective tissue surrounding the tumor nests.
      From these findings, the woman's tumor was considered to represent a basal cell
      tumor with apocrine differentiation.

PMID- 4031161
TI  - Polymyositis presenting with panniculitis.
AB  - Although microscopic areas of panniculitis may frequently occur in patients with
      dermatomyositis and polymyositis, large, clinically obvious plaques are unusual.
      We report a patient with polymyositis who initially had panniculitis of the
      thigh. Histologically, a lobular lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate was present in the
      subcutis.

PMID- 4031162
TI  - Cutaneous horns of the penis: an approach to management. Case report and review
      of the literature.
AB  - Cutaneous horns of the penis are rare lesions, only seventeen previous cases
      having been reported in the English literature. The lesions usually appear
      following adult circumcision for long-standing phimosis. Frequently they are
      unusual presentations for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. One third of the
      cases of penile horns were associated with underlying malignancies; therefore
      prompt surgical intervention is warranted.

PMID- 4031164
TI  - Computed tomography of spondylolisthesis: patterns of associated pathology.
AB  - Spondylolisthesis was observed in 165 of 2,500 patients with back pain evaluated
      by CT. In more than two-thirds of these patients a second structural abnormality
      was found in association with the spondylolisthesis. The nature and location of
      this second abnormality varied with the type of spondylolisthesis: spondylolytic
      or degenerative. Spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, caused by a defect in the pars
      interarticularis, was associated with foraminal stenosis at the level of the
      defect in the pars and disk protrusion at the interspace immediately above this
      level. Degenerative spondylolisthesis, caused by facet joint disease, was
      associated with disk protrusion and spinal stenosis at the same level as the
      spondylolisthesis. The advantages and limitations of CT in the evaluation of
      symptomatic patients with spondylolisthesis are discussed.

PMID- 4031163
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone treatment on acoustic neuromas: evaluation by computed
      tomography.
AB  - Five patients with unilateral acoustic neuromas were studied with CT before and
      after treatment with dexamethasone. Rather small effects, in the order of 10-20%,
      were observed on the parameters evaluated, including the size of the tumor, size
      of the peritumoral edema, and the contrast enhancement. Hence, the acoustic
      neuromas, which ultrastructurally and with their extraaxial location bear great
      resemblances to meningiomas, also show a similarity in their minimal response to
      steroid treatment.

PMID- 4031165
TI  - Menstrual variation of normal breast NMR relaxation parameters.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers great promise in noninvasively
      distinguishing normal, benign, and malignant tissues in the breast. However, well
      documented changes that occur in breast tissues during the normal menstrual cycle
      suggest that lesion detectability will depend on knowledge of the variations in
      NMR parameters that occur as a consequence of these changes. Correct selection of
      optimal NMR pulse sequences and interpulse times, based on spin density and T1
      and T2 values, to maximize tissue contrast and lesion detectability, will
      likewise depend on our understanding of variations in NMR parameters of normal
      breast tissues. The purpose of this study is to determine the range and
      variability of NMR parameters (spin density, T1 and T2) associated with changes
      in normal breast tissues during the menstrual cycle, as measured by NMR imaging.
      Initial findings suggest that there are measurable differences between breast
      tissues as a function of time in the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 4031166
TI  - Distinction between adrenal adenomas and metastases using MR imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 12 patients with known neoplastic
      disease and adrenal masses shown by CT. Three patients with metastases had high
      signal intensity in the adrenals on T2 weighted spin echo scans (SE 2,500/80) and
      nine patients with nonfunctioning adenomas had low signal intensity on T2
      weighted images. The ability to distinguish metastases from nonhyperfunctioning
      adrenal adenomas may be of use in the pre-operative evaluation in patients with
      known carcinoma and incidental adrenal masses.

PMID- 4031167
TI  - MR imaging of uterine leiomyomas and their complications.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in eight patients with uterine leiomyomas and in
      eight normal female volunteers clearly depicted the size, shape, and position of
      the corpus uteri and demonstrated adjacent anatomic structures to good advantage
      in transaxial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Spin echo (SE) with short repetition
      time (TR) and short echo time (TE) values was judged best for overall delineation
      of anatomic structures. Longer TR and TE times were used to differentiate
      myometrium from endometrium. Detection and characterization of complications of
      uterine myomas were facilitated by the use of multislice/multiecho SE techniques,
      but in general TE values greater than 60 ms were not needed to differentiate
      endometrium from myometrium and in most cases did not improve the MR depiction of
      abnormalities. Calculated T1 and T2 relaxation times from this preliminary study
      do not demonstrate a clear advantage in further characterizing uterine
      abnormalities.

PMID- 4031168
TI  - MR imaging of intramuscular hemorrhage.
AB  - This retrospective study was performed to (a) analyze the appearance of normal
      striated muscle using the spin echo (SE) technique and (b) evaluate the potential
      of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for demonstrating intramuscular bleeding.
      Magnetic resonance examinations of 30 patients imaged for reasons other than
      muscular disorders were reviewed. Normal striated muscle was always imaged with a
      lower intensity than fat because muscle had a longer T1 and a shorter T2 than
      fat. Furthermore, the spin density of muscle was less than that of fat. The best
      contrast between the two tissues was obtained with a short repetition time (TR)
      of 0.5 s and a long echo time (TE) of 56 ms. In addition, five MR examinations
      from three patients with intramuscular bleeding were assessed. In one case the CT
      examination was also available for comparison. In every case MR permitted the
      diagnosis and demonstrated the precise extent of intramuscular bleeding and its
      regression after therapy. The MR diagnosis of intramuscular bleeding was readily
      performed because of the excellent contrast resolution of the technique. These
      lesions were always brighter than the surrounding normal muscle. The optimum SE
      technique, which enhanced contrast between the muscle and the site of bleeding,
      was a long TR of 2.0 s and a long TE of 56 ms. The T1 and T2 relaxation times of
      intramuscular bleeding were always longer than those of normal striated muscle.
      Preliminary results indicate that MR is very sensitive for the demonstration of
      intramuscular bleeding.

PMID- 4031169
TI  - Hemiatrophy of the tongue and floor of the mouth demonstrated by computed
      tomography.
AB  - Computed tomography can show hemiatrophy of the tongue and the floor of the
      mouth. The normal neuroanatomy of this region with regard to its motor supply is
      reviewed. In theory six variants of motor nerve lesions with hemiatrophy can be
      encountered, three of which are illustrated in this report. Knowledge of the
      muscular anatomy and the motor nerve supply to the tongue and floor of the mouth
      is helpful when evaluating lesions of the base of the skull with CT. This is
      particularly true for the lesions involving the trigeminal and hypoglossal
      nerves.

PMID- 4031170
TI  - MR imaging of the normal larynx.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the larynx was performed on 15 volunteers.
      Searching for optimal images in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes, we
      compared images made with a special surface coil and the standard head coil,
      images with different slice thicknesses, images with different repetition times
      (TR) and images with different matrices. The field of view and the scan times
      were kept as small as possible. Using a surface coil, we obtained high resolution
      images in all three planes. These images provide clinically relevant information,
      not shown by current radiological techniques: hyoepiglottic ligament, thyrohyoid
      ligament, thyroepiglottic ligament and cricothyroid ligament, the borders between
      the preepiglottic space and both paraglottic spaces (PGS), the borders between
      both PGS and thyroid cartilage, and the vocalis and thyroarytenoid muscles. Short
      TR is preferred because, with shorter scan time, more measurements could be made.
      Images with a 128 X 128 matrix size had a much better signal-to-noise ratio than
      images with a 256 X 256 matrix size. Magnetic resonance has great potential in
      imaging normal and pathological anatomy of the larynx.

PMID- 4031171
TI  - Scatter radiation from abdominal CT examinations.
AB  - Several water phantoms were scanned under a number of conditions and radiation
      exposure due to scatter was measured at the center of one end. The decrease of
      the scatter radiation exposure is nearly exponential with distance from the slice
      plane. The half-value distance is a function of the slice cross-sectional area.
      An empirical equation is presented to relate exposure to the pertinent variables.

PMID- 4031172
TI  - CT demonstration of tethering of the lung by the pulmonary ligament.
AB  - An unusual form of atelectasis has been detected on CT of a patient with large
      pleural effusions. It has been interpreted to be the result of tethering of the
      lungs to the mediastinum by the pulmonary ligaments, which may have lacked normal
      elasticity in this case because of prior irradiation. This appearance may
      simulate a collection of dense material on the surface of an effusion when there
      is no obvious air bronchogram present.

PMID- 4031173
TI  - Preoperative evaluation of bronchiectasis by computed tomography.
AB  - A patient with known lingular bronchiectasis is presented for whom CT was used as
      the sole preoperative radiographic method to exclude disease in the remainder of
      the bronchial tree. The patient has remained symptom free for 12 months following
      lingulectomy. The potential of CT to obviate the need for bronchography in the
      preoperative staging of bronchiectasis is discussed.

PMID- 4031174
TI  - Bronchogenic cyst causing superior vena cava obstruction: CT appearance.
AB  - The CT appearance of bronchogenic cysts is well known. In addition, CT is useful
      in evaluating cases of suspected superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Although most
      cases of SVC syndrome are caused by malignant diseases, certain benign disorders
      such as granulomatous infections may be the underlying cause. A case of a
      bronchogenic cyst causing SVC occlusion is presented here.

PMID- 4031175
TI  - CT diagnosis of closed loop obstruction.
AB  - A case of closed loop obstruction presenting with unremarkable plain abdominal
      films and diagnosed by CT is reported. The presence of (a) fluid filled distended
      small bowel loops; (b) abrupt transition with collapsed distal intestinal loops;
      and (c) grossly distended fluid filled "U" shaped loop are diagnostic of this
      entity. Prompt CT recognition, before signs of intestinal gangrene develop, will
      lead to immediate surgical decompression and a significant decrease in the
      morbidity and mortality of this potential abdominal catastrophe.

PMID- 4031176
TI  - CT diagnosis of fluid in lesser sac mimicking thrombosis of inferior vena cava.
AB  - A patient with ascites and fluid in the lesser sac mimicking the appearance of a
      clot in the inferior vena cava is described. A knowledge of liver anatomy,
      particularly the lesser sac in the region of porta hepatis, aids in avoiding this
      CT pitfall.

PMID- 4031178
TI  - CT findings of metastatic breast carcinoma involving muscle.
AB  - Hematogenous metastatic disease to skeletal muscle is a very unusual occurrence
      and is seldom diagnosed clinically. This case report demonstrates the CT findings
      of metastatic breast cancer to skeletal muscle of the neck.

PMID- 4031177
TI  - Adrenal myelolipoma associated with Conn syndrome: CT evaluation.
AB  - A case of myelolipoma and Conn syndrome due to an ipsilateral aldosteronoma is
      documented, and CT findings are presented.

PMID- 4031179
TI  - MR imaging of iliopsoas bursitis and concurrent avascular necrosis of the femoral
      head.
AB  - The magnetic resonance (MR) features of iliopsoas bursitis secondary to an
      inflammatory arthropathy of the hip are described in a patient with concurrent
      avascular necrosis of the femoral heads. The MR findings of avascular necrosis
      were demonstrated on one side where radiography, bone scan, and CT were negative.

PMID- 4031180
TI  - High-field MR imaging of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system.
AB  - A case of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system secondary to
      bleeding from an ependymoma is presented. High-field magnetic resonance imaging
      showed marginal hypointensity of the cervical cord, medulla oblongata, pons,
      mesencephalon, anterior cerebellar and basal cerebral surfaces, and cranial
      nerves (II, V, VIII). These findings were evident in the T2 weighted images.

PMID- 4031181
TI  - Actinomycotic brain abscess: CT findings.
AB  - An unusual case of actinomycotic brain abscess with histologic documentation is
      reported. Commonly, a primary focus of actinomycosis in the cervicofacial,
      thoracic, or abdominal areas is found. In our particular case such a primary
      source of infection was not evident. Cranial CT showed a thick-walled ring
      enhancing lesion deeply located in the left parietal region. This CT finding was
      useful but not diagnostically pathognomonic. Correct diagnosis was made based on
      histologic findings. Sulfur granules and Gram-positive branching organisms were
      seen in the purulent material.

PMID- 4031182
TI  - Postmyelographic CT evaluation of multiple blocks due to metastases.
AB  - A case of intraspinal metastatic carcinoma that presented on combined cervical
      and lumbar puncture metrizamide myelography as complete blocks at T2 and T12 is
      described. The extent of disease in the long segment of the spinal canal was
      inaccessible to conventional myelography. This case illustrates the importance of
      postmyelogram CT for accurate assessment of disease and for treatment planning.

PMID- 4031183
TI  - Traumatic perforation of the pyriform sinus: CT demonstration.
AB  - Hypopharyngeal perforation secondary to tracheal intubation is a rare and serious
      complication. Radiographic evaluation is helpful when the clinical diagnosis is
      not obvious. In one such case CT demonstrated the site of perforation and its
      extension into the superior mediastinum, facilitating the subsequent surgical
      approach.

PMID- 4031184
TI  - Vertebral hemangioma with compression myelopathy: metrizamide CT demonstration.

PMID- 4031185
TI  - Movement and absorption of major minerals and water in ovine gastrointestinal
      tract.
AB  - Movement of calcium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and water in the
      intestine of sheep was determined with cerium-141 as an unabsorbed reference
      substance. Net secretion of phosphorus and sodium, but not of potassium and
      calcium, was observed to the rumen. Water disappeared from the omasum and was
      secreted in the abomasum. Chloride secretion occurred in the omasum and more in
      the abomasum. Extensive secretion in the duodenum increased flows of sodium and
      potassium 8 to 9 times; of calcium, chloride, and phosphorus 3 to 6 times; of
      magnesium 1.3 times; and of water 12 times. Reabsorption was rapid in the small
      intestine, the major site of disappearance of all ions. Rates of disappearance
      decreased with increasing distance from the pylorus. Little further net
      disappearance of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, or potassium was found in the
      large intestine, whereas water, sodium, and chloride disappearance continued.
      Overall absorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride was approximately 90%, of
      phosphorus 63%, of calcium 38%, and of magnesium 71%. This study highlights the
      importance of endogenous secretions in mineral absorption in the sheep.

PMID- 4031186
TI  - Digestion and absorption of lipids and bile acids in sheep fed stearic acid,
      oleic acid, or tristearin.
AB  - Sheep were fed diets containing 7.5% added stearic acid, oleic acid, or
      tristearin for 21 days. In addition, 50 microCi/kg cerium-141 was included for
      the last 10 days on experimental diets as an unabsorbed reference substance. In
      the rumen dietary triglycerides were approximately 50% hydrolyzed, and
      hydrogenation resulted in saturation of the free fatty acid fraction. Some net
      synthesis of phospholipids, presumably microbial phospholipids, occurred in the
      rumen. In the intestine immediately distal to the pylorus, extensive secretion of
      bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and
      lipase occurred. This resulted in doubling of fatty acid fluxes through the
      duodenum. These endogenous secretions were reabsorbed rapidly however, with the
      major site of lipid and bile acid absorption in the region .6 to 4 m distal to
      the pylorus. Additional but less absorption occurred in the more distal segments
      of the small intestine. Overall absorption of stearic acid, oleic acid, and
      tristearin supplements was in the range 60 to 70%, and no differences were
      apparent between fats. Unsaturated fatty acids were over 90% absorbed as compared
      with 55 to 65% for saturated fatty acids. No significant effect of any of the
      supplements was observed on ruminal total volatile fatty acids, ratios of
      volatile fatty acids, or on overall cellulose or caloric digestion.

PMID- 4031187
TI  - Digestion and absorption of protein along ovine gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Digestion and absorption of protein were determined in ovine gastrointestinal
      tract with cerium-141 as an unabsorbed reference substance. Nitrogen flows
      changed little in rumen and reticulum, but in the proximal small intestine flows
      increased because of secretion of .9 g nitrogen per day per kg body weight. This
      secretion included trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and carboxypeptidases A and
      B; maximal activity was in proximal segments of the small intestine and decreased
      with distance from the pylorus. Activity of chymotrypsin decreased more rapidly
      than that of trypsin. Amino acid flows reflected the influx of protein in the
      duodenum; absorption was approximately 55% in the terminal ileum. No major
      changes of proportions of individual amino acids were observed. Overall nitrogen
      absorption was 72.6% of which 6% was in the large intestine. The major soluble
      protein fraction in the gastrointestinal tract consisted of peptides with
      molecular weight 7,000 to 14,000 daltons. Soluble high molecular weight protein
      was observed only in rumen and duodenum. Low molecular weight peptides and amino
      acids accumulated only in the proximal small intestine. Solubilization of protein
      and breakdown of peptides of 7,000 to 14,000 molecular weight appear to be rate
      limiting for protein absorption in sheep.

PMID- 4031188
TI  - Effects of adding beta-carotene to rations of lactating cows consuming different
      forages.
AB  - Thirty-six Holstein cows fed a corn silage-based ration and 34 fed an alfalfa
      grass silage-based ration were assigned according to calving date to receive
      either 300 mg/head per day of synthetic beta-carotene in a gelatin capsule or an
      empty gelatin capsule daily for the first 100 days postpartum. Supplemental
      vitamin A was provided at 3919 IU/kg of ration dry matter. Cervix diameters for
      cows supplemented with beta-carotene were smaller at 21 days and 28 days
      postpartum. Days from parturition to first observed estrus were less when beta
      carotene was added and less when corn silage was fed. Means of other reproductive
      traits were more favorable for cows treated with beta-carotene (fewer services
      per conception and shorter intervals between parturition and conception). Milk
      progesterone at 21 and 28 days postpartum was not affected by either roughage or
      beta-carotene treatment. Milk from cows receiving alfalfa-grass silage contained
      lower somatic cell concentrations than that produced by cows fed corn silage.
      Milk somatic cell concentrations were lower in both roughage treatment groups for
      cows supplemented with beta-carotene. No effects of roughage or beta-carotene on
      milk production or milk fat percentages were significant.

PMID- 4031189
TI  - Evaluation of potato meal as a feedstuff for lactating dairy cows.
AB  - Potato meal was ensiled with a grass-legume forage at 7.5% of fresh weight and
      substituted for ground corn in concentrate mixtures at 0, 15, and 30% fresh
      weight. Production, digestion, and nitrogen balance trials were conducted on 12
      lactating Holstein cows fed individually for ad libitum intake. Potato meal was
      consumed readily in the quantities offered. Mean daily milk production for cows
      receiving the hay-crop silage ensiled with potato meal was 28.6 compared with
      26.3 kg for cows consuming untreated silage. Molar percentages of acetate in
      rumen were lower and propionate higher for cows receiving hay-crop silage ensiled
      with potato meal. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, organic matter, acid
      detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, and gross energy all
      tended to be lower for the silage with added potato meal. Nitrogen balance was
      higher for cows consuming silage with potato meal. When potato meal was added to
      concentrate mixes replacing corn at 0, 15, and 30%, milk production was 27.5,
      26.8, and 28.0 kg/day. Potato meal can be used advantageously as a silage
      additive and can be included in concentrate mixtures up to 30% of the fresh
      weight.

PMID- 4031190
TI  - Effect of dry matter intake from whole goat milk and calf milk replacer on
      performance of Nubian goat kids.
AB  - The dry matter in calf milk replacer was compared with dry matter in goat milk
      for Nubian goat kids. Kids were fed the following diets from 4 days of age for 6
      wk: 1) whole goat milk (14.0% dry matter), 2) calf milk replacer (13.5% dry
      matter), and 3) calf milk replacer (18.0% dry matter). Body weight of kids fed
      whole milk and 18.0% dry matter milk replacer increased each week. Kids fed the
      13.5% dry matter milk replacer increased in weight to the 3rd wk but steadily
      declined thereafter. Total weight gain was more for kids fed whole milk (3.89 kg)
      than for kids fed milk replacer diets with 13.5 or 18.0% dry matter (.79 and 3.06
      kg, respectively). For the first 3 wk, average daily gain was lowest for kids fed
      18.0% milk replacer diet, but highest for wk 4 to 6. These data indicate that 3
      week-old goat kids can utilize large amounts of dry matter from milk replacer to
      sustain a rate of growth similar to that of kids fed whole milk; however, high
      amounts of dry matter from milk replacer are poorly utilized by kids during the
      first 3 wk of life.

PMID- 4031191
TI  - Components of variance and covariance between direct and fetal effects in
      production traits.
AB  - The correlation between sire of fetus effect and sire of cow effect on three
      production traits - milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield - in first lactation
      cows was investigated. Restricted maximum likelihood techniques were used. There
      was a small sire of fetus variance for milk yield, h2 .23%, while the sire of
      fetus variances for fat and protein were very small and negative. For milk yield
      the genetic correlation between sire of fetus effect and sire of cow effect was 
      .82. The negative sire of fetus variances for fat and protein precluded
      calculation of genetic correlations, both with sire of cow effects for fat and
      protein, and with each other and with milk yield for sire of fetus effects.

PMID- 4031192
TI  - Estimation of genetic parameters for stayability in Canadian Holsteins.
AB  - Hazard functions were plotted and troughs were used to define stayability traits
      that best coincided with the time of culling decisions. Traits evaluated were
      stayability to 17, 30, 43, and 55 mo of productive life and stayability to 42,
      54, 66, and 78 mo of total life. Holstein data from Record of Performance and
      supervised Dairy Herd Improvement and Dairy Herd Analysis Service testing
      programs formed two data sets with 243,348 and 118,362 daughters of 10,723 and
      4,583 sires, respectively, and were used to estimate stayability heritabilities
      and correlations. Variance components were estimated by Henderson's new method
      using a model that included a fixed herd-year-season of first calving effect and
      random sire and error effects. Heritabilities for stayability to 17, 30, 43, and
      55 mo of productive life were .025, .040, .039, and .033, respectively, for the
      Record of Performance data and .010, .017, .023, and .033, respectively, for the
      Dairy Herd Improvement-Dairy Herd Analysis Service supervised data. Heritability
      estimates for stayability to 42, 54, 66, and 78 mo of total life were .051, .040,
      .045, and .059, respectively, for the Dairy Herd Improvement-Dairy Herd Analysis
      Service supervised data. Genetic correlations among productive life traits were
      usually very high and approached unity. Genetic correlations among total life
      traits were lower and more variable. Most phenotypic correlations were moderately
      high but some were low. Stayability to 17 mo of productive life was concluded to
      be the best trait for incorporation into a selection program if evaluation of
      sires for longevity is desired.

PMID- 4031193
TI  - Relationships between herd type and genetic and environmental variances in
      Holsteins.
AB  - Type classification data from the Holstein Association of Canada on 354,308
      daughters of 13,694 sires were subdivided into 20 groups of approximately equal
      size according to herd average final score. Genetic and environmental variances
      were estimated for each group by Henderson's new method. Traits considered and
      their heritabilities averaged over groups were: final score .13; final class .11;
      dairy character .17; capacity .24; rump .16; feet and legs .10; mammary system
      .12; fore udder .12; rear udder .12; size .31. Regressions of genetic variances
      on group number ordered according to herd final score indicated significant
      trends only for rump and feet and legs for which higher genetic variances were
      found for higher type scores. Regressions of environmental variances on group
      number were significant for all traits. Higher environmental variances were found
      for lower final scores, final class, dairy character, and capacity, but the
      opposite was observed for size. The distribution of environmental variances
      across groups was U-shaped for rump, feet and legs, for udder, and rear udder;
      lowest variances were associated with intermediate scores for overall type.

PMID- 4031194
TI  - Differences in modified contemporary comparison sire evaluations from first and
      later lactations by breed.
AB  - Sire evaluations from three sets of daughter records, first records only (first),
      later records after firsts (later), and all records (all) by Modified
      Contemporary Comparison procedures were used to examine differences in first and
      later lactation evaluations by breed. January 1984 evaluations for milk for 767
      Ayrshires, 3,175 Guernsey, 29,498 Holstein, 3,530 Jersey, and 984 Brown Swiss
      bulls with 10 or more daughters in each set were used. Average differences
      between evaluations (later minus first) were 36, 0, 6, 35, and 35 kg milk for
      Ayrshire, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, and Brown Swiss bulls. Standard deviations
      of the difference were 114, 94, 142, 91, and 134 kg, showing considerable sire-to
      sire variation in difference. Correlations between evaluations based on first and
      later records were .84 to .86 for all breeds except .92 for Jerseys. Percent of
      first lactations culled was correlated .20, .18, .16, .16, and .19 with
      difference for Ayrshire, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, and Brown Swiss, indicating
      that culling produced larger differences between evaluations for first and later
      lactations in favor of later evaluations. Prediction of sire evaluation from
      later records was enhanced by knowledge of sire's age in addition to first
      evaluation for Guernsey, Holstein and Jersey sires. In these breeds, for a
      constant first evaluation, and percent culled in first lactation, younger bulls
      had higher evaluations from later records. This study showed important
      differences between evaluations from first and later records for all breeds.

PMID- 4031195
TI  - Factors affecting reproductive performance of dairy cows.
AB  - We conducted two studies to determine how herd management practices and traits of
      individual cows affect performance of the herd and of the cow within a herd.
      Management practices, reproductive performance of the herd, and relationships
      between management and reproductive performance were characterized on 83 dairy
      farms with 7596 cows. Data included 21 management variables (e.g., facilities,
      herd health program, estrous detection program) and 8 performance variables
      obtained from Dairy Herd Improvement or unofficial records (e.g., size of herd,
      production, days open). Although varying among herds, annual average herd
      incidences of reproductive disorders and reproductive performance were similar to
      those reported. Managerial practices influenced incidences of retained placenta
      and uterine infection, days open of cows not bred and of all cows, services per
      conception, and percentages of herd open more than 100 days and culled for low
      production. Veterinarian was the most consistent variable influencing herd
      reproductive performance. Data also were collected from production and lifetime
      records of 2532 cows in 19 herds. Reproductive performance was affected by season
      of calving, production, maturity, and reproductive disorders. Several cows with
      extremely poor reproductive records were maintained.

PMID- 4031196
TI  - Interrelationships of milk yield, body weight, and reproductive performance.
AB  - Records (2263) from a single north Florida herd for 3 yr were evaluated in a
      series of analyses. Environment was subtropical. Data set included only cows that
      had normal milk records and became pregnant. Holsteins and Jerseys averaged 6799
      and 4504 kg milk, 587 and 418 kg postpartum body weight, 164 and 141 days open,
      and 2.3 and 2.1 services per subsequent pregnancy. Pooled within breed,
      repeatabilities and heritabilities of these performance measures were .37, .15;
      .53, .25; .20, .06; and .30, 0. Estimable genetic correlations were milk yield
      and body weight -.09, milk yield and services per conception .38, and services
      per conception and body weight .37; range of standard errors was .22 to .39.
      Substantial genetic antagonism may exist between milk yield and body weight, and
      efficient reproduction. If results of this research are verified elsewhere,
      breeders should be aware that selection for increased weight could lead to
      decreased reproductive efficiency.

PMID- 4031197
TI  - Comparison of total and free cortisol in bovine serum and milk or colostrum.
AB  - Total (free plus protein-bound) and free cortisol concentrations in paired
      samples of serum and skim milk or colostrum were determined by specific
      radioimmunoassay after extraction or ultrafiltration. For 11 cows in established
      lactation mean total cortisol concentrations +/- SE in serum and milk were 4.5 +/
      .7 ng/ml and .35 +/- .06 ng/ml, respectively. Concentrations of free cortisol in
      serum and milk were about .3 ng/ml, which is at the lower limit of the present
      assay. Following 200 IU Synacthen injection to 5 cows, total cortisol in serum
      and milk rose to 67 +/- 6.0 ng/ml and 11.4 +/- 1.5 ng/ml by 8 h postinjection,
      while free concentrations increased to 4.3 +/- .7 ng/ml and 6.5 +/- .8 ng/ml in
      serum and milk, respectively. Eight additional cows were sampled at 1 to 2 d
      after parturition, and total cortisol in serum and colostrum was 16.6 +/- 1.6
      ng/ml and 4.4 +/- 1.3 ng/ml, and free cortisol was 2.4 +/- .4 ng/ml and 1.8 +/-
      .5 ng/ml, respectively. Free cortisol concentrations in colostrum or in milk from
      cows in established lactation, before or after adrenal stimulation, are directly
      related to free cortisol concentrations in the blood, while the bound cortisol in
      milk is more related to these two stages of lactation rather than the bound
      hormone in the blood. Measurement of free cortisol in milk should allow the
      monitoring of changes in plasma free cortisol in studies of stress in dairy cows.

PMID- 4031198
TI  - Stress and activity management: group treatment for cancer patients and spouses.

PMID- 4031199
TI  - Development of anticipatory nausea: a prospective analysis.

PMID- 4031200
TI  - Partner support and other determinants of smoking cessation maintenance among
      women.

PMID- 4031201
TI  - Longitudinal follow-up of unipolar depressives: an investigation of predictors of
      relapse.

PMID- 4031202
TI  - Personality test correlates of psychiatric case history data.

PMID- 4031203
TI  - Factor structure and correlates of ratings of inattention, hyperactivity, and
      antisocial behavior in a large sample of 9-year-old children from the general
      population.

PMID- 4031204
TI  - Depression Self-Rating Scale: utility with child psychiatric inpatients.

PMID- 4031205
TI  - Children's loneliness: a comparison of rejected and neglected peer status.

PMID- 4031206
TI  - Scale for the assessment of reality testing: reliability, validity, and factorial
      invariance.

PMID- 4031208
TI  - Comparison of external correlates of MMPI substance abuse scales across sex and
      race.

PMID- 4031207
TI  - Do alcohol expectancies mediate drinking patterns of adults?

PMID- 4031209
TI  - On the meaning of the WISC-R third factor: relations to selected
      neuropsychological measures.

PMID- 4031210
TI  - Cognitive bias and depression in psychiatrically disturbed children and
      adolescents.

PMID- 4031211
TI  - Peer-led program for the treatment and prevention of obesity in the schools.

PMID- 4031212
TI  - Effects of marital role problems and the self-concept on wives' depressed mood.

PMID- 4031213
TI  - Temperament characteristics of suicide attempters.

PMID- 4031214
TI  - Personality factors and change with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4031215
TI  - Contracting for treatment termination to reduce illicit drug use among methadone
      maintenance treatment failures.

PMID- 4031216
TI  - Solicitation of elderly depressives for treatment outcome research: a comparison
      of referral sources.

PMID- 4031217
TI  - Cognitive rehabilitation of memory functioning in amnesiac alcoholics.

PMID- 4031218
TI  - Faking good and faking bad on the Personality Inventory for Children-Revised,
      shortened format.

PMID- 4031219
TI  - Cautions in interpretation of comparisons between the WAIS-R and the Wechsler
      Memory Scale.

PMID- 4031220
TI  - The dissociation of an experience: the hidden observer observed.

PMID- 4031222
TI  - Behavioral compliance with direct and indirect body movement suggestions.

PMID- 4031221
TI  - Hypnotic hallucination alters evoked potentials.

PMID- 4031223
TI  - Hypnosis as a retrieval cue in posthypnotic amnesia.

PMID- 4031224
TI  - Social networks and developmental psychopathology: a comparison of adolescent
      children of a depressed, arthritic, or normal parent.

PMID- 4031225
TI  - Mania and low self-esteem.

PMID- 4031226
TI  - Obsessional personality traits and risk for bipolar affective disorder: an
      offspring study.

PMID- 4031227
TI  - Depressive symptoms among physically abused and psychiatrically disturbed
      children.

PMID- 4031228
TI  - Depressive self-schemas, life stress, and vulnerability to depression.

PMID- 4031229
TI  - The phenomenon of panic.

PMID- 4031230
TI  - Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: analysis of marital
      and cohabitating adjustment.

PMID- 4031231
TI  - Responses of psychophysiologic and subjective insomniacs to auditory stimuli
      during sleep: a replication and extension.

PMID- 4031232
TI  - A PIC profile typology of children and adolescents: 1. Empirically derived
      alternative to traditional diagnosis.

PMID- 4031233
TI  - Multiple personality: a social psychological perspective.

PMID- 4031234
TI  - Susceptibility to type A backward pattern masking among hypothetically psychosis
      prone college students.

PMID- 4031235
TI  - Social anhedonia in the prediction of psychosis proneness.

PMID- 4031236
TI  - Interpersonal competence among college men hypothesized to be at risk for
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 4031237
TI  - Low birth weight and ventricular enlargement in a high-risk sample.

PMID- 4031238
TI  - Span of apprehension deficits in children vulnerable to psychopathology: a
      failure to replicate.

PMID- 4031239
TI  - Applications of neuronal labeling techniques to the study of the peripheral
      auditory system.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) techniques have recently been applied to the study
      of the peripheral auditory system. These techniques make it possible to trace
      single, auditory-nerve fibers from their peripheral terminals on sensory cells to
      their central terminations within the cochlear nucleus. For the large, myelinated
      axons of type-I neurons contacting inner hair cells, HRP can be injected
      intracellularly through the same electrode used to record neural activity,
      allowing correlations to be made between structure and function on a single-cell
      basis. From these data, a cochlear frequency map has been constructed, and
      morphological correlates of differences in spontaneous discharge have been
      identified. For the small, unmyelinated axons of type-II neurons contacting outer
      hair cells, single-unit recordings have not yet been made; however, these neurons
      have been labeled by gross extracellular injections of HRP. Extracellular
      injections have also been used to study the peripheral terminations of single
      efferent neurons projecting to the outer hair cell region. The afferent fibers to
      the outer hair cell (OHC) region contact primarily OHCs from the third row, while
      efferent fibers primarily contact cells from the first row. Single efferent
      fibers innervate OHCs over a significantly larger cochlear length than single
      afferent fibers of either type. Possible functional interpretations of these
      morphological differences are discussed.

PMID- 4031241
TI  - Mathematical modeling of cochlear mechanics.
AB  - The recent discovery of oto-acoustic emissions [see Zurek, J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
      78, 340-344 (1985)] and the newer measures of the micromechanics of the inner ear
      have generated renewed interest in quantitative descriptions of the biomechanics
      of the cochlea. Active elements (mechanical force generators) are thought to be
      essential for producing the high sensitivity and sharp tuning typically
      associated with normal cochlear function. A mechanical model with active elements
      is described which can simulate basilar membrane displacements with neural-like
      tuning and peak amplitudes of about 1 nm at the threshold of hearing. In
      addition, such models might help explain the source of oto-acoustic emissions.
      The paper describes the power of the recent attempts at providing quantitative
      descriptions and predictions of the mechanics of the cochlea.

PMID- 4031240
TI  - Acoustic emissions from the ear: a summary of results from humans and animals.
AB  - As mentioned in Saunders et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 299-311 (1985)] an
      understanding of the transduction of sound into the auditory neural code is a
      major goal of the hearing scientist. A variety of tools has been and is being
      used to achieve that goal. The recent discovery of physical acoustic emissions
      from the ear provides both new insight into possible transduction mechanisms and
      a useful new tool for research. The existence of narrow-band spontaneous acoustic
      emissions from the ear suggests the possibility of active cochlear processes that
      were not seriously considered a decade ago. Acoustic emissions, both spontaneous
      and evoked, also provide a simple and noninvasive means of monitoring a by
      product of cochlear-mechanical activity. In the present paper, results of studies
      of acoustic emissions from human ears are briefly summarized and compared to
      results obtained with animals. Differences between human and animal emissions are
      noted and the implications of these differences and hypotheses to explain them
      are discussed.

PMID- 4031242
TI  - Patterns of organization in auditory cortex.
AB  - Previous work has described recently developed techniques that are contributing
      to advances in the study of the auditory system; some of these techniques have
      been used to make significant progress in this field. This paper includes a
      discussion of the tonotopic and binaural organizations of the auditory cortex
      (especially area AI), the neuronal connections between auditory cortical fields,
      the relationships between the functional maps and the connectivity patterns, the
      nature of binaural processing within AI, and the techniques used to assess the
      structural and functional properties of this portion of the central auditory
      pathway.

PMID- 4031243
TI  - The owl's cochlear nuclei process different sound localization cues.
AB  - This paper discusses how the barn owl's brain stem auditory pathway is divided
      into two physiologically and anatomically segregated channels for separate
      processing of interaural phase and intensity cues for sound localization. The
      paper also points out the power of the "downstream" approach by which the
      emergence of a higher-order neuron's stimulus selectivity can be traced through
      lower-order stations.

PMID- 4031244
TI  - Central factors in the discrimination and identification of complex sounds.
AB  - The paper by Jesteadt and Norton [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 365-374 (1985)]
      described certain similarities between psychophysical and physiological measures
      of frequency selectivity. Although the hearing of naturally occurring sounds is
      dependent upon these peripherally based relationships, recent research has shown
      that other, more central, processes are also strongly involved in the perception
      of complex acoustic events. The present paper describes research on the
      discrimination of complex sounds other than those of speech or music. In contrast
      to the more peripherally determined limits on the listener's sensitivity for
      single tones and other simple stimuli, the processing of complex sounds requires
      the interaction of peripheral and central mechanisms. These issues are discussed
      in relation to recent studies of the responses of the cochlea to speech stimuli.
      It is suggested that the peripheral processor may be relatively transparent to
      the essential spectral-temporal properties of speech, whereas more central
      processing severely limits the rates and amount of information that can be
      extracted from complex sounds.

PMID- 4031245
TI  - Speech perception: some new directions in research and theory.
AB  - The perception of speech is one of the most fascinating attributes of human
      behavior; both the auditory periphery and higher centers help define the
      parameters of sound perception. In this paper some of the fundamental perceptual
      problems facing speech sciences are described. The paper focuses on several of
      the new directions speech perception research is taking to solve these problems.
      Recent developments suggest that major breakthroughs in research and theory will
      soon be possible. The current study of segmentation, invariance, and
      normalization are described. The paper summarizes some of the new techniques used
      to understand auditory perception of speech signals and their linguistic
      significance to the human listener.

PMID- 4031246
TI  - Influence of following context on perception of the voiced-voiceless distinction
      in syllable-final stop consonants.
AB  - This paper reports acoustic measurements and results from a series of perceptual
      experiments on the voiced-voiceless distinction for syllable-final stop
      consonants in absolute final position and in the context of a following syllable
      beginning with a different stop consonant. The focus is on temporal cues to the
      distinction, with vowel duration and silent closure duration as the primary and
      secondary dimensions, respectively. The main results are that adding a second
      syllable to a monosyllable increases the number of voiced stop consonant
      responses, as does shortening of the closure duration in disyllables. Both of
      these effects are consistent with temporal regularities in speech production:
      Vowel durations are shorter in the first syllable of disyllables than in
      monosyllables, and closure durations are shorter for voiced than for voiceless
      stops in disyllabic utterances of this type. While the perceptual effects thus
      may derive from two separate sources of tacit phonetic knowledge available to
      listeners, the data are also consistent with an interpretation in terms of a
      single effect; one of temporal proximity of following context.

PMID- 4031247
TI  - Masking-period patterns: presentation of a model compatible with an enlarged set
      of psychophysical and physiological results.
AB  - Masking-period patterns (MPP) have been regarded by Zwicker [J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
      59, 166-175 (1976)] as psychoacoustic equivalents of period histograms (PH)
      measured in auditory neurons. Various models have been proposed in the literature
      to account for his results. We present here a set of results on the MPP produced
      by a 40-Hz triangular masker that cannot be reproduced by any of these models.
      This leads to the elaboration of a new model for predicting MPP assuming the
      existence of nonlinearities in the basilar membrane, and based on neural fast
      adaptation and rectification, and a simple detection device. This model is shown
      to be able to account for the whole set of available results, and thus to provide
      a good basis for the use of MPP as a psychoacoustic tool for the study of PH.

PMID- 4031248
TI  - Additivity of simultaneous masking, revisited.
AB  - Lutfi [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 262-267 (1983)] compared simultaneous masking
      functions (signal threshold versus masker level) for individual sinusoidal and
      narrow-band noise maskers, and for those maskers presented in pairs. Lutfi found
      that the pairs of maskers produced 10-17 dB "excess" masking over that predicted
      from the linear sum of their individual masking and explained the results in
      terms of a model in which the effects of the maskers are summed after undergoing
      independent compressive transformations. This paper describes experiments similar
      to those of Lutfi, and presents evidence suggesting that Lutfi's results may have
      been influenced by two factors: (1) combination-product detection, and (2) the
      use of different detection cues for single maskers and for pairs of maskers.
      Experiment I showed that when the stimulus conditions were chosen so as to
      minimize the likelihood of combination-product detection, "excess" masking was
      only 3-5 dB. Experiment II supported the idea that for a single narrow-band noise
      masker, subjects make use of the relatively slow envelope fluctuations to enhance
      performance. When two independent narrow-band noise maskers are added, the
      effectiveness of this cue is reduced, and between 3 and 9 dB of "excess" masking
      occurs. When the two noises are derived from the same source, and have correlated
      envelope fluctuations, no "excess" masking occurs. The results indicate that
      Lufti's compressive-nonlinearity model clearly fails in some situations.

PMID- 4031249
TI  - Intensity difference limens at high frequencies.
AB  - Thresholds for amplitude modulation detection were obtained from four subjects at
      frequencies of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 kHz for sensation levels of 15, 30, 45, and 60
      dB and modulation rates of 2, 4, and 8 Hz. High-frequency difference limens
      calculated from amplitude modulation thresholds were found to change
      nonmonotonically as a function of sensation level, independent of modulation
      rate. This nonmonotonic relation stemmed mainly from a gradual reduction of the
      difference limen at the lowest sensation level with increasing frequency.
      Difference limens for pulsed tone discrimination were also measured in two of the
      subjects at 2, 6, and 10 kHz and sensation levels of 15, 30, 45, and 60 dB. The
      relation between intensity discrimination and sensation level was similar to that
      found for amplitude modulation detection. These findings are interpreted as
      indicating that the nonmonotonic relation between sensation level and intensity
      resolution is a general characteristic of stimulus processing at higher
      frequencies.

PMID- 4031250
TI  - Lateralization of sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones: effects of spectral
      locus and temporal variation.
AB  - It has long been recognized that listeners are sensitive to interaural temporal
      disparities (ITDs) of low-frequency (i.e., below 1600 Hz) stimuli. Within the
      last three decades, it has often been demonstrated that listeners are also
      sensitive to ITDs within the envelope of high-frequency, complex stimuli. Because
      these studies, for the most part, employed discrimination tasks, few data exist
      concerning the extent of laterality produced by ITDs as a function of the
      spectral locus of the stimulus. To this end, we employed an acoustic "pointing"
      task in which listeners varied the interaural intensity difference of a 500-Hz
      narrow-band noise (the pointer) so that it matched the intracranial position of a
      second, experimenter-controlled stimulus (the target). Targets were sinusoidally
      amplitude-modulated tones centered on 500 Hz, 1, 2, 3, or 4 kHz and modulated at
      rates ranging from 50 to 800 Hz. Targets were presented with either the entire
      waveform delayed or with only the envelope delayed. Our results suggest that: (1)
      for low-frequency targets, lateralization is influenced by ITDs in the envelope
      but is dominated by ITDs in the fine structure; (2) for high-frequency targets,
      envelope-based delays produce displacements of the acoustic images which are
      affected greatly by the rate of modulation; rather large extents of laterality
      could be produced with high rates of modulation; these data are consistent with
      those obtained previously in discrimination experiments; (3) for low rates of
      modulation (e.g., 100 Hz), delays of the entire waveform (both envelope and fine
      structure) produce much greater displacements of the acoustic image for low
      frequency than for high-frequency targets (where fine-structure-based cues are
      not utilizable); (4) there appear to be no consistent relations among extent of
      laterality, rate of modulation, and the frequency of the carrier within and
      across listeners.

PMID- 4031251
TI  - Localization of sound in rooms, II: The effects of a single reflecting surface.
AB  - Auditory localization was studied in a room bounded by a single acoustically
      reflective surface. The position of that surface was varied so as to stimulate a
      floor, a ceiling, and left and right side walls. The surface was eliminated in
      one condition so that we could examine localization in free field for purposes of
      comparison. Using a source identification method we assessed the influences of
      these various room configurations on the localization of both slow-onset and
      impulsive sine tones of low frequency (500 Hz). We also measured the steady-state
      interaural-time-difference (ITD) and interaural-intensity-difference (IID) cues
      available to subjects in the different room configurations and compared these
      data with the perceptual judgments. Our results indicate the following: (1) A
      sound must include transients if the precedence effect is to operate as an aid to
      its localization in rooms. (2) Even if transients are present the precedence
      effect does not eliminate all influences of room reflections. (3) Due to the
      interference of reflections large interaural intensity differences may occur in a
      room and these have a considerable influence on localization; this is true even
      at low frequencies for which IID cues do not exist in a free field. (4) Listeners
      appear to have certain expectations about the reliability and plausibility of
      various directional cues and perceptually weight the cues accordingly; we suggest
      that this may explain, in part, the large variation in time-intensity trading
      ratios reported in the literature and also the differing reports regarding the
      importance of onsets for localization. (5) In this study we find that onset cues
      are of some importance to localization even in free field.

PMID- 4031252
TI  - Vibrotactile forward masking: psychophysical evidence for a triplex theory of
      cutaneous mechanoreception.
AB  - Threshold shifts for the detection of vibrotactile test stimuli were determined
      as a function of the intensity of a masker. A 50-ms sinusoidal test stimulus was
      applied to the thenar eminence of the hand 25 ms after the termination of a 700
      ms sinusoidal masker applied to the same site. The frequency of the test stimulus
      and the frequency of the masker were varied. To eliminate the influence of the
      Pacinian receptor system, stimuli were delivered through a 0.01-cm2 contactor.
      The results support the hypothesis that the detection of vibration delivered
      through a small contactor is determined by two separate populations of non
      Pacinian receptors. The study constitutes a psychophysical demonstration of the
      existence of three receptor systems responsible for the detection of vibration.

PMID- 4031253
TI  - Postnatal development of physiological responses in auditory nerve fibers.
AB  - The discharges of auditory nerve fibers in kittens 4-37 days of age were recorded
      from micropipette electrodes. Tuning curves, thresholds, and the degree of tuning
      (Q 10) are compared over this age range. The tuning curves for fibers during the
      first postnatal week are relatively flat, with thresholds above 100 dB SPL. The
      response areas of VIII-nerve fibers during this period are restricted to low-to
      middle frequencies. With increasing age there is a reduction in threshold and an
      increase in the sharpness of tuning which is dependent on fiber CF. Response
      characteristics similar to adult VIII-nerve fibers were observed first for fibers
      with CFs near 5 kHz. For the response measures used here, VIII-nerve fibers in
      kittens are adultlike by the third to fourth postnatal week. The results are
      discussed in relation to the morphological development of the cochlea reported by
      other investigators.

PMID- 4031254
TI  - Auditory brain stem responses from human infants: pure-tone masking profiles for
      clicks and filtered clicks.
AB  - The effects of simultaneous pure-tone maskers on ABR wave V latency and amplitude
      were examined in three-month-old infants as a means of delineating the frequency
      specificity of these responses in the immature auditory system. Masking profiles
      at two intensities (60 and 40 dBn HL) were obtained for click, as well as 4000-
      and 1000-Hz filtered-click stimuli. Infant profiles, obtained by measuring both
      latency and amplitude shifts as a result of the discrete-frequency maskers, were
      compared to adult data obtained under an identical masking paradigm. Both latency
      and amplitude analyses showed masking profiles for infants which reveal greater
      low-frequency contribution to responses than found in adult profiles.
      Additionally, the infant profiles reveal clear differences in the degree of high
      frequency spread of masking when comparisons are made to the adult data.

PMID- 4031255
TI  - Critique of "Measures of the sentence intonation of read and spontaneous speech
      in American English".

PMID- 4031256
TI  - Perceptual learning in frequency discrimination.
AB  - This study was concerned with the effects of training on the frequency
      discrimination ability of human listeners. Frequency discrimination at 200 Hz was
      tested before and after training. Four groups of listeners received training in
      four different frequency regions, 200, 360, 2500, and 6000 Hz. It was found that
      training at 200, 360, and 2500 Hz all provided comparable improvement in
      discrimination performance at 200 Hz whereas training at 6000 Hz provided less
      improvement. This result is consistent with the idea that frequency
      discrimination and pitch perception are mediated by different processes at high
      (greater than 5000 Hz) and low (less than 5000 Hz) frequencies.

PMID- 4031257
TI  - Transformation of sound-pressure level from the free field to the eardrum
      presented in numerical form.
AB  - In an earlier work [E. A. G. Shaw, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 1848-1861 (1974)],
      self-consistent families of curves which best fitted the experimental data from
      12 studies were presented to show the average sound-pressure transformation from
      the free field to the human eardrum in the horizontal plane. Tabulated values of
      azimuthal dependence at 15-deg intervals in azimuth and transformation to the
      eardrum at 0 degree azimuth are given at 43 selected frequencies between 0.2 and
      12 kHz. These values are self-consistent within 0.1 dB.

PMID- 4031258
TI  - The effect of segmental and suprasegmental corrections on the intelligibility of
      deaf speech.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of segmental and
      suprasegmental corrections on the intelligibility and judged quality of deaf
      speech. By means of digital signal processing techniques, including LPC analysis,
      transformations of separate speech sounds, temporal structure, and intonation
      were carried out on 30 Dutch sentences spoken by ten deaf children. The
      transformed sentences were tested for intelligibility and acceptability by
      presenting them to inexperienced listeners. In experiment 1, LPC based reflection
      coefficients describing segmental characteristics of deaf speakers were replaced
      by those of hearing speakers. A complete segmental correction caused a dramatic
      increase in intelligibility from 24% to 72%, which, for a major part, was due to
      correction of vowels. Experiment 2 revealed that correction of temporal structure
      and intonation caused only a small improvement from 24% to about 34%. Combination
      of segmental and suprasegmental corrections yielded almost perfectly
      understandable sentences, due to a more than additive effect of the two
      corrections. Quality judgments, collected in experiment 3, were in close
      agreement with the intelligibility measures. The results show that, in order for
      these speakers to become more intelligible, improving their articulation is more
      important than improving their production of temporal structure and intonation.

PMID- 4031259
TI  - Speech recognition in noise by individuals with mild hearing impairments.
AB  - The study was designed to test the validity of the American Academy of
      Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology's (AAOO) 26-dB average hearing threshold level
      at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz as a predictor of hearing handicap. To investigate this
      criterion the performance of a normal-hearing group was compared with that of two
      groups, categorized according to the AAOO [Trans. Am. Acad. Ophthal. Otolaryng.
      63, 236-238 (1959)] guidelines as having no handicap. The latter groups, however,
      had significant hearing losses in the frequencies above 2000 Hz. Mean hearing
      threshold levels for 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz were 54 dB for group II and 63 dB
      for group III. Two kinds of speech stimuli were presented at an A-weighted sound
      level of 60 dB in quiet and in three different levels of noise. The resulting
      speech recognition scores were significantly lower for the hearing-impaired
      groups than for the normal-hearing group on both kinds of speech materials and in
      all three noise conditions. Mean scores for group III were significantly lower
      than those of the normal-hearing group, even in the quiet condition. Speech
      recognition scores showed significantly better correlation with hearing levels
      for frequency combinations including frequencies above 2000 Hz than for the 500-,
      1000-, and 2000-Hz combination. On the basis of these results the author
      recommends that the 26-dB fence should be somewhat lower, and that frequencies
      above 2000 Hz should be included in any scheme for evaluating hearing handicap.

PMID- 4031260
TI  - Prior stimulation and the masking-level difference.
AB  - Signal detection in diotic (NoSo) and dichotic (NoS pi) conditions was measured
      as a function of the stimulus parameters of the noise that preceded the signal
      plus-masker. When the signal and masker were both pulsed, dichotic signal
      detection was worse than when the masker was continuous or when the onset of the
      masker preceded the signal-plus-masker by at least 500 ms. The dichotic detection
      thresholds decreased as the duration of the pulsed signal plus pulsed masker was
      increased. The level, spectrum, interaural configuration, duration, and temporal
      proximity of the prior noise (forward fringe) relative to the masker and/or
      signal and masker were all investigated. Almost any difference between the
      parameters of the fringe and the masker resulted in poorer signal detection in
      the dichotic conditions. These same stimulus conditions produced small (less than
      2.2 dB) changes in the diotic detection thresholds. The various models of the
      Masking-Level Difference (MLD) may be modified to qualitatively describe some of
      these results.

PMID- 4031261
TI  - The comparative effects of signal sensation level and sound-pressure level on
      interaural time discrimination.
AB  - A series of experiments was performed to examine the extent to which precision of
      interaural time discrimination depends on the sound-pressure level (SPL) and/or
      sensation level (SL) of the signal. All experiments used a tone burst signal and
      a continuous white noise masker, which was either diotic or interaurally phase
      reversed. Results of the first experiment indicate that (1) at equal signal SLs,
      interaural time and intensity discrimination is more precise when measured with
      the added diotic noise, and (2) addition of the phase reversed noise, previously
      shown to cause less precise interaural time discrimination, has a similar effect
      on interaural intensity discrimination. In the second experiment, interaural time
      JNDs for a signal of constant SPL were measured as a function of noise level.
      Results show that a low-level diotic noise can benefit interaural time
      discrimination, particularly at 500 Hz. The third and fourth experiments were
      performed to measure interaural time discrimination as a function of increasing
      signal SPL but constant signal-to-noise ratio. The data show the JND decreasing
      with increasing signal SPL at nearly the same rate with or without the added
      noise, indicating that an increase in signal-to-noise ratio is not necessary for
      improved discrimination.

PMID- 4031262
TI  - Effects of frequency modulation on absolute, masked, and reflex thresholds.
AB  - Behavioral and acoustic reflex thresholds were determined for five normal-hearing
      subjects in response to carrier signals of 500 and 2000 Hz which were unmodulated
      or modulated sinusoidally at rates of 2, 20, and 200 times per second with
      frequency deviations (delta f) of 30, 100, and 300 Hz. Behavioral (absolute and
      masked) thresholds were determined using an adaptive two-alternative forced
      choice procedure. Acoustic reflex thresholds were determined by visual inspection
      of stored reflex waveforms. Frequency modulation was not found to exert a
      systematic effect at absolute threshold. Frequency modulation did affect
      threshold estimates systematically, but differentially, at masked threshold and
      acoustic reflex threshold. Increasing the frequency deviation of the modulation
      was associated with an increase in masked threshold and with a decrease in
      acoustic reflex threshold at both test frequencies. The findings are discussed in
      terms of critical band phenomena.

PMID- 4031263
TI  - Incidence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in children and infants.
AB  - Whereas some evidence indicates that spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs)
      may be a manifestation of the normal functioning of an active feedback mechanism
      in the cochlea, other evidence suggests that emissions may be the result of the
      interaction of such a feedback mechanism with localized outer-hair-cell damage.
      The present study surveyed the incidence of SOAEs in children and infants. If
      SOAEs are correlated with outer-hair-cell damage, the incidence of SOAEs might be
      expected to be lower in these two groups than in adults. The results showed no
      difference in the incidence of SOAEs with age. They also showed a significant
      tendency for a higher incidence of SOAEs in females than in males.

PMID- 4031264
TI  - Derivation and implementation of air criteria during hazardous waste site
      cleanups.

PMID- 4031265
TI  - Time from onset of symptoms to thrombolytic therapy: a major determinant of
      myocardial salvage in patients with acute transmural infarction.
AB  - To determine whether myocardial salvage after successful intracoronary or
      intravenous thrombolysis is time dependent, the relation between left ventricular
      wall motion and the time to treatment was studied in 69 patients admitted less
      than 3 hours after onset of acute transmural myocardial infarction (42 patients
      with reperfusion by intracoronary streptokinase, 27 by intravenous urokinase). A
      similar significant relation between the time to treatment and the severity of
      regional hypokinesia at follow-up was found in the intracoronary and intravenous
      groups. To better define this relation, particularly during the early phase of
      infarction, the groups were combined. In patients in whom thrombolytic treatment
      was initiated within 2 hours after symptom onset, wall motion at follow-up was
      within 2 standard deviations of the normal mean in 82% (14 of 17 patients). If
      treatment was started 2 to 5 hours after symptom onset, the probability of
      improved wall motion decreased to 46% (24 of 52 patients, p less than 0.025). The
      time/wall motion relation appeared to be independent of infarct location,
      angiographically visible collateral vessels and the presence of subtotal coronary
      artery occlusion. The severity of hypokinesia at follow-up study correlated with
      the magnitude of peak serum creatine kinase (r = -0.71), indicating that
      thrombolytic therapy initiated within 2 hours after the onset of symptoms
      improves regional left ventricular function and reduces infarct size more than
      later therapy does.

PMID- 4031266
TI  - Systemic embolism in chronic left ventricular aneurysm: incidence and the role of
      anticoagulation.
AB  - The incidence and prevention of systemic embolism in patients with chronic left
      ventricular aneurysm have been controversial. This retrospective study
      investigated the incidence of clinically evident embolic events and the effect of
      oral anticoagulation in patients with unequivocal angiographically defined left
      ventricular aneurysm. Between 1971 and 1979, 76 patients met the
      ventriculographic criteria and received initial medical management. The median
      interval from myocardial infarction to ventriculography was 11 months (range 1
      month to 16 years) and subsequent median follow-up time was 5 years. Twenty
      patients receiving anticoagulant therapy were followed up for a total of 40
      patient-years and 69 patients not on anticoagulant therapy were followed up for a
      total of 288 patient-years; 13 patients were included in both subsets. Twenty
      eight patients died during follow-up and the 3 and 5 year survival rates were 75
      and 61%, respectively. Only one patient not receiving anticoagulant therapy had a
      clinical embolic event, resulting in an incidence of 0.35 per 100 patient-years.
      Therefore, in the absence of other predisposing conditions, the extremely low
      incidence of systemic emboli in these patients with chronic (first documented at
      least 1 month after myocardial infarction) left ventricular aneurysm does not
      justify the use of long-term oral anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 4031267
TI  - Comparison of high pulse repetition frequency and continuous wave Doppler
      echocardiography in the assessment of high flow velocity in patients with
      valvular stenosis and regurgitation.
AB  - Continuous wave Doppler echocardiography has proved useful in detecting and
      quantitating the high velocity flow disturbances that characterize many stenotic
      and regurgitant valvular lesions. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography, in contrast,
      is limited in its ability to quantitate the high velocities that are detected.
      Recently, new pulsed Doppler systems have been developed that employ high pulse
      repetition frequencies and can theoretically measure higher flow velocities than
      those measured by the standard pulsed Doppler systems. To determine the ability
      of high pulse repetition frequency Doppler echocardiography to accurately measure
      high velocity flow signals in comparison with the continuous wave method, 80
      patients undergoing routine echocardiographic examination for the assessment of
      valvular heart disease were studied using both techniques. A total of 113 high
      velocity flow disturbances were detected in 68 patients. In 41 instances, the
      maximal velocities by the two methods were within 0.5 m/s of each other. In 68 of
      the 113 high velocity lesions, however, the high pulse repetition frequency
      technique underestimated the peak velocity found with continuous wave Doppler
      echocardiography by more than 0.5 m/s. Comparison of the peak velocities recorded
      by the two methods for the total group showed no significant correlation (r =
      0.04, p = NS). Comparison of the difference in peak velocities obtained by the
      two techniques with the maximal continuous wave velocity (n = 94, r = 0.70, slope
      = 0.71) suggested that the underestimation becomes greater as the peak velocity
      increases. Fifteen of the study patients with aortic stenosis subsequently
      underwent catheterization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031268
TI  - Interaction of "supplementary" scintigraphic indicators of ischemia and stress
      electrocardiography in the diagnosis of multivessel coronary disease.
AB  - Lung uptake, ventricular cavitary dilation and basal myocardial uptake represent
      abnormalities that have been associated with myocardial ischemia on stress
      thallium-201 images, but that are supplementary to the conventional assessment of
      perfusion distribution. These "supplementary" indicators of ischemia were related
      to the coronary distribution of perfusion abnormalities, the results of
      electrocardiographic stress testing and to the findings on coronary angiography
      in 73 patients. Forty patients had multivessel coronary disease; 19 of these had
      three vessel disease. Perfusion abnormalities were seen in 39 of these 40
      patients but were indicative of multivessel coronary disease in only 28 and of
      three vessel disease in only 6. However, supplementary indicators were present in
      33 of 40 patients with multivessel disease and in 15 of 19 with three vessel
      disease. Furthermore, they were seen in 16 of 22 patients with multivessel
      disease in whom conventional perfusion abnormalities underestimated the extent of
      disease, but in only 4 of 12 patients in whom the extent of disease was
      overestimated. The presence of either perfusion abnormalities in a multivessel
      distribution or supplementary indicators identified 38 (95%) of 40 patients with
      multivessel disease. A markedly positive electrocardiographic treadmill test was
      a less sensitive indicator of multivessel disease, appearing in only 15 of 40
      patients. However, it was present in only 4 of 33 patients without multivessel
      coronary disease and was more specific for that diagnosis than were supplementary
      scintigraphic indicators (88 versus 67%, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031269
TI  - Peak regional acceleration: a method to identify subtle regional ventricular
      dysfunction from gated blood pool scans at rest in patients with coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - Peak regional acceleration images were obtained from gated blood pool scans at
      rest in 10 normal subjects, 16 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization for
      unstable angina or nontransmural infarction and were found to have normal
      ejection fraction and wall motion and 10 patients with prior infarction and
      regional dyssynergy. The second derivative of the time-activity curve of each
      pixel was generated and the maximal systolic value of the derivative for each
      pixel was displayed as a functional image (peak regional acceleration). Anterior
      and left anterior oblique views were evaluated for abnormalities and the presence
      and location of defects were correlated with the coronary anatomy. The scans from
      the 10 normal subjects were used to establish the normal range for regional
      second derivative values. Both gated blood pool scans and second derivative
      images showed regional abnormalities in all 10 patients with prior transmural
      infarction. Regional abnormalities were present in the second derivative images
      in the distribution of 17 of the 20 coronary arteries with greater than 50%
      stenosis; there were no regional abnormalities in the distribution of 7 of the 8
      arteries with less than 50% stenosis. In addition, regional second derivative
      image abnormalities were present in 15 of the 16 patients with unstable angina
      and normal wall motion and global ejection fraction. These 16 patients showed
      regional abnormalities on second derivative images in the distribution of 19 of
      the 23 coronary arteries with significant stenosis and no regional abnormalities
      in the distribution of 21 of the 23 coronary arteries without significant
      stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031270
TI  - Effects of left ventricular asynchrony on time constant and extrapolated pressure
      of left ventricular pressure decay in coronary artery disease.
AB  - To elucidate the effects of ventricular asynchrony with or without myocardial
      ischemia on the time constant of left ventricular pressure decay and asymptote,
      that is, the level to which pressure would decrease if isovolumic pressure
      decrease continued infinitely, left ventriculography and pressure measurements
      were investigated in 14 normal subjects and 25 patients with coronary artery
      disease. Ventricular asynchrony was quantitated by the segmental area-time curve.
      This study consisted of two parts. 1) After a right atrial pacing stress test,
      the time constant and asymptote remained unchanged in eight normal subjects. In
      18 patients with coronary artery disease and pacing-induced angina, asynchrony
      increased, the time constant was prolonged (64 +/- 13 to 94 +/- 17 ms, p less
      than 0.01) and the asymptote decreased (-22 +/- 10 to -46 +/- 20 mm Hg, p less
      than 0.01) after the pacing. 2) During right ventricular pacing at 80, 100 and
      120 beats/min in the patients, asynchrony increased and the time constant was
      prolonged (55 +/- 7 versus 70 +/- 10, 47 +/- 11 versus 66 +/- 19, 36 +/- 7 versus
      53 +/- 13 ms, respectively, p less than 0.01 versus right atrial pacing), whereas
      the asymptote was unchanged in six normal subjects compared with the value during
      right atrial pacing at each pacing rate. In seven patients with coronary artery
      disease, right ventricular pacing at 80, 100 and 120 beats/min also produced an
      increase in the time constant, while the asymptote was unchanged. Thus,
      prolongation of the time constant of left ventricular pressure decay may result
      from ventricular asynchrony even in the absence of myocardial ischemia.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031271
TI  - Spatial R wave amplitude changes during exercise: relation with left ventricular
      ischemia and function.
AB  - Thirty patients who exhibited increased and 65 patients decreased spatial R wave
      amplitude during exercise testing were compared for left ventricular function and
      ischemic variables. Spatial R wave amplitude was derived from the three
      dimensional Frank X, Y, Z leads using computerized methods. All patients had
      stable coronary artery disease and they were classified into two groups: one that
      attained a higher (n = 48) and one a lower (n = 47) median value of maximal heart
      rate during exercise (161 beats/min). Within these two groups, patients with
      increasing or decreasing spatial R wave amplitude during exercise were analyzed
      for differences in oxygen consumption, exercise-induced changes in spatial R wave
      amplitude, ST segment depression laterally (ST60, lead X), ST displacement
      spatially, left ventricular ejection fraction at rest, change in left ventricular
      ejection fraction with exercise and thallium-201 ischemia during exercise.
      Significant differences were demonstrated only in exercise-induced spatial R wave
      amplitude changes (p less than 0.0001). There was no significant correlation
      between exercise-induced change in heart rate and change in spatial R wave
      amplitude in either the group with increasing or the group with decreasing
      spatial R wave amplitude. It is concluded that changes in spatial R wave
      amplitude during exercise are not related to ischemic electrocardiographic or
      thallium-201 imaging changes or to left ventricular ejection fraction determined
      at rest or during exercise.

PMID- 4031272
TI  - Myocardial perfusion imaging in humans by contrast echocardiography using
      polygelin colloid solution.
AB  - This study evaluated the myocardial contrast effect and safety of polygelin
      colloid solution selectively injected into the coronary arteries in 25 patients
      during two-dimensional echocardiography. Six patients (group I) had selective
      intracoronary injections of nonagitated and 19 (group II) of hand-agitated
      polygelin colloid solution. Myocardial contrast was seen on two-dimensional
      echocardiographic cross sections in three patients of group I and in all patients
      of group II; in 16 patients it was also seen on M-mode echocardiograms. The
      contrast effect lasted for 15 to 60 seconds. The intensity of myocardial
      opacification was not significantly influenced by the amount of polygelin colloid
      solution injected, heart rate or cardiac size. The total number of contrast
      enhanced segments after right and left coronary artery injections delineated the
      entire cross-sectional area in any given view. None of the patients developed
      symptoms during or immediately after the injections. One patient had transient
      second degree atrioventricular block after a right coronary wedge injection, one
      patient showed a QRS axis shift and two others had transient T wave changes.
      There were no aortic blood pressure changes and no significant serum enzyme
      (creatine kinase [CK], CK-MB fraction, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)
      elevation or alterations of left ventricular function assessed
      echocardiographically. It is concluded that hand-agitated polygelin colloid
      solution is a useful and safe intracoronary contrast agent for delineating
      myocardial perfusion areas on two-dimensional echocardiography in humans.

PMID- 4031273
TI  - Myocardial perfusion imaging by contrast echocardiography: where are we going?

PMID- 4031274
TI  - The newborn transitional circulation: a two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic
      study.
AB  - To characterize changes in circulation after birth, 11 normal full-term infants
      were examined with two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The
      initial examination was performed within 10 hours after delivery and serially for
      3 days. Retrograde diastolic pulmonary artery velocities, which are evidence for
      a patent ductus arteriosus, were detected in 10 infants (91%) on day 1, in 2
      (18%) on day 2 and in none on day 3. Retrograde systolic descending aortic
      velocities, which are evidence of flow from the aorta into the ductus arteriosus,
      were observed in 10 infants (91%) on day 1, 9 (81%) on day 2 and 7 (64%) on day
      3. Persistence of the retrograde systolic velocity in the descending aorta in the
      absence of retrograde diastolic velocity in the pulmonary artery is consistent
      with physiologic ductal closure beginning near the pulmonary artery end of the
      ductus arteriosus. Localized turbulent retrograde systolic flow, proximal to the
      septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and consistent with tricuspid
      insufficiency, was detected in six patients (55%) on day 1, in eight (73%) on day
      2 and in seven (64%) on day 3. Thus, tricuspid insufficiency appears to be a
      frequent observation in healthy newborns. Normal Doppler velocities in the great
      arteries and across the tricuspid and mitral valves of newborns up to 3 days of
      age are presented. These normal measures of intracardiac flow velocities may be
      used for comparison to identify abnormal flow profiles in newborns with
      congenital heart defects.

PMID- 4031275
TI  - Functional aortic valve atresia in transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - The criterion for the diagnosis of functional atresia of a patient semilunar
      valve is met when the pressure in a ventricle remains lower than that in the
      related great artery throughout systole so that no forward flow can occur.
      Functional pulmonary valve atresia has been well recognized in infants with
      normally related great arteries and massive tricuspid valve incompetence. The
      cardiac physiology and anatomy of an infant with transposed great arteries and
      functional aortic valve atresia is reported for the first time. The peak systolic
      pressure in the right ventricle was 30 mm Hg and in the aorta 64 mm Hg. The
      causes for right ventricular incompetence were abnormalities of the tricuspid
      valve and hypoplasia of the ventricular free wall. Three other cases with similar
      ventricular anatomy and physiology but with anatomic atresia of the aortic valve
      are reviewed. The possibility that under these physiologic circumstances during
      fetal life functional atresia develops first, and that anatomic fusion of idle
      semilunar cusps develops as a secondary phenomenon, is discussed.

PMID- 4031276
TI  - Respiration-dependent ventricular pacing compared with fixed ventricular and
      atrial-ventricular synchronous pacing: aerobic and hemodynamic variables.
AB  - A pacemaker that adapts heart rate in response to the patient's metabolic
      requirements has been developed. The pacemaker uses breathing frequency and tidal
      volume as the indicators of physiologic demand. Maximal physical work capacity,
      anaerobic threshold, oxygen uptake (16 patients) and hemodynamic variables (9
      patients) were assessed with fixed rate (VVI), atrial synchronous (VDT/I) and
      respiration-dependent ventricular (VVI-RD) pacing. All subjects attained their
      anaerobic threshold in stress tests with VVI pacing. The maximal physical
      capacity (p less than 0.001), work time to attain the anaerobic threshold (p less
      than 0.01) and oxygen uptake (p less than 0.001) were significantly greater with
      VVI-RD than with VVI pacing. The transition from the supine to the standing
      position was characterized by a significant increase of cardiac index at rest
      with both VDT/I and VVI-RD pacing as compared with VVI pacing. Progressive
      increments in the cardiac index and average left ventricular stroke work index
      were significantly different at submaximal and maximal exercise when VVI and VVI
      RD were compared. At maximal exercise, mean cardiac output was also significantly
      different: 10.21 +/- 2.5 (SD) liters/min with VVI, 11.2 +/- 0.8 liters/min with
      VDT/I (p less than 0.05) and 12.65 +/- 3.1 liters/min with VVI-RD (p less than
      0.05) pacing. Maximal oxygen extraction values were greater with VVI and VVI-RD
      pacing than with VDT/I pacing. Pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressures at
      maximal exercise were within the normal range with the three different modes of
      pacing. In conclusion, there is a significant (25%) improvement in exercise
      performance with VVI-RD pacing as compared with VVI pacing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031277
TI  - Variable effects of changes in flow rate through the aortic, pulmonary and mitral
      valves on valve area and flow velocity: impact on quantitative Doppler flow
      calculations.
AB  - Doppler echocardiographic methods for measuring volumetric flow through the
      aortic, pulmonary and mitral valves provide the cardiologist with several
      potentially interchangeable noninvasive methods for determining cardiac output.
      In addition, comparison of flow differences through individual valves offers the
      potential to quantitate shunt flow and regurgitant volumes. To date, however, no
      study has compared the relative accuracies of each of these flow measurements in
      a controlled experimental setting. Therefore, in this study, Doppler
      echocardiography was used to measure aortic, pulmonary and mitral valve flows in
      seven open chest dogs on right atrial bypass where forward cardiac output was
      precisely controlled with a roller pump. Correlations with roller pump output
      were better for Doppler measurements of aortic (r = 0.98, SD = 0.3) and mitral (r
      = 0.97, SD = 0.3) than for pulmonary (r = 0.93, SD = 0.5) valve flow.
      Interobserver reproducibility was also better for aortic (r = 0.94) and mitral (r
      = 0.97) than for pulmonary (r = 0.88) valve flow measurements. All valves showed
      flow-related increases in cross-sectional area, but the slope of this response
      was variable: 0.05, 0.16 and 0.21 for the aortic, the pulmonary and the mitral
      valve, respectively. Increased forward flow through the aortic valve, therefore,
      was manifested primarily by an increase in velocity, whereas increasing flow
      through the pulmonary and mitral valves produced more significant area changes
      with correspondingly smaller increases in the velocity component. Recalculation
      of Doppler-determined outputs, assuming a fixed valve area for the entire range
      of flows, resulted in a decreased correlation with roller pump output. Both
      velocity and valve area should be measured at each flow rate for greatest
      accuracy in volumetric flow calculations.

PMID- 4031278
TI  - Determination of cardiac output by echocardiographic Doppler methods: relative
      accuracy of various sites for measurement.

PMID- 4031279
TI  - Effects of experimental myocardial infarction on the ST segment response to
      tachycardia.
AB  - Prior studies have shown that tachycardia results in ST segment depression in
      dogs with chronic, gradual coronary occlusion. This response was compared with
      that produced by acute, total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery.
      Ten dogs served as controls; in another 10 dogs, an ameroid constrictor was
      implanted about the left anterior descending artery. This artery was acutely
      ligated in a third set of 10 animals, and in a final set of 10, the distal left
      anterior descending coronary vasculature was embolized by latex injection.
      Tachycardia was produced by atrial pacing from rates of 90 to 250 beats/min using
      implanted atrial electrodes. Electrocardiographic signals registered from 84
      torso electrodes were used to construct body surface isopotential maps during the
      ST segment. In normal dogs, pacing increased repolarization potentials without
      shifts in spatial features. New and abnormal anterior negativity, correlating
      with significant ST depression, appeared at rates of 170 beats/min or faster in
      dogs with ameroid constriction. However, in both groups with acute occlusion that
      produced transmural myocardial infarction, tachycardia resulted in increases in
      anterior ST elevation and reciprocal ST depression. Specific findings
      demonstrated the lead dependency of the response to tachycardia and the greater
      than normal increase in potential magnitudes after infarction than in control
      cases. The similarity of the response with acute occlusion and with embolization
      suggested that the response to tachycardia after infarction was not dependent on
      coronary collateral function but may represent a direct electrophysiologic effect
      of rate. Thus, these acute occlusion models simulate exercise-induced ST segment
      elevation as it may be seen clinically.

PMID- 4031280
TI  - Effects of verapamil and lidocaine in a canine model of sudden coronary death.
AB  - The efficacy of verapamil and lidocaine for treating ischemia-induced arrhythmias
      was determined in a conscious canine model with a previous myocardial infarction
      remote from the ischemic area. Temporary (up to 5.5 minutes) occlusion of the
      circumflex coronary artery was made in eight conscious dogs that had sustained an
      anterior myocardial infarction 13 to 35 days previously. Each dog served as its
      own control. Ventricular arrhythmias were observed in 100% of control experiments
      but in only 25% of experiments after verapamil pretreatment at 0.4 mg/kg body
      weight. Repetitive ventricular complexes, defined as two or more consecutive
      ventricular complexes terminating spontaneously in sinus rhythm, were seen in 88%
      of control experiments and 13% of verapamil experiments, whereas ventricular
      fibrillation was seen in 6% of control experiments but in no verapamil
      experiment. Thus, verapamil abolished arrhythmias or reduced the grade of
      arrhythmias in all dogs. Six of the eight dogs were also tested with lidocaine
      pretreatment at one or two doses resulting in mean plasma levels of 3.8 +/- 2.0
      micrograms/ml. Ventricular arrhythmias were seen in 92% of control experiments
      and 100% of lidocaine experiments. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation
      increased from 8% in control to 60% in lidocaine experiments. It is concluded
      that verapamil may prevent severe ischemia-induced arrhythmias after a recent
      myocardial infarction, whereas lidocaine may in some cases aggravate arrhythmias.

PMID- 4031281
TI  - Defibrillator electrode-chest wall coupling agents: influence on transthoracic
      impedance and shock success.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if the difference in transthoracic
      impedance produced by different coupling agents affects the success of shocks for
      defibrillation. Three different coupling agents, Harco pads (Hewlett-Packard),
      Littman pads (3M) and Redux paste (Hewlett-Packard), were assessed in 10
      anesthetized dogs in which ventricular fibrillation was induced by electrical
      stimulation of the right ventricle. Defibrillation was attempted 15 seconds
      later, using 50, 100 and 150 joules (selected energy). Actual delivered energy,
      current, impedance and the percent of the shocks that achieved defibrillation
      were determined for the three coupling agents. Redux paste gave significantly
      lower impedance and higher current than the two disposable performed coupling
      pads tested. Despite this, there were no significant differences in shock success
      among the three coupling agents. Thus, in this experimental model, over a three
      fold energy range, disposable coupling pads were as effective as electrode paste
      for defibrillation despite the slightly higher impedance of the disposable pads.

PMID- 4031282
TI  - Functional and pathologic effects of multiple echocardiographic contrast
      injections on the myocardium, brain and kidney.
AB  - Myocardial contrast echocardiography can define in vivo the area at risk for
      necrosis after coronary occlusion. However, if this technique is to be used, it
      cannot be intrinsically toxic to the heart or other critical organs. To determine
      the functional and pathologic effects of contrast echocardiography, six
      intracoronary, six intrarenal and six intracarotid artery injections of 2 to 6 cc
      of a commonly employed contrast agent (agitated Renografin-saline solution) were
      performed in five dogs. A sixth dog served as a sham to assess any deleterious
      effects of the model preparation. Two-dimensional echocardiographic images and
      electrocardiograms were recorded during intracoronary injections, and heart rate,
      blood pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and rate of rise of left
      ventricular pressure (dP/dt) were continuously monitored. At 24 hours,
      echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements were repeated, the dogs were
      killed and the heart, brain and kidneys were removed and prepared for light
      microscopic examination. Quantitative analysis of left ventricular wall motion
      was performed on control, peak contrast, post-contrast and 24 hour studies. With
      each intracoronary injection, there were transient decreases in blood pressure (p
      = 0.05 versus control) and increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
      (p = 0.04 versus control). These were associated with depression of wall motion
      in contrast-enhanced regions (p = 0.01 versus control) and ST-T segment changes
      on the electrocardiogram. No significant change in heart rate or left ventricular
      dP/dt was noted. All variables normalized with the clearance of the contrast
      effect and remained normal to 24 hours. Light microscopic examination revealed no
      myocardial or cerebral changes attributable to the contrast agent
      injections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031283
TI  - Cardiac function in patients with cystic fibrosis: evaluation by two-dimensional
      and Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography were performed in 17 consecutive
      hospitalized patients with cystic fibrosis aged 6 to 38 years (mean 21 +/- 9) and
      in 10 normal subjects aged 24 +/- 7 years. Left ventricular and right ventricular
      ejection fraction were measured by a computerized light pen system and Simpson's
      rule from two-dimensional echocardiographic apical four and two chamber views.
      Right ventricular wall thickness, inferior vena cava size and the presence of
      tricuspid regurgitation by Doppler recording were also assessed. National
      Institutes of Health (NIH) score of clinical severity ranged from 22 to 72 (mean
      51 +/- 15) (100 = excellent, 0 = poor). Four patients, all with an NIH score of
      40 or less, died of respiratory failure within 1 year of the echocardiographic
      study. There was no significant difference between patients with cystic fibrosis
      and normal subjects with regard to right ventricular ejection fraction (59 +/- 11
      versus 61 +/- 10%), left ventricular ejection fraction (67 +/- 8 versus 70 +/-
      8%) and right ventricular systolic (5 +/- 1 versus 5 +/- 0.5 mm) and diastolic
      (2.4 +/- 0.5 versus 2.5 +/- 0.5 mm) wall thicknesses. A dilated inferior vena
      cava and mild tricuspid regurgitation by Doppler recording were detected in only
      one patient. A poor correlation was found between right ventricular ejection
      fraction and NIH clinical score (r = 0.26), chest X-ray score (r = 0.29) and
      pulmonary function tests. It is concluded that right and left ventricular
      systolic function is preserved in patients with moderately severe cystic
      fibrosis; clinical status in these patients is probably determined by the
      pulmonary rather than cardiac involvement.

PMID- 4031284
TI  - Lactate production during maximal and submaximal exercise in patients with
      chronic heart failure.
AB  - In patients with chronic heart failure whose cardiac output response to exercise
      is impaired, determination of anaerobic threshold may provide a useful and
      objective approach to grade the severity of heart failure. In such patients
      performing upright treadmill exercise to exhaustion, this study examined the
      reproducibility of the response of cardiac output and mixed venous lactate
      concentration when the exercise test was repeated the same or next day, the
      nature of this response after rest and exercise cardiac output levels were
      augmented by the cardiotonic agent amrinone and the response of lactate during
      symptom-limited submaximal exercise performed at either aerobic or anaerobic
      levels of work for each patient. Findings were: 1) the response of cardiac output
      and mixed venous lactate was reproducible (p less than 0.05) when assessed either
      the same or the next day; 2) when exercise cardiac output was increased (p less
      than 0.05) by oral amrinone therapy, the increase in lactate was delayed (p less
      than 0.05) to higher levels of muscular work and this was not true when cardiac
      output was unchanged; and 3) only submaximal anaerobic exercise was symptom
      limited and associated with an increase in lactate concentration. Thus, the
      lactate response and anaerobic threshold determination should prove useful to
      assess the severity of chronic stable heart failure and its response to
      pharmacologic intervention. The submaximal anaerobic exercise test may provide
      additional insights into the effort intolerance these patients experience.

PMID- 4031285
TI  - Methionine intolerance: a possible risk factor for coronary artery disease.
AB  - Homocystinuria, an inherited disorder associated with premature atherosclerosis,
      represents a severe form of methionine intolerance. To analyze the importance of
      milder forms of methionine intolerance in the genesis of vascular disease, the
      relation between provokable methionine intolerance and coronary artery disease
      was investigated. In a group of 138 men, aged 31 to 65 years (mean 53), referred
      for cardiac catheterization, plasma homocystine was measured before and 6 hours
      after an oral l-methionine load (0.1 g/kg). Thirty-nine subjects found to have
      normal coronary arteries had a mean post-load plasma homocystine level of 0.59 +/
      0.37 mumol/liter. A criterion at the 95th percentile (1.64 SD above the mean)
      was selected and applied to the remaining 99 subjects with coronary artery
      disease (0.70 +/- 0.68 mumol/liter). Sixteen (16%) of 99 subjects with coronary
      artery disease exceeded this level as compared with 1 (2%) of 39 subjects without
      coronary artery disease (p less than 0.04). The risk of coronary artery disease
      in men with provokable methionine intolerance was increased sevenfold as
      estimated by the odds ratio. By correlation matrix and multivariate regression
      analyses, provokable homocystinemia was predictive of coronary artery disease and
      was independent of tobacco smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum
      cholesterol and age. It is proposed that men with mild methionine intolerance
      exposed to the high methionine content of the Western diet may develop
      intermittent homocystinemia and thus may be at greater risk for the development
      of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4031286
TI  - Survival after hospital discharge in matched populations with inferior or
      anterior myocardial infarction.
AB  - Prognostic differences between patients with anterior or inferior myocardial
      infarction are often related to such variables as previous infarction or the size
      of the myocardial infarct. We examined the determinants of mortality in 997
      hospital survivors of acute Q wave infarction (anterior in 449, inferior in 548)
      who, although not preselected, were well matched with respect to age, sex and
      prior infarction or congestive heart failure. Additionally, there was no
      significant difference in peak serum creatine kinase (CK) between the groups with
      anterior and inferior infarction (1,459 +/- 1,004 versus 1,357 +/- 1,036). Among
      the patients with anterior infarction who died during the 1 year follow-up
      period, 56% died in the first 60 days after hospital discharge compared with 18%
      of those without inferior infarction (p less than 0.01). Survival curves then
      became nearly identical at 3 months, and remained so until 1 year when the total
      mortality rate was 10% for the anterior and 7% for the inferior infarction group
      (p = NS). Variables associated with heart failure during the hospital phase were
      more prevalent in anterior infarction, but rales above the scapulae during the
      hospital stay (p less than 0.0001) and ventricular gallop at the time of
      discharge (p less than 0.0001) were the top two predictors of 1 year mortality by
      both univariate and multivariate analysis in inferior infarction. Age (p less
      than 0.0001) and peripheral edema (p less than 0.0001) were the strongest
      predictors of mortality in anterior infarction. Previous infarction, although
      just as common in the group with anterior infarction, was present at 1 year in
      48% of nonsurvivors of the group with inferior infarction compared with only 19%
      of survivors (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031287
TI  - Echocardiographic findings in systemic amyloidosis: spectrum of cardiac
      involvement and relation to survival.
AB  - One hundred thirty-two patients with biopsy-proven systemic amyloidosis underwent
      echocardiographic examination to define the spectrum of cardiac involvement.
      Echocardiographic abnormalities were then correlated with clinical variables and
      survival at follow-up. Patients were subgrouped by left ventricular wall
      thickness: Group I, mean wall thickness 12 mm or less; Group II, mean wall
      thickness greater than 12 mm but less than 15 mm; Group III, mean wall thickness
      15 mm or greater; or Group IV, atypical features such as wall motion
      abnormalities or left ventricular dilation. Patients with greater wall thickness
      had a higher frequency of associated echocardiographic abnormalities such as left
      atrial enlargement or granular sparkling appearance on two-dimensional
      examination and, more commonly, reduced systolic function. The occurrence of
      clinical congestive heart failure was strongly correlated with greater wall
      thickness and multiple other echocardiographic abnormalities. Survival was
      negatively influenced both by greater wall thickness and reduced systolic
      function. The median survival of the entire group was 1.1 years.
      Echocardiographic examination is an important tool for establishing the presence
      of cardiac amyloid involvement and may be useful in estimating prognosis in such
      patients.

PMID- 4031288
TI  - Smoke-like echo in the left atrial cavity in mitral valve disease: its features
      and significance.
AB  - In some patients with mitral stenosis, a smoke-like echo is observed in the left
      atrial cavity. The present study in 116 consecutive patients with rheumatic
      mitral valve disease investigated the echocardiographic features and clinical
      significance of this echo. The smoke-like echo is characterized by the following
      echocardiographic features: 1) it is composed of numerous microechoes; 2) it
      curls up slowly in the enlarged left atrial cavity; and 3) it vanishes as soon as
      it pours into the ventricular cavity. Hemostasis in the left atrial cavity was
      considered to be an important underlying condition for development of the echo.
      Hemorheologic conditions indicated that the shear rate of blood flow in the left
      atrial cavity was calculated to be low enough for the development of red blood
      cell aggregation. These conditions suggest that the source of the smoke-like echo
      might be aggregated cells due to hemostasis in the left atrial cavity. Left
      atrial thrombi were detected in many patients who had this echo in the left
      atrial cavity. Although it has not been conclusively determined that the presence
      of the smoke-like echo is a necessary condition for thrombus formation, this echo
      appears to be closely related to thrombus formation in the left atrial cavity. It
      is concluded that the presence of this echo indicates severe left atrial
      hemostasis and is a warning for thrombus formation.

PMID- 4031289
TI  - Continuous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure: a
      simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study in 127 patients.
AB  - Simultaneous continuous wave Doppler echocardiography and right-sided cardiac
      pressure measurements were performed during cardiac catheterization in 127
      patients. Tricuspid regurgitation was detected by the Doppler method in 117
      patients and was of adequate quality to analyze in 111 patients. Maximal systolic
      pressure gradient between the right ventricle and right atrium was 11 to 136 mm
      Hg (mean 53 +/- 29) and simultaneously measured Doppler gradient was 9 to 127 mm
      Hg (mean 49 +/- 26); for these two measurements, r = 0.96 and SEE = 7 mm Hg.
      Right ventricular systolic pressure was estimated by three methods from the
      Doppler gradient. These were 1) Doppler gradient + mean jugular venous pressure;
      2) using a regression equation derived from the first 63 patients (Group 1); and
      3) Doppler gradient + 10. These methods were tested on the remaining 48 patients
      with Doppler-analyzable tricuspid regurgitation (Group 2). The correlation
      between Doppler-estimated and catheter-measured right ventricular systolic
      pressure was similar using all three methods; however, the regression equation
      produced a significantly better estimate (p less than 0.05). Use of continuous
      wave Doppler blood flow velocity of tricuspid regurgitation permitted
      determination of the systolic pressure gradient across the tricuspid valve and
      the right ventricular systolic pressure. This noninvasive technique yielded
      information comparable with that obtained at catheterization. Approximately 80%
      of patients with increased and 57% with normal right ventricular pressure had
      analyzable Doppler tricuspid regurgitant velocities that could be used to
      accurately predict right ventricular systolic pressure.

PMID- 4031290
TI  - Sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias within 2 months of acute myocardial
      infarction: results of medical and surgical therapy in patients resuscitated from
      the initial episode.
AB  - Sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation that develops during the early
      recovery period after acute myocardial infarction is a common clinical problem
      whose management remains controversial. Fifty-three patients who survived an
      initial episode of sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation occurring
      between 3 and 60 days (mean +/- SD 21 +/- 16) after myocardial infarction were
      evaluated. Most of these patients had had a large (peak creatine kinase = 1,729
      +/- 882 IU) complicated infarction. Forty-two (79%) of the 53 patients had had
      repetitive sustained ventricular arrhythmias and the condition of 19 of these
      could not be stabilized with drug therapy. Twenty-eight patients received medical
      therapy only. Twenty-four survived and were discharged from the hospital. Twenty
      five patients underwent infarctectomy or aneurysmectomy either on an emergency
      basis (16 patients) or electively because of coexistent heart failure or angina
      (9 patients). Intraoperative mapping was attempted in these patients but was
      completely successful in only 13 (52%). Operative mortality was 16% with all
      deaths occurring in patients who were in shock before surgery. Five of 21
      surgically treated survivors required long-term antiarrhythmic therapy. Twenty
      one of 24 patients medically treated remain alive and well after 15 +/- 10 months
      of follow-up. Nineteen of 21 surgically treated patients remain alive and well
      after 17.9 +/- 11 months. One of these patients required reoperation for severe
      mitral regurgitation. These results confirm the poor medical prognosis of
      sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias that present during the first 2 months
      after myocardial infarction but demonstrate that an acceptable rate of survival
      can be achieved with a combined medical and surgical approach to therapy.

PMID- 4031291
TI  - Malignant ventricular arrhythmias early after myocardial infarction: brighter
      prospects.

PMID- 4031292
TI  - Clinical evaluation of oral mexiletine therapy in the treatment of ventricular
      arrhythmias.
AB  - The effect of oral mexiletine therapy on ventricular arrhythmias was evaluated in
      58 patients in whom conventional drugs had been unsuccessful. Mean daily dose of
      mexiletine was 652 mg (range 250 to 1,500) and mean duration of therapy was 14.4
      months (range 0.1 to 34.4). Mexiletine was associated with a decrease of 52% in
      total premature ventricular complexes in 24 hours compared with control (6,841 +/
      1,053 [SEM] versus 3,248 +/- 734, p less than 0.005) and 19 patients (36.5%) had
      a greater than 83% decrease in ventricular ectopic rhythm. The drug was
      discontinued in 6 of these 19 patients because 5 of them (26%) experienced side
      effects after a mean period of 29.6 weeks (range 0.83 to 63.2) and sudden death
      occurred in 1 patient (5%); this indicates effective suppression of ventricular
      ectopic rhythm without significant side effects in 13 (25%) of 52 patients during
      long-term therapy. Adjustment of drug dosage to achieve therapeutic blood levels
      resulted in an efficacy on ventricular ectopic rhythm similar to that obtained
      with the maximal tolerated dose. There was no correlation between drug dose and
      therapeutic effectiveness. Mexiletine was associated with a 48% decrease in
      episodes of ventricular tachycardia (345.5 versus 179.3/24 h) and 5 of 10
      patients with a history of cardiac arrest remained free of symptomatic
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias for 14.8 months (range 3.7 to 24.3).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031293
TI  - Potentiation by nifedipine and diltiazem of the hypotensive response after
      contrast angiography.
AB  - Arterial hypotension has been demonstrated after left ventriculography using
      currently available ionic contrast agents. This adverse hemodynamic response is
      significantly decreased with the newer nonionic contrast agents. Calcium channel
      antagonists also produce a hypotensive response. The potentially accentuated
      hypotensive response after bolus contrast angiography in patients receiving the
      calcium antagonists nifedipine and diltiazem was evaluated. Three contrast agents
      were compared: two ionic agents (Renografin-76 and Hypaque-76) and a nonionic
      agent (iopamidol). The hemodynamic response after left ventriculography was
      assessed in 125 patients, 65 receiving nifedipine or diltiazem and 60 not
      receiving these drugs. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar in all
      patient groups. The hypotensive response was significantly greater after left
      ventriculography with the ionic agents than with the nonionic agent. In those
      patients receiving nifedipine or diltiazem, the hypotensive response after bolus
      contrast angiography using the ionic agents occurred earlier after contrast
      injection (4.2 +/- 3.1 versus 12.9 +/- 6.0 seconds, p less than 0.0001), was more
      profound (maximal decrease in systolic arterial pressure, 48.5 +/- 13.9 versus
      36.9 +/- 13.1 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) and was more prolonged (62.3 +/- 11.0
      versus 36.4 +/- 12.0 seconds, p less than 0.0001) than in patients not receiving
      these drugs. A comparison of the two ionic contrast agents showed no significant
      difference in the hypotensive response. There was no difference in the
      hemodynamic response after angiography among patients receiving iopamidol alone
      and those receiving iopamidol and calcium antagonists. Thus, patients receiving
      the calcium antagonists diltiazem and nifedipine and undergoing left
      ventriculography with ionic contrast agents are at added risk for accentuation
      and prolongation of the hypotensive response.

PMID- 4031294
TI  - Lack of objective improvement in ventricular systolic function in patients with
      myocarditis treated with azathioprine and prednisone.
AB  - Six patients with myocarditis documented by biopsy, after a baseline right heart
      catheterization and echocardiogram, underwent treatment with azathioprine and
      prednisone. After 3 months of treatment, biopsy, right heart catheterization and
      echocardiogram were repeated. In addition to the immunosuppressive therapy, most
      patients received additional conventional medications for heart failure between
      evaluation periods (mean number of cardiac drugs increased from 1.7 +/- 1.0 to
      2.7 +/- 0.05, p = 0.041). Mean heart rate decreased (105 +/- 14 to 84 +/- 13
      beats/min, p = 0.016), as did pulmonary wedge pressure (23 +/- 8 to 12 +/- 4 mm
      Hg, p = 0.012). There were no significant changes in cardiac index (3.1 +/- 0.8
      to 2.9 +/- 1.0 liters/min), end-diastolic dimension (62 +/- 13 to 62 +/- 12 mm)
      or fractional shortening (11 +/- 6 to 12 +/- 3%) with treatment. Complications
      from immunosuppressive therapy included severe soft tissue infection, acute
      psychosis and adrenal insufficiency in one patient each. The benefits from
      prednisone and azathioprine in this group of patients have not been demonstrated.
      Although heart rate and pulmonary wedge pressure decreased, these changes could
      be ascribed to increases in the conventional therapy for heart failure. Finally,
      there is a high incidence of side effects from prednisone and azathioprine
      therapy. These findings suggest that this unproven therapy for myocarditis should
      be limited to experimental protocols.

PMID- 4031295
TI  - Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity: early changes in pulmonary function tests during
      amiodarone rechallenge.
AB  - Amiodarone is an investigational antiarrhythmic agent known to cause pulmonary
      toxicity. This report describes two patients with previous amiodarone pulmonary
      toxicity and complete resolution who at rechallenge 5 to 6 months later developed
      within 2 weeks of therapy a significant reduction in lung diffusion capacity
      before overt clinical toxicity occurred. This suggests that toxicity may present
      early with reduction in diffusion capacity and that such changes may warrant the
      need to alter treatment.

PMID- 4031296
TI  - Amiodarone and the American Way.

PMID- 4031298
TI  - Early infarct expansion: structural or functional?
AB  - With the onset of ischemia, the length of myocardial segments increases rapidly,
      distorting ventricular geometry. Permanent stretching and thinning of infarcted
      zones have been termed infarct expansion. Although these changes are noted within
      minutes in vivo, infarct expansion may not be seen for days in postmortem
      preparations. The apparent postmortem reversal of early infarct expansion
      suggests that early expansion may be a functional phenomenon, reversible in the
      early hours of infarction. Alternatively, reversal of expansion may be a
      postmortem artifact, concealing the importance of underlying structural
      abnormalities. Myocardial infarction was produced in five dogs by occluding the
      left anterior descending coronary artery. Ultrasound sonomicrometers were used to
      measure myocardial segment end-diastolic length in the infarct and normal zones.
      After 3 hours of ischemia, the heart was arrested in diastole and biopsy
      specimens were taken from the normal and infarct zones. Sarcomere length was
      measured from electron photomicrographs, and myofiber width was measured from
      light photomicrographs. After 3 hours of ischemia, infarct zone segment length
      had increased significantly more than normal zone length (116 +/- 11 [SD] versus
      103 +/- 4% of control length, p less than 0.05), whereas 2 minutes after cardiac
      arrest, both the infarct and normal zones returned to preischemic segment length,
      demonstrating apparent reversibility of early infarct expansion. However,
      histologic study revealed that the infarct zone myofibers were significantly
      thinner than normal zone myofibers (7.9 +/- 0.3 versus 9.4 +/- 0.3 micron, p less
      than 0.001) and sarcomere length in the infarct zone was significantly longer
      than that in the normal zone (1.9 +/- 0.2 versus 1.5 +/- 0.2 micron, p less than
      0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031297
TI  - Artifactual regional gray level variability in contrast-enhanced two-dimensional
      echocardiographic images: effect on measurement of the coronary perfusion bed.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of regional variability of
      image echocardiographic amplitude (expressed as gray level variability) in
      contrast-enhanced two-dimensional echocardiographic images, and to assess the
      effect of such baseline gray level variability on quantitation of the coronary
      perfusion bed. In 10 anesthetized closed chest dogs, short-axis papillary muscle
      echocardiographic images were obtained during control preinjection conditions and
      during injection of three contrast agents into the left main coronary artery with
      and without circumflex artery occlusion. Regional echocardiographic amplitude
      variation was measured by computer-based videodensitometric analysis of mean gray
      levels in four myocardial regions after cavity (background) gray level
      subtraction. To determine the effect of regional gray level variability on
      quantitation of the coronary perfusion bed, the contrast-enhanced left anterior
      descending artery perfusion bed was measured by two methods. The circumferential
      method ignored myocardial contrast inhomogeneity by measuring the circumferential
      extent of contrast enhancement, whether or not the enhancement by contrast medium
      extended transmurally. The exact method measured only the area of myocardium
      actually enhanced by contrast medium, which often did not extend transmurally.
      The perfusion beds determined by the two echocardiographic methods were compared
      with the anatomic perfusion bed determined by postmortem barium-gelatin coronary
      arteriography. Regional gray levels varied qualitatively and quantitatively in
      the control state (before contrast injection), with lateral regions being less
      bright than axial regions. After injection of contrast medium, brightness
      increased in all regions, the axial regions brightening most.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031299
TI  - Effects of a new nonionic and a conventional ionic contrast agent on coronary
      sinus ionized calcium and left ventricular hemodynamics in dogs.
AB  - Transient myocardial depression associated with intracoronary injections of
      contrast medium has been attributed to hypertonicity and to calcium binding. To
      further assess the importance of calcium binding, a new technique for continuous
      monitoring of coronary sinus ionized calcium with an intravascular calcium
      selective electrode was used. With this calcium-selective electrode the effects
      of intracoronary injection in dogs of a conventional ionic contrast agent, sodium
      meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin-76), and a new nonionic agent, iohexol, were
      assessed and compared. Left ventricular pressure was measured with a
      micromanometer catheter. After bolus injection of 0.2 ml/kg body weight of
      Renografin-76 (n = 10), coronary sinus pCa increased by 0.27 from 2.98 +/- 0.02
      to 3.25 +/- 0.03, indicating a decrease in ionized calcium from 2.0 to 1.1
      mEq/liter. With iohexol (n = 9), pCa increased by only 0.05 +/- 0.01 (p less than
      0.001), indicating a decrease in ionized calcium from 2.0 to 1.8 mEq/liter. Peak
      changes occurred approximately 6 seconds after injection. Renografin-76 caused a
      marked decrease in left ventricular systolic pressure (140 +/- 7 to 106 +/- 8 mm
      Hg) and in heart rate (122 +/- 7 to 101 +/- 5 beats/min) with an increase in end
      diastolic pressure (5 +/- 1 to 12 +/- 1 mm Hg), whereas iohexol did not
      significantly alter these variables. Using Renografin-76 with calcium added to
      achieve an ionized calcium level of 2 (n = 4), 4 (n = 4) or 6 (n = 4) mEq/liter,
      the changes in coronary sinus pCa were abolished and the hemodynamic changes
      attenuated. These findings indicate that Renografin-76 results in greater
      myocardial depression than the new nonionic agent iohexol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031300
TI  - Mechanism of cardiovascular effects of contrast media: evidence for transient
      myocardial calcium ion imbalance.

PMID- 4031301
TI  - Energy metabolism in reperfused heart muscle: metabolic correlates to return of
      function.
AB  - An important question in energy metabolism of the reperfused, previously ischemic
      myocardium is whether the return of a normal tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
      content is a prerequisite for normal rates of oxygen consumption (that is, ATP
      turnover) and cardiac function. To study this problem, isolated working rat
      hearts were perfused with bicarbonate saline solution containing glucose (10 mM)
      at near physiologic work load. After 20 minutes, hearts were made totally
      ischemic by clamping the aortic and atrial lines for 5, 10 or 20 minutes and then
      were reperfused for another 10 minutes. Heart rate, aortic pressure, cardiac
      output and myocardial oxygen consumption were measured continuously. Adenine
      nucleotides, phosphocreatine, glycogen and the products of glycolysis were
      determined in freeze-clamped tissue extracts. Functional recovery was assessed by
      return of aortic pressure and oxygen consumption to preischemic values. Time
      required for return of function after reperfusion was 90 seconds after 5 minutes
      and 124 seconds after 10 minutes of ischemia. No recovery was observed after 20
      minutes of ischemia. Tissue ATP content decreased significantly at the end of 5 (
      38%) and 10 (-56%) minutes of ischemia and did not increase significantly at
      return of aortic pressure and oxygen consumption to preischemic values. Glycogen
      stores decreased by more than 50% at the end of 10 minutes of ischemia and did
      not normalize on recovery. In contrast to ATP or glycogen, the phosphocreatine
      content decreased to even lower levels at the end of ischemia, but returned to
      levels higher than the control level after recovery from 5 to 10 minutes of
      ischemia in association with return of function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031302
TI  - Atrial flutter in the young: a collaborative study of 380 cases.
AB  - As children with cardiac disease grow older, atrial flutter becomes more
      prevalent. A collaborative study was performed in 19 institutions to determine
      the clinical characteristics of these children and the factors affecting
      prognosis. There were 380 patients with one or more electrocardiographically
      documented episodes of atrial flutter that first occurred between ages 1 and 25
      years (mean age at onset 10.3). Episodes of flutter continued to occur for a mean
      of 2.5 years after the onset. Of the 380 patients, 60% had repaired congenital
      heart disease, 13% palliated congenital heart disease, 8% unoperated congenital
      heart disease, 8% an otherwise normal heart, 6% cardiomyopathy, 4% rheumatic
      heart disease and 2% other lesions. Overall, drugs were effective in eliminating
      atrial flutter in 58% of patients; specifically, amiodarone and digoxin plus
      quinidine were effective in 53%, digoxin alone in 44% and propranolol in 21%.
      Amiodarone was effective in seven (78%) of nine patients. Corrective surgery was
      performed after the onset of atrial flutter in 66 patients; in 52% the atrial
      flutter was easier to control or it resolved and in only 4% it was worse. At
      follow-up (mean 6.5 years), 83% of the patients were alive (49% without atrial
      flutter and 34% with atrial flutter) and 17% died (10% suddenly, 6% of nonsudden
      cardiac cause and 1% of noncardiac cause). Cardiac death occurred in 20% of those
      for whom an effective drug could not be found to eliminate atrial flutter
      compared with 5% of those who were treated with an effective drug (p less than
      0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031303
TI  - Left ventricular hyperkinesia at rest and during exercise in normotensive
      patients 2 to 27 years after coarctation repair.
AB  - The short- and long-term results of effective surgical repair of coarctation of
      the aorta on left ventricular mass and function in 48 patients were evaluated
      using echocardiography and stress-gated radionuclide angiography. Thirty-two of
      the 48 patients who had no additional cardiac problems and had technically
      adequate radionuclide angiograms form the basis for this report. Among these,
      three had mild systolic hypertension and none had significant aortic valve
      dysfunction. Age at the time of study ranged from 6.5 to 59 years (mean 27). Age
      at the time of surgery ranged from 3 months to 34 years (mean 12 years). Duration
      from surgery to the time of noninvasive study ranged from 2 to 29 years (mean
      15). In the 32 patients, left ventricular mass was 120 +/- 20 g/m2, compared with
      a control value of 87 +/- 10 g/m2. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was
      elevated to 69.2 +/- 1.6% at rest (control 60 +/- 1.3%) and 78.8 +/- 1.3% during
      exercise (control 70 +/- 1.7%) (p less than 0.01). The systolic ejection rate was
      significantly increased (p less than 0.01) and end-systolic volume significantly
      decreased (p less than 0.01) compared with values in control patients. There was
      no correlation between ejection fraction and either age at the time of surgery or
      years since surgery. These findings of hyperdynamic left ventricular function and
      increased left ventricular mass without apparent cause many years after
      coarctation repair raise important questions as to mechanisms, extension to other
      forms of afterload stress that have been surgically or medically relieved and
      long-term outcome.

PMID- 4031304
TI  - Intelligence and hypoxemia in children with congenital heart disease: fact or
      artifact?
AB  - Previous studies have reported lower intelligence for cyanotic than for acyanotic
      children with congenital heart disorders, a finding attributed to the degree of
      hypoxemia present. Several important variables have not been examined
      consistently, however, including coexisting neurologic or genetic disorders,
      definitive surgery, degree of sickness, age at testing sex and social class. The
      present study examined the relation of these variables to obtained intelligence
      measures for 82 consecutively admitted children, excluding children with abnormal
      neurologic examinations and those having received definitive surgery. Consistent
      with earlier reports, intelligence quotients for the acyanotic children (112.81
      +/- 14.52 mean +/- SD) were significantly higher (t = 2.60; p = 0.006) than for
      the cyanotic group (103.50 +/- 15.81). Although sex, race and social class were
      not significantly different between the 28 cyanotic and the 54 acyanotic
      children, the cyanotic children were significantly sicker (x2 = 9.12; p = 0.005)
      and younger (t = 4.10; p = 0.001). However, when young and old children and the
      degree of sickness within cyanotic and acyanotic groups were compared, no
      significant differences were found. These findings demonstrate that intelligence
      differences between cyanotic and acyanotic children persist when the effect of
      neurologic abnormalities and definitive surgery is removed and remain despite the
      severity of sickness or child's age at testing.

PMID- 4031305
TI  - The Starr-Edwards valve.
AB  - This report reviews the results obtained with the current models of the Silastic
      ball valve, classifying the experience with the mitral and aortic models into the
      periods (formula: see text) before and after 1973. Valve failure is defined
      according to the Stanford method and includes any valve-related death or
      complication necessitating valve removal (there have been no mechanical
      failures). Comparison of the valve model used today with the same model used in
      the late 1960s shows that the results have improved dramatically, especially with
      regard to thromboembolism. The results obtained with valves implanted after 1973
      compare favorably with those of other contemporary valves introduced in the early
      1970s.

PMID- 4031306
TI  - A 6 year experience with the St. Jude medical valve: hemodynamic performance,
      surgical results, biocompatibility and follow-up.
AB  - After in vitro testing (confirmed in vivo) of three contemporary valve designs
      (St. Jude, Bjork-Shiley and Carpentier-Edwards) demonstrated that the St. Jude
      valve possessed the most favorable hydrodynamic performance characteristics, a
      limited clinical trial was begun in high risk patients who might benefit from a
      prosthesis with improved hemodynamics. Between March 1978 and March 1984, 419 St.
      Jude prostheses (157 aortic, 156 mitral and 53 double aortic-mitral) were
      implanted in 366 patients. Ninety-six percent were in New York Heart Association
      functional class III or IV preoperatively. Early (30 day) mortality was 10.4%
      overall, and was lower after aortic (5.7%) or double (7.5%) than after isolated
      mitral valve replacement (16.0%). Forty-four prosthetic mitral valve recipients
      with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation experienced a 32% early mortality rate;
      without this group, mitral valve replacement carried a 10% early mortality rate
      (p less than 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that
      early death was strongly associated with three preoperative patient
      characteristics (p less than 0.05): ischemic mitral valve disease, depressed left
      ventricular function (ejection fraction less than 0.55) and advanced functional
      class (class IV). Late follow-up (7,055 patient-months, mean 22) was 99.7%
      complete (1 patient lost). Actuarial survival at 4 years was 80, 80 and 79% after
      aortic, mitral (nonischemic) and double valve replacement, respectively; in the
      subset with ischemic mitral regurgitation, actuarial survival was 34% (p less
      than 0.01). Eighty-six percent of survivors were in functional class I or
      II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031307
TI  - Echocardiographic recognition of paraseptal structures.
AB  - Improved echocardiographic equipment provides detailed images of the heart and
      shows anatomic paraseptal structures previously not well defined. Echocardiograms
      were analyzed from 33 patients who later underwent cardiac transplantation, and
      the paraseptal structures noted were correlated with the pathologic specimens.
      Patterns associated with right ventricular chordae tendineae, the moderator band
      and the posterior papillary muscle are illustrated. Hypertrophic and fibrotic
      right ventricular trabeculae and left ventricular paraseptal bands are noted.
      These structures can be specifically sought and identified using the current
      generation of echocardiographs, thereby avoiding potential problems of septal
      definition and measurement.

PMID- 4031309
TI  - Pseudosimultaneous fast and slow pathway conduction: a common electrophysiologic
      finding in patients with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways.
AB  - Two ventricular responses following termination of rapid atrial pacing were noted
      in 24 of 87 patients with dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways and
      supraventricular tachycardia. In all 24 patients, the AH intervals of the first
      and second ventricular responses were comparable with those of the fast and slow
      pathways, respectively. Careful analysis of the whole pacing sequence revealed
      that, in 21 patients, this phenomenon resulted from sustained slow pathway
      conduction with long AH intervals. In these patients, as the AH interval of each
      paced beat was progressively lengthened during pacing, the corresponding His
      bundle and ventricular responses were pushed one cycle behind the current atrial
      paced beat, so that the last paced beat was followed by two His bundle and
      ventricular responses. In only three patients did double ventricular responses
      result from simultaneous fast and slow pathway conduction. One of these three
      patients also showed two ventricular responses resulting from sustained slow
      pathway conduction. Several factors predispose to the occurrence of this
      phenomenon in patients with dual AV nodal pathways. These include an ability to
      sustain slow pathway conduction, a longer slow pathway AH interval, a shorter
      sinus AH interval (fast pathway) and a shorter atrial paced cycle length that
      sustains slow pathway conduction. In conclusion, sustained slow pathway
      conduction with resultant long AH intervals is the mechanism of two ventricular
      responses following termination of atrial pacing in most patients with dual AV
      nodal pathways. This phenomenon should be distinguished from the rare occurrence
      of double ventricular responses to an atrial impulse due to simultaneous fast and
      slow pathway conduction.

PMID- 4031308
TI  - Recognition of left coronary artery fistula to the left and right ventricles by
      contrast echocardiography.
AB  - A coronary-cameral fistula was inspected clinically by two-dimensional and pulsed
      Doppler ultrasound. At cardiac catheterization a fistulous connection between the
      left coronary artery and the right ventricle was observed. Contrast
      echocardiography using agitated saline solution injected into the aortic catheter
      clearly showed the passage of microcavitations into the left and the right
      ventricles confirming the connection of the fistula to both chambers. Contrast
      echocardiography is a valuable technique that can help define the site of
      drainage of coronary artery fistulas.

PMID- 4031310
TI  - Right coronary artery-pulmonary artery arteriovenous fistula secondary to open
      heart surgery.
AB  - A patient is described who underwent atrial septal defect repair at age 12 and
      presented 16 years later with angina. Coronary angiography revealed a right
      coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistula that had developed at the site of the
      previous thoracotomy. This is the first report of an acquired fistula of this
      type developing secondary to trauma associated with open heart surgery.
      Diagnosis, shunt quantification and treatment are discussed.

PMID- 4031311
TI  - Intractable heart failure, conduction disturbances and myocardial infarction by
      massive myocardial invasion of malignant lymphoma.
AB  - A patient with malignant lymphoma who developed congestive heart failure,
      conduction disturbances and myocardial infarction is presented. Two-dimensional
      echocardiography revealed marked thickening of the left ventricular wall, where
      the gallium scan correspondingly showed an abnormal accumulation. Irradiation to
      the mediastinum resulted in a dramatic decrease in ventricular wall thickness and
      disappearance of the gallium accumulation. Postmortem examination confirmed
      previous lymphomatous involvement of the myocardium. Combined techniques,
      including echocardiography and gallium scan, can be valuable for noninvasive
      detection and follow-up of myocardial involvement in patients with malignant
      lymphoma.

PMID- 4031312
TI  - Aneurysm of the interatrial septum.

PMID- 4031313
TI  - Ioxaglate, iopamidol and diatrizoate in coronary arteriography.

PMID- 4031314
TI  - Abstracts presented at the American College of Nutrition 26th annual meeting and
      the Fourth International Symposium on Magnesium. Blacksburg, Virginia, July 21
      28, 1985.

PMID- 4031315
TI  - Steroid myopathy.

PMID- 4031316
TI  - Hypersensitivity reactions to ingested crustacea: clinical evaluation and
      diagnostic studies in shrimp-sensitive individuals.
AB  - Adverse reactions to ingested crustacea are common and may be life-threatening.
      We studied 14 individuals with histories of such reactions to shrimp by immediate
      skin tests and RAST with extracts of shrimp, crab, crayfish, and lobster. Nine of
      these subjects (8/8 atopics and 1/6 nonatopics) had positive immediate skin tests
      (wheal greater than or equal to 2 mm) and RAST (ratios greater than 3.0) to
      shrimp. Their skin tests and RAST ratios to the other crustacea were also
      frequently positive even, in several cases, in the absence of prior exposure. In
      contrast, only 1/10 volunteers with no history of intolerance to crustacea had a
      weak positive skin test to raw shrimp. These studies suggest that both skin tests
      and RAST are useful in the confirmation of hypersensitivity to shrimp in atopic
      individuals and that cross-reactivity among crustacea may exist.

PMID- 4031317
TI  - Cholinergic nasal hyperreactivity in atopic subjects.
AB  - Increased nasal secretions are a fundamental component of allergic rhinitis. In
      order to analyze various parameters of nasal secretions, a relatively
      nontraumatic method for collecting nasal secretions was required. A small,
      flexible rubber catheter connected to a vacuum and inserted 4 cm into the nose
      proved to be an efficient method for recovering secretions produced from a series
      of nasal washes. An average of 67% of the washings were recovered and analyzed
      for protein content. Topical methacholine (5 to 100 mg) stimulated a dose-related
      increase in the amount of protein secreted with atopic patients demonstrating
      significantly more responsiveness than nonatopic patients (29.9 times the
      prechallenge production of protein for atopic patients and 4.8 times for
      nonatopic patients). Pretreatment with atropine (10 micrograms) reduced the
      effects of methacholine in atopic subjects, indicating that the secretory
      activity was in response to muscarinic receptor stimulation. Therefore, in
      addition to the array of autonomic abnormalities already recognized in atopic
      patients, these subjects are also hyperresponsive to nasal cholinergic
      stimulation.

PMID- 4031318
TI  - Increased numbers of circulating basophil progenitors in atopic patients.
AB  - Recruitment of basophils to sites of homocytotropic antibody-mediated
      hypersensitivity reactions has been well documented in both experimental and
      clinical situations. Mechanisms underlying tissue basophil accumulation, however,
      remain unclear and may involve chemotaxis, cell proliferation, or both. We have
      recently reported the presence in human blood of circulating basophil/mast cell
      progenitors on the basis of histamine content of granulocyte colonies grown in
      methylcellulose. In the current studies we have analyzed the peripheral blood of
      30 patients with atopy and 25 comparable control subjects for frequency of
      basophil/mast cell progenitors by analysis of the histamine content of individual
      granulocyte colonies. Forty percent of granulocyte colonies in cultures of atopic
      patients contained histamine in comparison to only 11% in cultures of control
      subjects (p less than 0.001). Histamine content per colony as well as mean
      histamine per cell in each colony was higher in granulocyte colonies of atopic
      subjects and could not be related to colony size or culture conditions.
      Granulocyte colony growth was enhanced by antigen-stimulated, peripheral blood
      lymphomononuclear cell--conditioned media of atopic patients. Histamine-positive
      colonies were found more frequently in active versus quiescent atopic disease (p
      less than 0.05). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that basophils
      accumulate at sites of allergic reactions at least in part by recruitment of
      progenitors from circulation and subsequent differentiation in situ in response
      to lymphokines. Further studies by use of hemopoietic assays could elucidate the
      contribution of basophil production to the development of allergic conditions.

PMID- 4031319
TI  - Skin testing with an aqueous extract of cotton bract.
AB  - Airway challenge with cotton bract extract (CBE) causes reversible bronchospasm
      in most volunteers never before exposed to CBE or the textile industry. Lung
      function abnormalities develop slowly after inhalation with a maximum effect
      reached within 2 hours and lung function slowly improving thereafter. When CBE
      was injected intradermally in three naive subjects with negligible airway
      response to CBE, we observed an initial wheal-and-flare reaction within minutes
      followed by erythema and subsequent induration that persisted for 24 to 48 hours.
      Microscopic examination of skin biopsy specimens obtained during the course of
      these reactions revealed edema in the early phase followed by perivascular
      infiltration of a mixed cellular nature in the subsequent stages of the reaction.
      Degranulation of mast cells was noted throughout the course of the reaction.
      These findings indirectly suggest that a nonspecific inflammatory reaction
      initiated by mast cell-derived mediators and sustained by the presence of
      infiltrating cells may be responsible for some of the airway effects observed in
      byssinosis.

PMID- 4031320
TI  - Where does cat allergen 1 come from?
AB  - Cat allergen 1, the major allergen from cats, has been demonstrated to be present
      in surface washing and in saliva. With the use of an immunohistologic technique
      with monospecific anti-CA 1, we demonstrated two different sources of the
      protein, mucous salivary glands and hair roots, where it originates from
      sebaceous glands.

PMID- 4031321
TI  - Congenital X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and asymptomatic hepatitis B antigen
      carrier state.
AB  - Hepatitis occurring in patients with congenital X-linked or common variable
      hypogammaglobulinemia has been reported to follow a usual pattern of rapid
      progression from acute hepatitis to either chronic active hepatitis or death.
      This article describes a 21-year-old black man with congenital X-linked
      hypogammaglobulinemia who has been known to be a hepatitis B-associated antigen
      carrier during a 9-year follow up period. Liver enzyme studies are normal. His
      immunologic studies demonstrate no impairment of cellular immunity. His brother,
      who has the same disease and lives in the same household, has remained negative
      for hepatitis B-associated antigen. This patient demonstrates that not all
      hypogammaglobulinemia patients invariably have a severe clinical course with
      hepatitis.

PMID- 4031322
TI  - IgE against ethylene oxide-altered human serum albumin in patients with
      anaphylactic reactions to dialysis.
AB  - We have measured total antibody and IgE directed against ethylene oxide-altered
      human serum albumin (ETO-HSA) in the sera of 24 patients who have experienced
      anaphylaxis during hemodialysis and of 41 patients who have not had such episodes
      during hemodialysis. ETO is used to sterilize dialyzers and other medical
      equipment. The geometric mean level of IgE to ETO-HSA in patients with reactions
      (0.9 ng ETO-HSA bound to IgE per milliliter of serum) is significantly higher
      than in nonreacting patients (0.1 ng/ml, p less than 0.0001). Sixteen of 24
      patients with reactions had detectable levels of IgE to ETO-HSA, whereas only
      three of 41 nonreacting patients had detectable levels (p less than 0.0001 chi
      square). The geometric mean level of total antibody to ETO-HSA is also
      significantly higher in patients with reactions (270 ng ETO-HSA bound per
      milliliter) than in nonreacting patients (31 ng/ml, p less than 0.0001). Fourteen
      of 24 patients with reactions but only four of 39 nonreacting patients had total
      antibody binding of ETO-HSA (p less than 0.0001 chi-square). These data extend
      our previous observations on a small group of 13 patients receiving hemodialysis
      (seven patients with reactions, and six nonreacting patients) and clearly
      demonstrate an association between the presence of IgE or total antibody to ETO
      HSA and immediate anaphylactic reactions in this group of 65 patients receiving
      hemodialysis.

PMID- 4031323
TI  - Allergic Aspergillus sinusitis.

PMID- 4031324
TI  - Approval by the Food and Drug Administration of polymerized ragweed extract for
      treatment of ragweed-sensitive individuals.

PMID- 4031325
TI  - Nutrition intervention: panacea or Pandora's box?
AB  - Past intervention efforts have not been effective in solving the nutrition
      problems in either industrialized or developing nations. While it may be
      intellectually stimulating, arguing over the subtleties of various strategies
      does not serve to improve the nutritional well-being of populations and may
      actually be detrimental. Whether we are concerned about an excess of calories or
      an inadequate supply of calories, the issue of calories is critical worldwide. A
      nutrient density approach provides a unified, scientifically justifiable,
      comprehensive approach to improving the nutritional status of populations in both
      developed and developing countries.

PMID- 4031326
TI  - Appalachian adolescents' eating patterns and nutrient intakes.
AB  - Meal and snack patterns of 114 male and 111 female adolescents in a southern
      Appalachian state were examined from 24-hour food records kept on a school day.
      Breakfast was skipped by 34% of the respondents, and 27% either skipped lunch or
      ate a snack-type lunch. The evening meal and snacks, each of which contributed
      about one-third of the daily energy intake, were eaten by 94% and 89%,
      respectively. Girls' mean intakes of vitamin A, calcium, and iron were low at all
      eating occasions throughout the day. Boys' mean intakes of iron were low at
      breakfast, lunch, and snacks; their vitamin A intakes were low at lunch and
      snacks. Adolescents who prepared their own breakfasts consumed less energy,
      protein, fat, and niacin at that meal than did adolescents who ate breakfasts
      prepared by their mothers. However, adolescent-prepared breakfasts were higher in
      nutrient density for calcium, riboflavin, and thiamin. Evening meals prepared by
      adolescents were similar in total nutrient content to meals prepared by their
      mothers but lower in nutrient density for iron and thiamin. Evening meals
      prepared by adolescents were more likely to include a sandwich and less likely to
      include a vegetable than were meals prepared by mothers.

PMID- 4031328
TI  - Health implications of obesity: an NIH Consensus Development Conference.
AB  - In February 1985, in Bethesda, MD, the National Institutes of Health held a
      Consensus Development Conference on the Health Implications of Obesity. Nineteen
      experts in pertinent subject areas presented the current state of the art to a
      panel of 15 senior-level professionals. On the basis of the scientific evidence
      presented and its discussion by the audience, the panel formulated a "consensus
      statement" of findings and recommendations in the form of a narrative reply to
      six key questions focused on the health implications of obesity. This article
      summarizes the results of the consensus conference and discusses the conclusions
      and recommendations of the panel and their implications for the dietetic
      profession. Also provided, as a practical tool for the dietitian, are two
      nomograms indicating body mass index and desirable weight and 20% and 40%
      overweight levels for men and women of different heights and weights.

PMID- 4031327
TI  - Prediction of total urinary nitrogen from urea nitrogen for burned patients.
AB  - Although many of the current nutrition assessment techniques are inappropriate
      for burned patients, we have found nitrogen balance to be a helpful measure of
      the effectiveness of nutrition therapy if it is used in conjunction with other
      measures of nutritional status. Many clinicians suggest that a 24-hour urinary
      urea nitrogen (UUN) measurement, in addition to a correction term of 2 to 4 gm
      nitrogen, will accurately represent all nitrogen losses (urinary non-urea
      nitrogen, fecal, integumental). However, since no burned patients were used in
      the development of that method, its use may not be appropriate for burned
      patients. As an alternative to total urinary nitrogen (TUN), which is costly and
      time consuming, we have developed a simple way to predict TUN from UUN, percent
      initial total body surface area burn, and age for pediatric and adult burned
      patients. We propose that nitrogen balance may then be determined from the
      predicted TUN by an equation showing that nitrogen balance equals daily nitrogen
      intake minus predicted TUN plus fecal and normal nitrogen loss.

PMID- 4031329
TI  - Assessing the cancer risk from foods.
AB  - Assessing the carcinogenicity of a compound and then determining what dosage is
      appropriate for human beings is a complex process. Carcinogens act either by
      altering deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or by promoting the growth of already
      altered cells. Carcinogenicity is evaluated with the use of structural analysis,
      in vitro mutagenesis assays, epidemiological findings, and dose-response studies
      in laboratory animals. In the animal studies, high doses are administered. Once a
      compound is found to be carcinogenic, the dose that will pose an acceptable
      cancer risk to human beings--one in a million--must be extrapolated from the high
      dose data. This virtually safe dose (VSD) will be the allowable dosage for human
      contact. The extrapolation from high-dose animal studies to a VSD for human
      beings is based on the models for carcinogenic mechanisms. Debate exists as to
      how many interactions with DNA the carcinogen must have to initiate neoplastic
      growth and whether there exists a threshold for carcinogenic action below which
      there is no risk of cancer. The extrapolation model that is chosen greatly
      affects the VSD. Knowing how this extrapolation to a VSD is done will help
      dietitians better understand how allowable levels for carcinogens in foods are
      determined.

PMID- 4031330
TI  - Food composition tables: recommended method for deriving nutrient values in their
      preparation.

PMID- 4031331
TI  - Energy and nutrient values from different computerized data bases.
AB  - Twenty-four dietary records were analyzed using three computerized nutrient data
      bases. Differences in mean values were found for 9 of 19 variables evaluated. No
      one data base consistently yielded highest or lowest values for all nutrients.
      Mean values appeared to be most consistent among the data bases for energy and
      the energy-yielding nutrients, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Even when mean
      values did not differ significantly, values for some individual diets were widely
      discrepant. Whether comparisons of calculated energy and nutrient values are
      within or between studies and based on a few or many days of dietary information,
      values should be recognized as estimates and their limitations and strengths
      respected.

PMID- 4031332
TI  - Typical serving sizes: implications for food guidance.

PMID- 4031333
TI  - Acceptability of aspartame- and saccharin-sweetened fruits to users and nonusers
      of artificial sweeteners.

PMID- 4031334
TI  - Imaging the centenarian brain. A computed tomographic study.
AB  - Ten healthy and mentally alert centenarians underwent cranial computed tomography
      (CT) using a fourth-generation CT scanner. The subjects ranged in age from 100 to
      102 years, and included six women and four men. Two of them used alcohol on a
      daily basis and five had systolic blood pressures of at least 160 mmHg. The CT
      scans demonstrated considerable variation in the degree of cerebral atrophy,
      which had no relation to either sex, alcohol use, or hypertension. Three of the
      centenarians had evidence of mild periventricular white matter lucency. Although
      progressive cerebral atrophy is an integral aspect of the normal aging process in
      the very elderly, its exact relationship to cognitive function remains unclear.

PMID- 4031335
TI  - Relationship between age at diagnosis and treatments received by cancer patients.
AB  - Increases in cancer incidence and mortality reflect the larger numbers of elderly
      in the population. Using a mortality sample of 1891 biopsy-confirmed cancer
      patients, analyses reveal older breast, prostate, and cervical-uterine cancer
      victims were more likely to be diagnosed with metastases. Logistic regression
      analyses of subsamples of breast (N = 224), lung (N = 513), and colorectal (N =
      299) cancer patients indicate that age is significantly inversely related to
      receipt of both subsequent chemotherapy and radiation therapy, controlling for
      stage of disease and presence of co-morbid disease. Exceptions to this
      relationship are the use of radiation therapy among nonmetastatic lung cancer
      patients and all breast cancer patients. The implications of these findings for
      current cancer control programs are discussed.

PMID- 4031336
TI  - A 12-month fever surveillance study in a veterans' long-stay institution.
AB  - This report describes a 12-month fever surveillance survey in a 258-bed veterans
      long-term care institution. There were 128 episodes of fever (one episode per 24
      patient-months); 114 were studied. Lower respiratory tract infections were most
      frequent, 36 (32%), with 26 (23%) urinary tract infections. Streptococcus
      pneumoniae was the most common pathogen in the chest infections and Proteus
      mirabilis the most common of the urinary tract infections. In 40 (35%) there was
      no evidence of a lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, or other bacterial
      infection. Most recovered rapidly, many with no specific treatment. There was a
      16% mortality associated with the febrile episodes.

PMID- 4031337
TI  - Hospital readmissions among the elderly.
AB  - This paper investigates the six-month hospital readmission rates among 444
      patients 65 years of age or older admitted to a large metropolitan teaching
      hospital who had a primary discharge diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease, hip
      fracture, or congestive heart failure. Twenty-four percent were readmitted to the
      same institution one or more times during the six-month follow-up. Striking
      variability was observed in use of hospitals across these diagnostic groups.
      Patients with a primary diagnosis of congestive heart failure were at highest
      risk of hospital readmission (36%). Multiple readmissions among the congestive
      heart failure group were prevalent. These preliminary data suggest that hospital
      readmission among the aged is a complex multifaceted phenomena.

PMID- 4031339
TI  - OARS methodology. A decade of experience in geriatric assessment.
AB  - The Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) methodology was designed to
      assess functional capacity in five dimensions (social resources, economic
      resources, mental health, physical health, and activities of daily living) and to
      measure use of and need for 24 types of generic services. The OARS questionnaire
      now has been used in more than 150 research and practice settings. Recent
      refinements in the OARS methodology include new information about validity and
      reliability, computerized summary ratings for the five dimensions of functional
      status, and eleven scales that measure specific aspects of functioning within the
      five dimensions. This paper describes the conceptual foundation, appropriate
      uses, psychometric properties, and recent refinements in the OARS methodology.
      Empirical data from a geriatric clinic population are used for purposes of
      illustration. The paper presents an assessment of the strengths and limitations
      of the OARS methodology based on more than a decade of experience. Particular
      attention is paid to the degree to which the measures of functional status can be
      related to health service use measures to inform geriatric research and practice.

PMID- 4031338
TI  - Community-based geriatric assessment.
AB  - A comprehensive review of the multidisciplinary functional assessment and
      treatment of 800 patients seen at a community-based geriatric assessment center
      was performed to profile clinical characteristics of patients attending such a
      program and to evaluate possible predictors of institutionalization. The most
      common problems addressed were senile dementia (46%), hypertension (31%),
      clinically significant depression (30%), and burdened caregiver (24%). More than
      90% of patients were able to remain in the community after multidisciplinary
      treatment of their problems and marshalling of support services. The most potent
      predictors of institutionalization in rank order of predictive value were: falls
      or unstable gait, senile dementia, caregiver strain, lack of support services,
      and moderate to severe impairment of ability to perform activities of daily
      living (multiple R = 0.45; P = .001). Advantages and impediments to community
      based assessment are discussed.

PMID- 4031340
TI  - Physicians' knowledge of prescribing for the elderly. A study of primary care
      physicians in Pennsylvania.
AB  - The 143 physicians who returned to Temple University Medical School a
      questionnaire on knowledge of prescribing for the elderly constituted 25% of a
      stratified random sample of general practitioners (GPs), family practitioners
      (FPs), and practitioners in internal medicine (IMs) reimbursed under Medicare in
      Pennsylvania in 1979. The mean score on the 23-item drug questionnaire was
      significantly lower (P less than .05) than the score deemed adequate by a panel
      of six experts in the field. Five variables, identified by survey questions, were
      positively associated with physicians' test scores: importance of professional
      meetings, perception of need for continuing medical education, board
      eligibility/certification, group practice, and a practice in which the elderly
      constitute 25 to 49% of all patients. Two variables were negatively associated:
      number of years since date of licensure and the importance of drug
      advertisements. Respondents and nonrespondents were compared on nine variables
      for which American Medical Association (AMA), American Osteopathic Association
      (AOA), or Blue Shield data were available. Pennsylvania graduates were
      significantly overrepresented in the respondent group. The only other significant
      difference found was in field of practice, where findings differed by source of
      information. There was no significant difference in mean scores of early and late
      respondents. The research findings support those of three previous studies, not
      limited to the elderly, which found prescribing knowledge inadequate. They
      suggest the need for examining/improving the opportunities for medical students
      and physicians to increase their knowledge of geriatric pharmacology.

PMID- 4031341
TI  - Sex, age, and values.

PMID- 4031343
TI  - OARS methodology and the "medical model".

PMID- 4031342
TI  - Geriatric assessment programs. Their time has come.

PMID- 4031344
TI  - Supporting each other.

PMID- 4031345
TI  - Career satisfaction and role harmony in Afro-American women physicians.

PMID- 4031346
TI  - Health care workers who breastfeed: implications for patient management.

PMID- 4031347
TI  - Women and science performance in a six-year medical program.

PMID- 4031348
TI  - Adolescent suicide: the tragic end of childhood.

PMID- 4031349
TI  - Pharmacology in optometry.

PMID- 4031350
TI  - Replacement of soft contact lenses.

PMID- 4031351
TI  - Trends in the change of clinical refractive error in myopes.
AB  - Longitudinal records of 559 myopes were obtained from five optometric practices.
      A linear regression model was used to describe various parameters of myopia
      progression, including onset age, rates, and cessation age of childhood
      progression. Typical rates of childhood myopia increases are around 0.4 D/yr,
      although there is considerable individual variability. An earlier onset is
      correlated with the development of a higher final amount of myopia. The earlier
      cessation age of childhood myopia progression in females than in males is
      hypothesized to be related to growth factors.

PMID- 4031352
TI  - Saccades and small-field optokinetic nystagmus in infants.
AB  - Developmental studies of infant eye movements may be a useful tool in the early
      diagnosis of visual abnormalities. We have measured saccades made by infants
      during the free scanning of stimuli differing in attentional value. When viewing
      stimuli with high attentional value, infants made saccades that had adult-like
      peak velocity/amplitude (main sequence) relationships, while for less interesting
      stimuli, their saccades were slower; saccadic oscillations were also more
      frequent for these stimuli. In studies of small-field horizontal and vertical
      optokinetic nystagmus, with binocular viewing, infants' horizontal OKN was of
      higher frequency and lower amplitude than their vertical OKN. Within vertical
      OKN, there was a clear asymmetry with reduced responsiveness to downward moving
      stimuli. This asymmetry declined for older infants; possible interpretations for
      this change are discussed.

PMID- 4031353
TI  - Development of stereopsis depends upon contrast sensitivity and spatial tuning.
AB  - Various binocular functions such as disparity vergence, and stereopsis develop
      rapidly during the third to fifth month of life. This time frame coincides with
      the rapid postnatal development of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and
      possibly the tuning of spatial channels. Recent studies of adult stereopsis
      reveal that small disparities near the stereo threshold are processed within
      spatial channels tuned above 2.5 cycles/deg. Sensitivity to these higher spatial
      frequencies develops during the 3-5 months of life. Adult studies also reveal
      that larger disparities are processed by spatial channels tuned to lower spatial
      frequencies. Tuning of these low spatial frequency channels may not be present
      until 3 months of age. Lack of spatial tuning prior to 3 months is predicted to
      be associated with a lack of disparity tuning as well as an inability to ignore
      false disparities in ambiguous or redundant stimuli such as random dot
      stereograms. These observations suggest that refractive anomalies such as
      anisometropia that limit high frequency spatial resolution and binocular
      integration can present a major obstacle to the postnatal development of
      binocular vision.

PMID- 4031355
TI  - Hiring staff can be as serious as getting married.

PMID- 4031354
TI  - Forced-choice preferential looking acuity in very young kittens: a model for
      human development.
AB  - The development of visual acuity was studied longitudinally in young kittens,
      using a modification of the forced-choice preferential looking method (FPL).
      Acuity, defined as the spatial frequency which yields 70% correct responses by a
      naive observer, shows a 16-fold increase between 2 and 10 weeks of age. Acuity
      evaluated this way falls short of the acuity values obtained with the jumping
      stand or with electrophysiological methods. Acuity estimated with a criterion
      just above chance comes close to the resolution of the highest-resolving single
      cells in the striate cortex.

PMID- 4031356
TI  - Determination of reducing sugars in the nanomole range with tetrazolium blue.
AB  - Addition of sodium potassium tartrate to basic solutions of tetrazolium blue
      [(2,2',5,5'-tetraphenyl-3,3'-dimethoxy 4,4'-biphenylene) ditetrazolium chloride]
      greatly improved their efficacy as colorimetric reagents for reducing sugar
      determination. This modification increased sensitivity and decreased reaction
      time. The modified reagent can determine as little as 1 nmol of neutral sugars as
      well as 2-amino and N-acetyl amino sugars.

PMID- 4031357
TI  - Measurement of biophysical properties of red blood cells by resistive pulse
      spectroscopy: volume, shape, surface area, and deformability.
AB  - This paper presents a simple, new approach to the determination of size, shape,
      surface area, and deformability information for cells, notably red blood cells.
      The results are obtained by combining experimental measurements from resistive
      pulse spectroscopy (an extension of electronic cell-sizing methodology) with
      theoretical calculations for model cell systems. Assuming constancy of surface
      area and approximating red cell shapes by both prolate and oblate ellipsoids of
      revolution, values are determined for cell shape factor and volume under a
      variety of conditions. For red blood cells under low-stress conditions, shape
      factor, volume, and surface area results are found to be consistent with those
      available from the literature, when the oblate model is used. The applicability
      of this approach for determination of red cell properties under altered
      conditions is demonstrated by results for cell volume, at varying osmotic
      pressure and mechanical shear (tensile) stress. By quantitating the change in
      cell shape with stress, a new numerical scale for measuring cell deformability is
      also obtained, and data are presented on its variation for red cells at different
      osmolalities, over the range of 140 to 500 mOsm.

PMID- 4031358
TI  - Free fatty acid microdetermination by gas-liquid chromatography without
      transmethylating effects of methylation procedure.
AB  - A fast and practicable gas-liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of
      non-esterified fatty acids (C14:0-C18:2) from 100 microliter plasma is described.
      This technique includes extraction, purification using the solvents n-heptane and
      0.5 M Na2CO3, and methylation by 0.1 M HCl-methanol. Extraction, quantification
      and optimal methylation conditions without transmethylation have been
      investigated. Reproducibility is good and results agree with values found in the
      literature.

PMID- 4031359
TI  - A versatile technique for drying polyacrylamide slab gels.
AB  - Slab gels of different thickness, and of various homogeneous or gradient
      concentrations of acrylamide, can be dried rapidly and consistently using a newly
      developed drying procedure. After drying, stained gels retain excellent
      resolution of electrophoretic patterns, and unstained gels are suitable for use
      in autoradiography and fluorography.

PMID- 4031360
TI  - A polyvinylchloride-membrane based anion selective electrode for continuous
      registration of delta pH (interior alkaline) with salicylate as the indicator
      probe.
AB  - An anion sensitive electrode has been constructed with the use of the lipid
      soluble cation benzyl-dimethyl-hexadecylammonium analogous to the procedure
      described for tetraphenylphosphonium-sensitive electrodes [Shinbo, T., Kamo, N.,
      Kurihara, K. and Kobatake, Y. (1978) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 187, 414-422]. The
      anion electrode responds to salicylate concentrations above 400 microM with a
      Nernstian sensitivity. Less lipid soluble anions like chloride and phosphate do
      not interfere. Below 400 microM salicylate the response of the electrode
      decreases gradually so that the sensitivity of the electrode is less than 10 mV
      per decade change at concentrations of the anion of 50 microM. A computer program
      has been developed to fit the electrode response curve with a polynomal function
      of the fourth power. Additional software-allows calculation of changes in the
      concentration of the salicylate anion, also under conditions where the
      sensitivity of the electrode for the anion is not constant. In this way the
      electrode can be used to measure changes in salicylate concentration that occur
      in a suspension of bacteria when, upon energization, a pH gradient is generated.
      31P nuclear magnetic resonance measurements demonstrated that the pH gradient
      measured with the salicylate-sensitive electrode in the phototrophic bacterium
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides is quantitatively correct. The response time of the
      electrode decreases from 1 min at 20 microM salicylate to 10 s at concentrations
      greater than or equal to 200 microM.

PMID- 4031361
TI  - Horseradish peroxidase localization of the sympathetic postganglionic neurons
      innervating the cat heart.
AB  - The localization of the sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the cat
      heart has been investigated by using retrograde axonal transport of horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP). HRP was injected into the subepicardial layers of 4 different
      cardiac regions. The animals were sacrificed 72-96 h later and fixed by perfusion
      via the left ventricle. The paravertebral sympathetic ganglia from the superior
      cervical, middle cervical and stellate ganglia to T10 ganglia were removed and
      processed for HRP identification. Following injections of HRP into the apex of
      the heart, the sinoatrial (SA) nodal region and the ventral wall of the right
      ventricle, we observed that HRP-labeled sympathetic neurons were localized
      predominantly in the right stellate ganglia, and to a lesser extent, in the right
      superior and middle cervical ganglia, and left stellate ganglia. Fewer labeled
      cells were found in the right T4-T6. T8 and T9. After HRP injection into the
      dorsal wall of the left ventricle, HRP-labeled cells were present mainly in the
      left stellate ganglia.

PMID- 4031363
TI  - Selective hepatic vagotomy eliminates the hypophagic effect of different
      metabolites.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that vagally mediated metabolic signals from the liver
      affect feeding, we investigated the influence of selective hepatic vagotomy on
      the anorectic effect of different metabolites in rats. Subcutaneous injection of
      glycerol (GLY), D-3 hydroxybutyrate (DHB), L-malate (MAL), L-lactate (LAC), or
      pyruvate (PYR) (5.7 mmol/kg metabolic body weight = b.wt.0.75, each) reduced food
      intake in sham-vagotomized rats. Selective hepatic vagotomy eliminated the
      hypophagic effect of all metabolites. In an additional experiment, LAC retained
      its potency to inhibit feeding in sham-vagotomized rats after an intraperitoneal
      injection of atropine methylnitrate (5 mg/kg b.wt.0.75). The results demonstrate
      that the hypophagic effect of GLY, DHB, MAL, LAC and PYR originates in the liver
      and is mediated by hepatic vagal afferents. This implicates the existence of
      adequate hepatic receptors which might contribute to the control of food intake.

PMID- 4031362
TI  - Vagal afferent stimulation-evoked gastric secretion suppressed by paraventricular
      nucleus lesion.
AB  - Studies were performed to evaluate the possibility that the paraventricular
      nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus modulates gastric acid secretion by changing
      the sensitivity of the gastric secretory control mechanism to vagal afferent
      input. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, 17 rats were prepared with esophageal and
      pyloric catheters such that the stomach could be perfused continuously on a flow
      through basis. Thus, acid secretion could be monitored throughout the experiment.
      Stimulating electrodes were attached to the central cut end of the cervical vagus
      nerve. Unilateral stimulation of cervical vagal afferents resulted in a
      substantial increase in gastric acid secretion. This vagal afferent-mediated
      increase in acid outflow was suppressed following a single PVN lesion ipsilateral
      to the side of afferent stimulated output. Given the nature of PVN connections
      with brainstem regions responsible for the elaboration of vago-vagal reflexes,
      our results suggest that the PVN may control gastric acid outflow by changing the
      gain of gastric vago-vagal reflexes.

PMID- 4031364
TI  - The effect of cardiac autonomic blockade on ventricular response to changes in
      preload.
AB  - Echocardiographic (E) assessment of left ventricular response to increases (I)
      and decreases (D) in preload of 9 volunteer male subjects (mean age 25 +/- 2.0
      years) was made during both control (C) and cardiac blocked (B) conditions.
      Cardiac autonomic blockade was produced by intravenous administration of atropine
      (0.04 mg/kg) and propranolol (0.2 mg/kg), while I was produced by 5 degrees head
      down tilt (T) for 90 min and D by lower body negative pressure to -40 Torr.
      Increases in resting heart rate of 44% and diastolic blood pressure of 13%
      occurred after B, (P less than 0.05). During C, the alterations in preload
      produced mean changes in end-diastolic volume (EDV) ranging from 135 +/- 10 cm3
      for I to 96 +/- 9.1 cm3 for D. Changes in stroke volume during condition C were
      significantly related to changes in EDV during preload alterations and conformed
      to a normal LV function curve and were described by SV = 0.6 EDV + 4.5 cm3 (r =
      0.85; P less than 0.001). Similarly during B, SV = 0.43 EDV + 5.8 cm3 (r = 0.75;
      P less than 0.001). Comparison of the LV function curves produced during C and B
      showed that both slope of regression and r were significantly different (P less
      than 0.01). These data indicate that cardiac autonomic blockade produces a
      downward shift in the LV function curve indicating a depression in myocardial
      contractility. In addition, the data indicate that changes observed in LV
      function during wide variations in preload are independent of autonomic nervous
      system influences and are independent of the intrinsic heart rate.

PMID- 4031365
TI  - Characterization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the submandibular gland
      of the rat.
AB  - The specific muscarinic ligand [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) was used to
      label acetylcholine receptors in the submandibular gland of the rat. Specific
      binding of [3H]QNB increased linearly with tissue concentration in the range of
      0.02-0.3 mg of protein/ml. Kinetic analysis of [3H]QNB binding revealed the
      presence of a single population of high affinity binding sites, with a
      dissociation constant of 87.2 pM and a Hill coefficient of 0.95. The binding was
      saturable and the receptor density was 214 fmol/mg of protein. The rate constants
      at 37 degrees C for association and dissociation of the [3H]QNB-receptor complex
      were 5.98 X 10(-8) M-1 X min-1 and 6.6 X 10(-3) X min-1, respectively. The ratio
      k-1/k+1 gave a Kd value of 11.1 pM, similar to the Kd value (13.1 pM) determined
      by kinetic parameters when extrapolated at infinitely low receptor concentration.
      Muscarinic antagonists displaced [3H]QNB from muscarinic receptors with a Hill
      coefficient near to 1.0. Displacement curves for muscarinic agonists and for the
      atypical antagonist pirenzepine had Hill values significantly less than one. In
      the presence of 0.1 mM GPP(NH)P, the potency of agonists but not antagonists in
      displacing [3H]QNB binding decreased 2 to 3-fold. The [3H]QNB binding site was
      sensitive to the inhibitory effect of various sulfhydryl reagents. Repeated
      treatments of rats with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor led to a decreased
      density of muscarinic receptors in the submandibular gland. This alteration was
      specific for the muscarinic recognition site and was paralleled by a reduced
      sensitivity to carbachol.

PMID- 4031366
TI  - Cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and progressive vasoconstriction distal to
      coronary stenoses: feed-back aggravation of myocardial ischemia.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that the relative ischemia distal to a severe
      coronary stenosis increases the activity of cardiac sympathetic nerves which in
      turn results in poststenotic vasoconstriction and an aggravation of ischemia. An
      acute severe stenosis which reduced coronary blood flow to 50% of control was
      produced in 23 anesthetized, vagotomized dogs and maintained for 20 min. The
      activity of postganglionic cardiac sympathetic nerves increased by 23 +/- 4%
      within 20 min. In parallel, poststenotic coronary resistance increased from 0.48
      +/- 0.03 to 0.61 +/- 0.03 mm Hg X min X 100 g/ml resulting in a net lactate
      production after 15 min. Pretreatment with aspirin (6 mg/kg i.v.; n = 5) was
      without any influence on these reactions. The selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor
      antagonist rauwolscine (0.2 mg/kg i.v.; n = 6) and the calcium antagonist
      nifedipine (10 micrograms/kg i.v.; n = 6) prevented the progressive increase in
      poststenotic resistance and lactate production, but still permitted an increase
      in sympathetic activity. Segmental anesthesia of cardiac sympathetic nerves by
      epidural infiltration of procaine at segments C7-T6 (n = 6) prevented the
      sympathetic activation, the progressive increase in poststenotic resistance and
      the resulting myocardial ischemia. Sympathetic activation and a concomitant
      increase in poststenotic resistance resulting in myocardial ischemia were also
      found in 6 dogs with intact vagus nerves. These data support the hypothesis of a
      vicious cycle between poststenotic coronary vasoconstriction and sympathetic
      activation resulting in severe myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 4031367
TI  - The components of the hypogastric nerve in male and female guinea pigs.
AB  - A quantitative study has been made of the neural components of the hypogastric
      nerves of male and female guinea pigs using retrograde transport of horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) to identify the population of neurones projecting in the nerve
      trunk, and electronmicroscopic analysis of the myelinated and unmyelinated axons
      present. Application of HRP to the transected axons of the hypogastric nerve
      labelled the cell bodies of sensory neurones in lumbar and sacral dorsal root
      ganglia, preganglionic neurones in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord, and
      postganglionic neurones in the inferior mesenteric ganglion and in the lumbar
      paravertebral chain; some ganglion cells of the pelvic plexus were also labelled.
      The number and distribution of each type of neurone with axons in the hypogastric
      nerve differed between the sexes: in particular, about twice as many
      preganglionic axons were present in the male as in the female.

PMID- 4031368
TI  - Tropic interactions between sympathetic nerves and vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - Explants of sympathetic ganglia from 3-9 day old rats were grown on collagen
      coated coverslips in modified Rose chambers for 5 days, either alone or 2 mm away
      from explants of 6 week old rat caudal artery and aorta. Nerve fibre growth was
      stimulated on the side of the ganglion explant near the caudal artery explants
      but was not stimulated near the aorta. To determine the source of the nerve
      growth stimulation, explants of whole intact wall of the caudal artery, separated
      adventitia and medial layers, enzyme-dispersed cells, homogenized cells and
      medium pre-conditioned by caudal artery explants, were combined with ganglia.
      Explants of whole caudal artery and dispersed cells were also precultured prior
      to combination with ganglia. These combinations allowed analysis of the role of
      smooth muscle cells, existing nerve fibres, necrotic cells and connective tissue.
      Results suggested that degenerating nerve fibres within the blood vessels caused
      the increase in the number and the 'attraction' of the nerve fibres growing from
      the sympathetic ganglia. In contrast, both caudal artery and aorta from 3-9 day
      old rats caused stimulation of nerve fibre growth. Since these vessels were not
      yet innervated, the effect cannot be due to degenerating nerve terminals and a
      different mechanism must be involved.

PMID- 4031369
TI  - Computer/video analysis of movement disorders.

PMID- 4031371
TI  - Enter the barefoot microscopist.

PMID- 4031370
TI  - Infection control and medical photography.

PMID- 4031372
TI  - The computing system in the Audio Visual Centre University of Newcastle upon
      Tyne.

PMID- 4031373
TI  - Videotapes for teaching clinical methods: medial students' response to a pilot
      project.

PMID- 4031374
TI  - Proper storage of photographic images.

PMID- 4031375
TI  - Interference from diathermy equipment during television recording of surgery.

PMID- 4031376
TI  - Effect of chronic bromocriptine administration on tumor size in patients with
      "nonsecreting" pituitary adenomas.
AB  - The effect of chronic bromocriptine administration (7.5-20 mg/day for 1-32
      months) on the size of "nonsecreting" pituitary adenomas (NPA) was studied in 20
      patients. Brain computed tomography showed a marked reduction of the adenoma in
      one patient after 1 month of treatment (7.5 mg/day); further scans taken 2 and 15
      months later, under the same bromocriptine dose, did not show any other
      variations in the tumoral mass. In the remaining 19 patients, no changes in tumor
      size were documented by CT during the treatment. Four patients had a worsening of
      visual fields during bromocriptine administration and they were referred for
      neurosurgery. In conclusion, bromocriptine was ineffective in reducing tumor size
      in all but one patient with NPA and, in some cases, it did not prevent tumor
      growth as is suggested by the worsening of visual fields. Thus, bromocriptine
      treatment, at least at the doses capable of shrinking macroprolactinomas, seems
      to be of limited value in patients with NPA.

PMID- 4031377
TI  - Estradiol and progesterone receptors in normal and pathologic colonic mucosa in
      humans.
AB  - The presence of estradiol (E) and progesterone (Pg) receptors (R) has been
      demonstrated also in normal and neoplastic tissues known to be hormone
      independent and in particular in primitive colonic cancer, and, possibly, in
      healthy colonic mucosa. In this study endoscopic and surgical colonic mucosa
      specimens from 55 subjects were analyzed and divided as follows: 21 samples from
      healthy subjects, 12 normal mucosa samples from subjects affected with colonic
      cancer, 8 adenomatous polyps specimens, 5 samples from ulcerative colitis drawn
      on areas showing macroscopic lesions and 9 colonic cancer specimens. In the
      control group we have observed 6 cases positive for ER (28.6%) and 2 positive for
      PgR (14.3%). Six normal mucosa specimens from subjects affected with colonic
      cancer were found to be positive for ER (50%) and 2 for PgR (16.7%). Five colonic
      cancers resulted ER positive (55.5%) and 4 PgR positive (44.4%). Four polyps were
      ER positive (50%) and 3 PgR positive (37.5%); in this group only one subject
      showed positive binding in the surrounding normal tissue. These data confirm the
      presence of ER and PgR in colonic cancer and colonic adenomas (so-called
      precancerous disease); in these subjects the finding of steroid receptors also in
      normal mucosa suggests that the presence of steroid binding could be considered
      as a marker of a precancerous condition.

PMID- 4031378
TI  - Effects of growth hormone and triiodothyronine administration of the localization
      of 14C-D-glucose on regenerating sciatic nerve in rabbits.
AB  - In the present study the effect of the administration of GH and T3 on glucose
      distribution in the regenerating nerve was studied. The right sciatic nerve of 40
      male rabbits was crushed at a specific site so that axonotmesis ensued. The
      animals were divided into two equal groups: one for the study of the effects of
      human growth hormone (hGH) and the other of triiodothyronine (T3). In all animals
      14C-D-glucose a([14C]D-G) was injected iv as a tracer. The sciatic nerves from
      both sides were removed from all animals, divided into four equal segments and
      checked for radioactivity. In all cases an increased concentration of [14C]D-G
      appeared in the crushed nerve as compared with the intact one. GH administration
      caused a decrease in [14C]D-G uptake in both intact and injured nerves. T3
      administration caused a significant decrease in [14C]D-G levels in the blood but
      did not substantially change [14C]D-G uptake in the crushed nerves as a whole. T3
      administration appeared also to cause a peripheral displacement of the site of
      maximum [14C]D-G concentration in the injured nerve, indicating possibly an
      increased regeneration rate.

PMID- 4031379
TI  - Plasmatic arginine vasopressin levels in total and partial diabetes insipidus.
AB  - Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) was measured in 24 patients with polyuria
      exceeding 3.5 l/day diagnosed as severe or partial diabetes insipidus according
      to the dehydration test. All patients with severe diabetes insipidus diagnosed by
      the dehydration test had very low or undetectable basal AVP values and always
      subnormal plasma osmolality. Patients with partial diabetes insipidus diagnosed
      by the dehydration test had a wide range of AVP and osmolality values. The
      stimulation test performed on these patients was able to differentiate patients
      with primary polydipsia from patients with partial diabetes insipidus. The
      measurement of basal plasma AVP is capable of diagnosing all patients with severe
      diabetes insipidus; when we combine the stimulation test with the measurement of
      AVP, we can differentiate partial diabetes insipidus from other forms of
      polyuria.

PMID- 4031380
TI  - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the human vagina.
AB  - Estrogen (E) and progesterone (Pg) receptor (R) levels were determined in the
      human vagina in relation to menopausal status, day of ovarian cycle and
      pregnancy. The results obtained confirmed that the human vagina contains ER and,
      in addition, demonstrated for the first time the presence of PgR in this organ in
      humans. In cycling women, ER and PgR did not vary significantly during the
      ovarian cycle; however low (less than or equal to 10 fmoles/mg cytosol protein)
      concentrations of PgR were more frequently (6 out of 8 cases) detected during the
      secretory phase. No substantial difference was seen in ER and PgR values between
      anterior and posterior wall of the vagina. In postmenopausal patients the levels
      of ER (range: 10-83 fmoles/mg) were similar to those found in premenopause
      (range: 12-78 fmoles/mg). As regards PgR, the majority (14 out of 20) of vaginae
      were devoid of PgR, 4 had a very low (less than or equal to 6 fmoles/mg) PgR
      content and only 2 cases had a PgR level higher than 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein.
      In pregnant patients (6th to 8th week) ER were found in all vaginae, while PgR
      were present only in some cases (3 out of 8). It was concluded that the behavior
      of ER in the human vagina seems different from that in the human endometrium,
      since ER levels do not vary in relation to changes in the concentrations of
      sexual hormones in the circulation. On the contrary, PgR levels appear to depend
      on blood estradiol and progesterone concentration, as in other target tissues.

PMID- 4031381
TI  - Effect of the new ergot derivative terguride on plasma PRL and GH levels in
      patients with pathological hyperprolactinemia or acromegaly.
AB  - Terguride, a derivative of lisuride, has been shown to possess a mixed
      dopaminergic-antidopaminergic activity in experimental models. We have studied
      the effects on PRL and GH levels of 0.2 mg po of terguride in 8 normal subjects,
      in 15 patients with pathological hyperprolactinemia (PHP) and in 17 patients with
      active acromegaly. In PHP, PRL levels were significantly reduced up to 300 min
      after terguride with a nadir (45 +/- 4.0% SE) significantly lower (p less than
      0.05) than the one observed in the 8 normal subjects (72 +/- 3.5%). There was no
      significant difference in plasma PRL levels after 0.2 mg terguride or lisuride in
      7 out of 15 patients tested with both drugs. Terguride did not significantly
      modify GH levels in PHP and in normals but when considering basal and peak
      (occurring between 60 and 150 min) GH values, a significant difference was found
      (p less than 0.01). Mean peak of GH did not differ significantly between PHP (5.0
      +/- 1.1 ng/ml) and normals (6.8 +/- 1.7 ng/ml). Plasma GH levels of 17
      acromegalics were not modified by 0.2 mg of terguride but were significantly
      reduced by 2.5 mg of bromocriptine. Terguride and bromocriptine reduced PRL
      levels in acromegalics (p less than 0.01) without any significant difference
      between the two drug. 0.2 mg terguride bid given for 15 days to 7 healthy
      volunteers significantly reduced both basal and sulpiride (25 mg im)-stimulated
      PRL levels. Side effects were observed only in 4 out of 47 subjects tested with
      terguride and in 8 out of 34 tested with bromocriptine.

PMID- 4031382
TI  - Clonidine-suppression test in epinephrine secreting pheochromocytoma: report of a
      case.
AB  - A patient is described in whom the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was suspected on
      clinical grounds. He had normal urinary and plasma norepinephrine levels, with
      normal suppression of plasma norepinephrine by clonidine. However, plasma and
      urinary epinephrine levels were above normal, and plasma epinephrine was not
      suppressed but increased by clonidine. Selective venous sampling showed marked
      unilateral adrenal epinephrine excess. A large epinephrine secreting
      pheochromocytoma was surgically removed. This case suggests that, in
      pheochromocytomas releasing predominantly epinephrine, normal norepinephrine
      release from axon terminals of sympathetic postganglionic neurons is maintained
      and is suppressed by clonidine administration. It further reaffirms the value of
      plasma epinephrine estimations in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and indicates
      that normal suppression of plasma norepinephrine by clonidine does not preclude
      the presence of a predominantly epinephrine secreting tumor.

PMID- 4031383
TI  - Differential effects of acute DA receptor blockade with domperidone on LH and TSH
      release in patients with hyperprolactinemia.
AB  - Since dopamine (DA) has been implicated in the inhibitory control of both TSH and
      LH, we have compared TSH and LH levels following dopamine (DA) receptor blockade
      with domperidone in patients with hyperprolactinemia due to presumed
      prolactinomas. Eight euthyroid patients (aged 19-37 yr) with presumed
      prolactinomas each received domperidone (10 mg iv) at 11:00 and 23:00 h and tests
      were separated by at least one week. Basal TSH levels were significantly greater
      at 23:00 than at 11:00 h (2.7 +/- 0.5 vs 1.7 +/- 0.4 mU/l, mean +/- SE, p less
      than 0.01) whereas basal LH levels did not differ. All subjects showed clear
      rises in basal TSH levels following drug administration and these were
      significantly greater at 23:00 than at 11:00 h (p less than 0.02 at each time
      point). In contrast there was no alteration in LH levels following drug
      administration at either time of day. These data suggest that the mechanisms
      underlying the dopaminergic control of TSH and LH are different in these
      patients. Furthermore the data argue against an anterior pituitary or median
      eminence site of action of DA in the inhibition of LH release in
      hyperprolactinemia since domperidone does not penetrate the blood brain barrier
      to any appreciable extent.

PMID- 4031384
TI  - Lack of effect of im diazepam administration on hGH and hPRL secretion in normal
      and acromegalic subjects.
AB  - The usefulness of diazepam as a provocative stimulus for hGH secretion has been
      suggested as a simple, reliable test in clinical hGH assessment of pituitary
      disorders. We have investigated the effects of diazepam (10 mg im) on plasma hGH
      and hPRL in 5 normal and 7 acromegalic subjects. No significant variations in hGH
      and hPRL levels have been observed in any of the studied subjects. These findings
      indicate that the drug is ineffective on hGH and hPRL release and that it cannot
      be considered a valid provocative test either in normal or acromegalic subjects.

PMID- 4031386
TI  - More on nomifensine.

PMID- 4031385
TI  - Calcium metabolism of intact and thyroparathyroidectomized rats fed a bicarbonate
      enriched diet.
AB  - Rats fed a bicarbonate-enriched diet become alkalotic during their feeding period
      (ca. 10 h/day). Alkalosis produced a significant reduction in the plasmatic
      concentration of ionized calcium and increased parathyroid hormone secretion
      confirmed by concurrent hypophosphatemia and increased urinary excretion of cAMP.
      Three weeks of treatment produced, however, a significant reduction of bone Ca
      resorption. The increased endogenous fecal excretion of calcium counteracted the
      enhancement of true calcium absorption. No significant change in the skeletal
      calcium mass was observed. Thyroparathyroidectomized rats fed the alkaline diet
      reduced further their rate of bone Ca resorption and increased significantly
      their skeletal calcium mass.

PMID- 4031387
TI  - Role of blood osmolality in the regulation of vasopressin secretion in man:
      application of a new radioimmunoassay method for vasopressin.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been developed based
      on R2 antibody of Thomas and Lee, synthetic standard (Ferring) and extraction on
      Sep-Pak column. High recovery of AVP (approximately 79%) was achieved with a
      detection limit of 0.25 pg/ml. By improving the technique of measurement of
      plasma osmolality an intraassay coefficient of variation less than 1% was
      obtained. Physiological studies performed with this method demonstrated that AVP
      becomes undetectable after water loading 20 ml per Kg of water po; (N = 6) and
      increases in response to hypertonic saline infusion (0.05 ml/kg/min; N = 15) with
      a linear relationship between plasma osmolality and AVP in individual subjects;
      this relationship is maintained when the test is repeated in the same subjects.
      However when pooling all data together, the relationship between plasma
      osmolality and AVP is best expressed by an exponential relationship. This implies
      that after AVP release is initiated, the concentration of the hormone increases
      more rapidly than plasma osmolality and the release is continuous possibly due to
      recruitment of increasing number of neuronal units whose osmotic threshold varies
      from individual to individual.

PMID- 4031388
TI  - Effects of relaxin on the mouse mammary gland. I. The myoepithelial cells.
AB  - Myoepithelial cells (MEC) were studied in the mammary gland of ovariectomized
      virgin mice without any hormonal treatment and following the administration of
      either estrogen or estrogen plus relaxin (either purified porcine relaxin
      standard or partially purified human relaxin extracted from decidua). Changes in
      MEC lineage were observed at both the light and electron microscopic levels in
      the hormonally treated animals as compared with the untreated controls. After 7
      days of estrogen administration, there was a moderate elongation and branching of
      ducts. At the growing tips and buds undifferentiated precursors and
      promyoepithelial cells at various stages of their differentiation were seen with
      some frequency. After relaxin administration (18-20 hrs) to mice pre-treated with
      estrogen, branching and elongation of ducts were greatly increased as compared to
      mice treated with estrogen alone. At the growing points the ducts showed multi
      layered walls and undifferentiated precursors were quite frequently found with
      some mitotic figures. Moreover several promyoepithelial cells at various stages
      of differentiation were observed. These findings, which were similar after
      administration of the two different relaxin preparations, indicate a high rate of
      proliferation and differentiation of MEC in these experimental conditions and
      hence suggest that relaxin greatly enhances the de novo formation of MEC. A
      stimulatory effect of relaxin on MEC growth is discussed in terms of a possible
      role of this hormone in the genesis of benign and malignant neoplasms of the
      mammary gland, in which MEC proliferation can be recognized.

PMID- 4031389
TI  - Association of peroxidase enzyme defect and low thyroglobulin content in a case
      of endemic cretinism.
AB  - Neurological endemic cretinism is highly prevalent in severe endemic goiter
      areas. Often associated to euthyroid goiter, it is probably related to iodine
      deficiency. However the exact pathogenetic mechanism is yet unclear. We report
      the biochemical study of thyroid tissue obtained from a 26 year-old female cretin
      with a grade III multinodular goiter, neurological signs and euthyroidism. After
      surgery, thyroid tissue was analysed: iodoproteins where characterized by gel
      filtration, electrophoresis, sedimentation coefficient and antigenicity.
      Iodoalbumin was predominant while thyroglobulin was quantitatively reduced and
      poorly iodinated. In vitro, iodination with hog thyroid peroxidase was normal.
      There was no difference in peroxidase affinity for iodide in the oxidation
      reaction but a significantly reduced ability to iodinate in vitro thyroglobulin
      and free tyrosine. Oxidation of acetyltyrosilamide into bityrosine was also
      markedly reduced. These abnormal findings are known to occur in sporadic cases
      with or without hypothyroidism. The neurological defects could be linked to
      transient hypothyroidism during the critical period of nervous system maturation,
      however a role of iodine deficiency per se cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 4031390
TI  - Seasonal plasma profiles of testosterone and androstenedione in the Gentile di
      Puglia ram in southern Italy.
AB  - Seasonal plasma testosterone and androstenedione levels were determined by
      radioimmunoassay in the Gentile di Puglia ram. Androstenedione remains steady
      throughout the years, while testosterone shows seasonal changes. Testosterone is
      at high levels in winter, spring and summer and drops to a low concentration in
      autumn.

PMID- 4031391
TI  - Urinary 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (5-Ad) determination in healthy
      children and adults.
AB  - The authors suggest a method for the evaluation of the urinary 5 alpha-androstane
      3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (5 Ad) carried out by gas-liquid chromatography. 5-Ad is
      separated from its isomers, first by means of an adsorption chromatography on
      alumina and then by means of a high performance liquid chromatography on porous
      silica. The reliability criteria of the method have been studied according to the
      advice of the French Society of Clinical Biology. This method, applied to 175
      healthy individuals of both sexes, grouped according to age starting from three
      years, allowed to determine the usual values of urinary excretion of 5-Ad in
      relation to age.

PMID- 4031392
TI  - International Symposium on "The Aging Process". Neuroendocrine and sexual
      aspects. Cosenza, 1981.

PMID- 4031393
TI  - Sexuality in aging: a study of a group of 300 elderly men and women.

PMID- 4031394
TI  - Sexuological problems in nursing-homes: a methodology for investigation.

PMID- 4031395
TI  - Prolactin influences sexual behavior during aging.

PMID- 4031396
TI  - Disappearance of opioid control of LH secretion in short term ovariectomized
      women.

PMID- 4031397
TI  - Adrenal-testicular interrelationships in the aging male.

PMID- 4031398
TI  - Fertility in elderly men.

PMID- 4031399
TI  - Gonadal senescence in the male.

PMID- 4031400
TI  - The physical fitness of elderly Nepalese farmers residing in rugged mountain and
      flat terrain.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a natural experimental test of the hypothesis
      that elderly residents of rugged terrains are more physically fit than their
      counterparts in flat terrains due to the additional lifelong daily exertion
      occasioned by the inescapable need to walk up and down steep slopes. Cycle
      ergometer tests of physiological response to work were undertaken by two groups
      of high caste Hindu male farmers, aged 50 to 79, living in Central Nepal. One
      comprised an experimental group resident in rugged terrain and the other a
      control group resident in flat terrain. No differences in heart rate and blood
      pressure measured at submaximal workloads, at peak effort, or during recovery
      from exercise were demonstrated. Measurements of physical exertion revealed that
      few people in either terrain engaged in activity sufficiently strenuous to raise
      heart rates to a level where training could occur. Despite a rural agricultural
      lifestyle, these men were not especially physically fit.

PMID- 4031401
TI  - Diagnostic evaluation of 200 elderly outpatients with suspected dementia.
AB  - A standardized diagnostic evaluation was performed on 200 consecutive patients
      over age 60 with suspected dementia. Diagnoses were confirmed by consensus and
      subsequently by follow up. Over 70% had Alzheimer's type dementia; 31% had more
      than one illness contributing to the dementia state, with overlap between the two
      groups. The most common so-called "treatable" illnesses were drug toxicity,
      hypothyroidism, and other metabolic diseases; 248 other medical diseases were
      recognized in 124 patients. Improvement occurred in 55 patients (27.5%) and
      persisted in 28 (14%) for at least a year during follow up, but only 2 patients
      recovered normal mental function. Our results emphasize the importance of
      recognizing and treating the multiple illnesses that contribute to dementia in
      elderly adults. The distribution of illnesses in demented elderly outpatients is
      different from that reported in younger patients with dementia. Diagnostic
      strategies and expectations need to be based on data obtained from studies of
      elderly patients with suspected dementia.

PMID- 4031402
TI  - Relevance of personality traits to adjustment in group living situations.
AB  - The study replicates and extends recent work on personality determinants of
      adjustment. Personality traits and adjustment criteria were selected for
      relevance to one type of real-life setting (public housing for the elderly that
      includes a senior center). Personality traits were measured by observer ratings;
      criteria, by self-report of respondents and perceptions of them by other
      residents and staff. In concurrent and longitudinal analyses controlling effects
      of competence and social status, personality traits accounted for significant and
      meaningful variance in all criteria, and the salience of particular traits varied
      across criteria. The results are consistent with earlier studies regarding the
      importance of extraversion and neuroticism to subjective well-being and suggest
      that they are relevant also to adjustment as perceived by others. The additional
      traits of congeniality, culture, and nosiness/gossip were related to both inner
      and outer adjustment measures in the type of situations studied.

PMID- 4031403
TI  - A structural integration of the Affect Balance Scale and the Life Satisfaction
      Index A.
AB  - This study integrates two popular measures of subjective well-being: the Affect
      Balance Scale (ABS) and the Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA). Eight ABS items and
      seven LSIA items are hypothesized to measure four dimensions including
      congruence, happiness, positive affect, and negative affect. In addition, a
      second-order factor identified as subjective well-being is postulated to account
      for the correlations among these four dimensions. This model is examined
      empirically by using data from the Harris 1974 National Council on Aging survey,
      Myths and Realities of Aging in America. The proposed formulation is supported
      and consistently replicated across four randomly divided subsamples.

PMID- 4031404
TI  - Memory-skills training, memory complaints, and depression in older adults.
AB  - This study examined the effectiveness of a self-taught program of memory-skills
      training for older adults complaining of memory difficulties in an immediate
      treatment/waiting-list design. Analyses of covariance of measures of memory
      performance, memory evaluation (complaints), and a self-rating depression scale
      revealed a significant impact of training on memory performance but not on memory
      complaints or symptoms of depression. Subsequent evaluation of the waiting-list
      group, which was provided training after participation in the initial portion of
      the study, provided a partial replication of the design. The pattern of results
      was remarkably consistent with that obtained in the controlled evaluation of the
      training program. Finally, those complaining of memory problems were compared
      with a group of noncomplaining older adults. The two groups were comparable in
      memory performance and depression scores. Thus, memory complaints do not appear
      to reflect, systematically, memory problems or depression.

PMID- 4031405
TI  - Health practices and illness cognition in young, middle aged, and elderly adults.
AB  - The present paper examines reported frequencies of 21 health practices, beliefs
      that these health practices can prevent six different illnesses, and beliefs
      about those illnesses in a community sample of 396 people: 173 young (20 to 39
      years), 111 middle-aged (40 to 59 years), and 112 elderly adults (60 to 89
      years). Elderly respondents report higher frequencies of health-promoting actions
      (e.g., regular medical check-ups, avoidance of salt, regular sleep, and eating a
      balanced diet) than younger respondents. Health practices aimed at reinterpreting
      stress and controlling emotions (e.g., avoiding emotional stress, staying
      mentally alert and active) also increased with age. Belief that these 21
      practices prevent specific illnesses was consistent across the three age groups.
      Beliefs about the six illnesses were consistent across age with three exceptions:
      Elderly people considered themselves more vulnerable to disease, saw it as more
      serious for them, and were less likely to use chronic mild symptoms, like
      weakness and aches, as illness warnings.

PMID- 4031406
TI  - Speed of processing in normal aging: effects of speech rate, linguistic
      structure, and processing time.
AB  - Young and elderly adults heard three types of speech materials varying in both
      length and degree of semantic and syntactic constraints. Time compression was
      used to vary speech rates systematically to test a speed of processing hypothesis
      as one explanation of performance deficits associated with normal aging. In
      addition to segment length effects, the elderly participants showed significantly
      steeper rates of performance decline with increasing speech rate, with slope
      constants dependent on the structural constraints of the speech materials. The
      results are discussed in terms of processing rate hypotheses and context
      utilization.

PMID- 4031407
TI  - Aging and similarity grouping in visual search.
AB  - It has been argued that principles of perceptual organization play an important
      role in the representation of a visual stimulus and that elderly adults may be
      deficient in perceptual unit formation. The present study examined the extent to
      which the Gestalt principles of grouping by proximity and similarity predicted
      the formation of large perceptual units that could affect performance in a visual
      search task. The verbal reaction time to determine the presence or absence of a
      target letter in arrays of 1, 5, or 9 elements was determined for young (20
      years) and elderly (69 years) adults. Both age groups could take advantage of the
      organization implied by Gestalt principles in finding a target in the context of
      a small implied group. The elderly adults, however, were not able to organize a
      single perceptual unit composed of eight elements. Thus, although the visual
      search performance of the age groups was similar, the elderly adults did yield
      evidence of a perceptual organization deficit.

PMID- 4031408
TI  - Automatic and controlled semantic priming: accuracy, response bias, and aging.
AB  - Adult age differences in automatic and controlled semantic priming were
      investigated by varying the probability of valid primes in a lexical decision
      task. Tachistoscopic parafoveal stimulus presentation was used to assess age
      differences in accuracy and response bias as well as latency. Both age groups
      showed the expected findings of benefits without costs under automatic priming
      and benefits and costs under controlled priming. Errors for young adults were
      distributed equally among word and nonword stimuli, whereas older adults
      displayed a strong tendency to commit errors on nonword trials.

PMID- 4031409
TI  - Aging and delay effects on recognition of words and designs.
AB  - Based on a model of inter- and intraitem processes in recognition, this study
      examined age differences in word recognition (emphasizing interitem elaborative
      rehearsal) and in design recognition (emphasizing intraitem perceptual processes)
      over delays of 2, 20, and 200 min. Because repeated exposures should increase
      intraitem integration, targets were repeated from first to second test halves.
      Young and old adults showed equivalent accuracy in design recognition and
      equivalent increases from first to second test halves; the predicted lack of
      intraitem age differences was supported. Young adults, however, were more
      accurate than old adults in word recognition, supporting the prediction of age
      differences in interitem processing. The decline across delays was different for
      words and designs but was parallel for both age groups. Young and old adults also
      had equivalent decision criteria and decision speeds.

PMID- 4031410
TI  - Religion, age, life satisfaction, and perceived sources of religiousness: a study
      of older persons.
AB  - Eighty-five persons aged 65 to 88 years participated in this interview study of
      three issues. The present study supported previous findings of a tendency toward
      increased religiosity in older age. This was tempered, however, by the finding
      that, although highly religious older persons tended to report an increase in
      religiousness over the course of their lives, respondents who were low in
      religiosity tended to report a decrease. These two groups reported that before
      the age of 20 a relatively small difference in religiosity existed but by old age
      this difference had become substantial. Second, there was evidence of a low to
      moderate positive relationship between religiosity and life satisfaction.
      Finally, mothers were reported to have had the strongest proreligious influence,
      although both parents were generally perceived to be important influences in
      religious development.

PMID- 4031411
TI  - Adolescents' relationships with grandparents: an empirical contribution to
      conceptual clarification.
AB  - Findings from research in which a sample of 132 late adolescents completed
      questionnaires about their relationships with each of their living grandparents
      are reported. The grandchildren were most likely to describe their relationships
      with their maternal grandmothers as close and least likely to describe their
      bonds with the paternal grandparents in this way. Grandchildren's current
      evaluations of relationships with their grandparents were affected by access to
      the particular grandparent in childhood and their perceptions of each of their
      parents' relationships with the specific grandparent. The findings demonstrate
      empirically the importance for future research of conceptualizing the grandparent
      grandchild tie as both particularistic and mediated through a biological and an
      in-law-child.

PMID- 4031412
TI  - Assessing interviewer effects in a longitudinal study of bereaved elderly adults.
AB  - In a 2-year study, bereaved elders who were personally interviewed were compared
      with those who completed a mailed questionnaire on measures of depression, life
      satisfaction, and five global measures constructed from a series of bereavement
      related feelings and behaviors. Data were gathered at six separate measurement
      periods. Multiple analyses of variance with repeated measures revealed no effect
      due to group assignment. Although significant changes over time were observed on
      most measures, these changes were statistically independent of whether the
      respondents were interviewed or not. The presence of interviewers was, however,
      associated with higher and more consistent completion rates at each measurement
      period.

PMID- 4031413
TI  - Survey of sampling techniques in widowhood research, 1973-1983.
AB  - This study focused on the use and reporting of sampling procedures found in
      research on widowhood. The population of all empirical studies on widowhood
      listed in the Psychological Abstracts and the Sociological Abstracts from 1973
      through 1983 was examined with regard to the nature of the sampling procedures
      used. The results suggest a less-than-desirable state of affairs in such
      research. Thirty-three percent of the studies did not even contain information on
      the sampling procedures used. Most investigators who did specify the sampling
      procedure did not acknowledge awareness of the limitations of generalizations of
      the results in concordance with the sampling procedures used. Such lack of
      attention to matters of scientific methodology does not bode well for the
      advancement of knowledge in this area.

PMID- 4031414
TI  - The Birren hypothesis of generalized slowing of the central nervous system with
      age.

PMID- 4031415
TI  - [Reproduction and immune factors in women. Pregnancy, habitual abortion and HLA
      histocompatibility].
AB  - Immune tolerance of the mother towards the fetus, which is like an allograft, may
      be explained partially by the presence of immunosupressor factors produced by the
      placenta. The maternal production of antibodies against trophoblastic antigens
      would seem equally necessary to prevent the fetus being rejected by cytotoxic
      maternal lymphocytes. Where there is marked histocompatibility between partners
      the protecting antibodies are absent and that gives rise to repeated abortions.
      This hypothesis is discussed as well as the rationale of treatments that are
      aimed at increasing maternal production of protective antibodies in cases of
      habitual abortion.

PMID- 4031416
TI  - [Amniotic fibronectin in normal pregnancy and pregnancy with fetal anencephaly].
AB  - Fibronectin, which is an important protein in plasma and in surface cells was
      calculated in amniotic fluid using a laser ray nephelemetric technique. In normal
      pregnancies (in 72 samples studied) this protein which rises towards the 18th
      week of amenorrhoea (mean +/- S.D.: 60.8 +/- 16.0 mg/l), decreases steadily to
      term (mean 14.8 +/- 8.9 mg/l). In fetal anencephaly (10 samples tested) high
      levels were also found but the difference as compared with normal levels was not
      significant. This measurement does not therefore constitute an extra way of
      screening for closure of the neural tube.

PMID- 4031417
TI  - [Fetal cardiac biometry. Evaluation of the growth of the right and left
      ventricles using bidimensional echocardiography in normal pregnancies].
AB  - Two-dimensional echography makes it possible to study the fetal heart in a
      routine obstetrical setting. It is easy to see the four cavities of the heart
      from the long axis. The speed of growth of the internal diameters of the right
      and left ventricles have been studied at different stages of normal pregnancy. In
      this way it has been possible to show the morphometric equilibrium between the
      right and the left side at different stages of the pregnancy by cardiac
      ventricular biometry. These measurement are the first step in screening for intra
      uterine cardiac abnormalities.

PMID- 4031418
TI  - [Asymmetric uterine malformations with menstrual retention. Apropos of a
      malformation associating atresia of the cervical isthmus and a pseudo-unicornous
      uterus].
AB  - There is now more or less general agreement how to classify and how to work out
      the development of symmetrical malformations of the female genital tract. On the
      other hand, asymmetrical malformations, as well as abnormalities of the
      development of the cervix and the isthmus are only rarely written about in the
      literature. It has not yet been possible to draw up a system to display the
      physiopathology and the embryology of these malformations. We here report a rare
      case of atresia of the cervix and isthmus as well as a pseudo unicornous uterus.
      This case should take its place as a piece in the embryological puzzle helping to
      fill in the details which might one day solve this puzzle.

PMID- 4031419
TI  - [Puerperal urinary tract infections: role of epidural analgesia, a scheme for
      prevention].
AB  - Epidural analgesia often leads to an increase in the number of catheterisations
      because of the modifications that result in the physiology of the urinary tract.
      These catheterisations lead to lower urinary tract infections. Our study on 312
      patients shows that: under epidural analgesia it is necessary to carry out
      catheterisation 3.6 times more frequently; urinary tract infections are 2.6 times
      more frequent under epidural analgesia; the incidence of urinary tract infection
      multiplies in accordance with the number of catheterisations whether there has
      been epidural analgesia or not; a single prophylactic dose of 3 g of amoxycillin
      can avoid three-quarters of these infections.

PMID- 4031420
TI  - [Characteristics of pregnancies obtained by in vitro fertilization].
AB  - 193 patients had 212 cycles induced for in vitro fertilisation between May 1983
      and May 1984. 20 pregnancies of which 10 are still in progress were obtained with
      6 spontaneous abortions. There were 2 so-called biochemical pregnancies and 3
      extra-uterine pregnancies. The figure of 17% pregnancies where embryos were
      replaced totals less than 10% if one considers those pregnancies that really
      carry on. The number of extra-uterine pregnancies is disturbing. Finally, 2
      multiple pregnancies continued, one of them being a quadruple pregnancy. The
      authors have made a special study to see the parameters of the conditions under
      which the pregnancies were obtained and the prognosis for such pregnancies.

PMID- 4031421
TI  - [Maternal death of obstetrical origin. Medicolegal aspects].
AB  - The authors have become interested in maternal mortality. This study has been
      carried out solely to look at the medico-legal aspect. Increasingly good health
      is seen as a right and the doctor the dispenser of this service. The rights of
      the mother (and of the infant) become of increasing importance. The improvement
      in obstetrical techniques, which are much better known to the public, have made
      families far more confident of the results of delivery. This is now seen as
      something without any danger. But delivering a baby still has lots of risks.
      Because of this, if an accident happens the obstetrician more than any other
      doctor perhaps can find himself in the courts. To avoid this he has to know very
      well the causes of maternal mortality in order to avoid them as far as possible.
      Furthermore, he must not undertake stupid emergency measures often initiated as
      measures of desperation caused by his emotional involvement for a patient who is
      approaching death. Finally, the expert should look for all the causes of death so
      that he does no wrongly blame the doctor for a maternal death.

PMID- 4031422
TI  - [Epilepsy and teratogenesis].

PMID- 4031424
TI  - [Etiologic factors of fetal hypotrophy. Apropos of 600 cases].
AB  - The authors have studied 600 cases histories of fetal growth retardation over a
      period of 11 years from 1970 to 1981. The incidence of growth retardation was 600
      cases in 24,906 deliveries from October 1970 to the end of 1981. This gives an
      incidence of 2.41%. This figure tends to get less progressively, going from 2.5%
      at the beginning of our study to a little more than 2% in the last years. 1,498
      babies were born weighing less than 2,500 g: 600 of them were really true intra
      uterine growth retardations (40%) and 898 were babies born prematurely with
      normal weight for their gestational age. 227 of the 600 small for date babies
      were born before the 38th week of pregnancy (37.8%). Girls represented 55% of the
      cases of growth retardation. There was no significant difference in the
      distribution of age groups of the mothers of small for date babies and the
      control population. 57% of the women were primiparas whereas only 38% were
      primiparas in the control population. There is a close relationship between
      primiparity and young maternal age. 80% of mothers who were under 25 years of age
      were primiparas. The height of the mother, less than 1,50 m, in our study was
      significantly less than in the control population (11.9% as against 2.5%). 24% of
      the mothers weighed less than 45 kg as compared with 7.1% in the general
      population. The weight gain was not significantly different from that in the
      control population, if it is not taken in account of mothers who had toxaemia of
      pregnancy. 158 cases out of the 600, which represents 26% of the mothers, had
      toxaemia of pregnancy and this confirms how important this aetiological factor is
      in intra-uterine growth retardation. 113 placentas (18.8%) were studied. They
      showed histological abnormalities such as infarcts (47 cases) and ischaemic
      necrosis (18 cases). These features are often associated with toxaemia of
      pregnancy and/or heavy maternal smoking in 58% of cases. There were abnormalities
      of the umbilical cords. These were variable so that one could not say that any
      one was an important cause of intra-uterine growth retardation. A single
      umbilical artery was found in 8 cases (1.33%). We only speak of recurrent fetal
      growth retardation, excluding cases of toxaemia, when three or more small for
      date babies have been born without any particular aetiological reason.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4031423
TI  - [The role of gestational factors in the formation of irreversible neurologic
      handicaps].
AB  - A review of the literature shows that intensive neonatal care has reduced the
      incidence of neurological handicaps in children. Babies born before term and
      small for date are, however, more exposed to these handicaps. The pregnancy and
      socio-economical factors which are now known to play a role in the occurrence of
      prematurity and small-for-date babies bring about acute fetal distress which
      results in a demand for more intensive care. However, long-term neurological
      defects also result from these factors. Prospective studies can be used to assign
      a predictive score for these predisposing factors. The Maternity Hospital in
      Liege University has been using a score of these factors for more than 10 years
      to set up "a risk of premature birth coefficient." This could help towards a more
      scientific prognosis of the neurological state of the infant.

PMID- 4031425
TI  - [Cytogenic chorionic nodule of the uterus].
AB  - The authors report five observations of endometrial stromal nodules. These
      nodules are composed of cells identical to those of the endometrial stroma. They
      constitute the benign form of endometrial stromal tumors. From the macroscopic
      point of view, they present as nodular formations, most often single, well
      defined, non-fasciculated, whitish or yellowish sometimes cystisized. From the
      microscopic point of view, these nodules contain areas of plexiform or glandular
      arrangement with, occasionally, pseudo-rosettes. Small collagenous zones can
      often be observed. E.S.N. should be distinguished on the one hand from
      endolymphatic stromal myosis, and on the other hand from sarcoma of the
      endometrial stroma. Histogenesis of the lesion is also discussed.

PMID- 4031426
TI  - [Epiphyseal points of the fetal knee. The impact of growth disorders on bone
      maturation].
AB  - The radiological appearance of bone maturity can be used as a criterion for fetal
      maturity. This examination with limited irradiation to the fetus is an
      alternative to amniocentesis. The practice of the latter is not without risk. The
      authors carried out 194 examinations of the contents of the uterus to look at the
      epiphyses of the knee between the 34th and 40th week of amenorrhoea. The found
      three groups: 1) those with normal development; 2) those with delayed development
      and 3) those with more advanced development. They did not find significant
      correlation between small-for-dates growth and bony maturity. On the other hand,
      where there was increased growth of the fetus in cases where maternal diabetes
      was excluded there was demonstrated that bony maturity accelerated with the
      presence of Beclard's point from the 34th week onwards. With such great variation
      in the dates of the appearance of points of ossification the presence of
      epiphyseal points in the knee cannot be taken as a criterion to establish fetal
      maturity nor the minimum duration of the pregnancy.

PMID- 4031427
TI  - [Fibromyolipoma of the uterus. Apropos of a case with a review of the medical
      literature].
AB  - A case of uterine fibromyolipoma in a 75 year old woman suffering from an uterine
      prolapse is reported. The clinical course, the macroscopic and microscopic
      characteristics are presented and compared with those in the medical literature.
      The possible histogenesis is discussed. Our case seems to results from
      metamorphosis of uterine smooth muscle cells in a leiomyoma.

PMID- 4031429
TI  - [Non-surgically corrected congenital cardiac malformations in pregnant women].
AB  - The authors have studied 787 women with cardiac disease out of 78,594 pregnant
      women between 1971 and 1980. They found 133 women who had congenital heart
      disease who were delivered in their service, and they compared these with 260
      pregnant women who were normal. They used the classification of the Cardiological
      Society of New York to grade the functional state of the patients. Five
      pregnancies had to be terminated before the 16th week because of a worsening of
      the cardiovascular state of the patient. The majority (79%) of the patients
      delivered vaginally and 21% had caesarean operations. 20.5% babies were born
      prematurely (p less than 0.005). 13.4% of the infants weighed less than 2,000 g
      at birth. Perinatal mortality was 62.9 per 1,000. Maternal mortality was 23.6 per
      1,000. The authors conclude that these pregnancies are high-risk pregnancies
      where the prognosis is only favourable if the heart disease is moderate. This
      becomes worse when there is cardiac decompensation or cyanosis due to heart
      disease.

PMID- 4031430
TI  - [Evaluation of the clinical and biologic means of assessing fetal prognosis in
      pregnancy toxemias. Apropos of 223 cases].
AB  - Two hundred and twenty-three cases notes of patients with toxaemia of pregnancy
      were analysed in order to try to establish the ability to predict through
      clinical and biological assessments of the mother the prognosis for the fetus.
      Statistical analysis methods were chosen to work out the classification of the
      parameters and to lead to an index of severity that could be established by a
      multifactorial discriminating analysis. This study confirms that there is an
      inversion in the circadian rhythm of arterial blood pressure, with an increase in
      the evening and at night. It shows how bad prognostically blood pressure
      instability is. On the other hand oedema of the legs is of no significance.
      Contrary to the view that has been held for a long time, an increase in weight is
      directly proportional to fetal parameters. As far as parameters are concerned as
      a whole (both clinical and biological) a rise in blood urea is more
      discriminating at every stage of the illness and precedes an increase in the
      platelet count, the changes in creatinine clearance and night blood pressure.
      Maternal changes are better correlated with fetal variability before the 35th
      week of the pregnancy whereas after that date the prognostic value of these
      readings is of little importance.

PMID- 4031428
TI  - [Necrotizing fasciitis following abdominal hysterectomy].
AB  - Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare disease with a high mortality and morbidity rate.
      The authors report the case of a 52 year old woman with necrotizing fasciitis
      following abdominal hysterectomy. The early diagnosis and the radical surgery
      saved her life from this serious type of infection. By describing this case, the
      authors wish to emphasize their opinion that early diagnosis is essential to
      survival and the most important aspect of management is early aggressive surgical
      intervention.

PMID- 4031431
TI  - [O'Gilvie's syndrome in obstetrics. Review of the literature, apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report one case of idiopathic dilatation of the colon (O'Gilvie's
      syndrome) which was complicated by perforation of the caecum following a
      caesarean operation. They study the cases associated with pregnancy from 1913 to
      1984. They discuss pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. They insist on the
      usefulness of colonoscopy.

PMID- 4031432
TI  - [Post-coital contraception using a combination of d-norgestrel and
      ethinyloestradiol].
AB  - This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of d-Norgestrel associated with
      Ethinylestradiol (Neogynon 21) as postcoital contraception and to report on the
      clinical experience obtained with this type of contraception. 323 women were
      treated during 72 h. period following unprotected intercourse. All subjects
      received 0,2 mg Ethinylestradiol and 1 mg d-Norgestrel (Levonorgestrel) in 2
      equally divided doses 12 hours apart. - 1 mg Levonorgestrel was observed to be as
      effective as 2 mg of the racemic Norgestrel. PCC given during the first part of
      the cycle, shortened the latter in 80% of relevant cases. Nausea occurred in
      30.3% of all patients; among these 14.2% also mentioned vomiting. Three
      pregnancies occurred of which only one could be attributed to method failure. The
      corrected failure rate is thus estimated at 0.3%.

PMID- 4031433
TI  - Nurses' perceptions of mental confusion in the elderly: influence of resident and
      setting characteristics.

PMID- 4031434
TI  - Medicine use among the rural elderly.

PMID- 4031435
TI  - Coping with a community stressor: the threat of a hazardous waste facility.

PMID- 4031436
TI  - Information giving in medical care.

PMID- 4031437
TI  - Integrated management of urban mosquito vectors of human diseases.

PMID- 4031438
TI  - Study on the pathogenecity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis H-14 strain
      against silkworm, Bombyx mori under laboratory conditions.

PMID- 4031440
TI  - A preliminary report on some entomological observations in malaria endemic areas
      of Kamrup district, Assam.

PMID- 4031439
TI  - Fleas from erstwhile plague endemic areas of south India and their susceptibility
      to organochlorine insecticides.

PMID- 4031441
TI  - Experience in using diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in the control of lymphatic
      filariasis in India.

PMID- 4031442
TI  - Immunoprophylaxis against kala-azar: effect of immunization with different doses
      of EH, and HS strains of L. donovani on challenge with the homologous HS and
      mouse adopted MS strains.

PMID- 4031443
TI  - Laboratory studies on cowpox virus.

PMID- 4031444
TI  - A clinico-mycological study of dermatomycoses in Delhi.

PMID- 4031445
TI  - Sensitivity of antibrucella antibody to 2-mercaptoethanol and heat.

PMID- 4031446
TI  - Evaluation of pirimiphos methyl WDP for control of malaria in Tirap district of
      Arunachal Pradesh. A preliminary report.

PMID- 4031448
TI  - Status of lymphatic filariasis transmission in Srinagar and Baramulla towns-
      Jammu and Kashmir state.

PMID- 4031447
TI  - Human diploid cell strain vaccine for post-exposure rabies treatment.

PMID- 4031449
TI  - Characterization of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase of Ascaridia galli.
AB  - Oxidative deamination of various biogenic monoamines by Ascaridia galli monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) was blocked by different mammalian MAO inhibitors, namely,
      iproniazid, trans-PcP, nialamide and pargyline and the blockade was observed to
      be time as well as concentration dependent. The binding of inhibitors with chick
      ascarid MAO was of the irreversible type and the nature of the inhibition was
      competitive. Pargyline showed lowest I50 (8 microM) and Ki (12 microM) values.
      Chlorgyline and deprenyl at 100 microM concentration inhibited MAO by about 60
      and 40% respectively, indicating the presence of both type A and type B MAO in A.
      galli.

PMID- 4031450
TI  - Reaginic and homocytotropic IgG antibodies in Schistosoma mansoni infected
      Mastomys natalensis: time courses in untreated infections and after
      chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic treatment.
AB  - Mastomys natalensis were infected percutaneously with 250 cercariae of
      Schistosoma mansoni and treated effectively with 5 X 50 mg amoscanate/kg body
      weight 12-16 (I), 28-32 (II), 56-60 (III) and 101-105 days p.i. (IV)
      respectively. Levels of reaginic antibodies (RAb) and homocytotropic IgG
      antibodies (GAb) were assessed by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests (PCA) and
      compared with those in infected, untreated animals. In untreated animals RAb were
      first detected in the 6th week p.i. Maximum titres around 1:80 were reached after
      100 days. High levels persisted until the end of the experiment 185 days p.i. RAb
      did not develop after treatment I. After treatment II only low PCA titres
      occurred. After treatment III the time course was similar to the controls but
      levels were reduced. Treatment IV did not interfere with the occurrence of
      specific RAb. In the case of GAb, independent of any treatment, after a first
      peak of PCA titres in the 5th week either a negative pattern or only very low
      titres were found in week 7. In untreated infected Mastomys GAb levels increased
      thereafter to maximum titres of about 1:80 at day 70. Later than 100 days p.i.
      relatively constant titres were observed. The second rise of antibody levels did
      not occur after early treatment. After treatment II only low transient titres
      developed. Animals treated in the early patency (III) showed reduced PCA titres
      and were negative at the end of the observation period. Treatment given 101 to
      105 days p.i. rather enhanced the development of GAb.

PMID- 4031452
TI  - Growth and form of the fourth-stage larvae and early adults of Ascaris suum
      Goeze, 1782 (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) developing in pigs.
AB  - The fourth-stage larvae and adults of Ascaris suum were studied as they developed
      in the pig intestine from 11 to 22 days after infection. This is a period of
      rapid growth, in which both sexes increase approximately ten-fold in body length.
      Further examination of females showed the length increase to be positively
      allometric with respect to body diameter. The genital primordium in early fourth
      stage is at the same relative position along the length of the body as it is in
      the newly hatched larva. During development from fourth stage to adulthood the
      greater growth of the posterior part of the worm causes the relative position of
      the developing vulva to shift anteriad.

PMID- 4031451
TI  - The distribution of the infective larvae of sheep gastro-intestinal nematodes in
      soil and on herbage and the vertical migration of Trichostrongylus vitrinus
      larvae through the soil.
AB  - From May 1982 until September 1983 samples of soil and herbage were collected
      from a paddock grazed from May to October 1982, and for two short periods between
      May and July 1983, by sheep infected with gastro-intestinal nematodes. Few
      infective larvae were recovered from the soil although appreciable numbers of
      larvae were recovered from the herbage. Infective larvae of Trichostrongylus
      vitrinus in faeces buried in the soil of grass plots, at a depth of 10 cm, each
      month from April 1982 until March 1983, migrated on to the herbage at all times
      of the year, few remaining in the soil. The significance of the soil as a
      reservoir of infective larvae is discussed.

PMID- 4031453
TI  - Ancylostoma ceylanicum (Looss, 1911) in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus):
      pathogenicity and humoral immune response to a primary infection.
AB  - The response of hamsters to Ancylostoma ceylanicum was studied between days 13
      and 200 after infection. The infected hamsters showed signs of anaemia,
      particularly between the 13th and 60th days. A significant loss in body-weight in
      the infected animals was also observed during this period. Serological studies
      with agar gel-diffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and indirect
      haemagglutination tests revealed positive reactions between the 20th and 60th
      days followed by a negative response in the latent period between the 60th and
      200th days of infection, counterimmunoelectrophoresis test remained positive for
      a period of 150 days in this experimental model.

PMID- 4031454
TI  - Biosynthetic labelling of the excretory and secretory antigens of Toxocara canis
      larvae.
AB  - Toxocara canis larvae were cultured in vitro in medium containing [35S
      ]methionine for six days. The medium and the larval tissues were analysed for
      biosynthetically labelled polypeptides by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Immunoprecipitates with positive and
      negative human antiserum were similarly analysed, using Staphylococcus aureus to
      absorb immunocomplexes. The larvae secrete biosynthetically labelled polypeptides
      into the medium, with three major polypeptides of molecular weights between 99
      and 110 X 10(3) the major constituents. Both of these react strongly with human
      IgG in human positive sera. Many polypeptides become labelled in the larval
      tissue, but only one polypeptide with similar molecular weight to the ES
      antigens, strongly reacted with human IgG.

PMID- 4031455
TI  - Bulinus tropicus, a natural intermediate host for Schistosoma margrebowiei in
      Lochinvar National Park, Zambia.
AB  - Snails, provisionally identified as Bulinus tropicus, on the basis of chromosome
      number, egg protein profile, AcP and HBDH enzymes of the digestive gland, and
      radular morphology, from Lochinvar National Park, Zambia have been demonstrated
      to transmit Schistosoma margrebowiei naturally. The identification of the
      unpaired male schistosomes was confirmed by PGM and AcP analyses. The
      observations confirm earlier epidemiological predictions, and add another species
      of mollusc to the two, B. forskalii and B. scalaris, known to be natural
      intermediate hosts of S. margrebowiei.

PMID- 4031456
TI  - Regulation of toxocariasis in mice selectively reared for high and low immune
      responses to Nematospiroides dubius.
AB  - Test mice have been selectively reared for high (H) or low (L) immune responses
      to Nematospiroides dubius. After secondary infection with N. dubius, the L mice
      voided ten times as many eggs in their faeces as the H mice, and at necropsy, 71%
      versus 20% of the inoculum of N. dubius were recovered as adult worms from the L
      and H mice respectively. Furthermore, N. dubius were more fecund in the L than in
      H mice. High or low immune responsiveness was not restricted to N. dubius
      infection in these mice but was also observed during Toxocara canis infection.
      The migration of T. canis larvae from gut via the liver to skeletal muscle and
      CNS was inhibited in H versus L mice. Many more larvae were recovered from the
      livers of H compared with L mice which was indicative of greater immunity in the
      H mice. The protective immune response in H compared with L mice to both N.
      dubius and T. canis included pronounced eosinophilia and elevated antiparasite
      antibody titres.

PMID- 4031457
TI  - Observations on the gross changes in the secondary lymphoid organs of mice
      infected with Nematospiroides dubius.
AB  - Gross changes in the size of the secondary lymphoid organs were studied during
      infection with the nematode parasite Nematospiroides dubius. In the strong
      responder NIH strain, the wet weight of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)
      increased rapidly following infection with 400 larvae to peak on day 28 at
      approximately three times the resting weight. Enlargement of the spleens was also
      marked but regression to normal size took place when the MLN had achieved maximum
      size. In contrast in C57BL/10 mice, a slow responder strain, the enlargement of
      the MLN following infection was relatively slow, and there was no evidence of the
      regression of the spleen, once maximum enlargement had been achieved. When adult
      worms were removed by anthelmintic, the enlarged MLN and spleens returned rapidly
      to normal size. However, in mice infected with irradiated larvae (25 krad) the
      MLN stayed enlarged, despite the absence of adult worms but the spleens of these
      mice returned to normal size fairly rapidly. It was suggested that irradiated
      worms survive, perhaps as arrested larvae in the intestinal tissue, for a fairly
      long time, thereby providing a continual stimulus for the MLN.

PMID- 4031458
TI  - Attempts to manipulate specific responses to induce resistance to Schistosoma
      mansoni in Kenyan baboons (Papio anubis).
AB  - Attempts were made to manipulate specific responses of baboons to protect them
      from infection with Schistosoma mansoni. In Experiment 1, eosinophilia was
      induced in naive baboons with Trichinella spiralis larvae given intravenously
      before intraperitoneal injection of globulin fractions from S. mansoni-infected
      baboon sera and subsequent percutaneous exposure to S. mansoni cercariae. In
      Experiment 2, baboons with 8- or 32-week-old primary S. mansoni infections
      received T. spiralis i.v. before an S. mansoni challenge. In experiments 3 to 5
      respectively, naive baboons received intramuscularly before challenge: formalin
      fixed S. mansoni schistosomula, with Bordetella pertussis as an adjuvant; a
      preparation of S. mansoni adult worm teguments; and a preparation of IgE-immune
      complexes obtained from S. mansoni-infected rat sera, with Freunds Complete
      Adjuvant. Minor, but statistically insignificant, protection was obtained in
      Experiments 2 (32-week infections) and 3, but was far less than that given by
      intact, irradiated living vaccines. There are signs on the horizon of non-living
      vaccines protecting rodents against S. mansoni infection and it would be prudent,
      as with drugs, to test these in primates before proceeding to man. The results of
      our experiments, though essentially negative, should help the design of any
      future vaccine trials in primates.

PMID- 4031459
TI  - Differentiation of Onchocerca gutturosa and O. lienalis microfilariae by analysis
      of their GPI isoenzymes.

PMID- 4031460
TI  - Linkage of loci affecting a murine liver protein and arylsulfatase B to
      chromosome 13.
AB  - As-1 is the putative structural locus for murine arylsulfatase B, and Lth-1
      determines the presence or absence of a 35 000 dalton acidic liver protein. As-1
      and Lth-1 were found to be closely linked using recombinant inbred (RI) strains.
      Both loci were found to have been cotransferred with the pearl (pe) coat color
      mutation (chromosome 13) in the B6.C3H pe/pe congenic strain. The linkage
      relationships between pe, Lth-1, and As-1 were further defined in a backcross. On
      the basis of the RI data, the congenic strain result, and the backcross data, the
      following genetic distances were estimated: pe--As-1, 7.1 +/- 4.0 cM; As-1--Lth
      1, 2.5 +/- 1.0 cM; and pe--Lth-1, less than 6.9 cM. As-1 and Lth-1 are the first
      biochemically defined loci to be added to the chromosome 13 linkage map.

PMID- 4031461
TI  - Genetic analysis of crossfostering data with sire and dam records.
AB  - A method is presented for the analysis of data from crossfostering experiments in
      which parts of litters are reciprocally interchanged at birth. Observed variances
      and covariances of differently related individuals are expressed as functions of
      theoretical causal components of phenotypic variance (additive direct, dominance
      direct, additive maternal, dominance maternal, direct-maternal covariance, and
      environmental). Causal components are estimated by weighted least squares
      analysis of this system of equations, including a ridge-regression procedure to
      examine consequences of correlation between observed components. Ridge regression
      suggests that dominance direct genetic variance is generally underestimated, but
      that narrow-sense heritability estimates are reliable.

PMID- 4031463
TI  - Congenital quiver, an inherited neurological defect in the chicken.
AB  - A new neurological defect in the chicken, congenital quiver (CQ), is
      characterized by a continuous tremor. At hatching, affected chicks show a rapid
      tremor, while adult expression varies from a slight quiver to pronounced shaking.
      Genetic analysis showed the defect to be inherited as an autosomal recessive gene
      (cq) with complete penetrance. Livability of CQ birds is equivalent to that of
      their normal sibs. Affected females lay eggs and produce chicks; however, males
      are essentially sterile. Histologically, their testes show considerable cellular
      disorganization and a marked reduction in spermatogenic elements. Semen quality
      evaluations showed CQ males to be significantly inferior in respect to semen
      volume, sperm concentration, initial motility, and percent normal sperm.
      Histological examination of CQ brains revealed a number of pathological changes,
      including extensive degeneration of fiber tracts and neurons across the
      neuroaxis. There also is a diffuse loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar
      cortex with the remaining cell somas becoming extremely eosinophilic. In
      addition, many of the blood vessels throughout the white matter showed
      perivascular cuffing.

PMID- 4031462
TI  - Chromosomal and behavioral studies of Mexican Drosophila. III. Inversion
      polymorphism of D. pseudoobscura.
AB  - Four new gene arrangements of chromosome 3 of Drosophila pseudoobscura are
      reported, as well as an updated phylogenetic sequence of the inversion
      polymorphism in this species. Evidence that the Tree Line gene arrangement of
      chromosome 3 was the original form in D. pseudoobscura, and that Central Mexico
      is the center of distribution of this species is discussed.

PMID- 4031464
TI  - An inherited agent of mutation with chromosome damage in wild mice.
AB  - A population of wild mice in Peru was sampled three times over a period of 20
      years. Inbreeding from each sample has shown the population to carry an unusually
      high frequency of visible mutants and nestling lethals. Preliminary evidence of
      chromosomal damage suggests an inherited tendency to some form of genetic
      instability.

PMID- 4031465
TI  - Leukocyte cell populations in hereditary muscular dystrophic chickens.
AB  - Adult hereditary muscular dystrophic (MD) chickens were compared with normal
      chickens for properties of the reticuloendothelial and lymphoid systems. Storrs
      strain MD chickens exhibited elevated levels of blood heterophils with reduced
      lymphocytes compared with normal Hyline SC strain chickens. Of the lymphocytes,
      MD chickens possessed a greater incidence of E-rosette forming cells than were
      present in SC adults. Similarly, MD spleens possessed more adherent cells with a
      greater incidence of heterophils than were found in SC chickens. This difference
      also extended to the peritoneal cavity. Recruitment of peritoneal exudate cells
      into the cavity with Sephadex stimulation led to a greater incidence of
      heterophils at the expense of macrophages in MD compared with SC chickens. These
      findings are discussed in light of the recent detection of a specialized adherent
      suppressor cell population in MD chickens, and with reference to the muscle
      disease.

PMID- 4031466
TI  - Argentophilic structures of spermatogenesis in the yellow fever mosquito.
AB  - Application of the silver-staining technique to air-dried chromosome preparations
      of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, revealed the following: 1) intensely
      stained pericentromeric regions in all chromosomes including the Y chromosome in
      spermatogonia, and during the primary and secondary spermatocytes; 2) the
      presence of prepachytene that were not reported earlier; 3) a nucleolus
      organizing region that persisted up to the late pachytene stage; and 4) rod or
      ring-like centrioles in pachytene and diplotene stages. In addition, varying
      numbers (1-4) of silver-stained, ring-like structures were observed during
      spermiogenesis. The exact nature and function of these ring-like structures is
      not understood.

PMID- 4031467
TI  - Inheritance of tweed, a modification of merle, in Australian shepherd dogs.
AB  - An autosomal mutation is responsible for the modification of merle coat color
      (previously indicated to be due to a transposable DNA element) to the tweed merle
      pattern in the Australian shepherd dog. The tweed merle pattern consists of color
      patches that have a greater range in the intensity of the dilute patches and tend
      to be larger than the patches of nontweed merle. It has no action on nonmerle
      dogs. The symbol Tw is proposed for this gene.

PMID- 4031468
TI  - Chi-square and Mendel's experiments: where's the bias?
AB  - Mendel has been accused of "cooking" his data to meet a particular hypothesis.
      The earliest time he could have formulated an hypothesis in the course of his
      experiments was at the end of the second year of experiments 1 and 2. If he knew
      what to expect as the result of his first two pea-seed experiments, one might
      expect the chi-square values of subsequent experiments to exhibit a trend toward
      smaller values. However, when the individual experiments are, each in turn,
      subjected to a chi-square test, there is no evidence of the expected trend. With
      few exceptions, the data show no systematic variation in a particular direction.
      In our view, the suggestion of bias is not supported.

PMID- 4031469
TI  - Significance of a diploid number of 20 in the peccary Catagonus wagneri.

PMID- 4031470
TI  - Lysosomal mutations inhibit lipofuscinosis of the spleen in C57BL mice.
AB  - Beige, bg, and reduced pigmentation, rp, are recessive mutations affecting
      lysosomal function. Homozygosity for beige prevented lipofuscinosis of the spleen
      in C57BL mice and its incidence was greatly reduced by homozygosity for rp.
      Dilute (d) homozygotes, with normal lysosomes, were susceptible to lipofuscinosis
      even though their melanosomes were more severely affected than those of beige
      mice.

PMID- 4031471
TI  - Prolonged apnea in infancy: evaluation and management.

PMID- 4031472
TI  - Pediatric near-drowning.

PMID- 4031473
TI  - Giardiasis: a community problem.

PMID- 4031474
TI  - Alcoholism. A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

PMID- 4031476
TI  - Popliteal artery aneurysm: case report.

PMID- 4031475
TI  - Limb salvage surgery for severe leg ischemia.

PMID- 4031477
TI  - Scoring for senior citizens. The Sandock system: safe, sane and supremely
      satisfying.

PMID- 4031478
TI  - Alcoholism research: recent developments.

PMID- 4031479
TI  - Acute renal failure: contemporary management.

PMID- 4031480
TI  - Blunt chest trauma. An assessment of chest X-ray findings in the diagnosis and
      exclusion of aortic rupture.

PMID- 4031481
TI  - Skin diseases: current concepts, therapy. 3. Inflammation.

PMID- 4031482
TI  - Alternative delivery systems: an update on HMOs. A message from the Executive
      Director.

PMID- 4031483
TI  - Medical malpractice--1985. Reflections of a health care provider.

PMID- 4031484
TI  - Karyometric changes in the development of the medial and lateral preoptic area of
      the mouse after gonadectomy.
AB  - A karyometric study of the medial and the lateral preoptic area of the male
      albino mouse has been carried out with the aid of a Leitz Image Analysis System
      (ASM). We have measured nuclear sizes of a control group of sixty mice, aged from
      the 5th to the 190th day of life. Another group of prepuberally castrated male
      mice, has been studied at the 25th, 35th, 45th, 55th and 85th postnatal day. The
      medial and the lateral preoptic area show different development patterns in the
      control group, and differential effects of castration in these zones were
      observed. The medial preoptic area, which has frequently been related to changes
      of sex hormone levels, experiments more important and statistically significant
      variations than the lateral preoptic area.

PMID- 4031485
TI  - The fine structure of the subthalamic nucleus in the cat. I. Neuronal perikarya.
AB  - The fine structure of the neurons in the subthalamic nucleus (Sth) of the cat has
      been studied. On the basis of the following criteria: the size and the shape of
      the neuronal perikarya, the ultrastructural characteristics of their organelles,
      the presence and quantity of somatic spines and their afferentation, three
      categories of neuronal perikarya were discriminated: large, medium and small
      neurons. The large neurons have a diameter above 18 microns and nucleocytoplasmic
      ratio above 1:1,8. These neurons are the richest in organelles, possess the most
      numerous spines, and are most afferented. According to their shape, the large
      neurons were subdivided in multipolar, fusiform, and irregular types. The medium
      sized neurons have a mean diameter between 16 and 13 microns and
      nucleocytoplasmic ratio 1:1,5-1:1,3. Their cytoplasm contains a lesser number of
      organelles that are more loosely distributed. The medium neurons possess a small
      number of somatic spines and are less afferented. The small neurons have a mean
      diameter below 12 microns and their nucleocytoplasmic ratio is below 1:1,2. Their
      cytoplasm is poor in organelles and they usually lack spines. The small neurons
      are remarkably oligoafferented. The large neurons constitute approximately 25%,
      the medium sized - about 50%, and the small neurons - less than 5% of the
      neuronal population. The remaining neuronal perikarya do not offer reliable
      electron microscopical criteria that could allow an unequivocal discrimination.

PMID- 4031486
TI  - Transplantation of dissociated embryonic brain cells in the brain of adult normal
      rats and rats subjected to hypoxia.
AB  - 3H-thymidine-labelled dissociated brain cells of rat embryos were implanted in
      the brain of adult normal and hypoxia-subjected rats. In both cases these cells
      survived successfully, differentiated into neurons and glial cells and remained
      viable throughout the whole experimental period (60 days). These cells were able
      to synthesize DNA and divide. Dissociated cells of rat embryo brains tended to
      aggregate after transplantation and were present not only as single neurons but
      also as large neuronal assemblies having the shape of islets and columns. These
      cells promoted considerable normalization of degenerated rat cortical neurons
      after hypoxia.

PMID- 4031487
TI  - Morphological, biochemical and physiological changes in brain nervous tissue of
      adult intact and hypoxia-subjected rats after transplantation of embryonic
      nervous tissue.
AB  - Data of morphological, biochemical and physiological investigations of brain
      nervous tissue in adult intact and hypoxia-subjected rats after transplantation
      of rat embryonic nervous tissue are presented. It has been established that
      transplants survive and develop successfully in the brain of both intact and
      hypoxia-subjected rats. The Golgi technique reveals that transplanted neurons
      form dendrites and axons. They also establish afferent and efferent connections
      with neurons in different brain regions of the recipient, as has been
      demonstrated by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tract tracing technique. Hypoxia
      induces reversible as well as irreversible dystrophy of host brain neurons, and
      transplantation of embryonic brain tissue leads to considerable normalization of
      the state of reversibly dystrophic neurons. Biochemical investigations have
      revealed that the spectrum of cytoplasmic proteins of neurons and proteins of the
      whole brain cortex tissue changed after hypoxia are significantly normalized
      after subsequent transplantation. It should be also pointed out that there is a
      considerable increase in the number of proteins in certain fractions which is
      correlated with regeneration of reversibly dystrophic neurons and other cortical
      cells. Electrophysiological experiments revealed distinct but short-term EEG
      changes induced by hypoxia. 1-2 days after hypoxia all EEG parameters were back
      to normal and displayed no changes during the 2-3-month registration period.

PMID- 4031488
TI  - [Correlation of a neuropsychologic syndrome with computer-tomographically defined
      focal lesions of the left brain hemisphere].
AB  - The intention was to examine critically, which new possibilities, limitations and
      possible faultiness are to be expected in connexion with applying computerized
      tomography in the field of brain localization. The examinations concern the
      correlation of neuropsychological symptoms with focal cerebral lesions. From july
      1980 until september 1982 52 persons out of all patients examined in our CT
      department during this time, were chosen if they had computertomographically
      defined focal lesions of one brain hemisphere. They were further examined
      neurologically, neuropsychologically and by psychological tests using a well
      connected plan. The results of 33 cases with circumscribed lesions of the left
      hemisphere are presented in details. The classification of psychological
      syndromes followed the most important features. A simple procedure for lesion
      mapping of CT informations, described by MAZZOCCHI and VIGNOLO (1978) was used
      for documentation and proof of inclusion of the cortical speech region in the
      examined brain lesions. Thus it was possible to compare the different patterns of
      lesions and to form groups of patients with a certain localization of the
      lesions. The correlations of these lesions with the neuropsychological findings
      were examined in each group. A high degree of correlation in the sense of the
      classic conception of brain localization of neuropsychological syndromes was
      found. The ideocinetic motor aphasia was confirmed as a frequent, well-defined
      syndrome in cases with lesions of the left lower parietal lobulus.

PMID- 4031489
TI  - [Follow-up observation of correlations between computer-tomographically defined
      cortical lesions and neuropsychologic findings. A pilot study].
AB  - In connexion with the valuation of own results of examinations concerning
      correlations of computer-tomographically defined focal lesions of the left
      cerebral hemisphere, which were reported in an antecedent paper, possibilities of
      correlative follow-up studies are indicated by describing a single case. Besides
      fundamental advantages, which result from this procedure, it is adequate to the
      necessary consideration of the space of time between the actual beginning of the
      disease and the computertomographic and neuropsychologic examinations.

PMID- 4031490
TI  - Fine structure and vascular supply of the median eminence (ME) in Acipenser
      ruthenus (Chondrostei).
AB  - The fine structure and vascular supply of the median eminence (ME) was studied in
      57 specimens of Acipenser ruthenus (Chondrostei) by means of light microscopy
      (normal histology, horseradish-peroxidase (HRP), formaldehyde induced
      fluorescence (FIF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM) as well as by SEM of vascular corrosion casts. Light microscopy
      revealed that the ME increases in thickness from caudal to rostral with
      capillaries invading the subependymal layers only at the rostral median eminence
      (rME). At the middle (mME) and caudal median eminence (cME) capillaries are
      limited to the ME outer surface. Short term HRP-application (systemically as well
      as intraventricularly) resulted in reaction product in the intercellular space
      throughout the ME after a survival time of 2 hours. The ME tanycytes were
      distinctly marked after 7 days survival. FIF revealed aminergic cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF-) contacting neurons; also the apical part of tanycytes showed
      specific fluorescence. SEM of vascular corrosion casts showed that the arterial
      supply of the whole ME results from branches of the hypothalamic artery and/or
      from those arteries supplying the saccus vasculosus. The whole 2-dimensional
      primary capillary plexus of the ME drains via portal vessels into the
      adenohypophysis. As demonstrated by SEM, the ME ependymal surface is made up by
      oligociliated tanycytes, abundant crown cells and intraventricular protrusions of
      CSF-contacting neurons. Supraependymal cells are lacking, supraependymal fibres
      are very sparse. TEM revealed the ME tanycytes with long ciliary rootlets. Their
      basal processes split into numerous delicate branches forming many end-feet,
      which end at the basal lamina opposite the fenestrated capillaries of the primary
      plexus. Like tanycytes, also the crown cells possess branching processes which
      may contribute to the outer glial membrane. CSF-contacting neurons of the type I
      (with dense core vesicles ranging in diameter from 100-120 nm and of presumed
      aminergic nature) and type II (with dense core vesicles ranging in diameter from
      160-180 nm and of presumed peptidergic nature) were found. Both types are most
      abundant in the cME. Small astrocytes reveal delicate processes which cover parts
      of the CSF-contacting neurons and of tanycytes. Another glial cell type is
      situated near the basal lamina and forms processes parallel the latter. There are
      few axo-somal and axo-axonal synapses pointing rather to a humoral regulation of
      the ME with signals from the ME blood vascular bed or from the CSF acting on CSF
      contacting neurons.

PMID- 4031491
TI  - Somatodendritic synapses in the central nucleus of colliculus inferior (CI) in
      the cat.
AB  - During the ultrastructural investigation of the central nucleus of cat's
      colliculus inferior (CI) neurons containing synaptic vesicles were encountered.
      Their perikarya form somatodendritic synapses and occupy presynaptic positions.
      These neurons were located in the dorsomedial portion of the central nucleus of
      the CI. On the basis of their electron microscopical appearance and synaptic
      relationships they might be discriminated as putative interneurons.

PMID- 4031492
TI  - Human monocyte adherence to cultured vascular endothelium: monoclonal antibody
      defined mechanisms.
AB  - We have evaluated the binding of human peripheral blood monocytes to cultured
      vascular endothelium as an in vitro model of monocyte interaction with the vessel
      wall. Monocytes were purified (91% +/- 4 SE esterase positive) by elutriation to
      avoid contact with surfaces before assay. Adherence of 51Cr-labeled monocytes
      after 45 min (36% +/- 11 SE) was significantly higher than that observed with
      autologous radiolabeled neutrophils (9% +/- 5 SE) and was greater on monolayers
      of human umbilical vein endothelium than on bovine aortic endothelium. Peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells treated with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 60.3, a reagent
      that binds leukocyte membrane complex CDw18, implicated in multiple adherence
      dependent functions, failed to adhere and flatten on artificial surfaces.
      Mononuclear cells treated with MoAb 60.3 simulated cells from a patient with
      recurrent infections whose phagocytes failed to react with MoAb 60.3 and failed
      to emigrate to extravascular sites in vivo. Incubation of monocytes with MoAb
      60.3 inhibited (by 32 to 61%) monocyte adherence to endothelium in a dose
      dependent manner for periods up to 24 hr, but had negligible effects on basal
      (unstimulated) neutrophil adherence. Basal monocyte adherence in the presence of
      MoAb 60.3 remained significantly greater than basal neutrophil adherence.
      Augmentation of phagocyte adherence to endothelial monolayers by autologous
      plasma or phorbol ester (PMA) was abrogated by incubation with MoAb 60.3. Studies
      with immunofluorescence flow cytometry indicated that PMA stimulation of
      monocytes resulted in a specific 40% increase in monocyte surface expression of
      the epitope recognized by MoAb 60.3. These in vitro findings, in conjunction with
      observations from two patients, support the hypothesis that monocyte adherence to
      endothelium and emigration to tissues is mediated by mechanisms both dependent
      upon and independent of the CDw18 complex and the epitope recognized by MoAb
      60.3.

PMID- 4031493
TI  - Competition between antigen and anti-idiotypes for rheumatoid factors.
AB  - Many idiotypic determinants on antibody molecules are thought to be located at
      the antigen binding site, and therefore the interaction between idiotype (Id) and
      anti-idiotype (anti-Id) is expected to be inhibited by the antigen. We describe
      two IgG and one IgM rheumatoid factors whose interactions with their respective
      anti-Id could only be partially inhibited by very large amounts of antigen, i.e.,
      normal IgG. The anti-Id, however, readily inhibited the binding of their
      respective rheumatoid factors to IgG. The differences in interaction energies
      resulted in failure of antigen to readily block the Id-anti-Id interaction, and
      did not mean that the Id was not at the antigen combining site. The association
      constants for the Id-anti-Id interactions varied from 1.3 to 14.8 X 10(7) M-1,
      whereas the strength of the rheumatoid factor antigen bond is on the order of
      10(5) M-1 for interaction with monomeric IgG. In addition, the anti-Id were able
      to remove rheumatoid factors that were bound to solid phase IgG, indicating that
      anti-Id have the potential for disrupting the immune complexes formed by antigen
      and antibody.

PMID- 4031494
TI  - Cutaneous mast cell depletion results from topical corticosteroid usage.
AB  - The effect of long-term topical application of corticosteroids on human cutaneous
      mast cells was examined. Two potent corticosteroids, clobetasol-17-propionate and
      fluocinonide, produced a greater than 85% decrease in histamine content over a 6
      wk treatment period, whereas betamethasone valerate, a less potent
      corticosteroid, produced a 66% decrease. Electron microscopic examination of the
      biopsies taken from sites after 6 wk of treatment indicate that the reduced
      levels of histamine were caused by the depletion of mast cells, as evidenced by:
      the inability to identify any cells representative of mast cells by detailed
      electron microscopy of the biopsies; and the marked acellularity around the
      vasculature where mast cells are certain to be detected. Histamine levels did not
      begin to decline until after 3 wk of corticosteroid treatment, indicating that
      corticosteroids are not immediately harmful to mast cells. Electron microscopic
      examination of biopsies taken at the beginning of treatment and 1 wk later showed
      normal-appearing mast cells, whereas at 3 wk, a small population of mast cells
      was detected with features usually associated with degenerating or dying cells.
      These observations suggest that protracted application of corticosteroids to skin
      is toxic to mast cells. After discontinuation of treatment, the drug-related
      atrophy associated with chronic application of potent corticosteroids to skin is
      rapidly reversed, and skin structure returns to near normal by 14 days. Over this
      time period, however, histamine levels did not increase and mature mast cells
      could not be observed by electron microscopy. At 14 days post-steroid treatment,
      the first signs of cells containing sparse amounts of granules having the
      characteristics of mast cell granules were seen. We interpret this to represent
      new mast cells beginning to mature in the skin. By 3 mo, histamine levels
      returned to normal, demonstrating the reversibility of the steroid-induced mast
      cell depletion. The studies presented here establish the deleterious effects of
      long-term topical corticosteroid treatment on cutaneous mast cells, and begin to
      establish a system in which the development of mast cells in tissue can be
      investigated.

PMID- 4031495
TI  - Modulation of c-myb transcription in autoimmune disease by cyclophosphamide.
AB  - This study explores the relationship between autoimmunity and the myb proto
      oncogene, a gene important for T cell development. The lpr/lpr mice had very
      large amounts of myb RNA in the lymph node (LN) cells; but unexpectedly, they had
      abnormally low levels of myb RNA in the thymus, an organ normally rich in myb
      RNA. Mice with the gld/gld genotype had high myb RNA levels in peripheral LN,
      similar to lpr/lpr mice, but had normal thymic myb RNA levels. Both lpr/lpr and
      gld/gld mice and an AILD patient with lymphadenopathy and high myb RNA in
      peripheral blood cells were treated with cyclophosphamide (CY). In all cases, the
      CY eliminated the lymphadenopathy and corrected the abnormal myb expression.
      However, there were significant differences in the clinical and cellular
      responses to this drug. A single large dose of CY led to marked regression of the
      lymphadenopathy of gld/gld mice and long-term amelioration of their autoimmune
      syndrome. In contrast, similar treatment of lpr/lpr mice failed to alter either
      the lymphadenopathy or the disease process. Consistent with these clinical
      findings, LN myb was normalized in gld/gld mice by a single injection of CY,
      whereas there was no effect on myb expression in lpr/lpr mice. The AILD patient
      reacted much like the gld/gld mice in that myb RNA levels in the peripheral
      blood, and bone marrow returned to normal after only three doses of CY. The
      lymphadenopathy and high levels of LN myb mRNA of the lpr/lpr mice could be
      normalized; this occurred only after long-term treatment with CY. These events
      were accompanied by an increase in thymic myb mRNA from low levels. These studies
      have combined a molecular probe with CY therapy to provide insights into the
      cellular bases for lymphoproliferative autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 4031496
TI  - Protein G: a powerful tool for binding and detection of monoclonal and polyclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Protein G is an immunoglobulin (IgG)-binding bacterial cell wall protein recently
      isolated from group G streptococci. We have investigated the avidity of protein G
      for various monoclonal and polyclonal Ig of the IgG class, and compared it with
      the binding properties of protein A, the staphylococcal Fc-binding protein.
      Radiolabeled Ig were mixed with Sepharose-coupled protein G or protein A, and the
      amounts of radioactivity bound to the matrix-coupled bacterial proteins were
      determined. The avidity was found to be greater for protein G than for protein A
      for all examined Ig. Protein G bound all tested monoclonal IgG from mouse IgG1,
      IgG2a, and IgG3, and rat IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG2c. In addition, polyclonal IgG
      from man, cow, rabbit, goat, rat, and mouse bound to protein G, whereas chicken
      IgG did not. The binding property of protein G was additionally exploited in the
      Western blot assay, in which iodine-labeled protein G was used successfully for
      the detection of a rat monoclonal antibody against ovalbumin, and for the
      detection of rabbit and goat polyclonal whole antisera against human urinary
      proteins. In these experimental situations, protein G was found to be a powerful
      reagent for the detection of IgG, and consequently the antigen against which
      these antibodies are directed.

PMID- 4031497
TI  - Antibody-independent activation of C1, the first component of complement, by
      cardiolipin.
AB  - Lipid vesicles containing phospholipids known to be present in substantial
      amounts in mitochondrial membranes were tested for their capacity to activate C1.
      Among them, only cardiolipin (CL) was highly efficient in C1 activation; no such
      effect was observed with phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, or
      phosphatidylinositol. CL was shown to bind specifically C1q, because only
      unlabeled C1q competed with 125I-C1q for binding to CL. The requirement for C1q
      was confirmed by the finding that only fully reconstituted macromolecular C1,
      containing C1q, was activated by CL. The specificity of CL-induced activation of
      C1 was also demonstrated by introducing adriamycin, an agent known to interact
      with CL. Whereas adriamycin did not decrease C1 activation induced by immune
      complexes, it abrogated C1 activation by CL. The latter was shown to be a strong
      nonimmune activator of C1, because C1-INH did not inhibit CL-induced activation.
      When the concentration of CL in vesicles was decreased in the presence of
      phosphatidylcholine, C1 activation was detected only above a critical level of 35
      mol% CL, compatible with a minimal density or clustering of CL molecules in the
      plane of the membrane. Moreover, C1 activation by CL was modulated by the
      addition of cholesterol. The threshold of CL required for C1 activation was
      lowered by the incorporation of more than 35 mol% cholesterol into the vesicles.
      These results show that CL incorporated into liposomes can be a potent nonimmune
      activator of C1. The negatively charged phosphate groups in CL are likely
      candidates for Clq-binding.

PMID- 4031499
TI  - Production of the lymphokine soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) during
      chronic experimental schistosomiasis mansoni.
AB  - Chronic schistosomiasis mansoni is a helminthic infection characterized by cell
      mediated anti-egg granulomatous reactions and a variety of associated
      immunoregulatory phenomena. Soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) is a
      lymphokine produced by activated suppressor T lymphocytes in various experimental
      settings. This report demonstrates the presence of SIRS in the sera of mice with
      chronic schistosomiasis mansoni (at least 20 wk of infection), but not in the
      sera of mice with earlier infections. Also, cultures of isolated, intact,
      hepatic, egg-focused granulomas from chronically infected mice released
      detectable levels of SIRS. These are the immunomodulated lesions characteristic
      of this infection. Large, intense, unmodulated granulomas obtained from acutely
      infected mice did not release SIRS. There is, therefore, a strong association
      between the presence of SIRS in the serum, the production of SIRS by intact
      lesions, and the chronic, immunomodulated stage of schistosomiasis mansoni.

PMID- 4031498
TI  - The role of glutathione in lymphocyte activation. I. Comparison of inhibitory
      effects of buthionine sulfoximine and 2-cyclohexene-1-one by nuclear size
      transformation.
AB  - The role of glutathione (GSH) in lectin-induced lymphocyte activation can be
      studied by quantitating lectin-induced nuclear size transformation in the
      presence of variable degrees of GSH depletion. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)
      inhibits intracellular GSH synthesis by inhibition of the enzyme gamma-glutamyl
      cysteine synthetase. By combining endogenous GSH depletion in cell cultures with
      BSO-induced inhibition of GSH synthesis, lectin-induced lymphocyte activation can
      be studied at various concentrations of soluble intracellular GSH. With this
      approach, the percentage of lymphocytes undergoing a nuclear size transformation
      is minimally affected despite depletion of soluble intracellular GSH to 0.27
      nmol/10(7) cells (PBL), which represents approximately 95% depletion of
      intracellular GSH. When soluble intracellular GSH is depleted to undetectable
      levels (less than 0.10 nmol/10(7) cells) there is a 10 to 12% reduction in the
      number of cell nuclei transformed. However, in all BSO-pretreated cultures the
      lectin-induced nuclear size transformation is intermediate between resting and
      blast-transformed lymphocytes, suggesting only partial (or aborted) activation.
      The partial activation response observed in BSO-pretreated cultures may be due to
      mobilization of the protein-bound pool of GSH, which is relatively resistant to
      depletion by BSO. That the inhibition of full blast transformation is truly due
      to GSH depletion was proven by experiments in which GSH was repleted exogenously
      and a full blast transformation was restored. The results of previous work in our
      laboratory had shown that the sulfhydryl-reactive agent 2-cyclohexene-1-one (2
      CHX) was a potent inhibitor of activation at soluble intracellular GSH
      concentrations well above 0.27 nmol/10(7) PBL. In the present study, the dose
      dependent inhibition of activation by 2-CHX was confirmed, but it was shown that
      the degree of inhibition caused by 2-CHX could be at least partially dissociated
      from the level of intracellular GSH present at the time of lectin addition and
      that the inhibitory potential of 2-CHX exceeded that of BSO at comparable levels
      of soluble intracellular GSH. Thus, the inhibitory properties of 2-CHX cannot be
      accounted for solely on the basis of GSH depletion.

PMID- 4031500
TI  - Protective monoclonal antibody against Schistosoma mansoni: antigen isolation,
      characterization, and suitability for active immunization.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies that bind to the surface of developing schistosomula were
      generated from the spleens of chronically infected mice that were boosted with
      cercarial glycoproteins. The two most reactive monoclonal antibodies, denoted 152
      66-9B and 152-66-1C, were used for identification of surface antigens. The
      antigen detected by these monoclonal antibodies persisted on the surface of the
      developing larva for 72 hr posttransformation. This monoclonal antibody effected
      complement-mediated killing of schistosomula in vitro as efficiently as infected
      mouse sera. It was also very efficient in inhibiting the infectivity of both
      cercariae and schistosomula. The antigen reactive with the 152-66-9B monoclonal
      antibody contains two major polypeptides (45 and 30 KD). These polypeptide chains
      might have originated from the same protein, because they have the same
      isoelectric point in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the affinity
      purified antigen migrated as only one protein band of approximately 200 KD in SDS
      PAGE in nonreducing conditions. The 9B antigen was isolated, purified, and used
      for immunization, resulting in an antigen dose-dependent partial protection
      against S. mansoni infection.

PMID- 4031501
TI  - Protection against 17D yellow fever encephalitis in mice by passive transfer of
      monoclonal antibodies to the nonstructural glycoprotein gp48 and by active
      immunization with gp48.
AB  - The protective capacity of antiviral antibodies has generally been considered to
      depend on their interactions with structural components of the virion. Here we
      report protection against lethal 17D yellow fever virus (YF) encephalitis of mice
      by passive administration of nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies to a 17D YF
      specified nonstructural glycoprotein, gp48, and by active immunization with
      purified gp48. Among five anti-gp48 monoclonal antibodies tested, two with high
      titer complement-fixing (CF) activity were protective, whereas three antibodies
      with little or no CF activity were not. The ability of antibodies to protect
      correlated with their ability to promote complement-mediated cytolysis (CMC) of
      51Cr-labeled 17D YF-infected mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro 2a) cells. Purified gp48,
      prepared from lysates of 17D YF-infected Vero cells by immunoaffinity
      chromatography, was shown to bear both YF type-specific and flavivirus group
      reactive determinants in a solid phase radioimmunoassay. Immunization of mice
      with purified gp48 resulted in solid protection in the absence of detectable anti
      virion antibody, measured by neutralization and radioimmunoprecipitation assays.
      The results are consistent with plasma membrane expression of gp48 and
      susceptibility of 17D YF-infected neural cells to CMC, a possible mechanism of
      host defense in 17D YF encephalitis. Protection provided by immunization with
      gp48, which bears a group-reactive determinant and is highly conserved among
      flaviviruses, may have implications in regard to flavivirus vaccine design.

PMID- 4031502
TI  - A rapid and sensitive method allowing photometric determination of
      erythrophagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes.
AB  - A spectrometric assay for assessing erythrophagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes
      is described. It is based on the haemoglobin-catalyzed conversion of a benzidine
      derivative into a coloured product in the presence of H2O2 (pseudoperoxidase
      activity). The assay is set up in microtitre plates, and following an uptake
      phase and removal of non-ingested erythrocytes, pseudoperoxidase activity is
      measured in detergent lysates of phagocytes, using an ELISA reader photometer.
      Various detergents and substrates were evaluated. SDS was found to be the most
      suitable detergent. Diaminobenzidine (in PBS, pH 7.4) was the substrate of choice
      for enumerating ingested erythrocytes in a range from 10(4) to 5-8X10(5) sheep
      erythrocytes. Ortho-tolidine (in acetate buffer, pH 5.5) could be used in a range
      from 2X10(3) to 2X10(5) sheep erythrocytes. The results obtained with human
      peripheral blood monocytes or monocyte-derived macrophages and IgG-sensitized
      sheep erythrocytes correlated well with those obtained using 51Cr-labelled, IgG
      sensitized erythrocytes.

PMID- 4031503
TI  - Soluble IgG aggregates produced by heating remain stable on freeze-drying.
AB  - IgG aggregates produced by heating gamma globulin solutions were freeze-dried,
      kept at 4 degrees C and reconstituted up to 4 months later. By comparison with
      frozen (-20 degrees C) preparations, only minimal changes in biological
      reactivity and in physical integrity occurred during this period. These results
      demonstrate that freeze-dried preparations of heat-aggregated IgG are potentially
      useful as a reference reagent for the comparative evaluation and standardisation
      of immune complex assays.

PMID- 4031504
TI  - Blotting methods applied to investigations of the mitogenic activity of
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA).
AB  - PHA polypeptides were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      transferred to nitrocellulose filters which were then cut into identical discs
      and used to perform blastogenic stimulation on cultured human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes. This method offers the following advantages: the high resolution of
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the sensitive immunochemical
      identification of the polypeptides involved in the mitogenic responses of
      lymphocytes, the determination in the same experiment of the molecular weight,
      antigenicity and biological activities of the proteins.

PMID- 4031505
TI  - A simple microplate assay for the determination of cellular protein.
AB  - In assays of leukocyte function it is desirable to correlate a specific
      measurement, e.g., the release of enzymes, the production of metabolites or the
      secretion of cytokines with the amount of cellular material. Many authors use
      either the protein or the DNA content of the cells as a reference. Specific
      measurements of cellular activity are often expressed as a ratio of
      activity/protein or activity/DNA. This communication describes a dye-binding
      assay which allows the determination of total protein of the same cell sample
      which was first used for the quantitation of a specific cellular function. The
      microplate assay described is an adaptation of the Coomassie blue dye-binding
      assay without the need of a separate step to lyse the cells. The test is useful
      for both adherent and non-adherent cells and has a detection limit of less than
      500 ng BSA or 5000 leukocytes.

PMID- 4031506
TI  - A sensitive assay of cytotoxicity applicable to mixed cell populations.
AB  - The fluorescent vital dye, Hoechst 33342, was used to stain cultured cells prior
      to assay of antibody dependent complement mediated cytotoxicity. The fluorescence
      of nonviable dye stained cells is quenched by cellular uptake of trypan blue, but
      trypan blue excluding cells remain intensely fluorescent. Detection by
      fluorescence microscopy of one viable prestained cell per 10(5) unstained cells
      was accurate and reliable. The technique was found to have sensitivity equal to a
      clonogenic assay for measuring cytotoxicity. The dye stained cell assay may be
      used to measure depletion of a selected cell type, when those cells are stained
      prior to mixing with another cell population. This technique may prove useful to
      study model systems for depletion of tumor cells or T-cells from bone marrow.

PMID- 4031507
TI  - Use of whole Streptococcus pneumoniae cells as a solid phase sorbent for C
      reactive protein measurement by ELISA.
AB  - Monolayers of pneumococcus (serotype 27) on flat bottom polystyrene microtiter
      plates were used as a solid phase sorbent for the determination of C-reactive
      protein (CRP) by ELISA. After binding to the monolayer, CRP was quantified with
      peroxidase conjugated rabbit anti-human CRP immunoglobulin. The method is
      sensitive (5 micrograms/ml), rapid (less than 2 h) and correlates well with a
      laser nephelometric assay (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001), and with a classical
      sandwich ELISA (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001).

PMID- 4031508
TI  - Miconazole influence on both cellular immune response and hepatic drug metabolism
      in mice.
AB  - Miconazole was found to exert a biphasic influence on both cellular immune
      response and hepatic drug metabolism in adult Swiss mice. Indeed, at the dose of
      2.5 or 12.5 mg/kg/twice daily via intraperitoneal route, miconazole depressed
      delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells and hepatic drug
      metabolism as determined from barbiturate sleeping time, following one-day
      treatment. By contrast, at the same dose level, miconazole enhanced DTH and
      hepatic drug metabolism after a five-day administration schedule. Primary humoral
      response and colloidal carbon clearance were not affected. Although the
      underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated, these findings clearly
      suggest a close relation between modulation of the cellular immune response and
      activity of liver drug metabolizing enzymes.

PMID- 4031509
TI  - The influence on the formation of unstable haemoglobin by the immunomodulating 2
      cyanaziridines azimexone and BM 41.332 in mice.
AB  - Azimexone causes in mice the formation of unstable haemoglobins after a single
      dose of 20 mg/kg. BM 41.332, another immunomodulating drug of the 2-cyanaziridine
      class, induces these unstable haemoglobins only after a single oral
      administration of 500 mg/kg. Subsequently to the formation of unstable
      haemoglobins we observed a development of Heinz bodies. These effects of the 2
      cyanaziridines were elicited neither by methaemoglobin formation nor by an
      impairment of the components protecting haemoglobin against oxidation (G6PD,
      catalase, glutathione). The elimination of the altered haemoglobin in the spleen
      could be followed by measurement of the rise in the iron content of the spleen.

PMID- 4031511
TI  - Quills, ballpoints, and now computers.

PMID- 4031510
TI  - The effect of methotrexate on in vitro immunoglobulin production.
AB  - The effect of Methotrexate (MTX) on pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced immunoglobulin
      (Ig) production in vitro was studied over a range of 10(-4) - 10(-12)M MTX, using
      an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MTX, at a concentration of 5 X 10(
      9)M profoundly decreased all classes of Ig production, IgM greater than IgG
      greater than IgA. Plasma cell numbers, identified using polyclonal antihuman
      immunoglobulin, demonstrated a similar sensitivity to MTX. There was a
      paradoxical increase in IgM and IgG production at 5 X 10(-11)M MTX. Clinical
      implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 4031512
TI  - Aetiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia.
AB  - Between January 1972 and December 1981, 50 patients with severe community
      acquired pneumonia were admitted to the intensive care unit of a district general
      hospital. A causal pathogen was identified in 41 cases (82%). Streptococcus
      pneumoniae (16 cases), Legionella pneumophila (15 cases) and Staphylococcus
      aureus (5 cases) were the commonest. Assisted ventilation was required in 44
      patients, of whom 25 died (57%). All 5 patients with staphylococcal pneumonia and
      12(75%) with pneumococcal pneumonia died. Only 5 (33%) with Legionnaires' disease
      died. Mortality was significantly associated with age. Recommendations for the
      management of severe pneumonia are made.

PMID- 4031513
TI  - Typhoid fever among Swedish visitors to Kos in 1983.
AB  - Seven cases of confirmed typhoid fever were discovered among 26 Swedish visitors
      to the Greek island of Kos in 1983. They had all stayed at the same hotel during
      the last week of June and the first week of July. During the same period 32
      British visitors and 16 visitors from other Scandinavian countries who stayed at
      the implicated hotel also developed typhoid fever. By analysing questionnaires
      and by personally interviewing the Swedish visitors, a close association with the
      eating of salad at dinner on the 4th of July was found. As soon as the first
      Swedish case was discovered, a carrier among the hotel staff was suspected
      because it was known that one Swedish and one Finnish case of typhoid fever had
      been reported in 1981 and 1982 respectively, both patients having stayed at the
      implicated hotel.

PMID- 4031515
TI  - Antibiotic advice based on an intra-operative Gram-stain during cholecystectomy.
AB  - Intra-operative microscopy of the bile was performed during cholecystectomy in
      335 patients. Based on the results, individual antibiotic advice was given.
      Bacteria were seen in the Gram-stained smear from 96 patients of whom 86 had a
      positive culture. In five patients a negative Gram-stain correlated with a
      positive culture (sensitivity 94.5%, specificity 95%, positive predictive value
      89.5% and negative predictive value 97.5%). In only four patients (1.2%) did the
      antibiotic advice turn out to be wrong. Eight patients (2.4%) had signs of
      postoperative infection: one after wrong antibiotic advice, one who did not have
      prophylaxis because of false negative microscopy, four who did not have
      prophylaxis for clinical reasons but who had positive Gram-stains, and two
      despite apparently appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis. An intra-operative Gram
      stain as a guide to individual antibiotic advice given by a medical
      microbiologist during cholecystectomy is recommended.

PMID- 4031514
TI  - Staphylococcal bacteraemia in Zimbabwe 1983.
AB  - We have reviewed 107 cases of staphylococcal bacteraemia in order to assess the
      current clinical spectrum of serious staphylococcal sepsis in Zimbabwe, where
      staphylococcal bacteraemia is common. Infection was hospital-acquired in 35 cases
      and community-acquired in 72 cases. The mortality rate was 28%. Most patients
      were young, with predisposing conditions such as prematurity, protein-caloric
      malnutrition and measles. The length of the prodromal illness tended to be short
      and a primary site of infection, usually the lungs or skin, was obvious in 66% of
      patients. In 30% there was evidence of metastatic spread, usually to meninges,
      bone, joint and muscle, but endocarditis was uncommon. Metastatic infection was
      rare when infection was acquired in hospital. Death appeared to be associated
      with measles, protein-caloric malnutrition, acquisition of infection in hospital,
      absence of an obvious focus of infection and with inappropriate antibiotic
      therapy. Aggressive treatment with antibiotics intravenously was the rule. A
      combination of penicillin and an aminoglycoside was favoured until the nature of
      the infecting organism was established. Of those patients who died, 38% had
      received less than 72 h antibiotic therapy. Multiple antibiotic resistance is now
      widespread in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 4031516
TI  - Campylobacter fetus peritonitis followed by septicaemia in a patient on
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - A 62-year-old man being treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      (CAPD) developed peritonitis due to Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus
      (intestinalis), an organism seldom isolated in such circumstances. After
      appropriate and apparently effective antibiotic therapy, the patient relapsed 6
      weeks later with septicaemia. Blood cultures yielded a similar organism, thereby
      suggesting a clinically silent metastatic infection during the episode of
      peritonitis, probably at an old arteriovenous fistula. Parenteral tobramycin
      followed by oral erythromycin achieved a complete cure of this unusual
      complication.

PMID- 4031518
TI  - Pneumococcal meningitis in a husband and wife.

PMID- 4031517
TI  - Spontaneous pseudomembranous colitis not associated with Clostridium difficile.
AB  - This paper describes two patients who developed macroscopically and
      microscopically typical pseudomembranous colitis without prior exposure to
      antimicrobial agents and without detectable Clostridium difficile or its toxin in
      the faeces.

PMID- 4031519
TI  - Bacteroides fragilis isolated post mortem from an abscess in a myocardial
      infarct.
AB  - An unusual case of an abscess complicating a myocardial infarct is described.
      Similar cases reported so far are reviewed, with special attention to modes of
      presentation, possible sources of infection and complications.

PMID- 4031520
TI  - Biotypes and serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains
      isolated from patients, pigs and chickens in the region of Rotterdam.
AB  - A comparison was made of the distribution of the bio-and serotypes of
      Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from human patients (205
      isolates), intestinal contents of pigs (163 isolates) and intestinal contents and
      livers of chickens (147 isolates). All strains were isolated in the region of
      Rotterdam. Campylobacter jejuni biotype 1 accounted for 86%, 1% and 82% of the
      human, pig and chicken isolates respectively; C. coli was present in 7%, 98% and
      14% respectively. Serotyping was possible for 84% of the human isolates, 77% of
      the pig and 82% of the chicken isolates. Among the human isolates 33 bio-and
      serotypes were found, of which 22 were similar to those in chickens and only five
      to those in pigs. Bio-and serotypes from human beings and chickens, ranked in
      order of decreasing frequency, showed a positive correlation, whereas those from
      human beings and pigs showed a negative correlation.

PMID- 4031521
TI  - Failure of erythromycin/rifampicin treatment of legionella pneumonia.

PMID- 4031522
TI  - Virulence of Toxoplasma gondii.

PMID- 4031523
TI  - Infections--a new awakening?

PMID- 4031524
TI  - Coxiella burnetii infection in immunocompromised patients.

PMID- 4031525
TI  - Ceftriaxone--clinical experience in the treatment of neonates.
AB  - A group of 104 neonates with clinical signs of infection sufficient to justify
      treatment with penicillin plus gentamicin received instead monotherapy with
      ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg once daily). Bacteriological cultures from 20 babies before
      treatment yielded significant isolates (9 had bacteraemia). Following treatment,
      infecting bacteria were eradicated from 15/20 babies. Ten of the 104 babies died;
      all were examined post mortem. Only one death was attributed to bacterial
      infection. The remaining babies responded well to treatment. No adverse
      alteration in biochemical or haematological values was associated with
      ceftriaxone therapy. The incidence of diarrhoea, blood in the stools, necrotising
      enterocolitis or anti-coagulation problems was the same as in the babies not
      receiving ceftriaxone. Pharmacokinetic values were determined on 40 babies.
      Elimination half life (T1/2 beta) and minimum serum concentration (Cmin.)
      decreased and clearance increased with increasing postnatal age. Postnatal age
      was the single most significant factor affecting pharmacokinetics. Ceftriaxone is
      a safe and effective alternative to conventional therapy for infected neonates.
      Prolonged therapy is associated with superficial colonisation with inherently
      resistant bacteria.

PMID- 4031526
TI  - Role of granulocytes and monocytes in the prevention and therapy of experimental
      Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis in rabbits.
AB  - Rabbits with endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis were studied to
      determine the parts played by granulocytes and monocytes in the prevention or
      outcome of therapy with cloxacillin. Both monocytes and granulocytes influenced
      prophylaxis with cloxacillin. The amount of cloxacillin needed to prevent
      infection in 50% of the rabbits was significantly less in control rabbits than in
      those selectively depleted of monocytes, as it was also in rabbits selectively
      depleted of monocytes compared with those that had both granulocytopenia and
      monocytopenia. Granulocytes strongly potentiated the effect of cloxacillin during
      prophylaxis, whereas the contribution of monocytes was merely additive. Monocytes
      also contributed to the effect of therapy with cloxacillin, partially via a
      cloxacillin-independent mechanism and partially by potentiation of the effect of
      cloxacillin. Granulocytes did not appear to affect cloxacillin therapy. Results
      of this study suggest that currently used regimens for prophylaxis and treatment
      of S. epidermidis endocarditis may need to be adjusted for neutropenic patients.

PMID- 4031527
TI  - Pneumonia and meningo-encephalitis due to Coxiella burnetii.
AB  - We describe the case of a 35-year-old man who presented with pneumonia and
      encephalitis due to Coxiella burnetii. The neurological manifestations of Q fever
      are discussed and we suggest that C. burnetii be included in the differential
      diagnosis of patients with pneumonia and encephalitis.

PMID- 4031528
TI  - A study of the factors influencing tetanus immunity in Israeli male adults.
AB  - In Israel the immune status of the adult population is largely unknown, because
      many adults have immigrated from various countries and have no reliable record of
      immunisation. The Israel Defence Force has implemented a preventive booster
      immunisation schedule for all its members. The immunity of the adult male
      population as well as the factors contributing to it were measured and 77.3%
      found to have sufficient tetanus antibody for protection. The antibody titres in
      the 3241 subjects studied were found to depend on age. In the older age groups
      (45-54 years) over one-third had less than 0.01 IU/ml, but even among those of 21
      30 years 14% were 'unprotected', if 0.01 IU/ml is taken as the threshold value.
      Apart from age, the only other contributing factors identified were the
      occupation as a civilian, education and the number of years since the last
      immunisation. In our view, the findings call for an immunisation schedule based
      in each individual country on population serosurveys.

PMID- 4031530
TI  - Group G streptococcal septicaemia.

PMID- 4031529
TI  - Pregnant women in contact with rubella.

PMID- 4031531
TI  - Pneumococcal vaccination.

PMID- 4031532
TI  - Vaginal disinfectants.

PMID- 4031533
TI  - Source of Vibrio spp. found in the hemolymph of the blue crab, Callinectes
      sapidus.

PMID- 4031534
TI  - Sunlight-induced pathogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 4031535
TI  - Isolation and preliminary biochemical characterization of the human epidermal
      Langerhans cell.
AB  - A method is described for the isolation of human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC).
      Following the disaggregation of the epidermis by gentle trypsinization, the cell
      suspension is incubated with the fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody OKT6.
      Using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, a subpopulation is selected on the
      basis of positive fluorescence and low forward-scatter, the latter parameter
      reducing contamination by LC-keratinocyte clusters. The LC averaged 1.7% of the
      original epidermal preparation. The purity averages 83% as judged either by OKT6
      binding or by ATPase activity. Biochemical measurements indicated that the
      activity of lysosomal enzymes was low with the exception of alpha-mannosidase,
      which was about 12-fold higher than that of the keratinocyte. The activities of 3
      enzymes of intermediary metabolism suggest that the utilization of glucose by the
      LC is considerably greater than that of the keratinocyte.

PMID- 4031536
TI  - Experimental photoallergy to systemic drugs.
AB  - We have induced photoallergy in mice to systemically administered drugs,
      specifically sulfanilamide and chlorpromazine. Mice were photosensitized to
      systemic sulfanilamide or chlorpromazine by i.p. administration of drug followed
      by UVB and UVA irradiation of shaved flank skin, on two consecutive days. Control
      mice received i.p. drug with no irradiation. In some experiments cyclophosphamide
      pretreatment, or intradermal Corynebacterium parvum (Propionibacterium acnes),
      was administered as an immunoadjuvant. All animals were photochallenged on day 5
      with i.p. drug followed by UVA irradiation of one ear. Mice that had been
      previously immunized with drug and UV radiation developed ear swelling and
      erythema, evident 24 h after photochallenge, but not at 4 h. Control animals
      showed no reactions. In a typical experiment of photosensitization to systemic
      sulfanilamide, the experimental group had a mean increase in ear thickness of 6.0
      X 10(-2) mm 24 h after photochallenge, while unsensitized control animals showed
      a mean change of -0.8 X 10(-2) mm. The histopathology of the positive challenge
      reaction was characteristic of a delayed type hypersensitivity. Adoptive transfer
      of photoallergy to systemic sulfanilamide to naive recipients was accomplished by
      i.v. injection of lymph node cells (5 X 10(7) harvested from actively
      photosensitized donors. Clinical reports have suggested that exposure to systemic
      medications followed by sunlight can induce an eruption having a photoallergic
      basis. We now report the first experimental proof of that hypothesis. The murine
      model should facilitate exploration of photoallergic mechanisms and, in addition,
      it provides the basis for a prospective test of systemic drugs for their
      photoallergenicity.

PMID- 4031537
TI  - Effect of dicarboxylic acids on Harding-Passey and Cloudman S91 melanoma cells in
      tissue culture.
AB  - Clinically, dicarboxylic acids have a cytotoxic effect on the abnormally
      hyperactive and malignant epidermal melanocyte, and diacids from C8 to C13 have
      been shown to inhibit mitochondrial oxidoreductases. Here, their effect on the
      growth kinetics and ultrastructure of murine melanoma cells in culture is
      examined. Cultures of Harding-Passey and Cloudman S91 melanoma cells were exposed
      to single doses of the disodium salts of C12, C9, and C6 (which does not
      significantly inhibit mitochondrial enzymes) dicarboxylic acids at concentrations
      of 10(-3) M to 10(-1) M. With C12 and C9, viability and cell proliferation over 3
      days were significantly affected by concentrations greater than 10(-2) M. With
      exposure to C6 at 10(-1) M and to medium to which NaCl was added to produce equal
      osmolarity, the effect was much less. Electron microscopy of cells exposed to C9
      at 10(-1) M for 1 h and 6 h revealed massive swelling of mitochondria with
      destruction of cristae, but plasma and nuclear membranes and membranes of
      endoplasmic reticulum were intact. Similar damage was not seen with C6 at 10(-1)
      M nor with equiosomolar NaCl. The results confirm (1) the cytotoxicity of
      dicarboxylic acids for malignant melanocytes, and (2) that the mitochondrion is a
      prime target for their action.

PMID- 4031538
TI  - An evaluation of the effectiveness of azelaic acid as a depigmenting and
      chemotherapeutic agent.
AB  - In the past five years, it has been reported that certain dicarboxylic acids (C8
      C13) and azelaic acid (C9) (AZA), in particular, have a remarkable effect in the
      management of lentigo maligna, human malignant melanoma, and certain disorders of
      hyperpigmentation. Preclinical trials, therefore, were undertaken in order to
      evaluate the effectiveness of AZA as a depigmenting agent and as a
      chemotherapeutic agent. Twenty-seven uniformly black pigmented guinea pigs were
      given topical applications of various concentrations (3, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) of
      AZA preparations for 8 weeks, and their effects on the melanocytes of epilated
      skin of the backs and the nonepilated ears of guinea pigs were compared to the
      effects of well-known depigmenting agents. Whereas 4-isopropylcatechol,
      monobenzylether of hydroquinone, monoethylether of hydroquinone, hydroquinone,
      and 4-hydroxyanisole were found to be selectively cytotoxic to melanocytes in
      black-skinned guinea pigs, AZA has little or no visually recognizable effect on
      melanocytes in these animals. The therapeutic effect of local s.c. injections of
      various concentrations of AZA preparations on the development of s.c. implanted B
      16 melanoma tumor was evaluated in 96 C57BL/6J mice. In addition, 31 BDF1 mice,
      implanted i.p. with B-16 melanoma tumor, were used to assess the effect of 100
      500 mg/kg concentrations of AZA administered i.p. In both studies, AZA revealed
      no significant tumoristatic or tumoricidal effect on the size, color, and growth
      of melanoma. The effect of AZA was also evaluated on S-91A (melanotic or
      pigmented) and S-91B (amelanotic) human melanoma cells in culture. Low
      concentrations (10(-5) and 10(-3) M) of AZA had no inhibitory effect on the
      growth of these cells. Only at higher concentrations (greater than 10(-3) M) was
      a cytotoxic effect on cell viability observed. These observations indicate AZA is
      not selectively cytotoxic to normal and proliferative melanocytes and has no
      apparent inhibitory effect on the formative process of melanin pigmentation.

PMID- 4031539
TI  - Synthesis in vitro of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid by dopachrome
      conversion factor from Cloudman S91 melanoma cells.
AB  - The oxidation of dopachrome to melanin occurs spontaneously in vitro but has been
      shown to be under enzymatic control in vivo. Dopachrome conversion factor,
      purified from Cloudman S91 melanoma cells, converts dopachrome, which is orange,
      to a colorless compound. We have purified this colorless compound and identified
      it as 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid. This compound is generated
      enzymatically from a solution containing dopa and dopachrome and, under these
      conditions, is not readily oxidized to melanin in solution at pH 6.8. The
      synthesis in vitro of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid suggests that this
      compound may be an intermediate in the synthesis of melanin.

PMID- 4031540
TI  - Glycoprotein metabolism in skin cancer: synthesis, pool size, and partial
      characterization of glycoproteins in the rat basosquamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - Uptake of fucose, glucosamine, galactose, and mannose and the incorporation of
      these sugars into glycoconjugates have been quantified in a model epithelial
      tumor, the basosquamous cell carcinoma of the rat. Following isolation of
      glycoprotein and papain digestion, the fucosylated glycopeptides were
      fractionated according to molecular weight (Mr) and by affinity chromatography.
      Analysis of cellular material revealed a 2- to 3-fold reduction in the proportion
      of high-Mr fucopeptides synthesized by the tumor compared with normal epidermis,
      accompanied by a profound block in the incorporation of galactose into
      glycoconjugates. Parallel investigation of carbohydrate removed from the cell
      surface with trypsin or spontaneously shed into the medium indicated a striking
      decrease in the total release of fucopeptides from the tumor; the Mr was
      (respectively) normal or increased. Thus the fucopeptide abnormality appears to
      be accounted for almost entirely by a shift toward accumulation of low-Mr
      material at internal locations within the cell.

PMID- 4031541
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity in the nerves of
      human axillary sweat glands.
AB  - The cholinergic innervation of the human axillary sweat glands of hyperhidrotic
      patients was demonstrated by using the specific Karnovsky-Roots thiocholine
      method. The cholinergic innervation pattern was compared with the
      immunohistochemically demonstrated vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like
      activity at light and electron microscopic levels. The innervation patterns were
      identical in the light microscopic serial sections. In the electron microscope
      sections, VIP-like immunoreactivity was localized to the nerve terminals
      containing large, dense-cored vesicles 100-140 nm in size. No synapses were
      found, however positively stained nerve terminals were located immediately
      outside the basement membrane but close to the glandular secretory and
      myoepithelial cells, blood vessels, and occasionally the mast cells. Our results
      suggest the coexistence of the two neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and VIP, in
      the same nerves innervating both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands in human
      axillae.

PMID- 4031542
TI  - Ocular findings in patients treated with PUVA.
AB  - This 5-year prospective study of ophthalmologic findings in 1299 patients treated
      with oral 8-methoxypsoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) for psoriasis failed to
      demonstrate a significant dose-dependent increase in the risk of developing
      symptomatic cataracts. These patients were instructed to wear UVA-blocking
      eyeglasses when exposed to sunlight and during treatment for a 12-h period
      beginning from the time of 8-methoxypsoralen ingestion. However, we did observe a
      small increase in the risk for development of nuclear sclerosis and posterior
      subcapsular opacities among patients who received at least 100 PUVA treatments,
      compared to patients with fewer than 100 treatments (relative risk = 2.3 and 3.0,
      respectively; p less than .05 both comparisons). We compared our results to those
      of a large, population-based study and found, after adjusting for differences in
      methods, that the prevalence of cataracts in our study patients, aged 52-75
      years, was not significantly different. Since the latency period for development
      of symptomatic ocular abnormalities may be longer than 5 years, continued
      surveillance of our cohort and continued use of appropriate ocular protection by
      all patients treated with PUVA is indicated.

PMID- 4031543
TI  - A mild form of xeroderma pigmentosum assigned to complementation group G and its
      repair heterogeneity.
AB  - The specific heterodikaryon complementation results allowed us to allocate a 37
      year-old female patient with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP31KO) to complementation
      group G of rare incidence. A mild form of XP31KO as the third group G patient
      manifested normal skin reaction to phototest, no physical or neuromental
      abnormalities, and a basal cell epithelioma, in contrast to the reference group G
      XP2BI. XP31KO cells showed 25% unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) after 10 J/m2 UV
      compared to less than 5% UDS in XP2BI cells and less hypersensitive responses to
      UV radiation and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide killings than did XP2BI cells. Such a
      repair phenotype of XP31KO presents an intragroup-G heterogeneity.

PMID- 4031544
TI  - A new serological assay for Staphylococcus aureus infections: detection of IgG
      antibodies to S. aureus lipase with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - Purified Staphylococcus aureus lipase was used as antigen in an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detected IgG antibodies in 169 patients with
      infections due to S. aureus, in 122 patients with infections not due to S.
      aureus, and in 167 healthy controls. Eighty-eight percent (21 of 24) of the
      patients with endocarditis due to S. aureus showed a positive level of antibody
      to lipase or a significant change in antibody titer during the first month, as
      did 89% (17 of 19) and 28% (5 of 18) of the patients with complicated and
      uncomplicated septicemia due to S. aureus, respectively. The specificity for S.
      aureus infections was high; only one patient in the non-S. aureus endocarditis
      and septicemia groups showed a significant rise in antibody titer, and this rise
      did not reach a positive antibody level. Patients with recurrent furunculosis or
      chronic osteomyelitis due to S. aureus responded in only 15% and 23% of cases,
      respectively. We suggest that the antibody-to-lipase ELISA could be used as a
      valuable complement to other serological assays in diagnosing serious S. aureus
      infections because of its high sensitivity and specificity.

PMID- 4031545
TI  - Detection of fever with infrared thermometry: a feasibility study.
AB  - Fever is a remarkably sensitive indicator of infectious disease. The thermometer
      in clinical use today is basically that developed over a century ago, measuring
      heat conducted from skin or mucous membranes to an adjacent probe. In dealing
      with immunosuppressed granulocytopenic patients, the need was realized for an
      instrument by which temperature might be determined without a probe contact.
      Infrared pyrometers have been used in industry to record the temperature of
      mechanical objects at a distance. We tested the feasibility of using such an
      instrument to detect fever in humans. In a controlled and blinded fashion,
      infrared measurements from the eyes, axillae, and areas below the ear lobes (E
      spot) of 140 febrile and afebrile patients were compared with rectal temperatures
      recorded by a standard thermometer. The eye and E spot provided the most accurate
      readings. Infrared measurements of the right eye identified 57 (95%) of 60
      febrile and 72 (90%) of 80 afebrile patients correctly. Overall, 92% of all
      patients were correctly categorized by use of the infrared thermometer at this
      site. We conclude that this approach is feasible and, with further technical
      developments, may be applicable for routine clinical use.

PMID- 4031546
TI  - Acute myocardial effects of chloramphenicol in newborn pigs: a possible insight
      into the gray baby syndrome.
AB  - Mechanical function and mitochondrial respiration were observed in newborn pig
      hearts in the presence of chloramphenicol. Isolated perfused hearts exposed to
      chloramphenicol (25, 50, or 100 micrograms/ml) demonstrated acute reductions in
      pressure development and cardiac output accompanied by elevated left atrial
      filling pressure. The effects of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol succinate
      (25, 50, 100, or 200 micrograms/ml) on oxidative activity of isolated
      mitochondria were also investigated. With unesterified chloramphenicol,
      inhibition of state 3 respiration was most apparent when glutamate and
      palmitylcarnitine were supplied as substrates. Inhibition of mitochondrial
      oxidation of succinate or glutamate was only detectable at 200 micrograms/ml.
      Inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation was not seen at any concentration of
      antibiotic studied. Chloramphenicol succinate most strongly inhibited state 3
      oxidation of succinate and alpha-ketoglutarate and had relatively mild effects on
      oxidation of glutamate and palmitylcarnitine. Succinate oxidation by
      submitochondrial particles was unaffected by chloramphenicol succinate, a result
      suggesting interference with succinate transport.

PMID- 4031547
TI  - Water-related nosocomial pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1
      and 10.
AB  - Between August 1978 and November 1983, 21 cases of pneumonia caused by Legionella
      pneumophila occurred in the Leiden University Hospital, mainly among
      immunocompromised patients. A new serogroup of L. pneumophila, designated
      serogroup 10 (prototype strain Leiden 1), was isolated from bronchial secretions
      of four patients, and five patients had serological evidence of infection with
      this organism. Nine patients had a culture-confirmed infection with L.
      pneumophila serogroup 1. L. pneumophila serogroups 1 and 10 were also isolated
      from the hot potable water supply in the building to which 19 of the 21 patients
      had been admitted. The isolates of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 from patients and
      the hot potable water were identical in studies with monoclonal antibodies and
      had the same plasmid profiles. These findings provide further evidence that in
      our hospital potable water contaminated with L. pneumophila is a source of
      infection, mainly in immunocompromised patients.

PMID- 4031548
TI  - Vaginal redox potential in bacterial vaginosis (nonspecific vaginitis).
AB  - To explore of the association of bacterial vaginosis with anaerobic bacterial
      growth in the vagina, we measured the redox potential (Eh) at the vaginal
      epithelial surface of women with this syndrome. Among normal women, the value for
      Eh in the vagina ranged from +322 mV to +137 mV (mean, +170 mV); whereas among
      women with bacterial vaginosis, the Eh ranged from +71 mV to as low as -257 mV
      (mean, -92 mV). Following successful treatment of the vaginosis with
      metronidazole, the vaginal Eh increased to a mean of +208 mV. Thus, the low redox
      potential in the vagina during bacterial vaginosis appears to be due to microbial
      metabolism in the vagina and does not represent a persistent host factor
      responsible for the anaerobic vaginal flora. Any host factors responsible for
      bacterial vaginosis remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 4031549
TI  - The effect of placebo and virucidal paper handkerchiefs on viral contamination of
      the hand and transmission of experimental rhinoviral infection.

PMID- 4031550
TI  - Defective reticuloendothelial system Fc-receptor function in patients with
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4031551
TI  - Serum antibodies to heat-labile enterotoxin of Campylobacter jejuni.

PMID- 4031552
TI  - A case of melioidosis in West Africa.

PMID- 4031553
TI  - The role of C5 in experimental murine paracoccidioidomycosis.

PMID- 4031554
TI  - White blood cell counts in patients with Campylobacter-induced diarrhea and in
      controls.

PMID- 4031555
TI  - Serological evidence for simultaneous occurrences of Lyme disease and babesiosis.
AB  - Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of Lyme disease,
      are both transmitted by the tick Ixodes dammini. Serological evidence has shown
      that 54% of the patients with babesiosis tested have IgG and IgM antibodies to
      the spirochete causing Lyme disease. Likewise, 66% of randomly selected patients
      with Lyme disease from geographic areas endemic for both diseases, but not from
      areas where babesiosis does not occur, also have IgM and IgG antibodies to B.
      microti. Antigenic cross-reactivity is not the reason for these findings, as
      laboratory animals experimentally infected with B. microti do not develop
      antibodies to B. burgdorferi, and laboratory animals immunized with organisms
      derived from pure cultures of spirochetes do not develop antibodies to B.
      microti. We suggest that these patients are concurrently exposed to both
      organisms by doubly infected tick vectors.

PMID- 4031556
TI  - Interaction between human monocytes and penicillin G in relation to the
      antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The influence of the presence of monocytes on the effect of penicillin G on
      Staphylococcus aureus was studied. Conditions were varied in such a way that
      phagocytosis and intracellular killing of S. aureus by monocytes did not occur,
      was short lasting and limited, or long lasting and extensive. Synergism between
      penicillin G and monocytes was observed in the absence of and during limited
      phagocytosis and intracellular killing by the monocytes. When phagocytosis and
      intracellular killing were optimal, addition or antagonism between penicillin G
      and monocytes was observed. Enhancement of the antibacterial effect of penicillin
      G was also obtained in the presence of monocyte supernatant (the cell-free medium
      in which monocytes had been incubated for 3 hr). This indicates that monocytes
      secrete a factor that enhances the antibacterial activity of penicillin G. Serum
      inhibits the activity of this factor.

PMID- 4031557
TI  - A point-source outbreak of campylobacteriosis associated with consumption of raw
      milk.
AB  - After a one-day field trip to a Minnesota farm, 22 (45%) of 49 third-grade
      students and three (14%) of 21 adult chaperones developed campylobacteriosis.
      Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from specimens of 13 children and one
      asymptomatic adult. Illness was associated with the consumption of raw milk
      during a picnic lunch (odds ratio = 41.0, P less than .0001) and participation in
      hand milking of cows (odds ratio = 37.5, less than .0001). Two additional
      findings implicated consumption of raw milk as the vehicle for transmission.
      First, the odds ratio for illness among those who drank raw milk and did not milk
      cows was 11.8 (P less than .01), whereas the odds ratio for illness among those
      who milked cows but did not drink raw milk was only 1.2 (P greater than .02).
      Second, there was a dose-response relation between the occurrence of illness and
      the quantity of raw milk consumed (P less than .0001). Neither the median
      incubation period nor duration of illness was related to the amount of milk
      consumed. All persons with a stool culture positive for C. jejuni excreted the
      organism for at least two weeks, but less than six weeks. No secondary cases of
      illness were documented.

PMID- 4031559
TI  - Effect of magnesium on production of toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1 by
      Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 4031558
TI  - Postpartum rubella immunization: association with development of prolonged
      arthritis, neurological sequelae, and chronic rubella viremia.
AB  - Six women developed chronic long-term arthropathy after postpartum immunization
      against rubella. All individuals developed acute polyarticular arthritis within
      12 days to three weeks postimmunization and have had continuing chronic or
      recurrent arthralgia or arthritis for two to seven years after vaccination. Acute
      neurological manifestations, consisting of carpal tunnel syndrome or multiple
      paresthesiae, developed postvaccination in three women. Two have developed
      continuing active or chronic recurrent episodes of blurred vision, paresthesiae,
      and painful limb syndromes together with recurrent joint symptoms. Chronic
      rubella viremia has been detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (MNC)
      populations in five of the six women up to six years after vaccination. In
      addition rubella virus was isolated from breast milk MNCs in one individual at
      nine months postvaccination and from peripheral blood MNCs in two of four breast
      fed infants studied at 12-18 months of age. Immune responses to rubella virus
      studied at sequential intervals after vaccination correlated with development of
      rheumatologic and neurological manifestations.

PMID- 4031560
TI  - Electron microscopy of the bacillus causing cat-scratch disease.

PMID- 4031561
TI  - Probit analysis of data for infection with echovirus-12 should generate a
      straight line.

PMID- 4031562
TI  - Subclinical infections with Boutonneuse fever in western Sicily.

PMID- 4031563
TI  - Reduced uromucoid excretion in the elderly.

PMID- 4031564
TI  - [Studies on the alteration of the unconjugated estriol level of the maternal vein
      after the onset of labor].
AB  - We measured maternal venous unconjugated estriol (UE3) levels in 244 cases (218
      cases with labor and 26 without labor). We investigated the relationships between
      several obstetrical factors and UE3 levels. There was no significant difference
      between the group with labor and the group without labor. However, in multipara,
      the UE3 level fell gradually with prolonged duration of labor. There were
      significant positive correlations between the UE3 levels and birth weights (n =
      82, r = 0.375, p less than 0.001), and placental weights (n = 82, r = 0.381, p
      less than 0.001) in multipara with labor. There was no significant difference
      according to sex between the UE3 levels of a mother carrying a male or female
      fetus. The UE3 levels of fetal distress cases (n = 30, mean +/- S.E. 20.0 +/- 8.6
      ng/ml) were significantly (p less than 0.02) lower than those without fetal
      distress (n = 188, 24.5 +/- 9.7 ng/ml). These data suggest that after the onset
      of labor, maternal venous UE3 has some relationship to feto-placental function.

PMID- 4031566
TI  - [Cytogenetic, morphological and clinical studies on partial hydatidiform moles].
AB  - To establish the clinical management of partial moles, cytogenetic, morphological
      and clinical studies of 57 partial moles, including three twin cases, were
      performed. The karyotypes of the 54 singletons were 46 triploid and eight
      diploid. By examining the genetic markers, two of the diploid moles were proved
      to be derived from normally fertilized conceptuses. Molar tissues from two twin
      cases had a 46,XX karyotype of androgenetic origin, while the normal placenta and
      fetus were derived from normal conceptuses. An embryo (or fetus) (26.9%) or only
      an umbilical cord (9.6%) was found in some triploid and diploid moles. Vessels
      with erythroblasts were also recognized in most cases. In addition, there was a
      positive correlation between cyst formation and gestational length in triploid
      conceptuses. These findings suggest that triploid partial moles are an altered
      form of missed abortion. The mole became invasive in one twin case with an
      androgenetic mole, but the remaining cases had uneventful courses. These results
      indicate that partial moles can be divided into three groups: Triploid, Diploid
      derived from normally fertilized conceptus, Binovular twins with androgenetic
      mole, and that, except for those in group 3, partial moles have no malignant
      potential and require no intensive follow-up.

PMID- 4031565
TI  - [Studies on the management of CIN accompanied by infertility].
AB  - We performed cytological examinations on 863 of the 969 patients (89.3%). In the
      final diagnosis, 4 patients had carcinoma in situ (0.5%) and 1 patient had
      microinvasive carcinoma (0.1%). Therefore, it is important to perform cytological
      examinations on infertility out-patient s, and conduct routine cytological
      examinations when infertility treatment is being continued over long periods. The
      detection rate for the 18 patients who required detailed examination did not
      differ between primary and secondary infertility, or with the period of
      infertility or the factor causing infertility. The follow up after conization
      should be done carefully, and the patient should be encouraged to become pregnant
      as early as possible. Unlike fertile women, in infertile women, conization should
      be performed, even in the case of carcinoma in situ, provided: There is a
      specialist well-experienced in cytology, colposcopy, and histology; the patient
      and family are fully satisfied with the physician's explanation; the physician
      can maintain good contact with the patient and family and continue to provide
      adequate follow up treatment, and the lesion is in the ectocervix, and the whole
      lesion can be removed by conization without leaving intact foci.

PMID- 4031567
TI  - [Studies on the tocogram with bearing-down efforts during labor--analysis of the
      waveform and its clinical significance].
AB  - Together with a recording of external tocogram (Ex. toc.), intra-uterine pressure
      (IUP) and pressure between fetus and birth canal (PFB) were measured
      simultaneously and continuously, in 77 women during labor who were showing
      uterine contraction (UC) with bearing-down efforts (BDE). UC curves with BDE were
      analyzed to detect characteristic features and the sequence of their change in
      the second stage of labor. The following results were obtained. IUP curves were
      able to be classified into three types (Type A, B and C) according to the
      characteristics of the BDE waveform. This means of categorization was also able
      to be applied to the waveforms of PFB and Ex. toc., because those two pressure
      curves were essentially the same as that of IUP. Most of the type A contractions
      were observed early in the second stage of labor, and type B and C made their
      appearance successively. During the period of labor, from the first appearance of
      BDE on UC until the termination of the delivery, the mean frequency of UC with
      BDE was estimated to be 43 times in premiparae (Type A 5.8, Type B 19.7 and Type
      C 15.5 times) and 13 times in multiparae (Type A 2.0, Type B 2.7 and Type C 7.6
      times). 3) Clinical significance from the point of view of parameters was as
      follows. The peak pressure of IUP increased slightly as labor progressed and the
      mean levels were 14.4kPa in Type A, 17.7kPa in Type B and 23.5kPa in Type C,
      respectively. PFB peak pressure, however, remained close to 50kPa in all cases
      irrespective of the type of curve. The mean BDE pressure was about a half the
      mean peak pressure for IUP and PFB respectively. The ratio of the levels of peak
      pressure of PFB and IUP (PFB/IUP ratio) were found to be approximately from 2.04
      to 3.12. By a power spectrum analysis, the maximum levels of power in Type B
      curves were found at both 0.01 Hz and 0.2 Hz. The differential calculus curves
      estimated from IUP with BDE were able to be divided into three types, and the
      maximum value in Type B curves of IUP was 12.8kPa/sec. The IUP levels were
      plotted against those of PFB estimated from UC curves and the curve obtained
      indicated a straight line relationship. The levels of PFB were consistently two
      or three times higher than those of IUP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4031568
TI  - [Establishment of a new human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line, Ishikawa
      cells, containing estrogen and progesterone receptors].
AB  - A new human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line, Ishikawa cells, was established
      from an endometrial adenocarcinoma from a 39-year-old woman and has been
      maintained in vitro for more than 3 years. The cells were found to form a
      monolayer in a mosaic fashion and to tend to pile up. Population doubling time
      was calculated to be about 36, 29 and 27 hours at the 9th, 40th and 50th
      generations, respectively. The modal chromosomal number of the cells fell in a
      diploid range. Histology of the tumor induced in athymic nude mice showed it to
      be a well differentiated adenocarcinoma which closely resembled the original
      human tumor. Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were demonstrated to
      occur not only in the induced tumor in athymic nude mice but also in in vitro
      culture cells. From the fact that the cell growth was maintained in an estrogen
      free medium, it appeared that the cells had no estrogen dependency.

PMID- 4031569
TI  - [Studies on a cell sampling method in mass screening for uterine cervical cancer-
      comparison of data obtained with a cotton tipped applicator, wooden spatula and
      cotton tipped applicator plus colposcopy].
AB  - In mass screening tests for uterine cancer carried out Shimane Prefecture, we
      used three different scraping methods. This summary is a report of a comparison
      of the findings with each method. Results are as follows: From 1973-1982, 214,
      798 Japanese women were examined in mass screening tests. Among the 42, 443
      examined using a cotton tipped applicator, there were 15 (0.035%) with mild
      dysplasia, 8 (0.019%) with severe dysplasia, 6 (0.014%) with carcinoma in situ
      and 8 (0.019%) with invasive carcinoma. In 38,106 women examined using the
      spatula, 25 (0.066%) had a mild dysplasia, 10 (0.026%) a severe dysplasia, 18
      (0.047%) a carcinoma in situ and 26 (0.068%) an invasive carcinoma. In 134,249
      examined using a cotton tipped applicator plus colposcopy, 283 (0.211%) had a
      mild dysplasia 108 (0.080%) a severe dysplasia, 57 (0.042%) a carcinoma in situ
      and 78 (0.058%) an invasive carcinoma. Thus, the use of a cotton tipped
      applicator plus colposcopy leads to higher rates of detection of mild and severe
      dysplasia. In the group with a negative Papanicolaou smear and for whom the
      cotton tipped applicator plus colposcopy was used, there were 214 with a mild
      dysplasia, 65 with a severe dysplasia, 11 with a carcinoma in situ and 7 with an
      invasive carcinoma. The combination of cotton tipped applicator and colposcopy
      proved to be the most effective for mass screenings for uterine cancer, as the
      detection rates for severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ were higher and there
      were fewer incidences of false negative results.

PMID- 4031570
TI  - [Studies on hyperthermia and radiation treatment of uterine cancer using
      multicellular tumor spheroid].
AB  - Anticancer effects of hyperthermia and radiation on uterine cancer cells were
      studied using multicellular tumor spheroids and monolayer cultured cells. Cell
      lines used were SKG-3a(uterine cervical epidermoid carcinoma), HeLa-S3 (uterine
      cervical adenocarcinoma) and HEC-59 (uterine corpus adenocarcinoma). All cell
      lines grown in monolayer culture have similar growth rates, but as spheroids,
      their growth rate are HeLa-S3 greater than HEC-59 greater than SKG-3a cells. The
      radiosensitivity of all cell lines in monolayer are as follows according to dose
      survival relationships. :HEC-59 greater than HeLa-S3 greater than SKG-3a cells.
      Survival assay to hyperthermia on SKG-3a and HEC-59 cells resulted in no response
      from 37 degrees to 41 degrees C and in cytotoxicity over 42 degrees C. There is
      no difference in sensitivity to hyperthermia between the two types of cells. The
      responses of three cell lines grown as spheroids in hyperthermia and radiation
      demonstrated that the combination therapy is not effective on the SKG-3a cell,
      but induced a 1.3-fold effectiveness ratio in HEC-59 and 1.6-fold in HeLa-S3
      cells, i.e. more cytotoxicity than with radiation alone. These results suggests
      that hyperthermia and radiation employed together may be more effective on
      radioresistant adenocarcinoma cells than on radiosensitive epidermoid carcinoma
      cells.

PMID- 4031571
TI  - [Studies on a handheld computer system for perinatal care].
AB  - The present paper demonstrates a handheld computer system for use in perinatal
      care. The features of the system are as follows: The gestational age and fetal
      body weight were determined by analyzing the data from ultrasonography with the
      high-order regressive equation. The combined use of the linear regressive
      equation and Ott's equation was more useful in precisely calculating the fetal
      abdominal circumference. In order to decrease input error, attempts were made to
      minimize key-operations for data-entry. The use of the screen edition system also
      made it easier to correct input error. It was concluded that this system was
      practical and easy to handle, and would be a useful aid in clinical care.

PMID- 4031572
TI  - [On the effect of an oocyte factor on the formation of cumulus oophorus in human
      antral follicles].
AB  - The possible existence of a granulosa cell growth factor (GGF) in the oocyte was
      investigated by using the mitotic index (%) of granulosa cells (GC) in human
      antral follicles. 50 follicles (0.4-13 mm in diameter) in 35 ovaries obtained
      from 35 women were used for the experiments. In each follicle, GC were divided
      into two groups, cumulus and mural GC, according to the distance from the oocyte.
      The following results were obtained: The Mitotic Index (MI) of cumulus GC was 8.2
      +/- 0.5 (M +/- SE) and was two fold higher than that of mural GC, 4.7 +/- 0.4 (p
      less than 0.001). As follicles developed, MI of mural GC increased until their
      diameter reached 3mm but beyond 3mm, MI decreased. On the other hand, there was
      little relationship between MI of cumulus GC and the follicular size, and MI was
      constantly high in value. MI of both cumulus and mural GC was higher in the late
      follicular phase than in other phases of the cycle. These results suggest that
      the proliferation of GC in growing follicle might be regulated by some unknown
      substance (GGF) secreted from the oocyte as well as the endocrinological
      environment. It is also suggested that the presence of the oocyte plays a crucial
      role in the cumulus oophorus formation in the antral follicles.

PMID- 4031573
TI  - [A study on factors influencing survival in stage I ovarian cancer].
AB  - Early diagnosis is difficult in ovarian cancer and the prognosis is unfavorable
      even in stage I case. A total of 131 cases with stage I ovarian carcinoma were
      treated at our institution, 73 were stage Ia, 13 were stage Ib, 45 were stage Ic
      and 39 were LPM. To define the criteria for selection of therapy, we
      retrospectively reviewed the stage I ovarian cancer. The results were as follows:
      The best survival rate was demonstrated in 96% of LPM cases followed by 73% of
      endometrioid adeno-carcinoma. Cases with rupture of capsule and with ascites at
      surgery influenced the 5 year survival rate. We observed no difference in
      survival rate between the conservative operation (unilateral salpingo
      oophorectomy) group and the complete operation (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
      and total hysterectomy) group. Those who had received postoperative chemotherapy
      showed the longest survival rate of 86%. Evaluation of deaths; 9 of 21 with stage
      Ic died within 12 months after surgery, and 4 of 7 with stage Iai between 1 and 3
      years. The analysis has shown the importance of adequate postoperative treatment
      and of strict follow-up to guard against recurrence of malignancy in patients
      with ruptured tumor capsules as well as in those with ascites.

PMID- 4031574
TI  - [The morphology of sensory corpuscles in the joint capsule--ultrastructural and
      histochemical study].
AB  - Sensory corpuscles in the cat elbow joint were observed by light and electron
      microscopy. Two types of corpuscles were identified, i.e. Pacini-type and Ruffini
      type corpuscles. Silver impregnation revealed a single straight axon terminal in
      Pacini-type and highly-ramified fine axons in Ruffini-type corpuscles. Pacini
      type corpuscles, 100-200 microns long and 30 microns wide, consisted of dense
      lamellae of lamellar cells and thick capsule. The lamellar portion contained a
      centrally-located axon terminal, and was similar in organization to the inner
      core of the typical Pacini corpuscle. The capsule was the continuation of
      perineurial sheath. This corpuscle was devoid of outer core structure as seen in
      a typical Pacini corpuscle. Ruffini-type corpuscles, 50-150 microns long and 25
      50 microns wide, had the branched axon terminals with varicosities under the
      incomplete capsule. Axons, which were surrounded by thin Schwann cell processes,
      were embedded in the dense layers of collagen fibrils. The interior of the
      corpuscle was separated into small compartments by cell processes extended from
      the capsule. The axon varicosities contained numerous mitochondria. These fine
      structures of the corpuscles were similar to those of Ruffini corpuscles reported
      so far in other regions. Both Pacini-type and Ruffini-type corpuscles were
      clearly demonstrated by histochemistry for ChE. Inasmuch as the staining feature
      of corpuscles was different from each other, the distribution pattern of
      corpuscles in the joint capsules could be obtained by examining semi-serial
      sections. Pacini-type corpuscles were mainly found in the synovial layer, while
      Ruffini-type corpuscles were mainly located in the fibrous layer of the joint
      capsule. Both types of corpuscles were located near the median nerve on the
      flexor side of the joint. The reaction products of ChE activity were located in
      the peri-axonal as well as inter-lamellar spaces of Pacini-type corpuscles, and
      in the peri-axonal region as well as around Schwann cell processes of Ruffini
      type corpuscles. No definite reaction product was found within axon terminals.
      Some reaction products were also found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and/or
      nuclear envelope, suggesting that ChE is synthesized by Schwann cells. The
      significance of these sensory corpuscles with regard to the deep sensation in the
      joint capsule was discussed from the point of view of the electro-physiological
      characteristics of the corpuscles.

PMID- 4031575
TI  - [Bone changes with long term administration of low dose 1-34 human PTH on adult
      beagles].
AB  - It has been suggested that prolonged administration of low dose PTH could exert
      an anabolic effect on the bone. The effects of near-physiological dose of PTH
      injection on trabecular and cortical bones were studied in normal young adult
      beagles. Twelve 18 month-old male beagle dogs were equally divided into 4 groups
      by body weight. The 1st group serving as the control was subcutaneously injected
      with 1 ml of normal saline, and the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th groups were also
      subcutaneously injected with 1.25, 5.0, 20.0 unit/kg/day of synthetic 1-34 human
      PTH respectively everyday for 15 weeks. Then, over the following 8 weeks,
      administration of all vehicle and drugs was withdrawn. After double bone
      labeling, iliac bone and rib biopsies were taken before and after the drug
      administration and after the withdrawal. The effects were evaluated with blood
      chemical and hormonal analysis and bone histomorphometry. No significant changes
      were noted in serum Ca, P, PTH, calcitonin and 1,25 (OH)2 vit.D levels and A1-P
      activities with some exceptions. Bone histomorphometry on trabecular bone showed
      remarkable and statistically significant elevation of formation surface, active
      formation surface, mineral appositional rate, labeled surface and bone formation
      rate. On the other hand, bone resorption rate and some other resorption
      parameters showed a significant elevation but trabecular bone volume showed no
      significant increase. In cortical bone, the bone dynamics were essentially equal
      to trabecular bone. But by the increase of bone turnover rate, cortical porosity
      rate increased. After withdrawal of drug administration, the bone turnover rate
      went down and a rate of cortical porosity returned to normal level. From these
      results it was postulated that PTH was effective in activating low remodeling of
      the skeleton.

PMID- 4031576
TI  - [Experimental study of hypertrophy of the femoral head--with special reference to
      the effects of the surgical procedure on the hip joint].
AB  - This experimental study was performed to clarify how a surgical procedure to the
      hip joint causes hypertrophy of the femoral head. Young rabbits were used for
      this experiment. The following results were obtained. In the rabbits with
      sectioned ligamentum teres, some cases showed complete dislocation on X-ray. The
      incidence of the hypertrophy of the femoral head was very low in this group.
      Except in these rabbits with dislocation, the hypertrophy of the femoral head
      appeared in any group subjected to surgical procedure, and at especially high
      rates in those subjected to the section of ligamentum teres and/or edge resection
      of acetabular cartilage. In the cases in which the edge of the acetabular
      cartilage was resected, and in other cases of surgical procedure as well,
      acetabular dysplasia often resulted. In these cases the hypertrophy of the
      femoral head was observed more frequently than in others. In summary, surgical
      procedure to the hip joint and postoperative abnormal stress to the femoral head
      contribute to the development of the hypertrophy of the femoral head especially
      in the cases in which acetabular factors are not negligible.

PMID- 4031577
TI  - [The sagittal curvature of spine in idiopathic scoliosis--its morphological
      features and the correlation among sagittal and frontal curvatures and rotation
      of apical vertebra].
AB  - The change in sagittal curvature especially in thoracic kyphosis of idiopathic
      scoliosis patients, was analyzed and discussed. Those patients who had scoliotic
      deformity with typical vertebral rotation only in thoracic spine (ST group),
      showed significant decrease compared to normal person in thoracic kyphosis, but
      no difference in lumbar lordosis. Those suffering from scoliotic deformities with
      typical vertebral rotation in thoracic and lumbar spine showed a significant
      decrease in thoracic kyphosis and an increase in lumbar lordosis. However those
      changes in sagittal curvature were not found in FT group patients, who had
      scoliotic deformity without vertebral rotation. In conclusion, it is not the
      frontal curvature but the vertebral rotation which influenced the sagittal
      curvature of spine in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

PMID- 4031578
TI  - [A roentgenographical study on the aging process of alignment of the lower
      extremities in children--with special reference to pain in the lower extremity].
AB  - To date, detailed reports are not available in large number concerning the
      alignment of lower extremities of children. Moreover, those already published are
      primarily concerned only with normal children, failing to make a sound comparison
      of lower extremity alignment between normal children and children with complaints
      about lower extremity alignment. Following is the summary of extensive research
      the author has done by comparing statistical data obtained--such as measurements
      of condylar distance, malleolar distance, and alignments of lower extremities-
      from 269 cases of normal children (538 lower extremities), from 2 years to 15
      years, and 173 cases of children with pain (215 lower extremities), from 3 years
      to 15 years. Most of the children aged five years and older, whose main complaint
      is pain in their lower extremities, were found to show significant variations in
      the alignment of their lower extremities and were compared to normal children.
      When the intercondylar distance is greater than 10 mm, it is imperative to
      carefully investigate the alignment of the patient's lower extremities, because
      the pain is almost always found due to the malalignment. Bow legs and knock knees
      are not only deformity but also frequently accompanied by pain. Therefore, Lanz's
      method is most useful to evaluate bow legs and knock knees.

PMID- 4031579
TI  - [Biomechanical studies of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle using
      amputated limbs].
AB  - In order to study the biomechanical behavior of the lateral ligaments around the
      ankle joint, strains on the anterior talofibular and the calcaneofibular
      ligaments were measured under adduction and supination loads. The amount of
      anterior shift of the talus was also examined under anterior "drawer" force.
      Specially designed omega-shaped transducers and jig sets to hold a leg and to
      give various loads to the foot were used for the experiments. Twenty human
      cadaver specimens of various ages were subjected for the study. The results
      showed the importance of not only the anterior talofibular ligament but also the
      calcaneofibular ligament as the stabilizer of the ankle joint and that the
      calcaneofibular ligament plays an important role in adduction, and the anterior
      talofibular ligament in both adduction and supination. Transection studies of the
      ligaments revealed that the calcaneofibular ligament is responsible to some
      extent for producing positive anterior drawer sign for which, as hitherto
      considered, the anterior talofibular ligament is the main factor.

PMID- 4031580
TI  - [The role of protein and hyaluronic acid in the synovial fluid in animal joint
      lubrication].
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to study the role of protein and hyaluronic
      acid of synovial fluid in the animal joint lubrication. The D-fraction (0.2
      micron up to 0.8 micron) from the bovine synovial fluid showed the lowest
      friction coefficient and contained about 20% protein and 70% hyaluronic acid of
      the synovial fluid. Protein but not hyaluronic acid of this fraction had
      lubricating ability, and the protein but not hyaluronic acid could support the
      lubricating film thickness. By electron microscopic observation hyaluronic acid
      was 2,000A-5,000A formless mass and the protein complex that had lubricating
      ability was 200A-300A spherical particle. Through these results I presume that
      hyaluronic acid enclose the spherical protein particles in its network like a
      cage of the roller-bearing and the particles can rotate freely like rolling
      elements of the roller-bearing. It was suggested that the roller-bearing
      mechanism was performed along with elastohydrodynamic lubrication in animal
      joint.

PMID- 4031581
TI  - [Influence of intraarticular continuous perfusion of physiological saline on
      chondrocytes].
AB  - Physiological saline, which is generally used in arthroscopic examination and
      operation, is not physiological in the synovial joints. This paper discusses
      metabolic changes in the articular cartilage following continuous intraarticular
      perfusion with physiological saline, in comparison with in vitro findings. Fourty
      rabbits weighing approximately 3 kg were intraarticularly and continuously
      perfused with saline at a rate of 250 ml/hour. Articular cartilage of the femoral
      condyle was collected for measurement of 35SO4 radioactivity by liquid
      scintillation spectrometry. Incorporation of 35SO4 showed increment in perfused
      articular cartilage as compared with the controls after one hour. Namely,
      glycosaminoglycan synthesis of chondrocytes was accelerated temporarily by
      continuous perfusion of saline, and it was recovered twenty-four hours after
      perfusion. In addition, histological and biomechanical test showed no remarkable
      changes. But, these effects will be expanded by the presence of degenerated
      articular cartilage. Continuous perfusion of physiological saline changes the
      physiological circumstance for articular cartilage, and influences on the
      chondrocytes' metabolism temporarily.

PMID- 4031582
TI  - [The effect of aging on blood pressure and hemodynamic parameters in 1650 cases
      of systolic and diastolic hypertension].

PMID- 4031583
TI  - [Echocardiographic study on morphological abnormalities of the tricuspid valve in
      relation to the development of tricuspid regurgitation].

PMID- 4031584
TI  - [Effects of sublingual nifedipine on hemodynamic responses to exercise in
      patients with myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4031585
TI  - [Three cases of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy associated with marked
      hypocomplementemia].

PMID- 4031587
TI  - [Kearns-Shy syndrome associated with choreic movement, primary hypogonadism, and
      brain CT abnormalities].

PMID- 4031586
TI  - [A case of adenocarcinoma complicating Barrett's esophagus].

PMID- 4031588
TI  - [A case of paragonimiasis miyazakii appearing with bilateral pneumothorax,
      effusion and alternating chest pain--a review of 82 cases reported in Japan].

PMID- 4031589
TI  - [A case of Cushing's disease associated with glucocorticoid resistance].

PMID- 4031590
TI  - Tourniquet pressure: the effect of limb circumference and systolic blood
      pressure.
AB  - Complications attributable to direct pressure may result from the use of
      pneumatic tourniquets during surgical procedures. Traditional estimates have
      determined the pressures employed rather than the minimal pressure necessary to
      produce a bloodless field. To determine this pressure, pre-operative and post
      operative systolic blood pressures and the tourniquet pressure at which capillary
      bleeding occurred were measured in a group of patients undergoing elective
      surgery of the upper and lower limbs. From these results two equations were
      derived, one for each of the upper and lower limbs, which give the minimum
      tourniquet pressures to produce bloodless fields. In an average sized,
      normotensive patient, 200mm Hg was found to be adequate for the upper limb and
      250mm Hg for the lower limb.

PMID- 4031591
TI  - Effects of regional intravenous guanethidine block in posttraumatic cold
      intolerance in hand amputees.
AB  - In twenty-four patients with intolerance to cold after partial or complete finger
      amputations, lower skin temperature together with cold and vibration allodynia
      (allodynia = pain due to a non-noxious stimulus to neural skin) were found in the
      cold intolerant area compared with the corresponding area in the uninjured hand.
      When treated with regional intravenous guanethidine block nine patients became
      free from symptoms for up to twelve weeks, which is longer than would be expected
      from the duration of the known pharmacological effects of guanethidine. The
      patients had several features in common with reflex sympathetic dystrophies, and
      we suggest that neurogenic rather than vascular disturbances are mainly involved
      in the post-traumatic cold intolerance syndrome.

PMID- 4031592
TI  - Venous occlusion plethysmography in patients with cold related symptoms after
      digital salvage procedures.
AB  - Fourteen patients who had undergone microsurgical salvage of one or more digits
      were interviewed and examined. An assessment of sensitivity to cold is defined as
      cold intolerance and correlated with nerve function and arterial inflow measured
      by venous occlusion plethysmography. No relationship between arterial inflow and
      cold intolerance nor nerve function was found. There was, however a tendency for
      worsening cold intolerance to be associated with poorer nerve function. Half the
      salvaged digits had arterial inflow greater than the contralateral control digit.

PMID- 4031593
TI  - Pattern of contracture and recovery following ischaemia of the upper limb.
AB  - 196 cases of Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture of the upper limb with well
      established ischaemia are presented. In all cases tight external circumferential
      splintage was the primary factor. 59.2% of these patients had been initially
      treated by "bone setters". 54.6% had fractures of the forearm; supracondylar
      fracture of the humerus was seen in 10.7% and 17.9% had no evidence of bone or
      joint injury. Different patterns of ischaemic contractures are recognised and the
      severity of the contracture is found to be related to the extent of paralysis.
      Sensory recovery occurs in a proximodistal direction even following total
      ischaemia and degeneration of the nerve. Motor recovery, however, does not seem
      to take place. Sensory recovery in the forearm proceeds rapidly in the first six
      months; thereafter it is less significant. However, the sensory recovery in the
      hand is significant only after more than twelve months. Since sensory recovery
      occurs even after total ischaemic degeneration of the nerve it is postulated that
      such nerves recover and regenerate in course of time.

PMID- 4031595
TI  - Anatomical study of the ulnar nerve in the hand.
AB  - This anatomical study is based on the dissection of fifty adult hands. The
      classic configuration of the ulnar nerve was found in thirty-nine cases out of
      fifty, and in eleven cases there were variations with respect to division. The
      levels of division of the different branches were precisely determined by an
      analysis of variations in the areas of muscular innervation.

PMID- 4031594
TI  - Intersynovial communication between the tendon sheaths of the extensor pollicis
      longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis muscles.
AB  - A communication was found between the synovial sheaths of the extensor pollicis
      longus and the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendons. The opening was at the
      level of the proximal row of carpal bones and permits passage of synovial fluid
      between the sheaths of these muscles.

PMID- 4031596
TI  - Subtotal reconstruction of the thumb by transposition of index finger.
AB  - A case of subtotal reconstruction of the thumb is described. The reconstruction
      was carried out as a staged procedure with an intact index finger transposition,
      followed by opposition transfer using the abductor digiti quinti muscle after
      three weeks. Twenty-eight months postoperatively, power grip and precision grip
      were restored despite destruction of the thenar muscles.

PMID- 4031597
TI  - The osteocutaneous pedicle forearm flap.
AB  - Two patients treated by an osteocutaneous radial island flap with retrograde
      blood flow are described. Rotation of the flap and its distal vascular pedicle by
      nearly 180 degrees caused no impairment of the arterial flow, but it may
      interfere with the venous return through the radial veins, as observed in one of
      our cases. Therefore, it is safer to include in the skin flap an additional vein,
      suturing it to a superficial vein in the recipient zone, thus ensuring normal
      venous flow to the flap as well. The purpose of this paper is to present two
      patients treated by the use of an osteocutaneous radial artery forearm flap.

PMID- 4031598
TI  - Sensitivity following volar V-Y plasty for fingertip amputations.
AB  - The volar V-Y plasty is a well accepted method of management for transverse
      fingertip amputations. It has been suggested by some authors and assumed by some
      surgeons that fingertip sensation is nearly normal following the procedure.
      Sixteen patients with twenty fingertip injuries in our series reported an average
      estimate of sensitivity of 73% of normal. There was diminished sensation to
      testing by two-point discrimination and/or von Frey monofilament testing in all
      fingertips when compared to the contralateral digit. Eight patients (twelve
      fingertips) reported hypersensitivity, particularly cryalgia. We conclude that
      sensation is not normal in almost all fingertips treated by V-Y plasty for
      transverse amputations.

PMID- 4031599
TI  - The triradiate incision.

PMID- 4031600
TI  - Closed rupture of flexor profundus tendon in the palm.
AB  - Closed ruptures of flexor tendons are rare. Most of them are associated with some
      underlying pathology. This is a case report of closed rupture of FDP tendon to
      the little finger in the palm at the level of the lumbrical origin. After
      extensive search of literature we could not find a similar case.

PMID- 4031601
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis at the base of the thumb treated by trapezium resection or
      implant arthroplasty.
AB  - A clinical review is presented of patients with disabling rheumatoid arthritis at
      the base of the thumb treated by resection of the trapezium or by implant
      arthroplasty. Both methods resulted in good relief of pain, and the patients
      experienced better hand function. There were no great differences in results
      between the two methods.

PMID- 4031602
TI  - Salvage of the destroyed wrist.
AB  - Two cases of complex limb threatening destruction of the wrist region and their
      reconstruction are described. The role of external fixation and composite
      vascular grafts in controlling infection and achieving bony union is outlined.

PMID- 4031603
TI  - Swanson silastic wrist arthroplasty. A retrospective study of fifteen cases.
AB  - A retrospective study of fifteen Swanson silastic wrist replacements for
      rheumatoid arthritis (fourteen cases) and osteoarthritis (one case), with a mean
      follow up period of 28.3 months showed an increase in function in fourteen cases
      and no change in one case. An increase in range of movement was present in six
      cases, with no change in seven. Pain was improved in fourteen cases and unchanged
      in one case. Grip strength was improved or unchanged in twelve cases. There were
      two cases of prosthesis fracture.

PMID- 4031604
TI  - The relationship of the double crush to carpal tunnel syndrome (an analysis of
      1,000 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome).
AB  - In this series of 1,000 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome (888 patients) there is a
      statistically significant incidence of bilaterality in patients with cervical
      arthritis. There is also a statistically significant increase in the incidence of
      diabetes mellitus over the general population. These findings lend further
      support to Upton's Double Crush hypothesis. Further, the double crush syndrome
      predisposes to bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and may be an important
      prognostic factor. It may also be an explanation for some of the failures
      following carpal tunnel surgery and lead surgeons to look for other associated
      systemic diseases or mechanical blocks, when attempting to alleviate recalcitrant
      symptoms.

PMID- 4031606
TI  - An experimental study of instability during supination and pronation of the
      fractured scaphoid.
AB  - Rotatory instability of scaphoid fractures was studied by a method not used
      previously. On two fresh specimens the scaphoid bone was fractured by osteotomy,
      and the fracture was fixed by a Hoffmann apparatus extending from the distal
      radius to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals. This permits free rotation in the
      forearm. The scaphoid fragments were marked by Kirschner wires. No movement
      occurred between the fragments when supination/pronation was kept within the
      normal range of movement.

PMID- 4031605
TI  - Fractures of the hook of the hamate.
AB  - Fractures of the hook of the hamate are rare injuries. Six new cases are
      presented; the most usual mechanism is probably a direct blow to the area of the
      hook. The diagnosis, which can only be made by special roentgenographic
      techniques is usually missed at the acute phase. Most of the cases are diagnosed
      when painful non-union, fraying tendinitis of the flexor tendons to the ulnar
      fingers, ulnar or median nerve deficits appear. The adequate treatment is usually
      excision of the hook fragment.

PMID- 4031607
TI  - Treatment of scaphoid nonunion by volar inlay distal radius bone graft.
AB  - Volar inlay corticocancellous bone grafting is an accepted method of treatment
      for symptomatic nonunion of the carpal scaphoid. Performance of this procedure
      with a radial graft without styloidectomy yields results comparable to those
      obtained with iliac grafting. This permits the operation to be performed through
      a single incision. The elimination of the need for iliac dissection avoids
      morbidity associated with the iliac exposure.

PMID- 4031609
TI  - Fractures of the trapezium. A report on three cases.

PMID- 4031608
TI  - Replacement of the proximal portion of the scaphoid with spherical implant for
      post-traumatic carporadial arthritis.
AB  - Nineteen spherical prosthetic replacements have been performed in eighteen non
      service patients for osteonecrosis of the proximal scaphoid--with carporadial
      arthritis. One period of observation postoperative was for seven weeks only. Two
      procedures failed in the same patient. The patient with Preiser's disease is too
      recent to permit definitive conclusions on follow-up. Each of the other fifteen
      patients followed for an acceptable period are considered to have a good or
      satisfactory result.

PMID- 4031610
TI  - Irreducible dislocation of the distal interphalangeal joint.

PMID- 4031611
TI  - Compound dislocations of four metacarpophalangeal joints.
AB  - A case of compound dorsal dislocation of four metacarpophalangeal joints is
      presented. The use of early joint motion and extension block splinting resulted
      in an excellent range of motion in this uncommon injury.

PMID- 4031612
TI  - Nerve tumours in the upper limb. A clinical review.
AB  - Tumours arising from the peripheral nerves in the upper limb are rare. This paper
      reviews eighteen such cases and the clinical outcome. Problems of pre-operative
      diagnosis are emphasized.

PMID- 4031613
TI  - Lymphangiosarcoma of the hand arising in a pre-existing non-irradiated
      lymphangioma.
AB  - Lymphangioma is an uncommon lesion which is widely believed not to undergo
      malignant change. Lymphangiosarcoma is even rarer and most of the cases reported
      in the literature were encountered in the setting of chronic lymphoedema,
      although occasional cases have been reported in irradiated lymphangiomata. This
      brief communication describes a case of multifocal lymphangiosarcoma arising in a
      non-irradiated, long standing lymphangioma of the hand. To our knowledge no
      similar case has been reported previously in the English literature, which is
      briefly reviewed.

PMID- 4031614
TI  - Congenital anomalies of the little finger.
AB  - Clinical features of congenital hypoplastic and extension contractures of the
      little finger were studied. There are eight groups. Characteristic features of
      each group are described. Each type has distinguishable clinical features in
      typical cases, but in some cases the condition of shortening of the phalanges and
      narrowing of the joint space is not clear.

PMID- 4031615
TI  - Dysplasia epiphysialis hemimelica an unusual case of macrodactyly of the thumb.

PMID- 4031616
TI  - Congenital absence of the scaphoid in the "VATER" association.
AB  - A rare carpal anomaly is reported in a patient with multiple congenital
      abnormalities. A literature search reveals few such cases, but a characteristic
      clinical picture emerges. Patients with this deformity should be carefully
      examined to exclude other congenital abnormalities.

PMID- 4031617
TI  - Problems in rheumatoid wrist fusion.

PMID- 4031618
TI  - The occult dorsal carpal ganglion.
AB  - Chronic wrist pain has many causes, the diagnosis of which is often difficult.
      Clinical and anatomical research in this area has replaced the diagnosis of
      "wrist sprain" with a differential diagnosis including carpal chondromalacia,
      dynamic carpal instability, positive and negative ulnar variance, triangular
      fibrocartilage complex injuries, and early carpal avascular necrosis. The
      ubiquitous dorsal ganglion can also cause chronic wrist discomfort and the
      diagnosis of "occult dorsal carpal ganglion" should be included in the
      differential diagnosis. Nine patients with chronic wrist pain were diagnosed
      clinically as having an occult dorsal carpal ganglion despite the absence of a
      palpable mass. Each was treated by limited dorsal capsulectomy with excision of a
      small portion of the dorsal scapho-lunate ligament, and small intracapsular
      ganglia and/or cystic mucinous degeneration of the capsule were found in all nine
      patients. Of the eight patients available for follow-up examination, the
      preoperative pain was relieved in seven of the eight and no recurrences were
      noted at follow-up averaging six months.

PMID- 4031619
TI  - Pseudogout of the wrist presenting as acute median nerve compression.
AB  - Two cases are reported of acute median nerve compression due to calcium
      pyrophosphate deposition in the wrist, masquerading as a septic condition. There
      have been recent reports in the literature of the effects of calcium
      pyrophosphate in joints of the upper limb (Resnick 1983 and Hensley, 1983) These
      conditions are uncommon and the presentation and initial symptomatology of our
      case led in the first patient to misdiagnosis and an unnecessary operation, which
      was avoided in the second case.

PMID- 4031620
TI  - Acute calcification in the fingers.
AB  - A patient with acute calcification of the proximal interphalangeal joint is
      presented to emphasize its importance in the differential diagnosis of acute
      infection in the finger. The diagnosis is made both clinically and by x-ray. The
      calcification may not be seen on standard views and oblique views may be
      necessary. Treatment is conservative by immobilisation and the injection of local
      anaesthetic.

PMID- 4031621
TI  - An unusual hand infection in a child--remember herpes!

PMID- 4031622
TI  - Preliminary report on a new technique to aid diagnosis of some disorders found in
      hands.
AB  - This preliminary report proposes to show that an objective auscultatory method
      exists as an aid to diagnosis of some hand conditions. The signals so produced
      are both distinctive and reproducible. The conditions investigated were:-
      Cavitation finger clicks; Trigger finger; normal crepitus and the crepitus of de
      Quervain's tenosynovitis.

PMID- 4031623
TI  - An arm elevating dressing.
AB  - An essential aspect of management of upper limb trauma (including burns),
      infection, and surgery, is elevation to reduce tissue swelling and to rest the
      injured part. Surgeons dealing with upper limb pathology each have their own
      method of elevating the arm. I wish to describe a type of arm elevating support
      which is used primarily for elevation of the upper limb postoperatively, but can
      be used as a sling in the ambulant patient.

PMID- 4031624
TI  - Skin hook: the Brown-Burr modification of the Gillies single hook skin retractor.

PMID- 4031626
TI  - Ulnar tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 4031625
TI  - Severe mincer injuries.

PMID- 4031627
TI  - Dupuytren's contracture which resolved following a traumatic incident.

PMID- 4031628
TI  - Exercise-induced hypercalcemia and the calciotropic hormones.
AB  - Sixteen healthy male volunteers exercised on a bicycle ergometer starting at 40%
      Vo2max and progressing at 5-minute intervals up to 75% Vo2max over a 20-minute
      period. Blood was drawn from an indwelling venous catheter at baseline, at 5
      minutes through 20 minutes, and at 10 and 20 minutes after the exercise was
      ended. Significant increases (which returned toward baseline in the rest period)
      were observed during the exercise period in total calcium and calcium ion
      activity, phosphate, potassium, magnesium, albumin, and lactic acid levels.
      Plasma volume (based on hematocrit value) decreased during the exercise period.
      Serum parathyroid hormone levels decreased and calcitonin levels increased at the
      early period of the short-term exercise. Although hemoconcentration was of
      sufficient magnitude to explain the change in calcium ion activity, the increase
      in potassium and phosphate were caused in part by additional factors.

PMID- 4031629
TI  - Activated charcoal in theophylline intoxication.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that orally administered activated charcoal alters the
      elimination kinetics of intravenously administered theophylline, six dogs were
      twice infused with theophylline, 28 mg/kg, over 20 minutes 1 week apart. In a
      random sequence separated by 1 week, they received either activated charcoal, 30
      gm in a water suspension or water only through a nasogastric tube every 2 hours
      after theophylline infusion, for a total of four doses. The time needed for
      plasma levels to fall below 20 mg/L was approximately 5 hours regardless of
      charcoal treatment. However, activated charcoal decreased theophylline halflife
      from 4.02 to 2.76 hours and volume of distribution from 0.72 to 0.61 L/kg. We
      conclude that although activated charcoal hastened the elimination of
      theophylline in dogs, the usefulness of orally administered activated charcoal in
      the treatment of theophylline overdose may be limited by the inability to shorten
      the time during which plasma levels are toxic.

PMID- 4031630
TI  - Parallel induction of IgE-mediated Ascaris antigen airway responses and increased
      carbachol airway reactivity in rhesus monkeys by infection with Ascaris suum.
AB  - In continuation of studies of four rhesus monkeys infected with Ascaris suum (J
      Lab Clin Med 101:864-872, 1983), we report the duration of IgE-mediated skin
      reactivity and airway responses to Ascaris antigen from 15 weeks to longer than
      2.8 years. A second group of four rhesus monkeys was infected with A. suum ova
      after determination of the threshold of airway reactivity to carbachol.
      Evaluation of these animals confirmed the initial results of the first group of
      animals studied in relation to induction of skin and airway reactivity to Ascaris
      antigen. In addition, all animals developed increased airway reactivity,
      demonstrated by increased reactivity to lower concentrations of carbachol. We
      report this as a demonstration of induced IgE-mediated antigen airway
      responsiveness accompanied by induction of increased airway reactivity in a
      primate model. The increased airway reactivity does not appear related to the
      induction of IgE antibody.

PMID- 4031631
TI  - Pneumococcus-induced thrombocytopenia in rabbits.
AB  - Thrombocytopenia without other hemostatic changes is the most common coagulopathy
      associated with sepsis. We studied pneumococcus (PNC)-induced hemostatic changes,
      including thrombocytopenia, in rabbits. Nonviable PNC or saline solution was
      injected into rabbits preinfused with chromium 51-labeled platelets or iodine 125
      fibrinogen. Blood was serially obtained for determination of platelet counts,
      51Cr activity or 125I activity, and fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products.
      Lung, liver, and spleen tissues were counted for 51Cr or 125I activities per gram
      of wet tissue. PNC-challenged animals displayed profound thrombocytopenia from
      0.5 to 48 hours with the mean nadir (-80% relative to the baseline) at 3 hours
      and a significantly (P less than 0.025) shortened 51Cr-platelet survival of 1.45
      +/- 0.71 days vs. 2.72 +/- 1.09 days for saline-injected controls. Circulating
      fibrinogen level increased, whereas 125I-fibrinogen survival was unchanged (2.6
      +/- 0.5 days in PNC-challenged vs. 2.8 +/- 1.0 days in saline-injected). No
      increased tissue deposition of either 51Cr-labeled platelets or 125I-fibrinogen
      was found. Rabbits infused with either serum, plasma, or saline solution after
      each was incubated with PNC all developed significant thrombocytopenia of less
      than 1 hour duration with maximal mean decreases relative to the baseline of -76%
      (P less than 0.001), -65% (P less than 0.0005), and -84% (P less than 0.0005),
      respectively. Inactivation of serum or plasma complement before PNC incubation or
      heat treatment after PNC incubation in serum or saline solution did not alter the
      thrombocytopenia. The thrombocytopenia-promoting activity was also trypsin
      resistant, did not require the presence of serum, plasma, or PNC capsular
      polysaccharide for its in vitro generation, and had a mol wt of 100,000 to
      300,000. Therefore, PNC-induced thrombocytopenia, in the absence of other
      hemostatic changes, may be explained on the basis of the direct action of a PNC
      derived substance(s) on circulating platelets.

PMID- 4031632
TI  - Age is a determinant of the glomerular morphologic and functional responses to
      chronic nephron loss.
AB  - Loss of renal mass results in a compensatory increase in growth and function of
      remaining nephrons. Renal ablation also accelerates the expansion of mesangial
      matrix and the development of focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) associated with
      aging. To determine whether age at the time of nephron loss influences the
      compensatory changes in function and the severity of subsequent glomerular
      lesions, immature rats (group I) and adult rats (group II) underwent right
      unilateral nephrectomy (Nx). Four weeks after Nx, compensatory renal growth and
      single nephron function showed a similar pattern in both groups. Five months
      after Nx, however, group I displayed significantly greater compensatory growth
      than group II, although both groups exhibited similar single nephron function.
      Moreover, group II demonstrated a significant increase in mean transcapillary
      hydraulic pressure difference (delta P) of approximately 5 mm Hg. Although both
      groups experienced accelerated expansion of mesangial matrix, significant FGS was
      detectable only in group I. Thus glomerular injury after Nx may result from
      factors other than alterations in glomerular hemodynamics.

PMID- 4031633
TI  - Platelet size and shape in hereditary giant platelet syndromes on blood smear and
      in suspension: evidence for two types of abnormalities.
AB  - Platelet size on blood smear is compared with platelet size and shape in
      suspension (i.e., whole blood and citrated platelet-rich plasma [PRP]) for normal
      donors and 16 patients with hereditary "giant" platelet syndromes (HGPS),
      including Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) (seven patients), Montreal platelet
      syndrome (MPS) (three patients), May-Hegglin anomaly (one patient) and Rafael
      platelet defect (one patient). In whole blood platelet shape is normal for HGPS,
      but in PRP for 10 of 16 patients with HGPS there is a decrease in the proportion
      of smooth, discoid-shaped platelets (discocytes [D]). The platelets of all
      patients with HGPS had abnormally large mean volume (VT) and increased size on
      peripheral blood smear. Furthermore, 12 of 16 patients with HGPS, including six
      of seven donors with BSS, had abnormally large discocytes. The measured size of
      HGPS shape-changed platelets was compared with the size predicted from the size
      of the D by assuming that the relationship between the size of shape-changed
      platelets and D was the same as observed for normal donors. In this manner it was
      shown that for all donors with BSS and MPS, the shape-changed platelets are
      disproportionately larger than the D. In contrast, in the remaining patients with
      HGPS the size of the shape-changed platelets was consistent with the size
      predicted from the D. Examination of VT for MPS as a function of time after
      addition of 10 mumol/L adenosine diphosphate to PRP revealed an abnormal time
      course, thereby pointing to an abnormality in the mechanisms that regulate
      platelet size during shape change. With the lone exceptions of BSS and MPS, the
      size of platelets on blood smear was well correlated with the total platelet
      plasma membrane surface area as measured by the osmotic spherocyte method. Our
      observations point to two distinct abnormalities in platelet size in HGPS: a
      disproportion between the size of D and "shape-changed" platelets, which may be
      related to an abnormal shape change and which is observed only for MPS and BSS,
      and an abnormal increase in platelet size on blood smear, which appears to
      reflect the increased amount of platelet plasma membrane in other HGPS platelets.

PMID- 4031634
TI  - Comparison of the Koppitz and Watkins scoring systems for the Bender Gestalt
      Test.

PMID- 4031635
TI  - WAIS-R performance patterns of 565 incarcerated adults characterized as
      underachieving readers and adequate readers.

PMID- 4031636
TI  - The use of self-monitoring procedures with low IQ learning disabled students.

PMID- 4031637
TI  - Teaching poor readers to cope with maladaptive cognitive styles: a training
      program.

PMID- 4031638
TI  - Theoretical support for and use of original drawings and associative cues in
      vocabulary acquisition by children with severe reading disorders.

PMID- 4031639
TI  - The nonverbal dilemma.

PMID- 4031640
TI  - Spectral analysis of EEG differences between children with and without learning
      disabilities.

PMID- 4031641
TI  - Learning disabled readers' recall as a function of distinctive encoding,
      hemisphere processing and selective attention.

PMID- 4031642
TI  - Family history as an indicator of risk for reading disability.

PMID- 4031643
TI  - The future of the LD field.

PMID- 4031644
TI  - The future of the LD field: a survey of fundamental concerns.

PMID- 4031645
TI  - Characterization and catabolism of rat very high density lipoproteins.
AB  - A previously unrecognized lipoprotein of very high density was isolated from rat
      serum. During zonal ultracentrifugation of whole serum or of fractions from
      Sepharose 4B chromatography, a peak comigrating with a peak of cholesterol was
      found between the typical high density lipoproteins and the residual serum
      proteins. Centrifugation of chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins, and high
      density lipoproteins, radio-iodinated in their lipid and protein moieties and
      mixed with serum, did not yield this peak. The pooled fractions contained about
      85% protein. The remainder was lipid comprising cholesteryl esters, free
      cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed bands in the region of
      apolipoproteins E and C as the major components. The composition suggested a
      lipoprotein, and this was substantiated by electron microscopy which showed
      particles with a mean diameter of 150 A. Their average hydrated density was 1.23
      g/ml and the apparent molecular weight was 1.35 X 10(6). These very high density
      lipoproteins are characterized by a rapid catabolism as compared to high density
      lipoproteins. Within 10 min, 84% and 70% of intravenously injected 125I-labeled
      very high density lipoproteins were removed from plasma of male and female rats,
      respectively, and did not appear to be converted to lipoproteins of a different
      density class. Ninety-five percent of the removed 125I was recovered in the liver
      and the radioactivity per gram of tissue was also highest for the liver.
      Accordingly, the rate of clearance of 125I-labeled very high density lipoproteins
      was markedly reduced in functionally eviscerated rats. Radioautography revealed
      that most of the silver grains representing very high density lipoproteins were
      associated with hepatocytes and only about 1% was found over v. Kupffer cells.
      Uptake and degradation by freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were mediated by a
      saturable and specific binding site. Composition and metabolic pathway are
      compatible with a function of very high density lipoproteins in the transport of
      protein and lipids to the liver.

PMID- 4031646
TI  - Reduction in plasma cholesterol and increase in biliary cholesterol by a diet
      rich in n-3 fatty acids in the rat.
AB  - Cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism were investigated in a group of rats fed a
      fish oil-supplemented diet, a rich source of n-3 fatty acids. For comparison
      purposes, other groups of rats were fed either safflower oil (n-6 fatty acids) or
      coconut oil (saturated fatty acids). Diets were isocaloric and contained
      identical amounts of cholesterol. Rats fed fish oils for 2 weeks showed a 35%
      lower plasma cholesterol level than rats fed safflower oil, who in turn showed a
      14% lower plasma cholesterol level than those fed coconut oil. The fall in plasma
      cholesterol level with fish oils was associated with significant falls in low
      density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but with no significant
      change in the ratio of low density to high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The
      fatty acid compositions of plasma, hepatic, and biliary lipids showed relative
      enrichment with n-3 fatty acids, reflecting the composition of the diet. The fish
      oil diet increased the basal secretion rate of cholesterol into bile, but the
      bile acid secretion rate remained unchanged. It is suggested that n-3 fatty acids
      reduce the plasma cholesterol level in rats by increasing the transfer of
      cholesterol into bile.

PMID- 4031647
TI  - Effect of chenodeoxycholic acid on biliary and urinary bile acids and bile
      alcohols in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis; monitoring by high performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Biliary and urinary bile alcohol and bile acid composition has been determined by
      high performance liquid chromatography in patients with cerebrotendinous
      xanthomatosis before and after treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid. Most of the
      bile acids and bile alcohols in the bile and urine were separated in less than 30
      min using a radial pack C18 muBondapak 5 micron particle size column with a
      mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-methanol-acetic acid 70:70:20:1 (v/v/v/v) at a
      flow rate of 2 ml/min, and a refractive index detector. Before treatment, cholic
      acid (49%) and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25-tetrol (27%) were
      the major biliary bile acid and bile alcohol, respectively, but were not detected
      in the urine of five patients. 5 beta-Cholestane-pentols were, instead, the major
      urinary bile alcohols with 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 23 xi,
      25-pentol (56%) predominating. Whereas 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12
      alpha, 24S,25-pentol was not detected in the bile, it was isolated in the urine
      of all patients (27%). The only urinary bile acid isolated by high performance
      liquid chromatography was nor-cholic acid. After 1 month of treatment with
      chenodeoxycholic acid, 0.75 g/day, chenodeoxycholic acid became the major bile
      acid in the bile of all patients (71%) along with its metabolite, ursodeoxycholic
      acid (21%). Cholic acid and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25
      tetrol were drastically reduced and were only 3% each. The excretion of 5 beta
      cholestane-pentols in the urine was also drastically reduced from 130 mg/day to
      15 mg/day.

PMID- 4031648
TI  - Contribution of vesicular and micellar carriers to cholesterol transport in human
      bile.
AB  - A nonmicellar, bile salt-independent mode of cholesterol transport in human bile
      involving phospholipid vesicles was recently reported by our group. In the
      present study, we have investigated the relative contribution of the phospholipid
      vesicles and mixed bile salt-phospholipid micelles to cholesterol transport in
      human hepatic and gallbladder biles. The vesicles (ca 800 A diameter) were
      demonstrated by quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) in fresh bile and after
      chromatography. Gel filtration under conditions that preserved micellar integrity
      demonstrated that biliary cholesterol was associated with both vesicles and
      micelles. At low bile salt concentration, the vesicular phase was predominant and
      most of the cholesterol was transported by it. With increasing bile salt
      concentrations, a progressive solubilization of the vesicles occurred with a
      concomitant increase in the amount of cholesterol transported by micelles. The
      vesicular carrier may be of particular biological significance for cholesterol
      solubilization in supersaturated biles.

PMID- 4031649
TI  - Solubilization of the 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol-stimulated low density
      lipoprotein receptor of male rat liver.
AB  - Pharmacological doses of 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol induce a low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) receptor in the liver of male rats. Our aim was to solubilize
      this receptor. Isolated liver membranes (8,000-100,000 g fraction) from male rats
      treated with 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol and from control rats were solubilized in
      1% (w/v) Triton X-100. Using Amberlite XAD-2, more than 90% of the detergent was
      then removed. Liposomes were prepared by precipitating the solubilized proteins
      with acetone in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. The receptor activity of
      these liposomes was assayed using human 125I-labeled LDL. Filtration was used to
      separate bound from free 125I-labeled LDL. The assay was optimized; 0.25 mM
      CaCl2, 25 mM NaCl, pH 8.0, were chosen as the standard conditions. Binding of
      125I-labeled LDL was dependent on Ca2+. Liposomes containing solubilized membrane
      proteins from treated rats displayed Ca2+-dependent binding which was 11 times
      higher than for control rats. The specific binding of 125I-labeled LDL was
      saturable with a Kd = 18 micrograms/ml. 125I-Labeled LDL was displaced by
      unlabeled lipoproteins containing apolipoproteins B and E and by
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes containing purified apolipoprotein E,
      but not by HDL3. The binding was abolished by pronase and was inhibited by
      suramin. Ligand blotting with 125I-labeled LDL revealed one band of protein with
      an apparent molecular weight of 133,000 daltons. These properties are
      characteristic of the low density lipoprotein receptor.

PMID- 4031650
TI  - Purification and characterization of bovine lipoproteins: resolution of high
      density and low density lipoproteins using heparin-Sepharose chromatography.
AB  - The selective and reversible adsorption of bovine low density lipoproteins (LDL)
      by heparin-Sepharose has been exploited as the critical step in a procedure for
      the preparative isolation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)/chylomicrons,
      LDL, and high density lipoproteins (HDL) from bovine plasma. Molecular size
      exclusion chromatography and isopycnic density gradient separation steps are also
      involved in the method described. The resulting HDL and LDL fractions are free
      from contamination by one another as judged by electrophoretic mobility in
      agarose gels. The major lipid and apolipoprotein compositions of the three
      resolved lipoprotein classes have been determined.

PMID- 4031652
TI  - Fluorescence studies of the binding of amphiphilic amines with phospholipids.
AB  - The binding characteristics of several amine drugs with dispersed phospholipids
      (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylglycerol) have been
      studied using the fluorometric method and 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate and
      1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as fluorescence probes. The results show that
      amphiphilic amines, such as chlorphentermine, interact with phospholipids via
      both ionic and hydrophobic forces. The ionic interaction, which occurs between
      the protonated amine group of the drug and the phosphate oxygen of the lipid,
      changes the amphiphilic characteristics of the lipid by reducing the number of
      negative charges on the lipid vesicles, and inhibits the Ca2+-dependent lipid
      hydrolysis by blocking the Ca2+ binding sites on the lipid vesicles. The
      hydrophobic interaction, which involves the nonpolar moieties of the drug and the
      lipid, is of primary importance to the overall drug-lipid binding stability.
      Drugs without a strong hydrophobic moiety, such as dopamine, do not interact with
      phospholipids.

PMID- 4031651
TI  - Alterations in the metabolism of lipids in ischemia of the liver and kidney.
AB  - The metabolism of lipids in the ischemic liver has been examined in the attempt
      to define the cause of the previously described loss of phospholipid and to
      determine whether additional alterations occur that may be related to the
      disturbances in membrane function. With 3 hr of ischemia, 30% of the cellular
      phospholipid was lost when measured either as phosphate in a lipid extract of the
      whole liver or as fatty acyl esters after separation by thin-layer chromatography
      of the major lipid classes in the same extracts. All phospholipid species were
      equally affected, and there was no accumulation of lysophospholipids. The loss of
      phospholipid acyl chains was not accompanied by an increased number of acyl
      esters as mono-, di-, or triglycerides. There was no increase in the size of the
      free fatty acid pool, and the content of long chain acyl CoA esters decreased by
      50%. The acyl chain composition of the free fatty acid and neutral lipid pools
      changed, however, to resemble more closely that of the phospholipids. There was
      no change in the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids. The incorporation
      of intraportally injected [3H]arachidonic acid into total phospholipids was
      decreased upon reperfusion of liver that had been ischemic for only 20 min. These
      data are consistent with a loss of fatty acyl chains from the phospholipids into
      the free fatty acid pool. A few of these chains are incorporated into neutral
      lipids, but most are lost from the liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031653
TI  - Elevated levels of apolipoprotein E in the high density lipoproteins of human
      cord blood plasma.
AB  - The concentrations and lipoprotein distributions of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in
      normal human umbilical cord blood plasma were determined. The mean plasma apoE
      level of 95 neonates was considerably higher than that of 49 normal adults (58.1
      vs 35.8 micrograms/ml). This elevation of apoE levels was in striking contrast to
      the lower than adult levels of cholesterol (72 mg/dl vs 185 mg/dl), triglyceride
      (37.8 mg/dl vs 97.6 mg/dl), and LDL cholesterol (25 mg/dl vs 110 mg/dl) in
      neonatal plasma. For the group of 95 neonates, the plasma apoE concentration
      correlated significantly with total plasma cholesterol concentration (r = 0.60),
      with LDL cholesterol concentration (r = 0.27) and with HDL cholesterol
      concentration (r = 0.50). Among the neonates, 87% of plasma apoE was associated
      with a less dense subfraction of high density lipoprotein compared to a mean of
      58% for 30 normal adults. Thus, for neonates, despite hypolipidemia, the absolute
      concentration of apoE in HDL (50 micrograms/ml) was 2.5 times that of adults (20
      micrograms/ml). We speculate that the very low level of neonatal VLDL, providing
      limited substrate for lipolysis, may result in retarded removal of apoE from
      plasma and the observed high level of apoE in neonatal HDL. We hypothesize that
      in the fetus and neonate, as has been demonstrated in abetalipoproteinemia, apoE
      rich HDL may functionally substitute for LDL in delivering cholesterol to cells.

PMID- 4031654
TI  - Linoleate-rich acylglucosylceramides of pig epidermis: structure determination by
      proton magnetic resonance.
AB  - The structure of the linoleate-rich acylglycosylceramides isolated from pig
      epidermis has been reinvestigated. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the
      alditol acetates produced from the sugar component indicated that 90% of the
      hexose is glucose while the remaining 10% is galactose. The predominance of the
      beta-D-glucosyl group was confirmed by 360 MHz proton magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy. The magnetic resonance method was also used to prove that the ester
      linked linoleic acid is actually attached to the omega-hydroxyl group of the long
      chain hydroxyacid, not to the sugar as had been reported previously. A key
      spectral feature supporting this new structural assignment was a triplet at 3.82
      ppm, which indicates methylene protons between another methylene and an ester
      linkage. After saponification, this signal moved to 3.33 ppm, a chemical shift
      expected for a methylene bearing a free hydroxyl group. Furthermore, all of the
      sugar ring protons could be accounted for both before and after acetylation. No
      evidence was found to suggest that an ester is attached to the sugar ring in the
      native material. It is concluded that the principal porcine epidermal
      acylglycosylceramide is 1-beta-D-glucosyl-N-(omega-O-linoleoyl)
      triacontanoylsphingosine.

PMID- 4031655
TI  - Synthesis and characterization of a highly fluorescent peptidyl
      phosphatidylethanolamine.
AB  - The synthesis of a fluorescent lipid for use in studies of immune recognition of
      model membranes is described. The molecule has the basic structure HAPTEN-SPACER
      LIPID, where fluorescein is the hapten, an oligopeptide (triglycine) is the
      spacer, and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) is the lipid. The spacer,
      which is necessary for immunological reactivity, is first linked via a peptide
      bond to DPPE. The free N-terminus of the peptidyl-DPPE is then reacted with 5
      dichlorotriazinylaminofluorescein (DCTAF) to yield
      fluoresceinchlorotriazinyltriglycyl-DPPE (FG3P). The structure is confirmed by
      mass spectrometry and Fourier transform NMR. When FG3P is incorporated into
      phospholipid vesicles it retains the brilliant fluorescence and high-affinity
      immunological reactivity of fluorescein. The general synthesis scheme may prove
      useful in other membrane and lipoprotein applications.

PMID- 4031656
TI  - Synthesis of C-22, C-23-3H-labeled 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta
      cholestane.
AB  - This report describes an efficient synthesis of C-22, C-23-(3)H-labeled
      3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane. - Somanathan, R., and S.
      Krisans. Synthesis of C-22, C-23-(3)H-labeled 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy
      5beta-cholestane.

PMID- 4031657
TI  - Notes on the breeding of the WHHL rabbit: an animal model of familial
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - We describe in this study a reliable method for the breeding of the Watanabe
      heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit. Placing a male and a female WHHL rabbit
      in the same cage for the purpose of mating resulted in only two pregnancies out
      of a total of 227 mating attempts (0.9%). After manually assisting the rabbits,
      15% of the matings resulted in pregnancies. When the female rabbits were injected
      with 40 I.U. of human chorionic gonadotropin within 1 hr of this procedure, 56%
      of the matings resulting in pregnancies. We feel that the inherent difficulty in
      breeding the WHHL rabbit, a model for the disease familial hypercholesterolemia,
      can be significantly overcome by the methods discussed in this report.

PMID- 4031658
TI  - Spectrofluorometric studies of the lipid probe, nile red.
AB  - We found that the dye nile red, 9-diethylamino-5H-benzo[alpha]phenoxazine-5-one,
      can be applied as a fluorescent vital stain for the detection of intracellular
      lipid droplets by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytofluorometry (J. Cell.
      Biol. 1985. 100: 965-973). To understand the selectivity of the staining, we
      examined the fluorescence properties of nile red in the presence of organic
      solvents and model lipid systems. Nile red was found to be both very soluble and
      strongly fluorescent in organic solvents. The excitation and emission spectra of
      nile red shifted to shorter wavelengths with decreasing solvent polarity.
      However, the fluorescence of nile red was quenched in aqueous medium. Nile red
      was observed to fluoresce intensely in the presence of aqueous suspensions of
      phosphatidylcholine vesicles (excitation maximum: 549 nm; emission maximum: 628
      nm). When neutral lipids such as triacylglycerols or cholesteryl esters were
      incorporated with phosphatidylcholine to form microemulsions, nile red
      fluorescence emission maxima shifted to shorter wavelengths. Serum lipoproteins
      also induced nile red fluorescence and produced spectral blue shifts. Nile red
      fluorescence was not observed in the presence of either immunoglobulin G or
      gelatin. These results demonstrate that nile red fluorescence accompanied by a
      spectral blue shift reflects the presence of nile red in a hydrophobic lipid
      environment and account for the selective detection of neutral lipid by the dye.
      Nile red thus serves as an excellent fluorescent lipid probe.

PMID- 4031659
TI  - Postnatal development of intestinal bile salt transport. Relationship to membrane
      physico-chemical changes.
AB  - The postnatal development of intestinal bile salt transport in the rat was
      examined using the villus technique. Jejunal uptake of taurocholate was linear
      with respect to incubation concentration at all study ages. Ileal uptake was
      linear with taurocholate concentration during the first 2 postnatal weeks; a
      curvilinear relationship indicating the presence of saturable transport appeared
      during the third week. With the appearance of ileal active transport at age 3
      weeks, the Km (app) was constant at 0.49 mM, 0.59 mM, and 0.50 mM in 3-week, 4
      week, and adult animals, respectively. The V(app) was 14.65 nmol X mg-1 (dry wt)
      X min-1 at 3 weeks and declined with age to 11.40 and 10.51 nmol X mg-1 (dry wt)
      X min-1 in 4-week and adult animals, respectively. The role of physico-chemical
      changes in the microvillus membrane in the development of ileal active transport
      was examined. With increasing postnatal age, microvillus membrane cholesterol
      content rose while the phospholipid content remained unchanged in both ileum and
      jejunum. Corresponding rises in the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio were observed
      in both sites. Simultaneously, the microvillus membrane fatty acid composition
      was changing from predominantly saturated to unsaturated species in both ileum
      and jejunum. The microvillus membrane fluorescence anisotropy (r) increased with
      postnatal age in jejunum when measured at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C and ileum
      when measured at 25 degrees C; however, no change was noted in ileum when
      measured at 37 degrees C. Ileal active bile salt transport develops during the
      third postnatal week, and is associated with concurrent changes in membrane lipid
      composition and fluidity when measured at 25 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4031660
TI  - Stimulation by unsaturated fatty acid of squalene uptake in rat liver microsomes.
AB  - Supernatant protein factor (SPF) and anionic phospholipids such as
      phosphatidylglycerol (PG) stimulate squalene epoxidase activity in rat liver
      microsomes by promoting [3H]squalene uptake as well as substrate translocation
      (Chin, J., and K. Bloch. 1984. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 11735-11738). This process is
      postulated to be membrane-mediated and not carrier-mediated. Here we show that
      treatment of PG with phospholipase A2 in the presence of bovine serum albumin
      abolishes the stimulatory effect of SPF on epoxidase activity. Disaturated fatty
      acyl-PGs are not as effective as egg yolk lecithin PG in the SPF effect. These
      findings suggest an important role for the unsaturated fatty acid moiety of PG.
      We also show that at submicellar concentrations, cis-unsaturated fatty acids
      stimulate microsomal epoxidase activity whereas saturated fatty acids do not.
      This effect is due to an increase in substrate uptake which in turn may
      facilitate substrate availability to the enzyme.

PMID- 4031661
TI  - Kinetic properties of human milk bile salt-activated lipase: studies using long
      chain triacylglycerol as substrate.
AB  - Studies on the hydrodynamic properties of human milk bile salt-activated lipase
      (BAL) indicated that it is a monomer with molecular weight of 107,000. The
      presence of taurocholate (1 mM) did not lead to an association of the enzyme. The
      enzyme had a basal activity with trioctanoylglycerol and with shorter chain, but
      not with longer chain, monoacid triacylglycerols. Based on kinetic analyses, we
      suggest that the BAL-catalyzed lipolysis of long-chain triacylglycerol can be
      described to follow a compulsory sequential mechanism. The initial interaction of
      BAL with the activator (taurocholate) leads to a conformational change of the
      enzyme which facilitates the further interaction with the long chain
      triacylglycerol substrate in forming the enzyme-bile salt-substrate ternary
      complex. We also suggest that the binding of BAL with substrate involves direct
      interaction of the active site with the fatty acyl-chain of the triacylglycerol
      rather than with nonspecific hydrophobic interactions at the emulsion interface.

PMID- 4031662
TI  - Plasma phospholipid transfer protein enhances transfer and exchange of
      phospholipids between very low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins
      during lipolysis.
AB  - In order to determine the effects of a plasma phospholipid transfer protein on
      the transfer of phospholipids from very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) to high
      density lipoproteins (HDL) during lipolysis, biosynthetically labeled rat 32P
      labeled VLDL was incubated with human HDL3 and bovine milk lipoprotein lipase
      (LPL) in the presence of the plasma d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction or a
      partially purified human plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PTP). The addition
      of either the PTP or the d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction resulted in a 2- to 3
      fold stimulation of the transfer of phospholipid radioactivity from VLDL into HDL
      during lipolysis. In the absence of LPL, the PTP caused a less marked stimulation
      of transfer of phospholipid radioactivity. Both the d greater than 1.21 g/ml
      fraction and the PTP enhanced the transfer of VLDL phospholipid mass into HDL,
      but the percentage transfer of phospholipid radioactivity was greater than that
      of phospholipid mass, suggesting stimulation of both transfer and exchange
      processes. Stimulation of phospholipid exchange was confirmed in experiments
      where PTP was found to augment transfer of [14C]phosphatidylcholine radioactivity
      from HDL to VLDL during lipolysis. In experiments performed with human VLDL and
      human HDL3, both the d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction and the PTP were found to
      stimulate phospholipid mass transfer from VLDL into HDL during lipolysis.
      Analysis of HDL by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis
      showed that enhanced lipid transfer was associated with only a slight increase in
      particle size, suggesting incorporation of lipid by formation of new HDL
      particles. In conclusion, the plasma d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction and a
      plasma PTP enhance the net transfer of VLDL phospholipids into HDL and also
      exchange of the phospholipids of VLDL and HDL. Both the transfer and exchange
      activities of PTP are stimulated by lipolysis.

PMID- 4031663
TI  - Plasma decay of chylomicron remnants is not affected by heparin-stimulated plasma
      lipolytic activity in normal fasting man.
AB  - In an earlier study it was shown that retinyl palmitate appeared to be a
      satisfactory label for the core of chylomicrons and their remnants. When
      chylomicrons were endogenously labeled with retinyl palmitate and pulse-injected
      into healthy donors, retinyl palmitate was cleared from plasma by a first order
      process. Its fractional decay constant was very similar to the fractional
      catabolic rate of VLDL triglycerides, a lipoprotein lipase-dependent process, and
      2-3 times slower than hepatic chylomicron remnant uptake in experimental animals.
      We, therefore, investigated whether plasma clearance of retinyl palmitate-labeled
      chylomicrons is accelerated by enhanced plasma triglyceride hydrolysis produced
      by heparin administration. Five healthy subjects took retinyl palmitate by mouth
      and 5-6 hr later two units of plasma were obtained by plasma-pheresis. After
      storage for 42 hr, the units were pooled and separated into two equal volumes.
      The first half was injected into the donor and plasma retinyl palmitate and
      chylomicron triglyceride were measured for 3.5 hr (control study). Heparin was
      then given intravenously as a bolus followed by an infusion for 7 hr. A second
      retinyl palmitate clearance (postheparin study) was performed during the heparin
      infusion. Plasma lipolytic activity and retinyl palmitate and chylomicron
      triglyceride concentrations were measured serially. Total plasma lipolytic
      activity and hepatic triglyceride lipase activity were increased approximately
      500-fold during postheparin studies, enhancing triglyceride decay 2.5- to 3-fold.
      Retinyl palmitate plasma decay, however, was unaffected. Retinyl palmitate plasma
      decay was a biexponential concentration-dependent function in eighty of ten pre-
      and postheparin studies with the first, rapid exponential accounting for 90 +/-
      4% of total plasma retinyl palmitate decay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031665
TI  - Potential bile acid metabolites. 9. 3,12-Dihydroxy- and 12 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha
      cholanoic acids.
AB  - Syntheses of the heretofore unreported 3 alpha, 12 beta-, 3 beta, 12 beta
      dihydroxy-, and 12 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-cholanic acids of the 5 alpha-series,
      their methyl esters, and some related derivatives are described. In addition,
      allodeoxycholic (3 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy) acid was prepared by a new route.
      The principal reactions involved were the stereoselective reduction of C-12
      ketones with an amino-borane reagent and of a C-3 ketone with K-Selectride, and
      inversion of a 3 beta-tosylate derivative with N,N-dimethylformamide.

PMID- 4031664
TI  - Alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase in human fibroblasts and its deficiency
      in Zellweger syndrome.
AB  - The cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder
      biochemically characterized by the absence of morphologically distinguishable
      peroxisomes. Key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of ether phospholipids,
      i.e., dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase and alkyl dihydroxyacetone
      phosphate synthase, are located in mammalian (micro)peroxisomes. We have
      previously shown a strikingly reduced activity of dihydroxyacetone phosphate
      acyltransferase in liver, brain, and cultured skin fibroblasts from Zellweger
      patients (Schutgens et al. 1984. Biochim. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120: 179-184). We
      have now extended these investigations by studying alkyl dihydroxyacetone
      phosphate synthase in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Enzymatic activity was
      determined by measuring the formation of radioactive alkyl dihydroxyacetone
      phosphate from palmitoyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate and [1-14C]hexadecanol as
      substrates. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 8.5 and was stimulated (about 2
      3-fold) by the presence of 0.05% (v/v) Triton X-100. The apparent KM values for
      the enzyme in control fibroblasts amounted to 35 microM for palmitoyl
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 90 microM for hexadecanol. The reaction became
      inhibited at higher concentrations of both Triton X-100 and palmitoyl
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Control skin fibroblasts showed alkyl
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase activity of 69 +/- 28 pmol X min-1 X mg-1 (n
      = 7), while fibroblasts from patients had an activity of only 6.3 +/- 1.7 pmol X
      min-1 X mg-1 (n = 7). Alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase was also found to
      be deficient in tissue homogenates of Zellweger patients. The specific activity
      of this enzyme in liver, kidney, and brain homogenates from Zellweger patients
      was less than 15% of that in the corresponding tissues from controls.

PMID- 4031666
TI  - Fractionation of fecal neutral steroids by high performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Fecal neutral steroids were fractionated by high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) into three major fractions: 5 beta-H, 3-keto steroids; 5
      beta-H, 3 beta-hydroxy steroids; and 5 alpha-H and delta 5-3 beta-hydroxy
      steroids. This separation was achieved in about 10 minutes, with greater than 97%
      recovery of standards in each fraction. Gas-liquid chromatographic quantitation
      of fecal steroids fractionated by either HPLC or thin-layer chromatography gave
      nearly identical results. A method using both C18 reverse phase and silica HPLC
      to purify radiolabeled sterols is also described.

PMID- 4031667
TI  - [Vascular function studies and management of lower-limb arteriopathy].

PMID- 4031668
TI  - [Current status of the surgery of carotid stenoses].
AB  - In a series of 472 operations performed in 420 patients between 1981 and 1982,
      the mortality rate was 1.1% in asymptomatic patients (stage 0) and 2.1% in
      patients with transient ischaemic attacks (stage I) or with minor neurological
      sequelae (stage III). The morbidity rate of serious sequelae was 1.05%. The long
      term mortality is 30% at 5 years and 50% at 10 years, in most of the major
      statistical studies. The major cause of death (more than 50%) is myocardial
      infarction. The study of the local evolution of the operated artery reveals that
      about 10% of the patients who survived between 5 to 10 years had a recurrent
      carotid artery stenosis. Comparative studies of the course of the atherosclerotic
      disease operated patients and in patients treated medically are difficult to
      evaluate. However, most authors agree with Fields that an operation is justified
      in asymptomatic patients and in those presenting transient ischaemic attacks,
      provided the mortality and morbidity rate is less than 3%. Finally, recent
      studies stress the value of non-invasive investigations for determining the
      prognosis of tight stenoses: in asymptomatic patients with tight stenoses, the
      risk of a cerebrovascular accident is 5 times greater than in patients with a
      minor stenosis.

PMID- 4031669
TI  - [Value of plethysmographic methods as a means of monitoring arteriopathies].
AB  - Plethysmography provides an original solution to the study of arteriopathy,
      complementing other non-invasive investigational methods. The different fields of
      application are discussed, and the diagnostic and prognostic value of each of
      them outlined. Methods used include: pulsed plethysmography, measurement of
      segmental pressures, hyperemia test, irrigraphy and measurement of segmental
      blood flow. Principal advantages of the technique are undoubtedly the evaluation
      of global function, monitoring of therapy and, to some degree, prediction of
      course.

PMID- 4031670
TI  - [A few reflections on the practice of urban medical angiology. Activity, role,
      future].
AB  - The author attempts to evaluate the practice of private medical angiologists. He
      presents the results of a survey conducted amongst his colleagues in the South of
      France and the Pyrenees and analyses the principal reasons for consultation from
      6,900 cases seen in angiology practices. It seems that although vascular
      functional investigations take an increasingly large place in angiology practice,
      phlebology remains the predominant activity and the clinician is still very
      involved in therapy. Although the angiologist has defined his specificity, it is
      essential that he works within a team, in cooperation with the vascular
      radiologist and the vascular surgeon.

PMID- 4031671
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation and arteriopathies].
AB  - Hyperbaric oxygen (O.H.B.) in arteriopathies of the limbs was tested in 2 021
      patients over a period of time extending from 1966 to 1983. Therapeutic pressure
      varied from 2 to 2.4 absolute atmospheres (A.T.A.) as it is specified using
      plethysmography. The therapeutic periods at a frequency of 1 or 2 per day
      according to clinical characteristics have 1 hour duration for a total of 30
      therapeutic periods. No complication was observed using this technique. O.H.B.
      increased the oxygen debt by enriching the blood in O2. The plethysmographic
      controls showed in 40% of cases a transport of circulating masses from healthy
      territories in vasoconstriction to the non responding hypoxic territories. An
      over-oxygenation of the additional blood resulted in ischaemic zones. This study
      suggests that O.H.B. may be an important method of treatment of patients with
      asymptomatic arteriopathy.

PMID- 4031672
TI  - [Preliminary results of a prospective study of microcirculatory disorders in
      alcoholic fibro-cirrhosis. Relation to hyperestrogenism].
AB  - In the course of alcoholic cirrhosis, the low incidence of occlusive arterial
      diseases in the lower limbs, as well as the analogy in skin lesions between
      cirrhosis and pregnant women, lead to believe that hyperestrogenism may be common
      origin of these skin lesions. Research of abnormal microcirculation in the
      nailfold and oestrogen's receptors have been performed in a cirrhotic (20) and
      hyperestrogenic (12) population. The capillaroscopic abnormalities have been as
      follows: fine and short capillaries, oedema slacked circulation, the underlying
      structure was pale with peripheral halo. These have been observed both in the
      cirrhotic and hyperestrogenic patients. These oestrogenic receptor in both
      populations seem mainly localised in the granulosa structure and are more
      numerous than normal. Capillaroscopic features on the cirrhotic patients were
      similar to those on hyperestrogenic patients. The presence of oestrogenic
      receptors in the skin bears no particular significance at the present time.

PMID- 4031673
TI  - [Does conjunctival biomicroscopy enable one to assess the microcirculatory
      activity of buflomedil?].

PMID- 4031674
TI  - [Manual lymphatic drainage].
AB  - Manual lymphatic drainage is non-invasive physiological method. Its real
      effectiveness still has to be demonstrated by means of a comparative quantitative
      experiment against other techniques. It is still difficult to apply for material
      reasons such as the small number of physiotherapists and the lack of inscription
      in the Social Security nomenclature. These two problems can only be resolved by a
      further development of the technique.

PMID- 4031675
TI  - [Management of severe hypertension in a patient with arteriopathy].

PMID- 4031676
TI  - [Microvascular consequences of low distal blood perfusion rates].
AB  - It is classical, in obstructive arterial disease, to be most concerned with the
      truncal arteries, although nutrition and exchanges occur at the level of the
      terminal vessels. The most important events occur in the muscles and in the skin,
      at the extremity of the limb and one wonders whether "ischaemic disease" could
      perhaps be summarized as the result of low perfusion rates. The laws of
      hydraulics are unusual in this situation, the microcirculation is autonomous and
      autoregulated. The architectonics are also unusual: the distribution into
      asymmetrical parallel networks explains the heterogeneity of the distribution in
      which stasis, conglutination and red cell rigidity, interstitial flooding and the
      rheological consequences play a major though unequal role in the skin and the
      muscle. The problems of the haematocrit, viscosity, surface tension or interface
      and the electrostatic potentials are more important at this level and they
      determine the therapeutic decisions.

PMID- 4031677
TI  - [The nail in vascular pathology].
AB  - The nail is part of the ungual unit; it is affected indirectly and late in
      vascular disease. The authors recall the anatomy and the blood supply of the
      ungual unit and describe the alterations in terms of the level of the lesion.
      They describe the changes seen in systemic diseases such as the collagen disease,
      in vascular disease, venous, arterial and lymphatic disease and in vascular
      acrosyndromes. These alterations are often a result of several diseases, but may,
      nevertheless, help orient the diagnosis.

PMID- 4031678
TI  - [Compression in vascular pathology. Practical applications].
AB  - A better use of the methods of compression in vascular disease would be based on
      a progression of the available techniques: fixed compression, elastic bandages,
      elastic stockings, so that one can pass from one degree to another, but only in
      the direction indicated, except in the case of regression of the disease, when
      treatment of the previous stage would be required. One should never replace
      elastic stockings by elastic bandages except in the case of regression, nor the
      bandage by the boot, except when the bandage fails. On the other hand, a
      favourable clinical evolution means that the boot can be replaced by the bandage,
      the bandage by the stocking, or directly from the boot to the stocking. The
      optimal choice of the method of compression is made from this progressive range
      on the basis of the evaluation of the severity of the vascular disorders.

PMID- 4031679
TI  - [Possible role of a cardiac factor in limiting the walking perimeter in the
      treadmill test in the arteritis patient].
AB  - Electrocardiographic modifications appearing during a treadmill test undergone by
      145 patients with arterio-sclerosis obliterans at stage II without coronary
      antecedents and with normal resting electrocardiograms were studied. Twenty per
      cent of the patients had to discontinue the test (slope 12%, 3,8 km/h). A
      repolarization anomaly of ischemia type appeared in 13% of the cases (19
      patients) and a rhythm disorder in 1%. Hence systematic monitoring of the
      electrocardiogram during walking test can enable subjects with high coronary risk
      to be singled out.

PMID- 4031680
TI  - [Vascular functional exploratory methods enabling the assessment of the evolution
      of lower-limb arteriopathies in the critical phase. Pulpal pulsed signal, digital
      pressure, transcutaneous PO2 of the front of the foot. Preliminary notes].
AB  - Various situations are defined in which viability of a lower limb is compromised
      and for which clinical data may be insufficient to assess any very short-term
      progressive tendency during medical or surgical therapy. Among techniques for
      exploration of vascular function, parameters of pressure and digital pulsatility
      and measurement of front of foot transcutaneous PO2 can be considered to be
      reliable means of determination of the degree of permanent ischemia. Their
      application to assessment of changes in course during therapy is proposed as a
      supplement to clinical data.

PMID- 4031681
TI  - [Evolution of vasomotor tone in chronic obstructive arteriopathy of the lower
      limbs].
AB  - Progressive degradation in the appearance of digital plethysmogram tracings
      occurs during acute episodes of occlusive arteriopathies, and is of importance
      for establishing the diagnosis and the choice of therapy. The distal
      microvasculotissular score is of major interest during the stages defined by R.
      Fontaine in 1966. Changes are in fact those of rheologic factors in the terminal
      network. It is logical to incriminate variations in "tone" and of vasomotor
      response, the final relay being at the site distal to the circulatory units and
      their endothelial receptors. The problem should be envisaged at each stage in the
      course of the disease. Vasoplasticity is a function of the severity of the
      arteriopathy.

PMID- 4031682
TI  - [What key zones should be monitored as a function of the assessment of the
      initial lesion? Collateral pathways?].
AB  - Key zones to be kept under surveillance are defined as a function of initial
      lesion features of operated or unoperated arteriopathy of lower limbs. Knowledge
      of these key zones resides in the anatomical knowledge of the supply network and
      of the physiopathology involved and its coming into play. Collateral circulations
      of infrarenal aortic obstructions are studied in detail, and then those that
      develop after femoral and tibial artery occlusions. Valid prediction of the
      ischemic risk can only be made after obtaining precise data on the re-entry
      effectiveness through this collateral circulation, allowing a prognosis to be
      established and a reasoned choice of therapy to be made.

PMID- 4031683
TI  - [Pulsatility, flow and metabolic diseases].
AB  - Metabolic diseases, and particularly diabetes mellitus have a well-established
      vascular determinism. Diabetic arteriopathy is associated from its onset with
      elevated tissue blood flow at rest and blood and plasma hyperviscosity. These
      anomalies are corrected by the perfect equilibration of the glycemia with the
      artificial pancreas. In 8 to 28% of cases, according to the author, there is an
      original hemodynamic picture; the enhanced flow hyperpulsatile diabetic
      arteriopathy observed in a caricatural manner in ulcerated mutilating
      acropathies. The vasomotor inertia of the diabetic artery and the metabolic
      neuropathy suggest that surgery to increase blood flow might be of interest in
      diabetic patients, as a function of results of previous function tests.

PMID- 4031684
TI  - [The venous-arteriolar reflex].
AB  - Cutaneous blood flow (Xenon clearance) and transcutaneous pO2 were simultaneously
      measured on the foot of normal subjects and patients suffering from severe
      arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs. When the subject is sitting, cutaneous
      blood flow decreases, as well in normal subjects than in most patients with
      arterial insufficiency. However, tc pO2 increases in sitting position, probably
      because local vasoregulation is abolished by local heating. Increase in tc pO2 in
      sitting position is higher in patients in whom tc pO2 was very low in lying
      position. In normal subjects, there is a positive correlation between cutaneous
      blood flow and tc pO2. This correlation do not exist in patients suffering from
      severe ischemia; it is likely that Xenon clearance actually measures total
      cutaneous blood flow, while tc pO2 constitutes an index of nutritional
      circulation. It is also possible that Xenon clearance is modified by changes in
      partition coefficient in ischemia areas.

PMID- 4031685
TI  - [The amplification factor of the Hillestad reactional hyperemia test as a
      function of glucose status, clinical status and ankle pressure index].
AB  - Principles of the reactive hyperemia test are summarized, the method used defined
      and the amplification factor f described as the ratio of the post-ischemia
      amplitude of pulsed plethysmographic signal to its baseline amplitude before
      arterial occlusion. Values for this factor were determined in patients free from
      occlusive arterial lesions with or without glucose metabolism disorders, in cases
      after sympathectomy and in patients with lower limb arterial disease stage I-II
      and extensive occlusive lesions and in stage III-IV. The factor f is either the
      reflection of the state of vasodilation or vasoconstriction of the lower limbs
      studied, or the sign of a diabetic neuroangiopathy. Its study requires comparison
      of values in both limbs of the same subject.

PMID- 4031686
TI  - [Sympathectomy and microcirculation: physiopathologic reflections].
AB  - Sympathectomy provokes vascular motor denervation, and drastically modifies the
      vasomotor equilibrium of the limbs which is also dependent on metabolic, humoral
      and myogenic factors. Therapeutic efficacy of sympathectomy is related to the
      state of activity and reactivity of these other factors. The fall in peripheral
      resistance resulting from the opening up of cutaneous arteriovenous anastomoses
      increases flow through a stenosis or bypass, with the tendency for development of
      the collateral circulation. Positive effects may be obtained also when trophic
      disorders exist, but there is the risk of a nutritional circulation steal in the
      presence of blood hyperviscosity, with the need for associated rheologic
      treatment. Indications are few in Raynaud's disease, except for digital arterial
      disease.

PMID- 4031687
TI  - [The irrigraphic profile, an orienting element in the indications for lumbar
      sympathectomy].
AB  - A retrospective study of 108 case-reports of patients treated by lumbar
      sympathectomy was conducted to determine irrigraphic parameters possessing
      possible predictive value for the indication of sympathectomy. The value of the
      Index 6 (distal irrigation index) must be certainly taken into account; the Index
      1 (proximal index) appears to be of interest when analyzing data with a view to
      sympathectomy in diffuse forms of arteritis. Three profile-types were
      distinguished; statistical analysis showed no significant difference in these
      profiles, with respect to the sympathectomy, in relation to the clinical results
      obtained. Irrigraphic modifications after sympathectomy were analyzed in 72
      cases; results confirmed the improved efficacy of sympathectomy at Stage 2 than
      at Stages 3 and 4, but also showed that at Stage 2 the profile II appeared to
      react more favorably and that at Stages 3 and 4 the profile I appears to react
      less well than the other profiles. Also studied were patients with diabetes, who
      react less favorably to sympathectomy, patients who fail-to respond to
      sympathectomy, and those with worsening of irrigraphic profiles after
      sympathectomy, mainly in diabetics with profile I. These findings show that it is
      not possible to define a precise irrigraphic profile more favorable to
      sympathectomy, but that they provide interesting elements to be confronted with
      clinical and arteriographic data when deciding on the need for sympathectomy.

PMID- 4031688
TI  - [Predictive value of the reactive hyperemia test as an indicator for lumbar
      sympathectomy].
AB  - Seventy-five patients had a lumbar sympathectomy for chronic arteritis of the
      lower limbs. This study was done to assess the predictive value of Hillestad's
      test (potential of vasodilatation) and that of the deep breath test (sympathic
      stimulation), realised by digital strain gauge plethysmography. Were considered a
      success the patients with claudication who doubled their walking distance and
      those with rest pain or gangrene who suffered no more or healed. Globally
      speaking, 49% were a success. A positive response to Hillestad's test was
      followed by an 83% overall success rate. For claudicants with femoropopliteal
      lesions the predictive success rate was 95% with a positive Hillestad's test,
      against 60% globally; for patients with rest pain or gangrene or with distal
      lesions the success probability was around 60% if Hillestad's test was positive.
      A negative response to Hillestad's test was always followed by a failure in
      diabetics. A better predictability ought to be obtained with the adjunction of a
      deep breath test.

PMID- 4031689
TI  - [Clinical results of lumbar sympathectomy as a function of the amplification
      factor of Hillestad's reactive hyperemia test. Apropos of a series of 72 cases of
      isolated lumbar sympathectomies].
AB  - The efficacy of isolated lumbar sympathectomy was studied in 72 patients (36 with
      claudication, 36 with permanent ischemia) as a function of results of Hillestad's
      reactive hyperemia test (R.H.T.). Results were also assessed as a function of
      glucose tolerance, of the stage in Leriche and Fontaine's classification, of
      angiographic data, of certain pre-operative vascular function exploratory test
      parameters: systolic index at the ankle, digital pulsatility, segmental impedance
      plethysmography (irrigraphy), the tibial artery score and particularly the value
      for R.H.T. in the lower limb contralateral to the one for which sympathectomy was
      performed. Good results are very probable when the R.H.T. is positive or
      indifferent only in the lower limb for which sympathectomy is performed. Results
      were in fact better as the R.H.T. became more positive. Failure of treatment is
      very probable when the R.H.T. is indifferent in both lower limbs, particularly
      when the limb involved has an ankle systolic pressure lower than 0.25, an
      irrigraphic index lower than 0.10, the digital pulsatility has disappeared and
      the tibial artery score is 2/6 or less.

PMID- 4031690
TI  - [Study of the muscular perfusion of the lower limbs using thallium 201
      scintigraphy before and after lumbar sympathectomy in 13 patients].
AB  - Scintigraphy with 201-Thallium is a useful method for exploring muscle
      circulation in lower limbs of patients with arteritis. Comparative values with
      time can be obtained by studying respective isotopic activity ratios of the
      thigh, calf and foot. Unilateral isolated lumbar sympathectomy was performed in
      13 patients for arteriopathy of the lower limbs (7 claudications, 4 isolated
      trophic disorders, 1 thrash-foot and 1 juvenile arteriopathy). Investigations
      included clinical and arteriographic explorations and functional tests (Doppler,
      distal pressure, digital plethysmography and 201-Thallium muscle scintigraphy)
      before and after operation. Pathology of the sympathetic chain was determined in
      each case. Short-term (2 weeks) follow up examinations gave data showing absence
      of correlation between the operative procedure and scintigraphy results. Muscle
      perfusion was improved in only 3 cases: one presented paradoxical improvement
      contralateral to the sympathectomy, while no change from the pre-operative values
      was recorded in 9 patients. The findings raise questions concerning the
      reproducibility of the scintigraphic method, and also confirm the pathogenic
      hypothesis by which lumbar sympathectomy has only a limited effect on muscle
      circulation.

PMID- 4031691
TI  - [The indications for lumbar sympathectomy as a function of clinical findings and
      of the results of the angiographic test].
AB  - Indications for lumbar sympathectomy are presented as a function of the clinical
      findings and results of angiography, voluntarily ignoring data from non-invasive
      vascular function tests, in an attempt to answer two questions. Firstly, can the
      decision to perform lumbar sympathectomy depend on clinical findings only in
      1983? Secondly, is angiography essential in all cases before sympathectomy? The
      positive response to both questions is based on a study of approximately 2,300
      case reports.

PMID- 4031692
TI  - Biased intrachromosomal gene conversion in a chromosome lineage.
AB  - A model for the evolution of a family of tandemly repeated genes in a single
      chromosome lineage under intrachromosomal gene conversion [43] is analyzed
      further and extended. Direct and diffusion approximations are derived for the
      exact fixation probabilities, mean time to fixation or loss, and mean conditional
      fixation time of Nagylaki and Petes [43]. The distribution of the number of
      variant repeats under the joint action of gene conversion and reversible mutation
      is investigated; exact and approximate expressions are derived for the stationary
      distribution. It is shown that conversional bias greatly increases the amount of
      sequence homogeneity at equilibrium. The diffusion processes studied here also
      apply to selection and mutation in a finite population, and some new results are
      established for that classical problem.

PMID- 4031693
TI  - Carrier facilitated diffusion.
AB  - The concept of a mobile carrier combining reversibly with a substrate is
      considered as a possible mechanism for facilitated transport across biological
      membranes. The mathematical model is a system of three reaction diffusion
      equations with certain boundary conditions. Two limiting cases are discussed in
      detail: The case of a "thin" membrane where the diffusion of bound and unbound
      carrier from one surface to the other may be simulated by a single jump. If the
      diffusion rate of the substance to be transported is small, then an approximate
      stationary solution is derived using singular perturbation theory. Finally, the
      results of numerical simulations are presented for a wide range of parameters.

PMID- 4031694
TI  - Eye movements and the enhancement of edges.
AB  - A mathematical examination of retinal photochemistry leads to a hypothesis for
      Mach band phenomena based on eye movements. This retinal model suggests why
      minimally distinct borders fade under eye fixation and agrees qualitatively with
      subjective measures of border contrast as a function of overall field luminance.

PMID- 4031695
TI  - Permanent coexistence in general models of three interacting species.
AB  - We address the question of the long term coexistence of three interacting species
      whose dynamics are governed by the ordinary differential equations xi = xifi(i =
      1,2,3). In order for any theory in this area to be useful in practice, it must
      utilize as little information as possible concerning the forms of the fi, in view
      of the great difficulty of determining these experimentally. Here we obtain,
      under rather general conditions on the equations, a criterion for judging whether
      the species will coexist in a biologically realistic manner. This criterion
      depends only on the behaviour near the one or two species equilibria of the two
      dimensional subsystems, the behaviour there being relatively easy to examine
      experimentally. We show that with the exception of one class of cases, which is a
      generalization of a classical example of May and Leonard [21], invasibility at
      each such equilibrium suitably interpreted is both necessary and sufficient for a
      strong form of coexistence to hold. In the exceptional case, a single additional
      condition at the equilibria is enough to ensure coexistence.

PMID- 4031696
TI  - Dimension reduction projection and our perception of evolution.
AB  - The evolution of a species can be viewed as a trajectory in multidimensional
      space. What we perceive is only a low dimensional projection from the total
      dimensionality necessary to fully describe a species. Motivated by the phenomenon
      of punctuated equilibria, it is shown that there are projections of gradualistic
      evolution which will have a punctuated character. However, whether our eyes and
      minds would choose such a projection of the total phenotype is not resolved.

PMID- 4031697
TI  - The early growth of cancer.
AB  - In this paper, we compare two types of stochastic models for the initial growth
      of cancerous tumors. In one type, the random element enters via the initial time
      of growth or via the initial size of the growth clone. In the other type, tumors
      differ from one another essentially via their growth rates. We present a simple
      test to distinguish between the two types when tumor size distributions are
      available from several time points. Size distributions are the key elements of
      such kinetic analysis given the limitation that an individual tumor can be
      measured only once, at the time of sacrifice of an experimental animal. We
      discuss these concepts in connection with data from particular experiments on
      carcinogenic growth in the livers of mice.

PMID- 4031698
TI  - Multiple stable recurrent outbreaks and predictability in seasonally forced
      nonlinear epidemic models.
AB  - A seasonally forced nonlinear SEIR epidemic model is used to simulate small and
      large amplitude periodic outbreaks. The model is shown to exhibit bistable
      behavior for a fixed set of parameters. Basins of attraction for each recurrent
      outbreak are computed, and it is shown that the basins of two coexisting stable
      outbreaks are intertwined in a complicated manner. The effect of such a basin
      structure is shown to result in an obstruction in predicting asymptotically the
      type of outbreak given an uncertainty in the initial population of susceptibles
      and infectives.

PMID- 4031699
TI  - Generalized stable population theory.
AB  - In generalizing stable population theory we give sufficient, then necessary
      conditions under which a population subject to time dependent vital rates reaches
      an asymptotic stable exponential equilibrium (as if mortality and fertility were
      constant). If chi 0 (t) is the positive solution of the characteristic equation
      associated with the linear birth process at time t, then rapid convergence of chi
      0 (t) to chi 0 and convergence of mortality rates produce a stable exponential
      equilibrium with asymptotic growth rate chi 0-1. Convergence of chi 0 (t) to chi
      0 and convergence of mortality rates are necessary. Therefore the two sets of
      conditions are very close. Various implications of these results are discussed
      and a conjecture is made in the continuous case.

PMID- 4031700
TI  - Heat stress in athletes.

PMID- 4031701
TI  - Screening high school athletes.

PMID- 4031703
TI  - Diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 4031702
TI  - Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy.

PMID- 4031704
TI  - Post-polio syndrome.

PMID- 4031706
TI  - Time for rewording "annual".

PMID- 4031705
TI  - A sense of the future.

PMID- 4031707
TI  - Influenza surveillance at Siriraj Hospital: 1979-1983.

PMID- 4031708
TI  - Asbestos bodies in randomised autopsy lungs in Thailand.

PMID- 4031709
TI  - Mullerian duct anomalies and unilateral renal agenesis: report of 21 cases from
      Ramathibodi Hospital.

PMID- 4031711
TI  - Smoking among medical students.

PMID- 4031710
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction in the young.

PMID- 4031712
TI  - Tuberculin reaction in Thai infants after BCG vaccination at birth.

PMID- 4031713
TI  - Erythropoietic protoporphyria: a first case report in Thailand and family study.

PMID- 4031714
TI  - Hamartoma of the tongue.

PMID- 4031715
TI  - Bacterial tracheitis, a case report.

PMID- 4031716
TI  - Prospective study of adverse drug reactions of antihypertensive drugs in Thai
      outpatients.

PMID- 4031717
TI  - The reversal of female sterilization by microsurgery: experiences with first 50
      cases.

PMID- 4031718
TI  - Pharyngeal colonization by gram-negative bacilli in ambulatory diabetics.

PMID- 4031719
TI  - The hemoglobinopathies in iron deficiency patients.

PMID- 4031720
TI  - False reactive nonstress tests in postterm pregnancies.

PMID- 4031721
TI  - Calcified uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst: a case report.

PMID- 4031722
TI  - Papillary and glandular meningiomas: report of two cases.

PMID- 4031723
TI  - Electrocardiographic estimate of peak systolic pressure gradient in children with
      aortic stenosis.
AB  - In children with congenital aortic stenosis a modified mapping system was created
      to explore the electrocardiographic potentials on the chest surface from the left
      sternal edge (direct anterior), left axillary line (direct lateral) and midchest
      (45 degrees anterior to the lateral lead) in the third through the seventh
      intercostal spaces. Potentials were normalized according to chest size based on
      elliptical and cylindrical models of the chest with the heart at the center. The
      unadjusted and adjusted potentials were correlated with the peak systolic
      gradients across the left ventricular outflow tract and equations to predict the
      gradients were derived by stepwise multiple regression analysis. The best
      equation was: Gradient = -15.0 +(3.845 X MCT 4) +(0.474 X CD X LSS 3) + (0.138 X
      CD X MCS 3) where MCT 4 = T wave amplitude in the lead in the fourth interspace
      in the midclavicular line CD = AP chest diameter in cm LSS 3 = S wave amplitude
      in the lead in the third interspace at the left sternal border MCS 3 = S wave
      amplitude in the lead in the third interspace in the midclavicular line (R =
      0.84, SEE = 24.3) There are areas on the chest surface that are unexplored by
      standard electrocardiography. The electrocardiographic potentials from these
      areas, when normalized for chest size, yield better estimates of transaortic
      gradients than previous estimates from the routine electrocardiogram.

PMID- 4031724
TI  - Localization of cardiac ectopic activity in man by a single moving dipole.
      Comparison of different computation techniques.
AB  - The accuracy of different computation techniques for the non-invasive
      localization of cardiac ectopic activity was evaluated. Body surface potentials
      were recorded from 63 leads in 14 patients with implanted pacemakers. The
      location, orientation and magnitude of a single moving dipole (SMD) were computed
      from the first eight terms of a truncated multipole expansion estimated from the
      body surface potentials. The SMD trajectories obtained during the QRS complex
      were plotted along with the heart outlines and pacing leads obtained
      independently from chest x-rays. The origin of the SMD trajectories was compared
      to the position of the pacing lead to evaluate the accuracy of the SMD. The
      optimum computation technique used a least-squares (LS) estimation of the
      multipole expansion truncated at 15 multipoles, in conjunction with a torso model
      that included regions of lower conductivity representing the lungs. With this
      method, the SMD trajectories originated near the pacing lead (25 +/- 12 mm) and
      adequately represented the progression of the ectopic wavefront across the entire
      heart silhouette. With the LS techniques using 8 or 24 multipoles, the spans of
      the trajectories were respectively too short, or too long to cover the heart, and
      the average distance between the SMD at QRS onset and the pacing lead was larger.
      With a surface integration technique, the SMD-pacing lead distances were similar,
      both for a finite homogeneous torso model with a fixed geometry, as well as for
      torso models adapted to the torso geometry of each patient. The SMD was found
      adequate to represent the progression of an ectopic wavefront, and to localize
      its origin in man.

PMID- 4031725
TI  - Effects of tachycardia with normal and ectopic ventricular activation on S-T
      segment potential and patterns in the dog.
AB  - Tachycardia induced by atrial pacing in the dog increases the intensity of
      potentials recorded on the body surface during the ST-T interval. The effects of
      tachycardia caused by ectopic right or left ventricular stimulation on
      ventricular recovery potentials were studied in 30 dogs. Rate was increased in a
      stopwise manner from 90 to 250 beats per minute by atrial pacing (ten dogs), or
      by left atrial-right ventricular sequential pacing (ten dogs), or by left atrial
      left ventricular sequential pacing (ten dogs). ECG effects were determined by
      construction of body surface isopotential maps from voltages registered from 84
      torso electrodes using a P-R segment baseline. Ectopic stimulation intensified
      the repolarization maximum and shifted its location to correspond with sites of
      epicardial stimulation. These findings reflect a reduced cancellation of
      transventricular differences in recovery times, with earliest recovery occurring
      at earliest activated sites. Increasing rate with any one activation pattern
      linearly increased potential extrema magnitudes without further changes of
      spatial features. This singular response to tachycardia regardless of activation
      sequence is consistent with an increase in the apparent moment of a
      repolarization dipole without alteration of its orientation.

PMID- 4031726
TI  - P-wave changes in obstructive and restrictive lung diseases.
AB  - To evaluate the P wave changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) in chronic lung
      diseases, we examined ECGs from twenty patients with interstitial pulmonary
      fibrosis (the FLD group) and twenty patients with chronic obstructive lung
      disease (fifteen with pulmonary emphysema and five with bronchial asthma, the
      COLD group). In the COLD group, the amplitude of P waves in leads II and III
      increased and the axis of the P wave shifted rightward. In the FLD group,
      however, these changes were not observed. Furthermore, the axis of the P wave
      exceeded +70 degrees in all the patients in the COLD group, and was less than +70
      degrees for all the patients in the FLD group. The increased P wave terminal
      force in lead V1 was found in nine patients (45%) of the FLD group and in ten
      patients (50%) in the COLD group. We concluded that the rightward shift of the
      axis of the P wave was a characteristic of obstructive lung disease and that it
      was mainly caused by the overinflation of the lung. This P wave change was not
      observed in interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

PMID- 4031727
TI  - Normal variations in body surface electrocardiographic potential distributions
      during QRS: effects of exercise and exercise training.
AB  - Total body surface electrocardiographic potential distributions, oxygen uptake
      (VO2), blood pressure and heart rate were monitored during maximal exercise
      procedures performed by 26 normal adult subjects (male and female) covering a
      range from sedentary to fit. Normal variations in the exercise response of the
      ECG during QRS were found not to be related to variations in the level of
      cardiovascular fitness as quantified by maximal VO2 or to variations in maximal
      heart rate and blood pressure. In a second experiment, seven sedentary adult
      female subjects underwent an exercise training protocol for ten weeks. Maximal
      exercise tests were performed before and after the training period. Exercise
      induced changes in the ECG during QRS were not affected by the physical training.
      We conclude that normal variations in the exercise response of the ECG during QRS
      are not related to the level of cardiovascular fitness of the subject.

PMID- 4031728
TI  - Evaluation of transthoracic countershock with initial energy levels up to 200 J
      in a coronary care unit.
AB  - In a five year prospective study, transthoracic countershock of patients in the
      coronary care unit was evaluated with respect to efficacy, transthoracic
      resistance and arrhythmias. Those patients dying within 12 hours of the recorded
      event are referred to as agonal patients. Atrial arrhythmias were generally first
      treated with quinidine or disopyramide and/or a digitalis preparation. Patients
      with coronary heart disease were treated with lidocaine, disopyramide, or
      verapamil when there was time for appropriate diagnosis. The efficacy of the
      first shock with an energy level between 50 J and 200 J in non-agonal patients
      was: for atrial fibrillation, 44% (N = 34), and between 83% and 93% for
      tachycardias and ventricular fibrillation. The cumulative efficacy of two shocks
      with energy levels between 50 J and 200 J was: in atrial fibrillation 53% and
      others between 90% and 96%. In agonal patients with ventricular fibrillation and
      acute myocardial infarction the efficacy of one shock of 100-150 J was 39% and
      two shocks of 100-200 J, 69% (N = 13). No correlation was found between the
      transthoracic resistance and parameters such as body-weight, length or thorax
      circumference, indicating that these should not be taken into account in the
      choice of the energy level for countershock. In non-agonal patients without
      coronary heart disease arrhythmias due to countershock increased in duration when
      the energy of the countershock increased (p less than 0.01, N = 39). It is
      concluded that the initial stored energy for defibrillation and cardioversion of
      nonagonal patients in a coronary care unit may be limited to 200 J (160 J
      delivered energy), even with atrial fibrillation after drug therapy in which case
      an initial energy level of 200 J seems more appropriate.

PMID- 4031730
TI  - Holter ECG study of the electrocardiographic phenomena in Prinzmetal angina
      attacks with emphasis on the study of ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - The ECG phenomena in 20 outpatients (121 episodes) suffering from variant angina
      with transient ST segment elevation greater than 1.5 mm. (Prinzmetal angina) were
      studied by Holter monitoring. The most important changes in the ECG morphology
      were: a) increased height of the R wave in all cases, b) the S wave decreased or
      disappeared, c) the ST segment elevation varied from 1.5 to 38 mm, d) the TQ
      interval was ascending in 78 episodes, e) there was a double alternance of ST-TQ
      in 20 episodes and f) the first modification of the ECG was an increase of the T
      wave height. Arrhythmias were seen in 19 patients (44 episodes). The most
      frequent were premature ventricular contractions. The prevalence and importance
      of the ventricular arrhythmias were statistically related to the duration of the
      episodes (p less than 0.005), the degree of the ST segment elevation (p less than
      0.005), the presence of ST-TQ alternance (p less than 0.005) and the presence of
      increased R wave greater than 25% (p less than 0.025).

PMID- 4031729
TI  - Sinus node echoes and concealed concealed conduction: additional sinus node
      phenomena confirmed in man by direct sinus node electrography.
AB  - Direct sinus node electrography has been previously used to assess several
      aspects of sinus node physiology: sinus node pauses, overdrive suppression,
      sinoatrial entrance block. This report presents data in which sinus node
      electrograms confirm two additional physiologic phenomena in man: concealed
      conduction in the sinoatrial junction and sinus node reentry. These findings
      verify the presence of previously suspected phenomena by careful deductive
      analysis of electrocardiographic and electrographic tracings.

PMID- 4031731
TI  - Epicardial isopotential mapping from body surface isopotential mapping in
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - It is useful to construct the epicardial isopotential mapping (the Ep Map) from
      the body surface isopotential mapping (the Body Map) for clinical diagnosis of
      cardiac disease, even though there are many unsolved problems in using the
      inverse solution. Yamashita et al. carried out this solution by using the finite
      element technique. In the present study, the clinical value of that method has
      been investigated in cases of myocardial infarction. The Ep Maps at 20, 25 and 30
      msec. from the beginning of the QRS complex were obtained from the Body Map at
      the same time by using that method; the infarcted areas on the Ep Map were
      determined by using Toyama's method which was reported in a previous study. The
      infarcted area at 30 msec. on the Ep Map was located at the anterior wall along
      the ventricular septum in anterior infarction and at the posterior wall of the
      left ventricle in inferoposterior infarction. Patients were independently
      examined with the scintigram with thallium-201 and the infarcted area was
      coincident to the location of the abnormal findings of the scintigram. Moreover,
      the size of the infarcted area on the Ep Map and the size of the abnormal
      findings of the scintigram were parallel in most cases except one.

PMID- 4031732
TI  - Effect of perfusion rate of cholinergic agonist on sinus node automaticity.
AB  - Recent evidence supports a complex relationship between pressure in the sinus
      node artery and heart rate. In addition, it has been suggested that acetylcholine
      effects vary depending upon the pressure at which the drug is injected. We
      examined the cardiac chronotropic responses to acetylcholine, delivered via the
      sinus node artery using a constant flow perfusion technique. Dogs were
      anesthetized with chloralose and prepared to record ECG, arterial pressure and
      bipolar electrograms from the sinus node, sulcus terminalis, right atrium, right
      ventricle and His bundle. The sinus node artery was catheterized, distribution
      verified and autologously perfused via the femoral artery. Both vagi and both
      stellate ganglia were transected. Analog data were processed by computer for each
      cycle length during perfusion with normal Tyrode solution or Tyrode solution
      containing acetylcholine. Perfusion of normal Tyrode solution (1-4ml/min)
      resulted in prolongation in cycle length which was greater at higher flow rates
      but rapidly dissipated at all flow rates. Beyond mechanically-induced
      bradycardia, acetylcholine initially prolonged cycle length but cycle length
      prolongation faded with time. Delivery of acetylcholine at higher flow rates
      resulted in significantly greater prolongation of cycle length. Cycle length
      always returned back toward control although perfusion of acetylcholine
      continued. Thus, responses to acetylcholine are influenced not only by drug
      concentration but also by the flow rate at which the drug is delivered. This
      suggests a coupling of mechanical and pharmacologic components of chronotropic
      influences at the sinus node.

PMID- 4031733
TI  - Amitriptyline-induced Torsade de Pointes. Successful therapy with atrial pacing.
AB  - The author reports a case of Torsade de Pointes secondary to Amitriptyline
      overdose in an attempted suicide. Mechanism of tachycardia and guidelines for
      treatment are reviewed.

PMID- 4031734
TI  - Formation of the notochord in living ascidian embryos.
AB  - The dynamic behaviour of cells during formation of the notochord in the ascidian,
      Ciona intestinalis, was examined by means of Differential Interference Contrast
      (DIC) microscopy and time-lapse videorecording. The initial rudiment is formed in
      part as a consequence of the pattern of mitotic divisions as the blastopore
      shifts posteriorly. Vertical and horizontal rearrangements produce an elongate
      rod of disc-shaped cells stacked end to end. Further elongation is accompanied by
      a cell shape change. Some cell growth or swelling is indicated to occur later in
      development, but this growth appears to contribute mostly to an increase in the
      diameter, and only insignificantly to the length of the notochord. Intracellular
      vacuoles that appear around 13 h after fertilization increase in size and fuse at
      about 16 h form intercellular ones. These in turn merge to form the central
      matrix core of the notochord at around 18 to 20 h. As the notochord elongates and
      cells change in shape, the basal surfaces bleb actively. This surface activity
      may be related to formation of the perinotochordal sheath.

PMID- 4031735
TI  - Paths taken sensory nerve fibres in aneural chick wing buds.
AB  - What constrains growing nerves to follow the paths they take during the
      development of peripheral nerve patterns? This paper examines two, related,
      topics concerning the pathways taken by sensory nerve fibres in the embryo chick
      wing: the constraints imposed on the nerves by limb tissues; and the timing of
      axon outgrowth. Sensory ganglia from 7-day-old chick embryos were grafted into
      younger host embryo wing buds which had been previously denervated. The resultant
      nerve patterns revealed that, first, nerve fibres could grow almost anywhere
      within the wing bud, with the exceptions of cartilage and a region just beneath
      the growing tip. Secondly, the younger the host wing bud at the time of grafting,
      the more likely the neurites were to form a thick fascicle which followed the
      limb's normal nerve pathways. The wing apparently does not impose a rigid
      restraint on nerves to grow only along certain routes; however, if a nerve fibre
      reaches a normal nerve pathway, it prefers to follow it.

PMID- 4031736
TI  - Trophectodermal carcinoma: mouse teratocarcinoma-derived tumour stem cells
      differentiating into trophoblastic and yolk sac elements.
AB  - The transplantable tumour line derived from a spontaneous ovarian murine
      teratocarcinoma (Fekete & Ferigno, 1952) was cloned and characterized using light
      and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques. Grown in ascites,
      the tumour consisted predominantly of stem cells and a small number of
      differentiated derivatives. The stem cells expressed surface reactivity with
      antibody to SSEA-3 and Forssman antigen, alkaline phosphatase, focal cytoplasmic
      reactivity with antibody to SSEA-1, and varying amounts of cytoplasmic glycogen
      and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Their cytoskeleton reacted with
      antibodies to keratin and vimentin. The differentiated derivatives formed
      approximately 5-15% of the total cell population in ascites and appeared either
      as giant cells or were characterized by their reactivity with antibodies to H-2
      or alpha-foetoprotein or intracellular and pericellular laminin or high levels of
      3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Solid tumours produced from
      subcutaneously injected cells had a variegated appearance suggesting, that like
      the limited differentiation in the ascites, the stem cells can give rise to
      trophoblastic, as well as parietal and visceral yolk sac elements. On the basis
      of the presented data the tumour stem cells were considered as representing
      malignant equivalents of the common precursor of trophoblastic, visceral and
      parietal yolk sac cells most likely corresponding to trophectoderm. Accordingly,
      the tumour was designated as trophectodermal carcinoma.

PMID- 4031737
TI  - Pioneering and pathfinding by an identified neuron in the embryonic leech.
AB  - Numerous investigations of pathfinding by embryonic neurons, including many leech
      neurons, have demonstrated that pathfinding is precise. Neurons project the
      correct number of growth cones which grow to their target areas by making
      specific choices along the way. However, one leech mechanosensory neuron, the
      dorsal P (PD) neuron, is unusual in the sense that it initially projects an
      excessive number of growth cones. One of the growth cones will form the
      peripheral axon while the others are eliminated. This suggests that PD is one of
      the earliest neurons to project a peripheral axon, i.e., it may pioneer a
      peripheral nerve, and that it searches with its multiple growth cones for an
      external cue which can guide it to its target area. Examination of the early PD
      axon with light and electron microscopy reveals that it indeed is the first
      growth cone in its nerve and that it grows in contact with a large non-neuronal
      (DV) cell until it reaches its target area. The DV cell has a unique morphology
      and location: a large cell body with thin flat processes extending from the edge
      of the ganglion to the target area of the PD. It is also present with its unique
      morphology prior to axonal outgrowth by the PD neuron. These features suggest
      that the DV cell may be an attractive substrate and/or axonal guidance cue for
      the PD peripheral axon and therefore for the entire peripheral nerve.

PMID- 4031738
TI  - The distribution of the polarizing zone (ZPA) in the legbud of the chick embryo.
AB  - The stage-21 to 22 legbud polarizing zone (ZPA) was mapped by transplanting small
      blocks of posterior marginal mesenchyme preaxially into stage-20 to -22 chick
      wing buds and assessing the degree of duplication of the wing digital skeleton
      produced in the host. Blocks taken from the posterior flank, from the angle
      between posterior flank and the proximal base of the limb bud, and from the most
      anterior distal position chosen (under the AER), all had very low activity.
      Blocks taken from the posterior margin of the legbud, plus the next distal block
      under the posterior part of the AER, all had high activity. We consider that
      barrier and amputation results on wing and legbud, when interpreted in the light
      of maps of the ZPA in both limb buds, are consistent with the hypothesis that
      both leg and wing have their growth and anteroposterior axis of pattern formation
      controlled by the ZPA.

PMID- 4031739
TI  - Genetic identification of tissue of origin of cellular populations within the
      mouse placenta.
AB  - The mouse haemochorial placenta is a complex mixture of maternal cells and foetal
      trophectoderm and inner cell mass (ICM)-derived cells. The majority of the
      placental tissue is assumed to be trophoblast in origin but the exact extent and
      localization of the ICM and maternal contribution has not previously been
      determined. Using embryo transfer and reconstituted blastocyst techniques,
      combined with isozymal and in situ genetic markers, we have established that
      about 70% of the 13 to 15-day placenta is trophectoderm-derived, 30% is maternal
      in origin, and 4% develops from the ICM. Nearly all of the maternal contribution
      was confined to the spongiotrophoblast region and all of the ICM contribution was
      confined to the labyrinthine trophoblast region, where it formed the foetal blood
      capillaries and the endodermal sinuses. Using the same genetic markers, we showed
      that cell suspension techniques commonly used to produce 'trophoblast' cell
      preparations from placenta do not enrich for trophoblast, and, indeed, that
      collagenase, the preferred dissociation technique for cell viability, produced
      cell suspensions in which ICM and maternal cells were preferentially dissociated.
      No method for producing pure trophoblast populations has yet been found. Some
      unusually high ICM contributions to the placenta were found in reconstituted
      blastocyst experiments using ICMs isolated from early 3.5-day blastocysts,
      suggesting that these ICMs may have contributed to the trophectoderm layer of the
      blastocyst. These and other experiments suggest that the inner cell mass lineage
      may not be closed until some time after formation of the blastocyst.

PMID- 4031740
TI  - Cautery-induced colour patterns in Precis coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).
AB  - Cautery of the dorsal hindwing in the butterfly, Precis coenia, induces the
      formation of a concentric colour pattern around the site of injury. The induced
      pattern is identical in pigmentation to the eyespots that normally develop on
      this wing surface. This response to cautery also occurs, though much less
      dramatically, on the ventral forewing. In addition to the peculiar response to
      cautery, the dorsal hindwing of Precis also develops a series of unique pattern
      aberrations in response to coldshock. These consist of irregular elongation of
      the anterior eyespot along the proximodistal axis of the wing. In the most
      dramatic aberrations the eyespot field covers the entire anterior half of the
      wing surface. An analysis is presented that attempts to reconcile the effects of
      cautery on the Precis hindwing with the very different morphological effects of
      cautery on the colour pattern of Ephestia kuhniella, described by Kuhn & Von
      Engelhardt. Computer simulations reveal that the finding presented in this paper,
      as well as the classical work on Ephestia, can both be explained by assuming that
      the site of cautery becomes a sink for one of the morphogens involved in colour
      pattern determination. The experimental findings furthermore indicate that minor
      perturbations of the wing epidermis can evoke the physiological conditions that
      attend normal eyespot determination. It is shown that this interpretation also
      helps to explain the unusual pattern modifications following coldshock.

PMID- 4031741
TI  - Transferrin in foetal and adult mouse tissues: synthesis, storage and secretion.
AB  - Transferrin is an important growth-promoting serum glycoprotein synthesized
      chiefly in the liver in adults. The transferrin found in the mouse foetus is
      thought to be wholly a product of the foetus itself and its synthesis starts at
      lest as early as the 7th day of gestation. The major sites of synthesis in mouse
      foetuses are the visceral yolk sac (VYS) and liver (Adamson, 1982). We now report
      that other murine foetal tissues synthesize readily detectable amounts, namely
      lung, spleen, spinal cord and rib cage. Very low levels are also synthesized by
      the brain, muscle and pancreas. We can detect no synthesis of transferrin in late
      foetal thymus, heart or skin although mid-gestation foetal skin may make a very
      small amount. No synthesis of transferrin can be detected in adult brain, lung
      and spleen, but approximately equal rates of synthesis are detected in adult
      liver and adult ear pinna. Transferrin is accumulated by foetal and adult tissues
      in widely varying amounts and these have been measured by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assays of extracts. In addition to VYS and liver, high levels of
      transferrin are found in foetal skin, lung and rib cage with lower amounts in
      spinal cord, spleen and muscle tissues. Tissues of the 15th day foetus accumulate
      the highest concentrations of transferrin. A role for the mediation of
      transferrin in the stimulation of growth and differentiation by interaction
      tissues is discussed.

PMID- 4031742
TI  - Stimulation of division in mouse 3T3 cells by coculture with embryonic chick limb
      tissue.
AB  - Two regions of the chick limb bud--the apical ectodermal ridge and the zone of
      polarizing activity--have been shown to influence cell division and pattern
      formation during normal development and following surgical manipulation. In this
      study, using a simple coculture system, together with autoradiography, we have
      shown that these morphogenetically active regions of the limb bud can stimulate
      quiescent 3T3 cells to initiate DNA synthesis to a significantly greater degree
      than comparable but morphogenetically inactive regions of the limb bud.

PMID- 4031743
TI  - Development of synapses between identified sensory neurones and giant
      interneurones in the cockroach Periplaneta americana.
AB  - The cercal afferent, giant interneurone pathway in Periplaneta americana was used
      as a model for synapse formation. The morphology of the two identified filiform
      hair sensory neurones (FHSNs) and of two giant interneurones (GI2 and GI3) was
      followed throughout embryogenesis by cobalt injection. The FHSN axons enter the
      CNS at the 45% stage of embryogenesis, branch at 50% and form complete
      arborizations by 70%. The giant interneurones send out a primary dendrite at 45%.
      Secondary branches form between 50% and 60% and elaboration of the branching
      pattern takes place until 80% embryogenesis. At early stages the FHSN axons are
      within filopodial range of GI dendrites which may use these sensory processes as
      guidance cues. Synapse formation between the main FHSN axon shafts and GI
      dendrites was investigated by injection of the latter with HRP. From 55% to 65%
      the process is initiated by desmosome-like filopodial contacts, with subsequent
      vesicle clustering and formation of a small synaptic density. Numbers of contacts
      did not significantly increase after about 70%, but the number of synapses
      doubled between 65% and 75%, with each GI process becoming postsynaptic to two
      FHSN synapses and the presynaptic densities lengthening to become bars. From 75%
      embryogenesis to hatching there is a further small increase in synaptic bar
      length. In the first instar GI3 is postsynaptic to both FHSN axons, whereas GI2
      forms very few synapses with the axon of the lateral FHSN (LFHSN). This imbalance
      of contacts is present throughout synaptogenesis, apart from some early
      filopodial contacts. GI3 forms synapses with the lateral side of the LFHSN axon
      from 60% embryogenesis but these are totally absent at hatching. The growth of
      glia along this side of the axon during the last 30% of development appears to be
      associated with degeneration of synapses in this region. Thus, as the dendrites
      of the GIs grow to form a miniature version of the adult without loss of
      branches, there is little evidence of an initial overproduction of FHSN-GI
      synapses. Similarly there is no evidence that GI2 forms 'incorrect' synapses with
      the axon of LFHSN. However, GI3 contacts are removed from an inappropriate region
      of a correct synaptic partner, LFHSN.

PMID- 4031744
TI  - Comparative effects of cathepsin inhibitors on rat embryonic development in
      vitro. Evidence that cathepsin D is unimportant in the proteolytic function of
      yolk sac.
AB  - The effects of two proteinase inhibitors, leupeptin and pepstatin on the
      development of 9.5-day rat conceptuses in vitro has been studied. All cultures
      were of 48 h duration and the inhibitors were present throughout the entire
      period. When pepstatin was added to the culture medium (5-25 micrograms/ml)
      conceptuses developed and grew to an extent that did not differ from untreated
      controls. However, leupeptin (1-4 micrograms/ml) caused severe growth retardation
      and abnormal development of conceptuses. The effects of the two inhibitors on the
      hydrolysis of 125I-labelled BSA and haemoglobin by homogenates of 10.5-day yolk
      sac indicated the biochemical basis for the differential toxic effects of the two
      inhibitors on development. Leupeptin was highly inhibitory of the degration of
      both substrates whereas pepstatin caused no inhibition of 125I-labelled BSA
      hydrolysis, and only a slight inhibition of haemoglobin hydrolysis. These
      observations demonstrate that cathepsin D, a lysosomal aspartic proteinase that
      is specifically inhibited by pepstatin is not involved in yolk-sac-mediated
      protein utilization by early organogenesis-phase conceptuses and that lysosomal
      cysteine proteinases, specifically inhibited by leupeptin, are of paramount
      importance in this yolk sac function.

PMID- 4031745
TI  - Regeneration of axolotl hindlimbs bearing surgically created discontinuities in
      the anterior-posterior axis.
AB  - The pattern regulation process in amphibian limbs has been examined with respect
      to the presence of discontinuities in the anterior-posterior (a-p) axis. Limbs
      bearing such discontinuities were surgically created by contralateral exchange of
      either dorsal or ventral half thighs and these limbs were then amputated
      immediately after surgery. The results demonstrate that a-p discontinuities lead
      to the formation of extra limb structures during distal outgrowth in contrast to
      the mosaic behaviour of comparable limb stumps which contain dorsal-ventral (d-v)
      discontinuities (Holder & Weekes, 1984). It is evident, therefore, that pattern
      regulation in the transverse limb axes is accomplished by basically different
      mechanisms. The structure of the limbs in the present study was examined in
      Victoria-blue-stained wholemounts and serial sections. The results allow some
      discussion of the basic mechanisms for pattern regulation in the two transverse
      limb axes and the relationship between them.

PMID- 4031746
TI  - Developmental variability within and between mouse expanding blastocysts and
      their ICMs.
AB  - We have attempted to reduce the developmental heterogeneity amongst populations
      of mouse blastocysts by synchronizing embryos to the first visible signs of
      blastocoel formation. Using embryos timed in this way, we have examined the
      extent of variation of inside and outside cell number and of inside cell size,
      nuclear DNA content and developmental potential, between and within embryos of a
      similar age postcavitation. The overall impression gained is one of wide
      heterogeneity in inside:outside cell number ratios and in cell cycling and its
      relation to cavitation among embryos of similar age postcavitation. However, the
      simplest explanation of our results suggests that cavitation generally begins at
      a time when most outside cells are in their sixth developmental cell cycle and
      that outside cells, as a population, are a little ahead of inside cells in their
      cell cycling. Additionally we present evidence that, within at least some
      individual inner cell masses (ICM), there is intraembryo variation in the time at
      which inside cell developmental potential becomes restricted.

PMID- 4031747
TI  - In vitro analysis of interactions between sensory neurons and skin: evidence for
      selective innervation of dermis and epidermis.
AB  - Axons from dorsal root ganglion cells cultured in a serum-free medium on poly-L
      lysine or collagen substrates interact differently with dermis and epidermis. The
      orientation of neurite growth is not changed by encountering mesenchymal cells
      migrating from the outgrowth zone of a dermal explant, and neurites form close
      membrane associations with some dermal cells; in contrast, neurites strongly
      avoid epidermis and deviate around the edge of an epidermal explant. When
      cultures are grown on polylysine this avoidance behaviour occurs at a distance
      from the epidermis. It is suppressed in the presence of necrotic epidermal cells.
      We suggest that this avoidance is due to epidermal diffusible factor(s) which
      bind preferentially to polylysine. The possibility of an absence of specific
      recognition cues between neurites and epidermal cells is discussed.

PMID- 4031749
TI  - Polyneuronal innervation of an adult and embryonic lobster muscle.
AB  - Motor innervation of the deep extensor muscle in the abdomen of lobsters (Homarus
      americanus) was compared in adults and embryos using electrophysiological
      techniques. There is widespread innervation of the adult muscle by the common
      excitor and inhibitor axons and regionally restricted or private innervation by
      three more excitor axons. In the embryo the earliest sign of functional
      innervation revealed a single inhibitory and two to three excitatory axons thus
      denoting simultaneous innervation by the full complement of axons. In
      corroboration, serial-section electron microscopy revealed several axon profiles
      invading the embryonic deep extensor muscles and giving rise to well-defined
      neuromuscular synapses with presynaptic dense bars. Innervation patterns to
      homologous regions of the embryonic and adult muscles were similar, consisting of
      a few large inhibitory synapses and many small excitatory ones. Consequently the
      adult pattern of polyneuronal innervation occurs simultaneously and in toto
      during embryonic development.

PMID- 4031748
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (BuChE) activity
      distribution pattern in early developing chick limbs.
AB  - The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (BuChE)
      activities was studied by histochemical, quantitative and electrophoretical
      methods during the early development of chick limbs, from stage 16 to stage 32
      H.H. (Hamburger & Hamilton, 1951). By quantitative methods, true AChE activity
      was found, and increased about threefold during the developmental period,
      together with a smaller amount of BuChE which increased more rapidly in
      comparison with the AChE activity from stage 25 to 32 H.H. Cholinesterase
      activity was histochemically localized mainly in interacting tissues, such as the
      ectoderm (including the apical ectodermal ridge) and the underlying mesenchyme.
      True AChE was histochemically localized around the nuclei and on the plasma
      membrane of ectodermal (including AER) and mesenchymal cells, and at the plasma
      membrane of mesenchymal cell processes reaching the basal lamina between the
      ectoderm and the mesenchyme. AChE together with BuChE activity was found in the
      basal lamina between the ectoderm and the mesenchyme, in underlying mesenchymal
      cells and in deeper mesenchymal cells, especially during their transformation
      into unexpressed chondrocytes. During limb morphogenesis, the cellular and
      regional localization of the enzyme activities showed variations depending on the
      stage of development and on the occurrence of interactions. The possibility of
      morphogenetic functions of the enzyme id discussed.

PMID- 4031750
TI  - Modulation of epidermal cell shaping and extracellular matrix during caudal fin
      morphogenesis in the zebra fish Brachydanio rerio.
AB  - Distinct changes in epidermal cell shaping largely define the overall pattern of
      growth and form during generation of the ectodermal ridge and early stages of fin
      fold morphogenesis. The epidermal portion of the ridge and early fin fold are
      formed from a strip of epidermal cells that is only six to nine cells wide. There
      is apparently no increase in the number of these cells during initial formation
      of the ridge and its subsequent conversion into a fin fold which contains
      extracellular matrix fibres. Epidermal cells adopt a wedge-shaped morphology
      during ridge production. Distinct changes in the shaping and contact
      relationships between basal portions of these cells generate intercellular spaces
      at several discrete loci within the ridge. These spaces become continuous with
      each other to form a subepidermal space. Hence, the subepidermal space is not
      produced by straight-forward folding of an epidermal sheet. Cells flanking the
      sides of the ridge start to flatten as it is converted into a fin fold. A
      continuous row of distinctive cells is positioned along the apex of the
      developing fold. The term 'cleft cells' is suggested for these apical cells. Each
      cleft cell retains a wedge-shaped form during fold formation and develops a basal
      cleft-shaped invagination. Invaginations are aligned in neighbouring cleft cells
      so that these cells cap the distal boundary of the subepidermal space where
      collagenous extracellular fibres called actinotrichia run anteroposteriorly along
      the length of the fin fold. This orientation is in direct contrast to the
      proximodistal orientation of actinotrichia within the remainder of the
      subepidermal space. During early stages of fold production a temporary set of
      previously unreported extracellular cross fibres spans the subepidermal space at
      right angles to actinotrichia. These configurations of extracellular fibres could
      be advantageous for maintaining the structural integrity of the early fin fold.

PMID- 4031751
TI  - Maps of strength of positional signalling activity in the developing chick wing
      bud.
AB  - Tissue from the posterior margin of the developing limb bud, when grafted to the
      anterior margin, evokes the formation of a mirror-image limb duplication from the
      host tissue. We present maps of the spatial and temporal distribution of this
      signalling activity in the chick wing bud based on a bioassay that provides a
      quantitative measure of the completeness of the additional structures (the
      strength of activity index). Activity is first detected prior to the initial
      appearance of the limb primordium as early as Hamburger & Hamilton stage 14. It
      reaches a maximum during early outgrowth of the bud at stages 19 to 25. It then
      declines as the limb starts to differentiate into its final morphological
      pattern. The design of the experiment provides serendipitous data showing that
      two operators can consistently perform grafts with high reproducibility between
      them while variability between embryos is somewhat higher. The maps of activity
      are of particular practical value in precisely defining for the experimental
      embryologist and molecular biologist those positions and stages at which peak
      signalling activity resides.

PMID- 4031752
TI  - Sequence and regulation of morphological and molecular events during the first
      cell cycle of mouse embryogenesis.
AB  - Mouse oocytes were fertilized in vitro and the precise timing and sequence of
      morphological and molecular events occurring during the first cell cycle were
      investigated. The timing of development through the first cell cycle was found to
      be initiated by an event associated with sperm penetration rather than with
      germinal vesicle breakdown. DNA replication is initiated randomly in either
      pronucleus of a given egg, beginning approximately 11 h post insemination (hpi),
      and S phase lasting 6-7 h in both. Careful study of polypeptide synthetic
      profiles revealed three classes of changes in polypeptide synthesis during the
      first few hours of development: fertilization-independent, fertilization
      accelerated, and fertilization-dependent. Pulse-chase experiments and in vitro
      translation of extracted mRNA showed that the changes in polypeptide synthetic
      profile result from differential mRNA activation, differential polypeptide
      turnover and post-translational modifications. These results support the notion
      that following ovulation, development is controlled at two levels. An endogenous
      (oocyte) programme, set in train by the terminal events of oocyte maturation, may
      regulate the 'housekeeping' functions of the egg, while sperm penetration
      activates a further endogenous (fertilization) programme, which may serve to
      initiate subsequent embryogenesis.

PMID- 4031753
TI  - pH affects fruiting and slug orientation in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - We have demonstrated two interesting facts about the transition from the
      migration stage to the final fruiting stage of Dictyostelium discoideum. One is
      that fruiting is favoured on acid substrata, and secondly, migrating slugs tend
      to migrate towards the acid side of a pH gradient. The suggestion is offered that
      these results can be interpreted in terms of the effects of NH3. It appears to be
      an additional mechanism (besides phototaxis and thermotaxis) to assure that the
      final fruiting takes place in a favourable environment.

PMID- 4031754
TI  - The ontogenesis of cranial neuromeres in the rat embryo. I. A scanning electron
      microscope and kinetic study.
AB  - The development of the cranial neuromeres, rostral to the level of the first
      somite, in rat embryos during neurulation is described. Examination of scanning
      electron micrographs of 4-, 8-, 12- and 16-somite-stage embryos has shown that
      the neuromeres develop in a strictly ordered pattern but the sequence is not
      ordered in either a rostrocaudal or caudorostral direction. The two mesomeres are
      shown to develop by subdivision of a previously formed mesomere, whilst the
      rhombomeres develop independently of each other. At the completion of cranial
      neurulation two mesomeres and nine rhombomeres (including the preotic sulcus) but
      no prosomeres are identifiable. A direct correlation of the position of peaks in
      mitotic index along the embryonic axis with the position of sulci on the surface
      of the neural epithelium, was not possible. However, it is suggested that the
      mitotic index peak is the initial means of identifying a neuromere, and once the
      neuromere is expressed morphologically as a surface sulcus the mitotic index
      returns to its basal level.

PMID- 4031755
TI  - An allelic difference determines reciprocal patterns of expression of binding
      sites for Dolichos biflorus lectin in inbred strains of mice.
AB  - We used staining of tissue sections by lectin conjugates to screen inbred strains
      of mice for polymorphisms which could be used as histological markers of
      chimaerism. We found one polymorphism, which involves reciprocal patterns of
      expression of binding sites for the N-acetyl-galactosamine-binding lectins from
      Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Helix pomatia (HPA) and Wisteria floribunda (WFA) on
      intestinal epithelium and vascular endothelium. The polymorphism is due to
      alleles at a single locus, designated D1b-1 (for Dolichos lectin binding). Of 29
      inbred strains examined, 3 are D1b-1a (type strain RIII-ro; gut epithelium-ve,
      vascular endothelium + ve), and 26 are D1b-1b (type strain C57BL/6J; gut
      epithelium + ve, vascular endothelium-ve). In RIII-ro and C57BL/6J embryos, the
      polymorphic difference is not clearly present until day 11 of gestation. Before
      then, embryos of both strains express binding sites on gut epithelium and on
      endothelium. The temporal and tissue-specific patterns of expression of lectin
      binding sites may result from differences in expression of an N-acetyl
      galactosaminosyl transferase. If so, elucidation of the genetic basis of the
      polymorphism might provide an insight into the mechanisms of developmental
      regulation of glycosyltransferase activity.

PMID- 4031756
TI  - Adhesiveness of mouse primordial germ cells to follicular and Sertoli cell
      monolayers.
AB  - The adhesiveness of female and male mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) to somatic
      cell monolayers of various origin has been studied in the definite conditions of
      an in vitro system. PGCs were isolated from the gonads of embryos of various post
      coital ages according to the method of De Felici & McLaren (1982), and seeded on
      the cell monolayers. PGCs from 12.5 to 15.5 days post coitum (dpc) embryos
      specifically adhered to Sertoli and follicular cells obtained from adult gonads.
      The percentage of female PGCs which adhered to follicular cell monolayers was
      significantly higher than that of male PGCs. No significant adhesion was seen
      between PGCs and somatic cell monolayers obtained from various embryonic and
      adult tissues. The results obtained indicate that the simple in vitro assay
      described in the present paper might help to characterize the cellular
      interactions between somatic and germ cells during gonadal development.

PMID- 4031758
TI  - Design and performance of muscular systems. Based on papers presented at the
      Seventh International Conference on Comparative Physiology. Crans-sur-Sierre,
      June 1984.

PMID- 4031757
TI  - Muscle function: a personal view.

PMID- 4031759
TI  - Matching of muscle properties and motoneurone firing patterns during early stages
      of development.
AB  - In adults, muscle fibres match the functional requirements of the motoneurone
      that supplies them. During early stages of postnatal development of the rat
      neither muscle fibre properties, nor activity patterns of motoneurones supplying
      fast and slow muscles have completed their differentiation. Nevertheless, even at
      this early stage of development the muscles have characteristic properties that
      are well matched to the activity patterns of immature motoneurones. With further
      development differentiation of motoneurone activity and muscle fibre properties
      goes hand in hand. If during this period of linked differentiation, connections
      between the motoneurones and muscle fibres are disrupted, the development of fast
      muscles is permanently impaired.

PMID- 4031760
TI  - Control properties of motor units.
AB  - This review will deal with two evolving concepts which describe and attempt to
      unify various observations concerning the behaviour of motor units that have been
      reported during the past decade. The two concepts are: The common drive which
      describes the behaviour of the firing rates of motor units, and appears to
      provide a simple schema for controlling motor units; and the firing
      rate/recruitment interaction which appears to enhance the smoothness of the force
      output of a muscle. The evolution of these concepts has been expedited by the
      development of recent techniques such as our decomposition technique which
      enables us accurately to decompose the myoelectric signal into the constituent
      motor unit action potential trains. For details refer to LeFever & De Luca
      (1982), Mambrito & De Luca (1983) and Mambrito & De Luca (1984).

PMID- 4031761
TI  - Fuels and pathways as designed systems for support of muscle work.
AB  - Muscle in all animals relies upon four potential sources of energy: ATP
      hydrolysis, phosphagen hydrolysis, fermentations or oxidative metabolism.
      Although the relative contributions of different fuels varies greatly in
      different organisms, in none is there a simple reliance on stored ATP. Muscle
      work therefore requires a balance between rates of utilization and formation of
      ATP, a provision supplied by one of the three remaining fuels and metabolic
      pathways. Useful endogenous fuels must be storable at high level, and rapidly
      mobilizable with minimal perturbation of [ATP] and with minimal end-product
      effects on pH, charge or osmotic balance. In addition to displaying these
      properties, good exogenous fuels must be transferable at high rates between depot
      sites and muscle; actual flux rates of exogenous fuels depend upon respective ATP
      yields and are lowest for fuels which most amplify the yield of ATP per mol
      substrate oxidized. Substrate flux rates must be matched with O2 flux rates and
      with rates of endogenous substrate mobilization in order that the right energy
      yielding pathways are activated at the right times. Of various control
      possibilities, an effective competition for ADP (and possibly Pi) seems at this
      time to be the dominant strategy for assuring integration of aerobic and
      anaerobic ATP-yielding pathways.

PMID- 4031762
TI  - Patterns in mammalian muscle energetics.
AB  - A description of cellular energetics of muscular contraction is given in terms of
      the rates and extents of high-energy phosphate splitting during contractile
      activity, in terms of high-energy phosphate resynthesis by respiration and net
      anaerobic glycolysis, and in terms of the associated uptake and/or release of H+.
      These chemical changes have been studied quantitatively by rapid freeze-clamping
      methods and by 31P-NMR methods. The pattern of chemical changes in a fast-twitch
      glycolytic muscle is rapid depletion of phosphocreatine and later ATP levels,
      cellular acidification, and a much slower rate of resynthesis of high-energy
      phosphate compounds during the recovery period afterwards than occurs in the slow
      twitch oxidative muscles. In steady-state contractile activity below the maximal,
      graded levels of high-energy phosphates and of cellular respiration are achieved
      in both fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles. Within the metabolic range up to the
      maximal aerobic capacity, which differs several-fold for different fibre types,
      this gradation is mediated by the creatine kinase reaction and phosphocreatine
      stores. Thus while the amount of enzyme present and the content of
      phosphocreatine differs among muscles of different types, the same general
      energetic function is seen to occur in all muscle cells. The creatine kinase
      reaction is both an energy reservoir and a buffer preventing large swings in the
      ATP/ADP ratios.

PMID- 4031763
TI  - Metabolic heterogeneity of muscle fibres.
AB  - Mammalian skeletal muscle is an extremely heterogeneous tissue. Its diversity
      results from a spectrum of fibres which are metabolically suited to a wide range
      of functional demands. As judged from enzyme activity analyses of single fibres,
      the metabolic properties of fibres belonging to the same motor unit are similar
      or identical. It is likely, therefore, that the phenotype expression of muscle
      fibres is primarily under neural control. Differences in recruitment patterns of
      various motor units explain the wide range of metabolic properties as evidenced
      by pronounced variations in enzyme activities and enzyme activity ratios. There
      exist large overlaps between the activity spectra of various enzymes of anaerobic
      and aerobic metabolism in slow- and fast-twitch fibres. Nevertheless, these two
      major fibre classes can be distinguished by discriminative enzyme activity ratios
      (e.g. phosphofructokinase/malate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase/3-hydroxyacyl
      CoA dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase/phosphofructokinase). Moreover,
      slow-twitch fibres display an H-type isozyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase,
      whereas fast-twitch fibres are characterized by a predominance of LDH-5. No clear
      cut differences exist between enzyme activity profiles and LDH isozyme patterns
      of the IIA and IIB subgroups of fast-twitch fibres. Comparative studies indicate
      that the metabolic properties of IIA and IIB fibres vary in different animal
      species. This observation supports the notion that metabolic and myosin-related
      properties of muscle fibres may be regulated independently. Due to relatively
      high turnover rates of enzymes of energy metabolism in muscle, changes in
      functional demands may be met by relatively rapid changes in metabolic
      properties. In view of these findings it is not surprising that muscle fibres
      display a spectrum of metabolic properties and represent stages within a dynamic
      equilibrium.

PMID- 4031764
TI  - Differences in metabolic potential of skeletal muscle fibres and their
      significance for metabolic control.
AB  - The role of an increase in oxidative potential of skeletal muscle in the enhanced
      work capacity and greater use of fat as a fuel after endurance training is
      discussed. Evidence is presented to illustrate that this adaptive response is
      probably expressed at the cellular level by a more rapid translocation into the
      mitochondria of the ADP generated during contractile activity. The consequence of
      this is a tighter control over the glycolytic process thereby creating more
      favourable conditions for the entry of acetyl units derived from beta-oxidation
      of fatty acids into the citric acid cycle.

PMID- 4031765
TI  - Metabolic indicators of fibre recruitment in mammalian muscles during locomotion.
AB  - Fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG), fast-twitch-glycolytic (FG) and slow
      twitch-oxidative (SO) fibres are distributed within and among physiological
      extensor muscles in mammals in predictable patterns. Deep muscles and the deep
      portions of extensor muscles are primarily composed of SO and FOG fibres, and the
      more peripheral portions of the muscles have higher concentrations of FG fibres.
      During terrestrial locomotion, the fibres are recruited in this same general
      order from postural standing through high speed running to jumping (i.e. during
      standing deep SO fibres are active and during locomotion there is a progressive
      peripheral recruitment of fibres from SO to FOG to FG). Several metabolic
      indicators may be used to map these fibre recruitment patterns, including
      glycogen loss in fibres, metabolic enzyme changes during training at different
      speeds, and distribution of blood flow within and among the muscles. Concerning
      the latter, during standing in rats blood flows in the hindlimb muscles are
      directly proportional to the SO fibre populations in the muscles. However, during
      locomotion the elevations in blood flow over pre-exercise are a function of the
      populations of FOG fibres in the muscles. Blood flows in the peripheral white
      portions (FG fibres) of extensor muscles are not significantly elevated until the
      rats run at high speeds, when the FG fibres presumably are recruited. During
      swimming, when flexor muscles are relatively more active than extensor muscles
      (as compared with terrestrial locomotion), blood flows in the flexors are
      correspondingly higher. Thus, there exists a clear 'biological economy' in the
      matching of blood flow to the specific fibres that are active within and among
      muscles during exercise.

PMID- 4031766
TI  - The maximum forces exerted by animals.
AB  - This paper reviews the maximum forces exerted by animals in a wide range of
      activities including running, jumping, swimming and biting. Most of the data
      refer to vertebrates and arthropods, ranging in size from 0.5-mg fleas to 3-tonne
      elephants. Maximum forces exerted on the environment give values of (force/body
      weight) which lie, in most cases, between 0.5 body mass-1/3 (kg) and 20 body mass
      1/3. Maximum forces exerted by major muscle groups give values of (force/body
      weight) in most cases between 10 body mass-1/3 and 50 body mass-1/3.

PMID- 4031767
TI  - Sustained force development: specializations and variation among the vertebrates.
AB  - The kinds of muscle fibre that are recruited for sustained force production by
      different vertebrates are described. Although aerobic metabolism always accounts
      for a significant proportion of their ATP turnover, no single characteristic such
      as colour, number and form of motor endplates, membrane properties, myosin
      isotype or contraction speed is diagnostic of such muscles. As mechanical power
      output increases, there is a tendency for a decrease in fatigue resistance with
      repetitive usage and an increase in both aerobic capacity and the fraction of
      energy requirements derived from glycolysis.

PMID- 4031768
TI  - Force development during sustained locomotion: a determinant of gait, speed and
      metabolic power.
AB  - This paper develops three simple ideas about force development during sustained
      locomotion which provide some insights into the mechanisms that determine why
      animals change gait, how fast they can run, and how much metabolic energy they
      consume. The first idea is that the alternate stretch-shorten pattern of activity
      of the muscles involved in locomotion allows muscle-tendon units to function as
      springs, affecting the amount of force a given cross-sectional area of muscle
      develops, and the metabolic requirements of the muscles for force development.
      Animals select speeds and stride frequencies which optimize the performance of
      these springs. The second idea is that muscle stress (force/cross-sectional area)
      determines when animals change gait, how fast they run and their peak
      accelerations and decelerations. It is proposed that terrestrial birds and
      mammals develop similar muscle stresses under equivalent conditions (i.e.
      preferred speed within a gait) and that animals change gaits in order to reduce
      peak stresses as they increase speed. Finally, evidence is presented to support
      the idea that it is the time course of force development during locomotion,
      rather than the mechanical work that the muscles perform, that determines the
      metabolic cost of locomotion.

PMID- 4031769
TI  - The role of compliance in mammalian running gaits.
AB  - The running gaits used by both bipedal and quadrupedal animals are reviewed and
      contrasted. At high speeds, bipeds use both ordinary running, in which the legs
      move opposite one another, and hopping. Quadrupeds generally use the trot or its
      variations at moderate speeds, and first the canter and then the gallop as speed
      increases. Running in both bipeds and quadrupeds generally involves at least one
      aerial phase per stride cycle, but certain perturbations to running including
      running in circles, running under enhanced gravity, running on compliant surfaces
      and running with increased knee flexion (Groucho running) can reduce the aerial
      phase, even to zero. A conceptual model of running based on the idea that an
      animal rebounds from the ground like a resonant mass-spring system may be used to
      compare the various gaits. The model makes specific predictions which show that
      galloping is generally faster than cantering, pronking or trotting, and requires
      lower peak vertical forces on the legs while also giving a smoother ride. Even
      so, trotting might be preferred to galloping at low and moderate speeds for the
      same reason that normal running is preferred to Groucho running-the more
      compliant gait offers a smoother ride and lower vertical ground-reaction forces
      on the feet, but this can only be obtained at a high cost of increased metabolic
      power.

PMID- 4031770
TI  - Efficiency of vertebrate locomotory muscles.
AB  - We have examined the efficiency of vertebrate striated muscle at two different
      organizational levels: whole animals and isolated muscles. Terrestrial locomotion
      is used as a model of 'normal' muscular contraction; animal size and running
      speed are used as independent variables in order to change either the metabolic
      requirements of the muscles or the mechanical power production by the muscles
      over a wide range of values. The weight-specific metabolic power input to an
      animal increases nearly linearly with speed and increases with decreasing body
      size, while the weight-specific mechanical power output increases curvilinearly
      with speed and is independent of size. Consequently, the efficiency of the
      muscles in producing positive work increases with speed and the peak efficiency
      increases with increasing body size, attaining values of over 70% in large
      animals, but only 7% in small ones. The isolated muscle experiments were
      performed on frog muscle, and rat 'fast' and 'slow' muscles. We measured the work
      done, the oxygen consumed during recovery from the stimulation, and calculated
      the efficiency and the 'economy' (the cost of maintaining tension). The muscles
      were made to: (i) emulate the contractions seen during locomotion, i.e. shorten
      after a pre-stretch; or (ii) shorten at the same velocity and from the same
      muscle length as in (i), but without the pre-stretch. It was found that in
      mammalian muscles the peak efficiency with a pre-stretch attained high values,
      approaching the peak efficiencies in large animals. The maximum efficiency
      (attained at 1 length s-1 in fast muscle and at 0.5 lengths s-1 in slow muscle)
      did not differ much in the two muscles, whereas economy was greater in the slow
      muscle than in the fast muscle.

PMID- 4031771
TI  - Power and efficiency of insect flight muscle.
AB  - The efficiency and mechanical power output of insect flight muscle have been
      estimated from a study of hovering flight. The maximum power output, calculated
      from the muscle properties, is adequate for the aerodynamic power requirements.
      However, the power output is insufficient to oscillate the wing mass as well
      unless there is good elastic storage of the inertial energy, and this is
      consistent with reports of elastic components in the flight system. A comparison
      of the mechanical power output with the metabolic power input to the flight
      muscles suggests that the muscle efficiency is quite low: less than 10%.

PMID- 4031773
TI  - Metabolic and circulatory limitations to VO2 max at the whole animal level.
AB  - The O2 path from environment to mitochondria can be viewed as a cascade of
      resistances in series, each being overcome by a specific pressure gradient (O2
      conductance equation). To assess the relative importance of the different factors
      that can set a limit to VO2 max, three sets of resistances will be identified,
      RQ, Rc and Rm, inversely proportional to: O2 transport (Qmax X [Hb]), RQ;
      capillary cross section, Rc; and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, Rm.
      Published data show that changes of VO2 max can be induced by altering the blood
      O2 capacity, or by training, and that these changes are accompanied by measured
      changes of the above identified resistances. From these data, the ratio of each
      resistance to the overall resistance can be calculated by algebraic manipulation
      of the O2 conductance equation, expressed in relative form. It can thus be shown
      that: in two-legged exercise, about 75% of VO2 max is set by O2 transport, the
      remaining fraction being about equally partitioned between the two peripheral
      factors indicated above, and that in one-legged exercise, the limits to VO2 max
      are about equally set by central and peripheral factors.

PMID- 4031774
TI  - Malleability of the system in overcoming limitations: functional elements.
AB  - Three different views can be found in the literature concerning the classical
      question in exercise physiology: what limits maximal oxygen uptake in man? Some
      authors believe that the limitation is the maximal rate of oxygen delivery by the
      cardiovascular system. Others argue that oxygen uptake is limited by the
      capillary bed or metabolic capacity of skeletal muscle, and the third line of
      thought is that no single factor can be found to be directly limiting as all
      links in the oxygen transport are so closely matched. The stand taken in this
      paper is that the skeletal muscle of man can be excluded as a limiting factor for
      maximal oxygen uptake in whole body exercise. It can be shown, by direct
      measurements, that in sedentary and in trained man maximal perfusion and oxygen
      utilization of skeletal muscle is so high that if all muscles in the body were
      engaged in intense exercise, the cardiac pump function would have to be 2-3 fold
      larger than it is. What happens in whole body exercise is that each muscle group
      receives only a fraction of the blood it can accommodate. The primary role for a
      larger capillary network observed in trained muscles is to keep or extend mean
      transit time. Elevated mitochondrial enzyme activities affect the metabolic
      response (i.e. lipid oxidation is elevated in trained muscles). However, these
      adaptations are not necessary for increasing the maximal oxygen uptake of man, as
      the capacity of the heart is limiting. Improved training techniques (which induce
      even larger improvements in cardiac pump function) may reveal that pulmonary
      diffusion capacity is the limiting factor.

PMID- 4031772
TI  - Metabolic and circulatory limitations to muscular performance at the organ level.
AB  - Within working muscle, development of conditions that directly influence exercise
      performance is dependent on many factors, including: intensity and duration of
      exercise, type of skeletal muscle fibres recruited, cardiovascular support to the
      working fibres and the inherent metabolic characteristics of the contracting
      fibres. In general, it is possible to identify factors that seem to alter
      exercise performance only at relatively intense exercise conditions. During
      prolonged moderately intense exercise (e.g. 70-80% maximal oxygen consumption for
      at least 60-90 min) decline in performance is related to the depletion of
      glycogen within the working muscle. Although the cause of muscle performance
      decline during very intense exercise is not known, an extreme acidosis is found,
      especially in fast-twitch muscle, which could significantly disrupt normal
      metabolic and contractile processes. During fatigue caused by intense contraction
      conditions, ATP content decreases (by approx. 50%) and there is a stoichiometric
      production of IMP and ammonia in fast-twitch muscle. This loss in adenine
      nucleotide content is dependent on the severity of the contraction conditions
      relative to the functional aerobic capacity of the muscle fibre, since fast
      twitch red (high mitochondria, high blood flow) and fast-twitch white (low
      mitochondria, low blood flow) muscles respond differently. In contrast, during
      similarly intense contraction conditions, rat slow-twitch muscle fibres maintain
      their ATP content and do not produce significant amounts of IMP. Indirect
      evidence suggests that a similar contrast between fibres occurs in humans during
      maximal exercise. Thus, there seems to be a fundamental difference between fast-
      and slow-twitch muscles in the management of their adenine nucleotide contents
      during intense contraction conditions. Whether this is related to the known
      differences in the fatigue process between these fibre types is not known.

PMID- 4031775
TI  - Malleability of skeletal muscle in overcoming limitations: structural elements.
AB  - The quantitative structural composition of skeletal muscle tissue shows a wide
      range of variability among different species of animals and in any one species
      among muscles with a different function. Moreover, experimental manipulations
      such as exercise training or chronic electrical stimulation can dramatically
      change the ultrastructural appearance of the muscles involved. Both in endurance
      exercise and in chronic electrical stimulation the volume density of mitochondria
      can be increased greatly (by more than three-fold in the stimulation
      experiments). This happens without an apparent change of the internal
      architecture of the mitochondria, since the surface density of the inner
      mitochondrial membranes remains constant. In situations where both the
      mitochondrial volume and the maximal rate of oxygen consumption of the muscle
      tissue are known, these two variables are found to be linearly related. It can be
      calculated that the 'maximal' oxygen consumption of a unit volume of mitochondria
      in muscle is close to 5 ml O2 min-1 cm-3 under comparable conditions in man,
      mouse and a series of African mammals. It is hypothesized that there is a
      constant volume of oxygen metabolized per unit volume of mitochondria and unit
      time under limiting conditions in working skeletal muscle tissue. Given the
      efficiency of muscular energy conversion, this would allow an estimate of the
      potential for aerobic power production of a muscle from measurement of its volume
      density of mitochondria.

PMID- 4031776
TI  - Malleability of the motor system: training for maximizing power output.
AB  - The training programmes used to improve the strength and/or endurance capacities
      of athletes are described. Specific stimuli are either high tension in
      contracting myofibrils or high turnover rates in the oxidative metabolism of the
      muscle cell. Structural adaptations consist of the synthesis of additional
      myofibrillar material or increased volume density of both interfibrillar and
      subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Transformation of fibre types at the level of the
      molecular structure of myosin seems possible with high-intensity training of long
      duration. Functional adaptations consist of higher activities of important
      enzymes in either anaerobic or aerobic energy metabolism and of larger
      intracellular stores of the respective substrates. All adaptations are highly
      specific and reversible through detraining or immobilization of the muscle.

PMID- 4031777
TI  - Malleability of the motor system: a comparative approach.
AB  - The various ways in which the power output of muscles can be changed are
      described. As a result of exercise and growth, force production is increased by
      an increase in the cross-sectional area of the fibres. This is associated with
      changes in the rate of synthesis and degradation of muscle proteins which lead to
      build up of the myofibrils. These then split longitudinally when they reach a
      critical size. This process is repeated so that the number of myofibrils
      increases very considerably. Also, during growth, the displacement is increased
      by increasing the length of the muscles. To do this more sarcomeres are produced
      in series along the length of the fibres. This is induced by stretch which also
      encourages fibre growth in girth as well as in length. Yet another way of
      changing the power output of a muscle is to change the types of muscle fibres
      (motor units) within the muscle. Fibre type transformation has been fibres (motor
      units) within the muscle. Fibre type transformation has been shown to occur with
      cross innervation and stimulation but it does not usually occur with exercise
      training. It has been possible, however, to change the fibre type proportions in
      young animals. Also, by combining stretch with stimulation, it has been possible
      for instance to make the fast glycolytic fibres add on fast oxidative type
      sarcomeres or even slow oxidation type sarcomeres. Interestingly, fibre
      transformation also occurs in some species of fish during acclimation to low
      temperatures in that the specific myofibrillar ATPase activity is increased. This
      means that the reduction in power output due to decreased temperature is to some
      extent compensated for by an increase in the intrinsic rate of shortening. EMG
      studies of fish swimming at different temperatures have shown that the acclimated
      fish can swim faster and can derive more aerobic sustainable power as a result of
      this change.

PMID- 4031778
TI  - How flexible is the neural control of muscle properties?
AB  - The issue addressed in this paper is to what extent are selected physiological
      properties and associated protein systems of muscle fibres controlled or
      regulated by neuronal systems. One extreme position would be that all muscle
      proteins are controlled completely by the neural system that innervates the
      muscle. The opposite position would be that none of the muscle proteins are under
      neural influence. Although the concept that there is complete neural control of
      all proteins has generally received more support, it is more likely that there is
      only partial neural control of some proteins. Identical physiological,
      morphological and metabolic properties of all muscle fibres within a motor unit
      would suggest a complete neural control of all protein systems in muscle fibres.
      However, evidence against this idea is provided by the marked heterogeneity in
      the activities of two enzymes, alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and succinic
      dehydrogenase (SDH), and in the wide variations in muscle fibre cross-sectional
      areas among fibres of the same motor unit in the cat soleus and tibialis
      anterior.

PMID- 4031779
TI  - Design and performance of muscular systems: an overview.

PMID- 4031780
TI  - Adaptability of ultrastructure in the mammalian muscle.
AB  - All the skeletal muscle fibres taken from an adult mammal do not look alike. The
      structural differences are a result of adaptations which allow gradations in
      mechanical output to be achieved. The anatomy is described and the amounts of the
      subcellular components are measured by stereological techniques from electron
      micrographs. A population of normal, adult fibres is classified by the Z-line
      width, by the amounts of the mitochondria, T-system and terminal cisternae (TC),
      and by the isoforms of contractile proteins present. Classification of fibres by
      some of these ultrastructural components gives clusters named fast-twitch and
      slow-twitch types, but classification by other components gives a continuum of
      overlapping properties. Transformation from the fast- to the slow-twitch type or
      vice versa follows a specific alteration in the use of the fibre. The mechanical
      demand on the fibre is modified by changing the frequency of stimulation in the
      nerve with an implanted electrode. The time course of the changes in subcellular
      composition in the fibre during adaptation is followed for many weeks. Changes in
      the membrane systems begin within hours and are complete in days. Changes in the
      contractile proteins and metabolic systems begin in days and are complete in
      weeks. During these transitional phases of adaptation the fibres have an unusual
      complement of components never seen in a normal adult fibre. Extreme alterations,
      such as myofibril disassembly or supranormal amounts of mitochondria also result
      during some adaptive transitions. The aberrant appearance in the transitional
      fibres may be a result of doing the required mechanical work with a less than
      optimal set of proteins. At the end of the fibre type transformation, the fibre
      ultrastructure is indistinguishable from normal.

PMID- 4031781
TI  - From sarcomeres to whole muscles.
AB  - The series connection of sarcomeres in a muscle raises the possibility of
      instabilities due to some sarcomeres being capable of greater isometric tension
      than others, due to non-uniform activation, cross-sectional area or sarcomere
      length. Such instabilities are heavily damped by the force-velocity curve and
      stabilized by passive tension. The variation of active tension with sarcomere
      length may act to stabilize or destabilize the situation. Such instabilities can
      affect tension in a complex manner, causing both increases and decreases in
      different situations. Some examples of situations where sarcomere nonuniformities
      have been observed or inferred are given, and their mode of action explained.

PMID- 4031782
TI  - Storage and release of mechanical energy by active muscle: a non-elastic
      mechanism?
AB  - In frog muscle fibres, tetanically stimulated at a sarcomere length of about 2
      micron, stretched at a velocity of 1 lengths-1 and released against a force equal
      to the maximum isometric, P0, a phase of rapid isotonic shortening takes place
      after release. As the amplitude of the stretch is increased from 1.5 to 9% of the
      initial length: (1) the amount of rapid isotonic shortening increases up to 9-10
      nm per half sarcomere and (2) the stiffness of the fibre (an indication of the
      number of bridges attached) decreases to a value about equal to that measured
      during an isometric contraction. If a 5-10 ms delay is left between the end of
      stretch and release, the amount of rapid isotonic shortening increases to about
      12 nm hs-1. A 300-500 ms delay, however, results in a decrease in rapid isotonic
      shortening to about 5 nm hs-1 and also results in a velocity transients against
      P0 that are similar to those described during release from a state of isometric
      contraction. It is concluded that the force attained after large, fast stretches
      is due to a greater force developed by each bridge and not to a greater number of
      bridges. After the elastic recoil (when the force is suddenly reduced to P0),
      these strained bridges are able to shorten by about 12 nm hs-1, suggesting that,
      during and immediately after stretching, they are charged to levels of potential
      energy greater than those attained in an isometric contraction.

PMID- 4031783
TI  - Excitation-contraction coupling: the link between the surface and the interior of
      a muscle cell.
AB  - The control of the contractile state of a muscle cell, a process called
      excitation-contraction coupling, involves a sequence of steps and is passed along
      through a series of cellular structures. The excitation of the fibre, initiated
      at the motor end-plate, spreads rapidly over the surface of the fibre and into
      the fibre along the T-system networks as an action potential. This excitation is
      coupled to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by a mechanism not yet identified with
      certainty. The SR then responds by releasing stored calcium from its interior
      compartment into the myoplasm. The diffusion and binding of this calcium to
      regulatory proteins initiates the mechanical events of contraction, which
      subsequently are turned off when calcium is removed from these regulatory binding
      sites. Some of this calcium may temporarily bind to proteins in the myoplasm, but
      eventually it gets pumped back into the internal compartment of the SR by a
      calcium-ATPase in the SR membrane. The system then is poised for a repeat
      performance.

PMID- 4031784
TI  - The influence of inactivity on membrane resting conductances of rat skeletal
      muscle fibres undergoing reinnervation.
AB  - The role of activity in the maintenance of the normal component resting
      conductances of skeletal muscle fibres has been evaluated in vitro in rat
      extensor digitorum longus muscle during reinnervation from 2 to 40 days (a) after
      crushing of the peroneus nerve and (b) after local application of tetrodotoxin
      (TTX) to the crushed nerve. Whereas membrane conductances were regained after
      crushing alone, they were not completely restored when impulse propagation was
      blocked with TTX. It is concluded that nerve trophic factors are of primary
      importance in the control of muscular membrane conductances, and that
      transmission at the endplate and the muscle usage triggered by it have a minor
      but significant effect.

PMID- 4031785
TI  - A cross-sequential analysis of developmental differences in speed of visual
      information processing.
AB  - Development of processing speed was examined in three backward masking studies.
      The first verified the central nature of backward masking for children aged 8 and
      11 years and for adults. The second suggested that task requirements were
      equivalent for children similar to those in Study 1, and that age differences in
      performance were not attributable to nonprocessing variables. The main cross
      sequential study estimated speed of processing in 80 children (approximately 6
      years to 13 years) and young adults using an inspection time task. Target
      exposure duration was varied to establish the time required to achieve a high
      level of discriminative accuracy. Estimates of processing speed increased until
      about 11-13 years of age; beyond this, the trend was less obvious, and it is
      possible that inspection time asymptotes at around the onset of adolescence.
      Performance improvement after 1 year could not be explained as resulting from
      practice since improvement among controls over a period of 2 weeks was
      significantly less. Correlations between estimates of inspection time made up to
      2 years apart found the measure to be reliable.

PMID- 4031786
TI  - Attention to eye contact opportunity and facial motion by three-month-old
      infants.
AB  - Thirty-two 3-month-old infants participated in two experiments showing color
      videotapes of facial stimuli in a paired comparison format. In Experiment 1, the
      experimenter, serving as the stimulus, looked either directly at the infant or
      averted his gaze to the side; the face was presented either still or in motion.
      Eye contact opportunity had no effect while motion of the head was an effective
      attractor of visual fixation. In Experiment 2, the amount of available eye
      contact opportunity was parametrically varied by occluding the eyes with
      different patterns of blinking, each at the same rate. The no-motion 100% eye
      contact available condition received less attention than the three blinking
      stimuli, which were all equally attended to, though they varied with respect to
      the amount of eye contact opportunity they afforded. The contrast in effect of
      eye contact availability and rather subtle stimulus motion would imply that 3
      month-old infants are comparatively insensitive to being the object of another's
      visual regard.

PMID- 4031787
TI  - More and more and more about more.
AB  - Three experiments explored the development of three linguistic aspects of more in
      children's speech. Subjects were 56 children between the ages of 2;6 and 6;0.
      Experiment 1 addressed the nature of the early semantic content of more.
      Experiment 2 examined the child's differentiation of mass more from count more.
      Experiment 3 explored the child's use of more as a comparative marker on
      adjectives. The results suggest, first, that the child initially stores the
      meaning of more with a prototype, rather than with some more systematic, featural
      representation. In addition, children's linguistic understanding of the dual use
      of more as a quantifier of mass amounts and count amounts does not appear to
      develop until long after they have been using more appropriately in unambiguous
      contexts. Finally, children learn to use more as a marker on comparatives only
      after they have acquired -er as a comparative marker, and some time after they
      have been using more successfully in nonadjectival constructions.

PMID- 4031788
TI  - A common major surface antigen on amastigotes and promastigotes of Leishmania
      species.
AB  - Enzymatic surface iodination and biosynthetic labeling with [35S]methionine,
      combined with immunoprecipitation by sera from patients with different forms of
      Leishmaniasis revealed a 65,000 Mr glycoprotein as the immunodominant moiety in
      promastigotes and amastigotes of the nine Leishmania species and isolates
      examined. Sera from patients with one form of Leishmaniasis recognized this
      component strongly, not only in the homologous, but also in the heterologous
      species. In addition to the crossreactivity displayed by immune sera, the 65,000
      Mr glycoprotein (gp) common to all Leishmania species presented a characteristic
      shift to Mr 50,000 when samples were run in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. These results are in agreement
      with our previous studies (7), where a simple and similar profile was obtained
      for several geographic isolates of L. donovani, with a major surface glycoprotein
      of 65,000 Mr displaying the same characteristics described here. The structural
      similarity of the major 65,000 Mr gp of the six Leishmania species was
      demonstrated by Cleveland mapping. It is suggested that immunological
      specificities may be contributed by minor differences in glycosylation of this
      molecule. In keeping with recent data (13-15), where strong cross protection
      among different Leishmania species has been obtained by prophylactic immunization
      with irradiated whole promastigotes, this glycoprotein may be a good candidate
      for an antigen to be used for immunoprophylaxis of all forms of Leishmaniasis.

PMID- 4031790
TI  - Infantile colic.

PMID- 4031791
TI  - Routine screening for gestational diabetes reconsidered.

PMID- 4031789
TI  - Isolation and characterization of resident stromal macrophages and hematopoietic
      cell clusters from mouse bone marrow.
AB  - In situ studies with the mouse macrophage (M phi)-specific antibody, F4/80, have
      shown that resident M phi in femoral bone marrow (RBMM) form hematopoietic
      islands with immature myelomonocytic and erythroid cells (Hume, D. A., et al.
      1983. J. Exp. Med. 158: 1522). We have isolated these islands (clusters) by
      collagenase digestion, purified them from single cells by velocity sedimentation,
      and analyzed their cellular content. The clusters, ranging from 5- to 100 cells,
      constituted approximately 7% of the total nucleated cells, and greater than 70%
      contained at least one strongly staining, F4/80+ central M phi. In comparison,
      less than 26% showed reactivity for alkaline phosphatase, a marker of
      fibroblastoid reticulum cells. Compared with the nonclustering population,
      clusters were enriched with RBMM, fibroblastoid cells, and immature hematopoietic
      cells, but depleted of mature granulocytes and erythrocytes. The RBMM population
      was purified from other cells in clusters by selective adherence to glass and was
      compared with resident peritoneal M phi (RPM) for morphology and the presence of
      antigens, receptors, and enzymes. RBMM spread more extensively than RPM and
      frequently extended delicate plasma membrane processes. These and subsequent
      differences were not attributable to the collagenase treatment. Both M phi
      populations stained positively with antibodies F4/80 and 2.4G2 (Fc receptor
      IgG1/2b), bore mannosyl/fucosyl receptors, and showed reactivity for acid
      phosphatase and nonspecific esterase I. In contrast to RPM, RBMM had no
      detectable Mac-1 antigen (CR3) or complement receptors, but bore higher levels of
      Fc receptors (IgG2a and IgG2b) and Ia antigens. In addition, RBMM possessed a
      novel hemagglutinin activity for unopsonized sheep erythrocytes, which was not
      present on RPM. RBMM showed no respiratory burst activity in response to zymosan
      particles, but ingested them avidly. The growth properties of clustering and
      nonclustered populations were compared by measurement of [3H]thymidine
      incorporation and progenitor assays. Cells in clusters incorporated three- to
      fourfold more thymidine than nonclustered cells even in the absence of exogenous
      growth factors, and autoradiography demonstrated that RBMM made contact with
      proliferating cells. In contrast, the clusters contained over threefold fewer
      granulocyte/M phi progenitors compared with nonclustering cells. When clusters
      were cultivated for up to 3 d, there was rapid outgrowth of monocytes and
      fibroblastoid cells. These studies demonstrate that RBMM bear a distinct
      morphology and phenotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4031792
TI  - Blood glucose monitoring in a type II diabetic.

PMID- 4031793
TI  - Nutritional rickets in breast-fed infants.
AB  - A ten-year literature review was prompted by the fortuitous discovery of
      nutritional rickets in a "well child." Sixty-three cases were identified,
      suggesting that this disease is not so rare as thought. Rickets should be
      considered in the differential diagnosis of nonspecific musculoskeletal
      complaints and poor growth. Vitamin D supplementation in breast-fed children
      should be prescribed more often.

PMID- 4031794
TI  - Why women choose trial of labor or repeat cesarean section.
AB  - Despite growing interest in vaginal birth after previous delivery by cesarean
      section, virtually no studies have examined patient decision making in any depth.
      This paper examines the social content and cognitive structure of pregnant
      women's decisions to attempt delivery by trial of labor or for elective repeat
      cesarean section. Three features of childbirth care strategies are discussed.
      First, social goals are as central to women's decisions as are medical risks.
      Second, women reinforce their decisions by defining multiple benefits for the
      preferred alternative and multiple hazards for the rejected alternative. Third,
      women do not attempt to assess the probabilities of particular outcomes, but
      instead construct mental images of anticipated events based upon past childbirth
      experience and expected consequences of the preferred course of action.

PMID- 4031795
TI  - Ethics of clinical trials in family medicine.
AB  - In this paper several issues are examined that arise from conducting randomized
      clinical trials in a family practice setting. The distinctive research tradition
      in family practice involves a patient's primary care physician performing an
      experimental investigation that usually, though not invariably, is focused on
      common health problems. Representative clinical trials are presented as examples
      that illustrate two ethical difficulties evoked by such research: a potential
      violation of the primary care physician's therapeutic imperative to provide the
      best possible treatment for his or her patient, and the likelihood that the type
      of physician-patient relationship fostered in family practice significantly
      diminishes the capacity of the patient to give true informed consent. In an
      attempt to resolve these ethical difficulties, a model of moral reasoning is
      presented that is based on easily understood ethical principles and is applicable
      to actual clinical decision making. Using that model, a tentative set of rules or
      guidelines is offered for implementing clinical trials in family medicine.

PMID- 4031796
TI  - Geriatric teaching in family practice residencies.

PMID- 4031797
TI  - A contractual model for accountability and financial stability in a community
      based family practice residency.
AB  - A contractual model is described that defines the relationship between the
      hospital and the Department of Family Practice. The model provides institutions
      supporting graduate training in family practice with a method that is accountable
      and cost effective. Application of this model at a community hospital over a five
      year period is presented. The model resulted in expansion of the family practice
      residency, increased faculty numbers, increased income for the faculty, and
      control of the institution's cost of graduate medical education.

PMID- 4031798
TI  - The role of the family physician in critical care.

PMID- 4031799
TI  - Discussion of "Photographic techniques of concern in metric bite mark analysis".

PMID- 4031800
TI  - Discussion of "Fiber evidence: laboratory methods and observations from
      casework".

PMID- 4031801
TI  - Evaluation of antisera for bloodstain grouping. II. Ss, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and
      Gm/Km.
AB  - Thirty-one different examples of commercially available blood grouping antisera
      specific for the S, s, K, k, Fya, Fyb, Jka, and Jkb antigens and anti-human
      globulin sera were serologically evaluated with red cells and in absorption
      elution tests to determine their applicability to bloodstain antigen
      determinations. Nineteen examples of commercially available antisera specific for
      various Gm and Km antigens and their corresponding anti-D reagents were likewise
      evaluated in inhibition tests with sera and bloodstains. Elution tests with the
      blood grouping antisera and inhibition tests with the Gm/Km antisera on a series
      of aging bloodstains on cotton cloth, and on bloodstains on a number of different
      substrata, demonstrated that properly evaluated commercial antisera are useful
      reagents for bloodstain grouping in forensic serology.

PMID- 4031802
TI  - Determination of cross-reactant drugs with a new morphine radioimmunoassay
      procedure.
AB  - A study to determine the specificity of a new morphine radioimmunoassay (RIA)
      procedure was performed on 23 drugs of forensic science interest. Spiked whole
      blood and urine specimens were analyzed and the apparent morphine concentrations
      determined. All compounds analyzed showed low cross-reactivity, indicating a high
      specificity for morphine.

PMID- 4031803
TI  - Illicitly imported heroin products: some physical and chemical features
      indicative of their origin. Part II.
AB  - Samples taken from seizures of imported illicit heroin preparations of known
      geographical origin have been examined. The typology developed in a previous
      survey of illicit heroin products is applicable to virtually all the samples
      studied in this work. On the basis of these observations it is possible to give
      an opinion as to the origin of some samples of illicit heroin of unknown
      provenance. The observation in the previous survey that unrelated samples of
      illicit heroin possess unique chemical profiles has been confirmed by the present
      results.

PMID- 4031804
TI  - Toxicological analysis of amobarbital and glutethimide from bone tissue.
AB  - Author examined cadaver organs and bone samples (sternum, rib) of drug poisoning
      cases. Following suitable procedures, active drug components (amobarbital,
      glutethimide, and so forth) were identified by gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry (GC/MS). Based on results of quantitative GC analysis, relationships
      were sought between the active agent concentrations measured in the organs and
      the bone samples.

PMID- 4031805
TI  - Psychiatric evaluations of sexual offenders.
AB  - Ninety-five defendants charged with sexual offenses were evaluated in a forensic
      psychiatry clinic. Their psychiatric diagnoses, as well as social, demographic,
      and criminal characteristics, were studied. Almost half were found to have
      personality disorders, while one-fifth were given a diagnosis of schizophrenia,
      affective disorder, or an atypical psychosis. Surprisingly few were diagnosed as
      having a paraphilia.

PMID- 4031806
TI  - Forensic psychiatric evaluations of women accused of felonies: a three-year
      descriptive study.
AB  - Descriptive statistics are presented for 95 female offenders evaluated in the
      Forensic Psychiatry Clinic for the New York Criminal and Supreme Court (First
      Judicial District). Demographic data, criminal charges, psychiatric diagnoses,
      prior mental health treatment, and victims of offenses are examined.

PMID- 4031807
TI  - Geriatric felons examined at a forensic psychiatry clinic.
AB  - Descriptive statistics are presented on 25 defendants in the geriatric age range
      (aged 62 to 78 years old). Demographic variables, criminal charges, medical,
      neurological and psychiatric illnesses, prior criminal offenses, and final
      dispositions of the cases are tabulated, and implications for the criminal
      justice system and social services are discussed.

PMID- 4031808
TI  - Collection of trace evidence from bombing victims at autopsy.
AB  - The body recovered from the scene of a bombing may contain important trace
      evidence that links the suspect to the crime. Recognizing the lack of guidelines
      for evidence removal from the body, we have prepared a protocol to guide the
      pathologist in the collection of trace evidence from the bombing victim. Case
      material used in the development of the protocol included 13 bombing fatalities
      reported to the St. Louis Medical Examiner's Office since 1975.

PMID- 4031809
TI  - A procedure for the investigation of anesthetic/surgical deaths.
AB  - A procedure for the investigation of surgical/anesthetic deaths is presented
      which allows for clearly defined jurisdictional assessment and correlates the
      autopsy and toxicological findings with the pathophysiology of the
      anesthetic/surgical event. This procedure facilitates an accurate certification
      of the cause of death in patients who die during surgery and anesthesia.

PMID- 4031810
TI  - Variations in vitreous humor chemical values as a result of instrumentation.
AB  - Urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium, potassium, and chloride were measured in common
      vitreous humor samples using a variety of instruments. There was found to be
      variation in values obtained by the different procedures for each of these
      constituents. The variation in electrolyte values between the different
      procedures can pose real problems in attempting to determine the presence of an
      antemortem dehydration or low salt condition. Possible reasons for these
      variations are discussed, and the normal range of values of both sodium and
      chloride for the different instrumentalities is provided. However, variations in
      values for both urea nitrogen and glucose would not pose any problems of
      interpretation for forensic science evaluations.

PMID- 4031811
TI  - Decomposition of buried bodies and methods that may aid in their location.
AB  - This is the second report on an ongoing study conducted to collect data on the
      decompositional rates of human cadavers and the first on buried cadavers. Six
      unembalmed human cadavers were buried separately in unlined trenches of various
      depths and allowed to naturally decompose for a time period ranging from a month
      to a year. During the period of burial, data were collected daily on the air,
      soil, and cadaver temperature at each burial site. At the end of each specified
      burial period the cadavers were exhumed and examined for the degree of
      decomposition which had taken place as well as changes in the soil pH, surface
      vegetation, and carrion insect activity. Analysis of the data shows that the
      decomposition rate of buried cadavers is highly dependent on the depth of burial
      and environmental temperatures. The depth at which the cadaver was buried also
      directly affected the degree of soil and vegetational changes as well as access
      by carrion insects. Application of this information can contribute to a more
      accurate estimation of time since death of a buried corpse and may aid in the
      location of such corpses.

PMID- 4031812
TI  - Age estimation from the rib by phase analysis: white females.
AB  - Metamorphosis at the sternal extremity of the rib has already been established as
      a reliable indicator of age at death. Using a sample of white males, it was shown
      that an accurate estimation of age can be made by direct examination of the bone
      itself. However, because of sexual differences in hormonal production and
      dimorphism in the skeleton, the present study was carried out to develop an
      appropriate standard for age determination from the sternal rib in white females.
      The sample consisted of 86 ribs of known age, sex, and race. Observations were
      made at the costochondral junction with special attention to pit formation (its
      shape and depth), changes in the walls and rim surrounding it, and overall bone
      density and texture. Based on changes in these areas, the ribs were separated
      into nine phases (0 through 8). The most rapid metamorphosis occurred in Phases 1
      through 4 (mean ages 14-28) with changes noticeable at 3 to 4 year intervals.
      After mean age 28, this process slowed, considerably expanding the interval
      between phases to 10 to 15 years. The female ribs showed both earlier initial pit
      formation and a different morphologic pattern of aging as compared with males.
      Statistical analysis revealed that the features chosen to delineate the phases
      are valid predictors of age. This study has shown that the sternal rib can
      provide an accurate estimation of age in females spanning a mean age of 14 to 76
      years.

PMID- 4031813
TI  - Cocaine-induced psychosis and sudden death in recreational cocaine users.
AB  - Fatal cocaine intoxication presenting as an excited delirium is described in
      seven recreational cocaine users. Symptoms began with the acute onset of an
      intense paranoia, followed by bizarre and violent behavior necessitating forcible
      restraint. The symptoms were frequently accompanied by unexpected strength and
      hyperthermia. Fatal respiratory collapse occurred suddenly and without warning,
      generally within a few minutes to an hour after the victim was restrained. Five
      of the seven died while in police custody. Blood concentration of cocaine
      averaged 0.6 mg/L, about ten times lower than that seen in fatal cocaine
      overdoses. Police, rescue personnel, and emergency room physicians should be
      aware that excited delirium may be the result of a potentially fatal cocaine
      intoxication; its appearance should prompt immediate transport of the victim to a
      medical facility. Continuous monitoring, administration of appropriate cocaine
      antagonists, and respiratory support will hopefully avert a fatal outcome.

PMID- 4031814
TI  - Discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for typing haptoglobin in
      bloodstains.
AB  - A routine method is described for obtaining reproducible haptoglobin patterns
      from bloodstains by discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By
      employing a stacking gel, proteins from bloodstain extracts are concentrated into
      narrow zones, before entering the resolving gel. This effect yields highly
      resolved haptoglobin patterns. Therefore, laboratories without the specialized
      equipment and expertise for polyacrylamide gradient gel preparation can still
      obtain highly resolved haptoglobin patterns from bloodstains.

PMID- 4031815
TI  - Determination of ABH secretor status by an electronic quantitation method.
AB  - Blood Group A and B substances in secretor (Se) and nonsecretor (se) salivas were
      tested by means of an electronic data processing-hemagglutinin-inhibition test
      (EDP-HAIT) with immunoglobulin M (IgM) isohemagglutinins. Besides a difference in
      quantity, the blood group substances in Se saliva showed high binding
      efficiencies compared with those in se saliva. EDP-HAIT with IgG
      isohemagglutinins proved no difference in the binding efficiencies of Se and se
      salivas. The determination of secretor status by EDP-HAIT with IgM
      isohemagglutinin was accurate because the conclusion was obtained based on two
      different quantitative results. Secretor status of some salivas in gargled water
      could be determined by comparing the binding efficiencies.

PMID- 4031816
TI  - 1H nuclear magnetic resonance of heroin's D ring.
AB  - The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts and coupling constants of
      heroin's D ring H-15 alpha, H-15 beta, and H-16 alpha, and H-16 beta are
      presented. These assignments were accessible through the introduction of a double
      bond (delta 15,16) in heroin. The resulting compound, delta 15,16
      didehydroheroin, was subjected to deuterium exchange or stereoselective reduction
      or both. Reduced products d1-16 alpha heroin d2-15 alpha, 15 beta-heroin, and d3
      15 alpha, 15 beta, 16 alpha-heroin are presented. Heroin with deuterated acetyls
      is also presented for 1H NMR spectral clarity in the D ring area.

PMID- 4031817
TI  - Analytical characterization of isoheroin.
AB  - The synthesis of isoheroin is presented with the analytical data (mass
      spectroscopy [MS], nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], infrared spectroscopy [IR],
      and gas liquid chromatography [GLC]) for this compound. Comparison between
      analytical results for heroin and isoheroin shows differentiation is possible.

PMID- 4031818
TI  - Isotachophoretic analysis of bloodstains: differentiation of human, menstrual,
      bovine, and ovine bloods.
AB  - Isotachophoresis, a technique to separate components by constant current
      electrophoresis, was used to differentiate between bloodstains of male, female,
      menstrual, bovine, and ovine bloods on cotton cloth and filter paper. Bloodstain
      analysis by isotachophoresis of stains from male and female subjects showed
      identical cationic patterns, but gave different profiles in the anionic system.
      Plasma had one extra peak in the anionic system when compared to the profile of
      serum. This extra peak is due to the presence of fibrinogen in plasma. Some
      hemoglobin peaks overlapped with serum protein peaks, but these could be
      identified by comparisons at lower concentrations. Menstrual blood had a much
      different pattern than normal human blood as was expected since many more
      compounds are found in menstrual blood than in normally circulating blood. Human,
      bovine, and ovine bloodstains showed different profiles both in the cationic and
      anionic systems. These results indicate that isotachophoresis can be used for the
      rapid and simple analysis of bloodstains to differentiate reliably human male,
      female, and menstrual blood and also to distinguish human bloodstains from those
      of cattle or sheep.

PMID- 4031819
TI  - Fatal in utero salicylism.
AB  - An aspirin overdose by an eight-month primigravida proved to be the mechanism of
      death for the fetus. Clinical progress of the mother and postmortem
      concentrations of salicylate in the fetus are listed exhibiting the fetal
      survival time of about 18 to 20 h post ingestion by the mother.

PMID- 4031820
TI  - The asymmetrical remodelling of two neurosurgical burr holes: a case study.
AB  - A human skull identified as that of a 16-year-old female who had been reported
      missing about 3 years before the discovery of the specimen displayed evidence for
      the asymmetrical remodelling of bilateral neurosurgical burr holes. While one of
      the holes retained its original size and shape, gross evidence for the
      contralateral lesion had virtually disappeared. Initially, the open lesion was
      mistakenly suspected to be a recent bullet hole.

PMID- 4031821
TI  - Two bite mark cases with inadequate scale references.
AB  - Most literature addressing comparisons between epidermal bite marks and the
      perpetrator's bite pattern mandates fastidious coordination between the size of
      the compared reproductions. While ideal, this is not possible in every case and
      inability to control this variable in selected cases may not necessarily
      invalidate the comparison. The first case involves a known perpetrator. All
      photographic measurements were recorded with acceptable techniques to discover a
      serious discrepancy in arch size. The second case was degraded by the absence of
      a ruler in a tangentially made photograph of a bite mark. In both cases, the
      weight of the conclusions were lessened by these problems but the impartial
      handling of the evidence and explanation of discrepancies offered credibility to
      the analyses. Both cases illustrate that a technical infraction in processing and
      recording bite marks, though serious, need not automatically preempt the
      analysis.

PMID- 4031822
TI  - Childhood suicide: a report of four cases.
AB  - A study of childhood suicide in individuals aged twelve years or less was
      performed on the case files of the Office of the Medical Examiner of Metropolitan
      Dade County in Miami, FL, over the eight-year period from 1977 to the present.
      Four cases were collected; these are presented in some detail. A discussion then
      ensues along with a review of pertinent literature concerning this phenomenon.

PMID- 4031823
TI  - Reappraisal of diffusion, solubility, and consumption of oxygen in frog skeletal
      muscle, with applications to muscle energy balance.
AB  - Previously we tested the validity of the one-dimensional diffusion equation for
      O2 in the excised frog sartorius muscle and used it to measure the diffusion
      coefficient (D) for O2 in this muscle and the time course of its rate of O2
      consumption (Qo2) after a tetanus (Mahler, 1978, 1979, J. Gen. Physiol., 71:533
      557, 559-580, 73:159-174). A transverse section of the frog sartorius is in fact
      well fit by a hemi-ellipse with width divided by maximum thickness averaging 5.1
      +/- 0.2. Using the previous techniques with the two-dimensional diffusion
      equation and this hemi-elliptical boundary yields a value for D that is 30%
      smaller than reported previously; the revised values at 0, 10, and 22.8 degrees C
      are 6.2, 7.9, and 10.8 X 10(-6) cm2/s, respectively. After a tetanus at 20
      degrees C, Qo2 rose quickly to a peak and then declined exponentially, with a
      time constant (tau) approximately 15% faster than that reported previously; tau
      averaged 2.1 min in Rana temporaria and 2.6 min in Rana pipiens. A technique was
      devised to measure the solubility (alpha) of O2 in intact, respiring muscles, and
      yielded alpha (muscle)/alpha (H2O) = 1.26 +/- 0.04. With these modifications, the
      values for O2 consumption obtained with the diffusion method were in agreement
      with those measured by the direct method of Kushmerick and Paul (1976, J.
      Physiol. [Lond.]., 254:693-709). Using results from both methods, at 20 degrees C
      the ratio of phosphorylcreatine split during a tetanus to O2 consumption during
      recovery ranged from 5.2 to 6.2 mumol/mumol, and postcontractile ATP hydrolysis
      was estimated to be 13.6 +/- 4.1 (n = 3) nmol/mumol total creatine.

PMID- 4031825
TI  - Flavivirus infection enhancement in macrophages: an electron microscopic study of
      viral cellular entry.
AB  - The mode of entry of West Nile virus (WNV) into the macrophage-like cell line
      P388D1 was investigated at the electron microscopical level using synchronized
      infections. The presence of the antiviral monoclonal antibody F6/16A at a
      concentration that enhanced viral attachment to P388D1 cells ninefold made no
      difference to the entry pathway of WNV. In both the absence and presence of
      F6/16A the initial uptake of single viral particles was mediated by coated pits,
      and started within 30 s of warming the cells to 37 degrees C. Viral particles
      later appeared in fully or partially coated vesicles and later in uncoated
      prelysosomal endocytic vacuoles before degradation in lysosomes. However,
      aggregates of viral particles (five or more virus particles in cross-section),
      appeared to be phagocytosed whole by cells in a process which involved aggregates
      being engulfed by extensions of the plasma membrane. This process exhibited a
      slower time course than the uptake of single viral particles, becoming prominent
      15 to 30 min after warming the cells to 37 degrees C. The involvement of a
      prelysosomal vacuolar compartment in the entry process was shown by a failure to
      stain for acid phosphatase. This compartment could be specifically loaded with
      viral particles when viral internalization occurred at 20 degrees C in the
      presence of 50 mM-ammonium chloride.

PMID- 4031824
TI  - First-order kinetics of muscle oxygen consumption, and an equivalent
      proportionality between QO2 and phosphorylcreatine level. Implications for the
      control of respiration.
AB  - In frog sartorius muscle, after a tetanus at 20 degrees C, during which an
      impulse-like increase occurs in the rate of ATP hydrolysis, the rate of O2
      consumption (QO2) reaches a peak relatively quickly and then declines
      monoexponentially, with a time constant not dependent on the tetanus duration
      (tau = 2.6 min in Rana pipiens and 2.1 min in Rana temporaria). To a good
      approximation, these kinetics are those of a first-order impulse response, and
      the scheme of reactions that couple O2 consumption to extramitochondrial ATP
      hydrolysis thus behaves as a first-order system. It is first deduced and then
      demonstrated directly that while QO2(t) is monoexponential, it changes in
      parallel with the levels of creatine and phosphorylcreatine, with proportionality
      constants +/- 1/tau p, where p is the P/O2 ratio in vivo. From this, it is
      further deduced that the mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK) reaction is pseudo
      first order in vivo. The relationship between [creatine] and QO2 predicted by
      published models of the control of respiration is markedly different from that
      actually observed. As shown here, the first-order kinetics of QO2 are consistent
      with the hypothesis that respiration is rate-limited by the mitochondrial CK
      reaction; this has as a corollary the "creatine shuttle" hypothesis.

PMID- 4031826
TI  - Kinetics of synthesis of respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins.
AB  - The synthesis of the two respiratory syncytial (RS) virus glycoproteins (VP66 and
      VP84) was examined under standard conditions and after treatment with tunicamycin
      and monensin. The protein backbone for VP66, the fusion protein (F1,2) is
      cotranslationally glycosylated to form F0, which is cleaved to form F1,2 by 20
      min of chase. Monensin treatment inhibited the cleavage of F0 over an 80 min
      chase period, indicating that this occurred late in the transit of F0 through the
      Golgi apparatus or after exit from the Golgi apparatus. Tunicamycin treatment
      resulted in the synthesis of a 50K to 55K unglycosylated F0 which is cleaved to a
      40K protein. VP84, the large glycoprotein, contains a protein backbone of only
      26K to 30K which is modified by N-linked and probable O-linked glycosylation.
      Tunicamycin treatment results in the synthesis of a 70K protein (p70) which
      incorporates [3H]glucosamine and [3H]fucose but not [3H]mannose. Glycosylated
      precursors varying in mol. wt. from 29K to 45K (p45) are found in infected cells
      at regular 2K to 3K intervals, producing a 'ladder' effect. The step from p45 to
      VP84 is severely delayed by monensin treatment thereby enhancing the 'ladder'
      effect of the precursors.

PMID- 4031827
TI  - Characterization of the endogenous retroviral envelope glycoproteins found in the
      sera of ev3 and ev6 chickens.
AB  - Chicken sera may contain components that immunologically crossreact with avian
      retroviral glycoprotein. Sera from chickens carrying the endogenous viral loci
      ev3 and ev6 contain glycoproteins with molecular weights of approx. 85 000, which
      on the basis of tryptic peptide analysis are related to exogenous viral
      glycoprotein. Such endogenous viral glycoproteins are present in a free form,
      lacking disulphide-bonded gp35.

PMID- 4031828
TI  - Inadequacy of immunoglobulin M hepatitis B core antibody in detecting acute
      hepatitis B virus infection in infants of HBsAg carrier mothers.
AB  - To study the usefulness of IgM hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc IgM) for
      detecting hepatitis B virus infections in infants of hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg) carrier mothers, serial serum samples from 86 infants of carrier mothers
      were tested for anti-HBc IgM with a highly specific enzyme immunoassay.
      Asymptomatic hepatitis B infection occurred frequently in infants under 12 mo of
      age. Anti-HBc IgM never became positive in 25 infants infected under 9 mo old. It
      was positive in only 1 of 6 infected at 9 mo and 4 of 13 infected at 12 mo of
      age. The IgM antibody lasted for less than 6 mo. Although the infection was
      delayed in 28 infants receiving hepatitis B immune globulin, the poor anti-HBc
      IgM response did not seem to be due to the immune prophylaxis. Our study clearly
      indicates the limitation of anti-HBc IgM for detecting acute hepatitis B
      infection in infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers.

PMID- 4031829
TI  - Detection of RS-virus IgG-subclass-specific antibodies: variation according to
      age in infants and small children and diagnostic value in RS-virus-infected small
      infants.
AB  - The variation according to age of RS-virus IgG-subclass specific antibodies was
      investigated by ELISA in 140 acute phase sera from 140 infants and children 1-47
      mo of age who were hospitalized with acute respiratory disease. Sixty-nine of
      these serum samples were obtained from patients with RS-virus infections. Mean OD
      values of IgG-1 antibodies decreased corresponding to the decrease in maternal
      antibodies. In patients with RS-virus infections, the mean IgG-1 OD values
      increased in children who were 3 yr old, but in patients without RS-virus
      infections this increase was observed in children at 1 yr of age. RS-virus IgG-3
      antibodies were detected only in children 1-3 yrs of age, and only in 18% of
      samples from children without RS-virus infections. The concept of the transient
      nature of RS-virus IgG-3 antibodies as compared with RS-virus IgG-1 antibodies is
      supported by these results. RS-virus subclass specific antibodies were studied in
      paired serum samples from 12 infants 1-5 mo of age with acute lower RS-virus
      disease. IgG-1 antibodies developed in six infants, but only in one of six
      infants aged 1-3 mo. IgG-3 antibodies developed in nine infants, including four
      of six infants who were 1-3 mo old. These results suggest that in small infants
      with RS-virus infections the detection of IgG-3 antibodies is of higher
      diagnostic value than the detection of IgG-1 antibodies.

PMID- 4031830
TI  - Rising ranks of homeless seen as health care problem.

PMID- 4031831
TI  - The specialty of physicians in relation to longevity and mortality.

PMID- 4031832
TI  - A method of plastic foreign body removal.

PMID- 4031833
TI  - Treatment of male infertility.

PMID- 4031834
TI  - Surgical management of occlusive disease of the aortic arch.

PMID- 4031835
TI  - Treatments for glaucoma today.

PMID- 4031836
TI  - Metastasis to leiomyoma.

PMID- 4031837
TI  - Coping and depression. The relative contribution of internal and external
      resources during a life cycle transition.
AB  - This study addresses two questions relevant to psychiatric epidemiological models
      of the stress-distress relationship: Are personality and social support resources
      independent phenomena or highly correlated? and What are the relative
      contributions of these two types of resources in protecting against the
      development of depressive symptomatology? A cohort of beginning medical students
      was administered self-report questionnaires measuring social supports, locus of
      control, interpersonal dependency, and depressive symptomatology. On the basis of
      correlation and regression analysis, the data show that the personality
      characteristics more strongly predict depressive symptomatology than do social
      supports, and that social supports are unrelated to locus of control but directly
      correlated with interpersonal dependency. The authors discuss these findings in
      the context of a life cycle transition.

PMID- 4031838
TI  - Psychiatric manifestations of right hemisphere infarctions.
AB  - Five right-handed patients (aged 45 to 78 years) developed acute psychotic
      disturbances in conjunction with infarcts in the right hemisphere. Their
      presentation was marked by agitation, inattention, suspiciousness, paranoid
      delusions, hallucinations, and lack of appropriate concern. Several of these
      patients initially received primary psychiatric diagnoses. Although neurological
      findings indicative of right hemisphere involvement could also be elicited, these
      were generally overshadowed by the more dramatic behavioral alterations. The
      electroencephalogram and computerized axial tomography were positive in most
      cases. These cases demonstrate that the possibility of a right hemisphere lesion
      needs to be entertained in patients who present with an atypical psychotic
      episode.

PMID- 4031839
TI  - Psychosocial childbearing stress and metabolic control in pregnant diabetics.
AB  - The authors tested the relationship between psychosocial childbearing stress
      factors and metabolic control in a research sample of 39 pregnant insulin
      dependent diabetic women. Subjects were selected using rigorous exclusion
      criteria from a population of more than 200 pregnant diabetic patients assessed
      in a University National Institutes of Health Center. Metabolic control was
      determined by plasma levels of preprandial day, night, and early morning fasting
      glucose, urinary ketones, and glycosylation of hemoglobin. Differences in plasma
      glucose concentrations and urinary ketone levels at several times during the day
      and night were associated with psychosocial stress factors. A similar
      relationship between stress and levels of diabetic control could not be
      demonstrated by hemoglobin A1 assay, a result contradicting most prior studies of
      adolescent populations. These findings are compatible with a biopsychosocial
      model of diabetes mellitus and emphasize the importance of using several
      different measures of diabetic control to determine stress-control relationships.

PMID- 4031840
TI  - MMPI critical item characteristics of the DSM-III borderline personality
      disorder.
AB  - This study attempted to distinguish the borderline personality disorder (BPD)
      from other personality disorders (OPD) on the basis of the Lachar and Wrobel
      critical item list. Seventy-five male psychiatric inpatients with diagnoses
      fitting DSM-III criteria for BPD and OPD and ranging in age from 24 to 47 years
      completed the MMPI. Lachar's critical item set, composed of 111 items taken from
      the MMPI, was then selected from each of the 75 subjects' response items. BPD and
      OPD patients significantly differed on only the Lachar Substance Abuse subscale.
      Implications of this study are discussed with regard to the concept that
      personality structure involves a continuum of psychopathology. The Lachar
      critical item list provided support for drug abuse as part of the diagnostic
      criteria for BPD and displayed promise for identifying areas of psychopathology
      on which treatment may be focused.

PMID- 4031841
TI  - Effect of L-tryptophan on electroconvulsive therapy seizure time.
AB  - L-Tryptophan, the amino acid precursor of serotonin and several other monoamines,
      has frequently been employed as an adjunct with tricyclic antidepressants and
      monoamine oxidase inhibitors to increase their effectiveness in treating
      affective disorders. Combined use of L-tryptophan with electroconvulsive therapy
      (ECT) has generally not been successful and, in fact, may actually have a
      deleterious effect upon treatment. A case of decreased seizure duration due to an
      L-tryptophan-ECT interaction is presented and its implications discussed.

PMID- 4031842
TI  - Modifications of sleep parameters in the rat by (+)- and (-)-3-PPP.
AB  - The effects of subcutaneous administration of the two enantiomers of 3-(3
      hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine (3-PPP), a new dopamine analogue, were
      studied with regard to their effects on sleep parameters in the rat. The studies
      with both enantiomers were carried out taking into account their different
      effects on central dopaminergic receptors. At low doses they act preferentially
      as autoreceptor agonists; at higher doses the (+)-form is also an agonist while
      the (-)-form acts as an antagonist at postsynaptic dopamine receptors. The
      results showed the following: (1) with the high dose of (+)-3-PPP there was no
      change in REM sleep, but a marked increase in wakefulness; (2) with the high dose
      of (-)-3-PPP there was a significant increase in REM sleep and in the mean
      duration of REM episodes; (3) with the low dose of (+)-3-PPP similar results to
      those described for high-dose (-)-3-PPP were obtained; (4) there was no
      significant alteration of sleep parameters with the low dose of (-)-3-PPP. The
      data are discussed in terms of an active role for dopamine in the regulation of
      REM sleep.

PMID- 4031843
TI  - The relationship of free and conjugated catecholamines in plasma and
      cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral and meningeal disease.
AB  - The concentration of free and conjugated norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and
      dopamine (DA) were measured by a modified radio-enzymatic assay in the plasma and
      in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 45 patients with normal and in 21 patients
      with disturbed blood-CSF barriers. In patients with an undisturbed blood-CSF
      barrier the free NE and E in CSF were 128 +/- 45 ng/l and 27 +/- 20 ng/l (mean
      values +/- S.E.), respectively, and represented about 50% of the average plasma
      values. Mean DA was not different in plasma (47 +/- 22 ng/l) and in CSF (41 +/-
      19 ng/l). Both in plasma and in CSF, considerable higher free catecholamine (CA)
      levels were measured in patients with dysfunction of the blood-CSF barrier. In
      one patient with bacterial meningitis twofold higher concentrations of free NE
      and DA in CSF as compared with plasma were detectable. Sulfate conjugates of
      catecholamines are predominant in plasma and CSF. The contribution of conjugated
      CA to total CA in plasma from patients with normal blood-CSF barrier averaged
      69.7%, 63.1% and 98.1% for NE, E and DA, respectively and was significantly lower
      in the CSF (p less than 0.001). In patients with disturbed blood-CSF barrier, the
      increases of conjugated CA were more pronounced in CSF than in plasma. Further,
      the contribution of conjugated NE and E to total NE and E in CSF was not only
      increased in patients with bacterial meningitis, but also in patients with renal
      insufficiency compared to the "control" patients (p less than 0.02 and p less
      than 0.001 resp.). Free and conjugated NE, E and DA in the plasma and CSF were
      related significantly (p less than 0.01 resp.) with stronger correlation for
      conjugated CA (p less than 0.001 resp.). These results together with findings in
      the literature, suggest that there is little or no rostral-caudal gradient in CSF
      CA conjugate concentrations and that even in patients with intact blood-CSF
      barrier plasma conjugated CA concentrations influence those in CSF. Thus only
      free CA levels in CSF may reflect the central adrenergic activity.

PMID- 4031844
TI  - Effects of rolipram, a novel antidepressant, on monoamine metabolism in rat
      brain.
AB  - The phosphodiesterase inhibitor and putative antidepressant rolipram (0.3-30
      mg/kg i.p.) stimulated the accumulation of dopa following inhibition of the
      aromatic amino acid decarboxylase with 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine HCl dose
      dependently in all brain regions investigated, suggesting that both dopamine and
      noradrenaline synthesis was enhanced. The stimulatory effect of rolipram on dopa
      accumulation in dopamine rich regions persisted even after pretreatment with
      gamma-butyrolactone which by itself increased dopa accumulation three fold.
      Following inhibition of catecholamine synthesis with alpha-amethyl-p-tyrosine
      rolipram accelerated the disappearance of noradrenaline and slowed the
      disappearance of dopamine. At low doses rolipram tended to reduce the pargyline
      induced accumulation of 3-methoxytyramine. Rolipram attenuated the accumulation
      of 5-hydroxytryptophan in the neocortex and the diencephalon of 3
      hydroxybenzylhydrazine HCl pretreated rats. The data suggest that rolipram
      enhances noradrenergic transmission by direct stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase
      and by an increase of neuronal activity. Despite a stimulatory effect on tyrosine
      hydroxylase rolipram does not appear to alter dopamine release and metabolism to
      a large extent. In view of the occurrence of head-twitches the rolipram-induced
      reduction of 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism may be due to feedback inhibition.

PMID- 4031845
TI  - Monoamine distribution on the ventral surface of the rat medulla oblongata.
AB  - The distribution of monoamine transmitters in the area near the ventral surface
      of the rat medulla oblongata was studied using the Falck-Hillarp
      histofluorescence method. Histological examination and scanning electron
      microscopy of these regions were also performed. It was found that there is a
      wide area dense with catecholamine terminals in the external layer of the ventral
      medulla oblongata. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-containing terminals and nerve cell bodies
      on and near the surface were also found. Due to their superficial localization
      these monoamines may influence the content of cerebrospinal fluid and in this way
      have effects on cardiovascular and other physiological functions.

PMID- 4031846
TI  - Specific in vivo binding of 3H-spiperone to individual lobes of the pituitary
      gland of the rat. Evidence for the labelling of dopamine receptors.
AB  - The in vivo binding of 3H-spiperone to individual lobes of the pituitary gland
      was studied after intravenous injections in unanesthetized male rats. The binding
      was found to be saturable and reversible. The percentage of total binding of 3H
      spiperone that was specific binding was highest in the intermediate
      (approximately equal to 75%) and lowest in the posterior (approximately equal to
      35%) lobes. The regional distribution of 3H-spiperone binding 1 hour after
      injections was the following: intermediate greater than anterior greater than
      posterior. Pharmacological analysis of the in vivo 3H-spiperone binding showed
      that dopamine agonists (e.g. bromocriptine, N-n-propylnorapomorphine) and
      antagonists could prevent the in vivo binding of 3H-spiperone in all three parts
      of the gland. The substituted benzamide drugs remoxipride and raclopride blocked
      the in vivo 3H-spiperone binding in the anterior and intermediate lobes but did
      not reduce the 3H-spiperone binding in the posterior part, except when given in
      very high doses. Taken together, the present study has shown that 3H-spiperone
      can be used in studies of the dopamine receptors in the anterior, intermediate
      and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland, but the proportion of non-specific
      binding is higher than in the striatum. The use of in vivo 3H-spiperone binding
      may thus be a useful method to study the regulation and pharmacology of these
      receptors in situ.

PMID- 4031847
TI  - The central morphology of the giant interneurons and their spatial relationship
      with the thoracic motorneurons in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Insecta).
AB  - Three groups of giant fibers are found in the cockroach ventral nerve cord. A
      latero-dorsal group (dorsal GIs), a latero-ventral group (ventral GIs) and a
      medio-ventral group. The morphology of all three groups of fibers within the
      thoracic ganglia is described. The morphology of the dorsal and ventral GI
      pathways in the abdominal and suboesophageal ganglia is also described. The
      projection patterns of the neurons in each ganglion are remarkably similar which
      suggests a common function. When motorneurons 5rl (depressor) and 6Br4 (levator)
      are stained simultaneously with the dorsal and ventral GI groups, some branches
      from both motor and giant neurons converge. The branching of the remaining medio
      ventral group of fibers and their proximity to areas receiving motorneuronal
      input suggests that these are the small diameter axons described by Dagan and
      Parnas (1970).

PMID- 4031848
TI  - The central morphology of mechanoreceptor afferents in the metathoracic leg of
      the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Insecta).
AB  - The sensory arborizations of the femoral chordotonal organ (FECO), trochanteral
      campaniform sensilla (CS) and the trochanteral hairplate (THP) are restricted to
      the ipsilateral hemiganglion and possess large dendritic fields in the dorsal and
      ventral neuropiles. The efferent projections of the fast (Df) and the slow (Ds)
      depressor motoneurons project into the same areas. Three groups of trichoid
      sensilla located on the coxal and trochanteral cuticular walls have central
      contralateral projections and in one case intersegmental projections. All sensory
      projections terminate either just lateral of or in the Ventral Association Centre
      (VAC). Comparisons with the mechanoreceptors of other insects reveal similar
      projection patterns for some proprioceptors and non-homologous central
      configurations for others.

PMID- 4031849
TI  - Donor-recipient interconnections between giant nerve fibers in transplanted
      ventral nerve cords of earthworms.
AB  - Twelve segments of ventral nerve cord (VNC) from donor earthworms, Eisenia
      foetida, were transplanted into recipient worms from which a comparable length of
      VNC had been removed. Within the first few days after transplantation, bud-like
      formations, containing outgrowths of the giant nerve fibers, were evident at the
      ends of transplanted and recipient VNC. Morphological and electrophysiological
      evidence indicated that by 4-10 days after transplantation, medial (MGF) and
      lateral (LGF) giant fibers within the transplanted VNC formed cell-specific
      connections with their counterparts in the recipient VNC. Although the diameters
      of the giant fiber connections in the transplant-recipient junctions were often
      larger than normal, spike conduction across the junction was initially slow
      (approximately 1.0 m/s) but gradually increased over the next 2-3 weeks. Within
      the transplant, giant fibers were initially normal in appearance, but spike
      conduction was slow (1-2 m/s). During the next few weeks velocities increased by
      as much as fourfold and then stabilized for the next several months. However, by
      4-5 weeks after transplantation, giant fiber morphology within the transplant was
      altered significantly, as indicated by the formation of numerous branch-like
      extensions along the length of each giant fiber. By 9-10 months there were
      further morphological changes in the transplant, as indicated by decreased
      branching of the giant fibers and altered neuropile. Despite these morphological
      changes, through-conduction of giant fiber spikes remained reliable.

PMID- 4031850
TI  - Restoration of sensory and motor function in earthworm escape reflex pathways
      following ventral nerve cord transplantation.
AB  - Twelve segments of earthworm ventral nerve cord (VNC) were excised from either
      segments 10-22 (i.e., within the MGF sensory field) or segments 75-87 (i.e.,
      within the LGF sensory field) in donor worms and heterotopically, or
      homotopically, transplanted into recipient animals. Morphological evidence
      indicated that by four days after transplantation, peripheral connections were
      formed between the transplanted VNC and the body wall of the recipient, many of
      these connections involving novel pathways projecting ventrally from the
      transplant. Restoration of giant fiber touch sensitivity in the transplant
      occurred from 4-14 days after transplantation. Regardless of the site of
      transplantation, the restored sensitivity (i.e., MGF versus LGF sensory field)
      always reflected the origin of the donor VNC. Restoration of MGF-mediated motor
      activity in the transplant occurred approximately 17-22 days after
      transplantation. In the case of heterotopic transplants (i.e., anterior VNC into
      posterior segments), the restored MGF-mediated muscle potentials were
      facilitating, indicating at least some tendency for persistence of this feature
      after transplantation. Behavioral observations suggested that reconnections
      involving other reflex pathways (e.g., those controlling setal movements and
      peristaltic locomotion) were made within the transplant region and that
      properties of the restored reflexes reflected those of the donor VNC. The rapid
      restoration of sensory and motor connections, despite heterotopic placement,
      indicates a significant capacity for peripheral regeneration by the transplanted
      VNC. On the other hand, the maintenance of various properties of reflex function,
      despite heterotopic transplantation, suggests a limited capacity for
      rearrangement of established central connections in the transplanted VNC.

PMID- 4031851
TI  - Innervation of the limb accessory flexor muscle in several decapod crustaceans.
      I. Anatomy.
AB  - The innervation of the accessory flexor muscle of the limbs of several decapod
      crustaceans was studied by means of vital staining, with methylene blue and
      electron microscopy. Three patterns of innervation were found. In the first
      pattern, the distal (DAFM) and proximal (PAFM) heads of the accessory flexor
      muscle were supplied by two axons (a thick and a thin) which travel in a private
      nerve along the length of the merus. This pattern was found in the crab (Cancer)
      and the lobster (Homarus), and conforms to the classical pattern established in
      the literature. In the second pattern, the nerve to the DAFM is made up of
      conjoined branches of the flexor and accessory flexor nerves. Consequently, the
      DAFM receives at least five axons in the portunid crabs, Carcinus, Callinectes,
      and Ovalipes, and occasionally six axons in Ovalipes. The PAFM in those portunids
      receives the usual two axons. In the third pattern, based on preliminary
      observations on the grapsid crab, Pachygrapsus, "super-innervation" of the
      accessory flexor muscle appears to include not only five axons to the DAFM but
      also at least three to the PAFM. In all species, methylene blue staining of the
      axon terminations revealed a regular pattern of blebs which are thought to
      correspond to synaptic terminals as revealed by electron microscopy.

PMID- 4031852
TI  - Central and peripheral neurosecretory pathways to an insect flight motor nerve.
AB  - Ultrastructural examination of the IIN1b nerve to the dorsal longitudinal flight
      muscle of Manduca sexta L. verified the presence of neurosecretory processes.
      Subspherical and irregular vesicles were found where the nerve enters the muscle,
      while spherical vesicles were found in the proximal region only. A dorsal
      unpaired median (DUM) cell, the median nervous system, and two or more peripheral
      cells are the sources of these neurosecretory inclusions. Light the electron
      microscopy CoCl2 backfills of the transverse nerve produced intensification of a
      peripheral neuron (#1) and processes in nerves IIN1a and IIN1b. Similar backfills
      of nerve IIN1b produced intensification of a DUM cell, a second peripheral neuron
      (#2), and processes in the transverse nerve and nerve IIN1a. Neuron #1 contained
      large spherical electron-dense vesicles while neuron #2 contained smaller
      subspherical vesicles. These cells were situated upon the link and/or transverse
      nerves. Based on these results, we suspect central and peripheral neurosecretory
      processes reach nerve IIN1b as follows: the link nerve projects prothoracic
      median nervous system and neuron #2 processes, nerve IIN1a projects neuron #1
      processes, and nerve IIN1 projects mesothoracic DUM cell processes, although this
      latter pathway was less clear.

PMID- 4031853
TI  - Neurological mutation characterized by dysmyelination in NCTR-Balb/C mouse with
      lysosomal lipid storage disease.
AB  - Morphological and biochemical studies were performed on the CNS of neurologically
      affected NCTR-Balb/C mouse. Histological and electron microscopic techniques
      demonstrated severe myelin deficiency in the affected brains. Neither the
      presence of lipid-containing macrophages nor reactive gliosis was apparent.
      Analysis of myelin-associated lipids and proteins revealed prominent depletion of
      galactocerebroside, sulfatide, and proteolipid proteins. In contrast to the
      scarcity of myelin-specific constituents a marked accumulation of GM2 and GM3
      gangliosides and several neutral glycolipids, i.e., glucocerebroside,
      lactosylceramide, gangliotriaosylceramide, and gangliotetraosylceramide were
      found in affected CNS. These abnormalities were already apparent in 12-day-old
      pups as well as in 65-day-old mice. A significant deficit in the proportion of
      long-chain fatty acids (C24), notable in both normal and alpha-hydroxy acids of
      cerebrosides from affected white matter, was measured. The lack of reactive
      gliosis, the observed depletion of galactocerebroside and sulfatide at the early
      age of 12 days, and the relative decrease in long-chain fatty acids in affected
      CNS strongly suggest a defect in myelinogenesis in this mutant rather than a
      secondary process of myelin breakdown.

PMID- 4031854
TI  - Characterization of human brain S100 protein fraction: amino acid sequence of
      S100 beta.
AB  - Two major components of human brain S100 fraction were purified by HPLC and an
      amino acid sequence was elucidated for the S100 beta component. Human S100
      proteins showed absorption spectra and amino acid compositions similar to S100
      alpha and S100 beta from bovine brain. However, the relative amounts of the human
      proteins were 4% S100 alpha and 96% S100 beta by weight, while the bovine protein
      distribution was 47% S100 alpha and 53% S100 beta by weight. An amino acid
      sequence of human S100 beta was established by analysis of overlapping fragments
      generated by cyanogen bromide and trypsin cleavage. Three amino acid sequence
      differences between the human and bovine S100 beta were found at residues 7, 62,
      and 80. These differences were chemically conservative and compatible with
      minimum single base changes in the codon structures. These results document that
      S100 beta is a conserved protein among mammals and provide the necessary
      foundation for current clinical studies.

PMID- 4031855
TI  - Norepinephrine turnover in the hypothalamus of adult male rats: alteration of
      circadian patterns by semistarvation.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE) turnover, as estimated by 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol concentration, was studied in the mediobasal
      hypothalamus of control and semistarved adult male rats at eight time points of a
      24-h period. The marked circadian periodicity of NE turnover with a peak in the
      dark phase in control rats is completely suppressed in semistarved rats. The
      average 24-h concentration of the NE precursor tyrosine in brain and of tyrosine
      flow into brain (calculated from plasma amino acid concentrations) is reduced in
      semistarved rats, but both brain tyrosine and tyrosine flow show continuing
      circadian fluctuations.

PMID- 4031856
TI  - Reduction of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor number and affinity by an
      endogenous substance.
AB  - We examined the soluble fraction from homogenates of 12-day embryonic chick heart
      for the presence of an endogenous modulator of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
      (mAChR). Homogenates were separated into 100,000 g soluble and crude membrane
      fractions by differential centrifugation. Aliquots of membranes were incubated in
      the presence or absence of the soluble fraction and the muscarinic antagonist,
      [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ( [3H]QNB), and the data subjected to Scatchard
      analysis. In the presence of the soluble fraction, mAChR number decreased up to
      70% and the affinity for [3H]QNB decreased six- to eightfold. These results
      suggested that an endogenous soluble factor (ESF) affected cholinergic ligand
      binding to the receptor. The amount of ESF extracted from less than 10 mg of
      brain was sufficient to reduce by 50% [3H]QNB binding to 50 fmol mAChR. ESF
      activity was partially purified by heat and acid treatment. The loss of receptors
      was dependent upon the amount of ESF added and was time dependent. QNB protected
      some receptors from loss due to ESF. The change in mAChR affinity for [3H]QNB was
      observed only if ESF was present continuously during the [3H]QNB binding assay.
      Ultrafiltration and gel filtration showed that ESF was less than 10,000 daltons
      and probably less than 700 daltons. ESF activity was blocked by EDTA. However,
      ESF was not a divalent cation since it was base labile, and removal of divalent
      cations with Chelex-100 did not inhibit ESF activity. ESF activity was also
      blocked by catechol, catecholamines, ascorbate, and dithiothreitol. ESF was
      present in embryonic but not in adult heart.

PMID- 4031857
TI  - Morphine-induced changes in histamine dynamics in mouse brain.
AB  - The effect of the acute morphine treatment on histamine (HA) pools in the brain
      and the spinal cord was examined in mice. Morphine (1-50 mg/kg, s.c.)
      administered alone caused no significant change in the steady-state levels of HA
      and its major metabolite, tele-methylhistamine (t-MH), in the brain. However,
      depending on the doses tested, morphine significantly enhanced the pargyline (65
      mg/kg, i.p.)-induced accumulation of t-MH and this effect was antagonized by
      naloxone. A specific inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, alpha
      fluoromethylhistidine (alpha-FMH) (50 mg/kg, i.p.), decreased the brain HA level
      in consequence of the almost complete depletion of the HA pool with a rapid
      turnover. Morphine further decreased the brain HA level in alpha-FMH-pretreated
      mice. Morphine administered alone significantly reduced the HA level in the
      spinal cord, an area where the turnover of HA is very slow. These results suggest
      that the acute morphine treatment increases the turnover of neuronal HA via
      opioid receptors, and this opiate also releases HA from a slowly turning over
      pool(s).

PMID- 4031858
TI  - Glutamate decarboxylase activities in single vertebrate neurons.
AB  - An enzymatic microassay method for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) was improved to a degree yielding high sensitivity and
      low blank. Single cell bodies of anterior horn cells and dorsal root ganglion
      cells were dissected out from the freeze-dried sections of rabbit and chicken
      spinal cords and Purkinje cell bodies from those of rabbit cerebellum. A minute
      amount of GABA, present in single neurons or synthesized by GAD in single
      neurons, was enzymatically converted to NADPH. The NADPH was amplified 10,000
      350,000-fold and measured, using an enzymatic amplification reaction (NADP
      cycling). GAD was contained in all Purkinje cell bodies and its average activity
      was four- to fivefold higher than those of the molecular and granular layers of
      rabbit cerebellum. The GABA concentration was threefold higher in Purkinje cell
      bodies than in these layers. GAD activity, at a level similar to that in the
      cerebellar layers, was found in almost all the cell bodies of anterior horn cells
      from rabbit and chicken. GABA was detected in 40% of rabbit neurons and not in
      chicken neurons. Dorsal root ganglion cells from both species contained no
      measurable GAD or GABA.

PMID- 4031859
TI  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid metabolism and behavioral effects after intraventricular
      injection of spermine in chicks.
AB  - Effects of intraventricularly injected spermine on behavior and electrocortical
      activity and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism after a single dose of
      1.13 mumol/animal were studied. Decrease in locomotor activity, sedation or
      sleep, and electrocortical synchronization that lasted approximately 2 h were
      observed. In addition spermine caused a significant increase in GABA content in
      diencephalon and brainstem, 30 min after administration. Concomitantly a
      significant increase of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity was observed in
      cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, and brainstem. Reduction in gamma
      aminobutyrate: alpha-oxoglutarate amino-transferase (GABA-T) levels occurred in
      the diencephalon along with a significant increase of GABA-T in the brainstem.
      The present results demonstrate that spermine has the capacity to affect GABA
      metabolism and are in favor of the suggestion that endogenous polyamines may
      modulate GABAergic mechanisms.

PMID- 4031860
TI  - Biogenic aldehydes in brain: characteristics of a reaction between rat brain
      tissue and indole-3-acetaldehyde.
AB  - When indole-3-acetaldehyde was incubated with rat brain tissue, an aldehyde
      dehydrogenase-independent irreversible disappearance of the aldehyde was found.
      This was accompanied by an increase in absorbance at 240-400 nm, with a peak at
      310 nm. The results suggested that this change in absorbance was caused by a
      membrane-bound nonenzymatic reaction between indole-3-acetaldehyde and
      phospholipids. A similar reaction occurred between indole-3-acetaldehyde and pure
      preparations of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, but not
      phosphatidylcholine. Indole-3-acetaldehyde levels also decreased slightly when
      incubated with albumin but absorbance at 310 nm was unaltered. It is suggested
      that nonenzymatic reactions between indole-3-acetaldehyde (or other biogenic
      aldehydes) and membrane components might occur in vivo, and could be involved in
      the effects of drugs such as ethanol and barbiturates.

PMID- 4031861
TI  - Purification and characterization of a neuropeptide-degrading aminopeptidase from
      human brain.
AB  - The major aminopeptidase from human post-mortem brain (occipital cortex) was
      purified to homogeneity (as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) by
      anion-exchange chromatography (two steps) and gel filtration (two steps). The
      molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 105,000 from gel filtration.
      Maximum activity was obtained in the presence of 0.5 mM Ca2+ and 1 mM 2
      mercaptoethanol at pH 7.3. Enzyme activity was lost on freezing and thawing or on
      lyophilization. The enzyme was inhibited by metal-ion chelating agents,
      sulphydryl blocking agents, bestatin, and puromycin. A series of amino acyl-7
      amido-4-methylcoumarins was hydrolysed by the enzyme, with the alanyl derivative
      being hydrolysed most rapidly (Km 170 microM). Specificity studies with a series
      of alanine dipeptides suggested that a hydrophobic second residue favoured
      hydrolysis. Several naturally occurring neuropeptides, including Leu5-enkephalin
      (Km 180 microM), cholecystokinin octapeptide, and Arg8-vasopressin, were
      hydrolysed by the aminopeptidase. In a series of opioid peptides, increasing
      chain length led to decreased susceptibility to hydrolysis. Sulphation of the
      Tyr1 residue of Leu5-enkephalin and the Tyr2 residue of cholecystokinin
      octapeptide made the peptides more resistant to hydrolysis.

PMID- 4031862
TI  - Rat brain phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine is rich in polyunsaturated fatty
      acids.
AB  - Phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine (PDME), an intermediate in the formation of
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) by the sequential methylation of
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), was purified from rat brain and its fatty acid
      (FA) composition compared with those of brain PC and PE. The proportion of
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the PDME (29.8%) was similar to that of PE
      (27.7%) and much greater than in PC (2.8%). Like the PUFAs of PE, the major PUFAs
      found in PDME were arachidonic acid (20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). An
      isotopic method was developed to quantify the PDME purified from brain; a
      tritiated methyl group from CH3I was transferred to the PDME in the presence of
      cyclohexylamine to form [3H]PC, and the radioactivity of the PC was then counted.
      The concentration of rat brain PDME obtained using this method (33.0 +/- 1.8
      micrograms/g brain) was very similar to that obtained using quantitative GLC
      analysis of its FAs (36.9 +/- 1.8 micrograms/g). The FAs in the PE and PC of rat
      brain synaptosomes were also analyzed; too little PDME was present in
      synaptosomes to permit similar analysis. The percentage of unsaturated FAs
      insynaptosomal PE was even higher (43.4 vs. 27.7) than that in PE prepared from
      whole brain. Since synaptosomes have a very high activity of phosphatidyl-N
      methyltransferase, the enzyme complex that methylates PE to form PC, this enzyme
      may serve, in nerve endings, to produce a particular pool of PC, rich in PUFAs,
      which may have a distinct physiological function.

PMID- 4031863
TI  - Decreased cerebrospinal fluid glutamine levels in patients with benign brain
      tumors.
AB  - CSF glutamine concentrations were studied in 12 patients with benign brain tumors
      (meningioma, craniopharyngioma, or osteofibroma), 12 patients with malignant
      brain tumors (astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, pinealoblastoma, or chondrosarcoma),
      9 patients with noncerebral tumors, and a reference group of 24 patients. The
      mean +/- SD levels in the benign tumor group (424 +/- 124 microM) were
      significantly lower (p less than 0.0004) than those in the reference group (642
      +/- 195 microM). There was no significant difference between the CSF glutamine
      concentrations in the malignant cerebral tumor group (643 +/- 210 microM) or
      noncerebral tumor group (599 +/- 127 microM) and those in the reference group. In
      patients with benign brain tumors there was indication of an inverse linear
      relationship between the logarithm of CSF glutamine concentration and tumor
      diameter.

PMID- 4031864
TI  - Binding of [3H]serotonin to skeletal muscle actin.
AB  - We previously observed that the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT,
      serotonin) binds with high- and low-affinity interactions to an actin-like
      protein prepared from rat brain synaptosomes. In this study, we examined its
      binding to highly purified actin obtained from rabbit skeletal muscle. Monomeric
      G-actin bound serotonin with high and low affinities, exhibiting equilibrium
      dissociation constants (KD values) of 5 X 10(-5) M and 4 X 10(-3) M,
      respectively. The serotonin binding site on actin was distinct from those sites
      previously characterized for divalent cations, nucleotides, and cytochalasin
      alkaloids. The binding of serotonin (1 microM) to G-actin was increased as much
      as 26-fold by divalent cations. Potassium iodine (KI) increased the affinity of G
      actin for serotonin, KD values for this binding being 3 X 10(-7) M and  X 10(-5)
      M. Serotonin bound with even higher affinity to polymerized F-actin, with KD
      values of 2 X 10(-8) M and 2 X 10(-5) M. However, the total number of binding
      sites on F-actin was only about 4% of the number of G-actin. The binding of
      serotonin (0.1 microM) to G-actin could be inhibited by phenothiazines (1 microM)
      or reserpine (10 microM), but not by classical antagonists of serotonin receptors
      or by drugs that release serotonin or inhibit its uptake. The binding of
      serotonin to actin in vivo may participate in a contractile process related to
      neurotransmitter release.

PMID- 4031865
TI  - Association of serotonin, dopamine, or noradrenaline with an actin-like component
      in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.
AB  - A rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line was used to examine the possibility that
      5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine), or
      noradrenaline may be associated with cytoplasmic actin, as was suggested by
      previous in vitro binding studies on an actin-like protein from rat brain
      synaptosomes. When PC12 cells were incubated with [3H]serotonin. [3H]dopamine, or
      [3H]noradrenaline for 30 min at 37 degrees C, approximately 2-4% of the
      radioactivity present in the cells was found to be associated with a high
      molecular-weight (actin-like) component in supernatant fractions. Evidence
      relating this monoamine binding component to actin filaments includes: (a) its
      strong absorption by myosin filaments at low ionic strength: (b) a decrease in
      its affinity for myosin in the presence of 1 mM ATP, which lowers the affinity of
      authentic actin for myosin: (c) displacement of bound [3H]serotonin from it by
      DNase I, which binds strongly to actin and which inhibits [3H]serotonin binding
      to actin in vitro; (d) an increase in its binding of each monoamine (by 25-40%)
      after PC12 cells were preincubated with 10 microM cytochalasin B (a drug that
      induces depolymerization of F-actin). These findings suggest that serotonin,
      dopamine, or noradrenaline may associate with actin filaments in vivo.

PMID- 4031866
TI  - Does phospholipid methylation play a role in the primary mechanism of action of
      nerve growth factor?
AB  - Nerve growth factor (NGF)-untreated (naive) and neurite-bearing NGF-treated
      ("primed") PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells were used as model system to study the
      role of phospholipid methylation in the NGF mechanism of action. The neurite
      bearing cultures were deprived of NGF for 3 h before experimentation. Under both
      experimental conditions, the cells were labelled with [methyl-3H]methionine and
      then challenged with NGF for time periods ranging from 5 s to 30 min. Methylated
      phospholipids were extracted and then resolved and identified by TLC as
      phosphatidyl mono-, di-, and trimethyl ethanolamine. Quantification of the amount
      of radioactivity incorporated into each of the phospholipids indicated that NGF
      does not significantly alter phospholipid methylation either in naive or in
      neurite-bearing cells. Furthermore, using a methyltransferase inhibitor, it was
      found that neurite outgrowth still occurs when phospholipid methylation is almost
      completely blocked. These results indicate that phospholipid methylation does not
      play a primary role in the mechanism of action of NGF.

PMID- 4031867
TI  - Circadian rhythm in pineal N-acetyltransferase activity: phase shifting by dark
      pulses (III).
AB  - N-Acetyltransferase (NAT) is an enzyme whose rhythmic activity in the pineal
      gland and retina is thought to be responsible for melatonin circadian rhythms.
      The enzyme has circadian properties--its rhythm persists in constant conditions,
      and it is precisely controlled by light and dark. Experiments are reported in
      which 4-h light or dark pulses were imposed on chicks (Gallus domesticus) over a
      24-h period. Pineal NAT profiles were measured during and subsequent to the
      pulses. The phase of the NAT cycle following pulses was plotted to obtain phase
      response curves. Light pulses produced a maximum phase shift (advance of 5 h) 8 h
      after the expected time of lights-out; dark pulses produced a maximum phase shift
      (advance of 4 h) 3 h after the expected time of lights-out. Maximum phase delays
      (-2 h) occurred 1-2 h after the expected lights-out for light pulses and 8 h
      after expected lights-on for dark pulses.

PMID- 4031868
TI  - Specific replacements of pyruvate for trophic support of central and peripheral
      nervous system neurons.
AB  - When embryonic central nervous system neurons are seeded at low densities with
      Eagle's basal medium supplemented with the serum substitute N1, glucose, and
      glutamine, neuronal survival for even 24 h requires the additional supply of
      exogenous pyruvate--and so does the survival of many peripheral nervous system
      neurons. Pyruvate can be replaced by alpha-ketoglutarate or oxaloacetate, but not
      by Krebs cycle substrates that are not keto acids. Most other alpha-keto acids
      tested (though not beta- or gamma-keto acids) also mimic pyruvate. The apparent
      equivalence to pyruvate of all these compounds includes identical ED50 values
      (300 microM for embryonic avian fore-brain neurons, 30-40 microM for rat
      hippocampal neurons), and also identical susceptibilities to the pyruvate-sparing
      effects of other low-molecular-weight agents present in Dulbecco's modified
      Eagle's medium or in astroglia conditioned medium. The substitute alpha-keto
      acids, however--unlike pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, or oxaloacetate--support
      cell survival only in the presence of alpha-amino acids that transaminate to
      alpha-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, or pyruvate. The alpha-keto acids, therefore,
      operate as acceptors of amino groups from appropriate donors to generate Krebs
      cycle-relevant substrates. Consistent with this view, [14C]glutamate did not
      generate appreciable 14CO2 unless accompanied by a suitable alpha-keto
      acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031869
TI  - Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by phenyl azides.
AB  - We had previously shown that 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl azide (FNPA) is a competitive
      inhibitor of both types of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the dark, but it is a
      preferential photoaffinity label for only the type B MAO (MAO-B). Recently we
      synthesized a number of arylazido compounds with structures related to FNPA and
      determined the effects of these compounds on the two types of MAO in rat brain
      cortex. We found that the fluoro group of FNPA was not required for the
      inhibition of MAO activities because neither the presence nor the position of the
      fluoro group affected its inhibition of MAO. On the other hand, both the nitro
      and the azido groups of FNPA were shown to be important for FNPA inactivation of
      two types of MAO. The inhibitory potency was significantly lower for compounds
      without either group. Furthermore, we found that all nitrophenyl azide isomers
      except 2-nitrophenyl azide were photodependent inhibitors of MAO-B. Under the
      same experimental conditions none of the compounds photoinactivated MAO-A. On the
      basis of these findings, mechanisms for FNPA inhibition of the two types of MAO
      are discussed.

PMID- 4031870
TI  - 1-Piperideine as an in vivo precursor of the gamma-aminobutyric acid homologue 5
      aminopentanoic acid.
AB  - Intraperitoneal injection of the cyclic imine 1-piperideine in mice resulted in
      measurable quantities of 5-aminopentanoic acid in brain. 5-Aminopentanoic acid is
      a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is a weak GABA
      agonist. 5-Aminopentanoic acid formed in the periphery was ruled out as the
      source of brain 5-aminopentanoic acid based on the absence of detection in brain
      following injection of 100 mg/kg of 5-aminopentanoic acid. Deuterium-labeled 1
      piperideine was prepared by exchange in deuterated phosphate buffer. Injection of
      [3.3-2H2]1-piperideine yielded [2.2-2H2]5-aminopentanoic acid in brain. The
      results are consistent with uptake of 1-piperideine into brain and oxidation of
      the precursor to 5-aminopentanoic acid. Inhibition of GABA catabolism by
      pretreatment with aminooxyacetic acid increased brain concentrations of 5
      aminopentanoic acid formed from 1-piperideine, suggesting that 5-aminopentanoic
      acid is an in vivo substrate of 4-aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase.

PMID- 4031871
TI  - Facilitated transport of glucose from blood into peripheral nerve.
AB  - D-Glucose is the major substrate for energy metabolism in peripheral nerve. The
      mechanism of transfer of glucose across the blood-nerve barrier is unclarified.
      In this study an in situ perfusion technique was utilized, in anesthetized rats,
      to examine monosaccharide transport from blood into peripheral nerve.
      Unidirectional influxes of D-[14C]glucose, L-[14C]glucose, and [14C]3-O-methyl-D
      glucose across capillaries of the tibial nerve were measured at different
      perfusate concentrations of unlabelled D-glucose. The permeability-surface area
      product (PA) for D-[14C]glucose and [14C]3-O-methyl-D-glucose decreased, whereas
      the PA for L-[14C]glucose remained constant, as the perfusate concentration of D
      glucose was increased. In the presence of no added unlabelled D-glucose in the
      perfusate, the PA for L-[14C]glucose equaled one-fifth the PA for D-[14C]glucose.
      These results demonstrate self-saturation, competitive inhibition, and
      stereospecificity of glucose transfer, and for the first time show a
      unidirectional facilitated transport mechanism for D-monosaccharides at
      capillaries of mammalian peripheral nerve. The data were fit to a model for
      facilitated transport and passive diffusion. The half-saturation constant and
      maximal rate of transport for the saturable component of D-glucose influx equaled
      23 +/- 11 mumol X ml-1 and 6.6 +/- 3.2 X 10(-3) mumol X s-1 X g-1, respectively.
      The constant of nonsaturable glucose influx equaled 0.5 +/- 0.1 X 10(-4) s-1. At
      normal plasma glucose concentrations, the saturable component comprises about 80%
      of total D-glucose influx into nerve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031872
TI  - Alteration in the postnatal ontogeny of cerebellar norepinephrine content
      following chronic prenatal carbon monoxide.
AB  - The postnatal ontogeny of norepinephrine content in the cortex and cerebellum was
      determined in rats exposed prenatally to a chronic low level of carbon monoxide
      (150 parts per million). In the cerebellum, norepinephrine concentration and
      total norepinephrine content among carbon monoxide-exposed rats were consistently
      elevated over that of control rats from the second through the sixth postnatal
      weeks. In the cortex, norepinephrine concentration and total norepinephrine
      content among carbon monoxide-exposed rats did not differ from that of control
      rats over the same period. These results identify the cerebellum as a region
      whose postnatal development is altered by prenatal exposure to low levels of
      carbon monoxide-induced hypoxia.

PMID- 4031873
TI  - Synthesis of the novel dipeptide beta-aspartylglycine by Aplysia ganglia.
AB  - Isolated ganglia from Aplysia californica rapidly took up [14C]glycine or
      [14C]aspartate from a sea-water medium. Approximately 20% of the tissue
      radioactivity was recovered in the peptides beta-aspartylglycine and glutathione
      after incubation with [14C]glycine. Compared with other individual cells isolated
      from the abdominal ganglion, the glycine-containing white cells (R3-R14)
      incorporated less [14C]glycine into beta-aspartylglycine, but similar amounts
      into glutathione. In contrast, [14C]aspartate was metabolized primarily to
      nonamino dicarboxylic acids and relatively little radioactivity was incorporated
      into beta-aspartylglycine.

PMID- 4031874
TI  - Kinetic analysis of cerebrovascular isoleucine transport from saline and plasma.
AB  - The concentration dependence of regional isoleucine transport across the blood
      brain barrier was determined in anesthetized rats with the in situ brain
      perfusion technique of Takasato et al. [Am. J. Physiol. 247, H484-493 (1984)].
      This technique allows, for the first time, accurate measurements of
      cerebrovascular amino acid transport in the absence of competing amino acids
      using saline perfusate, and in the presence of physiological concentrations of
      amino acids using plasma perfusate. Cerebrovascular isoleucine transport from
      saline perfusate followed Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics where Vmax = 9 -
      11 X 10(-4) mumol X s-1 X g-1 and Km = 0.054-0.068 mumol X ml-1 in six brain
      regions. A component of nonsaturable transport was not detected in any brain
      region even though perfusate isoleucine concentration was increased to greater
      than or equal to 150 times the normal plasma concentration. Isoleucine influx
      during plasma perfusion was only 8% of that predicted from the saline perfusion
      data due to transport inhibition by competing amino acids in plasma. Competitive
      inhibition increased the apparent Km for isoleucine transport from plasma by
      greater than or equal to 24-fold to 1.5-1.7 mumol X ml-1. These data provide
      accurate new estimates of the kinetic constants that describe amino acid
      transport across the blood-brain barrier. In addition, they indicate that the
      cerebrovascular transfer-site affinity (1/Km) for isoleucine is approximately
      fivefold greater than previously reported with the brain uptake index technique.

PMID- 4031875
TI  - Effect of unilateral decortication on choline acetyltransferase activity in the
      nucleus basalis and other areas of the rat brain.
AB  - Acetyl-coenzyme A: choline O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6) (ChAT) enzyme
      activity was measured in the nucleus basalis and other microscopically identified
      brain areas at various times after unilateral cortical lesions were made in the
      rat. Initially, a significant decrease in ChAT activity was detected in the
      nucleus basalis ipsilateral to the lesion. However, after 120 days ChAT activity
      had apparently recovered, as levels of the enzyme at that time were not
      significantly different from control values. No changes in ChAT activity could be
      detected in any of the other brain areas similarly studied. The significance of
      these findings and their relationship to the morphological changes seen in
      neurones of the nucleus basalis after cortical lesions are discussed.

PMID- 4031876
TI  - Choline acetyltransferase activity in the rat trigeminal system.
AB  - Choline acetyltransferase activity was investigated in the superior cervical
      ganglia and in six microdissected regions of the medulla oblongata of the rat
      ipsilateral and contralateral to electrolytic lesions of the trigeminal sensory
      ganglia (Gasserian). Electrolytic lesions of the Gasserian ganglia failed to
      modify levels of enzymatic activity in all structures studied. This result would
      be an argument against the existence of a major cholinergic population of sensory
      neurones in the trigeminal system.

PMID- 4031877
TI  - Circannual rhythm of free fatty acids and diacylglycerols in 5-day-old rat
      cerebrum during pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions.
AB  - Free fatty acids (FFA) and diacylglycerol (DG) content and composition in the
      cerebrum of 5-day-old rats were studied after pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced
      convulsions. A threefold increase in brain FFA was observed 30 min after PTZ
      injection in experiments carried out in spring. In contrast, a 50% decrease in
      FFA content was observed during summer. These changes were accounted for by
      saturated and monoenoic fatty acids, whereas arachidonic and docosahexaenoic
      acids were not affected during the convulsive episode in either season. The
      effect of PTZ on brain DG was much smaller than it was on FFA, and less sensitive
      to seasonal influence. However, DG released in the summer was significantly less
      enriched in arachidonic acid than in the spring. Levels of FFA and DG in
      untreated animals were found to be subject to a circannual rhythm. Both the
      levels of FFA and their degree of unsaturation (unsaturated fatty acids/total
      FFA) were highest in summer and lowest in winter, whereas the opposite was true
      for DG. Circannual variations in these metabolites may be the manifestation of a
      programmed biological calendar regulating enzymes of brain lipid metabolism in
      homeotherms that under natural conditions must adapt to changing environmental
      temperatures.

PMID- 4031878
TI  - [3H]Threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate binding to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine uptake
      sites in corpus striatum: correlation with the stimulant properties of ritalinic
      acid esters.
AB  - Saturable and stereoselective binding sites for [3H]threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate
      were characterized in rat brain membranes. The highest density of [3H]threo-(+/-)
      methylphenidate binding sites was found in the synaptosomal fraction of corpus
      striatum. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of noninteracting binding
      sites with an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of 235 nM and a maximum number
      of binding sites (Bmax) of 13.4 pmol/mg protein. Saturable, high-affinity binding
      of [3H]threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate to striatal synaptosomal membranes was
      dependent on the presence of sodium ions. A good correlation (r = 0.88; p less
      than 0.001) was observed between the potencies of various psychotropic drugs in
      displacing [3H]threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate from these sites and their potencies
      as inhibitors of [3H]3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine ( [3H]dopamine) uptake into
      striatal synaptosomes. A good correlation (r = 0.85; p less than 0.001) was also
      observed between the potencies of a series of ritalinic acid esters in inhibiting
      [3H]threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate binding to striatal synaptosomal membranes and
      their potencies as motor stimulants in mice. These observations suggest that the
      binding sites for [3H]threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate described here are associated
      with a dopamine uptake or transport complex, and that these sites may mediate the
      motor stimulant properties of ritalinic acid esters such as methylphenidate.

PMID- 4031879
TI  - Cholinergic- and adrenergic-stimulated inositide hydrolysis in brain:
      interaction, regional distribution, and coupling mechanisms.
AB  - Carbachol and norepinephrine were used as agonists to compare and contrast
      cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation of inositide breakdown in rat brain
      slices. Carbachol acts through a muscarinic (possibly M1) receptor and
      norepinephrine acts through an alpha 1 adrenoceptor. Studies in cerebral cortical
      slices indicated that both agonists stimulated the production of inositol-1
      phosphate and glycerophosphoinositol. Although the initial rates for the
      stimulation of inositol phosphate release were similar for the two ligands, the
      response to norepinephrine continued for 60 min and was larger compared with
      carbachol which plateaued at 30 min. The presence of carbachol did not affect the
      ED50 for norepinephrine. Concentrations of carbachol near the ED50 in combination
      with norepinephrine resulted in an additive response whereas maximal
      concentrations of carbachol and norepinephrine resulted in a less than additive
      response in the cortex. This negative interaction was also seen in the
      hippocampus and hypothalamus but not in the striatum, brainstem, spinal cord,
      olfactory bulb, or cerebellum. Norepinephrine had a larger response than
      carbachol in the hippocampus, striatum, and spinal cord, but the reverse was true
      in the olfactory bulb. Manganese (1 mM) stimulated the incorporation of
      [3H]inositol into phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) four- to fivefold but not into
      polyphosphoinositides. The stimulation by manganese of PtdIns labelling increased
      the nonstimulated release of inositol phosphates but did not affect the
      stimulated release of inositol phosphates by carbachol or
      norepinephrine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031880
TI  - Effect of reactive oxygen species on myelin membrane proteins.
AB  - Fresh myelin, isolated from brainstems of adult rats, was incubated in the
      presence of Cu2+ and H2O2. Electrophoretic analysis of the reisolated myelin
      membrane revealed a gradual loss of the protein moiety from the characteristic
      pattern and an increase in aggregated material appearing at the origin of the
      gel. The aggregation of proteins was time-dependent and was concomitant with the
      accumulation of lipid peroxidation products reactive with thiobarbituric acid.
      Furthermore, during the course of incubation, there was a gradual decrease in the
      amount of recovered light myelin and a quantitatively similar increase in heavier
      myelin subfractions. The aggregation of proteins seems not to be directly related
      to the buoyant densities of myelin fragments. The peroxidative damage to the
      myelin proteins may be an important contributor to pathochemistry of myelin
      sheath, in particular, and in general it implies the susceptibility of the
      protein moiety of cell membranes to oxygen-induced deterioration.

PMID- 4031881
TI  - Identification and topography of substrates for protein carboxyl
      methyltransferase in synaptic membrane and myelin-enriched fractions of bovine
      and rat brain.
AB  - The major components of crude brain synaptosomes (synaptic membranes,
      mitochondria, and myelin) have been separated and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis for the presence of proteins that serve as substrates for protein
      carboxyl methyltransferase. Of the three fractions, synaptic membranes contain
      the largest number of individual methyl acceptors (at least seven), while
      mitochondria contain no well-defined methyl acceptors. Undisrupted myelin
      contains a single major methyl acceptor with a very low apparent molecular
      weight. The patterns of protein methylation in synaptic membranes prepared from
      cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, and tectum showed marked
      differences; however, these differences could largely be explained by
      differential degrees of myelin contamination in synaptic membranes from the
      different regions. The effect of trypsin pretreatment on the carboxyl methylation
      of intact and lysed synaptosomes was studied to estimate the sidedness of the
      major methylation sites on synaptic membranes. One of the methyl acceptors (Mr
      48K) appears to be facing the intracellular surface of the synaptosome, but most
      sites appear to be outward facing.

PMID- 4031882
TI  - In vivo phosphorylation of the postsynaptic density glycoprotein gp180.
AB  - Rats received intraventricular injections of [32P]PO4 and were killed after 30
      min for the preparation of postsynaptic densities (PSDs). Gel electrophoretic
      analysis identified a number of PSD proteins that incorporated 32P under these
      conditions. Major proteins that were labelled with 32P had Mr of 185,000,
      165,000, 140,000, 92,000, and 51,000. Of these p185, p165, and p140 were also
      labelled when PSDs were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP in vitro. In contrast p92
      and p51 were relatively poorly labelled under in vitro conditions. Analysis of
      glycoproteins isolated by chromatography on concanavalin A (Con A)-agarose
      demonstrated that greater than 70-80% of the 32P present in the glycoproteins
      eluted from Con A-agarose with alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside (Con A+
      glycoproteins) was associated with the PSD specific glycoprotein gp180 following
      both in vivo and in vitro labelling. Phosphopeptide maps and phosphoamino acid
      analysis of gp180 indicated that similar sites were labelled in vitro and in
      vivo. Analysis of the subcellular distribution of glycoproteins that incorporated
      32P during in vivo labelling demonstrated that gp180 was highly concentrated in
      PSDs, in accord with the previously suggested exclusive association of this
      glycoprotein with postsynaptic structures.

PMID- 4031883
TI  - Is propionylcholine present in or synthesized by electric organ?
AB  - When small blocks comprising four columns of electrocytes were excised from
      electric organs of Torpedo marmorata after stimulation in vivo via the electric
      lobe at 1 Hz for 1 h and allowed to recover at 20-22 degrees C for several hours
      in medium containing 100 microM d4 choline and 500 microM propionate, small
      quantities of propionylcholine amounting to no more than 1% of the endogenous
      acetylcholine of the tissue could be detected in tissue extracts by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Kinetic studies demonstrated that there
      was no nonexchangeable propionylcholine in the tissue and in the absence of added
      propionate, propionylcholine levels were less than 0.2% of tissue acetylcholine.
      Vesicular propionylcholine amounted to less than 0.5% of vesicular acetylcholine
      and the distribution of d0 and d4 propionylcholine suggested that an appreciable
      proportion (up to one-third) of this could be an artifact of preparation for GCMS
      determinations. Propionylcholine formation during extraction and demethylation of
      an artificial mixture of acetylcholine, choline, and propionate was indeed
      detected. It is concluded that propionylcholine has no significance as an
      endogenous or as a false transmitter at this terminal, in conformity with the
      work of Sheridan et al. [Z. Zellforsch. 74, 281-307 (1966)] but in contrast to
      the report of O'Regan [J. Neurochem. 39, 764-772 (1982)].

PMID- 4031884
TI  - Effects of monovalent ions on the transport of noradrenaline across the plasma
      membrane of neuronal cells (PC-12 cells).
AB  - The dependence on Na+, K+, and Cl- of uptake and accumulation of
      [3H]noradrenaline was studied in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from PC-12
      pheochromocytoma cells. Plasma membrane vesicles accumulated [3H]noradrenaline
      when an inward-directed gradient for Na+ and an outward-directed gradient for K+
      were imposed across the vesicle membrane. Under these conditions, initial rates
      of uptake of [3H]noradrenaline were saturable (Km = 0.14 microM) and inhibited by
      a series of substrates and inhibitors of "uptake". The IC50 values were
      positively correlated with those for inhibition of uptake into intact PC-12
      cells. Uptake and accumulation of [3H]noradrenaline in plasma membrane vesicles
      were absolutely dependent on external Na+ and Cl-; they were dependent on an
      inwardly directed gradient for Na+ but less dependent on an inwardly directed
      gradient for Cl-. Internal K+ strongly enhanced uptake and accumulation of
      [3H]noradrenaline. Rb+, but not Li+, had the capacity to replace internal K+. Two
      explanations are proposed for this effect of internal K+: (a) creation of a K+
      diffusion potential (inside negative) provides a driving force for inward
      transport, and/or (b) K+ increases the turnover rate by formation of a highly
      mobile potassium-carrier complex. A hypothetical scheme for the transport of
      noradrenaline is presented.

PMID- 4031885
TI  - Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity of oligodendrocytes isolated from adult
      pig brain: its inducibility by hydrocortisone.
AB  - Developing oligodendrocytes cultured in vitro express glycerol phosphate
      dehydrogenase (GPDH; EC 1.1.1.8) and are known to respond to glucocorticoid
      treatment by increased activity of GPDH. We present evidence that GPDH is
      enriched in white matter and oligodendrocytes of adult pig brain. Bulk-isolated
      oligodendrocytes maintained in culture for several weeks exhibit an almost
      constant level of GPDH activity. Furthermore, a 4-day stimulation with
      hydrocortisone induces GPDH specific activity of long-term cultured
      oligodendrocytes from adult pig brain.

PMID- 4031886
TI  - Enzymatic regulation of glycoprotein synthesis in peripheral nervous system
      myelin.
AB  - The enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: dolichyl phosphate, N-acetylglucosamine-1
      phosphate transferase initiates the synthesis of the oligosaccharide chain of
      complex-type glycoproteins. In view of the high content of glycoprotein in
      peripheral nerve myelin, the properties of this enzyme, its changes with age, and
      the effect of the specific inhibitor tunicamycin were investigated. The enzyme
      activity in rat peripheral nerve homogenate was completely dependent on the
      presence of exogenous dolichyl phosphate as well as Mg2+ and a detergent (Triton
      X-100) and was also greatly stimulated by a high salt concentration (0.4 M KCl)
      and AMP. The highest specific activity was present in the postmitochondrial
      membranes. The specific activity in postmitochondrial membranes in the presence
      of exogenous dolichyl phosphate reached a maximum at 17 days and remained
      relatively high throughout development, up to 2 years of age, but the activity
      was much lower when dolichyl phosphate was not added. This indicates that the
      enzyme level does not decrease with age, but that the content of the lipid
      cofactor may limit glycoprotein synthesis in vivo. Tunicamycin (5 micrograms) was
      injected intraneurally into 24-day-old rat sciatic nerve, and the enzyme was
      assayed from 1 to 24 days after injection. The specific activity of the
      transferase remained at low levels (5-40% of the level in control nerve) in most
      injected nerves assayed throughout this postinjection period. A protein
      previously identified as the unglycosylated P0 protein was synthesized in vitro
      by the tunicamycin-injected nerve and could be demonstrated to be incorporated
      into myelin in large amounts at 2 days and in small amounts at 6 days after
      injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031887
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of myelin proteolipid protein and its deacylated form.
AB  - Myelin proteolipid protein is known to contain covalently bound fatty acid. To
      determine the contribution of the fatty acid to the multiple bands observed on
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the electrophoretic
      parameters of the proteolipid protein were compared with those of the deacylated
      form. The relative mobility and proportion of each band, as well as the
      retardation coefficient and free electrophoretic mobility, were not altered by
      removal of the fatty acid moiety. Furthermore, the acylated and deacylated forms
      bound the same amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate. These data demonstrate that the
      presence of covalently bound fatty acids does not account for the electrophoretic
      heterogeneity of the proteolipid.

PMID- 4031888
TI  - Structure of catecholamine secretory vesicles from PC12 cells.
AB  - Catecholamine secretory organelles were partially purified from PC12 cells.
      Measurement of the sedimentation coefficient (540S in 0.32 M sucrose), density in
      an isoosmotic gradient (1.139 g/cm), and density in an isoosmotic gradient using
      D2O as a solvent (1.205 g/cm3) have allowed us to calculate the molecular weight
      (1.17 X 10(9) daltons), radius (74 nm), and water content (62% vol/vol) of the
      secretory vesicle. The vesicle appears to contain ATP, but the molar ratio of 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) to ATP in the particles is high (16.5) and
      the ATP was frequently asymmetrically distributed in the vesicle fraction. The
      particle behaves like a true secretory particle in that the dopamine content of
      the particle is increased by pargyline, diminished by depolarization, and
      abolished by reserpine. Sequential purification of PC12 lysates on controlled
      pore glass columns and isoosmotic Ficoll gradients produced a 20-30-fold
      purification, but this enrichment is not sufficient to produce a homogeneous
      population of vesicles. An 82,000-dalton protein copurifies with secretory
      granules and appears to be the major secreted protein. At this stage of
      purification this single protein makes up about 30% of the protein in the vesicle
      containing fractions and so the vesicles must be approaching homogeneity.

PMID- 4031889
TI  - Acetylcholine synthesis by adult bovine adrenal chromaffin cell cultures.
AB  - Adrenal chromaffin cells normally synthesize and release catecholamines. In the
      present study, [3H]acetylcholine synthesis and another characteristic of
      cholinergic neurons, [3H]choline uptake, were studied in cultures of adult bovine
      adrenal chromaffin cells. Chromaffin cell cultures took up [3H]choline from the
      medium and acetylated the [3H]choline to form [3H]acetylcholine. The rate of
      [3H]acetylcholine synthesis increased after 19 days in culture and continued to
      increase up to 28 days in culture. [3H]Acetylcholine synthesis could be increased
      by stimulating the cells with a depolarizing concentration of K+. The ability for
      K+ to stimulate synthesis of [3H]acetylcholine developed only after 28 days in
      culture. [3H]Choline was taken up by the cultures through a single mechanism with
      a high (to intermediate) affinity for choline. [3H]Choline uptake was enhanced by
      Na+ omission in day-14 cultures, but was at least partially Na+-dependent in day
      29 cultures. Hemicholinium-3 (IC50 less than 10 muM) inhibited [3H]choline uptake
      into chromaffin cell cultures. It is concluded that bovine adrenal chromaffin
      cells, maintained in culture, are able to exhibit cholinergic properties and this
      capacity is retained even by the mature adult cell.

PMID- 4031890
TI  - Distribution of Nsp100 and Nsp100 kinase, a nerve growth factor-sensitive
      phosphorylation system, in rat tissues.
AB  - Previous work from this laboratory has shown that in PC12 cells the
      phosphorylation of a specific soluble protein is decreased by nerve growth factor
      treatment. The protein, designated Nsp100, and its kinase have been separated and
      partially purified from PC12 cells. In the present work, the tissue distribution
      of Nsp100 phosphorylation in 5-day-old and adult rats was studied. In adult rats,
      phosphorylation of an Nsp100-like protein was observed in brain, adrenal gland,
      testis, and muscle, but not in liver or kidney. In 5-day-old rats, a similar
      phosphorylation was observed in brain, adrenal gland, superior cervical ganglia,
      liver, spleen, kidney, and muscle. In PC12 cells, Nsp100 phosphorylation is
      completely inhibited by 5 X 10(-5) M Zn2+ and is completely inactivated by
      treatment at 50 degrees C for 2 min. The phosphorylation of the Nsp100-like
      protein in both adult and 5-day-old rats showed the same characteristics. Partial
      purification of Nsp100 and Nsp100 kinase from the brains of 5-day-old rats was
      carried out using the procedures developed for PC12 cells. Nsp100 and Nsp100
      kinase were separated on diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel, and the kinase was eluted
      with 0.3 M NaCl; the same results have previously been obtained with PC12 cells.
      Phosphorylated Nsp100 from brain and from PC12 cells was compared by proteolysis
      on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels; similar peptide patterns were generated from the
      two samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4031891
TI  - Isolation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 from rat brain.
AB  - Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) was isolated from salt-washed microsomes
      of 4-day-old rat brain which show a high rate of protein synthesis. A three-step
      purification scheme was employed, including heparin-Sepharose, phosphocellulose,
      and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis of the isolated factor revealed three polypeptides with
      molecular weights of 43,000, 54,000, and 59,000 and 90% purity. The rat brain eIF
      2 forms ternary complexes with [3H]methionyl-tRNAi and GTP. In terms of specific
      activity, the purification does not correspond to that revealed by
      electrophoretic analysis. During purification there is an apparent loss of
      additional factors that modulates the activity of eIF-2 and explains the high
      rate of activity of the crude fraction.

PMID- 4031892
TI  - Involvement of an "antizyme" in the inactivation of ornithine decarboxylase.
AB  - DL-Allylglycine causes a marked increase in mouse brain ornithine decarboxylase
      (ODC) activity. The amount of immunoreactive enzyme protein increases
      concomitantly with the activity, but the enzyme protein decreases more slowly
      than that of the activity. The amount of immunoreactive ODC in brain is many
      hundred times that of the catalytically active enzyme. The fact that mouse brain
      cytosol contains high amounts of dissociable antizyme (an inactivating protein)
      indicates the existence of an inactive, immunoreactive ODC-antizyme pool. The
      total antizyme content does not change markedly, but instead there are
      significant changes in different antizyme pools. Putrescine concentrations start
      to increase 8 h after treatment with allylglycine and concomitantly with this
      increase, antizyme is released to inhibit enzyme activity. These results indicate
      the involvement of antizyme in the inactivation process of ODC.

PMID- 4031893
TI  - Multiple [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding sites in rat and chicken
      cerebral hemispheres.
AB  - Specific binding of [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) to membranes from
      cerebral hemispheres of adult rat and chicken was determined over a range of
      radioligand concentrations from 0.25 to 500 nM. Scatchard plots of these data
      were curvilinear and nonlinear regression analysis indicated binding to two sites
      that differ in affinity. For rat cerebrum, KD(1) = 1.15 nM, Bmax(1) = 0.085
      pmol/mg; KD(2) = 232 nM, Bmax(2) = 16.9 pmol/mg. For chicken cerebrum, KD(1) =
      1.39 nM, Bmax(1) = 0.111 pmol/mg; KD(2) = 166 nM, Bmax(2) = 17.6 pmol/mg. This
      multiplicity of [35S]TBPS binding was further confirmed when unlabeled TBPS or
      picrotoxinin displaced radioligand. The displacement curves were biphasic and
      yielded Hill coefficients from 0.65 to 0.70. These displacement curves were also
      resolved into two components with distinct IC50 values for unlabeled TBPS (rat,
      1.55 and 271 nM; chicken, 2.40 and 224 nM). The IC50 values were similar to the
      dissociation constants obtained from equilibrium binding measurements.

PMID- 4031894
TI  - Cell survival characteristics and choline acetyltransferase activity in motor
      neurone-enriched cultures from chick embryo spinal cord.
AB  - The effect of muscle extract on cell survival and choline acetyltransferase
      (ChAT) activity in cultures of enriched cholinergic neurones from 7-day chick
      embryo spinal cord was examined. When neurones were grown on hydrated collagen
      gels, considerable cell survival and ChAT activity were obtained even in the
      absence of tissue extract. These parameters were stimulated twofold in the
      presence of skeletal muscle extract but not liver or skin extracts. The
      cholinergic neurotrophic activity was found to be heat- and trypsin-sensitive,
      nondialysable, and to act in the virtual absence of glial cells. These data are
      consistent with a retrogradely acting motor neurone trophic activity.

PMID- 4031895
TI  - [Preparation, stereochemical study and evaluation of the antileukemic activity of
      glucoside derivatives of (-)-steganol].
AB  - The optically active lignan (-)-steganol was prepared from natural (-)-steganacin
      by selective deacetylation and was transformed, via a three-step sequence, into
      the corresponding 4', 6'-O-ethylidene- and thenylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosides,
      3b and 3c, respectively, which are the analogues, in the steganol series, of the
      podophyllotoxin derived, and clinically useful, anticancer drugs, VP16-213 and
      VM26. Formation of the dimeric compound distegyl ether as a minor by-product was
      established. Complete elucidation of all the asymmetric centres was performed
      with the help of high resolution 1H-nmr studies at 400 MHz, COSY experiment at
      500 MHz and X-ray analysis. Contrary to the podophyllotoxin series, the
      glycosylation of (-)-steganol occurred with retention of configuration, and all
      the synthesized compounds, including distegyl ether, exhibited the starting
      natural R configuration at C-5.

PMID- 4031896
TI  - Preparation of glucosidic derivatives of steganol.
AB  - Glucoside derivatives of steganol analogous to the semisynthetic podophyllotoxin
      derivative, VP 16-213, were prepared. Glucosidation of steganol with 2, 3, 4, 6
      tetra-O-benzylglucopyranose gave the alpha-anomer of the glucoside as the major
      product. Subsequent removal of the benzyl groups and reaction with acetaldehyde
      dimethyl acetal gave the ethylidene derivative 10. The beta-anomer of the
      glucoside was similarly converted to 12. All derivatives prepared were screened
      for activity in the DNA breakage assay.

PMID- 4031897
TI  - [The effect of modification of the intracellular distribution of polyamines on
      the proliferation of hepatocytes treated with 2-methyl-9-hydroxyellipticine].
AB  - 2-Methyl-9-hydroxyellipticine (MHE) added to tumoral hepatocyte cultures (400 ng
      MHE/ml medium) is responsible for a cytostatic effect. This decrease of cellular
      proliferation and of DNA synthesis is accompanied by an increase of intracellular
      free spermidine levels. We could not attribute this result to a deviation of this
      polyamine metabolism. These increased concentrations of free spermidine are
      connected to a decrease of the amount of nuclear bound polyamines, mainly joined
      with the RNA fraction. Thus, the cytostatic effect observed with this drug might
      be related to a decrease in the amount of spermidine connected to RNA; therefore,
      its intercalating effect is only indirectly responsible for the cellular
      proliferation decrease.

PMID- 4031898
TI  - Antimicrobially active alkaloids from Tabernaemontana chippii.
AB  - From Tabernaemontana chippii root bark, forty-five alkaloids were isolated;
      thirty-four were fully characterized by means of their spectral data and/or co
      tlc; eight alkaloids were new, four of them being 3-hydroxy derivatives of known
      dimeric voacamine type alkaloids. Most of the twenty-six known alkaloids belonged
      to the corynanthean, ibogan, or bisindole classes. The structures of eleven other
      alkaloids--all minor--were only partially elucidated, most of them being new
      alkaloids. All the dimeric alkaloids were shown to possess strong antimicrobial
      activity against gram-positive bacteria and moderate to weak activity against
      gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 4031899
TI  - Constituents of Erysimum inconspicuum. Two sulfur-containing lactone compounds.
AB  - The alcohol extract of Erysimum inconspicuum fruits, which exhibited cytotoxic
      activity against the KB cell line and some activity against the P-388 lymphocytic
      leukemia in vivo, was studied. Strophanthidin, uzarigenin, and two sulfur
      containing lactones, erysulfone[6-methylsulfonyl-4-hydroxyhexanoic acid lactone]
      and erysulfoxide[6-methylsulfinyl-4-hydroxyhexanoic acid lactone], were isolated
      and characterized by spectral data.

PMID- 4031900
TI  - Antineoplastic and piscicidal 1-alkyldaphnane orthoesters from Pimelea species.
AB  - Five biologically active daphnane orthoesters have been isolated from Pimelea
      species (Thymelaeaceae). Four of these possessing antineoplastic activity against
      in vivo murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia are gnidimacrin from P. ligustrina,
      simpleximacrin from P. simplex, linimacrin d and Pimelea factor P3 from P.
      linifolia. Linimacrin c from P. linifolia and the other four compounds showed
      piscicidal activity. Gnidimacrin and Pimelea factor P3 have previously been
      isolated from other members of the Thymelaeaceae. Simpleximacrin and linimacrins
      c and d are new compounds.

PMID- 4031901
TI  - On the distribution of ribosome-inactivating proteins amongst plants.
AB  - The extracts from various parts (mostly seeds) of 56 different plants were
      examined for inhibition of protein synthesis by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate.
      Most extracts inhibited protein synthesis with an ID50 (concentration giving 50%
      inhibition) of 100 micrograms extract protein per ml, or less. The extracts with
      high activity were partially purified by CM cellulose chromatography. Protein
      containing fractions were separated which inhibited protein synthesis and
      resembled the ribosome-inactivating proteins from plants previously described.
      Thus, ribosome-inactivating proteins appear to be virtually ubiquitous in plants.

PMID- 4031902
TI  - Cell growth inhibitory glycosides from Asclepias amplexicaulis.

PMID- 4031903
TI  - Terpenoids from Viguiera potosina.

PMID- 4031904
TI  - Cucurbitacin B and isocucurbitacin B: cytotoxic components of Helicteres isora.

PMID- 4031905
TI  - Rehabilitation after severe brain injury: a follow-up study of a behaviour
      modification approach.
AB  - Twenty four patients with severe brain injury who had disturbed behaviours
      preventing rehabilitation or care in ordinary settings were treated in a token
      economy. This long-term follow-up study indicates that post-traumatic behaviour
      disorders can be lastingly improved, and that lengthy rehabilitation can have
      surprisingly good effects.

PMID- 4031906
TI  - Syringoperitoneal shunt for treatment of cord cavitation.
AB  - A series of twenty-nine patients with cord cavitation were treated by
      syringoperitoneal shunt. Twenty-two of them showed improvement after operation,
      five were unchanged and two worsened. Operation was performed in patients with
      post-traumatic cystic myelopathy, idiopathic syringomyelia, intramedullary
      tumours associated with cysts, and patients who had developed cystic myelopathy
      in association with spinal arachnoiditis. Pain improved in twenty patients,
      sensory symptoms and signs in eleven and weakness in ten.

PMID- 4031907
TI  - Pellagra encephalopathy among tuberculous patients: its relation to isoniazid
      therapy.
AB  - Eight cases of pellagra, diagnosed on the grounds of neuropathological findings
      and retrospective study of clinical data, were found among 106 necropsy cases of
      tuberculosis. Although these eight patients had shown various mental,
      neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as skin lesions, the
      diagnosis of pellagra had not been made clinically. In all the patients, pellagra
      symptoms appeared during isoniazid therapy. Death occurred 4 to 16 weeks later.
      Isoniazid inhibits the conversion of tryptophan to niacin and may induce
      pellagra, particularly in poorly nourished patients. Pellagra should be suspected
      whenever tuberculous patients under treatment with isoniazid develop mental,
      neurological or gastrointestinal symptoms, even in the absence of typical
      pellagra dermatitis.

PMID- 4031908
TI  - Absence of enhanced physiological tremor in patients without muscle or cutaneous
      afferents.
AB  - Patients with proprioceptive loss due to a neuropathy affecting large myelinated
      sensory nerve fibres were studied to determine the role of somaesthetic sensory
      inputs in enhanced physiological tremor. Involuntary movements in patients and
      controls attempting to hold the outstretched arm immobile were recorded during
      prolonged arm extension. Fatigue led to increased movements in both controls and
      patients but only the controls developed a rhythmic tremor. These data indicate
      that enhanced physiological tremor is dependent on somaesthetic afferent input.

PMID- 4031909
TI  - Hemidystonia: a report of 22 patients and a review of the literature.
AB  - Hemidystonia defined as involuntary, sustained posturing of the unilateral arm,
      leg, and face was studied in 12 male and 10 female patients. Hemidystonia was
      caused by cerebrovascular disease in eight patients, perinatal trauma or
      childhood injury in four, head trauma and its sequelae in three, neuronal storage
      disorders in two, neurodegenerative disease in two, lesions after thalamotomy in
      two, and presumed encephalitis in one. Sixteen patients (73%) had CT evidence of
      contralateral basal ganglia damage, history of hemiparesis, or both. Brain damage
      before 7 years of age produced contralateral hemidystonia with a mean delay of 9
      7 years. In older patients hemidystonia appeared within 6 months after injury.
      Hemidystonia may result from a disconnection between the striatum and the
      thalamus with relative preservation of the corticospinal pathways.

PMID- 4031910
TI  - Pontine haemorrhage: a clinical analysis of 26 cases.
AB  - Correlation with the size of the haematoma, neurological findings and prognosis
      was studied in 26 cases of hypertensive pontine haemorrhage, using CT. A good
      prognosis was found with no or mild disturbance of consciousness, normal pupils,
      and transverse diameter of the haematoma 20 mm or less. Most of the patients with
      poor prognosis became comatose within two hours of onset. Their pupils were
      dilated bilaterally, pin-point or anisocoric and the transverse diameter of the
      haematoma was over 20 mm.

PMID- 4031911
TI  - The effects of hyperglycaemia on changes during reperfusion following focal
      cerebral ischaemia in the cat.
AB  - The effects of isosmolar loads of glucose and saline after onset of focal
      cerebral ischaemia (middle cerebral artery occlusion) were compared in cats. In
      cats given saline cerebral blood flow (CBF) fell and then rose slightly on the
      marginal gyrus (infarct penumbra). There was a sustained fall in CBF on the
      suprasylvian and ectosylvian gyri (infarct core). Reperfusion restored blood flow
      to preocclusion levels with no overall postischaemic hypoperfusion. Below
      ischaemic flows of 14 ml/100 g/min brain specific gravity was reduced in a
      smaller proportion of gyri by contrast with non reperfused cortex, suggesting
      that in some gyri resolution of cerebral oedema had taken place. GABA uptake was
      normal in the infarct core, but was reduced within the ischaemic penumbra. In
      animals given glucose after occlusion, CBF fell on the marginal gyrus during
      reperfusion. The degree of resolution of cerebral oedema was less than in saline
      infused cats. GABA uptake showed a pattern of abnormality similar to that seen in
      saline infused cats, except that uptake values were lower in the infarct core.
      Pial surface potassium activity remained elevated in the penumbra following
      reperfusion in glucose infused cats, but returned to normal in saline infused
      cats. Implications for the management of cerebral ischaemia in man are discussed.

PMID- 4031912
TI  - Chronic transformation of muscle in spasticity: a peripheral contribution to
      increased tone.
AB  - Mechanical properties of relaxed lower leg muscles were assessed by torque
      measurements during imposed constant velocity dorsiflexion-plantarflexion cycles.
      At low angular velocities, they exhibited an elastic and an energy-consuming,
      velocity-independent (plastic) resistance. In most patients with long-standing
      spasticity, both of these were enhanced. The results support the hypothesis of
      secondary structural changes of muscles in spasticity.

PMID- 4031913
TI  - Thermal discrimination thresholds in normal subjects and in patients with
      diabetic neuropathy.
AB  - Using two identical thermostimulators which operated on the Peltier principle,
      thermal cutaneous sensation of the hand and the foot was investigated in 36
      normal subjects and in 20 patients with diabetic neuropathy. Using a two
      alternative forced-choice testing procedure, thermal discrimination thresholds
      were determined twice. The values found in normal subjects are comparable with
      data from the literature. It was confirmed that thermal discrimination of the
      foot decreased with increasing age. In patients with diabetic neuropathy the
      increased thresholds for the foot could be correlated with length-dependent
      degeneration of small nerve fibres.

PMID- 4031914
TI  - Cerebellar ataxia in enteric fever.
AB  - In a study of enteric fever, cerebellar ataxia was found to be the commonest
      neurological manifestation, second only to toxic delirium. Excluding toxic
      delirium (found in 25-30% of cases) neurologic deficit was noted in 5.0% of a
      series of 718 consecutive cases; 2.3% showed cerebellar ataxia, either as an
      isolated feature or in association with other lesions. The ataxia usually
      appeared in the second week, and lasted a mean of 9.4 days. In 90% of cases it
      had cleared completely within a month.

PMID- 4031915
TI  - The relationship of peripheral trauma and pain to dystonia.
AB  - Four patients are described who sustained comparatively minor peripheral injury,
      the affected area soon becoming the site of segmental dystonia. The movement
      disorder developed as the symptoms from the injury subsided, and except for the
      recent trauma, no cause for the dystonia was apparent; litigation was not an
      issue for any patient. It is suggested that on rare occasions peripheral trauma
      results in the development of dystonia. Since injury never involved the head, the
      role of the spinal dopaminergic system and the relevance of pain from the injury
      are discussed in considering possible underlying mechanisms.

PMID- 4031916
TI  - Reaction time of patients with Parkinson's disease, with reference to asymmetry
      of neurological signs.
AB  - Electromyographic reaction times of the left and the right finger extensor
      muscles in extension movement of the wrist were examined in 42 patients with
      Parkinson's disease, and 20 normal subjects. Compared to the normal subjects and
      the patients with neurological signs confined to the right side, the patients
      with neurological signs on the left side or on both sides showed slowing of
      reaction times regardless of the side of responding hand. The patients with
      asymmetry of bilateral neurological signs showed slower RTs on the more affected
      side.

PMID- 4031917
TI  - The value of the measurement of cerebrospinal fluid levels of lysozyme in the
      diagnosis of neurological disease.
AB  - A turbidimetric technique has been adapted to yield maximum sensitivity for the
      measurement of lysozyme in cerebrospinal fluid. One hundred and ninety-eight
      patients were studied over a total period of 9 months using this technique. In
      addition to the considerably elevated levels known to occur in cases of bacterial
      and fungal meningitis, increased activity was also demonstrated in cases of
      subarachnoid haemorrhage and in certain inflammatory conditions. Normal or
      marginally increased levels were seen in cases of viral meningitis and
      encephalitis.

PMID- 4031918
TI  - Neuropsychological functions in the follow-up of transient global amnesia.

PMID- 4031919
TI  - Acute acquired toxoplasmosis causing neuroptico-meningoencephalitis in an
      immunocompetent boy.

PMID- 4031920
TI  - "True" cystic meningioma.

PMID- 4031921
TI  - Stroke due to atrial myxoma in a young woman with co-existing acoustic neuroma
      and pituitary adenoma.

PMID- 4031922
TI  - Multiple adverse reactions following metrizamide myelography.

PMID- 4031923
TI  - Paraspinal myoclonus due to spinal root lesion.

PMID- 4031924
TI  - Failure to promote spinal cord regeneration in rats with immunosuppressive
      treatment.

PMID- 4031925
TI  - Reflex path length and clonus frequency.

PMID- 4031927
TI  - Myasthenia gravis: long-term prognostic value of thymus lactate dehydrogenase
      isoenzyme pattern of hyperplastic thymus and thymoma.
AB  - Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern and the percent of H-subunit
      content were determined in the thymus of 62 patients (55 with hyperplasia, 7 with
      tumours) after thymectomy. An increase in LDH1 relative activity indicates that
      in the thymus of patients with myasthenia gravis the ratio of mature
      differentiated thymocytes was higher than in the thymus of control subjects. LDH
      isoenzyme profiles of thymus tumours were similar to those described in other
      neoplasms, except that thymomas with apparent predominance of epithelial cells
      and with minimal lymphocytic reaction exhibited a marked elevation only in LDH2
      relative activity, presumably associated with the specific (secretory) function
      of epithelial cells. The elevation of H-subunit content, a parameter
      characteristic of both thymic components (lymphoid and epithelial), correlated
      closely with a poor clinical condition in patients several years after surgery.

PMID- 4031926
TI  - Combined scatter diagrams of sheath thickness and fibre calibre in human sural
      nerves: changes with age and neuropathy.
AB  - A computer-assisted method permits collection of large numbers of measurements of
      fibre profiles in electron micrographs of human sural nerve biopsies. The method
      is based on simultaneous demonstration of fibre calibre and of sheath thickness
      in terms of the g-ratio (quotient axon diameter/fibre diameter), and on the
      recalculation of all parameters for circular fibre profiles. The fibres of small
      and large diameters of human sural nerves were found to form separate populations
      with distinctly different trends for sheath thickness and also different patterns
      of maturation. Preliminary data in neuropathy show that this method gives a
      better distinction of the extent of damage to either of the two populations; it
      also permits assessment of the number of regenerating or remyelinating fibres.

PMID- 4031928
TI  - Bladder dysfunction in distal autonomic neuropathy of acute onset.
AB  - A patient with cholinergic dysautonomia and a patient with pandysautonomia have
      each been investigated for disturbances of bladder and urethral function. Both
      patients suffered from an inability to develop or sustain a detrusor contraction,
      while retaining normal bladder sensation. Biopsy specimens of bladder muscle
      stained for acetylcholinesterase revealed a significant reduction in cholinergic
      nerves compared with controls; however, the prominent cholinergic subepithelial
      plexus was strikingly preserved. These findings lend support to the view that
      acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves in the bladder muscle are motor fibres
      responsible for detrusor contraction, while those located in the subepithelium
      are sensory in function. Urethral sphincter electromyography revealed no
      abnormality of individual motor units, confirming that motor unit integrity in
      this muscle is dependent upon somatic rather than autonomic innervation. In the
      patient with pandysautonomia the proximal urethra was incompetent, while in the
      patient with cholinergic dysautonomia the bladder neck remained closed, as in
      controls. This suggests that sympathetic rather than parasympathetic efferent
      activity is necessary for the maintenance of proximal urethral competence.

PMID- 4031929
TI  - Effects of chronic low frequency electrical stimulation on normal human tibialis
      anterior muscle.
AB  - The loss of force that occurred during intermittent electrically evoked tetanic
      contractions was determined for the tibialis anterior muscle of normal subjects.
      Adult muscles showed a characteristic reduction of tension over the first two to
      three minutes until a steady plateau was reached. Muscles of young children
      showed no comparable decrease of the initial tension in response to this method
      of fatigue testing. After fatigue the muscles of both groups of subjects produced
      a higher proportion of tension at lower rates of stimulation. Following prolonged
      chronic low frequency stimulation at 8-10 Hz, adult muscles showed a significant
      increase (p less than 0.01) in fatigue resistance compared to unstimulated
      control: the muscles of the normal child showed no measured change. It is
      concluded that it is possible to alter the properties of adult human muscle by
      superimposed low frequency electrical stimulation.

PMID- 4031930
TI  - Increased co-activation of the upper limb muscles in writer's cramp.
AB  - Eleven patients with writer's cramp were studied during the performance of a
      series of writing and non-writing tasks. Their performance in the tasks and the
      intensity of contraction in the flexor and extensor muscles of the fingers and
      elbow (recorded electromyographically) were compared with the results from a
      group of matched normal controls. The patients showed highly significant
      increases in muscle activation especially in the triceps muscle which was
      overactive in all but one of the tasks undertaken. Psychometric testing showed no
      difference between patients and controls. The results support the view that
      writer's cramp is a form of focal dystonia in which the disorder of motor control
      is not confined to writing activities.

PMID- 4031931
TI  - The variation of finger tremor with age in man.
AB  - The variation of the amplitude and frequency of finger tremor was studied in 190
      subjects ranging in age from 7 to 77 years. Tremor was measured in various
      postures with an accelerometer and a transduced signal was analysed by Fourier
      analysis. The variation of tremor frequency and amplitude with age depended upon
      the posture adopted for measurement and in certain postures some of the variation
      was related to changes in stature with age.

PMID- 4031933
TI  - Cerebellar calcification and lead.
AB  - In elderly subjects who were brought up in a known high lead environment in
      Queensland, Australia, childhood residence and occupational status provide
      circumstantial evidence of a relationship between excessive lead intake and
      cerebellar calcification as seen on computed tomography. This supports
      experimental and neuropathological studies demonstrating an association between
      exposure to lead and perivascular cerebellar calcification.

PMID- 4031932
TI  - Neurological and neuropsychological effects of cerebral spinal fluid shunting in
      children with assumed arrested ("normal pressure") hydrocephalus.
AB  - Normocephalic children found to have ventriculomegaly during evaluation of long
      standing (4.5-8.5 years) neurological disorder were tested for academic
      achievement, intellectual quotient and neuropsychological functioning.
      Radioactive iodinated serum cisternography, pre and post-shunt
      electrophysiological studies (visual evoked responses, brainstem auditory evoked
      potentials, sleep electroencephalograms) and radiological studies (skull
      radiographs computed tomography) were recorded. Four children who have been
      followed more than one year after insertion of ventricular-peritoneal shunts are
      presented. All demonstrated improvement in psychometric findings along with some
      improvement in CT scan and EEG studies. The most marked initial changes were
      noted on measures of neuropsychological performance, accompanied later by
      improvement in measures of intelligence. Achievement test scores showed no
      consistent pattern of change. This sample suggests that there is a group of
      asymptomatic children with apparent clinically stable (arrested) hydrocephalus in
      whom abnormal neuropsychological testing indicates the need for cerebrospinal
      fluid shunting, with subsequent improvement.

PMID- 4031934
TI  - Usefulness of intraoperative cortical blood flow measurement by heat clearance
      method for monitoring cerebral ischaemia during therapeutic carotid ligation.
AB  - Changes of regional cortical blood flow (rCBF) was monitored by the heat
      clearance method during the operation of cervical carotid ligation combined with
      superficial temporal artery and middle cerebral artery anastomosis for the
      treatment of inaccessible aneurysms of the internal carotid artery in eight
      patients. There were three types of rCBF responses upon closure of the internal
      carotid artery, with or without bypass blood flow. Based on the responses, the
      internal carotid artery was ligated abruptly or occluded gradually. The
      usefulness of the method for monitoring cerebral ischaemia for therapeutic
      carotid ligation is discussed.

PMID- 4031935
TI  - Simulated paraplegia: an occasional problem for the neurosurgeon.
AB  - Fourteen cases of simulated paraplegia and tetraplegia encountered amongst 4,800
      neurosurgical admissions are described. The classification of such cases is
      difficult. Use of the term "hysteria" depends on whether the behaviour is judged
      to be conscious or not, but this can rarely be decided. In most of the patients
      the paralysis was of relatively short duration and recovered rapidly with simple
      methods of treatment which permitted this to occur without loss of face, but such
      cases presenting as acute neurological emergencies represent only one relatively
      simple form of pretended or "hysterical" illness. Many of these patients are
      probably never seen by psychiatrists.

PMID- 4031936
TI  - Pain in motor neuron disease.
AB  - Twenty-seven of 42 patients with motor neuron disease had significant pain. The
      nature and duration of the pain are described along with an illustrative case
      report. The aetiology and most effective treatment of this common complication of
      motor neuron disease remain unclear.

PMID- 4031937
TI  - CT brain scan in acute water intoxication.

PMID- 4031938
TI  - Cortical vasoactive intestinal peptide in relation to dementia in Parkinson's
      disease.

PMID- 4031939
TI  - Acute myelopathy in a drug abuser following an attempted neck vein injection.

PMID- 4031940
TI  - Solitary neurofibroma of the lumbosacral plexus.

PMID- 4031941
TI  - Behavioral manifestations of third ventricular colloid cysts.

PMID- 4031942
TI  - Neuropsychological evaluation of mild head injury.

PMID- 4031943
TI  - Ambulatory EEG monitoring.

PMID- 4031944
TI  - Olfaction in dementia.

PMID- 4031945
TI  - Millipore diffusion chambers allow dissociation of myelin phagocytosis by non
      resident cells and of allogenic nerve graft rejection.
AB  - Allogenic graft rejection leads to rapid tissue destruction of nerves
      transplanted directly into a muscle lodge. If the nerves are enclosed in 5.0
      micron pore chambers and transplanted into the peritoneal cavity, there is no
      allogenic graft rejection. The phagocytosis of myelin by invading cells is,
      however, not disturbed, showing that these cells can distinguish the degenerating
      myelin from the Schwann cell without being responsive to the Schwann cell's
      allotype. If the allografts are allowed to predegenerate for 4 wk in 0.22 micron
      pore chambers which do not admit any cells, there is a striking mitigation of the
      allogenic graft rejection if the nerves are subsequently released from the
      chamber. Myelin phagocytosis in such nerves is also reduced. These observations
      indicate the existence of a hierarchy of cellular recognition mechanisms involved
      in nerve tissue degradation. Phagocytosis of the myelin sheath by macrophages
      involves recognition mechanisms which differ from those of the allogenic
      rejection of the Schwann cell, presumably mediated by T lymphocytes.

PMID- 4031946
TI  - Fine structure of astrocytic processes during serum-induced demyelination in
      vitro.
AB  - Astrocytic changes were examined ultrastructurally during serum-induced
      demyelination in organotypic cultures of mouse spinal cord tissue. The myelin
      sheaths of most myelinated fibers showed myelin breakdown. Sheet-like astrocytic
      processes completely and closely surrounded the demyelinating fibers and
      frequently engulfed myelin fragments. These processes were virtually devoid of
      glial filaments or microtubules and contained flocculogranular material, round
      and elongated cisterns and glycogen granules. Penetration of the myelin sheath by
      astrocytic processes was only rarely found. The cell body of the astrocyte was
      never insinuated between the myelin sheath and the axon. No endocytosis of myelin
      droplets via coated pits on the surface of astrocytes was observed. In comparison
      with phagocytic mononuclear cells in vivo, astrocytes in vitro dispose of myelin
      debris less actively. Astrocytes in serum-induced demyelination probably play a
      nonspecific but fundamental role during degeneration in segregating damaged nerve
      fibers from surrounding neuronal elements.

PMID- 4031947
TI  - Inflammatory vasculitis in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Fifty-two plaque or lesion areas were examined from 25 cases of multiple
      sclerosis. Twenty-four of these showed acute features, whereas the rest were more
      chronic in nature. The acute lesions showed lymphocytic infiltration (79%),
      fibrinous exudation (63%), lymphocytic meningitis (50%) and venulitis (58%). Of
      the chronic lesions, there were only 21% with lymphocytic infiltration, 11% with
      fibrinous exudates, none with meningitis, 29% with organising endovenulitis, 36%
      with fibrosed vein walls. The finding of a fibrinous inflammatory exudate in the
      acute lesion is a new observation in multiple sclerosis. Likewise, the
      observation of an inflammatory infiltrate confined to the vein wall (and often
      present at a distance from the plaque) has not been previously recorded in the
      disease. The chronic lesion, by contrast, showed relatively little fibrin, but
      there was considerable reparative thickening of the walls of the involved veins.
      The evidence provides new humoral and cellular evidence of an inflammatory
      process in multiple sclerosis which precedes or is not directly associated with
      the demyelinating process.

PMID- 4031948
TI  - Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis. Part 3. The effect
      of thymectomy.
AB  - The clinical condition and the serum levels of antibodies to acetylcholine
      receptor protein were followed in 30 patients with myasthenia gravis before and
      in a period varying from 2 to 4 (mean 3) yr after thymectomy. Twenty-five
      patients improved in the 2 yr following thymectomy. A highly significant
      correlation was found between the change in clinical condition and the change in
      antibody levels. Only 3 patients improved without a fall of antibody level.
      Prethymectomy antibody levels were positively correlated with the severity of the
      clinical condition and with the degree of thymus hypertrophy.

PMID- 4031949
TI  - Agyria (lissencephaly) with anomalous pyramidal crossing. Case report and review
      of literature.
AB  - A case of agyria (lissencephaly) with a highly unusual course of the
      corticospinal tract at the crossing and in the spinal cord is described.
      Published cases of agyria (lissencephaly) are reviewed with special attention to
      the cortical fiber system and organization of the necortex, and their
      implications for possible pathogenetic mechanisms. The problem of nomenclature is
      discussed.

PMID- 4031950
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies and the biological approach to cancer.

PMID- 4031951
TI  - Activation of tumoricidal properties in macrophages and inhibition of
      experimentally-induced murine metastases by a new synthetic acyltripeptide, FK
      565.
AB  - The effect of FK-565, a novel low molecular weight (MW) acyltripeptide, on
      tumoricidal properties of murine macrophages is reported here. Peritoneal
      macrophages (PMs) harvested from C57BL/6 mice and beige mice were rendered
      cytotoxic to syngeneic B16 melanoma cells following their interaction in vitro
      with FK-565. Maximal and reproducible activation of tumoricidal properties in PM
      were obtained by interaction in vitro with 25 micrograms/ml of FK-565 for a 24 h
      period, and as little as 0.5 microgram/ml of FK-565 was sufficient to induce
      significant cytotoxicity. Murine PMs activated by FK-565 in vitro were cytotoxic
      to syngeneic and xenogeneic tumor cells, but did not affect allogeneic nontumor
      cells. The PMs were also activated to kill B16 melanoma cells by intraperitoneal
      injections of FK-565 (10 mg/kg). Multiple injections of FK-565 into mice also
      slightly but significantly inhibited lung metastases. These results suggest that
      FK-565 has potential as an effective immunopotentiator in immunotherapy.

PMID- 4031952
TI  - Evaluation of effects of levamisole and surgery on canine mammary cancer.
AB  - Three hundred and forty-five dogs with mammary tumors were initially evaluated
      for study. One hundred and forty-four dogs with untreated malignant mammary
      tumors (136 adenocarcinomas, 5 malignant mixed, 3 sarcomas) were selected for
      study. All dogs were clinically staged and stratified on the basis of tumor
      volume and body weight. Dogs were randomized to either a radical mastectomy or
      simple mastectomy group, and then further randomized to a levamisole or placebo
      group. There was no significant difference in either survival time or cancer-free
      survival time between the surgery groups or between the levamisole and placebo
      groups. The most significant prognostic factor was tumor volume; dogs with tumors
      less than 41 cc had significantly enhanced survival time (p = 0.0007) and cancer
      free survival time (p = 0.0005).

PMID- 4031953
TI  - Cockayne syndrome: clinicopathologic and tissue culture studies of affected
      siblings.
AB  - Two siblings with Cockayne syndrome (CS) had extremely severe and early onset
      cachectic dwarfism, developmental delay, cataracts, microcephaly, peripheral
      neuropathy, and spastic quadriplegia. In order to study the inherited DNA-repair
      defect known to be present in cultured CS cells, a lymphoblastoid line was
      established from the younger sibling. Tissue culture studies revealed the line to
      have a hypersensitivity to the lethal effects of 254-nm ultraviolet radiation
      (UV) equivalent to that of lymphoblastoid lines from CS patients who had either
      the usual severity or a very mild form of CS. Autopsy of the older sibling at six
      years of age showed the brain to be severely atrophic, with particularly severe
      cerebellar atrophy. There was a marked reduction in the number of granule cells
      in the cerebellum and irregular patchy myelination throughout the brain. Many
      astrocytes contained either a large, bizarre-shaped nucleus or multiple nuclei.
      Some Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus
      were binucleated. It is suggested that the DNA-repair defect of CS causes
      abnormalities in nuclear DNA replication and cell division which result in cell
      death and in the observed nuclear abnormalities.

PMID- 4031954
TI  - Remarks on the follow-up of cerebellar astrocytomas.
AB  - A retrograde study was performed in 105 patients operated upon between 1950 and
      1972 for a cerebellar astrocytoma. Complete histories were available for 89
      patients. Forty-five patients died within the first 3 months after operation. Of
      the 32 patients who were still alive, 14 patients had been operated upon 20-30
      years previously and 18 patients 10-19 years previously. Twelve patients died
      over 3 months after the operation; in 6 cases, recurrence of tumour was the cause
      of death. Of the 7 patients who were irradiated post-operatively, 5 died. In 26
      patients the tumor had infiltrated the brain-stem and only 7 patients survived
      the operation. However, 2 patients are still alive after 25 and 10 years,
      respectively. The findings indicate that patients operated upon for a localized
      cerebellar astrocytoms can be considered cured and irradiation and chemotherapy
      are not warranted. When the tumour has infiltrated the brain-stem, a survival
      period of more than 20 years is possible after partial resection.

PMID- 4031955
TI  - The causes of stroke in the young.
AB  - In a group of 75 patients under the age of 45 years with stroke, ischaemic
      cerebral infarction was diagnosed in 60 patients and primary intracerebral
      haemorrhage in 15. Trauma was found to be the commonest identifiable predisposing
      factor to cerebral infarction, being present in 13 cases (22%). Migraine was the
      second most commonly identified predisposing factor while atheroma and
      hypertension were infrequent. Such a high frequency of preceding trauma has not
      previously been described, perhaps because it is not generally appreciated that
      the delay between the traumatic event and subsequent stroke may be considerable.
      The diagnostic management of young stroke patients is considered with particular
      reference to the indications for specialized cardiac and neuroradiological
      investigations.

PMID- 4031957
TI  - Chronic neurogenic quadriceps amyotrophies.
AB  - Two cases of quadriceps amyotrophy, probably of chronic neurogenic origin are
      reported. Only the knee jerks were diminished, the calves hypertrophic, and the
      serum creatine kinase level very high in one case, and there were neurogenic
      electromyographic abnormalities in the quadriceps. In the first case, biopsy of
      the quadriceps muscle revealed a neurogenic origin with hyalinized hypertrophic
      fibres. CT scan showed abnormalities not only in the quadriceps but also in the
      sartorius, gracilis and gastrocnemius muscles. A second biopsy specimen from the
      gastrocnemius muscle showed histological findings similar to those of the
      quadriceps. In the second case, the EMG and biopsy findings suggested a myogenic
      origin, but 6 years later they were compatible with neurogenic atrophy.
      Differentiation from Becker dystrophy is very difficult in the first case and the
      second case is more a focal spinal amyotrophy. Further, in spite of their
      localization, the extension of the affected muscles changes the diagnosis. The
      same applies to chronic quadriceps amyotrophy in general, which cannot be
      regarded as an entity, but which suggests muscular dystrophy, spinal atrophy,
      polymyositis or a metabolic disorder. These cases can be compared with the four
      cases reported in the literature, which were regarded as a "forme fruste" of
      chronic spinal amyotrophy.

PMID- 4031956
TI  - Ischaemic oculomotor nerve palsy. Clinical features and vascular risk factors in
      23 patients.
AB  - Of 61 patients with isolated third nerve palsy, 23 (38%) had the characteristic
      clinical features of an ischaemic oculomotor nerve palsy. The essential sign of
      this usually painful disorder of acute onset was a marked discrepancy between
      complete or severe paresis of the extraocular muscles innervated by the third
      nerve, and sparing of the pupillary sphincter. All patients had completely
      recovered within 3 months. Fourteen had a history or on follow-up had other
      cranial mononeuropathies. Except for two patients, all were above the age of 60
      years. Of the 23 cases, 11 had diabetes mellitus and 8 an abnormal glucose
      tolerance test, while in 4 the latter was normal. Almost all had hypertension and
      were overweight, and half were smokers. In 18 patients, four or five vascular
      risk factors were present.

PMID- 4031958
TI  - Acid phosphatase activity of cerebrospinal fluid cells in leptomeningeal
      haemorrhage.
AB  - One hundred and twenty samples of haemorrhagic spinal fluid were examined by acid
      phosphatase staining. This enzyme activity starts to appear in mono-histiocytic
      cells 2 days after bleeding and increases up to the 5th day. After 1 week the
      activity decreases rapidly. Similar results are found in mixtures of incubated
      clear spinal fluid, to which blood is added. Acid phosphatase staining is a
      useful additional method for determination of the age of a leptomeningeal bleed.

PMID- 4031959
TI  - Apurulent bacterial meningitis (compartmental leucopenia in purulent meningitis).
AB  - Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae may invade the subarachnoid space during
      the bacteriaemic phase without impairment of the blood-CSF barrier and in the
      absence of any leucocyte reaction. In pneumococcal meningitis the CSF may also
      contain less than 100 cells/microliter despite the presence of "pure bacterial
      cultures", but the barrier is completely broken when the serum/CSF concentration
      ratio is below 10. A clinical analysis of eight patients with fewer than 100
      cells/microliter revealed that the first symptoms of meningitis appeared at least
      3 days prior to the diagnostic lumbar puncture. There was a strong neutrophilic
      reaction in the blood with a prevalence of juvenile forms in most cases,
      indicating intact antibacterial defence mechanisms. Within 24 h after the start
      of antibiotic therapy the cell number rose above 2000/microliter accompanied by
      disappearance of pneumococci. Six of the eight patients died. In three cases
      autopsy revealed thick layers of pus over the convexities, indicating a
      compartmental separation of the ventricles and the spinal subarachnoid space. In
      one case of late diagnosed bacterial meningitis with a pleocytosis of
      430/microliter the CSF lysozyme level was seven times higher than compatible with
      this cell number. Hyperphagocytosis and cellular disintegration is thought to
      cause the leucopenia within the spinal CSF compartment. "Apurulent bacterial
      meningitis" can be seen as a disease entity that is a diagnostic pitfall and also
      a prognostic sign.

PMID- 4031960
TI  - Chorea and polycythaemia.
AB  - Two patients with chorea and polycythaemia vera are described. The literature on
      this rare association is reviewed and its pathophysiology discussed.

PMID- 4031961
TI  - Visual evoked potentials in ataxia telangiectasia.
AB  - Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) elicited in four patients with
      ataxia telangiectasia revealed normal results in two and absent responses in two.
      The pathogenesis of the VEP abnormalities is discussed. It is surmised that the
      VEP changes reflect progressive degeneration of the nerve fibres in the anterior
      visual pathway, as in Friedreich's ataxia.

PMID- 4031962
TI  - High single-dose alternate-day corticosteroid regimens in treatment of
      polymyositis.
AB  - High single-dose alternate-day prednisolone therapy (ADT) was compared with daily
      dose prednisolone therapy (DDT) for treatment of polymyositis. Thirty patients
      with polymyositis were treated with ADT for an average of 33.9 months. The
      combined number of improvements was 21 out of 30, a response rate of 70%. Side
      effects were very rare and mild. On the other hand, 9 of 17 patients treated with
      DDT for an average 18.5 months improved, a response rate of 53%. The incidence of
      side-effects was strikingly higher than with ADT. ADT is therefore strongly
      advocated for treatment of polymyositis to avoid infectious complications and
      lessen cushingoid side-effects.

PMID- 4031963
TI  - Improvement of atactic syndrome after longer periods of alcohol abstinence.

PMID- 4031964
TI  - Unilateral true hypertrophy of the calf muscle.

PMID- 4031965
TI  - Abstracts. IIIrd International Brain Heart Conference. A satellite symposium of
      the XIIIth World Congress of Neurology. Trier, Federal Republic of Germany,
      September 7-9, 1985.

PMID- 4031966
TI  - Randomized trials in rare tumors.

PMID- 4031967
TI  - A systemic lymphoproliferative disorder with morphologic features of Castleman's
      disease: clinical findings and clinicopathologic correlations in 15 patients.
AB  - Fifteen patients (11 males, four females; median age 57) manifested a disease
      characterized by (1) the histopathologic features of Castleman's disease, plasma
      cell type, in lymph node biopsies; (2) predominantly lymphadenopathic disease,
      involving multiple, preferentially peripheral nodal groups; (3) varied
      manifestations of multisystemic involvement (such as constitutional symptoms;
      splenomegaly and hypergammaglobulinemia; elevated ESR, anemia, and
      thrombocytopenia; hepatomegaly and altered liver function tests (LFTs); signs of
      renal disease); and (4) idiopathic nature. Two main patterns of evolution were
      recognized: persistent, with sustained clinical manifestations, and episodic,
      with recurrent exacerbations and remissions. Seventy-three percent of patients
      had infectious complications, and 27% developed malignancies. Complete remissions
      were obtained occasionally with antineoplastic agents and with splenectomy but
      not with glucocorticosteroids alone. The median survival time is 30 months; 60%
      of patients have died. Median follow-up in the six surviving patients is 97+
      months. A review of 50 cases in the literature revealed similar clinical and
      laboratory features. Despite some similarities with autoimmune diseases, the main
      features of this process seem to best fit a hyperplastic-dysplastic lymphoid
      disorder in a setting of immunoregulatory deficit.

PMID- 4031968
TI  - Blood glucose levels in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4031969
TI  - Histologic and non-histologic factors correlated with survival time in
      supratentorial astrocytic tumors.
AB  - One hundred and ninety-two cases of supratentorial astrocytic tumors are
      classified in 4 groups according to the presence or absence in the pathological
      material of simple morphological criteria: abnormal cellular density, nuclear
      pleomorphism, neovascularization, necrosis. Each one of these criteria is
      strongly correlated with prognosis. Nevertheless only a simple classification in
      low and high grade lesions has a definite predictive value. A multivariate
      analysis utilizing Cox's hazard function confronts these histological findings
      with a number of clinical and etiological possible factors of prognosis. Age and
      performance status at the time of diagnosis are the best predictors of survival
      time. The clinical use of a predictive model derived from Cox's function analysis
      is discussed.

PMID- 4031970
TI  - Central nervous system pharmacokinetics of high-dose cytosine arabinoside.
AB  - The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)
      was determined in 8 patients with metastatic cancer in the central nervous
      system. High dose (3 gm/M2) one-hour intravenous infusions of Ara-C were given
      with serial CSF sampling obtained from indwelling Ommaya reservoirs. CSF was
      analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. Mean Ara-C elimination half life
      of 140 minutes in CSF was eight times longer than that in plasma. The peak mean
      CSF concentration of Ara-C (2.1 micrograms /ml) was about 7% of the plasma
      concentration (30 micrograms/ml). A total of 28 treatment courses were
      administered with minimal hematopoietic, gastrointestinal and neurological
      toxicities. A schedule of administration of 2 high-dose treatments 12 hours apart
      repeated every two weeks should maintain cytotoxic CSF concentrations which could
      prove useful in the management of CNS leukemia and lymphoma.

PMID- 4031971
TI  - Interferon-beta in patients with low-grade astrocytomas--a phase I study.
AB  - In 3 patients with low-grade astrocytomas clinical pharmacology of interferon
      beta (10(7) U/mg protein) was investigated. Interferon-beta with escalating
      dosage (2.3, 6.9, 23, 69 X 10(6) U/patient) was given to each patient in 4
      infusions at weekly time intervals. In these patients dose-dependent plasma
      levels of interferon-beta of up to 5800 IU/ml were achieved. Plasma
      concentrations showed a biphasic decline (T1 1/2:0.095-0.49 hrs and T2 1/2: 5
      14.5 hrs). Side effects were: mild fatigue, myalgia, tachycardia, hypertension,
      and fever; the latter was well controlled by pretreatment application of
      paracetamol. Hematological changes included lymphopenia (2-6 hrs after infusion)
      and granulocytosis (3-6 hrs after infusion). Natural Killer cell activity was
      also monitored: 6 hours after infusion a drop of activity - not clearly dose
      dependent - was observed to a minimum of 1% pretreatment activity; 24 hrs after
      infusion activity increased up to a maximum of 400%. In this phase I study high
      biological activity of interferon-beta could be detected in plasma of astrocytoma
      patients - clinical tolerance was good and only mild toxicity was observed.

PMID- 4031973
TI  - Apparent glucose utilization in Walker 256 metastatic brain tumors.
AB  - Regional rates of apparent glucose utilization (GU) in metastatic Walker 256 (WL
      256) brain tumors produced by the intracarotid injection of WL-256 tumor cells in
      rats were measured using 14C-deoxyglucose and quantitative autoradiography.
      Apparent glucose utilization was uniform within individual small and medium size
      tumors without necrosis, varied considerably among different tumors within this
      group, and did not correlate with tumor size or location. High values of GU in
      medium and large-size tumors correlated with viable-appearing tissue in contrast
      to necrotic tissue and were always 1.3 to 3 times higher than that of adjacent
      and contralateral nontumorous brain. The apparent net extraction of glucose (En*)
      in viable tumor regions was estimated to be several fold higher than that in
      remote brain tissue; analysis of this data for medium and large tumors indicates
      that the calculated values of GU and En* overestimate the actual rates of
      utilization and net extraction of glucose. Local cerebral glucose utilization
      (LCGU) was higher than normal adjacent to small tumors and lower than normal
      adjacent to larger tumors. The LCGU in many gray-matter structures remote from
      the intracerebral tumors was reduced and roughly proportional to the metastatic
      tumor burden. The comparatively high uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by viable tumor
      cells has diagnostic value and suggests that appropriate glucose analogues could
      be developed to produce a tumor-selective inhibition of glycolysis and
      tumoricidal effect.

PMID- 4031974
TI  - The role of monoclonal antibodies in brain tumour diagnosis and cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) cytology.
AB  - This paper reviews the diagnostic role of monoclonal antibody
      immunohistochemistry in a series of 189 brain tumour biopsies and 22 cases of
      neoplastic meningitis. The diagnostic monoclonal antibody panel, which includes
      markers for glial, neural, epithelial and lymphoid differentiation antigens, was
      used to test a wide variety of cerebral and spinal tumours by indirect
      immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques on unfixed frozen sections.
      Gliomas, meningiomas, schwannomas, medulloblastomas, choroid plexus tumours,
      cerebral lymphomas and metastatic carcinomas could all be reliably differentiated
      by means of their characteristic antigenics profiles, as defined by their
      patterns of reactivity with the antibody panel. Confident diagnosis was possible
      even in very poorly differentiated tumours and in biopsies distorted by surgical
      squeeze artefact, where paucity of morphological clues made diagnosis by
      conventional histological methods difficult or impossible. It was estimated that
      use of the antibody panel was responsible for, or made a significant contribution
      towards the final diagnosis in approximately 20% of cases. The monoclonal
      reagents were also found to be of great value in the detection and
      characterisation of neoplastic cells in CSF specimens from patients with
      malignant meningitis. Malignant cells were detected in 73% of cases and
      characterised in 16% of cases by routine cytological techniques. Employing
      monoclonal immunocytology however, these figures were improved to 95% and 95%
      respectively. Our findings suggest that patients with neoplastic meningitis can
      be spared prolonged investigation and inappropriate management by the early
      detection and characterisation of malignant cells in CSF using panels of
      monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 4031972
TI  - Differentiation markers (S-100, GFAP, NSE and D2) in fetal rat brain cells during
      malignant transformation in cell culture.
AB  - Malignant cell lines obtained by ethylnitrosourea (EtNU)-induced transformation
      of fetal rat brain cells in culture express protein markers of different types of
      neural cells. These are the nervous system-characteristic S-100 protein; glial
      fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); neuron-specific-enolase (NSE), and the D2-cell
      adhesion molecule. S-100 protein was absent in fetal brain cells in culture, but
      gradually appeared in the later stages of malignant transformation and further
      increased at onset of rapid growth of atypical cells (stage IV). GFAP and D2 were
      weakly expressed in primary fetal brain cells and did not change throughout
      malignant transformation. NSE was present in both normal and carcinogen-treated
      fetal brain cells, and increased at later stages of malignant transformation.
      From stage III (40-100 days) some cultures were strongly positive and some
      negative, and the same was seen in the resulting tumorigenic cells about 100 days
      later. In conclusion the stepwise process of malignant transformation of brain
      cells in culture ended with a stable phenotype of cells capable of expressing
      varying types of differentiation markers. The presence of these markers in rat
      brain cells undergoing malignant transformation may indicate that EtNU given at
      18th days of gestation is acting on multipotent neuroectodermal cells.

PMID- 4031975
TI  - Immunolocalization of monoclonal antibody-defined extracellular matrix antigens
      in human brain tumors.
AB  - The extracellular matrix is involved in many aspects of tumor cell biology,
      including tumor invasion and metastasis. 2A6 and 81C6 are murine monoclonal
      antibodies that identify glioma-mesenchymal extracellular matrix antigens. The
      81C6 antigen is a high molecular weight glycoprotein composed of Mr 230,000
      subunits. The expression of 2A6 antigen, 81C6 glycoprotein, fibronectin (FN), and
      laminin (LN) was examined immunohistochemically in ten malignant gliomas (MG) and
      four medulloblastomas (MBT). 2A6 and 81C6 were expressed in similar patterns by
      the neoplastic neuroepithelial cells in 9/10 MG and 1/4 MBT. The staining was
      typically diffuse and amorphous, without visualization of distinct cell bodies or
      processes. Less frequently, antigen was detected within tumor cell cytoplasm. In
      most tumors the staining was greatest in the perivascular regions. In two MG, 2A6
      and 81C6 were expressed only by a subpopulation of neoplastic cells. Although
      intense staining was also associated with hyperplastic vascular and mesenchymal
      cells, many small and medium size blood vessels stained weakly or not at all. In
      contrast, FN and LN were expressed uniformly and intensely in the tumor
      vasculature, but were not expressed by neoplastic neuroepithelial cells. The 2A6
      antigen and 81C6 glycoprotein are immunohistochemically distinct from FN and LN.
      These monoclonal antibody-defined antigens are heterogeneously expressed by
      neoplastic neuroepithelial cells and hyperplastic vascular-mesenchymal elements
      in MG and MBT. The 2A6 and 81C6 monoclonal antibodies will be useful reagents in
      the investigation of the extracellular matrix of malignant neuroepithelial
      neoplasms.

PMID- 4031976
TI  - Delayed adverse effects after irradiation of gliomas: clinicopathological
      analysis.
AB  - Out of 107 pts. treated with radio- and chemotherapy for low and high grade
      gliomas (TD: 45-65Gy), 3 cases developed pathologically documented radionecrosis
      (coagulative necrosis with minimal or no persistent tumor). Clinico-therapeutic
      modalities were analyzed for all cases and biologically equivalent doses were
      calculated according to NSD, ED and btu formulas. All cases of radionecrosis fell
      into the group of doses close to 60Gy/30fx./42d. and NSD = 1758, ED = 1340 and
      btu = 1161. Isodose curve reconstruction on planes corresponding to histological
      sections of brains with radionecrosis demonstrated that doses received by areas
      of necrosis were higher than the calculated mid-plane doses in two cases.
      Clinical and autoptic incidence of radionecrosis were 2.8% and 10% respectively.
      High doses of steroids during RT seemed to offer some protection against
      radionecrosis, while number of chemotherapy cycles did not influence the risk of
      radionecrosis. A higher autoptic rate of irradiated gliomas is needed in order to
      obtain a better understanding of a number of unresolved problems.

PMID- 4031977
TI  - Survival and prognosis of patients with astrocytoma with atypical or anaplastic
      features.
AB  - This study confirms the importance of histologic tumor necrosis as a major
      prognostic variable in malignant glioma. Necrosis is present in glioblastoma
      multiforme (GBM), and absent in astrocytoma with atypical or anaplastic features
      (AAF). This paper evaluates 94 patients with AAF and 462 patients with GBM
      treated with radiation therapy with or without BCNU on 3 consecutive randomized
      protocols of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) between 1974 and 1983.
      Multivariate analyses of the 556 patients confirmed histology as a significant
      independent variable that is prognostically relatively more important than
      Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and extent of surgery, and somewhat less
      important than age. The median survival for AAF was 36.2 months and for GBM was
      8.6 months. In addition, separate multivariate analyses of AAf cases determined
      that the extent of surgery is a significant independent variable that is
      relatively more important than KPS, but less important than age. The median
      survival of AAF patients who underwent surgical excision was 46.8 months compared
      with 15.2 months for those biopsied (p less than .001).

PMID- 4031978
TI  - Human eye movements associated with blinks and prolonged eyelid closure.
AB  - Eye movements associated with eyelid closure were recorded in human subjects with
      search coils, embedded in self-adhering scleral annuli, in a magnetic field. In
      contrast to classical notions, voluntary as well as reflex blinks were
      consistently accompanied by transient downward and nasalward movements of both
      eyes with amplitudes 1-5 degrees. These eye movements had a shorter duration than
      the upper lid movements, and the shapes of the spatial trajectories of eye and
      lid movements were not similar. The trajectory of the eye movements was only
      modestly affected by gaze eccentricities up to 15 degrees; there was a tendency
      for the downward component to be enhanced by looking upward, and vice versa.
      Restraining of the lids of one eye in the open or closed position did not
      significantly alter the eye movements during (attempted) blinks. Velocity
      amplitude-duration relations of the down- and upward components were similar for
      the same eye before and after closure and for the closed eye and the
      contralateral unrestrained eye. The velocity-amplitude-duration characteristics
      of saccades were also unaffected by prolonged closure of the lids of one eye.
      Prolonged, voluntary closure of the lids was followed by a slow, tonic ocular
      deviation, which was consistently upward in half of the subjects and consistently
      downward in the other half. Additional horizontal components were highly variable
      even within subjects. In one subject the downward deviation was converted into
      upward deviation when lid closure was mechanically impeded. We conclude that
      elevation of the eye ball (Bell's phenomenon) does not occur during short blinks
      and only in about half of the subjects during voluntary unrestrained prolonged
      lid closure. Our evidence does not support the possibility that the transient eye
      movements during blinks are caused primarily by a mechanical interaction between
      the lids and the eye (or the scleral annulus). More likely, they are a secondary
      effect of an active cocontraction of extraocular muscles that primarily results
      in retraction of the eye.

PMID- 4031979
TI  - Adaptive response to ocular muscle weakness in human pursuit and saccadic eye
      movements.
AB  - Eye movement deficits caused by ocular muscle weakness vary according to the
      position of the eye in the orbit and the direction of eye movement. We studied
      the ability of both the saccadic and pursuit eye-movement systems to compensate
      for these anisotropic deficits in four patients with ocular muscle weakness. The
      eye-position dependence of each patient's motor deficit was characterized by
      plotting the position of the weak eye against that of the normal eye (in various
      orbital positions) when fusion was prevented, thus giving a static eye-position
      curve from which relative muscle strength could be inferred. Movements of the
      weak eye were smaller and slower than those made by the normal eye, so that the
      weak eye required more time to acquire a visual target. When patients were forced
      to view monocularly with their weak eye for several days, both the saccadic and
      pursuit systems showed changes in the movements of the normal eye consistent with
      an increased central innervation designed to decrease the time it takes to bring
      the target's image onto the fovea of the weak eye and to keep it there. These
      adaptive changes varied with eye position and movement direction and compensated
      for the weak muscle in both its agonistic and antagonistic actions. Saccadic
      adaptation consisted of a change in the relationship between saccadic amplitude
      and retinal error (distance between the target's image and the fovea) to
      compensate for hypometria (undershoot) and a readjustment of the ratio of the
      phasic (pulse) and tonic (step) components of the saccadic innervation to
      suppress postsaccadic ocular drift. Pursuit adaptation consisted of an increase
      in the relationship between eye acceleration and the rate of motion of the image
      of the target on the retina during the initial phase of tracking as well as an
      increase in the velocity during tracking of a target moving at a constant
      velocity. These changes reflect an increase in pursuit innervation that would
      cause the weak eye's velocity to approach target velocity sooner. The average
      acceleration of the normal eye during the initial period of tracking (130 ms)
      increased by as much as threefold. The corresponding maximum smooth eye velocity
      increased so that, for example, the pursuit response to a 15 degree/s target
      movement could be over 50 degree/s in the normal eye.

PMID- 4031980
TI  - Development of somatosensory responsiveness in the basal ganglia in awake cats.
AB  - Single-unit activity was recorded from the caudate nucleus (CD), globus pallidus,
      and entopeduncular nucleus (GP-ENTO) in awake, partially restrained kittens. The
      purpose of this experiment was to assess the ability of developing basal ganglia
      structures to process natural facial somatosensory information and compare this
      function to that observed in the adult. Somatosensory responsiveness in the CD
      and GP-ENTO developed slowly during the first three postnatal months.
      Somatosensory responsiveness had three major developmental trends in these
      nuclei: 1) The proportion of neurons responding to facial sensory stimulation
      increased with age; 2) proportionally, the area of face encompassing a receptive
      field of a neuron was smaller in adults than in young kittens; 3) qualitatively,
      adultlike responses to sensory stimulation did not appear until approximately
      three months of age. Units responsive to facial somatosensory stimulation in
      kittens under three months of age were very limited in the types of information
      they received. No specific stimuli parameters were encoded by these neurons. At
      approximately three months of age, units began to respond to varied stimuli
      (i.e., indentation of the skin as well as to brushing stimuli) and began to
      encode specific stimulus parameters such as direction of movement and relative
      location on the face. Kitten units responsive to skin indentation showed no
      evidence of encoding stimulus magnitude information. This was also true for the
      majority of adult basal ganglia neurons tested. The present findings suggest that
      the functions of the basal ganglia may be altered significantly during
      development. With increasing age, the basal ganglia may change from primarily a
      relay area for relatively nonspecific sensory information to an active processor
      of complex afferent information.

PMID- 4031981
TI  - Inferior olivary neurons in the awake cat: detection of contact and passive body
      displacement.
AB  - We have recorded from 306 neurons in the inferior olive of six alert cats. Most
      of the cats were trained to perform a simple task with the forelimb. We observed
      the neural responses to a wide variety of cutaneous and proprioceptive stimuli,
      as well as responses during spontaneous and learned active movements. Neurons
      responsive to somatosensory stimulation were found in all parts of the inferior
      olive, and they were roughly evenly divided between those responsive to cutaneous
      stimulation and those responsive to proprioceptive stimulation. In the dorsal
      accessory olive all neurons were responsive to somatosensory stimulation. In the
      medial accessory nucleus 88% and in the principal olive 74% of cells were
      responsive to somatosensory stimulation. Cells responsive to cutaneous
      stimulation usually had small receptive fields, commonly on the paw. These cells
      had low-threshold responses to one or more forms of cutaneous stimulation and
      typically fired one spike at the onset of the stimulus on 80% or more of stimulus
      applications. Cells responsive to proprioceptive stimulation most commonly
      responded to passive displacements of a limb. These cells were often very
      sensitive, responding to linear displacements of less than 1 cm in one specific
      direction. No cells in our sample responded reliably during active movement by
      the animal. Only 21% of cells responding to passive proprioceptive stimulation
      showed any modulation during active movement, and the modulation was weak.
      Likewise, cells responsive to cutaneous stimulation generally failed to respond
      when a similar stimulus was produced by an active movement by the animal.
      Exceptions to this were stimuli produced during exploratory movements or when the
      receptive field unexpectedly made contact with an object during active movement.
      Electrical stimulation applied in the inferior olive failed to evoke movements or
      to modify ongoing movement. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that
      inferior olivary neurons function as somatic event detectors responding
      particularly reliably to unexpected stimuli.

PMID- 4031982
TI  - Comparison of response properties of cells in the cat's visual cortex at high and
      low luminance levels.
AB  - Receptive-field organization of cells in the cat's striate cortex and lateral
      geniculate nucleus (LGN) was investigated by using bars of light as stimuli. The
      aim was to determine if differences occur between conditions of high and low
      luminance levels. Of 72 cortical cells studied, the receptive fields of 63 were
      clearly different at high compared with low luminances. Units that gave on-off
      responses to flashed bars, for example, typically displayed on-only responses at
      low luminance. By far the most frequent change was that off responses were
      reduced or absent at low luminance levels. Of 63 cells that showed clear changes,
      54 were of this type. This altered receptive-field organization appears to remain
      for extended periods (we have monitored the steady-state case for up to 2 h).
      Additional tests allow us to rule out the possible influence of overall changes
      in response strength and scattered light. To see if similar changes in receptive
      field organization are present at the level of the LGN, we recorded from a small
      number of cells in the LGN (n = 10) and from an additional five afferent fibers
      in the cortex. In each case, there was a change in center-surround organization
      between high and low luminance levels similar to that previously reported for
      retinal ganglion cells. The excitatory responses from the surround for both on
      center and off-center cells were absent at low luminance. Taken together, the
      results suggest that surround responses that can be elicited from ganglion cells
      and LGN cells make an important contribution to the receptive-field organization
      of cortical neurons. Changes in receptive-field organization of cortical cells
      are apparently not accompanied by alterations of other basic response properties.
      Orientation (7 cells) and spatial frequency (53 cells) selectivity remain
      relatively unchanged when measured at different luminances. Although optimal
      spatial frequency is slightly lower at low luminance levels, the low spatial
      frequency attenuation remains unaltered. Since receptive-field changes between
      high and low luminance levels suggest that a unit's classification may also vary,
      we examined simple and complex cell characteristics using sinusoidal gratings (65
      cells). Contrary to what we had anticipated, the degree of modulation of
      responses was relatively independent of luminance, indicating that cell
      classification does not vary with stimulus luminance.

PMID- 4031983
TI  - T2-T5 spinothalamic neurons projecting to medial thalamus with viscerosomatic
      input.
AB  - Spinothalamic tract neurons projecting to medial thalamus (M-STT cells), ventral
      posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus (L-STT cells), or both thalamic
      regions (LM-STT cells) were studied in 19 monkeys anesthetized with alpha
      chloralose. Twenty-seven M-STT cells were antidromically activated from nucleus
      centralis lateralis, nucleus centrum medianum, or the medial dorsal nucleus.
      Stimulation of VPL elicited antidromic responses from 22 cells and 13 cells were
      activated from both VPL and medial thalamus. Antidromic conduction velocities of
      M-STT cells were significantly slower than those of L-STT or LM-STT cells. M-STT
      cells were located in laminae I, IV, V, and VII with greater numbers found in the
      deepest laminae. L-STT cells were located mostly in lamina IV, whereas most LM
      STT cells were found in lamina V. Twenty-four of 27 M-STT cells, all L-STT cells,
      and all LM-STT cells received input from both cardiopulmonary sympathetic and
      somatic afferent fibers. WDR cells were most common among the L-STT and LM-STT
      groups, whereas HT cells were the most common class in the M-STT cell group.
      Excitatory receptive fields of M-STT cells were large, and often bilateral.
      Receptive fields of L-STT cells were simple and never bilateral. Receptive fields
      of LM-STT cells could be similar to M-STT or L-STT cells. Thirty-three percent of
      the M-STT cells, 37% of the L-STT cells, and 62% of the LM-STT cells had
      inhibitory receptive fields. Inhibition was elicited most often by a noxious
      pinch of the hindlimbs. Sixteen of 23 (70%) M-STT cells received C-fiber
      cardiopulmonary sympathetic input in addition to A-delta-fiber input. The other 7
      cells received only A-delta-fiber input. Only 45% of the L-STT cells and 38% of
      the LM-STT cells received both A-delta- and C-fiber inputs. The maximum number of
      spikes elicited by A-delta-input was related to segmental locations for L-STT
      cells with greatest responses in T2 and lesser responses in more caudal segments;
      however, no such trend was apparent for M-STT cells or for responses to C-fiber
      input for either group. Electrical stimulation of the left thoracic vagus nerve
      inhibited 7 of 18 M-STT cells, 10 of 16 L-STT cells, and 6 of 12 LM-STT cells.
      These results are the first description of visceral input to cells projecting to
      medial thalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4031984
TI  - Topographic organization of interaural intensity difference sensitivity in deep
      layers of cat superior colliculus: implications for auditory spatial
      representation.
AB  - Sensitivity to interaural intensity difference (IID) was examined for 103 neurons
      in the deep layers of superior colliculus (SC) in ketamine barbiturate
      anesthetized cats. Noise stimuli were presented dichotically, and IID sensitivity
      functions were generated while keeping the average binaural intensity (ABI) of
      stimulation constant. Neurons of three binaural classes were found to be IID
      sensitive. Neurons receiving excitatory contralateral input and inhibitory
      ipsilateral input (EO/I cells, 55% of sample) had steplike IID functions, with
      maximum response at IIDs corresponding to contralateral azimuths (positive IIDs),
      total suppression at IIDs corresponding to ipsilateral azimuths (negative IIDs),
      and cutoffs at different positions along the IID axis for different neurons.
      Neurons responsive only to binaural stimulation (OO/F cells, 15% of sample) had
      IID functions with a sharp peak in the range of 0 to 10 dB IID. Cells receiving
      excitatory input contralaterally and a facilitatory ipsilateral input (EO/F
      cells, 7% of sample) had IID functions of intermediate shape, with a peak in the
      range of 10 to 20 dB IID and a sharper cutoff near zero IID than at larger
      positive IIDs. The sharpness of IID cutoff for EO/I cells was quantified by
      measuring an 80% IID dynamic range. Neurons with 80% IID dynamic ranges of less
      than 26 dB were judged to have sharp cutoffs. The position along the IID axis of
      the IID cutoff for these cells was quantified by recording the IID at which the
      response was at 50% of maximum (half-maximal IID). A topographic organization of
      EO/I cells with sharp IID cutoffs was found along the rostrocaudal axis of SC,
      such that rostral EO/I cells had IID functions with half-maximal IIDs near zero,
      while increasingly caudal EO/I cells had progressively larger (positive) half
      maximal IIDs. Although detailed maps could not be obtained in individual animals,
      the topography was observed in each of nine experiments in which EO/I cells were
      located in two or more rostrocaudal locations (P = 0.00002). The effect of
      stimulus level on the stability of IID cutoff was examined for 13 EO/I cells. The
      majority (85%) showed less than 10 dB variation in half-maximal IID across a
      range of suprathreshold ABIs, indicating that EO/I cells in SC generally exhibit
      stability in cutoff with changes in intensity of broadband stimuli.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4031985
TI  - Convergence of hepatic osmoreceptive inputs on sodium-responsive units within the
      nucleus of the solitary tract of the rat.
AB  - Single-shock electrical stimulation of the hepatic branch of the vagus induced
      both facilitation and suppression in units within the nucleus of the solitary
      tract (NTS). Some units that were facilitated by electrical stimulation also
      increased their discharge rates during topical iontophoretic application of Na+,
      as well as portal infusion of hypertonic saline. Other facilitatory units
      produced opposite responses; their discharge rates decreased during topical
      iontophoretic application of Na+ and portal infusion of hypertonic saline. Some
      units that were suppressed by electrical stimulation also responded to the
      topical application of Na+ and portal infusion of hypertonic saline. The
      responses to these two different stimuli were positively correlated in some units
      but not in others. The evidence suggests that the units within the NTS that are
      responsive to hepatic osmosensitive primary afferents may serve a Na+-responsive
      function and may be important in integration within the NTS for isosmotic or
      isovolemic homeostasis.

PMID- 4031986
TI  - Properties of visceral primary afferent neurons in the nodose ganglion of the
      rabbit.
AB  - The active and passive membrane properties of rabbit nodose ganglion cells and
      their responsiveness to depolarizing agents have been examined in vitro. Neurons
      with an axonal conduction velocity of less than 3 m/s were classified as C-cells
      and the remainder as A-cells. Mean axonal conduction velocities of A- and C-cells
      were 16.4 m/s and 0.99 m/s, respectively. A-cells had action potentials of brief
      duration (1.16 ms), high rate of rise (385 V/s), an overshoot of 23 mV, and
      relatively high spike following frequency (SFF). C-cells typically had action
      potentials with a "humped" configuration (duration 2.51 ms), lower rate of rise
      (255 V/s), an overshoot of 28.6 mV, an after potential of longer duration than A
      cells, and relatively low SFF. Eight of 15 A-cells whose axons conducted at less
      than 10 m/s had action potentials of longer duration with a humped configuration;
      these were termed Ah-cells. They formed about 10% of cells whose axons conducted
      above 2.5 m/s. The soma action potential of A-cells was blocked by tetrodotoxin
      (TTX), but that of 6/11 C-cells was unaffected by TTX. Typically, A-cells showed
      strong delayed (outward) rectification on passage of depolarizing current through
      the soma membrane and time-dependent (inward) rectification on inward current
      passage. Input resistance was thus highly sensitive to membrane potential close
      to rest. In C-cells, delayed rectification was not marked, and slight time
      dependent rectification occurred in only 3 of 25 cells; I/V curves were normally
      linear over the range: resting potential to 40 mV more negative. Data on Ah-cells
      were incomplete, but in our sample of eight cells time-dependent rectification
      was absent or mild. C-cells had a higher input resistance and a higher neuronal
      capacitance than A-cells. In a proportion of A-cells, RN was low at resting
      potential (5 M omega) but increased as the membrane was hyperpolarized by a few
      millivolts. A-cells were depolarized by GABA but were normally unaffected by 5-HT
      or DMPP. C-cells were depolarized by GABA in a similar manner to A-cells but also
      responded strongly to 5-HT; 53/66 gave a depolarizing response, and 3/66, a
      hyperpolarizing response. Of C-cells, 75% gave a depolarizing response to
      DMPP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4031987
TI  - Activation of dorsal horn cells by ventral root stimulation in the cat.
AB  - Responses of dorsal horn cells to ventral root stimulation were determined for
      the L7 and S1 levels of the spinal cord of 14 anesthetized cats. Forty-six dorsal
      horn cells were found that were excited by stimulation of the distal stump of the
      cut ventral root. For maximum excitation it was necessary to use a train of
      stimuli. For the 34 dorsal horn cells whose peripheral receptive-field properties
      could be characterized, 14 were wide dynamic range cells and 19 were high
      threshold cells. The other cell responded exclusively to stimulation of deep
      tissue. None of the cells responded exclusively to innocuous stimuli, and all
      responded more vigorously to noxious than to innocuous stimuli. Some cells also
      responded to noxious heat applied to the skin of the receptive field. Locations
      of 10 of the activated dorsal horn cells were identified. They were distributed
      throughout the dorsal horn, but most were found in laminae V and VI. In four
      animals, both the proximal and distal stumps of the cut S1 ventral root were
      stimulated while searching for dorsal horn cells. Ten dorsal horn cells were
      found that were excited by stimulation of the distal stump of the ventral root.
      No cells were found that responded to proximal stump stimulation. To prevent
      current spread by stimulation of the ventral root, an extra ground electrode was
      placed distal to the stimulating electrodes. When the ground electrode was
      removed, distinctive signs of current spread appeared in that a cord dorsum
      potential could be recorded and the dorsal horn neuronal responses changed.
      Dorsal horn neurons could also be excited by nonelectrical stimuli such as
      crushing the ventral root. If the ventral root was crushed distal to the
      stimulating electrodes, however, the initially excited cell could no longer be
      activated by ventral root stimulation. Activation of dorsal horn cells by
      stimulation of the distal stump of a cut ventral root was abolished when the
      dorsal root of the same segment was sectioned. Conduction velocities of the
      fibers in the ventral root that excited dorsal horn cells ranged between 0.25 and
      1.78 m/s with a mean of 0.91 +/- 0.47 (SD) m/s. These results show that there are
      unmyelinated afferent fibers in the ventral root that enter the spinal cord
      through the dorsal root and excite dorsal horn cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4031988
TI  - Color cell groups in foveal striate cortex of the behaving macaque.
AB  - Color-tuning curves were obtained for 218 cells in the foveal striate cortex of
      behaving macaques. Each cell was tested with its optimal spatial stimulus. Test
      colors (14 interference filters, 4 Wratten filters, and white) were matched for
      human photopic luminosity and presented at luminance levels sufficient to induce
      vigorous responding from most cells. One hundred eighty-four cells were selected
      for further analysis on the basis of a color-tuning index. Of these, 130 with
      tuning curves that correlated well (0.9 or better) with other tuning curves were
      studied in detail. Individual cells were found with peak responses to every color
      tested. Sixty-three tuning curves fell into the six largest cross-correlation
      groups, containing 15, 14, 12, 9, 7, and 6 cells, with mean tuning-curve peaks at
      450, 656, 656, 506, 577, and 506 nm, respectively. Cross-correlation groups
      having the same peak location (656 nm, 506 nm) were distinguishable on the basis
      of tuning-curve width. Response patterns, cone input estimates, and comparison
      with human psychophysics suggest that two of these cell groups function as an
      opponent pair processing the colors red and green. Two other cell groups process
      the colors blue and yellow but show less well-developed opponency. Microdrive
      depth readings, correlated with histological lesion sites, show these "red,"
      "green," "blue," and "yellow" cells to be most common in layer 4 of the striate
      cortex.

PMID- 4031989
TI  - Mixing of color signals by turtle cone photoreceptors.
AB  - The direct mixing of red and green cone signals in the outer plexiform layer of
      the turtle retina was studied by using intracellular recordings from red cone
      photoreceptors. Cone photoresponses were a function of the wavelength of the
      photons that stimulated them, even when small-diameter stimuli were used. The
      intensity response curves measured with red and green test flashes had different
      shapes. The kinetics of approximately equal amplitude red and green responses
      also differed. To quantify the short wavelength input onto red cones,
      differential chromatic adaptation was used. The relative sensitivity of the red
      cone to red and green test flashes was a function of the color and intensity of
      the background illumination; red backgrounds decreased relative red sensitivity,
      and green backgrounds increased relative red sensitivity. The spectral
      sensitivity of the additional short wavelength input onto red cones was
      determined by using differential chromatic adaptation, and was found to peak
      approximately 550 nm. We conclude that red cones receive an additional excitatory
      input from green cones (and possibly blue cones). A model of the cone mosaic
      suggests that approximately 50% of the red cone response (linear range) to a dim
      green test flash arises from neighboring green cones.

PMID- 4031990
TI  - Electron microscopy of Golgi-impregnated photoreceptors reveals connections
      between red and green cones in the turtle retina.
AB  - Red and green cones of two turtle species (Pseudemys scripta elegans and Chelydra
      serpentina) retina have been stained with Golgi procedures and examined by light
      microscopy of whole-mount tissue and by electron microscopy of serial thin
      sections. By light microscopy, red and green single cones appear
      indistinguishable, but double cones can be readily identified. All Golgi-stained
      photoreceptors in turtle retina have a spray of telodendria radiating from their
      synaptic pedicles. The telodendria of single cones are 10-20 micron long and end
      in clusters of terminals, whereas double cones have 30- to 50-micron long
      telodendria in addition to a very short bush of telodendria arising from one side
      of the pedicle. Electron microscopy of the Golgi-stained cones allows them to be
      distinguished into red or green spectral types by the appearance of their oil
      droplets. Furthermore, the spectral identity of cones contacted by the
      telodendria of identified Golgi-stained cones can similarly be determined. Red
      single cones make telodendrial contacts with other red singles, both members of
      the double cones, and with green single cones. Green single cones likewise
      connect to many surrounding red cones, both single and double types, and a few
      other green singles. Both members of the double cone connect to neighboring red
      and green singles and occasionally to double cones. The telodendria of stained
      cones end on spectrally homologous or heterologous cone types at basal junctions,
      central elements of ribbon synapses or, sometimes, as lateral elements of ribbon
      synapses. However, all these synaptic contacts appear to be of the same type,
      i.e., narrow-cleft basal junctions. Small gap junctions occur between neighboring
      cone pedicles, regardless of spectral type, in the visual streak area of the
      retina. Large gap junctions occur between unidentified cone telodendria in the
      neuropil of the outer plexiform layer. The telodendrial connections between red
      and green cones in the turtle retina have the appearance of chemical synapses and
      suggest an anatomical pathway responsible for the mixing of red and green signals
      in red or green cones of the turtle retina as reported in the accompanying
      physiological paper by Normann, Perlman, and Daly (27).

PMID- 4031991
TI  - Interactions between rostral pontine and ventral medullary respiratory neurons.
AB  - Lesioning studies have demonstrated that the respiratory rhythm is generated
      within the brain stem and that connections between the pons and the medulla must
      be intact for the generation of eupneic breathing in the decerebrate or
      anesthetized vagotomized cat. However, the nature of proposed functional
      connections between pontine and medullary respiratory neurons is not well
      understood. The possibility of interactions between respiratory neurons of the
      rostral pons (n. parabrachialis medialis, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus) and the
      ipsilateral ventral respiratory group (VRG; n. retroambigualis, n. ambiguus,
      retrofacial nucleus) was investigated because of neuroanatomical and
      electrophysiological evidence for such connections. Phrenic nerve activity and
      pontine and medullary single-unit respiratory related activities were recorded
      extracellularly in 44 decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed, and artificially
      ventilated cats. Cross-correlation analysis was employed to detect and evaluate
      functional associations of pairs of cells. Eighteen (7%) of the 255 pairs of
      respiratory neurons analyzed showed evidence of short time scale correlations
      indicative of a functional interaction. The interpretations of the detected
      correlations suggest that some cell pairs were correlated due to mono- or
      paucisynaptic connections, while others were correlated due to the influence of
      an unobserved shared input. The interpretations for 11 of the 15 cell pairs for
      which a monosynaptic connection may be postulated involve a projection from a
      tonically active respiratory neuron. Twelve of the 18 positive correlations
      involved neurons whose maximum rates of discharge occurred during different parts
      of the respiratory cycle. The results of this study provide the first evidence of
      functional connections among pontine and medullary respiratory neurons based on
      the evaluation of simultaneously recorded spike trains and suggest that the role
      of the rostral pontine respiratory neurons in the control of the respiratory
      rhythm may be mediated by various types of interactions. When considered with the
      results of other studies, our data suggest that monosynaptic interactions between
      VRG and rostral pontine respiratory neurons play a limited role in the control of
      the respiratory cycle in the decerebrate vagotomized cat. It is likely that the
      influence of the pons on ventral medullary neurons (and vice-versa) is also
      exerted via polysynaptic pathways and/or via brain stem neurons not sampled in
      this study.

PMID- 4031992
TI  - Spontaneous and driven responses of semicircular canal primary afferents in the
      unanesthetized pigeon.
AB  - Spontaneous activity from 120 vestibular semicircular canal (SC) primary
      afferents and driven responses from 20 SC primary afferents to 2.3-decade
      bandwidth (0.029-6.152 Hz) sum of sinusoidal angular rotations were characterized
      in 10 unanesthetized pigeons. The results were compared with those previously
      gathered from barbiturate anesthetized pigeons. The average spontaneous mean
      firing rate (MFR) of SC primary afferents in unanesthetized pigeons was found to
      be 168 impulses per second (I/s), n = 120, and is approximately 80% higher than
      that for SC primary afferents in anesthetized pigeons [93 I/s, n = 149 (Ref. 9)
      and 92 I/s, n = 124 (Ref. 22)]. The spontaneous discharge of SC primary afferents
      from unanesthetized pigeons was classified according to the coefficient of
      variation (CV) of 512-1,024 interspike intervals (ISIs) into regular (CV less
      than 0.1), intermediate (0.1 less than or equal to CV less 0.4), and irregular
      (0.4 less than or equal to CV) categories. The percentages of SC primary
      afferents falling within each CV category were similar for unanesthetized and
      anesthetized pigeons (22). The relation between the spontaneous mean ISI and its
      standard deviation (SD) for SC primary afferents in the unanesthetized pigeon is
      best described by a power function model, which provides a significantly better
      fit than does a linear model. The parameters of this power function model are
      similar for SC primary afferents in unanesthetized and anesthetized pigeons (10).
      The spontaneous ISIs of individual SC primary afferents in the unanesthetized
      pigeon were found to be distributed either normally, log-normally, or according
      to the first passage time of the Wiener-Levy (WL) process. The gain of anterior
      SC primary afferents at 0.25 Hz is similar for anesthetized (2.93 I X s-1 X deg-1
      X s-1, n = 14) (11) and for unanesthetized (3.01 I X s-1 X deg-1 X s-1, n = 14)
      pigeons. Bode plots constructed from the responses to sum sinusoidal angular
      accelerations reveal that SC primary afferents in unanesthetized pigeons display
      a phase lead and gain enhancement at frequencies between 0.6 and 6 Hz.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4031993
TI  - Action of the efferent vestibular system on primary afferents in the toadfish,
      Opsanus tau.
AB  - Spinalized toadfish were held in a lucite chamber and perfused through the mouth
      with running seawater. Primary vestibular afferents and vestibular efferent axons
      and somas were studied with glass microelectrodes. Vestibular semicircular canal
      afferent and efferent axons were visually identified and penetrated with glass
      microelectrodes. Afferents responded to pulses of injected current with trains of
      action potentials, whereas efferents responded with only a single spike. This
      differential response to injected current served to further distinguish these two
      classes of nerve fibers that share the same canal nerve for part of their course.
      When current pulses were injected into efferent somadendritic recording sites,
      cells responded with trains of action potentials similar to those seen in other
      central nervous system neurons. Semicircular canal afferents were spontaneously
      active and occupied the same spectrum of regularity as vestibular afferents
      recorded in other species. Behavioral arousal evoked by lightly touching the fish
      on the snout or over the eye resembled spontaneous arousal observed in the field
      and consisted of eye withdrawal, fin erection, and attempted swimming. Efferent
      vestibular neurons were spontaneously active and increased their frequency of
      discharge when the fish was behaviorally aroused. Most efferents were briskly
      activated by behavioral arousal, but the time constant of the decay of their
      responses was variable ranging from 100 to 600 ms. Not only touch, but multimodal
      stimuli were capable of increasing the level of spontaneous activity of efferent
      vestibular neurons. The shortest latency to behavioral activation was 160 ms.
      Vestibular primary afferents also manifested increase in neuronal activity with
      behavioral activation. Irregularly discharging afferents were much more
      responsive than regularly discharging afferents. One rare case of transient
      inhibition in a regularly discharging afferent is illustrated. Severing the
      efferent vestibular nerve blocked behavioral activation in vestibular primary
      afferents. Electrical stimulation of the efferent vestibular nerve produced
      excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) at latencies within the monosynaptic
      range in vestibular primary afferents. These monosynaptic EPSPs could produce
      action potentials in primary afferents or could sum with subthreshold
      depolarizations produced by current passed through the microelectrode to initiate
      impulses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4031994
TI  - Reflex control of dynamic muscle stiffness in a slow crustacean muscle.
AB  - The properties of a stretch reflex in the ventral superficial muscle of the
      hermit crab abdomen were studied in an isolated abdominal preparation to
      determine how the reflex affects the mechanical properties of the muscle and
      whether the reflex is controlling length, force, or stiffness. The reflex was
      elicited by stretch of hypodermal mechanoreceptors in the cuticle and resulted in
      the activation of excitor motoneurons to both circular and longitudinal layers of
      the muscle, thus stiffening the abdomen. The medial motoneuron of the
      longitudinal layer of the right fourth segment was selected for detailed
      analysis. It was tonically active and responded to stretch with a phasic burst
      having a latency of 100 ms. Reflex muscle tension began to increase at 130 ms and
      reached a peak at 300 ms. Reflex-burst frequency increased slightly with stretch
      amplitude. Peak force was an approximately linear function of stretch amplitude.
      No tonic component to the reflex was found in the medial motoneuron, in the
      central motoneuron (the smallest excitor to the muscle), or in the medial
      motoneuron studied in intact animals. The reflex-burst frequency was a function
      of stretch velocity, increasing between two and one-half to four times for a 10
      fold increase in stretch velocity. Peak force was essentially independent of
      stretch velocity over this range. The reflex-burst frequency was not a function
      of the initial length of the muscle on the ascending limb of the length-tension
      relation. Active peak force (between two and three times passive peak force) was
      relatively constant over this range. The dynamic active stiffness (the resistance
      to stretch of the muscle when the nervous system was intact) was separated into
      two components. One component is that due to the tonic frequency of the
      motoneurons, the other to the reflex burst. The reflex component makes up a
      substantial part of the total active stiffness. Dynamic active stiffness is
      relatively constant under the conditions of these experiments and, when
      normalized, is similar to that observed in mammalian myotatic reflexes. This
      constancy, however, cannot be due to negative feedback control of stiffness, as
      in mammals. It is suggested that constant reflex stiffness arises from the
      combination of the low-pass filter characteristics of the muscle and the high
      pass filter characteristics of the reflex over a restricted range of
      velocities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4031995
TI  - Dynamic control of the perioral system during speech: kinematic analyses of
      autogenic and nonautogenic sensorimotor processes.
AB  - Afferent contributions to the motor control of speech were evaluated by applying
      unanticipated loads to the lower lip during the combined upper lip-lower lip
      gesture associated with the oral closing movements for a "b" sound. Loads were
      introduced randomly in approximately 15% of the trials to minimize subject
      anticipation or adaptation. A total of 490 load trials (in five naive subjects)
      were distributed within a restricted interval (100 ms) centered on the initiation
      of agonist muscle contraction associated with the lip-closing movements.
      Kinematic adjustments of the upper and lower lips to these perturbations were
      examined in detail. In all subjects, load-induced changes in upper and lower lip
      displacement, movement time, and closing velocity were statistically significant
      and observed the first time a perturbation was introduced. Load timing variations
      within the target interval resulted in systematic changes in the site of the
      compensatory adjustments (upper versus lower lip) and in the magnitude of the
      kinematic responses. These kinematic changes appeared to reflect the dynamic
      nature of underlying control processes and clearly contrasted the different
      response characteristics of autogenic (lower lip) and nonautogenic (upper lip)
      compensatory actions. Although both upper and lower lip adjustments contributed
      to perturbation compensations, autogenic responses were found to predominate when
      loads occurred 20-55 ms before muscle activation. For these early loads,
      autogenic responses provided approximately 75% of the total compensation. For
      later loads, when the evolving speech motor action was more time constrained,
      nonautogenic (open-loop) compensations predominated, providing approximately 65%
      of the total compensation. The variations in upper and lower lip compensatory
      response magnitude did not parallel the time course of facial muscle activation.
      Lower lip kinematic adjustments were reduced 10-15 ms prior to the onset of
      agonist muscle activation, whereas upper lip adjustments increased in magnitude
      10-20 ms after agonist onset. Apparently the dynamic modulation of these
      responses is controlled independently from facial motoneuron excitation, possibly
      involving sensorimotor processing via supranuclear centers. Overall the
      compensatory movement displacements were highly related to the magnitude of the
      perturbation displacement, especially for loads introduced prior to agonist
      muscle onset, reflecting a well-calibrated readjustment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 4031996
TI  - Influence of the globus pallidus on arm movements in monkeys. III. Timing of
      movement-related information.
AB  - Monkeys were trained to make a visually triggered arm-reaching movement to a
      lighted button in a simple reaction-time paradigm, during which the reaction time
      (RT) and movement time (MT) were measured. Stimulus trains of varying duration
      were applied at various times before and during the movement at locations in the
      globus pallidus where application of long stimulus trains caused increased MTs. A
      critical stimulus period was identified during which stimulus application
      effectively prolonged MTs. The activity of pallidal neurons was examined during
      performance of the same behavioral task. More than 60% of the neurons examined
      showed task-related changes in activity that began before or during the reaching
      movement. For 45% of these cells, the initial change in firing occurred during
      the critical stimulus period, 50-150 ms before mechanically detected movement.
      Comparison of the critical stimulus period, the time of task-related changes in
      the discharge of pallidal neurons, and the time of EMG activity in muscles acting
      at the back, shoulder, elbow, and wrist revealed that both the critical stimulus
      period and changes in neuronal discharge occurred at or after initial muscle
      activation and during the buildup of EMG activity. These data are consistent with
      a model in which the globus pallidus plays a role in scaling the magnitude of
      muscle activity that determines movement velocity without affecting the
      initiation or sequential organization of the programmed motor output.

PMID- 4031997
TI  - FMRF-amide-like substances in the leech. II. Bioactivity on the heartbeat system.
AB  - In the preceding paper (Kuhlman, J. R., C. Li, and R. L. Calabrese (1985) J.
      Neurosci. 5: 2301-2309) FMRF-amide-like immunoreactivity was localized to a
      specific set of neurons in the leech. Three types of these neurons are involved
      in controlling the animal's heartbeat: HE motor neurons and HA modulatory neurons
      which directly innervate the hearts, and the swim-initiating interneurons (cells
      204) which can accelerate the heartbeat central pattern generator. Application of
      synthetic FMRF-amide had effects on the hearts and the heartbeat central pattern
      generator that mimicked the actions of the HA and cell 204 neurons. Bath
      application of FMRF-amide (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) to the hearts activated their
      myogenic rhythm and increased their beat tension, thus mimicking the effects of
      activity in HA cells. Bath application of lower concentrations of FMRF-amide (10(
      9) to 10(-8) M) to the isolated central nervous system dramatically accelerated
      the central motor program for heartbeat, thus mimicking the effects of activity
      in cell 204. These observations suggest that an FMRF-amide-like substance may be
      used as a chemical signal by HA and cell 204 neurons. The role of the FMRF-amide
      like substance contained in HE motor neurons remains unclear, but it may be
      released along with the HE cell's neuromuscular transmitter, acetylcholine.

PMID- 4031998
TI  - Kinematic features of unrestrained vertical arm movements.
AB  - Unrestrained human arm trajectories between point targets have been investigated
      using a three-dimensional tracking apparatus, the Selspot system. Movements were
      executed between different points in a vertical plane under varying conditions of
      speed and hand-held load. In contrast to past results which emphasized the
      straightness of hand paths, movement regions were discovered in which the hand
      paths were curved. All movements, whether curved or straight, showed an invariant
      tangential velocity profile when normalized for speed and distance. The velocity
      profile invariance with speed and load is interpreted in terms of simplification
      of the underlying arm dynamics, extending the results of Hollerbach and Flash
      (Hollerbach, J. M., and T. Flash (1982) Biol. Cybern. 44: 67-77).

PMID- 4031999
TI  - Is a nicotinic influence involved in denervation-induced depolarization of
      muscle?
AB  - The neurotrophic role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the denervation-dependent decline
      of muscle resting membrane potential (RMP) was evaluated. Freshly dissected rat
      hemidiaphragms with short or long (2 cm) nerve stumps attached ("-N" and "+N"
      preparations, respectively) were incubated in organ culture in the presence or
      absence of the nicotinic blockers, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) or d
      tubocurarine (curare). Subsequently, RMPs and miniature endplate potentials
      (MEPPs) of the junctional region were measured. Spontaneous MEPPs disappeared
      with a half-life of 12 and 20 hr in -N and +N preparations, respectively. A 10-
      to 15-mV depolarization of RMP was observed between 15 and 20 hr in -N muscles
      and between 24 and 28 hr in +N muscles. This time course of disappearance of
      spontaneous potentials and of membrane depolarization agrees well with that
      observed in vivo. Although nicotinic transmission was blocked from the initiation
      of the incubation period in alpha-BTX- or curare-treated muscles, no acceleration
      of RMP decline in -N muscles in vitro was observed. Moreover, in +N preparations
      the effect of the nerve stump in delaying RMP depolarization persisted despite
      the continuous presence of alpha-BTX or curare. Since excess ACh triggers a
      lysosomal proteolytic response at the nerve-muscle junction and since this may
      occur early in denervation, the possible role of a nicotinic-induced proteolytic
      mechanism was tested in vitro with the potent protease inhibitor leupeptin. This
      inhibitor did not delay or prevent the denervation-dependent
      alterations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032000
TI  - Growth cone morphology and trajectory in the lumbosacral region of the chick
      embryo.
AB  - We quantitatively analyzed several features of orthogradely labeled peripheral
      growth cones in the lumbosacral region of the chick embryo. We compared
      motoneuron growth cones in regions where they appear to express specific
      directional preferences (the plexus region and regions where muscle nerves
      diverge from main nerve trunks), which we operationally defined as "decision
      regions," to motoneuron growth cones in other pathway regions (the spinal nerve,
      nerve trunk, and muscle nerve pathways) which we termed, for contrast, "non
      decision region." We found that motoneuron growth cones are larger, more
      lamellepodial, and have more complex trajectories in decision regions. Sensory
      growth cone populations, which are thought to be dependent upon motoneurons for
      outgrowth (Landmesser, L., and M. Honig (1982) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 8: 929), do
      not enlarge or become more lamellepodial in motoneuron decision regions,
      suggesting that this local environment does not affect all species of growth
      cones equally and that the alterations in motoneuron growth cones in these
      regions may be relevant to their specific guidance. In addition, the resemblance
      between the sensory population and other closely fasciculating growth cones lends
      support to the suggestion that sensory neurons utilize motoneuron neurites as a
      substratum. We suggest that the convoluted trajectories, enlarged size, and more
      lamellepodial morphology of motoneuron growth cones in decision regions is either
      related directly to the presence of specific cues that guide motoneurons or to
      some aspect of this environment that allows them to respond to specific cues.

PMID- 4032001
TI  - Estrogen and progestin receptors appear in transplanted fetal hypothalamus
      preoptic area independently of the steroid environment.
AB  - Sexual maturation and differentiation of the rat brain are believed to result
      from the interaction of gonadal steroids with specific neural receptors during
      late fetal and early postnatal life. A variety of evidence indicates that the
      first appearance of estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus-preoptic area (HPOA)
      during the perinatal period is a crucial evident underlying these processes.
      However, it is unknown to what extent the ontogeny of estrogen receptors is
      itself influenced by gonadal steroids present in the fetal environment. In order
      to address this question, estrogen receptors were assayed in HPOA 8 weeks after
      transplantation of the tissue from embryonic day 15 to 18 fetuses to either the
      choroidal pia overlying the superior colliculus or to the anterior chamber of the
      eye of adult female hosts. Host animals were either intact or ovariectomized and
      adrenalectomized, with or without estrogen replacement. The saturable binding of
      estradiol to cytosol of HPOA transplants exhibited the steroid specificity and
      high affinity characteristic of authentic estrogen receptors. No differences in
      the level of cytosol estrogen receptors in transplanted HPOA grown in the
      presence or absence of gonadal steroids were found. Receptor concentrations were
      also similar in HPOA taken from male or female fetuses. Autoradiography with
      [3H]estradiol revealed clusters of estrophilic cells in the transplants similar
      to those of the adult host hypothalamus, again regardless of whether the
      transplant developed in the presence of gonadal steroids. Estrogen receptors from
      both groups were also found to be biochemically functional as indicated by the
      ability of acute estrogen treatment to induce progestin receptors in the
      transplants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032002
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies reveal novel aspects of the biochemistry and organization
      of olfactory neurons following unilateral olfactory bulbectomy.
AB  - Following unilateral olfactory bulbectomy in rats the ipsilateral olfactory
      neuroepithelium undergoes degeneration. Subsequently, the receptor neuron
      complement of the tissue is restored by the proliferation and differentiation of
      immature neuroblasts. However, as noted by other workers, in the absence of a
      target organ the dynamics of neuron regeneration is altered such that there is an
      overall reduction in the number of cells positive for the olfactory marker
      protein when cellular equilibrium is re-established. Immunocytochemical staining
      of the olfactory epithelium of unilaterally bulbectomized rats with a series of
      anti-neuronal monoclonal antibodies reveals an attenuation of binding of some
      antibodies to the neurons of the ipsilateral epithelium. In contrast, other anti
      neuronal monoclonal antibodies show no difference in staining intensity when
      ipsilateral and control contralateral epithelia are compared. These data suggest
      that the expression of some neuronal antigens is subject to control by the target
      olfactory bulb, whereas others are independent of such putative regulation.
      Besides altering the expression of some antigenic determinants, olfactory
      bulbectomy also results in certain organizational changes in epithelium. First,
      bulbectomy produces an increase in the incidence of a cell type that appears to
      span the neuroepithelium. Although the morphology of these cells is more akin to
      a sustentacular cell than to a receptor neuron, they are not immunoreactive with
      antibodies to sustentacular cells. The cells are stained, however, by an anti
      neuronal antibody, NEU-9. The second aspect of altered organization is the
      appearance of novel olfactory marker protein-positive structures in the olfactory
      mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032003
TI  - Quantitative in vivo receptor binding. II. Autoradiographic imaging of muscarinic
      cholinergic receptors.
AB  - The in vivo distribution of [3H]scopolamine in rat brain following establishment
      of constant, saturating arterial tracer concentrations was examined with the use
      of quantitative autoradiography. The equilibrium drug distribution, studied 240
      min after initiation of tracer infusion, was highly correlated with the regional
      density of muscarinic receptor sites determined in vitro in the same animals by
      autoradiographic analysis of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding. Brain regions
      of highest receptor density were generally correlated with known terminal fields
      of cholinergic neurons, and they demonstrated a protracted time course of in vivo
      labeling. An exception was noted in the basal pons, where a receptor population
      of high density without documented cholinergic innervation was rapidly labeled.
      It is suggested that synaptic muscarinic receptors are labeled slowly, as a
      consequence of either restricted tracer accessibility or competition between
      tracer and endogenous acetylcholine for available binding sites, and that the
      pontine receptors may be functionally distinct from those in other brain regions.
      The in vivo equilibrium binding technique used in the present study results in
      regional tissue radioligand concentrations directly proportional to receptor
      density and may, thus, provide a basis for receptor imaging in the human brain by
      means of positron emission tomography.

PMID- 4032004
TI  - Dissociated neurons regenerate into sciatic but not optic nerve explants in
      culture irrespective of neurotrophic factors.
AB  - Explants of adult or 10-day-old rat sciatic and optic nerves were implanted as
      "bridges" through a silicon grease seal in a three-compartment chamber culture
      system, leading from a narrow center chamber to two adjacent side chambers.
      Dissociated newborn rat sympathetic or sensory neurons were plated into the
      center chamber and grown in the presence of optimal concentrations of nerve
      growth factor (NGF). By light microscopy, nerve fibers were seen to grow out of
      the sciatic nerve explants in the side chambers after 2 to 3 weeks. Electron
      microscopy showed large numbers of axons present inside the sciatic nerves,
      irrespective of the presence and number of living Schwann cells. Besides their
      tendency to fasciculate, axons grew with high preference on Schwann cell
      membranes and the Schwann cell side of the basal lamina, a situation identical to
      in vivo regeneration. In contrast to the sciatic nerves, no axons could be found
      under any condition in the optic nerves. This result points to the existence of
      extremely poor, non-permissive substrate conditions in the differentiated optic
      nerves which cannot be overcome by the strong fiber outgrowth-promoting effects
      of NGF.

PMID- 4032005
TI  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid- and benzodiazepine-induced modulation of [35S]-t
      butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding to cerebellar granule cells.
AB  - t-Butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) is a bicyclophosphate derivative with
      potent picrotoxin-like convulsant activity that binds with high affinity and
      specificity to a Cl- channel-modulatory site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA)/benzodiazepine receptor complex. Using intact cerebellar granule cells
      maintained in primary culture, we have studied the modifications induced by GABA
      and diazepam on the ion channel-modulatory binding site labeled by [35S]TBPS. At
      25 degrees C, and in a modified Locke solution, the [35S]TBPS specific binding,
      determined by displacing the radioligand with an excess (10(-4) M) of picrotoxin,
      was approximately 70% of the total radioactivity bound to the cells. [35S]TBPS
      specific binding was saturable with a Kd of approximately 100 nM, a Bmax of
      approximately 440 fmol/mg of protein, and a Hill coefficient of 1.18. Neither
      cerebellar astrocytes maintained in culture for 2 weeks nor a neuroblastoma cell
      line (NB-2A) exhibited any specific [35S]TBPS binding. Muscimol (0.3 to 5 microM)
      enhanced and bicuculline (0.1 to 5 microM) inhibited [35S]TBPS specific binding
      to intact cerebellar granule cells. The effect of muscimol and bicuculline on
      [35S]TBPS binding was noncompetitive. Muscimol (0.1 to 5 microM) reversed
      bicuculline inhibition in a dose-dependent fashion but failed to reverse
      picrotoxin-induced inhibition. [35S]TBPS binding was also modulated by
      benzodiazepine receptor ligands. The binding was increased by diazepam and
      decreased by 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methylester.
      Muscimol (0.05 microM) failed to reverse bicuculline inhibition in the absence of
      diazepam, but it became effective in the presence of 0.1 to 1 microM
      diazepam.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032006
TI  - Effects of body weight, adrenal status, and estrogen priming on hypothalamic
      progestin receptors in male and female rats.
AB  - Some laboratories have reported sex differences in the effect of estrogen priming
      on neural progestin receptor concentration, whereas others find no such
      differences. The present studies sought to identify experimental variables which
      might differentially influence the measurable level of hypothalamic cytosol
      progestin receptors in adult male and female rats. The influence of three
      variables, body weight, adrenal status, and estrogen priming regimen, was
      evaluated. Treatment with low doses of estrogen (2 or 8 micrograms of estradiol
      benzoate (EB) 48 hr before sacrifice) was slightly but not significantly more
      effective in elevating hypothalamic progestin receptor content in age-matched
      females than in males despite the 40% greater body weights of males. When the
      same doses of EB were administered per 200 gm of body weight to animals with and
      without adrenal glands, both basal and estrogen-induced levels of hypothalamic
      progestin receptor were significantly higher in adrenalectomized/gonadectomized
      rats than in rats which were gonadectomized only, regardless of sex. There was no
      significant effect of sex or any interaction between sex, adrenal status, or
      estrogen priming dose. The only significant sex difference in brain progestin
      receptors occurred when weight-matched males and females received multiple
      injections of higher priming doses of estrogen (three daily injections of 10
      micrograms of EB). Under these conditions, females showed up to 2-fold higher
      levels of hypothalamic progestin receptors than males, regardless of adrenal
      status. These data suggest that sex differences may exist in the neural progestin
      receptor systems of male and female rats, but the relationship of these
      differences to sex differences in neuroendocrine function or behavior is not
      clear.

PMID- 4032007
TI  - The electrical circuitry of an olfactory sensillum in Antheraea polyphemus.
AB  - The aim of this study was to obtain a better insight into the distribution of
      active and passive electrical properties of the membranes of al olfactory
      sensillum. Such a sensillum is composed of three accessory cells which envelope
      the somata of two receptor neurons which have long (300 micron) dendrites that
      are incorporated in cuticular protuberances (hairs). An electrical equivalent
      circuit of this organ is reconstructed which is based upon the response of
      sensilla to current transients, the shape of extracellularly recorded spikes, and
      the effects of lesions on these signals. A strong influence of membrane
      capacitances on the overall response and on the shape of spikes becomes apparent.
      From the combination of electrical and morphometric data it follows that the
      resistance of the apical membranes of the accessory cells in much higher than the
      resistance of their basolateral membranes. Neither in simultaneous tip and
      sidewall recordings nor in the hair (dendrite) amputation experiments could
      antidromic propagation of action potentials into the dendrite be demonstrated.
      The commonly accepted retrograde propagation explanation for the biphasic
      waveform of the spike is, therefore, rejected. Dendrite amputation experiments
      showed that the impedance of the dendrite does not limit the spike amplitude and
      that the dendrite contributes slightly to the duration of the positive phases of
      spikes. Both of these observations indicate that the dendrite is also involved in
      the generation of the leading phase of the spike. Consequently the proposition is
      made that action potentials are initiated at a dendritic location.

PMID- 4032008
TI  - Local order among the dendrites of an amacrine cell population.
AB  - The cholinergic amacrine cells of the rabbit retina branch within a narrow
      stratum of the retina's inner synaptic layer, and their dendritic fields overlap
      as much as 70-fold. Because each cell's dendrites have many branches, the overlap
      must create a dense meshwork of cholinergic dendrites. To learn how the
      overlapping dendrites are positioned with respect to each other, we filled the
      dendrites of groups of neighboring cells with Lucifer Yellow CH. The cholinergic
      amacrine cells were selectively stained by intraocular injection of the
      fluorescent molecule 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. The retinas were then fixed
      with 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.01% glutaraldehyde. The stained cells were
      penetrated under visual control by Lucifer Yellow-filled micropipettes. A
      systematic arrangement of the dendrites was observed. When a pair of cells was
      injected, their dendrites were often seen to lie alongside each other. In the
      terminal dendritic region, there are virtually no dendrites that do not end in
      apposition to a dendrite of a neighboring cholinergic amacrine cell. When small
      clusters of nearby cells were injected, an ordered microstructure appeared. The
      dendrites of the cells join together to form curving bundles, which enclose
      spaces that rarely contain any cholinergic dendrites: the appearance of the
      dendritic mosaic is that of a lattice with a repeating unit roughly 10 microns in
      diameter. The significance of this ordering is not certain, but it is possible
      that the repeating structural unit participates in a modular functional
      arrangement.

PMID- 4032009
TI  - The regional distribution and the chemical, chromatographic, and immunologic
      characterization of motilin brain peptides: the evidence for a difference between
      brain and intestinal motilin-immunoreactive peptides.
AB  - Motilin-like immunoreactive peptides (MLIPs) have been detected in the brain by
      radioimmunoassay (RIA), (Yanaihara, C., H. Sato, N. Yanaihara, S. Naruse, W. G.
      Forssman, V. Helmstaedter, T. Fujita, K. Yamaguchi, and K. Abe (1977) Adv. Exp.
      Biol. Med. 106: 269-283; Chey, W. Y., R. Escoffery, F. Roth, T. M. Chang, and H.
      Yajima (1980) Regul. Pept. Suppl. 1: 519; O'Donohue, T. L., M. C. Beinfeld, W. Y.
      Chey, T. M. Chang, G. Nilaver, E. A. Zimmerman, H. Yajima, H. Adachi, M. Roth, R.
      P. McDevitt, and D. M. Jacobowitz (1981) Peptides 2: 467-477). Previous studies
      (O'Donohue et al., 1981) demonstrated that MLIPs in rat brain probably differ
      chemically from porcine intestinal motilin (PIM), the first motilin peptide
      isolated. The possibility that this rat-pig difference represents a species
      difference was not examined in the previous study (O'Donohue et al., 1981),
      neither was the question of the cross-species distribution of MLIP. This study
      was initiated to examine brain MLIP distribution by RIA in three additional
      species: cow, pig, and guinea pig. The question of rat-pig species differences
      was addressed by characterizing MLIP in the brains of these species in comparison
      to PIM. By RIA, MLIPs were widely distributed in the brains of all species
      examined. MLIP concentration was highest in rat brain and lowest in pig brain.
      Some motilin antisera consistently detected less or no MLIPs in some brain
      regions of all species. Rat pituitary, pineal gland, and retina had substantially
      higher MLIP concentrations than did brain. MLIPs were abundant throughout the rat
      gastrointestinal tract and in some other peripheral organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032010
TI  - Two different mechanisms of calcium spike modulation by dopamine.
AB  - Dopamine (10 to 50 microM) modulates in two different ways the duration of the
      Ca2+-dependent action potential recorded in the cell body of identified neurons
      of the snail Helix aspersa. In some neurons (cells E13 and F1) dopamine increases
      the amplitude of their Ca2+-dependent spike plateau by decreasing the S-current
      (Klein, M., J.S. Camardo, and E. R. Kandel (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
      79: 5713-5717), a K+ current controlled by cyclic AMP. In another neuron (cell
      D2), dopamine decreases the Ca2+-dependent plateau of the somatic action
      potential by evoking a decrease in Ca2+-current resulting from a decrease in Ca2+
      conductance. Both modulatory effects could be observed in the same single neuron
      in which dopamine induces decreases of both the Ca2+ conductance and cyclic AMP
      dependent K+ conductance. Nevertheless, in these cells (such as cell F5) dopamine
      only evokes a decrease of the amplitude of the Ca2+ spike plateau. Since the
      modulation of the duration of the Ca2+ action potential recorded in the neuronal
      soma has been shown to constitute a good model of events taking place at synaptic
      endings, it is suggested that these modulatory mechanisms evoked by dopamine may
      be involved in processes of presynaptic facilitation and inhibition.

PMID- 4032012
TI  - Radical resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors in adults. Recent
      experience in 29 patients.
AB  - The management of patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumors is
      controversial. In the past, these tumors have often been treated with biopsy or
      subtotal removal followed by irradiation--a therapy that is usually associated
      with early tumor recurrence and progressive neurological impairment. In an
      attempt to improve on the outcome of patients with intramedullary tumors, the
      authors performed radical resection in most of the 29 adult patients who had
      surgery for these tumors within the past 30 months. The mean duration of symptoms
      was 9 1/2 years, and all patients presented because of progressive neurological
      deficit. Patients were evaluated with metrizamide myelography-computerized
      tomography scanning and intraoperative ultrasound imaging to define the site of
      the tumor and cystic components. There were 14 ependymomas, 11 astrocytomas, two
      lipomas, and one case each of intramedullary fibrosis and astrogliosis. Solid
      tumor spanned a mean of five spinal cord segments and 16 tumors were associated
      with cysts. Twenty tumors were in the cervical and/or cervicothoracic regions.
      Total removal was achieved in 14 patients and "99% removal" in seven others. In
      21 of 29 patients (72%), the neurological condition was stabilized or improved as
      a result of the operation. Postoperative deterioration occurred for the most part
      in patients who could not walk or who had minimal motor function at the time of
      operation, and these patients are no longer considered as operative candidates.
      Radical resection of intramedullary tumors can be achieved, with stabilization or
      improvement of neurological deficit in the majority of patients.

PMID- 4032011
TI  - Muscle denervation increases the levels of two mRNAs coding for the acetylcholine
      receptor alpha-subunit.
AB  - The mRNA coding for the alpha-subunit of the acetylcholine receptor was studied
      in mouse leg and rat diaphragm muscle. We find that denervation of rat diaphragm
      results in a 7-fold increase in mRNA coding for the alpha-subunit, whereas
      denervation of mouse leg muscle results in approximately a 50-fold increase in
      alpha-subunit-specific mRNA. The relationship of the mRNAs purified from
      innervated and denervated muscle was investigated by SI nuclease mapping. Two
      mRNA species were found in both innervated and denervated muscle which differ in
      their 3'-untranslated region. The levels of both these mRNA species increase upon
      denervation of mouse leg muscle.

PMID- 4032013
TI  - Odontoid upward migration in rheumatoid arthritis. An analysis of 45 patients
      with "cranial settling".
AB  - Lack of correlation between the severity of rheumatoid subluxation of the upper
      cervical vertebrae and supposed absence of neurological damage has led to the
      erroneous supposition that this finding is innocuous. Incomplete autopsy studies
      in rheumatoid arthritis have failed to recognize the cause of death, despite
      previously proven dramatic occipito-atlanto-axial dislocations. The most feared
      entity of rheumatoid basilar invagination, namely "cranial settling," is poorly
      understood. Between 1978 and 1984, the authors treated 45 rheumatoid arthritis
      patients who were symptomatic with "cranial settling." This consisted of vertical
      odontoid penetration through the foramen magnum (9 to 33 mm), occipito-atlanto
      axial dislocation, lateral atlantal mass erosion, downward telescoping of the
      anterior arch of C-1 on the axis, and rostral rotation of the posterior arch of C
      1 producing ventral and dorsal cervicomedullary junction compromise.
      Cervicomedullary junction dysfunction has mistakenly been called "entrapment
      neuropathy," "progression of disease," or "vasculitis." Occipital pain occurred
      in all 45 patients, myelopathy in 36, blackout spells in 24, brain-stem signs in
      17, and lower cranial nerve palsies in 10. Four patients had prior
      tracheostomies. Four previously asymptomatic patients with "cranial settling"
      presented acutely quadriplegic. The factors governing treatment were reducibility
      and direction of encroachment determined by skeletal traction and
      myelotomography. Transoral odontoidectomy was performed in seven patients with
      irreducible pathology. All patients underwent occipitocervical bone fusion (with
      C-1 decompression if needed) and acrylic fixation. Improvement occurred during
      traction, implying that compression might be the etiology for the neurological
      signs. There were no complications. Thus, "cranial settling" is a frequent
      complication of rheumatoid arthritis; although it is poorly recognized, it has
      serious implications and is treatable.

PMID- 4032014
TI  - Evaluation of acute nonpenetrating cervical spinal cord injuries with CT
      metrizamide myelography.
AB  - Computerized tomography metrizamide myelography was performed in 46 patients with
      acute, nonpenetrating cervical spinal cord injuries. By visualizing the spinal
      canal, spinal cord, and any compressive lesion, the study proved valuable in the
      decision as to whether surgical decompression was indicated and what approach
      should be used. Eleven patients were found to have significant spinal cord
      compression, 10 of whom were treated surgically. The technique, results, and
      complications resulting from the study are discussed.

PMID- 4032015
TI  - Results of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass for bilateral carotid
      occlusion.
AB  - The results of superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery bypass surgery for
      bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion were reviewed in 39 patients.
      Preoperative symptoms included recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIA's) in 31
      patients (80%) and mild or moderate stroke in 15 (29%). Deficits were unilateral
      in 23 cases and bilateral in 14. Dementia or personality changes were observed in
      19 patients (49%). Operative morbidity occurred in six of 39 cases and was
      neurological in one; the surgical mortality rate was 8% (three of 39 patients),
      including two cases of cerebral hemorrhage. The outcome was good or excellent
      (relief of TIA's and reduction of neurological deficit) in 82% of patients over a
      follow-up period of 3 to 139 months. Five patients had a late postoperative
      stroke, which occurred in the unoperated hemisphere in each case; one patient had
      an ipsilateral TIA 6 years after the bypass procedure. These results suggest that
      an extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass procedure to augment collateral
      cerebral blood flow can be performed safely in patients with bilateral internal
      carotid artery occlusion and may be associated with relief of ischemic symptoms.
      Future studies may document a role for this procedure in the prevention of
      stroke.

PMID- 4032016
TI  - Skull metastasis of thyroid carcinoma. Study of 12 cases.
AB  - Over the past 33 years the authors have treated 12 cases of skull metastasis from
      thyroid carcinoma, accounting for 2.5% of a total of 473 cases of thyroid cancer.
      A study of these 12 cases revealed the following characteristics. The mean age of
      the patients was 60.4 years and the predominant incidence was in the seventh
      decade of life. The incidence of skull metastasis from thyroid cancer was higher
      among women than among men. The primary sign was a soft hemispheric tumor resting
      on the skull. The tumors were rich in vascularity with osteolytic changes in the
      skull. The average period from diagnosis of the thyroid tumor until thyroidectomy
      was 14.3 years, and until discovery of the skull metastasis was 23.3 years. The
      clinical course was thus very long. The most frequent histopathological
      presentation was follicular adenocarcinoma. Such lesions were morphologically
      well differentiated, with little pleomorphism and atypism, but detailed
      examination showed infiltration into the vascular lumen or capsule. The mean
      survival time in these patients was 4.5 years from the time of diagnosis. The
      prognosis in this lesion was relatively poor, considering its long clinical
      course.

PMID- 4032017
TI  - Pneumocephalus in patients with CSF shunts.
AB  - The authors present two cases of pneumocephalus occurring in patients with
      permanent shunts and review nine previously reported cases. Mental status changes
      and headache are the most common presenting symptoms. Six of the 11 cases of
      pneumocephalus occurred in patients with shunt placement for hydrocephalus
      secondary to aqueductal stenosis. In these patients, thinned cerebrospinal fluid
      barriers secondary to long-standing increased intracranial pressure may
      predispose them to pneumocephalus. Temporary extraventricular drainage is an
      effective method of treatment in this group of patients. Two other etiologies are
      identified with significance to treatment, and the role of craniotomy is
      discussed.

PMID- 4032018
TI  - Survival times and case fatality rates of brain-injured persons.
AB  - Survival time after injury (the time from injury to death) imposes an important
      constraint on the timing of the delivery of postinjury medical care. From a
      population-based study of brain-injured people, the survival times in 542 cases
      with fatal outcomes were studied. Prehospital deaths as well as hospital deaths
      were included. Survival times were considerably shorter for 95 people with
      untreatable injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale level 6) than for the remaining
      447 whose injuries were potentially treatable. For the former group, the median
      survival time was 10 minutes; for the latter, it was 2 hours. For those with
      potentially treatable injuries, the median time from injury to receiving medical
      assistance was approximately 30 minutes and 82% received medical assistance
      within 1 hour of injury. Short survival time was associated with prehospital
      death, young age, high Injury Severity Score, and having a nonbrain injury as the
      most severe injury. For patients who arrived alive at a hospital, intracranial
      surgery was associated with increased survival time.

PMID- 4032019
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials evaluated in normal subjects and spinal cord
      injured patients.
AB  - Somatosensory evoked cortical potentials (SSEP's) were recorded in 27 healthy
      subjects using tibial and peroneal nerve stimulation with cephalic and non
      cephalic references. Four major peaks were present in all recordings. Analysis of
      these components showed that SSEP's collected after tibial nerve stimulation with
      non-cephalic reference (linked earlobes) produced the most consistent clearly
      defined component peaks. Average latency, amplitude, and interpeak latency
      differences are presented for these SSEP's. Significant correlations were
      obtained between the height of the individual and the P1, N2, P2, and N3
      latencies, and the N3-P1 interpeak latency. These results suggest that
      reproducible SSEP's can be obtained from tibial nerve stimulation in normal
      subjects using minimal numbers of stimulus presentations (28 to 64). The SSEP's
      from 34 patients with varying degrees of spinal cord trauma were compared with
      the SSEP's from normal subjects. These comparisons involved the P1, N2, P2, and
      N3 latencies and the interpeak latency values, as well as the amplitude values.
      Patients with normal sensory and motor neurological examinations could be
      distinguished from patients showing decreased sensory and motor findings or
      clinically complete lesions on the basis of peak latency and interpeak latency
      values. The latter two groups could not be distinguished from one another. In
      general, all patient groups had SSEP's of lower amplitude than did normal
      individuals, but the groups could not be distinguished from one another. These
      results indicate that SSEP's can be a useful clinical tool for differentiation of
      complete from incomplete spinal cord lesions, but do not invariably predict
      recovery of function.

PMID- 4032020
TI  - Brain blood volume and blood flow in patients with plateau waves.
AB  - Plateau waves, characterized by acute transient rises of the intracranial
      pressure (ICP), are accompanied by a marked decrease of the cerebral perfusion
      pressure. Patients with plateau waves, however, often show no clinical symptoms
      of ischemia of the brain stem, such as vasopressor response or impairment of
      consciousness during the waves. The authors studied brain blood volume and blood
      flow with dynamic computerized tomography using rapid-sequence scanning in
      patients with plateau waves identified during continuous ICP recording. Following
      an intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium, density-versus-time curves
      were obtained for the regions of interest; that is, the frontal lobe, the
      temporal lobe, the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the pons. The dynamic
      studies were undertaken when the ICP was high during a plateau-wave phase and
      when it was low during an interval phase between two plateau waves. The results
      indicate that, in the cerebral hemisphere (frontal lobe, temporal lobe, caudate
      nucleus, and putamen), plateau waves were accompanied by an increase in blood
      volume and, at the same time, a decrease in blood flow. In the pons, however,
      both the blood volume and blood flow showed little change during plateau waves as
      compared with the intervals between two plateau waves. These observations may
      explain why there is no rise in the systemic blood pressure and why patients are
      often alert during plateau waves.

PMID- 4032021
TI  - Thymidine kinase in brain-tumor cysts.
AB  - A recently developed method for deoxythymidine kinase (TK) determination was
      applied to brain-tumor cyst fluid and fluid from a non-neoplastic intracerebral
      cyst. The fluid from all tumors tested positive for TK whereas the non-neoplastic
      cyst lacked TK. Cyst fluid was also analyzed for TK before and after intracystic
      instillation of BCNU. It is suggested that TK activity in the fluid in cystic
      brain lesions could prove useful in deciding whether an intracerebral lesion is
      neoplastic. Also, TK activity can be used to evaluate the effect of topical
      therapy.

PMID- 4032022
TI  - Clinical evaluation of two methods of subdural pressure monitoring.
AB  - Recordings from two different types of subdural pressure monitor with
      simultaneous intraventricular pressure (IVP) tracings are compared in 20 head
      injured patients. In the first 10 patients a fluid-filled catheter was placed
      subdurally and connected to an external transducer, and in the second 10 the
      Gaeltec model ICT/b solid state miniature transducer was used. The latter system
      has the advantage that both zero and calibration checks can be carried out after
      insertion. Only 44% of the fluid-filled catheter readings corresponded with IVP
      in series of 10-mm Hg ranges, while 53% of readings were lower; this tendency was
      more marked at higher pressures. With the Gaeltec transducer, 72% of subdural
      pressure readings corresponded with IVP, while only 9% were lower and 19% were
      higher than IVP. The differences may have been due to technical causes or to true
      pressure differentials. The subdural catheter appears too unreliable for routine
      clinical use, but the Gaeltec transducer may be a satisfactory alternative to
      ventricular pressure monitoring.

PMID- 4032023
TI  - Nimodipine levels in gerbil brain following parenteral drug administration.
AB  - Nimodipine binding to the particulate fraction of gerbil brain homogenate was
      characterized using tritiated (3H)-nimodipine as the radioactive ligand. Binding
      was monophasic and saturable, with the apparent affinity constant (KD) = 0.4 nM
      and the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) = 12 nmol/kg wet wt. A competitive
      binding assay was validated for the measurement of nimodipine using gerbil brain
      as the source of receptors for the drug. Binding characteristics were
      sufficiently similar in specimens from different animals to allow the use of
      homogenates from individual animals as the source of both membrane-binding sites
      and competing ligand. Nimodipine could be detected in the brains of animals
      sacrificed soon after drug injection, and reached a peak level within 15 minutes.
      Brain drug level at a given time was a linear function of dose administered. One
      hour after a 1-mg/kg dose, the level of drug measured in brain was approximately
      100 nmol/kg wet wt, more that 200 times the KD. Sufficient drug to mediate a
      maximal pharmacological effect accumulated in brain even after a dose of only
      0.25 mg/kg. Thus, in this species, effective tissue nimodipine levels may be
      achieved at doses which minimize the risk of systemic hypotension.

PMID- 4032024
TI  - Choroid plexus as a barrier to immunoglobulin delivery into cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - The concentration of gamma globulins is greatly increased in the cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) during inflammatory and degenerative disorders of the central nervous
      system (CNS). The mechanism by which immunoglobulins enter the CSF under normal
      conditions is unknown. The extent of participation of the blood-brain barrier in
      protein delivery to the CSF is unclear, although the choroid plexus is known to
      have primary responsibility for the formation and movement of certain proteins
      into the CSF. To investigate the role of the choroid plexus in immunoglobulin
      delivery to the CSF, the authors evaluated rat brain tissue by light and electron
      microscopic immunohistochemical technique using the peroxidase technique of
      immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA detection. Peanut agglutinin was used to identify
      macrophages, cells known to have important immune functions and which have been
      reported as a normal component of the choroid plexus. Antisera to IgG' and IgA
      demonstrated diffuse surface staining of the choroidal epithelial cells with
      light and electron microscopy; the cytoplasm and nuclei did not contain
      immunoglobulins. Macrophages were not present in the choroid plexus, in contrast
      to previous reports. The results demonstrate that immunoglobulins do not enter
      the CSF via the choroid plexus, unlike other proteins in similar concentrations
      in the CSF. In addition, macrophages are shown to be an insignificant component
      of the plexus, thereby further diminishing the likelihood of participation-of the
      choroid plexus in the regulation of immunoglobulin entry into the CNS under
      normal conditions.

PMID- 4032025
TI  - The risk of cerebral damage during graded brain retractor pressure in the rat.
AB  - A considerable reduction in regional cerebral blood flow has been demonstrated
      with brain retraction at a pressure of 30 mm Hg. The authors undertook a
      neuropathological study to assess the effect on brain tissue of brain retractors
      applied at varying pressures for 15 minutes. The following changes were found:
      after 20 mm Hg of brain retractor pressure (BRP) only one of six brains revealed
      infarction involving all cortical layers; after 30 mm Hg of BRP cortical
      infarction, partly hemorrhagic, was found in five of six brains; after 40 mm Hg
      of BRP all six animals showed cortical damage. There were no signs of cerebral
      damage outside the retractor application area or in deeper brain structures. It
      was concluded that only if BRP did not exceed 20 mm Hg for 15 minutes could
      damage be avoided in this model.

PMID- 4032026
TI  - Regional brain metabolite levels following mild experimental head injury in the
      cat.
AB  - Glucose, adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, and lactate levels in the
      cortex, striatum, diencephalon, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brain stem were
      measured in cats 1 hour after they were subjected to low-level (2 atm) fluid
      percussion injury. Following injury, there was a mild but significant increase in
      lactate levels in the majority of regions studied. The hippocampus exhibited the
      highest percentage increase in lactate (fourfold). The cortical area directly
      under the trauma device showed a threefold lactate increase, while there was a
      twofold increase in other brain regions studied. Although there were consistent
      decreases in phosphocreatine levels, these decreases were significant only in the
      hippocampus (p less than 0.05). Glucose levels in all brain regions studied were
      no different from control levels at the time of study. The unchanged glucose
      levels, together with previous studies of identically injured cats showing that
      cerebral blood flow was unimpaired, suggest that excess lactate was not a
      consequence of cerebral ischemia. Rather, the increase in lactate levels may
      indicate that concussive injury can produce a mild derangement of brain energy
      metabolism in the absence of substrate limitations. This derangement may reflect
      altered mitochondrial function.

PMID- 4032027
TI  - Occipital artery to extradural vertebral artery bypass procedure. Case report.
AB  - A 17-year-old boy suffered blunt trauma to the posterior cervical spine and later
      developed vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks refractory to medical
      management. At angiography, a pseudoaneurysm of the distal left vertebral artery
      was found. By means of a posterior midline approach, an extradural occipital
      artery to vertebral artery anastomosis was performed and the affected vertebral
      artery was clipped distal to the pseudoaneurysm. The indications for this
      procedure, the operative approach, and the clinical outcome are described.

PMID- 4032028
TI  - Accessory nerve palsy following carotid endarterectomy. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients who had an accessory nerve palsy following carotid endarterectomy
      are presented. Both patients had high carotid bifurcations necessitating
      unusually high retraction and dissection. The ipsilateral accessory nerve was
      injured in the anterior cervical triangle in both cases. It is believed that
      vigorous lateral retraction of the superior aspect of the sternocleidomastoid
      muscle led to a stretch injury of the nerve. The symptoms completely resolved in
      both patients within 6 months.

PMID- 4032029
TI  - Symptomatic root compression by a free fat transplant after hemilaminectomy. Case
      report.
AB  - The authors report a case in which a free fat graft, placed at the operative site
      after hemilaminectomy for lumbar disc herniation, was forced into the spinal
      canal by action of the paraspinal muscles and behaved as a symptomatic space
      occupying lesion. The patient recovered satisfactorily after the graft was
      removed. The pathogenetic mechanism is discussed and guidelines to avoid this
      complication are outlined.

PMID- 4032030
TI  - Chronic spinal subdural hematomas. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients with chronic spinal subdural hematomas are described. Both had a
      fluctuating clinical course, not previously documented in the literature.
      Surgical evacuation resulted in almost complete recovery. The pathogenesis of
      spinal subdural hematoma is discussed and the pertinent literature is reviewed.

PMID- 4032031
TI  - Temporary bypass for AVM surgery.

PMID- 4032032
TI  - Cognitive impairment after early aneurysm surgery.

PMID- 4032033
TI  - Medical consequences of nuclear weapons today: "final epidemic"?

PMID- 4032034
TI  - Gold-195m: a steady-state imaging agent for venography that gives blood velocity
      measurement.
AB  - Gold-195m has found applications in first-pass studies for investigating both
      right and left ventricular activity as well as lung transit. Owing to its
      reasonably short half-life of 30 sec we have found it particularly useful for
      imaging leg veins up to and including the inferior vena cava. Its short half-life
      prevents recirculation activity from appearing, so continuous perfusion into a
      superficial foot vein and application of ankle tourniquets yield a steady-state
      image of the deep veins, with particularly good resolution. Its decay pattern
      along a vessel is very sensitive to blood velocity, so measurement of activity at
      various points on a vein in a computer static image can give velocity values that
      reveal abnormalities due to partial or complete thrombosis. The radiation
      dosimetry of 195mAu used in this way is lower than contrast and technetium-99m
      macroaggregated albumin [( 99mTc]MAA) venography, making it particularly useful
      for investigating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in pregnancy.

PMID- 4032035
TI  - Radionuclide hysterosalpingography for evaluation of fallopian tube patency.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of radionuclide
      hysterosalpingography (RNHSG) using a technique with some modifications, that was
      described by Iturralde and Ventner (1). As these investigators demonstrated,
      technetium-labeled human albumin microspheres (HAM) will normally migrate
      spontaneously from the vagina to the ovaries. This study confirms that in the
      presence of fallopian tube obstruction, fibrosis and/or lack of motility, this
      migration does not take place, and that the presence or absence of migration of
      HAM can be imaged with a gamma camera. In the evaluation of 52 tubes we found
      that the efficiency of RNHSG for evaluation of fallopian tube patency when
      compared with contrast hysterosalpingography and/or direct observation of
      surgical pathology was over 94%. RNHSG is an essentially innocuous technique for
      assessing functional and mechanical fallopian tube obstruction that can be
      performed with conventional nuclear imaging equipment.

PMID- 4032036
TI  - Effect of a delay in commencing imaging on the ability to detect transient
      thallium defects.
AB  - Sixty patients, 42 with coronary disease and 18 normals, were studied to assess
      the impact of a delay following exercise in commencing thallium imaging on the
      sensitivity for detecting ischemic transient defects. Three sets of images were
      obtained beginning 2 min, 18 min, and 2 hr after exercise. Each patient's images
      were separated into two pairs of studies for analysis: 2 min-2 hr and 18 min-2
      hr. Of the 42 patients with coronary disease, a greater number had transient
      defects detected on the 2 min-2 hr compared with the 18 min-2 hr study (22
      compared with 14, p less than 0.05). False positives were not increased by
      earlier imaging. We conclude that a modest (18 min) delay obtaining the first set
      of images causes a significant reduction in the ability to detect transient
      thallium defects, and that imaging should begin several minutes after exercise.

PMID- 4032037
TI  - A simple method to quantitate iodine-124 contamination in iodine-123
      radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - Iodine-123 (123I) produced by the 124Te(p,2n)123I reaction contains several
      percent 124I radionuclidic contamination at the time of imaging. Since 124I
      degrades the quality of the images and causes unnecessary radiation absorbed dose
      to the patient, it is important to know the amount present in
      radiopharmaceuticals at the time of administration. A simple approach is
      described which uses a radionuclide dose calibrator and lead shield. The sample
      is assayed both shielded and unshielded and the ratio of readings depends
      uniquely upon the percent 124I present. The technique can be adopted for any type
      of dose calibrator, sample container, and Pb shield, but use of the numeric
      constants reported here should be restricted to the specified equipment.

PMID- 4032038
TI  - The relationship of nuclear magnetic resonance to nuclear medicine: friend or
      foe?

PMID- 4032039
TI  - Enterogastric reflux mimicking gallbladder visualization in acute cholecystitis.

PMID- 4032041
TI  - Imaging in patients with heterotopic bone formation.

PMID- 4032040
TI  - Depletion regimens for radioiodine therapy of thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 4032042
TI  - Receiver operating characteristic analysis of regional cerebral blood flow in
      Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to quantitatively assess
      the ability of individual detectors in a 32-detector 133Xe inhalation system to
      discriminate between two populations over the range of regional cerebral blood
      flow (rCBF) values. These populations were clinically evaluated as normal (age
      63.1 +/- 13.1, n = 23) and presumed Alzheimer's disease (age 72.7 +/- 7.0, n =
      82). Summary statistics showed that for homologous detectors the average value of
      blood flow in the normal group was greater than the flow value in the group of
      subjects with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions drawn from single values of flow
      or mean hemispheric flow can lead to erroneous conclusions about hemisphere
      asymmetries. However, the dynamic relationship between the correct
      identifications (true positives) compared with incorrect identifications (false
      positives) of Alzheimer's disease at each detector varies over the range of blood
      flow values, and quantitative characterization of this relationship in terms of
      an ROC curve provides more insight into the structure of the data. Detectors
      approximating the speech, auditory and association cortex were most effective in
      discriminating between groups. Frontal detectors were marginally useful
      diagnostically.

PMID- 4032043
TI  - Unsuccessful lung scan due to major right-to-left shunt through a sinus venosus
      septal defect.
AB  - In a patient with a prior history of cerebral abscess and cerebral ischemia, an
      unsuccessful perfusion lung scan led to a radionuclide angiocardiogram using an
      arm vein injection. This showed a total right-to-left (R-L) shunt from the
      superior vena cava (SVC) to the left atrium. Repeat radionuclide study, through a
      leg vein, demonstrated a moderate R-L shunt and an interpretable lung scan could
      be obtained. Catheterization and contrast cineangiogram did not provide the exact
      diagnosis, the preoperative conclusion being anomalous drainage of the SVC into
      the left atrium, with atrial septal defect (ASD) and partial anomalous pulmonary
      venous connection to the SVC. The operative diagnosis was high atrial (sinus
      venosus) septal defect. This example of major but clinically unsuspected R-L
      shunt emphasizes the value of performing a perfusion lung scan, preferably in
      conjunction with radionuclide angiocardiography in patients with a prior history
      of unexplained cerebral abscess or systemic ischemia. Implications of the site of
      an ASD on quantitation of L-R shunts by radionuclide methods are also discussed.

PMID- 4032044
TI  - Radionuclide angiography in pulmonary sequestration.
AB  - We report a case diagnosed as pulmonary sequestration by radionuclide angiography
      prior to operation which showed anomalous arteries. Radionuclide angiography
      clearly revealed the condition of both the pulmonary artery and aorta, and is
      considered to be extremely useful in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration. It
      will probably be applied to more patients in the future.

PMID- 4032045
TI  - Hemoptysis as the sole presentation of thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - A 23-year-old man experienced hemoptysis in 1968, secondary to papillary
      carcinoma of the thyroid with metastasis to the lungs. The patient was treated
      initially with thyroidectomy and Iodine- 131 (131I), and subsequently with
      radical neck dissection. Following a period of fifteen years in which the patient
      was well clinically, he experienced recurrent hemoptysis. No other source of
      bleeding was identified, and the hemoptysis was attributed to the lung metastases
      of the thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 4032046
TI  - Technetium-99m low density lipoproteins: preparation and biodistribution.
AB  - The focal uptake by human atherosclerotic lesions of 125I bound to low density
      lipoproteins (LDL) can be demonstrated by external imaging. However, 125I has
      poor imaging characteristics. Therefore, we have developed a technique for
      labeling LDL with technetium. To facilitate analysis, LDL was first labeled with
      99mTc, by reduction of TcO4- with dithionite in the presence of the protein. The
      labeled LDL was stable to electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, and passage in
      vivo. This technique was repeated with minor modification with 99mTc to prepare
      [99mTc] LDL for use as an imaging agent. Its biodistribution in 16 rabbits was
      similar to that of [125I] LDL and it allowed high resolution external imaging of
      LDL uptake by tissues, including the injured, healing, arterial wall, and the
      adrenal cortex.

PMID- 4032047
TI  - Radiation dosimetry of radioiodinated thyroid hormones.
AB  - A physiologically based compartmental model for T4 and T3 metabolism in man was
      used to generate time-activity curves for residence of radioiodine in key organs.
      T4 and T3 labeled with 123I, 124I, 125I, and 131I were studied. Conditions
      modeled included radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) values of 0%, 1%, 5%, 15% and
      25%, and RAIU of 15% combined with various degrees of pharmacologic block of
      thyroidal RAIU. Using the MIRD "S" tables, rad doses were generated for each
      condition. While the shapes of the time-activity curves varied widely with
      alterations in physical and biological turnover and with changes in steady-state
      due to iodine administration, it was possible to calculate overall effective half
      lives for each organ of interest from the integral of the time-activity curve
      projected by solution of the model. This overall effective half-life of the
      hormone for the body's exchangeable hormone compartments correlated well with
      calculated radiation dose to the thyroid in the unblocked state. With progressive
      degrees of iodine block, this correlation persisted, though with proportionately
      reduced thyroid radiation doses. Use and manipulation of a compartmental model,
      rather than the usual multiexponential model, for radiation dosimetry facilitates
      conceptualization and the projection of the effects of interventions such as
      iodide block.

PMID- 4032048
TI  - A simple filtering routine for radionuclide bone images.
AB  - The evaluation is carried out of a simple filtering routine for improving the
      detectability of low contrast lesions in bone scans. With this routine, the
      unprocessed image is displayed together with three filtered versions, the final
      decision on the presence of abnormalities being made by comparing the four
      images. Emphasis is placed on producing a routine which is quick in
      implementation and, therefore, only small filter arrays are used. Using a routine
      consisting of a low-pass, a median, and a differential filter, 73% more lesions
      are detected when the filtered images are also used. The whole routine takes less
      than 1 min to run.

PMID- 4032049
TI  - Excretion of radionuclides in human breast milk after the administration of
      radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - The fraction of injected activity that was excreted through the breast milk of
      nursing mothers at different times after the injection of various
      radiopharmaceuticals has been measured in 21 patients. For 99mTc-labeled
      radiopharmaceuticals the total excreted fraction was 10% for pertechnetate and
      1.5-3% for MAA, plasmin, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and methylene
      diphosphonate (MDP). For [125I]hippuran and [131I]hippuran the corresponding
      value was 3%. For the above mentioned radiopharmaceuticals the activity
      concentration in the milk decreased exponentially with an effective half-life of
      approximately 4 hr. For chromium-51 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ([51Cr]EDTA)
      and [99mTc]RBC, much smaller amounts were excreted in the breast milk. The
      absorbed dose to various organs of the baby has been calculated. We conclude that
      when [99mTc]pertechnetate, [99mTc]MAA, [99mTc]plasmin, [125I]hippuran, or
      [131I]hippuran are used the child should be fed just before the administration of
      the radionuclide to the mother and the next three milk fractions should not be
      used. For [99mTc]DTPA and [99mTc]MDP as well as [51Cr]EDTA, only the first
      fraction should not be used. According to our earlier investigations breast
      feeding has to be stopped for at least 3 wk after investigations with
      [125I]fibrinogen.

PMID- 4032050
TI  - Excretion of radioactivity in breast milk after an indium-111 leukocyte scan.

PMID- 4032051
TI  - Thyroid carcinoma metastatic to pituitary.

PMID- 4032052
TI  - Use of a cardiac phantom for intersystem survey.

PMID- 4032053
TI  - Schilling evaluation of pernicious anemia.

PMID- 4032054
TI  - Misplaced hydroxyl group in figure: the synthesis of 2-[F-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D
      glucose using glycals.

PMID- 4032055
TI  - Effect of soft-tissue pathology on detection of pedal osteomyelitis in diabetics.
AB  - Three-phase bone scans were performed on 30 diabetic patients suspected of having
      acute pedal osteomyelitis; 23 also had a pedal ulcer, seven had coexisting
      cellulitis, and 14 had diminished pedal pulses. Fifteen patients were receiving
      antibiotics at the time of the scan. A tissue diagnosis was available in 18
      patients and 12 had no clinical evidence of infection on follow-up. Focal
      arterial hyperemia combined with focally increased activity on blood-pool and
      delayed (2-3 hr) scans were interpreted as acute osteomyelitis. Scans showing
      venous hyperemia were interpreted as soft-tissue pathology without acute
      osteomyelitis. Companion radiographs were reviewed independently. The sensitivity
      and specificity of the scans for osteomyelitis were 0.94 and 0.79, respectively,
      while radiographic sensitivity was 0.93 and specificity was 0.50. The presence of
      soft-tissue ulcers or cellulitis, peripheral vascular disease, or recent
      antibiotic therapy had no significant adverse effect on the accuracy of the three
      phase scan in diagnosing osteomyelitis.

PMID- 4032056
TI  - First-third ejection fraction: is the first-pass radionuclide method accurate?
AB  - Previous reports have suggested that left ventricular first-third ejection
      fraction (EF) can be obtained from the left ventricular time-activity curve
      derived from first-pass radionuclide angiography based on Anger camera data. The
      validity of this technique was assessed by: a study of beat-to-beat variations in
      data from 15 patients in which electrocardiographic data were simultaneously
      recorded, and a computer simulation incorporating the application of Poisson
      statistics to appropriate count rate data. The results of patients studies showed
      no consistent trend in any first-third parameter obtained from consecutive beats
      in individual subjects, and unacceptably high statistical uncertainty in the
      calculation of the first-third ejection fraction. The weighted standard deviation
      of the first-third ejection fraction in each of 15 patients studied averaged 7.5
      EF units, while first-third ejection fraction averaged 22.9 EF units. The
      relative error averaged 32%. The computer simulation indicated a high relative
      error of 47% associated with the first-third ejection fraction at typical end
      diastolic count rates of 200 per frame from 1,000 computer Poisson randomizations
      of an appropriate analog volume curve. The results render the first-pass
      radiocardiographic method invalid for determining first-third ejection fraction.

PMID- 4032058
TI  - The XXI National Congress of the Italian Society for Nuclear Biology and Medicine
      held in association with the VII annual meeting of the Nuclear Medicine Section
      of the Italian Association for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. Genoa, Italy, May
      29-June 1, 1985. Abstracts of the communications.

PMID- 4032057
TI  - Do radioisotope techniques fulfil their role in the diagnosis of pulmonary
      embolism?

PMID- 4032059
TI  - Evaluation of the erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity coefficient as
      an indicator of the vitamin B-6 status of postpubertal gilts.
AB  - In two experiments, postpubertal gilts, individually housed in gestation stalls,
      were fed daily 1.9 kg of a purified diet providing 0.45, 1.5, 2.1 or 83 mg of
      vitamin B-6/d. The erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (more commonly known as
      glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) activity coefficient (EGOT-Ac) of gilts fed
      the low vitamin B-6 diet (0.45 mg vitamin B-6/d) for 121 d increased 200%, while
      the EGOT-Ac of gilts fed the high vitamin B-6 diet (83 mg vitamin B-6/d) remained
      unchanged. Two gilts were fed the low vitamin B-6 diet for 241 d at which time
      hair loss was observed. Muscle glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity was
      reduced 75% in vitamin B-6-deficient gilts. The EGOT-Ac of gilts consuming 2.1 mg
      vitamin B-6/d was 100% greater than that of control animals (83 mg vitamin B
      6/d). These findings indicate that the current NRC estimated vitamin B-6
      requirement for mature swine (1.8 mg vitamin B-6/d) is inadequate. Prior intake
      of excess vitamin B-6 did not prevent the subsequent development of a vitamin B-6
      deficiency.

PMID- 4032060
TI  - Effect of deficient and excess dietary vitamin B-6 on amino transaminase and
      glycogen phosphorylase activity and pyridoxal phosphate content in two muscles
      from postpubertal gilts.
AB  - Postpubertal gilts averaging 111 kg and gaining 2.7 kg/wk were fed daily 1.9 kg/d
      of a diet providing 0.45, 2.1 or 83 mg of vitamin B-6/d. An additional group of
      animals were fed the high vitamin B-6 diet providing 83 mg of vitamin B-6/d for
      the initial 57 d of the experiment and then switched to 0.45 mg of vitamin B-6/d
      for the remainder of the 121-d experiment (61 gilts total). On d 0, 57 and 121,
      animals from each treatment were killed, and samples of the semitendinosus (ST)
      and semimembranosus (SM) were removed. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT),
      glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glycogen phosphorylase and pyridoxal
      phosphate (PLP) were measured in muscle tissues. The erythrocyte GOT activity
      coefficient indicated that gilts consuming 0.45 or 2.1 mg of vitamin B-6/d
      developed a vitamin B-6 deficiency. A vitamin B-6 deficiency resulted in the loss
      of whole-muscle transaminase activity (enzyme activity X muscle weight) with
      little effect on whole-muscle total phosphorylase or total PLP content. Excess
      dietary vitamin B-6 increased whole-muscle total PLP and total phosphorylase
      content with small decreases in whole-muscle transaminase. Under these
      conditions, muscle tissue acts as a nonmobile reservoir of PLP. Sixty to 95% of
      muscle PLP was bound to muscle glycogen phosphorylase.

PMID- 4032061
TI  - A comparison of the response of woodchucks and rats to variations in dietary
      lipotrope and lipid content.
AB  - A soy protein-based experimental diet for woodchucks (Marmota monax) is
      described. The diet supported growth of juvenile woodchucks for 12 wk. With this
      diet, the effects on both woodchucks and rats of increasing dietary corn oil from
      5 to 15% and of deleting supplemental lipotropic factors (choline, methionine,
      folic acid and vitamin B-12) were studied in a 2 X 2 factorial experiment. Both
      increased lipid and lipotrope deletion resulted in decreased growth in rats, but
      only increased lipid caused growth depression in woodchucks. Lipotrope depletion
      resulted in elevated serum markers of hepatic injury and hepatic lipid
      accumulation in rats but not in woodchucks. Hematological changes induced by the
      low lipotrope diets included decreased packed cell volume, total hemoglobin and
      mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in rats but increased MCV in woodchucks. The
      woodchuck appears to be more resistant than the rat to induction of hepatic
      injury by lipotrope deficiency.

PMID- 4032062
TI  - Dietary induction of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in Japanese quail
      of strain SEA.
AB  - Groups of 12 male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of a strain
      susceptible to experimental atherosclerosis (SEA) were fed one of three purified
      diets (one basal and two atherogenic) for 8 wk. The basal diet contained: glucose
      (46%), soy protein (35%) and beef tallow (10%). Atherogenic diets were prepared
      by replacing glucose with either 1% cholesterol or 1% cholesterol plus 0.5%
      cholic acid. Both atherogenic diets induced hypercholesterolemia, with serum
      cholesterol increased 202 and 336% above basal values for birds fed the
      cholesterol and cholesterol/cholic acid diets, respectively. The
      hypercholesterolemia was characterized by an increase in serum levels of very low
      density and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. No atherosclerotic lesions were
      found in birds fed the basal diet, but lesion incidence in the dorsal aorta and
      brachiocephalic arteries was 75 and 100% for birds fed the cholesterol and
      cholesterol/cholic acid diets, respectively. Arterial scores (percentage of
      arterial surface area covered by lesions), arterial cholesterol concentration and
      total liver cholesterol were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) for birds
      fed the cholic acid containing diet than for those fed the diet having
      cholesterol only. Severity of atherosclerotic score and arterial cholesterol
      concentration were positively correlated (P less than 0.01 in both cases) with
      serum cholesterol concentration. The two indices of the severity of
      atherosclerosis (arterial score and arterial cholesterol concentration) were
      highly and linearly correlated (r = 0.88, P less than 0.01). The SEA strain of
      quail appears to be a promising model for the study of atherosclerosis.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032063
TI  - Influence of zinc and iron on dietary fluoride utilization in the rat.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted with the weanling rat fed a purified diet to
      determine the influence of dietary zinc (6, 30, 150 ppm) and iron (7, 35, 175
      ppm) on fluoride bioavailability. Dietary fluoride in each case was 2 or 10 ppm
      as sodium fluoride. During a 6-wk trial, neither divalent zinc nor divalent iron
      affected fluoride bioavailability based on skeletal uptake of fluoride. Our
      studies were specifically designed to provide concepts about the effects of
      dietary trace element supplementation practices on dietary fluoride
      bioavailability especially in terms of fluoride originating from foods prepared
      in fluoridated water. Our results suggest that either iron or zinc can be added
      to foods to improve nutritional value without compromising the availability of
      food fluoride.

PMID- 4032064
TI  - Effect of lactose on phosphate transport into rat intestinal brush border
      membrane vesicles.
AB  - Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were used to evaluate the influence of
      lactose on phosphate (Pi) transport in the intestine of the rat. BBMV were
      prepared from duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 3-, 4- and 7-wk-old rats. Na+
      dependent active transport of Pi was investigated in the presence of an Na+
      gradient; Na+-independent, diffusional transport was investigated by substitution
      of choline chloride for NaCl. In 3-wk-old rats active Pi transport dominated,
      whereas in 4-wk-old rats a decrease in active transport and an increase of the
      diffusional component of total Pi transport were observed. Furthermore, in 7-wk
      old rats, Pi was transported by simple diffusion alone. Addition of lactose to
      the preincubation medium had no effect on Pi transport in duodenal and jejunal
      BBMV isolated from 3-wk-old rats. In the remaining BBMV preparations, lactose
      caused a twofold enhancement of diffusional Pi uptake. Glucose and galactose had
      no effect on diffusional Pi uptake into BBMV. These results indicate that lactose
      may directly interact with luminal membranes, thus leading to increased
      diffusional transport. The membranes with a decreased Na+-dependent Pi transport
      activity are most susceptible to the influence of lactose.

PMID- 4032065
TI  - Isolation and characterization of brush border membrane vesicles from bovine
      small intestine.
AB  - Intestinal brush border membrane vesicles were prepared from 21-wk-old Holstein
      bulls. The method of preparation included magnesium precipitation, differential
      centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Purification of brush
      border membranes was indicated by sevenfold enrichment of alkaline phosphatase
      activity. Uptake of D-[U-14C]glucose was sodium-stimulated and exhibited
      characteristic "overshoot" phenomenon. Sodium-dependent and sodium-independent D
      glucose uptake was into an osmotically active space. Phloridzin (100 mM)
      completely inhibited sodium-dependent, but did not affect sodium-independent
      transport. Sodium-dependent D-glucose transport was inhibited more by D-glucose
      than by D-galactose, which inhibited more than D-xylose did. The sodium-dependent
      D-glucose transport was not inhibited by D-fructose, D-ribose or D-arabinose.
      Sodium-independent D-glucose transport was unaffected by the sugars tested.
      Glucose transport in bovine intestinal brush border is similar to that in
      monogastric species and is composed of two pathways: a sodium-dependent
      inhibitable system and a diffusional system.

PMID- 4032066
TI  - Food intake, growth and tissue amino acids in rats fed acid analogues.
AB  - The objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary additions of
      analogues of large neutral amino acids (LNAA), previously shown to inhibit entry
      of natural LNAA into brain, on food intake, growth and tissue concentrations of
      specific amino acids in young rats. A mixture of norleucine, norvaline, alpha
      aminophenylacetate and alpha-aminooctanote (atypical amino acids, AAA) markedly
      depressed food intake and growth of rats fed a 6% protein diet (LP) for 10 d but
      not of rats fed a 50% protein diet (HP). Except in rats fed HP, dietary AAA
      usually decreased concentrations of LNAA more than of small neutral amino acids
      (SNAA) or lysine, especially in brain. Concentrations of LNAA, especially in
      brain and muscle of rats adapted to LP or HP meals and fed one LP-AAA meal were
      lower than in similar rats fed one LP meal without AAA; feeding an HP-AAA meal to
      such rats generally prevented or lessened these changes. AAA-induced changes in
      SNAA and lysine were usually small in meal-fed rats. When AAA induced decreases
      in LNAA, the branched-chain amino acids were usually most affected; valine and
      isoleucine sometimes were undetected in brain and muscle. Serotonin and dopamine
      concentrations were not low in brain despite low levels of tryptophan and
      tyrosine. Changes in tissue LNAA concentrations would appear to reflect in part
      competition by large neutral AAA for transport of natural LNAA from the blood.

PMID- 4032067
TI  - Effect of dietary selenium deficiency on incidence and size of 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors in rats.
AB  - Torula yeast diets deficient (less than or equal to 0.02 ppm) in selenium (Se)
      and a control diet supplemented with sodium selenite (0.1 ppm Se), were fed to 52
      male Sprague-Dawley rats per diet for 23 wk following weaning. 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was administered (20 mg/kg body weight) in 20 weekly i.p.
      injections after 3 wk of feeding. After 23 wk, 67% of the rats fed the Se
      deficient diet had intestinal adenocarcinomas versus 63% on the 0.1 ppm Se diets.
      Diet also had no effect on the number or size of tumors per tumor-bearing animal
      or on the location of the tumors within the colon. The effects of Se deficiency
      on the hematological variables of white blood cell count, hematocrit, serum urea
      nitrogen and cholesterol concentrations were examined. Serum urea nitrogen levels
      were lower in Se-deficient DMH-treated rats (9.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 13.7 +/- 0.9 mg/dl,
      P less than 0.01) and serum cholesterol was higher in Se-deficient DMH-treated
      animals (69.0 +/- 5.5 vs. 50.7 +/- 3.9 mg/dl, P less than 0.05). Body weights of
      the Se-depleted group were lower in the DMH-treated animals (P less than 0.01)
      although food consumption did not differ. Controls without DMH did not show
      differences due to Se status for any variable examined. Se deficiency appears to
      affect DMH toxicity but nutritional adequacy (0.1 ppm Se) does not inhibit tumor
      development. The results of this study do not support the belief that Se
      deficiency enhances colon carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4032068
TI  - Active absorption of selenate by rat ileum.
AB  - Intestinal absorption of selenate and selenite in rats was investigated in vitro
      by using everted sacs of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Only the ileal sacs
      incubated with selenate accumulated selenium in the serosal fluid during the
      incubation. Selenium transport across the ileum did not occur against a
      concentration gradient when selenite instead of selenate was present in the
      incubation medium. Sulfate and thiosulfate significantly inhibited ileal selenate
      transport. Decreasing the activity of the Na+,K+-ATPase, by the addition of
      ouabain, resulted in a significant reduction of concentrative selenate transport
      by the ileum. Furthermore L-leucine, but not D-glucose and D-galactose,
      significantly reduced selenium absorption by ileal sacs incubated with selenate.
      It is concluded from these results that selenate is transported actively by the
      ileal mucosa and that a common transport mechanism for selenate and sulfate
      exists. The Na+-gradient across the intestinal brush border membrane seems to be
      capable of energizing active ileal selenate transport.

PMID- 4032069
TI  - Feeding time differentially affects fattening and growth of channel catfish.
AB  - Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were held on a 12-h light, 12-h dark
      photoperiod (light onset 0600 h) and fed a nonpurified diet daily at either 0730
      or 1600 h or a half ration at both of these times of day. The feeding time
      conducive to total growth (0730 h) differed from that conducive to fattening
      (1600 h). Fish fed a half ration at both times of day had body weights similar to
      those fed a single early meal but also had high abdominal fat weights similar to
      those fed a single late meal. Feeding schedule appears to be an important factor
      in determining the metabolic fate of nutrients.

PMID- 4032070
TI  - Effects of vitamins on lipid peroxidation and suppression of DNA synthesis
      induced by adriamycin in Ehrlich cells.
AB  - The effects of various vitamins on lipid peroxidation and the suppression of DNA
      synthesis induced by adriamycin (ADR) in vitro using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma
      (EAC) cells were studied. ADR produced a concentration-dependent stimulation of
      lipid peroxidation in EAC cells. alpha-Tocopherol and coenzyme Q10 inhibited ADR
      induced lipid peroxidation to about the same extent and these effects were the
      greatest for all antioxidants added. The inhibitory effect of riboflavin
      2',3',4',5'-tetrabutyrate was greater than that of riboflavin 5'-phosphate. On
      measuring incorporation of [3H]thymidine into EAC cells, these vitamins did not
      alter appreciably the magnitude of the ADR-induced suppression of DNA synthesis
      in EAC cells.

PMID- 4032071
TI  - Effect of riboflavin-butyrate on cardiac glutathione reductase affected by
      adriamycin.
AB  - Male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of adriamycin (4 mg/kg body
      weight/day) and/or riboflavin-butyrate (20 mg/kg body weight/day) for 6
      consecutive days. Cardiac mitochondria were then prepared for our present
      experiment. The combined use of riboflavin-butyrate with adriamycin was evaluated
      for reduction of lipid peroxide formation in rat cardiac mitochondria. In order
      to find the mechanism of the effect of riboflavin-butyrate, the glutathione
      peroxidase-glutathione reductase system was examined. Adriamycin reduced the
      glutathione reductase activity in rat cardiac mitochondria, but did not affect
      the glutathione peroxidase activity. The mitochondrial content of flavin adenine
      dinucleotide, a prosthetic group of glutathione reductase, was greatly reduced
      and apoprotein of glutathione reductase also decreased. The administration of
      riboflavin-butyrate with adriamycin increased flavin adenine dinucleotide and
      glutathione reductase activity. These results suggest that exogenous
      administration of riboflavin-butyrate is capable of reducing lipid peroxide by
      both enzymatic detoxification through glutathione reductase and non-enzymatic
      detoxification due to direct reaction with lipid peroxide.

PMID- 4032072
TI  - Isolation and identification of N1-methylnicotinic acid (trigonelline) from rat
      urine.
AB  - A urinary metabolite of nicotinic acid, single- and double-labeled N1
      methylnicotinic acid (trigonelline: Tg) were isolated as urinary excretion
      products of rats following portal vein injection of [carboxyl-14C]nicotinic acid
      (14C-NiA) and/or S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine (3H-SAM). The labeled
      compounds produced were identified as Tg by comparison of ultraviolet absorption
      pattern and chromatographic behavior with those of the authentic compound, and by
      cocrystallization with the authentic carrier. It was demonstrated that enzymatic
      synthesis of double-labeled Tg is accomplished by reaction between 14C-NiA and 3H
      SAM, and the enzymatic product was identified using the above methods.
      Approximately 1.5% respectively of the radioactivity of 14C-NiA and 3H-SAM was
      incorporated into Tg by enzymatic reaction. Furthermore, Tg from normal rat urine
      was isolated by ion-exchange chromatographic procedures and was crystallized from
      ethyl alcohol. The isolated compound was identified as Tg by comparison of
      ultraviolet spectra, infrared spectra, gas-mass spectra, elemental analysis,
      melting point and thin layer chromatogram behavior with those of the authentic
      compound. From these results, it was clearly demonstrated that Tg was one of the
      metabolites of nicotinic acid in the rat.

PMID- 4032073
TI  - Comparative changes in plasma and RBC alpha-tocopherol after administration of dl
      alpha-tocopheryl acetate and d-alpha-tocopherol.
AB  - Changes in plasma and RBC alpha-tocopherol after intravenous and oral
      administration of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate were investigated using vitamin E
      deficient rats and were compared with those following the administration of d
      alpha-tocopherol, which is the most active and natural form of tocopherol.
      Intravenous administration: By the administration of dl-tocopheryl acetate, the
      elevated plasma tocopherol levels were higher at 6 h than those elevated by d
      tocopherol, but the RBC tocopherol was lower 6 h after the infusion of dl
      tocopheryl acetate than after d-tocopherol infusion. The tocopheryl acetate
      incorporated into the RBCs remained for 24 h after the administration of
      tocopheryl acetate, the acetate then becoming undetectable in plasma. Oral
      administration: The tocopherol elevated in plasma and RBC was only the alpha-form
      and not tocopheryl acetate. In both plasma and RBCs, tocopherol levels were
      higher after the administration of d-tocopherol than after dl-tocopheryl acetate
      administration, and more was found in RBCs.

PMID- 4032074
TI  - Blood status and serum free amino acids in Papua New Guinea highlanders.
AB  - Hematological values and serum amino-acid concentrations were measured in 17
      healthy male adult Papua New Guinea highlanders who live on a sweet-potato staple
      diet. Hematological values were within the normal range, except for a low serum
      urea concentration. The concentrations of serum threonine, valine, isoleucine,
      leucine and tyrosine were significantly lower, and those of arginine, glutamate,
      glycine and alanine were significantly higher, than in Japanese controls. These
      amino acid patterns in the serum of Papua New Guinea highlanders are an
      indication of low protein nutrition and adequate energy supply. Some essential
      amino acid and urea concentrations in the serum of nine Papua New Guinea subjects
      fed on an adequate protein diet (1.3 g/kg body weight, about twice their habitual
      diet) for 13 days were significantly increased but were still significantly lower
      than those of Japanese subjects. Serum alanine decreased on an adequate protein
      diet. These results show that amino acid uptake and utilization by peripheral
      tissues may be accelerated on an adequate protein diet. Blood status and serum
      amino acid concentrations did not show any change except for urea and some amino
      acids, when five Papua New Guinea highlanders were fed on a low protein diet (0.6
      g/kg) consecutively for 13 days.

PMID- 4032075
TI  - Nutritional significance of cyclodextrins: indigestibility and hypolipemic effect
      of alpha-cyclodextrin.
AB  - Digestibility of alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin (CD) and nutritional consequences
      of alpha-CD and a CD mixture (n-dextrin, alpha-, beta-and gamma-CDs = 50, 30, 15
      and 5% by weight) were investigated in rats. In contrast with beta-CD, alpha-CD
      was revealed to be indigestible. Growing rats were fed on diets supplemented with
      the CD mixture at 19.5, 39, 58.5 and 78% levels for 110 days, resulting in
      smaller weight gain and body fat deposition when they were fed on a higher CD
      diet. Rates of weight loss during the restricted feeding were faster in rats fed
      on a higher CD diet. These were due to food efficiency lowered by CD. Reduced
      serum and liver triacylglycerol (TG) levels were noted during a 110-day period of
      feeding of the CD diets, and the former was revealed due to a reduced hepatic
      intestinal TG secretion rate. Rats fed on a 78% CD diet, which contained alpha-CD
      at the 24% level, showed abnormal symptoms such as poor appetite and constipation
      with gas accumulation in the large intestine, and some of them died during the
      first 2-week feeding period. However, the surviving animals showed adaptation to
      the diet in the later period of the 110-day feeding. These results suggest that
      alpha-CD may be classified as dietary fiber which can modulate lipid metabolism
      in rats. Furthermore, the CD mixture may be available as a calorie substitute for
      weight control, which may owe mostly to alpha-CD.

PMID- 4032076
TI  - Effect of dietary taurine on cholesterol gallstone formation and tissue
      cholesterol contents in mice.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of dietary taurine on cholesterol gallstone formation was
      studied using male mice of Jcl:ICR strain. Mice were provided three kinds of semi
      purified diet; a cholesterol-free diet (standard), a lithogenic diet containing
      0.5% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate (C-CA), and a lithogenic diet
      supplemented with 5% taurine. The changes of total cholesterol in serum,
      cholesterol mass in the liver and the gall bladder, and gallstone incidence were
      studied as a function of time. Gallstone formation was observed only in the mice
      fed on the C-CA diet for more than 3 weeks. The changes of serum cholesterol
      concentration were not consistent with gallstone formation. The cholesterol mass
      of the liver in taurine-supplemented mice decreased after the 3rd week.
      Cholesterol content of the gall bladder increased with cholesterol gallstone
      formation. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of dietary taurine on cholesterol
      gallstone formation may be related to the decrease in cholesterol content of the
      liver.

PMID- 4032077
TI  - Comparative study of the atherogenecity of dietary trans, saturated and
      unsaturated fatty acids on swine coronary arteries.
AB  - Three groups of two-month-old swine were fed on basal diets supplemented with
      either oleic acid-rich safflower oil, lard or hydrogenated soybean oil in order
      to monitor the atherogenecity of various dietary fatty acids. The level of plasma
      triglyceride was highest in the safflower oil group and the level of plasma
      cholesterol was highest in the lard group. The degree of intimal thickening of
      the coronary arteries was most severe in the safflower oil group and lease severe
      in the hydrogenated fat group. Both the lard- and safflower oil-supplemented
      groups displayed lipid-rich coronary arterial lesions. The thickened intima of
      these two groups contained numerous activated smooth muscle cells, degenerated
      cells with or without stainable lipid and abundant cell debris. Cellular changes
      were less conspicuous in the coronary arteries from the hydrogenated fat group
      than in those from the other two groups.

PMID- 4032078
TI  - Some properties of luminal sucrase and sucrase-isomaltase complex in rat small
      intestine.
AB  - Some properties of luminal sucrase-isomaltase complex and the effect of luminal
      fluid on their complex were studied in rat small intestine. Luminal contents were
      collected by flushing the small intestine with the buffered solution. The enzyme
      activity was observed in luminal contents and intestinal mucosa. Sucrase and
      isomaltase activities were located mainly in the intestinal mucosa. However,
      approximately 20% of sucrase and 10% of isomaltase activities of total small
      intestine were found in the luminal contents. A significant amount of sucrase
      without isomaltase activity, the molecular weight of which was estimated at about
      140,000 daltons, was found in the luminal supernatant of the distal intestine in
      addition to the complexed form of sucrase and isomaltase. The luminal sucrase and
      sucrase-isomaltase complex had similar properties such as Km values, optimal pH,
      molecular weights and antigenicity against anti sucrase-isomaltase antibody
      compared with brush border membrane-bound sucrase-isomaltase complex.
      Furthermore, the supernatant of the luminal contents of the ileum had a
      degradative effect on the isomaltase moiety of the purified sucrase-isomaltase
      complex and a free sucrase without isomaltase also appeared in vitro as observed
      in vivo. These results suggest that the sucrase-isomaltase complex is released
      into the intestinal lumen from the brush border membrane and that a luminal
      factor affects the degradation step of this enzyme as well as the biosynthesis of
      sucrase-isomaltase complex.

PMID- 4032079
TI  - Erroneous comparisons in oil refinery workers' mortality studies?

PMID- 4032080
TI  - Statistical validation for synthetic pyrethroid analysis.

PMID- 4032081
TI  - Long-term health effects following isocyanate exposure.

PMID- 4032082
TI  - Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. Case reports of persistent airways
      hyperreactivity following high-level irritant exposures.
AB  - Two individuals developed an asthma-like illness after a single exposure to high
      levels of an irritating aerosol, vapor, fume, or smoke. Symptoms developed within
      a few hours. A consistent physiologic accompaniment was airways hyperreactivity,
      with the two subjects showing positive methacholine challenge tests. No
      documented preexisting respiratory illness was identified, nor did subjects
      relate past respiratory complaints. Respiratory symptoms and airways
      hyperreactivity persisted for at least four years after the incident. The
      incriminated etiologic agents all shared a common characteristic of being
      irritant in nature. Bronchial biopsy specimens showed an airways inflammatory
      response. This report suggests that acute high-level irritant exposures may
      produce an asthma-like syndrome in some individuals, with long-term sequelae and
      chronic airways disease. Nonimmunologic mechanisms seems to be operative in the
      pathogenesis of this syndrome.

PMID- 4032083
TI  - The 'healthy worker effect' on morbidity rates.
AB  - Studies relating mortality and occupation are difficult to interpret because of
      the "healthy worker effect." That effect is primarily due to the fact that
      individuals entering the labor force are in reasonably good health. A similar
      phenomenon might be expected in a comparison of morbidity among members of an
      occupational group with that of the general population. A comparison of morbidity
      among different population and occupation groups is made possible through the
      Household Interview Survey (HIS) of the National Center for Health Statistics.
      Data from the HIS for the years 1969 through 1974 were combined to form a sample
      classified according to race, sex, age, occupation, and occurrence of various
      health conditions. Among subjects between 25 and 59 years of age, age-specific
      morbidity ratios and standardized morbidity ratios were computed for blue-collar
      and professional/managerial employees and for unemployed who were either seeking
      or not seeking employment. There appears to be a "healthy worker morbidity
      effect" for chronic, but not for acute, conditions just as there is for
      mortality. The healthy worker effect for chronic morbidity maintains itself and,
      in fact, appears to increase throughout the 35-year period of stable employment.
      The age-specific morbidity ratio may have considerable theoretical importance for
      evaluating the related mortality experience of employed populations.

PMID- 4032084
TI  - Respiratory illness in the construction trades. I. The significance of asbestos
      associated pleural disease among sheet metal workers.
AB  - To assess the rate of roentgenographic and lung function abnormalities in
      asbestos-exposed construction workers, the authors studied 314 white male members
      of a local sheet metal workers union. Health outcomes were assessed by
      questionnaire, simple spirometry, and chest roentgenography; data were collected
      and interpreted following guidelines of the American Thoracic Society and the
      International Labor Office. Analyses of union records showed the tested
      population to be representative of all those eligible for testing. Pleural
      abnormalities were common, increasing to a prevalence of approximately 70% in
      workers with more than 30 years employment. Roentgenographic evidence of pleural
      disease was significantly correlated with decreased forced vital capacity (p =
      0.027) after controlling for the potential confounding effects of age, height,
      cigarette consumption history, and employment duration. In contrast, forced
      expiratory volume in 1 s showed a stronger association with amount smoked (p =
      0.022) than with pleural abnormality (p = 0.316). Logistic regression analyses
      showed that cigarettes act to increase the effect of asbestos in causing pleural
      disease among exposed workers. Cigarettes, in the absence of significant asbestos
      exposure, do not appear to cause pleural disease. The authors conclude that
      construction workers, such as those described herein, have a considerably
      increased rate of pleural disease, which has functional significance in view of
      the correlations noted with forced vital capacity measurements. Therefore,
      pleural disease in asbestos-exposed workers is not only an indicator of exposure
      but also an indicator of early impairment of pulmonary function.

PMID- 4032085
TI  - Reproductive outcomes in women exposed to solvents in 36 reinforced plastics
      companies. I. Menstrual dysfunction.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that exposure to styrene monomer and other solvents
      is associated with menstrual disturbances. This is the first U.S. study to
      evaluate the effects of exposure to styrene on dysmenorrhea, intermenstrual
      bleeding, secondary amenorrhea, menstrual blood clots, and hypermenorrhea. A
      comprehensive questionnaire was administered to 1,535 blue-collar workers.
      Multiple logistic regression analyses did not reveal a positive association
      between styrene exposure and any menstrual abnormality. Risk factors associated
      with menstrual disturbances included chronic illness with secondary amenorrhea (p
      less than or equal to .005), nulliparity with both decreased blood clots (p less
      than or equal to .005) and hypermenorrhea (p less than or equal to .001), smoking
      with blood clots (p less than or equal to .005), and age with hypermenorrhea (p
      less than or equal to .001). The overall prevalences of menstrual disorders were
      14% for dysmenorrhea, 16% for intermenstrual bleeding, 7% for secondary
      amenorrhea, 40% for menstrual blood clots, and 31% for hypermenorrhea.

PMID- 4032086
TI  - Notification and risk assessment for bladder cancer of a cohort exposed to
      aromatic amines. III. Mortality among workers exposed to aromatic amines in the
      last beta-naphthylamine manufacturing facility in the United States.
AB  - A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted among workers employed at
      the last facility in the United States that manufactured beta-naphthylamine
      (BNA), a recognized human bladder carcinogen. This study was conducted in
      conjunction with a pilot project in which workers were notified of the health
      risks associated with exposures to carcinogenic amines. Cause-specific mortality
      for 1,312 male workers employed between 1940 and 1972, and followed through 1979,
      was compared with the mortality of the general population in the United States.
      Two deaths from bladder cancer were observed while 0.7 such deaths were expected.
      Due to the use of these potent carcinogenic amines, it had been anticipated that
      more bladder cancer deaths would be found in this population. The reasons for the
      small number of bladder cancer deaths could have been the low percentage of the
      work force exposed, an inadequate latency period, and/or the high survival rate
      for bladder cancer. In fact, a notification and medical screening project
      recently conducted in this same population found an additional 11 bladder cancer
      cases. This suggests that mortality may not always be an adequate indicator of
      disease risk.

PMID- 4032087
TI  - Respiratory function and exposure-effect relationships in wood dust-exposed and
      control workers.
AB  - The effect of wood dust exposure on 50 cabinet makers was examined. Woodworkers
      reported more nasal and eye symptoms and more cough, sputum and wheezing than did
      49 control workers. More irritated cells were present in the woodworkers' nasal
      cytological smears. In contrast to the control workers, the woodworkers had a
      significant decline in lung function over the workshift. An inverse correlation
      between baseline lung function and an exposure index (mean area dust level
      multiplied by length of exposure) was demonstrated in the woodworkers. Greater
      dust exposure was not associated with larger falls in lung function over the work
      shift.

PMID- 4032089
TI  - Psychology in health risk messages for workers.
AB  - The content, style, and mode of company communications directed to workers
      regarding job hazards and health risks are frequently based only on concerns for
      technical accuracy and legal liability. These considerations as shaping factors
      in informational messages do not ensure worker understanding and responsiveness.
      Moreover, the uncertainty of health threats posed by many workplace chemical and
      physical agents, and the delayed, insidious disorders they may portend, present
      formidable obstacles in this regard. This report describes guidelines that
      attempt to overcome these difficulties, with specific reference to printed forms
      of informational material. The guidelines are based on concepts from the
      cognitive and social psychology literature, with additional input from experts in
      those fields as well as representatives from management and labor who have
      responsibilities for worker health education in their respective organizations.
      Selected guidelines are presented and critiques are offered of samples of hazard
      information materials directed to workers in light of the guidelines'
      prescriptions. Field trials are planned as a follow-up.

PMID- 4032088
TI  - A retrospective cohort mortality study of iron ore (hematite) miners in
      Minnesota.
AB  - In a retrospective cohort mortality study of 10,403 Minnesota iron-ore (hematite)
      miners no excesses of lung cancer mortality were found among either underground
      (Standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 100) or above ground (SMR = 88) miners.
      Yugoslav-born miners incurred a two-fold significant excess mortality for lung
      cancer that did not appear to be associated with their mining exposures.
      Significant excesses in mortality due to stomach cancer were found for both
      underground (SMR = 167) and aboveground (SMR = 181) miners as compared with U.S.
      white males. However, except among Finnish-born miners, these excesses
      disappeared when comparisons were made with the appropriate county rate. The
      apparent absence of significant radon exposure, a strict smoking prohibition
      underground, an aggressive silicosis control program, and the absence of
      underground diesel fuel use may explain why these underground miners did not
      appear to incur the lung cancer risk reported in other studies.

PMID- 4032090
TI  - Effect of shiftwork on canteen food purchase.
AB  - Shiftwork has the potential for altering food intake patterns in ways that may be
      unfavorable to health. In two industrial plants in the Australian state of
      Victoria where food had to be brought from home or purchased on the job, the
      effect of shiftwork on food sources as well as the energy density of food items
      was assessed. In the steel plant, employees on the afternoon shift had relatively
      more principal eating occasions on the job than did day or night shift workers.
      The canteen did not cater adequately for the meal needs of employees, who used
      the vending machines to a greater extent when on the afternoon shift than on
      other shifts. In the aluminum plant, workers who depended on food from home alone
      ate relatively less energy-dense foods than did workers who included canteen
      foods in their diets. Use of lower-energy density items was greater on the day
      shift than on the afternoon shift, and in turn was greater on that shift than for
      the night shift. After a one-year nutrition education program, the use of lower
      energy density items increased on the day and night shifts. Thus, it was found
      that food usage could be influenced not only by shiftwork, but also by the food
      facility available on site and by a nutrition education program.

PMID- 4032091
TI  - Fitting relationships between exposure and standardized mortality ratios.
AB  - Practical methods are described for formal fitting of simple (linear)
      relationships between exposures in several subgroups and standardized mortality
      (or morbidity) ratios (SMRs) for these groups, whether derived from a cohort
      study by the person-years method or otherwise. The observed events are assumed to
      have Poisson variation about the fitted relationships. Procedures are outlined
      for obtaining parameter estimates by iterative weighted least squares regression,
      which is not only equivalent to, but also the simplest form of maximum likelihood
      estimation. A test of fit is available in a chi 2 statistic for deviations of
      observed data from "fitted" values. A further test allows one to examine whether
      the SMR at zero exposure is different from unity. The concept of relative slopes
      is discussed, and methods are given for obtaining estimates and confidence
      intervals. Generalizations to more than one exposure, and to quadratic and other
      relationships, are explained. Steps for computing the basic fits are detailed,
      and instructions for adapting packaged computer programs given. Illustrations are
      provided from data of lung cancer SMRs in relation to exposure to asbestos and to
      smoking.

PMID- 4032092
TI  - Risk of encephalopathia among retired solvent-exposed workers. A case-control
      study among males applying for nursing home accommodation or other types of
      social support facilities.

PMID- 4032093
TI  - Occupational and psychosocial stress among commercial aviation pilots.
AB  - The sources of occupational and domestic stress, together with life events and
      coping strategies, were assessed in terms of their influence on job
      dissatisfaction, mental health, and performance among a group of 442 commercial
      airline pilots. It was found that self-perceived poor performance was associated
      with job-related factors such as fatigue and anxiety about required courses,
      performance checks, and insufficient flying time, particularly among older
      pilots. Job dissatisfaction was predicted by lack of career opportunities, poor
      organizational climate and morale, and lack of autonomy at work, together with
      some domestic stressors (e.g., family health). Overall mental ill-health was
      found to be associated with lack of autonomy at work, fatigue, and flying
      patterns, together with an inability to relax and a lack of social support.

PMID- 4032094
TI  - A cohort study of employees of a manufacturing plant using trichlorethylene.
AB  - A prospective study was conducted of 2,646 employees who worked three months or
      more during the period January, 1957, through July, 1983, in a manufacturing
      plant that used trichlorethylene as a degreasing agent throughout the study
      period. Ninety-eight percent of the study cohort were traced; they accounted for
      16,388 person-years of employment and 38,052 person-years of follow-up. Mortality
      experience was found to be generally more favorable than that of the comparable
      segment of the U.S. population over the same period of time. For the white male
      cohort there were fewer deaths than expected from heart disease, cancer, and
      trauma (standard mortality rate for all causes = 0.79, p less than .01). Reports
      by current and former employees of health problems requiring medical treatment
      showed that there were only one third as many persons with heart disease or
      hypertension as were reported in a comparable reference population studied over
      the past five years.

PMID- 4032095
TI  - Temporal properties of visual channels measured by masking.
AB  - Threshold elevations for spatially localized test stimuli were measured as a
      function of the temporal frequency of a sinusoidal mask grating. Ten of these
      temporal-masking curves were determined, each using a test stimulus of different
      temporal frequency. It was found that these data could be accounted for by four
      temporal-tuning curves: one low-pass curve with a corner frequency of 8.0 Hz and
      three bandpass curves with bandwidths of 2.0-2.5 octaves and peaks all within the
      region 4.0-8.0 Hz. In another set of experiments, a series of 1 spatial-masking
      curves was determined, each using a test stimulus of different spatial frequency.
      Measurement of the entire series was repeated using 1.0- and 8.0-Hz mask temporal
      modulations. Spatial-masking data collected under the two temporal conditions
      could both be accounted for by a single set of seven spatial-tuning curves,
      without changing the shape of any of these curves. The data are therefore
      compatible with spatiotemporal separability. Finally, a large set of contrast
      response curves (threshold elevation as a function of mask contrast) was
      collected. These curves were found to follow a power law whose exponent varied
      with the spatiotemporal conditions of the experiment.

PMID- 4032096
TI  - Accommodation-dependent model of the human eye with aspherics.
AB  - We consider a schematic human eye with four centered aspheric surfaces. We show
      that by introducing recent experimental average measurements of cornea and lens
      into the Gullstrand-Le Grand model, the average spherical aberration of the
      actual eye is predicted without any shape fitting. The chromatic dispersions are
      adjusted to fit the experimentally observed chromatic aberration of the eye. The
      polychromatic point-spread function and modulation transfer function are
      calculated for several pupil diameters and show good agreement with previous
      experimental results. Finally, from this schematic eye an accommodation-dependent
      model is proposed that reproduces the increment of refractive power of the eye
      during accommodation. The variation of asphericity with accommodation is also
      introduced in the model and the resulting optical performance studied.

PMID- 4032097
TI  - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

PMID- 4032098
TI  - Eliminating pharmacists' calls.

PMID- 4032099
TI  - Production and utilization of physicians in Oklahoma.

PMID- 4032100
TI  - Age-related changes in articular cartilage proteoglycans: electron microscopic
      studies.
AB  - Biochemical and biophysical studies have demonstrated that proteoglycan monomers
      from immature and adult articular cartilage differ in composition and size. To
      investigate the structural basis of age-related differences in articular
      cartilage proteoglycan monomers and aggregates, we isolated and purified high
      buoyant density proteoglycans from the articular cartilages of 2- to 3-month-old
      calves and 18-month-old steers. The molecular architecture and dimensions of the
      proteoglycans were examined using the electron microscope monolayer method.
      Aggregated and nonaggregated monomers from calf cartilage were longer and less
      variable in length than the corresponding monomers from steer articular
      cartilage. Calf monomer lengths had unimodal frequency distributions whereas
      nonaggregated steer monomer lengths had a bimodal distribution. These
      observations were confirmed by acrylamide-agarose electrophoresis, which
      demonstrated that the samples contained only one species of proteoglycan monomer
      in calf but two species in steer. In addition, calf aggregated monomers had
      longer thin segments indicating that calf and steer monomers differed in
      structure as well as in size. Steer proteoglycan aggregates were shorter and had
      fewer monomers than those from calf. These observations demonstrate the existence
      of significant age-related structural differences in articular cartilage
      proteoglycans and form the basis for future study of the mechanisms responsible
      for these differences.

PMID- 4032101
TI  - Effects of spinal fusion on the proteoglycans of the canine intervertebral disc.
AB  - Posterior lumbar two-level spinal fusion was undertaken in 10 mature beagles. The
      animals were sacrificed 6 and 12 months later. Two months before sacrifice
      control and experimental animals received intravenously Na2(35)SO4 (1 mCi/kg).
      Discs encompassed by the fusion and those adjacent to it were dissected into the
      nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus (AF), which were analysed separately.
      Proteoglycans (PGs) were extracted with 4.0 M guanidine HCl and purified by CsCl
      density gradient ultracentrifugation. The hydrodynamic size and ability of the PG
      subunits to aggregate in the presence of hyaluronic acid were investigated by
      Sepharose CL-2B chromatography. The PG subunits were analysed for their
      galactosamine (galN), glucosamine (glcN), hexuronic acid, and protein content or
      were subjected to digestion with papain or chondroitin-ABC-lyase to establish the
      size of the chondroitin (CS) and keratan (KS) sulphate chains and the KS-PG core
      protein complex. Decreased ability to aggregate of PGs isolated from discs 6 and
      12 months after surgery was demonstrated. While their hydrodynamic size after 6
      months was generally the same or smaller than those in control tissues, the PG
      population present after 12 months was larger, particularly in the AF. Analysis
      of PG subunits from fusion discs afforded galN/glcN, galN/protein, and hexuronic
      acid/protein ratios that were compatible with the presence in these tissues of
      PGs in which the proportion of CS attached to core protein was greater than in
      control tissues. These studies provide the first experimental evidence that a
      metabolic response of discs in a fused segment may be accompanied by the
      biosynthesis of a new PG population whose structure is similar to that present in
      immature tissues.

PMID- 4032102
TI  - Biomechanical time-tolerance of fresh cadaveric human spine specimens.
AB  - Changes in the biomechanical properties of fresh cadaveric spinal specimens due
      to long-term freeze storage and long test periods have been investigated. Fresh
      cadaveric specimens were divided into three groups: Group A specimens were tested
      fresh on the 1st day and 13 subsequent days; Group B specimens were tested on the
      1st day, frozen in sealed bags at -18 degrees C for 21 days, and tested for 13
      consecutive days after thawing; and Group C specimens were frozen for up to 232
      days and tested for 14 consecutive days after thawing. We could not find any
      significant differences between the behavior of the three test groups. This
      implies that freezing and storage, even for long periods, do not significantly
      alter the physical properties of cadaveric spinal specimens. Concerning the
      differences observed on a daily basis, the mean value of the maximum displacement
      for the 1st day did not differ significantly from the corresponding mean value
      for the 13 consecutive days. This was true for all three groups, although there
      was some indication that the fresh group specimens showed greater variation than
      the two frozen groups.

PMID- 4032103
TI  - Evidence for different sources of stress-generated potentials in wet and dry
      bone.
AB  - Physiologically moist bone and dry bone behave differently when tested for
      electrical response to cantilever bending. To characterize this difference more
      precisely, voltages were generated in the same specimen in each of the two states
      via the same testing procedure--changing the electrode-to-force distance by
      moving the electrodes and holding the force position constant. In the dry state,
      a non-systematic pattern of voltages versus electrode position was generated. In
      the wet state, a linear relationship was found. Furthermore, the sign of the
      concave positive regions reversed to concave negative on wetting the specimen.
      The implication is that different electromechanical transduction mechanisms are
      involved in the wet and dry cases. The dominant mechanism in the wet case is
      taken to be the streaming potential rather than piezoelectricity.

PMID- 4032104
TI  - Monitoring the healing of a tibial osteotomy in the rabbit treated with external
      fixation.
AB  - Fracture site axial rigidity was monitored non-destructively at weekly intervals
      during healing of tibial osteotomies in adult rabbits. Two groups of 20 rabbits
      each were treated with external fixators of two different rigidities. Four
      animals from each group were killed at 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks to determine the
      bending moments at failure of the healing fractures. Normal fracture healing was
      accompanied by characteristic phases in the development of fracture site axial
      rigidity. From 0 to 3 weeks there was a period of low and approximately constant
      rigidity, followed by a linear increase during 3 to 5 weeks to an approximately
      three to four times greater rigidity. The maximum average normalized axial
      rigidities were reached at 6 weeks and were 57% (high rigidity group) and 77%
      (low rigidity group) of the untreated contralateral controls. The maximum average
      normalized failure moments occurred at 8 weeks and were 48% (high rigidity) and
      44% (low rigidity) of controls. The differences due to fixator rigidity were not
      statistically significant except for a large increase in failure moments at 3
      weeks for the low rigidity group. Axial rigidities were correlated (r2 = 0.74 and
      0.53, respectively) with failure moments, but only during the first 6 weeks. The
      monitoring technique provides a nondestructive means for following the
      biomechanical progress of fracture healing in an animal model. The occurrence of
      the characteristic increase in fracture site axial rigidity at 3 to 5 weeks can
      also be used to distinguish between normal and abnormal healing.

PMID- 4032105
TI  - Parametric analyses of pin-bone stresses in external fracture fixation devices.
AB  - Problems occurring in the use of external fixators for bone fractures include pin
      bone interface necrosis, infection, and loosening. These may be initiated and
      enhanced by pin-bone interface stress levels. Based on stress data from finite
      element method (FEM) models, an analytical "closed-form" model of the local pin
      bone configuration in long-bone fracture fixation is developed. This model is
      relatively simple and useful for routine applications in combination with
      clinical studies and animal experiments. Although approximate, the most
      significant stress predictions in the pin-bone structure compare well with more
      sophisticated FEM analysis results. The analytical model is used for extensive
      parametric analyses, investigating the effects on the pin-bone interface stress
      distribution of frame configuration parameters, pin diameter and modulus, bone
      dimensions, and elastic characteristics. The results indicate that these stresses
      may reach very high levels under unfavorable circumstances but can be drastically
      reduced by increasing the bending rigidity of the pin, reducing the side-bar
      separation and applying full-pin configuration in favor of half-pins.

PMID- 4032106
TI  - Repeatability of phasic muscle activity: performance of surface and intramuscular
      wire electrodes in gait analysis.
AB  - Repeatability is an important consideration for gait analysis data that are being
      used as an adjunct to clinical decision making. An index of repeatability may be
      based on a statistical criterion (variance ratio) that reflects similarity of
      wave forms over a number of identical cycles. The purpose of this study was to
      use the variance ratio to assess the repeatability of phasic muscle activity
      recorded with surface and bipolar intramuscular wire electrodes during gait on 10
      normal subjects. Variance ratios were calculated using rectified and smoothed
      electromyographic data recorded simultaneously from the two types of electrodes.
      Three measures of repeatability (reproducibility, reliability, and constancy-
      defined as the cycle-to-cycle, run-to-run, and day-to-day repeatability of phasic
      muscle activity) were used to compare the performance of the two electrode
      techniques. Results show that the reproducibility and reliability were better for
      surface electrodes than for intramuscular wire electrodes, and constancy was good
      for surface electrodes and poor for intramuscular wire electrodes. Repeatability
      improved with increasing smoothing window lengths but was better for surface
      electrodes than wire electrodes, irrespective of the smoothing window. This study
      indicates that surface electrode data represent a more consistent measure of
      activity of superficial muscles, if comparisons are to be made between gait data
      from different test days.

PMID- 4032107
TI  - Stress analyses of joint arthroplasty in the proximal humerus.
AB  - Finite element stress analyses were performed on the proximal humerus before and
      after the simulated implantation of stemmed, metallic prosthetic components with
      porous sintered surfaces for direct bony attachment. Design geometries with
      surfaces at the prosthetic head/bone interface that were (a) convex, (b) flat,
      and (c) concave were studied. Analyses for each of the three geometries were
      conducted to reflect (a) bone ingrowth on all the prosthesis/bone surfaces and
      (b) bone ingrowth only along the underside of the prosthetic humeral head
      (assuming the stem was not coated with a porous material). Three loading
      conditions were used to model various degrees of abduction of the arm. Results
      indicated that in the normal humerus the compressive joint forces are transmitted
      from the articular surface through cancellous bone to the inferior cortical
      shell. Contraction of the rotator cuff muscles created tensile stresses in the
      superolateral cancellous bone and the superior cortical shell of the humerus.
      Results of the implanted humeral component models indicated that the use of a
      prosthesis with bone ingrowth along the stem would cause marked stress shielding
      proximally whereas the use of implants with porous ingrowth only on the underside
      of the humeral head replacement produced stress fields more similar to the normal
      humerus. The convex, flat, and concave surfaces provided similar load transfer
      from the component to the underlying bone in all loading cases. Other prosthetic
      head designs that may offer better initial stability produced stress fields
      similar to those of existing prostheses.

PMID- 4032108
TI  - Effects of prosthetic acetabular replacement on strains in the pelvis.
AB  - The effects of cemented acetabular components on the strains in the pelvis were
      determined experimentally. Four components were tested: A plain metal hemisphere;
      a metal hemisphere with a triflange; a hemisphere with an iliac peg; and a
      hemisphere with a complete flange and a peg. Loading was carried out in neutral,
      flexion, and extension directions. The subchondral bone was only slightly reamed,
      and components were cemented and tested successively. For the intact hip joint,
      the strains on the superior acetabular rim were much lower than those on the
      posterior rim. After placement of the components, the tensile strains on the rim
      decreased by 22-54% while the compressive strains increased by 0-25%. The bone on
      the medial inferior surface was subjected to 65% less tensile strain and 48% more
      compressive strain in neutral and extension loading. There were no great
      differences between the four styles of acetabular component.

PMID- 4032109
TI  - Workshop on the bone-joint implant interface.
AB  - A workshop on the bone-implant interface, as related to loosening of total joint
      implants, was held in Chicago on September 14-16, 1983. More than 60 orthopaedic
      clinicians and researchers and basic connective tissue biologists met to review
      problems and potential solutions to joint implant loosening. The following is a
      synopsis of the presentations and discussions.

PMID- 4032110
TI  - [Clinical significance of the subsets of lymphocyte in the peripheral blood of
      the head and neck cancer patients].

PMID- 4032111
TI  - [Histochemical study of the glycoconjugates in human upper airway mucosa].

PMID- 4032112
TI  - [A case of malignant melanoma in the external auditory canal followed by systemic
      vasculitis].

PMID- 4032113
TI  - [Nasal respiratory resistance in healthy adults using oscillation method].

PMID- 4032114
TI  - [Infectious mononucleosis in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 4032116
TI  - [Experimental study of the vibration analysis of the receivers of the bone
      conduction hearing aids by holographic interferometry].

PMID- 4032115
TI  - [Sensori-neural hearing loss due to mumps--non-severe cases].

PMID- 4032117
TI  - [The study of host defense mechanisms of the nose. Third report: absorption of an
      antigen from the nasal mucosa].

PMID- 4032118
TI  - [A Basic study of the deglutition reflex mechanism].

PMID- 4032119
TI  - [Phasic components of isolated frog utricle and the effect of ototoxic drugs].

PMID- 4032120
TI  - [Carcinoma of the tonsil. Analysis of 54 cases].

PMID- 4032121
TI  - [Analysis of the stabilogram using the rolling platform].

PMID- 4032123
TI  - [Effects of infrasound on the human body].

PMID- 4032122
TI  - [Analysis of gaze stabilization during stepping and running].

PMID- 4032124
TI  - The response of small blood vessels in rat skin and skeletal muscle to repeated
      application of histamine: a chemical, topographical and electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - Quantitative studies of increased vascular permeability, employing vascular
      labelling with colloidal carbon and measurement of the rate of escape of
      intravascular 99Tc labelled antimony sulphide (Sb2S3) colloid, show that local
      injection of histamine into the skin or cremaster muscle of rats reduces for a
      period of 6-8 h the leakage induced by a second injection of histamine into the
      same site. Electron microscope studies employing multiple marker particles show
      that individual blood vessels are able to respond to two successive applications
      of histamine, and that the diminished leakage seen after the second injection is
      due to a reduced response of individual vessels and not to leakage from vessels
      unaffected by the first injection. Prior administration of bradykinin does not
      reduce the response to local injection of histamine into rat skin. The result
      suggest that sustained release of histamine is unlikely to be important in the
      production of prolonged increase in vascular permeability in acute inflammation.
      Bradykinin may be involved in such response but the findings provide no evidence
      for its participation.

PMID- 4032125
TI  - The histopathology of the larynx in the neonate following endotracheal
      intubation.
AB  - Subglottic stenosis is the most common serious complication of endotracheal
      intubation in the neonate with an incidence of between 1-8 per cent. While
      considered a complication of traumatic injury to the larynx and possibly
      associated with prolonged intubation, the pathogenesis is poorly understood and
      the pathology has not been described in detail. The nature of intubation induced
      injury has been investigated by examining step-sections of 43 larynges removed
      from neonates post-mortem who had been intubated for periods ranging from 10 min
      to 12 weeks. Focal ulceration was identified in the supraglottis and the anterior
      glottis. Similar injury was seen in the posterior glottis and subglottis but with
      more prolonged intubation there was full thickness mucosal necrosis,
      perichondritis and partial destruction of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages.
      Although the severity of the injury progressed with time and many of the most
      severe injuries occurred early, in the second and third weeks of intubation, the
      larynx usually healed despite the continued presence of the endotracheal tube.
      Prolonged intubation on its own does not appear to be an important factor in the
      production of severe laryngeal injury nor, therefore, the subsequent
      complications such as subglottic stenosis.

PMID- 4032126
TI  - Quantitative and ultrastructural study of Leydig cells in Klinefelter's syndrome.
AB  - This ultrastructural and quantitative study of Leydig cells in Klinefelter's
      syndrome has been performed using the entire testes obtained from four autopsies
      plus testicular biopsies from 20 patients. The total Leydig cell volume per
      testis in Klinefelter's syndrome was similar to that of control testes. However,
      the total number of Leydig cells per testis was significantly lower in the
      patients with Klinefelter's syndrome than in the controls. This may be attributed
      to the Leydig cell hypertrophy that these patients underwent. In patients with
      Klinefelter's syndrome the average volume of each Leydig cell was significantly
      higher than that of the controls. Electron microscopic findings revealed that
      besides ultrastructurally normal Leydig cells there were three other
      morphologically abnormal Leydig cell types: abnormally differentiated cells;
      multivacuolated cells; and immature Leydig cells. The ultrastructurally normal
      Leydig cells were probably the cells principally responsible for testosterone
      biosynthesis in these patients, whereas the other Leydig cell types were probably
      barely or not at all functional. The hypertrophy showed by the ultrastructurally
      normal Leydig cells may be interpreted as an attempt to increase testosterone
      production.

PMID- 4032127
TI  - Lipid in the human gallbladder mucosa. A histochemical study by light and
      electron microscopy.
AB  - The distribution of lipids in the epithelium of 70 gallbladders removed for
      cholecystitis was investigated histochemically. Lipid was demonstrated in 68
      gallbladders--cholesterol and its esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids and
      phospholipids. Neutral lipid was found at the bases of epithelial cells in 90 per
      cent and at the apex in 10 per cent of the gallbladders. Phospholipid was shown
      at the apex of epithelial cells in 64 per cent of the gallbladders. Electron
      microscopy in 12 specimens revealed cholesterol in and between the epithelial
      cells and in the underlying connective tissue.

PMID- 4032128
TI  - The gastro-duodenal epithelium in peptic ulceration.
AB  - Mucosa-related bacteria, intra-epithelial lymphocytes and intra-epithelial
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes have been studied in 35 patients with duodenal
      ulceration, 27 patients with gastric ulceration and eight control subjects with
      normal gastro-duodenal mucosa. Mucosa-related bacteria were found in
      approximately 80 per cent of peptic ulcer patients and rarely in controls. The
      bacteria were most numerous at the sites of active chronic gastritis. There was a
      positive correlation between the number of bacteria and the number of intra
      epithelial polymorphonuclear leucocytes. There was no correlation between the
      peripheral blood white cell count and the number of intra-epithelial
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The number of intra-epithelial lymphocytes was
      increased in peptic ulceration.

PMID- 4032129
TI  - Defective humoral immunity in pediatric acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Specific antibody production was assessed in six young children with the acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). All patients were immunized with bacteriophage
      phi X 174, a T cell-dependent neoantigen. In addition, antibody responses to
      pneumococcal vaccine and tetanus toxoid, lymphocyte responses to mitogens, and
      serum immunoglobulin levels were determined. Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia
      was documented in three patients. Responses to bacteriophage phi X 174 were
      abnormal in all patients: primary responses were blunted, secondary responses
      were markedly decreased, and the class switch (IgM-IgG) was absent in five of six
      patients. Antibody formation to pneumococcal vaccine and tetanus toxoid was also
      diminished. Lymphocyte mitogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A,
      pokeweed mitogen, and staphylococcal Cowan A were generally decreased. These
      findings confirm that pediatric patients with AIDS have significant abnormalities
      in humoral immunity. Dysfunction of both T cells and B cells plays a role in the
      resultant poor specific antibody production.

PMID- 4032131
TI  - Pulse oximetry in pediatric intensive care: comparison with measured saturations
      and transcutaneous oxygen tension.
AB  - We evaluated a new pulse oximeter designed to monitor beat-to-beat arterial
      oxygen saturation (SaO2) and compared the monitored SaO2 with arterial samples
      measured by co-oximetry. In 40 critically ill children (112 data sets) with a
      mean age of 3.9 years (range 1 day to 19 years), SaO2 ranged from 57% to 100%,
      and PaO2 from 27 to 128 mm Hg, heart rates from 85 to 210 beats per minute,
      hematocrit from 20% to 67%, and fetal hemoglobin levels from 1.3% to 60%;
      peripheral temperatures varied between 26.5 degrees and 36.5 degrees C. Linear
      correlation analysis revealed a good agreement between simultaneous pulse
      oximeter values and both directly measured SaO2 (r = 0.95) and that calculated
      from measured arterial PaO2 (r = 0.95). The device detected several otherwise
      unrecognized drops in SaO2 but failed to function in four patients with poor
      peripheral perfusion secondary to low cardiac output. Simultaneous measurements
      with a tcPO2 electrode showed a similarly good correlation with PaO22 (r = 0.91),
      but the differences between the two measurements were much wider (mean 7.1 +/-
      10.3 mm Hg, range -14 to +49 mm Hg) than the differences between pulse oximeter
      SaO2 and measured SaO2 (1.5% +/- 3.5%, range -7.5% to -9%) and were not
      predictable. We conclude that pulse oximetry is a reliable and accurate
      noninvasive device for measuring saturation, which because of its rapid response
      time may be an important advance in monitoring changes in oxygenation and guiding
      oxygen therapy.

PMID- 4032130
TI  - Effect of diet and controlled exercise on weight loss in obese children.
AB  - The effects of adding exercise to diet for weight control in obese children were
      evaluated by randomizing obese girls to one of two groups: diet and diet plus
      exercise. During the first 6 weeks of the treatment, children exercised in a
      supervised three times a week exercise program, in which they walked or ran 3
      miles. Significant decreases from baseline weight and in percent overweight were
      observed for both groups during the year of treatment. Significant decreases in
      percent overweight were observed at 0 to 2 months and then at 2 to 6 months for
      the children who were exercising, whereas percent overweight in children in the
      diet-alone group decreased only from 0 to 2 months. In addition, a significant
      improvement in fitness was observed only for children in the diet plus exercise
      group.

PMID- 4032132
TI  - Discontinuation of bee venom immunotherapy in children and adolescents.
AB  - Sixty-six patients with a history of systemic allergy reactions to bee stings,
      positive skin prick test to less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml bee venom,
      and positive radioallergosorbent test (RAST) results were given venom
      immunotherapy. IgE and IgG antibodies to bee venom were measured by RAST and
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA), respectively. IgE and IgG anti-bee
      venom levels rose initially, but subsequently fell during immunotherapy. In 31
      patients in whom specific IgE fell to low (less than 6% counts bound) or
      unmeasurable levels, immunotherapy was discontinued, and sting challenge was
      carried out 1 to 3 years later. All patients tolerated sting challenge well. The
      specific IgE and IgG antibody levels did not change significantly after treatment
      was stopped. Our data suggest that hyposensitization treatment can be stopped
      when specific IgE serum concentrations have fallen to low or unmeasurable levels
      and specific IgG antibody values are maintained, and that in a considerable
      number of patients venom immunotherapy has a lasting therapeutic and immunologic
      effect.

PMID- 4032133
TI  - Age-related alterations in immunoreactive pancreatic lipase and cationic
      trypsinogen in young children with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Serum immunoreactive pancreatic lipase and cationic trypsinogen are elevated in
      young infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and may be useful neonatal screening
      tests for CF. We compared lipase measured by a recently developed ELISA
      immunoassay with trypsinogen measured by radioimmunoassay in 70 children (ages
      0.1 to 9.9 years) with CF who had various degrees of pancreatic dysfunction and
      in 79 similarly aged children without CF (controls). In the control children,
      lipase activity increased with advancing age, whereas trypsinogen showed no age
      related trend. Lipase and trypsinogen were significantly elevated in the infants
      with CF who were younger than 1 year, irrespective of pancreatic function
      (trypsinogen, P less than 0.001; lipase, P less than 0.05). Sensitivities in
      detecting CF were 76% and 90% for lipase and trypsinogen, respectively. After the
      first year of life, lipase and trypsinogen values declined toward normal, the
      rate of decline of lipase being greater than that of trypsinogen; 67% of lipase
      values were within or below the normal range by 3 years, whereas 67% of
      trypsinogen values continued to be elevated. We conclude that trypsinogen is an
      excellent screening test for CF in young infants regardless of pancreatic
      function, and that the addition of a serum pancreatic lipase determination does
      not improve the accuracy of trypsinogen as a screening test for cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4032134
TI  - Pseudomonas cepacia colonization in patients with cystic fibrosis: risk factors
      and clinical outcome.
AB  - During the period of 1979 to 1983, 38 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) at the
      CF center of St. Christopher's Hospital for Children in Pennsylvania developed
      respiratory tract colonization with Pseudomonas cepacia. Seventeen (45%) of the
      patients with colonization died. Yearly incidence rates of P. cepacia
      colonization fluctuated between 1.3% and 6.1%, suggesting an endemic phenomenon.
      Case-control studies showed that severe underlying CF, use of aminoglycosides,
      and having a sibling with CF and P. cepacia colonization were significant risk
      factors for P. cepacia colonization. Once colonized with P. cepacia, patients
      with CF were likely to be hospitalized longer (P = 0.008) and to die sooner (P =
      0.0001) than control patients with CF. Environmental and microbiologic studies
      did not identify a common source or mode of transmission of P. cepacia among
      patients. The results of this investigation suggest that P. cepacia colonization
      of patients with CF was endemic in the hospital, occurred more frequently in
      those with severe disease, and was associated with adverse clinical outcome.

PMID- 4032135
TI  - Octanoic acidemia and octanoylcarnitine excretion with dicarboxylic aciduria due
      to defective oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids.
AB  - Five patients aged 7 to 21 months are described who developed attacks of coma
      after a short prodromal illness with diarrhea or vomiting or both. Four had
      concomitant hypoglycemia, and all had hypoketonemia, with excessive urinary
      excretion of medium-chain dicarboxylic acids, medium-chain (omega-1)
      hydroxyacids, suberylglycine, hexanoylglycine, and octanoylcarnitine. All
      patients accumulated octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and cis-4-decenoic acid in
      plasma. Fibroblasts from three patients showed a decreased rate of octanoate
      oxidation (10%, 12%, and 29% of control values, respectively). These findings
      suggest a deficiency of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, most probably an
      autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder. Two of the patients died during
      an acute attack, and a third had severe neurologic sequelae; the two remaining
      patients recovered. Plasma free carnitine levels were low, but total carnitine
      was normal. The three surviving patients underwent a fasting test, which did not
      lead to hypoglycemia, although hypoketonemia, dicarboxylic aciduria, and
      excessive mobilization of fatty acids did occur. The surviving patients were
      maintained on frequent carbohydrate-enriched meals.

PMID- 4032136
TI  - Symptomatic hypomagnesemia in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4032137
TI  - Fortified mothers' milk for very low birth weight infants: results of growth and
      nutrient balance studies.
AB  - Mothers' milk, fortified daily with skim and cream components derived from mature
      donor human milk, was fed fresh during the first 2 postnatal months to 18 (group
      FMM) healthy, very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Following the same feeding
      protocol, 16 additional VLBW infants were fed commercial formula that had a
      similar range of energy and nitrogen. Infants were evaluated for growth,
      metabolizable energy, balances of nitrogen and fat, and biochemical markers of
      nutritional status. Growth measurements from birth to 1800 gm were similar in the
      two groups. Nutritional balance was performed at approximately 2.5 (first study
      period) and 6 (second study period) weeks. Metabolizable energy (average 109
      kcal/kg/day) was similar in both groups and met theoretical needs of the growing
      VLBW infant. Apparent nitrogen retention was similar and equivalent to estimates
      of intrauterine nitrogen accretion (approximately 325 mg/kg/day). Fat absorption
      increased from the first (70% of intake) to the second study (80% of intake) and
      was similar in both groups. Serum values for albumin, total protein, prealbumin,
      hemoglobin, and creatinine were also similar, and declined with increases in
      postnatal age. Significant differences were observed between feeding groups for
      serum phosphorus and calcium. These results indicate that healthy VLBW infants
      maintain adequate growth and macronutrient balance for the first 2 months
      postnatally when fed mothers' milk fortified with additional skim and cream
      components.

PMID- 4032138
TI  - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: arterial structural changes and persistent
      pulmonary hypertension after surgical repair.
AB  - Some infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia who die after surgical
      correction have a transient postoperative period during which systemic
      oxygenation is adequate (honeymoon period), whereas others have persistent
      hypoxemia. Using morphometric techniques, we analyzed lung structure, especially
      the arterial bed, in seven infants who died within 1 week of surgical repair.
      Three infants comprised the honeymoon group, the PaO2 transiently being greater
      than 150 mm Hg in the descending aorta (FiO2 1.0); four infants comprised the no
      honeymoon group and never had PaO2 greater than 85 mm Hg. All lungs were
      hypoplastic for age; with one exception, infants in the no-honeymoon group had
      smaller lungs. Arterial structure in the no-honeymoon group contributed to a
      greater reduction in pulmonary arterial cross-sectional area. Each infant in the
      no-honeymoon group had muscularization of intra-acinar arteries and failure of
      perinatal increase in compliance of small preacinar arteries, features not seen
      in the honeymoon group or in the normal newborn infant. In addition, compared
      with the honeymoon group, luminal area of preacinar and intra-acinar arteries in
      the no-honeymoon group was decreased by reduced external diameter or increased
      medial thickness. Clinical deterioration in the honeymoon group is based on a
      vasoconstrictive response of the hypoplastic vascular bed. Persistent hypoxemia
      in the no-honeymoon group is based on both severity of pulmonary hypoplasia and
      structural remodeling of the pulmonary arteries.

PMID- 4032139
TI  - Oral breathing in newborn infants.
AB  - Newborn infants are considered obligate nasal breathers, hence dependent on a
      patent nasal airway for ventilation. The conditions under which oral breathing
      could occur and the contribution of oral ventilation to total ventilation were
      studied in 30 healthy term infants (aged 1 to 3 days). Nasal and oral airflow
      were measured using two resistance-matched pneumotachometers, and heart rate,
      tcPO2, etCO2, and sleep state were continuously recorded. In three of 10 infants
      studied in undisturbed sleep, spontaneous oronasal breathing was noted during
      both active and quiet sleep (mean duration 19 +/- 25 minutes), the distribution
      of tidal volume being 70% +/- 12% nasal and 30% +/- 12% oral. Episodes of
      oronasal breathing were also observed after crying in six infants (mean duration
      21 +/- 19 seconds). In an additional 20 infants, multiple 15-second end
      expiratory nasal occlusions were performed; eight (40%) of these infants
      initiated and sustained oral breathing in response to nasal occlusion.
      Respiratory rate, tidal volume, heart rate, and tcPO2 did not change when oral
      breathing occurred in response to nasal occlusion, although minute ventilation
      decreased from 265 to 199 ml/min/kg (P less than 0.05). These results demonstrate
      that newborn infants may use the oral airway for ventilation, both spontaneously
      and in response to complete nasal occlusion.

PMID- 4032140
TI  - Mineral balance during nutritional supplementation in adolescents with Crohn
      disease and growth failure.
AB  - The adaptive response of whole body mineral metabolism and collagen turnover to
      nutritional supplementation was determined in adolescent males with Crohn disease
      and growth failure. Body calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and nitrogen status was
      characterized in six patients before and after 3 weeks of nutritional
      supplementation and in five healthy age- and sex-matched controls by the
      metabolic balance technique; collagen turnover was assessed by urinary
      hydroxyproline excretion. Fecal calcium (P less than 0.05), magnesium (P less
      than 0.01), and nitrogen (P less than 0.01) losses were significantly greater in
      the Crohn disease patients compared with the controls; after dietary
      supplementation, only fecal magnesium excretion increased further (P less than
      0.001). Approximately twofold increases in phosphorus (P less than 0.001),
      nitrogen (P less than 0.02), and calcium (P less than 0.05) retention occurred
      with nutritional supplementation, whereas the marked renal conservation of
      phosphorus (P less than 0.001) suggested that this mineral was a limiting
      nutrient. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion was reduced (P less than 0.05)
      compared with the control values; however, with nutritional supplementation,
      urinary hydroxyproline excretion increased significantly (P less than 0.02),
      suggesting that the soluble fraction of tissue collagen was rapidly turning over
      during nutritional rehabilitation. These findings suggest that the mineral
      deficiencies present in adolescents with Crohn disease and growth failure can be
      reversed with nutritional supplementation. Furthermore, the improvement in
      nutritional status is reflected in the restoration of collagen-containing tissues
      of the body. However, nutrient imbalances may be present during nutritional
      therapy, thereby preventing optimal recovery from malnutrition.

PMID- 4032141
TI  - Are adolescents able and willing to pay the fee for confidential health care?
AB  - We studied the ability and willingness of adolescents attending a suburban-based
      Adolescent Health Service to pay a fee for health care. Self-administered,
      anonymous questionnaires were distributed to 180 predominantly middle-class
      adolescent patients prior to the establishment of a fee-for-service payment plan.
      One hundred sixty-five respondents planned to continue as patients of the
      Adolescent Health Service; of these, 155 (94%) indicated that they would be able
      and willing to pay a fee. All of the 155 respondents indicated they could pay $5
      per visit, two thirds could pay as much as $10, half could pay $15, and one fifth
      could pay $20 or more. Sources of fee money would be job earnings, a friend,
      allowance, and savings; 75% of respondents planned to pay without any help from
      parents. Analysis revealed few significant correlates of ability and willingness
      to pay with demographic, socioeconomic, and attitudinal factors. These data
      demonstrate that, although few of these middle-class adolescent patients
      indicated that they were able and willing to pay a full fee of $20 or more, most
      were able and willing to pay more than a token amount for health care.

PMID- 4032142
TI  - Bloody nipple discharge in infants.

PMID- 4032143
TI  - Spasmus nutans as a presenting sign of diencephalic syndrome.

PMID- 4032144
TI  - Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4032145
TI  - Hepatic encephalopathy after portacaval shunt.

PMID- 4032146
TI  - Serotonin and distribution of radiocarbon from D-[14C-U]-glucose in Schistosoma
      mansoni.
AB  - Following a 60 min in vitro incubation of Schistosoma mansoni with D-[14C-U]
      glucose 76% of the radiocarbon was incorporated into metabolic end products and
      excreted back into the medium. In the presence of 5-HT uptake of glucose
      increased 61%; excreted end products accounted for 87% of the radiocarbon,
      indicating increased levels of energy utilization. Substantial amounts of
      radiolabelled carbon from D-[14C-U-]-glucose were incorporated into glycogen,
      lipids, amino acids and proteins, suggesting the utilization of glucose carbon in
      the biosynthetic processes of the parasite. Incorporation of glucose carbon was
      diminished in the presence of 5-HT, indicating the priority of energy generation
      over biosynthesis to meet the demands of increased muscular activity.

PMID- 4032147
TI  - Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli Tejera, 1920: mouse model for high, sustained
      parasitemia.
AB  - The Neotropical mammalian parasite Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli Tejera, 1920
      is difficult to study due to the scarcity of blood forms in the vertebrate host.
      High and persistent parasitemias (up to 7 times the original inoculum at the
      peak, and persisting for up to 2 wk) were obtained by i.p. inoculation of infant
      (6.0 g) male white mice (NMRI strain) with 15 X 10(3) trypomastigotes/g body
      weight from 12-day-old cultures of the "Dog-82" strain of T. rangeli. This strain
      was cultured 15 mo at ambient temperature in LIT medium, modified by substituting
      defibrinated adult rabbit blood for fetal calf serum. These results underlined
      the importance of host age and time of culture of the parasite as factors
      influencing levels of parasitemia. The abrupt decline in the parasitemias may be
      due to an early development of a strong immunological response. Negative
      xenodiagnoses with Rhodnius prolixus may be due either to sterile immunity in the
      host mice, or to the low susceptibility of the strain of Rhodnius used.
      Concurrent experiments established that the T. rangeli strain was not naturally
      contaminated with T. cruzi.

PMID- 4032149
TI  - Completion of Schistosoma mansoni life cycle in thyroidectomized rats and effects
      of thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
AB  - The survival and maturation of Schistosoma mansoni worms was analyzed in normal,
      thyroidectomized (Thyrox), and hormone-restored Thyrox rats. Restoration therapy
      was conducted with both T3 and T4; weight gain of treated rats was monitored to
      assess hormone-replacement efficacy. Worm yields, lengths, and sex-ratios were
      compared. Egg yields and the capacity of miracidia to hatch from eggs were also
      analyzed. The results of these studies support the conclusion that the sequence
      of steps leading to completion of the S. mansoni life cycle are operational in
      Thyrox rats. Hormone-treated Thyrox rats are restored to the nonpermissive
      status, although the worms isolated from these rats still differ in certain
      respects when compared to worms isolated from normal rats.

PMID- 4032148
TI  - Subcellular fractionation of Hymenolepis diminuta with special reference to the
      localization of marker enzymes.
AB  - A method for subcellular fractionation of Hymenolepis diminuta using whole worm
      homogenization and differential centrifugation is presented. Different fractions
      obtained in this study were screened for the presence of enzymes that serve as
      markers for plasma membrane, brush border, mitochondria, Golgi complex,
      endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, lysosomes and cytosol. The purity of
      fractions was also monitored by transmission electron microscopy. The purity of
      fractions, particularly the brush border membranes, are compared to those
      obtained by previous methods for H. diminuta or other tissues.

PMID- 4032150
TI  - Taxonomy and distribution of a Crassicauda species (Nematoda: Spirurida)
      infecting the kidney of the common fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus Linne, 1758).
AB  - Nematode parasites were found in the kidney of common fin whales (Balaenoptera
      physalus Linne, 1758) captured in the North Atlantic Ocean (Denmark Strait area).
      These were identified as Crassicauda boopis Baylis, 1920, on the basis of
      morphologic and morphometric descriptions of this species' posterior end. The
      cephalic end of this parasite was described for the first time, however, and was
      indistinguishable from that of Crassicauda pacifica Margolis and Pike, 1955, a
      species whose posterior portion is unknown. It was also found that the eggs,
      size, host, and site of infection of both C. boopis and C. pacifica are
      indistinguishable. This established the synonymy of C. boopis with the more
      recently named taxon, C. pacifica. In light of previous descriptions of
      Crassicauda infections in balaenopterids, this implied that C. boopis should at
      present be considered a renal parasite of fin whales, and perhaps other rorquals,
      throughout the world's oceans.

PMID- 4032151
TI  - In vitro development of Strongylus edentatus to the fourth larval stage with
      notes on Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus equinus.
AB  - Strongylus edentatus was successfully cultured in vitro to the fourth larval
      stage (L4). Some growth continued for periods of 40-50 days at which time
      reductions in viability were observed in some of the culture systems tested.
      Various combinations of media, sera, buffers and organ explant cultures were
      tested. All cultures were incubated at 37 C in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5%
      CO2. Larvae underwent growth and differentiation to the L4 in all medium-serum
      combinations with and without organ explant cultures. Development and growth did
      occur but viability was reduced to insignificant levels in media without serum or
      cells. Optimal growth, differentiation, and longevity were observed in
      bicarbonate buffered RPMI-1640 containing 10% fetal calf serum and gerbil
      (Meriones unguiculatus) cecum explant cultures. Observations indicated that
      Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus equinus also developed to the L4 stage using
      similar techniques. However, viability of S. vulgaris L4 was markedly limited.
      Specific morphological changes marked phases of development of S. edentatus,
      categorized as early, middle and late third stage, third molt and early fourth
      stage. Strongylus equinus appeared to follow the same developmental pattern in
      vitro as S. edentatus. Distinct differences in morphological features during
      differentiation were observed between S. edentatus and S. vulgaris.

PMID- 4032152
TI  - The spermatogenesis of Dictyocaulus filaria (Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea).
AB  - A cytological study was carried out, using male Dictyocaulus filaria, that
      revealed the diploid number of chromosomes was 2n = 11 and the sex determining
      mechanism was XO. The behaviour of the chromosomes in the different stages of
      meiosis was also investigated. Cross, open ring and rod bivalents were observed
      in diakinesis. The chromosomes appeared to be acrocentric since they acquired a
      radial disposition in Metaphase-II. The chiasma frequency was 1 and the nucleolus
      organizing region was located at the ends of the chromosomes.

PMID- 4032153
TI  - Prevalence of Setaria equina (Nematode: Onchocercidae) in southeastern Louisiana
      horses.

PMID- 4032154
TI  - Relationship between skin-sensitizing antibody production in the snowshoe hare,
      Lepus americanus, and infestations by the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis
      leporispalustris (Acari: Ixodidae).

PMID- 4032155
TI  - Immunization with purified antigens protects mice from lethal infection with
      Trichinella spiralis.

PMID- 4032156
TI  - The life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni under germ free conditions.

PMID- 4032157
TI  - Compliance issues in 1985.

PMID- 4032158
TI  - Structure of products prepared by freeze-drying solutions containing organic
      solvents.

PMID- 4032159
TI  - Vertical transmission of HBV hepatitis to fetuses and infants: current advances
      in prevention.

PMID- 4032160
TI  - Specificity of human milk bile salt-stimulated lipase.

PMID- 4032161
TI  - Intestinal permeability.

PMID- 4032162
TI  - Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B virus infection by hepatitis B
      immunoglobulin immunoprophylaxis: an account of 201 newborn babies of hepatitis
      Bs antigen carrier mothers.
AB  - Of 5,327 pregnant women who were screened between July 1981 and July 1983, 5.2%
      were found to be hepatitis Bs antigen (HBsAg) carriers. This high percentage of
      carriers accentuates the importance of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus
      in our area. In view of this we sought to verify the effectiveness of hyperimmune
      immunoglobulins in the prevention of infection. We studied 201 babies born to
      HBsAg-positive mothers. These babies had regular checkups until 12 months of age.
      One hundred forty-nine received prophylactic hyperimmune globulin (two to seven
      doses according to risk ranking), while 52 did not. A higher percentage of
      infection was found in the babies who had no prophylaxis (25%) than in the babies
      who had prophylaxis (7.4%). Furthermore, hepatitis appeared earlier (from the 2nd
      to the 6th month) in the babies who had no prophylaxis than in the babies who had
      prophylaxis (from the 9th to the 12th month). No infection was observed during
      prophylaxis or up to 6 months.

PMID- 4032163
TI  - Elevated serum gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in children with Reye's syndrome.
AB  - Elevated serum levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a potent inhibitory
      neurotransmitter, have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic
      encephalopathy. In this study, serum GABA levels were measured in five children
      with severe Reye's syndrome, 10 children with acute viral hepatitis, and seven
      healthy volunteers. Serum GABA levels were highest in the five Reye's syndrome
      patients. The mean serum GABA level for the Reye's syndrome group (3.0 +/- 1.3
      microM, mean +/- SEM) was significantly elevated as compared to the mean of the
      viral hepatitis group (0.72 +/- 0.07 microM, p less than 0.05) and the healthy
      volunteers (0.38 +/- 0.04 microM, p less than 0.05). These results provide
      preliminary evidence to suggest that elevated serum GABA levels may in part be
      responsible for the encephalopathic state observed in children with Reye's
      syndrome.

PMID- 4032164
TI  - Platelet-monoamine oxidase activity in Reye's syndrome.
AB  - Platelet and liver monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (mean +/- SD) was evaluated
      in patients with liver-biopsy-proven Reye's syndrome. MAO was measured by a
      radioenzymatic technique with [3H]tyramine as a substrate. A marked decrease in
      MAO activity [3.3 +/- 2.4 nmol of [3H]4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid formed X (mg
      protein)-1 X h-1] was observed in platelets on admission in all patients (n = 13)
      with Reye's syndrome when compared with hospitalized patients without liver
      disease (n = 8) [9.8 +/- 2.5 nmol of [3H]4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid formed X (mg
      protein)-1 X h-1] and with liver disease (n = 10) [9.1 +/- 2.0 nmol of [3H]4
      hydroxyphenylacetic acid formed X (mg protein)-1 X h-1]. Following recovery from
      the disease, platelet MAO approached levels that were not significantly different
      from those of controls. Contrastingly, reduction of hepatic MAO in Reye's
      syndrome was similar to that seen in patients with liver disease of different
      etiologies. These studies suggest that reduced platelet MAO activity is a
      specific abnormality in Reye's syndrome, and it may be representative of
      generalized impairment of mitochondrial function in these patients. Furthermore,
      the pattern of liver and platelet MAO activity in Reye's syndrome may allow for
      the differentiation of this disease from other hepatopathologic conditions.

PMID- 4032165
TI  - Intrahepatic biliary tract abnormalities in children with corrected extrahepatic
      biliary atresia.
AB  - Three children with surgically corrected extrahepatic biliary atresia developed
      recurrent cholangitis associated with bile lakes that failed to drain via the
      hepatoportoenterostomy. Surgical or percutaneous drainage of these cysts was
      followed by both resolution of the infection and spontaneous internal drainage.
      We postulate that the ongoing inflammatory process resulted in intrahepatic
      biliary obstruction, which caused cholangitis and bile cysts. Successful
      treatment required not only antibiotics but drainage of the bile lakes.
      Development of bile cysts is a new cause of recurrent cholangitis seen in
      extrahepatic biliary atresia.

PMID- 4032167
TI  - Rumination syndrome in children treated by increased holding.
AB  - Rumination syndrome--the frequent regurgitation of previously ingested food into
      the mouth where it is chewed--is a common, life-threatening disorder of retarded
      individuals. Four cases are described in which holding a retarded, ruminating
      child for 10-15 min before, during, and after meals, was associated with
      remission of rumination. Simple holding was effective in three; in the fourth, it
      was necessary to punish the child by putting her into a separate room for 3 min
      immediately after regurgitation. A within-subject reversal experimental design
      suggested that holding and not simple distraction was the effective component of
      the treatment. Treatment benefits were well maintained when the child returned to
      a home environment in which he or she continued to be held periodically. It is
      proposed that there are two behavioral etiologies for idiopathic rumination
      syndrome--social deprivation and reward learning through increased attention for
      regurgitation. Holding is the treatment of choice for the first type, and
      punishment with time out may be necessary to suppress regurgitation in the second
      type.

PMID- 4032166
TI  - Erythrocyte lipid alterations in pediatric cholestatic liver disease: spur cell
      anemia of infancy.
AB  - Spur cell anemia of liver disease is a hemolytic process characterized by
      spiculated erythrocytes and an elevated red cell membrane
      cholesterol/phospholipid (C/PL) molar ratio. This form of anemia is associated
      almost exclusively with adults in the advanced stages of alcoholic cirrhosis. We
      were therefore surprised to identify two unrelated infants with cholestatic liver
      disease and hemolytic anemia who had spiculated erythrocytes as the major
      abnormal cell form on peripheral smear. Erythrocyte membrane cholesterol and
      phospholipid determinations from these patients were compared with six infants
      with extrahepatic biliary atresia and target-shaped erythrocytes and with five
      normal adults. Erythrocyte C/PL molar ratio distinguished target cells from
      normal erythrocytes (p less than 0.01). The spur cell patients' erythrocyte C/PL
      molar ratios were clearly greater than either target cell patients or normal
      controls (1.30 vs. 1.02 vs. 0.84). Both patients' spur cell anemia resolved and
      target cells became the major abnormal erythrocyte form. These studies identify a
      transient form of spur cell anemia associated with infantile cholestatic liver
      disease. The factors leading to the formation of spur cell anemia in infancy
      require further investigation.

PMID- 4032168
TI  - Esophageal stricture dilatation in awake children.
AB  - Dilatation of esophageal strictures in children has generally been performed in
      the hospital under general anesthesia, or under deep sedation. We report here a
      series of 211 dilatations in 13 pediatric patients who had these procedures
      performed in the outpatient department, 72% of them without any sedation, during
      a 4-year period. This report characterizes the children, the method of outpatient
      dilatation, and our results. At the end of the study period, six of the patients
      no longer required dilatation after five to 14 procedures; four patients still
      required dilatation at twice-yearly intervals; and three patients remained on an
      active schedule of dilatations at intervals less than 5 months. Esophageal lumen
      diameter increased and symptoms improved in all of the children. Catch-up weight
      gain occurred in one-half of those initially below the 10th percentile.
      Dilatation without anesthesia or sedation was preferred by all of the parents,
      and by those children old enough to express a preference. Estimated reduction of
      medical costs by more than $100,000 was realized, compared with bouginage using
      general anesthesia. No episode of perforation, significant hemorrhage,
      documentable aspiration, or neurologic complication occurred. Outpatient
      dilatation without anesthesia is an effective method of treating esophageal
      strictures in children.

PMID- 4032169
TI  - Differential effect of botulinal toxin on esophageal motor function in infants.
AB  - The effect of Clostridium botulinum toxin on esophageal motor function was
      studied in four infants (ages 5-9 months) with confirmed infant botulism.
      Esophageal motility studies using a perfused catheter assembly were performed
      during the acute phase in all patients, and during the recovery phase in one
      patient. Motor function of the proximal esophagus and upper esophageal sphincter
      was abnormal in each, while motor function of the distal esophagus and lower
      esophageal sphincter was normal. Mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 24
      mm Hg for the group (normal: 15-30 mm Hg). Sequential studies of proximal
      esophageal motility in one infant revealed a return of normal motor function
      which correlated with recovery of peripheral muscle strength and gag reflexes. C.
      botulinum toxin impairs proximal, but not distal, esophageal motor function in
      the infant botulism model. This effect appears to be consistent with the known
      action of the toxin on synaptic acetylcholine release and current concepts
      regarding distribution of cholinergic and noncholinergic neurotransmitter
      receptors in the esophagus.

PMID- 4032170
TI  - Intestinal sugar permeability: relationship to diarrhoeal disease and small bowel
      morphology.
AB  - The permeability of the intestine was studied in 39 children (1 month to 3 years
      of age) with diarrhoea and in 28 children (6 months to 15 years of age)
      undergoing duodenal biopsy. Permeability was measured by differential absorption
      from an isotonic oral load containing 3.5 g lactulose, 0.5 g L-rhamnose, 0.5 g D
      xylose, and 5 g lactose. Urinary sugar excretion was determined by quantitative
      thin-layer chromatography. Children with acute gastroenteritis had a greatly
      increased permeability, with a mean lactulose/L-rhamnose excretion ratio of 0.43
      +/- 0.31 (normal less than 0.07). Children retested 3-16 weeks after complete
      recovery of their gastroenteritis had normal permeability (0.045 +/- 0.018).
      Children with chronic diarrhoea also had an increased permeability (0.12 +/-
      0.074), but significantly less than the acute gastroenteritis group (p less than
      0.01). Abnormal proximal small bowel morphology was associated with increased
      permeability, and a strong correlation between crypt depth and permeability was
      observed (r = 0.66, p less than 0.001). Abnormal intestinal permeability was
      associated with diarrhoeal disease and with mucosal damage. It appears to be a
      reliable and useful index of mucosal integrity.

PMID- 4032171
TI  - The development of methane production in childhood and adolescence.
AB  - Methane concentration in the expired air was analyzed in 393 infants, children,
      and adolescents. There was no methane production below the age of 3 years. In the
      age group 3-4 years, 6.4% of the children produced methane. The percentages were
      14.3-18.2% in children aged 7-14. A rise in methane production to 39.4-45.9% was
      recorded from age 14 to 18, as compared with 49.4% in adults in Israel. The
      reasons for these changes in methane production with age are not known.
      Alterations in the colonic flora or the production of a specific substrate(s) are
      the main possibilities. In our opinion, the latter possibility deserves further
      investigation.

PMID- 4032172
TI  - Specificity of human milk bile salt-stimulated lipase.
AB  - A crude preparation of the bile salt-stimulated lipase in human milk did not
      differentiate between the primary and secondary esters of several synthetic
      triacylglycerols. The dioleoyl ester of 2,3-butanediol was also digested,
      unequivocal confirmation of the absence of positional specificity. Preferential
      release of 18:2 relative to 16:0 and 18:1 as compared to 18:1t (trans) was
      observed. The lipase did not differentiate between 16:0 and 18:1 or 16:0 and
      18:0.

PMID- 4032173
TI  - Relationships between lysozyme concentration of human milk, bacteriologic
      content, and weight gain of premature infants.
AB  - Lysozyme concentrations and bacterial colony counts were determined in 399 human
      milk samples obtained from 42 mothers (18 mothers of term infants, 24 mothers of
      preterm or small-for-date neonates). The average lysozyme concentration was 21.39
      +/- 13.19 mg/L. Lysozyme concentrations were significantly greater in preterm
      (24.99 +/- 15.05 mg/L) than in term milk (14.89 +/- 9.83 mg/L) (p less than
      0.05). Bacterial colony counts did not decline with increasing lysozyme
      concentration, i.e., no correlation between lysozyme concentration and bacterial
      count was found. Despite this lack of correlation, a significant correlation
      between lysozyme concentration and rate of weight gain was observed: the higher
      the lysozyme concentration, the better the weight gain. The mechanism of this
      observation remains to be elucidated; a trophic effect of lysozyme is suggested
      as a possible mechanism.

PMID- 4032174
TI  - Human milk lipase substrates: electronic role.
AB  - The hydrolysis of a series of 4'-nitrophenyl 4-substituted benzoates, catalyzed
      by human milk lipase in the absence and presence of cholate stimulation, has been
      measured at pH 7.3, 37.5 degrees C. There is no evidence for an acyl site
      electronic interaction in the rate determining step of the esterolytic reaction.
      Substrate inhibition, arising from restricted rotation of the aryl residues about
      the ester linkage in the esterolytic site, is exhibited by these substrates.

PMID- 4032175
TI  - Anorectal manometry for the exclusion of Hirschsprung's disease in neonates.
AB  - We studied the usefulness of anorectal manometry in excluding Hirschsprung's
      disease in 25 neonates with signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction. An
      intraluminal pressure transducer or perfused side-opening catheters were used to
      evaluate anal tone, anal rhythmicity, and internal sphincter relaxation during
      rectal distention. Hirschsprung's disease was diagnosed by rectal biopsy in 16%
      of the neonates. Studies using anorectal manometry gave one false positive and
      one false negative diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease, which resulted in 75%
      sensitivity, 95% specificity, and a kappa coefficient of 0.7. We found that
      anorectal manometry, a rapid and atraumatic test, is a reliable screening test
      for exclusion of neonatal Hirschsprung's disease. By using the combination of
      manometry and contrast enema, it is possible to eliminate the need for a
      confirmatory rectal biopsy in many neonates suspected of having Hirschsprung's
      disease.

PMID- 4032176
TI  - Early intravenous correction of vitamin E deficiency in premature infants.
AB  - We undertook to determine the efficacy of intravenous alpha-tocopheryl acetate in
      rapidly correcting the vitamin E deficiency of the premature infant. Twenty-nine
      infants were assigned to either a control or treatment group. The latter group
      received a median intravenous dose of 3 IU/kg/day alpha-tocopheryl acetate as MVI
      12 (USV Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). On days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21, plasma tocopherol
      isomers and peroxide-induced hemolysis were analyzed. While all but one control
      infant with initial tocopherol deficiency were still deficient on day 3, all but
      two of the treatment infants were normal. Rapid, safe correction is possible with
      an intravenous multivitamin preparation.

PMID- 4032177
TI  - Zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium metabolism in patients with human growth
      hormone deficiency or acromegaly.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate trace metal metabolism in patients with known
      abnormalities of human growth hormone (hGH). The mean concentration of zinc in
      plasma and urine decreased in patients with hGH deficiency after hGH injection,
      whereas, after adenomectomy, in patients with acromegaly, zinc increased in
      plasma, remained the same in erythrocytes, and decreased in urine. There was a
      negative correlation between plasma zinc and serum hGH levels and a positive
      correlation between urinary zinc excretion and serum hGH levels in acromegaly. In
      hGH deficiency, the copper content remained unchanged in plasma and erythrocytes
      and rose in urine after treatment; however, in acromegaly, the copper content
      increased in plasma and remained unchanged in erythrocytes and urine after
      surgery. The mean concentration of erythrocyte manganese did not change
      significantly after treatment in patients with hGH deficiency or acromegaly, but
      the pre-hGH treatment level of erythrocyte manganese in hGH deficiency was lower
      than in the controls. Plasma selenium concentrations were decreased in hGH
      deficiency and increased in acromegaly patients after therapy. These results
      suggest that hGH affects the metabolism of zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium.

PMID- 4032178
TI  - Consequences of complete bile-duct ligation on the pubertal process in the male
      rat.
AB  - Prepubertal male rats underwent bile-duct ligation or a sham operation. Sham
      operated animals were divided into two groups: isocalorically-fed (matched to the
      bile-duct-ligated animals) and ad-libitum-fed animals. At 60 days of age (after
      puberty in a male rat) all animals were killed. Bile-duct-ligated animals had
      larger livers, greater bilirubin, greater bile acid, greater aspartate
      transaminase, and greater alkaline phosphatase levels and lower testosterone and
      luteinizing hormone levels in their serum than did the controls. Moreover, the
      testes and seminal vesicles were smaller in the bile-duct-ligated animals than in
      the controls. These data suggest that chronic cholestasis contributes, at least
      in part, to the pubertal and maturational failure that occurs with the chronic
      cholestatic diseases of childhood.

PMID- 4032179
TI  - Precocious increase of sucrase activity by carbohydrates in the small intestine
      of suckling rats. II. Role of digestibility of sugars, osmolality, and stomach
      evacuation in producing diarrhea.
AB  - The mechanisms of carbohydrate-induced diarrhea in suckling rats were
      investigated with respect to osmolality and type of sugar in the milk. Groups of
      12-day-old rats were gavage fed either a basic low carbohydrate milk formula
      [10.8% fat; 8% protein; 1.4% carbohydrate (weight/volume)] or basic formula with
      added sucrose, fructose, lactose, or glucose polymers, all as 13% (weight/
      volume). All formulas were isocaloric. Their corresponding osmolalities were 278,
      645, 1,130, 617, and 349 mOsmol/kg, respectively. Gastric evacuation of water
      soluble materials from formulas containing sucrose, fructose, or glucose polymers
      was significantly slower than the gastric evacuation of the basic formula and the
      formula that contained lactose. The net fluid absorption from the small intestine
      was significantly greater from the basic and lactose-containing formulas when
      compared with sucrose, fructose, or glucose polymer-containing formulas. When the
      synthetic milk formulas were placed directly into the isolated jejunoileum in
      vivo, the formulas of higher osmolality (fructose, sucrose, and lactose) caused
      water flux into the intestine at 60 min, while digestion of the lactose formula
      reversed the water flux within 120 min. We conclude that the type of added sugar
      is a decisive factor in gastric evacuation, and that water flux into and out of
      the intestine is significantly affected by the osmolality and rate of digestion
      and absorption of the carbohydrate in the formula; these differences among sugars
      may play a significant role in the etiology of diarrhea.

PMID- 4032180
TI  - Life-saving immunosuppressive treatment in severe autoimmune chronic active
      hepatitis.
AB  - A 13-year-old girl with a 1-year history of elevated serum alanine transferase
      was hospitalized because of liver failure. Low prothrombin time (12%) prevented
      needle liver biopsy. Because of a high titer of antismooth-muscle antibodies
      (1:500), a tentative diagnosis of "autoimmune" chronic active hepatitis was made
      and immunosuppressive therapy was started. Despite the severity of the liver
      disease, of her poor general condition, and of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,
      she dramatically responded to treatment, prothrombin time returning to normal
      within 5 months. Diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis was later confirmed by
      liver biopsy. This report indicates that immuno-suppressive therapy can be life
      saving in children with severe chronic active hepatitis even when major signs of
      liver failure are present.

PMID- 4032181
TI  - Thrombosis as a complication of inflammatory bowel disease in children: a report
      of four cases.
AB  - Thrombosis and thromboembolism have rarely been reported in inflammatory bowel
      disease (IBD) in children. Four cases of thrombosis, two with apparently serious
      thromboembolism, are reported in three patients with ulcerative colitis and one
      with Crohn's disease. Two patients were on steroid treatment at the time of the
      initial thromboembolic event. Thrombosis may result from a "hypercoagulable
      state" that occurs in IBD, brought about by a combination of altered clotting
      factors and the presence of a thrombogenic gastrointestinal mucosa, the risk of
      which is increased by steroid medications. Children and adolescents with IBD are
      at risk for serious thromboembolic complications.

PMID- 4032182
TI  - Long-term monitoring of D-lactic acidosis in a child.
AB  - A case of D-lactic acidosis in a 2 1/2-year-old child followed for 11 months is
      reported. The infant had previously undergone extensive small intestinal
      resection for midgut volvulus. Diagnosis was confirmed by measurement of plasma D
      lactate. Metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap, ataxia, and lethargy in
      patients with small intestinal resection warrant investigation for D-lactic
      acidosis. The presumed etiology is absorption of D-lactic acid produced by
      bacterial fermentation of carbohydrate in the colon. Antibiotic treatment
      resulted in prompt resolution of symptoms in this case. Prospective and prolonged
      monitoring of acidosis in patients with small bowel resection is encouraged.

PMID- 4032184
TI  - Bacterial overgrowth.

PMID- 4032183
TI  - Copper deficiency in infants with active celiac disease.
AB  - Celiac disease was diagnosed in two unrelated infants aged 7 and 7.5 months with
      severe malnutrition. They showed typical clinical, biological, and histological
      signs of the disease. Moreover, accompanying copper deficiency was suggested by
      severe hypocupremia and persistent neutropenia; bone radiographs were also
      compatible with this diagnosis. Rapid and complete correction of these anomalies
      could only be obtained after addition of oral copper sulfate to the gluten-free
      diet. Mechanisms possibly involved in the development of copper deficiency in
      young infants with celiac disease are: chronic malabsorption; high copper needs
      in rapidly growing infants; and possibly increased biliary and digestive losses.
      It is therefore suggested that young children with severe celiac disease should
      be monitored for their copper status.

PMID- 4032185
TI  - Ultrastructural study of alterations in the small intestinal epithelium of
      children with acute diarrhoea.

PMID- 4032186
TI  - Congenital eyelid eversion with orbicularis spasm.
AB  - Eversion of the lids at birth is a rare condition of debated etiology. It has
      been attributed most frequently to birth trauma or to congenital lid hypotonia.
      Most reported cases have been treated by immediate taping of the lids or by
      surgery (tarsorraphy, intermarginal sutures, and/or plastic procedures). A
      prominent association with Down's syndrome has been noted. We report a normal
      infant, born by Caesarean section, with bilateral upper eyelid eversion which
      subsided spontaneously after treatment only with lubricants. A prominent spastic
      ectropion component was observed. Lid laxity appeared to be an effect rather than
      a cause of the eversion, and disappeared as the condition improved. Management
      should take into account the duration of total occlusion caused by this
      abnormality.

PMID- 4032188
TI  - Unilateral traumatic aphakia in children: role of corneal contact lenses.
AB  - Twenty-eight children below ten years of age with unilateral traumatic aphakia
      were fitted with hard corneal contact lenses. Visual acuity of 6/12 or better was
      achieved in 68% of the cases. Patients who were above seven years of age at the
      time of injury, and those fitted with contact lenses within eight months of
      trauma, were found to have better chances of recovering normal binocular
      functions.

PMID- 4032187
TI  - Weill-Marchesani syndrome with bilateral angle-closure glaucoma.
AB  - To our knowledge this is the first reported case of cyclopentolate induced
      bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma associated with the Weill-Marchesani
      syndrome without lens subluxation. The diagnosis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome was
      not initially suspected, and Pilocarpine was used in an attempt to break the
      acute attack. Treatment with Pilocarpine-induced myosis only worsened the
      glaucoma by causing a severe pupillary block. This case is important because it
      demonstrates that mid-dilatation and cycloplegia can induce acute glaucoma in
      patients with the Weill-Marchesani syndrome and points out the importance for
      considering the diagnosis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome in any case of acute
      glaucoma in childhood.

PMID- 4032189
TI  - Normal saccadic velocity study.

PMID- 4032190
TI  - Traumatic inferior oblique muscle paresis.

PMID- 4032191
TI  - Combined congenital glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, and high myopia in an infant.
AB  - A case of congenital glaucoma combined with pigmentary glaucoma and high myopia
      in a three-month-old infant is described. The pathophysiology, medical treatment,
      and review of the literature is discussed.

PMID- 4032192
TI  - Glycoconjugates, cellular differentiation, and congenital glaucoma.
AB  - Studies of congenital glaucoma have described and debated the disease process in
      cellular and structural terms, yet the functional aspects of the disease remain
      poorly understood. This paper presents an attempt to look at the disease from a
      different perspective: the role of glycoconjugates and their influence on
      morphogenesis of the corneoscleral angle. Extracellular and cell-surface complex
      carbohydrates and trabecular meshwork development were observed in normal C-57
      BL/6J mice with light and electron microscopy. Lectin-stained fixed tissues were
      evaluated by fluorescein light microscopy and with computer-controlled scanning
      microspectrophotometry. The appearance and type of specific glycoconjugates was
      related to morphogenesis and differentiation, with specific reference to the
      development of the trabecular meshwork. Our results suggest that glycoconjugates
      are: (1) important in the morphogenesis of the corneoscleral angle, and (2)
      provide some of the required signals for the differentiation of the cells of the
      trabecular meshwork. These findings emphasize the possibility that a complex
      series of morphological and biological events in the normal development of the
      trabecular meshwork ultimately leads to a functionally competent trabecular
      meshwork, that is, capacitation.

PMID- 4032193
TI  - Modern strategy for the term breech delivery--a study with a 4-year follow-up of
      the infants.
AB  - In a comprehensive 4-year follow-up study the long-term outcomes in 709 singleton
      term breech born infants were evaluated. The outcome has been related to
      different management protocols during two consecutive study periods. In the first
      period (A, 1971-1974) the rate of cesarean section was 16.1% and in the second
      period (B, 1974-1977) 37.1%. The neonatal mortality rate was the same in both
      study periods (0.3%). The incidence of long-term neurodevelopmental handicaps was
      in period A 5.3% and in period B 2.4% at 4 years of age. Sequelae among infants
      in period A were in most cases labor-related, i.e. footling, extended arms or
      difficulty in descent of the fetal head. An antero-posterior diameter of less
      than 12 cm at the brim was common in these cases. In both study periods there was
      an increased risk of neurodevelopmental handicaps for infants with hyperextension
      of the head in the breech position delivered by the vaginal route. In period B
      the incidence of neurodevelopmental sequelae at the 4-year follow-up did not
      differ from that found in a group of infants born vaginally in vertex
      presentation. The rates of visual and auditory disorders, behaviour problems,
      enuresis and late speech development were not increased in the breeches neither
      in period A nor in period B.

PMID- 4032194
TI  - Assessment of gestational age: a simplified scoring system.
AB  - Because of the disadvantages of the Dubowitz score in very ill preterms, an
      alternative score based on 7 morphological items was designed, and the results
      are compared to those of the Dubowitz score in 229 newborns. This scoring system
      proved to be reliable and easy to perform; standard deviation was +/- 10.2 days
      versus 9.7 days for the Dubowitz score.

PMID- 4032195
TI  - Plasma creatinine in neonates with atresia of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - The human fetus swallows a considerable amount of amniotic fluid which appears to
      be in balance with the urine output. Since amniotic fluid intake is considered to
      be compromised in fetuses with atresia of the upper gastrointestinal tract,
      glomerular function development in such infants may be delayed. Plasma creatinine
      level determined in 6 neonates with atresia of the upper gastrointestinal tract
      was similar to the level measured in neonates with lower obstruction, and both
      groups were within the range of values obtained during other studies in normal
      newborns. Glomerular functional development is probably not affected in neonates
      with atresia of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 4032196
TI  - Cholesterol synthesizing enzymes in term human fetal amnion.
AB  - Based on the observations that human fetal membranes possess the ability to
      synthesize steroid hormones, we sought to investigate the precursor role of 2 -
      14C acetate in cholesterol formation by term human fetal amnion. Concentrations
      of derivatized 14C cholesterol was measured by reverse-isotope dilution technique
      in incubations of 2 - 14C acetate with homogenates of term fetal amnion dissected
      from 5 human placentae (37-40 weeks gestation) delivered vaginally from
      uncomplicated pregnancies (age 22-29 years). Controls consisted of homogenates
      heated in a boiling water bath for 10 min. The data presented demonstrate
      incorporation of 2-14C acetate into 14C cholesterol by the viable tissue. The
      extent of enzymic conversion varied from 0.002% to 0.076%. The small but definite
      conversion indicates that the homogenates of term human fetal amnion contain the
      full complement of enzymes necessary to catalyse the transformation of acetate to
      cholesterol. The metabolic need for cholesterol supply during labor is discussed.

PMID- 4032197
TI  - Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis: a review of 11 cases.
AB  - Eleven cases of nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis occurring during a six year period
      were reviewed. The etiology of hydrops fetalis was established only in four
      cases. It included one case of endocardial fibrosis, two cases of non-immunologic
      hemolysis and one case of tachycardia. The pregnancies were complicated by
      polyhydramnios in 9 cases, preterm delivery in 10 cases, twins in 3 cases and pre
      eclampsia in one case. Four of 11 fetuses died in utero, on one of them,
      intrauterine blood transfusion and administration of digoxin and furosemide was
      carried out. Five fetuses died neonatally and two survived. In one of the later
      cases, intravenous administration of digoxin with quinidine to the mother was
      without effect, nor did such treatment cause any effect on the neonate after
      delivery. Electric cardioversion supplemented with digoxin slowed the neonatal
      cardiac rhythm to normal range with later successful outcome. Earlier diagnosis
      by ultrasonography especially in cases of hydramnios and appropriate treatment
      are likely to improve this outcome.

PMID- 4032198
TI  - MCMI characteristics of DSM-III posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam
      veterans.
AB  - Compared the MCMI profiles of 25 veterans with a diagnosis of Posttraumatic
      Stress Disorder (PTSD) with those of 25 veterans carrying psychiatric disorders
      which typically cause problems in the differential diagnosis of PTSD. The PTSD
      group had higher elevations on nine of the 20 MCMI scales (all ps less than .05).
      Profiles were also significantly different in shape and scatter. A discriminant
      analysis accounted for 100% of the variance and correctly classified 88% of the
      patients. Resulting MCMI profiles appear to be consistent with DSM-III criteria
      for PTSD.

PMID- 4032199
TI  - Stability of the personality and symptom scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial
      Inventory.
AB  - This study examines the stability of the basic and pathological personality and
      symptom scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) in three
      clinical samples. Consistent with the theory upon which the MCMI is based, higher
      stability estimates were found among basic personality scales in comparison with
      symptom scales. However, stability estimates which included initial MCMI
      administrations at intake into treatment were generally lower than those based
      upon administrations which occurred later in the treatment process. This later
      finding suggests the need to consider timing of administration when interpreting
      the MCMI.

PMID- 4032200
TI  - Aggressive response sets and subtle-obvious MMPI scale distinctions in male
      offenders.
AB  - The effects of aggressive and nonaggressive response sets on the MMPI subtle and
      obvious clinical subscales were investigated. Fifty-eight male prison inmates
      answered the MMPI as if they were either highly aggressive or highly
      nonaggressive. The clinical scales with sufficient items in each category were
      scored for subtle, neutral, and obvious subscales. Inmates successfully feigned
      aggressiveness on several of the obvious subscales (p = .0056) and one neutral
      scale; the subtle subscales were not significantly different across groups,
      consistent with previous research on this population in terms of the resistance
      of subtle items to these response sets.

PMID- 4032201
TI  - The development and cross-validation of an MMPI typology of murderers.
AB  - A sample of 80 male offenders charged with premeditated murder were divided into
      five personality types using MMPI scores. A hierarchical clustering procedure was
      used with a subsequent internal cross-validation analysis using a second sample
      of 80 premeditated murderers. A Discriminant Analysis resulted in a 96.25%
      correct classification of subjects from the second sample into the five types.
      Clinical data from a mental status interview schedule supported the external
      validity of these types. There were significant differences among the five types
      in hallucinations, disorientation, hostility, depression, and paranoid thinking.
      Both similarities and differences of the present typology with prior research was
      discussed. Additional research questions were suggested.

PMID- 4032202
TI  - MMPI scales for DSM-III personality disorders: their derivation and correlates.
AB  - Scales tapping the dimensions of personality disorder as represented in the DSM
      III were derived using a combined rational/empirical strategy. The final version
      of the scales demonstrated both content validity as well as internal consistency.
      Correlations between the derived scales and between these scales and the original
      MMPI clinical scales were generally found to be in the expected direction
      providing preliminary evidence of criterion related validity. It is suggested
      that the derived scales may represent an advance toward the reliable assessment
      of DSM-III personality constructs.

PMID- 4032203
TI  - Clinical correlates of high lie scale elevations among forensic patients.
AB  - The MMPI Lie scale serves as an indicator of test validity, primarily intended to
      detect efforts by psychologically unsophisticated subjects to present themselves
      in an unrealistically positive fashion. The unexpected occurrence of Lie scale
      elevations among paranoid patients not considered to be unsophisticated or naive
      prompted previous researchers to speculate that the measure might have other
      interpretive utility. The current study examined the potential relationship
      between high Lie scores and paranoid psychopathology in a forensic population.
      All subjects who met the inclusion criteria, Lie greater than raw score of six
      and no clinical scale elevations, were found to have some type of psychotic
      disorder with prominent paranoid features. The possible implications of the
      findings for clinicians responsible for determinations of dangerousness resulting
      from mental illness were discussed.

PMID- 4032204
TI  - The Mezzich MMPI regression formula revisited.
AB  - In a sample of depressed psychiatric inpatients, the Mezzich regression formula,
      based on five MMPI scales, correlated moderately with clinicians' judgments and
      yielded few false negative diagnoses in identifying patients with unipolar Major
      Depressive Disorder, but was less effective in eliminating false positives.

PMID- 4032206
TI  - Renal failure adjustment and coping style.
AB  - The role of coping style in renal failure adjustment was investigated in a sample
      of 62 patient volunteers. Two descriptive questions were considered. Is
      psychosocial adjustment related to coping style? Do patients receiving differing
      treatments rely on distinctive coping styles? Aggressive coping style was
      inversely related to psychological adjustment. Patients receiving staff
      supervised treatment had significantly higher scores on a scale measuring more
      passive defense.

PMID- 4032205
TI  - Ego development and intelligence in a psychiatric population: Wechsler subtest
      scores.
AB  - The relationship between Loevinger's measure of ego development and the Wechsler
      Intelligence Scales subtest scores was investigated in 91 adolescent and young
      adult psychiatric inpatients. Correlations with Verbal IQ and verbal subtests in
      general were positive and significant. The correlation with the Comprehension
      subtest was the highest and remained significant when Full Scale IQ was
      partialled. Post-conformists obtained the highest mean scores on Picture
      Arrangement; however, there was no difference among the lower stages on this
      subtest. The results lend support to a social reasoning component of ego
      development.

PMID- 4032207
TI  - Understanding multiple personality with the Comprehensive Rorschach system.
AB  - Exner's Comprehensive Rorschach system is utilized in studying a unique sample of
      patients--three multiple personalities. Each patient and a number of secondary
      personalities are tested. Several interpretative and technical aspects of Exner's
      system are clarified. All of the main personalities are ambient, extending
      Exner's conclusions regarding the implications of this style. The secondary
      personalities have personality structures which are remarkably different from
      those of the main personalities. Differences from previous studies are attributed
      to unique administrative features of the Comprehensive system.

PMID- 4032208
TI  - Schizophrenic, depressive, and nonpatient personality organizations described by
      Rorschach factor structures.
AB  - Rorschachs of 155 schizophrenics, 102 depressives, and 186 nonpatients were
      collected and scored using the Comprehensive System. Twenty-seven Rorschach
      variables considered central to interpretation were selected for study. Factor
      analyses and partial correlations controlling for number of responses, R, were
      generated in order to investigate the personality organization of each of the
      three groups. A three factor solution was found to be optimal for each group.
      Patterns of personality organization were discussed within the three groups and
      factor structures were compared and contrasted. While similarities occur between
      the three groups, each group also manifests a unique personality organization.
      These findings support the hypothesis that schizophrenics and depressives differ
      from nonpatients in kind, rather than degree of disorder.

PMID- 4032209
TI  - Content analysis scales measuring psychosocial maturity in the elderly.
AB  - Content analysis scales measuring the constructs used to deal with the tasks of
      Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development have been devised. The scoring
      categories for these 16 Content Analysis Scales of Psychosocial Maturity (CASPM)
      are summarized. Percentile norms are provided. Evidence for the reliability and
      validity of the scales is examined. The CASPM percentile profiles of two elderly
      people are considered, as are the practical advantages of employing the scales
      with elderly clients.

PMID- 4032210
TI  - [Analytic study of piroxicam].

PMID- 4032211
TI  - [Furocoumarins in essential oils. Identification and determination of 5
      methoxypsoralen in sun products].

PMID- 4032212
TI  - [Clometacin. 5. Pharmacokinetic study of a fast-acting form in man].

PMID- 4032213
TI  - [Study of the desorption of ethylene oxide from different plastic materials
      sterilized by the gas].

PMID- 4032214
TI  - Determination by high performance liquid chromatography of the stability of
      alcoholic solutions for topical use containing tetracycline and 4
      epitetracycline.

PMID- 4032215
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of catecholamines.

PMID- 4032216
TI  - Effect of water immersion stress on the biosynthesis of rat gastric glycoproteins
      with or without sulfate.
AB  - The biosynthesis of rat gastric glycoproteins with or without sulfate was
      investigated in rats subjected to restraint and water immersion stress. Studies
      were carried out in vitro in rat glandular stomach using 3H-glucosamine and 35S
      sulfate. Labeled glycoproteins were extracted with 2% Triton X-100 and
      fractionated on Bio Gel A-1.5 m. Radioactivity incorporated into glycoproteins
      was estimated in the tissue as well as in the medium. The incorporation of 3H
      glucosamine into the tissue was unchanged during the experimental period, while
      the release of 3H-labeled glycoproteins into the medium was markedly increased at
      12 h after the onset of stress. The incorporation of 35S-sulfate into the tissue
      was decreased at 6 h and increased at 12 h. The release of 35S-labeled
      glycoproteins into the medium was not changed significantly. However, the change
      in the total radioactivity (tissue plus medium) of 3H was similar to that of 35S.
      These results suggest that the remarkable increase in the biosynthesis of
      glycoproteins and sulfated glycoproteins was closely related to reinforcement of
      defensive response. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of anti-ulcer agents
      on the biosynthesis of mucus glycoproteins. Cimetidine and atropine decreased the
      incorporation of radioactive precursors and the release of labeled glycoproteins
      into the incubation medium in vitro. AAHA (N-(N-acetyl-beta-alanyl)-L-histidine
      aluminum complex) and sofalcone (SU-88; 2-carboxymethoxy-4,4'-bis (3-methyl-2
      butenyloxy) chalcone) increased the incorporation of radioactive precursors and
      the release of labeled glycoproteins into the medium. These observations indicate
      that anti-ulcer agents having different modes of action show different effects on
      the glycoprotein biosynthesis.

PMID- 4032217
TI  - Anti-tumor activity of 1-acetyl-3-o-toluyl-5-fluorouracil against murine hepatoma
      MH134 and its effects on tissue weights following subcutaneous and oral
      administration.
AB  - Anti-tumor activity of 1-acetyl-3-o-toluyl-5-fluorouracil (A-OT) against MH134
      solid tumors in mice was studied following subcutaneous and oral administration
      and compared with that of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administered subcutaneously at
      doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mmol/kg/d. Oral administration of A-OT demonstrated a
      remarkable effect on MH134 solid tumors, the effect being more marked than that
      of subcutaneous administration of A-OT. Anti-tumor activity of oral
      administration of A-OT at a dose of 0.2 mmol/kg/d was comparable to that of
      subcutaneous administration of 5-FU at the same dose. The level of decrease in
      thymus weight and the magnitude of increase of spleen weight following oral
      administration of A-OT at any dose were smaller than those by subcutaneous
      administration of 5-FU (0.2 mmol/kg/d).

PMID- 4032218
TI  - Preparation and biopharmaceutical evaluation of microcapsules of ampicillin.
AB  - Microencapsulation of ampicillin, an orally administered antibiotic, with
      different viscosity grades of ethyl cellulose was studied. The preparation of
      microcapsules was done as follows; the mixture of ethyl cellulose-CH2Cl2
      ampicillin was dispersed in purified water containing 0.5% (w/w) sodium lauryl
      benzenesulfonate, and then CH2Cl2 was dried out by elevating the temperature. The
      dissolution curves for the release of ampicillin from microcapsules prepared
      using the four different viscosity grades of ethyl cellulose were quite
      different. The release of ampicillin increased with decreasing ethyl cellulose
      viscosity. The evaluation of prepared microcapsules was made using gastric
      emptying-controlled rabbits. The plasma concentration of ampicillin obtained by
      the administration of microcapsules showed a significant sustained-release
      pattern. The area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) of ampicillin
      obtained after a single oral administration of microcapsules prepared using 10
      cps ethyl cellulose was 1.8 times greater than that obtained after double oral
      administration of powder. This fact will be caused by the delaying of gastric
      emptying, intestinal-transit and dissolution of ampicillin there. It was
      confirmed that a large number of microcapsules still remained in the stomach and
      each microcapsules still contained ampicillin at 24 h after dosing from the
      experiment using gastric-emptying-controlled rabbits.

PMID- 4032219
TI  - Intestinal absorption of salicylamide and effect of atropine on it.
AB  - The effect of atropine (ATR), a parasynpatholytic agent, on the intestinal
      absorption of salicylamide (SAM) was studied using the absorption kinetic model
      proposed by Winne et al. The disappearance of SAM from perfusate and the
      appearance in intestinal blood were determined using perfused intestinal loop of
      the rat in vivo. The results showed that the absorption of SAM was simulated by
      the four compartment model consisting of luminal, interstitial, blood and serosal
      compartments. The model was assumed to have three rate determining factors,
      namely mucosal membrane permeability, clearance by blood flow and serosal
      membrane permeability. ATR decreased the absorption of SAM by decreasing the
      clearance factor relating to intestinal blood flow and increased the fraction of
      the transported amount of SAM from interstitial space to serosal compartment.

PMID- 4032220
TI  - Reversible suppression of growth and differentiation of cultured chick myogenic
      cells with very low concentrations of dibucaine.
AB  - Dibucaine, a local anaesthetic, reversibly suppressed growth and differentiation
      of cultured chick myogenic cells. In the presence of 10 microM dibucaine, chick
      myoblasts multiplied and fused to form myotubes. However, myotubes did not
      increase their size. Accumulation of creatine kinase (CK) activity per culture
      dish was also suppressed, showing that myotube growth was suppressed.
      Concomitantly, myofibril formation and developmental transition of CK isozymes
      were retarded. The myotubes remained immature. When dibucaine was removed from
      the culture medium and cells were further incubated, the accumulation of CK
      activity, especially of muscle type isoform, and formation of myofibrils took
      place; eventually the myofibrils were organized similarly to those in the control
      culture. The concentration of dibucaine enough to exert these effects was about
      one-hundredth of the concentration used in clinical anaesthesia.

PMID- 4032221
TI  - Promotion of the selective lymphatic delivery of cyclosporin A by lipid
      surfactant mixed micelles.
AB  - The absorption of an immunosuppressive drug, cyclosporin A (CsA), with the aid of
      lipid-surfactant mixed micelles from the rat gastrointestinal (GI) tract and
      lymphatic delivery were studied. The administration of CsA in oily solution,
      sesame oil or linolic acid, into the rat duodenum indicated a small amount of CsA
      both in the plasma and lymph for about 6 h. The administration of CsA in the
      mixed micellar solution composing of linolic acid and HCO-60, polyoxyethylated
      (60 mol) hydrogenated castor oil, accelerated the absorption of CsA from the GI
      tract, and CsA was delivered into the lymphatics with an extremely high
      selectivity.

PMID- 4032222
TI  - Transport of theophylline from blood to the intestinal lumen following i.v.
      administration to rats.
AB  - The exsorption of theophylline into the small intestinal lumen after intravenous
      administration of aminophylline was studied by in situ single-pass perfusion
      technique. As the concentrations of the drug in the serum and the bile juice were
      decreased, the exsorption rate of the drug into the perfusate decreased obeying
      the apparent first-order kinetics. The half-lives of the drug concentrations in
      the serum and the bile juice were 2.13 and 2.58 h for pH 6.0 isotonic phosphate
      buffer, and were 2.71 and 2.32 h for pH 8.0 isotonic phosphate buffer,
      respectively. The amounts of theophylline excreted in the perfusate and the bile
      juice were 12.08% and 0.17% of dose for pH 6.0 isotonic phosphate buffer, and
      were 13.81% and 0.20% of dose for pH 8.0 isotonic phosphate buffer. These results
      demonstrated that a considerable amount of theophylline was exsorbed into the
      intestinal lumen. The mechanism by which oral activated charcoal enhanced
      clearance of theophylline administered intravenously may be adsorption of the
      drug transported into the gastrointestinal tract by the charcoal.

PMID- 4032223
TI  - Event memory: the effects of processing objectives and time delay on memory for
      action sequences.
AB  - The memorial representations of events that result from different types of goal
      directed cognition are conceptualized on the basis of the general model of
      information processing proposed by Wyer and Srull (1980, 1984). In a test of this
      conceptualization, subjects read a passage describing the events that took place
      at a cocktail party. They were told either (a) to form an impression of the party
      and the events that occurred, (b) to empathize with the person from whose
      perspective the passage was written, or (c) to remember the information presented
      in a way that would allow them to reproduce it. The stimulus passage contained
      two target events, each consisting of actions that were either described
      chronologically or in reverse order, and were either presented together or were
      separated by other unrelated material. After either a short or a long delay,
      subjects recalled the information they read in the order it came to mind.
      Finally, subjects were given the individual event actions and told to place them
      in the order they were presented. The actions comprising target events were
      generally more likely to be recalled together and in chronological order when
      subjects had learned about them with either an impression formation or an empathy
      objective than when they had read about them with the goal of remembering them.
      However, orderings of these actions were affected by task objectives only after a
      long delay. The effect of task objectives on the order of recalling the events
      themselves showed a quite different pattern; for example, subjects with an
      empathy objective were most likely to recall the last target event presented
      before the first one after a long delay, whereas subjects with an impression
      objective were least likely to do so. The proposed model provided a reasonable
      account of these and other effects of task objectives on memory for events and
      the actions comprising them.

PMID- 4032224
TI  - Another look at sex stereotypes and social judgments: an analysis of the social
      perceiver's use of subjective probabilities.
AB  - Locksley, Borgida, Brekke, and Hepburn (1980) assert that subjects fall prey to
      the base-rate fallacy when they make stereotype-related trait judgments. They
      found that subjects ignored their stereotypes when trait judgments were made in
      the presence of trait-related behavioral information. The present article
      reexamines those findings with respect to two issues: (a) the use of a normative
      criterion in comparison with subjects' judgments and (b) the level of analysis
      (group vs. individual) of subjects' judgments. We conducted a replication of the
      Locksley et al. (1980) Study 2, and the results were examined with respect to
      these two issues. We found no support for the base-rate fallacy. When a Bayesian
      normative criterion was constructed for each subject based on the subject's own
      stereotype judgments and was compared with assertiveness judgments made in the
      presence of individuating information, there was no evidence that subjects
      ignored or underused their stereotypes as the base-rate fallacy predicts.

PMID- 4032225
TI  - Bystander response to arterial bleeding: helping skills, the decision-making
      process, and differentiating the helping response.
AB  - Using a mock injury involving arterial bleeding, we explored the impact of
      variables on two different decisions in the decision-making process leading to
      help. Expertise (Red Cross Training), ambiguity, and number of bystanders were
      manipulated in a 2 X 2 X 2 design. We observed the following responses: (a)
      nonhelp, (b) ineffective direct help, (c) indirect help, and (d) direct help. The
      decision to help or not was affected by ambiguity, sex, and the presence or
      absence of other bystanders. Greater ambiguity led to less help; women helped
      less than men; and fewer people helped when other bystanders were present.
      Expertise affected the decision leading to the type of help used but not the
      decision to help. Although training did not raise the intervention rate, it did
      dramatically change the effectiveness of the help used and could yield as many as
      28 more saved lives out of 80 such incidents. The number of bystanders affected
      both the decision to help and the type of help used. Ineffective direct help
      occurred most frequently when the bystander was alone. The presence of other
      bystanders also affected the type of indirect help that was used.

PMID- 4032226
TI  - A thematic analysis of the experience of time.
AB  - A category system describing the human experience of time was developed in
      efforts to put existing theoretical notions about time ("future time
      perspective," "time urgency," "object constancy," etc.) into a broader
      theoretical context. Twenty mature, articulate, well-educated subjects were
      interviewed about their "experience of time." A thematic analysis of these
      interviews produced three major categories: (1) Change and Continuity ("becoming
      in time"), (2) Limits and Choices ("doing in time"), and (3) Tempo ("pacing in
      time"). The experience of time in various diagnostic groups was discussed in
      terms of the category system.

PMID- 4032227
TI  - Race and vulnerability to stress: an examination of differential vulnerability.
AB  - In this article the possibility of race differences in vulnerability to stress is
      considered. Structural models linking socioeconomic status, age, and life-change
      events to psychological distress are fit to blacks' and whites' data, which were
      obtained in a community survey of 829 Florida residents to evaluate differences
      in vulnerability. Life-change-distress paths were slightly larger among blacks
      than among whites, though not significantly so. The possible adaptive or coping
      resources provided by supportive social ties and by fatalistic responses to
      chronic stress are suggested as topics for further research with regard to
      psychological well-being among disadvantaged groups.

PMID- 4032228
TI  - Preference for control and the coronary-prone behavior pattern: "I'd rather do it
      myself".
AB  - We explored differential preference for control among Type A and Type B
      individuals. Forty-six subjects were threatened with an aversive event (loud
      noise) and were allowed to choose whether to turn off the noise themselves or to
      yield control to another (more competent) individual. The results showed that
      Type B subjects (regardless of sex) tended to relinquish control to their more
      competent confederates and thus reduce the aversive stimulus, whereas the choice
      behavior of Type As was less clear. In addition, although female subjects tended
      to yield control, male subjects were more inclined to retain it. Because the
      willingness to yield control in general appears to be stronger in women than in
      men, the behavior observed in Type As may be partly moderated by the subject's
      sex. Although there were suggestive trends in the data, the central psychological
      features of the Type A pattern remain ambiguous and await studies in which
      researchers explore these effects, using a variety of situations and larger
      sample sizes.

PMID- 4032229
TI  - Attributional style and the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern.
AB  - The present two studies examined the attributional styles of Type A and B
      individuals. Past research suggests that Type A's exhibit greater performance
      deficits than Type B's following exposure to extended, salient uncontrollable
      stimuli. The reformulated learned helplessness model suggests that individuals
      most prone to such performance deficits should exhibit an attributional style
      characterized by internal, stable, and global attributions for negative outcomes,
      but external, unstable, and specific attributions for positive outcomes. However,
      a self-esteem protection explanation of learned helplessness findings predicts an
      opposite, self-serving attributional style. Results from both studies indicated
      that Type A's are more self-serving than Type B's in their attributions for
      positive and negative outcomes.

PMID- 4032230
TI  - Type A behavior pattern and the judgment of noncontingency: mediating roles of
      mood and perspective.
AB  - Past research indicates that Type A's and B's differ in their behavioral
      responses to lack of control. The present study examined perceptual judgments of
      noncontingency in an attempt to clarify further the role of a control dynamic in
      Type A-B differences. Type A's and B's assumed the role of either an actor or an
      observer on a standard contingency judgment task. Consistent with previous
      research, both Type A's and B's exhibited an illusion of control when in the role
      of actor. Only Type B's exhibited an illusion of control when observing another
      person perform the task. Additional analyses indicated that the absence of an
      illusion of control by Type A observers reflected accuracy rather than a
      motivational distortion. Mood was also found to mediate control judgments, but
      only for actors. The plausibility of a memory-based interpretation for the mood
      effects is discussed.

PMID- 4032231
TI  - Personal efficacy, external locus of control, and perceived contingency of
      parental reinforcement among depressed, paranoid, and normal subjects.
AB  - Bandura (1982) suggested that judgments of personal efficacy and outcome
      expectancies (i.e., locus of control) jointly affect behavior. We hypothesized
      that different combinations of these two sets of beliefs would characterize the
      thought structures of normal subjects and of psychiatric patients suffering from
      distinctly different disorders. Normal subjects, depressed subjects, and paranoid
      subjects completed scales with which we measured beliefs in personal efficacy and
      beliefs that outcomes are controlled either by chance or by powerful others, as
      well as a scale with which we assessed perceived contingency of parental
      reinforcement. The major findings were as follows: Normals judged themselves to
      be more efficacious than did psychiatric subjects; whereas depressives expected
      outcomes to be controlled by chance, paranoids expected outcomes to be under the
      control of powerful others; among the normals, outcome expectancies were strongly
      associated with personal efficacy, but among the psychiatric patients, these
      beliefs were unrelated; depressives and paranoids equally reported more
      noncontingent parental reinforcement than did normals; and perceived contingency
      of parental reinforcement was predictive of outcome expectancies but not of
      personal efficacy. The data suggest that low personal efficacy may be a
      distinguishing characteristic of all psychiatric patients, whereas outcome
      expectancies may determine the specific nature of the psychiatric disorder.

PMID- 4032232
TI  - [Pharmaceutical evaluation of a hollow type suppository. II. Indomethacin added
      form and release characteristics of the hollow type suppository].

PMID- 4032233
TI  - [Pharmaceutical evaluation of a hollow type suppository. III. Effect of macrogol
      300 on the bioavailability of indomethacin in rabbits].

PMID- 4032234
TI  - [Screening test for calcium antagonists in natural products and the active
      principles of Cnidii monnieri].

PMID- 4032235
TI  - [The determination of carteolol in human plasma and urine by high performance
      liquid chromatography].

PMID- 4032236
TI  - [Stability studies on nafamstat mesilate in aqueous solution. II. Studies on the
      photostability of nafamstat mesilate].

PMID- 4032237
TI  - [The variability of plasma protein binding of phenytoin in epileptic patients
      with hypoalbuminemia].

PMID- 4032238
TI  - [Study of crystalline drugs by means of polarizing microscope. VII. Polarizing
      microscopy of crystalline drugs listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia X (3)].

PMID- 4032239
TI  - [Stability studies on nafamstat mesilate in aqueous solution. I. Kinetic studies
      in various pH and temperature conditions].

PMID- 4032240
TI  - Integrated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atropine in healthy humans.
      I: Pharmacokinetics.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of atropine in three healthy male volunteers after
      intravenous administration of 1.35 and 2.15 mg of the drug was determined.
      Pharmacodynamic effects of atropine were measured simultaneously. All the data
      were fitted to a novel integrated kinetic-dynamic model. Plasma concentrations of
      atropine and the amounts of atropine and its primary metabolite, tropine,
      excreted in the urine were measured by a sensitive gas chromatographic-mass
      spectrometric assay. The kinetics of elimination of atropine was first order.
      There was evidence that the kinetics of distribution of the drug was dose
      dependent. Two phases with apparent half-lives of 1 and 140 min were
      distinguishable in accordance with a linear two-compartment disposition model for
      atropine. The urinary excretion of unchanged drug was 57% of the dose. The steady
      state volume of distribution was 210 L, implying extensive tissue binding and/or
      partitioning. Renal plasma clearance was 660 mL/min, suggesting significant
      tubular secretion. The renal clearance of atropine depended on urine flow.
      Urinary excretion of tropine amounted to 29% of the dose. The kinetics of the
      metabolite was first order.

PMID- 4032241
TI  - Integrated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atropine in healthy humans.
      II: Pharmacodynamics.
AB  - This study determined the kinetics of the effects of atropine on heart rate and
      saliva flow in three healthy male volunteers after intravenous administration of
      1.35 and 2.15 mg of the drug. The pharmacokinetics of atropine and its primary
      metabolite, tropine, were determined simultaneously. Both the pharmacokinetic and
      effect data were fitted to an integrated kinetic-dynamic model. The maximum heart
      rate and minimum saliva flow occurred with a significant delay of 7-8 min after
      drug administration. Both effects were nonlinearly related to the amount of drug
      in the peripheral compartment. Maximum heart rates of 192 and 217% of the control
      values were observed at the lower and higher dose levels, respectively. Minimum
      saliva flows of 8 and 3% of the control values were measured after the lower and
      higher doses of atropine, respectively. The time durations of the positive
      chronotropic effect of the drug were 170 and 250 min at the lower and higher dose
      levels, respectively; the corresponding values for the length of the
      antisialogogue effect of the drug were 230 and 340 min, respectively.

PMID- 4032242
TI  - General method for evaluating the fraction of the irreversible organ clearance
      due to conversion of drug to a primary metabolite.
AB  - An expression for the fractional metabolic clearance of a drug across an organ
      has been developed. The expression is a function of areas under the temporal
      profiles of the drug and metabolite concentrations in the sampling compartment.
      Formation of the metabolite of interest is permitted throughout the linear
      systems analyzed. The expression is shown to be applicable to any linear system
      provided there is only a single direct feed from the organ of interest
      (compartment where formation of the particular metabolite is being investigated)
      to the drug-sampling compartment.

PMID- 4032243
TI  - Binedaline binding to plasma proteins and red blood cells in humans.
AB  - Serum binding of binedaline, a new antidepressant drug, was studied in vitro by
      equilibrium dialysis. The percent of binding in serum is high, 99.2%, and remains
      constant within the range of therapeutic concentrations; no saturation to the
      binding sites was seen. Investigations performed on isolated proteins with a wide
      range of concentrations showed one site with a high affinity constant (Ka = 2 X
      10(6) M-1) for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and two sites with a low affinity
      constant (Ka = 3 X 10(4) M-1) for human serum albumin. Binding to lipoproteins
      was nonsaturable, with a total affinity constant of 1.25 X 10(5) less than nKa
      less than 2.79 X 10(6) M-1. Over the range of therapeutic concentrations, the
      ratio of binedaline concentrations in serum and red blood cells remained constant
      (1%) and was shown to be dependent on the free fraction of binedaline in serum.

PMID- 4032244
TI  - Aminopeptidase activity in albino rabbit extraocular tissues relative to the
      small intestine.
AB  - Aminopeptidase activity in the corneal epithelium and the conjunctiva of the
      albino rabbit eye was determined using L-leucine-, L-alanine-, and L-arginine-4
      methoxy-beta-naphthylamide as substrates. This was compared with the
      aminopeptidase activity in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The two ocular
      tissues were found to be 5-15% as active as the ileum in aminopeptidase activity.
      There was indirect evidence that the dominant aminopeptidase in the corneal
      epithelium is different from that in the conjunctiva, suggesting that further
      studies are warranted to investigate the possibility of delivering certain
      peptides systemically via the conjunctiva without simultaneously exposing the
      intraocular tissues to these peptides.

PMID- 4032245
TI  - Effect of food and tablet age on relative bioavailability and pharmacodynamics of
      two tolbutamide products.
AB  - Relative bioavailability and pharmacodynamics of tolbutamide from two different
      commercially available tablet products have been evaluated in healthy subjects in
      a single-dose crossover study. "Fresh" tablets and tablets aged by exposure to
      98% relative humidity for 3 d at ambient temperature were studied. Aging was
      found to differentially affect both the rate and extent of absorption for the two
      products. Differences were reflected by log AUC (generic product AUC 10% lower
      than the product of the innovator, p = 0.047), peak concentration (generic
      product 27% lower than the product of the innovator, p = 0.0001), mean absorption
      time (generic product 119% longer than the product of the innovator, p = 0.0008),
      and mean residence time (generic product 17% longer than the product of the
      innovator, p = 0.011). Aged product from the innovator produced statistically
      significantly higher serum tolbutamide concentrations for the first 8 h postdose
      and a greater glucose depression than aged generic product. Administration of
      unaged tablets with food produced differences in the rate of absorption,
      manifested in time-to-peak (generic product 69% later than the product of the
      innovator, p = 0.006), peak concentration (generic product 18% lower than the
      product of the innovator, p = 0.001), and mean absorption time (generic product
      104% greater than the product of the innovator, p = 0.007), which resulted in
      statistically significantly higher tolbutamide concentrations for the product of
      the innovator than for the generic product for the first 3 h postdose.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032246
TI  - Decomposition of aspirin in the solid state in the presence of limited amounts of
      moisture.
AB  - When limited amounts of moisture are added to aspirin in a closed system, the
      model for decomposition differs from that experienced in an open system, i.e., a
      system at constant relative humidity. The composition of the liquid decomposition
      layer on the surface of the aspirin crystals will constantly change, and a model
      for accounting for both the change in volume and composition of the decomposition
      layer as a function of time has been developed. Solid-state decomposition data,
      when plotted as a function of time, exhibit a profile similar to the one
      predicted, but the position of the decomposition curve observed differs from that
      of the predicted. The predicted curve indicates better stability than the
      observed data.

PMID- 4032247
TI  - Tack behavior of coating solutions III.
AB  - The effect of finely divided solids on the tackiness of coating solutions was
      determined using a parallel-plate technique. Results demonstrated that the
      tackiness of coating solutions containing relatively low concentration of
      polymers augments with the increase in concentration and diminishes with the
      increasing particle size of finely divided solids. In contrast, the tackiness of
      coating solutions containing high concentrations of polymers is suppressed upon
      increasing the concentration and decreasing the size of finely divided solids.

PMID- 4032248
TI  - Pharmacologically active conformation of disopyramide: evidence from apparent pKa
      measurements.
AB  - We have found evidence that an intramolecular hydrogen bond exists between the
      amido and pyridine groups of disopyramide in aqueous solutions. This conclusion
      was reached by a comparison of the pKa values for the basic nitrogen atoms of
      certain analogues of disopyramide. By comparing the pharmacological actions of
      disopyramide with those of pheniramine, which lacks an amido group, we have
      concluded that the constraint on the rotation of the pyridine ring which is
      imposed by the hydrogen bond is a major determinant of the antiarrhythmic
      activity. That constraint is, at the same time, a suppressor of the
      anticholinergic activity. We then concluded that a covalent link would hold the
      pyridine ring, and the amido group, in the desirable conformation permanently,
      which would lead to better antiarrhythmic activity and a lower degree of
      anticholinergic activity. Pharmacological studies on such new molecules are in
      general agreement with these concepts.

PMID- 4032249
TI  - Antineoplastic activity of a series of boron analogues of alpha-amino acids.
AB  - A series of amine cyanoboranes, amine carboxyboranes, and boron analogues of
      alpha-amino acids have been investigated for antineoplastic activity against the
      growth of Ehrlich ascites cells. Additional studies demonstrated that the boron
      analogues inhibited DNA and RNA synthesis at 300 microM. The suppression of DNA
      synthesis of Ehrlich ascites cells correlated with the reduction of DNA
      polymerase, 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase, and dihydrofolate
      reductase activities afforded by the boron compounds. These derivatives did not
      suppress protein synthesis, thymidylate synthetase, or thymidine monophosphate
      kinase activities as previously reported for some boron antineoplastic agents.

PMID- 4032250
TI  - Hypolipidemic activity of 6-amino-2-mercapto-5-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic
      acid and related derivatives in rodents.
AB  - 6-Amino-2-mercapto-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid proved to be a potent
      hypolipidemic agent in rodents at the low dose of 20 mg/kg/d. The agent
      effectively reduced the liver enzyme activities required for the synthesis of
      triglycerides and cholesterol. Lower lipid levels in tissue were observed in mice
      but not in rats. Preliminary studies indicate that the agent accelerated the
      excretion of cholesterol and its metabolites from the body. The agents lowered
      the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol content and raised the high-density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol content. These changes in lipoprotein cholesterol
      content suggest that the agent may be helpful in protecting against coronary
      disease. The agent is more effective than the commercially available agent, i.e.,
      clofibrate at 150 mg/kg/d.

PMID- 4032251
TI  - Kinetics of hydrochlorothiazide absorption in humans.
AB  - The kinetics of absorption of hydrochlorothiazide was studied in four adult male
      volunteers. Plasma levels were monitored for 48 h after a 100-mg dose. Food,
      electrolyte, and water intake were regulated as far as possible. The plasma level
      data were fitted to a two-compartment open model with either first-order or zero
      order absorption, using the pharmacokinetic computer program AUTOAN. A better fit
      of the data, both graphically and statistically, was obtained with zero-order
      absorption kinetics. Additional confirmation of absorption kinetics was obtained
      by treating the plasma level results by the Loo-Riegelman method. Cartesian
      graphs of the amount absorbed verus time afforded linear plots, which indicate a
      zero-order process.

PMID- 4032252
TI  - Dispersion forces and plastic deformation in tablet bond.
AB  - A model for tablet bond formation is developed. It assumes that attraction forces
      arise from dispersion forces between surfaces with spherical curvature. The
      radius of these surfaces depends on the amount of plastic deformation produced
      during compression. The radius of curvature is calculated by using Hertz's
      equation for elastic deformation, which is assumed to hold during decompression.
      The number of contact points per unit cross section is taken as a simple multiple
      of a number deduced from the particle size, the indentation hardness values, and
      the solid fraction. A similar approach is used to replace the area per contact
      point produced when under compression. The resulting equation is used to estimate
      the bonding index. Values corresponding to the lower range of experimentally
      determined bonding indices are obtained. Arguments are presented to suggest that
      large values of the bonding index (tensile strength/indentation hardness)
      probably result principally from plastic (including viscoelastic) deformation
      during decompression. Nondispersion forces may contribute but are not believed to
      be of sufficient magnitude to account for the total bond for materials that
      exhibit a large value of the bonding index.

PMID- 4032253
TI  - The influence of solvent on nonaqueous lyotropic liquid crystalline phase formed
      by triethanolammonium oleate.
AB  - The geometry of a lyotropic lamellar liquid crystalline phase formed by
      triethanolamine (TEA) and oleic acid (OLA) with solubilized oligomers of
      polyethylene glycols and different types of oils was determined from small angle
      X-ray diffraction patterns. The region of stability of the lamellar liquid
      crystalline phase on addition of soluble glycols or oils was found to depend on
      the molar ratio of triethanolamine to oleic acid. A series of ethylene glycol
      oligomers, which were solubilized in the polar part of the structure, showed
      maximum solubilization at the OLA-TEA mole ratio of 1.6. The organic oils, on the
      other hand, which are solubilized into the hydrophobic part of the structure,
      exhibited maximum solubilization at the OLA-TEA mole ratio of 0.8.

PMID- 4032254
TI  - Uptake of inhaled n-butyl nitrite and in vivo transformation in rats.
AB  - The uptake of butyl nitrite by rats (500 g, one rat/chamber) was determined over
      a 5-min exposure period. About 44% of the starting amount (771-3855 ppm) of n
      butyl nitrite was consumed in 5 min. Three rats per exposure concentration were
      individually studied for 0-150 min after exposure. Concentrations of blood
      methemoglobin and plasma nitrate, nitrite, butyl nitrite, and butyl alcohol were
      examined. No free nitrite ion or butyl nitrite was detectable in the plasma at
      any time (6.5-150 min) following the exposure. Concentrations at 6.5 min of butyl
      alcohol, nitrate ion, and methemoglobin increased with increasing exposure
      concentrations. Plasma concentrations of butyl alcohol were detectable only
      briefly at 6.5 and 20 min. Methemoglobin levels decreased linearly at higher
      concentrations and as an approximate first-order process at lower concentrations
      (less than 15 g/L of whole blood). By 20 min after the inhalation period, plasma
      nitrate concentrations had decreased from peak levels to higher than baseline
      steady-state nitrate concentrations. Nitrosothiols were not detectable in the
      plasma protein fraction.

PMID- 4032255
TI  - Amiodarone partitioning with phospholipid bilayers and erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - The apparent partition coefficient (P) of amiodarone between aqueous buffer and
      lipid vesicles or erythrocyte ghosts was determined by equilibrium distribution
      using [125I]amiodarone as a tracer. The lipid vesicles consisted of total lipids
      extracted from erythrocyte or of egg phosphatidylcholine alone or mixed with a
      varying amount of stearic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin,
      phosphatidylserine, or cholesterol. All the conditions yielded a similar value of
      P (P approximately equal to 17,000). The log value of the partition coefficient
      of the neutral form of the drug is log PN = 5.95. The value of the extrapolated 1
      octanol-buffer partition coefficient is log PN,oct = 6.66. Partition coefficient
      measurements on erythrocyte ghosts suggested that amiodarone partitioned to a
      similar extent in the protein and lipid content of the membrane.

PMID- 4032256
TI  - Spirosuccinimides as potential anticonvulsants.
AB  - A series of spirosuccinimides was synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant
      activity. The study was designed to apply the Topliss approach to structure
      activity correlations in this novel series of 2-substituted-2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane
      1,3-diones and 2,4-disubstituted-2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,3-diones. While no
      correlation was noted with the 2-substituted derivatives, a good correlation was
      obtained in the 2,4-disubstituted series, indicating that anticonvulsant activity
      was related to increasing tau values. The results of these anticonvulsant tests
      are presented and a rational approach to the structure-activity relationships of
      spirosuccinimides is provided.

PMID- 4032257
TI  - Leaching of zinc compound from rubber stoppers into the contents of automatic
      atropine injectors.
AB  - This report describes how a material within the cartridge of an automatic
      injector contaminated its contents. On prolonged storage, a formulation that
      contained atropine produced lethality in mice. The toxic material originated from
      zinc compounds that were present in the rubber stopper and plunger of the
      container and that subsequently leached into the formulation. The contents of
      cartridges that contained greater than or equal to 0.75 mg/mL of solubilized zinc
      were lethal to at least 20% of the mice tested; those that contained 0.42 mg/mL
      showed no lethality. The problem resulted from the physicochemical properties of
      the rubber, not the concentration of zinc used in the vulcanization process.

PMID- 4032258
TI  - The mean residence time of drugs in the systemic circulation.

PMID- 4032259
TI  - Wagner's exact Loo-Riegelman equation: the need for a criterion to choose between
      the linear and logarithmic trapezoidal rule.

PMID- 4032260
TI  - Balanced incomplete-block design: its use and misuse.

PMID- 4032261
TI  - Solubility properties in polymers and biological media 5: an analysis of the
      physicochemical properties which influence octanol-water partition coefficients
      of aliphatic and aromatic solutes.
AB  - Octanol-water partition coefficients of 102 aliphatic, polychloro aliphatic, and
      aromatic non-hydrogen-bond donor and hydrogen-bond donor solutes are well
      correlated (r = 0.989, SD = 0.175) by the equation: log Kow = 0.20 + 2.74 V/100 -
      0.92 pi - 3.49 beta, where V is the molar volume (taken as the molecular weight
      divided by the liquid density) and pi and beta are the solvatochromic parameters
      that measure solute dipolarity/polarizability and hydrogen-bond acceptor
      basicity. A set of "ground rules" (modifications of the input parameters) are
      described which allow the inclusion of both aliphatic and aromatic solutes in the
      same correlation equation. Monomer beta values (betam) are used for alcohol
      solutes.

PMID- 4032262
TI  - Predictive relationships in the water solubility of salts of a nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drug.
AB  - A number of metal and amine salts of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug 2-(2
      fluoro-4-biphenylyl)propionic acid (flurbiprofen) (1) were synthesized, and the
      water solubilities of these materials were investigated. The solubility of
      flurbiprofen versus pH is in excellent agreement with the theoretical profile
      which assumes an intrinsic solubility of 5.0 X 10(-5) M for the free acid and a
      pKa of 4.22. The solubility determination of 1:1 amine salts of slightly soluble
      carboxylic acids is complicated by possible precipitation of the free acid when
      the salt is dissolved in water. The lower than expected apparent salt solubility
      seen when this phenomenon occurs is referred to as the "stoichiometric
      solubility." A theoretical treatment delineating three distinct regions in the
      phase solubility diagram for the tromethamine salt of flurbiprofen illustrates
      the care which must be taken in characterizing the system for salt solubility
      determinations. A multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to
      determine the relationship between the log Ksp of six amine salts and their
      melting points and cation hydrophilicities. While a strong dependence of Ksp on
      melting point was found, there was not a significant correlation between Ksp and
      amine cation hydrophilicity.

PMID- 4032263
TI  - Analgesic potencies of morphine 3- and 6-sulfates after intracerebroventricular
      administration in mice: relationship to structural characteristics defined by
      mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Morphine 3-sulfate, which carries a polar, acidic group at the 3-position much
      like morphine, does not differ greatly in analgesic potency from morphine
      following intracerebroventricular administration. This differs from the non
      ionizable 3-methyl and 3-ethyl ethers, which are less potent analgesics than
      morphine. Morphine 6-sulfate, which differs from morphine by having an ionizable
      group at carbon-6 at physiological pH, is a more potent analgesic than morphine
      following intracerebroventricular administration. Variations in analgesic potency
      following modifications at the hydroxyl groups appear only to reflect alterations
      in point charges rather than structural alterations.

PMID- 4032264
TI  - Hydrolysis and solvent-dependent 2'----5'and 3'----5' acyl migration in prodrugs
      of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine.
AB  - As a prerequisite to quantitative in vivo studies to further explore the
      promising topical activity of the 2',3'-di-O-acetyl derivative of 9-beta-D
      arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) against herpes virus infections, the kinetics of
      solution degradation of the 2',3'-di-O-acetyl derivative and the 2'-,3'-, and 5'
      monoacetates were investigated. The rates of aqueous solution hydrolysis were
      found to be consistent with rank order predictions based on a consideration of
      substituent effects. Preliminary in vivo hydrolysis data, however, do not
      correlate with such predictions, indicating a need for more systemic studies of
      the effect of molecular structure on enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis. An important
      reaction of the 2'-3'-diester and the 3'-monoester in aqueous solution, in
      addition to ester hydrolysis, is 3'----5' acyl migration. 2'----5' Acyl migration
      does not occur in water but is the predominant migration pathway in organic
      solvents, as verified by studies in acetonitrile. 1H NMR spectroscopy was
      employed to study the dependence of the conformation of the sugar ring on the
      solvent environment. Although a change in the equilibrium between the C(2')endo
      and C(3')endo conformational states does occur, it is not a dramatic change and
      cannot explain the solvent selectivity observed in the acyl migration kinetics.

PMID- 4032265
TI  - Computer-assisted structure--anticancer activity correlations of carbamates and
      thiocarbamates.
AB  - With the aid of the computer, approximately 8000 compounds that incorporate a
      carbamate or thiocarbamate moiety, which have been tested as potential anticancer
      agents at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), were classified and their
      structure-activity correlations against the in vivo P-388 and L-1210 leukemias
      were evaluated. Aromatic carbamates and thiocarbamates have shown good activity
      against P-388 and poor activity against L-1210. The majority of active compounds
      in this series of aromatic carbamates possess a 2- or 4-heteroatom-substituted
      phenyl attached to the carbamate oxygen atom or the thiocarbamate sulfur atom
      with the carbamate nitrogen atom as NHMe. The N-phenyl carbamates were much less
      active against P-388 than the phenyl carbamates; only bis-N-phenyl carbamates
      with a methylene bridge between the two phenyl groups showed good activity
      against both P-388 and L-1210 leukemias. Except for the mycophenolic acid
      carbamates, the fused phenyl carbamates showed poor activity against both P-388
      and L-1210 leukemias. Certain nitrogen-heterocyclic carbamates and carbamates
      with heteroatom substituents have been selected by the NCI for development toward
      clinical trials. The nature of the heterocyclic carrier and the position of
      attachment to the carbamate moiety have a major role on the mode of action of the
      antitumor activity of these compounds.

PMID- 4032266
TI  - Altered drug-serum protein binding in the genetically obese Zucker rat.
AB  - Drug-serum protein binding was evaluated in genetically obese Zucker rats, their
      lean littermates, and lean Sprague-Dawley rats. The free fraction (fp) of
      phenytoin was significantly higher in the obese rat (fp = 0.177) compared to its
      lean littermate (fp = 0.136), apparently due to displacement by free fatty acids.
      Conversely, diazepam and propranolol fp values were decreased in the obese Zucker
      rat (fp = 0.107 and fp = 0.122, respectively) compared to the lean Zucker rat (fp
      = 0.140 and fp = 0.174, respectively). Evidence strongly suggests that the
      increased binding of propranolol was not due to elevations in the serum
      concentrations of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (as is the case in the human obese
      population). Rather, the decreased fp for both diazepam and propranolol was a
      result of increased lipoprotein partitioning. Strain differences between the lean
      Zucker rat and lean Sprague-Dawley rat were also evident, with serum binding of
      the Sprague-Dawley rat more closely resembling the obese Zucker rat.

PMID- 4032267
TI  - Improvement of dissolution and suppository release characteristics of
      flurbiprofen by inclusion complexation with heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta
      cyclodextrin.
AB  - The inclusion behavior of methylated beta-cyclodextrins, heptakis(2,6-di-O
      methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin and heptakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin in
      solution and the solid state was compared with that of natural beta-cyclodextrin
      using an anti-inflammatory drug, flurbiprofen, as a guest molecule. Stability
      constants were determined by the solubility method at various temperatures, and
      the thermodynamic parameters were calculated for inclusion complex formation in
      aqueous solution. The solid complexes were obtained in a molar ratio of 1:1, and
      their dissolution behavior and release from suppository bases were examined. The
      data suggest that the inclusion mode of the complex with 3 is somewhat different
      from that of the complexes with 1 and 2. From a practical point of view, 2 seems
      to be particularly useful for improving the pharmaceutical properties of
      flurbiprofen in various dosage forms.

PMID- 4032268
TI  - Liquid chromatographic analysis of enviradene, a new antiviral agent, in plasma
      and its application in bioavailability studies in the dog.
AB  - A rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay has
      been developed for the determination of enviradene, 1, at concentrations of 2-5
      ng/mL in plasma. The drug was extracted from the samples using benzene. The
      benzene extract was evaporated and the residue dissolved in the mobile phase. The
      HPLC system consisted of a reversed-phase column and a 75% methanol:25% 0.2 M
      sodium acetate mobile phase. Either a UV detector set at 268 nm or an
      electrochemical (EC) detector set at a potential of +0.9 V (versus Ag/AgCl/3 M
      NaCl) was used to monitor the drug. A column-switching system was used to remove
      late-eluting plasma constituents that interfered in subsequent chromatograms. The
      limit of sensitivity was 2 ng/mL for the HPLC-EC procedure and 5 ng/mL for the
      HPLC-UV procedure. Recovery from plasma was approximately 97%; the procedure had
      a relative error of approximately 3% and a relative standard deviation of 4.5%
      over the range of 20-200 ng of 1/mL of plasma. Following intravenous
      administration of 1 or 2 mg/kg of 1 to dogs, the parent drug was quantitated in
      plasma for 24 h using this procedure. The terminal phase half-life in plasma was
      calculated to be 10 h. Oral administration to dogs of single 8 mg/kg doses of 1,
      formulated with povidone-30 or polysorbate 80 and microcrystalline cellulose,
      produced high and persistent plasma concentrations of drug. At doses below 2
      mg/kg, plasma concentrations were found to be nonlinearly related to the amount
      of the dose administered. The bioavailability of the drug in dogs was found to be
      increased by the concomitant administration of food.

PMID- 4032269
TI  - Chlorthalidone pharmacodynamics in beagle dogs.
AB  - A pharmacodynamic approach was employed to examine the diuretic effect of
      chlorthalidone in beagle dogs and to identify parameters necessary for
      optimization of an oral dosage formulation of this drug. The extensive
      partitioning of chlorthalidone into erythrocytes was shown to be
      noninstantaneous, with an in vitro partitioning half-life of 18 min. In vivo
      studies using oral and intravenous solutions confirmed this finding.
      Additionally, the diuretic effect was demonstrated to be related to the drug
      concentration in the plasma fraction. These studies led to the development of a
      relevant pharmacokinetic model which highlighted the importance of the oral
      absorption rate on the diuretic efficacy of chlorthalidone. A novel, rapidly
      dissolving, stabilized, amorphous chlorthalidone tablet formulation was compared
      to various oral solution and tablet formulations. Pharmacokinetic analysis by
      classical compartmental models and by moment techniques demonstrated that the
      rapidly dissolving tablet formulation was bioequivalent to an oral solution of
      chlorthalidone. Preparations containing crystalline chlorthalidone are shown to
      be incompletely absorbed, and the rates of absorption favor partitioning into the
      erythrocyte fraction. It is projected from the pharmacodynamic model that the
      novel chlorthalidone preparation optimizes plasma levels necessary to invoke a
      diuretic response.

PMID- 4032270
TI  - Degradation of chlorthalidone in methanol: kinetics and stabilization.
AB  - The reaction of chlorthalidone with methanol to give the corresponding methyl
      ether was investigated. The kinetics are pseudo-first-order in chlorthalidone,
      but the observed pseudo-first-order rate constants show an unexpected dependence
      on the initial chlorthalidone concentration, attributable to the presence of
      trace catalytic impurities in commercial chlorthalidone. Evidence is presented to
      show that trace heavy metals are probably responsible for the primary catalytic
      effect. Trace quantities of acetic acid are also present and show a smaller
      secondary catalytic effect. Kinetics in the presence of added heavy metals and
      acetic acid were examined. EDTA and povidone reduce the degradation rate.
      Stabilization by EDTA is due to its ability to chelate heavy metals.
      Stabilization by povidone is also primarily due to its ability to complex heavy
      metals; complexation data of ferric and nickel ions with povidone and with 1
      methyl-2-pyrrolidinone as a monomer model are presented. In addition,
      complexation constants were calculated for the interaction of povidone with
      chlorthalidone, which may also play a role in stabilization.

PMID- 4032271
TI  - Effects of magnesium oxide on trichlormethiazide bioavailability.
AB  - The effect of an antacid, magnesium oxide (MgO), on the bioavailability of a
      thiazide diuretic, trichlormethiazide, was studied in 10 healthy subjects who
      fasted overnight. A single oral dose of 4 mg of 1 alone or in combination with
      0.5 g of MgO was given in a two-way Latin-square crossover design. Urine
      concentrations of 1 during the 24 h after each dose were determined by an HPLC
      method. There were no significant differences for drug alone versus drug with MgO
      in the mean percentage recovery (60 versus 62%) and the cumulative amount
      excreted unchanged in urine over 24 h (2408 versus 2463 micrograms). However,
      coadministration of MgO increased the mean excretion rate of 1 at 0.75 h and 1.5
      h (p less than 0.05), the cumulative amount excreted unchanged in urine over 2 h
      (p less than 0.05), and the absorption rate constant (p less than 0.05).
      Therefore, the extent of bioavailability was not influenced by MgO, but the rate
      of absorption was enhanced. The solubility of 1 increased remarkably by changing
      from pH 1.2 to 8.0 (141 to 1365 micrograms/mL). The dissolution rate of 4 mg of 1
      in 500 mL of medium was not affected by an increase in pH. However, a 1.5-fold
      increase of the dissolution rate in 20 mL of medium was observed by changing from
      pH 1.2 to 7.3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032272
TI  - Bioequivalence of carbamazepine chewable and conventional tablets: single-dose
      and steady-state studies.
AB  - Single-dose and steady-state studies were carried out on separate occasions to
      examine the bioequivalence of the newly formulated carbamazepine chewable tablet.
      In the single-dose study, the plasma levels resulting from 2 X 200-mg
      conventional tablets (CT), 4 X 100-mg chewable tablets swallowed whole (SW), and
      4 X 100-mg chewable tablets chewed before swallowing (CHEW) were compared. A
      randomized 3 X 3 Latin-square design balanced for residual effects, with a 3-week
      washout period, was used (n = 6). Plasma samples were analyzed by a specific GC
      method for carbamazepine. The following parameters were used for evaluation: AUC,
      Cmax, tmax, and t1/2. None of the parameters were significantly different except
      Cmax and t1/2 values for CHEW and CT. The Cmax was 25% higher and t1/2 was 11%
      shorter for CHEW than CT. The impact of differences in the peak plasma levels at
      steady state were examined by pharmacokinetic projection (400 mg b.i.d.) based on
      the single-dose data and with simulated induction equal to a 50% reduction in
      t1/2. The projected steady-state CT and CHEW plasma concentrations were similar,
      with a difference of only 4%. The results demonstrate the bioequivalence of the
      dosage forms with respect to the extent of absorption, and similar steady-state
      concentrations of carbamazepine in plasma can be expected. To test the conclusion
      from the projected study, a separate bioequivalence study to compare CHEW
      relative to CT was performed at steady state in normal volunteers (200 mg
      b.i.d.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032273
TI  - Bioanalysis and disposition of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, a new histidine
      decarboxylase inhibitor.
AB  - A sensitive, selective, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic
      procedure was developed for the determination of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine
      (alpha-FMH) in human biological samples. The plasma assay required isolation of
      the drug using a weak cation-exchange resin prior to HPLC analysis with UV
      detection. The urine assay employed postcolumn derivatization with o
      phthalaldehyde (without a thiol) and fluorescence detection. The extent of
      metabolism of alpha-FMH in humans was studied in four healthy volunteers using
      tritium-labeled material. No significant differences in the plasma and urine
      concentrations of radioactivity and unchanged drug were detected. In addition,
      the radiochromatograms of selected urine samples revealed a single peak with a
      retention time corresponding to the unchanged drug. The evidence presented
      suggests negligible biotransformation of alpha-FMH in humans.

PMID- 4032274
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of propylene glycol in humans during multiple dosing regimens.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of propylene glycol has been examined during multiple oral
      dosing regimens. The glycol is rapidly absorbed, with Cpmax observed within 1 h
      following administration. The terminal elimination half-life is approximately 4
      h. After a minimum of 10 half-lives of maintenance dosing on a fixed regimen, the
      accumulation of propylene glycol differed significantly among individuals because
      of variability in apparent clearance. The average apparent total body clearance
      is approximately 0.1 L/kg X h and may be concentration dependent. The apparent
      volume of distribution is approximately 0.5 L/kg, approximating total body water.

PMID- 4032275
TI  - Serum-catalyzed hydrolysis of metronidazole amino acid esters.
AB  - Glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), valine (Val), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile),
      phenylalanine (Phe), and lysine (Lys) esters of metronidazole were synthesized
      using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) coupling or a mixed-anhydride route, using
      tert-butyloxycarbonyl (tert-Boc) amino acids. Human serum-catalyzed hydrolysis of
      these esters at 37 degrees C give half-lives varying from 4.5 min for the Phe
      ester to 96 h for the Ile ester. Also determined was the pH-rate profile for
      hydrolysis in aqueous buffers at 25 degrees C. A linear relationship was observed
      between the logarithmic value of the hydrolysis rate constant in serum and that
      of the OH- -catalyzed hydrolysis of cationic esters. This finding may indicate
      that the esters studied are "equally" poor substrates for binding to the enzymes
      in serum and, thus, the difference observed in the serum-catalyzed hydrolysis
      rate is solely derived from the chemical lability of an ester bond.
      Interestingly, the extent of chemical activation observed in the buffer system
      appears to be amplified in the serum-catalyzed hydrolysis.

PMID- 4032276
TI  - Automated flow-injection pseudotitration of boric acid.
AB  - An automated flow-injection pseudotitrimetric determination of boric acid, using
      a flow-injection photometric analyzer controlled by a microcomputer, is
      described. The method is based on the injection of 200 microL of sample in a
      flowing stream of mannitol-bromothymol blue "titrant" and measuring the peak
      width in time units. Equivalent times of 10-70 s are measured with CV values of
      0.1-0.4% (n = 5) and the analytical range is 1.5-309 mg/100 mL (2.5 X 10(-4)-5 X
      10(-2 M) of boric acid. The method was evaluated by performing recovery studies
      in mixtures (mean 99.8%) and assays of commercial preparations which were
      compared with the official classical titrimetric method.

PMID- 4032277
TI  - 4-Methylpyrazole disposition in the dog: evidence for saturable elimination.

PMID- 4032278
TI  - Impact of liposomal drug carriers on drug pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 4032279
TI  - Alternate interpretation of the role of water in the erythromycin structure.

PMID- 4032280
TI  - Commercial aluminum hydroxide.

PMID- 4032281
TI  - Additive protection of cimetidine and N-acetylcysteine treatment against
      acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis in the rat.
AB  - Cimetidine protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in the rat as evidenced
      by improved survival, lower serum aminotransferases, improved liver histology,
      decreased in vivo and in vitro covalent binding of acetaminophen to liver protein
      and decreased rate of glutathione depletion. This protection is best explained by
      inhibition of acetaminophen oxidation by cimetidine. N-acetylcysteine, the
      accepted antidote, protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity primarily by
      enhancing glutathione synthesis. Inhibition of acetaminophen oxidation by
      cimetidine has been demonstrated directly in vitro with both rat and human liver
      microsomes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether cimetidine and
      N-acetylcysteine might be additive in their protection against acetaminophen
      hepatotoxicity as cimetidine and N-acetylcysteine have different mechanisms of
      protective action. Treatment with either cimetidine or N-acetylcysteine improved
      survival and serum transaminases in a dose-related manner but protection by the
      combination was additive when compared to each agent alone. Cimetidine decreased
      the rate of hepatic glutathione depletion and acetaminophen covalent binding in
      vivo in a dose-dependent manner whereas only a high dose of N-acetylcysteine
      decreased covalent binding. However, the combination of cimetidine and N
      acetylcysteine more effectively prevented glutathione depletion and covalent
      binding in vivo than either agent used alone. We conclude that protection against
      acetaminophen hepatotoxicity using a combination of cimetidine and N
      acetylcysteine is better than that found with either agent alone. Inasmuch as
      cimetidine does not increase hepatic glutathione per se, or does N-acetylcysteine
      inhibit acetaminophen oxidation, the additive protection against acetaminophen
      hepatotoxicity is best explained by the above mentioned mechanisms of action for
      each agent.

PMID- 4032282
TI  - Effect of gossypol on erythrocyte membrane function: specific inhibition of
      inorganic anion exchange and interaction with band 3.
AB  - The effects of gossypol on membrane functions of the human erythrocyte were
      studied. Gossypol (10 microM) had no effect on spontaneous hemolysis, osmotic
      fragility, cell volume, cholinesterase activity, hexose transport, ouabain
      sensitive inorganic cation transport, ouabain-insensitive inorganic cation
      transport and nucleoside transport. Conversely, 10 microM gossypol inhibited
      inorganic anion transport by approximately 90% for three different substrates,
      i.e., phosphate, sulfate and chloride. Inhibition of inorganic anion transport
      was specific as 10 microM gossypol had no effect on the eight aforementioned
      membrane-related functions of the human erythrocyte. Inhibition inorganic anion
      transport was characterized using sulfate as the substrate and had the following
      features: it was potent, with a Ki of approximately 3 microM; it was rapid, with
      onset occurring in less than 1 min; it was potently blocked by physiological
      concentrations of albumin and plasma with 50% blocking achieved at 0.03% (w/v)
      albumin; it occurred by a noncompetitive kinetic mechanism; it was independent of
      medium Ca++, Mg++ or pH. Gossypol was bound to human erythrocytes and cell
      membranes isolated from erythrocytes. 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic
      acid is a potent inhibitor of anion transport and can be covalently bound to band
      3. Covalently bound 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid blocked a
      fraction of gossypol binding to erythrocyte membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4032283
TI  - Effect of hypoxia and pregnancy on antipyrine metabolism in isolated perfused rat
      livers.
AB  - The effect of hypoxia on antipyrine metabolism was studied in isolated perfused
      livers from pregnant (19-21 days gestation) and nonpregnant female Wistar rats.
      Hypoxia was induced by altering the blood content and/or flow rate of the
      recirculating perfusion medium. Inflow and outflow pO2 values, in themselves,
      were not valid indicators of oxygen delivery and consumption when the liver was
      perfused with a blood containing medium. At a given oxygen delivery rate, oxygen
      consumption per gram of liver was the same in nonpregnant and pregnant rat
      livers. The absolute clearance of antipyrine (milliliters per hour) was
      significantly greater in livers from pregnant compared to nonpregnant rats,
      whereas antipyrine clearance, corrected for liver weight (milliliters per hour
      gram of liver), was significantly lower in pregnant rat livers. Antipyrine
      clearance (milliliters per hour) was linearly related to oxygen consumption
      (milliliters per minute or micromoles per minute per gram of liver) in both the
      nonpregnant and pregnant rat livers. As oxygen consumption decreased, livers from
      pregnant rats maintained a greater ability to clear antipyrine than livers from
      nonpregnant rats. This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining adequate
      oxygen delivery to isolated perfused livers during drug metabolism studies to
      ensure constant oxygen consumption. Otherwise, alterations in the flow rate or
      hematocrit of the perfusion medium may directly alter the elimination rate of the
      substrate.

PMID- 4032284
TI  - Effects of albumin and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein on elimination of prazosin and
      antipyrine in the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of albumin and alpha-1 acid
      glycoprotein on the elimination of drugs with a low extraction ratio in the
      isolated perfused rat liver. The unbound clearance of prazosin increased 69%
      after the addition of 14 mg/ml of albumin to the perfusate whereas the unbound
      clearance decreased by 51% after the addition of 0.85 mg/ml of alpha-1 acid
      glycoprotein. The clearance of antipyrine, a compound not bound to albumin or
      alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, increased 28% in the presence of albumin but was not
      altered in the presence of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. These results suggest that
      albumin has the ability to enhance the elimination of drugs both bound and not
      bound to albumin. This effect was found not to be related to pH changes across
      the liver or to the oncotic pressure effect of albumin. Alpha-1 acid
      glycoprotein, on the other hand, seems to be able to decrease the elimination of
      drugs which bind to it, but has no effect on drugs that are not bound.

PMID- 4032285
TI  - Phencyclidine (PCP) disposition kinetics in dogs as a function of dose and route
      of administration.
AB  - Phencyclidine (PCP) disposition kinetics has been examined in dogs as a function
      of dose and after i.v. and p.o. administration. Intravenous doses ranged from a
      tracer quantity of [3H]PCP to 5 mg/kg of unlabeled PCP. The elimination half-life
      of intact PCP was relatively short with harmonic mean values of 2.7, 5.4 and 3.9
      hr for the tracer, 1- and 5-mg/kg doses, respectively. In contrast, measurement
      of total radioactivity gave a much longer half-life (35-52 hr) suggesting slower
      metabolite elimination. The drug has a large apparent volume of distribution
      (weighted mean of 20 liters/kg) and a systemic clearance (which is primarily
      metabolic) that approaches estimates of liver blood flow in the dog. Renal
      clearance of intact PCP represents a small fraction of total clearance.
      Percentage of the [3H]PCP dose recovered as total radioactivity was 49% in urine
      and 12% in feces. Several metabolites of PCP were determined in urine and they
      account for about 30% of the dose with the aminopentanoic acid derivative being
      present in the greatest amount. One of the hydroxylated metabolites is present in
      cis- and trans-forms, with the latter predominating. Three animals received an
      i.v. dose of [3H] PCP and a p.o. dose of unlabeled PCP at the same time to
      determine absolute bioavailability. Approximately 25% of the dose is absorbed
      intact. The p.o. (intrinsic) clearance of PCP is about four times greater than
      systemic clearance suggesting a blood flow-dependence in clearance and
      substantial first-pass hepatic metabolism.

PMID- 4032286
TI  - Phenotypic differences in mephenytoin pharmacokinetics in normal subjects.
AB  - The urinary metabolic profile of mephenytoin and its oxidative metabolites
      indicates significant stereoselective metabolism of its two enantiomers. Also,
      polymorphic oxidation, which is present in about 2 to 5% of the Caucasian
      population, has been demonstrated by an impaired ability to 4-hydroxylate this
      anticonvulsant. In order to determine the consequences of such metabolism, the
      plasma concentration/time profiles of the enantiomers of mephenytoin and its N
      demethylated metabolite, phenylethylhydantoin (PEH), were investigated after a
      single p.o. dose of racemic mephenytoin in normal subjects with different
      metabolizing ability for mephenytoin [extensive metabolizer (EM) vs. poor
      metabolizer (PM) phenotypes]. In the EM subjects, the disposition of S- and R
      mephenytoin was markedly different with a 100- to 200-fold difference in mean
      oral clearance (4.7 vs. 0.027 liters/min) and a 30- to 40-fold difference in
      elimination half-life (2.1 vs. 76 hr). In these same subjects, R-PEH
      concentrations significantly accumulated over several days and then very slowly
      declined with an apparent half-life of about 200 hr. Plasma levels of S-PEH were
      essentially negligible. In contrast, the stereoselective elimination of
      mephenytoin was reduced markedly in subjects of the PM phenotype, with the
      disposition of the S-enantiomer being the same as that for R-mephenytoin, which
      in turn was similar to that observed for this enantiomer in EMs. Almost
      comparable plasma levels of S- and R-PEH were also present in PMs. Only a small
      amount (less than 5%) of unchanged mephenytoin was excreted in the urine
      regardless of phenotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032287
TI  - Alteration of transit time and direction of flow to probe the heterogeneous
      distribution of conjugating activities for harmol in the perfused rat liver
      preparation.
AB  - Previous studies in the once-through perfused rat liver preparation have shown
      that the techniques of normal and retrograde delivery of substrate and computer
      simulation of enzyme distributions along the sinusoidal flow path in liver were
      useful in delineating the relative distributions of sulfation and glucuronidation
      activities for harmol metabolism (Pang et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 224: 647
      653, 1983). The observed steady-state hepatic extraction ratios of harmol and the
      steady-state formation rates of harmol sulfate and harmol glucuronide were
      consistent with three enzyme-distribution models which described a proximal
      localization of sulfation activity and a more distal distribution of
      glucuronidation activities. The present study was a further refinement on the
      definition of the distribution of these activities. The experimental approach
      used included the perturbation of delivery of harmol (10 microM) at 8, 12 and 16
      ml/min by normal flow, and the alternation of normal and retrograde directional
      flows for delivery of harmol (10 microM) at constant hepatic blood flows (8, 12
      or 16 ml/min) in the single-pass perfused rat liver preparation. The observed
      steady-state sulfation and glucuronidation rates were compared against predicted
      values afforded by models previously shown to be adequate and additional enzyme
      distributed models. The observed and predicted data point to a periportal
      distribution of sulfation activity and an even distribution of glucuronidation
      activity for the metabolism of harmol.

PMID- 4032288
TI  - Binding of drugs with a quaternary ammonium group to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
      and asialo alpha-1 acid glycoprotein.
AB  - The interaction of eight mono- and four bisquaternary ammonium compounds with
      alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and its desialylated derivative was investigated.
      Protein binding was performed in vitro by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees C.
      The simple monoquaternary ammonium compounds tributylmethylammonium,
      tripropylmethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium and procainethobromide were not
      appreciably bound (unbound fraction greater than 0.99). Excellent negative
      correlations of unbound fraction and the log of the octanol/Krebs' partition
      coefficient were obtained for thiazinamium, N-methylimipramine, N
      methyldeptropine and d-tubocurarine, both for alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (r = 
      0.99) and asialo alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (r = -0.94). Bisquaternary ammonium
      compounds, with the exception of hexafluorenium, were only poorly bound. Our
      binding data on N-methyl-deptropine, N-methylimipramine and thiazinamium reveal
      that these compounds are more avidly bound to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein than to
      albumin, in spite of their polar character. The interaction of N-methyldeptropine
      with alpha-1 acid glycoprotein was studied in more detail. Scatchard plots
      revealed the presence of two classes of binding sites. N-Methyldeptropine could
      effectively be displaced by imipramine from its high-affinity binding site. This
      points to the presence of a common high-affinity binding site for tertiary and
      quaternary ammonium compounds on alpha-1 acid glycoprotein.

PMID- 4032289
TI  - Peroral treatment of diabetes insipidus with a polypeptide hormone analog,
      desmopressin.
AB  - In the present study nine diabetes insipidus patients were treated with
      desmopressin (DDAVP) tablets. All patients had a significant reduction of their
      polyuria after a peroral dose of 50 micrograms DDAVP. During a 6-day trial, a
      peroral treatment with two or three daily peroral doses of DDAVP controlled their
      polyuria. A dose-response study in five of the patients indicated that peroral
      DDAVP doses as small as 10 micrograms have effects on renal concentrating
      ability. A log-linear relationship was found between DDAVP doses and maximal
      urine osmolalities and duration of antidiuresis. Measurements of plasma DDAVP
      concentrations after peroral DDAVP revealed a linear relationship between amounts
      of DDAVP absorbed and dose, but with great interindividual differences. The
      results indicate that graded renal response occur at plasma concentrations of
      DDAVP between 1 and 5 pg/ml. The results of this study and the assessment by the
      patients of the treatment indicate that peroral therapy with DDAVP may be an
      attractive alternative to traditional intranasal administration of the drug.

PMID- 4032290
TI  - Hypernoradrenergic innervation of the caudal artery of the spontaneously
      hypertensive rat: an influence upon neuroeffector mechanisms.
AB  - In the present studies we have established that the perfused caudal artery from
      spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats responds to pharmacological and
      physiological stimuli in a manner similar to that described for other blood
      vessels from the SH rat. In addition, the responses of caudal arteries from SH
      rats to exogenous norepinephrine were similar to those of arteries removed from
      normotensive Kyoto Wistar rats. However, responses to sympathetic nerve
      stimulation at high, but not low, frequencies of stimulation were increased in
      arteries from the SH rat. In addition, impairment of neuronal uptake with cocaine
      unmasked a greater responsiveness of arteries from SH rats to sympathetic nerve
      stimulation. Consistent with the latter finding the neuronal uptake and neuronal
      deamination of norepinephrine was larger in caudal arteries from SH rats. A
      histofluorescent and electron microscopic analysis of the sympathetic innervation
      of caudal arteries from SH and Kyoto Wistar rats demonstrated that the vessels
      from SH animals had a greater number of nerve axon bundles and a greater area of
      adventitia occupied by nerve bundles. It is concluded that the ability of high
      rates of nerve stimulation and cocaine to unmask an enhanced responsiveness of
      caudal arteries from SH rats is related to an enhanced innervation of the artery.
      It is suggested that in the SH rat model of hypertension future research into the
      causes of the augmented blood pressure should be directed toward factors
      regulating the density of the sympathetic innervation of the vasculature.

PMID- 4032291
TI  - Barbiturate-induced alterations in the kinetic parameters of slow outward current
      in Aplysia giant neurons.
AB  - Regulation of spike frequency adaptation has been postulated to be a neuronal
      mechanism of action of the barbiturates (Zbicz and Wilson, 1981). A barbiturate
      sensitive slow outward current is present in Aplysia giant neurons, and this
      current is very effective at regulating adaptation. In the current study a
      quantitative method of determining the effect of barbiturates was developed using
      a single-electrode voltage clamp. This method, tail current analysis, involved
      measuring the exponential decay of the slow outward current at the end of a
      depolarizing voltage-clamp command. The tail currents were made up of two decay
      phases with average half-times of 7 and 70 sec, and the tail current amplitude
      accurately reflected the magnitude of slow outward current. Barbiturates were
      found to cause a concentration-related, saturable and stereospecific increase in
      one component of the tail currents, the amplitude of the slow phase. With
      moderate concentrations of barbiturates there were no changes in the other
      parameters describing the exponential decay current. The rank order of potency of
      barbiturates for the enhancement of slow outward current was not well correlated
      with the lipid solubility of these drugs, indicating that slow outward current
      enhancement is not due to a nonspecific mechanism, but rather may be receptor
      mediated.

PMID- 4032292
TI  - Influence of the blood-brain pH gradient on brain phenobarbital uptake during
      status epilepticus.
AB  - Brain uptake and blood concentrations of phenobarbital were determined in rats
      during pentylenetetrazol-induced status epilepticus and compared to nonconvulsing
      controls. Brain phenobarbital concentrations and the brain-to-blood phenobarbital
      ratio were increased 2-fold in freely convulsing animals as compared to controls.
      The degree of systemic acidosis during motor convulsions was greater than the
      degree of brain acidosis. Because phenobarbital is a weak acid, this pH gradient
      favors movement of phenobarbital into the brain during status epilepticus. Motor
      paralysis prevented the development of systemic acidosis and the brain-blood
      partition of phenobarbital was similar to that of nonconvulsing controls. Blood
      phenobarbital concentrations were slightly higher in animals paralyzed during
      status as compared to controls, presumably due to hemodynamic effects of
      convulsions. These studies, as well as our previous studies with lidocaine,
      support the idea that the brain-blood pH gradient is an important determinant of
      drug uptake by the brain during seizures.

PMID- 4032293
TI  - The post-natal development of cutaneous afferent fibre input and receptive field
      organization in the rat dorsal horn.
AB  - The responses evoked in lumbar dorsal horn cells by both natural and electrical
      hind-limb skin stimulation were recorded in the spinal cord of rat pups aged 0-15
      days under urethane anaesthesia. The input volley was recorded on the L4 dorsal
      root and consisted of two separate waves from birth. Latency and threshold
      measurements were consistent with these two waves being immature A (myelinated
      fibre) waves and C (non-myelinated fibre) waves. On the first 3 days of life
      background activity of cells in the dorsal horn was low and evoked discharges
      were sluggish. On electrical stimulation of the skin, neonatal dorsal horn cells
      frequently responded with only 1 or 2 impulses per input volley with long central
      delays of up to 20 ms. Synaptic linkage appeared weak and many cells failed to
      follow stimulation rates of 5 Hz. Natural skin stimulation showed that the
      majority of cells at days 0-3 responded to pinching the skin only. The
      development of responses evoked by C fibres in the dorsal horn was delayed
      compared to that of responses evoked by A fibres. Short and long latency
      responses corresponding to the early A and late C afferent input volleys could be
      recorded in the superficial laminae (I, II and III) of the dorsal horn from day
      0, but in the deeper laminae only early short latency A responses were evoked
      until the age of day 7-8. After this time, a long latency C response also
      appeared and increased in strength with age. Convergence of low and high
      threshold inputs onto dorsal horn cells was rare at birth but increased gradually
      over the following two weeks. Receptive field areas, mapped by natural mechanical
      stimulation of skin, were large at birth and decreased in size with age. At birth
      the mean receptive field area was 14.2% of the total hind-limb area whereas at
      day 15 it was 3.6%. This fall in size was particularly marked in cells of the
      deep dorsal horn. Pinching or brushing the receptive field of many neonatal
      dorsal horn cells resulted in long-lasting after-discharges (30-90 s) which on
      days 0-3 could be more pronounced than the initial evoked response. The duration
      and amplitude of these responses decreased with age. Repetitive electrical skin
      stimulation of the receptive fields of these cells produced 'wind-up' and
      prolonged after-discharge. Ipsilateral, contralateral and distant inhibitory
      components to receptive fields were observed from day 0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 4032294
TI  - The relationship between intracellular calcium and contraction in calcium
      overloaded ferret papillary muscles.
AB  - The photoprotein aequorin was microinjected into cells on the surface of ferret
      papillary muscles. Tension and aequorin light, a function of intracellular Ca
      concentration ([Ca2+]i), were monitored. The preparations were exposed to
      increased concentrations of extracellular Ca ([Ca2+]o). Small increases in
      [Ca2+]o led to the usual increase in both the systolic light signal and the
      developed tension. However, high [Ca2+]o led to a fall in developed tension known
      as Ca overload. This fall of tension was seen at lower [Ca2+]o if the experiment
      was performed in the presence of strophanthidin. In conditions of Ca overload,
      the systolic light signal was either similar in amplitude or larger than the
      systolic light observed under conditions which did not lead to Ca overload.
      Oscillations of diastolic light were invariably present under conditions of Ca
      overload. These oscillations were accompanied by after-contractions which were
      small in relation to the magnitude of the aequorin light oscillations. During Ca
      overload, the variance of the amplitude of the systolic light signal was greater
      than could be accounted for by the random nature of the arrival of photons. Small
      systolic light signals occurred when there had been an oscillation of light in
      the diastolic period immediately preceding the systolic light signal. Large
      systolic light signals occurred when the preceding period (approximately 1 s) was
      free of oscillations of light. These observations suggest that if the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.) has spontaneously released its contents of Ca as
      shown by a diastolic [Ca2+]i oscillation, then a stimulated systolic Ca signal
      occurring within about the next second is smaller, possibly because it takes
      longer than this period for the s.r. to reload with Ca. If this process occurs
      randomly in the various cells of the preparation, developed tension will be
      reduced because those cells which have a small Ca release will act as a
      compliance in series with cells which have a large Ca release.

PMID- 4032295
TI  - Properties of a sympatho-inhibitory and vasodilator reflex evoked by superior
      laryngeal nerve afferents in the cat.
AB  - The background discharge of sympathetic preganglionic neurones shows a marked
      inspiration-synchronous component which is known to originate from within the
      central nervous system. The contribution of this component to total neurogenic
      vasoconstrictor tone is unknown. In order to estimate its extent we have
      exploited the inspiration-suppressing effect of a group of low threshold afferent
      fibres in the superior laryngeal nerve. The electrical activities of the cervical
      sympathetic trunk and of the phrenic nerve were recorded in pentobarbitone
      anaesthetized, paralysed, artificially ventilated, sino-aortic denervated and
      vagotomized cats, together with the perfusion pressure of an innervated hind limb
      perfused at a constant flow rate. Repetitive stimulation of the superior
      laryngeal nerve at an intensity just sufficient to suppress phrenic nerve
      activity inhibited the inspiration-synchronous sympathetic discharge and caused
      hind limb vasodilatation. This vasodilatation was abolished by hexamethonium or
      phentolamine, but was not affected by atropine or propranolol. Following the
      elimination of phrenic nerve activity and inspiration-synchronous sympathetic
      discharge by systemic hypocapnia, repetitive stimulation of the superior
      laryngeal nerve either failed to affect the residual sympathetic activity and
      hind limb perfusion pressure, or caused an increase of both. Stimulation of the
      superior laryngeal nerve with short (0.2 s) trains of stimuli, delivered at
      selected times of the respiratory cycle for several consecutive cycles, had
      similar effects on phrenic nerve bursts, inspiration-synchronous sympathetic
      discharge and hind limb perfusion pressure. Stimulation at progressively earlier
      times during inspiration produced a graded reduction in all three variables,
      while stimulation during late inspiration or early expiration had no effect on
      any of them. The results suggest that the vasodilator reflex, elicited by
      inspiration-suppressing afferents in the superior laryngeal nerve, results from
      selective abolition of the excitatory input which causes the inspiration
      synchronous discharge of sympathetic neurones. The magnitude of the hind limb
      vasodilatation can therefore be taken as an indication of the extent of control
      of hind limb vasoconstrictor tone exerted by this particular input. By comparing
      the magnitude of the reflexly evoked vasodilatation with that of the
      vasodilatation resulting from ganglionic blockade, it was estimated that 24.2% of
      the neurogenic vasoconstrictor tone of the hind limb was attributable to the
      inspiration-synchronous component of sympathetic discharge.

PMID- 4032296
TI  - The possible relation between mastication and parotid secretion in the rabbit.
AB  - Salivary flow has been recorded from conscious rabbits during 1 min periods
      whilst continuously chewing standard laboratory dry pellets or pieces of carrot
      and, in some animals, a mash of pellets with water. Flow was measured using
      contact drop recorders or a continuous flow recorder via Polythene tubes
      permanently inserted into one or both parotid ducts. Large variations in flow
      were obtained with unilateral recordings particularly during dry pellet chewing.
      Bilateral recordings showed that the flow was always greater on one side than on
      the other and that dominant secretion alternated from side to side in an
      apparently random manner. Rabbits chew unilaterally. Videotaped recordings of
      chewing movements showed that the greater secretion was always produced on the
      chewing side. To test the possibility that drying of the oral mucosa, or the
      prolonged hardness of the pellets may result in higher flow rates in animals with
      cannulated ducts than would normally be seen in intact animals, water was
      injected downstream into the mouth through a third cannula. This was inserted in
      an anterograde direction in the parotid duct on one side. Significant reductions
      in flow were recorded during dry pellet eating, but not during carrot eating.
      When animals were fed a soft pellet mash, salivary flow was significantly lower
      than with dry pellets. Recordings have been made from strain gauges attached to
      the ascending ramus of the mandible. Previous findings that dry pellets produce
      greater strain than carrots have been confirmed. It has also been shown that less
      strain is produced with soft pellet mash. The strain gauge data suggested that a
      relation exists between masticatory force and parotid salivary flow. The results
      are compatible with the hypothesis that intra-oral mechanoreceptors may be
      involved in a masticatory-salivary reflex.

PMID- 4032297
TI  - Interactions between motor units and Golgi tendon organs in the tibialis
      posterior muscle of the cat.
AB  - The responses of Golgi tendon organs to single motor unit contractions were
      studied to determine whether receptors located in the same muscle region respond
      to a common set of motor units. In each of five experiments we isolated a large
      fraction (25-65%) of the motor units of the cat tibialis posterior muscle and
      determined to which of the units each of several tendon organs was responsive.
      Each tendon organ was excited by from two to fifteen of the isolated motor units,
      including units which produced very small forces. However, there was a much
      greater probability for large force units to excite a given receptor than for
      small force units to do so. The number of motor units which produced either an
      'unloading' or an 'off response' exceeded, on average, the number of motor units
      which excited the same tendon organ. The extent to which single motor units
      excited both of a pair of tendon organs was examined statistically in relation to
      the mutual proximity of the receptors within the muscle. It was found, on
      average, that the closer were two receptors, the greater was the number of motor
      units that excited both of them. These results suggest that despite the extensive
      territories of individual motor units, the spike trains of tendon organs may
      still encode information about localized muscle activity.

PMID- 4032298
TI  - Secretion of p-aminohippurate by the rat epididymis.
AB  - Secretion of p-aminohippurate (PAH) from blood into the sperm-free lumen of the
      rat cauda epididymidis was studied by a stop-flow luminal perfusion technique.
      After an intravenous injection of [3H]PAH, radioactive material with
      chromatographic properties similar to those of free PAH appeared in perfusates.
      The highest concentration of PAH reached in the lumen was about 3 times that of
      the free PAH in blood. This was achieved after equilibration of the epididymis
      with perfusate for 20 min. Luminal accumulation of PAH by the epididymis was
      inhibited by intravenous injection of probenecid (32 mg/kg). However, deprivation
      of androgens by castration for 21 days had no effect on secretion. The rate of
      secretion (from blood to lumen) of PAH altered in a non-linear fashion with the
      concentration of free PAH in the blood and showed saturation at a free blood
      concentration of about 4 mumol/l. The apparent Km and Vmax values were 2 mumol
      PAH/l blood and 0.2 mumol PAH/h. 20 cm tubule, respectively. Based on the
      concentration profile of PAH across epididymal cells, a model was proposed for
      the secretion of PAH. It is concluded that the secretory mechanism is similar to
      that of the renal tubule. The significance of these results was discussed in
      relation to the functions of spermatozoa in the male reproductive tract.

PMID- 4032299
TI  - Cutaneous receptive field and morphological properties of hamstring flexor alpha
      motoneurones in the rat.
AB  - Intracellular recordings have been made from twenty antidromically identified
      posterior biceps femoris/semitendinosus (p.b.s.t.) hamstring flexor alpha
      motoneurones in the decerebrate-spinal rat. The hamstring motoneurones had either
      low or no spontaneous background activity. In nineteen of the twenty cells high
      frequency phasic responses could be elicited by stimulation of the ipsilateral
      hind paw with firm pressure or pinch. There was no response to light touch or
      brush. Contralateral cutaneous mechanoreceptive fields with higher thresholds and
      weaker responses were present in 70% of the motoneurones. Noxious heating of the
      ipsilateral hind paw produced excitatory responses in six of eight cells tested
      and two of these cells also responded to heating of the contralateral hind paw.
      Stimulation of the ipsilateral sural nerve at graded strengths that successively
      activated A beta, A delta and C afferents produced excitatory post-synaptic
      potentials (e.p.s.p.s) at progressively longer latencies in the motoneurones. The
      C-fibre induced e.p.s.p. lasted up to 200 ms. Horseradish peroxidase was injected
      into ten motoneurones and in seven cases full reconstructions of dendritic field,
      cell body and axon could be made. In agreement with previous reports from studies
      in the cat, the dendritic fields of rat motoneurones are very extensive in the
      rostrocaudal, mediolateral and dorsoventral planes. The general pattern of
      dendritic branching for each motoneurone in this functionally homogeneous
      population was uniformly organized. Three major spatial orientations were always
      present: a rostrocaudally restricted series of dendrites emerging from the cell
      body and directed dorsolaterally towards the dorsolateral funiculus with branches
      in the lateral dorsal horn, a laterally, and a ventromedially directed series of
      branches arranged obliquely in the ventral horn, both of which were distributed
      rostrocaudally for equal distances from the cell body. Many of these dendritic
      branches terminated within the lateral and ventral white columns. Although the
      sizes of the rat flexor motoneurones' somas (51 +/- 4.9 micron, S.E., n = 10)
      were similar to those of cat lumbosacral alpha-motoneurones, the tip-to-tip
      rostrocaudal extent of their dendritic fields (1130 +/- 34 micron, S.E., n = 7)
      was half that reported in the cat. These results are discussed in terms of the
      organization of the cutaneous flexor withdrawal reflex in the rat.

PMID- 4032300
TI  - Measurement of net transplacental transfer of fluid to the fetal sheep.
AB  - If fetal drinking activity is prevented and it is assumed that in the latter
      third of gestation the fetus is capable of maintaining itself in fluid balance,
      then the net amount of fluid gained across the placenta by the fetus is equal to
      the amount of fluid lost from the fetus, by routes other than the placenta, plus
      fluid deposited in growing tissues minus the amount of water produced as a result
      of oxidative metabolism. Net transplacental transfer of fluid to the fetus over a
      3 h period was measured in eight chronically catheterized fetal sheep in which
      drinking activity was prevented by ligating the oesophagus. Urine and lung liquid
      flow rates were measured. In the latter third of gestation, these are the only
      significant sources of fluid loss from these fetuses during the 3 h experimental
      period. Water produced as a result of oxidative metabolism was calculated, as was
      the amount of fluid deposited in growing tissues during the course of the
      experiment. The weight of the fetus at the beginning of the experiment and the
      change in weight that occurred during the experiment was calculated by measuring
      the weight of the fetus at death (within 30 h) and applying an equation which
      describes the body weight-gestation age relationship for merino sheep. Net
      transplacental fluid transfer was 0.40 +/- 0.09 ml min-1 kg-1 (range 0.30-0.54 ml
      min-1 kg-1). Fetal urine flow rate averaged 0.30 +/- 0.11 ml min-1 kg-1. It was
      72.8 +/- 10.0% of the volumes used to calculate net transplacental fluid transfer
      to the fetus. Lung liquid flow rate was 0.079 +/- 0.039 ml min-1 kg-1. It was
      20.2 +/- 9.2% of the volumes used to calculate net fluid intake. The amount of
      fluid deposited as a result of tissue growth was 0.023 +/- 0.001 ml min-1 kg-1;
      it was 5.94 +/- 1.1% of the volumes used in the equation, while the production of
      water as a result of metabolism was 3.9 X 10(-3) ml min-1 kg-1 (Conrad & Faber,
      1977) and constituted 1.01 +/- 0.22% of the volumes used in the equation. This
      method of measuring net transplacental fluid transfer to the fetus can be used to
      measure fetal fluid intake over relatively short periods of time. It also means
      that the effects of disturbances in maternal fluid and electrolyte balance on
      fluid transfer to the fetus can be studied and quantitated.

PMID- 4032301
TI  - Activation of enteric nerve pathways in the guinea-pig duodenum by
      cholecystokinin octapeptide and pentagastrin.
AB  - The action and mechanism of action of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and
      pentagastrin on isolated segments of guinea-pig duodenum were examined using
      contractility studies and by intracellular recordings made from smooth muscle
      cells. Both CCK-8 and pentagastrin caused an excitatory contractile response. The
      threshold concentration ranged from 5 X 10(-11) to 10(-9) M for CCK-8 and 5 X 10(
      10) to 10(-8) M for pentagastrin. The excitatory response was abolished by
      tetrodotoxin (3.1 X 10(-6) M) and atropine (1.5 X 10(-6) M) and inhibited by d
      tubocurarine (up to 2.9 X 10(-5) M). In the presence of atropine a proportion of
      preparations relaxed in response to CCK-8 (nineteen of thirty-one) and
      pentagastrin (thirteen of seventeen). This response was only seen at high
      concentrations of the peptides (10(-8)-10(-7) M) and was abolished by
      tetrodotoxin (3 X 10(-6) M). Intracellular recordings from duodenal smooth muscle
      revealed multiple excitatory junction potentials (e.j.p.s) in response to CCK-8
      and to pentagastrin. These e.j.p.s were identical to those evoked by transmural
      nerve stimulation and were abolished by atropine (1.5 X 10(-7) M) and by
      tetrodotoxin (3 X 10(-6) M). Inhibitory junction potentials (i.j.p.s) were not
      recorded in response to the peptides except on one occasion. It is suggested that
      CCK-8 and pentagastrin cause an increase in duodenal motility by the selective
      activation of excitatory pathways in the enteric nervous system.

PMID- 4032302
TI  - The mechanism of the increase of tonic tension produced by caffeine in sheep
      cardiac Purkinje fibres.
AB  - The effects of caffeine were examined on contraction and membrane current in
      voltage-clamped sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres. The photoprotein aequorin was
      injected into several cells in order to measure the intracellular ionized Ca
      concentration [( Ca2+]i). When the Na-K pump was inhibited, depolarization
      produced a twitch followed by a tonic component of tension. Repolarization
      produced an after-contraction. These components of tension were accompanied by
      corresponding increases of aequorin light. Caffeine (10 mM) decreased both the
      twitch and the after-contraction while increasing the tonic component. The
      application of caffeine also produced a transient increase of aequorin light,
      both during depolarization and at rest, which was followed by a maintained
      decrease in all three components of the light signal. In particular, although
      caffeine decreased the rise of aequorin light during prolonged depolarization it
      increased the tonic tension. The possibility that the effects of caffeine on
      tonic tension could be due to suppression of spontaneous Ca oscillations was
      rejected for the following reasons. (i) Ryanodine (which also abolishes Ca
      oscillations) decreased the magnitude of the tonic tension. (ii) Caffeine still
      increased tonic tension when it was added to a fibre exposed to ryanodine (1-10
      microM). In the presence of ryanodine it was possible to measure [Ca2+]i and
      tonic tension without interference from Ca oscillations. The increase of tonic
      tension produced by caffeine could not be accounted for by a rise of [Ca2+]i. The
      results showed that, at a given level of Ca, caffeine increased tension. The
      results show that a large part of the increase of tonic tension produced by
      caffeine is due to an increase of the Ca sensitivity of the contractile apparatus
      rather than to changes of [Ca2+]i. The consequence of this observation for the
      experimental use of caffeine is discussed.

PMID- 4032303
TI  - A dual mechanism for intracellular pH regulation by leech neurones.
AB  - Neutral-carrier pH-sensitive micro-electrodes were used to investigate
      intracellular pH (pHi) in leech neurones. When used in snail neurones such
      electrodes gave very similar pHi values to those recorded simultaneously by
      recessed-tip glass micro-electrodes. Leech Retzius neurones superfused with a pH
      7.4 HCO3--free physiological saline were found to have a pHi of 7.3, too high to
      be explained by a passive distribution of H+ or OH-. To investigate pHi
      regulation the pHi was decreased by one of three methods: by exposure to
      propionate, by adding and then removing NH4Cl or by exposure to CO2.
      Acidification by any method was followed by a recovery to normal pHi values
      within 15-20 min. In HCO3--free solutions, pHi recovery from acidification was
      blocked by removing external Na or by amiloride (2 mM). In solutions buffered
      with 2% CO2 and 11 mM-HCO3-, amiloride slowed but did not block pHi recovery. The
      anion exchange inhibitor SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'
      disulphonic acid) also slowed pHi recovery in the presence of HCO3-. In CO2/HCO3-
      solution the removal of external Na either slowed or blocked pHi recovery, and
      blocked it completely in the presence of amiloride. We conclude that in HCO3-
      free solutions pHi regulation is by a Na-H exchange system; but in the presence
      of HCO3- there is an additional mechanism which is probably a Na-dependent Cl
      HCO3 exchanger.

PMID- 4032304
TI  - The mechanical properties of ciliary bundles of turtle cochlear hair cells.
AB  - The mechanical behaviour of the ciliary bundles of hair cells in the turtle
      cochlea was examined by deflecting them with flexible glass fibres of known
      compliance during simultaneous intracellular recording of the cell's membrane
      potential. Bundle motion was monitored through the attached fibre partially
      occluding a light beam incident on a photodiode array. The change in photocurrent
      was assumed to be proportional to bundle displacement. For deflexions of 1-100 nm
      towards the kinocilium, the stiffness of the ciliary bundles was estimated as
      about 6 X 10(-4) N/m, with the fibre attached to the top of the bundle. When the
      fibre was placed at different positions up the bundle, the stiffness decreased
      approximately as the inverse square of the distance from the ciliary base. This
      suggests that the bundles rotate about an axis close to the apical pole of the
      cell and have a rotational stiffness of about 2 X 10(-14) N. m/rad. Step
      displacements of the fixed end of the flexible fibre caused the hair cell's
      membrane potential to execute damped oscillations; the frequency of the
      oscillations in different cells ranged from 20 to 320 Hz. Displacements towards
      the kinocilium always produced membrane depolarization. The amplitude of the
      initial oscillation increased with displacements up to 100 nm and then saturated.
      For small displacements of a few nanometres, the hair cell's mechanoelectrical
      sensitivity was estimated as about 0.2 mV/nm. Force steps delivered by the
      flexible fibre caused the bundle position to undergo damped oscillations in
      synchrony with the receptor potential. The mechanical oscillations could be
      abolished with large depolarizing currents that attenuated the receptor
      potential. When placed against a bundle, a fibre's spontaneous motion increased
      and became quasi-sinusoidal with an amplitude several times that expected from
      the compliance of the system. It is suggested that the hair bundle drives the
      fibre. We conclude that turtle cochlear hair cells contain an active force
      generating mechanism.

PMID- 4032305
TI  - Development of synaptic currents in immobilized muscle of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The effect of chronic immobilization on the development of synaptic currents was
      studied in myotomal muscle of Xenopus laevis. Embryos and tadpoles were
      immobilized by rearing them in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) after removal
      of the egg membranes. Immobilization did not affect the developmental change in
      duration of miniature end-plate currents (m.e.p.c.s). Rise times decreased from
      about 3 to 0.6 ms in both immobilized and control muscle, and decay constants
      decreased from about 7 to 1 - 2 ms in both conditions. M.e.p.c.s with double
      exponential decays were recorded in both immobilized and control muscle at
      intermediate and late developmental stages. The fast and slow decay constants
      were 0.7 ms and slightly less than 3 ms in older muscle of both groups. These
      values are comparable to the apparent open times of fast and slow ACh receptors
      present on Xenopus muscle. Application of an anticholinesterase (methanesulphonyl
      fluoride) lengthened the duration of m.e.p.c.s comparably in immobilized and
      control muscle. These data indicate that the deposition of junctional
      acetylcholinesterase and the reduction in open time of acetylcholine receptor
      channels in developing Xenopus myotomal muscle are independent of contractile
      activity of muscle and TTX-blockable action potentials in muscle or motoneurones.

PMID- 4032306
TI  - Mucosal responses evoked by stimulation of ganglion cell somas in the submucosal
      plexus of the guinea-pig ileum.
AB  - The effects of electrical field stimulation and tetrodotoxin on the mucosal
      secretory response were compared in guinea-pig ileal mucosa with and without the
      submucosal plexus. Short-circuit currents and transmural electrical potential
      differences were similar in ganglionated and aganglionated tissues. Total tissue
      conductance was greater after removal of the submucosal ganglia. Electrical field
      stimulation evoked a tetrodotoxin-sensitive increase in short-circuit current in
      ganglionated tissues, and little or no response in aganglionated tissues. Both
      ganglionated and aganglionated tissues responded similarly to carbachol,
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, scorpion venom and alanine. These results
      suggest that electrical field stimulation of guinea-pig ileum evokes an increase
      in short-circuit current that reflects chloride secretion by exciting ganglion
      cell bodies whose axons project to the transporting cells and/or endocrine cells.
      Direct electrical activation of enteroendocrine cells is not a factor in the
      stimulus-evoked secretory response.

PMID- 4032307
TI  - Selective block of Y optic nerve fibres in the cat and the occurrence of
      inhibition in the lateral geniculate nucleus.
AB  - A method of selectively blocking the larger nerve fibres in the optic nerve of
      the cat is described. The optic nerve is compressed between a small balloon and
      the inside of a small metal cylinder. The block is monitored by stimulating and
      recording on opposite sides of the blocked region. The t1 (Y) response can be
      eliminated usually with some loss of the t2 (X) response. Stimulation of the
      blocked optic nerve initially excites certain cells (r2 or X) in the dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus (d.l.g.n.) but this is followed by an inhibition of
      both r1 (Y) and r2 (X) cells. This inhibition is similar in time course to that
      produced by stimulation of t1 fibres, suggesting that the effect may be mediated
      via a similar mechanism. The effect is present in a preparation in which all t1
      fibres have degenerated, removing the possibility that it might have been due to
      inadvertent stimulation of t1 fibres. Experiments on a small number of r2 (X)
      d.l.g.n. cells have confirmed the inhibitory effect of stimulation of the smaller
      optic nerve fibres on X cells.

PMID- 4032309
TI  - Electromyographic activity in the cross-reinnervated soleus muscle of
      unrestrained cats.
AB  - Electromyographic (e.m.g.) activity was recorded from cross- and self
      reinnervated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (e.d.l.) muscles of the cat
      during normal activity, including standing, walking and jumping. Activity
      patterns of normal soleus, e.d.l., and lateral gastrocnemius (l.g.) were
      essentially similar to those shown by other investigators. The self-reinnervated
      soleus fired phasically and synchronously with l.g. during walking but the
      activity was not trimmed to the extent that is seen in normal soleus. This is
      attributed to the relatively limited amount of proprioceptive information arising
      from such muscles. The activity pattern of the cross-reinnervated soleus muscles
      was variable. During walking, the phase of activity was sometimes coincident with
      that of a normal e.d.l., at other times (even in the same animal) it would be
      approximately coincident with l.g. The phase of activity usually consisted of an
      initial burst which was not sustained. Reflex activity elicited from the cross
      reinnervated soleus was very similar to that of normal e.d.l., indicating the
      rigidity of connexions for reflex responses. reinnervated e.d.l. muscles; the
      activity attributable to the cross-reinnervated portion was similar to that seen
      in a self-reinnervated soleus. The activity pattern of soleus, reinnervated by
      the nerve to e.d.l. (an effective antagonist) is unlike that of either a normal
      soleus or e.d.l. muscle. This is attributed to a combination of lack of
      proprioceptive information and/or some degree of central remodelling.

PMID- 4032308
TI  - Differentiation of vasodilator and sudomotor responses in the cat paw pad to
      preganglionic sympathetic stimulation.
AB  - We monitored sweat secretion (using skin potential) and blood flow (using skin
      temperature) in the hind-paw skin of chloralose-anaesthetized cats pre-treated
      with guanethidine, and studied the responses to electrical stimulation of the
      ipsilateral lumbar sympathetic trunk. Stimulation caused sweat secretion and an
      increase in skin blood flow which was almost entirely restricted to the paw pads
      and was completely ipsilateral. Stimulation of the tibial nerve trunk produced
      similar effects, except that the increase in blood flow was more prolonged. The
      vasodilator effect of sympathetic trunk stimulation was not affected by chronic
      deafferentation of the paw. Atropine methonitrate (0.5-1 mg/kg I.V.) abolished
      the sudomotor response to sympathetic stimulation, but did not attenuate the
      blood flow response. Hexamethonium (1-2 mg/kg I.V.) abolished the vasodilator
      response to sympathetic stimulation, but did not affect the sudomotor response.
      Larger doses of hexamethonium (10-20 mg/kg) abolished both responses. The data
      suggest that the lumbar post-ganglionic neurones mediating vasodilatation in the
      skin of the cat paw pad are distinct from those that mediate sudomotor secretion.

PMID- 4032310
TI  - Respiratory modulation of muscle sympathetic and vagal cardiac outflow in man.
AB  - We studied the influence of respiration on muscle sympathetic and cardiac vagal
      activities in twenty conscious, healthy young adult subjects. Efferent post
      ganglionic muscle sympathetic activity was measured directly with electrodes
      inserted percutaneously into a peroneal nerve, and vagal cardiac activity was
      measured indirectly from electrocardiographic changes of heart period. Muscle
      sympathetic activity waxed and waned with respiration; maximum activity occurred
      at end-expiration and minimum activity occurred at end-inspiration. Voluntary
      control of breathing did not alter the time course or magnitude of muscle
      sympathetic outflow. Spectral analyses showed that respiratory periodicities were
      present in sympathetic and vagal records. Average power at frequencies below
      respiratory frequencies exceeded or equalled that at respiratory frequencies in
      both muscle sympathetic and vagal cardiac records. A cardiac periodicity was
      present and conspicuous in muscle sympathetic recordings in all but one subject.
      Diastolic arterial pressure increased during inspiration and decreased during
      expiration. Heart period and muscle sympathetic activity paralleled each other
      and were related reciprocally to changes of diastolic pressure. Brief reductions
      of carotid baroreceptor afferent traffic provoked by neck pressure were more
      effective in increasing sympathetic activity in expiration than inspiration. We
      conclude that quiet respiration is associated with parallel phasic changes in
      activity of medullary vagal cardiac and spinal muscle sympathetic motonuclei in
      man; spontaneous activity and susceptibility to excitation or inhibition by
      autonomic inputs are greater in expiration than inspiration. Substantial power is
      present in both muscle sympathetic and cardiac vagal recordings at frequencies
      below respiratory frequencies.

PMID- 4032311
TI  - Spinothalamic lumbosacral lamina I cells responsive to skin and muscle
      stimulation in the cat.
AB  - The response characteristics of lamina I neurones recorded extracellularly in the
      lumbosacral enlargement of chloralose-anaesthetized cats were examined with
      peripheral nerve electrical stimulation, adequate mechanical and thermal
      stimulation of hind-limb skin, and algesic mechanical and chemical stimulation of
      musculotendinous structures, particularly the gastrocnemius-soleus (g.s.) muscle.
      Antidromic activation from an electrode array that spanned the contralateral
      thalamus was used to identify lamina I spinothalamic tract (lam.I-s.t.t.)
      neurones. Recordings were made from a total of 218 lumbosacral lam.I-s.t.t.
      neurones. Their mean central conduction latency was 90.1 ms (range 20-300 ms),
      corresponding to a mean conduction velocity of 3.7 m/s (range 1.1-16.7). Neurones
      responsive only to peripheral A delta fibre stimulation had significantly shorter
      central conduction latencies (mean = 62.8 ms) than those with both A delta and C
      fibre input (mean = 81.9 ms) and those with only C fibre input (mean = 134.6 ms).
      Of these 218 neurones, 103 (47%) projected only to medial thalamus, 41 (19%) only
      to lateral thalamus, and 56 (26%) to both; 18 (8%) were classified as mid
      thalamic projecting cells. About 10% of all cells had ongoing activity when first
      isolated. Ninety-three lam.I-s.t.t. neurones responded to stimulation of the
      sciatic nerve. The response characteristics of forty-seven of these were examined
      with the complete set of stimuli used. Twenty-four non-s.t.t. lamina I neurones
      were also characterized for comparison. Twenty-eight of the lam.I-s.t.t. neurones
      tested with the complete set of stimuli responded specifically to either
      cutaneous noxious (n = 19), cutaneous innocuous cold (n = 6) or algesic musculo
      tendinous (n = 3) stimulation. Thirteen neurones responded to cutaneous noxious
      stimulation, and, in addition, to cold stimulation (n = 6), to deep stimulation
      (n = 4), or to both (n = 3). Six cells did not respond to any of the natural
      stimuli employed. All of the cold-specific and many of the multireceptive cold
      sensitive neurones had ongoing discharge. The average central conduction
      latencies of cold-sensitive neurones (65.5 ms) and unresponsive neurones (48.7
      ms) were shorter than that of nociceptive neurones (91.2 ms). Two response
      categories had distinct thalamic projection patterns. The majority of cold
      specific neurones projected only to medial thalamus. Almost all multireceptive
      cold-sensitive neurones projected to both medial and lateral thalamus.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4032312
TI  - C-fibre excitation and tonic descending inhibition of dorsal horn neurones in
      adult rats treated at birth with capsaicin.
AB  - Single unit electrical activity has been recorded from dorsal horn neurones in
      the lumbar cord of rats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone. Three groups of
      animals were used: normal adult rats, adult rats that had been treated at birth
      with capsaicin (50 mg kg-1 s.c.) and adult rats that had been injected at birth
      with the drug vehicle only. Rats treated at birth with capsaicin showed a
      substantial reduction in the number of afferent C fibres as indicated by the
      virtual absence of C waves in the compound action potentials evoked in the sural
      nerve by antidromic stimulation of the L4-L6 dorsal roots. No significant
      differences were found in any of the parameters measured between the vehicle
      treated and the untreated animals. Therefore, rats from these two groups are
      referred to as control animals. All dorsal horn neurones studied were driven by
      electrical stimulation of the A fibres in the ipsilateral sural nerve and had
      cutaneous receptive fields in the ipsilateral hind limb. Two groups of neurone
      were distinguished: those receiving an input from A fibres only (A only) and
      those neurones that could also be driven by sural C fibres (A + C). In the
      control group, 56% of the neurones were A only and 44% were A + C. In capsaicin
      treated rats these proportions were significantly different: 78% and 22%
      respectively. No differences were found in receptive field sizes of A-only
      neurones between those recorded in control rats and those from capsaicin-treated
      animals. However, a large and significant increase in receptive field size of A +
      C neurones was observed in capsaicin-treated rats compared to their counterparts
      in normal animals. In control rats 80% of the A + C neurones showed tonic
      descending inhibition of their C-fibre-evoked responses as assessed by reversible
      spinalization. In capsaicin-treated rats this proportion fell to 47% of the A + C
      neurones. The magnitude of the tonic descending inhibition was also reduced in
      the fewer A + C neurones of capsaicin-treated rats that were subjected to it.
      Only 4% of A + C neurones with tonic descending inhibition in capsaicin-treated
      rats were powerfully inhibited compared to 26% in control animals. The mean
      number of spikes evoked by C-fibre stimulation of the sural nerve in A + C
      neurones of control and of capsaicin-treated rats was not significantly different
      between these two groups of animals in the intact and in the spinalized
      states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4032313
TI  - Activity-dependent excitability changes in normal and demyelinated rat spinal
      root axons.
AB  - Myelinated nerve fibres with a reduced safety factor for conduction due to
      demyelination are easily blocked by trains of impulses. To find out why, in vivo
      recordings from rat ventral root fibres demyelinated with diphtheria toxin have
      been supplemented with in vivo and in vitro recordings from normal fibres.
      Despite a small rise in extracellular potassium activity, normal fibres were
      invariably hyperpolarized by intermittent trains of impulses. This
      hyperpolarization resulted in an increase in threshold and also in an enhancement
      of the depolarizing after-potential and the superexcitable period. Replacement of
      NaCl in the extracellular solution by LiCl completely blocked both the membrane
      hyperpolarization and the threshold increase which were normally observed during
      intermittent trains of impulses. At demyelinated nodes which were blocked by
      trains of impulses (10-50 Hz), conduction block was preceded by a rise in
      threshold current and in an increase in internodal conduction time, but by no
      detectable reduction in the outward current generated by the preceding node. It
      was found possible to prevent the threshold from changing during a train by
      automatic adjustment of a d.c. polarizing current. This 'threshold clamp'
      prevented the conduction failure and virtually abolished the changes in
      internodal conduction time. The threshold changes were attributed to
      hyperpolarization, as in normal fibres, since (a) the polarizing current required
      to prevent them was always a depolarizing current, and (b) they were accompanied
      by an increase in superexcitability. The post-tetanic depression that can follow
      continuous trains of impulses was attributed to the combination of increased
      threshold and enhanced superexcitable period due to hyperpolarization. It is
      concluded that the susceptibility of these demyelinated fibres to impulse trains
      is not due to a membrane depolarization induced by extracellular potassium
      accumulation but to a membrane hyperpolarization as a consequence of electrogenic
      sodium pumping.

PMID- 4032314
TI  - Adaptation of mechanical properties of muscle to high force training in man.
AB  - The first dorsal interosseus muscle of the hand was trained for 8 weeks using
      eighty maximal 10 s voluntary isometric contractions per day. As a result of this
      training the maximal voluntary force increased by 33%, but electrically evoked
      tetanic tension increased by only 11%. In other subjects the muscle was trained
      using electrical stimulation at 60 Hz to evoke eighty maximal 10 s tetani per day
      for 8 weeks. This training produced no increase in maximum voluntary force. Our
      results show that the increase in maximal voluntary force under these conditions
      may be due to a change in the voluntary neural drive to the muscle.

PMID- 4032315
TI  - Effects of prior instruction and anaesthesia on long-latency responses to stretch
      in the long flexor of the human thumb.
AB  - Long-latency (40-80 ms) electromyographic (e.m.g.) responses of the contracting
      flexor pollicis longus to stretches applied at the thumb-tip, were studied in
      normal human subjects. Stretches were applied during four classes of contraction:
      (i) isometric 'hold', in which the subject held a steady isometric contraction;
      (ii) isometric tracking, in which the subject tracked a steadily rising force
      target; (iii) isotonic tracking, in which the subject flexed against a constant
      torque to track a position target; (iv) weight-lifting, in which the subject
      lifted a weight hung at one end of a lever by pressing the thumb-tip on the other
      end of the lever. The effects on the responses of prior instructions to 'resist'
      or to 'let go', and of local anaesthesia of the thumb, were studied. The ability
      to modify the size of the long-latency e.m.g. response in accordance with prior
      instruction was variable. All subjects tested could do so during isometric
      holding contractions, but many could not do so during the other forms of
      contraction. Local anaesthesia of the thumb significantly reduced the long
      latency e.m.g. response in only some subjects, and abolished it in none. The
      reduction was most reliably seen for isometric force tracking contractions.
      During thumb anaesthesia in different subjects, there was a significant
      correlation between the proportional increase in apparent heaviness of an object
      lifted by thumb flexion and the proportional reduction in the size of the long
      latency e.m.g. response to muscle stretch.

PMID- 4032316
TI  - Flow through the foramen ovale of the fetal and new-born lamb.
AB  - Right and left atrial pressures were measured in eight chronically instrumented
      fetal and neonatal lambs. Flows were measured with a combination of
      electromagnetic flow sensor and microsphere techniques. Three of the fetuses were
      ventilated in utero during the measurements. Four fetuses were studied as
      neonates immediately after spontaneous term delivery and one was studied as a
      normal fetus in utero. Data from these preparations were augmented with seven
      sets of previously reported data from normal fetuses in utero for analysis.
      Linear least-squares regression analysis demonstrated that inferior caval vein
      flow into the right atrium was inversely related to right atrial pressure. This
      flow could not be demonstrated to depend on the velocity of blood in the inferior
      caval vein. Non-linear least-squares regression analysis of foramen ovale flow as
      a function of a power of the flow in the inferior caval vein revealed that the
      square of the velocity of blood in the inferior caval vein predicted foramen
      ovale flow. Of the two forces that determine foramen ovale flow in the fetus,
      pressure difference and kinetic energy, the latter was far larger than the
      former. These results support the theory that the fetal foramen ovale is
      maintained in an open position by the kinetic energy of the blood in the inferior
      caval vein.

PMID- 4032317
TI  - Nervous control of mucin secretion into human bronchi.
AB  - Pieces of ferret trachea and human bronchi were mounted in Ussing chambers and
      given [35S]sulphate as a radiolabelled precursor of mucous glycoproteins
      (mucins). The output of 35S bound to macromolecules was studied as an index of
      mucin secretion. In the ferret trachea, electrical field stimulation increased
      the rate of mucin secretion. Tetrodotoxin (10(-7) M or 10(-6) M) abolished this
      effect. Pilocarpine (25 microM) stimulated the output of mucins from human
      bronchus. Atropine (10(-5) M) abolished this effect. Electrical field stimulation
      of human bronchus stimulated mucin secretion. Tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) abolished
      this effect. Field stimulation in the presence of either atropine (10(-5) M) or
      atropine with l-propranolol (10(-5) M) and phentolamine (10(-5) M) caused no
      stimulation of mucin secretion rate. Some bronchi were treated with noradrenaline
      (10(-5) M) for 1 h to allow the adrenergic nerves to take up transmitter. Even in
      these, atropine prevented the effect of field stimulation. We conclude that
      activity in cholinergic nerves can stimulate mucin secretion in the bronchi in
      man. Our results provide no evidence that the adrenergic nerves or non
      adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves have a direct action on bronchial secretory
      cells in man.

PMID- 4032319
TI  - [How does endogenous and exogenous cholesterol influence the lipoprotein
      metabolism. Effects of long-term endurance exercise, and accumulation of
      cholesterol ester on the aortic wall].
AB  - We first supplied the rats with sucrose which accelerates the synthesis of the
      very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). After 5 weeks ingestion, we investigated the
      effects of the long-term endurance exercise on the concentration of the
      endogenous cholesterol and on the accumulation of the cholesterol ester on the
      arterial wall, with the emphasis on lipid metabolism, especially on lipoprotein
      metabolism. The concentrations of triglyceride and VLDL in sucrose-ingested group
      were significantly higher than control. As to the aortic wall, the total amount
      of cholesterol ester was increased (almost twice). Regular endurance exercise
      over long period after serum and hepatic lipids had already reached a high level
      did not reduced the triglyceride in the liver but in serum. It showed be
      emphasized that the exercise reduces triglyceride and VLDL-cholesterol, and to
      this extent does contribute to alleviation of hyperlipidemia and to prevention or
      moderation of arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 4032318
TI  - Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurones in visual cortical areas
      V1 and V2 of the macaque monkey.
AB  - The spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of 148 neurones in the striate
      cortex, V1, and of 122 neurones in the second visual cortical area, V2, of the
      macaque monkey were studied using sine-wave gratings of suprathreshold contrast
      drifting over the receptive field at the preferred orientation and direction.
      Neurones in V1 and V2 were selective for different but partially overlapping
      ranges of the spatial frequency spectrum. At retinal eccentricities of 2-5 deg
      from the fovea, the spatial frequency preferences for neurones ranged from 0.5 to
      8.0 cycles/deg in V1 and from 0.2 to 2.1 cycles/deg in V2 and were on average
      almost 2 octaves lower in V2 than in V1. Spatial frequency full band widths in
      the two cortical areas were in the range 0.8-3.0 octaves, with a mean value of
      1.8 octaves, in the parafoveal representation of both V1 and V2, and 1.4 and 1.6
      octaves respectively in the foveal representation of V1 and V2. Most neurones in
      V1 and some in V2 responded well at temporal frequencies up to 5.6-8.0 Hz before
      their responses dropped off at still higher frequencies. In V1, 68% of the
      neurones exhibited low-pass temporal tuning characteristics and 32% were very
      broadly tuned, with a mean temporal frequency full band width of 2.9 octaves.
      However, in V2 only 30% of the neurones showed low-pass temporal selectivity and
      70% of the cells had bandpass temporal characteristics, with a mean full band
      width of 2.1 octaves. In V2 the minimal overlap of bandpass tuning curves across
      the temporal frequency spectrum suggests that there are at least two distinct
      bandpass temporal frequency mechanisms as well as neurones with low-pass temporal
      frequency tuning at each spatial frequency. A matrix of spatial and temporal
      frequency combinations was employed as stimuli for neurones with bandpass
      temporal frequency selectivity in both V1 and V2. The resultant spatio-temporal
      surfaces provided evidence that a neurone's preference for spatial frequency is
      essentially independent of the test temporal frequency; however, in V2 there was
      some tendency for temporal frequency peaks to shift slightly towards lower
      frequencies when non-optimum values of spatial frequency either above or below
      the preferred value were tested. Neurones with pronounced directional selectivity
      were encountered over a wide range of spatial frequencies, although in both
      cortical areas there was a tendency for an increased incidence of directional
      selectivity among neurones which were selective for lower spatial frequencies and
      higher temporal frequencies.

PMID- 4032320
TI  - [Correlation of subjective assessments with somatosensory evoked potentials to
      electrical stimulation of the finger in man].
AB  - The relationship between 5 positive components of somatosensory evoked potentials
      (EPs) and subjective response to electrical stimuli, which were recorded in the
      same human subjects, was assessed in the present study. Five levels of tactile
      stimuli and 6 levels of noxious stimuli were applied to the tip of the right
      index finger. The relationship between the magnitude of subjective response and
      stimulus intensity was well expressed by a power function. Of 5 major positive
      components in an EP, P30 and P50 were localized at contralateral primary somatic
      projection area, while P90, P190 and P270 were at the vertex area. The amplitude
      of the 5 components systematically increased as increasing stimulus intensity,
      and also increased with the magnitude of subjective response. A significant
      correlation between the amplitude of P30 or P50 and stimulus intensity was found
      when the effect of subjective response was partially out. By contrast, the
      amplitudes of P190 and P270 were associated with subjective response when the
      effect of stimulus intensity was partially out. These results suggest that the
      earlier EP components reflect sensory signal processing, while the latter ones
      concern the subjective evaluating system.

PMID- 4032321
TI  - [Somatosensory evoked potentials and pain discrimination in man].
AB  - The relationship between 10 components of somatosensory evoked potentials (EPs)
      and pain discrimination in man was studied using Signal Detection Theory (SDT)
      psychophysics. Two painful electrical stimuli were delivered to the right index
      finger in random order over all trials. EPs were recorded from the scalp at the
      contralateral primary somatic projection area while subjects performed SDT
      discrimination. The stimulus-response combination was classified into 4
      categories according to SDT response: hits, misses, false alarms (FAs) and
      correct rejections (CRs). The amplitudes and peak latencies of EPs in 4
      categories were compared with each other. EPs associated with hits and FAs had
      significantly greater amplitude at P 190, N 220 and P 270 than those associated
      with misses and CRs, while there was no change in the amplitude of other
      components. The amplitude of these 3 components systematically increased with an
      increase in the magnitude of subjective response. Peak latencies of all
      components were not related to the response categories. These results indicate
      that the amplitude of the 3 last components may be concerned with the pain
      evaluating system in the brain.

PMID- 4032322
TI  - Vocal cues to deception: a comparative channel approach.
AB  - The study investigated the leakage potential of different voice and speech cues
      using a cue isolation and masking design. Speech samples taken from an earlier
      experiment were used in which 15 female students of nursing dissimulated negative
      affect produced by an unpleasant movie or told the truth about positive affect
      following a pleasant movie. Several groups of judges rated these speech samples
      in five conditions: (1) forward or clear, (2) electronic filtering, (3) random
      splicing, (4) backwards, (5) pitch inversion, (6) tone-silence sequences. The
      results show that vocal cues do indeed carry leakage information and that, as
      reflected in the differences among the conditions masking different types of cues
      respectively, voice quality cues may be centrally implicated. In addition, gender
      differences in decoding ability are discussed.

PMID- 4032323
TI  - Cardiovascular and electrodermal adjustments during a vigilance task in patients
      with borderline and established hypertension.
AB  - We studied cardiovascular and noncardiovascular sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
      responses to a vigilance task in patients with borderline (BT) or established
      hypertension (HT). Twelve patients in each group and twelve normotensive controls
      (NT) were subjected to a signalled reaction-time (RT) task which included the
      presentation of a noxious 110 dB white noise contingent upon RT-performance at
      the end of a 30 sec foreperiod. During this foreperiod recordings were made of:
      systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, skin- and muscle-blood flows.
      Skin and muscle vascular resistances were calculated from mean blood pressure and
      regional blood flows. Skin conductance level, fluctuations and responses were
      recorded as noncardiovascular SNS-responses. Compared to NT both HT and BT had
      higher resting blood pressures, heart rate, skin- and muscle-vascular
      resistances. BT showed higher resting skin conductance levels than HT and NT who
      were not different from one another. During stimulation HT and BT evidenced
      pressor hyperreactivity compared to NT. The electrodermal effects did not
      parallel the cardiovascular ones. Skin conductance and cardiovascular variables
      were more closely related in NT than HT or BT. The presence of cardiovascular
      hyperreactivity together with the absence of noncardiovascular hyperreactivity in
      HT indicates heightened SNS-activity specific to the cardiovascular system and
      not part of generalized SNS-arousal. The similarity between HT and BT is
      consistent with the notion that the differences between BT and HT are
      quantitative rather than qualitative.

PMID- 4032324
TI  - A study of brief psychotherapy for chronic pain.
AB  - Twenty-six patients attending the pain clinic of a large metropolitan general
      hospital were randomly assigned to receive either twelve sessions of
      psychodynamic psychotherapy or six sessions of cognitively orientated supportive
      psychotherapy. Questionnaires measuring aspects of illness behaviour, depression
      and anxiety were administered before and after treatment, but did not reveal any
      significant differences between the treatment groups at any time. Global
      subjective estimates of outcome reported to an independent observer were made
      after completion of therapy and showed no significant differences. All measures
      were repeated six and twelve months after completion of therapy and revealed
      significant improvement in the dynamic therapy group only with respect to levels
      of activity. These findings suggest that brief psychodynamically oriented
      psychotherapy may have a role in the management of chronic pain but further
      evaluation of this approach is clearly necessary, involving larger numbers of
      patients, before a more definitive conclusion can be reached.

PMID- 4032325
TI  - Development of a brief self-report measure of the type A (coronary prone)
      behavior pattern.
AB  - This study reports the development of a brief self-report measure of the Type A
      behavior pattern based upon a set of adjectives derived from the Gough Adjective
      Checklist (ACL). Previous work from our laboratory established a set of
      adjectives identified by experts as being relevant to the Type A construct that
      subsequently was found to successfully distinguish Type A individuals from their
      Type B counterparts. In the present study, a Type A self-rating scale based on
      these adjectives was found to be significantly related to an established Type A
      self-report instrument, the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), and to an independent
      behavioral rating based upon a standard structured interview (SI). However, no
      measure of Type A was related to the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) as
      documented by coronary angiography. The advantages and disadvantages of the
      various Type A measures are discussed in the context of their ability to identify
      individuals at risk for the development of CAD.

PMID- 4032326
TI  - Effects of general and thematically relevant stressors in Raynaud's disease.
AB  - Emotional stress has been reported to cause vasospastic attacks in some patients
      with idiopathic Raynaud's disease. In the present study, the physiological and
      subjective responses of 32 Raynaud's disease patients and 22 normal subjects to
      three imagined scenes were compared. Both groups responded similarly to a neutral
      and a generally stressful scene. However, a scene having content thematically
      relevant to Raynaud's disease produced decreased finger temperature in these
      patients but not in normal controls. These findings are discussed in terms of
      stimulus specificity and social learning theories.

PMID- 4032327
TI  - Somatic illness in manic-depressive and schizophrenic patients.
AB  - The study compared the presence of somatic illnesses in manic-depressive (n =
      100) and schizophrenic patients (n = 156) in the out-patient psychiatric clinics
      of three general hospitals. The average age of manic-depressive and schizophrenic
      patients was 40.7 yr and 39.8 yr respectively and did not differ significantly.
      The sample consisted of both sexes. Among the manic-depressive patients there
      were 46 males and 54 females. The schizophrenic sample consisted of 84 (54%)
      males and 72 (46%) females. The result showed that there was a greater rate of
      the occurrence of physical illnesses in manic-depressive patients as compared to
      the schizophrenic patients in respect to all the surveyed systemic disorders
      except for the gastrointestinal diseases. The cardiovascular, neurological and
      endocrinological diseases were more frequent in the manic-depressives than in the
      schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 4032328
TI  - Psychophysiological evidence for a state theory of hypnosis and susceptibility.
AB  - Psychophysiological evidence is presented of altered cerebral organisation under
      hypnosis. Bilateral electrodermal activity was examined to tones presented
      simultaneously with the induction of hypnosis. Susceptibility was monitored
      throughout. Two control conditions were devised, one for division of attention
      and another for relaxation. In addition there was a familiarisation session which
      permitted groups to be equated for rates of habituation. Both faster and slower
      habituation were found under hypnosis but the direction of change related to
      susceptibility; Susceptible subjects showed a reduction in orienting responses
      and Unsusceptible subjects an increase in responses. Susceptible subjects also
      had lower tonic levels of activity and fewer nonspecific responses during the
      induction prior to the tones. Neither relaxation nor listening to a story altered
      habituation systematically. Under hypnosis there was a reversal in lateral
      asymmetries in orienting response amplitudes in Susceptible subjects suggesting a
      shift in hemispheric influences from left to right.

PMID- 4032329
TI  - Simultaneous recording of penile diameter and penile arterial pulse during
      laboratory-based erotic stimulation in normal subjects.
AB  - We have assessed erectile responses of normal male subjects to short periods of
      fantasy and to short erotic films, using simultaneous measurement of penile
      diameter and penile dorsal arterial pulse amplitude, together with systemic
      arterial blood pressure, heart rate and skin blood flow. By a variety of
      criteria, we have satisfied ourselves that penile pulse amplitude reflected local
      vascular changes in the penis rather than changes in systemic blood pressure,
      although it is uncertain whether it was primarily determined by the magnitude of
      arterial flow or that of arterial volume. Penile pulse amplitude usually
      increased markedly during the stimulation period, and was correlated with penile
      erection. The temporal relationship between these two parameters was variable.
      Typically pulse amplitude increase started later than diameter increase but
      thereafter changed in parallel. In a proportion of responses, however, these two
      changes were markedly dissociated in time and these responses tended to be slower
      in reaching their maximum diameter. This variable association suggests that two
      separate processes involved in erection are being measured. Simultaneous
      monitoring of penile diameter and penile pulse may therefore provide further
      information about the basic physiological processes involved in penile erection
      as well as diagnostic information in patients with erectile dysfunction of
      uncertain aetiology.

PMID- 4032330
TI  - Assessment of erectile function in diabetic and non-diabetic impotence by
      simultaneous recording of penile diameter and penile arterial pulse.
AB  - Simultaneous monitoring of penile diameter and penile arterial pulse during
      laboratory-based erotic stimulation with film and fantasy, has been used to
      compare diabetic and non-diabetic impotent men with non-impotent controls. The
      degree of erection to erotic film distinguished between organic and psychogenic
      aetiologies. The diabetic group showed smaller penile pulse amplitude changes
      than the other two groups. Amongst the diabetics, severe autonomic neuropathy was
      associated with impaired erectile and penile pulse amplitude responses. Severe
      retinopathy was associated with smaller baseline penile pulse amplitude as well
      as smaller amplitude response. Blood pressure response to erotic stimuli did not
      differ between the three groups. An analysis of the temporal relationship between
      penile diameter change and pulse amplitude change revealed differences between
      the groups that may prove to have diagnostic as well as theoretical implications.

PMID- 4032331
TI  - Psychometric ante-natal predictors of post-natal depressed mood.
AB  - One hundred and nine women were studied during the course of pregnancy in an
      attempt to predict which of them would later rate themselves as suffering from
      depressed mood up to twelve months post-natally. The psychometric measures used
      comprised the Zung Self-Rating Scale to measure depression, the DSSI/SAD sub
      scale to measure anxiety and the Hostility and Direction of Hostility
      Questionnaire. Post-natal depression observed up to twelve months post-partum was
      positively associated with first trimester ante-natal scores on all three
      measures. The HDHQ and the DSSI/SAD measures were good predictors of depression
      at six weeks post-partum and both correlated significantly at six and nine months
      post-partum, whereas the Zung measure predicted depression at nine and twelve
      months as well as at six weeks post-partum. Parity was significantly associated
      with severe depression at six months post-partum.

PMID- 4032332
TI  - San Carlos to Port Stanley or one way to spend Christmas down-under.

PMID- 4032333
TI  - Tirich Mir 1984.

PMID- 4032334
TI  - The British Association for Immediate Care (BASICS).

PMID- 4032335
TI  - Medical contingent, Diego Garcia.

PMID- 4032336
TI  - The Society for Nautical Research.

PMID- 4032337
TI  - Routine Pulheem assessments.

PMID- 4032338
TI  - Arctic Survival Training--Norway 1985.

PMID- 4032339
TI  - Excessive lateral pressure as a cause of patello-femoral pain syndrome.

PMID- 4032340
TI  - Primary (non-carcinoid) adenocarcinoma of the vermiform appendix--an unexpected
      finding following appendicectomy.

PMID- 4032341
TI  - Torsion of the testis occurring during a Polaris patrol.

PMID- 4032342
TI  - Four cases of spinal cord compression: the need for early diagnosis.

PMID- 4032343
TI  - [Disk calcifications in children].
AB  - It is not unusual for intervertebral disk calcifications to be detected in
      pediatric practice, the 150 or so cases reported in the literature probably
      representing only a small proportion of lesions actually diagnosed. Case reports
      of 33 children with intervertebral disk calcifications were analyzed. In the
      majority of these patients (31 of 33) a diagnosis of "idiopathic" calcifications
      had been made, the cervical localization of the lesions being related to repeated
      ORL infections and/or trauma. A pre-existing pathologic factor was found in two
      cases (one child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis treated by corticoids and one
      child with Williams and Van Beuren's syndrome). An uncomplicated course was noted
      in 31 cases, the symptomatology (pain, spinal stiffness and febricula) improving
      after several days. Complications developed in two cases: one child had very
      disabling dysphagia due to an anteriorly protruding cervical herniated disc and
      surgery was necessary; the other child developed cervicobrachial neuralgia due to
      herniated disc protrusion into the cervical spinal canal, but symptoms regressed
      within several days although calcifications persisted unaltered. These findings
      and the course of the rare complications documented in the literature suggest the
      need for the most conservative treatment possible in cases of disc calcifications
      in children.

PMID- 4032344
TI  - [X-ray computed tomography in fractures of the acetabulum].
AB  - Radiographic assessment of these fractures remains difficult. Conventional
      techniques according to Letournel show the lesions but not to the best advantage,
      for instance the "congruency" of femoral head with acetabulum. 54 CT scan were
      performed (1982-1984) every time a doubt was persisting. Incarcerations of
      fragments, impactions of the acetabulum, sacro-iliac joint disjunctions,
      congruency and lesions of femoral head are much better seen with scanner. In
      planing the surgical therapy (or orthopedic), CT scan add a great deal to the
      information and dramatically improves the results.

PMID- 4032345
TI  - [Lateral radiculography in the vertical position for the diagnosis of narrow
      lumbar canal].
AB  - Results obtained in 66 cases emphasize the value of lateral imaging to increase
      sensibility of radiculography in the diagnosis of narrow lumbar canal. In all
      cases, in fact, the anteroposterior diameter of the opacified canal diminished in
      the standing position in proportions varying from 20 to 50%, and furthermore, in
      20% of patients diagnosis was only possible from this image. Narrowing of the
      canal was considered as being present in patients with an anteroposterior canal
      diameter in the standing position that was less than 11 mm in corrected values.
      This image appears therefore to be an essential one, particularly as clinical
      symptomatology of narrow lumbar canal is very often atypical (62% of cases).
      Moreover, contrary to widespread opinions, computed tomography is sometimes less
      sensitive than radiculography in this type of disorder.

PMID- 4032346
TI  - [Plate thermography in the evaluation of idiopathic carpal canal syndrome.
      Apropos of 32 cases].
AB  - During a period of eight months thirty-two cases (twenty-two unilateral and five
      bilateral) of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome were studied at the Saint-Louis
      Hospital, Paris, France. The patients were found to benefit from the use of the
      preoperative technique, thermography in addition to routine clinical exams and
      complementary exams such as radiographs and E.M.G. The period of intervention was
      from the fifteenth day through the second and thirds months. By comparing the
      clinical and functional results before and after surgical treatment through the
      use of images from patients in the same condition, it can be concluded that the
      use of this simple technique can provide valuable information and is harmless in
      the care of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. It is demonstrated that
      thermography permits: the ability to foresee the action of treatment; the ability
      to survey the effects of treatment and therefore obtain a valuable prognosis; and
      finally, a method of deciding on other acrosyndromes.

PMID- 4032347
TI  - [Primary esophageal localization of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Apropos of a case].
AB  - Authors present a case of primary oesophageal lymphoma, in view of the great
      rarity of the neoplasm in this place.

PMID- 4032348
TI  - [Hemangioma of the pancreas].
AB  - A 62 year old woman lacking any alteration in her general condition and without
      digestive disorders was found fortuitously to have a large mass in the epigastric
      region. Complementary investigations localized the lesion to the peritoneal
      cavity, either in the gastrocolic omentum or the mesentery, close to the
      pancreas. Imaging showed a multicystic heterogeneous structure. A large
      hemangioma of pancreatic origin was removed at operation.

PMID- 4032349
TI  - [Results of in situ arterial thrombolysis by the combination of urokinase and
      lysyl plasminogen in acute arterial occlusive diseases of the lower limbs].
AB  - 35 patients with acute arterial occlusions [27] and graft thromboses [8],
      responsible for severe and recent ischemia, were treated by fibrinolytic therapy
      (Urokinase: 1 000 units/kg/hour, and Lys Plasminogen). These drugs were delivered
      at the site of occlusions using a 5 French catheter. Angiographically, initial
      success was obtained in 30 patients (85%) and a significant clinical benefit
      persisted 5 months later, in 20 patients (57%). 4 distal embolisms during the
      treatment were noted, and one woman died a few hours after the withdrawal of an
      axillary catheter of a cerebellar infarction. Only two minor (6%) and one severe
      (3%) groin hematoma were encountered. No patient had at any moment a fibrinogen
      concentration lower than 1 g/l. Thus, the thrombolytic treatment used in the
      study appears as effective as locally administered Streptokinase but better
      tolerated.

PMID- 4032350
TI  - [Contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging].
AB  - The origin of nuclear magnetic resonance signal is reminded in this paper.
      Different ways of increasing the contrast in magnetic resonance imaging are
      presented, especially modifications of tissues relaxation times by the use of
      paramagnetic ions or nitroxides. The potential of these substances is illustrated
      by several examples of application in the animal.

PMID- 4032352
TI  - Clinical judgement.

PMID- 4032351
TI  - The spread of type A influenza.

PMID- 4032353
TI  - Interpretation of diagnostic data: an unexplored field in general practice.
AB  - In interpreting diagnostic information the differences between morbidity patterns
      in general practice and those in hospitals must be taken into consideration. This
      article demonstrates the importance of prevalence for predictive values of
      complaints, symptoms and test results. When the general practitioner refers
      patients to the specialist, these values may change, and it is also possible that
      associations between symptoms and diagnoses are distorted by selection bias.
      Moreover, attention must be paid to the differences in clinical stages
      encountered in general practice and specialist practice. It is concluded that a
      large part of the ;diagnostic field' of general practice has still to be
      discovered and developed.

PMID- 4032354
TI  - Audit of the drug treatment of Parkinson's disease in general practice.
AB  - In a general practice population of 57 000, 32 patients suffering from
      Parkinson's disease were identified from repeat prescription indexes and direct
      questioning of all members of the primary health care team. Of these patients 26
      were receiving an L-dopa preparation and 10 an anticholinergic drug. The only
      newer drug found to be in use was bromocriptine and three patients were receiving
      this treatment.Of the 26 patients receiving an L-dopa preparation one received L
      dopa alone, six L-dopa with benserazide (Madopar, Roche) and 19 L-dopa with
      carbidopa (Sinemet, Merck, Sharp and Dohme). The patients treated with Sinemet
      were receiving inadequate doses of carbidopa - three quarters received less than
      75 mg per day which was in part a reflection of the low doses of L-dopa the
      patients received, the average dose being 468 mg per day. The L-dopa preparations
      were given in adequately spaced doses.The general practitioner made the diagnosis
      in 20 of the 32 cases and was in control of the drug therapy in 15 cases, however
      25 cases were referred for specialist advice.

PMID- 4032355
TI  - Myocardial infarction: hospital and home management in Northern Ireland.
AB  - Some 262 general practitioners in the Belfast area were asked to complete a
      questionnaire about their attitudes and practice regarding the management of
      myocardial infarction at home. Of the 211 responders, only nine per cent would
      sometimes consider home care for patients under 65 years of age, although 55 per
      cent would sometimes consider home care for those over 65 years and three per
      cent preferred home management for this age group. In the year preceding this
      study, seven per cent of these general practitioners treated only 22 myocardial
      infarction patients under 65 years of age at home (two per cent of all cases in
      the area). Home care for myocardial infarction patients appears to be less
      popular in Belfast than in other parts of the United Kingdom. The views of the
      general practitioners concerning home care are discussed.

PMID- 4032356
TI  - Prescribing--a case for prolonged treatment.
AB  - In an earlier study it was shown that general practitioners changed some of their
      prescribing habits when they were given detailed analyses of their prescriptions
      every six months for two years and provided with opportunities to discuss the
      information with participating colleagues. A follow-up study of the same doctors
      two years later revealed that most of the effects of the intervention had
      disappeared, though the increase in generic prescribing persisted. It is
      concluded that a more sustained intervention is needed to bring about more
      lasting change.

PMID- 4032357
TI  - Geriatric screening: a reappraisal of preventive strategies in the care of the
      elderly.

PMID- 4032358
TI  - What use is generic prescribing?
AB  - The dispensing of generic preparations at four dispensing chemist shops was
      investigated by means of a questionnaire. Certain generic prescriptions result in
      the dispensing of proprietary products despite the existence of generic
      preparations, and the pharmacist may be reimbursed for the cost of the
      proprietary drug which has been dispensed. Not all generic prescriptions result
      in the dispensing of cheaper drugs because of the methods of payment to chemists.
      If doctors write more generic prescriptions there will ultimately be more
      dispensing of generic products. Even in the case of drugs still under patent,
      prescribing by generic name should be encouraged. The savings achieved by generic
      prescribing are to some extent at the cost of the dispensing chemists. The method
      and scale of payments for dispensing requires urgent review.

PMID- 4032359
TI  - Familial hypercholesterolaemia.

PMID- 4032360
TI  - The general practitioner and the alcoholic.

PMID- 4032361
TI  - Continuing medical education.

PMID- 4032362
TI  - William Pickles lecture 1985. Change and continuity.

PMID- 4032363
TI  - Care of malignant disease in an urban practice.
AB  - The prevalence, incidence and care of malignant disease in an urban general
      practice were studied over a one-year period. Prevalence of malignant disease was
      13.1 per 1000 patients, with an incidence of 1.9 per 1000 patients per year. The
      mortality rate over the year was 2.6 per 1000 patients per year.Patients with
      malignant disease generated twice as many primary care consultations as the
      average practice patient and home visiting was increased fourfold. This increased
      visiting was most apparent for terminal-care patients. Nevertheless, the increase
      in consultations did not fully reflect the amount of time, energy and emotional
      support given by the primary care team.

PMID- 4032364
TI  - Comparison of standards in training and non-training practices.
AB  - The in-practice component of vocational training should take place in practices
      working to high clinical and teaching standards. By means of a survey of its
      members, the Severn Faculty of the Royal College of General Practitioners was
      able to compare training practices with the criteria of the Joint Committee on
      Postgraduate Training for General Practice, and with non-training practices. The
      training practices fell short of the criteria in a few areas, but the differences
      between the training and non-training practices were extensive. Progress towards
      achieving the standards set by the criteria should be monitored, and the criteria
      themselves should be made more precise.

PMID- 4032365
TI  - Frequent attenders in general practice: medical, psychological and social
      characteristics.
AB  - A group of frequent attenders at a general practice surgery have been studied by
      comparison with a group of age-and sex-matched controls. Frequent attenders are
      distinguished by a high predisposition to neurotic illness (as measured by the
      ;N' score of the Eysenck personality questionnaire) and a high prevalence of
      affective neurosis. Poor past physical health was commonly found among the
      frequent attenders and comprised for the most part the common chronic physical
      illnesses. Of the social characteristics studied only marital breakdown was found
      significantly more often in frequent attenders than controls.

PMID- 4032366
TI  - Maternity care: a duplication of resources.

PMID- 4032367
TI  - Characterization of low density lipoprotein receptors in freshly isolated
      leukemic guinea pig lymphocytes (L2C).
AB  - The present study shows that L2C leukemic guinea pig lymphocytes have 10 times as
      many low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors per cell as normal lymphocytes. The
      affinity of these receptors is higher for guinea pig LDL than for human LDL. In
      contrast to normal cells, in which the degradation of the receptor-bound LDL is
      quite efficient, the leukemic cells only degraded a small fraction of these same
      receptor-bound LDL. Thus, the internalization index was nearly 4 times higher in
      the normal cells than in the leukemic cells. In L2C cells, cholesterol
      homeostasis derived 38% of its cholesterol input from receptor-mediated
      degradation of LDL and 62% from cholesterol synthesis, whereas in normal cells,
      these fractions were 97% and 3% respectively.

PMID- 4032368
TI  - Effect of rapid warming of boar semen on sperm morphology and physiology.
AB  - The effect of rapid dilution (1:8 with BTS or 1:6.5 with KRP) and temperature
      change on sperm morphology and physiology were studied using boar spermatozoa pre
      diluted in BF5 diluent. Rapid dilution of cold semen (5 degrees C) with a warm
      solution (37 degrees C) caused marked acrosomal changes which were most prominent
      in the anterior region. The acrosomal damage appeared to be caused mainly by
      rapid warming. In contrast to rapid cooling, rapid warming had little effect upon
      motility, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase release and respiration.

PMID- 4032369
TI  - On mammalian sperm dimensions.
AB  - Data on linear sperm dimensions in mammals are presented. There is information on
      a total of 284 species, representing 6.2% of all species; 17.2% of all genera and
      49.2% of all families have some representation, with quantitative information
      missing only from the orders Dermoptera, Pholidota, Sirenia and Tubulidentata. In
      general, sperm size is inverse to body mass (except for the Chiroptera), so that
      the smallest known spermatozoa are amongst those of artiodactyls and the largest
      are amongst those of marsupials. Most variations are due to differences in the
      lengths of midpiece and principal piece, with head lengths relatively uniform
      throughout the mammals.

PMID- 4032370
TI  - Photoperiodic control of meiosis in the male Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus
      auratus).
AB  - Male Syrian hamsters exposed to short photoperiods of 6 h light/day (6L:18D) show
      regression of the testes within 12 weeks. Chromosome preparations of the meiotic
      stages (pachytene, metaphase I (MI) and metaphase II (MII)), testicular weights
      relative to body weights, sperm counts, seminiferous tubule diameter and
      histological appearance were examined at intervals during regression and
      subsequent recovery in a long photoperiod (14L:10D). The fall of testicular
      weight was associated with the decrease in tubule diameter. Spermatogenesis and
      sperm count were reduced rapidly and finally ceased after 10 weeks in short days.
      The numbers of MI and MII cells relative to 100 pachytene cells progressively
      decreased during the short-day treatment, although the ratio of MI:MII stayed
      constant whenever there was meiotic activity (except in the first week of the
      recovery phase). This suggests that an increasing proportion of pachytene cells
      did not progress to MI with increased time in short days, but cells which did
      reach MI progressed to MII in the same proportions as in the control testes.
      Meiosis ceased after 10 weeks in short days. Recovery in the long days was marked
      by a peak in the number of MI and MII cells/100 pachytene cells soon after the
      return to long days. This preceded the return (to control values) of the sperm
      count by 10 weeks. Initial recovery in the first 3 weeks was very rapid in all
      the determined values.

PMID- 4032371
TI  - Functional arterio-venous anastomoses between the testicular artery and the
      pampiniform plexus in the spermatic cord of rams.
AB  - Blood flow to the testis, haemoglobin oxygen saturation and testosterone
      concentration in arterial and venous testicular blood vessels were studied in
      Texel rams in the breeding and non-breeding season. Blood flow in the proximal
      and distal testicular artery was measured electromagnetically. The mean flow in
      the proximal testicular artery was 18.5 ml/min and in the distal testicular
      artery 7.5 ml/min, and there was no detectable seasonal influence. Haemoglobin
      oxygen saturation and testosterone concentration were measured in the saphenous
      artery and vein, the distal testicular artery and vein, and in the proximal
      testicular vein. The haemoglobin oxygen saturation in the proximal testicular
      vein was significantly higher than in the distal testicular vein in both seasons.
      The mean testosterone concentration was significantly lower in the proximal
      testicular vein than in the distal testicular vein in both seasons. Based on
      haemoglobin oxygen saturation and testosterone data, it was calculated that
      between 28 and 46% of the testicular arterial blood was bypassing the testis and
      was directly flowing through arterio-venous anastomoses towards the pampiniform
      plexus in the spermatic cord of conscious rams. In anaesthetized rams 55 and 64%
      of the blood was flowing directly from the testicular artery to the pampiniform
      plexus based on blood flow data. Transfer of testosterone and oxygen by passive
      diffusion from the testicular artery to the pampiniform plexus and vice versa in
      the spermatic cord was not detected.

PMID- 4032372
TI  - Photoperiodic time measurement is maintained in undernourished lambs with delayed
      puberty.
AB  - Beginning at 42 weeks of age undernourished females that had been maintained
      outdoors were exposed to long days (15L:9D) or short days (9L:15D). After 6
      weeks, both groups were placed on short days, and ad-libitum feeding was begun.
      Rapid 'catch-up' growth occurred similarly in both groups. However, the response
      to oestradiol negative feedback regulation of LH secretion differed greatly.
      Short-day lambs remained hyperresponsive to oestradiol inhibition, and
      circulating LH remained low, a condition that typifies immaturity of the system
      governing LH secretion. In the females exposed to the long-day-short-day
      sequence, circulating LH began to increase 10 weeks after the end of long days;
      this change is characteristic of the neuroendocrine alteration that occurs during
      puberty. These findings indicate that the growth-retarded lamb can differentiate
      long days from short days, and can therefore continue to accumulate photoperiod
      information during prolonged periods of undernutrition.

PMID- 4032373
TI  - Metabolic clearance and production rates of oestradiol and progesterone during
      pubertal and postpubertal development in gilts.
AB  - The crossbred gilts studied were aged 80 days (prepubertal), 180 days
      (prepubertal or postpubertal) and 260 days (postpubertal or pregnant). Estimates
      of metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of oestradiol and progesterone were
      consistently less (21 and 27%) in plasma than in blood, and these differences
      were not influenced by age of gilt. The MCR (1/day per kg body weight) for
      oestradiol and progesterone in plasma was greater (P less than 0.05) for 80-day
      old prepubertal gilts than for older gilts. The MCR values of oestradiol and
      progesterone were similar in 180-day-old and 260-day-old gilts independent of
      reproductive state. Production rate (PR) of oestradiol and progesterone increased
      with age (80-180 days), and age and reproductive state differences were much more
      pronounced for PR of progesterone than of oestradiol. These results support the
      hypothesis that a reduction in the MCR and an increase in PR of oestradiol and
      progesterone in the gilt are associated with the process of pubertal development,
      and changes in gonadal steroid concentrations appear not to alter the MCR of
      oestradiol and progesterone.

PMID- 4032374
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of calcium ions in ram spermatozoa before and after
      cold shock as demonstrated by a pyroantimonate technique.
AB  - Ram spermatozoa were subjected to cold shock before fixation in pyroantimonate
      osmium. Ultrathin sections revealed an electron-dense particulate precipitate in
      association with the cells. The precipitate was shown to be related to the
      presence of calcium by exposure of the material to EGTA which reduced or
      completely eliminated the deposits. In the acrosome region, very little
      precipitate was evident when the plasma membrane was intact. Cold shock resulted
      in the disruption of the plasma membrane. When the acrosome remained intact,
      precipitate was concentrated just anterior to the equatorial segment, but many
      cells also had acrosomal disruption and then a more even distribution of
      precipitate was seen on the outer acrosomal membrane. Precipitate was rarely
      visible within or beneath the acrosome. Post-acrosomally, calcium pyroantimonate
      deposits were frequently present in the dense lamina beneath the plasma membrane
      and these became more intense after cold shock. Midpiece sections revealed a few
      large granules beneath the plasma membrane and a fine particulate precipitate
      within mitochondria. Similarly, the fine precipitate was also associated with the
      outer dense fibres in midpieces and tails. Cold shock did not apparently increase
      the extent or intensity of precipitates in these sites.

PMID- 4032375
TI  - Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, citrate and chloride content of
      human prostatic and seminal fluid.
AB  - The ionic composition of human prostatic fluid varied greatly between
      individuals, reflecting the secretory activity of the gland and the presence or
      absence of prostatic inflammatory disease. In normal prostatic fluid the major
      anion was citrate, while chloride concentrations were lower. Their counterions
      were mainly sodium and potassium, together with calcium, magnesium and zinc.
      Prostatic secretions from men with prostatitis comprised mainly sodium and
      chloride. The electrolytes were closely correlated to each other (except for
      sodium, which was essentially invariant at about 145 nm). The molar changes per
      mole of citrate were about 0.52, potassium; -0.53, chloride; 0.17, calcium; 0.14,
      magnesium; and 0.09, zinc. The pH was also associated with citrate, decreasing
      from 8.0 to 6.2 as the citrate increased. These various ionic changes can be
      explained as responses to citrate secretion, without the need to propose specific
      transport mechanisms for the other ions measured. The marked effect of prostatic
      inflammation on the composition of prostatic fluid can be seen as being due
      mainly to decreased secretion rather than active modification.

PMID- 4032376
TI  - Disruption of pair bonding induces pregnancy failure in newly mated mongolian
      gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - The efficacy of several exteroceptive factors including exposure to a 'strange'
      male, were tested to induce pregnancy failure in newly mated Mongolian gerbils.
      Only physical separation of monogamous pairs consistently induced pregnancy
      failure. This phenomenon was restricted to the immediate period after mating and
      is believed to be due to disruption of pair bonding, with associated luteal and
      implantation failure. Concurrent lactation annulled this effect.

PMID- 4032377
TI  - Steroid metabolism by endometrial and conceptus tissues during early pregnancy
      and pseudopregnancy in gilts.
AB  - Endometrial and conceptus tissues were obtained on Days 10.5, 11, 12, 16 and 25
      of pregnancy and Day 25 of pseudopregnancy of gilts and incubated for 6 h in
      Minimal Essential Medium (5 ml) containing 35 ng [3H]progesterone. Metabolism of
      [3H]progesterone to oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol was determined by gas and
      high-pressure liquid chromatography and successive recrystallizations with
      unlabelled standards. Conceptuses collected between Days 10.5 and 12 were
      spherical, tubular or filamentous and incubated with 500 mg endometrium and
      [3H]progesterone. Production of oestrone by spherical conceptuses was not
      detected, but was 44-47 pg/tubular conceptus and 21 pg/filamentous conceptus. A
      similar trend was observed for oestradiol. Conceptus tissues from Days 16 and 25
      (chorion) were most active in producing oestrone (123 and 520 pg/mg tissue,
      respectively) and oestradiol (277 and 876 pg/mg tissue, respectively).
      Endometrial oestrogen production was less than that for conceptus tissue for
      oestrone and oestradiol on Days 16 and 25 of gestation. Coincubations of
      endometrium and conceptus tissues had lower oestrogen production than conceptus
      alone. Endometrium from Day 25 of pseudopregnancy metabolized [3H]progesterone to
      several non-polar metabolites, but no oestrogens were detected. An unidentified
      phenolic metabolite of [3H]progesterone was detected in higher quantities than
      either oestrone or oestradiol; 445 to 461 pg/conceptus at the tubular stage.
      These results indicate temporal changes in the conversion of [3H]progesterone to
      oestrogens by conceptus and endometrial tissue from pregnant gilts, but not
      endometrium from pseudopregnant gilts.

PMID- 4032378
TI  - Relationship between corpora lutea or fetal number and plasma concentrations of
      progesterone and testosterone in mice.
AB  - Blastocysts (1-14) were transferred unilaterally into 63 pseudopregnant mice
      which were killed on Day 17. Plasma progesterone concentrations were
      significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in animals with one fetus than in those
      with 2-5 or 9-14 fetuses. Plasma testosterone concentrations were correlated with
      fetal number in mice with 1-13 fetuses (P less than 0.001). The total placental
      content of chorionic gonadotrophin in 13 litters varied directly with the number
      in the litter (1-6), and was 1.67 +/- 0.15 ng/placenta. The number of corpora
      lutea per mouse was negatively correlated with mean CL volume per mouse (P less
      than 0.001), and the number of conceptuses was positively correlated with mean CL
      volume per mouse (P less than 0.001). The effect of conceptuses on the ovary was
      systemic. The relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and
      conceptus number may be due to gonadotrophins acting on the ovary, or androgens
      produced by the placenta or fetus.

PMID- 4032379
TI  - Corpora lutea with a short life-span induced by rams in seasonally anovulatory
      ewes are prevented by progesterone delaying the preovulatory surge of LH.
AB  - Seasonally anovulatory Merino ewes isolated from rams were allocated to three
      treatments before the re-introduction of rams. Ten ewes received a single
      injection of progesterone (20 mg), 18 ewes received the injection of progesterone
      but had the ram-induced preovulatory surge of LH replaced by a series of
      injections of GnRH 24 h after the introduction of the rams, and 20 control ewes
      had no hormone treatment. Of the 48 ewes, 44 ovulated within 5 days of the
      introduction of rams and the treatments had no significant effect on the
      incidence of ovulation. The frequency of corpora lutea with a short life span
      (the interval between successive preovulatory surges of LH being 5.1 +/- 0.9
      days) was 72% for control ewes and 58% for ewes treated with progesterone and
      GnRH, but such CL were prevented completely after the injection of progesterone
      alone (P less than 0.001). The injection of progesterone also delayed the
      preovulatory surge of LH (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that
      progesterone assures normality of corpora lutea by lengthening the period of
      gonadotrophin priming of follicles before ovulation.

PMID- 4032380
TI  - Ability of mouse embryos to degranulate mast cells in vitro.
AB  - Mouse embryos flushed from the reproductive tract on Day 4 or 5 post coitum
      degranulated peritoneal mast cells in vitro. The degranulating activity of
      embryos developed with age of embryos: it was absent with Day-3 embryos, present
      with Day-4 embryos and was increased with Day-5 embryos. Day-4 embryos cultured
      for 24 h also exhibited degranulating activity. Such activity was even greater
      for embryos cultured for 48 h. As the degranulating activity of the incubated
      embryos increased, it was accompanied by an increase in the degranulating
      activity of the culture medium.

PMID- 4032381
TI  - Anti-trophoblast antibody responses during normal human pregnancy.
AB  - During the course of a normal uncomplicated human pregnancy the mother generates
      an antibody response directed against determinants present on the plasma membrane
      of the outer fetal layer of the term placenta, the syncytiotrophoblast. The
      response, measured by an ELISA that utilises syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane
      as the antigenic target, is predominantly IgG in nature, but with a minor
      contribution from IgM molecules. Maximum responses were observed during the first
      trimester and the levels gradually declined as the pregnancy progressed. On a
      population basis, this antibody response profile was mainly restricted to first
      and second pregnancies, although anti-trophoblast antibody responses could be
      detected in multiparous women but with a greatly reduced incidence compared with
      primipara. Mechanisms to account for these observations are discussed.
      Throughout, the anti-trophoblast antibody levels detected in pregnancy sera were
      compared with the background levels which were observed in sera obtained from
      males and nulliparous non-pregnant females.

PMID- 4032382
TI  - Maturation and function of the hamster spermatozoon probed with monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - To investigate the surface of the mammalian spermatozoon during its maturation in
      the epididymis, seven monoclonal antibodies were raised in mice against intact
      spermatozoa (and isolated sperm heads) recovered from the cauda epididymis of the
      golden hamster. These antibodies, which with one exception were species specific,
      recognized various membrane components over restricted regions of the sperm head
      and tail. During epididymal transit the localisation of four antigens bound by
      these antibodies was considerably altered. In two cases, antigens were first
      detected on spermatozoa in the distal corpus epididymis where sperm fertilising
      capacity is initially acquired. A monoclonal antibody which bound to the acrosome
      and midpiece specifically blocked fertilisation of intact oocytes of the hamster
      in vitro. Preliminary characterisation of the antigens was undertaken.

PMID- 4032383
TI  - Detection of macrophages and the characterization of Fc receptor-bearing cells in
      the mouse decidua, placenta and yolk sac using the macrophage-specific monoclonal
      antibody F4/80.
AB  - A mouse macrophage-specific rat monoclonal antibody, F4/80, has been used to
      detect directly macrophages in short term cultures of mouse decidua, fetal
      placenta and yolk sac and to investigate the identity of Fc receptor (FcR)
      bearing cells in these tissues. We find that a significant proportion of FcR
      positive cells in decidual, placental and yolk sac tissues are macrophages as
      defined by the expression of the macrophage marker, F4/80 antigen. Macrophages
      may act as immunocompetent cells near to the maternal-fetal interface and play a
      significant role in the mechanism of the transfer of passive immunity from mother
      to fetus across the mouse yolk sac.

PMID- 4032384
TI  - The effect of estradiol on human myelomonocytic cells. 1. Enhancement of colony
      formation.
AB  - Cyclic changes were observed in the content of blood monocytes during the
      menstrual cycle of normal women. Elevated blood monocytes were found during the
      ovulation period as well as in other conditions which are associated with
      increased blood estradiol (E2). To understand the possible association between E2
      and monocytosis, we analysed the in vitro effect of E2 on the development of
      myelomonocytic colonies in culture. E2 in physiological concentrations was found
      to increase the number of colonies developed from peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells (PBM) of both females and males. The optimal concentration for the
      augmenting effect on males' PBM was lower than that for females. Mononuclear
      cells derived from cord blood, which yielded much higher numbers of colonies than
      adult PBM, also responded to the stimulatory effect of E2. Estrone and estriol
      were less effective than E2 in adult PBM. In contrast, progesterone,
      diethylstilbestrol and testosterone did not affect the number of colonies at the
      range of physiological concentrations tested. The anti-estrogen Tamoxifen did not
      inhibit the stimulatory effect of E2. The augmenting effect of E2 on
      monomyelocytic colony formation may explain at least in part the increase in
      blood monocyte content of women with high E2 as well as other phenomena of
      macrophage and granulocyte changes associated with the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 4032385
TI  - Maternal--fetal immune interactions and the maintenance of major
      histocompatibility complex polymorphism in the rat.
AB  - In several different strain combinations of rats, an R2 backcross was used to
      assess the relative fitness of progeny MHC-incompatible with their mothers as
      compared to that of MHC-compatible progeny. None of the various treatments used
      to alter maternal immunoregulatory processes, namely splenectomy, active or
      adoptive immunization, or the induction of transplantation tolerance, was able to
      perturb consistently the population distribution of RT1 antigens. Though the
      extreme variability of RT1 heterozygote excess remains poorly understood, studies
      of parity-associated changes in the population distribution of RT1 heterozygotes:
      RT1 homozygotes nonetheless do support the hypothesis that the spleen is
      important to the immunoregulatory control of these phenomena.

PMID- 4032386
TI  - Antepartum heart rate testing in diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - Fetal death in utero remains a significant contributor to diabetics' perinatal
      mortality despite the reassuring results of antepartum heart rate testing. We
      retrospectively reviewed 48 pregnancies (one set of twins) of class B-F diabetic
      women with a reactive nonstress test (NST) or a negative contraction stress test
      (CST) within one week of delivery. Four fetal deaths occurred four to seven days
      after the test; no fetal deaths occurred within three days of it. We advocate
      initial screening with the NST, followed by a CST if the NST is nonreactive.
      Testing should be done more often than weekly.

PMID- 4032387
TI  - Observations on perinatal heart rate monitoring. II. Quantitative unreliability
      of Doppler fetal heart rate variability.
AB  - Fifty-three fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings obtained by direct ECG monitoring
      during labor and 24 simultaneous external Doppler FHR tracings were analyzed for
      the quantitative assessment of baseline FHR variability. The beat-to-beat
      difference in FHR subsumed by 90% of all beat-to-beat changes within a tracing
      was taken as the index of variability of that tracing. This index correlated well
      with the visual assessment of variability for both internal ECG records (Spearman
      rank correlation coefficient, rs, = 0.71) and external Doppler records (rs =
      0.78). However, there was no correlation between the variability index of the
      Doppler FHR records and that of simultaneous ECG FHR records (r = 0.11, p greater
      than 0.6). This finding casts doubt on the use of the presence of "normal" FHR
      variability as a sign of fetal well-being during antepartum FHR monitoring with
      current Doppler equipment.

PMID- 4032388
TI  - Maternal-infant separation and breast-feeding. The return to work or school.
AB  - Breast feeding is now practiced by more than 50% of new mothers, many of whom
      return to work or school within six to eight weeks postpartum. Their breast
      feeding experience need not, and should not, be terminated because of this
      temporary, though regular, separation from their infants. The obstetrician has a
      role in facilitating continued breast-feeding after the return to work or school.
      Counseling these patients should include a discussion of hand expression and
      breast pumping, the means of storing human milk, infant changes related to
      regular maternal absences and avoiding exhaustion.

PMID- 4032389
TI  - Effect of intrauterine antibiotic lavage after cesarean birth on postoperative
      morbidity.
AB  - Intrauterine lavage using broad-spectrum antibiotics after cesarean section has
      been reported to reduce maternal morbidity, but many such patients are not at
      high risk for postoperative infection. This study tested intrauterine antibiotic
      lavage in patients at risk for infectious morbidity. The patients were randomly
      assigned to one of three groups based on the last digit of the hospital admission
      number. Group I received no lavage, group II received lavage with 800 ml of
      saline plus 2 gm of cefamandole nafate in the intrauterine incision, bladder flap
      and peritoneal cavity, and group III received a similar lavage using 800 ml of
      saline alone. There was a significant decrease in maternal hyperpyrexia (simple
      morbidity) as well as serious infection in both lavage groups as compared to the
      control group (p less than 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Also, there was
      significantly reduced morbidity when the antibiotic lavage was compared to the
      saline technique (p less than 0.001). The use of intrauterine lavage with saline,
      with or without antibiotics, appears helpful in reducing postoperative morbidity
      in patients at high risk for infectious morbidity after cesarean section.

PMID- 4032390
TI  - Acupuncture for the induction of cervical dilatation in preparation for first
      trimester abortion and its influence on HCG.
AB  - Cervical dilatation in preparation for first-trimester abortion using acupuncture
      at loci SP6 and LI4 was studied in 20 patients, who were compared to a control
      group in whom no preparation was used. Ninety percent of the patients had
      successful acupuncture procedures. As judged by Hegar dilators, the increase in
      cervical dilatation in those 18 patients was significantly greater than in the
      controls. No significant side effects were observed. The effect of acupuncture on
      serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) as a pregnancy marker was evaluated in
      12 patients. No statistically significant difference in the change in HCG was
      noted in terms of the controls, indicating an absence of abortifacient activity
      with acupuncture.

PMID- 4032391
TI  - Artifacts seen commonly on ultrasonography of the fetal cranium.
AB  - Common artifacts seen during ultrasound examination of the fetal cranium and that
      may simulate pathology include hypoechoic parenchyma, noise in the near field,
      focal sonolucent areas, reverberation echoes and shadowing from portions of the
      skull base. Specific techniques can help one recognize, decrease or eliminate
      them.

PMID- 4032392
TI  - A vaginal delivery protocol for the term breech infant utilizing ball pelvimetry.
AB  - Ball pelvimetry has been utilized at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont to
      evaluate infants with breech presentation for vaginal delivery. That technique
      provided measurements of both the fetal head volume and maternal pelvic capacity
      so that relative fetomaternal relationships could be established. Between January
      1979 and December 1981, 107 patients in spontaneous labor with term pregnancy
      were evaluated with the protocol. Inadequate pelvimetry and hyperextension of the
      fetal head occurred in 21 patients (20%). Of the 86 patients who were allowed to
      labor, 51 (59%) had a vaginal delivery. The total cesarean section rate was 52%.
      Vaginal delivery in our highly selected patient population did not increase
      neonatal morbidity. There were no neonatal deaths.

PMID- 4032393
TI  - Chlamydial colonization of the cervix in pregnant adolescents.
AB  - We studied the incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis colonization of the cervix in
      pregnant adolescents and analyzed the effect of such colonization on pre-, intra
      and postpartum events. A significant increase in post-vaginal-delivery
      endometritis as well as an increase in other sexually transmitted diseases
      occurred in patients colonized by C. trachomatis.

PMID- 4032394
TI  - Interstitial pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - Interstitial pregnancy is uncommon, and the correct diagnosis requires awareness
      of this form of ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 4032395
TI  - Puerperal inversion of a bicornuate, unicollis uterus. A case report.
AB  - The diagnosis and management of uterine inversion at term were complicated by an
      uninverted horn at the level of the contraction ring.

PMID- 4032396
TI  - Stenosis and fistulae with neglected vaginal foreign bodies. A case report.
AB  - Foreign bodies present in the vagina for long periods of time are infrequent but
      potentially serious findings in adult women. Significant injury can occur to
      bowel, bladder or other pelvic structures. Repair of fistulae is delayed
      following removal of the foreign bodies until the chronic inflammation produced
      by the objects has resolved. Coexisting psychiatric illness or physical abuse may
      complicate the evaluation and treatment of some women with long-standing vaginal
      foreign bodies.

PMID- 4032398
TI  - Combined intrauterine and ovarian pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - A case of combined ovarian and intrauterine pregnancy occurred. The ovarian
      pregnancy was an incidental finding during cesarean section. A literature survey
      revealed only 17 cases of combined ovarian and intrauterine gestation.

PMID- 4032397
TI  - Atrial myxoma as a complication of tocolytic therapy. A case report.
AB  - A 27-year-old woman who presented with premature labor was given ritodrine for
      tocolysis. During the administration of the beta-sympathomimetics she developed
      cardiac changes, including subendocardial ischemia on EKG and an intermittent
      early diastolic sound. Echocardiography revealed a large left atrial myxoma. It
      was removed during pregnancy, and the patient tolerated the procedure well. The
      mechanism of the ischemia was believed to result from the space-occupying mass of
      the myxoma, preventing adequate atrial filling and subsequent congestive failure.
      It is recommended that patients who develop cardiac symptoms during tocolysis
      with beta-sympathomimetics undergo further investigation to rule out under-lying
      pathology.

PMID- 4032399
TI  - Issues in the evaluation of rheumatology education in medical schools.

PMID- 4032400
TI  - Phospholipase A2 activity in sera and synovial fluids in rheumatoid arthritis and
      osteoarthritis. Its possible role as a proinflammatory enzyme.
AB  - Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was found in the sera and synovial fluids (SF)
      in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). PLA2 activity in RA SF was
      6158 +/- 549 (SEM) U/ml (n = 48) and in RA sera 554 +/- 175 U/ml (normal sera-115
      +/- 12 U/ml). In OA SF PLA2 activity was 5069 +/- 542 U/ml (n = 28), and in OA
      sera 268 +/- 55 U/ml. There was no significant difference between SF PLA2
      activity in RA and OA. PLA2 activity in SF did not correlate with muramidase
      (lysozyme), beta-glucuronidase, total protein or white cell count, which were all
      significantly higher in RA SF than OA. A positive correlation between PLA2 in SF
      and matched sera was found in both RA and OA. It may be concluded that
      significant elevation of extracellular PLA2 occurs in both RA and OA, especially
      in the SF. The fact that high PLA2 did not correlate with other enzymes such as
      lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase, which are usually high in RA and low in OA SF,
      may mean that the handling of PLA2 in the joint space is different from other
      enzymes.

PMID- 4032401
TI  - Remission in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Four hundred and fifty-eight patients whose clinical data had been prospectively
      entered into a rheumatic disease databank were studied for remission utilizing
      remission criteria of the American Rheumatism Association and criteria modified
      for chart review. During the period of observation 86 of 458 or 18.8% had at
      least one remission by investigators' assessment on chart review and 18.1% by
      application of ARA criteria. Patients were followed for 1131 patient years and
      remission occupied 97 patient years. For patients achieving remission this period
      represented 34.5% of their followup duration. The median length of remission was
      10 months. Nineteen (18.6) percent of gold treatment courses and 16.7% of
      penicillamine courses resulted in remission. Fourteen (13.6) percent of patients
      who never received remittive therapy also had remissions. The ARA Preliminary
      Criteria for Clinical Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis displayed a sensitivity
      of 80.2% and a specificity of 96.2% in this population. In patients receiving
      remittive therapy, female sex, disease onset before age 60, and early development
      of erosions were associated with decreased proportion of remission.

PMID- 4032402
TI  - Relationship between nailfold capillary microscopy and salivary capillary
      basement membrane width in Raynaud's disease and progressive systemic sclerosis.
AB  - To assess the relationship between a nailfold scleroderma pattern and
      histopathological data, we compared the results of nailfold capillaroscopy with
      capillary basement membrane width of labial salivary glands in 25 patients with
      either a Raynaud's disease (RD: 12 patients) or a progressive systemic sclerosis
      (PSS: 13 patients). The sensitivity of a capillaroscopic scleroderma pattern for
      capillary basement membrane thickness is of 75%. These results confirm the
      usefulness of in vivo capillary examination for the early diagnosis of PSS.

PMID- 4032403
TI  - Abnormal bowel permeability in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Intestinal permeability was measured using a low molecular weight polyethylene
      glycol as a permeability marker in patients with osteoarthritis, ankylosing
      spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with AS showed a
      significant increase in bowel permeability when compared to controls. Intestinal
      permeability was also increased in patients with active RA but was less than the
      control group in RA patients who did not have active joint disease.

PMID- 4032404
TI  - The epidemiology of joint complaints in patients with psoriasis.
AB  - Joint complaints of 1285 patients treated for cutaneous psoriasis were analyzed
      to better define the epidemiology of arthritis among psoriasis patients selected
      on the basis of cutaneous rather than rheumatologic disease. Nearly 40% of
      patients suffered from arthralgia, and 20% had been diagnosed as having psoriatic
      arthritis (PA). Patients with PA had more extensive cutaneous disease and more
      frequently had a family history of PA. PA patients frequently noted an
      association between the activity of their arthritis and the activity of their
      cutaneous disease. Antinuclear antibodies, uric acid, and white blood cell count
      had little predictive value in PA.

PMID- 4032406
TI  - An evaluation of rheumatology education at Canadian medical schools.
AB  - The present study uses data from a nationally administered multiple choice
      examination (MCE) to assess the performance of Canadian medical students in
      rheumatology. An average of 1722 medical students undertook to write the Medical
      Council of Canada (MCC) examination each year between 1978-82. Between 17 and 29
      of the 516 MCE questions were of a rheumatological nature and the success rate of
      students from the 16 Canadian medical schools varied between 65.5 and 78.5% in
      any given year. No direct correlation was noted between the students' MCE
      performance and the amount of rheumatology education given at an individual
      university. Analysis of Arthritis Society Undergraduate Statistics indicated that
      the average medical student in Canada receives 17.5 h of didactic lectures, 10.4
      h of clinical bedside demonstration and 8.9 h of direct supervision of
      rheumatologic patients by rheumatologists.

PMID- 4032405
TI  - Aspirin dosing using 15 grain enteric coated tablets.
AB  - A high unit dose (15 grain/975 mg) enteric coated aspirin preparation was studied
      in normal individuals and patients with arthritis to determine how readily well
      tolerated, therapeutic (150-300 micrograms/ml) salicylate (SA) levels could be
      achieved using a twice daily dosing regimen. Of 36 participants enrolled, 33
      (92%) achieved this goal (mean SA = 224 micrograms/ml), while in the remaining 3
      an initially toxic level fell below the therapeutic range after reducing the dose
      by one tablet/day. Although the relationship between dose (mg/kg) and steady
      state SA levels was roughly linear (r = 0.74), in some subjects there was a
      striking incremental change in the SA level when the dose was adjusted. Over 90%
      of subjects taking a starting dose between 45-60 mg/kg/day achieved a therapeutic
      level. Thus, antiinflammatory therapy using 15 grain/975 mg enteric coated
      aspirin given twice daily appears to be feasible.

PMID- 4032407
TI  - Methotrexate induced false photosensitivity reaction.
AB  - Methotrexate is now being used in the treatment of a variety of intractable
      rheumatologic conditions. We report a patient with polymyositis who developed
      mild erythroderma after sun exposure. Forty-eight h later he received his weekly
      dose of methotrexate. Within 24 h the resolving rash erupted into an intense
      dusky red dermatitis with eventual formation of confluent bullae. The patient had
      a methotrexate induced ultraviolet reactivation reaction also known as a "false
      photosensitivity" reaction. This reaction has been reported in dermatologic
      publications but not in the rheumatologic literature.

PMID- 4032408
TI  - Paracoccidioides brasiliensis arthritis. Report of a case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A case of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis arthritis is presented. Emphasis on early
      diagnosis and treatment is made. Natives of endemic areas for paracoccidioides
      could present elsewhere with dissemination of this disease.

PMID- 4032409
TI  - Bursal fat necrosis as the presenting manifestation of pancreatic disease: light
      and electron microscopic studies.
AB  - Bursal swelling with inflammatory lipid laden creamy appearing bursal fluid is
      described in an alcoholic patient with pancreatitis. Joints swollen at the same
      time had clearer effusions. Morphologic and biochemical studies support the
      necrotic bursal membrane as the source for the synovial fluid lipids.

PMID- 4032410
TI  - Pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The occurrence of pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      has been rarely reported. To date only 18 well documented cases of SLE with
      pulmonary hypertension have been published. We review the literature on pulmonary
      hypertension in SLE, and add the case of a young woman with a recent onset of
      both SLE and pulmonary hypertension. Hemodynamic studies were carried out before
      and during treatment with nifedipine and hydralazine alone and in combination.
      Despite improvement in pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary pressures were
      unaffected by the drugs, although our patient had symptomatic relief.

PMID- 4032411
TI  - Chronic active hepatitis associated with polymyositis. Association with
      precipitating mitochondrial M-B antibody.
AB  - A 20-year-old black female presented with chronic active hepatitis and
      polymyositis. Interstitial lung disease and transient polyarticular arthritis
      were also observed, but other features of systemic lupus erythematosus,
      scleroderma and Sjogren's syndrome were absent. Both myositis and hepatitis
      responded to prednisone and azathioprine. The patient's serum contained an
      unusual autoantibody reacting with mitochondrial proteins (M-B) in
      immunodiffusion.

PMID- 4032412
TI  - Rapid development of gouty tophi after diuretic therapy.
AB  - Increasing attention has been drawn to the role played by diuretics in the
      pathogenesis of gout, particularly in the elderly. We describe an elderly woman
      presenting acutely with tophus formation mimicking infection, in whom diuretic
      therapy was responsible for her disease. Her presentation with acutely inflamed
      tophi without any history of joint involvement, only 3 months after starting
      treatment, was highly unusual.

PMID- 4032414
TI  - Oral chrysotherapy in a hemodialyzed rheumatoid patient.

PMID- 4032413
TI  - Hemorrhagic cystitis and sicca syndrome secondary to amyloidosis in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Vesical bleeding and sicca complex proved to be due to unrecognized amyloidosis
      in a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis. The features of amyloidosis of
      the lower genitourinary tract are outlined.

PMID- 4032416
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4032415
TI  - A once-daily antiinflammatory drug, oxaprozin, in the treatment of juvenile
      rheumatoid arthritis. The Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group.

PMID- 4032417
TI  - Gold induced severe aplastic anemia: medullary autologous reconstitution after
      immunosuppression.

PMID- 4032418
TI  - Enteric coated aspirin circumventing gastric retention.

PMID- 4032419
TI  - Hydroxychloroquine provocation of psoriasis.

PMID- 4032420
TI  - Septic trochanteric bursitis caused by Fusobacterium gonidiaformans.

PMID- 4032422
TI  - Analogues of platelet activating factor (PAF). 2. Some modifications of the
      glycerine backbone.
AB  - Racemic analogues of platelet activating factor (PAF) that contain a methylene
      group between the C2 and C3 carbon atoms (39) or between the C1 and C2 carbon
      atoms (40) have been synthesized. These compounds show reduced platelet
      aggregation and hypotensive activity as measured against racemic C16 PAF.
      Compounds in which the C1 carbon atom of PAF is substituted with one or two
      methyl groups (41 and 42, respectively) or the C3 carbon is substituted with a
      single methyl group (43) have been synthesized. Platelet aggregation and
      hypotensive responses produced by these compounds are significantly less than
      those obtained with racemic C16 PAF. None of the above compounds exhibit a
      separation of the platelet aggregation and hypotensive activities.

PMID- 4032421
TI  - 5,6-Diaryl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles: a new class of immunoregulatory
      antiinflammatory agents.
AB  - A series of substituted 5,6-diaryl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles were
      synthesized and evaluated in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis and mouse
      oxazolone-induced contact sensitivity assays to determine the potential of these
      compounds for use as immunoregulatory antiinflammatory agents. This class of
      compounds was derived by combining salient structural features of the
      antiinflammatory agent flumizole and the immunoregulatory drug levamisole. Unlike
      the latter two, a number of compounds in the target series were found to possess
      the desired combination of activities. Exploration of structure-activity
      relationships in the adjuvant-induced arthritic rat assay revealed that optimal
      potency was exhibited by symmetrically substituted 5,6-diaryl compounds having
      one of the following alkyl heteroatom or halogen functions at the para position:
      methoxy, ethoxy, methylthio, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, fluoro, or chloro. Scrambling
      of these two substituent classes to yield the asymmetrically substituted 5,6
      diaryl compounds resulted in potent activity only with the 5-alkyl heteroatom, 6
      halo-substituted regioisomers. However in the oxazolone-induced contact
      sensitivity assay, no consistent relationship of variation in activity with
      structural change was apparent. The initial target compound 5,6-bis(4
      methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (1) was compared with its
      progenitors in additional models of inflammation and immunoregulation.

PMID- 4032423
TI  - Synthesis and biological effects of novel thiocolchicines. 3. Evaluation of N
      acyldeacetylthiocolchicines, N-(alkoxycarbonyl) deacetylthiocolchicines, and O
      ethyldemethylthiocolchicines. New synthesis of thiodemecolcine and antileukemic
      effects of 2-demethyl- and 3-demethylthiocolchicine.
AB  - Novel and known analogues of thiocolchicine were evaluated in vitro in a tubulin
      binding assay and in vivo in mice for acute toxicity and in the P388 lymphocytic
      leukemia assay. This evaluation included N-acyldeacetylthiocolchicines, N
      (alkoxycarbonyl)deacetylthiocolchicines, thiodemecolcine and its methyl
      carbamate, and O-ethyl ethers of demethylthiocolchicines. Selective ether
      cleavage of thiodemecolcine with concentrated sulfuric acid at 50 degree C
      afforded the 2-demethyl congener, characterized as its N,O-diacetyl derivative.
      Several of the compounds showed high potency in the tubulin binding assay,
      matching the potency of colchicine. Several N-(alkoxycarbonyl)deacetylcolchicines
      (carbamates) exhibited strong binding affinity to tubulin but had only weak
      activities against the P388 tumor system, suggesting that other factors besides
      tubulin binding may be important for the biological effects. The compounds potent
      in the tubulin binding assay and in the P388 leukemia assay in mice were
      generally also toxic to mice in the acute toxicity test, showing thus a similar
      behavior of thiocolchicines to that observed earlier with colchicines. A
      considerable amount of data collected for 2-demethyl- and 3
      demethylthiocolchicine suggests that the latter represents a broad-spectrum
      antitumor agent of considerable promise and possibly a less toxic substitute for
      colchicine.

PMID- 4032424
TI  - N-(Aminoalkyl)imide antineoplastic agents. Synthesis and biological activity.
AB  - The similarity of the side-chain characteristics of 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2
      hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]- anthraquinone (DHAQ), discovered by us in 1978,
      and those of the N-substituted imides of 3-nitro-1,8-naphthalic acid, discovered
      by other investigators recently, led us to conduct a systematic study on the N
      (aminoalkyl)-substituted derivatives of a variety of imides. Areas of study
      included (a) selection of the ring system, (b) modification of the side chain,
      (c) substitution on certain chosen ring systems, and (d) combinations of the
      aforementioned variants. Preliminary biological activity screening indicated that
      N-(dialkylaminoethyl)imides of the 3,6-dinitro- and 3,6-diamino-1,8-naphthalic
      acid system possessed prominent antileukemia and antimelanoma activity in both in
      vitro and in vivo experimental tumor systems.

PMID- 4032425
TI  - Synthesis and antimetastatic properties of stereoisomeric tricyclic
      bis(dioxopiperazines) in the Lewis lung carcinoma model.
AB  - Synthesis of trans- and cis-tetrahydrodipyrazino[1,2-a:1',2'-d] pyrazine
      1,3,7,9(2H,4H,8H,10H)-tetrone analogues 10 and 11 belonging to the
      bis(dioxopiperazine) class of antitumor agents and their bis(morpholinomethyl)
      derivatives 12 and 13 are described with use of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine as the
      starting material. Synthetic studies utilizing 3,6-disubstituted 2,5
      dioxopiperazine precursors are included. Evaluation of 10-13 in the Lewis Lung
      carcinoma model indicated the bis(morpholinomethyl) analogue cis-13 to be
      antimetastatic, whereas the trans isomer 12 was toxic at a similar dose effecting
      a decrease in the life span of treated mice. The parent bis(dioxopiperazines) 10
      and 11 were ineffective as antitumor or antimetastatic drugs.

PMID- 4032426
TI  - Antiparasitic agents. 6. Synthesis and anthelmintic activities of novel
      isothiocyanatophenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles.
AB  - The syntheses and anthelmintic activities of 31 3- and 5-(isothiocyanatophenyl)
      1,2,4-oxadiazoles are reported. In the primary anthelmintic screen, 3-(4
      isothiocyanatophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (39) showed 100% nematocidal activity and
      3-(2-furanyl)-5-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (63), 3-(2-furanyl)-5
      (2-chloro-4-isothiocyanatophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (64), and 3-(2-furanyl)-5-(4
      chloro-3-isothiocyanatophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (66) showed 100% taeniacidal
      activity when administered orally to mice. The two most active members of this
      series, 39 and 63, were active against the gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep at
      100 mg/kg. In addition, 39 was also found to be active against hookworms in dogs
      at a single, oral dose of 200 mg/kg.

PMID- 4032427
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of some pyridine, piperidine, and pyrrolidine
      analogues for enhancing and inhibiting the binding of (+/-)-[3H]nicotine to the
      rat brain P2 preparation.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that (+/-)-[3H]nicotine binds to multiple sites in
      the rat brain P2 preparation. Using a series of pyridine, piperidine and
      pyrrolidine analogues, the present studies identified drugs with specificity for
      a separate up-regulatory site that increases the density of nicotine binding at
      another site. Of these compounds, (+/-)-2-methylpiperidine was the most specific.
      Some compounds inhibited without enhancing (+/-)-[3H]nicotine binding, but none
      bound with the very high affinity exhibited by nicotine and none could be
      classified as specific in inhibiting binding at a specific site. Structural
      changes in the 1- and 2-positions of pyridine and piperidine appear to be
      important for conferring specificity for the up-regulatory site whereas 3
      position changes may be important for binding specificity.

PMID- 4032428
TI  - Synthesis and LSD-like discriminative stimulus properties in a series of N(6)
      alkyl norlysergic acid N,N-diethylamide derivatives.
AB  - A convenient method for the synthesis of N(6)-alkyl norlysergic acid N,N
      diethylamide derivatives was developed. A series of these compounds was
      synthesized and tested for substitution in the two-lever drug discrimination
      assay, in rats trained to discriminate injections of d-LSD tartrate (185.5
      nmol/kg, ip) from saline. A dose-response curve for each of the compounds in the
      series was generated. Structure-activity relationships were developed, based on
      comparison of the estimated ED50 values from these curves. Of the compounds that
      substituted for LSD, the N(6)-ethyl and -allyl were approximately 2-3 times more
      potent than LSD itself. The N(6)-propyl was equipotent to LSD, while the
      isopropyl derivative was half as active. The n-butyl compound was 1 order of
      magnitude less potent than LSD, suggesting a similarity to the SAR of certain
      serotonin and dopamine agonists. By contrast, no generalization occurred to
      norlysergic acid N,N-diethylamide and the N(6)-2-phenethyl derivative.

PMID- 4032429
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity of some 4-aminobenzanilides.
AB  - A series of 4-aminobenzanilides derived from ring-alkylated anilines were
      prepared and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. These benzanilides were
      prepared in the course of studies designed to determine the relationship between
      the benzamide structure and anticonvulsant effects. The compounds were tested in
      mice against seizures induced by electroshock and metrazole (pentylenetetrazole)
      and in the rotorod assay for neurologic deficit. All of the 4-aminobenzanilides
      showed activity at doses of 300 mg/kg against maximal electroshock seizures
      (MES). The 4-aminobenzanilide derived from 2,6-dimethylaniline (8) was the most
      potent anti-MES compound with an ED50 of 2.60 mg/kg and a protective index of
      5.77 (PI = TD50/ED50). The activity profile for 8 compares quite favorably with
      that for phenobarbital and phenytoin in the same assays.

PMID- 4032430
TI  - Molecular mechanism of action of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Synthesis and
      biological evaluation of 4-methyl-, 7-methyl-, and 4,7-dimethyl-5,6
      dihydroxytryptamines.
AB  - The major mechanism by which the serotonin neurotoxin 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine
      (5,6-DHT) expresses its neurodegenerative action may involve alkylation of
      biological nucleophiles by the electrophilic quinoid autoxidation products. To
      determine the relative importance of various sites on these autoxidation products
      toward alkylation we have rationally designed and synthesized 4-Me-5,6-DHT (16a),
      7-Me-5,6-DHT (16b), and 4,7-Me2-5,6-DHT (16c). The indole nucleus of these
      analogues was constructed by the reductive cyclization of the corresponding 2,
      beta-dinitrostyrenes, and the aminoethyl side chain was introduced via gramine
      methiodides. Redox data showed that all the analogues are more readily oxidized
      compared to 5,6-DHT. The biological activity was evaluated in differentiated
      neuroblastoma N-2a cells in culture. The order of inhibitory potency, as
      determined by measuring the inhibition of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into
      DNA, was 16c much greater than 16a greater than 5,6-DHT approximately equal to
      16b. The order of affinity (expressed as IC50 values in microM) for serotonergic
      uptake as determined by measuring their inhibition of [3H]-5-HT uptake was 5,6
      DHT (4) greater than 16c (20) greater than 16a (23) greater than 16b (52). The
      results of these studies established that these rationally designed C-methylated
      analogues of 5,6-DHT are suitable probes for elucidating the molecular mechanism
      of action of 5,6-DHT.

PMID- 4032431
TI  - Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new series of antiarrhythmic
      agents: 4,4-disubstituted hexahydro-3H-pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidin-3-ones and related
      compounds.
AB  - A series of 4,4-disubstituted tetrahydro- and 4,4-disubstituted hexahydro-3H
      pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidin-3-ones (4 and 5, respectively) were prepared from 2-aryl-2
      (2-piperidinyl)-4-[N,N-bis (1-methylethyl)amino] butanamides (2). Individual
      racemates of the piperidinyl amides 2 were converted to pure racemic diaza
      bicyclic compounds that were evaluated for antiarrhythmic activity in the Harris
      dog model and anticholinergic activity in a muscarinic receptor binding assay.
      Selected compounds were subsequently evaluated for hemodynamic effects in
      anesthetized dogs where blood pressure depression and negative inotropic activity
      were assessed. Of this group, 4a (R = CH3) and 5a (R = CH3) showed the most
      favorable pharmacological profiles; the former compound was chosen for toxicity
      testing over the latter due to its lack of noncompetitive inhibition of
      acetylcholine-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum segments. Clinical
      evaluation is now under way.

PMID- 4032432
TI  - Synthetic and conformational studies on anatoxin-a: a potent acetylcholine
      agonist.
AB  - Anatoxin-a is a powerful nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Its recently
      reported synthesis has been further optimized to provide anatoxin-a of greater
      than 99% optical purity in 10% overall yield. The geometry of solid anatoxin-a
      has been determined by X-ray crystallography of its hydrochloride. The solution
      conformation has been determined by 500-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy, utilizing 2D NMR
      methods and homonuclear decouplings. For further comparisons, force field
      calculations have been employed to evaluate the differences in energy between the
      various conformations available for anatoxin-a. The molecule is seen to adopt the
      same ring conformation both in solution and in the crystal. Comparison of this
      conformation with the models proposed for acetylcholine receptor activation shows
      good agreement and allows for further inferences concerning the
      stereodiscrimination by the receptor.

PMID- 4032434
TI  - Synthesis of high specific activity [75Br]- and [77Br]bromperidol and tissue
      distribution studies in the rat.
AB  - A rapid synthesis of [75Br]- and [77Br]bromperidol with specific activity
      exceeding 10000 Ci/mmol is described in which a trimethylstannylated analogue of
      bromperidol is used as a substrate for regiospecific no-carrier-added
      radiobromination. 4-[4-[4-(Trimethylstannyl)phenyl]-4-hydroxypiperidino]-4'-
      fluorobutyrophenone was synthesized by the reaction of (trimethylstannyl)sodium
      with haloperidol and purified by preparative HPLC. Subsequent radiobromination
      with no-carrier-added 75Br- or 77Br- and in situ oxidation using H2O2/CH3COOH
      gave a corrected radiochemical yield of 35% with a 30-min preparation time.
      Tissue distribution studies in the rat show a rapid and prolonged uptake into the
      brain, liver, and kidneys and consistently low blood concentrations that differ
      quantitatively from previous studies using relatively low specific activity
      bromperidol. Potential clinical applications for this high specific activity
      radiobrominated neuroleptic are discussed.

PMID- 4032433
TI  - Effects of charge, volume, and surface on binding of inhibitor and substrate
      moieties to acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - Reversible inhibitors for acetylcholinesterase, AcChE, have been studied.
      Sterically similar alcohols with tetra-substituted uncharged beta groups,
      (CH3)3SiCH2CH2OH (I), (CH3)3CCH2CH2OH (IA), and CH3S(O2)CH2CH2OH (VII), bind
      similarly, KI = 3-9 mM, and each binds similarly to its acetate substrate;
      cationic analogues, (CH3)3N+CH2CH2OH (IB) and (CH3)2S+CH2CH2OH (II), bind
      similarly to each other, KI = 0.4 mM, similar to Km values of their acetate
      substrates, and more strongly than the uncharged alcohols by approximately 1.5
      kcal/mol. In comparisons of VII with CH3SO2CH3, II with (CH3)3S+, and IB with
      (CH3)4N+, hydroxyethyl leads to more favorable binding than methyl by
      approximately 0.8 kcal/mol, despite lower hydrophobicity. Two hydrophobic methyl
      groups, in comparison of IA with butanol, and two hydrophilic sulfone O atoms, in
      comparison of VII with 2-(methylthio)ethanol, increase binding similarly, by 1.0
      kcal/mol. Conversion of (CH3)3S+ to (CH3)3S+O also improves binding. However,
      (CH3)3N+O- does not bind to AcChE, and conversion of 1-(dimethylammonio)-4
      pentanone and 2-(dimethylammonio)ethyl acetate to their N-oxides, changes of
      identical to N+H to identical to N+--O-, decreases binding by 1.5 kcal/mol.
      Although the -COCH3 group in esters with well-binding beta substituents makes
      essentially no contribution to binding over that of the alcohols, in esters with
      weakly bound beta substituents, (CH3)2N+(O-), CH3N+H2, CH3S(O), CH3CH2, and CH3S
      binding is dominated by the ester -COCH3 group, with values of Km approximately
      16 mM.

PMID- 4032435
TI  - New cysteamine (2-chloroethyl)nitrosoureas. Synthesis and preliminary antitumor
      results.
AB  - Three chemical pathways were used for the synthesis of four new N'-(2
      chloroethyl)-N-[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]- and N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N-[2
      (methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-N- or N'-nitrosoureas. These compounds are plasma
      metabolites of CNCC, a promising antineoplastic (2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea.
      Preliminary antitumor evaluation was performed against L1210 leukemia implanted
      intraperitoneally in mice. Among these compounds, two of them exhibited a greater
      antitumor activity compared to that of the parent mixture.

PMID- 4032437
TI  - Aminotetralone analogues of ketamine: synthesis and evaluation of hypnotic and
      locomotor properties in mice.
AB  - Ketamine and phencyclidine are structurally similar compounds that share many
      pharmacological actions, some of which are similar to the phenethylamines
      amphetamine and cathione. In order to integrate structural features of ketamine
      and cathinone, two groups of analogues, which are more conformationally
      restricted compared to the parent compounds, were synthesized for biological
      evaluation. These included 1-amino-1-methyl-2-tetralone and 2-amino-2-methyl-1
      tetralone was well as several N-substituted derivatives of these molecules.
      Locomotor activity testing in mice revealed that 2-amino-2-methyl-1-tetralone
      caused an increase in locomotor activity while 1-amino-1-methyl-2-tetralone
      depressed spontaneous locomotor activity. None of the compounds produced hypnosis
      or profound ataxia.

PMID- 4032436
TI  - In the search for new anticancer drugs. 13. Phosphonic and phosphinic analogues
      of ornithine.
AB  - Phosphonic (4a,b) and phosphinic (5a-d) analogues of ornithine were synthesized
      and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against ornithine decarboxylase and
      against the lymphocytic leukemia P388. The title compounds possess a low degree
      of inhibition against rat liver ornithine decarboxylase as compared to alpha
      (difluoromethyl)ornithine. Thus, compounds 4a and 5a inhibit by 40% the ornithine
      decarboxylase activity at a 5 mM concentration. The other derivatives are less
      potent. Compounds 4a, 4b, 5b, and 5d are inactive against P388 tumor in CD2F1
      mice at doses of 50 and 150 mg/kg.

PMID- 4032438
TI  - Analogues of platelet activating factor. 3. Replacement of the phosphate moiety
      with a sulfonylbismethylene group.
AB  - An analogue of platelet activating factor (PAF) in which the phosphate moiety has
      been replaced with a sulfonylbismethylene group has been prepared. A key step in
      the synthetic sequence is the preparation of 4-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]thio]-1
      (hexadecyloxy)-2-butanol via a one-pot reaction involving a sequential Michael
      addition and reduction. In comparison to racemic C16-PAF, 8 showed no platelet
      aggregating activity and substantially reduced hypotensive activity.

PMID- 4032440
TI  - Impact on academic medical center of reduction in reimbursement of indirect
      research costs.
AB  - Debate over the level of indirect cost reimbursement associated with federally
      funded research projects continues to grow. With the increasing federal budget
      restraints, one recurring proposal arising from federal legislators, the
      executive branch, and the National Institutes of Health to cut costs and sustain
      direct project support has been to reduce indirect cost reimbursement. Using a
      system dynamics simulation model, the authors in this paper analyze the long-term
      economic impacts of such cutbacks on an academic medical center. The significant
      negative multiplier effects, due to the required diversion of institutional
      funds, are indicative of those that any research oriented university would
      experience.

PMID- 4032439
TI  - Preparation of biologically active ristocetin derivatives: replacements of the 1'
      amino group.
AB  - A series of ristocetin analogues with modifications (OH, C=O, C=NOH, NCOCH3) at
      the C-1' amino group was synthesized and found to possess antibacterial activity
      against gram-positive bacteria and to bind to Ac2-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala, a model for
      the antibiotic's site of action. Due to the lack of a positively charged amino
      group, the active analogues could not form a salt bridge, indicating that an
      electrostatic interaction between the positively charged 1'-amino group of
      ristocetin and the carboxylate anion of the peptide is not required for complex
      formation. The only compound that did not exhibit good antibacterial activity was
      epiristocetin aglycone (an analogue with the 1'amino group in the opposite
      configuration (S) as ristocetin). On the basis of NMR studies of epiristocetin
      aglycone in solution, the 1'-amino group is located in the proposed carboxylate
      binding pocket and may sterically block complex formation.

PMID- 4032441
TI  - Course work and grades of premedical students at two liberal arts colleges.
AB  - Choices of courses and academic performances of premedical students were
      investigated at two liberal arts colleges. Four hypotheses tested related to the
      areas of science concentration in the students' overall academic programs,
      breadth of the programs, depth of study in subjects outside science, and the
      grades achieved in all areas. Altogether, 345 students from the classes of 1982
      and 1983 were studied. Premedical students were compared with nonpremedical
      students studying biology and chemistry and with all other students. Premedical
      students and other students majoring in biology, chemistry, or other health
      related subjects had similar distributions of course credits by academic division
      and studied a greater breadth of subject matter than did other students. In
      contrast, the other students tended to study one subject outside their major in
      greater depth than the premedical students and other students majoring in biology
      and chemistry, and these subjects were usually in an academic division that did
      not include their major departments. The students from the two colleges who were
      admitted to medical schools achieved higher grades than either rejected
      applicants or nonapplicants from the colleges.

PMID- 4032442
TI  - Impact of medical school class ranking systems on applicants' ratings for
      residency positions.
AB  - The systems used by the medical schools for evaluation of 106 applicants for 1984
      85 pediatric level 1 (PL-1) residency positions at the Duke University Medical
      Center were studied by the authors to determine the possible relationship between
      contents of the applications and the rankings of these applicants for the
      National Resident Matching Program (NRMP). In the 56 U.S. medical schools
      studied, the grading systems of 24 medical schools used three passing grades
      (usually A, B, C), 14 used two passing grades (usually honors and pass), six used
      one passing grade (pass) and seven used a mixed system or number grades. The
      grading systems of five schools could not be discerned. Ten schools provided the
      class distribution of the awarded grades, and 23 identified the relative class
      standing of the applicant. Twenty-seven schools disclosed the position of the
      applicant in the class through grade distribution data or class standing; the 29
      other schools did not make such information known. Students whose schools had
      identified their class positions achieved higher rankings from the residency
      selection committee than did students from schools which did not, in spite of the
      fact that schools which did not disclose the student's comparative positions were
      categorized as being more "distinguished."

PMID- 4032443
TI  - Teaching the history of medicine to medical students.
AB  - The author in this article advocates the teaching of the history of medicine to
      medical students throughout their undergraduate medical education. The thesis is
      that teaching the history of medicine enhances the development of the student
      into a physician and supports his technical training. History acts as a unifying
      force connecting a variety of scientific and humanistic disciplines and, by
      providing a historical perspective, serves to promote the student as a
      professional.

PMID- 4032445
TI  - Substance-abuse education in medical school: past, present, and future.
AB  - In this article, the author presents an overview of substance-abuse education in
      U.S. medical schools. In the early 1970s, two nationwide conferences prompted an
      awareness of the need for improved medical education in substance abuse. The
      Council on Mental Health and the Committee on Alcohol and Drug Dependency, both
      of the American Medical Association, presented general guidelines for a
      curriculum in substance abuse. During the same era, the federal government
      sponsored a career teacher training program in drug abuse and alcoholism, and
      private foundation funding supported educational endeavors that resulted in long
      term materials for teaching in medical schools. Three current programs that are
      improving drug-abuse education are described. These developments are good
      examples of efforts that should be considered for any medical school curriculum.
      Goals for the future should include some attempt to modify the institutions, both
      medical schools and hospitals, where patterns leading to physician impairment may
      develop.

PMID- 4032444
TI  - Practice location preferences of Alabama medical students.
AB  - Factors that help determine physicians' practice locations and specialties were
      listed by 396 students and 103 medical school faculty members at the University
      of Alabama School of Medicine. The students preferred practice locations similar
      in size to their hometowns. Their specialty choices were closely related to both
      practice location preferences and hometown sizes. However, there was a tendency
      among the students to prefer a small city (20,000 to 100,000 population) practice
      location irrespective of their hometown sizes or specialty choices. Factors such
      as spouse's preference, proximity of relatives, and financial incentives were not
      related to the students' practice location preferences. Faculty members reported
      they believed that medical education biases students toward urban and nonprimary
      care practice, and one-third of them said that they were role models for the
      students' specialty choices. However, the students said faculty members had
      little influence on their specialty choices while acknowledging the importance of
      clinical experiences. In general, Alabama medical students are similar to medical
      students elsewhere with respect to determinants of practice location preference.

PMID- 4032446
TI  - Significant attitude changes among residents associated with a pediatric nurse
      practitioner.
AB  - In the study reported here, significant changes in attitudes occurred over a
      three-year period among pediatric residents who had close association with a
      pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) in their residency program. Residents entering
      the training program had an overall uncertain attitude toward PNPs but did
      respond favorably to the PNP's participation in the care of well children,
      patient education, and follow-up care. The greatest number of attitude changes
      toward the PNP took place after the first year of interaction between the
      residents and the PNP. After the first year, the residents favored the PNP's
      participation in the care of minor illnesses and stable chronic illnesses and in
      management of telephone calls from parents with concerns. Second-year residents
      also felt that the PNP was accepted by patients and physicians, that the PNP
      contributed to the reduction of health care costs, and that the PNP should have
      an expanded role. Upper-level residents continued to express favorable attitudes.
      The findings support the authors' hypothesis that favorable attitudes on the part
      of physicians toward PNPs can be cultivated during residency training by exposing
      residents to a PNP role model. In addition, the findings suggest that subsequent
      years of exposure will reinforce these favorable opinions if favorable opinions
      are established early in residency training.

PMID- 4032447
TI  - Relationship between subject examination scores in clerkships and academic and
      demographic factors.

PMID- 4032448
TI  - The influence of noncognitive variables in student performance.

PMID- 4032449
TI  - Gaining knowledge of geriatric medicine in the medicine clerkship.

PMID- 4032450
TI  - A self-assessment questionnaire for patient educators.

PMID- 4032452
TI  - To rank or not to rank.

PMID- 4032451
TI  - Effect of a breast examination teaching unit in physical diagnosis on medical
      students' practices.

PMID- 4032453
TI  - Restoration of immunosuppression in lung cancer by normal sera.
AB  - The ConA and PWM responses of blood lymphocytes from lung cancer patients (LC)
      was found to be diminished in comparison to normal. LC sera inhibited the
      blastogenic response of normal human and rat lymphocytes, suggesting that there
      is a common inhibitory mechanism. Addition of normal serum to lung cancer blood
      lymphocytes allows a restoration of the diminished proliferative responses to
      normal or near normal levels, except to high ConA concentrations. Possible
      explanations for this finding are discussed.

PMID- 4032454
TI  - Preparation of antibodies against the fourth complement component (C4) and
      development of a direct electroimmunoassay for quantification of C4d.
AB  - The specificity of several preparations of antihuman C4 antibodies were examined
      by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Two antibody preparations with anti-C4c and
      anti-"total" C4 reactivity respectively were prepared by immunoadsorption
      procedures and defined by comparison with reference antibodies of known
      specificity. These two antibody preparations were used in the development of a
      rocket immunoelectrophoresis with an intermediate gel for specific and direct
      quantification of C4d. This method permits the selective quantification of
      activation of the classical complement pathway as opposed to the alternative
      pathway activation.

PMID- 4032455
TI  - Apparent activation volumes of hydrophobic ions and carriers in planar lipid
      bilayers.
AB  - A gas-free high-pressure cell has been developed to measure planar bilayer
      conductances induced by hydrophobic ions and ionophores as a function of
      hydrostatic pressure. Plots of log conductance versus pressure for valinomycin
      and nonactin-mediated potassium transport in egg phosphatidyl cholinedecane
      membranes are essentially linear over a pressure range of 1 to 818 atm.
      Calculated activation volumes give similar results for both nonactin and
      valinomycin yielding values of + 48 and + 42 cc/mole, respectively. The
      valinomycin activation volume agrees reasonably well with the results obtained by
      Johnson and Miller (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 375:286-291, 1975) for K+-valinomycin
      transport in liposomes. In contrast to the activation volumes for nonactin and
      valinomycin, relaxation measurements of tetraphenyl boron (TPB) and dipicrylamine
      (DPA) give very small values of less than 5 cc/mole for the translocation rate
      constant, ki. Similarly, steady-state conductance measurements on tetraphenyl
      arsonium (TPA) and carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), give small
      values of 6 and 7 cc/mole, respectively. These low figures do not support
      transport theories based on the formation of bilayer holes or kinks (H. Trauble,
      J. Membrane Biol. 4:193-208, 1971). The low values for TPB and TPA are especially
      interesting because their cross-sectional areas are not much different than those
      of valinomycin and nonactin. Pressure-induced changes in membrane dielectric
      constant and thickness which lower the bilayer electrostatic barrier could
      explain the low values for the hydrophobic ions. Additionally, larger activation
      volumes might be expected for carriers such as nonactin and valinomycin that
      undergo significant rearrangement and change in hydration during surface
      complexation of cations.

PMID- 4032456
TI  - Cyanine dye fluorescence used to measure membrane potential changes due to the
      assembly of complement proteins C5b-9.
AB  - The fluorescent potentiometric indicator diS-C3-(5) has been used to investigate
      changes in membrane potential due to assembly of the C5b-9 membrane attack
      complex of the complement system. EAC1-7 human red blood cells and resealed
      erythrocyte ghosts--bearing membrane-assembled C5b67 complexes--were generated by
      immune activation in C8-deficient human serum. Studies performed with these
      cellular intermediates revealed that the membrane potential of EAC1-7 red cells
      and ghosts is unchanged from control red cells (-7 mV) and ghosts (O mV),
      respectively. Addition of complement proteins C8 and C9 to EAC1-7 red cells
      results in a dose-dependent depolarization of membrane potential which precedes
      hemolysis. This prelytic depolarization of membrane potential--and the consequent
      onset of hemolysis--is accelerated by raising external [K+], suggesting that the
      diffusional equilibration of transmembrane cation gradients is rate limiting to
      the cytolytic event. In the case of EAC1-7 resealed ghosts suspended at either
      high external [K+] or [Na+], no change in membrane potential (from O mV) could be
      detected after C8/C9 additions. When the membrane potential of the EAC1-7 ghost
      was displaced from O mV by selectively increasing the K+ conductance with
      valinomycin, a dose-dependent depolarization of the membrane was observed upon
      addition of C8 and C9. In these experiments, lytic breakdown of the ghost
      membranes was less than 5%. Conclusions derived from this study include: (i)
      measured prelytic depolarization of the red cell Donnan potential directly
      confirms the colloid-osmotic theory of immune cytolysis. (ii) The diffusional
      transmembrane equilibration of Na+ and K+ through the C5b-9 pore results in a
      dose-dependent depolarization of the membrane potential (Em) which appears to be
      rate-limiting to cytolytic rupture of the target erythrocyte. (iii) Enhanced
      immune hemolysis observed in high K+ media cannot be attributed to cation
      selective conductance across the C5b-9 pore, and is probably related to the near
      equilibrium condition of potassium-containing red cells when suspended at high
      external K+. These experiments demonstrate that carbocyanine dye fluorescent
      indicators can be used to monitor electrochemical changes arising from immune
      damage to the plasma membrane under both cytolytic and noncytolytic conditions.
      Potential application of this method to the detection of sublytic
      pathophysiological changes in the plasma membrane of complement-damaged cells are
      discussed.

PMID- 4032458
TI  - Measurement and stoichiometry of bumetanide-sensitive (2Na:1K:3Cl) cotransport in
      ferret red cells.
AB  - The bumetanide-sensitive uptake of Na+, K+(Rb+) and Cl- has been measured at 21
      degrees C in ferret red cells treated with (SITS + DIDS) to minimize anion flux
      via capnophorin (Band 3). During the time course of the influx experiments tracer
      uptake was a first-order rate process. At normal levels of external Na+ (150 mM)
      the bumetanide-sensitive uptake of K+ was dependent on Cl- and represented almost
      all of the K+ uptake, the residual flux demonstrating linear concentration
      dependence. The uptake of Na+ and Cl- was only partially inhibited by bumetanide
      indicating that pathways other than (Na + K + Cl) cotransport participate in
      these fluxes. The diuretic-sensitive uptake of Na+ or Cl- was, however, abolished
      by the removal of K+ or the complementary ion indicating that bumetanide
      sensitive fluxes of Na+, K+ and Cl- are closely coupled. At very low levels of
      [Na]o (less than 5 mM) K+ influx demonstrated complex kinetics, and there was
      evidence of the unmasking of a bumetanide-sensitive Na+-independent K+ transport
      pathway. The stoichiometry of bumetanide-sensitive tracer uptake was 2Na:1K:3Cl
      both in cells suspended in a low and a high K+-containing medium. The bumetanide
      sensitive flux was markedly reduced by ATP depletion. We conclude that a
      bumetanide-sensitive cotransport of (2Na:1K:3Cl) occurs as an electroneutral
      complex across the ferret red cell membrane.

PMID- 4032457
TI  - Permeability properties of cell-to-cell channels: kinetics of fluorescent tracer
      diffusion through a cell junction.
AB  - We have analyzed the intracellular and cell-to-cell diffusion kinetics of
      fluorescent tracers in the Chironomus salivary gland. We use this analysis to
      investigate whether membrane potential-induced changes in junctional permeability
      are accompanied by changes in cell-to-cell channel selectivity. Tracers of
      different size and fluorescence wavelength were coinjected into a cell, and the
      fluorescence was monitored in this cell and an adjacent one. Rate constants, kj,
      for cell-to-cell diffusion were derived by compartment model analysis, taking
      into account (i) cell-to-cell diffusion of the tracers; (ii) their loss from the
      cells; (iii) their binding (sequestration) to cytoplasmic components; and (iv)
      their relative mobility to cytoplasm, as determined separately on isolated cells.
      In cell pairs, we compared a tracer's kj with the electrical cell-to-cell
      conductance, gj. At cell membrane resting potential, the kj's ranged 3.8-9.2 X
      10(-3) sec-1 for the small carboxyfluorescein (mol wt 376) to about 0.4 X 10(-3)
      sec-1 for a large fluorescein-labeled sugar (mol wt 2327). Cell membrane
      depolarization reversibly reduced gj and kj for a large and a small tracer, all
      in the same proportion. This suggests that membrane potential controls the number
      of open channels, rather than their effective pore diameter or selectivity. From
      the inverse relation between tracer mean diameter and relative kj we calculate an
      effective, permeation-limiting diameter of approximately 29 A for the insect cell
      to-cell channel. Intracellular diffusion was faster than cell-to-cell diffusion,
      and it was not solely dependent on tracer size. Rate constants for intracellular
      sequestration and loss through nonjunctional membrane were large enough to become
      rate-limiting for cell-to-cell tracer diffusion at low junctional permeabilities.

PMID- 4032459
TI  - Calcium at the surface of cardiac plasma membrane vesicles: cation binding,
      surface charge screening, and Na-Ca exchange.
AB  - Calcium binding and Na-Ca exchange activity were measured in isolated cardiac
      plasma membrane vesicles under various ionic conditions. A model was developed to
      describe the Ca binding characteristics of cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles using the
      Gouy-Chapman theory of the diffuse double layer with specific cation binding to
      phospholipid carboxyl and phosphate groups. The surface association constants
      used for Ca, Na, K and H binding to both of these groups were 7,0.63, 0.3 and
      3800 M-1, respectively. This model allows the estimation of surface [Ca] under
      any specific ionic conditions. The effects of the divalent screening cation,
      dimethonium, on Ca binding and Na-Ca exchange were compared. Dimethonium had no
      significant effect on Ca binding at high ionic strength (150 mM KCl), but
      strongly depressed Ca binding at low ionic strength. Dimethonium had no
      significant effect on Na-Ca exchange (Na-inside dependent Ca influx) at either
      high or low ionic strength. These results suggest that the Ca sites of the Na-Ca
      exchanger are in a physical environment where they are either not exposed to or
      not sensitive to surface [Ca].

PMID- 4032460
TI  - Tight junction formation in cultured epithelial cells (MDCK).
AB  - Synthesis and assembly of tight junctions are studied in monolayers of MDCK cells
      plated at a density sufficient for confluence, allowed to attach for 1 hr, and
      transferred to fresh media without cells containing or not Ca2+. 20 hr later,
      while monolayers with Ca2+ have fully developed junctions that confer an
      electrical resistance across of 346 +/- 51 omega cm2, those without Ca2+ have a
      negligible resistance. If at this time Ca2+ is added, junctions assemble and seal
      with a fast kinetics, that can be followed through the development of electrical
      resistance, penetration of ruthenium red, and electron microscopy. Drugs that
      impair synthesis, maturation and transport of proteins (cycloheximide,
      tunicamycin, monensin) indicate that protein components are synthesized early
      upon plating, do not seem to require N-glycosylation, and are stored in the Golgi
      compartment. Upon addition of Ca2+ they are transferred to the membrane with the
      participation of microfilaments but not of microtubules. These components seem to
      insert directly in the position they occupy in the strands, and the cell circles
      its perimeter with one strand as early as 15 min, even if in some segments it
      only consists of a row of particles. New strands develop in association with
      previous ones, and the pattern completes in 4 to 6 hr. Ca2+ is required for the
      maintenance of the assembly and also for the sealing with neighboring cells.
      These processes cannot occur below 25 degrees C. Serum is not required. Polarized
      distribution of intramembrane particles (IMP) in apical and basolateral regions
      follows the same time course as junction formation, in spite of the fence
      constituted by those strands that are already assembled. This suggests that IMP
      do not redistribute by lateral displacements in the plane of the membrane, but by
      removal and insertion in the apical and basolateral domains.

PMID- 4032461
TI  - A minimum mechanism for Na+-Ca++ exchange: net and unidirectional Ca++ fluxes as
      functions of ion composition and membrane potential.
AB  - Both simultaneous and consecutive mechanisms for Na+-Ca++ exchange are formulated
      and the associated systems of steady-state equations are solved numerically, and
      the net and unidirectional Ca++ fluxes computed for a variety of ionic and
      electrical boundary conditions. A simultaneous mechanism is shown to be
      consistent with a broad range of experimental data from the squid giant axon,
      cardiac muscle and isolated sarcolemmal vesicles. In this mechanism, random
      binding of three Na+ ions and one Ca++ on apposing sides of a membrane are
      required before a conformational change can occur, translocating the binding
      sites to the opposite sides of the membranes. A similar (return) translocation
      step is also permitted if all the sites are empty. None of the other states of
      binding can undergo such translocating conformational changes. The resulting
      reaction scheme has 22 reaction steps involving 16 ion-binding intermediates. The
      voltage dependence of the equilibrium constant for the overall reaction, required
      by the 3:1 Na+: Ca++ stoichiometry was obtained by multiplying and dividing,
      respectively, the forward and reverse rate constants of one of the
      translocational steps by exp(-FV/2RT). With reasonable values for the membrane
      density of the enzyme (approximately 120 sites micron 2) and an upper limit for
      the rate constants of both translocational steps of 10(5) . sec-1, satisfactory
      behavior was obtainable with identical binding constants for Ca++ on the two
      sides of the membrane (10(6) M-1), similar symmetry also being assumed for the
      Na+ binding constant (12 to 60 M-1). Introduction of order into the ion-binding
      process eliminates behavior that is consistent with experimental findings.

PMID- 4032463
TI  - Developmental trends of jumping reaction time by means of EMG in mentally
      retarded children.
AB  - Developmental trends of jumping reaction time (RT) in mentally retarded children
      were studied cross-sectionally. Fifty-three boys, ranging in CA from 7 to 18
      years, took part in the jumping RT task. RT measurements were obtained from EMG
      of an agonist muscle (rectus femoris). There was a significant decrease in RT
      with increasing CA. Correlation between RT and MA was highly significant, but
      discontinuity in the distribution was found between MA of 6 and 7 years. The
      subjects with a MA below 6 were characterized by large variability as well as
      slowness in RT. RT was not correlated with CA holding MA constant among the
      subjects with a MA below 6. The subjects with a MA above 7 showed relatively
      small variability within and between subjects. RT in subjects with a MA above 7
      decreased with CA holding MA constant but RIV showed no change. RT in children
      with a very low MA is prolonged by inefficiency which reflects difficulty in
      maintaining attention or arousal level. The efficiency in information processing
      may change between the MAs of 6 and 7 years.

PMID- 4032462
TI  - Barium modifies the concentration dependence of active potassium transport by
      insect midgut.
AB  - The rate of active K+ transport by the isolated lepidopteran midgut shows a
      rectangular hyperbolic relation to [K+] over the range 20 to 70 mM K+ in the
      absence of any divalent cation. Addition of Ba++ to the hemolymph (K+ uptake)
      side introduces a linear component to the concentration dependence, such that
      active K+ transport is decreased at [K+] of 55 mM or less, but increased
      transiently at higher [K+]. As [Ba++] is increased over the range 2 to 8 mM the
      linear component increases and the saturating component decreases; in 8 mM Ba++
      the concentration dependence is dominated by the linear component. The effect of
      Ba++ cannot easily be accounted for by simple competition with K+ for basal
      membrane uptake sites. Similar effects might be exercised by other alkali earth
      cations, since the concentration dependence of active K+ transport possesses a
      substantial linear component in solutions containing 5 mM Ca++ and 5 mM Mg++ (the
      alkali earth metal concentrations of standard lepidopteran saline).

PMID- 4032464
TI  - Verb usage by educable mentally retarded children.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the semantic and morphological
      nature of verb usage by educable mentally retarded (EMR) children. Three groups
      of children were studied in structured and non-structured situations in which the
      verb system was the core interest. There were 15 mentally retarded younger
      children (8.6-9.6 years), 19 mentally retarded older children (10.0-12.6 years)
      and a control group of 17 normal children (5.0-6.0 years). Results showed that
      EMR children use fewer conjugations than normal children of similar or lower
      mental age, and thus they can express fewer verb-case relations. In particularly
      EMR children show limited use of process-verb relations. It was further found
      that EMR children are restricted in the morphological processing of verbs in past
      and future tenses.

PMID- 4032466
TI  - X-ray microscopy: experimental results with the Gottingen X-ray microscope at the
      electron storage ring BESSY in Berlin.
AB  - An X-ray microscope and X-ray microscopy experiments with biological specimens
      are described. The experiments have been performed with a resolution of about
      0.05 micron using the synchrotron radiation of the electron storage ring BESSY.

PMID- 4032465
TI  - Finnish type of sialic acid storage disease with sialuria (Salla disease): the
      occurrence and diagnostic significance of cytoplasmic vacuoles in blood
      lymphocytes.
AB  - In this study peripheral blood smears from 29 patients (17 males and 12 females;
      mean age 28 years, range 3-65 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of the Finnish
      type of sialic acid storage disease (FSASD) and 200 controls with mental
      retardation without any evidence of metabolic disease were examined for the
      presence of vacuolated lymphocytes. Urine samples were analysed by thin-layer
      chromatography for free sialic acid. Only 62% of the patients with FSASD had a
      clearly increased percentage of vacuolated lymphocytes (greater than normal mean
      + 2 s.d.). In thin-layer chromatography all the FSASD patients gave a positive
      test result. No false positive or negative results were obtained.
      Electronmicroscopical examination of peripheral blood lymphocytes demonstrated
      only non-specific changes in a few cells. Examination of peripheral lymphocytes
      for vacuoles is not a reliable screening test for FSASD. The screening method of
      choice is the analysis of free sialic acid by thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 4032467
TI  - Synchrotron radiation applied to the microscopical examination of solid state and
      biological materials in the X-ray region.
AB  - The paper describes the properties of synchrotron radiation and makes some
      comparison with other X-ray sources. The use of synchrotron radiation for various
      types of X-ray imaging is discussed with reference to specific examples drawn
      from work carried out recently at the SERC Daresbury Laboratory.

PMID- 4032468
TI  - Developments in contact X-ray microscopy in biomedical research.
AB  - Contact X-ray microscopy (microradiography) is a method of studying the
      microstructure of biological tissue. These techniques have been used to study the
      historadiological details of human breast tissue and sections of human ear
      ossicles. X-ray microscopy can also be used to demonstrate variations in
      structural densities seen in histological specimens including the detection of
      microcalcification. A modification of existing apparatus is described which has
      resulted in improved image-contrast and detail. The ability of X-rays to
      penetrate relatively thick sections of tissue makes it an ideal method for
      studying the morphology of biological structures, particularly in calcified
      tissue. The tissues may be further examined by conventional histology, elemental
      analysis, etc. The technique has a complementary role to alternative methods of
      tissue microscopy.

PMID- 4032469
TI  - Absorption microanalysis with a scanning soft X-ray microscope: mapping the
      distribution of calcium in bone.
AB  - This article describes the scanning transmission X-ray microscope operated at the
      National Synchroton Light Source. The application of the instrument to elemental
      analysis is detailed. In particular, qualitative results on the calcium
      distribution in human skull tissue are presented.

PMID- 4032470
TI  - X-ray microscopy using computerized axial tomography.
AB  - Computerized axial tomography with MoK alpha X-radiation has been used to study a
      0.8 X 0.8 mm column of human femoral bone at a resolution of 15 micron. This non
      destructive X-ray microscopic technique allowed 'sections' to be made with 25
      micron separation and the distribution of linear absorption coefficient in each
      section to be determined.

PMID- 4032471
TI  - Assessment of coping efficacy: a comment.

PMID- 4032472
TI  - An empirical examination of the "pain-behavior" construct.
AB  - Observable means of communicating pain and suffering, "pain behaviors," have been
      postulated to comprise an important construct relevant in both the development
      and the maintenance of chronic pain [Fordyce, W.E. (1976). Behavioral Methods for
      Chronic Pain and Illness, C.V. Mosby, St. Louis, Mo.]. Two groups of
      professionals who have direct contact with chronic-pain patients (i.e.,
      physicians and psychologists) participated in a study designed (a) to identify
      the latent or underlying characteristics of pain behaviors and (b) to assess the
      degree of agreement of these characteristics between health professionals with
      very different training. Multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical clustering
      statistical techniques were employed to identify the latent structure of pain
      behaviors. Two primary pain behavior dimensions were identified, namely, audible
      visible and affective-behavioral. Four clusters of pain behaviors were identified
      and labeled distorted ambulation or posture, negative affect, facial/audible
      expressions of distress, and avoidance of activity. The two samples of health
      care providers identified virtually equivalent latent characteristics of pain
      behaviors. The data suggest that there is consistency in the pain-behavior
      construct and that the latent structure is generally congruent with Fordyce's
      original conceptualization. The results provide an empirically derived basis for
      the assessment of pain behaviors.

PMID- 4032473
TI  - Coping with a stressful medical procedure: further investigation with volunteer
      blood donors.
AB  - The coping strategies used by volunteer blood donors were studied in an attempt
      to replicate and extend the findings of Kaloupek et al. [(1984). J. Behav. Med.
      7:35-60]. Specifically, coping was assessed by process, state, and trait measures
      that were then examined in terms of their relationships with subjective,
      physiological, and behavioral indices of anxiety. Ratings of anxiety made by the
      donors themselves and by attending nurses generally replicated the previous
      finding of lower distress associated with avoidant coping (e.g., distraction).
      Problem-focused coping was also associated with lower distress, including a lower
      heart rate for first-time donors. Other evidence suggests that for some
      individuals the expression of distress may be part of a coping strategy that is
      associated with reduced physiological responding. Discussion concerns links
      between coping and anxiety which may have relevance to stressful medical
      situations, including the possible need for anxiety reduction to allow successful
      application of avoidant coping.

PMID- 4032475
TI  - The continent ileal urinary reservoir: a significant advance in urinary
      diversion.

PMID- 4032474
TI  - Stress-induced muscular activity in mandibular dysfunction: effects of
      biofeedback training.
AB  - Surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings from the left and right masseteric
      areas during physical and psychological induced stress were obtained from 20
      patients with mandibular dysfunction and 20 healthy controls. Integrated
      electromyographic activity was not significantly different for the two sides but
      was higher for patients than for controls during both stress and relaxation.
      Anxiety level, as measured with the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, was higher for
      patients. Biofeedback treatment for the patients resulted in significantly
      reduced signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. When the test procedures
      were repeated, the controls had not changed in their electromyographic responses
      during stress, whereas the patients showed a significant decrease in this
      respect. The results obtained are discussed in terms of a systems-oriented
      etiological concept.

PMID- 4032476
TI  - Refinement of a molecular model for lamprey hemoglobin from Petromyzon marinus.
AB  - A molecular model for the protein and ambient solvent of the complex of cyanide
      with methemoglobin V from the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus yields an R-factor
      of 0.142 against X-ray diffraction data to 2.0 A resolution. The root-mean-square
      discrepancies from ideal bond length and angle are, respectively, 0.014 A and 1.5
      degrees. Atoms that belong to planar groups deviate by 0.012 A from planes
      determined by a least-squares procedure. The average standard deviation for
      chiral volumes, peptide torsion angle and torsion angles of side-chains are 0.150
      A3, 2.0 degrees and 19.4 degrees, respectively. The root-mean-square variation in
      the thermal parameters of bonded atoms of the polypeptide backbone is 1.21 A2;
      the variation in thermal parameters for side-chain atoms is 2.13 A2. The model
      includes multiple conformations for 11 side-chains of the 149 amino acid residues
      of the protein. We identify 231 locations as sites of water molecules in full or
      partial occupancy. The sum of occupancy factors for these sites is approximately
      154, representing 28% of the 550 molecules of water within the crystallographic
      asymmetric unit. The environment of the heme in the cyanide complex of lamprey
      methemoglobin resembles the deoxy state of the mammalian tetramer. In particular,
      the bond between atom NE2 of the proximal histidine and the Fe lies 5.1 degrees
      from the normal of the heme plane. In deoxy- and carbonmonoxyhemoglobins, the
      deviations from the normal to the heme plane are 7 to 8 degrees and 1 degree,
      respectively. Furthermore, the inequality in the distance of atom CD2 of the
      proximal histidine from the pyrrole nitrogen of ring-C of the heme (distance =
      3.29 A) and CE1 from the pyrrole nitrogen of ring-A (distance = 3.06 A) is
      characteristic of deoxyhemoglobin, not carbonmonoxyhemoglobin, where these
      distances are equal. Finally, a hydrogen bond exists between carbonyl 111 and the
      hydroxyl of tyrosine 149. The corresponding hydrogen link in the mammalian
      tetramer is central to the T to R state transition and is present in
      deoxyhemoglobin but absent in carbonmonoxyhemoglobin. We suggest that the low
      affinity of oxygen for lamprey hemoglobin may be a consequence of these T-state
      geometries.

PMID- 4032477
TI  - Preliminary crystallographic study of an L-asparaginase from Vibrio succinogenes.
AB  - Crystals of an L-asparaginase from Vibrio succinogenes were obtained with the
      hanging drop method from ammonium sulphate-containing solutions. The crystals
      belong to the orthorhombic space group P22(1)2(1) with unit cell dimensions of a
      = 71.3 A, b = 85.8 A, c = 114.0 A, and contain two tetrameric enzyme molecules
      per unit cell. There are two subunits in the asymmetric unit; a molecular dyad is
      coincident with the crystallographic dyad. The crystal lattice is similar to that
      reported for an Escherichia coli asparaginase. Rotation function calculations
      have revealed that the V. succinogenes enzyme has 222 point group symmetry in the
      crystal. The second and third molecular dyads differ, however, from the
      corresponding E. coli asparaginase dyads by approximately 40 degrees. The
      crystals diffract to at least 2.2 A resolution and are suitable for X-ray
      crystallographic structure determination.

PMID- 4032478
TI  - Signal sequences. The limits of variation.
AB  - Variations in length and composition of the charged N-terminal, central
      hydrophobic and polar C-terminal regions in a large sample of signal sequences
      have been mapped, both as a function of the overall length of the sequence, and
      in an absolute sense, i.e. various "extremes" have been sought. The results show
      subtle differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic sequences, but the general
      impression of signal sequences as being highly variable is reinforced. Criteria
      for a "minimal" signal sequence are suggested and discussed.

PMID- 4032479
TI  - Triple rings: a new type of compact structure of circular DNA.
AB  - Complexes of circular superhelical pBR322 DNA with a synthetic tripeptide capable
      of beta-structure formation (dansylhydrazide trivaline) were studied at different
      peptide/DNA ratios by electron microscopy. It was shown on rotary-shadowed
      preparations that peptide binding induces intramolecular DNA condensation and
      compact ring-shaped particles are formed from fibres 120 A thick. The analysis of
      the morphology of the ring structures observed at various peptide/DNA ratios as
      well as contour length measurements enabled us to draw conclusions about the
      organization of the double-stranded DNA filaments in these structures. It was
      established that the fibres forming compact rings contain three double-stranded
      DNA segments closely associated due to DNA-peptide and peptide-peptide
      interactions. The mechanisms leading to the formation of the triple rings may be
      important in DNA condensation in vivo.

PMID- 4032480
TI  - Low resolution crystal structure of muconolactone isomerase. A decamer with a 5
      fold symmetry axis.
AB  - Muconolactone isomerase from Pseudomonas putida crystallizes from sodium sulfate
      solution in space group P2(1) (a = 65.84 A, b = 105.70 A, c = 77.20 A, beta =
      90.5 degrees) with ten 11,000 Mr subunits per asymmetric unit. The 7 A resolution
      crystal structure was solved by single isomorphous replacement followed by 10
      fold symmetry averaging. The decameric enzyme has an uncommon non
      crystallographic 5-fold symmetry axis and a large cavity in its center.

PMID- 4032481
TI  - Statistical mechanics of DNA topoisomers. The helical worm-like chain.
AB  - Recent experimental data of Shore & Baldwin (1983b) and of Horowitz & Wang (1984)
      for the apparent twisting coefficient K, which determines the breadth of the
      Gaussian distribution of DNA topoisomers with different linking numbers N, show
      that the product of K and nbp (the number of base-pairs) is nearly a constant for
      nbp approximately greater than 2000, but that it increases sharply with
      decreasing nbp for nbp approximately less than 2000. The main purpose of the
      present paper is to explain theoretically such behavior of K as a function of
      nbp. Thus the statistical mechanics of DNA topoisomers in general is developed on
      the basis of a twisted worm-like chain, i.e. a special case of the helical worm
      like chain. The previous treatments of the N-dependent ring-closure probability,
      i.e. the distribution of N, which are valid only for small chain length L, are
      extended to the range of larger L. The variance of N is then shown to be exactly
      the sum of those of the writhe Wr and the twist Tw. For small values of L, the
      distribution of Wr is not Gaussian, and its variance or moment (Wr2) increases
      rather steeply with increasing L. With these and known Monte Carlo results for
      freely jointed chains, an empirical interpolation formula for (Wr2) is also
      constructed to be valid for all values of L. It predicts that (Wr2)/L increases
      monotonically, with increasing L to its coil-limiting value. On the other hand,
      the distribution of N is actually Gaussian in the practical range of N for all
      values of L. The conditional distribution of Wr with N fixed is also evaluated.
      Finally, K is expressed in terms of the torsional constant C, the stiffness
      parameter lambda-1 (which is equal to the Kuhn segment length and twice the
      persistence length for this special case), and (Wr2). The derived equation
      predicts that nbpK decreases monotonically to its coil-limiting value with
      increasing nbp. This decrease arises from the fluctuation in Wr and its neglect
      leads to an underestimate of C by 7 to 10%, even for short DNA with nbp
      approximately equal to 200. From an analysis of the experimental data of the two
      groups, the estimates of C = 3.1 to 3.2 X 10(-19) erg cm and lambda-1 = 1000 to
      1200 A are obtained.

PMID- 4032482
TI  - Abstracts of the Sixth Meeting of the Australian and New Zealand Section of the
      International Society for Heart Research. Lorne, Victoria, Australia, 20-22
      February 1985.

PMID- 4032483
TI  - Mitotic-cyclic and cycle-independent growth of cardiomyocytes.
AB  - The number of myocytes in mouse heart ventricles increased by 25% to 30%, on
      average, mainly for 3 days after birth. The mean myocyte number was 1.87 +/- 0.04
      X 10(6) in 3-week-old and older mice, while the individual values varied up to
      25% in any age group. In newborn mice, up to 90% of the myocytes were diploid
      cells, then polyploidization occurred. The stable ratio of ploidy classes was
      observed from 3 weeks to 1 year of age. The main class was always binucleate 2c X
      2, comprising approximately 80% of the entire population. Nor were many
      mononucleate tetraploids (4c) and octaploids of different types (8c, 4c X 2, 2c X
      4, 2c + 2c + 4c) observed. An insignificant number of hexadecaploids (16c and 8c
      X 2) could be found in some animals. The mean protein content in myocytes was not
      always directly proportional to the weight of the ventricles. These data and a
      certain discrepancy between calculated wet and measured dry weights allowed us to
      assume that the water content and the non-muscle component of myocardium varied
      from heart to heart. In growing myocytes of different ploidy, the ratio of the
      myocyte masses did not correspond to the genome ratio 2: 4: 8: 16 being equal to
      2: 3.3: 5.0: 6.3. Thus the growth of the cells outside mitotic cycle differs from
      that during polyploidization.

PMID- 4032484
TI  - Reperfusion injury induced by augumented oxygen uptake in the initial reperfusion
      period. Possible efficacy of extreme hemodilution.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the relationship between myocardial oxygen
      consumption and oxygen-induced myocardial injury. Dog hearts were exposed to 40
      min normothermic ischemia and then reperfused for 10 min with three oxygenated
      perfusates containing different hemoglobin concentrations and with moderate
      hemodilution. The experimental groups consist of a moderate hemodilution group
      (Group M) receiving 8 g/dl of hemoglobin, an extreme hemodilution group (Group E)
      given 4 g/dl of hemoglobin, and a hemoglobin-free autologous plasma group (Group
      F). Hearts in the non-ischemic control group (Group C) were also perfused with
      moderate hemodilution throughout. In Group C, Group M and Group E, the O2 tension
      of perfusates was maintained at about 100 mmHg and in Group F, at over 300 mmHg.
      Oxygen extraction at 5 min after reperfusion in Group C was 14%, in Group M and
      Group E less than 10%, but in Group F 70%. Oxygen consumption in Group F was more
      than twice that in Group E and surpassed that in Group C. Group M also showed a
      significant increase in oxygen consumption compared with Group E at 5 min after
      reperfusion. Among the ischemic groups, Group E showed improvement of left
      ventricular function almost comparable to Group C accompanied by a rapid decrease
      in myocardial lactate, improved preservation of myocardial adenine nucleotides
      and prevention of myocardial lipid peroxidation. In contrast, Group F showed
      persistently higher values of lipid peroxides and lactate, the poorest recovery
      of adenine nucleotides, and impairment of left ventricular function.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032485
TI  - Effects of nickel ions on the transmembrane action potential of guinea-pig heart
      preparations.
AB  - Experiments in isolated left auricle and right ventricular papillary muscle from
      guinea-pig hearts were performed in order to study the effects of nickel ions
      (Ni2+) on the transmembrane action potential. On the electrically paced guinea
      pig left auricle NiCl2 in 10(-8)M concentration did not modify the action
      potential (AP). 10(-7)M Ni2+ caused a slight hyperpolarizing effect, markedly
      enhanced the maximum rate of rise of AP (Vmax) and shortened the duration of
      AP.10(-6) and 10(-5)M NiCl2 dose-dependently accelerated the repolarization,
      while 10(-5)M had a strong depolarizing effect, too. The stimulatory effect of
      10(-7)M NiCl2 on Vmax could be observed under Ca-free condition too. Increase of
      Vmax caused by 10(-7)M Ni2+ was not prevented by cholinergic blockade (atropine,
      3 X 10(-7)M) by beta-adrenergic blockade (pindolol, 4 X 10(-7)M) or by inhibition
      of prostaglandin synthesis (indomethacin, 10(-6)M). On the electrically paced
      guinea-pig papillary muscle both 10(-7)M and 10(-5)M NiCl2 increased the resting
      membrane potential (RP), the overshoot and Vmax but accelerated only slightly the
      initial repolarization phase. A concentration of 10(-4)M NiCl2, however, without
      causing any effect on the other parameters, shortened the whole repolarization
      phase. The h infinity-curve relating Vmax of the ventricular action potential to
      the membrane potential was increased by 10(-7)M Ni2+. The increase of Vmax was
      more pronounced at membrane potentials more negative than -75 mV and could not be
      observed at membrane potentials more positive than -70 mV. Steady state
      inactivation of Vmax was shifted by 5 mV to more negative potentials by 10(-7)M
      Ni2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032486
TI  - Influence of genetic composition of test-animal populations on chronic toxicity
      studies used for risk estimation.
AB  - A lifespan exposure of mice to benzidine dihydrochloride was conducted for 33 m
      using both sexes of two populations of mice with the same gene pool. One
      population was the genetically homogeneous F1 hybrid produced by crossing
      BALB/cStCrlC3Hf/Nctr males with C57BL/6jfC3Hf/Nctr females. The second population
      consisted of genetically heterogenous monohybrid cross (MC) offspring produced by
      mating the F1 hybrids inter se. Data comparisons were made to determine if gene
      distribution among members of a population affects the response to a toxic
      insult. Endpoints tested consisted of mortality, liver tumor incidence and time
      of tumor onset, mortality from reticulum-cell sarcoma, and body weights. In most
      instances it was noted that among animals not dosed (controls), the F1 population
      had lower background incidence of lesions and lived longer than the MC
      population. However, among the dosed animals, the F1 mice were generally more
      susceptible to the toxic agent and developed higher incidences of the chemically
      induced lesions than did the MC population. The F1 hybrid population gave a more
      conservative estimate of risk than did the MC population. The calculation of the
      liver tumor risk for these two populations showed that lifespan exposure to
      benzidine would be predicted to result in a larger number (higher risk) when
      using the F1 data. A 4.5-fold difference in the toxic response was observed
      between the F1 females and the MC males. This emphasizes the importance of gene
      distribution in risk estimation studies.

PMID- 4032487
TI  - The human body burden of mirex in the southeastern United States.
AB  - Mirex is an organochlorine chemical with pesticidal and other industrial usages.
      Biologically, mirex was used as an insecticide for the control of imported fire
      ants in large areas of the southeastern United States. Evidence of mirex exposure
      in a national survey of chemicals in adipose tissue led to a more intensive
      survey of the general population in treated counties of the southeastern United
      States. Forty sites were selected randomly from 8 southeastern states where mirex
      was used widescale to combat fire ants; a total of 624 adipose tissue specimens
      were collected from these 40 sites. Tissue specimens were prepared by a modified
      Mills-Onley-Gather procedure and analyzed for mirex and selected other
      organochlorine compounds by electron-capture gas chromatography. Positive residue
      findings were confirmed by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
      Weighted statistical analysis of the data was conducted to estimate the level of
      mirex in the study area. It was estimated that 10.2% of the population of
      southern United States had quantifiable levels of mirex in adipose tissue. The
      estimated geometric mean of the quantifiable residue amounts was 0.286 ppm (lipid
      basis). Statistical tests of association and regression were used to investigate
      possible relationships between the presence and levels of mirex, and the Census
      Division or state of tissue-specimen collection, by age, race, and sex. These
      analyses indicated that region or location of tissue specimen collection (assumed
      to be area of residence) strongly related to both the presence of mirex residue
      and the amount of mirex residue detected. This may be correlated with the amount
      of mirex applied for fire ant control or with some other exposure patterns in
      different regions.

PMID- 4032488
TI  - Uptake and disposition of mirex in hepatocytes and subcellular fractions in CD1
      mouse liver.
AB  - In vivo uptake and disposition of [14C]mirex by CD1 mouse liver subcellular
      fractions and cells of different nuclear ploidy were examined following single or
      multiple doses of mirex injected intraperitoneally. Significant amounts of mirex
      were rapidly taken up by liver (21-29%), suggesting that liver is one of the
      primary sites of accumulation of the chemical. Among subcellular fractions, mirex
      was predominantly distributed in mitochondria and microsomes in the irreversibly
      bound form (about 20%), although its levels fluctuated considerably with time.
      Mirex was completely dissociated with trichloroacetic acid treatment from both
      nuclear and plasma membrane fractions, although the total uptake by these
      fractions was markedly high. The time course of uptake and concentration
      dependent disposition of mirex revealed that polyploid hepatocytes selectively
      accumulated higher amounts of the chemical (two to three times) compared to
      diploid hepatocytes. The increased affinity of polyploid cells to mirex may
      indicate a greater susceptibility of this cell type to the chemical insult and
      also may suggest a possible early involvement of polyploids in the tumorigenic
      process in rodent livers.

PMID- 4032489
TI  - Dietary selenium, glutathione peroxidase activity, and toxicity of 2,3,7,8
      tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin.
AB  - TCDD has been shown to inhibit selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase
      activity. The role of selenium in TCDD toxicity is not known. We have therefore
      examined the effect of TCDD administration on hepatic glutathione peroxidase,
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S
      transferase activities, glutathione content, and lipid peroxidation in rats fed
      0, 0.10, and 2.0 ppm dietary selenium. TCDD treatment significantly inhibited
      selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase in animals on diets containing 0.10 and
      2.0 ppm selenium. The selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activities in
      rats on 0.10 and 2.0 ppm dietary selenium were 8.3-and 4.7-fold greater than in
      animals fed a diet containing 0 ppm selenium. TCDD administration enhanced
      hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation by factors of 4.0, 4.9, and 9.8 in animals
      fed diets containing 0, 0.10, and 2.0 ppm selenium, respectively. The
      administration of a lethal dose of TCDD to rats fed diets containing 0, 0.10, and
      2.0 ppm selenium resulted in 0, 46, and 7% survival, respectively, after 66 d.
      Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione
      reductase activities were induced by TCDD. The results indicate that optimum
      dietary selenium provides partial protection from the toxic effects of TCDD.

PMID- 4032491
TI  - Toxicity of fenvalerate to developing steelhead trout following continuous or
      intermittent exposure.
AB  - Environmental toxicant exposure commonly vary in terms of duration and
      concentration. However, laboratory toxicity tests usually entail continuous
      exposures to constant concentrations. We compared survival, growth, and toxicant
      accumulation in early life-stage steelhead trout intermittently or continuously
      exposed to fenvalerate (FV) for 70 d after fertilization. Acute lethality was
      assessed in ancillary 96-h LC50 determinations with juvenile fish. Intermittent
      exposures were daily 4.5-h introductions of toxicant, and continuous exposures
      were to constant concentrations. All tests were conducted in a flow-through
      dilution apparatus, and mean concentrations for the entire exposure period were
      calculated for comparisons between regimens. The respective 96-h LC50 values for
      intermittently and continuously exposed were 88 and 172 ng/l. In the subchronic
      study, marked lethality (32%) and reduced terminal weight (50%) were found
      following exposures to cyclic FV concentrations that yielded an average of 80
      ng/l (peak of 461). Continuous exposure to 80 ng FV/l did not affect these
      parameters. At mean FV concentrations above 20 ng/l, bioaccumulation was greater
      following intermittent than continuous exposure. Interaction of partitioning and
      elimination processes may partially explain differences in FV accumulation and
      subsequent toxicity.

PMID- 4032490
TI  - Hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria in Japanese quail: changes in microsomal
      enzymes.
AB  - Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was administered orally (500 mg/kg d) for 1, 2, 5, or
      10d) to sexually mature Japanese quail to compare altered hepatic porphyrin
      levels with changes that occur in hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.
      Porphyrin levels rapidly increased following the administration of HCB (three
      times control levels after a single dose of HCB), and birds began to develop
      porphyria (i.e., porphyrin levels were at least 10 times higher than controls)
      following 5 d of treatment. Following 10 d of HCB treatment, 3 of 4 treated quail
      were porphyric. Coincident with the HCB-induced disruption of the heme
      biosynthetic pathway were increases in various hepatic constituents. Changes
      included elevation of microsomal protein concentrations and increases in the
      specific content of cytochrome P-450, in the activities of aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase (AHH), biphenyl hydroxylase (BPH), ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase
      (EROD), and ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD), and in cytosolic and microsomal
      glutathione S-transferase (GSH-t) levels. In addition, the lambda max of the CO
      versus CO-reduced absorption spectra of hepatic microsomes from HCB-dosed birds
      showed a hypsochromic shift of 450 to 448 nm. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome P
      450 reductase was increased following 10 d of HCB, and the activity of epoxide
      hydrolase was increased following 5 d of HCB. Most of these changes occurred with
      a single HCB treatment, and no further alterations developed in the nature of the
      response with repetitive dosing. Only weight loss, increased cytochrome P-450
      content, and increases in GSH-t activity occurred simultaneously with the
      induction of porphyria.

PMID- 4032492
TI  - Developmental changes in the conversion rates of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to
      monoethylhexyl phthalate in rats.
AB  - The activities of liver, lung, and kidney of rats of various age groups and that
      of placenta in hydrolyzing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to mono(2-ethylhexyl)
      phthalate have been measured. Male and female rats of 45 d of age, neonatal rats
      within 12 h of parturition, and fetuses and placenta on d 19 of gestation were
      used. The liver was most active in all age groups; however, the lung and the
      kidney also had considerable activity. The tissues of the fetuses and the neonate
      had significant activity. The Km values of the enzyme were 4 mM in the neonatal
      liver and 5.9 mM in the adult liver.

PMID- 4032493
TI  - Effects of diethylhydroxylamine on hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation and
      glutathione S-transferases.
AB  - The effects of diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA), a potent free-radical scavenger, on
      lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes were investigated in vitro. DEHA
      strongly inhibited ascorbate-dependent nonenzymatic microsomal lipid
      peroxidation. DEHA also completely inhibited nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation of
      heat-denatured microsomes, indicating that inhibition is protein-independent.
      DEHA only moderately inhibited NADPH-dependent enzymatic microsomal lipid
      peroxidation. DEHA has been shown to exhibit antitumorogenic properties. However,
      it had no significant effect on hepatic glutathione S-transferase, selenium
      independent glutathione peroxidase, or selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase
      activity in the DEHA-treated CD-1 (lCR) Br male mouse. This suggests that the
      mode of action of DEHA as an antitumorogenic agent may be different from that of
      butylated hydroxyanisole, whose antitumor function is attributed to induction of
      glutathione S-transferase activity.

PMID- 4032494
TI  - Failure of exogenous prostaglandin to afford complete protection against
      acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat.
AB  - The protective effect of 16, 16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 (dm-PGE2) against
      acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity was determined in the rat. The dm-PGE2 was
      administered at two dose levels both before and after acetaminophen
      administration. The hepatotoxicity was evaluated by a rise in serum transaminases
      24 h after acetaminophen administration and by histological examination of liver
      preparations. The urinary acetaminophen and its metabolites were determined by
      high-pressure liquid chromatography. The results suggest that exogenous dm-PGE2
      administration had a modest protection against acetaminophen-induced
      hepatotoxicity, in contrast to its well established cytoprotective effect against
      many noxious agents in the gastrointestinal tract. Prostaglandin treatment had
      little effect on acetaminophen metabolites excretion in the urine, suggesting
      that it did not affect the cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidase drug
      metabolizing enzyme system. The livers from dm-PGE2-acetaminophen-treated rats
      showed less advanced necrosis compared to those from saline-acetaminophen-treated
      rats. Whereas only 2 of 13 rats died in the prostaglandin-treated group, 4 of 13
      rats died in the saline-treated group.

PMID- 4032495
TI  - Thyroid, bradycardic and hypothermic effects of perfluoro-n-decanoic acid in
      rats.
AB  - A single ip injection of perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA) to male Wistar rats
      resulted in an initially rapid, then gradual decrease in food consumption and a
      parallel loss of body weight. Body temperatures and resting heart rates were
      significantly depressed by PFDA treatment. As early as 12 h following a single
      dose of PFDA, serum thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly reduced and remained
      depressed throughout the 8 day study. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) was reduced by
      35% 12 h following PFDA treatment and remained at that level throughout the
      study. These preliminary data suggest that an action on the thyroid axis may be
      an early primary response to PFDA and that some of the observed subsequent
      effects may in part be secondary to the change in thyroid hormone levels.

PMID- 4032496
TI  - Testicular changes in rats after administration of organotin complex.
AB  - Intratesticular administration of di-n-butyltin (o-hydroxyacetophenone S
      methyldithiocarbazate) has been shown to induce marked degenerative changes in
      the testes of adult rats. The possible mechanism of its action is discussed. In
      particular, an atrophy of seminiferous tubules with complete arrest of
      spermatogenesis has been noted.

PMID- 4032497
TI  - Observations on the distribution and movement of cadmium in epithelial cells of
      rat small intestine by light- and electron-microscope radioautography.
AB  - The localization of cadmium in the absorptive cells of the small intestine has
      been studied by light- and electron-microscope radioautography at intervals in
      the first 27 h after intubation of radiocadmium into the stomach of rats. Light
      microscope autoradiographic studies showed that cadmium was taken up very quickly
      by the absorptive cells, and radioactivity in the absorptive layer was
      disseminated over the entire area of the absorptive cells. Electron-microscope
      autoradiography showed that there was no concentration of radioactive cadmium in
      any particular site in the epithelial cells or in the lamina propria. It suggests
      that the transport mechanism of cadmium through the intestine may be nonspecific.
      Radioautographic investigation using radiocadmium may provide useful information
      for cadmium distribution and movement in rat small intestine.

PMID- 4032499
TI  - The genetic effects of the photochemical reaction products of propylene plus NO2
      on cultured Chinese hamster cells exposed in vitro.
AB  - A study was made on the genetic effects of the photochemical reaction products of
      propylene plus NO2 on cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells with the use of sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCE). The photochemical reaction products of propylene plus
      NO2 were produced by photochemical reaction of a propylene-NO2/dry air system in
      a photochemical smog chamber and then were exposed to cell cultures for 2 h. SCEs
      were induced at all concentrations of the photochemical reaction products
      employed in the present study, the frequency of SCEs being two or three times
      higher than that of the controls. The genetic effects of NO2 and ozone (O3) were
      also studied and compared with those of the photochemical reaction products of
      propylene plus NO2. NO2 and O3 both induced SCEs in V79 cells, but their effects
      were weaker than those induced by the photochemical reaction products of
      propylene plus NO2. It was ascertained that the photochemical reaction of the
      propylene-NO2/dry air system produced much stronger genotoxic factors than the
      reactants.

PMID- 4032498
TI  - Reversibility effects on renal and hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes in rats from
      chronic exposure of cadmium.
AB  - The reversibility of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) effects on renal and hepatic
      gluconeogenic enzymes in rats was studied by removal of CdCl2 from the diet.
      Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously treated with 0, 25, 50, and 75
      ppm CdCl2 mixed in powdered diet for 180 d. After this period of chronic
      exposure, all treated rats were kept on CdCl2-free diet for another period of 180
      d. The CdCl2 induced serum glucose and activities of glucose 6-phosphatase,
      fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reversed to
      the levels of control values 120 d after the rats were fed with CdCl2-free diet.
      There were no significant differences in measured enzyme activities either 120 or
      180 d after the cessation of CdCl2 treatment. The data indicate that CdCl2
      effects on gluconeogenesis will gradually recover with time when the metal is
      removed from the diet.

PMID- 4032500
TI  - Lack of carcinogenicity of 8-nitroquinoline on long-term in vivo test in
      hamsters.
AB  - Syrian golden hamsters were administered 8-nitroquinoline, at a concentration of
      0.05%, in a 10% ethanol solution as drinking water for 104 weeks. The animals
      were kept under observation until 112 weeks of age when the experiment was
      terminated. Both control and treated groups developed tumors in a pattern
      indistinguishable from that usually observed in Syrian golden hamsters. Thus the
      result of this experiment indicates that 8-nitroquinoline given orally at a
      concentration of 0.05% is not carcinogenic in Syrian golden hamsters.

PMID- 4032501
TI  - [Chronic toxicity study on difluprednate in dogs].
AB  - The chronic toxicity of a new topical glucocorticoid, difluprednate (DFBA) was
      studied in Beagle dogs. DFBA ointment (0.05%) was percutaneously treated to the
      back of dogs at daily doses of 125, 12.5 and 1.25 micrograms/kg for 6 months. The
      local effects of DFBA In the treated area, thinning of the skin and inhibition of
      the fur-growth were observed with scale and erythema. The skin showed
      histological atrophy of the epidermis, a decrease of the adipose tissue and
      atrophy of the adnexa. These changes returned to normal after the 2-month
      withdrawal period. The systemic effects of DFBA In the 125 micrograms/kg group,
      the following changes were observed, although neither death nor severe symptoms
      occurred: General observations were seen an increase of water intake and urinary
      volume. A decrease of lymphocytes and eosinophils, and an increase of neutrophils
      were observed in the hematological examination. There were high sodium and low
      potassium levels, and an increase of alkaline phosphatase and gamma
      glutamyltranspeptidase activities in the biochemical examination. The organ
      weights showed a decrease of the thymus, adrenals, prostate and ovaries, and an
      increase of the liver and kidney. An atrophy of the lymphatic tissues and adrenal
      cortex, retardation of the sexual maturation, glycogen deposit in the hepatic
      cells, slight degeneration of the renal tubuli, and slight thinning of the
      sternum and non-treated skin were noted in the pathological examination. These
      changes returned to normal after the 2-month withdrawal period. In the 12.5
      micrograms/kg group, the atrophic changes in the thymus, adrenal and non-treated
      skin appeared slight. In the 1.25 micrograms/kg group, no changes were found.
      Conclusively, all the local and systemic changes observed by DFBA in this study
      were due to the already known pharmacological effects of glucocorticoids. It is
      considered that a 12.5 micrograms/kg dosage is similar to a non-effect dose.

PMID- 4032502
TI  - Histological studies on developing chick embryos treated with aminoguanidine
      sulfate.
AB  - Fertile eggs were injected 10 or 20 mg/egg of aminoguanidine sulfate (AGS) into
      the albumen on the 5th day of incubation and examined macroscopically and
      histopathologically. The marked abnormalities were observed in liver, gallbladder
      and spleen while other organs were not different from the control. The earliest
      change was an increase of mitotic cells in the liver which reached to the peak at
      2 days after the AGS injection. The increase of the ratio of cells in metaphase
      was characteristic. Decrease of weight, retardation of the development, fatty
      degeneration, necrosis and increase of connective tissues in the liver were
      followed. The abnormality of gallbladder such as aplasia and hypoplasia was
      observed with high frequency. Spleens of the AGS-treated group were enlarged from
      the 16th day of incubation. The clearest change of spleen was fatty degeneration.

PMID- 4032503
TI  - [Studies on antigenicity of difluprednate--antigenicity of difluprednate,
      phototoxicity and photocontact sensitivity of difluprednate ointment and cream].
AB  - The antigenicity of difluprednate, phototoxicity and photocontact sensitivity of
      difluprednate ointment and cream were studied in guinea pigs and mice. The
      results in this study were as follows. Guinea pigs immunized with difluprednate
      emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant did not exhibit the systemic
      anaphylaxis and the delayed type hypersensitivity by the elicitation with either
      difluprednate alone or difluprednate-BSA conjugate. The antisera obtained from
      these guinea pigs did not show the positive response in the homologous 4-hour PCA
      reaction and the passive hemagglutination test against the challenge of the same
      antigens described above. In the maximization test, guinea pigs immunized with
      difluprednate did not show the contact sensitivity when elicited with
      difluprednate suspended in saline. Guinea pigs applied difluprednate ointment did
      not show positive contact sensitivity by the elicitation with difluprednate
      ointment and ointment base. The antisera obtained from mice immunized with
      difluprednate and difluprednate-OVA conjugate absorbed to Al (OH)3 gel did not
      give the positive response in the 72-hour PCA reaction against the challenge of
      either difluprednte alone or difluprednate-BSA conjugate. In the phototoxicity
      and photocontact sensitivity test, 0.05% difluprednate ointment and 0.05%
      difluprednate cream did not show positive reactions in guinea pigs, although very
      slight erythema was caused by the primary irritancy of cream base, with or
      without irradiation of ultraviolet ray (320-400 nm).

PMID- 4032504
TI  - Penetrating neck trauma: diagnostic studies in the asymptomatic patient.
AB  - The selective management of penetrating neck trauma implies an attempt to
      individualize care and minimize unnecessary surgical exploration. In asymptomatic
      patients, diagnostic studies are performed in an attempt to exclude clinically
      unrecognized injuries. This review of 100 consecutive cases of penetrating neck
      trauma assesses the role of ancillary diagnostic studies in 53 patients
      selectively managed. The diagnostic yield from a combination of angiography,
      fluoro-esophagography, and aerodigestive tract endoscopy was 22.6% (12 of 53).
      However, only five patients (9.4%) actually benefitted from ancillary diagnostic
      studies, in that angiography documented clinically unrecognized injury. In an
      effort to avoid the indiscriminate use of ancillary diagnostic studies, a
      selective management plan based on anatomic zones of injury is provided.

PMID- 4032505
TI  - Hemipelvectomy, a lifesaving operation in severe open pelvic injury in childhood.
AB  - Near-complete traumatic hemipelvectomy probably carries an extremely high
      mortality rate. The usual techniques which have been used to control major
      hemorrhage associated with pelvic fractures such as transperitoneal vascular
      ligation, intra-arterial embolization, and packing are not applicable (14).
      Successful management requires prompt recognition of the nature of this injury so
      that surgical efforts may be directed at resuscitation and expeditious operative
      completion of the traumatic amputation. When this decision is made appropriately,
      the dual goals of control of hemorrhage and prevention of sepsis can be achieved.
      We report the management of a 7-year-old boy who sustained this injury after
      being struck by a tractor-trailer. In spite of massive resuscitation, hemorrhage
      could not be controlled and the child remained in shock. When it was recognized
      that he had sustained an incomplete traumatic left hemipelvectomy, it was
      surgically completed, permitting prompt control of the hemorrhage and restoration
      of hemodynamic stability. Intestinal and urinary diversion allowed an uneventful
      postoperative recovery without significant infection. Although hemipelvectomy
      appears to be a radical procedure in children with major pelvic injuries, it may
      be lifesaving and should therefore be considered in those with severe unilateral
      pelvic injury and uncontrollable hemorrhage. The potential for physical
      rehabilitation in the group of young, mostly male patients who have survived this
      injury appears to be unexpectedly good.

PMID- 4032506
TI  - Prehospital advanced trauma life support for critical penetrating wounds to the
      thorax and abdomen.
AB  - The role of advanced trauma life support (ATLS) in the prehospital care of the
      critically injured is highly controversial. This study analyzes the efficacy of
      ATLS in the management of critical penetrating wounds of the thorax and abdomen.
      In the 2 1/2-year period ending July 1984, 203 consecutive patients underwent
      emergency laparotomy or thoracotomy for gunshot and stab wounds. All patients
      were treated in the field by advanced paramedics (EMT-P). For gunshot wounds the
      mean time (+/- S.E.M.) responding to the scene was 4.5 (+/- 0.29) minutes, on the
      scene 10.1 (+/- 0.41) minutes, and returning to the hospital 6.4 (+/- 0.32)
      minutes. For stab wounds the mean time responding to the scene was 4.8 (+/- 0.21)
      minutes, on the scene 9.5 (+/- 0.37) minutes, and returning to the hospital 5.7
      (+ 0.30) minutes. The number of intravenous lines started averaged 1.8 per
      patient. Eighty-one patients had PASG applied and 28 patients underwent
      endotracheal intubation (21 orally, seven nasally). Thirty-three patients had no
      obtainable blood pressure, of whom six survived (18%). One hundred sixty (94%) of
      the remaining 170 patients who had any initial blood pressure survived. One
      hundred nine (55%) patients had an increase in BP greater than or equal to 10 mm
      Hg (average, 35.6 mm Hg), 64 (32%) had no significant change, and 25 (13%) had a
      fall greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg (average, 24.2 mm Hg) from the field to
      the emergency department. Twenty (80%) of the 25 patients with a fall in blood
      pressure survived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032507
TI  - Extrahepatic biliary tract injury: operative management plan.
AB  - Trauma to the extrahepatic biliary tract is rare but, if overlooked or improperly
      managed, may be associated with significant morbidity. The following is our most
      recent 6-year experience with this unusual injury. Among 949 patients undergoing
      laparotomy for acute trauma, there were 32 (3%) injuries to the gallbladder and
      five (0.5%) to the common bile duct. All patients with gallbladder injury
      underwent abdominal exploration because of associated trauma. Cholecystectomy was
      preferred for 24 (96%) of the 25 with penetrating wounds and three (43%) of the
      seven with blunt trauma. Nine (28%) patients developed postoperative
      complications but none were related to the biliary injury. All common bile duct
      injuries (CBD) were penetrating. Associated intra-abdominal trauma was always
      present. Partial lacerations were closed primarily over a T-tube. An
      intrapancreatic CBD lesion was managed by sphincteroplasty and stented with a T
      tube. The one patient with complete transection underwent choledochoenterostomy.
      Postoperative complications were common (50%) but none were related to the
      biliary injury.

PMID- 4032508
TI  - Long-term followup after traumatic asphyxia.
AB  - Victims of traumatic asphyxia syndrome were studied to determine: mechanism of
      injury, severity of injury, characteristic physical stigmata, treatment, and long
      term disability. Consecutive patients who sustained severe crush injuries with
      traumatic asphyxia in the 5-year period ending November 1984 were reviewed.
      Followup was established by personal examination or questionnaire. Severity of
      injury and disability were assessed by Injury Severity Score and questionnaire,
      respectively. Six patients, ranging in age from 4 to 65 years, were hospitalized
      from 4 to 150 days for traumatic asphyxia. The mechanism of injury in each case
      was severe crush by an object weighing greater than 1,000 pounds. All patients
      had associated injuries, often involving the thorax, and the mean Injury Severity
      Score was 14.5. Severe craniocervical cyanosis with petechiae was present in all
      patients. Four patients had temporary neurologic impairment. Despite severity of
      injury, no long-term disability was detected at an average followup of 4.4 years.
      No long-term survivors demonstrated residual cyanosis, petechiae, swelling, or
      neurologic sequelae. All had returned to work or school.

PMID- 4032509
TI  - Nephrectomy following trauma--impact on patient outcome.
AB  - Nephrectomy for trauma is done infrequently due to the success of renal sparing
      procedures. The purpose of this review was to quantitate the effect of
      nephrectomy on patient outcome. Over a 5-year period 55 of 783 patients had renal
      injuries confirmed at trauma laparotomy. Nephrectomy was performed in 14 (25%) of
      these patients. Thirteen patients had penetrating injuries (12 gunshot wounds,
      one stab wound) and one patient was the victim of blunt trauma. The average
      number of associated injuries was 3.6. Three patients exsanguinated
      intraoperatively. Renal failure (serum creatinine greater than 2.5 mg%) developed
      in four patients; three required hemodialysis. The average time of onset of renal
      dysfunction was 3 weeks, and in every case it was preceded by intra-abdominal
      sepsis. Two patients died, both from multiple organ failure, on postoperative day
      25 and 26, respectively. In the seven patients free of renal failure, one patient
      developed sepsis and subsequently died. Of the eight surviving patients, all had
      adequate renal function as evidenced by an average blood urea nitrogen of 14 mg%,
      serum creatinine of 1.3 mg%, and a creatinine clearance of 77 ml/min. Renal
      failure following nephrectomy for trauma occurs late in the hospital course and
      is invariably preceded by sepsis. Nephrectomy is a marker of severe intra
      abdominal injury, but in itself is not the major determinant of survival.

PMID- 4032510
TI  - Skeletal muscle insulin unresponsiveness during chronic hyperdynamic sepsis in
      the dog.
AB  - Recent reports from our laboratory and others have documented changes in insulin
      unresponsiveness and electrolyte and hormonal changes characteristic of
      hypodynamic shock states in anesthetized animals. Since most acute shock
      protocols do not adequately mimic the clinical profile of sepsis, the present
      study was undertaken to document the hemodynamic and metabolic changes associated
      with chronic hyperdynamic peritonitis in dogs. Mongrel dogs of either sex
      weighing 20 +/- 2 kg were surgically instrumented with an electromagnetic aortic
      flow probe for monitoring cardiac output determinations, and aortic and central
      venous catheters for withdrawing blood for blood pressure and chemical analyses.
      Following a recovery period (7-10 days) control hemodynamic and metabolic
      measurements were made. Sepsis was induced (peritoneal abscess) by implanting a
      4" X 4" gauze sponge, previously inoculated with human fecal bacteria, amid the
      intestines. Experimental (N = 18) and pair-fed control (N = 6) animals were
      monitored daily for 21 days or until death. During the septic protocol, cardiac
      index increased from a control value of 3.4 L/min/m2 to 5.5 L/min/m2 by the end
      of the experimental period. Mean arterial blood pressure, total peripheral
      resistance index, body weight, and plasma Ca++ fell below control values during
      the experimental period. Body temperature, plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and
      Mg++ were all elevated with sepsis. At the end of the chronic experimental
      period, skeletal muscle insulin responsiveness was assessed in the isolated,
      innervated, constantly perfused gracilis muscle preparation. Pair-fed control
      animals responded to various concentrations of local insulin infusion by
      increasing glucose uptake by the gracilis muscle. However, septic animals had a
      blunted response to local insulin infusion resulting in a decrease in the maximum
      dose response effect. These data demonstrate that: chronic, hyperdynamic
      peritonitis in the dog more closely mimics the human clinical profile of sepsis;
      and hyperdynamic sepsis is associated with a state of skeletal muscle insulin
      unresponsiveness which results from a post-receptor defect.

PMID- 4032511
TI  - Trauma myths and magic: 1984 Fitts lecture.

PMID- 4032512
TI  - Cimetidine therapy for burn shock: a quantitative assessment.
AB  - Optimal cardiac output (CO) resuscitation for severely burned guinea pigs is
      obtained with intravenous volumes of lactated Ringer's (LR) calculated at 4
      cc/kg/%burn/24 hr. When one half this volume of LR is given (2 cc/kg/%burn/24 hr)
      CO is significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced at 2, 4, and 8 hours after injury.
      When early postburn cimetidine therapy (0.5 hours after injury) is added to only
      1 cc/kg/%burn/24 hr LR, CO is significantly elevated for the same time periods
      and is not significantly different from CO values of LR at 4 cc/kg/%burn/24 hr
      for the first 24 hours after injury. However, postburn cimetidine therapy delayed
      until 1 hour after burn injury did not improve CO compared to treatment with LR
      at 2 cc/kg/%burn/24 hr. These observations suggest that early postburn cimetidine
      therapy administered within 1/2-hour of severe scald injury will result in
      significant CO improvement while simultaneously reducing resuscitative fluid
      volume requirements by as much as 70% for the first 24 hours after injury.

PMID- 4032513
TI  - The management of arterial injuries caused by penetration of zone III of the
      neck.
AB  - Penetrating trauma of the neck has been divided into three anatomic locations.
      Zone III, the subject of this paper, is defined as the area between the base of
      the skull and the lower border of the mandible. Management of these injuries
      remains problematic. Clinical assessment may be misleading, exploration may
      damage surrounding neurovascular structures, and injuries may go undetected. This
      has led us and others to advocate mandatory angiography before any surgical
      exploration. This report reviews 46 patients with Zone III injuries with respect
      to types of injuries, therapy and outcome. Angiography was normal in 22 patients
      who were treated conservatively with no complications. The remaining 24 patients
      sustained 39 arterial injuries diagnosed by contrast studies. Eighteen internal
      carotid injuries were identified in 16 patients. At operation ligation was
      performed in four patients and revascularization in two patients. One of the
      repairs subsequently thrombosed. Ten patients were managed nonoperatively by
      observation (seven patients) or angiographic embolization (three patients).
      Catheter embolization of the external carotid or its branches was performed to
      control bleeding (eight vessels) or close arteriovenous fistulas (two patients).
      Seven nonbleeding external vessels were successfully managed by observation. Two
      vertebral artery injuries were diagnosed. One required proximal embolization and
      distal ligation via occipital craniectomy to control a fistula between the
      vertebral artery and the jugular vein. Overall mortality was 8.6%. Three of the
      four deaths were in patients with neurologic deficit on admission. Another died
      of respiratory arrest. An air embolism resulting in hemiparesis was the only
      complication of the angiographic studies. We conclude that angiography is
      essential in Zone III neck wounds. It facilitates triage decisions and, combined
      with transcatheter embolization, enables the majority of these injuries to be
      managed without surgical exploration.

PMID- 4032514
TI  - Catheter aspiration for simple pneumothorax (CASP) in the outpatient management
      of simple traumatic pneumothorax.
AB  - Catheter aspiration for simple pneumothorax (CASP) was evaluated prospectively in
      the outpatient management of simple traumatic pneumothorax in 17 patients and
      compared to conventional tube thoracostomy (CTT) in 17 matched control patients.
      In 16 of the 17 consecutive study patients CASP maintained lung reexpansion
      without complications. Pneumothorax was due to needle puncture for drug abuse in
      11 patients, stab wounds in five patients, and blunt trauma in one patient. The
      CASP patients were not hospitalized, whereas the control CTT patients averaged
      4.9 days' hospitalization. CTT was associated with complications in two patients
      versus none for CASP. Parenteral analgesics were utilized for greater than 48
      hours in CTT patients but were not needed for CASP patients. Costs averaged +310
      for CASP compared to +3,030 for CTT. This ongoing pilot study data indicates that
      CASP is a reasonable alternative to CTT in selected patients with simple
      traumatic pneumothorax.

PMID- 4032515
TI  - The value of hepatobiliary scanning in complex liver trauma.
AB  - To evaluate the use of biliary scintigraphy with 99m Tc-dimethyl analogs (HIDA)
      in traumatic liver injuries, a group of 26 patients with penetrating and blunt
      liver injuries were studied. The results indicate that HIDA scanning is an
      effective noninvasive method of evaluating the hepatobiliary tree in the post
      traumatic setting. The HIDA scan is a sensitive tool for studying the hepatic
      parenchyma and the presence or absence of bile leaks. Its evaluation of the
      extrahepatic biliary ductal system is not specific and should be assessed with
      further studies. Gallbladder nonvisualization by HIDA scans in this setting
      cannot be presumed to be secondary to acute cholecystitis and should be
      interpreted with extreme caution.

PMID- 4032516
TI  - Renal pedicle injury in patients with multiple injuries.
AB  - In a study of 41 patients seen over 24 years, renal pedicle injuries were
      associated with life-threatening multiple system injuries and the immediate
      surgical management of these associated injuries by general surgeons took
      precedence over that of the renal pedicle injury. The result was the delayed
      diagnosis of the renal pedicle injury with loss of function of the kidney. In an
      effort to improve the renal salvage rate aggressive management of renal pedicle
      injuries with immediate radiologic evaluation and early surgical treatment was
      instituted in 1969. The records of 41 renal pedicle injuries from 1959 to 1983
      were evaluated. Blunt external trauma was the cause in 76%. All 41 patients had
      multiple system injuries, averaging 3.7 associated injuries per patient, with 35
      (85%) having a laparotomy for intra-abdominal injuries and an overall mortality
      rate of 44%. Conservative management was followed in 13 patients, with injury to
      the renal artery in nine and a branch of the renal artery in four, with a renal
      loss/delayed nephrectomy rate of nine of nine (100%) renal artery injuries.
      Immediate surgical management was performed in 23 patients, with injury to the
      renal artery in nine, the renal artery and renal vein in four, a branch of the
      renal artery in two, and the renal vein in eight, with a renal salvage rate of
      seven of 21 (33%) renal artery and/or vein injuries. Five patients died on
      admission or on the operating room table. A significant renal salvage rate
      resulted from immediate radiologic evaluation and early surgical treatment of
      renal artery/vein injuries compared to zero salvage rate with conservative
      management.

PMID- 4032517
TI  - Microsurgical replantation of the scalp.
AB  - Our 7-year experience with seven patients who had suffered avulsion of 30% or
      more of the scalp is reviewed. Six of the seven, who were candidates for
      microsurgical replantation, underwent successful replantation with 100% survival
      in five, and 50% survival in one. All had luxuriant regrowth of hair. The
      mechanisms of injury, emergency management, indications, and operative techniques
      are discussed. The role of interpositional vein grafts, and choice of vessels in
      contributing to this success is emphasized. The superiority of replantation over
      other methods of reconstruction of major scalp defects is demonstrated.

PMID- 4032518
TI  - Impalement injuries.
AB  - Impalement injuries are unusual, complex surgical problems. We present a case of
      impalement through the spine and abdomen, describe a two-team approach to
      operative extraction utilizing simultaneous laminectomy and laparotomy incisions,
      and outline the management of an infectious complication caused by unusual
      bacterial and fungal pathogens. General principles of management include: the
      impaling object must be stabilized and manipulation avoided during extrication
      and transport. Operative removal requires careful preplanning, and should be
      tailored to the specific presenting injuries, with early multispecialty
      involvement as necessary. Extensive exposure is mandatory and may be achieved
      through a variety of standard or unconventional incisions so as to permit
      extraction of the impaled object under direct vision. Meticulous care of the
      traumatic wound is necessary, and careful followup is required for recognition
      and early management of infectious complications.

PMID- 4032519
TI  - Evaluation of a health education programme in Tayba Qurashi Village, Central
      Sudan during 1983.
AB  - Schistosomiasis, diarrhoeal disease and malaria are spread by improper use of
      water. The influence of health education on the behaviour of women, who spend
      their time in the houses and are responsible for their children, was studied in
      regard to the use of water in Tayba Village in central Sudan. Seventy per cent of
      the women were illiterate. The education campaign improved understanding of how
      bilharzia is acquired and how to protect against it. Understanding of how
      diarrhoea occurs and how to prevent diarrhoea and malaria also increased.
      Progress was made towards keeping food correctly, in cleanliness of water jars
      and houses, and in disposal of garbage. The need for cleanliness of latrines and
      removal of stagnant water was emphasized.

PMID- 4032520
TI  - Control of schistosomiasis in the new Rahad Irrigation Scheme of Central Sudan.
AB  - As the new Rahad Irrigation Scheme in Central Sudan began its first agricultural
      season in 1978, the Blue Nile Health Project was being developed to prevent
      schistosomiasis and other water-associated diseases in the Rahad and Gezira
      Managil schemes. Taken as an indication of overall transmission in the Rahad
      scheme, the prevalence of infection among children in the newly established
      schools was found initially to be 14% for Schistosoma mansoni and 1% for
      Schistosoma haematobium in 1980. In the older Gezira-Managil irrigation system
      nearby, where transmission had not been controlled there was also little S.
      haematobium but the prevalence of S. mansoni in school-aged children was rising
      above 70%. To avoid a similar future in the Rahad scheme an integrated control
      strategy was implemented in 1980 using chemotherapy and snail control, supported
      by safe water supplies in every village. Under this strategy the prevalence of S.
      mansoni in the schoolchildren was reduced below 10% by 1983 at an annual cost of
      less than $4 per capita, about $300 per square kilometer. S. haematobium remained
      at 1% in the schoolchildren in 1983. The major cost was for village water
      supplies with about 20% of the total going for snail control and 10% or less for
      chemotherapy. Over a third of the cost was for equipment and supplies purchased
      abroad, requiring hard currency. Economically feasible prevention of transmission
      in the long-term will require reduction of the annual cost to about $1 per
      capita. Cost reductions should be made primarily in operation and maintenance of
      the water supply systems and in snail control.

PMID- 4032521
TI  - Protection of Sudanese irrigation workers from schistosome infections by a shift
      to earlier working hours.
AB  - Although schistosomiasis is an important occupational hazard for irrigation
      workers in Central Sudan, few measures have been found to protect them, short of
      abandoning the work. In an attempt to reduce their exposure to the large numbers
      of schistosome cercariae encountered in the water at midday, a group of Gezira
      canal cleaners were shifted to early morning working hours after being cured of
      their infections. They left the water each day at 10.00 hours, working from the
      canal banks thereafter. At the end of 6 months the prevalence of infections with
      Schistosoma mansoni was much lower in this group than in a similarly treated
      group with normal working schedules, indicating a practical way to protect
      irrigation and agricultural labourers.

PMID- 4032522
TI  - The lungfish Protopterus annectans (Owen) as a biocontrol agent against
      schistosome vector snails.
AB  - Laboratory and small-scale field experiments have been carried out to study the
      malacophagous capabilities of the lungfish Protopterus annectans. When individual
      fish were offered a range of aquatic fauna in aquaria in the laboratory only
      snails and dragonfly larvae were consumed. When offered a choice, the fish
      appeared to prefer snails, with larger individuals (up to 300 mm) capable of
      consuming up to 200 snails per day. The introduction of five P. annectans into a
      small concrete pond (diameter 5 m) with an established fauna and flora resulted
      in a reduction in the snail population of over 90% within 2 weeks. This reduction
      was maintained over a 4-month observation period suggesting that in habitats in
      which the lungfish can survive, there is a possibility of significant snail
      control.

PMID- 4032523
TI  - Survival, growth and reproduction of the imported ampullarid snail Marisa
      cornuarietis in Central Sudan.
AB  - The ampullarid snail Marisa cornuarietis was imported to the Sudan in 1981 for
      evaluation as a biological control agent against the planorbid snails which
      transmit human schistosomes. In initial field studies in small protected ponds
      the generation time of M. cornuarietis was 4 months, as in Puerto Rico. The
      snails reached 4 cm in diameter after 1 year, compared to 3 cm in Puerto Rico.
      Their population density varied from 60 to 175 snails per metre of shore-line,
      compared to a similar pond in Puerto Rico where the stable density was about 115
      snails per metre. The proportion surviving after 1 year was 0.03, less than the
      annual proportion surviving of 0.10 in Puerto Rico. Thus the preliminary results
      indicated that the ampullarid snails could establish strong populations in
      permanent habitats in central Sudan where there was adequate food, although it
      might take longer than it does in Puerto Rico.

PMID- 4032524
TI  - Estimated risks and benefits from introducing Marisa cornuarietis into the Sudan.
AB  - As it has been proposed that Marisa cornuarietis, the ampullarid snail from the
      tropical Americas be used in the Sudan as a biological control agent against
      schistosomiasis, an estimate was made of the potential ecological hazards which
      might result from its widespread distribution in the Nile River Valley, and also
      of the potential benefits. The only foreseeable hazard would result from
      colonization of rice fields by the ampullarid snail and subsequent crop damage.
      However calculations on population dynamics indicated that Marisa cornuarietis
      would not be able to establish significant populations in rice fields in the Nile
      Valley as the flooded periods are too short. Thus the expected benefits of
      schistosomiasis control far outweigh any expected risks, and the ampullarid
      should be used in expanded field trials in the Gezira Irrigated Area as a control
      method for schistosomiasis.

PMID- 4032525
TI  - Malaria control in the Gezira-Managil Irrigated Scheme of the Sudan.
AB  - The development of malaria control in the Gezira-Managil Irrigated Scheme of
      Central Sudan has gone through several phases. As a result of agricultural and
      irrigation practices in the Gezira, falciparum malaria transmission became
      perennial instead of seasonal and the mosquito vector developed resistance to
      several insecticides. Subsequent failure to maintain control led to serious
      epidemics after 1971. By 1975 malaria was again put under control through an
      annual round of house spraying with malathion from 1975 to 1980, and with
      fenitrothion since 1981. A proposal is outlined for a rational strategy for
      malaria control in the future.

PMID- 4032526
TI  - The impact of the exotic fish Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard) on some natural
      predators of immature mosquitoes.
AB  - The effects of Gambusia affinis on some suspected predators of mosquitoes were
      studied for a period of 12 months. A list of such predators was given. The most
      abundant invertebrate predators were Odonata, followed by Hemiptera and
      Ephemeroptera and the least common were Coleoptera. The population density of
      mosquito predators, with exception of Notonectidae and the fish Oreochromis
      niloticus, was markedly reduced in the presence of G. affinis. Application of
      aerial pesticides reduced the population of both G. affinis and O. niloticus
      fish. However it had no effect on the numbers of all invertebrate predators.

PMID- 4032527
TI  - The Blue Nile Health Project. A comprehensive approach to the prevention and
      control of water-associated diseases in irrigated schemes of the Sudan.

PMID- 4032528
TI  - Health, disease and water resources development.

PMID- 4032529
TI  - The Blue Nile Health Project: a comprehensive approach to the prevention and
      control of water-associated diseases in irrigated schemes of the Sudan.
AB  - This is a general report on the Blue Nile Health Project in the Sudan. The
      project was initiated in 1979 to develop better strategies for controlling the
      major water-associated diseases in tropical irrigation schemes. The 10-year
      programme will cost about $154 million (1978 prices). The Gezira, Managil and
      Rahad irrigation systems, all irrigated from the Blue Nile River, were selected
      for the project area as typical of irrigation systems throughout Africa and the
      Middle East where malaria, diarrhoeal diseases and schistosomiasis are endemic,
      and as the areas most urgently in need of disease control in the Sudan. The
      methods used for control of the water-associated diseases emphasize permanent
      improvements in water supply and sanitation, in environmental and agricultural
      practices, in health education, community participation and primary health
      services, and a reduction in dependence on pesticides and drugs.

PMID- 4032530
TI  - Focality and seasonality of Schistosoma mansoni transmission in the Gezira
      Irrigated Area, Sudan.
AB  - In the Gezira Irrigated Area of Central Sudan, transmission of Schistosoma
      mansoni was shown to be geographically focal, being concentrated near villages
      and small settlements. In a study during 1981 and 1982 of the entire area around
      a typical Gezira village almost 90% of the Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails carrying
      schistosome infections were found in one minor canal near the village. Sites near
      smaller settlements some distance from the minor canals yielded few infected
      snails. The factors which influenced the prevalence of infection in the snails
      were temperature, turbidity and human contact with the snail habitat. A strategy
      was proposed for control of Schistosoma transmission through focal and seasonal
      mollusciciding, health education, chemotherapy, improved water supply and latrine
      distribution.

PMID- 4032532
TI  - Snails and aquatic vegetation in Gezira irrigation canals.
AB  - All 38 minor canals in a limited area of the Gezira Irrigated Area were surveyed
      four times over a 2-year period to determine the aquatic and semi-aquatic
      vegetation types found and their distribution. A more detailed 2-year study of
      the correlation between snail density and aquatic vegetation was carried out in
      18 of these canals. A total of 22 different species of weed were recorded, with
      floating and submerged weeds being more widespread and dense in the clear, slow
      moving water at the end of the irrigation season in March/April, than in the
      turbid flood waters in October. The schistosome vector snails Biomphalaria
      pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus were found in conjunction with aquatic weeds and
      B. pfeifferi in particular increased in numbers as weed growth continued. In the
      second season of the study when mechanical weed clearing and regular focal
      mollusciciding was being carried out there was a noticeable reduction in weed
      density but repopulation was rapid. Snail numbers were reduced by mollusciciding
      and/or weed clearance in four canals, but outside the focal target canal
      stretches the weed clearance alone did not substantially reduce the snail
      populations.

PMID- 4032531
TI  - Transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in North Gezira, Sudan.
AB  - During this 14-month study, 128 765 Bulinus truncatus snails were collected from
      canals located near four villages in the northern part of the Gezira Irrigated
      Area, and were examined for patent trematode infections, by exposure to light. In
      all, 903 shedded cercariae, of which 424 were identified as S. haematobium, and
      one village, Bashagra, was the source of 80% of these S. haematobium infections.
      The highest density of snails occurred from March to May and the peak of snail
      infections occurred from June through August. The residents of the four villages
      and any adjacent small camps were examined for infection with S. mansoni and/or
      S. haematobium by collecting and examining stool and urine samples. The overall
      prevalences were 50% for S. mansoni and 20% for S. haematobium. The age
      prevalence curves were very different, with the prevalence of S. haematobium
      falling off more sharply in the over-20 age groups than was the case with S.
      mansoni. Observations at the human water contact sites suggested that the
      transmission of S. haematobium was increased when the canals contained shallow
      stagnant water, when the temperature was above 26 degrees C, and when the site
      was frequented by small children (particularly boys aged 5-15), for swimming. Our
      data suggest that at any site the transmission period is short and seasonal.

PMID- 4032533
TI  - Domestic and wild animals naturally infected with Schistosoma mansoni in the
      Gezira Irrigated Scheme, Sudan.
AB  - Domestic and wild animals were examined for natural infection with human
      schistosomiasis in Northern Gezira, Sudan. Postmortem examination of animals in a
      number of slaughterhouses revealed no infections in either sheep or goats but
      Schistosoma mansoni worms were found in two of the 98 cattle examined. Nile rats
      (Arvicanthus niloticus) were trapped and stray dogs were shot and examined for
      evidence of schistosome infection. The infection rate in Nile rats was 4.9%
      (8/164) and in dogs 27.3% (15/55) but whereas viable eggs were found in the
      excreta and tissues of the rats no eggs could be found in dog faeces. In the
      laboratory nine puppies were each exposed to 10 000 cercariae but there was no
      evidence that the infection had taken. It is concluded that A. niloticus, present
      in large numbers and often found in or near the canals, may be involved in S.
      mansoni transmission and could act as reservoir hosts, but that dogs are probably
      infected only in exceptional situations and are unlikely to play a major role in
      S. mansoni transmission.

PMID- 4032534
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni (Gezira) infection in Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails from
      Gezira and Jebel Marra.
AB  - The comparative susceptibility of Biomphalaria snails from Gezira and Jebel Marra
      to S. mansoni (Gezira) was investigated. Groups of laboratory-bred snails from
      the two localities were exposed to 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 miracidia. The growth rate of
      the snails was followed over the experimental period by measuring the snails'
      shell size. Sub-groups of infected snails were examined for daughter sporocyst
      counts by crushing of the snails. Other groups of exposed snails were maintained
      until cercariae were shed. The exposed snails grew faster than the controls and
      growth was not dependent on the number of infecting miracidia. Jebel Marra snails
      grew faster than the Gezira snails and development of the daughter sporocysts
      within the snails was temperature dependent. Daughter sporocysts were first found
      on day 19 after exposure when the laboratory temperature ranged between 18 and 25
      degrees C and on day 10 at a range of between 28 and 30 degrees C. Daughter
      sporocysts and cercarial counts overlapped in numbers per snail exposed to 1, 2,
      3 and 4 miracidia for both Gezira and Jebel Marra snails. Nine out of 78 Jebel
      Marra snails were negative for daughter sporocysts, while all of the Gezira
      snails were positive. This might indicate greater susceptibility of the Jebel
      Marra snails to the parasite. Our experiments showed that snails from Jebel Marra
      are capable of supporting an S. mansoni infection from the Gezira until cercariae
      are shed. The epidemiological significance of the migrant labourers to the Gezira
      area in the transmission and spread of intestinal schistosomiasis in Jebel Marra
      is discussed.

PMID- 4032535
TI  - Influenza C virus RNA 7 codes for a nonstructural protein.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of RNA segment 7 of influenza C/California/78
      virus was determined by using cloned cDNA derived from viral RNA. The gene is 934
      nucleotides long and possesses a long open reading frame which can code for a
      protein of 286 amino acids. Hybrid arrest translation experiments with the cloned
      cDNA fragment and poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from virus-infected cells
      showed that a 28,500-molecular-weight protein is coded for by RNA 7. Comparison
      of the proteins induced in the cell-free system and in virus-infected cells with
      those found in purified virus suggests that the 28,500-molecular-weight protein
      is a nonstructural protein.

PMID- 4032536
TI  - Expression of Sindbis virus structural proteins via recombinant vaccinia virus:
      synthesis, processing, and incorporation into mature Sindbis virions.
AB  - We have obtained a vaccinia virus recombinant which contains a complete cDNA copy
      of the 26S RNA of Sindbis virus within the thymidine kinase gene of the vaccinia
      virus genome. This recombinant constitutively transcribed the Sindbis sequences
      throughout the infectious cycle, reflecting the dual early-late vaccinia promoter
      used in this construction. The Sindbis-derived transcripts were translationally
      active, giving rise to both precursor and mature structural proteins of Sindbis
      virus, including the capsid protein (C), the precursor of glycoprotein E2 (PE2),
      and the two mature envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2). These are the same
      products translated from the 26S mRNA during Sindbis infection, and thus these
      proteins were apparently cleaved, glycosylated, and transported in a manner
      analogous to that seen during authentic Sindbis infections. By using epitope
      specific antibodies, it was possible to demonstrate that recombinant-derived
      proteins were incorporated into Sindbis virions during coinfections with
      monoclonal antibody-resistant Sindbis variants. These results suggest that all
      the information necessary to specify the proper biogenesis of Sindbis virus
      structural proteins resides within the 26S sequences and that vaccinia may
      provide an appropriate system for using DNA molecular genetic manipulations to
      unravel a variety of questions pertinent to RNA virus replication.

PMID- 4032537
TI  - Adenovirus early region 4 encodes functions required for efficient DNA
      replication, late gene expression, and host cell shutoff.
AB  - To delineate the function of adenovirus early region 4 (E4) gene products, we
      constructed a set of mutant viruses which carry defined lesions within this
      coding region. Deletion and insertion mutations within six of seven known E4
      coding regions had no measurable effect on virus growth in cultured cells. A
      variant carrying a deletion within the last coding region (encoding a 34,000
      molecular-weight polypeptide) was modestly defective, and a mutant lacking the
      majority of the E4 region was severely defective for growth. The phenotypes of
      the two defective mutants are similar and complex. Both display perturbations in
      DNA replication, translation of the E2A mRNA, accumulation of late viral mRNAs,
      and host cell shutoff.

PMID- 4032538
TI  - Genetic mapping of endogenous RD-114 retroviral sequences of domestic cats.
AB  - The RD-114 family of endogenous retroviral sequences in domestic cats has been
      shown to consist of approximately 20 copies of genetically divergent virogenes
      per haploid genome. The chromosomal localization for four endogenous sequences
      (RDV1-4) was accomplished by correlating the occurrence of specific feline
      chromosomes with diagnostic viral DNA fragments in a panel of cat X rodent
      somatic cell hybrids. Analysis of the hybrid panel revealed that endogenous RD
      114 sequences are dispersed on multiple cat chromosomes, that certain proviral
      segments are polymorphic with respect to the presence or absence of virus, and
      that a restriction fragment characteristic of inducible RD-114 resides on a
      single feline chromosome (B3), probably at a single locus.

PMID- 4032539
TI  - Validation of the tumor, nodes and metastasis classification of renal cell
      carcinoma.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 252 patients with renal cell carcinoma was performed
      with the tumor, nodes and metastasis system of cancer staging. Each patient
      received a clinical and a pathological classification. Patient survival was
      calculated for each pT stage. All patients with stage pT1 disease (100 per cent)
      were alive at 5 years, as were 91 per cent of those with stage pT2 tumors. Higher
      T stages showed poorer survival; 58 per cent of the patients with stage pT3 and
      only 25 per cent with stage pT4 tumors were alive at 5 years. Invasion into the
      inferior vena cava (pT3c) had an adverse effect on survival, which was
      statistically significant compared to patients in the pT3a and pT3b subgroups.
      The type of surgical procedure performed had no influence on ultimate survival,
      nor did the use of adjuvant radiation therapy. The tumor, nodes and metastasis
      system clearly documents that the survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma
      depends on the local extent of the primary tumor, determined at the time of
      surgical exploration.

PMID- 4032540
TI  - Sexual function and female radical cystectomy: a case series.
AB  - We interviewed 9 sexually active women about sexual function before and after
      radical cystectomy. Of the women 6 also had received preoperative irradiation.
      Seven women resumed sexual activity. All subjects experienced dyspareunia on
      initial attempts but 6 had overcome the pain at followup 6 to 37 months
      postoperatively. These women were coitally orgasmic and reported no decrease in
      pleasure or change in the type of sexual stimulation required to produce orgasm.
      The results provide knowledge about the physiology of female orgasm and a basis
      for counseling patients.

PMID- 4032541
TI  - The management of strictures of the membranous urethra.
AB  - We present 40 cases of posterior urethral stricture resulting from pelvic
      fracture injury or prostatectomy. The strictures were managed according to
      various factors but most important were stricture length and the absence of
      pathological conditions in the anterior urethra. Post-traumatic obliterative
      strictures less than 2 cm. long can be managed with excellent success via a 1
      stage perineal bulboprostatic anastomotic repair. Combined abdominoperineal
      procedures are equally successful but are reserved for patients in whom the
      stricture is more than 2 cm. long or who have an associated bladder neck
      pathological condition. When associated anterior urethral disease mitigates
      against mobilization and extension of the urethra to accomplish an anastomotic
      repair, the vascularized island flap or 2-stage scrotal inlay procedure appears
      to be the optimal choice. Of 3 failures with full thickness skin grafts 2 may
      have been owing to suboptimal graft beds in the scarred pelvic floor and
      perineum. Direct vision urethrotomy is advocated for nonobliterative
      posttraumatic strictures, and the rationale for dilation rather than
      urethroplasty management of postprostatectomy strictures is presented.

PMID- 4032542
TI  - One-stage penile/preputial island flap urethroplasty for urethral stricture.
AB  - A 1-stage urethroplasty for urethral stricture with a vascularized island of
      distal penile or preputial skin, which is relatively hairless, is described. The
      results of 27 patients treated since August 1981 are reviewed.

PMID- 4032543
TI  - Management of urinary incontinence in women with the artificial urinary
      sphincter.
AB  - This study concerns 39 women who underwent implantation of the artificial urinary
      sphincter for severe, persistent urinary incontinence following surgical
      correction of the anatomical deformity. The cause of incontinence was poor or
      absent function of the urethral sphincteric mechanism. The success rate in this
      series with the artificial urinary sphincter was 92 per cent. The condition of
      the tissues in the cuff area is crucial for success of the procedure. Some
      technical considerations of the procedure are discussed.

PMID- 4032544
TI  - Testicular torsion: Nigerian experience.
AB  - The records of 80 patients at this institution diagnosed as having testicular
      torsion during a 5-year period were examined to establish the characteristics and
      peculiarities, if any, of the disease in Nigeria. There were 74 suitable cases.
      Similar symptoms and physical signs were identified in Nigeria as have occurred
      elsewhere. However, contrary to reports from Europe and America the majority (57
      per cent) of the patients with testicular torsion in this study were 20 or more
      years old. Also, torsion occurred significantly more often (9 per cent) in men 30
      or more years old than has been reported in other areas. Only 5 per cent of the
      patients were less than 10 years old. There is no ready explanation why
      testicular torsion becomes manifest during adulthood in Nigeria. The testes were
      explored in 73 cases. Of the testes 25 per cent could not be salvaged because of
      infarction with acute torsion. However, the immediate testicular salvage rate of
      75 per cent does not necessarily ensure long-term normal exocrine and endocrine
      testicular function.

PMID- 4032545
TI  - A late post-vasectomy syndrome.
AB  - A group of 20 surgical specimens in 18 patients with a previously unappreciated
      syndrome of unremitting epididymal pain and induration 5 to 7 years after
      vasectomy was collected during a 2-year interval. These symptoms uniformly were
      unresponsive to conservative measures, including empiric antibiotics. Total
      unilateral or bilateral epididymectomy and partial vasectomy led to complete
      relief of symptoms, usually within 24 hours. Pathological examination of the
      specimens revealed features consistent with sequelae of long-standing
      obstruction. Recognition of this late post-vasectomy syndrome, which represents a
      major complication of vasectomy, might be expected to increase as cohorts of
      vasectomized individuals age.

PMID- 4032546
TI  - Endocrine therapy for bladder outlet obstruction from carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - The optimum treatment of bladder outlet obstruction from prostatic cancer is
      controversial. Although transurethral resection of the prostate may provide
      immediate relief of the obstruction, there are attendant surgical and anesthetic
      risks, as well as accumulating clinical evidence to suggest that transurethral
      resection of the prostate may cause tumor dissemination and diminish patient
      survival. Orchiectomy, which can be performed safely with local anesthesia,
      provides definitive endocrine therapy and has been used at our institution in
      preference to transurethral resection to relieve bladder outlet obstruction from
      carcinoma of the prostate. There were 35 patients between 51 and 96 years old in
      urinary retention from carcinoma of the prostate. Patients were treated with
      orchiectomy and suprapubic or urethral catheter drainage, and subsequently were
      given voiding trials. If a patient failed to void satisfactorily within 60 days
      transurethral resection of the prostate was performed. Over-all, 24 of 35
      patients (68.6 per cent) were relieved of bladder outlet obstruction by
      orchiectomy alone. Neither tumor stage nor grade correlated significantly with
      the response to orchiectomy. We conclude that transurethral resection of the
      prostate may be held in reserve for patients who do not respond to endocrine
      therapy or those who do not wish to risk sexual impotence.

PMID- 4032547
TI  - Urolithiasis and race: another viewpoint.
AB  - We describe 193 consecutive individuals with documented urolithiasis in a
      military population. In contrast to other reports, the prevalence of stone
      disease was nearly identical in white-and black patients. This unique black
      population refutes the concept that urinary calculi are rare in blacks.

PMID- 4032548
TI  - Matrix glycosaminoglycan in urinary stones.
AB  - At first, urinary stones were classified according to their inorganic components
      (apatite, struvite, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate and
      uric acid). Then, matrix glycosaminoglycan was extracted from the stones in each
      group and was analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis. There were differences
      in the glycosaminoglycan content of matrices among different groups of urinary
      stones. The principal matrix glycosaminoglycan content consisted of hyaluronic
      acid in apatite and struvite stones, heparan sulfate in calcium oxalate
      monohydrate and uric acid stones, and hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate in
      calcium oxalate dihydrate stones. We conclude that hyaluronic acid and/or heparan
      sulfate has an important role in urinary stone formation.

PMID- 4032549
TI  - Short-term versus prolonged systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in patients treated
      with indwelling catheters.
AB  - Newly hospitalized patients with stroke treated by indwelling catheters were
      assigned randomly to 3 treatment groups. Group 1 (24 patients) received 3 gm.
      ampicillin intramuscularly in divided doses 1 hour before, at the time of and 6
      hours after insertion of the catheter. Group 2 (28 patients) received daily 1 gm.
      ampicillin intramuscularly every 8 hours. Group 3 (26 patients) was not subjected
      to any antimicrobial prophylaxis. Within 1 week after catheter insertion
      significant bacteriuria developed in 12.5 per cent of the patients in group 1,
      42.8 per cent in group 2 and 45.1 per cent in group 3. The difference in the
      incidence between group 1 and either group 2 or 3 was statistically significant
      (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.01, respectively). The mean number of strains
      (plus or minus standard error of mean) isolated per case of bacteriuria in group
      3 (1.25 plus or minus 0.18) was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) and
      antimicrobial resistant strains were fewer (4 of 15) than in group 2 (1.75 plus
      or minus 0.13 and 12 of 21, respectively).

PMID- 4032550
TI  - The new ALR long cystoresectoscope system.
AB  - A new long cystoresectoscope system recently has become available. This
      instrument has the distinct advantage of allowing cystoscopy and endoscopic
      surgery of the lower urinary tract in men with an unusually long urethra, or a
      semirigid or intracorporeal inflatable prosthesis.

PMID- 4032551
TI  - Long-term followup of renal function after spinal cord injury.
AB  - Effective renal plasma flow was measured in acute spinal cord injury patients for
      up to 10 years after injury to determine the extent of renal deterioration in
      these patients and to identify the factors associated with a loss of renal
      function. The over-all mean decrease in effective renal plasma flow for all
      patients as a whole was 4.5 ml. per year. Factors associated with a statistically
      significant reduction in effective renal plasma flow included age, gender, renal
      calculi, quadriplegia, and a history of chills and fever. Other factors examined
      but not found to be statistically significant included years since injury,
      presence of severe decubiti, bladder calculi, bacteriuria and extent of injury.
      This study suggests that renal function usually can be preserved in spinal cord
      injury patients if the treatable risk factors are managed properly.

PMID- 4032552
TI  - Cutaneous ureterostomy in children--long-term followup.
AB  - From 1963 to 1983, 45 children with benign disease underwent urinary diversion
      with cutaneous ureterostomy. Patient selection for cutaneous ureterostomy was
      predicted on the presence of at least 1 dilated ureter. Followup ranged from 4
      months to 20 years, with a mean of 7.9 years. Of the patients 29 (64 per cent)
      had a minimum followup of 5 years and 18 (40 per cent) were followed for more
      than 10 years. Postoperative complications, results of followup excretory
      urography and the ultimate fate of these children were analyzed. The results
      demonstrate the usefulness of cutaneous ureterostomy as a permanent form of
      urinary diversion in selected children.

PMID- 4032553
TI  - Characteristics of the male genitalia in the newborn: penis.
AB  - During a 2-month period all male newborns were examined prospectively to
      determine the normal characteristics of the penis. Of the 274 neonates examined 3
      were excluded because of hypospadias with chordee. The spontaneous direction of
      the shaft was in the midline in 76.8 per cent, to the left side in 15.5 per cent
      and to the right side in 7.7 per cent. Partial absence of the prepuce was
      observed in 10 per cent of the patients, while an unretractable foreskin was seen
      in 23.2 per cent. The mean meatal aperture was 2.6 plus or minus 0.8 mm.
      Deviation of the median raphe was present in 10 per cent of the newborns and was
      associated with deviation of the meatus in 2.2 per cent. Mild torsion of the
      penis was noted in 1.5 per cent, while isolated torsion of 90 degrees was seen in
      0.7 per cent of the patients. Early diagnosis and followup of these newborns
      might be helpful in determining further treatment.

PMID- 4032554
TI  - Nephro-duodenal fistula: a complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
AB  - We report a case of a nephro-duodenal fistula complicating percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy that was managed conservatively. The patient was discharged from
      the hospital 14 days postoperatively, free of stone and doing well. The etiology
      and treatment of this problem are discussed.

PMID- 4032555
TI  - Durable response of a carcinoma in situ of the renal pelvis to topical bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin.
AB  - The first long-term remission of high grade, flat carcinoma in situ of the renal
      pelvis treated with topical bacillus Calmette-Guerin is presented.

PMID- 4032556
TI  - Ureteral triplication, contralateral duplication and bilateral extravesical
      ectopic ureter.
AB  - A case of ureteral triplication associated with contralateral ureteral
      duplication and bilateral extravesical ectopic ureter is reported. The child
      presented with urinary incontinence. The incidence, classification and embryology
      of triplication are reviewed.

PMID- 4032557
TI  - Vesical endometriosis: a review and 2 case reports.
AB  - Vesical endometriosis is uncommon and can result in months or years of morbidity
      if undetected. We report 2 cases that demonstrate that increased awareness of
      this entity and expeditious use of appropriate diagnostic techniques can lead to
      earlier diagnosis and definitive treatment.

PMID- 4032558
TI  - Papillary adenocarcinoma in situ of bladder.
AB  - To the best of our knowledge papillary adenocarcinoma in situ of the bladder has
      not been reported previously. We describe a case of transitional cell carcinoma
      in situ of the bladder associated with papillary adenocarcinoma in situ. While it
      is believed that most nonurachal adenocarcinomas of the bladder originate within
      cystitis glandularis, such transition is difficult to document. We assume that
      severe dysplasia of a papillary adenomatous component adjacent to papillary
      adenocarcinoma in situ represents an intermediate morphological change between
      cystitis glandularis and adenocarcinoma. Electron microscopic evaluation of
      glandular epithelium indicates that it represents the process of aberrant
      differentiation rather than a metaplastic phenomenon.

PMID- 4032559
TI  - Mesenteric venous thrombosis associated with estrogen therapy for treatment of
      prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - We report 2 cases of mesenteric venous thrombosis in men taking estrogen for
      carcinoma of the prostate. The possible relationship between the estrogen therapy
      and mesenteric venous thromboses is stressed, as well as the potential danger of
      resumption of estrogen therapy without anticoagulation postoperatively.

PMID- 4032560
TI  - Lumbosacral plexus stretch injury following the use of the modified lithotomy
      position.
AB  - The modified lithotomy position is used to provide simultaneous operative
      exposure to the abdomen and perineum. We report 3 lumbosacral plexus
      complications following use of this position. A mechanism involving stretch
      secondary to hyperabduction seems most likely. Electromyography is helpful in the
      diagnosis and the prognosis seems to be good.

PMID- 4032561
TI  - Bladder mucosal grafts: experiments with allografts in repairing bladder wall
      defects.
AB  - Free patch grafts of bladder mucosa and underlying lamina propria have been used
      to cover large defects in canine bladder walls. Both autografts and allografts
      were successfully transferred. Sex chromatin studies showed the final urothelial
      covering was from the recipient and not the donor bladder.

PMID- 4032562
TI  - The architecture of the musculature of the guinea-pig ureter as examined by
      scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - The muscular architecture of the guinea-pig ureter at different levels was
      examined by scanning electron microscopy. In the middle portion of the ureter,
      bundles of smooth muscle fibers were rather randomly oriented with respect to
      each other and to the long axis of the ureter, forming an irregular network. The
      muscle fibers of the upper ureter were mostly circularly oriented with a few
      outermost longitudinal muscle bundles. In the lower portion, the muscle bundles
      were predominantly longitudinally oriented overlying a deeper circular muscle
      layer. At any level examined, individual muscle fibers were about 100 to 150
      microns. long and about 5 microns. wide, exhibiting a generally smooth surface.
      The adjacent muscle fibers were frequently interconnected by small lateral
      projections. In the pelvic portion, thin and short longitudinal muscle bundles
      were scattered over the inner circular muscles. Individual muscle fibers were
      spindle-shaped, about 70 microns. long, and 5 microns. wide at their thickest
      central portion. They were characterized by a rugged surface with many irregular
      projections and depressions. These muscle fibers may represent pacemaker cells.
      The findings were discussed in relation to the peristaltic movement of the
      ureter.

PMID- 4032563
TI  - Age-dependent aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity.
AB  - Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity was examined in 41 patients who
      received a 5-day course of aminoglycoside. Both pretreatment N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase values and the increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase after
      treatment were high in elderly groups, suggesting the increased vulnerability of
      the kidney with aging.

PMID- 4032564
TI  - Experimental cytoxan cystitis and prevention by acetylcysteine.
AB  - Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) given to rats intraperitoneally produced a severe
      cystitis within four hours with marked inflammatory edema and hemorrhagic
      ulcerations of the mucosa. An in vivo staining test with methylene blue showed
      deep staining of the urothelium as has been demonstrated with other types of
      urothelial injuries; uninjured urothelium does not stain. The cytoxan cystitis is
      probably not due to cytoxan itself, but to a breakdown product acrolein, an
      aldehyde appearing in the urine. Rat experiments demonstrated that acrolein
      instilled intravesically produced a cystitis similar to that found with cytoxan
      injected intraperitoneally. The cystitis due either to cytoxan or acrolein was
      prevented by simultaneous intravesical administration of an aldehyde inactivating
      agent, acetylcysteine (mucomyst).

PMID- 4032565
TI  - A histological study of the urethra of the male baboon--is it similar to man's?
AB  - A comparative morphologic study of the male urethra was performed in 5 humans and
      11 baboons. The corpus spongiosum is essentially the same in both humans and
      baboons, forming a definite organ with a lumen lined chiefly by a pseudo
      stratified columnar epithelium, a lamina propria, vascular space and smooth
      muscle, and an investing collagenous layer. Although present in the same
      anatomical areas there are fewer submucosal and periurethral glands in the
      baboon.

PMID- 4032567
TI  - Percutaneous removal of renal and ureteral calculi: experience with 400 cases.
AB  - Percutaneous removal of renal and ureteral calculi was performed in 500 patients
      since 1979. Experience with our first 100 cases enabled us to accumulate a
      variety of techniques. We report our experience with the subsequent 400 cases. As
      judged by plain films of the kidneys, ureters and bladder, and renal tomograms
      without contrast medium we attained a status free of stones in 99 per cent of the
      patients with renal and 94.5 per cent with ureteral calculi. Intravenous-assisted
      local anesthesia was used in 94 per cent of the cases. There was no mortality and
      the incidence of complications was low. Most patients with renal and ureteral
      calculi can be managed successfully and safely by percutaneous methods with good
      patient tolerance and minimal convalescence.

PMID- 4032566
TI  - The assessment of catheter-induced urethritis using an experimental dog model.
AB  - A new experimental model for the assessment of urethral catheters is described.
      Fifty catheters, comprising brands of latex, silicone, teflon-coated latex and
      polyvinylchloride (PVC) were assessed. The silicone, teflon-coated latex and PVC
      catheters were shown to cause minimal inflammatory change of the urethral mucosa,
      whereas the latex catheters showed variable and more marked changes. The model
      was simple to establish, and gave reproducible results.

PMID- 4032568
TI  - New self-draining basket loop for the treatment of ureteral stones.
AB  - A new ureteral loop is introduced that, in contrast to other loops, allows the
      kidney to be drained continuously during stone retrieval. Thus, complications
      caused by blockage of the ureter by the stone, such as fever and colic pain, are
      avoided. The basket shape of the loop provides optimum grasping of the ureteral
      stone.

PMID- 4032569
TI  - The ureteral folding technique for megaureter surgery.
AB  - The folding technique for megaureter surgery achieved a success rate of 94.6 per
      cent in 74 megaureters. In this series failure to correct reflux was noted in
      only 3 ureters and only 1 obstruction resulted. This operation theoretically
      preserves lower ureteral blood supply, eliminates suture line leakage and
      prolonged stenting, and is a model of cost-effectiveness.

PMID- 4032570
TI  - Full-dose irradiation for patients with invasive bladder carcinoma: clinical and
      histological factors prognostic of improved survival.
AB  - We reviewed the outcome of 55 patients treated from 1974 to 1982 by full-dose
      radiation therapy (6,400 to 6,800 rad) to identify factors associated with tumor
      radioresponsiveness and patient cure. All patients had histological proof of
      muscle invasion by tumor. Of the patients 8 (14 per cent) had clinical stage T2,
      29 (53 per cent) stage T3 and 18 (33 per cent) stage T4 disease. Thirteen
      patients are alive, all but 2 without evidence of cancer. Survivors include 1 of
      9 patients who underwent salvage cystectomy for a local recurrence. The actuarial
      5-year survival rate for the entire group was 28 per cent, with a corrected
      survival of 33 per cent. Median survival was 2.3 years. Corrected survival for
      patients with stages T2 and T3 disease was 45 per cent versus 9 per cent for
      those with stage T4 cancer (p equals 0.009). Within the group with stages T2 and
      T3 cancer (all with proof of muscle invasion) the most striking prognostic factor
      was papillary surface histological findings, with local control by radiation
      therapy alone of 63 per cent versus 20 per cent in the group with solid or flat
      tumors (p equals 0.01), and corrected 5-year survival of 62 per cent (papillary)
      versus 0 per cent (flat or solid) (p equals 0.002). Other significant prognostic
      factors for 5-year survival in this group were extent of transurethral resection
      (54 per cent complete versus 17 per cent incomplete, p equals 0.009) and ureteral
      obstruction on excretory urography (47 per cent without versus 14 per cent with,
      p equals 0.01). Our results suggest that full-dose radiation therapy can be
      offered to patients with muscle-invading bladder cancer, with a relatively higher
      probability of success in those with less advanced tumors by clinical stage,
      papillary surface histological findings and no ureteral obstruction, and in whom
      a complete transurethral resection is possible.

PMID- 4032571
TI  - Radiation therapy for Peyronie's disease: is there a place?
AB  - Peyronie's disease is a disabling condition, the treatment of which remains
      controversial. We evaluated 40 patients who underwent external beam radiation
      therapy for the treatment of chronic Peyronie's disease. While patients with
      penile plaque, penile curvature and impotence were treated little improvement was
      noted. Patients with penile pain or pain on erection responded well to radiation
      with rapid resolution of the pain. We conclude that external beam radiation
      therapy has only limited application in patients with Peyronie's disease.
      Patients with primary symptoms of penile pain or pain with erection may be
      improved through the use of external beam radiation therapy.

PMID- 4032572
TI  - Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from the prostatic cells in patients affected
      by nonacute abacterial prostatitis.
AB  - To assess the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis in nonacute abacterial
      prostatitis 30 patients with urethral cultures positive for Chlamydia trachomatis
      underwent microbiological studies, including cultures of transrectal aspiration
      biopsies of the prostate. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 10 of the
      prostatic specimens (33 per cent). In 3 cases a nonspecific cytopathogenic effect
      caused the destruction of the tissue cultures. Our findings demonstrate that
      Chlamydia trachomatis may cause ascending infections of the prostate and that
      this microorganism may have an etiological role in the pathogenesis of nonacute
      abacterial prostatitis.

PMID- 4032573
TI  - Holding postures characteristic of unstable bladder.
AB  - Holding postures to resist uninhibited detrusor contractions are illustrated and
      discussed. These postures were observed in children with urodynamically proved
      unstable bladders. The majority of the holding postures involved compressing the
      urethral meatus or the perineum in girls, or contracting all of the skeletal
      muscles or squeezing the glans penis in boys. The holding posture required the
      child to remain still. Younger children used straightforward holding postures,
      while older children adopted more sophisticated and less recognizable positions.
      These clinical observations seem to suggest that a physician should probably
      suspect an unstable bladder in any child who often demonstrates any of these
      postures.

PMID- 4032574
TI  - Preoperative prediction of continence after enterocystoplasty or undiversion in
      children with neurogenic bladder.
AB  - Fifteen children and young adults with neurogenic bladder undergoing
      enterocystoplasty were evaluated preoperatively to determine subsequent urinary
      continence and to establish the need for bladder neck reconstruction. The
      proximal sphincter mechanism was studied with an erect cystogram under
      fluoroscopic monitoring and the distal sphincter mechanism was studied with
      direct electromyography. In 8 patients the distal and proximal sphincters were
      incompetent, and all underwent a Young-Dees bladder neck reconstruction. In 7
      patients 1 or both sphincters were competent and none underwent bladder neck
      reconstruction during enterocystoplasty. Of the 14 patients followed 13 are
      continent on intermittent catheterization.

PMID- 4032575
TI  - Noncompliant bladder resulting from posterior urethral valves.
AB  - We report on 4 boys with abnormally functioning, poorly compliant bladders and
      residual urine associated with posterior urethral valves. All 4 boys have been
      managed with clean intermittent self-catheterization and have shown stabilization
      or improvement in renal function, and improvement in upper tract drainage and
      urinary continence. The pathophysiological findings of this type of bladder
      dysfunction are discussed.

PMID- 4032576
TI  - Is Chlamydia trachomatis a cause of prostatitis?

PMID- 4032577
TI  - Elevated prostaglandin and indomethacin-responsive hypercalcemia in a patient
      with malignant pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 4032578
TI  - Congenital megacalices in a black woman.
AB  - Congenital megacalices is an uncommon anatomical malformation of the kidney. It
      has been reported previously only in white patients with a strong male
      predominance. We report congenital megacalices in a black woman.

PMID- 4032579
TI  - Pyocystis, pyonephrosis and perinephric abscess in end stage renal disease.
AB  - We report 8 patients with end stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis who
      had pyocystis, pyonephrosis or a perinephric abscess. Delay in diagnosis was
      frequent because the urine-deprived bladder and kidneys were dismissed as
      potential sites of infection. Treatment of pyocystis with bladder irrigations
      often was successful and obviated cystectomy. Pyonephrosis or perinephric abscess
      was a more serious problem and required unilateral nephrectomy.

PMID- 4032580
TI  - Peritoneal extravasation during percutaneous lithotripsy.
AB  - Extravasation of irrigation fluid during percutaneous nephrostolithotomy is a
      major complication and can result in severe morbidity. We report 3 cases of
      peritoneal extravasation of irrigation fluid. Ventilatory difficulty and narrowed
      pulse pressure suggest intraperitoneal extravasation of irrigation fluid, which
      should be treated by rapid drainage of extravasated fluid and careful monitoring
      of electrolyte concentrations.

PMID- 4032581
TI  - Intraoperative use of ureterorenoscope.
AB  - A new intraoperative use of the ureterorenoscope is described for open stone
      surgery. A mid ureteral stone that had moved back into the kidney was retrieved
      successfully through a ureterotomy incision, avoiding further procedures.

PMID- 4032582
TI  - Endoscopic transvesical ureterotomy.
AB  - Endoscopic transvesical ureterotomy was used in 2 cases of lower ureteral
      stricture. Ureteral catheterization was performed after dilation. Then, with
      cutting diathermy a Colling's knife was directed so that an incision was made at
      the 12 o'clock position, cutting onto the catheter and, thus, completing the
      ureterotomy. In each case the incision extended outside the bladder through the
      strictured segment of the ureter and above to the dilated ureter proximal to the
      stenosis. Obstruction was relieved in both cases and, although vesicoureteral
      reflux was present during voiding, excretory urography at 12 months demonstrated
      acceptable tracts.

PMID- 4032583
TI  - The management of civilian ureteral gunshot wounds: a review of 8 patients.
AB  - Ureteral injury is a rare consequence of abdominal gunshot wounds. We recently
      treated 8 patients with ureteral injuries. Failure to diagnose ureteral injury at
      presentation led to postoperative complications, necessitating additional
      operative procedures in 4 patients. However, in all 8 patients renal salvage was
      achieved.

PMID- 4032584
TI  - The use of bowel interposed between proximal and distal ureter in urinary tract
      reconstruction.
AB  - The replacement of lost ureter with bowel interposition is a feasible alternative
      in the reconstruction of the urinary tract. When adequate ureteral length is not
      present, interposition of a portion of small bowel between the proximal and
      distal ureteral segments is an option that minimizes the amount of bowel in the
      urinary tract. This, in turn, reduces mucus production and electrolyte absorption
      in the reconstructed urinary tract, and allows for more bowel to remain as part
      of the functioning gastrointestinal tract. This procedure allows use of the
      antirefluxing function of the normal ureterovesical junction when present. We
      have used successfully interposition of the small bowel between the proximal and
      distal ureteral segments for undiversion in 5 children. Generally, we strive to
      join urothelium to urothelium without the use of bowel in urinary tract
      reconstruction but when this is not feasible, bowel interposition has been a
      useful option.

PMID- 4032585
TI  - Nonrefluxing ureteroileal cystoplasty for bladder augmentation or replacement of
      ureters: long-term results of own technique.
AB  - The technique of a nonrefluxing end-to-end ureteroileal anastomosis is described.
      The conjoined ends of both ureters are formed into a 4 to 5 cm. long ureteral
      tube that is placed loosely into the bowel lumen. Increased intraluminal pressure
      during micturition closes the valve by compressing the ureter wall from outside,
      thus, preventing reflux. An end-to-end enteroureteral anastomosis has been used
      in 32 ileal or colon conduits and in 6 patients with ureteroileal cystoplasty.
      The followup (range 1 to 15 years) of these 6 patients who underwent bladder
      augmentation or ureteral replacement is presented. Based on this experience, this
      type of anastomosis appears to be fast and safe, without urine leakage, stenosis
      or reflux. The nonrefluxing safety valve mechanism makes this anastomosis
      applicable for bladder augmentation, with no ill-effects and good long-term
      function.

PMID- 4032586
TI  - Xanthogranulomatous cystitis.
AB  - Xanthogranulomatous lesions have been reported in many anatomical sites but only
      10 cases involving the bladder have been described, 7 of which were associated
      with urachal adenoma. To our knowledge, we report the first instance of
      xanthogranulomatous cystitis in the English literature.

PMID- 4032587
TI  - Peritonitis and abdominal free air due to intraperitoneal bladder perforation
      associated with indwelling urethral catheter drainage.
AB  - Perforation of the bladder related to long-term indwelling Foley catheter
      drainage is a rare and serious complication. We report 2 cases of bladder
      perforation leading to generalized peritonitis and free intraperitoneal air.
      These cases re-emphasize the importance of considering bladder perforation in the
      differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen and of performing a complete
      abdominal exploration when the site of perforation is not easily detectable.

PMID- 4032588
TI  - Carcinoma of the male urethra.
AB  - Between February 1965 and November 1981 we treated 10 men with transitional or
      squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra. Treatment consisted of radiation therapy
      alone in 5 patients, operation alone in 4 and a combination of irradiation plus
      operation in 1. Radiation therapy produced local-regional control in 4 of the 5
      patients with carcinoma of the distal or prostatic urethra, and 3 were completely
      free of disease at 5 years. The only complication of irradiation was urethral
      stricture in 3 patients, which was treated successfully by periodic urethral
      dilation. None of the patients treated by an operation alone or with irradiation
      achieved local-regional control.

PMID- 4032589
TI  - Primary mesonephric carcinoma of the female urethra.
AB  - We report the sixth case of mesonephric carcinoma of the female urethra, which is
      a rare urethral tumor arising from embryonal remnants of the wolffian or
      mesonephric duct. The 5 cases previously reported are reviewed. Despite the over
      all high stage and entire urethral location of these tumors at presentation,
      their innate biological malignant potential appears to be much less than the
      usual variants of urethral cancer. Radical surgical procedures appear to offer an
      excellent prognosis with a 5-year survival rate without evidence of recurrent
      disease approaching 80 per cent.

PMID- 4032590
TI  - Overflow urinary incontinence due to carbamazepine.
AB  - We describe the first well documented case of overflow urinary incontinence owing
      to prolonged carbamazepine treatment for temporal lobe seizures. Carbamazepine
      increased the bladder capacity to 1,700 ml. and was accompanied by symptoms of
      urgency and frequency. After carbamazepine was discontinued and the patient was
      given primidone the voiding symptoms disappeared. Post-voiding catheterization of
      the bladder showed minimal residual urine volume. In a review of urological
      adverse reactions of anticonvulsant drugs that are effective in the management of
      temporal lobe seizures we found that only primidone and phenobarbital have not
      been convincingly associated with such side effects. However, phenytoin and
      clonazepam have been linked with urinary incontinence, and valproic acid with
      enuresis.

PMID- 4032591
TI  - Genitoperineal injury induced by orthopedic fracture table.
AB  - Reduction and fixation of lower extremity fractures commonly involve use of the
      orthopedic fracture table, with incorporation of the perineal post for
      positioning and countertraction. Prolonged application of perineal pressure
      thereby is possible, with vulnerability to genitoperineal injury. Four examples
      are described.

PMID- 4032592
TI  - Spermatic cord arteriovenous fistula: an unusual complication of vasectomy.
AB  - A case of a large, symptomatic spermatic cord arteriovenous fistula following
      routine vasectomy is reported. This unusual complication required surgical
      intervention and has not been noted previously.

PMID- 4032593
TI  - Endometrial carcinoma of the prostatic utricle: a tumor of prostatic origin.
AB  - Endometrial carcinoma of the prostatic utricle previously was believed to be of
      mullerian origin. We report 2 cases studied by ultrastructural and
      immunoperoxidase techniques. Our results, as well as those presented by others,
      demonstrate the prostatic origin of this tumor.

PMID- 4032594
TI  - Chylous ascites complicating genitourinary oncological surgery.
AB  - Chylous ascites is an uncommon complication of retroperitoneal surgery. We report
      2 cases of intraperitoneal chyle fistulas, one following retroperitoneal
      lymphadenectomy for testis cancer and the other after radical nephrectomy with
      regional lymphadenectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Both patients were treated
      successfully with medium chain triglyceride diets. We believe that most patients
      with chylous ascites will respond to simple dietary manipulation, and do not
      require complex and potentially morbid treatment regimens.

PMID- 4032595
TI  - Sequential studies of rat urinary bladder epithelial lesions induced by
      ifosfamide (Z4942).
AB  - Urinary bladder damage caused by ifosfamide in male F344 rats was studied by
      light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Ifosfamide was injected
      intraperitoneally at doses of 30, 60 and 120 mg. per kg. body weight, and rats
      were killed at several intervals following treatment. The changes in the
      epithelium observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
      following ifosfamide injection were compared to those observed following
      cyclophosphamide injection. Necrosis and exfoliation of the urinary bladder
      epithelium occurred after day 1 of ifosfamide treatment and were followed by
      regenerative hyperplasia. This hyperplasia was reversible. A dose response was
      evident in the number and size of lesions induced and the time of regeneration
      and repair. Scanning electron microscopy disclosed short, uniform microvilli on
      the luminal surface of cells during the early phases of hyperplasia. These
      microvilli persisted for only 1 day, from days 1 to 7, and days 1 to 12
      respectively, following injection of 30, 60 and 120 mg. per kg. of ifosfamide.
      The hyperplastic lesions also contained cells with pleomorphic microvilli and
      ropy or leafy microridges on their surfaces. These findings after ifosfamide
      administration were similar to those reported to be induced in the urinary
      bladder by cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 4032596
TI  - Cancer serum index and prostatic acid phosphatase for detection of progressive
      prostatic cancer.
AB  - The ratio of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein/prealbumin, referred to as a cancer serum
      index, has been proposed as a marker for neoplastic disease. In a series of 130
      patients with prostate cancer, the cancer serum index was measured along with
      serum prostatic acid phosphatase. A significant difference for both the cancer
      serum index and serum prostatic acid phosphatase was detected between those
      patients with no evidence of active disease after treatment and those with
      progressive disease after treatment.

PMID- 4032597
TI  - Urinary undiversion using the existing ileal loop and distal right ureter.
AB  - Urinary undiversion is an accepted technique in a highly selective patient
      population. We reconstructed the urinary tract in six female mongrel dogs. A 15
      cm. segment of ileum was isolated, both ends were closed and bowel continuity re
      established. The proximal two-thirds of each ureter were anastomosed to the
      proximal end of the ileal segment. The distal one-third right ureteral segment,
      in continuity with the bladder, was anastomosed end-to-side to the distal ileal
      segment. Information from the intravenous pyelograms, renal function tests,
      electrolytes and pathological studies showed normal upper tracts without
      dilatation or obstruction, preservation of renal function and normal electrolytes
      except for mild hyperchloremia in all 6 animals. There was chronic pyelonephritis
      in one animal and mild focal renal inflammation in two animals. The uretero-ileal
      anastomoses were patent and the ureters were not dilated. The interposed ileum
      functions well as a conduit and does not become a reservoir over time. We believe
      incorporating ileum into the urinary tract in this technique of undiversion is a
      safe and effective clinical alternative in selected patients.

PMID- 4032598
TI  - Estimation by infrared spectrophotometer of the calcium oxalate dihydrate to
      calcium oxalate monohydrate ratio.
AB  - According to the theoretical expression for calibration curve as a function of
      the optical absorption ratio of two peaks and with the analysis of the infrared
      spectra of the mixture samples of commercial calcium oxalate monohydrate and
      synthesized calcium oxalate dihydrate, the following quadratic equation was
      obtained; Y = 1.79 X2 - 30.90 X + 107.04 in which Y is the percentage of the
      purity of calcium oxalate dihydrate and X is the ratio of the relative optical
      absorption at 660 cm.-1 (the wave number at a characteristic absorption peak of
      calcium oxalate monohydrate) to that at 610 cm.-1 (that of calcium oxalate
      dihydrate) by regarding the line as a base-line that links the absorption valley
      at around 700 cm.-1 with that at 550 cm.-1 The linear correlation coefficient of
      the actual purity to the estimated purity obtained from this formula of calcium
      oxalate dihydrate is 0.995. When this formula is applied to the results derived
      from the infrared spectra of the mixture samples of commercial calcium oxalate
      monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate obtained from urinary stones in
      duplicate in each percentage, the linear correlation coefficient is 0.991. This
      estimation method by infrared spectrophotometer of the calcium oxalate dihydrate
      to calcium oxalate monohydrate ratio gave a very close correlation between actual
      and estimated purity of calcium oxalate dihydrate and seems useful in the study
      of calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

PMID- 4032599
TI  - Dynamics of the ureterovesical junction; a qualitative analysis of the
      ureterovesical pressure profile in the pig.
AB  - In pigs, ureterovesical pressure profiles were analyzed by combined prevesical
      perfusion pressure measurement and microsensor pressure profilometry of the
      ureterovesical junction, which showed comparable and reproducible fast and slow
      pressure waves. Cystoscopy revealed that the fast pressure waves were associated
      with fluid spurts from the ureteral orifice and wrinkling of bladder mucosa over
      the ureterovesical junction. During slow pressure waves only initial decreases in
      outflow from the orifice may occur. After dissection of the detrusor muscle at
      the UVJ only fast pressure waves were recorded. At similar pressure measurements
      on an inactivated ureter segment which was obliquely passed through the bladder
      wall only slow pressure waves could be detected. It is concluded that the fast
      pressure waves of the ureterovesical pressure profile represent peristaltic
      activity which is generated at the ureterovesical junction and by which fluid may
      be discharged into the bladder. The slow pressure waves of the pressure profile
      reflect impairment of flow through the ureterovesical junction by detrusor
      activity.

PMID- 4032600
TI  - Dynamics of the ureterovesical junction; effectiveness of its ureteral
      peristalsis in high pressure pig bladders.
AB  - In pigs, the effectiveness of ureteral peristaltic fluid discharge from the
      ureterovesical junction at high intravesical pressures was evaluated by
      ureterovesical perfusion pressure (UVPP) measurements and continuous endoscopic
      observation of the ureteral orifice during cystometry. Basal UVPPs either
      remained low, or were elevated but then intermittently could be reduced to near
      pre-bladder-filling levels at the end of the peristaltic pressure waves during
      which fluid was discharged from the ureteral orifice. Reductions of elevated
      basal UVPP correlated with the volumes of the associated discharged fluid boluses
      and with the perfusion times until such decreased basal UVPP again reached the
      elevated level it had before the peristaltic pressure waves. Even an elevated
      juxtavesical basal ureteral pressure which was already well below high
      intravesical pressure could be further reduced to near normal level after a
      ureteral peristaltic contraction which was accompanied by fluid discharge from
      the ureteral orifice. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 4032602
TI  - 1984: Newspeak, doublethink, and vascular surgery.

PMID- 4032601
TI  - A genetically determined murine model of infantile polycystic kidney disease.
AB  - We have evaluated a congenic strain of mice with congenital polycystic kidney
      disease in which the disease process appears to closely resemble human infantile
      polycystic kidney disease. Cysts formed first in the proximal tubules of the
      nephron and appeared, by light microscopy, to be preceded by vacuolization of the
      cells. These spaces, as seen by electron microscopy, occurred between adjacent
      cells. The pancreas was severely involved with reduction of both exocrine and
      endocrine elements. Cyst formation in the liver was minimal. Serum samples
      evaluated for urea nitrogen and creatinine were significantly elevated in
      affected mice. Serum glucose was within normal limits.

PMID- 4032603
TI  - Idiopathic ischemic syndromes of the retina and optic nerve and their carotid
      origin.
AB  - Most eye problems referred to vascular surgeons for workup of carotid disease are
      either transient (amaurosis fugax) or partial (retinal branch artery occlusion)
      visual loss. Patients with more severe total infarcts of the retina (central
      retinal artery occlusion) or of the head of the optic nerve ("ischemic optic
      neuropathy") are seldom suspected of carotid disease and, in the latter case, are
      generally labeled idiopathic. An explanation for the difference in attitude
      towards these conditions is suggested. A prescribed carotid etiology for these
      various ischemic syndromes of the eye and optic nerve was explored in a study of
      20 consecutive patients who had acute ischemic eye/optic nerve problems. Special
      visualization of the neck, orbital, and retinal vasculature was obtained. Sixty
      percent had ipsilateral and 50% had contralateral carotid artery disease. The
      ophthalmic artery and the posterior ciliary arteries showed intrinsic lesions
      each in 25% of cases. Our pilot study concludes that there is strong evidence
      that most of these ischemic eye syndromes are related to carotid artery disease,
      which is found in the majority of patients. In a minority of them ischemic
      problems may be due to arteritis or to intrinsic disease of the ophthalmic
      artery. A more cohesive approach to the study and treatment of these different
      entities is supported by the suggestion of a common etiology for most of them.
      Close collaboration with ophthalmologists will be needed to improve the present
      management of these eye conditions.

PMID- 4032604
TI  - Cumulative stroke and survival ten years after carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - With the life-table method, late stroke and survival data were calculated for 329
      patients (mean age 59 years) followed a minimum of 10 years after carotid
      endarterectomy. The cumulative incidence of stroke was 24% at 10 years after
      operation, but only 10% of patients sustained strokes that clearly involved the
      ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. Late strokes were most common (p less than or
      equal to 0.05) among hypertensive patients (31%), those with preoperative strokes
      (31%), and patients with recognized contralateral carotid stenosis (42%).
      Contralateral hemispheric strokes occurred in 36% of patients with uncorrected
      contralateral stenosis compared with 8% of those who had elective bilateral
      reconstruction (p = 0.09). Myocardial infarctions caused more late deaths (37%)
      than did strokes (15%), and 10-year survival after incidental myocardial
      revascularization (55%) was superior (p = 0.0001) to survival for patients with
      suspected but undocumented coronary disease (32%).

PMID- 4032605
TI  - Infrapopliteal bypass for established gangrene of the forefoot or toes.
AB  - This study was undertaken to assess factors affecting limb salvage after
      femorodistal bypass in patients with established gangrene. From January 1977
      through June 1983, 361 patients underwent infrapopliteal bypasses; 58 patients
      (59 limbs) had forefoot and/or toe gangrene. There were 33 men and 25 women (mean
      age 67.6 years), and 40 patients (69%) were diabetic. A total of 71 femorodistal
      bypass procedures were performed in these patients: a single bypass in 49, repeat
      procedure in eight, and multiple bypasses in two patients. Graft material was
      autogenous saphenous vein in 22 cases, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in 39
      cases, and a composite graft in 10 procedures. After bypass 50 patients underwent
      limited toe or forefoot amputation with uncomplicated healing. Limb salvage by
      life-table analysis was 70% at 1 year, 60% at 3 years, and 28% at 5 years. The
      graft patency at 3 years was 65% for vein grafts and 30% for PTFE grafts. In the
      entire series the operative mortality rate was 1.7%. Age, sex, hypertension, or
      diabetes mellitus did not influence the result of surgery. Similarly, failure of
      a previous femoropopliteal or tibial graft did not reduce the likelihood of limb
      salvage. Graft patency, however, is prerequisite for limb salvage, and graft
      patency can be maintained by thrombectomy or repetitive bypass. The present study
      suggests that limb salvage is possible in as many as two thirds of limbs with
      established gangrene. Although saphenous vein remains the graft material of
      choice, its absence should not preclude attempts at limb salvage. Repetitive
      grafting did not jeopardize patient safety but contributed significantly to
      extended limb survival.

PMID- 4032607
TI  - Balloon embolectomy catheters in small arteries: a technique to prevent excessive
      shear forces.
AB  - Balloon embolectomy catheters were studied in canine common carotid arteries (2
      to 3 mm) in vitro to evaluate a technique of preventing excessive shear forces
      and to examine the effect of blood within the lumen. Each balloon was studied at
      25, 75, 125, or 150 mm Hg lateral wall pressure. Shear forces were recorded in 16
      vessels when the balloons were distended before catheter withdrawal, and these
      data were compared with forces recorded when the balloons were distended during
      catheter withdrawal. Results showed that distention of the balloon during
      withdrawal reduced shear forces 43.8% to 55.8% (p less than 0.05). In other
      experiments shear forces were recorded when the lumen was lubricated with
      heparinized saline solution, and these were compared with forces recorded when
      the lumen was lubricated with heparinized whole blood. The presence of blood in
      the lumen reduced shear forces 23.4% to 52.9% (p less than 0.05). From these
      studies it is recommended that during embolectomy in patients the balloons be
      distended during the first half centimeter or centimeter of catheter withdrawal
      to prevent excessive shear forces and that residual blood in the vessel lumen
      proximal to the point of embolic obstruction be accepted without concern,
      provided adequate heparinization has been achieved.

PMID- 4032606
TI  - Reproducibility of noninvasive tests of peripheral occlusive arterial disease.
AB  - We studied the reproducibility of four tests of peripheral occlusive arterial
      disease in 54 subjects, 32 of whom had this disease. We found that the
      reproducibility of systolic blood pressures obtained at rest from the thighs,
      calves, and ankles approximated that of arm systolic and diastolic blood
      pressures, as did the ankle-to-arm systolic blood pressure ratios. The average of
      the tenth and ninetieth percentile ranges of the resting systolic blood pressure
      ankle-to-arm ratios was +/- 0.10. Systolic blood pressures from the fingers were
      somewhat less reproducible, and those from the toes were even more variable.
      Systolic blood pressure ankle-to-arm ratios measured after the patient had
      exercised were less reproducible than resting ratios. The average of the tenth
      and ninetieth percentile ranges of the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-minute ratios after
      exercise was -0.13 to +0.16. Skin temperatures from the fingers and toes were
      approximately as reproducible as systolic blood pressures from the arms and legs
      and as the resting ankle-to-arm blood pressure ratios. Pulse-volume recordings
      from the thighs, calves, ankles, feet, toes, and fingers were very poorly
      reproducible. We conclude that information on the reproducibility of these
      measurements is essential in the evaluation of noninvasive arterial tests that
      are used to determine the course of peripheral occlusive arterial disease.

PMID- 4032608
TI  - A new method for the prediction of peripheral vascular resistance from the
      preoperative angiogram.
AB  - The preoperative angiogram is widely used to estimate runoff prior to
      infrainguinal bypass grafting, but the traditional method of angiographic scoring
      (0, 1, 2, or 3 based on the number of patent tibial vessels) correlates poorly
      with measurements of peripheral vascular resistance. We assigned a score of 0, 1,
      or 2 to each of four parameters (anterior and posterior tibial arteries [AT and
      PT], peroneal artery [PER], and plantar arch [ARCH]) on the preoperative
      angiograms of 39 patients admitted for elective femoral bypass grafting. These
      scores were then examined for their ability to correlate with the peripheral
      vascular resistance measured in each patient at the time of surgery. Multiple
      linear regression suggested that the scores assigned to the AT, PT, and ARCH were
      significantly correlated with observed resistance, but the PER subscore was not.
      Multiple linear regression of the AT, PT, and ARCH subscores suggested that
      resistance could be predicted from the equation: In (Resistance [mm Hg/ml/min]) =
      0.786 - 0.268(AT) - 0.25(PT) - 0.358(ARCH), for which r = 0.78 and p less than
      0.001. The ability of this relationship to predict resistance was tested by a
      division of the patient population into two roughly equal groups based on their
      observed resistance at surgery. When tested in this fashion, this equation had a
      sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 82%. These findings suggest that the
      preoperative angiogram can be graded in a simple, yet unambiguous way, which
      allows a reasonable prediction of peripheral vascular resistance.

PMID- 4032609
TI  - External carotid revascularization: review of a ten-year experience.
AB  - In the presence of ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, external
      carotid artery (ECA) revascularization can improve cerebral perfusion or
      eliminate an embolic source. From 1974 through 1984, 37 patients at The Cleveland
      Clinic underwent 42 ECA reconstructions; autologous patch angioplasty and
      intraluminal shunting were used when feasible. Thirty procedures were limited to
      primary ECA revascularization, whereas 12 extended procedures were performed as
      reoperations after previous ECA endarterectomy or required complementary
      subclavian or intracranial bypass. There were no early postoperative deaths nor
      neurologic morbidity in the limited group, but one death, four ipsilateral
      hemispheric strokes, and one retinal embolism occurred in the extended group. Ten
      patients have died during a follow-up interval of 1 to 72 months (mean 27
      months). Five late deaths were caused by myocardial infarction, only one of which
      was complicated by a contralateral stroke. Two additional strokes have occurred;
      one involved the ipsilateral and one the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. Five
      other patients experienced recurrent cerebral or ocular ischemic symptoms. In
      conclusion, extended ECA reconstruction is associated with a higher operative
      risk than limited revascularization. Late follow-up is necessary to detect those
      patients who may eventually require additional management of recurrent
      cerebrovascular symptoms or incidental coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4032610
TI  - The fate of human umbilical vein grafts as an infrarenal aortic substitute in
      monkeys.
AB  - The literature contains conflicting reports about the potential value of the
      processed human umbilical vein graft as an arterial substitute. With a view to a
      better understanding of the ultimate fate of this device, a series of long-term
      implantation was undertaken with a nonhuman primate model. Dardik Biografts were
      implanted as an infrarenal aortic substitute in 13 monkeys. Nine were put to
      death following complications after post-operative periods ranging from 3 months
      to 3 years, while four animals remain alive. No calcification or lipid
      infiltration was found, presumably because the animals were healthy. The patency
      rate was poor because of complications associated with thrombotic deposits and
      thinning of the graft wall after implantation, which led to stenosis and fibrous
      hyperplasia along the anastomoses. The external polyester mesh was found to
      encourage external tissue proliferation, which could not prevent the graft from
      dilating since it contained neither elastin nor smooth muscle cells. Because the
      places where the graft had been damaged before or during processing were the
      sites of thrombotic accumulation and initial collagen degeneration, it is
      essential to use only defect-free material. As a consequence the long-term
      durability of this graft continues to be questioned.

PMID- 4032611
TI  - Coexistence of abdominal aortic aneurysm and carcinoma of the colon: a dilemma.
AB  - The incidence of colonic cancer coexisting with an aneurysm of the abdominal
      aorta is approximately 2%. Such a coexistence presents a true dilemma to the
      surgeon for it is often difficult to decide whether to treat the carcinoma or the
      aneurysm first. This report summarizes the opinions of 46 Professors of General
      Surgery and Vascular Surgery who gave their response as to which condition should
      receive priority of treatment. Approximately one third of the respondents favored
      excision of the carcinoma first; one third stated they would excise the aneurysm
      first; and the remaining third said they would withhold a decision until
      laparotomy was performed. Two surgeons replied that they would attempt to perform
      aneurysmectomy and colectomy simultaneously.

PMID- 4032612
TI  - Endothelium develops on seeded human arterial prosthesis: a brief clinical note.
AB  - Despite a considerable and growing body of evidence that endothelial cell seeding
      accelerates the healing of arterial prostheses in laboratory animals, there has
      been no histologic evidence thus far to indicate that a similar process occurs in
      human beings. A case is reported of histologically confirmed, extensive
      endothelial healing on a polytetrafluoroethylene femoropopliteal bypass graft 90
      days after it was seeded and implanted.

PMID- 4032613
TI  - Spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery.
AB  - A patient presented with chronic visceral ischemia caused by spontaneous
      dissection of the superior mesenteric artery; this was treated successfully by
      "intimectomy" and patch angioplasty. Operative rather than expectant management
      is recommended for this rare but surgically accessible lesion.

PMID- 4032614
TI  - Femorotibial vein bypass in a child.
AB  - This report details the course and management of a 5-year-old girl with
      intermittent claudication, a chronic leg ulcer, and discrepancy in leg growth
      caused by unilateral femoropopliteal arterial occlusive lesions of obscure
      etiology. Angiographic evaluation, pathologic observations, and surgical
      management of this child are detailed. A 4-year follow-up has provided gratifying
      results that justify the surgical approach to this unique patient.

PMID- 4032615
TI  - The superficial femoral artery as a conduit: an alternative to prosthetic
      material.
AB  - The occluded superficial femoral artery is almost universally present in
      atherosclerosis obliterans and requires vascular reconstruction. As an
      alternative autogenous conduit, when a suitable saphenous vein is not available,
      the properly prepared superficial femoral artery can obviate the need for
      prosthetic material. The technique for preparing the artery for use as a graft is
      discussed. A case of the superficial femoral artery used as an autogenous conduit
      is presented.

PMID- 4032616
TI  - Medial approach to the anterior tibial artery.

PMID- 4032617
TI  - The supraclavicular approach to scalenectomy and first rib resection: description
      of technique.

PMID- 4032618
TI  - Patency in canine inferior vena cava grafting: effects of graft material, size,
      and endothelial seeding.

PMID- 4032619
TI  - Arterial wall microbiology and graft infections.

PMID- 4032620
TI  - Experimental plague in rock squirrels, Spermophilus variegatus (Erxleben).
AB  - Experimental infections with Yersinia pestis were followed in groups of rock
      squirrels. Development of coagulopathy and pneumonia were observed in 2-4% and 11
      12% of the test animals, respectively. Susceptibility to experimental infection
      was heterogeneous with some animals surviving inoculation with large numbers of
      organisms and others succumbing after inoculation with small numbers. Production
      and longevity of serum antibody titers, as measured by passive hemagglutination
      tests, were variable as well, and apparently unrelated to dose. The data
      presented attest to the need for care in interpreting serologic tests results for
      individual animals.

PMID- 4032621
TI  - Experimental transfer of Trichomonas gallinae (Rivolta, 1878) from white-winged
      doves to mourning doves.
AB  - Isolates of Trichomonas gallinae (Rivolta, 1878) from white-winged doves, Zenaida
      asiatica (L.), were transferred experimentally to young mourning doves, Zenaida
      macroura (L.). Twenty-three of 25 mourning doves developed infections with
      isolates of T. gallinae from 25 white-winged doves. In addition, eight of eight
      rock doves (Columba livia Gmelin) were infected with duplicate isolates. All
      infected recipient birds harbored avirulent isolates except for one mourning dove
      which died from extensive oral lesions. However, repeated attempts using this
      isolate of T. gallinae to produce lesions in additional recipients were
      unsuccessful. Despite the findings of this study, it was suggested that future
      dove management strategies consider the possibility of disease outbreaks
      involving white-winged doves and susceptible populations of mourning doves.

PMID- 4032622
TI  - Prevalence of helminths in a cyclic snowshoe hare population.
AB  - Five species of helminths were monitored in a population of snowshoe hares (Lepus
      americanus) near Rochester, Alberta, during 1961-1977. Prevalence of both
      Obeliscoides cuniculi and Protostrongylus boughtoni among young hares averaged
      about 50% by age 2 mo, then tended to level off. Prevalence of Taenia pisiformis
      (cysticerci) and Dirofilaria scapiceps rose more slowly, but continued to
      increase steadily beyond their mean levels of 8% and 1% at age 2 mo. There were
      well defined seasonal (within-year) cycles in prevalence of O. cuniculi and P.
      boughtoni that were generated evidently to a major degree by arrested development
      of larvae in fall and renewed development in late winter. It was hypothesized
      that renewed larval development was triggered (in February) in O. cuniculi by the
      seasonal rise of circulating pituitary gonadotrophins, and (in April) in P.
      boughtoni by the seasonal rise of gonadal androgens and estrogens. Indices to
      gonadal hormone levels in hares indicated that these increased most rapidly among
      males, and may have accounted for the higher prevalences of P. boughtoni in males
      during April-May. Neither T. pisiformis nor D. scapiceps exhibited conspicuous
      seasonal changes in prevalence. Maximum prevalence of T. pisiformis was attained
      at about 1 yr of age, whereas D. scapiceps increased among adult snowshoes
      through age 2 yr before stabilizing. Long-term (between-year) changes in
      prevalence of O. cuniculi, T. pisiformis, and D. scapiceps were correlated
      significantly with the cyclic hare population which declined from a peak in fall
      1961 to a low in 1965-1966, rose to another peak by fall 1970, and declined again
      to a low in 1975. There was no detectable time lage between this "10-yr" cycle in
      hare density and the cycles of parasite prevalence among juveniles (less than 1
      yr of age). Among adult hares, the cycle of O. cuniculi prevalence was likewise
      synchronous with that of the hare population, but the cycles of D. scapiceps and
      T. pisiformis lagged by approximately 1 and 2 yr, respectively. This lag in T.
      pisiformis prevalence was largely inexplicable to us. Our data on P. boughtoni
      were not suitable for analyses of between-year trends; nor were those for the
      fifth helminth, Taenia serialis (coenuri), because mean prevalence was less than
      1% among both juveniles and adults. An apparent decline in T. serialis after the
      early 1950's, and its continued scarcity thereafter, paralleled a major change in
      numbers of one important definitive host--the red fox (Vulpes vulpes).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4032623
TI  - Factors affecting the helminth community structure of adult collared peccaries in
      southern Texas.
AB  - Four species of nematodes (Gongylonema pulchrum, Parabronema pecariae,
      Texicospirura turki, and Physocephalus sexalatus) and one species of cestode
      (Moniezia sp.) comprised the helminth fauna of adult collared peccaries (Tayassu
      tajacu) from the plains in southern Texas. The community structure of the
      helminth fauna of peccaries from this region was basically dissimilar to that
      from the more humid Gulf coastal prairies of southern Texas in composition (by
      the conspicuous absence of certain species) and relative abundance of shared
      species. The distributions of each of the three common species of helminths (G.
      pulchrum, T. turki, and P. sexalatus) were overdispersed. The effects of selected
      habitat variables operating across host subpopulations (delineated by condition
      and sex) and of the extrinsic variable of season on the dispersion patterns of
      the three common species of helminths were examined. The hypothesis that
      heterogeneity within the host population, rather than across the collective host
      population, is the main factor generating overdispersion in natural parasite
      populations was not confirmed for the three common species of helminths.
      Overdispersion in P. sexalatus resulted from seasonal changes across the
      collective host population, with the greatest abundances occurring during the
      cool season. Aggregated abundances of G. pulchrum resulted from variation
      generated across host sex subpopulations, while the dispersion patterns of T.
      turki appeared to be unaffected by the habitat variables examined in this study.

PMID- 4032624
TI  - Effects of season and physical condition on the gastrointestinal helminth
      community of white-tailed deer from the Texas Edwards Plateau.
AB  - Eighty-six adult female white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann),
      collected over a 12-mo period in the Texas Edwards Plateau, harbored six species
      of nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Gongylonema pulchrum, Oesophagostomum
      venulosum, Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia sp., and Apteragia odocoilei), and two
      cestodes (Moniezia sp. and Taenia hydatigena). The patterns of distribution of
      the three common species of gastrointestinal helminths (H. contortus, O.
      venulosum, and G. pulchrum) were overdispersed. When analyzed for the main and
      interactive effects of the extrinsic and intrinsic variables of season and
      physical condition, respectively, aggregated abundances in H. contortus and O.
      venulosum appeared to result from the main effect of seasonal changes operating
      over the collective populations of these two species rather than from the
      intrinsic factor of physical condition operating within selected subpopulations.
      Abomasal parasite counts do not appear to be a useful index for monitoring herd
      condition of white-tailed deer from this geographic region.

PMID- 4032625
TI  - Factors affecting transmission of larval winter ticks, Dermacentor albipictus
      (Packard), to moose, Alces alces L., in Alberta, Canada.
AB  - The larval stage of the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus, was studied under
      field conditions in central Alberta, Canada. Larvae ascended vegetation in
      autumn, possibly in response to photoperiod. Numbers found by flagging increased
      from early September to early October and decreased gradually to zero by
      December. Larvae clumped on the tips of vegetation approximately 1-1.5 m off the
      ground, and did not exhibit a diurnal, vertical migration. Activity was
      temperature dependent and no obvious preference of vegetation species for
      ascension was detected. Transmission of larvae to moose was probably facilitated
      by synchrony of the larval activity period with the moose breeding season in
      autumn.

PMID- 4032626
TI  - Effects of fluoride ingestion on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).
AB  - The effects of the addition of 25 or 50 ppm fluoride (F), as sodium fluoride
      (NaF), to the rations of 5-mo-old male white-tailed deer were similar to those
      observed in domestic cattle fed similar amounts of fluoride. The ingestion of 50
      ppm F for 2 yr resulted in the accumulation of over 7,000 ppm F in bone ash.
      Accumulation of fluoride in antlers was extensive and occurred more rapidly than
      in skeletal tissue. Fluoride ingestion resulted in lesions on the developing
      incisors that were similar, but not identical to those seen in other species.
      Increased molar wear in the deer fed 50 ppm F was minimal, and no gross pathology
      of the mandible was observed. Only mild hyperostosis of the long bones was
      evident.

PMID- 4032627
TI  - Heavy metals in white-tailed deer living near a zinc smelter in Pennsylvania.
AB  - White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann) shot within 20 km of the
      zinc smelters in the Palmerton, Pennsylvania area contained extremely high renal
      concentrations of cadmium (372 ppm dry weight (dw] and zinc (600 ppm dw). The
      deer with the highest renal zinc concentration was shot 4 km from the smelters
      and had joint lesions similar to those seen in zinc-poisoned horses from the same
      area. The highest concentrations of lead in both hard and soft tissues were
      relatively low, 10.9 ppm dw in a sample of teeth, 17.4 ppm dw in a metacarpus,
      and 4.9 ppm dw in a kidney.

PMID- 4032628
TI  - Rabies virus in salivary glands of raccoons (Procyon lotor).

PMID- 4032629
TI  - Mycotic pneumonia and meningoencephalitis due to Aspergillus terreus in a
      neonatal snow leopard (Panthera uncia).

PMID- 4032631
TI  - Experimental coccidiosis (Isospora suis) in a litter of feral piglets.

PMID- 4032630
TI  - Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis) in the collared peccary (Tayassu
      tajacu: Tayassuidae) in Texas.

PMID- 4032632
TI  - Larval cestodes (Mesocestoides sp.) in the liver of the island night lizard,
      Xantusia riversiana.

PMID- 4032633
TI  - Leeches on freshwater farmed fishes in Iraq.

PMID- 4032634
TI  - An evaluation of burning for control of winter ticks, Dermacentor albipictus, in
      central Alberta.

PMID- 4032635
TI  - Parasitic arthropods of wood ducks, Aix sponsa L., in the Atlantic Flyway.

PMID- 4032636
TI  - Famphur toxicosis in a bald eagle.

PMID- 4032637
TI  - Thyroid adenoma and ovarian luteinization in an aged fisher (Martes pennanti).

PMID- 4032638
TI  - Papillomatous lesions in wild juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in New
      Brunswick, Canada.

PMID- 4032639
TI  - Fatal trauma caused by a deterrent device for bears.

PMID- 4032640
TI  - Hemoglobin interference in the direct determination of erythrocyte protoporphyrin
      concentrations for monitoring lead intoxication of waterfowl.

PMID- 4032641
TI  - Ethical considerations in research on wildlife diseases.

PMID- 4032642
TI  - Risk assessment, management addressed at "Prevention 85".

PMID- 4032643
TI  - "Heart at Work" campaign encourages healthier living.

PMID- 4032644
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Education and foster care of children infected with human T
      lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus.

PMID- 4032645
TI  - Re: Efficacy of influenza vaccine.

PMID- 4032646
TI  - Labetalol for hypertension.

PMID- 4032647
TI  - Tolerance to oxprenolol.

PMID- 4032648
TI  - President's address. Weathering the storm.

PMID- 4032649
TI  - Progress in the surgical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Initial experience of
      90 patients.
AB  - Between 1981 and 1985, ninety patients were treated surgically for cardiac
      arrhythmias and have been followed for a mean interval of 21 months (range, one
      to 49 months). Follow-up is 100% complete. Fifty accessory pathways were divided
      in 35 patients (25 male and ten female; mean age, 35.2 years; range, 10 to 72
      years), with no deaths. Five females, aged 10 to 35 years, were treated for focal
      atrial tachycardia, three for an atrial focus alone, and two with other
      arrhythmia procedures; four were cured and one was improved. Two patients (one
      man and one woman, both aged 33 years) had ablation of the atrioventricular node.
      Forty-one patients (32 male and nine female; average age, 56.9 years; range, 15
      to 74 years) had ablation of ventricular tachycardia. Kent bundle division and
      focal atrial tachycardia ablation were also performed in two of these patients.
      More than 80% of patients had coronary disease. Mean preoperative ejection
      fraction was 33.9% with a range of 14% to 65%. Aneurysmectomy, endocardial
      resection, cryoablation, and coronary artery bypass were the procedures used. The
      perioperative mortality rate was 9.8% but there were no deaths in the last 23
      patients. Ventricular tachycardia was abolished in all but three survivors in
      whom medical treatment is now effective. The automatic implantable defibrillator
      was implanted in 11 patients, with no surgical deaths. These results confirm the
      feasibility of relieving a variety of serious arrhythmias by surgical
      intervention.

PMID- 4032650
TI  - Predictors of low and very low birth weight and the relation of these to cerebral
      palsy.
AB  - In a large prospective study, we investigated predictors of moderately low (1,501
      to 2,500 g) and very low (less than 1,501 g) birth weight. Maternal age, height,
      and socioeconomic status, related to moderately low birth weight on univariate
      analysis, were not on multivariate analysis significant predictors for either low
      birth-weight outcome. The leading predictors of very low birth weight were low
      weight (less than 2,000 g) of last live birth, fetal malformation, nonwhite race,
      early vaginal bleeding, cigarette smoking, and chorionitis. Some of these were
      also predictors of moderately low birth weight. About 20% of births under 1,501 g
      could be attributed to chorionitis, a characteristic of less than 3% of the
      births. Of the major predictors of low birth weight, only prolonged rupture of
      membranes, chorionitis, and congenital malformations contributed to the risk of
      cerebral palsy beyond their contribution to the risk of low birth weight.

PMID- 4032651
TI  - Screening procedures in the asymptomatic adult. Comparison of physicians'
      recommendations, patients' desires, published guidelines, and actual practice.
AB  - To assess attitudes and practices regarding screening tests and preventive
      procedures, we surveyed 83 physicians in a hospital-based ambulatory care
      practice and compared their recommendations with the recommendations in published
      guidelines, the desires of 188 of their own patients, and the physicians' actual
      practice patterns on the surveyed patients. The surveyed physicians recommended
      screening procedures more frequently than the published guidelines in 48
      situations and less frequently in 18 situations. Physicians at earlier levels of
      training tended to recommend more procedures than those who had completed
      training. Patients desired far more frequent screening than recommended either by
      their physicians or by the published guidelines. Physicians did not live up to
      their own recommendations for four of 14 procedures or to published guidelines
      for five of 14 procedures, with such failure occurring principally in situations
      where the test or procedure would normally be done personally by the physician.

PMID- 4032653
TI  - Life-threatening complications of sickle cell disease in children.

PMID- 4032652
TI  - Nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain in an elderly diabetic.

PMID- 4032654
TI  - Multiphasic screening: panacea or diagnostic nightmare?

PMID- 4032655
TI  - Medical education in the United States 1984-1985.

PMID- 4032656
TI  - 85th annual report on medical education in the United States. Executive summary.

PMID- 4032657
TI  - Recent events of special interest to medical education.

PMID- 4032658
TI  - Undergraduate medical education.
AB  - There were 35,944 applicants for the 1984-1985 year in US medical schools. Of
      this number, 17,194 were accepted by at least one school. First-year enrollment
      equaled 16,992. Be-accepted by at least one school. First-year enrollment equaled
      16,992. Because some students were repeating the first year, the number of first
      time enrolled students was 16,459. This represents a decrease of 113 from the
      previous year. The number of students enrolled in 127 US medical schools in 1984
      1985 was 67,090; of this number, 21,287 (31.7%) were women. The estimated number
      of graduates in 1984-1985 was 16,347. The total enrollment of students of
      minority groups was 10,552 (15.7%), of which 3,663 (5.5%) were black not of
      Hispanic origin. The number of full-time medical school faculty was 58,767,
      another 123,002 were part-time or volunteer faculty. Medical school faculties
      also have teaching responsibility for a variety of other students, in addition to
      patient care and research responsibility. The average time needed to complete the
      curriculum requirements leading to the MD degree is 153 weeks. Twenty-one medical
      schools offered a combined college-medical school program. The length of these
      combined programs averaged 262 weeks. Ninety-six percent of students entering
      medical school in 1984-1985 had completed at least four years of college. More
      than two fifths of students had a premedical GPA of 3.6 or higher.

PMID- 4032659
TI  - US medical school finances.

PMID- 4032660
TI  - Continuing medical education.

PMID- 4032661
TI  - Allied health education and accreditation.

PMID- 4032663
TI  - Medical schools in Canada.

PMID- 4032662
TI  - Medical schools in the United States.

PMID- 4032664
TI  - Allied health education.

PMID- 4032665
TI  - New U of I eye center becomes Lions' pride.

PMID- 4032666
TI  - Botulinum toxin may help blepharospasm sufferers.

PMID- 4032667
TI  - Registry pools reports on ocular side effects.

PMID- 4032668
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Oral viral lesion (hairy leukoplakia) associated with
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4032669
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Status of the 1990 physical fitness and exercise objectives.

PMID- 4032670
TI  - Vitamin D and hypercalcemia.

PMID- 4032671
TI  - Differentiating cervical lipomas from thyroid nodules.

PMID- 4032672
TI  - Turtleneck turns.

PMID- 4032673
TI  - Anisocoria from scopolamine patches.

PMID- 4032674
TI  - Sniffing up trouble: inhalation of volatile substances.

PMID- 4032675
TI  - Syphilis in the elderly.

PMID- 4032676
TI  - Routine urinalysis: is the dipstick enough?

PMID- 4032677
TI  - False-positive hematuria.

PMID- 4032678
TI  - Cardiac complications following tricyclic antidepressant overdose. Issues for
      monitoring policy.
AB  - Thousands of people in the United States poison themselves with tricyclic
      antidepressants each year. While these patients often require cardiac monitoring
      for potential arrhythmias, clinical practice is highly variable in regard to the
      hours of monitoring required. Clarification of this issue is important because of
      the impact on resources. This study retrospectively reviews the monitoring
      practices and cardiac complications following tricyclic antidepressant overdose
      in 75 adults. The patients received an average of 61.7 hours of monitoring. The
      vast majority of electrocardiographic changes, including three cardiac arrests,
      appeared within the first 24 hours. No patient with a normal level of
      consciousness and a normal electrocardiogram for 24 hours went on to develop any
      significant arrhythmia. On the basis of these data and an extensive literature
      review, we propose that current guidelines for cardiac monitoring following
      tricyclic antidepressant overdose be reconsidered.

PMID- 4032679
TI  - Screening for hypothermia in the ambulatory elderly. The Maine experience.
AB  - This study investigated the prevalence of low body temperatures in 97 elderly and
      20 nonelderly subjects. To the best of our knowledge, no earlier survey has been
      conducted with a North American population. To ensure comparability with the
      British National Survey performed in 1973, urine temperatures were collected as a
      proxy measure of core temperatures. The urine-collecting funnel was modified to
      minimize cooling artifact introduced by the device. Study subjects were selected
      from an internal medicine clinic that serves the poor, a federally subsidized
      housing project, and a subsidized housing project in northernmost Maine. A
      youthful population (mean age, 32.3 years) was chosen to provide a comparative
      population to elderly participants (mean age, 73.9 years). Based on the British
      National Survey, the expected prevalence of low body temperatures (less than 35.5
      degrees C) was 10%. The present study detected no low body temperatures, and the
      average urine and mouth temperatures were 0.3 and 0.19 degree C warmer,
      respectively, than those in the British National Survey. Youthful subjects were
      not significantly different from elderly participants. There appears to be no
      evidence from this study that low early-morning basal body temperature (less than
      35.5 degrees C) is a common geriatric occurrence in ambient room temperature.

PMID- 4032680
TI  - How many doctors do we need? The tenth annual Duke Private Sector Conference.

PMID- 4032681
TI  - Righting medical writing.

PMID- 4032682
TI  - Nitrogen versus muscle calcium in the genesis of abnormal muscle function in
      malnutrition.

PMID- 4032683
TI  - Elimination of lipofundin S during the intravenous fat tolerance test in patients
      with low, medium, and high fasting triglyceride concentrations.
AB  - The intravenous fat tolerance test with Lipofundin S (0.5 ml of 20% emulsion/kg
      body weight) was performed in 22 male nondiabetic patients. According to their
      fasting triglycerides (TG), the patients were arranged into three groups: low
      (less than 2.8 mmol/liter), medium (2.8-5.7 mmol/liter), and high (greater than
      5.7 mmol/liter) concentrations. Fractional elimination rates of injected
      Lipofundin S decreased from 11.08 in low TG to 4.57%/min in high TG; they were
      positively correlated with fasting levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      but negatively with those of TG. The same pattern of correlations was observed
      with fractional catabolic rates of endogenous TG as measured after injection of
      tritium-labeled glycerol. The intravenous Lipofundin S load effected transient TG
      and free fatty acid elevations which were delayed in high TG. The elimination
      mechanisms of injected Lipofundin S and of endogenous TG are compared.

PMID- 4032684
TI  - A technique for tunneling central venous catheters.
AB  - Tunneling the central venous catheter from the venous insertion site in the
      subclavicular or cervical area to the exit site on the chest wall can be
      difficult, especially in small children with a very convex chest wall. We present
      a technique which avoids many of the problems encountered with previously
      described methods.

PMID- 4032685
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias late after aortic and/or mitral valve replacement.
AB  - Since it is not yet known whether ventricular arrhythmias in patients with valve
      replacement are associated with an increased risk of sudden death, as in patients
      with coronary artery disease, a total of 46 patients who were long-term survivors
      of aortic and/or mitral valve replacement were examined with 24-hour ambulatory
      electrocardiographic monitoring, and the factors influencing the occurrence of
      ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed. The significance of ventricular
      arrhythmias in the prognosis of valve replacement is discussed. The occurrence of
      ventricular arrhythmias was significantly higher: 1) in patients with aortic
      stenosis than in those with aortic regurgitation, 2) in patients with multiple
      valve surgery than in those with single valve replacement and 3) in patients with
      larger heart size. Pre- and postoperative hemodynamics, including left
      ventricular function, were not significantly related to the incidence of
      ventricular arrhythmias. A review of the patients who died suddenly, late after
      valve replacement suggests that frequent ventricular arrhythmias and
      thromboembolism are the most important factors in the late mortality of these
      patients. The prognostic significance of postoperative ventricular arrhythmias in
      patients with valve replacement requires additional study.

PMID- 4032686
TI  - Macroscopic hemorrhagic infarction following selective coronary thrombolysis in
      acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Macroscopic hemorrhagic infarction was studied in 14 autopsied hearts with
      selective coronary thrombolysis (SCT) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In
      all patients urokinase, 240,000 - 720,000 units, had been selectively injected
      into ischemia-related coronary artery at 2 - 7 hours after the onset of AMI. The
      degree of stenosis after SCT was 90 - 99% in 13 patients and 100% in one patient.
      According to the duration of illness at death, the 14 patients were classified
      into 3 stages; stage I: 4 - 9 hours; stage II: 15 hours to 11 days; stage III: 19
      days to 12 months. Three hearts in stage I had no macroscopic hemorrhage. In
      stage II, marked and diffuse hemorrhage in the infarct area was macroscopically
      evident in 6 of 7 hearts. In a stage II patient, extravasation of contrast medium
      into the myocardium was found at 3 hours after the onset of AMI. In stage III, 4
      hearts had massive fibrosis or granulation in the left ventricular wall without
      macroscopic hemorrhage. Cardiac rupture was seen in 4 of 10 patients from stages
      I and II. It is concluded that macroscopic bleeding appears in most patients with
      AMI treated with coronary thrombolysis. In the majority of cases, the hemorrhage
      increases gradually after SCT and becomes macroscopically definite approximately
      15 hours after the onset of AMI. Rarely, massive bleeding appears earlier.
      Hemorrhagic infarction is replaced by massive fibrosis after approximately 2
      weeks.

PMID- 4032687
TI  - [Effect of nicardipine on airway dynamics during general anesthesia].

PMID- 4032688
TI  - [In vivo time lag and response time of transcutaneous oxygen monitoring].

PMID- 4032689
TI  - [Hematological changes in open heart surgery, with special reference to
      hypothermic anesthesia].

PMID- 4032690
TI  - [Changes in canine intrahepatic blood flow distribution under inhalational
      anesthetics].

PMID- 4032691
TI  - [Metabolic and endocrine responses to anesthesia and surgery during trimetaphan
      infusion].

PMID- 4032692
TI  - [Antihypertensive effect of nasal nifedipine and its plasma concentration during
      anesthesia and surgery].

PMID- 4032693
TI  - [Hemodynamic response to infrarenal aortic clamping and declamping and graphical
      analysis of ventricular functions].

PMID- 4032694
TI  - [Hormonal response to infrarenal aortic cross-clamping and declamping].

PMID- 4032695
TI  - [Side effects of epidural morphine with special reference to age and sex].

PMID- 4032696
TI  - [The maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) in oral surgery].

PMID- 4032697
TI  - [Anesthesia for a patient with myotonic dystrophy].

PMID- 4032698
TI  - [Anesthesia for a patient with Holt-Oram syndrome].

PMID- 4032699
TI  - [Neuromuscular blocking action of trimethaphan camsylate and cholinesterase].

PMID- 4032700
TI  - [The need for nitrous oxide anesthesia--a questionnaire].

PMID- 4032701
TI  - [Isoflurane (Forane), a new inhalation anesthetic agent].

PMID- 4032703
TI  - [Changes in acid-base balance in arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      during hypothermia anesthesia].

PMID- 4032702
TI  - [Effect of increased intracranial pressure on coronary circulation].

PMID- 4032704
TI  - [The decrease in cardiac output by the continuous administration of calcium
      chloride after hemorrhagic shock].

PMID- 4032705
TI  - [The effects of preanesthetic intramuscular ranitidine on the volume of gastric
      aspirates and the pH in emergency patients].

PMID- 4032706
TI  - [The information management of anaesthesia for patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      by using a microcomputer].

PMID- 4032707
TI  - [A case of malignant hyperthermia; successful treatment with intravenous
      dantrolene sodium].

PMID- 4032708
TI  - [Anesthetic management of a patient with Dejerine-Sottas disease].

PMID- 4032709
TI  - [Anesthetic management of a patient with congenital bronchobiliary fistula].

PMID- 4032710
TI  - [Usefulness of the Swan-Ganz pacing thermodilution catheter for patients with
      cardiac disease].

PMID- 4032711
TI  - [Cryoanalgesia for postthoracotomy pain].

PMID- 4032712
TI  - [The hematological and immunological effects of platelet concentrate transfusions
      on surgical patients in platelet depleted states].

PMID- 4032713
TI  - [Postoperative blood coagulation disorders and their management].

PMID- 4032714
TI  - [Phase I clinical studies of S6472 (sustained release preparations of cefaclor)].
AB  - Current (regular) preparation of cefaclor (CCL) require the 3-time-a-day
      administration. S6472 (sustained release preparation) which can be used with the
      twice-a-day administration in the morning and the evening is capsule and granule
      preparations consisting of 40% of nonenteric and 60% of enteric coated granules
      of CCL. Phase I clinical studies of S6472 were conducted in 12 nonfasted healthy
      adult male volunteers with cross over method using a single dose of 375 mg in
      capsule and granule forms of S6472, and 250 mg in capsule form of regular CCL as
      a control drug. The volunteers received the 3 preparations at 1-week interval.
      The summary of the results from the above studies is as follows: Grouping of the
      volunteers. The 12 volunteers were divided into 3 groups (each group consists of
      4 volunteers) and there were no significant differences between each group
      regarding background factors of the volunteers. Tolerance. None of the volunteers
      who received the 3 preparations at 1-week interval complained of subjective
      abnormalities. No abnormalities which are considered to be due to S6472 and
      regular CCL were found in the clinical laboratory tests carried out before the
      administration and 1 week after the completion of the studies. Plasma level.
      There were no significant differences between capsule and granule forms of S6472
      regarding Cmax and AUC, and it was confirmed that bioavailability of both
      preparations was the same. It was also confirmed that plasma levels of the 2
      preparations of S6472 were maintained for longer period of time than those of
      regular CCL. Urinary excretion. Mean urine levels of the 2 preparations of S6472
      every 2 hours after the administration were confirmed to be maintained for longer
      period of time than those of regular CCL. There were no significant differences
      between the 2 preparations of S6472 regarding urinary recovery rate. However, the
      significant differences between the 2 preparations of S6472 and regular CCL were
      observed. Urinary recovery rate of the 2 preparations of S6472 was 87
      approximately 88% of that of regular CCL.

PMID- 4032715
TI  - [Absorption and excretion studies of S6472 (sustained release preparations of
      cefaclor)].
AB  - In order to see absorption and excretion of S6472 (sustained release preparations
      of cefaclor (CCL], 3 studies regarding, 1) influence of meals (single dose of 375
      mg in capsule form), 2) dose response (single dose of 375 mg vs. 750 mg in
      granule form) and 3) continuous administration (twice-a-day administration of 750
      mg in granule form for 8 days) were conducted in 15 healthy adult male volunteers
      using capsule and granule forms of S6472. The following is the summary of the
      results from the above studies: Tolerance. In the above 3 studies, none of the 15
      volunteers complained of subjective abnormalities. In the clinical laboratory
      tests performed before the administration of S6472 and at the next day of the
      completion of the studies, the values from the laboratory tests were within
      normal range. Influence of meals. The average time for peak plasma level of CCL
      and decrease in the plasma level following the administration of S6472 were the
      fastest in the fasted volunteers, followed by the volunteers with light meals and
      usual meals. From this, it was confirmed that plasma levels of CCL were
      maintained for longer period of time in the non-fasted volunteers than in the
      fasted volunteers. In the volunteers who had light and usual meals, the peak
      plasma levels, AUC of the plasma levels and urinary recovery rate were almost the
      same. Influence by amount of meals was scarcely observed. Dose response. Mean
      serum levels and their AUC in the volunteers receiving 750 mg of S6472 were
      approximately twice as much as those in the volunteers receiving 375 mg of S6472,
      and dose response between the 2 doses was confirmed. Continuous administration.
      Mean serum levels and their AUC at the first dose and the 15th dose (final dose)
      were almost the same. In the continuous administration of S6472 for 8 days (15
      doses), no accumulation of CCL in the body was observed.

PMID- 4032716
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of cefpimizole in obstetrics and gynecology].
AB  - The findings from recent fundamental and clinical studies of the efficacy of
      cefpimizole (AC-1370) in obstetrics and gynecology are reported in this paper.
      The AC-1370 concentrations in genital tissues sampled 30 to 56 minutes (a mean of
      41.4 minutes) after intravenous injection of 1 g of the drug were 14 to 76
      micrograms/g (a mean of 32.4 micrograms/g). The mean transfer ratios of the drug
      into the genital tissues to the concentration in the uterine arterial blood were
      such that the transfer ratio into the portio vaginalis was the highest, followed
      by the uterine cervix and the myometrium, and that into the oviduct was the
      lowest with about 1/2 that into the portio vaginalis. The concentration in the
      antecubital venous blood and that in the uterine arterial blood remained similar
      for all patients. The transfer of AC-1370 into the pelvic dead space exudate
      reached a peak (49.5 micrograms/ml) 1 hour, and also a peak (49.8 micrograms/ml)
      2 hours after the intravenous injection. It then decreased gradually, but
      remained high, being higher than that in the antecubital venous blood about 50
      minutes after the intravenous injection. Ten patients with infections in
      gynecology were treated with 1.0 to 4.0 g daily of AC-1370, to a total dose of 6
      to 52 g, over a period of 3 to 13 days. One of them showed excellent response, 8
      showed moderate response, and another showed poor response to the treatment: in
      other words, a response rate of 90% was achieved. Bacteriologically, pathogens
      were eradicated from 3 and decreased in 3, and microbial substitution occurred in
      another patient. No side effects of the drug were observed except for eruption in
      1 patient. None of the 10 patients showed any abnormalities in laboratory
      findings. From the present fundamental and clinical studies of AC-1370, we have
      drawn the conclusion that the drug is one of extremely useful antibiotics in the
      treatment of infections in obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 4032717
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpimizole in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Cefpimizole (AC-1370), a new cephem antibiotic, was studied in the field of
      obstetrics and gynecology, fundamentally and clinically. And the following
      results were obtained. The concentrations of the drug in uterine arterial and
      cubital venous blood, and internal genital organs following intravenous drip
      infusion were measured. The results demonstrated favourable transfer of the drug
      into the various internal genital organs. Four patients with obstetric and
      gynecological infections were treated with AC-1370. The therapeutic results were
      good in 3, and poor in 1 case, therefore the effective rate was 75%. No side
      effects were noted in any cases, but the severe eosinophilia (37%) was found in 1
      patient. It is therefore presumed that AC-1370 is a useful drug for infectious
      diseases in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 4032718
TI  - Clinical study of cefpimizole in obstetric and gynecologic infections.
AB  - The use of cefpimizole (AC-1370) in 11 patients with a variety of obstetric and
      gynecologic infections was studied. Although the activity of AC-1370 was found in
      vitro less eminent than those of currently employed antibiotic regimens, the
      overall clinical response was 82%. No side effects were found.

PMID- 4032719
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefoperazone in pediatrics, with special
      reference to renal toxicity].
AB  - Fundamental, clinical studies on cefoperazone (CPZ), a new synthetic antibiotic
      of cephalosporins was conducted to obtain results as follows. This preparation,
      11.4-50 mg/kg was administered to 11 cases of children by intravenous drip
      infusion for 30 minutes, and serum levels were studied. The highest serum level
      at the completion of infusion was 40.0-138.0 mcg/ml. A dose response was
      observed. The half-life in serum averaged 1.55 hours except 2.4 hours observed
      with 1 case of liver dysfunction. When the urinary excretion during 30 minutes
      drip infusion was examined, the urinary recovery rate at 0-6 hours in 2 cases of
      children averaged 17.2% and was low at 5.3% in 1 case of membranoproliferative
      glomerulonephritis. In terms of the clinical effect on bacterial infections in
      pediatric field, CPZ proved effective in all of the 21 cases in which it was used
      alone. And it showed an excellent antibacterial activity against all the bacteria
      isolated from cases used as the subjects. When side effects were studied,
      diarrhea and slight impairment of the liver were observed, but all were
      transient. As a result of a study on the renal toxicity of CPZ, CPZ was deemed as
      being a drug which hardly causes disturbance of renal tubules judging from the
      aspect of the beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in urine and variations in
      the urine beta 2-microglobulin levels.

PMID- 4032720
TI  - [Clinical studies of intravenous drip infusion of micronomicin. 1.
      Pharmacokinetics (Part 2). Intravenous Micronomicin Research Group].
AB  - Following the previous report on pharmacokinetics of micronomicin (MCR) in
      healthy volunteers, pharmacokinetic studies were made again in patients with
      different degree of renal impairment, and a nomogram was obtained. MCR at a dose
      of 60 mg/time was given by 1-hour drip infusion to 14 inpatients who consented to
      receive MCR (age: 35 to 84 years, Ccr: 17.96 to 104.35 ml/min). The blood
      collection was performed in accordance with the schedule made upon the degree of
      renal impairment, and the serum concentration was determined by HPLC method. The
      results were analyzed by MULT program using two- or one-compartment open model.
      The serum concentration (Cmax) just after administration of MCR was 5.8 +/- 0.9
      microgram/ml (mean +/- S.D.). The biological half-life was 1.81 to 12.35 hours.
      Taking the above results into consideration together with the previous ones of
      healthy males, the following correlation was obtained between the elimination
      constant (Kel or beta) and Ccr calculated from S-Cr.: Kel or beta = 0.0038 X Ccr 
      0.0097. Further, no side effect was observed in these studies. Elimination of
      MCR from blood was dependent on renal function like other aminoglycosides, and so
      it was possible to estimate the elimination constant from Ccr. From these
      results, a nomogram for the optimum dosage regimen of MCR was obtained.

PMID- 4032721
TI  - [Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of bacmecillinam. I.
      Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 14C-bacmecillinam following
      oral administration to rats].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of bacmecillinam (KW-1100), a new semisynthetic penicillin,
      was studied. Plasma levels, tissue distribution, metabolites and urinary and
      biliary excretion of mecillinam after oral administration of KW-1100 were studied
      in rats given a dose of 20 mg/kg (as mecillinam). The absorption of 14C-KW-1100
      was so rapid that the level in blood was found to reach the peak 30 minutes after
      administration. 14C-KW-1100 was distributed widely into various tissues and
      relatively high distribution was noted in liver, kidney, adrenal gland and
      spleen. No accumulation of 14C-KW-1100 in any tissue was found. It was excreted
      rapidly from each tissue. Within 24 hours after administration of KW-1100,
      approximately 86% of the given dose was excreted. And within 72 hours,
      approximately 97% of the dose was excreted. Excretions in urine and feces within
      72 hours after KW-1100 administration were 39.5 and 57.4% of the given dose,
      respectively. Biliary excretion was 2.0% of the given dose within 24 hours after
      administration of KW-1100. The major metabolite in the plasma at peak time (30
      minutes) was mecillinam (50.5%). The major metabolite in the urine (0
      approximately 8 hours) was mecillinam (52.2%), too. The minor metabolites were
      5,5-dimethyl-2-(1'-formamidomethyl)-thiazolidine-1',4-dicarboxylat e(M-1), 6-beta
      [(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)-methyleneamino]-penicilloic acid (M-6) and M-4.

PMID- 4032722
TI  - [Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of bacmecillinam. II. The
      placental transfer and transition into milk of 14C-bacmecillinam].
AB  - The placental transfer and transition into milk of bacmecillinam (KW-1100), a new
      semisynthetic penicillin, have been studied with 14C-KW-1100 administered orally
      in the pregnant and lactating rats, respectively. The level of 14C-KW-1100 in the
      umbilical cord blood was 7.2% of the peak maternal blood level and the
      radioactivity was eliminated slowly. At the peak fetus level (4 hours after
      administration), the radioactivity transferred into the fetuses was found to be
      0.01% of the dose. 14C-KW-1100 was distributed into the uterus, ovary, placenta
      and consistently into the fetal membrane. 14C-KW-1100 was excreted into milk
      slightly, and the concentration of radioactivity in milk did not exceed the
      maternal peak blood level.

PMID- 4032723
TI  - [Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of bacmecillinam. III.
      Absorption, metabolism and excretion of 14C-bacmecillinam following oral
      administration to dogs].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics (i.e., blood level, biological half-lives and excretion) of
      bacmecillinam (KW-1100) was investigated. KW-1100 was orally administered to dogs
      at the dose of 20 mg/kg (as mecillinam). Biological half-lives (radioactivity) of
      14C-KW-1100 in plasma were 1.2 hours (T1/2 alpha) and 52 hours (T1/2 beta). The
      Cmax and Tmax were 8.4 micrograms/ml and 2 hours. The biological half-life
      (microbiological activity) of KW-1100 in plasma was 0.9 hour. The Cmax and Tmax
      were 5.6 micrograms/ml and 1 hour. The urinary and fecal excretion of 14C-KW-1100
      were approximately 46% and 49% (0 approximately 72 hours), respectively. The
      major metabolites in the urine (0 approximately 8 hours) were mecillinam, 5,5
      dimethyl-2-(1'-formamidomethyl)-thiazolidine-1',4-dicarboxy lat e (M-1) and 6
      beta-[(hexahydro-1 H-azepin-1-yl)-methyleneamino]penicilloic acid (M-6), each
      distribution ratio of which was 57.2, 24.2 and 12.0% of the total radioactivity
      in the sample, respectively. The major metabolite in the plasma at peak time (2
      hours) was mecillinam (56.2%).

PMID- 4032724
TI  - [Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of bacmecillinam. IV.
      Metabolites of bacmecillinam in human urine].
AB  - Bacmecillinam (KW-1100) metabolites and their excretion in human urine were
      investigated in the 3 male volunteers. After administration of KW-1100 capsules
      containing 80 mg (2 X 40 mg) as mecillinam to men, the urine samples up to 8
      hours were collected for every 2 hours and analysed by high performance liquid
      chromatography and gas chromatography. The major metabolites in the human urine
      were mecillinam and 6-beta-[(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)-methyleneamino]
      penicilloic acid (M-6), and minor quantities of M-4 and M-1 were also detected as
      the metabolites. Total recoveries of administered dose for the 3 volunteers were
      approximately 62, 81 and 73%, respectively. And M-1 excretion rate was lower than
      that in the case of rats and dogs. Hexamethyleneimine (HMI) as metabolite from
      the side chain was detected.

PMID- 4032725
TI  - [Cefaclor dosage change with renal dysfunction].
AB  - Serum and/or urine levels of cefaclor (CCL) were studied in 4 patients during the
      therapy with CCL. In patients with severely impaired renal function, moderately
      higher serum and urine levels of CCL persisted, serum half-lives of CCL were
      moderately prolonged and urinary excretion of CCL slightly decreased. Although
      dosage modification of CCL is necessary in patients with renal dysfunction,
      multiple doses of 250 mg every 8 hours may be safe and effective even in patients
      with impaired renal function.

PMID- 4032726
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpimizole in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpimizole (AC-1370), a new cephalosporin
      derivative, in the field of obstetrics and gynecology have been investigated, and
      the following results were obtained. High concentrations of AC-1370 in internal
      genital organs were detected after intravenous administration of 1.0 g of AC
      1370. In the treatment of 14 cases of infection, the therapeutic effects were
      excellent or good in 11 cases and overall efficiency rate excluding 1 case with
      side effects was 84.6% (11/13). No serious side effect was observed except 1 case
      of nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 4032727
TI  - [Clinical efficacy of cefpimizole in inflammatory diseases in the field of
      gynecology].
AB  - Clinical study to evaluate the usefulness of cefpimizole (AC-1370) was made in
      the 6 patients with female genital organ infections. Two grams or 4 g of AC-1370
      was administered a day by intravenous drip infusion ranging from 5 to 18 days.
      Responses were excellent in 2 cases, good in 3 cases and poor in 1 case,
      parametritis after hysterectomy. The efficacy rate was 83%. Neither general side
      effect nor abnormal laboratory finding was observed. AC-1370 showed a
      satisfactory clinical efficacy in treatment of the infections in the field of
      gynecology, and it has been concluded that AC-1370 will be an useful antibiotic
      for these infections.

PMID- 4032728
TI  - [Evaluation of the clinical effect and tissue distribution of cefpimizole in the
      field of gynecology].
AB  - Cefpimizole (AC-1370) was administered to 5 cases with uterine myoma before
      hysterectomy, and tissue distribution was determined. AC-1370 was also
      administered to 5 cases with gynecological infections. The following results were
      obtained. One gram of AC-1370 was administered from 43 to 299 minutes before
      hysterectomy, tissue distribution of AC-1370, such as ovary, oviduct, myometrium,
      cervix uteri, and portio vaginalis was showed the highest level (30.0
      approximately 49.5 micrograms/g) at 43 minutes after administration, and these
      were 39.0 approximately 64.4% of the concentration in uterine arterial blood.
      Tissue concentration of AC-1370 was then gradually decreased following with the
      decreasing of the concentration in uterine arterial blood. AC-1370 was
      administered to 3 cases with pyometra, 1 case with Bartholin abscess, 1 case with
      adnexitis. The clinical efficacy was good in all 5 cases. Bacteriological study
      revealed that A. faecalis and E. coli were eradicated, but B. fragilis was
      persisted. No side effect was observed in all cases.

PMID- 4032729
TI  - [Application of cefpimizole in obstetrics and gynecology].
AB  - We made fundamental and clinical studies of a new cephalosporin derivative,
      cefpimizole (AC-1370). AC-1370 was relatively efficiently transferred into the
      uterine adnexa; in other words, it was as well transferred into the tissues as
      the other cephalosporin derivatives. There seemed to be no specific relation
      between its blood level and its level in any tissue. In 1 patient treated with AC
      1370 for postoperative infection, clinical findings, WBC and CRP improved: the
      drug was evaluated as effective. Neither hepatic nor renal function was impaired
      in the patients treated with AC-1370 in the fundamental and clinical studies of
      the drug.

PMID- 4032730
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on cefpimizole in the field of obstetrics
      and gynecology].
AB  - Cefpimizole (AC-1370), a new cephem antibiotic, was studied in the field of
      obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. The
      absorption and tissue penetration of AC-1370 into intrapelvic genital organs were
      good. The peak serum level in the uterine artery after an intravenous drip
      infusion for 30 minutes was 49.0 micrograms/ml. High concentrations were obtained
      also in genital organ tissues; the maximum concentrations were 24.4 approximately
      39.0 micrograms/g after an intravenous drip infusion. The changing patterns of
      the tissue concentrations were similar to those in the serum. The penetration of
      AC-1370 into intrapelvic dead space exudate was good. The level reached a peak of
      35 micrograms/ml at 2 approximately 4 hours after an intravenous drip infusion
      with 1 g and 3.7 micrograms/ml after 12 hours. AC-1370 was effective in 20 out of
      21 cases (95.2%) with gynecoobstetrical infections such as intrauterine,
      intrapelvic infection and mammitis, administered with 1 approximately 2 g twice a
      day. Few side effects were observed.

PMID- 4032731
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpimizole in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Cefpimizole (AC-1370) was studied for its transference into adnexa uteri and
      uterine tissues as well as for its effects and safety on gynecological
      infections. The results obtained are as follows: Peak levels of AC-1370 were
      obtained in the antecubital vein and uterine artery at 10 minutes, in the tissues
      of adnexa uteri and uteri about 30 minutes after one shot intravenous injection
      of AC-1370 1 g, and relatively high concentrations were maintained for several
      hours. In the treatment of 30 cases of gynecological infections, the clinical
      efficacy of AC-1370 was assessed as effective in all cases. As for the
      bacteriological effects of AC-1370, 77.6% of isolated organisms were eradicated
      and 90% of all cases were effective. Side effects and abnormal laboratory
      findings due to AC-1370 were not observed during and after administration.

PMID- 4032732
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of cefpimizole in the field of obstetric and
      gynecologic infections].
AB  - We made fundamental and clinical studies of a new cephalosporin derivative
      cefpimizole (AC-1370), and found the following. In 7 patients treated with AC
      1370 for the fundamental study of the drug, the blood level of the drug in the
      uterine artery scarcely differed from that in the elbow vein, and it decreased
      steadily with time. It remained to be 6.5 approximately 7.0 micrograms/ml 5 hours
      after intravenous injection of 1 g of the drug. The tissue-serum concentration
      ratio of the drug was 122 approximately 58% in the portio vaginalis where the
      drug was transferred at the highest level, and 56 approximately 114% in the
      oviduct where it was transferred at the lowest level; the mean level was 61.5%.
      The responses to AC-1370 of 10 patients with genital infections were excellent in
      1, good in 8 and poor in the other, with a response rate of 90%.
      Bacteriologically, pathogens were eradicated in 3, decreased in 2, and the
      response was unknown in the other 5. No side effects or abnormal laboratory
      findings were noted except for leukopenia in 1 patient.

PMID- 4032733
TI  - [Laboratory and clinical studies on cefpimizole in the field of gynecology].
AB  - Cefpimizole (AC-1370), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated for its
      distribution in uterine tissue, penetration into retroperitoneal exudate and
      therapeutical effects on some infections in gynecology. The following results
      were obtained; The levels of AC-1370 in the cubital vein were similar to those in
      the uterine artery and this remained in the course of examinations after an 1 g
      intravenous injection. Seven patients with gynecological infections received AC
      1370 by intravenous injection. The overall efficacy rate was 85.7%. No adverse
      reaction was observed in any of the cases treated with AC-1370, nor was there any
      marked changes in the laboratory findings.

PMID- 4032734
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of cefpimizole in obstetrics and gynecology].
AB  - Cefpimizole (AC-1370) concentrations in the pelvic dead space exudate were
      determined in patients under-going curative resection of carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix to study the transfer of the drug into the female genital organs, and the
      results were statistically analyzed, using the two-compartment model. When 1 g of
      AC-1370 was administered by intravenous drip infusion over 1 hour, the AC-1370
      concentration in the serum from the antecubital vein reached a level of 129.09
      micrograms/ml at 1 hour of intravenous drip infusion, and the AC-1370
      concentration in the pelvic dead space exudate reached a peak of 30.32
      micrograms/ml at 2.51 hours of intravenous drip infusion, and remained at not
      less than 12 micrograms/ml 8 hours after the beginning of the drip infusion, with
      the area under the curve (AUC) for the AC-1370 concentration in the pelvic dead
      space exudate being 213.66 micrograms X hr/ml. Seven patients with obstetrical
      and gynecological infections were treated with 1 g of AC-1370 by intravenous drip
      infusion over 1 hour, 2 approximately 3 times daily. Although the patients all
      had rather mild infections, the treatment was effective in all of them. The
      findings in this study proved a dose of 1 g of AC-1370 at a time to be
      sufficiently effective in mild cases, but in view of the transfer of the drug
      into tissues, it seemed necessary to administer 2 g of the drug at a time in
      severe cases.

PMID- 4032735
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpimizole in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpimizole (AC-1370), a new cephem
      antibiotic, were performed and the following results were obtained: Concentration
      of AC-1370 was examined in serum, internal genital organs and retroperitoneal
      fluid after single intravenous administration of 2.0 g dose. The venous serum
      level of AC-1370 was 243 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after the administration.
      The sufficient transfer of AC-1370 to internal genital organs and retroperitoneal
      fluid was recognized. In clinical trial, AC-1370 was given to 10 cases with
      obstetrical and gynecological infections. The efficacy was evaluated as good in 8
      cases and poor in 2 cases. No side effects were observed in any of the cases
      treated with AC-1370.

PMID- 4032736
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpimizole in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - The findings from fundamental and clinical studies on cefpimizole (AC-1370) in
      the treatment of infections in obstetrics and gynecology are reported. We
      investigated the transfer of AC-1370 into female genital tissues of 6 patients
      and the transfer of the drug into the pelvic dead space exudate in 9 patients by
      means of determining its concentrations in the tissues 90 to 210 minutes after
      the end of intravenous drip infusion of the drug over 1 hour. The mean
      concentration was 13.06 micrograms/g for the oviduct, 16.50 micrograms/g for the
      ovary, 16.50 micrograms/g for the endometrium, 14.92 micrograms/g for the
      myometrium, 16.58 micrograms/g for the uterine cervix, 17.75 micrograms/g for the
      portio vaginalis, 10.46 micrograms/ml for the uterine arterial serum and 9.91
      micrograms/ml for the antecubital venous serum. The drug proved to be well
      transferred into the pelvic dead space exudate; it reached a peak of mean 2 hours
      after the end of the intravenous drip infusion of the drug over 1 hour, then
      decreased steadily, and was found to be a mean of 16.7 micrograms/ml even 8 hours
      after the end of the intravenous drip infusion. Four patients with infections in
      obstetrics and gynecology were then treated with AC-1370. Three out of the 4
      patients responded to the treatment, while the response of another patient was
      unknown. None of the 4 patients showed any side effects of the drug or any
      abnormalities in laboratory findings.

PMID- 4032737
TI  - Normal vectorcardiographic parameters in infants and children.
AB  - Normal ranges of 32 parameters in vectorcardiography were determined in 200
      healthy infants and children. The subjects were divided into 5 groups and results
      were compared in each group. Significant differences were found in 11 parameters.
      The differences were associated with a physiologically prominent right
      ventricular load in younger age groups. Therefore, age should be considered in
      evaluation of vectorcardiography.

PMID- 4032738
TI  - Dipolarity and dipole location during QRS and T waves in normal men estimated
      from body surface potential distribution.
AB  - The dipolarity of the body surface potential distribution and the locus of the
      main dipole were estimated mathematically at 2 msec intervals in 27 normal men.
      The nondipolar content showed time-dependent fluctuation during the QRS. It
      increased sharply at early and later phases of the QRS. The main dipole moved
      smoothly within the actual cardiac region and was inscribed in a clockwise
      direction in most cases. The nondipolar content during the ST-T period was
      smaller and with less fluctuation than that during the QRS. The main dipole
      during the T wave moved less than 2 cm near the center of the heart. These
      results indicated that although a fairly large percentage of the body surface
      potential could be represented by a single moving dipole, the nondipolar content
      was larger during initial and late phases of the QRS. It was also suggested that
      the ventricular repolarization process can be better approximated by a single
      fixed dipole in normal men.

PMID- 4032739
TI  - A new indirect method for measurement of sinoatrial conduction time and sinus
      node return cycle.
AB  - We developed a new indirect method for the measurement of sinoatrial conduction
      time (SACT) and the sinus node return cycle (SRC) with a transvenous catheter
      technique. Two early premature stimuli, at intervals 50 msec longer than the
      effective refractory period (ERP), were given to the right atrium. These early
      stimuli were followed by eight constant stimuli. The interval of the constant
      stimuli was a little shorter than the basic cycle length (BCL). The return cycle
      A1Ar was measured and plotted on the abscissa; the next interval ArA3, was
      measured and plotted on the ordinate. This was called the "base point". A new
      stimulus, A2, was then added to the train of stimulations, first at a point
      simultaneous with Ar. It was then shifted toward the last constant stimulus at 10
      20 msec intervals until A2 met the ERP. The relationship between A1A2 and A2A3
      was obtained by the repetition of the procedures with various A1A2 intervals. It
      had two zones, compensatory and non-compensatory. We postulate that the
      atriosinus conduction time of the last of the eight stimuli was equal to that of
      A2 when the stimulus A2 first captured and reset the sinus nodal pacemaker cells,
      as indicated by the transition point of the two zones. Based on this supposition,
      SACT and SRC could be measured as the intervals from the base point to the
      transition point and from the transition point to the eighth stimulus,
      respectively.

PMID- 4032740
TI  - Assessment of the contribution of atrial systole to ventricular filling by
      cardiac pacing.
AB  - Analysis of beat to beat changes in left ventricular (LV) ejection time during
      cardiac pacing was utilized to assess the atrial contribution to ventricular
      filling in 30 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization.
      The group consisted of 9 normal subjects, 18 with coronary artery disease and 3
      with congestive cardiomyopathy. The recordings of aortic pressure were made
      during atrial pacing and ventricular pacing at a rate 5 to 10 beats/min above
      each individual's sinus rhythm. During ventricular pacing, LV ejection time was
      the longest when an atrial contraction preceded a ventricularly paced beat by a
      physiologic interval and was approximately similar to that obtained during atrial
      pacing (maxET). When the atrial systole occurred with or followed the
      ventricularly paced contraction, LV ejection time was decreased (minET). Since
      maxET occurred in the presence of an effective atrial contraction to ventricular
      filling and minET in the absence of this contraction, the atrial contribution to
      ventricular filling was calculated as (maxET-minET)/maxET X 100 (%). LV volumes
      at end-systole (V1), before atrial contraction (V2) and at end-diastole (V3) were
      obtained according to the area-length method by tracing the silhouette of left
      ventriculograms using a computer system. The atrial contribution was calculated
      from LV volumes using the formula (V3-V2)/(V3-V1) X 100 (%). There was a good
      correlation (r = 0.88) between the atrial contributions calculated from LV
      ejection times and those calculated from LV volumes. In the patients with
      coronary artery disease and with congestive cardiomyopathy, the atrial
      contribution was significantly greater than in the normal subjects. The
      measurement of LV ejection time during ventricular pacing may be a clinically
      useful screening procedure to identify patients in whom physiologic pacing may be
      indicated.

PMID- 4032741
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic method for the estimation of cardiac output
      independent of left ventricular geometry. Comparison with cardiac catheterization
      in mitral stenosis.
AB  - An hydraulic formula for the estimation of cardiac output independent of the
      geometric status of the left ventricle was studied by comparing the predictions
      based upon echographic and catheterization data with the results of the standard
      Fick principle method for cardiac output. The formula tested specifies cardiac
      output as Q = (1/21) RAT2, where Q is the cardiac output in ml, R is the heart
      rate, A is the mitral valve area in cm2 and T is the diastolic filling period in
      seconds per minute. Cardiac output estimated by this equation corresponds with
      cardiac output as determined by the Fick principle method at a level
      characterized by a correlation coefficient of r = 0.92 and a standard error of SE
      = 0.15 L/min for N = 26. The results suggest that the new expression may be
      useful for estimating cardiac output from echographic data.

PMID- 4032743
TI  - Evaluation of response to dopamine in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy by
      echocardiography and thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) underwent
      thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. Nine patients (group A) showed a perfusion
      defect in the interventricular septum (IVS) and 7 patients (group B) showed a
      defect in the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW). Hemodynamic responses and
      catecholamine levels were compared between 16 patients (DCM group) and 6 control
      subjects (control group) following dopamine infusion (6 micrograms/Kg/min). The
      end-diastolic thickness of the IVS and LVPW, and the percentage wall thickening
      were assessed by echocardiography. Plasma dopamine and norepinephrine
      concentrations in the DCM group were not different from those of the control
      group at rest. During the dopamine infusion, however, norepinephrine increased
      only in the control group. There were significant differences in the thickness of
      the IVS among the 3 groups [7.3 +/- 1.4 mm for group A (p less than 0.001 vs
      control and p less than 0.05 vs group B), 8.9 +/- 1.5 mm for group B (p less than
      0.01 vs control), 10.2 +/- 1.5 mm for the control group]. The percentage
      thickening of the IVS increased during the dopamine infusion in group B only and
      the thickening of the LVPW increased in group A only. Thus, in the myocardium of
      DCM patients with thallium perfusion defects, the degree of thickening did not
      change during dopamine infusion, but in the myocardium of DCM patients with
      normal thallium uptake the percentage thickening increased more than in the
      control group.

PMID- 4032742
TI  - Dual-frame image-freezing unit for two-dimensional echocardiography. Preliminary
      clinical report.
AB  - We developed a "dual-frame image-freezing unit", which enables acquisition of two
      stop-frame images of the two-dimensional echocardiogram at different points
      within one cardiac cycle. We assessed the clinical usefulness of this unit by
      estimating the left ventricular ejection fraction with apical biplane two
      dimensional echocardiography in 25 patients who underwent left ventricular
      biplane cineangiography. The unit functioned successfully in all instances. It
      was much easier to obtain the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic
      echocardiographic images than to obtain such images using conventional videotape
      play-back. The quality of the images obtained by this unit was better than those
      obtained from videotape play-back. The echocardiographic estimates of the left
      ventricular ejection fraction showed an excellent correlation with estimates
      obtained by contrast left ventricular cineangiography. We conclude that this dual
      frame image-freezing unit can be satisfactorily applied for the assessment of the
      left ventricular ejection fraction by two-dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 4032744
TI  - Early postoperative echocardiographic studies of atrial septal defects.
AB  - Fifteen consecutive adult patients with uncomplicated atrial septal defects (ASD)
      underwent echocardiographic examinations both before and 3-8 days (mean 7 days)
      after surgery to study the early postoperative changes in cardiac dimensions and
      interventricular septal motion. Echocardiographic analyses included patterns of
      interventricular septal motion, right and left ventricular dimensions at end
      diastole (RVDd & LVDd), aortic root dimension at end-diastole (ARDd) and left
      atrial dimension at end-systole (LADs). The results showed that the septal motion
      was abnormal in 87% (13/15) before and 40% (6/15) after operation. RVDd decreased
      from 36 +/- 7 mm to 27 +/- 7 mm (p less than 0.01) while LVDd increased from 33
      +/- 6 mm to 39 +/- 4 mm (p less than 0.01). There were no significant changes in
      LADs and ARDd after surgery. These observations suggest that in patients with ASD
      the ventricular dimensions and patterns of interventricular septal motion are
      changed significantly shortly after surgical repair.

PMID- 4032745
TI  - Radionuclide imaging for assessment of myocarditis and postmyocarditic state in
      infant and children. Thallium-201 myocardial imaging and technetium-99m-HSA gated
      equilibrium ventriculography.
AB  - T1-201 myocardial imaging and Tc-99m-HSA gated equilibrium ventriculography were
      performed in 1 infant and 11 children between 2 months old and 12 years old with
      myocarditis. The time of first evaluation was between 1 week and 13 months after
      the onset. Their clinical manifestations were congestive heart failure in 2
      patients, pericardial effusion in 2 patients, syncope in 1 patient, convulsions
      in 1 patient and palpitations in 7 patients. Significant elevation of virus
      antibody titer was demonstrated in 6 patients. A perfusion defect was observed
      with T1-201 imaging in 9 of 12 patients with myocarditis. A right ventricular
      image was observed in 5 patients. A reduced LVEF was present in 4 patients and a
      reduced RVEF was found in 2 patients. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 8
      patients and an endomyocardial biopsy was done in 7. The myocardial specimens
      revealed postmyocarditic pathological changes upon microscopic evaluation. No
      coronary artery obstructive or stenotic lesions were observed in these patients.
      T1-201 myocardial imaging is a useful non-invasive technique for evaluating the
      cardiac performance and myocardial damage in acute myocarditis and the
      postmyocarditic state. We conclude that T1-201 uptake of myocardium is dependent
      upon both regional coronary perfusion and the activity of myocardial cells in
      patients with myocarditis and in the postmyocarditic state.

PMID- 4032746
TI  - Right ventricular systolic and diastolic function at rest in patients with
      coronary artery disease. Assessment with equilibrium radionuclide
      ventriculography.
AB  - Right ventricular systolic and diastolic function was studied in patients with
      ischemic heart disease using equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. In
      patients with inferior myocardial infarction and proximal right coronary lesions,
      the right ventricular ejection fraction (0.43 +/- 0.06, n = 10, mean +/- SD) and
      peak filling rate (1.7 +/- 0.4 EDV/sec) were lower than normals (0.57 +/- 0.07
      and 2.7 +/- 0.4 EDV/sec, n = 10, p less than 0.001, respectively). In these
      patients, the right ventricular time to peak filling rate was longer than in
      normals (225 +/- 36 msec vs 136 +/- 45 msec, p less than 0.001), while the left
      ventricular ejection fraction remained normal. In patients with inferior
      myocardial infarction and distal right coronary lesions, the right ventricular
      ejection fraction, peak filling rate and time to peak filling rate were not
      different from those in normals. Even in patients with proximal right coronary
      lesions, the right ventricular ejection fraction was normal unless they had an
      inferior myocardial infarction. A decreased left ventricular ejection fraction
      and abnormal motion of the ventricular septum did not affect the right
      ventricular ejection fraction. The present results suggest that patients with an
      inferior myocardial infarction and proximal right coronary lesion often develop
      right ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction.

PMID- 4032747
TI  - Renal function in children after large dose contrast medium angiocardiography.
AB  - Serum creatinine and routine urinalysis were obtained and glomerular filtration
      rate estimated in 56 consecutive and hemodynamically stable children with
      congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization and
      angiocardiography, a day prior to, 1 and 7 days following the procedure. None had
      a history of renal disease. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I, 32
      patients who received less than 3 ml/Kg of Renagrafin 60 and Group II, 24
      patients who received greater than 3 ml/Kg. Despite a slight rise of creatinine
      on the first day, there were no statistically significant changes in serum
      creatinine or glomerular filtration rate for either group following the
      procedure. Occult blood was present in the urine of 2 in Group I and 1 in Group
      II prior to cardiac catheterization; this resolved in all cases after the
      procedure. Three patients in Group I and 1 in Group II developed transient trace
      proteinuria following the angiographic procedure. It is concluded that in
      children with congenital heart disease and normal kidney function, substantial
      doses of standard contrast medium administered during angiocardiography do not
      produce any apparent impairment of renal function.

PMID- 4032748
TI  - Intracardiac myxoma.
AB  - Six intracardiac myxomas and 2 thrombi were subjected to scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM). Surface morphology of myxomas was distinct from thrombi. The
      surface of myxoma was either smooth or thrown into projections which had a
      continuous endothelial lining. This was lacking in thrombi. Cut surface of myxoma
      revealed the presence of round to polyhedral cells having blunt villi and/or pit
      like depressions on their surface in a stroma of fibres, granular material and
      blood vessels. Thrombi were composed of blood elements enmeshed within fibres. No
      cells of the type encountered in myxomas were present.

PMID- 4032749
TI  - Long-term survival of cultured adult rat heart cells.
AB  - This paper reports several modifications of our previous culture method for adult
      rat heart cells. Mechanical separation of the cells at 12 rpm rather than 8 rpm
      doubled the number of beating cells in the final culture medium. A 60% Ficoll
      Paque solution was found to be optimal for exclusion of non-muscle cells such as
      endothelial cells and fibroblasts from the culture, followed by frequent medium
      exchange to eliminate traces of this reagent from culture medium. However, the
      presence of some non-muscle cells seemed to exert a positive effect on culture
      longevity. Eagle's MEM medium containing 20% FBS resulted in maximum (over 50
      days) survival of cultures.

PMID- 4032750
TI  - Sequence of electrophysiological property and metabolic disorder in ischemic
      myocardium.
AB  - The relationships of electrical changes to the time course of reduction in
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were examined in 41 dogs with coronary
      artery ligation and 14 control dogs. Twenty dogs with malignant ventricular
      arrhythmias within 10 min of ischemia (VA dogs) were characterized by widening of
      the composite electrogram duration (147 +/- 47 msec at 5 min). In contrast, the
      composite electrogram duration was narrower (71 +/- 12 msec at 5 min, p less than
      0.001) in 21 dogs without malignant arrhythmias (non-VA dogs). The degree of ATP
      reduction in VA dogs was significantly less at 3 min (3.11 +/- 0.28 mumol X g-1,
      p less than 0.05) and at 5 min (2.93 +/- 0.28 mumol X g-1, p less than 0.05) than
      in non-VA dogs (2.76 +/- 0.22 mumol X g-1, 2.39 +/- 0.44 mumol X g-1,
      respectively). The width of the electrograms in VA dogs decreased gradually after
      10 min of ischemia, and it was not significantly different from non-VA dogs by 13
      min, which coincided with disappearance of a difference in ATP content (2.10 +/-
      0.34 mumol X g-1 and 2.35 +/- 0.23 mumol X g-1 in VA dogs and non-VA dogs
      biopsied at 10-20 min of ischemia). It was concluded that the metabolic
      deterioration in VA dogs advanced more slowly than that in non-VA dogs within 5
      min of ischemia and the decrease in the width of the electrogram after 10 min did
      not result from a partial recovery of ischemia.

PMID- 4032751
TI  - [Clinical value of SCC-antigen, a subfraction of tumor antigen TA-4, in the
      management of cervical cancer].
AB  - The present study shows the clinical values of SCC-Antigen, a subfraction of TA
      4, for the management of squamous cell carcinoma. Serum SCC-Antigen levels of 2.0
      ng/ml was designated as the cut-off value. Serum antigen levels were positive in
      53.5% of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and the changes in serum antigen
      levels reflected the disease progress. The antigen was also positive in cancer of
      vagina, vulva, lung or esophagus. To detect the early cervical cancer, flow
      cytometric analysis of the exfoliative cells was conducted, using anti-TA-4
      serum, which was found to be particularly useful for the detection of early
      disease. It was concluded that the use of SCC-Antigen would be promising in
      clinical care.

PMID- 4032752
TI  - [CO2 laser in treating head and neck cancer].
AB  - CO2 laser is especially useful in treating cancer of tube- and cavity-organs. For
      carcinomas of the tongue, we have employed three types of laser usage. Carcinomas
      confined within the mucosa are treated by laser alone. For carcinomas invading
      the muscle to some extent, we make a mass reduction surgery by means of laser
      which is followed by (chemo)radiotherapy. Carcinomas with extensive muscular
      invasion are first treated with induction chemotherapy. If the chemotherapy is
      effective, we add laser surgery for the purpose of mass reduction and
      chemoradiotherapy follows. 26 patients were treated and none has developed local
      recurrence. For glottic carcinomas, we have applied laser in two ways: laser
      surgery alone and laser combined with (chemo)radiotherapy. We have treated 58
      patients with glottic carcinoma. 14 developed local recurrence. Of these 14, 13
      were successfully treated but the other died because he refused to have further
      treatment.

PMID- 4032753
TI  - [Treatment of neoplasms of the uterine cervix by CO2 laser].
AB  - CO2 evaporation was undertaken on 241 patients with cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia. The results obtained six weeks after the treatment revealed
      disappearance of 89.6% of the lesions, and the therapeutic results obtained one
      year after reirradiation were favorable; 97.5% of the lesions had disappeared.
      However, not a few patients have some neoplasms of the uterine cervix to which
      this therapy is not applicable. Therefore, conization was started for treatment
      combined with diagnosis by means of CO2 laser. The therapeutic effect has been
      studied in 64 patients to date. Five patients with carcinoma of stage Ia and four
      patients with endoepithelial carcinoma who had undergone hysterectomy after
      conization were examined for the presence or absence of residual lesions. The
      lesions had disappeared completely. The remaining 64 patients who had not
      undergone hysterectomy are now under follow-up study, and a residual lesion was
      observed in only one patient, suggesting the possibility of treating a large
      number of CIN patients by evaporation combined with conization.

PMID- 4032754
TI  - [Photodynamic therapy of superficial tumors and carcinoma in situ of the
      bladder].
AB  - Photodynamic therapy (PDT), in which hematoporphyrin derivative is activated by
      an argon-dye laser, was performed on 36 superficial tumors using a 400 micron
      quartz fiber and cystoscope (spot PDT), and also carried out in 7 patients with
      primary or secondary CIS, 9 patients with secondary CIS associated with TaTl
      tumors and 2 patients with multiple small tumors, using a motor-driven laser
      light scattering optic automatically controlled by a computer (total PDT). In
      spot PDT, for tumors up to 2 cm in size the light intensity should be 300 mW/cm2
      for 5 to 10 minutes or more. For the CIS therapy, the light dose used was 10 to
      30 Joules/cm2. There has been no recurrence at present in 8 of the 18 patients at
      a mean follow-up period of 6.6 months. The techniques and problems associated
      with total PDT are reported.

PMID- 4032755
TI  - [590-S].
AB  - 590-S (1-phthalidyl-5-fluorouracil) is a derivative of 5-fluorouracil and shows a
      several characteristics in experimental studies. That is, good absorption from
      the intestine, high blood levels of 5-fluorouracil, its rapid clearance, low
      toxicities, excellent tumor inhibition and broad anticancer spectrum, etc. From
      preliminary studies and phase I studies, MTD is thought to be 750-800 mg/m2 in
      daily administration. Mild G.I. toxicities was encountered in a few cases.
      However, CNS toxicities were not experienced in any of our cases.

PMID- 4032756
TI  - [SM-108].
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the available data on SM-108 (4
      carbamoylimidazolium 5-olate) with respect to its clinical usefulness, optimal
      method of administration, and side effects. Successful remission induction was
      achieved in atypical leukemia using low dose SM-108. To analyze the action of SM
      108, freshly isolated leukemic cells and cells from human leukemic cell line were
      cultured in the presence of SM-108. Minimal evidence of differentiation induction
      was observed. SM-108 in a higher dose, alone or in combination with other drugs
      was advocated for the treatment of adult ALL. Side effect including myelotoxicity
      and gastrointestinal toxicity was minimal.

PMID- 4032757
TI  - [The role of radiation therapy of diffuse large cell lymphoma localized in the
      head and neck].
AB  - Eighty-one patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma localized in the head and
      neck were treated with radiation between 1971 and 1981. Of these, 52 had
      Waldeyer's ring disease, 14 nodal, and 15 extranodal disease. Overall survival
      and relapse-free survival rates at five years after radiation therapy alone were
      69% and 52%, respectively. Five-year disease-free rates of patients with
      Waldeyer's ring disease were 91% in stage I, and 71% in stage II, which are much
      better than those of other extranodal and nodal diseases. According to mass size,
      the five-year relapse-free rate for the small-mass less than 5 cm in diameter
      group was much better (72%) than that for the large-mass group (29%).

PMID- 4032758
TI  - [The f-factor (fat infiltration) in breast cancer as a new indicator for
      predicting the occurrence of bone metastasis].
AB  - The correlation between tumor infiltration into extramammary fatty tissues (f
      factor) and bone metastasis was retrospectively analyzed in 117 patients with
      breast cancer. Five (10.6%) and 26 (37.1%) patients developed bone metastases
      among 47 f-negative and 70 f-positive subjects, respectively, and the frequency
      of bone metastasis was significantly higher in the f-positive than in the f
      negative group (p less than 0.005). Furthermore, bone metastasis was more
      frequent in the f-positive than in the f-negative group among patients of the
      same stages, lymph node involvements, or histological types. The f-factor was
      suggested to be a new indicator for predicting the occurrence of bone metastasis
      in breast cancer.

PMID- 4032759
TI  - [Clinicopathological study of a malignant lesion in the remnant stomach].
AB  - Thirty-six cases of malignant lesion in the remnant stomach were studied
      clinicopathologically. Ten had been surgically managed as benign lesions and
      eight were suspected of being metachronous multiple gastric cancer. The
      pathological characteristics of the malignant lesions and the operation interval
      (mostly more than 10 years) were similar in these two groups. Although malignant
      lesion in the remnant stomach is difficult to differentiate clearly when there is
      no sufficient histological evidence, the operation interval of more than 10 years
      can be one of the criteria for differential diagnosis.

PMID- 4032760
TI  - [Histogenesis of metaplastic and cancerous changes in the gallbladder].
AB  - Six hundred cases of resected gallbladder were histologically investigated by
      serial sections for intestinal (goblet cell) metaplasia and pseudopyloric gland
      metaplasia. Intestinal metaplasia was found at the rates of 4.8% and 30.0% in the
      stone-free cases and those with bile duct stone, respectively. It was found at
      rates of 52.0% in cases of gallbladder carcinoma. On the other hand, goblet cell
      like cells were found at the rates of 35.0% and 26.0% in the tissues of carcinoma
      and dysplasia, respectively. Although the normal epithelium of the gallbladder
      has sulfomucin, goblet cells contain sialomucin. The ratio of sialomucin
      containing cells increased in dysplasia and carcinoma. Pseudopyloric gland
      metaplasia was found at the rates of 46.0 and 70.0% in the stone-free cases and
      those with bile duct stone, respectively. However, it should be considered that
      this change has less of a relationship with the bases of carcinogenesis than with
      those of intestinal metaplasia.

PMID- 4032761
TI  - [Radioprotective effect of local hypothermia].
AB  - We attempted local hypothermia to prevent radiation dermatitis and stomatitis.
      With regard to parasternal skin reactions postoperatively irradiated breast
      cancer, dry and moist desquamation, which occasionally occurred with conventional
      irradiation was not observed in combination with local cooling. As for head and
      neck tumors, patients who complained of stomatitis decreased with the local
      cooling, and no one wanted a pause in irradiation before 40 Gy. As local
      hypothermia is free from danger and does not require special equipment, it was
      considered to be widely applicable.

PMID- 4032762
TI  - [A case of polymorphous adenocarcinoma in the right parotid gland].
AB  - The nature of adenocarcinomas of parotid gland origin seems to be still unclear
      because of the rarity of this lesion. A 65-year-old man with a "polymorphous
      adenocarcinoma" of the parotid gland is presented. This tumor is characterized by
      a marked diversity in the histologic manifestations, presenting dominantly solid,
      tubular, pseudoadenoid cystic sarcomatoid patterns. The tumor cells showed
      distinctive signs of high grade malignancy such as the occurrence of mitotic
      figures and involvements of lymphatic vessels and/or blood vessels. "Polymorphous
      adenocarcinoma" is a histologically distinctive neoplasm unlike other
      adenocarcinomas of parotid gland origin.

PMID- 4032763
TI  - [A case of focal carcinoma of the stomach found eight years after diagnosis of
      atypical epithelium].
AB  - An 80-year-old man showed depressive change (IIc-like lesion) in the aggregated
      lesion of hemisphere nodules about eight years after diagnosis of atypical
      epithelium in the lesser curvature of the stomach. Carcinoma was strongly
      suspected by the biopsy specimen from the depressive lesion. In the resected
      specimen, carcinoma was present in the depressive lesion. It is sometimes
      difficult to distinguish atypical epithelium from carcinoma by endoscopic
      findings and biopsy specimens. So, in addition to being alert to gross changes of
      the lesion, it is very important to obtain biopsy specimens with a view to
      morphological changes of the lesion.

PMID- 4032764
TI  - [Solid and cystic tumor of the pancreas--report of a case in a 13-year-old girl].
AB  - A case of adenocarcinoma of the body of the pancreas in a 13-year-old girl is
      reported. The gross appearance of the tumor revealed apparent encapsulation,
      cystic degeneration and hemorrhagic necrosis. Microscopically, the tumor
      resembled an islet cell tumor, but immunohistochemically there was no evidence of
      endocrinic activities. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells contain numerous
      mitochondria but no secretory or zymogen granules. This peculiar type of tumor
      usually arises in young women and shows a favorable prognosis. Diagnosis should
      be established immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally.

PMID- 4032765
TI  - [A case report of early rectal carcinoma, IIa + IIc type, with no invasion of the
      submucosa].
AB  - A 66-year-old woman was admitted to the Hakodate Chuo Hospital because of
      abdominal discomfort. A barium enema study revealed a deformity of the middle
      Houston's valve of the rectum and granular lesions at the Rb region of the
      rectum. A colonoscopic examination showed the IIa + IIc type of early rectal
      carcinoma. A resected specimen also revealed IIa + IIc type early rectal
      carcinoma, 8 X 13 mm in diameter, and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with no
      invasion of the submucosa. Infiltration into the lymphatic vessels and regional
      lymph node metastasis were not encountered. The deformity of the rectal Houston's
      valve was checked by a barium enema study. It should be emphasized that early
      detection of colorectal carcinoma with no invasion of the submucosa, requires
      careful barium enema studies and colonoscopic examination.

PMID- 4032766
TI  - [A case of multilocular renal cyst showing neoplastic features].
AB  - A 45-year-old woman was hospitalized with complaint of upper right abdominal
      pain. By serial examination, it was difficult to distinguish renal cyst from
      renal cancer. But, because of the frequency of the attacks of upper abdominal
      pain, nephrectomy was undertaken. The tumor measured 5 X 5 X 3 cm, was distinct
      from normal renal tissue, and consisted of a small cyst. Histologically, we
      diagnosed a multilocular renal cyst, and its lining cells showed small atypia and
      adenomatous proliferation. We concluded that this multilocular renal cyst showed
      neoplastic features.

PMID- 4032767
TI  - [Two cases of paragangliomas of the cauda equina--case reports and review of the
      literature].
AB  - Paragangliomas are tumors arising in the paraganglia and rarely occurring in the
      cauda equina. We report two cases of paraganglioma arising in this region. The
      tumors exhibited a typical "Zellballen" pattern, and immunohistochemical studies
      were positive for neuron-specific enolase, but negative for S-100 protein and
      glial fibrillary acidic protein. Electron microscopic studies confirmed electron
      dense neurosecretory types of granules in the tumor cells. Only 23 cases of
      paragangliomas in this region have been previously reported. A brief review of
      the literature is included.

PMID- 4032768
TI  - [Reconstruction of oral defects using free revascularized jejunum transfer].
AB  - Reconstruction of the oral cavity after extended surgery poses many difficult
      problems. The vital functions of the oral cavity, especially swallowing,
      mastication and breathing, are seriously impaired by resection of the tongue,
      floor of the mouth, gingiva or jaw bone. We have used the free revascularized
      jejunal transfer for reconstruction of the oral cavity in 10 patients and have
      had good functional and cosmetic results. The advantages of this method are as
      follows: 1) it is a one-stage operation; 2) the flexibility of the graft
      preserves maximal tongue function; 3) the graft can be applied to difficult
      anatomic sites, and 4) the mucosal defect is covered with jejunal mucosa and
      induration is minimum. Our success rate with this procedure has been 90%. In our
      experience, this transfer is useful for reconstruction of a massive defect in the
      oral cavity.

PMID- 4032769
TI  - [The measurement of SCC antigen in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung].
AB  - Serum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen levels were measured in 55 patients
      with lung cancer, 43 with benign diseases and 50 normal subjects. At the same
      time, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured for comparison. The mean SCC
      antigen levels were 1.47 + 0.50 ng/ml in 50 normal subjects. The percentage of
      positive case for SCC antigen (higher than 2.6 ng/ml) was 27.8% in lung cancer as
      a whole, 17.6% in adenocarcinoma, 47.6% in squamous cell carcinoma, 6.7% in small
      cell carcinoma and none in large cell carcinoma. Fifty percent of the Stage II
      patients were positive for SCC antigen, and the assay might be a possibility for
      early diagnosis. Our study suggests that SCC antigen assay may be a useful test
      for the identification and evaluation of lung cancer patients.

PMID- 4032770
TI  - [Clinical study of the measurement of tissue polypeptide antigen in patients with
      breast cancer].
AB  - Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) concentrations in patients with breast cancer
      were measured using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit. Although this RIA kit presented
      some problems in the dilution test of high-concentration samples, it was found to
      be adequate for clinical use. It was shown that the measurement of serum TPA
      concentration was useful in monitoring the local recurrence, for the early
      diagnosis of distant metastasis and for evaluating the therapeutical effect after
      surgery. TPA concentration showed no correlation with CEA concentration.
      Therefore, in order to raise the rate of diagnostic success, simultaneous
      measurement of both TPA and CEA was essential.

PMID- 4032771
TI  - [Pelvic lymph node metastasis of cervical adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous
      carcinoma].
AB  - Thirty-one cervical cancers, comprised of 16 adenocarcinomas and 15 adenosquamous
      carcinomas, were clinicopathologically examined to demonstrate the characteristic
      features of pelvic lymph node metastasis. The average number of metastatic nodes
      in each case was 2.6. The most common loci of metastases were the nodi lymphatici
      obturatorii, iliaci externi and ligamenti cardinales. The histologic
      distributions in the metastatic nodes suggested that the adenocarcinoma element
      was more likely to metastasize to the nodes than its squamous counterpart.

PMID- 4032772
TI  - [Ultrastructural studies of central-type early squamous cell carcinoma of the
      lung].
AB  - Characteristics of the nuclei in histopathologic preparations obtained from a
      patient with bronchial carcinoma and two patients with microinvasive bronchial
      carcinoma were studied by transmission electron microscopy. In carcinoma in situ,
      the nuclei showed slight or moderate irregularity in the nuclear outline. The
      number of perichromatin granules was usually one to 10 per nucleus section.
      Formation of fibrillar centers was not marked. In microinvasive carcinoma, the
      nuclei were more irregular in nuclear outline than in carcinoma in situ. The
      number of perichromatin granule was usually more than 11 per nucleus section.
      Formation of fibrillar centers was predominant.

PMID- 4032773
TI  - [An autopsy case of malignant mesenchymoma of the diaphragm].
AB  - An autopsy case of a huge tumor in the right thorax is reported. A 71-year-old
      man complained of dyspnea and died after three months of hospitalization. The
      tumor, consisting of a circumscribed mass measuring 24 X 24 X 8 cm and weight 3.7
      kg, originated from the right diaphragm and had no metastasis. Histologically,
      the tumor comprised multiple mesenchymal elements of fibrosarcoma,
      rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, and there was no distinct
      border between these different components. This tumor fulfills the criterion of
      malignant mesenchymoma (Stout). The histogenesis of the tumor is discussed with a
      survey of literature.

PMID- 4032774
TI  - [A case of breast cancer with lipid secretion].
AB  - Lipid-secreting carcinoma of the mammary gland is a very rare disease entity. We
      have experienced a 59-year-old woman diagnosed as having cancer of the left
      breast and treated by mastectomy. The excised material was found to be afflicted
      with common duct carcinoma partially involved in lipid secretion. This patient
      had a relapse and died three and a half years after the mastectomy. The autopsy
      material consisted mostly of lipid-secreting carcinoma. The pathogenesis of this
      disease and changes of histological figures are also discussed.

PMID- 4032775
TI  - [Ganglioneuromatosis with carcinoid foci in the large bowel].
AB  - A rare case of a 27-year-old man who suffered from ganglioneuromatosis with five
      carcinoid foci arising from the colon and underwent subtotal colectomy is
      reported. There was no malignancy. The tumors extended to the mucosa and/or
      submucosa, and in most parts, tumors created polypoid lesions protruding into the
      intestinal lumen. In the rectum the tumors showed circumscribed extension around
      the wall. In the sigmoid and descending colon, polypoid lesions were seen on the
      side opposite from the attachment line of the mesocolon. In one of five carcinoid
      foci, a transitional pattern between carcinoid and neuroma was investigated.

PMID- 4032776
TI  - [Correlation between lymphangiography and abdominal computed tomography in the
      diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes].

PMID- 4032777
TI  - [Studies on platelet derived leukocyte activating substances. (1). Platelet
      derived granulocyte aggregating factor].

PMID- 4032778
TI  - [Relationship between prognosis and CFU-C-derived colony formation in patients
      with aplastic anemia].

PMID- 4032779
TI  - [Studies on anti-erythrocyte antibodies contained in heat-treated human plasma
      protein, albumin and immunoglobulin preparations--their possible influences on
      hemolysis in burn patients and in the pretransfusion cross match test].

PMID- 4032780
TI  - [Recent trends of biomembranology].

PMID- 4032781
TI  - [Application of cytological engineering to the field of membrane physiology].

PMID- 4032782
TI  - [Study of biomembrane with electron microscopy].

PMID- 4032783
TI  - [Application of NMR in the study of cell membrane].

PMID- 4032784
TI  - [Thermodynamics of membrane transport].

PMID- 4032785
TI  - [Receptor-mediated endocytosis and the structure of membrane receptors].

PMID- 4032786
TI  - [Pathomembranology and concept of membrane diseases].

PMID- 4032787
TI  - [Abnormal membrane transport in brush border disease. a. Re-absorption problem in
      the kidney tubules].

PMID- 4032788
TI  - [Abnormal membrane transport in brush border disease. b. Intestinal absorption
      disorders].

PMID- 4032789
TI  - [Abnormal LDL receptor, hyperlipemia and arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 4032790
TI  - [Abnormal cell membrane and muscle cell differentiation disorder in muscular
      dystrophy].

PMID- 4032791
TI  - [Blood cell membrane abnormality].

PMID- 4032792
TI  - [Radionuclide imaging with labeled monoclonal antibody].

PMID- 4032793
TI  - [Community care of hypertension].

PMID- 4032794
TI  - [Problems in the management of mild hypertensive patients following MRFIT].

PMID- 4032795
TI  - [Sodium and proteins in diet therapy of hypertension].

PMID- 4032796
TI  - [Non-invasive evaluation of the viability of the myocardium in heart
      preservation. An experimental study].

PMID- 4032797
TI  - [Pharmacology of calcium channel blockers].

PMID- 4032798
TI  - [Antihypertensive diuretic agents].

PMID- 4032799
TI  - [Arachidonic acids].

PMID- 4032800
TI  - [Acinetobacter calcoaceticus infection--bacteriological and clinical studies of
      septicemia].

PMID- 4032802
TI  - [Development of a new chromogenic Limulus test specific to endotoxin].

PMID- 4032801
TI  - [Legionella pneumophila infection. Studies on the host defense mechanism to
      aerosol challenge with L. pneumophila].

PMID- 4032803
TI  - [Determination of chymotrypsin in stools with a new kit].

PMID- 4032804
TI  - [The levels of fibrinopeptide A and fibrinopeptide B beta in the urine from
      patients with chronic glomerulonephritis during urokinase therapy].

PMID- 4032805
TI  - [Investigation of the aging phenomena in the eye (lens) by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry--high performance aqueous gel permeation chromatography].

PMID- 4032807
TI  - [Light microscopic characteristics of mucosal and connective tissue mast cells of
      the respiratory and gastro-intestinal tracts].

PMID- 4032806
TI  - [Studies on the condition of human lymphocyte blast transformation by PHA].

PMID- 4032808
TI  - [Adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract--I. The stomach].

PMID- 4032810
TI  - [Study of early gastric cancer less than 1 cm in diameter].

PMID- 4032809
TI  - [Imaging diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma].

PMID- 4032811
TI  - [CT findings of Crohn's disease of the small intestine].

PMID- 4032812
TI  - [Radiation therapy for metastatic brain tumors].

PMID- 4032813
TI  - [Delineation of target volume on CT images with esophageal carcinoma].

PMID- 4032814
TI  - [Recent radiobiological development for daily multiple fractionations].

PMID- 4032815
TI  - [Aortic arch aneurysm].

PMID- 4032816
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy of the maxillofacial fibro-osseous lesion].

PMID- 4032817
TI  - [Multiple aneurysms on the horizontal portion of the anterior cerebral artery (A
      1)].

PMID- 4032818
TI  - [A case of multiple epidural metastases of neuroblastoma].

PMID- 4032819
TI  - [A case of hypertrophic pachymeningitis].

PMID- 4032820
TI  - [A case of cholecystocolic fistula demonstrated with 99mTc-PMT imaging].

PMID- 4032821
TI  - [A case of cavernous lymphangioma of the spleen].

PMID- 4032822
TI  - [Intra-arterial infusion of SNP for peripheral ischemia caused by acute
      ergotism].

PMID- 4032823
TI  - [Evaluation of the influence of ambient temperature and humidity on the hydration
      level of the stratum corneum].

PMID- 4032824
TI  - [A study on quick diagnosis during surgery of malignant melanoma with the touch
      fluorescence method].

PMID- 4032825
TI  - [Histological and electron microscopic studies on cutaneous amyloid deposition in
      NC mice].

PMID- 4032826
TI  - [Favre-Racouchot syndrome (elasteidose cutanee nodulaire a kystes et a comedons)-
      father and son and its hereditary pathogenesis].

PMID- 4032827
TI  - [Report of siblings with xeroderma pigmentosum, genetic complementation group D].

PMID- 4032828
TI  - Induction of macrophage growth by lipoprotein.
AB  - Cell-free tumorous ascitic fluid stimulated growth of variously induced mouse
      peritoneal macrophages and resident macrophages in vitro. This induction of
      macrophage growth by the tumorous ascitic fluid was confirmed by autoradiography.
      The macrophage growth-stimulating activity was stable on heating at 100 degrees
      C, in contrast to that of macrophage growth factor (colony stimulating factor)
      previously reported. This heat-stable macrophage growth-stimulating activity was
      recovered in the lipoprotein fraction of tumorous ascitic fluid. The lipoprotein
      from heat-treated normal mouse serum also induced growth of macrophages. These
      results indicate that lipoprotein can induce macrophage proliferation, at least
      in vitro.

PMID- 4032829
TI  - Compositional changes in brain lipids, especially cerebroside and gangliosides,
      of rats treated with methylmercury chloride.
AB  - Rats were orally given 4 mg of methylmercury chloride per kg per day up to 14
      days, and killed at 4-day or arbitrary intervals. Parietal gray matter and
      cerebellum were taken for lipid analyses. The ganglioside content increased
      during the early stage before the manifestation of clinical symptoms. After the
      onset of clinical signs, the total lipid concentration was elevated, and
      especially the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and cerebroside were increased.
      The ganglioside distribution patterns were also altered in the late stage,
      showing decreased proportion of GD1a and increased percentages of GD1b and GQ1b.

PMID- 4032830
TI  - [Sequential histochemical studies of the esophageal carcinoma in rats induced by
      N-methyl-N-amylnitrosamine].

PMID- 4032831
TI  - [A study on reflux esophagitis in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS): second
      report. Nocturnal gastroesophageal motility and esophageal pH in supine
      position].

PMID- 4032832
TI  - [Quantitative study on macromolecular glycoprotein in gastric mucosa].

PMID- 4032833
TI  - [The effects of gastrointestinal hormones on the growth and protein synthesis of
      human stomach and colon carcinomas].

PMID- 4032834
TI  - [Clinical significance of the determination of serum bile acid and oral bile acid
      loading test in gastrointestinal diseases].

PMID- 4032835
TI  - [A case of the long-term infection of Isospora belli].

PMID- 4032836
TI  - [A case of primary biliary cirrhosis complicated with CRST syndrome].

PMID- 4032838
TI  - [The changes in gangliosides in the liver and serum in hepatectomized rats].

PMID- 4032837
TI  - [A case of idiopathic portal hypertension with a splenic arterial aneurysm and
      severe deposits of iron salts in the spleen].

PMID- 4032839
TI  - [A case of nail-patella syndrome presenting a steroid-resistant nephrotic
      syndrome--in reference to clinical and morphologic study].

PMID- 4032840
TI  - [An experimental pathological study on the ischemic kidney induced in rabbits by
      constriction of the homolateral renal artery].

PMID- 4032841
TI  - [Clinicopathological study of idiopathic membranous nephropathy--long-term follow
      up study].

PMID- 4032842
TI  - [Pregnancy in patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 4032844
TI  - [The effect of antigenic charge on the glomerular deposition of immune complexes
      in acute serum sickness of rabbits].

PMID- 4032843
TI  - [Immunopathological examinations in experimental interstitial nephritis in
      goats].

PMID- 4032845
TI  - [Vanadium retention and its possible toxic effects on membrane transport in
      uremic patients].

PMID- 4032846
TI  - [Erythrocyte Na/K flux ratio in hypertensive and renal failure patients].

PMID- 4032847
TI  - [Arrhythmias in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis studied with 24-hour
      electrocardiographic recording].

PMID- 4032848
TI  - [Pseudo-Bartter's syndrome and surreptitious abuse of furosemide in a woman
      complicated with masked idiopathic edema and defective character].

PMID- 4032850
TI  - [Clinical studies on acute renal failure].

PMID- 4032849
TI  - [A case of familial IgA nephropathy].

PMID- 4032851
TI  - [Detection and evaluation of left atrial myxoma by gated radionuclide imaging].

PMID- 4032852
TI  - [Clinical application of NMR-CT (report 6)--clinical utility of NMR-CT for
      uterine disease].

PMID- 4032853
TI  - [Development of a new Xe-133 single dose multi-step method (SDMM) for muscle
      blood flow measurement using a gamma camera--methodology and basic evaluation].

PMID- 4032854
TI  - Evidence for in vivo effect of lithium on p-aminohippurate transport in rat
      kidney, preliminary study.
AB  - We examined the effect of lithium on rat renal handling of p-aminohippurate (PAH)
      and accumulation of organic ions by rat kidney cortical slices. When infused
      intravenously with lithium at the rate of 0.13 mmoles/kg/min, decreased renal
      clearance of PAH as well as no significant changes in glomerular filtration rate
      and plasma PAH level was observed at the first clearance period during lithium
      infusion. As we expected, tubular secretion of PAH also was decreased
      significantly by the infusion of lithium. Therefore, it is suggested that the
      decrease in the clearance of PAH was due to the decrease in the tubular secretion
      of PAH. After four days of injections with lithium (4 mmoles/kg, i.p., once a
      day), a significant decrease in PAH accumulation in the slices was detected. No
      inhibition of tetraethylammonium accumulation was observed. Lithium pretreatment
      did not alter water content and extracellular space of the slices. The results
      suggest that lithium selectively inhibits the organic anion transport system in
      kidney with the in vivo treatment and follows our previous work in which we
      showed the in vitro effect of lithium on organic anion accumulation in the
      slices.

PMID- 4032855
TI  - Comparisons between discrete lever-press and shuttle avoidance responses in mice:
      acquisition processes and effects of psychoactive drugs.
AB  - Acquisition processes of discrete lever-press (L-type) and shuttle (S-type)
      avoidance responses as well as effects of psychoactive drugs thereon were
      investigated in dd strain mice. The mice showed a more rapid acquisition of S
      type avoidance than L-type. However, the mean avoidance rates and occurrences of
      good-performing mice (showing an avoidance rate of higher than 75%) were almost
      the same in both types when the training was carried out for more than 15
      sessions of 1 hr each. The response rate of L-type avoidance was 2.5-3 times as
      high as that of S-type avoidance. Methamphetamine and cocaine increased the
      response rate in almost the same grade in both types of avoidance.
      Chlorpromazine, haloperidol, pilocarpine and physostigmine suppressed both L-type
      and S-type avoidance responses. However, the L-type showed a higher sensitivity
      than the S-type to the avoidance-suppressing effect of these drugs. Atropine,
      scopolamine and morphine suppressed L-type avoidance response, while they
      facilitated S-type avoidance. The drug-induced changes in the response rate of
      the S-type were well correlated with those in the ambulatory activity. The
      changes in the response rate of the L-type were also consistent with those in the
      ambulatory activity after administration of methamphetamine, cocaine,
      chlorpromazine, haloperidol, pilocarpine and physostigmine, but inconsistent
      after atropine, scopolamine and morphine. The present results suggest that L-type
      and S-type avoidance responses in mice sometimes show a different change after
      administration of psychoactive drugs.

PMID- 4032857
TI  - Sodium salicylate activates cathepsin B but not cathepsin H from rat spleen.
AB  - Effect of sodium salicylate (SA) and its analogues on lysosomal cysteine
      proteinases, cathepsins B and H, was investigated. Using a sensitive fluorometric
      assay, SA was shown to activate cathepsin B but not cathepsin H in the presence
      of cysteine. Kinetics data showed that the SA-stimulated reaction was due to a
      4.5-fold decrease in Km. SA caused a decrease in the inactivation rate of
      cathepsin B by leupeptin and E-64. It was suggested that SA stimulates the
      activation process of the essential cysteine residue.

PMID- 4032856
TI  - Effects of prolonged treatment with compound 48/80 on the gastric mucosa and mast
      cells in the rat.
AB  - Effects of prolonged administration of compound 48/80 (48/80) on the gastric
      mucosa, serotonin and histamine levels in serum, and mast cells of rats were
      studied. Daily administration of 48/80 (0.75 mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 or 4 days
      produced widespread gastric lesions. Further administration of the agent for up
      to 12 days did not aggravate the lesions which had developed in the early period
      of administration of the drug. There were only a few visible lesions and numerous
      healed ones. Almost the same phenomenon was observed with the daily
      administration of serotonin plus histamine (10 mg/kg each, i.p.) for 2 to 12
      days. While 48/80 given for 2 or 4 days increased serotonin and histamine levels
      in serum, it induced no appreciable increase of these amines after 8 or 12 days
      of treatment. Serotonin and histamine levels in peritoneal mast cells
      significantly decreased after the treatment with 48/80 over a 4 day period. The
      decrease in gastric lesions after prolonged treatment with 48/80 is due to both
      the depletion of serotonin and histamine from mast cells and an increased
      resistance of the gastric mucosa with healed lesions.

PMID- 4032858
TI  - Effects of various agents on prednisolone-induced gastric lesions in rats.
AB  - We studied the effects of various agents on prednisolone-induced gastric lesions
      in rats. Gastric lesions were produced by subcutaneous administration of 50 mg/kg
      of prednisolone once daily for 4 days to non-fasted rats. Daily oral
      administration of antipeptic, antisecretory agents and 16-dmPGE2 significantly
      inhibited the lesions. Antacids and PGI2 had little or not effect. These results
      suggest that the concomitant use of the above agents with steroid therapy to
      provide protection of the gastric mucosa warrants further attention.

PMID- 4032860
TI  - Effects of methamphetamine on dopamine cells in the substantia nigra pars
      compacta and the ventral tegmental area.
AB  - The ability of methamphetamine to inhibit the firing rate of dopamine cells in
      the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was
      studied. Methamphetamine reduced the firing rates of the dopamine cells in a dose
      dependent manner in the SNC and the VTA. The doses of methamphetamine required to
      produce a 50% inhibition of firing rate in the SNC and the VTA were 0.37 mg/kg
      and 0.28 mg/kg, respectively.

PMID- 4032859
TI  - Gastric antral ulcers induced by a combination of acid, indomethacin and ischemia
      in rats.
AB  - Gastric antral lesions were produced with hemorrhages by vascular ligation
      induced ischemia in the prepyloric regions in rats. Additional treatments with
      intraluminal acid application and indomethacin markedly aggravated the lesions.
      Histological examination showed that the incidence of ulcers which penetrated the
      muscularis mucosae was nearly 100% upon treatment with a combination of acid,
      indomethacin and ischemia. This model provides a useful tool for studying gastric
      ulcer etiology.

PMID- 4032861
TI  - Five-year clinical evaluation of the St. Jude Medical valve prosthesis in 136
      patients.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-six patients (June 1979, through May 1984) underwent
      mitral, aortic or double valve replacement and apico-aortic bypass with the St.
      Jude Medical (SJM) prosthesis, at Ryukyu University Hospital, Okinawa. Operative
      mortality for the entire group was 4.4 per cent. Late mortality from 1979-1984
      was 6.1 per cent. There were no deaths related to mechanical failure. Warfarin
      anticoagulation was recommended for all patients. The incidence of
      thromboembolism was 0.76/100 patient years. Post operative catheterization
      studies in 21 patients one year after operation showed a satisfactory recovery of
      cardiac function. The SJM valve seems to be the satisfactory artificial valve in
      present use.

PMID- 4032863
TI  - Improved results of surgery for esophageal carcinoma in 148 patients.
AB  - Since the late 1970's, there has been a remarkable decrease in the mortality of
      patients with esophageal cancer. Factors such as progress in pre- and post
      operative management, operative technique, and anesthesia all play a contributory
      role in this improvement. Among 251 Japanese patients with esophageal carcinoma
      who underwent esophageal resection and reconstruction in our department of
      surgery since 1965, those treated from 1965-74 and others treated from 1975-1984
      were investigated in detail. It became clear that pulmonary complications and
      anastomotic leakage were the two major complications related to operative
      mortality. The former has decreased by intensive postoperative care with strong
      emphasis on cough dynamics, and the latter because of the long gastric tube we
      devised and which has a good blood supply. These positive events make feasible
      early postoperative irradiation and cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 4032862
TI  - Aneurysms of the descending aorta: surgical experience with three methods of
      adjunct procedures.
AB  - Thirteen patients were surgically treated for the repair of aneurysms of the
      descending aorta, using three different types of adjunct procedures--an external
      temporary bypass with a vascular prosthesis, a tridodecylmethylammonium chloride
      (TDMAC) or a partial cardiopulmonary bypass. There was no operative death, though
      one patient died 73 days following surgery. Significant intraoperative morbidity
      occurred in 3 patients: one had ventricular fibrillation and the other two
      massive hemorrhages. There was no instance of paraplegia or renal failure. The
      only significant complication that developed was pulmonary insufficiency in two
      patients with a pump bypass. The mean operative time and the mean aortic
      occlusion time in patients with the TDMAC shunt were shorter than the times in
      patients with the vascular prosthetic shunt or the pump bypass. TDMAC shunt
      required no special equipment and cannulation was simpler and safer.

PMID- 4032864
TI  - Drill needle biopsy for breast cancer.
AB  - From 1977 to 1983 we have used electric drill needle biopsy of suspicious masses
      in the breast in 437 patients. In 104 patients with primary breast carcinoma 94
      were diagnosed correctly by the initial biopsy, 9 were found on the second or
      third biopsy and one on the subsequent excisional biopsy. The rate of accuracy of
      the initial biopsy was 90.4 per cent. The diameters of the 104 carcinomas were
      less than 2 cm in 62 (59.6 per cent), 2-5 cm in 39 (37.5 per cent) and 5 cm or
      more in 3 (2.9 per cent). There were 17 patients (16.3 per cent) with a tumor 10
      mm or less in diameter. Three hundred and thirty three patients had benign
      lesions. This drill needle biopsy method can be performed easily and accurately
      on nodules less than 2 cm, or even 10 mm or less nodules. For a diagnosis of
      early breast carcinoma made in the outpatient clinic or in screening examination
      programs, this method may be the most appropriate.

PMID- 4032865
TI  - Typhoid enteric perforations.
AB  - Forty-five cases of typhoid enteric perforation are presented. The disease was
      most common in young males. Half of the perforations occurred during the second
      week of fever. Diagnosis was mainly clinical, supplemented by radiological
      evidence of pneumoperitoneum and confirmed at laparotomy by the presence of
      perforations in the terminal ileum. Laboratory investigations including Widal
      perforations in the terminal ileum. Laboratory investigations including Widal
      test and blood culture were of little value. All the 45 were managed operatively
      by simple closure of the perforation(s) and drainage of the peritoneal cavity.
      Burst abdomen occurred in 9 per cent and fecal fistula in 20 per cent. Overall
      mortality was 11 per cent--much lower than that reported in the literature in
      case of management of typhoid enteric perforations.

PMID- 4032866
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma with lung metastasis.
AB  - A forty-seven year-old man had a small ulceration on his left cheek. The ulcer
      had a repeated crust formation following removal, for ten years. The patient
      found a hard tumor in the deep site of the ulcer and the tumor was resected. The
      pathological diagnosis was basal cell carcinoma. The metastases to the regional
      lymph nodes developed one year later and these lymph nodes were resected. The
      histological picture was the same as seen in the primary tumor. Lung metastasis
      occurred three years later. The tumor was resected and the pathological diagnosis
      was basal cell carcinoma. Multiple lung metastases developed one year later and
      massive hemoptysis led to a sudden death two years after the thoracotomy. Thirty
      seven cases of basal cell carcinoma with lung metastases were reported in the
      literature. This case is the thirty-eighth case and the third occurrence in a
      Japanese.

PMID- 4032868
TI  - Rectoanal pressures and rectal compliance in children with rectal prolapse.
AB  - The results of anorectal manometry in 11 children with complete rectal prolapse
      were evaluated. Abnormalities of sphincter control or bowel movements occurred in
      8 out of these 11 patients. Anal canal pressure of the patients was lower than in
      the controls, but there was no significant difference of resting pressure
      profiles of the anorectum between the patients and the controls. Rectoanal reflex
      was present in all the patients and in the controls. Rectal compliance was
      significantly lower in the patients, but there was no correlation between rectal
      compliance and sphincter control of the patients.

PMID- 4032869
TI  - A lateral approach to below knee amputation.
AB  - A lateral approach for below knee amputation, with excision of a segment of the
      fibula and preliminary division of the tendocalcaneous led to a better exposure
      of all compartments of the leg.

PMID- 4032867
TI  - Benign mediastinal teratoma associated with Klinefelter's syndrome.
AB  - We treated a patient with a benign mediastinal teratoma associated with
      Klinefelter's syndrome which was first thought to be a malignant germ cell tumor
      because of an anterior mass shadow, gynecomastia, atrophic testis and a high
      level of HCG. Chromosomal analysis showed a total of 47 XXY. Median sternotomy
      revealed a tumor originating from the right lobe of thymus. The postoperative
      course and 2 year follow-up have been uneventful.

PMID- 4032870
TI  - [Effects of sex hormones on breathing during waking and sleep].

PMID- 4032871
TI  - [Abnormal breathing during sleep in patients with chronic respiratory failure].

PMID- 4032872
TI  - [Nocturnal desaturation in patients with chronic lung disease--with special
      reference to the effect on pulmonary circulation].

PMID- 4032873
TI  - [Effects of oxygen administration in sleep-induced apneas].

PMID- 4032874
TI  - [Immunotherapy by polyvalent bacterial antigen (broncasma berna) for chronic
      lower respiratory infectious disease].

PMID- 4032875
TI  - [A histopathological study on vascular and interstitial changes in the lungs of
      collagen diseases and a comparison with interstitial pneumonia].

PMID- 4032876
TI  - [Long-term oxygen therapy of primary pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 4032877
TI  - [Descent gradient of maximal expiratory flow-volume curve and uneven distribution
      of ventilation].

PMID- 4032878
TI  - [Early clinical symptoms and signs of paragonimiasis westermani, time course when
      intradermal test with Paragonimus westermani antigen turns positive and effects
      of praziquantel on paragonimiasis].

PMID- 4032879
TI  - [Anaphylactoid reaction to hydrocortisone succinate in three aspirin-sensitive
      asthmatic patients].

PMID- 4032880
TI  - [A case of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis].

PMID- 4032881
TI  - [Alveolar microlithiasis--a case report].

PMID- 4032882
TI  - [Twelve cases of congenital coronary artery fistulas--an experience of "the
      postoperative development of a new fistula"].

PMID- 4032883
TI  - [Evaluation of acute intravascular hemolysis after prosthetic cardiac valve
      replacement].

PMID- 4032884
TI  - [A new trial of a surgical procedure for funnel chest].

PMID- 4032885
TI  - [Ascites trocars for Brock's operation].

PMID- 4032886
TI  - [Usefulness of angled scalpels in mitral commissurotomy].

PMID- 4032887
TI  - [Clinical study of the William Harvey H-1700 oxygenator for open heart surgery].

PMID- 4032888
TI  - [Particularity of infundibular stenosis with VSD and right aortic arch--clinical
      experiences].

PMID- 4032889
TI  - [A surgical case of a giant right coronary artery to a left ventricular fistula].

PMID- 4032890
TI  - [A surgical case of simultaneous bilateral double primary lung cancers].

PMID- 4032891
TI  - [Left atrial myxoma--report of a case having cardiac preoperative symptoms for
      twenty-six years].

PMID- 4032892
TI  - [A case of congenital kinking of the aortic arch].

PMID- 4032893
TI  - [Isolated discrete infundibular stenosis].

PMID- 4032894
TI  - [A case of typical bronchial carcinoid secreting bradykinin].

PMID- 4032895
TI  - [A case of pulmonary chondrohamartoma observed as a slight density on 67Ga
      scintigraphy].

PMID- 4032896
TI  - [Dietary management of renal stone disease--with special reference to oxalate].

PMID- 4032897
TI  - [Percutaneously recorded electrical activity of the fourth sacral nerve from
      sacral foramen (I). Percutaneous recording of the fourth sacral nerve activity in
      rabbits].

PMID- 4032898
TI  - [Percutaneously recorded electrical activity of the fourth sacral nerve from
      sacral foramen (II). Percutaneous recording of the fourth sacral nerve activity
      in patients].

PMID- 4032899
TI  - [Urinary oxalate excretion in the patients with upper urinary tract calculi].

PMID- 4032900
TI  - [Thermal analysis of passed upper urinary tract stones].

PMID- 4032901
TI  - [Paraneoplastic syndrome of renal cell carcinoma].

PMID- 4032903
TI  - [Electron microscopic studies on the histogenesis of testicular tumor. 2. Fine
      structure of intratubular atypical germ cell].

PMID- 4032902
TI  - [Intravesical recurrence and malignant progression in superficial bladder
      tumors].

PMID- 4032904
TI  - [Clinicostatistical study of penile carcinoma].

PMID- 4032905
TI  - [Carcinoid tumor of the kidney].

PMID- 4032906
TI  - [The clinical study of renal cell carcinoma with tumorous caval thrombus].

PMID- 4032907
TI  - [Studies of heterotransplantation of transplantable human urogenital malignant
      neoplasms. Part VI. Radiation therapy of human urinary bladder cancer and human
      prostatic cancer transplantable to nude mice].

PMID- 4032909
TI  - [Studies on bladder cancer by flow cytometry. I. Evaluation of the malignant
      potential of bladder cancer based on flow cytometric DNA analysis].

PMID- 4032908
TI  - [Studies of heterotransplantation of transplantable human urogenital malignant
      neoplasms. Part VII. Combined chemo-radiation therapy of human urinary bladder
      cancer and human prostatic cancer transplantable to nude mice].

PMID- 4032910
TI  - [Congenital megaureter with a long narrow segment in children].

PMID- 4032911
TI  - [The determination of urinary oxalate by gas-chromatography].

PMID- 4032912
TI  - [Studies on contact-micro-cystoscopy. I. Observation of the bladder epithelium
      with the contact-micro-colpohysteroscope].

PMID- 4032913
TI  - [Heterogeneity of renal cell carcinoma. II: Studies on tumorigenicity of cultured
      cell line KU-2].

PMID- 4032914
TI  - [Evoked responses of the bulbocavernosus reflex: with special reference to its
      clinical usefulness and problems].

PMID- 4032915
TI  - [Clinical studies on medullary sponge kidney].

PMID- 4032916
TI  - [Studies of human lactate dehydrogenase-x (C4) [LDH-X(C4)]. 1. Purification of
      human LDH-X(C4)].

PMID- 4032917
TI  - [Results of radiation therapy of bladder tumors: with special reference to the
      significance of preoperative irradiation].

PMID- 4032918
TI  - [Statistical observations on our bladder tumor registry. I. Survival rates of
      1120 patients].

PMID- 4032919
TI  - [Experimental study of hydronephrosis. Urinary components and functional recovery
      of hydronephrosis].

PMID- 4032920
TI  - A simple catheterization from the ear vein into the jugular vein for sequential
      blood sampling from unrestrained pigs.

PMID- 4032922
TI  - Analysis of tissue creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes by histoelectrophoresis.

PMID- 4032921
TI  - Relationship between serum total cholesterol levels before calving and occurrence
      rate of diseases after calving in Holstein heifers and cows.

PMID- 4032923
TI  - Variations of synlophe of Orientostrongylus ezoensis Tada, 1975 (Nematoda:
      Heligmonellidae) among different populations in Japan.

PMID- 4032924
TI  - Histochemical observations of lipid droplets in mouse embryos.

PMID- 4032925
TI  - Elevation in blood sialic acid and mucoprotein levels during hepatic abscess in
      cattle.

PMID- 4032926
TI  - Isolation of salmonellae from apparently healthy fattening male dairy calves and
      fattening pigs and stability of plasmids in the isolates.

PMID- 4032927
TI  - Morphogenesis of the subcommissural organ in the hamster.

PMID- 4032928
TI  - Concentrations of total and ionic calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, and
      protein in maternal and fetal blood and in amniotic fluid in parathyroidectomized
      pregnant rats.

PMID- 4032929
TI  - Therapeutic effects of vitamin K for hemorrhagic disease in pigs.

PMID- 4032930
TI  - The bacteriological safety of unpasteurized cured meat products in response to
      the manufacturing processes.

PMID- 4032931
TI  - Oligodendroglioma in an aged rat.

PMID- 4032933
TI  - Does the deep brachial artery exist in domestic animals?

PMID- 4032932
TI  - Developmental EEG of the beagle dog under xylazine sedation.

PMID- 4032934
TI  - Functional disorders in the peripheral neuromuscular system induced by
      gonyautoxins in rabbits.

PMID- 4032935
TI  - Distribution and incidence of calcified lesions in DBA/2NCrj and BALB/cAnNCrj
      mice.

PMID- 4032936
TI  - Isolation of a bacteriophage in Fusobacterium necrophorum.

PMID- 4032937
TI  - Caseous granulomas in bovine paratuberculosis.

PMID- 4032939
TI  - Duration of the complement-fixation antibodies induced in pigs and guinea pigs by
      Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae vaccine.

PMID- 4032938
TI  - The incidence of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in domestic animals and soil.

PMID- 4032940
TI  - Lymphatic metastasis in a case of feline peritoneal mesothelioma.

PMID- 4032941
TI  - Pregnancy with IUD in situ.

PMID- 4032942
TI  - Prognostic factor analysis in adult acute leukemia during the period of 1973 to
      1983.

PMID- 4032943
TI  - Effect of epidural morphine on urinary catecholamine excretion during
      postoperative period.

PMID- 4032945
TI  - [Numerical classification of Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, Mycobacterium terrae
      and Mycobacterium triviale].

PMID- 4032944
TI  - [Studies on tuberculosis patients staying in hospitals or sanatoriums for long
      periods (Part 1)].

PMID- 4032946
TI  - [A case of intractable pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium fortuitum
      resulting in respiratory failure].

PMID- 4032947
TI  - [Efficacy of mass roentgenography in occupational groups].

PMID- 4032948
TI  - [Studies on lung disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria in Japan (report of
      the year 1983 of the Mycobacteriosis Research Group of the Japanese National
      Chest Hospitals)].

PMID- 4032949
TI  - [Studies on the factors of staying in hospital and sanatorium for long periods in
      tuberculosis patients (Part 2)].

PMID- 4032950
TI  - [A case of pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium intracellulare developing
      after pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 4032951
TI  - [Our treatment experience with peacetime chest injuries].

PMID- 4032952
TI  - [Late results of stratified plastic repair in the surgical treatment of inguinal
      hernias with reinforcement of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal].

PMID- 4032953
TI  - [Neurogenic bladder--Boschammer's myoplasty].

PMID- 4032954
TI  - [Case report on the relativity of the contraindications for duodenopancreatic
      resection].

PMID- 4032955
TI  - [Case report of carcinoma of the small intestine].

PMID- 4032956
TI  - [Secondary echinococcosis--asymptomatic course of echinococcosis of the left
      kidney and the 11th and 12th ribs].

PMID- 4032957
TI  - [Acute appendicitis in the neonatal period].

PMID- 4032959
TI  - [Case of chronic appendicitis in irreducible femoral hernia].

PMID- 4032960
TI  - [Case report of synchronous multiple primary malignant tumors of the digestive
      tract].

PMID- 4032958
TI  - [2 cases of nephrolithiasis and intraoperatively established malignant kidney
      tumor].

PMID- 4032961
TI  - [2 cases of unavoidable abdominal operations in patients with severe heart
      damage].

PMID- 4032962
TI  - [Wirsung's duct-jejunal anastomosis with simultaneous papilloplasty based on
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography].

PMID- 4032963
TI  - [Case of incarcerated spigelian hernia].

PMID- 4032964
TI  - [Case of a favorable outcome in total biliary peritonitis of unknown origin].

PMID- 4032965
TI  - [2 cases of an abscess formation in retroperitoneal hematoma].

PMID- 4032966
TI  - [Modern development of anesthesia, resuscitation and intensive therapy in
      Bulgaria].

PMID- 4032967
TI  - [Bilateral retinal detachment in children and adolescents].

PMID- 4032969
TI  - [Complications observed after cerclage of the eyeball in the surgical treatment
      of retinal detachment].

PMID- 4032968
TI  - [Problems of operations for retinal detachment after the age of 65].

PMID- 4032970
TI  - [Intraocular hypertension as an intraoperative complication in retinal
      detachment].

PMID- 4032971
TI  - [The fate of the eye after an operation for retinal detachment with non-reapposed
      retina].

PMID- 4032973
TI  - [Complications after treatment of retinoblastoma with radioactive cobalt and
      xenon photocoagulation].

PMID- 4032972
TI  - [Complications of surgical treatment of retinal detachment in forensic expert
      testimony].

PMID- 4032974
TI  - [Surgical treatment of idiopathic retinal detachment by temporary balloon scleral
      buckling].

PMID- 4032975
TI  - [Cerclage with a silicone band as the method of choice in the treatment of severe
      forms of retinal detachment].

PMID- 4032976
TI  - [Correlation between the method of xenon photocoagulation and the state of the
      retina in patients with diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 4032977
TI  - [Vitreous body hemorrhage as a sign of retinal tear].

PMID- 4032978
TI  - [The TO-01 ophthalmological thermometer for controlling the temperature of the
      sclera during diathermocoagulation].

PMID- 4032980
TI  - Effect of diuresis on urinary erythrocyte morphology in glomerulonephritis.
AB  - The differentiation between glomerular and non-glomerular haematuria by phase
      contrast microscopy has proved to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of
      glomerulonephritis. In an attempt to evaluate the effect of marked diuresis on
      the altered red cell morphology in patients with biopsy proven
      glomerulonephritis, urinary sediments were examined following water or furosemide
      induced diuresis. In both diuretic states urine flow increased, urine osmolality
      decreased and the percentage of glomerular erythrocytes was significantly reduced
      in the urinary sediment. These data demonstrate that the alteration in urinary
      red cells in glomerulonephritis is mainly caused by tubular forces. The
      diagnostic significance is reduced during increased diuresis and the evaluation
      of urinary red cell morphology should not be performed.

PMID- 4032979
TI  - [Effect of physical training on blood flow properties in patients with
      intermittent claudication].
AB  - Abnormal blood flow in patients with intermittent claudication can be normalized
      by physical training. We found a decrease in blood viscosity with a decrease in
      the erythrocyte-aggregation tendency and significant simultaneous improvement in
      erythrocyte filtrability. Improvement in these haemorheological properties led to
      a significant increase in physical performance after training. This positive
      result can be obtained by regular physical training; the application of
      rheologically effective medicaments is not necessary.

PMID- 4032981
TI  - The fatty acid composition of red cells deficient in glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase and their susceptibility to lipid peroxidation.
AB  - Oxidant damage to red cell membranes could play a part in the pathogenesis of
      acute and chronic haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
      Therefore, we studied the substrate for red cell membrane lipid peroxidation,
      i.e. the content of various polyunsaturated fatty acids in ghosts, and the
      susceptibility of red cells to lipid peroxidation in normal subjects and in
      subjects deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The fatty acid
      composition of red cell membranes and plasma was analysed by capillary column gas
      chromatography. The sensitivity of red cells to lipid peroxidation was evaluated
      after hydrogen-peroxide-induced oxidant stress. The degree of lipid peroxidation
      was monitored by measuring the release of pentane and ethane formed during the
      breakdown of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. The red cell sensitivity to lipid
      peroxidation was found to be higher in subjects with glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase deficiency than in normal subjects. In the former, saturated fatty
      acids, in particular palmitic and stearic acid, were found to be decreased,
      whereas the proportion of arachidonic acid showed a clear increase. Fatty acid
      analysis of plasma did not reveal significant abnormalities in enzyme-deficient
      patients, which could explain the alteration of membrane fatty acids. Our results
      suggest that the increased content of substrate for lipid peroxidation,
      particularly arachidonic acid, in red cell membranes of subjects deficient in
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, should be considered in an evaluation of an
      enhanced sensitivity to red cell lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 4032982
TI  - [Histiocytosis X. Follow-up for over 20 years in a patient with Hand-Schuller
      Christian disease].
AB  - Since 1963 we have observed a patient with Hand-Schuller-Christian disease with
      involvement of the skeleton, skin and hypophysis/hypothalamus with diabetes
      insipidus. The diabetes insipidus was successfully treated initially with
      chlorpropamid and later with carbamazepin. Alterations of the lung parenchyma
      were seen radiologically in 1966, and two years later the patient complained of
      exertional dyspnea. The lung disease was progressive with the deterioration of
      lung function despite corticosteroid and D-penicillamine treatment. The patient
      now has marked dyspnea even at rest. The osteolytic lesions have not changed in
      recent years.

PMID- 4032984
TI  - Haemoglobin D-beta-thalassaemia in a German family. A double heterozygous
      haemoglobinopathy.
AB  - This report concerns a young woman, whose stained blood films revealed a
      hypochromic and microcytic red cell morphology. It could be shown by haemoglobin
      analysis that this atypical blood film was due to a double heterozygote disorder
      of haemoglobin D (Hb D) and beta-thalassaemia. The thalassaemia trait was
      inherited from her father and the Hb D from her mother. This is the first
      observation of this rare disorder in a German family. Comparable cases reported
      in the literature are mentioned.

PMID- 4032983
TI  - Aspects of splenic hypofunction in old age.
AB  - The weight of the human spleen decreases in old age. The percentage of
      erythrocytes with pits observed by interference contrast microscopy was
      significantly higher in 39 elderly subjects (median 4.2%, range 1.2%-14.6%) than
      in 34 younger controls (median 1.4%, range 0.6%-6.2%). Further evidence of
      splenic hypofunction was obtained from 7 elderly people with increased pit
      counts: the removal from circulation and accumulation into the spleen of heat
      damaged autologous erythrocytes was abnormally slow. However, no difference in
      the spleen area of the same subjects measured by scintillation scanning was
      observed in comparison with normals. Thus, the weight reduction of spleen in old
      age is accompanied by a decrease in splenic function.

PMID- 4032985
TI  - [Epidemiology of AIDS].

PMID- 4032987
TI  - [DNA content of lymphocytes and mononuclear tumor cells in Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - Thirteen lymph node biopsy specimens with Hodgkin's disease (six cases of the
      nodular sclerosis type; six cases of the mixed cellularity type; one case of the
      lymphocytic depletion type) were studied with scanning cytophotometric
      measurements. The DNA content of small lymphocytes, large lymphocytes, atypical
      mononuclear cells and Hodgkin cells was measured. The sizes of the nuclei and
      mitotic indices were also measured. There were no lymphocytes with aneuploid DNA
      stemlines. Large lymphocytes showed proliferative activity which is possibly
      reactive, although its neoplastic character cannot be excluded. Hodgkin cells
      exhibited aneuploid values in seven cases and atypical mononuclear cells in only
      four cases. The nuclear sizes and the DNA content of the atypical mononuclear
      cells ranged between the values of lymphocytes and Hodgkin cells. The mixed
      cellularity type showed higher DNA values, more frequently occurrence of
      aneuploid stemlines and a higher frequency of mitotic figures than did the
      nodular sclerosis type. The results confirm the different grades of malignancy of
      the various histopathological categories of Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4032989
TI  - Acute bilateral brachial plexus neuritis associated with hypersensitivity
      vasculitis. A case report and review of literature.
AB  - The occurrence of brachial plexus neuritis during the acute phase of vasculitis
      is uncommon. We describe a patient with a long history of rhinitis and a recent
      onset of asthma, who developed purpuric skin lesions, abdominal pain,
      eosinophilia and brachial neuritis along with evidence of sacral plexus
      neuropathy. High dose steroids and cyclophosphamide induced a remission. He
      stopped all medications after 3 years and after 6 years the patient has some
      fixed minimal residual neurological deficit. The importance of aggressive therapy
      in treating extensive polyneuropathy during the acute phase of hypersensitivity
      vasculitis is raised. A possible cytotoxic role of eosinophils in the
      pathological process is suggested.

PMID- 4032988
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and cardiac efficacy of beta-acetyldigoxin and digitoxin in
      combination therapy with diltiazem].
AB  - The effect of diltiazem (D) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of beta
      acetyldigoxin (AD; n = 12) and digitoxin (DGT; n = 10) was studied in 22 patients
      with cardiac insufficiency stages II-III by the New York Heart Association.
      Glycoside plasma concentration and renal excretion as well as electrocardiogram
      [heart rate, atrioventricular transconduction time (PQ), duration of electrical
      systole corrected for heart rate (QTc), mean amplitude of T-waves in leads V2 to
      V6 (TV2-6)] and systole time intervals [total electromechanical systole index
      (QS21), left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI), pre-ejection period index
      (PEPI), PEP/LVET ratio] were recorded repeatedly before and during co
      administration of 180 mg/day D. In eight patients digoxin plasma levels increased
      continuously during additional D administration. After reaching a new steady
      state at 0.93 +/- 0.35 ng/ml digoxin concentrations were at an average 43% higher
      than before D administration (0.65 +/- 0.27 ng/ml) with a simultaneous increase
      in renal glycoside excretion. The other four patients showed neither changes in
      digoxin concentrations in plasma nor in renal glycoside excretion. Only half the
      patients treated with DGT and D revealed an increase in DGT plasma levels of
      21.4%. Daily renal glycoside excretion was not altered by D administration. In
      accordance to the increasing AD plasma concentration, PQ-interval was prolonged
      and T-wave flattening was intensified, whereas the systolic time intervals after
      concomitant treatment of AD and D did not differ from those after AD
      alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4032990
TI  - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and water-electrolyte metabolism in
      salmonellosis].

PMID- 4032986
TI  - Comparison of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy with urinary and plasma
      catecholamine determinations in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 31 patients with suspected pheochromocytoma we
      examined the preoperative results of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131-I-MIBG)
      scintigraphy and a fluorimetric urine catecholamine determination test. An
      additional radioenzymatic plasma catecholamine determination test was performed
      in 25 patients. In 14 of the 31 patients the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was
      later histologically confirmed. In the remaining 17 patients the suspected
      diagnosis was finally rejected after a clinical decision had been made on the
      basis of clinical history, symptoms, laboratory and imaging tests. 131-I-MIBG
      scintigraphy apparently had a very high specificity (no false-positive results
      among the patients with rejected diagnosis), but showed the least sensitivity (3
      of 14 tumours were not detected). Urine catecholamines showed two false-negative
      and three false-positive results. Plasma catecholamines had the highest
      sensitivity and gave only one false-positive result. Because of its high
      pathognomonic value 131-MIBG scintigraphy can be helpful not only for
      localization, but also for confirmation of diagnosis when catecholamine
      determination tests are contradictory. On the basis of our experience with false
      positive results after interfering medication therapy, urine and plasma
      catecholamine determination tests should only be carried out after purification
      with thin layer chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4032991
TI  - [Food toxinfections in chronic alcoholics].

PMID- 4032992
TI  - [Hemosorption in the combined treatment of leptospirosis patients in the liver
      kidney failure stage].

PMID- 4032993
TI  - [Spontaneous panniculitis (the Rothmann and Makai form)].

PMID- 4032994
TI  - [Unusual neurological complication in chronic nonspecific ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 4032995
TI  - [Case of malignant neurofibroma of the cervicobrachial plexus].

PMID- 4032996
TI  - [Control of student knowledge in a clinical discipline].

PMID- 4032997
TI  - [Hemodynamic variants of the crises in hypertension and the adequacy of the
      pharmacotherapy].

PMID- 4032998
TI  - [N-acetyltransferase activity in persons with sclerotic vascular lesions].

PMID- 4033000
TI  - [Clinical aspects of internal diseases in a period of the differentiation of
      clinical disciplines].

PMID- 4032999
TI  - [Electrolyte balance characteristics of the myocardium in patients with
      paroxysmal supraventricular disorders of the the cardiac rhythm].

PMID- 4033001
TI  - [Pathogenesis of ischemic disorders of the cerebral circulation in arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 4033002
TI  - [Analysis of the fatal outcomes during an attack of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4033003
TI  - [Formes frustes of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4033004
TI  - [Cellular and humoral immunity indices of bronchial asthma patients as affected
      by vaccinotherapy].

PMID- 4033005
TI  - [Electromyographic control of hypnotherapy in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4033006
TI  - [Mechanisms of the development of the clinical picture of chronic obstructive
      bronchitis].

PMID- 4033007
TI  - [Fibrosing variant of Wegener's granulomatosis simulating bronchogenic cancer].

PMID- 4033008
TI  - [Differential diagnostic importance of determining lactate dehydrogenase in
      stomach biopsies].

PMID- 4033009
TI  - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of primary isolated stomach lymphomas].

PMID- 4033010
TI  - [Stomach function and morphology in eczema and neurodermatitis patients].

PMID- 4033011
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of the glomerulonephritic form of gouty
      nephropathy].

PMID- 4033012
TI  - [Chronic intravascular coagulation in diabetic microangiopathy patients].

PMID- 4033014
TI  - [State of mucous membrane of the upper segments gastrointestinal tract in
      patients with chronic kidney diseases].

PMID- 4033015
TI  - [Functional state of the kidneys after surgical treatment of acute
      cholecystitis].

PMID- 4033013
TI  - [Clinical aspects and treatment of acute HBsAg-positive hepatitis].

PMID- 4033016
TI  - [Tolerance to physical exertion and the state of microcirculation in patients
      with iron-deficiency anemia].

PMID- 4033018
TI  - [Clinical course of familial hyperuricemic lesions of the kidneys].

PMID- 4033019
TI  - [A case of congenital analbuminemia].

PMID- 4033017
TI  - [Clinical forms of a protracted course of anaphylactic shock caused by pyrazole
      preparations].

PMID- 4033020
TI  - [Use of hemosorption in the complex treatment of patients with Lyell's syndrome].

PMID- 4033021
TI  - [Acute intermittent porphyria].

PMID- 4033022
TI  - [Medullary cystic disease of the kidneys in an adult].

PMID- 4033023
TI  - [Primary chronic tuberculosis with Poncet's rheumatoid syndrome resulting in
      Landouzy's typhobacillosis].

PMID- 4033024
TI  - [General principles of management of patients with kidney diseases].

PMID- 4033025
TI  - [Classification of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 4033026
TI  - [The problem of dermatomyositis in patients with primary multiple malignant
      tumors].

PMID- 4033027
TI  - [Risk factors in the development of steroid-induced hypertension in patients with
      nephritis].

PMID- 4033028
TI  - [Hypereosinophilic bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4033029
TI  - [Drug-induced nephritis].

PMID- 4033030
TI  - [Lesions of the spleen in sarcoidosis].

PMID- 4033031
TI  - [Hormones regulating phosphorus-calcium metabolism in patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus nephritis and Bright disease].

PMID- 4033032
TI  - [Plasma thyrotropic hormone level in arterial hypertension of different origins].

PMID- 4033033
TI  - [Role of the complement system in the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of
      different variants of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4033034
TI  - [Serum parathyroid hormone and calcitonin levels in bronchial asthma in relation
      to glucocorticoid therapy].

PMID- 4033035
TI  - [Objectives of the All-Union and Republics' scientific medical societies in the
      propagation of the achievements of medical science and their introduction to
      public health practice].

PMID- 4033036
TI  - [Possible mechanisms of the asthmogenic effect of egg white in patients with
      bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4033037
TI  - [Effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy on thyroid function in patients with
      bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4033038
TI  - [Proteinuria--a symptom or one of the pathogenetic factors of
      glomerulonephritis?].

PMID- 4033039
TI  - [Clinical interpretation of morphological changes in the kidneys in patients with
      hypertension in its initial stages].

PMID- 4033040
TI  - [Water-electrolyte balance and functional state of the kidneys in cosmonauts
      after a 185-day space flight].
AB  - Fluid-electrolyte metabolism and renal function of the crewmembers of the 185-day
      space flight were examined. Various changes in fluid-electrolyte metabolism and
      its regulation were seen in the Commander and Flight-Engineer. As most other
      crewmembers who performed similar flights, Cr showed fluid and sodium retention,
      whereas FE displayed higher than preflight sodium excretion in the urine. These
      differences were associated with individual variations of regional hemodynamics
      which modified the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in a different manner.
      Postflight both crewmembers showed a higher excretion of bivalent ions. The
      higher excretion of calcium was accompanied by a lower concentration of total and
      ionized calcium in the serum as well as by a lower concentration of PTH and
      calcitonin. The loading KC1 test made it possible to assess variations in
      potassium metabolism that occurred during flight. They included the inability of
      tissues to retain potassium due to atrophic processes which developed in the
      weightless state and due to the unloading of the musculoskeletal system.

PMID- 4033041
TI  - [Resistance to +Gz and +Gx loads of subjects in older age groups, healthy and
      with initial signs of atherosclerosis].
AB  - Tolerance to +Gz and +Gx acceleration of healthy and atherosclerotic subjects,
      aged 40-49, was investigated during 256 centrifugation tests in Bulgaria and the
      USSR. As compared to the healthy people, the atherosclerotic subjects showed a
      lower tolerance: when exposed to 7 +Gz the tolerance threshold decreased from
      5.93 +/- 0.57 g to 5.7 +/- 0.44 g (i. e. by 0.23 g). Visual disorders in the
      healthy and atherosclerotic subjects were recorded in 29 and 50%, respectively,
      and loss of consciousness in 9.56 and 15.15%, respectively (Bulgarian data). When
      exposed to 5 +Gz and 6 +Gx no subjects displayed visual disorders or loss of
      consciousness (Soviet data). However, lower tolerance of 5 +Gz due to cardiac
      arrhythmias was observed in 4.8% atherosclerotic patients and in none healthy
      subjects. Lower tolerance to 6 +Gx associated with cardiac arrhythmias was
      recorder in 23.8% atherosclerotic versus 11.8% healthy subjects (i. e. 12% more).
      Nevertheless, in most subjects, both healthy and atherosclerotic, acceleration
      tolerance was good. These findings indicate that individual assessment of
      acceleration tolerance is of great importance for people older than 40 years with
      health abnormalities.

PMID- 4033042
TI  - [Effect of hypokinesia and +Gz loads on the transport function of blood in man].
AB  - The results of 44 studies of circulation parameters and blood transport function
      of 14 test subjects exposed to 7-day bed rest (-10 degrees head-down tilt) and
      acceleration -4.5 Gz have demonstrated that the blood transport carriers and
      their actively binding centers form working structures in the adaptive reactions.
      As compared to the pretest level, the distribution ratio of 14C-adenine between
      two immiscible phases (plasma/oil, erythrocytes/oil) varies from -12 to 14% on
      bed rest day 3 to +32 to 40% on bed rest day 7; it increases by 145-150% after
      exposure to acceleration +4.5 Gz. The parameters of the blood transport function
      give a quantitative description of its adaptive reactions to environmental
      effects.

PMID- 4033043
TI  - [Oxygen status and regional blood flow in the gingival mucosa as affected by
      lower body negative pressure].
AB  - Five test subjects were exposed to lower body negative pressure (LBNP). During
      exposure their regional circulation and oxygen balance of the gingival mucosa
      were measured and electrocardiography and kinetocardiography were performed to
      calculate parameters of the left heart function. The study showed a distinct
      correlation between LBNP tolerance and the level of compensatory reactions of the
      gingival mucosa blood flow and the cardiovascular system as a whole. The subjects
      with a high LBNP tolerance showed well pronounced regional compensatory reactions
      of the gingival mucosa that were not accompanied by significant changes in the
      left heart function. The subjects with a moderate tolerance exhibited either weak
      or no regional compensatory reactions of the gingival mucosa and significant
      changes in the left heart function.

PMID- 4033044
TI  - [Effect of water immersion on indices of central hemodynamics in subjects older
      than 45 years].
AB  - The effect of 7-day dry immersion on central hemodynamics of four test subjects,
      aged 46, with boundary arterial hypertension was investigated. The controls were
      two healthy men, aged 24. Central hemodynamics was examined by integrated
      rheography. Variations in blood pressure, central venous pressure, stroke and
      cardiac indexes, heart rate and total peripheral resistance were measured. The
      control subjects showed a decrease of blood pressure during exposure (P less than
      0.01). Two of the test subjects with a short history of boundary arterial
      hypertension displayed similar variations (P less than 0.01), whereas two others
      showed an increase of blood pressure during the immersion period (P less than
      0.01). The test and control subjects did not exhibit significant differences in
      the stroke and cardiac indexes, heart rate, central venous pressure or total
      peripheral resistance: stroke and cardiac indexes decreased while central venous
      pressure and total peripheral resistance increased, and heart rate remained
      unchanged.

PMID- 4033045
TI  - [Lipid hydrolysis during antiorthostatic hypokinesia in man].
AB  - Using present-day techniques, we measured the activity of pancreatic lipase in
      the serum and duodenal juice, the activity of monoglyceride lipase in the
      duodenal juice, the concentration of lipoproteins in the bile, the activity of
      intestinal enzymes (monoglyceride lipase and alkaline phosphatase) and the
      concentration of lipid fractions in the feces. These parameters were determined
      in six test subjects who were exposed to head-down tilt (-4.5 degrees) for 120
      days. Our findings suggest that bed rest decreases lipolytic enzymes in the
      duodenal juice and increases pancreatic lipase in the serum. The exposure also
      leads to a decrease of the lipoproteins in the bile, rearrangement of the
      lipolytic enzymes in the intestine, and to an increase of mono-, di- and
      triglycerides in the feces. Our results are indicative of changes in the
      pancreatic function and in lipid hydrolysis and absorption. They can be
      interpreted as compensatory-adaptive processes of the digestive organs.

PMID- 4033046
TI  - [Parity principle and kinematic asymmetries in the otolith system].
AB  - Using a mathematical model, otolith stimulation in response to man's movements in
      a system rotating with a constant angular velocity was examined. Man moved his
      head or body forward or sideward obeying the trapezoidal rule. The resulting
      accelerations that acted upon the left and right otoliths were determined. The
      existence of two otoliths that are symmetrical relative to the sagittal plane was
      found to be responsible for the left-right asymmetry that accompanied movements
      in the rotating system, the asymmetry being most distinct during tilts to the
      left or to the right.

PMID- 4033047
TI  - [Skeletal musculature of rats during modeling of the physiological effects of
      weightlessness (morphological study)].
AB  - In the experiment rats were suspended in the head-down position (at -15 to -20
      degrees) for 21 days. To study the effect of this exposure on skeletal muscles of
      their fore- and hindlimbs, morphological and histochemical methods were used.
      Changes in the hindlimbs were similar to those seen in real weightlessness of
      similar duration. The two antigravitational muscles - soleus and gastrocnemius
      muscles - showed greatest changes, i.e. atrophic and metabolic shifts. The biceps
      brachii muscle that changes insignificantly in the weightless state developed a
      destructive process (with degradation of myofibers) that was later replaced with
      a reparative process. The changes in this muscle are assumed to be associated
      with hemodynamic disorders. It is recognized that the method of rat suspension is
      adequate for a ground-based study of morphological effects of weightlessness on
      hindlimbs and is unacceptable for that of forelimbs where the exposure induces
      microcirculation disorders.

PMID- 4033048
TI  - [Effect of acute hypoxia on coronary and systemic hemodynamics].
AB  - Variations in coronary circulation, cardiac output and heart rate were examined
      by dopplerography in 14 test subjects kept in an altitude chamber. It was found
      that during acute hypoxia the effective coronary blood flow decreased distinctly
      prior to general circulatory disorders. It is recommended to monitor coronary
      circulation during altitude exposures.

PMID- 4033049
TI  - [Effect of heavy charged particles in galactic cosmic radiation on seeds].
AB  - The experiments were carried out on Lactuca sativa seeds exposed for 20, 66, 123
      and 308 days in a biostack also containing physical detectors of heavy charged
      particles. The purpose of the experiments was to measure the yield of aberrant
      cells and its dependence on the exposure time and the site where particles hit
      the object. The cytogenetic examination demonstrated a significant difference
      between the seeds that were or were not hit by heavy charged particles. This is
      indicative of a significant contribution of galactic cosmic radiation to the
      radiobiological effect. The yield of aberrant cells as a function of the
      localization of heavy charged particles in the seed was established. The most
      sensitive target was the root meristem.

PMID- 4033050
TI  - [Monitoring volatile substances during conduct of studies in conditions of
      lowered barometric pressure].

PMID- 4033051
TI  - [Determination of individual resistance to the action of hyperbaric oxygen].

PMID- 4033052
TI  - [Development of an interactive data processing system for human engineering
      studies].

PMID- 4033053
TI  - [Results of echocardiographic studies of Macaca mulatta monkeys at rest].

PMID- 4033054
TI  - [Lipogenesis in the liver of rats following flight on Cosmos-1129 biosatellite].

PMID- 4033055
TI  - [Means of resolving frustrating situations by flight and trainee personnel].

PMID- 4033056
TI  - Glucose phosphate dehydrogenase polymorphism and the genetics of linkage group II
      in the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus).
AB  - A new variant of glucose phosphate dehydrogenase was discovered in rat
      erythrocytes and shows autosomal dominant inheritance. The locus, provisionally
      denoted Gpd, is closely linked to catalase (Cs-1), and there is some evidence
      that these loci may be assignable to linkage group II. Also in linkage group II,
      Pgd (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) was found to be linked to b (brown). The
      linkage between Pgd and b permits linkage group II to be assigned to chromosome
      5.

PMID- 4033057
TI  - Intermittent sampling of portal venous blood and bile from guinea pigs.
AB  - A technique is described for intermittent collection of portal venous blood from
      guinea pigs through a catheter advanced from an ileal tributary of the cranio
      mesenteric vein into the portal vein and for the collection of bile from a
      catheter in the gallbladder after ligature obstruction of the common bile duct.

PMID- 4033058
TI  - Urethral plugs and urine retention in male mice.
AB  - Because MM male mice suffer from a high incidence of urinary tract infection, an
      assessment was made as to whether the urethral plugs, which occur in male
      rodents, might be involved in its aetiology. When killed, males more commonly
      retained urine in their bladders than females but there was no significant
      difference between strains or method of killing. Males also voided urine more
      often during stressful handling followed by abdominal pressure, but also retained
      some urine more often than females. The study of sexually immature mice
      demonstrated no sex differences and no urine was retained in any bladder. It was
      concluded that the high frequency of urine retention in mature males is
      attributable to the presence of urethral plugs but these could not be implicated
      in the cause of MM urinary tract infection because of comparable findings in the
      controls. However, the possibility was considered that the plugs might facilitate
      infection of the kidneys once a bladder infection had become established.

PMID- 4033059
TI  - A catheter system for long-term intravenous infusion in unrestrained rats.
AB  - An intravenous catheter system for long-term (at least 6-8 weeks) parenteral
      nutrition of unrestrained rats is described. The apparatus is inexpensive and can
      be constructed from commonly available materials.

PMID- 4033060
TI  - Haematology and pathology of captive southern grasshopper mice (Onychomys
      torridus).
AB  - A colony of Onychomys torridus was evaluated for the prevalence of infectious,
      parasitic and congenital diseases. Multiple limb defects including brachydactyly,
      syndactyly, and hemimelia were observed in offspring from the colony. The colony
      was parasitized by Ornithonyssus bacoti (tropical rat mites) on 2 occasions. No
      infectious diseases were detected. Normal haematologic values were determined in
      healthy adult animals.

PMID- 4033061
TI  - A new diabetic strain of rat (WBN/Kob).
AB  - A new, spontaneously occurring diabetic syndrome has been observed in the aged
      males of an inbred strain of Wistar rats, WBN/Kob. The main clinical sign,
      glycosuria, was first detected at about 60 weeks of age, and thereafter some
      animals developed hyperlipidaemia and gradual emaciation. Prior to the onset of
      glucosuria, male rats showed impaired glucose tolerance after a glucose load at
      21 weeks of age. The histopathologic lesions of the pancreas in the diabetic
      males consisted of multifocal fibrosis, decreased in number and size of islets
      and atrophy of exocrine tissue. Multifocal inflammatory foci of varying stages
      were the main pancreatic lesion in prediabetic male rats. This inflammatory
      change was detected even in 12-week-old rats and tended to occur around the
      islets. Therefore focal fibrosis and the decrease in the number and size of
      islets were considered to result from post-inflammatory scarring. The maturity
      onset of this syndrome and the impaired glucose tolerance in younger animals
      suggested that diabetes mellitus of this rat strain is insulin-independent type
      II. However, the histological lesions of the pancreas were somewhat different
      from previous reports of both type I and II diabetes mellitus in man and animals.

PMID- 4033063
TI  - Non-neoplastic lesions of female virgin Han:NMRI mice, incidence and influence of
      food restriction throughout life span. II: Respiratory tract.
AB  - A life-span study with 900 female virgin Han:NMRI mice (300 outbred controls, 300
      of a fat subline and 300 of a lean subline) was carried out to determine the
      occurrence of spontaneous diseases with ad libitum or restricted feeding. Rare
      non-neoplastic lesions of the lungs (1-8%) were secondary inflammations, focal
      ossification and subintimal arterial 'plaques'. More frequent were age-dependent
      pulmonary mineralizations similar to psammoma bodies (3-18%) and crystal
      formations (4-22%). Food restriction did not affect the incidence of these
      lesions directly. Crystals were observed furthermore within infoldings of the
      tracheobronchial mucosa and intra- as well as extracellularly in the nasal
      cavities.

PMID- 4033062
TI  - Non-neoplastic lesions of female virgin Han:NMRI mice, incidence and influence of
      food restriction throughout life span. I: Thyroid.
AB  - A life span study with 900 female virgin Han:NMRI mice (300 outbred controls, 300
      of a fat subline and 300 of a lean subline) was carried out to determine the
      occurrence of spontaneous disease with ad libitum or restricted feeding. The
      major age-dependent non-neoplastic alteration of the thyroid was a cystic
      distension of the ultimobranchial bodies (up to 90% in the oldest age groups).
      Most of the severely cystic thyroids were found in animals of the fat sublines
      and development seemed to be slightly delayed by food restriction. The cyst walls
      were composed of ciliated and non-ciliated granular or highly attenuated cells.
      The cysts contained Alcian blue and periodic acid Schiff positive substances.

PMID- 4033064
TI  - Monocontamination of germ-free mice by a fastidious unidentified anaerobe.
AB  - Over a period of several months, 5 germ-free mouse isolators became
      monocontaminated with seemingly the same fastidious, anaerobic bacilli which
      defied identification. The organism originated in rodent diet which had been
      exposed to gamma-irradiation. However, it was discovered retrospectively that the
      irradiation doses had not been monitored, and subsequent monitoring showed the
      desired dose of 5 Mrad was not achieved in some parts of the load. Although
      inadequate sterilization was the likely cause of contamination it was not
      possible to explain why only this fastidious anaerobe survived the treatment, and
      not other more common bacterial contaminants.

PMID- 4033065
TI  - Experiences with standardized feeding of rats with an automatic food dispensing
      apparatus.
AB  - A simple automatic food dispensing machine can be used to train rats to a regime
      of meal-feeding during one hour at night. Apart from some 20% of the animals
      which fail to adapt but can be recognized early during training on the basis of
      weight curve, a population of animals is obtained which show a high degree of
      standardization of rhythmic changes related to food intake and apparently have an
      adequate supply of food as shown by the protein mass of liver cells.

PMID- 4033066
TI  - Coordination of the contractile activity of bile canaliculi. Evidence from
      spontaneous contractions in vitro.
AB  - Rat hepatocytes, when isolated and maintained in primary culture, are capable of
      producing forceful contractions of their bile canaliculi, with contractions
      occurring on a regular basis once every 5.5 minutes. To determine whether the
      contraction of one bile canaliculus affected the contraction of a neighboring
      canaliculus, cinephotomicrographic studies of pairs of contiguous canaliculi were
      undertaken. The activity of 10 pairs of contiguous canaliculi, and 10 pairs of
      noncontiguous canaliculi which served as a control group, was recorded for a
      period of 12.5 hours at the rate of 1 frame every 15 seconds. Using frame-by
      frame analysis of this period of observation, we determined the time of
      contraction of each of the canaliculi in the pairs. Cross-correlations were
      obtained for the contraction times of each of the 10 pairs of contiguous
      canaliculi and 10 control pairs. A peak in activity was found, with that peak
      occurring five frames or 75 seconds from the midline, whereas the noncontiguous
      controls showed no correlation in contractile activity. This finding indicates
      that, when one bile canaliculus contracts, a neighboring canaliculus is likely to
      contract after an interval of 1.25 minutes. That there is coordination of
      contractile activity of bile canaliculi suggests that, within the intact liver
      lobule, ordered motility function of the bile canaliculi may facilitate bile
      flow.

PMID- 4033067
TI  - Coordination of the contractile activity of bile canaliculi. Evidence from
      calcium microinjection of triplet hepatocytes.
AB  - The discovery that bile canaliculi are capable of spontaneous contractile
      activity has led to their use in the investigation of the physiology of the liver
      cell. The contraction of a bile canaliculus is dependent on the network of actin,
      which is found in the pericanalicular region of the hepatocyte, and agents that
      inhibit actin filaments interfere with canalicular contraction. Injection of
      calcium directly into the cytoplasm of one hepatocyte of a cell pair results in
      contraction. Injection of calcium directly into the cytoplasm of one hepatocyte
      of a cell pair results in contraction of the canaliculus. To determine whether
      the contractile activity of adjacent bile canaliculi was coordinated, calcium was
      injected into one cell of a group of three hepatocytes that formed two
      neighboring bile canaliculi. Calcium microinjection resulted in contraction of
      the bile canaliculus contiguous with the microinjected cell and was followed by a
      contraction of the second, adjacent canaliculus. These secondary contractions
      occurred after an interval of approximately 45 seconds. The finding that bile
      canalicular contractions are coordinated with contractions occurring in a
      sequential fashion supports the hypothesis that, within the liver lobule,
      transport of bile within the canalicular network results from the coordinated
      contractions of the canaliculi.

PMID- 4033068
TI  - Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of endothelium reduces collagen and
      fibronectin synthesis.
AB  - Protein synthesis was assessed in virus-infected and -uninfected cultures of
      bovine aorta endothelial cells by following the incorporation of [14C]proline
      into nondialyzable protein and by use of an ELISA assay. Monolayers were infected
      at confluency by incubating with herpes simplex virus type I at a multiplicity of
      infection (ratio of virus to cells) of 1.0, 1 hour prior to the introduction of
      the [14C]proline. Samples were taken from infected and uninfected cultures at
      various time points postinfection from both medium and cell layer fractions and
      analyzed for total 14C-labeled protein, 14C-labeled collagen, and 14C-labeled
      fibronectin. Medium proteins were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      gel filtration, and electroimmunoblotting. No change was detected in total [14C]
      incorporation into nondialyzable protein in infected compared with uninfected
      endothelial cells; however, there was a significant decrease in the synthesis of
      collagen and fibronectin in infected cultures. The hydroxy[14C]proline content of
      fractionated medium proteins showed no significant differences between infected
      and uninfected cultures; therefore, the decrease in collagen synthesis cannot be
      explained by increased collagen degradation. These data suggest that infection of
      bovine endothelial cells causes a reduction in the synthesis of collagen and
      fibronectin.

PMID- 4033069
TI  - Immunocytochemical identification of estrogen receptor in ovarian carcinomas.
      Localization with monoclonal estrophilin antibodies compared with biochemical
      assays.
AB  - Estrogen receptor (estrophilin) has been identified in ovarian carcinomas by a
      variety of physicochemical methods. Since these methods require disruption of the
      tissue, they do not provide any anatomic information about the cellular
      distribution and location of receptor. The authors have used monoclonal
      estrophilin antibodies and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique to study the
      immunocytochemical localization of estrogen receptor in 43 tissue samples of
      ovarian carcinoma from 27 patients. The immunocytochemical findings were compared
      with the results of conventional estrogen receptor assays of cytosolic and
      nuclear extracts prepared from adjacent pieces of ovarian carcinoma. Exclusively
      nuclear localization of estrogen receptor was observed with the
      immunocytochemical technique in all of the 25 tumor samples which had a cytosolic
      estrogen receptor content, determined by either the dextran-coated charcoal or
      hydroxylapatite techniques, greater than 700 fmoles/gm wet weight of tissue. Only
      3 of 16 tumor samples with cytosolic estrophilin concentrations of less than 700
      fmoles/gm wet weight displayed nuclear staining for estrogen receptor; two of
      these three were metastases from receptor-rich primaries. Specific cytoplasmic
      staining for estrogen receptor was not observed. These results indicate that many
      ovarian carcinomas have estrogen receptor, predominantly localized in the
      nucleus, which is similar to tissues of the female genital tract (vagina, cervix,
      endometrium, fallopian tube) and breast carcinoma.

PMID- 4033070
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of calcium, potassium, and phosphorus in liver mitochondria
      stressed by carbon tetrachloride.
AB  - Previous measurements of elemental concentrations in liver mitochondria have
      generally required homogenization and fractionation of liver tissue, a procedure
      in which it is difficult to rule out ion movement between subcellular units. New
      techniques involving cryoultramicrotomy of rapidly frozen tissue, high resolution
      scanning transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray microanalysis were used to
      measure those elements in rat liver mitochondria reported to have changed
      following oral administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Increases in liver
      mitochondrial calcium were found 24 hr following intoxication by CCl4.
      Significant early (2 hr) mitochondrial increases in potassium and phosphorus were
      found following administration of CCl4. The electron microscope technique using
      quick-frozen samples promises to allow measurement of intracellular ionic
      concentrations under virtually lifelike conditions.

PMID- 4033071
TI  - Detection and confirmation of urinary cannabinoids.
AB  - Both a thin layer chromatographic procedure (TOXI-LAB) and two homogeneous
      immunoassays with differing sensitivity limits (EMIT-st, and EMIT d.a.u.) were
      used to test 525 urine specimens for metabolites of tetrahydrocannabinol.
      Negative results were obtained by all techniques for 283 specimens. The EMIT-st
      was positive for 184 specimens, the EMIT-d.a.u. for 47 additional specimens. The
      TOXI-LAB results were positive for all these 231 specimens. An additional 11
      specimens were positive by EMIT-d.a.u. and negative by TOXI-LAB. Gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of five of these 11 indicated that
      their average 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid concentration
      was 7.4 +/- 2.2 ng/mL, well below the lower detection limit of the TOXI-LAB
      procedure. Using both EMIT-d.a.u. and TOXI-LAB assures a reliable urinary
      cannabinoid analysis above a concentration of 25 ng/mL.

PMID- 4033072
TI  - Quantitation of cimetidine and cimetidine sulfoxide in serum by solid-phase
      extraction and solvent-recycled liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous
      determination of cimetidine and its major metabolite, cimetidine sulfoxide, was
      developed. These compounds and the internal standard, ornidazole, were extracted
      from 0.5 mL of serum using a solid phase Bond Elut C18 analytical column with
      detection at 229 nm. Absolute recoveries were 94 to 103%, 93 to 104%, and 95 to
      105% for cimetidine, cimetidine sulfoxide, and ornidazole, respectively. The
      minimum detection limit for cimetidine was 0.1 mg/L and for cimetidine sulfoxide
      was 0.05 mg/L when the concentrating step was used. Cimetidine and cimetidine
      sulfoxide demonstrated linearity up to 10 mg/L and 7.5 mg/L respectively, with
      the between-run precision of less than a 5% coefficient of variation for both
      compounds. Interferences from other drugs tested or endogenous substances in
      serum were not detected. The mobile phase was recycled to maintain better long
      term column stability and to minimize solvent cost. The instability of the drugs
      in solution was circumvented with a reduced-pressure drying process that produced
      working standards possessing longterm stability. The problem of drug
      interconversion observed during sample storage and with concentrating steps was
      controlled also. In addition, a resolution test mixture was chromatographed daily
      to control chromatographic quality.

PMID- 4033073
TI  - Determination of triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride in aqueous solution by
      reversed-phase ion-pairing high performance liquid chromatography and
      conductivity detection.
AB  - Triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride (TETA) has been used for the treatment of
      Wilson's disease which is a metabolic disorder that prevents its victims from
      eliminating excess copper. TETA was scheduled for toxicological evaluation
      because of a deficiency of such information. Analytical chemical procedures to
      determine the purity of the drug as well as the proper concentration and
      stability of the drug in dosed water were prerequisites for the toxicological
      tests. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure employing ion
      pairing and conductivity detection has been developed for the analysis of TETA in
      dosed water at levels as low as 10 micrograms/mL and for the determination of
      drug purity. The conductivity detector response was linear over the concentration
      range of 10 to 100 micrograms/mL. Data are presented concerning the stability of
      the drug in water during ambient storage and after autoclaving. An ancillary
      colorimetric procedure for the analysis of aqueous TETA solutions is also
      presented which is based on measuring the absorbance of the colored TETA copper
      chelate at 599 nm. The HPLC procedure is applicable to the analysis of TETA and
      the chemically similar polyamines spermidine and spermine in admixture.

PMID- 4033074
TI  - Gas chromatographic analysis of metaldehyde in urine and plasma.
AB  - A gas chromatographic assay specific for the direct analysis of metaldehyde in
      plasma and urine is reported. This assay takes less than 30 min to perform, has
      good reproducibility, requires only routine equipment, and has a sensitivity of 1
      ng/microL for urine and 2 ng/microL for plasma.

PMID- 4033075
TI  - Determination of polysorbate in ascites fluid from a premature infant.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)oligomers
      in body fluids using ammonium cobaltothiocyanate complexation in conjunction with
      high pressure liquid chromatography and visible spectrophotometry. Analysis of
      peritoneal fluid from a baby given E-ferol, a vitamin E supplement, revealed
      levels as high as 100 micrograms/mL polysorbate.

PMID- 4033077
TI  - A discussion of principal component analysis.

PMID- 4033076
TI  - A mescaline associated fatality.
AB  - The death of an individual under the influence of mescaline is presented.
      Concentrations of the drug were 9.7, 70.8, and 1163 micrograms/mL or micrograms/g
      in blood, liver, and urine respectively.

PMID- 4033078
TI  - A discussion of "unusually high cannabinoid concentrations in urine".

PMID- 4033079
TI  - Principles of infection, resistance of infection and chemotherapy.

PMID- 4033080
TI  - Aspects of newborn infection.

PMID- 4033081
TI  - Urinary tract infections in paediatric practice.

PMID- 4033082
TI  - Central nervous system infections.

PMID- 4033083
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid glucose level, cerebrospinal fluid/blood glucose ratio in the
      diagnosis of septic meningitis.

PMID- 4033084
TI  - Aspects of male hypogonadism.

PMID- 4033085
TI  - An approach to abnormal sexual differentiation.

PMID- 4033086
TI  - Sex steroid therapy in children and adolescents.

PMID- 4033087
TI  - An approach to the diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's syndrome in children.

PMID- 4033088
TI  - The infant of a diabetic mother.

PMID- 4033090
TI  - Spinal decompression sickness at unusually shallow depth.

PMID- 4033089
TI  - Hospital mortality in a Singapore paediatric unit. A 20 year review (1964-1983).

PMID- 4033091
TI  - Absence from work following vasectomy.

PMID- 4033092
TI  - Cross-sectional study of respiratory effects of arc welding.

PMID- 4033093
TI  - Review of District Occupational Health Departments for National Health Service
      staff in the North Western Region of England.

PMID- 4033094
TI  - An unusual case of mercury contamination.

PMID- 4033095
TI  - NMR imaging--method and applications.

PMID- 4033096
TI  - An hypothesis for the role of the spine in human locomotion: a challenge to
      current thinking.
AB  - Locomotion was first achieved by the motion of the spine. The limbs came after,
      as an improvement, not as a substitute; and yet, analysis of bipedal gait
      concentrates almost exclusively on the motion of the limbs. The requirements for
      land locomotion are examined from a general point of view and the evolution of
      the vertebrate spine is presented as a mechanism designed to move the animal. The
      necessary spinal movements are also analysed; the role of the musculoskeletal
      system is discussed and it is shown that the lumbar spine is a key structure in
      land locomotion, the pelvis being driven by the spine. The optimum control of
      motion demands that the stress at all the intervertebral joints should be
      minimized and equalized. This theory of locomotion requires the central nervous
      system to control the torque at those intervertebral joints and suggests that a
      breakdown of the control system would result in torsional failure of the spine.
      The theory is supported by EMG, force and torque data collected from several
      sources.

PMID- 4033097
TI  - Transient interactions between blood pressure, respiration and heart rate in man.
AB  - Auto regressive spectral estimation techniques have been used to follow transient
      interactions between mean blood pressure, respiration and heart rate. This
      demonstrates that these inter-relationships are variable. It is concluded that
      while central modulation of heart rate is the major factor in the interactions,
      when the heart rate is fixed, peripheral modulation of the blood pressure by
      respiration is clearly demonstrated.

PMID- 4033098
TI  - Laser Doppler measurements of blood flow in skin tissue.
AB  - Measurements of blood flow in skin tissue have been made using a low power helium
      neon laser, with a pair of multi-modal plastic optic fibres to transmit the laser
      radiation to the skin, one similar fibre to collect the scattered laser
      radiation, and photodiode detection. Before transmission to the skin surface one
      of the laser beams is frequency shifted by reflection from a moving corner cube,
      enabling the experimenter to distinguish between low frequency blood flow
      dependent signals having a Doppler shift origin, and those low frequency signals
      generated by other sources of intensity fluctuation such as fibre movement,
      number fluctuations and laser amplitude modulation.

PMID- 4033100
TI  - Digital sampling rate and ECG analysis.
AB  - The influence of sampling rate on the accuracy of measurements of various ECG
      parameters has been studied. Statistical analysis showed no significant
      difference between results obtained at sampling rates of 500 and 250 samples s-1.
      Recordings made at 125 samples s-1, however, showed significant reductions in
      peak amplitude values. Some interval measurements also varied significantly to
      both larger and smaller values. Other intervals did not seem to be affected
      significantly. It is concluded that a sampling rate of 125 samples s-1 could be
      used in particular conditions when only the measurement of certain intervals is
      required.

PMID- 4033099
TI  - Resurfacing elbow prosthesis: shape and sizing of the humeral component.
AB  - The sizing and dimensioning of a new unconstrained elbow prosthesis makes use of
      a geometric axis for humeral articulating surface definition, an axis which is
      precisely positioned with respect to extra-articular anatomical landmarks. The
      geometry of the joint was determined by a slicing and digitization technique. It
      was found that for the humerus an axisymmetric surface is evident and that there
      exists a centroidal axis which is mostly linear except for a portion at the
      posterior lateral flange of the trochlea. Sizing studies were carried out on dry
      bone anatomical specimens and, using a standardized X-ray technique, on the
      elbows of volunteer subjects. Seven dimensions were chosen for statistical
      analysis of the joint. A multi-variate normal distribution model, using only the
      first principal component was found to account for 70% of the variance;
      components 2 and 3 explained a further 19%. From this analysis, one series of
      three and five sizes of prosthetic dimensions were established for 95% overall
      coverage of population.

PMID- 4033101
TI  - Torsional tests of long bones with computerized equipment.
AB  - An experimental method using a computerized torsion machine to study the
      mechanics of entire diaphyseal bones is described. Besides controlling continuous
      torsion to ultimate fracture of the bone, the computer is able to use non
      linearity of the torque-twist curve as a criterion for reversal of the direction
      of torsion and to control repeated loadings and unloadings with a graduated
      increase of deformation until final fracture. It permits determination of a small
      residual deformation, and several other parameters characterizing the load
      deformation curve. The linearity of the equipment is shown to be good and
      precision is high, with a method error of 2.3% when determining stiffness.
      Repeated loadings and unloadings of entire dog femora revealed a minor residual
      deformation before ultimate fracture.

PMID- 4033102
TI  - Tools for high tibial wedge osteotomy.
AB  - Surgical instruments are described which have been developed for use in high
      tibial wedge osteotomy. This operation is a treatment for degenerative arthritis
      of the knee in which one compartment of the joint is predominantly affected
      resulting in a deformity. Realignment of the bones alters the load distribution
      on the joint which can relieve pain. Tools have been designed to facilitate the
      removal of a wedge of bone cut at a precise angle calculated from load bearing
      radiographs. The tools are a marker pin guide and a saw guide; their use has
      resulted in accurate bone realignment confirmed by postoperative radiographs.

PMID- 4033103
TI  - Domiciliary medicine.

PMID- 4033104
TI  - Compliance, mass, and shape of the canine left ventricle after global ischemia
      analyzed with two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - End-diastolic pressure (EDP)-volume (EDV) curves were constructed for the left
      ventricle (LV) in 10 dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass before and after 45 min of
      normothermic ischemic arrest. LVEDV and mass were calculated from three
      perpendicular two-dimensional echocardiographic sections using a Simpson's rule
      algorithm. The echocardiographic method employed was specially developed in
      earlier work for physiologic studies in dogs. Postmortem pressure-volume curves
      were measured for comparison by direct saline infusion into sealed ventricles.
      LVEDV was plotted against LVEDP (0-20 mm Hg) and data were analyzed by two-way
      analysis of variance and also by exponential curve fitting to the relation EDP =
      alpha e beta EDV, where beta is the derived exponential constant reflecting slope
      and thereby ventricular stiffness. Postischemic EDP-EDV curves shifted to the
      left and the beta constant increased (beta = 0.02 +/- 0.005 (SE) vs 0.05 +/-
      0.01, P less than 0.05). LV eccentricity, the ratio between long- and short-axis
      measurements, was unchanged (1.43 +/- 0.05 vs 1.46 +/- 0.06 postischemia, NS),
      but LV mass increased (105 +/- 7 vs 128 +/- 9 g postischemia, P less than 0.001).
      Postischemic LV mass by echo was not significantly different from measured
      postmortem LV mass (r = 0.87). The nonparallel alteration in the EDP-EDV curves,
      lack of change in LV shape (eccentricity), and increase in LV mass in the
      postischemic ventricle suggest that increased ventricular stiffness rather than
      direct encroachment by the edematous endocardium on chamber volume is responsible
      for postischemic changes in LV diastolic properties.

PMID- 4033105
TI  - Enhanced cardioplegic protection by a fluorocarbon-oxygenated reperfusate: a
      phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study.
AB  - Prolonged global ischemia results in a defect in oxygen extraction during early
      reperfusion. This study was thus undertaken to assess the effects of maintaining
      cardioplegia at the onset of reoxygenation in view of channeling available energy
      toward reparative cell processes rather than mechanical activity. Twenty-four
      isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to 120 min of 15 degrees C ischemia.
      Group I (control) was reperfused with the standard Krebs perfusion medium whereas
      in groups II and III the initial reperfusate consisted of an oxygenated alkaline
      cardioplegic solution prior to the resumption of Krebs perfusion. Oxygenation of
      the cardioplegic reperfusate was ensured by fluorocarbons at a concentration of
      10% (O2 content: 5.5 vol %; group II) or 20% (O2 content: 9 vol %; group III). In
      addition to hemodynamical determinations, high-energy phosphates and
      intracellular pH were monitored serially by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy. After 30 min of reperfusion postischemic recovery of
      aortic flow was better in group II (74.0 +/- 5.9% of control) than in group I
      (59.1 +/- 5.4% of control, P less than 0.05). This functional improvement
      correlated with a higher postischemic increase in phosphocreatine levels (103.21
      +/- 11.21% vs 74.12 +/- 3.59%, at 3 min of reperfusion, P less than 0.05) without
      significant differences in total ATP content. Group III hearts exhibited a slow
      recovery as evidenced by a severe depression in aortic flow, coronary
      arteriovenous difference, and total phosphate content during the 15 initial
      minutes of reperfusion. These results show that the protection provided by
      cardioplegia can be improved by a fluorocarbon-oxygenated cardioplegic
      reperfusate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4033106
TI  - Determination of heat gain in the inferior vena cava during thermodilution
      measurements.
AB  - The measurement of blood flow in the inferior vena cava (IVC) by thermodilution
      may be useful in the determination of hepatic venous blood flow (HVBF), but is
      subject to major errors. The most serious error is gain of heat from the
      abdominal viscera by the cool thermodiluent bolus as it moves up the IVC. The
      determination or elimination of this heat gain is necessary for accurate IVC
      blood flow measurement. By comparison of the area under the curve (AUC) for
      cardiac output following femoral vein injection of the thermodiluent bolus to the
      AUC following right ventricular injection of the thermodiluent, it is possible to
      quantitatively determine the unidirectional heat gain by the bolus at it moves up
      the IVC. The heat gain varied from 0 to 40% of the thermodiluent injected. The
      factors that aggravated the heat gain were a low cardiac output (below 4000
      ml/mn), a large thermodiluent calorie load (over -40 calories), and possibly a
      slow transit time. The error due to heat gain may be effectively eliminated by
      keeping the size of the thermodiluent bolus below 40 negative calories.

PMID- 4033107
TI  - Comparative hemodynamic effects of selective superior mesenteric arterial and
      peripheral intravenous glucagon infusions.
AB  - This experiment was designed to determine whether any hemodynamic benefits attend
      administration of equal pharmacologic doses of glucagon (1 micrograms/kg/m) by
      continuous intravenous infusion (Group I, n = 6) versus selective intraarterial
      infusion (Group II, n = 6) via the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in dogs.
      Cardiac output, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance,
      pulmonary vascular resistance, superior mesenteric artery flow (SMAQ), SMA
      vascular resistance, and portal venous pressure were measured at baseline (BL)
      and at 5, 15, 30, and 45 min during glucagon infusion. SMAQ virtually doubled at
      5 min from a baseline of 570 +/- 60 ml/min to 1158 +/- 146 ml/min in Group I (P
      less than 0.001), and from a baseline of 527 +/- 171 to 1018 +/- 331 ml/min in
      Group II (P less than 0.002). SMAQ was significantly higher in Group I at 30 and
      45 min compared to Group II (P less than 0.03) despite similar peripheral plasma
      glucagon levels. SMA vascular resistance was significantly lowered in both
      groups, with a greater reduction occurring during intravenous glucagon
      administration at 45 min (P less than 0.05). Changes in systemic hemodynamic
      parameters, as well as glucagon and glucose levels were not statistically
      different between Groups I and II at any time period. Glucagon is a potent
      mesenteric vasodilator and the resultant profound splanchnic hemodynamic effects
      are as marked during intravenous administration as during selective SMA infusion.

PMID- 4033108
TI  - Optimal redox electrode potential for 24-hour rabbit kidney perfusion.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine whether an optimum redox electrode
      potential existed for 24-hr hypothermic perfusion of rabbit kidneys. The
      perfusate consisted of a Ringer's-albumin solution to which was added varying
      amounts of the reducing agents, glutathione and ascorbate, either individually or
      in equimolar amounts. Electrode potential was monitored with a vitreous carbon
      electrode in relation to a silver-silver chloride reference cell, and kidney
      function was measured after preservation by connection to the circulation of a
      perfusor animal via a shunt. The best results were obtained using equimolar
      amounts of the reducing agents. Under these circumstances a definite optimum
      range for perfusate electrode potential was identified (Es = 40-70 mV) within
      which renal function was indistinguishable from unpreserved controls. Higher and
      lower perfusate electrode potentials were associated with significantly lower
      creatinine clearances. However, the explanation for these results appeared to be
      more complex than redox control alone, since kidney function was dependent not
      only on the redox potential of the perfusate but also on the reducing agents with
      which the adjustment had been made. Ascorbate proved to be significantly better
      than glutathione within the optimum potential range.

PMID- 4033109
TI  - Evaluation of surgical tapes for wound closure.
AB  - The performance of four wound closure tapes was evaluated by a series of
      standardized tests. The tapes examined in this study were a nonwoven microporous
      tape, a nonwoven microporous reinforced tape, a gauze tape, and a polyurethane
      tape. The performance of these tapes was assessed by measuring their breaking
      strength, degree of elongation under loading, adhesion to skin, air and water
      vapor transmission, and bacterial growth under the tape. On the basis of these in
      vitro and in vivo studies, the nonwoven microporous tape is recommended for skin
      closure. This tape has a nonwoven microporous structure with an adhesive that
      aggressively adheres to the underlying skin. It is strong enough to resist
      breakage during clinical use and elongates sufficiently to prevent blister
      formation. Its microporous structure permits rapid air transmission in vitro and
      results in an environment that is antithetical to bacterial growth.

PMID- 4033110
TI  - Rupture of the liver in preeclampsia. A review and report of two cases.

PMID- 4033111
TI  - Management of subclavian vascular injuries.

PMID- 4033112
TI  - Psychotropic drug use in older people: a review.

PMID- 4033113
TI  - High risk registry update.

PMID- 4033114
TI  - Modulation of DNA binding of glucocorticoid receptor by aurintricarboxylic acid.
AB  - Effects of aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) were examined on the DNA binding
      properties of rat liver glucocorticoid-receptor complex. The DNA-cellulose
      binding capacity of the glucocorticoid-receptor complex was completely abolished
      by a pretreatment of receptor preparation with 0.1-0.5 mM ATA at 4 degrees C. The
      half-maximal inhibition (i.d.50) in the DNA binding of [3H]triamcinolone
      acetonide-receptor complex [( 3H]TARc) was observed at 130- and 40 microM ATA
      depending upon whether the inhibitor was added prior to or following the receptor
      activation. The entire DNA-cellulose bound [3H]TARc could be extracted in a
      concentration-dependent manner by incubation with 2-100 microns ATA. The [3H]TARc
      remained intact under the above conditions, the receptor in both control and ATA
      treated preparations sedimented in the same region in salt-containing 5-20%
      sucrose gradients. The action of ATA appeared to be on the receptor and not on
      DNA-cellulose. The DNA-binding capacity of ATA-treated receptor preparations
      could be recovered upon exhaustive dialysis. The treatment with ATA did not
      appear to change the ionic behavior of heat activated GRc; the receptor in both
      control and the ATA-treated preparations showed similar elution profiles.
      Therefore, ATA appears to alter the binding to and dissociation of glucocorticoid
      receptor complex from DNA. The use of ATA should offer a good chemical probe for
      analysis of the DNA binding domain(s) of the glucocorticoid receptor.

PMID- 4033115
TI  - Physical-chemical properties of the estrogen receptor solubilized by micrococcal
      nuclease.
AB  - The physical-chemical properties of the nuclear estrogen receptor from MCF-7
      cells were determined. The receptor was solubilized by micrococcal nuclease.
      Nuclei were isolated from cells previously exposed to 10 nM [3H]estradiol. The
      amount of receptor released was parallel to the extent of chromatin solubilized,
      which suggested that the receptor is homogeneously distributed on the chromatin.
      Following mild nuclease digestion the excised receptor sedimented as an abundant
      6-7 S form and as a less abundant approximately 12 S species. The 6-7 S form
      represented the receptor excised in association with linker DNA, while the
      approximately 12 S may represent receptor bound to linker DNA which remained
      associated with the nucleosome. Increasing the extensiveness of digestion
      resulted in one receptor form sedimenting at 5.6 S. Additional digestion with
      DNase I did not affect the sedimentation coefficient of the receptor.
      Sedimentation of the micrococcal nuclease hydrolysate in a 0.4 M KCl sucrose
      gradient resulted in a 4.2 S receptor form. The same receptor form was extracted
      from undigested nuclei with 0.4 M KCl. Using Sephadex G-200 column chromatography
      we have determined the Stokes radii (Rs), molecular weight (Mr) and frictional
      ratio (f/fo) for the 5.6 S and 4.2 S receptor forms. For the 5.6 S form: Rs =
      7.04 nm, Mr = 163,000 and (f/fo) = 1.80. For the 4.2 S receptor, Rs = 4.45 nm, Mr
      = 77,000 and (f/fo) = 1.46. The ability of the nuclease solubilized 5.6 S
      receptor to bind DNA was tested using DNA-cellulose column and highly polymerized
      DNA. About 40% of the applied receptor bound to the column and could be eluted by
      high salt concentrated buffer. The 5.6 S receptor form was sedimented on sucrose
      gradient by the highly polymerized DNA. These results suggested that the receptor
      is bound in chromatin as a dimer or as a monomer in association with other
      protein(s) which complexed it with DNA.

PMID- 4033116
TI  - Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in rabbit mammary alveolar explants by
      progesterone and related steroids.
AB  - The possible inhibitory effect of steroids related to progesterone on prolactin
      stimulated fatty acid synthesis in mammary alveolar explants from 11-day
      pseudopregnant rabbits, after culture, was investigated. Like progesterone, 17
      alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, medroxyprogesterone
      acetate, ethinodiol diacetate, ORG 2058 were inhibitory whereas pregnenolone and
      5 alpha-pregnan-3,20-dione were not.

PMID- 4033117
TI  - Circular dichroism study of the interaction between conformationally altered
      human serum albumin and testosterone.
AB  - Binding ability of testosterone (TEST) on conformationally altered human serum
      albumin (HSA) in the presence of several concentrations of NaSCN, urea and KCl at
      various pH was examined qualitatively on the basis of the rotational strength at
      303, 273 and 208 nm by means of circular dichroism (CD). The values of the
      binding index expressed as a ratio of [theta]303/[theta]273 at each rotational
      strength in the presence of various concentrations of salt at pH 7.4 were
      inversely proportional, parallel, and independent of the alpha-helix content
      based on the peptide backbone alteration of HSA by urea, KCl and NaSCN,
      respectively. The values in the presence of a constant concentration of 1.0 M
      urea or KCl at various pH were dependent on the salt, showing a significant
      effect of these salts on the binding sites of the amino acid chain rather than
      the peptide backbone of the protein. It was generally observed that the decrease
      in alpha-helix content caused by pH changes tends to decrease the binding ability
      of TEST to HSA. The decreased binding index value observed in 40 mM NaSCN causing
      a low alpha-helix content, suggests that the secondary conformational changes
      caused by the salt might not be related to the binding ability, in contrast to
      the results of urea or KCl at different pH. It was clearly demonstrated that the
      binding ability of TEST to HSA is closely associated with skeletal conformational
      alterations as well as changes in the binding sites of the amino acid side chains
      of the protein.

PMID- 4033118
TI  - The effect of spironolactone on genital skin 5 alpha-reductase activity.
AB  - The effect of spironolactone (S) on genital skin 5 alpha-reductase activity (5
      alpha-RA) of hirsute women (HW) in vivo as well as in normal genital skin in
      vitro was evaluated. Thirteen HW (Ferriman-Gallwey score of 23.3 +/- 2.8)
      received S 100 mg twice a day for a month. Twenty-three non-hirsute women were
      selected as controls for the assessment of genital skin 5 alpha-RA. S was added
      to incubations of genital skin from 9 additional controls in vitro in
      concentrations from 1.2 X 10(-8) to 10(-5) M. HW had significantly higher
      conversion ratios (CR) of T to DHT compared to controls (P less than 0.05). Post
      treatment values for the CR T to DHT were significantly lower than prior to S
      (17.5 +/- 1.7 and 8.05 +/- 1.2%, P less than 0.05) and the mass of DHT produced
      also decreased by 37 +/- 9% (P less than 0.05). The CR T to 3 alpha-diol
      decreased by 30 +/- 9% (P less than 0.05). In 11 of 13 women, a significant
      reduction of 5 alpha-RA was demonstrated while in 2 patients the activity
      remained unchanged. The maximum in vitro inhibitory effect of S on the CR T to
      DHT occurred with a concentration of 1.2 X 10(-5) M (P less than 0.01). In
      conclusion, S has a direct inhibitory effect on 5 alpha-RA. The beneficial effect
      of S treatment in HW may be related, in part, to this inhibition of 5 alpha-RA.

PMID- 4033120
TI  - Synthesis of 19-hydroxyaldosterone and the 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene analog of
      aldosterone, active mineralocorticoids.
AB  - 19-Hydroxyaldosterone (20) and the 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene analog of aldosterone
      (HAA) (8) were synthesized from 21-acetoxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dion-20-ethylene ketal
      18, 11 beta-lactone (2) as follows: the double bond was transposed from the 4,5
      to the 5,6-position by enol acetylation to 3, followed by sodium borohydride
      reduction. Further reduction of the resulting lactone 4a with diisobutylaluminum
      hydride (DIBAH) furnished the 20-ketal of HAA 6, from which free HAA (8) and the
      18,21-anhydro compound 7 were obtained by acid treatment. The [1H]NMR spectrum of
      8 in CDCl3 showed it to be a mixture of two isomeric forms. Correlation with the
      known aldosterone-gamma-etiolactone (10) was established by periodate oxidation
      of HAA to the corresponding etiolactone 9 followed by chromic acid oxidation. The
      preparation of 20 was next effected in the following manner: the diacetate 4b was
      converted into the 6 beta, 19-oxido compound 13b by addition of hypobromous acid
      followed by the hypoiodite reaction of the bromohydrin 11. Mild saponification of
      13b lead to the corresponding diol 13a, and was followed by selective oxidation
      to the 3-one 14, readily dehydrobrominated to 15a. Reductive ring opening
      furnished a mixture of the 19,21-diol 16a and its 5-ene isomer 16b, which was
      directly converted to the diketal 17. Reduction with DIBAH gave the hemiacetal
      18, and hydrolysis of the latter 19-hydroxyaldosterone (20) as a water-soluble
      solid, accompanied by the 18,21-anhydro compound 19. 19-Hydroxyaldosterone exists
      in CHCl3 and water as a mixture of mainly two isomers. Periodate oxidation
      furnished the etiolactone 21. Preliminary results indicate that HAA and 19
      hydroxyaldosterone are active mineralocorticoids in the Kagawa bioassay and short
      circuit current measurements.

PMID- 4033119
TI  - Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in epididymis, vas deferens, seminal
      vesicle and preputial gland of mice after hCG injection.
AB  - Temporal changes of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were
      measured by RIA in epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and preputial gland
      of adult male mice after a single injection of hCG. The response of circulating T
      to hCG stimulation was rapid and persisted over a period of 48 h. The temporal
      changes of androgen content of target organs paralleled the modifications of
      circulating T. In all organs the high androgen levels attained at 1 or 4 h
      plateaued until 24 h, decreased thereafter and returned to basal values at 72 h.
      The concentration of T by sex accessory organs was more accelerated by hCG
      injection than its conversion into DHT.

PMID- 4033121
TI  - Isolation and identification of 25-hydroxydihydrotachysterol2 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxydihydrotachysterol2 and 1 beta,25-dihydroxydihydrotachysterol2.
AB  - Three metabolites of orally administered dihydrotachysterol2 have been isolated
      in impure form from serum of rats. These metabolites have been identified as 25
      hydroxydihydrotachysterol2 and two epimers of formula 1-ambo,25
      dihydroxydihydrotachysterol2 by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and
      ultraviolet absorption spectrometry. For the first time this provides evidence
      for 9,10-seco steroid hydroxylation at pseudo C3. The stereochemistry of the 1
      hydroxyl group of the two epimers could be established tentatively by
      quantitative comparison of the mass spectra of their respective trimethylsilyl
      derivatives. Since purity requirements were not achieved, biological activities
      could not be determined.

PMID- 4033122
TI  - Binding of [3H]aldosterone to a single population of cells within the rat
      epididymis.
AB  - Using the dry-mount autoradiographic technique, a single population of cells
      within the rat epididymis, the clear cells, have been shown to bind
      [3H]aldosterone at a nuclear site. Competitive binding experiments demonstrated
      that aldosterone was more potent than desoxycorticosterone than testosterone in
      reducing the nuclear uptake of radioactive aldosterone. Furthermore, the other
      epididymal cells (principal and basal cells) in all regions of the epididymis
      were not significantly labelled; occasional labelling was noted in some
      endothelial and stromal cells. It is suggested that aldosterone may play a role
      in controlling the intracellular and transcellular movement of ions and water
      necessary for concentrating absorbed macromolecules in the clear cell.

PMID- 4033123
TI  - A simple in vitro approach to the estimation of the biopotency of drugs affecting
      adrenal steroidogenesis.
AB  - Dispersed guinea-pig adrenal cells can be maximally stimulated to secrete
      cortisol by adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH greater than 50 ng/l). Further, this
      stimulation appears to be specific to ACTH alone, with other naturally occurring
      chemicals (e.g. steroids, protein hormones) at supra-physiological concentrations
      being without effect on cortisol production. The effect of drugs of differing
      structure and therapeutic function (aminogluthethimide, metyrapone, trilostane,
      17-ketotrilostane, danazol, epostane, megestrol acetate, stanozolol and
      etomidate) on ACTH-stimulated (50 ng/l) cortisol production has been tested in
      this system. All the drugs depressed steroid output in a similar dose-related
      fashion. The concentration of drug which inhibited cortisol output by 50% was
      (mumol/l, mean +/- SEM): etomidate 0.097 +/- 0.002: epostane 0.44 +/- 0.02: 17
      ketotrilostane 0.55 +/- 0.04: trilostane 1.3 +/- 0.1: metyrapone 3.5 +/- 0.6:
      megestrol acetate, 11 +/- 2: danazol 22 +/- 2: aminogluthethimide 41 +/- 5:
      stanozolol 50 +/- 4. Thus, etomidate, an anaesthetic, is more potent than the
      established anti-steroidogenic drugs metyrapone, aminogluthethimide and
      trilostane. Further, direct anti-steroidogenic effects have been demonstrated for
      megestrol acetate and stanozolol for the first time. We conclude that this
      technique offers a promising new approach to the assessment of biological potency
      of drugs affecting endocrine tissues.

PMID- 4033124
TI  - The metabolism of estradiol 17-sulfate by pheochromocytoma tissue.
AB  - The metabolism of estradiol 17-sulfate by subcellular localization enzymes of
      pheochromocytoma tissue obtained from a 41-year old female was investigated. In
      any incubations under the presence of NADH and NADPH, metabolites hydroxylated at
      the C-2, C-4, C-6 beta, C-7 alpha and C-7 beta positions were produced. These
      hydroxylations are considered to occur without cleavage of the sulfate group. The
      2-hydroxylation at the substrate concentration of 100 microM by mitochondria,
      microsomes and cytosol fractions occurred at rates of 141, 222 and 167 pmol/mg
      protein/30 min, respectively; the corresponding rates for the 4-hydroxylation
      were 24, 40 and 38 pmol/mg protein/30 min. Mitochondrial 2- and 4-hydroxylations
      were enhanced by addition of calcium ion (Ca2+) into the incubation medium.

PMID- 4033125
TI  - Reactivity to alcohol-related cues: physiological and subjective responses in
      alcoholics and nonproblem drinkers.
AB  - Physiological reactivity and self-reported desire to drink in nonproblem drinkers
      (N = 11 women and 15 men) and hospitalized alcoholics (N = 25 women and 34 men)
      were examined while subjects held and sniffed their preferred alcoholic beverage.
      Skin conductance level (SCL) and heart rate during alcohol exposure were
      significantly higher in the alcoholics than in the non-alcoholics. Self-reported
      desire to drink and SCL during alcohol exposure were correlated for alcoholics
      but not for nonalcoholics. Among alcoholics, SCL change was positively correlated
      with the number of heavy-drinking days in the month preceding admission to
      treatment. Consistent with conditioning models of relapse, alcoholics showed a
      distinctive response to alcohol cues, characterized by autonomic reactivity and
      concordance between this reactivity and self-reported desire for alcohol.

PMID- 4033126
TI  - A prospective study of young men at high risk for alcoholism: school behavior and
      achievement.
AB  - From a large consecutive birth cohort in Denmark, 134 sons of alcoholic fathers
      (high-risk group) and 70 matched controls were selected for a prospective
      longitudinal study of alcoholism. A premorbid multidisciplinary assessment was
      conducted at age 19-20. Data were derived from three sources: a social worker
      interview, a psychopathological interview that also collected information about
      current drinking pattern, and a questionnaire sent to teachers. The high-risk
      group reported having experienced a more disturbed school career, and were rated
      by their teachers as having been more impulsive and as having had poorer verbal
      proficiency. These factors may be predictive of future alcoholism.

PMID- 4033127
TI  - Patterns of alcohol use and physically aggressive behavior in men.
AB  - Research on the relationship between alcohol use and aggressive behavior has
      typically focused on arrested felons and has contained minimal data on alcohol
      use, the symptoms of alcoholism and potential explanatory variables. The present
      study examined this relationship in a community-based population of blue-collar
      workers (N = 484 men). Current alcohol consumption was not related to either the
      number of fights that subjects were involved in since age 18 or physical marital
      conflict. However, a pathological pattern of consumption and a recent diagnosis
      (within the previous 3 yr) of alcohol misuse or alcohol dependence were related
      to physical marital conflict. Furthermore, these relationships remained
      significant after sociodemographic factors, and hostility and marital
      satisfaction were controlled for. Thus, these results on aggressive behavior
      confirm previous findings from research on criminal violence.

PMID- 4033128
TI  - A cross-ethnic comparison of reasons given for using alcohol, not using alcohol
      or ceasing to use alcohol.
AB  - In a study that included six different racial-ethnic groups in Hawaii, the
      reasons given by drinkers for drinking, abstainers for not drinking and former
      drinkers for ceasing to drink were assessed. Although there were group
      differences in frequencies of endorsement of given reasons for drinking, for not
      drinking or for ceasing to drink, the findings of similarity were most
      impressive. Drinkers, abstainers and former drinkers were similar across racial
      ethnic groups in their proportions of endorsement of given reasons for drinking,
      abstaining or ceasing to use alcohol. Although reasons for drinking varied across
      racial-ethnic groups, they varied much more across groups that differed in
      alcohol consumption independent of ethnicity, with all reasons for drinking being
      more often endorsed as consumption increased. In addition, the citation of more
      pathological reasons for drinking was associated with a greater number of
      drinking problems.

PMID- 4033129
TI  - Effects of family drinking history and expectancies on responses to alcohol in
      men.
AB  - The effects of family drinking history and expectancies on responses to alcohol
      were studied in men nonproblem drinkers aged 19-30. A total of 24 subjects who
      reported a history of parental alcoholism (FH+) were compared with matched
      controls who did not have such a family history (FH-) on their responses to
      drinking either a placebo beverage, a low dose of alcohol or a high dose of
      alcohol. Despite comparable levels of tolerance and blood alcohol levels (BALs),
      FH- subjects reported higher levels of intoxication, behavioral impairment,
      anesthesia and central stimulation than FH+ subjects, regardless of the dose
      consumed. In contrast, FH+ subjects did more poorly on a timed motor task. There
      were no significant differences between the two groups on their self-reported
      beliefs about the effects of alcohol. However, multiple-regression analyses
      showed that BAL accounted for a greater percentage of the variance in the self
      report data of FH- subjects, whereas expectancies were more predictive for the
      FH+ subjects. The results suggest that FH+ subjects did not base their
      evaluations of the effects of alcohol as closely on the internal and external
      consequences of intoxication. This finding is discussed as being one component of
      their heightened risk for developing alcoholism.

PMID- 4033130
TI  - Employee drinking patterns and accidental injury: a study of four New England
      states.
AB  - The relationship between alcohol use and accidental injury was examined in an
      anonymous telephone survey of 1740 randomly sampled employed adults (49% men)
      residing in four New England states in 1982 and 1983. Respondents reported 383
      accidents requiring medical attention during the year prior to the interview, 34
      involving hospitalization. Of the accidents, 41% occurred at work, 32% during
      recreational and other activities, 19% at home and 8% in traffic incidents.
      Respondents were stratified by self-reported levels of alcohol consumption and
      were compared on accident rates. Drinking at work was also examined for an
      association with accident involvement. Logistic regression analyses controlled
      for variability associated with age, sex, marital status, occupation and drug
      use. Drinking at work was not significantly or independently associated with job
      accidents but an average daily intake of 5+ drinks elevated the relative risk,
      compared with abstainers, as follows: 1.7 for any accidental injury, 3.8 for
      injuries requiring hospitalization and 2.0 for job-based accidental injuries. The
      relative risks associated with the use of other psychoactive drugs were 1.7 for
      work accidents and 2.4 for accident-associated hospitalizations. Of the
      respondents, 13% reported having ever had a drug or alcohol problem and 2%
      reported a current problem. Fourteen percent reported that there were counselors
      at their jobs to help with such problems. Of those who had ever experienced a
      problem, 11% had sought help from outside programs and only 4% had sought help at
      work.

PMID- 4033131
TI  - Effect of age, sex, drinking history and antisocial personality on
      neuropsychology of alcoholics.
AB  - The effects of age, sex, drinking history and the presence of antisocial
      personality (ASP) on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Halstead
      Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery subtest scores of alcoholics were
      examined. Subjects (172 men and 72 women) were recruited from three inpatient
      alcoholism treatment facilities in the Hartford area and were evaluated
      approximately 1 week after admission. Brain Age Quotients (BAQ) were computed for
      each subject. The mean BAQ score for the total sample (84.1) was slightly more
      than one standard deviation below the normative value. Performance on the WAIS
      was within normal limits for both verbal and performance IQ. Scores on the
      Halstead-Reitan Battery showed evidence of moderate levels of impairment. Age was
      found to be the most significant factor affecting neuropsychological performance.
      It was observed that alcoholic subjects under 40 years of age performed at the
      lower end of the normal range of performance; older subjects showed mild to
      moderately severe levels of impairment. Significant interactional effects were
      observed between age, amount of alcohol consumed and sex for Tactual Performance
      Test total time. The presence of ASP interacted with sex to affect performance on
      Block Design and the Category Test such that ASP men performed at higher levels
      and ASP women at lower levels than their non-ASP counterparts. The ASP diagnosis
      also interacted with alcohol consumption to affect scores on Block Design.
      Possible explanations of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 4033132
TI  - Effects of alcohol on human aggressive behavior.
AB  - Eleven men were administered placebo and three doses (0.12, 0.23 and 0.46 g of
      absolute alcohol per kg of body weight) of 50% alcohol (vodka) in a laboratory
      situation that provided both aggressive and nonaggressive response options. Two
      aggressive responses were available to subjects: the ostensible subtraction of
      money from a fictitious other person and the ostensible presentation of a loud
      noise to a fictitious other person. A nonaggressive monetary reinforced response
      was also available. Aggressive responding was elicited by the subtraction of
      money from the subjects which was attributed to the fictitious other person.
      Relatively low doses of alcohol (0.23 and 0.46 g/kg) increased aggressive
      monetary subtraction responses, but had no effect on decreased nonaggressive
      monetary reinforced responses. Thus, the observed increase in aggressive
      responding cannot be attributed to a generalized stimulant action of low alcohol
      doses. The increased aggressive responding was observed at blood alcohol levels
      well below those usually defined as intoxicating. It is suggested that responses
      to aggression-provoking situations can be altered by the consumption of the
      equivalent of one or two alcoholic drinks.

PMID- 4033133
TI  - Vulnerability to alcoholism in men: a behavior-genetic perspective.
AB  - The psychological and biological characteristics associated with the
      vulnerability to alcoholism are reviewed. The predisposing features can be
      accounted for on the basis of deviations in empirically established temperament
      traits, thereby supporting the viability of a behavior-genetic perspective for
      elucidating the susceptibility to alcoholism. The temperament perspective also
      has heuristic value for improving our understanding of the neurobiological
      mechanisms that link the genetic predisposition to overt behavior. In addition,
      the temperament approach has ramifications for the prevention and treatment of
      alcoholism, as well as for clarifying the etiology and classification of certain
      other psychiatric disorders. The questions of what may be inherited in alcoholism
      and how this information can be usefully applied to enhance our knowledge of
      alcoholism etiology, prevention and clinical management are addressed.

PMID- 4033134
TI  - Blood platelet uptake of serotonin in men alcoholics.
AB  - Blood platelet uptake of 3H-serotonin (5HT uptake) was determined in a group of
      inpatient alcoholics who had just undergone detoxication (N = 19) and an age
      matched group of nonalcoholic controls (N = 19). Mean 5HT uptake was 18% lower in
      the alcoholics (p less than .01). A 3-min 5HT uptake of less than 6 pmoles/10(7)
      platelets identified 58% of the alcoholics, but only 15% of the controls had a
      5HT uptake lower than this value. These results support the hypothesis that
      serotonergic dysfunction may exist in alcoholics.

PMID- 4033135
TI  - [Differential voltametry: a new method for studying the cerebral metabolism of
      monoamines].
AB  - In vivo electrochemistry by differential pulse voltammetry represents an
      interesting option for functional neurochemistry or neuropharmacology. This paper
      successively presents the principle of the method and the technical bases of the
      measurement. The particular points of the specificity of the method and the
      necessary identification procedure of the different species detected in vivo are
      discussed (see fig. 1 to 7) with special reference to the detection of ascorbic
      acid and catechol compounds. Success for analysis of 5-hydroxy-indolic compounds
      are also referenced. In a second part of the paper an example of an in vivo
      metabolic exploration is presented. The detection of a catechol compound in the
      rat locus coeruleus, its identification as being extracellular DOPAC, its origin
      in noradrenergic cell bodies, its relationship with the activity of this group of
      noradrenaline containing perikarya are discussed (see fig. 8 to 15).

PMID- 4033136
TI  - An in vivo model for pharmacokinetic studies in the kidney.
AB  - In order to assess drug renal kinetics in vivo, the two kidneys of seven ewes
      were surgically placed under the skin. Through the use of renal function tests
      and a series of biopsies, we found that the kidneys remained normal in their
      subcutaneous location. Gentamicin renal kinetics were evaluated in conscious
      animals by a series of biopsies. Histological controls showed only slight lesions
      due to biopsy; based upon plasma hydrocortisone concentration, there was no
      indication of chronic stress affecting the renal pharmacokinetics. We suggest
      that this model has great potential as a method for studying in vivo the kinetics
      of drug disposition in the renal tissue and assessing the residue level of a
      drug.

PMID- 4033137
TI  - A rat model for the study of transplacental pharmacokinetics and its assessment
      with antipyrine and aminoisobutyric acid.
AB  - The suitability of a pregnant rat model for the study of transplacental
      pharmacokinetics was assessed by two test agents, antipyrine, which freely
      equilibrates in the maternal and fetal blood, and aminoisobutyric acid, which is
      actively transported from mother to fetus. In accordance with an ideal protocol
      for a two-compartment model solved for bolus injections, unlabeled antipyrine was
      injected into the mother (day 20 of gestation), and labeled antipyrine was
      injected into its fetuses following exteriorization under ether anesthesia.
      Maternal and fetal blood samples (2-3 fetuses removed at each time period) were
      collected sequentially under brief periods (2-3 min) of ether anesthesia up to 9
      12 hr. In separate studies it was found that sequential removal of fetuses did
      not significantly alter maternal or fetal serum drug concentrations. As expected,
      placental clearances (ml/h-1/kg-1) of antipyrine from mother to fetus (392 +/-
      86) and from fetus to mother (448 +/- 107) did not significantly differ. As an
      alternate approach, (3H)aminoisobutyric acid was either injected into the mother
      or into the fetuses, and maternal and fetal blood samples were sequentially
      collected in each case; the clearance of this agent from fetus to mother was 53
      ml/h-1/kg-1, and, as expected, was much lower than that from mother to fetus (168
      ml/h-1/kg-1). It is suggested that the pregnant rat model can be used as a
      substitute for the chronically catheterized pregnant sheep model for the study of
      pharmacokinetics in the maternal-fetal unit.

PMID- 4033138
TI  - Evaluation of microwave irradiation technique to quantitate acetylcholine in the
      diaphragm.
AB  - This report evaluates rapid enzyme inactivation prior to acetylcholine
      quantitation in the diaphragm. Methods of sacrifice were decapitation and
      microwave irradiation. Six-hundred millisecond exposure to microwave irradiation
      was sufficient to raise diaphragmatic temperature to 91 degrees C and inactivated
      90% of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The acetylcholine content of the
      diaphragm was found to be 3.0 nmol/g, independent of the method of sacrifice. The
      postmortem changes observed in brain acetylcholine content following decapitation
      did not occur in the diaphragm.

PMID- 4033139
TI  - Measurement of human small airway smooth muscle function in vitro with the
      bronchiolar strip preparation.
AB  - The technique by which human bronchiolar strips are prepared is described in
      detail. The biological viability of the preparations after storage at 4 degrees C
      overnight and the reproducibility of contractile responses to KCl and
      methacholine were examined in lung tissue from six patients. Measurements were
      performed on the first and second day after surgical resection. On both days,
      most bronchioles showed an increase in contractility. The responses on the first
      day were not different from those on the second day. No significant changes in
      time were found for pD2 and slope of the methacholine dose-response curves. The
      variability of responses between patients was significantly larger than between
      strips within patients. The pD2 was the best reproducible parameter.

PMID- 4033140
TI  - An inexpensive apparatus for simultaneous automatic measurement of oxygen
      consumption in six small laboratory animals.
AB  - A closed-circuit system for the simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption in
      six small laboratory animals is described. The system consisted of six glass
      chambers in a big water bath of constant temperature, an oxygen-supply unit, six
      pressure sensors, a microcomputer and a printer, or, optionally, a desk-top
      calculator. Ventilation within the chambers provided rapid equilibration of air
      temperature and humidity conditions. Easily sealing glass lids facilitated
      operation and maintenance of the system. Carbon dioxide was absorbed inside the
      chambers by soda lime. At 6-min intervals the consumed oxygen in each chamber was
      automatically replaced with oxygen from a low-pressure tank. The microcomputer, a
      self-constructed piece of equipment containing a Z 80 A central processing unit,
      received pressure data from the separately operating sensors, determined the
      decrements in chamber pressure due to oxygen consumption by the animal sitting in
      the chamber, and stored the calculated values in a 2 Kbyte RAM for outprint at
      the user's request. The apparatus proved to be sensitive, accurate, and easy to
      operate.

PMID- 4033141
TI  - An unanesthetized-gerbil model of cerebral ischemia-induced behavioral changes.
AB  - A surgical procedure has been developed to study the effects of cerebral ischemia
      in the unanesthetized Mongolian gerbil. The methodology is based upon the
      surgical isolation and instrumentation of both common carotid arteries. A loop of
      dental floss is placed around each carotid artery and passed through double lumen
      catheter material; this allows for later occlusion of the carotid arteries and
      their release in unanesthetized subjects. Functional changes following transient
      carotid artery occlusion are readily demonstrated by the occurrence of altered
      spontaneous locomotor activity at various times postischemia. This model should
      be useful in the evaluation of potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of
      cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 4033142
TI  - Calcium precipitation from mammalian physiological salines (Ringer solutions) and
      the preparation of high [Ca] media.
AB  - The maximum nonprecipitating concentration of calcium in a bicarbonate-buffered
      Krebs-Henseleit-type mammalian physiologic saline at 25 degrees C has been
      established as 10 mM in the presence of 1 mM phosphate, and as 18 mM when
      phosphate is absent. At 38 degrees C, the respective limits are 5.6 mM with the
      phosphate, and 16 mM in its absence. At its physiological concentration of 1.6
      mM, calcium precipitation also appeared in solutions of pH greater than 9. When
      phosphate was present, the precipitate appeared immediately, but redissolved once
      pH was reduced below 7.8; in the absence of phosphate, precipitation of calcium
      carbonate became visible only after 3-4 min, but this precipitate would not
      redissolve even at pH 7.4. As carbonated stock bicarbonate solution gradually
      loses CO2 and becomes alkaline, a protocol for mixing physiologic salines using
      alkaline bicarbonate stock was developed. Calcium precipitation can be avoided
      if, before calcium is added, the bicarbonate-containing bulk solution is gassed
      with 5% CO2 for 15 min at a flow of 0.5 liter/min per liter of final solution.

PMID- 4033143
TI  - Method for quantitative operant response measurement during inhalation exposure.
AB  - A method for pharmacologic and toxicologic investigation of operant responses
      during inhalation exposure has been developed. The method was tested with rats.
      Toluene was utilized as a reference chemical. Toluene has been reported to cause
      significant increases in response rates of animals responding under operant
      schedules. A fixed interval schedule (F1-120 sec) was used. A significant
      increase in response rate was observed. Thus, the results indicated that the
      method was reliable and allowed operant schedule data to be obtained. The
      significance of this method lies in its versatility to allow an integrative study
      of operant response, inhalation kinetics, and pharmacologic action. Potential
      practical applications of the method include studies of the actions of drugs and
      chemicals administered via inhalation exposure.

PMID- 4033144
TI  - Data acquisition and analysis of hemodynamic signals using a standard
      microcomputer.
AB  - Hemodynamic drug-effect studies require repetitive measurements and time
      consuming calculations, particularly for the indices of left ventricular (LV)
      contractility and relaxation. To save time, we have created a system of
      acquisition, calculation, storage, and report of hemodynamic data processing
      E.K.G, peripheral arterial pressure, and LV pressure signals using a standard
      microcomputer (Apple II+) and simple accessory devices. The master program is
      written in BASIC Applesoft, with Mem/Dos as the disk operating system. A suite of
      utility routines, written in machine language, are used to program the A/D
      converter and to perform the vectorial calculations on the data. The software,
      written to process single-dose drug-effect studies, performs 1) data acquisition
      and storage as vectorial arrays accessible using BASIC, 2) monitor display, 3)
      calculations of the peripheral pressure and of the LV contractility and
      relaxation indices, 4) storage of the calculated indices, and 5) print-out of a
      report (curves and tables) at the end of each experiment and cumulated results of
      all the animals included in a protocol. The drawback of such a low-cost system is
      essentially the lack of available memory and the relatively slow speed of the
      microprocessor, which hinders simultaneous processing of indices needing
      nonlinear curve fitting and adequate print-out of protocols that are not single
      dose.

PMID- 4033145
TI  - Morphometric study of the interphase nucleus in some radiosensitive and
      radioresistant mammalian cells.
AB  - The radiosensitive cell populations, such as resting lymphocytes from thymus,
      spleen, lymph node and blood, have much smaller nuclei (Vn (nuclear volume)
      approximately 20 to 70 microns3) compared to radioresistant G0 cells from non
      lymphoid tissues (liver, kidney, brain, heart; Vn approximately 75 to 2700
      microns3). It is suggested that radiation-induced disorganization of nuclear
      structures and cell pycnosis (interphase death) are promoted in G0 lymphocytes
      because in normal physiological conditions their nuclei assume a higher degree of
      chromatin condensation. In contrast, dispersion of chromatin into larger nuclear
      volumes, such as those of most non-lymphoid G0 cells, may hinder or delay
      radiation-induced cell death.

PMID- 4033146
TI  - Bio-informational equivalence.
AB  - Combined, the ideas of modern genetics and those of evolutionary process form the
      central explanatory concepts of biological science. Over the past 30 years or so,
      those concepts have merged with the idea that biological processes--at every
      level of organization--are equivalent to information transactions. The latter
      idea is here called the concept of bio-informational equivalence. It appears in
      one or other of three basic forms or else in some combination of them. According
      to the view adopted in this paper, bio-informational equivalence, in all its
      forms, has a deeply anthropocentric core which makes it unsuited for its present
      role as a quasi-theoretical perspective in biological science.

PMID- 4033147
TI  - Selection between multiple periodic regimes in a biochemical system: complex
      dynamic behaviour resolved by use of one-dimensional maps.
AB  - We analyse a model biochemical system in which two autocatalytic enzyme reactions
      are coupled in series, in conditions where multiple stable periodic regimes
      coexist for the same set of parameter values. We determine how the periodic
      regimes are reached from different initial conditions. The structure of the
      attraction basins is generally simple in the case of two coexisting limit cycles
      (birhythmicity). This structure and the associated behaviour may, however, become
      highly complex. In particular, the system exhibits enhanced sensitivity to
      initial conditions when the boundaries of the attraction basins are fractal. In
      the latter case, it becomes difficult to predict the evolution towards either one
      of two limit cycles, a phenomenon known as final state sensitivity. We show how
      these complex phenomena can be explained in a unified and simple manner by means
      of one-dimensional return maps derived from the time evolution of the model and
      from fifth degree polynomial equations. We suggest experimental tests of the
      sensitivity to initial conditions in chemical systems presenting birhythmicity.
      The physiological significance of the results is discussed with respect to the
      sensitivity of regulatory systems admitting multiple stable biological rhythms.

PMID- 4033148
TI  - Complementary spatial locations, width, and disparity.
AB  - An alternative analysis is offered for human depth perception in addition to the
      depth cue of disparity. The new analysis considers locations both proximal and
      distal to the fixation point and offers an explanation as to why a stimulus
      presented at one disparity sign may be mistakenly considered to possess the
      opposite sign. Three descriptions of applications, the Pulfrich phenomenon, an
      interpretation of the Hornbostel effect (the three-dimensional Necker cube), and
      the determination of the limits of stereoscopic vision, are discussed. In
      addition the new analysis discloses a particular advantage of binocular over
      monocular vision which had not been appreciated formerly. The new analysis offers
      a powerful analytical tool of simple mathematical form. The means of conversion
      from the new analysis to and from disparity is included. In addition the
      similarity between the new approach and the classical lens equation is examined.

PMID- 4033149
TI  - Investigation of protein refolding: a special feature of native structure
      responsible for refolding ability.
AB  - A possible origin of the refolding ability of globular proteins is discussed. It
      is shown that the structure of native proteins has a special feature, namely,
      that this is the only structure in which the short overlapping segments of the
      polypeptide chain are in one of the significantly stable conformations of the
      oligopeptides with the same amino acid sequences as segments themselves. It is
      shown that this special feature is responsible for the refolding ability of
      proteins. A simple formula is given for the estimation of the time, t, necessary
      for the spontaneous formation of a refolding nucleus by a certain segment and it
      is shown that the segment which has the smallest t value, will serve as a
      refolding nucleus. It is suggested that natural selection which ensures the
      maintenance of the native structure of globular proteins automatically results in
      the refolding ability of proteins regardless of the biological relevance of this
      ability.

PMID- 4033150
TI  - A diffusion Michaelis-Menten mechanism: continuous conformational change in
      enzymatic kinetics.
AB  - We present a simple model which extends the Michaelis-Menten mechanism by
      incorporating a continuous protein conformational change in enzymatic catalysis.
      This model can represent a quantitative version for "rack" or "induced fit"
      mechanisms. In the steady-state it leads to an equation of the Michaelis-Menten
      form, but with the catalytic step at the active site showing strong dependence on
      solvent viscosity. We suggest that a careful examination of solvent viscosity
      effects on enzymatic activity may serve as a test for the conformational change
      hypothesis.

PMID- 4033151
TI  - On the mathematics of digesta flow kinetics.
AB  - A unifying mathematical analysis of the use of compartmental models with and
      without time lags is given, with particular reference to the use of such models
      for digesta movement along the gastro-intestinal tract of the ruminant. First the
      generalized compartmental model without time lags is developed, and then it is
      shown how discrete time lags may be incorporated into this formalism. The
      important relationship between distributed lags, especially the gamma-distributed
      time lags, and the equivalent compartmental scheme, is emphasized. It is shown
      how distributed time lags can be included in a general compartmental model. The
      treatment covers, as special cases, some widely used models, and shows their
      relationship to each other and to other possible models. Finally a compartmental
      interpretation is outlined for a recently proposed double-exponential model.

PMID- 4033153
TI  - On the feeding strategy and the mechanics of blood sucking in insects.

PMID- 4033152
TI  - Neonatal heart rate variability and its relation to respiration.
AB  - The heart rate and respiration signals from nine healthy full term neonates were
      studied using autoregressive spectral analysis and cross-correlation techniques.
      The heart rate spectra could be divided into three regions of activity: a very
      low frequency (VLF) region from 0-0.04 Hz; a low frequency (LF) band from 0.04
      0.20 Hz; and a high frequency (HF) region above 0.20 Hz. The newborns exhibited
      very little respiratory sinus arrhythmia in their heart rate variability in
      contrast to the situation for adults and older infants. However, variations in
      heart rate correlated strongly with changes in the breath amplitude, leading to
      what may be termed a breath amplitude sinus arrhythmia. The neonatal heart rate
      behaviour under stable conditions of oscillation could be simulated with a
      nonlinear control model provided the delay time in the baroreceptor loop of the
      model was taken to be approximately 2 seconds longer than in adults. This is
      consistent with the immature neurological status of neonates.

PMID- 4033154
TI  - Speculations on the origin of the ill-effects associated with the use of visual
      display terminals.
AB  - There are increasing reports of a wide variety of unexplained ill-effects
      associated with the occupational use of visual display terminals (VDTs); these
      include psychological complaints such as headache, irritability, and fatigue,
      musculoskeletal pains, dry or burning eyes, deteriorating eyesight, cataracts,
      facial dermatitis, and pregnancy abnormalities. Many VDTs emit near-ultraviolet
      (UV-A) radiation in amounts ranging from 200 to 1500 times less than the present
      U.S. safety standard of 1.0 X 10(-3) W/cm2. Although the possibility of a
      radiation hazard from VDTs is widely discounted, various points of circumstantial
      evidence are marshalled in this paper in support of the hypothesis that prolonged
      exposure to even these low amounts of UV-A radiation may result in progressive
      increases in sensitivity to UV-A and in cumulative biologic damage. It is further
      proposed that UV-A produces the ill-effects by catabolizing vitamin A in skin and
      plasma into highly active metabolites, the gradual accumulation of which results
      in an endogenous form of vitamin A intoxication. In addition to producing the
      skin and systemic effects of hypervitaminosis A, these metabolites presumably
      enter the fetal circulation, leading to pregnancy abnormalities similar to those
      associated with high doses of the vitamin for the treatment of skin disorders.

PMID- 4033155
TI  - The role of a reaction-diffusion system in the initiation of primary hair
      follicles.
AB  - A mechanism based on a reaction-diffusion system is proposed for the initiation
      of hair follicles in the epidermis during fetal development. It is demonstrated
      that initiation of primary follicles in a series of waves, within the proposed
      mechanism, is a consequence of the size and shape dependent properties of the
      reaction-diffusion system without the need for the propagation of signals through
      the skin. The observed trio grouping of follicles and variation of primary
      follicle density per unit skin area during development are also correctly
      predicted. An explanation, based on the reaction-diffusion system and the
      variation of its characteristic spatial wavelength with time during development,
      is suggested for the termination of both primary and secondary follicle
      initiation as well as follicle neogenesis. The proposed initiation mechanism is
      basically the same as that used to explain various spatial patterns observed in
      hair fibre formation (Nagorcka & Mooney, 1982).

PMID- 4033156
TI  - Autogenesis: the evolution of replicative systems.
AB  - Questions concerning the nature and origin of living systems and the hierarchy of
      their evolutionary processes are considered, and several problems which arise in
      connection with formerly developed theories--the autopoiesis of Maturana &
      Varela, the POL theory of Haukioja and the earlier developed evolutionary theory
      of Csanyi--are discussed. The organization of living systems, the use of
      informational terms and the question how reproduction can enter into their
      characterization, problems of autonomy and identity are included in the list. It
      is suggested that replication--a copying process achieved by a special network of
      interrelatedness of components and component-producing processes that produces
      the same network as that which produced them--characterizes the living
      organization. The information "used" in this copying process, whether it is
      stored by special means or distributed in the whole system, is called replicative
      information. A theoretical model is introduced for the spontaneous emergence of
      replicative organization, called autogenesis. Autogenesis commences in a system
      by an organized "small" subsystem, referred to as AutoGenetic System Precursor
      (AGSP), which conveys replicative information to the system. During autogenesis,
      replicative information increases in system and compartment(s) form. A
      compartment is the co-replicating totality of components. The end state of
      autogenesis is an invariantly self-replicating organization which is unable to
      undergo further intrinsic organizational changes. It is suggested that
      replicative unities--such as living organisms--evolve via autogenesis. Levels of
      evolution emerge as a consequence of the relative autonomy of the autogenetic
      unities. On the next level they can be considered as components endowed with
      functions and a new autogenetic process can commence. Thus evolution proceeds
      towards its end state through the parallel autogenesis of the various levels. In
      terms of applications, ontogenesis is dealt with in detail as an autogenetic
      process as is the autogenesis of the biosphere and the global system.

PMID- 4033157
TI  - Different modes of cell death and related phenomena: a proposal for a meaningful
      terminology in relation to tests of lethality.
AB  - The terms death (as an irreversible occurrence), necrosis and apoptosis are well
      defined and generally accepted in cell biology. Procedures and terminology
      related to estimation of different forms of cell mortality are, however, less
      clear and exact. Evaluation of the rate of mortality is important for numerous
      biological processes such as growth, atrophy, regeneration and neoplasia.
      Procedures used for assessing cell mortality include: 1. dye exclusion tests
      which were shown to be inadequate in apoptosis; 2. release of radioactive
      markers, also inadequate, as they occur also in life during shedding of membranes
      and cleavage of cell parts; 3. morphological and histochemical procedures which
      show only relatively late changes (autolysis) in cells which have not yet been
      completely obliterated; 4. absence of synthetic activities, which do not
      necessarily indicate death (e.g. mature erythrocytes); 5. colony forming capacity
      in cultures, which are considered by most authors as the most useful tests for
      assessing the effects of cytotoxic treatments. These tests do not, however,
      assess viability, but rather reproductive capacity. In all these tests, delayed
      changes in vitality can be determined by repeated or continuous testing. The
      following new terms are proposed and related to presently available tests.
      Aposchisis--for cleavage of cell parts not necessarily associated with cell
      death. N-mortality--for necrosis type of mortality estimated by the dye exclusion
      tests. A-mortality--for apoptosis type of mortality, which cannot be directly
      estimated at present. Acarpy--for loss of reproductive capacity of cells which is
      assessed by the colony forming tests.

PMID- 4033158
TI  - The coulombic hypothesis of mitochondrial energy transduction: a quantitative
      emendation.

PMID- 4033159
TI  - Sexual selection, handicaps and true fitness.

PMID- 4033160
TI  - Equilibrium energy analysis of freeze-fracture planes in membranes.
AB  - We have used equilibrium energy calculations to determine the most probable
      freeze-fracture planes in a lipid bilayer. Using a pairwise-summation computer
      method, we have generated numerical values for the Van der Waals potentials
      (electron shell repulsion, dispersion forces and electrostatic interactions)
      between molecules. We have compared our theoretical predictions with the
      experimental conclusion that the fracture planes occur normally between lipid
      molecules. These calculations also provide information about the composition of
      intramembranous particles, the potential for local clustering of single lipid
      types in the fluid membrane, and the importance of lipid molecules to the
      function of membrane proteins such as voltage-sensitive ion channels.

PMID- 4033161
TI  - Time-dependent interfacial charging effects of electrical fields applied to
      biological systems.
AB  - An important aspect of the interaction of a biological system with an externally
      produced electric field is that of charge separation and interfacial charging.
      This aspect has been ignored in some recent experimental and theoretical work. In
      the case of small regions of lower electrical resistivity imbedded in a higher
      resistivity medium, charge separation across the lower resistivity regions will
      result in charging of the interfaces between the lower and higher resistivity
      regions. The field produced by this charge separation will significantly affect
      the shape and the magnitude of the net electric field pulse within the lower
      resistivity regions. In particular, the field experienced by bone cells will be
      quite different from the externally produced field. The shape as well as the
      magnitude of the net electric field experienced by the cells depends on the time
      rate of change of the rising and falling phases of the externally produced
      electric field pulse.

PMID- 4033162
TI  - Evidence that lysolecithin is an important causal agent of atherosclerosis.
AB  - We examine the hypothesis of Portman et al. (1970) that lysolecithin is a causal
      agent of atherosclerosis. Four lines of argument support this hypothesis. (1)
      Lysolecithin is present, taken up and can act. Large amounts of lysolecithin are
      formed in plasma concomitant with triglyceride transport and it is readily taken
      up by arteries and retained for some time. Lysolecithin in aortic intima
      increases several-fold early in the induction of atherosclerosis in animals. From
      model system studies it is plausible that physiological doses of lysolecithin
      have physiologically significant effects. (2) At least one plausible mechanism of
      action can be formulated: stimulation of smooth muscle cell division due to
      lysolecithin-increased Ca2+ uptake. (3) The hypothesis is consistent with, and
      rationalizes, many literature observations in that inferred lysolecithin levels
      or production rates are appropriately correlated with a variety of positive and
      negative risk factors to a degree highly unlikely by chance. We found no data
      contradicting the hypothesis and only one piece weakening it. (4) A mechanism is
      outlined showing that low density lipoprotein receptor deficiency, the severest
      known risk factor, should cause the delivery of very high lysolecithin doses to
      artery walls. We conclude that the evidence, although indirect, is strong enough
      to give direct tests a high priority.

PMID- 4033163
TI  - Extracellular fields within the cortex.
AB  - A physically based theory of ionic currents associated with nervous activity is
      extended to provide a model of electrical activity in the cortex and its
      immediate neighbourhood. It is shown that the most significant variations of
      potential in the extracellular fluid are associated with fluctuations in density
      of calcium and potassium ions. Nervous activity may activate a calcium resonance
      at the external surface of a neural membrane, which in turn excites a potassium
      resonance. The resulting variations of electrical potential are sufficient to
      account for the event related potentials observed in the extracellular fluid. In
      addition, it is found that periodic variations of potential associated with the
      potassium resonance may be initiated by metabolic changes in ion concentrations
      and are in close correspondence with those identified experimentally with the
      alpha- and beta-rhythms. It is shown how to determine the effective conductance
      of the neural membrane from ionic theory, with a result comparable to that
      assumed by Hodgkin & Huxley, under the conditions of the voltage clamp.

PMID- 4033164
TI  - The uniqueness of protein sequences: molecular territoriality.
AB  - The number of tripeptides which do not occur and which occur only a small number
      of times in the existing data bank of protein sequences is much larger than that
      expected on the basis of random selection (from Monte Carlo analyses). Forty
      tripeptides are not found in the data bank of 289 500 amino acids while the value
      expected on the basis of random selection is 8.0 +/- 3.1. Seventy-one tripeptides
      occur only once with an expected value of 37.1 +/- 6.1. These results suggest
      that some peptides not found in certain species are reserved for use only in
      other species. The proposal is made that small peptides serve as species specific
      markers and function as signals in the recognition process for activation of the
      immune response.

PMID- 4033165
TI  - Optimization of error-correction processes with respect to time. Comparison to
      free energy aspects.
AB  - Time aspects of selection processes with the possibility of error correction
      through proofreading branches are studied by mathematical modelling of the
      kinetics of the reaction network. The methods are similar to those previously
      developed for free energy aspects. The minimum time delay that is necessary for
      achieving a certain accuracy level can then be calculated. The main difference to
      previous results lies in the initial association-dissociation step. In the free
      energy picture, this shall be essentially equilibrated, but that would yield a
      too large time delay in the time picture. Characteristic features that are
      indicative for the optimization strategy of the cell are discussed.

PMID- 4033166
TI  - A model for chromosome movement based on lateral interaction of spindle
      microtubules.
AB  - Quantitative morphological studies of meiotic spindles in the crane fly Pales
      ferruginea (Fuge, 1980, 1984, 1985) were the basis for the development of a model
      explaining anaphase chromosome transport in higher eukaryotes. Two main features
      of chromosome fibres were important for the model: (1) the existence of
      microtubules oriented obliquely with respect to kinetochore microtubules, and (2)
      a higher degree of disorder in fibres exerting a pulling force. It is postulated
      that microtubules of the same polarity being inclined to each other at a certain
      angle are able to slide past each other by means of mechano-chemically active
      side-arms working in alternate succession. Sliding is suggested to lead to a
      displacement of microtubules and chromosomes in direction towards the poles.
      Furthermore, it is suggested that the chromosome fibre in anaphase becomes
      progressively disintegrated by fragmentation and disassembly of microtubules.
      Fragmentation may be induced by bending stress within the dynamic system.

PMID- 4033167
TI  - Meso and racemic organisms and the transition to asymmetry.
AB  - In this paper we analyse extensive but previously unappreciated and scattered
      data on anomalous enzyme modulation by metabolite enantiomers for enzymes in the
      principle metabolic cycles and develop a coherent theory for their derivation
      from reciprocally coupled antipodal metabolisms in antecedent meso and racemic
      organisms. Structures for such chirally symmetric organisms are outlined, as is
      the gradual decoupling of their integrated antipodal metabolisms upon an
      evolutionary progression from meso organism to racemic organism to racemate of
      organisms. The driving forces and the dynamics for a transition to asymmetry are
      developed.

PMID- 4033169
TI  - Simple models do not eliminate complexity from the real world.

PMID- 4033168
TI  - Social selection in human populations: sufficient conditions for protection of
      deleterious alleles in a subdivided population.
AB  - Population dynamics of wild type (A1) and the deleterious genes (A2) under social
      selection have been studied by considering a subdivided population where the i-th
      subpopulation consists of Ni individuals with relative size ci (= Ni/sigma i Ni,
      i = 1,2, ..., n). A social selection model is constructed by assuming that the
      fitness of an individual is determined by its own as well as the parental
      phenotypes and that the number of migrants (M) from the ith subpopulation is
      divided equally into other subpopulations including the ith subpopulation itself.
      It has been shown that the gene frequency change depends on the loss of fitness
      of an individual due to the trait (gamma), an affected parent in the ith
      subpopulation (beta i), the probability that the heterozygote develops the trait
      (h), and the migration rates mi (= M/Ni). For 0 less than h less than or equal to
      1, a sufficient condition for protection of the deleterious allele from
      extinction also depends on all of these parameters. However, when mi much less
      than 1 for all i, the condition is beta i less than gamma/(1 - gamma) for some i,
      whereas when mi much greater than h[gamma + beta i(1 - gamma)] for all i it is
      given by sigma i ci beta i less than -gamma/(1 - gamma). When h = 0, that
      condition is given by sigma ici beta i less than - gamma/(1 - gamma). Analyses
      also show that, when the deleterious alleles in a population are rare, the
      relative fitnesses of A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 are given approximately by 1, 1-hS,
      and 1 - S, respectively, where S is the harmonic mean of Si = gamma + beta i(1 -
      gamma). Thus, under mutation-selection balance, the equilibrium frequency of
      deleterious alleles in the entire population is given by alpha/hS for 0 less than
      h less than or equal to 1 and square root alpha/S for h = 0, where alpha is the
      irreversible mutation rate from A1 to A2 in each generation. Population dynamics
      of rare deleterious genes under social selection can readily be studied by
      considering a finite population size.

PMID- 4033170
TI  - Heat shock proteins defend against intracellular pathogens: a non-immunological
      basis for self/non-self discrimination?

PMID- 4033171
TI  - A new view of pigmented neurons.

PMID- 4033172
TI  - Experiences with the Carpentier techniques of mitral valve reconstruction in 103
      patients (1980-1985).
AB  - A total of 103 patients, age range 2 to 77 years, had some type of Carpentier
      reconstruction for mitral insufficiency. The mitral insufficiency resulted from
      ruptured chordae in 52, prolapse in 13, rheumatic fever in 16, coronary disease
      in eight, congenital disease in nine, and endocarditis in five. Multiple
      abnormalities were usually present. Four patients had severe calcification of the
      anulus. A reconstruction was accomplished in almost all patients. A ring
      annuloplasty was performed in all but two small children, but annuloplasty alone
      was adequate in only 17 patients. Fifty-eight had resection of 1 to 4 cm of
      diseased mitral leaflet. In 23 patients, chordal transposition or shortening was
      employed. Aortic leaflet repair was done in 28. Shortened, fused chordae (one to
      eight) were divided in 13 patients. Additional procedures performed in 28
      patients included coronary bypass in 14. A successful repair was accomplished in
      all but one patient (moderate residual insufficiency). Two late hospital deaths
      were unrelated to the mitral repair. Following hospital discharge, ring
      dehiscence necessitated repeat operation in one patient. Thromboembolism produced
      a permanent minor neurological deficit in only one patient. There have been no
      late recurrences of insufficiency. Recurrent endocarditis necessitated valve
      replacement in three patients. A late Doppler evaluation of 95 patients for
      mitral insufficiency revealed none in 82, a trace in 12, and moderate
      insufficiency in one. Late catheterization in 16 patients revealed no
      insufficiency. The data suggest that reconstruction, rather than prosthetic valve
      replacement, can be successfully performed in over 90% of patients with
      nonrheumatic, noncalcified mitral valves. A much wider use of the technique seems
      strongly indicated.

PMID- 4033173
TI  - The use of muscle flaps in the repair of aortic defects.
AB  - The successful repair of an infected arterial anastomosis is often hampered by
      the need to leave prosthetic material at the site of infection. To determine
      whether an aortic defect could be repaired by direct closure with a muscle flap,
      thereby eliminating the need for prosthetic material, we subjected 33 young pigs
      weighing 17 to 19 kg to a left lateral thoracotomy under sterile conditions. An
      aortic defect 2 cm in diameter was created in the descending thoracic aorta just
      distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. In one group (n = 11), this
      defect was patched with a freshly harvested but devascularized segment of chest
      wall muscle. In another group (n = 22), the aortic defect was patched with a
      vascularized chest wall muscle flap. Pigs were followed for up to 12 weeks and
      evaluated by arteriography and postmortem examination. There were no deaths or
      vascular complications attributable to the muscle flap repair in any pig.
      Pseudointimal formation began within 24 hours postoperatively and was of
      comparable thickness to the original arterial wall by 12 weeks. No aneurysmal
      changes were noted in any animal, and normal aortic luminal dimensions were
      preserved despite a tripling in mean body weight over the 12 week period. The
      loss of flap viability appeared to offer no threat to vascular integrity, as the
      free muscle patches, although undergoing cell necrosis and substantial
      remodeling, remained intact. These results demonstrate the short-term feasibility
      of using viable muscle flaps to patch aortic defects in situations wherein the
      use of prosthetic material would be undesirable.

PMID- 4033174
TI  - Chest wall tumors. Experience with 100 consecutive patients.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients with chest wall tumors undergoing resection
      during the past 8 years were reviewed. There were 55 female and 45 male patients
      with ages ranging from 12 to 84 years (median 54.5 years). Fifty patients had
      primary malignant neoplasms, 32 had metastases, and 18 had benign tumors. The
      tumor was located in the ribs in 78 patients and in the sternum in 22. The number
      of ribs resected ranged from one to eight (median 3.4). Sternectomy was performed
      in 22 patients. Overlying soft tissue was resected en bloc in 47 patients.
      Reconstruction was with prosthetic material in 57 patients and autogenous ribs in
      11. There were 100 muscle transpositions, including 45 pectoralis major, 33
      latissimus dorsi, and 9 serratus anterior. Hospitalization ranged from 4 to 80
      days (median 9.6 days). Complications occurred in nine patients. One patient
      required tracheostomy. There was one operative death. Median follow-up was 31.5
      months. Recurrent tumor developed in seven patients. All patients with benign
      tumor and 95% of patients with primary tumor not previously treated were alive.
      However, only 41% of patients with metastatic tumor were alive. Metastases were
      responsible for 89% of late deaths. We conclude that aggressive resection for
      chest wall tumor with reliable reconstruction can be accomplished safely and that
      early wide resection is potentially curative treatment.

PMID- 4033175
TI  - Physiological rationale for a bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt. A versatile
      complement to the Fontan principle.
AB  - The original Fontan procedure included a classic superior vena cava-to-right
      pulmonary artery (Glenn) shunt. Subsequent experience demonstrated that this
      anastomosis was not essential and was an unnecessary commitment of the larger
      right pulmonary circulation to the smaller blood volume of the superior vena
      caval return. With application of the Fontan principle to more complex cardiac
      malformations, there has been a reconsideration of possible benefits of a
      cavopulmonary shunt in selected patients. A modified shunt from the divided end
      of the superior vena cava to the side of the undivided right pulmonary artery
      utilized in 21 patients is described. This shunt is designed to allow
      bidirectional pulmonary arterial distribution of both superior vena caval inflow
      and right atrial outflow after completion of the Fontan procedure. Twelve
      patients had the bidirectional shunt performed prior to a Fontan operation; five
      of these had a subsequent atriopulmonary connection and seven await operation.
      Eight patients had construction of this shunt at the time of their Fontan
      procedure. One patient had a bidirectional shunt constructed following
      atriopulmonary anastomosis to help relieve right atrial outflow obstruction. Two
      patients with univentricular heart undergoing simultaneous Fontan procedure and a
      bidirectional shunt died while in the hospital. The remaining 19 patients have
      been followed up for 2 months to 9 years with one late sudden death at 9 years.
      There have been no bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt failures, stenoses, kinks,
      or recognized pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Postoperatively, eight
      patients had assessment of pulmonary distribution of shunt blood flow by
      angiography. Seven of these patients were also evaluated by radionuclide
      angiography. Superior vena caval blood flow via the bidirectional cavopulmonary
      shunt tended to be greater to the right lung, but bilateral pulmonary flow was
      documented in all but one patient. After Fontan operation, six of seven patients
      tested also demonstrated bilateral distribution of atriopulmonary flow. We
      concluded from our experience that this modified shunt provides excellent relief
      of cyanosis, allows bidirectional pulmonary distribution of both superior vena
      caval return and also the right atrial blood flow after atriopulmonary
      connection, and may be done before, with, or after a Fontan procedure and is
      compatible with all currently recommended modifications. Perioperative
      hemodynamic adjustments to the Fontan procedure may be improved by reducing
      atrial volume, and this may also be of potential benefit in the long-term
      adaptation to Fontan physiology by minimizing atrial distention.

PMID- 4033176
TI  - Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt following long-term administration of
      prostaglandin E1 for ductus-dependent neonates with cyanotic congenital heart
      disease.
AB  - In the treatment of cyanotic heart diseases in neonates who are ductus dependent,
      the small size of the pulmonary artery and/or subclavian artery often precludes
      construction of a sufficient Blalock-Taussig shunt. To avoid an emergency
      operation and to obtain pulmonary and subclavian arteries of adequate size (3
      mm), a low dose of prostaglandin E1 was given to 16 neonates for a mean of 47
      days (range 26 to 65 days), and a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt operation was
      performed in neonates whose mean age was 50 days. The pulmonary artery grew
      significantly (mean 4.5 mm) and the mean diameter of the subclavian artery was 3
      mm, which was large enough for a good shunt at the time of operation. There were
      two late deaths and one operative death. All surviving patients shunts at the
      mean follow-up period of 22 months. The shunt was constructed on the same side as
      the ductus arteriosus so that the ductus could be ligated at the same operation
      in selected cases; the ductus may not close after discontinuation of
      prostaglandin E1 infusion and may cause uncontrollable congestive heart failure
      because of excessive pulmonary blood flow, particularly in patients with a
      univentricular heart. The ductus, dissected in nine patients, was enlarged and
      elongated in all and was ligated in four patients without complication.

PMID- 4033177
TI  - Acute control of pulmonary regurgitation with a balloon "valve". An experimental
      investigation.
AB  - Operations for certain congenital cardiac lesions can produce pulmonary
      regurgitation. Pulmonary regurgitation contributes to right ventricular
      dysfunction, which may cause early postoperative morbidity and mortality. To
      ameliorate the problems of pulmonary regurgitation during the early postoperative
      period, we evaluated a method for its acute control. Complete pulmonary
      valvectomy was performed utilizing inflow occlusion in eight sheep. A catheter
      with a 15 ml spherical balloon was positioned in the pulmonary arterial trunk;
      its inflation and deflation were regulated by an intra-aortic balloon pump unit.
      Blood flow from the pulmonary arterial trunk and forward and regurgitant fraction
      were determined from electromagnetic flow transducer recordings. The regurgitant
      fraction with uncontrolled pulmonary regurgitation was 38% +/- 3% (forward flow =
      42 +/- 5 ml/beat and regurgitant flow = 16 +/- 2 ml/beat). Inflation of the
      balloon during diastole was timed to completely eliminate pulmonary
      regurgitation. This balloon control of pulmonary regurgitation increased
      pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure from 12 +/- 1 to 17 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less
      than 0.0001) and decreased pulmonary arterial systolic pressure from 31 +/- 3 to
      27 +/- 1 mm Hg (p = 0.06). Pulmonary arterial pulse pressure decreased from 19 +/
      3 to 9 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.003). Elimination of pulmonary regurgitation
      decreased right ventricular stroke volume (25 +/- 3 versus 42 +/- 5 ml/beat, p
      less than 0.0002) and resulted in a 46% reduction in right ventricular stroke
      work (5.0 +/- 0.6 versus 9.4 +/- 1.0 gm-m/beat, p less than 0.001) with no change
      in net forward pulmonary artery flow. Thus, acute pulmonary regurgitation can be
      controlled and this control improves overall hemodynamic status and decreases
      right ventricular work.

PMID- 4033178
TI  - A surgical technique for correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.
AB  - A technique was employed successfully for correction of total anomalous pulmonary
      venous drainage into the upper right superior vena cava. A J-shaped right
      atriotomy was performed; the posterior flap was sutured to the anterior border of
      a previously enlarged atrial septal defect. The right superior vena cava was
      divided above the site of drainage of the pulmonary veins, and its proximal
      opening closed with a suture. The pulmonary venous return was directed to the
      left atrium in this way. The right atrial-right superior vena caval continuity
      was then reestablished by an anastomosis between the previously opened right
      atrial appendage and the distal end of the right superior vena cava. Finally the
      remaining atriotomy was closed. The azygos vein must be ligated to avoid systemic
      unsaturation. For correction of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the
      azygos vein with this technique, ligature of the azygos vein must be placed
      distally to the site of anomalous drainage. Three patients, aged 2 months, 7
      years, and 16 years, respectively, with different anatomic types of the anomaly,
      were successfully operated on with this procedure. Findings displayed from the
      postoperative hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and clinical evaluation are
      encouraging, after a follow-up period that ranges from 4 months to 4 years. The
      advantages of the repair are discussed.

PMID- 4033179
TI  - Permanent cardiac pacing after the Fontan procedure.
AB  - Permanent cardiac pacing after a Fontan procedure is complicated by complex
      cardiovascular anatomy. Of 332 patients undergoing the Fontan procedure at the
      Mayo Clinic, we evaluated 15 who postoperatively required permanent pacing (mean
      age 16.5 years, range 4 to 31 years). Underlying congenital cardiac defects
      included univentricular heart in nine patients, double-outlet right ventricle in
      three, and tricuspid atresia in three. The indication for pacing was
      postoperative heart block in seven patients, congenital heart block in five,
      postoperative sick sinus syndrome in two, and heart block because of previous
      operation in one. Pacemakers were implanted immediately postoperatively in 11
      patients and 12 to 57 months later in four patients. VVI systems were used in
      nine patients, DDD in four, AAI in one, and a Medtronic Activitrax VVI in one.
      All ventricular leads were epicardial. Four atrial leads were transvenous
      endocardial and one was epicardial. Three patients died 4, 9, and 69 months later
      of causes unrelated to pacing. Among the 12 survivors, mean follow-up was 34
      months (range 1 to 107 months). Two patients had a total of three episodes of
      loss of ventricular capture because of increased chronic thresholds. Our current
      approach to pacing after a Fontan procedure includes (1) intraoperative placement
      of temporary atrial and ventricular electrodes, (2) intraoperative attachment of
      a permanent ventricular epicardial lead for congenital or surgically induced high
      grade atrioventricular block, (3) postoperative insertion of transvenous atrial
      leads if dual-chamber pacing is indicated, and (4) use of programmable pulse
      generators with high output capability.

PMID- 4033180
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiography in dogs. Variation of left ventricular mass,
      geometry, volume, and ejection fraction on cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography was evaluated in 39 open-chest dogs
      placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. The correlation coefficient of left ventricular
      end-diastolic volume against postmortem pressure-volume curves was r = 0.89 to
      0.93 (347 measurements in 15 dogs, 0 to 24 mm Hg). Ejection fraction was
      validated against roller pump flow and echo left ventricular end-diastolic volume
      (r = 0.83, n = 13). Left ventricular mass in vivo was compared with postmortem
      left ventricular mass (r = 0.81 in 21 early studies, r = 0.91 in 10 later studies
      with updated equipment) and was found to increase with ischemic injury as well as
      cardiopulmonary bypass with hemodilution. Left ventricular mass increased (p less
      than 0.001) from 119 +/- 5 (standard error of the mean) to 138 +/- 6 gm (n = 23)
      after 2 1/2 hours on cardiopulmonary bypass and moderate hemodilution. With the
      addition of ischemic arrest, left ventricular mass increased from 119 +/- 7 to
      148 +/- 11 gm (p less than 0.01, n = 8), and myocardial water content increased
      by 2.0% +/- 0.4%, which accounted for at least 65% of the observed mass change.
      Mean left ventricular wall thickness increased from 13.8 to 15.5 mm (p = 0.02)
      after ischemia. Ventricular shape became more spherical with increasing left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure. We conclude that two-dimensional
      echocardiography can be reliably used for accurate, serial measurements in
      physiological studies. The demonstrated variability in left ventricular mass is
      important, yet frequently ignored. Recognizing left ventricular mass changes may
      facilitate the detection of myocardial injury reflected as edema.

PMID- 4033181
TI  - Pulmonary artery thrombosis associated with anomalous pulmonary venous
      connection: an unusual complication following the modified Fontan procedure.
AB  - The presence of unrecognized partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection may
      cause complications of pulmonary infarction and right-to-left shunting in
      patients undergoing the modified Fontan procedure. These complications can be
      prevented by identification of any anomalous pulmonary venous connection at
      preoperative cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 4033182
TI  - Cor triatriatum and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: a rare,
      surgically correctable anomaly.
AB  - Two cases of a very uncommon congenital association (cor triatriatum and total
      anomalous pulmonary venous connection) are presented. This association should be
      suspected in any infant with signs of pulmonary venous obstruction.

PMID- 4033183
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta: a new surgical technique.
AB  - We developed a new surgical technique to treat coarctation of the aorta. It
      consists of an aortoplasty in which the left subclavian artery is transected,
      opened longitudinally, and sutured to the coarctated segment so as to correct the
      narrowing and also maintain blood flow through the left upper limb.

PMID- 4033184
TI  - Treatment of chylothorax.

PMID- 4033185
TI  - Complications of left atrial catheter.

PMID- 4033186
TI  - Papaverine treatment of vein grafts.

PMID- 4033187
TI  - Further studies on the use of the fluorescent retrograde tracer True Blue in
      combination with monoamine histochemistry.
AB  - Some basic methodological aspects on the use of the retrograde fluorescent tracer
      True Blue (TB) was studied in freeze-dried material in the rat CNS. On the basis
      of fluorescence morphology and intensity at different filter settings it was
      possible to objectively delineate 3 distinct zones of the TB injection site, and
      define degrees of retrograde labelling from the different zones. Correlative
      studies of injection sites in subportions of the spinal cord and retrograde
      labelling in cell bodies of defined nuclei in the brainstem and cortex showed
      that effective uptake occurred only from the central area of the injection (zone
      I), while the uptake from the less intensely fluorescent zone II was variable and
      could only be documented for systems terminating within this zone. Time-course
      studies revealed that the size of the injection site and the resulting retrograde
      labelling is stable up to at least two months after injection and that relatively
      long survival times are often needed for optimal labelling. For practical
      purposes a bulk transport velocity of 20 mm/day can be used for estimating the
      survival time required for reasonable retrograde labelling. The accumulation of
      TB did not interfere with the visualization of monoamines in the same neurones,
      and the tracer was never seen to be anterogradely or transcellularly transported.

PMID- 4033188
TI  - A method for microscopic studies of cerebral angioarchitecture and vascular
      parenchymal relationships, based on the demonstration of 'paravascular' fluid
      pathways in the mammalian central nervous system.
AB  - A new method is described for morphological studies of blood vessels and related
      cellular elements in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The tracer
      protein, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), in solution, is infused intraventricularly
      or intracisternally in anesthetized animals over 5-10 min. During this period,
      HRP in the subarachnoid space enters the perivascular spaces around penetrating
      arterioles and rapidly permeates the gliovascular basal laminae surrounding
      capillaries. After fixation by intravascular perfusion of aldehydes, brain
      sections are incubated with the highly sensitive chromogen, tetramethylbenzidine.
      Intraparenchymal blood vessels throughout the CNS are vividly demonstrated for
      light microscopy by HRP reaction product in their perivascular spaces or basal
      laminae. Correlative ultrastructural investigations of specific blood vessels and
      related parenchymal elements can be conducted using adjacent sections.

PMID- 4033189
TI  - An oscilloscope spot intensifier, to improve photographic recordings of action
      potentials.
AB  - A circuit diagram is shown for a semiconductor device to intensify the brightness
      of an oscilloscope during the rapidly rising and falling phases of signals such
      as action potentials. Brightening pulses proportional in amplitude to the rate of
      change in the Y-axis are available for connection to an oscilloscope with an
      external intensity ('Z') modulation input. The circuit requires one transistor,
      one dual operational amplifier and two single fast operational amplifiers.

PMID- 4033190
TI  - Formalin test in mice, a useful technique for evaluating mild analgesics.
AB  - A modification of the formalin test appropriate for testing of mice is described.
      Formalin 1 or 5% was injected into the dorsal surface of a hindpaw, and the time
      the animal spent licking the paw was recorded. On the basis of the response
      pattern, two distinct periods of intensive licking activity were identified; an
      early (0-5 min after injection) and a late response (20-30 min after injection).
      The following analgesics were investigated (dose range): acetylsalicylic acid
      (100-400 mg/kg), paracetamol (100-400 mg/kg) and morphine (0.6-10 mg/kg).
      Acetylsalicylic acid (200-400 mg/kg early response, 300-400 mg/kg late response),
      paracetamol (200-400 mg/kg early response, 300-400 mg/kg late response) and
      morphine (2.5-10 mg/kg) inhibited the responses in a dose-dependent manner. The
      results indicate that the test is useful for evaluating mild analgesics. It may
      have advantages over some of the tests that are commonly used for testing
      analgesics.

PMID- 4033191
TI  - A baseline stabilizer for electrophysiology.
AB  - We describe a circuit that compensates for a slowly drifting baseline without
      distorting the signal of interest. Implementation of this non-linear filter is
      quite simple; total cost of components is less than $20.00. The baseline
      stabilizer should be especially useful for intracellular recording and for
      recording evoked surface potentials.

PMID- 4033192
TI  - A simple statistical test for the vertex ratio using Monte Carlo simulation.
AB  - The vertex ratio is the crucial quantity in vertex analysis, which is a method to
      characterize the mode of growth of neuronal tree structures (i.e. dendrites and
      axons). In this report we propose the use of the Monte Carlo test to calculate a
      level of significance for the vertex ratio. As a result the vertex ratio can be
      used to analyse neuronal trees with respect to a range of growth hypotheses,
      including terminal and segmental growth.

PMID- 4033193
TI  - Postmastectomy lymphedema.

PMID- 4033194
TI  - Effect of increased systemic venous pressure on thoracic duct and peripheral
      lymph flow in dogs.
AB  - In congestive heart failure, lymph flow from the cannulated thoracic duct is
      greatly increased. However, there has been scant data on lymph flow in the intact
      lymphatic system with systemic circulatory congestion. In the present study,
      thoracic duct and peripheral lymph flow were qualitatively determined using
      heated cross-thermocouples in seven mongrel dogs. Central venous pressure was
      raised artificially by infusing large volumes of crystalloid solution equivalent
      to a maximum of 30% of body weight. Although both thoracic duct and peripheral
      lymph flow increased with an intact (closed) lymphatic system, the increase was
      notably less than with a transected (opened) cervical thoracic duct. With
      systemic circulatory congestion, cannulated thoracic duct lymph flow circumvents
      a major lymph impediment to lymph flow (i.e. high central venous pressure) and
      therefore considerably overestimates in vivo central lymph flow in this
      condition.

PMID- 4033195
TI  - The mobile pneumatic arm sleeve: a new device for treatment of arm lymphedema.
AB  - A new simple and inexpensive device for treatment of upper limb lymphedema is
      described. Two days of application (approximately 12 hours) in 20 patients who
      otherwise maintained normal activities achieved a mean reduction of 21% of tissue
      swelling.

PMID- 4033196
TI  - Macromolecular transport.

PMID- 4033197
TI  - Effect of terbutaline on peripheral lymph flow, protein concentration and
      transport, and edema formation after thermal injury in rabbits.
AB  - In the rabbit, intraarterial infusion of 5 micrograms/min of terbutaline within
      the first two hours after moderate thermal injury prevents edema and reduces
      augmented lymph flow, lymphatic protein transport, and tissue fluid protein
      concentration. Terbutaline, however, fails to prevent edema 4 hours after thermal
      injury although the increase of leg volume (24%) is less than in the untreated,
      burned control leg (56%). A higher dose of terbutaline (15 micrograms/min) also
      fails to block edema 4 hours after burning and its effect on leg volume, lymph
      flow, and lymphatic protein concentration is similar to that of 5 micrograms/min
      infusion. Terbutaline does not alter the extent of tissue injury after burning as
      the increase in tissue fluid lactic dehydrogenase and potassium are similar with
      "treated" and "untreated" burns.

PMID- 4033198
TI  - Retinal edema in patients with generalized primary lymphedema.

PMID- 4033199
TI  - Primary lymphedema of the leg: relationship between subcutaneous tissue pressure,
      intramuscular pressure and venous function.
AB  - In eight patients with unilateral primary lymphedema, subcutaneous tissue and
      intramuscular pressure were measured in both legs using the slit-catheter
      technique. Venous function was assessed by venography, or Doppler or
      photoplethysmography. Both at rest and during exercise, subcutaneous tissue
      pressure was elevated in the lymphedematous leg (17.9 +/- 7.6 and 33.0 +/- 10.8
      mmHg respectively) compared to healthy contralateral leg (0.4 +/- 2.6 and -0.6 +/
      3.6 mmHg; p less than 0.001). The intramuscular pressure in the anterior tibial
      compartment was also increased at rest and during exercise in the edematous leg
      (24.9 +/- 4.4 mmHg and 43.6 +/- 11.2 mmHg respectively) compared to control leg
      (9.6 +/- 5.6 and 25.8 +/- 10.00 mmHg). These findings suggest that derangements
      in both the superficial and deep lymphatic systems as well as venous dysfunction
      contribute to the clinical appearance of "primary lymphedema."

PMID- 4033200
TI  - Lymph vessels of the rabbit heart: distribution and fine structure in ventricles.
AB  - We examined the distribution and fine morphology of small lymph channels in the
      rabbit heart, and particularly in the ventricular myocardium. Light microscopy
      showed many small subendocardial lymphatics in both ventricles and especially in
      the subendocardium of papillary muscles and right side of the septum. Electron
      microscopy revealed that the endothelial ultrastructure of these lymphatics was
      similar at different sites. The cytoplasm exhibited frequent adluminal expansions
      and contained numerous micropinocytotic vesicles opening both into the lumen and
      surrounding interstitium. Bundles of microfilaments, commonly arranged in a
      parallel fashion, were also visible. Between laminations of the endothelial wall
      were relatively dense, finely granular material. Intercellular contacts were
      characterized by cell superimpositions and interlockings, specialized junctions
      and occasionally maculae adherentes. The basal membrane was discontinuous and
      often of variable thickness. In the surrounding connective tissue, thin filaments
      appeared adjacent to the abluminal surface of the endothelial wall. Although the
      fine structure of the walls of small lymphatics in the rabbit ventricular
      myocardium was similar to that of small lymphatics at other sites, their
      distribution varied from other mammalian species.

PMID- 4033201
TI  - Magnesium and liver cirrhosis: a hypothesis.
AB  - Low serum, cerebrospinal fluid, erythrocyte, muscle and bone Mg concentrations
      have been found in liver cirrhosis, indicating a Mg deficiency. Decreased intake,
      fat malabsorption, renal tubular acidosis and increased serum levels of
      aldosterone, growth hormone and glucagon could be the causative factors.

PMID- 4033202
TI  - Early radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis responds to magnesium therapy.
AB  - A group of 10 patients with cervical carcinoma with early radiation-induced
      proctosigmoiditis and low serum Mg levels was treated with low residue diet and
      antidiarrheals. The diarrhea cleared within a period of 2-6 weeks. A second group
      of 10 patients with hypomagnesemia was treated with intravenous infusion of Mg
      sulfate for 3 consecutive days. The diarrhea disappeared by the end of treatment,
      paralleling normalization of serum Mg levels.

PMID- 4033203
TI  - Electrolytes and ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - Magnesium concentrations in the blood plasma of patients with ventricular
      arrhythmias were found to be significantly lower than in controls, whereas the
      sodium and calcium concentrations of the erythrocytes were significantly higher
      than in the controls. Intensive magnesium therapy resulted in an increase of the
      plasma magnesium concentration and in significant changes of Na, K, Ca and Mg in
      the erythrocytes. By means of long-term ECG recordings, it was shown that the
      therapy may result in a quantitative decrease of the ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 4033205
TI  - Magnesium level in drinking water and cardiovascular risk factor: a hypothesis.
AB  - Water hardness can no longer be considered as the most reliable "water factor'
      with regard to the cardiovascular risk observed in epidemiologic studies. Only
      two out of three studies have shown a reverse correlation between cardiovascular
      mortality and water hardness. But studies carried out on the water Mg level
      alone, as opposed to those on water hardness (Ca + Mg) have all shown a reverse
      correlation between cardiovascular mortality and the Mg level. In developed
      countries, the Mg intake is often marginal and the Mg intake coming from drinking
      water represents the critical factor through which the Mg intake is deficient or
      satisfactory. Thus, Mg deficiency, either experimental or in man facilitates
      cardiovascular pathology. The importance of the Mg intake in drinking water is
      both quantitative and qualitative. Water containing Mg is better and more quickly
      absorbed than dietary Mg. This particular availability might help to understand
      why an adequate water Mg level may determine a better state of health, even
      without any Mg deficiency. Epidemiological data in man and experimental data in
      rats have demonstrated that the intake of water containing a sufficient amount of
      Mg may prevent arterial hypertension and correlated ionic and nervous
      disturbances. Indirectly the water Mg level also interferes in the leakage of
      food-borne Mg during cooking. There is an inverse correlation between the Mg loss
      in the cooked food and the Mg level of the cooking water itself. Mg appears to be
      an antagonist of noxious polluting agents (e.g. in the human amnion, Mg is a
      competitive inhibitor of Pb and Cd). It is not advisable to enrich water in Mg in
      the course of the processing since its corrosivity index would also increase. The
      best pathway is probably to neutralize corrosive water by filtration on
      calibrated grains of earth-alkaline metals (Neutralite or Magno or Akdolit) to
      ensure the highest possible Mg/Ca ratio, with the best anticorrosive power.

PMID- 4033204
TI  - [Comparative effects of magnesium deficiency and overload on calcium and
      phosphorus metabolism in the growing pig].
AB  - This study was designed to assess the influence of dietary magnesium on calcium
      and phosphorus metabolism in growing pigs. 18 4-month-old pigs received either an
      Mg-deficient (40 ppm), an Mg overload (5,600 ppm) or a control Mg diet (1,000
      ppm) for 70 days. The following parameters were measured: kinetics of plasma
      concentrations of Ca, phosphates, Mg and alkaline phosphatase (AP), absorptions,
      urinary and fecal excretions, retentions of Ca, P and Mg, soft tissue and bone
      mineral contents (BMC), and intestinal mucosal CaBP (calcium-binding protein) and
      AP activities. Dietary Mg level had no effect on calcium and phosphorus
      metabolism as far as Ca and P absorptions and retentions, BMC, intestinal CaBP
      and plasma levels of Ca, P and AP are concerned. Mg overload significantly
      decreased urinary P excretion and increased kidney P content, but did not change
      fecal P excretion. Jejunal AP activity was slightly decreased in Mg-deficient
      pigs. The plasma, bone, urinary, fecal, absorbed and retained Mg varied linearly
      with Mg intake (r: 0,85-0.96). In Mg-deficient pigs, hypomagnesemia appeared
      after 1 week and its severity did not increase with time. In Mg-overloaded pigs,
      hypermagnesemia occurred very late and was limited. This suggests that, in the
      growing pig, dietary Mg has little or no effect on Ca-P metabolism. It may also
      be concluded that growing pigs are rather resistant to Mg deficiency since no
      clinical symptoms were observed.

PMID- 4033206
TI  - Observations on the article by Arsura et al.: Magnesium and zinc levels in
      ischemic heart disease, published in Magnesium 2: 105-112, 1983.

PMID- 4033207
TI  - [Synthetic progestational hormones and their principal indications in
      gynecology].

PMID- 4033208
TI  - [Recto-sigmoidal complications of radiotherapy of cervical cancer (apropos of 92
      cases)].

PMID- 4033209
TI  - [Place of radiotherapy in the treatment of digestive lymphomas].

PMID- 4033210
TI  - [Clinical and echocardiographic correlation in pure, severe and chronic aortic
      insufficiency].

PMID- 4033211
TI  - [Viral hepatitis and pregnancy (apropos of 40 cases)].

PMID- 4033212
TI  - [Neuropsychiatric forms of tuberculous meningoencephalitis].

PMID- 4033213
TI  - [Epidural compression of the cervical spine and cauda equina by a malignant non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma].

PMID- 4033214
TI  - [Management of fever during pregnancy].

PMID- 4033215
TI  - [Carotid revascularization with a jugular graft in the rat].

PMID- 4033216
TI  - O-acylated sialomucins in adenomatous and hyperplastic colonic polyps.

PMID- 4033217
TI  - Glucagon effect on the regeneration of ileal mucosa in rats after experimental
      desquamation of intestinal epithelium.

PMID- 4033218
TI  - The hepatotoxicity of mercury vapours in the light of biochemical, scintigraphic
      and morphological data.

PMID- 4033219
TI  - Non-thymic peptide complexes as immunobiologically active systems. Some
      properties of peptide complex system (PCS) of various origins.

PMID- 4033220
TI  - Production and evaluation of rabbit cholecystokinin (CCK).

PMID- 4033221
TI  - The effect of ethanol ingestion on plasma secretion and plasma cholecystokinin
      (CCK) in man.

PMID- 4033222
TI  - No release of GIP following intraaortic glucose infusion in anaesthetized rats.

PMID- 4033223
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of diazepam after intravenous, intramuscular and oral
      administration to humans.

PMID- 4033224
TI  - Rationale of garlic use in ischemic heart disease?

PMID- 4033225
TI  - Middle molecules. Myth or reality?

PMID- 4033226
TI  - Cytodiagnostics of pharyngeal tumours.

PMID- 4033227
TI  - Respect for sight and technological advances in ocular surgery.

PMID- 4033228
TI  - Human prostatic acid phosphatase. Molecular properties and clinical application.

PMID- 4033229
TI  - Treatment of renal cell carcinoma by in situ partial nephrectomy and
      extracorporeal operation with autotransplantation.
AB  - During a 10-year period, 33 patients underwent in situ enucleation, in situ
      partial nephrectomy, or an extracorporeal operation for low-grade (1 or 2), low
      stage (I or II), bilateral or solitary renal cell carcinoma. Only one patient
      (3%) (who had undergone in situ partial nephrectomy) had local recurrence; the
      projected 5-year rates of nonprogression of disease and survival from death due
      to cancer only were 76% and 87%, respectively. A group of patients who were
      closely matched for grade and stage of renal cell cancer underwent traditional
      transabdominal radical nephrectomy during the same time interval and had rates of
      nonprogression and survival similar to those of the conservative surgical group.
      Thus, in selected patients with low-grade, low-stage renal cell cancer,
      conservative surgical treatment (that is, renal parenchyma-saving procedures) can
      produce favorable results without the side effects (such as renal failure)
      associated with ablative renal operations.

PMID- 4033230
TI  - Myectomy for essential blepharospasm.
AB  - Essential blepharospasm is a progressive, bilateral, involuntary facial spasm. In
      this study, we conducted a prospective analysis of myectomy for the treatment of
      this condition in 21 patients. The procedure consisted of extirpation of the
      muscles that close the eyelids (protractors), which include the pretarsal,
      preseptal, and orbital components of the orbicularis oculi, as well as the
      procerus and corrugator supercilii muscles of the brow. In addition, the muscles
      that open the eyelids (retractors) were strengthened (by resection of the
      frontalis muscle and repair of disinsertion of the levator aponeuroses). The most
      common symptoms that necessitated myectomy were difficulty with driving (20
      patients), watching television (17 patients), reading (15 patients), and eating
      (5 patients). Overall, the 21 patients had a 70% mean decrease in symptoms
      postoperatively. Five patients required an additional operation for management of
      residual blepharospasm.

PMID- 4033231
TI  - Sinus node dysfunction in pediatric and young adult patients: treatment by
      implantation of a permanent pacemaker in 39 cases.
AB  - To examine the clinical course of sinus node dysfunction that necessitates
      permanent pacing in the pediatric and young adult populations, we studied the
      records of the 39 patients 40 years of age or younger (mean age, 23 years) who
      underwent implantation of a permanent pacemaker for treatment of this disorder at
      our medical center between 1960 and 1983. The tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome
      was the most common rhythm disturbance, and syncope was the most frequent initial
      symptom. All symptomatic patients noted resolution of symptoms after pacemaker
      implantation. Twenty-five of the 39 patients (64%) had associated cardiovascular
      disease, most commonly transposition of the great arteries. In each of the 11
      patients with this anomaly, sinus node dysfunction developed after a surgical
      procedure for correction of the defect. Of the total patient population, 20
      patients (51%) had previously undergone a cardiac operation. The mean interval
      between pacemaker implantation and the previous operation was 105 months. After a
      mean follow-up of 50.5 months, the patients with no obvious underlying heart
      disease have done well. Each of the eight patients who have died had underlying
      cardiovascular disease. None of the deaths was thought to be pacemaker related.
      Sinus node dysfunction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      young patients with syncope or dizziness, especially if they have undergone a
      reparative cardiac surgical procedure. If symptomatic sinus node dysfunction is
      confirmed, permanent pacing is an effective therapeutic modality. In the absence
      of associated heart disease, the prognosis seems to be excellent.

PMID- 4033232
TI  - Age-dependent decline of natural killer and antibody-dependent cell mediated
      cytotoxicity activity of human lymphocytes is connected with decrease of their
      acid phosphatase activity.
AB  - Decline of cytotoxic potential of lymphocytes of aged persons in ADCC and NK cell
      mediated cytotoxic reaction was paralleled by a drop in the activity of acid
      phosphatase. Intensity of ADCC reaction and the level of acid phosphatase
      activity showed statistically significant correlation when these two parameters
      were measured in peripheral blood of the same persons. The role of acid
      phosphatase in cytotoxic function of lymphocytes is discussed.

PMID- 4033233
TI  - The relationship between sialic acid content and peanut agglutinin binding on
      senescent and enzyme treated human erythrocytes.
AB  - Young, old and neuraminidase treated human red blood cells (RBC) were
      investigated with peanut agglutinin (PNA), a lectin with a specificity similar to
      that of serum T-agglutinin. The effect of serum agglutinins on this interaction
      was also investigated. The density and distribution of PNA receptors were
      evaluated by agglutination with PNA and binding of ferritin-conjugated PNA (PNA
      F), or PNA labeled with radioactive iodine [( 131I] PNA). The results were
      correlated with the distribution of membrane bound sialic acids, as evaluated by
      chemical analysis and rate of agglutination with poly-L-lysine (PLL). Untreated
      RBC of all ages did not agglutinate with PNA and failed to bind PNA-F and [131I]
      PNA. Treatment of young RBC with neuraminidase, which resulted in reduction of
      membrane-bound sialic acids to an extent similar to that of physiologically aged
      RBC, resulted in the concomitant exposure of PNA binding sites and in the
      agglutination of these cells by autologous serum. Pretreatment of the
      neuraminidase treated RBC with autologous serum resulted in partial inhibition of
      the binding capacity of PNA on the RBC. The results indicate that the normal age
      related loss of sialic acids in circulating RBC is not identical with enzymatic
      removal of sialic acids by neuraminidase. The observations suggest that different
      mechanisms are functional in the recognition and sequestration of old RBC and of
      RBC treated with neuraminidase.

PMID- 4033234
TI  - Ontogenic variations in the interactions of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes with
      cellular structure.
AB  - The interactions of the LDH isozymes with cellular structure have been studied in
      the major tissues of the mouse during development. Overall, there is a clear
      indication that interactions between LDH and cellular structure are appreciable
      in all major tissues and at all stages of development, and an analysis of the
      isozyme status of the enzyme in both soluble and bound compartments has been
      effected. Information has been provided supporting the preferential binding of
      the A type activity to actin filaments. The data provided also support the
      concept of pelletable B type LDH in kidney and brain during the postnatal period.
      Binding was particularly extensive in the early embryonic stages, and the
      significance of this phenomenon, and the subcellular interactions observed to
      varying degrees in all the tissues throughout development, have been discussed in
      relation to the known metabolic characteristics of these separate tissue
      situations.

PMID- 4033235
TI  - A workplace health education program that reduces outpatient visits.
AB  - A workplace health education program aimed at reducing unnecessary outpatient
      visits was offered through 22 California employers. A total of 5,200 employees
      attended a presentation, received self-help books, and completed self
      administered questionnaires. All visits for their households were monitored for
      up to 15 months. The study utilized a quasi-experimental staggered intervention
      design involving eight different cohorts, before/after comparisons, with
      statistical adjustment for seasonality and other intervening variables. Visit
      rates for households insured only by Blue Cross of California were reduced by 17%
      (P = 0.001), or 2.0 visits per household per year. For all participants, the
      reduction was 7.2% (P = 0.06), or 0.8 visits. Reductions were seen for all age
      and educational strata. The program was most effective among households with
      first dollar fee-for-service insurance coverage. Households with insurance
      requiring co-payments had less reduction. No reduction was seen among health
      maintenance organization (HMO) members. The study concludes that a minimal cost,
      self-care workplace intervention can reduce outpatient visits by important
      magnitudes.

PMID- 4033236
TI  - Measuring clinical performance of individual internists in office and hospital
      practice.
AB  - No standardized methods exist for reliably measuring physicians' performance
      against clinically valid standards. In this study, statistically reliable peer
      review based on current national standards of internal medicine was used to
      evaluate the clinical performance of 66 internists in office and hospital
      practice. Evaluation was limited to the substantiation of diagnosis, prescribing
      indicated drug regimen, monitoring, and attaining expected patient response.
      Performance in substantiating diagnosis was better than in therapeutic
      management, and management in hospitalized patients was superior to office
      management. Superior performance by a physician was not consistent across
      diagnoses, but substandard office treatment in at least one diagnosis was
      associated with substandard office treatment in other conditions. Internists'
      performance was unrelated to their certification status but inversely related to
      the number of years since graduation from medical school. This method could be
      used to evaluate the effectiveness of continuing education in improving
      physicians' performance and to validate current examinations used in recertifying
      internists.

PMID- 4033237
TI  - Patient predictors of hospice choice. Hospital versus home care programs.
AB  - Research findings indicate cost savings associated with home care hospices, while
      hospital-based hospices can be as expensive as conventional care. Based on
      National Hospice Study data, this article identifies the characteristics of
      patients admitted to hospital-based and home care hospices in those areas of the
      country where a choice of hospice model was possible. Multivariate logistic
      regression indicates that the significant discriminating factors between the two
      patient populations relate to the availability of supportive care at home and the
      severity of nursing care problems at the time of hospice entry. Reinforcing
      selected pre-existing differences, an examination of prehospice had longer
      episodes of care than was the case for home care hospice patients.

PMID- 4033238
TI  - [Infectious endocarditis. 5 years' experience].

PMID- 4033239
TI  - [Ultrastructural muscle study of chronic alcoholic patients with and without
      myopathy].

PMID- 4033240
TI  - [Mycobacteriosis: presentation of 38 cases].

PMID- 4033241
TI  - [Infectious endocarditis].

PMID- 4033242
TI  - [Amanita phalloides poisoning. Diagnosis by radioimmunoassay and treatment with
      forced diuresis].

PMID- 4033243
TI  - [Role of lipid changes as a risk factor in cerebrovascular ischemic accidents].

PMID- 4033244
TI  - [Value of the electrophysiologic study of the diaphragm in the diagnosis of
      phrenic paralysis].

PMID- 4033245
TI  - [Mediterranean lymphoma in a patient of advanced age].

PMID- 4033246
TI  - [Lymphocyte subpopulations and the presence of abnormal proteins in plasma
      concentrates].

PMID- 4033247
TI  - [The glioma-polyposis syndrome (Turcot's syndrome)].

PMID- 4033248
TI  - [Sensitivity of the genus Streptococcus to 9 antibiotics].

PMID- 4033250
TI  - [Arthrosis: a disease or aging?].

PMID- 4033249
TI  - [Acute renal failure caused by iodinated contrast material].

PMID- 4033251
TI  - [A classic problem: the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism].

PMID- 4033252
TI  - [Myocarditis in legionnaires' disease].

PMID- 4033253
TI  - [Purpura fulminans in the adult. Presentation of 2 cases].

PMID- 4033254
TI  - [Mammography and puncture biopsy in the diagnosis of breast cancer].

PMID- 4033255
TI  - [Pulmonary oxalosis caused by Aspergillus niger].

PMID- 4033256
TI  - [Pulmonary nocardiosis. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4033257
TI  - [Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma in an adult].

PMID- 4033258
TI  - [Serum levels of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in a case of poisoning].

PMID- 4033259
TI  - [Multiple cerebral infarctions as the 1st manifestation of systemic cancer].

PMID- 4033260
TI  - [Cutaneous necrosis caused by vasopressin].

PMID- 4033262
TI  - [Localized giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's pseudotumor)].

PMID- 4033261
TI  - [Pleural effusion of malignant etiology. Thoracoscopic use of talc as an
      effective method of pleurodesis].

PMID- 4033263
TI  - [Tuberculin test: errors in injection and interpretation of the Mantoux test.
      Evaluation of a training course].

PMID- 4033264
TI  - [Trapped lung syndrome. A rare cause of chronic pleural effusion].

PMID- 4033265
TI  - [Useful data on parkinsonian syndromes].

PMID- 4033266
TI  - [Agranulocytosis caused by glucantime (N-methylglucamine antimoniate) during
      treatment of kala-azar].

PMID- 4033267
TI  - [Hepatitis caused by Q fever simulating acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 4033268
TI  - [Association of allergic vasculitis and alcoholic liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 4033269
TI  - [Leukocytoclastic vasculitis in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 4033271
TI  - [Visual evoked potentials in hepatic encephalopathy].

PMID- 4033270
TI  - [Leukocytes labeled with 111In in the localization of abscesses].

PMID- 4033272
TI  - [Intracellular calcium and renal function].

PMID- 4033273
TI  - [Isotopic ventriculography (I). Global and segmental ventricular ejection
      fraction].

PMID- 4033274
TI  - [Minimal blood levels of theophylline: circadian rhythm].

PMID- 4033275
TI  - [Toxic megacolon in a patient with ulcerous proctitis].

PMID- 4033276
TI  - [Enteroclysis or intestinal transit].

PMID- 4033277
TI  - [Extrathoracic anthracosis].

PMID- 4033278
TI  - [Bilateral partial convulsive crises associated with non-ketotic hyperglycemia].

PMID- 4033279
TI  - [Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis].

PMID- 4033280
TI  - [Familial Mediterranean fever. Review of 16 cases].

PMID- 4033281
TI  - [Neurologic manifestations in acute poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides].

PMID- 4033282
TI  - [Calcitonin deficiency in postmenopausal osteoporosis].

PMID- 4033283
TI  - [Usefulness of tiapamil, a new calcium antagonist, in the treatment of essential
      arterial hypertension].

PMID- 4033284
TI  - [Usefulness of hepatic biopsy in fever of unknown origin].

PMID- 4033285
TI  - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with primary testicular manifestation. Presentation of 3
      cases].

PMID- 4033286
TI  - [A 34-year-old woman with metrorrhagia and abdominal pain (clinicopathologic
      conference)].

PMID- 4033287
TI  - [Amiodarone and thyroid dysfunction].

PMID- 4033288
TI  - [Primary hypothyroidism and secondary pituitary adenoma].

PMID- 4033289
TI  - Use of quantitative ECG analysis for early detection and prediction of coronary
      heart disease.

PMID- 4033290
TI  - Precise reproduction of electrocardiograms by spline interpolation.

PMID- 4033291
TI  - Identification techniques applied to processing of signals from cardiovascular
      systems.

PMID- 4033292
TI  - Computerized system for isochronic epicardial mapping.

PMID- 4033293
TI  - Computer analysis of left ventricular pressure-volume relationships by
      echocardiography.
AB  - Programs were developed for the analysis of left ventricular pressure-volume
      relationships in clinical situations. Regression lines of end-systolic points on
      the pressure-volume plane were obtained from nine patients. Correlation
      coefficients between end-systolic pressure and volume were high. The indices
      calculated may be useful for diagnosis and research of left ventricular function.

PMID- 4033294
TI  - Computer-generated discharge letters in the coronary care unit.

PMID- 4033296
TI  - [Hemolytic activity of selected strains of the genus Yersinia].

PMID- 4033295
TI  - Data systems in cardiological departments: an overview of the literature.

PMID- 4033297
TI  - [Hemolytic properties of strains of the genus Yersinia. II. Evaluation on liquid
      media].

PMID- 4033298
TI  - [Hemolytic properties of strains of the genus Yersinia. III. Evaluation of bovine
      and horse blood].

PMID- 4033299
TI  - [Capacity of strains of the genus Yersinia to produce enterotoxins evaluated by a
      test using suckling mice].

PMID- 4033300
TI  - Effects of dantrolene sodium on occlusion and reperfusion arrhythmias in the
      canine heart.
AB  - The effects of dantrolene sodium on occlusion and reperfusion ventricular
      arrhythmias (VA) were studied in a canine model. Transient ischemia was induced
      by a 10 min occlusion period of the left anterior descending coronary artery in
      27 control dogs and 32 dogs pretreated with dantrolene sodium (2.5 mg/kg). In the
      control group, 14 (52%) dogs experienced VA during occlusion. Five of these had
      ventricular fibrillation, 3 of which were fatal. Eight of 24 control dogs which
      reached reperfusion experienced ventricular fibrillation during the first 30 sec
      of reperfusion. Dantrolene sodium did not lower the frequency of VA during
      occlusion 22/32 (69%). Moreover, the incidence of fatal ventricular fibrillation
      during occlusion was significantly (p less than 0.025) higher in the drug treated
      group (12/32; 37.5%) than in the control group (3/27; 11%). Dantrolene sodium
      also significantly reduced the time that lasted from the commencement of
      occlusion to the appearance of ventricular fibrillation (240 +/- 1 sec versus 166
      +/- 9 seconds, control and drug group, respectively p less than 0.05) without
      significantly altering either heart rate or blood pressure (169 +/- 4 b.p.m., and
      170 +/- b.p.m.; 101 +/- 10 mmHg and 104 +/- 9 mmHg, before and after dantrolene
      sodium, respectively). These results indicate that dantrolene sodium might have
      an arrhythmogenic effect in the ischemic canine heart.

PMID- 4033301
TI  - Influence of urinary pH on pethidine kinetics in healthy volunteer subjects.
AB  - The kinetics of intravenous pethidine (150 micrograms kg-1) were determined in 10
      healthy Caucasian subjects under uncontrolled and controlled (acidic and
      alkaline) urinary pH. Although large variations in the 48 hr urinary recovery of
      pethidine and norpethidine (26.9 +/- 5.9% & 23.4 +/- 4.6%, 0.6 +/- 0.3% & 3.6 +/-
      1.6%, 6.9 +/- 3.2% & 17.4 +/- 6.6%, respectively, under acidic, alkaline and
      uncontrolled urinary pH were induced by change in urinary pH, the terminal t1/2
      (7-8 hr), the AUC and the plasma concentration-time profiles were not affected.
      Under all these conditions, the disappearance of pethidine from the plasma was
      described by a triexponential function. A 3-compartment open model with input
      into the central compartment and elimination from both the central and the fast
      accessible (metabolising) compartment was proposed to interpret pethidine
      distribution in the body. This model explains the complimentary elimination of
      pethidine by renal excretion and metabolism. Under alkaline urinary pH, the
      hydrolytic route predominates as recovery of pethidine and norpethidine in the
      urine is significantly lower under this condition. Acidification of the urine may
      increase body clearance of the unchanged drug due mainly to greater renal
      clearance, and this may be useful clinically to treat acute pethidine poisoning
      and when the complimentary hepatic metabolism is impaired.

PMID- 4033302
TI  - Theophylline: a haemoperfusion modelisation.
AB  - A dynamic study of the kinetics of theophylline adsorption in aqueous medium by
      two adsorbent resins is proposed. The adsorption process involves Van der Walls
      pattern physical bonds. An in vitro haemoperfusion apparatus was schematized and
      data describing the adsorption-desorption process was obtained. A mathematical
      treatment led to the conclusion that first-order adsorption and desorption rates
      are involved, results which led to the consideration of a model of in vivo
      haemoperfusion in the case of first-order adsorption and desorption, with first
      order corporeal elimination. The results indicate that one of the resins used,
      Amberlite XAD4, already known as a haemocompatible resin, is useful in
      eliminating theophylline.

PMID- 4033303
TI  - Theoretical study of haemoperfusion: drugs obeying a one-compartment
      pharmacokinetics model.
AB  - A general theory of haemoperfusion for drugs obeying the one-compartment
      pharmacokinetics model is proposed. The following theoretical cases are
      investigated: First case Adsorption and desorption are first-order reactions
      without biotransformation, and elimination rate is first-order. Two particular
      cases are examined: no desorption and alpha = beta. Second case: Adsorption and
      desorption rates are first-order, without biotransformation, and elimination rate
      is zero-order. Third case: Adsorption rate is first-order and desorption rate is
      zero-order, without biotransformation, and elimination is either first-order or
      zero-order. Fourth case Adsorption rate is zero-order and desorption rate is
      first-order, without biotransformation, and elimination is either first-order or
      zero-order. Fifth case: Adsorption and desorption rates are first-order, with
      biotransformation. In all these pharmacokinetics models for haemoperfusion,
      theoretical computations lead to the values of adsorbed amount and plasma level,
      in relation to time. Clearances are also computed. In most cases, haemoperfusion
      must be performed quickly because of the desorption phenomenon. Parameters
      modulating the adsorption process are: surface area, blood flow, drug
      concentration in blood, adsorbent nature and adsorbent quantity.

PMID- 4033304
TI  - A method for determining the excretion of volatile substances through skin.
AB  - A method is described for determining the concentration of volatile substances
      that are excreted through the skin via insensible perspiration. The technique
      involves placing the hand into a polyethylene bag maintained at 37 degrees C and
      allowing the air around the hand to come to equilibrium with the vapors emanating
      from the skin. Gas samples were removed from the bag and the concentration of
      volatile substances was determined by gas chromatographic analysis. Using ethanol
      as a test substance, alcohol excretion from the skin was determined and compared
      to breath and blood concentration. The results indicate that the concentration of
      alcohol in insensible perspiration is not substantially different from that of
      breath or blood following complete absorption. However, during the period of
      active drug absorption, perspiration alcohol concentration lags behind the blood
      and breath concentration, and then later has a slightly higher concentration than
      blood and breath.

PMID- 4033305
TI  - [Emphysema as a leading symptom].
AB  - Air may enter the tissue via injuries of the respiratory and alimentary tracts.
      The mechanisms governing the entrance of air are traumas, and surgical or
      anaesthesiological measures; spontaneous entry is also possible. Infections with
      aerogenic bacteria are very rare. Numerous possible aetiologies for the
      accumulation of air in the head and neck have been reported. Case reports are
      given to discuss the pathomechanism and therapy of emphysema as a result of
      injuries of cranium and larynx, dental treatment, whiplash injury,
      adenotonsillectomy and spontaneously in asthma. The otolaryngologist should have
      thorough knowledge of differential diagnosis and prophylactic measures, since
      therapy depends upon the aetiology.

PMID- 4033306
TI  - [Myocutaneous island flaps as a new principle in plastic and reconstructive head
      and neck surgery].
AB  - After a brief introductory presentation of typical regional flaps for surgical
      repair of cervicofacial defects, the author describes the principle, the
      advantages, and the disadvantages of myocutaneous island flaps. The central
      position and the great value of the acromiopectoral myocutaneous island flap
      (pectoralis major-flap) for reconstructive practice are emphasised. This flap
      allows the total one-stage repair of the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus.

PMID- 4033307
TI  - [Septal support made from aluminum oxide ceramics].
AB  - Dislocation of the cartilage after surgery on the nasal septum is a common
      complication. To avoid this complication we developed a so-called septum holder
      made of biologically inert Al2O3 ceramic for implantation at the anterior nasal
      spine.

PMID- 4033308
TI  - [The cervico-cranial syndrome in the practice of the otorhinolaryngologist].
AB  - The craniocervical syndrome is an entity whose symptoms: vertigo, cephalea,
      tinnitus, facial pain, otalgia, dysphagia, pain of the carotid artery are thought
      to be caused by cervical factors. In the majority of cases the cranio-cervical
      syndrome is caused by a spondylarthrogenic segmental dysfunction whose
      pathophysiology is explained. In the pathogenesis lesions of the joints of the
      skull which may be responsible for pain and dysfunction in the segmental areas
      are of great importance. The neurology of the joints of the skull, as well as the
      pathological mechanisms of spondylarthrogenic disturbances, responsible for the
      different kinds of dysfunction of the equilibrium and for cephalea are discussed.
      The pathophysiological basis of manual diagnosis is explained; also the
      radiological findings of the upper cervical vertebral column are principally
      discussed. A short review of therapeutic recommendations is given.

PMID- 4033309
TI  - [Importance of the general radiograph of the cervical spine in vertigo and
      pathologic proprioceptive cervical nystagmus].
AB  - The general roentgenogram of the cervical spine often shows manifold pathological
      alterations by patients without any clinical complaints. On the other hand, there
      are cervical vertigo and different symptoms caused by the cervical spine, its
      joints, muscles and ligaments without any X-ray manifestation. Nevertheless, some
      connections are assumed to exist between vertigo and alterations of the cervical
      spine an assumption supported especially by the frequently successful elimination
      of cervical troubles by chirotherapy. We compared the X-ray manifestations in
      patients complaining of vertigo with any and without any pathological
      proprioceptive cervical nystagmus provoked by examination according to Moser and
      revealed by electronystagmography. The extended posture of the cervical spine
      seems to point to a possible cause of vertigo. Likewise, some degenerative
      alterations seem to exercise a pathological effect, provoking cervical vertigo
      additionally if both effects are combined. Uncovertebral arthroses seem to have
      the same effect without occurring in combination with other effects. The general
      roentgenogram of the cervical spine in the sloping, lateral and anterior
      posterior direction may consequently point to some possible causes of cervical
      vertigo.

PMID- 4033310
TI  - [Evidence for the validity of an extended theory of Barany].
AB  - The results published in literature of caloric tests in face-up position are
      compared to these obtained in face-down position. The rates of convective flow
      and expansion of the endolymph are evaluated. The theory of Barany continues to
      be valid, because the rate of convection is greater than that of expansion.
      Together with the expansion effect the theory explains caloric nystagmus under
      terrestrial conditions and under conditions in space, i.e. in the absence of
      gravitation.

PMID- 4033311
TI  - [So-called laryngeal nystagmus. Progressive myoclonus as a symptom of a
      cerebellar and brain stem infarct].
AB  - The present article describes a patient with ischemia in the vascular territory
      of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, who developed in addition to other
      typical signs of the dorsolateral medulla oblongata, myoclonic movements of the
      ipsilateral vocal cord. Within a period of one year, the myoclonic movement
      progressed, leading to bilateral involvement of the velo-pharyngeal muscles. The
      essential neuropathological lesion is considered to be an impairment of the
      dentato-olivary System. In this respect there is a close relationship to other
      types of rhythmical myoclonus due to lesions of the brain-stem and cerebellum.

PMID- 4033312
TI  - [A smelling prosthesis for laryngectomized patients].
AB  - An instrument is presented which helps the laryngectomee to smell. It consists of
      a tube placed between tracheostoma, mouth and nose. The laryngectomized person is
      able to ventilate his nose with the help of this aid. Moreover, it also aids in
      blowing the nose and inhaling in case of nasal catarrh.

PMID- 4033313
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of esophageal candidiasis].
AB  - In 14 patients with candida infection of the oesophagus, the clinical, radiologic
      and endoscopic findings are described. It is pointed out that candida mycosis of
      the oesophagus may occur primarily and without underlying disease. The authors
      report on the therapy of candidiasis.

PMID- 4033314
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy in patients with renal insufficiency].
AB  - For the otolaryngologist (ENT specialist), too, antibiotics are among the most
      frequently prescribed drugs. This article gives the essential fundamentals for
      the antibiotic treatment of patients with restricted kidney functions, as well as
      advice for antibiotic therapy in clinics and in medical practice.

PMID- 4033315
TI  - [The use of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents during pregnancy].
AB  - Physicians engaged in all general and specialist fields of medicine may at times
      be confronted with the necessity of prescribing an antibiotic or chemotherapy for
      pregnant patients. This article gives ample advice on the therapy with
      antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents during pregnancy.

PMID- 4033316
TI  - [The execution of the modified Thornell operation].

PMID- 4033317
TI  - [Submucous turbinate resection].
AB  - This article describes the authors' experiences on submucous resection of the
      turbinate bone in chronic hypertrophic lower turbinates. Similar to the procedure
      in septoplasties, this surgery preserves the mucosa and its physiological
      properties. The technique is facilitated by an amazingly low tendency to
      bleeding. 70 patients were followed up post-operatively. More than 70% reported a
      marked improvement of nasal breathing. No serious complications were seen.

PMID- 4033318
TI  - [Dysontogenetic median maxillary cysts].
AB  - Nasopalatine duct cysts, median palatine cysts and nasoalveolar cysts belong to
      the developmental cysts of the upper jaw. They are situated at the midline in the
      fusion areas of embryonic facial processes and for this reason are known as
      "fissural cysts". They are, therefore, not of odontogenic origin and, on account
      of their relationship to the mouth, the nose and the nasal cavities, are of
      practical relevance to the otolaryngologist. The various clinical symptoms and
      the histological findings are described, and a review of the literature is
      presented.

PMID- 4033319
TI  - [Computer or conventional tomography? Comparative studies in craniofacial
      fractures].
AB  - Both conventional tomography and computed tomography are usefully employed in
      examinations of facial and frontal skull base fractures. Whereas computed
      tomography offers an excellent high-resolution image, conventional tomography
      yields a better spatial representation. The advantages and limitations of these
      techniques in the diagnosis of facial and frontal skull base fractures are
      presented and discussed.

PMID- 4033320
TI  - [Metastasizing mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland. Case report].
AB  - This article reports on a high-grade mucoepidermoid tumour with a wide lymphogen
      and haematogen spread. The patient's further malignomas, a carcinoma of the great
      bowel and the urinary bladder, remained without metastases.

PMID- 4033321
TI  - [Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura disease)].
AB  - A case of a rare disease, known as angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia,
      or Kimura's disease, is described in order to discuss the histopathology,
      aetiology and differential diagnosis by means of literature. The clinical
      symptomatology consisting of the appearance of cutaneous or subcutaneous tumours
      is reported as well as the histological features. The therapy of choice is the
      surgical treatment of the tumour, whereas in most cases radiation or large-dosed
      therapy with corticosteroids leads to remissions only.

PMID- 4033322
TI  - [Treatment of tinnitus with iontophoresis and local anesthesia].
AB  - 50 previously unsuccessfully treated patients suffering from tinnitus were given
      local-anaesthesia-iontophoresis. By iontophoresis it is possible to build up an
      electric field, in which a local anaesthetic (lidocaine hydrochloride) is able to
      penetrate through the tympanic membrane. Experimentally it has been proven that
      this local anaesthetic has a direct effect on the inner ear. In contrast to
      intravenous and intratympanal application there are no toxic side effects when
      applying local-anaesthesia-iontophoresis. Tinnitus was reduced completely or
      partly in 31 patients after repeated application to one or both ears. No
      connection was seen between the success of therapy and the origin of the
      tinnitus. Treatment was unsuccessful in 19 cases. No serious side effects were
      seen. Local-anaesthesia-iontophoresis can be recommended as an attempt to treat
      tinnitus, especially in those cases who have not yet responded to drugs.

PMID- 4033323
TI  - Fenestration of the horizontal semicircular canal in congenital conductive
      deafness.
AB  - Fenestration of the horizontal semicircular canal enables the otologic surgeon to
      restore hearing in those patients with congenital conductive deafness who are not
      candidates for stapedectomy, ossicular reconstruction, or tympanoplasty. Since
      the development of stapedectomy, much of the finesse technique of fenestration
      surgery has been lost, and many otologic surgeons today are unfamiliar with the
      fenestration operation. The surgical technique for creating a permanently patent
      fenestra in the horizontal semicircular canal is described. The causes of failure
      in fenestration surgery are reviewed. Thirty-three patients who have undergone
      fenestration for congenital conductive deafness over a 30-year period, and 100
      patients who underwent fenestration for otosclerosis in 1950, are reviewed to
      demonstrate patient selection and the efficacy of this operation in establishing
      long-term hearing improvement.

PMID- 4033324
TI  - Open mastoid procedures: contemporary indications and surgical technique.
AB  - The history of the management of chronic ear disease with and without
      cholesteatoma is dominated by a canal wall down philosophy. The implication is
      that such an open procedure insures disease control and an uncomplicated future.
      In point of fact, problem canal wall down procedures can be fraught with as many
      serious complications as their more controversial canal wall up counterpart is
      alleged to propagate. Such problem cavities most commonly result from poor
      execution of basic technique. The objective of this paper is to identify what
      constitutes a problem cavity and to describe the authors' techniques to avoid
      such difficulties. A technique has evolved which not only eradicates disease, but
      which is self-cleansing and of minimal impact on the patient's lifestyle. The
      authors' experience with canal wall down procedures is reviewed.

PMID- 4033325
TI  - Velar closure and ear tubings as a primary procedure in the repair of cleft
      palates.
AB  - This ten-year study reviews 36 patients with complete clefts of the hard and soft
      palates treated with primary velar closure, bilateral myringotomies, and tubings
      performed when the infant was 12 to 15 months of age. The hard palate and
      prepalate were not closed until the child was at least 5 1/2 years of age. By
      early velar closure, a population with an almost 100% incidence of otitis media
      with effusion has been converted to a population with a 17% incidence of
      recurrent otitis media requiring repeat myringotomies and tubings.

PMID- 4033326
TI  - High-grade malignancies of the parotid gland: effective use of planned combined
      surgery and irradiation.
AB  - The trend toward treatment of parotid gland malignancies with planned combined
      surgery and postoperative radiation therapy is currently being followed by many
      centers, although prospective studies confirming the efficacy of this treatment
      regimen have only recently begun. We have reviewed only our "high-grade"
      histologic types: adenocarcinomas, malignant mixed tumors, high-grade
      mucoepidermoid carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and undifferentiated
      carcinomas. Acinic cell carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, and low-grade
      mucoepidermoid carcinomas were excluded from study because of their different
      biologic behavior. Since 1974, we have employed the approach of surgical
      extirpation with preservation of the facial nerve when possible for all parotid
      tumors, combined with planned postoperative radiation therapy (50-70 Gy). We
      reviewed the 37 cases of "high-grade" parotid gland malignancies and compared the
      patients treated with the combined modality approach with our historical patients
      treated initially with surgery alone. Despite an apparent higher stage at
      presentation, our combined treatment group ultimately had significantly better
      local control (70% vs. 20%), and an equivalent survival rate at five years. Tumor
      was present at the margin of resection in 14 (74%) cases treated with combined
      surgery and irradiation. The facial nerve was preserved in six of these patients
      with positive margins, and only one of these patients developed a local or
      regional treatment failure. In conclusion, our data confirms the efficacy of
      surgical exploration to determine the extent of disease and surgical resection,
      preserving facial nerve function if possible, followed by postoperative radiation
      therapy at adequate doses. Control of local-regional disease was much improved by
      combined modality therapy as opposed to surgical resection alone, despite the
      prevalence of residual microscopic disease in the resection margins. Facial nerve
      function is optimally preserved by this approach of conservative surgery combined
      with postoperative radiation therapy.

PMID- 4033327
TI  - Newer technique of tracheoesophageal fistula for vocal rehabilitation after total
      laryngectomy.
AB  - In 1982, we published a new technique to create a tracheoesophageal (TE) fistula,
      using the combination of an endotracheal tube and a flexible fiberoptic
      nasopharyngolaryngoscope. An even more simple technique using a fenestrated metal
      Yankauer Tonsillar suction is now introduced. This technique allows for the TE
      fistula to be made by any level of the tracheo-esophageal junction. It is easily
      done with topical and local anesthesia with the patient sitting on the
      otolaryngology examination chair. The method described has been used in 25
      consecutive cases with no complications.

PMID- 4033328
TI  - Pediatric nasal resistance.
AB  - Rhinometry has provided a quantitative and objective means of assessing nasal
      airway patency. Previous investigators have established normal nasal resistances
      for adults and newborn infants. Less material and no such normal references are
      available for the pediatric ages. In this study, nasal airway resistance is
      assessed by anterior rhinometric technique in 498 children ranging from four to
      16 years of age. Collected nasal resistance data are found to vary inversely with
      age and fall in an almost linear fashion between already established normals of
      infancy and adulthood. As far as we can determine, pediatric age specific nasal
      resistance data with calculated standard deviations and 95% confidence levels
      have not been previously reported. Such data provides initial age specific
      reference points enabling the rhinologist to more objectively evaluate concerns
      regarding nasal obstructive problems in children.

PMID- 4033329
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea: variations in surgical management.
AB  - Forty patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were either treated by
      submucous resection, alone or by palatopharyngoplasty (PPP). Before surgery, each
      patient underwent a thorough sleep evaluation for the diagnosis of OSA. Of the 23
      patients treated by submucous resection alone, eight had more than a 50%
      reduction in their apnea index and were considered successfully treated. Of the
      remaining 15, ten received a supplemental tongue retaining device (TRD). Five of
      the ten were markedly improved. The overall success rate in this group was 57%.
      Of the 17 patients treated by submucous resection and PPP, ten were treated
      successfully. Six of the remaining seven patients were subsequently treated with
      a TRD, which was successful in four. The overall success rate in this group was
      82%.

PMID- 4033330
TI  - Autologous fibrin tissue adhesive.
AB  - Various methods of making fibrin tissue adhesive from a patient's own blood were
      evaluated. The method using ammonium sulfate for fibrinogen preparation produced
      the greatest bonding strength. The average bonding strength of the commercially
      manufactured adhesive and of the autologous fibrin tissue adhesive were compared
      at 10 minutes and 30 minutes after glueing together 1 X 1 cm samples of fresh
      human dura. Results indicate the commercial glue holding 57 gms/cm2 at 10 minutes
      and 123 gms/cm2 at 30 minutes, while autologous glue prepared with the "ammonium
      sulfate method" has a bonding strength of 41 gms/cm2 at 10 minutes and 217
      gms/cm2 at 30 minutes.

PMID- 4033331
TI  - Lymphoepithelioma (undifferentiated carcinoma) of the laryngohypopharynx.
AB  - Lymphoepithelioma (World Health Organization type 3, undifferentiated carcinoma
      of the nasopharyngeal type) is an extremely rare cancer in the
      laryngohypopharyngeal regions. We found reports of only 6 such tumors in the
      English language medical literature; 1 of the 6 was from our institution. We
      report four additional cases seen at the Mayo Clinic. Radiotherapy controlled
      disease at the primary site in three of the four cases. The neoplasm has a
      propensity for early, widespread dissemination. Three of our four patients died
      of extensive visceral and nodal metastases. One patient has survived eight years
      without a recurrence.

PMID- 4033332
TI  - Endolymphatic sac surgery for Meniere's disease: a composite study of 339 cases.
AB  - This paper analyzes 339 consecutively performed endolymphatic mastoid sac shunts.
      Regardless of the method used, vertigo was controlled and hearing either improved
      or stabilized in approximately 70% of the cases. Overall, vertigo was controlled
      in approximately 80% of the cases. Similar results were obtained in cases of
      Meniere's syndrome and vestibular Meniere's disease. It is suggested here that,
      regardless of the method employed, there remains a high likelihood that the
      symptoms will recur, and the question is raised as to whether sac surgery may
      merely induce a temporary remission of the disease process. Consequently, it is
      hereby proposed that there is a need to devise a method to permanently drain the
      endolymph in order to more effectively control the disease on a permanent basis.
      Until this is achieved, however, sac surgery would appear to be the most
      appropriate surgical treatment for Meniere's disease.

PMID- 4033333
TI  - Epidermoid cysts, sulci, and mucosal bridges of the true vocal cord: a report of
      157 cases.
AB  - Presented is a summary of our experience with 157 patients having a diagnosis of
      epidermoid cyst, glottic sulcus, or mucosal bridge of the true vocal cord. Each
      patient in this group was diagnosed and treated jointly by a phoniatrist and
      microlaryngoscopist and then evaluated for results of surgical and phoniatric
      therapy. Included in the discussion are methods of examination and diagnosis,
      microanatomy and histopathology of the lesions, methods of treatment, and results
      of treatment. An argument for a common etiology for these lesions is advanced.

PMID- 4033334
TI  - Extended follow-up of total inferior turbinate resection for relief of chronic
      nasal obstruction.
AB  - Total inferior turbinectomy has been proposed as a treatment for chronic nasal
      airway obstruction refractory to other, more conservative, methods of treatment.
      Traditionally, it has been criticized because of its adverse effects on
      nasophysiology. In this study, patients who had previously undergone total
      inferior turbinectomy were evaluated with the use of an extensive questionnaire.
      It confirms that total inferior turbinectomy carries significant morbidity and
      should be condemned.

PMID- 4033335
TI  - The bifid uvula: is it a marker for an otitis prone child?
AB  - All children seen by a pediatrician in a suburban practice during an 18-month
      interval were examined carefully for the presence of an abnormal uvula. Isolated
      bifid uvula, without overt cleft palate, was detected among 44 children who had
      been followed in the practice during the first three years of life. A chart
      review was performed to determine the frequency of acute otitis media (AOM) and
      of insertion of tympanostomy tubes among these study patients and among age
      matched controls with normal uvulas. Compared to control children, a slightly
      higher proportion of children with bifid uvulas had experienced more than one
      episode of AOM (64% vs. 49%) and more than three episodes of AOM (16% vs. 8%)
      during the first year of life, but these differences were not statistically
      significant. By age 3 years, the incidences of AOM in the compared groups were
      more nearly equal. Insertion of tympanostomy tubes during the first three years
      of life for persistent middle ear effusion was slightly more common among the
      bifid uvula group than among the controls (14% vs. 10%), but this difference
      again was not statistically significant. Children with bifid uvula may be at
      slightly increased risk of middle ear problems during the first years of life,
      but the magnitude of this increase, if any, appears small.

PMID- 4033336
TI  - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis with internal carotid occlusion: report of two cases
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Two fatal cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis with fungal invasion and occlusion
      of the internal carotid artery are described. Review of the literature reveals 35
      similar cases of whom only 6 survived. Emphasis is placed on the need for early
      diagnosis and prompt therapy which consists of correction of the underlying
      disease, aggressive surgical debridement, and amphotericin B.

PMID- 4033337
TI  - Fourth pharyngeal pouch sinus.
AB  - This is the first description and documentation of an extremely rare
      developmental anomaly of the pharyngeal apparatus in a 15-year-old female. The
      clinical, radiological, histological, and anatomical findings indicated that the
      anomaly originated in the pharyngeal fourth pouch. It presented as a recurrent
      lateral neck abscess which was due to a paratracheal sinus. This sinus penetrated
      the larynx and after a translaryngeal course ended in the pyriform sinus. It was
      caudad to the superior laryngeal nerve and external to the recurrent laryngeal
      nerve. Its penetration into the larynx at the cricothyroid joint region could
      serve as a useful surgical landmark.

PMID- 4033338
TI  - High frequency needle dissection rhytidectomy.
AB  - Fifty consecutive rhytidectomies were performed utilizing high frequency needle
      dissection on one side and standard sharp dissection on the other for all
      incisions and flap elevation. The efficacy of this technique in hemostasis,
      prevention of hematoma, and wound healing is compared to the conventional
      technique of rhytidectomy. The advantages and disadvantages of the modality are
      discussed.

PMID- 4033339
TI  - Silastic sheet keel in laryngeal reconstruction.

PMID- 4033340
TI  - Comminuted fractures of the zygomatic arch: percutaneous circumzygomatic
      suspension.

PMID- 4033341
TI  - Flap protection in exostosis surgery.

PMID- 4033342
TI  - Furosemide ototoxicity: clinical and experimental aspects.
AB  - Furosemide is an ototoxic diuretic. Furosemide injection is followed by a rapid,
      but reversible decrease of the endocochlear potential and eighth nerve action
      potential with a more gradual decrease of the endolymph potassium concentration.
      In contrast to the reversible effects of furosemide alone on the cochlea, the
      combination of kanamycin with furosemide resulted in irreversible changes in
      cochlear function which were associated with elevated levels of kanamycin in the
      blood and perilymph of the experimental animals. There was a striking similarity
      between the blood level measured by high pressure liquid chromatography at the
      time of recovery of auditory function in experimental animals and the ototoxic
      blood levels proposed by others in clinical literature. These findings help to
      provide a pharmacologic basis for the clinical observation of furosemide-induced
      hearing loss.

PMID- 4033343
TI  - Microvascular anastomosis using the milliwatt CO2 laser.
AB  - The milliwatt CO2 laser was used to anastomose small vessels in a rat femoral
      artery model. The technique requires multiple brief applications of 60-70 mW
      after placement of three equidistant 10-0 nylon stay sutures. The vessel
      histology is described immediately and 1, 3, 7, and 21 days after the procedure.
      The laser effects tissue bonding through changes in the collagen of the
      adventitia and media. Subsequent healing consists of new collagen deposition in
      the adventitia and reendothelialization of the intima associated with neointimal
      proliferation at 3 weeks.

PMID- 4033344
TI  - CO2 laser and suture in splenic parenchyma: an experimental study.
AB  - Hemisplenectomy was performed with the scalpel in 12 mongrel dogs. The blood
      vessels of the splenic pedicle were temporarily clamped. In a six-dog group,
      hemostasis was obtained by CO2 laser and residual bleeding was controlled by
      sutures. In the other six dogs, group hemostasis was performed only by sutures.
      The surgical procedure was free of mortality. No hematological changes were
      observed in both groups. Histological studies revealed a better hemostatic effect
      and intensive necrosis of the splenic parenchyma in the lasered group compared
      with the sutured group.

PMID- 4033345
TI  - Evaluation of the carbon dioxide laser for performance of gastrointestinal
      myotomies.
AB  - Using a conventional carbon dioxide laser set at 8-W continuous-wave energy, a
      technique was developed in the animal laboratory to incise only the muscularis of
      the pylorus leaving the mucosa and submucosa intact. Similar esophageal myotomies
      were performed with less success, due to the rich submucosal venous plexus
      causing obscuring hemorrhage and to the reapproximation of the longitudinal
      esophageal muscle over a 3-week period. The technique for esophageal myotomy
      requires further refinement, but pyloromyotomy appears applicable for controlled
      human trials.

PMID- 4033346
TI  - Purification of dog VIP from a single animal.
AB  - VIP, a potent vasodilator peptide, is reported to be identical in pig, cow, human
      and rat but to differ in four amino acids in chicken. This report describes the
      purification of dog VIP from the small intestine of a single animal. The
      purification method is based on tissue extraction with a sequence of organic
      solvents. The extracted VIP is concentrated onto cation-exchange cellulose and
      brought to purity by three HPLC steps. A 30% final yield of pure VIP was obtained
      from the original extract. Dog VIP was found to have the following sequence: His
      Ser-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala -Val-Lys-Lys
      Tyr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Asn. Thus the amino acid sequence of dog VIP is identical
      with all the mammalian VIP's which have been reported. This suggests that a high
      degree of conservation throughout the molecule may be required for VIP
      bioactivity.

PMID- 4033347
TI  - Comparison of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis induced by congeners and isomers
      of phenylpropanolamine.
AB  - The present experiment compared the effects of intraperitoneal injection (.0223
      mMol/kg) of several phenethylamine congeners and isomers including amphetamine
      (AMP), ephedrine (EPH), methoxyphenamine (MET), norpseudoephedrine (NOR),
      pseudoephedrine (PS) and phenylpropanolamine (PPA) on in vivo interscapular brown
      adipose tissue temperature in adult male rats. Comparisons of isomer potency
      revealed that the 1-isomer was more thermogenic than the d-isomer for EPH and PPA
      but not for AMP, NOR and PS. Congener potency order was: AMP greater than PPA
      greater than EPH greater than NOR = MET greater than PS. The implications of
      these data for the weight-reducing activity of these compounds is discussed.

PMID- 4033348
TI  - Ethanol increases plasma vasopressin shortly after intraperitoneal injection in
      rats.
AB  - In rats, ethanol has generally been thought to inhibit vasopressin (VP) release
      into the peripheral circulation; however, the primary evidence for this
      conclusion has been indirect. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure VP in the
      plasma of rats decapitated 5 or 60 min after intraperitoneal injection of ethanol
      (2.0 g/kg). Confirming the popular notion that ethanol inhibits VP release, VP
      levels were decreased 60 min after treatment. But radioimmunoassay techniques
      also revealed that VP release is markedly stimulated shortly after an injection
      of ethanol.

PMID- 4033349
TI  - Plasma dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) in the in vivo assessment of human neuronal
      norepinephrine metabolism.
AB  - We investigated the utility of deaminated norepinephrine (NE) metabolites in the
      study of human sympathetic nervous pathophysiology. Plasma levels of the NE
      metabolite dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) appear to be related to intraneuronal NE
      stores. Plasma DHPG increases when sympathetic nervous activity or circulating NE
      increase and decreases when neuronal NE is depleted or neuronal NE reuptake is
      blocked. Changes in plasma dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA) related less closely to
      changes in plasma NE. The coupling of measurements of plasma NE with its
      deaminated metabolites and DHPG may improve understanding of human NE metabolism
      and neuronal NE reuptake.

PMID- 4033350
TI  - Effects of isomers of apomorphines on dopamine receptors in striatal and limbic
      tissue of rat brain.
AB  - The optical isomers of apomorphine (APO) and N-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) were
      interacted with three biochemical indices of dopamine (DA) receptors in
      extrapyramidal and limbic preparations of rat brain tissue. There were consistent
      isomeric preferences for the R(-) configuration of both DA analogs in stimulating
      adenylate cyclase (D-1 sites) and in competing for high affinity binding of 3H
      spiroperidol (D-2 sites) and of 3H-ADTN (DA agonist binding sites) in striatal
      tissue, with lesser isomeric differences in the limbic tissue. The S(+)
      apomorphines did not inhibit stimulation of adenylate cyclase by DA. The tendency
      for greater activity or higher apparent affinity of R(-) apomorphines in striatum
      may reflect the evidently greater abundance of receptor sites in that region.
      There were only small regional differences in interactions of the apomorphine
      isomers with all three receptor sites, except for a strong preference of (-)NPA
      for striatal D-2 sites. These results do not parallel our recent observations
      indicating potent and selective antidopaminergic actions of S(+) apomorphines in
      the rat limbic system. They suggest caution in assuming close parallels between
      current biochemical and functional, especially behavioral, methods of evaluating
      dopamine receptors of mammalian brain.

PMID- 4033351
TI  - Changes in LH and prolactin levels in diabetic male rats and the role of the
      opiate system in the control of their secretion.
AB  - Diabetic male rat has low serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      testosterone (T), which are accompanied by atrophy of the testes and accessory
      glands. The present study investigated changes in the serum levels of LH,
      prolactin (PRL) and glucose, following diabetes induction by streptozotocin. In
      addition, involvement of the opiate system in the control of LH and PRL secretion
      was evaluated. There was no difference in PRL levels between diabetic and control
      animals, except at 8 hours after streptozotocin injection. In contrast, the
      diabetic animals had consistently lower levels of LH, starting on the second day
      of diabetes. Blockade of the opiate system by naltrexone caused a sharp increase
      of LH levels in normoglycemic rats, while only a gradual decrease was observed in
      hyperglycemic animals. PRL secretion was inhibited by naltrexone, both in
      diabetic and control groups. It is concluded that, unlike normoglycemic rats,
      inhibition of LH secretion in diabetes is not under the control of the opiate
      system, probably as a result of T deficiency. In contrast, PRL secretion in
      diabetic rats, as in the control group, is under the influence of endogenous
      opiates.

PMID- 4033352
TI  - Effect of neonatal thiamine and vitamin A deficiency on rat brain gangliosides.
AB  - Effects of neonatal thiamine deficiency and vitamin A deficiency on total and
      fractions of gangliosides (GT1, GD1a, GD1b and GM1) were studied in Charles
      Foster rat brain at 21 days of age. GT1, GD1b+GD1a and GM1 are being presented
      here as poly-, di- and mono-sialo gangliosides. Thiamine and vitamin A
      deficiencies were induced by feeding mothers essentially thiamine and vitamin A
      free diets respectively. A normal control (G+L+) and weight matched
      undernourished groups (G+L- for thiamine and LL for vitamin A experiments) were
      used for comparison. At 21 days, the concentration of total gangliosides in
      thiamine deficient and G+L- rat brains were 49.0% and 45.7%; in vitamin A
      deficient and LL group were 66.6% and 88.0% of the G+L+ group, respectively. The
      percent contribution of poly-, di- and mono-sialo gangliosides in G+L+/thiamine
      deficient/G+L- were; 17.2/46.8/73.5, 54.4/51.7/14.2, and 6.6/8.7/5.8,
      respectively. The percent contribution of poly-, di- and mono-sialo gangliosides
      in G+L+/vitamin A deficient/LL were; 19.3/39.9/43.7, 57.0/37.6/35.1, and
      8.4/11.6/19.7 respectively. The changes observed in these experiments suggest an
      underlying possibility of metabolic defect in undernourished animals.

PMID- 4033353
TI  - Tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia in mice: magnetic fields function as
      environmental specific cues and reduce tolerance development.
AB  - Mice receiving daily injection of morphine (10 mg/kg) developed tolerance to
      morphine-induced analgesia, such that after 5-7 days of treatment their thermal
      response (paw licking) latencies in the hot plate test were indistinguishable
      from those of control animals. Exposure to a rotating magnetic field for thirty
      minutes before the daily morphine administrations significantly reduced the
      development of tolerance. These magnetic exposures also significantly increased
      over 7-10 days the basal nociceptive thresholds and paw licking response
      latencies of saline treated mice. Control and sham exposed mice that were fully
      tolerant to the analgesic effects of morphine failed to show any tolerance to
      morphine-induced analgesia when exposed to the magnetic stimuli prior to
      injection. Likewise, the partial tolerance to morphine shown by mice exposed to
      the rotating magnetic field pre-injection environmental cues was eliminated when
      control or sham pre-injection cues lacking the magnetic stimuli were provided. In
      all cases tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia was evident in the subsequent
      re-test with the original cues. These results indicate that magnetic field
      exposure can reduce the development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of
      morphine. They also show that magnetic stimuli function as significant
      environmental cues for the development of tolerance to morphine-induced
      analgesia. This suggests that magnetic stimuli affect both the associative
      (classical conditioning) and non-associative (physiological, pharmacological)
      mechanisms involved in the development of opiate tolerance.

PMID- 4033354
TI  - Ethanol, the choline requirement, methylation and liver injury.
AB  - The findings obtained in this laboratory and others over the past decade are
      discussed in order to formulate a thesis, indicating the adverse action of
      ethanol on a vital methylation process in the liver. Evidence is shown that the
      rat may have a means of compensating for this impairment in methylation whereas
      humans do not have this same ability to protect against this action of ethanol.
      These considerations may offer a basis of why rats are apparently more resistant
      to alcoholic liver injury than humans.

PMID- 4033355
TI  - Relationship between reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition and efficacy
      against soman lethality.
AB  - Carbamate pretreatment (45% inhibition, reversible), combined with therapy,
      protected rats from soman-induced lethality [The Pharmacologist 23, 224 (1981)].
      The present study was done to see if less than 45% inhibition protects and to see
      if reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and efficacy against soman
      lethality are correlated. At 30 min pre-soman, guinea pigs and rats received (im)
      either pyridostigmine (Py) or physostigmine (Ph) to inhibit whole blood AChE from
      10 to 70%; at 1 min post-soman (sc), they received (im) atropine (16 mg/kg)/2
      PAMCl (50 mg/kg) and mecamylamine (0.8 mg/kg)/atropine (16 mg/kg), respectively.
      Protective ratios (PRs) were computed and they ranged from 3.1 to 7.7 for guinea
      pigs and from 1.8 to 2.4 for rats. In guinea pigs the PRs for Py + therapy were
      roughly similar to those of Ph + therapy. In both species at 30 min after im
      injection of Py and Ph, a linear relationship was found between percentage of
      whole blood AChE inhibition and ln dosage of carbamate. Positive correlation (p
      less than 0.05) was found between the degree of reversible AChE inhibition by
      pretreatment, coupled with therapy, and efficacy against soman lethality. The
      present data indicate that inhibition levels as low as 10% may provide some
      protection.

PMID- 4033356
TI  - Effects of tranylcypromine treatment on neuroendocrine, behavioral, and autonomic
      responses to tryptophan in depressed patients.
AB  - Effects of intravenous administration of the serotonin precursor tryptophan (TRP)
      on serum prolactin, neuromotor function, subjective mood, and blood pressure and
      pulse were determined in nine depressed patients before and during placebo
      controlled treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) tranylcypromine.
      Tranylcypromine significantly increased the prolactin response to TRP. Four
      patients developed a distinctive neuromotor syndrome following TRP during
      tranylcypromine, but not placebo, treatment. Symptoms included hyperreflexia,
      ankle clonus, nystagmus, incoordination, tremor, myoclonic jerks, and nausea.
      There were no differences in peak prolactin, mood, or autonomic responses between
      patients with and without the syndrome, but those with the syndrome had received
      active tranylcypromine for a significantly shorter duration. Tranylcypromine had
      little effect on TRP-induced changes in mood or autonomic function, except for a
      modest enhancement of the TRP-induced rise in diastolic blood pressure. These
      results suggest that tranylcypromine treatment may enhance serotonin function in
      depression.

PMID- 4033357
TI  - Narcotic antagonist-induced hypotension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - Intravenous naloxone or naltrexone produced transient, dose-related reductions in
      the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of urethane-anesthetized
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Yet these same doses of narcotic
      antagonists reduced HR but not MAP of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs). Such
      effects were not observed upon administration to SHRs of increasing doses of
      methylnaltrexone, which possesses no central activity. (+)-Naloxone, which does
      not block opiate receptors, reduced HR but not MAP of both SHRs and WKYs. These
      findings indicate that SHRs and WKYs differ in their MAP and HR responses to
      narcotic antagonists. The high doses required for effect plus the brevity of the
      responses suggest that these drug effects are perhaps not mu-opiate receptor
      mediated; however, the methylnaltrexone and (+)-naloxone findings clearly
      implicate a central specificity of action. We conclude that narcotic antagonist
      induced changes in MAP and HR in SHRs are possibly specific and central in origin
      yet not mediated by mu-opiate receptors.

PMID- 4033358
TI  - Rubidium and sodium transport across erythrocyte membrane: alterations due to a
      circulating factor.
AB  - Essential hypertension patients can be divided into two groups on the basis of
      the presence or absence of a plasma factor able to inhibit rubidium uptake and
      sodium extrusion by the red blood cells. Nearly fifty percent of the patients
      studied present this factor. Preliminary results show that it is dialyzable, has
      a molecular weight around 500 daltons and cannot be extracted by chloroform.

PMID- 4033359
TI  - Differences between the tolerance characteristics of two anticonvulsant
      benzodiazepines.
AB  - Clobazam (10 mg/kg) and clonazepam (0.25 mg/kg) were administered to mice twice
      daily by the intraperitoneal route. The development of tolerance to their
      anticonvulsant effect was compared using a slow intravenous infusion of
      pentylenetetrazole as the convulsant stimulus. Tolerance to clonazepam developed
      gradually throughout a 72 h study and did not become significant until the fifth
      dose. In contrast, tolerance to clobazam occurred extremely rapidly, after only
      one dose; it was manifested as a single step and no further significant change in
      protection was observed. Recovery from benzodiazepine tolerance was also studied
      and seen to occur rapidly with both these compounds; following cessation of
      dosing, protection was restored to initial levels within 36-48 h.

PMID- 4033360
TI  - Decrease in alkaline triglyceride lipase in primary cultured hepatocytes from
      mice with sarcoma 180.
AB  - Primary cultured hepatocytes from normal mice and mice with Sarcoma 180 were
      characterized. The viability of freshly isolated hepatocytes from both sources
      was over 90% and the cells had a relatively stable population of DNA for a
      minimum of three days. After incubation with (3H)leucine, the syntheses and
      secretions of (3H)labeled trichloracetic acid-insoluble materials by hepatocytes
      from both normal and tumor-bearing mice increased similarly. However, the
      alkaline triglyceride lipase activity of a homogenate of freshly isolated
      hepatocytes from tumor-bearing mice was one-third that of cells from normal mice.
      The activity of hepatocytes from tumor-bearing mice increased less during culture
      than did the activity of cells isolated from normal mice.

PMID- 4033361
TI  - Uptake of secondary autoxidation products of linoleic acid by the rat.
AB  - Incorporation of secondary autoxidation products (SP) of linoleic acid into the
      rat body was investigated. Radioactive SP was administered orally to a group of 5
      rats, and excretions of radioactive substances in feces, urine and respiration
      were measured and compared with excretions from rats fed linoleic acid and its
      hydroperoxides. The SP-fed group excreted 45% and the other groups about 10% of
      the administered radioactivity through feces. Urinary excretion accounted for 52%
      of activity ingested in the SP group and less than 30% in the other groups. The
      14CO2 produced in each group was about 25% of the ingested activity.
      Incorporation of the radioactive substances of SP into tissues and organs was
      measured periodically after administration of a single dose. The radioactive
      substances accumulated in the liver between 12-24 hr after administration and
      accounted for 2.6% of the total amount given, the highest level of all tissues
      and organs. This accumulation led to an elevation of serum transaminase
      activities, an increase in hepatic lipid peroxide, as determined by
      thiobarbituric acid test, and a slight hypertrophy of liver (1.5-fold).
      Therefore, absorbed SP appeared to contribute to the deleterious condition of the
      liver.

PMID- 4033362
TI  - Effect of KCD-232, a new hypolipidemic agent, on serum lipoprotein changes in
      hepatoma-bearing rats.
AB  - Changes in serum lipoprotein profiles were characterized in Donryu rats
      subcutaneously implanted with an ascites hepatoma line of AH109A cells and the
      effect of a new hypolipidemic agent with a structure of 4-(4'
      chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl nicotinate (KCD-232) was estimated. With the growth of
      hepatoma for periods of up to three weeks, a striking decrease in the high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction and an enormous increase in the VLDL + LDL
      (very low density lipoprotein + low density lipoprotein) fraction were found in
      hepatoma-bearing rats when either precipitation method or electrophoresis was
      used. These lipoprotein profiles were not influenced by sex. Judging from the
      electrophoretogram, the increase in VLDL + LDL fraction was due mainly to an
      increase in VLDL fraction. The oral administration of KCD-232 significantly
      suppressed the hepatoma-induced increase in VLDL + LDL with little or no
      influence on the hepatoma-induced decrease in HDL. There existed a positive
      correlation between the hepatoma weight and (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol
      concentration and a negative one between hepatoma and HDL-cholesterol.

PMID- 4033363
TI  - Effect of brominated vegetable oils on heart lipid metabolism.
AB  - Normal rats fed for 105 days on an experimental diet made up of standard
      laboratory chow supplemented with 0.5% of a mixture of brominated sunflower-olive
      oil (BVO) developed a significant increase in the triacylglycerol content of the
      heart, liver and soleus muscle compared to controls. In addition, BVO-treated
      rats had a decrease in plasma levels of triacylglycerol and total and HDL
      cholesterol. Plasma fatty acid levels and plasma post-heparin lipolytic
      activities, such as H-TGL, LPL, T-TGL and MGH were similar to those of control
      animals fed the standard chow alone. Heart PDHa (active portion of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase) was dramatically decreased in the BVO-fed rats. A faster rate of
      spontaneous lipolysis was recorded in the isolated perfused preparation of hearts
      from the experimental animals. The addition of 10(-7) M of glucagon to the
      perfusate, however, revealed a lipolytic effect comparable to the one observed in
      the control rats. In summary, our findings of normal fatty acids and low
      triacylglycerol plasma levels associated with normal activities of the various
      PHLA (post-heparin lipolytic activity) enzymes suggest that accumulation of
      triacylglycerol in heart muscle may not be explained essentially in terms of an
      elevated uptake and/or increased delivery of plasma fatty acids or plasma
      triacylglycerol. A decreased in situ catabolism of tissue triacylglycerol also
      appears unlikely because the spontaneous as well as the glucagon induced
      lipolysis in the heart both were found to be unimpaired.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4033364
TI  - Fatty acids of sphingomyelin from amniotic fluid of normal and diabetic
      pregnancies.
AB  - Amniotic fluid collected from 14 normal and 11 diabetic patients was analyzed for
      phospholipids, and separated sphingomyelin and lecithin fractions were further
      studied for their acid composition by gas liquid chromatography. Notable
      differences in percent fatty acid composition of sphingomyelin were observed for
      palmitic (16:0; diabetic less than normal), oleic (18:1; diabetic greater than
      normal), behenic (22:0; diabetic less than normal) and arachidic acid (20:0;
      absent in diabetics) in the specimens studied. Notable differences were not
      observed in fatty acids from lecithin fraction. Fatty acid composition of
      sphingomyelin from amniotic fluid is similar to fatty acid distribution in
      sphingomyelin from serum and erythrocyte and suggests maternal origin of the
      lipid.

PMID- 4033365
TI  - The di- and triesters of the lipids of steer and human meibomian glands.
AB  - Three groups of diesters have been isolated and identified in the lipids of steer
      meibomian glands. The first group, designated as alpha Type I, with the
      abbreviated formula FA-alpha OHFA-FAlc, consisted of alpha-hydroxy fatty acids
      esterified to fatty acids and fatty alcohols in the approximate molar ratio
      1:1:1. The second group, designated as omega Type I-St, with the abbreviated
      formula FA-omega OHFA-St, consisted of omega-hydroxy fatty acids esterified to
      fatty acids and sterols in the approximate molar ratio 1:1:1. The third group,
      designated as alpha, omega Type II, with the abbreviated formula FA-alpha, omega
      diol-FA, consisted of alpha, omega-diols esterified to 2 moles of fatty acids.
      The sum of the different diesters comprised about 9% of total steer meibomian
      lipids. Capillary GLC of the fatty acids of alpha Type I diesters showed the
      fatty acids to be a family with a two-cluster profile, one at C12 to C20 and the
      other at C21 to C31, with anteiso chains predominating. Fatty acids from omega
      Type I-St and alpha, omega Type II diesters gave mainly a one-cluster profile in
      the short chain region with prominent anteiso and C18:1 peaks. Fatty alcohols of
      alpha Type I diesters were mainly long chain, C23 to C30, with anteiso chains
      predominating, while the alpha-hydroxy fatty acids were short chain C13 to C18
      acids with C16 predominating. The sterols in diesters omega Type I-St were
      cholesterol (approximately 60%), delta 7 cholestenol (approximately 35%) and an
      unidentified compound (approximately 5%) with a GLC retention time slightly
      longer than delta 7 cholestenol on SE-30 phase. The omega-hydroxy fatty acids and
      alpha, omega-diols both were of exceedingly long chain lengths, C29-C38, and
      showed similar GLC profiles. Two types of triesters comprising approximately 1%
      of total steer meibomian lipids have been isolated but incompletely
      characterized. In terms of molar ratios, one group of triesters gave fatty
      acids:omega-hydroxy fatty acids:alpha-hydroxy fatty acids:sterols + fatty
      alcohols as approximately 1:1:1:1. The other contained fatty acids, alpha-hydroxy
      fatty acids and alpha, omega-diols in what appears to be a complex mixture of
      several triesters. Diesters omega Type I and alpha, omega Type II also were found
      in human meibum. Hitherto these two diesters have not been found in any animal
      tissue.

PMID- 4033366
TI  - Biosynthesis of lipids by bovine meibomian glands.
AB  - Isolated bovine meibomian glands incorporated exogenous [1-14C]acetate into
      lipids. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the lipids showed that wax esters
      and sterol esters contained 61% of the total label. Radio gas liquid
      chromatographic analysis of the acid and alcohol moieties of both ester fractions
      showed the label was distributed equally between the two portions of the ester in
      both cases. Cholesterol and 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol were the major labeled
      sterols, and anteiso-C25, anteiso-C27 and anteiso-C23 were the most highly
      labeled alcohols. The major labeled fatty acids in the wax esters were anteiso
      C15, n-C16, anteiso-C17 and n-C18:1, whereas anteiso-C25 and anteiso-C27 were the
      major labeled acids in the sterol esters. The diester region with 6% of the total
      label contained labeled fatty acids and fatty alcohols each with anteiso-C25 as
      the major component and omega-hydroxy acids in which n-C32:1 was the major
      labeled component. The triglyceride fraction which contained 8% of the total
      lipids was composed of labeled fatty acids similar to those found in both sterol
      and wax ester fractions. Chromatographic analyses of the labeled lipids derived
      from exogenous labeled isoleucine showed that anteiso-branched products were
      preferentially labeled. The labeled triglyceride fraction derived from [U-14C]
      isoleucine also contained esterified C15, C13, C11, C9, C7 and possibly shorter
      anteiso-branched acids.

PMID- 4033367
TI  - Red blood cell tocopherol and liver tocopherol in hyperlipemic rats as compared
      with plasma tocopherol.
AB  - In rats with hyperlipemia induced by Triton WR-1339, changes in tocopherol
      concentrations in plasma and RBC were compared with those in the liver and its
      subcellular fractions, microsomes and mitochondria. After daily injection with
      Triton, plasma total lipids at 3 days and 7 days, respectively, showed elevations
      6.5 times and 15 times as high as those in the control rats, and triglycerides
      showed the most predominant elevation. With the hyperlipemia, the concentrations
      of tocopherol in RBC and the subcellular fractions decreased, as plasma lipids
      and plasma tocopherol increased, while no change occurred in tocopherol
      concentrations in liver homogenates. The changes in the ratio of tocopherol to
      total lipids in plasma coincided with changes in tocopherol concentrations in the
      RBC and subcellular fractions.

PMID- 4033369
TI  - Symposium. Papers from the symposium on Analyses by Iatroscan TLC/FID System
      presented at the 75th AOCS annual meeting in Dallas, Texas, April 1984.

PMID- 4033368
TI  - Decreased phosphatidylcholine in the lung fluid of patients with sarcoidosis.
AB  - Surfactant decreases the immune response of lymphocytes. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is
      a disease characterized by an increased number and activity of lymphocytes in the
      lung. We measured the lipids and lymphocytes retrieved from the lung by
      bronchoalveolar lavage. Thirteen patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis had a
      significantly higher percentage of lymphocytes (18 +/- 21%, mean +/- standard
      error of the mean) than 10 control subjects (4 +/- 1.9%, p less than 0.01). Using
      an external marker, we found the absolute amount of disaturated
      phosphatidylcholine to be higher in the control group (174 +/- 17.4 micrograms/ml
      lung fluid) than in the sarcoid group (91 +/- 1.9 micrograms/ml of lung fluid, p
      less than 0.002).

PMID- 4033370
TI  - Determination of the phospholipid composition of trout gill by Iatroscan TLC/FID:
      effect of thermal acclimation.
AB  - The phospholipid composition of gill tissue from thermally acclimated rainbow
      trout, Salmo gairdneri, was determined by Iatroscan analysis following an initial
      development of the chromarods in a non-polar solvent to remove neutral lipids.
      Standard curves for all phospholipids, although linear through most of the
      concentration range tested (1-40 micrograms), extrapolated to negative intercepts
      on the ordinate, indicating a decline in sensitivity at low phospholipid levels.
      In addition, the concentration dependence of the Iatroscan response varied by
      nearly 6-fold among phospholipids. Of the major phospholipids, only
      lysophosphatidylcholine could not be quantitated accurately because of the
      presence of an interfering peak. Quantitation by Iatroscan yielded results which,
      in general, agreed well (within 5%) with results obtained by an independent
      phosphate analysis. Only in the case of phosphatidylinositol (PI) did the two
      analytical methods differ significantly; proportions of PI were 55% higher when
      determined by Iatroscan as opposed to phosphate analysis. Gill tissue from 5 C
      acclimated trout possessed higher proportions of phosphatidylethanolamine than
      tissue from 20 C-acclimated trout. The Iatroscan provided a rapid and reliable
      means of quantitating the proportions of all the major phospholipids of trout
      gill, although there are some limitations to the general applicability of the
      technique.

PMID- 4033372
TI  - Quantitating heart lipids: comparison of results obtained using the Iatroscan
      method with those from phosphorus and gas chromatographic techniques.
AB  - The precision and accuracy of the Iatroscan method was evaluated by comparing the
      results obtained with established phosphorus and gas chromatographic techniques.
      A complete lipid class analysis of rat heart lipids was chosen in order to
      evaluate the performance of the Iatroscan method for biological samples which
      contained both neutral lipids and phospholipids. A partial scan and repeat
      development with chloroform/methanol/water (68.5:29:2.5) was introduced to
      achieve consistently good separations of the phospholipids on the Chromarods in
      the Iatroscan method. The results showed that the precision of the Iatroscan
      method for some lipid classes was comparable to that of phosphorus or gas
      chromatographic techniques, while for other lipid classes it was lower. Compared
      to the data obtained using the phosphorus method, the Iatroscan data were
      generally similar, while the gas chromatographic method generally gave lower
      values. These findings, together with the advantages of time required for
      analysis, size of sample, and universality of detection, suggest that the
      Iatroscan is a valuable complementary method for complex lipid analyses.

PMID- 4033371
TI  - Comparison of the thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detection system
      with other methods for the quantitative analysis of liver lipid contents in
      alcohol-fed rats and controls.
AB  - In this study, we have examined the feasibility of using the Thin Layer
      Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detection (TLC/FID) system to evaluate the lipid
      content of alcohol-induced fatty liver by comparing the results with those from
      other methods. Various amounts of standards (tripalmitin, phosphatidylcholine and
      cholesterol) were spotted on Chromarods and scanned either with or without
      development in a solvent system. The detector responses were significantly
      greater when the spots were not developed. From the results with developed rods,
      conversion factors (amount/area) were calculated. These were used for the
      quantitative analysis of the liver lipids from rats fed a Lieber-DeCarli ethanol
      diet or a control diet for four weeks. The triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL),
      cholesterol (CH) and cholesterol ester (CE) contents (65.9, 25.4, 2.9 and 6.8
      mg/g, respectively) obtained by the TLC/FID system were similar to those observed
      by other methods (67.9, 27.6, 3.0 and 8.3 mg/g, respectively). The liver lipid
      content in control rats also was similar to that obtained by other methods (TG,
      19.0 vs 20.6; PL, 24.2 vs 21.8, CH, 2.1 vs 2.1 and CE, 1.8 vs 2.6 mg/g). Thus,
      the magnitude of changes in liver lipid levels due to chronic alcohol ingestion
      obtained by alternate methods also was found with TLC/FID. The TLC/FID system
      provides a convenient method for rapid analysis of the extent of fatty liver in
      alcohol-fed animals.

PMID- 4033374
TI  - Calculated T1 images derived from a partial saturation-inversion recovery pulse
      sequence with adiabatic fast passage.
AB  - Calculated T1 images of the head and abdomen have been obtained using an
      alternating partial saturation-inversion recovery pulse sequence. Timing
      parameters were adjusted to yield optimum T1 contrast-to-noise ratio for this
      sequence for the range of T1 studied. Adiabatic fast passage (AFP) was
      implemented for the nonselective inverting pulse, to reduce the sensitivity of
      the measurement to RF and static field inhomogeneity. A nonlinear frequency sweep
      was used to improve the efficiency of the AFP pulse. The effect on the T1
      calculation of slice selection during the pi/2 pulses was also determined and
      corrected for in the image reconstruction algorithm. The T1's determined by this
      method show a standard deviation of less than 10%, and good agreement with the
      literature.

PMID- 4033373
TI  - The use of the Iatroscan TH-10 analyzer to quantify total lipids in a variety of
      sample types and lipid classes in human gallbladder bile.
AB  - Two methods for the measurement of total lipid weight in biological and
      geological samples and the major lipid classes in human gallbladder bile using
      the Iatroscan TH-10 analyzer are described. Total lipid determination involves
      the application of small (5 microliter) volumes to Chromarods, focusing of the
      sample into one band by partial development in chloroform-methanol (1:1), and
      quantification by flame ionization detection (FID). The response variation
      between different sample types did not affect the linearity of response, allowing
      a reproducibility of +/- 10% of the mean or better for samples ranging from 0.5
      to 32 micrograms. Total lipid determinations in 10 samples could be performed in
      30 min. The three major components of human gallbladder bile (cholesterol,
      phospholipids and bile acids) also were quantified with the Iatroscan. Samples
      focused on Chromarods were separated using a double development scheme in two
      solvent systems. All three components exhibited a linear response over the range
      of 0.25 to 8 micrograms. The repeated scanning of rods required at concentrations
      greater than 3 micrograms did not affect linearity of response. Samples from 10
      patients could be processed in less than one hr. Several techniques are discussed
      to increase reproducibility when performing quantitative lipid analysis with the
      Iatroscan.

PMID- 4033375
TI  - Observations of energy metabolism in neuroectodermal tumors using in vivo 31P
      NMR.
AB  - The energy metabolism of living tumors in rats and hamsters were investigated by
      obtaining in vivo 31P-NMR spectra, and the effects of chemotherapy on tumors were
      evaluated by observing the changes of these spectra. Tumor cells of rat glioma,
      human glioblastoma and human neuroblastoma were inoculated subcutaneously in the
      lumbar region of the animals. After the tumor grew to over 1.5 cm in diameter, in
      vivo 31P-NMR spectrum data was obtained selectively from the tumor with a TMR-32
      spectrometer (Oxford Research Systems, U.K.). Several peaks (ATP, inorganic
      phosphate (Pi), phosphodiesters and phosphomonoesters (PME) were observed in the
      tumors. The heights of these peaks varied widely corresponding to the tumor
      growth. However, the spectrum pattern of each tumor in an active stage was found
      to be essentially the same regardless of histological type or tumor origin. The
      phosphocreatine (PCr) peak was small, ATP and PME peaks were large and tissue pH
      calculated from the chemical shift of Pi was low in each tumor group. After
      intravenous injection of a large dose of a chemotherapeutic agent, ATP peaks
      decreased and the Pi peak increased gradually, resulting in a dominant Pi peak
      pattern after several hours in all groups. With lower drug doses, spectrum
      changes were temporarily seen in the tumors. These findings indicated that drugs
      with a high dose have a selective and a direct action on the energy metabolism of
      tumor tissues. In vivo 31P-NMR spectra measurement is very valuable not only to
      investigate the energy metabolism in tumor tissue but also to evaluate the
      effects of chemotherapy on the tumor.

PMID- 4033376
TI  - A study of the freezing of water in human uterine muscle by proton magnetic
      resonance.
AB  - Human uterine muscle and its nuclear fractions have been studied by means of
      nuclear magnetic resonance at temperatures from 300 degrees K to 143 degrees K.
      Different proton populations have been detected above and below the freezing
      point. On this basis it is suggested that the freezing of water in uterine muscle
      starts at the cell nuclei.

PMID- 4033377
TI  - Improvements in the clinical utility of calculated T2 images of the human brain.
AB  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) affords a considerable improvement in image
      contrast over other methods by virtue of the intrinsic NMR parameters spin
      density, T1, and T2. However, the clinical utility of routine quantification of
      these parameters is currently unknown. Calculated T2 images might afford
      additional disease specific information provided the calculation algorithm
      generates accurate T2 values. In this study, calculated T2 images of a MnCl2
      phantom (spanning a T2 range of interest of 45.7 ms to 346.6 ms at 6 MHz) were
      generated utilizing a variety of calculation algorithms based upon a data set of
      32 sequential spin-echo (SE) images. In general, when utilizing only the earliest
      sequential SE after the 90 degree pulse for the T2 calculation, the greater the
      number of SE used in the calculation algorithm, regardless of how they were
      averaged, the more accurate and less noisy was the calculated image. When only
      limited numbers of SE were used in the calculation algorithm, accuracy and noise
      varied with the choice of TE suggesting that there may be optimal timings for TE
      for a particular T2 range of interest. Forty-two calculated T2 head images of
      normal subjects, based upon data sets of 16 sequential SE, were evaluated for the
      T2 values of normal brain. These were compared to T2 images calculated via 7
      different algorithms based upon 16 SE data sets from two patients with CNS
      pathology. An optimal algorithm was identified in which 16 SE Carr-Purcell
      Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) were averaged into two images for the T2 calculation. With
      this algorithm, calculated images could be generated efficiently which were
      accurate and relatively noise free. The availability of such images maximized
      whatever disease specificity, and thus clinical utility, T2 information affords.

PMID- 4033378
TI  - Magnetic resonance of brain tumors: considerations of imaging contrast on the
      basis of relaxation measurements.
AB  - Proton spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times have been measured in
      surgically-removed normal CNS tissues and a variety of tumors of the brain. All
      measurements were made at 20 MHz and 37 degrees C. Between grey and white matter
      from autopsy human or canine specimens significant differences in T1 or T2 were
      observed, with greater differences seen in T1. Such discrimination was reduced in
      samples obtained from live brain-tumor patients due to lengthening in T1 and T2
      of white matter near tumorous lesions. Edematous white matter showed T1 and T2
      values higher than those of autopsy disease-free white matter. Compared to normal
      CNS tissues, most brain tumors examined in this study demonstrated elevated T1
      and T2 values. Exceptions, however, did exist. No definitive correlation was
      indicated on a T1 or T2 basis which allowed a distinction to be made between
      benign and malignant states. Furthermore, considerable variation in relaxation
      times occurred from tumor to tumor of the same type, suggesting that within a
      tumor type there are important differences in physiology, biology, and/or
      pathologic state. Such variation caused partial overlap in relaxation times among
      certain tumor types and hence may limit the capability of magnetic resonance
      imaging (MR) alone for the diagnosis of specific disease. Nonetheless, this study
      predicts that on the basis of T1 or T2 differences most brain tumors are readily
      detectable by MR via saturation recovery or inversion recovery with appropriate
      selections of pulse-spacing parameters. In general, tumors can be discriminated
      against white matter better than grey matter and contrast between glioma and grey
      matter is usually superior to that between meningioma and grey matter. This work
      did not consider tissue-associated proton density which should be addressed
      together with T1 and T2 for a complete treatment of MR contrast.

PMID- 4033379
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary infarction and oedema in excised
      cadaver lungs.

PMID- 4033380
TI  - A method for imaging of chemical shift or magnetic field distributions.
AB  - A phase encoding method for imaging of chemical shift or magnetic field
      distributions is described. The method utilizes the spin-echo principle and the
      time period between signal collection and excitation is constant but the time
      period between excitation and the 180 degrees pulse is varied by constant steps.
      The method is relatively easy to apply with the Fourier or projection
      reconstruction methods.

PMID- 4033381
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the third annual meeting, Society for Magnetic
      Resonance Imaging. March 22-26, 1985, San Diego, California.

PMID- 4033382
TI  - [Teleradiotherapy of laryngeal cancer using a gas hypoxic mixture (GHM-10)].
AB  - A total of 96 laryngeal cancer patients were studied. A comparative analysis of
      short-term therapeutic results was performed in 2 similar groups: patients
      receiving radiotherapy without GHM-10 (50) and those receiving radiotherapy with
      the use of GHM-10 containing 10% of oxygen and 90% of nitrogen (46). Irradiation
      methods and general tactics of the patients management in both groups were
      identical. No differences in the short-term results were noted. Radiation
      reactions of the healthy tissues were less pronounced and noted less frequently
      in the patients on radiotherapy with the use of GHM-10.

PMID- 4033383
TI  - [Radiation and chemoradiation therapy of malignant laryngopharyngeal tumors].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the results of open field gamma-beam therapy using
      grid filters. A group of patients with Stage III-IV tumors received
      chemoradiotherapy. A single focal radiotherapeutic dose varied from 1.6 to 2.5
      Gy, a summary dose from 55 to 70 Gy depending on tumor stage and histological
      structure. A chemotherapeutic drug was prescribed within the limits of 1/2-2/3 of
      a standard dose. Intensive substitution and blood-stimulating therapy was
      provided. With the use of different radiotherapeutic and chemoradiotherapeutic
      methods the 3- and 5-year survival rates were 19.8% and 14.3%, respectively.

PMID- 4033384
TI  - [Radiation therapy with local UHF hyperthermia in the late stages of laryngeal
      cancer].
AB  - Altogether 47 patients with advanced laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal tumors were
      treated. Twenty-six patients received multimodality therapy including local UHF
      hyperthermia and gamma-beam therapy; 21 patients receiving radiotherapy only were
      entered in the control group. Hyperthermia was induced by the electromagnetic
      field with the frequency of 2450 and 915 MHz. Parus and Plot units were used.
      External irradiation was provided. Clinically, complete primary tumor regression
      was achieved in 20 of 26 patients. A positive effect was absent in 3 cases when
      metastasis size was 10 X 12 X 8 cm. In the control group, clinically complete
      tumor regression was noted in 2 patients only. In 4 cases the effect was
      insignificant, in the rest of 15 cases various degrees of a decrease in tumor and
      metastasis sizes were revealed.

PMID- 4033386
TI  - [Use of nicotinic acid and midocalm for correcting blood coagulation in patients
      with radiation edema of the extremities].
AB  - A study was made of the functional activity of platelets, plasmatic coagulation
      and fibrinolysis in patients with late radiation disorders of the blood and lymph
      flow during treatment with vasodilative drugs: nicotinic acid and midocalm. These
      drugs tend to decrease the functional activity of platelets and to raise the
      blood fibrinolytic activity. Their use is indicated to this group of patients to
      better their intravascular status.

PMID- 4033385
TI  - [Effectiveness of the radiation therapy of lung cancer with conventional and
      median dosage fractionation].
AB  - A total of 202 patients were studied: 100 patients received radiotherapy of a
      primary tumor under conditions of mean fractionation and 102 under conditions of
      common fractionation. In common fractionation a single focal dose was 2 Gy, 5
      times a week, a summary dose 50-60 Gy. In mean fractionation a single focal dose
      was 3 Gy, 3 times a week for 6 week up to a sum of 54 Gy which was equivalent to
      60 Gy in common fractionation. In mean fraction 58 patients received radiotherapy
      only, 42 radiotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy. In common fractionation the
      patients' 1,3 and 5-year survival rates for the control group were 52.8, 14.4 and
      10.2% respectively. Under conditions of mean fractionation the 3-year survival
      rate was 14.2%, i. e. similar to that in the control group. In chemoradiotherapy
      the 3-year survival rate was 12.4% that might be due to the fact that in spite of
      Stage III these patients' condition was grave. Pulmonary radiation reaction
      established by x-ray within 4-6 mos. after the termination of therapy with mean
      fractionation were marked in 63 of 81 patients, whereas in common fractionation
      in 30 of 90 patients only.

PMID- 4033387
TI  - [Contraindications for large-fraction irradiation in malignant glial tumors].

PMID- 4033388
TI  - [Basis for the use of enclosed 125I sources for interstitial radiation therapy].
AB  - Experimental models of closed sources of 125I low energy photon radiation in the
      titanium capsules sealed by means of pulsed laser welding were designed. Doses in
      the tissue equivalent medium from a single 125I point source were calculated
      using ES-1022 computer, tables for calculating dose fields in different layouts
      of sources were drawn, and layout parameters in preset doses calculated. Using
      the 125I source in interstitial irradiation of murine breast tumors one managed
      to establish the local nature of tissues corresponding to the calculated dose
      distribution for photon radiation with the energy of 27-35 keV.

PMID- 4033389
TI  - [Prognosis of the postoperative external respiratory function based on
      radionuclide research data].
AB  - A unified indicator was worked out to have an opportunity before pulmonary
      operation to predict external respiration function in patients in the
      postoperative period. The value of partial oxygen pressure in the arterialized
      blood was proposed as such an indicator. The model made it possible to associate
      external respiration function with sizes of the involved area and the area of
      future operation. The main allowance of the model was an assumption of the
      contribution of any segment to the general process of blood oxygenation.
      Altogether 11 lung cancer patients were examined. Functional examination of the
      lungs with 133Xe was performed before a supposed operation. The authors showed a
      close quantitative and qualitative interrelationship between predicted indicators
      of partial oxygen pressure in the arterialized blood and corresponding values
      determined by the methods of blood oxygen measurement in the postoperative
      period.

PMID- 4033390
TI  - [Radionuclide study of the joints in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4033391
TI  - [Patient radiation loads during retrograde cholangiopancreatography].

PMID- 4033392
TI  - [Optimization of the operating modes for short-focus x-ray therapy].
AB  - Basing on experimentally measured energetic radiation spectra of the RUM-7 x-ray
      unit, absorbed dose distributions in the homogeneous tissue equivalent medium
      were calculated. An approach to the optimization of the x-ray procedure on the
      basis of the incident radiation spectrum was proposed. Integral absorbed doses in
      a pathological focus and in the healthy tissues are used as benefit-damage
      indicators.

PMID- 4033394
TI  - [Classification of systems for recording dosage fields].

PMID- 4033393
TI  - [Combined (radiation and surgical) treatment of laryngeal cancer patients using
      metronidazole].
AB  - The results of combined treatment of 98 laryngeal cancer patients followed up for
      1.5-3 years were analysed. Of them 68 received a preoperative radiotherapy course
      combined with the electron acceptor compound metronidazole. The drug was given in
      the form of a sugar syrup suspension at a dose of 100-150 mg/kg bw 2.5-3 hours
      before each of the 4 fractions of irradiation, at 5 Gy twice a week reaching a
      summary focal dose of 20 Gy. Thirty patients received radiation therapy without
      metronidazole. Altogether 4 preoperative radiotherapy methods were used. An
      analysis of the results showed a significant improvement of the cure rates for
      laryngeal cancer patients using metronidazole, particularly for those with
      advanced stages. A better healing of postoperative wounds was noted. The author
      proved the appropriateness of preoperative irradiation by mean fractions up to a
      summary focal dose of 20 Gy combined with metronidazole and subsequent (on the
      last or next day of irradiation) radical operation.

PMID- 4033395
TI  - [Surgical treatment of a severe postradiation complication].

PMID- 4033396
TI  - Cross-sectional thigh components: computerized tomographic assessment.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the Picker Synerview
      Fourth Generation CT Scanner in assessing cross-sectional areas of muscle, bone,
      and subcutaneous fat of the thigh. A secondary purpose was to resolve individual
      muscle bellies using the CT scanner and to determine the effects of body
      composition in isolating those muscles. Both limbs of one cadaver were used to
      compare actual cross-sectional areas with the CT images. Each limb was dissected
      and photographed. Accuracy of repeated measurements was assessed using human
      volunteers. Absolute and percent error between the CT measurements and the
      measurements of the cross-sectional areas differed most at the bone. No
      differences were found between repeat scans. CT images and photographic
      measurements of individual muscles were generally quite similar, as assessed by
      absolute and percent error. The gracilis and sartorious were reasonably well
      defined in those individuals with more than 8% body fat. The results are
      discussed in terms of possible applications of the CT scanner in sports medicine
      research.

PMID- 4033397
TI  - The instantaneous torque-angular velocity relation in plantar flexion during
      jumping.
AB  - Torques, angular velocities, and power of the ankle joint during plantar flexion
      were measured in jumping experiments in order to achieve insight into shape and
      magnitude of the instantaneous torque-angular velocity relation in a complex
      movement. Twelve trained subjects performed maximal vertical jumps from a semi
      squatting position with 100 degrees of flexion in the knee joint. Ground reaction
      force measurements and film analyses were used to calculate instantaneous
      torques, angular velocities, and power outputs during plantar flexion. The shape
      of the instantaneous torque-angular velocity was different from the well-known
      hyperbolic force-velocity relation for isolated muscles. Maximal power output
      (2499 +/- 751 [SD] W) occurred at 60% of the mean maximal torque (301 +/- 62 N X
      m) and 80% of the mean maximal angular velocity (970 degrees/s). The maximal
      power output was six times larger than the power output reported in the
      literature for maximal isokinetic (monoarticular) plantar flexions. Influences
      like storage of energy in the series elastic component of Hill's muscle model and
      the role of polyarticular muscles in transporting energy from knee to ankle are
      discussed. It is concluded that many more selective studies will be necessary
      before it is possible to relate intrinsic muscle properties to the performance of
      muscles in poly-articular complex movements.

PMID- 4033398
TI  - Mechanical and physiological responses to lower extremity loading during running.
AB  - Fifteen highly trained men performed treadmill running at 12 km X h-1 to
      determine the effect of lower extremity loading on measures for seven temporal
      and kinematic descriptors of the running cycle, the mechanical work done on the
      lower extremity, oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate. Five load conditions
      (no added load and loads of 0.50 kg and 1.00 kg added to either the thighs or
      feet) were examined. The results demonstrated that VO2 and heart rate increased
      as load was increased on both the thighs and feet. All changes were statistically
      significant except for the heart rate changes due to thigh loading. The increases
      in VO2 due to foot loading--approximately 7.2% per kg of load--were nearly twice
      as great as those due to thigh loading. The results also demonstrated that 1.00
      kg added to the feet produced small but significant increases in stride length
      (1.4 cm), swing time (9 ms), and flight time (6 ms) and a decrease in peak ankle
      velocity (0.23 m X s-1). No other load condition resulted in significant changes
      in any of the temporal and kinematic variables. The results for mechanical work
      demonstrated that significant increases in the work done on the leg were produced
      by the loading but that these increases were limited to the loaded segments.
      Consistent with the data for oxygen consumption and heart rate, mechanical work
      was increased to a greater extent by foot loading than by thigh loading. It was
      concluded from these results that the increased physiological demand was directly
      related to the mechanical work increases, which in turn were attributed to the
      increased inertia of the loaded segments rather than modifications in the
      kinematics of the lower extremity movements.

PMID- 4033399
TI  - Effect of attempted lifting speed on forces and torque exerted on the lumbar
      spine.
AB  - Factors affecting compressive and shear forces and torque at the L5/S1 vertebral
      joint were examined for nine different load/lifting-speed combinations during
      performances of a dynamic lifting task by 10 subjects. Loads were 40, 60, and 80%
      of each subject's maximum lifting capability. Target lifting times were 1.5, 3.5,
      and 7 s. A rigid link model of the human body was used to derive estimates of
      axial force, shear force, and torque acting at the L5/S1 vertebral joint from
      high-speed film data. Variables examined empirically were myoelectric activity at
      the fifth lumbar level of sacrospinalis and intra-abdominal pressure. The
      respective effects of load and attempted lifting time were assessed through two
      factor ANOVA's and subsequent Scheffe tests. Heavier loads were found to result
      in significantly higher (P less than .001) values of mean compressive force, mean
      shear force, and maximum myoelectric activity. Faster target lifting times
      resulted in significantly higher mean and maximum values of all the variables
      quantified except intra-abdominal pressure.

PMID- 4033400
TI  - Parasympathetic control of resting heart rate: relationship to aerobic power.
AB  - The degree of parasympathetic control of resting heart rate (PC) was assessed by
      measurement of variation in heart period (VHP) during cardiopulmonary
      synchronization of respiration. Respiratory period was arbitrarily preset and
      standardized at 7 heart beats (3 beats inspiration, 4 beats expiration). The
      mathematical and experimental evidence for this technique is elucidated. Twenty
      one healthy subjects were examined for the relationship of aerobic power (VO2max)
      to (1) VHP and (2) respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) waveform amplitude and
      phase. Intraindividual variability in VHP was low (test-retest r = 0.97-0.98).
      VHP in msec was a logarithmic function of VO2max (ml X kg FFW-1 X min-1)
      according to the equation: 1n VHP = 0.27 + 0.082 X VO2max where r = 0.92, P less
      than 0.001). VHP was more closely related to VO2max than was resting HR (r = 
      0.75). In addition, a higher VO2max was associated with a leftward shift of the
      HR: respiratory cycle sinusoidal curve. These results illustrate the close
      relationship between aerobic power and vagal tone in control of resting heart
      rate. Individuals with a higher aerobic power maintain lower resting heart rates
      mainly via an increase in parasympathetic tone (as opposed to a decreased
      sympathetic tone). Previous correlations between RSA characteristics and age may
      be accounted for by age-related decreases in VO2max.

PMID- 4033401
TI  - Influence of diuretic-induced dehydration on competitive running performance.
AB  - A diuretic drug (40 mg of furosemide) was utilized to study the effects of
      dehydration (D) on competitive running performance, without prior thermal or
      exercise stress. Eight men competed in randomized races of 1,500, 5,000, and
      10,000 m, while normally hydrated (H) and with mean plasma volume reductions of
      9.9, 12.3, and 9.9%, respectively. As a result of the reduced body water (change
      in body weight = -1.9, -1.6, and -2.1%), mean outdoor performance times on a
      running track increased 0.16 min, 1.31 min (P less than 0.05), and 2.62 min (P
      less than 0.05) in the 1,500-m, 5,000-m, and 10,000-m trials. Running performance
      decrements due to dehydration were more strongly correlated with changes in body
      weight (r = -0.79, -0.65, and -0.40) than with urine volume or plasma volume
      differences. In addition, subjects were studied during submaximal and maximal
      treadmill exercise while H and D (mean change in plasma volume = -7.1%). Neither
      submaximal nor maximal oxygen uptake was significantly altered (P greater than
      0.05) as a consequence of D. Mean treadmill run time to volitional exhaustion was
      reduced by 41.4 s (P less than 0.05) during the D treadmill trial. Therefore, it
      appears that competitive performance in trials of long duration (5,000 and 10,000
      m) was affected to a greater extent by D than the shorter 1,500-m event, even
      though submaximal and maximal oxygen uptake was not altered.

PMID- 4033402
TI  - Androgens reduce HDL2-cholesterol and increase hepatic triglyceride lipase
      activity.
AB  - We quantified serum lipids and postheparin plasma lipolytic activities in 5
      weightlifters presently self-administering androgenic steroids (users) and an
      equal number not currently using these drugs (non-users). Mean (+/- SD) age (23
      +/- 2 vs 25 +/- 4 yr), body weight (102.7 +/- 11.4 vs 86.8 +/- 13.6 kg), and
      percent body fat (8.6 +/- 2.5 vs 7.8 +/- 6.0%) were not different in users and
      non-users, respectively. Similarly, there were no differences in total
      cholesterol (183 +/- 27 vs 176 +/- 32 mg.dl-1) low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (138 +/- 25 vs 108 +/- 32 mg.dl-1), or triglyceride (93 +/- 26 vs 93
      +/- 41 mg.dl-1) levels in the two groups. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol concentrations, however, were significantly lower in the users (26 +/
      10 vs 50 +/- 13 mg.dl-1; P less than 0.05), and most of the difference was due
      to lower HDL2-cholesterol concentrations (6 +/- 4 vs 22 +/- 9 mg.dl-1; P less
      than 0.05). Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity was only slightly
      lower in the users (3.49 +/- 2.23 vs 5.36 +/- 1.73 mumol FFA.ml-hr-1; P= NS). but
      hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was significantly higher in this group
      (27.99 +/- 6.89 vs 11.15 +/- 2.76, mumol FFA.ml-hr-1: P less than 0.001) and
      correlated inversely with HDL2-cholesterol concentrations (r = -0.81; P less than
      0.01). We conclude that androgenic hormones reduce HDL-cholesterol concentrations
      and the HDL2-cholesterol subfraction, possibly by enhancing hepatic triglyceride
      lipase activity.

PMID- 4033403
TI  - Effects of dieting and exercise on lean body mass, oxygen uptake, and strength.
AB  - The effects of exercise on lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), maximal oxygen
      uptake (VO2max), and quadriceps (QD) strength were studied in 72 male, mildly
      obese (X = 38% fat) subjects (X age, 43.5 yr) randomly assigned to one of eight
      treatments arranged in a 2 X 4 factorial plan with exercise (EX) and non-exercise
      (NE) and four diets as the two factors. Exercise consisted of a 3 d/wk, 8-wk
      aerobics program (70-85% maximum heart rate) accompanied by a calisthenics
      program. LBM was determined by whole body potassium (40K), FM by subtracting LBM
      from total body weight, VO2max using the Wilmore-Costill method, and QD strength
      with the Cybex II system. Weight loss of the combined EX (11.8 +/- 0.6 kg) (X +/-
      SE) and NE (9.2 +/- 0.3 kg) groups was not statistically different. LBM of the EX
      group was unchanged (from 63.1 +/- 1.9 to 62.5 +/- 2.1 kg), whereas in the NE
      group it was reduced from 62.6 +/- 1.1 to 59.3 +/- 1.2 kg (P less than 0.001)
      accounting for 36% of total weight loss. FM loss was greater for the EX group
      (11.2 +/- 1.5 kg) when compared to the NE (5.2 +/- 1.6 kg) group (P less than
      0.001). The EX group exhibited an increase in VO2max from 2.9 +/- 0.3 to 3.4 +/-
      0.2 1 X min-1 (P less than 0.001), whereas the NE group was unchanged (3.0 +/-
      0.3 to 2.9 +/- 0.4 1 X min-1 (NS].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4033404
TI  - Effect of carbohydrate feeding frequencies and dosage on muscle glycogen use
      during exercise.
AB  - Nine men were studied during three 4-h cycling bouts to determine the effect of
      frequency and dosage of solid carbohydrate (CHO) feedings (86 g) on muscle
      glycogen utilization and exercise performance. In the frequency trial (F), the
      subjects ingested 10.75 g of CHO along with 200 ml of water at 30-min intervals;
      in the dosage trial (D), the subjects ingested 21.5 g of CHO with 400 ml of water
      at 60-min intervals. During the control trial (C), the subjects ingested 400 ml
      of an artificially sweetened placebo at 60-min intervals. Respiratory exchange
      ratios were significantly elevated in both trials D and F (P less than 0.05).
      Blood glucose was significantly elevated in trial D 20 min post-feeding but had
      returned to control levels by 50 min. In trial F, blood glucose was maintained at
      a constant level throughout the entire 4 h. In trial C, blood glucose declined
      steadily during the entire 4 h. Despite the differences in blood glucose levels
      between the three trials, there were no significant differences in the rate of
      muscle glycogen utilization in any of the trials (D = 82.9 +/- 6.6 [SE] mmol X kg
      1 vs C = 80.9 +/- 6.9 mmol X kg-1 vs F = 74.4 +/- 12.2 mmol X kg-1). In a sprint
      ride (100% VO2max) to exhaustion at the end of each trial, the subjects performed
      significantly longer in trial F compared to C (120.97 +/- 9.6 vs 81.0 +/- 7.1
      s).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4033405
TI  - Aerobic requirements of overground versus treadmill running.
AB  - There is general agreement that the oxygen demand of level running is similar for
      both the treadmill (TM) and overground situations at speeds under 260 m X min-1.
      However, controversy exists with regard to inclined running. The prevailing view,
      represented by the ACSM prediction formulas, is that overground hill running is
      theoretically more costly than inclined treadmill running. This study was
      designed to investigate the problem from an empirical standpoint. Seven male
      subjects performed overground and TM running at two grades (0 and 5.7%) over a
      range of speeds between 136-286 m X min-1. For the outdoor trials, subjects
      covered a distance of 950 m at a constant pace, and expired gas was collected
      over the last 150 m. Matching trials were then performed on the treadmill at the
      same speed and % grade. Regression lines were calculated for speed vs oxygen
      consumption (VO2). For TM and overground level running, these were: VO2 (ml.kg
      1.min-1)= 0.222 X speed (m.min-1) - 1.33 and VO2 (ml.kg-1.min-1) = 0.202 X speed
      (m.min-1) + 3.21 respectively. The regression lines from TM and overground
      inclined running were: VO2 (ml.kg-1.min-1) = 0.237 X speed (m.min-1) + 7.53. and
      VO2 (ml.kg-1.min-1) = 0.233 X speed (m.min-1) + 7.78 respectively. A 2 X 3 X 2
      ANOVA revealed that the differences between mean values for VO2 for level TM
      running vs level overground running and grade TM running vs grade overground
      running were not statistically significant (0.10 less than P less than
      0.25).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4033406
TI  - Aerobic/calisthenic and aerobic/circuit weight training programs for Navy men: a
      comparative study.
AB  - Study I. Participants were 43 Navy men (mean age = 32.1 yr) assigned to one of
      three exercise training protocols: aerobic/circuit weight training performed at
      either 40 or 60% of determined one-repetition maximum strength or
      aerobic/calisthenic training. During the 10-wk study, each exercise group
      participated in three training sessions per week performed on alternate days. The
      results of this study indicate that dynamic strength (both upper and lower)
      increased for the aerobic/circuit weight training groups but not for the
      aerobic/calisthenic group. With the exception of bench press endurance for the
      aerobic/calisthenic group, all groups showed significant increases in muscular
      endurance and stamina. No significant changes were seen in static strength or
      flexibility in any of the groups. Study II. Subjects were 87 male Navy personnel
      (mean age = 19.8 yr) receiving basic training at the Recruit Training Command,
      San Diego, CA. One company of recruits (N = 41) participated in an experimental
      aerobic/circuit weight training program at 70% of determined one-repetition
      maximum. A second company (N = 46) received the standard Navy recruit physical
      training program (aerobic/calisthenic training). During the 8-wk study, both
      groups participated in an identical running program performed three times per wk
      on alternate days. Additionally, aerobic/circuit weight training participants
      completed two circuits (1 circuit = 15 exercises) three times per wk on alternate
      days to running. Study findings show the experimental aerobic/circuit weight
      training program produced significantly greater dynamic muscular strength and
      muscular endurance changes than the standard aerobic/calisthenic
      program.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4033407
TI  - Movements and the flow of lymph.

PMID- 4033408
TI  - Angular velocities, linear velocities, and kinetic energies of a number of female
      rowers.

PMID- 4033409
TI  - Skeletal complications of Gaucher disease.
AB  - Gaucher disease is a collection of related disorders of sphingolipid catabolism
      caused by the deficiency of a specific beta-glucosidase. The inefficiency of this
      enzyme, glucocerebrosidase, to degrade its natural substrate leads to the
      accumulation of the complex lipid glucocerebroside in tissue macrophages. The
      pathogenesis of the disease is, as yet, poorly understood. The manifestations of
      the disease are protean with hepatosplenomegaly and bone deterioration frequently
      the predominating signs. The disease most frequently causes disability because of
      its effects on the skeleton. This review seeks to summarize the current clinical
      understanding of these complications. Experience with 327 patients reveals that
      the bone disease in this disorder is extremely variable. The severity of the
      problems range from asymptomatic persons with neither radiographic,
      scintigraphic, nor histologic evidence of bone involvement to those whose
      skeleton is completely devastated by a process of osteopenia, osteonecrosis, and
      osteosclerosis. These severely affected individuals show the most bizarre
      deformities in their bones and are subject to pathologic fracture. Most patients
      fortunately, are less profoundly affected, but many are plagued by bone pain of
      an arthritic nature or by an acute prostrating bone crisis probably best
      described as a bone infarction. The accepted etiology that these crises are a
      result of vascular compromise produced by occlusion of vessels by Gaucher cells
      is not supported by scintigraphic or histologic studies. Moreover, the vascular
      hypothesis does not explain the variety of lesions of the skeleton seen in this
      multifocal bone disease. Preliminary metabolic and endocrinologic studies suggest
      that this is not a systemic disorder of metabolism which affects bone uniformly.
      On the contrary, the lesions are multiple and localized, and sometimes much of
      the skeleton is preserved. These observations suggest that bone is affected
      because of collections of Gaucher cells scattered throughout its substance and
      may be the result of a toxic process around these foci. Alternatively, the
      storage of glucocerebroside in tissue macrophages may disturb the generation of
      competent osteoclasts and thus result in a failure to maintain a healthy
      skeleton. Further research is needed to delineate the pathogenesis of this
      disorder before any effective therapy can be developed.

PMID- 4033410
TI  - The Guillain-Barre syndrome: pulmonary-neurologic correlations.
AB  - In a retrospective analysis of 40 hospitalized patients with the Guillain-Barre
      syndrome (GBS), we related the use and outcome of assisted ventilation to
      specific quantitative details of the neurologic illness. Two patients had an
      unusually prolonged course: they were ventilated for 374 and 396 days before
      successful weaning. The other 38 patients were similar in most respects to those
      in previously reported series. Sixteen ventilated patients were hospitalized 56.6
      +/- 10.6 (mean +/- S.E.M.) days, were ventilated 27.9 +/- 6.5 days, and had
      primarily pulmonary complications. There were 4 deaths during ventilation, and 9
      of 13 survivors (69%) had a short-term excellent functional neurologic outcome.
      Attention to the neurologic details of the course of illness may spare some
      patients from tracheostomy. Twenty-two patients not requiring respirator support
      suffered distinctly less severe neuromuscular impairment with minimal cranial
      neuropathy, had no occurrence of pneumonia, and were discharged after 19.1 +/-
      4.6 days. Eighty-one percent had an excellent functional outcome. The wide range
      of manifestations and severity of patients with GBS requires the attending
      physician to be flexible in dealing with each case and not make management
      decisions arbitrarily, by reference to a hypothetical "typical case."

PMID- 4033411
TI  - Pulmonary cavitation following pulmonary infarction.
AB  - Cavitation following bland pulmonary infarction is not commonly considered in the
      differential diagnosis of cavitary lung disease. In a 4-year period we have found
      10 cases of cavitating pulmonary infarction (CPI) by reviewing serial chest
      radiographs from autopsies with pulmonary infarction and in all cases with
      positive ventilation-perfusion lung scans. We have compared these cases to 31
      previously reported cases in the English literature that met our criteria for
      CPI. In our 10 patients, there were 12 radiographic cavities; 5 in the upper
      lobes, 5 in the lower lobes and 2 in the middle lobe. This distribution was
      consistent with a relative upper-lobe predominance in the literature review. In
      nine patients the cavitation appeared rapidly (mean, 5 days) and was associated
      with fever, purulent sputum, and leukocytosis. Sputum cultures were obtained in
      eight patients, revealing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli in three
      each and Proteus species in two. In four patients, pulmonary infarction was not
      considered and the diagnosis was made at autopsy, a situation also common in
      previously reported cases. We have seen a high incidence of CPI in a
      retrospective review of patients with pulmonary infarction, and we believe that
      it is important to consider this diagnosis when evaluating cavitary lesions.

PMID- 4033412
TI  - Liver involvement in sickle cell disease.
AB  - In an effort to clarify the features of hepatic dysfunction in sickle cell
      disease, we obtained serial tests of liver function in 100 consecutive patients
      with sickle cell anemia and in 30 consecutive patients with hemoglobinopathy SC
      during a five-year period. There were 32 patients with chronic abnormalities in
      tests of liver function. These abnormal tests were explained by a variety of
      lesions in 30 cases, and the liver disease remained unexplained in only 2
      patients who declined liver biopsy. The diagnoses in these 30 patients included
      hepatitis, chronic passive congestion, common duct obstruction, alcoholic liver
      disease, pregnancy, collagen-vascular disease, and sarcoidosis. Evidence for
      hepatitis B infection was present in 19 of those with sickle cell anemia and in 6
      of those with hemoglobinopathy SC. The bilirubin levels in sickle cell anemia
      appeared to have a trimodal distribution, with six patients exhibiting markedly
      elevated levels of indirect bilirubin suggesting a difference in bilirubin
      metabolism. There was no evidence of liver disease in 72 patients with sickle
      cell anemia, nor in 24 patients with hemoglobinopathy SC, as these patients
      exhibited only mild elevation of their serum indirect bilirubin levels owing to
      chronic hemolysis. Intrasinusoidal sickling and Kupffer cell erythrophagocytosis
      were nearly universal findings at liver biopsy, irrespective of the clinical
      disorder, and were not related to the degree of liver test abnormalities. Liver
      and biliary tract dysfunction in sickle cell disease have been attributed to
      anoxia secondary to sinusoidal obstruction by sickled erythrocytes and Kupffer
      cell erythrophagocytosis. However, some causes of liver disease in sickle cell
      patients can be explained by clinical disorders other than the hemoglobinopathy
      alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4033413
TI  - The effect of a prior presentation on temporal judgments in a perceptual
      identification task.

PMID- 4033414
TI  - Integration versus decomposition in the retention of complex ideas.

PMID- 4033415
TI  - Effects of constraint and validity of sentence contexts on lexical decisions.

PMID- 4033416
TI  - Script processing in a natural situation.

PMID- 4033417
TI  - Interaction of stimulus and contextual information during reading: identifying
      words within sentences.

PMID- 4033418
TI  - Continuous monitoring of human contingency judgment across trials.

PMID- 4033419
TI  - Scale effects in memory for the time of events.

PMID- 4033420
TI  - Representation in the mental lexicon: implications for theories of the generation
      effect.

PMID- 4033421
TI  - Diabetic osteopenia and circulating levels of vitamin D metabolites in type 2
      (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - The degree of diabetic osteopenia and serum vitamin D metabolite levels were
      measured in 168 type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Based on six
      indices obtained by microdensitometry, we found the bone mass in 26.2% of
      diabetic patients to be clearly decreased and in 11.9% to be severely decreased.
      Our direct method of analysis of bone mass shows that diabetic osteopenia differs
      from typical osteoporosis in character. In addition, serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D was significantly decreased (P less than 0.01), but 25-hydroxyvitamin D and
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were similar to those of controls.

PMID- 4033422
TI  - Adipocyte precursor cells in obese and nonobese humans.
AB  - Adipose precursors isolated from the stromal-vascular fraction of omental and
      subcutaneous adipose tissue, from defined hyperplastic obese and nonobese human
      adults were cultured in order to measure and compare replication rates. After
      multiplication to confluence these cells were also cultured in an enriched
      viscous suspension medium to optimize the expression of these cells to
      adipocytes, allowing an estimation of the number of cells having the ability to
      express an adipocyte phenotype. No difference in replication rate was seen
      between obese and nonobese donors or when adipocyte precursors from different
      depots were compared. When cells were allowed to develop fully in the enriched
      medium, approximately 6.5% of the original inoculated cell population exhibited
      an adipocyte morphology. Thus, these results suggest that environmental rather
      than genetic factors may be responsible for the hyperplasia seen in certain
      massively obese humans. Furthermore, the results indicate that fat-free cells
      found within the stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue have the ability to
      develop into adipocytes. However, it is suggested that the relatively low yield
      in obtaining fully differentiated fat cells under these conditions may be due to
      the heterogeneity of adipose related cells within the original stromal-vascular
      fraction from which these cultures were initially derived.

PMID- 4033423
TI  - Leucine metabolism in thyrotoxicosis: plasma aminogram and 3-methylhistidine
      excretion before and after treatment.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested increased protein catabolism and altered muscle
      metabolism in hyperthyroid patients. In this experiment we investigated
      parameters of protein and leucine metabolism before and after treatment of
      hyperthyroidism. While confined in a metabolic ward, patients' daily caloric
      intake was based on the resting energy expenditure and an allowance for 16 hours
      of light physical activity. We found no significant difference in plasma
      aminogram and urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion (an index of protein
      catabolism) before and after treatment. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism
      appeared to increase the rates of oxidation, turnover, and plasma clearance of
      endogenous leucine. However, only the 60% increase in the rate of leucine
      oxidation was statistically significant. We conclude that in spite of increased
      catabolism, basal levels of branched-chain amino acids are well maintained in
      plasma of hyperthyroid patients consuming a diet that compensates for their
      hypermetabolic state.

PMID- 4033424
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein abnormalities associated with acquired hepatic triglyceride
      lipase deficiency.
AB  - Two enzymes, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL), are
      released into human plasma after intravenous injection of heparin. LPL is the
      major enzyme responsible for initiating catabolism of chylomicrons and very-low
      density lipoproteins (VLDL). The physiological role of HTGL is less certain. HTGL
      has been postulated to be an alternate enzyme to LPL in hydrolysis of
      triglyceride in VLDL and to be an important enzyme for removal of phospholipid
      from both low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). In
      this latter role, this enzyme would convert larger, lighter lipoprotein particles
      to smaller denser particles. HTGL deficiency has been found in severe liver
      disease and with a genetic deficiency of this enzyme. A unique patient is
      described with acquired hepatic triglyceride lipase deficiency and vitamin A
      intoxication. This patient developed hypercholesterolemia with an increase in
      both LDL and HDL. An increased proportion of lighter LDL (LDL1) and HDL (HDL2)
      was noted. In addition, after administration of heparin there was no shift in the
      distribution of apoE in plasma fractionated using a column containing 4% agarose.
      These findings are consistent with a postulated role of HTGL in metabolism of
      light LDL and HDL particles and some classes of apoE containing lipoproteins.

PMID- 4033425
TI  - Effect of increased physical activity on voluntary intake in lean women.
AB  - To determine the effect of exercise-related factors on food intake, five nonobese
      women (mean +/- SEM of the percent of desirable body weight, 97 +/- 5) were
      hospitalized as part of a metabolic experiment. Excess amounts of a mixed food
      diet were provided on platters to the subjects. They served themselves from these
      and ate freely. Intake was estimated covertly by weighing the platters before and
      after serving. Expenditure was monitored with daily activity diaries and indirect
      calorimetry determinations of all the activities recorded. After a five-day
      evaluation phase, each subject underwent three 19-day treatment periods in which
      physical activity was modified. Total daily expenditure was increased to 114 +/-
      4% of the sedentary treatment for a mild exercise period and 129 +/- 3% for a
      moderate period. Corresponding voluntary intakes during exercise were 117 +/- 5%
      and 122 +/- 6% of sedentary treatment. Although moderate exercise (mean 772 +/-
      40 kcal/d) was greater than mild (378 +/- 63 kcal/d), the increased intake levels
      of the two were comparable. However, the resulting energy balances of 10 +/- 71
      kcal/d for sedentary, 64 +/- 43 kcal/d for mild and -116 +/- 92 kcal/d for
      moderate treatments were not different. Therefore, in a paradigm which permits
      maintenance of a voluntary balanced energy state during an inactive period,
      compensatory intake responses to exercise occur. Unlike obese women who do not
      match their intakes to energy expended as physical activity, nonobese women
      demonstrate hyperphagic responses.

PMID- 4033427
TI  - Normal plasma free amino acid values in adults: the influence of some common
      physiological variables.
AB  - We measured plasma free amino acids in ten healthy adults (five males, five
      females, ages 26 to 54 years), at four times of day, under two dietary protocols.
      The design allowed us to measure the effects of some common physiological
      variables on the metrical distributions (mean, SD, skewness, kurtosis) of 80
      values (in most cases), for each of 20 amino acids. Analysis of variance
      indicates that individuals in a "public" population possess "private" phenotypes
      for 18 plasma amino acids under typical external experiences; the exceptions were
      aspartate and taurine. The collective infradiem variation rarely exceeded 50% of
      the nadir value for any amino acid. We conclude that genotype is an important
      determinant of plasma amino acid phenotype in normal persons, and that there is
      striking homeostasis of plasma amino acid values in human adults adapted to
      normal daily activity.

PMID- 4033426
TI  - Time course of changes in gluconeogenesis from various precursors in chronically
      endotoxemic rats.
AB  - Rates of gluconeogenesis (GNG) from lactate and triosephosphate precursors were
      measured in hepatocytes isolated from rats that have received endotoxin or
      physiological saline by continuous infusion from an implanted pump. Six hours
      after the onset of infusion (day 2 postsurgery) GNG from lactate was
      significantly elevated in hepatocytes of endotoxemic (ET) animals. By 24 hours
      later, the gluconeogenic rate was depressed, compared to cells of NaCl-infused
      controls. However, providing ET cells with lactate at concentrations found in the
      in vivo milieu resulted in glucose production at rates not different from those
      of control cells incubated at their respective in vivo (lower) substrate levels.
      On day 2 postsurgery, ET rats were hyperglycemic and hyperlactacidemic; on day 3
      the elevated blood lactate concentration was maintained, but the plasma glucose
      values were not different from those of NaCl controls. The glucagon-induced
      increment in glucose synthesis was depressed in cells of ET rats both on day 2
      and day 3 postsurgery, although the total amount of glucose released was
      significantly less only on day 3. The pattern of norepinephrine stimulation was
      similar to that of glucagon, except for the increase above the basal rate of GNG
      on day 3 being the same for control and ET cells. GNG was also assessed from
      oxidized substrates (fructose (F) and dihydroxyacetone (DHA] and reduced
      substrates (sorbitol and glycerol) entering the pathway at the triosephosphate
      level. On day 2 both cell populations produced glucose from each of the four
      precursors at comparable basal rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4033429
TI  - Adipocyte precursor clones vary in capacity for differentiation.
AB  - Adipocyte precursor populations derived from rat perirenal or epididymal fat were
      found to be composed of clones varying in capacity for differentiation. Perirenal
      tissue contained a greater proportion of those clones that differentiated
      extensively. It is hypothesized that differences between regions and individuals
      in growth of adipose tissue may be due to differences in the frequency within
      adipocyte precursor pools of clones with unusual capacities for replication and
      differentiation.

PMID- 4033428
TI  - Prolactin and growth hormone responses to dermorphin in patients with prolactin
      secreting pituitary adenoma.
AB  - We have recently shown that dermorphin (D), a new potent opioid peptide (H-Tyr-D
      Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2) stimulates prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH)
      secretion in humans. In 11 patients with a PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma (eight
      microprolactinomas and three macroprolactinomas with suprasellar extension),
      diagnosed by pituitary dynamic function tests, and radiological evidence with
      confirmation at surgery, the PRL and GH responses to D were studied to evaluate
      the effect of pathological hyperprolactinemia on the opioid-induced secretion of
      GH and PRL. No PRL response to D was observed in all 11 patients. Plasma GH
      increased after D in all patients, except in three patients bearing a
      macroprolactinoma. This study shows that the effect of D on PRL and GH secretion
      can be dissociated in patients with PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma, perhaps for
      a different derangement in the hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism(s) underlying the
      opioidergic regulation of GH and PRL secretion. In addition our data indicate
      that D can be employed as a useful opioid probe in humans.

PMID- 4033430
TI  - General carotenoid methods.

PMID- 4033431
TI  - Gas chromatography of isoprenoids.

PMID- 4033432
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of carotenoids.

PMID- 4033433
TI  - Invertebrate carotenoproteins.

PMID- 4033434
TI  - Separation of mevalonate phosphates and isopentenyl pyrophosphate by thin-layer
      chromatography and of short-chain prenyl phosphates by ion-pair chromatography on
      a high-performance liquid chromatography column.

PMID- 4033435
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of C5 to C20 isoprenoid
      benzoates and naphthoates.

PMID- 4033436
TI  - Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesterol transport.

PMID- 4033437
TI  - A comparison of methods for the identification of sterols.

PMID- 4033438
TI  - Side-chain cleavage of cholesterol by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in a
      selected ion monitoring mode.

PMID- 4033439
TI  - Ecdysone conjugates: isolation and identification.

PMID- 4033440
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of bile acids.

PMID- 4033441
TI  - Mass spectrometry of bile acids.

PMID- 4033442
TI  - On the mathematical basis of Zelen's prerandomized designs.

PMID- 4033443
TI  - Comprehensive Cohort Study: an alternative to randomized consent design in a
      breast preservation trial.

PMID- 4033445
TI  - Morphologic analysis of compound words.

PMID- 4033444
TI  - On priming medical students in medical informatics.

PMID- 4033446
TI  - Mitochondrial membrane potential in lymphocytes as monitored by fluorescent
      cation diS-C3-(5).
AB  - A lipophilic fluorescent cation diS-C3-(5) and rotenone suppress the oxygen
      consumption rate of thymocytes in similar concentrations. Seventy percent
      inhibition corresponds to an inhibitor:cytochrome a molar ratio of about 1:1.
      Addition of uncouplers decreases the inhibition of respiration by diS-C3-(5) (but
      not rotenone). FCCP in similar concentrations increases O2 consumption in the
      absence of diS-C3-(5) and the diS-C3-(5) fluorescence intensity in the presence
      of TMPD in thymocyte suspensions. In most thymocyte preparations, oligomycin
      (0.05-0.1 microgram/mL) increases the fluorescence of diS-C3-(5) and further
      addition of TMPD (50-100 microM) decreases the fluorescence. Addition of NaCN
      (400 microM) after oligomycin leads to a fluorescence increase that is hardly
      affected by subsequent addition of 0.2 microM FCCP. Nigericin (10-50 nM)
      decreases the diS-C3-(5) fluorescence. The data indicate that the diS-C3-(5)
      fluorescence associated with mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta psi m)
      may be an essential part of the diS-C3-(5) fluorescence in lymphocyte
      suspensions. The changes of the diS-C3-(5) fluorescence intensity in the presence
      of TMPD after FCCP addition reflect delta psi m.

PMID- 4033447
TI  - A preliminary evaluation of the effect of lofexidine on vasomotor flushes in post
      menopausal women.
AB  - This is a preliminary study of a new orally administered alpha-adrenergic
      agonist, lofexidine, to establish its effectiveness in the control of vasomotor
      flushes (VMF) in five post-menopausal women. The initial dose of lofexidine, 0.1
      mg b.i.d., was increased by 0.1 mg b.i.d. every two weeks until VMF disappeared,
      until side-effects became intolerable, or until a maximum dose of 0.6 mg b.i.d.
      was reached. When the maximum dose for these criteria was reached, there was a
      patient-blinded crossover to placebo. Each patient recorded her VMF each day and
      was monitored by finger thermistor for three hours every two weeks to record VMF.
      At the maximum tolerated dose, the patients had an average 74% (P less than
      0.001) decrease in subjectively noted VMF, and a 61% (P less than 0.05) decrease
      in VMF objectively measured by finger thermistor. The side-effects (dry mouth,
      fatigue, headache) became intolerable for one patient at 0.3 mg b.i.d. and for
      one patient at 0.5 mg b.i.d. Two patients tolerated 0.6 mg b.i.d. Four patients
      had a return to near baseline numbers of VMF with placebo. Preliminary evidence
      indicates that lofexidine is probably effective in the treatment of VMF; however,
      at doses which completely eliminate VMF, the side-effects may become intolerable.

PMID- 4033448
TI  - Post-menopausal estrogen replacement: the prevention of osteoporosis and systemic
      effects.
AB  - The long-term effects of estrogen replacements in post-menopausal women were
      assessed in 61 estrogen-treated and 63 control subjects followed prospectively
      for 3-16 yr (mean 8.6 yr). A loss of height of 1.3 cm (1/2") or more developed
      with twice the frequency among control as among estrogen-replaced subjects, with
      the major difference appearing after 65 yr of age. However, estrogen replacement
      was not an absolute protection against height loss, especially after 70 yr of
      age. Myocardial infarctions and abnormal electrocardiograms were significantly
      reduced among the estrogen-replaced compared to the control subjects, but further
      observations are needed. Long-term estrogen replacement in post-menopausal women
      reduces the development of spinal osteoporosis and may reduce the development of
      ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 4033449
TI  - The effects of naloxone infusion and stellate ganglion blockade on hot flushes in
      the human male.
AB  - A 77-yr-old man presented with severe episodes of hypotension, flushing and
      sweating starting immediately after infarcting his only remaining functioning
      testis. The attacks were shown to be mediated by the cervical sympathetic chain,
      the reaction on the face and neck being abolished by a stellate ganglion block.
      The severity and frequency of sweating was also considerably reduced with
      naloxone as may be seen in female climacteric flushing. Injection of testosterone
      significantly reduced the frequency and severity of the attacks, which were
      unaltered by oestrogen treatment.

PMID- 4033450
TI  - Temporal correlation of some endocrine circadian rhythms in elderly subjects.
AB  - The aim of this chronobiological study was to investigate temporal correlations
      in the circadian patterns of 6 hormones, namely somatotrophic hormone (STH),
      prolactin (PRL), cortisol (F), aldosterone (ALD), insulin (IRI) and C-peptide
      (CP), assayed in systemic blood serum drawn at 07:00, 10:00, 13:00, 16:00, 19:00
      and 22:00 h from an antecubital vein in 19 young subjects (aged 20-29 yr,
      comprising 10 males and 9 females; and 20 elderly subjects (aged 70-81 yr,
      comprising 10 males and 10 females). All subjects were sampled on a normal
      dietary sodium intake (120-140 mEq/24h) while following a social routine of
      diurnal activity (07:00-23:00) and nocturnal rest (23:00-07:00). Time-qualified
      data were analyzed by lead-lag correlation and by cosinor analysis. According to
      the lead-lag correlation findings, it would appear that the correlation which
      exists between several time-qualified series in young subjects is no longer
      present in elderly subjects. The circadian rhythms which were found to have lost
      their temporal correlations with advancing age were those between STH and IRI,
      STH and ALD, PRL and IRI, PRL and CP, and ALD and CP. It should be noted that the
      correlation between hormonal rhythms breaks down mainly on account of a peculiar
      age-related change in the magnitude of the circadian fluctuation. This
      chronological decline in amplitude led to the conclusion that the senescence of
      endocrine rhythmic functions is a biological phenomenon characterized by altered
      circadian variability.

PMID- 4033451
TI  - High blood pressure and 'ischaemic' ECG patterns in climacteric women.
AB  - A study to evaluate the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) and resting
      'ischaemic' electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns in the climacteric was carried out
      in 494 outpatients aged up to 65 yr. The study group was made up of 91 pre
      menopausal women, 235 natural post-menopausal women, 91 surgical post-menopausal
      women and 77 women of advanced reproductive age, who comprised the control group.
      High systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure values were seen in 26.6% of the
      overall climacteric group (C), i.e. in 23.1% of the pre-menopausal women (PM);
      28.9% of the natural post-menopausal women (NMt); and 24.2% of the surgical post
      menopausal women (SMt), these frequencies being statistically significant
      compared to that in the control group (K) (6.5%). 'Ischaemic' ECG patterns
      (according to the Minnesota Code definition) were observed in 20.3% of the C
      group, in 22.0% of the PM group and in 27.5% of the SMt group, these rates being
      statistically significant compared to that in the control group (9.1%). Minnesota
      Code 4:1 and 5: 1-2 patterns were present in 5.7%, and 4:2 and 5:3 patterns in
      14.6% of the C group. A significant correlation was found between HBP (systolic
      and diastolic) and 'ischaemic' ECG patterns.

PMID- 4033452
TI  - Gynaecology of middle-aged women--menstrual and reproductive histories.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate menstrual history, reproductive
      functions, fertility regulation and gynaecological operations is a representative
      sample of middle-aged women. A sample consisting of 1746 women aged 40-66 was
      randomly selected. Of those initially selected, a total of 1413 (81%) were
      investigated. Gynaecological data were acquired by means of questionnaires.
      Eighty-six percent of menstruating women reported a cycle length of 22-30 days
      and menstrual flows lasting 4-7 days. The median age at natural menopause was
      50.9 yr. The oldest menstruating women were 57 yr old. Curettage had been
      performed in 53%, and 9% were hysterectomised. Every fourth woman had had three
      or more children, and 15% were nulliparous. Abortion (spontaneous or induced) was
      reported by 28% of the women. Of 714 menstruating women, 62% were utilising
      contraceptive methods, among which barrier or natural methods predominated. Nine
      percent of women aged 40-44 used combined oral contraceptives. Previous or
      current use of contraceptive pills was reported by 32% of all the women, and of
      these 20% had been on the pill for 10 or more yr.

PMID- 4033453
TI  - Calorimetric analysis of phagocytosis of staphylococcal protein-A/IgG complexes.
AB  - We have analyzed calorimetrically the phagocytosis of the pseudoimmunecomplexes
      formed by staphylococcal protein A in presence of serum. Strong thermal effects
      were recorded during phagocytosis. They appear to be the sum of two distinct heat
      contributions. We have previously shown that these are the expression of two
      different non-mitochondrial O2 reduction pathways operating during the metabolic
      "burst" (Eftimiadi and Rialdi, 1982). Experiments carried out at different
      protein A/IgG ratios produced quantitatively and qualitatively different power
      time curves. The data reported here indicate that although the immunoglobulins
      are essential for the triggering complex to form, the presence of complement is
      necessary to obtain maximal granulocytic metabolic activation.

PMID- 4033454
TI  - Interaction of papaverine with covalently closed DNA.
AB  - Cyclic nucleotides influence viral replication and papaverine, as an inhibitor of
      phosphodiesterase, also affects the replication of both DNA and RNA viruses
      through an increase in cAMP levels. Moreover in vitro papaverine affects neither
      protein synthesis nor several polymerases, while it inhibits DNA synthesis.
      Static fluorescence studies on the interaction of the drug with ColE1 plasmid
      covalently closed DNA indicate that the drug binds to the nucleic acid, probably
      by intercalation. A comparison between the binding characteristics of Papaverine
      and Actinomycin D is also reported.

PMID- 4033455
TI  - Hemolytic activity of isolates of Yersinia sp.
AB  - One hundred and thirty one strains of Yersinia sp. isolated in Italy from 1979 to
      1982 were examined for their ability to produce hemolysis on blood agar.
      Hemolytic activity was shown by seventy four strains on chicken blood agar and
      rabbit blood agar with 0.5% lecithin at 28 degrees C. No hemolytic activity was
      shown at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 4033456
TI  - A new calorimetric technique to analyze bacteria-phagocyte interactions.
AB  - We have assessed the use of a batch calorimeter in the analysis of bacteria
      phagocyte interactions. Results obtained using different strains of staphylococci
      agree with our previously reported flow calorimetric data. Phagocytosis of
      Staphylococcus aureus produces a greater metabolic activation energy expenditure
      with respect to other "saprophytic" staphylococci. The results obtained indicate
      that the batch calorimeter better fulfills all the requirements for routine
      phagocytosis assay.

PMID- 4033457
TI  - Effect of saccharin on growth and acid production of glucose-grown pathogenic and
      oral bacteria.
AB  - Growth and acid production of glucose-grown Gram-positive and Gram-negative rods
      as well as cocci from the human oral cavity were studied in the presence of 0.02
      to 20.00 mg/ml sodium saccharin. All Gram-positive rods, i.e. Actinomyces
      viscosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium
      diphtheriae, and Gram-positive cocci, i.e. Streptococcus spp, Staphylococcus
      aureus and Micrococcus luteus, were significantly inhibited by saccharin,
      especially at the higher concentrations. While Gram-negative cocci, i.e.
      Veillonella sp and Neisseria sicca were strongly inhibited by all tested
      saccharin concentrations, Gram-negative rods, i.e. the enterics and Acinetobacter
      sp, exhibited little if any inhibition. Saccharin caused a significant reduction
      in fermentative acid production congruent with observed growth.

PMID- 4033458
TI  - Change in the volatile fatty acids content of laboratory stored sterilized and
      non-sterilized swine wastes.
AB  - The influence of urine and microbial activity was studied as possible factors
      leading to the generation of volatile fatty acids in non-sterilized stored swine
      wastes. Urine was found to promote the generation of the volatile acids. The
      microbial origin of the volatile acids in the wastes was ascertained by the
      growth of an anaerobic bacterial strain (Peptostreptococcus anaerobius).
      Significant generation and transformation of these acids was observed in
      sterilized swine waste samples stored under conditions similar to the non
      sterilized samples.

PMID- 4033459
TI  - Antimicrobial activity of some heterocyclic derivatives of 1-methyl-1-nitroethyl
      sulphides.
AB  - The minimum inhibitory concentration values for a group of synthesized
      heterocyclic derivatives of 1-methyl-1-nitroethyl sulphide were determined for
      Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi. The active compounds
      were further screened. The effect of these compounds on growth, morphology and
      incorporation of 3H-uridine was also tested. Comments on the possible model of
      action of such compounds is included.

PMID- 4033460
TI  - Eight suggestions toward easing the crisis.

PMID- 4033461
TI  - Tort system abuses at the heart of crisis.

PMID- 4033462
TI  - Insurance official explains carrier's rates and reserves.

PMID- 4033463
TI  - PICOM chief tells that carrier's story.

PMID- 4033464
TI  - Malpractice crisis threatens health care for Detroit's homeless.

PMID- 4033465
TI  - This crisis could worsen Detroit's infant mortality.

PMID- 4033467
TI  - Potentiality of artificial sea water salts for the production of carrageenase by
      a marine Cytophaga sp.
AB  - Production of an extracellular enzyme complex (carrageenase) was studied by
      examining cell-free fluids from cultures of a marine Cytophaga, 1k-C783, growing
      on different media. Among artificial sea water salts, only NaCl and MgCl2 were
      utilized by the organism to produce carrageenase. The minimal concentrations of
      suitable combinations of NaCl and MgCl2 were found to be 0.05 M NaCl plus 0.25 M
      MgCl2, and 0.15 M NaCl plus 0.15 M MgCl2. KCl and CaCl2 did not have any role in
      carrageenase production in ZoBell 2216 E broth medium. Carrageenase was
      synthesized continuously within the resting cells and was released from the cells
      as well as in the growing cells, when nutrient had been supplied.

PMID- 4033466
TI  - Fatty acid composition and Shwartzman activity of lipopolysaccharides from oral
      bacteria.
AB  - The composition and the nature of the linkage of fatty acids and the Shwartzman
      activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations derived from oral gram-negative
      bacteria including Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides loesheii, Eikenella
      corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were
      examined. 3-Hydroxylated and nonhydroxy fatty acids of various chain lengths were
      found in all of the LPS preparations. All nonhydroxy fatty acids were found to be
      ester-bound, and part of the 3-hydroxy fatty acids in the LPS of B. gingivalis,
      E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans were shown to be
      involved in ester linkage. It was also suggested that the hydroxy group of the
      ester-bound 3-hydroxy fatty acid of the LPS of F. nucleatum and A.
      actinomycetemcomitans is at least partly substituted by another fatty acid, but
      in the LPS of B. gingivalis and E. corrodens it is not. The main amide-linked
      fatty acid of the LPS of B. gingivalis, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, and A.
      actinomycetemcomitans was 3-hydroxyheptadecanoic, 3-hydroxydodecanoic, 3
      hydroxyhexadecanoic, and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, respectively. The results
      of the Shwartzman assay showed that the E. corrodens LPS was the most active
      among the preparations tested, and that the Shwartzman toxicity of Bacteroides
      LPS is extremely low.

PMID- 4033468
TI  - A staphylococcal coagglutination test for detecting and serogrouping Legionella
      pneumophila.
AB  - For detection of Legionella pneumophila and determination of its serogroup, the
      modified staphylococcal coagglutination test was studied in detail. Cross
      reactions in serum-agglutination tests were observed among serogroups, but
      immunoglobulin-coated staphylococcal cells could detect L. pneumophila with high
      sensitivity (a cell concentration with an absorbance of 0.008 at 660 nm could be
      detected) and serogroups could be determined without cross-reactions. Moreover
      the coexistence of other bacteria did not affect the results of the test. These
      results suggest that the staphylococcal coagglutination test is useful for
      detection and identification of Legionella, especially in environmental samples,
      and for serogrouping of isolates of L. pneumophila from clinical specimens.

PMID- 4033469
TI  - Mycobacterium thermoresistibile from dust of Japanese houses.

PMID- 4033470
TI  - [The fungal flora of the air in the villages around Carsamba, Northern Turkey].
AB  - The fungal flora of the air was investigated in 13 villages of Samsun, Carsamba,
      Kizilot Health Center in December and February. In most of the villages,
      Penicillium and Alternaria were isolated most frequently. Scopulariopsis and
      Fusarium were also found at high quantity in the air.

PMID- 4033471
TI  - [Importance of vaccination and bacteriological studies in diphtheria epidemics].
AB  - The Ouchterlony - Elek gel diffusion test was performed in twenty-nine patients
      having a positive culture result for diphtheria bacilli on Loeffler and tellurite
      agars in January and February, 1984 and toxin production was detected in 20 of
      them. Except one adult patient, the cases ranged in age 2 and 12 years. In 14
      patients who have received at least one immunization with diphtheria vaccine had
      no complication, besides three patients without immunization in whom two received
      antibiotics plus antitoxin therapy had carditis and soft palate paralysis. Five
      patients in the non-immunized group and 6 patients in the group received at least
      one immunization had diphtheritic membrane. In spite of three patients with
      cardiac and neural complications, with early diagnosis and beginning therapy with
      antibiotics and antitoxin before the result of in vitro toxigenicity test, O%
      mortality rate was obtained.

PMID- 4033473
TI  - [Halophilic bacteria].

PMID- 4033472
TI  - [A case of Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis].
AB  - In this paper, a fatal Cryptococcus meningitis has been reported. This type of
      meningitis is quite rare in this country.

PMID- 4033474
TI  - [Salmonella serotypes isolated in Turkey to the end of 1984].
AB  - 59 Salmonella serotypes which belong to A, B, C1, C2, C3, D1, E1, E4, F, G1, H,
      I, M, P, Q and U groups of Kauffmann - White schema were isolated in Turkey until
      the end of 1984.

PMID- 4033475
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and the opioid system.
AB  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal condition
      occurring usually in patients on long-term neuroleptic medication. The
      pathogenesis of the syndrome is poorly understood, but appears to be related to
      central dopaminergic dysfunction. Recently, an opioid-dopamine link has been
      demonstrated. This paper discusses evidence supporting an opioid dysfunction in
      the pathogenesis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 4033476
TI  - Simplicity--the key to fruitful medical research.
AB  - Medical research is here divided into two broad categories. The great majority of
      research is "complex" and includes all studies of intricate body mechanisms. A
      minority of research is "simple" and deals mainly with direct relationships
      between human environmental or life-style factors and disease incidence (or with
      analogous studies on animals). In addition, it includes studies of simple body
      mechanisms. Examples are provided to demonstrate that most of our medical
      knowledge of practical benefit derives from simple research. This is particularly
      the case in the area of prevention.

PMID- 4033477
TI  - Polyvinyl pyrrolidone-iodine as an intravenous antiseptic.

PMID- 4033478
TI  - Could supplementary dietary tryptophan prevent sudden infant death syndrome?
AB  - Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep seems to protect infants from developing the
      sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). A biological rhythm involving the locus
      ceruleus and the dorsal raphe nucleus has been related to melatonin and REM
      sleep. The same rhythm is present in the medial parabrachial nucleus which is an
      oscilator for pneumotaxic activity. Tryptophan has been shown to be effective in
      some adult sleep apneas and to increase REM sleep in infants. Tryptophan -
      serotonin - melatonin deficiencies are suggested as a possible cause of SIDS.

PMID- 4033479
TI  - The impact of integrated and intelligent sensor systems on medical equipment and
      methods.

PMID- 4033480
TI  - Medical applications of fiberoptic sensors.
AB  - The key requirements of receptor biomolecules for use in affinity optodes are 1)
      totally reversible binding, 2) rapid equilibration (on the order of minutes or
      less), 3) no destruction of the analyte or competing analyte, 4) high
      differential selectivity (binding constants) for analytes of similar structures,
      and 5) long-term stability. An obvious first choice for sources of receptors for
      biosensors is antibodies; these immunoproteins are easily derived for drugs,
      metabolites, and hormones. However, most of the antibodies selected for
      immunoassay purposes have very high binding constants for their analytes, which
      may be the result of very slow dissociation rates. Thus, antibodies to be used in
      biosensors should be screened for high dissociation rates. Monoclonal antibodies
      appear to be the most suitable from this point of view.

PMID- 4033481
TI  - Chemical biosensors and on-line patient monitoring.

PMID- 4033482
TI  - Biosensors and the clinical laboratory.
AB  - Aside from the economic factors that make biosensors attractive, on-board signal
      conditioning and signal processing improve the limits of detection and simplify
      use of the devices. The present discussion summarizes the breadth of biosensor
      design and application, and the requirements of clinical assay detection. Current
      sensor research is aimed toward extending the lower limits of detection for
      nonradioactive immunoassays. The clinical laboratory is in a state of change;
      operating and instrumentation costs will affect the delivery of diagnostics.
      Technology will assume a major role in reshaping the clinical laboratory.
      Biosensors promise to deliver the diagnostic tools for the evolution that is now
      in progress. The clinical laboratory will no doubt continue to perform chemical
      profiling and the more specialized tests. The successful implementation of solid
      state sensor technology promises to simplify immunoassay procedures, as the
      autoanalyzer did some 20 years ago for the profiling of blood metabolites. It is
      likely that more tests will be performed in physicians' offices with the advent
      of highly automated and cost-effective biosensors. By the use of this technology,
      practitioners of critical care medicine will be able to assume greater
      responsibility for diagnostic testing.

PMID- 4033483
TI  - An inspiration-triggered delivery system for oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula.
AB  - Therapy for severe chronic lung disease currently includes the administration of
      supplemental oxygen to prevent breathlessness and tissue hypoxia. Although
      effective, this therapy is unnecessarily costly, because oxygen is administered
      to the patient during expiration as well as inspiration. To eliminate this
      inefficiency, a delivery system that senses the inspiratory effort and delivers
      oxygen to the patient only during inspiration was developed. The 11 X 5 X 8-cm
      flow control unit attaches easily to a portable oxygen supply. The components of
      the system have an expected life of five years, and the 9-V battery provides
      power for about one month of use. Manual controls permit accommodation to the
      respiratory pattern of the patient. Preliminary evaluation of the system showed
      that its effectiveness in producing tissue oxygenation is similar to that of
      continuous oxygen systems. The system has potential applications in ambulatory
      oxygen therapy and in other clinical settings to improve the cost/benefit ratio
      of oxygen treatment.

PMID- 4033484
TI  - Gastrointestinal endoscopy outside teaching hospitals.

PMID- 4033485
TI  - Mental and physical health consequences of disasters.

PMID- 4033486
TI  - Some health consequences of a natural disaster.
AB  - A survey of the health and psychosocial problems of all victims of the 1983 South
      Australian Ash Wednesday Bushfires was carried out 12 months after the disaster.
      A total of 1526 victims completed an extensive questionnaire that included the 28
      item General Health Questionnaire and a self-reporting check-list of specific
      health problems. The data received indicated a significant increase in stress
      related conditions, including hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes,
      and mental illness, while the prevalence of nonstress-related conditions such as
      cancer or urological disease were not increased significantly. Health problems
      increased during the 12 months following the bushfire and diminished toward the
      end of that period, but a large number of difficulties remained. Certain disaster
      experiences, particularly the type of loss suffered, were found to be
      significantly related to health.

PMID- 4033487
TI  - Trends in mortality from malignant mesothelioma of the pleura, and production and
      use of asbestos in Australia.
AB  - Annual mortality from malignant mesothelioma of the pleura (MMP) in Australia (as
      represented by ICD8 codes 163.0 and 212.4, and ICD9 codes 163 and 212.4)
      increased in men aged 30 years and older from about 0.5/100 000 in 1968-1970 to
      2.1/100 000 in 1983. Corresponding rates in women varied from 0.1/100 000 to
      0.2/100 000 between 1968 and 1980, then rose to 0.3/100 000 in 1983. The rise in
      MMP mortality in men probably corresponds to the increasing use of asbestos,
      particularly amosite, in Australia during and after World War II. That production
      and importation of amosite and crocidolite in Australia reached a peak in 1958
      may mean that peak mortality from MMP will not be reached until the 1990s
      (allowing a 35-year lag period). Substantial increases in importation and later
      production, of chrysotile in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s may lead to increases in
      the incidence of other asbestos-related cancers, not reflected in trends in the
      incidence of MMP.

PMID- 4033488
TI  - Nutritional profile of recruits to a fitness programme.
AB  - Examination of the dietary habits of a group of adults embarking on a two-year
      fitness programme (the "Adelaide 1000") showed that, although many of their
      dietary habits were more consistent with national dietary guidelines than those
      of a comparison community group, their overall intake of nutrients was similar.
      The major difference was a substantially higher rate of dietary supplementation
      with vitamin and mineral preparations in the fitness group. The implications of
      these findings are discussed in relation to public understanding of dietary
      principles and to the provision of practical nutritional guidance in conjunction
      with fitness programmes.

PMID- 4033489
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy.

PMID- 4033490
TI  - The 1984 Hunter Oration.

PMID- 4033491
TI  - Cervical headache.

PMID- 4033493
TI  - Chorionic villus sampling.

PMID- 4033492
TI  - Endoscopic balloon dilatation of biliary strictures.
AB  - The case of a 67-year-old woman who had a long history of recurrent cholangitis
      after repeated biliary tract surgery, and whose clinical course was complicated
      by the development of multiple biliary strictures and secondary biliary
      cirrhosis, is reported. Nasobiliary drainage was used to successfully decompress
      the biliary system and to control infection during an acute episode of
      cholangitis. Subsequent endoscopic, hydrostatic balloon dilatation of the major
      bile-duct strictures resulted in an improvement in her clinical condition which
      was supported by the results of biochemical tests.

PMID- 4033494
TI  - Life-style diseases in aborigines.

PMID- 4033495
TI  - Oestrogen replacement therapy.

PMID- 4033496
TI  - Vaccination, one; maternal rubella, nil.

PMID- 4033498
TI  - Communicating with patients.

PMID- 4033497
TI  - Phenylbutazone.

PMID- 4033499
TI  - Transient childhood myositis.

PMID- 4033500
TI  - Facial muscle spasms and clonazepam.

PMID- 4033501
TI  - Haemophilus in genital tract specimens.

PMID- 4033502
TI  - C. difficile-associated diarrhoea.

PMID- 4033503
TI  - Cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4033504
TI  - Disturbed behaviour in old age.

PMID- 4033506
TI  - Head injury predominance: pedal-cyclists vs motor-cyclists.
AB  - A study of the pattern of head injuries in pedal- and motor-cyclist casualties
      treated at four teaching hospitals in Melbourne was undertaken to determine
      whether significant differences occurred between the two groups. The injuries
      were coded according to the 1980 revision of the Abbreviated Injury Scale of the
      American Association for Automotive Medicine and the data subjected to
      statistical analysis. Although motor-cyclist casualties sustained more severe
      injuries to the body, the results show that pedal-cyclist casualties sustained
      more frequent and severe head injuries. It is considered that the differences are
      due, at least in part, to a far lower use of protective helmets among pedal
      cyclists. Education to increase community awareness of this safety measure
      followed by legislation for the compulsory wearing of approved safety helmets is
      urged.

PMID- 4033505
TI  - Survival of cystic fibrosis patients in South Australia. Evidence that cystic
      fibrosis centre care leads to better survival.
AB  - Life tables were calculated for 205 South Australians with cystic fibrosis. An
      improvement in survival was noted between 1948 and 1982. Ninety-three per cent of
      patients who were diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis after 1973 were alive at 14
      years of age, compared with 40% of those who were diagnosed between 1948 and
      1973. A Cystic Fibrosis Clinic was established in 1973 and much of this
      improvement is attributed to the care provided by this centre. Deaths from
      meconium ileus fell from 58% of infants with this complication between 1948 and
      1973 to only 8% between 1973 and 1983, in spite of the increasing incidence of
      patients who were chronically colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (currently
      68% of patients). These figures are similar to those from Victoria and from other
      cystic fibrosis centres in North America. The improvement in survival means that
      adults now comprise a quarter of the patients with cystic fibrosis in South
      Australia, and that adult institutions need to be aware of these patients and
      their needs.

PMID- 4033507
TI  - An elimination diet for chronic urticaria of childhood.
AB  - Twenty-three children with chronic urticaria were treated with an elimination
      diet for two weeks. Eighteen completed the period of dietary elimination; in
      seven of the 18 children there was a marked remission of the urticaria during the
      second week of the diet. The administration of challenge capsules provoked an
      exacerbation of urticaria in five of the 14 (36%) children given aspirin. The
      incidence of reactions to tartrazine, sodium benzoate and yeast (7%) was not
      significantly different from those to the lactose placebo (9%). In selected
      cases, elimination diets with controlled reintroduction of foods have a role in
      the management of chronic urticaria in childhood.

PMID- 4033509
TI  - Periodontal diseases and smoking.

PMID- 4033508
TI  - A study of 100 consecutive admissions to a psychogeriatric unit.
AB  - A series of 100 consecutive admissions to a psychogeriatric unit in a large
      public psychiatric hospital is described. Fifty-four of these were readmissions.
      Most of the patients presented with moderate to severe acute psychiatric
      disorders, and many of these were admitted under detention orders. Their
      disorders were often readily treatable and most patients returned to their local
      communities in less than three weeks. Unexpectedly, only one-third of patients
      had a primary diagnosis of organic cerebral disorder, and few had received a
      diagnosis from the referring doctor. The principal reason for the referral of
      patients was that they were obviously severely disturbed and disturbing within
      their community. Patients who do not cause a disturbance may thus be
      underdiagnosed and their treatment unnecessarily compromised. The traditional
      system of health care seems to be working well and in the interests of these
      psychogeriatric patients and there is no evidence that radical changes are
      needed.

PMID- 4033511
TI  - The pain of pleasure.

PMID- 4033510
TI  - Peer review--a whiff of grapeshot.

PMID- 4033512
TI  - Abscess of the thyroid gland presenting as a pulsatile mass.
AB  - Thyroid abscess is a rare disorder, particularly since the advent of antibiotic
      agents. A case of thyroid abscess, which developed without systemic disturbance,
      and presented as a pulsatile mass in the neck, is reported. Excision with primary
      closure was followed by uncomplicated recovery, and is suggested as the preferred
      form of management.

PMID- 4033513
TI  - Better Health Commission.

PMID- 4033514
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy in Queensland.

PMID- 4033515
TI  - Cautions on correlation.

PMID- 4033516
TI  - Environmental factors in autoimmunity.

PMID- 4033517
TI  - Choreoathetosis and alcohol withdrawal.

PMID- 4033518
TI  - A simple cure for tennis elbow.

PMID- 4033519
TI  - RSI.

PMID- 4033520
TI  - Chiropractic revisited.

PMID- 4033521
TI  - Directional asymmetry.

PMID- 4033522
TI  - Counter-disaster manual.

PMID- 4033523
TI  - The cancer-related health check-up. A guide for medical practitioners.

PMID- 4033524
TI  - [Epidemiology of coronary disease in Italy: current status of the problem].

PMID- 4033525
TI  - [State and organization of the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Italy].

PMID- 4033526
TI  - [Socio-occupational factors and coronary disease].

PMID- 4033527
TI  - [Intensive coronary care units in Lombardy].

PMID- 4033528
TI  - [Follow-up of patients with myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4033529
TI  - [Proposal for a registry of cardiovascular diseases in the North Milan area].

PMID- 4033530
TI  - [The value of work capacity evaluation in coronary disease patients and their
      return to work].

PMID- 4033531
TI  - [Occupational exposure to styrenes in furniture industry].

PMID- 4033533
TI  - [New trends in occupational medicine in relation to chronic degenerative
      diseases].

PMID- 4033532
TI  - [Chronic tracheobronchitis caused by exposure to alabaster and polyester resin
      dust: 2 case reports].

PMID- 4033534
TI  - [The rheologic properties of blood. New findings from circulatory research].

PMID- 4033535
TI  - [Cataract surgery and lens implantation. Development, present stage and future
      perspectives].

PMID- 4033536
TI  - [Drug allergy. 2. The clinical syndrome and pseudoallergic reactions].

PMID- 4033537
TI  - Influenza prevention for 1985-1986.

PMID- 4033538
TI  - Isolation of polysomes from permissive and non-permissive invertebrate cell lines
      infected with chilo iridescent virus.
AB  - Chilo Iridescent virus (Iridovirus type 6 or CIV) infection results in a
      disaggregation of the heavy polyribosomes both in permissive and non-permissive
      invertebrate cell lines. The integrity of the viral genome is not involved in
      this event, as shown by the polysome absorbance profile on sucrose gradient,
      prepared from cells infected with UV treated virus. Heavy polysomes reappeared in
      permissive infected cells during the viral replication cycle.

PMID- 4033539
TI  - Response rate and survival in myeloma patients receiving prednisone alone.
AB  - Thirty-two evaluable good risk patients with multiple myeloma received a 70-day
      tapering course of prednisone beginning at a dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day. Forty-four
      percent of the patients demonstrated objective evidence of response to this
      treatment. Although the median time to disease progression for the prednisone
      treated group was shorter than for patients randomized to receive prednisone with
      alkylating agents or who were treated with alkylating agent alone, the results
      from this trial indicate that prednisone, by itself, may produce objective
      responses. Caution must be used interpreting trials of new agents in myeloma when
      such treatments are combined with corticosteroid administration.

PMID- 4033541
TI  - Tumors of unknown origin.
AB  - Tumors of unknown origin (TUOs) account for 3% of cancers and represent the
      eighth-most common cancer diagnosis. Although TUOs are commonly classified by
      their histological presentation, examination of the location of the metastases is
      equally important. When the histological type and location of metastases are both
      known, a finite number of common clinical syndromes emerge and one can predict
      the most common occult primaries.

PMID- 4033540
TI  - Comparison of stage IV and IV-S neuroblastoma in the first year of life.
AB  - Clinical staging and factors related to survival were evaluated in 44 stage IV-S
      and 44 stage IV patients with neuroblastoma, ages 0 to 12 months, seen at
      Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) institutions from 1972 to 1979. In 73
      patients with complete surgical staging, the life-table projected survival at 3
      years was 91% for stage IV-S and 44% for stage IV. The only deaths in stage IV-S
      disease occurred in three patients less than 2 months old at diagnosis. In stage
      IV-S, 3 to 12 months old at diagnosis, the disease-free survival was 97%.
      Chemotherapy or radiation therapy did not appear to improve the survival rate in
      stage IV-S. These studies further document a significant clinical and biologic
      difference between patients with stage IV and stage IV-S neuroblastoma and
      suggest that they require different therapeutic management.

PMID- 4033542
TI  - [Effect of biotic factors on the infectivity of ixodid ticks with Coxiella
      burnetii. 1. The significance of the period of tick feeding for the outcome of
      infection].

PMID- 4033544
TI  - [Effectiveness of the multiyear use of traps in controlling gadflies (Diptera,
      Tabanidae) in pastures].

PMID- 4033543
TI  - [Effect of the concentration and number of Anopheles stephensi larvae on their
      mortality as affected by Bacillus thuringiensis].

PMID- 4033545
TI  - [Characteristics of the acaricidal action of cropotex--an inhibitor of tick
      development].

PMID- 4033546
TI  - [History and status of the problem of the development of methods for formulating
      the prognosis of malaria, its vectors and other blood-sucking flies in areas of
      the construction and operation of large hydraulic engineering installations in
      the Ukraine].

PMID- 4033547
TI  - [Fleas in human housing in natural plague foci of the Aral Sea region].

PMID- 4033548
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis at an infectious disease clinic].

PMID- 4033549
TI  - [Rheoencephalographic parameters during development].

PMID- 4033550
TI  - [Secondary sex ratio in Kac and Kovilj over the past 100 years].

PMID- 4033551
TI  - [Relation of the atherosclerosis index and fundus oculi findings in type II
      diabetics].

PMID- 4033553
TI  - [Surgical therapy of carcinoma of the oropharynx].

PMID- 4033552
TI  - [Hearing loss in the area of Senta 1978-82].

PMID- 4033554
TI  - [Hyperbilirubinemia in recruits from the area of Titov Vrbas].

PMID- 4033555
TI  - [Generalized varicelliform herpes zoster].

PMID- 4033556
TI  - [Obscure epileptic states in early childhood].

PMID- 4033558
TI  - [Case report of myoma of the broad ligament of the uterus].

PMID- 4033557
TI  - [Partial pharyngo-laryngectomy in the treatment of isolated stenosis of the
      hypopharynx].

PMID- 4033559
TI  - [The effect of dihydroergotoxin (Redergin tablets, 4.5 mg) on blood pressure and
      left ventricular function in patients with essential hypertension].

PMID- 4033560
TI  - [The gynecologist in the planning of health education in schools].

PMID- 4033561
TI  - [Tropical endemic parasitoses: yesterday, today and--probably tomorrow].

PMID- 4033562
TI  - [HDL-cholesterol values in childhood].

PMID- 4033563
TI  - [Results of Hemoccult screening of 45- to 65-year-old residents of the town of
      Ada with the goal of early detection of malignant neoplasms of the colon and
      rectum].

PMID- 4033564
TI  - [The effect of emotional stress on diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4033565
TI  - [Prevention of injuries in children with a review of the approach used in
      Subotica].

PMID- 4033566
TI  - [Health education as a continuous activity at all levels of health care].

PMID- 4033567
TI  - [Effect of the use of alcohol and smoking on an increase in the number of
      recurrences during treatment for psoriasis].

PMID- 4033568
TI  - [Tumors of the eyelid in the elderly].

PMID- 4033569
TI  - [Primary multiple synchronous homologous malignant tumors of the endometrium].

PMID- 4033570
TI  - [Artane psychoses].

PMID- 4033571
TI  - [A domestic epidemic of botulism--diagnostic problems].

PMID- 4033572
TI  - [Illusion and reality in gout].

PMID- 4033573
TI  - [Skull fractures in children].

PMID- 4033574
TI  - [Endocrinologically-induced changes in the oral cavity during pregnancy].

PMID- 4033576
TI  - [Incidence of deviations in body posture in school-age children and young people
      of various ages].

PMID- 4033575
TI  - [Results of a questionnaire method of early detection of breast cancer in the
      town of Ada in 1982].

PMID- 4033577
TI  - [Modern approach to the therapy of depression].

PMID- 4033578
TI  - [Ambulatory treatment of cervical polyps].

PMID- 4033579
TI  - [Acute infections after cataract surgery].

PMID- 4033580
TI  - [Postcoital contraception].

PMID- 4033581
TI  - [Tumors of the parotid gland].

PMID- 4033582
TI  - Characteristics of cobalt-60 penumbral regions.
AB  - Ionization chambers with wall materials of various electron densities have been
      employed to investigate the penumbral region of a cobalt-60 beam of side length
      10 cm. Measurements were made in air with chambers of various inside diameters.
      The homogeneous walls of the ionization chambers were 0.5 g/cm2 in thickness.
      Extrapolation techniques to zero inside diameter and to infinite density were
      used, respectively, to eliminate the effect of the inside diameter of the chamber
      and to determine the penumbral photon-fluence distribution. The method also
      quantitates both the penumbral primary-dose profiles in water-equivalent media
      and the degradation of these profiles in media of low electron density.

PMID- 4033583
TI  - Spectral transmittance and contrast in breast diaphanography.
AB  - Diaphanography is an imaging technique using transillumination with visible and
      near-infrared radiation, and a video camera, to diagnose breast disease,
      including cancer. Originally based on luminance contrast only, there is now
      interest in false-color multispectral imaging in selected spectral bands to
      improve tissue differentiation. Some success has been achieved, but the
      scientific basis for the results was unknown. This research is concerned with
      measurements of the diffuse transmittance of breast tissues as a function of
      wavelength in the 600-1060 nm range (and calculations of contrast with a one
      dimensional diffusion theory model). Carcinoma and glandular tissues were found
      to have similar spectral transmittances with an increase in transmittance between
      750 and 900 nm, and an absorption window around 960 nm. Adipose tissue showed a
      distinct transmittance minimum at 930 nm. In vivo measurement of an intact normal
      breast showed a minimum at about 825 nm, as yet unexplained. The transmittance
      data and reflectance data were used to derive the scattering and absorption
      coefficients. The diffusion length was also determined from radiance versus depth
      measurements. These coefficients were used for calculations of contrast in a one
      dimensional slab model, with and without a layer of cancerous tissue positioned
      between two slabs of normal tissue.

PMID- 4033584
TI  - Nuclear resonance scattering measurement of human iron stores.
AB  - Hepatic iron stores were measured noninvasively in 31 patients (thalassemia,
      hemodialysis, hemosiderosis, refractory anemia) with suspected iron overload,
      employing a nuclear resonance scattering (NRS) technique. The thalassemia
      patients were undergoing desferrioxamine chelation therapy during the NRS
      measurements. The hemodialysis patients were measured before chelation therapy.
      Iron levels measured by NRS were in general agreement with those determined in
      liver biopsies by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, NRS measurements
      from the thorax of some of these patients suggest that this method may also prove
      useful for clinical assessment of cardiac iron.

PMID- 4033585
TI  - Calculation of radiation doses for nonuniformity distributed beta and gamma
      radionuclides in soft tissue.
AB  - In cancer radioimmunotherapy nonuniform distributions of radionuclides in
      geometrically irregular tumor volumes will be encountered. If the tumor is
      surrounded by a homogeneous layer of soft tissue, the radiation dose distribution
      in the tumor due to a beta-emitting nuclide can be calculated by convolution of
      the appropriate Loevinger's point source dose function, J, with the nuclide
      concentration distribution. Computer programs using fast Fourier transform
      techniques have been developed to evaluate the three-dimensional spatial
      convolution accurately and efficiently. Equivalent techniques have also been
      applied to gamma-emitting nuclides by replacing J in the convolution by the
      photon point isotropic specific absorbed fraction. Illustrative results are
      presented for the radiation dose distribution in a 1-ml target volume with
      activity distribution which is (i) uniform, (ii) limited by diffusion into the
      target volume, or (iii) limited by diffusion and shedding of radionuclide in the
      peripheral layers of the target volume. Calculations for the three cases are
      presented for 32P, 131I, and 15-, 30-, and 100-keV photon emitters.

PMID- 4033586
TI  - A multiple-pulse sequence for improved selective excitation in magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - A new framework for selective excitation that offers simpler design and better
      performance than conventional excitation methods is introduced. The guidelines
      for choosing the appropriate radiofrequency (rf) pulse envelope in a conventional
      selective excitation sequence often rely on Fourier analysis, leading to less
      than desirable results. Although providing useful insight, Fourier analysis of
      the rf pulse envelope determines the resultant slice shape accurately only for
      small flip-angle excitations, and not for larger flip-angle excitations owing to
      the generally nonlinear behavior of the spin system. In the new excitation
      framework, additional excitation pulses (typically one) are applied in sequence
      with the conventional pulse to improve the performance (in phase characteristics
      and slice definition) over that achieved by the conventional pulse alone. Given a
      desired spatial spin distribution and an associated rf pulse (e.g., Fourier
      transform pairs), the Bloch equation is solved backwards to yield the starting
      distribution required for the conventional pulse to give exactly the desired
      output. If this residual distribution is a small flip angle away from the actual
      starting distribution, then Fourier analysis of the residual distribution leads
      to the necessary "setup" pulse. A gradient of opposite polarity during the setup
      obviates a refocusing interval after the setup pulse. Computer simulations have
      verified the efficacy of the multiple-pulse excitation sequence for both 90
      degrees and 180 degrees excitations.

PMID- 4033587
TI  - A new digital tomosynthesis method with less artifacts for angiography.
AB  - A new nonlinear reconstruction method for tomosynthesis is described. This method
      is suited for "dilute" objects, i.e., objects in which most of the voxels have
      negligibly small absorption. Images of blood vessels filled with contrast
      material approximate this condition if the background is subtracted. The
      technique has been tested experimentally using a wire phantom and a prepared
      human heart. The results show significantly less artifacts than the well-known
      back projection. It is possible to get diagnostic image quality with a few
      projections. The reconstruction algorithm can be realized with dedicated real
      time hardware.

PMID- 4033588
TI  - A simplified approach for modulation transfer function determinations in computed
      tomography.
AB  - In order to determine the modulation transfer functions (MTF's) for x-ray
      computed tomography (CT) scanners, a measurement must be performed to obtain
      either the point spread function (PSF) or the line spread function (LSF).
      Thereafter, the usual procedure is to interpolate between the measured points and
      to determine the Fourier transforms numerically in order to obtain the MTF. Since
      this must usually be done many times to evaluate various reconstruction kernels
      and scan modalities, the process is tedious. Fortunately, it can be greatly
      simplified by utilizing a mathematical function to describe the PSF or LSF.
      Measured data for five CT scanners indicates that the PSF can usually be
      described by a Gaussian function. Hence, the MTF can be written in a generalized
      form eliminating the necessity of performing Fourier transformations each time.
      The MTF is determined directly from a single performance characteristic related
      to the full width at half maximum. The accuracy of the approach is compared with
      detailed MTF calculations for five CT scanners and it is shown to agree favorably
      with this data.

PMID- 4033589
TI  - The effect of anode curvature on radiographic heel effect.
AB  - Previous computer modeling of radiographic heel effect has shown that a simple
      model can give an accurate representation of heel effect for flat anode surfaces.
      This paper details the extension of this model to allow curved anode surfaces. A
      fixed-anode x-ray tube with a demountable anode was constructed and used to test
      the predictions of the computational model at 25 kVp using stainless-steel
      anodes. The computer model was also used to estimate the magnitude of the heel
      effect for a tungsten anode at 60 kVp. This work allows determination of the
      effect of anode curvature, which is an inherent feature of certain recently
      proposed tube designs for scanning slit radiography.

PMID- 4033590
TI  - Quantitative assessment of bone mineral by photon scattering: accuracy and
      precision considerations.
AB  - A method to determine the bone mineral density of the calcaneum has been reported
      earlier by our laboratory. In this method, the calcaneum is irradiated by a 60
      keV photon beam from 241Am source and both the coherent and Compton scattered
      photons are detected by a high-purity Ge detector. The bone mineral density is
      determined by measuring the ratio of coherent-to-Compton scattered photons. The
      accuracy and the precision (in vitro) of the method are reported in this paper.
      The accuracy was determined to be 5%. This was obtained by comparing the bone
      mineral density values of cadaver calcanea measured directly by Archimedes'
      volume displacement method with the values measured by the scattering method. The
      precision was determined to be 3% by measuring the bone mineral density of a
      calibration phantom intermittently over a ten-month period by the scattering
      method.

PMID- 4033591
TI  - Performance of antiscatter grids in diagnostic radiology: experimental
      measurements and Monte Carlo simulation studies.
AB  - We have devised an experimental method with which one can accurately measure the
      transmission of primary radiation and the transmission of total radiation by an
      antiscatter grid in a setting similar to a practical radiographic examination. We
      measured the transmission values for 27 combinations of x-ray tube potentials,
      phantom thicknesses, screen-film systems, and grid parameters. The standard
      deviation of one measurement was estimated to be 2.9% and 1.5% for the total and
      primary transmissions, respectively. The measured grid transmission was compared
      with results predicted by our Monte Carlo calculations; 92% of the measured and
      calculated values agree within two standard deviations. This close agreement
      indicates that our Monte Carlo calculation can accurately predict the performance
      of antiscatter grids under diagnostic imaging conditions.

PMID- 4033592
TI  - Photodynamic and photohyperthermic response of malignant tumors.
AB  - This work presents an analytical dosimetry model for photodynamic therapy of
      malignant tumors. A hyperthermic contribution originating from the absorption of
      optical irradiation in the tissue may be equally taken into account. The model
      has been used to analyze tumor response during photodynamic therapy of an in vivo
      murine tumor. This tumor model was C3H/Tif mammary adenocarcinoma in C3D2F1/Bom
      mouse strain.

PMID- 4033593
TI  - Quantitative assessment of bone mineral by photon scattering: calibration
      considerations.
AB  - The ratio of the coherent-to-Compton photons scattered from bone can be used to
      measure its mineral density. Conversion of this ratio (R) to bone mineral density
      (BMD) requires calibration using bone simulating phantoms. The widely used
      aqueous solution of K2HPO4 proved unsatisfactory for calibration purposes when
      using the coherent-to-Compton technique. These solutions differ markedly in their
      scatter spectra and composition from trabecular bone. In this study a new and
      more realistic series of phantoms is proposed which simulates well the trabecular
      bone of the calcaneum. These phantoms are made of bone ash suspended in white
      petrolatum in varying concentrations. A calibration curve has been established
      using these phantoms with a range of BMD values of 0 to 347 mg/cm3. The scatter
      spectra, and range of R values and BMD of these phantoms are in very good
      agreement with those of real trabecular bone. A measuring device has been built
      for the determination of the BMD of the calcaneum by using the established
      calibration curve.

PMID- 4033594
TI  - Microdensitometry using a slide projector.
AB  - We have evaluated a simple microdensitometer concept by Stanton et al. for
      measurements of dose distributions with high spatial resolution. A magnified
      image of the film is created by a slide projector and its light intensity
      measured with a photomultiplier with a small aperture. The projector is placed on
      a movable stage to allow scanning of the film. A resolution of 17 micron (full
      width at half maximum of the line spread function) was achieved in the film
      plane.

PMID- 4033595
TI  - Diagnostic overkill.

PMID- 4033596
TI  - The statistical analysis of distribution of blood deposits in arterial prostheses
      after short-term exposure to reduced blood flow in dogs: a computerized study
      using radioisotopes.
AB  - This study was undertaken to analyse the distribution pattern of blood elements
      deposits in 15 cases of vascular prostheses submitted, ex vivo, to reduced blood
      flow in a canine model. Autologous blood platelets labeled with Indium-111 and
      human 125 Iodinated fibrinogen were injected into the animals. Ten minutes later,
      the blood flow in the aorta was reduced to 50 ml/min and the prostheses (Woven
      DeBakey, 30 cm long and 6 mm internal diameter), were implanted as substitutes
      for the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The blood flow was then reestablished to 50
      ml/min and controlled throughout the entire experiment. When a thrombosis
      occurred, or after 4 hours of low blood circulation, the prosthesis was
      collected, weighted and chemically fixed, and the radioactivity was measured by
      means of a two-channel gamma scintillation counter. These data were then
      formatted and processed by a special computer program. Final values were
      processed for graphical representation and analysed statistically. Results show a
      lack of correlation between weight of thrombotic matrix, platelet accumulation,
      and fibrin deposits retained from one animal to the other. There is, though, an
      appearance of a complex interrelationship between the mean pattern of
      longitudinal distribution of these elements, which shall be qualified as
      contagious distal accumulation of the deposits. The influence of each animals'
      blood characteristics, as evaluated by means of regression analysis, account for
      40 to 60% of the interindividual variance in blood deposits. Data corrections
      following evidence of undesirable influences due to uncontrolled parameters are
      presented. This experimental method permits simultaneous graphical representation
      of the distribution of several elements in the thrombotic matrix, and at the same
      time an elaborate numerical analysis of their longitudinal distribution and total
      accumulation. The method is easy to use, does not require sophisticated
      equipment, and is less expensive than scintigraphy.

PMID- 4033597
TI  - An electromagnetic distance measuring system.
AB  - A new accurate method to determine the myocardial deformation during the cardiac
      cycle in vivo is described. The system is based upon the mutual inductance
      principle, yet with transducers which consist of three perpendicular coils,
      yielding a spherical radiation and sensing characteristic. Thus the system is
      invariant with regard to rotational movements of the transducers. Residual angle
      dependences of the transducers can cause deviations of the recorded distance up
      to 4%. The output voltage is linear with the distance, with an accuracy better
      than 1%. The frequency response is set to 100 Hz (-3 dB). Zero drift doesn't
      exceed 0.5% after 24 hours. Measurements are not restricted to radiation
      propagating media, thus they can be performed in air, inside or outside of any
      biological object. For studies of regional myocardial performance in the left
      ventricle spherical transducers were designed with a diameter of 1.5 mm and a
      measuring range between 5 and 25 mm and flat surface transducers (5 mm diameter,
      1.5 mm height) with a measuring range between 15 and 200 mm.

PMID- 4033598
TI  - The measurement of systolic time intervals. A microprocessor based system for
      long-term registration of the impedance cardiogram and the systolic time
      intervals.
AB  - The systolic time intervals (STI) are reliable parameters for the
      characterization of left ventricular heart function. The non-invasive methods for
      the determination of STI are here introduced and compared. The disadvantage of
      all these methods is their manual evaluation of time intervals which makes a
      continuous monitoring of STI impossible. Therefore, a microprocessor based system
      was developed for the automatic registration of STI, stroke time volume (SV) and
      heart rate from the impedance cardiogram (ICG) and the electrocardiogram (ECG).
      In this article the preliminary results are discussed of the long-term monitoring
      of these parameters with the help of this device.

PMID- 4033599
TI  - Flow resistance of endotracheal tubes during kinking and compression. An
      experimental study.
AB  - Kinking and compression of endotracheal tubes may lead to serious problems. Such
      complications are assumed to occur more often for smaller endotracheal tubes used
      in adult practise in order to reduce to trauma of intubation. The effect of
      kinking and compression on the air-flow through PVC endotracheal tubes of various
      dimensions (inner diameter 6, 7, 8 and 9 mm) and types (manufactured by National
      Catheters, Portex and Shiley) has been studied in an experimental model. All
      tubes could be kinked surprisingly much before a measurable flow hindrance
      occurred. Only small differences were measured between different dimensions and
      types. In contrast smaller endotracheal tubes were considerable less resistant to
      edge compression than larger dimensions.

PMID- 4033600
TI  - Active and passive components of NaCl absorption in the proximal convoluted
      tubule of the rat kidney.
AB  - The active and passive components of NaCl absorption were examined in doubly
      perfused proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) of the rat kidney. When anion
      concentration gradients were generated by perfusing the lumen with a high
      chloride, low bicarbonate solution and the peritubular capillaries with a
      complete solution resembling plasma ultrafiltrate, volume absorption (JV) was
      1.79 nl/mm/min and estimated chloride absorption (JCl) was 270 pEq/mm/min. When
      anion gradients were eliminated by perfusing the peritubular capillaries with a
      high chloride solution, JV was reduced to 0.91 nl/mm/min and JCl to 140
      pEq/mm/min. These residual rates of absorption were reduced to zero by removing
      potassium from the perfusates. In the presence of anion gradients, removal of
      potassium reduced JV from 1.79 to 0.60 nl/mm/min and JCl from 270 to 90
      pEq/mm/min. It is concluded that: (1) when PCT lumen are perfused with high
      chloride solution and the peritubular capillaries perfused with an ultrafiltrate
      like solution, approximately 50% of NaCl and water absorption is passive, driven
      by the anion gradients, and 50% is active; (2) when PCT lumen and peritubular
      capillaries are both perfused with high chloride solution, anion gradients are
      absent and all NaCl absorption is active.

PMID- 4033601
TI  - Na to Cl permeability in newborn rabbit superficial and juxtamedullary proximal
      convoluted tubules.
AB  - It has been previously demonstrated that superficial (SF) versus juxtamedullary
      (JM) proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) of rabbit have different intrinsic
      transport characteristics: Na is less permeable than Cl in the latter portions of
      the SFPCT, while Cl is less permeable than Na throughout the JMPCT. These
      permeability differences have major influences on the mechanism of salt
      reabsorption across the proximal tubules. However, both populations of PCT have
      the same embryological origin. Studies therefore were designed to examine whether
      two distinct populations of PCT exist at birth or whether a second population of
      tubules develops with delivery as a result of some unidentified acute change in
      humoral factor affecting epithelial transport properties. Both morphological and
      electrophysiological studies were conducted on PCTs from rabbits within 36 h of
      birth. Both transmission and scanning electron microscopy studies clearly
      disclosed that SFPCT are less mature than the JMPCT. Also the SFPCT had a lower
      Na permeability than Cl (0.55 +/- 0.06) while the JMPCT had a higher Na
      permeability than Cl (1.37 +/- 0.11). Thus these studies demonstrate that
      intrinsic heterogeneity of PCT is present at birth. Since the SF Na to Cl
      permeability approximates that of free diffusion these studies suggest that
      epithelial discrimination in PCT is part of a maturation process.

PMID- 4033602
TI  - The role of complement in the pathogenesis of postischemic acute renal failure.
AB  - One hour occlusion of total renal blood flow results in oliguric acute renal
      failure as defined by an abrupt and severe diminution in glomerular filtration
      rate. In rats, after 1-2 h of such ischemia, the acute renal failure which
      follows is characterized by decreased renal blood flow and by intratubular
      obstruction with necrotic cellular debris. The present study has examined the
      possible role of the complement system in the development of this model of acute
      renal failure. Immunoreactive C3 was extensively localized within necrotic
      tubular epithelial cells and the walls of small muscular arteries in reperfused
      kidneys after 1 h of total renal ischemia. Depletion of complement by the
      administration of cobra venom factor 18 h prior to the induction of ischemia
      abrogated C3 localization and significantly attenuated the subsequent fall in
      renal blood flow following reperfusion but did not alter the oliguria or marked
      fall in glomerular filtration.

PMID- 4033603
TI  - Microinjection study of renal calcium absorption in the phosphate-depleted rat.
AB  - Tracer microinjection studies were performed in chronically phosphate-depleted
      (CPD) and phosphate-supplemented (PS) rats in order to determine the site of the
      defect in calcium absorption which developed in CPD. Calcium recovery in the
      final urine was significantly higher in CPD than in PS rats after microinjections
      into the early and the late proximal tubules. However, there was no significant
      difference in the urinary recovery between the two groups after injection into
      the early and late distal convoluted tubules. The difference in calcium recovery
      in late proximal studies persisted during PTH infusion. This indicates that there
      is a defect in calcium absorption in phosphate-depleted rats between late
      proximal and early distal tubules, which is not correctable with PTH infusion.

PMID- 4033604
TI  - Recurrence after a single renal stone in a community practice.
AB  - The natural history of recurrence of kidney stones was studied in a community
      urology practice, in which treatment with agents such as thiazide, allopurinol or
      oral phosphate has not been consistent or widespread. Using life-table analysis,
      the mean interval to first recurrence was 8.8 +/- 1.2 years and was not
      influenced by gender, age at first occurrence, or family history of stones. The
      tempo of recurrence justifies an individual approach to evaluation and treatment.

PMID- 4033605
TI  - [Statistical evaluation of neonatal mortality in the 20-year period between 1960
      1980].

PMID- 4033606
TI  - [Analysis of immunoglobulins and secretory components in the saliva of children,
      before and after adenotonsillectomy].

PMID- 4033607
TI  - [Chronic cor pulmonale caused by hypertrophy of Waldeyer's lymphatic ring in an
      achondroplasic subject].

PMID- 4033608
TI  - [A rare case of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome in childhood].

PMID- 4033609
TI  - [A rare case of cavernous hemangioma of the bladder].

PMID- 4033610
TI  - [Congenital pulmonary cystic adenomatous malformation with onset in the neonatal
      period].

PMID- 4033611
TI  - [Suspected case of malignant hyperthermia of sporadic onset].

PMID- 4033612
TI  - Renal capsular leiomyoma causing painless microscopic hematuria. An unusual
      manifestation of a rare tumor.

PMID- 4033613
TI  - Retroperitoneal liposarcoma.

PMID- 4033615
TI  - Drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4033614
TI  - Ammoniated mercury membranous nephropathy.

PMID- 4033616
TI  - Metastatic cancer of unknown primary.

PMID- 4033617
TI  - Commentary on the Minnesota Medical Association's do-not-resuscitate guidelines.

PMID- 4033618
TI  - Institutional ethics committee's roles, responsibilities, and benefits for
      physicians. Committee on Ethics and Medical-legal Affairs.

PMID- 4033619
TI  - Physicians contemplate the ethics and economics of health care. Report of the MMA
      Ad Hoc Work Group on "Price of Life" report.

PMID- 4033620
TI  - MMIE malpractice claim review. Oncology. MMIE Risk Management Committee.

PMID- 4033621
TI  - [Clinical significance of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activities in
      surgery].
AB  - Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (U-NAG) activities were measured in 62
      patients surgically treated in our clinic. The results obtained were as follows:
      The preoperative U-NAG activities were 9.53 +/- 8.63 IU/day in patients in
      elective operations, and 31.39 +/- 23.47 IU/day in cases in emergency surgery or
      exploratory laparotomies. The U-NAG activities were elevated slightly even in
      patients with no postoperative complications, suggesting there was significant
      damage to the renal tubular epithelium. In the patients with postoperative
      complications, the U-NAG activities were elevated markedly, especially in those
      with circulatory shock, suggesting severe damage to the renal tubular epithelium.
      Though the U-NAG showed abnormally high activities, the values of BUN, S-Cr, U
      protein, UUN/BUN, FENa, Ccr, CH2O remained within the normal range. On the
      contrary, when they were abnormal, the U-NAG activities were not elevated. All
      patients, who showed high U-NAG activities with abnormal values of Ccr and/or
      CH2O, developed acute renal failure (ARF). In order to detect ARF in an early
      stage, Ccr and CH2O should be measured when U-NAG activities rose to over 50
      IU/day.

PMID- 4033622
TI  - [A histopathologic study of the disseminated peritoneal metastasis of gastric
      cancer].
AB  - A total of 117 cases of gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis was subjected
      to gross observation and histopathologic examination of metastatic lesion to
      clarify whether the metastases change in morphology along with time. When the
      patterns of gross morphology were classified by the time of ascertainment, the
      disseminated or scattered nodule type occupied 94% in the time of first surgery,
      which were reduced to 74% in relapse or recurrence. Postmortem examined cases
      showed very high incidences of the diffuse infiltration type. In 12 cases
      receiving laparotomy twice, the nodule type was outstanding in the first surgery
      and in recurrence, while the infiltration type was noted in relapse and at
      autopsy. These are indicative of chronologic transition of gross appearances of
      peritoneal metastases along with the development of cancer. Histopathologic
      observations suggested that when poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (especially
      of the scirrhous and intermediate type) was metastasized intraperitoneally, the
      metastases were of the nodule type first, and then gradually proceeded into the
      infiltration type. When well differentiated adenocarcinoma or poorly
      differentiated adenocarcinoma of the medullary type were metastasized, they
      formed nodular type metastasis, however, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of
      the scirrhous type recognized as the morphologic subtype of carcinoma in the
      primary lesion proliferated later. These metastases might be infiltrate
      proliferated superiorly, which have presumably produced time changes in their
      gross appearance.

PMID- 4033623
TI  - [The significance of the measurement of a serum gonadotropin-like substance in
      gastric cancer].
AB  - The serum concentration of hCG and CEA in 277 gastric cancers was extensively
      studied. 8.6% for hCG and 18% for CEA were regarded as positive. 9.4% of patients
      showed elevated serum level for both hCG and CEA, on the other hand 7% of the
      patients showed high hCG only. All of hCG positive patients had severe lymph
      nodal involvement. All cases of hCG positive and 85% of CEA positive cases were
      classified as stage 4. Macroscopically, 85% of hCG positive cases and 40% of CEA
      positive cases showed generalized type. Histological type was poorly
      differentiated adenocarcinoma in 72% of tumors with elevated serum hCG level, but
      in only 35% of tumors with elevated serum CEA level. The content of hCG subunits
      in serum and tumor showed different levels among patients. The hCG positive cases
      did not reveal endocrine symptom. The prognosis of these patients with elevated
      serum hCG and CEA level were poor. One year survival rates were 0% and 30%,
      respectively. These results showed that both hCG and CEA, especially when used in
      combination, was potentially useful marker for determination of staging,
      recurrence and prognosis in gastric cancer.

PMID- 4033624
TI  - [Influence of post-vagotomy duodenogastric reflux on gastric mucosal structure].
AB  - There has not come to any definite conclusion on morphological changes in post
      vagotomy gastric mucosa. And, it was reported that duodenogastric reflux in
      consequence of pyloroplasty or gastroenterostomy could aggravate these gastric
      mucosal changes. To elucidate this problem, 34 Wistar male rats were subjected to
      either truncal vagotomy, duodenogastric reflux procedure (transection of the
      lower part of the duodenum and gastrojejunostomy), or truncal vagotomy with
      duodenogastric reflux procedure. After 12 weeks, rats were killed for histologic
      studies of gastric mucosa. Rats subjected to vagotomy with duodenogastric reflux
      procedure showed marked atrophy of gastric glands, reduction in number of
      parietal cells and gastrin cells, formation of small ulcer, and generation of
      heterotopic glands. Rats subjected to duodenogastric reflux also showed chronic
      ulceration in the prepyloric region on the lesser curvature and hyperplasia of
      gastric glands. However, no remarkable changes were observed in the stomach of
      rats with vagotomy. These results indicate that chronic influence of postvagotomy
      duodenogastric reflux can lead to severe gastritis as well as altered structure
      of gastric mucosa.

PMID- 4033625
TI  - [Significance of cross-circulation on obstructive jaundice in rats with special
      reference to the mitochondrial function of the liver and kidney].
AB  - Cross-circulation was performed to investigate the mitochondrial respiratory
      function of the liver and kidney in rats after 1, 2 and 3 weeks of biliary
      obstruction. Serum bilirubin and total bile acids concentration in blood in rats
      with biliary obstruction markedly decreased with 3 hours cross-circulation. There
      demonstrated, however, no significant change in mitochondrial function in the
      liver after cross-circulation. In contrast, mitochondrial function in the kidney
      showed significant improvement after 3 hours cross-circulation. Mitochondrial
      respiratory function in normal partner rats cross-circulation with jaundiced rats
      demonstrated temporal deterioration in the kidney and prolonged deterioration in
      the liver. It can be concluded that cross-circulation or plasma exchange might be
      useful for the prevention of renal failure in obstructive jaundice, since cross
      circulation induced persistent improvement of the mitochondrial respiratory
      function in the kidney deteriorated by biliary obstruction.

PMID- 4033626
TI  - [Systemic hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in acute portal vein occlusion and
      following restoration of portal vein flow in canines].
AB  - This study was undertaken in order to clarify the influence of acute portal vein
      occlusion (PVO) and the following restoration of portal vein flow (R-PVF) in
      adult mongrel dogs. Acute abnormality was observed on systemic circulation and
      oxygen metabolism quickly after PVO, causing the shock to dogs. The hypovolemia
      causing by splanchnic sequestration was the leading cause at the early stage. As
      the occlusion time was extended, the cardiac function was lowered and the oxygen
      metabolism was destroyed. Using Anthron bypass catheter between portal and
      femoral veins during the PVO, the intestinal blood congestion was prevented and
      the influence on the oxygen metabolism was slight. After R-PVF, the cardiac
      functional deterioration and deficient compensation of oxygen metabolism were
      observed, which were more worsened as the occlusion time was longer. The
      simultaneous occlusion of the portal vein and superior mesenteric artery failed
      to improve the deterioration of systemic circulation and oxygen metabolism. No
      improvement of prognosis of dogs was found either. On the contrary, the systemic
      circulation was improved through the administration of dobutamine during PVO and
      after R-PVF, the improvement of systemic circulation and oxygen metabolism was
      also improved and the prognosis of dogs was improved.

PMID- 4033627
TI  - [The evaluation of the nutritional condition and the absorptive capacity in long
      term follow-up of infants with short bowel syndrome].
AB  - The nutritional conditions and absorptive capacity of nine infants with short
      bowel syndrome were investigated during a long follow-up period from one and half
      years to 14 years and 7 months. The length of the residual small intestine ranged
      between 13 and 90cm. The nine infants had normal meals at home and did not suffer
      from persistent diarrhea. Most of the infants were thin. Nutritional conditions,
      for example, serum protein, triglycerides, vitamins, trace elements and plasma
      amino acids, were kept relatively well, and there were no symptoms of deficiency.
      The results of D-xylose absorption test had gradually improved but the absorptive
      capacity of sugars and amino acids observed by potential differences were within
      the normal limits or slightly subnormal except one infant. This indicated that
      the absorptive capacity of sugars and amino acids per a given area of the
      residual small intestine did not increase. From our examination the critical
      length of intestine might be in the neighborhood of 50cm. The infants left with
      less than 50cm of small intestine seem to have grown up normally but
      malabsorption of fat, sugars and bile acids have continued for many years.

PMID- 4033628
TI  - [Successful surgical management of extracranial high internal carotid aneurysm. A
      case report].
AB  - A 76 year-old woman visited our university hospital with a complaints of
      dysphagia of 3 months duration and was discovered to have a right internal
      carotid aneurysm protruding to the right side of the larynx. A day prior to
      admission, dysarthria and left hemiparesis occurred with sudden onset. These
      ischemic attacks spontaneously remitted within 48 hours. A carotid arteriogram
      showed a saccular aneurysm located high in the right internal carotid artery.
      Four days after admission, aneurysmectomy with end-to-end anastomosis was carried
      out with the temporary internal shunt under the induced hypertension. There was
      no sign of ischemic brain damage after the operation. But she suffered from
      dysphagia due to the NO. 9, 10, and 12 cerebral nerve palsies, which took 5
      months to recover completely. Despite several difficulties in the operation for a
      highly located internal carotid aneurysm, we emphasize in this report the
      necessity of aneurysmectomy and the establishment of vascular continuity with the
      aid of internal shunt to prevent the ischemic brain damage.

PMID- 4033630
TI  - High affinity binding of [3H]acetylcholine to muscarinic receptors. Regional
      distribution and modulation by guanine nucleotides.
AB  - The interaction of [3H]acetylcholine ([3H]AcCh) with the muscarinic receptor was
      studied in seven distinct rat brain regions and in heart atrium by employing 10
      microM atropine to define specific binding. The specific binding exhibited by the
      labeled neurotransmitter was found to be sensitive to muscarinic but not to
      nicotinic drugs. The muscarinic high affinity agonist-binding sites were
      characterized with respect to their binding properties, regional distribution,
      pharmacology, and modulation by guanyl nucleotides and by transition metal ions.
      In all tissues examined, specific binding of [3H]AcCh was saturable over the
      range of 4-200 nM and occurred in a receptor population that was apparently
      homogeneous and had a dissociation constant of approximately 19-39 nM in most of
      the regions. The ratio of muscarinic receptors labeled by [3H]AcCh to those
      labeled by the potent antagonist [3H]N-methyl-4-piperidylbenzilate varied
      markedly among tissues, from 0.15 in the hippocampus to 0.71 in the atrium. This
      ratio was lower in brain regions rich in muscarinic receptors, where smaller
      sensitivity of [3H]AcCh binding to guanyl nucleotides was also observed. In the
      presence of the latter [3H]AcCh binding was decreased by 25 to 90% in different
      tissues, with the greatest decreases occurring in the atrium and brainstem. In
      the latter preparations, transition metal ions do not affect [3H] AcCh binding,
      while in the other preparations studied they induce an increase in the binding
      capacity for the labeled neurotransmitter, which is sensitive to guanine
      nucleotides.

PMID- 4033629
TI  - Isozyme selectivity of the inhibition of rat liver cytochromes P-450 by
      chloramphenicol in vivo.
AB  - The isozyme-selectivity of chloramphenicol as an inhibitor of rat liver
      cytochromes P-450 has been investigated. Untreated rats and rats treated with the
      inducers phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile,
      and clofibrate have been injected intraperitoneally with chloramphenicol, and
      inhibition of specific cytochrome P-450 isozymes has been assessed by monitoring
      the metabolism of warfarin, testosterone, isosafrole, or lauric acid in
      subsequently prepared hepatic microsomal preparations. Of eight major cytochrome
      P-450 isozymes which could be monitored in this fashion, three were inhibited by
      more than 50% by a dose of chloramphenicol of 300 mg/kg, whereas no evidence of
      inhibition of the remaining isozymes was obtained. P-450PB-C, an isozyme which is
      present in significant amounts in untreated rats and which is induced
      approximately 2-fold by phenobarbital, was the most susceptible cytochrome P-450
      to inhibition by chloramphenicol both in vivo and in vitro. P-450PB-B, the major
      phenobarbital-inducible isozyme, and P-450UT-A, a male-specific testosterone 2
      alpha- and 16 alpha-hydroxylase, were intermediate in their susceptibility to
      chloramphenicol. In contrast, the major isozymes induced by beta-naphthoflavone,
      pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile, and clofibrate, as well as a constitutive
      testosterone 7 alpha-hydroxylase, were not inhibited by chloramphenicol.

PMID- 4033631
TI  - Mechanisms of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine cytotoxicity.
AB  - N-Acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a reactive metabolite of acetaminophen,
      rapidly reacts at physiological pH with glutathione (GSH) forming an
      acetaminophen-glutathione conjugate and stoichiometric amounts of acetaminophen
      and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The same reaction products are formed in
      isolated hepatocytes incubated with NAPQI. In hepatocytes which have been treated
      with 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in order to inhibit glutathione
      reductase, the initial rise in GSSG concentration in the presence of NAPQI is
      maintained, whereas GSSG is rapidly reduced back to GSH in untreated hepatocytes.
      Oxidation by NAPQI of GSH to GSSG and the reduction of GSSG back to GSH by the
      NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase appear to be responsible for the rapid
      oxidation of NADPH that occurs in hepatocytes incubated with NAPQI in that the
      effect is blocked by pretreatment of cells with BCNU. When added to hepatocytes,
      NAPQI not only reacts with GSH but also causes a loss in protein thiol groups.
      The loss in protein thiols occurs more rapidly in cells pretreated with BCNU or
      diethylmaleate. Whereas both of these treatments enhance cytotoxicity caused by
      NAPQI, BCNU pretreatment has no effect on the covalent binding of [14C-ring]NAPQI
      to cellular proteins. Furthermore, dithiothreitol added to isolated hepatocytes
      after maximal covalent binding of [14C-ring]NAPQI but preceding cell death
      protects cells from cytotoxicity and regenerates protein thiols. Thus, the
      toxicity of NAPQI to isolated hepatocytes may result primarily from its oxidative
      effects on cellular proteins.

PMID- 4033632
TI  - DNA synthesis inhibitory peptides in mammalian serum and insect hemolymph.
AB  - Similar inhibitory factors for DNA synthesis were found in fetal calf serum and a
      hemolymph of the moth, Bombyx mori. The factors were highly purified by gel
      filtration, ion exchange and thin layer chromatography and appeared to be heat
      stable. They showed the same effects on some bacteria and mammalian cells. The
      significance of these DNA synthesis inhibitory 1 Kd peptides is discussed.

PMID- 4033633
TI  - Interaction of histone H1 from sea urchin sperm with superhelical and relaxed
      DNA.
AB  - Complexes of histone H1 from sea urchin sperm (H1S) and calf thymus (H1T) with
      superhelical DNA I and relaxed circular DNA II have been analyzed by analytical
      sedimentation. Similar to H1T, the highly basic and relatively arginine-rich
      histone H1S preferentially interacts with DNA I compared to DNA II under
      competition conditions. However, H1S induces a stronger aggregation of both forms
      of DNA than H1T. Below 0.05 M NaCl, the soluble complexes formed by both histones
      have similar properties, but aggregation proceeds in a different manner: H1S
      induces a stronger aggregation of DNA II as compared to DNA I, whereas H1T fails
      to aggregate DNA I. The results are explained on the basis of differences in
      amino acid sequence and structure of the two histones and related to the special
      chromatin condensing ability of histone H1S.

PMID- 4033634
TI  - DNA cleavage in chromatin spacer segments by a non-enzymic probe, 1,10
      phenanthroline-copper complex.
AB  - The action of 1,10-phenanthroline-copper complex under aerobic conditions in the
      presence of 2-mercaptoethanol on chromatin DNA in murine thymocyte nuclei was
      studied. At limited oxygen supply primarily multiple single-strand breaks of DNA
      in the spacer segments are observed while the core DNA segments in chromatin
      remain intact. After the single-strand breaks accumulate in both DNA strands
      (under conditions of improved oxygen supply), double-strand cleavage of DNA to
      fragments of nucleosomal size becomes apparent. This regular character of DNA
      degradation in chromatin is apparently due to the preferential binding of the
      1,10-phenanthroline-copper complex to DNA of the spacer segments and to the
      localized generation of damaging radicals.

PMID- 4033635
TI  - An increase of the regulating factor for chromatin-dependent RNA polymerase II
      reactions in the tightly-bound chromatin fraction by glucocorticoid injection.
AB  - A sugar-containing factor for chromatin-dependent RNA polymerase II reactions
      exists in rat liver nuclei (1). In this communication the localization of this
      factor in cell nuclei was investigated. The major activity of the factor was
      observed in the nuclear soluble fraction whereas a minor activity was detected in
      the tightly-bound chromatin fraction, but not in the loosely bound chromatin
      fraction. The factor in the tightly-bound chromatin fraction was considerably
      increased by glucocorticoid injection, but not in other fractions.

PMID- 4033636
TI  - Hypomethylation of repair patches in HeLa cells.
AB  - In HeLa cells, under conditions where normal semiconservative synthesis is
      suppressed by hydroxyurea, the excision repair process after irradiation by UV
      results in a small amount of incorporation of nucleotides into nonreplicated DNA.
      By labelling the cytosine moieties of these repair patches, and measuring the
      ratio between cytosine and 5-methylcytosine, we have found that the level of
      methylation of cytosine in repair patches five hours after UV-irradiation of the
      cells is about half of that observed in normal semiconservatively synthesized
      DNA.

PMID- 4033638
TI  - [Characteristics of nuclear DNA of a Lepidoptera, the great wax moth Galleria
      mellonella, using reassociation kinetics].
AB  - Reassociation kinetics of great wax moth--Galleria mellonella nuclear DNA short
      fragments was studied within the C0t values of 0.02 and 10(4). The least squares
      analysis of the experimental curve obtained revealed two components with C0t1/2 =
      0.72 and C0t1/2 = 750 appropriately. The fraction of the component with C0t1/2 =
      0.72 in the genome of great wax moth is 22% and that of the other one is 61%.
      There is also a rapid component which renatured at the C0t values less then 0,02.
      The fraction of this component in the genome is 17%. The great wax moth genome
      size determined kinetically is 4,83 X 10(8) base pairs. It was shown that the
      efficiency of DNA molecules network formation can qualify the genome studied as
      being a short or a long period of interspersion. On the basis that 80-90% of
      great wax moth DNA molecules participated in network formation which is inherent
      to the short period interspersion genomes, it was concluded that the great wax
      moth genome is of the Xenopus-like type.

PMID- 4033637
TI  - [Thermal denaturation of DNA in concentrated salt-free solutions: comparison of
      microcalorimetric and spectrophotometric data].
AB  - Scanning microcalorimetry and spectrophotometry were used to study the dependence
      of melting enthalpy (delta Hm) and temperature (Tm) on DNA concentration in salt
      free solutions and on NaCl concentration in solutions with constant DNA
      concentration. This data is used to calculate the Manning's charge density
      parameter which is found to be equal 1.8. The linear dependence of Tm on the
      logarithm of DNA concentration in salt free solution was obtained. An approximate
      evaluation of dissociation degree in native DNA at different concentrations was
      made by comparison of straight lines in the Tm = f(lg CNaCl) and Tm = f(lg Cp)
      coordinates.

PMID- 4033639
TI  - [Synthesis of the tobacco mosaic virus in blocked spreading of infection].
AB  - The possibility of infection of tobacco upper leaves with tobacco mosaic virus
      (TMV) was examined in experiments where the inoculum was imbibed through the cut
      stem. The inoculum used were: a) a preparation of a virus-specific informosome
      like ribonucleoproteins (vRNP) isolated from TMV-infected plants; b) a TMV
      preparation; or c) a mixture of TMV and vRNP. Multiplication of TMV in upper
      leaves was observed in neither of the variants; nevertheless in the vascular
      tissue and/or probably in adjoining parenchymal cells, two kinds of RNA were
      synthesized: of mol. w. (1.1--1.3) X 10(6) and (0.6--0.8) X 10(6). These RNA were
      not found in healthy plants in the presence of actinomycin D. The synthesis of
      genomic TMV RNA is suppressed under these conditions. Thus, some kind of abortive
      TMV infection takes place under the condition of experimental inoculation of
      plants through a cut stem. Molecular hybridization with the DNA of recombinant
      plasmid containing a nucleotide sequence complementary to the 3'-portion of
      genomic TMV RNA proves that short RNAs synthesized under the abortive infection
      conditions are TMV-specific. The experiments with differential temperature
      treatment of N-gene-containing plants under abortive infection conditions suggest
      that necrotization is not necessarily induced by genomic TMV RNA synthesis.

PMID- 4033640
TI  - [Effect of monovalent cations on the catalytic and spectral properties of
      tyrosine-phenol-lyase from Citrobacter intermedius].
AB  - The action of monovalent cations Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+ on catalytic and
      physico-chemical properties of bacterial tyrosine--phenol-lyase was investigated.
      It was shown that K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+ were the noncompetitive activators of the
      enzyme, Na+ was an inhibitor, Li+ did not influence the catalytic activity. The
      values of KA and Vmax were determined for the activators in the reaction of
      alpha, beta-elimination of L-tyrosine. Monovalent cations affect the absorption
      and CD spectra of the enzyme and its complex with the quasi-substrate--L-alanine.
      It was suggested that an activation of tyrosine phenollyase by monovalent cations
      was connected with the increase of the active protonated form of the holoenzyme
      (lambda max 420 mm) induced by the cations-activators.

PMID- 4033641
TI  - [Formation of noncanonical structures in superhelical DNA. Mutual effects of
      various transitions].
AB  - This is a theoretical study of the problem of formation of noncanonical
      structures, cruciforms in palindromic regions and the Z form in purine-
      pyrimidine sequences, in negatively supercoiled DNA. If two such regions, one
      palindromic and one purine--pyrimidine, are present in the same DNA molecule of a
      finite length, then transitions between the regular B form and noncanonical
      structures in these regions will experience a considerable mutual influence. This
      takes place because both noncanonical structures compete for the same superhelix
      energy. A special attention is paid to the case when the probability of the Z
      form formation nonmonotonously depends on the superhelix density. Such a
      situation is shown to be possible for some specific interrelation between the DNA
      length, the length of the palindromic region and the length of the purine-
      pyrimidine region. The calculations show that in this case the Z form is formed
      first with the increasing superhelix density, that the cruciform structure is
      formed whereas the purine--pyrimidine region returns into the B form, and
      finally, the Z form is formed again. The possibility of experimental observation
      of such unusual behaviour is discussed.

PMID- 4033642
TI  - [Interaction of formaldehyde with nucleic acids and their structural components
      in the presence of amines. II. Structure of adenine derivatives formed in the
      reaction with formaldehyde and primary amine].
AB  - Two products of modified adenine have been isolated from reaction of adenine with
      a mixture of formaldehyde and methylamine; their structures have been
      demonstrated by UV, 1H NMR and mass spectra data. The formal scheme of reaction
      can be described as simultaneous or sequential cycloaddition of dimethylol
      derivatives of methylamine to two reaction's positions of the adenine residue.
      This results in the formation of a new partly or completely hydrogenated six
      membered 1,3,5-triazine cycle which has the atoms of adenine nitrogen in its 1,3
      positions and nitrogen of methylamine in 5-position. This is used as a model for
      discussing the peculiarities of DNA-formaldehyde interaction in the presence of
      amine.

PMID- 4033643
TI  - [Structural characteristics and availability of DNA for solvent molecules in
      nuclei of Physarum polycephalum].
AB  - The rate constants of 1H--3H exchange between water and C8H-groups of purinic
      residues of DNA in solution and in nuclei of synchronous Physarum polycephalum at
      different phases of the cell cycle were measured. The nuclear membranes and
      nonhistone proteins were shown not to create additional hindrances and not to
      diminish the availability of DNA in nuclei for solvent molecules. A small
      increase of the rate of the 1H--3H exchange between water and the DNA of nuclei
      upon transition from the S-phase to the late G2-phase seems to reflect the
      process of chromatin decondensation connected with activation of the
      transcription and local changes of the secondary structure of DNA at the late G2
      phase of the cell cycle.

PMID- 4033644
TI  - [Conformation of glycopeptides with L- and D-stereoisomers of Ala and Glu amino
      acids].
AB  - On the base of the semi-empirical method of conformational analysis low-energetic
      conformations have been found for the glycopeptides with the O-beta-N-acetyl-D
      muramic acid or the O-beta-N-acetyl--D-glucosaminyl-(1-4)-N-acetyl-D-muramic acid
      in the glycan part and L-Ala--D-GluNH2, L-Ala--L-GluNH2, D-Ala--D-GluNH2 in the
      peptide part. It was shown that for either molecule preferentiability of any
      conformation is determined mainly by interactions between dipeptide and muramic
      acid residue.

PMID- 4033645
TI  - [The theory of ligand migration in biomacromolecules].
AB  - A model for the process of ligand migration in bio-macromolecules is proposed. We
      assume that migration occurs by means of fluctuating creation of cavities in bio
      macromolecules. A theory of particle migration through the fluctuating gap is
      created. The rate of migration is determined analytically for limiting cases.
      Theoretical results are applied to the migration of CO in myoglobin.

PMID- 4033646
TI  - [The role of H2B histones from the sea urchin sperm in the formation of
      supranucleosome structures].
AB  - The structural role of histone H2B from sea urchin sperm (H2Bsp) has been
      examined in experiments on reconstitution of chromatin from DNA and core histones
      taken in three variants: (1) four core histones from sea urchin sperm; (2) four
      core histones from calf thymus; (3) (H3, H4, H2A) from calf thymus and H2Bsp. It
      is shown that H2Bsp when present in reconstituted chromatin induces its
      aggregation. Fidelity of the reconstitution of nucleosomes has been tested using
      DNase I probe, one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis and electron microscopy.
      The reconstitutes that contain H2Bsp appear under electron microscope mainly as
      regular closely spaced large granules, about 450 A in diameter, which are very
      similar to the granules found in "native" sea urchin sperm chromatin. The
      reconstitutes formed by four core histones from calf thymus appear as randomly
      arranged particles, about 100 A in diameter. We conclude that histone H2Bsp
      participates in interactions between nucleosomes and is involved in the formation
      of the condensed supranucleosomal structure in sea urchin sperm chromatin.

PMID- 4033647
TI  - [Study of specific interactions of amino acid esters with the synthetic
      polynucleotides poly(A) x 2 poly(U), poly(A) x poly(U) and poly(A) by thermal
      denaturation].
AB  - The interactions of amino acid esters with poly(A)x2poly(U) and poly(A)xpoly(U)
      have been investigated by means of thermal denaturation of these polynucleotides.
      The esters under consideration raised the melting point, revealing the preferable
      binding to helical polynucleotide structures. The melting point shifts
      demonstrate the following sequence of the stabilities of these complexes: Arg
      greater than Lys much greater than His greater than Met greater than Ser greater
      than Gly. The same stability order is observed when studying the polynucleotide
      renaturation in the presence of esters. This order coincides with that previously
      obtained for the nucleotide base--amino acid ester complexes excepting basic
      amino acid esters. The ester interactions with poly(A) and poly(U) also reveal
      the specificity of monomer--monomer interactions. Some dynamic contributions into
      the studied specificity are also discussed.

PMID- 4033648
TI  - [The effect of the medium on the functional and structural properties of serum
      albumins. III. Relation between the N-F1-, F1-F2- and F2-E transitions of human
      serum albumin and temperature and ionic strength].
AB  - Using fluorescence parameters of tryptophanyl and bound ANS, the acid-induced
      structural transitions of defatted monomeric human serum albumin were measured as
      pH-dependences from 6 to 2.5 in the wide range of temperature (10 to 45 degrees
      C) and ionic strength (from 0.001 to 0.2 M NaCl or 0.067 M Na2SO4). Temperature
      rise and decrease in ionic strength value result in the splitting of the N-F
      transition onto two stages, N-F1 and F1-F2. The N-F1-transition is accompanied by
      the blue shift of tryptophanyl and ANS fluorescence spectra and increase in the
      ANS emission yield. The F1-F2-stage is manifested in an additional blue spectral
      shift and a sharp drop of the ANS emission yield, which is shown to be due to the
      lowering of albumin affinity for the dye. In the acidic-extension stage (F2-E),
      the spectra undergo a red shift which means that the nanosecond dipole relaxation
      of protein groups and bound water becomes faster. In the F2 from, the albumin
      affinity for ANS is significantly lowered; the association constant of the
      primary binding site is lower by an order of quantity and two secondary sites are
      practically disappeared. The complex effect of temperature, ionic strength and pH
      changes on the properties of ANS-binding sites is considered as a model of
      possible control influences of these factors upon the albumin transport of
      amphiphilic anions in organism.

PMID- 4033649
TI  - Specific regions of beta-globin RNA are resistant to nuclease digestion in RNA
      protein complexes in chicken reticulocyte nuclei.
AB  - The interaction between beta-globin RNA and proteins in chicken reticulocyte
      nuclei was studied by determining the sequence of nuclease-resistant beta-globin
      RNA. Two types of nuclease-resistant RNAs were isolated for this study:
      endogenous nuclease-resistant RNA from 50S heterogeneous nuclear RNA-protein
      complexes and micrococcal nuclease-resistant nuclear RNA from whole nuclei. The
      nuclease-resistant regions were identified with the use of a RNA mapping method
      we recently developed (J.R. Patton and C.-B. Chae, J. Biol. Chem. 258:3991-3995,
      1983). We found that beta-globin RNA is assembled into heterogeneous nuclear RNA
      protein complexes in a specific manner. There are several regions of nuclease
      resistance in the first and third exons interrupted at regular intervals by
      sensitive regions. The second exon has only one nuclease-resistant region. The
      resistant regions range in size from 20 to 50 nucleotides. This organization may
      reflect a specific mode of assembly for heterogeneous nuclear RNA-protein
      complexes.

PMID- 4033650
TI  - Rapid purification of mammalian 70,000-dalton stress proteins: affinity of the
      proteins for nucleotides.
AB  - A new and rapid purification procedure has been developed for the mammalian
      70,000-dalton (70-kDa) heat-shock (or stress) proteins. Both the constitutive 73
      kDa protein and the stress-induced 72-kDa protein have been purified by a two
      step procedure employing DE52 ion-exchange chromatography followed by affinity
      chromatography on ATP-agarose. The two proteins, present in approximately equal
      amounts in either the 12,000 X g supernatant or pellet of hypotonically lysed
      heat-shock-treated HeLa cells, were found to copurify in relatively homogenous
      form. The purified proteins were covalently labeled with the fluorescent dye
      tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, and the fluorescently labeled proteins were
      introduced back into living rat embryo fibroblasts via microinjection. The
      microinjected cells maintained at 37 degrees C showed only diffuse nuclear and
      cytoplasmic fluorescence. After heat-shock treatment of the cells, fluorescence
      was observed throughout the nucleus and more prominently within the nucleolus.
      This result is consistent with our earlier indirect immunofluorescence studies
      which showed a nuclear and nucleolar distribution of the endogenous 72-kDa stress
      protein in heat-shock-treated mammalian cells. The result also indicates that,
      for at least the 72-kDa protein, (i) the protein has been purified in apparently
      "native" form and (ii) its nucleolar distribution is stress dependent.

PMID- 4033651
TI  - Gene amplification in Tetrahymena thermophila: formation of extrachromosomal
      palindromic genes coding for rRNA.
AB  - Tetrahymena thermophila contains in the macronucleus multiple copies of
      extrachromosomal palindromic genes coding for rRNA (rDNA) which are generated
      from a single chromosomal copy during development. In this study we isolated the
      chromosomal copy of rDNA and determined the structure and developmental fate of
      the sequence surrounding its 5' junction. The result indicates that specific
      chromosomal breakage occurs at or near the 5' junction of rDNA during
      development. The breakage event is associated with DNA elimination and telomeric
      sequence addition. Similar results were also found previously for the 3' junction
      of this gene. These results could explain how the extrachromosomal rDNA is first
      generated. Near both junctions of the chromosomal rDNA, a pair of 20-nucleotide
      repeats was found. These sequences might serve as signals for site-specific
      breakage. In addition, we found a pair of perfect inverted repeats at the 5'
      junction of this gene. The repeats are 42 nucleotides long and are separated by
      28 nucleotides. The existence of this structure provides a simple explanation for
      the formation of the palindromic rDNA.

PMID- 4033652
TI  - Locus encoding a family of small heat shock genes in Caenorhabditis elegans: two
      genes duplicated to form a 3.8-kilobase inverted repeat.
AB  - The genes coding for hsp 16-48, previously identified by cDNA cloning, and for
      another 16-kilodalton heat shock protein designated hsp16-1 were characterized by
      DNA sequencing. The two genes were arranged in a head-to-head orientation. Both
      the coding and flanking regions were located within a 1.9-kilobase module which
      was duplicated exactly to form a 3.8-kilobase inverted repeat structure. The
      inverted repeat structure ended in an unusual guanine-plus-cytosine-rich sequence
      24 nucleotides in length. The identity of the two modules at the nucleotide
      sequence level implies that the duplication event may have occurred recently.
      Alternatively, gene conversion between the two modules could also maintain
      homology of the two gene pairs. The small heat shock genes of Caenorhabditis
      elegans contained TATA boxes and heat-inducible promoters, the latter agreeing
      closely with the Drosophila melanogaster consensus sequence described by Pelham
      (Cell 30:517-528, 1982). Unlike the homologous D. melanogaster genes, each of
      these C. elegans genes contained a short intron, the position of which has been
      conserved in a related murine alpha-crystallin gene. The intron separated
      variable and conserved regions within the amino acid sequences of the encoded
      heat shock polypeptides.

PMID- 4033653
TI  - Interrelationships of protein and DNA syntheses during replication of mammalian
      cells.
AB  - During the replication of chromatin, the syntheses of the histone protein and DNA
      components are closely coordinated but not totally linked. The interrelationships
      of total protein synthesis, histone protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and mRNA
      levels have been investigated in Chinese hamster ovary cells subjected to several
      different types of inhibitors in several different temporal combinations. The
      results from these studies and results reported elsewhere can be brought together
      into a consistent framework which combines the idea of autoregulation of histone
      biosynthesis as originally proposed by W. B. Butler and G. C. Mueller (Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 294:481-496, 1973] with the presence of basal histone synthesis and
      the effects of protein synthesis on DNA synthesis. The proposed framework
      obviates the difficulties of Butler and Mueller's model and may have wider
      application in understanding the control of cell growth.

PMID- 4033654
TI  - Localization of specific rDNA spacer sequences to the mouse L-cell nucleolar
      matrix.
AB  - Mouse L-cell nucleoli were isolated from sonicated nuclei by centrifugation and
      extensively treated with pancreatic DNase or micrococcal nuclease to obtain "core
      nucleoli." Core nucleoli still contained the precursors to rRNA and about 1% of
      the total nuclear DNA, which remained tightly bound even after the removal of
      some chromatin proteins with 2 M NaCl. The core nucleolar DNA electrophoresed in
      a series of discrete bands, 20 to about 200 base pairs in length. Hybridization
      tests with specific DNA probes showed that the DNA was devoid of sequences
      complementary to mouse satellite, mouse Alu-like, and 5S RNA sequences. It also
      lacked sequences coding for cytoplasmic rRNA species, since it did not hybridize
      to the 18S to 28S portion of rDNA in Northern blot analyses and none of it was
      protected by hybridization to a 100-fold excess of total cytoplasmic RNA in S1
      nuclease assays. However, the core nucleolar DNA did hybridize to nontranscribed
      and external transcribed spacer rDNA sequences. We infer that specific portions
      of rDNA are protected from DNase action by a tight association with nucleolar
      structural proteins.

PMID- 4033655
TI  - Stable transfer and restricted expression of a cloned class I gene encoding a
      secreted transplantation-like antigen.
AB  - The identification of a unique major histocompatibility complex class I gene,
      designated Q10, which encodes a secreted rather than a cell surface antigen has
      led to questions regarding its potential role in regulating immunological
      functions. Since the Q10 gene is specifically activated only in the liver, we
      sought to define the molecular mechanisms which control its expression in a
      tissue-specific fashion. Results obtained by transfection of the cloned Q10 gene,
      either in the absence or presence of a heterologous transcriptional enhancer,
      into a variety of cell types of different tissue derivations are consistent with
      the Q10 gene being regulated at two levels. The first is by a cis-dependent
      mechanism which appears to involve site-specific DNA methylation. The second is
      by a trans-acting mechanism which would include the possibility of an enhancer
      binding factor. The ability to efficiently express the Q10 gene in certain
      transfected cell lines offers an opportunity to obtain this secreted class I
      antigen in quantities sufficient for functional studies; this should also make it
      possible to define regulatory sequences which may be responsible for the tissue
      specific expression of Q10.

PMID- 4033656
TI  - Structure of a murine alpha interferon pseudogene with a repetitive R-type
      sequence in the 3' flanking region.
AB  - A murine alpha interferon pseudogene was identified in a mouse genomic library.
      The nucleotide sequence revealed several in-phase termination codons within the
      gene and repetitive oligonucleotides in the flanking regions. The nucleotide
      sequences and the amino acids of the peptide signal sequences were compared with
      known human alpha interferon genes and the pseudogene.

PMID- 4033657
TI  - Mutant strain of Chinese hamster ovary cells with no detectable ornithine
      decarboxylase activity.
AB  - We previously described an arginase-deficient, polyamine-dependent Chinese
      hamster ovary cell line which grows in serum-free medium. From this strain we
      isolated a new mutant strain that has no detectable catalytic ornithine
      decarboxylase activity. The mutant cells contain, however, immunoreactive
      ornithine decarboxylase-like protein roughly in the same quantity as the parent
      strain. The mutant and the parent cell line strains also contain similar amounts
      of ornithine decarboxylase-mRNA hybridizable to a specific cDNA. If polyamines
      are omitted from the medium, proliferation of the mutant cells is considerably
      retarded and ceases in 6 to 10 days. Addition of ornithine or alpha
      difluoromethylornithine, a specific inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, has no
      effect on these cells. Putrescine and spermidine decreased in the mutant cells to
      undetectable levels during polyamine starvation, whereas spermine was reduced to
      1/5th of that found in the control cultures. Polyamines appear to be
      indispensable for the mutant strain, but this was obvious only after the amount
      of polyamines, found as impurities in bovine serum albumin used in the medium,
      was reduced by dialysis to 10(-12) M. Because sera contain polyamines, the
      ability of the mutant strain to grow in serum-free medium is a great advantage in
      elucidation of the mechanisms of polyamine function.

PMID- 4033658
TI  - Structural and evolutionary relationships among five members of the human gamma
      crystallin gene family.
AB  - We have characterized five human gamma-crystallin genes isolated from a genomic
      phage library. DNA sequencing of four of the genes revealed that two of them
      predict polypeptides of 174 residues showing 71% homology in their amino acid
      sequence; the other two correspond to closely related pseudogenes which contain
      the same in-frame termination codon at identical positions in the coding
      sequence. Two of the genes and one of the pseudogenes are oriented in a head-to
      tail fashion clustered within 22.5 kilobases. All three contain a TATA box 60 to
      80 base pairs upstream of the initiation codon and a highly conserved segment of
      44 base pairs in length immediately preceding the TATA box. The two genes and the
      two pseudogenes are similar in structure: each contains a small 5' exon encoding
      three amino acids followed by two larger exons that correspond exactly to the two
      similar structural domains of the polypeptide. The first intron varies from 100
      to 110 base pairs, and the second intron ranges from 1 to several kilobases,
      rendering an overall gene size of 1.7 to 4.5 kilobases. At least one of the two
      pseudogenes appears to have been functional before inactivation, suggesting that
      their identical mutation was generated by gene conversion.

PMID- 4033659
TI  - Collagen expression in embryonic chicken chondrocytes treated with phorbol
      myristate acetate.
AB  - Growth of embryonic chicken sternal chondrocytes in the presence of phorbol-12
      myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a potent tumor promoter, resulted in a dramatic
      morphological change from spherical floating cells to adherent fibroblastic
      cells. This morphological change was accompanied by a quantitative switch from
      synthesis of cartilage-specific type II procollagen to type I procollagen. Type
      II procollagen mRNA levels decreased 10-fold in PMA-treated cells. Activation of
      type I collagen genes led to the accumulation of type I procollagen mRNA levels
      comparable to those of type II mRNA in these cells. However, only type I
      procollagen mRNA was translated. In addition to gene activation, unprocessed pro
      alpha 1(I) transcripts present at low levels in control chondrocytes were
      processed to mature mRNA species. Redifferentiation of PMA-treated chondrocytes
      was possible if cells were removed from PMA after the morphological change and
      cessation of type II procollagen synthesis but before detectable amounts of type
      I procollagen were synthesized. Production of type I collagen thus marks a late
      phase of chondrocyte "dedifferentiation" from which reversion is no longer
      possible. Redifferentiated cell populations contained 24-fold more pro alpha
      1(II) collagen mRNA than pro alpha 1(I) collagen mRNA, but the rates of
      procollagen synthesis were comparable. This suggests that the PMA-mediated
      dedifferentiation of chondrocytes as well as their redifferentiation is under
      both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.

PMID- 4033661
TI  - Structure of the Dictyostelium discoideum prestalk D11 gene and protein.
AB  - The gene encoding the prestalk D11 mRNA of Dictyostelium discoideum has been
      isolated and characterized. Transcriptional mapping and sequence data indicated
      that the D11 message is unspliced and contains an 846-base open reading frame.
      The 273 base pairs upstream from the translation initiator codon are 88% A + T,
      typical of Dictyostelium upstream sequences, and contain no recognizable upstream
      activator sequence. The deduced D11 protein is exceptionally rich in cysteine
      residues and consists of a 25-amino acid hydrophobic leader sequence (L) followed
      by a series of repeats with the structure LA1B1A2B2C1B3C2B4C3B5C4B6, where A, B,
      and C, are, respectively, amino acid sequences of 39, 18, and 15 residues. The
      deduced D11 protein shares certain similarities with the Dictyostelium cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor protein.

PMID- 4033660
TI  - Altered beta-actin gene expression in phorbol myristate acetate-treated
      chondrocytes and fibroblasts.
AB  - Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a potent tumor promoter, was shown to have
      opposite effects on the cellular morphology and steady-state levels of beta-actin
      mRNA in embryonic chicken muscle fibroblasts and sternal chondrocytes. When
      fibroblasts were treated with PMA, they formed foci of densely packed cells,
      ceased to adhere to culture plates, and had significantly reduced levels of beta
      actin mRNA and protein. Conversely, when treated with PMA, floating chondrocytes
      attached to culture dishes, spread out, and began to accumulate high levels of
      beta-actin mRNA and proteins. In the sternal chondrocytes the stimulation of the
      beta-actin mRNA production was accompanied by increased steady-state levels of
      fibronectin mRNAs and protein. These alterations were concomitant with a fivefold
      reduction in type II collagen mRNA and a cessation in its protein production.
      After fibronectin and actin mRNAs and proteins reached their maximal levels, type
      I collagen mRNA and protein synthesis were turned on. Removal of PMA resulted in
      reduced beta-actin mRNA levels in chondrocytes and in a further alteration in the
      cell morphology. These observed correlations between changes in cell adhesion and
      morphology and beta-actin expression suggest that the effect of PMA on cell shape
      and adhesion may result in changes in the microfilament organization of the
      cytoskeleton which ultimately lead to changes in the extracellular matrix
      produced by the cells.

PMID- 4033662
TI  - Rabbit-mouse hybridomas secreting intact rabbit immunoglobulin.
AB  - Rabbit-mouse hybridomas offer the potential for production of monoclonal rabbit
      antibodies by immortal cell lines. In previous studies, it was possible to
      produce and stabilize rabbit-mouse hybrid cells secreting either a rabbit heavy
      or light chain. These have been useful for structural characterization of the
      individual rabbit immunoglobulin polypeptides and for isolation of large amounts
      of immunoglobulin mRNA for molecular studies. For some studies, however, it would
      be useful to have intact rabbit immunoglobulin molecules comparable to the
      myeloma proteins available in the human and mouse. The availability of rapid,
      sensitive and specific assays for rabbit heavy and light chains and allotypes
      located on specific chains has now permitted the early identification of clones
      secreting intact rabbit immunoglobulin. Vigorous cloning efforts have resulted in
      isolation and partial stabilization of three such clones. The first, H105,
      secretes a product with a kappa light chain bearing the b6 allotype and a mu
      chain bearing the a1 allotype. Biochemical and serologic analyses of the product
      show that it is secreted as a fully assembled IgM pentamer and that the rabbit
      heavy and light chains are covalently associated. No rabbit J-chain gene was
      detected in H105 by Southern blot analysis. The second hydridoma, H134, secretes
      a product with a mol. wt of 150 K, consisting of a b4 light chain and an a1 heavy
      chain. The third, H171, secretes an alb4 IgG with antibody specificity for group
      C streptococcal carbohydrate. An additional rabbit-mouse hybridoma, H89, have
      been produced which secretes a rabbit heavy chain lacking group a allotypic
      activity. The rabbit heavy chain, which is associated with a mouse light chain,
      has an N-terminal amino acid sequence identical to a2-positive molecules although
      thorough serologic analysis revealed no group a allotypic activity.

PMID- 4033663
TI  - Hyaluronic acid-complement interactions--I. Reversible heat-induced
      anticomplementary activity.
AB  - The in vitro interaction of hyaluronic acid (HA) with complement (C) classical
      pathway activity has been investigated. It was found that native HA, even at a
      high concn (greater than 3 mg/ml), has a relatively weak anticomplementary
      activity. However, we report here that native HA can be reversibly altered by
      heat treatment such that C-inhibitory properties are manifested. We have
      determined in this study that a potent C-inhibitory activity can be obtained if
      HA solutions are thermally treated (100 degrees C), and stabilized by prompt
      freezing with prompt thawing just prior to the interaction with human serum
      complement. Several investigators have proposed that the intermolecular
      associated strands of HA undergo a reversible decoupling upon thermal treatment
      and this decoupled state of HA can be semi-stabilized by quickly cooling the
      sample. This heat-treated HA strongly inhibits C1 as well as classical-pathway
      mediated C3 conversion. However, if heat-treated HA samples are not stabilized
      but, rather, slowly cooled after heating or if heated HA samples are snapfrozen
      and then slowly thawed, the anticomplementary activity is gradually lost.
      Interestingly, the activity for this same sample can be regenerated by
      retreatment of the same sample with heat followed by low-temp stabilization,
      indicating the reversibility of the physical state of HA responsible for the
      anticomplementary effect. Since no detectable molecular degradation of thermally
      treated HA was found, it was assumed that a heat-induced physical transition of
      HA (decoupled state) was responsible for the C-inhibitory effect.

PMID- 4033664
TI  - Antigen-binding molecules of T-cells charge heterogeneity and structural
      lability.
AB  - T-cell products released by immune cells during culture and which bind
      specifically the nominal antigens, trinitrophenol (TNP) or oxazalone, were
      isolated from culture media by hapten-affinity chromatography and compared by
      isoelectric focusing and 2D-gel analysis. These proteins and an
      azobenzenearsonate-specific T-cell product synthesized in vitro by translation of
      mRNA from an azobenzenearsonate-specific T-cell hybrid were also compared for
      structural lability of the polypeptides. Polyclonal T-cell antigen-binding
      molecules (TABM) specific for TNP or oxazalone showed marked charge heterogeneity
      and distinctions in isoelectric focusing in an acidic pH gradient, while the
      azobenzenearsonate-specific, clonal T-cell product displayed restricted focusing.
      All TABM studied showed dissociation of Mr 70,000 polypeptides to Mr 45,000 and
      25,000 polypeptides after treatment with guanidine. The results provide further
      evidence for distinctions and similarities between TABM.

PMID- 4033665
TI  - Effector functions of a monoclonal aglycosylated mouse IgG2a: binding and
      activation of complement component C1 and interaction with human monocyte Fc
      receptor.
AB  - Aglycosylated monoclonal anti-DNP mouse IgG2a produced in the presence of
      tunicamycin was compared with the native monoclonal IgG2a with respect to its
      ability to interact with the first component of complement, C1, and to compete
      with human IgG for binding to human monocyte Fc receptors. The aglycosylated
      IgG2a was found to bind subcomponent C1q with an equivalent capacity to the
      native IgG2a, but the dissociation constant was found to be increased three-fold.
      When activation of C1 by the glycosylated and aglycosylated IgG2a was compared,
      the rate of C1 activation by the aglycosylated IgG2a was reduced approximately
      three-fold. In contrast aglycosylation was accompanied by a large decrease
      (greater than or equal to 50-fold) in the apparent binding constant of monomeric
      IgG2a to human monocytes. The data suggest that the aglycosylated IgG2a has a
      structure which differs in the CH2 domain from the native IgG2a, and that the
      heterogeneous N-linked oligosaccharides of this monoclonal IgG2a which occur at a
      conserved position in the CH2 domain play a role in maintaining the integrity of
      its monocyte-binding site. This lack of monocyte binding may result either from a
      localized conformational change occurring in a single CH2 domain or from an
      alteration in the CH2-CH2 cross-domain architecture which is normally structured
      by a pair of opposing and interacting oligosaccharides. The minimal changes in
      C1q binding and C1 activation suggest that the oligosaccharides are, at most,
      indirectly involved in these events.

PMID- 4033666
TI  - Amino acid sequence studies of human C4b-binding protein: N-terminal sequence
      analysis and alignment of the fragments produced by limited proteolysis with
      chymotrypsin and the peptides produced by cyanogen bromide treatment.
AB  - Treatment of human C4b-binding protein (C4BP) with cyanogen bromide gave five
      major peptides and limited proteolysis with chymotrypsin yielded two fragments.
      The yields, apparent mol. wts and N-terminal amino acid sequences of these
      peptides and fragments indicates that in dissociating conditions, after reduction
      of disulphide bonds, C4BP is composed of only one type of polypeptide chain of
      approx. 70,000 mol. wt. The amino acid sequence data obtained, which accounts for
      over 55% of the total sequence, allows an alignment of the cyanogen bromide
      peptides. In addition the amino acid sequence data indicates that the 70,000
      dalton polypeptide chain of C4BP contains nine internal homology regions, each 60
      amino acids long, which would account for 540 of the expected 600 amino acids in
      C4BP. Similar internal homology regions are found within the Ba region of factor
      B [Morley and Campbell, EMBO J. 3, 153-157 (1984)] and it is of interest that the
      regions found in C4BP are homologous to those found in Ba.

PMID- 4033667
TI  - Binding and structural diversity among high-affinity monoclonal anti-digoxin
      antibodies.
AB  - High-affinity monoclonal antibodies specific for the cardiac glycoside digoxin
      provide a useful system for the study of structure-function relationships between
      antibody combining site and specific antigenic determinants. Fifteen high
      affinity monoclonal anti-digoxin antibodies were produced when spleen cells from
      A/J mice immunized with digoxin coupled to human serum albumin (Dig-HSA) were
      fused with the non-secreting murine myeloma Sp2/0 cell line. Each subcloned
      hybridoma antibody was analyzed for affinity and specificity for structurally
      related cardiac glycosides by a radioimmunoassay based on the adsorption of free
      [3H]digoxin to dextran-coated charcoal. All of the anti-digoxin hybridoma
      proteins demonstrated high affinity constants ranging from 10(9) to 10(12) M-1.
      Using seven different analogs of digoxin, binding specificities of the monoclonal
      antibodies were assessed by inhibition radioimmunoassay. The 15 hybridomas
      produced from fusions involving five mice could be divided into eight sets on the
      basis of these binding specificities. Certain antibodies exhibit a preference for
      the aglycone portion of digoxin, while others are more specific for the
      tridigitoxose sugar moiety of digoxin. Monoclonal antibody H- and L-chains were
      subjected to N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. The antibodies may be
      divided into several sequence homology sets for both H- and L-chains. In most
      instances, homologous heavy chains are associated with a set of homologous light
      chains. Homologous partial sequences, however, do not correlate with similar
      antigenic specificities and affinities for digoxin. Thus the fine specificity for
      antigen is not dependent on VH- and VL-encoded sequences alone. These data
      illustrate the broad diversity of the elicited response to a single hapten, even
      in inbred mice.

PMID- 4033668
TI  - Residual complement activity after incubation with myelin isolated from both the
      central and peripheral nervous tissues.
AB  - The relative ability of isolated central and peripheral nervous system myelin to
      interact with the complement system of plasma proteins was studied. The myelin
      used was a highly pure form, devoid of contamination by any subcellular
      organelles or membranes. Residual complement activity was a linear function of
      increasing quantities of myelin from 10 to 40 micrograms of myelin protein.
      Central and peripheral nervous system myelin showed identical residual complement
      activity at various temperatures above 7 degrees C and also after various time
      periods of incubation. The results show that central and peripheral nervous
      system myelin show equal ability to interact with complement, in spite of their
      different origin and differences in morphology and protein composition.

PMID- 4033669
TI  - Macrophage-produced muramyl peptide contaminants as adjuvants in cell-transfer
      experiments.

PMID- 4033670
TI  - Preparation and biologic characterization of fragments containing dimeric and
      monomeric C gamma 2 domain of rabbit IgG.
AB  - A number of fragments derived from acid-treated rabbit IgG by digestion with
      plasmin have been separated by high-resolution gel filtration. Fragments isolated
      included a dimer and monomer Facb, named F(acb)2 and Facb, respectively and a
      heterodimer composed of Facb and Fab subunits, named F(acb)(ab). A C gamma 2
      fragment was obtained by papain digestion of Facb. A heterodimer composed of Facb
      and Fab', named F(acb)(ab'), was also prepared by oxidizing a reduced mixture of
      these fragments. Fragments thus obtained are classified into two groups--those
      carrying paired C gamma 2 domains, i.e. F(acb)2, and the disulfide-linked dimeric
      C gamma 2 fragment; and those having a single C gamma 2 domain, i.e. reduced,
      alkylated Facb and C gamma 2 fragment, F(acb)(ab) and F(acb)(ab'). These
      fragments exhibited marked differences in their capacity to activate complement
      in assay systems of hemolysis and complement consumption by immune complexes or
      aggregates on polystyrene latex. Fragments of the former group could activate
      complement but with a definitely reduced efficiency (50%) compared to intact IgG,
      whereas fragments of the latter group were practically inactive. Although it was
      not determined whether the C1-binding capacity itself is changed by
      monomerization of the C gamma 2 domain, the results suggested that the intact
      paired C gamma 2 module is required at least for the activation process of
      complement.

PMID- 4033671
TI  - Human natural killer cytotoxic factor. Studies on its production, specificity,
      and mechanism of interaction with target cells.
AB  - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in vitro for 2 days in serum-free
      conditions produced a natural killer (NK) cytotoxic factor (NKCF) which
      selectively killed NK-susceptible targets. Optimal release of NKCF was achieved
      under serum-free conditions, while the presence of fetal calf serum inhibited
      both the production and activity of the factor. Mechanistic studies with NKCF
      demonstrated that the factor could be adsorbed by the target cells within 6 h,
      with no further exposure to NKCF required for maximal levels of lysis of the
      treated targets after additional 30-48 h of incubation, as assessed by a 111I
      release microcytotoxicity assay. NKCF adsorption to target cells and its
      cytotoxic activity were inhibited by some phosphorylated sugars (mannose-6PO4 and
      glucose-6PO4), but not by fructose-6PO4 or nonphosphorylated sugars (mannose,
      glucose, galactose). These results suggest a role of sugar-6PO4 at the level of
      interaction of NKCF with NK target cells. This was further supported by the
      finding that inhibition of target cell glycosylation by tunicamycin also
      inhibited absorption of NKCF to the target cells and direct killing by NKCF.
      Therefore, it appears that NKCF is a large granular lymphocyte produced factor
      which produces lysis as a result of the interaction with glycosylated structures
      on target cell membranes. Purification studies were performed to begin
      biochemical characterization of human NKCF. The results indicated that NKCF has
      an apparent molecular weight between 20,000 and 40,000 dalton. Such approaches
      with radiolabeled NKCF should be useful for the further study of the biochemical
      characteristics of human NKCF and of its mechanism of action. The ability to
      elicit NKCF under serum-free conditions should facilitate its testing,
      purification, and biochemical characterization.

PMID- 4033672
TI  - Effects of diethylstilboestrol-dipropionate on SCEs, micronuclei, cytotoxicity,
      aneuploidy and cell proliferation in maternal and foetal mouse cells treated in
      vivo.
AB  - The effect of diethylstilboestrol-dipropionate on the frequency of SCEs and
      micronuclei, cytotoxicity, aneuploidy and cell proliferation rates of foetal
      liver and maternal bone marrow cells following exposure of pregnant mice was
      measured. An increase in the number of aneuploid and polyploid cells was observed
      in both tissues. There was no effect on micronuclei frequency, SCE frequency, or
      cell proliferation rate.

PMID- 4033673
TI  - 3-Aminobenzamide sensitizes cultured Chinese hamster cells with bromodeoxyuridine
      substituted DNA to genetic damage induced by long-wave UV.
AB  - Chinese hamster cells, containing BrdUrd-substituted DNA, were irradiated in the
      presence of 3-aminobenzamide with short-wave UV, long-wave UV or X-rays and
      analyzed for induced SCEs or chromosomal aberrations. The data presented in this
      paper show that when BrdUrd-substituted cells are irradiated with lw-UV in the
      presence of 3-aminobenzamide, genetic damage is increased. Biochemical analysis
      shows that the molecular weight of BrdUrd-substituted DNA is reduced by this
      treatment. The sensitization is due to the combined action of lw-UV, incorporated
      BrdUrd and 3-aminobenzamide, without any involvement of inhibition of poly(ADP
      ribose) synthetase. No potentiation occurs when cells are irradiated with X-rays
      and genetic damage is decreased when cells are irradiated with UV light of 254 nm
      in the presence of 3AB. This decrease coincides with a reduction in the amount of
      induced pyrimidine dimers, detected as T4 endonuclease-sensitive sites in DNA.

PMID- 4033674
TI  - Characterization of DNA repair in a mutant cell line derived from ICR 2A frog
      cells that is hypersensitive to non-dimer DNA damages induced by solar
      ultraviolet radiation.
AB  - The level of excision repair and the inhibition and recovery of semiconservative
      DNA synthesis were examined following the induction of non-dimer DNA damages by
      solar ultraviolet radiation in a mutant cell line, DRP 36, derived from ICR 2A
      frog cells that is hypersensitive to these lesions. A relatively pure population
      of non-dimer photoproducts was produced by exposure of cells to the Mylar
      filtered solar UV wavelengths produced by a fluorescent sunlamp followed by
      treatment with photoreactivating light (PRL) which removes most of the small
      yield of dimers induced by the irradiation. Using a modification of the
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) photolysis assay, that enhances the sensitivity of
      this assay, it was found that DRP 36 cells perform a significantly lower level of
      excision repair following the induction of non-dimer DNA damages compared with
      the ICR 2A cells. In contrast, the level of excision repair of 254-nm-induced
      dimers was similar in the two cell lines. In addition, the induction of non-dimer
      damages caused a greater inhibition of DNA synthesis that persisted for a longer
      period of time in the mutant compared with the parental cells. Hence, these
      results indicate that the DRP 36 cells are deficient in the repair of at least
      one type of solar UV-induced non-dimer lesion.

PMID- 4033675
TI  - Normal human bronchial epithelial cells do not show an adaptive response after
      treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - Normal human bronchial epithelial cells cultured in serum-free medium were
      exposed to low doses o N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) to examine
      whether increased cellular resistance and increased activity of the DNA-repair
      enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase could be induced. After treatment
      with single doses of MNNG a dose-dependent decrease in O6-methylguanine-DNA
      methyltransferase activity was observed, as expected for this unique repair
      system. The activity recovered to the starting level in about 24 h when a dose
      that consumed approximately 65% of the enzyme activity (0.2 micrograms/ml) was
      given, but did not exceed the activity in the untreated control. Furthermore,
      treatment every 6 h for 4-5 days with non-toxic concentrations of MNNG (0.04-0.12
      micrograms/ml) did not increase O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity.
      Neither was cell survival following a range of challenge doses significantly
      increased. Our data suggest that human bronchial epithelial cells do not adapt to
      MNNG.

PMID- 4033676
TI  - Rapid rejoining of X-ray-induced DNA single-strand breaks in tuberous sclerosis
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The formation and rejoining rates of X-ray-induced DNA single-strand breaks
      (SSBs) were examined in radiosensitive and non-radiosensitive fibroblast lines
      from patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS), and fibroblasts from normal
      individuals, using the sensitive and quantitative alkaline elution method. No
      difference was found between these cell lines in the frequency of DNA SSBs
      directly produced by X-irradiation at any dose up to 750 rad. Kinetic analysis of
      the rate of rejoining of DNA SSBs after X-irradiation at 500 rad indicated that
      the rate of rejoining involved at least two components, an initial fast component
      and a slower component. TS fibroblast lines, either radiosensitive or
      nonsensitive, were proficient as to DNA SSB repair, but they showed an increased
      rate of rejoining in the initial fast repair process, when compared to normal
      fibroblast lines. Although the molecular basis for the accelerated rejoining of
      DNA SSBs remains unknown, it is possible that the abnormality may be related to a
      basic defect in TS.

PMID- 4033677
TI  - DNA repair in lymphocytes from patients with secondary leukemia as measured by
      strand rejoining and unscheduled DNA synthesis.
AB  - The ability to repair damage to DNA was compared in 2 groups of patients having
      undergone treatment for leukemia, one of which developed secondary leukemia (SL),
      and the other without signs of secondary malignancy (treated controls). Both were
      related to normal controls. DNA repair was assessed in isolated peripheral
      lymphocytes from the patients by measuring the rejoining of strand breaks
      following alkylation damage to the lymphocytes or by measuring unscheduled DNA
      synthesis. Day-to-day variability in the assays was considerable, but findings
      were that 5 out of 7 SL patients had repair deficiencies as measured by their
      ability to rejoin strand breaks, and 5 out of 7 had increased unscheduled DNA
      synthesis compared to treated and normal controls. All patients with SL and 4 out
      of 8 treated controls had inherent strand breaks in their DNA as compared to the
      normal controls when measured by alkaline elution.

PMID- 4033678
TI  - Formation of a new mutagenic DiMeIQx compound in a model system by heating
      creatinine, alanine and fructose.
AB  - A mixture of creatinine, D-fructose and DL-alanine was heated in diethylene
      glycol containing 14% water for 2 h at ca. 128 degrees C. The mutagens formed
      were extracted with 1-butanol, and purified by cation-exchange column
      chromatography, C18 reversed-phase Sep-Pak treatment and reversed-phase HPLC.
      According to its UV absorption, mass and 1H NMR spectra, one isolated fraction
      was tentatively assigned the chemical name, 3,4,8-trimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5
      f]quinoxalin-2-amine (4,8-DiMeIQx). This finding is in agreement with the
      suggestion that sugars, amino acids and creatinine present in meat may be the
      precursors of the mutagenic imidazoquinolin- and imidazoquinoxalin-2-amines (IQ
      compounds).

PMID- 4033679
TI  - Induction of superoxide dismutase, chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid
      exchanges by paraquat in Chinese hamster fibroblasts.
AB  - We have recently shown that Bloom syndrome fibroblasts have elevated levels of
      superoxide dismutase activity compared to those of normal fibroblasts. Based on
      this observation we decided to test whether an increased rate of superoxide
      radical production could be responsible for the induction of superoxide dismutase
      and of chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges characteristic of
      Bloom syndrome. Utilizing the superoxide-generating herbicide paraquat in Chinese
      hamster fibroblasts, we assayed the cells for dismutase activity, chromosomal
      aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges. All 3 parameters investigated
      demonstrated a dose-dependent increase with paraquat and, consequently, with the
      superoxide produced. Since the induction of the enzyme is mediated by its
      substrate, the superoxide anion radical, we concluded that the increased
      dismutase activity (in Bloom syndrome and paraquat-treated cells) may be a
      secondary manifestation of an overall imbalance in oxygen metabolism and that
      this elevated enzymatic activity is insufficient to detoxify the high superoxide
      levels, which results in elevated levels of chromosomal damage.

PMID- 4033680
TI  - Effects of pre-treatment with sodium butyrate on the frequencies of X-ray-induced
      chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - The effects of sodium butyrate-mediated alterations in chromatin structure on the
      yields of X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations were studied in human peripheral
      blood lymphocytes. Unstimulated (G0) lymphocytes were pre-treated with sodium
      butyrate (5 mM) for 24 h, X-irradiated and then stimulated to pass through the
      cell cycle. Cells in their first post-radiation metaphase were scored for
      chromosomal aberrations. In parallel biochemical experiments nucleoid
      sedimentation technique was used to examine the induction and repair of DNA
      strand breaks. The results show that sodium butyrate pre-treatment leads to a
      significant increase in the frequencies of dicentrics and rings, but not of
      fragments. The data from biochemical studies suggest that the numbers and rates
      of repair of X-ray-induced DNA-strand breaks are the same in butyrate-treated and
      untreated cells. We therefore suggest that the observed effect is probably a
      consequence of butyrate-induced conformational changes in the chromatin of G0
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 4033681
TI  - Studies on chromosome aberrations in the eggs of mice fertilized in vitro after
      irradiation. II. Chromosome aberrations induced in mature oocytes and fertilized
      eggs at the pronuclear stage following X-irradiation.
AB  - Cytological analysis of the first-cleavage metaphase of eggs exposed to X-rays at
      the mature oocyte stage or the pronuclear stage 4 h after fertilization was
      performed using the in vitro fertilization technique. The frequency of chromosome
      aberrations in irradiated mature oocytes increased exponentially with dose, the
      dose-response relationship being best fitted to the linear-quadratic model. On
      the other hand, in eggs irradiated at the early pronuclear stage, the frequency
      increased linearly with dose and the dose-response relationship was best fitted
      to the linear model. The aberrations were mainly chromosome-type (mature oocytes:
      86.0% and pronuclear stage: 88.5%) and the majority were fragments in both cases.
      Eggs in the early pronuclear stage were markedly more radiation-sensitive than
      mature oocytes. A comparison of the present results with the previous ones
      (Matsuda et al., 1985b) showed that the sensitivities to induction of chromosome
      aberrations were in the order: egg at early pronuclear stage (highest) greater
      than mature oocyte greater than mature sperm.

PMID- 4033682
TI  - Genotoxic effects and DNA photoadducts induced in Chinese hamster V79 cells by 5
      methoxypsoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen.
AB  - The induction of lethal effects and 6-thioguanine-resistant (6-TGr) mutants were
      studied in Chinese hamster V79 cells after treatment with the two bifunctional
      furocoumarins 5- and 8-methoxypsoralens (5-MOP, 8-MOP) in the presence of 365-nm
      radiation (UVA). The in vivo DNA-photobinding capacity of these two compounds was
      measured and in parallel the cross-linking capacities of 5-MOP and 8-MOP were
      determined using the alkaline elution technique. The results show that 5-MOP plus
      UVA was about 2.5 times more effective than 8-MOP plus UVA for inhibiting cell
      survival and for inducing the same frequency of 6-TGr mutants (10(-4]. The total
      number of photoinduced lesions by 5-MOP plus UVA was about 6 times higher than
      that induced by 8-MOP plus UVA. However, the cross-linking capacities of 5-MOP
      and 8-MOP were found to be within the same range at equal doses of UVA. At equal
      number of DNA photoadducts produced, the lesions induced by 5-MOP appeared to be
      less genetically active than those induced by 8-MOP. The apparently weaker
      genotoxicity of 5-MOP-induced lesions is likely to be due to the induction of a
      lower proportion of cross-links by 5-MOP at a given number of photoadducts.

PMID- 4033683
TI  - Tabulation and assessment of 113 human surveillance cytogenetic studies conducted
      between 1965 and 1984.
AB  - There is an increasing tendency to monitor human exposure to genotoxic chemicals
      by the assessment of chromosomal aberrations or sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs)
      in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In order to assess the sensitivity of these
      techniques, and to discern minimal criteria for their conduct, a survey of 113
      human lymphocyte cytogenetic surveillance studies conducted between 1965 and 1984
      has been undertaken. The present survey indicates the urgent need for
      standardization of study protocols. It is suggested that a common method of
      reporting chromosomal aberrations should be adopted, and that this should be
      based on the system described by Scott et al. It is also suggested that a minimum
      acceptable size of control and exposed populations should be agreed, and that
      potentially important factors such as the gender, the period and extent of
      exposure and individual smoking habits be defined in advance of the commission of
      future surveillance studies. As general awareness of the possible hazard
      presented by exposure of man to genotoxic chemicals increases, so appropriate
      preventative industrial hygiene measures will be instituted. This implies that
      future human cytogenetic surveillance studies may yield either weakly positive or
      negative data. This emphasizes the current need for agreement on appropriate
      study protocols. The formation of a central repository for control databases, and
      its subsequent updating and use by those involved in human cytogenetic
      surveillance studies, is recommended. Minimal experimental criteria for the
      design of future studies are also outlined.

PMID- 4033684
TI  - Natural history of endemic dermatophytoses in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia.

PMID- 4033685
TI  - [Epidemiology of trichophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes ver.
      gypseum].

PMID- 4033686
TI  - The effect of ketoconazole on Candida albicans infection following depression of
      the reticuloendothelial activity with gadolinium chloride.

PMID- 4033687
TI  - Trichosporon beigelii: increased occurrence in homosexual men.

PMID- 4033688
TI  - Transport of ethanolamine and its incorporation into the variant surface
      glycoprotein of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - The membrane-attached form of the variant surface glycoprotein (mf-VSG) of
      bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei is anchored to the plasma membrane by a
      hydrophobic C-terminal lipo-oligosaccharide containing ethanolamine. Analysis by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that several different cloned T. brucei
      strains (strain EATRO 110 and variants 117 and 118 of strain 427) incorporated
      [3H]ethanolamine into both mf-VSG and the soluble VSG derived from it, but not
      into other proteins. Other trypanosomatids, e.g. Leishmania mexicana
      promastigotes, T. cruzi epimastigotes, and T. brucei procyclic forms, did not
      incorporate ethanolamine into cellular proteins. Thus, [3H]ethanolamine can be
      used as a specific biosynthetic label for T. brucei VSG polypeptides. The time
      course of incorporation of [3H]ethanolamine into VSG showed a lag period of about
      15 min. Double-labelling experiments using [3H]ethanolamine and H3[32P]O4
      demonstrated that ethanolamine labelled only the C-terminal moiety and was not
      incorporated into other portions of the VSG molecule. Cellular uptake of
      ethanolamine occurred via a specific carrier-mediated transport system having a
      Vmax of 132 pmol min-1 mg-1 protein and a Km of 3.7 microM. The properties of
      this transport system are consistent with the possibility that ethanolamine is
      derived entirely from the host.

PMID- 4033689
TI  - Sterols of ketoconazole-inhibited Leishmania mexicana mexicana promastigotes.
AB  - Leishmania mexicana mexicana promastigotes grown with cholesterol, supplied in
      natural products as the free sterol and as cholesteryl esters, were exposed to [2
      14C]mevalonate and to the antimycotic drug ketoconazole. Growth was inhibited and
      cholesterol and 14 alpha-methyl sterols accumulated in free and esterified forms
      (cholesterol much greater than 4 alpha,14 alpha-dimethylcholesta-8,24-dien-3 beta
      ol much greater than 14 alpha-methylcholesta-8,24-dien-3 beta-ol congruent to 14
      alpha-methylergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3 beta-ol much greater than 4 alpha,14 alpha
      dimethylergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3 beta-ol; identified by capillary gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry, and by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectrometry). The 14 alpha-methyl sterols were preferentially labelled with 14C.
      The cholesterol was unlabelled and substituted for a substantial fraction of the
      major product of sterol biosynthesis, ergosta-5,7, 24(28)-trien-3 beta-ol (5
      dehydroepisterol), but did not replace it and did not offer remarkable protection
      against either growth inhibition or alteration of sterol biosynthesis.
      Promastigotes grown with [6-2H]cholesterol or [4-14C]cholesterol did not contain
      labelled forms of Leishmania sterols, or other sterols. The chromatographic and
      spectrometric sterol analyses and the isotopic tracer findings suggested that
      ketoconazole impaired the cytochrome P-450 dependent 14 alpha-demethylation of
      lanosterol, that cholesterol was neither biosynthesized nor metabolized, and that
      the physiological functions of 5-dehydroepisterol had sterol structural
      requirements not entirely met by cholesterol. In all these studies, L. mexicana
      mexicana demonstrated a sterol biochemistry remarkably similar to that of fungi.
      This recommends an increase in interest in antimycotic drugs as chemotherapeutic
      agents for leishmanial infections.

PMID- 4033690
TI  - An evaluation of different methods for labelling the surface of the filarial
      nematode Brugia pahangi with 125iodine.
AB  - The specificity of a range of 125I labelling techniques (Chloramine T, Iodogen,
      Bolton and Hunter reagent, lactoperoxidase and iodosulfanilic acid) to the
      surface of the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi was evaluated by autoradiography
      of sections of labelled worms and of dried SDS-polyacrylamide gels following
      electrophoresis of homogenised worm extracts. It was concluded that Bolton and
      Hunter reagent was not surface specific but labelled proteins throughout the body
      of the worm. At the light microscope level autoradiography of worms labelled
      using Chloramine T, Iodogen, lactoperoxidase and iodosulfanilic acid demonstrated
      that the 125I labelling was restricted to the worm surface. Electrophoresis and
      autoradiography showed that each method produced a different pattern of labelled
      polypeptide. A polypeptide of molecular weight 30 kDa was labelled using each
      method except Bolton and Hunter reagent, and appears to be a major surface
      component.

PMID- 4033691
TI  - Phosphatidylethanolamine methylation in intestinal brush border membranes from
      rats resistant to Trichinella spiralis.
AB  - Methylation of phospholipids is proposed as a mechanism to explain changes in
      properties of intestinal brush border membrane that coincide with development of
      immunity to the intraepithelial parasite, Trichinella spiralis. Methylation was
      measured by the incorporation of the [3H]methyl group from S-adenosyl-L
      [3H]methyl methionine into phospholipids. At least two enzymatic components were
      detected that converted phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. The
      first, designated methyltransferase I, catalyzed the formation of
      phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine from phosphatidylethanolamine and had a low Km
      for S-adenosyl-L-methyl-methionine (5 microM). The second, designated
      methyltransferase II, which catalyzed the methylation of
      phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine to phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and
      phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine, had a high Km for S
      adenosyl-L-methyl methionine (167 microM). Both enzymes had two pH optima, were
      most active at 37 degrees C and were Mg2+ dependent. A decrease in methylation
      activity was present in brush border membranes from rats immunized against T.
      spiralis. Although the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine was not significantly
      altered there was a substantial decrease in the formation of
      phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine as
      compared with nonimmunized rats. Since phospholipid composition influences
      membrane fluidity and cell function, it is proposed that altered methylation
      activity may influence the characteristics of brush border membrane in the immune
      host.

PMID- 4033692
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: effect of maintenance in vitro on the uptake and
      incorporation of leucine by adult worms.
AB  - The rates of leucine uptake and incorporation into protein by adult male and
      female Schistosoma mansoni were not affected by maintenance in vitro for up to 10
      days' duration, despite the decline in the protein content of male and female
      worms of approximately 35 and 55%, respectively, during this period. The effect
      of maintenance in vitro was obscured in paired female schistosomes by the
      apparent shielding of the female tegument within the gynaecophoral canal of the
      male. Incorporation rates were reduced by 50% in the presence of 2 mM
      cycloheximide whereas uptake rates were unaffected. Adult schistosomes are unable
      to maintain their in vivo protein levels purely by recourse to exogenous amino
      acids absorbed across the tegument in vitro, and the rates of uptake and
      incorporation of leucine appear to reflect the changing somatic requirements of
      the worms and are probably not correlated with the reproductive activity of adult
      worms in vitro. The possible role of alimentary rather than tegumental nutrition
      in egg production in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 4033693
TI  - Inhibition of in vivo and in vitro infectivity of Leishmania donovani by
      tunicamycin.
AB  - Leishmania donovani 2S strain promastigotes were rendered non-infectious to mice
      and mouse peritoneal macrophages by treatment with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N
      linked protein glycosylation. Concentrations of tunicamycin (1-10 micrograms ml
      1) that reduced promastigote infectivity to 2% or less of control levels had
      little or no measurable effect on the in vitro growth of the promastigotes.
      Tunicamycin has no apparent effect on the entry of promastigotes into
      macrophages. These results indicate that the sugar residues of glycoproteins are
      important to the promastigote during the early stages of macrophage infection.

PMID- 4033694
TI  - Lectin binding to glycoproteins in the surface membrane of Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - A number of lectins were assessed for their ability to bind to glycoproteins in
      the surface membrane of Schistosoma mansoni. The membrane polypeptides were
      separated by SDS-PAGE and the glycoproteins visualised by incubating the gel with
      radio-iodinated lectin followed by autoradiography. Most of the individual
      lectins bound to a variety of glycoproteins but peanut agglutinin and Dolichos
      biflorus agglutinin bound preferentially to a single glycoprotein of apparent
      molecular weight 170 000. This glycoprotein was subsequently shown to be exposed
      at the surface of the parasite and localised at the tubercles.

PMID- 4033695
TI  - Heterozygosity for homocystinuria in premature peripheral and cerebral occlusive
      arterial disease.
AB  - Premature arteriosclerosis and thromboembolic events are well-known complications
      of homozygous homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase deficiency. It is
      unknown whether heterozygosity for homocystinuria predisposes to premature
      vascular disease. We explored the frequency of excessive homocysteine
      accumulation after standardized methionine loading in 75 patients presenting with
      clinical signs of ischemic disease before the age of 50:25 with occlusive
      peripheral arterial disease, 25 with occlusive cerebrovascular disease, and 25
      with myocardial infarction. In seven patients in each of the first two groups but
      in none of the patients in the third group, heterozygosity for homocystinuria was
      established on the basis of pathological homocysteinemia after methionine loading
      and cystathionine synthase deficiency in skin fibroblast cultures. Because the
      frequency of heterozygosity for homocystinuria in the normal population is 1 in
      70 at the most, we conclude that this condition predisposes to the development of
      premature occlusive arterial disease, causing intermittent claudication,
      renovascular hypertension, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 4033696
TI  - Impaired lung function in patients with IgA deficiency and low levels of IgG2 or
      IgG3.
AB  - We examined the relation between serum levels of IgG subclasses and lung
      function, as determined by spirometry, lung volumes, the single-breath nitrogen
      test, and static recoil pressures, in 29 patients with IgA deficiency and
      repeated upper or lower respiratory tract infections. Four of the patients had
      decreased levels of IgG2, and two had decreased levels of IgG3. Two or more lung
      function values were abnormal in each of these six patients and also in three
      others with normal levels of IgG subclasses. Low levels of IgG2 and IgG3 were
      significantly related to abnormal lung function (P less than 0.01). The 20
      patients with normal lung function all had IgG-subclass levels above the lower
      range. There may be a causal relation between low levels of IgG subclasses and
      deterioration in lung function, suggesting that patients with combined IgA and
      IgG-subclass deficiencies may benefit from immunoglobulin prophylaxis.

PMID- 4033698
TI  - Dealing with conflicts of interest.

PMID- 4033697
TI  - Reappraisal of temporary levodopa withdrawal ("drug holiday") in Parkinson's
      disease.
AB  - Transient withdrawal of therapy has been advocated as a method of dealing with
      the complications of long-term use of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's
      disease. We retrospectively examined the effect of a 10-day period of levodopa
      withdrawal, or "drug holiday," in 28 patients. We then compared the subsequent
      clinical course of these patients over one year with that of 30 other randomly
      selected, similar patients with Parkinson's disease. In both groups the disease
      progressed; there was no difference in disease severity, capacity for daily
      living activities, or total amounts of dopamine agonists eventually used. For
      some patients, it was possible to reduce dopamine agonists used immediately after
      the drug holiday without causing deterioration, but a pulmonary embolus and other
      complications occurred. Subsequent complications related to long-term dopamine
      agonist therapy during the follow-up period were similar in the two groups. this
      investigation indicates that a drug holiday carries some risk and does not
      improve the efficacy of levodopa therapy or prevent the problems that occur with
      long-term administration.

PMID- 4033700
TI  - Prophylactic cesarean section at term.

PMID- 4033699
TI  - Vascular disease and homocysteine metabolism.

PMID- 4033701
TI  - Therapeutic risks associated with substitution of pharmaceutical alternatives.

PMID- 4033702
TI  - "Red-neck syndrome" with slow infusion of vancomycin.

PMID- 4033703
TI  - Placental diagnosis of the "bare lymphocyte" syndrome.

PMID- 4033704
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in a patient with Castleman's disease.

PMID- 4033705
TI  - Life extension.

PMID- 4033706
TI  - The effect of dietary protein on the clearance of allopurinol and oxypurinol.
AB  - A decrease in dietary protein is known to depress renal plasma flow and
      creatinine clearance. Using a randomized crossover design, we investigated the
      pharmacokinetics of allopurinol and its principal metabolite, oxypurinol, after
      oral administration of 600 mg of allopurinol in six normal subjects receiving a
      high-protein (268 g per day) or low-protein (19 g per day) diet. For allopurinol,
      the area under the curve of plasma concentration versus time increased by a
      factor of 1.45 (P less than 0.02), the renal clearance decreased by 28 per cent
      (P less than 0.02), and the ratio of the clearance of allopurinol to that of
      creatinine (fractional excretion) was unchanged between the low-protein and high
      protein diets. For oxypurinol, the area under the curve increased nearly three
      fold (P less than 0.02), the renal clearance decreased by 64 per cent (P less
      than 0.02), the fractional excretion decreased by 49 per cent (P less than 0.02),
      and the plasma oxypurinol half-life increased nearly threefold from 17.3 +/- 1.5
      (mean +/- S.E.M.) to 49.9 +/- 2.9 hours (P less than 0.02) during the low-protein
      diet, as compared with the high-protein diet. We conclude that with the low
      protein diet, the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of allopurinol were
      minimally altered but the total-body clearance of oxypurinol was greatly reduced
      because of a large increase in the net renal tubular reabsorption of oxypurinol.

PMID- 4033707
TI  - Sunlight exposure as risk factor for intraocular malignant melanoma.
AB  - In a case-control study, we compared 444 patients with intraocular malignant
      melanoma with matched controls to evaluate the role of exposure to ultraviolet
      radiation and other risk factors in the pathogenesis of this tumor. Persons born
      in the southern United States had a relative risk of 2.7 (95 per cent confidence
      interval, 1.3 to 5.9) as compared with those born in the North. Subjects with
      brown eyes were protected as compared with those with blue eyes (relative risk,
      0.6; 95 per cent confidence interval, 0.4 to 0.8), but complexion and hair color
      were not important risk factors. Patients with intraocular malignant melanoma
      were also more likely to have spent time outdoors in their gardens, to have
      sunbathed, and to have used sunlamps. Rarely wearing hats, visors, or sunglasses
      while in the sun was a risk factor for the disease (relative risk, 1.9; 95 per
      cent confidence interval, 1.6 to 2.2). These data suggest that sunlight exposure
      is an important risk factor for intraocular melanoma.

PMID- 4033709
TI  - Kidney function and drug action.

PMID- 4033708
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 39-1985. A six-year-old girl with diarrhea after exposure to
      animals.

PMID- 4033710
TI  - Sunlight and skin cancer.

PMID- 4033711
TI  - Fish consumption and mortality from coronary heart disease.

PMID- 4033712
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4033713
TI  - Exercise-induced menstrual disorders.

PMID- 4033714
TI  - Vacuolar myelopathy in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4033715
TI  - Public Health Service study on Reye's syndrome and medications. Report of the
      pilot phase.
AB  - Between February and May 1984, we conducted a pilot study to examine the methods
      for a larger study of a previously reported relation between Reye's syndrome and
      medications. Thirty patients with Reye's syndrome, whose diagnosis was confirmed
      by an expert panel, and 145 controls were matched for age, race (black or not
      black), and antecedent illness (respiratory infection, chickenpox, or diarrhea)
      and selected from the same hospital, emergency room, or school, or identified by
      random digit dialing. Significantly more cases (93 per cent, 28 of 30) than
      members of each of the four control groups or all controls combined (46 per cent,
      66 of 145) had received salicylates during matched antecedent illnesses (odds
      ratio of all 30 cases vs. all controls = 16.1; lower 95 per cent confidence limit
      = 4.6). The prevalence and mean severity score of signs, symptoms, and selected
      events during the antecedent illness tended to be lower among cases than
      controls. Thus, differences in the severity of this illness between cases and
      controls did not explain differences in medication exposures. This pilot study
      suggests an association between Reye's syndrome and the use of salicylates during
      an antecedent illness.

PMID- 4033716
TI  - The incidence of adenocarcinoma in columnar-lined (Barrett's) esophagus.
AB  - We evaluated the risk of adenocarcinoma developing in Barrett's esophagus
      (esophagus lined with columnar epithelium). Mayo Clinic records were reviewed,
      and all cases that met predefined histologic criteria for the diagnosis of
      Barrett's esophagus in 1979 or earlier were included. In 18 of 122 such cases,
      adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and Barrett's esophagus were diagnosed
      simultaneously. The status of the remaining 104 cases was determined after a mean
      interval of 8.5 years. During this time, adenocarcinoma of the esophagus
      developed in 2 patients, and 24 died from other causes. We conclude that although
      the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is increased in patients with
      symptomatic Barrett's esophagus, it does not occur in the majority of such
      patients.

PMID- 4033717
TI  - Antitrust law and the physician entrepreneur.

PMID- 4033718
TI  - How we subsidize "offshore" medical schools.

PMID- 4033719
TI  - Lactic acidosis associated with the therapy of acute bronchospasm.

PMID- 4033720
TI  - Selective antibody deficiency and recurrent pneumococcal bacteremia in a patient
      with Sjogren's syndrome, hyperimmunoglobulinemia G, and deficiencies of IgG2 and
      IgG4.

PMID- 4033721
TI  - Treatment of acute mountain sickness.

PMID- 4033722
TI  - Increased production and consumption of cane sugar in the Third World to prevent
      undernutrition and famine.

PMID- 4033723
TI  - No smoking at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.

PMID- 4033724
TI  - Financing graduate medical education.

PMID- 4033725
TI  - Bottom-line health care?

PMID- 4033726
TI  - Antitrust enforcement in health care. Ten years after the AMA suit.

PMID- 4033728
TI  - The alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

PMID- 4033727
TI  - Detection of measles virus RNA in lymphocytes from peripheral-blood and brain
      perivascular infiltrates of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
AB  - To clarify the relation between lymphocytes and measles virus in subacute
      sclerosing panencephalitis, we used in situ hybridization and a cloned measles
      virus DNA probe, specific for nucleocapsid protein, to detect measles virus RNA
      sequences in circulating lymphocytes and brain perivascular cuffs of patients
      with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Seventy to 90 per cent of peripheral
      mononuclear cells from three such patients were found to contain measles virus
      RNA sequences. In contrast, only a few infected cells were observed in four
      seropositive adults (0.1 to 5 per cent) and three age-matched children (10 to 15
      per cent) used as controls. In one sample of brain tissue from a patient with
      subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, viral RNA sequences were also detected in
      nerve cells and in numerous cells from the perivascular infiltrates. In contrast,
      no hybridization was observed in brain tissue from a patient with herpetic
      encephalitis and from a patient with postlymphoma encephalitis. We conclude that
      measles virus has a strong tropism for lymphocytes and nerve cells in subacute
      sclerosing panencephalitis and that lymphocytes may be involved in the
      pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 4033729
TI  - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and lymphocytes.

PMID- 4033730
TI  - Lead as a cause of SIDS.

PMID- 4033731
TI  - Trends in the incidence of myocardial infarction in a large employed population.

PMID- 4033732
TI  - Effect of slight plasma glucose decrease on glycosylated hemoglobin in healthy
      subjects during caloric restriction.

PMID- 4033733
TI  - Failure of prednisolone to suppress carbamazepine hypersensitivity.

PMID- 4033734
TI  - Treatment of type I primary hyperoxaluria.

PMID- 4033735
TI  - Who needs more doctors.

PMID- 4033736
TI  - The NIH and numbers.

PMID- 4033737
TI  - Health policy report. Some further notes on congressional oversight of the NIH.

PMID- 4033738
TI  - Caffeine degradation and increased ochratoxin A production by toxigenic strains
      of Aspergillus ochraceus isolated from green coffee beans.
AB  - The growth and ochratoxin A production of Aspergillus ochraceus strains S-235-100
      and IFM 0458, which were isolated from green coffee beans and glutinous rice,
      respectively, were examined in yeast extract-sucrose (YES) medium containing 0.1
      to 1.0% caffeine. The mycelial growth and ochratoxin A formation of strain IFM
      0458 was inhibited by caffeine at concentrations over 0.1%, and ochratoxin A was
      not produced at caffeine levels of 0.5% and 1.0%. Contrary to this, A. ochraceus
      strain S-235-100 produced a larger amount of ochratoxin A in the presence of 0.5%
      and 1.0% caffeine when grown on YES medium, reaching a maximum after 15 to 20
      days of incubation. The formation of ochratoxin A by nine additional strains of
      A. ochraceus, three strains of A. elegans and one strain of A. sclerotiorum
      isolated from green coffee beans was determined on rice and ground green coffee
      media. A significant degree of degradation of caffeine in the green coffee medium
      was demonstrated with cultures of nine A. ochraceus isolates from green coffee
      beans. Most of these isolates showed the potential to grow on moist green coffee
      beans and to produce a significant amount of ochratoxins.

PMID- 4033739
TI  - Prototheca associated with banana.
AB  - Prototheca stagnora was found to be a habitant of older harvested banana (Musa
      sapientum) and plantain (M. paradisiaca) stumps while P. wickerhamii colonized
      fresh Musa sp. stumps and flower bract water of Heliconia sp. While Prototheca
      sp. were known to habituate woody plants, this is the first evidence that
      herbaceous plants also serve as habitats.

PMID- 4033740
TI  - Workshop: Physiological and biochemical characteristics of animal models of
      nutritional dependent diseases. 30 November-2 December 1983, Bad Saarow, GDR.

PMID- 4033741
TI  - Selection for different growth parameters in laboratory mice and its correlated
      effects on body composition and organ weights.
AB  - Body composition and organ weights were determined in male mice sampled from 4
      different lines of a selection experiment: DU-6P (selected for high protein
      amount), DU-6 (selected for high body weight), DU-6 + LB (selected for an index
      combining body weight and endurance fitness) and DU-K (unselected control line).
      Selection was carried out under the conditions of ad libitum feeding and
      standardization of litter size at birth. In all 3 selection lines a significant
      direct selection response was shown. While fat in lines DU-6P and DU-6 + LB
      remained normal, it increased after selection for body weight (DU-6)
      significantly. Up to generation 13 the average increase of fat was 0.32% per
      generation. Investigations on 28 to 80 days old mice showed, that males of this
      line were fatter before, at and after the age of selection (42 days). After 9
      generations the body weight of selected mice was significantly increased by 23 to
      29%. The absolute organ weights of hearts, livers and kidneys were also
      significantly higher, while the relative weights of hearts and kidneys decreased.
      The relative liver weights were in the selected lines higher, but only the
      difference DU-6 vs. DU-K was significant.

PMID- 4033742
TI  - Some aspects of lipid metabolism in the liver of Wistar rats with fat diet
      induced obesity.
AB  - Diet-induced obesity in rats can be produced by high-fat feeding. Comparing high
      fat with low-fat feeding, the present study was designed to characterize the
      phases of development of obesity. In the dynamic phase, male rats were
      investigated at the age of 9-10 weeks after feeding the diets for 4-5 weeks. In
      the static phase, the animals at the age of 24-26 weeks were tested after 20-22
      weeks of the nutritional regime. In this phase, the effects of switching high-fat
      to low-fat diet for 4 weeks were also examined. Fractionating lipid extracts by
      thin layer chromatography the concentrations of several lipids in epididymal
      adipose tissue, in serum, and in liver were determined. In liver, the enhancement
      of cholesteryl-ester (CE) concentration after high-fat feeding besides the
      accumulation of triglycerides (TG) is remarkable. Cell fractionation studies of
      the livers by differential ultracentrifugation showed the major part of the
      accumulated CE in the supernatant. In vitro incorporation of (1-14C)acetate and
      (2-14C)mevalonate into liver slices indicated that cholesterol synthesis in the
      liver of the obese rats was not increased. Although the offered fat diet with
      0.1% of cholesterol can not be considered as high in cholesterol, the 2.5-fold
      higher amount of the high-fat diet in comparison with the low-fat diet (0.04%
      cholesterol) could be responsible for the enlargement of CE in the liver of the
      fat fed rats. This possibility was proved by measurement of the cholesterol
      absorption and transport to the liver after oral administration of (4
      14C)cholesterol. Estimation of TG secretion rates of the liver using Triton WR
      1339 pointed out higher rates in the obese rats in the dynamic phase. In the
      static phase, the rates were not different between both feeding groups, while fat
      restriction in the food produced a striking increase of TG secretion. It is
      assumed that only in the dynamic phase metabolism is able to compensate the liver
      TG accumulation by an enhanced transport to the adipose tissue. In the static
      phase this ability is diminished but not lost.

PMID- 4033743
TI  - Fatty acid composition of liver and adipose tissue lipids in Wistar rats with fat
      diet-induced obesity.
AB  - The influence of dietary fat on the fatty acid composition of liver and adipose
      tissue lipids was investigated after 4 and 19 weeks of high-fat feeding (50% fat)
      in comparison to low-fat feeding (3% fat), beginning in the sixth week of age. In
      rats fed the low-fat diet or an usual pellet diet the fatty pattern of liver
      triglycerides (TG) was equal to that of adipose tissue, while there were no
      similarities to the diet. In total liver lipids a constant fatty acid profile was
      observed, independently of the duration of feeding. High fat feeding results
      several changes in the fatty acid pattern of liver lipids. While after 4 weeks
      the fatty acids of liver TG more closely resembled the dietary fatty acids than
      those of adipose tissue, after 19 weeks of feeding the fatty acid composition of
      liver TG is comparable with that of adipose tissue. Not all rats fed the high fat
      diet rendered obese. It could be shown that in rats with higher lipid
      concentrations in the liver only the fatty acid pattern of liver phospholipids
      has been altered, while the composition of TG, which are the lipids primarily
      increased, was not changed.

PMID- 4033744
TI  - The experimental obesity by high-fat feeding--a model for evaluation of the
      biological value of fats.
AB  - The experimental obesity by high-fat feeding of rats, introduced after weaning,
      was found to be a suitable model for evaluation of the biological value of
      nutritional fats with different fatty acid composition: butter (group B), lard
      (L), partially hydrogenated oil (H), lard + sunflower oil 2:1 (LS). The
      differences in the fatty acid composition of these regimens affect: the
      efficiency in creating the model of obesity; the hormonal pattern of blood
      plasma; some metabolic pathways in liver and adipose tissue (especially in group
      H); the fatty acid composition of some structural, reserve and transport lipids;
      some biological tests indicative of membrane's phospholipid and fatty acid
      composition, i.e. the rate of platelets aggregation. A special attention should
      be paid to the striking differences in the cellularity and morphogenesis of
      adipose tissue in group B (hyperplastic obesity) in comparison with all other
      high-fat groups (hypertrophic obesity), irrespective of the identical energy and
      protein content of the diets. Thus, the early administration of a diet with
      butterfat (50% of energy) promoted a model of hyperplastic obesity, while the
      isocaloric diet with lard + sunflower oil caused a hypertrophic type of obesity.
      The authors have proved the regenerating capacity of the periepididymal fat pad
      in adult rats after partial lipectomy. The relative contribution of endogenic and
      exogenic (nutritional) factors in this process is discussed and the modifications
      in the cellularity of adipose tissue on these conditions are evaluated.

PMID- 4033745
TI  - [Cholesterol ester-composition of the adrenal glands of rats in various fat-rich
      diet regimes].
AB  - Cells of adrenal cortex (AC) contain in about 80-90% cholesterol esters (CE),
      related to total cholesterol. It is assumed, that dietary fats can influence the
      composition of CE and hydrolytic activity of AC, leading to disorders in steroid
      biosynthesis. Results are presented about fatty acid composition of CE of AC from
      rats, fed with a fat rich diet containing different dietary fats. 5 groups and 2
      subgroups of male rats at the age of 11 months were investigated: group K-
      control; group Oil--sunflower oil + lard; group Sch--lard; group Bu--butter;
      group Hy--hydrogenated oil: Every 5 animals from groups Oil and Bu were treated
      with dehydroepiandrosterone. Lipids of AC were extracted and analyzed
      chromatographically. The content of CE and other lipid classes did not differ
      among experimental groups and control. Differences in fatty acid composition of
      AC--CE, however, reflect the composition of dietary fats. Trans-isomers were
      detected by Ag+-thin layer chromatography. It can be assumed, that physiological
      barrier against trans-isomers is low. Possibly fat rich diets inhibits
      utilization of linoleic acid, leading to a deficit of arachidonic acid, which
      influences prostaglandin synthesis and causes disorders in steroid biosynthesis.
      Hormone treated animals showed minor differences in fatty acid composition of CE
      in AC in comparison to control. The results outline, that fat-rich diets with
      different dietary fats influence the composition of CE in AC.

PMID- 4033746
TI  - [Quantitative determination of ossification of fetal rat bones with graphic
      analysis].

PMID- 4033747
TI  - Vaccine-damage damage.

PMID- 4033748
TI  - Statutory compensation urged.

PMID- 4033749
TI  - Progress on Theileria vaccine.

PMID- 4033750
TI  - More help required on T and B cells.

PMID- 4033751
TI  - Phorbol ester and sperm activate mouse oocytes by inducing sustained oscillations
      in cell Ca2+.
AB  - The parthenogenetic activation of mouse oocytes by several agents is accompanied
      by a large rise in the intracellular calcium concentration ( [Ca2+]i). The tumour
      promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) activates some
      cellular processes which are also activated by raised [Ca2+] (ref. 2). We
      therefore tested TPA on mouse oocytes and found it to be a potent parthenogenetic
      activating agent. Recent reports suggest that TPA mimics endogenous
      diacylglycerol3 and can stimulate cells by activating protein kinase C without
      raising [Ca2+]i (refs 4, 5). We have now measured [Ca2+]i with aequorin in mouse
      oocytes treated with TPA. Sustained oscillations in [Ca2+]i appeared in those
      oocytes which were subsequently activated. We also measured [Ca2+]i during
      fertilization. The response began with [Ca2+]i transients as reported previously,
      but the transients continued in a regular pattern for 4 h. There was no rise in
      [Ca2+]i of the type induced by activating agents such as ethanol. One component
      of the fertilization response appears to be related to the TPA-induced
      oscillations.

PMID- 4033753
TI  - NIH/FDA dispute likely to delay research.

PMID- 4033752
TI  - Stimulated neutrophils from patients with autosomal recessive chronic
      granulomatous disease fail to phosphorylate a Mr-44,000 protein.
AB  - Phagocytosing neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and eosinophils produce a burst
      of non-mitochondrial respiration that is important for the killing and digestion
      of microbes. Much of the information about the oxidase system involved comes from
      studies on patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a syndrome in which
      an undue predisposition to infection results from complete absence of this burst
      of stimulated respiratory activity. The basis of the oxidase activity is an
      electron transport chain, the only established component of which is a very
      unusual b-type cytochrome (b-245) (ref. 2). The molecular defect in the X-linked
      subgroup of CGD is the absence of this cytochrome b-245, which, however, appears
      to be normal in those subjects with the autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
      In an attempt to identify an abnormality of activation, or an absence or
      malfunction of a proximal component of the electron transport chain in this
      latter group, we examined protein phosphorylation in neutrophils after activation
      of the oxidase with phorbol myristate acetate. All four of the patients studied
      demonstrated a selective lack of the enhanced phosphorylation of a protein of
      relative molecular mass (Mr) 44,000 (44K) that was observed in normal subjects
      and in two CGD patients with an X-linked inheritance. This molecule, therefore,
      could be an important functional component of the oxidase.

PMID- 4033754
TI  - Mounting pressure for reform.

PMID- 4033755
TI  - Water fleas as population model.

PMID- 4033756
TI  - False starts in translational control of gene expression.

PMID- 4033757
TI  - A phage repressor-operator complex at 7 A resolution.
AB  - The crystal structure of a complex between the DNA-binding domain of phage 434
      repressor and a synthetic 434 operator shows that the protein, very similar in
      conformation to gamma repressor, binds to B-form DNA with the second alpha-helix
      of a helix-turn-helix motif lying in the major groove.

PMID- 4033758
TI  - Changing the binding specificity of a repressor by redesigning an alpha-helix.
AB  - We replaced amino acids on the 'outside', or solvent-exposed, surface of the DNA
      recognition alpha-helix of 434 repressor with the corresponding amino acids from
      the recognition helix of P22 repressor. The binding specificity of the resulting
      hybrid protein, as measured in vivo and in vitro, was that of P22 repressor.

PMID- 4033759
TI  - Reconstitution of an active surface T3/T-cell antigen receptor by DNA transfer.
AB  - We have introduced a full-length complementary DNA of the T-cell antigen receptor
      beta-chain into a mutant human T-cell line that lacked a complete beta-chain
      messenger RNA, had a diminished level of alpha-chain transcript and did not
      express surface T3- or antigen receptor. Expression of the transfected beta-chain
      led to a normal level of alpha-chain transcript and a structurally and
      functionally active T3 T-cell antigen receptor complex on the cell surface.

PMID- 4033760
TI  - Haemophilia B caused by a point mutation in a donor splice junction of the human
      factor IX gene.
AB  - Haemophilia B (Christmas disease) is an inherited, recessive, sex-linked,
      haemorrhagic condition caused by a defect in the intrinsic clotting factor IX.
      This disease occurs in males at a frequency of approximately 1 in 30,000.
      Patients differ in the severity of their clinical symptoms, and variation in the
      clotting activity and in the concentration of factor IX antigen in their plasma
      has been demonstrated. There is probably heterogeneity in the molecular defects
      of the factor IX gene causing the disease. Here we study a severely affected,
      antigen-negative patient, and show that the only significant sequence difference
      from the normal factor IX gene is a point mutation changing the obligatory GT to
      a TT within the donor splice junction of exon f. We infer that this change is the
      cause of the disease in this individual. In addition, we have used
      oligodeoxynucleotide probes specific for this mutation to demonstrate the
      feasibility of carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis for relatives of the
      patient.

PMID- 4033761
TI  - Attachment of transported vesicles to microtubules in axoplasm is facilitated by
      AMP-PNP.
AB  - Axoplasm extruded from the squid giant axon has been used to analyse the
      molecular mechanisms of intracellular vesicle transport. Using video-enhanced
      light microscopy, vesicle transport can be observed directly on individual
      microtubules at the edge of the axoplasm. Here we report that AMP-PNP (adenyl-5'
      yl imidodiphosphate), a non-hydrolysable analogue of ATP, reversibly inhibited
      vesicle transport. Moreover, vesicles in solution attach to the microtubules and
      form relatively stable complexes. AMP-PNP may produce this effect by binding to
      an ATP-binding site on the transport machinery, thereby stabilizing the motility
      complex that is normally formed by a transported vesicle, an ATPase and a
      microtubule. The effects of AMP-PNP on the vesicle transport system indicate that
      the enzymatic machinery of this system differs significantly from that of the
      actomyosin system or the dynein-microtubule system.

PMID- 4033763
TI  - What hope for AIDS?

PMID- 4033764
TI  - British nuclear workforce assessed for risks.

PMID- 4033762
TI  - Ethylation interference and X-ray crystallography identify similar interactions
      between 434 repressor and operator.
AB  - In the crystal structure of a repressor-operator complex (the 434 repressor DNA
      binding domain and its 14-base pair (bp) operator), Anderson et al. elsewhere in
      this issue identify six positions of likely contact between repressor protein and
      phosphates of the DNA backbone. At each of these positions, electron densities of
      protein and DNA merge. Experiments presented here indicate that intact 434
      repressor approaches these phosphates very closely when it is bound to DNA in
      solution. Specifically, when any one of these phosphates is ethylated, repressor
      cannot bind to the modified operator. We also identify another position where
      ethylation has a significant but less dramatic effect on repressor binding, and
      note that in the structure, repressor closely approaches this phosphate. Our
      results strongly support the idea that the interactions between protein and the
      DNA phosphate backbone in the crystallized complex are the same as those made by
      intact repressor to operator DNA in solution. In addition, our results suggest
      that DNA is slightly bent by repressor binding.

PMID- 4033765
TI  - US troops and AIDS.

PMID- 4033766
TI  - Birthday present for digitalis.

PMID- 4033767
TI  - Yeast as the universal cell.

PMID- 4033768
TI  - Scavenger cell receptor shared.

PMID- 4033769
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of choline acetyltransferase in vascular endothelial
      cells in rat brain.
AB  - Furchgott and Zawadski have shown that acetylcholine (ACh) does not act directly
      on the smooth muscle of blood vessel walls, but rather via receptors on the
      endothelial cells lining the lumen, to release an endothelium-derived relaxing
      factor (EDRF). As it is very unlikely that neurotransmitter released from the
      periarterial nerves, which are confined to the adventitial-medial border,
      diffuses all the way through the medial muscle coat before acting on endothelial
      cells to release EDRF to produce vasodilatation, this discovery has been regarded
      as an indication of a pathophysiological mechanism, rather than a physiological
      one (see refs 2, 3). ACh is rapidly degraded in the blood by
      acetylcholinesterase, so that ACh must be released locally to be effective on
      endothelial cells. Here we demonstrate the immunocytochemical localization of
      choline acetyltransferase in endothelial cells of small brain vessels, which is
      consistent with the view that the ACh originates from endothelial cells that can
      synthesize and store it. We suggest that release of ACh following damage to
      endothelial cells during ischaemia contributes to a pathophysiological mechanism
      of vasodilation which protects that segment of vessel from further damage as well
      as brain cells from hypoxia.

PMID- 4033770
TI  - Differential inhibition of neurone-neurone, neurone-astrocyte and astrocyte
      astrocyte adhesion by L1, L2 and N-CAM antibodies.
AB  - The cell adhesion molecules L1, N-CAM and Ng-CAM have been implicated in cell
      cell interactions among developing neural cells. L1 and N-CAM are structurally
      and functionally distinct molecular entities and act synergistically in mediating
      Ca2+-independent adhesion between re-aggregating early postnatal cerebellar
      cells. N-CAM has been reported to be neurone-specific in the chicken and to
      mediate fasciculation of neurites and of nerve-muscle interactions. L1, which in
      the central nervous system has been found only on post-mitotic neurones, mediates
      migration of granule cell neurones in the mouse cerebellar cortex. In view of the
      molecules' distinct effects on cell interactions, we wondered whether different
      neural cell types are involved in the actions of each molecule. Here we report
      that L1 antigen promotes neurone-neurone adhesion. N-CAM, which is expressed on
      both neurones and glia, mediates neurone-neurone, neurone-astrocyte and astrocyte
      astrocyte adhesion. The L2 carbohydrate epitope shared between the two adhesion
      molecules seems to be involved in neurone-astrocyte and astrocyte-astrocyte
      adhesion and acts in a more than additive manner in N-CAM-mediated neurone
      neurone adhesion.

PMID- 4033771
TI  - Platelet secretory products inhibit lipoprotein metabolism in macrophages.
AB  - Macrophages possess a receptor that binds low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
      containing lysine residues modified by acetylation (Ac LDL), acetoacetylation
      (AcAc LDL) or malondialdehyde treatment. This receptor (referred to as the Ac LDL
      receptor or scavenger receptor) internalizes the bound lipoprotein. As a
      consequence, massive amounts of cholesteryl esters accumulate so that macrophages
      in culture resemble foam cells found in atherosclerotic lesions. In an effort to
      identify an unmodified mammalian macromolecule that binds to the Ac LDL receptor,
      we investigated whether platelet secretory products affect the receptor-mediated
      endocytosis of chemically modified lipoproteins. Platelets are a potential source
      of such activity because they exist in close association with foam cells in
      developing atherosclerotic lesions. Our study demonstrates that human blood
      platelets secrete a product that inhibits the binding and uptake of AcAc LDL by
      mouse peritoneal macrophages and the subsequent accumulation of cholesteryl
      esters. This is the first indication that an endogenous macromolecule interacts
      with Ac LDL receptor on macrophages.

PMID- 4033772
TI  - Cultured human endothelial cells express platelet-derived growth factor B chain:
      cDNA cloning and structural analysis.
AB  - Vascular endothelial cells have a central role in various pathophysiological
      responses such as acute inflammation, wound healing and atherogenesis. The
      anatomical position of endothelial cells between blood leukocytes and the
      surrounding vascular smooth muscle cells or stromal fibroblasts may intensify and
      focus the effects of released endothelial cell products. Endothelial cells in
      culture produce a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-like mitogen. PDGF
      purified from platelets is a basic protein with an apparent relative molecular
      mass (Mr) of approximately 30,000 (reviewed in refs 2, 3) and is believed to
      comprise two polypeptide chains, PDGF-A and PDGF-B (also referred to as PDGF-1
      and PDGF-2; refs 5, 6). Sequence analysis of PDGF B chain has revealed a striking
      homology with the predicted sequence of p28sis, the transforming protein of
      simian sarcoma virus. sis-Homologous transcripts have been detected by Northern
      blot analysis of RNA from cultured endothelial cells. However, there are no
      structural data available on either the protein product or the messenger RNA to
      establish the identity of the endothelial-derived mitogen with either chain of
      PDGF. Here we report the isolation and complete sequence analysis of a sis
      homologous complementary DNA clone from human endothelial cells, providing an
      opportunity to study the structure of sis as transcribed by a normal
      (untransformed) cell. Our results establish that normal human endothelial cells
      in culture express the B chain of PDGF, and that endothelial-derived PDGF B chain
      is synthesized as a predicted precursor polypeptide of Mr 27,281.

PMID- 4033774
TI  - Nuclear waste. EPA regulates at last.

PMID- 4033773
TI  - Light-regulated and organ-specific expression of a wheat Cab gene in transgenic
      tobacco.
AB  - Many of our most important crop plants are monocotyledons, including wheat, corn,
      rice and barley. No routine transformation system for monocotyledons has been
      reported, such as the Ti-mediated gene transfer system for dicotyledons
      facilitated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Indirect evidence suggests that Ti
      plasmid DNA is transferred into and expressed in A. tumefaciens-infected wound
      tissues of plants from Liliaceae and Amaryllidaceae, but these observations have
      not been extended to monocotyledons of greatest agricultural importance.
      Regeneration of monocotyledons is usually blocked at the callus-stage, further
      complicating the possibility of exploring the regulated expression of their
      genes, and thus preventing identification of the regulatory domains of
      monocotyledonous genes in a homologous nuclear background. To circumvent these
      difficulties, we investigated whether monocotyledonous genes can be expressed and
      correctly regulated in dicotyledons. We have introduced a wheat gene (whAB1.6)
      encoding the major chlorophyll a/b binding protein (Cab) of the light-harvesting
      complex into the genomes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum SR1) and petunia (Petunia
      hybrida) via a Ti-DNA-mediated gene transfer system which allows the transformed
      cells to regenerate into whole plants. Here we report for the first time the
      light-regulated and organ-specific expression of a monocotyledonous gene in
      transgenic dicotyledonous plants.

PMID- 4033775
TI  - Soviet alcoholism. Drunk driver stripped of degree.

PMID- 4033776
TI  - AIDS. US company rejects UK decision.

PMID- 4033777
TI  - Animal intelligence.

PMID- 4033778
TI  - Probe for muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 4033779
TI  - Are peptides good antigens?

PMID- 4033780
TI  - Susceptibility to murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis maps to class I MHC genes-
      a model for MHC/disease associations.
AB  - Susceptibility to some human diseases is linked, albeit weakly, to major
      transplantation antigens (HLA) encoded by the major histocompatibility gene
      complex (MHC). Here we have studied MHC/disease association in inbred strains of
      mice after intracerebral (i.c.) injection of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
      (LCMV). This route of infection leads to a lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)
      which is not the result of direct cytopathic effects of the virus but is caused
      by the induced T-cell immune response: immunocompetent mice die whereas T-cell
      deficient mice survive. By using two plaque variants of LCMV strain UBC (refs
      7,8), we found that susceptibility to LCM was dependent on the LCMV strain used
      ('aggressive' versus 'docile' UBC-LCMV) and on the various genes of the host
      mouse strains. In addition, susceptibility to LCM caused by docile UBC-LCMV was
      clearly linked to the murine major histocompatibility locus H-2D: in MHC
      congeneic C57BL/10 mice, susceptibility correlated with early onset and high
      activity of measurable LCMV-specific cytotoxic T cells in meninges and spleens
      and could be mapped to H-2D. This model shows that a severe immunopathologically
      mediated clinical disease in mice can be regulated directly by MHC genes of class
      I type and supports the notion that many MHC/disease associations directly
      reflect MHC-restricted and MHC-regulated T-cell reactivity.

PMID- 4033781
TI  - Smooth muscle alpha-action is a transformation-sensitive marker for mouse NIH 3T3
      and Rat-2 cells.
AB  - Heteroploid mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and several rat fibroblast strains (Rat-1,
      Rat-2 and REF-52) are cell lines of special interest in the field of
      carcinogenesis because of their extensive use as normal cells in transformation
      assays for putative cancer-causing genes. Exposure of these cells to carcinogenic
      chemicals or oncogenic DNA produces anchorage-independent cells with retracted
      cytoplasms that lack actin cables. All human fibroblast strains, normal and
      transformed, synthesize two electrophoretic forms of actin (beta- and gamma
      actin). In contrast, we discovered that early-passage mouse and rat strains
      synthesize abundant amounts of each of the three electrophoretic forms of actin
      (alpha-, beta- and gamma-actin) but mouse and rat cancer cells express only beta-
      and gamma-actins. We now show that in NIH 3T3 and Rat-2 fibroblasts a third
      actin, the smooth muscle alpha isoform, is abundantly co-expressed with beta- and
      gamma-actin. In every instance tested following transformation to tumorigenicity,
      the accumulation of alpha-actin messenger RNA and alpha-actin synthesis was
      greatly inhibited. Shutdown of alpha-actin expression thus appears to be a
      reproducible transformation-sensitive marker in rodent fibroblasts.

PMID- 4033783
TI  - Pain in animals.

PMID- 4033782
TI  - Local cytoplasmic calcium gradients in living mitotic cells.
AB  - Cytoplasmic free calcium has been proposed as a regulator of many microtubule
      mediated processes, including mitosis. It has been difficult to test this
      hypothesis because methods for local measurement of free Ca2+ in the living cell
      have not been available. We have used the fluorescent calcium indicator dye Quin
      2 (methoxyquinoline-1bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N' -tetra acetic acid),
      which allows such observations to be made by digital processing of fluorescent
      images from the light microscope. Here we report the application of this
      technique to the study of local Ca2+ concentrations in mitotic endosperm cells of
      Haemanthus sp., and show that there is transient increase in free Ca2+ at the
      mitotic spindle poles during anaphase. This locally high Ca2+ may provide a
      mechanism for the regional control of microtubules and other cytoskeletal
      elements during anaphase.

PMID- 4033784
TI  - Sahel famine. An ecological perspective.

PMID- 4033785
TI  - Organelle transport. A third front for cell motility.

PMID- 4033786
TI  - X chromosomes and dosage compensation.

PMID- 4033787
TI  - NSF. Change of direction afoot.

PMID- 4033789
TI  - FDA division to close.

PMID- 4033788
TI  - US textbooks. Californian setback for evolutionists.

PMID- 4033790
TI  - Technostress. Another Japanese discovery.

PMID- 4033791
TI  - Subcellular distribution of oestrogen receptors.

PMID- 4033792
TI  - Animals in research. US rules to be made tighter.

PMID- 4033793
TI  - Pain and laboratory animals.

PMID- 4033794
TI  - Quick-frozen crossbridges.

PMID- 4033795
TI  - A molecular solution to the riddle of the giant panda's phylogeny.
AB  - Although it is generally agreed that the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is
      a member of the order Carnivora, there has long been disagreement over whether it
      should be classified with bears, raccoons or as a single member of its own
      family. Four independent molecular and genetic measures lead to a consensus
      phylogeny for the giant and lesser pandas. The lesser panda diverged from New
      World procyonids at approximately the same time as their departure from ursids,
      while ancestors of the giant panda split from the ursid lineage much later, just
      before the radiation which led to modern bears. The giant panda's divergence was
      accompanied by a chromosomal reorganization which can be partially reconstructed
      from the ursid karyotype, but not from that of procyonids or the lesser panda.
      The apparently dramatic, but actually limited, distinctions between the giant
      panda and the bears in chromosomal and anatomical morphology provide a graphic
      mammalian example of the discordance of molecular and morphological (and
      chromosomal) evolutionary change.

PMID- 4033796
TI  - Induction of functional retinal projections to the somatosensory system.
AB  - Optic axons can be induced to form permanent, retinotopic connections in the
      auditory (medial geniculate, MG) and somatosensory (ventrobasal, VB) nuclei of
      the Syrian hamster thalamus; this occurs when the principal targets of
      retinofugal axons are ablated in newborn hamsters and alternative terminal space
      is created by partial deafferentation of MG or VB. The experimentally induced
      retinal projection to the somatosensory nucleus occurs by the stabilization of an
      early, normally transient projection. The present study was undertaken to
      determine whether the anomalous, stabilized retino-VB projection is functional.
      Newborn hamsters were operated on to produce permanent retino-VB projections and
      when the animals were mature, neurophysiological recordings were made in the
      cortical targets of VB, the first and second somatosensory cortices (SI and SII,
      respectively). Visual stimulation within well-defined receptive fields reliably
      evoked multi-unit responses in SI and SII of operated, but not normal hamsters.
      The representations of the visual field in SI and SII showed a partially
      retinotopic organization. These results demonstrate that optic tract axons can
      form functional synapses in the thalamic somatosensory nucleus, and suggest that
      neural structures which normally process information specific to one sensory
      modality have the potential to mediate function for other modalities.

PMID- 4033797
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies demonstrate protection of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      against complement attack.
AB  - Studies on erythrocytes have shown that the formation of the membrane attack
      complex on a cell surface inevitably results in lysis. However, it is known that
      nucleated cells are much more difficult to kill with complement, although the
      molecular basis of this resistance has never been established. We have shown that
      a very early intracellular event, occurring within seconds of formation of the
      attack complex in the membrane, is a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+, which can activate
      cell responses without cell death 5,6. Here we report the use of a monoclonal
      antibody to the terminal complement component C9, quantified by 125I and
      visualized by fluorescein, to demonstrate a protection mechanism in
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) attacked by complement, involving removal of
      the attack complex by vesiculation. Concomitantly, there is a Ca2+-dependent
      activation of reactive oxygen metabolite production without cell lysis. These
      findings have important implications in the evolutionary and pathological
      significance of the terminal components of the complement pathway.

PMID- 4033798
TI  - Actomyosin structure in contracting muscle detected by rapid freezing.
AB  - It is now widely accepted that the ATP-induced active sliding of adjacent thin
      and thick filaments mediated by myosin heads (cross-bridges) is responsible for
      muscle contraction. Despite intensive studies, the behaviour of the myosin heads
      during muscle contraction is still unclear. Recent progress in the rapid freezing
      electron microscope technique has greatly improved the temporal resolution of the
      images that can be obtained. Here, we report a new type of actomyosin structure
      captured by rapid freezing. We have analysed images from thin sections of freeze
      substituted rabbit skeletal muscle rapidly frozen during isometric contraction.
      For comparison, we also studied relaxed and rigor muscles. Our results show that,
      during isometric contraction, most myosin heads are regularly arrayed along the
      helix of the actin filaments and that this actomyosin structure appears to be
      distinct from that observed in rigor muscle.

PMID- 4033799
TI  - [Pattern and process: complementarity in biological thinking].
AB  - Evolutionary theory is said to explain order in nature by a historical process.
      An analysis of the writings of E. Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire shows, however, that
      pattern and process in nature are not based on simple, i.e. unreflected
      observation, but rather constitute alternative and incompatible ways of
      interpretation of observations according to certain methodological rules. It is
      concluded that pattern and process are complementary views of nature, pattern
      providing process with a direction, process giving an explanation for pattern.

PMID- 4033800
TI  - [The university between general education and professional training].
AB  - The harmony of research, general education and professional training, which was
      an essential element of the classical German university, has been deeply
      disturbed by the enormous increase of student numbers. We discuss, whether the
      demands for a transfer of technology and for a training of an elite of
      specialists can be combined with the task of a helpful education for the majority
      of our students. As an example for a flexible solution we present the program of
      summer-schools ("Ferienakademieprogramm") of the Technical University of Munich.

PMID- 4033801
TI  - 1-Monolinolenoylglycerol specifically potentiates antitumour activity of daphnane
      orthoesters.

PMID- 4033802
TI  - Importance of contaminated food for the uptake of heavy metals in the rainbow
      trout, Salmo gairdneri.

PMID- 4033803
TI  - Mate competition between female rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 4033804
TI  - An electrophysiological analysis of the actions of the 3-PPP enantiomers on the
      nigrostriatal dopamine system.
AB  - Extracellular single unit recording and microiontophoretic studies were carried
      out in chloral hydrate-anesthetized gallamine-paralyzed rats to investigate the
      actions of the enantiomers of the dopamine (DA) analogue 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-n
      propylpiperidine, 3-PPP, on the nigrostriatal DA system. Intravenously
      administered (+)- or (-)-3-PPP consistently inhibited nigral DA neuronal
      activity; these actions were readily antagonized by haloperidol but were not
      affected by a pretreatment of reserpine plus alpha-methyltyrosine. In contrast to
      (+)-3-PPP, the (-)-enantiomer produced only partial inhibition of the majority of
      cells studied and was also capable of partially reversing the inhibitory action
      of apomorphine. A prior hemitransection of the brain did not alter the inhibitory
      action of either enantiomer. Whereas iontophoretically ejected (+)-3-PPP
      consistently reduced DA cell firing rate, similarly applied (-)-3-PPP reduced the
      activity of only some DA cells, while the majority were not influenced. In
      addition, iontophoresis of (-)-3-PPP could reduce the inhibitory effect of
      similarly applied DA or (+)-3-PPP. The (+)-enantiomer reduced caudate neuronal
      activity both after intravenous administration and iontophoresis. Intravenously
      administered (-)-3-PPP failed to influence or increased the activity of these
      neurons and reversed the inhibitory action of apomorphine. However,
      iontophoretically ejected drug reduced caudate cell activity and did not
      influence the inhibitory action of DA. The activity of non-DA zona reticulata
      neurons was inconsistently influenced by the 3-PPP enantiomers. It is concluded
      that (+)-3-PPP is a directly acting DA agonist, stimulating both DA autoreceptors
      and postsynaptic DA receptors. In contrast, (-)-3-PPP appears to be a partial
      agonist at nigral DA autoreceptors, whereas the action of the drug at putative
      postsynaptic DA receptors in the caudate remains to clarified.

PMID- 4033805
TI  - Efflux of 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine from rat hypothalamic slices by continuous
      electrical stimulation: frequency-dependent responses to serotonergic antagonists
      and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
AB  - Rat hypothalamic slices were incubated with 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine and superfused
      in the presence of paroxetine to inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reuptake. The
      slices were continuously stimulated electrically with rectangular pulses at
      varying frequencies. Continuous stimulation for up to 42 min at 1 Hz or at 3 Hz
      evoked a steady efflux of tritium that slowly decayed with time. The efflux
      produced by continuous stimulation at 5 Hz declined more rapidly with time.
      Continuous stimulation at 1 Hz in the presence of increasing concentrations of
      unlabelled 5-HT produced a concentration-dependent decrease in tritium efflux.
      The presence of methiothepin (0.5 mumol/l), quipazine (10 mumol/l) and (-)- but
      not (+)-propranolol (1 mumol/l) attenuated this response to 5-HT. From these
      data, the apparent pA2 values were calculated and found to be in agreement with
      published values. Frequency-dependent responses were determined using a
      "cumulative stimulation" protocol whereby the slices were subjected to three
      consecutive 14 min periods of stimulation at increasing frequencies (1, 3 and
      then 5 Hz). Unlabelled 5-HT (1 mumol/l) inhibited electrically-evoked tritium
      efflux more at 1 than at 5 Hz. Methiothepin (0.5 mumol/l) and quipazine (10
      mumol/l) enhanced the stimulated efflux in a manner inversely related to the
      frequency of stimulation. Neither (+)- nor (-)-propranolol enhanced stimulated
      tritium efflux at any of the three frequencies tested. It is concluded that
      continuous electrical stimulation of rat hypothalamic slices at a low frequency
      provides a rapid means of obtaining apparent affinities and intrinsic activities
      of drugs that modify the serotonergic autoreceptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4033806
TI  - Comparison of the anticonvulsant effects of two novel GABA uptake inhibitors and
      diazepam in amygdaloid kindled rats.
AB  - Two novel, specific inhibitors of GABA uptake, namely SKF 89976-A (N-[4,4
      diphenyl-3-butenyl]-nipecotic acid) and SKF 100330-A (N-[4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl]
      guvacine) were tested for anticonvulsant effects in amygdaloid kindled female
      rats. The anticonvulsant effectiveness of the compounds was compared with that of
      diazepam. SKF 89976-A and SKF 100330-A produced dose-dependent anticonvulsant
      effects on all seizure parameters measured in fully kindled rats, i.e. they
      inhibited seizure severity, increased seizure latency, and decreased the duration
      of motor seizures and EEG after discharges. ED 50s for inhibition of seizure
      severity were 4.6 and 15.1 mg/kg (0.014 and 0.045 mmol/kg) i.p. for SKF 100330-A
      and SKF 89976-A, respectively. For comparison, the ED 50 of diazepam was 1.9
      mg/kg (0.0067 mmol/kg) i.p. Observation of behaviour indicated that the novel
      GABA uptake blockers exerted no side-effects in anticonvulsant doses, whereas
      diazepam produced sedative effects at all active dosage levels. The data
      demonstrate that SKF 100330-A and SKF 89976-A are potent, non-sedative
      anticonvulsant drugs in the kindling model of epilepsy, and these compounds thus
      may deserve interest as potential antiepileptic drugs with a very selective
      mechanism of action.

PMID- 4033807
TI  - The lead structure in cardiac glycosides is 5 beta, 14 beta-androstane-3 beta 14
      diol.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine the lead structure in cardiac
      glycosides at the receptor level, i.e. the minimal structural requirement for
      specific and powerful receptor recognition. Accordingly 73 digitalis-like acting
      steroids were characterized as to the concentration effecting half-maximum
      inhibition of Na,K-ATPase from human cardiac muscle under standardized turnover
      conditions. Since the Ki value equaled the apparent KD value, K'D was expressed
      in terms of the apparent standard Gibbs energy change delta G degrees' of steroid
      interaction with Na,K-ATPase. This allowed the use of the extrathermodynamic
      approach as a rational way of correlating in a quantitative manner, the potency
      and structure of the various steroidal compounds. The results of the present
      analysis taken in conjunction with relevant findings reported in the literature,
      favour the following conclusions. Cassaine, canrenone, prednisolone- and
      progesterone-3,20-bisguanylhydrazone, and chlormadinol acetate are compounds that
      are not congeneric with digitalis. The butenolide ring of cardenolides or the
      analogous side-chains at C17 beta of 5 beta, 14 beta-androstane-3 beta, 14-diol
      are not pharmacophoric substructures, but merely amplifiers of the interaction
      energy of the steroid lead. All modifications of the structure, geometry and
      spatial relationship between the steroid nucleus and butenolide side chain of
      digitoxigenin all at once weaken the close fit interaction with the steroid and
      butenolide binding subsites of the enzyme in such way that the cardenolide
      derivatives interact with the receptor binding site area in whatever orientation
      that will minimize the Gibbs energy of the steroid-receptor-solvent system. The
      "butenolide carbonyl oxygen distance model" (Ahmed et al. 1983) for the
      interpretation of the differences in potency of the cardenolide derivatives
      describes the change in interaction energy through structural modification as a
      function of the entire molecule. 5 beta, 14 beta-androstane-3 beta, 14-diol, the
      steroid nucleus of cardiac glycosides of the digitalis type, is the minimum
      structure for specific receptor recognition and the key structure for inducing
      protein conformational change and thus Na,K-ATPase inhibition. It is also the
      structural requirement for maximum contributions of the butenolide substituent at
      C17 beta and the sugar substituent at C3 beta-OH to the overall interaction
      energy, i.e. this steroid nucleus is the lead structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 4033809
TI  - Effect of gallopamil on energy metabolism of the isolated perfused rat brain in
      the postischemic period.
AB  - The isolated perfused rat brain was used to demonstrate an effect of gallopamil
      on energy metabolism affected by ischemia. After a perfusion period of 30 min and
      10 min of ischemia the isolated brain preparation was reperfused. From the onset
      of perfusion onwards, gallopamil (1 or 10 mumol/l) was present in the medium. The
      higher concentration of gallopamil accelerated significantly the restoration of
      the high-energy phosphates in the recovery stage: after 2 min of recirculation
      the ATP and the creatine-P levels were higher and the AMP level was lower in
      cortical tissue of drug-treated brains than in untreated controls. These results
      suggest that gallopamil protected brain energy metabolism against ischemic
      damage.

PMID- 4033810
TI  - [Proctectomy with preservation of continence].

PMID- 4033811
TI  - [Partial softening of drinking water].

PMID- 4033808
TI  - Thyroid-dependent alterations of myocardial adrenoceptors and adrenoceptor
      mediated responses in the rat.
AB  - Cardiovascular alterations in hypo- and hyperthyroidism have been ascribed to
      changes of noradrenergic neurotransmission. In the present study the influence of
      thyroid hormones on adrenoceptors in the rat heart was further characterized. The
      effect of artificial hypothyroidism (induced by feeding 6-propyl-2-thiouracil,
      PTU) and hyperthyroidism (induced by daily injections of triiodothyronine, T3) on
      myocardial adrenoceptor binding, catecholamines, some physiological responses,
      and their interdependence was examined. The density of myocardial beta-adrenergic
      binding sites (3H-dihydroalprenolol, 3H-DHA) was reduced after PTU (by 38%) and
      enhanced after T3 treatment (by up to 82%). The increase was dose- and time
      dependent and reversible within 4 days. No changes of the affinity of 3H-DHA to
      its binding sites were observed. Only L-T3 and L-T4 proved to be active, D-T3 and
      reverse T3 had no effect. The rise in beta-adrenoceptor density caused by T3 was
      prevented by concomitant administration of cycloheximide, indicating its
      dependence on protein synthesis. The density of myocardial alpha 1-adrenergic
      binding sites (3H-prazosin) was significantly reduced in the PTU group (by up to
      28%) and even more distinctly by T3 treatment (by up to 50%). KD values remained
      unaltered. The noradrenaline content and turnover of rat hearts was significantly
      reduced by T3-induced hyperthyroidism. PTU treatment had no influence on content
      and turnover of noradrenaline. Plasma noradrenaline as well as adrenaline levels
      in freely moving rats were increased by PTU treatment 9- and 5-fold,
      respectively. In T3-injected animals no significant changes were measured. The
      density of adrenoceptors is known to be inversely correlated with catecholamine
      levels in several organs. Neither alpha- nor beta-adrenoceptor changes in the
      myocardium of dysthyroid rats could be attributed to such a homologous
      regulation, since they still occurred after chemical sympathectomy with 6
      hydroxydopamine and adrenalectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4033812
TI  - [Polymyalgia rheumatica: definition of a disease picture].

PMID- 4033813
TI  - [Consensus conference prevention of decubitus].

PMID- 4033814
TI  - [Microscopic hematuria following blunt abdominal injury].

PMID- 4033815
TI  - [Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture].

PMID- 4033816
TI  - [Acute suppurative thyroiditis].

PMID- 4033817
TI  - [A house stands in Holland].

PMID- 4033818
TI  - [Irregular erythrocyte antibodies during pregnancy].

PMID- 4033819
TI  - [Pain control during childbirth, especially epidural analgesia].

PMID- 4033820
TI  - [Consensus "policy regarding thrombocyte transfusions"].

PMID- 4033821
TI  - [Cardiovascular risk factors in men (49 years old or younger) one year following
      the initial myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4033822
TI  - [Restoration of facial function following intratemporal surgery].

PMID- 4033823
TI  - [Poisoning caused by Datura fastuosa (ketjubung)].

PMID- 4033824
TI  - [Pacemaker behavior during therapeutic irradiation].

PMID- 4033825
TI  - Unusual complication of central venous catheter: a case report.

PMID- 4033826
TI  - The efficacy of androgen deprivation in the management of stage D-2
      adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 4033827
TI  - Pulmonary infarct incorrectly diagnosed as lung cancer.

PMID- 4033828
TI  - [Scientific evaluation of psychiatric health systems: principles and research
      strategies].

PMID- 4033829
TI  - [Rehabilitation of psychiatrically handicapped patients in residential
      communities and its effect on duration of hospitalization. A controlled
      retrospective study].

PMID- 4033830
TI  - [Perverse symptom formation as clues in the diagnostic process].

PMID- 4033831
TI  - Clinical features of sporadic Legionella pneumophila pneumonia.

PMID- 4033832
TI  - Non-secreting extramedullary plasmacytoma with late involvement of the pancreas
      causing obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 4033833
TI  - Medical therapy of acromegaly.

PMID- 4033834
TI  - The use of formaldehyde as a preservative in the microscopic examination of urine
      sediment.

PMID- 4033835
TI  - Haemolysis, acute renal failure and haemolytic-uraemic syndrome.

PMID- 4033837
TI  - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration with low-molecular-weight heparin.

PMID- 4033836
TI  - Effects of furosemide administration on ionized calcium in normal subjects.

PMID- 4033838
TI  - Red cell volume and plasma sodium.

PMID- 4033839
TI  - Appearance of systemic amyloidosis in a chronic hemodialysis patient.

PMID- 4033840
TI  - Impaired intestinal absorption of riboflavin in experimental uremia.
AB  - Increased plasma and red blood cell concentrations of riboflavin have been
      reported in uremia. The possible role of altered intestinal absorption of
      riboflavin in the genesis of this abnormality is not known. For this reason we
      examined the intestinal absorption of riboflavin in rats made uremic by subtotal
      nephrectomy and sham-operated (control) rats in vivo using the recycling
      perfusion technique and in vitro using the everted-sac technique. Paradoxically,
      the results showed a significant impairment of intestinal absorption of
      riboflavin in vivo in uremic rats compared to the control group. However, no
      significant difference was observed in riboflavin transport in vitro. We conclude
      that the intestinal absorption of riboflavin is decreased in experimental uremia
      and cannot account for the reported increase in its plasma and red blood cell
      concentrations.

PMID- 4033841
TI  - Effect of hyperparathyroidism on cardiac function in patients with end-stage
      renal disease.
AB  - Heart studies were carried out in 7 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
      who underwent parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism. The studies,
      which included echocardiography and equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA),
      were performed prior to parathyroidectomy and 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months
      following it, on a nondialytic day. Heart rate decreased from 89.3 +/- 1.3 to
      81.4 +/- 1.5 min-1 (p less than 0.001) following parathyroidectomy and returned
      to the initial level at 3- and 6-month examination. Cardiac output decreased from
      3170 +/- 68 to 2943 +/- 57 ml/min (p less than 0.01) following parathyroidectomy
      and returned to basal level on 3 and 6-month determinations. End-diastolic
      dimension (EDD), end-systolic dimension (ESD), septal and posterior wall
      thickness and shortening fraction (SF) as measured by echocardiography were
      normal prior to parathyroidectomy and remained unchanged following it. Left
      ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes
      measured by ERNA did not change following parathyroidectomy. This study suggests
      that hyperparathyroidism has little effect on cardiac performance and, except for
      a short-lived decrease in heart rate and cardiac output, parathyroidectomy does
      not affect cardiac performance when performed in patients with preoperatively
      normal cardiac output.

PMID- 4033842
TI  - Autonomic neuropathy in chronic renal insufficiency. Comparative analysis of
      diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
AB  - Disturbances of peripheral and autonomic nervous system function were evaluated
      in 37 normal subjects, in 52 patients with non diabetic chronic renal
      insufficiency (25 predialysis patients, 27 dialysis patients), and in 21 patients
      with diabetic chronic renal failure (10 predialysis patients, 11 dialysis
      patients). In nondiabetic patients, the predialysis group showed abnormal test
      results indicating parasympathetic lesions, in dialysis patients these
      derangements were nearly normalized. In predialysis diabetic patients, the
      autonomic alterations were much more extensive, corresponding to alterations of
      electroneurographical findings; in addition to parasympathetic lesions,
      sympathetic disturbances were seen. In contrast to the nondiabetic groups, in
      dialysis patients a deterioration of autonomic lesions was observed. In
      conclusion, these data indicate that deranged autonomic functions are common in
      uremia; they improve in dialysis patients with nondiabetic renal failure in
      contrast to diabetic patients; in this group the autonomic functions worsen in
      dialysis patients as a function of duration of diabetes and hemodialysis.

PMID- 4033843
TI  - Effects of high sodium dialysate during maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - The effects of high sodium 144 mmol/l (mEq/l) dialysate were studied in
      normotensive, hypertensive and anephric chronic hemodialysis patients.
      Comparisons of blood pressures, weights and side effects associated with the
      hemodialysis procedure were made between two 6-month periods using dialysate
      sodium concentration of 133 mmol/l (mEq/l), followed by a high dialysate sodium
      of 144 mmol/l (mEq/l), each patient acting as his own control. No difference was
      found in the frequency of cramps or 'disequilibrium' side effects (nausea,
      vomiting, headache, restlessness). High sodium dialysate is beneficial for
      normotensive and anephric patients in reducing dialysis-induced hypotension and
      was not associated with any deleterious effects on long-term blood pressure
      control. In hypertensive patients, the benefit is less clear, and hypertension
      may increase.

PMID- 4033844
TI  - Hemodialysis-associated carpal tunnel syndrome. A clinical review.
AB  - The clinical features of 88 patients who developed carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
      in association with end stage renal failure and chronic hemodialysis were studied
      (11 original cases and 77 collected from the literature). Hemodialysis-associated
      CTS was found to have a 2 to 1 male predominance, to occur more often in
      angioaccess-bearing (86%) than in unoperated arms (48%) (p = 0.005), and to
      require surgical release of the median nerve in most of the cases (86%). The
      analysis of 48 of these patients revealed two patterns of presentation. Patients
      with the 'early pattern' (41.6%) developed CTS within 1 year of commencing
      hemodialysis; diabetes mellitus and/or severe polyneuropathy were present in at
      least 40%. In contrast, patients with the 'late pattern' (58.4%) developed
      symptoms after at least 1 year on hemodialysis; diabetes mellitus and/or
      polyneuropathy were present in less than 10%. CTS should be considered in any
      hemodialysis patient with upper extremity neurological symptoms; early diagnosis
      and treatment will prevent loss of hand function.

PMID- 4033845
TI  - Fractional oxalate clearance in subjects with normal and impaired renal function.
AB  - The 14C-oxalate clearance was determined in 13 healthy subjects and 22 patients
      with various diseases and varying degrees of renal function impairment, including
      5 patients with primary hyperoxaluria (PH). The clearances of oxalate (Cox) and
      creatinine (Ccr) were correlated (r = 0.95). The regression line intersects the
      ordinate at the origin, while the regression coefficient is 2.0. This implies
      that the fractional Cox is constant, irrespective of the underlying disease and
      the degree of renal failure. Plasma oxalate (Pox), as calculated from the urinary
      oxalate excretion (Uox) and Cox, was elevated in patients with severely impaired
      kidney function and those with PH. Plasma creatinine (Pcr) and Pox were
      correlated as well (r = 0.83). Pox values of patients with PH were above the 95%
      confidence limits of the regression line. It is of practical importance that Pox
      can be estimated from Uox and Ccr when a 14C-oxalate clearance test cannot be
      performed. The reasons for the constancy of the Cox/Ccr ratio are discussed, and
      it is suggested that the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) is the regulating
      factor for the tubular secretion of oxalate.

PMID- 4033846
TI  - Renal mercury content in HgCl2-induced acute renal failure in furosemide/saline
      protected and nonprotected rats.
AB  - Renal mercury content, urinary mercury excretion and renal function were studied
      in rats with acute renal failure (ARF) induced by subcutaneous injection of 2, 3,
      6, or 10 mg/kg HgCl2. Similarly poisoned rats were protected against ARF by
      continuous intravenous infusion of furosemide and saline. Excellent protection
      was obtained in rats receiving 2,3, and 6 mg/kg HgCl2, whilst some animals
      developed moderate azotemia after 10 mg/kg HgCl2. Renal mercury content 48 h
      after HgCl2 injection did not differ appreciably between protected and
      nonprotected groups of rats and showed no relation to the dose of HgCl2 injected
      or to the degree of renal failure. Urinary Hg excretion was variable during the
      first 24 h after HgCl2 injection and tended to be higher with higher dosage
      unless the animals became anuric early on. Hg excretion during the second 24 h
      was independent of dosage, but was comparatively high in functionally well
      protected rats and low in oliguric animals with severe renal failure. Attempts at
      detoxication with the potent chelating agent complexon I after 6 mg/kg HgCl2
      failed completely: Renal mercury content was similar to that in the other groups
      of rats and every single rat so treated developed severe anuric renal failure.
      Although dose-dependent functional injury after HgCl2 may be related to the
      amount of Hg reaching the kidney during the initial phase, we have to conclude
      that HgCl2 toxicity is unrelated to the amount of Hg found in renal tissue at 48
      h. Furthermore, furosemide/saline protection does not act through increasing
      urinary Hg excretion or decreasing the amount of toxin accumulating in renal
      tissue.

PMID- 4033847
TI  - [Intracisternal length of cranial nerves 7-12].
AB  - The course of the seventh to twelfth cranial nerves in the posterior fossa is
      described. The relation between the nerves and the cranial vessels, as well as
      their importance in practical medicine are discussed.

PMID- 4033848
TI  - [Experimental-morphologic study of depressed fracture of the skull. Experimental
      model].
AB  - Experimental skull bone models were made and depressed fractures were created.
      The morphological reactions of the skull bone models were observed to be the same
      as in human skulls, that is, that the fractures of the inner side were always
      larger than those of the outer side as a result of the direction of the impacting
      forces (a so-called classical type of reversed "V" form). The reason for the
      reversed "V" form of the depressed human skull fractures was discovered by means
      of these model studies. The reversed "V" form is due to the "HSH" morphological
      structure. It will be now be necessary to correct the error in textbooks
      regarding the depressed fractures, especially morphological illustrations.

PMID- 4033849
TI  - [Are there sport-specific craniocerebral traumas?].
AB  - The incidence of sports accidents is on the increase. The authors examined the
      question whether this is also true of craniocerebral injuries during sports
      activities. For this purpose they studied and assessed all grade I and II
      craniocerebral injuries treated during 1982 at the departments of Surgery and
      Neurosurgery at the University of Gottingen. The craniocerebral injuries had a
      share of 13.5% in the total incidence of Sports accidents. This figure is
      markedly above the comparative figures quoted so far. The incidence of
      craniocerebral trauma varies from one sports discipline to another, depending on
      the popularity of the particular sport. However, a comparison with data published
      in the literature shows that craniocerebral trauma is the most frequent sports
      injury in all disciplines in which the head is particularly exposed.

PMID- 4033850
TI  - [Intracranial pressure measurement in large skull defects].
AB  - We measured the intracranial pressure continuously for a period of four days
      before and after cranioplasty in 12 patients with skull defects larger than 100
      cm2. The results were obtained by epidural monitoring. The device used was the
      "Hellige" pressure measuring device (modified according to Gobiet). We found an
      increased cranial pressure in more than half of the patients (7). In addition the
      same patients showed the most marked neurologic and psychic changes. A
      significant return to normal of the intracranial pressure was noticed in all
      these patients after the closure of the skull defect. Progressive improvement in
      the clinical symptoms was also seen. The pathogenesis of this phenomenon has not
      been completely explained. Several authors consider that an important factor is
      the difference between the intracranial and the atmospheric pressure, However, we
      suggest that another important factor is the cicatricial changes ("scar plate")
      occurring between the cortex, dura and the skin, which exerts pressure on the
      skull contents. Previously, the neurological symptoms which appeared after a
      period of time in patients with large skull defects were attributed to other
      causes. It is only during the past decades--thanks to progress in neuroradiologic
      diagnostics--that a pathoanatomical correlate been found for these changes.

PMID- 4033851
TI  - An improved method for stainless steel wire mesh cranioplasty.
AB  - A method for stainless steel wire mesh cranioplasty is described. The method has
      proved simple and quick. Cosmetic results have been very good and no
      complications have been observed so far. This method seems particularly suitable
      in very large skull defects. It seems to reduce the incidence of the major
      complications of the wire mesh cranioplasties, viz. lifting of the margins,
      depression of the prosthetic vault and electrolytic interference with the
      circulating fluids.

PMID- 4033852
TI  - Acute bilateral extradural haematomas in an adult.
AB  - A case of acute bilateral extradural haematomas in an adult head-injured patient
      is presented. The literature concerning such an extremely rare condition is
      reviewed.

PMID- 4033853
TI  - Acute extradural haematoma following trivial trauma in a case of osteogenesis
      imperfecta.
AB  - A case of an extensive extradural haematoma as a complication in a patient with
      osteogenesis imperfecta is reported. The significance of careful appraisal and
      post-traumatic, neurosurgical observation of patients with osteogenesis
      imperfecta and a history of recent, albeit seemingly trivial, head injury is
      discussed.

PMID- 4033854
TI  - [Evaluation of 138 fractures of the cervical spine during a recent 5-year period
      (1979 to 1983). Therapeutic approaches].
AB  - 138 cervical spine fractures are reviewed during a recent period of 5 years (1979
      1983). Their frequency stay high. The serial concern 67% of men and 33% of women.
      We observe a peak age between 20 and 30 (23%). 65% of lesions are caused by a
      traffic injury, 27% by a falling down, 10% by a diving. 45% of cases interest the
      upper cervical spine (C1-C2) with a high proportion of odontoid process fractures
      (60%) and Hangman's fractures (30%); 54% of cases concern the lower cervical
      spine (C3-C7) with an important part of fracture-luxation (72%), specially C5-C6
      (35%). Clinically, we note almost a same part of fractures without neurological
      disturbances (54%) and with neurological abnormalities (46%). In this situation,
      the sensitive and motor loss are often severe (78%). In 40%, the injuries are
      polytraumatism and association spine lesion, cranio-cerebral lesion is the most
      frequent (61%). In upper cervical spine fractures, after Crutchfield or Gardner
      traction, posterior fixation was performed (62%). The treatment was conservative
      in 30%. In lower cervical spine lesions, a secondary surgical approach by an
      antero-lateral way was made (53%). The treatment was initially surgical in 13%
      and conservative in 28%. The mortality rate of this pathology is important (22%;
      i.e. 30 deaths on 138 cases).

PMID- 4033855
TI  - [X-ray computed tomographic and angiographic aspects of venous angiomas of the
      brain. Apropos of 15 cases].
AB  - Clinical, computed tomography and angiography investigations were conducted in 15
      cases of venous angioma of brain. These rare malformations (70 cases reported)
      are often asymptomatic or are revealed by the onset of epileptic seizures. The
      scanner produced images suggestive of a vascular malformation in 80% of cases.
      However, the purely venous character of the angioma and its exact site require
      confirmation supplied by angiography only, the lesion provoking characteristic
      images from the latter examination.

PMID- 4033856
TI  - [Effects of cranioplasty on neurological function and cerebral blood flow].
AB  - The authors present a review of their experience of cranioplasty in cases showing
      of skull defects. Forty recent case reports were retained out of a total of 125
      cases and of these, 15 showed neurological deficiency prior to cranioplasty. In 7
      out of these 15 cases cranioplasty appeared to have no effect, but in the 8
      remaining cases, an improvement in the neurological condition was observed. In
      connection with these clinical observations, a recent study of a small group of
      patients with skull defects used the Xenon 133 inhalation method to investigate
      cerebral blood flow. In all cases these was a significant postoperative
      improvement in cerebral blood flow. The rate varying from 15 to 30% and this
      improvement was even observable in the case of small skull defects of the order
      of 10 cm2. The mechanism giving rise to such improvements is discussed; it may be
      related to cerebral hemodynamic normalization after skull restoration. The
      improvement in cerebral blood flow brought about by cranioplasty in all the cases
      studied suggests that this technique may be important not only for simple skull
      repair but also to improve neurological function.

PMID- 4033857
TI  - [Treatment of spastic foot by selective neurotomy of the tibial nerve. Results of
      a series of 31 cases].
AB  - A large number of patients suffering from various neurological diseases remain
      disabled because of spastic disorders in their foot. These disorders--which are
      responsible for abnormal postures and painful disturbances for walking and
      standing--can be corrected by an effective procedure: the so-called Selective
      Neurotomy of the Tibial Nerve (T.N.), developed in its modern form by Gros in
      1972. The procedure aims at sectioning the T.N. branches corresponding to the
      muscles, the spasticity of which is considered harmful, i.e. the soleus (and/or
      gastrocnemius) nerves for equinus and ankle clonus, the posterior tibialis branch
      for varus, and the flexor fascicles for tonic flexion of the toes. After
      dissection of each T.N. branches at the lower part of the popliteal region and
      their identification with bipolar electro-stimulation, the selected nerves are
      sectioned partially (about two-third of their caliber) under the operative
      microscope. The present series consists of 37 operations--performed 25 times
      unilaterally and 6 bilaterally--in 31 patients, 17 to 68 year old (39 on
      average). In 11 patients spasticity was from spinal cord origin and in the 20
      others from vascular or traumatic cerebral damages. The spastic disorders-
      installed for 2 to 17 years (4 on average)--were due to one, several or all the
      following components: equinus, ankle clonus, varus, flexion of the toes. Surgery
      obtained complete suppression of the disabling spastic components, total pain
      relief and consequently improvement of the residual voluntary movements by
      achieving balance between agonist and antagonist muscles, in 33 out of the 37
      cases, i.e. in 91% of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4033858
TI  - [Spontaneous dissection of the extracranial internal carotid artery. Apropos of 3
      cases. Usefulness of preventive occlusion-anastomosis].
AB  - Authors point out three observations of spontaneous dissection of cervical
      internal carotid artery (I.C.A.) with various evolution. They emphasize on
      evolutivity of residual aneurysms and necessity to purpose a preventive treatment
      of secondary projections.

PMID- 4033859
TI  - [Temporary bypass in carotid surgery; peroperative study of various metabolic
      parameters and the EEG].
AB  - Out of a whole of patients of nearly 1000 reconstructive operations of the
      extracranial carotid artery, which were carried out by a systematic application
      of the intraluminal shunt, 32 selected patients with extracranial stenosis of the
      internal carotid artery were examined intraoperatively as to the following
      parameters of the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein: pH,
      pCO2, pO2, B.E. and the lactate were determined as well. Statistic analysis shows
      a significant increase of the arteriovenous difference of the lactate from the
      first to the second and from the first to the third sample.

PMID- 4033860
TI  - [Use of a universal plate in osteosynthesis of the cervical spine by the anterior
      approach].

PMID- 4033861
TI  - Effects of neonatal toluene exposure on the development of evoked and spontaneous
      cortical activity in the rat.
AB  - The effects of neonatal toluene exposure on the development of cortical evoked
      responses to sciatic nerve and light stimulation, as well as the spontaneous
      Electrocorticogram (ECoG) of frontal and occipital regions, were studied in rats
      at different developmental ages. The major findings following the solvent
      exposure were a significant prolongation in the mean peak latencies of both
      primary and secondary cortical evoked responses the effects being more severe in
      the sensorimotor area than in the visual cortical region. Additionally the
      experimental animals did not show significant differences in the average
      frequencies histograms of the ECoG in both neocortical areas when compared with
      control littermates. The data suggest that early toluene exposure was primarily
      affecting those brain structures underlying locomotor abilities than those
      related with the functionality of the CNS visual centers.

PMID- 4033862
TI  - The effects of prenatal methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) on holeboard
      exploration and shuttle avoidance performance in rats.
AB  - Forty pregnant rats were given an IP injection of either 0, 14, 22, or 30 mg/kg
      of MAM on day 15 of gestation. One animal of each sex from each litter was tested
      between 80 and 90 days of age in a holeboard mounted on a stabilimeter. An
      additional animal of each sex from each litter was tested between 110 and 120
      days of age in a two-way shuttle avoidance task. In the holeboard task, prenatal
      treatment with MAM resulted in an increased frequency of dipping which was
      accompanied by an increased number of transitions between holes, rather than
      stereotypy. Altered patterns of exploratory behavior over the course of the test
      session were also evident in MAM treated offspring as compared to controls. The
      22 mg/kg group tended to show less of a decrease in their activity levels over
      the course of the session than the other groups. In the shuttle avoidance task,
      prenatal treatment with MAM resulted in a facilitation of avoidance performance
      as compared to controls. In addition, increased activity (as measured by
      intertrial interval crossings) was evident in MAM treated offspring, while escape
      latencies were equivalent across the groups. However, the pattern of results
      suggest that the facilitated avoidance performance cannot be accounted for by the
      increased activity. These results are discussed in terms of various hypothesis
      which may account for the behavioral deficits shown by MAM treated offspring.

PMID- 4033863
TI  - Behavioral and neuropathological effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure in
      mice.
AB  - Pregnant C3H/HeN mice were orally administered a single dose of 20 mg/kg
      methylmercuric chloride on one of days 13 through 17 of pregnancy. They were
      allowed to give birth and the newborn mice were foster mothered, but the weaning
      rate was low. Long-term behavioral impairment was manifest in mice of every
      treated group. The righting movement was mildly disturbed when animals were
      dropped from about 40 cm high. The tail position was low during walking. Some
      animals showed strong flexion of the hind limbs when held by the tail.
      Spontaneous locomotor activity was reduced. At 10-12 weeks of age, the animals
      were sacrificed and the brain was histologically examined. The brain weight was
      reduced. The nucleus caudatus putamen was slightly reduced in size leaving the
      lateral ventricles dilated. Cerebellar folial patterns were slightly simplified.
      These neurobehavioral symptoms and pathological changes tended to be
      comparatively more severe in animals treated on days 13 and 14 of pregnancy than
      those of the other groups, but the differences were small.

PMID- 4033864
TI  - Effects of triethyltin and its interaction with d-amphetamine and chlorpromazine
      on responding under a multiple schedule of food presentation in rats.
AB  - Effects of triethyltin (TET) were studied in rats performing under a multiple
      fixed-ratio 30 fixed-interval 5-min schedule of food presentation. A dose of 1.0
      mg/kg TET produced only marginal effects on responding. A dose of 3.0 mg/kg
      suppressed responding 3 hours after administration, but responding returned to
      control levels by the next day. During a period 2 to 6 weeks after the 3.0 mg/kg
      dose, small rate increases were observed for fixed-interval responding. The 5.6
      mg/kg dose eliminated responding under both schedule components and all the
      animals died on the fourth day. Rats were also given d-amphetamine and
      chlorpromazine before and beginning six weeks after 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg TET
      treatment. Both doses of TET attenuated the rate-increasing effect of d
      amphetamine on fixed-interval responding, but d-amphetamine dose-effect curves
      determined before and after TET administration differed significantly only for
      3.0 mg/kg dose of TET. Chlorpromazine dose-effect curves did not differ
      significantly before and after TET treatment.

PMID- 4033865
TI  - A comparison of physostigmine and soman using taste aversion and nociception.
AB  - The effects of a reversible (physostigmine) and an irreversible (soman)
      acetylcholinesterase inhibitor were compared in terms of nociception using the
      rat tail flick (TF), and hot plate (HP) tests. The conditioned taste aversion
      (CTA) procedure was employed to evaluate the stimulus properties of these drugs.
      In all procedures physostigmine salicylate was administered at doses of 0.20,
      0.32, 0.45, or 0.65 mg/kg, IM. Soman was administered at doses ranging from 40 to
      80 microgram/kg, IM. Using either TF or HP, physostigmine and soman were
      evaluated at 40 min following injection. Both physostigmine and soman produced
      dose-related effects on each measure of nociception. The median effective dose of
      physostigmine was 0.27 mg/kg on TF and 0.55 mg/kg on HP. For soman, the median
      effective dose was 54 micrograms/kg on TF and 52 micrograms/kg on HP. In the CTA
      procedure, a novel, saccharin sweetened solution was paired with either
      physostigmine or soman. Three days later rats were offered a choice of saccharin
      or tap water. Both soman and physostigmine produced dose-related CTAs over the
      range of doses studied. Whereas the ED50 for soman was 59 micrograms/kg with
      significant effects at doses of 60 micrograms/kg or more, physostigmine produced
      effects at doses of 0.45 mg/kg or greater (ED50 = 0.05 mg/kg) with no additional
      changes in saccharin preference beyond 0.45 mg/kg. The data suggest that these
      experimental procedures, TF, HP, and conditioned taste aversion may be employed
      to evaluate the behavioral toxicity of physostigmine and soman.

PMID- 4033866
TI  - Validation of human behavioral tests using ethanol as a CNS depressant model.
AB  - This study evaluated the sensitivity of a battery of tests proposed for use in
      determining the depressant effects of chemicals on human central nervous system
      (CNS) function. The first step in the development of such tests was to determine
      if the tests could detect the effects produced by a known CNS depressant,
      ethanol. Five behavioral tests, digit span memory, simple reaction time,
      tachistoscopic perception, flicker fusion and anticipation timing (velocity
      estimation) were evaluated to determine their sensitivity to the effects of
      ethanol at blood levels between 0.05-0.06%. Thirty-one adult male volunteers
      received 0 and 1.4 ml 100 proof vodka/kg body weight according to a double-blind
      crossover design. Tests were conducted before treatment and between 30 and 70
      minutes after an ethanol or control drink was ingested. Multivariate analysis of
      variance (MANOVA), using composite scores representing the individual tests,
      indicated that the battery as a whole detected statistically significant ethanol
      effects. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing performance
      after drinking ethanol to control performance on each of the individual tests
      indicated a significant decrement in reaction time, tachistoscopic perception and
      anticipation timing.

PMID- 4033867
TI  - Factors affecting the outcome of maternal alcohol exposure: II. Maternal age.
AB  - Despite relatively comparable amounts of alcohol ingestion, not all women who
      drink excessively give birth to children with fetal alcohol effects. The present
      study evaluated how maternal age affects the outcome of pregnancy in maternal
      rats of different ages. All dams were nulliparous and were 66, 121 or 156 days at
      time of treatment. Alcohol was administered at a dose of 3.5 g/kg, twice daily on
      gestation days 11-21. Alcohol had a greater impact on offspring born to older-
      and middle-age dams than to younger dams on a number of attributes including
      neonatal mortality and birth weight.

PMID- 4033868
TI  - Effects of acrylamide on multiple behavioral endpoints in the pigeon.
AB  - Little is known about acrylamide's effects on cognitive function in animals.
      Twelve pigeons were trained to stable levels of performance. We then determined
      the effects of subchronic exposure (p.o.) of 0, 20, and 60 mg/kg/day of
      acrylamide monomer on (1) duration discrimination responding; (2) fixed-interval
      performance; and (3) shape discrimination responding. Sixty mg/kg/day caused
      rapid impairment on all tests; recovery of various endpoints varied from 2 or 3
      days to more than 4 weeks. Response latency recovered much more rapidly than the
      accuracy of duration discrimination. Measures of responding and discrimination
      recovered at approximately the same time for the FI and shape discrimination. FI
      response rate remained elevated post-acrylamide. Administration of 20 mg/kg/day
      for 90 days produced a consistent, but not significant, decrease in the accuracy
      of duration discrimination. Acrylamide affects a variety of behavioral processes
      involving sensory, motor and associative functions.

PMID- 4033869
TI  - Immunoblot identification of glial fibrillary acidic protein in rat sciatic
      nerve, brain, and spinal cord during development.
AB  - The appearance of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) during embryonic and
      postnatal development of the rat brain and spinal cord and in rat sciatic nerve
      during postnatal development was examined by the immunoblot technique.
      Cytoskeletal proteins were isolated from the central and peripheral nervous
      system and separated by SDS slab gel electrophoresis or two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. Proteins from the acrylamide gels were transferred to
      nitrocellulose sheets which were treated with anti-bovine GFAP serum and GFAP was
      identified by the immunoblot technique. GFAP was present in the embryonic rat
      brain and spinal cord at 14 and 16 days of gestation respectively. The appearance
      of GFAP at this stage of neural development suggests that the synthesis of GFAP
      may be related to the proliferation of radial glial cells from which astrocytes
      are derived. It is also feasible that GFAP provides structural support for the
      radial glial cell processes analogous to its role in differentiated astrocytes.
      GFAP was found to be present in rat sciatic nerves at birth and at all subsequent
      stages of development. These results indicate that some cellular elements in the
      rat sciatic nerve, such as Schwann cells, are capable of synthesizing GFAP which
      is immunochemically indistinguishable from its counterpart in the central nervous
      system. Thus it appears that GFAP is present both in the central and peripheral
      nervous system of the rat when the glial cells synthesizing GFAP are still
      undergoing differentiation.

PMID- 4033872
TI  - Isolation and purification of myelin proteolipid protein using high speed gel
      filtration in sodium dodecyl sulfate.
AB  - Small and preparative gel filtration columns were studied for high pressure
      liquid chromatography of myelin proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The
      preparative column proved useful for isolating and purifying proteolipid protein
      almost free (0.3-0.5%) of myelin basic protein as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE, MBP
      RIA, and immunoblotting. The small columns were not as useful as SDS-PAGE for
      analytical purposes.

PMID- 4033870
TI  - Properties of acetylcholinesterase and non-specific cholinesterase in rat
      superior cervical ganglion and plasma.
AB  - Amphiphile dependency, solubility in aqueous solutions, and sensitivity to
      proteolysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and nonspecific cholinesterase (nsChE)
      in the rat superior cervical ganglion were studied and compared to properties of
      soluble plasma cholinesterases. Ganglion AChE shows strong amphiphile dependency:
      an amphyphilic substance must be present in the homogenizing medium in order to
      obtain maximal apparent enzyme activity. Apparent activity of AChE solubilized in
      Ringer's solution was also increased after subsequent addition of a detergent.
      The 4 S molecular form, predominant in this extract (corresponding to the fastest
      electrophoretic band), is very sensitive to papain proteolysis but can be
      protected by a detergent. This molecular form therefore carries an important
      hydrophobic domain and is probably membrane bound in situ. The 10 S form of
      ganglionic AChE, extracted in Ringer's solution, is probably a soluble enzyme
      since, like soluble plasma enzymes, it is not amphiphile dependent and is rather
      resistant to proteolysis. Ganglion nsChE is more water soluble, less amphiphile
      dependent and more protease resistant than AChE.

PMID- 4033871
TI  - Neurite-promoting factors from a sympathetically innervated target tissue.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that various cell types can produce and
      secrete polyornithine-attachable neurite promoting factors when cultured. This
      study describes an endogenous source of polyornithine-attachable neurite
      promoting factors. The active material extracted from an avian smooth muscle, the
      expansor secundariorum, is able to enhance neurite outgrowth from embryonic chick
      sympathetic neurons when applied to a polyornithine substrate. Unlike other
      polyornithine attachable factors, the material is also able to support the
      neurons for at least 72 hr in the absence of any added survival factors. Partial
      purification of the active material was achieved by affinity chromatography on
      polyornithine-Sepharose. The findings support the proposal that neurite promoting
      factors may have a definite physiological role in addition to their well
      established in vitro activity.

PMID- 4033873
TI  - 2,5-Hexanedione and acrylamide produce reorganization of motoneuron perikarya.
AB  - During acrylamide and hexacarbon exposure few changes have been reported in
      motoneuron perikarya. In the present study, light microscopic examination of
      lumbar motoneurons from rats intoxicated with either 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) or
      acrylamide showed relatively few nonspecific changes compared to controls.
      However, ultrastructural study of 2,5-HD-intoxicated perikarya revealed a range
      of cytological reorganization: nuclear eccentricity and capping, reduced numbers
      of large Nissl bodies, and mitochondrial hypertrophy and hyperplasia. In 2,5-HD
      intoxicated perikarya, computer-assisted stereologic analysis demonstrated a
      significant increase in the volume density of mitochondria. Ultrastructurally,
      acrylamide-intoxicated perikarya showed a marked reduction in the size of Nissl
      bodies. Stereologic analysis showed reductions in Nissl bodies, granular
      endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, and an increase in mitochondria. Taken
      together, these qualitative and morphometric changes, which were not obvious on
      light microscopic examination, imply significant reorganization of perikaryal
      metabolism.

PMID- 4033874
TI  - Irradiation and BCNU effects in the stroma in a rat transplanted glioma model:
      analysis of cerebral tumor bed effect.
AB  - F-344 rats were treated with whole-brain fractionated or unfractionated 137Cs at
      several time intervals up to 6 weeks before they received intracerebral grafts of
      an ethylnitrosourea-induced rat astrocytoma (36B-10). Rats treated with a single
      dose of 18 Gy at 3- and 2 week intervals prior to tumor implantation died earlier
      than unirradiated control tumor recipients (P less than 0.05, log rank sum test).
      Delivered 2 weeks prior to tumor grafting single doses of 10, 15, and 20, but not
      5 Gy also reduced animal life span (P less than 0.05). Similarly, a total dose of
      38 but not 28.5, 19, or 9.5 Gy, each delivered in five daily fractions 2 1/2
      weeks before tumor grafting, shortened survival (P less than 0.05). Chemotherapy
      with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (13.3 mg/kg) alone or in combination
      with a single-dose of irradiation of 18 Gy 3 weeks preceding transplantation
      showed no effect on animal survival. Unirradiated control tumors demonstrated
      sheets of densely-packed isomorphic astrocytes, perivascular brain parenchymal
      invasion, sparse, thin-walled vasculature, frequent mitoses, but little necrosis
      or hemorrhage. The tumors of rats irradiated before transplantation showed large
      areas of confluent necrosis associated with microvascular thrombosis, edema, and
      multifocal acute hemorrhages. These survival results and morphological changes
      indicate that the cerebral tumor bed effect involves early animal death and
      extensive morphological changes in the tumors; and they suggest that tumor cell
      death in irradiated brain tumors may, in part, result from radiation-induced
      vascular injury.

PMID- 4033875
TI  - Intracranial malignant teratoma.
AB  - A case of malignant teratoma arising near the third ventricle in an adult is
      reported. It represented a true teratoma containing elements of all three germ
      layers of which two, namely the mesenchymal and endodermal elements have
      undergone malignant change. It was characterized by rapid recurrences after two
      operations with death occurring shortly after the second operation.

PMID- 4033876
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in syringomyelia.
AB  - Myelography and myelography assisted with computed tomography have been the most
      commonly used radiographic methods in the study of syringomyelia. These studies
      have never been entirely reliable in demonstrating the syrinx cavity and its
      relationship to other intracranial structures. During the 1st year of operation
      of the magnetic resonance imaging facility, the syringomyelic cavity was
      demonstrated in 15 patients who all had typical clinical signs and symptoms
      associated with syringomyelia. Nine cases were syringomyelia with Chiari
      malformation. One case showed additional hydrocephalus. Four cases were
      idiopathic, and 1 case was remotely posttraumatic. Magnetic resonance imaging,
      although it is in its infancy, already promises to be the most important
      radiographic technique for syringomyelia because it provides an anatomically
      truthful visualization of the sagittal plane of the cervical cord and can
      demonstrate the syrinx cavity and its relationship with the cerebellar tonsils,
      the 4th ventricle, and other related structures.

PMID- 4033877
TI  - Complications of cerebral revascularization with autogenous vein grafts.
AB  - Autogenous veins were used for cerebral revascularization 29 times. There were 17
      long grafts to the cortex and 12 shorter grafts for reconstruction of cervical
      vessels. Of the long cortical grafts, 5 occluded and 3 patients developed
      intracerebral hemorrhage. With the shorter grafts, all remained patent and there
      were no hemorrhagic complications. A combination of a relatively low flow rate
      and endothelial damage in the graft was thought to be largely responsible for
      early graft failure. Revascularization of an infarct and hypertension were
      implicated in cases with intracerebral hemorrhage.

PMID- 4033878
TI  - Myxomatous degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc.
AB  - Sixteen patients were operated on for lumbar pain and pain radiating into the
      sciatic nerve distribution. In all 16, when the anulus fibrosus was incised,
      soft, gray disc material extruded under pressure like toothpaste being squeezed
      from a tube. This syndrome of myxomatous degeneration is a distinct entity,
      different from classical fibrotic disc degeneration or herniated nucleus
      pulposus. Surgical removal associated with partial facetectomy produced excellent
      results. The concept of incompetence of the anulus fibrosis is discussed.

PMID- 4033879
TI  - Axis fractures: a comprehensive review of management and treatment in 107 cases.
AB  - The combination of movement, location, and anatomy of the axis predisposes it to
      multiple and varied fracture/dislocations distinct from other vertebrae. We
      examine all forms of axis fractures and address the appropriate treatment for
      each specific fracture type. In a retrospective review of 625 cervical spine
      fractures during an 8-year period, we found 107 axis fractures. There were 25
      hangman's fractures (23%), 59 odontoid fractures (55%), and 23 miscellaneous
      fractures (22%). Each case was characterized by age, sex, the presence of
      associated injuries, presenting symptoms and findings, initial treatment, and
      results of that treatment. Excluding 6 early deaths, 90 of 101 patients were
      located for a median follow-up of 3.2 years. We found that 17% of cervical
      fractures involve the axis. Axis fractures have a high association with head and
      other cervical spine injuries, 40% and 18%, respectively. Few neurological
      deficits result from a fracture of the 2nd cervical vertebra. Hangman's fractures
      are effectively treated with external stabilization, preferably with a halo vest.
      We noted a shorter period of treatment using the halo vest as compared to the
      SOMI brace. Nonunion occurred in 26% of odontoid Type II fractures, but occurred
      in 67% of those with dens displacement of 6 mm or greater, regardless of age or
      direction of dislocation. We recommend early surgical therapy for this subgroup.
      There is no correlation between age and the rate of nonunion. In patients with
      odontoid Type II fractures with dens displacement of 0 to 5 mm, fusion occurs
      with external stabilization alone. Odontoid Type III fractures are one-half as
      common as Type II fractures, and all heal well with external stabilization.
      Twenty-two per cent of acute axis fractures are not hangman's or odontoid
      fractures. Miscellaneous fractures of the axis generally do well with external
      stabilization and immobilization.

PMID- 4033880
TI  - A mathematical model for the mechanics of saccular aneurysms.
AB  - We constructed and discussed a mathematical model of intracranial saccular
      aneurysms based on the static mechanics of hollow vessels and were able to focus
      on three variables that are fundamental to the process of enlargement and rupture
      of these lesions. They are blood pressure (P), wall strength (sigma), and total
      wall substance (VT), which, if assigned values of 150 mm Hg, 10 MPa, and 1.0 mm3,
      lead to model-predicted values of 8 mm for the diameter and 40 micron for the
      wall thickness for the critical geometry of aneurysmal rupture. These are
      quantitatively similar to published measurements. The model is based on the
      assumption of a uniform thin spherical shell for the saccular aneurysm. The
      interrelationship of the variables, expressed in the equation for critical size
      at rupture (dc) (i.e., dc = [4 sigma VT/(pi P)]1/3), draws attention to the need
      for quantitative studies on aneurysmal geometry and on the stereology of the
      structural fraction of the aneurysmal wall. We concluded that tissue recruitment
      from around the initial site or hypertrophy of the wall tissue is commonly
      involved in the aneurysmal process. We identify the paradox of elastic stiffness
      and stability, which are characteristic of autopsy specimens in the laboratory,
      in contrast to plastic behavior and irreversible strain, which are essential to
      the natural process of enlargement of saccular aneurysms.

PMID- 4033881
TI  - Paranasal sinusitis: a common complication of nasotracheal intubation in
      neurosurgical patients.
AB  - Sinusitis secondary to nasotracheal intubation has not been reported to occur in
      neurosurgical patients. Over a 1-year period, 11 patients admitted to the
      Intensive Care/Trauma Unit at St. Paul Ramsey Medical Center developed this
      entity. The mean age of these patients was 36 +/- 4 years; 7 were trauma victims,
      3 had each had a subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 1 had suffered hypertensive
      hemorrhage. The patients presented with fever of unknown origin (FUO) and
      evidence of persistent hypermetabolism without an obvious cause. In 8 cases, the
      diagnosis was not suspected until mucopurulent nasal discharge was noted. Three
      additional cases were evaluated for suspected sinusitis before the occurrence of
      discharge. The mean duration of intubation before the diagnosis of sinusitis was
      7.8 +/- 1.5 days. The diagnosis was confirmed by sinus films with a Waters view
      in 7 cases or by computed tomographic scanning in 4 cases and by bacteriological
      cultures. Two cases involved only the maxillary sinus on the side of intubation;
      the rest were polysinusites. The organisms involved included gram-positive and
      gram-negative species; all were polymicrobial with a single organism predominant.
      Secondary pulmonary involvement was common, and 4 patients revealed a bacteremia
      consistent with the major sinus organism. One patient developed septic shock.
      Treatment involved either orotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. This was
      curative in all cases. It is concluded that neurosurgical patients nasally
      intubated are at risk for sinusitis, which can have untoward effects such as
      septicemia or pulmonary infection. A high degree of suspicion will permit early
      diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 4033882
TI  - An unusual spinal meningioma in a child: case report.
AB  - Meningiomas seldom occur in children, and spinal meningioma in a child is rare.
      We report the case of a boy, 3 years and 5 months of age, who had an unusual
      atypical meningioma involving the subarachnoid space from T-2 to the cauda
      equina. To our knowledge, no similar case has been reported previously.

PMID- 4033883
TI  - Spinal cord compression due to postoperative cervical pseudomeningocele.
AB  - A case of spinal cord compression due to postoperative cervical pseudomeningocele
      is reported. A 63-year-old man had undergone osteoplastic laminectomy of the C-3
      through C-6 laminae for quadriplegia after a traffic accident 1 year and 4 months
      earlier. Computer-assisted tomography with metrizamide injection showed a
      pseudomeningocele in the paraspinous area at the C-3 through C-6 level.

PMID- 4033884
TI  - High altitude: an unusual cause of neurological deterioration in a patient with
      an arteriovenous malformation.
AB  - High altitude associated with neurological deterioration is an unusual
      presentation for an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A case report of a man with
      a left temporal occipital AVM who developed symptoms that were markedly
      intensified by exposure to high altitude is presented. The AVM was removed
      surgically, and all symptoms resolved. The pathogenesis of this unusual AVM
      symptom complex is discussed in this report.

PMID- 4033885
TI  - Operative normalization of skull shape in sagittal synostosis.
AB  - The skull shape of most infants with sagittal synostosis can be normalized
      intraoperatively by combining sagittal strip, occipital circular, and parietal
      wedge craniectomies. The technique is associated with minimal morbidity.

PMID- 4033886
TI  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a cerebral aneurysm at the anastomotic site
      between the frontoorbital artery and the anterior ethmoidal artery: a case
      report.

PMID- 4033887
TI  - Myelomeningocele occurring within a lumbosacral teratoma: case report.
AB  - The occurrence of a myelomeningocele completely embodied within a lumbosacral
      teratoma is extremely rare. We report on the clinical presentation, radiological
      appearance, surgical treatment, and histological make up of such a lesion.

PMID- 4033888
TI  - Giant aneurysm of an azygos anterior cerebral artery: report of two cases and
      review of the literature.
AB  - The authors present two cases of a largely thrombosed giant aneurysm of an azygos
      anterior cerebral artery. An aneurysm of an azygos artery is rare, and a giant
      aneurysm in this location is extremely rare.

PMID- 4033889
TI  - Lateral atlantooccipital dislocation: case report.
AB  - A case of lateral atlantooccipital dislocation is presented, and its successful
      management is outlined, demonstrating the importance of the physical examination
      and the utilization of computed tomography. Open reduction and stabilization with
      direct visualization of the spinal axis is the preferred method of treatment.

PMID- 4033890
TI  - Epidural hematoma and diffuse axonal injury.

PMID- 4033891
TI  - Microprolactinoma and large prolactinoma: are they two different diseases.

PMID- 4033892
TI  - Tension pneumocephalus.

PMID- 4033894
TI  - Recurrent course of primary affective disorders: explanation by the theory of
      biorhythms.
AB  - The authors present the classification of biorhythms from the cybernetic aspects.
      They utilize this approach in describing and explaining the clinical course of
      periodic diseases in general, and of primary affective disorders in particular.
      In more complex organisms there exists a great number of single subsystems and
      their interactions, and therefore more possibilities arise for the development of
      natural biorhythms. If the number of single subsystems is 'n', the number of
      possible interactions may reach the maximum value of 'n!'. In more simple
      organisms the pseudobiorhythms may develop. This study focuses on the
      relationship of proper biorhythms to the recurrent course of illness, especially
      to that of primary affective disorders (PAD). Based on Fourier's decomposition of
      the periodical course into single ones, the authors hypothetically explain the
      peculiarity of the periodic course of PAD. In addition to sine form courses, the
      recurrences may originate from superimpositions of courses which originate from
      nonlinearity of single subsystems and are not harmonic. In real biosystems, such
      courses are undoubtedly more frequent than purely harmonic courses. This
      observation does not contradict the applied mathematical model, because each of
      these nonharmonic periodical courses may be decomposed into the harmonic ones.
      The proposed hypothesis presents an alternative or a supplementary model to the
      prevailing hypothesis which explains the course of PAD by the desynchronization
      of circadian rhythms controlled by special biooscillators.

PMID- 4033893
TI  - Biochemical, physical and psychological findings in patients suffering from
      cardiac neurosis.
AB  - In 10 patients suffering from cardiac neurosis changes in plasma norepinephrine
      (NE) and epinephrine (E) were studied by an upright bicycle exercise and during
      psychological stress. Psychometric tests were also performed. 6 healthy subjects
      served as a control group. At exercise, no relevant differences in blood pressure
      and heart rate regulation between patients and controls were present. The NE and
      E increase was normal and similar in both groups. During psychological stress an
      equal plasma NE increase was seen in both groups. During recovery, however, a
      sustained release of NE was present in patients. It is concluded that patients
      with cardiac neurosis respond to psychological stress by an inappropriate
      sustained activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 4033895
TI  - Clinical efficacy of drugs predicted from drug effects after short-term
      administration in animals, normal subjects and patients.

PMID- 4033896
TI  - Electroencephalographic Cartography. I. By means of mini- or microcomputers.
      Reliability and interest of this electrical non-invasive brain imagery.
AB  - We have recorded control subjects, neurological and psychiatric patients (n = 217
      sequences recorded over both hemispheres). Minicomputers (HP Fourier analyzer, HP
      1000) for spectral analysis provided 10 spectral parameters over 5 spectral
      frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta 1, beta 2, raw EEG). For each recorded
      sequence, 90 EEG maps could be computed over both hemispheres. Topo-EEGs were
      stored in an EEG image data bank. An EEG mapping microcomputer system linked with
      a digital polygraph (Alvar Electronic, REEGA 2000) has been used simultaneously.
      White noises have been fed into both computers for testing spatial resolution.
      Ten topo-EEGs have been recorded in control subjects and patients. The
      microcomputer system has provided very reliable topographical results when
      compared to similar maps generated by the minicomputer. A common average
      reference has been used. First clinical applications have been studied (brain
      strokes, brain tumors). The method appears very reliable in comparison with CT
      scans.

PMID- 4033897
TI  - Psychiatric disorder in the parents of adopted children with aggressive conduct
      disorder.
AB  - The authors found that adoptive fathers of children with aggressive conduct
      disorder less often had alcoholism and antisocial personality than the natural
      fathers of nonadopted children with the same disorder. This evidence suggests
      that social factors which are widely held to produce the disorder are not
      necessary causes.

PMID- 4033898
TI  - Tobacco effects on cortical evoked potentials to distracting stimuli.
AB  - In a group of female smokers, cortical evoked potentials (EP) were averaged to
      low and high intensity auditory stimuli which were presented during both task and
      non-task conditions and in separate smoking and non-smoking sessions. Four
      individual EP peaks, P1,N1,P2,N2 and 3 peak-to-peak measures, P1-N2, N1-P2, N2
      P2, were involved in amplitude analysis. Tobacco significantly interacted with
      intensity and task condition to produce both increases (P1, N1) and decreases
      (P2, P2-N2) in amplitudes of EP peaks. The results are discussed in relation to
      arousal and information processing.

PMID- 4033899
TI  - Delineation of pharmacopsychological effects by means of endogenous event-related
      brain potentials: an exemplification with flupentixol.
AB  - A new experimental paradigm for studying cognitive functions by means of
      endogenous event-related brain potentials is presented. The paradigm has the
      following characteristics: (1) subcomponents of 'P300' (P3a, P3b, positive slow
      wave) and subcomponents of 'CNV' (early and late wave) are separated in time; (2)
      probability effects known to work on P300 subcomponents are completely under
      experimental control; and (3) psychologically defined antecedent conditions which
      affect particular endogenous components can be manipulated precisely and
      independently of each other. The usefulness of the paradigm for monitoring
      pharmacopsychological effects on cognitive functions is exemplified by means of
      flupentixol (Fluanxol 0.5). Reliable drug effects were observed with a dosage of
      2 mg/day after 4 days of treatment. The results can be taken as evidence that
      flupentixol has an impairing effect on human information processing resources; in
      particular functions related to motor preparation, perceptual analysis, and
      memory retrieval are affected.

PMID- 4033900
TI  - Sleep patterns of sober chronic alcoholics.
AB  - The somnopolygraphs of 26 sober chronic alcoholics were compared with those of an
      age-matched control group, after approximately 25 days of sobriety. The sleep
      efficiency index and latency to sleep onset were significantly disturbed in
      alcoholic subjects. There was a decrease in the number of REM episodes. Slow-wave
      sleep was unaffected except for an increase in the latency to stge 4 sleep. These
      findings are discussed in the light of previous research.

PMID- 4033901
TI  - Prefrontal cortex and the sequencing of movement in monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - There have been suggestions that the prefrontal cortex may play a role in the
      regulation of higher-order sequences of behaviour. In this experiment monkeys
      were taught a sequence of three movements. After removal of either sulcus
      principalis or the superior prefrontal convexity monkeys were able to perform the
      sequence normally. After removal of arcuate cortex (areas 8 and 6) monkeys were
      slow to learn the task; but it is argued that their impairment may not be one of
      sequencing per se.

PMID- 4033902
TI  - Gesture fluency after focal cortical lesions.
AB  - Patients with unilateral cortical excisions and normal control subjects were
      given two 'gesture fluency' tasks: one assessed their ability to generate novel
      finger positions, and the other their ability to produce meaningful gestures.
      Patients with left-frontal lesions were impaired on both tasks, and patients with
      right-frontal lesions were impaired on the latter. The deficit after right
      frontal lesions appeared to be associated with involvement of ventro-lateral or
      orbital cortex, whereas there was no evidence for localization within the left
      frontal lobe. The results extend previous findings of deficits after frontal
      lesions on tests of word and design fluency.

PMID- 4033903
TI  - Manual sequence learning after focal cortical lesions.
AB  - Patients with unilateral frontal or temporal excisions and normal control
      subjects learned sequences of hand positions. Left-frontal and left-temporal
      lesions impaired learning these sequences. No group had particular trouble when
      order of response was restricted to the original order, compared to when it was
      not restricted; nor were group differences seen when subjects learned new orders
      of already-familiar positions. Delayed recall of the positions (which had been
      learned to a common criterion), was not impaired in any group. Results suggested
      a role of the left-frontal and left-temporal lobes in learning series of manual
      responses.

PMID- 4033904
TI  - The effect of lesions of the corpus callosum on finger localization.
AB  - Finger localization was studied in 10 cases of cerebral commissurotomy (four
      complete, six partial) and 24 normal subjects. Stimulation of one finger with the
      same hand responding produced ceiling performance in all subjects. Responses with
      the other hand (cross-localization) were 82% worse with full commissurotomy, 28%
      worse with the trunk of the corpus callosum sectioned, and 7% worse in the
      controls. The trunk of the corpus callosum normally transfers tactile
      information, but the splenium can subsume 50% of this function and tactile
      transfer with complete commissurotomy exceeded chance levels. The partially
      sectioned and normal male subjects showed a right-hand stimulation advantage for
      sequences. In both normals and partially sectioned subjects, cross-localization
      was poorest when mirror-image transfer of finger sequences was required, while
      spatial alignment of the fingers facilitated transfer. With complete
      commissurotomy, response hand orientation did not affect cross-localization. Thus
      the corpus callosum transmits the position of each hand between the hemispheres.

PMID- 4033905
TI  - Hand and hemispace effects in tactual tasks in children.
AB  - In Experiment I, 3-and 5-yr-old dextrals matched textures better by either hand
      when it operated in left hemispace. Girls and 3-yr olds were the more
      disadvantaged by non-alignment of hand and hemispace. In Experiment II, 8-yr-olds
      reproduced finger sequences; dextrals demonstrated a right-hand and sinistrals a
      right-hemispace superiority. In Experiment III, both a left-hand and a left
      hemispace superiority appeared when 5-yr-old dextrals reproduced a static
      configuration of finger spacing. Asymmetries were generally stronger for the side
      of presentation than for the side of response. Our findings are consistent with
      the operation of two semi-independent systems, one involving hand-hemisphere
      connections, and the other mapping of extracorporeal space by the hemispheres.

PMID- 4033906
TI  - Early stages in the acquisition of a bimanual motor skill.
AB  - Children and adults were trained and tested on a coordinated bimanual task that
      required them to rotate both hands either at the same or at different angular
      velocities in order to move the pen of an X-Y recorder along three angles of
      slant (45, 67 and 22 degrees), and to rotate both hands in the same clockwise
      direction rather than as mirror image movements. Initially both groups exhibited
      a tendency to rotate both hands at the same angular velocity even when the task
      required differential motor output from the two hands. With visual feedback, the
      tendency toward synchronization, such that both hands moved at the same angular
      velocity, was asymmetrically distributed, but under blindfolded conditions such
      asymmetries disappeared. Accuracy of performance increased with practice; and
      visual feedback enhanced accuracy of performance. The findings suggest that
      during early stages in the acquisition of a bimanual skill, unintended bilateral
      coactivation occurs at multiple levels of motor organization; mirror associated
      movements are only one simple subset of unintentional intermanual synergies.

PMID- 4033907
TI  - Dichotic listening tests in studying brain-behavior relationships.
AB  - The magnitude of perceptual asymmetry (PA) on a CVC fused dichotic words test and
      on VCV and CV fused nonsense syllables tests were compared. In each test the set
      of distinguishing phonemic cues was the same; the six English stop consonants,
      b,p,d,t,g,k. Although test-retest reliability was very high on all three tests
      there was no correlation across individuals between the degrees of PA on
      different tests. Moreover, the magnitude of PA on the VCV nonsense test increased
      as field dependence (FD) increased on the field dependence index (FDI) of the
      WAIS while there was no relationship between FD and the magnitude of PA on the
      CVC words test. In addition, concurrent visual tasks increased PA on the VCV
      nonsense test and decreased it on the words test. In order to facilitate the use
      of such data, Kimura's classical model of the physiological basis of PA is
      modified by including components of primary receptive and secondary and tertiary
      associative function. Comparison of highly similar PA measures, that differ in
      specific ways, is discussed as a means of collecting data for mapping cerebral
      functional space and exploring brain-behavior relationships.

PMID- 4033908
TI  - Styles of mental imagery in blind adults.
AB  - Two tests of mental imagery were administered to six blind and four sighted
      subjects. One test, involving pictorial imagery, required subjects to imagine a
      checkerboard of which only certain squares, specified by the experimenter, were
      filled in; the other test was similar but emphasized nonpictorial imagery,
      requiring subjects to imagine a three-dimensional assemblage of small cubes. In
      both cases, the subject's task was to name a common object which the imaged
      pattern resembled. It was found that the greater the proportion of life for which
      each of the blind subjects had been without sight, the less was his or her
      pictorial score, expressed as a proportion of total imagery score. This suggests
      that the nature of mental imagery slowly changes following the loss of sight.
      Relative facility with the two types of imagery also varied from one subject to
      another within the sighted group; hand movements used by some of them as an aid
      to imagery may have been a factor in producing this variation.

PMID- 4033909
TI  - Visual laterality effects and cerebral speech dominance determined by the carotid
      Amytal test.
AB  - Epileptic patients whose speech dominance had been ascertained using the carotid
      Amytal test were given a verbal-visual half-field task. Patients with left
      hemisphere speech dominance, like normal controls, tended to show a RVF effect
      whereas patients with atypical speech patterns showed a bias in favor of the LVF.

PMID- 4033910
TI  - Paralexic errors in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia.
AB  - Paralexic speech errors were examined during the oral reading of sentences for 12
      right-handed adults, including four Broca's aphasics, four Wernicke's aphasics
      and four patients with unilateral right-hemisphere lesions. A category system of
      error types was developed, and 129 errors were analyzed in terms of identifiable
      linguistic components, operating in isolation as well as interactively. The two
      aphasic groups produced a variety of errors, whereas the right-hemisphere group
      produced very few in number and type. Broca's aphasics committed more
      morphological errors than did Wernicke's aphasics, whereas Wernicke's aphasics
      committed more graphophonemic-neologistic errors than did Broca's.

PMID- 4033911
TI  - Functional inhibition and release: unilateral tachistoscopic performance and
      stereoelectroencephalographic activity in a case with left limbic status
      epilepticus.
AB  - During prolonged nonconvulsive unilateral left limbic status epilepticus, a
      natural model of functional hemispheric inhibition, we performed two
      tachistoscopic experiments, a lexical decision task associated with a RVF (left
      hemisphere) superiority and a facial matching task associated with a LVF (right
      hemisphere) superiority. We found that epileptic activity in the left hemisphere,
      especially rhythmic high-frequency "tonic" discharges, inhibited performance on
      the lexical task but not on the facial matching task. This suggests that only
      cognitive activity in the discharging hemisphere is inhibited. Strikingly, the
      best performance of the right hemisphere was obtained while the left hemisphere
      was most inhibited, suggesting a functional balance of inhibition and release.

PMID- 4033912
TI  - Projections of the amygdala to striopallidal formations in cats.

PMID- 4033913
TI  - Changes in structural heterogeneity of surviving nerve cells.

PMID- 4033914
TI  - Changes in dendrites in chronic morphine intoxication.

PMID- 4033915
TI  - Participation of the lateral geniculate body in mechanisms of brain activation.
AB  - The significance of the lateral geniculate body for nonspecific activation of the
      brain was elucidated in experiments on cats. It was established that when the
      connections of the lateral geniculate body remain intact, its stimulation elicits
      the usual activation of the EEG, but at higher threshold values of the current
      (120-190 microA) than when the mesencephalic reticular formation of the medial
      center of the thalamus is stimulated (50-80 microA). If only direct connections
      with the cortex remain, however, and the others are disrupted, the threshold for
      activation increases to 220-400 microA. When the lateral geniculate body is
      coagulated, cortical activity occurs only in response to very bright light
      flashes (250-1000 1x). All of this indicates that, in addition to carrying out
      its principal function of processing and sending the basic flow of visual
      impulsation to higher optical centers, the lateral geniculate body may be the
      source of activating transmissions sent to the cortex. Nonspecific stimulation
      that develops in the cortex is subsequently regulated by the cortex itself; the
      cortex plays a leading role in these processes.

PMID- 4033916
TI  - Convergence and interaction of somatic and visceral impulsation on neurons of the
      ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus.
AB  - Acute experiments on anesthetized and immobilized cats using extracellular
      derivation of neuronal responses and field potentials demonstrated the
      predominant localization of somatic (radial nerve) responses in the mediocentral
      and of visceral (splanchnic nerve) responses in the centrolateral regions of the
      ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus. Both similarities and differences were
      found in patterns of neuronal responses to peripheral stimuli of different types.
      A quite high degree of convergence of somato-visceral impulsation was found in
      the central part of the nucleus compared with its medial and lateral regions.
      Predominance of comparatively long-latency convergent neurons over short-latency
      was observed. The inhibitory character of somatovisceral interaction and the more
      effective inhibitory influence of conditioning stimulation of the radial nerve on
      test-response of splanchnic origin were demonstrated.

PMID- 4033917
TI  - Changes in neocortical function in response to the direct action of optical
      radiation.
AB  - The action of optical radiation on neocortical bioelectrical activity and on a
      penicillin-induced epileptic focus was investigated. The direct action of
      ultraviolet (UV) radiation with wavelengths 280, 310, and 365 nm was shown to
      increase the amplitude of the spontaneous EEG and to potentiate epileptiform
      activity, whereas the action of subthreshold radiation with wavelengths of 580
      and 630 nm caused a reduction of EEG amplitude and inhibition of epileptiform
      activity. On the basis of the writers' own results and data in the literature it
      is postulated that the mechanism of action of UV radiation on neocortical
      electrical activity is based on changes in permeability of neuronal membranes to
      Na and K ions and subsequent membrane depolarization, whereas the action of
      visible radiation leads to thermal injury to the neurons in the irradiated zone,
      inducing irreversible suppression of their activity and a decrease in amplitude
      of the EEG.

PMID- 4033918
TI  - Effects of intracortical microstimulation on the activity of limb muscles in
      alert rabbits.
AB  - Motor and EMG responses of the limbs to intracortical microstimulation (IM) were
      studied in 14 rabbits. The motor representations (MR) of contralateral limbs are
      separately located in the neocortex. The zone of wrist control lies in the center
      the MR of the forepaw, surrounded by the zones of the forearm and shoulder.
      Efforts to obtain isolated responses of the digits to IM were not successful. We
      did not observe a geometrical pattern of organization in the more caudally placed
      MR of the hindleg, where IM elicited isolated responses in the muscles of the
      lower leg and the haunch. Minimal thresholds of IM reached 3-10 microA for the MR
      of the shoulder and forearm, but were as high as 30-200 microA in the MR of the
      haunch and lower leg. The latent periods of the EMG responses lasted 25-52 msec
      for the shoulder, 24-73 msec for the forearm, 32-54 msec for the haunch, and 36
      71 msec for the lower leg. We conclude that the organization involved in the
      cortical regulation of limb movement in rabbits is primitive, especially where
      movement of the hindlimb is involved.

PMID- 4033919
TI  - Intracentral connections of the brain structures participating in the regulation
      of blood flow.
AB  - In this study, we conducted an investigation into the characteristics of
      hemodynamic reactions during electrical stimulation of the structures of the
      hypothalamus and during simultaneous stimulation of the sinus nerve and the
      hypothalamus in anesthetized cats. We also investigated the monosynaptic
      connections of the hypothalamus with the structures of the brain stem and spinal
      cord. The possible influence of the hypothalamus, following the activation of
      various descending pathways (both through the bulbar level of regulation and by
      passing it), upon the efferent component of the regulation of blood circulation
      is discussed; a scheme of intracentral connections of the brain structures
      participating in the regulation of blood circulation is presented.

PMID- 4033920
TI  - Spectral analysis of the EEG in neuronally isolated cortex of the rabbit brain.

PMID- 4033921
TI  - Impulse activity of medulla oblongata in rats in response to stimulation of taste
      receptors and visceral chemoreceptors.
AB  - We have recorded extracellularly the impulse activity of the rat medulla
      oblongata during stimulation of taste receptors of the tongue and visceral
      chemoreceptors with solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride. We have
      detected in the caudal region of the nucleus of the solitary tract, neurons that
      react to the chemical stimulation of either one or both the receptive zones
      mentioned. The response reactions of the isolated groups of units (taste,
      viscerochemical, and convergent neurons) are tonic and are characterized by a
      high level of impulse activity. We have established that the neurons of each of
      the groups isolated are capable of discriminating between salt and acid
      solutions. Using the example of sodium chloride solutions we have shown that an
      increase in the number of viscerochemical neurons which inhibit their own
      background activity on increase in the concentration of any substance in the
      intestine is an important index of the satiation of an animal and can serve as a
      starting link in the mechanism of food rejection.

PMID- 4033922
TI  - Influence of stimulation of the head of the caudate nucleus on the activity of
      postural muscles during realization of an instrumental defensive reflex.
AB  - A model of instrumental defensive reflexes associated with the maintenance of a
      specific posture was used in chronic experiments with four dogs to demonstrate
      the preferential inhibitory influence of preliminary low-frequency stimulation (2
      impulses/sec) of the head of the caudate nucleus in the right and left
      hemispheres on the electromyographic and mechanographic components of the
      instrumental defensive reflex effecting the reflex motor program. Subjected to
      the greatest changes were the postural components of the electromyogram, which
      permits the postulate as to the importance of the caudate head in the
      organization of posture. It was shown that the caudate head is bilaterally
      involved in the prerelease processes preceeding the instrumental response. At the
      same time, the difficulty of inhibiting the performance of the actual
      instrumental task - the avoidance of an electric current - was noted during
      stimulation of the caudate head in a system of instrumental defensive reflexes.

PMID- 4033924
TI  - Alterations of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in Parkinson's
      disease.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and oxygen metabolism (rCMRO2) were
      determined in six normals, six unilateral Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and
      eight bilateral PD patients. In the unilateral patients, rCBF and rCMRO2 in the
      basal ganglia contralateral to the symptomatic limbs was 13% higher than on the
      other side (p less than 0.01); in the frontal cortex it was 8% lower than the
      other side, suggesting abnormal neuronal function in both regions. The bilateral
      PD patients had a widespread decrease (20%) in rCBF unaccompanied by comparable
      changes in rCMRO2, suggesting vasoconstriction due to loss of dopaminergic
      innervation of blood vessels in more advanced PD patients.

PMID- 4033923
TI  - Electrical phenomena in the telencephalon of the pigeon during pecking.
AB  - So-called motor potentials and changes in the neuronal activity of various
      regions of the striatum during pecking were studied in 50 unrestrained pigeons.
      The motor potentials which appeared during pecking were recorded from all regions
      of the striatum. Neurons of the striatum changed their level of activity during
      pecking (they became more active for the most part). The temporal characteristics
      of the motor potentials and the neuronal activity suggest a rostro-caudal
      activation of the striatum. The amplitude of the evoked potential of the tectum
      in response to a flash of a light changed during pecking movements.

PMID- 4033925
TI  - Laminar organization of cholinergic circuits in human frontal cortex in
      Alzheimer's disease and aging.
AB  - Cholinergic enzyme activity (choline acetyltransferase, CAT;
      acetylcholinesterase, AChE) and muscarinic cholinergic receptor density were
      measured in frontal cortex (Brodmann's area 9) of normal patients over the life
      span and in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). CAT, but not AChE
      activity, declined with normal aging. Significant loss of CAT and AChE activity
      occurred in the AD brains, but later onset AD was associated with less severe
      loss of frontal cortex CAT activity. The majority of normal CAT activity resided
      in lamina I, II, and upper lamina III; CAT loss in AD resulted in large losses
      from all depths, most notably the upper cortical layers. AChE did not precisely
      correspond to the localization of CAT; loss of AChE in AD was consistent across
      all six laminae. No differences were seen in muscarinic cholinergic receptor
      binding between AD and age-matched controls; the distribution of binding was
      equal in all layers of normal frontal cortex, and no laminar differences were
      detected in distribution of cholinergic receptors between normal and AD samples.

PMID- 4033926
TI  - Optic nerve demyelination induced by human serum: patients with multiple
      sclerosis or optic neuritis and normal subjects.
AB  - We injected guinea pig optic nerves with serum from patients with MS or acute
      optic neuritis (ON), or normal subjects. Serum from 12 of 17 MS patients, 3 of 3
      patients with ON, and 5 of 11 normal age- and sex-matched controls produced
      myelin vesiculation and demyelination 24 hours after injection. Nerves injected
      with demyelinating serum contained oligodendrocytes with pyknotic nuclei and
      edematous, rarefied cytoplasm. Nerves injected with serum that did not cause
      demyelination did not have these oligodendrocyte changes. Serum from normal
      subjects or patients with MS may induce in vivo demyelination in mammalian CNS.

PMID- 4033927
TI  - Visual evoked potentials by different check sizes in patients with multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were obtained using three checks of different
      size (25', 50', and 100' of arc) in 20 normal controls and 1,006 patients. The
      test was abnormal in 270 patients regardless of the check size, whereas in 53
      patients, a prolongation of P100 latency occurred only with checks of a certain
      size. The procedure was most sensitive in detecting abnormalities with combined
      application of 25' and 100' checks and least sensitive with the 50' checks alone.
      In occasional subjects showing W-shaped responses, the use of another check size
      often elicited the usual V-shaped pattern, alleviating the problem of selecting
      the peak for latency determination.

PMID- 4033928
TI  - Chronic encephalitis possibly due to herpes simplex virus: two cases.
AB  - Two patients had clinical findings of encephalopathy that progressed in 4 to 5
      months. One patient had headache, fatigue, lethargy, hemiparesis, and a seizure.
      The second patient had only forgetfulness, confusion, and lethargy without focal
      signs. Herpes simplex virus was grown from brain biopsy in the first patient and
      from CSF in the second patient. These cases suggest that herpes simplex virus
      caused the encephalitis and that it should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of chronic encephalopathy.

PMID- 4033929
TI  - Central nervous system toxicity with high-dose Ara-C.
AB  - We evaluated the CNS complications in 118 adults with acute leukemia who received
      IV high-dose Ara-C therapy. Fourteen (12%) had cerebellar signs, encephalopathy,
      seizures, or leukoencephalopathy. Symptoms usually occurred within 24 hours after
      the last treatment. Patients receiving a cumulative dose in excess of 24 g/m2 had
      more severe or irreversible symptoms. After lower cumulative doses, symptoms
      often resolved even though treatment was continued. The incidence of CNS
      complications of high-dose Ara-C is acceptable and is potentially reversible if
      appropriate precautions are taken.

PMID- 4033930
TI  - Respiratory epithelial cells masquerading as agents of primary amebic
      meningoencephalitis: distinguishing features.
AB  - CSF does not normally contain motile cells within flagella or cilia. When motile
      cells are seen in the CSF, they may be incorrectly assumed to be amebae. We
      studied a patient with a traumatic mucocele, in whom motile ciliated respiratory
      epithelial cells were seen in the CSF and within a frontal lobe brain abscess.

PMID- 4033931
TI  - Time course of a single oral dose of propranolol in essential tremor.
AB  - We studied the effects of a single oral dose (120 mg) of propranolol on essential
      tremor in 12 patients. Postural hand tremor was recorded by an accelerometer, and
      its amplitude and frequency determined by spectral analysis. Variable patterns of
      individual responses gave a mean reduction of tremor amplitude of 50% at 2 hours.
      Tremor was suppressed as long as 8 hours in some patients. Similar tremor
      reduction was found on chronic therapy. Even without treatment, tremor amplitude
      varied from 30 to 50%. A single oral dose of propranolol produces a rapid and
      sustained reduction of essential tremor, but there are diurnal fluctuations of
      tremor intensity regardless of treatment.

PMID- 4033932
TI  - Blepharospasm, Meige syndrome, and hemifacial spasm: treatment with botulinum
      toxin.
AB  - In 34 patients with idiopathic blepharospasm, 5 with Meige syndrome, and 11 with
      hemifacial spasm, local injection of botulinum toxin gave temporary relief from
      the involuntary movements of the eyelids. Local ophthalmologic side effects were
      minimal. There are no known systemic side effects. The procedure had to be
      repeated every 12 weeks. Tolerance to the toxin did not appear.

PMID- 4033933
TI  - Cerebral infarct in apparent transient ischemic attack.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients with transient ischemic attacks in the carotid territory had
      CTs 3 to 28 days after the last episode. Sixteen (28%) showed an infarct
      appropriate to the symptoms. Infarcts were more likely with longer mean duration
      of attacks, longer duration of the longest attack, longer total duration of
      symptoms, and smaller number of attacks. Age, sex, type and extent of hemisphere
      symptoms, and vascular risk factors had no influence. If attacks lasted more than
      45 to 60 minutes, the risk of infarction was more than 80%; most were actually
      infarcts. So-called TIAs included two subgroups, true TIA and CITS (cerebral
      infarction with transient signs), which corresponded respectively to a short
      (mean, 21 minutes) or long (mean, 6 hours) duration of attack.

PMID- 4033934
TI  - Arrhythmogenic seizures: diagnosis by simultaneous EEG/ECG recording.
AB  - We studied a young man with presumably idiopathic seizures that were refractory
      to phenytoin therapy. Sick sinus syndrome was found after an episode of
      unconsciousness, but seizures continued despite the insertion of a demand
      ventricular pacemaker. Evaluation revealed a left temporal seizure focus, and
      combined EEG and ECG monitoring during a seizure revealed a left temporal
      paroxysmal discharge and an ictal cardiac arrhythmia. Detailed EEG and cardiac
      evaluation is necessary for all patients with "idiopathic" seizures.

PMID- 4033935
TI  - Neurologic symptoms of biotinidase deficiency: possible explanation.
AB  - We found that the activity of biotinidase is much lower in human and rat brain or
      human CSF than in serum or other tissues that have biotin-dependent carboxylase
      activity. The brain seems to be unable to recycle biotin and depends on biotin
      transferred across the blood-brain barrier. The biotin-deficient state that
      results from an inherited lack of biotinidase results in a moderate decrease in
      brain pyruvate carboxylase activity. This is followed by more severe accumulation
      of lactate in brain than in other organs, which may explain why affected children
      have neurologic symptoms before many peripheral features.

PMID- 4033936
TI  - Adrenoleukodystrophy: abnormality of "tightly bound" fatty acids in the
      erythrocyte membrane proteins.
AB  - "Tightly bound" and "loosely bound" fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes were
      analyzed in three patients with adrenoleukodystrophy, three probable carriers,
      and eight controls. The ratios of C28:0 or C26:0 to C22:0 or C20:0 in the tightly
      bound fatty acids of three patients were significantly higher than those of
      controls, and the ratios in two of three probable carriers were higher than those
      in controls. The ratios of C26:0 to C22:0 or C20:0 in the loosely bound fatty
      acids of three patients and three probable carriers were also significantly
      higher than those of controls. Since tightly bound fatty acids in membrane
      proteins are found not only in erythrocyte membranes but also in myelin proteins,
      the abnormality of tightly bound fatty acids may be related to the demyelination
      in adrenoleukodystrophy.

PMID- 4033938
TI  - Syndrome of diffuse encephalopathy due to nondominant thalamic infarction.
AB  - A 69-year-old woman suddenly became comatose. Within 24 hours, she became
      lethargic, with a diffuse encephalopathy and no focal neurologic abnormalities.
      CT revealed a large, nondominant thalamic infarct.

PMID- 4033937
TI  - Duchenne muscular dystrophy: normal ATP turnover in cultured cells.
AB  - We examined ATP metabolism in cultured muscle cells and fibroblasts from patients
      with Duchenne dystrophy. ATP and ADP levels were the same in cultured cells from
      normal subjects and patients, and there was no difference in ATP synthesis or
      degradation. Although there was a significant decrease in radioactively labeled
      ATP after incubation with deoxyglucose in Duchenne muscle cells, there was no
      difference in ATP concentration or ADP metabolism.

PMID- 4033939
TI  - Manifestations of pontine hemorrhage.

PMID- 4033940
TI  - Epidemiological studies on multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4033941
TI  - Estimating physician requirements for neurology.

PMID- 4033942
TI  - Head injury and Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 4033943
TI  - Head trauma and seizures as risk factors in tumors of the glioma group.

PMID- 4033944
TI  - Oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis: an index of disease activity?

PMID- 4033945
TI  - Bilateral cerebellar infarction in the distribution of the superior cerebellar
      artery.

PMID- 4033947
TI  - Erythromycin intravenous management in neurosyphilis.

PMID- 4033946
TI  - Hypothyroidism with a "normal thyroid panel".

PMID- 4033948
TI  - Myotonic dystrophy and normal-pressure hydrocephalus.

PMID- 4033949
TI  - Effect of fatty acid-enriched diet on the composition of fatty acids in lipids of
      cerebral myelin during development.

PMID- 4033950
TI  - Influence of inappropriate diet during development on the susceptibility to
      experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 4033951
TI  - [Identification of dopaminergic vesicles in the electron-microscopic picture of
      the compact layer of the substantia nigra in the rat].

PMID- 4033952
TI  - Diagnostic value of demonstrating glial fibrillary acidic protein in human
      astrocytomas.

PMID- 4033953
TI  - [Diagnostic value of demonstrating glial fibrillary acidic protein in
      ependymomas].

PMID- 4033954
TI  - [A case of carcinomatosis of the pia mater].

PMID- 4033955
TI  - Effect of high ambient temperature on the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of
      the rabbit. I. The supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei.

PMID- 4033956
TI  - Effect of high ambient temperature on the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of
      the rabbit. II. The neurohypophysial axons.

PMID- 4033957
TI  - [Morphological changes and acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase
      activities of the nuclei of the reticular formation and neurosecretory nuclei of
      the hypothalamus in rabbits exposed to increased environmental temperature].

PMID- 4033959
TI  - Trends in pituitary surgery.

PMID- 4033960
TI  - Role of cell and explant culture in the diagnosis and characterization of human
      pituitary tumours.
AB  - The pattern of hormone secretion by human pituitary tumours in cell or explant
      culture has been shown to be of value in establishing the nature of the tissue.
      There was complete agreement between the diagnosis reached by conventional
      immunocytochemical techniques and by examining the secretion of hormones in
      culture. Culture techniques, however, have some advantages over
      immunocytochemical analysis. In particular, immunocytochemical techniques can
      only be used to examine a small, possibly unrepresentative, portion of the
      pituitary tissue, whereas the in vitro culture systems make use of the whole
      tissue. In addition, in vitro culture is simpler to employ and can be carried out
      relatively rapidly. Cell and explant culture was therefore used to examine the
      nature of human pituitary tumours. To determine the incidence of mixed GH-PRL
      secreting pituitary tumours in acromegaly, the pattern of hormone secretion in
      vitro by 98 somatotrophic tumours was examined. Thirty-seven per cent were found
      to be pure somatotrophic tumours and 59.2% secreted both GH and PRL, but no other
      hormone, indicating that these tumours were of mixed nature. This latter group
      could be divided into those removed from patients with hyperprolactinaemia (35.7%
      of all tumours) and those from patients with normal pre-operative serum PRL
      levels (23.5%). A further small group (3.1%) of tumours secreted only GH in
      culture, despite elevated pre-operative serum PRL levels, indicating that the
      hyperprolactinaemia in these patients was due to pituitary stalk compression by
      the somatotrophic tumour, thereby preventing prolactin release inhibiting factor
      reaching the lactotrophs and allowing uncontrolled PRL secretion.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4033961
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the region of the sella turcica.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is a versatile technique which has
      proved more sensitive in the detection of perisellar lesions than CT. A
      multiplanar facility, the demonstration of blood flow, and the lack of bone
      artefacts are its main advantages in this respect. Limitations are seen in its
      inability to identify small calcifications and to distinguish clearly perifocal
      oedema and tumour especially in malignant lesions. Relatively thick slices of 5
      10 mm make the detection of microadenomas very difficult, mainly because of
      partial volume effects. T1 and T2 values alone are not sufficient to provide
      specific diagnosis. No reliable criteria have been determined yet, which would
      indicate the quality of pathological involvement of peritumorous structures by
      tumours of the sella region. At present NMR still plays a more complementary role
      to CT in the evaluation of this complex anatomical area. We are confident that
      with future technical refinements NMR will be able to replace ionizing radiation
      for the diagnostic imaging of the sella.

PMID- 4033958
TI  - Hypophyseal region--anatomy of the operative approaches.
AB  - Landmarks and measurements for the transnasal approach (apertura piriformis,
      distance to the apertura sinus sphenoidalis) in children and adults are given.
      Included is the anatomy of the nasal septum, its vessels and nerves. The ostium
      of the sphenoid sinus, its development, types and dimensions are described. Also
      shown are the hypophyseal capsule, the hypophyseal vessels and the hypophyseal
      fossa with its variations and the sella turcica region with its adjacent dural
      structures (petroclinoid fold, diaphragma sellae, aperture for the internal
      carotid artery and pituitary cistern). For the intracranial approaches the
      arterial circle and its branches are important for neurosurgeons. The location,
      number, width and course of these branches are described. Distances and the most
      important vessels, which are seen by frontal, frontolateral and pterional
      approaches, are described.

PMID- 4033962
TI  - Recurrent pituitary adenomas.
AB  - Based on 880 pituitary adenomas operated upon between 1972 and 1982 the
      diagnostic and therapeutical strategy in recurrences is discussed. The incidence
      of reoperations was 7.75%, 3.7% in hormonally inactive and 4.1% in hormonally
      active recurrences. The rate was 30% after transcranial surgery--due to the
      extension of the tumours--and 5% after the trans-sphenoidal approach. In hormone
      inactive adenomas visual impairment in 29 out of 50 recurrences caused a second
      operation combined with radiotherapy in 13 cases. Radiotherapy alone was used in
      17 cases. In hormonally active adenomas the treatment of persistent hormonal
      excess represents the main therapeutical problem. With HGH-producing adenomas a
      return to normal was achieved in 22 cases mainly by a combination of reoperation
      and radiotherapy (12) or radiotherapy (8) alone. Radiotherapy should be avoided
      in young patients whenever possible. The procedure of choice in PRL-producing
      adenomas (14 cases) seems to be treatment with dopamine-agonists (9). An
      additional reoperation was necessary in five cases.

PMID- 4033963
TI  - [The electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of infarct of the right ventricle].

PMID- 4033964
TI  - [Neurovegetative manifestations: duodenal ulcer and myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4033965
TI  - [A case of atrial disassociation caused by complete intra-atrial block with
      problems in the differential diagnosis in relation to atrial parasystole].

PMID- 4033966
TI  - [Monitoring of anti-arrhythmia drugs with the Holter system and the determination
      of their blood levels (mexiletine (mexitil) and amiodarone)].

PMID- 4033967
TI  - [Pacemaker implants in patients with pathology of the carotid axis].

PMID- 4033968
TI  - [Ventricular fibrillation in the course of Sheehan's syndrome. Description of a
      case].

PMID- 4033969
TI  - [Platelet activation in thrombotic and prethrombotic venous pathology].

PMID- 4033970
TI  - [Non-invasive evaluation of myocardial function in patients undergoing aorto
      bifemoral bypass].

PMID- 4033971
TI  - [Preclinical changes of left ventricular function in chronic alcoholics. Study
      with non-invasive methods].

PMID- 4033972
TI  - [2 cases of combined aorto-femoral and femoral-popliteal arterial
      reconstruction].

PMID- 4033973
TI  - [Reliability of thromboendoarteriectomy in aorto-iliac obstructions].

PMID- 4033974
TI  - [A case of retroperitoneal fibrosis simulating ruptured abdominal aorta aneurysm
      in computed axial tomography].

PMID- 4033975
TI  - [A technic of ascending-descending aorta bypass in the treatment of aortic
      coarctation in the adult. Description of 7 cases].

PMID- 4033976
TI  - [Total gastrectomy in the surgical therapy of neoplasms of the stomach].

PMID- 4033977
TI  - [Surgical treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux caused by hiatal hernia. II:
      Results and discussion].

PMID- 4033978
TI  - [Preoperative preparation in elective recto-colonic surgery. Our experience].

PMID- 4033979
TI  - [Indications for internal, lateral and posterior sphincterotomy in proctologic
      surgery].

PMID- 4033980
TI  - [Our experience in the diagnosis and surgical therapy of calculi of the
      choledochus].

PMID- 4033981
TI  - [Review of 50 cases of choledochoduodenostomy].

PMID- 4033982
TI  - [Results of clinical examinations in cholecystectomized patients].

PMID- 4033983
TI  - [Role of hepato-biliary scintigraphy (99mTc-IDA) in the diagnosis of obstructive
      jaundice].

PMID- 4033984
TI  - [Popliteal entrapment syndrome].

PMID- 4033985
TI  - [Acute traumatic arterial lesions].

PMID- 4033986
TI  - [Palliative operations in the post-thrombotic syndrome].

PMID- 4033987
TI  - [Intra-operative cholangiography: systematic or selective?].

PMID- 4033988
TI  - [A useful semiologic sign as evidence of free air in the abdomen].

PMID- 4033989
TI  - [5 years results of surgery of stage I and II cancer of the lung].

PMID- 4033991
TI  - [Potentials and limitations of surgical therapy of complete obstruction of the
      internal carotid].

PMID- 4033990
TI  - [Significance and limitations of intensive follow-up after radical intervention
      for colorectal cancer].

PMID- 4033992
TI  - [A case of a complicated arteriovenous fistula].

PMID- 4033993
TI  - [A new membrane oxygenator: Capiox II. Comparative evaluation with a bubble
      oxygenator].

PMID- 4033994
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the esophagus. Description of a case and review of the
      literature].

PMID- 4033995
TI  - [Malignant neoplasms of the small intestine].

PMID- 4033996
TI  - [Traumatic injuries of the caudate lobe. Notes on embryology, anatomy and
      physiopathology, Presentation of a clinical case].

PMID- 4033997
TI  - [Carcinoma of the gallbladder].

PMID- 4033998
TI  - [Surgical treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux in hiatal hernia. I. Proposal for
      a technical modification of the Lortat-Jacob intervention].

PMID- 4033999
TI  - [Tumors of the small intestine].

PMID- 4034000
TI  - [Neoplasms of the colon. Presentation of 122 cases observed between 1975 and
      1983].

PMID- 4034001
TI  - [Intrathoracic malignant schwannoma. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4034002
TI  - [Mastectomy and breast reconstruction: surgical therapy of cancer of the breast
      as a function of current reconstructive demands].

PMID- 4034003
TI  - [Mastectomy and breast reconstruction: selection criteria of candidates for
      breast reconstruction].

PMID- 4034004
TI  - [Mastectomy and breast reconstruction: possibilities and limitations of post
      mastectomy reconstructive surgery].

PMID- 4034005
TI  - [Round table on: Melanoma: problems of therapy].

PMID- 4034006
TI  - [Diagnostic validity of needle aspiration cytology in breast nodules].

PMID- 4034007
TI  - [Blood gastrin in childhood].

PMID- 4034009
TI  - [Value of laser treatment in tracheal stenosis of surgical significance].

PMID- 4034008
TI  - [Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Analysis of survival in 186 cases].

PMID- 4034010
TI  - [Treatment of the perineal wound after abdomino-perineal amputation of the
      rectum].

PMID- 4034011
TI  - [Acute celiac-mesenteric insufficiency].

PMID- 4034012
TI  - [Hiatal hernia as a complication of Heller's operation].

PMID- 4034013
TI  - [Traumatic lesions of the rectum. Apropos of 6 cases].

PMID- 4034014
TI  - [Bilirubin conjugates in the bile obtained by ERCP and the effect of glucagon on
      their composition].

PMID- 4034015
TI  - [Gastric emptying in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer before and after H2
      blockader therapy].

PMID- 4034016
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hormones in chronic atrophic gastritis].

PMID- 4034017
TI  - [Gastroesophageal reflux after gastric resection].

PMID- 4034019
TI  - [Role and indications of manometry and Ph-metry in the pathology of the esophagus
      and esophagogastric junction].

PMID- 4034018
TI  - [Follow-up in erosive hemorrhagic duodenum. Evaluation of the risk of duodenal
      ulcer].

PMID- 4034020
TI  - [Relations between endoscopic and histological aspects of superficial gastritis,
      atrophic gastritis and gastric atrophy in aged patients].

PMID- 4034021
TI  - [Precancerous conditions of the stomach and gastric cancer: search for a
      correlation].

PMID- 4034022
TI  - [Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. Clinical and developmental aspects].

PMID- 4034023
TI  - [Hepatic encephalopathy after portacaval anastomosis. Retrospective analysis of
      its occurrence at the clinical and subclinical level].

PMID- 4034024
TI  - [Comparison of radiography and endoscopy in the diagnosis of neoplasms of the
      large intestine].

PMID- 4034025
TI  - [Gastric polyps. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations].

PMID- 4034026
TI  - [Role of esophageal manometry in the diagnosis and developmental control of
      scleroderma].

PMID- 4034028
TI  - [Endoscopy in ulcerated carcinoma of the stomach and differential diagnostic and
      prognostic considerations].

PMID- 4034027
TI  - [Endoscopy in the differential diagnosis of peptic and neoplastic ulcer of the
      stomach].

PMID- 4034029
TI  - [Statistical evaluation of polyps of the large intestine].

PMID- 4034030
TI  - [Gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer. Our observations].

PMID- 4034031
TI  - [Treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer in post-cimetidine era].

PMID- 4034032
TI  - [Ranitidine and cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Comparison after 3
      and 6 weeks].

PMID- 4034033
TI  - [Comparison of cimetidine and antacids in short-term and long-term therapy of
      duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 4034034
TI  - [Behavior modification in the treatment of chronic constipation].

PMID- 4034035
TI  - [New trends in the treatment of gastrinoma].

PMID- 4034036
TI  - [Hemorrhagic colitis caused by antibiotic therapy].

PMID- 4034037
TI  - [Nylon-thread drainage and slow section with elastic band in the treatment of
      perianal fistulas with sphincter involvement].

PMID- 4034038
TI  - [Drainage in abdominal surgery].

PMID- 4034039
TI  - [Turcot's syndrome. Report of a case of familial diffuse polyposis associated
      with cerebral tumor].

PMID- 4034040
TI  - [A rare complication of esophagogastroduodenoscopy].

PMID- 4034041
TI  - [Pseudomembranous colitis induced by clindamycin-lincomycin combination.
      Description of a clinical case].

PMID- 4034042
TI  - [Dietary factors and breast carcinoma. Epidemiological aspects].

PMID- 4034043
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease. Value, in the diagnosis, prognosis and selection for
      therapy, of angiocardioscintigraphy and myocardial scintigraphy].
AB  - Prevailing must be referred to the radioisotopic methods in the diagnosis of the
      ischemic heart disease. Alterations of coronary artery disease with first pass
      and multiple gated equilibrium cardiac blood pool scintigraphy and myocardial
      scintigraphy are described. The importance of such data--particularly if obtained
      under stress--are noticed and also its usefulness at the prognostic aims, for the
      decision between medical or surgical therapy.

PMID- 4034044
TI  - [Arteriosclerosis and aneurysms of the abdominal aorta].
AB  - To substantiate the hypothesis of a non atherosclerotic origin of abdominal
      aortic aneurysms, the author compares 40 patients operated on for abdominal
      aneurysm vs 50 patients operated on for atherosclerotic aorto-iliac occlusive
      disease at the 1st Surgical Clinic of the University of Cagliari. The mean age of
      the aneurysm patients was greater than that of the patients with occlusive
      disease and symptoms of arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs were uncommon.
      The more statistically significant feature was the difference in the site of
      lesions: in the aneurysm group, in fact, iliac arteries were uninvolved in 30% of
      patients, while in the occlusive group lesion involved the iliac tree in all but
      one case. Furthermore the majority of aneurysm patients showed an undamaged
      distal vascular bed, in sharp contrast with the occlusive group. Despite of these
      differences, however, the present series is too small to allow firm conclusions:
      in consideration of the equality of associate diseases and of lipoprotein
      patterns between the two groups of patients, abdominal aortic aneurysm and
      aortoiliac occlusive disease seem to be rather different manifestations of
      atherosclerosis than really dissimilar diseases.

PMID- 4034045
TI  - [Renal tolerance of an incremental dosage regimen of anturan in the aged with
      altered renal function]].
AB  - The aim of the study was to investigate renal tolerability of a flexible
      increasing dose-schedule of anturan (E), dependent on basal serum creatinine
      values. 12 male cardiovascular elderly patients (mean age: 75 years; SD: 5.5
      years) suffering from mild chronic renal failure (serum creatinine between 2.00
      and 4.00 mg/100 ml) entered an open study of 2-month duration. Starting dosage
      was 200 mg per day; daily dosage was then increased every 4 days of 200 mg, or
      kept constant for another 4 days, according to each patient's renal function, up
      to 800 mg per day. All the patients reached the maintenance dosage of 800 mg/day
      in 12 days, because renal function didn't worsen. Two patients were withdrawn:
      one at the end of the 1st month of E therapy because of exitus due to myeloma,
      the other one at the 24th day of E therapy for serum creatinine increase,
      possibly related to ongoing therapy. Creatinine clearance significantly
      increased, serum creatinine and uric acid significantly decreased at the end of E
      therapy. The other biochemical examinations didn't change and no patient
      complained of any undesired effect during the whole study. The obtained results
      seem to prove that anturan, if an incremental dose-schedule is followed at the
      beginning of therapy is well tolerated even in elderly azotemic patients.

PMID- 4034046
TI  - [Various parameters of hemostasis in patients with chronic liver diseases].
AB  - The aim of the study was to investigate the nature and the possible correlations
      between abnormalities of platelet function and haemostatic and fibrinolytic
      activity in a group of 33 patients with biopsy-proven chronic liver disease. A
      slight decrease in prothrombin activity, AT III and plasminogen levels was
      noticed in the patients studied. Significantly enhanced levels of intraplatelet
      5HT was also found in patients with cirrhosis and in those with chronic active
      hepatitis. Changes in these parameters were generally independent from each
      other, the only correlation being found between prothrombin activity and AT III
      levels in patients with cirrhosis.

PMID- 4034047
TI  - [Control of nosocomial infections].
AB  - Different factors involved in nosocomial infection and high risk hospital
      departments are examined. Methods of surveillance of infection in patients, in
      staff, and monitoring of environment and equipment are settled. The results
      obtained in environment monitoring and in some kinds of surgical operation are
      reported. A policy of epidemiological surveillance is proposed.

PMID- 4034048
TI  - [Infantile papular acrodermatitis. Description of a clinical case].

PMID- 4034049
TI  - [Myelofibrosis caused by cancer: presentation of a clinical case with a very
      difficult diagnosis].
AB  - Fibrosis of the bone marrow or myelofibrosis, is a connective tissue response of
      the bone marrow, giving rise to alterations of various nature. From an
      etiological point of view, it may be divided into primitive or secondary forms.
      Since the therapeutic implications differ, it is important to make a correct
      differential diagnosis between the 2 forms. With this in mind, particular
      importance must be given to myelofibrosis secondary to neoplastic metastasis
      since it frequently presents with a clinical and hematological picture and bone
      marrow morphology typical of acute or chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. In such a
      situation the particular course of the disease and the description fibrosis
      sclerosis of the bone marrow are highly suggestive of myelofibrosis secondary to
      neoplastic metastasis. On the basis of these considerations, we found it
      interesting to report a case which came under our observations. The patient in
      this case presented a complex differential diagnosis which offered us the
      occasion to review and highlight the clinical and histological criteria
      fundamental to the 2 forms. The patient, a 40 year old woman, presented with a
      clinical picture typical of myelofibrosis following surgery for a cystic ovary.
      For 3 years she had felt violent bone pains and had progressively declined in her
      physical state to the point of cachexia. A careful histological exam of the bone
      marrow revealed metastasis from the gastric tumor thus giving a clear diagnosis
      of secondary myelofibrosis.

PMID- 4034050
TI  - [Prognosis of breast cancer (T1-4 No Mo) with reference to anatomo-pathological
      and clinical factors].
AB  - Using methods of multivariate statistical analysis, the Authors analyse the
      prognosis of 135 patients affected by No Mo breast cancer treated with radical
      mastectomy alone. Among eight risk factors examined, "vascular invasion" and
      "peritumoral infiltration" seemed to have the greatest influence on prognosis.
      Therefore, more aggressive treatment may be considered for the patients affected
      by breast cancer with the two factors former quoted.

PMID- 4034051
TI  - [Risk factors in acute myocardial infarct and cerebral ischemic disease].
AB  - Ten risk factors (RF) were sought and compared in 100 patients with acute
      myocardial infarct (MI) and 50 with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) on their first
      admission. No other diseases were present. Only 3 subjects were free of the RF.
      At least three RF were noted in 71 MI (71%) and 32 CVD (64%), and four or more in
      51 (51%) and 22 (44%) respectively. The most commonly observed in both groups
      were: high total: HDL cholesterol ratio, cigarette smoking,
      hypertriglyceridaemia, arterial hypertension, hyperuricaemia Total blood
      cholesterol was more frequently above normal in MI (52%) than CVD (28%). The
      difference between the means was significant (p less than 0.01). No significant
      differences, on the other hand, were noted for the other RF. These findings
      suggest that the definition of RF for MI and CVD patients is both practicable and
      important in the secondary prevention of these two diseases. They also show that
      their atherosclerotic risk profile is substantially the same.

PMID- 4034052
TI  - [Ferritin, CEA and TPA as tumor markers in breast neoplasms].
AB  - In order to assess the sensitivity and specificity of Ferritin, CEA and TPA as
      neoplastic markers in breast carcinomas, 91 patients all classified according to
      the TNM-UICC system were studied in a cancer clinic. The results of the analyses
      indicate that ferritin is apparently only influenced by the presence of
      metastatic neoplasias and that greater sensitivity is obtained if all three
      markers are employed simultaneously.

PMID- 4034053
TI  - [Verapamil inhibits the in vitro synthesis of DNA. I. Study of human lymphocyte
      cultures].
AB  - Verapamil in vitro reduced 3H-TdR incorporation into lymphocytes. High doses of
      Verapamil were lethal for cells; low doses inhibit DNA synthesis, but cell
      viability by the Trypan blue exclusion method is preserved. Increasing the
      concentration of Ca++ in the medium partially improved lymphocyte viability and
      3H-TdR incorporation. Modification of the Na+ and K+ content in the medium did
      not interfere with Verapamil action. The inhibitory action was not completely
      reversible even when the cells were exposed to the drug for a short time (15').
      Our results confirm the dependency of lymphocyte blast transformation on Ca++
      during the first 20 h. Nifedipine did not inhibit cell replication, which
      suggests a different mechanism of action. Our investigation suggests that there
      is more than one model for calcium-antagonism and that the action of Verapamil
      can not be explained only by its influence on transmembrane Ca++ flux. We believe
      that Verapamil has a negative action on cell metabolism directly through an
      interaction on transmembrane Ca++ flux and on intracellular Ca++.

PMID- 4034054
TI  - [Verapamil inhibits DNA synthesis in vitro. II. Study of the MCF7 and Jurkat
      neoplastic cell lines].
AB  - Verapamil in cultures of mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells and Jurkat A.L.L. cells
      decreased the 3H-TdR incorporation. The action of Verapamil is dose-dependent.
      The inhibition percentage of 3H-TdR incorporation into Jurkat cells by Verapamil
      was lower than into MCF7 cells. No change of the mitotic inhibition was observed
      with higher Ca++ concentration in the medium. Modification of the Na++ and K++
      content in the medium did not change action of Verapamil; this is in agreement
      with the independence of neoplastic cells from the culture medium. Our
      investigation suggests that Verapamil does not work through a block of
      transmembrane Ca++ flux, but rather through an intracellular interaction.

PMID- 4034055
TI  - [The behavior of various muscle enzymes in hypothyroidism].
AB  - The behaviour in hypothyroidism of certain muscular enzymes (CK, TOE, LDH, AST)
      was studied. A significant increase in these enzymes occurs in basal conditions
      and is gradually normalised by substitution therapy. This response might serve to
      distinguish hypothyroidism from other conditions causing an increase in muscular
      enzyme levels.

PMID- 4034056
TI  - [First quantitative data obtained by HPLC of sugars present in hydrolysed
      placental acids].

PMID- 4034057
TI  - [Quantitative determination of several types of collagen in the placenta as a
      function of its maturation].

PMID- 4034058
TI  - [Quantification of fetal cardiac time intervals by mono-bidimensional
      echocardiography. Methodology].

PMID- 4034059
TI  - [A case of renal angiomyolipoma in pregnancy].

PMID- 4034060
TI  - [SLE and pregnancy. Presentation of a clinical case with diagnostic and
      therapeutic considerations].

PMID- 4034061
TI  - [Efficacy of allylestrenol in the prevention of habitual abortion].

PMID- 4034062
TI  - [Colpocytologic study in Siena and the province in the decade from 1973 to 1982].

PMID- 4034063
TI  - [Total laparohysterectomy].

PMID- 4034064
TI  - [Usefulness of a correct monitoring of prolonged pregnancies].

PMID- 4034065
TI  - [Neonatal pathology and method of delivery in small-for-gestational-age
      neonates].

PMID- 4034066
TI  - [Uterine leiomyomas with unusual histopathologic aspects. Presentation of 4
      cases].

PMID- 4034067
TI  - [Volvulus of the sigmoid in pregnancy].

PMID- 4034068
TI  - [Presentation of a clinical case of rupture of the uterus in the 21st week of
      gestation, caused by interstitial pregnancy].

PMID- 4034069
TI  - [Microsurgery and tubal sterility].

PMID- 4034070
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of cardiovascular pathology using mono- and bidimensional
      echocardiography].

PMID- 4034071
TI  - [Cervico-vaginal bacterial changes in women using an IUD].

PMID- 4034072
TI  - [Elective appendectomy as a routine complementary intervention in cesarean
      section].

PMID- 4034074
TI  - [Conservative therapy of breast carcinoma].

PMID- 4034073
TI  - [Theoretical bases of preventive medical therapy].

PMID- 4034075
TI  - [Therapy of carcinoma in situ].

PMID- 4034076
TI  - [Follow-up in a patient treated for carcinoma of the breast].

PMID- 4034077
TI  - [Hormonal receptors: methods and prognostic significance].

PMID- 4034078
TI  - [Correlation between positivity of hormonal receptors and the finding of
      metastases in regional lymph nodes].

PMID- 4034079
TI  - [Precautionary ovariectomy in the therapy of initial carcinoma of the breast. Our
      experience].

PMID- 4034080
TI  - [Applicability to clinical practice of prospective studies of adjuvant medical
      therapy in surgically treated breast carcinoma. Clinical contribution].

PMID- 4034081
TI  - [Bone marrow toxicity of chemotherapy combinations in operable carcinoma of the
      breast].

PMID- 4034082
TI  - Changes in thalamic projection to the barrelfield of rat after neonatal lesions
      sparing one whisker.
AB  - The thalamic input to the barrelfield of rats with a solitary mystacial vibrissa
      (C3) intact was examined using succinic dehydrogenase techniques. Rats were
      lesioned on postnatal day (PD) 1 and brains examined at either 7, 12, 21 or 28
      days later. The resultant segmentation in the hemisphere contralateral to the
      lesioned muzzle consisted of fused rows (A to E). At all ages row C differed from
      the other rows in that the center of the row was enlarged and separated from the
      row on either side of it. Thus the presence of a single vibrissa is sufficient to
      organize the thalamic input to its barrel.

PMID- 4034083
TI  - Transplantation of cultured fetal human adrenal chromaffin cells to rat brain.
AB  - Adrenal chromaffin cells, obtained from a therapeutically aborted human fetus of
      about 11 weeks gestation, were cultured for 3 weeks in vitro and then
      transplanted to the striatum of rats. Transplanted cells became established
      through strands of tissue growing into the host striatum. No signs of
      inflammation or rejection were observed up to the time of sacrifice one month
      post-transplantation. Histofluorescence examination of the implanted areas showed
      many clusters of cells having an intensely positive catecholamine fluorescence
      with some of the cells developing conspicuous processes. This study, showing
      survival of cultured human adrenal chromaffin cells transplanted into rat brain
      tissue, might indicate the feasibility of using cultured human material for
      future human neuronal transplantation studies as a therapeutic measure.

PMID- 4034084
TI  - Secondary transneuronal degeneration: cortical changes induced by peripheral
      nerve section in neonatal rats.
AB  - Secondary transneuronal degeneration of the cortico-spinal tract (CST) has been
      induced after sciatic nerve section in newborn rats. Observations made 21-60 days
      after the lesion showed a considerable decrease in number of myelinated and
      unmyelinated fibres of the CST ipsilateral to the lesion and of horseradish
      peroxidase-labelled nerve cells in the somato-sensorimotor cortex of the
      contralateral cerebral hemisphere. This phenomenon which has never been observed
      in spite of the frequent studies of experimental peripheral nerve lesions, may be
      significant in normal and pathological development.

PMID- 4034085
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the ventral noradrenergic tract (VNAT) releases
      hypothalamic noradrenaline and stimulates prolactin secretion in ovariectomized
      female rats treated with oestrogen.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the ventral noradrenergic tract (VNAT) caused a
      significant fall in the hypothalamic content of noradrenaline in ovariectomized
      female rats which had been treated with oestrogen. No similar effect was observed
      in the cerebral cortex, which implies that the stimulation did not affect the
      dorsal noradrenergic tract. In parallel experiments with groups of similarly
      treated rats, VNAT stimulation was found to increase release of prolactin from
      the pituitary gland, and this increase was significantly enhanced in animals
      which had been stressed by fasting for 3 days.

PMID- 4034086
TI  - Cardiovascular responses and the sense of effort during attempts to contract
      paralysed muscles: role of the spinal cord.
AB  - To determine whether spinal transection affects the cardiovascular response and
      the sense of effort which accompany attempts to contract paralysed muscles in
      normal subjects, paraplegic patients tried to contract paralysed leg muscles.
      During attempted contractions, paraplegic subjects reported a sense of effort but
      did not change heart rate or blood pressure. However, these subjects had a normal
      cardiovascular response to handgrip contractions. These data suggest that
      pathways descending to and arising from the spinal cord below the lesion are
      required to generate a cardiovascular response but are not necessary for the
      sense of effort.

PMID- 4034087
TI  - Phylogenetic examination of vertebrate central nervous system myelin proteins by
      electro-immunoblotting.
AB  - Central nervous system (CNS) myelin proteins from vertebrate classes were
      examined by immunoblotting with antisera against mammalian CNS myelin proteins.
      Higher vertebrates possessed proteolipid (PLP), DM-20 and Wolfgram (WP) proteins,
      except that DM-20 was missing in amphibia. Fish CNS myelins contained neither PLP
      nor WP; instead they bound antisera to mammalian peripheral nervous system P0
      protein. All classes carried myelin basic protein, but only mammals exhibited a
      component equivalent to rat 21.5K (21,500 dalton). These phylogenetic data are
      consistent with major changes in CNS myelin protein composition at the transition
      from fishes to higher vertebrates.

PMID- 4034088
TI  - Non-cholinergic globus pallidus cells that project to the cortex but not to the
      subthalamic nucleus in rat.
AB  - A substantial population of small globus pallidus neurons was demonstrated to
      have axonal projections to the cerebral cortex using fluorescent retrograde
      transport techniques. This population was separate from the more numerous
      population of medium size globus pallidus cells projecting to the subthalamic
      nucleus and was also separate from the pallidal and especially peripallidal
      population of large cholinergic cells projecting to the cortex. Some of the
      small, non-cholinergic cells projecting to the cortex also gave off axonal
      collaterals to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus.

PMID- 4034089
TI  - Inhibitory periphery effect in geniculate neurons after elimination of specific
      retinogeniculate excitation.
AB  - Stimulation of the outer periphery of a cell's receptive field with phase
      reversing gratings leads to mainly excitatory phasic or tonic responses in the
      dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the cat. This lateral excitation is
      of retinal origin. Following destruction of the retinal receptive field area by
      localized photocoagulation, pure inhibitory periphery effects are observed in the
      majority of deafferented cells. This inhibition acts beyond the boundaries of the
      antagonistic receptive field and is based on neuronal mechanisms on the
      geniculate level.

PMID- 4034090
TI  - The pattern of cortical projections from the intermediate parts of the
      magnocellular nucleus basalis in the rat demonstrated by tracing with Phaseolus
      vulgaris-leucoagglutinin.
AB  - The pattern and distribution of the cortical projections from intermediate parts
      of the cholinergic basal magnocellular nucleus were studied by anterogradely
      transported Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. This immunocytochemical tracing
      technique reveals the detailed morphology and distribution of efferents from this
      intermediate area in the nucleus basalis to the various areas and layers of
      cortex and amygdala. Major projections with a relatively high density of terminal
      boutons were found in layers I, II and VI of the frontal cortex, in layers V and
      VI of parietal and temporal areas, in the entire perirhinal and entorhinal
      cortices, and in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdaloid body. From the nucleus
      basalis area studied, few if any projections could be demonstrated to cingulate
      and occipital cortical regions.

PMID- 4034091
TI  - Visual deficits following intraocular treatment of chicks with glutamate or
      kainic acid.
AB  - After intraocular treatment with kainate or glutamate, chicks were tested for
      visual discrimination performance, pecking aim, bead detection, optokinetic
      response and pupillary response. Kainate at an amount of 6 nmol per eye impaired
      performance in all of the tests except pupillary response. No effects were seen
      after 0.6 nmol of kainic acid. Glutamate at 6000 nmol impaired performance on all
      tests but the optokinetic and pupillary response. Although glutamate caused less
      severe deficits in visual behaviour than the high dose of kainate, cellular
      organization of the retina, at least in some regions, was more disrupted in these
      animals. Glutamate at 600 nmol caused a late onset defect in visual
      discrimination performance but no effects on optokinetic response.

PMID- 4034092
TI  - On the binding of gamma-[3H]aminobutyric acid to the rat oviduct.

PMID- 4034093
TI  - A thalamic component of the cervical evoked potential in man.
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded simultaneously from scalp
      and neck locations following median nerve stimulation. By subtracting the latency
      of the major negative peak of the cervical SEP (N13) from that of the primary
      cortical response (N20), the central somatosensory conduction time was calculated
      (5.9 ms). On the descending slope of the cervical SEP was superimposed a positive
      potential of probable thalamic origin (P17). By subtracting the latency of N13
      from that of P17 and P17 from that of N20 respectively, the transit time for the
      afferent volley both within the brainstem (3.9 ms) and the thalamo-cortical
      radiation (2.0 ms) was obtained.

PMID- 4034094
TI  - Demonstration of regional blood-brain barrier permeability in human brain.
AB  - The brain of a 78-year-old woman with argyria was examined at autopsy. Silver
      nitrate deposition was observed in circumventricular organs (CVO) and in the
      paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. These findings
      parallel animal experiments of other investigators and are the best demonstration
      so far of regional absence of the blood-brain barrier in humans. These
      observations demonstrate similarities between humans and other mammals of CVO
      anatomy, permeability to blood-borne agents, and perhaps neural connections
      between CVOs and magnocellular nuclei.

PMID- 4034095
TI  - Neutral carrier sodium ion-selective microelectrode for extracellular studies.
AB  - A Na+-selective microelectrode based on a synthetic neutral carrier (ETH 157) is
      described. The selectivities in respect to K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ are adequate for
      extracellular measurements of Na+ activities. Microelectrodes with tip diameters
      of about 0.7 micron have an electrical resistance of 3 X 10(10) omega and a 90%
      response time of less than or equal to 3 s. The drift of the potential difference
      of the Na+-microelectrode cell assembly in aqueous extracellular electrolyte
      solutions is less than or equal to 0.2 m V/3 h.

PMID- 4034096
TI  - Reciprocal connections between the caudal vermis and the vestibular nuclei in the
      rabbit.
AB  - The termination of secondary vestibulocerebellar mossy fibers and the
      localization of Purkinje cells giving rise to corticovestibular projections were
      visualized simultaneously in lobules IX and X after injections of wheat germ
      agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase in the vestibular nuclei of the rabbit.
      Vestibulocerebellar mossy fibers from the medial, descending and superior
      vestibular nuclei terminate in longitudinal strips in the granular layer, which
      coincide exactly with the localization of the labeled Purkinje cells.

PMID- 4034097
TI  - Direct projections of the hypothalamic nuclei to the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus
      in the cat.
AB  - Direct projections of the hypothalamic nuclei to the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus
      (MD) were studied using retrograde and anterograde transport of horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-HRP. HRP and WGA-HRP were
      injected into the MD, thalamic paraventricular, lateral habenular and
      hypothalamic nuclei. The results indicate that the MD, particularly its medial
      part, receives a moderate amount of hypothalamic afferents, and that most of
      these afferents originate in the medial part of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus
      at anterior levels, while a limited number are derived from the dorsal,
      dorsomedial, ventromedial and anterior hypothalamic and lateral preoptic nuclei.

PMID- 4034098
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies on mouse cerebral cortex grafted into the third
      ventricle of rats treated with cyclosporin A.
AB  - Newborn mouse cerebral cortex was transplanted into the third ventricle of an
      adult rat brain. After the operation, the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A was
      administered daily for two weeks, and the grafted tissue was examined
      immunohistochemically at the 4th week. Neurons, astroglias and oligodendroglias
      were positively stained by antibodies against neurofilament, glial fibrillary
      acid protein and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase),
      respectively. The CNPase staining indicated that myelination had occurred in the
      grafted tissue. Thus both neuronal and glial elements in the grafted tissue could
      survive and mature in the third ventricle of the different species upon
      administration of cyclosporin A.

PMID- 4034099
TI  - Divergent action of verapamil perfused in two hypothalamic areas on body
      temperature of the cat.
AB  - Guide cannulae for push-pull perfusion were bilaterally implanted stereotaxically
      within the anterior hypothalamic, preoptic area (AH/POA) and posterior
      hypothalamus (PH) of the cat. Catecholamine-reactive sites were identified within
      AH/POA in which a microinjection of norepinephrine (NE) (5.0 micrograms) evoked a
      characteristic, transient hypothermia. Similarly the cation-reactive region
      within the PH was identified in which excess Ca2+ (25 mM) also evoked a
      hypothermic response. When verapamil was perfused at a rate of 25.0
      microliters/min in a concentration of 0.4 or 2.0 micrograms/microliter within
      AH/POA at a NE-sensitive site, a concentration-dependent decline in the core
      temperature of the cat occurred. Conversely, verapamil perfused in the same
      manner with a Ca2+-reactive site caused an intense rise in the cat's body
      temperature which also was concentration dependent. These results show that the
      localized blockade of slow Ca2+ channels exerts direct, differential
      physiological effects within central nervous system tissue. In this case,
      verapamil mimics noradrenergic effects within the AH/POA; however, the
      hyperthermic response following Ca2+ channel blockade within tissue of the PH
      resembled that produced by ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid or Na ions.

PMID- 4034100
TI  - Retinal ganglion cell survival is mediated by cell contact with immature rat
      astroglia.
AB  - The survival of identified retinal ganglion cells (RGGs) in vitro increased when
      they were plated over subcultured monolayers of astrocytes. Immunofluorescence
      labelling of these monolayers showed that over 85% of the cells were glial
      fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive and consisted of large, flat immature
      astrocytes. Less than 7% of the total cell population in the monolayers were
      fibroblasts, leptomeningeal or endothelial cells. Coculturing of RGCs with
      subcultured astrocytes revealed that the trophic interaction between astrocytes
      and RGCs is mediated through cell contact.

PMID- 4034101
TI  - Organization of afferent connections to the lateral and interpositus cerebellar
      nuclei from the brainstem relay nuclei: a horseradish peroxidase study in the
      cat.
AB  - Afferent projections to the lateral (dentate) and interpositus cerebellar nuclei
      from the brainstem relay nuclei were studied in cats using the horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) method. In the first series of experiments, HRP was injected
      into the brachium pontis. Mossy fiber terminals were anterogradely labeled,
      predominantly in the lateral (hemispherical) part, moderately in the intermediate
      part, and slightly in the vermal part of the cerebellum. Besides these terminals
      in the cerebellar cortex, axon terminals labeled anterogradely were also found in
      the cerebellar nuclei. The labeled terminals appeared almost exclusively in the
      lateral nucleus and rarely in the interpositus nucleus. Cells labeled
      retrogradely were found both in the pontine nuclei and the tegmental reticular
      nucleus, but not in other brainstem nuclei. In the second series of experiments,
      HRP was injected into the lateral and interpositus nuclei, and retrograde
      labeling was examined in the brainstem relay nuclei. After HRP injection into the
      lateral nucleus, the number of labeled cells was significantly large in the
      pontine nuclei, but fairly small in the reticular or vestibular nuclei. The
      number of labeled cells was generally large in the inferior olive, mainly in the
      principal olive. After HRP injection into the interpositus nucleus, the number of
      labeled cells was moderate in the reticular or vestibular nuclei, but small in
      the pontine nuclei. The number of labeled cells in the inferior olive was also
      large, being distributed mainly in the accessory olives. These results indicate
      that the pontine nuclei and the principal olive provide major afferent inputs to
      the lateral nucleus, whereas the reticular nuclei, the vestibular nuclei and the
      accessory olives are the major afferent sources to the interpositus nucleus.

PMID- 4034102
TI  - Cytoarchitectonic coincidence with the discontinuous connectional pattern in the
      deep layers of the superior colliculus in the rat.
AB  - The aims of the present study are to demonstrate cytoarchitectonically columnar
      structures in the deep layers of the rat's superior colliculus, and to show
      experimentally the existence of a clear correlation between the
      cytoarchitectonically defined columnar structures and the discontinuous patterns
      of the tectal connections in the deep layers. Injections of horseradish
      peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) into the prefrontal
      cortex produced orthograde labeling in the columnar structures in the deep layers
      of the superior colliculus, while HRP-WGA injections into the somatic sensory
      cortex resulted in orthograde labeling in the areas outside the columnar
      structures, so that the distribution patterns of terminals from these two
      different cortical areas are complementary in the deep layers. Cells of origin of
      the tectal efferents are also differentiated in terms of the columnar structures;
      HRP-WGA injections into the dorsal medial nucleus of the thalamus yielded
      retrograde labeling of spindle-cells within the columns, whereas the injections
      into the trigeminal sensory nuclei produced retrograde labeling of polygonal
      cells in the areas outside of the columns. These results suggest that as in the
      dorsoventral laminar coincidence with the tectal connections, there is a well
      organized mediolateral registration of the tectal connections with the
      cytoarchitectonically defined cell arrangement in the deep layers of the superior
      colliculus.

PMID- 4034103
TI  - [3H]Nicotine binding sites in developing fetal brains in rats.
AB  - [3H]Nicotine binding sites were examined in developing fetal brains in rats. The
      fetal brain membranes bound [3H]nicotine with a similar affinity to that of adult
      brain membranes. This binding was displaced by unlabelled nicotine or
      carbamylcholine, the inhibition concentrations being approximately the same for
      fetal and adult brain preparations. alpha-Bungarotoxin had no effect on
      [3H]nicotine binding to fetal brain membranes as well as to adult brain
      preparations. The specific [3H]nicotine binding was first detectable on day 16 of
      gestation and it increased several folds until birth.

PMID- 4034104
TI  - Responses of cerebellar Purkinje cells to mechanical perturbations during
      locomotion of decerebrate cats.
AB  - During the locomotion of cats which had been decerebrated at the precollicular
      and premammillary level, mechanical perturbations (taps of 50-550 g wt.) were
      applied to the paw dorsum of the left forelimb. Purkinje cells were recorded from
      the vermis of the cerebellar anterior lobe, and those connected to Deiters'
      neurons controlling the right forelimb were identified by antidromic and
      orthodromic stimuli. Taps on the left forelimb induced in these Purkinje cells
      two types of responses; I-type is a depression of simple spike discharge, often
      preceded by a brief phase of facilitation, and E-type is entirely a facilitation
      of simple spike discharge. Complex spikes, representing activation through
      climbing fiber afferents, were frequently evoked by the taps in both I- and E
      types. The I-type depression in Purkinje cells closely corresponds to the
      previously reported facilitation in Deiters' neurons and forelimb extensor
      muscles, suggesting that the interlimb coordination during cat's locomotion is
      effected by linked activity of vermal Purkinje cells and Deiters' neurons.

PMID- 4034105
TI  - Promotion of sprouting and synaptogenesis of cerebrofugal fibers by ganglioside
      application in the red nucleus.
AB  - The effect of gangliosides on sprouting of cerebrorubral synapses from the
      contralateral cerebral cortex was investigated following lesions of normal
      ipsilateral cerebrorubral synapses. It was found that, in cats in which
      ipsilateral cerebral ablations were performed at more than 2 months of age, the
      mean probability of occurrence of EPSPs induced in red nucleus neurons by
      stimulation of fibers from the contralateral cerebral cortex in the ganglioside
      treated group was significantly higher than in the untreated group. Therefore,
      ganglioside application appears to promote sprouting and formation of functional
      synapses in the red nucleus.

PMID- 4034106
TI  - Estrogen stimulates neuronal plasticity in the deafferented hypothalamic arcuate
      nucleus in aged female rats.
AB  - The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARCN) was examined ultrastructurally 3 weeks
      after the complete deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) with
      the island isolation technique in ovariectomized aged female rats (720-930 days
      of age). The mean numbers of axodendritic and axosomatic synapses in the ARCN
      decreased to about one-third of those in the intact controls. However, the
      treatment with estradiol benzoate (2 micrograms/day) during the 3 weeks following
      the day of brain surgery brought about a marked increase in the numbers of these
      synapses. The data suggest that the ARCN neurons of aged female rats still retain
      plasticity to react to deafferentation under influences of estrogen.

PMID- 4034107
TI  - Copper deficiency induced by megadoses of zinc.

PMID- 4034108
TI  - Neosugar--a fructooligosaccharide nonnutritive sweetener.

PMID- 4034109
TI  - Regulation of iron assimilation in microorganisms.

PMID- 4034110
TI  - Hypomagnesemia associated with other electrolyte imbalances.

PMID- 4034111
TI  - Glucose polymers enhance the intestinal absorption of calcium.

PMID- 4034112
TI  - Infant feeding practices in India.

PMID- 4034113
TI  - Iron overload associated with Hemoglobin Olympia.

PMID- 4034114
TI  - Regulation of mucosal enzymes by their dietary substrates.

PMID- 4034115
TI  - Aortal abnormalities in marginal copper deficit.

PMID- 4034116
TI  - A new pathway for conversion of glucose to glycogen is confirmed.

PMID- 4034117
TI  - Role of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate in vitamin K-dependent carboxylation.

PMID- 4034118
TI  - Maternal iron deficiency affects carnitine metabolism in rat pups.

PMID- 4034119
TI  - An overview of adult allergic disorders.
AB  - Stuffy nose, itchy and watery eyes, shortness of breath with wheezing, hives and
      stomach upsets often translate into allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, urticaria
      and food allergies. These symptoms present a diagnostic dilemma to practitioners,
      even when sophisticated immunologic tests are available. Given a good history,
      however, the most common allergic disorders can be diagnosed and managed by nurse
      practitioners. In this article, an overview is presented which includes a
      discussion of four chronic adult allergic problems: rhinitis, asthma, urticaria
      and food allergies. A review of basic immunological principles is provided. Each
      condition is described in terms of data collection and assessment criteria.
      General client education guidelines follow.

PMID- 4034121
TI  - Malicious prosecution.

PMID- 4034120
TI  - Tetanus and the aged.
AB  - Tetanus is primarily a disease of the aged. Even though the overall number of
      cases of tetanus has decreased since 1955, the number of cases of tetanus in
      people 50 years of age and older has remained constant. The national Center for
      Disease Control attributes the cases of tetanus in the aged to inadequate
      immunization levels. Tetanus is preventable and, theoretically, could be
      eradicated if the population was at an adequate immunization level. There are
      many reasons why older people are not adequately immunized. These reasons may
      include the inability to get to a health care facility due to physical disability
      or lack of transportation, ignorance of the importance of seeking health care for
      minor injuries, financial constraints and a knowledge deficit on the part of
      health care providers regarding the immunization needs of the aged. Health care
      providers can prevent tetanus in the aged through vigilance. All aged clients
      should be routinely assessed and immunizations updated as necessary. Tetanus will
      never be eliminated until universal active immunization has been achieved.

PMID- 4034122
TI  - Oesophageal transit of liquid: effects of single or multiple swallows.
AB  - The effects of single and multiple swallowing on oesophageal transit have been
      evaluated in healthy subjects. It was shown that the transit patterns observed
      after multiple swallowing were different from that observed after a single
      swallow. It was concluded that for the detection of oesophageal transit
      abnormalities, the test should be performed using a single swallowed bolus.

PMID- 4034123
TI  - Overestimation of splenic size and underestimation of hepatic size by
      radiocolloid scintigraphy in advanced cirrhosis of the liver: an autopsy
      correlation.
AB  - The radiocolloid liver-spleen scintigrams of seven patients with advanced
      cirrhosis of the liver were correlated with autopsy results. The data showed
      scintigraphic overestimation of splenic size and underestimation of hepatic size.
      The causes of underestimation of the liver size were: rotation of the liver due
      to ascites; photon attenuation by ascitic fluid; and/or decreased and in
      homogeneous distribution of radiocolloid in the diseased liver. The splenic
      size/weight was overestimated because of lack of the effects of ascites and the
      usually marked increase in splenic radioactivity. Awareness of the
      underestimation of the liver weight/size and overestimation of the splenic
      weight/size occurring on the radiocolloid liver-spleen scan of patient with
      advanced alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver may help avoid misinterpretation.

PMID- 4034124
TI  - Hyperacute complete common bile duct obstruction demonstrated with 99Tcm-IDA
      cholescintigraphy.

PMID- 4034125
TI  - Right ventricular ejection fraction determined in three projections.
AB  - The right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was successively determined in
      three projections in ten healthy volunteers aged 28-53, mean 37 years, with a
      first-pass technique using 99Tcm-labelled red blood cells and a gamma camera
      coupled to a computer. In the anterior-posterior projection (AP) the mean RVEF
      was 39.3%, range 26-49%, in the left anterior oblique (LAO) 43.7% (36-58), and in
      the right anterior oblique (RAO) 44.5% (36-54). These mean values do not differ
      significantly (P = 10%). The results from one of the subjects were withdrawn, as
      they deviated markedly from the general pattern, and the data were reanalysed
      from the remaining 9 subjects. Now the mean RVEF in the AP projection was 38.2%,
      which is significantly lower (P = 1%) than the corresponding RVEF of 44.3% in the
      LAO projection and of 45.2% in the RAO projection. Our results suggest that when
      using the classic first-pass technique, the right ventricle histograms will in
      any projection be influenced by the activity in the right atrium and the large
      vessels.

PMID- 4034126
TI  - The synthesis and evaluation of radioiodinated 14-(iodophenyl)-3
      (R,S)methyltetradecanoic acid.
AB  - Radiohalogenated fatty acids (FA) labelled with gamma-emitting isotopes have a
      potentially important application in studies of impaired myocardial perfusion and
      metabolism. Evaluation of straight-chain fatty acids radiolabelled in different
      positions on the FA chain has been reported by many groups. In this paper we
      extended our recent studies using the betamethyl branched-chain fatty acid. The
      synthesis, labelling and preliminary evaluation of 131I- and 123I-14-(iodophenyl)
      3-(R,S)methyltetradecanoic acid (I-PBMTA) are reported. This radiolabel
      concentrates in the mouse myocardium with 16% injected dose g-1 and 11% injected
      dose g-1 at 15 and 30 min, respectively. The images of the canine heart
      postinjection indicate a high myocardial extraction of the label with activity
      retained over an hour. The rate of washout of the activity from the heart was
      very low. This analogue is a potential agent for myocardial imaging studies.

PMID- 4034127
TI  - Combination of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carcino embryonic antigen
      (CEA) in different types of cancer.
AB  - Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carcino embryonic antigen (CEA) were
      measured in 55 patients with cancer in different locations (21 lung cancer, 133
      breast cancer, 9 stomach cancer, 5 colorectal cancer, 7 cancer of unknown
      origin). TPA gives elevated values in all types of cancer. The statistical
      analysis shows that TPA is about equally sensitive for all cancer types, while
      CEA has a particularly high sensitivity for colorectal carcinoma. The TPA values
      in the group of cancer patients is significantly different from those in a group
      of healthy controls. TPA gives higher sensitivity than CEA in all tumour
      locations. By the use of combined determination of TPA and CEA the sensitivity
      can be further increased, to 64% for the whole patient population and 89% for the
      gastric tumour patients, even when the cut-off values are chosen so high that no
      false positives are obtained in either reference group (150 Ul-1 for TPA, 10 ng
      ml-1 for CEA). A limited correlation exists between the markers in tumour
      patients.

PMID- 4034128
TI  - Region of interest, ROI, analysis--confidence in derived parameters?

PMID- 4034130
TI  - Health and safety needs detailed in new asbestos abatement survey.

PMID- 4034129
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation--the clinician's dilemma.
AB  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a complex syndrome involving
      inappropriate activation of the coagulation and subsequently fibrinolytic
      systems. It may occur in conjunction with a variety of disease states. The
      diagnosis must be based on a series of laboratory tests which provide indirect
      evidence of the process. Treatment consists of general supportive measures and
      elimination of the activating source of the coagulopathy. Additional therapy is
      dictated by individual circumstances.

PMID- 4034131
TI  - Chemical protective clothing: certification of performance.

PMID- 4034132
TI  - Universities can interest students in benefits of occupational medicine.

PMID- 4034133
TI  - Eye safety and health programs can improve productivity and profits.

PMID- 4034134
TI  - Accident/illness statistics are not effective if they are confusing.

PMID- 4034135
TI  - ABCs of safe driving.

PMID- 4034136
TI  - Clearing up the public's misconceptions about health care.

PMID- 4034137
TI  - The dangerous patient: how to assess them, how to manage them.

PMID- 4034139
TI  - Recognizing and treating the victims of violence.

PMID- 4034138
TI  - The doctor as victim: it can happen to you.

PMID- 4034140
TI  - Physicians liability in child abuse reporting cases.

PMID- 4034141
TI  - Cries of the children: are physicians listening?

PMID- 4034142
TI  - The current role of suction assisted lipolysis.

PMID- 4034143
TI  - High-dose 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to conventional
      chemotherapeutic agents were treated with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara
      C) at a dose of 2 g/m2 over 2 h every 12 h for 3 doses at 21-day intervals. Two
      patients achieved partial remission, 3 patients had less than partial response.

PMID- 4034144
TI  - Determination of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) levels in different cancer
      types and controls.
AB  - The clinical significance of the radioimmunological determination of tissue
      polypeptide antigen (TPA) was studied in 1980 and 1981 in patients with different
      cancer types (cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, cancer of the genitourinary
      tract, cancer of the lung and other malignancies) as well as in patients with
      acute inflammatory diseases, other benign diseases and healthy controls. TPA
      levels were elevated in about 70% of patients with acute inflammatory diseases
      and in 50-80% of patients with malignancies having evidence of disease (ED). In
      all other groups, as healthy controls, benign diseases except inflammatory
      diseases and cancer patients who had no evidence of disease (NED) or partial
      remission (PR), TPA was above the normal range in 4-17%. Comparisons between
      cancer patients with ED and cancer patients with NED/PR, healthy controls and
      patients with benign diseases (without acute inflammatory diseases) have shown a
      significant difference (p less than 0.01). Data from a follow-up program from the
      years 1982 to 1984, including TPA determinations, are shown. TPA can be regarded
      as an additional 'marker' for proliferative processes. The test seems to be
      useful for monitoring cancer growth in advanced cancer patients who received
      chemo- or radiotherapy. Limitations result from the lack of tumor specificity of
      the marker TPA.

PMID- 4034145
TI  - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotion of carcinogen-treated rat liver
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Established RLC-1 adult rat liver endothelial cells were utilized to assess
      promotional requirements of hepatic endothelial elements to malignant
      transformation following in vitro exposure to carcinogens requiring metabolic
      activation. Diethylnitrosamine failed to transform RLC-1 cells with or without
      tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) promotion. Benzo (a) pyrene was previously
      shown to initiate certain growth changes in the RLC-1 line; these cells, however,
      required TPA promotion prior to expression of the fully transformed phenotype.

PMID- 4034146
TI  - Pathological analysis of the carcinogenicity of sodium o-phenylphenate and o
      phenylphenol.
AB  - Potential carcinogenicity and promoting effects of sodium o-phenylphenate (OPP
      Na) in two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis were shown in male F344 rats
      pretreated with 0.01% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN). However, o
      phenylphenol (OPP) did not enhance the occurrence of urinary bladder lesions in
      rats pretreated with BBN. Scanning electron microscopy of OPP-Na-treated animals
      demonstrated a dose-dependent production of pleomorphic microvilli on the luminal
      surface of bladder superficial cells, whereas these were not observed with OPP.
      These results give some support to the conclusion that OPP-Na may be carcinogenic
      in the urinary bladder of male rats.

PMID- 4034148
TI  - Electrical resistivity of a tumor.
AB  - The resistivities of a Swarm murine basement membrane sarcoma and also
      surrounding tissue in BALB/c mice were determined. The circuit used allowed
      resistivity to be measured independently of the electrode geometry and
      capacitance. The tumor exhibited a resistivity of 310 +/- 52 omega X cm and the
      tissue 653 +/- 142 omega X cm.

PMID- 4034147
TI  - Cell surface alterations in murine leukaemia P388 adriamycin-resistant cells:
      studies on lectin-induced agglutination and rearrangement of lectin receptors.
AB  - Cell surface alteration was studied in a subline of murine lymphocytic leukaemia
      resistant to the broad-spectrum anticancer agent adriamycin (P388/ADR) employing
      concanavalin A(Con A)-induced agglutination and rearrangement of lectin
      receptors. Con A induced more agglutination of P388/ADR when compared to the drug
      sensitive parental cell line (P388/S). Studies on the redistribution of Con A and
      Ricinus communis agglutinin-I revealed a high percentage of P388/ADR showing
      internalized fluorescence, while a majority of P388/S displayed a uniform
      distribution of fluorescence on the cell surface.

PMID- 4034149
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the lingual dorsal surface of the beagle dog.

PMID- 4034150
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the lingual dorsal surface of the Japanese
      lizard, Takydromus tachydromoides.

PMID- 4034151
TI  - The branching site of the posterior adrenal artery in pigs.

PMID- 4034152
TI  - The anterior meningeal artery and other meningeal branches of the rabbit.

PMID- 4034153
TI  - A case study of radial artery absence.

PMID- 4034154
TI  - Abstracts of the 25th meeting of the Association for Eye Research. Lund, Sweden,
      August 28-31, 1984.

PMID- 4034155
TI  - Intercellular junctions in the developing rat corneal endothelium.
AB  - The surface events which occur during the morphogenesis of the corneal
      endothelium were studied in the rat with special attention to intercellular
      contacts, using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and freeze
      fracture technique. Confluency was reached at the 16th-17th day of fetal
      development. As soon as adjacent cells make contact, marginal interdigitated
      finger-like processes developed and apical cell junctions appeared, namely tight
      and gap junctions. Tight junction networks progressively developed, girdling the
      apical side of lateral membranes, nevertheless, they remained very irregular in
      their apicobasal thicknesses. At every stage studied, neutralized lanthanum used
      as an ultrastructural tracer was seen filling the intercellular clefts and
      junction domains. Hence, the apical junctions do not constitute an impermeable
      barrier to this tracer in the developing corneal endothelium.

PMID- 4034156
TI  - Fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelial region of the archerfish
      (Toxotes jaculatrix).
AB  - The structure of the retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris and Bruch's
      membrane has been studied by electron microscopy in the archerfish Toxotes
      jaculatrix. The pigment epithelium is composed of a single layer of large
      columnar cells. Each epithelial cell displays numerous small mitochondria, smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum, myeloid bodies, phagosomes and melanosomes. Rough
      endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes while present are not abundant. The scleral
      or basal border of the epithelial cells is but minimally infolded whereas the
      vitreal or apical surface displays many elongated processes which surround the
      inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors. Laterally the epithelial cells
      are joined by a series of basally located cell junctions. Unattached phagocytic
      cells are a constant feature both between the retinal epithelial cells and within
      Bruch's membrane. The endothelium of the choriocapillaris bordering Bruch's
      membrane is typically very thin with a few fenestrations. Bruch's membrane lacks
      a central elastic layer and is composed of only three layers. Although only light
      adapted specimens were examined, it is felt that the melanosomes are capable of
      retinomotor movements.

PMID- 4034157
TI  - Effects of ocular blood flow changes on the efferent activity of cat ciliary
      nerves.
AB  - The efferent activity of the short ciliary nerves was studied in 23 anesthetized
      cats. Spontaneous activity was recorded in all preparations, and 33% showed a
      rhythmic discharge. Ipsilateral common carotid occlusion (ICCO) at constant
      intraocular and arterial pressures changed the discharge frequency in 14 of 33
      filaments. Of these, 13 filaments showed a decrease in their firing frequency
      whereas in only one the discharge increased. Contralateral common carotid
      occlusion (CCCO), at constant intraocular pressure, changed the firing frequency
      in 8 of 20 filaments: 5 of them showed a decrease in their discharge frequency,
      whereas in 3 of them the discharge increased. This occurred when systemic
      arterial pressure was allowed to increase. These results suggest the presence of
      an efferent pathway involved in the nervous modulation or control of intraocular
      blood flow, aqueous humor dynamics, and/or intraocular pressure.

PMID- 4034158
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the
      anterior uvea of the guinea pig.
AB  - The presence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity,
      especially in the anterior part of the guinea pig uvea, was studied using an
      indirect immunofluorescence technique. In the ciliary body, thin varicose VIP
      fibers displaying VIP immunoreactivity were observed in the ciliary muscle and in
      the ciliary processes. The iris was virtually free of VIP fibers. In the choroid,
      VIP-immunoreactive fibers were seen mainly in close association with the
      choroidal blood vessels. The histochemical localization of VIP-immunoreactive
      fibers in the anterior uvea suggests that the physiological role of neuronal VIP
      in the uvea is not only associated with the regulation of the blood flow of the
      choroid but also with the functions of ciliary muscle and ciliary epithelium.

PMID- 4034159
TI  - Binocular disparity in visual evoked responses. Clinical evidence in normal and
      stereoblind subjects.
AB  - The authors have utilized a binocular flat or stereoscopic pattern (grating) to
      record visual evoked responses (VER) in normal and strabismic subjects. The aim
      was to find an electrophysiological correlate with the degree of binocular
      interaction in these subjects. The perception of the grating as tridimensional or
      flat derived from the disparity obtained with Polaroid filters placed in front of
      the eyes. In normal subjects, the results demonstrated a significant increase of
      VER amplitude during tridimensional perception of the pattern. In strabismic
      subjects the electrophysiological response was not correlated with the binocular
      conditions.

PMID- 4034160
TI  - Low temperature and acrylamide inhibit lens opacification caused by calcium.
AB  - We studied lens opacification of rabbit lenses in culture. Opacification was
      produced by maintaining rabbit lenses in medium containing calcium concentrations
      as high as 10 mmol/l and the opacity was measured using LASER spectroscopy.
      Increasing calcium caused significant opacification in lens cortex while the
      transparency in lens nucleus was unchanged by these concentrations. The cortical
      opacity was inhibited by low temperature and acrylamide. The maximum inhibition
      of opacity occurred at a concentration of 1% acrylamide and a temperature of 4
      degrees C. The opacification due to a phase separation in nuclear cells was
      unaffected by these concentrations of calcium.

PMID- 4034161
TI  - Malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma in an adult.
AB  - A 50-year-old man presented with a reddish, well-vascularized mass in the region
      of a nasal iridodialysis of his left eye, pushing the whole iris in this sector
      forwards; the mass had a pinkish, partly cystic appearance in the pupil. The
      tumour was transparent on diaphanoscopy. A-scan sonography revealed a solid
      tumour of the ciliary body with partial retinal detachment suggesting a malignant
      melanoma. Fluorescein biomicroscopy did not confirm this suspicion. The
      enucleated eye demonstrated a malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma of the whole
      nasal and lower ciliary body, infiltrating the deep iris stroma, the anterior
      choroid, the neighbouring vitreous body and spreading along the inner retinal
      surface back to the equator of the eye. The occurrence of medulloepithelioma in
      adult and senior persons is rather exceptional and this is the reason for this
      publication.

PMID- 4034162
TI  - Some ultrastructural aspects of the vitreoretinal juncture.
AB  - The ultrastructural study of the vitreoretinal juncture was carried out by
      comparing two groups of patients: 6 young subjects under 25 years and 6 older
      subjects over 70. Retinal samples were taken from the posterior pole, the equator
      and the extreme periphery. Our work shows that the morphological modifications of
      the vitreoretinal juncture during the aging process vary following location. The
      most original alteration, never observed before, appears in the equatorial
      region: it consists of a widening of the intercell space filled with fibrils
      adhering to Muller's cells. It builds up an adhesion zone between the vitreous
      and the retina which is not visible during clinical investigations; it can create
      a tear during the posterior vitreous detachment.

PMID- 4034163
TI  - Pupil increment thresholds are influenced by color opponent mechanisms.
AB  - Pupillomotor and sensory spectral sensitivity curves of light-adapted eyes were
      compared. Experimental conditions were designed to favor (despite the threshold
      criterion) opponent processing of signals: long (500-ms) stimuli of large
      diameter (60 degrees) were presented centrally on an intense (16 cd/m2) white
      background. Narrow spacing of monochromatic stimuli permitted the recording of
      peaks and troughs in the increment spectral sensitivity curve which neither
      coincided with the characteristics of receptor pigment absorption spectra nor
      with the V-lambda curve. They are considered as showing influences of opponency
      mechanisms. Pupillomotor spectral sensitivity paralleled the sensory one,
      exhibiting the influence of opponency mechanisms on the pupil. Using more
      physiological conditions, human photopic spectral sensitivity was revealed as a
      three-peaked function, in sensory as well as in pupillomotor terms.

PMID- 4034164
TI  - Oscillatory potentials of the electroretinogram in patients with unilateral optic
      atrophy.
AB  - The oscillatory potentials (OP) of the electroretinogram (ERG) of 26 patients
      with unilateral optic atrophy were studied. The severity of optic atrophy was
      graded according to clinical findings. Three groups of increasing interocular
      difference in contrast sensitivity and changes of the visual evoked cortical
      potentials were obtained. No significant difference between the amplitudes or
      peak latencies of the individual oscillatory peaks or summed amplitudes of the
      OPs between the affected and control fellows eyes in any group was found. Neither
      was there any significant interocular differences regarding the a- and b-waves.
      These findings show that there does not seem to be any major contribution of
      ganglion cell activity in the generation of the OPs. Secondly, the results do not
      support the existence of centrifugal optic nerve innervation of the human retina.

PMID- 4034165
TI  - Epidemiology of acute angle-closure glaucoma: incidence and seasonal variations.
AB  - 126 cases of acute angle-closure glaucoma were encountered in the total
      population of the Israel Negev region during 12 years. This constitutes an
      incidence of 4.2/100,000/year in the total population and 11.1/100,000 in the
      over-30 population. The female:male ratio was 2.1:1 and the most frequently
      affected age-group was the 51-60 one; when age adjustment was made for the total
      population, the risk was equally high for all ages above 50. The ethnic origin
      had no effect on the incidence. A statistically significant preponderance of
      attacks occurring during summer and winter was found.

PMID- 4034166
TI  - [Changes in retinal hemodynamics in old age].
AB  - The influence of increasing age on the haemodynamics of the retina was examined
      in a prospective study using 377 consecutive videoangiograms. A significant
      alteration of the arm-to-retina time and the arterial, capillary and venous
      phases of the retinal circulation is not detectable before the 60th year of life.
      After the age of 60 all circulation times change in a negative sense. A further,
      pronounced slowing of retinal circulation appears after the 75th year of life.
      This shows that the well-known morphological alterations in the retinal vessels
      in old age are accompanied by haemodynamic changes.

PMID- 4034167
TI  - [Unusual ocular anomaly in 9 p trisomy: retinal depigmentation].
AB  - A new case of 9 p trisomy is reported in a 7-month-girl having typical
      morphological abnormalities and a mental retardation. During the examination,
      unusual ocular abnormalities were observed: pigmented linear dots of the mid
      peripheral retinal. Strabismus and hypertelorism were present. However, the other
      ocular features, blepharophimosis, correctopia, ptosis, microphthalmia, iris
      coloboma, unusual position of the eyelashes were not observed.

PMID- 4034168
TI  - Delayed corneal wound healing following radial keratotomy.
AB  - Four human corneal specimens obtained 5 to 47 months following radial keratotomy
      were evaluated by correlative microscopy. Repeat radial keratotomies had been
      performed in two cases. We documented gaping keratotomy incisions, epithelial
      plugs, and epithelial-lined incisions. In all cases, Bowman's layer was
      malapposed with slight to moderate fibroblastic activity at the incision sites.
      Epithelial and endothelial radial ridges were seen in two cases. No endothelial
      damage was seen under the radial incisions. The morphological evaluation of these
      specimens show the potential for a poor wound-healing response when corneas with
      previous corneal surgery and/or pathologic states undergo radial keratotomy.

PMID- 4034169
TI  - Excimer laser ablation of the cornea and lens. Experimental studies.
AB  - The pulsed ultraviolet excimer laser has been used to produce tissue ablation
      with a high degree of precision and with minimal thermal damage to adjacent
      structures. In comparative studies of excimer laser ablation of the cornea and
      crystalline lens using 193 nm and 248 nm radiation, threshold fluence for corneal
      and lens ablation was higher at 248 nm than at 193 nm. Ablation of corneal stroma
      at 193 nm produced the most precise cuts. When examined by transmission electron
      microscopy, a narrow zone of damaged tissue (0.1 to 0.3 micron) was seen
      immediately adjacent to the tissue removed by the laser. Ablation with 248 nm
      radiation produced incisions with ragged edges and with a wider and more severe
      zone of damage in adjacent stroma. Ultraviolet spectral transmission studies of
      the corneal stroma showed that absorption is 10 times greater at 193 nm than at
      248 nm. The excimer laser was effective in producing well controlled ablation of
      the crystalline lens in vitro, with effects parallel to those seen in the cornea.

PMID- 4034170
TI  - An ultrastructural study of corneal incisions induced by an excimer laser at 193
      nm.
AB  - Far ultraviolet light (193 nm) produced by an excimer laser has been used to
      produce a variety of incisions in the corneas of anaesthetised rabbits. Tissue
      was lost from the site of irradiation but the nature of the underlying molecular
      interactions responsible for such tissue erosion remain obscure. Ultrastructural
      analysis of the walls of the ablated areas show damage to the adjacent structures
      to be confined to a zone 60 to 200 nm in width. These dimensions could either be
      attributed to photochemical processes in which high energy photons directly break
      organic molecular bond, or to thermal reactions which result in limited heat flow
      and damage confined to the absorption depth at 193 nm of less than 1 micron. In
      non-penetrating incisions that reached within 40 micron of Descemet's membrane,
      endothelial cells were lost beneath the line of the irradiation. This spalling of
      cells seemed to be generated by shock or acoustic waves.

PMID- 4034171
TI  - Retinal acuity evaluation with the potential acuity meter in glaucoma patients.
AB  - The potential acuity meter (PAM) is designed to evaluate retinal acuity in the
      presence of media opacities. We looked at patients with glaucoma but with clear
      media, and compared best corrected visual acuity with PAM results to see if they
      produced comparable results. Sixty eyes in 38 glaucoma patients and 20 eyes in 10
      normal ocular patients were evaluated. Our results indicate that PAM visual
      acuity is a reliable indicator of Snellen visual acuity in normal eyes, in eyes
      with mild to moderate glaucomatous damage, and when PAM visual acuity
      measurements were better than 20/60. However, when visual field loss is severe
      and when PAM visual acuity readings were worse than 20/60, the correspondence
      between these and Snellen visual acuity was erratic. Poor PAM results will not
      correlate with postoperative visual acuity in patients with advanced glaucoma and
      cataracts.

PMID- 4034172
TI  - Color contrast perimetry. The spatial distribution of color defects in optic
      nerve and retinal diseases.
AB  - Color contrast perimetry was used to evaluate central visual field defects in a
      group of 28 patients with visual loss resulting from optic nerve or retinal
      diseases. Kinetic perimetry was performed using colored test objects of constant
      luminance, equated to a white surround of 10 ft lamberts. Colored test objects
      were varied in size and in extent of color saturation. Test object color
      saturation was varied from a white that matched the color and luminance of the
      adapting background toward either the blue or the red color maxima of a video
      tangent screen. All central visual field defects that were demonstrable by
      luminance contrast perimetry were also detected by color contrast testing, and no
      defects were found for color contrast detection that could not also be
      demonstrated by conventional luminance increment perimetry. Retinal diseases
      usually produced scotomas for both color and luminance contrast detection, while
      optic nerve disorders tended to produce global depressions of both color and
      luminance contrast sensitivity across the entire visual field in addition to
      scotomas. There was no systematic difference in visual field defects for either
      class of disease when comparing color contrast in the blue (tritan) versus the
      red (protan) axes of color space. The apparent tritan or protan/deutan axes of
      color confusion found by hue discrimination testing in acquired dyschromatopsias
      may be determined by the relative spatial distribution of defects in the central
      visual field rather than by selective impairment of neural mechanisms for color
      or luminance information processing.

PMID- 4034173
TI  - Superior division paresis of the oculomotor nerve.
AB  - Five patients with isolated ptosis and a paresis of ocular elevation in abduction
      consistent with an isolated superior division III nerve palsy are reported. In
      all instances the III nerve appeared to be involved before its reported anatomic
      bifurcation into a superior and an inferior division, in the anterior cavernous
      sinus.

PMID- 4034174
TI  - Drusen of the optic nerve head. An important model.
AB  - It is proposed that drusen of the optic nerve head (ONH) may provide a useful
      model for the study of diseases which affect the vicinity of the optic disc.
      Several sensitive and revealing tests of inner retinal/optic nerve function have
      been applied in this investigation. Fundus Photo Perimetry has confirmed that
      little correlation exists between visual field defects and the location of
      ophthalmoscopically visible ONH drusen. The Flashing Repeat Static Test (FRST)
      was found to be abnormal in half of our patients, indicating probable ascending
      dysfunction in optic nerve fibers beyond the lamina cribrosa. Alterations in
      transient-like and/or sustained-like functions, found in several cases, are
      thought to represent effects of dysfunction descending to the retinal plexiform
      layers.

PMID- 4034175
TI  - Mapping X-linked ophthalmic diseases. Provisional assignment of the locus for
      choroideremia to Xq13-q24.
AB  - Choroideremia (McK 30310), an X-linked hereditary retinal dystrophy, causes
      nyctalopia, progressive visual field loss, and ultimately central blindness in
      affected males in early adulthood. We have used restriction fragment length
      polymorphisms from the X-chromosome to localize the region of the mutation for
      choroideremia in three families with this disorder. One polymorphic marker,
      DXYS1, located within Xq13-q21, shows no recombination with choroideremia at a
      LOD score of 5.78. Thus choroideremia maps within 9 centiMorgans of DXYS1 at 90%
      probability. Another marker, DXS11, located at Xq24-q26, shows no recombination
      with choroideremia but at a smaller LOD score of 1.54. These results suggest that
      the locus for choroideremia is distal to DXYS1 and between the two markers in the
      region Xq13-q24. This information may be useful for antenatal diagnosis,
      isolation of the mutant gene, and development of a rational therapy for the
      disorder.

PMID- 4034176
TI  - Cataract surgery following cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy for posterior uveal
      malignant melanoma.
AB  - We reviewed the records of thirteen patients with posterior uveal malignant
      melanoma who had developed a mature radiation cataract following cobalt-60 plaque
      radiotherapy. Cataract extraction had been performed in seven of these patients
      as of the survey date of this investigation. We attempted to determine if
      cataract extraction increased the risk of metastatic melanoma, improved or
      worsened visual function, or resulted in any consistent intraoperative or
      postoperative complications that did not occur if the cataract was retained. Our
      analysis showed that removing the cataract did not appear to increase the risk of
      death from metastatic melanoma, but it also indicated that cataract extraction
      did not seem to improve the visual function of the irradiated eye. On the basis
      of our experience to date, we offer suggested guidelines for the management of
      patients who develop a mature cataract following cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy of
      a posterior uveal malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4034177
TI  - Cataract surgery and intraocular lenses in patients with unsuspected malignant
      melanoma of the ciliary body and choroid.
AB  - During a recent four-year period, 21 patients were referred to the Oncology
      Service at Wills Eye Hospital with previously unsuspected posterior uveal
      melanomas in an eye that had been operated upon for a unilateral cataract. Twelve
      of the 21 patients had undergone standard cataract extraction and nine had had
      implantation of an intraocular lens, which was often in juxtaposition to the
      unsuspected melanoma. Preoperative ultrasonography in these patients had
      apparently been performed only to obtain an axial length of the globe and the eye
      was not scanned for pathologic processes in the posterior segment. Management of
      the melanoma included a cobalt plaque in eleven cases, enucleation in five,
      periodic observation in three, iridocyclochorioretinectomy in one, and orbital
      exenteration in one. It is stressed that a thorough external and slit-lamp
      examination, transillumination, carefully performed ultrasonography and, if
      necessary, a radioactive phosphorus uptake test can establish the diagnosis of
      uveal melanoma and prevent diagnostic delay and misdirected therapy in such
      cases.

PMID- 4034178
TI  - Projection-simulated ametropia. A model for teaching subjective refraction.
AB  - Teaching subjective refraction techniques ("refractometry") is enhanced by having
      the student experience the effect of each lens change "through the eyes of the
      patient." A projector, positioned behind the phoropter, projects a visual acuity
      chart through the phoropter onto the far wall. "Unknown" refractive errors are
      simulated by attaching trial lenses to the lens barrel of the projector, and the
      student progressively clears the projected image as he learns the standard steps
      of subjective refractometry. The focus sensitivity of each lens change can be
      varied, if desired, by stopping down the projection system. This simulation,
      which uses equipment readily available in most ophthalmology offices, has proven
      useful for both demonstration and practice.

PMID- 4034179
TI  - A case of pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with a choroidal tuberculoma.
AB  - A 17-year-old woman was referred because of a choroidal mass, with marked
      decrease in vision, in her left eye. Her medical history was negative. However,
      preliminary examination revealed a positive skin tuberculin test (PPD) and a
      chest x-ray picture of pulmonary tuberculosis. Bronchoscopy documented the
      diagnosis. Findings of other systemic investigations were negative. Fluorescein
      angiographic findings were compatible with the clinical diagnosis of a choroidal
      tuberculoma. A regimen of antituberculous medications was started, and both the
      choroidal and the pulmonary lesions gradually subsided. To our knowledge this is
      the first reported case of nonmiliary tuberculosis that presented solely with a
      choroidal lesion.

PMID- 4034181
TI  - [Incidence of diarrhea caused by toxin-producing Clostridium difficile in
      Hungary].

PMID- 4034180
TI  - [Possibilities of exercise radioisotope ventriculography in the detection of
      ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4034182
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in childhood].

PMID- 4034183
TI  - [Characteristics of certain types of limb reduction abnormalities].

PMID- 4034184
TI  - [Lymphoid follicular hyperplasia of the small intestine].

PMID- 4034185
TI  - [Differential diagnostic difficulties in sporadic Q fever].

PMID- 4034186
TI  - [Cortical erosion of the bare area of the femoral neck in irritable hip joints of
      alcoholics].

PMID- 4034187
TI  - [Traumatic rupture of the uterus associated with pelvic fracture].

PMID- 4034188
TI  - [Immunotoxicology. Its field of research, clinical significance, practical
      results].

PMID- 4034189
TI  - [Follow-up examination of the growth of high birth-weight infants at one year of
      age].

PMID- 4034190
TI  - [Experience with the implantation of a LeVeen shunt].

PMID- 4034191
TI  - [Low serum HDL cholesterol levels in progeria].

PMID- 4034192
TI  - [Pseudoresistance to DDAVP in diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 4034193
TI  - [Viral hepatitis vaccination and related problems].

PMID- 4034194
TI  - [Attempt at estimating the incidence of juvenile non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 4034195
TI  - [Incidence of Mycoplasma hominis in men examined for infertility].

PMID- 4034196
TI  - [The so-called one-and-a-half syndrome. Significance of horizontal ocular
      movement disorders in the diagnosis of pontine processes].

PMID- 4034197
TI  - [In what respect is Duhring's dermatitis a skin disease?].

PMID- 4034198
TI  - [Significance of brain scintigraphy in the diagnosis of chronic subdural
      hematoma].

PMID- 4034199
TI  - [Intraabdominal hemorrhage as an unusual complication of liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 4034200
TI  - [Roentgen-morphometry and photon absorptiometry studies in normal subjects and
      patients with metabolic bone diseases].

PMID- 4034201
TI  - [Changes in the exocrine function of the pancreas following surgical management
      of biliary diseases].

PMID- 4034202
TI  - [Pulmonary manifestations of extrathoracic sarcoidosis without pulmonary
      roentgenologic signs].

PMID- 4034203
TI  - In liability insurance, complexities abound. Interview by Mary Uehlein.

PMID- 4034205
TI  - Public principles, private lives.

PMID- 4034204
TI  - Erosion of confidence.

PMID- 4034206
TI  - Should you invest in convertible securities?

PMID- 4034207
TI  - Hypogammaglobulinemia arthritis--case report.

PMID- 4034208
TI  - [Prognosis of birth injury-induced paralysis of the brachial plexus].

PMID- 4034209
TI  - [Esophageal pressure measurements in newborn infants within the scope of
      respiratory mechanical studies].

PMID- 4034210
TI  - [Possibilities of organ preservation in splenic rupture].

PMID- 4034211
TI  - [Immunological and clinical studies on the detection of immune reactivity in
      childhood with special reference to selected disease groups. 3. Immunologic
      studies in patients with kidney diseases].

PMID- 4034212
TI  - [Kinetic determination of exocrine arginine esterase enzyme activity in mixed
      saliva and serum of heterozygous in mucoviscidosis in comparison to controls].

PMID- 4034213
TI  - Abnormal electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes in cystic fibrosis: evidence
      for a membrane defect.

PMID- 4034214
TI  - [Mechanism of a genetically conditioned failure to thrive shown in a patient with
      ring chromosome 18].
AB  - The influence of genetic factors on growth is only partially understood. The
      assumed regulatory mechanism is an interplay of multiple genes, which are
      localized on various chromosomes. Numerical and unbalanced structural chromosome
      anomalies cause abundance or lack of genes and gene products. As a consequence
      the subtle, in their complexity hardly fully conceivable regulatory mechanisms
      for metabolism and growth of the single cells appear to be disturbed. This kind
      of model is supported by the occurrence of growth failure in most numerical and
      structural chromosome anomalies. Further evidence is the variability of the
      phenotype in cases of ringchromosome 18, which depends on the localization and
      degree of loss of chromosome material preceding ring formation: depending on the
      participation of one or several growth-regulating genes normal or impaired growth
      follows. Consequently we find some normally thrived proponents within the group
      of predominantly mal grown people with ringchromosome 18. Besides growth the
      phenotypical variability is concerned with a whole lot of body-functions and
      systems and virtually every case reported in the literature shows individual
      signs. This is also true for the patient reported in this paper, in whom we
      additionally describe the following hitherto not mentioned signs: rudimentary
      pair of first ribs, apical pulmonary hernias, submammilary dermal groove,
      hemangioma, meatal stenosis of the urethra, unilateral kidney aplasia, 6 lumber
      vertebral bodies, umbilical-, abdominal- and inguinal hernias.

PMID- 4034215
TI  - [The Schwartz-Bartter syndrome].
AB  - Nine children with Schwartz-Bartter-syndrome are described. Seven suffered from
      severe diseases of the CNS, 2 developed the syndrome during treatment with
      vincristine, the damaging action of which on the CNS is known. The main symptoms
      of the syndrome are: hyponatremia with consecutive hypotonia of the extracellular
      space caused by excessive urinary sodium loss. The plasma volume is not
      diminished. Therapeutically administered NaCl appears in the urine which is
      hyperosmolar in spite of the hypoosmolarity of the plasma. The increased
      secretion of ADH which Schwartz et al. postulated to be the cause of the syndrome
      has been confirmed in recent years. The organism attempts to excrete the
      increased fluid volume which is retained by ADH, probably by means of a
      natriuretic hormone, so-called third factor. Enhanced activity of such a factor
      was assessed in one of our cases.

PMID- 4034216
TI  - [Determination of chymotrypsin in the feces by a new photometric method].
AB  - Fecal chymotrypsin (FCT) was determined in stool specimens of healthy children
      and those with gastro-intestinal disease, by a new photometric method. The values
      are comparable with chymotrypsin concentrations found by pH-stat method. The new
      test is cheap, reliable and easy to perform. For this reasons and for the
      sensitivity of all tubeless pancreatic function tests (NBT-PABA, FDL, FCT) is
      rather low (60-70%), the FCT-test may be preferred as diagnostic marker for
      differential diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

PMID- 4034217
TI  - [Pyruvate kinase deficiency in the newborn infant].
AB  - 4 cases with haemolytic anemia associated with pyruvate kinase deficiency from 3
      different families are presented. Different clinical development during the first
      year of life is demonstrated and discussed.

PMID- 4034218
TI  - [High intracranial pressure with the spreading of the cranial sutures as a
      leading symptom of herpes simplex meningitis].
AB  - A four-year old girl developed signs of increased intracranial pressure (head
      ache, vomiting, ataxia, tremor, papilledema, cranial suture spread). Abacterial
      meningoencephalitis due to herpes virus was diagnosed, while the initially
      suspected brain tumor was ruled out. Without specific therapy the patient
      recovered completely; even the cranial suture spread disappeared. This case
      report demonstrates an unusual and more benign course of central nervous herpes
      virus infection.

PMID- 4034219
TI  - [Glycine encephalopathy: a non-ketotic disorder of glycine catabolism].
AB  - We report on a newborn with peracute glycine encephalopathy. The child exhibited
      poor feeding, incipient respiratory failure and increasing muscular hypotonia
      from the first few days of life onwards and was admitted to hospital at six weeks
      due to regression of the symptoms. Following respiratory arrest the child had to
      be placed on controlled ventilation and died at the age of four months in spite
      of therapeutic measures. Previous papers on this rare disease have described
      elevated CSF glycine levels, EEG patterns, CT scan and acoustic and visual evoked
      potentials. We have supplemented these for the first time by somatosensory evoked
      potentials. The following is an account of the clinical course and the therapy
      given.

PMID- 4034220
TI  - [Cefaclor in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children].
AB  - 61 children up to the age of 14 years with respiratory tract infections underwent
      therapy with Cefaclor. 52 patients (89%) had satisfactory results. 4 patients
      (7%) experienced prolonged signs of infection. Cefaclor was very well tolerated.
      Because of its wide spectrum of activity particularly against ampicillin
      resistant strains of H. influenzae and because of its good tolerance Cefaclor is
      very useful in treatment of respiratory tract infections in children.

PMID- 4034221
TI  - [Current therapeutic problems in the treatment of infectious diarrheal diseases
      in children].
AB  - 82 children, not older than 2 years, with enteritis are divided in two groups.
      Fluid- and electrolyte therapy is the same in both groups. In one group the usual
      antibiotic treatment was given, the other group get a combination drug: metabolic
      substances of physiologic enteric bacteria and a sulfonamide with very low
      absorption rate. The efficiency is nearly the same in both groups. In regard to
      the side effects of antibiotic therapy, it seems necessary to give preference to
      this compound drug.

PMID- 4034222
TI  - Tooth pulp-evoked potentials in the monkey: cortical surface and intracortical
      distribution.
AB  - The distribution of tooth pulp-evoked potentials (TPEPs) was characterized in the
      primary motor (MI), primary somatosensory (SI) and secondary somatosensory (SII)
      cortices of the monkey. Bipolar electrical tooth pulp stimulation elicited TPEP
      components P23 and N44 over SI, P26 and N72 over MI, and P72, N161, P280, N420,
      P561 and N662 over SII. Muscular artifacts and extradental input did not affect
      the TPEP as demonstrated by experiments using a neuromuscular blocking agent and
      removal of the pulp, respectively. The short latency TPEPs recorded over SI and
      MI were evoked by low stimulus intensities and activation of A beta nerve fibers,
      whereas the long latency TPEPs recorded over SII required higher stimulus
      intensities and the additional recruitment of A delta nerve fibers. Intracortical
      recordings revealed polarity reversals of components P23 and N44 in area 3b, P26
      and N72 in area 4, and P72, N161, P280, N420, P561 and N662 in the upper bank of
      the lateral sulcus (SII). Evidence presented in this study suggests that TPEPs
      recorded from SI and MI relate to non-nociceptive mechanisms while TPEPs recorded
      from SII relate to nociceptive mechanisms.

PMID- 4034223
TI  - Psychosocial predictors of labor pain.
AB  - The relationship between labor pain and concomitant psychological state, in terms
      of prenatal anxiety levels and post-partum mood, has been studied. A consecutive
      series of primiparae (n = 129) was assessed at intervals over the course of their
      pregnancy and after delivery. State anxiety was measured at recruitment (10-14
      weeks of pregnancy), 10 weeks, 32 weeks and at labor. Labor pain was assessed on
      the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and visual analog rating scales. Pain ratings
      on the MPQ were found to be high when compared to other clinical pain groups.
      Drug use in labor emerged as the strongest predictor of pain ratings on the MPQ
      total, sensory and affective scales, accounting for 11, 9 and 7% of the variance
      respectively. Anxiety scores at 32 weeks accounted for a further 5% of the
      variance and emerged as the best predictor of MPQ evaluative scores and visual
      analog ratings. A significant association was found between pain ratings and
      ratings of post-partum mood. Neither attendance at preparatory classes nor
      initial attitudes towards the neonate were related to pain scores.

PMID- 4034224
TI  - Success in surgery may not require cutting the tracts.
AB  - Two patients are described in whom surgical intervention was terminated prior to
      the lesioning of any pathways relevant to pain and yet the surgery relieved the
      chronic severe pain.

PMID- 4034225
TI  - Use of extraanatomical procedures in vascular surgery.

PMID- 4034226
TI  - Vascular impotence: therapeutic procedures of penile revascularization.

PMID- 4034227
TI  - Extracellular and muscle electrolytes and acid-base status in urinary diversion.

PMID- 4034228
TI  - Prolactin and TSH response to alpha-methyl-l-tyrosine in normal subjects and in
      women with pathological hyperprolactinemia.

PMID- 4034229
TI  - Vectorcardiographic abnormalities in severe obesity.

PMID- 4034230
TI  - Serum ferritin concentration in malignant lymphomas.

PMID- 4034231
TI  - Infrared and ELC thermography in the assessment of the digital rewarming curve
      after a Finger-Cooling test. A preliminary report.

PMID- 4034232
TI  - The treatment of postoperative pain with the use of semipermanent auricular
      needles.

PMID- 4034234
TI  - Effect of pre-anesthetic medications on serum lipid levels.

PMID- 4034233
TI  - Ascites with suprahepatic portal hypertension in a case of Behcet's disease.

PMID- 4034235
TI  - Haemostatic balance and thrombotic tendency after extracorporeal circulation.

PMID- 4034236
TI  - The serum antibody response of infected rats, rabbits, lambs and calves to
      Fasciola hepatica adult antigen fractions separated by preparative flatbed iso
      electrofocusing.
AB  - Electrofocusing of F. hepatica adult antigen in granulated gels separated the
      material into 22 arbitrary fractions. Polyacrylamide gel analysis demonstrated
      groups of proteins with similar iso-electric points in 19 of the fractions. A
      microplate ELISA detected antigens in all 22 fractions and was used to test the
      serum antibody response in infected rats, rabbits, lambs and calves to these
      antigen fractions. The results indicated that rat and calf sera gave a much
      stronger response than rabbit and lamb sera to the antigens which separated above
      pH 7.0. It is possible that the greater efficiency of the rat and bovine immune
      systems in combating re-infection with F. hepatica may be related to this
      response.

PMID- 4034237
TI  - Immunopathology of Schistosoma japonicum infection in athymic mice.
AB  - Athymic (nu/nu) mice and heterozygous littermate controls (nu/+) were examined 7
      and 10 weeks after infection with 10 cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum.
      Schistosome infection developed normally in both groups of mice and eggs were
      produced in normal numbers. Nu/nu mice developed small circumoval granulomas with
      minimal fibrosis while nu/+ mice developed large fibrotic granulomas. Unlike the
      mononuclear responses to S. mansoni eggs at 7 weeks, those to S. japonicum often
      were abscess like with narrow rims of liver cell necrosis or microvesicular fatty
      change. However, evolving granulomas in nu/+ mice were enriched with eosinophils,
      epithelioid macrophages, immature granulocytes and plasma cells, all scarce in
      the corresponding nu/nu lesions as were fibroblasts and collagen fibres, thus
      accounting for their smaller mean size and better healing. Our aggregate evidence
      shows that normal granuloma formation and cellularity in S. japonicum infection
      is controlled by T-cells as is the case for S. mansoni, and not by antibodies or
      immune complexes.

PMID- 4034238
TI  - Immunosuppression associated with visceral leishmaniasis of hamsters.
AB  - Immunosuppression was demonstrated during the course of Leishmania donovani
      infection of outbred and inbred hamsters. Proliferative responses of splenic
      lymphocytes to the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) and to promastigote antigens
      were used as indicators of immune responsiveness. Although splenic lymphocyte
      proliferative responses to parasite antigens were demonstrable 3 weeks after
      challenge, antigen specific lymphocyte responses diminished as the infection
      progressed. Two types of immunosuppression were demonstrable. The first was a non
      specific anergy of splenic lymphocytes to Con A stimulation. Thus, spleen cells
      from infected animals did not actively suppress the Con A responses of normal
      lymphocytes in mixed cultures A second immunosuppression mechanism, specific for
      leishmania antigens was mediated by a nylon wool non-adherent cell population.
      The suppressor, tentatively identified as a T cell population, inhibited the
      proliferation of parasite antigen sensitized responder lymphocytes in mixed
      culture. Elimination of the parasite burden by glucantime therapy restored
      responsiveness of lymphocytes to parasite antigens. Con A responses, however,
      remained suppressed 1 week after drug cure.

PMID- 4034239
TI  - A rapid chromatographic method for elimination of fungal contamination in in
      vitro cultures of Leishmania spp.
AB  - It was demonstrated that antimycotic agents are unsuitable for elimination of
      mycotic contamination in in vitro cultures of Leishmania spp. Ion-exchange
      chromatography was designed to separate the protozoan parasites from the
      contaminating yeast or fungal cells based on their surface net charges. The
      method was found to be efficient and rapid, and would also reduce bacterial
      contamination in cultures which have been exposed to both contaminants. Viability
      of the cells has been shown to be unaltered by this treatment as demonstrated by
      their ability to multiply rapidly in culture medium, as was seen in the controls.

PMID- 4034240
TI  - An ultrastructural examination of irradiated, immunizing schistosomula of
      Schistosoma mansoni during their extended stay in the lungs.
AB  - An ultrastructural study has been performed on radiation-attenuated parasites
      fixed in situ during their extended stay in the lungs. At day 7 post-infection
      all parasites were located within blood vessels. In contrast to normally
      migrating parasites, at days 13 and 21 post-infection the majority of radiation
      attenuated parasites were lying free within alveoli. As far as could be seen,
      radiation-attenuated parasites had undergone the normal developmental changes
      associated with the lung stage of migration. These included elongation of the
      body and loss of mid-body spines and the fibrous layer beneath the tegument. No
      ultrastructural evidence was found to suggest why schistosomula failed to migrate
      further and instead burst into alveoli. No parasites observed on day 7 post
      infection were associated with a host inflammatory reaction. At day 13,
      inflammation was noticeable but could have been a response as much to pulmonary
      tissue damage as to the presence of parasites. At day 21 post-infection some
      parasites were internally disrupted but were not associated with host
      inflammatory reactions and had intact tegumental surfaces - all facts consistent
      with death by autophagy. One parasite was observed at day 21 with an adherent
      neutrophil infiltrate and extensive tegumental damage. The relevance of
      persisting lung-stage parasites to the induction of resistance to challenge is
      discussed.

PMID- 4034241
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: an ultrastructural examination of skin migration in the
      hamster cheek pouch.
AB  - The hamster cheek pouch has been used to investigate the skin migration of
      schistosomula at the ultrastructural level. Parasites have been observed up to 72
      h post-infection. Despite rapidly reaching the epidermal basement membrane
      schistosomula remain in an epidermal location for at least 40 h post-infection,
      by which time the acetabular glands and their ducts have been lost and the
      transformation from cercaria to schistosomulum completed. Entry into the dermis
      and exit from the skin via the blood vessels is therefore by mechanical means or
      by lytic secretions emanating from a source other than the acetabular glands. The
      head gland which persists in the dermal schistosomula is a probable source of
      such secretions. The observations suggest that the apical area and musculature of
      the head capsule are important in gaining access to the lumen of blood vessels.

PMID- 4034242
TI  - The metabolism of xenobiotic compounds by Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda:
      Cyclophyllidea).
AB  - The hydrolytic, reductive and oxidative enzyme systems involved in the phase I
      biotransformation of xenobiotic compounds have been investigated in Hymenolepis
      diminuta. Adult H. diminuta are able to carry out a range of hydrolytic and
      reductive reactions, but in common with other helminths oxidative detoxification
      reactions were absent (oxidative demethylation, aniline hydroxylation,
      nitrobenzene hydroxylation, biphenyl hydroxylation). These oxidative reactions
      were readily demonstrated in rat liver. Extracts of H. diminuta hydrolysed
      nitrophenylphosphates and inorganic pyrophosphate, but not arylsulphates, nor
      could epoxide hydratase activity be detected. N-Deacetylase activity was present.
      However, O-deacetylase activity could not be demonstrated, although butyrate and
      palmitate, but not benzoate, esters were hydrolysed. H. diminuta was capable of
      hydrolysing a range of alpha-and beta-glycosides, but not beta-glucuronides.
      Extracts of H. diminuta reduced azo-compounds, aldehydes and disulphides, but
      ketones and aromatic nitro-compounds were not reduced. The phase I detoxification
      systems of H. diminuta differ considerably from those of its rat host; the
      results also suggest that, within the cestodes, there may be considerable species
      variation in detoxification reactions.

PMID- 4034243
TI  - Dose-dependent relationships between Nippostrongylus brasiliensis populations and
      rat food intake.
AB  - The pattern of daily food intake of well-nourished rats infected with
      Nippostrongylus brasiliensis included 2 distinct phases when food intake was much
      less than that of uninfected controls (days 0-4 and days 6-10 p.i.). These phases
      were separated by a period (days 4-6) of still reduced but relatively constant
      food intake. From day 10 p.i. food intake increased so that between days 12 and
      17 infected rats ate more than uninfected controls. In each of the phases of
      reduced food intake there was a threshold dose above which food intake was
      further decreased as dose increased. In contrast to the obvious relationship
      between food intake and dose, food intake could not easily be related to the size
      of the adult Nippostrongylus population, as judged by egg and worm counts. The
      relationship appears to be complicated by host variability in susceptibility to
      infection and to the pathological effects of infection. Effects of N.
      brasiliensis on the daily pattern of food intake can be explained with respect to
      stages in the development of the parasite and host responses directed against the
      adult worms.

PMID- 4034244
TI  - The effect of host density on the establishment and fecundity of Heligmosomoides
      polygyrus.
AB  - The effect of mouse population density on the establishment, survival and
      fecundity of single cohorts of Heligmosomoides polygyrus was investigated. No
      significant relationship was found between host population density and the worm
      burden at post mortem. But, lower host population densities were associated with
      higher parasite fecundities and with higher overall mean daily faecal output. The
      results might be explained by a decrease in male hormone secretion or digestive
      disturbances associated with lower ingesta in the higher host population
      densities. Effects resulting from changes in immunological responses might also
      exist.

PMID- 4034245
TI  - Morphological effects of arprinocid on developmental stages of Eimeria tenella
      and E. brunetti.
AB  - Medication of chicks with 70 p.p.m. arprinocid in the food, starting 2 days prior
      to inoculation with Eimeria tenella, resulted in decreased oocyst production and
      oocyst sporulation. The main morphological alteration seen during the development
      of the second-generation schizont was a reduction in the number of second
      generation merozoites due to incomplete merogony, resulting in large masses of
      vacuolated residual cytoplasm. In places around the developing macrogamete the
      integrity of the parasitophorous vacuole was lost by either the host cell
      limiting membrane making contact with the parasite pellicle, or the disruption of
      one or both of these surfaces apparently brought about by the intervention of the
      host cell mitochondria. Thirty p.p.m. arprinocid reduced sporulation of the
      oocysts of E. brunetti and caused enlargement of the perinuclear space in the
      late merozoites and swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum around wall-forming
      bodies II.

PMID- 4034246
TI  - Pathogenicity of the coccidium Eimeria crandallis in laboratory lambs.
AB  - Ten colostrum-deprived, coccidia-free lambs were reared artificially in indoor
      cages. At 4 weeks of age they were allocated to 5 groups of 2: Groups 1-3
      received 10(4), 10(5) and 10(6) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria crandallis/lamb
      respectively, each as a single inoculum. Group 4 lambs received daily doses
      increasing over a 4-week period. Groups 1-3 showed diarrhoea and weight loss from
      about day 14, followed by slow recovery from about day 30. The diarrhoea was
      accompanied by a wave of oocyst output and a reduction in serum albumin and
      plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. One lamb in group 4 died of an unrelated
      condition on day 15; the other showed no clinical effect of the oocyst
      inoculations and its oocyst output was related only to the first week or two of
      inoculation. Lambs in Group 1 showed no clinical effect or oocyst output
      following challenge with 10(6) oocysts on day 28. E. crandallis showed high
      pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Its pathogenicity was not closely related to
      infecting dose within the range 10(4)-10(6).

PMID- 4034247
TI  - Suppression of Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei infection rates in
      tsetse flies maintained on goats immunized with uncoated forms of trypanosomes
      grown in vitro.
AB  - Significant suppression in the incidence of cyclical development of Trypanosoma
      congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei occurred in Glossina morsitans centralis
      maintained on goats immunized with in vitro-propagated uncoated forms of T.
      congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei, respectively. This was observed when tsetse
      given a T. congolense-infected feed were subsequently maintained on uninfected
      immunized goats and also when uninfected tsetse were fed on immunized goats
      infected with T. congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei. Suppression of infection
      rates in tsetse was trypanosome species specific, but was independent of the
      trypanosome stock used for immunization of goats. These findings were reflected
      in antibody responses to uncoated trypanosomes, as measured by immunofluorescence
      and the solid-phase immunoradiometric binding assay. Thus, antibody from goats
      immunized with uncoated trypanosomes of one species exhibited minimal reactivity
      with uncoated forms of other species of trypanosomes, but showed high levels of
      activity with uncoated forms of the same or unrelated stocks of the same species.
      However, in view of the range of hosts upon which tsetse feed, it is open to
      question whether the use of a vaccine which suppresses trypanosome infection
      rates in tsetse would have any significant effect in the field.

PMID- 4034248
TI  - Changes in the surface antigen profile of Schistosoma mansoni during maturation
      from cercaria to adult worm.
AB  - Antigenic proteins on the surfaces of different developmental stages of
      Schistosoma mansoni were radio-iodinated by the Iodogen-catalysed method and
      identified by immunoprecipitation with a panel of antisera. The sera comprised
      specific immune serum from mice harbouring a chronic schistosome infection or
      vaccinated with gamma-irradiated cercariae; serum from rabbits immunized with
      adult schistosome tegumental outer membranes or a partially purified Mr 32 K
      glycoprotein from adult worm membranes; and a monoclonal antibody recognizing an
      Mr 20 K antigen on the surface of schistosomula. The Mr 38-32 K glycoproteins
      were the major antigens identified in surface-labelled cercariae and their
      probable association with the glycocalyx is discussed. Schistosomula transformed
      from cercariae either mechanically or by penetration of host skin in vitro,
      expressed a similar pattern of surface antigens to that identified for cercariae,
      but low molecular weight antigens of Mr 20, 17 and 15 K were also detected. The
      Mr 38-32 K glycoproteins, although present on newly transformed schistosomula,
      were progressively replaced with time, by a single dominant glycoprotein (Mr 32
      K) expressing identical epitopes to those on the Mr 38-32 K complex. Moreover,
      the data confirm that the Mr 32 K glycoprotein persists on the tegument after in
      vivo maturation and is conserved, together with Mr 20 and 15 K antigens, through
      to the adult stage. New antigens (Mr 97 and 25 K) were also detected during in
      vivo maturation and were present in late-stage schistosomes recovered from
      infected hosts. In addition, the enzyme alkaline phosphatase is expressed on the
      surfaces of 3-week-old liver worms as a dominant antigen (Mr 65 K); this feature
      may be related to nutritional and/or physiological processes in the tegument of
      this metabolically active stage of development.

PMID- 4034249
TI  - [Effect of hyperlipoproteinemia on the Ca2+ content in subcellular fractions of
      the myocardium].

PMID- 4034250
TI  - [Effectiveness of the combined use of antioxidants and nucleic acid precursors in
      experimental myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4034251
TI  - [Level of lipolysis and the contractile function of the intact myocardium].

PMID- 4034252
TI  - [Myocardial metabolism in experimental uremia].

PMID- 4034253
TI  - [The human problem in philosophy and medicine and the ideological struggle].

PMID- 4034254
TI  - [Mechanism of different degrees of resistance of the heart and kidneys to the
      action of thermal ischemia].

PMID- 4034255
TI  - [Functional importance of the right atrial terminal crest in damage to the
      sinoatrial node].

PMID- 4034256
TI  - [Electrocardiographic changes during the modelling of Lutembacher's syndrome].

PMID- 4034257
TI  - [Characteristics of the ventilatory function and x-ray picture of the lungs in
      progressive bronchial obstruction].

PMID- 4034258
TI  - [Pathogenetic aspects of papain-induced pulmonary emphysema in rabbits].

PMID- 4034259
TI  - [Effect of vagotomy on the epitheliocytes of the pyloric and duodenal glands].

PMID- 4034260
TI  - [Role of intrauterine hypoxia in the occurrence of neurotic states in the
      developing rat].

PMID- 4034261
TI  - [Effect of the separate and combined use of fentanyl and droperidol on animal
      sensitivity to hypoxia].

PMID- 4034262
TI  - The borderline hypertensive rat (BHR): a new model for the study of environmental
      factors in the development of hypertension.
AB  - While many studies have attempted to produce hypertension through the use of
      various environmental stressors, few have succeeded in producing chronic
      elevations in blood pressure beyond levels considered to be borderline
      hypertensive (140-160 mm Hg systolic). The problem with most studies stems from
      the use of genetically normotensive animals and the selection of stressors to
      which animals readily adapt. A new approach is suggested, which recognizes the
      role of genetics in human essential hypertension. Animals with one hypertensive
      parent do not develop spontaneous hypertension but show a more sensitive
      cardiovascular response to environmental stressors than animals with normotensive
      parents. Preliminary studies revealed that animals with a mixed genetic history
      of hypertension develop spontaneous borderline hypertension. When subjected to
      shock-shock conflict, these borderline hypertensive rats (BHR) developed
      permanent hypertension that failed to abate even after a ten-week, shock-free
      recovery period. The hypertension was accompanied by elevated heart weight to
      body weight ratios and by significant cardiac pathology. Subsequent work has
      demonstrated that these animals also become hypertensive when fed a high-sodium
      diet. Finally, in a series of exercise studies, we found that BHRs subjected to a
      shock stressor were protected against stress-induced hypertension if they
      exercised daily. The potential of this model for studies of the mechanisms by
      which environmental variables produce permanent hypertension is discussed.

PMID- 4034263
TI  - Intracerebral scopolamine administration attenuates Pavlovian heart rate
      conditioning in the rabbit.
AB  - Scopolamine hydrobromide was injected into the septum, dorsal hippocampus, or
      lateral ventricles of conscious rabbits via bilateral chronic indwelling
      cannulas. The cardiac orienting reflex (OR) and heart rate (HR) classical
      conditioning were assessed. A fourth group of animals received injections of the
      vehicle solution into these same brain areas and were otherwise similarly
      trained. Scopolamine had no effect on the cardiac OR produced by unreinforced
      tone stimuli. The OR consisted of pronounced bradycardia that habituated over
      successive trials in all groups. The HR change during classical conditioning also
      consisted of bradycardia. However, these conditional HR changes were attenuated
      by scopolamine injected into the septum and lateral ventricles, but were not
      affected by injections into the dorsal hippocampus. These results suggest that
      centrally applied scopolamine may affect a central nervous system associative
      process, and not a mechanism directly involved in primary bradycardia.

PMID- 4034264
TI  - Contextual stimulus control of conditional vasomotor and electrodermal reactions
      to angry and friendly faces. Transswitching--yes! Preparedness--No!
AB  - An experiment with 42 human Ss used the transswitching procedure to examine tonic
      stimulus control of phasic and tonic conditioned vasomotor heart rate, and
      electrodermal reactions. The conditional stimulus (CSs) were photos of angry and
      friendly human faces, and the unconditional stimulus (US) was a human scream. In
      one tonic context (blue light), the CSs were paired with the US, in the other
      context (yellow light), the CSs were presented unpaired. Following acquisition,
      an extinction series was run with the US omitted during both tonic contexts.
      Phasic vasomotor and skin conductance reactions differed in the positive and
      negative tonic segments (stronger in positive). The skin conductance responses
      also differed during extinction, but the vasomotor responses did not. Tonic
      differences (following onset of the tonic stimuli) in unelicited skin conductance
      response frequency, finger pulse volume, and heart rate were also found, although
      these developed more slowly than the phasic differences. The finger pulse volume
      tonic difference was greater in extinction than the skin conductance response
      frequency. There was no effect of the angry-friendly facial expressions, either
      directly or in interaction with the transswitching effects. The results were
      interpreted to mean that the transswitching phenomenon is not limited to one
      another autonomic effector, but is more generalized across the ANS (sympathetic
      branch). The absence of influence of the facial expressions indicates the
      relative weakness of the "preparedness" hypothesis in comparison with more
      influential contextual factors.

PMID- 4034265
TI  - A functional analysis of social reinforcement in vicarious verbal conditioning.
AB  - This article reports the results of 629 subjects in three experiments designed to
      replicate and extend the phenomenon of vicarious verbal conditioning. Experiment
      I replicated the finding that subjects who responded most to vicarious verbal
      conditioning were aware of the contingency involved. Experiment II attempted to
      examine the effects of prior history with the verbal reinforcer on vicarious
      verbal conditioning by providing seven groups of subjects with varying classic
      conditioning histories prior to vicarious verbal conditioning. The null results
      associated with this experiment were hypothesized to be due to the fact that the
      vicarious verbal conditioning took place in a language laboratory where the
      subjects could hear but not see the model. Experiment III replicated Experiment
      II in a live group context as was done in Experiment I. The results showed that
      vicarious verbal conditioning was again found to take place, that associating the
      verbal reinforcer with a tone or tone plus money via forward classic conditioning
      potentiated the effects of the verbal reinforcer, that backward classic
      conditioning did not potentiate the reinforcer, d) nor did either of two
      sensitization procedures potentiate the effects of the verbal reinforcer. Both
      aware and unaware subjects evidenced vicarious verbal conditioning.

PMID- 4034266
TI  - Stress and child health: an overview.

PMID- 4034268
TI  - Social support and vulnerability to stress: a pediatric perspective.

PMID- 4034267
TI  - Stress, coping and children's health.

PMID- 4034269
TI  - Psychological distress and children's use of health services.

PMID- 4034270
TI  - Biological mechanisms in the relationship of stress to illness.

PMID- 4034271
TI  - Symposium on pediatric surgery.

PMID- 4034272
TI  - Trauma in infancy and childhood: initial evaluation and management.
AB  - Successful management of the critically injured multiple trauma patient
      frequently depends on the expertise of the first physician contracted. Thus, this
      article outlines a systematic approach to the assessment and resuscitation of
      pediatric trauma victims.

PMID- 4034273
TI  - Radiographic-endoscopic correlations in the examination of airway disease in
      children.
AB  - The results of radiographic examinations and flexible fiberoptic endoscopy (FFE)
      of the airways were correlated in 100 pediatric patients. For the diagnosis of
      laryngomalacia, tracheal stenosis and tracheal granulomas. FFE proved to be more
      accurate than radiography. In epiglottitis and croup, the two methods were
      comparable. In bronchial and resulting parenchymal disease, the chest films
      served as the endoscopist's guide because the consequences of bronchial
      obstruction manifested rapidly on chest roentgenograms. FFE was particularly
      useful when the chest films did not reveal or lateralize a clinically suspected
      foreign body. FFE was not error-free; in a small number of cases, radiologic
      methods provided critical diagnoses, which were not arrived at by endoscopy.

PMID- 4034274
TI  - Chest radiographs of near-drowned children.
AB  - From 1972 through 1983 there were 10 near-drowned children (7 boys and 3 girls)
      aged 1 to 4 years, treated as inpatients at the Children's Hospital of the
      Medical Academy Dresden. Three of them showed a severe aspiration pneumonia which
      in one case was complicated by bilateral pneumothoraces. In a further five
      children there were radiological signs of pulmonary oedema. Only in two children
      were the X-ray pictures of the chest normal.

PMID- 4034275
TI  - Derangement of swallowing in children with myelomeningocele.
AB  - Barium esophagrams performed in 13 children with myelomeningocele demonstrated a
      variety of swallowing disorders: difficulty in bolus formation, nasopharyngeal
      reflux, tracheobronchial aspiration. Cricopharyngeal spasm was not identified in
      this group. Antegrade peristalsis in the distal two-thirds of the esophagus was
      normal. Gastroesophageal reflux was demonstrated in 8 of the children. Vocal cord
      paralysis (8/13) and death in early children (7/13) occurred with greater
      frequency than in the general myelomeningocele population. Correct management of
      these children may require tracheostomy, gastrostomy, and fundoplication.

PMID- 4034276
TI  - The nuclear magnetic resonance appearances of neuroblastoma.
AB  - In addition to being a non-ionising method of imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance
      has the ability to demonstrate the body organ using different radio pulse
      sequences in order to highlight different tissues. Neuroblastomas are best
      demonstrated using proton spin lattice relaxation time (T1) weighted images such
      as inversion recovery or calculated T1, rather than proton density. The ability
      to produce sections in the sagittal and coronal as well as the axial plane allows
      for accurate tumour localisation and management planning. The appearances of
      primary neuroblastoma and metastatic spread to bone are described in three cases
      of neuroblastoma.

PMID- 4034277
TI  - Intracranial teratoma associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum.
AB  - Several intracranial tumors are known to occur in conjunction with agenesis of
      the corpus callosum. We report the occurrence of a teratoma with callosal
      agenesis, an association not previously described, and suggest that the tumor's
      ventral location may serve to differentiate it from other lesions.

PMID- 4034279
TI  - Dystrophic calcification in obliterated umbilical artery.
AB  - Evidence is presented that calcification may occur within the horizontal pelvic
      portion of the obliterated umbilical artery and that the finding may be visible
      on abdominal radiographs.

PMID- 4034278
TI  - Pulmonary sequestration with congenital gastroesophageal communication. Report of
      two cases.
AB  - Two children with pulmonary sequestration and gastroesophageal connections are
      described. Barium studies demonstrated the site of the connection and angiography
      showed the vascular connections enabling successful surgery to the performed.

PMID- 4034280
TI  - Premature sternal fusion in gonadal dysgenesis with coarctation.
AB  - Gonadal dysgenesis and coarctation of the aorta were found in four patients to be
      associated with premature sternal fusion but possible etiologic relationship to
      shield chest deformity in suggested.

PMID- 4034281
TI  - Uses of the case-control and cohort epidemiological approaches in pediatric
      practice and research.
AB  - Increasing reliance is being placed on the use of quantitative epidemiological
      methods in the conduct and evaluation of pediatric research. The basic design
      features of two common types of observational studies, the case-control study and
      the cohort study, are reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of these two study
      designs are discussed with emphasis on aspects such as the selection of
      comparison groups, avoiding selection and recall bias, gathering exposure
      information, controlling for potentially confounding factors, and methods of
      analysis. Appreciation of the salient features of these study design approaches
      should aid the clinician/researcher in the conduct of research endeavors as well
      as in critically reviewing the medical literature.

PMID- 4034282
TI  - Effect of dietary calcium on metabolic balance of normal infants.
AB  - Metabolic balance studies were performed with six normal infants fed in a
      balanced cross-over design three formulas differing only in calcium
      concentration: 389, 659, and 1024 mg/liter. Absorption of phosphorus was
      significantly affected by increasing calcium intake decreasing from 68 to 63 to
      52% of intake. However, since urinary excretion of phosphorus also decreased,
      there was no significant effect on retention of phosphorus. Absorption of fat was
      slightly (but significantly) depressed by calcium, decreasing from 97.5 to 95.5
      to 92.1% as calcium intake increased. The level of dietary calcium had no
      significant effect on absorption or retention of nitrogen, magnesium, copper, and
      zinc. One of the subjects had consistently lower absorption of calcium and fat
      than the other subjects, suggesting an absorptive defect. The decrease in
      fractional absorption of calcium (57 to 47 to 39% of intake) with increasing
      intake of calcium is compatible with adaptive regulation. On the other hand, the
      observation that absorbed calcium (mg/kg/day) was linearly related to intake of
      calcium with a slope of 0.373 suggests an alternative explanation: constant
      passive, concentration-dependent (slope), and constant active (y-intercept)
      transport of calcium over the range of calcium intakes. Thus, the findings are
      explainable in more than one way and do not necessarily demonstrate regulatory
      changes.

PMID- 4034283
TI  - Electrodermal potential and conductance measurements clinically discriminate
      between cystic fibrosis and control patients.
AB  - To evaluate the adaptation of electrodermal techniques for cystic fibrosis
      screening, skin surface bioelectric measurements were recorded from 37
      established cystic fibrosis patients, 45 asthmatic patients, and 10 normal
      controls, ranging in age from 6 to 22 yr. Six skin potential and six skin
      conductance measures of sweat gland activity without the collection of sweat
      distinguished between the cystic fibrosis, normal, and asthmatic groups (F ratios
      greater than 10.0; p less than 0.0001). Discriminant analysis using the two best
      electrodermal measures (the mean of five preresponse potential levels and the
      mean of five preresponse conductance levels for each subject) to assign
      experimental group membership matched actual group membership with 92.7%
      accuracy. We believe these results warrant further investigation of electrodermal
      procedures as a direct, simple, yet noninvasive means of screening for cystic
      fibrosis.

PMID- 4034284
TI  - The responses of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes to hyperoxia in developing
      lung.
AB  - Total glutathione levels and the activity of enzymes associated with antioxidant
      protection in neonatal lung are increased in response to hyperoxia. Glutathione
      levels in developing rat lung decreased from 24 nmol/mg protein on day 19 of
      gestation to approximately 12 nmol/mg protein at birth. The initial decrease in
      glutathione may be due to emergence of other antioxidant systems. Newborn rats
      placed in 100% oxygen showed a rapid and sustained increase in total glutathione
      levels which was primarily due to an increase in reduced glutathione. Explants
      obtained from 16-wk gestation human fetal lung or from 17- to 18-day fetal rat
      lung also showed increased total and reduced glutathione when cultured in 95%
      oxygen, 5% CO2 as compared with explants cultured in room air. Type II cells
      isolated from neonatal rats maintained in oxygen for 6 days also showed
      glutathione levels twice those found in cells isolated from animals in room air.
      The activity of antioxidant enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,
      glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) was increased in lungs of newborn
      rats exposed to 100% oxygen either at birth or 2 days of age. Antioxidant enzyme
      activity of lung explants cultured in 95% oxygen, 5% CO2 was also higher than in
      explants maintained in room air. These results suggest that the increases in
      glutathione and of antioxidant enzymes in vivo and in vitro are a direct effect
      of oxygen exposure in lung and that the increase of both glutathione and
      antioxidant enzyme activity is intrinsic to the lung cell itself. It is likely
      that increases in glutathione in lung represent an important protective mechanism
      against oxidant injury.

PMID- 4034285
TI  - Effect of supernatants from nephrotic peripheral blood mononuclear cells on
      35sulfate incorporation in rat glomerular basement membrane.
AB  - In previous research, we showed that when peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      (PBMC) from patients with idiopathic minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome (IMLNS) in
      relapse were cocultured with rat glomeruli, there was an increased glomerular
      basement membrane (GBM) uptake of 35sulfate. This study was done to determine
      whether the increased uptake was due to substances secreted into the nephrotic
      PBMC culture supernatants. 35sulfate uptake in rat GBM was significantly higher
      when glomeruli were cocultured with PBMC from 12 IMLNS patients in relapse
      (geometric mean [GM] = 513 cpm/mg) than when simultaneous assays were done using
      either PBMC from eight control subjects (GM = 158) (p less than 0.05) or
      glomeruli incubated without PBMC (GM = 275 cpm/mg) (p less than 0.01). 35sulfate
      uptake did not increase when glomeruli were cocultured with PBMCs from 11 MLNS
      patients in remission. Rat GBM 35sulfate uptake was significantly higher when
      glomeruli were incubated in the supernatants of the PBMC cultures from 16 IMLNS
      patients in relapse (GM = 234 cpm/mg) than it was when glomeruli were cultured in
      the supernatants from normal control PBMC (GM = 141 cpm/mg; p less than 0.002) or
      from glomeruli cultured alone (GM = 141 cpm/mg) (p less than 0.04). Supernatants
      from PBMC cultures of 11 IMLNS patients in remission did not increase rat GBM
      35sulfate uptake. These data suggest that PBMC from IMLNS patients in relapse
      secrete a factor(s) released into supernatants that increases the 35sulfate rat
      GBM uptake. Since sulfated compounds in the GBM play a role in glomerular
      permeability, this finding may have pathogenic significance.

PMID- 4034286
TI  - Metabolic quotients of the gravid uterus of the chronically catheterized guinea
      pig.
AB  - The uptake of substrates by the pregnant uterus defines the "diet" of the uterus
      and conceptus. In order to determine the uterine substrate uptake, catheters were
      placed in the femoral artery and uterine veins of guinea pigs at 40-49 days
      gestation. After at least 2 days recovery from perioperative stress, systemic
      arterial and uterine venous concentrations of oxygen, glucose, lactate,
      acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetate, and free fatty acids were measured
      and metabolic quotients were calculated. The glucose/O2 quotient was 1.22 +/-
      0.07 (mean +/- SEM), the lactate/O2 quotient was -0.40 +/- 0.09, the
      acetoacetate/O2 quotient was 0.03 +/- 0.02, the beta-hydroxybutyrate/O2 quotient
      was 0.01 +/- 0.006, the acetate/O2 quotient was 0.03 +/- 0.01, and the free fatty
      acid/O2 quotient was 0.24 +/- 0.21. Among the substrates measured, glucose
      appears to be the major metabolic fuel of the pregnant guinea pig uterus, but
      does not account for all of the oxygen consumed by the uterus if adjusted for
      lactate production, since lactate is produced within the gravid uterus in large
      quantities. Acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate are utilized in negligible
      amounts.

PMID- 4034287
TI  - Relation of age, race, and allotype to immunoglobulin subclass concentrations.
AB  - Concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, and total IgG were measured by a solid phase
      radioimmunoassay in sera from 36 healthy adults and 114 healthy children. As
      expected, IgG2 and total IgG had a positive correlation with age in children. In
      addition to age, several other factors were associated with significant
      differences in serum subclass concentrations. Female children had higher
      concentrations of IgG1 than males, and black subjects had significantly higher
      concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, and total IgG than whites. Although Km(1) and
      Gm(23) immunoglobulin allotypes had no relation to subclass concentrations when
      tested as single factors, the Km(1) allotype interacted significantly with race
      so that Km(1)-positive black children had higher IgG2 concentrations than other
      subjects. Our findings may explain, in part, recent observations of an
      association of the Km(1) allotype with altered immune responses of blacks to
      certain vaccines containing bacterial polysaccharides. In addition, our data
      indicate the need to control factors such as sex, race, and allotype in studies
      of subclass concentrations or immune responses.

PMID- 4034288
TI  - Role of dietary protein adaptation at weaning in the development of the rat
      gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - To evaluate the role of the quantitative adaptation in dietary protein at weaning
      in the growth and maturation of the rat gastrointestinal tract, we studied
      parameters of tissue mass, DNA synthesis, and enzyme activities in suckling pups
      weaned by day 17 to a semipurified synthetic, isocaloric diet that contained
      either 8 or 27% casein (controls). Rats of both groups were studied on days 21,
      28, and 35 postpartum. On day 21, protein restriction had little effect on mean
      body weight, wet stomach and liver weight, gut length and colonic, jejunal or
      ileal mucosal weights per centimeter, whereas on day 35, all these tissue mass
      parameters were significantly (p less than 0.01 versus controls) depressed in the
      8% protein group. DNA and protein content expressed per intestinal segment or per
      total organ and the protein/DNA ratio paralleled the changes in tissue mass,
      except that total DNA of the small intestine was decreased by 33% (p less than
      0.01 versus controls) in 21-day-old rats with protein restriction. In the same
      age group, DNA synthesis rate, measured by the incorporation rate of [3H]
      thymidine per milligram tissue DNA, was markedly depressed in the small intestine
      (4-fold decrease; p less than 0.001 versus controls) and in the liver (2-fold
      decrease; p less than 0.05 versus controls) while in the colon the effect of
      protein restriction occurred later (day 35).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4034289
TI  - Differential toxicity of RCAII (ricin) on rabbit intestinal epithelium in
      relation to postnatal maturation.
AB  - The purpose of this work was to assess the toxic lectin ricin (RCAII) as a probe
      for the study of intestinal permeability in the developing small bowel. Jejunal
      explants from suckling and adult rabbits were exposed to varying dosages of RCAII
      for 30 min at 25 degrees C and then cultured in toxin-free medium. The RCAII dose
      required to inhibit protein synthesis during 6 h of culture increased from 0.1
      microgram/ml in 4-day-old rabbits to 25 micrograms/ml in weanling rabbits. RCAII
      cytotoxicity was almost completely blocked by 0.1 M lactulose in all age groups.
      The kinetics of 125I-RCAII binding to purified microvillus membranes were
      determined by incubating a fixed concentration of membrane protein (30
      micrograms) with increasing concentrations of labeled lectin (2-18
      micrograms/ml). Binding attained saturation with adult but not with suckling
      animal membranes. The latter yielded a curvilinear relationship in Scatchard
      plots, suggesting either several classes of binding sites or negative
      cooperativity. RCAII binding was confined to the delipidated fraction of the
      membranes and decreased by 42% from 6 days old to adult age. The extreme
      sensitivity of colostral epithelium to RCAII is probably related to the high
      level of endocytosis exhibited by the immature membrane of suckling rabbits. The
      development of increasing resistance to the toxin, and associated decrease in
      binding, might be related to disappearance of saccharide sites in productive
      surface receptors occurring in the developmental course of intestinal
      glycosylation.

PMID- 4034290
TI  - The analysis of human sweat proteins by isoelectric focusing. I. Sweat collection
      utilizing the macroduct system demonstrates the presence of previously
      unrecognized sex-related proteins.
AB  - The presence of high concentrations of sodium in the sweat of patients with
      cystic fibrosis is widely accepted by all investigators as one of the most
      important manifestations of the genetic defect. However, the simple means of
      sweat collection utilized for diagnostic purposes has been extended to the
      biochemical and physical analysis of the macromolecular components of human
      sweat. The most popular technique for the attainment of sweat has been collection
      of sweat droplets from the skin surface following heat stimulation. In this
      report, it is demonstrated that a far superior means of sweat collection exists
      based on a new collection device called the MACRODUCT. Utilizing this device, in
      conjunction with thin-layer isoelectric focusing, demonstrated that human sweat
      contains sex-specific proteins expressed in adult males and absent or greatly
      decreased from females and prepubertal males. Additionally, results are presented
      which suggest that the presence of epidermal keratins are an excellent marker for
      sweat contaminated with nonsweat gland-derived macromolecules.

PMID- 4034291
TI  - [Participation of a physician in the cooperation between a sick child and his
      family during treatment of neoplastic blood disease].

PMID- 4034292
TI  - [Acute autoimmune hemolytic anemia with warm antibodies in an infant].

PMID- 4034293
TI  - [Chromosome aberrations in Fanconi's aplastic anemia].

PMID- 4034294
TI  - Episodes of apnea and bradycardia in the preterm newborn: impact on cerebral
      circulation.
AB  - The effect of episodes of apnea with bradycardia on cerebral circulation was
      studied during 101 episodes in 15 premature infants. The objectives of the study
      were to determine whether important alterations occur in cerebral hemodynamics
      with apnea and bradycardia and whether such alterations relate to systemic
      hemodynamic events. The transcutaneous Doppler technique was used to measure
      blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral arteries. With episodes of apnea
      complicated by mild-to-moderate bradycardia (heart rate less than 120 or greater
      than 80), a decrease in diastolic flow velocity was noted with little or no
      change in systolic flow velocity. With episodes complicated by severe bradycardia
      (heart rate less than 80), the diastolic flow velocity fell to the electronic
      base line, and a progressive decrease in systolic flow velocity also was
      observed. Accompanying the changes in cerebral blood flow velocity were similar
      changes in arterial blood pressure. These data suggest potential deleterious
      hypoxic-ischemic effects on brain from apnea with severe bradycardia in the
      preterm infant.

PMID- 4034295
TI  - Relationship of serum bilirubin levels to ototoxicity and deafness in high-risk
      low-birth-weight infants.
AB  - During a 4-year period, 12 premature infants, all less than 34 weeks of gestation
      and all with a bilirubin level above 240 mumol/L (14 mg/dL) were determined to
      have bilateral sensorineural deafness. In order to to investigate how far the
      hyperbilirubinemia or any a associated factor might have been a causative factor,
      all infants of 34 weeks of gestation or less who had a serum bilirubin level
      above 240 mumol/L were investigated. For a period of 4 years, 99 infants meeting
      these criteria were classified as high risk or low risk on the basis of perinatal
      risk factors. Eight of the 22 high-risk infants with birth weight less than 1,500
      g, but only two of 43 high-risk infants with birth weight greater than 1,500 g
      were deaf (P less than .05). The deaf infants were also matched with infants of
      normal hearing who had similar bilirubin levels and the same number of adverse
      perinatal factors. The mean duration of hyperbilirubinemia was significantly
      longer in the deaf infants (P less than .02), and they appeared to have a greater
      number of acidotic episodes while they were hyperbilirubinemic. These findings
      suggest that in healthy preterm infants with birth weight greater than 1,500 g,
      high bilirubin levels carry little risk, whereas a serum bilirubin level greater
      than 240 mumol/L in high-risk preterm infants with birth weight of 1,500 g or
      less is associated with a high risk of deafness.

PMID- 4034296
TI  - Subcutaneous versus intramuscular growth hormone therapy: growth and acute
      somatomedin response.
AB  - To determine the optimal route of growth hormone administration, a comparison was
      made of the acute somatomedin response and chronic growth response to either
      intramuscular or subcutaneous growth hormone in 20 children with growth hormone
      deficiency. None of the children had received growth hormone for at least 2 weeks
      prior to their random selection to receive growth hormone by either the
      subcutaneous (N = 11) or intramuscular (N = 9) route. Plasma samples for
      determination of levels of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF
      II) were obtained prior to therapy and 20 hours after the first and fourth of
      four daily injections of growth hormone. Growth rate and growth hormone antibody
      levels were determined before and after 6 months of therapy. IGF-I levels tripled
      in both treatment groups after four days of growth hormone injections, whereas
      IGF-II levels nearly doubled, with no significant difference between the
      intramuscular or subcutaneous group. After 6 months of therapy, there was no
      significant difference in growth rate and only two patients had developed growth
      hormone antibodies. Both patients and parents expressed a preference for the
      subcutaneous method. The identical rises in the IGF-I and IGF-II levels following
      a brief course of either subcutaneous or intramuscular injections of growth
      hormone, the similar growth rates, the low incidence of antibody development, and
      the preference for the subcutaneous route all suggest that the subcutaneous route
      is the method of choice for chronic growth hormone therapy.

PMID- 4034297
TI  - Subsequent pregnancy in mothers of infants with congenital heart disease.
AB  - Pregnancy rates for mothers of infants with conotruncal cardiac malformations and
      mothers of healthy control infants were compared for a 3-year period. Mothers of
      infants who died of congenital heart disease had the highest pregnancy rates,
      followed by control mothers, and then by mothers of surviving infants with
      congenital heart disease. Comparison in relation to the number of living children
      showed similar subsequent pregnancy rates for mothers of deceased infants with
      congenital heart disease and mothers of control infants, but lower rates for
      mothers of surviving infants with congenital heart disease. "Replacement" of a
      deceased infant occurs frequently, apparently in order to achieve a desired
      family size, whereas decreased reproduction in families of living infants with
      congenital heart disease may reflect the psychosocial and economic impact of the
      continuing care of a child with severe heart disease.

PMID- 4034298
TI  - Demographic analysis of childhood pedestrian injuries.
AB  - Factors in a child's living environment and socioeconomic background that
      contribute to the risk of pedestrian injury were studied. In 1982, in the city of
      Memphis, there were 210 pedestrian injuries among children aged 0 to 14 years, a
      rate of 138/100,000 children. The injured child was most often male, with mean
      age of 7.3 years; the child was usually struck while crossing the street between
      intersections, most commonly during the hours from 2 to 7 PM. Pedestrian injuries
      occurred in 81 of the 142 census tracts in the city. Compared with census tracts
      without reported injuries, these tracts had twice the percentage of nonwhite
      population, lower household incomes, more children living in female-headed
      households, more families living below the poverty level, and greater household
      crowding (all differences significant at P less than .01). The single variable of
      crowded housing per acre best predicted the number of injuries per acre in
      multiple regression analysis. A group of children who are at high risk of
      pedestrian injury through increased exposure in the environment was identified.
      As with many other types of injuries, modification of external factors--in this
      case, traffic engineering modifications--seems to be the most practical solution.

PMID- 4034299
TI  - Motor vehicle accident trauma and restraint usage patterns in children less than
      4 years of age.
AB  - In a sample of children less than 4 years of age, treated in an emergency room
      after a motor vehicle accident, 22% were restrained in a child safety seat
      (improper and proper), 12% were restrained by a vehicle seat belt, and 70% were
      unrestrained. Trauma and injury patterns related to the various restraint use
      patterns are described. Most children in safety seats and seat-belted children,
      if injured, sustained minor contusions, abrasions, or lacerations. Injury among
      properly restrained children in safety seats was primarily the result of
      unavoidable mechanisms (eg, flying glass, intrusion). Improper use contributed to
      injury among safety-seat-restrained children, primarily by allowing the child to
      hit against the vehicle interior. Seat-belted children also were injured,
      primarily by hitting against the vehicle interior. Although some of the
      restrained children were seriously injured, in general, restrained children
      tended to sustain less serious and fewer injuries than the unrestrained children.

PMID- 4034300
TI  - Increased risk of gastrointestinal perforations in neonates mechanically
      ventilated with either face mask or nasal prongs.
AB  - Twenty cases of gastrointestinal perforations not associated with necrotizing
      enterocolitis or a bowel obstruction (GPNN) were reviewed. Fifteen infants
      suffered perforations during cycle ventilation. Perforations were localized in
      the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and jejunum. To determine if the type of mechanical
      ventilation used (ie, face mask, nasal prongs, or endotracheal tube) was
      associated with GPNN, a matched case-control analysis was performed. Case and
      control infants were matched by means of Apgar scores, gestational age, and
      length of time on ventilatory support. The Mantel-Haenszel estimate for
      estimating odds-ratios was used to determine that infants ventilated with nasal
      prongs or face mask were more likely to develop a gastrointestinal perforation
      than control infants ventilated with endotracheal tubes (odds-ratio greater than
      or equal to 29.6). This risk was associated with both upper gastrointestinal
      perforations (odds-ratio greater than or equal to 21.0) and lower
      gastrointestinal perforations (odds-ratio greater than or equal to 15.3). Routine
      use of mechanical ventilation with either nasal prongs or face mask appears to be
      associated with an unacceptable risk of gastrointestinal perforations in sick
      neonates.

PMID- 4034302
TI  - Teaching car passenger safety to preschool children.
AB  - An educational curriculum entitled "Bucklebear" was designed to increase safety
      seat and seat belt use in young children enrolled in preschool programs (day care
      centers and nursery schools). Three basic concepts were emphasized: (1) "buckling
      up" is a good habit for everyone for every ride; (2) the back seat is the best
      seat; and (3) there are desirable passenger behaviors. The curriculum included
      training workshops with teachers, parent meetings, classroom lessons, sound
      filmstrip, puppet play, and many other activities. Six experimental programs and
      seven control programs with 402 and 427 enrolled children, respectively,
      participated. After their participation in the educational curriculum, children
      in the experimental program increased their use of a safety seat or seat belt
      from 21.9% to 44.3%. These children also increased their knowledge and simulated
      practice of car passenger safety.

PMID- 4034301
TI  - Atypical bacterial infections explained by a concomitant virus infection.
AB  - Because both viral and bacterial infections are common during early childhood,
      dual infections are not unexpected. However, the clinical manifestation of such
      combined infections may be, difficult to interpret, and they are often
      misdiagnosed as "atypical bacterial infection." Five patients with concomitant
      viral-bacterial infections are described. In all five cases, virus detection
      enabled the physicians to better understand an otherwise puzzling clinical
      presentation. In view of the recent progress in rapid viral diagnoses and the
      potential of antiviral drugs, the possibility of dual infection should be
      investigated more often.

PMID- 4034303
TI  - Congenital posterior choanal atresia.
AB  - Although described more than two centuries ago, congenital choanal atresia
      remains an entity for which optimum treatment is not yet established. In a study
      of 29 cases of cogenital choanal atresia during a 14-year period, 14 male and 15
      female patients were diagnosed, in contrast with the 2:1 female-male ratio
      usually reported. Thirty-two operative procedures were performed on 16 surgically
      treated patients in the series. The two classes of surgical treatment,
      transpalatal and transnasal techniques, were marked by 66% and 73% recurrence
      rates, respectively, from 2 months to 6.5 years of follow-up. In previous
      studies, facial growth disturbances have been shown to result from transpalatal
      resection in the growing child, whereas transnasal techniques have been indicted
      as a cause of serious neurologic complications. Because no major morbidity
      resulted from 20 endonasal procedures in this series, early serial endonasal
      perforation is advocated as a means of establishing and maintaining a patent
      nasal airway until definitive transnasal repair can be performed when facial
      growth is more complete.

PMID- 4034304
TI  - Personnel in neonatal pediatrics: assessment of numbers and distribution.
AB  - There has not been an accurate assessment made of the number of practicing
      neonatologists, attrition rate of neonatologists, or geographic distribution of
      neonatologists; therefore, a telephone survey was conducted to assess these
      issues. The basic conclusion of this study is that numbers and distribution of
      neonatologists, as well as ratio to patient population, are not deficient or
      disproportionate when analyzed on a nationwide basis.

PMID- 4034305
TI  - National Institutes of Health report on causes of mental retardation and cerebral
      palsy. Task Force on Joint Assessment of Prenatal and Perinatal Factors
      Associated with Brain Disorders.

PMID- 4034306
TI  - Will there be a tomorrow without the children?

PMID- 4034307
TI  - Fifth versus fourth Korotkoff phase.

PMID- 4034308
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric Manpower: Pediatric
      manpower recommendations.

PMID- 4034309
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Hospital Care: Child life programs
      for hospitalized children.

PMID- 4034310
TI  - Hunger debate.

PMID- 4034311
TI  - Neonatologist versus general pediatrician.

PMID- 4034312
TI  - Pesticide residues in food.

PMID- 4034313
TI  - [Nonspecific protection factors in the pathogenesis of chronic gastroduodenitis
      in children].

PMID- 4034314
TI  - [Biogenic amines in gastroduodenal pathology in children].

PMID- 4034315
TI  - [Morphometry of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in the diagnosis of chronic
      gastroduodenitis in children].

PMID- 4034316
TI  - [Intrajejunal bactericidal activity and jejunal microbial colonization in
      children with chronic gastroduodenitis].

PMID- 4034317
TI  - [Neurophysiological mechanisms, serotonin metabolism and dysbacteriosis in the
      pathogenesis of chronic colitis in children].

PMID- 4034318
TI  - [Clinical importance of determining lysozyme in secretions and blood serum in
      chronic liver diseases in children].

PMID- 4034319
TI  - [Assessment of the degree of activity of chronic hepatitis in children by
      morphometry of liver biopsies].

PMID- 4034320
TI  - [Current problems of pediatric gastroenterology].

PMID- 4034321
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography in children].

PMID- 4034322
TI  - [Simultaneous microscopic and bacterioscopic examination of children's urine in
      the polyclinic].

PMID- 4034323
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of duodenal ulcer complications in children and the
      procedure for their treatment].

PMID- 4034324
TI  - [Diagnosis of the chronic diarrhea syndrome in young infants and preschoolers].

PMID- 4034326
TI  - [Diet therapy of celiac disease in children].

PMID- 4034325
TI  - [Clinical aspects and treatment of functional fecal incontinence in children].

PMID- 4034327
TI  - [Means of improving medical care for children with foreign bodies in the
      respiratory tract].

PMID- 4034328
TI  - [Use of hemosorption in the resuscitation department of a pediatric infectious
      disease clinic].

PMID- 4034329
TI  - [Experience with the use of anatomical reference points in catheterizing the
      subclavian veins of children].

PMID- 4034330
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of nonspecific ulcerative colitis in children].

PMID- 4034331
TI  - [Dyslipidemias in children].

PMID- 4034332
TI  - [2 cases of duodenal peptic ulcer in preschool children].

PMID- 4034333
TI  - [Immunoglobulins in the digestive secretions of healthy children].

PMID- 4034334
TI  - [Functional evaluation of the complement system in children with digestive organ
      pathology].

PMID- 4034335
TI  - Quantitative changes in steroid and peptide hormones in the maternal
      fetoplacental system between the 28th-40th weeks of pregnancy.
AB  - The role of steroid and peptide hormones in the maintenance of pregnancy and in
      the onset of labour was investigated in the maternal-fetoplacental system between
      the 28th-40th weeks of pregnancy. The data of 151 pregnant women and 108 newborns
      was processed, and a total of 2385 samples was studied by RIA. Results showed
      that between the 28th-40th week there is an increase in the prolactin level of
      the umbilical arterial and venous blood with a parallel increase in the cortisol
      level of umbilical arterial blood and a fall in the progesterone level of
      umbilical arterial and venous blood which between the 36th and 40th week results
      in a rise of the oestradiol/progesterone quotient. At the same time the
      oestradiol concentration rises in the maternal circulation and in case of
      premature labour the oestradiol/progesterone quotient attains values twice as
      high as those found in normal pregnancies. The alteration of the hormonal
      environment expedites the predominance of the mechanisms stimulating the activity
      of the myometrium. The hormone values in the umbilical artery and vein
      characteristically differ from those of the maternal serum. Thus, it may be
      assumed that the fetus, though being in close communication with the maternal
      organism, is capable of independently maintaining its hormonal environment. The
      results indicate that the fetus or more accurately the fetoplacental unit plays a
      significant part in the maintenance of pregnancy and in the initiation of labour
      than it has been assumed previously.

PMID- 4034336
TI  - Comparative study of intravenous anaesthetic techniques administered during short
      term gynecological operations.
AB  - The effects of nine intravenous anaesthetic techniques on serum cortisol level
      and circulatory parameters were studied in healthy patients undergoing
      termination of pregnancy. Considering the increased pre-operation values and
      those of the pregnant control group as well as diurnal variations, it was found
      that the serum cortisol value changed during and after the procedure depending on
      the type of anaesthesia used. This might mean that the optimal type of
      anaesthesia for interruption could be designed by measuring the serum cortisol
      level, assuming that this parameter was one of the indicators of stress. The
      rating the different types of anaesthetics, the circulatory parameters were also
      considered. According to these criteria the best results were observed using
      methohexital in combination with fentanyl or diazepam.

PMID- 4034337
TI  - The effect of sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on artificial
      immune complexes.
AB  - The solubilization of artificial immune complexes mediated by complements has
      been well-known since 1975. It is known that the process is bound to the
      integrity of the alternative complement pathway. The phenomenon of solubilization
      can be used in the investigation of the function of the complement system. We
      have studied the solubilization of artificial complexes containing BSA and 125I
      labelled anti-BSA on the effect of sera of healthy subjects and those of patients
      suffering from SLE. We have observed that the solubilization capacity of SLE sera
      is significantly lower than that of healthy persons. The decrease is the most
      distinct at the time of the activity of the disease.

PMID- 4034338
TI  - Serum IgE level in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The serum total-IgE level has been studied in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
      in order to obtain data concerning the significance of IgE antibodies in the
      appearance of SLE symptoms. In most patients the serum IgE content was
      significantly higher in the active stage of the disease than during remission.
      The findings indicated a specific statistical distribution due to the multiple
      factors influencing IgE production and so an augmented IgE level cannot be
      regarded as a reliable feature of SLE activation.

PMID- 4034339
TI  - The clinical value of the His-bundle electrogram in intraventricular conduction
      defects.
AB  - A study concerned with the clinical significance of the His-bundle ECG was
      carried out in association with upper atrial stimulation in 20 patients with
      intraventricular conduction defect. On the ground of the results the His-bundle
      ECG is regarded as a procedure of diagnostic value in intraventricular conduction
      defects by contributing to the accuracy of information on the severity and extent
      of the lesion. In the framework of published observations, including the present
      findings, questions relating to prognosis and to the necessity for pacing in
      bifascicular block are discussed.

PMID- 4034340
TI  - Production and properties of antiserum for radioimmunoassay of serum conjugated
      chenodeoxycholic acid and its preliminary application.
AB  - Sensitive tritiated radioimmunoassay was developed for conjugated
      chenodeoxycholic acid, using immunogen prepared by the mixed anhydride method.
      The obtained molar bile salt-BSA ratio in the immunogen was 19:1. The
      distinguishing features of the immunization procedure were a preliminary
      vaccination of the animal with antitubercular vaccine (VDS), and the
      administration of very small doses of immunogen (50 micrograms). Assay
      sensitivity for this bile salt fell in the picomole range with the standard curve
      extending from 1.5 to 150 pmol. Specificity of the antiserum was compared with
      that of the commercially available "Glycochenodeoxycholic acid RIA kit"
      (Nordiclab Oy, Oulu, Finland), and proved to be satisfactory. Fasting serum
      conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid concentration in 25 healthy subjects and 15
      patients with cirrhosis was 0.63 mumol/l and 43.05 mumol/l, respectively. The
      assay was performed on unextracted sera.

PMID- 4034341
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in older children].
AB  - The authors report 3 cases of AIDS in children 10 and 11 years of age. These
      cases fulfill the definition of AIDS such as established by C.D.C. (Centers for
      Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia U.S.A.) As opportunistic infections, the first
      case had oral moniliasis, the second case presented with ganglionic form of
      Kaposi Sarcoma and the third case had cryptococcal meningitis. The mode of
      transmission in this age group is unknown. Only one child had repeated
      transfusion. The parents of these children are in good health and were not at
      risk for AIDS.

PMID- 4034342
TI  - [The Vater association in a newborn infant of a diabetic mother].
AB  - Concerning the case history of an infant of diabetic mother, the authors analyse
      the possible relationship between a VATER association and a poorly controlled
      diabetes mellitus in the early weeks of pregnancy. Caudal regression syndrome,
      the most frequently observed malformation noted in infants of diabetic mothers
      and VATER association are the results of an "AXIAL MESODERMAL DYSPLASIA".
      Furthermore, the factors causing VATER association occur before the seventh week
      of pregnancy like those responsible for the anomalies observed in infants of
      diabetic mothers. It is possible that a poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
      before conception and in the early weeks of pregnancy could favour the appearance
      of VATER association.

PMID- 4034343
TI  - [Salmonella panama responsible for meningitis secondary to febrile
      gastroenteritis in a 3-month-old infant].
AB  - The authors report a case of meningitis following enteritis due to Salmonella
      Panama (group D). The severity of Salmonella infection is especially correlated
      with hematogenous dissemination, through a transitory lack of intestinal
      immunity. The limited efficacy of antibiotics in salmonellosis is responsible for
      an ambiguous preventive attitude towards salmonella meningitis.

PMID- 4034344
TI  - Scale, key, and contour in the discrimination of tuned and mistuned
      approximations to melody.

PMID- 4034345
TI  - Statistical properties of forced-choice psychometric functions: implications of
      probit analysis.

PMID- 4034346
TI  - Identifying objects by touch: an "expert system".

PMID- 4034347
TI  - Absence of relational determination in the rod-and-frame effect.

PMID- 4034348
TI  - Identification and discrimination of consonant-vowel syllables by younger and
      older adults.

PMID- 4034349
TI  - Lateral inhibition between spatially adjacent spatial-frequency channels?

PMID- 4034350
TI  - On size, distance, and visual angle perception.

PMID- 4034351
TI  - The dissociation of position and extent in Muller-Lyer figures.

PMID- 4034352
TI  - Acquisition and decision during target search of visual letter displays.

PMID- 4034353
TI  - Categorization and normalization of vowels by 3-year-old children.

PMID- 4034354
TI  - Binocular interaction in induced line rotation.

PMID- 4034355
TI  - Identification and discrimination of sweep tones.

PMID- 4034356
TI  - Does testing initiate decay of McCollough effects?

PMID- 4034357
TI  - Imagery effects on early visual processing.

PMID- 4034358
TI  - Letters are visual stimuli: a comment on the use of confusion matrices.

PMID- 4034359
TI  - Reflections on enjoyment.

PMID- 4034360
TI  - Evolution of the human mind and emergence of tribal culture: a mentalist
      approach.

PMID- 4034361
TI  - Gender chauvinism and the division of labor in humans.

PMID- 4034362
TI  - Biological and social evolution: another view.

PMID- 4034363
TI  - Quality of life: an ideological critique.

PMID- 4034364
TI  - Art for psych's sake.

PMID- 4034365
TI  - Fatness, menarche, and female fertility.

PMID- 4034366
TI  - Skin AVA and capillary dilatation and constriction induced by local skin heating.
AB  - In conscious sheep, total femoral blood flow and flow through arteriovenous
      anastomoses (AVAs) and capillaries (CAP) in skin of the hindleg were measured
      employing electromagnetic and radioactive microsphere techniques. Core
      temperature (Tc) was manipulated using intravascular heat exchangers and hindleg
      skin temperature (Tsk) was manipulated by immersion in temperature controlled
      water. With Tc set 1 degree C above normal, AVA flow was highest at the lowest
      Tsk tested (34 degrees C); AVAs progressively constricted as Tsk was increased
      from 34 to 40-41 degrees C, then dilated again as Tsk reached the highest levels
      tested (42-44 degrees C). Skin CAP flow was not altered by Tsk of 34 to 42
      degrees C but was increased at a Tsk of 44 degrees C. Therefore total skin blood
      flow followed essentially the same pattern as AVA flow; total femoral flow also
      followed this pattern. When Tc was set 0.5 degrees C below normal, AVA flow was
      low at all levels of Tsk. It is concluded that Tc plays a dominant role in
      control of skin blood flow, however, once Tc is at a level requiring increased
      heat loss, Tsk exerts an extremely potent influence on the nature and magnitude
      of changes in skin blood flow. The pattern of flow changes appears to reflect
      principally a negative feedback mechanism aimed at maintaining Tsk at
      approximately 40 degrees C; this may contrast with mechanisms associated with
      sweating and/or active vasodilatation in other species.

PMID- 4034367
TI  - Effect of adenosine and its stabile analogue 2-chloroadenosine on cerebrocortical
      microcirculation and NAD/NADH redox state.
AB  - In the present study, the effects of topically applied adenosine (ADO) and its
      stabile analogue 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) on cerebrocortical microcirculation and
      NAD/NADH redox state (oxidized/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) were
      investigated. Vascular volume (CVV), mean transit time of blood flow (tm), blood
      flow (CBF), and NADH fluorescence of the cat brain cortex were measured through a
      cranial window with a microscope fluororeflectometer. The reference values of
      CVV, tm, and CBF, measured in the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (mock CSF) which
      superfused brain cortex, were regarded as 100%. Adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine,
      in the concentration range of 10(-6) - 10(-3) M, resulted in concentration
      dependent increases in CBF and NAD reduction. 10(-5) M adenosine and 2
      chloroadenosine increased CBF by 49.6 +/- 5.6% and 80.4 +/- 10.3%, respectively.
      At a pharmacologically high concentration (10(-3) M), ADO increased CBF by 164.6
      +/- 13.5%, CADO by 333 +/- 44%. At the same time, 10(-3) M ADO and CADO shifted
      the cortical NAD/NADH redox state by 7.9 +/- 0.4% and 12.4 +/- 0.7%, respectively
      toward a more reduced state. Our results, concerning the vasodilator potency of
      adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine, accord with available data in the literature.
      However, the pronounced NAD reduction obtained with these adenosine nucleosides
      suggests that, besides an action on vascular adenosine receptors, some other
      changes, such as increased substrate mobilization and possibly cAMP production,
      may contribute to the vasodilator effect of adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine.

PMID- 4034368
TI  - Regional differences in the electrical activity of the rabbit sinus node.
AB  - In order to study regional differences in membrane properties within the sinus
      node, we have investigated the electrical activity of small specimens of tissue
      (approximately 0.3 mm in diameter) that have been prepared from the central,
      transitional and peripheral areas of the rabbit sinus node. The action potential
      upstroke velocity and overshoot as well as the maximum diastolic potential were
      significantly greater in tissue from the peripheral area. Paradoxically, the rate
      of spontaneous activity was slowest in tissue from the central area (normally the
      leading pacemaker site in the intact heart). Recovery of excitability was slowest
      in tissue from the central area and fastest in tissue from the peripheral area.
      The depression of electrical activity produced by rapid stimulation (overdrive)
      was most marked in the central region. Raising the bathing K concentration
      depresses spontaneous activity and this effect was again most marked in the
      central region. Tissue from the central area was the least sensitive to
      acetylcholine in five out of six hearts. Pacemaker shift can occur within the
      sinus node in response to various interventions, and differences in electrical
      activity as observed in this study may underlie such changes.

PMID- 4034369
TI  - Mechanism of rapid phosphate (Pi) transport adaptation to a single low Pi meal in
      rat renal brush border membrane.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the adaptive response of tubular inorganic
      phosphate (Pi) transport to Pi deprivation is detectable in the whole kidney 24 h
      after switching rats from a high (HPD) to a low (LPD) Pi diet. In the present
      work we report on a more rapid adaptive response of the sodium (Na)-dependent Pi
      transport system located in the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule and its
      relation with changes in phosphatemia an parathyroid hormone status. Rats were
      fed HPD and trained to eat their daily ration within 1 h. After two weeks of
      equilibration half of the animals received a single LPD ration. 1, 2 and 4 h
      after the end of food consumption the animals were either sacrificed for renal
      cortical brush border membrane vesicle (BBMV) isolation or used for determining
      plasma Pi concentration, urinary excretion of Pi and cAMP. The results indicate
      that 2 and 4 h after the end of feeding, the Na-dependent Pi transport in BBMV
      was stimulated by 70 and 140% respectively in intact rats exposed for the first
      time to LPD. This response was preceded by a significant fall in plasma Pi
      concentration (HPD: 2.46 +/- 0.03, LPD: 2.04 +/- 0.05 mM), in the urinary
      excretion of Pi (HPD: 899.0 +/- 68.1; LPD: 6.5 +/- 3.3 mumol/ml GFR) and cAMP
      (HPD: 76.9 +/- 7.4, LPD: 48.2 +/- 1.4 pmol/ml GF). This last result suggested a
      rapid inhibition of PTH after one single LPD feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4034370
TI  - Uphill transport of pyrimidine nucleosides in renal brush border vesicles.
AB  - The uptake of cytidine, of thymidine and of uridine in brush border vesicles
      prepared from the cortex of rat kidney has been studied by the technique of rapid
      filtration. The nucleosides were not metabolized in the vesicles. The time
      courses of uptake in the presence of inwardly directed gradients of Na+ and of K+
      showed an overshoot, indicating uphill transport. The overshoot was much more
      pronounced with Na+ than with K+; it was not observed when Na+ was at equilibrium
      across the membrane. The uptake of the nucleosides was stimulated by an inside
      negative potential in the presence of Na+. These results provide evidence for a
      cotransport of pyrimidine nucleosides with Na+. The apparent Km's for the uptake
      of cytidine, of thymidine and of uridine were 3.76 mumol X 1(-1), 4.18 mumol X 1(
      1) and 7.21 mumol X 1(-1) respectively. The uptake of the pyrimidine nucleosides
      was insensitive to 6-nitrobenzylthioinosine. This insensitivity as well as the
      high affinity for the nucleosides and the capacity for uphill transport indicate
      that the nucleoside carrier(s) is renal brush border is (are) different from the
      carriers found in most other cell types.

PMID- 4034371
TI  - Calcium-dependent action potentials in guinea-pig olfactory cortex neurones.
AB  - Ca2+-dependent action potentials were recorded in guinea pig olfactory neurones
      in vitro (23 degrees--25 degrees C). In most cells (in the presence of
      tetrodotoxin: TTX) the current-voltage relationship displayed 'anomalous'
      rectification (apparent high slope resistance) at potentials approximately 20 mV
      depolarized to the resting membrane potential (approximately -80 mV) and strong
      outward rectification at more positive potentials. Intracellular Cs+-loading
      blocked outward rectification and increased action potential duration. Such
      spikes were TTX-insensitive and were further prolonged by external addition of
      tetraethylammonium (TEA) or Ba2+. Spikes recorded from Cs+-loaded, TTX/TEA
      treated neurones displayed a prolonged plateau and an after-depolarization. They
      persisted when Ba2+ or Sr2+ were substituted for external Ca2+, but not when Mg2+
      was the sole extracellular divalent cation. The spikes were blocked in the
      presence of Cd2+ but persisted when 82% of the extracellular Na+ was substituted
      by choline. A TTX-insensitive, slowly inactivating inward current at depolarized
      potentials is believed to account for the subthreshold 'anomalous' rectification
      and prolonged spike plateau.

PMID- 4034372
TI  - The extrarenal effects of aldosterone on the distribution of extracellular fluid
      in conscious adrenalectomized-nephrectomized rats.
AB  - In order to examine the extrarenal roles of aldosterone in cardiovascular
      homeostasis, the present study compared blood pressure, extracellular fluid
      volume (ECFV) and plasma volume (PV) in the three following groups: 10
      nephrectomized (NX) rats, 10 nephrectomized-adrenalectomized (NX-AX) rats, and 10
      NX-AX and aldosterone-treated (NX-AX-A) rats. Two-hundred and fifty micrograms of
      aldosterone, mixed with sesame oil, was given subcutaneously in the NX-AX-A rats.
      Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded through previously implanted carotid
      catheters. ECFV and PV were measured using 35S-Na2SO4 and 131I-RISA,
      respectively, 24 h after the operation. These measurements were performed in an
      unanesthetized and unrestricted condition. MAP gradually increased in the NX
      group, while a gradual decrease was observed in the other groups. However, MAP
      was significantly higher in the NX-AX-A group than in the NX-AX group 6 h after
      the operation and thereafter. Changes in body weight were comparable in the three
      groups 24 h after the operation. ECFV and PV were both reduced in the NX-AX and
      the NX-AX-A groups as compared to the NX group (P less than 0.001 NX-AX vs NX,
      and P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.025 NX-AX-A vs NX, respectively). Although
      ECFV was comparable in the NX-AX and the NX-AX-A groups, PV was significantly
      greater in the NX-AX-A group than in the NX-AX group (P less than 0.05). There
      was a significant positive correlation between MAP and PV in the rats as a whole
      (r = 0.68, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4034373
TI  - Localization and properties of NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin
      dehydrogenase activity in the rat kidney.
AB  - Localization of NAD+-dependent (type I) 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
      (15PGDH) in the rat kidney was examined using an ultramicro assay of the enzyme
      activity based on the enzymatic cycling method. The enzyme activities during
      first 3 weeks of age were 30- to 40-fold higher than the adult and rapidly
      decreased by 4th week. 15PGDH activities measured with either PGE2 or PGF2 alpha
      as a substrate were five times higher in slices from midcortical or
      juxtamedullary layers than in slices from the superficial cortex of 3 week-old
      rat kidney. Little activity was found in inner medulla and papilla. When the
      enzyme activity was assayed using isolated nephron segments dissected from
      collagenase treated slices of 3 week-old rat kidneys, the activity was localized
      only in the proximal convoluted and straight tubules with either PGs (PGE2: 1.75
      +/- 0.25 in PCT, 7.70 +/- 1.19 in PST, and PGF2 alpha: 1.63 +/- 0.39, 6.18 +/-
      1.52 pmoles NADH/mm/40 min). The kinetic analysis for renal 15PGDH of 3 week-old
      rats revealed that Km for PGE2 (8.4 microM) was lower than that for PGF2 alpha
      (22.6 microM) with constant NAD+, while Vmax for both was similar. In contrast,
      both Km and Vmax for NAD+ were identical with either PGs. These data suggest that
      the rate-limiting factor of type I 15PGDH is the concentration of prostaglandins
      in the kidney rather than the concentration of NAD+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4034374
TI  - [Echocardiography and angiocardiography in overriding and straddling of mitral
      valve in Taussig-Bing anomaly. A case report].

PMID- 4034375
TI  - [Computed tomography of the pericardium--normal and abnormal appearances].

PMID- 4034376
TI  - [Evaluation of thyroid carcinoma with invasion of adjacent organs by CT].

PMID- 4034377
TI  - [Imaging diagnosis of gas exchange in patients with lung cancer. Evaluation of
      regional ventilation and perfusion with functional imaging].

PMID- 4034379
TI  - [ROC analysis of computed tomography and renal scintigraphy for renal diseases].

PMID- 4034378
TI  - [Cavernous hemangioma of the liver. Diagnostic value of 99mTc in vivo labelled
      RBCs angiography].

PMID- 4034380
TI  - [Analysis of lymphocyte subsets infiltrated into mouse tumor tissue exposed to
      local irradiation--histological study using monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 4034381
TI  - [Diagnosis and localization of pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 4034382
TI  - [Methodology research. Bias I: Definitions and occurrence in controlled tests].

PMID- 4034383
TI  - [WHO and Scandinavian health policy].

PMID- 4034384
TI  - [New findings on osteoporosis].

PMID- 4034385
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of instable dorsal and sacral spinal fractures].

PMID- 4034386
TI  - The relationship between serum IgG levels and age, leg injuries, infections and
      weight gains in dairy calves.
AB  - Serum IgG profiles for calves up to 50 days varied markedly depending on the
      level of passively acquired immunity. A relationship between serum IgG at 5 days
      of age and prevalence of leg injuries (skin lesions) was found, whereas no
      associations were seen regarding IgG and diarrhoea or liveweight gain.

PMID- 4034387
TI  - An epidemiological study of factors affecting serum IgG levels in dairy calves.
AB  - Serum IgG was used to evaluate the immune status of calves up to 180 days of age
      in 300 Norwegian dairy herds. Several factors were found to significantly affect
      the levels. Among these were geographical district, season, and factors related
      to housing and feeding.

PMID- 4034388
TI  - Osteochondritis dissecans in the tibio-tarsal joint. Results by surgical
      treatment.
AB  - Osteochondrosis is a rapidly growing problem in the horse population and reports
      are frequent. Osteochondritis dissecans can in most cases be treated surgically,
      but reports on results are lacking. This paper reports the results of surgery of
      the tibiotarsal joint in 43 cases.

PMID- 4034389
TI  - Isospora suis species in a Danish SPF-herd.
AB  - In two studies carried out in 1974-75 on 10 eight and 25 two week old piglets
      obtained from a SPF-herd the endoparasitic status was determined. Samples of
      faeces were examined by microscopy which revealed the presence of Isospora suis,
      a finding that was quite unexpected in a SPF-herd. During days 17-23 pp. the 25
      piglets were not found to excrete oocysts, the earliest findings of oocysts being
      made 24-35 days p.p. The 10 piglets being kept isolated in individual pens
      excreted oocysts up until 88 days p.p. The epidemiology of Isospora suis is
      discussed.

PMID- 4034391
TI  - [Tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens].
AB  - After the general description of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) an account is given
      on observations of the incidence of this leg abnormality in the Danish broiler
      production. Comparative investigations concerning the frequency of TD in three
      commercial strains of broiler chickens (A, B & C) is described. The possible
      effect of the diet, with reference to frequency--particularly calcium and
      phosphorus levels--is studied. Chickens from each strain were divided into two
      equal groups; one was fed an ordinary broiler chicken diet (X), and the other was
      given feed (Y) originally composed for replacement pullets. The frequency of TD
      was 22 percent in broiler chickens from the commercial production. Irrespective
      of composition of the feed, almost the same incidence was recorded in both groups
      of one of the strains (A), while the frequency of TD in strains B & C was
      significantly lower on both diets. In relation to available observations and
      results, influence on incidence of genetic factors and certain feed ingredients
      is discussed. It is concluded that the TD-frequency is relatively high in the
      strain which dominates the Danish broiler production. This seems to be primarily
      determined by genetic factors, whereas in this experiment the levels of calcium,
      phosphorous and other feed ingredients have minor influence.

PMID- 4034390
TI  - Isolation of dermatophytes from domestic animals in Norway.
AB  - The examination of 2066 skin scrapings from domestic animals in the period from
      July 1981 to June 1984, revealed dermatophytes in 439 samples. Dermatophytes
      isolated were: M. canis in dog, cat, cattle, horse, swine, goat, rabbit and
      hamster, M. equinum in dog and horse, M. gypseum in horse, T. equinum in horse
      and cattle, T. mentagrophytes in dog, cat, cattle, horse, guinea pig and rabbit,
      T. verrucosum in cattle and E. floccosum in dog.

PMID- 4034392
TI  - Efficacy of vaccination against ringworm in cattle.

PMID- 4034393
TI  - Fate of exogenous recombinant plasmids introduced into mouse and human cells.
AB  - We have constructed a number of plasmids selectable in both E. coli and mouse or
      human cells. Human DNA sequences were inserted and the recombinant plasmids were
      used to transfect either mouse or human cells by the Ca-phosphate precipitation
      technique. We have observed that: (i) competent cells uptake large amounts of
      plasmid DNA; (ii) input plasmids persist in transformed mammalian cells as free
      unreplicating circular molecules for up to 20 generations; such persistence does
      not depend on the presence of selective markers; (iii) plasmids incorporated into
      mouse L-cells undergo widespread rearrangements (in the absence of replication)
      entailing mostly deletions of both human and bacterial sequences which yield
      smaller products; the latter appear to be more stable in a subsequent
      transformation cycle. Surprisingly such rearrangements are almost totally absent
      in transformed human KB-cells. This property of human KB-cells may prove useful
      for the development of a vector apt at cloning and expressing human DNA
      sequences. Unlike what has been observed in yeast, no "autonomously replicating
      sequence" can be detected in mammalian cells by randomly cloning human DNA
      sequences into a selectable plasmid and screening for an increased transformation
      efficiency.

PMID- 4034394
TI  - Nucleic acid binding drugs. Part XIII. Molecular motion in a drug-nucleic acid
      model system: thermal motion analysis of a proflavine-dinucleoside crystal
      structure.
AB  - The high-resolution crystal structure of the intercalation complex between
      proflavine and cytidylyl-3',5'-guanosine (CpG) has been studied by thermalmotion
      analysis. This has provided information on the translational and librational
      motions of individual groups in the complex. Many of these motions are similar
      to, though of larger magnitude than in uncomplexed dinucleosides. Pronounced
      librational effects were observed along the base pairs and in the plane of the
      drug chromophore.

PMID- 4034395
TI  - Evidence for sequence-specific conformational changes in DNA from the melting
      temperatures of DNA phosphorothioate derivatives.
AB  - Analogs of alternating purine-pyrimidine DNA polymers such as poly(dA-dT)-poly(dA
      dT) can be made with phosphorothioate groups in the DNA backbone. A
      phosphorothioate diester at the 5'-purine-pyrimidine-3' step causes a significant
      lowering of the polymer's melting temperature compared to a phosphorothioate
      diester at the 5'-pyrimidine-purine-3' step. This may occur because sulfur
      substitution increases anionic charge density in the DNA minor groove and 5'
      purine-pyrimidine-3' steps narrow the minor groove. The ability to modulate
      charge density in the DNA backbone via sulfur substitution should prove useful in
      studies of sequence-dependent conformational changes in DNA.

PMID- 4034396
TI  - Macronuclear DNA of Tetrahymena thermophila exists as defined subchromosomal
      sized molecules.
AB  - Using the method of orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis, we have
      resolved the macronuclear DNA of Tetrahymena thermophila into a series of
      distinct bands. Using electrode switching intervals ranging from 10 to 70 seconds
      we have resolved DNA bands ranging in size from about 21 kb up to and beyond the
      size of yeast chromosomes VII and XV. Hybridization of Southern blots from these
      gels to both unique and repetitive DNA sequences shows that the macronuclear
      genome of T. thermophila has a precise organization. The unique sequences tested
      each hybridize to only one band of macronuclear DNA and the hybridization
      patterns seem to be identical in several inbred strains examined.

PMID- 4034397
TI  - Melting transition of covalently closed DNA with supercoil-induced cruciforms.
AB  - The melting curve for covalently closed supercoiled DNA has been studied by
      assuming the existence of cruciforms as significant structural perturbations in
      the pre-melting region. The statistical mechanical treatment used incorporates
      these cruciform structures through an appropriate sequence generating function.
      The variation of the effective hydrogen bond energy with temperature is taken
      into account by an empirical procedure. The results obtained are in close
      agreement with the corresponding experimental data in TEA solution where the
      effect of heterogeneity of the base pairs is minimized.

PMID- 4034398
TI  - N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene modification of a deoxyoligonucleotide duplex.
AB  - The carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene was reacted with d (CCACGCACC) to
      form a covalent adduct with attachment at the single guanine. The sample was
      purified, mixed 1:1 with d (GGTGCGTGG) and studied by thermal denaturation
      experiments. The Tm for the mixture was 35 +/- 3 degrees C, consistent with
      duplex formation. The method of continuous variation shows that the modified
      oligomer, d (CCACGAAFCACC), forms a 1:1 duplex with d (GGTGCGTGG). Circular
      dichroism spectra also indicate the formation of a duplex and suggest that the
      modified duplex has a left-handed conformation. Addition of the intercalating
      drug ethidium alters the CD spectrum of the modified duplex, resulting in a CD
      spectrum similar to that of ethidium bound to right-handed DNA.

PMID- 4034400
TI  - [Role of cellular oncogenes in the development of neoplasms].

PMID- 4034399
TI  - UV irradiation of nucleic acids: formation, purification and solution
      conformational analysis of the '6-4 lesion' of dTpdT.
AB  - Irradiation of dTpdT with 300 kJ/m2 of 254 nm produces numerous photo-products,
      one of which labeled dT6pd4T[1] was purified by HPLC. dT6pd4T has a UV spectrum
      (H20, pH 7) with lambda max = 326 nm and lambda min = 265 nm, and a P-31 NMR
      resonance at -3.46 ppm (normal dTpdT occurs at -4.01 ppm; TMP, 30 degrees C). 2-D
      COSY NMR spectra facilitated proton resonance assignments and 2-D NOESY spectra
      aided analysis of spatial orientation. Carbon-13 and proton-coupled P-31 NMR
      spectra of dT6pd4T were also obtained. These analyses indicate: C5=C6 of dT6p- is
      saturated and the -pd4T base is more aromatic; the dT6p- base possesses a
      configuration of 5R, 6S; dT6p- and -pd4T have anti-type glycosidic conformations;
      furanose conformation of dT6p- is mainly C3'-endo and that of -pd4T exists in a
      C3'-endo in equilibrium C3'-exo; exocyclic bonds gamma (C5'-C4'), beta (05'-C5')
      and epsilon (C3'-03') are non-classical rotamers; dihedral angle about epsilon
      (C3'-03') is smaller relative to dTpdT.

PMID- 4034401
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies--new methods of diagnosing and treating cancers of the
      digestive tract].

PMID- 4034402
TI  - [The kinetics of neoplastic tumors. II. Principles of determining various
      indicators of the growth of neoplastic tumors in clinical studies].

PMID- 4034403
TI  - [Significance of the number of fractions and total time of treatment in the
      radiotherapy of neoplasms in the light of current opinions and our studies].

PMID- 4034405
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in neoplastic cells of the bone marrow of a patient with
      multiple myeloma].

PMID- 4034404
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of selected individual and environmental factors on the
      risk of development of cervical cancer].

PMID- 4034406
TI  - [Primary cancers of kidney pelvis and ureter].

PMID- 4034407
TI  - Alternating monotherapy is the preferred treatment.
AB  - The choice of initial therapy of hypertensive patients may be critical in the
      long-term efforts to reduce premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In
      the 1984 report of the third Joint National Committee (JNC), significant changes
      in the usual approach to initial therapy were suggested, including a more
      conservative approach toward the institution of drug therapy, more liberal use of
      nondrug therapies and broader choices for the initial drug. I support these
      changes and believe that even a greater number of choices for initial therapy
      should be considered. I am increasingly concerned about the hazards of diuretic
      therapy and believe that for most patients, an adrenergic inhibitor is preferable
      for first drug. Rather than limit the type of adrenergic inhibitor to a beta
      blocker as suggested in the JNC report, either an alpha blocker or a centrally
      acting drug may be preferable. In the near future, calcium antagonists will
      likely also become logical choices.

PMID- 4034409
TI  - Pro-enkephalin peptides possessing Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-immunoreactivity
      in rat CSF, striatum and adrenal gland.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) taken from rats implanted with chronic cisternal
      cannulae and extracts prepared from rat adrenal gland and striatum were subjected
      to Sephadex G-50 chromatography and HPLC. Fractions were monitored using specific
      radioimmunoassays (RIA) for the pentapeptide methionine enkephalin (Met-Enk) and
      methionine enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-EnkRGL). In rat CSF, striatum and
      adrenal gland, three Met-EnkRGL-immunoreactive (IR) peaks of Mrs 8000, 5000 and
      1000 daltons were detected. The same peaks were also found to possess Met-Enk
      immunoreactivity after enzyme digestion of Sephadex G-50 fractions with trypsin
      and carboxypeptidase B (CPB), suggesting their derivation from proenkephalin.
      HPLC of the 8K and 5K peaks on a column of Ultrapore RPSC showed them to elute
      discretely with similar retention times, indicative of hydrophobic peptides of
      large molecular weight. Their similar hydrophobicities yet significant separation
      during gel filtration would suggest that the 8K and 5K peptides are structurally
      closely related yet different with respect to their molecular weights. HPLC of
      the small molecular weight material from rat striatum and adrenal gland revealed
      the presence of Met-EnkRGL and Met-EnkRGL sulphoxide in both tissues. In rat
      striatum Met-Enk and its sulphoxide were also detected. The oxidised pentapeptide
      was found to be present in rat CSF, together with two unidentified small
      molecular weight Met-Enk-IR peaks detected without prior enzyme digestion of
      fractions. The small molecular weight Met-EnkRGL-IR material in rat CSF was found
      to be comprised of two unknown peptides which were less hydrophobic than Met
      EnkRGL and its sulphoxide derivative.

PMID- 4034408
TI  - Competitive antagonists of bradykinin.
AB  - The first sequence-related competitive inhibitors of the classic kinin in vitro
      (rat uterus guinea pig ileum) and in vivo (rat blood pressure) assays have been
      developed. Replacement of the proline residue at position 7 of bradykinin (BK)
      with a D-phenylalanine residue is the key modification which converts BK agonists
      into antagonists. [D-Phe7]-BK exhibits moderate (pA2 = 5.0) inhibition of BK
      activity on the guinea pig ileum but possesses weak BK-like myotropic activity on
      the isolated rat uterus and 2-4% of BK depressor potency in the rat blood
      pressure assay. The additional replacement of the phenylalanine residues at
      positions 5 and 8 of [D-Phe7]-BK with the isosteric beta-(2-thienyl)-alanine
      residue produces a potent antagonist of BK activity on the uterus (pA2 = 6.4),
      ileum (pA2 = 6.3), and in the rat blood pressure assay. The antagonism of BK
      action on smooth muscle is specific for kinins (BK, kallidin, Met-Lys-BK), but
      neither inhibitor antagonizes the smooth muscle activity of angiotensin or
      substance P. Inhibition is competitive and fully reversible.

PMID- 4034410
TI  - Presence of biologically and immunologically active secretin-like substance in
      the mammalian brain.
AB  - The present study involves the isolation and characterization of secretin-like
      immunoreactivity from the brains of pigs, rats and dogs. Secretin-like
      immunoreactivity was extracted with 0.1 N HCl and subjected to SP-Sephadex ion
      exchange chromatography and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-50 superfine column.
      The average amounts of secretin-like immunoreactivity in the extracts of 2 pigs,
      7 rats and 6 dog brains were 0.25 ng/g, 2.4 +/- 0.2 ng/g and 0.34 +/- 0.07 ng/g
      fresh tissue weight, respectively. The secretin-like immunoreactivities in the
      brain extracts exhibited the same retention coefficient as natural porcine
      secretin on gel filtration and were eluted in the same salt gradient from the SP
      Sephadex column. A partially purified secretin-like immunoreactivity isolated
      from canine brain exhibited the same bioactivity as natural porcine secretin to
      stimulate pancreatic volume flow in anesthetized rats (n = 4). These results
      indicated that secretin-like immunoreactivities from brain extracts possess the
      same molecular size and charge as natural porcine secretin and the secretin-like
      immunoreactivity isolated from dog brain is active in stimulating pancreatic
      secretion in anesthetized rats.

PMID- 4034411
TI  - Presence of immunoreactive neurophysins of a higher molecular weight in addition
      to the 10.000 form in the ovine pineal gland.
AB  - Using an aqueous extraction followed by ultrafiltration through Amicon Diaflo
      membranes, two ovine pineal fractions were obtained, which contain immunoreactive
      neurophysin. The presence of neurophysin was monitored by radioimmunoassay,
      employing an antiserum raised against pituitary bovine neurophysin and selected
      because it reacts with neurophysins of many other mammals. From 50 g of wet ovine
      pineal glands 552 micrograms of immunoreactive neurophysins were obtained. About
      5% of these immunoreactive neurophysins are eluted from three different Sephadex
      columns with an elution volume corresponding to Mr above 10,000 between bovine
      serum albumin and pituitary neurophysin. The remaining 95% of ovine
      immunoreactive pineal neurophysin (Mr 10,000) shares immunological and physico
      chemical properties with highly purified bovine pituitary neurophysin used as a
      reference. From the results of gel filtration and affinity chromatography on LVP
      Sepharose it was concluded that ovine pineal gland may contain a neurophysin
      precursor molecule in addition to the neurophysin Mr 10,000.

PMID- 4034412
TI  - Ileo-caecal resection induced pancreatic growth in rats.
AB  - The effect of ileo-caecal resection on pancreatic growth was studied in rats four
      weeks after the operation. The results were compared with an identical control
      group who had undergone laparotomy alone. Pancreatic wet weight in ileo-caecal
      resectioned rats was 1.4 times greater than that found in control rats. Protein,
      DNA, RNA contents in the pancreas, pancreatic wet weight per 100 micrograms DNA
      and RNA/DNA ratio were also found significantly elevated in experimental group as
      opposed to the control group. Basal plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) and
      gastrin were measured to delineate the influence of hormonal response on the
      pancreatic growth in ileo-caecal resected rats and were found not significantly
      increased after ileo-caecal resection. The data suggest that the enlargement of
      pancreas in ileo-caecal resected rats may be due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy
      of pancreatic cells; alternatively, the pancreatic growth may have been
      influenced by the bile acid deficiency and the reduction or release of an
      inhibitory factor present in the ileum of rats.

PMID- 4034413
TI  - Enkephalin pseudopeptides: resistance to in vitro proteolytic degradation
      afforded by amide bond replacements extends to remote sites.
AB  - Five analogs of leucine enkephalin containing the CH2S group as an amide bond
      replacement were evaluated with respect to resistance toward degradation by human
      serum in an HPLC-based assay using both ultraviolet and electrochemical
      detection. Analogs with the modification at the 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, or 4-5 peptide
      linkages demonstrated half-lives of 118, 85, 134, and 318 min vs. 12 min for the
      parent peptide. A pseudopeptide analog with additional D-Ala2 protection had a
      half-life of greater than 1000 min, while the potent [D-Ala2]-leucine enkephalin
      analog showed approximately a 10-fold increase in stability. The significant
      increase in stability for a compound with protection only at the C-terminus
      suggests that serum enzymes may have greater specificity toward backbone changes
      than previously realized.

PMID- 4034414
TI  - Characterization of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat pancreas.
AB  - Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay were
      used to characterize alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-like
      peptides in rat pancreas. Relative to synthetic alpha-MSH standards, serial
      dilutions of pancreas extracts showed parallel and concentration dependent
      displacement of (125I) alpha-MSH from alpha-MSH antibody. Chromatographic
      separation revealed immunoreactive material coeluting with synthetic N,O-diacetyl
      alpha-MSH, which accounted for 78% of total alpha-MSH materials in this tissue.
      The remainder of immunoreactive alpha-MSH coeluted with synthetic alpha-MSH,
      desacetyl alpha-MSH, or their methionine sulfoxides. In contrast with anterior
      pituitary, it appears that biosynthetic processing of alpha-MSH from pro
      opiomelanocortin (POMC) may be similar in rat pancreas and pituitary intermediate
      lobe, since their relative alpha-MSH immunoreactive elution profiles were
      similar. These findings support the hypothesis of tissue specific regulation of
      biosynthetic processing of POMC.

PMID- 4034415
TI  - Unique cholecystokinin peptides isolated from guinea pig intestine.
AB  - Fractionation on Sephadex G50 gel of methanol extracts of guinea pig intestine
      reveals two molecular forms of cholecystokinin (CCK) of about equal abundance.
      One elutes at the position of CCK8 while the other elutes at a position
      intermediate between CCK33 and CCK8. Purification and sequencing of these
      peptides identify them as CCK8 and CCK22, respectively. Guinea pig CCK8 differs
      from other mammalian CCK octapeptides isolated thus far in that there is a valine
      substituted for methionine at position 6 from the C-terminus. In addition to the
      substitution in CCK8, serine is substituted for asparagine in position 22,
      glycine for serine in position 19, and asparagine for serine in position 15 from
      the C-terminus compared to the pig sequence. HPLC separation on a C18 column
      yields two peaks each of CCK8 and of CCK22 in pig intestinal tissue obtained from
      a commercial supplier. The two CCK8 peptides have identical amino acid sequences
      as do the two CCK22 peptides. The CCK22 peptides are equally bioactive in the
      guinea pig pancreatic acinar cell assay but are about 10-fold less potent than
      synthetic CCK8(s). One of the guinea pig CCK8 peptides is fully bioactive whereas
      the other is about 50-fold less potent compared to synthetic CCK8(s).

PMID- 4034416
TI  - Treatment of mouse carcinomas with intratumoral injections of hematoporphyrin
      derivative and red light.
AB  - Hairless mice with subcutaneously transplanted Lewis Lung carcinomas were used to
      study the effects of treatments with hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD)
      administered by intratumoral injection, followed by exposure to red light. A
      tumor cure rate of 70-90% was obtained following a single treatment. The
      therapeutic response increased with increasing HPD doses and light fluences. At a
      certain dose a plateau seemed to be reached, where further dose increase only
      gave a limited gain in treatment response. A narrow range seems to exist between
      beginning therapeutic response and frank necrotic destruction. The number of mice
      that died after treatment increased with increase in tumor size, and there was a
      correspondence between the time of death and the severity of the phototoxic
      reactions. The best therapeutic response was obtained when the irradiation was
      performed 1/2-1 h after injection, and with tumors less than 6-8 mm in diameter.

PMID- 4034417
TI  - Lack of photorecovery of ultraviolet erythema in human skin.

PMID- 4034418
TI  - Phytophotodermatitis due to ficus carica.

PMID- 4034419
TI  - Occupational photosensitivity to dinitrotoluene.

PMID- 4034420
TI  - Multiform skin eruptions with photodistribution in patients with tularemia.

PMID- 4034421
TI  - A study of compositae plant extract reactions in photosensitivity dermatitis.
AB  - In subjects with chronic photosensitivity of the photosensitivity
      dermatitis/actinic reticuloid type the persistent reaction of the skin appears to
      be due to a number of factors, including those of contact allergic sensitivity
      and of photosensitivity (i.e., phototoxicity and/or photoallergy). The assessment
      of the relevant importance of these factors can be complicated by the reactivity
      of the skin resulting in false positive responses from skin patch and photopatch
      testing. Moreover, difficulties may also arise in the assessment of the results
      using commercially available patch test materials. However, the study described
      here indicated that, provided the reactivity of the skin is suppressed prior to
      investigation, reliable results are obtained from photopatch testing and that
      these results are similar whether the extract is from a commercial source or has
      been obtained from locally grown Compositae plants. Also, that although there may
      be a photoallergic component in the cutaneous photosensitivity, the results of
      the in vivo and in vitro studies reported here indicate the likely involvement of
      phototoxicity as well.

PMID- 4034422
TI  - How to avoid phototoxic reactions in photopatch testing with chlorpromazine.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration, vehicle, and UVA
      dose suitable for avoiding phototoxic reactions while revealing photoallergic
      reactions to chlorpormazine (CPZ) in photopatch testing. Photopatch tests were
      performed on 27 volunteers with CPZ concentrations between 0.05% and 1% in water
      or Plastibase with UVA doses of 4 or 7 J/cm2. Photopatch tests were also carried
      out on 1 patient with photoallergic contact dermatitis to CPZ and an increased
      UVA sensitivity. The same concentration of CPZ caused phototoxic reactions less
      frequently and less intensely in Plastibase than in water. The minimal phototoxic
      concentration of CPZ in Plastibase was 0.5% after irradiation with 4 J/cm2 and
      0.1% after irradiation with 7 J/cm2. In the patient with photoallergy to CPZ, a
      photoallergic reaction was elicited after 0.1% CPZ in Plastibase and a UVA dose
      of 2 J/cm2. In testing photoallergic reactions to CPZ a concentration of 0.1% in
      Plastibase and a UVA dose of 4 J/cm2 or less should be used.

PMID- 4034423
TI  - [Late sequelae of cervical spine injuries].

PMID- 4034424
TI  - [Locomotive capacity of patients with spinal cord injuries in the thoraco-lumbar
      segment].

PMID- 4034425
TI  - [Pathomechanical analysis of body posture in 11-year-old girls].

PMID- 4034426
TI  - [Post-traumatic myositis ossificans].

PMID- 4034427
TI  - [First aid and transportation of patients with cranio-cerebral injuries].

PMID- 4034428
TI  - Pathology at the crossroads.

PMID- 4034429
TI  - Ocular myopathies.
AB  - Ocular myopathies are manifested by primary and progressive involvement of
      extraocular muscles. In most cases of involvement of extra-ocular muscles a
      biopsy from somatic muscles studied by histochemistry and electron microscopy
      permits to make the diagnosis of the underlying condition. The two main clinico
      pathological types of ocular myopathies are the oculocraniosomatic syndrome
      (Kearns-Sayre syndrome) and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. The
      oculocraniosomatic syndrome is a multisystemic disorder and its histopathological
      hallmark is the presence of ragged-red muscle fibres which contain aggregates of
      abnormal mitochondria, often with paracrystalline inclusions. In the
      oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy are observed muscle fibres with rimmed
      vacuoles and intranuclear tubular filamentous inclusions about 8.5 nm in external
      diameter. The rimmed vacuoles may occur in other muscle diseases but the
      intranuclear inclusions appear to be specific for oculopharyngeal muscular
      dystrophy. Their nature is unknown.

PMID- 4034430
TI  - Histological and autoradiographic study on development of group III lesion
      (dysplasia grade III) in the stomach.
AB  - In order to elucidate the biological behaviour of the Group III lesion of the
      stomach, morphogenesis of the lesion was studied from cell kinetic point of view.
      In most Group III lesions, the proliferative cell zones were found at the upper
      third level of the mucosa, whereas they were confined to the middle third and to
      the lower third level in the normal pyloric and in the intestinalized mucosa,
      respectively. The smallest Group III lesion was a single gland dysplasia, in
      which the Group III cells were confined to the middle level of the mucosa. These
      findings suggested that the Group III lesion must be a change initiated in the
      neck stem cells of the pyloric mucosa as is the case in the intestinal
      metaplasia. The Group III cells arising at the neck region surge upwards and then
      accumulate in the upper part of the foveola to form an aberrant proliferative
      focus from which a lesion develops by budding. This morphogenesis manifests an
      adenomatous nature of the lesion. However, there was apparently a spectrum of
      cytological and histological abnormalities which varied from the lesions which
      might be considered to be a kind of intestinalized tubule, to the typical Group
      III lesion. Some Group III lesions imitating the intestinal metaplasia contained
      the proliferative cell zones at the middle level of the mucosa, indicating that a
      group of the dysplastic tubules arose zonally, not from a single gland. This
      morphogenesis reflects a metaplastic nature of the lesion. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4034431
TI  - Morphology and histochemistry of the mucosa surrounding small oligotubular
      adenomas of the large bowel.
AB  - The transitional mucosa surrounding adenomas and carcinomas of the large bowel is
      characterized by a reversion of mucus secretion from sulphomucin to sialomucin
      and a hyperplasia of crypts and epithelial cells. The specificity of this
      phenomenon is still a controversial issue. Therefore we studied 72 oligotubular
      adenomas of the large bowel and the adjacent mucosa by means of histochemistry
      and morphometry. The peak of sialomucin production is found within the crypts
      immediately adjacent to the adenoma, whereas the more distant crypts secrete
      less. The cellular diameter and the depth of the crypts behave in a similar
      manner, they decrease with increasing distance from the adenoma, still being much
      higher than in the normal mucosa. The crypt depth correlates well to sialomucin
      production. The existence of the transitional mucosa around small oligotubular
      adenomas may indicate, that this mucosal change is not merely secondary to the
      presence of carcinoma but may be of importance as a precursor lesion of
      neoplastic changes of the colon and rectum.

PMID- 4034432
TI  - Association between mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer) in rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The relative contact area between rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of
      hepatocytes in newborn to 27 months old rats is described by morphometric
      methods. The contact area decreases from 52.62% to 27.46% of the mitochondrial
      surface between newborn and rats being 27 months old. However, there is an
      increase in the contact area per hepatocytic cytoplasm and in the fraction of rer
      in contact with mitochondria during the first days post partum.

PMID- 4034433
TI  - GFAP in brain tumor diagnosis: possibilities and limitations.
AB  - Investigation of GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) in 175 brain tumours
      showed varying amounts of fibrillary acidic protein in every glioma. In ependymal
      and oligodendroglial tumours a high number of positive neoplastic elements were
      detected, GFAP positive were also the peri-vascular cells of a so-called
      astroblastoma. In pilocytic astrocytomas, Rosenthal fibers were in part GFAP
      positive, in part negative. In giant cells gliomas, giant cells were GFAP
      negative or weakly positive. Intraleptomeningeal growing tumour cells presented
      usually a very strong positivity. In 8 recurring oligodendrogliomas, the number
      of GFAP positive tumour cells was the same in the primary tumour and in its
      recurrence. These results demonstrate that GFAP is not a specific astrocytic, but
      a glial-specific protein. Although GFAP is usually present in greater
      concentration in differentiated, slow growing gliomas, absolute reliable
      predictions on biological behaviour of the individual tumour are not possible,
      because a high GFAP content can be detected also in malignant tumours. GFAP
      investigation does not seem reliable for solving the pathogenetic problems of
      undifferentiated tumours: the results obtained in 50 medulloblastomas showed that
      the investigation of small tumour samples or the positivity of a single cell are
      inadequate data for a correct evaluation of the findings, especially bearing in
      mind that GFAP of degenerated astrocytes can be phagocytised by other cells,
      these findings giving rise to misinterpretations.

PMID- 4034435
TI  - Tumor, abscess or encephalitis?

PMID- 4034434
TI  - What's new in Osmosin and intestinal perforation?
AB  - New formulations of drugs may have unexpected side effects. Osmosin is a new
      osmotic-pump controlled-release formulation of Indomethacin, designed to prevent
      gastrointestinal irritation. However, in a small number of cases the use of
      Osmosin has coincided with perforation of the small and large intestine, probably
      because passage of the tablet through the gastrointestinal tract was impeded.

PMID- 4034436
TI  - Collagenous colitis.
AB  - A clinical and morphological description of "collagenous colitis" with reference
      to own cases is given. The disease presents with watery diarrhoea and abdominal
      pain in middle aged subjects, mostly women. Clinical and laboratory findings are
      normal. In colo-rectal biopsies there is a severe thickening of the so called
      "collagen table" in the superficial inter-cryptal lamina propria. Ultrastructural
      examination shows bandlike subepithelial collagenous fibrils of types I and III.
      The etiology of this lesion in the large bowel is hitherto unknown. The clinical
      course seems to be rather benign, requiring only symptomatic treatment.

PMID- 4034437
TI  - A search for a model of experimental atherosclerosis: comparative studies in
      rabbits, guinea pigs and rats.
AB  - Rabbits, guinea pigs and rats received for 3 months a high lipid diet containing
      coconut oil and cholesterol, separately or in combination. The blood lipid
      content was assayed. Lipoproteins were separated into fractions by agarose
      electrophoresis. The aorta, heart and liver were investigated macro- and
      microscopically. The most pronounced changes in lipid metabolism appeared as a
      consequence of combined administration of coconut oil and cholesterol; they were
      most expressed in rabbits, less in guinea pigs, and most weakly in rats. Typical
      atherosclerotic lesions were observed only in rabbit's aorta. They were
      accompanied by a marked depression of the percentage content of alpha
      lipoproteins in blood serum.

PMID- 4034438
TI  - Synthesis of alpha-aminomethyl derivatives of beta-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-one.
AB  - beta-Phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-one-alpha-carboxylic acid 1 was transformed in the
      Mannich reaction into alpha-aminomethyl derivatives of beta-phenyltetrahydrofuran
      2-one 2-6. The obtained alpha-aminomethyllactones, in reaction of ammono- and
      hydrazinolysis yield alpha-aminomethyl-beta-phenyl gamma-hydroxybutyric acid
      derivatives 7-12. Compounds 4, 5, 8, 9, and 10 depress the central nervous
      system, and compound 12 shows analgesic properties.

PMID- 4034439
TI  - Benign isolated histiocytosis mimicking chicken pox in a neonate: report of two
      cases with ultrastructural study.
AB  - Two cases of benign isolated cutaneous histiocytosis X in newborn infants are
      reported. Clinically, the lesions mimicked chicken pox, and the histologic
      findings in skin biopsies were indistinguishable from those described in
      infantile Letterer-Siwe disease. Electron microscopy showed Langerhans' cells
      with the classical trilaminar, racket-shaped granules. Our cases a well as 10 of
      the 21 previously reported cases showed spontaneous resolution of the skin
      lesions. Since this is a benign spontaneous resolving histiocytosis, we recommend
      that no therapy be given provided that no other signs of systemic involvement are
      found.

PMID- 4034440
TI  - Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: report of four cases in two families
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Four cases of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) from two families
      with first cousins affected in family and siblings in another are presented. The
      pathological findings, including neuropathology, transmission (TEM), and scanning
      electron microscopy (SEM), are discussed. This is the first study of this
      condition to include TEM and SEM. One hundred and fifty-nine cases from the
      literature, including the author's four cases, are reviewed. The familial
      occurrence in 116 instances in sibships and consanguinity in 13 of the 73
      families support autosomal-recessive inheritance. In five families there were
      affected first cousins--an observation not readily explained by autosomal
      recessive transmission. We suggest that the genetic aspects of FHL be more fully
      explored and that in future cases parents and other relatives be included in the
      hematologic, immunologic, and genetic evaluation.

PMID- 4034441
TI  - [The methods and possibilities of studying experimental radiation injuries of the
      digestive tract].

PMID- 4034442
TI  - Otitis externa. A common, often self-inflicted condition.
AB  - Otitis externa can be caused by trauma to the ear canal, skin disorders, and
      viral and bacterial infections. Often the disease is self-inflicted; insertion of
      an object into the canal in an attempt to clean the ear interferes with the ear's
      own cleansing mechanism and causes inflammation and infection. Swimmers, persons
      who wear a hearing aid, and persons who have had an ear disorder are especially
      prone to infection and may need to take special precautions. Appropriate
      treatment, including instillation of drops, cleansing of the canal, and drug
      therapy, usually prevents recurrence. Surgical intervention may be necessary to
      enlarge a tiny canal or remove exostoses and osteomas. A rare form of otitis
      externa is "malignant" external otitis, which usually affects diabetic patients
      and has a high mortality.

PMID- 4034444
TI  - Mitral valve reconstruction. An underused alternative to replacement.

PMID- 4034443
TI  - Aspirin sensitivity in asthmatics. When may this drug be safe?

PMID- 4034445
TI  - Contraception for the adolescent.
AB  - The primary care physician is in an excellent position to counsel adolescents
      about contraception. However, an adequate understanding of the biologic and
      psychosocial development of this particular age-group is imperative. In addition,
      communication skills are necessary to advise adolescents on use of
      contraceptives. The goal in counseling the adolescent about sexuality is to
      instill a sense of sexual responsibility and to provide individualized
      instruction in selecting the appropriate birth control method. General factors to
      remember in selecting the proper method include motivation, moral-ethical
      responsibility, frequency of intercourse, side effects of the various
      contraceptive methods, and patient's preference.

PMID- 4034447
TI  - Space-age snake oil. Obesity and consumer fraud.

PMID- 4034446
TI  - Adult-onset muscle weakness. How to identify the underlying cause.
AB  - When adults present with muscle weakness as the predominant symptom and sign, the
      causes can usually be narrowed down to four disorders: amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and inflammatory myopathy.
      Perhaps the most difficult task for the clinician is identifying which of these
      patients are actually weak and which are describing generalized fatigue. This
      task should be made easier by keeping in mind the definition of muscle weakness-
      a loss of power resulting in reduction of motor function--and by performing
      careful functional muscle testing.

PMID- 4034448
TI  - Don't overlook 'little' things.

PMID- 4034449
TI  - Flexible sigmoidoscopy for screening in primary practice. A key to improved
      survival in colon cancer.
AB  - Numerous recommendations have been made in recent years regarding periodic
      screening for colon disease, specifically cancer. Early detection and treatment
      are essential for improved survival rates, and patient education is the key to
      success. Important factors in a screening test are reasonable cost and ease of
      performance. Testing for fecal occult blood fulfills these requisites but lacks
      specificity. Digital rectal examination should be done regularly but has
      limitations. Because flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy has a high acceptance
      rate, low complication rate, and high yield and is relatively easy to perform,
      this procedure should be in the diagnostic armamentarium of all primary care
      physicians. Results of 129 flexible sigmoidoscopies performed by primary care
      physicians at Scripps Clinic indicate the usefulness of this procedure as a
      screening test for colon cancer.

PMID- 4034450
TI  - Cancer surveillance. Who stands to benefit?
AB  - Currently, surveillance or risk-oriented follow-up of patients in the individual
      practice setting may be the most efficacious means of reducing the morbidity and
      mortality associated with selected types of cancer. Intervention into
      carcinogenesis or alteration of the natural history of cancer requires a clear
      understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and patient acceptance of
      interval surveillance. Because etiologic information and patient compliance are
      frequently limited, careful scrutiny of recommendations for cancer screening or
      prevention is essential. It is through taking detailed family, occupational, and
      carcinogen-exposure histories and doing a thorough physical examination that the
      primary care physician can best utilize information regarding the risk of cancer
      and the benefits of available methods of prevention and treatment.

PMID- 4034451
TI  - Ocular and oral problems in arthritis. How to recognize, when to refer.
AB  - Recognition of oral and ocular problems is important in the management of
      arthritis. Although the focus of attention is usually on joint problems, patients
      with these chronic disorders require a comprehensive approach to their total
      medical care. Physicians need to watch for physical signs of significant
      inflammation and should alert their patients to watch for significant symptoms.

PMID- 4034452
TI  - Drug abuse in adolescents. When to intervene, how to help.
AB  - Abuse of alcohol and other drugs by adolescents is a major societal problem. For
      many adolescents, drug use signals departure from childhood and acceptance by
      peers. Diagnosis is often difficult and depends on a high index of suspicion and
      an understanding of the typical clinical and psychological course of drug use.
      Family involvement in treatment is vital and directly affects recovery rates of
      adolescent drug abusers. An effective treatment program insists on abstinence,
      and peer group involvement is extremely valuable. Careful follow-up is essential
      to prevent or detect relapse.

PMID- 4034453
TI  - Bureaucracy in medicine. Is there an alternative.

PMID- 4034454
TI  - Oncologic emergencies in primary care. Five malignancy-associated conditions to
      watch for.
AB  - Acute problems requiring emergency management may occur in association with
      malignancy. The most common are superior vena cava syndrome, compression of the
      spinal cord or cauda equina, hypercalcemia, tumor lysis syndrome, and fever in
      the neutropenic patient. Successful management requires that the physician be
      aware of the potential for such an emergency in a cancer patient and give
      priority to treatment, based on clinical evidence and a few essential studies,
      over definitive diagnosis.

PMID- 4034455
TI  - Nerve blocks and chronic pain states--an update. 1. Basic considerations.
AB  - Appreciation of the extremely complex nature of pain has resulted, regrettably,
      in diminished use of nerve blocking to manage chronic pain states. Nevertheless,
      clinical use of these time-honored techniques remains popular in clinical
      anesthesia for surgery, in obstetrics, and in the control of pathogenic pain
      resulting from injury or disease. Patients with chronic pain are best assessed by
      cross-matched analysis of medical, emotional, and social factors.

PMID- 4034456
TI  - Nerve blocks and chronic pain states--an update. 2. Clinical indications.
AB  - With the unfortunate exception of the differential spinal block, diagnostic nerve
      blocking has become somewhat obsolete with the development of newer, more
      sophisticated diagnostic technology. Therapeutic nerve blocks remain useful in
      treating patients with various terminal cancers, some forms of back pain, tic
      douloreux, causalgia, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and many trigger point
      syndromes. For dysfunctional and pain-disabled patients (rated as class 1 or 3 on
      Emory Pain Estimate Model), block therapy must be structured in comprehensive
      pain rehabilitation programs.

PMID- 4034457
TI  - Non-invasive assessment of early cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with wide spectrum organ involvement of progressive
      systemic sclerosis but without signs or symptoms suggestive of cardiac
      involvement were studied by non-invasive cardiac techniques. The 12-lead
      electrocardiogram showed abnormalities in 6 patients: one had abnormal T waves
      and 5 had complete or incomplete right bundle branch block. Twenty-four hour
      ambulatory electrocardiography demonstrated higher average heart rates than in
      similar aged controls (82 +/- 9 vs 74 +/- 9 beats/min, P less than 0.05). In one
      patient a short run of ventricular tachycardia was recorded. No other significant
      arrhythmia was documented. Echocardiographic measurements were within normal
      ranges but small pericardial effusions were observed in two patients (7%).
      Resting first pass radionuclide angiography, utilizing 12 mCi of technetium 99m
      were performed in 23 patients. Seven patients (30%) had abnormal wall motion
      (diffuse hypokinesia), with a significant decrease in ejection fraction in
      comparison to those with normal wall motion (44 +/- 6% vs 60 +/- 6% P less than
      0.01). Those with abnormal wall motion had suffered the disease longer than those
      with normal wall motion (13 +/- 4 vs 9.5 +/- 7 y). In conclusion, the heart is
      involved in half of the patients in this series; non-invasive cardiac assessment
      is useful in disclosing the early cardiac involvement and may influence long-term
      management.

PMID- 4034458
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum in myelodysplasia and acute leukaemia.
AB  - Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare occurrence in patients with haematological
      malignancy. This characteristic but nonspecific inflammatory process with skin
      destruction occurred in 4 patients with myelodysplasia, in one with acute
      leukaemic transformation of myelofibrosis, and in de novo acute myeloblastic
      leukaemia in another. Clinically, the cutaneous lesion in these patients differed
      from that associated with inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, or the
      idiopathic type of pyoderma gangrenosum by having the vesiculo-bullous borders.
      Histopathological differences were also evident since more superficial layers of
      the skin were involved in the ulceration than typically encountered in patients
      with non-malignant systemic disease. Despite the less penetrating nature of this
      variant, treatment of the pyoderma gangrenosum is unsatisfactory and in the
      absence of effective therapy for the underlying disease, healing occurred only in
      the patient with acute leukaemia who achieved complete remission in response to
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 4034459
TI  - Benign gastric ulceration in a health district: incidence and presentation.
AB  - In a survey of benign gastric ulceration conducted in the Hounslow Health
      District from 1981 to 1982, there was an annual incidence for this condition of
      43.6 per 100,000 of the population older than 14 y, with a male:female ratio of
      0.9:1. This incidence is comparable to that found in other surveys over the last
      30 y, but the male:female ratio is lower than in the past. This reduction is
      accounted for by a rise in the peak age incidence for gastric ulcer, particularly
      in women, and a greater proportion of the total population in this higher age
      group being women. In spite of a large local Asian population, no gastric ulcers
      occurred in this ethnic group. Thirty-eight per cent of the patients presented
      with acute bleeding, and 44% of these bleeders gave a history of previous
      ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs compared with only 14% of the
      non-bleeding group (P less than 0.015).

PMID- 4034460
TI  - The clinical value of Haemoccult and Fecatwin in the detection of colorectal
      neoplasia in hospital and general practice patients.
AB  - Four hundred and fifty asymptomatic general practice patients and 330 hospital
      inpatients had their stools tested for occult blood with the Haemoccult and
      Fecatwin methods. In general practice, 9/64 (14%) of patients with a positive
      result had a colonic neoplasm (three carcinomas, one Dukes' Stage A, two Dukes'
      Stage C, six adenomas) and in hospital 12/142 patients (8%) were found to have
      colonic tumours, (nine carcinomas, two Dukes' Stage A, two Dukes' Stage B, five
      Dukes' Stage C and three adenomas). The overall detection rates for colonic
      neoplasia were 2% in general practice and 3.4% in hospital. In 2 years of follow
      up, none of the general practice patients have presented with colonic symptoms.
      Two hospital patients with colonic carcinomas produced negative tests with both
      methods. Out of the total of 21 colonic neoplasms, nine were detected by Fecatwin
      alone, but this trend in favour of the more sensitive test did not reach the 5%
      level of statistical significance. In contrast, the number of false positive
      results were significantly greater with Fecatwin than Haemoccult. From our data
      it would appear that the Fecatwin method warrants assessment in a full controlled
      trial of its value as a population screening test for colonic cancer.

PMID- 4034461
TI  - Clinical diagnosis: a post-mortem assessment of accuracy in the 1980s.
AB  - The clinical diagnoses of a series of 400 patients dying in hospital were
      compared with the pathological findings at autopsy. The clinical diagnoses were
      precisely confirmed in only 46.75% of cases (average age 65.3 y). Potentially
      treatable disease was missed in 13% of patients (average age 72.7 y). The most
      frequent errors, both of under-diagnosis and over-diagnosis, were for pulmonary
      embolus, pneumonia and myocardial infarction. Over-diagnosis increased with
      length of hospital stay. Peritonitis and other deep-seated sepsis were
      surprisingly frequently missed in life. The findings closely parallel those from
      other units both in Britain and overseas, and suggest that there is currently a
      high diagnostic error rate, which varies remarkably little from one institution
      to another.

PMID- 4034462
TI  - Pseudo-phaeochromocytoma due to alcohol withdrawal.
AB  - Alcohol withdrawal hypertension is a common clinical problem which often goes
      unrecognized. We report a case in which the symptoms and signs of withdrawal with
      a marked elevation in blood pressure mimicked the features of a
      phaeochromocytoma. Despite a positive phentolamine test no further evidence for
      phaeochromocytoma was found and both blood pressure and symptoms settled as the
      features of alcohol withdrawal abated.

PMID- 4034463
TI  - Diaphragmatic myasthenia in mother and child.
AB  - A 28 year old patient with ocular myasthenia for 2 y gave birth to a baby with
      diaphragmatic weakness. Following delivery the mother developed severe weakness
      of the diaphragm and required assisted ventilation. The baby recovered
      spontaneously and the mother responded to treatment with plasma exchange and
      immunosuppression. Neither mother nor baby responded to anticholinergic drugs and
      in neither serum were acetyl choline receptor antibodies detected.

PMID- 4034465
TI  - Anti-arthritic propionic acid derivatives and 17-oxosteroid measurements--a
      direct interference.
AB  - Many drugs interfere with the assay of urinary 17-oxo and oxogenic steroids. Some
      propionic acid derivatives, in particular, tiaprofenic acid, have now been shown
      to affect this assay. Care should be taken when interpreting results in patients
      on these drugs.

PMID- 4034464
TI  - Bilateral primary malignant lymphoma of the breast.
AB  - A rare case of bilateral primary malignant lymphoma of breast in a 76 year old
      woman is presented. The lesion was examined by electron microscopy and
      immunochemistry. The diagnosis of primary malignant lymphoma remains a diagnosis
      by exclusion and requires extensive work-up to exclude widespread malignant
      process. The behaviour of this malignancy tends to be an aggressive one and the
      prognosis is generally poor.

PMID- 4034466
TI  - Reversibility of acute renal failure in elderly patients with the nephrotic
      syndrome.
AB  - Acute renal failure may occur in the nephrotic syndrome due to minor glomerular
      changes, especially in the elderly. We describe five cases and review the
      literature. Previous renal damage due to ischaemia and drugs may be important in
      pathogenesis. We stress the importance of active management of these cases, as
      the renal lesions are reversible and recovery can be expected.

PMID- 4034468
TI  - Remission of life-long atopic dermatitis after hyposensitisation to house dust
      mite.

PMID- 4034467
TI  - Fetal heart rate variation with umbilical haematoma.
AB  - Umbilical cord haematoma is an infrequent condition associated with high
      perinatal and fetal mortality and morbidity. This report describes a rare case of
      umbilical cord haematoma associated with loss of fetal beat to beat variation
      during labour. The infant exhibited mild asphyxia only. Previous publications are
      reviewed and fetal heart rate changes associated with umbilical cord haematoma
      are discussed.

PMID- 4034469
TI  - Stroke patients successfully rehabilitated.

PMID- 4034470
TI  - Screening for thyroid disorders in general practice.

PMID- 4034471
TI  - Child consultation rates in service families. A comparison with civilians.

PMID- 4034472
TI  - Bronchodilator therapy in general practice--what are the problems?

PMID- 4034473
TI  - Treatment of psoriasis in general practice with short contact dithranol.

PMID- 4034474
TI  - Experience with microcomputers in general practice.

PMID- 4034475
TI  - Patient and doctor preferences in the treatment of vaginal candidosis.

PMID- 4034476
TI  - Normal pressure hydrocephalus.

PMID- 4034477
TI  - Occupational photodermatitis from parsley.

PMID- 4034478
TI  - Preparation for surgery: information tapes for the patient.

PMID- 4034479
TI  - Change of clinical attitude urged in hypertension.

PMID- 4034480
TI  - Practice nurses have important role in asthma.

PMID- 4034481
TI  - An unusual presentation of acute appendicitis.

PMID- 4034482
TI  - Preconception care.

PMID- 4034483
TI  - Computers in obstetrics.

PMID- 4034484
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of genetic disease.

PMID- 4034485
TI  - The present position on in vitro fertilisation.

PMID- 4034486
TI  - A treatment of herpes zoster.

PMID- 4034487
TI  - [Cardiac therapy in acute pneumonia].

PMID- 4034488
TI  - [Trainability of respiratory muscles in patients with obstructive respiratory
      tract diseases].

PMID- 4034489
TI  - [Comparative study of the work of breathing and airway resistance].

PMID- 4034490
TI  - [Clinico-pharmacologic aspects of prescribing theophylline-containing
      preparations].

PMID- 4034491
TI  - [Occurrence of bronchial obstruction in asthma patients immediately following
      administration of timolol-containing eyedrops].

PMID- 4034492
TI  - [Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis of the lung].

PMID- 4034493
TI  - [Families with psychosomatically ill children. Study of family dynamics in
      bronchial asthma and ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 4034494
TI  - [The colitis family in the Rorschach Test].

PMID- 4034495
TI  - [Treatment of mother and child. The neurotic index group].

PMID- 4034496
TI  - [Unresolved grief in colitis and asthma families. A contribution to a 3
      generation perspective].

PMID- 4034497
TI  - [Statements of parents about their children. Comparative study based on results
      of 2 questionnaires (Diagnostic Parent Questionnaire and Giessen Questionnaire
      for Parents in Clinical Complaints) on the development of the children and their
      current behavior].

PMID- 4034498
TI  - [Psychoanalysis and family dynamics].

PMID- 4034499
TI  - [Families with a child ill with colitis or asthma in the initial psychoanalytic
      consultation and the family Rorschach Test].

PMID- 4034500
TI  - [Development of a family evaluation questionnaire].

PMID- 4034501
TI  - [Children in family therapy. System theoretical and psychoanalytic reflections].

PMID- 4034502
TI  - [Development of psychosomatic disease. Status of research and expectations of
      family psychosomatization].

PMID- 4034503
TI  - [Significance of historical family research for family therapy].

PMID- 4034504
TI  - [Family dynamics in a case of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4034505
TI  - [Introduction to inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric treatment by the
      initial family interview].

PMID- 4034506
TI  - [Psychotherapy of puberal anorexia nervosa from the viewpoint of cognitive
      theories].

PMID- 4034507
TI  - [Coping behavior in children with encopresis].

PMID- 4034508
TI  - An apparatus for the concentration of large volumes of dilute protein solutions
      to a predetermined volume.
AB  - An apparatus was designed and manufactured that can be used for the concentration
      of large quantities of dilute protein solutions to a predetermined volume. The
      method is based on the osmotic transfer of water to a concentrated hydrophilic
      polymer (poly ethylene glycol, PEG) through a protein-stopping dialysis membrane
      and is a refinement of a method previously reported by van Oss. The apparatus is
      made of perspex. Concentration takes place through a commercially available
      dialysis tube and is aided by a 40% polyethylene glycol solution. Large volumes
      (5l) of dilute protein solution could be reduced to 50 ml at a rate of 30 ml per
      hour with no significant loss in biological activity.

PMID- 4034509
TI  - Biosynthetic incorporation of cis-parinaric acid into radioactive sn-3
      phosphatidic acid.
AB  - Isolated guinea pig liver microsomal membranes catalyzed the incorporation of
      naturally occurring cis-parinaric acid into sn-3-[U-14C]glycerophosphate. This
      resulted in the formation of sn-3-[14C](parinaroyl)phosphatidic acid, which was
      isolated by Chelex-100 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and further
      purified by Sephadex-G 25. The sn-3-[14C](parinaroyl)phosphatidic acid thus
      obtained exhibited absorption and fluorescence spectra substantially different
      from the cis-parinaric acid. Distribution of the incorporated cis-parinaric acid
      between the hydroxyl groups of biosynthesized sn-3-[14C]phosphatidic acid was
      determined by degradation with Crotalus adamanteus venom. This established that
      the major portion of the incorporated cis-parinaric acid esterified the secondary
      hydroxyl group in the sn-3-[14C]phosphatidic acid, while the primary hydroxyl
      group was esterified to a significantly lesser degree. The similarity between the
      biochemical incorporation of isomeric doxyl stearic acids into lipids of
      biological membranes and that of cis-parinaric acid into sn-3-phosphatidic acid
      described in this communication are discussed in relation to the possible use of
      these probes in studies of intact biological membranes.

PMID- 4034510
TI  - Alcohol consumption and blood pressure: analysis of data from the Canada Health
      Survey.
AB  - Recent epidemiologic studies report a significant association between alcohol
      consumption and elevations in both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood
      pressures. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a multivariate analysis of
      physical examination and other data on 721 men and 697 women aged 20 or more
      collected during the Canada Health Survey in 1978-1979. SBP and DBP were
      considered as separate dependent variables in multiple regression models with the
      following independent variables: age, alcohol consumption (measured as a 7-day
      recall history and as an average frequency of consumption), serum cholesterol,
      plasma glucose, physical activity, Quetelet index, parental history of
      hypertension, cigarette consumption, income, education, and exogenous hormonal
      use in women. In both weighted and unweighted multiple regression analyses, we
      could not demonstrate for either sex, a significant association between alcohol
      consumption (as recorded and following quadratic and logarithmic transformations)
      and either SBP or DBP. For both sexes, only age and Quetelet index were highly
      significantly (P less than 0.0001) and consistently associated with both SBP and
      DBP. No other independent variables were consistently associated, for either sex,
      with SBP and DBP. Further, the dose-response patterns noted by other
      investigators suggesting either a positive and linear relationship or a
      curvilinear relationship were not found in either our univariate or multivariate
      analyses. Rather, the alcohol-blood pressure curves showed no consistent patterns
      of any kind in either sex. These findings do not support recent claims that
      alcohol consumption is a determinant of elevations in either SBP or DBP.

PMID- 4034511
TI  - A hypertension treatment program at the workplace to complement community care.
AB  - A worksite hypertension control program was established for employees of the
      state of Maryland. Employees were screened for hypertension, and individuals
      identified as hypertensive were encouraged to seek care from community
      physicians. For those choosing not to seek such community care, a treatment
      program was initiated at the worksite. Of the 417 hypertensives identified, 54
      (13%) elected to have their blood pressure treated at the worksite. Comparisons
      between the group choosing worksite care and the group choosing community care
      revealed that the worksite group was generally a higher risk group by virtue of
      having less awareness of their hypertension, being less likely to be on
      antihypertensive treatment, and being less likely to have their hypertension
      controlled by medication. This group made relatively little use of community
      physicians. Increases in hypertension treatment and control were greater in the
      worksite group after a 2-year follow-up examination. The project suggests an
      important role for worksite treatment programs for hypertension as a complement
      to existing community care.

PMID- 4034512
TI  - Personality as a moderator of the effects of cigarette smoking on coronary risk.
AB  - This study pursues an earlier investigation by G. D. Friedman et al. [Prev. Med.
      12, 533-540 (1983)] which reported that a group of psychological questions
      moderated the effects of cigarette smoking on myocardial infarction. In a group
      of 65 smokers drawn from a study of 278 middle-aged men it is shown that, among
      smokers, the personality dimension entitled dependence/independence appears to
      have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between the amount
      smoked and the elevations of diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol,
      triglycerides, and uric acid. It is suggested that the moderating effects of this
      personality dimension, which is sometimes called "Promethean Will," and which
      appears similar to the concept of hardiness introduced by S. C. Kobasa [J. Pers.
      Soc. Psychol. 37, 1-11 (1979)] may be attributable to either the differential
      effect of coincident dietary behavior or variation in sympathetic response. It is
      noted that this type of investigation may provide greater insight into how
      cigarette smoking affects coronary risk, and it is suggested that a potentially
      interesting future investigation would examine whether, among smokers, such
      personality dimensions have associated dietary effects or might moderate the
      relationship between the amount smoked and catecholamine response.

PMID- 4034513
TI  - Multivariate evaluation of health attitudes and behaviors: development and
      validation of a method for health promotion research.
AB  - Many self-reported measures of health status, attitudes, and knowledge used by
      clinicians and researchers suffer from a variety of shortcomings, including
      limited empirical justification, excessive complexity, assessments of
      nonmodifiable historic or hereditary factors, and limited utility for public
      health program planning. The Health Attitudes and Behavior Scale is an instrument
      designed to overcome many of these shortcomings and direct public health
      professionals toward more efficacious interventions. One hundred sixty-four
      subjects responded to true-false and Likert scale items related to health
      beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral practices. A principal component analysis of
      the Likert items yielded six components, tentatively labeled (a) Lack of Social
      Support, (b) Hurdles to Health, (c) Health Attitudes/Weight Concerns, (d)
      Positive Environment, (e) Disease Concerns, and (f) Time and Work Pressure.
      Analyses of these scales using coefficient alpha indicated adequate internal
      consistency for each of them. These scales were then related to demographic
      variables of age, educational level, sex, and marital status. Next, these scales
      were correlated with individual true-false items reflecting self-reported
      behavioral practices or health histories. A component analysis of the true-false
      items yielded four principal components labeled (a) Organizational Health
      Concerns, (b) Smoking and Exercise Concerns, (c) Coronary and Weight Concerns,
      and (d) Blood Pressure and Risk Factor Programs. Finally, a cluster analysis
      yielded six typical profiles reflecting different levels of the original six
      components. Of interest is the fact that the Lack of Social Support and Time and
      Work Pressure scales had a very limited integration into the overall patterns.
      The assumption that organizational and environmental factors can have an
      important impact on health was supported. The need for further research in this
      area is also discussed.

PMID- 4034514
TI  - Relative sensitivity of the fecal occult blood test and flexible sigmoidoscopy in
      detecting polyps.
AB  - A group of 1,002 male pattern and model makers, an occupational group at high
      risk for colorectal cancers, was screened for the presence of polyps and
      malignancies of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Flexible sigmoidoscopy and
      serial fecal occult blood testing were both performed on 988 of the participants,
      and 165 were found to have at least one colorectal polyp. Only 3% of all men with
      visualized polyps showed Hemoccult-positive stools. Only 2 (4%) of the 51 men
      with histologically proven adenomatous polyps were Hemoccult positive.
      Adenomatous polyps of 1 cm or greater in diameter are malignant 8% of the time.
      This study concludes that the fecal occult blood test sensitivity in detecting
      colorectal polyps is unacceptably low. It should be supplemented by more rigorous
      procedures, especially in populations at high risk for colorectal cancer.

PMID- 4034515
TI  - An epidemiologic study of the carpal tunnel syndrome in an adult female
      population.
AB  - The relationships between certain reproductive, demographic, and medical
      variables and the carpal tunnel syndrome were examined using data from a hospital
      based case-control study of women ages 45 to 74 years in the New Haven and
      Hartford, Connecticut, areas from 1977 to 1979. Characteristics of 40 carpal
      tunnel syndrome cases and 1,043 controls from hospital surgical services were
      compared. A history of diabetes was associated with an increased frequency of
      occurrence of the carpal tunnel syndrome, a finding consistent with clinical
      observation. Recent weight gain and use of estrogen replacement therapy were
      identified as possible risk factors; this provides some support for the theory
      that fluid retention in the soft tissues of the carpal tunnel is etiologically
      involved, although these results are preliminary and further research must be
      carried out to refute or support these findings. The negative association of the
      carpal tunnel syndrome with height and a history of varicose veins and the
      positive association with age at menopause cannot be explained and need
      verification.

PMID- 4034516
TI  - Attitudes and practices of physicians regarding hypertension and smoking: The
      Stanford Five City Project.
AB  - A survey was sent to 318 physicians in Monterey County, California, to assess
      their attitudes and practices regarding hypertension and cigarette smoking. After
      three mailings, 62% returned completed questionnaires. Eight percent of the
      respondents were smokers, 5% were women, and 34% were in primary care
      specialties. Older physicians and primary care specialists were less aggressive
      in their treatment of high blood pressure, but none of the assessed attitudes was
      significantly associated with treatment practice. Only half of the sample advised
      all patients to quit smoking. Physicians who doubted the effectiveness of their
      anti-smoking advice or who did not know what to say to smoking patients were less
      likely to provide advice. Most physicians felt that their smoking patients lacked
      sufficient motivation to quit. Programs to encourage physicians to increase
      smoking cessation activities should address these attitudes.

PMID- 4034517
TI  - Cigarette smoking, tumor recurrence, and survival from bladder cancer.
AB  - Results are presented from an investigation into the effects of cigarette smoking
      on tumor recurrence and survival in a group of 302 patients with bladder cancer.
      A regression analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model was done to evaluate
      the effect of cigarette smoking status, stage of disease at diagnosis, histology,
      race, sex, and the patient's age at diagnosis on length of survival. Results
      showed that younger patients, those with less extensive disease, and those with
      transitional cell tumors showed the best survival. Cigarette smoking was
      unrelated to survival. The effects of cigarette smoking on tumor recurrence were
      examined in patients with localized disease. Smoking status was not associated
      with either recurrence-free survival or the number of tumor recurrences. These
      findings suggest that cigarette smoking is not an important prognostic factor for
      patients with bladder cancer.

PMID- 4034518
TI  - Health promotion at the worksite. I. A process for establishing programs.
AB  - A 14-step process for establishing health promotion programs at the worksite is
      described. During a period of 3 years, it has been used to establish 58 such
      programs in 12 small industries that employ 4,200 persons in a rural county in
      Pennsylvania. Few problems have been encountered; the most serious is the very
      limited record-keeping system of industries. The process is flexible and can be
      readily generalized to different settings. The major strengths of the process are
      the sense of ownership it gives to employees, and the modesty of its costs and
      the costs of the resulting programs.

PMID- 4034519
TI  - Morphological variations on the dorsal surface of the human tongue.

PMID- 4034520
TI  - [Role of the mandibular condyle in facial growth].

PMID- 4034521
TI  - [Flow rate, pH, and lactobacillus and yeast counts of stimulated whole saliva in
      adults].

PMID- 4034522
TI  - Presence of primary teeth in a series of Finnish children.

PMID- 4034523
TI  - Cephalometric comparisons of the cranial base and face in children with the
      Pierre Robin anomalad and isolated cleft palate.

PMID- 4034524
TI  - Anomalies in the deciduous dentition outside the cleft region in children with
      oral clefts.

PMID- 4034525
TI  - Histomorphological findings in dentine in nonlethal Osteogenesis imperfecta.

PMID- 4034526
TI  - The effects of atrial fibrillation on myocardial blood flow and energetics.
AB  - The changes produced by atrial fibrillation on myocardial blood flow and
      energetics are unclear. Accordingly, the effects of atrial fibrillation on
      myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption were studied in 18 anesthetized
      dogs. With atrial fibrillation cardiac output and mean aortic pressure declined.
      Although average myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption did not change, the
      alterations in these variables correlated strongly (r = 0.95, P less than 0.01).
      Moreover, myocardial blood flow changes correlated with those of tension time
      index and peak dp/dt (r = 0.64, P less than 0.05). Distribution of left
      ventricular regional flow remained uniform irrespective of the directional
      changes in blood flow. However, average left ventricular inner to outer wall flow
      ratio declined and myocardial oxygen extraction increased. Thus, with atrial
      fibrillation, myocardial blood flow does not change in a consistent fashion,
      although myocardial blood flow still reflects myocardial oxygen demand. Relative
      hypoperfusion of subendocardium and an increase in myocardial oxygen extraction
      suggest that with atrial fibrillation the myocardial blood flow response is
      abnormal.

PMID- 4034527
TI  - The relationship between plasma fibronectin levels and autoimmune disease
      activity in MRL/l mice.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin levels increased significantly over time in MRL/l mice with
      progressive autoimmune disease. At 100 and 120 days of age both male and female
      MRL/l mice exhibited significantly higher fibronectin (Fn) levels than the more
      resistant MRL/l controls. Male mice at early time points had Fn levels no greater
      than controls due perhaps to the later onset of disease in MRL/l males. In
      contrast, female MRL/l mice, when compared with MRL/n controls, had higher Fn
      levels from 40 days of age. The proteinuria in these animals was also above MRL/n
      controls from the first time point taken (Day 40). In a temporal study with
      female MRL/l mice, Fn levels peaked at age 120 days and reflected the pattern of
      the survival curve, indicating that plasma Fn levels have an association with
      disease activity.

PMID- 4034528
TI  - Blood parameters and body composition in fetuses from reciprocal crosses of
      genetically lean and obese swine.
AB  - Lines of swine previously selected for either high backfat (obese) or low backfat
      (lean) were investigated to determine the effect of maternal obesity and the
      relationship between serum parameters and body composition. Fetal weight,
      percentage body protein, fat, fat-free organic matter and ash, and serum
      concentrations of albumin, growth hormone, triiodothyronine, and cortisol were
      compared in fetuses from straight line and reciprocal crosses at 110 days of
      gestation. Fetuses from the obese line weighed less but had a greater percentage
      body protein, fat, and fat-free organic matter than did fetuses from the lean
      line. Serum concentrations of albumin and triiodothyronine were less whereas
      those of growth hormone were greater in fetuses from the lean line compared to
      fetuses from the obese line. Values for these parameters in fetuses from the
      reciprocal crosses were generally intermediate to those of fetuses from the lean
      and obese lines. Comparisons of fetuses from the reciprocal and line crosses by
      linear contrast showed that the observed differences were mainly due to the
      average genetic effect of individual fetal genotypes and not due to maternal
      effects. Correlations computed from the residual variance showed a positive
      relationship between percentage body protein, serum albumin, and triiodothyronine
      while percentage body fat was not correlated with any of the other traits. Serum
      growth hormone was negatively correlated with fetal weight. We conclude that
      there is no apparent maternal effect of obesity or relationship of fetal fat
      content with any of the other variables measured in these lines of swine at the
      stage of fetal development at which these determinations were made.

PMID- 4034529
TI  - Unique effects of spindle inhibitors on mammalian oocyte meiosis.
AB  - The effects of Nocodazole, reported to be a rapidly reversible inhibitor of
      microtubules in somatic cells (1), and Colcemid, a classic microtubule inhibitor,
      were studied for their effects on mouse and cow oocyte in vitro meiotic
      resumption. When present throughout the maturation period to Metaphase II/Polar
      Body I, both compounds predictably inhibited progression at Metaphase I (MI). An
      unexpected effect was seen on mouse germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) with both
      inhibitors, but not in cow oocytes tested with Nocodazole. Recovery from
      Nocodazole was notably retarded in mouse oocytes even with brief exposure times.
      Addition of 1 microgram/ml of Nocodazole 10 min after commencement of mouse and
      cow oocyte incubation was sufficient time to allow normal GVB, while inhibition
      at MI still took place suggesting that the critical events of GVB occur very
      quickly in vitro.

PMID- 4034530
TI  - Teratocarcinoma cells cultured on embryonic substrates show accelerated migrating
      behavior in vitro and increased metastatic activity in vivo.
AB  - Teratocarcinoma cells (402AX) were grown on feeder layers of whole mouse embryos
      (Day 4) or mouse embryonic fibroblasts and then were either examined in vitro or
      transplanted in vivo. After twenty-four hours of coculture, teratocarcinoma cells
      demonstrate accelerated cell migration in vitro. Furthermore, transplantation of
      teratocarcinoma cells with embryonic substrates into syngeneic hosts produces
      grossly detectable lymph node metastases. These effects appear to be due to
      soluble factor(s) produced by embryonic substrates which enhance tumor cell
      proliferative/migratory activity. This suggests that tumor cell invasion and
      metastasis may be stimulated by soluble factors produced by host tissues.

PMID- 4034531
TI  - Influence of selenium on the growth of N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumor
      cells in culture.
AB  - Selenium is an essential dietary trace element which has anticancer properties.
      Among its effects in rats, selenium has been shown to inhibit the development of
      carcinogen-induced mammary tumors by interfering with the postinitiation,
      promotion phase of carcinogenesis. We studied the effects of selenium on the
      growth of rat mammary tumor cells in primary culture. Our objective was to
      determine whether selenium had any direct influence on cell growth which might
      explain its influence on tumor development. Rat mammary tumors were induced by N
      nitrosomethylurea. Tumor epithelium was prepared by collagenase dispersion and
      the cells were separated by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. The tumor epithelium
      was grown in primary culture using a defined serum-free medium. The addition of
      low concentrations of sodium selenite, less than 1.0 micrograms/ml, stimulated
      tumor cell proliferation. Protein synthesis and the production of type IV
      collagen increased within the first hour of exposure, prior to any measurable
      increase in DNA synthesis. Concentrations of selenite greater than 1.0
      micrograms/ml inhibited cell proliferation, the synthesis of protein, and the
      replication of DNA in a dose-related manner. These studies demonstrated that
      selenium has the potential to influence the postinitiation phase of rat mammary
      tumorigenesis by directly altering the growth of tumor cells, possibly through
      the regulation of protein synthesis.

PMID- 4034532
TI  - Stimulation of rat uterine collagen synthesis by relaxin.
AB  - Immature, ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats respond to the administration of
      porcine relaxin by an increase in the incorporation of labeled amino acids
      ([14C]leucine, [14C]phenylalanine, [3H]proline) into uterine proteins in vitro.
      The maximum response occurs about 12 hr after a single injection of 0.1 mg
      relaxin in benzopurpurine 4B solution; subsequently, the relaxin effect declines
      but is still apparent after 24 hr. Smaller, but still significant increases in
      incorporation rates can be induced by relaxin in the absence of estrogen priming.
      Uterine collagen synthesis, as indicated by the incorporation of [3H]proline and
      its conversion to hydroxyproline, appears to be a primary target of the relaxin
      stimulus, since the effect of relaxin upon proline incorporation into uterine
      collagen is significantly greater than its effect upon labeling of noncollagen
      protein.

PMID- 4034533
TI  - Composition of glycosaminoglycans from aortas from deoxycorticosterone-induced
      hypertensive pigs.
AB  - Hypertension was induced in young male pigs by subcutaneous implantation of
      deoxycorticosterone acetate in a Silastic rubber carrier. Hemodynamic variables
      were periodically monitored. Six to eight weeks after implantation, the animals
      were necropsied and aortas were dissected. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were isolated
      from aortas from hypertensive pigs and from normotensive controls. Individual
      glycosaminoglycans in mixtures were fractionated and quantitated by
      chromatography on Dowex 1 Cl- column. No differences were noted in total
      glycosaminoglycan concentration between hypertensive and control animal aortas;
      the differences in individual GAG in aorta media-adventitia between the groups
      were not statistically significant. The relative proportions of heparan sulfate
      and dermatan sulfate in aorta intima were significantly greater (p less than
      0.05) in hypertensive aortas than in normotensive intima. These two
      glycosaminoglycans increased in hypertensive animals at the expense of
      chondroitin 4-sulfate and hyaluronic acid. There was no difference in chondroitin
      6-sulfate between the groups. A possible explanation of changes of
      glycosaminoglycans in hypertension because of altered lysosomal activity is
      suggested.

PMID- 4034534
TI  - Effect of thrombopoietin on in vitro production of megakaryocytes from fetal
      mouse liver cells.
AB  - Plasma clots containing fetal mouse liver cells (FMLC) were used to study the
      effects of a thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF) from kidney cell culture
      medium on the proliferation and maturation of megakarocytes. Cells in the
      megakaryocytic series were identified by the presence of acetylcholinesterase
      (AChE) and by their morphological and ultrastructural characteristics. For these
      experiments, 1 X 10(3) to 1 X 10(5) FMLC were cultured for 1-7 days with 0-5
      micrograms of TSF; control cultures were treated with production medium (PMC) in
      which kidney cells had not been grown. The number of AChE+ cells that were
      observed depended upon the number of cells plated, i.e., after 6 days of culture
      with 5 micrograms of TSF, an average of 187 AChE+ cells was found after plating 1
      X 10(4) cells and 1020 AChE+ cells were observed after plating 1 X 10(5) cells.
      In dose-response experiments, the number of AChE+ cells rose with increasing
      doses of TSF. Significantly elevated numbers of AChE+ cells were observed after
      the addition of 1-5 micrograms of TSF. The optimum time of culture, based upon
      the number of AChE+ cells found, was 3-5 days. Ultrastructural analysis of
      megakaryocytes in plasma clots showed evidence of platelet shedding on Day 5.
      After the culture of FMLC with TSF, a larger number of AChE+ cells was formed
      from a given number of cells plated than in previous studies that used adult bone
      marrow cells. Therefore, because of its greater sensitivity, FMLC may be useful
      for the assay of low levels of TSF, and may be a valuable tool for studying the
      effects of megakaryocytic regulatory factors on megakaryocytopoiesis.

PMID- 4034535
TI  - Antineoplastic activity of N-maleamide homocysteine thiolactone amide
      encapsulated within liposomes.
AB  - The antineoplastic activity of N-maleamide homocysteine thiolactone amide (MHTA)
      encapsulated within liposomes was studied in mice with transplanted tumors. Tumor
      weight was decreased by 4-5 biweekly intraperitoneal injections of MHTA in
      liposomes in DBA/2N females with MTG mammary adenocarcinoma (35% of control
      value, P less than 0.005) and in C57B1/6N males with MUO4 rhabdomyosarcoma (11%
      of control value, P less than 0.0000001). Tumor incidence was reduced from 84 to
      63% (P less than 0.05) and from 100 to 32% (P less than 0.001) in the two
      systems, respectively. When the compound was administered in dimethyl sulfoxide
      to A/HeJ females with A10 mammary adenocarcinoma by daily intraperitoneal
      injection, tumor weight was reduced to 70% of control value (P less than 0.05),
      and there was no decrease in tumor incidence (100%). No toxicity was observed at
      the therapeutic dose utilized, 10 mg/kg/day. N-Maleamide homocysteine thiolactone
      amide is a derivative of the normal biochemical constituents, maleic acid and
      homocysteine thiolactone. The results show that the N-substituted maleamide
      derivative of homocysteine thiolactone decreases the growth of murine tumors of
      two different histological types, when administered encapsulated within
      liposomes.

PMID- 4034536
TI  - Arteriolar and systemic autoregulatory responses during the development of
      hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - Pressure-flow curves were constructed to determine whether acute autoregulation
      in rat skeletal muscle was altered during the development of hypertension in the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Under chloralose:urethane anesthesia,
      hindlimb blood flow and pressure, plus diameter changes of gracilis muscle
      arterioles, were simultaneously measured in the 6- and 9-week Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)
      and SHR. Femoral blood flow was measured by electromagnetic flowmetry and
      hindlimb pressure controlled with an hydraulic occluder. Arteriolar diameters
      were measured using image shearing techniques. Acute autoregulatory capacity was
      assessed by comparing the closed-loop gain and the regression lines over the
      regulated and passive pressure ranges of the pressure-flow curves. The lower
      pressure limit of autoregulation (LPLAR) shifted upward as the blood pressure
      increased in the SHR with age; it did not shift in the WKY. Resting hindlimb
      flow, elevated in the SHR at 6 weeks, was also elevated at the LPLAR. At 9 weeks
      hindlimb blood flow was comparable in the WKY and SHR. As blood pressure was
      increased autoregulation was accompanied by vasoconstriction of gracilis
      arterioles. However, neither the gain of the autoregulatory system nor the
      regression lines describing the pressure-flow curves were different between the
      hypertensive and normotensive animals at either age. These results indicate that
      the acute autoregulatory response mechanism was not affected by the developing
      hypertension in the SHR, and is consistent with a structural basis for the
      chronic maintenance of the elevated peripheral vascular resistance.

PMID- 4034537
TI  - Cassava is not a goitrogen in mice.
AB  - To examine the effect of cassava on the thyroid function of mice, we fed fresh
      cassava root to mice and compared this diet with low iodine diet and Purina.
      Cassava provided a low iodine intake and increased urine thiocyanate excretion
      and serum thiocyanate levels. Mice on cassava lost weight. The thyroid glands of
      mice on cassava were not enlarged, even when normalized for body weight. The 4-
      and 24-hr thyroid uptakes of mice on cassava were similar to those of mice on low
      iodine diets. Protein-bound [125I]iodine at 24 hr was high in mice on either the
      cassava or low iodine diets. The thyroid iodide trap (T/M) was similar in mice on
      cassava and low iodine diets. When thiocyanate was added in vitro to the
      incubation medium, T/M was reduced in all groups of mice; under these conditions,
      thiocyanate caused a dose-related inhibition of T/M. The serum thyroxine (T4) and
      triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations of mice on cassava were reduced compared
      with mice on Purina diet. Thyroid T4 and T3 contents of mice on cassava were
      relatively low compared with mice on Purina diet. Hepatic T3 content and T4 5'
      monodeiodination in liver homogenates were reduced in mice on cassava compared
      with other groups. The data show that cassava does not cause goiter in mice. The
      thiocyanate formed from ingestation of cassava is insufficient to inhibit thyroid
      iodide transport or organification of iodide. The cassava diet leads to rapid
      turnover of hormonal iodine because it is a low iodine diet. It also impairs 5'
      monodeiodination of T4 which may be related to nutritional deficiency. These data
      in mice do not support the concept that cassava per se has goitrogenic action in
      man.

PMID- 4034538
TI  - The pH dependence of disobutamide-induced clear cytoplasmic vacuoles in cultured
      cells.
AB  - Cellular uptake of disobutamide (D), and clear cytoplasmic vacuoles (CCV)
      induction by D in cultured rat urinary bladder carcinoma cells were dependent on
      the culture medium pH. At pH 6.0-6.7, drug uptake was slow and no CCV formed in
      24 hr. At pH 7.0-8.0, the rate of D uptake and early appearance of CCV were
      directly proportional to increased basicity. This was explained by the increasing
      fraction of un-ionized D molecules at increasing basicity of the culture medium.
      It is only these electrically neutral D molecules which can penetrate the
      lipoidal cell membrane to induce formation of CCV. Intracellular presence of D
      was demonstrated by mass spectrometry methods. The results indicate that D is
      incorporated intracellularly, that D and not its metabolite(s) is in cells, and
      suggest that CCV are a result of drug sequesteration.

PMID- 4034539
TI  - Effect of antilymphocyte serum and neonatal thymectomy upon onset of diabetes in
      the Chinese hamster.
AB  - Prediabetic Chinese hamsters were treated with antilymphocyte serum (ALS), or
      thymectomized in order to test the hypothesis that beta-cell loss leading to
      diabetes in this animal model was related to cell-mediated autoimmunity. In
      addition, passive transfer of diabetes from the Chinese hamster to the nude mouse
      was attempted by transplantation of lymphocytes. Treatment of prediabetic Chinese
      hamsters with ALS or thymectomy did not alter development or severity of diabetes
      in this animal model. Lymphocytes from newly diagnosed diabetic Chinese hamsters
      did not cause hyperglycemia in nude mice. These three lines of evidence suggest
      that cell-mediated autoimmunity does not contribute to the etiology of diabetes
      in the Chinese hamster. The Chinese hamster remains a good model for the study of
      those forms of diabetes not related to cell-mediated autoimmune phenomena.

PMID- 4034540
TI  - Intracellular protein catabolism. Proceedings of the Fifth International
      Symposium on Intracellular Protein Catabolism. May 29-June 2, 1984, Airlie,
      Virginia.

PMID- 4034541
TI  - Properties of human liver cathepsin L.

PMID- 4034542
TI  - A comparative study of cathepsins N and L and their distribution in different
      tissues.

PMID- 4034543
TI  - Proenkephalin and enkephalin metabolism by rat brain cathepsin B: conversion,
      inactivation, and suppression by an endogenous inhibitor.

PMID- 4034545
TI  - Leucine aminopeptidase activity is diminished in aged hog, beef, and human lens.

PMID- 4034544
TI  - Properties of a protein that is purified from bovine skeletal muscle that
      inhibits the Ca2+-dependent proteinase.

PMID- 4034546
TI  - Fragmentation of extracellular and intracellular polypeptides by free radicals.

PMID- 4034547
TI  - Relationship of the redox state to muscle protein degradation.
AB  - With increasing muscle size, incubated or fresh-frozen leg muscles showed a more
      reduced redox state and slower proteolysis. The ln of these data gave a linear
      correlation showing faster proteolysis under more oxidized conditions. In
      incubated diaphragms, the inhibitory effects of insulin and catecholamines on
      proteolysis were associated with a more reduced state. Fasting, trauma or
      cortisol treatment led to accelerated proteolysis and a more oxidized state. Long
      term fasting and refeeding supported this relationship, as did streptozotocin
      diabetes. Like the NAD+ and NADP+ redox couples, the glutathione couple seemed to
      fit this relationship. Use of proteinase inhibitors showed that the redox state
      probably mediated the effects of the various factors on proteolysis rather than
      vice versa. Muscle contains thioltransferase which catalyzes the formation of
      glutathione-protein mixed disulfides. We propose that increased formation of
      oxidized glutathione and its interaction with muscle proteins may act as a signal
      for the initiation of proteolysis.

PMID- 4034548
TI  - Regulation of catabolism of ribonuclease A microinjected into human fibroblasts.
AB  - We are using ribonuclease A (RNase A) as a model protein to study how the
      degradative rates of proteins are regulated within cells. RNase A and several
      derivatives can be microinjected into confluent cultures of human fibroblasts
      using red cell-mediated microinjection. The half-life of RNase A is 80-100 hrs in
      cells maintained in the presence of serum, and the degradative rate is enhanced
      approximately two-fold upon serum withdrawal. The ability of fibroblasts to
      regulate breakdown of this protein depends on a small peptide region within the
      amino terminal twenty amino acids. This amino terminal peptide from RNase A can
      be covalently attached to unrelated proteins and will cause their catabolism to
      become serum responsive. The mechanism of degradation of RNase A involves
      lysosomal pathways both in the presence and absence of serum, and the enhanced
      catabolism during serum deprivation results from a two-fold increase in the rate
      of uptake of the protein by lysosomes. These findings suggest that autophagy, or
      some other process occuring in serum-deprived cells, can be highly selective.

PMID- 4034549
TI  - Amino acid control of hepatic protein degradation: novel requirement for alanine.

PMID- 4034550
TI  - Pathways of intracellular sequestration and protein degradation in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 4034551
TI  - Microinjection of isolated lysosomes: a model for studying autophagic
      sequestration of cell organelles.

PMID- 4034552
TI  - Fate of exogenous proteins after internalization by endocytosis and
      microinjection in cultured myotubes.

PMID- 4034553
TI  - Degradation of microinjected ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S-protein by
      lysosomal pathways.

PMID- 4034554
TI  - Sequestration and hydrolysis of electroinjected [14C]lactose as a means of
      investigating autophagosome-lysosome fusion in isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 4034555
TI  - Effect of serum deprivation and replacement on proteolysis in cultured human
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 4034556
TI  - Effects of denaturation and methylation on the degradation of proteins in
      cultured hepatoma cells and in reticulocyte cell-free systems.

PMID- 4034557
TI  - The stimulatory effect of glutathione on proteolysis in mouse kidney lysosome
      suspensions.

PMID- 4034558
TI  - Effect of protease inhibitors on short-term proteolysis in hepatocytes.

PMID- 4034559
TI  - Pyridoxal phosphate as a probe for the degradation products of skeletal muscle
      glycogen phosphorylase.

PMID- 4034560
TI  - Aortic perfusion pressure affects cardiac protein turnover.

PMID- 4034561
TI  - Intracellular degradation of newly synthesized collagen.

PMID- 4034562
TI  - Ascites hepatoma: a model system to investigate cell protein degradation in the
      animal as well as in vitro.

PMID- 4034563
TI  - Liver and skeletal muscle protein metabolism in Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH-130
      bearing rats.

PMID- 4034564
TI  - Changes in urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio in human subjects after
      strenuous exercise.

PMID- 4034565
TI  - Cathepsin L--a lysosomal cysteine proteinase.

PMID- 4034566
TI  - Relationships between protein degradation and glucose metabolism in skeletal
      muscle.

PMID- 4034567
TI  - Protein degradation and lysosomal proteinases in cultured fetal rabbit cardiac
      myocytes.

PMID- 4034568
TI  - Proteinase activities in normal and dystrophic chicken myoblasts in culture.

PMID- 4034569
TI  - Protein turnover in the rat uterus during and after pregnancy.

PMID- 4034570
TI  - Replacement perfusion of cultured eucaryotic cells: a method for the accurate
      measurement of the rates of growth, protein synthesis and protein turnover.

PMID- 4034571
TI  - Degradation of abnormal protein in rabbit reticulocytes: detection of
      intermediates.

PMID- 4034572
TI  - Inhibition of protein degradation and of cellular autophagy in growing as
      compared to density inhibited fibroblasts.

PMID- 4034573
TI  - Enhanced intracellular procollagen degradation in skins of streptozotocin-induced
      diabetic rats: a causal relationship to underhydroxylation.

PMID- 4034574
TI  - Infection, immunity, and blood transfusion. Proceedings of the XVIth Annual
      Scientific Symposium of the American Red Cross. Washington, DC, May 9-11, 1984.

PMID- 4034575
TI  - Rationale for suppression of adrenal steroidogenesis in advanced prostatic
      cancer.

PMID- 4034576
TI  - Ketoconazole an inhibitor of the cytochrome P-450 dependent testosterone
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 4034577
TI  - Human prostate cancer (PC-82) in nude mice: a model to study androgen regulated
      tumor growth.

PMID- 4034578
TI  - Clinical applications of ketoconazole in prostatic cancer.

PMID- 4034579
TI  - Orchidectomy and oestrogens as secondary forms of treatment for metastatic
      prostatic cancer.
AB  - When in a patient with metastatic prostatic cancer progression of tumour growth
      occurs during first-line endocrine therapy the prognosis appears to be poor. In
      the literature there are only a few reports about the efficacy of second-line
      treatment with castration or oestrogens indicating a mean response rate of 15
      20%. The most effective sequence of endocrine therapy has not been determined.
      Therefore we have evaluated the data of 932 patients treated for prostatic cancer
      between 1970-1980 in our hospital. Of these 932 patients 516 (55%) had metastatic
      disease. In 275 patients (53% of the patients with metastatic disease) the
      metastases were already detected at time of diagnosis of the primary tumour.
      Adjuvant therapy appeared to cause a delay in the occurrence of overt metastases
      but (nearly) not an improvement of overall survival for patients who developed
      metastases. We found no relationship between survival from the time of
      presentation of metastases and age. The median survival after occurrence of
      metastases was 18 months with a 5-year survival of 10%. From start of second-line
      therapy the median survival appeared to be only 6 months with a death rate of 3
      times as high as from start of first-line therapy. Looking into our data one
      could be tempted to express that 1) the combination of castration plus oestrogens
      as a first-line therapy seems to have a somewhat better effect on survival than
      other forms of endocrine therapy; 2) that as a second-line therapy castration
      appeared a suitable form of treatment after oestrogens, antiandrogens after
      castration and oestrogens when antiandrogens were used in the first line.

PMID- 4034580
TI  - Androgen depletion/repletion in combination with chemotherapy: strategy for
      secondary treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer.

PMID- 4034581
TI  - New principles in the management of metastatic prostatic cancer.

PMID- 4034582
TI  - Combination of hormonal and cytostatic treatment for advanced carcinoma of the
      prostate.

PMID- 4034584
TI  - EORTC Genitourinary Group Monograph 2, Part B. Superficial bladder tumors.
      Proceedings of a symposium held in York, England, November 16 and 17, 1984.

PMID- 4034583
TI  - Pharmacology and clinical studies with RU 23908 (Anandron).

PMID- 4034585
TI  - Methotrexate in superficial bladder cancer--what happens to the drug?

PMID- 4034586
TI  - Superficial bladder cancer--problems with selection.

PMID- 4034587
TI  - Intravesical and intradermal BCG-RIVM application: a toxicity study.

PMID- 4034588
TI  - The analysis of results in prophylactic superficial bladder cancer studies.

PMID- 4034589
TI  - The need for long-term follow-up studies after treatment of superficial bladder
      cancer (Tis/Ta/T1), especially after intravesical chemotherapy.

PMID- 4034590
TI  - The costs of intravesical chemotherapy.

PMID- 4034591
TI  - Intravesical chemoprophylaxis of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the
      bladder. When should the drug be given?

PMID- 4034592
TI  - Carcinoma of the large bowel and its precursors. Proceedings of a conference.
      Detroit, September 27-28, 1984.

PMID- 4034593
TI  - Growth rates of benign and malignant neoplasms of the colon.
AB  - In summary, there is a wide, natural variance in rates of growth of benign and
      malignant neoplasms of the lower bowel. There is a crude correlation between
      growth rate and histopathology. The difference between DT(act) and DT(pot) is
      manifold. Primary surface desquamating cancers probably grow much slower than
      their metastases. These factors are of importance in understanding neoplastic
      behavior and in designing detection and treatment protocols. The gap in knowledge
      is for in vivo growth rates and mathematical patterns of growth in the period
      before a neoplasm reaches the threshold size permitting observation. The rates of
      growth are very relevant to screening and diagnostic strategies.

PMID- 4034594
TI  - Colonoscopy: its application and merit.
AB  - Much has been learned through the development of colonoscopy. This in turn has
      stimulated interest in roentgenographic studies and has provided a tool for
      conducting research studies that would not be possible without the ability to
      obtain tissue sequentially over a period of time. Despite these advances,
      questions still outnumber answers. As new technologies open doors for research
      that was not historically possible, commitment to research in endoscopy becomes
      increasingly important. The opportunities, importance and need for commitment to
      endoscopic research has recently been emphasized (Silverstein 1984). It is hoped
      that important research questions in endoscopy will be effectively addressed and
      this, in turn, will improve our knowledge about cancer of the large bowel and its
      precursors.

PMID- 4034595
TI  - The air contrast barium enema--indications and validity.
AB  - The double-contrast barium enema is a highly accurate and readily available
      procedure which is capable of diagnosing benign and malignant disease of the
      colon at an early state. The level of accuracy is a function of the radiologist's
      knowledge and willingness to assume complete responsibility for the patient.
      While reasonable results may be obtained with the high-kilovoltage single
      contrast method, it is our opinion that the double contrast examination is the
      more sensitive procedure and therefore the technique of choice. The double
      contrast examination ideally compliments the colonoscope and offers an
      alternative method for initial survey procedures or low cost follow-up
      examinations.

PMID- 4034596
TI  - Endoscopic laser surgery.

PMID- 4034598
TI  - A multistage model for human colon carcinoma development from tissue culture
      studies.

PMID- 4034597
TI  - Animal model for colorectal cancer.
AB  - The development of a satisfactory rodent model for cancer of the large intestine
      began with the discovery by Laqueur and associates in 1962 that the plant
      product, cycasin (methylazoxymethanol glycoside), is a potent carcinogen for
      rodents. Soon after that, DMH, AOM, and MAM were found to be even more efficient
      intestinal carcinogens in rats. These three compounds, plus two direct acting
      carcinogens (MNNG, MNU) are used almost exclusively in current animal
      investigations. Although all these chemicals have some degree of activity in all
      rodents, they are most effective in rats. Various rat strains differ somewhat in
      susceptibility, Sprague-Dawley being the most sensitive to these carcinogens.
      Cancers of the large intestine in the animal model resemble adenocarcinomas in
      humans, and they spread in a similar manner except that metastases to the liver
      and lung are very uncommon in animals. Animal studies support epidemiological and
      human experimental observations of dietary factors involved in colorectal cancer
      formation. Most physicians believe that the majority of colorectal cancers
      develop from preexisting adenomas. Morson has shown that large adenomas and
      villous adenomas have a greater risk of developing cancer than small adenomas.
      Hill has theorized that there are different factors responsible for the formation
      of small adenomas from normal mucosa, for the growth of small to large adenomas,
      and for the development of cancer from large adenomas. Animal studies provide
      some support for this concept. Weak intestinal carcinogens tend to induce more
      benign adenomas than carcinomas. Very small doses of strong carcinogens also
      induce some adenomas and a few early polypoid intestinal cancers after a long
      latent period. Moderate to large amounts of DHM, for example, induce only
      malignant lesions even when these lesions are as small as 1 mm. These
      observations suggest a relationship between adenomas and carcinomas. There is
      also biochemical evidence to support the staged progression of carcinogenesis. An
      example is the graded increases in ODC activity that occur in tissues undergoing
      tumorigenesis.

PMID- 4034599
TI  - Cell kinetic approaches to defining premalignant conditions.

PMID- 4034600
TI  - Comparative histogenesis and pathology of naturally-occurring human and
      experimentally induced large bowel cancer in the rat.

PMID- 4034601
TI  - The mode of formation and progression of chemically induced colonic carcinoma.

PMID- 4034602
TI  - Premalignant lesions of the colorectum.

PMID- 4034603
TI  - The carrageenan model for experimental ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 4034604
TI  - Biochemical approaches to the intervention of large bowel cancer.

PMID- 4034605
TI  - Hemoquant--an approach to screening for fecal occult blood.

PMID- 4034606
TI  - Vegetable peroxidase inhibitor--an improvement in the guaiac fecal occult blood
      test.

PMID- 4034607
TI  - Screening for colorectal cancer: the rationale and a recent advance in the
      detection of fecal occult blood.
AB  - For the very first time, an occult blood test has been designed to conform to
      convenient and natural bathroom habits. For the very first time, we therefore
      expect the general public to agree willingly to participate in occult blood
      testing. For the very first time, we expect Early Detector to successfully screen
      the general public, so that survival rates from colon and rectal cancer may show
      a significant improvement in the next decade.

PMID- 4034608
TI  - Cancer and dysplasia in ulcerative colitis: an insoluble problem?

PMID- 4034609
TI  - Colorectal cancer in Crohn's colitis and other large intestinal diseases: is
      there a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence?

PMID- 4034610
TI  - Effect of additives on the photostability of chloramphenicol in Clark Lubs borate
      buffer at pH 7.8.

PMID- 4034611
TI  - The permeation behavior of several membranes with potential use in the design of
      transdermal devices.

PMID- 4034612
TI  - Effect of the nature of the oil and electrolyte concentration on the type and
      stability of emulsions.

PMID- 4034613
TI  - [The effect of excipients on the rate of liberation of two non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory agents from gels].

PMID- 4034614
TI  - [Sweet balm--still capable of surprises].

PMID- 4034615
TI  - Scopolamine degrades spatial working memory but spares spatial reference memory:
      dissimilarity of anticholinergic effect and restriction of distal visual cues.
AB  - The influence of the centrally active anticholinergic, scopolamine hydrobromide,
      on working and reference memory was studied in rats tested in a 12-arm radial
      maze. Both 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg doses of the drug increased the number of working
      memory (WM) errors but had no effect on reference memory (RM) errors. A lower
      dose (0.125 mg/kg) was ineffective, as was the peripherally active
      anticholinergic, scopolamine methylbromide (0.5 mg/kg). Some of the behavioral
      effects of anticholinergics on spatial memory are mimicked by blindness or
      eliminating distal visual cues. If distal visual cues were more important for
      maintaining accurate WM than for RM, the selective effect of scopolamine on WM
      could be easily explained. But surrounding the maze with a curtain to eliminate
      extramaze cues increased RM errors without significantly increasing WM errors.
      Thus, the selective effect of anticholinergies on spatial memory in the radial
      maze is qualitatively different from the effect of restricting distal visual cues
      and must arise from some other action of the drug.

PMID- 4034616
TI  - The role of trazodone metabolism in its inhibitory action on avoidance response.
AB  - To assess the role of trazodone metabolism in its depressant action on
      conditioned avoidance response we investigated whether in the mouse brain 3
      chlorophenylpiperazine (CPP) is formed from trazodone, whether trazodone
      metabolism is affected by a drug metabolism inhibitor, proadifen, and how
      trazodone, CPP and their combinations act on avoidance responses in proadifen
      pretreated mice. It was found that CPP is formed from trazodone in mice, that
      proadifen inhibits trazodone metabolism, and that the moderate and transient
      inhibitory effect of trazodone on avoidance responses is dramatically potentiated
      and prolonged in proadifen-pretreated mice. This effect, and inhibition of
      unconditioned escape response observed in mice receiving lower doses of trazodone
      after proadifen pretreatment, were counteracted by CPP. The results indicate that
      the inhibitory action of trazodone on avoidance response is caused by the parent
      compound, and that it is brief and moderate because of the rapid metabolism of
      the drug with formation of CPP which counteracts the depressant effect of the
      parent compound.

PMID- 4034617
TI  - Erythrocyte differentiation of naturally occurring isotopic lithium abundances.
AB  - Lithium is effective in the treatment of mania. There are two naturally occurring
      stable lithium isotopes, Li-7 (92.6%) and Li-6 (7.4%). Usually there is little
      differentiation between isotopes of an element, but chemical and behavioural data
      suggest dissimilarities exist between lithium isotopes. Results are now reported
      indicating that a group of manic patients given lithium chloride were able to
      differentiate Li-6 from Li-7 at the membrane level. Blood samples were drawn,
      erythrocytes separated from plasma and the isotopic abundances of Li-6 and Li-7
      determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The ratio of abundances of Li
      6 in the erythrocyte and plasma was 1.274 indicating the erythrocyte membrane had
      the in vivo capability of isotope fractionation.

PMID- 4034618
TI  - Effect of decapitation and stress on some plasma electrolyte levels in rats.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats carrying indwelling jugular catheters were used to
      compare two methods of blood collection, catheterization or decapitation, for
      obtaining the plasma levels of several electrolytes. Decapitation resulted in
      higher levels of Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ (18%, 23%, and 35% respectively) compared to
      catheter values. In a second experiment, catheterized rats were used to examine
      the effect of immobilization and footshock on plasma electrolytes. Both forms of
      stress elevated Mg2+, whereas only immobilization elevated Ca2+. Post-stress K+
      levels were significantly different than control values. These experiments
      demonstrate that catheterization must be used to obtain true plasma electrolyte
      levels, and that electrolytes may be selectively altered depending on the nature
      of the stressor.

PMID- 4034619
TI  - Disregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the mentally retarded.
AB  - Previous reports of cognitive and social improvement in the mentally retarded
      after administration of MSH/ACTH fragments suggested disregulation of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The current study examined the
      integrity of this system with the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST). The DST
      is a biological index of HPA integrity and recently has been used as a diagnostic
      aid for endogenous depression. Thirty-five mentally retarded patients were
      administered 1 mg of dexamethasone just after a sample of blood was taken. Blood
      samples were analyzed for cortisol by RIA at 11:00 p.m. (basal), 8:00 a.m., 4:00
      p.m., and 10:00 p.m. Between 40% and 48% (depending on sampling) of the patients
      failed to suppress cortisol (greater than 4 micrograms/dl), after the DST
      challenge. The results suggested that a significant proportion of mentally
      retarded patients have a DST index reflecting a disordered HPA axis and
      complements earlier studies of cognitive enhancement observed after treatment
      with MSH/ACTH fragments. The possibility that the stress of hospitalization was
      related to a disordered HPA was suggested. The possible co-existence of
      depression in the mentally retarded invites further study.

PMID- 4034620
TI  - Reproductive physiology and behavior in the male rat following acute and chronic
      peripheral adrenergic depletion by guanethidine.
AB  - The effect of guanethidine, an adrenergic neuron blocking agent, on sexual
      behavior, penile reflexes, and spontaneous seminal emission (SSE) in the rat was
      studied by acute (i.e., 4 hours prior to testing) and daily IP injection of a low
      (5 mg/kg) and moderately high (25 mg/kg) dose of the drug. Acute low dose
      treatment eliminated the expulsion of a seminal plug with behavioral ejaculation
      without affecting sexual behavior; while acute high dose administration
      significantly decreased the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation and
      eliminated emission in copula and SSE for 3 days, with no evidence of retrograde
      ejaculation. Acute high dose treatment also increased the number of long flips
      displayed in the penile reflex test, and resulted in significant depression in
      plasma testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Daily injection with
      the low dose eliminated emission in and ex copula for 4 weeks, without altering
      sexual behavior or penile reflexes. Seminal emission in copula reappeared more
      rapidly after stopping injections than SSE. Chronic high dose treatment was also
      without effect on copulatory activity. There was a partial recovery of emission
      in copula by the fourth week of treatment, suggesting that a nonadrenergic
      mechanism had assumed this function. In penile reflex tests conducted after 4 and
      8 weeks, significantly fewer erections were displayed by drug-treated animals.
      During the period of initial recovery of emission in copula, emission during the
      reflex test was markedly increased, but SSE was decreased. Plasma T was
      significantly suppressed after two and four weeks of daily injections, but not
      thereafter, while plasma LH levels were not affected by the drug.

PMID- 4034621
TI  - Effect of dopamine agonists and fenfluramine on discriminative behavior in obese
      and lean Zucker rats.
AB  - Dopamine agonists and fenfluramine were used as pharmacological probes to
      investigate the possible difference in sensitivity and time course of drug action
      in genetically obese Zucker rats and their lean littermates. All rats were
      trained to discriminate between the stimulus properties of 0.6 mg/kg d
      amphetamine and its vehicle in a two-lever, food-motivated operant task. Once
      trained, both groups of rats showed a dose-related decrease in discriminative
      performance with lower amphetamine doses. Analysis of the dose-response curves
      indicated an ED50 for the obese rats of 0.17 mg/kg and for the lean group of 0.14
      mg/kg. Administration of 0.3-1.2 mg/kg l-amphetamine and 2.5-10.0 mg/kg cocaine
      produced a pattern of responding similar to that observed with d-amphetamine. In
      contrast, 0.08-mg/kg apomorphine produced saline-appropriate responding and 1.5
      2.5 mg/kg fenfluramine produced intermediate results in both groups. Time-course
      experiments indicated that the lean rats maintain errorless discriminative
      performance through 90 min post-injection, whereas the obese rats discriminate d
      amphetamine significantly less at that post-administration time. The results
      suggest a similar sensitivity to d-amphetamine and other dopaminergic agonists in
      obese and lean rats with a difference in the time-course of d-amphetamine's
      action between these two groups.

PMID- 4034622
TI  - Rate-dependency and hyperactivity: methylphenidate effects on operant responding.
AB  - The two most common treatment for hyperactivity are psychopharmacological
      regimens and behavior therapy. Although the concurrent use of stimulant
      medication has been purported to enhance a child's rate of responding under a
      behavior management program, studies examining the interaction of the two
      treatments have been unable to confirm this hypothesis. The present investigation
      sought to examine the effects of differing levels of methylphenidate
      hydrochloride (Ritalin) upon operant responding with hyperactive children. After
      an initial drug-free training period, 10 first through fourth grade hyperactive
      males performed an operant key-pressing task under a mult VR 5 FI 30 sec
      reinforcement schedule across four randomly determined, double-blind drug
      conditions (placebo, 5, 10, 15 mg). Only VR responding changed significantly
      during medication conditions; however, rate-dependent psychostimulant effects
      were found within both reinforcement schedules. Discrepancies with animal rate
      dependency and implications for treatment and future research are discussed.
      Medication effects on operant responding appear to depend upon the reinforcement
      schedule and dose employed.

PMID- 4034623
TI  - Genetic differences in daily rhythms of pain sensitivity in mice.
AB  - A dark phase increase in pain sensitivity was evident in C57BL/6 inbred mice. On
      the contrary Swiss mice are characterized by decreased nocturnal pain
      sensitivity. The latter finding is in agreement with a number of previous studies
      based on albino mice. However, our findings indicate that (1) nocturnal decreased
      pain sensitivity is not the rule in the mouse and (2) large differences are
      evident when the onset in peak nocturnal analgesia is considered.

PMID- 4034624
TI  - Suppressant effect of REM sleep deprivation on neophobia in normal rats and in
      rats with selective DSP-4 induced damage of locus coeruleus neurons.
AB  - The influence of REM sleep deprivation (REMD) on open field behavior of normal
      and locus coeruleus (LC)-damaged animals was investigated under the assumption
      that REMD suppresses neophobia in rats. REMD (for 24 or 72 hr, water tank
      technique) produced marked changes in behavior of rats encountering a novel
      object (white cube) in the center of the open field. REMD induced an increase in
      activity of treated rats; latency to the object approach was shorter, the number
      of center entries, time spent in object exploration, frequency of ambulation and
      rearing were significantly higher than in controls, also defecation was nearly
      abolished. LC-damage (using DSP-4, a selective central noradrenergic neurotoxin)
      induced neophobic-like reactions manifested by significantly prolonged latency,
      tendency to decreased object exploration, center entries and reduction of
      ambulation and rearing. This "neophobic" behavior of DSP-4 rats was counteracted
      by REMD as well as by subchronic, but not acute treatment, with antidepressant
      oxaprotiline (2 X daily for 8 days, 10 mg/kg, IP). The results provide strong
      support for antineophobic activity of REMD. In addition, they indicate possible
      similarity of REMD and subchronic oxaprotiline action on neophobia-like behavior
      in rats with damaged LC-neurons.

PMID- 4034625
TI  - Failure of chronic haloperidol to affect prolactin secretion due to acute
      haloperidol administration.
AB  - Withdrawal from chronic haloperidol exposure was associated to unaltered
      circulating levels of prolactin (PRL), decreased 3H-spiperone binding sites in
      the anterior pituitary and increased 3H-spiperone binding sites in the striatum
      of male rats. Haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg ip) induced similar rises in plasma PRL in
      haloperidol-or saline-treated rats and the dose of 0.01 mg/kg was ineffective in
      both groups. These findings illustrate the poor relatedness existing at the
      pituitary D2 receptor between biochemical and functional indices.

PMID- 4034626
TI  - Tissue distribution, urinary, fecal and biliary excretion of 14C bendazac L
      lysine salt in rats.
AB  - The distribution of bendazac in the plasma and some rat tissues was studied after
      single oral administration of 14C bendazac L-lysine salt. The drug is distributed
      in varying amounts in the liver, kidneys, spleen, muscle, plasma and lens. In
      these tissues, the drug kinetics is similar, except for the lens where
      elimination of the drug is slower. More than 80% of the radioactivity
      administered is excreted through the urine and feces. Fecal excretion is due to
      the high biliary excretion.

PMID- 4034627
TI  - The effects of zinc sulphate on hypercholesterolaemia induced by cholesterol
      choleate in rats.
AB  - The effects of zinc sulphate on cholesterol-choleate-induced
      hypercholesterolaemia were studied in rats. Zinc sulphate (20 or 40 mg/kg, p.o.
      once daily for 5 days) administration, which raised serum zinc levels,
      significantly increased bile acid secretion and lowered high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the serum. Cholesterol-choleate, given by the same
      route and schedule, markedly elevated serum total cholesterol level, but
      decreased serum HDL-C concentration. Bile acid in serum and in bile was also
      increased, but these changes were inhibited by zinc sulphate pretreatment. Zinc
      sulphate also worsened the decrease in HDL-C and slightly prolonged the elevation
      in total cholesterol produced by cholesterol-choleate administration. It is
      concluded that the moderate increase in serum total cholesterol level by zinc
      sulphate could be due to inhibition of hepatic metabolism of cholesterol to bile
      acid. The specific action of zinc ions on HDL-C metabolism is discussed.

PMID- 4034628
TI  - The transition from a fixed ratio to a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement
      in hypo and hyperthyroid rats.
AB  - The modification of behavior caused by hypo and hyperthyroidism were studied when
      the schedule of reinforcement was changed from a fixed ratio to a fixed interval.
      The conditions of hypo and hyperthyroidism were obtained with a chronic
      administration of methimazole and of 1-thyroxine. The level of the modifications
      of thyroid activity was determined by evaluation of the basal metabolic rate and
      of the plasma levels of T4. Hyperthyroidism caused no modification of the rat
      behaviour. A difficulty in adapting to the new experimental situation (learning)
      was found in hypothyroidism. This effect is evident in high hypothyroidism. In
      low hypothyroidism a depression of the rat behaviour may interfere with the
      modification of the learning process.

PMID- 4034629
TI  - Increased erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in psoriatics consuming
      high-selenium drinking water at the Dead-Sea Psoriasis Treatment Center.
AB  - Erythrocyte selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity was measured in
      psoriatic Danes, before and after their four-week balneological therapy at the
      Ein-Bokek International Psoriasis Treatment Center, on the Dead-Sea shore in
      Israel. The drinking water in Ein-Bokek was found to be rich in selenium, a trace
      element with anticarcinogenic properties and of great importance in human
      nutrition and health. The most reliable biological parameter for increase in
      selenium bioavailability is the erythrocytes' glutathione-peroxidase activity. As
      psoriasis is a proliferative skin disease, the activity of this enzyme was
      assayed in 35 psoriatic Danes and in 25 long-term local hotel workers, as well as
      in 34 volunteers drinking low-selenium water. The glutathione peroxidase activity
      in the psoriatic patients increased significantly during their four-week stay in
      Ein-Bokek. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in the hotel workers was
      50% higher than that in the healthy volunteers consuming low-selenium water. A
      possible role of selenium in psoriasis is suggested.

PMID- 4034631
TI  - [Is there interaction between biotransformation products and sunlight?].

PMID- 4034630
TI  - In vitro interaction of organic mercury compounds with soluble glutathione S
      transferases from rat liver.
AB  - The in vitro interaction of organic mercury compounds with rat liver glutathione
      S-transferases (GST) was studied, using reduced glutathione (GSH) and 1-chloro
      2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrates. The inhibition of the GST activity was
      dose dependent, but not linear. The different GST isoenzymes were inhibited to
      different degrees. Kinetic studies never revealed competitive inhibition, with
      CDNB or with GSH as the variable substrate. Titration of remaining GSH in
      appropriate incubation mixtures with organomercurials revealed no GST catalyzed
      conjugation of these compounds with GSH. These experiments showed a spontaneous
      conjugation of the mercury compounds with GSH, explaining the parabolic
      inhibition observed in the kinetic studies with GSH as the variable substrate.
      Both organic and inorganic mercury are spontaneously conjugated with GSH, but
      interact with GST by direct binding to these proteins. This binding could have a
      protective function against mercury. No qualitative differences between organic
      and inorganic mercury were detected.

PMID- 4034632
TI  - [Selected procedures for the manufacture of containers for the production of
      drugs containing volatile elements. 90. Problems in the filling of plastic drug
      containers with fluid drug preparations].

PMID- 4034633
TI  - [Synthesis of N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-amidinophenylalanine amides as thrombin
      inhibitors].
AB  - Based on 4-cyanophenylalanine, the title compounds had been obtained by
      benzyloxycarbonylation of the amino group, subsequent formation of the activated
      ester by 4-nitrophenol, its aminolysis and at least change of the cyano function
      to the amidine function via thiocarbamides and thioimid acid esters. The
      inhibitor effect against thrombin of the pyrrolidid 16 is analogous to those of
      the adequate N alpha-tosyl compound.

PMID- 4034634
TI  - 5-(2-Oxo-3-indolinylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione-1,3-di-Mannich base derivatives:
      synthesis and evaluation for antileukemic activity.
AB  - A novel series of 5-(2-oxo-3-indolinylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione, having the 1-
      and 3-positions of the isatin and thiazolidine rings respectively, substituted by
      various Mannich bases, was prepared. Five compounds were evaluated for
      antileukemic activity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia in the mouse. The di
      Mannich base with a dimethylamino component exhibited the highest activity of the
      tested compounds. Introduction of bromine into the aromatic moiety of isatin ring
      (position 5) increased the activity of the parent molecule to a smaller extent.

PMID- 4034635
TI  - [The purity testing of drugs and drug preparations according to flexible
      pharmacopoeia instructions].
AB  - It is well known, that the quality standards of the various pharmacopoeias are
      based on certain procedures of synthesis or preparation concerning the drugs.
      Altering the manufacturing methods or importing these drugs from different
      producers, it may arise that the examined substance will formally come up to the
      quality directions of the pharmacopoeia agreed upon, but will contain possible,
      critical contaminations which are beyond the pharmacopoeia directions of
      examinations.

PMID- 4034636
TI  - [The structure of degradation products of neostigmine bromide].
AB  - In aqueous temperature-stressed solutions of neostigmine bromide besides the
      known product of hydrolysis additional degradation products were discovered,
      detected by TLC and HPLC. By means of spectroscopic studies (1H-NMR, IR, UV, MS)
      and elemental analysis the isolated decomposition products were identified as 3
      hydroxyphenyltrimethylammonium bromide (2), 3-dimethylaminophenol (3), 3
      dimethylaminophenyl-dimethylcarbamate (4), 3-methylaminophenyl-dimethylcarbamate
      (5), 3-aminophenyl-dimethylcarbamate (6) and 4 (resp. 6)-bromo-3
      dimethylaminophenyl-dimethylcarbamate (7). The structures of 2-7 were confirmed
      by comparison with synthesized authentic compounds.

PMID- 4034637
TI  - [Photochemical reactivity of methaqualone-1-oxide].
AB  - The photoreactivity of methaqualone-1-oxide a main metabolite of the hypnotic
      methaqualone has been studied in polar and apolar solvents using UV- and
      daylight. Five photoproducts were isolated and identified by their analytical
      behaviour (TLC, UV, IR, high-resolution MS). The structure of the compounds 4, 6,
      7, and 8 refer to unstable, reactive intermediates (oxaziridine, biradical)
      during the photolysis.

PMID- 4034638
TI  - [Determination of aminophylline and promethazine in suppositories].
AB  - A method for the determination of theophylline and promethazine in suppositories
      is proposed which allows the determination of both components in a single
      suppositorium. The ingredients were extracted by hot water and addition of a
      little bit of sulfuric acid. Theophylline is determined potentiometrically
      without separation of promethazine by titrating the acid which is set free after
      addition of silver nitrate. Promethazine is separated by ether in alkaline
      medium, reextracted in HCl (0,1 mol/l) and determined colorimetrically. The
      precision of both methods is good. The results of the determination in the
      suppositories are given.

PMID- 4034639
TI  - [Dissolution processes and surface alteration. 4. Determination of the
      "effective" surface].
AB  - A method is described for measuring the "effective" surface of a drug by means of
      dissolution parameters using the Paddle-model or a resorption-model respectively.
      The obtained values were compared with the specific surface which was determined
      by BET-technique. The "effective" surfaces obtained by means of the dissolution
      parameters are smaller than those determined BET-technique.

PMID- 4034640
TI  - Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric assay of prazosin hydrochloride in tablet
      form.

PMID- 4034641
TI  - [Determination of the limiting value of various analgesics in the blood and urine
      by means of thin layer chromatography using adsorbent resin Y29].

PMID- 4034642
TI  - [A modified gas chromatographic method for the determination of propranolol in
      blood plasma].

PMID- 4034643
TI  - [Molecular cavity filling and tabletting with beta-cyclodextrin].

PMID- 4034644
TI  - [The enhancement of solubility of problem drugs. 5. Solubility of griseofulvin
      methylcellulose-PEG coprecipitates].

PMID- 4034645
TI  - [The enhancement of solubility of problem drugs. 6. Antimycotic effectiveness of
      various griseofulvin preparations on Trichophyton mentagrophytes].

PMID- 4034646
TI  - [The effect of propranolol on the pentetrazole-induced spindle activity in the
      EEG of the rat].

PMID- 4034647
TI  - [The micelle catalysis of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide on phenylalanine
      arylation by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene].
AB  - The reaction of phenylalanine with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene is increased by
      substances forming micells. As against the basic test, the increase is not
      dependent on conditions using solutions of 2.42 X 10(-3) mol phenylalanine and
      1.62 X 10(-4) mol dinitrofluorobenzene the rate constant of the reaction
      proportionally increases by addition of 6.2 X 10(-4) to 4.4 X 10(-3) mol
      cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide solution, then remains constant and finally
      decreases with further increase of the concentration. These curves could
      continuously be registered with varying pH values, although the basic and the
      catalytic reaction rate of both the reactions will increase according to the pH
      value with any buffer. A further increase of the basic and the catalyzed
      reactions can be enabled by increasing the temperature. The validity of the
      Arrhenius equation could be proved.

PMID- 4034648
TI  - [Preparation of soluble drug bead polymerisates as the basis of epoxide resins].
AB  - It is reported about the embedding of good water soluble drugs in epoxides and it
      is demonstrated, that the selection of the tempers influences the liberation of
      drugs from the bead polymers.

PMID- 4034649
TI  - Suppositories containing cyclodextrin complexes. Part 2: Dissolution and
      absorption studies.
AB  - The dissolution and absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs from rectal
      suppositories can be enhanced by complexing these substances (e.g., essential
      oils, indomethacin) with beta-cyclodextrin. Preliminary in vivo studies showed,
      that the application of cyclodextrin complexes to suppositories, the same as to
      oral applications, resulted in an increased blood level.

PMID- 4034650
TI  - [Improvement of the solubility of problem drugs. 1. Production of iomeglamic acid
      fused and solidified products].
AB  - The insoluble X-ray diagnostic iomeglamic acid could be converted to a more
      soluble modification by melting and solidifying it in liquid nitrogen. The
      amorphous state is proved by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis.
      During storage, recristallisation of the product appears. By means of the proved
      amorphous state, it seems possible to determine the amount of the amorphous
      state, which makes the drug more soluble from solid dispersions.

PMID- 4034651
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ethimizol in man.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ethimizol were studied in healthy volunteers given 1
      mg/kg i.v. or 2 mg/kg orally. The serum concentrations of ethimizol were
      determined by HPLC. After i.v. infusion the kinetics of ethimizol could be
      described by a one-compartment model in 4 and by a two-compartment model in 1
      subject. The elimination half-lives ranged from 34.1 to 79.2 min and the apparent
      volumes of distribution from 0.4 to 1.3 l/kg. After oral administration, the
      absorption half-lives ranged from 7.3 to 57.1 min. The absolute bioavailability
      varied between 3.6 and 22.2%. The binding of ethimizol to plasma proteins was
      less than 10%.

PMID- 4034652
TI  - Determination of some cardiac drugs using an ionselective chloride electrode and
      a silver electrode.
AB  - To determine hydrochlorides of butobendin, carbocromen, hexobendin, lidocaine,
      procainamide, todrazoline in pharmaceutical preparations, two analytical
      techniques were applied: the direct potentiometric method (from a standard curve)
      using an ion-selective chloride electrode and the method of potentiometric
      titration using a silver electrode as well as an ion-selective chloride electrode
      (indirect method). A statistical analysis has been carried out, and statistical
      tests were applied to compare the methods used.

PMID- 4034653
TI  - [Bioavailability of 2 piracetam preparations].

PMID- 4034654
TI  - [Drug permeation through synthetic lipoid membranes. 18. The mechanism of ion
      pair permeation proton countertransport].

PMID- 4034655
TI  - [The effect of water structure on the hydrogelling of polymethylmethacrylates.
      The ice theory of hydrogels].

PMID- 4034656
TI  - Beta-casomorphin affects fast and slow action potentials in ventricular
      myocardium.

PMID- 4034658
TI  - Living, learning, and loopholes.

PMID- 4034657
TI  - [The anticonvulsant effect of propranolol in maximal electroshock in sub chronic
      applications].

PMID- 4034659
TI  - "First-come first-served": analysis of an allocation principle.

PMID- 4034660
TI  - A physician's opportunity to contribute in the arts.

PMID- 4034661
TI  - No-fault compensation for human subjects injured in biomedical research: a public
      policy conflict.

PMID- 4034663
TI  - Patients: character-building teachers.

PMID- 4034662
TI  - Social censorship of medical and ethical decisions.

PMID- 4034664
TI  - Past and present.

PMID- 4034665
TI  - A woman doctor in Victorian fiction.

PMID- 4034666
TI  - Lower extremity weight bearing under various standing conditions in independently
      ambulatory patients with hemiparesis.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine if differences exist in weight
      bearing through the paretic and nonparetic lower extremities during various
      bilateral standing conditions. We used digital scales to measure weight bearing
      among 25 hemiparetic patients as they stood comfortably, as they alternately
      shifted as much weight as possible to each lower extremity, and as they
      alternately stood with each foot on a step. Patients bore significantly more
      weight (p less than .001) on their nonparetic than on their paretic lower limb
      during comfortable standing. They bore significantly more weight on their
      nonparetic extremity when shifting as much weight as possible to it than they did
      on their paretic extremity when shifting as much weight as possible to it (p less
      than .001). They bore significantly more weight (p less than .001) on the lower
      extremity that was not on the step during step standing. For patients comparable
      to those tested, standing with one lower limb on a 17-cm step should facilitate
      weight bearing through the contralateral lower limb.

PMID- 4034667
TI  - Effects of mental practice on balance in elderly women.
AB  - This experimental field study examined the potential usefulness of mental
      practice for improving physical performance in health care. Ideokinetic
      facilitation, which involves the use of idealized visual and kinesthetic mental
      images, was used as mental practice. Thirty-six women over the age of 70 were
      assigned to one of three intervention groups: Group A, nonsense; Group B,
      relaxation; or Group C, ideokinetic facilitation. Baseline and final measures of
      one-legged balance time were compared after a three-day intervention period.
      Results showed significant improvement between baseline and final measures within
      Group C only (t = 2.64, p less than or equal to .05). The improvement in Group C,
      however, was not significantly more than the improvement in Groups A and B. This
      study suggests that mental practice of a physical task can improve performance
      and may be of use to the physical therapy clinician.

PMID- 4034668
TI  - Reliability of goniometric measurements in patients with Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy.
AB  - Previous studies of reliability of goniometric measurements have produced varied
      findings suggesting the need to document further the reliability of measuring
      range of motion in different patient groups. The purpose of this study was to
      determine the intratester and intertester reliability of goniometric measurements
      of seven common upper and lower extremity joint limitations in children with
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Five physical therapists participated in the study.
      The procedure and order of measurements were standardized. Results showed that
      intratester reliability for all measurements was high (ICC = .81 to .94), but
      intertester reliability showed a wide variation (ICC = .25 to .91). The results
      of this study indicate the need to use the same examiner for long-term follow-up
      and for assessing results of specific treatment interventions.

PMID- 4034669
TI  - Lumbar traction: its effect on respiration.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of lumbar traction on
      inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), tidal volume (TV), and respiratory rate (fb).
      Using an 8-L recording spirometer, we measured the above values on 30 healthy
      volunteers during three conditions--lying supine, lying supine with a traction
      garment applied, and lying supine with the traction garment and a distractive
      force applied. The differences in IVC, TV, and fb among the three conditions were
      examined by using an analysis of variance for repeated measures followed by a
      Tukey test. Statistically significant differences were found for IVC, TV, and fb
      among the three conditions (p less than .001). The results indicated that IVC and
      TV were lowest and fb was highest when the distractive force was applied to the
      traction garment. We suggest that when lumbar traction is used for patients who
      have respiratory disease, the patients should be observed closely for signs of
      respiratory distress during the first few treatments.

PMID- 4034671
TI  - Physical therapy competencies in rheumatology.
AB  - Physical therapists and rheumatologists in the United States were surveyed to
      determine what they perceived as the necessary competencies in rheumatology for
      the entry-level physical therapist. Physical therapists in clinical education
      programs (n = 100), those who belonged to the Arthritis Health Professionals
      Association (n = 108), and rheumatologists belonging to the American Rheumatism
      Association (n = 80) responded to a questionnaire consisting of items related to
      educational variables of interest, professional experience, and 80 competencies.
      The respondents determined that 35 competencies were absolutely essential, 39
      were frequently essential, and 6 were useful but not essential. Identification of
      these competencies should assist the faculty in physical therapy educational
      programs to prepare the entry-level physical therapist to be competent to treat
      arthritis patients.

PMID- 4034670
TI  - Effects of an inverted position on blood pressure, pulse rate, and deep tendon
      reflexes of healthy young adults.
AB  - This study reports the effects of an inverted position on pulse rate, blood
      pressure, and deep tendon reflexes of the biceps muscle, triceps muscle, and
      Achilles tendon. Twenty healthy adults were used as subjects. We collected data
      both before and after the subjects were in the inverted position for eight
      minutes on a specially designed tonic labyrinthine inverted table. A significant
      decrease in systolic blood pressure and all tendon reflexes was observed along
      with a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure (p less than .05). Pulse
      rate showed no change. The findings indicate that the inverted position is likely
      to be effective for decreasing muscle tone and systolic blood pressure. Although
      this study used healthy subjects, the inverted position may be used as a
      therapeutic technique, provided the clinician monitors closely the physiological
      effects on patients.

PMID- 4034672
TI  - Wedge maneuver message.

PMID- 4034673
TI  - New enzymatic changes of L-cystathionine catalyzed by bovine tissue extracts.
AB  - L-Cystathionine was used as substrate for enzyme systems prepared by heating
      bovine tissue extracts in the presence of pyruvate at 60 degrees C for 10 min.
      Analysis of the products indicated that the systems converted L-cystathionine
      into the cyclic ketimine form which was detected by its spectral properties and
      by chromatography on the amino acid analyzer. Alanine, alpha-aminobutyrate and
      cystine were also produced. Pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate enhance the
      production of the ketimine by liver, kidney and heart extracts, and are necessary
      for the brain extracts: alpha-Ketoglutarate is much less effective and its
      presence favors the production of homocystine by all the extracts. Homocystine
      was found in the brain incubates when any of the ketoacids assayed were added.
      The overall reaction is explained by the action of heat stable cystathionine
      gamma-lyase and beta-synthase which produce alpha-ketobutyrate and pyruvate used
      for the transamination of the remaining cystathionine to the monoketoacid. This
      last compound cyclizes spontaneously into the ketimine form thus avoiding the
      removal of the second amino group. This represents a new nontransulfurative path
      leading to the production of a seven membered etherocyclic product whose
      biochemical implications are yet unexplored.

PMID- 4034674
TI  - Contrast enhancement of spontaneous animal CNS tumors with gadolinium DTPA: a
      correlation of MRI with x-ray CT.
AB  - A visual comparison was made between both pre-contrast and post-contrast x-ray
      computerized tomographic images (X-CT) and magnetic resonance tomographic images
      (MRI) of spontaneous CNS tumors in three animals. The contrast agents, HypaqueR
      76 (X-CT) and Gadolinium DTPA (MRI), were administered as an intravenous bolus
      injection. The parameters for comparison of pre- and post-contrast features
      included: lesion discrimination, demarcation, and intensity and pattern of
      enhancement. Necropsy specimens were included to correlate the anatomic fidelity
      of scan appearances for each modality and to establish a final diagnosis. There
      was good visual correlation of the lesion site with both X-CT and MRI. The
      intensity of lesion enhancement with the contrast reagents was similar for each
      modality but there were subtle differences in the pattern of enhancement.
      Overall, MRI in conjunction with the contrast agent Gadolinium DTPA, was as good
      or better at delineating the presence and extent of CNS tumors than contrast
      enhanced X-CT. Contrast agents may be necessary to provide increased lesion
      detectability and delineation when imaging with magnetic resonance.

PMID- 4034675
TI  - NMR in vitro measurements: a quality control study of the RADX table-top
      spectrometer.
AB  - A series of experiments was performed to evaluate the accuracy and
      reproducibility of relaxation values obtained by two RADX table-top spectrometers
      operating at 5 MHz (R5) and 10 MHz (R10) respectively. The output (T1, T2, and
      proton content) of each machine was compared (for tissue specimens and
      paramagnetic solutions) to reference spectrometers. In the range of tissue T1's,
      R5 overestimates T1 by approx. 10% and R10 underestimates by approx. 23%. For
      tissue specimens, the T2 output of both machines is within 3% of the reference
      facility. Proton content values correlate well with the % wet weight of tissues
      (y = .46x + 24, r = .85) but accuracy deteriorates badly if tissue T1 greater
      than 400 msec or T2 greater than 300 msec. The output of both machines is
      accurate and reproducible within 5% over the range of tissue relaxation values
      (biological fluids excluded).

PMID- 4034676
TI  - 31P-NMR studies on the energy metabolism of the living rat brain using a surface
      coil method.
AB  - We have examined the changes of the energetic metabolic state of rat and mouse
      brains under hypoxic hypoxia or ischemia using a 31P-NMR spectrometer with a
      surface coil. The NMR spectrometer has a super-conducting magnet providing a
      homogeneous magnetic field of 6.3 tesla. A probe was remodelled to accommodate an
      experimental animal in it. The animals were anesthetized with 1.0% or 1.5%
      halothane throughout the experiments. The optimal measurement conditions were a
      90 degrees pulse width of 20 microsecond, and a 2 sec pulse repetition time. 200
      acquisitions of FIDs was required for high spatially resolved signals. The
      Pcr/ATP ratio of the live, anesthetized rat brains was 1.76 +/- 0.46 (n = 8) for
      cerebra and 1.63 +/- 0.11 (n = 4) for cerebella. That of gerbil brains was 1.23
      +/- 0.09 (n = 4). The Pcr/ATP ratio did not show any significant changes under
      both the conditions of hypoxic hypoxia or ischemia. The value of Pcr/Pi ratio
      decreased in the hypoxic conditions. The level of Pcr. of rat cerebrum decreased
      by 76.8 +/- 10.5% at 10% oxygen and by 57.3 +/- 15.7% at 5% oxygen compared with
      the value of 20% oxygen. The ATP level in the rat brain also decreased according
      to the degree of hypoxia. Cerebral ischemia was produced in the gerbil by
      ligation of the common carotid artery. The levels of Pcr. and ATP were severely
      depressed in the ischemic hemisphere but those of the intact side remained
      normal.

PMID- 4034677
TI  - Retardation of embryogenesis by extremely low frequency 60 Hz electromagnetic
      fields.
AB  - Fertilized Medaka fish eggs were used to determine if electromagnetic fields,
      designed to simulate those beneath a high voltage power line, have biological
      effects on vertebrate embryo development. The newly fertilized eggs were exposed
      to a 60 Hz electrical field of 300 mA/m2 current density, a 60 Hz magnetic field
      of 1.0 gauss RMS, or to the combined electric plus magnetic fields for 48 hours.
      No gross abnormalities were observed in any of the embryos as they developed, but
      significant development delays were seen in those embryos exposed to either the
      magnetic or to the combined electromagnetic fields; delays were not seen in the
      embryos exposed to the electrical field. Thus, a 60 Hz magnetic field like that
      encountered in a man made powerline environment was shown to retard development
      of fish embryos.

PMID- 4034678
TI  - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of excised rat brain. Assignment of
      resonances.
AB  - We have recorded 1H NMR spectra of excised rat brain at 361 MHz using two
      different water suppression pulse sequences. The assignment of the resonances has
      been carried out in perchloric acid extracts and subcellular fractions. Our
      results show that cytosolic proteins, membrane phospholipids and 16 different
      metabolites contribute to the observed spectra. The new resonances assigned allow
      the direct observation of myo-inositol and urea. Moreover, changes in the
      spectral pattern upon anesthesia, ischemic exposure of the brain and age of the
      rat have been recorded and correlated with the compounds producing the spectra.

PMID- 4034679
TI  - Influence of Mn(II) on NMR relaxation times of biological fluids.
AB  - The extent that various concentrations of the paramagnetic metal ion manganese
      [Mn(II)] affect nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times was studied in
      vitro. Serial dilutions of Mn(II) were prepared in distilled water, 4% human
      serum albumin, dog plasma, dog gallbladder bile, and dog hepatic bile. T1 and T2
      of each were measured at 10.7 M Hz using magnetization recovery and spin-echo
      radiofrequency sequences, respectively. The results show that relaxation rates
      (1/T1 and 1/T2) increase in a linear manner with increasing concentration of
      Mn(II) in all of the solutions tested. Mn(II) dissolved in dog gallbladder and
      hepatic bile, dog plasma, and 4% human serum albumin reduced relaxation times to
      a greater extent than Mn(II) in water. T1 times were reduced to a greater extent
      than T2 values. Thus, in T1 weighted magnetic resonance images, the NMR signal
      used to produce images would be more sensitive to the presence of Mn(II) in these
      biological fluids than in water. Furthermore, the magnitude of this in vivo
      effect of Mn(II) on NMR relaxation parameters depends not only on the
      concentration of this paramagnetic ion, but also on the constituents comprising
      the biological fluids (intra- and extracellular water, bile, plasma) and the
      nature of the chemical molecular interactions between these constituents and
      Mn(II).

PMID- 4034680
TI  - Effects of protracted exposure to low intensity radio frequency fields on CHO
      cells in culture.
AB  - This study was performed in order to investigate the biological effects of
      chronic exposure to low intensity radio frequency fields. By using CHO cells in
      culture, it was possible to extend exposure to several cell generations. The RF
      field consisted of a 27 MHz magnetic field (6 A/m), which produces a specific
      absorption rate of 1 W/kg. Exposure was continued for two to five days. The cells
      were then studied with respect to certain cell biological parameters: vital
      staining, plating efficiency, growth rate, volume and physical properties of the
      intracellular water, as measured by NMR. Scanning electron microscopy studies
      were also performed. A significant difference between exposed and control cells
      was found only with respect to intracellular water. A 10% decrease in line width
      which may indicate a corresponding increase in the spin-spin relaxation time was
      noted after exposure. A change in the colony forming pattern was also observed in
      thin cultures after two days of exposure.

PMID- 4034681
TI  - The comparative influence of anesthetics on the in vitro proton NMR relaxation
      times in rat liver.
AB  - To determine the effect of anesthetics on liver relaxation times in rat, two
      experiments were performed. In the first experiment, normal and protein-depleted
      rats underwent total hepatectomy under ether anesthesia or following
      decapitation. In the second experiment, livers were excised from normal rats
      under ketamine or pentobarbital anesthesia, or following decapitation. Hepatic T1
      and T2 were measured for all animals using a RADX 10 MHz spin analyzer. Ketamine
      produced T1 values significantly different from decapitation. Ketamine,
      pentobarbital, and ether in normal animals all produced T2 values significantly
      different from decapitation. It is apparent that anesthetization of rats prior to
      in vitro measurement of hepatic relaxation times is not equivalent to
      decapitation; nor are the anesthetics examined equivalent to one another.

PMID- 4034682
TI  - The effect of lateral mobility on the binding and reaction rate at membrane
      sites.
AB  - The rates of membrane processes like transport, hormone action and enzyme
      reaction depend on the prevailing temperature. Arrhenius plots of such rates show
      a break at the phase transition temperature. We have very little insight into the
      molecular mechanism of the effect of phase transition on the membrane phenomena.
      In general above this temperature there is an onset of two dimensional mobility
      of the surface sites. Here, we point out that the binding of ligands to these
      sites should then be described by an adsorption isotherm appropriate for mobile
      rather than fixed sites. This introduces an additional factor in the rate
      equation, which correlates well with the observed changes in the rates at
      membrane sites on gel to liquid crystalline transition.

PMID- 4034684
TI  - Physiology laboratories quantifying gas exchange in health and disease.

PMID- 4034683
TI  - Dependence of magnetic resonance image (MRI) intensity values on relaxation
      times, pulse intervals and other signal attenuation factors.
AB  - Magnetic resonance image (MRI) pixel intensities were investigated using a
      phantom containing several uniform size chambers filled with solutions of known
      relaxation times, as well as head scans of patients and volunteers. Intensities
      were measured with a variety of pulse intervals typically used for imaging with
      spin echo, (SE) and inversion recovery (IR) sequences at 0.15 Tesla using the
      back projection (R-THETA) method, and at 0.27 Tesla using the 2-dimensional
      Fourier transform (2DFT) technique. The results were compared with the calculated
      dependence of MRI signal intensity on relaxation times and pulse interval
      parameters using the well known functions containing exponential forms. The
      experimental and the calculated pixel intensity time dependence did not always
      agree. We infer that factors other than the conventional functions for T1 and T2
      signal decay are important. These factors may include the attenuation of the
      radiofrequency (RF) signals through inhomogenious lossy dielectric materials
      (e.g., tissues and organs), the location (coordinate) of the portion of the
      sample to be imaged relative to the RF coils, and the timing and amplitude of
      gradient pulses relative to the RF input and the detected signals. The flow
      velocity and diffusions are also important determinants of the signal from blood
      vessels and body fluids. We point out the necessity for further investigation
      toward more comprehensive understanding of MRI intensities.

PMID- 4034685
TI  - Regulation of energy balance.

PMID- 4034686
TI  - Age effects on passive avoidance behavior of vasopressin-deficient Brattleboros.
AB  - Experiments in which vasopressin-deficient Brattleboros were tested in a passive
      avoidance procedure have yielded contradictory results. Some investigators
      observed the passive avoidance behavior of these subjects to be inferior to that
      of normal controls, while others failed to observe such differences. Inspection
      of the literature suggested that age differences between subjects which
      participated in these experiments might be responsible for the discrepancy. In
      the present experiment, HO-DI and HE Brattleboro rats of different ages were
      tested in the standard passive avoidance task. Passive avoidance performance of
      HO-DIs was, indeed, influenced by the age of the subject at the time of testing;
      HO-DIs reentered the shock compartment sooner than HE at 35 days, but later than
      HE at 120 days. There was no difference between the two groups of subjects at 60
      days. The percentage of HO-DIs which reentered the shock compartment on the post
      shock trial decreased with increasing age.

PMID- 4034687
TI  - Schedule-induced wheel-running: effects of exposure to the schedule.
AB  - Rats were given access to a running wheel from a chamber where milk was delivered
      according to a fixed-time 1-min schedule. For most animals the effect of the
      schedule was to decrease wheel-running rate below that during massed
      reinforcement control sessions. With further exposure to the schedule wheel
      running rate tended to increase and a well-defined temporal pattern developed.
      Subsequent exposure to the control condition caused an initial increase and then,
      in most cases, a decline in wheel-running rate. Re-exposure to the schedule
      increased wheel-running rates in three out of four subjects and the temporal
      pattern developed more rapidly. Judgement as to whether a particular behavior
      pattern is schedule-induced or not can only be reliably made when there is strong
      evidence that the overall rate and temporal pattern of the behavior are stable.
      Wheel-running appears to be a schedule-induced behavior under some experimental
      conditions.

PMID- 4034688
TI  - Effects of oestradiol 17B, progesterone and testosterone upon proceptivity and
      receptivity in ovariectomized common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - The sexual behaviour of eight pairs of marmosets was observed during blocks of 30
      minute tests after the ovariectomized female partners were treated with
      physiological doses of testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone. The effects of
      an intra-vaginal progesterone treatment were also investigated. Pre-ovulatory
      levels of oestradiol significantly increased the females' proceptive and
      receptive tongue-flicking displays and reduced the percentage of mounts refused.
      Mid-luteal levels of progesterone, by comparison, virtually abolished proceptive
      and receptive tongue-flicking and significantly increased mount refusals.
      Testosterone treatment was without effect. Vaginal application of progesterone
      unlike subcutaneous implantation of the hormone did not significantly alter the
      females' sexual behaviour. These results indicate that central actions of
      oestradiol and progesterone upon proceptivity and receptivity may occur in this
      primate, although further research using intra-cranial implants of these steroids
      is required to test this hypothesis.

PMID- 4034689
TI  - Avoidance and escape components of leg position learning in the prothoracic and
      mesothoracic ganglia of the cockroach, P. americana.
AB  - Prothoracic and mesothoracic legs of headless cockroaches with only a ventral
      nerve cord were trained to lift their legs when shock occurred. The prothoracic
      leg showed both avoidance learning (a decrease over time in the frequency of leg
      extension) and escape learning (a decrease in extension duration following shock
      receipt). The mesothoracic leg showed avoidance learning as fast and as well as
      the prothoracic leg but was unable to support escape learning. Furthermore, the
      avoidance component of prothoracic learning showed longer-term retention of
      several hours whereas the escape component showed only shorter-term retention
      which did not last 15 minutes.

PMID- 4034690
TI  - State-dependent learning following electrical stimulation of the hippocampus:
      intact and split-brain rats.
AB  - In experiment 1, electrical stimulation of the posterior hippocampus was shown to
      produce state-dependent learning (SDL) for a step-out inhibitory avoidance task
      in rats. Stimulation sites in either the right or left hippocampus were equally
      effective in producing this effect. Similarly, the presence or absence of
      afterdischarge (AD) following the stimulation did not differentially affect
      performance on the task. In experiment 2, forebrain bisection ameliorated the
      behavioral deficits in the animals receiving stimulation before testing but not
      before training (N/S group), while those stimulated before training but not
      before testing (S/N group) remained impaired; thus, providing a demonstration of
      asymmetrical SDL. Variations in extent of the commissurotomy differentially
      affected the laterality of the afterdischarge but not the performance in the SDL
      task. Speculation as to the mechanisms of this SDL effect was presented.

PMID- 4034691
TI  - Periodic water availability is not a potent zeitgeber for entrainment of
      circadian locomotor rhythms in rats.
AB  - Entrainment of tilt-cage measured circadian activity rhythms to a 2 hr daily
      period of water availability was assessed in rats fed either an oil-chow mash,
      which rats readily consume in the absence of water, or dry pellet chow, which
      rats less readily consume in the absence of water. Four of 6 pellet fed rats but
      only 2 of 14 mash fed rats exhibited entrainment to water access. Periodic water
      availability, unlike periodic food availability, thus does not appear to be a
      potent zeitgeber for circadian activity rhythms in the rat. The entrainment that
      does occur in some rats may result from shifting of food intake to coincide with
      the availability of water.

PMID- 4034692
TI  - Participation of cholinergic and adrenergic synapses of the medial septal area
      (MSA) in the natriuretic and kaliuretic responses to intraventricular hypertonic
      saline (NaCl).
AB  - The microinjection of hypertonic sodium chloride into the third ventricle elicits
      natriuresis and kaliuresis in rats following water loading. These responses were
      blocked by atropine or phentolamine microinjection into the MSA. The data suggest
      the interaction between periventricular areas sensible to changes of sodium
      concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and MSA. Cholinergic and alpha
      adrenergic synapses of MSA are involved in this interaction which regulates renal
      sodium excretion.

PMID- 4034693
TI  - Adipose tissue mobilization is unaffected by obesifying hypothalamic knife cuts.
AB  - Unilateral electrolytic lesions of the medial hypothalamus have previously been
      reported to spare starvation-induced lipid mobilization from the ipsilateral
      retroperitoneal fat pad. This suggests that deficient lipid mobilization
      contributes to the enhanced lipid deposition which results when such lesions are
      bilateral. In contrast, unilateral parasagittal hypothalamic knife cuts, which
      also obesify when bilateral, failed to prevent starvation-induced ipsilateral
      lipid mobilization. This finding indicates that impairment of neurally mediated
      lipid mobilization is probably neither a necessary nor a sufficient feature of
      hypothalamic obesity.

PMID- 4034694
TI  - Dehydration-induced sodium appetite in rats.
AB  - The effect of 24 hr water deprivation on Na balance was studied in rats. Under
      baseline conditions, the animals had free access to food and water. During water
      deprivation, Na excretion was increased, Na intake (i.e., food intake) was
      decreased and Na deficits of 0.8-1.0 mmol were incurred. During the 24 hr period
      immediately following the deprivation period when water was returned, Na
      excretion was decreased and Na balance was restored to baseline or pre
      deprivation level. In a second series of experiments, under baseline conditions,
      the animals had free access to food, water and 0.5 M NaCl. During water
      deprivation with NaCl solution withheld, Na excretion was not changed relative to
      baseline but Na deficits of 0.8-1.0 mmol were incurred due to decreased Na
      intake. During the 24 hr period immediately following deprivation when both water
      and NaCl solution were returned, intake of the hypertonic NaCl solution was
      increased and Na balance was restored. In a third series of experiments, under
      baseline conditions, the animals had free access to food, water, 0.5 M NaCl, 0.5
      M KCl, 0.25 M of MgCl2 and 0.25 M CaCl2. During the 24 hr period following water
      deprivation and also the withholding of the electrolyte solutions, the appetite
      induced was predominantly for NaCl. The results suggest that the Na appetite
      observed subsequent to a period of water deprivation may be due to Na deficiency.

PMID- 4034695
TI  - Effects of size hierarchy on surfacing behaviour and conversion rate in an air
      breathing fish Channa striatus.
AB  - Effects of size hierachy on surfacing behaviour and food conversion rate in
      relation to density and feeding frequency were studied in Channa striatus. In
      general, crowding increased surfacing frequency in all the weight classes, but
      affected the food conversion rate of small individuals alone. At any tested
      density, conversion rate of smaller individual was depressed by the presence of
      larger individuals; increased feeding frequency did not compensate the negative
      effects of density. The possible reasons for growth inhibition are: (1) The
      smaller individuals spend much of their time and energy to escape from the
      aggressive larger ones than on feeding, and (2) the smaller individuals spend a
      considerable amount of assimilated food energy on increased surface activity.
      Unlike density, frequency of feeding improved the conversion rate of both the
      weight classes and it suggests that the larger individuals could compensate the
      negative effects of crowding by increased feeding.

PMID- 4034696
TI  - Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat.
AB  - Fifteen rats were tested for amplitude reduction of the acoustic startle response
      using auditory and visual prestimuli. Eight subjects then received large lesions
      of the inferior colliculus, and the remaining subjects served as normal controls.
      All animals were reassessed on a post-test identical to the pre-test. In
      addition, all subjects were tested for latency reduction of startle using
      auditory prestimuli. There were no significant differences between groups on the
      pre-test for startle amplitude, visual amplitude reduction, or auditory amplitude
      reduction, nor did the control group differ significantly on these measures from
      pre-test to post-test. After surgery, the lesion group displayed a large,
      significant increase in startle amplitude. Auditory prestimuli were no longer
      effective in reducing startle amplitude in this group, but visual prestimuli
      still produced reliable amplitude reduction. Both groups displayed reliable
      latency reduction to auditory prestimuli; the groups were not significantly
      different from each other on this measure. These data support the proposition
      that the inferior colliculus is part of a neural circuit for startle amplitude
      reduction by auditory prestimuli.

PMID- 4034697
TI  - Involvement of the anterior insular gustatory neocortex in taste-potentiated odor
      aversion learning.
AB  - When an odor conditioned stimulus (CS) precedes illness (unconditioned stimulus;
      UCS), rats acquire relatively weak odor aversions. Conversely, when a compound
      odor-taste (flavor) CS precedes illness, rats acquire robust aversions both to
      the odor and to the taste components of a compound flavor CS. Thus, tastes
      potentiate odor-illness aversions during toxiphobic conditioning. Such
      conditioning effects have been referred to as taste-potentiated odor aversion
      learning (POA). Previous neurobehavioral experiments have shown that the anterior
      insular gustatory neocortex contributes to conditioned taste aversion (CTA)
      learning. The present experiment examined the involvement of the anterior insular
      gustatory neocortex in CTA learning and POA learning. To that end, four distinct
      groups of rats received bilateral electrolytic lesion placements in the
      orbitofrontal neocortex, the "somatic" gustatory neocortex, the anterior insular
      gustatory neocortex or the posterior insular neocortex. Control animals received
      anesthesia only. Subgroups of animals thereafter received aversion conditioning
      using either an odor (almond) CS or a compound odor-taste (almond-saccharin) CS.
      Aversions to the almond odorant and/or saccharin tastant were evaluated during
      extinction. Results indicated that animals lacking orbitofrontal neocortex or
      posterior insular neocortex acquired normal CTAs and POAs. Animals lacking
      somatic gustatory neocortex exhibited impaired CTA learning, yet those animals
      showed normal POA learning. Lesions centered in the anterior insular neocortex
      impaired both CTA learning and POA learning. These results demonstrate that the
      insular gustatory neocortex is uniquely involved in the higher-order integration
      of odors, tastes and illness.

PMID- 4034698
TI  - Hibernation "trigger" alters renal function in the primate.
AB  - Macaque monkeys acclimatized to a restraint chair were fitted with indwelling
      venous and urinary catheters. After basal rates of urine production and
      creatinine clearance were determined, a 50 mg dose of plasma dialysate albumin
      fraction obtained from the woodchuck was administered intravenously in a total
      volume of 2.5 ml. Plasma fractions were collected during the winter interval of
      hibernation (hibernation "trigger" or HT), or during the summer active (SAWA)
      period. Although the SAWA fraction exerted no effects on renal function, HT
      caused a significant reduction in creatinine clearance. In addition, a tendency
      toward reduced urine flow and creatinine production occurred following the HT
      infusion. These findings suggest that over and above the hypothermia, aphagia and
      opioid-like behavioral depression induced by HT, the albumin fraction (HT)
      present endogenously in the woodchuck during winter torpor, exerts a direct
      action on the kidney of the primate, possibly on the mechanisms underlying
      glomerular filtration and the tubular reabsorption process.

PMID- 4034699
TI  - Mapping of open-field behavior in rats and integration of various independent
      study results.
AB  - Open field behavior of four treatment groups was plotted on a map by factor
      scores which were derived from principal component analysis. The treatment
      consisted of electric shock, extensive stroking, testing under a very dim-light
      condition, or testing after habituation to the field. Five measures were used:
      ambulation, penetration into the inner square, rearing, defecation, and
      urination. The first two principal components accounted for 93% of the total
      variance in the data. By using the four treatment groups for reference, the
      manner in which results of independent studies can be plotted on a map, and how
      the interpretation of results can be facilitated, were demonstrated with some
      examples. A table composed of scores of eta squared for the four groups was also
      presented for reference and to facilitate integration of the results of various
      independent studies.

PMID- 4034700
TI  - An investigation of the factors affecting development of frontal cortex self
      stimulation.
AB  - Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) of the medial prefrontal cortex (MFC) is
      acquired gradually, taking 4 or more days to establish. One explanation for this
      finding is that the stimulation becomes more rewarding with repetition. Four
      experiments were conducted to test this hypotheses. In Experiment 1, the MFC ICSS
      frequency thresholds remained constant over the first 3 weeks of testing while
      the rate of lever pressing response increased. In Experiment 2, it was found that
      acquisition of MFC ICSS was much more rapid when a motorically simpler response
      (nose-poking) was employed. Similarly, Experiments 3 and 4 further demonstrated
      that response factors such as task complexity may ultimately determine the rate
      of development of frontal cortex ICSS. Overall, these data suggest that
      independent of the rewarding effects of MFC stimulation there are other effects
      that initially interfere with learning of complex operant responses.

PMID- 4034701
TI  - Response to NaCl taste in mixture with HCl by sodium deficient rats.
AB  - Sodium deficient, adrenalectomized rats and nondeficient control rats were
      offered, for 20 min, a mixture of 0.1 M NaCl and 0.02 N HCl. The sodium deficient
      rats drank substantial amounts whereas control animals were essentially
      indifferent to the mixture. Further tests on the sodium deficient rats with a
      stronger NaCl concentration in the mixture did not alter the amount drunk, which
      was about 1/3 the amount ingested of singly presented 0.1 NaCl. These results
      suggest that the sodium deficient rat can recognize the similarity of the mixture
      to NaCl but that the other mixture component influences the behavioral outcome in
      a way other than simple intensity suppression.

PMID- 4034702
TI  - Nutrient composition: effects on appetite in monkeys with oral factors held
      constant.
AB  - The effects of macronutrients on appetite and total caloric intake in monkeys
      (Macaca mulatta) was studied using a new feeding and infusion system which yoked
      intragastric infusion of various nutrients to oral ad lib intake and removed the
      confounding factor of palatability from the assessment of nutrient effects on
      feeding behavior. A suction-activated liquid diet feeding system provided free
      access to a nutritionally complete diet, with 1 ml of diet delivered orally by
      pump with each discrete suck by the monkey. A second pump was yoked to the oral
      feeding pump and delivered various nutrients directly into the stomach via an
      implanted intragastric cannula. Thus, while oral diet composition remained
      constant, the net diet reaching the stomach varied over ranges of 28 to 77%
      carbohydrate, 16 to 65% fat and 7 to 36% protein. No significant differences in
      total caloric intake were observed between intakes of diets with net composition
      of high carbohydrate or high fat. When protein was increased to 36%, total
      caloric intake was generally reduced, and this effect was sustained for at least
      3 weeks. Therefore, protein appears to have an increased specific satiating
      effect beyond the caloric content, when compared to carbohydrate or fat.

PMID- 4034703
TI  - Further evidence that histamine in hippocampus affects the exploratory behavior
      in the rat.
AB  - The effect of histamine (HA) and 3-methyl-histamine (3-MHA) in the hippocampus on
      hole-board behavior was studied. Male rats were microinjected stereotaxically
      into the hippocampus with 1 microliter of saline solution containing 9, 45 or 90
      nMol of HA or 3-MHA. Five min later, all rats were tested for 5 min in a hole
      board and locomotor, rearing, grooming and head-dipping activities were measured
      by direct observation. HA inhibited rearing and grooming at all the doses used
      but it affected locomotor activity only at 45 and 90 nMol doses. There was no
      effect on head-dipping behavior. 3-MHA instead increased locomotor and head
      dipping activities at all the doses used and it did not change rearing and
      grooming. The present results give a further support for a physiological
      participation of HA in the hippocampus.

PMID- 4034704
TI  - [Modulation of cutaneous evoked potentials during the period preparatory to a
      reaction time task in the cat].
AB  - Evoked potentials (EP) were elicited in four cats either when they sat still or
      when they performed a reaction time (RT) task. The foreperiod (FP) of the RT
      situation started with the cat placing his paw on a platform and ended 1.5 sec
      later with the vibration of the platform, used as a signal to withdraw the paw.
      The paw was electrically stimulated, once per trial, during the last second of
      the FP. Evoked potentials were recorded in the medial lemniscus (ML), in the
      thalamic nucleus centrum medianum (CM), in the internal capsule (IC) and over the
      anterior suprasylvian gyrus (ASSG). On the average, the EPs recorded in the CM,
      in the IC and over the ASSG (early and late waves) were significantly reduced
      during the FP. The EPs recorded in the ML did not show any significant change.
      The reduction in the EPs amplitude decreases along the FP, being the less at the
      time of arrival of the response signal. Neither the amplitude nor the time course
      of the EPs are correlated with the RT duration. These results are discussed with
      reference to the concepts of preparation for movement and of anticipation of the
      response stimulus.

PMID- 4034705
TI  - Effects of thyroid hormones on the hippocampal glial cells of fasting rats.
AB  - The effects of the oral administration of thyroid hormones on the hippocampal
      glial cells in fasting or fed adult rats were studied. The hormone treatment
      and/or fasting were done during two periods of five days interpolated by ten days
      without any hormone treatment or fasting. Prominent histological changes and
      increased number of glial cells were observed in the hippocampus of rats when the
      thyroid hormone administration was associated with fasting.

PMID- 4034706
TI  - Relationship between autonomic and behavioral thermoregulation in the mouse.
AB  - Preferred ambient temperature (Ta) was measured in nine mice of the BALB/c strain
      using a temperature gradient. When tested over four consecutive days the mean
      preferred Ta was 30.9 degrees C. In another study using the same animals,
      metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, whole-body thermal conductance, and
      colonic temperature were measured at specific Ta's over a range of 18 to 34
      degrees C. The preferred Ta of 30.9 degrees C was associated with the lower
      critical Ta (i.e., Ta below which metabolic rate increased) a 57% elevation in
      evaporative water loss when expressed in units of mg water evaporated per ml
      consumed oxygen, a thermal conductance that was 92% above baseline levels, and a
      normothermic colonic temperature of between 37.0 to 37.5 degrees C. The data
      indicate that mice will select an environmental temperature associated with a
      minimal energy expenditure but a higher than minimal rate of evaporation and
      higher thermal conductance.

PMID- 4034707
TI  - Stress-induced analgesia evoked by intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic
      saline: evidence for its occurrence in vasopressin deficient rats.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to investigate whether vasopressin is involved in
      stress-induced analgesia. Intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline caused a
      significant and dose-related increase in the latency to the tail-flick response
      of the rat to noxious heat and was used as a stimulus for stress-induced
      analgesia. Neither the pituitary nor opioid peptides appeared to be involved,
      since the response occurred in hypophysectomized rats and was not reduced by the
      opiate antagonist naloxone. Furthermore hypertonic-saline analgesia was clearly
      potentiated in hypophysectomized rats in comparison to sham-operated controls.
      Hypertonic-saline analgesia was also observed in vasopressin-deficient
      (homozygous Brattleboro) rats similar in both magnitude and duration to that in
      normal rats of the same strain (Long Evans). It was concluded that vasopressin
      was not involved in stress-induced analgesia evoked by hypertonic saline.

PMID- 4034708
TI  - A comparison of shock avoidance learning in headless cockroaches in leg-lifting
      and lowering task.
AB  - Headless cockroaches were trained either to lift or to lower the prothoracic leg
      to avoid electric shocks. The learning process in both cases was very distinct.
      However, the learning performance in the lifting was better than in the lowering
      task. The reason for this poorer learning in the lowering task is due to the
      unconditioned leg raising movement of the animals to electric shocks. This
      unconditioned response affects the headless cockroaches avoid shocks in the
      lifting task by escape learning, whereas they avoid shocks in the lowering task
      by true avoidance learning. Injection of 30 microliter of Ringer's solution has
      no significant effect on the learning process in the lifting task. In the
      lowering task, however, Ringer's solution impairs the learning ability
      considerably. Crude extract of corpora cardiaca strongly inhibits the learning of
      both tasks.

PMID- 4034709
TI  - Differential acquisition of a "working memory" task by the Roman strains of rats.
AB  - Twenty-eight male rats of the Roman strains-fourteen RHA (Roman High Avoidance)
      and fourteen RLA (Roman Low Avoidance)-were submitted to a positively reinforced
      task, the delayed reinforced alternation test (DRA), in a T-maze. Performances of
      RLA rats were significantly better than those of RHA; RLA rats also had higher
      VTE (vicarious trial and error) and spontaneous alternation (SA) scores. These
      data confirm the fact that RLA may acquire positively reinforced learning as
      rapidly, or even more rapidly, than RHA rats, and that the differences in active
      avoidance behavior between these strains depend more on differential freezing
      behavior than on learning and memory capacities. Since the delayed reinforced
      alternation is considered as a working memory test, our results suggest that the
      Roman strains could be used as a genetic model for the neurobiological study of
      this form of memory.

PMID- 4034710
TI  - Aversive consequences of jejunoileal bypass in the rat: a conditioned taste
      aversion analysis.
AB  - Jejunoileal bypass (JIB) surgery reduces food intake and body weight in obese
      humans and rats. Human bypass patients report visceral discomfort following
      surgery, and the present study assessed the aversive consequences of JIB in rats
      using a conditioned taste aversion paradigm. In Experiment 1 rats given a cherry
      flavored solution immediately after JIB surgery subsequently displayed a strong
      aversion to the cherry flavor compared to Bypass and Sham-Bypass control groups.
      Rats in Experiment 2 were familiarized with cherry solution prior to surgery and
      they did not display an aversion to the solution after receiving a JIB. In
      Experiment 3, Bypass rats who developed a cherry flavor aversion after JIB
      subsequently lost this aversion following reconnection of their intestinal tract.
      The rats in Experiment 4 displayed an aversion to a saccharin-flavored chow that
      was eaten shortly after JIB surgery, although the aversion was not as pronounced
      as that obtained with the cherry solution. The results suggest that JIB produces
      a persisting malaise in rats that may contribute to the feeding and weight
      inhibitory effects of the operation.

PMID- 4034711
TI  - Aversive effects of vagotomy in the rat: a conditioned taste aversion analysis.
AB  - Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy suppresses food intake and water intake in normal rats.
      Since human patients report some nausea and discomfort following vagotomy, the
      present study assessed the aversive consequences of vagotomy in rats using a
      conditioned taste aversion paradigm. Rats were given a total subdiaphragmatic
      vagotomy or sham vagotomy, and were then maintained on either plain water (Vag
      Water and Sham-Water groups) or a novel cherry solution (Vag-Cherry and Sham
      Cherry groups). When subsequently tested for their water vs. cherry preferences
      on postoperative days 6, 16, and 26, the Vag-Cherry group displayed a greater
      aversion to the cherry solution than did the remaining three groups. This result
      suggests that vagotomy produces visceral malaise in rats which may contribute to
      the feeding and drinking suppressive effects of the surgery.

PMID- 4034712
TI  - Behavioral perturbations in the vitamin K-deficient rat.
AB  - Anecdotal observations of the behavior of rats with a vitamin K-deficiency
      suggested that this deficiency was associated with hypoactivity, general malaise,
      and a lack of exploratory behavior. These observations were pursued by assessing
      locomotor activity in a circular photocell-monitored track, open-field activity,
      and radial-arm maze performance in rats rendered vitamin K-deficient by dietary
      depletion or by warfarin treatment. There was a significant reduction
      (approximately 25% at the median) in the locomotor activity of dietary vitamin K
      deficient rats compared with rats fed a control diet. In the open-field, warfarin
      administration was associated with a significant shift from more exploratory
      behaviors to less exploratory behaviors. Consistent with these findings, radial
      arm maze assessment showed a comparative reduction in locomotor activity in the
      dietary vitamin K-deficient rats with no alteration in performance, i.e., short
      term memory. These animal behavioral studies suggest that sub-clinical and
      clinical vitamin K-deficiency may contribute to physical and psychiatric
      symptomatology.

PMID- 4034713
TI  - Differential effects of perinatal androgen treatment on sexually dimorphic
      characteristics in rats.
AB  - Rats were treated with testosterone propionate (TP) or oil (O) beginning in
      midgestation (group TTT), late gestation (group OTT), neonatally (group OOT), or
      were left untreated until adulthood (group OOO). At 40 days of age all animals
      were gonadectomized, received implants of TP in silastic capsules, and were
      tested in subsequent weeks for masculine copulatory behavior and ex copula
      phallic responses. Postmortem measures were taken of genital structures and of
      sexually dimorphic spinal nuclei. Males treated perinatally with androgen were
      unaffected or exhibited reduced masculinization except on two measures, i.e.,
      number of penile flips and number of cells in the dorsolateral motor nucleus of
      the lumbar spinal cord, which reflected virilization greater than in normal
      males. All perinatally androgenized females showed virilization on almost every
      measure taken of their morphology and behavior. Relative to OOO females, the
      greatest increases in masculinization were evident in OOT and OTT females. No
      additional masculinization was detected in TTT females. Only among the TTT rats
      were males not reliably more masculine than females, but that usually was due to
      the reduced masculinization of TTT males. Four broad classes of influence
      characterized the effects of perinatal androgen treatment; these classes may
      reflect differences in the developmental courses of the variables measured.

PMID- 4034714
TI  - Dietary self-selection and the regulation of protein and energy intake in chicks.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine whether chicks could regulate their protein
      intake independent of total energy intake in self-selection feeding trials. Day
      old White Mountain cockerels were reared in electrically-heated battery brooders
      and given access to either a 23% protein control ration (no choice) or two diets
      containing 10% or 60% protein with or without supplemental amino acids. The
      latter were added to either improve the dietary amino acid balance or to alter
      plasma and brain levels of free large neutral amino acids (tryptophan,
      isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) which have been
      implicated in the neuroregulation of feed intake. Both feed and water were
      provided ad lib, and the location of the feed troughs within each pen were
      changed daily. Body weights and feed intakes were measured daily, and total
      calorie and protein intakes were calculated. Chicks offered 10% and 60% protein
      diets with no supplemental amino acids exhibited reduced weight gains and
      markedly higher protein intakes as compared to birds fed either the control
      ration or those given a choice between 10% and 60% protein diets supplemented
      with methionine. The higher protein consumption by chicks fed the unsupplemented
      diets most likely was a result of an attempt to compensate for a dietary
      methionine deficiency. Chicks fed the 10% and 60% protein diets supplemented with
      amino acids grew at a slower rate than those fed the 23% protein control diet. In
      general, plasma and brain data did not support a proposed relationship between
      certain large neutral amino acid ratios and protein or energy intake.

PMID- 4034715
TI  - Brachium conjuntivum and rubrobulbar tract: brain stem projections of red nucleus
      essential for the conditioned nictitating membrane response.
AB  - The trajectory of the rubrobulbar tract in rabbit to the level of the accessory
      abducens nucleus is described: orthograde labeling of fibers of the rubrobulbar
      tract following horseradish peroxidase implants into red nucleus of 8 animals
      permitted ad hoc analysis of the effects of brain stem lesions on the rabbit's
      conditioned nictitating membrane response. Twenty-four rabbits, trained to give
      conditioned NM responses from both eyes, received unilateral lesions of the right
      pontine brain stem. Six of the 7 cases of post-lesion disruption of ipsilateral
      conditioned responding involved either ipsilateral brachium conjunctivum or the
      rubrobulbar tract. This finding, together with a reexamination of data from two
      related studies from this laboratory strongly support the conclusion that an
      essential premotor component of the conditioned NM response is a doubly
      decussating circuit from the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum to
      magnocellular red nucleus, via brachium conjunctivum and its decussation, and
      from red nucleus caudally, via the ventral tegmental bundle and the rubrobulbar
      tract, to the accessory abducens nucleus, where motoneurons involved in the NM
      response are located. These findings are consistent with published reports on the
      essential role of interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum in NM conditioning. The
      possible role of the supratrigeminal reticular formation in this learned behavior
      is also discussed.

PMID- 4034716
TI  - Behavioral and neural gustatory responses in rabbit.
AB  - To provide more information on a potentially valuable preparation for studies in
      taste and appetite, we have examined the taste preferences (and aversions) and
      chorda tympani sensitivity of the rabbit. Adult male New Zealand rabbits were
      given a two-bottle preference test between water and various molar concentrations
      of NaCl, KCl, sucrose, sodium saccharin, quinine hydrochloride and HCl. The
      rabbits exhibited the expected preferences for sucrose and aversions for quinine
      and HCl. Unexpectedly, however, the rabbits exhibited only a mild preference for
      NaCl, a stronger preference for KCl, and an aversion to sodium saccharin.
      Multiunit discharges of the chorda tympani nerve to the same taste stimuli
      indicated that the anterior tongue receptors are acutely sensitive to KCl, NaCl
      and quinine, but not to sucrose, HCl and saccharin. The chorda tympani was more
      responsive to KCl than to NaCl. Dilute concentrations of both NaCl and sodium
      saccharin elicited a two-component response consisting of an immediate excitatory
      phase followed by a tonic inhibitory phase. This complex response pattern of the
      whole nerve to NaCl and sodium saccharin is discussed in relation to the impulse
      frequencies in hypothesized water-sensitive and salt-sensitive fibers. Both the
      behavioral and neural data are discussed in relation to similar data obtained in
      rat and hamster.

PMID- 4034717
TI  - Effect of sleep on cerebral DNA synthesized during shuttle-box avoidance
      training.
AB  - Female Wistar rats weighing 200 g were implanted with cortical electrodes and two
      intraventricular cannulae. Five days later they were given 3H-thymidine and
      exposed to shuttle-box training for four hours. They were then left free to sleep
      in the following three hours during which their EEG activity was recorded. In
      comparison with control animals (C), learning (L) and non-learning (NL) rats
      exhibited an increase in SS. In comparison to the EEG recording made the previous
      day, all animal groups displayed an increase in SS, but only NL rats suffered a
      decrease in PS(%). The specific radioactivity of DNA measured in several brain
      regions was tendentially lower in NL rats, but significance was achieved only in
      the cerebellum in the comparison between NL rats and C rats. No change occurred
      in liver. More marked and significant decrements in the DNA specific
      radioactivity of all brain regions were observed in the subgroup of NL rats
      displaying relatively high values of PS time in comparison to the analogous
      subgroups of C and L animals. Comparable decrements were present with regard to
      the subgroup of NL rats endowed with relatively low PS time. Less widespread and
      more limited changes were observed in the concentration of acid-soluble
      radioactivity. In addition, several significant correlations were detected by
      Spearman's analysis among behavioral, biochemical and sleep parameters. The
      results are consistent with the interpretation that the selective decrease in
      brain radioactive DNA observed in NL rats reflects a loss of DNA synthesized
      during the training period. The loss is related to the amount of post-training PS
      and is associated to a lengthening of the mean duration of PS episodes. It may be
      concluded that the loss of newly-synthesized brain DNA reflects the elimination
      of molecules associated with neural information devoid of adaptive value.

PMID- 4034718
TI  - Effects of naloxone and chlordiazepoxide on lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation
      in rats.
AB  - Lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation behavior of rats in an operant chamber was
      investigated under the treatments of the first injection of naloxone (5 mg/kg) or
      saline followed by the second injection of chlordiazepoxide (4 mg/kg) or saline.
      Both inhibitory effect of naloxone and facilitatory effect of chlordiazepoxide on
      self-stimulation response were statistically significant, but the interaction
      between the two effects was not obtained. The results indicate that the
      facilitatory effect of chlordiazepoxide upon self-stimulation is independent of
      endogenous opioid system. Further, the obtained effect of naloxone was discussed
      in terms of interaction of the drug with aversive, rather than rewarding,
      component of self-stimulation.

PMID- 4034719
TI  - Role of the pineal gland in circadian organization of diurnal ground squirrels.
AB  - Golden-mantled ground squirrels, Spermophilus lateralis, pinealectomized (pinx)
      or sham-pinx at 70 days of age, were maintained in a LD 10:14 photoperiod; phase
      angles of activity onset were 1.6 +/- 0.3 and 1.9 +/- 0.3 hr in advance of light
      onset, respectively, and did not differ significantly between the groups. Rates
      of phase shifting of the activity rhythm after a 6 hr phase advance in the LD
      cycle also were comparable for the two groups and stable re-entrainment was
      achieved in 11 days. The period of the free-running activity rhythm in constant
      light did not differ between the groups. As demonstrated previously in nocturnal
      rodents, the pineal gland exerts little if any influence on generation or
      entrainment of the ground squirrel diurnal circadian activity rhythm. The rodent
      pineal is neither a master circadian oscillator nor a significant component of
      the transduction process by which light entrains the circadian activity rhythm.

PMID- 4034721
TI  - Targets of learned food aversions in humans.
AB  - In order to determine whether some nutrients are more salient targets than others
      for the development of learned taste aversions a large group of normal human
      subjects were surveyed about their experiences with such aversions. The targets
      of these spontaneously occurring food aversions were identified and classified
      into general food categories. A prominent category for human aversions proved to
      be foods which were protein sources. This finding was similar to our observations
      in the clinical setting as well as those we have obtained using an animal model.
      It suggests that taste and/or postingestive properties of protein foods may make
      them particularly salient targets for food aversion learning.

PMID- 4034720
TI  - Histamine plays no part in schedule-induced polydipsia in the rat.
AB  - Twelve Sprague-Dawley male albino rats were tested with or without combined
      antagonism of peripheral H1 (using 2 mg/kg dexbrompheniramine IP) and H2 (using
      32 mg/kg cimetidine IP) receptors for histamine prior to (a) drinking after 2.5
      mg/kg histamine SC, (b) drinking after 24-hr water deprivation, and (c) drinking
      during the acquisition and maintenance of schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) with
      a 45 mg Noyes pellet delivered every 90 sec. Such antagonism of histamine
      receptors abolished drinking elicited by exogenous histamine without inhibiting
      drinking after water deprivation. Moreover, histaminergic antagonism failed to
      prevent the acquisition and maintenance of SIP and failed to alter the
      distribution of contacts with the drinking spout during interpellet intervals.
      These findings demonstrate no role for endogenous systemic histamine in SIP.

PMID- 4034722
TI  - An avian vocalization detector.
AB  - A simple circuit to detect avian vocalizations is described. Adjustments of five
      different controls (frequency, bandwidth, amplitude, duration and spacing) allow
      the circuit to accurately detect the vocalizations of different ages and species
      of birds. Analyses of over 4000 peeps and 500 inter-peep intervals from 40 chicks
      and 16 ducklings showed that the circuit and an experienced observer agreed
      closely in the timing and counting of vocalizations.

PMID- 4034723
TI  - A method to section the corpus callosum in the rat.
AB  - A simply constructed instrument and a surgical procedure are described for
      transecting the corpus callosum in the rat. The callosum can be cut in its
      entirety, or the cut can be limited to anterior or posterior halves. The
      procedure obviates lateralized incidental damage.

PMID- 4034724
TI  - The time-structure of the anorectic effect of satietin.
AB  - The influence of anorectic doses of satietin, calcitonin, fenfluramine and
      amphetamine on the amount of food eaten, on the time elapsed before taking the
      first tablet (latency) and on the time-structure of food intake during a one hour
      feeding session, divided into four 15-minute periods, was measured in rats after
      one day starvation with a pellet-detecting eatometer. In contrast to
      fenfluramine, amphetamine significantly increased the time elapsed before taking
      the first tablet, indicating the stimulation of a satiety mechanism by
      fenfluramine and the inhibition of a feeding mechanism by amphetamine. In this
      test satietin and calcitonin acted like fenfluramine. The time-course of food
      intake was significantly different in the amphetamine and fenfluramine-treated
      animals, the latter ate more during the first 15-minute period. Satietin and
      calcitonin acted like fenfluramine in this test, too. The results are consistent
      with the view that satietin acts by activating a satiety mechanism.

PMID- 4034725
TI  - Mutations affecting replication and copy number control in plasmid mini-F both
      reside in the gene for the 29-kDa protein.
AB  - We have isolated and characterized cop, copts, and repam mutants of plasmid mini
      F after in vitro mutagenesis with hydroxylamine. cop mutants exhibit a copy
      number of about 10 per cell. The copts mutants are cold-sensitive and have, at 25
      degrees C, a copy number of about 30-40 copies per cell, which drops to 4 copies
      at 42 degrees C. The cop and repam mutations affect the 29-kDa E protein. The
      Copts phenotype results from the simultaneous occurrence of two mutations, a cop
      mutation in the E protein and a temperature-dependent mutation (termed ecp)
      enhancing the Cop phenotype at low temperature. The latter new type of mutation
      is located within the DNA region 44.1-44.85F. Complementation experiments with
      plasmid cointegrates show that the wild-type gene is dominant over the cop
      allele. The nucleotide sequences of the cop and the repam mutations have been
      determined.

PMID- 4034726
TI  - Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of anemarans A, B, C and D, glycans of
      Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizomes.

PMID- 4034727
TI  - Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of atractans A, B and C, glycans of
      Atractylodes japonica rhizomes.

PMID- 4034728
TI  - Purification and chemical properties of anti-complementary polysaccharide from
      the leaves of Artemisia princeps.

PMID- 4034729
TI  - [In vitro phagocytosis stimulation by isolated plant materials in a
      chemoluminescence-phagocytosis model].

PMID- 4034730
TI  - Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man.

PMID- 4034731
TI  - Studies on the Taiwan folk medicine; III. A smooth muscle relaxant from Onychium
      siliculosum, onitin.

PMID- 4034732
TI  - Pharmacological studies of piperine; I. Effects of piperine on transmural nerve
      stimulation.

PMID- 4034733
TI  - Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of lithospermans A, B and C, glycans of
      Lithospermum erythrorhizon roots.

PMID- 4034735
TI  - Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of aconitans A, B, C and D, glycans of
      Aconitum carmichaeli roots.

PMID- 4034734
TI  - Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of moran A, a glycoprotein of Morus alba root
      barks.

PMID- 4034736
TI  - Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of ephedrans A, B, C, D and E, glycans of
      Ephedra distachya herbs.

PMID- 4034737
TI  - Search for adenylate cyclase activator in medicinal plants.

PMID- 4034738
TI  - Study of hypoglycaemic activity of Cuminum nigrum seeds in normal and alloxan
      diabetic rabbits.

PMID- 4034739
TI  - The effect of biological variables on the anti-ulcerogenic effect of vegetable
      plantain banana.

PMID- 4034740
TI  - [Pyrrolizidine alkaloids with chromosome-damaging effects on human lymphocytes in
      vitro].

PMID- 4034741
TI  - Effect of Triticum vulgare extract on DNA synthesis of mammalian cells.

PMID- 4034742
TI  - Mechanism of antihepatotoxic activity of atractylon, I: Effect on free radical
      generation and lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 4034743
TI  - Diuretic action of paeonol.

PMID- 4034744
TI  - Extracts of the ivy plant, Hedera helix, and their anthelminthic activity on
      liver flukes.

PMID- 4034745
TI  - Alkaloids of Lolium temulentum: isolation, identification and pharmacological
      activity.

PMID- 4034746
TI  - Coumarins from Polygala paniculata.

PMID- 4034748
TI  - Specific immunoassays for quinine and quinidine: comparison of radioimmunoassay
      and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures.

PMID- 4034747
TI  - Antibiotic properties of thiarubrine A, a naturally occurring
      dithiacyclohexadiene polyine.

PMID- 4034749
TI  - [Isopimpinellin--a furocoumarin from Heracleum sphondylium with chromosome
      damaging activity].

PMID- 4034750
TI  - Muscle relaxant properties of aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora.

PMID- 4034751
TI  - The vascular actions of aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora.

PMID- 4034752
TI  - Effect of Aloe extract on peripheral phagocytosis in adult bronchial asthma.

PMID- 4034753
TI  - Alteration of neuroma formation by manipulation of its microenvironment.
AB  - In a primate model a histologic assessment of neuroma formation is reported.
      Three experimental groups were defined. Transected sensory nerves left adjacent
      to the incisional wound in an area of movement (wrist) were considered the
      control group. In the "proximally cut" group the same sensory nerves were
      positioned well proximal to the incisional wound. In the "muscle-implantation"
      group these nerves were placed in adjacent muscles. At 6 months a histologic
      assessment of the neuroma formation in the three experimental groups was carried
      out. Implantation of the sensory nerve into muscle significantly altered the
      regenerative potential of that nerve. The muscle completely surrounded the
      sensory nerve. The minimal neuroma that formed had significantly less scar tissue
      and contained nerve fibers that were of a smaller diameter and decreased density
      than either the control or the proximally cut group. There were no histologic
      differences between these latter two groups. However, regeneration into the
      overlying skin that was noted in the control neuromas was not seen in those
      nerves which had been proximally cut.

PMID- 4034754
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoid treatment on skin capillary blood flow and viability in
      cutaneous and myocutaneous flaps in the pig.
AB  - The effect of methylprednisolone treatment on skin-flap viability and capillary
      blood flow was studied in a series of four experiments. Intramuscular
      methylprednisolone injections (30 mg/kg per day), given in single or divided
      doses preoperatively or postoperatively, had no effect in augmenting skin
      viability in arterialized cutaneous, myocutaneous, or random skin flaps compared
      with the control. Capillary blood flow was studied in arterial buttock flaps and
      latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps raised on animals treated preoperatively with
      methylprednisolone or saline (control), and no significant difference in
      capillary blood flow was noted between the treatment and control flaps. It was
      concluded that methylprednisolone has no significant therapeutic effect either in
      increasing flap viability or in increasing capillary blood flow in skin flaps in
      pigs.

PMID- 4034755
TI  - Reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus following pharyngoesophagectomy and
      irradiation therapy.
AB  - During the 5-year period between 1978 and 1983, a total of 56 individuals have
      undergone pharyngoesophageal reconstruction at our hospitals. To restore the
      continuity of the upper enteric tract, conventional skin flaps with or without
      the underlying muscle were used in 27 and a segmental free intestinal graft by
      means of microvascular technique was used in 29. Two-thirds of both groups
      received irradiation therapy before surgery. Fistula formation was encountered in
      8 individuals who received a skin flap. This incidence was found to increase with
      the use of preoperative irradiation. In contrast, no patient developed a fistula
      among the 29 patients who received the segmental free intestinal graft.

PMID- 4034756
TI  - Onlay cartilage graft of the alar lateral crus for cleft lip nasal deformities.
AB  - The onlay cartilage grafting technique is described for treatment of unilateral
      or bilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. The alar cartilage is exposed through
      rim and intercartilagenous incisions. The cephalic half of the alar cartilage is
      excised, similar to the technique of traditional tip rhinoplasty. The harvested
      cartilage is applied to the intact caudal cartilage in layered fashion and
      secured with absorbable sutures. If necessary, successive layers may be added.
      These grafts provide a sturdy, yet delicate framework for a more normal appearing
      alar rim. We have performed this procedure on 16 patients, ages 10 to 41. Follow
      up intervals range from 13 to 40 months, with a mean of 19 months. Results have
      been rated good-to-excellent by patients and surgeons. There has been no
      recurrence of the deformity. The only complication has been one nasal vestibule
      synechia.

PMID- 4034757
TI  - Aerodynamic assessment of the results of pharyngeal flap surgery: a preliminary
      investigation.
AB  - Voice-quality (i.e., nasality) judgments are commonly used to evaluate the
      results of pharyngeal flap surgery. However, these are subjective judgments of
      questionable validity and reliability. This project was designed to
      systematically evaluate the outcome of pharyngeal flap surgery utilizing
      objective, quantifiable physiologic (pressure-flow) information. Thirty-one
      patients who had undergone pharyngeal flap surgery were selected. Pressure-flow
      measurements and perceptual judgments of speech were obtained following surgery.
      Results indicated that using pressure-flow criteria, only 52 percent of the
      outcomes were considered successful. Results also indicated that 35 percent of
      the cases were characterized by substantial nasopharyngeal airway obstruction. In
      the present study, these findings, along with the related perceptual phenomenon
      of denasality, were considered unsuccessful. Finally, results suggest that
      aerodynamic measurements can be used to assess other surgical techniques designed
      to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency.

PMID- 4034758
TI  - Palatal grafts for eyelid reconstruction.
AB  - A full-thickness graft of hard palate mucosa was used as the lining tissue for
      eyelid reconstruction in 11 patients over a 7-year period. An orbicularis
      musculocutaneous flap supplied cover and support. In all cases the mucosal graft
      was easily removed, convenient to handle, and took completely. The palate donor
      site reepithelialized by about 3 weeks postoperative and has remained healed and
      asymptomatic in all cases. In follow-up averaging 3 years, all the reconstructed
      lids have retained a stable and comfortable lid margin, with no instance of
      entropion or irritation. The outstanding virtue of palate mucosa for eyelid
      reconstruction is that it appears to retain most of its original size and
      stiffness over the long term and thus in a single layer can serve to replace both
      tarsus and conjunctiva.

PMID- 4034759
TI  - Long-term clinical outcome of immediate reconstruction after mastectomy.
AB  - Immediate reconstruction of a breast removed for treatment of carcinoma can be
      accomplished without altering the cancer-ablative surgical procedure. The
      theoretical possibility that reconstruction might compromise the cure rate has
      tempered enthusiasm for this approach. To test this issue, the relapse-free
      survival of 101 patients who underwent breast reconstruction in the immediate
      postmastectomy period was compared with that of 377 patients with breast cancer
      who underwent mastectomy without immediate reconstruction. This comparison was
      accomplished using multivariable statistical techniques to correct for baseline
      inequalities between the patient groups. After adjustment for the relevant
      prognostic factors, no significant difference remained between the two groups. We
      conclude that immediate reconstruction has no discernible adverse influence on
      the natural history of surgically treated breast carcinoma.

PMID- 4034760
TI  - Transfer of vascularized extensor tendons from the foot to the hand with a
      dorsalis pedis flap.
AB  - The use of the dorsalis pedis flap with vascularized extensor tendons was
      presented. An anatomic study has been carried out that has shown that the
      vascularization of the foot extensor tendons can be exclusively dependent on the
      blood contribution coming from the dorsalis pedis artery. In two cases that are
      presented and followed up for over a year after the surgery, the functional
      results obtained are good in the hand and aesthetically acceptable in the foot.

PMID- 4034761
TI  - Improving the accuracy of burn-surface estimation.
AB  - A user-friendly computer-assisted method of calculating total body surface area
      burned (TBSAB) has been developed. This method is more accurate, faster, and
      subject to less error than conventional methods. For comparison, the ability of
      30 physicians to estimate TBSAB was tested. Parameters studied included the
      effect of prior burn care experience, the influence of burn size, the ability to
      accurately sketch the size of burns on standard burn charts, and the ability to
      estimate percent TBSAB from the sketches. Despite the ability for physicians of
      all levels of training to accurately sketch TBSAB, significant burn size over
      estimation (p less than 0.01) and large interrater variability of potential
      consequence was noted. Direct benefits of a computerized system are many. These
      include the need for minimal user experience and the ability for wound-trend
      analysis, permanent record storage, calculation of fluid and caloric
      requirements, hemodynamic parameters, and the ability to compare meaningfully the
      different treatment protocols.

PMID- 4034762
TI  - Reconstruction of the eyebrow in the pediatric burn patient.
AB  - We have reviewed our experience with reconstruction of eyebrow alopecia secondary
      to thermal injury in the pediatric patient. Reconstruction was performed with
      free composite strip grafts or vascularized island pedicle flaps. The
      complication rates for eyebrows reconstructed with vascularized island pedicles
      with respect to loss of a significant portion of the flaps (30.8 percent) and
      malalignment of the grafts (23.1 percent) were significantly greater (p less than
      0.001) than the significant tissue loss (10.6 percent) or graft malalignment (7.9
      percent) observed for free composite grafts. Hair density was more predictably
      restored with the free composite graft technique (p = 0.0004). The patients
      reconstructed with composite grafts had 89.4 percent acceptable results in
      contrast to 38.5 percent acceptable results obtained with the island pedicle
      technique. Based on these findings, we reserve the use of the vascularized island
      pedicle technique for male patients with unilateral alopecia and heavy hair
      density in the remaining eyebrow and in cases where free composite grafts have
      failed. The remaining patients are initially treated with free composite grafts
      with acceptable results in the overwhelming majority of cases.

PMID- 4034763
TI  - The protruding premaxilla and minimal median alveolar cleft: an unusual problem
      with a 12-year follow-up.
AB  - This case of a bilateral complete cleft lip with minimal alveolar cleft
      illustrated that recession of the protruding premaxilla will occur following lip
      closure even if no cleft of the secondary palate or other void exists.

PMID- 4034764
TI  - Free tongue composite graft for correction of a vermilion defect.
AB  - A case report of hemangioma of the vermilion border treated with excision and
      free composite tongue graft is presented. A technique of lip reconstruction
      utilizing a composite tongue graft in one step has been described. It constitutes
      an improvement over the tongue pedicle flap technique, which has been hitherto
      used and requires two stages. The indications and limitations of the technique
      have been discussed.

PMID- 4034765
TI  - A new method utilizing the bipedicle flap for reconstruction of the external
      auditory canal in microtia.
AB  - A new technique using the bipedicle flap for reconstruction of microtia is
      described. This technique makes possible construction of a well-shaped new
      auricle in the presence of scar formation because of tympanoplasty in which the
      external auditory canal has been created posteriorly.

PMID- 4034766
TI  - How to make superb microangiograms at reasonable X-ray exposures.
AB  - The technical factors in microangiography were studied, and we found that the
      main limiting factor in resolution was film grain size. Ultrafine grain films
      exist, but they are very slow, necessitating exposures of several hours at
      conventional settings. Using a modern beryllium window x-ray unit, equally good
      images can be made in 2 to 5 minutes by using the minimum tube-to-film distance
      (32 cm) and the maximum kilovoltage (110 kV).

PMID- 4034767
TI  - Muscle-transfer surgery.

PMID- 4034768
TI  - Nerve fiber planimetry in acute and chronic nerve lesions and in nerve lesions in
      continuity.
AB  - The level of resection of damaged nerve tissue in acute and chronic nerve lesions
      was determined on the basis of the vascular structure, the consistency of the
      nerve during palpation, the amount of interfascicular connective tissue, and the
      mushroom formation of the fascicles. Intraoperative electrophysiologic recordings
      were performed on the cut nerve ends to determine the function of the axons.
      Postoperative planimetric analyses of cross sections made through the resected
      nerve stumps were performed to measure axonal and endoneural tube diameters and
      to correlate these results with the clinical criteria used through the operating
      microscope. Axons in the proximal nerve ends of acute and chronic nerve lesions
      displayed a similar mean diameter. Endoneural tubes in chronic nerve lesions
      shrunk significantly as nerve repair was delayed. In several nerve lesions in
      continuity, axons remained present across the injured site despite absence of
      electrical conduction. When comparing the results of axonal or endoneural tube
      diameters of chronic nerve lesions to the results of other studies or acute nerve
      lesions, we demonstrated that careful examination through the operating
      microscope provided valid information about the proper management and resection
      level of chronic nerve lesions. Electrophysiologic evaluation aided the surgical
      management but was not useful for the resection of the distal damaged nerve
      segment. The presence of an evoked potential in the proximal nerve ends
      guaranteed a nearly normal nerve fiber diameter distribution, while the absence
      of such a potential in the distal nerve ends indicated an abnormal, absent, or
      disturbed endoneural tube diameter histogram.

PMID- 4034769
TI  - The early revascularization of membranous bone.
AB  - The experimental finding that membranous onlay bone grafts maintain volume and
      viability to a greater extent than do endochondral grafts may be related to the
      more rapid vascularization of membranous bone. Microangiographic techniques were
      used to study the rates of vascularization of membranous and endochondral bone
      grafts in adult white New Zealand rabbits at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after bone
      grafting. Vascularization patterns were quantified microscopically using a
      modified point-counting technique. At 3 days, membranous bone grafts demonstrated
      vessel ingrowth from both soft tissue and host bone. Little ingrowth was seen in
      endochondral grafts. By day 7, 2.5 vessels per square were identified entering
      membranous grafts, while an average of 0.6 vessels per square were counted for
      endochondral bone grafts. At day 14, there was an average of greater than 20
      vessels per square for membranous grafts versus 1.8 for their endochondral
      counterparts. At 21 days, the endochondral grafts demonstrated persistent
      avascular central areas not seen in membranous grafts. Membranous onlay bone
      grafts in the rabbit are more rapidly vascularized than endochondral grafts. This
      factor may affect the greater volume maintenance seen in experimental membranous
      grafts.

PMID- 4034770
TI  - The treatment of periorbital infantile hemangioma with intralesional
      corticosteroid.
AB  - A series of 25 patients with periorbital hemangiomas was treated with
      intralesional corticosteroid injection. This resulted in a marked involution of
      the tumor in 16 patients, a moderate involution in 5 patients, and a minimal
      response in 4. No local or systemic complications were noted. The overall
      incidence of ocular complications in the form of amblyopia or strabismus
      secondary to the hemangiomas was 16 percent.

PMID- 4034771
TI  - Retroauricular island flap for eye socket reconstruction.
AB  - This paper describes the use of a flap which is the random portion of an island
      flap based on superficial temporal vessels. The flap has three distinct anatomic
      portions: the cutaneous portion, which includes the postauricular skin, the
      triangular deepithelialized scalp and fascia above the ear, which augments random
      pattern blood circulation to the cutaneous portion, and the superficial temporal
      fascia encompassing the vascular pedicle, which is dissected down to the upper
      pole of the parotid gland and unfolded using a cutback incision between the
      vascular pedicle and the second portion of the flap in order to increase the
      reach of the cutaneous portion. The flap has been successfully used in eight
      patients for reconstruction of missing or contracted eye sockets. In two
      patients, inconsequential superficial loss of the distal portion of the distal
      flap was observed. This flap can also be used for reconstruction of the external
      face, eyelid, and palate as well as soft-tissue augmentation.

PMID- 4034772
TI  - Isolated naso-ocular cleft: a one-stage repair.
AB  - The naso-ocular cleft is a rare defect; however, isolated alar clefts with or
      without additional hamartomatous local tissue are an even rarer problem. The
      authors describe six unilateral and one bilateral cleft patients who were all
      initially repaired using the same operative procedure. The concept of this
      procedure is based on the principle that there is basically no soft-tissue
      deficiency but rather a malpositioning of the parts. The leading edge of the ala
      is re-created by a rotation advancement of both the medial and the lateral
      segments adjacent to the cleft. The created secondary defect is filled with a
      paranasal transposition flap. Three of our patients had hamartomatous excesses
      and were the most difficult to balance, and at the same time, two of these
      patients required subsequent bridging or augmentation using a free conchal
      cartilage graft. Examples of the operative procedures are outlined both
      schematically and clinically.

PMID- 4034773
TI  - Total reconstruction of the "end-stage" cleft lip and palate deformity.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to present a 5-year experience using a comprehensive
      surgical approach to reconstruct what we have chosen to call the "end-stage cleft
      lip and palate deformity." The deformity consists of varying degrees of midface
      retrusion, malocclusion, nasal deformity, and lip deformity. Most of the patients
      afflicted had unacceptable upper lip anatomy characterized by tightness and lack
      of cupid's bow and bulk. All had severe palatal scarring with resulting arch
      collapse and severe malocclusion. Most had had multiple surgical attempts to
      improve nasal aesthetics using standard rhinoplasty techniques with little or no
      improvement. The procedure involves splitting the upper lip with incisions
      extending into the upper buccal sulcus and rim of the nose allowing wide
      skeletalization of the maxilla and osteocartilagenous nasal skeleton. LeFort I or
      II maxillary advancement, nasal reconstruction, and upper lip modification (with
      Abbe flap if indicated) are done. The jaws are placed in intermaxillary fixation
      for 6 to 8 weeks. This comprehensive approach has been used in 16 patients, aged
      15 to 29 years, with follow-up of up to 5 years. Excellent functional and
      aesthetic improvement has occurred in all patients, and complications have been
      minimal.

PMID- 4034774
TI  - Thermography as a predictive tool for laser treatment of port-wine stains.
AB  - The argon laser, which has been proven both useful and safe for port-wine stain
      therapy, interacts with the hemoglobin of the vessels. In a percentage of cases,
      this treatment is still inefficient, and there is a lack of correlation between
      these bad results and clinical or histologic criteria. Thermography, which
      explores the vascularization of the port-wine stain, leads us to consider port
      wine stains from a physical point of view. This very simple test shows no
      correlation with the clinical parameters of port-wine stain but is closely
      related to the results obtained with laser therapy. It seems to be a good
      criterion to estimate the argon laser treatment prognosis.

PMID- 4034775
TI  - Use of pectoralis minor muscle in immediate reconstruction of the breast.
AB  - A technique is described in which the pectoralis minor muscle is rotated as a
      muscle pedicle flap to be used in immediate reconstruction of the breast. The
      advantages of this procedure are that it provides additional muscle coverage over
      the prosthesis as well as preventing lateral displacement. Seven patients have
      undergone this technique with excellent results.

PMID- 4034776
TI  - Functional properties of palmaris longus muscles of rhesus monkeys transplanted
      as index finger flexors.
AB  - This experiment with skeletal muscle autografts in monkeys was designed to retest
      previous findings that transplanted skeletal muscle can regenerate to a
      functional degree in primates without predenervation and to test a new hypothesis
      that increased functional demands on regenerated muscle grafts in monkeys may
      result in improved functional capacity of the grafts. Rhesus monkey index flexors
      were replaced with free palmaris longus muscle autografts with microneural
      anastomoses between the graft motor nerve and the severed profundus motor nerve.
      One monkey was taught selective index flexion before grafting and continued with
      this program after grafting to test the effect of training on the graft. Mature
      grafts were evaluated for in vivo contractile properties and by histology and
      histochemistry and were compared with a group of normal Rhesus palmaris longus
      muscles. The results reconfirm the capacity of nonpredenervated monkey skeletal
      muscle grafts to regenerate and to achieve some contractile ability and suggest
      that training of free muscle grafts may enhance recovery of their functional and
      structural properties.

PMID- 4034777
TI  - Conservative and operative treatment of mallet finger.
AB  - One-hundred and thirty-five patients with mallet finger were treated and followed
      up at least 1 year after injury. Ninety-two patients with tendon rupture or chip
      fracture were treated by splinting, and 42 percent of them had a decreased range
      of motion, mostly of a minor degree, but only 18 percent stated complaints at the
      follow-up examination. The results of treatment in 43 patients with fracture were
      evaluated separately. In this group, 26 patients were operated on and the
      postoperative results were excellent in 58 percent, improved in 36 percent, and 8
      percent ended with failure due to complications. Radiographic study showed bony
      union in 41 of 43 patients and resorption of the small fragment in 2 patients.
      The indications for conservative and operative treatment in the five different
      types of mallet finger are discussed.

PMID- 4034779
TI  - Communication in improving the work of the head and neck cancer team.

PMID- 4034778
TI  - Reduction of postischemic edema with hyperbaric oxygen.
AB  - In recent years, reports have shown positive effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)
      treatment in posttraumatic circulatory insufficiency of the extremities. A
      tourniquet model for temporary ischemia was used to examine such treatment in
      rats. The circulation of the rat hindlimb was interrupted for 3 hours, while the
      contralateral uninjured leg served as control. There was a significant (p less
      than 0.001) postischemic edema in the tourniquet leg up to 48 hours after
      restoration of circulation. One group of animals received treatment with
      hyperbaric oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 45 minutes after release
      of the tourniquet. This significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) the
      postischemic edema, and the reduction persisted for 40 hours after the last
      treatment. It is concluded that hyperbaric oxygen reduces postischemic edema.
      Hyperbaric oxygen may therefore be useful as an adjuvant in the treatment of
      acute ischemic conditions when surgical repair alone fails or is not sufficient
      to reverse the ischemic process.

PMID- 4034780
TI  - One-stage lip-switch operation.
AB  - A one-stage lip-switch operation was successfully performed on an 80-year-old
      woman with accompanying disorders. Postoperative venous congestion was controlled
      mainly by dressing changes with wet gauze.

PMID- 4034781
TI  - The use of a free flap in homozygous sickle cell disease.
AB  - This paper describes what is thought to be the first reported use of a free flap
      in a patient with homozygous sickle cell disease. The utilization of a free flap
      in homozygous sickle cell disease should be questioned because the obligate
      period of ischemia to which the flap must be subjected during the transfer from
      donor to recipient sites might lead to intravascular sickling in the flap and
      flap failure. Review of the literature suggests that by reducing the level of
      sickle hemoglobin to the range of 25 to 40 percent, the risk of failure of a free
      flap is not significantly increased in the homozygous sickle cell patient.
      Furthermore, there is good evidence to suggest that a well-vascularized muscle
      flap provides optimal coverage, reversing the pathophysiologic cycle of the
      sickle cell ulcer. Thus in cases of multiply recurrent sickle cell ulcers in
      areas devoid of a local well-vascularized muscle flap, a free muscle flap is
      indicated, may be the procedure of choice, and can be performed successfully. We
      report a patient with a 4-year history of multiple recurrent sickle cell ulcers
      of the left ankle treated with a gracilis free flap. This patient has been
      followed for 2 years and continues to be free of recurrent ulceration.

PMID- 4034782
TI  - Replantation of the testis by microsurgical technique.
AB  - Microsurgical replantation of amputated testes were performed in two patients.
      Both were caused by trauma to the genitoperineal regions. These reconstructed
      testes are viable and not atrophic grossly. The patients are satisfied with these
      operations.

PMID- 4034783
TI  - Massive scrotal edema as a complication of abdominoplasty.
AB  - Massive scrotal edema is an unreported complication of abdominoplasty. This
      patient's postoperative decompensation of medial thigh and scrotal lymphatic
      return may well have been due to an occult lymphedema tarda or previously
      compromised lymphatics from the fibrosis of venous stasis disease and obesity.

PMID- 4034785
TI  - The pixie earlobe: a method of correction.
AB  - A simple method for the correction of the pixie earlobe is documented. This
      technique preserves the natural free border of the earlobe.

PMID- 4034784
TI  - Care of pentamadine ulcers in AIDS patients.
AB  - Two cases of soft-tissue infection resulting from antibiotic therapy given AIDS
      patients are presented. Operative treatment resulted in a closed wound in one
      patient. In the other patient, who suffered from recurrent acute illnesses,
      nonoperative treatment resulted in slow wound contraction and epithelialization
      without secondary wound complications. Wound sepsis did not occur, despite the
      absence of normal immune function. Operation and additional hospitalization, with
      their attendant risks, were avoided.

PMID- 4034786
TI  - The harvesting of cranial bone grafts: a guided osteotome.
AB  - A technique for in situ harvesting of the outer table of the skull using a
      "guided" osteotome is presented. While guards have been placed to control the
      depth of the blade, additional steps are advised to ensure the highest level of
      safety in clinical use: Before harvesting the graft, a full set of
      anteroposterior and lateral x-rays should be examined to determine which areas of
      the skull are thin and should be avoided. All areas with cranial sutures should
      be avoided because here the dura is more firmly attached to the inner table
      making perforation more dangerous. Bone should not be harvested under the
      hairless forehead region because this results in a visible depression. The
      surgeon should use the guards as guides to visually monitor the depth of the
      blade. The surgeon should not attempt the procedure without having a set of three
      different depths (1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm) available. Different skulls have
      different thicknesses of the outer table, and the technique loses the advantage
      of safety if an inappropriate depth is used.

PMID- 4034788
TI  - Internal fixation of bone by screws.

PMID- 4034787
TI  - Gillies, or patiala combined needle holder?

PMID- 4034789
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit.

PMID- 4034790
TI  - Pectoralis minor for facial palsy.

PMID- 4034791
TI  - Minimizing blood loss in reduction mammaplasty.

PMID- 4034792
TI  - Marjolin's ulcer was not Marjolin's.

PMID- 4034793
TI  - [3 autopsy cases of adult pigment type (Peiffer) of familial sudanophilic
      leukodystrophy].

PMID- 4034794
TI  - [Symposium: psychiatric education].

PMID- 4034795
TI  - A methodology for studying similarities and differences in educational priorities
      across national lines.

PMID- 4034796
TI  - [Effects of prolonged methamphetamine treatment and its withdrawal on behavior
      and brain monoamine metabolism in mice].

PMID- 4034797
TI  - [A case of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges].

PMID- 4034798
TI  - [Clinicogenetic studies within the scope of Leonhard taxonomy].
AB  - Using conventional genealogical methods and genetic correlation analysis, the
      author investigates Leonhard's classification of schizophrenias and cycloid
      psychoses. According to the second of these methods, the systematic
      schizophrenias and cycloid psychoses definitely diverge on account of the
      phenotypic correlations, whereas the unsystematic group presumably occupies a
      median genetic position between the two categories first mentioned.

PMID- 4034799
TI  - [Some ethical aspects of psychotherapeutic work].
AB  - A few thoughts are presented regarding the current discussion concerning ethical
      aspects of psychotherapy in socialist society. The author states his opinion
      regarding such problems as the obligation to take maximum care, the obligation to
      be constantly on call, professional discretion, the obligation to give treatment,
      cooperation with colleagues and the necessity of self-experience for the
      psychotherapeutic on the basis of experience gained in psychotherapeutic
      practice.

PMID- 4034800
TI  - [Acrocephalosyndactylia--Vogt syndrome].
AB  - A genetically remarkable case of the Vogt syndrome (combination of the Apert and
      Crouzon syndromes) associated with a dysraphia syndrome is described. Clinically,
      malformations corresponding to the Apert syndrome were prominent, and
      radiological examination of the skull revealed a prominent Crouzon syndrome.
      Investigation of the familial background revealed the presence of malformations
      in other members of the family, such as malformation of the extremities and
      acrocephalus. On the other hand, the father's age of 63 years was considerably
      higher than that of fathers in the average population, so that the possibility of
      a new mutation had to be considered. The fact that the mother suffered an attack
      of influenza during pregnancy, finally, brought the possibility of peristatic
      influences being involved in the complex malformations.

PMID- 4034801
TI  - [Frequency of the P3 component of the acoustic ERP in children with normal or
      diminished concentration ability].
AB  - The occurrence of the P3 component of the acoustic vertex ERP after an
      appropriate stimulus was recorded for 27 male children (including 6 with early
      brain damage) with normal and 37 (including 33 with early brain damage) with
      below-normal concentration. Both groups had the same mean age and intelligence. A
      P3 component was found in the case of 18 subjects with normal and 9 with below
      normal concentration. The rearrangement of the subjects to give one group with,
      and one without, brain damage yielded smaller differences. The significant
      difference (p less than 1%) in the frequencies with which the P3 component
      occurred, taking the mean concentration into account, leads to the assumption
      that the internal processing of the stimulus is disturbed in boys with poor
      concentration.

PMID- 4034802
TI  - [Experiences with the combination of communication training and dynamic group
      psychotherapy].
AB  - Three psychotherapy groups consisting of altogether 37 patients took part in
      communication training after L. Schabisch and M. Sieme in preparation for group
      centred dynamic psychotherapy. The results of pretherapy and post-therapy surveys
      with the MMPI were tested for quantitative changes using Posthoff and H. F.
      Bottcher's gnoseologically based test. The findings suggest that this combination
      of methods has a high standard of efficiency, which is finally discussed.

PMID- 4034803
TI  - [Receptive individual music therapy in the concept of ambulatory psychotherapy].
AB  - Practical experience regarding the application of receptive individual music
      therapy after Schwabe is used as a basis to discuss its use at outpatient
      surgeries. The method is used for patient-centred psychodynamic counselling of
      neurotics and can, because it permits particularly an emotional access to the
      patient, accelerate the treatment. The author discusses the treatment itself, its
      indicants, the training of therapeutics, questions of medical competence and the
      constraints limiting its application for outpatient treatment.

PMID- 4034804
TI  - [Practice-relevant problems of psychodiagnostically oriented dispensary models].
AB  - Dispensary care covers all efforts directed towards maintaining health in the
      sense of physical, mental and social well-being. In view of the purely organ
      related standpoint, which is still sometimes encountered, problems may arise in
      practice which obstruct endeavours towards this aim. Screening was used to
      identify, among groups with levels of psychoneurological stress higher than the
      mean yielded by epidemiological surveys and which increase with increasing length
      of vocational life, subjects whose neurotic symptoms predominated among the
      totality of pathological findings. Possible conclusions are drawn for the further
      implementation of an optimized dispensary strategy at the basis.

PMID- 4034805
TI  - [Forensic activity and scientific research].

PMID- 4034806
TI  - [Psychiatric hospitals--an institutionalized defense system. I].
AB  - In the early beginnings of the constructional phase of a "sociopsychiatric
      satellite" of a rural psychiatric hospital where classical treatment parameters
      had been abandoned, signs were seen of trends towards a severely pathological
      group process which threatened to draw--induced by the patients--even the
      psychiatric attendants, nurses, helpers and physicians into the maelstrom of a
      mad interlock. At first, the sequence of events leading to this fateful climax
      remained largely below the threshold of consciousness. It became manifest by
      counter-transference reactions on the part of the psychiatric coworkers and
      generated creative powers which went beyond the processes described in literature
      in so far as they aimed at encompassing and sweeping along the institution as a
      whole. This prompts the author to suspect that the part played by the patients in
      the creation, shaping and routine reproduction of the institution known as
      "psychiatric hospital", has been underestimated up to now. After supplementary
      descriptions of the mutual involvement process in Part II, an attempt is made, in
      analogy to the concept of Mentzos, to describe the defence moves against such a
      pathological symbiosis as an essential part of psychiatric treatment
      institutions, especially of psychiatric hospitals or "asylums".

PMID- 4034807
TI  - [The origin of violence in psychiatry--a contribution to double-bind rage].
AB  - The discussion about Euthanasia newly has raised the question on the violent
      implications of interaction in psychiatry. Psychiatry is under obligation of the
      forces of order on one, of the wish to help on the other side. This double bind
      reflects an interactional feature of construction which the psychotic patient has
      to go through, but which he carries on too. The selfreduplicative construction of
      originally individual double bind-situations corresponds to the patient's
      conception of live, but evokes a specific, only perceptible at short notice,
      disintigrating "double-bind-Wut" in the involved therapist, which mainly is
      endangering the patient. The state of "double-bind-Wut" and the working up of
      this rage is determined by the primary process therefore directly unconscious. We
      investigate to what extent the "double-bind-Wut" is to make perceptible and thus
      to handle; by the means of casuistic microstructures we give reasons for the
      assumption that the desintrating power of "double-bind-Wut" might become a
      methodical paradigm of future research.

PMID- 4034808
TI  - [Liberal or controlled approach--the management of violent patients in
      psychiatric clinics].
AB  - The traditional mental hospitals are said to hamper recovery and obstruct
      rehabilitation by an authoritarian therapeutic regimen. Nevertheless, the claim
      of community-oriented hospitals that a liberal therapeutic style improves
      prognosis and makes treatment more human requires scrutiny. The management of
      violent patients who call for controlling and disciplinary measures seems to be
      crucial. In the light of a case-history the article describes, how a
      misinterpretation of liberal principles complicates the treatment of dangerous
      patients and supports an attitude which does not admit the double character of
      psychiatric therapy in regard of the inevitable conflict between safety
      precautions and therapeutic engagement.

PMID- 4034809
TI  - [Italian psychiatry reform in the Piedmont region: Law no. 180 and its
      consequences].
AB  - Psychiatric reform in the northern Italian region of Piedmont following Law No.
      180 is described. From 1977 to 1981 the overall psychiatric hospital inmate
      population is reduced from 5.544 to 2.396, the majority of patients discharged is
      now living in outpatient therapeutic communities, private psychiatric hostels and
      nursing homes. 76 community mental health centres with an average catchment area
      of 59.000 inhabitants and a medium of 250 patients as well as 21 psychiatric
      wards in general hospitals with a total of 253 beds are set up to substitute
      psychiatric hospitals. Inpatient admission and discharge numbers are stable in
      the years preceding and following law no. 180, private psychiatric hospitals
      decrease their proportion of total admission numbers from 49% (1975) to 40%
      (1980). Percentage of compulsory inpatient treatments falls from 30% (1975) to 6%
      (1980), duration of hospital treatment is drastically reduced. There is an
      integration of psychiatric services in the general health care system, utopic
      reform objectives have not been reached.

PMID- 4034810
TI  - Brief psychotherapy with vulnerable patients: an outcome assessment.
AB  - The outcome of brief therapy with psychologically vulnerable patients is
      uncertain, and some clinicians, anticipating negative effects, recommend
      exclusion of such patients from time-limited treatment. We had the opportunity to
      explore the results of time-limited dynamic therapy with eight vulnerable
      patients, a subsample within a larger series of 35 persons treated for
      pathological grief reactions precipitated by parental death. These cases included
      three poor outcomes, four good outcomes, and one fair outcome. Examination of
      each case individually suggests that for the majority, brief therapy was useful
      in stemming a downhill course. In some cases, it also provided a bridge to an
      indicated longer-term psychotherapy.

PMID- 4034811
TI  - Splitting dynamics, self-representations and boundary phenomena in the group
      psychotherapy of borderline personality disorders.

PMID- 4034812
TI  - Pills as transitional objects: a dynamic understanding of the use of medication
      in psychotherapy.
AB  - Combining psychotherapy with psychopharmacology is a clinically challenging
      endeavor. In the psychopharmacology of the borderline patient, pills may function
      as transitional objects. This point is derived from a review of the literature,
      and illustrated by clinical material from three case studies. Recognition of the
      transitional properties of pills may aid therapists in making sense of many
      clinical phenomena and in developing effective treatment strategies. Other
      psychodynamic concepts may be useful in understanding the complex integration of
      psychotherapy and psychopharmacology.

PMID- 4034813
TI  - From conflict to collaboration: psychiatry and the hospital police.
AB  - Social control is one of the major tasks of the profession of psychiatry
      (Astrachan, Levinson, and Adler 1976; Adler, Astrachan, and Levinson 1981). The
      reduction and control of deviant behavior in the community, in the hospital, and
      on the psychiatric ward are essential, if underappreciated, responsibilities
      which psychiatrists must negotiate every day. In large urban general hospitals,
      an increasingly common site for psychiatric programs, deviant behavior derives
      both from the psychopathology of the patients and from the intrusion of criminal
      influences from the community. Many urban hospitals have an institutional police
      force that, like the psychiatry service, is charged with responsibility for
      managing deviant behavior, albeit through law enforcement methods rather than
      clinical ones. In recent years law enforcement officers and psychiatrists have
      increasingly become involved with each other in areas where their social control
      responsibilities overlap. This increased involvement has often been accompanied
      by tension, distrust, and, at times, overt antagonism between the two groups.
      This paper will describe and analyze fundamental sources of this tension and
      outline one approach to its reduction.

PMID- 4034814
TI  - Interpersonal behavior and therapeutic progress: therapists and clients rate
      themselves and each other.
AB  - To measure the extent to which progress in psychotherapy can be predicted from
      the interpersonal styles of therapists and clients, 42 outpatients and their 11
      therapists rated themselves and each other on Benjamin's Structural Analysis of
      Social Behavior (SASB) scales. In addition, therapists rated amount of client
      change and therapy success-failure, based on the outcome section of the Rogers
      and Dymond (1954) scale, and clients used the Strupp, Fox, and Lessler (1969)
      questionnaire to evaluate progress-to-date. Clients also completed the Hopkins
      Symptom Checklist (HSCL) at the start of therapy and after they had completed at
      least 6 treatment sessions. Canonical analyses indicated that when optimally
      weighted, SASB scores can predict at least 65% of the reported progress variance,
      lending credence to claims that "reflexive social behavior" and "the
      relationship" are important determinants of certain aspects of therapeutic
      outcome. Consistent with previous literature, clients reported more satisfaction
      with therapy when they perceived their therapists as "warm and freeing," but such
      perceptions were not systematically related to reported symptom reduction.
      Unfavorable self-concept ratings by therapists and therapist ratings of clients
      as "helping or protecting," which suggest role reversal, were negatively
      associated with symptom amelioration.

PMID- 4034815
TI  - Failing to resist hypnotic test suggestions: a strategy for self-presenting as
      deeply hypnotized.
AB  - Traditionally, hypnosis has been associated with the idea that highly
      hypnotizable subjects lose voluntary control over their responses and become
      incapable of resisting suggestions. We contend instead that even excellent
      hypnotic subjects retain control over their responses. These subjects are
      invested in presenting themselves as "deeply hypnotized," and to this end employ
      relevant contextual information to guide their hypnotic enactments. Contextual
      demands in the hypnotic test situation usually reinforce the idea that hypnotic
      behavior is involuntary. Therefore, the enactments of highly hypnotizable
      subjects are typically designed to convey the impression that responses to
      suggestions are involuntary happenings that cannot be successfully resisted. This
      formulation implies that highly hypnotizable subjects will present themselves as
      unable to resist suggestions or, alternatively, as able to easily resist
      suggestions, depending upon which of these self-presentations they associate with
      "deep hypnosis." We tested this and related hypotheses by varying the demands
      associated with "deep hypnosis" and noting the effects on the tendencies of
      highly hypnotizable subjects to resist suggestions and to describe their
      responses as involuntary happenings over which they had lost control.

PMID- 4034816
TI  - Cigarette brand switching: relating assessment strategies to the critical issues.

PMID- 4034817
TI  - Detection theory analysis of group data: estimating sensitivity from average hit
      and false-alarm rates.

PMID- 4034818
TI  - Quantitative models of the genetic transmission of schizophrenia.

PMID- 4034819
TI  - Information processing rates in the elderly.

PMID- 4034820
TI  - Myths about male midlife crises.

PMID- 4034821
TI  - An empirical investigation of mood characteristics of highly apprehensive
      persons.

PMID- 4034822
TI  - Influence of age and body proportions on weight loss of obese women after
      treatment.

PMID- 4034823
TI  - Modification of pain through covert positive reinforcement.

PMID- 4034824
TI  - Criterion-related validity of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale.

PMID- 4034825
TI  - Locus of control and perceived stress among student-teachers.

PMID- 4034826
TI  - Assessment measures that discriminate between levels of DUI clients.

PMID- 4034827
TI  - Reliability and discriminant validity of the children's drug-use survey.

PMID- 4034828
TI  - Reexamining the Beck Depression Inventory: the long and short of it.

PMID- 4034829
TI  - Comparisons of psychiatric outpatients with controls on Bipolar Profile of Mood
      States.

PMID- 4034830
TI  - WISC and WISC-R range and mean deviation: indices of scatter for a clinic
      referred population.

PMID- 4034831
TI  - Helping Beliefs Inventory: brief screening measure for training volunteer
      applicants in counseling.

PMID- 4034832
TI  - Rated clinical utility of the Psychological Inventory of Personality and
      Symptoms.

PMID- 4034833
TI  - Test-retest Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised scores for 310
      educable mentally retarded and specific learning disabled students.

PMID- 4034834
TI  - Efficiency points: total score versus subject area score--is there an
      association?

PMID- 4034835
TI  - Comment on Belden, Braukmann, and Wolf.

PMID- 4034836
TI  - Depression and fear of death in a normal population.

PMID- 4034837
TI  - Biases in betting: an application of laboratory findings.

PMID- 4034838
TI  - Perceptions of community carers about elderly people: a sentence completion
      approach.

PMID- 4034839
TI  - Unconscious content.

PMID- 4034841
TI  - General and physical self-esteem and altruistic behavior.

PMID- 4034840
TI  - Concordance ratings of community adjustment for older psychiatric inpatients.

PMID- 4034842
TI  - Adjustment of Vietnamese refugee youths: a self-report.

PMID- 4034843
TI  - Evaluation of a multimodal structured group approach in treatment of depression.

PMID- 4034844
TI  - The effects of noise on the processing of global shape and local detail.

PMID- 4034845
TI  - Continuous information processing in conceptual identifications.

PMID- 4034847
TI  - The Morinaga misalignment effect: reduction and reversal by modification of
      figural extremities.

PMID- 4034848
TI  - Social influences on conditioned cortisol secretion in the squirrel monkey.
AB  - 'Social buffering'--the apparent capacity of group membership to reduce the
      adrenocortical response to stress, was investigated in squirrel monkeys by means
      of a between-within experimental design. Adult males were assigned to two groups.
      Group paired (n = 6) received pairings of a conditional stimulus (CS) with
      footshock. Group control (n = 6) received CS presentations without shock. All
      animals were then tested with 10 presentations of the CS without shock under
      three social-housing conditions, in four successive phases of the experiment:
      individual, dyad, group, and individual housing. Neither group showed a cortisol
      response to the CS prior to training. Following training, CS-evoked elevations of
      cortisol were found only in group paired, and only in the individual housing
      conditions. These results replicate and extend our previous finding that the
      presence of conspecifics can ameliorate a neuroendocrine response to
      psychological stressors in squirrel monkeys.

PMID- 4034849
TI  - Vasopressin--oxytocin in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients and normal
      controls.
AB  - Vasopressin and oxytocin seem to be involved in the processes of learning and
      memory in animals and probably in man. These peptides appear to have opposite
      effects in that vasopressin improves memory processes and oxytocin produces
      amnestic effects. We measured these neuropeptides in the cerebrospinal fluid of
      schizophrenic patients with and without neuroleptic treatment, psychiatrically
      healthy controls and drug-free patients before and after three weeks' neuroleptic
      treatment. There were no significant differences in vasopressin concentrations
      between schizophrenics and controls. No influence of neuroleptic treatment on
      vasopressin concentrations was detected. In contrast, concentrations of oxytocin
      were increased in all schizophrenic patients and were higher in those receiving
      neuroleptic treatment. In addition, oxytocin concentrations increased after three
      weeks' neuroleptic treatment. Drug-induced increase of oxytocin concentrations
      may be of significance in the clinically observed amnestic syndromes and
      debilitation in schizophrenics treated with neuroleptics.

PMID- 4034850
TI  - Differential responses in prolactin levels induced by naloxone in humans.
AB  - The plasma prolactin (PRL) response to the opiate antagonist naloxone was tested
      in drug-free healthy volunteers (10 men, 18 regularly menstruating women who were
      in the late follicular phase of their ovarian cycles, and seven post-menopausal
      women). Naloxone hydrochloride (2 mg intravenous bolus) and placebo (normal
      saline) were administered on two different days in a double-blind fashion. Blood
      samples were collected at -15, 0, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after the
      injection. In the women of reproductive age, naloxone reduced plasma PRL
      concentrations, whereas in the post-menopausal women and the men, naloxone
      resulted in no significant change. However, in the post-menopausal women treated
      with estrogen (intramuscular 17-beta-estradiol), the opiate antagonist was able
      to lower plasma PRL concentrations. Thus, it appears that opiate effects on PRL
      secretion are influenced by the gonadal steroid environment and that estrogens
      may play a modulating role.

PMID- 4034846
TI  - Conditioned taste aversion and traditional learning.

PMID- 4034851
TI  - Diagnostic performance of the thirty-four hour dexamethasone suppression test.
AB  - The performance of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in the diagnostic
      confirmation of endogenous depression was compared according to two times of
      blood collection--1600 hr on day 2 (usual sample) and 0800 hr on day 3 (34 hr
      after dexamethasone intake)--in 14 endogenous depressives and in a control group
      of 17 psychiatric inpatients with other diagnoses. For the day 2 (1600 hr)
      sample, a 5 micrograms/dl cortisol concentration represented the best cut-off
      score, with sensitivity of 57% specificity of 88%, and diagnostic confidence of
      80%. For the day 3 (0800 hr) sample, the best cut-off score was 20 micrograms/dl,
      with the same sensitivity (57%) but there was a decrease of both specificity (to
      76%) and diagnostic confidence (to 67%). The mean cortisol levels were much
      higher on day 3 than on day 2, suggesting that the inhibitory activity of
      dexamethasone was no longer present.

PMID- 4034852
TI  - Treating phase typed chronobiologic sleep and mood disorders using appropriately
      timed bright artificial light.

PMID- 4034854
TI  - CSF, plasma, and urine: what do concomitant measurements of norepinephrine and
      its metabolites mean?

PMID- 4034853
TI  - Serotonergic modulation of cortical rat noradrenergic system in the mechanism of
      action of antidepressant drugs.

PMID- 4034855
TI  - Neuropeptidergic regulation of feeding.

PMID- 4034856
TI  - Peptide-catecholamine interaction: feeding and satiety.

PMID- 4034857
TI  - Isoproterenol-induced anxiety states.

PMID- 4034858
TI  - The lactate infusion model.

PMID- 4034859
TI  - Serotonin-behavior interactions in vervet monkeys.

PMID- 4034861
TI  - Depression, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activity, and lymphocyte
      function.

PMID- 4034862
TI  - Psychobiological markers for schizophrenia: state of the art and future
      perspectives.

PMID- 4034860
TI  - The alpha MSH-specific and arcuate pro-opiomelanocortin neuronal systems of the
      hypothalamus: observations on their connectivity and response to colchicine
      treatment.

PMID- 4034863
TI  - Are there state-dependent markers in schizophrenia?

PMID- 4034864
TI  - Vulnerability to schizophrenia: childhood indicators predict adult outcome.

PMID- 4034865
TI  - Distractibility as a marker of vulnerability to schizophrenia.

PMID- 4034866
TI  - Neurophysiological aspects of information processing in schizophrenia.

PMID- 4034867
TI  - Sensory and perceptual behavioral markers of schizophrenia.

PMID- 4034868
TI  - Cholecystokinin potentiates dopamine-mediated behaviors in the nucleus accumbens,
      a site of CCK-DA co-existence.

PMID- 4034869
TI  - Persistent effects of amphetamine, p-chloroamphetamine, and related compounds on
      central dopamine and serotonin neurons in rodents.

PMID- 4034870
TI  - The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: a highlight of recent evidence.

PMID- 4034871
TI  - Major depression and panic disorder: a family study perspective.

PMID- 4034872
TI  - Panic disorder and major depression: biological relationships.

PMID- 4034873
TI  - Lactate infusion in patients with depression and anxiety.

PMID- 4034874
TI  - Effect of panic attacks on the treatment of atypical depressives.

PMID- 4034875
TI  - Hormones and depression--conceptual transitions.

PMID- 4034876
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging studies of schizophrenia.

PMID- 4034877
TI  - Dopamine receptor binding of C-11-3-N-methylspiperone in the caudate in
      schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a preliminary report.

PMID- 4034878
TI  - Behavioral treatment of social phobia.

PMID- 4034879
TI  - Molecular basis of drug-resistance mutations in C. elegans.

PMID- 4034880
TI  - Biophysical alterations in cell membranes associated with psychotherapeutic drug
      exposure, psychopathology, and aging.

PMID- 4034881
TI  - Adrenergic agonist therapy in alcohol withdrawal states in man.

PMID- 4034882
TI  - Chemical approaches to drug delivery to the central nervous system.

PMID- 4034883
TI  - Implantable narcotic antagonists: a possible new treatment for narcotic
      addiction.

PMID- 4034884
TI  - Depression in adults with a history of prenatal DES exposure.

PMID- 4034885
TI  - Cortisol and prolactin responses to dexamethasone in major depression, chronic
      pain, and chronic pain with major depression.

PMID- 4034886
TI  - Evidence for a daily rhythm of plasma HVA in normal controls but not in
      schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 4034887
TI  - Addition of estrogen to imipramine in female-resistant depressives.

PMID- 4034888
TI  - The stress-alexithymia hypothesis: theorectical and empirical considerations.
AB  - An association has been noted between the presence of alexithymic characteristics
      and psychosomatic/stress-related illness. A hypothesis is presented here
      outlining the mechanisms through which stress and alexithymic characteristics
      contribute to the development of stress-related illness. This hypothesis, the
      stress-alexithymia hypothesis, is considered here in the context of stress
      research from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. From these
      considerations, it appears that the stress-alexithymia hypothesis does have a
      theoretical basis. Additionally, there is indirect empirical evidence supporting
      the proposed influence of alexithymic characteristics on the physiological stress
      response. It is suggested that future research should directly examine the
      influence of alexithymic characteristics on stress responding and use alexithymic
      characteristics heuristically to explore the role of affect in the illness
      process.

PMID- 4034889
TI  - The role of anger in hypertension.
AB  - We report a study about the administration of two Dutch questionnaires (the State
      Trait Anger Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) to a sample of patients
      with essential hypertension and to a matched control group. Analyses of the test
      results demonstrated that some significant differences could be observed in the
      levels of anxiety and anger. Special attention was paid to certain test-item
      answers, showing that hypertensives, although feeling irritated and angry,
      retreat to some extent from showing their anger.

PMID- 4034890
TI  - The medical-psychiatric unit: a novel psychosomatic approach.
AB  - A retrospective chart review of 600 general hospital patients, of whom 200 had
      been admitted to a medical-psychiatric unit, 200 to a conventional psychiatric
      unit and 200 to medical-surgical units, and for whom psychiatric consultation had
      been requested, disclosed significant differences in the patient populations of
      these services. The data suggest that consultation psychiatry and medical
      psychiatric units serve two different subgroups of patients with combined
      physical and psychiatric illness. A comprehensive model of clinical psychosomatic
      medicine encompassing consultation psychiatry, liaison psychiatry, medical
      psychiatric units and after-care medical-psychiatric clinics, is proposed.

PMID- 4034891
TI  - Alexithymia and the split brain. I. Lexical-level content analysis.
AB  - 8 cerebral commissurotomy patients and 8 precision-matched normal control
      subjects were shown a 3-minute videotaped film symbolically depicting the deaths
      of a baby and of a boy. After each of 4 showings, all subjects were questioned
      about the symbolic and emotional contents of the film. Content analyses of the
      subjects' spoken and written responses were carried out on the lexical level. The
      commissurotomized patients, in comparison to their normal controls, used a lower
      percentage of affect-laden words, had a higher percentage of incomplete
      sentences, used a higher percentage of auxiliary verbs, and used a lower
      percentage of adjectives. Commissurotomy patients were significantly closer to
      the alexithymic pole of a factor derived from these 4 variables.

PMID- 4034892
TI  - Coping behaviors of severe diabetics.
AB  - In order to study the relationship between personality and the development of
      diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus, diabetics with
      retinopathy (severe group) and sex-, age-, and duration-matched diabetics without
      complications were tested by psychological tests, and interviewed. The result of
      the Yatabe-Guilford personality test (Y-G) and Spielberger's State and Trait
      Anxiety Inventory revealed that subjects were emotionally and socially stable and
      well-adjusted types and less anxious in the severe group than in the mild group.
      The interview findings reveal that the severe group had neglected the medical
      treatment and the diet therapy for significantly longer periods of time and the
      incidence of a childhood parental separation was significantly higher in the
      severe group than in the mild group. Discussion focuses on the severe diabetics'
      coping behavior which is characterized by the neglect of medical treatment and
      diet therapy for extended periods of time, which in turn resulted in diabetic
      retinopathy and other complications. Such coping behavior is shown to be
      equivalent to that found in the alexithymic behavioral syndrome.

PMID- 4034893
TI  - [Social psychology in depth psychology and analytic psychotherapy].

PMID- 4034894
TI  - [Psychoanalytic interactional therapy].

PMID- 4034895
TI  - [Psychosomatic consultation in a large clinic: problems of integration and
      patient compliance].

PMID- 4034896
TI  - [Value concepts of psychotherapists, candidates and students].

PMID- 4034897
TI  - [Competitive sports in psychoses].

PMID- 4034898
TI  - [Psychosomatic day clinic: last experience?].

PMID- 4034899
TI  - [Is the success of psychotherapeutic treatment predictable? Experiences from the
      Penn Psychotherapy Project].

PMID- 4034900
TI  - [Reflections on the evaluation of psychotherapeutic treatments].

PMID- 4034901
TI  - [Phobic organ neuroses].

PMID- 4034902
TI  - [Behavior therapy with groups of normal-weight essential hypertension patients in
      general practice].

PMID- 4034903
TI  - Recent developments in the classification of pain.

PMID- 4034904
TI  - Clarity of request for consultation: its relationship to psychiatric diagnosis.

PMID- 4034905
TI  - Patients' reactions to house staff work rounds.

PMID- 4034906
TI  - Barrett's syndrome presenting as globus hystericus.

PMID- 4034907
TI  - Behavioral instruction for a patient's relative to increase antihypertensive
      compliance.

PMID- 4034908
TI  - Vaccination against measles and other viral diseases.

PMID- 4034909
TI  - Sanatorium admissions in a boys' boarding school.

PMID- 4034910
TI  - Childhood accidents: a registration in public and private medical facilities of a
      French health care area.

PMID- 4034911
TI  - Measles outbreak in a day nursery.

PMID- 4034912
TI  - Comparison of occupations recorded at cancer registration and death.

PMID- 4034913
TI  - An audit of antibiotic prescribing in general practice using sore throats as a
      tracer for quality control.

PMID- 4034914
TI  - Undergraduate attitudes to exposure to an NHS resource allocation problem.

PMID- 4034915
TI  - Fluid compartmentation and articular mechanoreceptor discharge in the cat knee
      joint.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine the effect of alteration of intra
      articular pressure in different areas of the cat knee joint on the discharge of
      slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the posterior region of the joint. At
      physiological (subatmospheric) pressures the anterior and posterior regions of
      the knee joint are not hydraulically continuous. However, at supra-atmospheric
      pressures between 2.5 and 9 cmH2O there is free communication between these
      areas. The discharge of receptors in the posterior region of the joint is
      influenced by intra-articular pressure changes in the posterior region when these
      are supra-atmospheric. However, pressure changes in the anterior region of the
      joint have little effect on the discharge of these receptors until free
      communication occurs between anterior and posterior regions. It is suggested that
      articular mechanoreceptors detect tension changes in collagen fibrils rather than
      volume changes of the joint capsule.

PMID- 4034916
TI  - The response of slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the cat knee joint to tetanic
      contraction of hind limb muscles.
AB  - The effect of tetanic contraction of muscles acting at the cat knee joint on the
      discharge of various types of slowly adapting knee joint receptors was
      investigated. Contraction of a particular muscle could either increase, decrease
      or produce no alteration in the discharge of a given receptor. Whatever effects
      were produced by muscle contraction, these effects were always maximal at
      extremes of the flexion/extension range, and enhanced by limb movement. However,
      these receptors could not be induced to discharge at intermediate positions
      either by the passive tension or active contraction of muscles around the knee
      joint. It is concluded that muscle contraction does not increase the proportion
      of joint receptors (approximately 18%) which are known to spontaneously discharge
      at intermediate positions in the absence of significant muscle tone (Ferrell,
      1980).

PMID- 4034917
TI  - Milk accumulation and secretion in the rabbit.
AB  - Over the 24 h period after suckling, total mammary-gland weight increased
      linearly indicating no reduction in the rate of milk secretion during the
      relatively long interval between sucklings in the rabbit. Thus, storage capacity
      is matched to the long storage period. Beyond 24 h in the absence of suckling at
      24 h, the rate of milk accumulation declined rapidly. This decline was not
      prevented by the administration of ovine prolactin or by permitting suckling of
      sealed teats at 24 h. During the decline in secretory rate after 24 h, milk [Na]
      and [Cl] increased while [K] and [lactose] decreased, as in other species. It is
      concluded that the decrease in secretory rate after cessation of suckling is not
      caused by lack of hormonal stimulation; it is suggested that mammary distension
      caused by accumulation of milk is responsible.

PMID- 4034918
TI  - Synaptic arrangements formed by serotonin-immunoreactive axons in the substantia
      gelatinosa of the rat spinal cord.
AB  - Ultrastructural properties of serotonin-immunoreactive axons in the rat's
      substantia gelatinosa were examined in order to determine the synaptic
      arrangements that they form in the neuropil. Some immunoreactive varicosities
      formed synaptic associations with somata or dendrites suggesting that
      serotoninergic systems are capable of influencing the activity of these
      structures post-synaptically. No examples of axo-axonic synapses were found. Most
      varicosities, however, did not form identifiable synaptic junctions, but were
      closely associated with somata, dendrites or axons. Some of these associations
      may be functional but morphological evidence for this is lacking.

PMID- 4034919
TI  - Effects of water availability on plasma protein and sodium concentration,
      haematocrit and plasma osmolality in the pig.
AB  - Eighteen young growing pigs of the Large White breed were housed in individual
      pens or metabolism stands and habituated to drinking their water from a bowl.
      Those housed in the metabolism stands were surgically fitted with a catheter
      placed in he jugular vein to allow collection of blood samples. The voluntary
      intake of water after periods of progressively increasing water deprivation was
      measured. The measurements were made by allowing the pigs to drink to satiety
      after either a 2, 4, 8, 12 or 18 h period of water deprivation. Voluntary water
      intake was a function of the duration of water withdrawal and the rate of intake
      increased with progressive deprivation. Changes in plasma concentration of sodium
      and protein, haematocrit and osmolality could be detected after 12 and 18 h of
      dehydration. The progressive changes in plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]),
      osmolality, protein concentration and haematocrit during adaptation to
      dehydration when water was withheld for 72 h were examined in six pigs. Using a
      technique of continuous blood sampling, the rapid changes in the same blood
      parameters during rehydration, when water was made freely available at the end of
      the 72 h period, were also monitored. The [Na+] and osmolality dropped
      precipitously following the onset of drinking. From the 15 min stage to the 4 h
      stage with water available ad libitum, the values of both parameters remained
      below their control levels. However, the plasma protein concentration and the
      haematocrit values remained significantly above their pre-dehydration control
      levels up to the 4 h stage, even with water freely available, thus showing that
      drinking stopped even though the extracellular fluid phase remained dehydrated.
      Only with food available did the blood measures return to normal. It is concluded
      that the cellular fluid phase forms an integral part of the mechanisms involved
      in the termination of drinking in the pig.

PMID- 4034920
TI  - Osmotic and ionic regulation during dehydration in a large bird, the emu
      (Dromaius novaehollandiae): an important role for the cloaca-rectum.
AB  - The emu, a large (40 kg) flightless bird, has low water requirements yet it has a
      limited ability to produce concentrated urine. To clarify the factors involved in
      excretion and water conservation by the emu the patterns of excretion during
      water restriction were examined. Additionally, kidney function was studied, as
      also was the role of the cloaca and rectum in the final modification of excreta.
      Following water restriction the osmolality of the excreta fluid increased to a
      maximum level at 6 d of 428 +/- 39(8) mosmol (mean +/- S.E.M. (n)), the urine to
      plasma ratio being 1.35 +/- 0.12(8). In normally hydrated birds almost all Na and
      Cl were excreted in the fluid fraction but a third of the K was associated with
      the solid fraction of the excreta. After water restriction for 9 d the pattern of
      excretion of K did not change but the majority of Na (79%) and Cl (73%) were
      excreted in the solid phase, possibly associated with urates. In ureteral urine
      most of the nitrogen was excreted as uric acid or urates; a large fraction, 36 +/
      4(4)%, was not identified. The glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.) was 41.3 +/-
      2.2(6) ml/kg.h. This value is low when compared with other birds and may be
      related to the large size of the emu. The G.F.R. decreased by 30% after 7 d water
      restriction. The cloaca-rectum appears to play a major role in the modification
      of excreta. In vivo perfusion studies showed transepithelial net transport rates
      of water and major electrolytes to be large. Transport of water from an isosmotic
      solution, 3.36 +/- 0.17 ml/kg.h, was approximately 10 times the maximum value
      reported for birds previously. The Na and Cl transport rates were also
      comparatively high.

PMID- 4034921
TI  - The dependence of the relaxation of tension of frog atrial-trabeculae on the
      sodium-calcium exchange: a voltage-clamp study.
AB  - The dependence of the relaxation of tension of isolated frog atrial trabeculae,
      upon membrane potential, [Na]0 and [Ca]0, has been studied under voltage-clamp
      conditions. The change in tension following the repolarization of the membrane
      potential can be resolved into two phases: an initial phase which opposes
      relaxation and has an exponential time constant of about 80 ms and is unaffected
      by changes in either membrane potential, [Na]o or [Ca]o; and a subsequent
      exponential fall in tension, the rate of which is slowed by depolarization,
      raised [Ca]o or lowered [Na]o. The dependence of the second phase of relaxation
      upon the membrane potential is consistent with Ca2+ being removed from the
      sarcoplasm by an Na-Ca exchange in the cell membrane which has a coupling ratio
      close to 3 Na+ for each Ca2+. To explain the full effects of changes in [Na]o and
      [Ca]o upon relaxation with the same Na-Ca exchange stoicheiometry it is necessary
      to assume that these changes in the bathing fluid affect [Na]i and that
      relaxation is dependent upon a single unbinding step, involving Ca2+ and the
      regulatory proteins.

PMID- 4034922
TI  - Secretion of parotid acinar granules in rats during reflex stimulation after
      chronic sympathectomy.
AB  - After chronic post-ganglionic sympathectomy the ultrastructure of 'resting'
      parotid acinar cells in rats remains relatively normal, despite the loss of nerve
      impulses normally causing secretion of acinar granules from this gland. The
      question whether eating hard chow still induces some acinar degranulation weeks
      after superior cervical ganglionectomy, has now been tested. It was found that
      scattered pockets of parotid acinar degranulation did occur. Some of these
      changes after unilateral denervation may have been attributable to intact
      sympathetic nerves arising from the contralateral superior cervical ganglion
      (Alm, Asking, Emmelin & Gjorstrup, 1984), but this cannot explain similar changes
      that occurred in glands after bilateral ganglionectomy. The possibility that some
      degranulation may be induced by circulating catecholamines was tested, 9-16 weeks
      after unilateral sympathectomy, by placing animals in the cold (0-4 degrees C)
      for 2 h before removal of tissues. Animals not given food during that time showed
      no evidence of parotid acinar degranulation, but those given hard chow showed
      extensive acinar degranulation in both parotid glands. On the sympathectomized
      side the degranulation was, however, less uniform and more patchy than on the
      side with an intact innervation. These findings agree with he belief that
      circulating catecholamines can, at times, induce degranulation of parotid acinar
      cells made supersensitive by chronic sympathetic denervation but, for it to
      occur, the cells must also be receiving parasympathetic stimulation at the same
      time. This interaction probably permits a sufficient turnover of granules to
      maintain a relative homoeostasis of the parotid acinar cells in rats.

PMID- 4034923
TI  - Fixation of radiation-induced potentially lethal damage by anisotonic treatment
      and its modification by DMSO or BrdUrd in V79 cells.
AB  - The effects of radiosensitization by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) substitution and
      radioprotection by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have been examined in relation to
      fixation and repair of radiation damage by anisotonic treatment. The fixation of
      radiation damage in cells exposed to 0.05 M or 1.5 M NaCl after irradiation was
      the same at equal survival levels irrespective of (BrdUrd) incorporation into the
      DNA. Also, during incubation between irradiation and a subsequent anisotonic
      treatment, cells containing BrdUrd repaired radiation damage to the same extents
      as cells without BrdUrd. DMSO treatment resulted in radioprotection. Fixation, by
      anisotonic salt treatment, of damage resulting from irradiation in the presence
      of DMSO was less extensive than from irradiation in the absence of DMSO, even
      though X-ray doses were adjusted to give equal survival levels. Recovery during
      incubation at 37 degrees C between irradiation and a subsequent salt treatment
      occurred for irradiation in the presence and absence of DMSO. These data show
      that the alteration of DNA radiosensitivity by BrdUrd had no effect on fixation
      or repair of radiation damage as assessed by salt treatment, while DMSO which is
      an OH scavenger caused the damage to be less susceptible to fixation and this
      damage was repaired during incubation at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 4034924
TI  - Evidence for the induction of two types of potentially lethal damage after
      exposure of plateau phase Chinese hamster V79 cells to gamma-rays.
AB  - The fixation of gamma-rays induced potentially damage (PLD) caused after
      treatment either with beta-araA or in medium made hypertonic by the addition of
      sodium chloride was studied in plateau phase Chinese hamster V79 cells. Treatment
      with beta-araA was found to affect a sector of PLD, the fixation of which
      specifically reduced the shoulder width of the survival curve. The effect was
      maximized when cell survival reached levels corresponding to an exponential line,
      with a slope similar to the final slope of the survival curve of untreated cells.
      This effect was achieved by a four hour treatment with beta-araA at
      concentrations above 150 microM. Longer treatment times or incubation at higher
      beta-araA concentrations did not significantly enhance the effect. Treatment in
      hypertonic medium, on the other hand, enhanced cell killing in a concentration
      dependent (NaCl-concentration) way and the survival reached values much lower
      than those corresponding to an exponential line. No indication for a plateau in
      the effect, indicating complete fixation of the sector of PLD that reacts
      sensitively to this treatment, was obtained. Both the slope and the shoulder
      width of the survival curve were affected, the slope first being increased after
      short treatment times (up to 10 min), followed by a decrease in the shoulder
      width after longer treatment times (longer than 10 min). Lesions fixed after
      treatment with beta-araA were repaired within four hours, whereas the repair of
      lesions fixed after treatment in hypertonic medium (460 mM NaCl, 30 min) appeared
      to be biphasic, with a fast component (completed in about one hour) correlated
      with a decrease in the slope and a slow component (completed in four hours)
      correlated with restoration of the shoulder width. Based on these results, we
      suggest that two types of PLD may be induced in plateau phase V79 cells after
      exposure to gamma-rays. One, the repair of which is completed within about one
      hour and which affects the slope of the survival curve, and a second, the repair
      of which takes place in a few hours and which specifically affects the survival
      curve shoulder width. The terms beta-PLD and alpha-PLD are suggested for the
      first and second component, respectively. Comparison of the repair rates of alpha
      PLD as measured with the help of beta-araA and of sublethal damage as measured in
      split-dose experiments indicated that these two cellular repair processes have
      very similar kinetics when measured under the same experimental
      conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4034925
TI  - Self-renewal capacity of murine hemopoietic stem cells under internal
      contamination with 239Pu and 241Am.
AB  - The self-renewal capacity of murine pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) of
      vertebral bone marrow was studied under conditions of short-term and long-term
      internal contamination with 239Pu or 241Am in female mice. Measurement of the CFU
      S self-renewal capacity was carried out using double transplantation assay. To
      evaluate the production of differentiated progeny of stem cells average
      erythroblast numbers/visible spleen colony and 59Fe-uptake/colony were computed.
      The marrow cellularity/vertebra and the number of CFU-S/vertebra were decreased
      and affected more by 239Pu than by 241Am. The production of erythroblasts per a
      single CFU-S and the 59Fe-uptake/colony were reduced, similarly the numbers of
      secondary spleen colonies and of secondary CFU-S in primary colonies. The above
      changes resulting from impaired functions of surviving CFU-S were more serious
      with 241Am than with 239Pu. The biological effects of plutonium and americium
      appeared independent of the phase of contamination.

PMID- 4034926
TI  - Lack of correlation between differentiation status and response to radiation of
      three murine squamous cell carcinomas.
AB  - The gross growth rate, histology, cellular kinetics, and in situ radiobiological
      response have been measured for three murine, keratinising squamous cell
      carcinomas that differed in their degree of differentiation. Growth rate was
      fastest in the least-differentiated tumour, slowest in the best-differentiated.
      However, the kinetics of the compartment of undifferentiated cells that are
      likely to be radiotherapeutically important, were the same for the three lines.
      There was no correlation between degree of differentiation and intrinsic or
      apparent radiosensitivity as measured by the growth delay assay. The
      radiobiologically best-oxygenated tumour was that which has the largest stromal
      component and this was not the best-differentiated tumour.

PMID- 4034927
TI  - Evaluation of radio- and chemotoxic effects of 125I-UdR on tumour growth and host
      survival.
AB  - The toxicity of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (I-UdR) was assayed in male C57 BL/6J mice
      bearing the syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma EO 771 by injecting different doses
      of 'cold' I-UdR or 125-iodine labelled I-UdR. Host survival, tumour growth, DNA
      precursor incorporation, whole-body retention and tumour activity loss rates were
      chosen as biological end points. There was no measurable effect on host survival
      up to doses of 5 micrograms I-UdR or 50 microCi 125I-UdR per mouse during a mean
      life-span of 25 days. Adjusted to a constant amount of 0.55 micrograms I
      UdR/mouse, radiotoxicity of 125I-UdR on tumour growth (up to 17 days after
      implantation), tracer incorporation, whole-body and tumour retention (up to 12
      days after 125I-UdR injection) could be excluded up to a dosage of 50 microCi
      125I-UdR/mouse. It is concluded that in situ evaluation of tumour activity loss
      rates in carcinoma EO 771 is not disturbed by toxic effects of I-UdR or 125I-UdR
      within the dose limits mentioned.

PMID- 4034928
TI  - Clinical data for radiation embryology. Investigation programme 1967, report
      1984.
AB  - In 1967 a prospective clinical study was started with the aim of providing
      optimum counselling for married couples who desire continuation of a pregnancy
      despite radiation exposure at an early stage as a result of X-ray diagnostics.
      Recommendations were devised as to whether an interruption of pregnancy should be
      applied for or not. These results were discussed repeatedly. Within the framework
      of the prospective study, embryological examinations were made in cases of
      interruption of pregnancy, and clinical and genetic examinations in cases of
      children who had been subject to radiation stress in utero. Up to July 1st 1984
      nearly 200 cases of consultations have been or are being surveyed. The children
      were subjected to selected longterm examinations of up to 13 years. The results
      of cytogenetic, biochemical-genetic, clinical, and other examinations are
      considered and special characteristics of interesting cases are discussed. The
      conclusion was drawn that the recommendation to our patients to continue
      pregnancy in cases of exposure to radiation in utero below 0.1 Sv, was right.
      Furthermore the question arose of whether this dose limit could be increased. The
      study will be continued.

PMID- 4034929
TI  - On the microdosimetric definition of quality factors.
AB  - A formulation of the concept of quality factor based on the microdosimetric
      quantity lineal energy, y, is described. Toward this end, functions--denoted
      Specific Quality Functions (SQF)--are defined such that (a) they can be
      determined directly from observation and (b) a number of them can be used toward
      setting, by consensus, the values of a microdosimetrically-based quality factor.
      The determination of SQFs is exemplified by correlating data on the yields of
      dicentric aberrations in human lymphocytes with measured and calculated
      microdosimetric distributions. The implications of this approach to problems of
      radiation protection are discussed.

PMID- 4034930
TI  - Primary and secondary radiation doses from neon beam fragments.
AB  - The neon beam at 250 MeV/nucleon from the Bevalac at the Lawrence Berkeley
      Laboratory is bombarded in nuclear emulsion. The experimental interaction cross
      section of the neon beam in emulsion is 1078 +/- 35 mb, in agreement with the
      calculations from the modified Bradt and Peters formula. The secondary fragments
      were identified and their partial production cross sections were calculated. From
      the fluences of the primary and secondary fragments, we determine their radiation
      doses which are presented as a function of depth in the absorber.

PMID- 4034931
TI  - Effects of proliferation on the decay of thermotolerance in Chinese hamster
      cells.
AB  - Development and decay of thermotolerance were observed in Chinese hamster HA-1
      cells. The thermotolerance kinetics of exponentially growing and fed plateau
      phase cells were compared. Following a 10-min heat exposure at 45 degrees C,
      cells in both growth states had similar rates of development of tolerance to a
      subsequent 45-min exposure at 45 degrees C. This thermotolerant state started to
      decay between 12 and 24 hr after the initial heat exposure. The decay appeared to
      initiate slightly sooner in the exponentially growing cells when compared to the
      fed plateau-phase cells. During the decay phase, the rate of thermotolerance
      decay was similar in the two growth conditions. In other experiments, cells were
      induced to divide at a slower rate by chronic growth (3 months) in a low
      concentration of fetal calf serum. Under these low serum conditions cells became
      more sensitive to heat and the rate of decay of thermotolerance remained the same
      for exponentially growing cells. Plateau-phase cells were also more sensitive,
      but thermotolerance decayed more rapidly in these cells. Although dramatic cell
      cycle perturbations were seen in the exponentially growing cells, these changes
      appeared not to be related to thermotolerance kinetics.

PMID- 4034932
TI  - Comparative study of the effects of hyperthermia and BCNU on BCNU-sensitive and
      BCNU-resistant 9L rat brain tumor cells.
AB  - 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU)-sensitive and BCNU-resistant 9L rat
      brain tumor cells were treated with BCNU at graded temperatures between 37 and 44
      degrees C. The cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia alone on both cell lines were
      the same. Treating both cell lines with BCNU at temperatures above 37 degrees C
      caused a progressive increase in cell kill. All survival curves for drug
      sensitive cells had shoulders followed by a region of exponential cell kill; dose
      enhancement ratios calculated at the 10% survival level ranged from 1.7 to 3.0.
      Survival curves for drug-resistant cells were exponential without a shoulder;
      dose enhancement ratios ranged from 3.3 to 8.4. For each cell line, a similar
      amount of the increased cell kill could be explained on the basis of the
      increases concentration of reactive species produced by hydrolysis of BCNU at
      elevated temperatures. The amount of cell kill that cannot be explained on this
      basis, however, suggests that factors other than an increase in the concentration
      of reactive species at higher temperatures are involved in the enhanced cell
      killing. Possible mechanisms include a heat-induced change in the structure of
      DNA chromatin and the effect of isocyanate deactivation of repair enzymes, both
      of which could lead to an increase in the number of crosslinks formed and
      therefore to an increase in cytotoxicity.

PMID- 4034934
TI  - Factors affecting the photokilling of cultured Chinese hamster cells by
      phthalocyanines.
AB  - Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (CAPC) was recently shown to sensitize the
      inactivation of cultured Chinese hamster cells by visible light. Several factors
      affecting the photodynamic action of CAPC have been defined in the present study.
      Thus the photosensitized inactivation of Chinese hamster cells is not affected by
      superoxide dismutase, suggesting that O-2 radicals are not involved in the
      process. Postillumination treatments with D2O or heat (42 degrees C, 90 min)
      enhanced CAPC-induced photosensitivity, indicating the existence of a repair
      mechanism for photodamage. Preillumination treatments with sodium salicylate and
      5-bromodeoxyuridine also enhanced photosensitivity. The later observation
      suggests that CAPC-induced DNA damage is potentially lethal. However, 3
      aminobenzamide, a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis which is
      involved in repair of DNA strand breakage, had no effect on the photosensitivity.
      Photosensitized inactivation by CAPC is dependent on the pH value of the medium
      during irradiation. Thus, in the range of pH values 6-8, the sensitivity was
      increased at the lower values.

PMID- 4034933
TI  - Effects of hyperthermia on DNA interstrand crosslinking after treatment with BCNU
      in 9L rat brain tumor cells.
AB  - The effects of hyperthermia (42 degrees C) on 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea (BCNU)-mediated DNA interstrand crosslink formation were investigated
      in 9L rat brain tumor cells using the technique of alkaline elution. When cells
      were treated with 60 microM BCNU for 1 hr at 37 degrees C and incubated for 6 hr
      in drug-free medium at 42 degrees C, there was a 50% increase in crosslinking;
      and when cells were treated at 42 degrees C and incubated at 37 degrees C, there
      was a 45% increase in crosslinking compared with the results for cells treated
      and incubated at 37 degrees C. When cells were treated and incubated at 42
      degrees C, there was a 129% increase in DNA crosslinking. The same relative order
      of results was found for cell survival. These results suggest that hyperthermia
      can increase DNA interstrand crosslink formation and the consequent cell death
      through two independent mechanisms: an increase in the amount of initial
      alkylation because of the increased rate of hydrolysis of BCNU at higher
      temperatures, and the effect of heat on DNA structure that leads to an increase
      in the number of crosslinks formed.

PMID- 4034935
TI  - Mortality of registered A-bomb survivors in Nagasaki, Japan, 1970-1984.
AB  - A follow-up study of A-bomb survivors registered in Nagasaki was conducted from
      1970 to 1984 by the Scientific Data Center of A-Bomb Disaster at Nagasaki
      University, which has collected medical and administrative data on A-bomb
      survivors with the help of Nagasaki City Hall and other organizations. The
      purpose of this study was to investigate the following two points. (1) Has the
      health screening program for A-bomb survivors reduced the mortality rate? (2) If
      so, how much has it reduced it, and what would the life-shortening effect of
      radiation be without the health screening program? The results revealed that the
      effect of radiation on mortality would be underestimated if the health screening
      factor were ignored. The estimated effect of radiation dose was compared with
      that estimated by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF).

PMID- 4034936
TI  - X-ray and UV-radiation sensitivity of circulating lymphocytes in multiple
      epidermal cancer in relation to previous radiation exposure.
AB  - The cellular sensitivity to X rays (200 kV, 16 mA) and UV radiation (254 nm) was
      examined in lymphocytes from three groups of patients with multiple epidermal
      malignant tumors, selected by their clinical history of carcinogenesis. Eight
      patients previously exposed to low energy ionizing radiation (less than or equal
      to 12 kV) had an increased cellular sensitivity to UV radiation as well as X rays
      compared with 24 age and sex matched controls. This indicates the existence of a
      cellular cross-sensitivity to UV radiation and ionizing radiation not previously
      established for human cells. In contrast six patients previously exposed to high
      energy ionizing radiation (between 25 and 170 kV) had normal cellular response to
      both UV radiation and X rays, indicating a different biologic effect of low and
      high energy ionizing radiation. In the third group of patients, previously
      exposed to therapeutic UV radiation/excess sunlight, the lymphocytes had a normal
      response to X rays, but an increased sensitivity to UV radiation. The possibility
      of evaluating the individual risk at radiation exposure is suggested.

PMID- 4034937
TI  - Correlation of colony forming ability of mammalian cells with potassium content
      after hyperthermia under different experimental conditions.
AB  - When the potassium content of LM mouse fibroblasts was determined 16 hr after a
      heat treatment, a correlation was found between the concentration of potassium in
      the cell population and the level of cellular survival. When the cells were made
      thermotolerant, the degree of acquired heat resistance corresponded to a higher
      level of residual potassium. Also the degree of heat protection by erythritol
      corresponded to a higher level of residual potassium in the cells, while heat
      sensitization by procaine resulted in a lower level of potassium. It is concluded
      that the amount of residual potassium in these cells measured 16 hr after heat
      treatment may be considered as a suitable index for cell survival after
      hyperthermia treatment under different conditions.

PMID- 4034938
TI  - Ataxia telangiectasia cells exhibit the same radiosensitization response by
      incorporation of BrdUrd or IdUrd as do normal human cells.
AB  - Normal and ataxia telangiectasia (AT) human cells were exposed to 10(-5)
      mole/liter bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) or iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd). High-pressure
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements showed that up to 26 and 23% of the
      thymidine in DNA was substituted by BrdUrd in normal and AT cells, respectively.
      The incorporation of BrdUrd or IdUrd into DNA resulted in radiosensitization in
      normal and AT cells. When exposed to equal concentrations of BrdUrd and IdUrd,
      the BrdUrd caused greater radiosensitization than IdUrd in both normal and AT
      cells.

PMID- 4034939
TI  - [Long-term DNA damage and mammalian cell survival].
AB  - On the basis of our own data and those reported in the literature we have made an
      attempt to follow the fate of the DNA lesions which remain unrepaired during a
      long period of time, and their possible role in the fate of irradiated cells. The
      presence of long-lived ("residual") damages is determined by the changes in
      survival of exposed cells treated, at different times after irradiation, with a
      mixture of arabinoside cytosine and hydroxyurea. It is shown that "residual"
      damages can probably exist in the exposed generation and be retained in that
      following the irradiated one, i.e. after the first mitosis. The nearest
      descendants of exposed cells (the 3d-5th generations) exhibit a 50% decrease in
      the rate of DNA synthesis and fall of their proliferative activity, as well as a
      decrease in the rate of reproduction of their remote descendants. The comparison
      of the results obtained with those reported by other authors enable us to assume
      that "residual" DNA lesions play an important role in the fate of exposed cells,
      that is, in reproductive death, radiation mutagenesis, and malignant
      transformations.

PMID- 4034940
TI  - [Mechanisms of radiation impairment of DNA biosynthesis. Separation, partial
      purification, characteristics of and changes in DNA polymerase alpha and beta
      activities of rat bone marrow at early stages after gamma irradiation and
      comparison with the status of repair and replication biosynthesis of DNA].
AB  - Activity of alpha and beta DNA-polymerases in nuclei and cytosol and also
      replicative and repair biosynthesis of DNA in the bone marrow were determined
      during the first hours following whole-body gamma-irradiation of rats with a dose
      of 6 Gy. There was a pronounced and reliable correlation between postirradiation
      changes in activities of both DNA-polymerases in nuclei and also semiconservative
      and repair biosynthesis of DNA in bone marrow cells. The results were obtained by
      the method of separation and partial purification of alpha and beta polymerase
      the most important characteristics of which are presented.

PMID- 4034941
TI  - [Formal kinetic treatment of the possible role of proteins in DNA radiation
      tolerance, protection and sensitization].
AB  - The formal-kinetic calculations have been made of the postirradiation behaviour
      of a "protein-DNA" water system with marked variations in protein and DNA
      concentrations. Protein is a strong competitive acceptor of active products of
      radiolysis of water and free radicals of DNA. The radioresistance of DNA in such
      a system and the influence of mercaptoethylamine, sensitizers and oxygen on DNA
      injury are discussed. The results of the calculations are compared with the data
      on the composition of cell nuclei and the data on the comparative radioresistance
      of cells, cell cycle, protective effects, and sensitization. In most cases, the
      results of the calculations do not contradict the experimental data. It is
      assumed that the protein protection may be the major factor in considering the
      endogenous radioresistance.

PMID- 4034942
TI  - [Formation of chromosome aberrations at different stages of the mitotic cycle in
      a culture of human lymphocytes irradiated with neutrons of average energy 0.35
      and 0.85 MeV].
AB  - Incidence of chromosome aberrations at different mitotic cycle stages of a human
      lymphocyte culture has been studied after exposure to 60Co-gamma-quanta (2 Gy)
      and neutrons of 0.85 Mev (1 Gy) and 0.35 MeV (0.5 Gy). The yield of chromosome
      aberrations with both gamma- and neutron-radiation depends on a stage of the
      mitotic cycle. The S stage is the most radioresistant one with both types of
      ionizing radiation.

PMID- 4034943
TI  - [Dynamics of changes in histomorphometric indices of skin following local
      irradiation].
AB  - Recovery of the histomorphometric indices of rat skin at the period from 38 to
      150 days following local X-irradiation with doses of 2.5-20 Gy has been studied.
      It is shown that the rate of restitution of the epidermis and dermis thickness is
      0.0021 and 0.0037 days-1, respectively. However, the dermis thickness is less
      than in the control. The hair follicle density not only fails to restore after
      irradiation with a dose of above 10 Gy but continues decreasing in time.

PMID- 4034944
TI  - [Change in survival of cells in the first 2 generations after irradiation and
      exposure to inhibitors of repair synthesis].
AB  - In experiments on asynchronous population of HeLa S3 cells a study was made of
      the possibility of assessing DNA lesions which remained unrepaired for a long
      period of time following gamma-irradiation: in generation "O" directly affected
      by radiation and in generation "I" following the irradiated one. The presence of
      DNA damages was estimated by the reduction in survival of exposed cells incubated
      with inhibitors of repair and replicative syntheses of DNA, namely, with
      arabinoside cytosine and hydroxyurea. A considerable enhancement of the radiation
      effect was noted with the inhibitors added 0-6 h after irradiation (generation
      "O"), and a marked increase in the cell death was registered with the
      preparations injected 24-30 h after exposure (generation "I"). It is assumed that
      minor residual lesions persist in the generation of cells, following the one
      directly affected by gamma-radiation, which have completed the first
      postirradiation mitosis.

PMID- 4034945
TI  - [Sensitivity of DNA synthesis to gamma-irradiation in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma
      cells in stationary and logarithmic growth phases].
AB  - A study was made of the influence of gamma-radiation on DNA synthesis in cells of
      3-day and 7-day Ehrlich ascites tumor cultures. DNA synthesis in cells of the 3
      day culture was more sensitive to moderate radiation doses than those of the 7
      day culture as was observed during the first 30 min after irradiation. After 3
      hour postirradiation incubation, no appreciable difference was noted in
      radiosensitivity of DNA synthesis in the cells of the 3-day and 7-day cultures.

PMID- 4034946
TI  - [Radiosensitivity and postirradiation dynamics of granulocyte-macrophage
      precursors (CFU-DC) in the bone marrow of 2 lines of mice--CBA and BALB/c].
AB  - CFU-DC in the bone marrow of CBA and BALB/c mice, which are contrast in total
      radiosensitivity, have close characteristics: D0 is 1.35 and 1.32 Gy,
      respectively. The proliferation rate of CFU-DC after single exposure to a non
      lethal dose of 4 Gy is higher in CBA than in BALB/c mice. The time of doubling
      the CFU-DC population during the period of exponential growth after irradiation
      is 40 and 72 h for CBA and BALB/c mice, respectively.

PMID- 4034948
TI  - [Morphofunctional state of vascular wall components in the rat brain following
      gamma-irradiation of the head].
AB  - The histochemical methods were used to study alkaline phosphomonoesterase of
      capillaries, glycosaminoglycanes of vascular walls, and tissular basophils of rat
      brain after local gamma-irradiation of the head with doses of 51.6-645 mC/kg.
      During the first minutes and hours after irradiation, the actively functioning
      capillary network lengthened and secretion of indolylamines by tissular basophils
      increased. It is assumed that the changes observed are compensatory.

PMID- 4034947
TI  - [DNA content of rat organs damaged by strontium-90 during the development of
      delayed effects].
AB  - In this report the results are submitted concerning the frequency of disorders in
      the nucleic acid metabolism in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, thymus and
      spleen of rats during a year after single injection of 90Sr. Irrespective of the
      time lapsed after the injection of the radionuclide 10-30% of animals did not
      exhibit any substantial changes in the nucleic acid metabolism in all the organs
      under study except the thymus.

PMID- 4034949
TI  - [Comparative assessment of the danger of inhaling 239Pu and 241Am based on the
      degree of leukopenia in dogs].
AB  - From the analysis of the results of examination of 96 dogs it is concluded that
      the estimate of a relative danger of breathing transuranium radionuclides with
      different metabolism rates (polymeric 239Pu and monomeric 241Am), according to
      degree of leukopenia is more reliable when it is compared with a mean weighed
      dose per whole organism than the dose per individual "critical" organ.

PMID- 4034950
TI  - Generation of three dimensional images from CT scans: technological perspective.
AB  - Routine production of three dimensional (3-D) surface images from CT scans for
      clinical applications has been performed in 700 cases. These images have been
      found useful in craniofacial, orthopedic, and neurosurgical applications. Three
      dimensional images may be produced on the same CT scanner that collected the
      original slices. The emergence of 3-D imaging as a routine radiological procedure
      involves special technological requirements to avoid artifacts and to produce a
      useful result. Three dimensional surface reconstruction procedures are reviewed
      and examples of clinical application are presented.

PMID- 4034951
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging: the basic physical and clinical concepts. Part I.
AB  - Noninvasive evaluation of the human body has become an essential tool in the
      diagnosis of disease processes. Recent developments in nuclear magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI) have extended a powerful chemical analytic technique to the medical
      imaging field. This article presents the fundamental principles of MRI in terms
      of the concept of transmission and reception of energy. The physical principles
      of spin resonance are discussed in Part I. Spin relaxation and pulse sequences
      will be examined in Part II and III. A selected bibliography directs the reader
      to a more detailed discussion of the pertinent physics.

PMID- 4034953
TI  - The ECE trilogy.

PMID- 4034954
TI  - Brain tumors: detection and typing by use of CPMG sequences and in vivo T2
      measurements.
AB  - A spin-echo sequence with 24 echoes (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence) was
      evaluated to determine the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) in detecting and
      typing brain tumors. The TEs in these examinations were between 28 and 346 msec,
      and the TR was 860, 1260, or 1660 msec. The results of the MR examination of 32
      histopathologically proved tumors are presented. All but one tumor could be
      detected by MR. Tumors generally were obvious on MR due to the higher contrast
      enhancement of these lesions, especially with a TE longer than 100 msec. T2
      values calculated from an eight-point fit, however, did not allow discrimination
      of different tumors, nor did they allow differentiation between tumor,
      inflammatory tissue, and demyelination.

PMID- 4034952
TI  - Intraoperative radiotherapy: an overview.
AB  - At our institution, we plan to carry out intraoperative radiation therapy in a
      carefully selected group of patients with localized but unresectable cancers or
      resected cancers with a high probability of local recurrence. We believe that
      this innovative procedure will improve survival and quality of life in certain
      cancer patients.

PMID- 4034955
TI  - Cervical spinal fractures: CT detection.
AB  - Although computed tomography (CT) is commonly used in addition to plain
      radiographs to evaluate cervical spinal fractures, it may fail to detect some
      clinically significant fractures. Cervical spinal fractures were produced in
      cadavers, studied with CT, and documented by cryomicrotomy. The CT scans were
      interpreted independent of the anatomic sections. Pedicle and lateral mass
      fractures were regularly unrecognized on CT scans. In these cases, widening and
      hemarthrosis of the adjacent facet joints were evident. A widened facet joint is
      an indirect sign of an occult cervical spinal fracture.

PMID- 4034956
TI  - CT of thyroglossal duct cysts.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of surgically proved cases of thyroglossal duct cysts
      was performed in an attempt to determine the characteristics of these lesions
      using computed tomography (CT). We evaluated 12 preoperative cases and two cases
      with postoperative complications. Ten patients with lesions that could be
      confused either clinically or radiographically with these cysts were also
      evaluated to develop a systemized radiologic differential diagnostic approach for
      the evaluation of anterior triangle neck lesions. CT enables the differentiation
      of thyroglossal duct cysts from other anterior triangle lesions based on
      location, CT values, and alterations in the adjacent soft tissues.

PMID- 4034957
TI  - Esophageal speech: double-contrast evaluation of the pharyngo-esophageal segment.
AB  - Alaryngeal voice is usually accompanied by esophageal speech; however, about 40%
      of laryngectomy patients are unable to achieve adequate esophageal speech and
      must rely on mechanical devices for communication. A technique was developed for
      performing double-contrast studies of the hypopharynx, cervical esophagus, and
      pharyngo-esophageal segment using thick barium and the air normally injected for
      speech. Simultaneous audio and video recordings obtained during esophageal speech
      allowed correlation of the quality of speech with the motion of the pharyngo
      esophageal segment. In 35 patients with various degrees of fluency in esophageal
      speech, normal and abnormal function of the pharyngo-esophageal segment was
      documented. Inadequate esophageal speech can be related to abnormal motion of the
      pharyngo-esophageal segment.

PMID- 4034958
TI  - The temporomandibular joint: magnetic resonance imaging using surface coils.
AB  - A total of 115 temporomandibular joints (TMJ) in 67 patients were examined by
      high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) using a surface coil. Five millimeter
      sections were imaged using a two-dimensional multisection acquisition. Findings
      of MR examinations were correlated with findings of conventional radiographic and
      clinical examinations. Surgical confirmation was available in 15 patients. MR
      definition of soft-tissue structures including the meniscus is superior to that
      of conventional imaging methods. Bony detail is comparable. MR is an excellent
      method for the primary diagnostic evaluation of TMJ abnormalities.

PMID- 4034959
TI  - Wilson disease of the brain: MR imaging.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with biochemically proved Wilson disease underwent magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging of the brain. Positive findings, believed secondary to
      this condition, were found in 15 subjects. Findings varied among patients, but
      there were striking similarities between certain groups of patients. Areas of
      abnormal signal were seen in the lenticular, thalamic, caudate, and dentate
      nuclei, as well as in the brain stem; in these areas, the abnormalities were
      bilaterally symmetric. A smaller number of patients had asymmetric focal white
      matter lesions. Correlation of the MR findings with clinical symptoms was
      generally good. Repeat imaging was performed on five patients at intervals
      ranging from 4 to 8 months; none showed significant interval change.

PMID- 4034960
TI  - Sellar and juxtasellar lesion detection with MR.
AB  - We compared the effectiveness of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed
      tomography (CT) in evaluating sellar and juxtasellar lesions. Fifty-five lesions
      were imaged with a Technicare 0.5-T superconducting MR imager and GE 9800 and
      8800 CT scanners: 26 pituitary adenomas (including six microadenomas), six
      craniopharyngiomas, two empty sellae, five meningiomas, four optic chiasmal
      gliomas, five hypothalamic gliomas, two giant aneurysms, and one each of
      teratoma, gasserian ganglion neuroma, histiocytoma, cholesteatoma, and
      metastases. Although CT scans showed the abnormalities in most cases, MR was
      superior in delineating distortions of the optic chiasma and other suprasellar
      structures, and in demonstrating the status of the carotid arteries. MR can
      reveal fat, hematoma, and cyst and can be used to differentiate the pathologic
      features of many lesions. Microadenomas that do not enlarge the sella were not
      demonstrated with current MR techniques.

PMID- 4034961
TI  - Supraacetabular insufficiency fractures.
AB  - Insufficiency fractures in the supraacetabular region were identified in five
      women, aged 55-83 years. Factors contributing to the diminished resistance of
      their bones included postmenopausal osteoporosis, steroid therapy, radiation
      therapy, and rheumatoid arthritis. The supraacetabular fractures were seen on
      routine radiographs as hazy bands of sclerosis located immediately above and
      parallel to the acetabular roof. All five patients had additional fractures in
      the spine or pelvis. Supraacetabular insufficiency fractures may be an
      unsuspected cause of hip pain, especially in older women.

PMID- 4034962
TI  - The uterus: in vitro MR-anatomic correlation of normal and abnormal specimens.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 12 fresh uterine specimens obtained with a high
      resolution surface coil were correlated with findings on gross and microscopic
      pathologic examination. The uterine wall can be differentiated into three
      distinct zones: a central high-intensity zone, a junctional low-intensity band,
      and a peripheral medium-intensity area. Whereas the endometrium (basale and
      functionale) corresponded to the high-intensity zone, the myometrium correlated
      best with the combined width of the areas of low and medium signal intensity. The
      signal intensity of a leiomyoma varied, depending on its cellularity. Primary
      endometrial and cervical carcinomas were clearly shown on MR images, as were
      other abnormalities such as adenomyosis and Nabothian cysts. The potential
      usefulness of MR imaging in detecting and staging uterine neoplasms is discussed.

PMID- 4034963
TI  - Diffuse peripheral lung disease: evaluation by high-resolution computed
      tomography.
AB  - High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was performed on 15 patients who had
      diffuse peripheral lung disease, and the findings were compared with those of
      conventional chest radiography and histologic examination. Bullae, interstitial
      fibrosis with honeycombing, and small granulomas were more clearly and
      specifically demonstrated on HRCT scans than on conventional chest radiographs in
      all patients. Histologically proved mild alveolar wall thickening due to
      alveolitis in cases of sarcoidosis and systemic lupus erythematosus was not
      detected. HRCT is useful for performing detailed morphological analyses of
      abnormalities of the peripheral portions of the lung.

PMID- 4034964
TI  - T1N0M0 bronchogenic carcinoma: assessment by CT.
AB  - We reviewed medical records and conventional chest radiographs that showed a
      solitary T1N0M0 nodule in 23 patients who had non-oat-cell bronchogenic
      carcinoma. No patient had evidence of metastases, either on the chest radiograph
      or clinically. All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) examination of the
      thorax, including the adrenal glands. Only one patient (4%) had mediastinal lymph
      nodes greater than 1 cm in diameter accessible to mediastinotomy; anterior
      mediastinotomy confirmed metastatic spread in this patient, which precluded
      curative resection. Three patients each had a mildly enlarged (2 cm or less)
      adrenal gland; however, follow-up study suggested that metastasis was not the
      cause of adrenal enlargement in these patients. This study reinforces concern
      over whether CT is warranted in the preoperative assessment of T1N0M0
      bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 4034965
TI  - Pleural and chest wall invasion in bronchogenic carcinoma: CT evaluation.
AB  - CT scans of 47 patients who had peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma contiguous to
      the pleural surface and who had undergone thoracotomy were retrospectively
      reviewed. The CT features of the primary neoplasm that were analyzed included the
      angle and amount of contact with the adjacent pleural surface, associated pleural
      thickening, fat plane between the tumor and chest wall, rib destruction, and
      chest wall mass. CT was of limited predictive value in separating those patients
      who had parietal pleural/chest wall involvement from those who did not. The
      combination of two or three CT findings (obtuse angle, greater than 3 cm contact
      with pleural surface, associated pleural thickening) resulted in a sensitivity of
      87% and a specificity of 59%. The clinical symptom of focal chest pain, while not
      as sensitive (67%) as CT, was much more specific (94%) for parietal pleura/chest
      wall invasion.

PMID- 4034966
TI  - Thoracic wall involvement by Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: CT
      evaluation.
AB  - Thoracic computed tomographic (CT) scans of 250 patients with newly diagnosed or
      recurrent lymphoma revealed thoracic wall involvement in 24 patients (11 with
      Hodgkin disease, 13 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Thoracic wall involvement
      occurred without contiguous mediastinal or parenchymal involvement in 17
      patients. Of these, 13 patients had masses beneath the pectoralis muscles or
      within the breast, and four had masses arising from the ribs. Five additional
      patients had mediastinal masses with thymic involvement and parasternal extension
      through the thoracic wall. Pulmonary parenchymal lymphoma with thoracic wall
      invasion was noted in the remaining two patients. In five of nine patients
      receiving radiation therapy, treatment plans were modified by CT demonstration of
      thoracic wall lymphoma.

PMID- 4034968
TI  - CT measurement of the diameter of spinal and other bony canals: effects of
      section angle and thickness.
AB  - The effects of section angle and thickness on the measurement of spinal canal
      diameter by computed tomography (CT) were tested. A phantom of three spinal
      canals was constructed of three Lucite rods of different diameters, each covered
      with 1.8-mm-thick Teflon. A second phantom was constructed of two Lucite rods of
      the same diameter covered with 1.8- and 8.8-mm-thick Teflon, respectively. CT
      sections 10, 5, and 1.5 mm thick were obtained at various angles relative to the
      transverse plane of each canal. Anteroposterior diameters were measured at bone
      window settings using a standard software package and a method that uses a CT
      number profile. Results show that sections obtained at an angle to the transverse
      plane of the canal do not always overestimate its diameter, as previously
      suggested, but can make it appear artifactually stenotic. The effect is from
      volume averaging and is most marked when thick, severely angled sections are
      used.

PMID- 4034967
TI  - Abdominal tuberculosis: CT evaluation.
AB  - The computed tomography (CT) scans of 27 patients with abdominal tuberculosis
      were reviewed retrospectively to determine the range of abdominal involvement.
      Most patients had been at increased risk because of intravenous drug abuse,
      alcoholism, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cirrhosis, or steroid
      therapy. The etiologic agent was Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 23 patients and M.
      avium-intracellulare in four patients with AIDS. In five patients, tuberculosis
      was limited to the abdomen. CT findings included adenopathy, splenomegaly,
      hepatomegaly, ascites, bowel involvement, pleural effusion, intrasplenic masses,
      and intrahepatic masses. Characteristic features were a tendency for adenopathy
      to prominently involve peripancreatic and mesenteric compartments, low-density
      centers within enlarged nodes, complex nature of the ascites, and adenopathy
      adjacent to sites of gastrointestinal tract involvement. Recognition of these
      manifestations and maintenance of an index of suspicion, especially in patients
      at risk, should help optimize the correct diagnosis and management of
      intraabdominal tuberculosis.

PMID- 4034969
TI  - Nonpalpable breast lesion localization using a curved-end retractable wire.
AB  - A new needle-wire system has been developed for localization of nonpalpable
      breast lesions. The curved-end wire, which is made of a tough pseudoelastic
      alloy, eliminates many of the pitfalls of this procedure for both the radiologist
      and the surgeon. Advantages of this new system include the ability to anchor the
      needle during filming, the ability to easily reposition the needle if necessary,
      the option of injecting dye, the inability to transect the wire during surgery,
      and the option of leaving both the needle and wire in place in the subject to
      allow easier dissection during biopsy.

PMID- 4034970
TI  - Pulse selection chart for brain MR imaging sequences.
AB  - A chart for organizing, teaching, and recording the magnetic resonance (MR) pulse
      sequences used for brain and cervical spine imaging is described. The chart helps
      document workable sequences and facilitates comparisons between different
      sequences. It has also been helpful in instructing residents and fellows how to
      approach an MR examination logically.

PMID- 4034971
TI  - A doubly curved guide wire for use in the subclavian/vertebral artery system.

PMID- 4034972
TI  - Guide wire extension.
AB  - Any specialized guide wire can be converted to an exchange guide wire by the
      addition of an eyelet on its stiff end to which an extension guide wire may be
      hooked.

PMID- 4034973
TI  - Re: The quick aortic turn.

PMID- 4034974
TI  - Breast cancer: postoperative radiation therapy.
AB  - Postoperative radiation therapy reduces the proportion of regional recurrences
      following radical mastectomy for cancer of the breast. Only a small number of
      patients with tumor beyond surgical effectiveness and without distant metastases
      stand to benefit. Improvement of final results due to postoperative radiation
      therapy can only be shown in large series of cases.

PMID- 4034975
TI  - Diaphanography in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
AB  - In diaphanography, a light source is applied to the breast to visualize lesions
      through a television camera sensitive to infrared light. Diaphanography and
      mammography were performed on 1,476 patients in a screening population. Twenty
      six cancers in 24 patients were confirmed by biopsy; detection rates were 96% for
      mammography, 58% for diaphanography, and 62% for physical examination.
      Mammography was significantly more sensitive than either diaphanography or
      physical examination (p less than 0.005). Mammography detected 10 cancers that
      were missed at physical examination, whereas diaphanography detected five such
      lesions. It is concluded that diaphanography does not satisfy the criteria of a
      screening procedure, but because the examination is completely innocuous, it may
      serve as an adjunct to physical examination. In addition, the authors developed a
      breast model for diaphanography that appears to correlate with the human breast
      and demonstrates some of the physics and limitations of diaphanography.

PMID- 4034976
TI  - Fibrinolysis in chronic arteriosclerotic occlusions: intrathrombotic injections
      of streptokinase. Work in progress.
AB  - Forty-seven patients with chronic arteriosclerotic occlusions of iliac and
      femoropopliteal arteries were treated by intrathrombotic fibrinolysis. The
      occlusions were 10-65 cm (mean, 22 cm) long and 6 weeks to 2 years (mean, 4.5
      months) old. By means of consistent intrathrombotic injections of 2,500 units of
      streptokinase every 5 minutes, the thrombi were recanalized within 1-7 hours
      (mean, 2.5 hours). The primary recanalization rate was 75% (35/47), the patency
      rate after 2 weeks, 68%. In 29 patients (62%), a residual stenosis had to be
      dilated by balloon angioplasty. Because of the low total dose of streptokinase
      (mean, 70,000 units), the thrombin time was elevated up to twice the normal value
      in only one patient. Bleeding that required transfusions was observed in only two
      patients (4%). Advantages of intrathrombotic fibrinolysis include higher
      recanalization rate, lower total dose of streptokinase, fewer bleeding
      complications, and shorter therapy time than previously reported with other
      treatments.

PMID- 4034977
TI  - Complications of percutaneous nephrostolithotomy.
AB  - In 224 patients, renal stones were removed from the urinary tract using either
      direct extraction with a basket or forceps (59 patients), ultrasonic lithotripsy
      (164 patients), or infusion chemotherapy (one patient). Residual stone fragments
      were present more frequently in patients treated with ultrasonic lithotripsy
      (27%) than with direct extraction (5%). Other complications included hemorrhage
      (eight patients), catheter dislodgement (four patients), large amounts of urine
      extravasation (three patients), glycine ascites (three patients), infection (two
      patients), pneumothorax (one patient), and a prolonged ileus (one patient). More
      complications occurred among the first 50 patients than the last 50 patients,
      even though more difficult cases, including patients with staghorn calculi, were
      accepted during the latter period. Although a learning curve exists,
      complications can be minimized by attempting to treat more favorable cases during
      the initial experience.

PMID- 4034978
TI  - Esophageal rupture: complication of balloon dilatation.
AB  - Recent studies have emphasized the safety of fluoroscopically guided balloon
      dilatation for treatment of severe esophageal strictures. A case of esophageal
      rupture that followed dilatation of a distal esophageal stricture with a 20-mm
      balloon catheter is reported.

PMID- 4034979
TI  - Impassable urethral strictures: percutaneous transvesical catheterization and
      balloon dilatation.
AB  - Urethral strictures that are impassable in retrograde fashion present a special
      problem to the urologist because they cannot be managed by standard dilatation
      techniques or direct-vision internal urethrotomy. Open urethroplasty is usually
      required. We describe a technique to catheterize the urethra in an antegrade
      fashion and dilate the strictures. Our study involved six patients with
      impassable urethral strictures that were successfully traversed and dilated.
      Percutaneous transvesical antegrade catheterization and balloon dilatation are
      beneficial for patients with bladder outlet obstruction.

PMID- 4034980
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in children.
AB  - Clinical, radiological, and pathologic data for nine children with adult
      respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were reviewed. The children ranged in age
      from 7 months to 15 years (mean age, 7.4 yrs). Underlying diseases and
      precipitating events included sepsis, pneumonia, near drowning, aspiration
      pneumonia, central nervous system trauma, and malignancy. All patients had the
      rapid onset of diffuse bilateral lung opacification, required assisted
      ventilation for periods of 5-86 days (mean, 25.2 days), and received high levels
      of inspired oxygen for 2-41 days (mean, 12.7 days). Eight patients manifested air
      leak complications; these problems persisted until the patients died or were
      weaned from the respirator. Five of the nine patients died. Autopsy in three
      patients demonstrated alveolar duct fibrosis characteristic of the late
      proliferative phase of ARDS and consistent with oxygen toxicity. Two survivors
      demonstrated mild restrictive changes on follow-up pulmonary function tests and
      showed persistent linear densities on chest radiographs.

PMID- 4034981
TI  - Chest radiographic findings in neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
AB  - Eight full-term neonates with pulmonary failure were managed with extracorporeal
      membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Chest radiographs obtained before and during ECMO
      support were reviewed. During periods of increased flow requirements, the chest
      radiographs were difficult to evaluate because of increasing pulmonary opacity.
      During periods of the infants' clinical improvement, their chest radiographs
      tended to improve as well. A direct cause-and-effect relationship between the
      pulmonary density and the ECMO flow requirements has not yet been established.
      The chest radiographs were reliable in confirming correct catheter positions.
      Routine daily examinations did not demonstrate unsuspected abnormality. Chest
      radiography during periods of clinical instability, however, added confirmatory
      evidence to some clinical diagnoses and assisted us in making the diagnosis of an
      unexpected pneumothorax.

PMID- 4034982
TI  - Lung abscesses in children: diagnostic and therapeutic needle aspiration.
AB  - Three children aged 17 months to 17 years developed right-sided peripheral lung
      abscesses. Clinical signs were fever and cough. Laboratory cultures were
      negative, and the patients did not respond to appropriate antibiotic coverage.
      Under fluoroscopic guidance, purulent material was removed from the abscesses by
      needle aspiration. The patients became afebrile within 24 hours; none suffered
      complications of bleeding or pneumothorax. Cultures of the aspirate were positive
      for microorganisms sensitive to the prescribed treatments. A simple aspiration
      technique is described and proposed as useful for selected patients when surgical
      drainage is recommended. There was no morbidity in our cases, and recovery from a
      typically prolonged course was shortened by the procedure.

PMID- 4034983
TI  - Intracranial hematomas: imaging by high-field MR.
AB  - Twenty intracranial hematomas between 1 day and over 1 year old were imaged using
      magnetic resonance at 1.5 T, with T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences.
      Characteristic intensity patterns were observed in the evolution of the
      hematomas, which could be staged as acute (less than 1 week old), subacute
      (greater than 1 week and less than 1 month old), or chronic (greater than 1 month
      old). Acute hematomas were characterized by central hypointensity on T2-weighted
      images (WIs). Subacute hematomas had peripheral hyperintensity on T1-WIs and then
      on T2-WIs. This hyperintensity proceeded to fill in the hematoma in the chronic
      stage. In subacute and chronic hematomas, there was hypointensity on T2-WIs in
      the immediately adjacent part of the brain. On T2-WIs of acute and subacute
      hematomas, the nearby white matter was characterized by hyperintensity,
      consistent with edema. A different mechanism is proposed for each of the three
      characteristic intensity patterns. Two of these mechanisms increase in proportion
      to the square of the magnetic field magnitude.

PMID- 4034984
TI  - MR technology: effect of even-echo rephasing on calculated T2 values and T2
      images.
AB  - In multiple spin-echo image sequences of blood flow, the "even-echo" phenomenon
      produces an absolute increase in signal magnitude from first- to second-echo
      images of normal vessels harboring slow flow. Distinguishing this from the
      apparent relatively high signal intensity seen on second-echo images in
      pathologic foci of stationary tissue is important to the diagnostician. Selected
      case material containing two tissue types was reviewed retrospectively: tissues
      known to harbor slow flow, such as normal veins and venous sinuses and vascular
      malformations, and tissues that have long transverse (T2) relaxation times and
      appear as intense structures on second-echo images, such as neoplasms, infarcts,
      and regions of demyelination. Calculations of T2 parameters were made by computer
      for defined regions of interest. T2 images were also generated. Visual inspection
      of the acquired images did not reliably distinguish increased intensity due to
      even-echo rephasing from the relative changes between adjacent tissues seen on
      second-echo images. More definitive differentiation of the even-echo phenomenon
      was provided by calculated values of T2 and computer-synthesized T2 images
      representing acquired intensity data of two-echo sequences. The synthesized
      images were especially useful when stationary tissue with lengthened T2 values
      was adjacent to or in proximity to vessels or vascular lesions. A five spin-echo
      image sequence was valuable for separating slow flow from stationary tissue by a
      technique of synthesizing T2-difference images using three consecutive echoes.

PMID- 4034985
TI  - Neurochemical and cognitive aspects of depression.

PMID- 4034986
TI  - Effects of trichothecenes (T-2 toxin) on protein synthesis in vitro by brain
      polysomes and messenger RNA.
AB  - The effects of T-2 toxin on protein synthesis were tested in two reticulocyte
      lysate in vitro systems pretreated with micrococcal nuclease. One of the test
      systems contained purified globin mRNA and was initiation dependent. The other
      contained rat brain polysomes and incorporated amino acids by an elongation
      dependent process. T-2 toxin inhibited the translation of globin mRNA at all
      concentrations tested, from 10(-8) M to 10(-4) M. Rat brain polysomes were much
      less sensitive to T-2 toxin than globin mRNA. While high concentrations of the
      toxin (10(-4) M) led to partial inhibition of protein synthesis by polysomes, low
      concentrations (10(-8) M and 10(-6) M) stimulated protein synthesis. Comparison
      of the above results with those obtained by other workers suggest that the T-2
      toxin may inhibit not only the initiation step of translation, but also
      elongation and termination, depending upon the concentration of the toxin and the
      nature of the translation system. A similar mechanism may operate for all the
      trichothecene toxins that exert their effect through binding to ribosomal
      peptidyl transferase.

PMID- 4034987
TI  - Endogenous breath acetaldehyde levels among alcoholic and non-alcoholic probands:
      effect of alcohol use and smoking.
AB  - The effects of possible confounding factors on endogenous breath acetaldehyde
      levels were examined in alcoholic and non-alcoholic subjects. Demographic
      characteristics, family history for alcoholism, smoking and drinking history, and
      breath acetaldehyde levels were assessed. Differences in endogenous breath
      acetaldehyde levels could not be attributed to age, sex, or having a family
      history positive for alcoholism. Individuals who smoke or abuse alcohol had
      higher endogenous breath acetaldehyde levels than persons who did not.

PMID- 4034988
TI  - Elevated endogenous breath acetaldehyde levels among abusers of alcohol and
      cigarettes.
AB  - Endogenous (fasting) breath acetaldehyde levels were assessed as a discriminator
      between alcoholic and non-alcoholic subjects. The influence of smoking as a
      potential confounding variable on breath acetaldehyde was determined. Individuals
      with a history of smoking and/or drinking had higher endogenous breath
      acetaldehyde levels as compared to controls. Mean acetaldehyde levels revealed an
      additive (noninteractive) pattern associated with combined abuse of these
      substances. The similarity in acetaldehyde levels between alcoholic non-smokers
      and non-alcoholic smokers limits the usefulness of endogenous breath acetaldehyde
      for the purpose of early diagnosis of alcoholism. Results support hypotheses that
      elevations in acetaldehyde could be a common factor in disease associated with
      alcohol and cigarette abuse.

PMID- 4034989
TI  - Positive interaction between leukotriene C4 and histamine and other mediators on
      vascular tissues.
AB  - The interaction of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) with the contractile activity of
      histamine (H), serotonin (5HT) and norepinephrine (NE) has been investigated in
      isolated vascular preparations. Threshold concentration of LTC4 (5 X 10(-9) M)
      significantly potentiated the vasoconstricting effect of these compounds on
      guinea-pig pulmonary artery (GPPA). This phenomenon was long-lasting for H since
      it was still present 40 min after LTC4 had been washed. FPL-55712 (10(-5) M)
      counteracted the increased H response on GPPA induced by LTC4. Potentiation of H
      activity due to LTC4 was also observed on guinea-pig thoracic aorta (GPTA)
      indicating that LTC4-induced hyperreactivity is not a phenomenon restricted to
      the pulmonary vascular bed. In the experiments carried out in presence of
      indomethacin (3 X 10(-6) M), LTC4 still potentiated H-induced vasoconstriction on
      GPPA, however the time course of the phenomenon was significantly shorter than
      that observed in absence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor. The contractile
      activity of H and NE on guinea-pig portal vein (GPPV) was not potentiated by
      LTC4. These results demonstrate that LTC4 induces hyperreactivity of the arterial
      vascular tissue to vasoactive compounds and suggest that cysteinyl-leukotrienes
      may have pathological significance in the hemodynamic changes occurring during
      anaphylactic reactions. Preliminary experiments carried out on human intralobar
      pulmonary artery strongly support this hypothesis.

PMID- 4034990
TI  - Identification of the hatching factor of the barnacle Balanus balanoides as the
      novel eicosanoid 10,11,12-trihydroxy-5,8,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid.
AB  - Barnacle egg hatching factor which is released into the mantle cavity where the
      egg masses are brooded and stimulates embryonic musculature resulting in hatching
      and liberation of the larvae into the sea has been isolated in a purified form
      from a common barnacle Balanus balanoides. Derivatised hatching factor has been
      analysed by GC-MS and identified as 10,11,12-trihydroxy-5,8,14,12
      eicosatetraenoic acid, a novel eicosanoid probably formed from endogenous
      eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5w3). Hatching factor activity is the first specific
      physiological function to be established for this type of compound.

PMID- 4034991
TI  - Study of diet and drug interactions on prostanoid metabolism.
AB  - To study the extent to which combinations of different dietary lipids stimulate
      or inhibit prostanoid synthesis groups of 12 rats were fed diets containing 10%
      (w/w) of either safflower oil, hydrogenated coconut oil/safflower oil, cod liver
      oil/safflower oil or cod liver oil/linseed oil for a period of four weeks. All
      diets, with the exception of the safflower oil feed, contained similar levels of
      linoleic acid. Two further groups of rats placed on the cod liver oil diets were
      injected with indomethacin (4 mg/kg, i.p.) every three days to establish the
      completeness of dietary prostaglandin (PG) inhibition. In spite of a 20 fold
      difference in dietary linoleic acid content, the safflower oil group had similar
      PG generating capacities to the saturated fat control group, suggesting tight
      metabolic control of PGs and their precursors. Although there were prostanoid
      variations in tissue responses, both of the cod liver oil diets substantially
      reduced generation of aortic, whole blood and renal prostanoids, and decreased
      urinary PG excretion. The degree of inhibition of renal PGs was substantially
      greater in the cod liver oil/linseed oil group, with prostaglandin levels being
      35% lower than those observed in the cod liver oil/safflower oil fed animals
      suggesting that linolenic acid and the marine oil fatty acids act synergistically
      to inhibit formation of 2-series prostaglandins. Concurrent administration of
      omega-3 fatty acids and indomethacin reduced PG levels further than those
      obtainable by diet alone, demonstrating that the diets did not result in maximal
      inhibition. Awareness of these various effects is important for both
      physiological or clinical studies in which dietary manipulations are used as a
      means of modifying prostanoid synthesis.

PMID- 4034992
TI  - Antigen-induced leukotriene release from rat lung in vitro.
AB  - Chopped lung from inbred hyperreactive rats was challenged with antigen following
      active or passive sensitization and supernatants were assayed for the presence of
      leukotrienes (LTs) by radioimmunoassay. Dose-related increases in the release of
      LTC4- and LTB4-immunoreactive material were obtained with significantly more
      material being released following passive sensitization. Chromatographic analysis
      indicated the presence of LTB4, LTC4 and LTE4. When LT release in inbred rats was
      compared to Sprague-Dawley or Fischer rats, the amounts released were as follows:
      Inbred greater than Sprague-Dawley greater than Fischer. It was concluded that
      the release of LTs in the three strains correlated with the degree of non
      specific bronchial hyperreactivity.

PMID- 4034993
TI  - Prostaglandin F and E levels in the conceptus, uterus and plasma during early
      pregnancy in the ewe.
AB  - Concentrations of prostaglandins E and F (PGE and PGF) were measured in the
      embryo or fetus, extra embryonic or fetal membranes (membranes), intercaruncular
      and caruncular endometrium and plasma collected from uterine and ovarian arterial
      and venous vessels from separate groups of ewes laparotomized at 5 day intervals
      from day 10 to day 55 of pregnancy. Our purpose was to investigate the role of
      prostaglandins E and F in the maternal recognition of pregnancy, implantation and
      early placental function. Our data suggest that the initial maintenance of the
      corpus luteum in the pregnant ewe does not involve a reduction in PGF production,
      compared to pregnant ewes; but a change in the pattern of PGF secretion. This is
      accompanied by an elevation in PGE production of similar magnitude to that
      observed in non pregnant ewes. The extra embryonic/fetal membranes appear to be
      the major source of elevated PGF levels in the maternal circulation prior to day
      30 of pregnancy. Between days 35 and 55 of gestation the rising PGF levels in
      maternal serum probably come from the fetus. Over the same period PGE levels rise
      in the fetus and intercaruncular endometrium, but PGE secretion into the maternal
      circulation is not enhanced. A role for PGF and PGE in fetal, placental and
      uterine growth is suggested; placental and uterine endocrine function may also be
      targets.

PMID- 4034994
TI  - [Construction of the self].

PMID- 4034996
TI  - [Current problems of psychoanalytic psychosomatics].

PMID- 4034995
TI  - [Integration of self psychology and psychoanalysis on developmental psychologic
      principles. Demonstrated by the case of Louisa A. by P. Tolpin].

PMID- 4034997
TI  - [Homosexuality and psychoanalysis].

PMID- 4034998
TI  - Concomitant boost radiotherapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head
      and neck.
AB  - The concomitant boost technique is a variant of accelerated fractionation whereby
      the boost is delivered as a second daily fraction during the basic treatment
      course to reduce the total duration of treatment. From April 1972 through June
      1983, 53 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of various sites in the
      head and neck region were treated for cure at U.T. M. D. Anderson Hospital with
      this technique. In 12 patients, the concomitant boost was used because of rapid
      recurrence following surgical resection either before or after initiation of
      planned postoperative radiotherapy; the remaining patients had rapidly growing
      untreated or recurrent disease in the primary site, neck, or both. In most cases,
      the concomitant boost was delivered in fractions of 120-150 cGy, separated by 3-6
      h from the basic daily treatment of 180-200 cGy. The boost treatments were given
      2-3 times a week for 3-5 weeks, delivering an average of about 17 Gy in 12
      fractions. Two different treatment techniques were used. Patients with
      predominantly neck disease (30) were treated with glancing AP and PA fields or
      with appositional electron beam portals to spare the mucous membranes, while
      those with advanced or rapidly progressive primary lesions, with or without nodal
      disease (23), received their concomitant boost through lateral photon or high
      energy electron beams to include the primary tumor site. As expected, the acute
      mucosal reactions were most severe in the latter group, but only three patients
      required interruption of treatment because of severe mucositis.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4034999
TI  - Advanced carcinoma of the nasopharynx. 2. Pattern of failure in 256 patients.
AB  - Of 256 patients with advanced carcinoma of the nasopharynx, 82% presented with
      Stage IV disease. The 5-year survival was 15% with 83% failing within 2 years.
      Prognosis was related to stage (p less than 0.03), neck status (p less than
      0.03), initial performance status (p less than 0.001) and radiation dose (p less
      than 0.003). With no pathological neck glands (N0), less than 5% failed
      radiotherapy. Overall, 36% had distant metastases, correlating with the N Stage
      (p less than 0.001) but not with the T Stage. The most frequent site of
      metastasis was lung, then bone and liver. Radical neck dissection failed to
      increase tumor control, contributing to three fatal complications. New
      radiotherapeutic regimens have so far failed to substantially improve the
      results.

PMID- 4035000
TI  - Results of radiotherapy in carcinoma of cervix stages I and II: the impact of
      involvement of endocervix.
AB  - The results of radiotherapy in carcinoma of the cervix stages I and II at the
      University of Missouri-Columbia (UMC) in the period between 1975 and 1980 were
      analyzed. The failure rate was 13/58 (22.4%). While the failure was 8% (3/36) in
      ectocervical cancer it was 45% (10/22) in endocervical cancer. The difference was
      statistically significant to a p value of 0.001. Ten of 13 failure cases (77%)
      had involvement of the endocervix. In endocervical carcinoma 7 of 10 (70%) of the
      failure cases had recurrence in para-aortic or supraclavicular nodes. The impact
      of age, differentiation and hemoglobin level was examined.

PMID- 4035001
TI  - Survival curves after X-ray and heat treatments for melanoma cells derived
      directly from surgical specimens of tumours in man.
AB  - X-ray and heat survival curves were established for melanoma cells derived
      directly from surgical specimens of tumours in man by using the Courtenay soft
      agar colony assay. The plating efficiency for 11 of the 14 melanomas studied was
      sufficiently high (PE = 0.3-58%) to measure cell survival over at least two
      decades. Experiments repeated with cells stored in liquid nitrogen showed that
      the survival assay gave highly reproducible results. The melanomas exhibited
      individual and characteristic survival curves whether exposed to radiation or
      heat (43.5 degrees C). The Do-values were in the ranges 0.63-1.66 Gy (X-rays) and
      33-58 min (heat). The survival curves were similar to those reported previously
      for human melanoma xenografts. The radiation sensitivity of the cells was not
      correlated to the heat sensitivity. Since the melanomas appeared to be very
      heterogeneous in radiation response in vitro as melanomas are known to be
      clinically, it is suggested that melanomas may be suitable for prospective
      studies aimed at establishing whether clinical radioresponsiveness somehow is
      related to in vitro survival curve parameters.

PMID- 4035002
TI  - Testicular seminoma: analysis of treatment and failure for stage II disease.
AB  - Seventy-three patients with seminoma testis stage II have been retrospectively
      analyzed with regard to prognostic factors and value of prophylactic mediastinal
      irradiation and chemotherapy. Although survival differences were seen between
      stage IIa, IIb and IIc, these were not statistically significant. Neither was
      there a significant difference between IIc patients with tumors greater than 10
      cm and less than 10 cm in diameter. The incidence of HCG-producing seminomas in
      the present series was 16%. No significant difference in survival nor relapse
      rate was found between HCG-producing and HCG-non-producing seminomas.
      Prophylactic mediastinal irradiation did not influence the survival nor the
      relapse rate and may therefore be omitted. In the present series there was no
      significant improvement neither in relapse rate nor survival in patients
      receiving pre-irradiation chemotherapy. However, the total number of patients is
      small and optimal pre-irradiation chemotherapy still have to be defined.

PMID- 4035003
TI  - Some aspects on validity of breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and lung cancer
      registration in Swedish official statistics.
AB  - From the Regional Cancer Register of Stockholm County and the Swedish Cause-of
      Death Register, a total of 1445 individuals were selected. The patients had died
      in 1978 and were recorded with cancer of breast, pancreas or lung in either (or
      both) register. Inter-register discordance in regard to diagnostic information
      was found in 411 cases. Clinical records were retrospectively studied in order to
      establish the correct diagnosis. In breast cancer, most of the discordance was
      explained by the numerous deaths from intercurrent causes, though some
      underestimation of breast cancer as cause of death was noted (5%). Several
      incorrect entries of pancreas and lung cancer were found in the Cause-of-Death
      Register, due to inclusion of metastatic disease as primary tumour or non
      alteration of the death certificate when a subsequent autopsy showed another
      diagnosis. In the Cancer Register, few diagnoses of pancreas and lung cancer were
      found to be incorrect. On the other hand, the register showed a slight
      undernotification of these tumour types. Routine alteration of death certificates
      when autopsy gives results differing from the clinical diagnosis and information
      to doctors concerning the aims, routines and coding procedures at the Cancer and
      Cause-of-Death Registries, presumably would enhance the accuracy of the
      registers' statistics.

PMID- 4035005
TI  - The influence of overall treatment time on renal injury after multifraction
      irradiation.
AB  - The influence of overall treatment time on the radiation response of the mouse
      kidney was studied in an experiment in which 16 fractions were administered
      either evenly distributed over 20, 40 or 80 days, or as a split course (8 F/3
      days; 74 days rest; 8 F/3 days). Urine output and an isotope assay of glomerular
      filtration were used to test the mice sequentially. The data were used both to
      obtain dose-response curves and also to determine the latent period before a
      chosen level of injury was expressed functionally. Prolonging the overall time
      from 20 to 80 days increased the isoeffect dose by 2-5 Gy (4-9%) for the isotope
      assay, and by 4-9 Gy (7-18%) for the urine output assay. This additional recovery
      as the interval between fractions was prolonged from 1 to 5 days is consistent
      with slow repair and can be expressed as a small "T" exponent of 0.02-0.12. (One
      analysis gave a result consistent with negative repair, but the errors on this
      result were unusually wide.) When the radiation was given as a split course, at
      the rate of 2 fractions per day, with a large gap of 10.5 weeks between courses,
      there was no additional sparing compared with 16 fractions over 20 days. This
      indicates that any sparing that might have resulted from slow repair or
      stimulated repopulation in the gap has been counterbalanced by having less time
      for repair of sublethal injury when intervals of 6-12 h are used instead of 24-48
      h. Clearly no great increase in the tolerance dose for mouse kidney resulted from
      the split course.

PMID- 4035004
TI  - Patterns of cell loss and repopulation in irradiated cultures of plateau phase
      C3H 10T 1/2 cells.
AB  - Patterns of cell loss and repopulation were studied in plateau phase cultures of
      slowly-cycling, contact-inhibited C3H 10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts following large
      single, and multiple small doses of 137Cs-gamma rays. A progressive, dose
      independent cell loss was apparent within days after irradiation with large
      single doses, and similar patterns of loss were observed following the start of
      multifraction irradiations. This progressive cell loss culminated in the loss of
      integrity of the monolayer of cells, a loss of contact-inhibition, and therefore,
      an increased rate of cell division. The time of onset of measurable repopulation,
      and the time required to completely repopulate a culture varied with the number
      of clonogenic cells present at the time of breakdown of the monolayer. For
      cultures receiving multiple irradiations over time periods greater than those
      required for breakdown of the monolayer, repopulation began to occur during
      treatment, and its rate varied with the average dose per fraction being
      delivered. Thus, repopulation did not start immediately after the start of
      irradiation, but needed a triggering event, in this case, a decrease to a
      critical level in the cell density. Once initiated, repopulation was able to
      decrease or even eliminate the effectiveness of subsequent doses in reducing the
      number of viable cells per culture. To the extent that the responses of slowly
      cycling, contact-inhibited cells in vitro can be applied to interpret the
      radiation responses of cell populations in vivo, these results further support
      the notion that it may be necessary, in some cases, to account for an increasing
      contribution from repopulation with increasing overall treatment time in dose
      fractionation isoeffect formulae used for predicting tissue tolerances or tumor
      control.

PMID- 4035006
TI  - Identification by specific radioimmunoassay of two novel peptides derived from
      the C-terminus of porcine preprogastrin.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay has been developed using antibodies to a synthetic analogue of
      the C-terminal hexapeptide sequence of the porcine gastrin precursor. Boiling
      water extracts of porcine antral mucosa contained immunoreactive material that
      diluted in parallel with standard peptide. Concentrations of immunoreactivity
      were 5.5 +/- 0.8 nmol X g-1 (mean +/- S.E.M.) in antral mucosa and were closely
      similar to those of C-terminal heptadecapeptide gastrin immunoreactivity (5.0 +/-
      0.6 nmol X g-1). Approximately 30-fold lower concentrations were found in porcine
      duodenum. A similar distribution was found in ferret, but human, rat and chicken
      antrum did not contain significant quantities of immunoreactivity. Gel filtration
      of porcine antral extracts on Sephadex G-50 revealed a single peak of
      immunoreactivity eluting in a similar position to G17, but on anion-exchange
      chromatography two peaks of immunoreactive material were separated. These also
      differed in their retention time on reverse phase HPLC. Both peptides are
      probably derived by tryptic cleavage at the C-terminus of porcine preprogastrin.
      No evidence was found to suggest that there are significant quantities of
      unprocessed preprogastrin in hog antral mucosa. The precise chemical difference
      between the two immunoreactive peptides identified here remains to be
      established; together, however, they provide specific markers for progastrin
      synthesis.

PMID- 4035007
TI  - Rat immunoreactive cholecystokinin (CCK): characterization using two
      chromatographic techniques.
AB  - Acid and neutral extracts of rat cerebral cortex and upper small intestine were
      prepared and the endogenous concentrations of cholecystokinin-like
      immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) measured by three new CCK-specific radioimmunoassays.
      The characterization of the immunoreactive CCK molecular forms was undertaken
      using gel permeation chromatography in the presence of 6 M urea to minimise
      problems relating to peptide adsorption or aggregation. Reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was also performed on the rat tissue
      extracts. Rat cortex contained 268 +/- 12 pmol/g CCK-LI, and over 90% resembled
      the sulphated CCK-8, which was preferentially extracted at neutral pH. In
      contrast, the rat upper small intestine (97 +/- 8 pmol/g of CCK-LI) contained
      less than 20% CCK-8, the majority of immunoreactive CCK being of larger molecular
      size and being preferentially extracted at acid pH. In the small intestine the
      predominant molecular form(s) was intermediate in size between CCK-33 and CCK-8.
      Large amounts of CCK-33 and of a molecular form larger than CCK-33 were also
      detected. It is concluded that post-translational cleavage of CCK differs in rat
      brain and gut.

PMID- 4035008
TI  - Vasopressin pressor antagonist injected centrally reverses behavioral effects of
      peripheral injection of vasopressin, but only at doses that reverse increase in
      blood pressure.
AB  - Previous work in rats (Ader, R. and De Wied, D., Psychon. Sci., 29 (1972) 46-48)
      has established that subcutaneously (s.c.) injected arginine vasopressin (AVP)
      prolongs extinction of active avoidance and that this effect could be prevented
      by pretreatment with the vasopressin antagonist analog [1-deaminopenicillamine, 2
      (O-methyl)tyrosine]-beta-arginine vasopressin (dPtyr(Me)AVP). The purpose of the
      present study was to determine if peripherally administered AVP acts via a
      peripheral blood pressure effect or by a direct action in the central nervous
      system. We therefore tested the effects of the antagonist injected
      intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) on the prolongation of active avoidance and on
      blood pressure effects of s.c. injected AVP. The antagonist (i.c.v.) blocked the
      behavioral effects of systemically injected AVP only at dose sufficient to block
      the peripherally mediated pressor response of systemically administered AVP. The
      results show that peripherally injected AVP acts on peripheral systems and
      support our hypothesis that the peripheral visceral action of AVP contributed
      significantly to its behavioral action.

PMID- 4035009
TI  - [Radioactive and stable cobalt concentrations in mussel in Kyushu islands,
      Japan].
AB  - Two kinds of mussel, Septifer virgatus and Mytilus edulis, were collected from
      Kyushu island, Japan, in order to elucidate a background level of 60Co, which is
      one of the most significant radionuclide for environmental monitoring around a
      nuclear power plant. The mussels were collected from 7 locations in 1983 and
      classified 2 or 3 groups depending on their shell size at each location.
      Activities of 60Co were measured by a low-background beta counter after purified
      by means of chemical separation and electrodeposition. Stable cobalt
      concentrations were determined by colorimetric method. The concentrations of
      cobalt in Septifer virgatus are one order higher level than that in Mytilus
      edulis. There are not so large difference in cobalt content depending on shell
      size so long as comparing them at the same location. The radioactivities in
      mussels show the same trend as stable cobalt. It has become apparent that
      Septifer virgatus has a tendency to concentrate cobalt with growing but Mytilus
      edulis is opposite. The cobalt-60 introduced to sea from nuclear explosions seems
      to be relatively constant in coastal seawater since specific activities are
      distributed in a narrow range in spite of kind, shell size and location.

PMID- 4035010
TI  - [Measurement of neutrons from an electron accelerator by rem-counter].
AB  - In the measurement of neutrons from the medical electron accelerator by a rem
      counter, two problems disturb accurate measurements. One is the pile-up of
      signals produced by X-rays during each X-ray burst and the other is the increased
      counting loss caused by bunched nature of yielded neutrons. The time spectrum of
      neutrons measured by the rem counter 2202 D (manufactured by Studsvik) rises up
      to a maximum value by about 20 microseconds and then falls down exponentially
      with a time constant of about 90 microseconds. On the other hand, that of X-rays
      is roughly rectangular with several microseconds width. A time discriminating
      system was prepared to be combined with the rem counter, which was triggered by
      leading edge of electron beam pulses, rejected pile-up signals due to X-ray
      bursts, and counted pulses of neutrons in a specified time window. The system
      discriminated the pile-up enough to measure neutrons at a X-ray dose rate of at
      least 30 mGy/h. Nonparalyzable counting loss correction was practicable upto
      about 10 mSv/h for the beam pulse rate of 85 Hz, in which the dead time of the
      rem counter was estimated as 4 microseconds.

PMID- 4035011
TI  - [Score judgment method of B type hepatitis associated antigen and antibody by
      radioimmunoassay kit--HBe antigen and anti-HBe antibody].

PMID- 4035012
TI  - [Basic evaluation of a magnetic digoxin radioimmunoassay kit].

PMID- 4035013
TI  - [White and black in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Impulse sequences and their
      significance in the NMR image].
AB  - In order to understand how pulse sequences affect what is black and what is white
      in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) images, the tissue parameters (proton
      density; relaxation times T1 and T2) are related to the operator selectable
      controls (type of pulse sequence; repetition time TR; interpulse delay TI; echo
      delay TE). The pulse sequences "Saturation Recovery"; "Inversion Recovery"; "Spin
      Echo" are discussed. The authors also analyze the effect of flowing blood on NMR
      images.

PMID- 4035014
TI  - [The role of adrenal computerized tomography in endocrinopathies. Cushing's
      syndrome].
AB  - A comparison was made between the adrenal or hypophyseal histology and the CT
      finding of adrenal glands in 18 Cushing patients in an assessment of CT as a
      preliminary screening measure prior to hormone studies for the detection of
      subjects with adrenal tumours, and hence candidates for adrenalectomy. The CT
      finding were: 8 tumours (7 adenomas and 1 carcinoma), 5 hyperplasia, 5 NAD. All
      the adrenal tumours (diameter 18-69 mm) were correctly identified. The only
      distinctive feature of the carcinoma was its size. A CT diagnosis of adrenal
      tumour can be regarded as conclusive. Pictures indicative of hyperplasia or
      absence of alterations, however, must be supplemented by hormone tests and (if
      necessary) CT of the hypophysis.

PMID- 4035015
TI  - [The role of adrenal computerized tomography in endocrinopathies. Primary
      hyperaldosteronism].
AB  - A review was made of the CT findings in a series of 15 patients with a clinical
      diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. An adrenal tumour (diameter 11-68 mm)
      was observed in 13 cases. No adrenal involvement was noted in the other two. The
      initial diagnosis was confirmed either histologically or by means of a thorough
      clinical and instrumental follow-up in all 15 cases. High-resolution CT may thus
      be proposed as an initial examination in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism.
      Its efficiency is such that venous sampling can be restricted to doubtful or
      negative cases.

PMID- 4035016
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Critical
      evaluation of 91 cases].
AB  - In reviewing 91 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma, traditional radiology (TR) and
      CT patterns were compared versus surgical/pathologic findings. CT always gave
      clearer assessment of the mediastinum and thoracic wall invasion. In the
      evaluation of metastatic spread to hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes the false
      negative rate was higher with TR than with CT; on the other hand, there was a
      higher false positive rate with CT. The advantage of CT in the staging of
      bronchogenic carcinoma is verified and a rationalized flow-chart which includes
      TR, endoscopy, CT and mediastinoscopy is suggested.

PMID- 4035017
TI  - [Crystalline calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate deposit disease].
AB  - Radiographic features of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal
      deposition disease are outlined in an investigation of 32 patients, with definite
      or probable disease (according to the diagnostic criteria previously utilized by
      McCarty). The crystal deposits within fibro- and hyaline cartilage
      (chondrocalcinosis) may produce an acute synovitis (pseudogout syndrome), and in
      some patients a radiographically distinctive degenerative arthropathy
      (pyrophosphate arthropathy). These abnormalities are most frequent in the knee,
      wrist and symphysis pubis, but often other joints may be affected. Although the
      alterations superficially resemble osteoarthritis, they are more severe and
      progressive (Charcot-like joint).

PMID- 4035019
TI  - [A method for rapid and precise positioning of screens in the treatment using
      irregularly shaped fields].

PMID- 4035018
TI  - [Experimental dosimetric comparison between single tomography and multiple
      simultaneous tomography with Synchroplan in clinical practice].
AB  - Reference is made to a dosimetric comparison between single tomography and
      simultaneous multiple tomography with Synchroplan in 10 patients subjected to
      nefroangiotomography. Data from several thermoluminescence dosimeters placed on
      different parts of the body were used in a careful statistical analysis that
      showed the absence of significant differences in absorbed dose in function of
      constitutional habitus. It was also found that the dose absorbed for 6 tomograms
      of the renal cavities in single tomography was about 4 times higher than with the
      Synchroplan (using a previously experimented set of high-sensitivity intensifying
      screens), which provides 6 tomograms in the same dynamic phase at different
      levels for the same exposure.

PMID- 4035020
TI  - [Castelman's tumor of the mesentery].

PMID- 4035021
TI  - [Catheter brachial plexus anesthesia for intra- and postoperative pain control.
      Plasma concentrations and analgesia interval in the use of bupivacaine].
AB  - In 15 orthopedic patients, undergoing plastic surgery of the upper extremity
      (elbow, forearm, hand) we studied plasma levels and pain free intervals, when
      performing catheter axillary plexus block with 0.5% and 0.25% bupivacaine as
      postoperative analgetic agent respectively. 30 minutes after injection of 40 ml
      of 0.5% bupivacaine maximum plasma levels were reached (means = 1.46
      micrograms/ml), followed by a constant but slow decrease to 1 microgram/ml
      approximately after 2 h. 11.5 h (mean) after brachial plexus block there was a
      need for reinjection of local anesthetic solution for postoperative pain control.
      The pain free interval after 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine lasted 10.5 hours on the
      average. The 'top-up-dose' of 75 mg approximately equal to 30 ml of 0.25%
      bupicavaine caused only a small rise in plasma levels up to 0.6 micrograms/ml.
      Catheter brachial plexus block with bupivacaine is an appropriate procedure for
      both intra- and postoperative pain relief, especially in re-implantation surgery
      of the upper limb.

PMID- 4035022
TI  - [Thoracic peridural opiate-analgesia].
AB  - In patients with cancer pain caused by tumours in the upper thorax, shoulder or
      neck area the thoracic approach for peridural opiate analgesia is indicated. The
      thoracic puncture technique is more difficult and the possible complications are
      more serious than puncture in the lumbar area; it therefore belongs, as pain
      therapy generally, in the hands of an anaesthesiologist experienced in regional
      anaesthesia. In selecting the puncture level appropriate to the site of pain, it
      is necessary to take account of the fact that the vertebral interspace does not
      correspond with the spinal segment. Only thus can an optimal analgetic effect
      with a minimal dose b assured.

PMID- 4035023
TI  - [A case of transverse spinal cord syndrome following contamination of a peridural
      catheter].
AB  - Two weeks after removal of a peridural catheter a transverse lesion of the cord
      with paraplegia developed. At operation a paravertebral abscess, osteomyelitis of
      the lamina L2 and L3, and epidural abscess, a phlegmonous duritis and myelitis of
      the conus-cauda region by transmigration was found. The catheter had been in
      position for four days. The infection was caused by staphylococcus epidermidis.
      After laminectomy L2 and L3 as well as local and systemic application of
      antibiotics, according to the results of sensitivity tests, neurological deficits
      disappeared nearly completely.

PMID- 4035024
TI  - [Treatment of septic or non-septic diaphyseal pseudoarthroses by Ilizarov's
      monofocal compression method].
AB  - The treatment of non-union of long bones is one of the best indications for the
      use of Ilizarov external fixation. The method is somewhat expensive but without
      risk. In 20 patients, use of the technique achieved healing in cases in which
      traditional methods such as bone grafts, plates or other types of external
      fixator had failed. The main advantages are avoidance of further vascular
      disturbance, a stable and elastic fixation and the possibility of early weight
      bearing with consequent compression.

PMID- 4035025
TI  - [Postoperative infection of fractures of the femoral diaphysis treated by
      osteosynthesis. Long-term outcome].
AB  - The authors have operated on 284 simple fractures, complicated by 12 post
      operative infections (4.2 per cent) and 43 compound fractures, complicated by
      four infections (9.3 per cent). All the fractures were treated by plating.
      Thirteen of the infected cases have received long-term follow-up - ten after
      simple fractures and three after compound fractures. Nine out of the ten cases
      following simple fractures have healed, eight retaining the plate until
      consolidation and two being considered as infected non-unions. One of these two
      healed secondarily after fresh fixation and the other is still draining after a
      second operation, but has united. Two out of the four cases following compound
      fractures have already healed. The two others were considered as infected non
      union and healed after fresh fixation. It is concluded that infection after
      fracture of the femoral shaft is a serious complication, but healing can be
      obtained in almost all cases. No amputation was needed.

PMID- 4035026
TI  - [Treatment of acute pyogenic arthritis of major joints of the limbs].
AB  - The authors have treated 52 cases of septic arthritis of major joints. When
      aspiration contain an opaque fluid, conservative treatment with antibiotic
      therapy and immobilisation obtained healing in half of the patients. Surgical
      lavage of the joint was needed on 21 occasions with healing in 15. Synovectomy
      was performed in 8 cases and was indicated only at the stage of pyogenic
      synovitis before the development of pyogenic arthritis. When the latter stage was
      reached, arthrodesis was indicated. It was performed primarily on 6 occasions and
      secondarily once. Seven patients died. The average age was seventy years. The
      importance of early treatment is stressed.

PMID- 4035027
TI  - [Surgical treatment of flail chest by sliding staples].
AB  - The authors have compared the results obtained in two series of patients with
      flail chests treated by internal fixation. In the first series of 36 patients,
      Judet rib staples were used. The average time of artificial ventilation was 5.8
      days. In the second series of 43 patients, gliding staples were used. The average
      time of artificial ventilation was only 2.6 days, a significant reduction. Thanks
      to this new technique, the indications for artificial ventilation in the
      treatment of flail chests have been reduced from 47 per cent to 33 per cent. The
      technique of fixation has also been used in seven cases of operative treatment of
      funnel chests. In five other cases it has been used to reinforce plastic mesh
      inserted after extensive resection for malignant tumour.

PMID- 4035028
TI  - [Functional results of tibio-tarsal arthrodeses. Apropos of 52 reviewed cases].
AB  - Fifty-two patients with ankle arthrodesis were reviewed after an average follow
      up of 7 years with a range between 2 and 22 years. Two-thirds of the patients had
      good results and 1 in 4 had fair results. In 4 cases there were bad results.
      Thirty-seven patients could walk without any limitation thanks to mobility of the
      mid-tarsal joint. Most of the patients developed radiological arthrosis of the
      subtalar joint with limited movement in 29 instances. In contrast, hypermobility
      of the mid-tarsal joint was present in almost half of the cases. Good functional
      results were related to the preservation of mobility in the subtalar and mid
      tarsal joints. The time required to obtain a good functional result was about one
      and-a-half years. After this the results were stable, provided that the ankle
      fusion was in a good position. Most of the poor results were related to arthrosis
      of the sub-talar joint or trophic changes. Secondary extension of fusion to other
      joints was deceptive. It is concluded that combined arthrodesis of the tibio
      talar and sub-talar joints should be done only in cases of severe arthrosis. In
      other cases, the mobility of the sub-talar and mid-tarsal joints should be
      preserved.

PMID- 4035029
TI  - [Bilateral luxation of L5-S1. Apropos of a case reduced and fixed at the 120th
      day].
AB  - A case of pure anterior lumbosacral dislocation without fracture of the posterior
      arch has been seen by the authors. The patient was a woman who was six months
      pregnant at the time of injury. The dislocation was not recognised at first. Four
      months later, after delivery, function was poor. The displacement was reduced
      surgically and fixed by plates and screws using a posterior approach.

PMID- 4035030
TI  - [A case of bone lipoma of the femur head].
AB  - A case of intra-osseous lipoma of the upper femur is reported. A review of the
      literature shows that this lesion is rare, only about 33 cases having been
      published. The radiological appearance is that of a fibroma. The diagnosis is
      made at the time of surgery which reveals the presence of fat in a large cavity.
      Curettage and bone graft resulted in healing.

PMID- 4035031
TI  - [Costal osteosynthesis by plating].
AB  - The authors have utilised rib stabilization by plating in five patients. The
      sites at which such operations are indicated are discussed. The procedure is
      performed with the patient prone or in the lateral position. A solid fixation was
      always achieved. This surgical procedure was performed - not only on flail
      chests, but also on potentially unstable lesions.

PMID- 4035032
TI  - [Use of total conjugated bile acids in alcoholics without evidence of
      hepatopathy].

PMID- 4035033
TI  - [Markers of hepatitis B virus in an oncology unit].

PMID- 4035034
TI  - [2 cases of dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum].

PMID- 4035035
TI  - [Motor disorders of the extremities in herpes zoster. Presentation of 4 cases].

PMID- 4035036
TI  - [Acute liver failure and Wilson's disease].

PMID- 4035037
TI  - [Hyperparathyroidism. Report of a case of primary hyperparathyroidism caused by
      an adenoma].

PMID- 4035038
TI  - [Gardner syndrome: study of a case].

PMID- 4035039
TI  - [Overdose of biguanides].

PMID- 4035040
TI  - [Gammagraphic localization of pheochromocytoma using 131I-meta
      iodobenzoylguanidine (131I-MIBG)].

PMID- 4035041
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by oral contraceptives].

PMID- 4035042
TI  - [Capillary microscopy of the nail fold in Raynaud's phenomenon. Use in the early
      diagnosis of scleroderma].

PMID- 4035043
TI  - [Ergometric validation of a questionnaire on the physical activity in 2 Swiss
      towns].
AB  - A questionnaire concerning physical activity used in the National Research
      Program No. 1A (PNR 1A) was evaluated by using a physical fitness test on an
      ergometric bicycle. The values of maximum oxygen consumption correspond to
      different classes of physical activity set up according to the questionnaire
      (comparison of groups statistically significant). In addition, it appears that
      maximal oxygen consumption is in direct relation to the intensity of physical
      activity during leisure hours, whilst the degree of activity connected with
      professional or household duties is of very little importance.

PMID- 4035044
TI  - [Bacterial contamination of the air in different operating rooms].
AB  - Bacteria air samples were taken in the operating rooms, with no people present,
      to specify the level of air contamination and suggest bacteriological standards
      for different operating rooms. In the first step of this study, for 5 months the
      air contamination mean value of operating rooms, ventilated at 15 changes/hour
      was 18.5 Cfu/m3 +/- 1.9. In the second part of the study, during two years, 1 381
      air samples were taken in 8 different operating rooms. The mean values of air
      contamination range from 1.4 Cfu/m3 in a Charnley isolator system to 121 Cfu/m3
      in an operating room ventilated at 7.5 changes per hour. As a general rule, the
      airborne contamination is more significant in the oldest operating rooms than in
      the new one with filtrated air. The variations observed between 1981 and 1982 are
      explained by technical modifications of the system or progress in control of
      operating room conditions. Measurements of the bacterial contamination of the air
      give useful informations, but it is however better to ensure that the
      specifications for volume air supply and positive air pressure in the operating
      theatres are being fulfilled. The airborne bacterial concentration in a modern
      ventilated operating room should not exceed 30 Cfu/m3.

PMID- 4035045
TI  - [The search for Yersinia enterocolitica in vegetables treated by a cold line in
      school cafeterias in Montpellier].
AB  - From 134 samples of raw or cooked vegetables taken in two points of a cold line
      we isolated 19 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, 3 of Y. intermedia 3 of Y.
      kristensenii. None of them belongs to serotypes usually pathogenic for man. The
      raw vegetables are most contaminated. Y. kristensenii and Y. intermedia were
      isolated especially from samples of green salad. The used method was a cold
      enrichment at 4 degrees C followed by a potassium hydroxyde treatment. The
      activity of 16 antimicrobial drugs was studied by the disk diffusion test at 28
      degrees C. All strains were sensitive to aminoglycosides, minocycline, colistine
      and cotrimoxazole. The results obtained with chloramphenicol and beta-lactam
      antibiotics vary in terms of species and/or biotypes.

PMID- 4035046
TI  - [Seasonal anthropometric variations in adults of 2 different West African
      populations].
AB  - Results of nutritional surveys carried out during the wet and dry seasons in the
      South of Mali and the North of Senegal (Ferlo) reveal that adults in both areas
      experience seasonal weight variations of about 4%. These variations are related
      to the regular occurrence of food shortages during the rainy season. The
      circumstances in which these food shortages occur are not the same in the two
      communities: while the nomadic herders of Ferlo can significantly reduce energy
      outlay by resting during the rainy period, the Malian farmers, on the contrary,
      must work harder because their agricultural tasks are most demanding in this
      season. In conclusion, we stress the need to take this phenomenon into account in
      agricultural development projects and to overcome shortages provoked by the shift
      in peasants' habits from subsistence agriculture to cash crops.

PMID- 4035047
TI  - Prevention of coronary heart disease: priorities for action and further research.

PMID- 4035048
TI  - [Evolution of tobacco consumption in 2 towns with intervention programs and 2
      control towns in Switzerland].
AB  - The National Research Program 1 A on "Primary Prevention of cardiovascular
      disease in Switzerland' was designed to determine whether community health
      education can reduce cardiovascular risk factors in the population. Two
      communities (12,000 inhabitants each) in the French speaking and two (16,000
      inhabitants each) in the German speaking part of the country were selected either
      for intervention or comparison. Following baseline screening in 1977 (stratified
      random samples) and the community intervention program (1978-1980), a final
      assessment on the initial participants was performed at the end of 1980. Amongst
      the regular smokers, 26,2% stopped during this period in the intervention
      communities whereas 18,1% did so in the reference cities. 4,7% of non-smokers
      began to smoke during the same period in the intervention communities whereas
      7,8% did so in the reference cities. Plasma thiocyanate measurement suggested
      reliable answers on smoking status. These results suggest that community health
      education may be effective in preventing harmful health consequence of smoking.

PMID- 4035049
TI  - [The influence of family environment on the evolution of tobacco consumption in 2
      trial towns and 2 control towns in Switzerland].
AB  - As part of a study on cardiovascular risk factor modification in four Swiss
      cities (National Research Program 1A, "Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular
      Disease in Switzerland") between 1977 and 1981, the influence of family members
      on changes in tobacco consumption was investigated. In this study there were two
      intervention cities, with a community health education program, and two reference
      cities. The net decrease of regular smokers was significantly more important in
      the intervention cities (-3.6%, p less than 0.05), however there was no
      significantly different pattern for family members. In contrast, there was a
      significant influence among adult family members both for the decrease (p =
      0.0001) and the increase (p less than 0.005) in tobacco consumption.

PMID- 4035050
TI  - [The evolution of plasma cholesterol in 2 towns with intervention programs and 2
      control towns in Switzerland].
AB  - As part of the "National Research Program 1A" (PNR 1A) on the prevention of
      cardiovascular disease, a study was made of changes in blood cholesterol levels
      in the populations of two intervention cities (Nyon and Aarau) with a community
      health education program, and two reference cities (Vevey and Solothurn). A fall
      in cholesterol levels was noted in both the intervention and reference cities,
      with no difference in between the cities. However, a clear, statistically
      significant (p less than 0.05) fall was recorded in a group of women who
      participated in prevention activities concerned with nutrition, in comparison
      with a group of non-participating women, in the two intervention cities.

PMID- 4035051
TI  - Transport of calcium, magnesium and strontium by human serum proteins.
AB  - The association constant and the maximal binding capacity for calcium, magnesium
      and strontium to human serum proteins were determined using a wide concentration
      range by a dialysis technique. The association curves are similar for these
      elements. Each curve may be subdivided in three parts: the first would correspond
      to the subfraction tightly bound to protein, the second one shows a linear design
      implying the association of the element to different binding points which have
      the same association constant, and the third part shows the saturation of
      proteins, which is achieved by alkaline-earth concentration about 9 times higher
      than the physiological ones.

PMID- 4035052
TI  - [Effects of thyroidectomy and submaxillary sialoadenectomy on physiological
      parameters in the female rat].
AB  - The effects of interaction of the thyroid function with the submaxillary glands
      on the female rat, on the body growth, weight evolution of adrenal glands, ovary
      and parotid glands, puberty onset, estrous cycle, fertility, gestation and
      offspring size, plasmatic levels of glucose, glucagon, Na+, K+ and total protein
      have been studied. The effects of sialadenectomy and thyroid function are both
      independent in all parameters, except in ovary growth, which is depressed by
      thyroid function when submaxillary glands are removed, and in circulating
      glucose, since sialadenectomy stabilizes to hypoglycemia which results from
      thyroidectomy.

PMID- 4035053
TI  - [Hypotension and diffusion of Rb-86 in the rat brain].
AB  - Studies on the permeability of potassium at the blood-brain barrier of rats show
      that, under normal conditions, the concentration of this ion is kept constant
      although wide variations in plasma are present. 86Rb has been utilized as an
      analog of K+. The permeability constant for control animals (arterial blood
      pressure of 100 +/- 3 mmHg), has been determined in 0.926 +/- 0.02 ml X g-1 X h-1
      (brain cortex), and 1.107 +/- 0.12 ml X g-1 X h-1 (cerebellum). The permeability
      constant for hypotensive animals (arterial blood pressure of 40 +/- 5 mmHg), has
      been determined in 0.473 +/- 0.03 ml X g-1 X h-1 (brain cortex), and 0.608 +/-
      0.06 ml X g-1 X h-1 (cerebellum). During hypotension there is a marked decrease
      in the permeability constant of 86Rb at the blood-brain barrier of rats.

PMID- 4035054
TI  - Oil-stop method as an alternative to filtration for transport studies on plasma
      membrane vesicles. A preliminary report.
AB  - The oil-stop procedure applied in transport studies on whole cells was adapted
      for isolated plasma membrane vesicles. The advantages of the proposed technique
      with respect to the commonly used filtration method are the reduction of the
      period of the termination step, the increase in the allowed membrane content of
      the samples and the absence of the leakage of substrates from the intravesicular
      space.

PMID- 4035055
TI  - [Inhibition of macrophage phagocytic activity by selective sensitization to
      alloantigens of the H-2 system].
AB  - The action exerted by selective sensitizations to alloantigens coded by the Major
      Histocompatibility System of the mouse, H-2, on the phagocytic ability of the
      mouse peritoneal macrophages has been studied. The results suggest that when
      immunizations are performed between completely incompatible animals for the H-2k
      haplotype, after the third immunization the total number of macrophages able to
      carry out phagocytosis decreases very significantly. When the incompatibilities,
      however, are due to the left half of the H-2 system or to minor
      histocompatibility antigens, such an inhibition does not appear.

PMID- 4035056
TI  - [Proliferative response of murine lymphocytes caused by the activity of
      amphiphilic molecules from Propionibacterium acnes].
AB  - Splenic lymphocytes from mice treated with Propionibacterium acnes cells as well
      as with their cell walls were found to be variably active on the
      lymphoproliferative responsiveness. Furthermore, the effect of these bacterial
      agents on the ex vivo Con A response of the lymphocytes showed a certain
      stimulation that was higher with oral treatments. In the same conditions the
      influence of these agents on the LPS lymphocytes stimulation was almost without
      any statistical significance. In vitro blastogenesis experiments were undertaken
      in order to elucidate the influence of different amphiphilic molecules from
      peripheric bacterial structures on the lymphoproliferative response of murine
      splenocytes. Stimulation rates were also determined as a function of the (3H)
      thymidine incorporation. Combined effects of mitogens (Con A and LPS) with
      bacterial amphiphilic molecules were also evaluated as a function of the DNA
      synthesis variations. All cases resulted in a variable inhibition of the
      mitogenic response which appeared dose-dependent and more active for associations
      of Con A and amphiphilic molecules. The most effective intrinsic mitogenic
      activities were detected with teichoic acids and intracellular polysaccharides.
      These last molecules without purification, assayed as cytoplasmic fractions,
      appeared modified in the intensity of their action, depending on their
      carbohydrate/protein ratios.

PMID- 4035057
TI  - [Changes in the ovarian structure and fertility of the rat after various ovarian
      neurectomies].
AB  - The changes undergone by the ovary 30 days after different unilateral
      neurectomies were investigated in 45 rats. Fertility modification was observed in
      a second group of 40 rats that, after the same neurectomies, were placed with a
      male for a period of 20 days. The only significant change in the ovarian
      sympathectomized rats was a decrease in the nuclear area of the luteal cells. In
      the rats with an additional ovariectomy a significant compensatory hypertrophy
      appeared in the luteal cells. Vagotomy provoked a significant nuclear hypertrophy
      in the interstitial and luteal cells, as well as in the corpora lutea. In the
      cases with contralateral ovariectomy this hypertrophy was considerably reduced.
      Section of the pelvic splanchnic nerve only produced a decrease of the nuclear
      size in the luteal cells. Subsequent contralateral ovariectomy was followed by an
      additional atrophy of the luteal cells and corpora lutea. These results indicate
      that the parasympathetic system, in normal conditions, plays an inhibitory role,
      while the sympathetic has a light stimulatory effect, principally on the luteal
      cells. In relation to fertility, 50% of the neurectomized rats, 75% of the
      control ones and 100% of the neurectomized and contralaterally ovariectomized
      rats were found pregnant. The average of the embryos implanted in the uterine
      horn of the neurectomized ovary was significantly smaller than in the control
      side. On the contrary, in the ovariectomized rats, especially in the case of
      sympathectomy, the average of the embryos implanted in the uterine horn of the
      ovariectomized side was significantly higher than in the control animals.

PMID- 4035058
TI  - Biochemical changes in testis and ovary of Chrysocoris stolli Wolf. after the
      application of juvenoid and ecdysterone.
AB  - The changes in the metabolic status of both testis and ovary of Chrysocoris
      stolli following the treatment with juvenile hormone analogue (JHa) and
      ecdysterone were studied. After the exogenous application of JHa in selective
      dose, total carbohydrate, glycogen, trehalose, cholesterol, ascorbic acid and
      inorganic phosphorus increased significantly whereas free fatty acid (FFA),
      phospholipid, total protein, RNA and DNA decreased significantly in comparison to
      control of both testis and ovary. Total lipid significantly decreased in testis
      and significantly increased in ovary after JHa injection. The activities of
      cellular enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, 5' nucleotidase, catalase and
      peroxidase significantly decreased while acid phosphatase and GPT significantly
      increased after the JHa application in comparison to control both in testis and
      ovary. Activities of GOT and general esterase significantly decreased in testis
      and increased in ovary after JHa application. The exogenous application of
      ecdysterone also brought about the similar kind of responses as was noticed in
      case of JHa treatment but these two treatments differed in some cases such as
      ecdysteroid that produced some results which were just the reverse of what was
      produced by JHa treatment. The results obtained here were explained in terms of
      mode of action of these two hormones.

PMID- 4035059
TI  - [Respiratory function changes in multiple myeloma].

PMID- 4035060
TI  - [Plasma cell leukemia: clinical and morphocytochemical aspects in 5 cases].

PMID- 4035061
TI  - [Fibrodysplasia of the renal artery. Clinical, histopathologic and angiographic
      aspects].

PMID- 4035062
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance in the morpho-functional study of the kidney].

PMID- 4035063
TI  - [Update on the prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolic disease: mini
      dose heparin].

PMID- 4035064
TI  - [The spectrum of myelomas and "senile" myeloma].

PMID- 4035065
TI  - [Systemic changes in portal hypertension].

PMID- 4035066
TI  - Rationale for perioperative anticancer treatment.

PMID- 4035067
TI  - Perioperative chemotherapy. Rationale, risk and results. Proceedings of an
      international symposium, 17/18 March, 1983, Zurich.

PMID- 4035068
TI  - Surgical intervention and metastasis.
AB  - Recent findings, briefly summarized here, show that the dissemination of
      neoplastic cells is an early and continuing process; that individual tumor cells
      in a malignant tumor possess differing metastatic capacities; and that metastases
      can arise from specific subpopulations of tumor cells. These findings have
      considerable implications for the understanding and treatment of systemic
      malignancies. The underlying cause for the finding that surgical removal of the
      primary local tumor is often followed by considerably enhanced outgrowth of
      established micrometastases is not yet understood. The trauma and stress
      associated with surgical intervention does not of itself seem to constitute a
      major tumor-promoting component. More likely candidates responsible for enhanced
      outgrowth of metastases after surgery are the removal of the growth-inhibitory
      restraint that the primary tumor exerts on disseminated neoplastic cells.

PMID- 4035069
TI  - The risks of perioperative chemotherapy in large-bowel cancer surgery.

PMID- 4035070
TI  - Combined-modality treatment with induction chemotherapy in locally advanced
      squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx.

PMID- 4035071
TI  - Drug selection for perioperative chemotherapy.
AB  - A wide variety of tumor types can be successfully grown with the clonogenic
      assay. However, few tumor types perform adequately for routine drug sensitivity
      testing, e.g., ovarian carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Because of insufficient
      in vitro growth, the cloning system cannot help substantially in indicating
      active substances for epidemiologically frequent tumors that usually have a poor
      prognosis, such as colorectal cancers and non-small cell lung and breast cancers.
      The degree of in vitro cell kill that would correspond to complete eradication of
      micrometastases is unknown. The identification of individual patients sensitive
      to a given antineoplastic agent becomes more difficult as the tumor becomes more
      refractory to treatment. At this moment, the clonogenic assay appears most
      promising for trials dealing with the treatment of ovarian adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 4035072
TI  - Methodological and statistical aspects in perioperative chemotherapy trials.
AB  - Cancer clinical trials designed to test the value of perioperative chemotherapy
      present special statistical problems for the investigator. Because chemotherapy
      must begin within hours of surgery, aspects of the design, conduct, and analysis
      of such trials are more complex than for many other types of clinical
      investigations. Special attention must be given to the logistics of patient
      entry. In some situations, patients may receive a treatment assignment prior to
      the determination of eligibility or even prior to histological diagnosis of
      cancer. Design problems may arise when important prognostic factors are not known
      at the time of randomization. A comparison of perioperative chemotherapy to
      other, conventionally timed adjuvant chemotherapy requires that adjuvant
      treatment be purposely delayed for some patients. Because patients enter a
      perioperative chemotherapy trial before or soon after surgery, the patient
      population is not the same as that treated in standard adjuvant trials. Thus it
      is not possible to compare results directly between perioperative and standard
      adjuvant trials. Analyses of toxicity will include surgical morbidity which would
      not be seen in conventional adjuvant trials. The analysis of perioperative
      chemotherapy trials requires care, as many case exclusion factors may make it
      difficult to determine the true effectiveness of the perioperative treatment
      plan. Analysis by intent to treat is recommended. These and other statistical and
      logistic aspects are discussed with reference to the current trial being
      conducted by the Ludwig Breast Cancer Study Group.

PMID- 4035073
TI  - Short perioperative versus long-term adjuvant chemotherapy.
AB  - A single course of cyclophosphamide IV 5 mg/kg daily for 6 days was given
      immediately after mastectomy to 507 patients (519 randomized controls). The
      relapse-free rates were significantly increased, and after 16 years the
      difference was 12%. In a parallel series the same adjuvant course was given 2-4
      weeks after mastectomy to 52 patients (58 randomized controls). No effect of this
      delayed course was found. In a second study a short multidrug course was given to
      all patients immediately after mastectomy. One-half of the axillary node-positive
      cases were randomized to continue with IV CMF for 1 year. The preliminary
      observations show that the prolonged treatment improved the relapse-free rates
      significantly during the first few years. One year after mastectomy the
      difference was 10%; after 2 years, 9%; after 3 years, 11%; and after 4 years, 9%.
      The side-effects of the short course were negligible, but the side-effects of
      prolonged treatment were considerable and increased with increasing treatment
      duration. More trials are needed to find the optimum duration of adjuvant
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 4035074
TI  - Kinetics of microsomal metabolism of quinidine in rats.
AB  - Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of quinidine was investigated using rat liver
      microsomes. Quinidine elimination was capacity limited with apparent Michaelis
      constant (appKM) of 2.6 microM (about 1.2 mg/L) in liver microsomes from
      uninduced rats. Phenobarbital (PB) pretreatment caused induction of quinidine
      metabolism. Formation of all three metabolites important in man, 3
      hydroxyquinidine, quinidine N-oxide and quinidine 10,11-dihydrodiol were PB
      inducible (Vmax increased). To study any direct interaction between PB and
      quinidine, PB was also added to the microsomal incubate and was found to decrease
      the rate constant for quinidine metabolism, suggesting inhibition of quinidine
      metabolism by PB. While, 3-hydroxyquinidine formation was inhibited (Vmax
      decreased and KM increased), the formation of quinidine N-oxide was activated
      (Vmax increased). The formation of quinidine 10,11-dihydrodiol, although a minor
      metabolite in rat, was also inhibited in presence of PB. It is apparent from this
      study that PB when administered in vivo would act as both inducer and inhibitor
      of quinidine metabolism.

PMID- 4035075
TI  - Antinociceptive effect of intracerebroventricularly administered histamine in
      rats.
AB  - Intracerebroventricularly (icv) administered histamine produced a dose-related
      antinociceptive effect in rats, using the rat tail-hot wire technique as the
      experimental parameter. The H1-receptor agonist, 2-methyl-histamine, given icv,
      also induced marked antinociception, whereas the H2-receptor agonist, 4
      methylhistamine, produced relatively weaker and transient antinociception.
      Histamine-induced antinociception was significantly inhibited by mepyramine, a H1
      receptor antagonist, but not by cimetidine, a H2-receptor antagonist. 5,6
      Dihydroxytryptamine, a specific serotonin neuronolytic agent, and p
      chlorophenylalanine, which selectively inhibits serotonin synthesis, markedly
      inhibited the antinociceptive effect of histamine, which was also attenuated by
      naloxone, an antagonist for endogenous opioid receptors, and by dexamethasone,
      which is known to reduce central endorphin concentrations. On the contrary, the
      effect of histamine was potentiated by adrenalectomy and by metyrapone, an
      inhibitor of endogenous corticoid synthesis, which are known to enhance central
      endorphins.

PMID- 4035076
TI  - Effects of verapamil and taurine administration on heart taurine and calcium in
      BIO 14.6 cardiomyopathic hamsters.
AB  - Administration of either taurine or verapamil raised heart taurine and reduced
      heart calcium levels in BIO 14.6 hamsters. Combined administration of the two
      agents magnified both effects. It is suggested that the marked reduction of heart
      calcium produced by verapamil may be partially mediated through the membrane
      stabilizing, calcium-modulating actions of taurine at the sarcolemma.

PMID- 4035077
TI  - The ovarian enzyme catalyzing conversion of 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin F2
      alpha to 13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha in rats.
AB  - The preliminary experiments concerning enzymes involved in the production system
      of 13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha (13,14H2-PGF2 alpha) in rat ovary were
      carried out. The enzyme which converted 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2
      alpha (15KD-PGF2 alpha) to 13,14H2-PGF2 alpha required NADPH as a cofactor, and
      the enzyme activity was inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents as well as quercitrin.
      Thus, the enzyme studied here seems to be a carbonyl reductase possessing SH
      group(s) in the molecule.

PMID- 4035078
TI  - Modulation of symmetrical 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon
      carcinogenesis by isoproterenol (IPR).
AB  - The modulatory effect of IPR on the initiation and promotion of DMH-induced colon
      carcinogenesis was investigated using CF-1 young adult female mice. IPR given
      soon after each of weekly DMH injections inhibited the initiation phase of colon
      carcinogenesis when the cumulative dose of DMH was small. However, such
      inhibition was not observed when the cumulative dose of DMH was doubled. Colon
      neoplasms that developed in spite of IPR treatments seemed to infiltrate the
      colon wall earlier as compared to those without IPR. On the other hand, IPR did
      not appear to affect the promotion phase of colon carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4035079
TI  - 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced congenital kidney defects and
      embryomortality in the CD-1 mouse.
AB  - CD-1 Mice were treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of 10 or 100
      micrograms/kg 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on pregnancy days 8, 9
      and 10 or 11, 12 and 13 (early and late organogenesis). By the same regimen, the
      LD50 for TPA was about 450 micrograms/kg. TPA treatment induced embryomortality,
      fetal malformation and reduced fetal weight, generally in a dose-related manner.
      TPA treatment (100 micrograms/kg) was markedly more embryolethal on days 11-15
      (68%/litter) than in early organogenesis (18%/litter). Renal malformations were
      observed in all treatment groups at a low incidence (about 5% of live fetuses)
      and in no case was the total incidence of malformations greater than 10%. There
      was little correlation between indications of maternal toxicity and the adverse
      outcomes of pregnancy, suggesting that TPA has direct embryotoxic effects. The
      relatively low incidence of anomalies is considered a paradox in light of the
      potent effects of TPA on cellular processes critical to embryogenesis.

PMID- 4035080
TI  - Evaluation of topically applied (AET) 2-aminoethyl-iso-thiouronium for radiation
      protection of the skin. A preliminary study in pigs.
AB  - AET (Aminoethyl-iso-thiouronium) was applied topically on irradiated pig skin in
      different vehicles (emulsions and solutions) for testing a protective effect. A
      simple normal saline solution (200 mg/100 ml) proved to exert the best effect,
      both macroscopically and histologically. The solution was applied two hours and
      immediately before the irradiation which consisted of one 2000 rad fraction with
      a 20 MeV electron beam. A protective effect was noticed only in the superficial
      epithelial layers, the deeper radiobiological effect remained unaltered.

PMID- 4035081
TI  - Nonthrombogenic arterial reconstruction.
AB  - Carboxyl groups of heparin were activated by carbodiimide (EDC) to allow stable
      covalent binding of heparin to various arterial reconstructions. Ammonium
      hydroxide treated Human Umbilical Veins Grafts (HUVG) outperform carotid arteries
      of goat, porcine and canine origin in both heparin loading and stability. In
      vitro studies reveal that heparin bound HUVG retains its anticoagulative
      activity, showing promise towards the development of a nonthrombogenic small
      caliber vascular prosthesis.

PMID- 4035082
TI  - Effect of acute and chronic exposure to heat on pharmacokinetic parameters of
      digoxin in rats.
AB  - Digoxin pharmacokinetic parameters in acute heat-exposed male rats (AHE)
      maintained for 3 hours at 35 degrees C, and chronic heat-exposed rats (CHE)
      maintained at 35 degrees C for 4 weeks, were compared to control rats (C)
      maintained at 22 degrees C. Digoxin concentration in the plasma was measured by
      radioimmunoassay which gave values similar to thin layer chromatography method.
      The half life time of digoxin during the elimination phase of the drug (t 1/2
      beta) was similar in all three experimental groups (2.8; 2.7; 3.0 hrs) while the
      values obtained by extrapolation of digoxin plasma concentration to zero time
      (CpO) was 40% higher in AHE rats and 375% higher in CHE rats than in C rats. The
      apparent distribution volume of the drug (Vapr) was 40% lower in AHE rats and 80%
      lower in CHE rats as compared to C rats.

PMID- 4035083
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of inhaled N2O in children.
AB  - A new approach is described for the calculation of elimination half-life of
      inhaled N2O. We generated the elimination rate constant (Ke) by measuring the
      cumulative fraction of exhaled N2O versus time during induction of anaesthesia
      with oxygen and nitrous oxide. The amount of N2O which remained in the body at
      90% steady-state (X1 90%) was estimated by subtracting the cumulative exhaled N2O
      from the cumulative inhaled N2O. In young children (age range 4-36 mo, mean 19
      mo) the elimination rate constant was significantly higher than in adolescents
      and young adults (age range 14-20 yr, mean 16.8 yr) (0.14 +/- 0.055/sec and
      0.0646 +/- 0.019/sec, respectively) (P = 0.025). Elimination T1/2 was therefore
      shorter in the young children (6.1 +/- 3.3 vs 11.1 +/- 3 sec) (P less than
      0.025). T1/2 was longer (14 +/- 2.6 sec) in children with left to right shunt
      despite being younger than the adolescents and young adults (age range 3.25-15
      yr, mean 9.9). X1 90% was significantly larger in the young children (30 +/- 3%
      of the administered dose) than in the older children (26.7 +/- 2%) (P less than
      0.05). Elimination T1/2 positively correlated with the amount of N2O which
      remained in the body at 90% steady-state (X1 90%) (r = 0.85, P less than 0.01),
      suggesting that the distribution of N2O and not its clearance is the main
      determinant of its elimination T1/2 in normal children.

PMID- 4035084
TI  - Intestinal uptake of intact maternal lymphocytes by neonatal rats and lambs.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted using neonatal rats and lambs. The intestinal
      lumen of neonatal rats was infused with radiolabelled syngeneic lymphocytes,
      whereas the intestine of lambs was infused with radiolabelled allogeneic maternal
      lymphocytes. The results of both experiments indicated that radiolabelled cells
      were absorbed by the intestine as judged by autoradiographic studies of
      intestinal tissue. Furthermore, in lambs it was possible to show that these cells
      were transported via the lacteal lymph ducts to the mesenteric lymph nodes. These
      findings suggest another mechanism by which the lactating ewe may confer immunity
      to its suckled young.

PMID- 4035085
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in the cow.
AB  - Plasma levels of flunixin were measured in heifers after a single intravenous
      injection (1.1 mg kg-1), using high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma
      concentration versus time curves were best described by a two compartment model.
      The distribution phase (alpha) half-life was 0.294 hours, the elimination phase
      (beta) half-life was 8.12 hours and the volume of distribution was 1050 ml kg-1.

PMID- 4035086
TI  - Trichostrongyle larval populations on herbage from grazed and ungrazed cattle
      pastures in south west Scotland.
AB  - In the course of studies on the control of bovine parasitic gastroenteritis in
      south west Scotland using a morantel sustained release bolus the populations of
      trichostrongyle infective larvae on herbage were monitored over a two-year
      period. From the results of the herbage analysis and the worm burdens in parasite
      naive tracer calves introduced at the end of 18 months, it was clear that
      considerable numbers of infective larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia
      oncophora survived for at least 18 months on pastures not grazed at all. The
      results suggest that in south west Scotland after one, or even two, seasons with
      no further contamination of grazing, permanent cattle pastures cannot be assumed
      to be helminthologically 'safe' and that this should be taken into consideration
      when determining prophylactic strategies.

PMID- 4035087
TI  - Blood eosinophilia in adult bantams naturally infected with Trichostrongylus
      tenuis.
AB  - Blood eosinophilia was seen in 36 per cent of 115 adult bantams naturally
      infested with Trichostrongylus tenuis; the maximum individual count was 56 per
      cent eosinophils. There were no measurable levels of IgE in the plasma samples
      and no foci of eosinophils were found in the tissues.

PMID- 4035088
TI  - Viability and pattern of emergence of Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae in sporangia
      of the fungus Pilobolus kleinii.
AB  - Recoveries of third stage Dicytocaulus viviparus larvae (L3) from Pilobolus
      species sporangia ranged from 23 per cent at 21 days to 3 per cent after 90 days
      for sporangia attached to polythene discs positioned on pasture. There was a
      continuous release of L3 for up to 16 days from sporangia which were placed under
      conditions simulating those occurring on pasture.

PMID- 4035089
TI  - Propionate loading test for liver function in spontaneously ketotic dairy cows.
AB  - Propionate utilisation by the liver in spontaneously ketotic dairy cows was
      investigated by determining blood glucose levels after an intravenous sodium
      propionate load (2.5 mmol kg-1). In addition, blood ketone body concentrations
      were measured after propionate loading. Cows were divided into three groups
      (control, mildly ketotic and severely ketotic) by their blood acetoacetate
      concentrations. Plasma glucose concentrations increased significantly after
      sodium propionate injection in all three groups (P less than 0.05). The maximum
      glucose concentration occurred earlier in the control group than in the ketotic
      groups. Changes in glucose concentrations following propionate loading of control
      and ketotic cows differed significantly at 20 minutes and beyond. Differences in
      the change in glucose concentration between mildly ketotic and severely ketotic
      cows were not significant. Acetoacetate concentration was significantly decreased
      at five minutes and beyond after the injection in ketotic cows, whereas beta
      hydroxybutyrate concentration decreased more slowly. A decrease in beta
      hydroxybutyrate concentration was significant at 40 minutes and beyond in the
      severely ketotic group and at 10 minutes and beyond in the mildly ketotic group
      after loading.

PMID- 4035090
TI  - Experimental 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid toxicosis in pigs.
AB  - Five times the recommended dose of 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (187.5 mg
      kg-1) induces a pathognomonic clinical syndrome in pigs. The main clinical
      features are not continually present but are inducible only by exercise. From day
      11 on the experimental diet a nervous syndrome was inducible. This manifested as
      muscle tremors and clonic convulsive episodes. Paraparesis developed by day 22
      and paraplegia by day 33. Liver arsenic levels plateaued at 5.4 +/- 1.3 mg kg-1.
      The experiment confirms field observations that 3-nitro produces a characteristic
      toxicological syndrome, which is distinct from that of arsanilic acid. It also
      confirms that 3-nitro has a higher absolute toxicity than arsanilic acid in pigs
      as well as a lower margin of safety.

PMID- 4035091
TI  - Gastrointestinal flora in iron-deficient piglets.
AB  - The pH and microflora of the contents of the stomach and small intestine were
      studied in iron-treated and iron-deficient piglets. Compared with their iron
      treated littermates, the gut contents at several sites in iron-deficient animals
      had a higher pH and contained greater numbers of coliforms, lactobacilli, total
      aerobes and total anaerobes. The possible relationship of these findings to
      previous findings in such animals and to their high incidence of diarrhoea is
      discussed.

PMID- 4035093
TI  - Hypersensitivity to dietary components in young farm animals: immunisation of
      calves for IgE antibody responses.
AB  - An immunisation schedule is described that reproducibly induces long latent
      period skin sensitising antibody (immunoglobulin) in calves by a combined
      oral/parenteral route. This response is only directed towards the protein
      component of the antigen and is boosted upon challenge injection.

PMID- 4035092
TI  - Immunophysiological activity of supramammary lymph nodes of the ewe during the
      very early phase of staphylococcal mastitis.
AB  - Efferent mammary lymph was collected from lactating ewes which were unimmunised
      (controls) or immunised during pregnancy with two doses of an attenuated live
      Staphylococcus aureus vaccine either in the hindlimb ("directly primed'
      supramammary nodes) or in the brisket ("indirectly primed' supramammary nodes).
      Mammary lymph was also collected from unimmunised animals in which the
      supramammary nodes had been extirpated several months before. Ewes in which the
      supramammary nodes had been directly primed by staphylococcal vaccination before
      challenge had a significantly greater output of IgM- and IgG2-containing cells in
      lymph and higher concentrations of IgG1 and IgG2 antibody against S aureus
      surface antigens than did other groups. Lymphadenectomised ewes had fewer
      leucocytes in mammary lymph but a much higher proportion of neutrophils than
      other ewes, indicating that afferent mammary lymph has an unusually high number
      of neutrophils and most of these cells are filtered out in the supramammary lymph
      nodes under normal circumstances. The results indicated that most of the
      leucocytes in efferent lymph were derived from the supramammary nodes. After
      induction of experimental staphylococcal mastitis there was a rapid drop in
      leucocyte output in lymph within one to four hours after infection; the data
      indicated that events within the supramammary nodes were responsible for this
      phenomenon. The output of immunoglobulin-containing cells was reduced during this
      phase. No significant increases in output of lymphoblasts, immunoglobulin
      containing cells or specific antibody occurred during the six hours immediately
      following infection.

PMID- 4035094
TI  - Formation of calcium complexes by borogluconate in vitro and during calcium
      borogluconate infusion in sheep.
AB  - The effect of borogluconate on plasma calcium fractions was studied in vitro and
      in vivo in sheep. In vitro calcium chloride was more effective in raising ionised
      plasma calcium than calcium borogluconate. Sodium borate or gluconate added to
      blood caused only small decreases in blood ionised calcium. However, together, a
      synergistic reduction in ionised calcium was observed. Following calcium
      borogluconate infusions into sheep, total plasma calcium rose primarily because
      of an increase in the unionised ultrafiltrable fraction. Other changes observed
      following the infusion were hypercalciuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate
      and acidosis. Sodium borogluconate administered subcutaneously lowered total
      plasma calcium. This probably resulted from enhanced calcium excretion. It is
      suggested that since the anionic component of calcium solutions alters the
      availability and retention of calcium, it is likely to affect clinical efficacy
      significantly.

PMID- 4035095
TI  - Safety and efficacy of clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin in pigeons (Columba
      livia).
AB  - Pigeons treated orally with 125 mg clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin for seven
      days showed no adverse reactions. The drug had a marked depressive effect on the
      faecal flora but this had returned to normal 10 days after cessation of
      treatment. When administered to pigeons with an experimental Staphylococcus
      aureus infection of the feet no clinical response was apparent and there was no
      evidence of a diminution in the inflammatory process.

PMID- 4035097
TI  - Spirochaetes in the equine caecum.
AB  - Two morphological types of spirochaete were found in the horse caecum measuring 4
      to 6 micron by 0.3 to 0.4 micron and 6 to 8 micron by 0.1 to 0.2 micron. Attempts
      were made to culture the organisms but none survived subculture beyond the
      primary isolate. Electron microscopy revealed that many of the organisms were
      infected by bacteriophages.

PMID- 4035096
TI  - Trichostrongylus colubriformis: in vitro culture of parasitic stages and their
      use for the evaluation of anthelmintics.
AB  - Approximately 50 per cent of fourth stage larvae of Trichostrongylus
      colubriformis taken from the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, on day 8 after
      infection, moulted to the young adult stage when cultured in a complex medium
      over a seven day period in vitro. Larvae at the late fourth stage of development
      were highly susceptible to certain benzimidazole, prebenzimidazole,
      imidazothiazole, pyrimidine, quaternary ammonium, organophosphorus and
      macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics when any of these were included at very low
      concentrations in the culture medium. However, few anthelmintics lacking activity
      against T colubriformis in vivo affected these larvae. An assay employing these
      larvae in vitro should offer a means for assessing the intrinsic activity of new
      compounds against T colubriformis in the absence of any complicating host
      pharmacokinetic factors, and could also be adapted for use as a high capacity
      preliminary screen. Thus it should now be possible to employ a target parasite at
      the earliest stages of a lead discovery programme obviating the need to use less
      relevant free-living nematodes or ones that are natural parasites of rodents.

PMID- 4035098
TI  - Comparison of two techniques used for the recovery of nematode infective larvae
      from pasture.
AB  - The recovery of gastrointestinal nematode infective larvae from herbage collected
      manually was compared with the recovery from herbage ingested by sheep with
      oesophageal fistulae, on five occasions during the grazing season. At least three
      times more larvae were recovered from the oesophageal fistulates than by manual
      collection. There was no significant variation between the numbers of larvae
      collected at 09.00, 12.00 and 15.00, nor was there any difference in the
      distribution of genera recovered by the two methods. The worm burdens of tracer
      lambs and the larval counts from the fistulated sheep were used to estimate the
      rate of larval establishment.

PMID- 4035099
TI  - [Muscle training of the patients during mechanical ventilation].

PMID- 4035100
TI  - [Mucociliary clearance mechanisms studied by radioisotopic methods--a
      quantitative analysis].

PMID- 4035101
TI  - [The relationship between the extent of coronary artery disease and correlative
      risk factors in young men].

PMID- 4035102
TI  - [Electrophysiological assessment of patients with recurrent ventricular
      tachycardia after myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4035103
TI  - [Early non-invasive diagnosis of ventricular septal rupture following acute
      myocardial infarction: role of two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography].

PMID- 4035104
TI  - [Surgical anatomy of resected rheumatic mitral valves].

PMID- 4035105
TI  - [Postextrasystolic potentiation after total or partial coronary occlusion in
      dogs].

PMID- 4035106
TI  - The matching of ventilation and perfusion in the lung of the Tegu lizard,
      Tupinambis nigropunctatus.
AB  - Ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) distribution was evaluated in the Tegu lizard,
      Tupinambis nigropunctatus, using the multiple inert gas elimination technique
      (MIGET) in order to define the limitations to gas exchange in the large chambered
      unicameral lung. The lizards (0.52-1.1 kg) were anesthetized with halothane and
      ventilated. Body temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C. Arterial and sinus
      venosus PO2 averaged 79.4 +/- 5.9 and 47.3 +/- 6.4 torr while breathing air and
      232.1 +/- 31 and 64.8 +/- 11.5 torr while breathing oxygen. VA/Q distributions
      were broad and right-to-left shunt averaged 21% while breathing air and 27% while
      breathing oxygen. Gas exchange was significantly impaired due to the presence of
      both shunt and VA/Q heterogeneity. The walls of the lung enclose a large axial
      air chamber. Microscopic examination revealed approximately three generations of
      septa which subdivided the wall into tubular-shaped gas-exchange chambers. Wall
      thickness averages 2.8 mm at the anterior end of the lung, 2.1 mm in the middle
      portion of the lung and 1.4 mm at the posterior end. The thickness of the blood
      air barrier (epithelial-basal lamina-endothelial cell layer) ranged from 0.35 to
      0.90 micron. Although this barrier is slightly thicker than in the mammalian lung
      (0.1-0.5 micron), it is unlikely to be a source of diffusion limitation in gas
      exchange at rest.

PMID- 4035107
TI  - Gas exchange in tidally ventilated and non-steadily perfused lung model.
AB  - We studied the effect of cyclic lung perfusion - fast cycle in synchrony with
      heart beats and slow cycle in synchrony with ventilation - on gas exchange in a
      lung model. There was almost no effect in the fast cycle. In a homogeneous single
      lung unit, arterial PO2 increased, and the (A - a)DO2 decreased (by approximately
      0.5 Torr), as the amplitude of the slow cyclic lung perfusion (TIP) increased.
      The calculated (A - a)DO2 and (a - A)DCO2 were negative. Maximal PaO2 was found
      when peak lung perfusion was delayed with respect to ventilation by 0.2 of a
      cycle. In a non-homogeneous nine-unit lung, cyclic lung perfusion caused an
      increase in PaO2 and a decrease in (A - a)DO2 by 2 Torr as compared to steady
      perfusion. No apparent negative (A - a)DO2 was found, but apparent negative (a -
      A)DCO2 was calculated at no pulmonary shunt and also with 5% shunt. The
      correlation of cyclic lung perfusion to the reduced (A - a)DO2 in dense-gas
      breathing - where large swings of pleural pressure are expected - and its effect
      on the diffusion capacity of the lung are discussed. Non-steady perfusion of the
      lung as caused by ventilatory movements expanded our understanding of gas
      exchange and shed some light on a few controversial experimental findings, such
      as the negative (a - A)DCO2, the decreased (A - a)DO2 while breathing dense gas,
      and the effects of gas density on diffusion capacity of the lung.

PMID- 4035108
TI  - Reflex partitioning of inputs from stretch receptors of bronchi and thoracic
      trachea.
AB  - A selective block of slowly adapting stretch receptors in anesthetized rabbits
      was induced by exposing to SO2 all thoracic airways (T) or the carina and bronchi
      alone (B). Increment of inspiratory time (TI) relative to control was 61% greater
      under B than T. The reverse would have happened if input responsible for Breuer
      Hering inflation reflex originated from both bronchi and trachea. Hence,
      bronchial input activates inspiratory off-switch, while tracheal input delays its
      activation. During single inspiratory efforts with airways closed at end
      expiration diaphragm activity (Adi) decreased and TI0 increased relative to
      control equally under B and T. Hence, the input facilitating central inspiratory
      activity at end expiratory volume does not stem from trachea. At end of
      inspiratory ramp Adi stopped within 43 msec at control and 57 msec under B and T.
      Hence, bronchial input speeds up off-switching of inspiration. Postinspiratory
      Adi was greater under B than T, and nearly nil at control. Hence, bronchial input
      inhibits postinspiratory Adi, while tracheal input facilitates it. Inspiratory
      and expiratory flows were more damped under B than T, and under T than at
      control.

PMID- 4035109
TI  - Effective resistance of the respiratory system studied by a quick release
      technique.
AB  - A human subject with mouthpiece in place makes inspiratory or expiratory effort
      against a closed shutter which abruptly opens when a predetermined pressure (PO)
      is developed. Pressure at the mouth (Pao) and flow (V) are continuously recorded.
      When the shutter opens, Pao changes toward atmospheric - first abruptly and then
      gradually, while V rapidly rises to a peak value (Vpeak) and then gradually
      declines. In any series of trials PO is held constant, but resistance external to
      the subject (Rext) is changed with each trial. In different series PO is varied.
      In any series of trials at constant PO the relationship between Pao and V was
      linear. The slope (K) of the straight line fitted to the experimental points was
      interpreted as being equal in magnitude to the 'effective resistance' (Reff) of
      the respiratory system. Reff has two components - a true resistance (Rint) and a
      virtual one (Rfv) related to the force-velocity characteristic of the respiratory
      muscles. On the assumption that Rint is independent of PO but that Rfv varies
      linearly with it, Rint and Rfv can be evaluated.

PMID- 4035110
TI  - Comparison of phrenic motoneuron activity in eupnea and apneusis.
AB  - Our purpose was to characterize activities of phrenic motoneurons during
      apneusis. In decerebrate, cerebellectomized, vagotomized, paralyzed and
      ventilated cats, we recorded activities of phrenic nerve and single phrenic
      fibers during eupnea and apneusis. Reversible apneusis was obtained by cooling
      the rostral pons with a fork thermode. Phrenic motoneurons were defined as
      'early' or 'late' during eupnea. Early units commenced activity before or during
      the first 20% of neural inspiration. The onset of discharge of late units
      extended throughout the rest of inspiration. In apneusis, some late units ceased
      activity entirely; others commenced activity at the end of the rising phase of
      phrenic activity or during the apneustic plateau. Early units commenced
      activities at the same time as in eupnea and generally maintained the same
      discharge frequency. Hence, the ramp phase of phrenic discharge in apneusis is
      generated largely by activities of early motoneurons. Our results imply that the
      level of bulbospinal activity impinging upon the phrenic nucleus is reduced in
      apneusis. The integration of efferent activity within the phrenic nucleus is
      discussed.

PMID- 4035111
TI  - Chemo- and baroreceptor innervation of the aortic trunk of the toad Bufo
      vulgaris.
AB  - In the toad Bufo vulgaris, afferent impulses were recorded from the fine branch
      of the vagus which terminates in the aortic trunk. Spontaneous single unit
      discharge was random. When the aorta was artificially perfused, units fired in
      response to flow change, hypoxia and hypoxia-hypercapnia of the perfusion fluid,
      and administration of NaCN or Ach. A few baroreceptor fibers fired synchronously
      with the blood pressure fluctuation. In anesthetized toads with other
      reflexogenic areas denervated, the intravenous administration of NaCN caused an
      increase in breathing and a slight elevation of blood pressure. When the nerve
      concerned was cut, these responses were abolished. Electrical stimulation of the
      nerve's central cut end brought about the same type of response as that to NaCN.
      Special cells closely resembling the glomus cells in the carotid labyrinth were
      found in the aortic wall. In amphibia, there is an aortic nerve corresponding to
      that of mammals, and the aorta is one of receptive areas predominantly
      contributing to respiratory control.

PMID- 4035112
TI  - The reliability of respiratory quotient measurements.
AB  - A graphical analysis is presented which allows the assessment of confidence in
      the measurement of the respiratory quotient in an open-circuit metabolic chamber
      as a function of an organism's metabolic rate, the chamber ventilation, the
      magnitude of the respiratory quotient and the sensitivity of the gas analyzers.

PMID- 4035113
TI  - Pores in avian eggshells: gas conductance, gas exchange and embryonic growth
      rate.
AB  - The number of pores (N) in eggshells of birds were counted in 161 species ranging
      in egg mass (W) from 0.9 to 500 g. In addition the water vapor conductance of the
      shell (G) mg X (d X Torr)-1, the water loss in the nest (M) mg X d-1, the
      incubation duration (I) d, and the shell thickness or pore length (L) micron are
      listed for each species when available. Allometric equations for all variables
      are given when regressed on egg mass. When log G is regressed on log N the slope
      is essentially 1.0 indicating that the G X N-1 for average pores in bird
      eggshells is 1.5 micrograms H2O X (d X Torr)-1 regardless of egg mass or
      incubation duration. According to Fick's law of diffusion such pores have a cross
      sectional area to pore length ratio of 0.67 micron 2 X micron-1. Further analysis
      show that N, G, M, and the rate of oxygen consumption at the pre-internal pipping
      stage, are all directly proportional to the absolute mean growth rate of embryos
      (defined as 0.67 [W/I], g X d-1). Thus, single pores of typical eggshells not
      only have a similar conductance G X N-1, but also the metabolic rate and rate of
      water loss are matched to the pore conductance so that O2, CO2 fluxes per pore at
      the pre-internal pipping stage and water vapor flux per pore are similar among
      species, namely 68, 49 and 50 microliters X d-1, respectively. The partial
      pressure differences across the shell at the same stage are 42, 40 and 27 Torr,
      respectively. Ecological as well as taxonomical variation may alter some of the
      relationships predicted for the 'typical' egg in order to conserve a typical
      overall diffusive water loss.

PMID- 4035114
TI  - The rectilinear pressure-flow relationship in the pulmonary vasculature: zones 2
      and 3.
AB  - To elucidate the significance of the rectilinear pressure-flow relationship of
      the pulmonary vasculature under zone 2 and 3 conditions, isolated left lower
      lobes of dog lungs were perfused at different flow rates under the two zone
      conditions. The lobar arterial pressure (Pa) was measured directly, whereas the
      pressures in the peripheral end of the arteries (Pa') and veins (Pv') were
      measured with the arterial and venous occlusion (AVO). We thus obtained three
      pressure-flow relationships: Pa-Q, Pa'-Q and Pv'-Q. From these relationships the
      contribution of each of the three segments (defined by the arterial and venous
      occlusion) to the slope and intercept of the Pa-Q relationship was determined. To
      a first approximation, in zone 3 the ohmic resistance was mainly in the arterial
      and venous segments, whereas the Starling resistance, although small, was equal
      in the three segments. In zone 2 (Palv = 15 mm Hg) the Starling resistance
      increased markedly in the middle segment. Because zone 3 and 2 conditions can co
      exist within the lung, a simple three-segment model to represent the pulmonary
      vasculature was inadequate to explain all the pressure-flow data and therefore
      was modified to include two parallel channels one of which contains a critical
      closing pressure (Pc). Such a model implies that two different driving pressures
      determine the total flow: in vascular channels where Pc greater than Pv (outflow
      venous pressure) flow is determined by Pa-Pc gradient, and in channels were Pc
      less than Pv flow would be determined by the Pa-Pv gradient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4035115
TI  - High frequency oscillation of the lungs alone lengthens expiration in dogs.
AB  - High frequency (15 Hz), low volume (approximately 40 ml) oscillation of the
      respiratory system lengthens expiration in anesthetized dogs even in the absence
      of changes in mean expiratory lung volume or blood gases (Banzett et al., 1983).
      Although vagotomy abolishes this response, we felt it might mask the reflex
      rather than interrupt the afferent pathway. To ascertain whether pulmonary and
      airway afferents alone are capable of evoking this reflex, we confined the
      oscillatory stimulus to the lung by widely opening the chest. The dogs were
      paralyzed but breathed 'spontaneously' by means of a solenoid valve opened and
      closed by the phrenic neurogram. End-expiratory lung volume and PCO2 were held
      constant. All eight dogs that were tested after thoracotomy lengthened expiration
      during oscillation. Although quantitative comparisons of responses before and
      after thoracotomy are not entirely reliable, we could see no consistent change in
      the strength of response with paralysis or with thoracotomy. We conclude that the
      principal afferent limb of the ventilatory reflex response to oscillation arises
      in the lungs and intrathoracic airways.

PMID- 4035116
TI  - Responses of early and late onset phrenic motoneurons to lung inflation.
AB  - In anesthetized or decerebrate cats that were paralyzed and ventilated with a
      cycle-triggered pump, we produced changes in activity of the whole phrenic nerve
      and of individual phrenic motoneurons (fibers or cells in the spinal cord) by
      withholding lung inflation during the inspiratory (I) phase. The neurons were
      classified into early- and late-onset types (discharge onset less or greater than
      80 msec, respectively, after whole phrenic onset). Both unit and whole phrenic
      activity exhibited a variety of responses to inflation (excitation, depression,
      or no effect); but there were no consistent differences between responses of
      early- and late-onset neurons. The distribution of responses was quite different
      from that of dorsal respiratory group (DRG) I neurons (Cohen and Feldman, 1984);
      in particular there was no group of phrenic neurons corresponding to the late
      onset I-beta neurons (I neurons excited by inflation). We conclude that the
      inputs to late-onset phrenic neurons are not predominantly or exclusively from
      late-onset DRG neurons.

PMID- 4035117
TI  - [Hormone determination and biopsy of the testicle in the sterile male].

PMID- 4035118
TI  - [Testicular response to human chorionic gonadotropin in infertile patients
      according to the testicular histologic pattern].

PMID- 4035119
TI  - [Generalized lupus erythematosus. Hormonal studies in patients with secondary
      amenorrhea].

PMID- 4035120
TI  - [Treatment of acute demyelinating inflammatory polyradiculoneuritis with
      megadoses of methylprednisolone. Prospective study].

PMID- 4035122
TI  - [What patients with cerebrovascular embolism of cardiac origin should be
      anticoagulated?].

PMID- 4035121
TI  - [Parasitosis in the bile ducts: Fasciola hepatica].

PMID- 4035123
TI  - [Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. A practical review].

PMID- 4035124
TI  - [Preparation of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals; quality control. Detection of
      pyrogens by the Limulus amebocyte lysate test].

PMID- 4035125
TI  - [Abnormalities of the esophageal hiatus in Sugiura's operation].

PMID- 4035126
TI  - [Morbidity and mortality of central intravenous catheters. Prospective study at
      the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran].

PMID- 4035127
TI  - [Aspergillus infection at the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador
      Zubiran. Study of 17 autopsy cases].

PMID- 4035128
TI  - [What can be expected from computers in the ORL practitioner's office?].

PMID- 4035129
TI  - [Computerized and functional studies in ORL].

PMID- 4035130
TI  - [Computer data processing of the signal].

PMID- 4035131
TI  - [From automatic data processing to telematics].

PMID- 4035132
TI  - [Cervicofacial hydatid cyst. Apropos of 9 cases].

PMID- 4035133
TI  - [Kimmerle's anomaly and vertebrobasilar insufficiency].

PMID- 4035135
TI  - Anatomical characteristics of the sinus epitympani anterior.

PMID- 4035134
TI  - [Innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle].

PMID- 4035136
TI  - Vertigo in vertebral-basilar insufficiency.

PMID- 4035137
TI  - [Evaluation of the use of the combination sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim
      ornidazole in the prevention of infections in major ORL surgery and
      otoneurosurgery (on 100 cases)].

PMID- 4035138
TI  - [Standardization of Quick's time].

PMID- 4035139
TI  - [The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer].

PMID- 4035140
TI  - [Sleep in school-age children].

PMID- 4035141
TI  - [Thyroid pathology iatrogenically induced by iodinated products].

PMID- 4035142
TI  - [Iatrogenic coagulopathies].

PMID- 4035143
TI  - [Drug-induced impotence].

PMID- 4035144
TI  - [The pitfalls of drop-attacks].

PMID- 4035145
TI  - [Chronobiology and chronopharmacology: an urgent demonstration. General
      introduction to chronobiology].

PMID- 4035147
TI  - [Chronopharmacology and chronotherapeutics].

PMID- 4035146
TI  - [Chronobiology in endocrinology].

PMID- 4035148
TI  - [Anterior transiliac bone biopsy and quantitative histomorphology of bone. Value
      in osteoarticular pathology].

PMID- 4035149
TI  - Differential sensitivity to airpuffs on human hairy and glabrous skin.
AB  - To compare the relative sensitivities of glabrous and hairy skin, we measured
      reaction times (RTs) and detectability (d') of airpuffs delivered to the hairy
      dorsum and glabrous thenar eminence of the hand of six human subjects. In
      contrast to previous studies with mechanical contact stimuli, airpuffs applied to
      hairy skin were detected with equal or greater fidelity than airpuffs tested on
      glabrous skin. Mean RTs to three simultaneously applied airpuffs were
      significantly shorter (p less than .005) on hairy skin in five of six subjects,
      and in 74% of paired sessions; no significant difference in mean RTs was observed
      in 16% of the sessions. The superiority of hairy skin was less evident, however,
      when single airpuffs were tested, as significantly shorter responses were
      observed on only 45% of the paired sessions, and nearly identical responses on
      38% of the sessions. Detectability of airpuffs (d'), which is independent of the
      value of RTs, was identical on hairy and glabrous skin at high airpuff
      intensities (1,600 dyn), and superior (n = 4) or equal (n = 2) on hairy skin with
      low airpuff intensities (800 dyn). Spatial summation was more pronounced on hairy
      than on glabrous skin. Three simultaneously presented airpuffs produced
      significantly shorter RTs than one airpuff in 85% of the paired sessions on hairy
      skin, but on only half of the sessions on glabrous skin. The spatial distribution
      of stimulus force was less important on hairy skin, as three low-intensity
      airpuffs produced the same or shorter RTs than one high-intensity airpuff. By
      contrast, on glabrous skin, detectability was significantly better when force was
      concentrated at a single point (1 X 1,600 dyn) than when diffused over a wide
      skin area (3 X 800 dyn). The enhanced sensitivity of hairy skin to airpuffs
      appears partially attributable to hair motion in the airstream. After hair
      removal by chemical depilation, detectability of airpuffs was reduced on hairy
      skin to a level equal to or below that on glabrous skin. Spatial summation on the
      depilated skin corresponded to that observed on the intact hairy skin, indicating
      that depilation did not abolish intensity discrimination, but rather lowered the
      overall sensitivity of hairy skin. These results show that hair follicle units
      form a very sensitive detection mechanism on hairy skin of the human hand,
      similar to that provided by Meissner's and Pacinian afferents in glabrous skin.
      These findings with airpuffs provide the first example of a tactile stimulus that
      is less effective for mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin than in hairy
      skin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4035150
TI  - The primate as a model for the human temperature-sensing system: 1. Adapting
      temperature and intensity of thermal stimuli.
AB  - The thermal sensitivity of three humans and two rhesus monkeys was measured
      behaviorally, using the "yes-no" paradigm of the Theory of Signal Detection. The
      aim was to evaluate the monkey's thermal-sensing system as a model for that of
      humans. Three of the principal variables of human thermal sensations--rate of the
      temperature change, area of stimulation, and site of stimulation--were held
      constant. The other three variables--adapting skin temperature (AT), intensity,
      and direction of the temperature change--were varied systematically. Systematic
      differences between species were not evident for warming or cooling stimuli.
      Isodetectability curves (d'e = 1) for small cooling stimuli plotted as a function
      of the AT were isomorphic, and the points for the human and monkey subjects were
      frequently superimposed. Isodetectability curves for warming stimuli, on the
      other hand, had similar shapes for ATs between 33 degrees and 40 degrees C, but
      the points for the different subjects were not superimposed. At ATs below 30
      degrees C, one of the two humans in the warming series and the two monkeys
      continued to show similarly shaped curves, but the other human was markedly
      different. Qualitative descriptions of the thermal sensations obtained during
      threshold measurements of human subjects, reported previously, suggest that this
      unusual subject probably adopted a criterion qualitatively different from that
      used by the other subjects. The data presented here and in combination with
      previously published work from this laboratory (Kenshalo, 1970) suggest that
      thermal stimuli produce similar sensations in rhesus monkeys and humans, and that
      the neural systems responsible for coding AT and temperature change in the two
      species are fundamentally similar.

PMID- 4035151
TI  - The primate as a model for the human temperature-sensing system: 2. Area of skin
      receiving thermal stimulation (spatial summation).
AB  - The thermal sensitivities of three humans and one monkey were measured using the
      "yes-no" paradigm based on the Theory of Signal Detection. The aim was to
      evaluate the monkey's thermal-sensing system as a model for that of humans. Three
      of the principal variables of human thermal sensations--the temperature to which
      the skin was adapted, the rate of temperature change, and the site of application
      of the thermal stimuli--were held constant. The other three variables--area of
      stimulation, intensity, and direction of the temperature change--were varied
      systematically. All four subjects displayed spatial summation for both warming
      and cooling. Isodetectability curves (d'e = 1) to small temperature changes, both
      for humans and for the monkey, could reasonably be fitted by the function I =
      kappa A-b, where I is stimulus intensity, A is the area of stimulation, and b is
      the rate at which spatial summation occurred. The rate of summation, b, to
      warming stimuli for the humans ranged from 0.60 to 1.14, while that for the
      monkey was 0.14. The rate of summation to cooling stimuli for the humans ranged
      from 0.50 to 0.87, while that for the monkey was 0.43. The main species
      difference was that summation on the monkey palm all but ceased for both warming
      and cooling stimuli applied to areas larger than 4 cm2. Data from the human
      subjects did not demonstrate an upper limit of spatial summation. However, there
      was an indication that the human subjects would show a ceiling for spatial
      summation near the largest area tested in this study. Thus, when considering the
      spatial extent of a thermal stimulus and its influence upon thermal sensations,
      it may be more appropriate to compare areas relative to body size, rather than
      absolute values.

PMID- 4035152
TI  - Response of ventrobasal thalamic neurons activated by dorsal and dorsolateral
      funiculi: an intracellular study.
AB  - Intracellular responses to stimulation of the dorsal column (DC) and dorsolateral
      funiculus (DLF) were recorded in cells of the thalamic ventrobasal complex (VB)
      in anesthetized cats, with the dorsal funiculi either intact or isolated. The
      responsiveness of VB neurons was tested using graded stimulation, paired-shock,
      and interaction techniques. Of the 60 VB neurons thoroughly studied, 50 responded
      to stimulation of the DC with excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) followed
      by inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs); half of these 50 neurons responded
      to stimulation of the DLF with the same pattern, whereas no IPSPs could be
      elicited in the remaining neurons. The majority of EPSPs could be fractionated
      into unitary components during graded electrical stimulation. The number of such
      components observed was greater after DLF than after DC stimulation. In most
      neurons, the DLF-evoked EPSPs were smaller in amplitude than the DC-evoked EPSPs.
      Paired-shock stimulation facilitated the DLF excitatory responses. The amplitude
      of IPSPs induced by DLF stimulation was significantly smaller than that evoked by
      DC stimulation, and DC stimulation reduced the excitatory response to subsequent
      DLF stimulation. The data support the known dominance of the DC pathway in the
      cat.

PMID- 4035153
TI  - [Indications and contraindications for anesthesia in ambulatory surgery].

PMID- 4035154
TI  - [Orthopedics and ambulatory surgery].

PMID- 4035156
TI  - [Ambulatory proctological surgery].

PMID- 4035155
TI  - [Ambulatory surgery in hand surgery].

PMID- 4035157
TI  - [Ambulatory surgery in urology].

PMID- 4035158
TI  - [Ambulatory surgery in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 4035159
TI  - [Ambulatory maxillofacial surgery].

PMID- 4035160
TI  - [Dry chemistry in medical practice. Possibilities and problems].

PMID- 4035161
TI  - [Collective psychoses].

PMID- 4035162
TI  - [How do various occupational groups perceive epileptics?].

PMID- 4035163
TI  - [Tenoxicam in the treatment of arthroses].

PMID- 4035164
TI  - [Productive cough].

PMID- 4035165
TI  - [Lesions of the upper ankle joint].

PMID- 4035166
TI  - [Anatomy of the ankle joint].

PMID- 4035167
TI  - [Circulation disorders in the ankle region].

PMID- 4035168
TI  - [PNF--proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation].

PMID- 4035169
TI  - [Anatomic correlates of cerebral dominance].

PMID- 4035170
TI  - [The role of the upper limb in the evolution of the species and in the human
      stakes].

PMID- 4035171
TI  - [The blood pressure profile. A new method of confirmed value].

PMID- 4035172
TI  - [Psychiatric problems in aeronautic medicine].

PMID- 4035173
TI  - [Ethical problems in neonatology].

PMID- 4035174
TI  - [Atypical manifestations of aneurysm of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 4035175
TI  - [The place of the dietary questionnaire in the patient's medical history].

PMID- 4035176
TI  - The omentum in malignant diseases.
AB  - The technique and applications of omentoplasty are reviewed from the point of
      view of the surgical oncologist, with particular emphasis on the use of the
      omentum in gastrointestinal anastomoses, covering peritoneal defects or radical
      intra-abdominal operations for neoplastic disease, urological complications,
      breast cancer, abdominal and chest wall resections, the prevention of arterial
      graft erosions, and the treatment of lymphoedema and chemotherapeutic burns.
      Complications are discussed as well as future prospects.

PMID- 4035178
TI  - Radical hysterectomy for cancer of the uterine cervix.
AB  - A recent modification of radical hysterectomy for cancer of the uterine cervix is
      described in detail. This modification of the Okabayashi operation has shown
      improved reliability and safety. Because of the extensive resection of supporting
      ligaments and loose connective tissue, bleeding may be induced and a wide
      operation field is necessary to prevent injury to the pelvic viscera.

PMID- 4035177
TI  - Surgery of esophageal carcinoma.
AB  - The experience of surgical treatment in 1,874 patients with carcinoma of the
      esophagus seen at the Cancer Institute and Hospital of the Chinese Academy of
      Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, between 1958 and 1982, is
      reported. Despite the prevalence of this malignancy in this part of China, only
      3% of the patients in this series had stage I disease, while 80% of the patients
      had either stage III or stage IV disease with extraesophageal tumor invasion and
      regional or distant metastases. Of the entire series there was an overall
      resectability rate of 83.9%, being 77.6% between 1958 and 1969 and 89.0% between
      1970 and 1982. Among the 1,572 resections of the entire series, there were 66
      deaths within 30 days of operation, for a resection mortality rate of 4.2%, being
      4.9% between 1958 and 1969 and 3.7% between 1970 and 1982. Anastomotic leakage
      occurred in 67 cases of the 1,572 resections, for an incidence of 4.3%. Of the 67
      cases with anastomotic leaks, 38 recovered after intensive treatment; the
      remaining 29 died eventually of the complication, giving a death rate of 43.3%.
      Pathologic studies of the 1,572 specimens showed lymph node metastasis in 46.1%
      of the cases. It is obvious that practically all the unresectable cases showed
      more extensive lymph node involvement at operation, although fixation of the
      tumor with severe invasion to the surrounding organs usually constituted the
      chief cause of unresectability. The postresection long-term survivals as
      calculated by the number of resections at 5, 10, and 15 years were 30.2%
      (390/1293), 22.4% (196/876), and 18.9% (112/594), respectively. Over one-third,
      or 36.8%, of the 1,874 patients in the present series were treated with a
      combination therapy of preoperative irradiation and surgery. The results in the
      group of 408 selective patients and those in the group of 83 randomized patients
      with midthoracic esophageal carcinomas were gratifying. In the latter group there
      was a resectability rate of 95.2%, a resection mortality rate of 3.8%, an
      incidence of intrathoracic anastomotic leakage of 0%, and a 5-year survival rate
      of 45.5%, as compared to 89.6%, 4.3%, 1.7%, and 25%, respectively, in the control
      group treated by surgery alone. From these findings it is concluded that
      preoperative irradiation as an adjunct can promote both the immediate and long
      term results of surgery for carcinoma of the esophagus. Recent advances in the
      surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus may change the pessimistic
      philosophy for this malignancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4035179
TI  - Summary report of worldwide antibiotic resistance: international task forces on
      antibiotic use.

PMID- 4035180
TI  - Retrospective commentary on the bacterial endocarditis study.

PMID- 4035181
TI  - [Glucosephosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and hemotherapy in Brazil].

PMID- 4035182
TI  - [Myectomy of the arytenoid in bilateral paralysis in adduction of the vocal
      cords: microsurgical technic by endoscopic approach].

PMID- 4035183
TI  - [Evaluation of 100 radiographs in a medical department of a plant in Greater Sao
      Paulo].

PMID- 4035184
TI  - [Actinic pneumonitis: not to be confused with tuberculosis].

PMID- 4035185
TI  - [Dicephalus dipus dibrachius].

PMID- 4035187
TI  - [Pruritus vulvae].
AB  - Vulvogenital pruritus is due to infectious, dystrophic or dermatological causes.
      Diagnoses of "senile" or "psychogenic" pruritus do not obviate the need for
      regular surveillance. Treatment is easy if the cause is duly recognised. It is
      more difficult in essential forms and the authors describe the principles and
      methods of symptomatic treatment.

PMID- 4035186
TI  - [Thoracic trauma: a rare etiology of total atrioventricular block].

PMID- 4035188
TI  - [Functional hyperprolactinemia].
AB  - Treatment remains the same whether there is true idiopathic hyperprolactinemia or
      microadenomas too small to be detectable by methods of investigation.
      Bromocriptine has an antitumoral effect and treatment can often be stopped after
      the disappearance of a microadenoma or even of a larger adenoma. "Cure" of
      idiopathic hyperprolactinemia is rarer.

PMID- 4035190
TI  - [In vitro fertilization or surgery in the treatment of tubal sterility].
AB  - Although it is very difficult to compare the results of the two methods, it would
      seem that those of tubal surgery remain more or less stationary whilst those of
      fertilisation in vitro improve and the technique becomes more simple.

PMID- 4035189
TI  - [Dynamic tests for monitoring fetal cardiac rhythm].
AB  - The oxytocic test was compared in 354 cases of "high risk" pregnancy with the
      simple recording of fetal heart rate. When the tracing of the simple recording
      was normal, the oxytocic test revealed a frankly pathological tracing in only 2.5
      p. cent of cases. By contrast, if there were abnormal signs in the simple record,
      the oxytocic test was pathological in only 18.8 p. cent of cases. The test has
      only a relative value, as indicated by analyses of modes of labor and of the
      state of the child at birth.

PMID- 4035191
TI  - [Treatment of dysplasias and cancers of the cervix. In defense of and
      illustration of the conization procedure using a cold scalpel under local
      anesthesia with hospitalization for a day].
AB  - A series of 143 cone biopsies performed for carcinoma in situ between October
      1st, 1981 and July 31st, 1984 is described. Complications were rare: reoperation
      in 1.5 per cent of cases. "Oncological" results were good. There were few
      failures: 3.5 per cent of cases. Examination of the operative specimen revealed
      occult invasive carcinomas: 12.3 per cent of cases. It was also used to identify
      patients with a "high risk of recurrence", those in whom the resection had not
      passed through "healthy" tissue: 28.0 per cent of cases. Performed under local
      anaesthetic using a cold scalpel and with day hospitalisation, the operation is
      easy and inexpensive (1 309.71 francs).

PMID- 4035192
TI  - [Hormonal dependence and hormonal therapy of cancers of the endometrium and
      breast].
AB  - After briefly reviewing in outline the role and biochemistry of hormonal
      receptors, the author draws a number of logical conclusions concerning hormone
      treatment of carcinomas of the breast and of the endometrium.

PMID- 4035193
TI  - [Repeated spontaneous abortion].
AB  - This review of the causes of recurrent spontaneous abortion is combined with a
      statistical evaluation of the frequency of abortion and of the probability of
      abortion according to the way in which previous pregnancies have ended.

PMID- 4035194
TI  - [Fate of infants weighting less than 1,500 grams].
AB  - Between 1981 and 1983, 251 premature infants with a birth weight of less than 1
      500 grams were admitted to the Neonatal Pathology Unit of the E. Herriot hospital
      (malformations excluded). Forty two (17%) died during the neonatal period. These
      premature births resulted essentially from pathological pregnancies: multiple
      pregnancies (1/5 cases), renal pathology (1/3 cases), placental abnormalities
      (10%) and fetoplacental infections (10%). In half of all cases delivery was by
      cesarian section, indicated in 85% of cases because of acute or chronic fetal
      distress. These premature infants suffered from respiratory (including 40%
      hyaline membrane disease), neurological (abnormal cerebral echotomography with
      dilatation or intracranial haemorrhage in 35% of cases), infectious (6%) and
      digestive (6% necrosing enterocolitis) pathology. Of the 208 surviving children,
      12 (i.e. 6% of the survivors) had major sequelae (with follow-up of one year or
      more).

PMID- 4035195
TI  - [Management of molar pregnancy. Diagnosis of choriocarcinomas and invasive
      moles].
AB  - The management of a molar pregnancy is envisaged on the basis of experience
      involving the evacuation and surveillance of a mole in 109 cases. A pathological
      and cytogenetic distinction is drawn between perivillous hyperplasia (102 cases)
      and embryonic mole or triploid syndrome (7 cases). The diagnosis of
      choriocarcinoma (20 cases) and of invasive moles (28 cases) is envisaged on the
      basis of a series including 59 cases of abnormal post-molar or post-partum
      course. The diagnosis may be approached by pelvic arteriography and the Ishizuka
      severity scale. A diagnosis is important in the selection of appropriate
      treatment: clinical surveillance for simple delayed involution, single drug
      chemotherapy for invasive moles and polychemotherapy after thorough radiological
      and echotomographic assessment for choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 4035196
TI  - [Round table: Adjuvant treatment in stage I and II cancers of the breast].

PMID- 4035197
TI  - [Larger amounts of copper correspond to greater contraceptive effectiveness.
      Experiments with the ML Cu 375, the IUD with the highest copper content].

PMID- 4035198
TI  - [Comparison of two skin antiseptics in blood transfusion. Comparison with the
      results of the bacteriologic control of labile blood products].
AB  - The comparison of two skin antiseptics (70 degrees alcohol and 0,5% alcoholic
      chlorhexidine solution) was carried out by the method of in vivo impressions. The
      study used 45 healthy volonteers from whom a bacteriological sample was taken
      from both bends of the elbow, without use of an antiseptic, and after the
      application of one according to usual sample taking methods. The subjects were
      divided into two sets according to the antiseptic being tested. The results of
      the cultures after 24 and 48 hours are expressed in the number of germs per cm2,
      which thus permits us to calculate a reduction in percentage or log 10 form, and
      to appreciate the efficiency of the antiseptic studied. Routine bacteriological
      inspection of labile blood products was carried out on products picked at random
      every week during 18 months of exclusive use of 70 degrees alcohol by the sample
      taking services. The results show a comparable in vivo effectiveness of the two
      antiseptics on the superficial aerobic flora of the bend of the elbow, and the
      ease of use of 70 degrees alcohol has led to its choice. This choice is
      confronted with the results of the inspection of blood products: out of 1 293
      inspections, only one slight contamination (cocci gram+) was found on a unit of
      whole blood. These data as a whole can be compared with the work of various
      authors.

PMID- 4035200
TI  - [Limulus test using a chromogenic method: application to the control of pyrogens
      in blood derivatives].
AB  - We report here the application of the LAL Test to a chromogenic substrate to
      detect endotoxins in Human Blood Products. In order to reduce the cost, we used a
      microplate procedure with the Multiskan Reader. Quantitative results in the range
      of 0,01 to 0,1 ng/ml allowed for a good correlation with the Rabbit Pyrogen test.
      For 20% albumins and 4% albumins, the mean endotoxins levels of non pyrogenic
      lots were 0,38 +/- 0,18 and 0,09 +/- 0,03 ng/ml. All the lots which passed the
      Rabbit Pyrogen test had endotoxins levels lower than 1 ng/ml and 0,2 ng/ml,
      respectively. We can use this test for other plasma derivatives; Gammaglobulines
      and PPSB are easily tested. Dried Concentrated Antihemophilic Factor and Dried
      plasma contain citrate which inhibits the reaction. Dilution and Addition of
      Calcium Chloride overcome this inhibition. For dried plasma, we should destroy
      plasma inhibitors by heating at 75 degrees C. This sensitive and reproductible in
      vitro assay improves the control of pyrogenecity in Human Blood Products.

PMID- 4035199
TI  - [Prevalence of hepatitis B viral markers in Vietnamese blood donors].
AB  - Serum samples were assayed using radioimmunoassay in 573 Vietnamese blood donors
      living in Hanoi (North Viet Nam). 66 (11.5%) subjects were HBsAg-positive. Of
      these 66 HBsAg carriers, 17 (25,8%) were positive for hepatitis B e antigen
      (HBeAg) and 43 (65.1%) for antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe). 22 (3.8%) subjects were
      positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) alone. 402 (70.2%)
      subjects were positive for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). This anti-HBs percentage
      increased with age. Only 83 (14.5%) subjects were negative for all hepatitis B
      viral (HBV) markers. This no HBV markers percentage decreased with age. The chi 2
      test showed a non significant difference for frequencies of HBsAg, anti-HBc
      alone, anti-HBs but a significant one for frequencies of no HBV markers in men
      and women.

PMID- 4035201
TI  - [Automated maintenance of a central file of blood donors].
AB  - Data processing of medical information gathered by the physician working in the
      mobile unit, has been optimized and automatized. Thanks to the simultaneous use
      of an optical mark reader and a lightpen it is possible to achieve a quick data
      entry without a manual keyboard as soon as the mobile blood units bring back the
      samples. The donnors' medical cards which accompany each blood sample are
      transmitted from the mobile unit to the laboratory for better test accuracy. This
      simple system, operating since October 1984, has proven its reliability and
      efficiency.

PMID- 4035202
TI  - Cell mediated immune response in canine antirabies vaccination.

PMID- 4035203
TI  - [Epidemiological study among Indian groups of Rondonia. I--Pyoderma and
      asymptomatic carriers of Staphylococcus sp. in the mouth and nose among Surui and
      Karitiana Indians].

PMID- 4035204
TI  - [Natural infection of Ptychophallus tristani (Crustacea: Decapoda) by
      metacercariae of Paragonimus mexicanus (Trematoda) in Tabarcia de Mora, Costa
      Rica].

PMID- 4035205
TI  - [An attempt to eradicate hymenolepiasis in a semi-closed community using
      praziquantel].

PMID- 4035206
TI  - [Therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel and morphological changes in Hymenolepis
      nana eggs after its administration in 2 dosage schedules].

PMID- 4035208
TI  - [Susceptibility of Biomphalaria tenagophila hybrids to the LE (BH) strain of
      Schistosoma mansoni].

PMID- 4035207
TI  - [Fatal pulmonary infection caused by Lagochilascaris sp., probably
      Lagochilascaris minor Leiper, 1909].

PMID- 4035209
TI  - [Blood viscosity: an original method for the study of low values of the shear
      rate].
AB  - A method for studying blood viscosity at low shear rates (from 4 x 10(-2) to 7 x
      10(1) sec-1), i.e. in the shear range in which higher is the influence of shear
      rate on viscosity, was developed. Blood viscosity is expressed by the two
      regression coefficients of a power regression, according to the function: eta = a
      . Db where eta is viscosity. D is the shear rate, a and b are the two regression
      coefficients, which are independent of the shear rate. We found that the
      regression power was highly significant in a wide hematocrit range. Practically,
      this work deals with the possibility of application to the blood of the Ostwald
      formula for pseudoplastic flow behavior. We found significant correlations
      between the two regression coefficients and hematocrit and plasma viscosity, so
      correcting by calculation the two regression coefficients for standard hematocrit
      and standard plasma viscosity. This method is simple and can easily be
      automatically driven by a computer.

PMID- 4035210
TI  - [Significance of the rheological properties of blood in peripheral vascular
      pathology].
AB  - The rationale of the hemorheologic approach to the pathophysiological knowledge
      and to the treatment of obstructive arterial diseases of the limbs is discussed
      in this paper. Indeed, the hemodynamic concepts are the natural frame in which
      the hemorheologic phenomena have to be considered. Proceeding from this
      background, it seems evident that the viscosity of blood and its major
      determinants have a limited role in the regulation of blood flow and pressure
      gradient through a stenotic artery. On the contrary, viscosity factors are of
      outstanding significance in the regulation of blood flow in the microcirculation,
      especially in presence of a reduced perfusion pressure and of exhausted
      arteriolar vasodilation capacity. Consequently, therapeutic measures capable of
      modifying one or more viscosity determinants may improve blood flow in the
      microcirculation of territories related to a stenotic artery. Baseline
      alterations of viscosity or viscosity determinants may be found in patients with
      obstructive arterial disease, being classified as primary, associated or
      secondary to arterial obstruction and ischemic damage. However, the presence of
      such baseline changes is not relevant to the indication of hemorheologic
      treatments.

PMID- 4035211
TI  - [Hemorheological changes during exercise].
AB  - It is now necessary to study the macro- and microcirculatory modifications of the
      organism following the stress. We have devoted our attention to the
      hemorheological parameters, which have been evaluated in a group of ten sedentary
      subjects, of fourteen athletes under twenty years of age, and of ten subjects
      whose age was over thirty, who carry on physical unbroken performance. We have
      evaluated the modifications of total blood viscosity and of red blood cell
      deformability after an ergometric test. Our results show that the hemorheological
      pattern gets worse after strenuous muscular exercise; moreover, the advancing age
      gets worse the hyperviscosity response. The pathophysiological mechanism which
      causes the hemorheological disorder is yet unknown, so it is clear the importance
      of studying the hemorheological balance in order to clarify the pathophysiology
      of stressed muscular function.

PMID- 4035212
TI  - [Changes in hemorheological parameters during physical exertion in coronary
      disease patients].
AB  - Blood viscosity and filtrability have been studied in 7 patients with ischemic
      heart disease and in 9 control subjects before and after maximal stress test on
      cycloergometer. The diagnosis of ischemic heart disease has been previously
      established on the basis of the clinical history, abnormal stress test or
      coronary arteriography. No significant differences were observed, at rest, in the
      two groups. On the contrary, after stress test blood filtrability resulted
      significantly reduced in ischemic patients when compared to controls. Blood
      viscosity resulted substantially unchanged in both groups. Our data may suggest
      the existence of an alteration in blood filtrability during stress test with a
      possible pathogenetic role.

PMID- 4035213
TI  - [Evaluation of blood viscosity and erythrocyte filterability in chronic ischemic
      heart disease].
AB  - In 40 patients suffering from chronic ischemic heart disease (16 with history of
      myocardial infarction, 10 with unstable angina and 14 with stable angina) and in
      an equal number of sex-and age-matched control subjects, we have determined
      plasma and blood viscosity according to RAND et al. using a Wells-Brookfield
      Micro-Viscometer, shear rate 230 sec-1, and red cell filterability according to
      REID et al. Significant differences were found in patients suffering from
      ischemic heart disease, in comparison with the control group, for blood viscosity
      (p less than 0.01), plasma viscosity (p less than 0.001) and red cell
      filterability (p less than 0.001). The changes of hemorheological parameters in
      ischemic heart disease, especially in patients suffering from unstable angina and
      in those with history of myocardial infarction, point to the opportunity of a
      pharmacological treatment aiming at improving the district microcirculation.

PMID- 4035214
TI  - [Effect of hemorheology in the post-operative period].
AB  - Very important hemorheological changes characterize the early post-operative
      period. This research, performed on a group of 10 patients who underwent aorto
      ilio-femoral revascularization, enables us to observe that these changes are
      present also in vascular surgery. In fact, plasma fibrinogen, red cells
      aggregation and deformability, whole blood viscosity, already modified in the pre
      operative period in patients with peripheral arteriopathy, resulted significantly
      impaired on the 2nd and 6th day after the operation. Such changes must be
      considered in order to avoid ischemic consequences on microcirculation, the
      possible onset of deep vein thrombosis as well as an impairment of the prognosis
      of vascular operations (early and late reobliteration), and in order to perform
      an adequate and prophylactic corrective treatment.

PMID- 4035215
TI  - [Evaluation of principal risk factors, hemorheological and blood coagulation
      characteristics in arteriosclerosis obliterans in the elderly].
AB  - The main risk factors, whole blood filterability, platelet function tests and
      blood coagulation tests have been evaluated in 68 non-diabetic patients with
      atherosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs (stages II and III of Fontaine
      classification), 34 of geriatric age and 34 of middle age, and in 44 healthy
      controls of middle age. No different prevalence of risk factors has been found
      among vasculopathic patients of both ages; platelet function tests and blood
      coagulation tests are overlapping in the two groups of vasculopathic patients,
      but they are altered in comparison to healthy controls, whereas whole blood
      filterability is decreased in both groups of atherosclerotic patients, but mostly
      in elderly subjects, in whom a therapeutic approach with hemorheological drugs
      seems more suitable.

PMID- 4035216
TI  - [The role of erythrocyte deformability in the prolonged bleeding time in liver
      disease patients].
AB  - Hematocrit (Ht), red cell deformability (RCD) determined using a filtration
      method and bleeding time (BT) have been studied in 28 patients with severe
      chronic liver disease. Our results show a decrease of Ht (p less than 0.001), RCD
      (p less than 0.05) and a prolongation of BT (p less than 0.001) not related to
      the platelet count. Moreover, inverse relationships between Ht and BT (r = -0.52;
      p less than 0.01) and between RCD and BT (r = -0.54; p less than 0.01) have been
      found. We conclude that hemorheological alterations, such as decreased Ht and
      RCD, play an important role in primary hemostasis of patients with chronic liver
      disease.

PMID- 4035217
TI  - [Potentials and limitations of viscometry in hemorheological studies].
AB  - The problems of viscometric studies are discussed in depth on the basis of the
      most recent advances in hemorheology. We present here our contribution to the
      solution of numerous methodological problems. Particular emphasis was set on the
      problem of optimization and standardization of viscometric techniques for the
      study of erythrocyte deformation and aggregation.

PMID- 4035218
TI  - [The hemorheological laboratory in clinical medicine: the value and limitations
      of its methods].
AB  - Hemorheology has been a part of clinical research since precise parameters were
      determined for the study of flow properties of the blood. A laboratory for
      clinical hemorheology is nowadays equipped with a variety of instruments, ranging
      from highly sophisticated to very simple ones, to be used for the measurement of
      blood viscosity and its main components. The extremely precise viscometers now
      available for this purpose allow us to take measurements at different shear-rates
      and can function with small volumes at controlled temperature. The study of blood
      viscosity goes along with that of its main determinants. Among these there are to
      be reckoned plasma and serum viscosity, with its main components, i.e. proteins
      and fibrinogen, and also corpuscular viscosity, i.e. hematocrit and leukocrit.
      Special consideration is deserved by the methods attempting to evaluate the
      deformability and the aggregability of the erythrocytes which are, at present,
      matters of great interest. As far as the deformability of the erythrocytes is
      concerned, it is to be pointed out how different is the concept of deformability
      from that of filterability, and how methods directed to the study of the whole
      blood differ in their significance from those concerning washed red cells.
      Furthermore, it is to be emphasized that every method has its own questionable
      points. This is the case also of the methods studying the aggregability of the
      erythrocytes, a very complex phenomenon which for the time being seems quite
      difficult to evaluate.

PMID- 4035219
TI  - [Effects of reduction of blood viscosity at constant hematocrit on the cerebral
      blood flow].
AB  - It is well established that cerebral blood flow (CBF) is low in patients with
      high hematocrit and is high in anemic patients. An inverse relationship between
      CBF and hematocrit has been found. Furthermore, if hematocrit is reduced, CBF
      increases. There is some debate as to whether these observations are due to
      viscosity or to oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. In order to further
      elucidate this problem, CBF, blood viscosity and hematocrit were measured in 4
      patients with paraproteinemias before and after paraproteins had been removed by
      plasmapheresis without changes in hematocrit. After plasmapheresis, blood
      viscosity significantly decreases and CBF increases by a mean of 24.4 ml/100
      g/min. Mean arterial blood pressure and hematocrit were not influenced by
      plasmapheresis. These results indicate that blood viscosity is an important
      factor in determining CBF. This does not exclude the role of oxygen transport as
      an associated factor, but it is evident that oxygen transport and blood viscosity
      are independent variables in the control of CBF.

PMID- 4035220
TI  - [Significance of hemorheological parameters within the framework of chronic brain
      disease].
AB  - Blood filtration and viscosity were investigated in 32 patients with severe
      mental deterioration classified on the basis of standard criteria. The group
      included 17 patients with 'vascular' and 15 with 'cellular' pathogenesis. The
      results of the study were compared with the data from a large series of 'normal'
      subjects. Reduced erythrocyte filtration was observed in 70.5% of the patients
      with vascular pathogenesis and in only 6.6% of those with degenerative
      conditions. The data on blood viscosity showed less connection between
      pathological conditions and hemorheological alterations. It is suggested that
      hemorheological alterations might contribute to the pathogenesis of certain
      clinical forms of chronic cerebropathy. It is therefore proposed that
      hemorheological tests should be included among the diagnostic procedures applied
      to such patients and might also be used in order to establish the appropriate
      treatment.

PMID- 4035221
TI  - [Hemorheological parameters in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease].
AB  - Blood filtration, hematocrit and fibrinogenemia have been evaluated in 80
      patients with cerebrovascular ischemic disease and in 60 control subjects. We
      compared the results between patients and controls and between patients with and
      without risk factors. The filtration time of all patients and that of patients
      without risk factors resulted significantly higher than that of controls. The
      possible pathogenetic implications of our results are discussed.

PMID- 4035222
TI  - [Hemorheological aspects of diabetic retinopathy].
AB  - Among the various factors which contribute to the onset of diabetic retinopathy,
      modifications both in the retinal vessel walls and the circulating blood volume
      have been recognized. It cannot be excluded that the indicated hemorheologic
      alterations and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy are independent
      manifestations, both of them secondary to the metabolic imbalance and not
      correlated as cause and effect. Nevertheless, the possibility to modify through
      drugs and an appropriate metabolic control the probably altered hemorheologic
      situation in diabetes mellitus certainly represents the aim to pursue in order to
      reduce the severity of diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 4035223
TI  - [Hemorheological changes in retinal vein occlusions].
AB  - Some hemorheological factors were studied in 34 patients affected by retinal vein
      occlusion (RVO) and in 25 healthy control subjects. Whole blood viscosity, plasma
      viscosity, fibrinogen and hematocrit were increased in RVO patients compared with
      controls. Erythrocyte filterability was reduced in RVO patients compared with
      controls. However, when evaluating the type of capillaropathy at fluorescein
      angiography, blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were altered both in patients
      with and without evidence of capillary non-perfusion. Reduction of red cell
      filterability showed statistical significance only in patients with capillary non
      perfusion. This finding suggests that reduced erythrocyte filterability might be
      a causal factor in the development of capillary non-perfusion in RVO patients.

PMID- 4035224
TI  - [Lipid composition and fluidity of the erythrocyte membrane in the elderly].
AB  - The authors, continuing their studies on hemorheological aspects (blood and
      plasma viscosity and erythrocyte filtration) and blood flow in the aged, have
      also studied lipids and fluidity in erythrocyte membrane in aged subjects
      compared to a group of young control subjects. Such studies underlined a
      significant rise in plasma and blood viscosity, a decrease of erythrocyte
      filtration and significant alterations in lipid components and membrane fluidity.
      The results suggest a correlation between the decreased erythrocyte deformability
      observed during human aging and the decreased fluidity of the erythrocyte
      membrane.

PMID- 4035225
TI  - [Hemorheological changes induced by uremia. Effects of hemodialysis].
AB  - Fifteen patients affected by chronic uremia and treated with hemodialysis were
      studied. The main hemorheological parameters were evaluated in basal conditions
      and after hemodialytic therapy and were correlated with some hematochemical
      indices. Although some limitations to the purpose of this study derive from the
      heparinization of the blood during hemodialysis, the results of this study
      demonstrate that erythrocyte filtration does not significantly change during the
      hemodialytic therapy. The only hemorheological parameter altered in the uremic
      patient is represented by plasma viscosity; this is probably due to the increase
      of fibrinogenemia in these patients.

PMID- 4035226
TI  - [Hemodilution, defibrinogenation and plasmapheresis in hemorheology].
AB  - Blood and plasma viscosity can be influenced by various therapeutic procedures:
      among these, that of hemodilution stands out. This can be hypovolemic,
      normovolemic or hypervolemic; it is hypovolemic if blood subtraction is not
      followed by a liquid reintroduction, it is normovolemic or hypervolemic if there
      is a liquid reintroduction of the same or higher quantity than the subtracted
      blood mass. This method has been considered very favorably by surgery in order to
      save blood for transfusions. Hypervolemic hemodilution can also be carried out
      without blood subtraction; a report on this method shows good clinical results
      and positive hematochemical and hemodynamic effects obtained on 93 peripheral
      vasculopathic patients at stages III and IV of the Fontaine classification.
      Plasmapheresis, which would be best called plasma-exchange, consists in the
      removal of that part of the patient's plasma containing abnormal proteins, immune
      complexes or toxins, and in its substitution by other colloids or crystalloids.
      Defibrinogenation is not much employed in Italy, as the most effective drugs,
      such as ancrod and batroxobin are not available in this country. The good results
      reported were transitory, due to the rapid appearance of antibodies which can
      inhibit the effects of these drugs. Nevertheless, there also exist minor
      fibrinogenolytic drugs.

PMID- 4035227
TI  - [Effect of sulodexide on hemorheological parameters in a group of patients with
      peripheral arteriosclerotic vascular disease].
AB  - The aim of this study was the evaluation of some hemorheological and metabolic
      parameters in a group of patients affected by peripheral artery disease treated
      with sulodexide. A double-blind with cross-over treatment was used. The results
      demonstrate that sulodexide reduces blood viscosity and triglyceride levels. This
      action may have a role in order to modify clinical symptoms and evolution of
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4035228
TI  - [Flunarizine in the treatment of arteriopathies of the legs].
AB  - Flunarizine, a long-acting calcium antagonist, was studied in patients with
      peripheral vascular disease in order to assess its effects on blood viscosity,
      erythrocyte deformability, platelet activity and some clinical parameters. A
      randomized double-blind study was performed; all patients were given a standard
      diet, invited to abstain from smoking and to carry out a regular daily exercise
      (walking). After a 2-month run-in period the patients were divided into two
      groups: one was treated with flunarizine 10 mg/day and the other with placebo.
      The group treated with flunarizine presented marked and significant reduction of
      erythrocyte filtration time and blood viscosity and an improvement of the
      treadmill-free interval with a correlation between the parameters considered.

PMID- 4035229
TI  - [LDL-apheresis in the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia].
AB  - Several non-pharmacological treatments have been tested for homozygous familial
      hypercholesterolemia and, among these, plasma-exchange has been the most safe and
      effective. A recent development of this procedure is LDL-apheresis, that is the
      selective removal of atherogenic LDL and the return to the patient of his own LDL
      depleted plasma. The method is based on the flowing of hypercholesterolemic
      plasma on sepharose columns with bound anti-LDL antibodies.

PMID- 4035230
TI  - [Assay of erythrocyte ATP by chemoluminescence. Protective action induced by
      pentoxifylline on the depletion of energy from stored erythrocytes].
AB  - A new method to measure erythrocyte ATP levels is used. The authors have
      incubated 6 whole blood samples and 7 samples containing washed red blood cells
      for 6 h. They measured ATP levels and confirmed an important decrease of the
      values during the time. If the same samples were incubated with pentoxifylline
      (1.4 X 10(-4) M), the ATP decrease was less relevant.

PMID- 4035231
TI  - [Erythrocyte deformability: critical evaluation of the study methods].
AB  - The rheological behavior of red cells in macrocirculation and in capillaries is
      briefly described. The following methods measuring red cell deformability are
      critically evaluated: a. degree of red cell 'packing' after centrifugation; b.
      single erythrocyte passage through microchannels (micropipette technique,
      rigidometer); c. filtration techniques of washed red cells; d.
      polymicroviscosimetry (paper filtration, filtrometer) and viscosimetry
      (ektacytometer). It is considered the adequacy of each method in assessing the
      different factors responsible for the variations of red cell deformability
      (internal viscosity, surface area/volume ratio, viscoelastic properties of the
      membrane.

PMID- 4035233
TI  - [A multicenter study on blood filterability in normal subjects and patients with
      ischemic vascular disease and diabetes mellitus (preliminary results). Italian
      Society of Hemorheology Clinical Study Groups].

PMID- 4035232
TI  - [Pentoxifylline and arterial hypertension in diabetes mellitus: long-term results
      in randomized groups].
AB  - This follow-up study concerns the use of pentoxifylline (PTX) as antihypertensive
      drug in randomized diabetic groups. A significant reduction of systolic and
      diastolic arterial blood pressure has been obtained in diabetic patients treated
      with PTX alone or with PTX associated to conventional antihypertensive therapy.
      The normalization of arterial blood pressure was associated to an improvement of
      erythrocyte filterability and to a reduction of proteinuria. Therefore,
      pentoxifylline can be considered a good pharmacological approach in the treatment
      of diabetic hypertension and in the prevention of diabetic renal disease.

PMID- 4035234
TI  - [Comparison of methods for determining erythrocyte deformability].
AB  - We have studied the erythrocyte deformability by means of the filtration
      technique proposed by Reid et al. and with the new technique proposed by Schmid
      Schonbein et al. using a Filtrometer MF4. We have studied 50 healthy subjects (24
      females and 26 males) aged 25-61 (mean age 34 years). Our results show that slope
      80% (SL80) and minimal value (MV) represent the more reliable indexes given by
      Filtrometer MF4. This instrument gives an exhaustive and automated analysis of
      erythrocyte deformability. Its results allow us a more extensive knowledge of
      hemorheological behavior of red blood cells in very low flow conditions.

PMID- 4035235
TI  - [Blood filterability at various filtration pressures: a study conducted on normal
      and diabetic subjects].
AB  - Using the Reid et al. technique we have evaluated the blood cellular volume (VBC:
      ml/min) obtained by changing the negative filtration pressure. From the obtained
      data it is evident that at the three different filtration pressure values (-20, 
      15 and -10 cm of H2O) the VBC does not distinguish normal from diabetic subjects.
      Only at the negative pressure of 20 cm of water did the VBC distinguish
      diabetics, who were subdivided by type and vascular complications. We have also
      evaluated the relationship between the values of VBC calculated at the pressures
      of -20 and -10 cm of water. From this study it emerged that the relationship
      between the two values present in normals is not different from that present in
      diabetics and in diabetics subdivided by type and vascular complications.

PMID- 4035236
TI  - Occupational nasal cancer caused by nickel and nickel compounds.

PMID- 4035237
TI  - Epidemiology of occupational nasal cancer and other occupational nasal problems
      caused by wood dust.

PMID- 4035238
TI  - Histopathology of the nasal mucosa in furniture workers.

PMID- 4035239
TI  - Effects of wood dust exposure and diethylnitrosamine in an animal experimental
      system.

PMID- 4035240
TI  - Nasal mucosa changes after exposure to dicumylperoxide.

PMID- 4035241
TI  - Influence of vapours on the nasal mucosa among industry workers.

PMID- 4035242
TI  - Formaldehyde.

PMID- 4035243
TI  - Human nasal mucosa reaction during chilling of the feet.
AB  - As rhinostereometry, an optical measurement method, allows meticulous studies of
      changes in nasal mucosa congestion, the mucosal reaction in eight healthy
      volunteers was studied with this technique before, during and after 20 minutes'
      chilling of the feet in cold water. In five volunteers there were no observable
      mucosal reactions. In three volunteers the mucosal congestion changed but not
      uniformly, and not in such a way that the change could be explained as an effect
      of chilling of the feet. In four volunteers there was a clearly observable
      increased nasal secretion. This gives a possible explanation of the increased
      nasal breathing resistance observed in similar studies using rhinomanometry as
      the measuring method.

PMID- 4035245
TI  - Comparison of different coefficients and units in rhinomanometry.
AB  - The total information of a rhinomanometric measurement is given by the
      simultaneous registration of flow and pressure during respiration. For
      characterization of such a measuring curve different methods and units are used.
      Since no normalized procedure exists up to now, it is difficult to compare
      measurements of different authors. In this work the relation between various
      procedures is discussed and methods are given for converting different
      quantities. The units of the International System are discussed.

PMID- 4035244
TI  - The mechanisms of systemic symptoms following nasal administration of allergens.
AB  - A nasal provocation test was performed by consecutively placing allergen discs on
      the nasal mucosa of patients with pollinosis. This brought easily the systemic
      symptoms such as cough, periorbital oedema, and urticaria. Similarly, the nasal
      administration of large doses of the allergen induced a change in the respiratory
      response in sensitized guinea pigs. These results indicate that nasal mucosa
      absorbs a high molecular substance such as allergens.

PMID- 4035246
TI  - Rhinitis leprosary.

PMID- 4035247
TI  - Occupational allergic rhinitis.

PMID- 4035248
TI  - Industrial nasal problems.

PMID- 4035250
TI  - Terminological confusion in evolutionary thought.

PMID- 4035249
TI  - Localizing genes on human chromosomes. Somatic cell genetics: 30 years later.

PMID- 4035251
TI  - The Year of Hunger. Cultural conditions and adaptation to famine.

PMID- 4035252
TI  - [The concept of law in biology. II. Scientific law and determinism].

PMID- 4035253
TI  - Dithiocarbamate induced teratogenesis in frog embryo.

PMID- 4035254
TI  - [Sleep disorders in growing children. Cross-sectional study of 643 healthy
      subjects].
AB  - The existence of sleep disorders was investigated in 643 healthy children of ages
      ranging from 3 to 14 years, resident in Latina, city of the central part of
      Italy.

PMID- 4035255
TI  - [Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Observations in 11 cases].
AB  - The authors report 11 cases of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, a painful ophthalmoplegia
      due to an aspecific, benign, steroid-responsive inflammation of the cavernous
      sinus. Other causes of painful ophthalmoplegia, diagnostic findings and
      etiological hypothesis are discussed.

PMID- 4035256
TI  - [New proposals for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Preliminary study].
AB  - The authors carried out therapeutic preliminary trial on 8 Multiple Sclerosis
      patients traited by Azathioprine and corticosteroids in alternated administration
      during a period of 8-24 months. Treatment was efficacious in all examined
      subjects and tolerance was very good. The authors discuss upon the use of long
      term immunosoppressive therapy in the different clinic types of multiple
      sclerosis.

PMID- 4035257
TI  - [Post-traumatic hydrocephalus].
AB  - Post-traumatic hydrocephalus is a complication of cranio-cerebral injuries and
      can manifest itself through different clinical syndromes. These include
      obtunding, a tetrad composed of psychomotory delay, memory loss, motility
      disturbances and sphincter incompetence, and unusual symptoms which comprehend
      emotional disturbances. Intracranial pressure monitoring, lombo-ventricular
      infusion test, in addition to neuroradiologic exams, are necessary in order to
      decide wether or not to derivate a post-traumatic hydrocephalus; neuropsychologic
      tests complete these investigational methods. The post-traumatic hydrocephalus
      bearer patient's recovery is always problematic when an important parenchimal
      damage exists. When a NPH (normal pressure hydrocephalus) is found the shunting
      operation is always indicated. However it is difficult to take a decision when
      the patient has a normal liquoral pressure but is too wounded to show a NPH or
      when he has an atypical clinical feature.

PMID- 4035258
TI  - [Epidemiology of the neurologic manifestations of alcoholism. Preliminary study
      in Lombardy].
AB  - Epidemiologic data concerning frequency and distribution of alcoholism in
      widespread geographic areas in Italy as well as in other countries, are missing.
      The aim of this research is the evaluation, of global admissions in general
      public hospitals of Lombardy, during the year 1976, concerning all patients
      suffering neurologic complications from alcoholism. The neurologic annual ratio
      of alcoholic complications (N.A.I.A.C.) calculated for Lombardy is 247/100.000
      people. The N.A.I.A.C. is a useful descriptive epidemiologic estimation for many
      statistical pourposes. The present study is introductive and is going to
      fulfilment and control in the next future.

PMID- 4035259
TI  - [Anatomo-functional organization of human movement].
AB  - The authors analyze both anatomical and physiological aspects of human movement
      in the light of biological evolution of the nervous system.

PMID- 4035260
TI  - Early stages of nodular transformation of the B6C3F1 mouse liver induced by
      choline deficiency.
AB  - The B6C3F1 strain of mice is prone to develop liver nodules as animals grow
      older. This spontaneous tumor development is enhanced by dietary lipotrope
      deficiency. The present studies were performed to evaluate the liver of the
      B6C3F1 mice in early periods of lipotrope deficiency and before the nodules
      appear. Mice were fed high levels of dietary fat (cotton seed oil or beef fat)
      without choline or vitamin B12. The livers of these mice were compared with those
      of mice subjected to partial hepatectomy or dietary phenobarbital both of which
      enhance liver nodule formation. The ability of putative preneoplastic hepatocytes
      to exclude parenteral-administered iron was used to detect this eventual
      phenotype. A lipotrope-deficient condition was established which typically
      exhibited fatty liver and increased cell proliferation, the latter measured by
      autoradiography. In the time periods evaluated the lipotrope-devoid diets were
      not sufficient to induce nodular or putative preneoplastic lesions. An
      excessively high activity of p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase and a single small
      fatty nodule were obtained when phenobarbital was added to the lipotrope
      deficient diet. Scattered eosinophilic hepatocytes were seen in every
      experimental group when the histologic slides were stained for iron pigments, but
      their biologic significance in the present experiments could not be established.
      Under the conditions of this study, the liver of the B6C3F1 strain of mouse
      exhibited only minor indications of future tumor development.

PMID- 4035261
TI  - Morphologic changes in the gastric mucosa of rats and dogs treated with an analog
      of prostaglandin E1.
AB  - American Cyanamid compound CL 115,574, a synthetic analog of prostaglandin E1, is
      active orally in inhibiting gastric acid secretion and in protecting against
      gastric ulcers induced by stress, ethanol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs. CL 115,574 was administered to rats for 6 months and to dogs for 1 year.
      Diarrhea occurred in both species and transient hyperthermia was observed in
      dogs. In rats, the only gross finding related to treatment was limited to the
      gastric mucosa and consisted of a dose-related widening of the cuticular ridge in
      the mid (2 mg/kg/day) and high (20 mg/kg/day) dose groups. Microscopically, there
      was a proliferation of the cuticular ridge stratified squamous epithelium.
      Morphologic findings in the dogs showed a multifocal proliferation of the
      foveolar epithelium in the pyloric antrum. Neither species had atypical cellular
      changes associated with the proliferative process. Furthermore, the changes in
      the dog consisted of well differentiated cells and occurred without
      pseudostratification of cells and increased mitotic activity. The
      "pseudoproliferative" character of these changes may be the result of a prolonged
      life span of most cell types of the gastric mucosa. These tissue adaptations
      reflect a true manifestation of the cytoprotective effect of prostaglandin E1 on
      the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 4035262
TI  - Neoplasia induced in male rats fed lead acetate, ethyl urea, and sodium nitrite.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 26, or 2600 ppm lead as lead acetate in
      drinking water for 76 weeks. At 28 weeks of lead exposure, a portion of each
      group was exposed simultaneously to 6.36 g/kg ethyl urea (EU) and 2.0 g/kg sodium
      nitrite (NaNO2) for a duration of 20 weeks, and then continued an additional 28
      weeks on standard diet free of EU and NaNO2. The animals were observed for
      incidence, latency, and distribution of tumors. Rats exposed to 2600 ppm lead
      alone had 81% renal tumors, while rats given 2600 ppm lead in combination with
      EU/NaNO2 had a 50% incidence. Renal tumors did not occur in the EU/NaNO2 only or
      EU/NaNO2-26 ppm lead groups. The major tumor type found in EU/NaNO2-exposed rats
      was lymphosarcoma. Lead did not appear to be syncarcinogenic to the activity of
      ethylnitrosourea, the carcinogen formed by oral exposure to EU and NaNO2. The
      lead-induced renal neoplasms were histologically similar to those which occur
      spontaneously in man and, therefore, may serve as an animal model to study human
      disease.

PMID- 4035263
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities of computer tomography in spinal and paraspinal space
      occupying lesions].
AB  - Characteristic CT findings of intramedullary, intradural and epidural as well as
      of vertebragenic and paraspinal tumours are described, basing on literature and
      on the authors patient material. The value of CT is discussed and compared with
      that of other imaging modalities. Attention is also drawn to the value of i.v.
      application of contrast medium and of primary or secondary CT myelography.

PMID- 4035264
TI  - The clinical value of computerized axial tomography in patients without focal
      neurological features.
AB  - 74 randomly selected patients with non-focal cerebral symptoms and a normal
      neurologic examination were referred from neurologic departments to CT scan of
      the brain. 29 patients had generalised epilepsy of long duration. In 26 patients
      (90%) with epilepsy the CT scan was normal. 2 patients (7%) had cerebral atrophy,
      1 (3%) showed porencephaly (?) 41 (91%) of the patients without epileptic
      features had a normal CT scan. 4 (9%) presented cerebral atrophy. In this survey,
      CT scanning did not contribute to a focal diagnosis in patients with diffuse
      cerebral features.

PMID- 4035265
TI  - [Bolus geometry in various central and peripheral contrast medium applications:
      study with serial CT using non-ionic contrast media].
AB  - Measurements of concentration in 27 patients with a calibrated Serio-CT yielded
      for the intravasal contrast medium bolus maximum a value of approx. 23 mg I/ml
      for the a. carotis with central injection and approx. 14 mg I/ml for the a.
      iliaca with peripheral injection. 7 invasive measurements were performed at the
      bifurcation of the aorta, yielding a value of 12.5 mg I/ml with peripheral
      injection. In all these cases, 40 ml nonionic contrast medium (Iohexol) with an
      iodine content of 350 mg I/ml were applied. The average bolus half-life was 9.5
      sec. measured at the carotid artery, 11.5 sec. at the a. iliaca, and 7 sec. at
      the bifurcation of the aorta. Differences in bolus geometry were not seen on
      comparing arterial injection with cava superior injection; likewise, there were
      no differences between peripheral injections at various speeds. Animal
      experiments reported in literature show that these observations can be mainly
      ascribed to vascular dilatation in the minor circulation produced by the contrast
      medium.

PMID- 4035266
TI  - [Reduction of patient dose with maximum assurance of image quality].
AB  - Four methods of reducing the patient dose are reviewed. Without doubt, the
      patient dose can be considerably reduced by relatively simple means: With rare
      earth screens by a factor of 2-4 compared with a CaWO4 universal screen (1 mR)
      and in some cases by a factor of 1.5-2 with prefiltration. A more complicated and
      expensive method is the 100 mm spotfilm technique. This permits a dose rate
      reduction by a factor of 10 compared with a CaWO4 universal screen or by a factor
      of 5 compared with a universal system with rare-earth screens. In the wide
      ranging field of digital radiography, the possibilities of dose reductions by
      means of digital processing of conventional film screen exposures are
      investigated.

PMID- 4035267
TI  - [Diagnosis of a colonic lipoma with computer tomography].
AB  - This report describes the case history of a woman with a large submucosal tumor
      in the ascending colon detected by barium enema radiography. Computed tomography
      (CT) identified the tumor as a submucosal lipoma characterised by its homogeneous
      fat-equivalent density with a CT number of -95 HU. This case proves that CT can
      be a definite diagnostic modality for differentiation between gastrointestinal
      lipomas and other solid or cystic tumors.

PMID- 4035268
TI  - Histopathological data on six cases of hypothyroidism accompanying muscular
      chronic disease.
AB  - This study was carried out on 6 patients with myxedema that showed major muscular
      alterations. Light and electron microscopic examinations of the striated muscle
      structure revealed myxedematous myopathy lesions. Considering the existence of
      several hypotheses regarding the pathogeny of muscular alterations, the authors
      discuss the likelihood of a myogenic syndrome induced by an immunity deficit in
      hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4035269
TI  - Investigation of thermic transition and renaturation of high polymerized DNA
      extracted from thyroid nodule.
AB  - The study was carried out on 16 cases of mixed thyroid hypertrophy in which total
      or partial thyroidectomy was performed. Fragments collected intraoperatively from
      the thyroid nodule were used for extraction of high polymerized DNA. At the same
      time with quantitative evaluation of DNA, RNA and proteins were also assayed. The
      thermic transition mean temperature of the DNA extracted from the thyroid nodule
      is compared to other standards (DNA-HP-standard, calf thymus DNA, normal
      leukocytic DNA) and the thermic transition curves are presented. Hyperchromicity
      after thermic denaturation and renaturation is analysed and expressed in per cent
      values.

PMID- 4035270
TI  - 47,XXX/48,XXXX in a retarded three year old girl with multiple somatic anomalies.
AB  - A 3-year old girl with 47,XXX/48,XXXX caryotype is presented. She suffers from
      psychomotor retardation, dolichocephaly, malformed ears, "a false air of trisomy
      21", malformation of the legs, obesity. The authors discuss briefly the available
      data on the triplo and tetra X phenotype and syndromes.

PMID- 4035271
TI  - [Induction and transplantability of ferridextran tumors in inbred strains of
      Rattus norvegicus].

PMID- 4035273
TI  - [The present status and perspectives in the diagnosis of tumors using
      microwaves].

PMID- 4035272
TI  - [Properties and excretion of Bromsulfan labeled with 131I].

PMID- 4035274
TI  - [The significance of determining the daily blood glucose profile for the
      evaluation of compensation in diabetes].

PMID- 4035275
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnosis of
      congenital cystic dilatations in the biliary system].

PMID- 4035276
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnosis of cystic
      duct stumps after cholecystectomy and concurrent bile duct lithiasis].

PMID- 4035277
TI  - Analysis of vanillylmandelic and homovanillic acids in urine using solid phase
      sample preparation and high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection.
AB  - A rapid, simple and specific method for quantification of vanillylmandelic acid
      (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in urine is described. The method is suitable
      for routine use and may include other organic acids in human urine.

PMID- 4035279
TI  - A method for the quantification of cartilage proteoglycan structures liberated to
      the synovial fluid during developing degenerative joint disease.
AB  - An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the quantification of proteoglycans or
      proteoglycan fragments in biological fluids is presented. The assay has been used
      to determine concentrations of articular cartilage proteoglycans and/or fragments
      thereof in synovial fluid in early stages of osteoarthrosis. Osteoarthrosis was
      induced in one knee joint of nine German wire haired pointers by transection of
      the anterior cruciate ligament. All dogs developed osteoarthrosis in terms of
      macroscopic as well as microscopic criteria. Attempts were made to aspirate
      synovial fluid, prior to surgery and at various times in the postoperative
      period, from the joint operated on as well as from the contralateral joint.
      Concentrations of proteoglycans (fragments) of one type of aggregating
      proteoglycan were significantly higher in the synovial fluid samples from the
      joint operated on compared to the contralateral joint (p less than 0.001), while
      the difference observed when the other type of aggregating proteoglycan was used
      as the test antigen was less significant (p less than 0.05). The concentration of
      proteoglycans (fragments) in synovial fluid samples from joints operated on was
      significantly higher after the operation when compared with the preoperative
      concentration (p less than 0.001). No correction has been made for the increased
      dilution due to hydrops of the joints operated on.

PMID- 4035278
TI  - Abnormal conjugated dopamine levels in patients with normoprolactinaemic
      amenorrhoea and in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
AB  - We determined the circulating dopamine levels in 17 patients with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), of whom eight had amenorrhoea (DM-AM) and
      nine were normally menstruating (DM). Seven non-diabetic women with
      normoprolactinaemic, normogonadotrophic secondary amenorrhoea (AM) and nine
      normally menstruating women (controls) were studied. In all subjects basal blood
      concentrations of free dopamine (f-DA), conjugated dopamine (c-DA), epinephrine
      (E), norepinephrine (NE), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) and oestradiol-17 beta were determined and all
      subjects, except for three AM patients, had a Metoclopramide test performed for
      measurements of f-DA, c-DA, PRL, LH and TSH. Plasma c-DA was significantly (p
      less than 0.05) increased in patients with amenorrhoea compared to the respective
      control groups. In diabetic patients c-DA levels were significantly (p less than
      0.05) lower compared to controls. The ratio between basal f-DA and c-DA
      concentrations was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in diabetic patients
      compared with non-diabetic patients. After Metoclopramide stimulation DM-AM
      patients showed a significant (p less than 0.05) rise in c-DA, whereas this was
      not seen in other groups. DM-AM patients had significantly (p less than 0.05)
      lower basal PRL and LH levels than DM patients and controls. In addition DM-AM
      patients had a significantly (p less than 0.05) lower PRL response to
      Metoclopramide compared with DM patients. There were no significant correlations
      between catecholamines and basal as well as Metoclopramide stimulated pituitary
      hormones. This study suggests that the abnormal pituitary hormone secretion in
      patients with amenorrhoea may in part be caused by an increased dopaminergic
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4035280
TI  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in the diagnosis of cerebrotendinous
      xanthomatosis.
AB  - Urine from a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) was extracted with
      a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and the extract was analysed by fast atom bombardment
      mass spectrometry. The spectra indicated the presence of glucuronidated bile
      alcohols with four to seven hydroxyl groups. The method is simple and rapid and
      is suggested as an aid in the diagnosis of CTX with possible application to
      prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 4035281
TI  - Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline during mental stress and isometric exercise
      in man. The role of arterial sampling.
AB  - Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured in arterial blood and in
      forearm venous blood during isometric exercise and during a mental stress test.
      In both conditions arterial plasma adrenaline increased significantly, whereas
      arterial plasma noradrenaline remained unchanged. During isometric exercise the
      increase in plasma adrenaline was greater in venous blood from the exercising arm
      than from the resting arm. The extraction of adrenaline in the forearm was
      greater in the resting than in the exercising arm. Venous plasma noradrenaline
      showed a rebound phenomenon after isometric exercise and tended to decrease
      during the mental stress test. The results indicate that it is preferable to
      measure arterial concentrations of adrenaline as an indicator of sympathoadrenal
      activity rather than venous concentrations since the extraction of adrenaline in
      forearm might not be constant. It is suggested that a selective increase in
      arterial plasma adrenaline as opposed to an increase in both plasma adrenaline
      and noradrenaline may indicate a selective increase in sympathoadrenal activity
      in visceral organs.

PMID- 4035282
TI  - The predictive value of bronchial histamine challenge in the diagnosis of
      bronchial asthma.
AB  - A prospective survey aiming to study the predictive value of bronchial histamine
      challenge was performed on 151 patients with a forced expiratory volume1 (FEV1)
      above 60% of predicted. According to variations in peak expiratory flow rate
      (PEFR) and medical history the patients were classified as asthmatics (n = 97) or
      non-asthmatics (n = 54). The diagnostic properties of the challenge were
      calculated using the statement of Baye. Considering PC20 values below 4.00 mg/ml
      as positive, the predictive value of a positive test was about 0.80 and the
      predictive value of a negative about 0.76. When PC20 was below 0.125 mg/ml the
      predictive value of a positive test was 1.00, but an increase in PC20 in the
      range from 4.00 to 16 mg/ml did not increase the predictive value of a negative
      test. In this study the prevalence of asthma was about 0.6. We therefore conclude
      that bronchial histamine challenge is a valuable test for detection and exclusion
      of bronchial asthma, when the prevalence of the disease is high. In populations
      with a lower frequency of bronchial asthma the diagnostic value of a positive
      bronchial challenge will be negligible.

PMID- 4035283
TI  - An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measurement of human serum
      thyroglobulin. Evaluation of the influence of thyroglobulin auto-antibodies.
AB  - The aim of the study was to develop an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
      for measuring thyroglobulin (Tg) in human serum and to evaluate the influence of
      serum thyroglobulin auto-antibodies (TgAb) on the ELISA. The sensitivity of the
      ELISA was 2.1 micrograms/l. Serum Tg levels in healthy controls were from less
      than 2.1 to 55.5 micrograms/l (n = 46) (95% reference range). With serum Tg
      concentrations between 19.6 to 90 micrograms/l the within-assay coefficient of
      variation (CV) was from 4.5 to 6.6% (n = 12) and the between-assay CV from 8.5 to
      10.5% (n = 6). The recovery from 20 to 89 micrograms Tg/l serum was from 93 to
      101%. There was significant correlation between serum Tg concentrations measured
      by the ELISA and a RIA method in healthy controls (r = 0.85, n = 46, p less than
      0.001) and in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (r = 0.97, n = 28, p
      less than 0.001). The TgAb interfered with the serum Tg determination both in the
      ELISA and in the RIA method. The assay is simple and easy to perform, and the
      equipment is inexpensive and useful for large-scale serum Tg measurements as an
      alternative to RIA.

PMID- 4035284
TI  - A simplified method for estimating mean values of multiple specimens.
AB  - Determination of the correct average content of a constituent in multiple
      specimens requires measurements of concentration and volume of each specimen. We
      have evaluated a simplified method by which the mean content is estimated from
      one concentration determination and the total volume of the specimens. The
      greatest possible deviation from the correct mean value can be estimated, and is
      shown in diagrams. It is demonstrated that a simplified method can often be used
      with little loss of accuracy. The method is exemplified by measurements of lipid
      and biliary acids in faeces from healthy subjects and from patients with Crohn's
      disease.

PMID- 4035285
TI  - Crohn's disease. Diagnostic procedures and problems.
AB  - Two hundred and fourteen patients with Crohn's disease (CD) were investigated by
      radiological methods, endoscopy, and histological examinations of multiple biopsy
      and surgical specimens. Radiological lesions suggestive of CD were found in all
      patients with small-bowel disease but in less than half of those with large-bowel
      CD. Endoscopic findings were conclusive in 36% of patients with small-bowel
      disease, in 91% of those with small- and large-bowel disease, and in 86% of those
      with CD of the large bowel. Histological examinations of biopsy specimens were
      conclusive in less than one third of the patients. Histological examination of
      operative specimens, however, was conclusive in 90-100% of all patients. In 43
      patients initially diagnosed as having ulcerative colitis, abdominal pain was
      less frequent, but diarrhea and visible blood were more frequent as initial
      symptoms. Of these patients, 21 had combined small- and large-bowel disease at
      the end of the observation time. In intestinal CD, multiple biopsy specimens may
      disclose Crohn-specific lesions even in endoscopically normal mucosa at a
      distance from visible lesions.

PMID- 4035286
TI  - Crohn's disease. Clinical manifestations.
AB  - Two hundred and fourteen patients with Crohn's disease (CD) consecutively
      admitted during a 5-year period were observed for a mean of 9 years (range, 0-35
      years). Sixty-five per cent had their initial symptoms between 10 and 30 years of
      age and 9.2% after the age of 50 years. The CD diagnosis was delayed for more
      than 10 years in 8% (mean, 4.5; range, 0-31 years). Large-bowel involvement was
      seen in 82.5% and was the only localization of the disease in a fourth of the
      patients. Recurrent abdominal pain occurred in two-thirds of patients with ileal
      or ileocolic disease. Acute abdominal pain was the cause of laparotomy in 14% of
      the patients with ileocolic CD. Diarrhea and rectal bleeding occurred
      significantly more often in colonic CD, whereas fistula complicated ileocolic
      disease more often than isolated involvement of small or large bowel. Associated
      extraintestinal diseases were seen in 117 patients (55%), most frequently related
      to colonic involvement (joint disease, 21%; eye, 12%, skin, 8%). Of 26 patients
      (12%) with liver pathology, 10 patients had amyloid deposits. Amyloidosis was
      diagnosed in altogether 12 patients (6%).

PMID- 4035287
TI  - Epidemiology of polyps in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Histological examination
      of resected polyps.
AB  - In an endoscopic screening study of rectosigmoidal polyps in a defined normal
      population aged 50-59 years, polyps 5 mm or larger in diameter were removed by
      diathermic snare resection for histological examination. Histological examination
      was possible in 50 of 55 polyps removed during colonoscopy from 27 men and 17
      women. Of these polyps 41 (82%) were adenomas--12 with moderate dysplasia, 1 with
      severe dysplasia, and 2 with intramucosal carcinoma. In addition, a small
      ulcerating carcinoma, Dukes stage A, was found. A greater extent of dysplasia was
      found in rectosigmoidal adenomas in women, whereas more polyps were found in both
      distal and proximal parts of the colon among men. The size of adenomas and degree
      of dysplasia were unrelated to color of the lesions.

PMID- 4035288
TI  - The serum 14C-triolein/3H-oleic acid assimilation test for differential diagnosis
      of maldigestion and malabsorption.
AB  - In 125 consecutive patients the measurement of serum radioactivities after
      simultaneous ingestion of 14C-triolein and 3H-oleic acid was investigated as a
      test of lipid assimilation. The sum of the 2-h and 4-h concentrations of 14C in
      serum (se(2 + 4)14C) was most useful as an index of lipid assimilation, and the 2
      h serum 3H/14C ratio (se-3H/14C) reflected lipid digestion. Normal values were
      se(2 + 4)14C greater than or equal to 1.0% of the dose ingested per litre serum
      and se-3H/14C less than 1.3. Se(2 + 4)14C correlated significantly with faecal
      fat (r = -0.56, P less than 0.001) and indicated malassimilation in 26 of the 50
      patients with a faecal fat excretion greater than 7 g/day. False-negative values
      appeared mainly in the patients with moderate steatorrhoea and gastrointestinal
      anastomoses. Only one false-positive se(2 + 4)14C value was found. Se-3H/14C was
      abnormal in 24 of the 34 patients with maldigestion with 2 false-positive
      results. When the results of se(2 + 4)14C and se-3H/14C were combined, the
      predictive value of the test result 'normal lipid assimilation' was 0.75, that of
      the test result 'maldigestion' was 0.93, and that of 'malabsorption' was 0.71. It
      is concluded that the serum 14C-triolein/3H-oleic acid assimilation test is
      convenient and inexpensive and may be useful when quantitative faecal collections
      are not available.

PMID- 4035289
TI  - Liver retinoids and retinol esterification in fetal and pregnant rats at term.
AB  - Retinol esterification in fetal rats and their mothers at term was studied in
      liver microsomes. The esterification rate was 0.28 +/- 0.05 nmol ester formed per
      milligram protein per minute, a value somewhat lower than that found in their
      mothers (0.44 +/- 0.11). The fetuses had significant amounts of liver retinoids.
      Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the retinoid store
      consisted mainly of retinyl ester both in fetal and adult rat livers, but the
      fetal livers had higher percentages of free retinol and retinyl oleate than the
      adult livers. The presence of retinol esterification and a retinyl ester store in
      fetal rat liver at term is in accordance with the view that retinol brought to
      liver on retinol-binding protein can be taken up and retained there.

PMID- 4035290
TI  - Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue. IX. Dose-dependent, gluten-induced
      lymphoid infiltration of coeliac jejunal epithelium.
AB  - Jejunal biopsy specimens from coeliac patients who had received small, oral doses
      (100-1500 mg) of a peptic-tryptic gluten digest were analysed by morphometric
      methods. An increase in the total number of surface epithelial lymphocytes,
      maximal at 12 h after challenge, was dose-dependent, the mean percentage rise at
      this time being 53% (p less than 0.005), 44% (p = 0.01), and 25% (p greater than
      0.05) with 1500, 1000, and 500 mg of gluten digest, respectively. This effect was
      not accompanied by any increased mitotic activity or blast transformation among
      the infiltrating lymphocytes, nor was there any demonstrable alteration in
      mucosal structure-that is, reduction in surface or increase in crypt epithelial
      volumes. The results of this controlled morphometric analysis indicate that oral
      gluten challenge causes an increase in the lymphocyte population of surface
      epithelium in coeliac disease but that this effect does not necessarily result in
      mucosal damage.

PMID- 4035291
TI  - Glycoprotein secretion from mouse gallbladder principal cells after chronic
      variation in parasympathetic activity. A morphometric study after vagotomy and
      cholinergic superstimulation.
AB  - Principal cells of mouse gallbladder epithelium were subjected to quantitative
      electron microscopic investigation either after superstimulation with pilocarpine
      for 12 days or 6 weeks after vagotomy at different levels. Cholinergic
      superstimulation caused a slight hypertrophy of the principal cells, whereas
      different types of vagotomy induced hypotrophic changes. In the superstimulated
      animals there was decreased sensitivity to single-dose stimulation with
      pilocarpine. In contrast, a supersensitivity was recorded in mice subjected to
      vagotomy. It is concluded that the parasympathetic nervous system is of
      importance for the regulation of glycoprotein secretion from mouse gallbladder
      principal cells. The demonstrated vagotomy-induced super-sensitivity may be
      responsible for an increased glycoprotein release, which in turn may be involved
      in the formation of gallstones occurring after truncal vagotomy in man.

PMID- 4035292
TI  - Pancreatic enzyme synthesis in pancreatic disease.
AB  - In a prospective evaluation of patients suspected of having chronic pancreatitis,
      synthesis of pancreatic enzymes was measured by means of the incorporation of
      selenium-75-labelled methionine into the proteins of duodenal aspirate during
      stimulation of pancreatic secretion with secretin (1 CU X kg-1 X h-1) plus
      cholecystokinin (CCK) (1 IDU X kg-1 X h-1). The rate of pancreatic enzyme
      synthesis was increased in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Measurement of
      pancreatic enzyme synthesis was more sensitive in the detection of chronic
      pancreatitis than either the bicarbonate or the trypsin secretory response to
      secretin plus CCK. A combination of the bicarbonate secretory response with
      measurement of the rate of enzyme synthesis provided a positive predictive power
      of 100% when both tests were abnormal and a negative predictive power of 100%
      when both tests were normal, so that the combined test can be recommended both
      for excluding and confirming the presence of chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 4035293
TI  - Mineral-metabolic side effects of low-dose antacids.
AB  - Mineral-metabolic side effects of a low dose of a conventional Al-Mg antacid were
      examined in 10 healthy volunteers, who were given one antacid tablet after the 3
      main meals and at bedtime (buffering capacity, 120 mmol/day) for 4 weeks.
      Compared with the pre-medication state, the following changes of statistical
      significance occurred during antacid ingestion: increase in urinary excretion of
      magnesium, calcium, and aluminum; decrease in urinary excretion of phosphate;
      increase in maximal renal phosphate reabsorption (Tm PO4/GFR); and increase in
      serum concentration of aluminum. Most of the changes were normalized 3-4 days
      after cessation of antacid medication. There was no change in intestinal
      absorption of calcium. The fact that even this low dose of antacids can provoke
      measurable changes in mineral metabolism, including aluminum absorption, is
      noteworthy, although we did not see any clinical symptoms from the biochemical
      changes.

PMID- 4035294
TI  - The effect of ranitidine on the absorption of food cobalamins.
AB  - The effect of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine on the absorption
      of food cobalamins was investigated in 20 healthy volunteers randomized to
      treatment with ranitidine or placebo for 1 week. Liver homogenates containing
      cobalamins labelled in vivo with cobalt-57 was obtained by repeated injections of
      57Co-labelled cyanocobalamin in rabbits. Test doses (0.37 nmol) of the 57Co
      labelled liver cobalamins were administered orally together with 51CrCl3 and
      carmine red, and the absorption of 57Co-labelled cobalamins was assessed from the
      ratio of the two isotopes in the stool collection that had been coloured by the
      carmine red. There was no significant difference in the mean absorption before
      (47.4%) and after (50.7%) the treatment.

PMID- 4035295
TI  - Mandibular osteomas in colorectal cancer.
AB  - Orthopantomography of the mandible was carried out on 50 patients with colorectal
      cancer without known familial disposition. Twelve patients (24%) had osteomas, as
      against 5% in the control group (P less than 0.001). Since an increased
      occurrence of mandibular osteomas has earlier been demonstrated in cases of
      familial polyposis coli and the family cancer syndrome, we must conclude that
      genetic factors are presumably of more importance in the development of
      colorectal cancer than previously assumed.

PMID- 4035296
TI  - Continuous computerized determination of gastric bicarbonate secretion in man.
AB  - A method for continuous determination of gastric bicarbonate secretion in man has
      been developed. A computer-based system calculated the total bicarbonate
      secretion every 30 sec throughout the experiment on the basis of the continuously
      recorded pH and Pco2 measurements. A high gastric perfusion rate facilitated the
      identification of duodenogastric reflux, which was observed as rather short-lived
      spikes on the curves. The contribution of alkaline saliva to the measured gastric
      bicarbonate secretion was minimized by continuous salivary suction and was
      corrected for after determining amylase in the gastric aspirate. Validation of
      the measuring system, by introducing bicarbonate in the range of 50-400 mumol
      into the stomach, demonstrated a correlation value of 0.91 (p less than 0.001)
      between added and recovered bicarbonate. Basal gastric bicarbonate output in
      seven healthy subjects was 379 +/- 105 mumol/h (mean +/- SEM). Intragastric
      instillation of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 in five subjects resulted in a
      fourfold increase in gastric bicarbonate output.

PMID- 4035298
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies recognizing a neoantigen of poly(C9) detect the human
      terminal complement complex in tissue and plasma.
AB  - The terminal complement complex (TCC), consisting of C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9,
      contains neoantigens that are absent from the individual native components.
      Neoantigens are present both in the membrane-bound (MAC) and the fluid-phase
      (SC5b-9) complex. The present study describes production of monoclonal antibodies
      against neoantigens of both forms of the TCC. A convenient screening and
      detection system, based mainly on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis with autoradiography, and affinity chromatography with
      subsequent sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis including
      immunoblotting, is described in detail. Two monoclonal antibodies were specific
      for a neoantigen located in the poly(C9) moiety of the TCC. One of these
      antibodies, MCaE11, was used for immunohistochemical detection of MAC in tissue
      and for quantification of the fluid-phase TCC in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
      plasma.

PMID- 4035297
TI  - Oral water causes emptying of the human gallbladder through actions of vagal
      stimuli rather than motilin.
AB  - A drink of water was found to cause partial emptying of the human gallbladder in
      parallel with the release of motilin. The water-induced effect on the gallbladder
      was abolished by atropine, whereas the release of motilin remained unchanged.
      Exogenous infusions of porcine motilin aimed at achieving either a physiological
      or a pharmacological plasma motilin increment were both without effect on
      gallbladder dynamics as compared with saline infusions. It is concluded that the
      water-induced gallbladder emptying is vagally dependent. Furthermore, the results
      suggest that motilin does not cause gallbladder emptying in man.

PMID- 4035300
TI  - Increased critical stimulus duration: vulnerability or episode indicator?
AB  - Increased critical stimulus duration among nonpsychotic subjects with Minnesota
      Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2-7-8 profiles in the Merritt and Balogh letter
      discrimination procedure is consistent with the view that this abnormality might
      be a vulnerability indicator for a poor prognosis, chronic type of schizophrenia.
      However, the procedure that Merritt and Balogh used to measure critical stimulus
      duration is likely to involve higher load on processing capacity than the
      procedure used by Braff and Saccuzzo with patients who showed schizotypal
      personality disorder. Thus, consistent with our hypothesis, the Merritt and
      Balogh procedure appears more likely to detect a deficit among persons at risk
      for schizophrenia than procedures that involve little or no demand on processing
      capacity.

PMID- 4035299
TI  - Critical stimulus duration: schizophrenic trait or state?
AB  - Recent evidence challenges the conclusion of Nuechterlein and Dawson (1984) that
      a critical stimulus duration (CSD) may be a likely candidate for a state marker
      of schizophrenia. We summarize the results of three different CSD investigations
      which used differing schizotypic detection criteria and report that the Minnesota
      Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 2-7-8 schizotypic profile identified
      vulnerable college students with a CSD deficit. On the basis of these data, we
      suggest that the CSD task should not be considered a state marker of
      schizophrenia and may qualify as a trait marker of a specific subgroup of
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 4035301
TI  - "Negative symptoms": conceptual and methodological problems.
AB  - Research into the so-called negative symptoms of schizophrenia is plagued by
      often ignored problems in item identification, scale selection, quantification,
      clinical assessment process, and symptom (and, probably, causal) nonspecificity.
      Neither a negative symptom syndrome per se nor the recent rating scales designed
      to measure it have been validated, although some data useful in this regard have
      been presented for the scales. Since no criterion against which to validate these
      scales exists, construct validation is needed. The construct of negative
      symptoms, as defined by its hypothesized empirical relationships with other
      variables, and the procedures used to measure it must be validated simultaneously
      and gradually through a programmatic series of studies. In the meantime, research
      results pertaining to negative symptoms should be interpreted with considerable
      caution.

PMID- 4035302
TI  - An empirical test of a Kraepelinian vs. a Bleulerian view of negative symptoms.
AB  - Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test a Kraepelinian vs. a Bleulerian
      interpretation of negative symptoms. The former focuses on absolute loss of
      functioning, while the latter emphasizes the qualitative loss of organization.
      Contrary to expectation, neither theory was confirmed, but rather three
      independent factors emerged: apathy, psychomotor retardation, and loss of goal.
      The implications of these findings for subtyping schemes and the
      conceptualization of negative symptoms are discussed.

PMID- 4035303
TI  - Positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms, attention, and information
      processing.
AB  - This study was concerned with the relationship between attentional and
      information-processing deficits and positive vs. negative symptoms in
      schizophrenia. Sixteen schizophrenic patients, rated for extent of positive and
      negative symptomatology, 17 depressed patients, and 31 normal control subjects
      were tested on a measure of distractibility and ability to process under
      information overload. To establish the validity of our measures, schizophrenic
      patients were compared with depressed patients and with normal control subjects.
      Lowered processing capacity appeared to be specific to schizophrenia, although
      the specificity of differential distractibility was less clear. For schizophrenic
      patients, positive symptoms were related to distractibility, whereas negative
      symptoms were associated with lowered processing capacity. These findings were
      interpreted as supporting Crow's (1981) hypothesis that the two clinical
      syndromes reflect independent pathological processes.

PMID- 4035304
TI  - Symptomatic and neuropsychological components of defect states.
AB  - The distinction between positive and negative symptoms has gained prominence in
      schizophrenia research, but the construct has not been unequivocally validated.
      The authors report preliminary findings of investigations in which symptomatic
      and neuropsychological assessments were conducted in a sample of 32 chronic
      schizophrenic inpatients. Three distinct clusters of symptoms were identified in
      correlative analyses. One cluster of symptoms (alogia, attentional impairment,
      positive formal though disorder, and bizarre behavior) appeared to reflect
      primarily a disorganization of though independent of current definitions of the
      positive/negative symptom construct. A second cluster of symptoms (affective
      flattening, avolition/apathy, and anhedonia) appeared to reflect predominantly
      blunting of affect and volition. A third cluster (delusions, hallucinations, and
      "breadth of psychosis") seemed to represent only the florid psychotic features.
      The first and (to a lesser extent) second clusters of symptoms were selectively
      associated with neuropsychological impairment. The patterns of neuropsychological
      deficits correlated with the first cluster of symptoms appeared to be consistent
      with a process characterized by failure in the development of a normal repertoire
      of cognitive abilities. It is suggested that the "defect state" may not be a
      monothetic construct, and that within the domain of "type II" schizophrenia,
      disturbances of thought may be distinguished from those of affect and motivation.

PMID- 4035305
TI  - Multiple contributions to clinical presentation of flat affect in schizophrenia.
AB  - Flat affect has long been recognized as a central manifestation of schizophrenia,
      and has more recently been appreciated as a stable and prognostically important
      attribute of this disorder. Yet, because it is thought to be difficult to
      evaluate, flat affect has been deemphasized in criterion-based diagnostic
      systems. Results of this study suggest that the clinical evaluation of flat
      affect may be contaminated by a number of behaviorally similar processes. The
      components we identified included right hemisphere dysfunction, retardation and
      extrapyramidal effects, as well as the sequelae of hospitalization. Thus, in the
      clinical evaluation of flat affect, a multivariate approach in which these
      different components are considered separately might improve the reliability of
      evaluation and make this important sign more useful.

PMID- 4035306
TI  - Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: their longitudinal course and prognostic
      importance.
AB  - Negative and positive symptoms were investigated longitudinally in 39 young
      schizophrenic patients at two followup assessments approximately 2.5 and 5 years
      after hospital discharge. Negative symptoms, such as flat affect and poverty of
      speech, which were assessed at the first followup, were found to be effective
      prognostic signs in schizophrenic patients for predicting later poor role
      functioning at the second followup. The prognostic importance of negative
      symptoms was predominantly due to their tendency to occur in patients who were
      already functioning poorly in social and instrumental areas at the first
      followup, and who tended to continue doing poorly at the second followup.
      Contrary to some current hypotheses, positive symptoms, such as delusions and
      hallucinations, were also found to be prognostic of later deficits in role
      functioning at the second followup. Negative symptoms appeared to be generally
      persistent over time, although there was some tendency toward remission.
      Potential models of the etiology of negative symptoms and their role in
      schizophrenia are proposed.

PMID- 4035307
TI  - Negative symptoms: future developments of the concept.
AB  - The concept of negative symptoms has become increasingly important since it was
      reintroduced into psychiatric thinking several years ago. As the possible
      significance of negative symptoms has become clarified, the complexity of this
      concept has also become apparent. In dealing with this complexity, major progress
      has been made in describing negative symptoms more reliably and in taking steps
      toward identifying possible biological correlates. But two other particularly
      important directions also need to be pursued. First, psychosocial factors need to
      be explored further both in terms of their etiological contributions to negative
      symptoms and in the way these symptoms influence psychosocial aspects of the
      evolution of disorder and recovery. Secondly, more attention must be focused on
      the potential that negative symptoms have for providing an understanding of the
      interface between biological, psychological, and social processes in psychiatric
      disorder. In these ways the study of negative symptoms may contribute major clues
      to the nature of psychopathology, its etiologies, and its course.

PMID- 4035308
TI  - Negative symptoms: are they indigenous to schizophrenia?
AB  - The sudden popularity of positive and negative symptoms (PNS) has probably arisen
      as a result of the need for an instrument for clustering schizophrenic patients
      into subgroups that would respond similarly to the various treatments. The
      relation of PNS to the three major models for the etiology of schizophrenia
      (disease, socioenvironmental, and vulnerability) has been delineated. The
      question was raised regarding the indigenous nature of negative symptoms, their
      permanency, and whether they can be used to test the tenability of the three
      models. A strategy was suggested for determining whether the negative symptoms
      are permanent features of schizophrenia by providing techniques for attempting to
      eliminate them through therapeutic intervention. The need for developing
      operational criteria for the presence of each symptom was suggested to improve
      reliability of ratings, and construct validity designs were formulated for
      increasing their validity. The provision of a valid and reliable scale for
      negative symptoms and a scientific model for encompassing the various claims for
      negative symptoms is necessary before progress can be made.

PMID- 4035309
TI  - First person account: "freedom" means knowing you have a choice.
AB  - The following essay is my contribution to the First Person Accounts section of
      the Schizophrenia Bulletin. After a description of the development of my
      schizophrenic illness, I briefly address the issues of treatment noncompliance,
      institutionalization, and how they have affected my life. The main focus of my
      article is on personal control over the illness and on recognizing when
      medication is necessary. I give a personal example of how I have controlled some
      minor symptoms without medication, with the understanding that when symptoms
      become too disruptive, medication is helpful and certainly indicated.

PMID- 4035310
TI  - Chemical water and wastewater treatment. Practical experience and new concepts.
      Proceedings from the 1st Gothenburg Symposium, 1984.

PMID- 4035311
TI  - [Human ecology. Public health aspects of the environment, interiors and
      developments].

PMID- 4035312
TI  - [Introduction to environmental health from the viewpoint of relevance to humans].

PMID- 4035313
TI  - [International comparison of strategies for assurance of the quality of indoor
      air].

PMID- 4035314
TI  - [Indoor climate components--significance and measurement].

PMID- 4035315
TI  - [Appropriate formulation and application of air-polluting and other pest control
      agents. Experimental experiences within the framework of tests based on Paragraph
      10 c of the Federal Communicable Disease Law].

PMID- 4035316
TI  - [Radioactive materials in the environment--the need for minimizing their presence
      and standards for their limitation].

PMID- 4035317
TI  - Reproductive and developmental toxicity of metals.
AB  - This paper discusses metal exposure in the male, the nonpregnant female, and the
      maternal-offspring unit. In the first two situations, the primary targets are the
      gonads. In the mother-offspring unit, consideration must be given to effects on
      the fertilized ovum, the growth of the embryo, and, finally, to the fetal and
      perinatal stages. The central nervous system may be especially vulnerable during
      development. The placenta also undergoes development, and either the placenta or
      the fetus may be the primary target. In humans, certain metals may cause abortion
      or other effects on the conceptus. Effects may also be produced by metal exposure
      both in utero and in the suckling infant. For example, methylmercury gives rise
      to a range of effects on the central nervous system at doses lower than those
      producing damage to the mature nervous system. Effects of lead and arsenic are
      associated mainly with postnatal exposures during infancy and early childhood,
      but there is reason to believe from animal experiments that some effects may
      occur from prenatal exposures to certain metal compounds.

PMID- 4035318
TI  - [Biological monitoring of exposure to industrial toxic substances. Present-day
      situation and prospects for development].
AB  - Biological monitoring of exposure to an industrial chemical may be defined as the
      evaluation of the internal dose (internal exposure) by a biological method with
      the view of assessing the associated health risk. Depending on the biological
      parameter selected and on the time of sampling, internal dose may mean the amount
      of chemical recently absorbed, the amount stored in one or several compartments
      of the organism, or, under ideal conditions, the amount bound to the sites of
      action. The estimation of the internal dose has usually relied on two categories
      of tests: those based on the determination of the chemical and/or its metabolites
      in various biological media (eg, alveolar air, blood, urine) and those based on
      the quantification of a nonadverse biological effect, the intensity of which is
      related to the internal dose. Biological tests providing information on the
      amount of active chemical bound to the critical sites of action (target dose) and
      noninvasive analytical methods which measure the amount of cumulative toxins
      stored in certain body compartments (eg, bone, liver, kidney) are currently being
      developed. The main criteria to be considered in the selection of the most
      appropriate biological monitoring test of exposure are the specificity of the
      parameter and its sensitivity with respect to the exposure level, the analytical
      and biological applicability, the convenience for the workers, the possible risks
      associated with its application, and, of course, the accuracy of the exposure
      and/or health risk evaluation. Normally, the biological approach of exposure
      monitoring is reserved for chemicals which enter the organism and may exert
      systemic toxic effects. When a biological monitoring test of exposure is
      applicable, it offers several advantages over ambient air monitoring. A
      biological parameter reflecting the internal dose is necessarily more closely
      related to the systemic adverse effect(s) than any environmental measurement.
      Biological monitoring of exposure integrates the exposure by all routes
      (pulmonary, oral, and cutaneous) and sources. It may also take into account
      several factors which determine the uptake and the absorption of the chemical
      (individual variability, work load, hygiene habits, etc). However, contrary to
      ambient monitoring, biological monitoring is applicable only when sufficient
      information has been gathered on the metabolism of the chemical, its toxicity or
      that of its metabolites, and when some of the relationships between external
      exposure, internal dose and adverse effects have been assessed.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4035319
TI  - Strategies of air sampling.
AB  - Considerations relevant to preparation for air sampling are reviewed, including
      purpose, recognition of need, and the logistics of obtaining the samples (where,
      when, how, and for how long). Three strategies of sampling focused on how many
      samples to obtain are discussed in detail, ie, the zoning strategy and strategies
      of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the
      Mining Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). The purpose of the zoning method
      is to locate groups of employees with high exposures, while the NIOSH method aims
      at determining compliance of individual sample results with a regulatory
      standard. Similarities and differences between the methods are highlighted. The
      MSHA strategy is completely regulatory and represents a scientifically
      indefensible strategy. Finally, the advantages of incorporating the assumption of
      a distribution of workplace contaminant-in-air concentrations are noted.

PMID- 4035320
TI  - Occupational cancer. Where now and where next?
AB  - For each kind of occupationally associated cancer, there are three distinct
      stages in the development of the problem: recognition of a possible problem,
      confirmation, and the introduction of preventive measures. In the past,
      recognition of a possible problem depended heavily on chance and on the powers
      and observation of dedicated physicians and surgeons. Confirmation consisted of
      the collection of further anecdotal evidence and the conduct of case-referent
      (case-control) or other studies. The introduction of preventive measures often
      lagged woefully behind confirmation that a problem existed. Recently, the power
      of epidemiology as a primary investigative tool has grown to the point where
      unsuspected associations between occupation and cancer risk may be the first hint
      that a problem exists. However, it is important to recognize that investigative
      epidemiology is capable of constructing misleading pictures. In the future there
      is bound to be continuing pressure to reduce maximal permissible exposure to
      proven carcinogens. For chemicals for which there is no more than suspicion based
      on laboratory tests, one must ensure that regulatory action is based on good
      science, sound judgement, and common sense, rather than on the machinations of
      those with vested interests, of ambitious lawyers, or of the lunatic fringe. Less
      than 10% of all cancers are likely to be due to occupational factors. Therefore,
      even turning the world upside down with safety precautions against actual and
      suspected carcinogens would only marginally affect the present human cancer
      burden.

PMID- 4035321
TI  - Pesticides.
AB  - The last 30 years have been marked by concern regarding the effects of pesticides
      on human health and on the environment. Unwanted and adverse effects on man and
      other nontarget organisms have been reported from many countries. The health
      effects recorded for thousands of people yearly are mainly caused by the
      inappropriate handling of pesticides or by accidents. The important task is to
      identify and evaluate the specific hazards of the handling and application of
      pesticides and the need to collaborate with the World Health Organization (WHO)
      and other organizations on promoting the health protection of exposed workers.
      The selectivity of chemical control methods can often be markedly improved by the
      proper choice of formulation and application techniques and, of course, by an
      appropriate choice and use of the pesticide itself. This work is an integral part
      of the international program on chemical safety based on and incorporating
      current WHO activities. The situation in the developing countries creates a new
      dimension for the work to be done. In these countries the working populations are
      affected by the general diseases prevailing in the community, as well as by many
      uncontrolled hazardous agents at work.

PMID- 4035322
TI  - Organic dusts and lung reactions--exposure characteristics and mechanisms for
      disease.
AB  - Exposure to organic dusts has been related to pulmonary occupational diseases in
      a variety of environments. These dusts contain several different agents, but the
      microbial contamination is always important, particularly regarding molds and
      Gram-negative bacteria. In the lung, organic dusts cause a series of reactions
      ranging from irritation with neutrophilic invasion to the initiation of cell
      mediator release and the development of antibodies. For certain diseases, such as
      byssinosis, the relation between the cell reactions and the disease is relatively
      well established; for others, such as allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis) with fibrosis, more research is needed before the pathogenesis can
      be established. An understanding of the specific agents causing the disease and
      the cellular reactions behind its development is essential for its prevention.

PMID- 4035323
TI  - The case-referent study--some comments on its structure, merits and limitations.
AB  - Case-referent (case-control) studies have become increasingly important in
      occupational health epidemiology. The concept of study base [Miettinen, Scand J
      Work Environ Health 8 (1982):suppl 1, 7-14] as referring to the health experience
      of the study population over time, and a clear recognition of open and closed
      populations, ie, with or without turnover, make the structure of the case
      referent study clearer. The referents should represent the study base in terms of
      exposure and nonexposure and even with regard to other determinants of the
      disease under study. Case-referent studies refer to open populations unless
      nested in cohorts. Matching in cohort studies is straight-forward and creates a
      symmetrical situation among the exposed and unexposed with regard to the matching
      factor, but this symmetry is not achieved in case-referent studies, in which
      matching tends to distort the representativeness of the referents with regard to
      the study base. This circumstance suggests that matching on determinants of the
      disease should be maintained in the analysis. However, since the referents are a
      sample of the base, there might be confounding in the data, which does not exist
      in the base and vice versa, ie, full control of confounding in case-referent
      studies is not achievable either through matching or through any other procedure,
      but a large sample of referents would more properly reflect the distribution of
      confounders in the base. Using hospital referents, one has to consider possible
      relations between the referent diseases and the exposure under study, and
      therefore evaluation of multiple exposures may even require different sets of
      hospital referents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4035324
TI  - Man-made mineral fibers and health. Answered and unanswered questions.
AB  - An overall assessment of the epidemiologic evidence from 23 published studies on
      workers' health in the industry producing man made mineral fibers (MMMF) (21
      studies) and in the user industry (2 studies) is presented. Three major studies
      recently published, one cross-sectional and two of the historical cohort type,
      conducted in the producer industry, have been singled out for closer examination
      and discussion. The combined evidence from the epidemiologic studies indicates
      that causal associations between MMMF occupational exposure, as it occurred in
      past decades, and lung cancer and chronic respiratory diseases cannot be
      excluded, neither does it offer clear support for such associations. Experimental
      data indicate clearly that a fibrogenic effect can be obtained by the
      intratracheal administration of MMMF and a carcinogenic effect by the
      intratracheal, intrapleural, and intraperitoneal administration of MMMF, while no
      appreciably fibrogenic nor carcinogenic effects have been detected in inhalation
      experiments. While it can be stated that no long-term pathological effects have
      been observed in MMMF workers in the first 20 years or so after first employment,
      the key scientific issue of whether MMMF are fibrogenic and/or carcinogenic in
      man when inhaled remains still open.

PMID- 4035325
TI  - Current problems of nonionizing radiation.
AB  - Electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency range is the most common type of
      nonionizing radiation. The accelerated development in telecommunications and the
      introduction of power transmission lines, as well as glue drying and plastic
      heating in the wood and plastic industries, cause both occupational and
      nonoccupational systematic exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the
      radiofrequency range. For the hygienic rating of radiowave exposure it is
      necessary to use biological models to evaluate, in depth, the mechanisms and
      effects of electromagnetic radiation. The ultra- and superhigh frequency range is
      the most active in causing biological responses. The high frequency range is less
      active. Physical characteristics (continuous and impulse) and the combined effect
      of the electromagnetic field with other factors, eg, elevated air temperature,
      etc, have an effect on biological responses.

PMID- 4035326
TI  - 1984 and occupational health in developing countries.
AB  - The developing countries constitute a large and important sector of the world.
      Their needs and aspirations require serious consideration by the international
      scientific community. When considering the countries of the developing world, it
      must be appreciated that they do not constitute a homogeneous entity but are a
      disparate group with different cultural backgrounds and at varying stages of
      economic and industrial development. But in spite of such diversity, it is
      possible to establish at least two issues of common interest to these nations.
      The first is in relation to the setting of environmental standards in the
      workplace. In the setting of such standards cultural, political, social,
      economic, and administrative factors must be taken into consideration. In some
      situations, for economic reasons, the standards may have to be less stringent
      than the prevailing standards in the industrialized world. On the other hand,
      because of administrative and health reasons, they may have to be more stringent.
      Finally, the issue of scientific research relevant to developing countries is
      considered in the paper.

PMID- 4035327
TI  - [Occupational medicine for small business. Realizations and perspectives].
AB  - Occupational health for small enterprises includes more problems than rewards:
      scattered workforce, limited financial means, wide differences in sociological
      and technological status, few manifest results, etc. But it is probably the most
      necessary application of the concept, although it is generally less compulsory.
      What is to be recommended now? One must keep in mind that small workplaces have a
      special need for occupational health care (even if they fail to recognize it).
      Tactical priorities must be ranked according to needs and means. Incentives and
      regulations that are not too encroaching should be set. Occupational health units
      should be comprised of complementary technicians. Specific research with
      technical and sociological expertise should be implemented. Changes in conditions
      should not be made merely for change alone, but after careful evaluation and
      without passivity. The feeling of being health's missionary in the Kingdom of
      production should be retained.

PMID- 4035329
TI  - [Pathology of gastric mucosa polyps].
AB  - More frequent use of the endoscope to remove gastric mucosal polyps has also led
      to better knowledge of the pathology of these polyps. Their classification is
      still a matter of debate, and hence, by way of introduction, the notions of
      hyperplastic, hyperplasiogenous and hyperplastic-adenomatous polyp, adenoma,
      borderline lesion protruded type, foveolar hyperplasia and cysts of the gastric
      glands are presented. The authors give preference to the WHO classification of
      1977. Among 196 mucosal polyps examined between 1970 and 1982 84% were
      hyperplastic (hyperplasiogenous) polyps, 15.5% adenomas and there was a single
      specimen of hamartomatous polyp. One in every 6 adenomas showed malignant changes
      and 5 of the 165 hyperplastic polyps were associated with gastric carcinoma.
      Problems of diagnosis, classification and prognosis are briefly discussed.

PMID- 4035328
TI  - [Modification of serum lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins AI and B in patients
      with hyperlipidemia Type IIa and IIb using polyenylphosphatidylcholine].
AB  - In a double blind study 27 patients with type II hyperlipidemia (8 IIa and 19
      IIb) were treated as follows: 13 received placebo and 14 sn
      polyenylphosphatidylcholin (PPC) (P 0206/1/01, Nattermann GmbH, Cologne) in a
      dose of three times 450 mg b.i.d. In all patients, and also in the two subclasses
      of patients with type IIa and type IIb hyperlipidemia, total cholesterol and LDL
      cholesterol were lowered significantly by PPC. The other parameters showed only
      minor variation. There was a downward trend in apoprotein B, triglycerides and
      VLDL cholesterol, and an upward trend in apoprotein AI, with virtually unchanged
      HDL cholesterol. None of these variations was significant compared with placebo.
      The fall in LDL cholesterol with unchanged HDL cholesterol caused a statistically
      significant decrease in the LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, thus
      supporting the hypothesis of an antiatherogenic property of PPC, as demonstrated
      experimentally in various animals.

PMID- 4035330
TI  - [The use of low-dose amitriptyline in psychogeriatrics. A clinical,
      pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic study].
AB  - Two groups of six depressive psychogeriatric patients (age 69-93) have been
      treated for three weeks with either 25 mg or 50 mg of amitriptyline (AT) per day.
      Before the beginning of the treatment and after 8, 15 and 22 days of medication,
      the patients (7 outpatients and 5 hospitalized patients) underwent various
      psychopathological tests (Hamilton, Crichton) and biochemical investigations,
      i.e. clinical chemistry and hematology, analyses of AT and nortriptyline (NT), in
      the plasma. In some subjects the hydroxylated metabolites and the binding of
      these substances to plasma proteins were also measured. Except one patient, all
      responded favourably to the treatment. No difference between the two doses has
      been observed as regards their clinical efficacy and incidence of side effects.
      The plasma levels of AT and NT were below those generally recommended in the
      literature. The monitoring served to identify some cases of noncompliance and, in
      one patient, a deficiency of hydroxylation of AT, confirmed by the debrisoquine
      test. These results suggest that the "therapeutic window" needs redefinition and
      that low-dose medication with antidepressants is indicated in a psychogeriatric
      population.

PMID- 4035331
TI  - [Self-monitoring of airway obstruction using the peak flowmeter].
AB  - Daily peak flow measurements provide an accurate and objective assessment of
      airway obstruction. The peak flow profile offers a rational basis for
      antiobstructive treatment. Success and failure of treatment are visualized, as
      are the asymptomatic beginning of an asthmatic attack, an allergen exposure or an
      exercise-induced obstruction. Compliance improves, and self-monitoring seems to
      increase patient comfort. A considerable amount of knowledge about the dynamics
      of airway obstruction is conveyed to the physician, and this works very much to
      the benefit of his patient.

PMID- 4035332
TI  - [Accidents in general anesthesia in cats and dogs. 1].

PMID- 4035333
TI  - [Coccidiosis in sheep].

PMID- 4035334
TI  - [Field studies of selenium status and placental retention in cattle].

PMID- 4035335
TI  - [Maximal aerobic capacity ans anaerobic threshold in 16-km runners].

PMID- 4035336
TI  - [Effect of a carbohydrate diet on the physical fitness and metabolism regulation
      in highly trained marathon runners].

PMID- 4035337
TI  - [Echocardiography of endurance athletes as a function of VO2 max].

PMID- 4035338
TI  - [Value and significance of serum myoglobin in sportsmen before and after various
      physical activities].

PMID- 4035339
TI  - [Sport-Tester PE 3000 training system].

PMID- 4035340
TI  - Aluminum: is it toxic to the human brain?

PMID- 4035341
TI  - The combined effect of tobacco and alcohol consumption on the level of lead and
      cadmium in blood.
AB  - This study deals with the person-to-person variation in the levels of lead and
      cadmium in the blood of 6437 subjects (2883 men and 3554 women). The lead level
      (Pb-B) is clearly higher in men than in women, and the cadmium level (Cd-B) is a
      little higher in men than in women. Only the Pb-B varies according to age for
      both sexes. The results reveal that the consumption of alcohol could play an
      important part in the variation of lead and cadmium levels in the blood; the
      consumption of alcohol is associated with an increase in Pb-B but a decrease in
      Cd-B. These variations involving alcohol consumption remain significant
      regardless of smoking habits. On the other hand, an increase in Pb-B and Cd-B has
      been noted among smokers and, to a lesser degree, among former smokers, compared
      with non-smokers.

PMID- 4035342
TI  - Lead in water, infant diet and blood: the Glasgow Duplicate Diet Study.
AB  - The Glasgow Duplicate Diet Study was carried out to investigate the effect of
      lead in drinking water on the blood-lead of infants. A stratified group of 131
      mothers and babies were followed from antenatal registration until the children
      were 3 months of age. The infants' dietary intakes of lead were assessed by
      composite water sampling and by the "duplicate diet" technique. Blood-leads were
      measured from venous samples. Statistical analysis in this paper covers sampling
      variability, the dependence of diet-lead on water-lead, the relationship of blood
      lead in the baby's cord to that in the mother, and the contribution of water-lead
      to the blood-lead (at 13 weeks) of infants that were bottle-fed. The variation
      associated with sampling for lead in water was taken into account when estimating
      the relationship between water-lead and blood-lead and when discussing how
      standards for their respective concentrations should be linked. The conclusion is
      consistent with an upper guide value of 0.05 mgl-1 for the concentration of lead
      in drinking water.

PMID- 4035343
TI  - Medicinal plants.

PMID- 4035345
TI  - The generative grammar of the immune system.

PMID- 4035344
TI  - Defining lipid transport pathways in animal cells.
AB  - A new technique for studying the metabolism and intracellular transport of lipid
      molecules in living cells based on the use of fluorescent lipid analogs is
      described. The cellular processing of various intermediates (phosphatidic acid
      and ceramide) and end products (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine)
      in lipid biosynthesis is reviewed and a working model for compartmentalization
      during lipid biosynthesis is presented.

PMID- 4035346
TI  - "Right-to-life" scores new victory at AID.

PMID- 4035347
TI  - Contraception research lagging.

PMID- 4035348
TI  - Guilty plea puts Oraflex case to rest.

PMID- 4035349
TI  - Attractive forces between uncharged hydrophobic surfaces: direct measurements in
      aqueous solution.
AB  - Long, double-chained alkylammonium acetate surfactants are soluble in water and,
      under suitable conditions, adsorb onto sheets of muscovite mica, forming an
      electrically neutral, hydrophobic surface. Attractive forces measured between
      such surfaces are 10 to 100 times stronger than expected from van der Waals
      theory over distances D up to about 10 nanometers. The forces decay exponentially
      [with a force proportional to exp(-D/1.4)] instead of following the power-law
      behavior of continuum theory. The results of these and earlier experiments
      indicate that the strength of these attractive forces depends critically on the
      degree of hydrophobicity of the surface and is due to the long-range influence of
      the surface on the structure of water. In addition, for very hydrophobic
      surfaces, the cavitation effects on pulling the surfaces apart are described.

PMID- 4035350
TI  - Enhanced metabolism of Leishmania donovani amastigotes at acid pH: an adaptation
      for intracellular growth.
AB  - Amastigotes (tissue forms) of Leishmania donovani isolated from infected hamster
      spleens carried out several physiological activities (respiration, catabolism of
      energy substrates, and incorporation of precursors into macromolecules) optimally
      at pH 4.0 to 5.5. All metabolic activities that were examined decreased sharply
      above the optimal pH. Promastigotes (culture forms), on the other hand, carried
      out the same metabolic activities optimally at or near neutral pH. This
      adaptation to an acid environment may account in part for the unusual ability of
      amastigotes to survive and multiply within the acidic environment of the
      phagolysosomes in vivo.

PMID- 4035351
TI  - Responsiveness and receptive field size of carp horizontal cells are reduced by
      prolonged darkness and dopamine.
AB  - In the fish retina the interplexiform cells contain dopamine and provide a
      centrifugal pathway from the inner plexiform layer to horizontal cells of the
      outer plexiform layer. Dopamine application reduced the responsiveness and
      receptive field size of cone horizontal cells, as did a prolonged period of
      complete darkness. Other results suggest that the interplexiform cells may
      release dopamine after a prolonged period in the dark. The interplexiform
      horizontal cell system may modify the strength of the antagonistic surrounds of
      retinal neurons as a function of time in the dark.

PMID- 4035352
TI  - Crystallographic structure of the octamer histone core of the nucleosome.

PMID- 4035353
TI  - Basic modular format in tRNA's and rRNA's.

PMID- 4035354
TI  - Superinduction of c-fos by nerve growth factor in the presence of peripherally
      active benzodiazepines.
AB  - Alterations in proto-oncogene expression after stimulation of rat
      pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by nerve growth factor (NGF) have been
      investigated. A specific stimulation of c-fos messenger RNA and protein was
      detected 30 minutes after treatment. This induction was enhanced more than 100
      fold in the presence of peripherally active benzodiazepines. The effect was
      specific as very little change was observed in the levels of c-rasHa, c-rasKi, c
      myc, and N-myc messenger RNA's. Under the conditions used here, NGF treatment
      ultimately results in neurite outgrowth, with a reduction or cessation of cell
      division. Thus, stimulation of the c-fos gene in this system appeared to be
      associated with differentiation and not with cellular proliferation. The effect
      of benzodiazepines was stereospecific and represents a novel action of these
      compounds at the level of gene expression.

PMID- 4035355
TI  - Migration and differentiation of cerebral cortical neurons after transplantation
      into the brains of ferrets.
AB  - Cells from the cerebral proliferative zones of newborn ferrets were labeled with
      tritiated thymidine and a fluorescent dye and were transplanted as a single-cell
      suspension into the occipital region of newborn ferrets. The transplanted cells
      became thoroughly integrated into the host environment: many cells migrated
      through the intermediate zone and into the cortical plate, where they developed
      as pyramidal neurons. Other transplanted cells came to resemble glial cells.
      After 1 to 2 months most transplanted neurons had taken up residence in layer 2 +
      3, the normal destination of neurons generated on postnatal days 1 and 2. Thus
      the sequence of morphological differentiation and the eventual laminar position
      of the isochronically transplanted neurons closely paralleled that of their
      normal host counterparts.

PMID- 4035356
TI  - Glucocorticoids potentiate ischemic injury to neurons: therapeutic implications.
AB  - Sustained exposure to glucocorticoids, the adrenocortical stress hormones, is
      toxic to neurons, and such toxicity appears to play a role in neuron loss during
      aging. Previous work has shown that glucocorticoids compromise the capacity of
      neurons to survive a variety of metabolic insults. This report extends those
      observations by showing that ischemic injury to neurons in rat brain is also
      potentiated by exposure to high physiological titers of glucocorticoids and is
      attenuated by adrenalectomy. The synergy between ischemic and glucocorticoid
      brain injury was seen even when glucocorticoid levels were manipulated after the
      ischemic insult. Pharmacological interventions that diminish the adrenocortical
      stress response may improve neurological outcome from stroke or cardiac arrest.

PMID- 4035357
TI  - Deficient vasoactive intestinal peptide innervation in the sweat glands of cystic
      fibrosis patients.
AB  - The innervation of acini and ducts of eccrine sweat glands by immunoreactive,
      vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing nerve fibers was sharply reduced in
      seven patients with cystic fibrosis compared to eight normal subjects. The
      decrease in innervation by this neuropeptide, which has been shown to promote
      blood flow and the movement of water and chloride across epithelial surfaces in
      other systems, may be a basic mechanism for the decreased water content and
      relative impermeability of the epithelium to chloride and other ions that
      characterize cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4035358
TI  - Spinal reflexes in microgravity: measuring H reflexes during space flight.

PMID- 4035359
TI  - Z-DNA forms without an alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence in solution.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (proton and phosphorus-31) and ultraviolet
      absorption spectra of the DNA decamer d(br5CGbr5CGATbr5CGbr5CG), in which the
      central two adenine-thymine base pairs are out of order with the rest of the
      purine-pyrimidine alternation sequence, indicate that under appropriate solvent
      conditions (high salt and methanol) the molecule undergoes a structural
      transition from a right-handed B-DNA conformation to a left-handed Z-DNA
      conformation. Measurements of the two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect on
      the decamer indicate that all of the guanines as well as the two equivalent
      thymines adopt the syn conformation.

PMID- 4035360
TI  - The 23-million-dollar quest pays off.

PMID- 4035361
TI  - Amidolytic antifactor Xa assays in the laboratory evaluation of heparin and low
      molecular weight fractions.

PMID- 4035362
TI  - Practical considerations on the measurement of low molecular weight heparin anti
      Xa activity.

PMID- 4035363
TI  - Usefulness of fibrinopeptide A generation tests in experimental and clinical
      studies with low molecular weight heparin fractions.
AB  - FPA generation test provides a sensitive tool to study the events leading to the
      production of fibrin from fibrinogen. Drug modulation of pathways resulting in
      thrombin generation can be readily assessed utilizing the FPA generation test. In
      circumstances in which conventional clotting and amidolytic methods fail to
      detect any antiprotease effects, the FPA generation test provides the sensitivity
      to study these actions. The FPA generation test demonstrates the collective
      action of antithrombotic agents on inhibition of activation of the pathways
      leading to the generation of thrombin. The generation systems are easily modified
      by activators to provide identification of sites, components, and modulating
      interaction of various heparin derivatives on the hemostatic system. The FPA
      generation test assesses the overall inhibitory effects of heparin and thus
      provides insight into the pharmacokinetics of the biologically active components
      of these agents. Currently, the FPA generation test may be utilized to
      demonstrate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics but has limited quantitative
      capacity in this regard. The FPA generation test performed on native plasma may
      provide insight into the great variation in individual hemostatic parameters
      important to dosage determinations.

PMID- 4035364
TI  - A primate model (Macaca mulatta) to study the pharmacokinetics of heparin and its
      fractions.
AB  - We have extensively studied the hemostatic parameters and the responses to the
      anticoagulant action of heparin and its fractions in the primate model (M.
      mulatta) and found these to be identical to those obtained in humans. The
      functional properties of antithrombin III, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and platelet
      factor 4 were also identical to humans in amidolytic and coagulant assays. Human
      antibodies against FPA, B beta 15-42 peptide, platelet factor 4, and thromboxane
      B2 reacted with the primate antigen, and assays were developed to measure these
      parameters in primates. Infusion of activated prothrombin complex concentrates
      (more than 100 U/kg/day) on a continual basis up to 3 days resulted in a
      hypercoagulable state manifested by an elevation of FPA, thromboxane B2, and
      changes in the thrombelastographic patterns. Similarly, infusion of homologous
      primate serum also resulted in a hypercoagulable state, as was evident by a sharp
      increase in the FPA levels. The antithrombotic effects of intravenous and
      subcutaneous administration of heparin, its low molecular fraction, and their
      constituents were studied after intravenous and subcutaneous injections. The low
      molecular weight fractions showed the most effective antithrombotic effects,
      whereas somewhat milder protection was observed with the starting material and
      highly anionic fraction. The prolongation of global tests, such as the APTT, TT,
      and changes in the thromboelastogram did not correlate with the reduction in the
      blood markers of hypercoagulable state. A modified simplate bleeding time method
      was used to study the effect of heparin and its fractions on the bleeding profile
      of heparin fractions. The components of fibrinolytic systems were also measurable
      in both the clot-based and amidolytic methods to predict the profibrinolytic
      actions of heparin fractions in its mode. These studies suggest that plasma
      markers, such as the platelet release proteins, products of thrombin activation,
      and prostaglandin metabolites, may provide better indices in the monitoring of
      the antithrombotic actions of newer heparins and antithrombotic drugs. Studies
      suggest that the pathophysiologic responses after a thrombogenic trigger in the
      primate model are close to humans, and drug modulation of these may provide
      relevant clinical information. This model provides the most similar preclinical
      model to study the actions of heparin fractions.

PMID- 4035365
TI  - Biochemical and pharmacologic studies on the protamine interactions with heparin,
      its fractions and fragments.

PMID- 4035367
TI  - Heparin and its derivatives. Part two: Applied aspects and future considerations.

PMID- 4035366
TI  - An objective assessment of the interaction of heparin and its fractions with
      human platelets.
AB  - We have shown that heparin and heparin fractions cause in vitro platelet
      aggregation in a large portion of a normal population. Furthermore, this
      aggregation occurs in a concentration-dependent manner and is not related to the
      anti-Xa activity of heparin or its fractions. In addition, it appears that at
      least part of the mechanism by which heparin induces aggregation is through the
      production of thromboxane. However, this is not the sole mechanism, since
      approximately 20% aggregation still occurs when thromboxane production is totally
      inhibited or the thromboxane receptor is completely blocked. Furthermore,
      although protamine (at the concentrations used) completely neutralizes the
      anticoagulant activity of heparin, it does not always completely inhibit the
      platelet aggregating activity of heparin. Finally, we have shown that heparin
      alone promotes thromboxane production and PF4 release in a whole blood system.
      Additional studies are needed to characterize further the mechanisms of heparin
      induced platelet aggregation.

PMID- 4035368
TI  - Biologic studies on chemically synthesized pentasaccharide and tetrasaccharide
      fragments.
AB  - We have synthesized the pentasaccharide representing the binding site of heparin
      to AT III. This pentasaccharide contains a 3-0-sulfate group on one of its
      glucosamine units. A pentasaccharide analogue lacking this 3-0-sulfate group and
      two different tetrasaccharides, each being part of the pentasaccharide sequence
      with AT III affinity, have also been synthesized. The pentasaccharide with high
      affinity for AT III also shows high antifactor Xa activity and, in vivo,
      antithrombotic activity. Removal of glucosamine at the nonreducing end maintains
      partial binding capacity as well as partial antifactor Xa activity.

PMID- 4035369
TI  - Oligosaccharides formed by treatment of heparin with nitrous acid.

PMID- 4035370
TI  - Preliminary biochemical and pharmacologic studies on a chemically synthesized
      pentasaccharide.

PMID- 4035371
TI  - Quinidine induced lupus syndrome.
AB  - Five patients with a lupus-like syndrome secondary to quinidine are described.
      Eleven other cases have previously been reported. The quinidine induced lupus
      syndrome is similar to that seen with procainamide and hydralazine treatment but
      occurs less frequently. The lower incidence may reflect a difference in the
      metabolism of quinidine. Quinidine should be considered as potentially
      responsible when multisystem disease appears in patients receiving this drug.

PMID- 4035372
TI  - [A new nail profile for an interlocking nail with high fatigue stability].

PMID- 4035373
TI  - [Closing of an old post-traumatic diaphragmatic defect using homologous material
      under the circumstances of a second trauma].

PMID- 4035374
TI  - [Conservative versus surgical therapy of abduction fractures of the femur neck.
      Results of a clinical follow-up].

PMID- 4035375
TI  - [Separation of the distal femoral epiphysis].

PMID- 4035376
TI  - [Healing of reimplanted osteochondral fragments. An experimental study].

PMID- 4035377
TI  - [Ambulatory surgery of ruptured collateral ligaments of the fibulotalar joint].

PMID- 4035378
TI  - [Histomorphology following plate osteosynthesis in the human. I: Fracture
      behavior, microfissures and reposition].

PMID- 4035379
TI  - [Histomorphology following plate osteosynthesis in the human. II: Cortical plate
      screws and compression screws].

PMID- 4035380
TI  - [Ender nailing with expanded indications].

PMID- 4035381
TI  - Critical review of 153 operatively treated closed tibial shaft fractures.

PMID- 4035382
TI  - Mismanagement of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis by traditional medicine men
      (native doctors) in the eastern and northern regions of Nigeria.

PMID- 4035383
TI  - [Roentgen-negative retractors in osteosyntheses of the spine].

PMID- 4035384
TI  - [Compression effect of the dynamic hip screw. Experimental study on cadaveric
      bone].

PMID- 4035385
TI  - Radionuclide studies of the spleen in trauma and iatrogenic disorders.
AB  - The first task of radiocolloid spleen imaging, after trauma, is to determine if
      the organ is functioning. If this cannot be demonstrated, splenic avulsion must
      be considered. The second task is to document splenic injury (not to suggest
      splenectomy, but to serve as a baseline for following later healing). Failure to
      heal may be a risk factor for subsequent splenic rupture. The third task of
      spleen imaging is to determine if accessory splenic fragments are present and
      functional. The radiocolloid spleen scan facilitates the successful
      accomplishment of all of these tasks.

PMID- 4035386
TI  - In utero diagnosis and treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 4035387
TI  - Ethical considerations in and beyond experimental fetal therapy.

PMID- 4035388
TI  - Legal issues in fetal therapy.

PMID- 4035389
TI  - Prenatal treatment of biochemical disorders.

PMID- 4035391
TI  - Gamut. Cardiac and great vessel calcifications in childhood.

PMID- 4035390
TI  - Ventriculomegaly: evaluation and management.

PMID- 4035393
TI  - Convocation address delivered on 18th Nov 1984 to medical, dental and law
      graduates.

PMID- 4035392
TI  - Case of the season. Inflammatory fibrous polyp of esophagus.

PMID- 4035394
TI  - Self-medication in Singapore.

PMID- 4035395
TI  - Anaesthetic management for the excision of carotid body tumours--a report of two
      cases.

PMID- 4035397
TI  - Some aspects of sexual knowledge and sexual behaviour of local women. Results of
      a survey. V. Sexual intercourse.

PMID- 4035396
TI  - The use of the HYPOCOUNT IIB in the diagnosis of hypoglycaemia in neonates.

PMID- 4035398
TI  - Parasuicides in Kuala Lumpur. A descriptive study.

PMID- 4035399
TI  - A five-year follow-up study of schizophrenia in Singapore.

PMID- 4035400
TI  - Correction of bimaxillary deformity--a surgical dilemma? Preliminary report of
      eight cases.

PMID- 4035401
TI  - The restoration of body weight in anorexia nervosa through operant conditioning:
      a case report.

PMID- 4035402
TI  - Midtrimester termination of pregnancy using intravaginal gemeprost (16, 16
      dimethyl-trans delta 2 PGE1 methyl ester, cervagem).

PMID- 4035404
TI  - Health and social science in Latin America.

PMID- 4035403
TI  - Polytherapy in multibacillary leprosy patients in Nepal.

PMID- 4035405
TI  - Assessment of Venezuelan health services from a social development perspective.
AB  - This paper evaluates four health programs housed in the Venezuelan Ministry of
      Health and Social Assistance: malaria eradication, infant paralysis, highrisk
      pregnancy and child birth and community participation. For each of the programs
      the study (a) identifies key management features relating to structure and
      strategy; (b) examines program performance to assess its consistency with the
      declared objective of promoting social development; and (c) evaluates what
      structure and strategy features may have contributed to the social development of
      the target community. Also, the information mechanisms which link planners,
      executors and the 'clients', were examined. Lastly, the extent to which target
      population involved in the decisions made with respect to each program, was
      reviewed.

PMID- 4035406
TI  - Studies of diarrhoea in Quindio (Colombia): problems related to water treatment.
AB  - This paper studies the association between fluctuations in rates of diarrhoea
      among children less than 5 years old in Armenia (Quindio) and variations in the
      application of chlorine in the aqueduct of the city. The study shows that to a
      great extent diarrhoea morbidity can be explained by the application of chlorine
      which does not reach useful levels of concentration during the required time. The
      article concluded by recommending the improvement of existing treatment plants
      and investing the necessary resources in new plants to insure the quality of
      water.

PMID- 4035407
TI  - Ideological dimensions of community participation in Latin American health
      programs.
AB  - A comparative analysis of community participation in urban and agricultural
      programs, and health programs in Latin America suggests that the promotion of
      community participation was based in all cases on two false assumptions: the
      belief that the traditional values of the poor were the main obstacle for
      development and for health improvement; and the idea that the poor were incapable
      of organizing themselves. A country by country examination indicates that health
      participation programs in Latin America, in spite of promotional efforts by
      international agencies, have not succeeded. Then, the article discusses the
      political objectives behind international support for these programs. It is
      argued that, through symbolic participation, international agencies had two
      purposes in mind: the legitimization of low quality care for the poor, also known
      as primary health; and the generation of much needed support from the masses for
      the liberal democracies and authoritarian regimes of the region.

PMID- 4035408
TI  - Fifteen years of community organization for health in Panama: an assessment of
      current progress and problems.
AB  - Since the late 1970s the WHO and other international agencies have placed much
      emphasis on strategies of community organization in order to improve preventive
      health services and facilities in rural areas. Many countries have recently set
      out to reform their rural health systems by means of a community-based approach.
      Panama's 15 years of experience in 'community health' provide insight into the
      constraints to program continuity at the national level and to maintenance of
      participatory mechanisms (health committees) at the village level. This paper
      focuses on the present status of the Community Health Program and level of
      activity of the health committees. This study is based on in-depth interviewing
      of key program participants at three contexts: central ministry,
      district/regional health institutions and rural communities. It sought to
      discover how interactions among and within these contexts affected program
      services and community participation. Inconsistent outcomes are evident. In some
      areas the Community Health Program thrives and the health committees are active,
      while in most areas the program functions at a minimal level and most health
      committees are inactive. Several factors are identified which affect a
      'successful' or 'unsuccessful' program environment. These include: degree of
      support from medical directors of district and regional health centers, existence
      of 'federations of health committees', the extent of political interference, the
      presence of a functional 'technical health team' and degree of community
      confidence in health committee officers.

PMID- 4035409
TI  - Difficulties involved in taking health services to the people: the example of a
      public health care center in a Caracas barrio.
AB  - This paper discusses the difficulties faced by a typical Ministry of Health and
      Social Welfare maternal and infant health care services center. These service
      modules are usually located in the lower income barrios of Venezuela's urban
      centers. Recent experiences as seen by supervisors of the regional and district
      offices of the Ministry and the center's staff were evaluated following in-depth
      interviews, direct observation and scanning of clinical records over a three
      month period. The study concludes that the major problem areas influence the
      Ministry's primary goal of extending coverage to a greater proportion of the
      needy population and maintain the quality of the services: inadequate
      administrative structure leading to logistics difficulties; and the clinic
      location and the characteristics of the barrio itself and of the client
      population.

PMID- 4035410
TI  - Coverage and patterns of ambulatory medical care use in Tlalpan, Mexico City.
AB  - Health officials planned a stepped care system (regionalized) for Tlalpan, in the
      Federal District of Mexico (D.F.), to address problems of duplicated services,
      inappropriate use of available resources, increasing costs of medical care, and
      unmet health needs in the population. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in
      the community, in health centers and in hospital based ambulatory services
      (outpatient department and emergency department) to obtain current, specific and
      valid information about need and utilization patterns. Users of the various
      services differed from each other and from the community by age, educational
      level, occupation, rights to prepaid care and utilization patterns. Emergency
      department users came back for care repeatedly and sought preventive services
      from the emergency department. Major reasons for attending the emergency
      department included respiratory and gastrointestinal problems, plus poisonings,
      accidents, and complications of pregnancy. Outpatient department users arrived
      without referral from medical sources and continued to return frequently for
      care. Users were mostly adults, particularly older adults, with problems of a
      more chronic nature, e.g. nervous system problems, genitourinary problems, etc.
      The health centers attended clients from the designated area of influence who had
      referred themselves to the center for care. Children were the most frequent
      clients with acute, common problems, e.g. diarrhea and respiratory problems.
      Health maintenance activities were assessed for which children received the most
      complete coverage, but some women lacked the necessary care for perinatal health
      and family planning. In general, health centers seemed to be functioning
      appropriately, although the magnitude of unattended need in their areas of
      influence must be investigated further.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4035411
TI  - Family medicine: a medical care alternative for Latin America.
AB  - This paper presents the experience of a residency in family medicine organized 7
      years ago by the medical school of the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon,
      Mexico. The residency aims to prepare physicians to provide primary health care.
      In efforts to teach graduate students the social as well as the biological causes
      of diseases most commonly reported at the primary care level, graduate students
      take courses in clinical disciplines, social and behavioral sciences and public
      health. In its training methodology the program combines teaching, service and
      research. By now, the department of family medicine has graduated five classes of
      specialists, all of whom are working in the field of family medicine at the
      primary level. This fact is particularly worth noticing in a country where there
      are thousands of unemployed/underemployed physicians. It is suggested that family
      physicians are satisfying an unmet medical demand of many thousands of Mexicans,
      and that the care provided by them is less expensive and of better quality than
      the same care provided by other specialists.

PMID- 4035412
TI  - Mexican immigrants and the utilization of U.S. health services: the case of San
      Diego.
AB  - This paper examines survey data gathered from 2103 Mexican immigrants living or
      working in San Diego County, California, in order to explore four fundamental
      questions concerning the utilization of health services: (a) What type of health
      services do Mexican immigrants use? (b) When hospitals are used, do they tend to
      be emergency room services? (c) Do Mexican immigrants use preventive services?
      (d) To what extent do the utilization patterns of undocumented immigrants differ
      from their legally-immigrated counterparts? The socioeconomic profile of the
      sample is characterized through analysis of variables such as sex, age, length of
      residence in the U.S., occupation and income. Mexican immigrants, particularly
      the undocumented, are relatively young compared to the non-immigrant population,
      of short duration in the U.S. and earn low income. In addition, undocumented and
      legally-immigrated respondents are covered by medical insurance at rates far
      below the general population. Mexican immigrants, including the undocumented, use
      a variety of health services. Hospital services are not the primary source of
      care. However, when undocumented respondents did use hospital services, they were
      more likely to use emergency room care than their legally-immigrated
      counterparts, who were more likely to use out-patient services. Finally,
      undocumented respondents tended to neglect preventive services as evidenced by
      examination of the use of pre-natal care, general check-ups and dental services.

PMID- 4035413
TI  - Unsung questions of medical ethics.
AB  - Official doctrines of medical ethics have become increasingly 'patient-centered':
      physicians are exhorted to respect patients' autonomy and to encourage patient
      participation in decision making; physicians in general medicine and primary
      care, especially, are urged to develop psychosocial competence, cross-cultural
      sensitivity and communications skills. These official values are undermined and
      contradicted, however, by the routines and assumptions that physicians use to
      organize their everyday work. These routines are taken so for granted as natural
      and required for the smooth, orderly practice of medicine that they escape
      evaluation for the implicit values they contain. Yet, they reinforce a particular
      view of appropriate roles and responsibilities for both physician and patient in
      the medical system, including the agenda and purpose of the medical interview;
      the level and amount of information to share with patients; and the power
      structure of the physician-patient relationship. These values, hidden in the
      routines of daily practice, are unsung questions of medical ethics. A fallacy in
      calls for greater patient participation in medical care is that this
      participation can flourish by simple addition, without reform of the ordinary
      structures of everyday practice. It is unlikely that these structures will change
      unless their normally invisible value commitments are drawn out of the obscurity
      of routine, and made subjects for public scrutiny and choice.

PMID- 4035414
TI  - Health services and the political culture of Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Health services occupy a high priority in the development agenda of Saudi Arabia,
      Saudi culture--devotion to Islam, extended-family values, the segregated status
      of females and the Al Saud monarchic hegemony--is being formulated in an
      increasingly deliberate fashion, constituting a new 'political culture' which
      acts as a screen to insure that technological and human progress remain within
      acceptable bounds. There is a general disposition on the part of the Saudi
      populace to use modern health services as these become available, largely under
      governmental auspice. The role of the government in providing health care for
      pilgrims during the hajj to Mecca is of particular culture importance. Cultural
      sensitivities concerning male physicians and female patients will be minimized by
      the training of a substantial number of Saudi female physicians, whose efforts
      will be directed toward female patients. At present, most health care in the
      Kingdom is delivered by male expatriate physicians, as part of the general
      massive reliance upon expatriate workers: although the expatriates will
      eventually be replaced by Saudi physicians, this dependency, which is felt to
      threaten Saudi culture, will continue for a decade or more. Private medicine is
      rapidly increasing though not on the same scale as government medicine. The
      provision of government health services is a source of legitimation for the Al
      Saud regime. In general, health services appear to constitute a form of
      modernization which meets the test of cultural compatibility.

PMID- 4035415
TI  - The reinterpretation of Western pharmaceuticals among the Mende of Sierra Leone.
AB  - The inappropriate use of Western medicines among the Mende of Sierra Leone is
      addressed as a cultural issue. We show that traditional beliefs about diseases
      and treatments have provided the explanatory framework for the contemporary Mende
      in reinterpreting the function of many Western medicines that are available to
      them. People appear to base their treatment decisions largely on traditional
      notions of the efficacy of a medicine of a particular color, consistency, taste,
      size, and reputed success in treating analogous illnesses. This helps to explain
      why people's uses of these medicines are often at odds with Western
      manufacturers' assumptions about their appropriate uses. Implications of these
      uses for local as well as international health are drawn.

PMID- 4035416
TI  - Traditional infant feeding practices: right or wrong?
AB  - Infant feeding practices, breastmilk and food intake and post-natal growth in
      Madura, East Java, Indonesia and Machakos, Kenya are described. Breastfeeding is
      commonly practised. Additional foods are introduced the first week post-partum in
      Madura and at age 2-3 months in Machakos. Growth started to falter at 2-3 months
      in Madura but was acceptable during the first 6 months in Machakos. It was felt
      that apart from breastfeeding and morbidity, other factors pertaining to mother's
      perceptions about what infants should eat and her possibility to make suitable
      weaning foods, should be considered to understand the background of growth
      faltering.

PMID- 4035417
TI  - Decision to adopt new medical technology: a case study of thrombolytic therapy.
AB  - New medical technologies are adopted by practising physicians at varying rates.
      Thrombolytic therapy is an example of a technological advance that many
      physicians have seemed reluctant to employ. A random sample of board certified
      internists was surveyed by mail to study factors that influence decisions to use
      thrombolytic agents. Variables important in predicting use were identified by
      discriminant analysis. In general users and non-users had similar assumptions
      about the risks and benefits of this technology. Among the important predictor
      variables were a perception of having patients suitable for treatment,
      availability of the agents and self-rating of knowledge about this therapy. Among
      questions related to type of practice and education, only subspecialization and
      textbook reading were important discriminators. These results suggest that
      decisions to adopt new technologies do not follow simply from risk-benefit
      assessments.

PMID- 4035418
TI  - Preventive care attitudes of medical students.
AB  - Presently developing attitudes of future physicians towards preventive medicine
      will likely provide either a major impetus for or barriers to the inclusion of
      preventive medicine content in medical school curricula and in other formats of
      physician education. In turn, attitudes about preventive care and its role in
      medical practice will continue to have a large influence on how much disease
      prevention and health promotion emphasis physicians provide in their practices.
      Consequently, it becomes important to study how medical students' attitudes
      evolve during the process of medical education. Furthermore, to the extent that
      we can better understand how desired attitudes can be developed and nurtured, the
      practice of preventive medicine may become more purposeful. Beginning and third
      year medical students were surveyed with a 100-item questionnaire designed to
      assess their attitudes regarding: the relative importance of 20 specific
      preventive services to the practice of medicine and the adequacy of preclinical
      coursework for preparing them to offer preventive care in medical practice. The
      confidence of third year students' in the ability of primary care physicians to
      provide these specific services was also assessed. Preventive care service areas
      about which third-year students expressed high confidence in the ability of
      physicians to provide were: immunizations, health screening physicals, blood
      pressure control, cancer detection education, family planning, health
      counseling/education, and sexually transmitted disease prevention. Services that
      students had low confidence in the ability of physicians to provide were: smoking
      cessation, nutrition counseling/education and weight reduction.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4035419
TI  - The relevance of the social sciences to health care delivery.

PMID- 4035420
TI  - Trust, talk and touch in Balkan folk healing.
AB  - Broadly based in long-term anthropological fieldwork in the Balkans (in Serbia,
      Macedonia and Bulgaria), this discussion of folk healing techniques illustrates
      how convergence in the patient/practitioner relationship is of prime importance
      in effecting a positive outcome. Sumadija in central Serbia is selected as an
      example, and treatment for erysipelas, a common health problem which villagers
      call 'the red wind', is described and analyzed. Against a sociocultural
      background in which the collective wisdom of the past is retained and transmitted
      orally to contemporary healers, especially to the bajalica, or conjurer who heals
      with words, it is shown how shared communicative modes of trust, talk and touch
      are essential to the ritual psychomancy by which the treatment 'works'. Also
      considered are the ritual roles of women in this patriarchal society and
      peasants' perceptions of folk pharmacology as being extraneous to the eventual
      cure. Connections between cultural responses and physiological responses as
      manifested in the villages are suggested as counterparts of Western symptomatic
      treatments related to behavior modification.

PMID- 4035421
TI  - Support networks developed by immigrant women.
AB  - Women with young children who were immigrants to Canada were interviewed to
      understand how they defined their needs and what resources they perceived to be
      available to meet their needs. All of the women described a need to feel as if
      they belonged in Canada and had people to turn to for personal support. The women
      identified general groups of people they perceived as able to provide them with
      differing forms of support. The three groups were labelled; kin, insider and
      outsider. The women also described how they used the sources of support and the
      feelings which resulted from their interactions with members of the support
      groups. The conceptualization which was developed from the data suggests women
      may follow a pathway in developing a support network. How this information might
      be used by health professionals in clinical practice is discussed.

PMID- 4035422
TI  - Social support and learning in preventive health care.
AB  - This paper analyzes social learning processes in mutual support groups that were
      developed to facilitate clients' understanding of cardiovascular diseases and
      their responsibilities for health maintenance. It is based upon a 3-year study of
      supportive health care in a community of low-income Black and Latino families in
      south-central Los Angeles, California. Participant-observation and small group
      research have been employed to understand the learning styles that help
      chronically ill clients to identity their roles and thereby reduce the anxiety
      and uncertainty that often accompany a therapeutic regimen.

PMID- 4035423
TI  - Influences on the antenatal clinic attendance of Central Province women in Port
      Moresby, PNG.
AB  - Public antenatal health care services in the National Capital District (NCD) of
      Papua New Guinea are provided at some of the nurse operated urban satellite
      clinics and at a large outpatient clinic at Port Moresby General Hospital (PMGH).
      The major functions of the antenatal clinics are screening for high risk cases
      and giving routine medications. In this they are following the policy of the
      National Health Plan and the recommendations of the Public Health Department
      reports on which it was partially based. The purpose of this study was to examine
      some of the characteristics of a particular segment of the clientele at the PMGH
      antenatal clinic and to explore their motivation for attendance, especially the
      timing of their first visit. After an initial survey of the clinic record cards
      of all women attending the PMGH clinic in September 1980, interviews were
      conducted with a stratified sample of women attending clinic sometime between
      February and June 1981. Only women indigenous to the NCD and the surrounding
      province were included in the study. From clinic record cards, information was
      obtained on each woman's residence, birthplace, parity, gestational stage at
      first clinic visit, place of previous deliveries, clinical/laboratory measures
      and obstetric history. The interviews were conducted in a private room near the
      clinic in a language preferred by the interviewee. Their responses clarified some
      of the background data on their clinic cards and provided additional information
      on why they came to the clinic when they did. In general, the sample group was
      highly oriented toward Western-based medical care. They came to have themselves
      and their babies examined for possible problems, to receive the right amounts of
      the right medicines, and to get information. This was consistent with both policy
      and services. They also came because of the perceived effectiveness of the clinic
      and sometimes because it was the 'proper thing to do'. Many factors influenced
      their choice of when and where to seek antenatal services, including advice from
      husbands as well as from traditional female sources. Their previous experiences
      with hospitals and clinics and with pregnancy in general were also important.

PMID- 4035424
TI  - The health belief model and preventive health behaviour in Singapore.
AB  - Every theoretical model in the social sciences confronts a common challenge: to
      maintain its explanatory power in different cultural contexts. This is, of
      course, only one of many challenges faced in theory building. But, this
      discussion shall focus only on the possibility of a cultural bias. More
      specifically, the aim of this paper is to discuss some of the findings from a
      test of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in a multi-ethnic society, Singapore. The
      HBM is a theoretical framework frequently used in the analysis of health-related
      behaviour. The discussion will be divided into four sections. The first section
      will present briefly the components of the HBM. The second section will summarize
      the procedure used to conduct the empirical test of the HBM. And the third and
      final sections shall deal with the comparison of preventive health behaviour
      among three ethnic subpopulations in Singapore, highlighting the main findings of
      the test of the HBM.

PMID- 4035425
TI  - Changing patterns of modern youth movements.

PMID- 4035426
TI  - Colonoscopy and the barium enema: a radiologic viewpoint.
AB  - Adherents of colonoscopy are recommending that it replace the radiologic
      examination as the initial diagnostic study of the colon. We present the
      radiologic view, supporting the barium enema as a more practical approach to
      initial diagnostic evaluation. The radiologic examination is an equally reliable,
      less costly, and much safer method for detecting colonic disease.

PMID- 4035427
TI  - Gastroplasty in morbid obesity: observations in 300 patients.
AB  - Morbid obesity is associated with a number of life-threatening complications.
      Medical treatment of morbid obesity is rarely successful. Gastric reduction has
      replaced intestinal bypass as the surgical treatment of choice. Indications for
      operation are fairly standardized, and complications and results are similar in
      most large series. In our series of 300 gastroplasties done during the past four
      years, weight loss compares favorably with that in other reported series. Our
      hospital complication rate has been low because of short operating time and early
      ambulation. Postoperative vomiting has been reduced by enlarging the stoma.
      Revision rate was between 1% and 2% per year. The surgical treatment of morbid
      obesity requires a great deal of personal contact between surgeon and patient in
      the preoperative and postoperative periods. Because these patients tend not to
      comply with the dietary restrictions of the operation, close follow-up care is
      required.

PMID- 4035428
TI  - Gallbladder disease related to use of oral contraceptives and nausea in
      pregnancy.
AB  - In our series of women with confirmed gallbladder disease, intolerance of oral
      contraceptives was remarkably high. Among women who did not tolerate oral
      contraceptives there was a remarkably high percentage of emesis gravidarum. The
      frequency of cholecystectomy declined substantially between 1971 and 1981. This
      decrement was especially pronounced in women younger than 40, which could be
      attributed to the reduced "hormonal load" from both fewer pregnancies and reduced
      intake of contraceptive steroids.

PMID- 4035429
TI  - Fine needle aspiration of the lung: a study of 53 consecutive cases.
AB  - We reviewed our fine needle aspirations of the lung and chest on 53 consecutive
      patients from January 1979 through June 1982. Almost all of the patients had been
      studied by sputum and bronchial cytology and many by bronchial or transbronchial
      biopsy, but none of the patients had a definitive diagnosis. All of the lung
      aspirates were done in the department of radiology, using a 22 gauge Chiba
      disposable needle and the Wright-Giemsa stain. Twenty-four cases (45%) were
      diagnosed as malignant and ten cases (19%) were considered suggestive. Nineteen
      cases (36%) were read as negative for malignant cells, but in six of these cases
      (11% of total) we were able to make the diagnosis of an infectious process based
      on characteristic cytologic findings.

PMID- 4035430
TI  - Pancreatic cancer: unreliability of frozen section in diagnosis.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with a resectable mass in the head of the pancreas had
      pancreaticoduodenectomy for suspected or proven cancer. Twenty-eight proved to
      have cancer (15 periampullary and 13 pancreatic), and four had pancreatitis. The
      five-year survival for periampullary and pancreatic cancer was 25% and 0%,
      respectively. The operative mortality was 19%. There were no false-positive
      frozen section diagnoses. Seventy-five percent with negative frozen section
      proved to have cancer, of which 17% were five-year survivors. Surgical judgment
      based on clinical findings may be more reliable than a negative frozen section in
      the diagnosis of suspected malignancy. Pancreaticoduodenectomy can be done on the
      basis of clinical judgment when no tumor is seen on frozen section of a mass in
      the head of the pancreas.

PMID- 4035431
TI  - Compensatory growth in infants with severe failure to thrive.
AB  - We studied compensatory growth and caloric intake during an accelerated growth
      period of ten infants with severe failure to thrive (FTT). The mean age at
      diagnosis was 7.1 months (range 1.5 to 16.0 months). The average percentage of
      normal weight for age in this group was 54.9%, mean length was 58 cm (86% normal
      for age), and the mean head circumference was 39.7 cm (92% normal for age).
      Compensatory growth rebound was completed after 6.2 months (range 3.5 to 9.0
      months). Minimal calorie counts during peak rate of growth averaged 187
      kcal/kg/day (range 147 to 213). The final group average percentage of normal
      weight for age was 95.5%, an increase of 40%. The group of rebounding infants
      gained 31 gm/day. The group's length increased to 94% of that expected for age
      and head circumference to 98% of that expected for age. Like malnourished
      infants, these with FTT had compensatory growth when managed with ad libitum
      caloric intake equal to twice the expected intake.

PMID- 4035432
TI  - Risk of tuberculous infection among house staff in an urban teaching hospital.
AB  - Physicians in training in our medical center were found to have a higher risk of
      tuberculous infection than other hospital employees. Their annual tuberculin
      conversion rate was 3.96%; in two of the 15 recent converters, active disease
      developed. There is a significant linear relationship between the acquisition of
      tuberculous infection and the duration of training in an urban teaching hospital.
      Their compliance rate to annual tuberculin testing and chemoprophylaxis is less
      than 50%.

PMID- 4035433
TI  - Descriptive epidemiology of night sweats upon admission to a university hospital.
AB  - Between March 1 and Sept 1, 1980, we interviewed a 25% random sample of patients
      admitted to medicine, surgery, and obstetric, and gynecology services to
      determine the frequency and descriptive characteristics of night sweats (NS).
      Seventy-two (41%) of 174 patients interviewed reported NS within three months
      before admission. Obstetric patients reported NS significantly more often than
      nonobstetric patients (60% vs 33%, P less than .02). The duration of NS ranged
      from one day to 27 years (mean 10.5 months; median two months). NS were mild in
      36 (50%), moderate in 17 (24%), and severe in 19 (26%). Severe NS were reported
      significantly more often by nonobstetric patients, and most often by those on the
      medicine service. Among nonobstetric patients, NS were associated with metastatic
      adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland, and severe NS with the use of antipyretics.
      NS were not associated with elevated temperature measurements during
      hospitalization.

PMID- 4035434
TI  - Primary aldosteronism: computerized tomography in preoperative evaluation.
AB  - We reviewed the value of computerized tomography (CT) in the preoperative
      evaluation of 34 patients with primary aldosteronism. All 34 patients entered a
      standard protocol including saline suppression testing, abdominal CT scanning,
      and adrenal venous sampling. Surgical pathologic findings, biochemical
      determinations, and clinical response to adrenalectomy were the criteria used to
      evaluate 68 adrenals in 34 patients. Of 36 diseased glands 17 were correctly
      identified by CT (48%). Of the 32 normal glands, 29 were identified correctly by
      CT (91%). Thus, CT is not sensitive (0.48), but very specific (0.91) in Conn's
      syndrome. Our patients were divided into two groups: group 1 were those scanned
      between 1977 and 1980, group 2 were those scanned from 1981 to 1983 with a high
      resolution GE-8800 scanner. CT results in group 2 showed no significant
      improvement in specificity (0.92), but improvement in sensitivity (0.58) over
      group 1 (specificity 0.90, sensitivity 0.42). Furthermore, CT is less sensitive
      in patients with smaller tumors than in those with larger tumors.

PMID- 4035435
TI  - Failure of cimetidine as an immunomodulator in cancer patients and normal
      subjects.
AB  - Our pilot study of cimetidine as an immunomodulator in cancer patients showed no
      effect at clinically used doses on total blood, neutrophil, lymphocyte, or
      monocyte count, quantitative immunoglobulin, percentage of E-rosetting cells,
      phytohemagglutinin responses or delayed hypersensitivity responsiveness. We
      concluded that in clinically used doses, cimetidine produces no significant
      immunomodulation either in vivo or in vitro.

PMID- 4035436
TI  - Applanation pneumotonometry in screening for glaucoma.
AB  - Two pneumotonometers were compared to the Goldmann applanation tonometer for
      adequacy as intraocular pressure screening devices in terms of sensitivity and
      specificity. The Digilab Model 30D, with digital readout, produced fewer false
      negative results than the Model 30R, with graph readout, and was thus the more
      sensitive instrument. Although as a consequence some specificity was lost, this
      was not considered critical, since in a screening situation, sensitivity is the
      essential requirement. In addition, with the Model 30R, it was difficult to
      obtain a valid tracing in 17% of the eyes.

PMID- 4035437
TI  - Evaluation of the pancreas by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and
      computerized tomography.

PMID- 4035438
TI  - Pain relief: for cancer victims only.

PMID- 4035439
TI  - Marrow cell uptake by megakaryocytes and naked megakaryocyte nuclei in routine
      bone marrow examination.

PMID- 4035440
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with a hypernephroma.
AB  - This report describes a case of warm-antibody-mediated hemolytic anemia
      associated with a hypernephroma. Only four patients with renal cell carcinoma and
      Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia have been reported previously. Although rare,
      the occurrence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in association with a hypernephroma
      should be considered one of the possible hematologic complications of this tumor.

PMID- 4035441
TI  - Emergency management of tracheal rupture.
AB  - We have described a patient in whom tracheal rupture occurred during prolonged
      mechanical ventilation. Appropriate intensive respiratory care management,
      including the use of the minimal leak technique, was used. Our patient
      unfortunately had nearly every known predisposing factor for tracheal damage.

PMID- 4035442
TI  - Herpes simplex esophagitis in healthy adults.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus may cause esophagitis, usually in patients with malignant
      neoplasms or immunocompromise. We have reported three cases of herpes simplex
      esophagitis in healthy young men, all of whom had positive mucosal biopsy culture
      for herpes simplex virus. All three patients recovered quickly without specific
      therapy.

PMID- 4035443
TI  - Lactobacillemia in pregnancy.
AB  - A pregnant woman allergic to penicillin was successfully treated with
      erythromycin for pyelonephritis and bacteremia caused by Lactobacillus.

PMID- 4035444
TI  - Sarcoidosis: a cause of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy after excision of
      malignant melanoma of the arm.
AB  - Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy developed in a patient one year after excision of
      a malignant melanoma of the left arm. There were no signs of distant metastases.
      Hilar lymph node biopsy specimen obtained by mediastinoscopy showed multiple
      noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis, without evidence of tumor
      cells. Sarcoidosis developing in the course of a preexisting neoplasm is rare,
      but must be considered in order to establish a proper diagnosis and withhold
      unnecessary treatment.

PMID- 4035446
TI  - Stubborn otitis externa.

PMID- 4035445
TI  - Pacemaker-associated sepsis: successful medical management.
AB  - We have presented a case of Staphylococcus aureus septicemia in a patient with a
      transvenous pacemaker who responded to conservative medical therapy.

PMID- 4035447
TI  - "Love Boat" hepatitis.

PMID- 4035448
TI  - Nonresolving Cushing's syndrome due to depot methylprednisolone verified by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4035449
TI  - The public image of psychiatry.

PMID- 4035450
TI  - Unemployment and male-female labor force participation as determinants of
      changing suicide rates of males and females in Quebec.

PMID- 4035451
TI  - The Social Interview Schedule (SIS)--content, structure and reliability.

PMID- 4035452
TI  - Housing type, housing location and mental health.

PMID- 4035453
TI  - [Sociological study and typological analysis of a population of drug addicts in
      outpatient care].

PMID- 4035454
TI  - A cross-cultural study of confidentiality.

PMID- 4035455
TI  - Determination of treatment disposal for parasuicide patients in a German
      university hospital.

PMID- 4035456
TI  - [Long-term results of the surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst].

PMID- 4035457
TI  - [Therapeutic tactics in rectal cancer in advanced age].

PMID- 4035458
TI  - [Reconstruction of a traumatic defect of the diaphragm using an artificial
      prosthesis in an experiment].

PMID- 4035459
TI  - [Extra-anatomic bypasses in reconstructive arterial surgery].

PMID- 4035460
TI  - [The effect of phenothiazines on reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium].

PMID- 4035461
TI  - [The technic of phenolization of fistulae in pilonidal cysts].

PMID- 4035462
TI  - [External fistulae of the digestive tract].

PMID- 4035463
TI  - [Postcatheterization thrombosis of the femoro-iliac veins in children].

PMID- 4035465
TI  - [Gout and urolithiasis].

PMID- 4035464
TI  - [Possible errors in the diagnosis of Bochdalek's congenital diaphragmatic
      hernia].

PMID- 4035466
TI  - [A study of amyloidogenesis in relation to SAA levels in inflammatory diseases].

PMID- 4035467
TI  - [Basal ganglia calcification in two children with systemic lupus erythematosus
      and neuropsychiatric manifestations].

PMID- 4035468
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis--their association with IgM
      rheumatoid factor, anatomical stages and functional classes].

PMID- 4035470
TI  - The undergraduate student and the study of ophthalmology.

PMID- 4035469
TI  - Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery.

PMID- 4035471
TI  - Pulmonary rupture caused a rapid decompression of a post-lobectomy pneumothorax.

PMID- 4035472
TI  - The adult tethered cord syndrome.

PMID- 4035473
TI  - Legal and ethical obligations and medical training.

PMID- 4035474
TI  - Changes in infant mortality rates among whites, coloureds and urban blacks in the
      RSA over the period 1970-1983.
AB  - Using national mortality statistics, we found that infant mortality rates (IMRs)
      declined among whites and coloureds in the RSA over the period 1970-1983, the
      decrease in coloured IMR being from 134,8 to 50,7/1 000 and that in white IMR
      from 21,6 to 12,6/1 000. The decrease in the IMR among coloureds was mainly due
      to the decline in post-neonatal mortality rates (PNMRs). Since post-neonatal
      deaths are generally due to gastro-enteritis, pneumonia, malnutrition and
      measles, the decline in mortality is probably due to a decrease in these causes.
      The decrease in early neonatal mortality made only a small contribution to the
      decline in the IMR among coloureds. In the case of whites the decrease in the IMR
      was largely due to the decline in the early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR); these
      deaths usually result from low birth weight, the respiratory distress syndrome,
      asphyxia and infections. The decline in the PNMR played a minor role. National
      IMRs for blacks are not reported annually, but IMRs can be calculated for the two
      census years 1970 and 1980 for blacks in 34 'selected' (urban) magisterial
      districts, and were 124,4 and 85,9/1 000 respectively. A valid IMR for 'rural'
      Transkei from a well-conducted epidemiological study was 130/1 000 in 1980. The
      components of the IMRs for blacks can only be determined for certain urban areas
      with large black populations such as Soweto (adjacent to Johannesburg), where the
      IMR fell from 81,4/1 000 in 1970 to 25,5/1 000 in 1983. The decline in the IMR
      was due to decreases in both the ENMR and the PNMR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4035475
TI  - The epidemiology of accidental poisoning in children.
AB  - During a 1-year period (1 March 1982-28 February 1983) 272 children were admitted
      to the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, after accidental
      poisoning. More boys than girls were admitted, and children between the ages of
      12 months and 3 years were the most vulnerable. More than half the patients were
      coloured; blacks and whites represented minorities. Most cases appear to occur
      during the summer months (November, December and January). Medicines were
      responsible for most cases of accidental poisoning in whites and coloureds, but
      household preparations were responsible for most cases in blacks. The above
      findings are compared with previous yearly statistics.

PMID- 4035476
TI  - Hypertension in white South African miners.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of hypertension among white
      South African miners, examine risk factors for hypertension, identify adverse
      outcomes of hypertension, and evaluate the extent and efficacy of treatment for
      hypertension. A total of 11686 miners was assessed. The prevalence of
      hypertension was comparable to that in three occupational groups in the USA and
      probably comparable to a group of urban males in Durban, although differences in
      methods did not allow precise comparison with this population. Obesity was an
      important risk factor. Electrocardiographic abnormalities, especially premature
      ventricular contractions, right and left bundle-branch block and myocardial
      infarction, were associated with elevated first recorded blood pressure. Of the
      468 miners in the cross-sectional study who stated that they were taking
      antihypertensive medication, only 30% had diastolic blood pressures lower than 90
      mmHg.

PMID- 4035477
TI  - The effect of cholecystectomy on bile reflux. An experimental study.
AB  - In an experimental study the effect of cholecystectomy on bile reflux into the
      stomach was investigated. Five dogs were used and a large number of bile reflux
      measurements carried out (115 tests). During each test, reflux was measured over
      a continuous period of 6 hours by estimating the concentration of bile
      phospholipids (lecithin and lysolecithin) in the gastric juice. The pre
      cholecystectomy phospholipid concentration in the stomach was 7,751 +/- 1,621
      mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) and the post-cholecystectomy concentration 35,181 +/- 10,653
      mg/dl (P less than 0,05). Two dogs developed gastric mucosal changes, mainly
      foveolar hyperplasia. The importance of measuring reflux repeatedly over long
      periods of time in order to get a more representative picture of reflux is
      stressed.

PMID- 4035478
TI  - The modified vital index in prehospital emergency care.
AB  - Many vital indices and scores have been proposed and used, particularly in
      relation to trauma. Most were primarily designed for and, within limits, are
      successful in hospital application. Attempts to use all or part of these in the
      prehospital context are misguided. There is a major difference between this phase
      of emergency care and hospital care, and that is the inability to provide a
      definitive end-point of treatment. A new score is proposed, the modified vital
      index (MVI) based on vital signs and other parameters important in the
      prehospital context. The value of the MVI lies in its adaptability to emergency
      medical care systems at all stages of development. The necessity for the MVI is
      outlined, as is the detailed working of the system. The hope is expressed that
      through adaptation of the MVI in different areas a consolidated prehospital
      scoring system may be achieved.

PMID- 4035479
TI  - A profile of 125 women requesting reversal of sterilization.
AB  - A series of 125 consecutive requests from patients in a private practice for
      reversal of sterilization has been analysed. Most of the women (65,6%) had
      changed their marital status since the sterilization, 93,9% of these having been
      divorced (most of whom remarried--73,1% of the new husbands being younger than
      their wives and 89,6% marrying for the first time) and 6,1% widowed. In the 34,4%
      in whom there had been no change in marital status, a reappraisal and the wish to
      have another baby, sometimes consequent upon the death of a child (16,3%) or an
      improvement in health (7,0%) led to the request for reversal of sterilization. At
      the time of sterilization 64,8% of the women had been under the age of 30 years,
      and 82 (65,6%) had not had a stable marriage. This indicates that very careful
      counselling should be carried out before sterilizing patients, and also before
      considering reversal of the operation.

PMID- 4035480
TI  - A consumer approach to a paediatric assessment clinic.
AB  - The past 20 years have witnessed a revolution in the treatment of mentally
      retarded children. Initially, parents received very little help after the
      diagnosis was made. Towards the end of the 1960s parents were trained in
      techniques devised by professionals. A new concept, called the 'consumer model',
      where parents form an important part of the caring team in selecting a programme
      best suited to their current needs, is at present developing. With this in mind a
      survey was carried out by the Assessment Clinic at the Transvaal Memorial
      Institute for Child Health and Development, Johannesburg, to ascertain parents'
      needs and their opinions of the service received at the clinic. Thirty-seven
      parents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The results are
      discussed and the subsequent changes made at the clinic presented. The need for
      an ongoing evaluation of such a service is emphasized.

PMID- 4035481
TI  - Cholera in children at Eshowe Hospital.
AB  - During a 2-week period in May 1983 Eshowe Hospital inpatients were screened for
      cholera and positive cases were found on all the wards that were investigated.
      The high incidence among paediatric patients suggested the possibility of an
      epidemic in the community and/or cross-infection within the ward. At this time 9
      paediatric nurses were found to have cholera-positive stools and subsequently 8
      children contracted cholera after admission to hospital. The possibility of cross
      infection by person-to-person transmission is suggested. In the second part of
      this study, our clinical experience of cholera among inpatients during the period
      January 1983 - March 1984 is reviewed. The number of children in hospital with
      cholera-positive stools decreased sharply during the winter months; this was
      possibly related to variations in both temperature and rainfall. The full range
      of symptomatology was seen and several children had repeated episodes of proven
      cholera. The mortality was highest in bottlefed babies who were malnourished or
      under 1 year of age. Between 30 May and 15 June 1983, 293 consecutive children
      attending the paediatric outpatients department were screened for cholera; 99
      cases were confirmed. Thus cholera was shown to be present in the paediatric
      community outside Eshowe Hospital. Diagnosis based on the history and clinical
      findings proved unreliable and laboratory investigation was essential. Rivers
      were the most common and dangerous source of domestic water. The majority of
      accompanying adults questioned were using untreated water or failing to treat the
      water adequately.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4035482
TI  - The present and future role of general practice surgery.
AB  - In the RSA a general practitioner may perform any operation he feels competent to
      do. This contention is discussed, the type and frequency of operations performed
      by GPs is described, and the changing role of general practice surgery, its
      medicolegal implications, and the experience and training needed are outlined.

PMID- 4035483
TI  - Aims and attitudes--teaching primary health care at UCT.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the attitude of student interns
      completing their exposure to primary health care (PHC) to: (i) the need for the
      teaching of PHC; (ii) whether or not the aims of the block had been realized in
      their case; (iii) the tutors as clinicians and as teachers; (iv) the structure of
      the exposure; and (v) the PHC emphasis they would have liked. Of a class of 188
      student interns, 156 completed an attitude questionnaire (a statement is given
      and students indicate whether they agree, disagree, or are uncertain). It was
      found that 96% wanted teaching in PHC, 90% thought that they had improved their
      skill in assessing and managing PHC problems, 82% thought that they had improved
      their consultation technique, 88% thought that their tutors were competent
      clinically and 79% that they were competent as teachers, 61% wanted more exposure
      to Third World PHC, 47% wanted more exposure to Western family practice, and 41%
      were dissatisfied with sections of the exposure. An attitude survey can provide
      useful feedback from student interns on the relevance, aims, effectiveness,
      structure and teaching of PHC block.

PMID- 4035484
TI  - Mismatched blood transfusion. A case report.
AB  - Blood transfusion reactions due to mismatching are fortunately very rare. A case
      of a patient being given incompatible blood to correct postoperative anaemia is
      reported and the management discussed.

PMID- 4035485
TI  - Left atrial myxoma in a 13-month-old infant.
AB  - The presentation, diagnosis and management of a 13-month-old child with a left
      atrial myxoma is described. The value of echocardiography in confirming the
      diagnosis is emphasized.

PMID- 4035486
TI  - Beriberi heart disease. A case report describing the haemodynamic features.
AB  - Beriberi heart disease should be considered in all patients with cardiac failure
      and a history of alcohol abuse or dietary deficiency. We studied the haemodynamic
      changes which took place immediately after intravenous administration of thiamine
      to a patient with high-output beriberi. Cardiac output and stroke volume fell
      rapidly, but not below normal levels, and systemic vascular resistance rose.

PMID- 4035487
TI  - Hamartomas of the head and neck. A report of 4 cases.
AB  - Hamartomas in the head and neck region are unusual, and few reports of such
      lesions are found in the literature. Four cases of hamartoma are described. Two
      were lymphoid hamartomas (1 occurred in the neck and 1 in the parotid gland), the
      third was a vascular hamartoma of the ethmoid, and the fourth was found in the
      neck and was composed of cartilage and fibrofatty tissue.

PMID- 4035488
TI  - Teaching and practice dichotomies.

PMID- 4035489
TI  - Black mamba envenomation.

PMID- 4035490
TI  - Safer blood--supplementation of blood products with anti-HBs.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection and
      quantitation of antibodies (anti-HBs) to the surface antigen of the hepatitis B
      virus (HBsAg). The ELISA uses HBsAg as the solid phase, and, after conjugation to
      horseradish peroxidase, also as the conjugate. Conditions for this assay were
      optimized and a rapid (1.5 hours) ELISA has evolved which works very
      satisfactorily for the large-scale screening of donated blood. We have used this
      ELISA to examine donated blood in Natal and concluded that we cannot initiate a
      programme of anti-HBs supplementation of parenteral blood products without
      hyperimmunization and plasmapheresis of selected, voluntary donors.

PMID- 4035491
TI  - Value of glycosylated haemoglobin determination in diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - A single measurement of total maternal glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb A1) in the
      late third trimester of a diabetic pregnancy is of limited value in assessing
      diabetic control. There was no significant correlation between maternal Hb A1
      values and neonatal C-peptide values or birth-weight ratios. An isolated Hb A1
      measurement is not sufficiently sensitive to monitor the control of diabetes
      during pregnancy nor is it useful in predicting perinatal outcome.

PMID- 4035492
TI  - Cancer of the cervix. Some aspects of epidemiology, screening, risk factors and
      survival.
AB  - Early statistics on the occurrence of cancer of the cervix are unreliable. What
      is certain is that between 1950 and 1965 incidence rates (IRs) and mortality
      rates (MRs) fell considerably in most Western populations. Recently, however,
      rates in the 15-35-year age group of some populations have risen two- to
      threefold. In some developing populations, especially in South America and
      Africa, rates are very high--up to eight times those in most Western populations.
      Risk factors include early age at first intercourse, low socio-economic state,
      having multiple partners, smoking, being widowed or divorced, and having a
      husband who has had multiple partners. The modus operandi of carcinogenesis is
      not known. Screening, using the Papanicolaou test, has markedly reduced the IRs
      and MRs, particularly in certain Scandinavian populations. In Western populations
      40-60% of patients attain 5-year survival. Understandably, in individual patients
      the crucial regulating factor is the stage of disease when diagnosed. Among those
      at stage I, 70-90% survive for 5 years or more, whereas only 0-25% of patients
      diagnosed at stage IV do. In Soweto, Johannesburg, length of survival in a series
      of black patients whose staging pattern did not markedly differ from that in
      Western series was less than half that in the latter. Undoubtedly, as repeatedly
      urged, appropriate selective screening and health education could effectively
      reduce the toll of mortality, especially in high-risk developing populations.

PMID- 4035493
TI  - [Abdominal aorta aneurysm in aged patients. Is an operation worthwhile?].
AB  - Although abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an unpredictable and sometimes fatal
      condition, it can be cured, and studies have indicated that improved peri
      operative care has led to a lowering of the operative risk in the elderly. In
      this study mortality after AAA repair was 3,8% in patients over 60 years compared
      with 3,2% in those under 60 years. Eighty-seven per cent of the over-60s regained
      their physical capacities after the operation, and 92% considered the operation
      to have been worth while. A plea is made that all patients with AAA be referred
      to a hospital for objective evaluation of the operative risks with a view to
      elective surgery, since the mortality from ruptured aneurysms is still in the
      region of 50%.

PMID- 4035494
TI  - Blood lead levels in a remote, unpolluted rural area in South Africa.
AB  - The whole-blood lead levels of 14-16-year-olds in a remote, unpolluted rural area
      (Wupperthal, north-western Cape Province) were determined. Graphite-furnace
      atomic absorption spectrometry was used to analyse lead levels. The mean whole
      blood lead level was found to be 3,4 micrograms/dl. This value should also be
      considered to be representative of the natural 'background' whole-blood lead
      level of South Africans.

PMID- 4035495
TI  - AIDS--its implications for South African homosexuals and the mediating role of
      the medical practitioner.
AB  - The concerns of people affected by the current 'AIDS scare' are discussed from a
      holistic point of view, incorporating medical, psychological and social factors.
      Parameters of homosexual experience are described fully. The medical practitioner
      is encouraged to obtain an extensive psychosexual history from concerned patients
      on the guidelines presented. AIDS is a community health issue in which the
      medical practitioner plays a pivotal role in diagnosis, counselling, referral and
      patient education.

PMID- 4035496
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma of the oral cavity. A case report.
AB  - A case of Kaposi's sarcoma of the oral cavity in a 54-year-old black man is
      reported. The possible association with acquired immune deficiency syndrome is
      emphasized and the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of oral Kaposi's sarcoma
      are discussed.

PMID- 4035497
TI  - Painful muscle spasm reversed by magnesium sulphate. A case report.
AB  - A 25-year-old paraplegic man who had sustained a T3/T4 vertebral compression
      fracture 3 years previously presented with severe, painful spasm of the left
      hamstring muscle group of 2 hours' duration. This spasm produced extreme knee
      flexion of a degree which held the left foot posterior to the right buttock. An
      intravenous injection of 2 g magnesium sulphate produced immediate relief.
      Possible mechanisms of action of magnesium are discussed.

PMID- 4035498
TI  - Rectal spirochaetosis--symptomatic response to metronidazole and mebendazole. A
      case report.
AB  - A white homosexual man presented with a 6-week history of intermittent diarrhoea,
      abdominal pain, nausea and malaise. Threadworm infestation was present, but other
      gastro-intestinal infection was excluded. Rectal spirochaetosis was found on
      examination of a rectal biopsy specimen. The patient's symptoms disappeared and
      the rectal tissue returned to normal on biopsy after treatment with metronidazole
      and mebendazole. It is suggested that the symptoms were directly related to the
      presence of rectal spirochaetosis, which responded to the antibiotic.

PMID- 4035499
TI  - Systemic nodular panniculitis (Weber-Christian disease) in a black woman. A case
      report.
AB  - There are many causes of panniculitis and systemic nodular fat necrosis; Weber
      Christian disease is one of the rarer forms. A 47-year-old black woman with Weber
      Christian disease is described and the aetiology, pathology and clinical
      manifestations of the disease are discussed.

PMID- 4035500
TI  - Oxytocin-induced water intoxication. A case report.
AB  - Oxytocin-induced water intoxication is an uncommon iatrogenic condition with
      serious potential morbidity and mortality, which is preventable with a rational
      approach to therapy. Its pathogenesis, management and prevention are discussed.

PMID- 4035501
TI  - Clinical manifestations of Cape cobra (Naja nivea) bites. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Two cases of proven bites by the Cape cobra (Naja nivea) are reported. Both
      patients developed areflexic flaccid paralysis and required ventilation from 2
      1/4 and 2 1/2 hours after the bite for 4 1/2 and 7 days respectively. Antivenom
      is of value before the onset of paralysis but of no value once paralysis is
      established. Both patients developed a non-depolarizing neuromuscular block which
      was little affected by prostigmine. Early treatment in identified Cape cobra
      bites should be the immediate application of an arterial tourniquet, followed by
      intravenous administration of 80-100 ml polyvalent antivenom if signs of
      neurotoxicity develop. This may need to be repeated. Treatment once paralysis is
      established is largely supportive, prolonged ventilation frequently being
      required, following which recovery should be complete.

PMID- 4035502
TI  - Aspiration of oral contents in Parkinson's disease. A case report.
AB  - A patient with Parkinson's disease developed a non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetic
      coma precipitated by chest infection. Initial improvement from treatment with
      intravenous insulin, ampicillin and fluid therapies was followed by severe
      deterioration and hypovolaemic shock. Further improvement occurred only when
      therapy directed against Gram-negative sepsis was added. A barium examination
      later demonstrated aspiration of oral contents with pulmonary soilage. The
      differences between the easily recognized early fulminating 'aspiration syndrome'
      caused by aspiration of gastric contents of low pH and the aspiration of oral
      contents, which may remain occult for many hours, is highlighted. Life
      threatening Gram-negative or anaerobic infection may then occur but remain
      undiagnosed because the original aspiration of foreign material is unsuspected.

PMID- 4035503
TI  - Lysis of a coronary embolus by intracoronary streptokinase. A case report.
AB  - A patient presenting with an acute myocardial infarction, probably caused by a
      coronary artery embolus after aortic valve replacement, was treated by
      intracoronary thrombolysis with streptokinase. Restoration of antegrade flow in
      the previously totally occluded vessel was followed by an uncomplicated recovery
      and evidence of good preservation of left ventricular function.

PMID- 4035504
TI  - Fatal thrombo-embolism after limb exsanguination. A case report.

PMID- 4035505
TI  - Inadvertant intrathecal administration of magnesium sulfate.

PMID- 4035506
TI  - Social class classification in the RSA--a comparison of four ethnic groups.

PMID- 4035507
TI  - Radiological diagnosis of traumatic hernia of the left diaphragm.

PMID- 4035508
TI  - Clinical effects of epidural block during labour. A prospective study.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of epidural block for
      pain relief during labour in an obstetric unit which manages mainly high-risk
      pregnancies. In the majority of the 62 patients studied only 5 ml of a 0,5%
      solution of bupivacaine was sufficient for effective pain relief. In 75% of
      patients total pain relief was obtained. Complications of the procedure were
      hypotension in 32% of patients and bladder atony needing catheterization in 19%.
      The mean fall in blood pressure was greater in patients with pre-existing
      hypertension. The incidence of instrumental delivery was 40%, inadequate bearing
      down effort being the indication in 54% of these cases. An abnormal fetal heart
      rate pattern on cardiotocography developed in 13 of 58 fetuses who were monitored
      internally, while in 3 cases an abnormal pattern because even more abnormal (in
      one-third of these cases this followed hypotension in the mother). The only
      statistically significant change in fetal heart rate patterns on cardiotocography
      was a decrease in the beat-to-beat variability. Epidural block is a very
      effective form of pain relief during labour but has potentially serious effects,
      especially in high-risk pregnancies. Precautions to minimize the risk of
      complications include the administration of intravenous fluid before the
      procedure and careful monitoring of the patient and her unborn baby. A
      cardiotocographic monitor is essential for the latter purpose.

PMID- 4035509
TI  - The pattern and frequency of congenital heart disease among blacks.
AB  - The types of cardiac malformations in 804 black patients of all ages in whom the
      diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization, surgery or autopsy are
      reported. The most frequent anomalies were ventricular septal defect, patent
      ductus arteriosus and tetralogy of Fallot. Among infants under 1 year of age,
      complete transposition of the great vessels accounted for the third-largest group
      of malformations. While pulmonary venous anomalies were extremely rare and
      hypoplastic left heart defects rare in the neonate, it is not considered that a
      racial predilection for differences in the frequency of various cardiac
      malformations exists. The frequency of coarctation of the aorta in the group as a
      whole was not lower than that found in studies among whites. Among black patients
      of all ages with heart disease (studied in a hospital environment) congenital
      cardiac malformations ranked as the second most common form of heart disease with
      a frequency of 26%. Among children aged 15 years or less, congenital heart
      disease ranked first with a frequency of 53%. It is suggested that a diagnosis of
      congenital heart disease is not made in the majority of blacks born with such
      malformations.

PMID- 4035510
TI  - The irritable bowel syndrome--a study from private practice.
AB  - The clinical features of 150 consecutive patients with irritable bowel syndrome
      are reported. All patients were referred to a private practice. There was a
      marked female preponderance and a wide range of ages. Diarrhoea was predominant
      in 61,3%. The common symptoms were altered bowel habit, abdominal pain, emotional
      disturbance, flatulence and distension. Fatigue, weight loss, upper
      gastrointestinal symptoms, backache and urinary symptoms were frequent. The
      rectum showed nonspecific loss of vascular pattern, oedema and congestion in
      11,4% of patients, but this was readily distinguished from inflammatory bowel
      disease on histological examination. The incidence of non-smokers in the group
      was 78,1%. The overall appendicectomy rate was 34%, and 65% of the 92 women had
      had gynaecological operations. A positive diagnosis was made on a typical history
      and simple basic investigations. More extensive investigations were required for
      those patients with markers of organic disease, but these yielded few associated
      lesions.

PMID- 4035512
TI  - Intussusception in black children.
AB  - Seventy-six black patients with intussusception are reviewed. Infants (59%)
      presented with features similar to classic intussusception; ileocolic lesions
      were most common (80%) and a high resection rate (36%) was the sequel to delay in
      presentation. Children over 2 years of age (41%) presented with a pattern of
      'tropical' intussusception in which primary colocolic lesions predominated (55%)
      and leading points were rare (3,5%). A high percentage of older children appears
      to characterize series from tropical areas. The relative proportions of these
      groups may vary between, and within, geographical regions and differing causes
      are likely. However, the management of both groups is similar. Hydrostatic
      reduction was not effective in those patients in whom it was attempted.

PMID- 4035511
TI  - Zinc and copper levels in the breast-milk of Cape Town mothers.
AB  - Zinc and copper levels were measured longitudinally in the breast-milk of 55
      healthy South African women from the middle and upper socio-economic classes. The
      mean foremilk zinc levels showed a significant fall (P less than 0,05) from 652,9
      +/- 240,7 micrograms/dl at 3 days after delivery to 413,3 +/- 143,0 micrograms/dl
      at 7 days and 228,1 +/- 136,1 micrograms/dl at 6 weeks. Lower foremilk zinc
      levels were obtained at 36 weeks (64,3 +/- 50,0 micrograms/dl). In contrast,
      foremilk copper levels were low at 3 days (57,0 +/- 74,8 micrograms/dl), with a
      gradual decline to very low levels (28,0 +/- 29,7 micrograms/dl) at 36 weeks. No
      differences were detected between the fore- and hindmilk zinc and copper levels
      at any stage of lactation studied (P greater than 0,05).

PMID- 4035513
TI  - Oesophageal lesions at autopsy in black children.
AB  - Oesophagi of black children dying from a variety of diseases examined at autopsy
      showed features of chronic oesophagitis and atypical basal cell hyperplasia in a
      significant percentage of cases. The possible significance of this finding in
      relation to carcinoma of the oesophagus is discussed.

PMID- 4035514
TI  - The value of X-ray pelvimetry in previous caesarean section pregnancies.
AB  - The results of erect lateral X-ray pelvimetry in a retrospective study of 100
      randomly selected patients who had undergone previous caesarean section for a
      variety of indications were analysed. The indication for caesarean section was
      compared with subsequent pregnancy outcome. The inlet diameter and sacral shape
      were not found to be of great predictive value. Radiological engagement of the
      fetal head was associated with a 90% incidence of vaginal delivery.

PMID- 4035515
TI  - Non-accidental injuries among Indian children in Durban.
AB  - This first prospective study of child abuse among Indian children in the RSA
      reports 44 cases seen at the R.K. Khan Hospital in Chatsworth, Durban, over a 3
      1/2-year period. Over a third of the patients were under 6 years of age. Most of
      the injuries were minor bruises involving the face, head and lumbar region, while
      there were 8 cases of sexual abuse. The victim's father was the abuser in 36,3%
      of cases, followed by the mother in 20,5%. The main environmental risk factors
      were marital discord, divorce, extramarital affairs, wife-battering,
      unemployment, receipt of disability or other grants, poor living conditions, and
      drug and/or alcohol abuse.

PMID- 4035516
TI  - Anaesthetic management of a difficult intubation.
AB  - Intubation management of a patient with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is
      described. The principles in planning for a difficult intubation are discussed.

PMID- 4035517
TI  - Actinomadura pelletieri mycetoma from the Transvaal. A case report.
AB  - The osteophilic red grain mycetoma due to Actinomadura pelletieri is rare in
      southern Africa. This report describes an elderly patient with extensive bone
      involvement in which lymphatic spread to the inguinal lymph nodes had occurred.
      The diagnosis and management are discussed.

PMID- 4035518
TI  - Ependymal cyst of the ovary. A case report.
AB  - An unusual morphological variant of a mature cystic teratoma was found at
      caesarean section in a 23-year-old patient; it appeared as a thin-walled cyst
      containing clear fluid. Microscopy showed the cyst to be lined by ependyma and
      the wall to be composed of glial tissue with a small protuberance containing
      squamous epithelium, adipose tissue and bone.

PMID- 4035519
TI  - Spontaneous contained transmural oesophageal rupture clinically resembling
      intramural rupture. A case report.
AB  - Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus may occur either transmurally or
      intramurally. The symptoms, signs, clinical course, treatment and prognosis
      differ in the two types. Transmural rupture is generally regarded as a serious
      condition, usually requiring operative treatment and having a high morbidity and
      mortality. Intramural rupture is a much more benign condition, is treated non
      operatively and has a good prognosis. A few cases have been documented in which a
      transmural rupture was contained within the mediastinum; an additional case is
      described. Under these circumstances the transmural rupture has the clinical
      features of an intramural rupture. It is suggested that transmural ruptures
      should be subdivided into those which are not contained (the vast majority) and
      those which are.

PMID- 4035520
TI  - Sarcoidosis in Ciskei. A report on 15 cases.
AB  - Since 1977 15 patients with sarcoidosis have been seen at the Cecilia Makiwane
      Hospital, Ciskei. Three patients were 13 years of age or less and 5 were under 20
      years; 6 patients had phalangeal osteolytic lesions, 5 with concomitant skin
      involvement. Only 3 patients had respiratory symptoms.

PMID- 4035521
TI  - Gonococcal vulvovaginitis among female children in Malaysia.
AB  - In this retrospective review of 16 children with vulvovaginitis due to Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae, the authors attempt to estimate the incidence of this infection and
      to ascertain the routes of transmission. From January 1977 to December 1982, 422
      cases of gonococcal vulvovaginitis in women of all age groups were encountered at
      the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Of these, 406 cases (96.2%)
      occurred in adults, and 16 cases (3.8%) occurred in children younger than 12
      years of age. Penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains were isolated
      from five (31%) of the 16 girls; all five cases were subsequently treated with
      cefuroxime and probenecid. The rest responded to intramuscular procaine
      penicillin. Although all patients appeared to be cured, only ten of 11 (two with
      PPNG) had test-of-cure cultures performed after treatment. Although interviewing
      the parents revealed no history of sexual contact in these children, nine of the
      girls were linked to culture-positive adult(s).

PMID- 4035522
TI  - Absence of progesterone effects on chlamydial genital infection in female guinea
      pigs.
AB  - The effect of progesterone alone and in combination with estradiol was
      investigated in ovariectomized and gonadally intact female guinea pigs infected
      with the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC). The
      course of the infection, as determined by the percentage of cells with GPIC
      (chlamydia) inclusions in Giemsa-stained vaginal scrapings, was not affected in
      animals receiving 5.0 mg of progesterone daily. Progesterone had no influence on
      the enhancement of infection by estradiol. In comparison with sesame oil-treated
      controls, infection was prolonged by four to six days (P less than .05) in
      animals receiving a combination of 5.0 mg of progesterone plus 1.0 microgram of
      estradiol or 1.0 microgram of estradiol alone each day. In ovariectomized
      animals, estradiol delayed the appearance of IgA antibody in genital secretions,
      whereas progesterone alone had no effect. Guinea pigs treated with estradiol or
      progesterone plus estradiol manifested an acute endometritis not observed in
      animals treated with progesterone alone or in controls receiving sesame oil.
      Although cervical ectopy, analogous to that seen in women with high levels of
      progesterone, was identified by histopathology in animals treated with
      progesterone, no enhancement of the chlamydial infection was observed.

PMID- 4035523
TI  - Contraceptive practices of women attending the Sexually Transmitted Disease
      Clinic in Nashville, Tennessee.
AB  - The decision to be sexually active involves two health risks for women: unwanted
      pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Use of contraception affects both
      these risks. Data from the Metropolitan Health Department in Nashville,
      Tennessee, were examined to determine the effects of particular contraceptive
      methods on gonococcal infection in women. The results suggest that not only
      barrier methods but also other types of contraception were associated with
      protection against gonorrhea in females. The use of contraception was unusually
      high (87%) among the study population of 1,303 women. Five hundred eighteen (40%)
      of these clinic attendees were infected with Neisseria gonorrhoea. Infected women
      tended to be younger than those not infected and were significantly more likely
      to be black than white and somewhat more likely to be single. Contraceptors
      tended to be younger and were more likely to be black than were noncontraceptors.

PMID- 4035524
TI  - [In vitro culture of the pluripotent stem cell of human bone marrow (CFU-GEMML).
      Technical, morphological, conventional and cytochemical aspects].

PMID- 4035525
TI  - [Trends in leukemia mortality for child and adolescent age groups in Spain (1951
      1979)].

PMID- 4035526
TI  - ["Benign" monoclonal gammopathy: prognostic value of initial bone marrow study].

PMID- 4035527
TI  - [Haptoglobin: review and new perspectives].

PMID- 4035528
TI  - [Bone marrow pseudoparasitization].

PMID- 4035529
TI  - [Reversible reticulin myelofibrosis associated with pernicious anemia].

PMID- 4035530
TI  - Assets of new retired-worker beneficiaries: findings from the New Beneficiary
      Survey.
AB  - Most new retired workers in 1982 owned some type of asset, usually a savings,
      checking, or credit union account, according to data obtained by the Social
      Security Administration (SSA) in its New Beneficiary Survey. Many recently
      retired workers also owned their home, often mortgage-free. Homeownership was
      their most significant asset in terms of its median value. Comparatively few
      retirees owned property other than a home, though for owners of such property,
      the median value was substantial. Married couples, whose assets included those of
      both partners, more frequently owned assets and their assets had higher median
      values than did unmarried individuals. A comparison of retired workers with
      persons aged 65 or older who were enrolled in the Medicare program but who had
      not yet received retired-worker benefits showed that these Medicare-only
      enrollees were much better off, both in the likelihood of owning assets and in
      having higher median values for their assets. Individuals who retired before
      reaching age 65 and therefore received a reduced social security benefit were not
      as well off as those whose first benefit was paid at age 65 or older. Overall,
      the asset situation of new retired workers in 1982 was better than that of men
      and unmarried women aged 58-63 in 1969, even when the 1969 assets were adjusted
      to constant 1982 dollars.

PMID- 4035531
TI  - Income of new retired workers by age at first benefit receipt: findings from the
      New Beneficiary Survey.
AB  - Using data from the New Beneficiary Survey (NBS) of the Social Security
      Administration (SSA), this article examines how income sources and total monthly
      income received by newly retired social security beneficiaries vary with the age
      at which the first benefit check was received. The NBS respondents who received a
      first benefit at age 65 or older were better off economically than were those who
      received a first benefit at ages 62-64. At the time of the interview, 18-30
      months after receiving a first benefit, these older beneficiaries had higher
      levels of total income and were more likely to have income from earnings and
      assets. Pension receipt rates did not vary by the age at which the first social
      security benefit was received except for married women retired workers, for whom
      the rate was higher at the older ages. The largest proportion of aggregate income
      (slightly more than one-third) was derived from social security benefits. More
      than 90 percent of the NBS Medicare-only respondents--a sample of
      nonbeneficiaries who were eligible for monthly cash benefits but had established
      their entitlement only for the purpose of enrolling in the Medicare program-
      reported earnings income. They had lower rates of pension receipt and higher
      rates of asset income receipt than the retired workers. The Medicare-only
      respondents had substantially higher incomes than did retired workers, and most
      of their aggregate income was from earnings. The NBS retirees were generally in
      better financial condition than a group of social security beneficiaries aged 65
      or older from all benefit categories in the Current Population Survey Income
      Supplement with whom they were compared.

PMID- 4035532
TI  - The patient has a family: reaffirming social work's domain.
AB  - Work with the family has traditionally been claimed as the domain of social work
      within the hospital setting. The difficulties of expanding the scope of clinical
      work to systematically include the family and its needs as integral to meeting
      the patients' psychosocial needs can be attributed in part to the absence of a
      conceptual model that encompasses the patient, the impact of the illness, the
      family and the hospital. The authors propose a paradigm to address these multiple
      variables with their attendant treatment implications.

PMID- 4035533
TI  - Families, transitions, and health: another look.
AB  - This paper critically reviews the Caroff-Mailick classification of families seen
      around health care crises, and of reciprocal roles suggested for health social
      workers depending on severity and trajectory of illness and on family's
      functioning levels. As balance, transitional crisis theory, holistic health
      concepts, and team approaches to the mobilized family as the unit of caregiver
      attention are discussed. Newer alternative family styles are reviewed which
      challenge middle class caregiver mores and practices. Family forces which may
      prejudice worker assessment are reviewed, and the need to mitigate unhealthy and
      constricting environmental conditions is stressed.

PMID- 4035534
TI  - Social work with cancer patients: stresses and coping patterns.
AB  - This article reports a study of the special stresses affecting the increasing
      number of social workers who work with cancer patients and their families.
      Related literature and research document the universally stressful effects of
      this chronic and life-threatening illness but offer little knowledge of the job
      stresses experienced by social workers providing services in hospitals. The
      nature of the stresses reported by social workers, the adequacy of supports to
      help them cope with the emotional impact of their work and the need for
      additional support programs are discussed.

PMID- 4035535
TI  - Surgical treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - The surgical treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias has undergone
      considerable evolution since its inception in 1968 with the treatment of a
      patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. At present, Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome, atrioventricular node re-entry, and ectopic atrial foci that can be
      localized are all amenable to surgical therapy.

PMID- 4035536
TI  - Thermal injury in the pregnant patient.
AB  - Thermal injury sustained during pregnancy presents special management problems
      for both the gravid woman and her unborn child. Of 6,573 admissions to this burn
      center during the period of 1950 through 1982, 1,157 (17.6 per cent) were female
      and 448 (6.8 per cent) were of reproductive age. Thirty of this latter group (6.7
      per cent) of burned patients were pregnant at the time of injury. These 30
      patients ranged in age from 16 to 37 years old (an average of 22.7 years) and the
      burned portion of the total body surface area ranged from 6 to 92 per cent (an
      average of 39.7 per cent). A review of the clinical courses of these 30 patients
      suggests several observations and conclusions. Pregnancy does not alter the
      maternal outcome after thermal injury and maternal survival is usually
      accompanied by fetal survival in the absence of significant complications. If the
      injury of the gravid patient is lethal, the pregnancy will usually terminate
      spontaneously prior to her death. Obstetric support and aggressive fetal
      monitoring is recommended for all moderately and severely burned pregnant
      patients. Obstetric intervention may be considered in the ill patient with a near
      term fetus in whom significant complications (such as, hypotension, hypoxemia or
      sepsis) jeopardize the life of the fetus.

PMID- 4035537
TI  - An anatomic investigation of radical resection of tumor in the hepatic duct
      confluence.
AB  - The fetal umbilical vein in the ligamentum teres can be reopened to provide a 10
      centimeter long vein, as wide as the left portal vein or the central splenic
      vein, that gives access to the left portal vein in the umbilical fissure of the
      liver. By cutting the ligamentum teres, this potential autologous venous graft is
      lost and, therefore, the ligamentum teres should never be sacrificed without
      reason. The umbilical side of the reopened umbilical vein can be anastomosed with
      the splenic vein to form a portal vein bypassing conduit that enters the liver in
      the umbilical fissure and take over function of the portal vein. From the results
      of this postmortem investigation, it can be concluded that radical block
      resection of the area consisting of the hepatic duct confluence, classic right
      hepatic lobe and complete hepatoduodenal ligament, preceded by construction of a
      complete separate afferent blood supply of the classic left hepatic lobe, is
      possible both anatomically and technically. There is no indication denying the
      supposition that the result of such a procedure is functionally analogous to
      standard extended right lobectomy with bilioenteric reconstruction.

PMID- 4035538
TI  - Naloxone does not prevent death after rapid hemorrhage in swine.
AB  - Despite the array of hemorrhage models, animal species and experimental designs,
      it seems clear that naloxone with or without volume replacement has no place in
      the treatment of rapidly exsanguinating traumatized patients. In this situation,
      the adrenergic hemodynamic effects, indirectly due to naloxone, further decrease
      tissue perfusion leading to a deleterious outcome. We suggest that the membrane
      stabilizing effects rather than the hemodynamic effects of naloxone should be
      pursued in the treatment of low perfusion states with longer survival times than
      rapid hemorrhage, such as septic and cardiogenic shock.

PMID- 4035539
TI  - Cardiovascular alterations in severe pregnancy-induced hypertension seen with an
      intravenously given hydralazine bolus.
AB  - The acute cardiovascular effects of a 10 milligram bolus of hydralazine was found
      to cause a significant increase in heart rate and cardiac index while decreasing
      mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance index. A wide spectrum of
      individual responses was seen in terms of peak effects and duration of effects.
      The role of hydralazine in patients with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension
      was discussed and possible alternative therapy is suggested.

PMID- 4035541
TI  - Appendicitis in children.
AB  - Six hundred and fifty-one patients with appendicitis were reviewed and an over
      all perforation rate of 36.5 per cent accompanied by a major complication rate of
      only 3.38 per cent and an over-all complication rate of 9.06 per cent was
      reported. This low complication rate despite a high level of perforation can be
      attributed to the use of antibiotic regimens effective against both aerobic and
      anaerobic organisms. A thorough irrigation and flushing of debris and exudate
      from the abdominal cavity of patients with ruptured appendicitis may improve
      these rates.

PMID- 4035540
TI  - Biologic considerations regarding the one and two step procedures in the
      management of patients with invasive carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Investigation of the biologic significance of delay between biopsy and mastectomy
      was performed upon women with invasive carcinoma of the breast in protocol four
      of the NSABP. Since the period of delay was two weeks or less in approximately 75
      per cent, no comment concerning the possible effects of longer periods can be
      made. Life table analyses failed to reveal any difference in ten year survival
      rates between patients undergoing radical mastectomy management by the one and
      two step procedures. Similarly, no difference in adjusted ten year survival rate
      was observed between women managed by the two step procedure who did or did not
      have residual tumor identified in the mastectomy specimen after the first step or
      biopsy. Importantly, the clinical or pathologic stages, sizes of tumor or
      histologic grades were similar in women managed by the one and two step
      procedures minimizing selection bias. The material used also allowed for study of
      the possible causative role of biopsy of the breast on the development of sinus
      histiocytosis in regional axillary lymph nodes. No difference in degree or types
      of this nodal reaction could be discerned in the lymph nodes of the mastectomy
      specimens obtained from patients who had undergone the one and two step
      procedures. This finding indicates that nodal sinus histiocytosis is indeed
      related to the neoplastic process, albeit in an undefined manner, rather than the
      trauma of biopsy per se as has been suggested. These results do not invalidate
      the use of the one step procedure in the management of patients with carcinoma of
      the breast. Indeed, it is highly likely that it will be commonly used now that
      breast-conserving operations appear to represent a viable alternative modality
      for the primary surgical treatment of carcinoma of the breast. Yet, it is
      apparent that the one step procedure will be performed for technical and
      practical rather than biologic reasons.

PMID- 4035542
TI  - Non-left sided diaphragmatic rupture due to blunt trauma.
AB  - An analysis of the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of non-left
      sided diaphragmatic rupture due to blunt trauma to the torso was performed in ten
      patients. All patients had multiple systems involved. False-positive peritoneal
      lavage occurred in three patients (37.5 per cent). The correct diagnosis was made
      only once preoperatively; diaphragmatic rupture usually being an incidental
      finding at celiotomy or thoracotomy. Mortality is high and is a manifestation of
      associated injuries.

PMID- 4035543
TI  - A new method for securing oral esophageal tamponage tubes.

PMID- 4035544
TI  - Endoscopic guided intubation of long nasointestinal decompression tube.
AB  - Surgeons have long been faced with the problem of intubating long nasointestinal
      tubes through the pylorus of the stomach when intestinal obstructions are
      present. The procedure described herein provides a direct view of intubation,
      endoscopically, rather than a blind approach fluoroscopically. This is achieved
      in every instance through the use of a guided wire inserted through an endoscope
      with a sleeve type, long nasogastrointestinal decompression tube. The procedure
      has proved to be advantageous because of the time saved by providing for rapid
      passage and prompt decompression which also eliminates trips and calls to the
      radiology department. Also, the improved condition of the patient prior to
      operation and the decreased amount of radiation that the patient is exposed to
      are advantages.

PMID- 4035545
TI  - A method for replacement of the endotracheal tube with continuous control of the
      airway.
AB  - A technique has been described which allows replacement of endotracheal tubes,
      while maintaining control of the airway, using a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The
      technique was successful in 27 of 29 attempts. While this method does not replace
      elective tracheostomy, it is indicated for critically ill patients requiring
      urgent replacement of endotracheal tubes in whom anatomic considerations preclude
      conventional methods.

PMID- 4035546
TI  - A new technique for mesenteric catheter plication for recurrent advanced
      obstruction of the small intestine.
AB  - Various modifications of the Noble plication procedure have proved to be good
      techniques and each has its specific indications and complications. The
      mesenteric catheter plication technique was devised to provide a simple, safe and
      effective alternative to those previously described. Thus far, it has appeared to
      function as anticipated.

PMID- 4035547
TI  - Overall results in 304 consecutive patients with acute spontaneous subarachnoid
      hemorrhage.
AB  - The results obtained in 304 consecutive patients with spontaneous subarachnoid
      hemorrhage are described, the majority of whom (86%) were admitted while in acute
      condition. Only 46% of the patients in this series were in good condition at
      admission. The initial management was standardized for all patients, but the
      protocol of "delayed surgery" was applied to patients with subarachnoid
      hemorrhage from aneurysmal rupture. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (73%) had
      intracranial aneurysms. Of these, 20 (9%) were moribund and died shortly after
      admission; nine (4%) underwent emergency surgery due to the coexistence of a life
      threatening cerebral hematoma; seven (3%) were operated upon within 3 days of
      admission; 78 (35%) died after rebleeding or after steady deterioration of the
      patient's condition due to vasospasm while awaiting surgery. Of the remaining 108
      patients ready for delayed surgery, 12 (11%) (operation refused, elderly patients
      in poor general condition, spontaneous thrombosis of the aneurysm) were treated
      conservatively, and 96 (89%), who were in various clinical conditions, were
      actually operated on. Of these 96 patients, 79 (82%) exhibited excellent or good
      results, 5 (5%) were disabled, and 12 (12%) died. In the authors' experience, the
      overall management of intracranial aneurysms in unselected patients according to
      the protocol of delayed surgery results in significant loss of patients awaiting
      surgery, and good surgical results in the survivors.

PMID- 4035548
TI  - Drill burrs for anterior decompression of the spinal cord--a new device.
AB  - We have devised a new drill burr that is particularly suitable for an anterior
      approach to the spinal cord. The drill burr is conical in shape, with a shaft
      attached to its top and fine diamond edges on the curved slope, but not on its
      tip. The bone is scraped off while the burr is being gently pulled up but not
      pressed down. This new drill burr has proved to be most useful in safely removing
      osteophytes and hypertrophied uncovertebral joints without damaging the already
      compromised spinal cord.

PMID- 4035549
TI  - Experimental model for internal repair of arteriovenous fistulas.
AB  - An artificial arteriovenous fistula was created by performing an end-to-side
      anastomosis between the anterior facial vein and carotid artery of the rat. An
      intraarterial venous graft was then used to seal the fistula. In 8 of 10 rats,
      carotid artery flow was found to be maintained as judged by angiography, carried
      out 14 days after the operation. The fistula remained closed in each case. The
      vessels were also examined with a scanning electron microscope.

PMID- 4035550
TI  - Transpetrosal-transtentorial approach and its application in the therapy of
      retrochiasmatic craniopharyngiomas.
AB  - Our experience with the transpetrosal-transtentorial approach to retrochiasmatic
      craniopharyngiomas is herein reviewed and an operative technique is described.
      Excellent exposure of the retrochiasmatic and suprasellar regions is gained with
      a minimal retraction of the temporal lobe and cerebellum. Eight cases of
      retrochiasmatic craniopharyngiomas that extended into the posterior hypothalamus
      were operated on utilizing this approach. The operative results were excellent in
      five patients, good in one, and poor in one. There was one death later. The
      principal advantage of this technique is that it allows the hypothalamus, even in
      cases in which the structure is remarkably displaced upwards, the third
      ventricular walls in cases of the intraventricular extension of the tumor, and
      the inferior surface of the optic chiasma and nerves to be visualized directly
      and thus safely preserved.

PMID- 4035551
TI  - Combined trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia.
AB  - A case of combined trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia is described. The
      superior cerebellar artery and normal choroid plexus compressed and indented the
      root entry zones of the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves, respectively.
      Complete relief was obtained after microvascular decompression and resection of
      the choroid plexus.

PMID- 4035552
TI  - Extraaxial ependymoma of the posterior fossa.
AB  - A case of extraaxial ependymoma of the posterior fossa, arising along the
      inferolateral aspect of the left cerebellar hemisphere, is reported. The
      clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of this lesion are presented. The
      unusual location of the tumor and its possible origin are discussed in the light
      of previous experience with other extraaxial ependymomas of the neuraxis.

PMID- 4035553
TI  - Cerebral cladosporiosis.
AB  - A 49-year-old woman was admitted to Hacettepe Medical Faculty Hospital with the
      complaints of headache, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness on her right
      side. She revealed a history of pulmonary Cryptococcus infection 5 years before
      and she had been treated with amphotericin B. After clinical and laboratory
      investigation she was thought to have an intracranial mass, but her deteriorating
      situation did not allow any surgical intervention; she died within 7 days. On
      necropsy, hard, gray-white nodular pulmonary lesions, ranging 0.1-4 cm in
      diameter, basal meningitis, infarcts, and a nodular lesion 1.5 cm in diameter
      similar to those of the lung were present in the white matter of the right
      hemisphere of the brain. Microscopic examination revealed granulomatous
      inflammation caused by Cladosporium, which had brown pigment and septate hyphae.

PMID- 4035554
TI  - Extracorporeal circulation with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest in the
      treatment of intracranial arterial aneurysms.
AB  - Extracorporeal circulation with circulatory arrest and deep hypothermia in
      surgery on certain giant intracranial arterial aneurysms or on aneurysms
      difficult to access is described. The series includes a giant left carotid
      aneurysm, an aneurysm of the basilar artery bifurcation, a patient with two
      aneurysms, one on the right middle cerebral artery and the other at the end of
      the basilar artery, and a fourth patient with two aneurysms, one on the right
      middle cerebral and the other on the right carotid. Closed-thorax extracorporeal
      circulation with femoral cannulation was performed on all the patients. Surgical
      procedure is described and the advantages and disadvantages discussed. Results
      are encouraging. The authors suggest that the technique be used during surgical
      treatment of certain intracranial aneurysms that are in awkward positions or are
      very large in size. They emphasize that the procedure should be confined to
      exceptional cases.

PMID- 4035555
TI  - Long-term growth hormone responses to nonspecific hypothalamic hormones in
      acromegalic patients.
AB  - Nonspecific hypothalamic hormones such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone or
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, or both, elicited abnormal growth hormone
      responses in 73 of 108 (67.6%) acromegalic patients. After transsphenoidal
      adenomectomy, the provocative tests using these hormones were repeated in 26
      patients with abnormal preoperative growth hormone responses to study variations
      in these responses during a 1-8-year observation period (average duration, 4
      years). After surgery, 7 of the 26 patients regained normal basal growth hormone
      levels (less than 5 ng/mL) and manifested normal responses to the hypothalamic
      hormones. During the postoperative observation period, their basal growth hormone
      levels remained normal as did their responses to provocation with hypothalamic
      hormones, confirming that the adenoma had been completely resected. Eight other
      patients demonstrated normal growth hormone levels after surgery; however, they
      continued to have abnormal responses to provocation with hypothalamic hormones,
      suggesting the presence of residual adenomatous tissue in the gland. These
      patients manifested no marked increase in basal or peak growth hormone levels
      during the follow-up period (from less than 1 to less than 7.5 years) and they
      were all in clinical remission without any other treatment. Only one incompletely
      adenomectomized patient who had received no additional treatment experienced
      regrowth of the tumor. The main factor affecting the surgical results appears to
      be the preoperative basal growth hormone level, because abnormal growth hormone
      secretion ceased in all patients who had manifested preoperative levels below 45
      ng/mL. Technical refinements of the operative procedure are another important
      factor in the postoperative outcome. Peritumoral tissue resection after simple
      selective adenomectomy is mandatory for better surgical results. Our studies
      indicate that fairly good results can be obtained without risk of the recurrence
      of the tumor or regrowth, when postoperative growth hormone levels are below 5
      ng/mL and that the results are not affected by the postoperative growth hormone
      responses to provocation with hypothalamic hormones.

PMID- 4035556
TI  - Mixed colloid cyst-xanthogranuloma of the third ventricle. A light and electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - A mixed colloid cyst-xanthogranuloma of the third ventricle is described. The
      xanthogranuloma associated with the cyst completely occupied the third ventricle.
      On light microscopy, a single epithelial layer with a basal lamina was seen
      lining the cyst wall. Electron microscopic study revealed three different kinds
      of cells in the epithelial layer: ciliated, nonciliated, and basal cells. Many
      lipid droplets were present in the superficial epithelial cells, macrophages,
      pericytes, and endothelia. The pathogeneses of the cyst and of the
      xanthogranuloma are discussed.

PMID- 4035557
TI  - Ectasia of the basilar artery with special reference to possible pathogenesis.
AB  - The pattern of reticular fibers and some other microscopic features of all the
      major intracranial arteries were examined in two patients with ectatic basilar
      artery. In order to make a comparison possible the major cerebral arteries of 105
      individuals with advanced atherosclerosis were also investigated. This series
      includes 40 patients with berry aneurysms. Defects in the elastic lamina and
      reticular fiber deficiency in the muscular layer were common pathologic features
      in patients with ectatic basilar artery and in those with berry aneurysm. In the
      ectatic basilar arteries these alterations were much more conspicuous. In the
      other atherosclerotic arteries sampled from patients having no malformations, the
      density of reticular fibers in the media was preserved. It is concluded that
      atherosclerosis may not have a basic role in the pathogenesis of arterial
      ectasias, but the severe reticular fiber deficiency in the media associated with
      extensive defects in the elastic lamina forms the morphologic basis of ectasias.
      Furthermore, the arterial ectasias and berry aneurysms are most probably
      different manifestations of the same underlying disorder.

PMID- 4035558
TI  - Intraocular tamponade and surface tension.
AB  - Surface tension is an important property of substances used as intraocular
      tamponades. The physical properties of currently available intraocular tamponades
      (gases, silicone oil and Healon) are compared with emphasis on surface tension.
      The gas/water interface surface tension is the greatest and therefore is the most
      effective in closing retinal breaks (70 erg/cm2). This is followed by silicone
      oil/water interface surface tension (50 erg/cm2). Healon is a 1% solution of
      water and therefore has no surface tension. Practical and theoretical
      considerations of various tamponades are described. Some properties of an ideal
      tamponade are suggested.

PMID- 4035559
TI  - Branch artery occlusion in a young woman.
AB  - A 31-year-old woman presented with signs and symptoms of anterior and posterior
      cerebral circulatory insufficiency. The differential diagnosis and therapeutic
      options are discussed. The most likely cause is a cardiogenic source of emboli.

PMID- 4035560
TI  - A pituitary adenoma with dilated ventricles.
AB  - It is generally accepted that postoperatively radiographic examinations be
      limited to the area of pathology. The patient presented here complained of visual
      difficulties two years after transphenoidal removal of a pituitary prolactinoma.
      His endocrinologist ordered what he believed to be the appropriate computed
      tomography study and the neuroradiologist did not correctly interpret the new
      finding of dilated ventricles. Subsequently, a second primary tumor was
      discovered, a pineal gland sarcoma. The patient had refused radiotherapy after
      removal of his prolactinoma. Had he not, his second tumor would probably have
      been attributed to radiation. It is interesting to speculate whether radiation
      scatter from treatment of the prolactinoma would have prevented the pineal gland
      sarcoma.

PMID- 4035561
TI  - Increased dependence of leucine in posttraumatic sepsis: leucine/tyrosine
      clearance ratio as an indicator of hepatic impairment in septic multiple organ
      failure syndrome.
AB  - The body clearance of 10 plasma amino acids (AA) was determined from the rate of
      compared muscle-released AA and AA administered by infusion of total parenteral
      nutrition (TPN) compared to their estimated extracellular (ECW) pool in patients
      with multiple trauma with (n = 10) or without (n = 16) sepsis at 8-hour
      intervals. In both nonseptic and septic trauma, increasing TPN increased the mean
      clearance rate of all infused AA. When the individual AA clearance rates were
      normalized by the total AA infusion rate, regression-covariance analysis revealed
      that patients with sepsis had relatively impaired clearances of alanine (p less
      than 0.01) and methionine, proline, phenylalanine, and tyrosine p less than 0.05
      for all). In contrast, the clearances of branched-chain AA (BCAA) valine and
      isoleucine were maintained, and the clearance of leucine was higher (p less than
      0.05) in trauma patients with sepsis than in those without. At any AA infusion
      rate, compared with surviving patients with sepsis (p less than 0.05), patients
      who developed fatal multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS) showed increased
      clearances of all BCAA with further impaired clearance of tyrosine. The clearance
      ratio of leucine/tyrosine was increased in MOFS at any AA infusion rate (p less
      than 0.0001), was an indicator of severity, and, if persistent, was a
      manifestation of a fatal outcome. Because tyrosine metabolism occurs almost
      entirely in the liver while leucine can be utilized by viscera and muscle, these
      data suggest early and progressive septic impairment of the pattern of hepatic
      uptake and oxidation of AA with a greater body dependence on BCAA, especially
      leucine, as septic MOFS develops.

PMID- 4035562
TI  - Alterations in amino acid clearance during ischemia predict hepatocellular ATP
      changes.
AB  - Although decreases in hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels during ischemia
      are thought to reflect loss of hepatic energy reserves and decreased viability,
      such changes have not been correlated with a clinically relevant index of hepatic
      function or viability. Ability to clear amino acids from plasma has been shown to
      correlate with function of the allograft in hepatic transplantation and survival
      after portal decompression in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. The effects of 60
      minutes of warm ischemia in two groups of mongrel dogs were studied to assess the
      relationship between loss of ATP and amino acid clearance. One group (shunted)
      had portal decompression during the ischemic period and the other (portal stasis)
      did not. There was a significant correlation between loss of ATP and amino acid
      clearance after ischemia. Although the effects of ischemia on the liver were
      similar in both groups, the portal stasis group demonstrated significantly
      elevated SGOT levels during reperfusion that were related to impaired net adenine
      monophosphate synthesis and suggestive of ongoing injury. These data support the
      contention that loss of ATP during ischemia is associated with reduced functional
      capacity. In addition, they suggest that portal stasis produces toxic products
      that can impede hepatic recovery from ischemia.

PMID- 4035563
TI  - In vivo measurement of leucine metabolism with stable isotopes in normal subjects
      and in those with cirrhosis fed conventional and branched-chain amino acid
      enriched diets.
AB  - Low plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine
      are postulated to play an etiologic role in hepatic encephalopathy.
      Supplementation is advocated to reverse encephalopathy and improve nutritional
      status and survival. We measured in vivo leucine metabolism in normal individuals
      (n = 5) and in two groups of patients with cirrhosis (n = 8) with a primed
      continuous infusion of L-[15N, 1-13C] leucine to quantitate the following
      parameters of leucine metabolism: nitrogen and carbon fluxes, oxidation,
      contribution to protein synthesis, breakdown of endogenous protein to leucine,
      deamination and reamination to/from ketoisocaproate. Studies were performed in
      the fasting and fed states with a conventional enteral diet (Propac) and a
      branched chain-enriched diet (one third Propac plus two thirds Hepatic-Aid). In
      vivo leucine metabolism was similar in the fasting and fed states in normal
      individuals in patients with cirrhosis and with both diets when studied at a
      protein intake of 0.6 gm/kg ideal body weight/day. When fed these diets,
      oxidation increased (p less than 0.05) and breakdown decreased (p less than
      0.05). The Hepatic-Aid diet increased (p less than 0.05) nitrogen and carbon
      fluxes significantly more than did the standard diet. Four additional patients
      with cirrhosis on a diet with more protein were studied (0.75 gm/kg ideal body
      weight/day). Carbon and nitrogen fluxes, oxidation, synthesis, and deamination
      were increased (p less than 0.05) when patients with cirrhosis were fed the
      Propac diet compared with those who fasted. The Hepatic-Aid diet further
      increased (p less than 0.05) all parameters except synthesis and did not decrease
      protein breakdown. These data show that patients with cirrhosis metabolize
      leucine in vivo in a manner identical to that of normal subjects and that leucine
      enriched formulas increase oxidation to CO2 without improving protein synthesis.

PMID- 4035564
TI  - Effect of aging on gallbladder contraction and release of cholecystokinin-33 in
      humans.
AB  - The objective of this study was to examine the effect of aging on gallbladder
      contraction and cholecystokinin (CCK) release, as well as on the correlation
      between the two in humans who are free of gallbladder disease. Twenty-nine human
      volunteers were divided into a young group of 14 individuals (ages 22 to 42
      years, median age 32 years) and an older group of 15 individuals (ages 60 to 84
      years, median age 66 years). In the study each person in both groups was given
      corn oil (Lipomul), 1.5 ml/kg, by mouth after an overnight fast. Blood was
      collected for measurement of CCK-33 by radioimmunoassay before and at intervals
      after ingestion of Lipomul. Simultaneous measurements of gallbladder volume were
      obtained by real-time varian ultrasonography. Both fasting and fat-stimulated
      concentrations of CCK in plasma were significantly higher in the older
      individuals than in the younger volunteers. The 60-minute integrated measurement
      of CCK release was significantly increased in the older people as compared with
      the young. Both fasting and maximally contracted gallbladder volumes were equal
      in the older and younger groups. The rate of emptying of the gallbladder was
      equal in both age groups, but the gallbladders of older people appeared to show
      an earlier initiation of contraction. The highly significant correlation of
      gallbladder contraction with levels of CCK was similar in both age groups, but
      the sensitivity of the gallbladder to CCK in the older people was significantly
      decreased. In conclusion, both fasting and fat-stimulated plasma levels of CCK
      increase with aging. The sensitivity of the gallbladder muscle to stimulation by
      CCK is diminished with age, but this appears, teleologically, to be matched by
      the increased release of CCK, so the kinetics of gallbladder emptying are little
      different in the aged.

PMID- 4035565
TI  - Can gastrointestinal hormones enhance intestinal absorption?
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that certain gastrointestinal peptides exert a
      trophic effect on the small intestine. We chose to evaluate the effect of
      glucagon and cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP) on absorption of substrates in
      both developing and mature small intestine. Developing small intestine was
      evaluated in a rat fetal intestine transplant model, and mature rat small
      intestine was studied in in situ but isolated 10 cm segments of jejunum and
      ileum. Glucagon, 10 micrograms/kg/day, and CCK-OP, 45 micrograms/kg/day, were
      delivered continuously for 14 days through a subcutaneous osmotic pump.
      Intestinal absorption was determined with labeled substrates (14C-galactose and
      14C-glycine) by a recirculation perfusion technique. Absorption results were
      expressed as percentage increase over control. The fetal intestine response to
      glucagon infusion was a 13% rise in galactose absorption and a 27% rise in
      glycine absorption. After CCK-OP infusion, fetal galactose absorption was 11% and
      glycine absorption rose 17%. Mature jejunal galactose absorption rose 53% and
      glycine absorption rose 55% after glucagon infusion. The ileal response to
      glucagon was a 271% rise in galactose absorption (p less than 0.05) and a 21%
      increase in glycine absorption. Infusion of CCK-OP decreased jejunal galactose
      absorption 3% but increased glycine absorption 41%. The ileal response was a 224%
      increase in galactose absorption (p less than 0.05) and a 19% increase in glycine
      absorption. Our data suggest that chronic administration of glucagon and CCK-OP
      can increase substrate absorption in developing and mature rat small intestine.
      Perhaps manipulation of the gastrointestinal hormone environment may result in
      increased absorption in man.

PMID- 4035566
TI  - Increases in gallbladder prostaglandin synthesis before the formation of
      cholesterol gallstones.
AB  - Increased synthesis of prostaglandins in the wall of the gallbladder may play a
      role in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones by mediating mucus
      hypersecretion and thereby accelerating nucleation and the precipitation of
      cholesterol-supersaturated bile. We induced gallstones in prairie dogs and guinea
      pigs by feeding a cholesterol-supplemented diet for periods as long as 6 weeks.
      Gallbladder prostaglandin synthesis was quantitated by specific radioimmunoassays
      that measured the amount of various prostanoids released from the gallbladder
      during in vitro incubation. The gallbladders of cholesterol-fed prairie dogs
      showed increased synthesis of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2a, and
      thromboxane and increased concentrations of glycoprotein in gallbladder bile.
      These changes were evident as early as 2 weeks after institution of the
      cholesterol diet, although cholesterol gallstones did not form until 4 or more
      weeks. In contrast, cholesterol feeding of the guinea pig did not induce
      cholesterol supersaturation. In this species pigment gallstones formed, probably
      as a result of a cholesterol-induced hemolytic anemia, and gallbladder mucus
      hypersecretion did not occur. Pigment gallstone formation in the guinea pig was
      associated with an increase in prostacyclin synthesis, but the synthesis of
      prostaglandin F2a and thromboxane was decreased. Increased prostaglandin
      synthesis may contribute to the formation of cholesterol gallstones but does not
      appear to participate in pigment gallstone formation.

PMID- 4035567
TI  - Gallbladder filling and response to cholecystokinin are not affected by vagotomy.
AB  - We studied the effects of vagotomy on gallbladder (GB) motility in prairie dogs
      and humans with infusion cholescintigraphy. Twelve male prairie dogs were
      anesthetized and given an intravenous infusion of 120 microCi of diethyl-HIDA for
      150 minutes. Images were acquired every 10 minutes. Then cholecystokinin (CCK)-8,
      1.5 micrograms/kg, was given as a bolus, and images were acquired for another 30
      minutes. We repeated the studies giving 300 micrograms/kg of atropine 20 minutes
      before administration of CCK-8. All animals underwent truncal vagotomy, and the
      studies were repeated 1 and 3 months later. The GB filled in a stepwise fashion;
      partitioning of bile varied from one 10-minute period to the next and averaged
      20% +/- 2%/80% +/- 3% during the 150-minute period. Episodic partial GB emptying
      (ejection fraction 19% +/- 2%; intervals of 70 +/- 5 minutes) occurred during
      this phase. GB filling and partitioning of bile were unchanged after vagotomy. GB
      ejection fraction in response to CCK-8 was 69% +/- 6% in controls, 74% +/- 5%
      after atropine, 78% +/- 8% 4 weeks after vagotomy, and 66% +/- 6% 3 months after
      vagotomy. Sixteen human subjects were studied after parietal cell vagotomy (six
      patients) or truncal vagotomy and drainage (10 patients). GB filling average 2.5%
      +/- 2% per minute in patients who underwent truncal vagotomy and 3% +/- 1% per
      minute in patients who underwent parietal cell vagotomy. GB emptying in response
      to CCK-33 (0.02 U/kg/min) was 74% +/- 7% in patients who underwent truncal
      vagotomy and 82% +/- 4% in patients who underwent parietal cell vagotomy. Thus
      neither GB filling nor GB emptying in response to CCK was altered by cholinergic
      blockade or vagotomy.

PMID- 4035568
TI  - Inhibition of bile flow by intravenous arginine hydrochloride.
AB  - One proposed mechanism for the cholestasis associated with total parenteral
      nutrition is infusion of amino acids. Arginine, 19 mumol/kg/min, was infused for
      a short time in healthy dogs with a biliary fistula to test the effect of
      endogenous hormone release on bile flow and composition. Both plasma glucagon and
      blood glucose levels increased. Despite the release of the choleretic hormone,
      glucagon, bile flow decreased 30%. The suppression of bile flow was attributed to
      a decrease in the bile acid-dependent fraction of bile flow. Bile acid,
      cholesterol, and phospholipid output were all depressed.

PMID- 4035569
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy in a metropolitan community: comparison of results from
      three institutions.
AB  - The hospitalizations of 300 patients who had carotid endarterectomies (CEA) in
      three different kinds of hospital were analyzed. 100 patients had CEA performed
      by experienced vascular surgeons in a university hospital (UH), 100 patients had
      CEA performed by experienced vascular surgeons in private community hospitals
      (PCH), and 100 patients had CEA performed by senior general surgery residents
      (GSR) assisted by experienced vascular surgeons in a university-affiliated
      Veterans Administration hospital (VA). Analysis of patient characteristics
      revealed that, compared with the other groups, VA patients were (1) younger (62
      +/- 7 years; p less than 0.001); (2) had a higher frequency of peripheral
      vascular operations (51%; p less than 0.01; (3) were more often cigarette smokers
      (84%; p less than 0.001); and (4) had more contralateral carotid occlusions (19%)
      and ulcerated lesions (73%) (p less than 0.01). GSR had longer operating room
      times and cerebral ischemia times during shunt insertion and removal (6 +/- 2.8
      minutes) and during the CEA (30 +/- 27 minutes) (p less than 0.001).
      Postoperative hypertension and neck hematomas were less common in PCH patients (p
      less than 0.001) than in the other groups. Although their duration of
      hospitalization (17 +/- 12 days) was longer, the VA patients experienced no
      increased morbidity. There was a high rate of cranial nerve injury in all groups
      (27%, 15%, 17%) but symptoms were not often permanent (9%, 6%, 6%). Our data
      indicate that results of vascular operations performed by well-supervised
      residents are comparable in all important respects to those performed by fully
      trained surgeons.

PMID- 4035570
TI  - In utero supplemental fetal feeding in an animal model: effects on fetal growth
      and development.
AB  - That the fetus swallows amniotic fluid and has the capability of intestinal
      absorption of protein and carbohydrate is known, but its significance in fetal
      nutrition is not clear. We have infused nutrient solutions of dextrose and amino
      acids intra-amniotically in a chronic third-trimester fetal rabbit model and
      examined the effects on fetal growth and development. Over a 5-day period, 26
      fetal rabbits received graded doses of dextrose in water with or without amino
      acids infused continuously into the amniotic space. At the time of delivery,
      fetal body, liver, and brain weight, crown-rump length, and brain protein content
      were significantly higher in the infused rabbits than in noninfused controls.
      Amniotic fluid, serum, and gastric content glucose levels were significantly
      higher in infused fetuses. There was a linear relationship between nonprotein
      calories administered and fetal growth within the infused group. No toxicity of
      infusates in the fetus was noted, although technical complications relating to
      the infusion apparatus were common. We conclude that third-trimester intra
      amniotic infusion of nutrient solutions enhances fetal growth in this rabbit
      model. We speculate that this technique may be of value in the antenatal
      treatment of growth-retarded fetuses.

PMID- 4035571
TI  - Age, gender, lateral dominance, and prediction of operative skill among general
      surgery residents.
AB  - Ability patterns and surgical proficiency were examined in matched groups of
      general surgery residents selected on the basis of age, gender, or hand
      preference from a population of 141 residents who had completed neuropsychologic
      tests of visuospatial, psychomotor, and stress tolerance abilities and had been
      rated on 12 aspects of technical skill exhibited during 1480 operative
      procedures. Older residents (ages 28 to 42 years) exhibited less motor speed (p
      less than 0.05) and coordination (p less than 0.005) and more caution in avoiding
      psychomotor errors (p less than 0.05) than did their younger counterparts. No
      differences were found for visuospatial abilities, stress tolerance, or rated
      surgical skill. These findings indicate that although age does appear to
      adversely affect pure motor skills, these are not important components of
      operative proficiency. Female residents exhibited superior (p less than 0.05)
      academic achievement (MCAT, Verbal and National Boards Part II) as compared with
      their male counterparts. They also excelled on a signal detection task requiring
      identification of visual patterns. However, the women scored less well (p less
      than 0.05) than men on a visuomotor task demonstrated to be a significant
      predictor of operative skill. Greater cautiousness in avoiding errors may be a
      contributing factor to their reduced efficiency on this task. In comparison to
      male controls, female residents received consistently lower surgical skills
      ratings, particularly on items measuring confidence and task organization. Left
      handed residents were more reactive to stress (p less than 0.03), more cautious
      (p less than 0.04), and more proficient on a neuropsychologic test of tactile
      spatial abilities (p less than 0.03) than right-handed counterparts. Although
      these traits correlated positively (p less than 0.05) with rated operative skill
      within the left-handed group, the group received consistently lower ratings than
      did right-handed residents. The inconvenience of assisting left-handed residents
      may overshadow attending surgeons' perceptions of their innate abilities. These
      findings demonstrate significant, neuropsychologically based differences among
      surgery residents that pose unique challenges to persons responsible for their
      selection and training.

PMID- 4035572
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of surface cooling-induced hypothermia on immature pigs with
      ventricular septal defects.
AB  - Clinical interventions for repair of congenital heart defects, such as
      hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass, may cause changes in pulmonary vascular
      resistance (PVR) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) leading to deleterious
      alterations in blood flow. Since the relationship between the pulmonary and
      systemic circulations in patients with ventricular septal defects (VSDs) is
      dynamic and susceptible to stimuli, we directly measured hemodynamic variables
      and blood flow distribution in infant pigs with VSDs during surface cooling. In
      12 piglets (aged 4 weeks and weighing 4 kg), VSDs were created by caval
      occlusion, right ventriculotomy, and septal perforation, resulting in a 2.2 +/-
      0.4:1 shunt. SVR and PVR were derived by both the flow probe (FP) and microsphere
      (microseconds) techniques. Systemic and pulmonary blood flow distribution were
      measured (microseconds). Qp/Qs ratios were derived by oximetry, FP, and
      microseconds techniques. Pigs were surface cooled in 28 degrees C while
      measurements were made at 37 degrees, 32 degrees, and 28 degrees C. SVR increased
      by FP (4034 +/- 55.4 to 10450 +/- 2132 dynes-sec/cm5 [p less than 0.05]) and by
      microseconds (3097 +/- 497 to 1022 +/- 2583 dynes-sec/cm5 [p less than 0.05]),
      while PVR remained unchanged. Qp/Qs ratios increased during hypothermia by FP
      (2.4 +/- 0.4:1 to 6.3 +/- 1.4:1 [p less than 0.05]), by microseconds (2.2 +/-
      0.4:1 to 3.5 +/- 0.8:1 [p less than 0.05]), and by oximetry (1.4 +/- 0.1:1 to 2.6
      +/- 0.3:1 [p less than 0.05]). Visceral flow (34.8 +/- 5 to 17.5 +/- 4 ml/100
      gm/min [p less than 0.05]) and renal flow (127 +/- 21 to 53 +/- 11 ml/100 gm/min)
      [p less than 0.05]) both decreased during hypothermia. Systemic surface cooling
      induced hypothermia in pigs with VSD causes an increase in SVR but no change in
      PVR resulting in an increased left to right intracardiac shunt confirmed by three
      measurement techniques. Redistribution of blood flow favors the lungs while
      lowering renal and visceral flow. Surface cooling-induced hypothermia and
      circulatory arrest in infants with VSDs may cause circulatory alterations leading
      to increased left to right shunt and decreased renal and visceral flow even
      before cardiopulmonary bypass and intracardiac repair.

PMID- 4035573
TI  - Histopathologic factors conducive to experimental ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Ventricular tachyarrhythmia is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death.
      Determination of the substrates conducive to the initiation of this arrhythmia
      remains an important clinical goal. The purpose of this study was to correlate
      histopathologic findings, specifically: pattern (heterogeneous versus homogeneous
      infarct morphology), distribution (viable epicardial and/or endocardial rim), and
      infarct size, with susceptibility to the initiation of sustained ventricular
      tachycardia employing programmed electrical stimulation in two canine models of
      experimental myocardial infarction. Twenty-one adult dogs were randomly divided
      into two groups: 12 dogs underwent two-stage, 2-hour occlusion of the proximal
      left anterior descending coronary artery and nine animals underwent permanent,
      complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery with latex
      embolization. With programmed ventricular pacing with two premature ventricular
      extrastimuli, initiation of ventricular tachycardia was attempted, open chest,
      two weeks after infarction. Electrophysiologic evaluation of the infarct type
      correlated significantly with the histologic morphology of the infarction (p less
      than 0.001). The presence of a viable epicardial rim was an extremely important
      variable for ability to induce sustained ventricular tachycardia (p = 0.04). The
      presence of an endocardial rim was not significant (p = 1.0). Infarct size alone
      was only marginally related to ventricular tachycardia inducibility (p = 0.08).
      Nonuniform infarcts were more conducive to the initiation of sustained
      ventricular tachycardia than were homogeneous infarcts (p = 0.025). The presence
      of a large, nonuniform infarct correlated best with inducibility (p = 0.0002).
      Thus in these experimental models, specific infarct morphologies correlate
      significantly with susceptibility to inducible sustained ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 4035574
TI  - The role of adenosine in the regulation of coronary blood flow in newborn lambs.
AB  - Adenosine is a metabolic vasodilator of the coronary vessels in the adult.
      Whether it plays a similar role in the regulation of coronary blood flow (CBF) in
      the newborn is not known. We evaluated changes in adenosine release during
      periods of decreased oxygen supply (hypoxia) and increased oxygen demand
      (dobutamine infusions). In anesthetized open-chest lambs (age 1 to 8 days),
      aortic and coronary sinus adenosine concentrations, circumflex CBF, and
      myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) were measured. Adenosine was assayed by high
      performance liquid chromatography, and the release of adenosine was calculated as
      the product of the aortic-coronary sinus plasma level difference and CBF in
      milliliters per minute per 100 gm myocardial tissue. Control values were obtained
      when the lambs were ventilated with 60% oxygen. In the first series of
      experiments, hypoxemia resulted in an increase in CBF from 120 +/- 5 to 171 +/- 8
      ml/min/100 gm (p less than 0.01). This was associated with sixfold increase in
      adenosine release. In a second set of experiments the intravenous infusion of
      dobutamine resulted in parallel increases in MVO2 and CBF. Concomitantly,
      adenosine release increased by fivefold. There were significant linear
      relationships between MVO2 and CBF (r = 0.96; p less than 0.01), MVO2 and
      adenosine release (r = 0.69; p less than 0.002), and adenosine release and CBF (r
      = 0.71; p less than 0.002). These data support the hypothesis that adenosine may
      play an important role in the regulation of CBF in the newborn lamb.

PMID- 4035575
TI  - Quantification of pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass to permit direct
      comparison of the effectiveness of various types of "pulsatile" and
      "nonpulsatile" flow.
AB  - The relative merits of adding a "pulsatile" component to flow during
      cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has long generated controversy, the resolution of
      which has been hampered by lack of quantification of the "pulsatility" delivered
      by different devices. The present experimental series had two goals: to quantify
      the "pulsatility" of blood flow during CPB in terms of pulse rate and pulsatility
      index (PI) and to examine which aspects of a "pulsed flow" provide clinical
      benefits. A flow waveform can be expressed in terms of its baseline rate and its
      PI, the sum of the square of its harmonics components divided by the square of
      the mean flow. We used PI to quantify the pulsatility of blood flow in the
      descending thoracic aorta and used changes in the serum lactate level as an
      indication of end organ flow. In one experimental series seven adult mongrel dogs
      were placed on roller pump CPB at a constant flow of 100 ml/kg/min. After a 20
      minute stabilization period a roller pump wave and three different pulse shapes
      (generated by a computer-controlled hydraulic pump) were evaluated for 15 minutes
      each. The pulse wave shapes were graded, with C being the sharpest and A the
      least sharp. In a second series six other dogs were placed on CPB and were
      subjected to roller pump perfusion and three pulse waves of identical shape but
      at different rates. The results indicated that a combination of a minimum PI of
      1.88 and a minimum rate of 80 bpm were necessary to significantly reduce lactate
      production as compared with roller pump perfusion. Thus the same mean flow can
      have very different physiologic effects depending on how it is delivered. This
      quantification method permits direct comparison of different "pulsatile
      waveforms" and provides a means for identification of optimal pulsatile flow.

PMID- 4035576
TI  - The pathophysiology of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis after urinary diversion
      through intestinal segments.
AB  - The pathophysiology of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis after urinary diversion
      through intestinal segments has not been defined. This study employs a canine
      model in which an ileal segment is interposed between one kidney and the urinary
      bladder. Comparison of urinary solute excretion rates between the normal and
      interposed renal units allows quantitation of solute reabsorption and secretion
      by the ileal segment. Ileal segments reabsorb urinary chloride, potassium, and
      ammonium. Ammonium is reabsorbed in part as its conjugate free base, ammonia,
      with the liberated hydrogen ion reabsorbed with chloride or excreted as
      titratable acid. Inability to excrete acid as ammonium results in depletion of
      body buffers and a diminished capacity to compensate an additional acid
      challenge. Bicarbonate is secreted by the ileal segments but not in amounts that
      are physiologically significant. Impaired renal function predisposes to the
      development of this syndrome but is not a primary pathophysiologic mechanism.

PMID- 4035577
TI  - Temporary banding of the gastroesophageal junction in the critically ill neonate
      with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - Patients with esophageal atresia and a distal tracheoesophageal fistula with
      associated conditions contributing to decreased pulmonary compliance present
      special problems in management. In the face of positive pressure ventilation, the
      fistula acts as a vent preventing adequate ventilatory effort from reaching the
      lungs. A thoracic approach to ligate or divide the fistula carries with it a high
      mortality rate. A technique is described whereby a silicone rubber band is
      applied to the gastroesophageal junction to effectively occlude the esophagus. It
      is designed so that is can be adjusted or removed, without operative
      intervention, according to the patient's clinical course and growth.

PMID- 4035578
TI  - Angiographic demonstration of mesenteric arterial changes in postcoarctectomy
      syndrome.
AB  - A 32-year-old man developed abdominal pain and the paradoxical hypertension after
      aortic coarctation repair. Abdominal angiography revealed widespread changes of
      the branches of the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac axis. After the
      conservative treatment, both the abdominal pain and the angiographic changes
      disappeared.

PMID- 4035579
TI  - Aneurysm of persistent sciatic artery: report of a case treated by endovascular
      occlusion and femoropopliteal bypass.
AB  - Aneurysmal degeneration is the most serious complication of persistent sciatic
      artery. In the literature there have been only 16 surgically treated cases. We
      report one additional case to present an original and safe method of treatment:
      balloon endovascular occlusion and femoropopliteal bypass. Diagnosis and other
      methods of treatment are discussed.

PMID- 4035580
TI  - Varicose ulcer of the upper extremity.
AB  - Serious complications of local venous hypertension occur rarely in the upper
      extremity. These are most frequently the result of a dysfunctional arteriovenous
      fistula and may produce changes indistinguishable from those of chronic lower
      extremity venous insufficiency. A combination of arterial and venous contrast
      imaging is essential for identifying major venous outflow obstruction and for
      planning appropriate surgical therapy.

PMID- 4035581
TI  - Brain manganese, catecholamine turnover, and the development of startle in rats
      prenatally exposed to manganese.
AB  - Manganese (Mn) can be neurotoxic when present in high concentrations. Neonatal
      animals show differential absorption, accumulation, and excretion of Mn relative
      to adults. If similar kinetic differences exist during gestation, then fetal
      animals may be susceptible to Mn neurotoxicity. The objective of this study was
      to examine maternal-fetal Mn transfer and the susceptibility of prenatal animals
      to Mn neurotoxicity. This was approached by studying the ability of Mn to cross
      the placenta and reach the fetal central nervous system using radiotracer and
      atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. Manganese is thought to disrupt
      catecholamine neurotransmission in the central nervous system. This was examined
      in newborn rats by alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine induced catecholamine turnover and
      the development of the acoustic startle response. The results suggest that there
      are limits on fetal Mn accumulation under conditions of both normal and excessive
      dietary Mn levels. Manganese accumulation in the fetal brain after exposure to
      increased dietary Mn does not alter either dopamine or norepinephrine turnover or
      the development of the acoustic startle response. Excess Mn does not appear to be
      neurotoxic to fetal rats in spite of its limited accumulation in nervous tissue
      after gestational exposure.

PMID- 4035582
TI  - Identification of the cellular retinoic acid binding protein (cRABP) within the
      embryonic mouse (CD-1) limb bud.
AB  - Retinoic acid, a physiologically active metabolite of vitamin A, is known animal
      teratogen. Among other malformations, limb abnormalities are produced and are
      attributed to a selective inhibition of differentiating prechondrogenic
      mesenchyme resulting in reduced or absent cartilage elements. Evidence is
      available that the cellular retinoic acid binding protein (cRABP) may be
      important in mediating the biological effects of retinoic acid. In this study,
      the cRABP has been identified by sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis in the
      gestation day 10 (Theiler stages 16-17) mouse forelimb bud, which contains
      retinoic-acid-sensitive prechondrogenic mesenchyme. Saturation analysis
      demonstrated values for the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.0 and 2.2 X
      10(-9)M and for the total specific binding capacity for [3H]-trans-retinoic acid
      of 24.5 and 25.6 pmoles per mg cytosolic protein. The binding specificity of the
      forelimb bud cRABP for all-trans-retinoic acid was demonstrated in competition
      assays using all-trans-retinol, all-trans-retinal, and 13-cis-retinoic acid. In
      addition, 13-cis-retinoic acid was demonstrated to have a lower affinity for the
      cRABP than all-trans-retinoic acid, a result which may be related to the lower
      teratogenic potency of the 13-cis-retinoic acid. Thus, the cRABP was demonstrated
      in the mouse forelimb bud at a time of susceptibility for the production of limb
      malformations by retinoic acid. The role of the cRABP in the mechanism of
      retinoic acid teratogenicity remains to be delineated.

PMID- 4035583
TI  - Effect of ethinyl estradiol on the differentiation of mouse fetal testis.
AB  - In an evaluation of the effect of ethinyl estradiol (EE) on the differentiation
      of fetal mouse testes, the ratio of the seminiferous tubular region to the
      testicular tissue region, the ratio of Sertoli cells to gonocytes in tubule cross
      sections, and the size of Leydig cells were determined by the Texture Analyse
      System (T.A.S., Leitz) in histological preparations of the testes. The testes
      were those of fetuses taken from dams given orally 0, 0.02, 0.2 or 2.0 mg/kg of
      body weight of EE in olive oil from day 11 through day 17 of gestation and killed
      at term. From experimental and the control testes, five sections were taken at 40
      micron intervals. The areas of the seminiferous tubular region and the testicular
      region were determined and the Sertoli cells and gonocytes in tubule cross
      section were counted in each of the five sections. The diameters of 100 Leydig
      cells selected at random were averaged. These data were analyzed by Student's t
      test. The seminiferous tubular region was significantly increased in the testes
      treated with 0.02 mg/kg of EE and significantly decreased in those treated with
      0.2 mg/kg of EE. The number of gonocytes per tubule cross section was
      significantly increased in the testes treated with 0.02 or 2.0 mg/kg of EE. The
      number of Sertoli cells per tubule cross section and the number of Sertoli cells
      per gonocyte were significantly decreased in the experimental testes. The size of
      the Leydig cells was significantly decreased in the testes treated with 0.2 mg/kg
      of EE. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to EE before testicular
      differentiation affects tubular formation, the proliferation of fetal Sertoli
      cells, and Leydig cell differentiation, resulting in disturbances of
      spermatogenesis.

PMID- 4035584
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone on phospholipase activities in palate mesenchyme cells
      in vitro.
AB  - Treatment of primary cultures of palate mesenchyme cells from AJAX strain embryos
      with dexamethasone inhibited only phospholipase activity expressed at pH 7.5. A
      similar treatment did not have such an effect on palate mesenchyme cells from
      C57BL/6J strain embryos. Since the AJAX strain embryo is sensitive to the
      induction of cleft palate by exogenous glucocorticoids and the C57BL/6J strain is
      less so, these data allow consideration of phospholipase activity as a site of
      regulation for development of the palate.

PMID- 4035585
TI  - Genetic analysis of spontaneous and induced palatal slit in C57BL/6 mice.
AB  - The results of experiments designed to elucidate the nature of the genetic
      factors underlying the palatal slit defect in C57BL/6 mice indicate that probably
      two loci in females and four in males determine the difference in susceptibility
      to the spontaneous defect between the C57BL/6 and SWV/BcTa strains of mice.
      Moreover, it appears that these are not the same genes determining the difference
      between these same strains in palatal slit response to maternal treatment with
      triamcinolone. Additional evidence is presented to support the view that in the
      C57BL/6 strain the triamcinolone-induced palatal slit and cleft palate responses
      are not correlated.

PMID- 4035586
TI  - Goldenhar syndrome, anterior encephalocele, and aqueductal stenosis following
      fetal primidone exposure.
AB  - Fetal exposure to primidone was associated with Goldenhar syndrome, hemifacial
      microsomia, tetralogy of Fallot, aqueductal stenosis, and anterior encephalocele
      in this male infant. No similar cases in anticonvulsant-exposed pregnancies were
      found on literature review, despite the increased incidence of other anomalies
      following such exposure. Goldenhar syndrome, especially related to rare central
      nervous system anomalies, is reviewed. Experimental production of hemifacial
      microsomia by a folic acid antagonist, triaxene, is mediated via hemorrhage in
      the fetus. Intraventricular hemorrhage was noted in this infant as were dilated
      lateral and third ventricles. The hemorrhagic diathesis and/or the folic acid
      depletion of newborns following fetal anticonvulsant exposure may have been the
      underlying mechanism.

PMID- 4035587
TI  - Teratogen update: clinical aspects of thalidomide embryopathy--a continuing
      preoccupation.
AB  - There is much misinformation in the medical community regarding the thalidomide
      syndrome. Some physicians and scientists are unaware of the fact that organs
      other than the limbs were frequently affected. Some believe that thalidomide
      could produce any type of limb reduction defect. Most were aware of the very
      narrow period of early organogenesis during which the thalidomide-type
      malformations could be produced. Important features include the fact that limb
      reduction defects were primarily preaxial, included concomitant girdle hypoplasia
      when limb reductions were severe, were almost universally bilateral and did not
      include distal transverse-type defects often called "hemimelia". While it can be
      said that some spontaneous (non-thalidomide) malformations can mimic the
      thalidomide syndrome, it can also be said that many limb reduction defects can be
      determined not to have been produced by thalidomide. The risks of the various
      defects can be estimated following exposure, with most certainty for limb
      defects, with less certainty for other defects. Many defects were not associated
      with exposure to thalidomide such as cleft lip and severe mental retardation.

PMID- 4035588
TI  - Sauna and birth defects.

PMID- 4035589
TI  - Teratogenicity of dimethoxyethyl phthalate and its metabolites methoxyethanol and
      methoxyacetic acid in the rat.
AB  - It is hypothesized that the known teratogen di(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate (DMEP)
      acts by in vivo hydrolysis to 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME), also a known teratogen,
      which in turn is metabolized to methoxyacetic acid (MAA), the proximate
      teratogen. Teratological studies were conducted with Wistar rats, with the
      administration of these three agents on day 12 of gestation. On an equimolar
      dosage basis, DMEP, 2-ME, and MAA were equally potent, which is consistent with
      the hypothesis. There was a striking similarity in the defects produced by these
      agents, mainly hydronephrosis, heart defects, and short limbs and tails. In
      particular all three agents produced unusual heart defects (dilated ductus
      arteriosus and dilated aortic arch) not seen with other agents, as well as
      ventral polydactyly, a rarely seen defect, suggesting teratogenic action by a
      common mechanism or component; 4-methylpyrazole, an alcohol dehydrogenase
      inhibitor, provided significant protection against 2-ME. This combination of
      effects strongly suggests that following the administration of DMEP, 2-ME, or
      MAA, MAA is the proximate teratogen.

PMID- 4035590
TI  - Electrocardiographic study of rat fetuses exposed to ethylene glycol monomethyl
      ether (EGME).
AB  - The widely used industrial solvent ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) is
      teratogenic to rats and mice, inducing a variety of heart and major vessel
      abnormalities. In the present study, electrocardiography was used to evaluate
      heart function in day 20 rat (Sprague-Dawley) fetuses from mothers treated on
      gestation days 7-13 (sperm = day 1) with 0, 25, or 50 mg/kg EGME by gavage in 10
      ml/kg water. The increased incidence of fetuses with cardiovascular malformations
      (primarily right ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect) and abnormal
      electrocardiograms (EKG) was dose dependent. The most prevalent EKG abnormality
      was a prolonged QRS wave. Mean QRS intervals were not significantly increased by
      EGME exposure, but there were significantly more litters in the 50-mg/kg EGME
      group that had one or more fetuses with QRS complexes of 40 msec or longer. The
      enhanced duration and the appearance of the aberrant QRS's suggested the presence
      of an intraventricular conduction delay in these fetuses. Heart rate and other
      EKG characteristics such as the P wave or P-R and Q-T intervals were not
      significantly affected by exposure to EGME. There did not appear to be an
      association between abnormal EKG's and fetal heart dysmorphology.

PMID- 4035591
TI  - Maternal factors in congenital limb-reduction defects.
AB  - Various maternal characteristics were examined in case-control studies of limb
      reduction defects among live births in Upstate New York (i.e., New York State
      exclusive of New York City). In a study using birth records of 305 cases and 915
      controls born in 1970-81, mean birth weight and gestation length were
      significantly lower in cases than in controls, and certain pregnancy
      complications (i.e., abnormal vaginal bleeding and diabetes mellitus) were
      reported more often in cases than in controls. Several subgroups of defects
      (i.e., isolated defects vs. multiple, long-bone defects vs. other) were also
      compared with their respective controls. The subgroup with multiple (including
      nonskeletal) defects had the lowest mean birth weight and length of gestation. In
      an interview study of 108 cases and 108 controls born in 1968-74, a history of
      maternal use of thyroid medication was a significant risk factor; possible
      explanations for this association are discussed.

PMID- 4035592
TI  - Induction of chick embryo feather malformations by an influenza C virus.
AB  - The effect of influenza C virus, strain JJ/50, on the development of chicken
      embryos infected at 10 or 12 days was documented by microscopic techniques, as
      well as by gross observations of embryos or chicks at hatching. The infected,
      newly hatched chicks displayed marked abnormalities in their feathering. Such
      abnormalities were observed neither in mock-infected embryos nor in embryos
      injected with virus which had been previously treated with specific influenza C
      virus antibody. At a microscopic level, the abnormalities apparently are a result
      of hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of the developing barb and barbule cells.
      Further, the additional development of integumental necrotic foci was correlated
      with the development of relatively high viral titers (greater than 256) as
      measured by hemagglutination (HA). Embryos infected after 12 instead of 10 days
      incubation showed normal feathering at hatching. Infection at 12 days, however,
      was correlated with the development of relatively low viral titers (HA = 4) and
      limited degeneration of the respiratory epithelium. The relationship of
      teratogenic effects to the site of viral replication in rapidly differentiating
      tissue is discussed.

PMID- 4035594
TI  - Prevention of the eye closure defect in lgMl/lgMl fetal mice by thyroxine.
AB  - The open-eye birth defect of mice caused by the lgMl mutation was prevented by
      prenatal administration of thyroxine (T4) to the pregnant mother. Treatment on
      days 10 to 11 of gestation was most effective in preventing open-eyes. A
      contrasting worsening of the defect was seen after treatment on day 14 of
      gestation. A dose-response relationship for prevention appeared to be present up
      to a dose of 0.1 mg/mouse, after which 39% of fetuses had both eyes closed
      compared to 2% in controls. Higher doses appeared to give little or no further
      increase in beneficial effect. Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare
      thyroxine-treated and untreated lgMl/lgMl and normal CBA/J day 16 or 17 fetal
      eyes. Mutant eye closure after thyroxine differed from untreated mutant in the
      growth of both upper and lower eyelids across the eye and in increased numbers of
      rounded periderm cells on the advancing lid edges. The underlying epithelial
      tissue layer appeared to fuse closed. The induced eye closure in the mutant was
      not normal, however. The periderm cell layer had disorderly fusion at the outer
      canthus, premature flattening, and failure to fuse in the inner canthus.

PMID- 4035593
TI  - Teratogenicity and embryolethality of acrolein and structurally related compounds
      in rats.
AB  - Acrolein, a metabolite of the anticancer agent cyclophosphamide, is teratogenic
      to rats after intraamniotic administration. It is not known whether acrolein or a
      metabolite of acrolein is responsible for the teratogenicity of this compound. We
      assessed the teratogenicity and embryolethality of acrolein and five structurally
      related compounds: acrylic acid, allyl alcohol, glycidol, glyceraldehyde, and
      propionaldehyde by intraamniotic injections in Sprague-Dawley rats on day 13 of
      gestation. All compounds tested were significantly embryolethal with at least one
      concentration of the drug. Acrolein was the most embryolethal of the drugs,
      causing a significant increase in resorptions with as little as 0.1
      micrograms/fetus; the other drugs were embryolethal at doses 100-10,000 times
      that of acrolein. Acrolein was also the most teratogenic of the drugs tested; a
      dose as low as 5 micrograms/fetus caused a significant increase in the incidence
      of fetal malformations. Of the other compounds tested, only glycidol at a dose of
      1,000 micrograms/fetus induced a significant number of malformed fetuses compared
      to control. These results suggest that it is acrolein itself that is responsible
      for its teratogenicity.

PMID- 4035595
TI  - Granulomatous disease complicating hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 4035596
TI  - Frequency of preparticipation sports examinations in secondary school athletes:
      are the University Interscholastic League guidelines appropriate?

PMID- 4035597
TI  - Predictors of nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 4035598
TI  - Catheter size and rapid crystalloid infusion.

PMID- 4035599
TI  - Psychotic reactions to a natural disaster: Hurricane Alicia.

PMID- 4035600
TI  - Contractual arrangements between lay corporations and physicians--patient
      safeguards.

PMID- 4035601
TI  - Indications for bone marrow examination.

PMID- 4035602
TI  - Suicide by adolescents.

PMID- 4035604
TI  - Ten steps to the courthouse.

PMID- 4035603
TI  - Texas EMS--policies and people.

PMID- 4035605
TI  - Contractual arrangements between lay corporations and physicians--patient
      safeguards--Part II.

PMID- 4035606
TI  - Disease and the humanities.

PMID- 4035607
TI  - Cancer and the development of will.

PMID- 4035609
TI  - Health and life.

PMID- 4035608
TI  - Scepticism and public health: on the problem of disease for the collective.

PMID- 4035610
TI  - Remarks in praise of guilt.

PMID- 4035611
TI  - The language of pain.

PMID- 4035612
TI  - Disease and social theory: a problem of conversation.

PMID- 4035613
TI  - Construction of illness: deconstructing the social.

PMID- 4035614
TI  - Ultrastructural organisation of intraepithelial nerves in the human airway tract.
AB  - Intraepithelial nerves of human airway tract were studied by electron microscopy
      after conventional glutaraldehyde fixation. Specimens were obtained from five
      patients at three different airway levels--the trachea, the right upper lobe
      bronchus, and segmental bronchus. Intraepithelial axon profiles were located
      either near the basement membrane or close to the lumen but were rare in the
      intermediate area of the epithelium. Axon profiles close to the lumen were seen
      only in the central airways (levels 1 and 2), while profiles close to the
      basement membrane were seen in all three levels.

PMID- 4035615
TI  - Transepithelial potential difference in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - In cystic fibrosis the potential difference between interstitial fluid and the
      surface of respiratory and sweat duct epithelia is abnormally large. This study
      attempted to confirm this finding and investigate its value for a diagnostic
      test. With a subcutaneous reference electrode the mean potential difference of
      the inferior turbinate was -25 mv in 19 patients with cystic fibrosis, which was
      significantly greater than the difference of -13 mv in 22 normal subjects (p less
      than 0.02). Of the observations in the patients with cystic fibrosis, 67% were
      greater than the largest potential difference observed in normal individuals.
      Potential differences from the lip and forearm were also significantly greater in
      cystic fibrosis than in normal subjects, but there was considerable overlap.
      Changes in the electrical properties of nasal epithelium and skin have been
      confirmed in cystic fibrosis, but these have limited use for diagnosis.

PMID- 4035616
TI  - Chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis: relationship between lung lavage cell counts,
      chest radiograph, and results of standard lung function tests.
AB  - Thirty three consecutive untreated patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, confirmed
      histologically or by Kveim test, were investigated to correlate cell counts in
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with clinical features, the chest radiograph, and
      results of lung function tests. A persistently abnormal radiograph had been
      observed for one year or more in 26 (79%) and for two years or more in 20 (61%),
      but only 24% had dyspnoea. Twenty (61%) of 33 patients showed an increased
      percentage of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, although only eight
      (24%) exceeded 28%. A moderate increase of neutrophils, up to 12%, was found in
      14 (42%). Lymphocyte percentage counts were higher in the group of patients
      without evidence of radiographic contraction suggesting fibrosis, and this
      contrasted with higher percentage neutrophil counts in those with contraction.
      There was also a correlation between the percentages of neutrophils and
      increasing radiographic profusion scores (p less than 0.001), suggesting that
      neutrophils may reflect the severity of the parenchymal legions as well as
      fibrotic distortion, and an inverse correlation with vital capacity (p less than
      0.001) and transfer factor (TLCO) (p less than 0.1 greater than 0.05). No
      significant correlation was found between the lymphocyte counts and radiographic
      profusion scores, vital capacity or TLCO; but it was noted that all eight
      patients with high lymphocyte counts (greater than 28%) had radiographic
      profusion scores less than 12. This study shows that, especially in sarcoidosis
      with more extensive radiographic shadows of long duration, bronchoalveolar lavage
      neutrophils may be important as well as lymphocytes in clinical assessment of
      "activity" of disease. These observations are important because they throw doubt
      on whether the lavage lymphocyte count alone can be used as an indicator of the
      need to start corticosteroid treatment.

PMID- 4035617
TI  - Asbestosis: assessment by bronchoalveolar lavage and measurement of pulmonary
      epithelial permeability.
AB  - Thirty two patients with asbestosis were assessed by means of bronchoalveolar
      lavage (27 patients) and the half time clearance from lungs to blood (T1/2LB) of
      an inhaled aerosol of diethylenetriamine pentacetate (DTPA) labelled with
      technetium 99m (32 patients). T1/2LB was also measured in 20 non-smoking normal
      individuals and 17 smokers without a history of exposure to asbestos. Thirteen
      patients (46%) showed an increase in the percentage of neutrophils with or
      without an increase in the percentage of eosinophils and eight (29%) showed an
      increased percentage of lymphocytes. The number of neutrophils plus eosinophils
      expressed as a percentage of the total count was positively correlated with the
      length of the history of disease (r = 0.53, p less than 0.025) and greater
      percentages were associated with more severe impairment of lung function. Smokers
      had lower percentages of lymphocytes than non-smokers (p less than 0.002) and
      showed increased proportions of neutrophils and eosinophils more often than non
      smokers (p less than 0.05). In 18 non-smokers with asbestosis the mean T1/2LB was
      33.8 (range 10.0-62.0) minutes, significantly less than 57.2 (30.5-109) minutes
      in 20 non-smoking normal subjects (p less than 0.002). In non-smokers shorter
      T1/2LB correlated with a longer time since first exposure to asbestos (r = -0.65,
      p less than 0.005), longer duration of exposure (r = -0.70, p less than 0.001),
      and a shorter time since last exposure (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01). Shorter
      T1/2LB was also associated with increased inflammatory activity as shown by
      higher bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts (r = -0.53, p less than 0.025) and
      higher combined percentages of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes (r = 
      0.47, p less than 0.05). The techniques of bronchoalveolar lavage and measurement
      of inhaled solute clearance may be useful in assessing inflammatory activity in
      asbestosis.

PMID- 4035618
TI  - Further experience of Corynebacterium parvum in malignant pleural effusion.
AB  - The outcome of drug induced pleurodesis has been evaluated in a non-randomised
      retrospective study of 67 patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusions
      treated during 1976-83. Fourteen died within 30 days of treatment. Of the
      remaining 53 patients, 26 studied during 1976-80 were treated with intrapleural
      mustine hydrochloride, while 27 studied during 1978-83 were treated with
      intrapleural Corynebacterium parvum. There was no significant difference between
      the groups in age, sex, or tumour type, most tumours being secondary to bronchial
      neoplasms. Corynebacterium parvum successfully prevented reaccumulation of the
      effusion in 24 (92%) patients, while mustine was effective in only 17 (65%) (p
      less than 0.05). Data on survival were obtained on 47 cases where a single agent
      was used to induce pleurodesis. In 25 patients treated with C parvum the mean
      survival was 251 (range 31-1143) days, compared with 119 (range 31-380) days for
      the 22 patients in whom mustine was used. Survival of the C parvum group was
      significantly greater (p less than 0.01). The difference was principally due to
      the greater number of long term survivors in the C parvum group, nine of this
      group living for more than 180 days (mean 574, range 180-1143 days) compared with
      only four such survivors in the mustine group (mean 263, range 193-380 days).
      This study confirms our initial impression that C parvum is highly effective in
      controlling recurrent malignant pleural effusions. The finding of unexpected long
      term survivors with C parvum treatment suggests that this treatment may have an
      additional effect on the progression of disease, a finding that merits further
      investigation.

PMID- 4035619
TI  - Relationship between saliva and free and total plasma theophylline concentrations
      in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.
AB  - Total plasma and mixed stimulated saliva theophylline concentrations (by high
      performance liquid chromatography) and free plasma theophylline concentrations
      (by equilibrium dialysis) were measured in simultaneously collected samples from
      32 outpatients receiving chronic oral theophylline treatment, who had received
      the drug at least two hours before sampling. There was a close relationship
      between saliva and total plasma theophylline concentration and between total
      saliva and free plasma concentration. The mean saliva to total plasma drug
      concentration ratio was 0.69 (SE 0.09) and the mean difference between paired
      saliva and free plasma concentration was 0.65 (0.17) microgram/ml. It is
      concluded that stimulated mixed saliva provides a simple, non-invasive method of
      assessing total (and free) plasma theophylline concentrations during chronic oral
      treatment. The therapeutic range for saliva, corresponding to the generally
      accepted total plasma concentration range (10-20 micrograms/ml), is approximately
      7-14 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 4035620
TI  - Clinical and radiographic features of psittacosis infection.
AB  - Forty three cases of psittacosis infection were identified retrospectively over a
      five year period. The commonest clinical presentation was of a bronchitic illness
      with a productive cough and features of systemic upset. In 12 (28%) cases no
      radiographic abnormality was detected on the chest film. Segmental shadowing was
      the commonest abnormality but lobar and more extensive consolidation occurred.
      There were no radiographic features that allowed confident differentiation from
      other causes of pneumonia. The total and differential white cell counts were
      usually normal and this feature may help to differentiate psittacosis from
      bacterial pneumonia.

PMID- 4035622
TI  - Amyloidosis of the respiratory tract treated by laser therapy.

PMID- 4035621
TI  - Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birthweight premature neonates.
AB  - The results of ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus in 30 premature neonates
      with a very low birth weight were analysed. The mean gestational age at birth was
      27 weeks and the mean weight 811 g. Attempted closure of the ductus with
      indomethacin in 19 infants failed, though there was temporary closure in nine.
      Congestive heart failure was present in 29 and respiratory distress in 22
      patients. Endotracheal intubation with assisted ventilation was necessary in all
      cases. The mean age at operation was 13.5 days and ductal ligation was performed
      in the intensive care unit under local anaesthesia supplemented with pancuronium
      and pethidine. There were no intraoperative deaths, but five infants died in
      hospital. There were seven late deaths. Eighteen survivors have been followed for
      a mean of 26.5 months. Early ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus in premature
      infants with a very low birth weight improved the cardiorespiratory state. Long
      term follow up showed good clinical progress in two thirds of the surviving
      group.

PMID- 4035623
TI  - Secondary bacterial infections in children with proved Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

PMID- 4035624
TI  - Primary pleural liposarcoma.

PMID- 4035625
TI  - Chest injury complicated by shock induced necrosis of the colon.

PMID- 4035626
TI  - Spontaneous intramural oesophageal dissection.

PMID- 4035627
TI  - Asthma due to contaminated humidifiers.

PMID- 4035628
TI  - Performance, ventilation, and oxygen consumption in three different types of
      exercise test in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.
AB  - Seventeen patients (six men and 11 women, mean age 66 years) with severe chronic
      obstructive lung disease (mean FEV1 0.8 (SD 0.3)1) performed three different
      types of exercise test on four occasions within one week. Three daily doses of
      placebo tablets were given between the third and fourth attempt at each test. The
      tests were the 12 minute walking test, a fixed rate and height paced step test,
      and a cycle ergometer test in which the work rate was increased by 10 watts each
      minute. Performance increased significantly (p less than 0.01) between the first
      and fourth attempts in each type of test (12 min walking distance 16% (SD 20%);
      steps climbed 96% (74%); duration of cycling 29% (41%]. There was a trend for the
      increase in performance between successive attempts to become progressively
      smaller but this was not significant. No effect of placebo on exercise
      performance was detected. The greatest intersubject range of performance was seen
      in the step test (14-126 steps) and the least in the walking test (438-1014 m).
      Significant correlations (p less than 0.01) were observed between performance in
      all three types of exercise test, but the correlations found between the results
      of the various tests of exercise performance and the FEV1 and the FVC were either
      weak (p less than 0.05) or non-significant. Ventilation (VE) and oxygen
      consumption (VO2) were subsequently measured and compared in eight patients
      during all three types of exercise test. Both the VE and the VO2 that were
      achieved in the step test were significantly greater than in either the cycle or
      the walking test. No patient was able to reach and sustain steady state values of
      VE and VO2 in the step test, whereas a steady state for both VE and VO2 was
      reached and sustained by all eight patients in the walking test. It is suggested
      that at least three practice attempts at any exercise test should be made before
      the introduction of either placebo or specific pharmacological treatment and that
      even then it may be necessary to allow for the effects of further repeated
      testing in the assessment of the results of treatment.

PMID- 4035629
TI  - Gastro-oesophageal reflux and childhood asthma: the acid test.
AB  - The presence of gastro-oesophageal reflux was investigated in 18 children with
      moderate to severe asthma by overnight oesophageal pH monitoring. Appreciable
      reflux was found during sleep in eight; its relevance to nocturnal asthma was not
      clear. On another occasion the same children were challenged in a double blind
      fashion with a drink of dilute hydrochloric acid (0.001 N) and the response of
      the airways was monitored by peak flow measurements and by histamine challenge
      tests. There was a significant increase in mean histamine sensitivity (p = 0.001)
      90 minutes after the acid drink without any associated change in baseline peak
      flow rate. Eight children had a significant response to the acid drink, and a
      further three reacted to a more concentrated solution (0.01 N). In those
      asthmatic children in whom reflux is associated with a positive response to an
      acid drink (five out of 18 in the present study) it seems likely that reflux
      exacerbates nocturnal symptoms.

PMID- 4035630
TI  - Bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine in aspirin sensitive asthmatics:
      relationship to aspirin threshold and effect of aspirin desensitisation.
AB  - Twenty seven aspirin sensitive asthmatic patients were studied to determine the
      relationship between non-specific bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine
      and the degree of sensitivity to aspirin (aspirin threshold dose). No correlation
      was found between provocative concentration of histamine (PC20H) and aspirin
      threshold dose. In 11 patients the influence of aspirin desensitisation on
      bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine was examined. Mean PC20H measured the
      day after the patients were desensitised to 600 mg of aspirin did not change
      significantly from the values before desensitisation. These observations suggest
      that sensitivity to aspirin and non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity in
      asthmatic patients are independent phenomena.

PMID- 4035631
TI  - Effects of histamine on lung permeability in normal and asthmatic subjects.
AB  - The permeability of respiratory mucosa, as measured by clearance of
      diethylenetriamine penta-acetate (DTPA) labelled with technetium 99m, was similar
      in seven normal and nine asthmatic subjects. Histamine induced
      bronchoconstriction was associated with a 50% increase in permeability in both
      groups of subjects. In normal subjects inhaled salbutamol, given as 1 mg acutely
      or as 200 micrograms four times daily for two weeks, had no effect on pulmonary
      permeability. Salbutamol, given before histamine challenge, prevented
      bronchoconstriction, but did not affect the increase in permeability seen in
      normal subjects. Low doses of histamine, sufficient to cause bronchoconstriction
      in the asthmatic subjects, produced little bronchoconstriction in normal subjects
      but caused increases in lung permeability similar to those seen in asthmatic
      subjects. These studies suggest that these two effects of inhaled histamine,
      bronchoconstriction and increased permeability, are independent.

PMID- 4035632
TI  - Contribution of the rib cage to breathing in tetraplegia.
AB  - In tetraplegia there is often paradoxical inward motion of the rib cage during
      inspiration. The volume of this negative contribution is difficult to estimate
      but can be obtained by optical mapping. The partitioning of ventilation between
      the rib cage and abdomen in six normal subjects, 10 stable tetraplegic patients,
      and one tetraplegic patient at intervals during rehabilitation has been studied
      by this technique. In normal subjects the tidal volume and the vital capacity
      were the sum of positive contributions from the rib cage and abdomen. In stable
      tetraplegic subjects with similar neurological levels, the rib cage contribution
      varied widely but the total chest wall displacement could not be predicted from
      the vital capacity. In the patient studied sequentially rib cage paradox reversed
      with time after injury, and this was associated with an absolute increase in
      vital capacity and an improvement in the action of the diaphragm.

PMID- 4035633
TI  - Variable anatomy of the right coronary artery supply to the left ventricle.
AB  - The right coronary artery is "dominant" (contributing to the supply of the left
      ventricular muscle) in 90% of people. Although the most common pattern is for the
      right coronary artery to bifurcate at the crux giving the posterior descending
      (posterior interventricular) artery, a branch may arise before the crux, either
      as an aberrant acute marginal artery or as an early posterior descending artery,
      crossing the diaphragmatic surface of the right ventricle. Recognition of this
      possibility may be important if surgical revascularisation is to be complete. To
      establish the frequency of these different patterns of blood supply, 22 hearts
      were studied in the dissecting room, and 100 consecutive coronary angiograms and
      100 consecutive operative drawings were reviewed. A vessel arising before the
      crux contributed to the supply of the left ventricle in one third of cases.

PMID- 4035634
TI  - Endocardectomy for the surgical treatment of endocardial fibrosis of the left
      ventricle.
AB  - Two patients with endomyocardial fibrosis of the left ventricle were treated by
      endocardectomy plus mitral valve replacement. In both cases the results of
      surgery were satisfactory. No consequences related to eosinophilia, which was
      present before operation in one of them, were noted. The poor prognosis of this
      progressive disease and the inefficiency of medical treatment compared with the
      good surgical results already reported from various centres encourage early
      operation for all patients with endomyocardial fibrosis who have symptoms.
      Because of the pathophysiology of the disease, endocardectomy should be attempted
      in all cases and anti-coagulant treatment continued for life.

PMID- 4035635
TI  - Streptococcus milleri as a cause of pleural empyema.
AB  - Review of an annual series of cases of empyema seen at a regional cardiothoracic
      unit showed that six out of 25 were due to Streptococcus milleri. The details of
      the cases are summarised. This organism is now an important cause of empyema,
      occurring much more commonly in men than in women; but since it is highly
      sensitive to penicillins permanent resolution can be achieved with antibiotic
      treatment combined with open or closed drainage.

PMID- 4035636
TI  - Monoclonal gammopathies in chest disease.

PMID- 4035637
TI  - Bilateral diaphragm weakness.

PMID- 4035638
TI  - Severe diaphragm weakness in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4035639
TI  - Neuralgic amyotrophy with bilateral diaphragmatic palsy.

PMID- 4035640
TI  - Intralobar pulmonary sequestration of ectopic pancreatic tissue with
      gastropancreatic duplication.

PMID- 4035641
TI  - Newly diagnosed cystic fibrosis in middle and later life.

PMID- 4035642
TI  - Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in untreated tuberculosis.

PMID- 4035644
TI  - Fibrinolytic activity in thrombin-infused rabbits.

PMID- 4035643
TI  - Activation of fibrinolysis by apolipoproteins of high density lipoproteins in
      man.
AB  - The effects on fibrinolysis of purified normal human plasma lipoproteins and
      their apolipoproteins (apo) were assessed in an in vitro system containing
      urokinase, plasminogen, and fibrin. High and very low density lipoproteins (HDL
      and VLDL, respectively) but not low density lipoproteins (LDL) significantly
      increased lysis of radiolabeled fibrin or lysis area of plated fibrin compared to
      controls. Apo HDL, apo HDL2, apo HDL3, apo VLDL (buffer soluble apo), apo AI and
      AII activated fibrinolysis by 1.3-1.4 fold of control values, whereas apo B (as a
      narrow density cut of LDL) and non-lipoprotein control proteins (albumin and
      myoglobin) did not. Addition of HDL in the absence of urokinase failed to
      activate fibrin lysis. These data demonstrate that the major proteins of HDL -
      apo AI and apo AII - and possibly certain minor constituent(s) common to HDL and
      VLDL participate in the fibrinolytic process.

PMID- 4035646
TI  - The role of the carbohydrate moiety for the inhibitory activity of antithrombin
      III.

PMID- 4035645
TI  - In vivo recovery of antithrombin concentrates.

PMID- 4035647
TI  - Antithrombotic and thrombolytic effects of galactan polysulfate (DH 6322) in
      rats.
AB  - Anticoagulant, fibrinolytic and thrombolytic effects of galactan polysulfate (DH
      6322), a new semi-synthetic polysaccharide sulfate of bacterial origin, were
      studied in the rat in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Addition of DH 6322 to citrated
      plasma gave a 50% reduction in euglobulin lysis time at around 50 micrograms/ml
      and a 2-fold prolongation in plasma recalcification time at 40 micrograms/ml.
      Intravenous injection of DH 6322 caused significant acceleration of euglobulin
      clot lysis and urokinase-induced plasma clot lysis at doses as low as 2 mg/kg,
      and also significant prolongation of plasma recalcification time. Oral
      application of the compound gave similar effects only at an extremely high dose
      of 3 g/kg. When injected intravenously before induction of pulmonary thrombosis
      by lactic acid infusion, DH 6322 was found to be effective in preventing thrombus
      formation. In progressive venous thrombosis induced by insertion of a steel coil
      into the inferior vena cava, DH 6322 treatment also caused a significant
      reduction of thrombus size together with increase in the serum levels of fibrin
      degradation products. The findings indicate that the antithrombotic effects of DH
      6322 result from its enhancement of the fibrinolytic potential as well as its
      anticoagulative action.

PMID- 4035648
TI  - Platelet thrombospondin haemagglutinin activity is due to aggregate formation.
AB  - Thrombospondin released from human blood platelets by thrombin activation formed
      high molecular weight aggregates which co-eluted with haemagglutinin activity on
      Sepharose 4B gel filtration. Thrombospondin aggregation was mediated by
      intermolecular disulphide bridges. The aggregates consisted of a series of
      oligomers ranging from a dimer to polymeric forms with Mr congruent to 40 X
      10(6). Native monomeric thrombospondin obtained by a modified procedure was
      deficient in haemagglutination activity but inhibited haemagglutination induced
      by aggregated thrombospondin.

PMID- 4035649
TI  - Coagulopoietin activity in rat plasma: influence of degree of hypoprothrombinemia
      and reproducibility of the response.
AB  - Injection of plasma from a vitamin K-deficient hypoprothrombinemic rat into a
      normal rat causes an increase in plasma prothrombin activity in the recipient
      rat. Maximum concentrations of the factor responsible for this response
      (coagulopoietin) are present in the plasma of rats fed a vitamin K-deficient diet
      for 7 days and do not increase as the period of deficiency is increased. The
      coagulopoietin activity of plasma from individual rats is variable, but similar
      activity was observed when multiple recipient rats received the same donor
      plasma.

PMID- 4035650
TI  - Substitution of antithrombin III in shock and DIC: a randomized study.
AB  - In 51 shock patients with DIC Antithrombin III (AT III) substitution, heparin or
      a combination of both substances respectively was administered. In the two groups
      which had been given AT III substitution the concentration of AT III rose
      considerably higher than the activity. There was a drop of the platelet count in
      both groups which had received heparin. C1 esterase inhibitor was diminished in
      the beginning but spontaneously increased in all groups. This increase was
      slowest in the group without substitution of AT III. The blood loss in cases of
      traumatic shock was considerably higher in the group which had received both
      substances. The consumption of AT III concentrates was slightly higher in the
      combined therapy group than in the AT III group. The duration of symptoms of DIC
      was considerably shorter in the two substituted groups than in the heparin group.
      It is concluded that additional administration of heparin does not improve the
      effect of AT III substitution in patients with DIC and that side effects such as
      thrombocytopenia and an increased blood loss are likely to develop when both
      substances are given simultaneously.

PMID- 4035651
TI  - Fibrinolytic action of a new semi-synthetic polysaccharide sulfate, galactan
      polysulfate (DH 6322), in the rat.
AB  - Galactan polysulfate, DH 6322, when added to rat plasma, shortened euglobulin
      clot lysis time through both increase in the recovery of plasminogen activator
      activity in euglobulin precipitates and direct acceleration of fibrinolysis. DH
      6322 treatment also resulted in accelerating plasma clot lysis induced by
      urokinase. The effect of DH 6322 was further studied with a purified system
      composed of bovine fibrinogen and plasminogen. In this system, DH 6322 was found
      to be a potent stimulator of both fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis induced by
      urokinase. The activation process of plasminogen was not affected by DH 6322 even
      in the presence of fibrin or fibrinogen. The accelerating effect of DH 6322 on
      fibrinolysis in the purified system was scarcely affected by addition of plasma
      antifibrinolytic factors. DH 6322 also stimulated fibrin clot lysis induced by a
      low concentration of purified plasmin in place of plasminogen and urokinase, and
      its accelerating effect was not observed in the presence of tranexamic acid.
      Formation of fibrin clot susceptible to generated plasmin was observed at
      relatively high concentrations of DH 6322 above 80 micrograms/ml. Additional
      experiments indicated that DH 6322 increased the amount of plasminogen bound to
      fibrin. These results suggested that DH 6322 stimulated fibrinolysis through
      increasing the binding of plasminogen or plasmin to fibrin.

PMID- 4035652
TI  - Precipitation of fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation products and fibrin monomer
      by histone H3.
AB  - Incubation of histone H3 with normal citrated plasma resulted in the formation of
      insoluble aggregates, as determined by turbidity measurements. The precipitate
      was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      confirming that fibrinogen was a major component. Purified fibrinogen
      precipitated rapidly as determined with turbidity experiments and experiments
      with radioiodinated protein. The amount of fibrinogen precipitation was strongly
      dependent on H3 concentration. Variation of ionic strength (0.2-0.84) and pH (5.3
      7.4), however, had little or no effect on the reaction. Fibrinogen subjected to
      gelatin-Sepharose chromatography or dialysis against 3.3M urea reacted
      equivalently with H3. Precipitation of 125I-fibrinogen by H3 was strongly favored
      by increasing temperature (4 degrees-45 degrees C). Precipitation of fibrinogen
      by protamine was maximized by decreasing the temperature. In addition, formation
      of insoluble fibrinogen-protamine aggregates was highly dependent on ionic
      strength and pH, suggesting that different types of protein-interaction are
      involved in the two studied precipitation reactions. Of the fibrinogen
      degradation products, only fragment X precipitated significantly when incubated
      with H3. Radioiodinated fibrin monomer also precipitated when incubated with H3
      in solutions of sufficient ionic strength to prevent spontaneous polymerization.
      The extent of precipitation was equivalent for fibrin monomer and fibrinogen.
      Fragment D inhibited the precipitation of fibrinogen by H3 or protamine. These
      studies indicate that the proteins termed "paracoagulants" are not all equivalent
      and that the hydrophobic domain of H3 plays a critical role in fibrinogen
      precipitation.

PMID- 4035653
TI  - [Zootechnical procedures for the prevention of paratuberculosis on cattle farms.
      I. Survey].
AB  - A questionnaire which can be used in making an inventory of zootechnic procedures
      to prevent Johne's disease on infected farms was described in the present paper.
      The most important rule in prevention by zootechnical measures is to keep the
      animals from coming into oral contact with the faeces. The background to the
      various problems were discussed in greater detail. This questionnaire will make
      possible a systematic approach to and the uniform laying down of zootechnical
      measures to prevent the transmission of Johne's disease, and may serve as a guide
      to veterinarians in preventive herd health programmes.

PMID- 4035654
TI  - [Zootechnical procedures in the prevention of paratuberculosis on cattle farms.
      II. Analysis].
AB  - The present paper is an analysis of the zootechnical procedures adopted to
      prevent further distribution of infection on twenty-seven farms on which the
      animals were affected with Johne's disease. This analysis was based on an
      extensive questionnaire. Housing was not such on any of these farms that
      spreading of the faeces among the various age groups was ruled out. The designers
      failed to take the veterinary aspects into account in construction and
      arrangement of the shelters. The transmission of Johne's disease was possibly
      promoted by furnishing the shelters with a scraper system to remove the dung,
      which system also reached the compartment housing young cattle. Preventive
      procedures in the field of management were not carried out consistently on any of
      these farms. This was promoted by inadequate advice to stock farmers. These facts
      should be taken into account in the control of Johne's disease, as part of the
      preventive measures cannot be directly influenced by livestock farmers in these
      conditions.

PMID- 4035655
TI  - [Inclusion hepatitis in 'young' pigeons].

PMID- 4035656
TI  - [A case of aldicarb poisoning in cattle].
AB  - Six cows fell ill and two died following the spilling of an amount of the
      pesticide Temik on a pasture. Chemical analyses for aldicarb, the active
      principle of Temik, in the rumen of a dead animal, showed that a lethal dose of
      aldicarb was present. Examination for residues resulted in the decision to regard
      meat and organs as unfit human consumption. From the point of view of prevention
      of general risks, the milk produced on the day on which the accident was
      recorded, as well as that produced during the following six days had to be
      destroyed.

PMID- 4035657
TI  - [Screening for hearing disorders. Current status and bottlenecks].
AB  - In The Netherlands a nation-wide screening program on hearing for infants is
      available. This program started around the late sixties and is now incorporated
      in the Health Care System and added to the tasks of the Well Baby Clinics. A
      modification of the method as developed by the Ewings is used. This method is
      relatively easy to learn. It is, however, essential that it is executed
      accurately and with a maximum of care. Therefore the testing itself as well as
      the assessment of the results is strictly standardized and a lot of attention is
      given to the training program. The Dutch Foundation for the Deaf and Hearing
      Impaired Child co-ordinates the screening program. About 75% of the 9 months old
      babies are screened and some 5% of the children has to be referred. The Ewing
      test has proved to be effective. It detects both severe and moderate sensory
      neural hearing-losses as well as conductive hearing-losses. However, the program
      faces us with a few difficulties: the structure is effective, though time
      consuming; the referral-procedure is not always satisfactory. Due to different
      factors, some groups of children, sometimes at risk, are not covered by the
      screening program or any other program.

PMID- 4035658
TI  - [Early diagnosis of vision disorders].
AB  - In recent years some pilot-studies were performed at health centres in Amsterdam,
      on infants of 8-9 months of age, concerning early detection of visual disorders.
      The method consisted of a programme of corneal light reflexes, cover test,
      monocular following movements and inspection of the cornea, the pupil and the
      pupillary reaction. The aim of the studies was: 1. Is this programme efficient
      for early detection of organic eye disorders and strabismus at this age? 2. Is
      the method reliable, if performed by doctors of the health centres? The results
      of the studies were positive. In at least 1,9% of the 1200 children of the pilot
      study a visual disorder was detected. The method can be incorporated in the
      regular working scheme of the health centres and can be performed on infants from
      the age of 6 1/2 months.

PMID- 4035659
TI  - [The medical record in Child Health Services].
AB  - The main objective of youth health care is to promote health as well as
      development in interaction with environmental factors (material and immaterial).
      Therefore it has a longitudinal character; medical registration ought to be in
      accordance with this. In this paper a number of examples is given of how youth
      health care has given shape to a longitudinal design of medical records in the
      last ten years.

PMID- 4035660
TI  - [Preventive screening in Child Health Services].
AB  - Early detection in the framework of secondary prevention is an important task,
      although not the only one, of youth health care, 'the preventive and socio
      medical complement of curative medicine'. The primary aim of youth health care is
      'promoting and protecting health, growth and development of children and youths'.
      Periodic health examinations (PHE'S) are an effective and efficient mean to this
      end. Like all medical consultations PHE is characterised by the integration of
      its two components: the analysis which focuses on the individual child and its
      environment (history and physical examination) and the synthesis (general health
      education and specific counseling). Moreover PHE provides the basis for
      epidemiological research, collective health education and policy-planning.
      Complementary examination of a child, usually less extensive than PHE, is
      executed on the basis of an individual indication. For practical reasons groups
      of children may be examined in screening-programs. It is preferable to
      incorporate screening results in the total medical assessment, which is the
      result of a series of individual PHE'S. Fractionated and isolated screening
      programs are not in accordance with the intrinsic value of youth health care.
      Therefore an integral approach of the child and its environment demands the
      maximum incorporation into the PHE of systematic and standardized methods of
      examination. The concept of the 'group at risk' threatens to supplant the search
      for the 'child at risk'. Collective health education programs are supplementary
      to individual counseling and health education, but cannot replace the
      latter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4035661
TI  - [Screening for congenital hypothyroidism].
AB  - In the Netherlands nation-wide screening for CH began in January 1981. The aim of
      the combined T4-TSH screening method is to detect all forms of CH, primary as
      well as secondary and tertiary. More than 99% of the newborns are screened. The
      rate of false-positives in premature infants was reduced in June 1982 by a change
      of the indications for follow-up. Further study is performed on T4 values of
      premature infants. The information, given to the parents in case of recall, is
      not optimal yet. Although there is still delay in screening and follow-up, the
      initiation of treatment is considerably advanced. The effect of earlier treatment
      on development will be assessed by Prof. Dr. A. F. Kalverboer. Very likely, the
      early treatment will lead to a considerable reduction of damage to the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 4035662
TI  - [Screening for congenital hip dysplasia in well-child clinics for infants.
      Current status].
AB  - The importance of early detection of congenital dysplasia of the hip (CDH) as
      well as the examination procedure to be followed is described. In 1984 a
      retrospective study was carried out among 38 physicians at well-baby clinics in
      the city and province of Groningen to investigate their method of examination and
      reasons for referral to the general practitioner for further investigation. CDH
      was proven in 86 of the 597 referred children (14.4%); this represents 2.7% of
      the total group of children examined at the clinics. A survey carried out in 1976
      showed this number to be 41 of 251 referrals (16.4%) and 3.9% of the total
      examined group. In 1976 as well as in 1984 proven CDH was most positively
      correlated with positive signs at physical examination. A positive family history
      was the most frequent reason for referral, but was poorly correlated with proven
      CDH. The physicians at the well-baby clinics encountered the following problems:
      1. Delay of treatment resulting from referral to a specialist other than the
      orthopaedic surgeon. 2. Incomplete registration of the total number of infants in
      care at several well-baby clinics. 3. The decision whether or not to refer a baby
      in case of minor physical abnormalities and/or a weak positive family history.
      Finally, recommendations are given for CDH-examinations at well-baby clinics and
      a suggestion is given for a nation-wide incidence study.

PMID- 4035663
TI  - Microsomal cytochrome P-450 "handprints": five fractions from anion-exchange high
      pressure liquid chromatography provide a rapid preliminary screen for selectivity
      in the induction and destruction of rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 subpopulations.
AB  - Anion-exchange HPLC was used to monitor changes in rat hepatic cytochrome P-450
      fractions resulting from animal exposure to several inducing and hepatotoxic
      agents. The column eluant was divided into five fractions and the cytochrome P
      450 content in each was determined. Induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450
      following 2,5-hexanedione and SKF 525-A pretreatment of animals showed an
      induction pattern in the five-fraction "handprint" similar to that produced by
      phenobarbital. The patterns of induction following beta-naphthoflavone,
      clofibrate, and isosafrole pretreatments were unique in comparison to each other
      and also compared to that of phenobarbital. The pattern of cytochrome P-450 loss
      after allyl alcohol was similar to that seen after cobalt chloride treatment, but
      differed from that seen following acetaminophen administration. Five-fraction
      quantitation of the eluant from anion-exchange HPLC of microsomes appears to be a
      useful technique to screen for and convey the effects of previously
      uncharacterized inducers and the effects of hepatotoxic agents or heme synthesis
      inhibitors on rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 subpopulations.

PMID- 4035664
TI  - Percutaneous absorption in man: a kinetic approach.
AB  - A biophysically based kinetic model of chemical absorption via human skin was
      developed and applied to the penetration kinetics of 12 chemicals: aspirin,
      benzoic acid, benzyl nicotinate, caffeine, chloramphenicol, colchicine,
      dinitrochlorobenzene, diethyltoluamide, malathion, methyl nicotinate,
      nitrobenzene, and salicylic acid. The pharmacokinetic model is linear and
      includes four first-order rate constants: (1) k1 describes penetrant diffusion
      through the stratum corneum; (2) k2 relates to further transport across the
      viable epidermal tissue to the cutaneous blood vessels; (3) k3 is a parameter
      which delays the partitioning of penetrant at the stratum corneum-viable tissue
      interface and, in conjunction with k2, reflects the penetrant's relative affinity
      for the stratum corneum over the viable tissue; and (4) k4 characterizes the
      elimination rate of chemical from blood to urine. Previously determined diffusion
      coefficients and molecular weight corrections were used to estimate k1 and k2; k4
      values employed were those measured experimentally. Urinary excretion rate data
      following topical administration were simulated and k3 was estimated for each
      penetrant by optimizing the fit of the model to the data points. Ratios of k3/k2
      should be related to the partition coefficients for the chemicals between stratum
      corneum and viable tissue and it was shown that these ratios agreed reasonably
      well with the corresponding octanol-water partition coefficients. This approach
      may have potential for predicting the general percutaneous absorption kinetics of
      chemicals based on recognized cutaneous biology and penetrant molecular weight
      and lipophilicity.

PMID- 4035665
TI  - Toxicity of carbon disulfide in developing rats: LD50 values and effects on the
      hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzyme system.
AB  - The 24-hr LD50 values of carbon disulfide (CS2) were estimated in 1-, 5-, 10-, 20
      , 30-, and 40-day-old rats. CS2 was least toxic to 20-day-old rats (LD50 1545
      mg/kg, ip) and most toxic to 1-day-old rats (LD50 583 mg/kg, ip). Twenty-four
      hours after administration of CS2 (375 mg/kg, ip) to 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, and
      40-day-old rats, significant inhibition of cytochrome P-450 and aniline
      hydroxylation was observed in rats of all ages studied except the 1-day-old rats.
      Following incubation of hepatic microsomes isolated from 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-,
      and 40-day-old rats with CS2, decreases in activity of the hepatic mixed-function
      oxidase enzyme system and/or concentration of cytochrome P-450 were observed when
      an NADPH-generating system was present during incubation. When hepatic microsomes
      isolated from rats of all ages studied were incubated with C35S2, 35S was
      covalently bound to microsomal protein in the presence of an NADPH-generating
      system. Also, more 35S than 14C was covalently bound to microsomal membranes
      after incubation of microsomes isolated from rats of all ages studied with C35S2
      or 14CS2 in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. The results of this
      research demonstrated the LD50 of CS2, the effects of CS2 on the hepatic mixed
      function oxidase enzyme system, and that the conversion of CS2 to a covalently
      binding sulfur-containing biotransformation product varied with age in developing
      rats.

PMID- 4035666
TI  - Dose-related effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in C57BL/6J
      and DBA/2J mice.
AB  - The dose-related effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were
      studied in B6D2F1/J (B6D), C57BL/6J (C57), and DBA/2J (DBA) mice. A 14-fold
      difference in lethality was observed in C57 and DBA mice, based upon 30-day LD50
      values of 182 and 2570 micrograms TCDD/kg body wt, respectively. The 30-day LD50
      for B6D mice was 296 micrograms TCDD/kg body wt. A progressive loss of body
      weight in all strains of mice was observed during the 30-day LD50 studies, with
      maximal weight losses of 24.7, 34.0, and 33.4% prior to death of C57, B6D, and
      DBA mice, respectively. In separate experiments, it was found that decreased feed
      consumption did not contribute to weight loss in C57 mice exposed to lethal or
      sublethal doses of TCDD until the animals were moribund. Time-course studies in
      C57 mice treated with 200 micrograms TCDD/kg body wt indicated that decreases in
      serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations and increases in hepatic
      triglyceride content occurred within 4 to 8 days of exposure, and were maximally
      altered within 17 to 21 days postexposure, concomitant with a 25% body weight
      loss. C57 mice fasted for 24 to 96 hr lost 18% of body weight and also exhibited
      alterations in glucose and lipid parameters; however, these changes were
      substantially different than the effects of TCDD exposure. In concert, these
      observations demonstrate that decreased feed consumption (hypophagia) does not
      account for weight loss and changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in TCDD
      treated C57 mice. Dose-response experiments resulted in comparable changes in
      glucose and lipid parameters when DBA mice were exposed to 10-fold higher doses
      of TCDD than C57 mice. Parallel LD50 responses and parallel changes in
      carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, at 10- to 15-fold differences in dose range,
      are indicative of a common mechanism of toxicity in TCDD-treated C57 and DBA
      mice.

PMID- 4035667
TI  - Effects of various trace metals on the binding of cadmium to rat hepatic
      metallothionein determined by the Cd/hemoglobin affinity assay.
AB  - The Cd/hemoglobin affinity assay is finding increasing use as an indicator of
      metallothionein in a variety of biological tissues. Because the assay relies on
      the ability of heat-stable proteins to bind Cd, it is important to know the
      relative affinities of different trace metals to bind to such proteins, relative
      to Cd. This study examines the ability of 15 trace metals to prevent the binding
      of Cd to metallothionein using the Cd/hemoglobin affinity assay for
      metallothionein. Cd, Cu, Hg, and Ag were the only metals tested which
      significantly inhibited the binding of a fixed concentration (2 microM) of 109Cd
      to a crude preparation of rat hepatic metallothionein. As, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo,
      Ni, Pb, Sn, Th, and Zn had no inhibitory effect at the highest concentrations
      tested. However, As, Sn, Th, and Zn prevented the precipitation of hemoglobin at
      relatively low concentrations and, thus, could not be fully tested for inhibitory
      potency. Cu was the most potent inhibitor, producing more than 90% inhibition at
      5 microM, followed by Ag, Hg, and Cd, which produced 76, 72, and 65% inhibition
      of cadmium binding at 5 microM, respectively. These results suggest that caution
      should be taken in interpreting metallothionein concentrations obtained by the
      Cd/hemoglobin affinity assay in tissues which contain relatively a high
      concentration of Cu, Ag, or Hg, relative to that of Cd.

PMID- 4035668
TI  - Teratological assessment of five oxidative hair dyes in the rat.
AB  - The oxidative dyes, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylene sulfate, N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitro
      O-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene,
      and resorcinol, were evaluated for teratogenic potential. Dyes were administered
      by gavage to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on gestation Days 6 through 15 at doses
      ranging from 12.5 to 500 mg/kg. No overt signs of toxicity were observed during
      the treatment period. A significant reduction in mean maternal weight gain was
      noted during the treatment period at the high dose for 4,4'-diaminodiphenylene
      sulfate, N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, and 2,3
      dihydroxynaphthalene. The high dose for N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and
      resorcinol, which exceeded a 100-fold exaggeration of human exposure, did not
      produce a significant reduction in maternal weight gain. An evaluation of fetal
      external, visceral, and skeletal anomalies revealed no statistically significant
      differences between dye-treated and vehicle control groups. Administration of
      100,000 units of vitamin A, the positive control, on Day 9 of gestation resulted
      in a significant increase in abnormal fetuses.

PMID- 4035669
TI  - Effects of feeding stannous chloride on different parts of the gastrointestinal
      tract of the rat.
AB  - The effects of feeding inorganic tin on the gastrointestinal tract were examined
      in rats. Three groups of male weanling Wistar rats were fed a diet to which 0,
      250, or 500 ppm Sn2+ had been added as SnCl2. A fourth group was subjected to
      feed restriction by pair feeding with the 500-ppm group. Comparison of the data
      from the tin-fed groups with both the control and the reduced diet groups allowed
      discrimination between effects of reduced feed intake and Sn2+ effects.
      Independent of the reduced feed intake, Sn2+ affected hemoglobin concentration in
      the blood and several small intestine parameters. Total length of the small
      intestine, as well as absolute and relative weights, was increased. An increase
      was also observed in the migration of epithelial cells along the villus, as
      revealed by [3H]thymidine incorporation and autoradiography in rats fed 900 ppm
      Sn2+ for 4 weeks. Stereo-light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
      revealed the formation of ridge-like villi due to Sn2+ feeding and a decreased
      number of villi per unit surface. These data suggest that an increase in cell
      turnover in the small intestine, due to Sn2+, was responsible for these changes.

PMID- 4035670
TI  - Functional and morphologic changes in the lungs of guinea pigs exposed to freshly
      generated ultrafine zinc oxide.
AB  - Guinea pigs were exposed by nose only for 3 hr/day for 6 days to freshly formed
      zinc oxide (ZnO) particles (projected area diameter = 0.05 micron, sigma g = 2.0)
      at 5 mg/m3, the currently recommended threshold limit value (TLV). Ventilation,
      lung mechanics, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)
      in anesthetized, tracheostomized animals at 1, 24, 48, or 72 hr after the end of
      the last exposure were evaluated. At the same time intervals lung weight, lung
      fluid content, respiratory epithelial permeability to horseradish peroxidase,
      gross and microscopic appearance, and [3H]thymidine labeling of nuclei of
      bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells in other groups of animals were
      measured. Vital capacity, functional residual capacity, alveolar volume, and DLCO
      were all decreased following the last exposure and did not return to normal
      values by 72 hr. Increases in flow resistance and decreases in compliance and
      total lung capacity returned to normal by 72 hr. Lung weights were elevated due
      to inflammation involving the proximal portion of the alveolar ducts and adjacent
      alveoli. These changes were still present at 72 hr. [3H]Thymidine labeling of
      bronchiolar epithelial cell nuclei was increased for 48 hr. Respiratory
      epithelial permeability to horseradish peroxidase was not affected by the
      exposures. These results suggest that the current TLV for ZnO may not be
      adequate.

PMID- 4035671
TI  - Acetaminophen nephrotoxicity in the rat: quantitation of renal metabolic
      activation in vivo.
AB  - Renal cortical necrosis induced by acetaminophen (APAP) may be related to
      generation of reactive intermediates by two mechanisms of metabolic activation,
      direct P-450 dependent metabolic activation (P-450) or metabolic activation
      subsequent to deacetylation of APAP to p-aminophenol (PAP). Generation of
      arylating intermediates by both pathways of metabolic activation was quantified
      in cyclohexamide (HEX)-pretreated or naive rats in vivo with specifically labeled
      [14C]APAP. The association of each type of metabolic activation with APAP-induced
      nephrotoxicity was determined in Fischer 344 (F344) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats,
      strains that are susceptible and resistant to APAP-induced nephrotoxicity,
      respectively. Covalent binding of [ring-14C]APAP to renal cortex was
      approximately four times greater than [acetyl-14C]APAP in HEX-pretreated F344
      rats. In contrast, in SD rats pretreated with HEX covalent binding of [ring
      14C]APAP and [acetyl-14C]APAP in the renal cortex was not different. Furthermore,
      covalent binding of [ring-14C]APAP to renal cortical protein was approximately
      four times greater in F344 rats than in SD rats. Arylation of hepatic protein by
      either [ring-14C]APAP or [acetyl-14C]APAP was similar regardless of strain or
      pretreatment regimen. These studies demonstrated arylation of renal
      macromolecules in vivo by reactive intermediates resulting from PAP in F344 but
      not SD rats. Since F344, but not SD, rats are susceptible to APAP-induced
      nephrotoxicity, it appears the formation of arylating intermediates by PAP is a
      requisite step in APAP-induced nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4035672
TI  - Disposition and metabolism of 2,3-[14C]dichloropropene in rats after inhalation.
AB  - 2,3-Dichloropropene (2,3-DCP) is a constituent of some commercially available
      preplant soil fumigants for the control of plant parasitic nematodes. Human
      exposure potential exists during manufacture of the chemicals or during bulk
      handling activities. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the
      disposition and metabolism of 2,3-[14C]DCP in rats after inhalation. Male Fischer
      344 rats were exposed nose-only to a vapor concentration of 250 nmol 2,3
      [14C]DCP/liter air (7.5 ppm; 25 degrees C, 620 Torr) for 6 hr. Blood samples were
      taken during exposure, and urine, feces, expired air, and tissues were collected
      for up to 65 hr after exposure. Urinary excretion was the major route of
      elimination of 14C (55% of estimated absorbed 2,3-DCP). Half-time for elimination
      of 14C in urine was 9.8 +/- 0.05 hr (means +/- SE). Half-time for elimination of
      14C feces (17% of absorbed 2,3-DCP) was 12.9 +/- 0.14 hr (means +/- SE).
      Approximately 1 and 3% of the estimated absorbed 2,3-[14C]DCP were exhaled as
      either 2,3-[14C]DCP or 14CO2, respectively. Concentrations of 14C in blood
      increased during 240 min of exposure, after which no further increases in blood
      concentration of 14C were seen. 14C was widely distributed in tissues analyzed
      after a 6-hr exposure of rats to 2,3-[14C]DCP. Urinary bladder (150 nmol/g),
      nasal turbinates (125 nmol/g), kidneys (84 nmol/g), small intestine (61 nmol/g),
      and liver (35 nmol/g) were tissues with the highest concentrations of 14C
      immediately after exposure. Over 90% of the 14C in tissues analyzed was 2,3-DCP
      metabolites. Half-times for elimination of 14C from tissues examined ranged from
      3 to 11 hr. The data from this study indicate that after inhalation 2,3-DCP is
      metabolized in tissues and readily excreted.

PMID- 4035673
TI  - The origin of metallothionein in red blood cells.
AB  - The origin of metallothionein (MT) in red blood cells (RBCs) from a mouse given
      cadmium was studied in connection with RBC kinetics. Plasma Cd concentration
      rapidly decreased 3 hr following 109CdCl2 (2 mg/kg, sc) administration, whereas
      RBC Cd increased from 2 to 4 days, followed by a gradual decrease. RBC Cd was
      found to be distributed more in the high-molecular-weight fraction than in the MT
      fraction 12 hr after administration. But, thereafter, Cd increased rapidly in the
      MT fraction to show changes with time similar to Cd level in RBCs. Hepatic damage
      induced in a mouse given 21 injections of Cd, with resultant marked elevation of
      plasma MT concentrations, did not cause any change in RBC Cd concentration. MT
      was hardly transferred to RBC when a mouse RBC suspension was incubated with
      mouse hepatic MT. To examine the relationship of Cd-MT and erythropoietic
      function, mice in the normal group, the phenylhydrazine-induced anemia group
      (PH), the transfusion-induced plethora group (TR), and the erythropoietin
      administered plethora group (TR + EP) were given 109CdCl2. Three days after
      administration, Cd concentration in its RBCs and its MT fraction remarkably
      increased in the PH group, and was greatly decreased in the TR group. A
      significant increase was noted in the TR + EP group as compared with the TR
      group. These results indicate that MT in the RBCs is formed in erythroblasts.

PMID- 4035674
TI  - Development of locomotor activity of rat pups exposed to heavy metals.
AB  - Cadmium (Cd), triethyltin (TET), and trimethyltin (TMT) are heavy metals which
      are neurotoxic to developing animals. In the present experiment, preweaning
      assessment of locomotor activity was used to detect and differentiate between the
      developmental toxicity of these metals. On postnatal day (PND) 5, rat pups
      received a single injection of either Cd, TET, or TMT. A within-litter design was
      used for dosing; 1 male and 1 female pup from each litter (N = 10
      litters/compound) received either the vehicle, low, medium, or high dosage of the
      compound. Preweaning motor activity was assessed in 30-min sessions in figure
      eight mazes from PND 13 to 21. Motor activity of control animals progressively
      increased in the initial days of testing, and then both within-session and
      between-session habituation developed. A single exposure to Cd, TET, and TMT
      produced hyperactivity by the end of the preweaning period but these metals
      differed in the day of peak activity, the onset of hyperactivity, and the
      development of habituation.

PMID- 4035675
TI  - Functional and structural alterations of the rat kidney induced by the naturally
      occurring organonitrile 2S-1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3,4-epithiobutane.
AB  - The organonitriles, 2S-1-Cyano-2-hydroxy-3,4-epithiobutane (erythro and threo)
      (CHEB), isolated from the seed of Crambe abyssinica were administered by gavage
      to male Fischer-344 rats. Rats given 50 mg/kg/day were killed at 24, 48, and 72
      hr. The rats given 100 mg/kg/day were killed at 48 and 72 hr. Serum urea nitrogen
      and creatinine were increased by 48 hr and further elevated by 72 hr. Glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) of the 50 mg/kg CHEB rats was elevated at 24 hr but fell to
      subnormal values by 72 hr. The GFR of the 100-mg/kg group was decreased at 48 and
      72 hr. Urine output of the 50-mg/kg group increased continuously through 72 hr,
      while urine output of the 100-mg/kg group was increased to a lesser degree.
      Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity (nmol/hr/mg creatinine)
      was significantly elevated in both groups by 48 hr, and further increased by 72
      hr. Twenty-four hours after administration of 50 mg/kg, renal proximal tubular
      epithelial cells of some rats had fine cytoplasmic vacuolation. At 48 and 72 hr,
      necrosis and coarse vacuolation of proximal tubular epithelial cells occurred in
      both dose groups. The necrosis was most severe at the apexes of the medullary
      rays and the coarse vacuolation extended deeply toward the outer stripe of the
      outer zone of the medulla. Higher doses and/or longer times of CHEB
      administration resulted in a more extensive lesion distribution. It is concluded
      that CHEB induces nephrotoxicity in rats characterized by nonoliguric, acute
      renal failure, and morphological lesions preferentially involving the pars recta
      of the proximal tubules.

PMID- 4035676
TI  - Comparison of the severity of the chronic cardiotoxicity produced by doxorubicin
      in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
AB  - A comparison was made of the severity of chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in
      adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in genetically related
      normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Groups of SHR and WKY were given 12 weekly
      iv injections of doxorubicin at 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg. When the study was
      concluded, mean arterial pressure was 127 to 161 nm Hg in doxorubicin-treated SHR
      compared with 74 to 87 mm Hg in similarly treated WKY. Lesions, consisting mainly
      of cytoplasmic vacuolization and myofibrillar loss, were noted in the hearts from
      both types of rats given the 1.0-mg/kg dose and were considerably more severe in
      SHR than in WKY (average scores 3.8 and 2.0). Renal lesions (glomerular
      vacuolization and dilatation of tubules with accumulations of proteinaceous
      material) were of comparable severity in both types of rats at the 9- and 12
      mg/kg cumulative doses; however, they were more severe in SHR at the 6-mg/kg
      cumulative dose. Moderate cardiac alterations were present in all SHR (average
      score 1.6) given 0.5 mg doxorubicin/kg; at the same dose, lesions were minimal in
      two and absent in three WKY. In a second study, groups of rats were killed 1 week
      after 3,6,9, or 12 weekly iv injections of doxorubicin (1.0 mg/kg). Myocardial
      lesions were noted initially in SHR after six doses and in WKY after nine doses.
      Three of five SHR were dead by the 12th dose. These results indicate that
      spontaneously hypertensive rats are much more sensitive than normotensive rats to
      the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin.

PMID- 4035677
TI  - Uptake and excretion of [14C]methyl bromide as influenced by exposure
      concentration.
AB  - Methyl bromide is a widely used soil fumigant and poses potential inhalation
      hazard to workers. Uptake of methyl bromide and pathways for excretion of 14C
      were investigated in male Fischer-344 rats after nose-only inhalation of 50, 300,
      5700, or 10,400 nmol (1.6 to 310 ppm) of [14C]methyl bromide/liter of air for 6
      hr. Fractional uptake of methyl bromide decreased at the highest concentrations,
      5700 and 10400 nmol/liter, with 37 and 27% of the inhaled methyl bromide
      absorbed, respectively, compared to 48% at the lower levels. This resulted in the
      same total amount of methyl bromide being absorbed at the two higher exposure
      concentrations (650 mumol/kg body wt). Total methyl bromide adsorbed was 9 or 40
      mumol/kg body wt after exposure to 50 or 300 nmol/liter, respectively.
      Elimination of 14C was linearly related to the amount of methyl bromide absorbed
      as determined from urine, feces, expired CO2, and parent compound collected for
      66 hr after the end of exposure. Exhaled 14CO2 was the dominant route of
      excretion, with from 1.2 to 110 mumol (50% of amount absorbed) exhaled, and was
      described by a two-component negative exponential function; 85% was exhaled with
      a t 1/2 of 4 hr, and the remaining 15% was exhaled with a t 1/2 of 17 hr. The
      rate of exhalation of 14CO2 was not affected by the amount of [14C]methyl bromide
      absorbed. From 0.4 to 54 mumol was excreted in urine (20% of amount absorbed).
      The half-time for excretion of 14C in urine was approximately 10 hr, and the rate
      of excretion was not dependent on the amount of [14C]methyl bromide absorbed.
      Little 14C was exhaled as methyl bromide (less than 4% of the dose) or excreted
      in feces (less than 2%). At the end of 66 hr, 25% of the 14C absorbed remained in
      the rats. Liver, kidneys, adrenals, lungs, thymus, and turbinates
      (maxilloturbinates, ethmoturbinates, and nasal epithelial membrane) contained the
      highest concentrations of 14C. Results indicated that uptake of inhaled methyl
      bromide could be saturated. Any [14C]methyl bromide equivalents absorbed,
      however, would be excreted by concentration-independent mechanisms.

PMID- 4035678
TI  - In vitro modulation of bovine caudate muscarinic receptor number by
      organophosphates and carbamates.
AB  - In vitro binding assays to measure muscarinic receptor number and affinity were
      carried out with isolated synaptic plasma membranes from bovine caudate nuclei.
      Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon; PX), dichlorvos (DDVP), and tetraethyl
      pyrophosphate (TEPP) were demonstrated to be weak noncompetitive receptor
      inactivators. PX, DDVP, and TEPP decreased the number of [3H]quinuclidinyl
      benzilate (QNB) binding sites by 16 to 31% and exhibited no significant effect on
      the affinity of central muscarinic receptors for QNB (KD congruent to 0.3 nM).
      QNB binding was inhibited by PX at 5 nM, DDVP at 50 nM, and TEPP at 50 nM,
      concentrations with no effect on acetylcholinesterase activity. Similar
      measurements with two carbamates, physostigmine and neostigmine (1 nM), showed no
      effect of neostigmine on QNB binding, while physostigmine both decreased the
      number of receptors and enhanced their affinity for QNB. The modulation of
      muscarinic receptors by 5 nM PX was abolished by carbodiimide modification of the
      membrane preparation. It is suggested that a decrease in the number of muscarinic
      cholinergic receptors in the brain may underlie some of the neurological and
      affective disorders observed after chronic exposure of humans to organophosphate
      insecticides.

PMID- 4035679
TI  - The effects of triethyltin and trimethyltin in rats responding under a DRL
      schedule of reinforcement.
AB  - Rats were trained to respond under a schedule of reinforcement in which only
      those responses separated by a 10-to 14-sec period of no responding produced a
      feed pellet (DRL 10 to 14 sec). Each rat received a single dose of trimethyltin
      (TMT) (5.6, 7.5, or 10 mg/kg) or triethyltin (TET) 1, 3, 4.25, or 5.6 mg/kg). The
      lowest dose of TMT (5.6 mg/kg) and the lowest dose of TET (1 mg/kg) were without
      significant effect. At 7.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg TMT, the percentage of the total
      responses spaced 10 to 14 sec apart decreased over the first 8 to 12 days after
      TMT. Those rats receiving 7.5 mg/kg TMT gradually returned to control values over
      the next 2 to 3 weeks while those rats receiving 10 mg/kg never recovered. Rats
      receiving 3, 4.25, and 5.6 mg/kg TET showed a decrease in the percentage of
      reinforced responses immediately after receiving TET. The behavior of those rats
      receiving 3 mg/kg returned to control values in 24 hr. Following 4.25 mg/kg TET,
      the health of the rats deteriorated rapidly. They were kept alive through heroic
      measures, but then were killed after testing on the 12th day following TET due to
      their failing health. At 5.6 mg/kg, the rats were killed on the 4th day due to
      failing health. These results indicate that TMT and TET differ with respect to
      potency and time course. The behavioral deficits produced by TET parallel the
      time course of general toxicity while the behavioral effects of acute TMT
      administration can persist in time long after the general appearance of the rats
      has returned to normal.

PMID- 4035680
TI  - Disposition of [14C]methyl bromide in rats after inhalation.
AB  - Methyl bromide is used as a disinfectant to fumigate soil and a wide range of
      stored food commodities in warehouses and mills. Human exposure occurs during the
      manufacture and use of the chemical. The purpose of this investigation was to
      determine the disposition and metabolism of [14C]methyl bromide in rats after
      inhalation. Male Fischer-344 rats were exposed nose only to a vapor concentration
      of 337 nmol [14C]methyl bromide/liter air (9.0 ppm, 25 degrees C, 620 torr) for 6
      hr. Urine, feces, expired air, and tissues were collected for up to 65 hr after
      exposure. Elimination of 14C as 14CO2 was the major route of excretion with about
      47% (3900 nmol/rat) of the total [14C]methyl bromide absorbed excreted by this
      route. CO2 excretion exhibited a biphasic elimination pattern with 85% of the
      14CO2 being excreted with a half-time of 3.9 +/- 0.1 hr (means +/- SE) and 15%
      excreted with a half-time of 11.4 +/- 0.2 hr. Half-times for elimination of 14C
      in urine and feces were 9.6 +/- 0.1 and 16.1 +/- 0.1 hr, respectively. By 65 hr
      after exposure, about 75% of the initial radioactivity had been excreted with 25%
      remaining in the body. Radioactivity was widely distributed in tissues
      immediately following exposure with lung (250 nmol equivalents/g), adrenal (240
      nmol equivalents/g), kidney (180 nmol equivalents/g), liver (130 nmol
      equivalents/g), and nasal turbinates (110 nmol equivalents/g) containing the
      highest concentrations of 14C. Radioactivity in livers immediately after exposure
      accounted for about 17% of the absorbed methyl bromide. Radioactivity in all
      other tissues examined accounted for about 10% of the absorbed methyl bromide.
      Elimination half-times of 14C from tissues were on the order of 1.5 to 8 hr. In
      all tissues examined, over 90% of the 14C in the tissues was methyl bromide
      metabolites. The data from this study indicate that after inhalation methyl
      bromide is rapidly metabolized in tissues and readily excreted.

PMID- 4035681
TI  - Performance and exposure indices of rats exposed to low concentrations of lead.
AB  - To further characterize the lower end of the function relating lead exposure and
      biological exposure indices to behavior, male weanling rats were exposed
      chronically to drinking solutions containing 25 ppm sodium acetate (controls) or
      25 ppm lead acetate. Behavioral training began when the animals reached 50 days
      of age, and performance on a fixed-interval 1-min schedule of food reinforcement
      was then assessed over 90 experimental sessions (136 days). This exposure
      produced overall response rate increases over the first 40 sessions that were
      similar to those observed previously with higher concentrations of lead. Response
      rates of the two groups tended to merge subsequently. The increased overall
      response rates in the treated group derived primarily from an increased frequency
      of shorter interresponse times (IRTs) and increased running rates (calculated
      without the postreinforcement interval). Blood lead (PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin
      (ZPP) values were determined following sessions 30, 60, and 90. PbB values of the
      lead-exposed group averaged 15 to 20 micrograms/dl throughout the study; ZPP did
      not differ. The mean brain lead value of the treated group was 0.07 micrograms
      Pb/g. Blood-brain ratios (1.38 to 4.06) were substantially greater than those
      previously observed at higher exposures. These data extend to even lower
      exposures, and lower blood lead concentrations, the effective concentration for
      behavioral effects, and further emphasize the importance of the sensitivity of
      the endpoint in assessing behavioral toxicity.

PMID- 4035682
TI  - Role of 3,5-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfone, a metabolite of m-dichlorobenzene, in
      the induction of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes by m
      dichlorobenzene in rats.
AB  - The increases in the hepatic microsomal aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and in
      the content of cytochrome P-450 produced by m-dichlorobenzene (m-DCB) occurred
      after increases in the hepatic concentration of 3,5-dichlorophenyl methyl
      sulfone, a minor metabolite. The extent of increases in aminopyrine N-demethylase
      activity and in the content of cytochrome P-450 at 48 hr after po administration
      of 200 mg/kg (1.36 mmol/kg) of m-DCB was almost equal to that 72 hr after the ip
      administration of 25 mumol/kg of the sulfone (Kimura et al., 1983). m-DCB in
      liver was not detectable at that time, and the concentration of sulfone was 63 to
      70% of that 48 to 72 hr after the ip administration of 50 mumol/kg of sulfone.
      Administration of m-DCB (200 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in
      hexobarbital sleeping time, but this reduction was less than that produced by
      administration of the sulfone (50 mumol/kg). The protein band patterns by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the microsomes from rats
      treated with the sulfone and m-DCB were similar to those of phenobarbital-treated
      rats but were different from those of 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats. The
      sulfone showed type I interaction with the cytochrome P-450 (Ks, 0.17 mM). The
      sulfone was formed from the sulfide but reduction of the sulfone was not observed
      when it was incubated in a hepatic microsomal preparation. The pattern of
      induction by the sulfone and m-DCB was similar to that by phenobarbital and
      differed from that by 3-methylcholanthrene. From these results, 3,5
      dichlorophenyl methyl sulfone is considered to be a major contributing factor of
      the inducing activity of m-DCB and to be a potent phenobarbital-like inducer.

PMID- 4035683
TI  - The half-lives of alkylating intermediates from diethylnitrosamine and N
      nitrosopyrrolidine: a method for the measurement of metabolically generated
      reactive species.
AB  - The half-times of the alpha-hydroxylated intermediates formed during metabolism
      of diethylnitrosamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine have been determined. The method
      for determining half-times involved in vitro enzymatic conversion of the
      nitrosamine to a hydroxylated intermediate followed by trapping of the alkylating
      species generated from the chemical decomposition of the intermediate as it
      flowed through a column containing bound nucleophile. Half-times of less than 1
      min at pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, were calculated from the distribution of alkylation
      on the column and the known flow rate of metabolic intermediates through the
      column. The half-times may be short enough to significantly limit organ
      distribution.

PMID- 4035684
TI  - Biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural changes in rat and mouse liver
      following the administration of trichloroethylene: possible relevance to species
      differences in hepatocarcinogenicity.
AB  - Trichloroethylene (TRI), administered by gavage for 10 consecutive days, at doses
      of 500 to 1500 mg/kg body wt increased liver weight (175% of control), decreased
      hepatic DNA concentration (66% of control), and increased the synthesis of DNA
      (500% of control; as measured by [3H]dT incorporation) in B6C3F1 mice and
      Alderley Park mice. Similar treatment of Osborne-Mendel rats or Alderley Park
      rats resulted in smaller increases in liver weight (130% of control) and
      decreases in DNA concentration (83% of control). No effect of TRI on DNA
      synthesis was seen in rats. The increased DNA synthesis in the mouse was not
      apparently due to regenerative hyperplasia since no signs of necrosis were seen.
      Furthermore the increased [3H]dT incorporation probably represented
      semiconservative replication of DNA and not repair, since a parallel increase of
      mitotic figures was observed. Hence, the liver growth noted after TRI
      administration appears to be due to liver cell enlargement (hypertrophy) in the
      rat, but both hypertrophy and hyperplasia (cell proliferation) in the mouse. An
      important observation has been that TRI induced the peroxisomal enzyme
      activities, catalase, and cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidation (147 and
      786% of control, respectively), in mice but not in rats. Furthermore, increases
      in peroxisome volume density (up to 1110% of control) were observed in mice
      receiving TRI. These observations lead us to suggest that the species difference
      in hepatocarcinogenicity of TRI, seen between the rat and mouse, is possibly due
      to a species difference in peroxisome proliferation and cell proliferation, the
      peroxisome proliferation leading to increased reactive oxygen species and DNA
      damage, and the cell proliferation then acting to promote this lesion.

PMID- 4035686
TI  - Species differences in response to trichloroethylene. I. Pharmacokinetics in rats
      and mice.
AB  - The elimination of radioactivity in two strains of rats and mice following a
      single po dose of trichloro[14C]ethylene at dose levels from 10 to 2000 mg/kg has
      shown a marked dose dependence in rats but not in mice. The metabolism of
      trichloroethylene in the mouse was linear over the range of doses used, whereas
      in the rat it became constant and independent of dose at 1000 mg/kg and above. At
      the 10-mg/kg dosage, both species metabolized trichloroethylene almost
      completely, 60% of the dose being excreted in urine with only 1 to 4% being
      eliminated unchanged in expired air in the first 24 hr. At 2000 mg/kg, 78% of the
      dose was eliminated unchanged in the rat, but only 14% in the mouse. Consequently
      at high dosages, the mouse was exposed to significantly higher concentrations of
      trichloroethylene metabolites than the rat. Blood level kinetics of
      trichloroethylene and its metabolites confirmed a faster rate of metabolism in
      the mouse than in the rat. Peak concentrations of the metabolites were reached
      within 2 hr of dosing in the mouse compared to 10 to 12 hr in the rat. The
      concentrations of both trichloroethanol (4X) and trichloroacetic acid (7X) were
      significantly higher in the mouse than in the rat. Whereas trichloroethanol was
      rapidly eliminated from blood, the higher concentrations of trichloroacetic acid
      were maintained for over 30 hr. The high blood quantities of trichloroethylene
      derived trichloroacetic acid are known to induce hepatic peroxisome proliferation
      in mice but are insufficient to induce this response in rats. These data suggest
      that trichloroacetic acid blood amounts, peroxisome proliferation, and the link
      between peroxisomes and liver cancer are the basis of species difference in
      response to trichloroethylene.

PMID- 4035685
TI  - Cutaneous and auditory function in rats following methyl mercury poisoning.
AB  - Rats were given a total dose of 50 mg/kg (Exp. 1), 13.3 or 40 mg/kg (Exp. 2), or
      40 mg/kg (Exp. 3) of methyl mercury chloride subcutaneously over a course of 5
      days. At varying times after the toxic exposure, up to 1 year, their sensory
      functioning was assessed by reflex modulation methods: stimuli of interest were
      presented just before an intense tone which elicited the startle reflex, and
      stimulus reception was measured by the inhibitory control of the stimuli over the
      amplitude of the reflex. In Experiment 1 cutaneous prestimuli (electric shock to
      the tail) and brief acoustic transients (silent periods in noise) were less
      effective inhibitors of reflex activity in poisoned animals, compared to
      controls, indicating that the poisoned animals had impairments in cutaneous
      sensitivity and audition. In Experiment 2 the time course of sensory loss and
      subsequent recovery was studied. Impaired auditory function was shown further by
      a deficit in the effectiveness of weak noise pulses, and, in addition, the
      cutaneous deficit for weak tail shocks was accompanied by an exaggerated or
      hyperpathic response to more intense tail shocks. Experiment 3 confirmed the
      finding that the loss of sensitivity to weak shock was accompanied by an
      enhancement of the response to more intense shock. These data were related to
      peripheral neuropathy and shown to be analogous to certain clinical symptoms of
      Minamata disease reported in humans.

PMID- 4035687
TI  - Toxicologic and antitumor studies on 5-hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine.
AB  - Toxic effects of 5-hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine (HMUdR) were studied in white Swiss
      mice. Pathological, hematological, and clinical chemistry parameters were
      examined. Systemic toxicity was not observed in mice after ip administration of
      HMUdR in single doses up to 2000 mg/kg. Mice administered HMUdR daily for 15 days
      at 200 mg/kg, ip, manifested loss of weight, rough hair coat, diarrhea, swollen
      abdomens, weakness, lethargy, and a 20% mortality rate. Hematological and
      clinical chemistry parameters of all mice receiving HMUdR were within normal
      limits. At necropsy, all organs were grossly normal but microscopic examination
      of tissues of treated mice revealed the presence of shortened, thickened villi in
      the small intestine, nuclear vacuolation and necrosis of intestinal crypt
      epithelial cells, and some cytoplasmic vacuolation causing nuclear margination in
      hepatocytes. All histological lesions were reversible with cessation of
      treatment. HMUdR was active against murine L1210 and L5178Y leukemias in cell
      culture. The concentrations required to inhibit cell growth 50% compared to
      untreated cells was 2 and 4 microM, respectively. When HMUdR was administered ip
      at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg in five daily doses to mice implanted with L1210 cells,
      life spans increased 20, 30, or 33% over placebo-treated controls.

PMID- 4035688
TI  - Membrane effects of various drugs on isolated rat hepatocytes and erythrocytes.
AB  - The relationship between hepatotoxicity and membrane effects of clinically used
      drugs on erythrocytes was investigated. The cytotoxicity of various drugs to
      isolated rat hepatocytes was determined by the leakage of glutamic oxalacetic
      transaminase (GOT) and ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) into the surrounding
      medium. Inhibition of hypotonic hemolysis of rat erythrocytes was measured as the
      hemoglobin concentration in the supernatant solution. Drugs such as tricyclic
      antidepressants, local anesthetics (dibucaine), and bile acids (chenodeoxycholic
      acid), which have both a membrane stabilizing effect on erythrocytes at low
      concentrations and a hemolytic effect at higher concentrations, induced enzyme
      leakage from hepatocytes. The concentration at which hemolysis occurred
      corresponded to the concentration which caused a marked enzyme leakage from
      hepatocytes. These phenomena were observed for alkyltrimethylammonium salts (C10
      to C16), the order of cytotoxicity to hepatocytes and erythrocytes was C16
      greater than C14 greater than C12 greater than C10. Marked enzyme leakage was
      observed for chenodeoxycholic acid at 1 X 10(-3) M but not for ursodeoxycholic
      acid. The order of membrane stabilizing and lytic potency of tricyclic
      antidepressants was chlorimipramine greater than amitriptyline greater than
      desipramine greater than imipramine. These results suggest that these membrane
      effects of various drugs on erythrocytes may be useful for screening for
      hepatocytotoxicity in vitro.

PMID- 4035689
TI  - The role of metabolism in 2-methoxyethanol-induced testicular toxicity.
AB  - The role of metabolism in 2-methoxyethanol (ME)-induced testicular toxicity has
      been investigated with Sprague-Dawley rats. Following administration of [14C]ME
      (250 mg/kg, ip) to a group of animals, there was evidence of testicular damage,
      identified as depletion of the spermatocyte population. Radioactivity detected in
      urine over 48 hr after treatment accounted for 55% of the dose. The major urinary
      metabolites were identified by HPLC and isotope dilution analysis, as
      methoxyacetic acid (MAA) and methoxyacetylglycine (accounting for 50 to 60% and
      18 to 25%, respectively, of urinary radioactivity). Analysis of plasma revealed a
      rapid conversion of ME to MAA (t1/2 for disappearance of ME = 0.6 +/- 0.03 hr)
      and gradual clearance of radioactivity (t1/2 = 19.7 +/- 2.3 hr). Pretreatment of
      animals with pyrazole (400 mg/kg, ip) 1 hr prior to [14C]ME dosing gave complete
      protection against the testicular toxicity of ME. Radioactivity detected in the
      urine from the pyrazole-pretreated groups over 48 hr (18%) was significantly
      lower than in the ME-only group. The major radioactive peak co-chromatographed
      with ME (30 to 36% of the total urinary radioactivity). MAA and
      methoxyacetylglycine were not major metabolites. Analysis of plasma revealed
      almost complete inhibition of the conversion of ME to MAA (t1/2 for disappearance
      of ME = 42.6 +/- 5.6 hr, clearance of radioactivity t1/2 = 51.0 +/- 7.8 hr). The
      results demonstrate that metabolic activation is required for 2-methoxyethanol to
      exert toxicity to the male reproductive system.

PMID- 4035690
TI  - Studies on the toxicity of some glycol ethers and alkoxyacetic acids in primary
      testicular cell cultures.
AB  - Primary mixed cultures of Sertoli and germ cells were prepared from testes of
      immature rats and their response to the known testicular toxicants ethylene
      glycol monomethyl ether (EGM) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGE) was
      studied. Neither EGM nor EGE produced any morphological evidence of toxicity when
      added to the culture medium at up to 50 mM for 72 hr. In contrast, their
      metabolites methoxyacetic acid (MAA) and ethoxyacetic acid (EAA) at 2 to 10 mM
      for 24 to 72 hr caused degeneration of the pachytene and dividing spermatocytes,
      the target cells of the parent ethers in vivo. As in vivo, earlier spermatocytes,
      spermatogonia, and Sertoli cells appeared unaffected. EAA was less potent than
      MAA whereas n-propoxy- and n-butoxyacetic acid, and methoxyacetylglycine, a
      further metabolite of MAA, produced no morphological changes under these
      conditions. The same order of toxicity was observed in concurrent studies with
      the four acids in rats. In culture, the severity of the morphological changes was
      paralleled by decreases in the activity of carnitine acetyltransferase and
      lactate dehydrogenase-X in the attached germ cell fraction. Analysis of culture
      medium provided no evidence for the conversion of EGM to MAA or other metabolites
      or for the further metabolism of MAA. The close correspondence between the
      testicular toxicity of alkoxyacetic acids in culture and in vivo suggests a
      similar mode of action in both cases and points to the potential value of these
      cultures for mechanistic studies and for screening purposes. The results also
      emphasize the role of metabolism in the testicular toxicity of glycol ethers and
      indicate that MAA is an active metabolite of EGM.

PMID- 4035691
TI  - Relationship between the pharmacological effects and the biodisposition of
      [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate in mice after inhalation.
AB  - The biodisposition of [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and its metabolites
      was studied in mice after inhalation administration. In addition, the time course
      of DFP-induced cholinesterase inhibition in selected tissues, hypothermia, and
      motor coordination were studied to determine a possible correlation with [3H]DFP,
      or its metabolites. The time course of tissue concentrations of [3H]DFP showed
      that [3H]DFP rapidly penetrated all tissues and was quickly hydrolyzed to
      [3H]diisopropylphosphoric acid (free [3H]DIP) or was covalently bound to tissue
      (bound [3H]DIP). By 1 hr, the greater portion of the radioactivity was in the
      form of bound [3H]DIP. Cholinesterase inhibition in brain, lung, diaphragm, and
      plasma was temporally related to concentrations of bound [3H]DIP between 5 min
      and 1 day, except at early time points for the lung. Motor incoordination
      (rotarod test) produced by DFP exposure had a rapid onset, with complete recovery
      by 10 hr. DFP-induced hypothermia (rectal temperature) had a very similar time
      course profile to that of motor incoordination. The time course of hypothermia
      and motor incoordination was correlated with neither free [3H]DFP nor bound
      [3H]DIP concentrations in the brain, nor with cholinesterase inhibition in brain.
      These findings suggest that non-cholinesterase bound [3H]DIP may contribute to
      the depression of these centrally mediated effects.

PMID- 4035692
TI  - Resistance to cadmium-induced necrosis in testes of inbred mice: possible role of
      a metallothionein-like cadmium-binding protein.
AB  - Altered accumulation and subcellular disposition of testicular Cd were examined
      as possible explanations for the resistance to Cd-induced testicular damage
      observed in certain inbred strains of mice. Mouse strains susceptible (129/J) or
      resistant (A/J) to Cd-induced testicular necrosis were injected iv with 10 or 45
      mumol CdCl2/kg, respectively. This dosing regimen compensated for decreased Cd
      accumulation by A/J testes and established similar concentrations of Cd in testes
      of both strains (approximately 4 nmol Cd/g tissue). Twenty-four hours later,
      129/J testes showed marked interstitial hemorrhage and seminiferous tubule
      necrosis, while A/J testes showed no microscopic evidence of damage. Two hours
      postinjection, no histopathologic changes were detected in testes of either
      strain; however, A/J testes had 15% more Cd associated with the cystosol than
      129/J testes, and three times more Cd bound to a 14,500 MW cytosolic protein
      which had gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography properties in common
      with metallothionein (MT). Therefore, resistance of A/J testes to Cd does not
      appear to be determined solely by decreased Cd accumulation, but is associated
      with increased binding of testicular Cd to a MT-like protein. However, this
      increase is not accompanied by a proportional increase in the total Cd-binding
      capacity of the MT-like protein in A/J testes compared to 129/J testes.

PMID- 4035693
TI  - Comparison of methods of metallothionein quantification: cadmium radioassay,
      mercury radioassay, and radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A comparison of the Hg radioassay (i.e. "Piotrowski" assay), the Cd radioassay
      (i.e. "cadmium-hemolysate" assay), and the radioimmunoassay (RIA) for
      metallothionein (MT) was performed for livers from control, Cd-, and Zn
      pretreated rats. Results indicate that the Cd and Hg radioassays gave similar
      results in all cases. The RIA values compared very favorably to those obtained by
      the metal saturation assays for livers from control rats. The values obtained for
      livers from Cd- or Zn-treated animals were generally lower in the RIA than in the
      Hg or Cd radioassay, ranging from 36 to 75% of the metal saturation assays. The
      source of this discrepancy cannot be discerned from the present data. However,
      the various assay systems employed did yield MT concentrations that followed
      similar intraassay patterns, being lowest in control, elevated to an intermediate
      level with Cd treatment, and highest following Zn treatment.

PMID- 4035694
TI  - Effect of ozone on serum lipids and lipoproteins in the rat.
AB  - Exposure of male rats to 0 (air), 1, 1.75, and 3 ppm ozone (O3) 5 hr/day for a
      total of 10 days resulted in a positive linear relationship between ozone
      concentration and the concentrations of serum total lipoprotein free cholesterol
      (FCh) and high-density lipoprotein total cholesterol (HDL-Ch). The latter
      response was reflected in both its free (HDL-FCh) and esterified (HDL-ChE)
      components. On the other hand, serum triglycerides (TG) showed a marked
      decreasing linear trend with increasing ozone concentration. As judged by
      decreased body weights with no accompanying differences in feed consumption,
      apparent metabolic rate increased as ozone concentration increased. In another
      experiment, male rats were exposed 5 hr/day to either air or 1 ppm O3 for a total
      of 15 days. Groups of animals from each exposure were sampled at times ranging
      from immediately after to 44 hr postexposure. In agreement with the concentration
      response study, effects of O3 included increases in serum total cholesterol (Ch),
      HDL-Ch and HDL-FCh, and a decrease in TG. In addition, the degree of effects
      appeared to be maintained over the 44-hr period and to be greater than that
      observed at 1 ppm O3 in the concentration-response study.

PMID- 4035695
TI  - Fate and distribution of 3H-labeled T-2 mycotoxin in guinea pigs.
AB  - T-2 toxin is a potent cytotoxic metabolite produced by the Fusarium species. The
      fate and distribution of 3H-labeled T-2 toxin were examined in male guinea pigs.
      Radioactivity was detected in all body tissues within 30 min after an im
      injection of an LD50 dose (1.04 mg/kg) of T-2 toxin. The plasma concentration of
      trichothecene molar equivalents versus time was multiphasic, with an initial
      absorption half-life equal to or less than 30 min. Bile contained a large amount
      of radioactivity which was identified as HT-2, 4-deacetylneosolaniol, 3'-hydroxy
      HT-2, 3'-hydroxy T-2 triol, and several more-polar unknowns. These T-2
      metabolites are excreted from liver via bile into the intestine. Within 5 days,
      75% of the total radioactivity was excreted in urine and feces at a ratio of 4 to
      1. The appearance of radioactivity in the excreta was biphasic. Metabolic
      derivatives of T-2 excreted in urine were T-2 tetraol, 4-deacetylneosolaniol, 3'
      hydroxy HT-2, and several unknowns. These studies showed a rapid appearance in
      and subsequent loss of radioactivity from tissues and body fluids. Only 0.01% of
      the total administered radioactivity was still detectable in tissues at 28 days.
      The distribution patterns and excretion rates suggest that liver and kidney are
      the principal organs of detoxication and excretion of T-2 toxin and its
      metabolites.

PMID- 4035696
TI  - Relationship between the biodisposition of [3H]soman and its pharmacological
      effects in mice.
AB  - The iv administration of soman (25 micrograms/kg) resulted in inhibition of
      cholinesterase activity in plasma, brain, and diaphragm, as well as depression of
      spontaneous activity and rectal temperature in mice. The motor activity and
      rectal temperature of these animals had returned to control levels within 24 hr,
      but cholinesterase activity was not fully recovered after 3 days. Following iv
      administration of [3H]soman (25 micrograms/kg), only trace quantities of
      [3H]soman were found in all tissues as early as 1 min after injection. Almost
      half of the injected material was present in the form of free
      [3H]pinacolylmethylphosphoric acid (PMPA) within 1 min of injection of [3H]soman.
      The concentrations of [3H]PMPA fell by more than 50% by 1 hr. High concentrations
      of covalently bound [3H]PMPA were present in all tissues immediately after
      [3H]soman treatment, particularly in lungs, heart, and kidneys. These
      concentrations declined slowly and after 8 hr, the quantities of bound [3H]PMPA
      in most tissues had fallen by less than 50%. The radioactivity in brain was
      identified as bound and free [3H]PMPA, nonextractable radioactivity (presumably
      [3H]methylphosphonic acid), and only traces of [3H]soman. It appears that
      phosphorylation of cholinesterase in the central nervous system is not solely
      responsible for depression of motor activity and rectal temperature.

PMID- 4035697
TI  - A method for generating toxic vapors of soman: toxicity of soman by inhalation in
      rats.
AB  - A method for administration of highly toxic chemicals by inhalation was
      developed. The model has three features of special interest: (1) a diffusion cell
      for producing a constant gas concentration, if necessary for several hours and
      days, (2) a small rapidly equilibrated inhalation chamber (1100 ml), and (3)
      complete isolation of the toxic chemicals from the atmosphere. The LCt50 of the
      anticholinesterase soman [o-(1,2,2 trimethylpropyl)-methyl-phosphonofluoridate]
      was 400 mg min/m3, registered 24 hr after the end of exposure. The lethal
      concentration X time of soman was 520 +/- 60 mg min/m3 when exposing the animals
      until death in the inhalation chamber. The exposure was less than 30 min and the
      concentration of soman was 21 mg/m3. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase,
      cholinesterase, and carboxylesterase activities in different tissues was analyzed
      to study the possible barrier mechanisms that might exist in the body to soman.
      There was a large inhibition of the carboxylesterase and cholinesterase
      activities in bronchi and lungs as well as in blood. Carboxylesterases were
      important as detoxifying enzymes, as shown by 70% enhancement in toxicity of
      soman following sc pretreatment with TOCP (tri-ortho-cresyl-phosphate), a
      carboxylesterase inhibitor.

PMID- 4035698
TI  - Evaluation of host resistance and immune function in cadmium-exposed mice.
AB  - Adult female B6C3F1 mice received distilled water only or water containing 10,
      50, or 250 ppm of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 90 days. Body weights were
      measured weekly. On selected days during exposure and on Day 91, Cd tissue
      concentrations were measured along with changes in primary antibody responses. On
      Day 91 mice also received a primary challenge with various infectious agents. T-
      and B-cell mitogenesis, natural killer (NK) cell function, delayed type
      hypersensitivity (DTH) as well as macrophage bactericidal activity, and
      phagocytosis were measured. There was no change in body weight gain, organ
      weights, or in humoral immunity during treatment even though cadmium had
      accumulated in significant quantities in the tissues. Compared with controls,
      exposure to cadmium had no statistically significant effect on mortality and mean
      survival time following primary or secondary challenge with any of the infectious
      agents. However, there was a dose-related, increased susceptibility to Herpes
      simplex type 2 virus. T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation was significantly
      reduced, and macrophage phagocytosis was significantly increased following
      cadmium exposure. NK cell activity was augmented, but not significantly.
      Macrophage bactericidal activity and DTH were not significantly altered.

PMID- 4035699
TI  - The effects of methyl mercury binding to microtubules.
AB  - The effects of methyl mercury hydroxide (MeHg) on the in vitro polymerization and
      depolymerization of microtubules were studied. Polymerization was totally
      inhibited at 3.0 X 10(-5) M MeHg and depolymerization occurred at concentrations
      above 1.0 X 10(-5) M MeHg, reaching a maximal rate of -0.33%/min at 5.0 X 10(-5)
      M MeHg. At or above 1.0 X 10(-4) M MeHg, a mercury-protein aggregate formed in
      both the polymerization and depolymerization systems. Fifteen free sulfhydryl
      groups per tubulin dimer were determined, and MeHg bound to all 15. When MeHg
      bound to only 2 free sulfhydryl groups per dimer, it inhibited polymerization.
      MeHg bound to free sulfhydryl groups exposed uniquely on the surface of
      microtubules, as well as those free sulfhydryl groups exposed on the ends. These
      results show MeHg in vitro to be a potent microtubule assembly inhibitor at
      ratios stoichiometric with the tubulin dimer. The effects of MeHg on microtubules
      are presumably mediated through MeHg binding to free sulfhydryl groups both on
      the ends and on the surface of microtubules. The presence of binding sites (free
      sulfhydryl groups) on the microtubule surface suggests multiple classes of
      binding sites for MeHg.

PMID- 4035701
TI  - Acrylamide preferentially affects slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors.
AB  - Acrylamide (ACR) is a vinyl monomer which produces a distal axonopathy. Several
      investigators have shown that ACR produces deficits in proprioception. This
      deficit appears to result in part from altered muscle spindle function. ACR also
      produces deficits in cutaneous sensory perception. The purpose of these
      experiments was to determine whether ACR alters cutaneous sensory receptors. Cats
      were administered ACR (30 mg/kg) for either 3, 5, or 10 days. Following the last
      injection, the tibial nerve was isolated and four different mechanoreceptor types
      were isolated. These were field, rapid adapting (RA), and slowly adapting type 1
      and type 2. The frequency response of the slowly adapting receptors was normal.
      However, the number of slowly adapting receptors identified was significantly
      reduced in all three ACR-treated groups. There was also a decrease in the number
      of field receptors after 10 day ACR administration. The total number of receptors
      per tibial nerve was unchanged in the ACR 3- and ACR 5-day groups but was
      significantly reduced in the ACR 10-day group. These data show a preferential
      effect of ACR on slowly adapting receptors early in the neuropathy. However, the
      reduction in field receptors and the total number of receptors at 10 days
      suggests that ACR eventually affects all mechanoreceptors in the tibial nerve.

PMID- 4035700
TI  - Short-term toxicity of trans,trans-muconaldehyde.
AB  - Toxicological and biochemical effects of muconaldehyde, a six-carbon diene
      dialdehyde, were evaluated in 6- to 9-week-old CD-1 male mice. The LD50 of
      trans,trans-muconaldehyde was 6.7 and 7.1 mg/kg body wt when calculated by two
      different methods. Administration of trans,trans-muconaldehyde (2 mg/kg, ip)
      daily for 10 and 16 days resulted in a statistically significant decrease in red
      blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, bone marrow cellularity, and hepatic
      total and free sulfhydryl content. There was an increase in white blood cell
      count and spleen weight at 16 days. Similar effects, but of much lesser
      magnitude, were observed when the mice were given the same total dose of 2 mg/kg
      divided into three daily ip injections of 0.67 mg/kg trans,trans-muconaldehyde
      for 10 and 16 days. This alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde is a potent bone marrow
      toxin in mice.

PMID- 4035702
TI  - Alterations in alveolar clearance after 4-ipomeanol-induced necrosis of Clara and
      ciliated cells in the terminal bronchiole of the rat.
AB  - The administration of 4-ipomeanol, [0, 10 (LD), and 25 (HD) mg/kg, ip], to rats
      resulted in dose-dependent degeneration and necrosis of the nonciliated (Clara)
      and ciliated epithelial cells of the terminal bronchioles. More extensive
      necrosis of the terminal bronchiolar epithelium, with exposure of the basement
      membrane, was produced in the HD group. Repair of the terminal bronchiolar
      epithelium was complete within 10 days. Alveolar clearance of 51Cr labeled
      polystyrene latex microspheres was analyzed through 40 days postinstillation by
      nonlinear regression for a double exponential model. Alveolar clearance during
      phase 1 (Days 2 to 6) was delayed and significantly decreased in both the LD and
      HD groups. Alveolar clearance during phase 2 (Days 10 to 40) was significantly
      decreased only in the HD group. The decreased alveolar clearance in HD subjects
      was long term and did not correlate with the return of morphologically normal
      appearing Clara and ciliated cell structure.

PMID- 4035703
TI  - Methodologies for estimating LD50: the moving average method.

PMID- 4035704
TI  - Toxicology of indecainide hydrochloride after intravenous administration to rats
      and dogs.
AB  - Subchronic 1-month intravenous toxicity studies on indecainide, an
      antidysrhythmic agent, were conducted in rats and dogs. Rats (10 males, 10
      females/group) were given daily intravenous (i.v.) doses of 0, 3, 6, or 9 mg/kg
      of indecainide for 1 month. 6 Of 10 males and 1 of 10 females given 9 mg/kg died
      during the test period. All but 2 animals from the other test groups survived.
      The high end of these daily doses was close to the acute single lethal dose, and
      the deaths were not unexpected. There were no treatment-related hematologic or
      serum chemistry changes in the surviving animals. No treatment-related
      histopathologic changes occurred in any of the animals. Groups of dogs (2 males,
      2 females per group) were given daily i.v. injections of 0, 1.5, 3, or 4.5 mg/kg
      of indecainide for 1 month. 2 Of 4 dogs died after receiving multiple daily doses
      of 4.5 mg/kg. No treatment-related histopathologic changes were present in these
      animals. Dogs given doses of 1.5 or 3 mg/kg tolerated daily injections of the
      compound with no overt signs of toxicity and without hematologic, serum chemistry
      or histologic changes. Electrocardiograms revealed prolonged PR, QRS, and QT
      intervals in dogs from all three dose groups. Rats and dogs tolerated daily
      intravenous doses of indecainide as high as 6 and 3 mg/kg, respectively, with no
      evidence of any effect of treatment except the expected pharmacological action on
      the myocardium.

PMID- 4035705
TI  - Acrylamide alters oxidative enzyme activity in rat motoneurons.
AB  - Acrylamide (ACR) produces a central-peripheral distal axonopathy, via an unknown
      mechanism. We have investigated the effects of ACR on the activity of enzymes
      responsible for the oxidation of NADH (NADH-tetrazolium reductase activity, NADH
      TR) with quantitative histochemical techniques. Chronic (5- or 10-day) injection
      of ACR (50 mg/kg/day) resulted in a significant decrease in enzyme activity in
      soleus motoneurons, which normally have high NADH-TR activity. The NADH-TR
      activity in motoneurons with low oxidative metabolism was not significantly
      affected. Retrograde labeling of motoneurons with horseradish peroxidase was
      diminished by the acrylamide treatment. These data demonstrate an acrylamide
      induced change in the oxidative metabolism of certain motoneurons; further study
      will determine whether oxidative metabolism is the primary site of action of ACR
      in producing the distal axonopathy.

PMID- 4035706
TI  - Elevation of hepatic metallothionein in rats chronically exposed to dietary
      ethionine.
AB  - Following 30 weeks of exposure to 0.3% ethionine in the diet, male Fischer rats
      bearing liver cell tumors showed a marked increase (9.5 fold) in hepatic
      metallothionein (MT) concentrations relative to control, as assessed by the
      cadmium-hemoglobin assay. To confirm the presence of MT in the tumor-containing
      livers of ethionine-fed rats, biochemical analyses were performed. Spectral
      analysis of a purified protein from ethionine-treated livers revealed a UV
      absorption spectrum characteristic of MT. Gel filtration (Sephadex G-75)
      indicated a prominent copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)-containing peak with a Mr
      (approx. 9 000) similar to that of MT. Concurrent with the elevation in hepatic
      MT in ethionine-fed rats there was an increase in the concentration of Cu and Zn
      in hepatic cytosol.

PMID- 4035707
TI  - Splenomegaly in mice following exposure to ambient levels of ozone.
AB  - Female strain A/J mice were exposed to 0.31 ppm (608 micrograms/m3) ozone
      continuously for 103 h every other week for 6 mth. Following an additional period
      of 5 mth in a filtered air environment, animals were killed and examined for
      evidence of altered spleen weight. It was observed that animals exposed to ozone
      had a greater spleen weight, and spleen to body weight ratio than air-breathing
      controls. In some of the ozone-exposed mice, pronounced splenomegaly was noted.
      Increased spleen weight appears to be another example of an extrapulmonary effect
      of ozone inhalation.

PMID- 4035709
TI  - Teratogenic potency of TCDD, TCDF and TCDD-TCDF combinations in C57BL/6N mice.
AB  - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
      (TCDF) cause the same spectrum of fetal anomalies in C57BL/6N mice. Pregnant dams
      were treated with TCDD, TCDF and combinations of the 2 compounds on gestation day
      10, and examined for maternal and fetal effects on day 18. The fetal kidneys were
      the most sensitive target for teratogenicity. The dose response for cleft palate
      induction fit the probit model for both compounds, suggesting that TCDD was
      approximately 30 times more potent than TCDF. The interaction between these 2
      compounds was consistent with a model for additive toxicity.

PMID- 4035708
TI  - Effects of surfactants on the permeability of canine oral mucosa in vitro.
AB  - The effect of 3 cationic, 1 anionic, and 1 non-ionic surfactant on the
      permeability of oral frenulum removed from anesthetized dogs was determined in
      vitro. Permeability to 12 organic compounds was measured in the presence and
      absence of surfactant. Cetylpyridinium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide,
      benzalkonium chloride and sodium lauryl sulfate, at concentrations from 0.025
      1.0% caused dose-related increases in permeability to each of the solutes tested,
      whereas polysorbate 80 caused an increase in permeability to only 3 solutes, and
      this occurred only at the highest surfactant concentration employed.

PMID- 4035710
TI  - The toxic and teratogenic effects of selected organophosphorus compounds on the
      embryos of three species of amphibians.
AB  - The toxic and teratogenic effects of 4 organophosphorus compounds (phenyl
      saliginen cyclic phosphate (PSCP), leptophos-oxon (LPTO), tri-o-tolyl phosphate
      (TOTP), and paraoxon (PXN] were investigated in the embryos of 3 species of
      frogs. Developmental abnormalities were observed in surviving embryos of each of
      the 3 species following exposure to PSCP at concentrations as low as 500 ppb for
      24 h. LPTO, while being toxic to gray treefrog embryos at concentrations as low
      as 2.2 ppm, did not induce developmental abnormalities. TOTP and PXN were neither
      toxic nor teratogenic at concentrations of 10 ppm and 100 ppm respectively.

PMID- 4035711
TI  - Enzymatic denitrification of 2-nitropropane in uninduced mouse liver microsomes.
AB  - Hepatic microsomes from 5 strains of untreated mice were tested for the ability
      to enzymatically cleave the nitro group from 2-nitropropane (2NP). All strains
      showed significant NADPH-dependent nitrite release at pH 7.6 and pH 8.8.
      Statistical differences in nitrite-releasing activity between strains were found
      between BALB and PL/J and ATH strains at pH 7.6. At pH 8.8, BIO.M differed from
      CD-1 and BALB. These results are in contrast to a report of little or no
      denitrification activity in uninduced rats and suggest that the 2NP microsomal
      metabolism may be of greater importance than previously thought.

PMID- 4035712
TI  - Dimethyl sulfoxide: lack of suppression of the humoral immune response in mice.
AB  - Mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
      or sterile saline (controls) for 36 days. The mice received 0.05 ml daily for one
      week, 0.025 ml every other day for the second week (because the DMSO-treated mice
      appeared weak), and 0.05 ml daily for 3 more weeks. All mice were immunized twice
      with sheep red blood cells (days 13 and 24), and bled twice by caudal incision
      (days 20 and 29). Hematocrits were significantly decreased (P less than or equal
      to 0.002) but still within the normal range. The primary and secondary antibody
      response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), leukocyte counts, body weight, and the
      size of the heart, lungs, spleen, thymus, and kidneys were not affected. DMSO
      treatment resulted in significant liver enlargement (P = 0.02). It is concluded
      that this dose of DMSO is not deleterious to the humoral immune response in mice
      responding to a new antigen.

PMID- 4035713
TI  - Inhibition of 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) turnover by chlordane.
AB  - 4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) turnover was measured in mice 8 h after an acute
      injection of 1 g/kg of technical grade chlordane in corn oil. Significant
      decreases in GABA turnover were observed in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus and
      hypothalamus after chlordane treatment. A smaller, though significant, decrease
      was also observed in the cerebellum. These results may help to explain the
      hyperexcitability and convulsions observed after acute high-dose exposure to this
      compound.

PMID- 4035714
TI  - Inhibitory effect of various organophosphorus esters on rat liver malathion
      carboxylesterase in vitro: role of mixed-function oxidases.
AB  - 6 Structurally related trialkyl phosphorothioates were assessed for their
      inhibitory effects on rat liver malathion carboxylesterase in vitro. IC50 values
      indicate that all these compounds, except compound III, a phosphorodithioate,
      inhibited the activity of the enzyme progressively with increasing incubation
      time of the compounds with the enzyme preparation. Compounds with an ethyl
      substitution were more potent than the corresponding methyl-substituted
      inhibitors. There was cytochrome P-450-mediated oxidative deactivation of all
      compounds tested, this was especially profound with inhibitors containing an
      ethyl thiolate moiety.

PMID- 4035716
TI  - Detection of impervious tissue in tree bark with selective histochemistry and
      fluorescence microscopy.
AB  - Use of conventional histochemical tests in conjunction with fluorescence
      microscopy has validated the concept of impervious tissue in the bark of trees.
      Application of phloroglucinol + HCl or toluidine blue O selectively quenched
      lignin autofluorescence and allowed visualization of intracellular suberin
      lamellae previously undetected. Fluorescence of intracellular lamellae was
      quenched with Sudan black B and enhanced with Sudan IV thus providing evidence
      for the suberized nature of a tissue heretofore regarded as nonsuberized.

PMID- 4035715
TI  - Comparative disposition and elimination of chlordane in rats and mice.
AB  - The absorption, distribution and elimination of orally administered cis
      [14C]chlordane (1.0 mg/kg) was determined in male Sprague-Dawley rats and
      C57BL/6JX mice. Absorption appeared somewhat slower in mice, but total
      [14C]chlordane equivalents at peak blood concentration (113 ng/ml at 8 h)
      exceeded the maximum which occurred in rats (81 ng/ml at 2 h). Peak tissue
      residues in both species were observed within 4 h, suggesting that the
      radiocarbon responsible for the latent peak blood levels in mice was eliminated
      rather than sequestered by the tissues. This was supported by the findings that
      peak tissue residue levels were lower in mice, and that the initial fecal
      elimination rate was higher than in rats. At 12 h, 34% and 7% of the doses were
      excreted in mouse and rat feces, respectively; by 3 days, both species had voided
      83% of the dose in the feces. Clearance rates of tissue residues were markedly
      faster in the rat, and consequently, the total body burden resulting from chronic
      exposure to chlordane will be far greater in mice than in rats.

PMID- 4035717
TI  - Microtome blade holders for cryostats.

PMID- 4035718
TI  - A glass knife tool for cutting 50-micron sections for electron microscopic
      cytochemistry.

PMID- 4035719
TI  - VIIth meeting of the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology (ESHO). Paris,
      September 16-18, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4035720
TI  - [The first linear electron accelerator Therac 15-Saturne in clinical service. 2.
      Measurement of electron radiation].
AB  - Therac 15-Saturne is a linear accelerator for photon and electron radiation with
      a double scattering screen system. It has proved its worth during more than three
      years of clinical use. The dosimetric data of both kinds of radiation correspond
      to the international requirements for modern therapy units. The trimmer system
      for electron radiation is equipped with a continuous field size adjustment device
      for the whole range of field sizes. Thus a fast and precise adjustment is
      possible without any changing of tubes.

PMID- 4035721
TI  - The impact of development and population policies on fertility in India.
AB  - This article examines the impact of development and population policies on
      fertility decline and regional variations in India during the 1970s. Indicators
      of development at the household level include female literacy and education,
      infant mortality, and poverty; at the village level they include availability of
      such social services as schools, medical facilities, and transportation and
      communication facilities. Multiple regression analysis of data aggregated at the
      state level demonstrates that conditions conducive to fertility decline include
      high adult female literacy and low infant mortality as indicators of social
      development, and high contraceptive use and, to a lesser extent, high female age
      at marriage as proximate determinants of fertility. There are reasons to believe
      that India's national family planning program contributed to the decline in
      fertility observed since the 1960s. The pace of fertility decline in the future
      will depend upon the pace of infant mortality decline, enhancement in female
      education, and improvements in family planning programs.

PMID- 4035722
TI  - Family size intentions and socioeconomic status in Singapore, 1974-1981.
AB  - Singapore has in recent years undergone a tremendous fertility decline that has
      affected couples at all socioeconomic levels. Using representative biographical
      sketches, this article presents the results of a panel study on family planning
      intentions and behavior among 45 young Chinese Singaporean couples. The couples,
      ranked as average or affluent working-class, or middle-class, were first
      interviewed in 1974-76 and were followed up in 1981. The study compares early
      childbearing intentions with actual childbearing behavior, examining the
      motivation for childbearing by socioeconomic group and highlighting the
      differences found. The follow-up interviews reveal that, on average, all couples
      in the sample bore 0.4 fewer children than originally intended. The motivation
      for changed childbearing intentions, however, differed according to socioeconomic
      status and the perceived role that children play in the family economy.

PMID- 4035723
TI  - Sex education laws and policies.
AB  - Sex education laws and policies are important in facilitating or blocking efforts
      to provide adolescents with sexuality education and information. Legislation in
      developing and industrialized countries concerns both sexuality education in
      schools and adolescents' access to information on contraception and abortion.
      Although laws and policies vary, the trend is to remove laws restricting sex
      education and information and to promote the flow of reproductive health
      information for adolescents. The integration of sex education with programs that
      provide contraceptive services offers the promise of preventing unwanted
      pregnancy in adolescents, with its all too frequent tragic health and social
      consequences.

PMID- 4035724
TI  - The effect of previous child death on infant and child mortality in rural Nepal.
AB  - Data from the Nepal Fertility Survey 1976, which was carried out by the Nepal
      Family Planning and Maternal-Child Health Project in collaboration with the World
      Fertility Survey, is used to explore the interrelationships of sibling mortality.
      Even when demographic variables are considered, the risk of infant and child
      death is considerably higher among children of mothers whose previous child died
      than among those whose previous child survived. An attempt is also made to
      examine whether it is because of close birth spacing or because of the family
      environment that the previous child loss puts the subsequent children at an
      excessive risk of dying during infancy and childhood.

PMID- 4035725
TI  - Abnormal stem cells in autoimmune-prone mice are responsible for premature thymic
      involution.
AB  - Autoimmune-prone mice show premature thymic involution, including morphological
      and functional abnormalities. To determine why the thymic abnormalities develop
      in autoimmune-prone mice, transplantation of the thymus and/or bone marrow was
      performed. When thymuses of newborn MRL/1 (H-2k) mice were grafted into C3H/HeN
      nu/nu(H-2k) mice, the engrafted thymuses did not show the abnormalities which
      characterize the thymus in the autoimmune-prone MRL/1 mice. By contrast, when
      thymuses of newborn C3H/HeN or MRL/n mice were grafted into MRL/1 mice, the
      engrafted thymuses developed after an interval of 3 months the same morphological
      abnormalities as were seen in MRL/1 mice. Thus, we can conclude that premature
      involution of the thymus in autoimmune-prone mice may not be a genetically
      determined abnormality intrinsic to the thymus, but rather an abnormality
      secondary to other events occurring in these mice. When bone marrow of young
      C3H/HeN nu/nu mice was transplanted into irradiated (850 rad) MRL/1 mice, neither
      thymic abnormalities nor autoimmune diseases developed. Therefore, it seem likely
      that abnormal stem cells in autoimmune-prone mice induce thymic abnormalities,
      and these, in turn, are associated with the development of autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 4035726
TI  - Water related diarrhoeal diseases and infant mortality and morbidity. Symposium.

PMID- 4035727
TI  - Simultaneous determination of pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine in human plasma by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Pyrimethamine was extracted as a base, and sulphadoxine simultaneous as an ion
      pair with tetrabutyl-ammonium into methylene chloride. After re-extraction into
      an acidic aqueous phase separation of the drugs was performed by reversed-phase
      high performance liquid chromatography using Nucleosil C-18 as the support and
      acetonitrile-phosphate buffer pH 5.5 (28 + 72) as the mobile phase with
      tetrabutyl-ammonium as counter ion. Photometric detection at 240 nm was used for
      both substances. The within-day precision of the method was 5 to 10% for
      pyrimethamine within 50 to 1000 nmol/l (13 to 250 ng/ml) and for sulphadoxine 3
      to 6% within 50 to 1000 mumol/l (16 to 310 micrograms/ml) in plasma. The method
      is suitable for simultaneous determination of plasma levels of pyrimethamine and
      sulphadoxine after therapeutic doses of Fansidar.

PMID- 4035728
TI  - Natural hosts of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis Lainson and Shaw, 1972
      (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in French Guiana.

PMID- 4035729
TI  - Isotope renography and urinary schistosomiasis: a study in a Gambian community.
AB  - A transportable apparatus for isotope renography, which allowed deconvolution
      analysis, was used to study the prevalence and prognosis of abnormalities
      associated with urinary schistosomiasis. Before carrying out studies in a heavily
      infected community, observations were made in a non-endemic area to allow
      derivation of criteria for abnormality. Comparison of the findings in the two
      areas showed that changes suggesting urinary tract obstruction were more common
      in the endemic area in subjects between nine and 45 years but not in older
      subjects. Measurements of effective renal plasma flow showed renal function was
      impaired in the endemic area in subjects older than 17 years but not in younger
      subjects. In the endemic area the results of renography were unrelated to the
      urinary egg count of the subjects examined, but there was an improvement in the
      abnormal renograms in a group of subjects aged between nine and 20 years who were
      re-examined a year after treatment with metrifonate. Follow-up data about 316
      subjects was obtained two years after renography. Nine subjects had died,
      including four of the five subjects with abnormalities suggesting both
      obstruction and over-all loss of renal function. These findings, which are
      comparable to the results of similar studies using radiological techniques,
      suggest urinary schistosomiasis may be a significant cause of mortality in adults
      in intensely infected communities.

PMID- 4035730
TI  - Fibroblast stimulating activity of extracts of hepatic granulomata of Schistosoma
      mansoni-infected rodents with marked or slight hepatic fibrosis.
AB  - Eight weeks following infection with Schistosoma mansoni ICR strain mice showed
      much more marked hepatic fibrosis than did C57BL/6 mice or hamsters. None the
      less, extracts of the hepatic granulomata of these animals had similar fibroblast
      stimulating activity when assayed in vitro.

PMID- 4035731
TI  - Post-infective malabsorption in the temperate zone.
AB  - A series of 37 adults normally resident in Britain have been investigated for
      persistent bowel symptoms following acute enteritis. 26 had intestinal
      malabsorption, of whom 12 had been travelling in the Mediterranean area, whereas
      10 developed their illness at home. Mild jejunal mucosal abnormalities were found
      in cases with and without malabsorption, and the intraepithelial lymphocyte count
      correlated more closely with the degree of malabsorption than did the
      histological grading. Over 80% of severe cases were folate deficient.
      Enterobacteria were cultured from the jejunal fluid in 30% of cases. Our
      observations confirm that post-infective malabsorption occurs sporadically in
      adults in the temperate zone and is occasionally severe. The condition involves
      small bowel contamination with enterobacteria, and it differs from acute tropical
      sprue only in its greater tendency to spontaneous recovery.

PMID- 4035732
TI  - Studies on the biology of Simuliidae (Diptera) at the Santiago onchocerciasis
      focus in Ecuador, with special reference to the vectors and disease transmission.
AB  - A survey showed the presence of seven simuliid species in the onchocerciasis
      focus in Ecuador Simulium exiguum and S. quadrivittatum were the two most common
      anthropophilic species and were shown to be both experimental and natural vectors
      of Onchocerca volvulus. S. antillarum only occasionally bit man. Observations
      were made on the biology of the two vector species and it was evident that S.
      exiguum was the primary vector of onchocerciasis in the rainy season. The
      relevance of these findings to the epidemiology and control of onchocerciasis in
      Ecuador are discussed.

PMID- 4035733
TI  - Histopathology of hepatic amoebiasis in guinea-pigs infected through intracaecal
      and intramesenteric routes.
AB  - The comparative histopathological details of amoebic liver abscess were studied
      following intracaecal and intramesenteric inoculation of Entamoeba histolytica
      into guinea-pigs. The histological changes of amoebic liver abscess formed via
      the former route were similar to those seen in man. These consisted of a central
      necrotic area with few lymphomononuclear cells and E. histolytica trophozoites at
      the periphery of the lesion. The amoebic liver abscess formed via the
      intramesenteric route, however, differed from that formed by intracaecal
      inoculation in three ways: (i) in having an intense inflammatory reaction, (ii)
      healing of the abscess by fibrosis and (iii) exhibiting a giant cell reaction.

PMID- 4035735
TI  - Toxocara canis larvae in the brain of a British child.
AB  - The clinical and autopsy findings of a two and a half year-old infant with
      Toxocara sp. infection of the brain and granulomatous lesions in the liver are
      reported. The cause of death was non-accidental injury. The relationship between
      Toxocara infection and behavioural disorders is discussed.

PMID- 4035734
TI  - ELISA using intact promastigotes for immunodiagnosis of kala-azar.
AB  - The commonly used diagnostic methods for visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) have
      many disadvantages. ELISA appears to be a more easily applied test for diagnosis,
      follow-up of treatment and epidemiology. The preparation of the ELISA antigen has
      given rise to difficulties in standardization since these are usually soluble.
      Intact cultured promastigotes have been used to develop an ELISA which is
      sensitive and specific while avoiding the extra handling which is a source of
      variability and lack of reproducibility. When tested on sera from kala-azar
      patients and patients with other tropical diseases, this ELISA was able to detect
      specific antibodies at very high serum dilutions. It is thus promising as a
      screening method applicable in the field.

PMID- 4035736
TI  - Provocation of poliomyelitis by multiple injections.
AB  - Injections of vaccines provoked paralytic poliomyelitis in children in the UK and
      elsewhere. The effect of multiple injections has not been recognized previously
      but could be important in the tropics where children receive many injections. A
      number of epidemics of poliomyelitis between 1914 and 1962 are related to
      children with congenital syphilis or yaws under treatment with arsenicals or
      penicillin. Rates of 25% of children with paralysis occurred in epidemics while
      in non-epidemic periods the increase in susceptibility was about 25 fold. Other
      possible cases of provocation are discussed. Although in the tropics injections
      before paralysis may be causal, it will be difficult to prove that they are not
      coincident. The very high rate of paralysis following multiple injections is
      powerful evidence that injections in the tropics are often causal.

PMID- 4035737
TI  - The adherence of Giardia lamblia trophozoites to nylon fibre microcolumns: effect
      of temperature, fluoride, cyanide and metronidazole.
AB  - A simple rapid method for the measurement of adherence of Giardia lamblia
      trophozoites is described. Microcolumns are prepared from 10 mg amounts of nylon
      fibre packed into 100 microliter size disposable pipette tips. The kinetics show
      that 30 min is the optimum contact time for the experiments. Maximum adherence
      occurred at 37 degrees C, minimal at 4 degrees C, and intermediate at 25 degrees
      C, suggesting that adherence is an energy-dependent process. Adherence was
      fluoride-sensitive but cyanide-insensitive, suggesting that this parasite derives
      its energy from the glycolytic pathway, and not the oxidative pathway.
      Metronidazole, one of the mainstays for chemotherapy of giardiasis, produced
      significant inhibition of adherence at 10 micrograms/ml and 100 micrograms/ml
      concentrations after one hour pre-incubation.

PMID- 4035738
TI  - Fingers or spoons to make oral rehydration solution?
AB  - The accuracy and variability of the composition of oral rehydration solution
      (ORS) prepared by village health workers using (i) a finger measurement technique
      and (ii) a special ORS measuring spoon were compared. The sodium and sucrose
      concentrations were measured in 130 ORSs prepared by each technique. All the
      spoon-measured ORSs had acceptable levels of sodium and sucrose, compared with
      93% of the finger-measured ORSs. Only 2.3% of finger-measured ORSs had hypertonic
      sodium levels. The variability of sodium and sucrose levels was significantly
      greater with the finger measurement technique. This comparison should assist
      programme managers to decide which technique to adopt. Both techniques require
      careful instruction to ensure accuracy.

PMID- 4035739
TI  - Egg count variability and sensitivity of a thin smear technique for the diagnosis
      of Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Variation in daily egg counts, and in counts for samples of the same stool, was
      investigated in children with Schistosoma mansoni and Ascaris lumbricoides
      infections, using a thin smear technique. The results indicated that counts vary
      according to the stool consistency; drier stools from the same person producing
      up to seven times greater counts than wet ones. The sensitivity of the technique
      was tested in schoolchildren living in an endemic S. mansoni area, and found to
      detect all infections with intensities of greater than 50 eggs per gram of stool,
      after examination of only one slide containing 40mg stool. The sensitivity varied
      with the intensity of infection. The relevance of these findings to diagnosis in
      field situations is discussed.

PMID- 4035740
TI  - Blood pressure patterns in relation to age, weight and urinary electrolytes in
      three Kenyan communities.
AB  - The blood pressure patterns of three Kenyan communities have been studied: 861
      members of the Luo tribe in a rural community, 281 members of the Kamba tribe in
      a rural community and 310 "urban" Luo living in Nairobi. The slope of linear
      regression of blood pressure with age was significantly different in each
      population: rural Luo had the smallest rise with age and urban Luo had the
      largest rise with age, while the Kamba tribe were in between. The differences
      could not be accounted for by weight. Urinary electrolyte data showed rural Luo
      had the lowest sodium ratios (sodium/creatinine, sodium/potassium) and the
      highest potassium/creatinine ratio: urban Luo had the highest sodium and lowest
      potassium ratios and rural Kamba had values in between. The differences in blood
      pressures between the two groups of the same tribe in different environments
      (rural and urban Luo) were far greater than those between different genetic
      groups (Kamba and Luo) underlining the importance of environmental factor(s) in
      the determination of arterial pressure. Furthermore, these data support the
      theory that the dietary intake of sodium and potassium are the major influential
      environmental factors affecting blood pressure.

PMID- 4035741
TI  - Immunity after treatment of human schistosomiasis mansoni. II. Identification of
      resistant individuals, and analysis of their immune responses.
AB  - Intensities of re-infection were monitored at three-monthly intervals after
      treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infections in a group of 119 Kenyan
      schoolchildren, whose levels of water contact were also observed. 22 children
      showed high reinfection intensities (greater than 100 eggs per gram of faeces) by
      12 months after treatment, and were considered to be susceptible. Out of 70
      children who showed low reinfection intensities during the same period (less than
      30 eggs per gram), 35 showed high levels both of total water contact and of
      contact with sites containing infected snails. In these children, the relative
      lack of reinfection could not be attributed to a lack of exposure, and they were
      classified as resistant to reinfection. Comparison of the two groups, resistant
      and susceptible, revealed no difference in pretreatment intensities of infection.
      However, there was a marked difference in age, the mean age of the resistant
      group being two years greater than that of the susceptible group, within a
      restricted starting age range. These findings indicated that resistance was an
      acquired and age-dependent phenomenon, not obviously related to previous egg
      induced pathology. Studies of immune responses revealed no clearcut correlate of
      resistance, but there were interesting differences between the two groups.
      Whereas anti-egg antigen responses declined after treatment to a greater extent
      in the resistant than in the susceptible group, antibodies mediating eosinophil
      dependent killing of schistosomula rose markedly in both groups, strongly
      suggesting that the resistant children were being exposed to cercariae. Anti
      adult worm antibodies rose sharply in both groups immediately after treatment,
      and thereafter declined to pretreatment levels. Although some individual children
      showed high levels of IgE anti-schistosomulum antibodies, there were no
      significant differences between the two groups. Since all children showed
      detectable levels of antibodies mediating eosinophil-dependent killing of
      schistosomula, the possibility was considered that such antibodies might be a
      necessary, but not a limiting, factor in immunity. Instead, the functional state
      of the effector cells mediating antibody-dependent killing might be limiting.
      Eosinophil levels, measured as an indirect estimate of eosinophil functional
      activity, did not differ between the two groups. There were, however, marked
      differences between different individuals in their capacity to produce eosinophil
      stimulating monocyte mediators, and although this cannot yet be related to
      resistance, this aspect is worth further study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4035742
TI  - The portable Nabarro weight-height anthropometric nutrition assessment chart. A
      field trial in three countries in Africa.
AB  - A cluster sampling technique and a portable weight-for-height measuring chart
      were used to conduct nutrition surveys on children between 12 and 60 months of
      age in rural communities in Tanzania, Zambia and Zaire. Wasting was uncommon.
      Only four (0.6%) of 644 children who were weighed and measured had a weight-for
      height of less than 80% of the standard. The new chart classified all of these as
      wasted, along with five others whose weight-for-heights were close to 80% (80.2
      to 83.3%). The portable weight-for-height chart works well, and the observer
      error was small. Compared with calculations from tables it did not fail to
      identify any of the significantly wasted children and gave five false positives,
      all in borderline cases. Simple modifications would make this chart easier to
      use.

PMID- 4035743
TI  - Blackfly bites, onchocerciasis and leopard skin.

PMID- 4035744
TI  - Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus strains from sentinel pigs in northern
      Thailand, 1982.

PMID- 4035745
TI  - Leishmaniasis or AIDS?

PMID- 4035746
TI  - Cryptosporidium in stool specimens in Madrid.

PMID- 4035748
TI  - Depth of penetration of mammalian skin by sandflies.

PMID- 4035747
TI  - Experimental transmission of Trichuris ova from monkeys to man.

PMID- 4035750
TI  - Amoebiasis in Kashmir (India)--a laboratory study.

PMID- 4035749
TI  - Lone laryngeal leishmaniasis.

PMID- 4035751
TI  - Supernatant fluid inhibiting the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine by rabbit
      splenic lymphocytes stimulated in a variety of in vitro assays.

PMID- 4035752
TI  - Control values of lymphocyte subsets in healthy volunteers.

PMID- 4035753
TI  - Practising in the tropics.

PMID- 4035755
TI  - Simplified management of fluid and electrolyte problems. 2--Assessment of
      treatment, complications, and central venous pressure.

PMID- 4035754
TI  - Anal fissures, abscesses and fistulae. Alternatives in the management of common
      anorectal conditions--2.

PMID- 4035756
TI  - Cataract surgery.

PMID- 4035757
TI  - Management of rupture of the gravid uterus.

PMID- 4035758
TI  - Child health card.

PMID- 4035759
TI  - Immunization of sick children.

PMID- 4035760
TI  - Utilization of health personnel in dental health activities in Nigeria.

PMID- 4035761
TI  - Use of beans diet for control of diabetes.

PMID- 4035762
TI  - Successful continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in tropical Africa.

PMID- 4035763
TI  - Are we missing cases of onchocerciasis?

PMID- 4035764
TI  - An inexpensive ophthalmoscope.

PMID- 4035765
TI  - Volvulus of sigmoid colon.

PMID- 4035766
TI  - Abdominal pregnancy.

PMID- 4035767
TI  - Successful abdominal pregnancy.

PMID- 4035768
TI  - Training programme for rural midwives in Mozambique.

PMID- 4035770
TI  - Physical restraint of the disturbed patient.

PMID- 4035769
TI  - Hepatitis B markers in patients with and without ascites in Haiti.

PMID- 4035771
TI  - Prospects of human malaria and Bancroftian filariasis infections in the Lower
      Rufiji Basin, Tanzania. I. Malaria.
AB  - Surveys for human malaria infections were conducted in the Lower Rufiji Basin in
      Tanzania, before and after the long rains in 1981. A multipurpose water resources
      development project has been planned in the area. Overall asexual malaria
      parasite, gametocyte and spleen rates of 38.6%, 3.8% and 21.1% respectively were
      observed before the long rains whilst respective parameters after the long rains
      were 44.5%, 2.8% and 17.3%. Malaria parasite species percentages of 95.5, 1.0,
      0.2 and 3.4 were observed in respect of P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and
      mixed infections respectively for both periods. Malaria endemicity in the Lower
      Rufiji Basin ranges between mesoendemic to hyperendemic. Following implementation
      of the project, malaria is likely to become holoendemic.

PMID- 4035772
TI  - Schistosomiasis haematobium and the mortality occurring in an endemic community
      at Bujashi, Tanzania.
AB  - A population of 4516 inhabitants of an area endemic for schistosomiasis
      haematobium at Bujashi, Tanzania, was investigated in 1983 seven years after a
      baseline study for a pilot control project to determine the disease mortality
      risk. The distribution of the 238 deaths occurring in the population, when
      analysed by the Mantel Haenszel test, showed similar age and sex specific
      mortality rates among the 2309 non-cases and 2109 cases found excreting
      schistosome eggs at the baseline urine examinations. Furthermore, the respective
      follow up 36 and 57 cases with and without urological sequelae on the baseline
      excretion urograms, also showed similar age adjusted mortality rates as did the
      1663 and 446 metrifonate treated and untreated cases respectively. The findings
      suggested, therefore, that neither the disease nor its treatment affected the
      mortality occurring in the population.

PMID- 4035773
TI  - Probable hybridization between S. intercalatum and S. haematobium in western
      Gabun.
AB  - Cases of intestinal schistosomiasis due to S. intercalatum were compared in an
      area of high prevalence of S. haematobium (Palmeveas) with those in an area of
      low prevalence of S. haematobium (Lambarene) in the Gabon. The patients with
      intestinal schistosomiasis in the area with high prevalence of S. haematobium
      excreted more eggs resembling S. intercalatum in the urine than those in the low
      S. haematobium prevalence area. It is suggested that the eggs resembling
      morphologically S. intercalatum might be hybrids between S. intercalatum and S.
      haematobium.

PMID- 4035774
TI  - Prevalence of latent iron deficiency in patients with chronic S. mansoni
      infection.
AB  - The iron status of 103 male patients aged 19 to 48 years with chronic S. mansoni
      infection was evaluated before treatment. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for
      serum ferritin and iron, percent transferrin saturation, hemoglobin and other
      hematological indices. Anemia based on hemoglobin level of less than 13 gm/dl was
      found in 52 patients. Of the remaining 51 nonanemic patients 10% would be
      classified as iron deficient by serum iron, 31% by percent transferrin saturation
      and 83% by serum ferritin. Schistosomal liver involvement in some of these
      patients did not cause any significant difference in the mean serum ferritin
      levels between this group of patients and those with no liver involvement. These
      findings suggest that serum ferritin is a valid and sensitive test for detecting
      iron deficiency in these patients and that chronic S. mansoni infection is
      associated with high incidence of latent iron deficiency.

PMID- 4035775
TI  - The prevalence of intestinal parasites in two suburbs of Kinshasa (Zaire) and
      their relation to domestic water supplies.
AB  - The prevalence of common intestinal nematodes (Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworms)
      and protozoa (Entamoeba coli, E. histolytica, Giardia, Trichomonas) was compared
      in two suburbs of Kinshasa, one provided with piped water and the other one with
      wells. Pit latrines were used in both places. No significant differences were
      observed for the worms, but the prevalence of the four common protozoa was
      approximately twice as high in the community without piped water supply. It is
      concluded that providing piped water has some impact on the transmission of
      potentially pathogenic intestinal protozoa, but no influence, at least on the
      short run, on intestinal worms. Infections with Giardia and Trichomonas were
      significantly associated.

PMID- 4035776
TI  - Mycetoma in northern Nigeria.
AB  - Fifteen cases of mycetoma were studied during a period of eight years (1976 to
      1984) at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. The commonest
      aetiological agent seen was Nocardia; the actinomycotic mycetoma was more
      prevalent as compared to maduromycotic mycetoma.

PMID- 4035777
TI  - Dapsone resistant leprosy, the western Kenya experience.
AB  - 41 patients out of 804 registered lepromatous (LL) and borderline lepromatous
      (BL) patients were studied for possible dapsone resistance by series of biopsy
      specimens, skin smears and clinical examination. These patients were drawn from a
      pool of 4384 registered leprosy patients in the west Kenya Leprosy Control
      Project area. Six out of fourty one cases (14.6%) were confirmed as dapsone
      resistant by series of biopsy specimens taken when patients were on supervised
      dapsone therapy; 11 patients (26.8%) were suspected to be resistant and 24
      patients (58.6%) responded well to dapsone therapy. All the confirmed cases were
      lepromatous leprosy cases. We therefore found that there is dapsone resistance
      here with a maximal prevalence rate of 7 per 1000 in all lepromatous cases and
      14.6% in clinically suspicious cases.

PMID- 4035778
TI  - Non-invasive cardiac study in diabetic Nigerians using systolic time intervals.
AB  - Non-invasive cardiac studies using systolic time intervals were performed on 89
      diabetic Nigerians and 45 non-diabetic controls, to investigate possible
      preclinical abnormality of left ventricular function. There was no significant
      difference in the pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time ratio
      (PEP/LVET) between the patients and controls: 0.373 +/- 0.011 vs 0.365 +/- 0.013
      (P = 0.688). Patients at higher risk for developing significant vascular disease
      i.e. those with peripheral vascular insufficiency, those in higher socio-economic
      class and those with disease duration of 10 or more years had the highest mean
      values of PEP/LVET (0.403, 0.403 and 0.412 respectively). However, these values
      did not reach a level of significance. There was no correlation between PEP/LVET
      and age, body mass index, duration of diabetes, total or HDL cholesterol and the
      HDL to total cholesterol ratio. Because recent reports have related diabetic
      cardiomyopathy to angiopathic disease in diabetes, these results suggest that
      Nigerian patients, who like most other black African diabetics show little
      susceptibility to severe vascular complications of diabetes may enjoy some
      protection from a preclinical abnormality of left ventricular function as well.

PMID- 4035779
TI  - Peptic diseases in Ethiopia: a prospective analysis of 200 endoscopically proven
      cases.
AB  - The clinical features of 200 Ethiopian patients with endoscopically confirmed
      duodenal ulcer were studied according to a prospectively formulated protocol. The
      peak age incidence of duodenal ulcer is between 30 and 40, about 10 years younger
      than in the Western world. Unlike reports from other parts of Africa, the male to
      female ratio is 3:1 and the commonest complication is haemorrhage and not pyloric
      stenosis. Gastric ulcers and stomal ulcers are rare. Forty-eight per cent of 80
      patients, whose blood groups were determined, are "O" positive and 30% "A"
      positive. The diagnostic value of aggregates of classical signs and symptoms,
      barium meal and the fibreoptic endoscopes are discussed in detail.

PMID- 4035780
TI  - Fractured hips in rural Melanesians: a nonepidemic.
AB  - Fractured hips are increasingly common in elderly citizens of many developed
      countries. Such fractures seem to be rare in less affluent people of some
      developing countries, even amongst the elderly. A four year review was done of
      all trauma patients admitted to a provincial hospital in hospital in Papua New
      Guinea which serves 135.000 people living mainly in remote hamlets. Only three
      fractures of the proximal femur were noted. One of these was in a bedridden
      plantation owner. Not a single fracture of the femoral neck was noted in the
      Melanesian population. Colles fractures of the distal radius were also rarely
      seen. Other fractures were common. Elderly Melanesian villagers are physically
      active, and it appears that this is an important factor in preventing bone
      weakness and associated fractures of the hip and distal radius. Modern cities and
      urban lifestyles need radical change to keep elderly people more physically
      active.

PMID- 4035781
TI  - Intestinal obstruction of infancy and childhood in Benin City, Nigeria.
AB  - The pattern of intestinal obstruction observed on 168 Nigerian infants and
      children is presented. The commonest causes of intestinal obstruction were
      intussusception (21%), anorectal anomalies (20%) and Hirschsprung's disease
      (14%). Strangulated hernia and adhesions occurring in 3.5% and 1.7% of cases
      respectively were notably uncommon in this age group. The role of radiology in
      the management of some cases is highlighted.

PMID- 4035782
TI  - Malignant bone tumours, experience at King Fahd University Hospital Al-Khobar,
      Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Reports show striking regional and ethnic variations in the incidence and pattern
      of certain malignancies in the Middle East. In view of this, a study of 19 cases
      of malignant tumours of the bone seen at King Fahd University Hospital during the
      period 1981-1983 was carried out. Of these eight were primary and eleven
      secondary tumours. Lymphoma and Ewing's sarcoma formed 50% of the primary
      tumours. Breast and lungs were the chief sources of secondary deposits in the
      bone.

PMID- 4035783
TI  - Renal amyloidosis in Jordan.
AB  - Twenty cases of renal amyloidosis were observed among 182 patients who underwent
      kidney biopsy at Jordan University Hospital (JUH) during the period 1979-1983.
      Eight cases were classified as primary amyloidosis while the remaining 12 were
      secondary to various underlying diseases, the most significant one was familial
      Mediterranean fever (FMF). Comparison of incidence of renal amyloidosis in kidney
      biopsy series from neighbouring countries is presented.

PMID- 4035784
TI  - Plasma vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) levels in normal children and in epileptic
      children with and without anticonvulsant drug therapy.
AB  - Plasma alpha tocopherol was assayed in 308 apparently normal children, epileptic
      children not on anticonvulsants, and anticonvulsant-treated epileptic children.
      The age range of the subjects was 5 to 12 years and both sexes were equally
      represented in each group. Plasma alpha tocopherol levels were significantly (p
      less than 0.001) lower in the anticonvulsant-treated epileptic children than
      either of the other groups. The values in all groups were lower than published
      values for adults. No difference in plasma alpha tocopherol values was
      attributable to sex. The lower plasma alpha tocopherol value in the
      anticonvulsant-treated epileptic children is probably related to the drug
      therapy.

PMID- 4035785
TI  - Serum calcium and protein levels in pregnant African and Caucasian women.
AB  - Serum calcium and protein concentrations were determined for 243 pregnant urban
      African and 150 Caucasian women covering the three trimesters of pregnancy. It
      was shown that the serum protein content of the pregnant African was consistently
      lower than that of her Caucasian counterpart, probably as a result of
      environmental and nutritional factors. On the other hand, there appeared to be
      little difference in the serum calcium concentration of both groups up to the end
      of the second trimester; thereafter, the serum calcium of the pregnant African
      began to increase significantly above that of the Caucasian up to term (without
      hypercalcaemia), whereas the Caucasian calcium concentration remained virtually
      unchanged. It is therefore concluded that this phenomenon is a compensatory
      mechanism through which the increasing need of the foetus for calcium was
      adequately satisfied by mobilization of calcium from its depot.

PMID- 4035786
TI  - The urban volunteer programme in Dhaka: a community based primary health care and
      research initiative.
AB  - In response to a recognition that existing health facilities could not adequately
      reach the poorer sections of Dhaka city, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal
      Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) established the Urban Volunteer Programme
      in 1981. This paper describes the primary health care and research activities of
      this program and suggests that such an approach can be and should be used in
      other urban areas of developing countries.

PMID- 4035787
TI  - Actinomycosis of the liver.
AB  - We present our first case of actinomycosis in Trinidad and we believe this is
      also the first reported case of hepatic actinomycosis in the West Indies.

PMID- 4035788
TI  - Mesenteric venous thrombosis and oral contraceptive use.
AB  - A case of mesenteric venous thrombosis in a young woman receiving oral
      contraceptives is reported. This is the first case encountered in the Caribbean
      region.

PMID- 4035789
TI  - Cavernous sinus thrombosis in two Papua New Guineans.
AB  - Bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis developed following minor forehead abrasions
      in two adult Melanesians in Papua New Guinea. In both cases diagnosis and the
      institution of appropriate treatment were delayed. The first patient died but the
      second survived with residual 6th cranial nerve palsy. Whenever this condition is
      suspected, because of the high case fatality rate, high-dose, intravenous
      antibiotic treatment which should include an agent effective against
      penicillinresistant staphylococci should be commenced without delay pending
      further investigation.

PMID- 4035790
TI  - [Resistance of liposomes with different physico-chemical characteristics to the
      effect of plasma].
AB  - The chemical composition, liquid content sign and value of charge as well as
      structure and size of lipid vesicles are studied for the effect they exert on the
      liposome permeability for 22Na+ in the presence of human blood plasma. The rate
      of the isotope outlet from the electroneutral lecithin liposomes is determined by
      the size of vesicles and the quantity of phospholipid bilayers in their membrane.
      The presence either of a negative or a positive charge on the surface of the
      liposome membrane has no essential effect on the outlet rate of the radioactive
      marker. Introduction of different amounts of cholesterol or sphingomyelin into
      the liposome composition decreases considerably the lipid vesicle permeability
      and an increase in the liquid content of their membranes due to the temperature
      elevation is accompanied by a sharp rise in the isotope outlet rate. A conclusion
      is drawn on the possibility to control the outlet rate of the liposome content in
      the presence of blood plasma.

PMID- 4035791
TI  - [Physico-chemical properties of lysyl-tRNA-synthetase from the rat liver].
AB  - Two lysyl-tRNA-synthetase forms are obtained from the rat liver. Their molecular
      masses are determined by electrophoresis and gel-filtration on Sephadex G-150:
      form I-122, form II-64 kDalton. Gel-electrophoresis in the presence of 0.1% SDS
      indicates that form I of lysyl-tRNA-synthetase consists of two subunits with a
      molecular mass of 64 kDalton each, i. e. it is a dimer. Optimal conditions and
      kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of aminoacylation for the both enzyme forms are
      similar. Amino acid composition, fluorescence parameters and thermal inactivation
      conditions are determined.

PMID- 4035792
TI  - [Study of the subunit structure of catalase from Penicillium vitale].
AB  - A molecule of Penicillium vitale catalase is shown to dissociate into subunits
      with the molecular weight 75-80 kDalton. When hemin is splitted off the molecule
      also disintegrates into subunits equalling 1/4 of the enzyme molecule. The amino
      acid composition and fingerprints of the catalase subunits were studied. It is
      supposed that N-terminal residue of the subunit is blocked.

PMID- 4035793
TI  - [Effect of blood components on the stability of liposomes].
AB  - The human blood plasma is studied for its effect on the outlet of different
      substances from lecithin liposomes. It is shown that in the presence of the whole
      blood the permeability of liposomal membrane for the low-molecular weight
      compounds increases sharply. Blood plasma proteins play a key role in this
      process but the influence of albumin, gamma-globulins, fibrinogen as well as of
      serum lipases is rather insignificant. An increase in the rate of outlet of
      substances in the presence of blood plasma depends on their molecular weight and
      may be explained by the formation of dynamic defects or pores of definite size in
      the liposomal membrane. The formation of these defects (pores) is supposed to
      proceed due to insertion of blood plasma proteins into the phospholipid matrix of
      liposomes.

PMID- 4035794
TI  - [Effect of NADH on the catalytic function and reactivity of thiols from rabbit
      muscle aldolase].
AB  - NADH has a corresponding binding site in aldolase, and can activate the reaction
      of the aldole cleavage of the substrate (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate). Unlike the
      considerable protection by the substrate, the similar effect of NADH on the
      sulphydryl enzyme groups is less pronounced, and may be attributed to single
      cysteine residue. The functionally related and spatially separated binding sites
      for NADH and substrate are suggested.

PMID- 4035795
TI  - [Combined effect of adenosine and papaverine on the metabolism of adenine
      nucleotides in rat thymocytes].
AB  - It is shown that in [14C]adenine-labelled thymocytes adenosine increases the
      content of adenine nucleotides and simultaneously accelerates their catabolism.
      Papaverine induces acceleration of splitting and a decrease of the specific ATP
      radioactivity but increases the AMP content and its specific radioactivity. The
      both effectors intensify considerably the outlet of total radioactive label from
      cells. If the papaverine effect in the extracellular medium results in
      accumulation mainly of hypoxanthine in the extracellular medium then the
      adenosine presence causes accumulation of inosine and hypoxanthine approximately
      in equal amounts. The release of labelled adenosine from thymocytes in all cases
      is an insignificant part of extracellular radioactivity. A conclusion is drawn
      that under conditions of the combined action of the substances under study
      papaverine removes the adenosine effect caused by its under study papaverine
      removes the adenosine effect caused by its phosphorylation with the formation of
      ATP and exerts the dose-depended action on adenine nucleotide metabolism in
      thymocytes.

PMID- 4035796
TI  - [Alpha 2-antiplasmin in bovine plasma].
AB  - Bovine and human blood plasma contains alpha 2-antiplasmin which possesses
      affinity to lysin-binding sites in plasmin and inhibits the human plasmin. Its
      isolation was conducted for two stages: separation of plasminogen on lysin
      cellulose, fractionation by ammonium sulphate, desalination on molselector G-25,
      chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and affinity chromatography on plasmin
      sepharose with the blocked active site.

PMID- 4035797
TI  - [Incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into creatine phosphate of the rabbit
      myocardium in experimental coronary insufficiency].
AB  - It is shown that under conditions of experimental limitation of coronary blood
      flow in rabbits the intensity of radioactive label (32P) incorporation into
      creatine phosphate lowers essentially. This evidences for inhibition of creatine
      phosphorylation in mitochondria under ischemia due to a decrease in the activity
      of a mitochondrial isoenzyme of creatine kinase.

PMID- 4035798
TI  - [Adenine nucleotide and creatine phosphate levels in rat skeletal muscles and
      myocardium in myorelaxation].
AB  - The content of adenylic system components and creatine phosphate was determined
      in skeletal muscles and myocardium after intraperitoneal injection and short-term
      action of myorelaxin and arduan. The injected myorelaxin causes no significant
      changes in macroergic phosphates in skeletal muscles, whereas arduan lowers the
      ATP amount by 39%. The both myorelaxants have the same effect on the adenylic
      system components of the myocardium: they lower significantly the level of ATP
      and enhance that of ADP and AMP. Different variational tendences of variation in
      the content of creatine phosphate in skeletal muscles (a certain rise) and in the
      myocardium (a decrease more than by 30%) are observed.

PMID- 4035799
TI  - [Effect of lactate on the effectiveness of glucose and succinate oxidation by
      myocardium homogenates].
AB  - Lactate (20 mM) was studied for its effect on the intensity of [1-6-14C] glucose
      and [1,4-14C] succinate oxidation by the rat myocardial homogenates. It is
      established that lactate induces specific suppression of aerobic glucose
      oxidation. A moderate reduction of the succinate and lactate oxidation in their
      combined incubation is of a non-specific character.

PMID- 4035800
TI  - [Effect of different doses of ethanol on the release of enzymes and lipids from
      the perfused rat liver].
AB  - The perfusion in situ of the rat liver reveals appearance of enzymes of different
      subcellular localization, potassium ions and lipid components in the perfusate.
      Ethanol introduction at different doses induces the most expressed changes in the
      activity of catalase, lactate dehydrogenase, arginase and alanine
      aminotransferase and in the potassium removal from hepatocytes. A degree of the
      evoked changes depends on the dose.

PMID- 4035801
TI  - [Changes in the phospholipid composition of rat liver chromatin during treatment
      with hydrocortisone].
AB  - When isolating protein components of chromatin from the rat liver phospholipids
      are found in the fraction of nonhistone proteins but not in that of histone.
      Administration of hydrocortisone to animals evokes a reliable increase of the
      phospholipids of hydrocortisone to animals evokes a reliable increase of the
      phospholipids amount in the preparations of chromatin and labile-bound nonhistone
      proteins. In this case the fraction of phosphatidylcholine lowers considerably
      with a simultaneous increase of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine. It is
      supposed that phospholipid metabolism in chromatin is controlled by hormones,
      which may be significant for mechanisms of the genetic apparatus activation by
      steroid hormones.

PMID- 4035802
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium of blood in chicken with gout].
AB  - It is shown that visceral gout in chicken is accompanied by acute metabolic
      acidosis. The mentioned change in the acid-base equilibrium is supposed to
      aggravate the course of the disease.

PMID- 4035803
TI  - The effect of single or repeated applications of "therapeutic" ultrasound on
      plasma extravasation during silver nitrate induced inflammation of the rat
      hindpaw ankle joint in vivo.
AB  - The effect of "therapeutic" ultrasound upon plasma extravasation during the
      inflammatory process induced in the rat hindpaw ankle by intra-articular
      injection of silver nitrate was investigated in two series of experiments. Both
      series utilised three ultrasonic frequencies, 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 MHz, and two
      pulse ratios, mark:space 1:4 and 1:1. Series 1 examined the effect of two
      durations of ultrasound, 1 or 2 min, administered once only, and series 2
      examined the effect of single or repeated insonations of 1 min duration. It was
      found that ultrasound treatment increased plasma extravasation compared to
      controls during the first 24 hr, but later reduced it significantly compared to
      controls. This secondary effect of reduction in plasma extravasation was delayed
      in animals given three insonations, this number of insonations being found to
      prolong the plasma extravasation phase.

PMID- 4035804
TI  - Microstreaming shear as a mechanism of cell death in Elodea leaves exposed to
      ultrasound.
AB  - The hypothesis that ultrasonically induced membrane damage and cell death in
      Elodea leaves is caused by shear stress associated with microstreaming flow
      generated in the vicinity of oscillating gas-filled channels between the cells is
      investigated. Cell death thresholds as a function of frequency seem to follow a
      condition of constant shear stress, with minimum thresholds near the resonance
      frequency of a gas-filled channel. Theoretical estimates of the shear stress
      generated within the cells at the ultrasonic intensity of the cell death
      threshold are in order of magnitude agreement with measurements of the shear
      stress required for lysis of blood cells. Furthermore, the dependence of the cell
      death thresholds on exposure duration seems to correspond roughly with the
      dependence of critical shear stress for blood cells as a function of the duration
      of the stress. Membrane damage induced by microstreaming shear stress therefore
      appears to be a plausible mechanism of cell death in Elodea, and a valuable
      unifying concept for consideration of bioeffects of ultrasonic cavitation.

PMID- 4035805
TI  - Effect of gaseous inclusions on the frequency dependence of ultrasonic
      attenuation in liver.
AB  - The greatest variation in published data of the attenuation of ultrasound in
      mammalian liver in vitro occurs at the lower end of the 0.5 to 7 MHz frequency
      range and gives rise to some departure from a linear or simple power law
      dependence of attenuation on frequency. These effects do not appear to be highly
      dependent on the method of measurement. It is suggested that they are due to a
      varying presence of small gas bubbles distributed throughout the tissue--a
      suggestion based on calculated estimates of the attenuation due to microscopic
      bubbles and on the measured frequency dependence of attenuation in water loaded
      sponges containing varying amounts and distribution of gas. We now believe that
      preferred methods of tissue specimen preparation, for in vitro measurement of
      ultrasonic attenuation or scattering, should involve either pressurization as
      described elsewhere (Frizzell et al., 1979) or storage under refrigeration.

PMID- 4035806
TI  - The propagation of Gaussian modulated pulses in dissipative and/or dispersive
      media such as tissue.
AB  - The interrogating pulse used in most conventional medical ultrasonic imaging
      systems can be approximated as a band-limited Gaussian modulated pulse. In this
      paper we analyze the propagation of such a pulse in an attenuating media such as
      tissue. We show that an initially Gaussian pulse retains its Gaussian shape
      during propagation provided that the medium has attenuation with a power-law
      dependence on frequency of between zero and two. That is, if the attenuation
      factor is e- alpha x, where alpha is the attenuation coefficient and x is the
      distance over which the pulse has traveled, then the pulse will remain Gaussian
      provided alpha = afp, where a is a constant, f is the frequency, and 0 less than
      p less than or equal to 2. This condition is certainly valid for soft tissue (p
      approximately 1) as well as for all other attenuating materials with which we are
      familiar. Although a Gaussian pulse retains its Gaussian shape in an attenuating
      media, it does suffer a shift in its mean frequency as well as a broadening in
      its shape. Here we also obtain analytical expressions relating the mean frequency
      shift and the pulse broadening to the attenuating properties of the medium. In
      contrast to other studies recently published in the literature, we consider
      propagation in a medium which has velocity dispersion as well as frequency
      dependent loss.

PMID- 4035807
TI  - Determination of the nonlinearity parameter B/A of biological media.
AB  - The nonlinearity parameter B/A has been determined for various biological
      solutions and soft tissues using the thermodynamic and finite amplitude methods.
      Agreement between the two methods is better than 10% for the tissues and 1% for
      the solutions. Fat has a B/A value around 11, the highest among soft tissues
      studied. Other soft tissues including liver, muscle, brain, and heart muscle have
      B/A values close to 7. Based on the observed linear relation between the B/A
      value and solute concentration in protein solutions, and also the lack of
      dependence of the B/A value on solute molecular weight in dextran solutions, it
      is postulated that the nonlinearity in these solutions is due to solute-solvent
      interactions. The general trend of increasing B/A value with specimen structural
      hierarchy suggests that the nonlinearity of biological materials is related to
      this feature. These observations suggest the use of the nonlinearity parameter
      B/A in tissue characterization, particularly since structural alteration often
      attends the pathological state.

PMID- 4035808
TI  - [Modified Schanz screws for the external fixator].
AB  - In order to make a comparison with conventional implants, our recently developed
      5/8 mm screws of Schanz were put in the lateral clamp of an external fixation
      unit applied to the femur. By using the modified 5/8 mm screws of Schanz, an
      increased stability and a reduced number of implants can be achieved. The results
      are not only applicable for the external fixation of the femur investigated by
      us, but also for unilateral fixation of the tibia.

PMID- 4035809
TI  - Report on research in strength, elasticity and impact resistance of the cervical
      vertebrae.
AB  - The essential part of the research lay in ascertaining the sort of forces
      damaging in an injury of the cervical vertebral column and the circumstances
      under which this can also lead to spinal cord injury. Further study was devoted
      to the assessment of the force with which a certain part of the cervical
      vertebral column resists the injuring forces and in what manner it contributes to
      the final state of injury. The results of this research made it possible to lay
      down the principles of prevention from as well as treatment of the cervical
      vertebral column and spinal cord injury.

PMID- 4035810
TI  - [Fractures of the metacarpal bones II to V--conservative and surgical treatment].
AB  - Fractures of the metacarpals II-V can normally be handled conservatively. After
      reposition under local anaesthetic plaster of Paris is applied for a duration of
      3 to 4 weeks. Open fractures usually with accompanying injuries, should be
      stabilized operatively. The functional results of conservative treatment are very
      good. Slight sidewards deviation of up to 1/3 of the width of the shaft and
      shortening of up to 6 mm don't interfere with good hand function. Palmar
      deviation of the distal fragment of up to 35 degrees following subcapitular
      fractures does not reduce hand function.

PMID- 4035811
TI  - [Late results following the surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures in
      adults].
AB  - In this paper late results of 65 proximal humeral fractures, operated upon
      between 1970 and 1980 are reported. Fractures were classified according to Neer
      in two-part-(28), three-part-(15), four-part-fractures (21) and fractures of the
      articular surface (1). In 34 cases internal fixation was performed by a T-plate.
      In 15 cases either open reduction without internal fixation or open reduction and
      minimal internal fixation was done using screws and K-wires. Primary prosthetic
      replacement of the head was done in 8 patients with four-part-fractures. The
      follow-up period ranged from 2.5 years up to 13 years with an average of 7 years.
      The functional results were excellent in 25 patients, good in 14, fair in 10 and
      poor in 16 patients. Better results were obtained in young patients, isolated
      shoulder injuries and patients with two- or three-part-fractures. On the contrary
      the results in aged and polytraumatized patients or patients with four-part
      fractures and fracture dislocations were less favourable. Avascular necrosis of
      the humeral head was encountered in 4 cases of four-part-fractures and fracture
      dislocations, 3 of them fixed by T-plate and 1 by minimal internal fixation. No
      case of avascular necrosis of the humeral head was encountered in two- or three
      part-fractures, fixed by T-plate. We can conclude, that cases, having a high risk
      for developing avascular necrosis of the humeral head, i.e. four-part-fractures
      and fracture dislocations, are better treated with minimal internal fixation
      avoiding the use of T-plate, for it was found to increase the already present
      damage.

PMID- 4035812
TI  - [Fractures in the elbow joint area in childhood and adolescence].
AB  - 73 cases of elbow joint fractures were treated in our Dep. of Paediatric surgery
      over a period of 10 years. Most of the fractures in the region of the distal
      humerus are localized at the ulnar epicondyle and the radial condyle. At the
      proximal forearm the radial head and the radial collum fractures are dominant in
      respect to olecranon fractures. Only two cases involved a comminuted fracture of
      the distal humerus. Due to the fact that only a small number of cases involving a
      fracture of the radial epicondyle after a luxation of the elbow were registered,
      it is possible that we paid no attention to this kind of fractures. An early
      functional therapy in the case of segmental fracture of the radial head must be
      emphasized among the 11 cases with a conservative treatment. Another 3 cases with
      a radial head fracture, type Judet III, should be mentioned, because they were
      treated without reposition but were spontaneously redressed. The operation
      procedure and the late results by 62 patients are discussed with the results of
      other examiners. As expected the comminuted fractures of the distal humerus and
      the radial head had a bad prognosis. Functional relevant dislocations were rare.
      Only in one case after a conservative treatment of a lateral condyle fracture a
      development of a valgus position with a pseudarthrosis after a secondary
      dislocation was observed. In more than 90% of our cases we could achieve a
      complete anatomical reposition with good to very good functional results.

PMID- 4035813
TI  - [The value of the Duopleet prosthesis for the treatment of femur neck fractures].
AB  - The clinical course of 68 patients with femoral neck fractures is reported.
      Fracture management was chosen regarding age and accompanying health defects.
      Fracture management, operation time, complications, mobilization results and
      hospitalization time is described, compared to other authors and discussed. The
      results favor the implantation of a Duopleet prosthesis as the salvage operation
      of choice for femoral neck fractures of old patients beyond 75. Other methods are
      considered to remain valuable with differentiated indication.

PMID- 4035814
TI  - [Secondary interventions following injuries of the upper ankle joint].
AB  - Fractures of the upper ankle joint require anatomic functional reposition and
      stabilisation in operative or conservative way. Prearthrotic alterations
      following inadequate treatment want secondary reconstructive measures in the
      early stages, whereas in manifest posttraumatic arthrosis you have to take
      arthrodesis as alternative treatment into consideration, which shows good results
      using nowadays reliable technics.

PMID- 4035815
TI  - [Complications in drug prevention of thromboembolism].
AB  - The possibility of complications during the thrombembolic prophylaxis with
      heparin-dihydroergotamine requests the observance of the application and the
      contraindications. The information of the patients and the continuous clinical
      control are absolutely necessary. The thrombembolic prophylaxis with less risk is
      given in a sufficient medication with Heparin in connection with early active
      exercising and correct positioning of the patient.

PMID- 4035816
TI  - EEG and evoked potential changes during gas- and liquid-breathing dives to 1000
      msw.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that compression in helium gas and compression without gas
      (hydrostatic compression) both produce the same neurological symptoms of high
      pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS), groups of 4 to 5 dogs were exposed to one of
      the following: (a) a 2-h surface control breathing He-O2 gas; (b) compression to
      700-1000 msw breathing He-O2 gas; (c) a 2-h liquid-breathing control [ventilation
      with warmed (38 degrees C), oxygenated fluorocarbon liquid, FC-80]; and (d) "near
      hydrostatic" compression to 700-1000 msw while being ventilated with liquid from
      a sealed reservoir. Power spectra obtained from scalp-recorded EEG signals
      revealed a significant compression-related shift of power from the normally
      dominant 5-8 Hz band to the 8-11 Hz band. This effect was greatest at 600 msw and
      occurred equally in both dive groups. At very high pressures (greater than 900
      msw) power in this 6-10 Hz range became reduced whereas 16-22 Hz activity
      increased as the EEG flattened. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were
      elicited by subdermal electrical stimulation in the foreleg (n = 120). The
      latency of P1 (approximately 31 ms) did not change in any group; transmission
      time to cortex was unaltered by time or pressure. However, the "late-wave" P4
      (approximately 250 ms) was slowed by 32-35 ms at 1000 msw in both groups (P less
      than 0.003 in He-O2). Since these main symptoms were provoked equally in both He
      O2 and FC-80 dive groups, helium pressure did not play a significant role in the
      etiology of HPNS in this animal model. It is concluded that the HPNS is primarily
      a result of excessive pressure per se or rate of change of pressure per se.

PMID- 4035817
TI  - Air and nitrox saturation decompression: a report of 4 schedules and 77 subjects.
AB  - Seventy-seven subjects were decompressed from air or nitrogen-oxygen (nitrox)
      saturation exposures at 18.3 to 40.2 meters sea water (msw) [60 to 132 feet sea
      water (fsw)] using four different decompression schedules. A h schedule for
      decompression from an air saturation-excursion profile at 18.3 msw (60 fsw)
      resulted in pain-only decompression sickness (DCS) symptoms in 2 of 23 subjects.
      A 32 and 35 h schedule from a different air saturation profile at 19.8 and 22.9
      msw (65 and 75 fsw), respectively, resulted in DCS symptoms in 1 of 24 subjects.
      A third and fourth schedule for air or nitrox saturation at 40.2 msw (132 fsw)
      resulted in DCS symptoms in 3 of 12 and 1 of 18, respectively. No serious (type
      II) symptoms were observed as a result of any of the decompressions. All DCS
      cases consisted of knee pain occurring either in the last 3 msw of the
      decompression or shortly after surfacing. Doppler ultrasound monitoring revealed
      venous gas emboli (VGE) in several subjects, but generally only shallow to 6.1
      msw (20 fsw). Results demonstrate an overall DCS incidence of 9%, and all cases
      were pain-only and localized to the knee. The third schedule (U.S. Navy heliox
      saturation decompression schedule) seems to produce a higher incidence of DCS
      than the other schedules when used in air or nitrox exposures. Differentiation
      between the schedules designed for nitrox was impossible due to the limited
      number of subjects in each and the variable nature of the exposures.

PMID- 4035818
TI  - Tissue distribution of penicillin during constant rate infusion in rats at 71
      ATA.
AB  - Benzyl[14C]penicillin was infused at a constant rate of 100 mg X kg-1 X h-1 for
      90 min in rats at 1 ATA air for the control group (n = 10) and at 71 ATA He-O2
      for the pressure group (n = 11). The radioactivity was measured in the arterial
      blood, brain, liver, kidney, muscle, and fat. The mean brain penicillin
      concentration after 90 min infusion was approximately 20% increased at 71 ATA (P
      less than 0.05), but the brain: blood concentration ratio was not significantly
      affected. The mean blood, liver, and muscle penicillin content was slightly
      higher and the mean kidney content was slightly lower at pressure, but no
      statistically significant changes were observed.

PMID- 4035819
TI  - Evaluation of oral problems in divers performing electrical welding and cutting
      under water.
AB  - A study of 118 professional commercial divers, using an inquiry form, revealed
      that 55% of the divers complained about a metallic taste in the mouth when
      working with electrical equipment under water. A nationwide clinical examination
      of 40 divers was performed to see if the metallic taste during work reflected any
      alteration in the oral cavity. The clinical appearance of the dental amalgam
      restorations differed significantly between divers who had been working with
      electrical equipment and divers who had not. A number of other dental indexes
      were assessed and showed no differences between the two groups. These included
      salivary secretion rate, buffering capacity, secondary caries, plaque index,
      bleeding index, and cultures of S. mutans and Lactobacillus. Relatively high
      levels of the two organisms were noted, indicating that the group of divers
      examined should be considered as a caries risk groups.

PMID- 4035820
TI  - Damage to the middle ear and the inner ear in underwater divers.
AB  - Postmortem human tissue from recently deceased divers was processed
      histologically to assess any inner and middle ear damage that could have resulted
      from the effects of pressure during diving. The following new findings are
      particularly noteworthy. In one diver, ascent while breath holding resulted in
      the rupture of the ear drum and blood in the middle ear, in addition to pulmonary
      barotrauma. In a second diver, following inner ear decompression sickness, new
      bone growth, similar to that described earlier in experimental studies with the
      squirrel monkey, was observed in the arms of one of the semicircular canals.
      These observations are further confirmation that otologic disorders can be a
      serious threat to divers.

PMID- 4035821
TI  - Thermal environmental monitoring of divers using a twelve channel multiplexing
      instrument.
AB  - A 12-channel temperature monitoring instrument designed for use by divers while
      immersed or within pressure chambers is described. Data are multiplexed at the
      diver and transmitted to the surface, bell, submarine, or chamber exterior
      through a two-core electrical cable. In the case of the immersed diver the cable
      may be incorporated into the diver's umbilical cable. Details of the method and
      special construction techniques used in the design of the diver-borne multiplexer
      are given. At the dive control station the 12 individual temperatures may be
      displayed in either digital or analogue format. The temperature data may also be
      stored on one track of a battery-powered magnetic tape recorder for subsequent
      off-line analysis.

PMID- 4035822
TI  - [Clinical observations on 76 children exposed to urea-formaldehyde insulation
      foam].

PMID- 4035823
TI  - [The influence of the lunar cycle on delivery].

PMID- 4035824
TI  - [The full moon, cosmic panacea or prehistoric prostaglandin].

PMID- 4035825
TI  - [Detection and scintigraphic evaluation of varicoceles using 99mTc-red blood
      cells: preliminary results].

PMID- 4035826
TI  - [Rapid detection of septicemia using a laser nephelometer].

PMID- 4035827
TI  - [Deinstitutionalization. 1].

PMID- 4035828
TI  - [Causes and prevention of complications in transurethral interventions.
      Interventions in the urethra].
AB  - The male urethra is extremely vulnerable because of the peculiar morphology. Many
      urethral lesions and their sequelae are due to the disproportion between the
      diameter of the urethra and the applied instrument. In order to adjust both
      calibers it is advisable to use an internal urethrotomy in stead of bougies.
      Complications which may be caused by catheterisation, and by the treatment of
      meatal stenosis or urethral strictures and how to avoid them are discussed. In
      spite of improvements in transurethral equipment and careful transurethral
      operative technique, perioperative prophylaxis with potent antibiotics, is
      recommended in order to prevent late complications due to infections.

PMID- 4035829
TI  - [Complication of ureterorenoscopy].
AB  - We describe failures and complications of ureterorenoscopy based on our own
      experience and the literature. There is usually no consequence when perforating
      the ureter--which happens in 10 per cent of the cases--if a splint or a
      percutaneous nephrostomy is applied. Ureteral rupture makes an open intervention
      necessary, but happens rarely. Since complications of ureterorenoscopy are rare
      and the rate of success very high, open operations on the ureter should become
      less frequent.

PMID- 4035830
TI  - [Controversial aspects of the genesis of megaureter].
AB  - The cause of congenital ureter dilatation as well as its nomenclature are
      controversial. The question arises as to whether there is a common denominator
      for this multiform syndrome. There are abundant possibilities of disturbance
      during the development of the ureter. The muscle coat of the developing fetal
      ureter reacts with an alteration of the wall structure. In view of the
      multiplicity of etiological factors which can affect the development of the
      ureter, a disturbance of intrauterine urinary drainage which is transient or
      permanent probably has a functional or mechanical basis. At any events, a
      subvesical obstruction, which may also be the cause, must be excluded.

PMID- 4035831
TI  - [Spermatogenesis in patients with traumatic transverse paralysis].
AB  - Testicular biopsies from 22 paraplegic men were studied by light and electron
      microscopy. The investigations of semithin sections by a special standardized
      method revealed that normal spermatogenesis occurred in only one patient, whereas
      in 21 patients severe disturbance of spermatogenesis was found. The germinal
      epithelium displayed a decrease of spermatogenic cells, an increase of
      degenerating cells, especially of spermatids, and a release of large groups of
      premature germ cells. Cross sectioned tubules often showed no patent lumina. As
      revealed by electron microscopical investigations the spermatids show
      malformations in most cases of the head and acrosome, rarely of the tail.
      Decreased spermatogenic activity occurred in various degrees in each of the 21
      men. There is no evidence that any specific form of spermatogenic disturbance
      exists typical of spinal cord injury. No obvious relationship was found between
      the degree of spermatogenic disturbance and duration or level of the spinal cord
      lesion or incidence of urinary tract infection.

PMID- 4035832
TI  - [Persistent microhematuria: localization of the source of bleeding by the
      evaluation of erythrocyte morphology].
AB  - Evaluation of erythrocyte morphology enables differentiation between renal
      parenchymatous and postrenal microhematuria. In case of renal erythrocyturia,
      further examination is carried out with a nephrologist following abridged
      urologic examination. If the erythrocytes in the urinary sediment are established
      as being unchanged (postrenal cause of bleeding), a complete urological check is
      carried out. Today, renal-parenchymatous erythrocyturia can be established with
      great certainty without a kidney biopsy.

PMID- 4035833
TI  - [Adrenal myelolipoma. Case report].
AB  - Adrenal myelolipomas (a. M.) are rarely occurring, benign, unilateral, hormonally
      inactive, mostly asymptomatic tumors of the adrenal cortex, consisting of fat
      cells and myeloid tissue. The pathogenesis is not clear. There is no connection
      with hematologic diseases, but a strikingly frequent coincidence with chronic
      systemic diseases and obesity. Myelolipomas of the presacral as well as in the
      mediastinal space are very rare. Case report of an adrenal myelolipoma removed by
      lumbotomy.

PMID- 4035834
TI  - [Fusion of an ectopic spleen with the left kidney. Preoperative diagnosis:
      adenocarcinoma of the kidney].
AB  - We report on the case of a left retroperitoneal accessory spleen with splenorenal
      fusion. Computed tomography demonstrated a solid mass arising from the left
      kidney and angiography revealed no abnormality, leading to the preoperative
      diagnosis of a poorly vascularized carcinoma of the kidney.

PMID- 4035835
TI  - Urachal carcinoma.
AB  - The clinical and morphologic features in 14 cases of urachal adenocarcinoma are
      reviewed. The disease occurred more frequently in men than in women. Seven
      patients (50%) remain alive and currently free of disease at periods ranging from
      fifteen months to ten years (median: 6 years). Neither the histologic appearance
      nor the differentiation of the tumor appeared to affect prognosis. It is
      concluded that the criteria previously recommended to establish the diagnosis of
      this rare malignancy were too restrictive.

PMID- 4035836
TI  - Priapism: etiology, treatment, and results in series of 35 presentations.
AB  - Of 35 cases of priapism a successful outcome with detumescence of the erection
      and preservation of potency was achieved in only 6 instances. Patients with
      sickle cell disease enjoyed a more optimistic outcome, and early presentation
      appeared to be the key factor. The different therapeutic approaches did not have
      great impact on the outcome, and we advise an initial conservative approach
      progressing to glans-cavernosa fistula creation and subsequently to cavernosum
      spongiosum shunting for patients failing to respond.

PMID- 4035837
TI  - Priapism: review of 34 cases.
AB  - One hundred ninety-seven cases of priapism have been recorded in the medical
      files of Charity Hospital Louisiana in New Orleans from 1938-1982. One hundred
      seventy-two adults and 25 children were registered in this series. Ninety-three
      per cent of the patients with priapism were black, and 86 patients of this group
      underwent 93 surgical procedures. The cases of 34 patients treated between July
      1, 1981, and December 31, 1982, were thoroughly reviewed. Sixteen patients had a
      previous history of priapism. Average delay between onset of symptoms and
      presentation to the hospital for treatment was thirty hours. Sickle cell screens
      were obtained in 28 patients and were positive in 17. Twenty-nine patients were
      initially treated conservatively, with 17 priapisms eventually resolving, but the
      remaining 12 patients required surgical intervention. Overall, 50 per cent of the
      34 patients had surgery. All of the surgical cases resolved satisfactorily with
      the Winter procedure. Complications with this procedure were uncommon, but
      postoperative bandaging was the chief cause of morbidity. Follow-up for at least
      six months revealed comparable sexual potency (80-83%) in either conservatively
      or surgically managed patients.

PMID- 4035838
TI  - Testosterone receptors in corpora cavernosa of penis.
AB  - Despite existing information that most impotent patients have normal serum
      testosterone, testosterone is still used frequently in the treatment of
      impotence. In 11 patients who underwent penile implantation, we measured the
      presence of testosterone receptors in the corpora cavernosa. An average value of
      1.82 fmol/mg of protein cytosol was found in this group of patients. This value
      is too low to obtain any significant improvement in erectile function following
      testosterone application. Testosterone hypogonadism will likely remain the only
      indication in which testosterone application might improve organically triggered
      impotence.

PMID- 4035839
TI  - Urolithiasis in acromegaly.
AB  - Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and hyperphosphatemia are common findings in
      acromegaly, yet there are only a few reports on the occurrence of urinary stones
      in these patients. We reviewed the files of 64 patients with acromegaly. A total
      of 8 patients had evidence of renal calculi: 4 patients underwent
      nephrolithotomy, 3 had stones which were seen on intravenous pyelography, and 1
      patient voided a stone. Moreover, 2 other patients suffered from recurrent
      typical episodes of renal colic. In view of the high incidence of urolithiasis in
      our series we believe that more attention should be paid to detection of urinary
      stones in acromegalics to avoid further complications and suffering.

PMID- 4035840
TI  - Results of radical cystectomy for primary bladder cancer. Retrospective study of
      more than 200 cases.
AB  - During a seven-year period 202 patients with primary bladder cancer had radical
      cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion. Lymph
      node metastases were found in 28.7 per cent. No significant differences in
      overall survival owing to age were apparent. Only extension and grade of
      histopathologic differentiation of the tumor proved to be an important prognostic
      factor. The five-year survival rates for pT1, pT2, pT3, and pT4 tumors were 76,
      56, 19, and 0 per cent, respectively. In patients with deep invasive (T3 and T4)
      tumors no significant differences of survival rate depending on N and M
      categories were found. Nevertheless in pT3 tumors the probability of remaining
      alive was significantly decreased in those patients with histologic grade 3
      compared with grade 2 tumors (P less than 0.01). The prognosis for patients
      submitted to radical cystectomy for bladder cancer has been classified as good:
      tumors confined to superficial muscle (pT1 and pT2); intermediate: tumors mildly
      differentiated infiltrating the deep muscle (pT3/G2); fairly poor: tumors
      undifferentiated infiltrating deep muscle (pT3/G3); and poor: adjacent invasive
      bladder tumors (pT4).

PMID- 4035841
TI  - Type of blunt renal injury rather than associated extravasation should determine
      treatment.
AB  - The significance of extravasation of dye during excretion urography in blunt
      renal injuries has been controversial, with some believing that extravasation,
      even if copious, is largely innocuous and characterized by spontaneous
      resolution, and others believing extravasation is an indication for surgical
      correction of the underlying blunt renal injury. Thirty-two patients with
      extravasation diagnosed on excretion urography after blunt external trauma were
      evaluated. Immediate surgical management of the renal injury was performed in 18
      patients who had a contusion in 1, laceration in 13, rupture in 3, and pedicle
      injury in 1, and averaged 2.0 associated injuries per patient. Conservative
      management of the renal injury was performed in 14 patients who averaged 1.1
      associated injuries per patient. Ten of the 14 patients had a large renal
      laceration splitting the kidney or disrupting a pole with extravasation and none
      settled to normal. The data showed that extravasation with a small laceration
      resolved spontaneously while extravasation with a major disruption of the kidney
      did not settle to normal.

PMID- 4035842
TI  - Epispadias: contending with continence.
AB  - Forty-seven patients with epispadias not associated with bladder exstrophy were
      treated at our institution over the last half decade. There were 8 female and 39
      male patients, 37 of whom had retrosymphyseal epispadias. Of the 20 male patients
      with subsymphyseal epispadias and incontinence 13 had a fair to excellent result.
      Of the 7 females with retrosymphyseal epispadias and incontinence, all but 1 came
      to urinary diversion. An analysis of our data suggests that premature operative
      intervention precludes obtaining maximal functional and cosmetic results. In
      addition, the discrepancy in our overall success rate utilizing a one-stage
      technique versus a staged procedure favored by others may support the latter.

PMID- 4035843
TI  - The child with solitary hydronephrotic kidney.
AB  - The child with solitary hydronephrotic kidney has a prognosis different from that
      of the child with hydronephrosis and a normal contralateral kidney. We have
      reviewed a decade of experience with 31 children with solitary hydronephrotic
      kidney and have identified characteristics that point to either a favorable or
      unfavorable prognosis in these children.

PMID- 4035844
TI  - Nonpsychotic genital self-mutilation.
AB  - The case of a sixty-four-year-old man who progressively created a penoscrotal
      hypospadias on himself is presented. Although genital self-mutilation is normally
      considered symptomatic of deep psychotic disturbance, the details and evaluation
      of this case would classify it as nonpsychotic, though unusual behavior.

PMID- 4035845
TI  - Seminoma and sarcoidosis: an unusual association.
AB  - A case is reported of the concurrent presentation of anaplastic seminoma and
      mediastinal sarcoidosis. This is an exceedingly rare synchronous appearance of
      both entities and requires meticulous staging prior to initiating definitive
      therapy.

PMID- 4035846
TI  - Aldosterone-producing gigantic adrenocortical adenoma with calcifications and
      cysts.

PMID- 4035847
TI  - Epididymal metastasis from prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - A case of epididymal metastasis from carcinoma of the prostate with an unusual
      presentation is reported. A review of the literature disclosed only 10 reported
      cases of this rare finding. A mechanism for the method of metastasis in this
      patient is proposed.

PMID- 4035848
TI  - How to deflate refractory balloon of a bladder catheter.

PMID- 4035849
TI  - Metastatic extraosseous myxoid chondrosarcoma of spermatic cord.
AB  - A patient with extraosseous myxoid chondrosarcoma arising from the spermatic cord
      had nine local recurrences and ultimately two metastatic lung lesions over an
      eleven-year-period from the time of diagnosis.

PMID- 4035850
TI  - Primary intrascrotal nontesticular schwannoma.
AB  - A supratesticular intrascrotal mass clinically mimicking a spermatocele was found
      to be a scrotal neoplasm histologically identified as a schwannoma. We herein
      present the first case of intrascrotal schwannoma to our knowledge.

PMID- 4035851
TI  - Fibrosarcoma of epididymis.
AB  - We present a case of fibrosarcoma of the epididymis occurring in a sixty-year-old
      man. While review of the literature has failed to determine an exact number of
      such cases reported, we believe the number is small. We discuss the treatment
      options and prognosis for these patients.

PMID- 4035852
TI  - Case profile: massive bladder retention in a female.

PMID- 4035853
TI  - Emphysematous renal and perirenal infection in nondiabetic patient.
AB  - Emphysematous renal infection is a severe, rare complication of urinary tract
      infection associated with gas production, which frequently causes renal
      destruction and has a high mortality rate. It is termed emphysematous pyelitis
      when gas is confined to the collecting system, or emphysematous pyelonephritis if
      it also involves the parenchyma with or without the perirenal space. Only 7 cases
      of perirenal emphysema have been described previously; all were in diabetics.
      Here we present a rare case of gas-producing renal infection in the collecting
      system and perirenal tissues, in a nondiabetic patient, and discuss the
      management of the various types of emphysematous renal infections.

PMID- 4035854
TI  - Simultaneous registration of sleep-stages and bladder activity in enuresis.
AB  - A combined monitoring of sleep stages and bladder activity for the evaluation of
      enuresis is on trial. Polygraphic recordings in 7 patients, comprising the
      preliminary material, have shown single-event bladder contractions without
      forewarning or changes in sleep stages. A volume dependency of the enuresis
      episodes seems so far to be a major mechanism.

PMID- 4035855
TI  - Retrograde pyelography using resectoscope.

PMID- 4035856
TI  - Stress cause of prostatitis.

PMID- 4035857
TI  - Vacuum cleaner injury to penis.

PMID- 4035858
TI  - [Episcleral venous pressure in primary glaucoma, ocular hypertension and in
      patients with hypertension].

PMID- 4035859
TI  - [Late results and outflow routes following the operation of
      iridocycloretraction].

PMID- 4035860
TI  - [Effect of the nature of matching margins of cataract incisions on the formation
      of postoperative astigmatism].

PMID- 4035861
TI  - [Microsurgery for extracapsular cataract extraction using an aspiration
      irrigation system].

PMID- 4035862
TI  - [Device for aspiration and irrigation of the crystalline lens mass in
      extracapsular cataract extraction].

PMID- 4035863
TI  - [State of the corneal endothelium in patients with cataracts of different
      etiology].

PMID- 4035864
TI  - [Pathogenetic approach to the treatment of posttraumatic subatrophy of the eye].

PMID- 4035865
TI  - [Theory of the pathogenetic relation of hydrophthalmia with open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 4035866
TI  - [Possibilities of using the CO2-laser in plastic surgery of the eyelids].

PMID- 4035867
TI  - [Treatment of hypoxic conditions of the cornea].

PMID- 4035868
TI  - [Selenium content and glutathione peroxidase activity in human eye tissues in
      diabetes].

PMID- 4035870
TI  - [Genesis and evolution of amiodarone keratopathy].

PMID- 4035869
TI  - [Reaction of the conjunctival and retinal vessels to the administration of
      vasodilators to patients with vascular disorders of the fundus oculi].

PMID- 4035871
TI  - [Nonsurgical method of treating chalazion in pediatric ophthalmological
      practice].

PMID- 4035872
TI  - [Experimental validation of the use of idoxuridine magnetophoresis in herpesvirus
      eye infections].

PMID- 4035873
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of cataracts in children with hereditary metabolic
      disorders].

PMID- 4035874
TI  - [Conjunctival smears in preparation for ophthalmologic operations].

PMID- 4035875
TI  - [Device for demagnetizing microsurgical instruments].

PMID- 4035876
TI  - [Effect of methodological aids for self instruction on the initial level of
      knowledge of students].

PMID- 4035877
TI  - [Lens disorders in workers in electrolytic shops].

PMID- 4035878
TI  - [Case of treatment of keratitis caused by Pseudomonas pyocyanea and complicated
      by candidiasis].

PMID- 4035879
TI  - [Screening method for early detection of glaucoma].

PMID- 4035880
TI  - [Case of penetrating wound to the eye from a fishhook].

PMID- 4035881
TI  - [Comparative studies of the efficacy of laser therapy of common and
      pseudoexfoliative primary open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 4035882
TI  - [World physicians for prevention of nuclear war].

PMID- 4035883
TI  - [Use of brain stem auditory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of retrocochlear
      pathology].

PMID- 4035884
TI  - [State of the bulbar conjunctival vessels in patients with acute neurosensory
      hearing disorders].

PMID- 4035885
TI  - [Subjective and objective tinnitus in brain diseases and their differentiation
      from peripheral tinnitus].

PMID- 4035886
TI  - [Social rehabilitation of patients in the late period after surgery for an
      otogenic brain abscess].

PMID- 4035887
TI  - [Topographic-anatomic interrelations of structures of the brain and the
      trepanation auricular cavity].

PMID- 4035888
TI  - [Visual motor coordination test in the differential diagnosis of Meniere's
      disease].

PMID- 4035889
TI  - [Role of biochemical, coagulative and rheologic changes in the blood in the
      pathogenesis of acute neurosensory hearing disorders].

PMID- 4035890
TI  - [State of the mucociliary apparatus in chronic dust-induced bronchitis].

PMID- 4035891
TI  - [Laser therapy of inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 4035892
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of cancer of the laryngeal ventricles and efficacy of
      different methods of treatment].

PMID- 4035893
TI  - [Surgical tactics in ENT diseases in patients with hemophilia].

PMID- 4035894
TI  - [Relation of occupational diseases of the upper respiratory tract to changes in
      local immunity indices].

PMID- 4035896
TI  - [Chronic purulent otitis media complicated by an extensive phlegmon of the neck].

PMID- 4035895
TI  - [Evaluation of sensitization to staphylococcus by determining indices of
      neutrophil damage by new allergenic preparations].

PMID- 4035897
TI  - [Rare case of otogenic sepsis].

PMID- 4035898
TI  - [Traumatic cholesteatoma of the temporal region complicated by a brain abscess].

PMID- 4035899
TI  - [Glioma of the nasal cavity].

PMID- 4035900
TI  - [Gunshot wound of the neck complicated by mediastinitis and hemorrhage].

PMID- 4035901
TI  - [Pneumosinus of the frontal sinus].

PMID- 4035903
TI  - [Acute cerebrovascular disorder simulating a foreign body in the throat].

PMID- 4035902
TI  - [Neurinoma of the root of the tongue].

PMID- 4035904
TI  - [Course of otomycosis in the Republic of Bangladesh].

PMID- 4035905
TI  - [Lymphangiomas of the omentum in children].
AB  - The authors observed 40 patients with lymphangiomas, 8 cases with omentum
      lymphangioma included. The clinical course and treatment are described. Long-term
      results are good.

PMID- 4035906
TI  - [Causes of recurrence of congenital clubfoot in children and indications for
      surgical treatment].
AB  - Unsatisfactory results of the conservative treatment of club foot deformity in
      220 patients (346 feet) were analyzed. Data of roentgenograms in 86 patients
      enabled the authors to make a conclusion that an early cause of recurrent club
      foot is the delayed formation of nuclei of ossification of the navicular and I
      sphenoid bones, the later cause of the recurrent deformity is early synostosis of
      the epiphysis of the metatarsal bone. The importance of dispensary observation ad
      prophylactic measures after the treatment of congenital club foot is emphasized.

PMID- 4035907
TI  - [Allogeneic tendoplasty in surgery of the locomotor system].
AB  - Allogenic tendotransplants were used in the treatment of different lesions and
      diseases of the locomotor apparatus in 410 patients. Good anatomical and
      functional results were obtained in 84% of the patients. Unsatisfactory results
      were noted in 7% of cases. The method of preservation of allogenic tendons had no
      influence upon the results.

PMID- 4035908
TI  - [Use of propolis in the treatment of local suppurative infection].
AB  - Experience with the treatment of 460 patients with panaritium, abscesses,
      phlegmons, infectious wounds have shown that propolis is an expedient remedy (in
      additional to the the routine treatment). They have shown the stimulating,
      antiinflammatory and anti-microbial action of propolis.

PMID- 4035909
TI  - [Synovial cysts of the fingers and toes].

PMID- 4035910
TI  - [Tactics in the surgical treatment of nodular euthyroid goiter].
AB  - Based upon the experience with the treatment of 2759 patients the authors have
      established indications for surgery for nodular neoplasms of the thyroid since
      cancer can develop in the guise of or parallel with them. Such patients must be
      examined and operated upon under conditions of specialized hospitals. Grounds for
      indications for local and general anesthesia are given as well as for
      intrafascial resection of the thyroid as the operation of choice for nodular
      forms of euthyroid goiter.

PMID- 4035911
TI  - [Operative technic in nodular goiter and cancer of the thyroid].
AB  - Based on the literature data and personal experience the author recommends the
      extrafascial technique of operation in cases with thyroid cancer. In nodular and
      polynodular goiters a subfascial operation is necessary since it prevents many
      complications.

PMID- 4035913
TI  - [A tendon conductor].

PMID- 4035912
TI  - [Reinforcing a large intestine anastomosis with a flap from the gastric wall].

PMID- 4035914
TI  - [Use of a metal ball in operative cholangiography].

PMID- 4035915
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with injuries of the major
      blood vessels].

PMID- 4035916
TI  - [Catheterization of the subclavian vein complicated by thrombosis and
      thrombophlebitis].

PMID- 4035917
TI  - [Rare complication after removal of the catheter from the subclavian vein].

PMID- 4035918
TI  - [Methods of preoperative and operative prevention of thromboembolic complications
      of intra-atrial thrombosis].
AB  - Methods of preoperative and operative prophylactics of thromboembolic
      complications in patients with mitral stenosis complicated by intraatrial
      thrombosis are described. In a group of patients given anticoagulants during a
      month as preoperative preparation there was a six times decreased amount of
      thromboembolic complications in the nearest postoperative period. The
      anticoagulant treatment is thought to be effective when applied continuously (no
      less than 3-4 weeks); no complications due to anticoagulant therapy were noted.

PMID- 4035919
TI  - [Thoracoscopy in nonspecific spontaneous and iatrogenic pneumothorax].
AB  - Thoracoscopy was used in 92 patients. The etiology of pneumothorax was
      established in 76 patients. In most of them the treatment was effective. Suture
      of the pleura and lung defect, pleurodesis, pleurectomy, coagulation of tissues
      were performed under the control of thoracoscope. Thoracoscopy allowed to avoid
      extensive thoracotomy, to shorten the period of treatment at the hospital.

PMID- 4035920
TI  - [Transthoracic intrapulmonary administration of antibiotics with an injector in
      the treatment of acute pneumonia].

PMID- 4035921
TI  - [Effectiveness of the conservative treatment of patients with cicatricial
      stricture of the esophagus of different durations].
AB  - High efficiency and safety of bougieurage of the oesophagus with a metallic cord
      is shown. Conservative treatment of the postburn narrowing of the oesophagus
      associated with preventive bougieurage proved to be highly effective in patients
      admitted to the hospital with an early stage of the disease. There were no lethal
      outcomes. The continuous purposeful complex treatment of patients with cicatrical
      narrowing of the oesophagus is recommended during 1,5-2 years after burn.

PMID- 4035922
TI  - [Motor-emptying function of the stomach at different periods after truncal
      vagotomy with antrumectomy in complicated duodenal ulcer].
AB  - The paper is devoted to analysis of results of the investigation of the motor
      evacuatory function of the stomach at different terms after truncal vagotomy with
      antrumectomy in patients with complicated duodenal ulcers. Postvagotomy
      gastrostasis was shown to be twice more frequent after antral resection with
      anastomosis by Billroth-I than by billroth-II. Truncal vagotomy with antrumectomy
      is not recommended for patients with duodenal ulcers complicated by decompensated
      stenosis. Gastric resection is thought to be the operation of choice in such
      cases.

PMID- 4035923
TI  - [Various aspects of preoperative diagnosis and treatment of patients with
      mechanical jaundice and hepatic insufficiency].
AB  - Treatment of 265 patients with mechanical jaundice is analyzed. From the first
      day all the patients were given the intensive infusion treatment in order to
      reduce intoxication, hepatic insufficiency and to prepare for operation. In 88
      patients the complex of diagnostic and curative measures included sorption
      methods (hemosorption and lymphosorption). It allowed to make the exact diagnosis
      within the first 2-3 days, to determine the level of biliary block, intoxication
      degree and severity of hepatic insufficiency. The patients were prepared for
      operation within 7 days which gave better results and made the treatment 10-12
      days shorter.

PMID- 4035924
TI  - [Method of surgical treatment of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia].
AB  - In 200 operations of partial shunts of the small intestine in patients with
      hyperlipoproteinemia the authors have used their modification of the technique of
      partial ileoshunts in patients with normal weight and jejuno-ileoshunts in
      patients with morbid obesity. The modification has considerably reduced the
      amount of postoperative complications. The authors recommend using the procedure
      at the hospitals dealing with problems of metabolic surgery.

PMID- 4035925
TI  - [Subtotal colectomy in the treatment of intestinal obstruction in cancer of the
      left half of the colon].
AB  - Eleven cases of acute obstructing carcinoma of the left colon were treated by
      emergency subtotal colectomy with immediate ileocolorectal anastomosis. The
      procedure of on-table closed antegrade preparation of the small bowel has been
      developed by the authors preventing the anastomosis incompetence. In all cases
      during postoperative treatment the long-tube decompression, enteral tube feeding
      and HBO were used. Two patients died. In five cases non-fatal postoperative
      complications have developed. Further research is recommended for more careful
      selection of patients for the procedure.

PMID- 4035926
TI  - [Surgical treatment of diffuse polyposis of the large intestine].
AB  - A technique of the operation developed by the authors for patients with diffuse
      polyposis of the colon is described. A new method of total colectomy is proposed
      including removal of the rectum mucosa and the endorectal loop ileoanal
      anastomosis and simultaneous creation of the small intestine reservoir
      (operations on 2 patients) and a new method of creation of the small intestine
      reservoir (operations on 7 patients). Good functional results were obtained. Six
      eight months after operation the patients had stools 1-6 times a day. In none of
      5 men operated upon impotence has developed.

PMID- 4035927
TI  - [Treatment of gangrene of the lower limbs in diabetes mellitus].
AB  - In 54 patients with diabetic gangrenes of lower extremities the complex treatment
      was used aimed at changing moist gangrene into dry one, decreased intoxication,
      normalization of carbohydrate metabolism and improvement of tissue trophicity. In
      18 patients the complex of curative measures included the antiinflammatory
      roentgen therapy. The efficiency of the treatment used was noted, the percentage
      of amputation re-reduced to 25,9%. The level of immune complexes became normal in
      the favorable course of the disease.

PMID- 4035928
TI  - [Endovascular embolization of the hepatic artery in hemobilia complicated by
      acute stomach ulcers].

PMID- 4035929
TI  - [Cystoid pneumatosis of the intestine].

PMID- 4035930
TI  - [Ectopic tissue of the pancreas in the major duodenal papilla].

PMID- 4035931
TI  - [Multiple aneurysms of the splenic artery].

PMID- 4035932
TI  - [Hemostatic reactions during operations on brain tumors].

PMID- 4035933
TI  - [Clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of thoraco-abdominal injuries].
AB  - High incidence of diagnostic errors in thoracoabdominal wounds is due to the
      critical state of the patients, insufficient clinical examination and
      underestimation of localization of the wound hole. Errors in diagnosis result in
      the incorrect sequence of surgical procedures, time loss during the arrest of
      bleeding, use of traumatic operative accesses.

PMID- 4035934
TI  - [Clinico-lymphographic classification of post-traumatic edema].
AB  - The article generalizes the experience with diagnosis of disturbances of the
      lymph flow in 133 patients with edema after extremity traumas. On the basis of
      clinico-lymphographic examinations a classification of posttraumatic edemas is
      proposed facilitating the selection of the method for treatment of such patients.

PMID- 4035935
TI  - [Late secondary hemorrhage complicated by cardial arrest].

PMID- 4035936
TI  - [Plaster bandage in fracture of the clavicle].

PMID- 4035937
TI  - [Incarcerated diaphragmatic hernias in children].
AB  - Results of the treatment of 19 children aged from 1,5 months to 8 years with
      different forms of hiatal hernias are analyzed. Specific features of the clinico
      roentgenological picture of the disease is described with special reference to
      the child's age and type of hernia. Methods of the surgical treatment are
      proposed.

PMID- 4035938
TI  - [Surgical treatment of vasorenal hypertension in children and adolescents].
AB  - Problems of the surgical treatment of vasorenal hypertension in children are
      elucidated as well as types of reconstruction of the renal arteries, indications
      and contra-indications for surgery. Results of 34 operations fulfilled for
      fibromuscular lesions of the renal arteries in 32 patients and causes of
      reoperations and resection of the organs are analyzed.

PMID- 4035939
TI  - Pathology of an ulcerative dermatitis in Belgian Landrace sows.
AB  - Chronic ulcers of the skin were observed in three Belgian Landrace sows. Lesions
      were located on ears, limbs, and in the mammary region and were resistant to
      treatment that included corticosteroid therapy. Major histologic changes were
      located at the dermo-epidermal junction. Ulcers were deep, and the adjacent
      epidermis had marked hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and intracellular edema.
      Dermatitis was prominent, essentially located in the superficial dermis. By
      electron microscopy, basal lamina appeared disrupted. Dermo-epidermal separation
      occurred beneath the basal lamina. Collagen was morphologically normal.
      Desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and anchorage fibers were present in areas adjacent
      to lesions. Ulcerative dermatitis of sows is morphologically similar to
      pemphigus, pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, epidermolysis bullosa
      simplex, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and drug eruption.
      However, significant differences exist between ulcerative dermatitis and these
      conditions.

PMID- 4035940
TI  - Microfilarial granulomas in the spleens of wild-caught cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca
      fascicularis).
AB  - Splenic nodules from 38 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) which were
      captured in Malaysia and Indonesia were studied histologically. The lesions were
      characterized by well-circumscribed focal fibrosis, accumulation of eosinophils
      and histiocytes, hemorrhage or hemosiderosis, and loss of normal splenic
      architecture. Small arteries in the lesion frequently had intimal thickening and
      narrowing of the lumen in addition to the presence of microfilariae.
      Microfilariae were also seen in the extravascular area of the lesion, and were
      occasionally engulfed by multinucleated giant cells. The splenic lesion was
      thought to have been initiated by incomplete infarction caused by intimal
      thickening and microfilarial occupation of the small arteries.

PMID- 4035941
TI  - Pelger-Huet anomaly in cats.
AB  - Pelger-Huet anomaly was diagnosed in a young male cat on the basis of persistent
      nuclear hyposegmentation of blood granulocytes, absence of clinical disease or
      feline leukemia virus infection, and demonstration of genetic transmission of the
      anomaly. Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes had significantly
      less nuclear segmentation when compared to similar leukocyte types from a control
      cat. On smears of bone marrow, megakaryocytes also appeared hyposegmented. A test
      mating with an unaffected queen produced a litter of five kittens (three males,
      two females). One male and one female kitten had the Pelger-Huet trait on
      examination of blood smears. Autosomal dominant transmission of this anomaly is
      suspected based on these findings.

PMID- 4035943
TI  - Experimental onion-induced hemolytic anemia in dogs.
AB  - Within one day following a single oral dose of dehydrated onions, dogs were found
      to have large numbers of Heinz bodies within erythrocytes. The percentage of
      erythrocytes that contained Heinz bodies increased slightly to a maximum on day 3
      and then declined. The turbidity index increased more gradually with a maximal
      value on day 4. Erythrocytes with hemoglobin contracted to one side of the cell
      (eccentrocytes) also appeared after onion feeding. Eccentrocytes are believed to
      result from a direct injury to the erythrocyte membrane. As with Heinz body
      containing cells, the percentages of eccentrocytes present declined as anemia
      developed. The packed cell volume began to decrease one day after onion
      administration. A mean decrease of 19 percentage points was reached by day 5. The
      most anemic dogs had evidence of intravascular hemolysis. Reticulocytosis was
      first observed five days after onion administration. A slight increase in
      methemoglobin content was measured four hours after onion administration. No
      significant changes in erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentration were
      measured. Transient neutrophilia occurred concomitant with the peak reticulocyte
      response.

PMID- 4035942
TI  - Functional and biochemical characterization of immunologically derived equine
      platelet-activating factor.
AB  - Antigen-specific challenge of equine leukocytes induced the non-lytic release of
      a platelet-activating factor in vitro. The equine platelet-activating factor
      stimulated the release of serotonin from equine platelets in a dose-responsive
      manner, independent of the presence of cyclo-oxygenase pathway inhibitors such as
      indomethacin. Rabbit platelets were also responsive to equine platelet-activating
      factor. The release of equine platelet-activating factor was a rapid reaction
      with near maximal secretion taking place in 30 seconds. Addition of equine
      platelet-activating factor to washed equine platelets stimulated platelet
      aggregation which could not be inhibited by the presence of aspirin or
      indomethacin. Platelets pre-incubated with equine platelet-activating factor
      became specifically desensitized to equine platelet-activating factor while
      remaining responsive to other platelet stimuli such as collagen and epinephrine.
      The following biochemical properties of equine platelet-activating factor are
      identical to those properties of 1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3
      phosphorylcholine (AGEPC): stability upon exposure to air and acid; loss of
      functional activity after base-catalyzed methanolysis with subsequent acylation
      that returned all functional activity; and identical relative mobilities on
      silica gel G plates developed with chloroform:methanol:water (65:35:6,
      volume/volume). The combined functional and biochemical characteristics of equine
      platelet-activating factor strongly suggest identity between this naturally
      occurring, immunologically derived equine factor and AGEPC.

PMID- 4035944
TI  - Myelopoiesis and marrow adherent cells in estradiol-treated mice.
AB  - Myelopoiesis and marrow adherent cells were evaluated in C57Bl/6J mice at two and
      four weeks after treatment with 0.1 mg 17 beta-estradiol cyclopentylpropionate.
      Estradiol-treated mice were lymphopenic and eosinopenic at two and four weeks; in
      addition, neutropenia occurred at four weeks. Numbers of lymphoid, granulocytic,
      and erythroid cells were decreased in the marrow at two and four weeks. The
      numbers of granulocyte-macrophage and fibroblast colony-forming units in the
      humeral marrow were also decreased at two and four weeks. However, the
      hematopoietic ability of marrow adherent cells was unchanged in estradiol-treated
      mice. Thymic cortical atrophy, metaphyseal osteosclerosis, and neutrophilic
      infiltration of the uterus occurred in estradiol-treated mice.

PMID- 4035945
TI  - Enhanced myotoxicity and involvement of both type I and II fibers in monensin
      tiamulin toxicosis in pigs.
AB  - Simultaneous administration of monensin and tiamulin to pigs resulted in enhanced
      myotoxicity. Skeletal muscles of tongue, diaphragm and legs were preferentially
      affected, whereas the masseter, longissimus thoracis and cardiac muscles,
      including the left auricle, were spared. Histochemical examination revealed an
      involvement of both type I and II fibers of skeletal muscles.

PMID- 4035946
TI  - Meningeal hemangioma and renal hamartoma in a heifer.

PMID- 4035947
TI  - Renal fibroma in four dogs.

PMID- 4035948
TI  - Sodium in health and disease: a comparative review with emphasis on herbivores.
AB  - This review aims to illustrate the relationships between a number of basic and
      clinical aspects of sodium metabolism with special emphasis on herbivores,
      particularly ruminants. These animals provide a challenge to some traditional
      views based essentially on humans, dogs and laboratory rats reared on liberal
      sodium intakes. Detailed attention is focussed on two central issues; the
      magnitude of sodium requirement and the relative importance of the kidney and the
      gut in regulating body sodium. Both provide strong reasons to question accepted
      beliefs.

PMID- 4035949
TI  - Establishment of the tropical dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, in a house in
      London.

PMID- 4035950
TI  - Diffuse gangrene of the hindlimb associated with umbilicus infection in a calf.

PMID- 4035951
TI  - Employment of veterinary surgeons by local authorities in England and Wales.

PMID- 4035952
TI  - Dog destruction in Northern Ireland.

PMID- 4035953
TI  - Anal surgery.

PMID- 4035954
TI  - Stunting syndrome of broilers.

PMID- 4035955
TI  - Pediatric exposure to the houseplant Synadenium grantii.

PMID- 4035956
TI  - An indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of antibodies to Clostridium
      chauvoei.
AB  - An indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test using sonicated extract as the antigen
      was developed for the detection of antibodies to Clostridium chauvoei. This
      antigen can be adsorbed onto glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep red blood cells treated
      with tannic acid and can be destroyed by trypsin and heat treatment. It
      corresponded well with the flagella of the organism, when analyzed by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the gel diffusion test. No
      serological cross-reactivity was found in the IHA test when the antigen was
      tested against 4 species of clostridial antibodies. Our results suggest that the
      IHA test mainly detects antibodies against the flagella of C. chauvoei.

PMID- 4035957
TI  - Properties of an Australian isolate of bovine parvovirus type 1.
AB  - An Australian bovine parvovirus isolate (BPV 267) was found to haemagglutinate
      human, guinea-pig, rat and dog erythrocytes, out of a range of 16 species of
      erythrocyte tested. The haemagglutinating activity was generally found to be both
      pH and temperature dependent. The virus was found to replicate best in intestinal
      epithelium, macrophage and lung cells, out of 9 bovine cell types tested. Highest
      yields of virus were obtained by the use of selected cell strains at low-passage
      levels which were maintained near neutral pH under conditions of high rates of
      cell growth. Studies of the rates of thermal inactivation with time showed the
      virus to be relatively stable at 37 degrees C, 56 degrees C and 70 degrees C, the
      incorporation of serum proteins, 1 M MgCl2 and 2 M NaCl in the medium having no
      influence on stability at 56 degrees C. The virus was resistant to the action of
      CHCl3, ether and 1% trypsin, and its replication was inhibited by BUDR, this
      effect being reversed by thymidine. Actinomycin D was found to inhibit virus
      replication, but only when applied during the first 8 h post-infection. Density
      gradient studies showed infective virus to have a density of 1.41 g cm-3;
      haemagglutinating non-infective virus with defective morphology having a density
      of 1.31 g cm-3. In addition, a proportion of morphologically-complete
      haemagglutinating, but non-infective virus particles was found at a density of
      1.36 g cm-3. The virus proved to have a mean diameter of 22 nm.

PMID- 4035959
TI  - Detection of staphylo-coagulase using plasmas from various animals.
AB  - The effect of sources of Staphylococcus aureus and plasmas, concentration of
      plasma, temperature and duration of incubation on coagulase-test results was
      evaluated. Using S. aureus strains of food origin, the value of plasmas in
      coagulase tests was, in order of superiority, human and rabbit greater than pig
      greater than donkey greater than chicken greater than cattle greater than duck
      greater than goat greater than dog. However, with staphylococcal isolates of
      animal origin the order was cattle greater than pig greater than human greater
      than duck greater than goat greater than dog greater than rabbit greater than
      chicken greater than donkey. Regardless of the source of staphylococci, horse
      plasma was found unsuitable in coagulase tests as it clotted spontaneously. The
      temperature (25 and 37 degrees C), and duration of incubation and type of
      anticoagulant had no significant (P greater than 0.05, X2) effect on coagulase
      test results. It is concluded that in testing staphylococcal isolates from
      various sources for coagulase production, it is imperative to use plasmas from
      several animal species whenever practicable as staphylococcal biotypes display
      variable ability to coagulate different plasmas.

PMID- 4035958
TI  - Survival of Corynebacterium renale, Corynebacterium pilosum and Corynebacterium
      cystitidis in soil.
AB  - Survival of the causative agents of bovine pyelonephritis, Corynebacterium
      renale, C. pilosum and C. cystitidis, was examined at 30 degrees C in autoclaved
      soil. In the soil from a paddock, C. renale and C. cystitidis survived for 56 and
      63 days, respectively, and C. pilosum for a longer period of at least 210 days.
      In soil from a pasture, sand from an athletic field and sea sand, the survival of
      these bacteria was of shorter duration.

PMID- 4035960
TI  - [Role of the medical school in military-patriotic education of the younger
      generation of Soviet physicians].

PMID- 4035961
TI  - [Changes in the skeletal system in primary biliary liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 4035962
TI  - [Myelography using amipaque in the diagnosis of diseases and injuries of the
      spinal cord and spine].

PMID- 4035963
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of spinal cord tumors].

PMID- 4035964
TI  - [Roentgenometric and microroentgenographic evaluation of regional osteoporosis in
      a non-load-bearing extremity (experimental data)].

PMID- 4035965
TI  - [Primary bone manifestations of lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 4035966
TI  - [Intraosseous nodes (ganglia)].

PMID- 4035967
TI  - [Role of skull x-rays in the differential diagnosis of small intrasellar
      pituitary tumors].

PMID- 4035968
TI  - [Value of serial angiography in the differential diagnosis of pigmented
      villonodular synovitis].

PMID- 4035970
TI  - [Training of medical school students in roentgenoradiology].

PMID- 4035969
TI  - [Angiographic diagnosis of impotence].

PMID- 4035971
TI  - [Shielding the head of children in x-ray studies].

PMID- 4035972
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of osteopoikilosis].

PMID- 4035973
TI  - [Case of intrarenal aneurysm of a congenital solitary left kidney].

PMID- 4035974
TI  - [Thyroid lymphography with water-soluble agents in the diagnosis of thyroiditis].

PMID- 4035976
TI  - The effects of serum on the in vitro adherence and maturation of bovine
      monocytes.
AB  - Serum concentration was found to affect both the initial adherence and subsequent
      in vitro maturation of bovine monocytes. Bovine monocytes cultured in the absence
      of serum remained small and reduced in number, whereas monocytes cultured in an
      adequate concentration of either autologous adult bovine or fetal bovine serum
      developed into large macrophage-like cells. Heat inactivation (56 degrees C for
      30 minutes) did not affect the ability of bovine sera to promote monocyte
      maturation in vitro.

PMID- 4035975
TI  - Mitogenic responses of baboon (Papio cynocephalus) peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells. A possible role for monocytes.
AB  - Removal of carbonyl iron-adherent/phagocytic cells from baboon peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells generally resulted in a depressed blastogenic response to both
      pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A. In the majority of cases, no alteration in
      dose requirement nor shift in kinetics was apparent. Staining for peroxidase
      activity indicated a reduced proportion of monocytes in the population of cells
      treated with iron. Therefore, the results of this study strongly suggest a
      potentiating role for monocytes in lectin stimulation of baboon lymphocytes.

PMID- 4035977
TI  - Isolation of porcine, canine and feline IgG by affinity chromatography using
      protein A.
AB  - Isolation of porcine, canine and feline IgG has hitherto been achieved usually by
      DEAE-ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. These procedures, however,
      are rather time-consuming, as they involve purification of IgG. Isolation of IgG
      by affinity chromatography on a column of protein A-Sepharose was attempted. IgG
      of all three animal species was very easily isolated with a high yield. In the
      absence of any other method that allows isolation of IgG of three animal species
      from a single column, the procedure proposed would be very useful.

PMID- 4035978
TI  - The role of antibody in protection against African swine fever virus.
AB  - Intraperitoneal immunization of pigs with anti-African swine fever virus (ASFV)
      antibody protected them against the effects of challenge with ASFV. This
      protection, which was exemplified by a reduction in pyrexia and viraemia plus an
      increased survival time, appeared to be mediated through the effects of
      complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity (CDAC) or antibody dependent
      cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Experiments suggested that the reduction in
      viraemia was associated with complement lysis whereas protection was conferred by
      ADCC.

PMID- 4035979
TI  - Serum neutralization of cytotoxin from Pasteurella haemolytica, serotype 1 and
      resistance to experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis.
AB  - Sera from several groups of experimental calves were tested for cytotoxin
      neutralizing capacity. The relationship between this capability and resistance of
      the animals to an experimental challenge was examined. All undiluted bovine sera
      tested, other than fetal bovine serum, neutralized cytotoxin. Preadsorption of
      selected sera with formalin-killed P. haemolytica did not reduce their
      neutralizing capacity. Crude IgG fractions extracted from bovine sera retained
      neutralizing capacity as well. Cytotoxin neutralization titers were determined by
      serial dilution of sera from cattle which were previously unexposed, naturally
      exposed, or exposed by vaccination to the organism. Both live and killed vaccines
      were used. Prior exposure to live organisms resulted in the production of
      antibodies to both cell surface antigens and cytotoxin, whereas exposure to the
      killed vaccine resulted in the production of antibodies primarily to cell surface
      antigens. Resistance to experimental challenge with the organism correlated
      directly with serum cytotoxin neutralizing titers.

PMID- 4035980
TI  - The immune reactivity of the regional and distant lymph nodes to autochthonous
      ovine squamous cell carcinomata.
AB  - Anti-tumor immune reactivity of lymphocytes derived from lymph nodes regional to
      and distant from tumor growth, as well as that of peripheral blood leucocytes,
      against autochthonous tumor cells, was investigated. Experiments were carried out
      in vitro using a 51Cr cytotoxic assay and in vivo by cannulating the afferent and
      efferent lymphatics of regional and distant lymph nodes and challenging via the
      afferent lymphatics with 10(7) cultivated autochthonous tumor cells. No anti
      tumor cytotoxic reactivity was detected in vitro using lymphocytes derived from
      any of the sources studied. In vivo, while challenge with autochthonous tumor
      cells produced no response in the regional lymph node, significant blast cell
      response was obtained in the distant node. The response at the distant node was
      associated with the production of antibodies that could bind to tumor cells
      without causing their demise. The anergy observed at the regional lymph node, and
      the possibility of a relation between the events occurring at that node and those
      observed at the distant node, are discussed.

PMID- 4035981
TI  - Phagocytosis of erythrocyte membranes (white ghosts) from different species by
      the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - Autologous and heterologous erythrocyte membranes (white ghosts) - suspended in a
      perfusion medium free of immunoglobulins, proteins and hemoglobin - were offered
      for phagocytosis to isolated perfused livers of different rat strains. The
      mononuclear phagocyte system of the liver was able to phagocytize these membranes
      without opsonization. An immunological reaction between Kupffer cells and red
      cell membranes cannot be excluded, since autologous cell membranes are
      phagocytized at a higher rate than heterologous cell membranes.

PMID- 4035982
TI  - A sequential broncho-alveolar washing in non-anaesthetized normal bovines: method
      and preliminary results.
AB  - The method of lung lavage under fiberoptic control allowed collection of alveolar
      cells in non-anaesthetized adult cows. The median section of the diaphragmatic
      lobe was lavaged with five consecutive aliquots of 30 ml each. Every one was
      analysed separately. A mean of 25.6% of instilled fluid was recovered and this is
      lower than amounts obtained on isolated lungs or in anaesthetized calves (about
      50%). The cellular formula of 30 samples showed 83.5% of macrophages, 6.0% of
      lymphocytes, 9.4% of polymorphonuclear cells, 0.5% of monocytes. Cellular
      viability and total cell count were similar to previously published data. All
      results were found to be independent of the washing sequence. This simple and
      well tolerated technique appeared to be a useful tool for the study of defence
      mechanisms of deep lung.

PMID- 4035983
TI  - Preliminary study on the use of a silver oxide watch battery (1.5 V) for
      electrical enhancement of bone healing.
AB  - A totally implantable watch battery (1.5 V) having 2 cathodes connected with 2
      cortical screws of an osteosynthesis plate and one anode in the adjacent tissues
      gave positive results when used for enhancement of healing in experimentally
      fractured model.

PMID- 4035984
TI  - [Use of a concentrated and purified vaccine against chlamydial abortion in
      sheep].
AB  - Attempts were made to immunize sheep against chlamydial abortion with a purified,
      concentrated, and absorbed vaccine. The latter proved innocuous and unreactive,
      and was applied at rates of 0.5 to 1.00 cm3. It was found that at a single
      vaccination of the sheep with 0.5 cm3 as many as 91.42 per cent responded with
      the production of antichlamydial complement-fixing antibodies on the 45th day of
      1:8 to 1:512 titers; 96.43 per cent of the animals responded on the 111th day,
      the titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:256. At twofold vaccination on the 1st and the
      45th day with 0.5 and 1.00 cm3 vaccine, respectively, 100% of the sheep showed
      antibodies on the 111th day, the titers being within the 1:16 to 1:256 range
      49.69 per cent showed antibodies on the 260th day within the 1:4 to 1:512 range.
      No abortions, stillbirths, and birth of underdeveloped lambs were seen.

PMID- 4035985
TI  - [Effect of levamisole on white mice and on the immunological reactivity of guinea
      pigs].
AB  - Investigations were carried out on the protective action of therapeutic doses of
      levamisole (Pharmachim) on mice with a LD100 Salmonella gallinarum infection.
      Studied was also the effect of levamisole on the immunologic response of guinea
      pigs infected with Salmonella cholerae suis. It was found that therapeutic
      amounts of 3 mg/kg levamisole applied to mice following respective patterns
      protected them against a lethal dose of S. gallinarum. The animals showed
      enhanced resistance to the infection--20 to 50 per cent of them survived as
      against 100 per cent mortality with the controls. The guinea pigs showed upon
      treatment with levamisole certain changes with some of the factors of unspecific
      response--enhanced phagocytic and lysozyme activity as judged by the development
      of infection with a S. cholerae suis culture. At the same time the agglutinin
      titer that substantiated the immunologic response was negligibly changed as
      compared to the controls. On the base of the results obtained an attempt was made
      to elucidate the mechanism of the protective action of levamisole.

PMID- 4035986
TI  - [Microorganisms of the fam. Micrococcaceae in the production and storage of
      prepackaged veal].
AB  - Studies were carried out on the numbers and composition of organisms belonging to
      family Micrococcaceae in the production and storing of calf meat on a dressing
      combine supplied with modern equipment. Investigated were a total of 60 samples
      taken from small cuts of veal of the various carcass parts. The samples were
      packed either under vacuum or without such, and were studied immediately after
      cutting in small parts or after storing for 48 and 72 hours at 4 to 6 degrees C.
      It was found that the amount of Micrococcaceae organisms on the surface of cut
      meat packed out or in vacuum was within the range of 10(3) up to 10(4)/g, and it
      was shown to be in close relation to the microbial contamination of the initial
      raw material. There was no rise of the numbers of micrococci and staphylococci of
      veal that was cut and packed out of vacuum and kept for 48 hours at 4 to 6
      degrees C. At refrigerator storing of veal that was packed under vacuum there was
      no increase in the microbial numbers at the 72nd hour. This pointed to the
      advantage of using the introduced technology of packing the meat under vacuum.
      Micrococcus luteus (56.7%), Micrococcus varians (41.8%), and Staphylococcus
      saprophyticus (1.5%) were isolated from cuts of veal packed both in and out of
      vacuum. No pathogenic staphylococci were found.

PMID- 4035987
TI  - [Morphological changes in the genitalia of culled sheep].
AB  - Morphologic studies were carried out on the genital organs of a total of 102
      culled ewes in a postestrous season. In some 44.12 per cent there were clearly
      manifested gross lesions. Endometritis forms accounted for a highest percent-
      13.7, followed by uterus pigmentation--12.75 per cent, and hypoplasia of the
      uterus--11.76 per cent. Histologically, the ovaries presented yellow body cysts-
      13.00 per cent, follicular cysts--6 per cent, and chronic salpingitis with
      hydrosalpinx--19 per cent.

PMID- 4035988
TI  - [Effect of prolonged concentrate feeding on the digestibility and utilization of
      feed in weaned lambs].
AB  - Two series of balance experiments were carried out by the end of the 2nd and 4th
      month with a total of 18 weaned lambs divided into three test groups. In the
      course of 150 days first group animals were offered daily 1200-1500 g of
      concentrate pellets for the first and second experiment. The lambs of the second
      group were given 1200-1500 g of concentrate pellets and 300 g chopped wheat
      straw, and those of the third group were given 800 and 1050 g each of concentrate
      pellets, and 540 g and 720 g of pellets of whole maize plant containing 40 per
      cent. Determined is the digestibility of feedstuffs at the end of the 2nd and 4th
      month. Studied were the values of pH and the content of ammonia gas and volatile
      fatty acids, the total acidity, and the count of Infusoria in the rumen content.
      It was found that continuous feeding of high amounts of concentrates produced a
      negative effect on the fermentative processes in the rumen, reliably lowering the
      values of pH, ammonia gas, and the total count of Infusoria and reliably raising
      the amount of volatile fatty acids and the total acidity of the rumen content.
      Affected was also the digestibility of crude fibers and mineral nutrients. Lowest
      digestibility of nutrient matter was shown by lambs fed on rations that included
      concentrate pellets of whole maize plants. It was demonstrated that the
      continuous intake of high-concentrate rations in which roughage was chopped to 2
      mm particles and the amount of crude fibers was lowered to 5.29; 9.6; and 10.8
      per cent of the dry matter led to latent metabolic acidosis. The latter could not
      prevented by the inclusion of 300 g chopped wheat straw and 540 and 720 g of
      pellets of whole maize plant.

PMID- 4035989
TI  - [Effect of feeding on fertility].

PMID- 4035990
TI  - [Immunoprophylaxis of listeriosis in sheep with a killed vaccine].
AB  - Experiments were carried out with 20 young ewes, 20 rabbits, 20 guinea pigs, and
      10000 sheep and lambs, using a killed vaccine of Listeria 1 and 4c with heat
      under the protection of antidenaturation agents. Bacteriologic, histologic, and
      histochemical investigations and lung macrophage cultures were used to establish
      the changes in untreated, vaccinated, and challenged vaccinated animals. Listeria
      organisms from the challenged animals were isolated in sporadic cases from the
      barin and viscera, while from untreated and infected animals such organisms were
      isolated during the entire period of investigation. The use of cultures
      demonstrated the part played by cell immunity as early as the 3rd to 7th day
      following vaccination. It was found that the vaccine inhibited the development of
      pathologic lesions of intoxication in the body and led to the immunologic rebuild
      of animals. The vaccination of both sheep and lambs in herds with listeriosis
      suppressed the disease and the mortality thereof.

PMID- 4035991
TI  - [Changes in the blood indices of turkey poults experimentally infected with
      Eimeria adenoides].
AB  - Studied were the changes in the values of sodium, potassium, chlorides, calcium,
      phosphorus, iron, and copper in the blood plasma as well as in that of
      hemoglobin, hematocrit, and the total count of blood cells in turkey poults
      experimentally infected with Eimeria adenoeides. The birds were divided into
      three groups of 40 each. The first and second were infected with various numbers
      of sporulated oocysts, while the third group was kept as a control one. It was
      found that Na, chlorides, Ca, P, and Fe were lowered, and K and Cu were increased
      over the same period. The total blood cell count and the hematocrit rose on the
      4th and 5th day following infection, while they dropped on the 6th to the eighth
      day. The same was true of hemoglobin values.

PMID- 4035992
TI  - [Enterohepatic cycle of bile acids and erythrocyte survival].
AB  - A comparative analysis is made of the correlation between the life of
      erythrocytes in various species of animals and some parameters of the gallbladder
      and its secretion. Due attention is paid to the presence of the bladder, its
      size, and the concentration and intensity of secretion as well as to the effect
      of the various bile components on the surface tension of water, the water
      solution of salts, and the erythrocyte membrane. It is believed that both the
      composition of bile and the structure of erythrocyte membrane are homeostatically
      determined. It has been found that the mechanism of aging, resp., the preparation
      of the phagocytosis of erythrocytes proceeds as acted upon by the bile secretion,
      and that this process runs its course through the enterohepatic cycle of bile
      acids in the portal circulation.

PMID- 4035993
TI  - [Pathogenic role of O. venulosum in lambs].
AB  - Studied was the effect of an experimental infection of lambs with 1000 and 4000
      larvae of Oesophagostomum venulosum on the activity of some more important serum
      enzymes, the level of sulfhydryl groups, and the level of sugar. It was found
      that the activity of glutamic acid oxal-acetate transaminase and lactic acid
      dehydrogenase rose, and that of alkaline phosphatase dropped. At 4000 larvae the
      level of glutamic acid pyruvate transaminase rose. The concentration of blood
      sugar dropped. There was also a drop of the SH groups. It was best manifested
      from the first to the third week following infection. In the fourth week the
      level of the total and residual SH groups showed a trend toward coming back to
      normal, however, the initial values were not reached.

PMID- 4035994
TI  - [Method of demonstrating and determining glyphosate in biological matter].
AB  - A method was worked out for the extraction of glyphosate from plant and biologic
      material originating from experimentally treated terrains, animals, and birds.
      The 'sensitivity' of a number of developers was comparatively studied--used
      either alone or in combination, choosing the most effective one. It was found
      that the most proper mobile phase consisted of ethanol : ammonia gas : distilled
      water in a 1:1:1 ratio and a 0.3 per cent alcohol solution of ninhydrin with a
      following heating in a kiln at 105 degrees C in the course of 3 to 5 min, with a
      use of aluminium plaques (Merck production). It is concluded that the method
      could be employed in all labs as it is highly specific (0.0004 mg glyphosate) and
      does not require special apparatus.

PMID- 4035995
TI  - [Morphological and biochemical changes in the blood of lambs with experimental
      Erysipelothrix polyarthritis].
AB  - Polyarthritis was induced in lambs via the i/v infection with 2 cm3 of 24-hour
      Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae broth culture, which led to distinctive morphologic
      and biochemical changes in the peripheral blood. The hemoglobin content, the
      erythrocyte count, and the hematocrit value dropped, while ESR rose with the
      development of the infection process. The white blood picture presented transient
      and slight drop of the leukocyte count followed by leukocytosis with shifting to
      the left, aneosinophilia, lympho- and monopenia in the acute stage, and well
      manifested eosinophilia in the chronic stage of the infection. The changes in the
      total protein and the protein fractions consisted in hypoproteinemia in the first
      days following infection, hypoalbuminemia during the entire period, and
      hyperproteinemia and hypergammaglobulinemia in the chronic stage. The changes in
      the blood electrolites consisted in the rise of Ca and K, the drop of Na, and
      transient changes in the level of P, tending toward a rise in the chronic stage.
      It was also established that the values of sialic acid were raised in the entire
      period of polyarthritis development, while those of aspartate aminotransferase
      and alanine aminotransferase were higher in the first seven-day period only.

PMID- 4035996
TI  - [Changes in the ECG telemetry of lambs infected with Cysticercus ovis].
AB  - Six lambs were experimentally infected with Cysticercus ovis. Some changes were
      followed up in the ECG by means of the radiotelemetric method. The infection
      process led to the following more important changes, such as sinus tachicardia
      and arhythmia, auricular fibrilation, sinoauricular block, atrial dissociation,
      the incidence of a pathologic Q deflection; lowering of the R deflection
      amplitude, and inversion of the T wave. It was found that the changes referred to
      persist for a longer period (in the case of infarction), and could be made use of
      in dispensary studies.

PMID- 4035997
TI  - [Production of enterotoxins A, B and C in staphylococcal strains isolated from
      animal food products and other sources].
AB  - Studies were carried out on the production of enterotoxins A, B, and C by a total
      of 654 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Of these, 326 were isolated from food
      products of animal origin (and had no connection with intoxications); 190 were
      isolated from personnel working in the food industry; and 138 were isolated from
      milk animals, containers, and equipment at productional enterprises. Thirty
      strains of S. epidermidis, isolated from food products and workers were likewise
      tested for the production of the same enterotoxins. The enterotoxins were
      obtained by the modified method of Hallander, and their demonstration was
      performed by a variant technique of the double gel diffusion test after
      Ouchterlony. It was found that the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from
      food products produced enterotoxins in 12.3 per cent of the cases; was found in
      6.1% of the strains, C--in 3.1%, and B--in 2.5%. Types A and C were found
      simultaneously in 0.6% of the strains. Enterotoxins were found in 16.6% of the
      strains isolated from workers and in 1.7% of those isolated from the udder of
      cows. The incidence of toxin production and the relative share of the three types
      of enterotoxins depended on the origin of staphylococci and their capacity to
      produce them in amounts that could be demonstrated by the methods employed. Under
      optimal conditions the amounts varied: for strains that produced type A they
      ranged from 1 to 20 micrograms/cm3; for those that produced type B they were from
      1 up to 100 micrograms/cm3; and for those that produced type C they were from 1
      to 40 micrograms/cm3. No production of enterotoxins A, B, and C was established
      with S. epidermidis strains.

PMID- 4035998
TI  - [Microbiological research on the production and storage of fast-frozen
      semiproducts].
AB  - Studies were carried out to find the sources of microbiologic contamination, and
      the quantitative and qualitative composition of microflora and its changes
      following various periods of storing of rapidly frozen meat-balls obtained under
      productional conditions. The investigations were performed with regard to the
      total count of aerobic organisms, coli forms, staphylococci, sulfite-reducing
      Clostridia, Salmonellae, and moulds. It was established that the machines,
      equipment, units, and package had no effect on the bacteriologic contamination of
      meat-balls. Storage at--18 degrees C in the course of six months had no effect
      whatever on the residual microflora and the organoleptic indices of this product.
      It is stated that the standard requirements concerning the total numbers of
      anaerobic mesophilic organisms should not exceed 5 X 10(3)/g at a coli titer of
      1.0.

PMID- 4035999
TI  - [Amino acid composition of white poultry meat contaminated with psychrophilic
      microorganisms].
AB  - Studied was the effect of psychrophilic organisms of the Acinetobacter,
      Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, and Flavobacter genera on the amino acid composition of
      white poultry meat stored at 0 degrees to 4 degrees C in the course of 48 hours,
      and at 18 degrees C in the course of 6 to 12 months. The quantitative
      determination of individual amino acids was carried out by means of an automatic
      amino acid analyzer, Hitachi type, after the method of Speckman, Stein, and
      Moore. No changes were established in the amino acid composition of white poultry
      meat that was treated with psychrophilic organisms as against the composition of
      untreated meat. Proteins preserved their biologic value.

PMID- 4036000
TI  - [Experimental deratization on a commercial swine-breeding farm].
AB  - Continuous eighth-month deratization was carried out on an industrial swine
      breeding complex, having great numbers of the black rat (R. rattus).
      Anticoagulants were chiefly used, maintaining permanent sites of poisonous baits.
      The lowering of rat numbers was followed up at two-month intervals in the
      individual productional sectors. Some indices were determined, such as
      intensiveness, extensiveness, and effectiveness. It was found that each of these
      indices characterized particular aspects of the deratization process on the
      complex as a whole and in the various sectors. A suggestion is made to use all
      indices in combination in assessing the effect of deratization on such complexes,
      particularly when due attention is to be paid to the epizootic importance of
      deratization. With regard to the economic effect it has been established that
      even with uninterrupted process of deratization for a long period of time on the
      entire area of a swine breeding complex this measure is economically expedient.
      Great amounts of valuable feed are economized owing to the lower number of
      rodents.

PMID- 4036001
TI  - [Methodological problems in researching chemical substances for their
      embryotoxic, teratogenic, hypotrophic and gonadotoxic action on agricultural
      animals].
AB  - The methodical problems in the study of chemicals with toxic, teratogenic,
      hypotrophic, and gonadotoxic effects on farm animals are tackled for the first
      time. With lab animals some new methodical interpretations are introduced in
      studying these chemical aftereffects with regard to farm animals. Determined has
      been the most sensitive animal species which can be used in such investigations.
      With sows it is suggested to perform cesarean section on the 50th or 80th day
      from the beginning of pregnancy, and not on the 1st or 2nd day prior to
      farrowing. With sheep the same is to be done on the 60th or 90th day. A method is
      also to be employed concerning a two-step successive castration with one and same
      animal. It makes it possible to follow up the dynamic of the effect of chemicals
      on the sexual function and the response of the germinative tissue in the
      processes of adaptation, compensation, and compensatory hyperfunction and
      hypertrophy.

PMID- 4036002
TI  - Immunological investigations in inbred mice chronically infected with
      cytopathogenic agents isolated from human cases of Balkan endemic nephropathy.
AB  - An experimental chronic infection was induced in inbred A2G and CBA mice by
      repeated administration of four cytopathogenic agents isolated from human cases
      of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). The slight humoral and cell-mediated immune
      responses to the BEN agents recorded in A2G mice were associated with
      autoimmunity and hypersensitivity phenomena. In contrast, the normal, intense
      immune response observed in CBA mice was not accompanied by any
      immunopathological changes. In both mouse lines the chronic infection with human
      BEN agents led to a secondary immune deficiency against sheep red blood cells or
      tuberculin.

PMID- 4036003
TI  - Efficiency of the NIVGRIP inactivated influenza vaccine applied by oral route:
      evaluation in a community of pre-school children in the period 1981-84.
AB  - The NIVGRIP inactivated influenza vaccine prepared in the "Stefan S. Nicolau"
      Institute of Virology was administered by oral route to 3-6-year-old children of
      a preschool community in October 1981, 1982 and 1983. There were no cases of
      acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in the community in the winter seasons
      of 1981-82, 1982-83 and 1983-84, with the exception of 3 ARTI cases recorded in
      February 1982 in unvaccinated children. In a similar community where no
      vaccination had been performed morbidity by ARTI was of 20% in 1982-83 and 12.6%
      in 1983-84. The efficiency and the advantages of oral influenza vaccination are
      outlined.

PMID- 4036004
TI  - The effect of an aqueous horse-radish extract, applied as such or in association
      with caffeine, on experimental influenza in mice.
AB  - An aqueous horse-radish extract was repeatedly administered to mice by intranasal
      (i.n.) route prior to i.n. inoculation of influenza virus A/PR8/34 (H1N1). The
      antiviral effect of the extract--also demonstrated in vitro--was reflected by a
      significant decrease in the hemagglutination titers recorded in mouse lung
      homogenates and by a slight increase in the mean survival time of treated mice
      versus untreated controls. Association of horse-radish extract with caffeine led
      to a synergic effect only as regards the mortality rate.

PMID- 4036005
TI  - Evolution of the A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/83 (H5N2) influenza virus.
AB  - The epidemiological features of the H5N2 outbreak of influenza in poultry were
      studied by sequencing the HA genes of several viruses isolated during the
      epidemic. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the HA genes indicated there
      was a single introduction of virulent virus. The variation rate (silent
      mutations) in the HA gene of the virulent Ck/Penn virus was 9.0 or 14.4% per 10
      years depending on the viruses compared and was similar to that in H3 HA gene of
      human influenza A virus. The virulent and avirulent viruses isolated after
      October 1983 were derived from a common ancestoral virus and the virulent virus
      did not supersede the avirulent virus, instead, the virulent and avirulent
      viruses coexisted and evolved separately during the course of the epidemic. The
      evolutionary changes in the HA of H5N2 viruses that occurred during the epidemic
      permitted us to establish that a virus (A/Chick/Washington/84) that was isolated
      8 months after the last H5N2 virus had been isolated from poultry in Pennsylvania
      belonged to the family of potentially dangerous H5N2 viruses and was a direct
      descendent of the virus that spread to Maryland and Virginia. All of the virulent
      Ck/Penn viruses retained the amino acid changes at residues 13 and 69 in the HA.

PMID- 4036006
TI  - Thermal stability of cowpea mosaic virus components: differential scanning
      calorimetry studies.
AB  - Differential scanning calorimetry studies show that the thermal stability of
      cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is pH dependent in the pH range 5 to 8. The four
      different components of CPMV, top (protein shell devoid of RNA), middle (virus
      particle containing the smaller RNA), bottom upper and bottom lower (virus
      particle containing the larger RNA), are stable up to 64-70 degrees at pH 5.0 and
      up to 43-46 degrees at pH 8.25. These components did not exhibit any difference
      in their thermal stability between pH 6.0 and 8.0.

PMID- 4036007
TI  - Virulent mutants of bacteriophage phi80.
AB  - We have characterized a collection of 11 phi80 mutants that develop in wild-type
      lysogenic hosts ("virulent" phenotype). All these carry gross DNA rearrangements
      affecting the right arm of the phi80 chromosome. Our results are consistent with
      the notion that phi80 development is negatively controlled by the ineA gene
      product, encoded by one of a cluster of genes (phi80 immunity) located between
      the phi80 replication and recombination genes. We describe and assign positions
      for ineA and other genes within the immunity region.

PMID- 4036008
TI  - [Toxic effects of isoprenaline on embryonic heart muscle--the effect of beta
      blockers and calcium antagonists].

PMID- 4036009
TI  - [Use of desmopressin (DDAVP) in the detection of decreased fibrinolytic capacity
      in persons with idiopathic venous thrombosis and myocardial infarct at a young
      age].

PMID- 4036010
TI  - [Surgical treatment of post-infarct aneurysms of the left ventricle of the
      heart].

PMID- 4036011
TI  - [Long-term experience with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation].

PMID- 4036012
TI  - [15-year study of the pre-hospital phase in acute myocardial infarct in the Most
      District].

PMID- 4036013
TI  - [Angina pectoris in women of reproductive age].

PMID- 4036014
TI  - [Treatment of resistant, recurrent paroxysmal tachycardias-- contribution of
      amiodarone].

PMID- 4036015
TI  - [Reduction of the calcium level in bones in ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4036016
TI  - [Changes in renal excretion of amino acids in patients after portasystemic
      anastomoses].

PMID- 4036017
TI  - [Deviations in cholesterol metabolism as a risk factor in patients with chronic
      glomerulonephritis and with polycystic kidney].

PMID- 4036018
TI  - [Experimental chronic pulmonary hypertension in laboratory animals].

PMID- 4036019
TI  - [Antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy and microbiological findings].

PMID- 4036020
TI  - [Relation of apolipoproteins, lipoproteins and lipids in a fat loading test].

PMID- 4036021
TI  - [The dipyridamole test. Its place in the functional diagnosis of coronary
      insufficiency].

PMID- 4036022
TI  - [Is the administration of nifedipine to asthmatics without danger?].

PMID- 4036023
TI  - [Ketoconazole in the prevention of mycotic complications during cytostatic
      treatment of leukemias and lymphomas].

PMID- 4036024
TI  - [Systemic amyloidosis associated with plasmacytoma. I. Present etiopathogenic
      findings].

PMID- 4036025
TI  - [Medical and social problems in the care of diabetics--results of a study of 269
      patients].

PMID- 4036026
TI  - [Preparation of a prothrombin complex concentrate (use of DEAE-cellulose and DEAE
      sephadex)].

PMID- 4036027
TI  - [Diagnosis of diabetes and evaluation of the oral glucose tolerance test
      according to the recommendations of the World Health Association, 1980].

PMID- 4036028
TI  - [Congenital heart defects in adulthood].

PMID- 4036029
TI  - [Post-exertional electromapping in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4036030
TI  - [The composition of skeletal muscle--an important factor in the pathogenesis of
      obesity in men].

PMID- 4036031
TI  - [The HLA system and changes in thyroid hormones in patients].

PMID- 4036032
TI  - [Use of the single-dimension echocardiographic examination (a scan) in the
      diagnosis of thyroid gland diseases. Comparison with scintigraphic and puncture
      findings].

PMID- 4036033
TI  - [The relation of HLA to disease. What is the most reliable way to determine its
      significance?].

PMID- 4036034
TI  - [At the present level of anticoagulation therapy with Pelentan, is it possible to
      expect effective prevention of thromboembolism?].

PMID- 4036035
TI  - [Treatment of ulcer disease using H2 antihistaminics].

PMID- 4036036
TI  - [Philosophical bases of the study of normal clinical values].

PMID- 4036037
TI  - [Organization and methods of conducting a special medical tactical exercise with
      the regimental medical aid station].

PMID- 4036038
TI  - [Characteristics of the medical support for small units in field exercises and
      operations in a mountainous desert area].

PMID- 4036039
TI  - [Hospital infection].

PMID- 4036041
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in combined therapy of viral hepatitis].

PMID- 4036040
TI  - [Therapeutic effectiveness of correcting potassium metabolism in acute poisoning
      by organophosphorus compounds].

PMID- 4036042
TI  - [Ethical norms and deontological principles in conducting a health inspection].

PMID- 4036043
TI  - [Use of a method for self-evaluation of a pilot's psychophysiological status in
      prolonged flight].

PMID- 4036045
TI  - [Let us improve preventive and therapeutic diagnostic work].

PMID- 4036044
TI  - [Effect of a motor regimen on the physical work capacity of sailors during the
      postcruise rest period].

PMID- 4036046
TI  - [Use of adaptation to the conditions of medium-height mountains as a means of
      secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4036047
TI  - [Hemocoagulation status during the use of drug hydroaeroionization in the complex
      treatment of patients with transient cerebrovascular disorders].

PMID- 4036048
TI  - [Use of the method of electromyographic feedback with an assessment of the pull
      of an individual muscle in the early rehabilitation of patients with flaccid
      paralysis].

PMID- 4036049
TI  - [State of the neuromuscular system in patients with scoliosis during adaptation
      and complex sanatorium-health resort treatment].

PMID- 4036051
TI  - [Efficacy of health resort treatment of secondary infertility following tubal
      pregnancy].

PMID- 4036050
TI  - [Effect of balneotherapy on the functional state of the cardiopulmonary system in
      children with scoliosis].

PMID- 4036052
TI  - [Experimental study of the activity of the myometrium as affected by mineral
      waters].

PMID- 4036053
TI  - [Therapeutic gymnastics, massage and self-massage in dermatological practice].

PMID- 4036054
TI  - [Composition and properties of mineral waters in storage].

PMID- 4036055
TI  - [Theories of the reflex mechanism of action of physical factors and functional
      systems of the body].

PMID- 4036056
TI  - [Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory action of lipids from therapeutic mud
      silts].

PMID- 4036057
TI  - [Change in immunity indices in patients with nonspecific aorto-arteritis as
      affected by RF-therapy].

PMID- 4036058
TI  - [Effect of vitamin E electrophoresis on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system
      of the blood in patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4036060
TI  - [Staged treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis at a health resort with
      sulfide waters].

PMID- 4036059
TI  - [Use of dry-air radon baths at the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation of patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4036062
TI  - [Methods for improving the process of teaching physiotherapy in the internal
      medicine department].

PMID- 4036061
TI  - [Determination of the nature of vascular reactions to the action of helium-neon
      laser radiation using an otorheographic method].

PMID- 4036063
TI  - [Use of physical factors in the late postoperative period after surgical
      treatment of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4036064
TI  - [Work of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic
      Radiation].

PMID- 4036065
TI  - [Neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) skin cancer. Electron microscopic study].
AB  - The study is concerned with the results of light and electron microscopic
      examination of 2 cases of neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the skin.
      Both patients developed multiple widely-distributed intra- and subcutaneous
      nodules. Histologically, tumors were mostly trabecular. Electron microscopic
      examination revealed neuroendocrine secretory granules, small bundles of
      intermediate fibers, a well-defined Golgi complex and a relatively high level of
      vesicular structures. There were some basal membrane fragments. It is suggested
      that they originate from polypotential epithelial stem cells.

PMID- 4036066
TI  - [Value of thyroid lymphography in diagnosing thyroid cancer].
AB  - The results of thyroidlymphography carried out in 122 patients with thyroid
      cancer and 82 cases of benign tumor were analysed. Reliable thyroidlymphographic
      criteria of malignancy were established on the basis of a comparison of
      roentgenomorphologic and statistical findings. The significance of the said
      criteria for making timely diagnosis of cancer with concomitant adenomatosis and
      chronic thyroiditis is discussed.

PMID- 4036067
TI  - [Amplification of nucleotide sequences homologous to the viral myc oncogene in
      DNA of colonic mucosa in a patient with cancer of the same location].
AB  - Genomic DNA of intact colonic mucosa obtained from a female patient suffering
      colonic cancer revealed amplified nucleotide sequences (multiple copies) related
      to viral myc oncogene. The study failed to detect amplification in tumor.
      Causation and pathways of the event are discussed.

PMID- 4036068
TI  - [Modifying effect of thyroid gland functional disorders on realization of
      transplacental carcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosomethylurea in rats].
AB  - The paper discusses the influence of deranged function of the thyroid (in
      postnatal period) on the transplacental carcinogenic effect of N
      nitrosomethylurea (NMU) in albino noninbred rats. It was found that exogenous
      thyroxin-induced hyperthyroidism and thyroid function suppression either by long
      term treatment with a thyreostatic agent--methylthiouracil (MTU) or thyroidectomy
      are followed by a lower frequency of, chiefly, nervous system tumors which are
      typical of NMU-induced transplacental carcinogenesis in rats. Moreover,
      transplacental treatment with NMU potentiated the carcinogenic effect of MTU on
      the thyroid. The latter manifested itself in a higher frequency of malignancies
      of the thyroid in animals exposed to a combined treatment with NMU
      (transplacentally) and MTU (postnatally) as compared with those given MTU only
      (postnatally).

PMID- 4036069
TI  - [Age-related changes in adenylate cyclase activity, lipid composition and lipid
      peroxidation in rat intestinal mucosa: comparison with the frequency of
      spontaneous tumors].
AB  - The study used 3, 7, 16 and 22 month-old male rats bred at the animal farm of the
      Institute. Identical age-related changes were established in the level of free
      cholesterol, its esters, free cholesterol/phospholipids and
      sphingomyelin/lecithin ratios in ascending and descending colon mucosa. Unlike
      descending colon mucosa, the basal and hormone-stimulating activity of adenylate
      cyclase and rate of lipid peroxidation in the mucosa of the ascending colon of 22
      month-old animals were lower than in 16 month-old rats. The results are compared
      with the available data on the predominant localization of spontaneous tumors in
      the proximal (ascending) part of rat's intestine.

PMID- 4036070
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of a patient after resection and radiotherapy of a
      metastasizing testicular teratoblastoma (case report)].

PMID- 4036071
TI  - [Liver exocrine function in patients after gastrectomy for peptic ulcer].
AB  - Exosecretory liver function was studied in patients after gastric resection for
      peptic ulcer. Disorders of the biochemical composition of the bile were
      discovered; they were manifested by disproportional formation and secretion of
      the basic components of the bile: cholic acid, cholesterol and phospholipids,
      which led to the shift in the bile components ratio and could promote their
      precipitation. Moreover, the lowering of the content of the basic components of
      the bile is likely to bring about a substantial derangement of the processes of
      fat digestion. Dietetic management of these patients exerted a beneficial effect
      on cholic acid secretion. However, in some patients with grave postoperative
      syndromes and disturbances in the hepatobiliary system, no noticeable positive
      results were obtained. The latter circumstance allows the conclusion about the
      necessity of placing such patients on prolonged treatment including bile
      expelling agents.

PMID- 4036072
TI  - [Effectiveness of using Maliutka and Malysh adapted propionic-acidophilus
      mixtures in the combined treatment of congenital hypotrophy].
AB  - The physical and psychomotor development, immune responsiveness, and intestinal
      microflora were studied in 82 infants with congenital hypotrophy depending on the
      nutrition pattern. It was shown that children who received the propionic
      acidophilic mixtures Malyutka and Malush manifested the highest daily weight
      gain, the most rapid disappearance on the manifestations of food allergy, an
      increase in immune responsiveness. A decrease in the cultivation rate of Proteus
      vulgaris and pathogenic staphylococcus, as well as an increase in the cultivation
      of bifidobacteria. The data obtained permit recommending the use of the propionic
      acidophilic mixtures Malyutka and Malysh in combined treatment of children with
      congenital hypotrophy.

PMID- 4036073
TI  - [Amino acid metabolism in liver tissue during the consumption of qualitatively
      different proteins].
AB  - To evaluate changes in the liver ability to metabolize amino acids during intake
      of different proteins, the content of free amino acids was measured in the blood
      of the portal and liver veins of rats fed krill protein and casein. After 48 h of
      fasting the animals were given a suspension of krill protein and casein at a rate
      of 540 mg protein per 100 g bw. After 0.5, 1, 3 and 6 h the content of free amino
      acids was measured in the blood of the portal and liver veins by ion exchange
      chromatography with the use of an automatic amino acid analyzer. Administration
      of krill protein brought about a high enough (63%) absorption of amino acids by
      the liver during the 6-hour experiment. The degree of casein absorption was 31%.
      As compared to casein, intake of krill protein led to an earlier saturation of
      the body with amino acids having branched chains (P less than 0.05). The
      enzymatic systems of amino acid metabolism responded to the supply of the
      proteins under study in the same manner, however the rate of adaptation was
      different, amounting to 0.5 h for krill protein and to 3 h for casein. It is
      evident that the enzymatic systems involved in amino acid metabolism respond to
      the intake of krill protein to a larger extent than enzymes involved in
      metabolism of casein amino acids.

PMID- 4036074
TI  - [Effect of the quality of dietary protein on the degree of its metabolization in
      the body].
AB  - The authors studied the effect of postponed enrichment of low-grade protein
      (gluten) by the limiting amino acids (lysine and threonine) on the intensity of
      the cellular protein synthesis and on the PER. It was established that the rate
      of incorporation of the labeled amino acid 14C-leucine into cellular proteins
      changes parallel with change in the PER. Low-grade protein nutrition has an
      adverse effect on the metabolism. If the diet containing low-grade protein is
      supplemented with amino acids, the intensity of metabolic processes rises almost
      to the level seen during adequate animal protein nutrition. A direct and
      statistically significant correlation was found between the biological value of
      the protein consumed and the intensity of protein biosynthesis in the cells. It
      is concluded that measurement of the intensity of the cellular protein synthesis
      in a good biological test for determination of the test protein quality.

PMID- 4036075
TI  - [Effect of amino acid deficiency on bone tissue growth and formation].
AB  - Intake of the essential amino acids, threonine, lysine and methionine by
      Ukrainian children of different height was studied. The processes of osteogenesis
      and phosphorus-calcium metabolism in rats with the above amino acids deficiency
      in the diet were also subjected to study. A direct correlation was established
      between intake of the amino acids under study and the height of schoolchildren.
      The deficiency of the amino acids in the diet of experimental animals contributed
      to the retardation of the growth, destructive changes, an increase in the content
      of hydroxyproline, a reduction of phosphomonoesterase-I activity in bones, and
      alterations in phosphorus-calcium metabolism.

PMID- 4036076
TI  - [Vesicular transport of nutrients in the small intestine during natural feeding].
AB  - Ultrastructural aspects of the absorption of nutrients by the rat small bowel
      under natural feeding and administration of a food mixture homogenate to a small
      bowel strip were studied. It is shown that as early as 25 min after the onset of
      feeding, nutrients get into the proximal part of the small bowel, run across the
      epithelial barrier and enter the stroma of the intestinal villi and the vascular
      bed. Active absorption of nutrients is also observed in situ under limited
      intracavitary hydrolysis. The identified nutrients penetrate the apical membrane
      of enterocytes by pinocytosis, are detectable but inside vesicular structures of
      the cell, and get into the intercellular space by exocytosis. The concept of the
      existence of the control systems preventing foreign substances from penetration
      in the body and eliminating the sequels of such a penetration has been worded.

PMID- 4036077
TI  - [Effect of pro- and antioxidant food factors on macrophage oxidative metabolism].
AB  - The effects of vitamin E deficiency and excess polyunsaturated acids in the diet
      on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence were studied in Aug-Lac rats. It was chown
      that experimental prooxidant regiments led to the increase of oxidative
      metabolism in macrophages stimulated by opsonized zymozan. Vitamin E deficient
      regimens decreased superoxide dismutase activity of macrophages. In vitro DL
      alpha-tocopherol and the synthetic antioxidants BHT and BHA inhibited
      chemiluminescence of macrophages. Arachidonic acid activated macrophages and
      induced the formation of oxygen radicals.

PMID- 4036078
TI  - [Use of computers in studying the actual nutritional and health status of
      children].
AB  - The authors have devised a pack of applied programs for statistic data treatment,
      which can be used for studying problems of nutrition and the health status of
      children, for design of rational diets by the research institutes and childhood
      establishments sponsored by the public health and education systems, as well as
      by trade unions.

PMID- 4036079
TI  - [Toxicological characteristics of acute and subacute T-2 mycotoxicosis in mice].
AB  - Intragastric administration to mice of solutions of crystalline T-2 toxin in a
      dose aqual to the LD50 or in doses from the 1/5 to 1/50 of the LD50 brought about
      a stable decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity and lysozyme concentration in
      blood serum. In addition, acute and subacute T-2 mycotoxicoses were characterized
      by a marked lowering of hemoglobin concentration, the total red cell and
      leukocyte counts (doses 1/5-1/20 of the LD50) and lymphosytes (doses 1/5-1/50 of
      the LD50) in the peripheral blood toward the end of experiments. Variation of the
      hematological and biochemical characteristics after administering the toxin in
      low doses was detected despite the absence of the clinical symptoms of
      intoxication. These characteristics are the most sensitive to the toxic action of
      T-2 toxin.

PMID- 4036080
TI  - [Changes in the excretion of uric acid and urine pH as affected by the diet
      therapy of patients with gout and uric acid diathesis].

PMID- 4036081
TI  - [Principles of organizing nutrition for miners in sanatoria and preventoria].

PMID- 4036082
TI  - Immune function in blood donors following short-term lymphocytapheresis.
AB  - Lymphocyte losses occur during repeat plateletpheresis and/or leukapheresis
      procedures and are potentially harmful to normal host immune function. This
      concern prompted us to study the effect of repeat lymphocytapheresis
      (lymphapheresis) on the immune system of healthy blood donors. Following a total
      of six lymphapheresis procedures over a 12-day period with removal of a mean of
      41.6 X 10(9) lymphocytes, there were no significant changes in donor (n = 5)
      absolute lymphocyte counts, quantitative immunoglobulin levels or immune response
      capability as assessed by the following in vitro assays: percent of E, EA, and
      EAC rosette-forming cells, the percent of surface membrane immunoglobulin bearing
      cells, and the blastogenic responses to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin,
      pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A. The procedures were well-tolerated without
      complications. During a follow-up period of 18 months, significant increases in
      total white cell counts (but not absolute lymphocyte counts), and in quantitative
      immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, and IgA) were observed. The median increases in
      immunoglobulin levels ranged from 27.5% for IgG to 44% for IgA. We conclude that
      lymphapheresis as described is relatively safe and our results are reassuring in
      relation to lymphocyte losses that may occur during repeat cytapheresis
      procedures of normal blood donors.

PMID- 4036083
TI  - The second example of anti-K22 and a family genetically informative for K and
      K22.
AB  - The second example of anti-K22 was found, like the first, in an Iranian Jew
      living in Israel. The consanguineous parents of the propositus were both K+k+,
      and investigation of the family suggested that K22 is controlled by the Kell
      locus; K travelling with K22 and k with K-22.

PMID- 4036084
TI  - Successful treatment of post-transfusion purpura with high dose immunoglobulins
      after lack of response to plasma exchange.
AB  - A 77-year-old woman with post-transfusion purpura failed to respond to two 2.5
      litre plasma exchanges with albumin as a replacement fluid. However, intravenous
      infusion of high-dose human immunoglobulin produced a response within 4 h. It is
      suggested that plasma exchange and exchange transfusion are effective in this
      condition mainly because they have allowed large doses of immunoglobulin to be
      infused in the form of plasma or whole blood.

PMID- 4036085
TI  - ISBT Working Party on Terminology for Red Cell Surface Antigens: Munich report.

PMID- 4036086
TI  - Cell surface alterations during blood-storage characterized by artificial
      aggregation of washed red blood cells.
AB  - Aggregation measurement of washed human erythrocytes (RBC) were carried out in a
      NaCl-PBS solution under laminar shear conditions. Artificial aggregation of fresh
      and stored erythrocytes was caused by decreased pH and reduced ionic strength and
      characterized by collision efficiency alpha. Generally, the collision efficiency
      alpha of stored erythrocytes rises with the increased storage time. Such an
      aggregation technique might be useful to detect and quantify changes of the
      membrane and/or the surface structure due to aging and/or storage.

PMID- 4036087
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus with atrophy of the mm. interossei of the upper extremities].
AB  - Two cases are described with atrophy of the interosseous muscles of the upper
      extremities as a manifestation of peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy with a main
      motor damage. In both cases, a long-term diabetes is concerned--insulin
      independent type, perorally treated. Retino- and nephropathy were present in the
      patients as well as macroangiopathy in one of the cases. The lesions were in the
      frame of generalized polyneuropathy of the four extremities, confirmed, in one of
      the cases, by electromyographic examination. No changes in muscular atrophy were
      observed by the treatment carried out.

PMID- 4036088
TI  - [Case of severe hypercalcemic crisis in primary hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - A patient is described, admitted to the clinic with manifested picture of severe
      hypercalcemic crisis. The clinical, paraclinical and instrumental investigations
      established the presence of adenoma of parathyroid glands. In spite of the
      reduction of hypercalcemia, after the conservative treatment, the effect was but
      only transient and adenectomy was performed as a radical method, which led to
      permanent normocalcemia.

PMID- 4036089
TI  - [The somatotype and fatty body weight of medical students].
AB  - The somatotype was determined of 247 healthy students of medicine, male
      Bulgarians, average age 22, according to the method of Heath and Carter. More
      than half of the examined subjects (55,9%) was established to belong to the group
      of mesomorphy with a predomination of the subgroup of endomorphic mesomorphy. The
      other morphological structures are presented in comparatively identical shares.
      The fatty body mass, being 16,29 per cent of the total body mass of the subjects
      studied was determined to the same subjects according to the method of Mohr and
      Milev. It was established that the fatty body mass was within the physiological
      limits among the students from the group of ectomorphy and from the group with
      balanced mesomorphy, non-manifested obesity had the subjects with ectomorphic
      endomorphy, endomorphic mesomorphy and with central somatotype and with
      manifested obesity--the students with balanced and mesomorphic endomorphy.

PMID- 4036090
TI  - [2,3-diphosphoglycerate level during the active and maintenance treatment of iron
      deficiency anemia patients].
AB  - The objective of the present study was to obtain information about the duration
      of tissue hypoxia in patients with iron deficiency anemia. That fact is of
      importance for the determination of the duration of maintenance iron therapy. The
      level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was studied during the treatment, after the
      correction of anemic syndrome and after 60-day out-patient department treatment.
      The data obtained revealed that the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was
      considerably elevated, as compared with the norm, before the treatment. After the
      active treatment and correction of anemic syndrome it was decreased, but
      remaining above the norm. By the 60th day of the out-patient department treatment
      the decrease continued and the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate approached the
      norm.

PMID- 4036091
TI  - [Cytochemical study of lymphocyte nucleoproteins in rheumatoid arthritis
      patients].
AB  - The purpose of the study is to investigate and juxtapose the cytochemical
      characteristics of ribonucleoproteins (RNP) and deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNP) in
      the lymphocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), of healthy
      lymphocytes and lymphocytes blast-transformed by phytohemagglutinins. Significant
      differences in the staining of lymphocytes for nucleoproteins were established in
      all 54 patients with RA studied. The unidirectional changes in the morphological
      form of the staining for RNP and DNP in blast-transformed lymphocytes and
      lymphocytes in RA is, most likely, in connection with the transition of the
      latter into active functional state and their participation in the forming of the
      immune inflammation. No significant difference was established in the dependence
      on the RA form--sero-positive or sero-negative. Regardless of the negative
      serological samples in the second form, there were some changes in the
      lymphocytes--carriers of immune reactions in organism.

PMID- 4036093
TI  - [Lofgren's syndrome (a description of a case)].
AB  - The authors present the modern concepts about the etiology, pathogenesis
      clinical, X-ray and laboratory characteristics of Lofgren's syndrome in a concise
      form and then--their own observation on that clinical X-ray variant of
      sarcoidosis. The diagnosis was objectivized on the base of the data from X-ray
      findings in lungs and the histological study on the material from the lungs and
      skin. The pathognomonic significance of the combination of the pulmonary and skin
      changes are stressed upon in the presence of negative tuberculin tests. A very
      good result was recorded from the long-term treatment with corticosteroids in
      combination with vitamins, calcium preparations and rimicide protection.

PMID- 4036092
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of the myocardium in 2 cases of primary systemic
      amyloidosis].
AB  - The authors describe two cases with primary systemic amyloidosis advancing with
      the picture of progressing cardiac insufficiency, clinically not distinguished.
      Electron microscopic study of myocardium was performed. The ultrastructural data
      indicate that the most likely source for synthesis of amyloid in myocardium, in
      primary systemic amyloidosis, are the active fibroblasts, established in
      interstitium.

PMID- 4036095
TI  - Continuing medical education in Barbados.

PMID- 4036094
TI  - [Multiple gangrene of the digits in a female patient with liver cirrhosis,
      diabetes mellitus and cryoglobulinemia].
AB  - A case is described with multiple gangrene of the fingers of a female, aged 55,
      with confirmed cirrhosis of liver and diabetes mellitus. Cryoglobulins were
      established in the serum. A disturbed immunological balance was present and the
      family loading with collagenosis raises the problem of genetic moments of the
      disturbed homeostasis. The existing diabetic microangiopathy, histologically
      confirmed by biopsy of skin and subcutaneous tissue, brings forward the question
      of the complex pathogenesis of gangrene. At the end of her stay in the clinic,
      the patient developed cerebral apoplexy.

PMID- 4036096
TI  - Thyroid-gonad relationship in bronchial asthma.

PMID- 4036097
TI  - Blood sugar levels, weights and heights of Tobagonians.

PMID- 4036098
TI  - Psychological dependency among students in a "cross-roads" culture.

PMID- 4036099
TI  - Treatment of infra-renal aorto-iliac aneurysms by total exclusion.

PMID- 4036100
TI  - Segmental dilatation of the colon and the Stilling-Turk-Duane retraction
      syndrome.

PMID- 4036101
TI  - Anti-hypertensive drug regimens for black West Indians.

PMID- 4036102
TI  - Cancer occurrence in the Cayman Islands over the past nine years.

PMID- 4036103
TI  - Peptic ulcer disease in Barbadian children and adolescents.

PMID- 4036104
TI  - Female adolescents with Chlamydia. Tomorrow's candidates for in vitro
      fertilization?

PMID- 4036105
TI  - Computed tomographic findings in orbital Mucor.

PMID- 4036106
TI  - Tuberculous peritonitis developing in a case of documented peritoneal
      carcinomatosis.

PMID- 4036107
TI  - Granuloma inguinale in a white teenager--a diagnosis easily forgotten, poorly
      pursued.

PMID- 4036108
TI  - Postoperative small bowel intussusception.

PMID- 4036109
TI  - Immunization for measles.

PMID- 4036110
TI  - A treatment for enuresis.

PMID- 4036111
TI  - How to help your patients function better.

PMID- 4036112
TI  - Epidemiologic and clinical factors of Chlamydia trachomatis in black, Hispanic
      and white female adolescents.
AB  - Rates of genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and
      Trichomonas vaginalis were determined prospectively in 396 sexually active female
      adolescents from three ethnically different urban teen clinics. The organisms
      were identified respectively in cultures of specimens from 21%, 7% and 6% of all
      adolescents; 28%, 16% and 20% of blacks; 23%, 4% and 2% of Hispanics, and 14%, 2%
      and 1% of whites. C trachomatis was identified in specimens from 27% of pregnant
      adolescents and from 42% of adolescents who had gonorrhea or trichomoniasis. Of
      85 Chlamydia-positive adolescents, 47 (55%) were asymptomatic. Physical findings
      significantly associated (P <.001) with chlamydial infection were vaginal
      discharge, cervical inflammation and mucopurulent endocervical discharge. Not
      significantly associated (P >.05) with Chlamydia were the use of oral
      contraception or symptoms of lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge or dysuria.
      Because in sexually active female adolescents C trachomatis is three times more
      common than N gonorrhoeae, care givers need to consider routine screening or
      epidemiologic treatment (or both) for both pathogens.

PMID- 4036113
TI  - Anaphylactoid reactions to tolmetin after interrupted dosage.
AB  - Seven patients had anaphylactoid reactions after ingesting tolmetin sodium. In
      each case the reaction followed readministration of the drug after an interrupted
      period of at least three days and within 90 minutes of taking a single 400-mg
      capsule. None of the patients had had prior anaphylaxis and none were judged
      atopic. Skin tests to an extract of the drug (0.02 mg) were uniformly negative,
      whereas a higher concentration produced a nonspecific irritant reaction. In vitro
      tests in one patient for IgE antibodies to tolmetin and for complement activation
      were negative.

PMID- 4036115
TI  - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PMID- 4036114
TI  - Asbestos and gastrointestinal cancer. A review of the literature.
AB  - Exposure to asbestos is among several factors cited as possible causes of
      esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer. More than 45 published studies have
      presented mortality data on asbestos-exposed workers. For each cohort, we listed
      the observed and expected rates of deaths from types of gastrointestinal cancer
      based on the latest published follow-up. Summary standardized mortality ratios
      (SMRs) were then derived. Finally, we calculated summary SMRs for total
      gastrointestinal tract cancer for three occupational groups: asbestos factory
      workers, insulators/shipyard workers and asbestos miners. Statistically
      significant elevations in summary SMRs were found for esophageal, stomach and
      total gastrointestinal tract cancer in all asbestos-exposed workers. Esophageal
      cancer summary SMRs remained significantly elevated when data were reanalyzed to
      include only those cohorts with death certificate diagnoses for cause of observed
      deaths. However, summary SMRs were not statistically significant for stomach and
      total gastrointestinal tract cancer after reanalysis. Summary SMRs by
      occupational group showed a significant elevation for total gastrointestinal
      cancer in insulators/shipyard workers. The elevation was not significant after
      reanalysis. Based on the results after reanalysis, the elevations in summary SMRs
      for stomach and total gastrointestinal tract cancer are of a magnitude that could
      result from diagnostic and investigator error. We conclude that more studies are
      required before stomach and colorectal cancers are documented as asbestos-related
      diseases.

PMID- 4036116
TI  - A cystic lesion in a 55-year-old man.

PMID- 4036117
TI  - Comparison of flow rates for standard and large-bore blood tubing.
AB  - One of the clinically significant rate-limiting components in even the fastest of
      intravenous (IV) fluid systems is the tubing connecting the IV catheter to the IV
      solution container. We evaluated the effect large-bore tubing has on reducing
      this limitation on fluid flow, measuring gravity and pressurized flow in standard
      and large-bore tubing alone and when each was connected to an 8 French and 12-,14
      and two types of 16-gauge catheters. When combined with an 8 French catheter,
      large-bore tubing produces a 126% increase in flow under gravity and a 90%
      increase under pressure. The improvement with the large tubing was less
      significant as the catheter size decreased. Studies in normovolemic adult
      volunteers achieved similar results. Large-bore blood tubing and large-bore
      catheters should be used in all situations where the need for rapid fluid
      replacement is contemplated.

PMID- 4036118
TI  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis--an immunologically mediated disease?
AB  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an uncommon, chronic disorder
      characterized by inflammatory fibrosis usually involving the entire biliary tree.
      The etiology has been unknown, but PSC is closely associated with ulcerative
      colitis, which coexists in more than two thirds of patients with PSC. In recent
      studies 3% to 5% of all patients with ulcerative colitis had PSC. We propose that
      PSC is, at least in part, an immunologically mediated disease; it is closely
      associated with human leckocyte antigens B8 and DR3, and circulating
      autoantibodies to colon and portal tract are frequently present. The anticolon
      antibody cross-reacts with enteric Escherichia coli. The disease may possibly be
      triggered in susceptible patients with ulcerative colitis by immunization with
      antigens shared between enteric microorganisms and the biliary system.

PMID- 4036119
TI  - Drownings of children and youth in a desert state.
AB  - Despite the fact that New Mexico is a desert state, the drowning rate (4.3) is
      40% higher than that nationally (3.0). More than half of those who drown are
      younger than 25 years, toddlers and adolescents being at greater risk than other
      age groups. In an epidemiologic study of a six-year period, male drowning victims
      outnumbered female and American Indian and Hispanic victims outnumbered whites.
      Other major risk factors were epilepsy, mental retardation and alcohol abuse. In
      most drownings in the under-25 age group, the victim was involved in recreation
      near the water or swimming, although many were partially or fully clothed. Most
      drownings occurred in lakes, ditches or rivers. Because New Mexico is not a water
      oriented state, public awareness of drowning hazards needs to be increased and
      more intensive preventive efforts instituted.

PMID- 4036120
TI  - Evaluating and treating intractable cough.

PMID- 4036121
TI  - Pseudofractures in patients with low-turnover osteoporosis.

PMID- 4036122
TI  - Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in suspected acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4036123
TI  - Factitious hematuria and self-induced Candida albicans fungemia.

PMID- 4036124
TI  - Anticholinergic agents in cicutoxin poisoning.

PMID- 4036125
TI  - Dysthyroid ophthalmology.

PMID- 4036126
TI  - Familial hiatal hernia.

PMID- 4036127
TI  - Orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 4036128
TI  - How do doctors discuss do-not-resuscitate orders?
AB  - Although patient preferences are important in decisions about "do not
      resuscitate" (DNR) orders, little is known about how physicians discuss these
      orders with patients. We asked 15 physicians to simulate discussing such orders
      with a patient. We found a striking variation in whether physicians explicitly
      asked for patient preferences, how they described cardiopulmonary resuscitation
      (CPR) and its possible outcomes and whether they made a recommendation to the
      patient about DNR orders. There was no pattern to the different amounts of
      information presented about CPR. Physicians gave conflicting reasons for how they
      individualized discussions with patients. Awareness of such different behaviors
      may stimulate physicians to examine what they say to patients about this
      sensitive and important topic and why they say it.

PMID- 4036129
TI  - Open-heart surgery--an American experience in Shanghai.

PMID- 4036130
TI  - Demographics and disease prevalence of two new refugee groups in San Francisco.
      The Ethiopian and Afghan refugees.
AB  - Of all the Ethiopian (N=110) and Afghan (N=59)refugees seen at the Refugee
      Screening Clinic at San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center between May
      1982 and July 1983, most were young men and more than 80% of each group were
      unable to speak English. The most frequently noted medical conditions in both
      groups were pathogenic parasites, dental caries and skin disorders. Most had
      positive PPD tests, but only a few cases of class A or class B tuberculosis were
      found. Among the Ethiopians two active cases each of Plasmodium vivax malaria and
      trachoma were diagnosed. Although a wide range of diseases were seen, most were
      common rather than exotic. In addition to the need for translators, traditional
      beliefs and customs must be sensitively considered when providing health care to
      these groups.

PMID- 4036131
TI  - Allergy practice in California. Diagnostic and therapeutic methods used by
      allergists and otolaryngologists.

PMID- 4036132
TI  - [Psychosomatic problems in patients with acquired heart defects].

PMID- 4036133
TI  - [Mezlocillin in abdominal surgery].

PMID- 4036134
TI  - [Detection and therapeutic effects in cervical cancer in the light of preventive
      examinations of women].

PMID- 4036135
TI  - [Case of Budd-Chiari syndrome].

PMID- 4036136
TI  - [Jejunal lipoma complicated by triple intussusception].

PMID- 4036138
TI  - [Polycythemia in a newborn infant].

PMID- 4036137
TI  - [Atypical rapid growth of uterine myoma without evidence of malignant
      transformation in a 52-year-old multipara].

PMID- 4036139
TI  - [Paranoid syndrome in Bourneville's disease].

PMID- 4036140
TI  - [Lung separations in children].
AB  - Problems in diagnosis and treatment of separation of the lung are shown on the
      basis of 12 cases. Primarily the atypical supply of the separation by an artery
      out of the general circulation may cause difficulties. A damaging of this artery
      may cause lethal bleeding especially when the aberrating vessel ascends from the
      abdominal region through the diaphragm into the thorax. Diagnosis always gives
      the indication to operation although sometimes only thoracotomy gives a definite
      diagnosis. Selective arteriography of the abnormal artery may be useful help.
      Separation of the lung should be taken into consideration if there is a suspect X
      ray plan of the thorax. The surgeon then may expect technical difficulties and
      can avoid complications. The prognosis is excellent.

PMID- 4036141
TI  - [Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and lung].
AB  - Cystic fibrosis is the most common genetic disease. The basic defect is still
      unknown. The success in the treatment of pulmonary disease and nutrition
      transposes this pediatric disease into adult medicine.

PMID- 4036142
TI  - [Risk factors in problem children].
AB  - Results of a study on 2000 children an adolescents with behavioural and
      psychosomatic disorders, who were treated by the department of neuropsychiatry,
      Kinderspital Linz, are presented. After the formation of a new station for
      neuropsychiatry in child and adolescent age we constituted a interdisciplinary
      teamwork for ambulatory and stationary treatment. This team consists of
      psychologists, educators and specialized staff. All kinds of neuropsychiatric
      diseases are to treat, the catamnesis include their prenatal risk factors and all
      disturbances of development. We tried to correlate the preexistent risk factors
      with actual troubles and found that intervention would have been possible long
      before the disturbance in child was apparent (5, 3).

PMID- 4036143
TI  - [Obligation to render meticulous care in sports medicine].

PMID- 4036144
TI  - [Energy yield during physical exertion].
AB  - Every energy demanding process in the skeletal muscle is associated with the use
      of adenosinetriphosphate, the essential muscular high-energy phosphate. ATP is
      rephosphorylated by ADP (= adenosine diphosphate) and this process depends on the
      type, intensity and duration of the physical exercise. At the beginning of a
      vigorous physical exercise utilization of intramuscular ATP and phosphocreatine
      is predominant (= anaerobic-alactacide energy yielding). Then the ATP
      rephosphorylation based on the conversion of glycogen and glucose to lactate,
      especially by an exercise duration till 2 min (= anaerobic-alactacide energy
      yielding). Toward this duration or if the exertion intensity at start has been
      below 60 to 70% of maximal physical performance, ADP is rephosphorylated during
      oxidative phosphorylation by the skeletal muscle mitochondria using glycogen,
      glucose or free fatty acids as energy fuel. Training, age and sex may influence
      anaerobic and aerobic energy-yielding as well as metabolism and ultrastructure of
      skeletal muscle.

PMID- 4036145
TI  - [Relevance of lactate determination in sports medicine].
AB  - In the last years increasing attention has been paid to specific changes of
      muscle metabolism during physical exertion in the diagnosis of physical
      performance. Lactate resp. lactic acid, being the terminal product of anaerobic
      glycolysis, has gained a central position in that field of sports medicine.
      Measuring lactate concentration level in arterialized capillary blood (drawn from
      the earlobe) one can investigate both the onset of anaerobic-lactic energy
      production during increasing work load (aerobic-anaerobic transition) and the
      maximal amount of anaerobic energy formation during short periods of exhausting
      work. In this way, using suitable work load protocols, the aerobic capacity
      (endurance capacity) on the one hand and the anaerobic capacity on the other hand
      can be determined. Therefore the most prominent components of energy production
      in working muscle and physical performance in general are accessible by
      measurement of blood lactate concentration level.

PMID- 4036146
TI  - [The importance of sports medicine field tests as a means of training control in
      northern endurance sports].
AB  - In endurance sports heart frequency at the aerobic threshold (2 mmol/l lactate)
      is recommended for extensive training and heart rate at the anaerobic threshold
      (4 mmol/l lactate) for intensive training. Both values could be estimated by
      means of exercise tests in the laboratory as well as in the field. However for
      training-recommendations only data estimated on a specific exercise procedure
      should be used.

PMID- 4036147
TI  - Anomalies of pulmonary venous return.

PMID- 4036148
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta: current surgical management.

PMID- 4036149
TI  - Conduction tissue in congenital heart surgery.

PMID- 4036151
TI  - Surgical management of double inlet ventricle.

PMID- 4036150
TI  - Valve replacement in children.

PMID- 4036152
TI  - Functional assessment after colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, and endorectal
      ileoanal pull-through.

PMID- 4036153
TI  - Screening procedures for identifying patients after gastric operations at high
      risk of developing premalignant histological changes.

PMID- 4036154
TI  - Gastrointestinal myoelectric activity following abdominal operations in the
      opossum.

PMID- 4036155
TI  - Surgical technique for repair of benign stricture of the bile ducts, preserving
      the papilla of Vater.

PMID- 4036156
TI  - Prophylactic regimens in colorectal surgery: comparisons between metronidazole
      used alone or with ampicillin for one or three days.

PMID- 4036158
TI  - Lesser curve ischemia after proximal gastric vagotomy and splenectomy:
      conservative management with endoscopical surveillance.

PMID- 4036157
TI  - Surgical treatment for malignant lesions of the distal part of the esophagus and
      the esophagogastric junction.

PMID- 4036159
TI  - International trends in alcohol production and consumption: implications for
      public health.

PMID- 4036160
TI  - Recent trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in 27 industrialized countries.

PMID- 4036161
TI  - Cardiovascular diseases as a cause of death in the island of Mauritius, 1972
      1980.

PMID- 4036162
TI  - Health development in Japan: determinants, implications and perspectives.

PMID- 4036163
TI  - The World Health Organization's expanded programme on immunization: a global
      overview. Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization, Geneva.

PMID- 4036164
TI  - Induction of rat-hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase by 1,3-benzodioxole derivatives.
AB  - Several 1,3-benzodioxoles (BD) and related compounds were studied in relation to
      their ability to generate metabolite complexes with hepatic cytochrome P-450
      following administration in vivo to rats. BD derivatives that formed stable
      metabolite complexes with cytochrome P-450 were considerably more effective
      inducers of cytochrome P-450 and aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[alpha]pyrene)
      hydroxylase (AHH) activity than derivatives that did not form stable complexes.
      Linear regression analysis showed that AHH activity was well correlated (r =
      0.980) with total (i.e. complexed plus uncomplexed) cytochrome P-450 content and
      was not correlated with levels of uncomplexed cytochrome P-450. Aminopyrine N
      demethylase (APDM) activity in hepatic microsomes from rats treated with 1,3
      benzodioxoles was moderately correlated in a linear relationship with uncomplexed
      levels of cytochrome P-450 and not with total cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 4036165
TI  - Selective inhibitory interactions of alkoxymethylenedioxybenzenes towards mono
      oxygenase activity in rat-hepatic microsomes.
AB  - A series of eight 4-n-alkoxymethylenedioxybenzene (AMDB) derivatives were
      evaluated for their inhibitory effects on several mono-oxygenase reactions and
      their capacity to form metabolite complexes with cytochrome P-450 in vitro in
      hepatic microsomes from phenobarbital (PB)-and Beta-naphthoflavone (Beta NF)
      induced rats. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase in Beta NF-induced microsomes and
      aminopyrine N-demethylase in PB-induced microsomes were most susceptible to
      inhibition by the test compounds. In contrast, aldrin epoxidation and
      arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase in PB-and Beta NF-induced microsomes, respectively,
      were not inhibited by derivatives of AMDB. All AMDB derivatives elicited spectral
      complexes with cytochrome P-450, the characteristics of which were influenced by
      the microsomes employed and by the length of the AMDB alkoxy side-chain.
      Derivatives containing short-chain alkoxy substituents (C1 to C3) formed unstable
      metabolite complexes and generated substantial quantities of carbon monoxide
      (CO), those with intermediate length alkoxy groups (C4 to C6) generated little CO
      and rapidly formed intense spectral complexes (large delta A max), and those with
      the largest alkoxy groups (C7 and C8) formed no CO and elicited complexes of high
      stability. Quantitative structure-activity analyses showed that the biological
      data could be described by parabolic equations in II, the hydrophobic constant of
      the alkoxy substituent, and suggested the importance to AMDB interactions of a
      lipophilic-binding region at the active centre of the cytochrome P-450. The
      alkoxy chain length for optimal mono-oxygenase inhibition and complex formation
      with cytochrome P-450 appeared to be about five or six carbon atoms. The data
      suggest that the capacity of AMDB compounds to form stable inhibitory complexes
      with cytochrome P-450 may not always be associated with their ability to inhibit
      mono-oxygenase activity.

PMID- 4036166
TI  - Association between progesterone binding and cytochrome P-450 content of hepatic
      microsomes in the rat treated with cobalt-haem.
AB  - The effect of cobalt protoporphyrin IX (Co-haem) given to male rats in single
      subcutaneous doses (25-100 mumol/kg body wt.) was studied. Co-haem decreased
      cytochrome P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity, but increased
      progesterone content and 3H-progesterone binding in a dose-related manner. The
      effect of a single dose of 50 mumol/kg body wt. was reversible; cytochrome P-450
      and progesterone content, and progesterone binding, returned to the normal level
      24-40 d after injection but aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was only partially
      restored. The converse actions of Co-haem on microsomal progesterone and
      cytochrome P-450 content showed high correlation.

PMID- 4036167
TI  - Carpipramine metabolism in the rat, rabbit and dog and in man after oral
      administration.
AB  - Carpipramine administered orally is excreted via the urine and faeces in rat,
      rabbit, dog and man. Many metabolites are formed, including several conjugates in
      the urine. A total of 20-25 metabolites was detected by t.l.c. and h.p.l.c., 16
      of which were isolated and identified. Three metabolic pathways were observed:
      hydroxylation of the iminodibenzyl ring to a phenol or alcohol without
      modification of the side-chain, hydroxylation of the terminal piperidine of the 2
      piperidinol side-chain, and cyclization and dehydrogenation of the same 2
      piperidinol group.

PMID- 4036168
TI  - Lack of congruence of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine sulphoxidation and debrisoquine
      4-hydroxylation in a Caucasian population.
AB  - One-hundred-and-twenty volunteers and three families were investigated for
      possible association between the sulphoxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine and
      the debrisoquine hydroxylation polymorphism. The observed individual variations
      in these two metabolic reactions were shown not to be concordant (rs = 0.068) and
      any heritable factors controlling the major aspects of these phenomena do not co
      segregate.

PMID- 4036169
TI  - Carnitine and glucuronic acid conjugates of pivalic acid.
AB  - The [1-14C]pivaloyloxyethyl ester of methyldopa administered to man and
      cynomolgus monkeys resulted in the elimination in the urine of 14C-pivalic acid
      metabolites. Pivaloyl glucuronide and pivaloyl carnitine were identified as the
      major radioactive urinary metabolites in monkey urine and human urine,
      respectively. N.m.r. analysis indicated that pivaloyl carnitine had a cyclic
      structure. Although the role of carnitine is in the transport of fatty acids
      across mitochondrial membranes, it may also function in the conjugation of
      carboxylic acid xenobiotics in humans.

PMID- 4036170
TI  - The metabolism of phenothiazine in the neonatal calf: identification of drug
      polypeptide conjugates from urine.
AB  - The presence of a polypeptide conjugate fraction in the urine of young calves
      after oral dosing with phenothiazine has been confirmed. Four different
      polypeptide conjugates, containing up to six amino acids attached to
      phenothiazine or leucophenothiazone via the carboxyl terminal of the chain, have
      been isolated, characterized and sequenced. In addition, several minor
      polypeptide conjugates have been observed. The literature pertaining to
      polypeptide conjugates of drugs has been reviewed and the importance of this
      metabolic route in neonatal animals discussed.

PMID- 4036171
TI  - Biotransformation of sultopride in man and several animal species.
AB  - The biotransformation of sultopride has been investigated in rat, rabbit, dog and
      man. In man sultopride was metabolically stable, and about 90% of an oral dose
      was excreted in urine unchanged and 4% as oxo-sultopride. Rat, rabbit and dog
      metabolized sultopride more extensively and excreted less than 40% of an oral
      dose of 14C-sultopride in urine. Four similar metabolites were excreted by the
      three animal species but the relative portions differed. The major radioactive
      component in rat urine was O-desmethyl sultopride, whereas oxo-sultopride and O
      desmethyl sultopride were the major urinary metabolites in rabbit. Dog formed N
      desethyl sultopride and oxo-sultopride as major urinary metabolites. The male rat
      excreted smaller amounts of unchanged sultopride in urine than did the female
      rat. The unchanged sultopride excreted in rat urine was increased slightly by
      repeated administration.

PMID- 4036173
TI  - Influence of cytochrome P-450 type on the pattern of conjugation of 4
      hydroxybiphenyl generated from biphenyl or 4-methoxybiphenyl.
AB  - The rate of production of 4-hydroxybiphenyl from 4-methoxybiphenyl in hepatocytes
      isolated from untreated rats was essentially identical to that from biphenyl in
      hepatocytes isolated from rats pretreated with beta-naphthoflavone at 40 mg/kg.
      Similar results were obtained using liver microsomes isolated from untreated or
      treated rats. The selective inhibition of these reactions by metyrapone, alpha
      naphthoflavone and ethanol demonstrated that different forms of cytochrome P-450
      are responsible for O-demethylation of 4-methoxybiphenyl in livers of untreated
      rats and 4-hydroxylation of biphenyl in livers of pretreated rats. The pattern of
      conjugation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl generated from biphenyl in hepatocytes isolated
      from pretreated rats was different from that for 4-hydroxybiphenyl generated from
      4-methoxybiphenyl in hepatocytes isolated from untreated rats, there being a 60%
      decrease in sulphation measured after 60 min incubation with biphenyl.
      Glucuronidation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl was not affected. The sulphation of 4
      hydroxybiphenyl added directly was significantly decreased in hepatocytes
      isolated from pretreated rats. The initial rate of glucuronidation of 4
      hydroxybiphenyl added directly was not altered by the pretreatment, but there was
      a significant decrease in overall glucuronidation measured over a 60 min
      incubation. Similar results were obtained using liver slices. beta-Naphthoflavone
      added directly to liver slices significantly decreased the extent of sulphation
      of 4-hydroxybiphenyl but did not influence glucuronidation. There was evidence of
      a late decrease in biphenyl 4-hydroxylase activity in hepatocytes isolated from
      pretreated rats. It is concluded that the differences observed in the cellular
      metabolism of biphenyl and 4-methoxybiphenyl can be ascribed to competition
      between beta-naphthoflavone and/or its metabolites retained within the cells
      following pretreatment, and biphenyl and/or its metabolites for the pathways
      common to their metabolism. It is also concluded that the type of cytochrome P
      450 involved in the generation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl does not, per se, influence
      the subsequent pattern of conjugation.

PMID- 4036172
TI  - The metabolism of 14C-cyclohexylamine in mice and two strains of rat.
AB  - After administration of 14C-cyclohexylamine (35-500 mg/kg) to male mice and rats,
      80% of the dose of 14C was excreted in the urine, mostly within the first 24 h
      after dosing. In Wistar rats, 7-9% of the 14C in the 0-24 h urine was present as
      cis-4-aminocyclohexanol, with a similar amount as the corresponding 3-isomers. In
      the DA rat, only 1-2% of the 14C, and in mouse less than 1% of the 14C was
      present in the urine as aminocyclohexanols; unchanged cyclohexylamine accounted
      for about 95% of the activity. The extent of metabolism was not affected by
      either dose or route of administration. The species differences in metabolism may
      be implicated in the differences in toxicity during chronic high-dose
      administration.

PMID- 4036174
TI  - The interaction of representative members from two classes of antimycotics--the
      azoles and the allylamines--with cytochromes P-450 in steroidogenic tissues and
      liver.
AB  - Spectrophotometric studies with ketoconazole, clotrimazole and miconazole show
      strong type-II interactions with several cytochromes P-450, particularly (Ks
      greater than 10(7)M-1; pH7.4; 25 degrees C) with the 11 beta-hydroxylase of
      adrenal mitochondria, with the 17 alpha/20 lyase of testis microsomes and with
      some forms of cytochromes P-450 of liver. A tight binding of the azoles also
      occurs to the reduced cytochromes, giving rise to an impeded CO binding to the
      haem iron. The binding of the azoles to 11 beta-hydroxylase and 17 alpha/20 lyase
      is much tighter than the binding of endogenous substrates, and consequently
      inhibition of steroidogenesis will occur at these sites. The metabolism of
      xenobiotic substrates by the cytochromes P-450 of liver will also be severely
      impeded. In contrast, the allylamines naftifine and SF 86-327 are type-I
      substrates for a small portion of cytochromes P-450 of liver microsomes only and
      there is no spectral evidence for binding to the cytochromes P-450 involved in
      steroid biosynthesis.

PMID- 4036175
TI  - Enhanced killing of penicillin-treated gram-positive cocci by human granulocytes:
      role of bacterial autolysins, catalase, and granulocyte oxidative pathways.
AB  - Staphylococci pretreated with subminimal inhibitory concentrations (subMIC) of
      cell-wall active antibiotics exhibit increased susceptibility to killing by human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), even when phagosome information is impaired
      by the mold metabolite, cytochalasin B. To investigate the role of specific
      bacterial factors in the process, studies were carried out with organisms lacking
      catalase (streptococci) or cell-wall autolytic enzymes and compared to findings
      with Staphylococcus aureus 502A. Neutrophil factors were studied using
      inhibitors, oxygen radical scavengers, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-deficient PMNs, or
      PMNs from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Documentation of
      the enhanced susceptibility of the streptococcal strains to killing by PMNs
      following subMIC penicillin pretreatment required the use of cytochalasin B.
      Enhancement of killing occurred independent of the presence or absence of
      bacterial autolysins or catalase. SubMIC penicillin pretreatment of S. pneumoniae
      R36A specifically promoted the susceptibility of these organisms to killing by
      myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated mechanisms (enhancement lost using MPO-deficient
      or azide-treated cells). Factors other than MPO or toxic oxygen products
      generated by the PMN respiratory burst are responsible for enhanced killing of
      penicillin-pretreated S. aureus 502A (enhancement preserved using MPO-deficient,
      azide-treated, or chronic granulomatous disease patient cells). These studies
      define methods to study the interaction of antimicrobial agents and PMNs in the
      killing of microorganisms. They also demonstrate that penicillin treatment can
      change the susceptibility of gram-positive cocci to the action of specific PMN
      microbicidal mechanisms. The mechanism of the enhancement appears to be bacterial
      strain-dependent and not predictable by bacterial autolysin or catalase activity.

PMID- 4036177
TI  - Alleged susceptibility of the elderly to infection.
AB  - The widely held notion, common in clinical medicine, that the elderly are more
      susceptible to infection is discussed critically. Implied but unstated in this
      sentiment is a premise that host defense mechanisms are less effective in the
      elderly, or that immune surveillance becomes defective with aging. No clear
      evidence exists to support these concepts; indeed, available information points
      to a normally functioning immune system in the elderly. An increased incidence of
      morbidity and mortality resulting from infection in the elderly does exist,
      however, and it is suggested that this stems from many of the functional and
      anatomical deficits which accompany the aging process and therefore predispose
      the elderly to infection. Examples of these degenerative problems are pulmonary
      hypoventilation, bronchopulmonary aspiration, immobility, and urinary retention.
      These conditions can predispose the elderly to infection by common extracellular
      microorganisms that are the normal flora of the mucosal and skin surfaces of the
      body. More precise information on the nature of injuries caused by these
      organisms in the elderly and on the causes of the resulting higher mortality
      rates in the elderly is required before an increased incidence of infection in
      the elderly can be attributed to an increase in their susceptibility to infection
      because of defective immune or host defense mechanisms.

PMID- 4036176
TI  - The effect of low ambient temperature on the febrile responses of rats to semi
      purified human endogenous pyrogen.
AB  - The febrile responses of Sprague-Dawley rats to semi-purified human endogenous
      pyrogen were studied at a thermoneutral ambient temperature (26 degrees C) and in
      the cold (3 degrees C). It was found that while rats developed typical monophasic
      febrile responses at thermoneutrality, febrile responses were absent in the cold
      exposed rats. Experiments were conducted to determine whether this lack of
      febrile responses in cold-exposed rats was due to an inability of these animals
      to generate or retain heat in the cold. Thermogenesis and vasoconstriction were
      stimulated in cold-exposed rats by selectively cooling the hypothalamus, using
      chronically implanted thermodes. It was shown that, using this stimulus,
      metabolic rate could be increased by more than 50 percent and body temperature
      could be driven up at a rate of 5 degrees C/hour in rats exposed to the cold.
      Therefore, it was concluded that the lack of febrile responses of cold-exposed
      rats to pyrogen is in no way due to a physical or physiological inability to
      retain heat. Instead, it appears that in some manner cold exposure suppresses the
      sensitivity or responsiveness of the rat to pyrogenic stimuli.

PMID- 4036178
TI  - [Remarks on toxoplasmosis therapy based on indications].

PMID- 4036179
TI  - [Social law and the physician-nurse-patient relation in health care in East
      Germany].

PMID- 4036180
TI  - [Significance of the analysis of birth rates for medicine. II: Social public
      health evaluation of changes in birth rate in East Germany 1968-1982].

PMID- 4036181
TI  - [New knowledge and future tasks of research on growth in East Germany. II].

PMID- 4036183
TI  - [Experiences of Soviet surgeons in the diagnosis and conservative treatment of
      acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 4036182
TI  - [Survey on current status of home treatment of psoriasis patients with
      ultraviolet irradiation equipment].

PMID- 4036184
TI  - [Indications for urgent operations in lumbar nucleus pulposus prolapse].

PMID- 4036185
TI  - [Some practical questions of traditional care in medicine].

PMID- 4036186
TI  - [Evaluation of automobile driving fitness in cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 4036187
TI  - [Accident severity--an attempt at a definition].

PMID- 4036188
TI  - [Poisoning with detajmium bitartrate (tachmalcor)--a case report].

PMID- 4036189
TI  - [Correlation between thrombolytic therapy and liver rupture?].

PMID- 4036190
TI  - [Extent of duties and time structure of activities of district physicians].

PMID- 4036191
TI  - [Use of the IUPAC style for chemical compounds in medical writing].

PMID- 4036192
TI  - [Procedure in suspected iatrogenic damage of questionable civil rights
      relevance].

PMID- 4036193
TI  - [Definition of concepts].

PMID- 4036194
TI  - [Effect of the characteristics of a situation on the perception of its duration].

PMID- 4036195
TI  - [Use of city planning hygiene parameters in housing construction with special
      reference to heating systems to be installed].

PMID- 4036196
TI  - [Meteorological observations on extraordinary immission situations in the Erfurt
      region].

PMID- 4036197
TI  - [Control of important noxious pests in the construction and reconstruction of
      residential and community buildings].

PMID- 4036198
TI  - [Effects of ethanol on adrenal medulla].

PMID- 4036199
TI  - [DNA distribution in transplanted tumors of the rat].

PMID- 4036200
TI  - [Internal processing of iodate].

PMID- 4036202
TI  - [Inhalation of carbon disulfide--studies of carbon disulfide intake under dynamic
      doses].

PMID- 4036201
TI  - [Epidemiologic studies of the exposure to dimethylformamide].

PMID- 4036203
TI  - [Measurement and control of the intensity of endurance training in patient
      groups].
AB  - In 49 male patients at the age 34-62 years (means = 48.8) during the perseverance
      training in groups of patients the observation of the intensity aspired for was
      controlled by means of controls of the heart beat frequency with the help of long
      term ECG and self-controls of the pulse rate by the patients. As a result of the
      long-term ECG controls could be established that the intensity areas aspired for
      was reached by the preponderant number of the patients or even transgressed, that
      the judgment of the self-controls of the pulse rate must be performed very
      critically and in their valuation a subjective and methodically caused measuring
      error must be taken into consideration. References were given the consideration
      of which shall lead to an improved observation of the intensity given during the
      perseverance training in groups of patients.

PMID- 4036204
TI  - [Evaluation of the efficacy of concomitant special psychotherapeutic methods by
      patients in an internal medicine clinic].
AB  - Patients of a medical clinic whose complaints are diagnosed above all as
      functional are suitably at once also treated by the clinical psychologists. For
      this purpose the authors created an effective combination of methods. It consists
      of a group and individual therapy and contains rational and emotional, in
      addition suggestive and behaviour-therapeutic elements which for each patient are
      united to an individual concept. For the purpose of the control of efficiency in
      a particular examination was inquired how the various methods have become
      effective in the individual patients and which were used preferably,
      respectively. The inquiry is performed at the earliest half a year after the
      discharge. Out of 149 answers the most important results are represented and
      conclusions for practice are derived.

PMID- 4036205
TI  - [Course of heart beat variability following acute alcohol intake].
AB  - Blood pressure, heart rate and mean momentary arrhythmia were measured in 16
      healthy test persons before and after acute alcohol ingestion. While the blood
      pressure remained unchanged, heart rate and mean momentary arrhythmia showed
      significant differences in comparison to the initial value, in which case the
      clearer change of the mean momentary arrhythmia in relation to the heart rate
      emphasizes the sensitivity of the parameter. The results are discussed as a
      sequel of the increase of sympathetic activity of alcohol/acetaldehyde.

PMID- 4036206
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of the malabsorption syndrome].
AB  - The paper reports on a cachectic patient who hitherto was treated as a case of
      pernicious anaemia. After a 20-year course of the disease a malabsorption
      syndrome as a result of an atrophic duodenitis was diagnosed.

PMID- 4036207
TI  - [Behavior of late ventricular potentials in acute experimental myocardial
      ischemia].
AB  - Locally retarded depolarizations of the ischaemic myocardium are regarded as
      frequent trigger mechanisms of dangerous ventricular arrhythmias. Up to now,
      however, there are scarcely systematic investigations concerning their concrete
      developmental conditions in man, since late potentials can be made evident only
      by means of expensive invasive methods or signal mediation techniques. Therefore,
      an animal model should be built, which is suitable for the control of new therapy
      conceptions with antiarrhythmic drugs. The investigations were performed on 22
      pigs in whom under insufflation anaesthesia altogether 10 pressure, flow and
      contractility parameters as well as 6 epicardial ECG signals were continuously
      recorded. The episodes of ischaemia were caused by LAD occlusions of different
      duration and intensity. Typical late potentials could be registered in 5 animals
      who all had survived complete interruptions of the coronary blood flow of longer
      than 10 min. The mean duration of the late potentials was 20 +/- 9.2 ms, their
      amplitudes reached from 150 to 600 microV. Also with regard to time and cycle
      constancy, the delay of the late Q-potential and the morphology they corresponded
      to the homogeneous phenomenon, known from man. They always could be derived only
      from electrodes outside the immediate zone of ischaemia. Neither partial
      occlusions nor complete interruption of the coronary blood flow in intervals
      shorter than 10 minutes led to the development of a late potential. The animal
      model used altogether appears very suitable to investigate the medicamentous
      influencibility of arrhythmogenic areas of the myocardium under direct control of
      the dynamic behaviour of ventricular late potentials.

PMID- 4036208
TI  - [Pathophysiological investigations on the function of artificial hearts].
AB  - The mode of action of artificial hearts is in a wide range variable and to be
      adapted to different conditions of the circulatory systems. The direct regulative
      function of the peripheral circulation is restricted by the rigid ability of
      artificial hearts bound to motor drive parameters. Their great dependence on pre-
      and afterload already in normal calves presumes a harmonized functional capacity
      of the right and left ventricle. As to the situation in potential recipients of
      artificial hearts with considerably disturbed macro- and microhaemodynamics there
      are problems for the choice of suitable conditions of motor drive, in order to
      favour a right-left balance and an adequate volume. The substitution of the
      natural regulators by suitable sensors and the regulation of the artificial
      hearts according to haemodynamic controls and pump parameters, respectively, is
      necessary to achieve a balanced adequate ventricular function. This complex is
      subject of an intensive research.

PMID- 4036209
TI  - [Results of long-term conditioning in patients with myocardial infarction during
      phase III rehabilitation].
AB  - The active kinesitherapy is an essential constituent of the whole rehabilitation
      process of patients with infarction. Despite the decrease due to the physiology
      of ageing and the progression of the coronary disease the physical functional
      capacity can be kept relatively constant also over many years. Thus the quality
      of the patients' lives can be favourably influenced. Whether the life expectancy
      alone can be improved at long date by the active conditioning, further on remains
      unclarified. Aimed differentiated medication, psychosocial measures, the
      consideration of secondary bronchopulmonary diseases and the well-timed selection
      for the coronary-surgical intervention must be included into the process of
      complex rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction. In these cases
      diagnostics and therapy of the somatic risk factors must particularly be taken
      into consideration during the whole process of rehabilitation in order to
      decrease the progressing of the basic disease.

PMID- 4036210
TI  - [Long-term therapy with amiodarone in tachyarrhythmias--report on various
      experiences with special reference to its side effects].
AB  - In 23 patients with symptomatic severe supraventricular and ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias the effectiveness and the side effects of a long-term therapy
      with the class III antiarrhythmic drug Amiodarone (Cordarone) in a dosage of 100
      800 mg/die in monotherapy and combination therapy were investigated. In these
      cases it proved to be an excellently effecting antiarrhythmic drug in
      tachycardiac dysrhythmias at atrial and ventricular level with an altogether good
      tolerance. In 16 patients side effects appeared and above all concerned corneal
      micro-deposition without any clinical symptoms (10 patients). In 3 patients
      nuclear-medically insignificant changes of the function of the thyroid gland were
      found--also without clinical relevance. Three times a photosensitisation was
      conspicuous, only in one patient the therapy was finished on account of
      epigastric trouble after three months. Av-blockings of higher degree,
      particularly with bundle-branch block and severe sinus bradycardias as well as
      disturbances of the thyroid function are regarded as contraindications without
      preceding pacemaker implantation.

PMID- 4036211
TI  - [Incidence and clinical symptomatology of coronary heart disease in acquired
      valvular defects].
AB  - 220 consecutive patients with acquired valvular defects were checked within the
      preoperative examination by means of heart catheter with regard to significant
      coronary stenoses. In these cases a relative frequency of typical and atypical
      angina pectoris troubles of 0.136 and 0.459, respectively, was the result. In
      contrast to this significant coronary stenoses could relatively infrequently made
      evident angiographically: 6/220 (= 0.027). In patients with valvular defects
      angina pectoris cannot be used as the leading symptom of an additionally existing
      coronary heart disease on account of bad sensitiveness.

PMID- 4036212
TI  - [Early and late results after conventional mitral valvulotomy].
AB  - In comparison to the commissurotomy on the open heart the conventional
      cardiovalvulotomy even nowadays is a recommendable alternative. It is burdened by
      an insignificant early lethality (1.8%). After 10 years the calculated survival
      probability is 87.6%. Using the ultrasound cardiography, the image intensifier
      radioscopy and in exceptional cases the invasive ventriculography to a higher
      degree those patients can be comprehended preoperatively, in whom a more
      intensive calcification of the mitral valves or a shrinking of the subvalvular
      apparatus is present. In these cases primarily the valvulotomy and a substitute
      of the valve on the open heart, respectively, is to be aspired to.

PMID- 4036213
TI  - [Long-term oil therapy and lipid metabolism in peripheral arterial obstructive
      disease].

PMID- 4036214
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography and its significance for internal medicine
      according to the current state of knowledge. Literature review].
AB  - With nuclear magnetic resonance imaging the modern picture-producing techniques
      were enriched by a further non-invasive method giving tomograms of the
      interesting region free of overshadowing, which furthermore renders possible
      insights into certain metabolic processes taking place by means of enzymes
      containing phosphorus. With the help of a study of literature was elaborated
      which importance the method might obtain for the specialty of internal medicine
      according to the present state of knowledge in a greater clinical use to be
      expected, and which trends of application can be recognized according to the
      study of literature.

PMID- 4036215
TI  - [Clinical and functional studies of diabetic cardiopathy].
AB  - In 30 diabetics and 30 patients with healthy metabolism who anamnestically,
      clinically and electrocardiographically did not show any references to a coronary
      heart disease the systolic time intervals and contractility indices of the
      carotid pulse curve were determined in lying position as well as under passive
      and active orthostasis load. Diabetics with a microangiopathy already under
      conditions of rest showed a tendency to pathological values. Unequivocal
      deviations were to be registered under conditions of the tilting table,
      particularly when the values obtained under orthostasis are related to the
      measuring data in rest. The restricted cardiac regulation breadth of diabetics
      with microangiopathy is particularly expressed in a compared with the control
      groups clearly reduced reaction of the presphygmic phase, the time of pressure
      increase as well as the quotients PEP/LVET, LVET/ICT and PEPstanding/PEPlying.

PMID- 4036216
TI  - [Changes in noninvasive cardiovascular parameters by inpatient weight reduction].
AB  - 36 normotensive obese and 23 hypertensive obese were treated with an isokaloric
      reduction diet of 800 kcal/a day under clinical conditions over a 4-week span.
      Blood pressure and cardiac performance were investigated by means of non-invasive
      techniques such as systolic time intervals (STI) and calculated indices. A
      significant decrease was established in systolic time intervals such as left
      ventricular ejection time and total electromechanical systole, systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption and cardiac output. Heart
      rate, preejection index and stroke volume were not diminished under dietary
      treatment. No decrease of all parameters was found in obese normotensives with a
      weight reduction greater than 5% after dietary treatment.

PMID- 4036217
TI  - [Generalized primary amyloidosis with massive involvement of the gastrointestinal
      tract].
AB  - On the basis of a generalized primary amyloidosis with massive affection of the
      gastro-intestinal tract in a 58-year-old male form and localization, methods of
      pathologo-morphological proof, complications of the gastrointestinal tract as
      well as therapy of the disease are discussed.

PMID- 4036218
TI  - [Manifest alcoholic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Report on a 40-year-old male with manifest alcoholic cardiomyopathy during
      massive chronic misuse of alcohol lasting many years. Discussion of the
      morphologic findings, clinical symptoms as well as of the results of animal
      experimental studies concerning this clinical picture.

PMID- 4036219
TI  - [Significance of cardiovascular research within the scope of the total
      development of medical sciences in East Germany].

PMID- 4036220
TI  - [Comparative studies of contractile heart function using impedance, echo-, radio-
      and apex cardiography].
AB  - 89 patients (31 healthy subjects, 31 hypertensives, and 27 patients with coronary
      heart disease) were examined simultaneously by means of impedance (ICG)-,
      ultrasonic (UCG)-, radio (RCG)-, and calib. and diff. apex cardiography (cACG).
      There were found significant correlations between the ICG-, UCG-, and RCG
      parameters, all describing the heart function in the auxotonic ejection phase.
      Whereas there were no significant correlations between the methods mentioned and
      the cACG. Of all investigated parameters in hypertensives only the quotient A/S
      of cACG is significantly increased compared with persons with healthy heart and
      circulation. In patients with coronary heart disease all the parameters of the
      auxotonic ejection phase are significantly decreased, the isometric contraction
      time and the quotient A/S are increased.

PMID- 4036221
TI  - [Bromocriptine treatment of hyperprolactinemia].
AB  - In 36 female patients with microprolactinoma was carried out a primary therapy
      and in 19 patients (10 males, 9 females) with a postoperatively persisting
      hyperprolactinaemia a secondary therapy with bromocriptine. In close correlation
      between the PRL-levels and the bromocriptine dose we achieved a normalisation of
      the hormone levels in the microprolactinomas. A normalisation of the cycle was
      observed in 80%, a persisting of the galactorrhoea in about 90% and a conception
      in nearly two thirds of the women. Also in those patients who underwent a
      secondary therapy in nearly 80% a decrease of the PRL-levels into the normal
      region developed. In a longterm therapy with bromocriptine a reduction of the
      dose may become possible, so that controls of the hormone levels are necessary in
      larger intervals. Most side effects of a bromocriptine treatment are transitory.

PMID- 4036222
TI  - [The lipoprotein profile of hypertensive patients and its modification by 4 weeks
      of physical training during spa treatment].
AB  - Investigations of the lipoprotein spectre on 47 male patients with hypertension
      (mean 49.6 years) achieved a higher proportion of vasoaggressive lipoproteins
      than in 26 male healthy controls. With the exception of the genetically
      determined and familial forms respectively, we class the hyperlipoproteinaemia
      and the dyslipoproteinaemia with the acquired metabolic influences for the
      manifestation and the further development of a hypertension. By general aerobic
      perseverance training the hypertension as well as the hyperlipoproteinaemia can
      be positively influenced.

PMID- 4036223
TI  - [Therapy of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections].
AB  - At present every case of tuberculosis recognized in time is curable. The
      antituberculotic remedies have a causal effect, since they achieve a destruction
      of the germs. Decisive for the success are the observing of the treatment
      instructions and the cooperation with the patient in a period of 6-9 months. The
      action mode of the basic pharmaceutic agents, the dynamics of bacterial
      populations and the newest therapy recommendations are listed in tables. In the
      case of leprosy we look forward to similar results. Here the chemotherapy must,
      however, be performed for 2 years and longer. In the Buruli-ulcer (mycobacterial
      skin ulcer) after additional surgical interventions are still to be recommended.
      Mycobacterioses caused by other human-pathogenic atypical mycobacteria are also
      cured by a specific treatment of 1-2 years. In particular cases resection are
      still necessary.

PMID- 4036224
TI  - [Hemodynamics and morphologic changes following stroma-free hemoglobin solutions
      in animal experiments].
AB  - Hemodynamics and pathomorphological signs after infusion of a stroma-free
      hemoglobin solution with defined stroma rest contend were registered in 24
      minipigs. The small intravascular persistence and potential toxicity were the
      disadvantages of the solution. We noted a falling down of the central venous
      pressure and an ascent of the middle arterial pressure so the total peripheral
      resistance.

PMID- 4036225
TI  - [Changes in protein metabolism in cachexia and catabolism].
AB  - Cachexia as a consequence of a catabolic state (stress metabolism) and cachexia
      as a consequence of too small food intake (inanition metabolism) have to be
      distinguished from each other fundamentally. A typical amino acid distribution in
      plasma, muscle, and liver can be observed in the protein catabolic patient. The
      glutamine metabolism seemed to be of special interest in the severe catabolic
      patient (e. g. sepsis). Glutamine is the amino acid with the biggest part of the
      free amino acid pool. This glutamine pool is reduced in the protein catabolic
      patient. A connexion seems to exist between the lower muscle glutamine
      concentration and the prognosis of the patient. The parenteral nutrition can
      stimulate the protein synthesis, but not suppress the protein hydrolysis. Perhaps
      catabolic factors as, for instance, interleucine I take part in that. These
      stimulate the protein hydrolysis over the prostaglandin metabolism.

PMID- 4036226
TI  - N tau-methylhistidine: inhibitor of hepatic protein synthesis?
AB  - Protein synthesis in isolated perfused rat livers has been studied. Aminoacids at
      physiological rat concentration (U-14C)-Leucine 0.065 muCi/ml and N Tau
      Methylhistidine His (Tau-Me) were added to the perfusion medium. His (Tau-Me)
      from 0.01 to 2.0 mM causes a reduction between 40-60% in the rate of secreted
      proteins, independently of the His (Tau-Me) concentration.

PMID- 4036227
TI  - [Acute mucosal damage of the stomach of the Wistar rat and its prevention with
      the drug combination droperidol/atropine--an animal experiment study].
AB  - The employment of the alpha receptor blocking Droperidol with and without
      combination of atropine for prophylaxis of the acute mucosal damage of the
      stomach was investigated in the experimental animal Wistar rat. The
      immobilisation stress in the stress roll was chosen as stress model. The animals
      get an infusion programme by a central venous catheter. The stomachs were
      searched for macroscopic mucosal changes after an immobilisation period of 6
      hours. The results were certained statistically. The acute mucosal damage in the
      rat stomach could be prevented in 100% (p 0.05) by means of the drug combination
      Droperidol/atropine (IV).

PMID- 4036228
TI  - [Determination of the chemical composition of gallstones by roentgen
      ultrastructural analysis].
AB  - The definition of the chemical composition of human gallstones is shown by means
      of X-ray fine structure analysis. The simple method allowed a prompt distinction
      in stones poor and rich in cholesterol and of other ingredients. The method needs
      smallest test quantities (2 mg) in regard for a conservative medicamentous
      therapy.

PMID- 4036229
TI  - [Testing of polyurethane as an implant for its biological compatibility].
AB  - A simple biological method is described for testing the biological compatibility
      of plastics without histological investigation. This is the implantation into the
      anterior chamber of the rabbit eye. The test material is polyurethane soft foam
      (SYSpur). It can be observed as biologically compatible. This result agreed with
      expert opinions on toxicity and histocompatibility.

PMID- 4036230
TI  - [Effect of halothane on polarographic pO2 measurement].
AB  - The oxygen level is changed significantly in case of polarographic oxygen
      measurements in presence of halothane. This fact can cause a false estimation of
      the measuring result.

PMID- 4036231
TI  - [Use of vasectomy].

PMID- 4036232
TI  - [Fertility of smokers and nonsmokers].
AB  - The contradictory findings concerning the influence of smoking on spermatogenesis
      that have so far been presented in literature were derived from fertility
      patients in retrospective studies; our data, in contrast, are based on a blind
      study of 333 voluntary test persons. The data of 95 smokers and 83 non-smokers
      remained to be evaluated after application of the following exclusive criteria:
      comparatively high consumption of alcohol, taking of drugs, taking of medicine,
      radioactive exposure, and genital diseases. Significant differences between the
      two groups were only found with regard to behavior; smokers revealed a higher
      rate of divorces, they drank alcohol and took drugs more frequently, and had had
      the first sexual intercourse at an earlier age than non-smokers. On the other
      hand, all spermatological parameters as well as the outcome of cytophotometric
      examination of the spermatozoon DNA showed a close correlation between smokers
      and non-smokers. Although an individual (toxic?) reaction to tobacco smoking
      cannot be ruled out, our findings lead to the conclusion that cigarette smoking
      has no detrimental influence on the spermatogenesis of healthy men between the
      age of 20 and 40.

PMID- 4036233
TI  - [How does ketoconazole affect testosterone metabolism?].
AB  - Inhibition of the testosterone synthesis caused by ketoconazole was studied in
      healthy young men. They received the drug for seven days at a dose of 200 mg
      daily. Neither the blood level of total plasma testosterone nor that of the free
      fraction showed any alteration during treatment. 24 hours after treatment,
      however, the response of plasma testosterone to hCG was diminished. These
      findings indicate a delayed effect of ketoconazole on the synthesis of
      testosterone, although its blood levels are decreased to nearly zero. The effects
      of ketoconazole are due to its binding to enzymatic proteins. Thus the link to
      other proteins binding androgens might be possible. Our experiments demonstrated
      that ketoconazole may inhibit the binding of testosterone to antibodies in a RIA
      system as well that to SHBG.

PMID- 4036234
TI  - [The diagnostic significance of short-time intravenous tests with human chorionic
      gonadotropin].
AB  - The normal response of testosterone synthesis to hCG has a biphasic pattern.
      After a short peak within four hours, there is a decrease followed by a second
      peak within 24 to 48 hours. In an endocrine system without other disturbances,
      the short-term reaction is a good parameter for Leydig cell function. We analyzed
      the short-term tests of 266 patients. Clinically normal persons (181) showed an
      increase of testosterone from 8.3 to 10.1 ng/ml after 2 hours. Similar levels
      were found in patients with varicocele, while men suffering from testicular
      hypoplasia responded by lower values (6.2 and 7.8 ng/ml). Patients with
      psychogenic impotence reacted significantly less (9.5 basally and 7.6 ng/ml after
      2 h), whereas normal response was observed in patients with impotence due to
      hypertonus (9.0 to 11.0 ng/ml - n = 7). The comparison of our test results with
      the outcome of hormonal stimulation of spermatogenesis in oligozoospermia (n =
      73) shows that better results are obtained if hCG produces a higher quotient.
      There have been no side effects of the test observed. In 81 patients, blood was
      tested at least 4 weeks later for the occurrence of hCG-antibodies; they were not
      demonstrable in any case. The short-term test is a simple, time-sharing method
      for testing of Leydig cell function.

PMID- 4036235
TI  - [Trust-promoting variables in child-adult interaction].
AB  - As interpersonal trust is recognized as a central variable in child
      psychotherapy, and as psychological research has not yet developed strategies to
      advance interpersonal trust, the question arose by which social behavior
      variables children's trust is determined in the interaction process between
      adults and children. After having developed a most concrete definition of trust
      in terms of social interaction behavior, everyday pedagogical interaction
      sequences involving adults and children were analyzed in order to identify
      behavioral elements or patterns of interaction conducive to trust. According to
      the hypotheses, the behavior classes "positive adult reaction", "adult trusting
      behavior" and the interaction pattern "positive adult response to child trusting
      behavior" were found as conducive to interpersonal trust in children. Furthermore
      the realisation of the pattern "alternation of trusting child behavior and
      positive adult behavior" for a longer period of interaction was identified as
      material to the foundation of interpersonal trust. The realisation of that
      pattern is encouraged by positive and permanent reinforcement of different child
      reactions by the adult and by the child's readiness to react trustfully to
      positive adult behavior.

PMID- 4036236
TI  - [Sense and sense relations in psychopathology].
AB  - The pair of concepts "sensible/absurd" should be differentiated from the pair of
      contrasts "true/false". Whether the relation between a subject and its way of
      being may be evaluated as sensible can not be decided with regard to the
      presumedly transindividual standard form characteristics of the method of
      experience. Sensible or senseless is a statement on a relationship included in a
      perceived field of action, referring two partners within a common symbolic world
      of senses to one another, and thus obliging them to a particular conception of
      reality determining their own and their expected behaviour.

PMID- 4036237
TI  - [Time and anxiety].
AB  - We haven't to speak about "experienced-time", but about the "time-lived". The
      past is experienced the present time is lived in the moment, the future is
      anticipated. To the type of man, leaning to schizophrenia, to melancholia, to
      epilepsy, one of these kinds of time-realisation becomes always specifically
      overwhelming. For the schizophrenics the anxiety is typical, to be not able to
      realise his "self", because the anticipation of future is disturbed. The
      melancholics are anxious, not be able to remain in the orders of the past. The
      anxiety of the epileptics is, to lose the individual beeing in the
      "momentaniness" of the present. All kinds of psychoses are in an immediate
      context with the manner "how the self in his fundament is living and is opening
      the time".

PMID- 4036238
TI  - [Development of a questionnaire for problem solving].
AB  - Presented is the development of a measuring instrument in order to assess the
      problem solving ability (PLF). The PLF consists of 5 scales: a) experiencing
      problems, b) problem denial, c) tendency to solve problems in an unconventional
      way, d) dealing with the problem and e) tendency to conservative problem solving.
      Test-theoretical analyses are reported as well as, in greater detail, studies for
      test validation on various populations. High covariations can be shown especially
      for personality factors.

PMID- 4036239
TI  - [Case history and the "unlived life"].
AB  - This article shows that case history cannot exclude that widely overlooked
      element of the past called "unlived life", which causes undoubted effects on the
      present state and on judgement of the future. Man separates each moment "unlived
      life" from lived historical reality by renouncing, rejecting, missing and letting
      slip. Tragedy as well as hope of human life are captured in the dialectic
      relation of renouncing and missing because man is permanently kept in the
      suspense, whether the reliefing renounce of today might change to a burdening
      sick-making missing of tomorrow. Parallels to the communication theory of D.
      Wyss, and the possibility to get down to the "unlived life" of a patient by using
      the TAT and the "Wurzburg questionnaire" are shown.

PMID- 4036240
TI  - [Compulsion in neurosis, psychosis and psychosomatic disease].
AB  - Obsessive-compulsive phenomena are ubiquitous. Therefore onesided nosological
      categorization, e.g. viewing obsessive compulsive phenomena as variants of
      psychosis, seems inappropriate. After discussing these problems of definition,
      the clinical presentation and relative importance of obsessive-compulsive
      phenomena in neurosis, psychosis and psychosomatic disorders will be
      investigated. It will be shown, that the respective obsessive-compulsive
      syndromes share in common an auto-protective "function", i.e. obsessive
      compulsive phenomena can be regarded as a counterregulative attempt of the
      individual to stabilize unstable structures. That the obsessive-compulsive
      phenomena tend themselves to have a highly pathological quality, is the reverse
      of this coping behavior.

PMID- 4036241
TI  - [Configuration frequency analysis. XXIb. Analysis of type of bivariate curves of
      hyper- and normotensive patients].
AB  - The paper entitled "Configural Frequency Analysis, XXI b. Type analysis of
      bivariate response curves in hypertensive and normotensive subjects" is concerned
      with plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine recorded in the course of a
      mental strain experiment. Plasma level response curves allow to identify
      univariate and bivariate types of response patterns. "Discriminant" and
      "association" types of hyper- and normotensives are demonstrated as two
      alternative ways of interpretation. The types are seen as psycho-endocrinological
      correlates of psychosomatic induced hypertension.

PMID- 4036242
TI  - [Follow-up of patients with minor grades of dilated cardiomyopathy].
AB  - It is not known whether dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with a slight reduction of
      left ventricular contractions represents an "early form" and is liable to
      deterioration. 29 patients (mean age 45 +/- 10 years; 66% women) with mild DCM
      (angiographic ejection fraction between 50 and 60%, mean 56 +/- 3%) were
      prospectively studied for 4.0 +/- 1.7 years. No patients died. Comparing the
      beginning of this study (I) with its end (II) the mean clinical class (I 2.0 +/-
      0.4, II 2.0 +/- 0.4), cardio-thoracic ratio (I 0.48 +/- 0.05, II 0.47 +/- 0.04),
      the end-diastolic diameter of the left ventricle (I 52.2 +/- 6.2 mm, II 53.0 +/-
      5.2 mm) and fractional shortening in M-Mode echocardiography (I 28.3 +/- 6.8%, II
      29.4 +/- 7.1%) remained unchanged. Compared to the angiographic ejection fraction
      at the start of the study, this parameter was slightly reduced in the final
      examination by 2-dimensional echocardiography (46 +/- 7%). One patient with
      definite echocardiographic and clinical deterioration showed from the outset a
      distinct increase in end-diastolic size of the left ventricle. Four patients with
      improvement in M-Mode parameters did not fundamentally differ from the rest of
      the patients. Our results indicate that a slight reduction in contractions rarely
      deteriorates further, and should thus not always be considered as an early form
      of DCM.

PMID- 4036243
TI  - [Follow-up of familial idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium].
AB  - In 1979 the diagnosis of idiopathic enlargment of the right atrium had been made
      in four members of a family, living in the northeastern part of Switzerland. A 5
      year follow-up study of these four patients by ECG, chest X-ray, bicycle
      ergometry and echocardiography showed a variable evolution: One of the two
      patients with the originally largest atria, showed further massive enlargement of
      the right atrium, combined with tricuspid insufficiency. One presented unchanged
      echo findings. In the other two patients with originally smaller atria a
      discrepancy of the course was also observed: in one right atrial size increased
      considerably (with appearance of atrial flutter), in the other patient the size
      of the atrium remained unchanged. In both patients a pericardial effusion
      occurred. Subjective symptoms and physical working capacity did not change in the
      four patients.

PMID- 4036244
TI  - [Prognostic significance of programmed ventricular stimulation in the noninvasive
      registration of ventricular late potentials in the postinfarct period].
AB  - The prognostic significance of programmed ventricular stimulation for assessing
      ventricular vulnerability and of signal averaging for detection of ventricular
      late potentials was assessed prospectively in 132 survivors of acute myocardial
      infarction. The median day of these studies was the 22nd. Programmed ventricular
      stimulation (PVS) included single and double premature stimuli during sinus
      rhythm and paced ventricular rhythms at rates of 120, 140, 160 and 180 bpm. The
      endpoint for stimulation was the induction of 4 or more consecutive echo beats.
      59 of 132 patients (45%) had late potentials in their body surface signal
      averaged ECG. The prevalence was 35% in those with anterior wall infarction and
      54% in those with inferior wall infarction (chi 2 = 3.9; p less than 0.05). In 61
      patients (46%), 4 or more consecutive echo beats were induced. In 28 of these
      patients, sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation were initiated.
      During follow-up (15 +/- 11 months; mean +/- S.D.), there were 4 sudden deaths.
      Neither PVS nor signal averaging were able to predict these events. Spontaneous
      symptomatic sustained ventricular tachycardia occurred in a total of 9 patients,
      all of whom had an abnormal PVS result (sensitivity 100%); 7 of these patients
      also had late potentials (sensitivity 78%). Stepwise analysis revealed that the
      combination of late potentials (duration greater than or equal to 40 ms), and of
      induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia at rates less than 270 bpm had the
      highest predictive value (50%). In contrast, the prevalence of sustained
      ventricular tachycardia was as low as 3% in those without late
      potentials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036245
TI  - [Analysis of right atrium function in patients with chronic pressure overload of
      the right ventricle].
AB  - Right atrial function was evaluated in 16 patients with and without chronic right
      ventricular pressure overload. A simultaneous right atrial pressure recording
      using a catheter-tip-micromanometer and right atrial volume determination using
      cross-sectional echocardiography were performed. The pressure-volume curve of the
      right atrium was composed of an a-loop and a v-loop. The ratio of active atrial
      emptying to right ventricular stroke volume in patients with right ventricular
      pressure overload was significantly larger than in the control group (36 +/- 6%
      vs. 23 +/- 5%, p less than 0.04). The right atrial work was also significantly
      greater in patients with right ventricular pressure overload (6.2 +/- 2.0 mWs)
      than in normal subjects (4.2 +/- 2.0 mWs, p less than 0.04). The ratio of active
      atrial emptying to ventricular stroke volume and right atrial work were
      significantly related in both control group and patients with right ventricular
      pressure overload (r = 0.83). Right atrial work also showed a significant linear
      correlation with right atrial work before active atrial emptying (r = 0.92). We
      conclude that in patients with right ventricular pressure overload the right
      atrium shows more pronounced active emptying and contributes to better diastolic
      filling of the right ventricle.

PMID- 4036246
TI  - [Estimation of pulmonary capillary mean pressure using TM-mode echocardiography].
AB  - The feasibility of estimating the mean pulmonary capillary pressure by
      simultaneous noninvasive recording of the ECG, the aortic and mitral valve
      echocardiogram was tested in 50 patients with miscellaneous heart lesions. The Q
      MVC-/AVC-E ratio was measured from the onset of the QRS-complex in the ECG, the
      closure point of the aortic valve, the early diastolic opening of the anterior
      mitral valve (E-point) and the systolic closure of the mitral valve leaflets on
      the echocardiogram (C-point). A linear correlation exists between the mean
      pulmonary artery wedge pressure and the Q-MVC-/AVC-E ratio (n = 50, r = 0.75, p
      less than 0.001). The echocardiographic derivate index (Q-MVC-/AVC-E) is useful
      in assessing an elevated left ventricular filling pressure, but the individual
      data revealed variation in the predicted relation between Q-MVC-/AVC-E and left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The Q-MVC-/AVC-E ratio is not a useful
      parameter in predicting left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in patients
      suffering from a left ventricular aneurysm or an acute transmural myocardial
      infarction with extensive regional abnormal wall motion. Many criteria such as
      mitral valve disease, atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block and left bundle
      branch block suggest that the Q-MVC-/AVC-E ratio is of limited clinical value.
      The left atrial emptying index was measured by using the amplitude of the
      posterior aortic wall motion occurring in the first third of the passive emptying
      period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036247
TI  - [Peripartum cardiomyopathy--a case report].
AB  - Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), a disorder of heart muscle, presents with the
      onset of cardiac failure in the last month of pregnancy or in the first 5
      postpartum months. A patient with foudroyant clinical course is presented.
      Despite detailed clinical investigations and postmortem examination no
      aetiological factor was found. Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities are
      discussed.

PMID- 4036248
TI  - [Right atrial thrombus formation following transvenous catheter ablation of the
      AV conduction system].
AB  - A case is reported in which the formation of a right atrial mass was detected by
      two-dimensional echocardiography 3 weeks after successful transvenous electrical
      ablation of the atrioventricular junction had been performed. The mass was
      attached to the atrial septum at the site where the electrode catheter used for
      the ablation had been located and it exhibited no mobility. It was interpreted as
      a right atrial thrombus induced by the ablation procedure. Although no pulmonary
      embolic events have been observed during a 7-month follow-up period, right atrial
      thrombus formation must be considered as a potentially dangerous complication of
      transvenous catheter ablation to control supraventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 4036249
TI  - [Carcinoma in the elderly].

PMID- 4036250
TI  - [Functional age of the cardiovascular system and its assessment by age
      equivalents].
AB  - The method for biological (functional) age assessment of the blood circulation
      system has been developed from the age equivalent value estimated on the basis of
      a number of indices reflecting the function of a given system. For mathematical
      processing discriminant analysis was used. Formulae illustrating the biological
      (functional) age assessment of the human cardiovascular system are presented.

PMID- 4036251
TI  - [Aging of lens epithelial cells and their possible effect on lens opacity (senile
      cataract)].
AB  - Proliferation capacity, synthesis of lens-specific proteins, DNA alterations
      after UV- and X-ray irradiation as well as their repair capacity have been
      investigated in tissue cultures with isolated lens epithelial cells of different
      species and different donor ages, respectively. The in-vitro life span of diploid
      lens epithelial cells is limited. It is correlated positively with the life
      expectancy and negatively correlated with the donor age of the investigated
      animals. The capacity to synthesize lens-specific proteins is lost in late
      cultures of lens epithelial cells. The capacity to repair UV- and X-ray-induced
      DNA alterations does not change during aging in vitro, however, it decreases to
      75% in cultures derived from old donor animals (bovine). Together with the
      special growth pattern of the organ lens, the in-vitro results are discussed in
      order to point out a possible mechanism which might contribute to the development
      of age-dependent lens opacities. The system "lens epithelial cells in vitro" is
      considered as a well-suited model system to study age-dependent alterations in
      the organ lens.

PMID- 4036253
TI  - Toxic factors in shock.

PMID- 4036252
TI  - The situation of clinical gerontology in Europe.
AB  - A summary of education in gerontology/geriatrics, hospitals and institutes for
      the aged and organised courses for the elderly in Europe is presented. The report
      is based on a questionnaire sent to the members of the Council of the European
      Clinical Section of the International Association of Gerontology in 1984.

PMID- 4036254
TI  - [Circadian rhythm of parameters of lipid metabolism].

PMID- 4036255
TI  - [Stress proteinuria under various training conditions of athletes].

PMID- 4036256
TI  - [A kinetic method for determination of malate dehydrogenase isoenzyme activities
      in blood plasma and tissue samples].

PMID- 4036257
TI  - [Interference of cephalosporins in creatinine determination].

PMID- 4036258
TI  - [Elimination of foreign impulses in leukocyte counting with the Picoscale type PS
      4].

PMID- 4036259
TI  - [Experiences with the clarification of lipemic sera using Fri-dohna 113].

PMID- 4036260
TI  - On the quality and magnitude of mechanical stresses in the locomotor system
      during rapid movements.

PMID- 4036261
TI  - Linear growth of the tibia in Chinese chinese.

PMID- 4036262
TI  - Age related tooth size variation in the Lengua Indians of Paraguay.

PMID- 4036263
TI  - [Functional morphologic mechanisms of lymph transport].
AB  - The phenomenon of the lymph flow in the initial lymphatics and lymphangions of
      collecting vessels has been studied. Special attention was paid to the structural
      features and functional mechanisms of the lymphatic vascular system as well as
      the influence of extravascular factors on the lymphatic flow. In this context, a
      survey of the current knowledge of functional-morphological research in
      lymphology is given which may lead to a better understanding of a disturbed lymph
      flow under pathophysiological conditions.

PMID- 4036264
TI  - [Triple diagnosis].

PMID- 4036265
TI  - [Myogeloses, their pathogenesis and their lymph drainage, heat and exercise
      therapy].
AB  - Pathogenetically, myogeloses are nonspecific mesenchymal reactions with slight
      inflammatory symptoms which frequently arise due to capillary hypoxemia. The
      exudative muscle connective tissue inhibitions which arise in the form of high
      protein edema are an absolute indication for specific combination treatment,
      which mainly consists of the manual lymphatic drainage therapy of our school. The
      principles and the kinds of treatment in several stages, phases and combinations
      are explained and described.

PMID- 4036266
TI  - [Cases from edema consultations].

PMID- 4036267
TI  - [Medicolegal findings in historic materials].

PMID- 4036268
TI  - Clinical effectiveness of rubella vaccine in a college population.
AB  - An outbreak of rash-like illness compatible with rubella occurred among the
      student population of a large university in Los Angeles between November 1, 1981
      and January 31, 1982. A case-control study was conducted in order to estimate the
      effectiveness of rubella vaccine in preventing clinical rubella in this
      university population. Immunization and disease histories were obtained from
      parents and physicians for 39 cases and 86 controls. For those students with a
      clear documentation of immunization history, only one of 16 cases (6%) had
      evidence of prior rubella immunization, compared with 40 of 56 controls (71%).
      This yielded an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 97% (95% confidence limits of
      82% to 100%). The level of protection observed for students immunized with
      rubella vaccine in our study population was high and comparable to that reported
      in other recent studies. This supports the notion that the current large
      reservoir of young adult susceptibles is primarily attributable to past failures
      to vaccinate school-age children, rather than vaccine failures.

PMID- 4036269
TI  - Mass vaccination programme aimed at eradicating measles, mumps and rubella in
      Sweden: vaccination of schoolchildren.
AB  - In 1982-83, a unique, two-dose programme of immunization with a combined vaccine
      against measles, mumps and rubella was initiated in Sweden. The first dose was
      administered at 18 months and the second at 12 years of age. A vaccination study
      was carried out on 247 12 year old schoolchildren from four schools situated in
      two urban and two rural areas. In urban areas, 30% of children were found to be
      susceptible to rubella and 18% to mumps, compared with 55% susceptible to rubella
      and 31% to mumps in rural areas. The reverse was found for measles, to which 20%
      of children lacked immunity in urban areas but only 6% in rural areas.
      Seroconversion was seen in 82% against measles, in 80% against mumps and in 100%
      against rubella. Follow-up studies of the timing and the virus dosage are also to
      be carried out.

PMID- 4036270
TI  - A Rift Valley fever vaccine trial: 2. Serological response to booster doses with
      a comparison of intradermal versus subcutaneous injection.
AB  - A booster dose of a formalin-inactivated, cell culture-propagated Rift Valley
      fever vaccine (TSI-GSD-200) was administered without significant reactogenicity
      to 60 volunteers 18 months after they received a three dose primary series. Blood
      was drawn for serological testing prior to boosting and 10, 49, and 180 days
      thereafter. Neutralizing antibody response was prompt, being maximum on day 10
      and considerably higher than the peak titres obtained on day 42 after the initial
      series. A marked decline in antibody titres was evident by day 180, as seen for
      the primary series, but residual titres were substantially higher. The initial
      series was given in doses of 1.0, 0.5, 0.3, or 0.1 ml and the immune status
      achieved with these injections was a major determinant of the response to
      boostering. Secondary responses were highly dependent in magnitude and duration
      on the prior immune status of the recipient. Evaluation of dose and route of
      recall inoculation showed 1.0 ml given subcutaneously (SC) to be equivalent to
      0.1 ml administered intradermally (ID), though inference should be guarded due to
      the small sample size. Although 0.1 ml SC dose was inferior to either, it was
      modestly effective. Intradermal administration of vaccine may be useful for
      extending the small reserve of vaccine available for use in emergency.

PMID- 4036271
TI  - Rift Valley fever virus vaccine trial: study of neutralizing antibody response in
      humans.
AB  - The serological response to immunization with a formalin inactivated Rift Valley
      fever (RVF) vaccine was studied in 963 Swedish UN soldiers serving in the Sinai
      peninsula. Antibody titres were determined with a plaque reduction neutralization
      test (PRNT). Attempts were made to give all soldiers three injections (1 ml s.c.
      days 0, 7-10 and 28-30) but 128 soldiers received only two injections. In a group
      of 51 fully vaccinated individuals, repeated blood samples were collected. Fifty
      of the vaccinees seroconverted. Serum collected six weeks after the first
      vaccination revealed the highest antibody titres. The geometric mean titre then
      decreased rapidly during the following two weeks. Six months after vaccination
      sera were collected from 433 vaccinees who had received three injections and 379
      had antibodies detectable by PRNT (88% PRNT greater than or equal to 10). The
      corresponding figures one and two years after vaccination were 223 seropositives
      out of 255 (91% PRNT greater than or equal to 10) and 91 out of 123 (74% PRNT
      greater than or equal to 10), respectively. Multiple stepwise regression showed
      that three injections gave a better antibody response than two injections. This
      analysis also showed that the magnitude of the antibody response was reduced with
      increasing age. Slight, local and general side effects were reported in 6% of the
      vaccinees and these reactions occurred in individuals with relatively higher
      antibody response.

PMID- 4036272
TI  - Stable oil-in-water emulsions: preparation and use as vaccine vehicles for
      lipophilic adjuvants.
AB  - Many of the most potent immunoadjuvants for inclusion in vaccines are extremely
      hydrophobic surfactants. Lipophilic vehicles are needed as carriers for these
      water-insoluble adjuvants and to provide the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfacial
      surface at which they act. We used emulsifiers comprised of fatty acid esters of
      polyoxyethylene sorbitan (Tweens) or sorbitan (Spans) to prepare oil-in-water
      (O/W) emulsions of hexadecane. Emulsion stability could be predicted from a ratio
      of spectrophotometric absorbance readings at 800 and 400 nm but not from
      published hydrophilelipophile balance (HLB) values. Emulsions that were stable
      even after heating or freezing resulted when equal volumes of hexadecane and a
      70:30 blend of Tween 80/Span 80(T80/S80) were mixed and then diluted with normal
      saline solution to the desired hexadecane concentration. This blend of monooleate
      esters has an HLB value of 11.8. Other Tween-Span formulations were mixed to
      yield emulsifiers with the same HLB value, but only those that contained either
      T80 or S80 were effective stabilizers. Instability resulted when both esters were
      derived from saturated fatty acids. Addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA)
      antigen to the oil phase of 5% hexadecane emulsions tended to destabilize the
      emulsions, especially at higher protein concentrations. The surface active
      adjuvant, hexadecylamine, increased emulsion stability. Highest antibody
      responses in mice were seen when BSA was added to the internal phase of
      emulsions, i.e., the oil phase of O/W emulsions and the aqueous phase of W/O
      (Freund's) emulsions. Addition of the hydrophilic T80 to the aqueous phase of O/W
      emulsions was detrimental to antibody production. In general, stability, oil
      concentration, and T80/S80 concentration of emulsions had little effect on IgG
      levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036273
TI  - The rising cost of recruiting interns.

PMID- 4036274
TI  - Polymyalgia rheumatica with normal sed rate and B-thalassemia: case report.

PMID- 4036275
TI  - [Elements in the construction of a universal theory of medicine].

PMID- 4036276
TI  - [Methodological aspects of the problem of dispensary care].

PMID- 4036277
TI  - [The concept of the self-movement of living nature as a methodological basis for
      the dialectics of biomedical knowledge].

PMID- 4036278
TI  - [Logical methodological analysis of the categories of clinical thinking].

PMID- 4036279
TI  - [Systems analysis of the state of mental disadaptation as a scientific and
      methodological basis for studying borderline forms of neuropsychic disorders].

PMID- 4036280
TI  - [The medical experiment, its specific nature and essence].

PMID- 4036281
TI  - [The problem of the ethos and professional ethics of medical workers in the
      Polish People's Republic].

PMID- 4036282
TI  - [Achievements and tasks in the field of medical ethics in East Germany].

PMID- 4036283
TI  - [Health and the environment].

PMID- 4036284
TI  - [Epidemiological and clinico-genetic studies of arthropathic and typical forms of
      psoriasis].

PMID- 4036285
TI  - [Quality of dispensarization of patients with dermatoses in relation to the forms
      of medical services].

PMID- 4036286
TI  - [Multiple reticulohistiocytoma successfully treated with prospidin and
      prednisolone].

PMID- 4036287
TI  - [Spontaneous rosette formation by neutrophils in patients with furunculosis].

PMID- 4036288
TI  - [Skin manifestations in disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome].

PMID- 4036289
TI  - [Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis among the population].

PMID- 4036290
TI  - [Current aspects of the pathogenesis and therapy of granuloma annulare and
      necrobiosis lipoidica].

PMID- 4036291
TI  - [Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria].

PMID- 4036292
TI  - [Scleroderma-like form of porphyria cutanea tarda].

PMID- 4036293
TI  - [Linear pigmented hairy nevus verrucosus].

PMID- 4036294
TI  - [Toxicoderma caused by sweet red pepper].

PMID- 4036295
TI  - [Herpes zoster and chickenpox].

PMID- 4036296
TI  - [Psychoneurological disorders in patients with severe forms of herpes of the skin
      and mucous membranes].

PMID- 4036298
TI  - [Serum immunoglobulins in patients with chronic candidiasis].

PMID- 4036297
TI  - [Treatment of chronic ulcerative-vegetative pyoderma with ericyclin and
      levamisole].

PMID- 4036299
TI  - [Value of mycological tests for the prevention of secondary candidiasis in
      patients with various endocrine disorders].

PMID- 4036300
TI  - [Unusual localization of glabrous skin microsporosis caused by Microsporum
      canis].

PMID- 4036301
TI  - [Effect of photochemotherapy on the melanocyte function of normal skin in short
      term culture].

PMID- 4036302
TI  - [Standard survival medium for performing the Treponema pallidum immobilization
      reaction in syphilis].

PMID- 4036303
TI  - [Results of a discussion of seroresistance in syphilis].

PMID- 4036304
TI  - [Humoral and cellular immunity factors in pyodermatitis patients during treatment
      with hyperimmune antistaphylococcal plasma].

PMID- 4036305
TI  - [2 cases of thymoma in patients with the erosive-ulcerative form of lichen ruber
      planus].

PMID- 4036306
TI  - [Congenital pachyonychia].

PMID- 4036307
TI  - [Dopegit in the combined treatment of vitiligo patients].

PMID- 4036308
TI  - [Acute mercury poisoning from its external use].

PMID- 4036309
TI  - [A case of Norwegian scabies].

PMID- 4036310
TI  - [Isolation of yeast-like fungi from patients with malignant neoplasms].

PMID- 4036311
TI  - [Combined therapy of syphilis patients based on the characteristics of their
      immunological status].

PMID- 4036312
TI  - [Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis)].

PMID- 4036313
TI  - [Sensitivity of serological reactions in the clinico-serological follow-up and
      discharge from dispensary observation].

PMID- 4036314
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of syphilis].

PMID- 4036315
TI  - Radioimmunoassay and characterization of woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen
      and antibody.
AB  - Solid-phase radioimmunoassays for woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen (WHcAg)
      and antibody (anti-WHc) were developed. WHcAg in woodchuck liver homogenates was
      characterized by ultracentrifugation in CsCl gradients; both heavy (1.35 g/cm3)
      and light (1.31 g/cm3) cores were obtained from the liver of an animal during
      acute WHV infection, which is consistent with observations in hepatitis B virus
      infection in man. Endpoint titers of anti-WHc were higher in chronic WHV carriers
      than in animals recovered from acute infections. Both IgM and IgG anti-WHc
      antibodies were produced by infected woodchucks. A survey of colony woodchucks
      demonstrated that 88/89 animals having one or more markers of past or ongoing WHV
      infection were positive for anti-WHc. Thus, serum anti-WHc appears to be a
      sensitive marker of WHV infection.

PMID- 4036316
TI  - The quantitative kinetic study of dengue viral antigen by flow cytometry. I. An
      in vitro study.
AB  - A system effective in the early diagnosis of Dengue virus infection was
      developed. The time course kinetics of Dengue virus type 2 (D-2) antigen in vitro
      were analyzed by Flow Cytometry. Early profiles of D-2 were also studied
      quantitatively through this method of analysis. The early events of host cell and
      virus interaction were investigated: attachment, internalization and replication.
      From these early profiles, the time at which new viral synthesis was detectable
      differed with each individual trial. These different times were found to be
      dependent of the phase of the cell cycle. From these results we could detect
      newly synthesized viral antigen within 10 h after infection.

PMID- 4036317
TI  - [Electric reactive potentials to events of a positive and negative emotional
      nature].
AB  - The event-related potentials (ERP) in the frontal and posterior associative
      cortex in the right and left hemispheres were studied in two different outcomes
      of tennis television game. These outcomes were "win" and "loss" of the ball, the
      first serving as a model of positive, the second--of negative emotional
      reactions. The averaging procedure was synchronized with the moment of ball
      crossing the racket line. The ERP consisted of four waves: P300, N600, P800,
      N1000. The most characteristic interhemispheric difference for the win was an
      increase of N600 wave in the left posterior associative cortex and for the loss-
      a decrease of P800 wave in the right frontal area. Thus the positive and negative
      emotional reactions have specific spatiotemporal organization and are based on
      complicated interaction of cortical areas.

PMID- 4036318
TI  - [Asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres during comparison of paired visual
      stimuli].
AB  - In conditions of tachistoscopic presentation of visual stimuli, healthy (male and
      female) right-handed subjects carried out a paired comparison of the stimuli
      presented unilaterally and in the center of the visual field. In case of
      recognition of images of words and objects, the number of correct answers and
      motor reaction time usually did not significantly differ at two interstimuli
      intervals (1 and 10 s). In comparing images of faces, there also were no
      differences by the number of reactions, and the reaction time was less at the
      intervals of 1 s. The left hemisphere dominated at the identification of words
      and female faces, the right one--at the recognition of male faces. When the right
      visual field was stimulated images of various classes were recognized more
      differentially than at the stimulation of the left visual field. The male
      subjects had more prominent interhemispheric differences than the females. The
      increase of the interstimuli interval from 1 to 10 s brought to a weakening of
      the functional interhemispheric asymmetry and decreasing of the differences
      between the male and female subjects. The obtained data show that in the
      processes connected with short-time memory, functional interhemispheric asymmetry
      is basically formed at the initial stages of the information processing.

PMID- 4036320
TI  - [Role of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in the function of
      generalization in the cat].
AB  - In chronic experiments on cats contribution of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus
      to the organization of the processes of generalization and abstraction was
      studied by means of alternation method. Electrolytic ablation of the nucleus
      retarded the learning and impeded the initial stages of formation of the
      generalization function. Mechanisms of thalamic dementia are discussed.

PMID- 4036319
TI  - [Activity of 3-neuron cortical microsystems in the cat during conditioned reflex
      switchover].
AB  - Multiunit activity in two projection cortical areas (visual and motor) was
      studied in cats at conditioned switch-over of defensive and alimentary responses
      to electrostimulation of the visual pathways. Interneuronal relations of three
      neuronal cortical microsystems (intra-analyzer connections) and relations between
      microsystems in the visual and motor cortical areas (inter-analyzers connections)
      were analysed by the method of crosscorrelation of action potential trains.
      Similar interneuronal relations were revealed in the motor microsystems and
      different relations were found in visual ones at elaboration of conditioned
      switch-over. This apparently indicates the leading role of the cortical
      projection of the signal stimulus in integration of adaptive behavioural act. On
      the other hand, the presence of common bonds for alimentary and defensive
      situations as well as of specific ones for each of them was shown in the
      distribution of interneuronal connections between the analyzers. The former
      apparently provide for the realization of the conditioned effector movement of
      the animal occurring in both situations with participation of the same effector
      organ (the tongue) The latter determine the character of the specific adaptive
      reaction.

PMID- 4036321
TI  - [Functional differentiation of the theta-rhythm of the hippocampus in the cat].
AB  - On the model of discriminating alimentary conditioned reflex with spatial
      separation of the sources of conditioned (CR, light flashes) and unconditioned
      (feeding trough) stimuli the theta-rhythm of the dorsal hippocampus was evaluated
      in cats. Two types of the theta-rhythm were observed in the spectrum of the
      hippocampal electrical activity: low-amplitude, consisting of a slow growing
      theta-waves (type I) and high-amplitude consisting of rapidly increasing theta
      waves (type II). The type I theta-rhythm is sensitive to noradrenaline and
      correlates with behavioural forms directed immediately to the realization of
      alimentary motivation, while the type II is sensitive to serotonin and correlates
      with behavioural forms directed to the source of the conditioned stimulus.
      Enhancement of the type II theta-rhythm takes place during a delay of the
      expected conditioned stimulus. It is suggested that type I theta-rhythm reflects
      a level of activity of the brain structures connected with unconditioned
      mechanisms, with realization of biological motivations, while type II theta
      rhythm is connected with conditioned reinforcing stimuli; it correlates with
      various forms of conditioned orienting reflexes and reflects the work of the
      "nervous model of reinforcing stimulus".

PMID- 4036322
TI  - [Participation of peptides in processes involved in the development of alimentary
      motivation in the rabbit].
AB  - On the base of behavioural and electrophysiological experiments it was suggested
      that in rabbits the realization of the dominant feeding motivation into the goal
      directed behaviour implied at the molecular-genetical level the operative
      synthesis of gastro-intestinal neuropeptide gastrin or its derivatives. It was
      supposed that the suppression of genetic information realization in CNS under
      blocking of peptide synthesis led to impossibility of goal-directed alimentary
      behaviour organization. This mechanism was found to be specific for alimentary
      behaviour; any its connection with defensive motivation realization was not
      observed.

PMID- 4036323
TI  - [Probability analysis of elements of rat behavior after sudden and signalled
      interruption of food reinforcement].
AB  - Probability analysis was carried out of the appearance of single elements of rats
      behaviour in the process of extinction of a conditioned alimentary motor reflex.
      The dynamics of effector behavioural components at a sudden cessation of
      reinforcement (usual schedule of extinction) was compared with cessation of
      reinforcement signalled by a previously differentiated signal and with
      reinforcement cessation preceded by a stimulus initially unknown to the animal.
      If the reinforcement cessation is signalled by a previously differentiated
      (negative) stimulus, in response to its action the animals "loose the aim", what
      is revealed in a rapid complete reduction of all elements of the goal-directed
      alimentary behaviour. Obviously differentiation signal actualises the memory
      trace of "nonreinforcement" which was formed in the previous negative experience
      of the animal; this is revealed in accelerated inhibition of the alimentary motor
      reflex under extinction.

PMID- 4036324
TI  - [Effect of deafferentation of the lateral geniculate body on its background
      activity].
AB  - Elimination of reticular inputs to the lateral geniculate body (LGB) by
      sectioning of one half of the midbrain operculum, did not affect significantly
      the characteristics of the LGB evoked potential to light stimulus. At the same
      time LGB response to stimulation of the reticular formation by a single current
      impulse, though did not disappear completely, but changed greatly: its latency
      became twice as long, the negative component of the response was no more
      recorded. In conditions of LGB deafferentation, the characteristics of all
      rhythms of its electrical activity, besides the alpha-like one, considerably
      changed. At the same time, exactly this last rhythm underwent the greatest
      changes on the EEG of the visual cortex. On the basis of the obtained data it is
      suggested that the reticular formation takes a considerable and multiple part in
      generation of LGB rhythmic activity and that changes in its characteristics are
      clearly reflected in the ECoG rhythms formation. Retention of the LGB visual
      evoked potential and of the response to stimulation of the reticular formation
      after the section of one half of the midbrain operculum testifies to the presence
      of several reticular inputs to LGB.

PMID- 4036325
TI  - [Features of corticofugal effects of the motor area of the cortex on processing
      of heterogeneous afferentation in the parafascicular complex of the thalamus in
      the cat].
AB  - Evoked potentials to somatic and visual stimuli were recorded in the
      parafascicular complex (parafascicular nuclei--centrum medianum--Pf--CM) of the
      thalamus of cats anaesthetized by nembutal. Cooling of the motor cortex was also
      used. The influence of the motor cortex on processing of the visual and somatic
      afferent signals at the thalamic level was found to be direct but different by
      its character. The motor cortex exerted unidirectional facilitatory modulatory
      action of a tonic type on the processing of visual afferentation and general
      facilitatory influence against the background of which particular excitatory and
      inhibitory effects were seen which it exerted on the processing of somatic
      signals. Episodically the motor cortex completely controlled the afferent inputs
      activated by somatic impulses. The motor cortical area non-equally influenced
      afferentation of the same modality forming the different components of the evoked
      potentials in Pf--CM. On the base of our present and earlier obtained data an
      idea has been formed of existence of a general principle of differentiated
      influences of polysensory areas on heterogeneous afferentation on nonspecific and
      association thalamic nuclei, and of realization of these influences through
      separation of functionally isolated subsystems in descending pathways. Each of
      the subsystems by closing separate thalamo-cortical circuits might transmit
      signals of a single modality.

PMID- 4036326
TI  - [Formation of plastic connections of the visual system during ontogenesis of the
      rabbit].
AB  - Analysis of evoked potentials and unit activity in the visual cortical projection
      area of rabbits revealed a definite succession of forming of interneuronal
      connections in ontogeny. In early postnatal period, the neuronal reactions were
      characterized by stable responses with one excitatory phase corresponding to
      initially negative surface evoked potential. Similarity of reactions of neurones
      situated in the same vertical column was observed and explained by functioning of
      a system of rigid connections of the thalamic relay nuclei afferents with
      cortical pyramidal neurones. Beginning from the third week of postnatal life of
      rabbits the neuronal reactions assumed a distinctly expressed phasic character,
      and variability of responses was seen along the vertical line. The changes
      revealed correlated with formation of a system of interneurones providing a
      possibility of plastic neuronal interaction. A study of the influence of
      preliminary cortical stimulation of the associative areas showed that
      intercentral cooperation mediated by cortical interneurones providing a systemic
      analysis of visual information began to form from the third week of postnatal
      life and reached the definitive level at later stages of development.

PMID- 4036327
TI  - [Callosal neurons: monosynaptic connection between them and their descending
      projections].
AB  - Antidromic and monosynaptic unit responses to the stimulation of the corpus
      callosum and the symmetrical cortical area as well as antidromic responses to
      pyramidal tract and thalamic nuclei stimulation were recorded in the sensorimotor
      cortex of unanaesthetized rabbits. Out of 182 callosal neurones 13 exhibited
      transcallosal monosynaptic responses. 8 out of 56 callosal units responded
      antidromically to pyramidal tract or thalamic stimulation. Thus callosal neurones
      may be monosynaptically excited by callosal units via the corpus callosum and by
      the pyramidal tract units. It was also found that a pyramidal tract neurone may
      send a collateral through the corpus callosum and at the same time have a
      transcallosal monosynaptic input. The role of monosynaptic transcallosal
      excitation of callosal neurones is discussed.

PMID- 4036328
TI  - [2 types of neurons differing in their plastic properties: study of ionic
      mechanisms].
AB  - Plasticity ionic mechanisms of 2 types of neurones identified in the brain of
      snail Helix pomatia: habituating and non-habituating to rhythmic intracellular
      stimulation by DC pulses were studied. It has been shown that the development of
      habituation is due to entering of Ca2+ into the cell and by its activation of Ca
      dependent K-conductivity of the membrane, leading to hyperpolarization, decrease
      of input resistance and elimination of spike response to stimulation. Depression
      of Ca-dependent K-conductivity by quinine totally blocks the ability of the
      neurons to habituate to stimulation. The data obtained on non-habituating neurons
      testify that their non-habituation to intracellular stimulation results from
      their absence or weak manifestation of Ca-dependent K-conductivity in their
      membrane. Ca2+ entering non-habituating cells during electrical stimulation may
      have depolarizing and facilitating effects.

PMID- 4036329
TI  - ["Fast" and "slow" habituation of auditory evoked potentials in the vertex area
      in response to repeated presentation of a stimulus].

PMID- 4036330
TI  - [Participation of the amygdaloid complex in modulating electrocutaneous responses
      during extinction of the orientation reaction in the cat].

PMID- 4036331
TI  - [Parity of the cerebral hemispheres in the mechanism of recovery of disordered
      movements after unilateral damage to the motor zone in the cat].

PMID- 4036332
TI  - [Effect of shortening the interval between delayed reactions on short-term memory
      in the rat].

PMID- 4036333
TI  - [Reproductive function in rats with different types of higher nervous activity
      during stress induced by electric stimulation].

PMID- 4036334
TI  - [Active avoidance in mice with Robertsonian chromosome translocations].

PMID- 4036335
TI  - [Automatic device for studying alimentary motor conditioned reflexes in small
      laboratory animals].

PMID- 4036336
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of auto-oxidation products of cholesterol in food of
      animal origin].
AB  - After extraction with methylene chloride, isolation of the unsaponifiable lipid
      fraction and enrichment by two-step column chromatography, the oxycholesterols
      were gas chromatographically separated in the form of their trimethylsilyl ethers
      on a thin film capillary and identified by mass spectrometry. The three major
      products of cholesterol autoxidation were cholest-5-en-3 beta, 7 alpha-diol(I)
      its 7 beta-epimer(II) and 5,6-epoxy-cholestan-3 beta-ol(III). In addition, traces
      of cholestan-3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta-triol and cholest-5-en-3 beta,25-diol were
      detected in some samples. Quantitative analysis was performed with cholest-5-en-3
      beta,19-diol as internal standard. The highest concentrations of I-III were found
      in spray dried egg powders (total amount 15-60 micrograms/g). Parmesan cheese,
      butter oil and sausages contained significantly lower levels of I-III (total
      amount 0.1-2.6 micrograms/g). The concentrations of I-III increased strongly when
      butter oil and beef tallow were heated at 170 degrees C in the presence of air
      for a longer period.

PMID- 4036337
TI  - [Acids in coffee. XI. The proportion of individual acids in the total titratable
      acid].
AB  - 22 acids in ground roast coffees and instant coffees were determined by GLC of
      their silyl derivatives (after preseparation by gel electrophoresis) or
      isotachophoresis. The contribution to the total acidity (which was estimated by
      titration to pH 8 after cation exchange of the coffee solutions) was calculated
      for each individual acid. The mentioned acids contribute with 67% (roast coffee)
      and 72% (instant coffee) to the total acidity. In the first place citric acid
      (12.2% in roast coffee/10.7% in instant coffee), acetic acid (11.2%/8.8%) and the
      high molecular weight acids (8%/9%) contribute to the total acidity. Also to be
      mentioned are the shares of chlorogenic acids (9%/4.8%), formic acid (5.3%/4.6%),
      quinic acid (4.7%/5.9%), malic acid (3.9%/3%) and phosphoric acid (2.5%/5.2%). A
      notable difference in the contribution to total acidity between roast and instant
      coffee was found for phosphoric acid and pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid (0.7%/1.9%).
      It can be concluded that those two acids are formed or released from e.g. their
      esters in higher amounts than other acids during the production of instant
      coffee.

PMID- 4036338
TI  - [High performance liquid chromatographic determination of organic acids, sugars,
      glycerin and alcohol in wine on a cation exchange resin].
AB  - The main constituents of wine (ethanol, glycerol, glucose, fructose, tartrate,
      malate, lactate, succinate, acetate and citrate) were separated by HPLC in one
      run and determined quantitatively in a time of 25 min. The stationary phase was
      the cation exchange resin HPX 87H and the mobile phase was dilute sulfuric acid.
      The results of the HPLC analysis of several wines are presented. Good agreement
      is observed with the results obtained by conventional methods.

PMID- 4036339
TI  - Rapid thin-layer chromatographic screening method for the detection of five
      sulfonamides in swine tissues: collaborative study.
AB  - A rapid thin-layer chromatographic screening method for five sulfonamides in
      swine tissues was studied collaboratively in nine Dutch laboratories. All
      collaborators were sent fifteen swine muscle and fifteen swine kidney samples.
      These were obtained from treated swine or from swine tissues spiked with
      sulfonamides at levels ranging from 0 to 0.4 mg/kg. The study indicates that the
      method is suitable for the screening of animal tissues for these sulfonamides.
      False scores occasionally occur at the lowest levels.

PMID- 4036340
TI  - [Implementation of prevention: imperatives of multiple collaboration and action
      within the community].

PMID- 4036341
TI  - [From prevention to health promotion].
AB  - There has been much talk about prevention in recent years in industrialized
      countries, especially in view of the problems care systems encounter. Often
      however, one refers particularly to secondary prevention, which is in fact the
      first step of a treatment process. It is essential to take into account the risk
      factors acting upstream, which medical professions have not done enough in the
      past. One has not considered enough either the inequalities which are still a
      frequent occurrence in our populations, and the multiples traumas of various
      sorts which present living environments inflict on individuals. Sometimes,
      excessive emphasis has been put on "negative" aspects (blame, social control) of
      prevention. These facts have lead to the elaboration of the concept of health
      promotion (and positive health), which implies an action on the environment, as
      well as the growth of everyone's ability to manage this environment and his own
      development. In this framework the creation of an adequate community oriented
      information system is very important; sharing of knowledge, skills and attitudes
      is indispensable. Health promotion, including the just mentioned sharing,
      includes certain risks. One may even wonder what a life fully focussed on health,
      where any transgression will be linked to guilt feelings, would really be. What
      would be its ideological underpinnings? These problems are by no means neutral,
      they reflect the consistencies as well as the contradictions of our society. This
      is one reason why research is much needed on these subjects in the future.

PMID- 4036343
TI  - [Health and disease: concepts, values amd practices in everyday life].
AB  - The article deals with the health and illness concepts and values of different
      social groups. The results are based on a survey of 443 persons, 20 to 65 years
      old, living in the German or French speaking part of Switzerland. The health and
      illness concepts and values are analyzed and their impact on the everyday health
      and illness practices is shown. Based on these results some conclusions
      concerning health education programs are drawn.

PMID- 4036342
TI  - Low birth weight and preterm birth: the emerging importance of prevention.
AB  - This article on LBW and preterm birth was prepared for this issue,
      "Interdisciplinary Strategies for Prevention", recognizing its US focus in
      relation to a European audience. Although the pregnancy and infant health
      magnitude of the problem is greater in North America, its multifactorial nature
      and serious impacts are experienced worldwide. Emphasis has been placed on its
      high costs vis-a-vis neonatal mortality, childhood morbidity, and medical care
      expenditures for tertiary level management. Three preventive health care
      strategies, linked to an attractive sociobehavioral model, are presented. The
      model displays multiple risk factors and their interrelationships, including the
      pathophysiologic events that lead to LBW and preterm birth. Acknowledging the
      primacy of basic societal level changes, the strategies nonetheless are based in
      the health care services. They call for interdisciplinary interventions as a part
      of preconceptual and prenatal health care. Such approaches as reduction of stress
      and other risk behaviors, improved nutrition, family planning and social services
      as well as strengthening family and community support systems are suggested. In
      addition a secondary prevention strategy dependent on identification of pregnant
      women at high risk of LBW and preterm birth is described. Early recognition by
      patients and providers of signs of uterine irritability may enable prevention of
      preterm birth by prompt treatment with tocolytic agents. Evidence relevant to the
      effectiveness of the preconceptual and prenatal care interventions, insofar as it
      is available, is cited.

PMID- 4036344
TI  - [Interdisciplinary advances in the area of prevention].
AB  - In the field of prevention, there is a need for increased interdisciplinarity.
      This notion requires integration of scientific conceptions and methodology. But
      the social monopoly given to curative medicine and extended to preventive
      medicine doesn't make such an interdisciplinary opening easy.

PMID- 4036345
TI  - [Active teaching of health: conceptualization of intervention programs for
      children and adults].
AB  - The programs described are based on a participant-centered pedagogical method,
      with the objective to make the individual autonomous and responsible for the
      management of his health. The underlying theory is interactionist and socio
      constructivist. The person is continuously changing. Through exchanges with his
      socio-relational environment, he evolves toward affective, cognitive and social
      maturity, provided that he be actively involved in the process. Our educational
      contexts are activities in which each one is involved and on which he later
      reflects. In such group situations, the individual expresses himself, interacts,
      confronts others, which allows him to clarify, readjust and enlarge his system of
      thought. He also is able to better analyze and master his behavior, and to react
      more adequately in front of conflict situations. Each one elaborates his own
      solutions. Such health education programs aim thus at the development of optimal
      capabilities in the person, in order to promote his physical, psychic and social
      wellbeing.

PMID- 4036346
TI  - [Health education in St. Gall schools: experiences from a 6-year project].
AB  - In 1982 a general concept for comprehensive health education in schools worked
      out by an interdisciplinary project team was introduced by the Educational
      Council. Health education is postulated primarily as an educational principle,
      but in addition to this general principle 13 distinctive content areas are put
      forward. In a second phase special project teams for each type of school had to
      transform the general concept into their own specific needs for the age groups
      concerned. The most important experiences from this phase can be summarized as
      follows: Concepts for health education in schools have to be worked out by
      interdisciplinary teams coordinated by an expert belonging to the educational
      (not the medical) system. Planning and introduction of health education has to be
      accompanied by changes in attitudes on all levels; the need for time must
      therefore not be underestimated. The project team has to discuss its results
      repeatedly with local educational authorities and teachers in order to ensure
      practicability and acceptance of its proposals. The cross-curricular nature of
      health education has to be stressed and to be demonstrated by working out and
      applying practicable models. Teachers have to be carefully prepared for their
      task not only by providing them with adequate material but above all by including
      health education as a priority in the training period as well as in postgraduate
      courses.

PMID- 4036347
TI  - [Introduction of health education in Vaud schools].
AB  - The traditional activities of screening are the prerogative of the school health
      professionals. Nonetheless health education should be approached in an
      interdisciplinary fashion and involve the form teachers as well as the
      specialized area teachers. This article describes a program of health education
      which is about to be organized in the canton of Vaud. This programs plans for the
      introduction of health education in the general curriculum and not limit it to a
      specific period or course. The themes are graded to the age of the pupils.
      Documents are being worked out by an ad hoc committee and will be available to
      teachers who desire them. The article also reviews the present activities in
      health education both at primary and secondary levels and reports on a number of
      experiences to make teachers aware of health problems. The article concludes on
      the advantages and difficulties that are linked, on the one hand, to the
      introduction of education for health in the basic curriculum and, on the other
      hand, to the use of teachers as promoters of health awareness.

PMID- 4036348
TI  - [Responding to health needs of apprentices and secondary-school students: current
      programs in 2 Swiss cantons].
AB  - To meet the health needs of adolescents 16 to 19, two Swiss cantons have largely
      modified their school health systems: this paper describes two programs located
      in the French speaking part of Switzerland that include both screening and
      educational activities. These activities are run on an collective and individual
      basis by specially trained nurses and physicians. Three conditions appear
      essential for the effectiveness of such programs: priorities should be derived
      from the needs as expressed by the adolescents themselves. The system should be
      able to adapt constantly to new problems as soon as they are detected. All
      activities should be carefully evaluated.

PMID- 4036349
TI  - [School counselors: from the prevention of drug abuse to a larger role].
AB  - Since 1977, a programme has been launched in the Canton of Vaud (pop. 530,000),
      Switzerland, for the training and use of teachers as mediators in the school
      setting at various levels, to help tackling problems related to the use of drugs
      and other risk situations. They follow and in service training (14 afternoons)
      and are granted, from their working time, about two hours per week to dedicate to
      this function. Their main role is to be available for reference and empathic
      listening to children and teacher colleagues, as well as to headmasters, parents,
      etc. Experience has shown that, in general, mediators are consulted more often
      for unspecific risk situations, such as difficulties at school and in the family,
      or "blues". A survey among 51 mediators in function was carried out in 1984 by
      interviews. It showed a general satisfaction of the ombudsmen with their role. At
      this time, the student population each deals with is around 600 children. Most of
      them say they have seen 10 to 20 new cases a year, and follow them up for two
      weeks to one year usually. Their relationships with various concerned partners
      are good. They have developed both case work type activities and health
      educational ones (but there is no systematic drug related information). Some
      other Swiss cantons and European countries have embarked on similar programs.
      Such mediators appear to make a useful contribution, complementary to efforts by
      other interested professionals and institutions.

PMID- 4036350
TI  - [Breast feeding: the natural means of health promotion].
AB  - Breast-feeding has long been accepted as the best way of feeding young children.
      Promotion of breast-feeding in hospitals has increased the proportion of women
      beginning to breast feed. The maintenance of lactation however needs other
      support, which can be provided by self help groups. "La Leche Liga"'s activity
      centers around this problem. Breastfeeding circles take place in Switzerland too
      and provide an opportunity for sharing experience and learning to solve everyday
      problems.

PMID- 4036351
TI  - [Women and health].
AB  - The author, active within a self help group in Neuchatel, Switzerland, describes
      the reasons for the emergence, first in the U.S.A., then in other countries, of
      the women's health movement and gives indications on the present situation in
      Switzerland. In the major cities groups exist or get presently organized. There
      is a great need for collegial information among women, for more time being
      dedicated to deal with physical, psychical and social aspects of health, and for
      fostering autonomy of the women in respect to their own body and care, including
      self examinations. Unfortunately, up to the present time, the medical profession
      has shown little interest in such endeavours, and plea is made for a more active
      participation on its part in the future.

PMID- 4036352
TI  - [Attitudes and practices of Vaud women concerning the self examination of
      breasts].
AB  - A survey by personal interviews on this subject was carried out in 1984 with a
      representative sample of 499 women living in the Canton of Vaud. The response
      rate was 76.6%. Among the respondents, 61.3% practice BSE, but only 27% do so
      regularly. A complementary inquiry of a group of women who refused the interviews
      shows a lower practice rate. Women aged 40-49 years, who have benefited more than
      other groups from related information through their physicians, are those who do
      BSE most. Our results indicate that such personalized information from a doctor
      is strongly and positively associated with BSE practice (p less than .001), when
      compared with "extra-medical" information (mainly from the mass media). There are
      some negative reactions (fear, reluctance) when the question of BSE is taken up,
      but they are not major ones and do not influence the interest of the majority of
      the women (63.3%) in wanting to be better informed on the subject.

PMID- 4036353
TI  - [Alcoholism and society: secondary and tertiary prevention by directly concerned
      persons].
AB  - Alcohol (especially wine) production and consumption is very much ingrained in
      the culture and behaviors in Switzerland, especially in the French speaking part.
      This makes the fate of people with an alcohol problem particularly difficult, as
      they have to face their addiction, and an attitude of society which is very
      tolerant for drinking but rather hostile to them. Giving up alcohol means
      tremendous loss for the drinker, in various ways. With objectives of secondary
      and especially tertiary prevention, a private association was created in the
      1960's, offering to alcoholics opportunities for meeting, discussing their
      problems, playing. A country house is used for holding retreats. And a home,
      l'Esterelle, was opened in Vevey in 1966, to house abstinent alcoholics during
      the rehabilitation phase. Leadership role in these endeavours are assumed by
      former drinkers.

PMID- 4036354
TI  - [Cardiovascular prevention in the community: the plurisectorial program of the
      canton of Tessin].
AB  - It describes the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases carried out in
      Tessin (Italian-speaking Switzerland). Every single action is addressed to the
      entire population, actively involving professional associations (doctors,
      pharmacists, nurses, shop-keepers, etc.) and making use in particular of the
      collaboration of the mass-media (daily press, radio, television). The described
      actions concern the struggle against the cardiovascular risk factors through the
      daily diffusion of tv advertisements, free measurement of arterial pressure, and
      the possibility of disposing in the majority of regional restaurants of a "Health
      menu" with a low content of saturated fats and cholesterol. In 1984 every citizen
      of Tessin has been reached by an average of 24 "preventive messages".

PMID- 4036355
TI  - [Interdisciplinary strategies in prevention: contribution of nursing
      practitioners].
AB  - This article gives an overview of concepts basic to the notion of prevention as
      it is understood in nursing today. Human being, disease and health are defined.
      Different examples of the possible role of nurses in primary, secondary and
      tertiary prevention are proposed.

PMID- 4036356
TI  - [Preventive action potential of the primary care physician].
AB  - Until now, general practitioners have not integrated prevention as an important
      component of their work. There is a need to sensitize them to a preventive
      outlook. The family physician is in a privileged position for such activity, as
      he maintains a lasting relationship with his patients and knows their
      environment. He has a pedagogical role, to be accepted and fulfilled, especially
      in providing the necessary reference and support for the patient to envisage a
      behavior change. Examples are given of practical situations where such a role is
      important: overweight, smoking, gynecological screening and a community-wide
      health education campaign. The author proposes also a self evaluation
      questionnaire, which practitioners or sickness funds could periodically hand out.

PMID- 4036357
TI  - [Teaching social and preventive medicine to pharmacy students].
AB  - The new Swiss reglementation for the final examination of students in
      pharmaceutics make social and preventive medicine a mandatory part of the
      curriculum. The number of hours attributed to the new subject differ markedly
      between the various schools of pharmacy. They are influenced by the attitude of
      the institutes and faculties (schools), professional societies but also by the
      students involved. The experiences of the first year are briefly discussed. Most
      important is to use the opportunity to improve the collaboration between the
      different partners in health care.

PMID- 4036358
TI  - [Role of the sanitary engineer in public health].
AB  - This role is exemplified through four cases: the Zermatt typhoid epidemics of
      1963, a sanitary survey in Ouagadougou, the bioaccumulation of pollutants in the
      burbots of Swiss waters and the damages of earthwork in developing countries
      (roads and dams). The dynamic feature of the concept of "environmental health" is
      underlined and justifies the inclusion of public health subjects in the training
      curricula of sanitary engineers.

PMID- 4036359
TI  - [The law, a possible factor in the promotion of preventive medicine?].
AB  - The author observes first the uneven or even contradictory character of existing
      Swiss law, aggravated by a lack of coordination in terms of its application. He
      proposes several examples, though noting that the new Federal law on protection
      of the environment, for which a comprehensive approach has been adopted, might
      mark a new trend. In a second part, he describes the importance, in the field of
      prevention, of general constitutional principles the legislator has to take into
      account, above all in cases of envisaged limitations of fundamental rights. He
      proposes some legal guidelines which could influence the evolution of health law
      even in the absence of a direct restriction of individual freedom. An
      interdisciplinary approach is a necessary condition, especially a close
      collaboration between physician and lawyer.

PMID- 4036360
TI  - [Prevention in health and environmental policy].
AB  - The article intends to show how important prevention is; not only in the politics
      of public health, but also in those of environmental protection. A few examples
      picked out of different fields make it evident that measures provided for
      environmental protection are at the same time useful to human health. One of the
      main points is the interpretation of the principle of prevention being one of the
      most eminent principles mentioned in the federal law on environmental protection,
      which was put into force on 1st January 1985. Particular importance is to be
      attributed to the environmental impact assessment as an instrument of prevention.
      A further main point shows the difficulties and limits that exist when due
      consideration to the principle of prevention is to be procured. In order to
      surmount these obstacles, information and enlightenment as well as motivation of
      each individual citizen are highly important.

PMID- 4036362
TI  - [1985 scientific meeting, Lausanne].

PMID- 4036361
TI  - [Interdisciplinary prevention--a critical analysis of the situation].
AB  - We witness a general trend towards increasing specialization and particularism.
      In Switzerland, this is determined in part by historical and political factors.
      This trend influences especially the fields of biomedical research, education,
      the functioning of the health system and the protection of the environment.
      Preventive medicine is confronted with several obstacles. It certainly is not
      simple to implement interdisciplinary strategies for prevention and health
      promotion. It is urgent to make additional resources available, through the
      creation of a Prevention Fund. Integration and interdisciplinarity are to be
      promoted in pre and postgraduate training, in research and in the
      administrations. For the Swiss Society for Social and Preventive Medicine, a
      consequence is that collaboration has to be strengthened with societies and
      organisations, medical or not, which have similar purposes.

PMID- 4036363
TI  - Can modern therapy influence the prognosis of brain injuries in childhood?
AB  - A standard therapy and the outcome following severe head injury in 51 children
      are presented. The Glasgow-Coma-Scale was used for classification. Initial
      therapy included intubation, hyperventilation, ICP monitoring, and barbiturate
      coma. 14 children had a normal ICP recording, 13 showed moderate (-35 mmHg) ICP
      elevations, and 23 had recurrent ICP elevations above 35 mmHg. Only one patient
      survived in a vegetative state. Overall mortality was 21%. All but one of the
      survivors were controlled one year after the accident. School performance, social
      integration and the Glasgow-Outcome-Scale were controlled for judging the
      results. 82% of the surviving children were able to visit a normal school.

PMID- 4036364
TI  - [Objectivization of psychosocial characteristics in chronic physical deformities.
      Example: Funnel chest--results of an integrative diagnosis].
AB  - In a thorough investigation of 164 characteristics (sequelae) in 41 patients with
      funnel chest, the fundamentals of a method for "integrating diagnosis" are
      presented. The symptoms "funnel chest" can be of varied significance, according
      to the degree of deformity, ranging from a severe handicap to a cosmetic fault.
      This paper suggests a possible way of objectivating the symptoms, which are often
      only subjective or only indirectly correlated with the basic illness. Such
      (psychosocial) stress increases with increasing age, or rather with increasing
      self-reflection. In these patients, one finds, among other symptoms, reduced
      capacity for exertion, inhibition of autonomous tendencies, poor estimation of
      their appearance, subjective feelings of stigma, exaggerated suggestibility,
      orientation towards failure, fear, and specific shame reactions. The formation of
      these reactions has a concrete effect on all essential aspects of the patient's
      way of life. It is recommended that the term "cosmetic indication" be no longer
      used in diagnosis, and that specific psychotherapeutic measures, as well as
      operative correction, should as a rule be carried out.

PMID- 4036365
TI  - Soft-tissue sarcomas in childhood. A study of 262 cases including 169 cases of
      rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - Although numerous investigations of soft-tissue sarcomas of childhood have been
      done, there are still many unsolved problems in the diagnosis, histogenesis, and
      biological behaviour of such tumours. In the present study, the soft-tissue
      sarcomas collected at the Paediatric Tumour Registry in Kiel were investigated.
      There was a total of 262 cases, including 169 (64.5%) in which a definite
      diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma had been made. An analysis of the age distribution
      showed that rhabdomyosarcoma is more than three times as frequent as non
      rhabdomyosarcomatous soft-tissue tumours in the first quinquennium.
      Rhabdomyosarcoma exhibited male predominance (male-to-female ratio 1.45:1),
      whereas non-rhabdomyosarcomatous tumours showed an approximately equal sex
      distribution. Among the cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, the embryonal type clearly
      predominated (approx. 70%); the alveolar type was less common (approx. 20%).
      Correlation of histology with prognosis revealed that even tumours showing tiny
      foci with an alveolar pattern in otherwise solid, undifferentiated
      rhabdomyosarcoma, must be classified as alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Cases of
      alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma showed a higher incidence of local recurrence, lymph
      node metastasis, distant metastatic spread, and death, than did cases of
      embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. It is concluded that "cytological differentiation"
      does not improve the prognosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.

PMID- 4036366
TI  - [Ultrashort segment Hirschsprung disease. An objective picture of the disease
      substantiated by biopsy].
AB  - The enzyme histotopochemical characteristics of 18 cases with ultrashort
      Hirschsprung's disease - investigated during the past 20 years - are analysed.
      The aganglionic segment, having an extension of 1-3 cm, is characterised by an
      increase of acetylcholinesterase activity in parasympathetic nerve fibres of the
      muscularis mucosae. A similar increase of acetylcholinesterase in the nerve
      fibres of the lamina propria mucosae - as characteristic in Hirschsprung's
      disease - is usually absent. Strip biopsies which include mucosa of the linea
      dentata and the distal rectum often show the transition from the aganglionic to
      the innervated mucosa. To avoid a faulty diagnosis by overlooking an ultrashort
      Hirschsprung's disease, it is recommended to take the first biopsy from the linea
      dentata, and biopsies 1 cm, 2 cm and 4 cm above this level, or to conduct a strip
      biopsy of 1-2 cm length taken from this area. 2/3 of the cases investigated were
      diagnosed during the first year of life. In 1/3 of the cases the diagnosis was
      made in patients who were 4 to 21 years of age. The average incidence of the
      ultrashort Hirschsprung's disease is 10% in relation to all aganglionoses
      studied. In recent years, however, diagnosis of this particular rectum disease
      was made more often (14%) due to a better knowledge of the disease (6.8% of all
      investigated inborn innervation failures of the colon). Ultrashort Hirschsprung
      is a rare disease, although it is observed more often than total aganglionosis of
      the colon (Zuelzer-Wilson syndrome). The sex ratio, being 5 male male: 1 female,
      is within the range of Hirschsprung's disease. Hence, enzyme histotopochemical
      means enable substantiation of ultrashort Hirschsprung's disease as a special
      form of an aganglionosis of the distal rectum.

PMID- 4036367
TI  - Abdomino-extended sacroperineal approach in high-type anorectal malformation--and
      a new operative method.
AB  - From 1971 onwards we have been examining the anatomy and histology of sphincter
      components in patients with several anorectal malformation who died of associated
      anomalies. These histological studies demonstrated that not only puborectal
      muscle but also the superficial and deep external sphincters exist, even in the
      high type anomalies, and that the mass of external sphincter is located above the
      anal dimple. Moreover, the inner circular muscle of rectum is thickened at the
      level of the closest part of the fistula. Based on our histological studies, we
      devised our new operation to use all the sphincter musculature effectively for
      the newly reconstructed anal canal. Our new surgical procedure is clearly
      different from Kiesewetter-Rehbein's method in that the puborectal muscle is
      penetrated from the outside of rectal wall and might be damaged, since puborectal
      muscle is attached to the blind pouch of rectum. Moreover, the puborectal muscle
      and the external sphincters can be easily identified by electrical stimulation
      under direct vision from extended sacroperineal approach. And the colon can be
      pulled exactly through the centre of the external sphincters and puborectal
      muscle under direct vision without causing any damage to these important
      sphincters, unlike Pena's operation.

PMID- 4036368
TI  - Childhood urolithiasis in Iran: a comparative study on the calculi composition of
      121 cases.
AB  - Within 12 years, 165 cases of urolithiasis were observed at the Children's
      University Hospital of Teheran. The incidence of urolithiasis amounts to 1 case
      in 300 paediatric hospitalizations. 160 calculi from 121 children were analysed
      by various methods: semiquantitative chemical analysis (Mercognost), x-ray
      diffraction, polarising microscopy on thin sections. In about 25% of the cases
      metabolic disorders or malformations were found responsible for urolithiasis. In
      100 cases, stone formation was attributed to the upper and in 21 cases to the
      lower urinary tract. Calcium oxalates are the most frequent constituents,
      followed by ammonium acid urate. The core of the stones in the upper tract was
      mostly composed of calcium oxalate. Ammonium acid urate was the second important
      core component, but occurred especially enriched in the lower urinary tract. On
      the basis of these and literature data, the lack of ammonium acid urate in
      juvenile stones in Europe and the USA seems surprising. Thus, it must be assumed
      therefore, that ammonium acid urate is a key to understanding the formation of
      endemic calculi. The cases studied support that with increasing standard of
      living, the incidence of bladder stones decreases.

PMID- 4036369
TI  - Technique of covering the raw surface of the spleen after partial splenectomy.

PMID- 4036370
TI  - [Anemic infarct of the liver following blunt abdominal trauma].
AB  - Particularly in childhood, ischaemias of the liver are very rare. This is due to
      numerous collateral vessels and a dual blood supply of the liver. We, therefore,
      report on a 2-year old boy who suffered from an anaemic infarction of the whole
      left lobe of the liver after a fall. The clinical course and findings, including
      histology, are described. After resection of the left lobe the boy was free of
      symptoms.

PMID- 4036371
TI  - Purpura fulminans in neonates and childhood.
AB  - Three cases of purpura fulminans are reported. A five-year-old boy was
      successfully treated for purpura fulminans but had autoamputation of both legs
      and autolysis of bladder and urethra. He did not show any sign of shock at the
      onset of the disease. However, before an irreversible change of the skin lesion
      and organ involvement occurred, prompt diagnosis was effected, and aggressive
      treatment was given. An eight-day-old girl suffered from purpura fulminans at her
      four extremities, skull, bladder, ovary and vagina. Interesting findings were
      obtained in case 2, who had a positive family history. Several black spots in the
      extremities had disappeared spontaneously before admission, whereas the other
      lesions got progressively worse, with subsequent severe attack. Her general
      condition was not parallel to the severity of the disease. A 20-day-old boy had
      purpura fulminans after severe aspiration pneumonia, and showed a typical
      clinical course of the disease. In all patients, sudden drop of Hb and
      leukocytosis occurred after the skin lesion appeared. The diagnosis was
      unequivocal in these cases. Clotting time and FDP were good indicators of the
      progress of the disease in conjunction with the clinical features. Prompt
      diagnosis and aggressive therapy are necessary, not according to the patient's
      condition, but according to the laboratory findings and the serious nature of the
      disease. Internal haemorrhage must be considered as well as the skin lesion, this
      being a fatal complication.

PMID- 4036372
TI  - Closed loop intestinal obstruction due to vitello-intestinal remnants.
AB  - Two young children presented with acute small bowel obstruction associated with
      closed loop ileal obstruction caused by Meckel's diverticulum and vitello
      intestinal duct remnant respectively. In each, resection of the vitelline remnant
      and ischaemic ileum with primary small bowel anastomosis resulted in good
      recovery.

PMID- 4036373
TI  - [Understanding the life history: diagnostic, therapeutic and methodologic
      viewpoints].
AB  - The concept of "life history" is the theme of this discussion. Working from a
      selection of therapy models (Duhrssen, Cremerius, Loch, Kohut, Morgenthaler) it
      can be shown that in every therapeutic approach various segments from the problem
      area of life histories in general can be isolated, developed and made into the
      central point of therapeutic activity. The relevant consequences for diagnosis,
      therapy and research will be clarified with respect to present-day movements in
      therapeutic psychoanalysis (ego-psychology, the analysis of narcissism,
      hermeneutic psychoanalysis).

PMID- 4036374
TI  - [Psychosomatic reactions to the experience of near death. A state of affective
      dissociation].
AB  - The feelings of persons who had encountered life-threatening danger were analysed
      and compared with the feelings of persons, who are in hypnosis or trained in
      autogenic training. The symptoms are widely alike. The result of the comparison
      is, that there exists a state of affective dissociation, which can be caused by
      conscious or unconscious actions.

PMID- 4036375
TI  - [Psychodiagnostic studies in dialysis patients of a center and a limited care
      facility].
AB  - In order to find out how far center hemodialysis (ZD) and limited-care
      hemodialysis (LCD) influence adjustment and being of the afflicted persons, 21 ZD
      patients and 19 LCD-patients were examined psychodiagnostically with the
      following tests: Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study, Taylor's Manifest Anxiety
      Scale (adapted to German conditions), and Freiburger Personlichkeits-Inventar. By
      means of statistical analysis it could be shown that the hemodialysis patients do
      not present themselves to their fellow-men in accordance with their real thinking
      and feeling. This behaviour brings on the peril of deviating attitudes which can
      affect their vigour. The LDC-patients gave much more indications of autonomous
      self-responsibility than the ZD-patients did. Psychotherapeutic efforts primarily
      should counteract regressive tendencies.

PMID- 4036376
TI  - [Stress in the life of Nigerian diabetics].
AB  - The authors set out to answer the question (a) whether there are stress
      conditions in the life histories of Nigerian diabetic patients and (b) whether
      diabetic patients have complaints which have psychiatric significance. With
      regard to the first question, important biographic data of 54 diabetics were
      elicited. A constellation of significant stressful life situations was found
      among the diabetics such as early loss of father, being first borns, born of
      polygamous parents, being themselves polygamous, being the children of the first
      wives, and producing many children without having the adequate professions to
      yield the necessary financial resources to train them. Loneliness was not seen as
      part of these stressful life situation since almost all of them were married.
      With regard to the second question, the Enugu Somatization Scale was administered
      to the above mentioned diabetics (n = 54). It was found that about 37% of the
      diabetics have somatic symptoms which are indicative of psychiatric disturbance.

PMID- 4036377
TI  - [Diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism by selective determination of
      parathyroid hormones].
AB  - Due to a hypercalcaemia and changeably appearing hypercalciuria 13 patients with
      relapsing urolithiasis were under suspicion of a primary hyperparathyroidism.
      After selective sounding and withdrawal of blood from the cervical veins in all
      cases the determination of parathormones was performed and always an increased
      activity of parathormones was found. The exploration of the cervical region
      carried out could in 11 performed operations in 8 cases prove an adenoma and in 3
      cases a hyperplasia as cause of hyperparathyroidism. A localization of the
      suspected adenoma was in 5 cases possible in combination with the angiography of
      the thyroid gland. By equally high activity in 3 cases no clear evidence was
      possible. An improvement of the diagnostics of localization might be achieved by
      supraselective sounding of the veins. On principle the authors recommend to
      perform a selective determination of parathormones before operation, which in
      case of need is to be supplemented by a selective angiography of the thyroid
      gland.

PMID- 4036379
TI  - [Operative treatment of vesicovaginal fistulas and defects].
AB  - On the basis of 15 own cases the problems of the operative treatment of
      vesicovaginal fistulae and defects are explained. In particular it is referred to
      those criteria which are of importance for the success of the corrective
      operations.

PMID- 4036378
TI  - [Modification of the risk of urolithiasis by changes in magnesium and calcium
      concentrations in the urine as affected by stress conditions].
AB  - Under defined stress conditions, a slight decrease in the calcium concentration
      in the urine of calcium oxalate stone patients on the first and second
      experimental days was observed. Taking simultaneously recorded calcium
      concentrations into consideration, Ca/Mg quotients, were calculated, which, at
      least in single cases, exceed the limiting range, thus signalling an increased
      risk of calculus formation.

PMID- 4036380
TI  - [Inflammatory diseases of the kidney and efferent urinary tract].
AB  - On the basis of a specific definition a summarizing description of the
      inflammatory diseases of the kidney and the efferent urinary tract is given.
      Apart from the description of the bacteriology of the infections of the urinary
      tract the author particularly deals with the significance of the asymptomatic
      bacteriuria, the acute bacterial cystitis, the acute pyelonephritis as well as
      the reflux nephropathy. Besides proposals for therapy references are given to the
      conduction of the patients after treatment. In the description of the chronic
      interstitial nephritis the nephropathy by analgesics is emphasized as most common
      disease.

PMID- 4036381
TI  - [Dissecting aneurysm as a rare vascular disease and its significance in urologic
      differential diagnosis].
AB  - On the basis of two casuistics reference is made to the diagnostic difficulties
      of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta with urological symptoms. A frequently
      empty urological anamnesis, oligo-anuria, colic-like pains in the medium
      epigastrium with pulsating tumour and an increasing acrocyanosis in the region of
      the lower extremities are an imperative reason to think of an aneurysm of the
      abdominal aorta, including the two renal arteries.

PMID- 4036382
TI  - [Cancer of a renal cyst wall].
AB  - It is reported on three cases of cyst wall carcinomata in altogether 202 patients
      (= 1.5%) in whom a resection of the cyst wall was clinically indicated. Only in
      one case there was preoperatively an angiographically proved suspicion of the
      presence of a cyst wall carcinoma. Since there do not exist any exact methods for
      proving cyst wall carcinomata and the slight size of the tumour does not evoke
      systemic, unspecific tumour signs, their evidence remains depending upon
      accidentally found, discrete changes in the picture-producing techniques.

PMID- 4036383
TI  - [Therapy of testicular tumors in childhood].
AB  - Between 1954 and 1984 41 primary testicular tumours were treated in 40 children
      at the age of 0 to 9 years as well as 9 secondary testicular tumours in malignant
      systemic diseases or metastases. The histological reclassification of the number
      of cases revealed 15 yolk-sac-tumours, 10 differentiated teratomas of immature
      subtype, 1 intermediary malignant teratoma, 3 undifferentiated malignant
      teratomas, 2 Sertoli-cell-tumours (1 double-sided) and 5 rhabdomyosarcomas. 2
      children each with undifferentiated malignant teratomas and rhabdomyosarcomas
      died, all before 1970. 5 children with yolk-sac-tumours and 2 with
      rhabdomyosarcomas who since 1974 have been treated with Ablatio testis and
      combination chemotherapy live without tumour. Histological classification and
      division into stages are proved and form the basis of a therapy conception which
      in all testicular tumours apart from the Ablatio testis contains the chemotherapy
      of different intensity (HTK-84), taking into consideration form of tumour, stage
      and age of the children. The retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy is recommended only
      in the proof of metastases.

PMID- 4036384
TI  - [Mature teratoma following chemotherapy in bilateral testicular tumors--a
      critical contribution].
AB  - The histological treatment of preparations of the retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy
      (RLA) after chemotherapy of non-seminomatous testicular tumours results in about
      25% of the cases in the evidence of the "mature teratoma". An own observation
      suggests that a prognostically favourable valuation of this diagnosis is
      justified not without restriction.

PMID- 4036385
TI  - [Possibilities for the use of exfoliative urine cytology in invasive and
      noninvasive bladder cancer].
AB  - In invasively growing tumours of the urinary bladder specificity and sensitivity
      of the urine cytology are sufficiently high with 100 and 66%, respectively, it
      is, however, not successful. Endoscopy and histological ascertainment are now as
      ever prevailing (TUR). Cytology is indispensable to the diagnosis of the
      carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. In non-invasive urothelial carcinomas
      the classification of the WHO after Friedell stands the test. It is also shown a
      better correlation to the cytological findings which more frequently become
      positive with growing degree of malignity. High degree of malignity, multiple
      tumours and positive cytology are to be valuated as particular risk factors
      concerning frequent relapses and their appearance of invasively growing tumours.
      The domain of cytology is the control of the course with curative aim of patients
      who were operated on in order to sustain the organ. Relapses are frequently more
      dedifferentiated than the primary tumour so that the recidivation is often
      indicated cytologically. The endoscopic demonstration of the recidivation may
      still be absent at the beginning. Also for controls under local chemotherapy
      cytology stands the test, in which cases we may not sufficiently judge the value
      of this treatment method due to the small number of cases.

PMID- 4036387
TI  - [Difficult new beginning 40 years ago (1945/1985)].

PMID- 4036386
TI  - UV-repair and mutagenesis in Azotobacter vinelandii. II. Repair and mutagenesis.
AB  - More numbers of mutants were isolated when UV-irradiated cells of Azotobacter
      vinelandii OP were treated with caffeine for a limited period of time after UV
      irradiation. This is encouraging, considering the difficulty in isolating
      Azotobacter mutants. Post-irradiation treatment with acriflavine, however,
      yielded comparatively lesser number of mutants.

PMID- 4036388
TI  - [Significance of fracture form and bone necrosis for the treatment of open tibial
      fracture].
AB  - In a retrospective analysis the author deals with 370 open fractures of the tibia
      which were administered from 1961 to 1980. Treatment by plate osteosynthesis
      proved to be superior to conservative management (13% wound infections, 11,3%
      aseptic complications). Special importance is attached to the degree of soft
      tissue damage as a cause of osteonecrosis in certain types of fractures. By
      presenting a new classification scheme of fractures of the tibia the author is
      able to derive that kind of treatment which is required.

PMID- 4036389
TI  - [Femur shaft fractures in artificial hip joint replacement].
AB  - In a total of 1980 patients who underwent total hip replacement 0.8% suffered
      from intra- and postoperative fractures of the femoral shaft. These spontaneous
      fractures were preconditioned by damage of the cortical layer due to rheumatoid
      arthritis, aseptic and septic looseening of the prosthesis as well as local
      trauma. In most cases stability could be restored by plate osteosynthesis,
      sometimes in combination with change of the prosthesis.

PMID- 4036390
TI  - [Space-occupying processes in the spine in tuberculous spondylitis].

PMID- 4036391
TI  - [Replantation surgery--specific problems, organization and results].

PMID- 4036392
TI  - [The new Charite building and the University Surgical Clinic].
AB  - The new multi-storey hospital of the Humboldt-University in Berlin has a capacity
      of 1050 beds, encompasses a surgical clinic with 312 beds, 11 theatres and its
      own unit for intensive care. All kinds of modern surgery can be performed in its
      7 specialised wards.

PMID- 4036394
TI  - [Catheter peridural anesthesia in serial rib fractures].

PMID- 4036393
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical therapy of lung sequestration].

PMID- 4036395
TI  - [The histologically evaluated accuracy of lymphography in operative therapy of
      invasive cervix cancer stages Ib-IIb].
AB  - 118 of 129 pre-operative patients with invasive cervical carcinoma of stage Ib to
      IIb from 1974 to 1978 were examined lymphographically. Abdominal radical
      hysterectomy according to Wertheim with obligatory lymphonodectomy followed in
      all cases. Results of the histologic examination of lymphnodes have been compared
      with the findings from lymphography, whereby a coincidence could be proved in 84
      per cent of all cases. The correlation for the lumbar and iliac lymphonodi was
      listed separately in 75 per cent of the cases. Lymphography gives significantly
      better results within the lumbar region with an accuracy rate of 92 per cent, a
      sensitivity of 100 per cent and a specificity of 98.5 per cent. It may be
      concluded that a lumbar lymphonodectomy is not necessary in the event of a
      negative lymphography.

PMID- 4036396
TI  - [Clinical aspects and results of therapy in endometrial cancer at the Department
      of Medicine of the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena 1964-76. I: Evaluation
      of primarily surgically treated endometrium cancer].
AB  - In this paper therapeutic results are reported obtained from 444 patients with
      endometrial cancer which were operated on. In 260 patients the primary operation
      was completed by a different radiation therapy. The 5-years-survival rates are
      75,9% Surgical and radiological therapeutic measures are demonstrated with regard
      to their development and to side effects.

PMID- 4036397
TI  - [Unilateral Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (unilateral Mullerian
      dysgenetic syndrome)].
AB  - A case of unilateral Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser-Syndrome is reported.
      Anatomical and etiopathogenetical aspects of the syndrome and a review of the
      literature are presented.

PMID- 4036398
TI  - [Therapy and course of a malignant double melanoma].
AB  - A report is given on the treatment and course of disease of a 38-year-old patient
      suffering from a malignant melanoma (m. m.) of the vagina and of the left lower
      eyelid. In view of the unfavourable prognosis the achieved survival time of 79
      months may be attributed to radical surgical treatment and additional combined
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 4036399
TI  - [Prolapse of the small intestine through the vagina following repeated
      gynecologic operations].
AB  - A case of prolapse of the small bowel through the vagina after gynaecologic
      operations is described. This is a very rare complication and up to date only
      eleven cases have been described. Measures to prevent this complication are
      discussed.

PMID- 4036400
TI  - [Consequences of family oriented obstetrics].
AB  - Attitudes toward motherhood are defined as well by the individual life history
      and learning process as by the social situation of the pregnant women. The mother
      child-relationship can be supported by the hospital routine if there is offered:
      individual pregnancy care, to pay more attention to personal situation of the
      becoming mother, psychological childbirth classes for the becoming parents, early
      skin contact between mother and the newborn, rooming-in and hospital visits for
      the brothers and sisters.

PMID- 4036401
TI  - [Measurement of uteroplacental circulation with 113m indium in diabetic
      pregnancy].
AB  - In 122 diabetic pregnancies the placental blood flow has been estimated
      determining the half life of the activity inflow (2 MBq 113 m In labelled
      transferrin) into the placental bed. We used a highly sensitive detector
      (modified pinhole collimator) and a computer supported evaluation, free from
      subjective influences. 259 flow measurements were compared to the risk of
      complication in the course of a diabetic pregnancy. - The half life values in the
      diabetic group, calculated by a gamma camera computer system by means of an
      iterative regression analysis, were significantly different compared to a control
      group (12 pregnancies without risk.) - Severe diabetic angiopathic complications
      (White classes D, F, and R) are accompanied by higher half life values (placental
      blood flow reductions) and perinatal complications. - Even in pregnant women with
      gestational diabetes or disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism a disturbed
      placental hemodynamic is to be found.

PMID- 4036402
TI  - [Analysis of very underweight newborn infants (less than 1,500 g) 1972-1982.
      Epidemiologic aspects, labor presentation, position and adjustment, method of
      delivery and mortality].
AB  - Infants with a very low birthweight (less than 1500 g) have a fundamental
      influence on perinatal mortality and mortality of babies up to one year also
      nowadays. The epidemiological role of different signs of risk in the context of
      the birth of these children is presented. The total mortality of the infants with
      a very low birthweight (less than 1500 g) was 64,4%. Usually there were
      combinations of factors, which caused the death of the infants. Complications of
      secundinae, immaturity and malformations were the substantial factors of
      lethality of the stillbirths. At the mortality of babies there were intracranial
      bleedings and immaturity (less than 1000 g, less than 28 completed weeks of
      pregnancy) in the foreground of the causes of death.

PMID- 4036403
TI  - [Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy].
AB  - The rare occurrence of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy is reported. Our own
      procedure in pregnancy and delivery is described in detail. The differential
      diagnostic considerations are emphasized. The present situation with regard to
      therapy is discussed with reference to the available literature.

PMID- 4036404
TI  - [Effectiveness of postoperative spa treatment at Bad Elster in patients with
      tubal sterility].
AB  - A survey of a gynecological therapy strategy is described. The results of
      postoperative cures at a spa (Bad Elster) in 69 women, suffering from tubar
      sterility, were investigated by means of physical examinations and
      questionnaires. It was found, that the number of pregnancies (8,7%) did not
      increase. - There was an improvement in state of health.

PMID- 4036405
TI  - [Is cryosurgery as alternative treatment procedure for recurrent hyperplasia of
      the endometrium in perimenopause to be considered?].
AB  - Complex investigations were performed for the evaluation of the local biological
      effect of the total cryodestruction of endometrium in 7 perimenopausal women with
      relapsing hyperplasia of the endometrium before and after (in 3-4.5 months)
      surgery. The following methods were used: radiometry of uterus, cytomorphologic
      and cytomorphometric investigations, RIA of E2 in peripheral blood plasma, in
      cytosol and in a nuclear fraction, and an assay of the state of E2-receptor
      endometrial system. The results of the investigations showed the importance of
      these methods as the objective criteria for the treatment efficiency. It was
      established that the cryosurgery is an alternative method for the treatment of
      this pathology in perimenopausal women.

PMID- 4036406
TI  - [Value of the dexamethasone-mestranol-HCG test for the differential diagnosis of
      forms of hirsutism].
AB  - 20 patients with hirsutism of different severity were examined to study the
      diagnostic assertion of the dexamethasone-HCG-test. The results show, that a well
      defined classification into the different types of hirsutism (adrenal, ovarian,
      idiopathic and mixed forms) is not possible using hormonal parameters.

PMID- 4036408
TI  - [Fertility and Turner syndrome].
AB  - A case of Turner's syndrome (45,X/47,XXX) with one pregnancy is reported. Review
      of the literature revealed additional 31 cases of fertility in women with gonadal
      dysgenesis associated with a 45,X chromosomal line. Abortion and stillbirth are
      frequent and the rate of malformation is high.

PMID- 4036407
TI  - [Bromocriptine therapy of prolactinoma in pregnancy].
AB  - A report is given about the course of pregnancy and delivery of two patients with
      prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas and therapy with bromocriptine. Different
      views about treatment of prolactinomas in pregnancy are discussed. Pregnancy care
      has to be in close cooperation between endocrinologists and obstetricians.

PMID- 4036409
TI  - [Automatic analysis of the spectra of extracellular proteins based on their
      autocorrelation characteristics].
AB  - Hardware and software for the automatic comparison of densitograms, based on the
      evaluation of their autocorrelation characteristics, can be used for establishing
      the characteristics of circulating staphylococcal populations and for their
      epidemiological marking.

PMID- 4036410
TI  - [Epidemiological surveillance--the basis of the modern organization of epidemic
      control work].

PMID- 4036411
TI  - [Frequency of detecting HBsAg among pregnant women living in different regions of
      the Soviet Union].

PMID- 4036412
TI  - [Antibody avidity indices of the saliva and serum antibodies in salmonellosis
      patients].
AB  - The avidity characteristics of salivary and serum antibodies have been determined
      in 179 salmonellosis patients by means of the indirect hemagglutination
      inhibition test. These investigation have shown that, in contrast to serum
      antibodies, no changes occur in the avidity of salivary antibodies in the course
      of the disease. This is due to the fact that secretory antibodies belong to IgA
      which have no tendency to ripening. The regularities thus established reflect the
      role of secretory and serum antibodies in the pathogenesis of Salmonella
      infections.

PMID- 4036413
TI  - [Assessment of peripheral blood monocyte function in pulmonary tuberculosis
      patients].
AB  - As the result of the study of the peripheral blood monocyte function in patients
      with pulmonary tuberculosis, the ingestive capacity of monocytes has been found
      to be suppressed, which indicates the pathological state of oxygen-dependent
      mechanisms governing the bactericidal activity of cells, the most pronounced
      disturbances of monocyte functions being observed in patients with fibrous
      cavernous and disseminated tuberculosis.

PMID- 4036414
TI  - [Evaluation of the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages using the
      tetrazolium test].
AB  - The redox activity of peritoneal macrophages has been evaluated in the modified
      NBT test using tetranitro blue tetrazolium. This method permits the calculation
      of the total amount of peritoneal macrophages and the determination of their
      glass adherence per cent and their cytochemical activity value. The advantages of
      this method over the study of the phagocytic activity by means of phage T2 is
      shown.

PMID- 4036415
TI  - [Detection of Mycoplasma arthritidis and Mycoplasma fermentans antibodies in
      rheumatoid arthritis patients by an immunoenzyme method].
AB  - The optimum parameters of the immunoenzyme assay system for the identification of
      antibodies to M. arthritidis and M. fermentans in the sera of patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis have been established. The investigation has shown that the
      products obtained by the ultrasonic disintegration of the biomass of M.
      arthritidis and M. fermentans can be used as soluble antigens for adsorption on
      the polystyrene surface of plates. The use of the immunonenzyme assay, specially
      modified, has made it possible to establish that antibodies to M. arthritidis can
      be detected in 6.5% of cases, antibodies to M. fermentans, in 41.9% of cases and
      the association of antibodies to M. arthritidis and M. fermentans, in 41.9% of
      cases. At the same time antibodies to M. arthritidis have been found to belong
      mainly to IgM and antibodies to M. fermentans, to IgG or to IgG and IgM
      simultaneously.

PMID- 4036416
TI  - [Reserve potentials of immunity].
AB  - The immunological examination of 350 top level sportsmen has been made at
      different stages of training and competitions. This examination has revealed that
      the reaction of the immune system to superextreme loading can be divided into 4
      phases: activation, compensation, decompensation and restoration. In the process
      of adaptation to increasing muscular loading, characteristic of modern
      competitive sport, the reserves of the immune system are mobilized, and the
      immunological characteristics are thus maintained at the initial level. In some
      of healthy adults the action of superextreme physical and psychoemotional loading
      produces the exhaustion of immunity reserves, which is manifested by the
      disappearance of certain classes of immunoglobulin from the blood and biological
      secretions 1-2 hours after the cessation of this action.

PMID- 4036417
TI  - [Enzyme profile in the peripheral blood leukocytes in acute respiratory
      diseases].
AB  - The character of changes in the enzymatic activity of peripheral blood leukocytes
      indicate the activity and severity of the process and may serve as data for the
      prognosis of the course of the disease and for the evaluation of the
      effectiveness of antibacterial and desensitizing therapy.

PMID- 4036418
TI  - [Changes in the cellular reactivity of guinea pigs sensitized with Bacillus
      thuringiensis].
AB  - Changes in the cell-mediated responsiveness of the body under the action of
      different variants of B. thuringiensis have been studied in experiments on guinea
      pigs. The data thus obtained indicate that the development of sensitization
      occurs in the animals, which is manifested by the increase of the sensitivity of
      leukocytes to the specific allergen and by the increase of the phagocytic
      activity of peritoneal macrophages. The most pronounced changes in the immune
      responsiveness of guinea pigs have been observed after the parenteral
      administration of B. thuringiensis var. galleriae.

PMID- 4036419
TI  - [Erythrocyte reagents for detecting antibodies to species-specific staphylococcal
      antigens].
AB  - Antigenic species-specifics (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) erythrocyte
      diagnosticums have been obtained with the use of different loading methods. The
      cross reaction of passive hemagglutination with homologous and heterologous sera
      have demonstrated that conjugation with amidole ensures the maximum effectiveness
      and species specificity of diagnosticums in comparison with other conjugation
      methods.

PMID- 4036420
TI  - [Histoautoradiographic study of synthesis of neuronal proteins of the brain in
      response to exposure to damaging factors during the prenatal period].
AB  - The incorporation of 3H-leucine into the neuronal proteins of the hemispherical
      cortex and hyppocampus was studied in rats aged 1 and 3 months which were exposed
      to hypoxia and ethanol in the antenatal period. The test one-month-old animals
      showed activation of protein synthesis in neurons and in layers III and V of the
      cortex and hyppocampus. At the age of 3 months the rats showed inhibited
      incorporation of the label into neuronal proteins of the studied structures of
      the brain which was more expressed in animals which had suffered intrauterine
      hypoxia.

PMID- 4036421
TI  - [Effect of leponex on the ultrastructure of the brain].
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of the black substance, olfactory tubercle and
      head of the rat caudate nucleus was made upon a single and a 3-week
      administration of the antipsychotic drug leponex in a dose of 10 mg/kg. It was
      shown that leponex induces hyperproduction of the mitochondria, changes in sizes
      and form of neuronal bodies and processes, and the formation of the membranous
      structures in presynaptic endings. These changes were attended by ultrastructural
      shifts in neurons and glia. The data are considered as compensatory processes of
      mediator receptors of the brain.

PMID- 4036422
TI  - [Morphologic changes in the nervous system in acute carbophos poisoning].
AB  - The nervous system of 13 patients who died of an acute oral intoxication with
      carbophos was subjected to morphological examinations. Vascular changes were
      expressed as congestive plethora, perivascular edema and microfocal hemorrhages.
      Cellular abnormalities mainly included acute swelling, severe ischemic and
      hydropic alterations. Pathomorphology of the fibers was manifested in foci of
      secondary demyelinization in the internal capsule, lateral columns of the spinal
      cord and the peripheral nerves of the extremities.

PMID- 4036423
TI  - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the course of experimental brain edema].
AB  - The authors studied experimental brain edema and morphological changes in the
      cerebral tissue in 2 groups of animals: the test group receiving hyperbaric
      oxygenation (HBO) and the control group. The test animals showed a more
      favourable course of brain injury. Microscopic examination revealed a lesser
      degree of brain edema and intensification of reparative processes in the cerebral
      tissues of animals receiving HBO.

PMID- 4036424
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of immunologic study of cerebrospinal fluid in
      neuroinfections].
AB  - An increase in the antibody titre in the blood serum, previously considered
      sufficient for determining the etiology of neuroinfection can no longer be
      regarded as a satisfactory index in the light of the contemporary level of our
      knowledge. The literature and the authors' own data show the importance of a
      simultaneous examination of antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and the blood
      serum in some neuroinfections. For example, the determination in the
      cerebrospinal fluid of antibodies to herpes simplex virus in herpetic
      encephalitis is considered sufficient (in the presence of the characteristic
      clinical picture) to make the diagnosis of this severe disease. The examination
      of antibodies to herpes simplex virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of 35 patients
      with a suspected herpetic encephalitis revealed their presence in 34% of those
      studied. The data obtained suggest that immunoassay of the cerebrospinal fluid
      and blood sera should be used on a broader scale in patients with acute and
      chronic neuroinfections. The method plays an the early diagnosis of these
      diseases and early administration of the appropriate treatment.

PMID- 4036425
TI  - [Diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia predominantly of central and predominantly of
      peripheral origin].
AB  - The authors examined electrical conductivity of acupuncture points on the face of
      60 patients with trigeminal neuralgia. The results permitted the development of
      differential diagnostic criteria of trigeminal neuralgia of predominantly central
      and predominantly peripheral genesis.

PMID- 4036426
TI  - [Tibiopedal reflex].
AB  - The tibiopedal reflex is described in detail. The clinical significance of the
      reflex is specified, which is determined by its ability to differentiate nervous
      system lesions different in terms of their localization and nosology.

PMID- 4036427
TI  - [Has psychopharmacotherapy had any effect on the chronicity of mental patients?
      (apropos of the article by A.B. Smulevich and G.P. Panteleev)].

PMID- 4036428
TI  - [Morphology of the epileptic neuron].
AB  - Using electron microscopy, the authors studied neurons and their synapses in the
      cortical foci of the brain in patients (1) with brain tumours attended by
      epileptic seizures, (2) with tumours accompanied by no paroxysms, and (3) with
      epilepsy of unknown etiology. The material was obtained in the interparoxysmal
      period. Morphometric study of the ultrastructure showed that morphological
      changes characteristic of epileptization were determined only in axodendritic
      (AD) and axospinal synapses in the form of their massive activation whose degree
      was calculated by collating the area of the "active zones" with the area of the
      entire synaptic surface. In epilepsy this ratio was 10-12 times higher than in
      tumours unattended with seizures. Activation of AD synapses should be considered
      as an ultrastructural manifestation of epileptization of the neuron while its
      extension should be seen as a criterion of the morphological diagnosis of the
      disease itself.

PMID- 4036429
TI  - [Various patterns in structural changes in the cortex and subcortical structures
      of the human brain during the aging process].
AB  - The authors examined the structural organization of cortical and subcortical
      formations (fields 4, 6, 8, 44, 47, 39, the head of the caudate nucleus and
      thalamic nuclei) of the right and left hemispheres of the brain of 6 mentally
      normal subjects aged 30 to 90 years. In sections 20 millimicron thick and stained
      by Nissl's method the authors measured the density of neurons in subcortical
      nuclei, in layers III and V of the cortical fields, as well as the number of
      neurons containing lipofuscin. The identified characteristics indicate
      heterochronicity of the process of ageing in different portions of the brain:
      motor and, particularly, cortical structures are involved in this process earlier
      and more intensively than others.

PMID- 4036430
TI  - [Various quantitative characteristics of the pathoarchitectonics of the cerebral
      cortex in Pick disease and Alzheimer disease].
AB  - On the basis of the study of the pathological architectonics of 6 brain
      hemispheres in Pick's disease (PD) and 4 hemispheres in Alzheimer's disease (AD),
      the author presents data on changes in the size of the surface of the hemispheres
      on the whole and of individual areas and compares them with the mean figures. It
      is concluded that the degenerative, atrophic process in both groups of presenile
      dementia involves the entire brain cortex: the indices of the area of the entire
      hemisphere in all the cases studied were below the mean values. The surface of
      the cortex was shrinked in both phylogenetically new areas (inferior occipital,
      frontal and temporal) and phylogenetically older regions (pre- and postcentral,
      occipital), as well as in the limbic and insular regions. In all cases the
      general regularity was maintained: a decrease in the size of the entire
      hemispherical surface as well as individual regions was more expressed in AD than
      in PD. The exception to this rule was 1 case of PD in which all parameters were
      very low which may be associated with the duration of the disease (12 years).
      There was a certain asymmetry between the size of the hemisphere on the whole and
      of its individual regions. No correlation was found between the degree of
      macroscopic atrophy of the convolutions and the severity of pathological
      achitectonic changes in cortical formations.

PMID- 4036431
TI  - [Muli-infarct dementia].
AB  - Two hundred and fifty-five cases of dementia of advanced age were studied. In 142
      of them (56%) the clinical diagnosis was vascular dementia. In 55 the anatomical
      diagnosis was senile dementia or Alzheimer's disease and in only 40 cases with
      established multiple infarcts (in 38 cases they were localized in the area of the
      subcortical ganglia) the diagnosis was multiinfarction dementia. In 11 of these
      40 cases, multiinfarction dementia was combined with senile dementia and
      Alzheimer's disease. In relation to all 255 studied dementias of advanced age
      multiinfarction dementia constituted 11% in its pure form and 18% in its mixed
      form.

PMID- 4036432
TI  - [Features of changes in vessels of the cortex and white matter of the cerebral
      hemispheres in arterial hypertension].
AB  - The authors examined morphologically the arteries of the surface and
      intracerebral arteries of the cortex and white substance of different areas of
      the cerebral hemispheres in 11 necropsies of patients with arterial hypertension
      who died from hemorrhagic strokes. It was established that arteries of the
      cerebral surface 200-500 micron in diameter were characterized by compensatory
      adaptive processes reflecting structural adaptation of the vessels to a prolonged
      elevation of blood pressure. The intracerebral arteries were considerably more
      frequently characterized by changes induced by hypertonic crises expressed in the
      form of plasmorrhagias and isolated necrosis of the tunica media. The cortico
      medullary arteries 100-150 micron in diameter were predominantly affected which
      accounts for a more severe damage to the cerebral white substance in arterial
      hypertension.

PMID- 4036433
TI  - [Morphology of disorders of cerebral circulation in the white matter of the
      cerebral hemispheres in the newborn infant].
AB  - The author examined histologically the white matter of the brain hemispheres in
      29 mostly immature children who died within 3 days after birth. The newborns were
      grouped by the following kinds of damage to the white substance of hypoxic and
      ischemic nature associated with disorders of the cerebral hemodynamics: endemous
      hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy (EHL), periventricular telencephalic gliosis
      (PTG), periventricular leukomalation (PL), periventricular hemorrhagic
      leukomalacia (PHL) and cerebral hematomas. Certain similarity in the topography
      of lesions in EHL, PHG, PL and PHL was established. The most considerable lesions
      were found in the periventricular white substance of the initial portions of the
      posterior corns.

PMID- 4036434
TI  - [Acetylcholinesterase activity in the brains of rats in a model of alcoholic
      embryopathy].
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (ACE) activity was studied by the Karnovsky-Ruts method from
      the 5th to the 30th day in the brain of young rats born to chronically
      alcoholized animals receiving ethanol for 3 to 5 months prior to conception as
      well as during pregnancy and breast feeding. Alcohol was found to induce
      deviations in the formation of the enzyme in the adjacents nucleus and Broca's
      diagonal strip on days 5 and 20 of the postnatal development, respectively. It is
      assumed that the above deviations are involved in manifestations of the alcoholic
      syndrome of the fetus.

PMID- 4036435
TI  - [Results of creating extra-intracranial arterial anastomoses in occlusive
      diseases of the vessels of the brain].
AB  - The article analyses the results of operations for creating end-to-side extra
      intracranial anastomoses between the branches of the external carotid artery and
      cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery in 62 patients with occlusion of
      the cerebral vessels and in 3 patients with giant aneurysms of the supraclinoid
      part of the internal carotid arteries.

PMID- 4036436
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in ruptured cerebral aneurysms during the postoperative
      period].
AB  - The OKA-MT pressure chamber was used. The course consisted of 6-15 sessions at a
      pressure of 1.6-2.0 at. abs. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) was included in the
      complex of therapeutic measures applied in the postoperative period in patients
      with ruptured aneurysms of the cerebral vessels. From comparison of the course of
      the disease in 47 patients treated by HBO with that in 30 patients not subjected
      to HBO (control group) the authors conclude that the inclusion of HBO in the
      complex of measures applied after operations on the cerebral vessels for ruptured
      aneurysms has a positive effect on the course of the disease: the grave condition
      is less prolonged; the duration of the meningeal syndrome, headache, and
      temperature reaction is shorter by 6 days than in the control group; the number
      of patients with a good result of treatment increases by 18%; mental disorders in
      the absence of hematoma of the frontal area are prevented; the frequency of
      suppurations of the postoperative wound diminishes.

PMID- 4036438
TI  - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of neurinomas of the acoustic nerve].
AB  - Computer-aided tomography (CT) was used in the examination of 259 patients with
      neurinoma of the acoustic nerve. Characteristic direct and indirect signs of the
      tumor and the degree of their manifestation depending on the size and predominant
      direction of the growth of the neurinoma were determined. In 46 patients the size
      of the tumour established by computer-aided tomography was compared with that
      revealed on operation. It was established that computer-aided tomography
      demonstrates exactly the true size of tumors whose compactness is greater than
      that of the brain matter. It is difficult to determine by CT the true size of
      tumors of low density and particularly those possessing isodensity; in some cases
      they are much larger than conceived from analysis of the computer-aided
      tomograms. Tumors less than 10 mm in diameter which cannot be recognized by
      ordinary CT can be diagnosed by CT and cisternography with amipak.

PMID- 4036437
TI  - [Microcirculation in the brain during controlled arterial hypotension.
      Experimental study of the effect of nipruton].
AB  - The effect of nipruton (sodium nitroprusside)-induced controlled arterial
      hypotension on the intracerebral microcirculatory channel was studied on 4
      rabbits with transplanted induced tumors (anaplastic astrocytomas) and 7 intact
      rabbits under general anesthesia. It was found that nipruton injected in doses
      necessary for marked reduction of arterial pressure (35-45 mm Hg) for a
      sufficient duration (30-55 minutes) causes no circulatory disorders in the brain.
      In animals with tachyphylaxis to nitropruton, in which the amount of the injected
      agent must be increased to 9-10 mg/kg, controlled arterial hypotension even of
      lesser depth (60-65 mm Hg) and lesser duration (20-25 minutes) can lead to
      partial obstruction of the intracerebral microcirculatory channel. i. e. to the
      no-reflow phenomenon.

PMID- 4036439
TI  - [Waya and methods of treating malignant glial tumors of the cerebral
      hemispheres].

PMID- 4036440
TI  - [Methodologic problems in studies of pressure in the venous sinuses of the
      brain].
AB  - The adequacy of the indirect method for the liquorodynamic evaluation of
      intrasinusal pressure has been established. It was found that in patients with
      parasagittal meningiomas intrasinusal pressure does not depend on the size of the
      tumour and its relation to the superior sagittal sinus, or on intracranial
      hypertension (up to 28 mm Hg). In the phase of decompensation of intracranial
      hypertension the effective pressure of resorption increases. The quantitative
      characteristics of venous cerebral circulation and of liquorodynamics is of
      importance in evaluating the condition of compensatory mechanisms of the
      cerebrospinal system in various forms of neurosurgical pathology.

PMID- 4036441
TI  - [Periarterial alcoholization of the vertebral artery in vertebrogenic lesions].
AB  - Periarterial alcohol-procaine blockade causes an effect similar to that of
      procaine blockade; it improves the supply of blood not only to the brain stem but
      also to the anterior parts of the brain through removal of the neuroreflex
      influences and improvement of collateral circulation. It causes stable
      improvement of the patient's condition, particularly in dystonic and dystonic
      ischemic stages of the vertebral artery syndrome. The results of clinical study
      allowed indications to be formulated and revealed the absence of
      contraindications for the method of treatment elaborated.

PMID- 4036442
TI  - [Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in injuries of the cervical
      division of the spinal cord].
AB  - Short-latent cortical potentials and induced potentials (IP) recorded from the
      cervical spine in response to electrical stimulation of the median nerve on the
      wrist were studied in patients with injury to the cervical parts of the spine and
      spinal cord. The changes in the pronounced character of the somatosensory induced
      potentials (SSIP) proved to be more marked than those in the controls. A group of
      patients with considerable increase of peak N1 and corresponding increase of the
      time of conduction along the central nervous system (up to 20 msec) was
      distinguished. The latent period (LP) of IP recorded in the region of the
      cervical parts of the spinal cord was also prolonged in these patients. The
      pronounced character of the SSIP changes corresponded to that of the neurological
      disorders in these patients and the course of the subsequent restorative period.

PMID- 4036443
TI  - [Xenoplasty of the dura mater by means of formalinized grafts].
AB  - The possibility of using as plastic material animal (neat cattle, pig) dura mater
      stored in 0.5% formaldehyde solution was studied. The structure of the dura mater
      tissue is maintained for a 3-year storage period, and it therefore can be used
      during this period. The results of experiments (on 30 dogs) and clinical
      observations (63 patients) show that dura mater grafts used to repair a defect
      ensure airtightness of the subdural space and separate the brain from the
      overlying tissues, thus preventing the development of an adhesive-cicatricial
      process. On resorption, the graft is replaced by an organ-typical regenerated
      material performing the function of the lost dura mater.

PMID- 4036444
TI  - [Experimental arterial microanastomoses].
AB  - The morphological changes in the walls of 40 arterial microanastomoses were
      studied in experiments. The initial signs of endothelization appear in 3 days and
      the process ends by the 9th-12th day. The tissue reaction to the different suture
      material is of the same type and its degree is not linked with the type of
      synthetic thread used. Minimum injury inflicted to the intima and the other coats
      of the vascular wall and pre- and postoperative use of acetylsalicylic acid are
      measures preventing occlusion and stenosis of the anastomosis.

PMID- 4036445
TI  - Immunological analysis of histone H2A from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - Specific antibodies against the histone H2A from calf thymus were generated by
      injecting rabbits with complexes: histone H2A-RNA with a protein to RNA ratio of
      3:1. In the microcomplement fixation assay the antibodies against the histone H2A
      from calf thymus immuno-reacted with the histone H2A from calf thymus but not
      with H2A from Physarum polycephalum. The histone H2A from calf thymus therefore
      appears to have an immunological determinant(s) which does not exist in H2A from
      Physarum polycephalum.

PMID- 4036446
TI  - Effect of thiol-reactive reagents on the permeability of fish erythrocyte
      membrane for spin-labelled non-electrolytes.
AB  - Carp erythrocytes were treated with p-chloromercuribenzoate or N-ethylmaleimide.
      It was observed that these thiol-group inhibitors decreased the transport of spin
      labelled hydrophilic compound, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl,
      and increased the transport rate of more hydrophobic 2,2,6,6
      tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl.

PMID- 4036447
TI  - 1-Amino-2-phenylethylphosphonic acid: an inhibitor of L-phenylalanine ammonia
      lyase in vitro.
AB  - L(-)-, and D(+)-enantiomers of 1-amino-2-phenylethylphosphonic acid (PheP), a
      phosphonic analogue of phenylalanine, inhibit the activity of L-phenylalanine
      ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) of potato tuber tissue in vitro. The apparent type of
      inhibition depends on concentration of PheP; as the concentration of D-PheP is
      raised from 10(-5) M to 2.5 X 10(-3) M, the type of inhibition shifts from
      competitive through mixed and non-competitive to uncompetitive. L-PheP exerts
      either a competitive or mixed-type inhibition at low (10(-6)-10(-5) M) or
      moderate (5 X 10(-5)-2 X 10(-4) M) concentration. Ki for the concentration range
      of competitive inhibition were 6.5 X 10(-6) M, 5.3 X 10(-5)M and 1.6 X 10(-5) M
      for L-, D-, and D,L-PheP, respectively. These Ki values are valid for a
      relatively narrow range of L-Phe concentration (0.2-4 mM) as L-phenylalanine
      ammonia-lyase does not follow the Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the reaction.

PMID- 4036448
TI  - Terminal plasmin degradation products D and E of duck fibrinogen and their effect
      on polymerization of fibrin.
AB  - Duck fibrinogen (Mr 320 000) treated with streptokinase-activated human
      plasminogen in the presence of calcium ions was hydrolysed to terminal core
      fragments D and E. They were isolated from the digest by: (1) ion-exchange
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, (2) gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, and (3)
      affinity chromatography with the use of fibrin monomers coupled to CNBr-activated
      Sepharose. When the native D fragment, D1 was additionally digested by plasmin in
      the presence of EDTA, more degraded forms D2 and D3 appeared. Molecular weight of
      D1, D2, D3 and E estimated on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is 100 000,
      89 000, 80 000 and 50 000, respectively. It was found that after reduction with 2
      mercaptoethanol the fragments D1 and D3 consisted each of three polypeptide
      chains: alpha, beta, gamma: the gamma-chain of D3 remnant was more degraded (Mr
      24 000) as compared with the gamma-chain of D1 remnant (Mr 42 000).
      Polymerization of both duck and pig fibrin monomers was inhibited by fragments D1
      but not by D3.

PMID- 4036449
TI  - UV light-induced changes in washed pig platelets.
AB  - The effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV-A, 360 nm) on the thrombin-induced
      aggregation of washed pig platelets as well as on the release of adenine
      nucleotides and proteins was studied. The level in platelets of adenine
      nucleotides, mainly ADP and ATP, decreased rapidly following the exposure of
      platelets to a high dose of UV-A (0.5 W/cm2, 30 min). Through thrombin-induced
      aggregation of irradiated platelets was inhibited, the release reaction occurred.
      The amount of the released adenine nucleotides and proteins was, however,
      dependent on the dose of UV light. These findings suggest that UV-A light can
      stimulate the platelet release reaction.

PMID- 4036450
TI  - Methionine synthase assay based on coupling with thymidylate synthase reaction.
AB  - Methionine synthase reaction may be coupled with thymidylate synthase-catalysed
      tritium release from [5-3H]dUMP via non-enzymatic reaction of formaldehyde with
      tetrahydrofolate. A convenient and sensitive assay of methionine synthase
      activity, based on this principle, is described.

PMID- 4036451
TI  - High mobility group non-histone chromosomal proteins from chicken thrombocytes
      and erythrocytes.
AB  - The high mobility group non-histone chromosomal proteins (HMG) from chicken
      thrombocytes were compared with those from chicken erythrocytes. In terms of
      their extractability, electrophoretic behaviour in polyacrylamide gels containing
      2.5 M-urea, and amino acid composition, the HMG proteins of these cells were
      indistinguishable. However, microcomplement fixation assay performed in the
      presence of antiserum against HMG-1 and HMG-2 revealed that these high molecular
      weight HMG proteins of chicken thrombocytes and erythrocytes are not cross
      reactive. Electrophoretic analysis of HMG-1 and HMG-2 from these two types of
      cells in polyacrylamide gels containing 6.25 M-urea suggested differences in the
      HMG-2 patterns.

PMID- 4036452
TI  - Comparison of non-histone proteins from hamster Kirkman-Robbins hepatoma and
      liver.
AB  - Three classes of non-histone proteins were obtained from hamster Kirkman-Robbins
      hepatoma and liver nuclei following separation of nucleic acids with the
      polyethylene glycol-dextran mixture and fractionation of nuclear proteins on
      hydroxylapatite in a salt-glycerol-phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride system at
      increasing concentrations of Na+ and K+ phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. Two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these proteins documented their high
      heterogeneity; many spots were common but some spots specific only for neoplastic
      or normal tissue were also observed.

PMID- 4036453
TI  - Two pools of microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine detected by the use of
      fluorescamine.

PMID- 4036454
TI  - Parenchymal operations of the lower pole of the kidney with a double collecting
      system.
AB  - The authors present four cases of unilateral kidney with a double collecting
      system where calculous change has occurred in the lower collecting system. In one
      of them, marginopolar nephrotomy, while in three, heminephrectomies in the
      destructed lower segment of the kidney were performed. The remaining upper part
      functioned perfectly later on. The avoidance of unjustified nephrectomy is
      stressed.

PMID- 4036455
TI  - Experimental retroperitoneal infection.
AB  - A bacterial inoculum was positioned intraperitoneally and retroperitoneally in
      animals who had been treated with various antibiotic programs. The results
      indicate that the retroperitoneal tissue is more resistant to severe infectious
      complications than the general peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 4036456
TI  - Percutaneous aspiration biopsy in perineal recurrences after abdominoperineal
      extirpations.
AB  - The authors recommend the introduction of percutaneous aspiration biopsy--a new
      method used by them for demonstrating perineal recurrences after abdominoperineal
      extirpations. The method is fast and easy to perform, simple and can be used for
      screening. It may be an addition to the therapeutic and diagnostic arsenal.

PMID- 4036457
TI  - Correlation between the incrustation of intrauterine devices and the duration of
      their use.
AB  - The usefulness and side-effects of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) are
      evaluated on the basis of various aspects (e. g. effect of postabortal and post
      partal insertion, expulsion of device, frequency of pregnancies, bleeding and
      inflammation, etc.) [1, 2, 3, 4]. However, the incrustation of the device has
      been ignored although the coating on the major part of the surface is easy to
      study. The rough surface coating is very likely to be associated with some side
      effects [5]. In our report we have tried to find some links between the degree of
      incrustation and the duration of using the device.

PMID- 4036458
TI  - Bilateral urological tumours.
AB  - In the 5-year period between January 1, 1977 and December 31, 1981, 6 patients
      with bilateral urological tumours localized in various organs were treated at the
      Department of Urology, Debrecen University Medical School. As compared to earlier
      results, the survival of patients with bilateral adrenal renal and testicular
      tumours may be improved by the early diagnosis, immediate and adequate treatment,
      by a careful follow-up lasting for years and, when needed, by a delayed
      intermittent chemotherapy.

PMID- 4036459
TI  - [Esophageal and gastric fistulas following surgery of the esophagogastric
      junction].
AB  - Seven cases of oesophageal and gastric fistulae after hiatal hernia surgery are
      reported: 4 fistulae occurred after an abdominal anti-reflux repair; 3 after an
      intrathoracic Nissen repair. The clinical symptomatology of these complications
      highly influences their therapeutical strategy. The fistulae with only an
      abdominal manifestation (subphrenic abscess or peritonitis) are opposed to those
      with mediastinal or pleural symptoms. The different modalities of treatment and
      their results are analysed. The authors prefer in case of a fistula with
      abdominal manifestation a directed fistulization associated with enteral
      alimentation; in case of a fistulae with thoracic manifestation an oesophageal
      exclusion with delayed restoration of G.I. tract continuity is indicated.

PMID- 4036460
TI  - [Colonothoracic fistulas: presentation of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases of colothoracic fistulae are reported. The first one is secondary to
      pulmonary actinomycosis, the second to complicated colic diverticulitis. The
      etiologies of colothoracic fistulae are multiple and can be divided in
      intrathoracic or intraabdominal origin. The treatment includes: effective
      intravenous antibiotherapy, colic resection of the concerned portion and thoracic
      drainage.

PMID- 4036461
TI  - [Digestive fistulas in Crohn's disease].
AB  - From 1977 up to 1983, 29 patients were operated upon for Crohn's disease with
      digestive fistula (dead fistulae, ileocecal and contiguous ileoileal fistulae
      being excluded). The majority of the fistulae arose from the distal ileum (n =
      22). After an average duration of the disease of 7 1/2 years, the patients were
      admitted for surgical treatment, either electively (group I, n = 19), or in
      urgency (group II, n = 10). Eleven patients exhibited some signs of malnutrition,
      13 needed a total parenteral nutrition for an average of 10 days; one patient had
      to be operated upon in emergency (hemorrhage and sepsis); the others had a normal
      bowel preparation. The resection of the diseased bowel at the origin of the
      fistulae included right ileocolic resections (n = 25), left (n = 1) or total (n =
      3) colectomies, with primary anastomosis in all but two cases. The "target bowel"
      was treated as conservatively as possible: limited small bowel resection, single
      suture of the gastric, duodenal or sigmoidal walls, and bladder drainage. A
      segmental resection of the sigmoid colon was realized in 5 cases where a single
      closure of the wall defect was impossible. There was no postoperative death, no
      septic complications, and no signs of anastomotic dehiscence. Fistula recurrence
      "in situ" occurred only once. A spectacular health improvement, with a
      significant weight gain, was observed in 85% of the cases. Further outcome of the
      disease remains out of control.

PMID- 4036462
TI  - [Vesico-intestinal fistulas].
AB  - A review is given on frequency, etiology, anatomopathology and physiopathology of
      vesico-intestinal fistulas. Symptomatology and diagnosis with stress on adjuvant
      technical investigations are studied. In conclusion the principles for a surgical
      treatment are discussed.

PMID- 4036463
TI  - [Postoperative pancreatic fistulas: clinical study of a series of 114 consecutive
      cephalic duodeno-pancreatectomies].
AB  - The present study explores the incidence, the predisposing factors and the
      consequences of pancreatic fistulae in a series of 114 consecutive, non selected,
      pancreatico-duodenal resections performed during the period January 1967-December
      1982 for malignant and benign diseases of the (peri)ampullary region and the head
      of the pancreas. Overall hospital mortality reached 10.8% (12/114 pat.). The most
      common surgical complication was pancreatic fistula (17 pat.-14.9%) responsible
      for half of the postoperative fatal outcomes. The incidence of the pancreatic
      fistula is significantly influenced by a patient age of over 65 years, a
      preoperative serum bilirubin level exceeding 6 mg %, urgent degree of the
      intervention, presence of a renal insufficiency and last but not least by the
      poor quality of the pancreatic remnant. As surgical treatment of this
      complication is compromised by a high mortality (40% - 4/10 pat.), surgery should
      be reserved to hemorrhagic or persistent local or systemic, septic complications.
      Therefore more attention should be given to the prevention of this complication
      by a careful patient selection, based on evaluation of the different mentioned
      risk factors and by an adequate technique based on a separation of the different
      anastomoses by the greater omentum and the transverse mesocolon.

PMID- 4036464
TI  - Sensitive fasciocutaneous flaps with nervus cutaneous femoris lateralis and
      nervus saphenous. A preparatory study.

PMID- 4036465
TI  - Sensitive fasciocutaneous flap with nervus saphenous. Preliminary report.

PMID- 4036466
TI  - Sensitive fasciocutaneous flap with nervus cutaneous femoris lateralis.
      Preliminary report.

PMID- 4036467
TI  - Free-transfer omental flap follow-up. An experimental study.

PMID- 4036468
TI  - Reorganization of the blood circulation after revascularization of microsurgical
      free grafts.

PMID- 4036469
TI  - Oligosiloxans in reconstructive surgery of the face.

PMID- 4036470
TI  - Giant congenital nevus as a basis for the development of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4036471
TI  - [The acromioclavicular joint].

PMID- 4036472
TI  - [Surgical treatment of epicondylitis of the humeral radius using a modified
      method].

PMID- 4036474
TI  - [Bernbeck's osteotomy in persistent anteversion and valgosity of the femoral neck
      in congenital hip dysplasia and certain types of Perthes disease].

PMID- 4036473
TI  - [Initial experience with Steel's triple pelvic osteotomy].

PMID- 4036476
TI  - [Early diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia in Ostrava 1977-1983].

PMID- 4036475
TI  - [Contrast arthrography of the hip joint in children (correlation of the contrast
      arthrogram with surgical findings in the hip)].

PMID- 4036477
TI  - [12 years' experience in the examination of the hip joint in neonates].

PMID- 4036478
TI  - [Early prevention of hip joint dysplasia. I. Present state of organization,
      diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 4036479
TI  - [Disorders of ossification and growth of the proximal end of the femur due to the
      incorrect use of abduction treatment of luxatio coxae congenita].

PMID- 4036480
TI  - [Late results in the therapy of equinovarus deformities of the foot].

PMID- 4036481
TI  - [Tuberculous arthritis of the elbow joint--results of resection treatment and
      arthroplasty after 10 years].

PMID- 4036482
TI  - [New aspects of carpal injuries. III. Fractures of the scaphoid bone].

PMID- 4036483
TI  - [Treatment of fractures of the femoral diaphysis in childhood].

PMID- 4036484
TI  - Influence of acute alcohol intoxication on the outcome of severe non-neurologic
      trauma.
AB  - The influence of acute alcohol intoxication on the outcome of severe non
      neurologic trauma was investigated in a prospective study. Alcohol was found in
      the blood in 35 of the 69 patients, with mean level 136 +/- 13 mg/100 ml. The
      patients were admitted to hospital 29.5 +/- 2 min after the injury and had mean
      ISS 25 +/- 2. In the patients with alcohol in the blood, the blood pressure and
      PCO2 on arrival were lower than in the other patients. When the alcohol level
      exceeded 100 mg/100 ml, the blood pressure and PCO2 were lower than in the sober
      patients despite significantly shorter time between injury and admission to
      hospital. The hospital stay and mortality were similar in the alcohol and the
      control group. The greater hypovolemia in the patients with alcohol in the blood
      indicates that alcohol may be a negative factor for the traumatized patient if
      resuscitation is delayed, and it underlines the need for rapid and adequate fluid
      resuscitation of these patients.

PMID- 4036485
TI  - Painful scars after thoracic and abdominal surgery.
AB  - Painful scars after thoracic or abdominal surgery were treated in 37 patients
      with various methods, including analgesic block, transcutaneous nerve stimulation
      (TNS), neurotomy, scar resection, epidural spinal electrical stimulation and
      thermocoagulation. At follow-up, three patients were free from pain and three
      experienced significantly less pain as a result of the treatment. In two other
      patients the pain had spontaneously diminished. The results indicate that surgery
      on peripheral structures is not effective, which suggests that the source of the
      pain is to be found in central structures. The authors advocate conservative
      measures such as blockade, TNS and physiotherapy in combination with psychologic
      support.

PMID- 4036486
TI  - Pancreatic function in patients with hyperparathyroidism. A study with the Lundh
      test.
AB  - To elucidate the assumed relationship between hyperparathyroidism and
      pancreatitis, the pancreatic function was studied in 20 patients with
      hyperparathyroidism. In all cases removal of a parathyroid adenoma was followed
      by normalization of preoperative hypercalcemia. A modified Lundh's test with
      duodenal aspiration was performed before and after the operation. The volume of
      the aspirate and its content of electrolytes and pancreatic isoamylase were
      compared with findings in an age-matched control group. Preoperatively the volume
      of secretion was significantly less in the patients than in the controls.
      Carbonate levels were also decreased, but changes in enzymatic activity were
      slight. Postoperatively there was significant increase in aspirate volume and
      fall in the level of duodenal calcium. The results suggested an influence of
      hyperparathyroidism on exocrine pancreatic function, even when no symptoms of
      pancreatic disease are present.

PMID- 4036487
TI  - A neurophysiologic investigation of thoracic outlet syndrome.
AB  - Earlier reports have been conflicting as regards the value of neurophysiologic
      measurements in the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), presumably due
      to differences in selection of patients and in selection and standardization of
      neurophysiologic tests. The object of the present study was to assess the value
      of extensive conventional neurophysiologic measurements for the diagnosis of
      brachial plexus compression in patients with clinical TOS as determined from
      standardized criteria. The results are discussed in the light of expected
      neurophysiologic findings at different degrees of brachial plexus compression.

PMID- 4036488
TI  - Acute nontraumatic extremity ischaemia in Sweden. A one-year survey.
AB  - An attempt was made to evaluate the results of treatment for acute nontraumatic
      extremity ischaemia in Sweden during one year. A questionnaire was sent to all
      surgical units, and 61% replied. Of the total 586 evaluated cases, 497 were
      classified as embolism and 89 as acute thrombosis. Patient age strongly
      influenced results in both groups as regards limb salvage and mortality rates.
      The site of embolic occlusion also influenced mortality, with greatly heightened
      rate in aortic occlusion. Delay of operation for more than 12 hours after onset
      of symptoms was associated with increase in amputation rate and mortality.
      Adequate heparin therapy significantly improved results after embolectomy, but
      had no such effect after surgical treatment of thrombosis. The amputation rate
      was higher after acute thrombosis than after embolism. The authors conclude that
      patient age should be considered in comparisons between different case series of
      acute ischaemia, that embolus site and time of surgery are important determinants
      of mortality and amputation rate, and that heparin significantly improves results
      of embolectomy.

PMID- 4036489
TI  - Thromboendarterectomy vs. aortic bifurcation graft for unilateral iliac artery
      atherosclerosis.
AB  - Retrospective comparison was made of the results from 57 unilateral ilio-femoral
      thromboendarterectomies in 55 patients and 42 bifurcation grafts in 42 patients.
      There were three hospital deaths, one after thromboendarterectomy and two after
      insertion of bifurcation graft. No early or late graft infection occurred. The
      five-year cumulative patency rate was significantly higher in the bifurcation
      graft group than after thromboendarterectomy (85% vs. 61%). This higher patency
      rate supports the concept that local thromboendarterectomy has only limited
      indications.

PMID- 4036490
TI  - Intestinal intussusception valve for postgastrectomy bile reflux and/or dumping.
AB  - The short-term results of a new surgical procedure for prevention of
      duodenogastric reflux and rapid gastric emptying after partial gastric resection
      are reported. A jejunal segment provided with an intussusception valve was
      interposed between the gastric remnant and the duodenum in six patients with
      severe postgastrectomy symptoms. Duodenogastric reflux, determined with an
      isotope derivative method, was found to be completely eliminated after the
      remedial operation. Gastric emptying of a glucose solution showed no significant
      delay. Previous gastroscopic findings of "gastritis" could not be recognized at
      postoperative examination. The histologic mucosal changes showed no remission,
      however. No patient became completely free from gastric symptoms after the
      remedial operation. The residual symptoms possibly were caused by impaired
      emptying of the gastric remnant. Gastric mycosis was found occasionally in all
      the patients during follow-up. The jejunal intussusception valve effectively
      prevented bile reflux and seemed to have a beneficial effect on dumping symptoms.

PMID- 4036491
TI  - Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in plasma after fat intake in normal and obese
      subjects and after jejunoileal bypass.
AB  - The plasma concentration of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (p-NTLI) was
      measured after oral intake of fat in (a) healthy non-obese volunteers, (b)
      grossly obese but otherwise healthy persons, and (c) patients who had undergone
      jejunoileal bypass because of gross obesity. In addition, p-NTLI was measured
      after intravenous infusion of fat in healthy non-obese volunteers. Basal p-NTLI
      levels were significantly higher in the patients with bypass than in the obese
      group. After oral intake of fat, the increase in p-NTLI was much greater and more
      sustained in the bypass group than in the two other groups. The type of bypass
      (end-to-end, end-to-side or biliointestinal) and the time after the operation did
      not correlate with the p-NTLI response. Intravenous infusion of fat evoked no
      increase in p-NTLI. To produce a rise in p-NTLI level, therefore, the fat does
      not have to be absorbed and hematogenously distributed to the N-cells
      (neurotensin-storing cells). This observation may suggest that direct contact
      between chyme and the N-cells, or local neural or hormonal factors, are required
      to stimulate release of NTLI. The authors suggest that increase in the
      postprandial release of neurotensin may promote the diarrhoea after bypass
      operations, and possibly has other physiologic effects in such patients.

PMID- 4036492
TI  - Stomach distension in extremely obese and in normal subjects.
AB  - The maximal tolerable distension of the stomach was measured with a balloon
      system in 16 extremely obese and 11 normal-weight subjects. The mean maximal
      tolerated volume was significantly greater in the obese group (1763 +/- 70 vs.
      1000 +/- 67 ml). The volume at which a satiety-simulating sensation appeared was
      likewise greater in the obese group (850 +/- 74 vs. 541 +/- 44 ml). The
      intragastric pressure originating from the stomach wall as such presumably was
      similar in both groups. The greater capacity for gastric distension in extremely
      obese persons may be an etiologic factor in the development of obesity or an
      adaptation to the eating pattern.

PMID- 4036493
TI  - Acute epididymitis with abscess formation in an infant.
AB  - A case of non-specific epididymitis with acute abscess formation in a 3-month-old
      infant is presented. Excision of the abscess was curative. The need of further
      examinations in the presence of urological symptoms is emphasized.

PMID- 4036494
TI  - Oedeme bleu involving the lower limb.
AB  - Oedeme bleu may masquerade as an acute vascular disorder of the limb. We present
      a case of this syndrome occurring in a young female with the physical signs
      involving the lower limb.

PMID- 4036495
TI  - Repair of ruptured oesophagus. A case report.
AB  - Oesophageal perforation or rupture is a serious condition. Delayed diagnosis is
      associated with high mortality rate. A method of repair is described, used to
      cover a lower oesophageal tear with high gastric fundoplication in three cases
      with delayed diagnosis (greater than 12 h), two of which survived.

PMID- 4036496
TI  - Lumbar hernia.
AB  - Even if it is more than 250 years since the first description of a lumbar hernia
      occurred in the literature the diagnosis is still rare. This disease is discussed
      in the light of a case history with a primary lumbar hernia from the Grunfelt
      Lesshaft triangle. The diagnosis is usually not difficult to establish although
      certain differential diagnosis has to be considered. The treatment is surgical
      either as in the present case with a simple closure or when larger defects in the
      transversalis fascia are present with more extensive surgery.

PMID- 4036497
TI  - Conservative surgical treatment of splenic cysts.
AB  - The common treatment of splenic cysts is splenectomy, but with today's knowledge
      of the important position of the spleen in the infection defense, it is advisable
      to preserve the spleen whenever this is possible, especially in younger
      individuals. A large non-parasitic, benign splenic cyst is excised. Postoperative
      ultrasound control presents a normal appearance of the spleen.

PMID- 4036498
TI  - Oxygen therapy for pneumatosis coli. Symptomatic and radiologic remission of
      colonic gas cysts after breathing high-concentration oxygen.
AB  - Pneumatosis coli in a 72-year-old woman caused severe incapacitation by diarrhoea
      and faecal incontinence. Treatment consisted of oxygen via a Venturi mask to give
      arterial oxygen tension c. 32.5 kPa. It was well tolerated and resulted in
      symptomatic and radiologic cure within 7 days. Knowledge of this treatment and
      correct diagnosis are important for avoidance of unnecessary surgery.

PMID- 4036499
TI  - Body temperature elevation, exercise and serum prolactin concentrations.
AB  - Ten young healthy normal-weight males were studied in four test situations
      designed to elucidate the relative role of body temperature increase vs that of
      exercise per se for pituitary hormone release. Tympanic temperature was recorded
      continuously during the tests. Elevation of body temperature at rest induced by
      external heating resulted in parallel changes in serum prolactin (Prl), also
      found when temperature spontaneously returned towards normal. In contrast,
      temperature elevation of the same magnitude through exercise (450 kpm/min for 40
      min) induced no change in Prl secretion. It is concluded that increase in core
      temperature is a stimulus of Prl secretion and suggested that exercise apparently
      inhibits the stimulatory effect.

PMID- 4036500
TI  - Serum reduces the TSH content in rat pituitary cells in culture.
AB  - Euthyroid rat pituitary cells were plated on a natural extracellular matrix (ECM)
      and cultured in either a medium supplemented with hormones and growth factors
      (SM) or in an unsupplemented medium (USM). Hormone supplementation resulted in a
      marked increase in the number of cells and in a less pronounced increase in the
      TSH content. Addition of 10% dehormonized serum (DHS) to the medium caused a
      further increase in the cell number as well as a significant elevation in the GH
      content but, surprisingly, it caused also a dramatic decrease in the TSH content.
      Time course experiments revealed that the serum doubled the rate of suppression
      of the TSH. DHS prepared from rat serum was as effective as that prepared from
      foetal calf serum and heat-inactivation of the serum did not change its
      suppressive effect on the production of TSH. This effect was confined to the
      serum fraction which was precipitable with 45% ammonium sulphate but did not bind
      to Con-A. It is suggested that a high molecular weight protein fraction of serum
      reduces the number of thyrotrophs in the culture and/or decreases the rate of TSH
      production by these cells.

PMID- 4036501
TI  - Oxytocin determination in steroid producing tissues and in vitro production in
      ovarian follicles.
AB  - Immunoreactive oxytocin was measured in ovaries (corpus luteum and follicular
      fluid) and adrenals of cows, and in testes, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and
      adrenals of bulls. Secretion of oxytocin was further measured after culture of
      whole follicles, granulosa cells and theca tissue. Concentrations of oxytocin
      increased in corpora lutea of cycling cattle until mid-luteal phase (447 +/- 93
      ng/g wet weight) and decreased afterwards. Low concentrations were found in
      corpora lutea of pregnant animals (6 +/- 3 ng/g wet weight). Follicular fluid
      contains some oxytocin (on average 42-108 pg/ml) but concentrations were
      significantly higher in the fluid of ovarian cysts (190 pg/ml). After culture of
      follicles the amount of oxytocin released into the medium increased indicating de
      novo synthesis. The granulosa cells were the main source of follicular oxytocin.
      Production increased during luteinization indicating that luteinization is an
      important step for the production of oxytocin in ovaries. Tissues of testes (65
      +/- 10 pg/g wet weight) and adrenals from cows (122 +/- 39 pg/g wet weight) and
      bulls (111 +/- 2 pg/g wet weight) contained oxytocin but at much lower
      concentrations compared to corpus luteum tissue. About 10 times higher
      concentrations of oxytocin were measured in the adrenal medulla (717 +/- 96 pg/g
      wet weight) compared to the cortex (72 +/- 11 pg/g wet weight). Seminal vesicles
      and prostate gland contained no measurable amounts of oxytocin (less than 5 pg/g
      wet weight).

PMID- 4036502
TI  - Distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus, pituitary
      gland, and gastro-intestinal tract of rats.
AB  - The distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) in the pituitary
      gland, hypothalamus, and throughout the gastro-intestinal tract of adult rats was
      determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). NTLI concentrations were higher in the
      hypothalamus than in the pituitary gland or gastro-intestinal tract. The anterior
      and posterior pituitary gland had almost the same concentration of NTLI. In the
      gastro-intestinal tract, the mucosal layer of the small intestine had abundant
      NTLI. The mucosal layer had higher NTLI levels than the muscular layer throughout
      the alimentary tract.

PMID- 4036503
TI  - Adaptation to phosphorus depletion: effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) on the adaptive
      response to phosphorus depletion (PD) was investigated in order to examine if DM
      has any influence on the adaptation to PD in rats. PD for 7 days caused a marked
      reduction in serum phosphate (Pi) levels and increase in serum calcium (Ca)
      concentrations in control rats. In contrast, the increase in serum Ca
      concentration caused by PD was almost entirely eliminated in DM rats. Similarly,
      while bone Ca and P content was decreased by 7 days of PD in control rats, no
      significant changes in bone mineral contents were observed in DM rats during PD.
      There was a marked reduction in fractional excretion of Pi and an increase in
      fractional excretion of Ca during PD in both control and DM rats. Serum
      somatomedin A levels measured by radioreceptor assay were lower in DM rats
      compared to those in control rats, but PD caused no significant changes in either
      group of animals. These results demonstrate that the development of
      hypercalcaemia and reduction in bone mineral content in response to PD were
      inhibited while the renal tubular responses to PD were not affected in DM rats.
      It is suggested that the inhibition of the hypercalcaemic response to PD in DM
      rats is mainly due to an inhibition of the resorptive response of bone to PD, and
      that insulin either directly or indirectly may play a permissive role in the
      development of the resorptive response of bone to PD.

PMID- 4036504
TI  - Antibodies against animal growth hormones appearing in patients treated with
      human growth hormone: their specificities and influence on growth velocity.
AB  - The appearance of anti-human growth hormone (hGH) and anti-non-hGHs antibodies in
      27 patients with idiopathic hypopituitarism, treated for periods of 6-18 months
      with three different preparations of hGH, was investigated. The preparations
      induced antibodies to GH in 21 out of the 27 patients: 10 patients produced
      exclusively an anti-non-hGH response, whereas 11 generated both anti-non-hGH and
      anti-hGH antibodies. The levels of antibodies against hGH had low correlation
      with decreased growth velocity, whereas those for the antibodies against non-hGHs
      did not correlate with decreased growth velocity.

PMID- 4036505
TI  - Surgery depresses pulsatile growth hormone release in rats for up to 2 days.
AB  - In order to study the pulsatile release of rat growth hormone in a stress-free
      environment, many investigators obtain sequential blood samples from individual
      rats bearing an indwelling, right atrial cannula. There has been little
      systematic study of the stressful effects of the cannulation procedure on the
      pulsatile release of rat growth hormone. We examined the acute and chronic
      effects of right atrial cannulation on growth hormone release in male rats by
      monitoring plasma growth hormone concentration at every 2 min. Right atrial
      cannulation was performed under ether anaesthesia. Blood was collected from the
      rats for a 2 h period (11.00-13.00 h), either immediately following, or 2, 3 or 7
      days following the surgery. When blood was collected 7 days after surgery, growth
      hormone was released in large bursts. The amplitude of these bursts however, did
      not differ significantly from the bursts of growth hormone in rats cannulated 3
      days prior to blood collection. On the other hand, the bursts of hormone release
      in rats cannulated immediately or 2 days before blood collection were
      significantly smaller in amplitude than those in rats cannulated 3 days before
      collection, but were not significantly different from each other. In many of the
      rats cannulated immediately before or 2 days before blood collection, pulsatile
      growth hormone release was completely suppressed. The results of the study
      suggest that blood sampling from right atrial cannulae to measure the plasma
      concentration of rat growth hormone should not be carried out until at least 3
      days after the cannulation procedure.

PMID- 4036506
TI  - Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) stimulation with bovine TSH: a useful test for diagnosis
      of congenital goitrous hypothyroidism due to defective Tg synthesis.
AB  - Sixteen patients with congenital goitre were submitted to a bovine TSH
      stimulation test (bTSH), and serum thyroid hormones (T3, T4), TSH and
      thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured before and after bTSH injection. In 9 patients
      with an organification defect basal levels of Tg were normal (19.4 +/- 3.1
      micrograms/l) rising after bTSH to a mean level +/- SEM of 37.3 +/- 4.1
      micrograms/l. Six patients with defective Tg synthesis or release had a mean
      basal level of serum Tg of 8.7 +/- 1.9 microgram/l (mean +/- SEM) and failed to
      raise serum Tg concentrations after bTSH (mean +/- SEM: 10.4 +/- 2.1
      micrograms/l). In both groups a modest although significant (P less than 0.05)
      change in serum thyroid hormones after bTSH was noted. We conclude that the bTSH
      test may be used to distinguish the group with defective Tg synthesis or release
      from other types of congenital goitre.

PMID- 4036507
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of a thyroglobulin synthesis defect in goats.
AB  - A strain of goats with congenital goitre due to a thyroglobulin (Tg) synthesis
      defect was studied. All goats excreted low molecular weight iodinated material
      (LOMWIOM) in their urine, but non-goitrous goats excreted in the LOMWIOM fraction
      less than 5 micrograms iodine per 24 h and the goitrous ones more than 15
      micrograms iodine per 24 h. Prenatal diagnosis of the Tg synthesis defect in
      goats is possible since non-goitrous goats pregnant with goitrous kids excrete in
      the LOMWIOM fraction more than 10 micrograms iodine per 24 h while non-goitrous
      goats pregnant with non-goitrous kids excrete 10 micrograms or less iodine per 24
      h as LOMWIOM. In 24 out of 25 cases a correct diagnosis could be made in the last
      47 days of pregnancy. We argue that prenatal diagnosis of analogous defects in
      man may also be possible, using the excretion of LOMWIOM in maternal urine as
      yard-stick. By means of field desorption mass spectrometry (FOMS) and high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) monoiodohistidine was identified as the
      major component of the LOMWIOM fraction in the urine of goitrous goats.

PMID- 4036509
TI  - Repercussion of mycoplasmas on male and female sterility.
AB  - The importance of genital mycoplasmas has been widely discussed since the
      beginning of 1970 and is still considered as controversial. This paper will
      attempt to evaluate critically the new information and try to outline current
      concepts concerning the role of this unique group of microorganisms in
      involuntary infertility and pregnancy losses.

PMID- 4036508
TI  - Ontogeny of thyrotrophin concentration in perinatal rats.
AB  - Negative feedback control by triiodothyronine (T3) of thyrotrophin (TSH)
      secretion from rat pituitary glands was studied during the perinatal period of
      rat development. Foetal serum TSH concentration declined significantly between 20
      and 21 days of gestation, reached a low level at delivery, and remained low for
      several days after birth. T3 suppressed serum TSH concentration in a dose
      responsive manner when given to foetuses on day 20 of gestation at 0.13 to 2.0
      micrograms/100 g body weight of the estimated body weight. The responses of serum
      TSH levels and thyroid weights to PTU treatments differed with gestational age.
      We conclude that negative feedback control by T3 of serum TSH concentration
      exists in rat foetuses as early as day 20 of gestation and differs from that
      found in adult rats.

PMID- 4036510
TI  - Some molecular features of human cervical mucus.
AB  - 1) The time preservation effect of the enzymatic activities present in human
      cervical mucus has been studied. 2) In order to protect the enzymatic activities
      of the mucus from bacterial impurities, the enzymes studied were assayed in
      presence of NaN3. 3) The effect of an acid pH likes present in the vagina was
      also studied: a low pH exerts a marked inhibition on mucus enzymes. 4) the use of
      nonionic detergents for mucus solubilization does not produce a marked increase
      of the enzymatic activities studied. 5) A NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase in
      peri- and post-ovulatory period has been identified. 6) The presence in mucus of
      at least four lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes has been demonstrated and their
      absolute values determined.

PMID- 4036511
TI  - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer programme in Ljubljana.
AB  - Results of the IVF-ET programme from June 1983 to July 1984 are presented. The
      procedure was performed in 98 women in 127 cycles. Six normally ongoing clinical
      pregnancies, three early spontaneous abortions and six biochemical pregnancies
      were achieved. The laparoscopic techniques of oocyte retrieval were used.
      Ovulation was first stimulated by clomiphene citrate and later on by
      gonadotropins only. Comparison of these two regimens showed gonadotropin
      stimulation to be more effective than clomiphene stimulation, considering the
      respective transfer rate of 73.3% (gonadotropins) and 18.8% (clomiphene).

PMID- 4036512
TI  - Endoscopy of the tube (= tuboscopy): its prognostic value for tuboplasties.
AB  - A tuboscopy was performed during tuboplasties, in 131 cases; this method gives
      the surgeon a direct, panoramic view of the ampullary mucosa; the lesions
      observed differ in 50% of cases from what was expected according to the
      hysterosalpingography. A 2 year follow-up shows that normal uterine pregnancies
      occurred only in women with at least one tube with normal mucosa according to the
      tuboscopy, whichever the lesions or the results of the hysterosalpingography; the
      other cases only had ectopic pregnancies or spontaneous abortions.

PMID- 4036513
TI  - The value of the postcoital test according to etiology and outcome on
      infertility.
AB  - Post coital test (PCT) has been analysed in 150 women divided into 3 groups of 50
      patients consulting for infertility. In group I, women achieved pregnancy whereas
      in group II, women were not pregnant during the same period of observation and
      had a sterility of non-tubal origin. Group II included women with infertility due
      to tubal factor. The results of the PCT were not significantly different in group
      I and in group III. More than 50% of the women had a good PCT (more than 7 motile
      sperms/hpf). In women of group II, 75% had an inconclusive test (less that 5
      sperms/hpf) or negative tests, significantly different from the % observed in
      group I (44%). Inconclusive PCT in group II were due to anovulatory cycles in 50%
      of the cases and to cervical infection in 25% of the cases. Status post
      cauterization of the cervix, anatomical or immunological problems and sexual
      dysfunctions accounted for the remaining cases. Prognostic significance of the
      PCT is discussed according to these results.

PMID- 4036514
TI  - Corpus luteum function assessed by serial serum progesterone measurements after
      laparoscopic endotherm sterilization.
AB  - Estimation of serum progesterone as an indication of luteal insufficiency after
      endotherm sterilization operation in 14 patients is reported. There is a tendency
      to shortening of the length of the menstrual cycle. This could either be due to a
      luteal insufficiency or possibly to a shortening of the follicular phase, or
      both.

PMID- 4036515
TI  - A possible role of Chlamydia trachomatis as a causative agent in epidydimal
      infertility.
AB  - Chlamydia Trachomatis is the most important etiological agent of idiopathic
      epididymitis in men of 35 years or younger, whereas coliform bacteria are more
      frequent in older men. The Authors report their findings in a group of eighteen
      patients investigated in order to establish whether, years after the acute or
      subclinical infection, arguments could be found to hold Chlamydiae responsible
      for the origin of epidydimal infertility.

PMID- 4036516
TI  - Ovarian adhesions impair ovulation.
AB  - The concentration of progesterone in peritoneal fluid, aspirated from the pouch
      of Douglas by laparoscopy, 72 hours after the peak of the luteinizing hormone in
      serum is believed to indicate whether the ovarian follicle has ruptured or not.
      Twenty six patients were studied. The volume of peritoneal fluid 72 hours after
      the peak of the luteinizing hormone was markedly decreased when bilateral ovarian
      adhesions were present. Progesterone concentrations, assayed during the early
      luteal phase in peritoneal fluid of women with bilateral ovarian adhesions, were
      significantly lower than in women with a corpus luteum presenting an ovulation
      stigma and even significantly lower than in those without ovulation stigma
      (luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome). The assay of progesterone in
      peritoneal fluid during the early luteal phase may be of value in women with
      ovarian adhesions.

PMID- 4036517
TI  - An enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay for salivary estriol during normal
      pregnancy.
AB  - It has been recently demonstrated that the concentration of Estriol in saliva
      increases in the course of pregnancy, similarly to the plasmatic concentration of
      unconjugated and total Estriol. As an alternative to RIA, which is an expensive
      method and requires a highly specialized laboratory, there is now available a
      competitive, sensitive and rapid enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) for
      Estriol in saliva and plasma. Aim of this study is to compare the levels of
      Estriol concentration, measured by RIA and by ELISA in saliva and plasma in seven
      women tested every week from the 30th week to the term of pregnancy.

PMID- 4036519
TI  - [Estimation of prevalence of hematological diseases in Japan].

PMID- 4036518
TI  - Antifertility efficacy of Catharanthus roseus Linn: a biochemical and
      histological study.
AB  - Oral administration of Catharanthus roseus Linn, leaf extract caused widespread
      testicular necrosis, hyalinization of tubules and Sertoli cell-only-Syndrome.
      Biochemical studies revealing notable reduction in glycogen and fructose levels
      in reproductive tissues support the histological observations and confirm the
      antifertility properties of C. roseus extract.

PMID- 4036520
TI  - [An anatomical study on the spleen of archaic fishes. 1. Coelacanthiformes and
      dipneusti].

PMID- 4036521
TI  - [A morphological study of the peripheral and bone marrow lymphocytes in a case of
      graft-versus-host reaction following blood transfusions].

PMID- 4036522
TI  - [Research on the immune status in patients with clonal hemopathy].

PMID- 4036523
TI  - [An improved culture method without human plasma for megakaryocyte colony
      formation: megakaryocyte colony forming cells (CFU-M) in human umbilical cord
      blood].

PMID- 4036524
TI  - [Appearance of monoclonal gammopathy and auto-immune hemolytic anemia following
      intake of drugs].

PMID- 4036525
TI  - [Determination of the free thyroxine concentration (FT4) in serum using the FT4
      fraction and total thyroxine concentration].
AB  - A new equilibrium assay for the determination of serum free thyroxine was
      evaluated in 514 patients. The assay comprises a two-vial-procedure to measure
      total thyroxine and free thyroxine fraction by use of monoclonal antibodies. Free
      thyroxine concentrations are calculated from fT4-fraction and total thyroxine
      concentration readings. In euthyroidism the average free thyroxine fraction
      (%fT4) was 0.011%, in hyperthyroidism this fraction was elevated, in
      hypothyroidism it was below normal. In patients with TBG anomalies, TBG values
      were inversely correlated with fT4 fraction readings. The "euthyroid reference
      range" of FT4 (SPAC ET) was between 0.70 to 1.78 ng/dl. This euthyroid range of
      FT4 was determined from TT4 concentrations measured by T4-RIA (SPAC T4 MONO)
      which were 30% above TT4 values measured by conventional T4-RIA (SPAC T4 POLY;
      polyclonal antibodies). However, a different euthyroid range of FT4 between 0.55
      to 1.30 ng/dl was observed as well as by other investigators when conventional T4
      RIA measurements were used for calculation of FT4 values. Our results indicate
      that calculated FT4 concentration values are highly dependent on the methods used
      for determination of total thyroxine concentrations. Precision and
      reproducibility of this two vial equilibrium assay did not meet the requirements
      mandatory for the application as a clinical routine diagnostic procedure, and its
      general use for this purpose can as yet not be recommended.

PMID- 4036526
TI  - [Diastolic compression of the right atrium and right ventricle as an
      echocardiographic sign of pericardial tamponade. Case report].
AB  - A 33 years old female patient requiring regular hemodialysis for chronic renal
      failure exhibited a severe hypotensive episode. 2-dimensional echocardiography
      enabled rapid recognition of the underlying cause. 2-dimensional echocardiography
      revealed a large pericardial effusion and from the apical window a marked
      diastolic compression of the right atrium and the right ventricle was noted.
      These findings have been previously described to be specific for cardiac
      tamponade. After removal of 400 ml of fluid by pericardiocentesis the clinical
      symptoms rapidly improved and in the 2-dimensional echocardiography diastolic
      compression of the right sided heart chambers was not longer evident, although a
      substantial amount of pericardial fluid was still present. This case report
      underlines the clinical usefulness of 2-dimensional echocardiography for the
      diagnosis of cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 4036527
TI  - Higher nervous activity. Abstracts.

PMID- 4036528
TI  - Psychometric analysis of behavior pattern A in the Spanish population and its
      relationship with personality variables.
AB  - As a first step in the epidemiological study for CHD prevention among the Spanish
      population, the authors have analyzed two of the instruments for the assessment
      of the behavior pattern A (JAS and Bortner questionnaires). From a student sample
      (n = 302), a factor analysis of items and scales was made, relating pattern A
      scores to Eysenck's personality variables (EPQ). The importance of an accurate
      psychometric study of pattern A was emphasized, in order to select A subjects as
      specifically as possible.

PMID- 4036529
TI  - EEG patterns suggestive of shifted levels of excitation effected by hathayogic
      exercises.
AB  - Concurrent with the performance of hathayogic exercises such as Nauli, Bhastrika
      and Suryabhedana, three characteristic EEG patterns were identified: a "wicket"
      rhythm at a frequency wave of 12 to 17 Hz, recordable from para-Rolandic areas,
      which we have called Xi rhythm; a 26-33 Hz sinusoidal activity, confined to the
      mid-sagittal parietooccipital region; and paroxysmal activity localized in the
      lateral boundaries of parieto-temporo-occipital regions, bilaterally. - The
      expectation that hathayogic exercises would affect the electrical activity of
      circumscribed, relatively well defined areas of the brain was based on the fact
      that these exercises imply a strong stimulation of somatic and splanchnic
      receptors, the afferent impulses of which are fed into specific cortical
      representation areas localized for the most part around central and anterior
      parietal areas.

PMID- 4036530
TI  - The Stroop effect on Slovak-Hungarian bilinguists.
AB  - We studied the processes of interference vs language automatisms in a group of
      Slovak-Hungarian bilinguists (N = 19, age 13 years) and compared their
      performance in the Stroop test with two control groups - Slovak (N = 24) and
      Hungarian (N = 31) monolinguists of the same age. - The Stroop effect, whose
      essence is an interfering effect of the meaning of the word on its physical
      characteristic - colour, proved to be a suitable method in the study of
      information processing in the semantic memory of bilinguists as well as in
      determining dominance of one language over the other. Slovak-Hungarian
      bilinguists showed, as a rule, shorter times in Hungarian and approximated in
      their performance Hungarian monolinguists. It can be assumed that reaction times
      in the Stroop test are conditioned not only by interference of the other language
      but also by language automatisms, whereby interference and speech automatisms are
      in an indirect correlation. - The results thus indicate that processes of
      interference and language automatisms cannot be separated. Dominance of one
      language structure over the other (Hungarian over Slovak) was confirmed not only
      in our experimental method but also in the subjective rating.

PMID- 4036531
TI  - Undiagnosed phaeochromocytoma in the perioperative period. Case reports.
AB  - Phaeochromocytomas appear as frequently as one in 1000-2000 patients. Release of
      catecholamines may be triggered by events in the perioperative period. Patients
      whose phaeochromocytomas are diagnosed in this period, have a mortality of about
      80%. Three patients with perioperative debut of symptoms of a phaeochromocytoma
      are presented. A possible drug-induced release of catecholamines from the tumour
      is suggested for two of the patients. The first symptoms of a phaeochromocytoma
      may be arrhythmias and shock, which favours the use of adrenergic blockade prior
      to elective removal of phaeochromocytomas. Therapeutic approaches to the
      treatment of catecholamine-induced heart failure may be potassium and magnesium
      supplements and possibly drugs reducing circulating angiotensin II activities.
      Caution is advised in the use of digitalis.

PMID- 4036532
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of methohexital in young and elderly subjects.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of methohexital were investigated in ten young adult
      volunteers and in seven young and seven elderly patients. The latter two groups
      underwent enflurane and nitrous oxide anesthesia and surgery. Each subject
      received a bolus dose of 2 mg/kg of methohexital intravenously. Plasma levels of
      the drug were measured for 8 h after injection by gas chromatography using a
      nitrogen detector. Anesthesia (combined with surgery) and increase in age did not
      separately affect the kinetics of the drug; however, the elimination half-life
      was longer in the elderly patients group than in the young non-anesthetized
      volunteers.

PMID- 4036533
TI  - Etomidate infusion and adrenocortical function. A study in elective surgery.
AB  - The adrenocortical response to a short tetracosactrin (Synacthen) test was
      studied in 11 patients receiving either etomidate infusion or thiopentone
      infusion used to maintain anaesthesia for abdominal hysterectomy. Pethidine was
      used as the narcotic component. The results showed that etomidate infusion
      (median 28.5 ug/kg/min) completely blocked the adrenocortical response to
      corticotropin stimulation for at least 24 h after surgery. No suppression was
      found in patients receiving thiopentone infusion. It is concluded that etomidate
      cannot be recommended for routine induction and maintenance of anaesthesia.

PMID- 4036534
TI  - Enflurane hepatitis. A report of a case with a previous history of halothane
      hepatitis.
AB  - "Enflurane hepatitis" has only recently been accepted as a disease entity. As far
      as the authors know, this paper is the first report on enflurane hepatitis in a
      patient with a previous history of halothane hepatitis. Our conclusion is that a
      potent halogenated inhalation agent should never be given to a patient if a prior
      administration of another such agent has led to the development of hepatic
      injury.

PMID- 4036535
TI  - Circulatory effects of haemorrhage during sodium nitroprusside induced
      hypotension. A study in the rat.
AB  - The haemodynamic changes induced by acute moderate blood loss were investigated
      in rats during normotensive halothane anaesthesia and during sodium-nitroprusside
      induced hypotensive anaesthesia, respectively. Following haemorrhage in the
      normotensive group, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and left cardiac
      work decreased. Cardiac output was reduced non-significantly. Blood flow was
      redistributed to favour cerebral, coronary, renal and hepatic circulation, mainly
      at the expense of blood flow to the carcass. Following haemorrhage in the
      hypotensive group, cardiac output increased significantly. Mean arterial
      pressure, heart rate and left cardiac work were unchanged. Absolute values for
      cerebral, coronary, renal and hepatic blood flow were maintained or even
      increased, while blood flow to the carcass was unchanged.

PMID- 4036536
TI  - Does dopamine suppress stress-induced intestinal and renal vasoconstriction?
AB  - Dopamine interference with intestinal and renal sympathetic reflex
      vasoconstrictor responses was studied in cats anaesthetized with diazepam,
      fentanyl and nitrous oxide. Vasoconstriction was induced by electric stimulation
      of the hypothalamic defence-alarm area and by stimulation of somatic and visceral
      afferents. In addition, intestinal vasoconstriction was elicited by direct
      stimulation of postganglionic sympathetic efferent nerves. In the intestine,
      dopamine administration (7.5 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) was not associated with an
      attenuation of the investigated sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses, although
      dopamine per se decreased intestinal vascular resistance by 36 +/- 4%. Due to
      this dopamine-induced background vasodilation, the intestinal blood flow level
      during stimulation procedures and concomitant dopamine infusion was higher than
      during similar stimulations prior to dopamine (for defence-alarm area stimulation
      45 +/- 16%, for afferent nerve stimulation 79 +/- 22% and for efferent
      postganglionic nerve stimulation 66 +/- 16%). In the kidney, dopamine per se had
      only minor effects on vascular resistance and on changes in vascular tone
      elicited by the stimulation procedures. The renal blood flow level in response to
      the stimulation procedures was not significantly affected by dopamine. In
      conclusion, dopamine may contribute to a sustained intestinal blood flow level
      when administered during supervening stress-related sympathetic activation.

PMID- 4036537
TI  - Sciatic nerve block: a new lateral approach.
AB  - The currently available methods for local anaesthetic block of the sciatic nerve
      are difficult to perform. Here we describe a new and easier technique for the
      block. The sciatic nerve is approached from the lateral side of the thigh with
      the patient lying supine and is identified by simple anatomical landmarks with
      the help of a nerve stimulator. The technique was found to be safe and effective
      in over 100 cases. It can be learnt quickly and is easily remembered.

PMID- 4036538
TI  - Multiple intercostal blocks by a single injection? A clinical and radiological
      investigation.
AB  - Three different techniques for producing multiple intercostal nerve blocks using
      bupivacaine were compared in volunteers. The techniques used were multiple
      injections at intercostal nerves 7-11, or a single injection employing a needle
      or a catheter inserted in the 9th intercostal space. The injections were made at
      the costal angle. The anatomical spread of a mixture of a local anaesthetic and a
      radio-opaque fluid following the single injection technique at the ninth
      intercostal space or at the subcostal space was evaluated by computerized x-ray
      tomography (CT). The distribution of cutaneous analgesia/hypalgesia following all
      techniques was evaluated by pin prick. No spread of the local anaesthetic to
      adjacent intercostal spaces or to the paravertebral space could be shown by CT.
      The distribution of cutaneous analgesia was limited to three segments or less
      following a single injection. No difference in blood levels of bupivacaine could
      be found. It is concluded that the single injection technique of producing
      multiple intercostal nerve blocks is inferior to the multiple injection
      technique.

PMID- 4036539
TI  - Comparison of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters following oral or
      intramuscular atropine in children. Atropine overdose in two small children.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of atropine 0.03 mg/kg p.o. or
      0.02 mg/kg i.m. were compared in a double-blind study in 20 children with a mean
      age of 5.1 years undergoing otolaryngological surgery, mostly adenotomy. Outside
      the study protocol, two small children accidentally received an overdose of
      atropine 0.3 mg/kg p.o. In addition to atropine, all children received triclofos
      70 mg/kg p.o. Following p.o. administration of atropine, the mean maximum serum
      concentration of 6.7 nmol/l occurred at 2 h. The corresponding result after i.m.
      administration was 5.7 nmol/l at 0.5 h. Serum concentrations of atropine were 3.5
      and 1.3 nmol/l 8 h after p.o. and i.m. administration, respectively. At 70 min
      the anti-sialogogue effect was clinically satisfactory after both modes of
      administration. The heart rate increased statistically significantly only after
      i.m. administration. The mean maximum rise in the rectal temperature before the
      start of anaesthesia occurred at 1 h and was 0.5 degrees C in the p.o. group and
      0.7 degrees C in the i.m. group. The flush phenomenon, mostly on the face and
      sometimes also on the chest, occurred in both groups, being more intense in the
      i.m. group than in the p.o. group. The children who developed flush had a
      statistically significantly higher rise in rectal temperature than the children
      without flush. There was a positive but weak correlation between the serum
      concentration of atropine and the heart rate, whereas the correlation between the
      serum concentration after i.m. atropine and the rectal temperature was weakly
      negative. On the basis of the present study, there were no decisive differences
      between the effects and side-effects of the two modes of administration of
      atropine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036540
TI  - Hemodynamics and oxygen transport after partial and total blood exchange with
      pyridoxalated polyhemoglobin in dogs.
AB  - The effects of a pyridoxalated polyhemoglobin solution (SFH-PLP)n-solution) on
      cardiovascular hemodynamics and oxygen transport were investigated in a model of
      partial and total blood exchange in seven dogs. Cardiac output, mean arterial
      pressure and heart rate were essentially unchanged, even after total blood
      exchange, due to the long plasma half-disappearance time of (SFH-PLP)n (36 h) and
      due to the addition of albumin to the solution. The oxygen-binding capacity of
      (SFH-PLP)n was 1.1 to 1.2 ml O2/g hb. Oxygen availability was reduced to about
      50%, resulting from the low hemoglobin concentration and the decreased oxygen
      binding capacity of (SFH-PLP)n. Since cardiac output did not increase, O2
      consumption was maintained by an increase in O2-extraction from 21 to about 50%.
      However the decrease in mixed venous PO2 to values not below 30 mmHg (4.00 kPa)
      proves the sufficient unloading capacity of (SFH-PLP)n. The adequate tissue
      oxygenation of (SFH-PLP)n could be demonstrated by the lack of a metabolic
      acidosis, the essentially unchanged PO2-histograms of the skeletal muscle and the
      only moderate decrease in mixed venous PO2. Four dogs survived for more than 3
      days; three of them were long-term survivors. This suggests that oxygen supply
      was maintained by (SFH-PLP)n until red blood cells were restored.

PMID- 4036541
TI  - Fistula formation following epidural catheter. A case report.
AB  - A case of fistula formation following epidural catheterisation is presented. The
      diagnosis and treatment of epidural abscesses are discussed.

PMID- 4036542
TI  - Ultrarapid induction.
AB  - We report 250 rapid induction anesthesias performed for the purpose of preventing
      regurgitation and vomiting in patients with full stomach. The anesthetic
      technique includes administration of morphine 20 mg and droperidol 5 mg
      intravenously 10-15 minutes before induction, a voluntary air hyperventilation at
      the anesthetist's command, during which induction drugs are introduced and an
      induction with a mixture containing suxamethonium 2 mg/kg and thiopentone 1.4
      mg/kg, administered within 1-2 seconds. Eighteen seconds after the onset of
      injection the loss of lid reflex is observed followed 7 seconds later by masseter
      muscle relaxation. Within the following 5-10 seconds intubation is carried out in
      full fasciculation process, before cardia relaxation. With this technique, a mean
      intubation time of 35 seconds is achieved. The interval of maximum regurgitation
      risk is lowered to 15 seconds, so that ventilation by mask and cricoid pressure
      are no more necessary. The technique is indicated in the young and vigorous adult
      and contraindicated in the old and tainted patient, in coronary patients, in
      those with low heart output and slowing of circulation.

PMID- 4036543
TI  - Effect of nitrous oxide on serum vitamin-B12 levels under surgical anesthesia.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of nitrous oxide (66%) as used in surgical anesthesia on
      serum vitamin-B12 levels, 27 patients were studied undergoing operations longer
      than 2 hours. In addition a group of 10 patients was given oxygen/halothane for
      comparison. In patients receiving nitrous oxide, serum-B12 concentrations showed
      significant reductions during anesthesia, but increased at the 24th hour and
      recovered completely at the 72nd hour postoperatively. No significant changes
      were seen in vitamin levels during and after anesthesia in patients not receiving
      nitrous oxide. There was also no macrocytosis or hypersegmentation of neutrophils
      on blood slides taken concomitantly with blood samples in both groups. In view of
      the rapid recovery of vitamin levels and the fact that, in spite of the
      significant reductions caused by nitrous oxide none of the individual values
      decreased below normal, it is suggested that the effect of nitrous oxide as used
      in surgical anesthesia may be considered insignificant in patients with normal
      vitamin-B12 values.

PMID- 4036544
TI  - Photoreceptor nuclei outside of the limiting membrane in the chick retina.
AB  - The present work describes the presence of some photoreceptor nuclei in the
      embryonic and adult chick retina which are situated outside of the external
      limiting membrane. We also discuss their possible degenerative character.

PMID- 4036545
TI  - Effects of progesterone on nuclear ribonucleoprotein constituents of endometrial
      cells of the rat.
AB  - The effects of changes of progesterone concentration on 3H-uridine incorporation
      and on the volume or number of nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles of the rat
      endometrial epithelial cells are studied in vivo and in vitro. All progesterone
      treatments are carried out after estradiol priming and their results are compared
      with estradiol-treated controls sampled from the same uterus or the same pool of
      isolated cells. Progesterone induces the same changes, in the parameters studied,
      administered in vivo or in vitro. Nuclear volume undergoes small but significant
      increases between 1/2 and 8 h of treatment. The total number of extranucleolar
      ribonucleoprotein structures as well as the incorporation of 3H-uridine on non
      nucleolar areas are also increased by progesterone treatments. However, the
      numerical density of perichromatin granules does not change during these
      experiments. The nucleolar volume and the incorporation of 3H-uridine in this
      structure are increased after an early diminution. These results indicate that
      progesterone induces small increases in the rate of transcription in the
      nucleolus and in non-nucleolar genes. The constancy of the density of
      perichromatin granules suggests that progesterone, in contrast to estradiol, does
      not affect the ratio transcription/transportation of RNA to the cytoplasm.

PMID- 4036546
TI  - Effects of aminoglutethimide on ovarian histology in the rat.
AB  - Aminoglutethimide, a corticosteroid inhibitor, administered at a daily dose of
      150 mg per kg body weight, showed a dramatic interference with ovarian histology
      in the rat. The drug caused thinning of the germinal epithelium and disruption of
      the layers of the follicular cells. It also resulted in the appearance of
      cytoplasmic vacuoles and distortion of follicle cell nuclei. In the corpus
      luteum, it caused shrinkage of the lutein cells, resulting in large spaces
      between the cords of cells. It also arrested immature follicles at various stages
      of their development. Our results indicate that aminoglutethimide, by modifying
      ovarian structure in the rat, interferes with the ovulation process.

PMID- 4036547
TI  - Comparative development of thoracic intervertebral discs and intra-articular
      ligaments in the human, monkey, mouse, and cat.
AB  - Developmental features of thoracic intervertrebral discs and their association in
      the adult with other vertebral structures were investigated in four species. The
      human anulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and intra-articular ligaments were
      compared to those of the fetal rhesus monkey, mouse, and kitten. Photomicrographs
      of transverse sections of intervertebral discs document the presence of intra
      articular ligaments in fetuses of these four species. Both transverse and
      sagittal sections of kittens were used to identify the intercapital ligament as
      it differentiated from the dorsal part of the intra-articular ligament.
      Relatively frequent dorsal herniation of the thoracic nucleus pulposus in humans
      may be due to the vestigial nature of the human intra-articular ligament.
      Quadrupeds have well-developed intra-articular ligaments, which explains
      anatomically the paucity of dorsal protrusions of the nucleus pulposus into the
      vertebral canal in the thoracic region of the cat and mouse when compared to the
      human. The intra-articular ligament was closely associated with the developing
      prenatal mammalian intervertebral disc in the four species studied, and this
      relationship and its surgical importance are described.

PMID- 4036548
TI  - Vasculogenesis in the chick embryo optic tectum.
AB  - The initial formation and further development of the intraneural blood vessel
      network in the tectum opticum of the chick from the 4th to the 14th incubation
      day have been analyzed and some quantitative data morphometrically recorded.
      Vessels have been filled by intracardial injection of India ink in vivo. As
      inferred from our previous investigations on the vasculogenesis of several
      districts of the central and peripheral nervous system in the chick embryo, also
      in the developing optic tectum growth and distribution pattern of the vessels
      seem to unfold step by step under the local influence of earlier occurring morpho
      histogenetic processes of the corresponding neural substratum.

PMID- 4036549
TI  - A peculiar arteriovenous leptomeningeal complex in the guinea pig.
AB  - In most areas of the body, arteries and veins run close together, often sharing a
      common connective tissue sheath. One exception to this is observed in the brain,
      where arteries come in from the base and veins collect over the convexity.
      Classically the larger blood vessels are formed by three coats: intima, media,
      and adventitia. Leptomeningeal vessels are further reinforced by a monolayer of
      pial cells. In the guinea pig, however, above the corpus callosum we found a
      group of blood vessels (an artery and several veins) enclosed in a common
      leptomeningeal sheath. The artery arises at the confluence of the anterior
      cerebral arteries; the veins drain into the straight sinus. The epithelial nature
      of the sheath is evident by the close apposition of cell membranes, the presence
      of junctional devices, and the existence of a basal lamina. The ultrastructural
      features of this epithelium are similar to those of the arachnoid-dural membrane.
      Whether this peculiar vascular complex has any specific function needs to be
      investigated further. The presence of these vessels apparently 'isolated' within
      a leptomeningeal subcompartment may provide a suitable model to study vascular
      extravascular-cerebrospinal fluid substance exchange.

PMID- 4036550
TI  - Solid cell nests of the thyroid. An anatomical survey and immunohistochemical
      study for the presence of thyroglobulin.
AB  - A systematic anatomical study of 100 adult human thyroids from autopsies was
      undertaken for the presence of solid cell nests (SCN). SCN were mainly located in
      the middle third, with a slight tendency to the upper third, of the lateral
      thyroid lobes, and placed along a central to paracentral and slightly dorsal
      longitudinal axis. Immunohistochemical studies for thyroglobulin revealed
      positive staining in follicular cells connected to SCN and, occasionally, in
      isolated cells lying within solid clusters from SCN. The anatomical position SCN
      showed in the present survey is comparable to that shown by the ultimobranchial
      body (UB) vestiges of human fetuses. The presence of thyroglobulin-positive cells
      within solid clusters, together with the existence of follicular cells connected
      to SCN, suggest that SCN may also be a probable source of follicular epithelium
      as occurs with the UB of some mammals.

PMID- 4036551
TI  - Partial purification and some properties of tryptophan decarboxylase from a
      Bacillus strain.
AB  - Bacteria of different origin were screened for tryptophan decarboxylase activity.
      The best producer belonged to an unidentified taxonomic entity of the genus
      Bacillus. In complete medium it produced tryptamine from tryptophan. The
      decarboxylase could partially be purified from the cells by sonication and DEAE
      cellulose chromatography. The enzyme had an Mr of 150 000 and a pH optimum of
      about 7, was stable up to 37 degrees C, and its Km was about 0.3 mM for
      tryptophan. The enzyme needed pyridoxal phosphate for maximum activity.

PMID- 4036552
TI  - Early diagnosis of glaucoma. The value of successive stereophotography of the
      optic disc.
AB  - A group of 46 patients with ocular hypertension (initial pressure 22-30 mmHg)
      have been followed prospectively for 5-7.5 years, with special emphasis on optic
      disc changes. A stereophoto of the disc was taken at each consultation. So far,
      24 patients have been put on anti-glaucoma therapy. A slight increase in disc
      cupping revealed by stereophoto was the first pathological finding in 19
      patients. Only one patient developed a field defect without visible disc changes.
      Neither disc description, cup/disc ratio measurement nor disc drawing were
      accurate enough to disclose small changes in the cup size. Considerably more
      patients in the treatment group had a pressure rise of 5 mm or more and repeated
      intraocular pressures of 30 mm or more during the observation. Stereophotography
      of the optic disc was found to be a valuable method in the diagnosis of early
      glaucoma.

PMID- 4036553
TI  - Epithelial healing: quantitative monitoring of the cornea following alkali burn.
AB  - A micropolarographic system was used as a quantitative means of monitoring the
      healing course of corneal epithelium following a 10 second exposure to 0.20 N
      sodium hydroxide solution. Concentrations of less than that strength produced
      inconsistent flux baselines due to incomplete damage to the epithelium, while
      higher concentrations commonly involved the stroma as well. Virtually complete
      epithelial destruction (down to the basement membrane) and reproducible flux
      baselines were found, however, with the 0.20 N induced lesion studied in detail
      here. The healing course following those exposures consisted of two well defined
      phases: an initial period of hypoflux lasting some 48 h before rising back up to
      the pre-lesion baseline, followed then by a period of hyperflux lasting about 7
      days before decreasing once again down to the pre-lesion baseline. This oxygen
      flux sequence closely parallels certain sliding and mitotic phases of epithelial
      healing already established in the literature.

PMID- 4036554
TI  - Photographic screening for strabismus among mentally retarded children.
AB  - The prevalence of squint among mentally retarded children is much higher than in
      the general population. A photographic screening method based on the positioning
      of the 1st and 4th Purkinje image was applied to 80 mentally retarded children.
      The method was validated against orthoptic examination of the children. Totally
      320 exposures were taken. Fourth Purkinje image was visible on 73% of these. Five
      children were not evaluable from the 4th Purkinje image. The photographic
      technique was simple and easy to handle, but comparison between the clinical and
      photographic diagnoses were inconsistent in 12 out of 80 cases, which made the
      method unreliable. In some cases the clinical assessments also varied from time
      to time. A combination of clinical orthoptic assessment and the photographic
      method is suggested.

PMID- 4036555
TI  - Lens thickness in western Nigeria. A comparative ultrasonic study in Negros and
      Danes.
AB  - A comparative ultrasonic, oculometric study was performed in negroes, West
      Nigeria (151 persons) and in caucasians, Denmark (88 persons). The negros have
      thinner lenses than caucasians, and overall ethnic difference of 0.12 mm was
      found. Male negroes have longer vitreous and axial lengths than male caucasians
      (VB 0.56 mm, AxL 0.30 mm).

PMID- 4036556
TI  - Senile cataract and ascorbic acid loading.
AB  - Serum, aqueous humour, and lens ascorbic acid levels were determined by high
      performance liquid chromatography in cataract-, closed-angle glaucoma-, and
      aphakic patients. The total number of 108 patients were subdivided into different
      groups. In several groups the pre-operative serum and aqueous amounts were
      tested, whereafter patients in some groups were loaded with ascorbic acid orally.
      Finally, a second test was performed on samples taken during operation. It turned
      out that the ascorbic acid concentration mechanism in cataractous eyes needed
      more than 12 h for maximum reaction on the loading stimulus. The slow reaction is
      surprising compared to other species, and it may reflect an affection of the
      secretory process itself in this disease.

PMID- 4036557
TI  - Regional variation in indications for cataract surgery? An analysis of the pre
      IOL period.
AB  - A comparison of indications for cataract surgery in 3 major clinics was done.
      These clinics serve the population of 3 Danish counties for which the standard
      operation ratio previously has been shown to be below average, average and above
      average. Evaluated on basis of pre-operative visual acuity in both eyes, no
      differences in the indications were found between the 3 clinics. Other possible
      determinants of rate variation might be differences in doctors' and patients'
      attitude towards cataract treatment, variation in cataract prevalence and in
      ophthalmic service supply.

PMID- 4036558
TI  - Intraocular pressure in the first days after implantation of the semiflexible
      McGhan/3 M, style 70, anterior chamber lens.
AB  - Intracapsular cataract extraction employing a corneal incision and with
      implantation of the semiflexible McGhan/3 M, style 70, anterior chamber lens was
      performed in a group of 25 patients with senile cataract. Intraocular pressure
      (IOP) was measured prior to and daily in the first 4 days after the operation.
      IOP was slightly, but significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower in the
      observed post-operative period as compared to the pre-operative measurement.
      Similar results have previously been found after cataract extraction with an
      identical technique, but without lens implantation. This probably means that
      early post-operative intraocular homeostasis with respect to IOP is unaffected by
      the implantation of this type of lens. The fine regulation of early post
      operative IOP is probably related to the fact that the described surgical
      technique usually is associated with only minor gonioscopically visible changes
      of the trabecular meshwork.

PMID- 4036559
TI  - Binocular interaction in the VEP to grating stimulation. II. Spatial frequency
      effects.
AB  - The size specificity of the binocular interaction in the VEP was investigated.
      VEPs elicited by sine wave gratings were recorded on 3 subjects, with the
      exception of one experiment where 6 subjects were tested. The recording technique
      made it possible to obtain responses from each eye, even during binocular
      stimulation. The VEP amplitude for each eye during monocular stimulation was
      compared with the response of the same eye during binocular stimulation. A low
      binocular/monocular ratio indicated a high binocular interaction. When each eye
      was stimulated by the same spatial frequency, the binocular interaction was
      highest in the spatial frequency band of 2-4 c/d. When each eye was stimulated by
      a different spatial frequency, the binocular interaction decreased as the
      frequencies were made progressively more unequal. The bandwidth at half amplitude
      was about 1 octave around the center frequency.

PMID- 4036560
TI  - Fluorescein angiography in homozygote and carrier state of progressive retinal
      atrophy of the poodle; comparative aspects with human retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - Fluorescein angiographic findings in 7 carriers and 7 homozygotes of a
      recessively inherited disease, generalized progressive retinal atrophy of the
      poodle, are described in detail and comparisons with 24 healthy control poodles
      are presented. Two angiographic types of the disease could be distinguished.
      These are: Type 1, a diffuse, widespread choriocapillaris atrophy associated with
      retinal vascular and depigmentation changes and Type 2, a predominantly retinal
      involvement combined with focal choroidal atrophic patches lineating major
      vessels. These findings share similarities with the observations made of the
      human disease, retinitis pigmentosa. Unaffected carriers of the disease showed
      characteristic fundus changes in angiography: patchy, hyperfluorescent
      depigmentation changes and often minor narrowing and irregularities of the
      arterioles and poorly visible capillary bed.

PMID- 4036561
TI  - The normal fundus fluorescein angiogram. II. A longitudinal fluorescein
      angiographic study of the fundus in clinically healthy subjects without
      ophthalmoscopically abnormalities.
AB  - Three consecutive photographic fundus examinations using colour, interference
      filter photographs and fluorescein angiography showed no intraindividual
      variation within one year, but a considerable interindividual variation of the
      morphologic fundus elements was found in 48 eyes of 48 clinically healthy middle
      aged subjects. There were 20 eyes with distinctly outlined minute
      hyperfluorescent elements, 15 eyes with minute indistinctly outlined and 3 eyes
      with distinctly outlined hypofluorescent elements. These elements remained
      unchanged after one year. In 80% of the eyes with hypofluorescent elements there
      were characteristically no concomitant hyperfluorescent elements. Seventeen of 48
      eyes had fundus elements exclusively visible in the colour and filter pictures.
      Most hyperfluorescent elements corresponded with elements in the green
      interference filter photographs (85% of the eyes). These findings indicate minute
      changes in the layers of Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium in
      most of the eyes. The indistinctly outlined hypofluorescent elements might
      represent minute choroidal vascular filling defects or minute areas with blockage
      of the choroidal fluorescence.

PMID- 4036562
TI  - The normal fundus fluorescein angiogram. III. A longitudinal fluorescein
      angiographic study of the fundus in insulin dependent diabetics without
      ophthalmoscopically abnormalities.
AB  - In 17 insulin dependent diabetics with an apparently normal ophthalmoscopy at the
      entry of the study, there was a) an individual variation regarding observed
      fundus elements and b) an intraindividual variation during the observation time
      of one year, as evident from fundus fluorescein angiography, colour photography
      and red free filter photography. The examinations were performed on one eye in
      each subject three times within one year. Hyperfluorescent elements--varying in
      number from 1 to 5--were found totally in 14 eyes (= 82%). In 6 eyes (= 35%) the
      number of minute hyperfluorescent fundus elements varied during one year.
      Hypofluorescent elements were present in 14 eyes (12 eyes with indistinctly and
      and 2 with distinctly outlined elements) and showed no variation during one year.
      Eleven eyes (65%) had minute elements--varying in number from 1 to 7--in the
      colour and red free filter photographs not visualized in the angiograms. After
      one year 8 red elements were found in 5 eyes, 6 with and 2 without fluorescence.
      The remaining fluorescent and non-fluorescent elements, constantly present,
      appeared as minute yellowish spots (n = 37).

PMID- 4036563
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy after one year of improved metabolic control obtained by
      continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).
AB  - Twenty-four insulin dependent juvenile diabetics, with no or minimal background
      retinopathy, were randomly allocated to conventional insulin therapy (CIT) or
      continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) administrated by means of a
      portable pump. The metabolic control was significantly improved in the CSII group
      as compared to the CIT group. After one year, a progression of diabetic
      retinopathy (criterion: development of more than 2 microaneurysms) was observed
      in 3 of 12 patients in the CSII group and in 4 of 12 patients in the CIT group (P
      greater than 0.05). A tendency to more severe progression was observed in the CIT
      group. None developed soft exudates or retinal proliferations. Although no
      significant beneficial effect of pump treatment could be demonstrated, it seems
      safe to conclude that pump treatment does not accelerate progression of diabetic
      retinopathy in patients with no or minimal background retinopathy.

PMID- 4036564
TI  - Topography of scleral emissaries and sclera-perforating blood vessels.
AB  - One hundred persons have been subjected to slit-lamp examination for scleral
      emissaries. The number registered per subject averaged 12.2. Such were most
      frequent superiorly at 12 o'clock and inferiorly at 6 o'clock, rarer nasally and
      the rarest temporally. The courses of the perforating blood vessels were equally
      often radial (30%), incyclo-directed (28%), and excylodirected (29%), whereas
      rarely parallel with the limbus corneae (10%), and even more rarely irregularly
      winding (3%). Episcleral pigmentation in relation to emissaries was most
      frequently observed superiorly and where the vessels ran radial and limbus
      parallel courses, whereas rarely nasally and temporally and at excyclo-directed
      and winding courses.

PMID- 4036565
TI  - Ocular effects of oral lithium in humans.
AB  - Thirteen healthy adult subjects, 34.2 +/- 7.4 years of age received oral lithium
      carbonate, 900 or 1200 mg daily for 10 days. Refraction, visual acuity, visual
      fields, corneal sensation, basal tear secretion, ocular motility, convergence
      amplitude, near point of convergence, Hertel exophthalmometry, pupillary
      reflexes, intraocular pressure, voluntary and pilocarpine-induced accommodation,
      and biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy of the anterior and posterior ocular
      segments were determined 4 days prior to starting lithium, 10 days after
      commencing lithium, and 14 days after discontinuing lithium. Some subjective
      visual or ocular complaints were reported, but no clinically or statistically
      significant change occurred in any parameter studied. There were slight, non
      significant tendencies toward constriction of the measured visual field,
      reduction of voluntary and pilocarpine-induced accommodation, and reduction of
      near convergence amplitude while taking lithium; the former two were reversed
      when lithium was discontinued, the latter was not.

PMID- 4036566
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of normal human corneal epithelium obtained by
      scraping-off in vivo.
AB  - The surface of normal human corneal epithelium was examined by scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM). The study was carried out on specimens obtained by scraping-off
      in vivo, and immediately fixed. Four different types of microprojections were
      observed on the epithelial surface: microridges, microvilli, tufted microvilli
      and knobs. Detailed high magnification of surface microprojections showed that
      they consist of subunits. Our data suggest a correlation between surface
      morphology and maturity of the corneal epithelial cell. An evolutive sequence is
      proposed, from the youngest cell, provided with microridges, to the oldest
      exfoliating one, with knobs.

PMID- 4036567
TI  - The femoral head--dead or alive!

PMID- 4036568
TI  - Hyperpressure in juvenile hip disease.
AB  - Intra-articular pressure was measured in 94 hips in 81 children with Perthes'
      disease and various forms of synovitis of the hip. The pressure was elevated in
      Perthes' disease (3.4 kPa), transient synovitis (17.3 kPa), septic arthritis
      (20.2 kPa), reactive arthritis (28.0 kPa) and arthritis with urticaria (32.3
      kPa). In transient synovitis the mean pressure was only 2.3 kPa in flexion, while
      a mean of 26.6 kPa was seen in the neutral position and in internal rotation. In
      children with synovial effusion of the hip, the position of immobilisation should
      therefore be in flexion of 30-45 degrees with slight external rotation. The
      neutral position or extension, even with simultaneous traction, may endanger the
      circulation of the femoral head.

PMID- 4036569
TI  - Vitality of the slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Preoperative evaluation by
      tetracycline labeling.
AB  - In 25 cases with 29 slipped capital femoral epiphyses, treated with bilateral
      pinning, tetracycline was administrated preoperatively. Biopsies from the femoral
      head and the trochanteric region were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. All
      had normal tetracycline labeling except the only patient with an acute severe
      slip.

PMID- 4036570
TI  - Incidence of hip fracture in Finland. A forecast for 1990.
AB  - From 1970 to 1980, cervical hip fractures in Finland increased by 55 per cent and
      trochanteric fractures by 46 per cent. The demographic pattern and increasing
      fracture risks in the elderly will cause twice as many hip fractures in 1990 as
      in 1970.

PMID- 4036571
TI  - Hip fracture in stroke patients. Epidemiology and rehabilitation.
AB  - With the purpose of identifying specific features in aged hemiplegic patients,
      818 cases referred to a geriatric-rehabilitation hospital after hip fracture were
      studied. In 66 cases a cerebro-vascular accident had preceded the fracture, which
      was ipsilateral in 52 cases. No differences were found in incidence of concurrent
      disease, hospitalization time, mortality and functional recovery between hip
      fracture patients with and without a history of stroke, except that an interval
      of less than a week between stroke and fracture was associated with poor
      functional recovery. We conclude that rehabilitation of the stroke patient with
      hip fracture is worthwhile.

PMID- 4036572
TI  - Fracture healing in paraplegic rats.
AB  - In paraplegic rats, histomorphometric and chemical methods were used to evaluate
      callus production in tibial fractures stabilized by intramedullary nails. There
      were no differences in the mean sizes of fracture callus between paraplegic rats
      and their non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing controls. However, the variance
      of callus size was large in paraplegic rats. The concentration of nitrogen was
      high in calluses of paraplegic rats during the cartilaginous stage of healing.
      The hydroxyproline concentration did not differ between the groups. The rate of
      callus ossification was more rapid in paraplegic rats than in controls, but
      fracture calluses of paraplegic rats showed delayed accumulation of calcium and
      incomplete maturation of woven new bone. The results suggest that there are both
      mechanical and non-mechanical factors affecting callus formation in fractures
      below a spinal lesion.

PMID- 4036573
TI  - Effect of nerve injury on fracture healing. Callus formation studied in the rat.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the effects of peripheral nerve lesions on fracture
      healing, radiographic, histomorphometric and chemical methods were used to
      evaluate callus formation in tibial fractures of rats with sciatic denervation.
      Fracture union by bridging external callus was more rapid in denervated limbs
      than in controls. By contrast, external calluses of denervated fractures were
      smaller and less dense and contained less collagenous matrix (hydroxyproline) and
      minerals (calcium, phosphorus) than controls. The RNA/DNA ratio decreased more
      rapidly in denervated calluses than in controls. Mineralization of collagenous
      matrix (estimated from the calcium/hydroxyproline ratio) was not affected by
      denervation.

PMID- 4036574
TI  - Microsurgery in brachial plexus lesions.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with brachial plexus lesions were reviewed 3-6 years after
      microsurgical repair. Four patients underwent nerve transfer between intercostal
      nerves and the musculocutaneous nerve. None of these achieved useful elbow
      flexion. Nerve grafting mainly in the upper part of the plexus was performed in
      six patients of whom five recovered a useful motor function in at least one
      important area. Twelve patients underwent neurolysis; useful motor function in at
      least one important area was achieved in eight. We conclude that microsurgical
      treatment of brachial plexus lesions is useful in lesions of the upper part of
      the plexus, distal to the dorsal root ganglion.

PMID- 4036575
TI  - Shoulder function after deltoid muscle removal.
AB  - Postoperative function and muscular strength of the shoulder joint were studied
      in five patients who had undergone extirpation of the deltoid muscle because of a
      soft tissue tumor. No patient had significant functional impairment but all had a
      slightly limited range of active abduction and flexion. The strength reduction
      did not exceed 40 per cent in any position.

PMID- 4036576
TI  - Trapezium replacement arthroplasty.
AB  - Thirty-one patients (34 joints) with pain due to carpometacarpal joint
      derangement were reviewed 1/2 to 12 years after a trapezium replacement
      arthroplasty using a Swanson silicone prosthesis. At review, 25 hands were free
      from pain, and nine had some pain on exertion. Mobility and strength were
      generally well restored. The radiographic examination revealed 12 prosthesis
      fractures, three dislocations, and five cases of incongruity. However, all
      patients were satisfied with the results of the operation.

PMID- 4036577
TI  - Classification of distal radius fractures.
AB  - We analysed retrospectively a series of 269 distal radius fractures in adults in
      order to determine which of five different classification systems gave the best
      information about the radiographical prognosis of a fracture. The result after
      reduction in 195 cases was influenced mainly by the primary shortening, whereas
      dorsal angulation, radial displacement, and the age and sex of the patient were
      of minor importance. The system described by Older et al. in 1965, was superior
      to the others. In the analysis of the radiographical result after fracture union,
      the quality of the reduction, the Older classification system, and the age of the
      patient were the most important prognostic factors. We conclude that reduction of
      a distal radius fracture should primarily aim at correcting the shortening.

PMID- 4036578
TI  - The etiology of spondylolysis. A retrospective radiographic study.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-five patients with lysis in the fifth (lowest) lumbar
      vertebra and 24 patients with L4 lysis were compared retrospectively with respect
      to radiographic variables and the occurrence of trauma before symptom onset.
      Hypoplasia occurred only in the L5 lysis group, whereas trauma as a symptom
      precipitating factor was frequent in the L4 group. These observations suggest the
      possibility of different etiologies: trauma may contribute to lysis in a normal
      L4 vertebra, and inherited hypoplasia of the lumbosacral junction may lead to L5
      lysis.

PMID- 4036579
TI  - Contribution of the cortex to epiphyseal strength. The upper tibia studied in
      cadavers.
AB  - Non-destructive measurements of compressive stiffness were carried out on 20
      proximal tibial autopsy specimens. The tibial epiphyses were first loaded through
      a template covering all but the peripheral 2 mm of the subchondral resection
      surface, then through the whole resection surface, and finally, after removal of
      the peripheral shell. A slight increase of the stiffness coefficient resulted
      from peripheral contact. Stiffness increased significantly after removal of the
      shell, but several potential sources of systematic error in this part of the
      investigation raise questions as to the validity of this finding. The area
      corrected stiffness showed a decrease as a result of peripheral contact; this
      result indicates that the peripheral rim of bone has a lower area-corrected
      stiffness than the central bone, a finding which is incompatible with the concept
      of a true cortical shell at the epiphyseal level.

PMID- 4036581
TI  - Gentamicin-PMMA beads in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
AB  - Fifty cases of chronic osteomyelitis, associated with septic arthritis in five
      cases, were treated with radical surgery, systemic antibiotics, and insertion of
      gentamicin-PMMA beads. Seven cases were lost to follow-up. The remaining 43 cases
      were followed up for an average of 14 months. All but four cases healed.

PMID- 4036580
TI  - Lack of effects of human calcitonin in osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - The effects of human calcitonin on bone mineral content and certain biochemical
      markers of bone metabolism were evaluated in a 2-12 month treatment period in
      seven patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. S-calcium, S-alkaline phosphatase, S
      immuno-reactive parathyroid hormone and the urinary excretion of calcium were
      found to be within the normal range before and during the treatment period. After
      4-5 months of therapy, a slight increase in the urinary excretion of
      hydroxyproline was observed, but the values were still within the normal range.
      The bone mineral content, measured in the forearm, remained unchanged during the
      treatment period. Side effects were common, in two cases resulting in
      discontinuation of the treatment. We concluded that, with the dose of human
      calcitonin used, it was impossible to detect any beneficial effect in patients
      with osteogenesis imperfecta.

PMID- 4036582
TI  - Lumbar hernia in an iliac bone graft defect. A case report.
AB  - A hernia developed in the region of the inferior lumbar triangle of Petit 1.5
      years after a full thickness bone graft had been taken from the part of the iliac
      crest that forms the base of the triangle.

PMID- 4036583
TI  - Femoral head necrosis following traumatic hip joint tamponade. A case report.
AB  - Necrosis of the left femoral head developed after a bicycle accident with
      undislocated acetabular fracture. 11/2 years later a Moore hemiarthroplasty was
      performed. The cause of the condition was probably hip joint tamponade.

PMID- 4036584
TI  - International Conference. The middle ear. Postoperative evaluation: anatomy,
      pathology, surgery and audiology. Antwerp, June 14-16, 1984. Part I.

PMID- 4036585
TI  - International conference. The middle ear. Postoperative evaluation: anatomy,
      pathology, surgery and audiology. Antwerp, June 14-16, 1984. Part II.

PMID- 4036586
TI  - [Hypopharyngeal carcinoma: analysis of oncological and functional results after
      surgery].

PMID- 4036587
TI  - [Treatment of carcinomatous cervical lymph node metastases with the primary site
      unknown].

PMID- 4036588
TI  - [Mass screening and early diagnosis of cancer of the upper aero-digestive tract].

PMID- 4036589
TI  - [Correlations between bone conduction and speech audiometry in various functional
      states].

PMID- 4036590
TI  - [Evaluation of stapedial reflex parameters in normal subjects].

PMID- 4036591
TI  - [Evaluation of respiratory and cardiocirculatory function during
      adenotonsillectomy in relation to 3 different anesthesiological methods].

PMID- 4036593
TI  - [Assessment of nasal patency by measurement of forced inspiratory flow].

PMID- 4036594
TI  - [Clinical records of malignant tumors of the larynx].

PMID- 4036592
TI  - [Evaluation of the immune response in patients with laryngeal cancer using
      specific and nonspecific tests: initial results of a follow-up in 80 cases].

PMID- 4036595
TI  - Myofibroblasts in fibromatoses. An electron microscopic study.
AB  - Fifteen cases of fibromatoses were analyzed by electron microscopy, the objective
      being to compare the incidence and frequency of myofibroblasts in each category.
      Myofibroblasts were identified in all 15 cases and a considerably large number of
      these cells appeared in palmar fibromatosis, plantar fibromatosis, and nodular
      fasciitis. In keloid and cicatricial fibromatosis, however, only a small number
      of these cells were evident. In seven cases of extra-abdominal desmoid
      fibromatosis, the frequency of myofibroblasts in the component cells ranged from
      10% to 64%, with a mean of 30%. The frequency was high in hypercellular lesions
      and low in hypocellular lesions, assuming that it would be roughly in parallel to
      the cellularity of the lesion in extra-abdominal desmoid fibromatosis and in
      other fibromatoses as well. There appeared to be no particular correlation
      between the number of myofibroblasts and recurrence of the lesion.

PMID- 4036596
TI  - Glomerular deposition of IgA in experimental hepatic cirrhosis.
AB  - Wistar rats rendered cirrhotic with carbon tetrachloride excreted significant
      proteinuria and hematuria. Serum levels of IgA and IgG were significantly
      elevated in cirrhotic animals. They showed mild mesangial proliferation and
      immunofluorescent studies revealed deposits of IgA and IgG predominantly in
      mesangial areas and along capillary walls. These findings were very similar to
      those seen in patients with hepatic cirrhosis or IgA nephropathy. The deposits of
      IgA were also found in hepatic tissue from cirrhotic animals. The intensity and
      distribution of glomerular IgA deposits were not diminished after treatment with
      acid buffer. These results suggest that glomerular IgA are IgA polymers and
      decreased hepatic clearance of hepatic IgA polymers may be responsible for the
      glomerular deposition of IgA.

PMID- 4036598
TI  - Nitrosamide-induced sarcomas in the gastric pylorus of hamsters. A histological
      and ultrastructural survey on the histogenesis.
AB  - A histological and ultrastructural survey on the histogenesis of N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric sarcomas in hamsters was
      attempted. Within 3 months after the beginning of oral administration of MNNG,
      simple spindle cell proliferation in the submucosal zone of the pyloric region of
      the glandular stomach was evident. By 5-6 months, the cells had acquired a
      sarcomatous appearance. Ultrastructurally, the spindle cells in the early stage,
      were divided into 3 types, i.e., angiogenic cells, fibroblastic cells, and
      primitive mesenchymal cells. Similarly, those in the late-appearing sarcomatous
      tumors were also classified into different types of angiogenic, fibroblastic,
      histiocytic and miscellaneous cells. Among the cell population of the 2 major
      groups, angiogenic cells were the most predominant cell type. Some morphological
      transition appeared to occur between the corresponding cell types at the early
      and late stages. DNA content of cell nuclei of the representative forms of the
      nitrosamide-induced sarcomas was higher than that of early appearing spindle
      cells. Thus, the evidence suggests that the early appearing spindle cells are
      precursors for the gastric sarcomas.

PMID- 4036597
TI  - pH-related differentiation in the epithelia of the gastric mucosa of postnatal
      rats.
AB  - The postnatal development of the gastric mucosa was observed in Long Evans rats.
      In both pyloric and fundic mucosae, the mitotic index peaked at 5 days of age and
      then gradually decreased to reach a constant level from 14 days of age onward (P
      less than 0.05), the germinal region shifted from the deeper area of the mucosae
      upward to the middle layer. The number of parietal cells increased gradually (P
      less than 0.05). Gastric pH on the mucosal surface decreased from 6 on the day of
      birth to about 4 at 7 days of age and to about 2 at 28 days of age. The inverse
      relationship between the number of parietal cells and pH value on gastric mucosa
      was found to be highly significant (P less than 0.01). Trehalase and sucrase
      activities were observed at 7 days of age and lactase and maltase activities from
      0 to 14 days of age. In the pyloric mucosae, foveolae containing goblet cells
      which were positive for Alcian blue-PAS and HID were observed between 0 and 7
      days of age. These cells disappeared by 14 days of age concurrently with the
      decrease in pH value and increase in the number of parietal cells.

PMID- 4036599
TI  - Intranuclear membranous profiles in germinoma cells--a variant of nuclear pockets
      and intranuclear annulate lamellae.
AB  - When ultrastructurally examining 24 germinomas comprising 12 seminomas, 4
      dysgerminomas, 1 mediastinal germinoma, and 7 intracranial germinomas,
      intranuclear membranous profiles were noticed in 17 germinomas, ranging from 20
      100 nm in width and 3 microns in length. With occasional connections to the
      nuclear envelope through a small hole, intranuclear membranous profiles in
      germinoma cells were considered as clefts of the nuclear envelope. While most
      frequently situated under the inner nuclear membrane, they varied in
      configuration as well as distribution. As sequestered round mass of nuclear
      material, they were a variant of nuclear pockets containing nucleoplasm.
      Intranuclear annulate lamellae were occasionally present apart from the nuclear
      envelope and connected with nuclear clefts. Eleven of the twelve seminomas and 6
      of the twelve non-seminomatous germinomas showed intranuclear membranous
      profiles, and the incidence of such profiles was much higher in seminomas than in
      non-seminomatous germinomas. Intranuclear membranous profiles facing the inner
      nuclear membrane were also noted in spermatogonia in adolescents and adults. It
      was suggested that intranuclear membranous profiles in germinoma cells could be
      structures following ones occasionally seen in spermatogonia.

PMID- 4036600
TI  - Ultrastructural study of neuromuscular junctions in experimental autoimmune
      myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in rabbits.
AB  - Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) was produced in rabbits by the
      injection of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) protein from electric organ of
      Narkacion tokyonis with complete Freund's adjuvant, and the ultrastructural
      alterations of the neuromuscular junctions were studied. A lesion comparable to
      human myasthenia gravis could be observed in these animals. In acute EAMG, which
      showed a rapidly progressive severe paralysis 19 to 24 days after the first
      inoculation, distinct degeneration of the postsynaptic membrane was observed.
      Sometimes an irregular gap was found between the nerve terminal and postsynaptic
      sarcoplasm. In chronic EAMG with mild and prolonged muscle weakness, which
      appeared 23 to 54 days after the first inoculation, poorly developed junctional
      folds with little degenerative change were seen. By a morphometric analysis, some
      of the changes were detected even in a subclinical EAMG. In the presynaptic
      region, there was no ultrastructural alteration except that an increase of nerve
      terminal area was observed in chronic and subclinical EAMG. The pathogenesis of
      these alterations was discussed.

PMID- 4036601
TI  - Intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor. Report of an autopsy case and review of
      literature.
AB  - An autopsy case with intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor occurring in a 51
      year-old Japanese woman is reported. The lungs contained multiple nodules which
      were characteristic features of this tumor. In addition, the tumor diffusely
      involved bilateral lower lobes associated with extensive pleural invasion. And
      the tumor tended to spread along vascular and bronchial trees. No extrathoracic
      metastasis was noted. Histologically, the nodules showed hypocellular hyaline or
      myxoid tissue surrounded by peripheral cellular layers. Diffuse consolidated
      areas were composed of collagenous connective tissue with scattered tumor cells.
      Factor VIII-related antigen could not be demonstrated in tumor cells, but the
      negative result was considered to be secondary to antigen deterioration by
      delayed fixation of the tissue. Electron microscopic examination did not support
      the alveolar epithelial cell origin, but revealed morphological characteristics
      of myofibroblasts and endothelial cells. The tumor is presumed to be derived from
      vascular stem cell with a tendency of endothelial differentiation.

PMID- 4036602
TI  - Chromium-induced pulmonary cancer. Report of a case and a review of the
      literature.
AB  - A 57-year-old man, whose occupational history was that of a chromate worker for
      about 35 years, suffered nasal perforation during and died due to pulmonary
      cancer. In the autopsy materials, the concentration of chromium in the lung
      tissues was very high, being about 90 times the amount found in normal lungs. The
      chromium particles in the lung tissues could not be detected by analytical
      electron microscope, but they could be found in the anthoracotic lesions of the
      lungs by means of an X-ray microanalyser. The present case was judged to be a
      case of chromium-induced pulmonary cancer since all the pathologic data obtained
      were similar to those found in similar cases reported in the literature.

PMID- 4036603
TI  - The nature of "blue nevus" in cystic teratomas of the ovary. An ultrastructural
      evidence for Schwann cell origin.
AB  - The ultrastructural findings of two cases of "blue nevus" in ovarian benign
      cystic teratomas are described. The bipolar or dendritic pigmented cells showed
      features of Schwann cells with melanin synthesis, but not of ordinary
      melanocytes. This study supports the neural origin of blue nevus.

PMID- 4036604
TI  - Vibrio vulnificus septicemia.
AB  - A 33-year-old Japanese male, who had a three year history of biopsy-proved liver
      cirrhosis, was admitted to the hospital on June, 24, 1983 with a sudden onset of
      fever (38.6 degrees C), chills, generalized pain, nausea, anorexia, weakness, and
      eruption over the entire body. The patient went into shock and died about 7 hours
      after admission. Blood cultures before death were positive for V. vulnificus.
      Postmortem microscopic examination revealed "necrotizing vasculitis" in the small
      and large intestines, stomach, and skin, and also showed marked toxic epidermal
      necrolysis. This case matches the primary septicemia caused by V. vulnificus
      described by Blake et al. In addition, this case suggests that the septicemia was
      acquired through the gastrointestinal tract, especially the small intestine,
      because the V. vulnificus was isolated from blood and numerous Gram-negative
      bacilli around the submucosal vessels were observed in the area with acute
      necrotizing vasculitis.

PMID- 4036605
TI  - Fibromuscular dysplasia of middle cerebral and renal arteries. Report of a case
      with autopsy verification.
AB  - A patient with fibromuscular dysplasia of both the left middle cerebral artery
      and the right renal artery is described. The patient, a 38-year-old Caucasian
      female, died of subarachnoid hemorrhage following rupture of a saccular aneurysm
      of the left middle cerebral artery one month after surgical intervention for
      renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 4036606
TI  - Internal carotid and vertebral arteries of spontaneously hypertensive and
      normotensive rats. A morphometric study on extracranial, intraosseous and
      intracranial arterial segments.
AB  - Arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto controls
      (WKY) were investigated. Specified cross-sections were collected from the extra-
      and intracranial parts of the internal carotid arteries, from the carotid segment
      situated in the skull bone and from intra- and extracranial segments of the
      vertebral arteries. The internal radius, media thickness and ratio between media
      thickness and internal radius (m/r ratio) were calculated for a standardized
      condition implying a smooth and circular internal elastic membrane. The m/r ratio
      was significantly increased in all arterial segments of 7-month-old SHR compared
      to WKY. This was caused mainly by decrease of radius in the vertebral arteries
      and in the intracranial carotid segment. In the extracranial and intraosseous
      carotid segments the increase of m/r ratio in SHR was mainly due to an increase
      of media. Whereas the radius was the same in the intra-osseous and intracranial
      carotid segments of WKY, the m/r ratio was greater intracranially. The results
      suggest that the physical properties of supporting tissues may influence the
      normal arterial development and modify the influence of an increased arterial
      pressure on the vessel wall.

PMID- 4036607
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of a granulosa cell tumour and a serous papillary
      cystadenocarcinoma in the same ovary. A case report.
AB  - This report describes a previously unreported collision of a papillary serous
      cystadenocarcinoma and a granulosa cell tumour with a sarcomatoid growth pattern
      in the same ovary of a seventy-five year old woman with no endocrinological
      abnormality. The patient died from widespread dissemination of the
      adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 4036608
TI  - Chondromyxoid fibroma. A review of the literature and a report on our own
      experience.
AB  - The present paper comprises a review of the literature on chondromyxoid fibroma
      (CMF) and a report on nine cases originally classified as CMF, found in a review
      of all curetted bone lesions at our department from 1955 to 1978. At histologic
      revaluation only two cases fulfilled the criteria for true CMF, whereas six were
      classified as other benign bone lesions and one proved to be a chondrosarcoma.
      The chondrosarcoma case after recurrence was subjected to more mutilating surgery
      than would have been necessary if correct diagnosis had been established
      initially. The other six benign cases were all well and without signs of
      recurrence 5-11 years after curettage. In one of the two true CMF cases, i.e. in
      a young boy, there were for 2 years postoperatively radiological signs of a
      progressive recurrence, which was left without treatment, since the patient was
      well. Interestingly, radiograms 2 and 11 years postoperatively essentially showed
      the same picture, indicating spontaneous cessation of the process. Chondromyxoid
      fibroma is an extremely rare lesion. Histologic misinterpretation is not
      uncommon. In sporadic cases this may have serious implications. It may be
      questioned whether surgical treatment of CMF in young patients, known to have a
      high recurrence rate, is mandatory.

PMID- 4036609
TI  - Histochemistry of sacrococcygeal chordoma.
AB  - A characteristic feature of chordomas is the content of a great amount of
      mucinous material. A sacrococcygeal chordoma surgically removed from a 76-year
      old man was histochemically investigated in order to obtain some information
      about the composition of the mucopolysaccharides. From the results of the
      staining reactions, we concluded that they are of the acid category and probably
      a mixture of weakly sulphated and carboxylated glycoproteins.

PMID- 4036610
TI  - Effect of aerobic and anaerobic atmosphere on the detection of micro-organisms
      from blood cultures.
AB  - Blood from patients with suspected bacteraemia was simultaneously cultured in two
      Vacutainer blood culture bottles containing 45 ml of supplemented peptone broth
      (Becton Dickinson), five ml of blood in each bottle. The cultures were incubated
      at 37 degrees C for seven days. One of the bottles was vented and the other
      unvented. A total of 3958 blood culture sets were processed during the 20-month
      period of the study. Altogether 438 (11%) of the blood culture sets were
      positive. Of the 438 isolates, 317 (72%) were detected in both bottles, 61 (14%)
      in the vented bottle and 60 (14%) in the unvented bottle. A total of 60 (14%)
      isolates would not have been detected if only five ml of blood had been cultured.
      Only minor differences in the isolation rates of different bacterial and fungal
      species from the vented and unvented bottles were found. The results indicate
      that aerobic incubation of Vacutainer bottles with supplemented peptone broth is
      sufficient in routine diagnostic work.

PMID- 4036611
TI  - Effect of human leukocyte and other tissue dialysates on Listeria resistance and
      phagocytosis in mice.
AB  - The effect of dialyzable transfer factor (TFd) on Listeria resistance was
      measured by survival studies and by assessing phagocytic capacity of peritoneal
      macrophages. Unfractionated dialysates from human leukocytes (DLE), bovine liver,
      porcine spleen and kidney as well as saline were injected i.p. into NMRI mice 72
      h before the i.p. injection of 1-3 x 10(6) Listeria organisms. The results show
      that DLE, porcine spleen and bovine liver dialysate increased the LD50 5-20
      times. Porcine kidney dialysate had no effect on the survival of the mice. After
      the fractionation of porcine spleen dialysate on Sephadex G-10 column, a
      significant activity was found in two fractions, II and IX. When active fractions
      were given together (II + IX) i.p. three days prior to the infection with
      listeria organisms, the survival of mice increased significantly, whereas no
      effect was seen when the fractions were given i.v. and the bacteria i.p. Also the
      treatment with active fractions increased significantly the phagocytic capacity
      of peritoneal macrophages. Taken together, our results suggest that the Listeria
      protective substances seem to operate via monocyte activation.

PMID- 4036612
TI  - Cytotoxic factor(s) released from stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Mechanisms of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity against a tumor-cell line (L-929
      cells) were analyzed. Culture supernatants were harvested from mouse peritoneal
      macrophages cultivated for 3 days in the absence or presence of the stimulating
      agents Escherichia coli endotoxin or zymosan. The supernatants from stimulated
      cultures were cytotoxic for the tumor cells, evaluated by measuring release of
      radio-activity during subsequent 4 days' culture of 14C-thymidine-labelled tumor
      cells in the supernatants. Cytotoxicity was verified by counting cells per
      culture. Corresponding results were obtained from co cultures of stimulated
      macrophages and tumor cells, in accordance with a previous study. Selective
      release of af lysosomal enzyme (beta-glucuronidase) was shown in the supernatants
      from endotoxin- or zymosan-stimulated cultures, while reduced levels of glucose
      were seen in all supernatants from macrophage cultures. Dialysis of supernatants
      against fresh medium reduced the toxic activity somewhat. Dialysis restored the
      glucose content to optimal levels, while the enzyme activity was unchanged.
      Heating of supernatants to 56 degrees C for 30 min reduced the cytotoxicity along
      with a reduction in enzyme activity; 70 degrees C for 30 min removed both
      cytotoxic activity completely. Heating had no effect on the glucose content of
      the supernatants. The present data indicate that macrophage-mediated tumor
      cytotoxicity may be performed through release of heat-labile soluble factor(s)
      which co-variate with the secretion of a lysosomal enzyme from stimulated
      macrophages.

PMID- 4036613
TI  - Neutrophil recruitment in skin window chambers--activation by complement.
AB  - Complement was studied in skin window chambers, a human model of neutrophil
      recruitment in acute aseptic inflammation. Autologous plasma activated by the
      alternative pathway served as attractant; control chambers were filled with a
      balanced salt solution or with non-activated plasma samples. Neutrophil
      accumulation during a 24-hour period was consistently enhanced by activated
      complement in all of 15 healthy volunteers. Control chambers showed negligible
      cell counts. Reference assays revealed 1) consumption of the centrally placed
      complement component, C3, 2) generation of chemotactic activity as assessed in
      Boyden chambers by the standard complement activation procedure. Simultaneously
      obtained responses to activated complement in skin window chambers and in the
      Boyden assay of chemotaxis showed a highly significant, positive correlation. Our
      results demonstrate that the biological capacity of complement includes
      stimulation of neutrophil migration during simulated in vivo conditions and thus
      extends previous observations in animals.

PMID- 4036614
TI  - [Chemotherapeutic studies on schistosomiasis. XXXVI. Synthesis of derivatives of
      4-phenyl-and 4-allyl-5-(pyrazinyl-2)-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thio-ketone].

PMID- 4036615
TI  - [Studies on the Chemical constituents of Menispermum dauricum DC].

PMID- 4036616
TI  - [Application of orthogonal function spectrophotometry to the determination of the
      coenzyme Q10 content in the injection].

PMID- 4036617
TI  - [Morphological and histological studies of the Chinese drug bai-jiang-cao: I.
      Drugs derived from Valerianaceae].

PMID- 4036618
TI  - [Studies on antineoplastic action of indirubin derivatives and analogs and their
      structure-activity relationships].

PMID- 4036619
TI  - [Synthesis of 16-(m-chlorophenoxy)-17, 18, 19, 20-tetranor-prostaglandin F2
      alpha].

PMID- 4036620
TI  - [Steroidal sapogenins from mildewed Dioscorea collettii Hook. f].

PMID- 4036621
TI  - [The application of computer to volumetric analysis of drugs: the assay of weakly
      acidic water-soluble drugs].

PMID- 4036622
TI  - [Studies on PVC membrane anisodamine selective electrodes].

PMID- 4036623
TI  - [The antifertility action of anordrin and its effect on plasma levels of
      progesterone in rabbits].

PMID- 4036624
TI  - [A comparative study on the photodynamic inactivation of tumor cells in the
      presence of several hematoporphyrin derivatives].

PMID- 4036625
TI  - [A new type of peripheral vasodilator, the compound CH-141 in solution. III.
      Decomposition kinetics of CH-141].

PMID- 4036626
TI  - [Preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic study of orally administered
      effervescent acetylsalicylic acid tablets].

PMID- 4036627
TI  - [Correlation between protonization coefficients measured in aqueous and water
      ethanol solutions].

PMID- 4036628
TI  - [Reaction kinetics of the dissolution of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid
      in aqueous solution. I. pH and temperature dependence of salicylic acid
      decomposition].

PMID- 4036629
TI  - A simple reversed phase TLC method for stability-indicating assay of digoxin.

PMID- 4036630
TI  - Impaired maternal behaviour and altered central serotonergic activity in the
      adult offspring of chronically ethanol treated dams.
AB  - Female rats were given 16% ethanol solution as the sole liquid during the entire
      period of gestation. At birth the offspring was removed and reared by foster dams
      consuming normal tap water. At adult age the female offspring showed deficiencies
      in their maternal behaviour; they built nests of poor quality and they displayed
      prolonged times for retrieving pups placed outside the nest. In the whole brains
      of the prenatally ethanol-exposed females a decreased serotonin synthesis was
      observed. The offspring of the prenatally ethanol exposed mothers did not show
      any signs of disturbances in physical or behavioural development.

PMID- 4036631
TI  - Task-dependent development of cross-tolerance to psychomotor effects of lorazepam
      in man.
AB  - Development of cross-tolerance between lorazepam and four other benzodiazepines
      (BZ) was studied in two trials by measuring objective psychomotor performance and
      by subjective assessments. In trial I, nitrazepam 10 mg (NZ), temazepam 20 mg
      (TZ) or placebo were administered to 14 healthy students for 10 consecutive
      nights. After each pretreatment, psychomotor impairment by the challenge dose of
      lorazepam 3 mg (LZ) was measured. In trial II, responses to LZ after pretreatment
      with diazepam 5 mg (DZ) (8 subjects) or alprazolam 0.25 mg (AZ) (10 subjects),
      both t.i.d., were compared to LZ responses measured after one-month wash-out
      period. In trial I no cross-tolerance between BZs was found in objective tests,
      and LZ induced exophoria was even increased. However, the subjects rated LZ to
      cause less drowsiness after pretreatment with NZ in a situation where the
      manifestation of cross-tolerance was facilitated by ingestion of caffeine. In
      trial II a clear but task-dependent development of tolerance to the challenge
      dose of LZ was documented. One-week pretreatment with DZ reduced subjects
      responses to LZ. The total serum BZ activity bioassayed by radioreceptor method
      after intake of LZ was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher after pretreatment
      with DZ than in the end of wash-out period. Thus a functional cross-tolerance was
      documented on complex tasks after the subjects have been continuously working
      under DZ burden.

PMID- 4036632
TI  - Role of glutathione and hepatic glutathione S-transferase in the biliary
      excretion of methyl mercury, cadmium and zinc: a study with enzyme inducers and
      glutathione depletors.
AB  - The effect of hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion and enzyme induction on hepatic
      glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, biliary excretion of GSH, methyl
      mercury, cadmium and zinc was studied in rats. The GSH depletors, methyl iodide
      and diethyl maleate, did not influence hepatic GST activity but, depending on the
      substrate used, benzo(a)pyrene, phenobarbital, pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile
      (PCN) and trans-stilbene oxide (TSO) increased it by 16-33, 44-89, 53-97 and 208
      279%, respectively. GSH depletors decreased (-88%), benzo(a)pyrene and TSO did
      not affect, phenobarbital and PCN increased (+113 and +149%) the transport of GSH
      into bile. The biliary excretion of methyl mercury, cadmium and zinc was reduced
      by GSH depletors (-97, -74 and -93%), and enhanced by phenobarbital (+139, +280
      and +220%) and PCN (+150, +121 and +160%). Treatment with benzo(a)pyrene and TSO
      did not affect the excretion of methyl mercury and zinc into bile, but decreased
      that of cadmium. These results do not provide evidence for the role of hepatic
      GST but strongly support the importance of biliary GSH excretion in the
      hepatobiliary transport of methyl mercury, cadmium and zinc. It is assumed that
      phenobarbital and PCN enhance the biliary excretion of these metals by increasing
      the transport of GSH, the carrier molecule, from liver to bile.

PMID- 4036633
TI  - Local tissue damage after intramuscular injections in rabbits and pigs:
      quantitation by determination of creatine kinase activity at injection sites.
AB  - The creatine kinase (CK) method, which is based on difference in CK activity at
      injection sites and in control tissue, was used for quantitation of local tissue
      damage after intramuscular injection of varying volumes and preparations in
      rabbits and pigs. Injections were given in the central part of the longissimus
      dorsi muscle. Three days after the injections the animals were killed and the
      arbitrary amounts of tissue without CK were calculated from the CK activity in
      muscle tissue at the injection sites and in control tissue. Determination of
      tissue damage by the CK method was in good agreement with macroscopic and
      microscopic changes, whether a well demarcated necrotic area or little or no
      necrosis was found at the injection site. Tissue damage was proportional to
      injection volumes between 0.25 and 1 ml in rabbits and 0.5 and 3 ml in pigs. In
      rabbits tissue damage per injected ml was found to be more than twice the damage
      seen in pigs. It is concluded that the CK method is a reliable method for
      quantitation of local tissue damage after intramuscular injections and that
      injection of even small volumes of 0.25-0.5 ml in the longissimus dorsi muscle of
      rabbits is a sensitive test of the local toxicity of drugs.

PMID- 4036634
TI  - Effects of amiflamine and related compounds on the accumulation of biogenic
      monoamines in rat brain slices in vitro and ex vivo in relation to their
      behavioural effects.
AB  - The inhibition of the accumulation of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine in
      rat brain (occipital cortex and striatum) slices by amiflamine and its two major
      metabolites FLA 788(+) and FLA 668(+) was examined and compared with that of
      amine releasing compounds e.g. p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) and alpha
      ethyltryptamine and uptake inhibitors, e.g. alaproclate, citalopram, desipramine,
      fluoxetine and norzimeldine. It was found that amiflamine and FLA 788(+)
      inhibited the accumulation of serotonin and noradrenaline but only slightly that
      of dopamine in vitro and ex vivo with a mechanism similar to that of PCA and
      alpha-ethyltryptamine, i.e. with higher potency in reserpinized rats than in
      normal animals suggesting amine releasing mechanisms. Similar to alpha
      ethyltryptamine and PCA, amiflamine and FLA 788(+) caused behavioural changes
      (serotonin syndrome) which were particularly pronounced in reserpinized rats but
      also observed after a second administration of amiflamine in normal rats. Upon
      repeated administration of amiflamine the behavioural changes disappeared which
      indicates a functional down-regulation of the serotonin receptors responsible for
      this syndrome. FLA 668(+) inhibited the accumulation of noradrenaline in vitro
      and ex vivo but had less effect on the accumulation of dopamine and particularly
      that of serotonin. It is concluded that amiflamine and FLA 788(+) inhibit the
      accumulation of serotonin and noradrenaline by releasing mechanisms and that the
      released serotonin triggers the behavioural changes observed.

PMID- 4036636
TI  - Abstracts of the XVI Annual Nordic Meeting on Biological Alcohol Research.
      Stockholm, Sweden, May 12-15, 1985.

PMID- 4036637
TI  - Studies on absorption and distribution of ginsenoside Rg-1 by whole-body
      autoradiography and chromatography.

PMID- 4036635
TI  - Calcium uptake in rat brain synaptosomes after short-term exposure to organic
      solvents: a pilot study.

PMID- 4036638
TI  - Biotransformation of terodiline. II. Disposition in the male rat. Identification
      of metabolites in rat urine and rat liver microsomes by mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4036639
TI  - Influence of drug concentration and ageing on the release of salicylic acid from
      a Carbopol hydrogel.

PMID- 4036640
TI  - Studies on tabletting properties of lactose, Part I. The effect of initial
      particle size on binding properties and dehydration characteristics of lactose.

PMID- 4036641
TI  - Effects of physical training and detraining on resting cardiovascular parameters
      in albino rats.
AB  - The time course of shifts induced by physical training in the resting
      cardiovascular parameters was investigated in swim-trained albino rats.
      Measurements were performed weekly, both during a 14-weeks training period and 5
      weeks after cessation of regular swimming. Cardiac output (dye dilution) blood
      pressure (electromanometry) and heart rate (ECG) were measured under
      intraperitoneal urethan anesthesia. In comparison with non-exercising controls,
      rats at the end of the training period displayed lower heart rate, smaller stroke
      volume and cardiac output, and a higher peripheral resistance. The early phase of
      regular training, however, was characterized by an elevated cardiac output, heart
      rate and stroke volume, and by a decreased peripheral resistance. After
      discontinuation of regular training, cardiac output was elevated as well, but
      this was brought about only by the increased stroke volume, because resting heart
      rate was still lower than in the controls. Blood pressure did not change during
      the whole experimental period. Considering that similar shifts have been reported
      in humans, the changes in the resting cardiovascular status may be responsible
      for the similar complaints and symptoms often observed in undertrained athletes
      or in athletes who had interrupted high intensity regular training.

PMID- 4036642
TI  - Establishment of modern examining procedures for diagnosis of porphyrias.
AB  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography together with fluorescence
      detection is suitable for the determination of urinary porphyrin carboxylic acid
      isomers, and Copro I and III, as well as Uro I and III porphyrin isomers are
      separated simultaneously.

PMID- 4036643
TI  - Time course of denervation diuresis and natriuresis in the anaesthetized rat.
AB  - The effect of unilateral renal sympathectomy on renal excretion of water and
      sodium was studied in three groups of Inactin-anaesthetized rats: 1-3, 4-19, and
      20-35 weeks after denervation. Increased sodium excretion from the denervated
      kidney in the absence of changes in GFR was observed up to 35 weeks following
      renal denervation. Thus, in a functional sense, renal reinnervation may have only
      been partial during the time interval studied.

PMID- 4036644
TI  - Recording of sinus node electrogram: its technique, electrophysiological and
      clinical importance.
AB  - The electric sign of sinus node activity, the sinus node electrogram, was
      recorded in animal experiments and in 22 patients. In humans the electric sign of
      the sinus node precedes the atrial activation by 60 msec on the average. Atrial
      impulse conduction time is somewhat longer than the sinoauricular one. Canine
      sinus node electrogram is very similar to that recorded in humans but
      sinoauricular impulse conduction is somewhat quicker in dogs. The pathological
      importance of the sinus node electrogram is discussed.

PMID- 4036645
TI  - Changes in the transaminase activities in the middle and posterior silk-gland
      tissues of eri-silkworm, Philosamia ricini, in relation to spinning process.
AB  - The middle silk gland tissue of eri-silkworm exhibits a higher glutamate
      oxaloacetate transaminase activity (about twice) than that of the glutamate
      pyruvate transaminase, while the posterior silk gland tissue exhibits a higher
      (three to four times) glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity than that of the
      glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase.

PMID- 4036646
TI  - Quantity of DNA in the organs of 19-day-old foetuses after AET, MEA, or 5-HT
      treatment of mice on the first day of gestation.
AB  - On the first day of gestation, Porton mice were injected intraperitoneally with
      AET (2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide), MEA (cysteamine
      hydrochloride,) or 5-HT (serotonin-creatinine sulphate), in a dose of 40 mg/kg of
      bodyweight. On the nineteenth day of pregnancy, the fresh weight of both heart
      and kidneys of foetuses, as well as DNA content in 25 mg of fresh tissue and in
      these whole organs were analysed. DNA was extracted from the foetal organs by
      means of Burton's method, which is based on the estimation of deoxiribose content
      in the colour reaction with diphenylamine. As compared to controls, in the
      remaining groups of mice lower fresh weight of both heart and kidneys of
      foetuses, greater DNA content in 25 mg of fresh tissue and smaller total amounts
      of DNA in the whole organs were found. Among the experimental groups of mice,
      statistically significant differences in the analysed values were observed
      between the group of animals treated with 5-HT and the remaining groups, with the
      exception of statistically non-significant difference in the DNA content of the
      whole kidneys between those injected with 5-HT and MEA.

PMID- 4036647
TI  - Composition of amino acid phosphates in phosphorylated G-actin of rabbit skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - In our experiments the phosphorylation of actin was studied. Similar
      investigations have been published in the literature, however very long
      incubation time was applied in these studies and even so a low incorporation of
      phosphate concentration was found. The present phosphorylation experiments were
      performed using short incubation periods as usual in our myosin investigations
      and was characterized by an unexpectedly high phosphate saturation. We suggest
      that in suitable incubation medium the nucleotide- and phosphate-free actin
      prepared by using phosphate- and ATP-free solutions takes only 1 minute to become
      saturated, while in its peptide chain a N-P bond type acid labile phosphate is
      formed. On maximum saturation 9 M P-arginine, 0.4 M P-histidine and some minor
      phosphorylated derivatives can be observed. After a longer period of incubation,
      with a lower incorporation of phosphate (3 mol P) a more stable phosphorylated
      actin is formed. As a result of preparation and gel filtration a dimer and a
      monomer form of actin can be obtained. Both of them exhibit the basic properties
      of actin (polymerization, myosin-ATPase activation) and the phosphate
      incorporation described in this paper.

PMID- 4036648
TI  - Membrane symposium. Sumeg, May 15-18, 1984, Hungary. Abstracts.

PMID- 4036649
TI  - On some presynaptic effects of an aminotetraline derivative.
AB  - The article studies the effect of a newly-synthesized aminotetraline derivative
      with code 1b on some presynaptic mechanisms of nerve transmission. Compound 1b (1
      X 10(-9) M) increases the contractions of electrically stimulated isolated rat
      anococcygeal muscle: on the background of cocaine (1 X 10(-7) M), the contractile
      response after 1b is potentiated, whereas after phentolamine (1 X 10(-9) M)
      compound 1b does not increase the contraction of the muscle. Compound 1b in
      concentration from 1 X 10(-8) M to 1 X 10(-7) M manifests a concentration
      dependent potentiating effect (EC50-3.95 X 10(-8) M) on the contractile response
      of electrically stimulated isolated rat vas deferens. The alpha-adrenergic
      blocker yohimbin (1 X 10(-7) M) and compound 1b (1 X 10(-6) M) increase the
      contractions of electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens. The potentiating
      effect of 1b is eliminated by clonodone (1 X 10(-19) M) and haloperidol (1 X 10(
      5) M). On electrically stimulated guinea-pig ileum 1b (2 X 10(-6) M) and morphine
      (1 X 10(-6) M) inhibit the contractions of the isolated organ, while their
      combined administration potentiates the inhibitory effect of morphine. Both the
      combined and the independent effects of 1b and morphine are eliminated by
      naloxone (1 X 10(-6) M) and 4-aminopyridine (1 X 10(-7) M). Both compound 1b (2 X
      10(-6) M) and morphine (1 X 10(-6) M) manifest potentiated inhibitory effect on
      the contractile response of guinea-pig ileum, administered on the background of
      dopamine (1 X 10(-5) M) and haloperidol (1 X 10(-6) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4036650
TI  - Ontogenetic development of the monoamine oxidase activity and of the metabolism
      of biogenic monoamines in rat brain.
AB  - The article examines the ontogenetic development of the monoamine oxidase
      activity and of the metabolism of the dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in
      the brain of newborn, 10-day-, 20-day- and 2-month-old rats. Monoamine oxidase
      activity is determined using three substrates: tyramine, serotonin and beta
      phenylethylamine. Monoamine oxidase A (substrate serotonin) and the total
      monoamine oxidase activity (substrate tyramine) are found to manifest identical
      development, their activity increasing quickly after birth, to reach constant
      values after the 10th day. The general course of the development during the first
      ten postnatal days shows that the post partum increase in the total monoamine
      oxidase activity in rat brain is predominantly due to monoamine oxidase A.
      Monoamine oxidase B (substrate beta-phenylethylamine) develops after the 10th
      postnatal day. Evidently monoamine oxidase A plays a decisive role for
      controlling the level of the biogenic monoamines in the young organism during the
      first days of the ontogenesis. Investigation of the changes in the content of
      dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the age groups of the experimental
      animals chosen reveals a rapid increase in the dopamine and noradrenaline levels
      even during the first ten days of the ontogenesis. The increased total monoamine
      oxidase activity and the increased dopamine content correspond to its increased
      turnover rate during ontogenesis. The turnover rate of noradrenaline remains
      unchanged between the 10th and 20th postnatal days. The increasing serotonin
      level between the 20th and 60th post partum days corresponds to its increased
      turnover rate.

PMID- 4036651
TI  - Interaction of the input atrial excitatory waves and conduction through the
      atrioventricular node. I. Changes in the cellular electrical activity.
AB  - Extrasystoles were applied only at the posterior input, only at the anterior
      input and jointly at both AVN-inputs in preparations from rabbit right atrium,
      after 10 basic beats. The effect of the interaction of the input excitatory waves
      was evaluated by the changes in the cellular electrical activity and in the
      output H1H2-interval. It has been demonstrated that both the summation effects
      (shortening of the H1H2-interval) and the inhibition effects (prolongation of the
      H1H2-interval) are accompanied by substantial changes in the spatial-temporal
      organization of conduction within the node. The summation of excitatory waves
      leads to higher velocity of AP increase (most frequently in the N-zone), to
      changes in the shape of AP as a result of electrotonic influences, to changes in
      the sequence of activation of cellular group forming different conduction
      pathways. The inhibition of the excitatory waves is related to the increase in
      the inhomogeneity of conduction, manifested in the formation of competitive
      conduction pathways. In addition to the changes in the AP-front, a typical
      characteristic is the hill-structure reflecting the effect of the excitatory
      fronts. The formation of conduction pathways under the effect of each of the
      input excitatory waves probably takes place on the background (spatial and
      temporal) of the disappearing refractoriness, related to another excitatory wave.
      The interaction between the input excitatory waves, taking places through the
      proposed model, could also be present in a normally functioning heart provided
      the phasic correlations between the moments of activation of the posterior and
      anterior inputs are optimal for such an interaction.

PMID- 4036652
TI  - Changes in the uterine epithelial cell size of white Leghorn hens under tropical
      summer stress.

PMID- 4036653
TI  - Coping with cancer: psychological dimensions.
AB  - Cancer has a profound psychological impact upon the patient and his family, and
      the psychological responses, primarily of the patient himself, the close family,
      physician and nursing personnel, but also of the extended family, and society in
      general, become a complex interrelationship. Some of the most important
      psychological aspects of cancer are reviewed. These include the psychological
      responses of the patient, such as denial, vulnerability, coping strategies, hope,
      depression, suicide, reaction to diagnosis, and the management of the family, and
      the psychological responses and attitudes of the physician and nursing personnel.
      Based on the above psychological analysis some guidelines are offered to help in
      coping with cancer.

PMID- 4036654
TI  - Contribution of adverse drug reaction to admission rates in an acute psychiatric
      ward.
AB  - The relative contribution of adverse drug reactions (ADR) to the admission rate
      of an acute psychiatric ward was examined prospectively. Among 321 patients
      hospitalized over a period of 17 months, adverse drug reactions were the main
      cause for hospitalization in 7.5%. Extrapyramidal side effects - mainly resistant
      akathisia - account for half of these patients. The population at high risk was
      that of the elderly and those suffering from organic brain syndromes.

PMID- 4036655
TI  - DST in healthy volunteers and after sleep deprivation.
AB  - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was performed in 46 healthy volunteers
      and repeated in nine of them following total sleep deprivation (TSD). While only
      2 postdexamethasone cortisol values were insufficiently suppressed (greater than
      5 micrograms %) in control DSTs, 5 postdexamethasone cortisol values were above 5
      micrograms % following TSD. The mean postdexamethasone value was increased from
      1.55 +/- 1.06 to 4.47 +/- 5.86 micrograms % following TSD at 8.00 h. The authors
      conclude that sleep deprivation as a therapeutic approach and prolonged
      sleeplessness may bias DST results.

PMID- 4036656
TI  - Home assessment and treatment in a community psychiatric service.
AB  - The work of a new community-based crisis intervention team is described. 326
      psychiatric emergencies were seen over a period of 3 years. An increasing
      proportion of these were acutely psychotic at the time of assessment. Home
      treatment was effective for a significant number of patients, including those
      with a previous history of hospital admission. Some practical and theoretical
      aspects of the service are discussed.

PMID- 4036657
TI  - Reliability and validity of two tests for non-verbal memory.
AB  - Because of its lenient effects on memory, unilateral electroconvulsive therapy
      (ECT) on the non-dominant hemisphere is routinely used in most ECT units in the
      Scandinavian countries. Considering the neuropsychological peculiarities of the
      non-dominant hemisphere, two tests were constructed to evaluate the effect of ECT
      on non-verbal memory. The tests are characterized by visual mode of
      administration and complex figurative items. They can measure both immediate and
      delayed memory and exist in two parallel forms. Analysis of a number of studies
      on unilateral non-dominant and dominant ECT indicates that the two non-verbal
      memory tests have good reliability and validity. Convergent validity between the
      two non-verbal memory tests, discriminant validity against tests of verbal
      memory, and criterion-related validity in relation to the influence of different
      treatment modalities, indicate the tests as valid instruments for measuring non
      verbal memory. The two test forms show satisfactory parallelism. Together with
      tests of verbal memory, the total battery provides an all-round instrument for
      studying memory functions after ECT or other cerebral influences.

PMID- 4036658
TI  - Content of grandiose phenomenology across cultures.
AB  - The content of grandiose ideas and delusions in patients of various cultural
      groups admitted to a London psychiatric hospital were compared. There were no
      overall differences but certain trends were apparent. It was found that religion
      was the commonest content of grandiose symptoms in all the groups. Its frequency
      was higher in the African and Jamaican groups, an observation that can be
      understood from the cultural background of these groups. The other types of
      content, namely royals, identity and ability were less frequent in all groups.

PMID- 4036659
TI  - Platelet MAO activity as a biological marker in subgroups of alcoholism.
AB  - In the Stockholm Adoption Study, two types of alcoholism, "Type I" and "Type II",
      have been identified on the basis of genetic predisposition. In the present
      study, this classification has been applied to a clinical sample. The two types
      of alcoholism were clinically clearly identifiable. Type I alcoholism was
      characterized by late onset and few social complications. Type II alcoholism was
      characterized by early onset, use and abuse not only of alcohol, but also of
      glue, cannabis, amphetamine and opioids, together with several social
      complications. The subjects with Type II alcoholism had also more alcoholism and
      depression among their first-degree relatives than the subjects with Type I
      alcoholism. Furthermore, the two types of alcoholism were separable by means of
      the biological marker - platelet MAO activity. While platelet MAO activity was
      normal in Type I alcoholics, as compared with healthy controls, it was clearly
      low in the Type II alcoholics. This subclassification of alcoholism seems to be
      of value in future studies concerning the etiology, epidemiology and treatment of
      alcoholism.

PMID- 4036660
TI  - Cross-cultural study of religious phenomenology in psychiatric in-patients.
AB  - Case notes of patients from nine different cultural groups admitted to a London
      hospital were scrutinized for religious background and religious phenomenology.
      With the exception of preaching behaviour there were no statistically significant
      cultural differences, but certain trends were apparent. The pattern of religion
      in each cultural group could be understood in terms of the historical and
      geographical origins of these groups. Religious phenomenology was better
      explained in terms of deep-seated cultural factors rather than current religion.

PMID- 4036661
TI  - Post-partum mental illness in northern Nigeria.
AB  - All the major psychotic disorders observed following childbirth in the West also
      occur among patients in Northern Nigeria. The age at onset of post-partum mental
      disorder is observed to be lower among Northern than Southern Nigerian women;
      this, in the authors opinion, is probably because women in Northern Nigeria are
      generally "given out" to their spouses in early teenage. The study also comments
      on a probable entity of "pure puerperal psychosis."

PMID- 4036662
TI  - Development of a screening method for probable somatizing syndromes.
AB  - "Somatizing syndromes" is proposed to describe all conditions in which patients
      present with somatic complaints but without signs of organic disease. Fifty
      consecutive G.P. patients were given a Swedish version of the 52-item Illness
      Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ) to test whether this questionnaire identifies those
      with signs of somatizing syndromes. The patients were also independently
      categorized by the G.P. into seven clinical groups reflecting the presence or
      absence of somatic disease, social/psychological problems and various
      combinations thereof. The test-retest reliability of the IBQ expressed as
      Pearson's r was 0.89. Patients presenting with concern over non-existing somatic
      disease and apparently unaware of any related psychological problem had
      significantly higher mean IBQ scores than did other patients. The IBQ was thus
      found to be a satisfactory instrument for primary identification of patients with
      probable somatizing syndromes.

PMID- 4036663
TI  - The development of an integrated psychiatric service in a Scottish community.
AB  - The deployment of a specialist psychiatric team and closer integration with
      primary health care practitioners has led to a greater proportion of first
      contacts as out-patients being seen compared with national data, and a relatively
      lower in-patient admission rate. The increase was in those patients seen in
      health centres rather than in additional out-patient clinics. Despite this there
      is evidence of a slow accumulation of patients with psychosis whose main
      requirements is suitable supported accommodation. Such a deployment into the
      community is a more economic use of resource and can, with advantage, assist the
      traditional hospital-based services in the transition from a custodial role.

PMID- 4036664
TI  - Memory for events occurring under anesthesia.

PMID- 4036665
TI  - Introduction of a new metric for the analysis of ear advantage in a dichotic
      single-response test.

PMID- 4036666
TI  - [Fragmentation characteristics of the polyether antibiotic complex isolated from
      Streptomyces hygroscopicus strains IM-110-81 and IM-111-81 (DIKLS) in mass
      spectrometry].

PMID- 4036667
TI  - [Taxonomic studies of Streptomyces hygroscopicus strain IM-110-81 (DIKLS)-
      producer of a polyether antibiotic complex].

PMID- 4036668
TI  - [Isolation, purification and separation of the antibiotics produced by
      Streptomyces hygroscopicus IM-110-81 (DIKLS)].

PMID- 4036669
TI  - [Use of bacterial enzyme preparations in the production of Bulgarian cheeses. IV.
      Comparative studies of white brined cheese at different seasons of the year].

PMID- 4036670
TI  - [Effect of ochratoxin A and other intracellular metabolites on the
      phosphogluconate metabolic pathway in Aspergillus ochraceus].

PMID- 4036671
TI  - Extinction, reinstatement and spontaneous recovery of conditioned suppression in
      rats and the stability of conditioned inhibitor performance.
AB  - Acquisition of the suppressive properties of a conditioned stimulus (CS),
      terminating with shock, and of the attenuating properties of the conditioned
      inhibitor (CI), signaling that shock will not be given at the end of the CS,
      proceed at similar rates. The attenuation of suppression exerted by the CI and
      the decrement of the suppression due to extinction differed in both the time
      course and the distribution of barpresses within the CS duration. After
      extinction the CS still retained some suppressing properties, which were limited
      to the last 20-30 s, whereas the CI attenuated the suppression throughout the
      duration of the CS. Extinction of the suppressive properties of the CS did not
      change the attenuating properties of the CI. The recovery of the suppressive
      properties of the CS after presentations of unsignaled reinstating shocks or
      after a long pause in experimental sessions was incomplete and shortlasting. Both
      procedures did not change the properties of the CS presented in compound with the
      CI.

PMID- 4036672
TI  - Relationship between the release and uptake of noradrenaline by rat brain
      synaptosomes in the formation of defensive conditioned reflex.
AB  - The defensive conditioned reflex with two-way avoidance was developed in rats in
      a shuttle-box. Immediately and 30 min after learning the animals were decapitated
      and synaptosomes were isolated from the whole brain and brain cortex. Using [14C]
      and [3H]-noradrenaline (NA), the processes of uptake, spontaneous and potassium
      depolarization-induced (60 mM KCl) release of NA by brain synaptosomes of trained
      and control animals were studied in vitro. Immediately after learning the
      inhibition of NA uptake was observed, but 30 min following learning the ability
      of synaptosomes to take up NA was recovered to the initial level. Thirty minutes
      after learning the potassium depolarization-induced release of NA previously
      taken up by synaptosomes increased as compared to the control. NA spontaneous
      release did not change under these conditions. With the increase of Ca2+
      concentration in the incubation medium from 1.2 mM to 2.4 mM, the induced NA
      release from brain synaptosomes of trained and control animals regularly
      increased. Changes in NA release and uptake are specific for the development of
      conditioned reflex

PMID- 4036673
TI  - The functional organization of the descending influences in the non-projection
      corticothalamic systems of the cat brain.
AB  - The local cooling of parietal, frontal or motor cortical areas; in cats under
      Nembutal anesthesia changed evoked potentials (EPs) in pulvinar, lateral
      posterior and medial dorsal thalamic nuclei. Parietal cortex, cooling led to
      rapid and significant changes of visual EP and delayed but strong changes of
      somatic EP in the pulvinar-lateral posterior complex. In contrast, frontal cortex
      cooling led to fast changes of somatic EP in medial dorsal nucleus and caused
      delayed weak changes: of visual EP. Motor cortex cooling resulted in rapid
      transformations of both potentials, though the changes of somatic EP were more
      pronounced in medial dorsal nucleus. The modifications of both EP primary-and
      secondary components were modal- and system-dependent. Results suggest that
      polysensory cortical areas exert modal-specific corticofugal influences on
      signals of different modality or on signals of the same modality but different
      subcortical genesis in the association nuclei.

PMID- 4036674
TI  - Changes in intracranial pressure and epidural pulse waveform following cold
      injury.
AB  - Using anaesthetized spontaneously breathing cats, intracranial pressure (ICP) was
      monitored for twenty hours following the insult of cold injury; simultaneous
      recordings were also made of cerebral blood flow (CBF), epidural pulse waveform
      (EDP-WF), and systemic arterial pressure (SAP). Results could be divided into two
      groups depending on whether or not ICP exceeded 30 mmHg. In group one, in which
      marked increase in ICP including occasional episodes of pressure waves were
      observed, an initial increase in CBF and the changes in EDP-WF from polyphasic to
      monotonous at about 20 mmHg were characteristic. On the other hand, in group two,
      ICP never exceeded 30 mmHg, CBF slightly and continuously decreased and EDP-WF
      was polyphasic throughout the course. There were no significant differences in
      trends in SAP, in the extent of spread of oedema and in water content of the
      white matter between both groups. Therefore, the amount of cerebral blood volume
      (CBV) due to cerebral vasodilatation was considered to account for the further
      increase in ICP. Moreover, changes in EDP-WF were regarded as a useful indicator
      in predicting the trends in ICP since these changes could be observed in a
      relatively lower pressure range prior to a marked increase in ICP.

PMID- 4036675
TI  - Long-term effects of partial callosal lesions. Preliminary report.
AB  - Ten patients with partial callosal lesions were investigated with a broad scale
      neuropsychological assessment. Nine patients with a variety of lesions affecting
      midline structures have been operated using a direct transcallosal approach, one
      patient with a callosal lipoma remained unoperated. Sophisticated studies of the
      interhemispheric transfer of somaesthetic and perceptual motor tasks, as well as
      psychometric testing related to parameters of memory and attention performance
      were applied. The results indicate that there is no clear correlation between the
      site of callosal lesion and clinical symptoms. Although special disconnecting
      symptoms due to callosal dissection could be found, they didn't reach clinical
      significance. The most severe symptoms of impairment were caused by the
      extracallosal pathology. The results indicate that the transcallosal approach is
      a safe and feasible alternative in the management of pathological lesions in the
      midline region.

PMID- 4036676
TI  - Intraoperative ultrasonography through a burr-hole.
AB  - Intraoperative ultrasound diagnosis through a burr-hole was performed in 22 cases
      using a 5 MHz electronic sector-scanning transducer. The pathology along with the
      landmarks, such as ventricles and the interhemispheric fissure, were visualized.
      In two cases, a second burr-hole was placed nearby, and aspiration of the fluid
      was accomplished under real-time ultrasonic monitoring using the first hole as an
      acoustic window. Our results suggest a possibility of ultrasound-guided
      stereotactic surgery of the brain through twin burr-holes.

PMID- 4036677
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma vasopressin during short-time induced intracranial
      hypertension.
AB  - The response of plasma and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin
      concentration to short-time induced intracranial hypertension was studied in 8
      patients with hydrocephalus, defined as ventricular enlargement on computerized
      tomography. In connection with measurement of conductance to cerebrospinal fluid
      outflow, the concentration of vasopressin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid was
      measured during perfusion at a low (less than 10 mmHg) and at a high (greater
      than 20 mmHg) intraventricular pressure level. Mean plasma vasopressin
      concentration was increased from 2.4 +/- 0.4 pg/ml (SEM) during perfusion at the
      low pressure level to 4.2 +/- 0.8 pg/ml (p less than 0.01) at the high pressure
      level. The cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of vasopressin at the low and high
      intraventricular pressure were 1.2 +/- 0.1 pg/ml and 1.7 +/- 0.2 pg/ml (p less
      than 0.05), respectively. However, only half of the patients responded to the
      increase in intraventricular pressure with an increase in cerebrospinal fluid
      vasopressin concentration exceeding 50%. The results of the present study suggest
      that an increase in the intracranial pressure might be a stimulus for vasopressin
      release in both the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 4036679
TI  - Universal plate for anterior cervical spine osteosynthesis. Technical note.

PMID- 4036678
TI  - Increased concentration of hypoxanthine in human central cerebrospinal fluid
      after subarachnoid haemorrhage.
AB  - The adenine nucleotide metabolites hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid were
      determined by high performance liquid chromatography in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      from 25 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and from 26 control
      subjects. In addition, the haemoglobin and protein levels in the CSF of the
      patients were determined. In 13 subjects, from which lumbar CSF was collected
      three, six and nine days after SAH, there was a gradual increase in 8 patients
      for hypoxanthine and in 3 of the 13 patients for xanthine and uric acid. The mean
      concentrations were not significantly higher than the controls. In 12 SAH
      patients, consecutive CSF fractions of 10 ml were collected peroperatively during
      surgical clipping of aneurysms. The hypoxanthine concentrations increased
      continuously from lumbar to central CSF samples. Hypoxanthine levels were 6.5 +/-
      1.0 microM in lumbar CSF compared to 11.8 +/- 2.3 microM in central CSF (p less
      than 0.001), while xanthine, uric acid, haemoglobin and protein levels were
      equally distributed. Furthermore, the SAH patients showed about 3 times higher
      concentrations of central CSF hypoxanthine (p less than 0.01) and xanthine (p
      less than 0.05) while that for uric acid was similar compared to all control
      subjects. Also, as in vitro study showed that the increased concentrations of the
      adenine nucleotide metabolites could not be caused by degradation of blood
      components in the subarachnoid space. It is presumed that the increased central
      CSF concentrations of hypoxanthine that were demonstrated in patients after SAH
      could be a sensitive marker for brain tissue ischaemia. However, since there was
      no correlation between the hypoxanthine levels, clinical condition or cerebral
      vascular diameter, other factors have to be excluded before ischaemia alone could
      explain the elevated central hypoxanthine levels in patients without major
      clinical dysfunction after SAH.

PMID- 4036680
TI  - Effects of needle shape on the integrity of the vascular endothelium.
AB  - Lesions generated by the passage of micro-needles through vessel walls are of
      concern because any lesion may significantly alter hemodynamics of an
      anastomosis. To study this problem, three different needles were tested on the
      exposed carotid arteries of 30 rats: the 100 mu taper point, the 100 mu cutting
      point, and the 75 mu taper point. Trauma generated by the penetration of needles
      was tested first as the needle and its attached suture was passed through the
      vessel, then the suture was left in place. One hour after penetration, the
      arteries were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Differences between the
      100 mu taper point and the 75 mu taper point were significant in terms of size
      and extent of lesions. An arc of endothelial cells surrounding the wounds showed
      flattening, tissue destruction and clotting. To minimize endothelial trauma,
      taper point needles are superior to cutting needles. The 100 mu cutting needle
      caused damage to the vessel wall in tissue cutting on needle penetration, causing
      a slit-like incision, and in aggregation of platelets at the puncture site.

PMID- 4036681
TI  - Polyacryl prosthesis for cranioplasty--their production in silicon rubber casts.
AB  - The frequently observed osteolysis after reimplantation of deep-frozen skullcap
      bone have led us to use polyacryl as the material of choice if a secondary
      covering of a skull bone defect becomes necessary. Polyacryl has an excellent
      biological compatibility but often yields unsatisfactory cosmetic results when
      the modelling is done at the site of the intervention, especially in the case of
      defects in the forehead region. A method is described that allows the preparation
      of a prosthesis before the actual operation identical with the original bone in
      every detail. The surgery is then confined to the anchoring of the prosthesis to
      the bone edges.

PMID- 4036682
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic findings on the rabbit meninges after local lavage
      with Polyvinylpyrrolidon-Jod-Komplex.
AB  - The microbicide Polyvinylpyrrolidon-Jod-Komplex (P.J.K.) was experimentally
      evaluated for its use in local lavage of the epidural space. In 20 rabbits a
      lumbar laminectomy was performed followed either by local lavage with P.J.K. or
      with NaCl. After one month the meningeal covering of the operated spinal cords
      revealed no signs of fibrosis or arachnoid adhesions when studied macroscopically
      or by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

PMID- 4036684
TI  - [The apical meatus in the surgery of hypospadias].

PMID- 4036683
TI  - Normal pressure hydrocephalus: correlation between CT and measurements of
      cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients consecutively admitted for consideration of CSF diversion
      surgery for suspected communicating ("normal pressure") hydrocephalus underwent
      cranial computerized tomography (CT) and study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      absorption, the latter determined as resistance to outflow of CSF (Ro). From the
      CT the size of the ventricular system was determined by various linear
      measurements and ratios and the presence of periventricular lucencies (PVL) and
      the size of cortical sulci was noted. Except for absence of cortical sulci
      greater than 3 mm no CT feature was suggestive of compromised CSF absorption. On
      the other hand, cortical atrophy did not rule out increased resistance to CSF
      outflow. Features thought of as characteristic for normal pressure hydrocephalus
      on CT: large ventricles as compared with the amount of cortical atrophy and
      presence of PVL, correlated poorly with measured high resistance values. There
      was no correlation between the size of the ventricular system and resistance to
      CSF outflow. In the diagnostic distinction between communicating ("normal
      pressure") hydrocephalus and cerebral atrophy (hydrocephalus ex vacuo) static CT
      cannot replace an actual determination of CSF outflow resistance.

PMID- 4036685
TI  - [Primary hyperthyroidism and lithiasis].

PMID- 4036686
TI  - [Absence of precipitating effect of uric acid on calcium oxalate].

PMID- 4036687
TI  - [Cutaneous uretero-ileostomy in bladder carcinoma].

PMID- 4036688
TI  - [Hormonal treatment of disseminated cancer of the prostate: results and survival
      obtained in a series of 60 patients].

PMID- 4036689
TI  - [Post-adenectomy urinary incontinence].

PMID- 4036690
TI  - [Cyst of Skene's gland communicating with the urethra].

PMID- 4036691
TI  - [Pyoderma gangrenosum of the penis].

PMID- 4036692
TI  - [Leiomyoma of the prepuce. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 4036693
TI  - [Effects of vasectomy on the rat testicle: ultrastructure study].

PMID- 4036694
TI  - [Intraperitoneal bladder perforation by a permanent bladder catheter].

PMID- 4036695
TI  - Biomechanics of the primate skull base.

PMID- 4036696
TI  - Drugs affecting lipid metabolism VIII. Proceedings of the Eighth International
      Symposium on Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism, July 27-30, 1983, Philadelphia,
      Pennsylvania.

PMID- 4036697
TI  - Proapolipoprotein A-I metabolism in the human and the rat.

PMID- 4036698
TI  - Apoprotein measurements.

PMID- 4036699
TI  - Apolipoprotein E mutants, hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 4036700
TI  - Mechanisms of action of absorbable hypolipidemic drugs.

PMID- 4036701
TI  - Effects of nicotinic acid and its derivatives on lipid metabolism and other
      metabolic factors related to atherosclerosis.
AB  - Nicotinic acid treatment thus induces several beneficial effects on serum
      lipoproteins and on hemodynamic factors related to the risk for development of
      atherosclerosis. It effectively reduces the atherogenic lipoproteins VLDL and LDL
      and also increases the anti-atherogenic HDL, mainly the HDL2 fraction. The drug
      seems to be active not only in decreasing the synthesis of various lipoproteins
      but also to enhance the removal into peripheral tissues, thereby speeding up the
      catabolic events of serum lipoproteins. The mode of action of NAc in adipose and
      muscle tissue needs further evaluation to better understand the complex interplay
      between free fatty acid and glucose and insulin metabolism. The recent findings
      of a stimulation of prostacyclin formation as well as a reduction in platelet
      aggregation are newly discovered favorable effects of the drug that needs to be
      further examined. Although the drug seems to induce some undesirable side effects
      (reversible), its several favorable anti-atherosclerotic properties should
      stimulate both experimental and clinical research with this drug. Hopefully newer
      derivatives with even better tolerance may be developed.

PMID- 4036702
TI  - HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

PMID- 4036703
TI  - Fate of cholesteryl linoleyl ether injected into rats as chylomicrons, acetylated
      LDL and HDL.

PMID- 4036704
TI  - Hypertriglyceridemia: lipoprotein receptors and atherosclerosis.
AB  - We have shown first, that apoB mediates the binding of small VLDL Sf 20-60 and
      IDL, as well as LDL, to the LDL receptor. Second, apoE of an appropriate,
      accessible conformation is required for the binding of large VLDL to the LDL
      receptor; HTG-VLDL Sf greater than 60 but not normal VLDL Sf greater than 60 have
      this apoE population. Third, the same population of apoE that mediates binding of
      HTG-VLDL Sf greater than 60 to the LDL receptor modulates its binding to the beta
      VLDL receptor, but it is not required for the latter interaction. Fourth, a
      domain of processed apoB or apoB-48 in association with a domain of the
      inaccessible apoE is required for binding to and uptake by the beta-VLDL
      receptor. Fifth, our observations suggest that the abnormal catabolism of VLDL
      that occurs in hypertriglyceridemia may be explained by the abnormal uptake of
      HTG-VLDL by either the LDL or the beta-VLDL receptor pathway. Finally, we suggest
      that plasma proteases may route apoB/E-containing lipoproteins to macrophages for
      disposal, and this results in foam cell formation.

PMID- 4036705
TI  - Hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis analysis of an abnormal lipoprotein
      system and potential beneficial effects of triglyceride lowering therapy.

PMID- 4036706
TI  - The role of hydrophobicity in the structure of the human plasma lipoproteins.

PMID- 4036707
TI  - Metabolism of apolipoproteins and the metabolic heterogeneity of apo B in the
      rat.

PMID- 4036708
TI  - Both NK sensitive and resistant mycoplasma free cell lines stimulate release of
      NKCF.

PMID- 4036709
TI  - Aberrant oxygen metabolism in neoplastic cells injured by cytotoxic macrophages.

PMID- 4036710
TI  - AIDS-associated syndromes. Proceedings of the International Conference on AIDS
      Associated Syndromes. December 8-9, 1984, Irvine, California.

PMID- 4036711
TI  - Comparison of type I and type II diabetes. Similarities and dissimilarities in
      etiology, pathogenesis, and complications.

PMID- 4036712
TI  - Immunological aspects of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
AB  - IDDM occurs predominantly among individuals being class II antigen HLA-DR 3
      and/or 4 positive, while NIDDM is not associated with HLA-D. Although the HLA-DR
      3 or 4 specificities are prerequisites for IDDM to develop, their high
      frequencies (about 60%) in the background population preclude tissue typing as a
      predictive test, underlined by the observation that less than 50% of monozygotic
      twins are concordant for IDDM. The presence of a number of immune abnormalities
      argues that the causes of IDDM may be sought in an altered immune reaction
      against antigens present in the pancreatic B cells and/or in the environment. The
      majority of IDDM patients of short duration show both cellular and humoral
      autoimmunity against the pancreatic B cells. Similar phenomena may be observed in
      patients initially diagnosed as NIDDM and treated with oral hypoglycemic agents.
      It has been speculated that these patients have a retarded form of IDDM. It is
      possible that the combination of specific Class II antigen molecule(s) and an
      invading antigen (virus, bacterium, chemical etc.) presented to the immune system
      triggers the formation of effector cells such as B lymphocytes and cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes which also cross-react with the pancreatic B cells. Multiple
      exposures to this or related antigens throughout several years may eventually
      lead a sufficient loss of pancreatic B cells to cause insulin dependence.

PMID- 4036713
TI  - Basis of the present classification of diabetes.
AB  - The present classification of diabetes most widely used is that recommended by
      the National Diabetes Data Group and subsequently endorsed by the World Health
      Organization. This classification is primarily a clinical classification of
      diabetes because in most instances the etiology is unknown. The need for a
      standardized classification arose out of the recognition that diabetes was a
      syndrome rather than a single disease and the different terminologies which
      emerged. While certain types of diabetes can be classified according to specific
      etiology or associations with specific syndromes, the vast majority cannot.
      Insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes usually represent syndromes
      whose etiopathology is believed to differ and their clinical characteristics are
      usually distinctive. As evidence of etiological heterogeneity has increased there
      has been a tendency to adopt the terms Type I and Type II diabetes to indicate
      different etiologies, although the original usage of these terms was as a
      clinical classification to differentiate between insulin dependent and non
      insulin-dependent disease. At present the use of the four terms to describe the
      common types of diabetes leads to confusion, which could readily be resolved by
      arriving at agreed definitions for each of these terms. While the NDDG-WHO
      classification has served to standardize terminology and stimulate research into
      the different causes of diabetes, some further refinement of the classification,
      together with some additional definition of terms, should be considered. The
      classification of diabetes most widely used at the present time is that suggested
      by the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) in the United States in 1979, which
      was subsequently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert
      Committee on Diabetes Mellitus in 1980. It should be stressed that this
      classification was intended to be a uniform framework for clinical and
      epidemiological research, and that the classification would almost certainly have
      to be modified on the basis of new knowledge in the future.

PMID- 4036715
TI  - Atherosclerosis, the major complication of diabetes.

PMID- 4036714
TI  - Insulin-mediated and non-insulin-mediated metabolic effects of
      gastroenteropancreatic peptides in type I and type II diabetes.
AB  - In this brief review of regulatory function of gastroenteropancreatic peptides in
      control of intermediary metabolism in normal and diabetic states, with and
      without mediation by insulin and/or glucagon, a variety of possible mechanisms
      have been described. It is apparent that the pharmacologic actions of the
      peptides identified in various locations provide models for multiple routes of
      delivery and modes of action of effectors in this control system. Examples
      already exist of each of the hypothetical mechanisms illustrated in the scheme in
      Figure 4. It is clear that a great deal of study will be necessary in
      identification of the active agents and assessment of their importance in the
      physiology of intermediary metabolism. With respect to the possible
      pathophysiologic roles of regulatory peptides of the gastroenteropancreatic
      system other than insulin and glucagon, a number of considerations of Type I and
      Type II diabetes have been raised. The balance of the evidence suggests that Type
      I diabetes may be viewed as an insulin deficiency syndrome, so that physiological
      replacement with insulin may be expected to result in correction of the metabolic
      abnormalities. Nevertheless, the difficulty of physiologic replacement treatment,
      which may call for portal delivery of insulin, is well recognized, and
      abnormalities secondary to insulin deficiency even in "well-treated" Type I
      diabetes may be compounded by the effects of gastroenteropancreatic peptides
      other than insulin, exerted through the various mechanisms discussed. In Type II
      diabetes mellitus, current understanding of the pathophysiology is much less
      complete and no convincing description of the etiology exists. The various
      metabolic actions of the gastroenteropancreatic peptides, and their interactions
      with other endocrine, paracrine and nervous regulatory mechanisms, represent a
      dauntingly complex control system. The elucidation of this system can provide
      fertile ground for the development and testing of hypotheses for the
      pathophysiology of disordered metabolism in Type II diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4036716
TI  - A comparison of kidney disease in type I and type II diabetes.
AB  - Diabetes is the most important cause of ESRD in the Western world. Type I and II
      diabetes appear to contribute importantly to ESRD although, obviously, the
      prevalence of ESRD is higher in Type I. Microalbuminuria may predict later
      development of overt clinical nephropathy in both Type I and Type II patients. In
      both diabetes subtypes current evidence favours the dysmetabolism of diabetes as
      causative. There are clinical observations in Type I and renal morphologic
      evidence in Type II indicating that risk of nephropathy is, in part, related to
      the magnitude of hyperglycemia. Institution of strict glycemic control fails to
      reverse established clinical nephropathy in Type I diabetes. Efforts to determine
      if precise regulation of blood sugar can prevent nephropathy in patients with
      Type I and Type II diabetes are currently incomplete.

PMID- 4036717
TI  - Diabetic neuropathy.
AB  - The incidence and prevalence of diabetic neuropathies in Insulin Dependent (IDDM)
      and Non-Insulin Dependent (NIDDM) Diabetes Mellitus is not known because in
      previous studies the heterogeneity of diabetes and of the neuropathies was not
      taken into account, criteria for diagnosis and surveillance for neuropathy were
      variable, and studies were not prospective or population based. We have begun
      such prospective epidemiologic studies using a uniform algorithm for the
      classification of the diabetic disorders and uniform and validated approaches for
      the assessment of symptoms, neurologic deficits and various quantitative end
      points of neural dysfunction. As regards cause, a key question which we are
      trying to answer is whether hyperglycemia and associated metabolic alterations
      affect neural tissue directly or whether there is an intervening tissue
      alteration between metabolic derangement and tissue change. Improved control of
      hyperglycemia does not appear to be associated with rapid neurologic improvement,
      possibly arguing for an intervening tissue alteration. The recently observed
      decrease in nerve oxygen tension and blood flow in streptozotocin diabetes
      suggests that an alteration of the nerve microenvironment may relate importantly
      to the cause of diabetic neuropathy.

PMID- 4036718
TI  - Limitations and problems of diabetes classification from an epidemiological point
      of view.
AB  - There are residual ambiguities between the two main current glycaemic definitions
      of the categories of DM, IGT and normal GT which should be resolved. IGT is
      clearly a highly heterogeneous category and could with advantage be resolved into
      its identifiable subsets though adequate data for this is not yet available. The
      concept of insulin dependency requires clearer definition for operational
      purposes. Biochemical parameters (e.g. C-peptide responses) may help. Attempts to
      combine clinical manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms in a single
      classification (e.g. IDDM/NIDD versus Type I/Type II) should be handled with
      care. If the term Type I is to be retained, it should be applied to a defined
      pathogenic process, not to a clinical type of DM. The term Type II is
      inadequately defined at present. IDDM and NIDDM, clinical descriptive terms, may
      be provoked by a variety of pathogenic mechanisms (i.e. they are
      'heterogeneous'). They could be subclassified by mechanism (when known). More
      visibility should be given in classification to non-Europid forms of DM (e.g.
      'Tropical or 'Nutritional' DM). A staging dimension should be recognised in
      classifications of DM. Future classifications will benefit from the incorporation
      of the presence or absence of susceptibility/resistance factors to diabetes
      itself or to its severe long term sequelae. There remain uncertainties about the
      definitions and clinical implications of gestational DM (and gestational IGT) not
      discussed above. It should be accepted that different user groups may need
      different subclassification of diabetes and glucose intolerance to meet their
      specific requirements and so long as this is made clear and definitions are
      adequate this should not be a problem. However, for the present, all groups
      should accept the proposed glycaemic definitions of DM or IGT for the purposes of
      comparability.

PMID- 4036719
TI  - The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. A comparison of
      retinopathy in younger and older onset diabetic persons.
AB  - In a population-based survey of diabetic persons, retinopathy was detected by
      stereoscopic color fundus photography in 70% of persons under 30 years of age at
      diagnosis and taking insulin (Group YO), in 62% of persons 30 years of age or
      older at diagnosis and taking insulin (Group OO-I) and in 36% of persons 30 years
      of age or older at diagnosis not taking insulin (Group OO-N). The mean duration
      of known diabetes was 14.6 years in Group YO, 11.0 years in Group OO-I and 6.9
      years in Group OO-N. After 20 years of diabetes, proliferative retinopathy was
      present in about 50% of Group YO, about 25% of Group OO-I and about 5% of Group
      OO-N. After 15 years of diabetes, macular edema was present in about 18% of Group
      YO, about 20% of Group OO-I and about 12% of Group OO-N. When present, macular
      edema tended to be associated with more hard exudate in Group OO-N.

PMID- 4036720
TI  - [The possibility of improving the adaptability of preschool children to school].

PMID- 4036721
TI  - [Pedagogic-psychologic aspects of the diagnosis and development of school ability
      in East Germany].

PMID- 4036722
TI  - [Responsibilities of the adolescent physician in the evaluation of specific
      requirements and final examination of students of the 9th and 11th grade].

PMID- 4036723
TI  - [Manifestations and expression of motor activity in normally intelligent,
      concentration disordered, restless students in teaching].

PMID- 4036724
TI  - [Priorities of school health in relation to historical conditions and
      viewpoints].

PMID- 4036725
TI  - [Responsibilities of commissions for lowering infant and child mortality-
      retrospective and prospective aspects exemplified by the Karl-Marx-Stadt
      district].

PMID- 4036726
TI  - Haemodynamic response to postural stress in the elderly with and without postural
      hypotension.
AB  - The haemodynamic response to postural stress (60 degrees foot-down tilt) was
      measured by impedance cardiography in six elderly cardiovascular-normal patients
      and 39 with symptomatic postural hypotension (systolic blood pressure drop
      greater than or equal to 20 mmHg or more). In the normal elderly the mean
      increase in heart rate, fall in blood pressure and cardiac output, and rise in
      peripheral resistance was less than that described in younger subjects. The
      changes were at their maximum in 1 min, and there was little further change over
      the next 5 min. In those with postural hypotension, orthostatic reduction (or
      failure to rise) of the peripheral resistance was the mechanism in 83% of cases,
      whatever the cause, and the time course of the haemodynamic changes was the same
      in the majority as in the normals. Serial tests in patients whose postural
      hypotension was controlled (by cessation of causal drugs, often multiple, by
      fludrocortisone, or by dihydroergotamine) showed return to normal.

PMID- 4036727
TI  - Living conditions and health of a population aged 85 years or over: a five-year
      follow-up study.
AB  - The population aged 85 years or over (n = 674) living in Tampere, Finland was
      surveyed in 1977-78. Altogether 561 persons (83%), 99 men and 462 women, were
      examined. A re-examination of 170 persons, 23 men and 147 women, was carried out
      in 1982 by the same procedure as in 1977-78, The results were compared with those
      of the same people and with those of over-90s five years before. Of the group
      followed, in the initial survey 65% were living at home and 25% in old people's
      homes, 10% being hospitalized. The percentage of hospital in-patients had
      increased threefold during the five-year follow-up. The functional capacity of
      the subjects had deteriorated as regards mental function and ability to walk. The
      mean values of blood samples (apart from ESR) were still in normal ranges,
      although the levels of haemoglobin and haematocrit had fallen significantly.
      Dementia or confusion, anaemia, femoral-neck fracture and cataract were
      significantly increased.

PMID- 4036728
TI  - The Guillain-Barre syndrome in the elderly: clinical and electrophysiological
      features of five cases.
AB  - The Guillain-Barre syndrome is an important cause of polyneuropathy in the
      elderly. The clinical and electrophysiological features of five cases are
      presented. Electrophysiological investigation has a valuable role in the
      diagnosis of this condition in the elderly.

PMID- 4036729
TI  - CIGMA assessment of insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell function in the
      elderly.
AB  - Ten elderly subjects aged 71-85 years and with no indication of diabetes had an
      oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a one hour's continuous infusion of
      glucose with model assessment (CIGMA) to assess the pathophysiology of glucose
      intolerance. All had fasting plasma glucose less than 6 mmol/l and glycosylated
      haemoglobin levels less than 8.8%, but seven had impaired glucose tolerance
      during the OGTT. The CIGMA similarly assessed glucose tolerance (rs = 0.65, P
      less than 0.02), and in addition showed increased insulin resistance and low
      normal beta cell function.

PMID- 4036730
TI  - Duodenal ulcer disease in the elderly: a retrospective study.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed of 163 patients aged 65 years and over with a
      diagnosis of duodenal ulceration admitted to one Health District over a period of
      six years. Eighty per cent of the patients were admitted with acute
      complications, 50% bled and 30% were perforated. A large proportion of these
      patients were currently taking anti-inflammatory agents. Patients managed
      surgically for their complications had a high mortality rate but this was even
      higher for those managed conservatively. Giant ulcers were found to occur
      frequently in this age group which had a tendency to severe bleeding. It is
      concluded that early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention is essential in
      the management of complications associated with duodenal ulceration in the
      elderly.

PMID- 4036731
TI  - The effects of age on muscle strength and anthropometric indices within a group
      of elderly men and women.
AB  - Within a group of 184 subjects (100 females) aged 65-90 years living
      independently, age was found to have a significant negative correlation with
      strength of triceps surae in the calf and biceps brachii in the arm. Muscle area
      in the limbs also declined significantly with age in males. Weight and strength
      per cross-sectional area in the calves declined significantly with age in
      females. Superficial fat did not change with age; height declined, perhaps due to
      kyphosis. The strength of the calf compared to body weight also declined
      significantly with age in both sexes. Multiple regression analysis has been used
      to describe the effects of sex, age and weight on muscle variables.

PMID- 4036732
TI  - Is the Amerlex free-thyroxine assay a useful screening test in the elderly?
AB  - The results of screening 1140 acutely-ill elderly patients with the Amersham
      Amerlex FT4 assay are presented. Nonthyroidal illness was the commonest cause of
      abnormal results and we stress the importance of performing confirmatory tests in
      this group of patients.

PMID- 4036733
TI  - Heatwave morbidity and mortality in old age.
AB  - Mortality in the elderly is affected by external temperature at both extremes.
      Admissions to a geriatric unit during the hot summer of 1983 were compared with
      those in the same period in 1982, a typically British summer. There were 382
      admissions and 69 deaths in 1982, and 468 admissions and 90 deaths during the
      same 22-week period in 1983. The principal difference in the cause of admissions
      was in the group cerebrovascular accidents/transient ischaemic
      attacks/subarachnoid haemorrhages which rose from 10% in 1982 to 15% in 1983.
      There was also a small increase in the proportion of respiratory-tract infections
      in 1983.

PMID- 4036734
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on calcium urolithiasis: (I) Animal model for
      calcium oxalate urolithiasis using ethylene glycol and 1-alpha (OH) D3].
AB  - As calcium oxalate stones are the most important component in urolithiasis, an
      experimental model has to be designed to clarify the pathogenesis and aid in
      their prevention. Hyperoxaluria as well as hypercalciuria were produced in rats
      by administering ethylene glycol (0.5%, in drinking water administered ad
      libitum) and 1-alpha (OH) D3 (0.5 micrograms/rat given every other day),
      respectively, for three to four weeks. Neither drug alone produced stones
      efficiently as did the combination regimen of these two compounds. The occurrence
      of stones was 77.3%, and with only a moderate degree of renal functional
      impairment. Biochemical and histological data were obtained using this model.

PMID- 4036735
TI  - [The residual calculi in conservative operation for renal calculi].
AB  - One hundred and three kidneys with calculi in 100 patients, were treated by
      conservative renal surgery from Jan., 1980 to Dec., 1982. The operative technique
      consisted of pyelolithotomy, extended pyelolithotomy, dismembered pyelolithotomy,
      nephrolithotomy (bivalve or anatrophic nephrolithotomy) partial nephrectomy and
      pyelo-nephrolithotomy. Intraoperative X-ray and coagulum lithotomy were employed
      when pyelolithotomy was performed. Thirty-five residual calculi in 20 kidneys
      were observed on postoperative X-ray film. The rate of residual calculi was
      19.4%. Factors causing residual calculi, were analysed on these 103 kidneys. The
      factors were as follows; the shape of calculi: staghorn calculus with multiple
      small calculi, the shape of the renal collecting system: narrow pelvis with
      narrow caliceal neck and dilatated calices, and the operative technique:
      nephrolithotomy. These results suggested that it would be necessary to minimize
      residual calculi when performing nephrolithotomy.

PMID- 4036736
TI  - [Lymphadenectomy for renal cell carcinoma].
AB  - The techniques, results and problems of lymphadenectomy were assessed in 56 cases
      of renal cell carcinoma. As the approach to the retroperitoneum, the
      thoracoabdominal approach was used in 22 cases and transabdominal approach in 34
      cases. Radical nephrectomy was performed, followed by lymphadenectomy. All of the
      regional lymph nodes were dissected. The mean time required for lymphadenectomy
      was 1 hour and 40 minutes and the mean volume of blood loss was 350 ml. As
      intraoperative complications, vascular injury occurred in 3 cases. In 1 of these
      cases the left second lumbar vein was injured. Therefore, in lymphadenectomy
      caution should be exercised not to give injury to this blood vessel. The
      postoperative complication observed included bleeding and chylous ascites in 1
      case each. In performing operations one must ligate the lymphatic vessel
      carefully. The 5-year-survival rate for 6 cases associated with metastasis to
      lymph node was 33%. From this fact, it was postulated that lymphadenectomy is
      helpful to improve prognosis of these patients.

PMID- 4036737
TI  - [Total cystectomy for urinary bladder cancer: clinicopathological study of 95
      cases].
AB  - Total cystectomy was performed on 95 patients with primary urinary bladder cancer
      between 1973 and 1983. Histopathological and prognostic studies were reviewed
      according to the general rules for clinical and pathological studies on bladder
      cancer. The cancer histological type were transitional cell carcinoma in 87
      cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 5 cases, adenocarcinoma in 2 cases, and
      undifferentiated carcinoma in 1 case. The overall 5-year actuarial survival rate
      was 36.0%. As for the growth pattern of the bladder cancer, the 5-year survival
      rates for the patients with papillary non-invasive type (PNT), papillary invasive
      type (PIT), and non-papillary invasive type (NIT) were 100%, 25.8% and 34.8%
      respectively. As for the stage, the 5-year survival rates for the patients with
      pTa, pT1, pT2, pT3a, pT3b, and pT4 were 81.8%, 64.7%, 40.1%, 30.5%, 22.6% and
      6.7% respectively. Of 87 patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year
      survival rates for the patients with grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 were 100%,
      43.0% and 32.1% respectively. Intramural lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion
      and intramural histopathological mode of spread were significant indicators of
      prognosis.

PMID- 4036738
TI  - [The use of dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of intractable urinary
      frequency].
AB  - Intravesical instillation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used in the treatment
      of patients with intractable urinary frequency due to chronic prostatitis,
      chronic cystitis, tuberculous contracted bladder and interstitial cystitis.
      Before the application of this therapy, all 4 patients were examined carefully to
      rule out cases of acute infectious diseases of the urinary tract, active urinary
      tuberculosis, neurogenic bladder and carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Three of
      the four patients achieved an excellent response both subjectively and
      objectively. In the United States, intravesical instillation of DMSO had already
      been established as the specific method in the treatment of interstitial cystitis
      and no side effects have been reported so far. Therefore, we recommend the use of
      intravesical instillation of DMSO more commonly in various forms of intractable
      urinary frequency.

PMID- 4036739
TI  - [Clinical statistics on outpatients, inpatients and operations in 1983].
AB  - Statistical studies on 1,990 outpatients, 574 inpatients and 606 operative
      procedures at our department in 1983 revealed the following. The most frequent
      diseases among the outpatients were urogenital infections followed by anomalies,
      tumors and stones. The major diseases among the inpatients were hypospadias,
      vesicoureteral reflux, congenital urethral stenosis, benign prostatic hypertrophy
      and bladder tumor. A total of 606 operations were performed on 559 patients, and
      the five major operations were hypospadias repair (80), TUR-P (54), optic
      internal urethrotomy (51), ureterocystoneostomy (40) and orchidopexy (34).

PMID- 4036740
TI  - [Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis with various histological
      appearances: a case report].
AB  - A large left renal mass was removed from an 85-year-old male. Histological
      examination revealed various features: Anaplastic transitional cell carcinoma and
      glandular formation scattered with portions resembling cancer pearls. Sarcomatoid
      like area at ureteral margin of the mass and carcinoma-in-situ at renal pelvic
      mucosa were also seen. Final interpretation was grade III, transitional cell
      carcinoma, with squamous and glandular differentiation, spindling, and
      pleomorphic areas.

PMID- 4036741
TI  - [Synchronous tumors in right renal pelvis and left ureter].
AB  - Bilateral synchronous urothelial tumors in the upper urinary tract seem to be
      rare. To our knowledge, only 34 cases have been reported previously. A 77-year
      old-man with the chief complaint of macrohematuria was admitted. Clinical
      investigations showed left ureteral and right renal pelvic tumors. Resection of
      the wall of the right renal pelvis and partial ureterectomy and its reanastomosis
      in the left ureter were done. Pathologic examination revealed that the right
      renal pelvic tumor was transitional cell carcinoma (G.2, pTlb), and the left
      ureteral tumor was invasive metaplastic epidermoid carcinoma. The patient is
      alive with no recurrence or metastasis 1 year after the operation. We reviewed
      all the reports of bilateral synchronous tumors we could find and discussed the
      histological findings and treatments reported.

PMID- 4036742
TI  - [Ectopic ureter without urinary incontinence despite ureteric orifice in the
      vestibulum: report of one case].
AB  - This is one case of ectopic ureter which lacked urinary incontinence despite
      ureteric orifice in the vestibulum. CASE: A 20-year-old woman complained of
      miction pain. On examination, we found a small orifice in the vestibulum. DIP
      revealed slight hydronephrosis in the left contracted kidney and normal pyelogram
      in the right kidney. On cystoscopy, the bilateral ureteral orifices were normal,
      but we found the head of a catheter placed in the orifice of the vestibulum was
      passing under the mucosa of the bladder. The abnormal lumen was recognized by
      introducing an opaque medium through a catheter placed into the orifice of the
      vestibulum. The diagnosis was an abnormal left ureteral ectopic opening into the
      vestibulum with left complete duplication of renal pelvis and ureter. Left
      heminephro-ureterectomy was performed. Some discussions about the ectopic
      ureteral orifice without incontinence were conducted.

PMID- 4036743
TI  - [Clinical study of ureteral polyp: three cases report and review].
AB  - Three cases of ureteral polyp are reported. The first case was an adult fibrous
      polyp. The second was the first report as a single, lower ureteral polyp in a
      child in Japan. The third was a granulomatous polyp accompanied by ureteral
      stones. About 130 cases of ureteral polyp have been reported in Japan. Although
      it has been classified into 4 to 7 histological types, the concept of ureteral
      polyp itself is confusing as its origin remains controversial.

PMID- 4036744
TI  - [Two cases of spontaneous fistula between urinary tract and gastrointestinal
      tract].
AB  - This is a report of two cases of a fistula between the urinary and
      gastrointestinal tracts. One case was a 56-year-old female patient with a right
      pyeloduodenal fistula, and the other was a 38-year-old female with a left
      ureterodescending colon fistula. The chief complaint was right lumbago in the
      first case, and fever and left lumbago in the second case. Both cases were
      diagnosed by retrograde pyelography. In both cases, the ailing kidney appeared to
      be non-functioning, and the former was operated by nephrectomy, fistulectomy, and
      duodenectomy in the cuneate form, while the latter was operated by nephrectomy
      and fistulectomy. The cause of the formation of the fistula was considered to be
      chronic pyelonephritis accompanied by renal stones in the first case, and rupture
      of the colon diverticulitis in the second case. Postoperative prognosis was
      satisfactory in both cases.

PMID- 4036745
TI  - [A case of ectopia testis transversa].
AB  - A case of ectopia testis transversa was reported. A patient, 35-year-old male,
      was admitted to our hospital with swelling of left scrotal contents. At
      operation, two testes were situated in the left scrotal half, but the right half
      was empty. Including our case, 66 cases of ectopia testis transversa have been
      reported in Japan.

PMID- 4036746
TI  - [Long-term administration of ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904) to complicated urinary
      tract infections].
AB  - The efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) a new broad-spectrum
      semisynthetic cephalosporin with an outstanding long serum half-life, was
      evaluated in 22 patients with chronic complicated urinary tract infections.
      Although the overall clinical efficacy evaluated on day 5 and 10 were similar,
      the rate of excellent effectiveness was higher on day 10 than on day 5. Eighteen
      bacterial strains were cultured from freshly voided urine. Eighty percent of the
      bacteria were eradicated on day 5 and 86.2% were eradicated on day 10. Bacterial
      replacement had occurred in 3 cases on day 5 and in 6 cases on day 10.

PMID- 4036747
TI  - Karyotypes and morphological and histological alterations of the genital tracts
      of repeat breeder heifers with known breeding history.

PMID- 4036748
TI  - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in sheep.

PMID- 4036749
TI  - Enterotoxin production at 4, 22, and 37 degrees C by Yersinia enterocolitica and
      Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacteria isolated from porcine tonsils and pork
      products.

PMID- 4036750
TI  - Coloboma of the optic nerve head in Bengal tiger kittens (Panthera tigris
      tigris).

PMID- 4036751
TI  - Ammonia-like taint and creatine, creatinine and dimethylamine contents in
      reindeer meat.

PMID- 4036752
TI  - Long term studies on bone mineral changes during different lactations in Swedish
      dairy cattle.

PMID- 4036753
TI  - Isolation of thermophilic Campylobacters from Norwegian dogs and cats.

PMID- 4036754
TI  - Identification of thiamine diphosphate-binding proteins from rat liver
      supernatant.
AB  - Transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) was shown to be the sole enzyme protein bound to
      thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) as coenzyme in the soluble fraction of rat liver. No
      new ThDP-binding proteins with the molar ratio of ThDP to protein of 1.0 were
      detected in the rat liver supernatant under the purification and assay conditions
      employed.

PMID- 4036755
TI  - Effects of vitamin C intake on whole blood plasma, leucocyte and urine ascorbic
      acid and urine oxalic acid levels.
AB  - Fifty volunteers among the students of the Faculty of Pharmacy at Ankara and Gazi
      Universities were taken 2 grams of Vitamin C per day at regular time intervals
      for two months. Blood and urine samples were collected in the beginning, one
      month and 2 months after vitamin administration. The whole blood, plasma and
      leucocyte ascorbic acid levels were increased after one and 2 months treatment.
      The urine ascorbic acid were also increased significantly. Urine oxalic acid were
      not elevated after vitamin C intake.

PMID- 4036756
TI  - Ascorbic acid effect on some lipid fractions in human beings.
AB  - A group of 50 volunteers of our Faculty students have taken Vitamin C 2 g per day
      at regular time intervals for 2 months. Blood samples were taken in the
      beginning, one month and 2 months after vitamin administration. Cholesterol, HDL
      cholesterol, lipoprotein and triglyceride concentrations were determined.
      Cholesterol concentrations were decreased significantly at the end of treatment.
      Triglyceride concentrations were decreased also in first and second month. HDL
      cholesterol were rised significantly and alpha and beta fractions of lipoprotein
      were increased.

PMID- 4036757
TI  - Effectiveness and reliability of medium term treatment with a diet rich in olive
      oil of patients with vascular diseases.
AB  - In the present work we investigated the usefulness of olive oil in a standard
      hypolipidemic diet suitable for the secondary prevention of atherosclerosis. Some
      patients who had received a diet with a P/S value of 1.3 were turned to a diet,
      rich in olive oil, with a P/S ratio of 0.52; the same number of patients were fed
      on with the initial diet. The main differences we found were a decrease of LDL
      cholesterol parallel to an increase of HDL cholesterol in the patients fed on the
      diet rich in olive oil. No modifications were found in these patients as far as
      hemostatic function and liver functional tests are concerned.

PMID- 4036758
TI  - 1-Alpha-OH-cholecalciferol (1-alpha-OH-D3) and optimal calcium intake in calcium
      deficiency osteoporosis mediated by parathyroid activity morphologic and
      biochemical changes in adult male rats.
AB  - By feeding adult male rats a calcium deficient diet for a period of 6 weeks
      osteoporosis can be induced with respect to significant changes in mass,
      turnover, chemical composition, and morphology of bone and parathyroid glands.
      When subsequently treating the osteoporotic rats with a combination of 1-alpha-OH
      cholecalciferol (1-alpha-OH-D3) and optimal calcium intake osteoporosis as well
      as morphologic changes of parathyroids can be almost totally reversed as soon as
      after 2 weeks and completely after 4 and 6 weeks. Notwithstanding the change to
      an optimal calcium intake seems to be more important in normalizing the
      osteoporotic skeleton resulting from calcium deficiency than is the ingestion of
      1-alpha-OH-D3, which may per se induce new bone formation.

PMID- 4036759
TI  - Does the non-absorbable fat, (sucrose polyester), interfere with the intestinal
      absorption of vitamin A?
AB  - Sucrose polyester (SPE) is a synthetic non-absorbable lipid. The effect of SPE on
      vitamin A absorption was determined by monitoring the disappearance rate of radio
      labeled vitamin A from the jejunal perfusate of the rat. The relative
      distribution of radio-labeled vitamin A between the micellar phase and the
      perfusate containing SPE was determined. With SPE concentrations of 5, 10 and 20
      g/l, vitamin A was concentrated in the SPE phase over the micellar phase by a
      factor of 4.4, 9.4, 19.8 respectively. Thus, vitamin A favored the SPE phase over
      the micellar phase in the distribution analysis. In vivo absorption experiments
      with SPE and non-SPE perfusates showed decreased net vitamin A absorption rates
      in the presence of SPE by 8.7% Thus, dietary ingestion of SPE results in some
      impairment of intestinal absorption of vitamin A, and may require vitamin A
      supplementation.

PMID- 4036760
TI  - Biochemical and clinical effects of vitamin E administration in homozygous beta
      thalassemia.
AB  - In beta-thalassemic homozygotes, low plasma levels of tocopherols may induce a
      red blood cell (RBC) lipid peroxidation and consequent hemolysis. This is an
      indication to treat these patients with vitamin E. In this study 26 beta
      thalassemic homozygotes aged 2-14 years, were given vitamin E, 10 orally and 16
      parenterally, 300 mg per day for 15 days. Prior to administration and blood
      transfusion, as compared to normal subjects of the same age, plasma and RBC
      tocopherols were significantly lower, whereas RBC malonyldialdehyde (MDA) was
      significantly increased. In both groups, after tocopherol administration, an
      increase in plasma and RBC tocopherols and a decrease in RBC MDA were found. The
      significance of these variations was greater in the parenterally treated group
      than in orally treated group. The treatment with vitamin E, appears to be
      effective to reduce the RBC oxidative damage in homozygous beta-thalassemia,
      principally when administered parenterally perhaps because of its poor intestinal
      absorption in these subjects.

PMID- 4036761
TI  - Role of free radical scavengers on phenylhydrazine induced hemolysis in rat.
AB  - The mechanism of the phenylhydrazine induced oxidative hemolysis was studied on
      the point of role of the free radical scavengers in rats. Phenylhydrazine
      resulted in the degradation of hemoglobin and the lipid peroxidation of the
      erythrocyte membrane. Otherwise, the elevation of coenzyme Q9, endogenous CoQ in
      rats, levels in plasma was observed against the phenylhydrazine induced oxidative
      stress. Supplementation of coenzyme Q10, exogenous CoQ in rats, inhibited the
      phenylhydrazine induced hemolysis according to the suppression of both the
      degradation of hemoglobin and the lipid peroxidation of the erythrocyte membrane.
      These results suggest that free radical scavengers such as coenzyme Q9 and
      coenzyme Q10 have important roles on the phenylhydrazine induced hemolysis in
      rats.

PMID- 4036762
TI  - Tryptophan metabolism in patients with breast cancer.
AB  - Plasma levels of total tryptophan were significantly lower in 51 patients with
      breast cancer than in 14 women with benign breast cancer following surgery and
      after 12 weeks. The urinary excretion of xanthurenic and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic
      acids were similar in patients with cancer and benign disease but the excretion
      of N'-methylnicotinamide (NMN) was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in
      the cancer patients. It is suggested that the elevated urinary excretions of NMN
      is due to higher NAD activity reflecting elevated glycolysis through the Cori
      cycle.

PMID- 4036763
TI  - Cytologic and biochemical changes in pulmonary washings of guinea pigs exposed to
      kerosene.
AB  - Guinea pigs were exposed to kerosene aerosol and compared to controls exposed to
      atmospheric air. Kerosene exposure induced cytologic and biochemical changes in
      the pulmonary washings of guinea pigs. Our results suggest that in chronic
      exposure to kerosene lung washings can be used as a rapid screening tool to
      detect the inflammatory response in the lungs.

PMID- 4036764
TI  - [Immediate hypersensitivity to fruits and vegetables and pollenosis].
AB  - Various works have been published, mainly by Scandinavian authors, in which a
      partial immunological identity has been found to exist between birch pollen and
      hazelnut and apple. However, our attention has been particularly drawn to the
      high proportion of people who are allergic to the apple and other fruits, which
      in some cases has been as much as 50 and 70%, and in whom an oral pruritus alone
      is considered sufficient a symptom of allergies to certain foodstuffs. However
      due to the fact that the incidence of allergies to fruit in patients who suffer
      from pollen-related allergies is much lower in this area, being in the order of
      7%, and because of the absence of birch, we decided to carry out our
      investigation in the opposite direction to that chosen by the Scandinavian
      researchers. That is to say, from the point of view of patients suffering from
      allergies to fruits and vegetables (these being the foodstuffs which most
      frequently produce allergic reactions in our own particular environment) we
      decided to investigate: 1) which foodstuffs, according to clinical history, are
      most frequently responsible for producing allergies; 2) their possible co
      existence with pollen related allergies; 3) which pollens are responsible for
      producing a higher rate of positive results in patients; 4) and finally, by means
      of the RAST inhibition technique, to discover it a cross-reactivity might exist
      between these pollens and the peanut or the pea. We chose 40 patients (19 females
      and 21 males), between the ages of 5 and 49 years old, whose clinical history
      showed beyond a shadow of a doubt that they displayed symptoms of immediate
      hypersensitivity after the ingestion of certain fruits and/or vegetables. The
      technique employed in the skin tests was that of scratch of the skin from the
      backs of the patients (in a prone position), systematically using fresh natural
      foodstuffs, and at the same time trying to ensure that they were of the same type
      as those that had originally produced the above-mentioned symptoms in the
      patients. On 193 occasions we carried out passive transfers (the Prausnitz
      Kustner method or P.K.), and on 13 patients we carried out oral provocative tests
      (cases with positive scratch and uncertain clinical histories). With regard to
      the pollens, we used glycerine-based antigens of the type: Lolium perenne, Olea
      europeae, Artemisia vulgaris and Parietaria officinalis of Dome/Hollister-Stier,
      and the Bencard gramineae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4036765
TI  - [The growth curve in asthmatic children].
AB  - The growth of 209 children with moderate and severe bronchial asthma seen at two
      different Health Care Centers for Bronchial Asthma Patients: (ICr and USP) was
      studied. The two groups differ mainly in socioeconomic level. Age at the onset of
      the disease, as well as duration and severity of the illness were considered. The
      first manifestations of the disease occurred before two years of age in 68.4% of
      the children. There was a predominance of males over females, with an almost 2:1
      ratio in severe cases. The relationship between socioeconomic level and severity
      of the disease was highly significant (p less than 0.002). Weight and height were
      predominantly in the 50 percentile or below. This predominance was more evident
      for height. The height percentiles were significantly lower for the ICr group (p
      less than 0.01). Only 5.7% of the population studied had been submitted to
      prolonged (more than 3 months) corticoid treatment.

PMID- 4036766
TI  - Effects of kerosene on airway sensitization to egg albumin in guinea pig.
AB  - We undertook a study to determine if pre-exposure to kerosene smoke enhances
      airway sensitization to egg albumin in the guinea pig. Kerosene vapor inhalation
      for 15 days, 1 hour daily, in similar conditions to which some housewives who use
      kerosene as cooking fuel are exposed elicited tracheal damage characterized by
      signs of dysplasia and inflammatory infiltrate. When these animals were exposed
      to egg albumin aerosol there was an increase in the antialbumin antibody blood
      titer and an increased response to egg albumin in the isolated tracheal
      preparation (Schultz-Dale reaction), We conclude that the airway damage elicited
      by inhalation of kerosene vapor increase antigen absorption and thereby antibody
      formation.

PMID- 4036767
TI  - Today's Alabama medical student.

PMID- 4036768
TI  - Health and illness as perceived by the Black Carib Indians of Central America.

PMID- 4036769
TI  - Bile peritonitis.

PMID- 4036771
TI  - Myositis ossificans.

PMID- 4036770
TI  - Propoxyphene dependence and withdrawal.
AB  - Despite the widespread use of propoxyphene products as analgesics, there is no
      profile of a typical abuser of propoxyphene. Propoxyphene is structurally related
      to methadone and has central nervous system effects similar to those of opioids.
      The patient with dependence needs professional help in withdrawing from
      propoxyphene, in finding an alternative regimen for management of pain and in
      connecting with self-help programs focusing on life without chemical dependence.

PMID- 4036772
TI  - Harmful effects of indoor tanning.
AB  - The new indoor tanning units use predominantly ultraviolet A radiation, which has
      less potential than ultraviolet B for causing acute sunburn but more potential
      for photosensitivity reactions. Effects of long-term exposure to ultraviolet A
      may include dermal degenerative changes and predisposition skin cancer.

PMID- 4036774
TI  - Vitamin A and alcoholism.

PMID- 4036773
TI  - Treatment of helminthic diseases.

PMID- 4036775
TI  - A perspective on corporatization.

PMID- 4036776
TI  - Smoking responsibly?

PMID- 4036777
TI  - Vaginal delivery after cesarean section.

PMID- 4036779
TI  - Asymptomatic transient ST changes during ambulatory ECG monitoring in diabetic
      patients.
AB  - The reported higher incidence of painless myocardial infarction in diabetic
      patients suggests that asymptomatic transient myocardial ischemia may also be
      frequent in diabetes. To explore this possibility 51 subjects with type II
      diabetes, aged 43 to 71 years (mean +/- SEM 56 +/- 8), 70 nondiabetic patients
      with coronary artery disease (mean age 55 +/- 5), and 40 nondiabetic patients
      without overt coronary disease (age 54 +/- 9) were studied. Thirty-eight of the
      51 diabetic patients (74%) had evidence of associated coronary disease and 19
      (37%) had evidence of previous myocardial infarction. All subjects underwent
      continuous 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring. In 18 of 51 diabetic patients 93
      episodes (73% of the total number) of asymptomatic ST segment changes were
      recorded; the total number of symptomatic episodes was 36, and they were observed
      in seven patients (27%). Forty-eight (60%) asymptomatic and 32 symptomatic
      episodes of significant ST changes were found in nondiabetic patients with
      coronary artery disease. When patients with previous myocardial infarction were
      examined separately, asymptomatic episodes of significant ST changes were
      observed in 10 of 19 diabetic patients and in 5 of 25 nondiabetic patients with
      coronary artery disease (p less than 0.05). In an additional 28 diabetic patients
      who underwent exercise stress test, 15 exhibited an abnormal ECG response;
      however, only five of them (33%) were symptomatic. This study suggests that the
      incidence of transitory myocardial ischemia, as assessed by ambulatory ECG
      monitoring and exercise stress test, is higher in type II diabetic patients than
      in nondiabetic control subjects with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4036778
TI  - Reduction in type A behavior in healthy middle-aged American military officers.
AB  - One hundred eighteen senior officer-students of the U.S. Army War College who
      were healthy but exhibited type A behavior volunteered to be randomly selected
      and enrolled into (1) a section of 62 officers who received group type A behavior
      counseling for 9 months and (2) a control section of 56 officers who received no
      counseling of any kind. Marked or profound reduction in type A behavior at the
      end of 9 months was observed in 41.9% of the 62 participants who initially were
      enrolled to receive type A counseling; marked or profound reduction in type A
      behavior, however, was observed in only 8.9% of the 56 initially enrolled control
      subjects. No adverse effects on the military leadership qualities of type A
      counseled participants were observed by their classmates. Serum total cholesterol
      and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measurements were obtained
      monthly. The serum cholesterol of the total cohort of subjects rose significantly
      during a month of considerable emotional tension and stress. Those subjects who
      underwent a profound reduction in the intensity of their type A behavior pattern
      also exhibited a significantly lower serum cholesterol value as the study
      continued than those subjects who exhibited no change in their type A behavior.
      No significant changes in plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations were observed in
      the total cohort during the above-mentioned period of stress, nor were any
      differences in this particular measurement noted between the type A counseled and
      the control participants.

PMID- 4036780
TI  - Smoking status at the time of acute myocardial infarction and subsequent
      prognosis.
AB  - A population of 2955 patients admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) was followed for 1 year after AMI or until death. Smokers as
      compared to nonsmokers were over 10 years younger (p less than 0.001) and had a
      lower prevalence of hypertension (p less than 0.01), congestive heart failure (p
      less than 0.0001), angina pectoris (p less than 0.01), and diabetes (p less than
      0.0001). They had less severe myocardial infarction evidenced, for example, by
      lower prevalence of pulmonary congestion on chest x-ray (p less than 0.01). Both
      early (1 month) and late (6 and 12 months) mortality rates were lower in the
      smoking population (p less than 0.0001 at 1 month, p less than 0.05 at 6 months,
      and p less than 0.01 at 1 year). Adjusting for age and other variables reduced
      but did not reverse the survival differential favoring smokers at 1 month, but
      adjusting for age alone eliminated the differences in mortality rates at 6 and 12
      months. We conclude that while smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular
      disease and may contribute to the occurrence of AMI at a younger age, smoking at
      the time of AMI does not appear to be an independent predictor of death during
      the first year after AMI.

PMID- 4036781
TI  - Quantitation of regional left ventricular function by two-dimensional
      echocardiography in normals and patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Regional endocardial motion and wall thickening of the left ventricle were
      quantitatively assessed in nine normal subjects and in 21 patients with coronary
      artery disease using two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and a computerized
      light pen system. Eight equal sectors of a cross-sectional image from parasternal
      short-axis, apical four-and two-chamber views were used for measuring sector area
      difference of endocardial motion and wall thickness between end diastole and end
      systole. In 13 patients with anterior wall motion abnormalities, area difference
      of wall thickening found by 2DE was abnormal in 12 of 13 (92%) patients, and only
      in 6 of 13 (46%) patients by endocardial motion. In 10 patients with dyskinetic
      regions in apex or anterior wall, dyskinesia by wall thickening was found in all
      patients, but only in 6 of 10 (60%) by endocardial motion. Thus, wall thickening
      assessed by 2DE is a more sensitive technique than analysis of endocardial motion
      in evaluating regional wall motion abnormalities in patients with coronary artery
      disease.

PMID- 4036782
TI  - Unidirectional retrograde atrioventricular nodal block in man: determinants of
      reversibility by vagal antagonism.
AB  - The mechanism of unidirectional retrograde atrioventricular (AV) nodal block
      remains largely unknown. In this study, factors determining the reversal of the
      unidirectional block by atropine were evaluated in 12 patients who had no
      demonstrable ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction during ventricular pacing. Six
      patients demonstrated 1:1 VA conduction after atropine (group I), while the
      remaining six patients continued to show VA block (group II). During the control
      study there was no significant difference in the sinus cycle length and AH
      interval between the two groups. The percent decrease in sinus cycle length after
      atropine was also similar in groups I and II (i.e., 23 +/- 12 and 26 +/- 6,
      respectively). The effect on antegrade AV nodal conduction (i.e., the percent
      decrease in AH interval), however, was significantly greater in group I (24 +/-
      9) as compared to group II (9 +/- 5) (p less than 0.004). The onset of VA
      conduction appeared to correlate with the improvement of antegrade conduction.
      The ratio of these two effects of atropine (i.e., percent decrease in AH interval
      to percent decrease in sinus cycle length) was higher when VA conduction was
      first demonstrated in group I (2.3 +/- 1.1) than at the maximal effect of
      atropine (1.2 +/- 0.3), reflecting a relatively greater decrease in sinus cycle
      length. Three of six group I patients redeveloped VA block at maximal effect of
      atropine. The results suggest a functional and dynamic nature of the
      unidirectional AV nodal block, possibly caused by vagal influence exaggerating
      the well-known directional asymmetry of AV nodal conduction in man.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036783
TI  - Programmable extrastimulus pacing for long-term management of supraventricular
      and ventricular tachycardias: clinical experience in 16 patients.
AB  - Sixteen patients with recurrent, drug-resistant supraventricular (13 patients) or
      ventricular (3 patients) tachycardia were treated chronically by programmable
      extrastimulus pacing; either a fully automatic device (Telectronics PASAR 4151:
      eight patients with supraventricular tachycardia) or a patient--activated device
      (Medtronic Interactive Tachy System) was used. During a follow-up period of 5 to
      30 months, five of the subjects treated with the fully automatic device showed
      successful results, one had recurrent tachycardia, and two had their units
      explanted for system-related problems. The patients treated with the externally
      activated device were, on the whole, very well controlled. This mode of
      treatment, if applied in well-selected cases, is promising; it seems safe and
      considerably reduces the number of hospital admissions.

PMID- 4036784
TI  - Alterations in the distribution of high-energy phosphates during ischemia in a
      canine model of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation.
AB  - High-energy phosphate metabolites of the canine heart were analyzed before
      coronary artery occlusion and after 15 minutes of ischemia, and the results were
      then correlated with the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation upon reperfusion
      (RVF). Animals which developed VF upon reperfusion after 15 minutes of ischemia
      had lower levels of creatine phosphate and endocardial adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP), and increased accumulation of the catabolites of ATP metabolism, inosine
      and hypoxanthine. Animals which developed RVF also had lower levels of regional
      myocardial blood flow in the center of the ischemic zone during the period of
      coronary occlusion. Occluded bed size was the same in dogs which did and did not
      develop RVF. These data suggest that VF upon reflow is associated with more
      severe ischemia and an increase in high-energy phosphate catabolism during the
      period of ischemia.

PMID- 4036785
TI  - Ventricular function in transposition of the great arteries: evaluation by
      radionuclide angiocardiography.
AB  - Right ventricular ejection fraction and tricuspid regurgitation were estimated by
      radionuclide angiocardiography to quantitate systemic ventricular function in
      "simple" transposition of the great arteries. Mean right ventricular ejection
      fraction was 0.52 +/- 0.07 for 18 pre Mustard operation infants, 0.54 +/- 0.07
      for 23 patients operated upon less than a 1 year before, and 0.57 +/- 0.08 for 14
      patients operated upon more than 3 years earlier. Eight patients were evaluated
      before and following the Mustard operation; ejection fraction rose in three, fell
      in three, and remained constant in two. Mean right ventricular ejection fraction
      was not different between groups nor when compared to our "normal." The left
      ventricle:right ventricle stroke volume ratio of the postoperative patients was
      compatible with tricuspid regurgitation in four patients. This radionuclide study
      suggests that following surgery for transposition of the great arteries: mean
      right ventricular systolic ejection fraction remains at levels consistent with
      values usually found for the "normal" right ventricle; group right ventricular
      function does not deteriorate in the years following surgery; and tricuspid
      regurgitation may be detected in the early postoperative years.

PMID- 4036786
TI  - Absence of myocardial biochemical toxicity with a nonionic contrast agent
      (iopamidol).
AB  - To evaluate the myocardial metabolic effects of a new nonionic contrast agent,
      iopamidol, a randomized, double-blind study was performed comparing iopamidol
      with sodium meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin-76) in 23 patients with ischemic
      heart disease. Coronary sinus and arterial metabolic samples were obtained prior
      to and during the 20-minute period following the contrast left ventriculogram.
      Ten patients received iopamidol and 13 received Renografin-76. The chemical
      lactate extraction in the iopamidol group was 13 +/- 9% prior to left
      ventriculography and 17 +/- 12% following the contrast injection (p less than
      0.005). In the Renografin-76 group, the lactate extraction was 23 +/- 13% and
      decreased significantly to 12 +/- 24% following the ventriculogram (p less than
      0.01). In a subset of these patients (n = 10), [1-(14)C] lactate was infused as a
      tracer to quantitate the amount of lactate released by the myocardium. [1-(14)C]
      lactate analysis demonstrated that the fall in lactate extraction ratio following
      Renografin-76 was due to an increase in myocardial lactate release. In the
      Renografin-76 group there was a 53 +/- 37% increase in lactate release at 10
      minutes after contrast agent injection (p less than 0.005), while in the
      iopamidol patients there was no significant change in lactate release following
      contrast ventriculography. The increase in lactate release in the Renografin-76
      group suggests that myocardial ischemia is induced with this ionic contrast
      agent. In comparison, the nonionic contrast agent is less toxic to the myocardium
      and is not associated with the biochemical changes of cellular ischemia.

PMID- 4036787
TI  - Changes in left ventricular diastolic function after left ventriculography: a
      comparison with iopamidol and urografin.
AB  - Changes in left ventricular (LV) diastolic indices after left ventriculography
      (LVG) with iopamidol or urografin were studied in 42 subjects. Increase in heart
      rate and decrease in LV systolic pressure were more significant with urografin
      than with iopamidol (p less than 0.05 to 0.001). LV end-diastolic pressure was
      elevated more with urografin than with iopamidol (p less than 0.005 to 0.05) 1 to
      3 minutes after LVG. LV peak negative dP/dt decreased significantly with
      urografin immediately (10 to 15 seconds, -511 and 30 seconds, -376 mm Hg/sec; p
      less than 0.0005 to 0.02), but with iopamidol it did not decrease significantly
      after LVG. Time constant, T, was elongated with iopamidol (10 to 15 seconds, +13
      and 30 seconds, +6 msec; p less than 0.0005), but this elongation was
      significantly less than urografin (10 to 15 seconds, +34; 30 seconds, +25; 1
      minute, +15; and 2 minutes, +10 msec; p less than 0.05 to 0.0005). We conclude
      that iopamidol disturbed LV diastolic function to a lesser degree than did
      urografin.

PMID- 4036788
TI  - Effect of acute standing and prolonged upright activity on left ventricular
      hemodynamics, systolic and diastolic intervals, and QT-QS2 relationship.
AB  - It is generally accepted that upright posture decreases preload and afterload,
      which could alter left ventricular (LV) performance. It is not known if changes
      occurring with acute standing persist after prolonged ambulatory activity (amb
      act). In seven normal subjects echocardiographic end-diastolic and end-systolic
      diameters, percent shortening of the internal diameter (% delta D) and end
      systolic wall stress (ES-WS), radionuclide diastolic volume and ejection
      fraction, preejection period over left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET), and
      diastolic time and QT-QS2 were measured supine, within 1 to 2 minutes after
      standing and after prolonged (60 minutes) amb-act. In addition, serial
      measurements were performed in PEP/LVET for 105 minutes at 15-minute intervals.
      With acute standing, end-diastolic diameter, diastolic volume, and ES-WS
      decreased (p less than 0.01); heart rate and PEP/LVET increased (p less than
      0.01); while % delta D and ejection fraction remained unchanged. There was an
      inverse correlation between change in PEP/LVET and diastolic diameter (r = 
      0.59), but no correlation between PEP/LVET and ES-WS. The diastolic time per beat
      and per minute decreased (375 +/- 115 msec from 519 +/- 176 msec [p less than
      0.01] and 31.3 +/- 4.2 sec/min from 33.7 +/- 4.5 sec/min [p less than 0.01]). The
      QT-QS2 increased when compared to supine (-7 +/- 7.6 msec from -22 +/- 7.7 msec
      [p less than 0.005]), but the QT-QS2 relationship remained normal (QT less than
      or equal to QS2). All the dynamic changes that occurred with acute standing
      tended to persist during prolonged amb-act.

PMID- 4036789
TI  - Risk factors and the incidence of hypertension in black physicians: the Meharry
      Cohort Study.
AB  - A prospective longitudinal study of black medical students was conducted to
      determine the predictive value of hypertension precursors. Follow-up
      examinations, averaging 22.5 years later, were performed on 341 subjects (78.8%);
      25 (5.8%) additional subjects were identified as dead out of 433 original
      participants. Results are reported on 313 reexamined men. A remarkable 43.8% of
      the physicians had elevated blood pressure higher than 140/90 mm Hg or gave a
      history of hypertension and treatment. Correlation coefficients, quintile
      distributions, and regressions all confirmed the ability of baseline SBP and DBP
      to predict their respective pressures on follow-up examination. Discriminant
      function tests yielded baseline SBP, DBP, smoking, and parental history of stroke
      or hypertension to be the most significant precursors distinguishing hypertensive
      from normotensive groups, and the model correctly classified 69.7% of the
      subjects. Baseline cholesterol and Quetelet index levels did not reach
      statistical significance. The cold pressor test was not predictive but interim
      weight gain was highly significant. Results are discussed in relation to
      comparable studies on white populations.

PMID- 4036790
TI  - Mode of stimulation versus response: validation of a protocol for induction of
      ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Electrophysiologic studies were prospectively performed in 91 consecutive
      patients referred for evaluation of sustained ventricular tachycardia or sudden
      cardiac death. Fifty-two patients had a history of sustained ventricular
      tachycardia and 39 patients had a history of sudden cardiac death. The identical
      stimulation protocol was used in all patients. The stepwise protocol involved
      atrial pacing, burst ventricular pacing, single, double, and triple extrastimuli
      during ventricular pacing. Stimulation was performed at the right ventricular
      apex at two and five times diastolic threshold. Using this protocol, ventricular
      tachycardia was inducible in 48 (92%) of the 52 patients with a history of
      sustained ventricular tachycardia and in 28 (72%) of 39 patients with a history
      of sudden cardiac death (p less than 0.02). The use of a third extrastimulus
      increased the yield of inducible ventricular tachycardia by 37% in patients with
      a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia and by 25% in patients with a
      history of sudden cardiac death. Stimulation at five times diastolic threshold
      and stimulation from the right ventricular outflow tract added a 15% increment in
      overall yield of inducible ventricular tachycardia in patients with a history of
      sustained ventricular tachycardia, and a 26% increment in yield in patients with
      a history of sudden cardiac death. Forty-four (92%) of the 48 inducible patients
      in the sustained ventricular tachycardia group had inducible monomorphic
      ventricular tachycardia as compared to 19 (68%) of 28 patients in the sudden
      cardiac death group (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036791
TI  - Rapid atrial pacing-induced infra-His conduction block in children.
AB  - High right atrial pacing (abrupt initiation and random coupling to the
      spontaneous rhythm) was performed in 285 pediatric cardiac patients for
      diagnostic purposes. Nine patients (3%) were found to have pacing-induced infra
      His conduction block. In two patients this occurred following a preceding long
      cycle as well as a preceding short-to-long sequence cycle length change. In five
      patients block occurred with an abrupt shortening of the coupling H-H interval
      (in three patients the infra-His block initiated a series of 2:1 infra-His
      block). In two patients with type II second-degree atrioventricular block the
      initiating events were not recorded. In one of them, when the rapid atrial pacing
      was incremented to the same cycle length with infra-His block, the
      atrioventricular response became 1:1 with normal conduction. These findings of
      pacing-induced infra-His conduction block can be explained by the normal response
      of the His-Purkinje system to changes in the preceding cycle lengths, and to the
      abrupt shortening of the coupling interval.

PMID- 4036792
TI  - Forward ejection fraction: a new index of left ventricular function in mitral
      regurgitation.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that a normal LVEF is not a reliable index of LV
      function in MR. We hypothesized that the forward EF, which is the forward stroke
      volume (measured by Fick or thermodilution) divided by end-diastolic volume
      (measured by contrast ventriculography) may be a useful index of LV function,
      since it represents LV emptying into the aorta. This index was examined in 54
      patients with chronic MR who had normal EF (greater than or equal to 50%). There
      were significant correlations between the forward EF and the end-diastolic volume
      index (r = -0.69, p less than 0.001), end-systolic volume index (r = -0.64, p
      less than 0.001), cardiac index (r = 0.43, p less than 0.01), and the ratio of
      systolic pressure-to-end-systolic volume (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001). Patients
      were divided into two groups according to the forward EF: group I (n = 34) had
      forward EF less than or equal to 35%; and group II (n = 20) had forward EF
      greater than 35%. Of the 32 patients who subsequently underwent mitral valve
      replacement, 24 patients were in group I and eight patients were in group II. At
      a mean follow-up of 35 months, four patients died; all of them were in group I.
      Improvement in functional class occurred in 75% of surgical survivors (80% in
      group I and 63% in group II, p = NS). These preliminary data suggest that forward
      EF may be a useful index of LV performance in patients with MR who have normal
      EF.

PMID- 4036793
TI  - Clinically "silent" atrial septal defect: diagnosis by two-dimensional and
      Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 4036794
TI  - Ventricular septal rupture following a clinically unrecognized myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 4036795
TI  - Kawasaki disease complicated by acute myocardial infarction 9 years after onset.

PMID- 4036796
TI  - Angiographic diagnosis of inward flexion of porcine bioprosthetic valve stents.

PMID- 4036797
TI  - Aortic stenosis with linear calcification of ascending aorta.

PMID- 4036798
TI  - Esophageal electrocardiography using a balloon-tip electrode.

PMID- 4036799
TI  - Congenital isolated tricuspid regurgitation in an adult.

PMID- 4036800
TI  - The challenge of the future in pediatric cardiology.

PMID- 4036801
TI  - Cardiac cellular electrophysiologic actions of adenosine and adenosine
      triphosphate.

PMID- 4036802
TI  - Third party prescription programs: cost containment issues and strategies.

PMID- 4036803
TI  - A new way of thinking.

PMID- 4036804
TI  - Marketing your nonprescription drug department.

PMID- 4036805
TI  - Hydrocortisone.

PMID- 4036806
TI  - Job stress in pharmacy practice: implications for managers.

PMID- 4036808
TI  - Capital punishment and the responsible pharmacist.

PMID- 4036807
TI  - Pharmacists as speakers: getting started.

PMID- 4036809
TI  - NHBPEP updates statement on home blood pressure devices.

PMID- 4036810
TI  - Membership in the "new APhA': an investment in the future.

PMID- 4036811
TI  - Managing for change: mastering your environment.

PMID- 4036812
TI  - Inducing you to use generics: what third party programs are offering.

PMID- 4036813
TI  - Enhancing communication with elderly patients.

PMID- 4036814
TI  - Predictions on the future: what's ahead for pharmacy.

PMID- 4036815
TI  - Malignant arrhythmia in relation to serum potassium in acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Several studies of patients with acute myocardial infarction have shown an
      association between hypokalemia, including mild hypokalemia, and increased
      occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia. Hypokalemia in acute myocardial infarction is
      significantly associated with diuretic therapy before or during the infarction.
      In a study of 1,074 patients with acute myocardial infarction, ventricular
      fibrillation occurred in 17.2% of 122 hypokalemic patients and in 7.5% of 952
      normokalemic patients (p less than 0.01). The association of hypokalemia and
      ventricular fibrillation was not specifically related to poor left ventricular
      function. Recent studies indicate that hypokalemia is an independent risk factor
      of ventricular arrhythmia early in acute myocardial infarction, but a definite
      causal role of potassium remains to be shown. The importance of catecholamines
      versus serum potassium levels in occurrence of arrhythmia has not been clarified.

PMID- 4036816
TI  - Differentiation between acute and healed myocardial infarction by signal
      averaging and color encoding two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - To evaluate the ability of a system developed in our laboratory to differentiate
      between acute and healed myocardial infarction (MI), gated 2-dimensional
      echocardiography was performed in 10 patients with recent MI (within 48 hours)
      and 10 patients with healed MI (later than 4 weeks). The 2-dimensional
      echocardiographic images were digitized using a Datacube VG-120 videoframe
      digitizer and each digitized videoframe (320 X 240 matrix) was transmitted using
      a high-speed serial data link to a second computer and stored on floppy disc.
      Five gated video frames of each patient were time-averaged to give a smoothed
      digitized image. This image was displayed on high-resolution color monitor
      connected to a color graphic subsystem. Sixty-four colors indicated pixel
      intensity. The exact pixel value at any given location was determined using a
      high-resolution light pen. Color or pixel values were not significantly different
      between the area of acute MI (pixel intensity 23 +/- 3, mean +/- standard
      deviation) identified by a regional wall motion abnormality, and the adjacent
      normal muscle (23 +/- 4). In each patient with healed MI, an increase in color
      intensity and pixel value (43 +/- 6) was seen in the area of MI (i.e., area of
      regional wall motion abnormality) compared with adjacent normal muscle (23 +/- 2)
      (p less than 0.001). These preliminary data in selected patients indicate that
      this technique enables differentiation between acute and healed MI. It could be
      of value in management of patients with suspected MI.

PMID- 4036817
TI  - Effect of ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction on
      long-term prognosis: importance of the site of infarction.
AB  - Identification of high-risk subgroups of patients after acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) is essential for evaluation of targeted preventive strategies. A
      case-control study was performed in 250 post-AMI patients to examine whether an
      episode of ventricular fibrillation (VF) during the in-hospital period modifies
      the long-term prognosis for patients with either an anterior or an inferior AMI.
      After identification of 70 patients with an anterior AMI and 55 patients with an
      inferior AMI, all complicated by VF and discharged alive, we selected 125
      additional patients who had an AMI not complicated by VF (control subjects). To
      minimize the potential sources of differences in outcome, cases and controls were
      matched for the following variables: sex (all men), age (same +/- 2 years),
      coronary care unit (same), epoch of AMI (same +/- 3 months), and site of AMI
      (same). Left ventricular dysfunction and prior AMI were present in only a few
      patients. Patients receiving either acute or long-term treatment with beta
      adrenergic blocking agents were not included. The average follow up was 59 months
      (range 12 to 120). The cumulative mortality during the first 5 years for the
      patients with inferior AMI without VF (6%, 11%, 13%, 13% and 13%) was modest and
      not significantly different from that of inferior AMI complicated by VF (6%, 11%,
      20%, 20%, and 26%). In contrast, a striking difference appeared when the
      cumulative mortality of patients with anterior AMI without VF (9%, 13%, 17%, 27%,
      and 29%) was compared with that of patients with anterior AMI complicated by VF
      (32%, 40%, 46%, 49% and 54%) (p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4036818
TI  - Coronary artery dilation and hemodynamic responses after isosorbide dinitrate
      therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - The response to sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) was studied in 10 men with
      suspected coronary artery disease undergoing coronary arteriography. A Swan-Ganz
      catheter was placed in the pulmonary artery to record hemodynamic response.
      Diseased coronary segments were identified during routine Judkins selective
      coronary angiograms. Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) (5 or 10 mg) was then
      given with the catheters in place. Multiple sequential single-view coronary
      angiograms and pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic responses were recorded over 30
      minutes after drug administration. At 30 minutes, there was a 53% reduction (p
      less than 0.01) in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and a 15% decrease (p less
      than 0.05) in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, with a net 13% decrease
      (p less than 0.01) in cardiac output and 20% decrease (p less than 0.01) in mean
      arterial pressure. Quantitative arteriography demonstrated substantial dilation
      of luminal cross-sectional area in both normal and diseased coronary arterial
      segments. Normal epicardial segments were grouped according to luminal area (1 to
      4, 4 to 8 and more than 8 mm2) and demonstrated maximal area dilation at 10
      minutes of 55% (p less than 0.01), 29% (p less than 0.01) and 16% (p less than
      0.05), respectively. Diseased epicardial segments (stenosis 50% or greater)
      dilated 51% (p less than 0.01) at 10 minutes. Calculated stenosis resistance
      decreased 40% (p less than 0.01). Diseased segments in small and middle-sized
      arteries (1 to 8 mm2) are 4 times more reactive than those in larger arteries
      (more than 8 mm2), with peak dilation of 77 vs 21% (p less than 0.01) at 30
      minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036819
TI  - Frequency of intracoronary filling defects by angiography in angina pectoris at
      rest.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that pain at rest in patients with unstable angina
      pectoris is often caused by transient reduction in regional myocardial perfusion.
      Coronary spasm has been implicated as a mechanism of this phenomenon. Recent
      reports have documented the occurrence of intracoronary thrombus in patients with
      unstable angina. Previous surveys have estimated a 6 to 12% frequency of
      intracoronary thrombus in this syndrome, but have not examined whether this
      incidence is related to how recent the angina at rest was. Angiograms of 119
      patients with unstable angina who had rest pain within 14 days of angiography and
      35 patients with stable angina were surveyed. Patients with unstable angina were
      subgrouped according to how recent angina at rest was at the time of angiography.
      Group I consisted of 44 patients in whom rest pain occurred within 24 hours
      before angiography. The 75 patients in group II had angina at rest between 1 and
      14 days before angiography. Patients in group II had stable angina. The
      angiographic criterion for intracoronary thrombus was an intraluminal filling
      defect, surrounded by contrast medium on 3 sides, located just distal to or
      within a coronary stenosis, as assessed by each of 2 independent observers
      blinded to the nature of the anginal syndrome and its temporal proximity.
      Intracoronary thrombi were found in 44 of 119 patients with unstable angina (37%)
      and 0 of 35 patients with stable angina (p less than 0.00002). Intracoronary
      thrombi were found in 23 of 44 patients (52%) in group I and 21 of 75 (28%) in
      group II (p less than 0.008).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036820
TI  - Functional significance of transient collaterals during coronary artery spasm.
AB  - Coronary collateral vessels appear transiently during vasospasm. To examine the
      functional role of such collaterals in acute myocardial ischemia, regional
      coronary flow was determined in patients who showed isolated total spasm in the
      proximal left anterior descending coronary artery associated with (n = 7, group
      I) and without (n = 9, group II) collaterals, which were donated by the
      nonspastic right coronary artery during ergonovine provocative test. Aortic
      pressure and heart rate were not significantly different in the 2 groups before
      and during spasm. During vasospasm, the levels of pulmonary artery end-diastolic
      pressure were significantly higher in group II (19 +/- 2 mm Hg, mean +/- standard
      error) than in group I (15 +/- 1 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). Under these
      conditions, great cardiac vein flow (GCVF) measured by thermodilution was
      markedly reduced in group II (from 60 +/- 4 ml/min to 37 +/- 4 ml/min, p less
      than 0.01), whereas GCVF was slightly reduced in group I (from 56 +/- 4 ml/min to
      51 +/- 4 ml/min), indicating that residual GCVF was greater in patients with than
      in those without collaterals (p less than 0.05). The calculated coronary
      collateral resistance index during vasospasm was significantly lower in group I
      (2.06 +/- 0.18 mm Hg min/ml) than in group II (2.91 +/- 0.30 mm Hg min/ml, p less
      than 0.05). Total left anterior descending coronary artery spasm with collaterals
      was less frequently associated with ST elevation in the precordial
      electrocardiogram recorded during spasm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036821
TI  - Systemic, left ventricular and coronary hemodynamic effects of intravenous
      diltiazem in coronary artery disease.
AB  - Systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of intravenous diltiazem, administered
      as a bolus of 250 micrograms/kg followed by an infusion of 1.4 micrograms/kg/min,
      were examined in 14 patients with effort angina. There was no change in heart
      rate despite significant decreases in systolic, diastolic and mean systemic
      pressures (13%, 10% and 11%, respectively, all p less than 0.01). The blood
      pressure decrease was closely correlated with the initial blood pressure (r =
      0.81, p less than 0.05). Neither left ventricular end-diastolic pressure nor peak
      dP/dt changed significantly, but peripheral vascular resistance decreased 16% (p
      less than 0.001) and stroke volume index increased 10% (p less than 0.05). The
      pressure-rate product decreased 15% (p less than 0.005), but coronary blood flow
      was maintained as coronary resistance decreased 14% (p less than 0.025).
      Diltiazem increased regional coronary flow in some patients. Thus, intravenous
      diltiazem dilates coronary and systemic resistance vessels, without an increase
      in heart rate, favorably altering indexes of myocardial oxygen supply and demand.

PMID- 4036822
TI  - Correlation of the exercise ST/HR slope with anatomic and radionuclide
      cineangiographic findings in stable angina pectoris.
AB  - A rate-related change in ST-segment depression with exercise (ST/HR slope) of 6.0
      microV/beat/min or more has been proposed as an accurate predictor of 3-vessel
      coronary artery disease (CAD). To further assess the accuracy and functional
      correlates of this method, exercise electrocardiograms were compared with
      radionuclide rest and exercise left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and
      angiography in 35 patients with stable angina. The ST/HR slope was significantly
      increased in patients with 3-vessel CAD. An ST/HR slope of 6.0 or more identified
      3-vessel CAD with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 88%. The predictive
      value for 3-vessel CAD was 73% owing to the presence of 3 false-positive slopes.
      The patients from whom these slopes were derived had functionally severe 2-vessel
      CAD, with an average decrease in exercise LVEF of 13%. Two of these 3 had
      additional left main CAD and the third has unsuspected additional aortic
      regurgitation. For the entire group, the exercise ST/HR slope was linearly
      related to the exercise change in LVEF (r = -0.55, p less than 0.001). Mean
      exercise change in LVEF for stable angina patients with ST/HR slopes of 4.5 or
      more was significantly different from that for patients with lower ST/HR slopes (
      12 +/- 1% vs + 2 +/- 2%, p less than 0.0001). Thus, the ST/HR slope is both
      sensitive and specific for the identification of 3-vessel CAD, and high ST/HR
      slopes in patients with less extensive anatomic disease may predict functionally
      severe ischemia.

PMID- 4036823
TI  - Left ventricular thrombi diagnosed by echocardiography in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction treated with intracoronary streptokinase followed by
      intravenous heparin.
AB  - Thirty patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with intracoronary
      streptokinase (7 X 10(5) +/- 3 X 10(5) IU) followed by 10 days of intravenous
      heparin (800 to 1,500 IU/hour) therapy were prospectively studied by serial 2
      dimensional echocardiography for left ventricular (LV) thrombus. Within the first
      24 hours, evidence of a thrombolytic state appeared as indicated by fibrin and
      fibrinogen degradation products (123 +/- 45 mg/dl at 24 hours). Throughout the
      course of this study partial thromboplastin times were maintained within
      therapeutic range (40 to 100 seconds). Apical LV thrombus developed in 8 of 30
      patients (27%). Apical thrombus developed within 24 hours in 3 patients with
      anterior AMI and persisted through day 10. By day 10, apical thrombus developed
      in 3 additional patients with anterior AMI and 2 patients with inferior AMI. In
      these patients, anterior AMI and apical dysfunction were significant (p less than
      0.01 for both) determinants of LV thrombus formation. Hence, the incidence of LV
      thrombus in patients treated with streptokinase/heparin is similar to that
      reported earlier in comparable patients not receiving thrombolytic therapy.

PMID- 4036824
TI  - Relation of effectiveness of intracoronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial
      infarction to systemic thrombolytic state.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients received intracoronary thrombolytic therapy for acute
      myocardial infarction 3.5 +/- 1.4 hours (mean +/- standard deviation) after the
      onset of pain. Ten patients received urokinase (UK) and 19 patients received
      streptokinase (SK). Laboratory variables of the coagulation system were measured
      before and immediately after therapy. When comparing patients in whom coronary
      artery recanalization occurred vs those in whom the artery remained occluded,
      those in whom recanalization was achieved had greater alterations in fibrinogen,
      prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrin/fibrinogen
      degradation products and plasminogen by thrombolytic therapy than did those in
      whom recanalization was not achieved (p less than 0.05 for all variables).
      Euglobulin lysis time showed a similar but nonsignificant trend (p = 0.114).
      Patients who received SK showed markedly greater alterations in coagulation
      parameters than did patients treated with UK (p less than 0.05 for 5 of 6
      variables measured) and had a much higher incidence of successful thrombolysis
      (74% for SK, 20% for UK). These data indicate that the development of a systemic
      fibrinolytic state contributes to success when using intracoronary thrombolytic
      agents in acute myocardial infarction. Rather than being considered an adverse
      effect of therapy, a systemic lytic state may serve as a reasonable clinical goal
      in attempting to produce thrombolysis.

PMID- 4036825
TI  - Continuous determination of regional myocardial blood flow with intracoronary
      krypton-81m in coronary artery disease.
AB  - Pacing-induced changes in regional coronary flow were studied continuously with
      krypton-81m by intracoronary infusion in 25 patients: 21 with 50% or greater
      diameter narrowing of 1 or more left coronary arteries (group I) and 4 with less
      than 50% diameter reduction of a left coronary artery (group II). No changes
      occurred in group II. In group I, krypton-81m perfusion decreased progressively
      in all areas with more than 70% diameter narrowing, with a simultaneous increase
      in normal regions. At the end of pacing during angina, krypton-81m perfusion was
      reduced to 81 +/- 4% of control in areas with 71 to 90% diameter reduction (n =
      8) and to 69 +/- 6% in areas with more than 90% diameter narrowing (n = 15). In
      contrast, in regions with 50 to 70% diameter reduction changes were variable
      (decrease in 4 regions, increase in 2 and an unchanged distribution in 1 region).
      Krypton-81m perfusion decreased early, before general signs of ischemia in areas
      with more than 90% diameter reduction, whereas this decrease occurred later in
      regions with 71 to 90% diameter narrowing, concurrently with ST-segment changes
      but before anginal pain. Although all signs of ischemia had disappeared between 2
      and 5 minutes after pacing, changes in krypton-81m distribution persisted in most
      areas for 5 to 15 minutes after pacing. It is concluded that the functional
      significance of coronary arterial narrowing can be assessed with a continuous
      intracoronary infusion of krypton-81m. Changes in regional distribution persisted
      after cessation of pacing-induced ischemia, indicating an ongoing decrease in
      regional myocardial blood flow.

PMID- 4036826
TI  - Dipyridamole-echocardiography test in effort angina pectoris.
AB  - This study assesses the clinical feasibility and usefulness of dipyridamole
      infusion for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) by using 2
      dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) and 12-lead electrocardiographic
      monitoring. Dipyridamole infusion (0.14 mg/kg/min for 4 minutes) was performed in
      66 consecutive patients with effort chest pain and in 9 control subjects. Among
      the 28 patients with positive dipyridamole-echocardiography test responses, 18
      had diagnostic electrocardiographic changes (ST-segment depression on
      anterolateral leads), but these changes were unrelated to the site of asynergy.
      The dipyridamole-echocardiography test had an overall sensitivity of 56% and
      specificity of 100% for the presence of CAD. Exercise stress testing (EST) had an
      overall sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 80%. Thus, the dipyridamole
      echocardiography test, which is feasible in essentially all patients with good
      basal echocardiograms, has a lower overall sensitivity in detecting CAD than EST
      but a higher specificity, detects the site of apparent ischemia as identified by
      regional asynergy more precisely than EST, and can unmask
      electrocardiographically silent effort ischemia.

PMID- 4036827
TI  - Coronary sinus occlusion pressure and its relation to intracardiac pressure.
AB  - The hemodynamic components of coronary sinus (CS) occlusion pressure in humans
      have not been well described. If no other outflow for venous blood were present,
      then after acute occlusion of the coronary sinus the pressure would increase and
      equal aortic pressure. However, if thebesian vein drainage between the left
      ventricle and the coronary veins has an important role in humans, then CS
      occlusion pressure might reflect left ventricular (LV) pressure through
      transmitted LV pressure or intramyocardial pressure. To study this relation, 27
      patients who underwent routine diagnostic cardiac catheterization were evaluated.
      Occlusion was accomplished by sudden inflation of a No. 7Fr balloon-tipped
      catheter placed into the CS. LV end-diastolic pressure and end-diastolic CS
      occlusion pressure were simultaneously recorded at rest. LV end-diastolic
      pressure (16.7 +/- 5.6 mm Hg) was not significantly different from end-diastolic
      CS occlusion pressure (15.9 +/- 5.4 mm Hg). LV end-diastolic and end-diastolic CS
      occlusion pressures were positively correlated (p less than 0.001) over the
      entire range of pressures (9 to 27 mm Hg). In contrast, systolic CS occlusion
      pressure was significantly lower than LV systolic pressure and unrelated to right
      sided heart pressures. It is concluded that in humans, end-diastolic CS occlusion
      pressure closely parallels LV end-diastolic pressure, and measurement of CS
      occlusion pressure to assess LV end-diastolic pressure may have clinical use.
      These findings also suggest the existence of hemodynamically important thebesian
      vessel connections that may have implications for retroperfusion or pressure
      controlled intermittent CS occlusion in humans.

PMID- 4036828
TI  - Effects of repeated brief coronary occlusion on regional left ventricular
      function and dimension in dogs.
AB  - The cumulative effects of repeated, brief episodes of regional ischemia on
      myocardial function and dimension were examined in 14 open-chest dogs. The left
      anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 5 minutes, followed by 10
      minutes of reflow, repeated 16 times, and then 1 hour recovery. Systolic function
      decreased progressively in segments made repetitively ischemic and remained
      depressed even after 1 hour of recovery. Average systolic shortening decreased
      20% from baseline after recovery from the first occlusion, 82% after the 8th, 91%
      after the 16th, and 104% after the 1 hour recovery (p less than 0.015, analysis
      of variance). End-diastolic segment length progressively increased in regions
      made repetitively ischemic, lengthening 4% after the first occlusion, 10% after
      the third occlusion, 19% after the sixteenth occlusion, and 16% after 1 hour of
      recovery (p less than 0.02). Nonischemic end-diastolic segment length also showed
      a smaller but parallel increase, while non-ischemic systolic function showed
      compensatory improvement. After the dogs were killed, myocardial staining with
      triphenyl tetrazolium chloride revealed no necrosis. Electron microscopy,
      performed in 5 dogs, showed scattered mitochondrial swelling in both postischemic
      and nonischemic regions, but no evidence of irreversible injury. The ratio of
      myocardial blood flow in the region made repetitively ischemic to nonischemic
      flow, as measured with microspheres, was 1.00 +/- 0.02 before the occlusions and
      0.90 +/- 0.03 just before death (difference not significant). Thus, in the dog
      progressively abnormal regional systolic function and regional and global
      diastolic dilatation can be produced by repetitive, brief, coronary occlusions,
      which are not associated with histochemical or ultrastructural evidence of
      myocardial necrosis.

PMID- 4036829
TI  - Cardiac imaging with ultrasound: rightside up or upside down?

PMID- 4036830
TI  - Variant angina and spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

PMID- 4036831
TI  - Complete pulmonic valve opening during atrial contraction after right ventricular
      infarction.

PMID- 4036832
TI  - Simplified Doppler estimation of mitral valve area.

PMID- 4036833
TI  - Regurgitation of normal Bjork-Shiley prosthetic valves in the aortic valve
      position.

PMID- 4036834
TI  - Infusion of blood from pericardial sac into femoral vein: a technique for
      survival until operative closure of a cardiac perforation during balloon
      septostomy.

PMID- 4036835
TI  - Balloon occlusion angiography in infancy: methods, uses and limitations.

PMID- 4036836
TI  - Circulatory shock due to ascites and responsive to paracentesis.

PMID- 4036837
TI  - Influence of the two-stage anatomic correction of simple transposition of the
      great arteries on left ventricular function.
AB  - To evaluate the influence of the 2-stage anatomic correction of simple
      transposition of the great arteries on left ventricular (LV) function, pressure
      and angiocardiographic volume data were analyzed during resting conditions
      shortly before banding of the pulmonary trunk (n = 12) and before (n = 17) and
      after anatomic correction (n = 11), and compared with data from controls (n =
      12). Age at banding and anatomic correction was between 1 and 44 months (mean 16
      +/- 10) and between 13 and 47 months (mean 24 +/- 10), respectively. The interval
      between anatomic correction and the investigation ranged from 10 to 29 months
      (mean 20 +/- 7). After banding, LV ejection fraction decreased (p less than 0.01)
      and LV peak systolic pressure (p less than 0.01) as well as LV end-diastolic
      pressure (p less than 0.05) increased. After anatomic correction, these variables
      and LV end-systolic wall stress were not significantly different from control
      values. The LV end-systolic wall stress-ejection fraction relation in 7 of 11
      patients after anatomic correction was within control range. The highest values
      were found in the youngest patients at banding and at anatomic correction. In
      contrast to measures of global myocardial function, such as LV ejection fraction
      and LV end-diastolic pressure data, the LV end-systolic stress-ejection fraction
      relation suggest that LV function may not be normal in some patients 20 months
      after anatomic correction. Young age at operation, however, appears to be
      advantageous in preserving LV function. Hemodynamic alterations after banding
      probably reflect LV adaptation to systemic pressures in a hypoxemic circulation.

PMID- 4036839
TI  - Anticoagulation therapy in children with mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves.
AB  - From 1980 through 1984, 28 children younger than 19 years (mean 7.9) underwent
      cardiac valve replacement with 30 mechanical prostheses. Patients were followed
      for a total of 471 months (mean 15.7) and received either warfarin (mean 0.16
      mg/kg/day) or acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole (mean 6.1 and 1.9 mg/kg/day,
      respectively) as thromboembolism prophylaxis. The frequency and incidence of
      thromboembolism and hemorrhage were compared. Warfarin-treated patients were at
      increased risk of hemorrhage (5 of 20 [25%], or 22 per 100 patient-years, vs 0 of
      10 [0%], or 0 per 100 patient-years, p less than 0.05). Three of the 5
      hemorrhagic episodes were mild, and in no case was hemorrhage life-threatening.
      Patients who did not receive warfarin had a greater risk of thromboembolism (2 of
      10 [20%], or 12 per 100 patient-years, vs 0 of 20 [0%], or 0 per 100 patient
      years, p less than 0.05). Both episodes of thromboembolism were life-threatening
      and necessitated emergency valve replacement. Although warfarin is associated
      with greater risk of hemorrhage than is acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole,
      warfarin is better than antiplatelet drugs in thromboembolism prophylaxis and is
      indicated for anticoagulation therapy in children with mechanical cardiac
      prostheses.

PMID- 4036838
TI  - Echocardiographic ventricular shape analysis in congenital heart disease with
      right ventricular volume or pressure overload.
AB  - In this 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiographic study, a computerized Fourier
      analysis technique refined from one that allows quantification of changes in
      septal shapes in normal fetuses, newborns and infants allowed analysis of left
      ventricular (LV) shapes in 14 patients with right ventricular (RV) volume
      overload (atrial septal defects), 5 with volume and pressure overload (total
      anomalous pulmonary venous connection), and 10 with pressure overload (complete
      transposition of the great arteries [TGA] with intact ventricular septum).
      Diastolic shape factors in the 3 groups were significantly different from those
      of normal subjects (p less than 0.01). Highest diastolic values were found in
      patients with TGA (mean 4.59 +/- 1.28). Systolic shape factors were similar in
      patients with atrial septal defect and normal subjects. Significant differences
      existed between normal subjects and patients with total anomalous pulmonary
      venous connection, with the greatest differences in systolic shape factor being
      5.61 for TGA vs 1.87 (p less than 0.005) for normal subjects. Shape factor
      correlated well with hemodynamic data for RV/LV systolic pressure ratios (r =
      0.93, p less than 0.001) for normalized interventricular pressure differences (r
      = -0.95, p less than 0.001). The lower the normalized systolic pressure
      difference or the higher the RV/LV ratio, the more the septum encroached into the
      LV cavity. Significant but weaker correlations were noted for values during
      diastole. Quantitative application of Fourier shape factor analysis to LV shapes
      allows numerical expression of visually interpreted distortions over a wide range
      of geometric alterations.

PMID- 4036840
TI  - Extravascular lung water in children immediately after operative closure of
      either isolated atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect.
AB  - Extravascular lung water (EVLW) was measured in 16 patients with congenital heart
      disease by the cold green dye, double indicator dilution technique. Five patients
      with optimally corrected tetralogy of Fallot served as controls, and EVLW in this
      group was 4.7 +/- 0.5 ml/kg (111 +/- 13 ml/m2) (mean +/- standard deviation). In
      5 asymptomatic patients with atrial septal defect (ASD), normal pulmonary artery
      (PA) pressure and increased pulmonary blood flow, EVLW was 5.7 +/- 2.8 ml/kg (132
      +/- 63 ml/m2), which was not significantly different from the value of control
      patients. However, in 6 patients with ventricular septal defect, PA hypertension,
      normal left atrial pressure and an equivalent left-to-right shunt to ASD
      patients, EVLW was 15.9 +/- 3.8 ml/kg (270 +/- 60 ml/m2). This was significantly
      different from values in both control and ASD patients (p less than 0.01). It is
      concluded that in the face of normal pulmonary vascular resistance, PA pressure
      is transmitted to the microvasculature, causing hydrostatic pulmonary edema.
      Other factors that may be implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema, such
      as increased pulmonary blood flow and relative lymphatic insufficiency in
      infants, cannot be excluded.

PMID- 4036841
TI  - Assessment of right ventricular outflow tract in children by two-dimensional
      echocardiography using a new subcostal view. Angiocardiographic and morphologic
      correlative study.
AB  - Evaluation of the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract in congenital heart
      disease is extremely important for surgical management. Therefore, the value of 2
      dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) to assess the RV outflow tract was
      studied using a new approach: the subcostal elongated right oblique view. Twenty
      normal children and 49 children with congenital heart disease, aged 1 day to 11
      years, were studied. Significant pulmonary infundibular obstruction was present
      in 22 patients with conotruncal malformations. To obtain the subcostal elongated
      right oblique view from the short-axis view at the aortic valve level, the
      transducer was slightly rotated clockwise with an anterior angulation of about 30
      degrees so that the ascending aorta was seen in its long axis, providing an image
      similar to that obtained by a right ventriculogram in the elongated right
      anterior oblique view. The deviation of infundibular septum was appreciated by
      measurement of the angle alpha, defined by the long axis of the infundibular
      septum and the plane of aortic cusps. This view could be obtained in 64 patients
      (92%). In correlation with angiographic or anatomic data, the subcostal elongated
      right oblique view permitted recognition of several types of RV outflow tract:
      type I--normally formed RV outflow tract; type II--disorganized RV outflow tract
      with obstruction (alpha less than 90 degrees); type III and IV--disorganized RV
      outflow tract with obstruction (alpha greater than 90 degrees). This view could
      visualize the crista supraventricularis in type I, but also the anatomic
      components of RV outflow tract that may contribute to obstruction in the other
      types: infundibular septum, septoparietal trabeculations and trabecula
      septomarginalis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036842
TI  - Echocardiographic assessment by computer-assisted analysis of diastolic left
      ventricular function and hypertrophy in borderline or mild systemic hypertension.
AB  - Systemic hypertension is a common cause of congestive heart failure. However,
      left ventricular (LV) systolic function remains normal for many years in patients
      with mild or moderate hypertension. In this study, high-quality M-mode
      echocardiograms were recorded in 7 patients with borderline hypertension, 14
      patients with mild hypertension and 15 normal persons. Measures of systolic and
      diastolic LV function and the degree of LV hypertrophy were studied with the
      assistance of a tablet digitizer and dedicated microcomputer. Average blood
      pressure was 125 +/- 10/77 +/- 7 mm Hg in normal subjects, 146 +/- 18/92 +/- 2 mm
      Hg in patients with borderline hypertension and 150 +/- 11/102 +/- 4 in patients
      with mild hypertension. Indexes of systolic LV function were similar in all 3
      groups. The peak rate of early relaxation of the LV posterior wall was
      significantly decreased in the group of patients with mild hypertension (4.7 vs
      6.6 sec-1, p less than 0.01). The mitral valve closure rate was 150 +/- 32 mm/s
      in normal subjects, 119 +/- 35 mm/s in patients with borderline hypertension and
      106 +/- 26 mm/s (p less than 0.001) in patients with mild hypertension. Mild LV
      hypertrophy was present in 6 of 7 patients with borderline and 13 of 14 patients
      with mild hypertension. The degree of hypertrophy and the level of blood pressure
      correlated poorly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036843
TI  - Spectrum of acute hemodynamic effects of nifedipine in severe congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - The acute hemodynamic effects of 20 to 50 mg of orally administered nifedipine
      were evaluated in 31 patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure (CHF)
      and the results were analyzed according to the response of the cardiac index
      (CI). Although the group mean value of CI increased significantly after
      nifedipine treatment (from 2.1 +/- 0.5 to 2.4 +/- 0.8 liters/min/m2, p less than
      0.001), the individual response was variable. Twenty of the patients had 15% or
      greater increase in CI (group A) and 11 patients had less than a 15% increase or
      a decrease in CI (group B). Marked differences were also noted in the effects of
      nifedipine on other hemodynamic variables. Stroke volume increased 29 +/- 14% in
      group A and decreased 11 +/- 18% in group B (p less than 0.001). Systemic
      vascular resistance decreased 34 +/- 11% in group A (p less than 0.001) and
      increased slightly, 2 +/- 28%, in group B. Left ventricular (LV) stroke work
      index increased 11 +/- 19% in group A (p less than 0.001) and decreased markedly
      in Group B (21 +/- 20%). Six group B patients had a substantial worsening (20% or
      more) of one or more hemodynamic measurements, including CI, stroke volume index,
      LV stroke work index and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure. A comparison of
      control hemodynamic values at rest, LV ejection fraction, associated coronary
      artery disease, nifedipine dose, and concomitant diuretic therapy revealed no
      significant differences between the 2 groups. This study confirms, in a large
      group of patients with severe CHF, the variable hemodynamic effects of nifedipine
      therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4036844
TI  - Mood and appetite during minimal-carbohydrate and carbohydrate-supplemented
      hypocaloric diets.
AB  - After a baseline period of free-feeding, 20 obese outpatients alternated between
      four 2-wk periods of minimal-carbohydrate diet (800 kcal; 58% protein and 42% fat
      by weight) and of a carbohydrate-supplemented diet (1,000 kcal; 42% protein, 30%
      fat, and 28% carbohydrate). In a comparison of psychological adjustment during
      the baseline and low-calorie diets, the initial 2 wk of dieting was associated
      with a decrease in appetite and elevation of psychological well-being, regardless
      of the composition of the diet. Thereafter, appetite and mood approached basal
      levels. Further changes in these psychological reactions to dieting did not vary
      with the type of diet. There was no support for the idea that a minimal
      carbohydrate, protein-supplemented fast decreases appetite and elevates mood more
      in comparison with a similar diet containing enough carbohydrate to minimize
      ketosis.

PMID- 4036845
TI  - The measurement of sodium and potassium intake.
AB  - Single- vs multiple-day food records were compared for estimates of intake for
      sodium, potassium, and calories; and the correspondence was assessed between
      sodium and potassium intake and 24-h urinary excretion. Fifty-five middle-aged
      adults, participating in a prerandomization assessment for a
      nutritional/behavioral intervention program on blood pressure completed a six-day
      food record and a 24-h urine collection. The group average for sodium, potassium,
      and calories obtained from one-day food records proved to be as good an estimate
      of the six-day average as did values from multiple day records. Similarly the one
      day food record proved a good estimate of the mean 24-h urinary values for sodium
      and potassium. If properly collected and analyzed, a one-day food record is a
      good estimate of a population's intake of sodium and potassium while multiple
      days of recording are necessary to characterize individual intake.

PMID- 4036847
TI  - Effect of dietary cholesterol on biliary lipids in patients with gallstones and
      normal subjects.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary cholesterol on
      biliary lipids in subjects with and without gallstones. Twelve patients with
      asymptomatic gallstones (six men, six women) were assigned diets containing 500,
      750, and 1000 mg cholesterol daily for 3-wk periods in random sequence. Seven
      healthy women similarly were assigned diets containing 500 and 1000 mg
      cholesterol daily. With increasing dietary cholesterol in patients with
      gallstones, biliary saturation indices and molar percents of cholesterol and
      phospholipids increased significantly while molar percent of biliary bile acids
      decreased significantly. With increasing dietary cholesterol in healthy women,
      the biliary saturation index and molar percent of cholesterol increased
      significantly; the mean saturation index exceeded unity on the diet containing
      1000 mg cholesterol daily. In conclusion, augmented dietary cholesterol for brief
      periods increased biliary cholesterol saturation in subjects with and without
      gallstones.

PMID- 4036846
TI  - Effect of dietary cholesterol and degree of fat unsaturation on plasma lipid
      levels, lipoprotein composition, and fecal steroid excretion in normal young
      adult men.
AB  - Effect of four test diets differing in the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated
      fats (P/S, 1.8 vs 0.28) and two cholesterol levels (1,000 vs 300 mg/day) for each
      level of the P/S ratio was determined on plasma lipid levels, lipoprotein
      compositions and concentrations, and fecal steroid excretion in a controlled diet
      study with 11 normal young men using a crossover design. Plasma cholesterol
      levels were significantly decreased by the diets high in P/S ratio regardless of
      the dietary cholesterol levels (14% decrease by high cholesterol and 20% in low
      cholesterol) while the diets low in P/S ratio increased cholesterol by an average
      of 24 and 22% in presence of high and low cholesterol, respectively. Lipids and
      apoproteins of lower-density lipoproteins were changed in accordance with those
      of plasma cholesterol but changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) appear to
      depend on both cholesterol content and P/S ratio. Dietary cholesterol level
      profoundly influenced the excretion of neutral sterols and diets high in P/S
      ratio significantly (p less than 0.05) increased fecal bile acid extraction. The
      present study demonstrated that dietary polyunsaturated fats, when a moderate
      amount was consumed, were effective and beneficial hypocholesterolemic nutrients
      without reducing HDL-cholesterol.

PMID- 4036848
TI  - Bioavailability of selenium to residents in a low-selenium area of China.
AB  - For 8 wk 5 groups of 10 men each were given 0.5 g/day DL-methionine, 150
      micrograms Se/day as sodium selenite with or without methionine or 150 micrograms
      Se/day as selenomethionine with or without methionine. Twenty subjects received
      placebo as controls. Initially plasma Se rose more rapidly than RBC Se. Increases
      in Se levels were significantly greater with selenomethionine than with the
      selenite supplement. In the placebo and methionine supplemented groups neither
      plasma nor RBC Se varied significantly over the course of the study.
      Supplementation with selenium resulted in marked increases in plasma and RBC GSH
      Px within 2 and 4 wk, respectively. Plasma and RBC GSH-Px activity did not differ
      significantly between Se-supplemented groups. These studies suggest that
      selenomethionine-Se was more effective in raising plasma and RBC Se than was
      selenite-Se. Methionine supplements may increase the bioavailability of selenium
      in severely deficient subjects.

PMID- 4036850
TI  - Incidence and duration of breast-feeding in a health maintenance organization
      population.
AB  - A breast-feeding incidence and duration study in a heterogeneous population
      confirmed the increased incidence of breast-feeding reported among American
      women. Of 632 women delivering between May and August of 1980, 66% chose to
      breast-feed, a decision determined to be significantly related to race, age,
      marital status, and parity. Cesarean deliveries discouraged breast-feeding,
      whereas nursing immediately after delivery and keeping the infant in the room
      during the hospital stay encouraged breast-feeding. Of 417 women who were breast
      feeding, 58% had stopped by four months postpartum, a decision found to be
      related significantly to race, age, and receiving formula in the hospital.
      Formula supplementation in the hospital was associated with a shorter breast
      feeding period. The most rapid decline in breast-feeding occurred in the first
      two weeks postpartum. Because this is the period in which women are most likely
      to discontinue breast-feeding, it could be a productive target period for support
      and assistance by health professionals.

PMID- 4036849
TI  - A prospective trial of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on metacarpal bone
      loss in elderly women.
AB  - The effect on cortical bone loss of treating elderly women with 15,000 IU vitamin
      D2 weekly was evaluated by sequential radiographic morphometry of the
      metacarpals. One hundred nine randomly selected women aged 65-74 yr were studied
      for 2 yr. The women were randomly allocated to control or treated groups taking
      placebo or vitamin D2 capsules. Hand radiographs and blood samples were obtained
      at the beginning and end of the trial. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by
      radio-competitive protein binding assay. Comparing the treated and control
      groups, vitamin D treatment significantly raised the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D
      levels (p less than 0.001) and reduced the rate of cortical bone loss (p less
      than 0.01). The placebo had no measurable effect on the plasma levels.

PMID- 4036851
TI  - Nutritional status of children in the health district of Cusco, Peru.
AB  - This study was conducted to obtain an accurate assessment of the nutritional
      status of the children in the Cusco, Peru Health District. It is a sample survey
      of anthropometric measures for 3,383 children under the age of 10 yr. The results
      showed a significant decline in nutritional status with age (96.88% normal range
      at ages 1-3 mo to only 37.43% normal at ages 12-24 mo) followed by a gradual
      improvement in the children above 2 yr (approximately 50% normal). The deficits
      at the older ages were principally due to low weights-for-age. Nutritional status
      was also dependent on sex, village altitude, remoteness, and population size (p
      less than 0.005). Of these, only sex interacted with age. The girls did
      significantly better at some ages and the boys better, but not significantly so,
      at other ages.

PMID- 4036852
TI  - Validity and reproducibility of a dietary history method estimating the usual
      food intake during one month.
AB  - The validity and reproducibility of a dietary history method with a time of
      reference of one month was assessed with 44 young adults (aged 19-32 yr). The
      concurrent validity of the method was assessed by means of the 24-h urine
      nitrogen excretion. The mean difference between N-intake and N-excretion (24-h
      urine N-excretion plus 2 g for extra renal nitrogen losses) was 0.0 g with 95%
      confidence limits of +/- 1.1 g. These limits for the mean difference between
      excretion and intake indicate a valid assessment of the protein intake of this
      group. The reproducibility was evaluated in the same group through a test-retest
      design. The intraclass correlation coefficients were high over a weighted average
      of weekdays and for an average workday with regard to the intakes of energy and
      selected nutrients. For the Saturday and Sunday intakes, the intraclass
      correlation coefficients were lower for the energy intakes and most of the
      nutrients (except alcohol), indicating a poorer reproducibility for weekend
      assessments.

PMID- 4036853
TI  - Why do polyunsaturated fatty acids lower serum cholesterol?
AB  - Replacement of saturated by polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet may lower
      serum very low-density and low-density lipoprotein concentrations because the
      liver preferentially converts polyunsaturated fatty acids into ketone bodies
      instead of into very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides. Thus unlike saturated
      fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids are transported to the tissues for
      oxidation without leaving a trail of lipoprotein remnants in the form of low
      density lipoproteins.

PMID- 4036854
TI  - RDA for vitamin E.

PMID- 4036855
TI  - Calcium intake and bone.

PMID- 4036856
TI  - Intramuscular myxoma--a clinicopathological study of twenty-three cases.
AB  - Twenty-three cases of intramuscular myxoma were analyzed clinically and
      histologically. The mean age of the patients was 54 years, and two-thirds were
      women. Clinical follow-up of 2 to 17 years' duration revealed no recurrences or
      metastases. Intramuscular myxoma thus appears to be a completely benign tumor.
      One patient simultaneously had a myxoma in the muscle of the thigh and a lesion
      of fibrous dysplasia in the femur. In addition, 14 of 16 patients studied with x
      ray had a significantly higher incidence of minor abnormalities in bones as
      compared with the normal population. The myxomas were characterized
      histologically by sparse cellularity, abundant intercellular material digestible
      with hyaluronidase, and lack of mitotic figures. At the ultrastructural level,
      the tumor cells showed characteristics of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts.
      Immunohistochemical analysis of intermediate filament proteins revealed vimentin-
      but no desmin-positivity in the tumor cells, and endothelial cell markers as well
      as S-100 protein were absent. This is compatible with fibroblastic
      myofibroblastic nature of the myxoma cells.

PMID- 4036857
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of DNA in diagnostic cytology.
AB  - Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content and cell surface immunologic
      phenotyping were used in the evaluation of cytologic samples obtained from four
      patients. In each sample, a lymphoid cell population was present, which was
      difficult to evaluate by traditional cytopathologic methods. In two of the cases,
      the flow cytometric demonstration of monoclonal populations of lymphoid cells
      characterized by abnormal amounts of nuclear DNA gave support to the cytologic
      interpretation of malignancy. In a third sample, a lymphoid cell population that
      could not be cytologically distinguished from malignant lymphoma cells of small
      lymphoid cell type was shown to be composed of euploid, polyclonal cells. In the
      fourth case, the demonstration of euploidy in morphologically distinctive cell
      populations was helpful in interpreting the fine-needle aspirate of the thyroid
      gland. The authors conclude that flow cytometry can be used to great advantage in
      the evaluation of cytologic samples as well as in predicting biologic behavior.

PMID- 4036858
TI  - Plasmacytic differentiation in follicular center cell (FCC) lymphomas.
AB  - Although follicular centers are the sites of production of plasma cell
      precursors, plasmacytic differentiation in follicular center cell (FCC) lymphomas
      is rarely seen, presumably because of a "block" in differentiation of the large
      noncleaved FCC. The authors reviewed a large number of these cases to determine
      the frequency of plasmacytic differentiation in FCC lymphomas. In one hundred
      ninety-eight, consecutive FCC lymphomas with a follicular pattern from a two-year
      period, 17 (9%) cases were found in which there were large numbers of plasma
      cells. Immunoperoxidase studies of paraffin-embedded sections (PIP) for
      cytoplasmic immunoglobulin showed polytypic marking in ten of these and a
      monotypic plasma cell population in seven. In this latter group, isotypically
      identical marking of the plasma cell and FCC populations could be demonstrated in
      three cases with immunoperoxidase (where the FCCs showed cytoplasmic marking) and
      in one case (of one tested) with surface typing studies. In addition, three
      patients had serum paraproteins identical to the plasma cell cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulins. These findings indicate that a small minority of FCC lymphomas
      contain sufficient plasma cells to be a diagnostic problem, and that in some of
      these cases, plasma cells are a differentiated component of the FCC lymphomas.

PMID- 4036859
TI  - Evaluation of the Coulter Counter model S-Plus IV.
AB  - Evaluation of linearity, carry-over, precision, and accuracy of a Coulter Counter
      model S-Plus IV prototype showed that they meet the manufacturer's
      specifications. The instrument also was compared with an earlier model.
      Correlations of the lymphocyte and granulocyte values in the three-part
      differential count with manual eye-count and a Technicon Hemalog D90 results were
      very close to the correlation of eye-count to Hemalog D90 results. The percentage
      of mononuclear cells showed acceptable correlation to the manual eye-count when
      monocytes were combined with blasts, eosinophils, and basophils. The medical
      effectiveness of the three-part differential was determined by comparison with
      manual eye-counts in 1,084 samples. The false positive and false negative values
      were 7.38% and 7.84%, respectively. The instrument has acceptable limits of
      operation. When combined with analysis of histograms by trained personnel, the
      three-part differential count is capable of screening for abnormalities that
      require further analysis.

PMID- 4036860
TI  - Analysis of heparinization methods during hemodialysis.
AB  - The ideal method of heparinization should achieve therapeutic concentrations (0.2
      0.5 IU/mL) in the artificial kidney and the least possible amount of heparin in
      the patient. Total heparinization using a bolus dose (8400 IU) followed by
      continuous infusion of heparin (20 IU/min), initially showed 1.4-2.4 IU/mL in the
      artificial kidney and the patient, but unpredictable slopes. High-dose regional
      heparinization (120-144 IU/min) and neutralization showed sustained heparin
      concentrations (0.4-0.6 IU/mL) in the artificial kidney, and less than 0.2 IU/mL
      in the patient. Low-dose regional heparinization (25 IU/min) initially showed
      0.25-0.45 IU/mL in the artificial kidney, but unpredictable slopes in the
      patient. Low-dose regional heparinization (25 IU/min) and neutralization showed
      sustained heparin concentrations (0.15-0.35 IU/mL) in the artificial kidney and
      less than 0.15 IU/mL in the patient.

PMID- 4036861
TI  - Progressive disseminated penicilliosis caused by Penicillium marneffei. Report of
      eight cases and differentiation of the causative organism from Histoplasma
      capsulatum.
AB  - Eight patients with fatal penicilliosis caused by Penicillium marneffei are
      reported. All were natives of southern rural Guangxi, and none had a predisposing
      illness or evidence of altered immunity. The distinctive features of P. marneffei
      include proliferation of yeast-like cells within histiocytes, followed by the
      development of focal necrosis and, eventually, large abscesses. Outside the
      histiocytes, the fungi elongate, become slightly curved, and form septa. In
      vitro, P. marneffei produces a red pigment which diffuses into the culture
      medium. The differentiation between P. marneffei and Histoplasma capsulatum is
      described, and possible reservoirs for P. marneffei are discussed.

PMID- 4036862
TI  - Antimicrobial synergy testing based on antibiotic levels, minimal bactericidal
      concentration, and serum bactericidal activity.
AB  - The ratio between the concentrations of different antimicrobial agents varies
      widely during therapy and often bears no resemblance to the ratios assessed by in
      vitro methods to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple antimicrobial therapy.
      The authors examined an alternative method using patient serum that reflects the
      actual antibiotic levels achieved in the patient. Previous investigators have
      shown that the ratio of the concentration of free drug (drug-f) to the minimal
      bactericidal concentration (MBC) in broth approximates the serum bactericidal
      titer (SBT) when pooled normal human serum is used as the diluent. Theoretically,
      when two antimicrobial agents are administered, the SBT should be equivalent to
      (drug-f A/MBC drug A) + (drug-f B/MBC drug B). SBT and drug level determinations
      were performed on peak and trough serum specimens from ten patients with
      endocarditis or osteomyelitis who were receiving multiple antimicrobial therapy.
      The serum dilution synergy method predicted additive interactions twice as often
      as the checkerboard and kill curve, and predicted synergy less frequently than
      the kill curve. The checkerboard predicted antagonism four times more often than
      the other methods and provided equivocal results in four of ten cases. The
      suggested method may offer an alternative procedure to assess antimicrobial
      interactions, which is based on antibiotic levels actually achieved in vivo
      instead of the arbitrary concentrations often used in in vitro tests.

PMID- 4036863
TI  - Clinical utility of serum prostatic acid phosphatase measurements for detection
      (screening), diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring of prostatic carcinoma;
      assessment of monoclonal and polyclonal enzymes and radioimmunoassays.
AB  - Serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), measured by three different technics, was
      used to screen 560 men over 50 years of age for prostatic cancer. All three PAP
      procedures failed to detect the one subject found to have prostatic cancer on
      physical examination and confirmed by biopsy, and all assays had a significant
      number of "falsely" elevated PAP levels. Four PAP assays were assessed in 80 men
      undergoing prostatic biopsy/removal in whom histologic examination of prostatic
      tissue was made. Clinical sensitivity and specificity for detecting those
      patients with and without prostatic cancer ranged from 20-57% and 54-95%,
      respectively, with the monoclonal enzyme immunoassay being the most sensitive but
      the least specific, and the traditional enzyme assay being the most specific but
      insensitive. In men with diagnosed prostatic cancer undergoing radiation or
      chemotherapy, the assays were useful in distinguishing between those with active
      and inactive disease. The authors conclude that serum PAP assays, irrespective of
      the type of procedure used, has no place in screening for prostatic cancer, a
      minimal role in establishing a definitive diagnosis, but a useful role in
      monitoring therapy.

PMID- 4036865
TI  - Relationship between body weight and total leukocyte count in morbid obesity.
AB  - The authors studied the relationship between total leukocyte count and body
      weight in 42 morbidly obese patients (weight range, 101.5-206.8 kg). None of the
      patients had a recent history of infection, hematologic disorders, chronic
      respiratory disease, or were smoking more than 5 cigarettes/day. The range of
      total leukocyte count was 4.2-12.0 X 10(9) cells/L. Twelve of the 42 patients had
      a leukocyte count of 10 X 10(9) cells/L. There was a significant correlation
      between body weight (kg) and total leukocyte count (r = 0.68, P less than 0.001).
      Morbid obesity should be considered as one of the causes of physiologic
      leukocytosis.

PMID- 4036864
TI  - Statistical analysis of relationship between iron accumulation and hepatitis B
      surface antigen.
AB  - Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the relationships of iron
      deposition among hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, bile duct epithelial cells, portal
      tracts, and spleens using 68 autopsy cases obtained from Kenya, which included
      cases of Bantu siderosis. Of 68 cases, 33 (49%) showed siderosis. Cirrhosis was
      observed in 19 cases, of which 10 (53%) showed siderosis. However, there was no
      correlation between iron deposition and cirrhosis (Pearson chi 2 = 0.6734). The
      finding suggests that iron accumulation does not lead to cellular injury. On the
      other hand, there was a strong association between iron deposition in the livers
      and that in the spleens. There was also a strong correlation between the presence
      of hepatitis B surface antigen and iron deposition in the Kupffer cells and in
      the spleens. Therefore, it is suggested that the hepatitis B virus infection
      affects the iron metabolism of the reticuloendothelial system.

PMID- 4036866
TI  - A comparison of differential white blood cell counts using manual technic and the
      Coulter S-Plus IV.
AB  - The results of 100-cell and 500-cell manual differential white blood cell counts
      were compared with those obtained using a Coulter S-Plus IV electronic particle
      counter. Significant (P less than 0.001) correlations were observed between the
      manual and instrument-derived data for percentages of granulocytes and
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 4036867
TI  - Heparin monitoring by activated partial thromboplastin time. Comparison of ex
      vivo measurement and in vitro standardization.
AB  - Twenty patients were studied prospectively during heparin therapy. Three
      activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reagents were used to compare APTT
      values with plasma heparin levels during induction of heparin and transition of
      heparin to coumadin. A heparin in vitro dose APTT response curve and a heparin ex
      vivo curve were established. The in vitro sensitivity curves using different
      reagents were varied at therapeutic heparin levels. In contrast, the APTT
      reagents did not differ ex vivo. The in vitro curves demonstrated poor
      performance. Sixty percent of the patients did not adequately compare by APTT
      estimation of plasma heparin levels. An APTT ratio (1.5 to 2.5) using the
      patient's baseline APTT as the denominator demonstrated better representation of
      heparin levels. The in vitro APTT curves are inappropriate for heparin
      monitoring.

PMID- 4036868
TI  - The detection of penicillin-resistant pneumococci. The compliance of hospital
      laboratories with recommended methods.
AB  - Isolations of pneumococci with diminished susceptibility to penicillin have been
      reported with increasing frequency in recent years. The first reported isolations
      of such organisms in Tennessee occurred in December 1982, and prompted a survey
      of acute-care hospitals to determine the methods being used to test pneumococcal
      isolates for penicillin susceptibility. All 77 acute-care hospitals in Tennessee
      with 100 or more beds were surveyed. Eighteen (23%) did not test the penicillin
      susceptibility of any pneumococcal isolates obtained from blood or cerebrospinal
      fluid. Thirty-eight hospitals (49%) tested some or all such isolates, but did not
      perform the tests in accord with established standards; 21 (27%) properly tested
      all such isolates. There was no correlation between the proper testing of
      pneumococcal isolates for penicillin susceptibility and the mode of governance,
      numbers of beds, or medical school affiliations of the respondent hospitals. It
      is recommended that appropriate pneumococcal isolates be tested for penicillin
      susceptibility. Such testing is most reliably performed by the disk diffusion
      method, using a 1-microgram oxacillin disk.

PMID- 4036869
TI  - Colorimetric measurement of plasma lactate.
AB  - A rapid and simple enzymatic method for plasma lactate is proposed using stable
      reagents to produce the formazan color. This method agrees well with a reference
      kit method, r = 0.955 and the regression equation is y = 0.99x + 0.09. The over
      all recovery averages 100%, with a precision ranging from 0.6 to 3.3%. No
      interferences have been shown with the formazan reaction. The proposed method is
      inexpensive, ideal for batch analyses, and is an attractive method for the busy
      clinical laboratory.

PMID- 4036870
TI  - Immune hemolytic anemia associated with probenecid.
AB  - Upon hospital admission a patient was found to have severe anemia and a strongly
      positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT). The patient was taking probenecid
      periodically for gout. An antibody was detected in the patient's serum that only
      reacted with red blood cells (RBCs) when probenecid was added. Eluates from the
      patient's RBCs, with and without the presence of drug, were nonreactive. Upon the
      discontinuation of probenecid, the patient's hemoglobin level improved steadily.
      We believe this to be the first reported case of immune hemolytic anemia
      associated with probenecid.

PMID- 4036872
TI  - To replicate or not to replicate, that was the question.

PMID- 4036871
TI  - Spuriously high platelet counts.

PMID- 4036873
TI  - Specificity of Leu-M1 antibody for Reed-Sternberg cells.

PMID- 4036874
TI  - Endotoxinemia and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

PMID- 4036875
TI  - The bone marrow in AIDS. A histologic, hematologic, and microbiologic study.
AB  - During one year, 55 bone marrow biopsies from 49 patients with CDC-defined
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied. Eighty-three percent
      were normocellular or hypercellular; 17% were hypocellular. Marrow plasma cells
      were increased in 83% of patients, most showing polyclonal
      hypergammaglobulinemia. Forty percent of patients showed peripheral neutropenia,
      29% thrombocytopenia, and 79% lymphopenia with markedly reduced T4+ lymphocytes.
      Eighty-five percent of patients were anemic, with iron studies showing a pattern
      consistent with the anemia of chronic disease. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
      (MAI) grew from ten (20%) biopsies, four with granuloma and six without granuloma
      (five of these six also showed marrow hypocellularity). Small poorly formed
      granuloma (70-150 micron) were seen in eight (16%) patients (four AFB-culture
      positive, 4 negative). Three of four granuloma-positive, culture-negative cases
      eventually grew MAI from autopsy material. Five (10%) patients had
      lymphoplasmacytic aggregates; later, one developed lymphoma, another, markedly
      atypical lymphoid hyperplasia. Two additional patients showed marrow B-cell
      lymphomas. Of these findings, only marrow MAI meets the CDC definition of AIDS.
      However, in this series, small ill-defined granulomas, lymphoplasmacytic
      aggregates, and B-cell lymphomas also were found. The authors conclude that these
      latter findings, when seen in high-risk patients, particularly those with
      lymphopenia, anemia, and/or hypergammaglobulinemia, also strongly suggest the
      diagnosis of AIDS.

PMID- 4036877
TI  - Cystic dysplastic kidneys associated with Dandy-Walker malformation and
      congenital hepatic fibrosis. Report of two cases.
AB  - The combined abnormalities of Dandy-Walker malformation, congenital hepatic
      fibrosis, and generalized cystic dysplastic kidneys were found in two
      sanguineously unrelated premature babies. This type of cerebrohepatorenal
      malformation is certainly unique and is generally diagnosed based on the
      characteristic renal lesion. Remarkably, similar renal lesions have been found in
      Meckel's syndrome, Goldston's syndrome, and Miranda's syndrome. The present cases
      can be distinguished from Meckel's syndrome on the basis of the presence of Dandy
      Walker malformation and the absence of polydactyly and occipital
      meningoencephalocele. Although the authors' cases resemble the latter two
      syndromes in terms of the presence of Dandy-Walker malformation, it is
      tentatively considered that the distinct triads found in the present cases could
      represent a new variant of a multiple malformation syndrome with generalized
      cystic dysplastic kidneys. The etiology of these cases remains unclear, but a
      genetic factor, which has been suggested as for other syndromes, might be
      involved.

PMID- 4036876
TI  - The significance of protein C antigen in acute and chronic liver biliary disease.
AB  - Protein C, a naturally occurring inhibitor of blood coagulation, was measured
      immunologically in 160 patients with acute and chronic liver and biliary disease.
      In 31 patients with acute viral hepatitis serially studied from admission to
      discharge from hospital, protein C antigen (PC:Ag) was low on admission in a high
      proportion of cases (61%) but became normal in 90% of them after two weeks at a
      time when the prothrombin time was still prolonged in 46% of the cases. PC:Ag was
      also low in 25 cirrhotic patients and in 20 patients with chronic active
      hepatitis. In chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, PC:Ag levels significantly
      correlated with indexes of liver synthetic function. In primary biliary cirrhosis
      (n:40), PC:Ag was low in patients with advanced disease (stages III-IV) but high
      in the early phases, when cholestasis was not yet accompanied by impaired protein
      synthesis. PC:Ag was also very high in 20 patients with large bile duct
      obstruction and highly correlated with indexes of cholestasis. The authors'
      findings indicate that PC:Ag is reduced in liver disease proportionally to the
      impairment of the liver synthetic function and that its normalization after acute
      hepatitis might represent an early marker of recovery of this function.

PMID- 4036878
TI  - Evaluation of the Coulter three-part differential screen.
AB  - An evaluation of the Coulter Electronics, Inc. (Hialeah, FL) three-part
      differential screen (3PD) was undertaken to determine the performance
      characteristics of this system. The 3PD measures white blood cell (WBC) volumes
      and, by automatic analysis of the resultant WBC histogram, produces a
      determination of the number and percent of lymphocytes, mononuclear cells, and
      granulocytes. A group of 984 random patient blood samples was tested. The overall
      review rate (samples requiring some further analysis or review) was 42%. The main
      source of false negatives on the 3PD was eosinophilia: 5 out of 22 instances of
      eosinophilia greater than 750/microL were not flagged. The precision of the three
      parameters, measured as percent coefficient of variation, was 3.3% for
      lymphocytes, 14.2% for mononuclear cells, 3.1% for granulocytes, and 2.4% for the
      total WBC. The stability of blood samples was acceptable for up to eight hours at
      room temperature (less at 4 degrees C).

PMID- 4036879
TI  - Discrepant fibrinogen values during thrombolytic therapy. Comparison of aca and
      Data-Fi results using immunofixation. Electrophoresis as a reference.
AB  - The authors compared aca and Data-Fi fibrinogen values and used a combination of
      plasma protein electrophoresis and immunofixation with anti-fibrinogen anti-serum
      to observe changes in fibrinogen from four patients receiving streptokinase (STK)
      therapy. For three patients, aca and Data-Fi values pre-STK and greater than or
      equal to 24 hours post-STK correlated well (r = 0.96, slope = 0.92, y-intercept =
      2.3; n = 13 pairs); aca and Data-Fi values during STK therapy correlated poorly
      (r = 0.67, slope = 0.36, y-intercept = 4.1; n = 20 pairs), with aca values up to
      sixfold higher than Data-Fi. Protein electrophoresis and immunofixation showed
      loss of the discrete fibrinogen band during STK therapy; instead there was a
      diffuse electrophoretic zone of anti-fibrinogen reactive material having a
      slightly different mobility than intact fibrinogen; aca fibrinogen values were
      inconsistent with fibrinogen band absence. The remaining patient showed no change
      in the fibrinogen band. Clinically he showed no response to STK therapy. In
      nonresistant patients, STK results in the degradation of fibrinogen into a
      mixture of products (FDP), all sharing antigenic determinants with fibrinogen and
      at least one being still clottable. Our results exemplify loss of intact
      fibrinogen with persisting anti-fibrinogen reactive FDP during STK therapy.
      Discrepancies in aca versus Data-Fi results may be due to ways in which FDP
      interact with different methods--fibrometer versus turbidimetric.

PMID- 4036880
TI  - Use of commercially prepared control sera as quality control materials for
      spectrophotometric bilirubin determinations in amniotic fluid.
AB  - The visible absorption spectra of dilutions of commercially prepared chemistry
      control sera closely mimic those of jaundiced amniotic fluids in cases of fetal
      rhesus isoimmunization. The authors have assessed the use of these materials for
      the quality control of net absorbance measurements at 450 nm on amniotic fluids.
      The authors conclude that they are excellent quality control materials because of
      their ready availability, low cost, long-term stability, wide range of bilirubin
      concentrations, and their close resemblance to jaundiced amniotic fluids with
      respect to light absorption and scattering, sensitivity to light, and pigment
      extractability into chloroform. Their spectra also contain a maximum at 410 nm,
      so these materials can also be used as controls for net absorbance measurements
      at 410 nm, a determination that indicates the extent of heme or meconium pigment
      interference with net absorbance measurements at 450 nm. These materials both
      supplement and complement the requisite spectrophotometric performance checks of
      wavelength calibration and photometric accuracy.

PMID- 4036881
TI  - The measurement of fractionated bilirubin by Ektachem film slides. Method
      validation and comparison of conjugated bilirubin measurements with direct
      bilirubin in obstructive and hepatocellular jaundice.
AB  - The authors evaluated the Kodak Ektachem Slides for total, "direct," conjugated,
      unconjugated, and albumin-bound ("delta") bilirubin. For various concentrations
      of control material, the precision (CV) within- and between-day ranged from 1.7
      to 2.4% (2.8-6.6%) for total bilirubin, 0.8-4.2% (1.6-11.5%) for unconjugated
      bilirubin, and 1.6-9.5% (2.6-20.7%) for conjugated bilirubin. The Ektachem total
      and "direct" bilirubin assays demonstrated excellent correlation with the
      Jendrassik and Grof procedure; a 30% difference was observed, however, between
      absolute numbers with the two direct bilirubin methods. We found the measurement
      of true conjugated bilirubin by the Kodak Method to be superior to the
      measurement of "direct" bilirubin in following the response to treatment of
      various hepatic disorders manifested by extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary
      obstruction.

PMID- 4036882
TI  - Penile glycogenated epithelial cells as an indicator of recent vaginal
      intercourse.
AB  - Occasionally, suspected male rape assailants are examined, in part to recover
      evidence of recent sexual intercourse. Glycogenated squamous epithelial cells are
      felt to be specific for the vagina, and if recovered from the penis, they are
      indicative of penile vaginal penetration. From the 45 periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)
      stained postcoital penile smears examined, 36 (81%) contained PAS-positive cells.
      Precoital penile smears were all negative. Both precoital and postcoital urethral
      meatus smears contained many PAS-positive cells. The authors conclude that
      recovery of PAS-positive cells from the penile shaft is strong presumptive, but
      not definitive, evidence of recent vaginal intercourse.

PMID- 4036883
TI  - The measurement of fibrinogen by the DuPont aca and Dade methods in patients
      receiving streptokinase infusions.
AB  - To assess the discrepancies noted in fibrinogen measurement by the DuPont aca and
      Dade methods, nine patients receiving streptokinase (SK) by either the
      intracoronary (IC) (240,000 IU/60 minutes) (two patients) or intravenous (IV)
      (1,500,000 IU/45 minutes) routes (seven patients) for acute myocardial
      infarctions were studied over 48-72 hours. All nine patients showed a rapid and
      profound fall in fibrinogen to unrecordable levels (30 mg/dL) by the Dade method.
      Three patients showed a similar response to unrecordable levels (less than 50
      mg/dL) with the DuPont aca method. Six others had less of a decrease with the
      DuPont aca method compared with the Dade method. One patient showed a gradual
      fall by the DuPont aca method to reach 60% of the preinfusion level at 30 hours,
      whereas the minimal value by the Dade method, 81% of the preinfusion level, was
      reached within 12 hours. There was no difference in fibrinogen levels by the Dade
      method after absorption of heparin-like activity with triethylamino ethyl (TEAE)
      cellulose. Fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) were elevated in all patients
      post-SK infusion. These studies show that fibrinogen estimation by DuPont aca and
      Dade methods may yield discrepant results in approximately 66% of patients
      treated with SK. This may have some clinical relevance to clinicians who rely on
      the DuPont aca fibrinogen estimation to monitor effectiveness of SK therapy.

PMID- 4036884
TI  - Adenomatous tumor of the middle ear. An ultrastructural and immunocytochemical
      study.
AB  - An adenomatous tumor of the middle ear was examined by light microscopy,
      ultrastructural and immunocytochemical technics. It demonstrated the typical
      histologic growth pattern and featured ultrastructural evidence of glandular
      differentiation with two distinct types of secretory granules, apically oriented
      mucus granules and basally located uniformly condensed neurosecretory granules.
      In support of its neuroendocrine differentiation was the detection of neuron
      specific enolase and positive reaction with monoclonal antibody to chromogranin.
      These findings are compared with previously reported cases and with middle ear
      mucosa. It is suggested that this bidirectional differentiation is analogous to
      that seen in other endodermally derived neuroendocrine tumors.

PMID- 4036885
TI  - Osseous pseudotumor. The sole manifestation of sinus histiocytosis with massive
      lymphadenopathy.
AB  - Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy may involve extra-nodal tissue
      sites. Skeletal involvement is uncommon and has always been associated with
      disease in other nonosseous locations. The present case is the first to document
      sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy arising primarily within bone
      and unaccompanied by disease elsewhere.

PMID- 4036886
TI  - Nutrient intakes of American infants and children fed cow's milk or infant
      formula.
AB  - Between April 1984 and August 1984, a national survey, the Ross Laboratories
      Infant Nutrition Survey, was undertaken to assess patterns of food consumption of
      American infants ranging in age from 6.5 months to 13.4 months. Nutrient intakes
      of 865 infants were evaluated according to different foods (milk and milk
      products, non-iron-fortified formula, iron-fortified formula, infant cereal,
      commercial baby foods, and home-prepared table foods). Results indicated that
      most American infants consumed nutrients in appropriate amounts. However, a large
      proportion of infants who were fed a diet that included cow's milk received
      amounts of sodium, potassium, and chloride that exceeded the recommended safe and
      adequate ranges. The median intake of iron of infants fed either cow's milk or a
      non-iron-fortified formula was below the recommended dietary allowance; a low
      percentage of these infants received medicinal iron supplementation. The results
      also indicated that the median estimated renal solute load of the diet of infants
      fed cow's milk was approximately twice the amount of that of infants fed formula.
      These data may be useful in the development of nutritional programs for older
      infants.

PMID- 4036887
TI  - Arterialized capillary blood gases and acid-base studies in normal individuals
      from 29 days to 24 years of age.
AB  - Studies of arterialized capillary blood gases and acid-base values were performed
      on 712 normal persons who were between the ages of 29 days and 24 years. The
      results were divided for clinical use into six groups by age; linear regression
      lines were constructed for better understanding of the development of blood gas
      levels and the acid-base balance. The blood pH essentially remained unchanged
      throughout the study period. The oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures, base excess
      of extracellular fluid, and buffer base and bicarbonate levels are lower in
      infants than in children and adults; adult values are reached at approximately 7
      to 12 years of age. The probable explanation for the lower values in infants is
      discussed. The effects of crying on the composition of blood gases are mentioned.

PMID- 4036888
TI  - The GPEP Report--a time for change in medical education.

PMID- 4036889
TI  - Congenital hypothyroidism. The effect of stopping treatment at 3 years of age.
AB  - Fifty-six children with congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed by neonatal screening
      were reviewed at 3 years of age or older. The presence or absence of the thyroid
      gland was determined by radionuclide scanning prior to treatment in the newborn
      period. Thyroxine therapy was discontinued in those children who did not have
      anatomic defects or a secondary rise in their thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating
      hormone [TSH]) level once it was suppressed by thyroid hormones. Sixteen of 17
      children developed a low thyroxine and an elevated TSH level within three to six
      weeks. One child was not receiving thyroxine for nine months and was clinically
      and biochemically euthyroid. We conclude that (1) newborn thyroid scans are
      useful to determine the cause of hypothyroidism, (2) a secondary rise in the TSH
      level indicates permanent hypothyroidism, (3) only about one third of infants
      whose condition is diagnosed by newborn screening will qualify for a trial off
      therapy at 3 years of age, (4) only 1% to 2% of infants whose condition is
      diagnosed by newborn screening have transient hypothyroidism, and (5) a three
      week period of hormone withdrawal after the age of 3 years seems adequate and
      safe to confirm permanent hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4036890
TI  - Antecedents of cerebral palsy. I. Univariate analysis of risks.
AB  - A large prospective study investigated prenatal and perinatal antecedents of
      chronic motor dysfunction (cerebral palsy [CP]), evaluating approximately 400
      characteristics of the mothers, pregnancies, or deliveries. In addition to
      confirming some, but not all, of the classic risk factors for CP, this study
      observed relatively large increases in the CP rate in association with maternal
      mental retardation, seizure disorders, hyperthyroidism, or with the
      administration of thyroid hormone and estrogen in pregnancy. Some risk factors
      were predictive of CP only insofar as they were associated with low birth weight
      or low Apgar scores. Among factors not significantly related to CP rate were
      maternal age, parity, socioeconomic status, smoking history, maternal diabetes,
      first trimester vaginal bleeding, kidney or bladder infection, moderate
      hypertension, long cord, use of anesthetic agents, or use of oxytoxics for
      initiation or augmentation of labor. Duration of labor, whether precipitate or
      prolonged, was not a risk factor for CP.

PMID- 4036891
TI  - Radiological case of the month. Stridor due to double-aortic-arch anomaly.

PMID- 4036892
TI  - Tissue pH monitoring by a disposable sensor in critically ill neonates.
AB  - Using a new disposable polymer sensor, tissue pH was continuously monitored
      successfully in 33 critically ill neonates. Tissue pH correlated well with the
      arterial pH at wide pH ranges [n = 476; r = .84; y = 0.46 + (0.94)x]. Tissue pH
      changes accurately reflected the arterial pH during both respiratory and
      metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. During severe metabolic acidosis (arterial pH
      less than 7.10) tissue pH was lower than arterial pH. No complications were
      encountered during or after monitoring. Compared with earlier studies using a
      glass electrode, this electrode reflects a marked technologic improvement because
      of its ease of application, longevity of use, disposability, and decreased risk
      of complications in small preterm infants. Unlike transcutaneous oxygen and
      carbon dioxide sensors, this device is invasive but is not heated and does not
      require frequent site changes.

PMID- 4036893
TI  - Penicillin-intermediate pneumococci in a children's hospital.
AB  - During the three-year period from 1981 to 1984, all clinical isolates of
      Streptococcus pneumoniae were screened for resistance to penicillin in the
      clinical bacteriology laboratory at The Children's Hospital of Alabama,
      Birmingham. Twenty-eight of 828 isolates were presumed resistant by disk
      diffusion testing with 1-microgram oxacillin disks (zone diameter, less than 20
      mm). Seventeen of the 28 (61%) were found to be intermediately sensitive to
      penicillin by a conventional agar dilution method. Penicillin-intermediate
      strains had a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.125 to 0.5 mg/L; no
      penicillin-resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration, greater than 1 mg/L)
      strains were encountered. The prevalence of penicillin-intermediate strains was
      thus 17 of 828 isolates, or 2.1%. These strains were also examined for
      susceptibility to ampicillin, vancomycin, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol. We
      present the clinical features of 17 patients with disease due to penicillin
      intermediate pneumococci.

PMID- 4036894
TI  - Prognostic variables in nearly drowned, comatose children.
AB  - Prognostic variables were evaluated in 51 nearly drowned, comatose children, and
      they included values for age, estimated submersion time, initial arterial pH and
      core temperature, mean intracranial pressure (ICP), and mean cerebral perfusion
      pressure (CPP); the latter two values were obtained during the first 24 hours.
      There were 33 survivors (19 with intact neurologic survival and 14 with brain
      damage) and 18 deaths. Estimated submersion time and mean ICP and mean CPP
      determined survival but could not predict the neurologic outcome (intact survival
      or brain damage). Age, arterial pH, and core temperature were not useful
      variables in predicting outcome. This study discourages the use of these
      unreliable variables in predicting survival in nearly drowned, comatose victims
      and, in addition, cautions against the use of mean ICP, mean CPP, and submersion
      time as predictors of neurologic outcome. Since mean ICP and mean CPP
      measurements are reliable in predicting survival but not neurologic outcome,
      major efforts should be undertaken to explore neurophysiologic and metabolic
      prognostic factors that may either discourage or mandate early institution of
      aggressive cerebral resuscitative measures in nearly drowned victims.

PMID- 4036895
TI  - Renal adaptation to extrauterine life in patients with respiratory distress
      syndrome.
AB  - A spontaneous diuresis that precedes the improvement of pulmonary function has
      been described in patients with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The
      developmental changes in renal physiology responsible for this spontaneous
      diuresis are not completely understood. To describe the mechanisms responsible
      for the spontaneous diuresis, serial renal function studies were performed during
      the first five days of life in nine premature neonates with RDS. Diuresis was
      defined as a urine output that was at least 80% of fluid intake; prediuretic,
      diuretic, and postdiuretic periods were observed in all study infants.
      Oxygenation did not improve until the postdiuretic period. Renal function studies
      disclosed a significant increase in free water clearance during the diuresis with
      the production of dilute urine and a reciprocal rise in serum sodium
      concentration and plasma osmolality. The glomerular filtration rate increased at
      the onset of diuresis and remained elevated after the diuresis ended; however,
      the proportion of filtrate excreted was significantly elevated during the
      diuresis compared with prediuretic and postdiuretic values. These data suggest
      that the diuresis in patients with RDS is a water diuresis secondary to an
      endogenous water load.

PMID- 4036896
TI  - On-line documentation of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine inoculation.

PMID- 4036898
TI  - Nuchal cord as a cause of neonatal anemia.

PMID- 4036897
TI  - Complications involving augmentin.

PMID- 4036899
TI  - The pediatrician's obligation in smoking education.

PMID- 4036901
TI  - The adolescent and young adult with heart disease.

PMID- 4036900
TI  - Primary care. Does it belong in pediatrics?

PMID- 4036902
TI  - Earlier maturation of pregnant black and white adolescents.
AB  - A survey was made of the menarcheal age and anthropometry of 1,844 lower income,
      nulliparous female patients receiving prenatal care. No differences were observed
      between black and white patients in height and maximum pregnant weight. A
      significantly earlier mean menarcheal age was observed in adolescents (12 to 16
      years) compared with adults (17 to 31 years). Younger adolescents (12 to 14
      years) of both races were taller and heavier (prepregnancy) than National Center
      for Health Statistics standards and had a significantly greater weight-for
      height. Menarcheal age and body habitus were consistent with other reports that
      younger pregnant adolescents tend to be earlier maturers than older pregnant
      adolescents and adults. Compared with their age-group cohorts (13 to 31 years) in
      the two-decades-old Collaborative Perinatal Study of the National Institute of
      Neurological Communicative Disorders and Stroke, these female patients were
      larger and had greater pregnancy weight gains. These anthropometric findings may
      reflect the two decades of improvements in social assistance and prenatal care
      for lower income women.

PMID- 4036903
TI  - QTc and R-R intervals in victims of the sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - Electrocardiograms obtained during sleep within the first and/or fourth week
      postnatally were available on eight infants who subsequently died of the sudden
      infant death syndrome (SIDS). The corrected QT (QTc) and R-R intervals were
      compared with controls for the purpose of evaluating their relevance for SIDS.
      The QTc interval in controls increased with age and tended to be longer during
      sleep without rapid eye movements. The R-R interval decreased with age. None of
      the SIDS victims was found to have a prolonged QTc interval. However, the R-R
      interval during rapid eye movement epochs was significantly shorter in future
      SIDS victims compared with controls. These data were interpreted as being
      inconsistent with the congenital variants of the long-QT hypothesis but
      compatible with the growing conviction that infants who die of SIDS have a
      chronic underlying abnormality that has subtle manifestations within the
      immediate postnatal period.

PMID- 4036904
TI  - Physician-patient communication. Understanding congenital heart disease.
AB  - Mothers' descriptions of their childrens' congenital heart disease were compared
      with cardiologists' diagnoses. Maternal understanding was examined with respect
      to 21 factors using bivariate contingency tables and multiple regression
      analyses. Of 285 mothers, 36% demonstrated poor comprehension. Maternal
      understanding was associated with sociodemographic variables but not with factors
      related to stress. All variables taken in concert that were predictive of
      understanding explained less than 13% of the variability in maternal knowledge.
      Distorted perceptions of congenital heart disease may cause unnecessary
      anxieties, inappropriate restrictions, and impairment of the child's self
      perception. The bizarre nature of some of the mothers' incorrect descriptions and
      the accuracy of responses of mothers in biologic and health care occupations
      suggest that fundamental ignorance of the cardiovascular system may be of such
      importance as to minimize the impact of other variables.

PMID- 4036905
TI  - Effectiveness of pediatric and adult CPR.

PMID- 4036906
TI  - Measles reimmunization.

PMID- 4036907
TI  - Hearing loss and persistent pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 4036908
TI  - Palatal groove formation and oral endotracheal intubation.

PMID- 4036909
TI  - Elevated transaminase levels and neuromuscular pathology.

PMID- 4036911
TI  - The rise of the academic clinician.

PMID- 4036910
TI  - Juvenile metabolic gout.

PMID- 4036912
TI  - Hepatitis B virus and Schonlein-Henoch purpura.

PMID- 4036913
TI  - Growth quotients, Z scores, and failure to thrive.

PMID- 4036914
TI  - Unfortunately, more on duplicate publication.

PMID- 4036915
TI  - Aspirin in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4036916
TI  - Where you stand depends on where you sit. The need for improved skills in
      evaluating children and families.

PMID- 4036917
TI  - Reye syndrome and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Michigan.
AB  - Reye syndrome (RS) is believed to occur infrequently among children receiving
      long-term aspirin therapy. We reviewed all cases of RS reported to the Michigan
      Department of Public Health during 1982 and 1983. Three of the 36 patients were
      receiving aspirin for the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. All three
      patients had clinical courses characteristic of RS and two had supportive
      histologic findings on liver biopsy. The incidence of RS among children with
      juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is significantly greater than the incidence of RS
      among children who do not have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. These findings
      support previous studies that showed that the use of aspirin during the
      antecedent illness may be a risk factor for the development of RS. Physicians
      should be aware of the potential for the development of RS among children who are
      receiving long-term aspirin therapy for the treatment of systemic inflammatory
      illnesses.

PMID- 4036918
TI  - The mistaken diagnosis of child abuse. A form of medical abuse?
AB  - The suspected diagnosis of child abuse may prove to be unfounded. Reports in the
      literature have focused on unusual diseases and folk medicine practices that may
      mimic abuse. We report ten cases where allegations of abuse were lodged against
      parents because the treating physicians in the emergency room mistook life
      threatening illness or postmortem artifacts for inflicted injury. In all cases
      the families were from the inner city, and with two exceptions the involved
      institutions were small hospitals without pediatric personnel present in the
      emergency department. Although the histories related by the parents were in all
      cases truthful and consistent with the results of physical examinations of the
      child, the involved physicians failed to make a correct diagnosis. Not only a
      lack of experience with severe childhood illness and death but also an attitude
      of suspicion and/or hostility probably contributed to these misdiagnoses.

PMID- 4036919
TI  - Should child abuse and neglect be considered when a child dies unexpectedly?
AB  - Deaths during two years at a pediatric teaching hospital were studied to develop
      guidelines for clinicians who must decide when to explore the possibility of
      child abuse or neglect when a child dies unexpectedly. Unexpected deaths were
      defined as deaths occurring before arrival at the hospital or within ten days of
      hospitalization in children past the first month of life and unrelated to any
      previously known congenital anomaly or medical condition. There were 43 such
      deaths during two years. The majority (27) were due to natural causes. However,
      nine deaths were related to suspected child abuse or neglect (SCAN) and in three
      of those cases evidence of injury was found only at autopsy. The SCAN cases were
      more often mistaken for medical illness than for uninflicted injury, indicating
      that autopsy and postmortem skeletal survey are warranted whenever a child dies
      unexpectedly. The two factors "dead on arrival" and "1 year of age or less" had a
      positive predictive value for SCAN of 89% and a negative predictive value of 94%.
      The two factors identify a high-risk group requiring at least hospital-based
      investigation into the possibility of abuse or neglect. Reporting for SCAN is
      warranted when unsuspected trauma is found post mortem, there is direct physical
      or social evidence of child abuse or neglect, or the child is in the high-risk
      group and hospital-based investigation falls to eliminate the possibility that
      maltreatment contributed to the child's death.

PMID- 4036920
TI  - Major impediments to measles elimination. The modern epidemiology of an ancient
      disease.
AB  - Great success has been achieved in controlling measles in the United States with
      a greater than 99% reduction in incidence rate from the prevaccine era. However,
      since 1981, the incidence rate of measles in the United States has been
      relatively stable at approximately 1,500 to 3,000 reported cases annually. We
      reviewed available information to determine the remaining impediments to
      elimination of measles. The potential impediments can be divided into two
      categories: (1) implementation of the current strategy and (2) whether the
      current strategy needs modification. The major reason for the failure to achieve
      elimination appears to be the fact that some persons for whom vaccine is
      indicated have not been vaccinated. While vaccine failures and importations play
      a role in transmission, sustained transmission in a totally vaccinated community
      has not been demonstrated. All chains of transmission have involved some
      unvaccinated persons. Measles elimination will require complete implementation of
      current strategies and careful monitoring of epidemiologic trends to determine
      whether future modifications in strategy are needed.

PMID- 4036921
TI  - Bacterial and viral pathogens causing fever in infants less than 3 months old.
AB  - We studied 182 sick, febrile (temperature greater than 38 degrees C) infants less
      than 3 months of age, who presented at our Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu,
      during a one-year period, to determine the relative causes of fever in this age
      group. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, nasopharyngeal secretions, and stool
      specimens were cultured for bacterial and viral pathogens. Paired acute and
      convalescent sera were collected to serologically confirm infection in infants
      from whom viral isolations were obtained only from the nasopharynx or stool. A
      viral pathogen was isolated in 75 infants (41%) and a bacterial pathogen was
      isolated in 27 infants (15%). Nonpolio enteroviruses were the most common
      pathogens demonstrated. They were isolated from 64 infants (35%), and 40 (62%) of
      these infants had aseptic meningitis, the most frequently made diagnosis. Urinary
      tract infection was the most common bacterial infection observed. It occurred in
      20 infants (11%) and was most often seen without associated pyuria in
      uncircumcised male infants. Salmonellosis, the second most common bacterial
      infection, was observed in six infants (3%), and two of these did not have
      diarrhea or other gastrointestinal tract symptoms. No infant had septicemia and
      only one infant had bacterial (group B streptococcal) meningitis.

PMID- 4036922
TI  - Acalculous cholecystitis in the neonate.
AB  - Pediatric acalculous cholecystitis is a well-described though uncommon
      affliction. However, during the neonatal period nonlithogenic biliary disease is
      extremely unusual and only isolated reports of this problem exist. Nine
      previously reported cases are reviewed, and an additional case of a 6-day-old
      female neonate with a right-upper-quadrant mass is presented in detail.
      Inflammatory gallbladder disease in the neonate is often associated with
      concurrent systemic illness. An abdominal mass is palpable in almost all cases.
      Diagnosis may be confirmed in these patients by radionuclide scanning and
      ultrasonography. The treatment is cholecystectomy.

PMID- 4036923
TI  - A method for the teaching of interviewing skills.

PMID- 4036924
TI  - Transmission of neonatal listeriosis in a delivery room.
AB  - Two cases of neonatal listeriosis occurred in a hospital within a two-week
      period. Both infants were infected with the same organism, Listeria
      monocytogenes, type 1a, bacteriophage type 6 (lysotype 1652). Both infants were
      born in the same delivery room, 17 hours apart. The index patient became septic
      shortly after birth and died after 48 hours despite antibiotic therapy. The
      mother of the index patient was febrile and had chorioamnionitis. The second
      infant became ill with meningitis at 13 days of age. Neither infants nor mothers
      were attended by the same medical or nursing staff nor were they in the same
      labor or postpartum areas or nurseries. However, both infants were resuscitated
      in the same delivery room after birth by means of laryngoscope, suction catheter,
      and emergency resuscitation (Ambu) bag. Although it was hospital policy to clean
      and sterilize resuscitation equipment after use, the equipment had only been
      wiped with alcohol between patients in this instance, since sterile replacement
      equipment was not available during the early-morning hours when the index birth
      occurred. Therefore, we believe the contaminated resuscitation equipment was the
      source of infection in the second infant. This episode emphasizes the importance
      of appropriate disinfection of respiratory resuscitation equipment to prevent
      nosocomial infection due to L monocytogenes, an unusual but important pathogen in
      neonates.

PMID- 4036925
TI  - Effectiveness of mumps vaccine in a school outbreak.
AB  - An outbreak of mumps in a middle school (grades 6 through 8) in Ohio during 1981
      was investigated to determine the effectiveness of mumps vaccine. Of the 481
      middle school students on whom questionnaires were completed, 62 (12.4%)
      exhibited clinical mumps. The overall vaccine efficacy was 81.2% when children
      with a history of mumps disease are excluded from the analysis. Using a logistic
      regression model with the presence or absence of clinical mumps as the dependent
      variable, three factors were found to be significant: mumps vaccine, a history of
      mumps disease, and sex. Factors that did not significantly affect the rate of
      disease among vaccinated pupils included whether the mumps vaccine was
      administered singly or in combination with rubella and/or measles vaccine, age at
      vaccination, year of vaccination, and month of vaccination.

PMID- 4036926
TI  - Postnatal changes in calcium-regulating hormones in very-low-birth-weight
      infants. Effect of early neonatal hypocalcemia and intravenous calcium infusion
      on serum parathyroid hormone and calcitonin homeostasis.
AB  - In very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, we studied the hypotheses that in early
      neonatal hypocalcemia the serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration would
      rise; the serum calcitonin (CT) concentration would decline; and, in response to
      intravenous (IV) calcium (Ca) infusion, the serum PTH concentration would be
      lowered; and the serum CT concentration would rise. Fifteen infants appropriate
      for gestational age (age, less than 32 weeks; birth weight, less than 1,500 g)
      were enrolled in the study. In eight infants in whom the serum Ca level declined
      to less than 6.0 mg/dL, changes in serum magnesium, phosphorus, PTH, CT, and
      whole blood ionized calcium (iCa) were evaluated on entry into the study, when
      serum Ca declined to less than 6.0 mg/dL, immediately after infusion of 18 mg/kg
      of elemental calcium as calcium gluconate, and at eight hours post-Ca infusion (+
      8 hr). The serum Ca concentration declined from 7.9 +/- 0.6 baseline (mean +/-
      SE) to 5.2 +/- 0.2 mg/dL pre-Ca infusion and rose to 9.17 +/- 0.74 mg/dL post-Ca
      infusion and 7.1 +/- 0.5 mg/dL at +8 hr post-Ca infusion. Whole blood iCa
      declined from 4.82 +/- 0.24 to 3.72 +/- 0.19 mg/dL pre-Ca infusion, rose to 6.68
      +/- 0.32 mg/dL post-Ca infusion, and was 4.12 +/- 0.21 mg/dL at + 8 hr post-Ca
      infusion. The serum P concentration did not change significantly. The serum PTH
      concentration rose from 116 +/- 17 to 204 +/- 34 pmole/L pre-Ca infusion,
      declined to 149 +/- 22 pmole/L post-Ca infusion, and was 187 +/- 28 pmole/L at +
      8 hr post-Ca infusion. The serum CT concentration was elevated and did not change
      significantly. Thus, in infants less than 32 weeks' gestation, the serum PTH
      level rises in early neonatal hypocalcemia and is suppressed by IV Ca infusion;
      the serum CT level is markedly elevated and is not altered in early neonatal
      hypocalcemia and does not rise further in response to IV Ca infusion in VLBW
      infants. We suggest that hypercalcitoninemia occurs in VLBW infants and that
      serum CT concentrations are unresponsive to changes in serum Ca.

PMID- 4036927
TI  - Pulmonary and renal responses to furosemide in infants with stage III-IV
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - Pulmonary and renal responses to furosemide were evaluated in ten infants with
      stage III-IV bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Furosemide was given intravenously for
      two doses, 1 and 2 mg/kg, at approximately 24-hour intervals. The following
      indices were evaluated in series before and after entry into study: clinical
      respiratory distress syndrome score; blood pH; partial pressure of arterial
      carbon dioxide; alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient; urine output; glomerular
      filtration rate; fractional excretion of filtered sodium, chloride, potassium,
      and calcium; osmolar clearance; water clearance; and concentrations of serum
      electrolytes and calcium. A significant decrease in the respiratory distress
      syndrome score and in the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide was seen
      only transiently at two hours following each dose. There was no significant
      improvement in the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient during the study. Furosemide
      induced diuresis and urinary excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and
      calcium. A significant decrease in serum chloride and potassium concentrations
      was seen at 48 hours after entry into study; serum sodium and calcium
      concentrations remained unchanged. This study has demonstrated that furosemide
      administration has only a short-term effect in the lung but has a potential for
      long-term complication on electrolytes and calcium balance in infants with well
      established stage III-IV bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

PMID- 4036928
TI  - Risk factors associated with nosocomial rotavirus infection.
AB  - A prospective study of hospital-acquired rotavirus infection was undertaken on an
      infant and young toddler floor to assess the incidence of infection and risk
      factors associated with nosocomial transmission. During the seven-month study
      period, gastroenteritis accounted for 60 of 663 admissions, 23 (38%) of which
      were due to rotavirus. In spite of enteric isolation of 21 (91%) of 23 patients
      with community-acquired cases, 36 infants developed nosocomial rotavirus
      infections. The attack rate of hospital-acquired infection was 12.8%, ranging
      each month from 2% to 21%. Approximately three fourths of both community-acquired
      cases (17/23) and nosocomial cases (27/36) occurred during the late winter and
      early spring. Prolonged stays in the hospital were associated with an increased
      attack rate of rotavirus infection. The risk of nosocomial rotavirus infection
      was not significantly enhanced by room contact with a rotavirus-infected patient
      or by the sharing of staff. However, only 47% (17/36) of patients with nosocomial
      infections were appropriately isolated, despite symptoms of gastroenteritis in
      all cases. These findings indicate that hospital acquisition of rotavirus is
      common, and indicate that failure to isolate patients with nosocomial rotavirus
      infections could be an important factor in hospital transmission.

PMID- 4036929
TI  - The motor quotient. A method for the early detection of motor delay.
AB  - A motor quotient was calculated by dividing the age of a child's best motor
      achievement by his or her chronologic age. A quotient less than 50 was said to
      predict gross motor delay (walking at or later than 24 months). Applying the
      quotient to 144 8- to 18-month-old children yielded a sensitivity of 87%,
      specificity of 89%, and overreferral and underreferral rates of 12%. By viewing
      motor development as a ratio, one is able to forecast motor delay.

PMID- 4036930
TI  - The phantom earache. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in children.
AB  - Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is a benign, relatively uncommon childhood
      disorder and should be considered in children who have intermittent unilateral
      otalgia of three to four days' duration and whose audiographic, tympanometric,
      and clinical otologic examinations reveal normal findings. Most of the patients
      in our study had undergone orthodontic therapy during the year preceding the
      onset of temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and the vast majority of them had
      received orthodontic treatment within two weeks of each episode of otalgia. The
      diagnosis can be confirmed clinically by reproducing the pain associated with
      masticatory muscle spasm by palpation of the preauricular areas, intraotic
      manipulation, and palpation of the pterygoid muscles. Treatment consists of
      administering acetaminophen, applying hot compresses to the preauricular area,
      and opening and closing the mouth 30 to 40 times after each compress as an effort
      to interrupt the muscle spasm.

PMID- 4036931
TI  - Hematogenous pelvic osteomyelitis in children. Clinical correlates of newer
      scanning methods.
AB  - The records of 18 children with hematogenous pelvic osteomyelitis seen over a
      four-year period were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 7.8 years and
      their most common presenting symptoms were gait disturbance (present in 94%) and
      pain about the hip (61%) with only mild limitation of motion; 11 (61%) of 18
      patients were afebrile at presentation. Although leukocytosis was uncommon, the
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate was almost always elevated (greater than 40 mm/hr
      in 94% of the patients). While initial plain roentgenograms were usually normal,
      gallium citrate Ga 67 and technetium Tc 99m oxidronate scintigrams were abnormal
      in all patients who underwent these studies. Computed tomography proved to be a
      useful complementary study to radionuclide scintigraphy, yielding positive
      findings in nine of 11 cases. Patients presented for medical care a median of 2.5
      days after the onset of symptoms, whereas a longer period of time (median, 7.5
      days) was required to establish the correct diagnosis after presentation for
      care. The only observed complications occurred in two patients in whom there was
      significant delay in institution of therapy. Prevention of complications from
      pelvic osteomyelitis lies in early recognition and appropriate treatment of the
      disease. In our experience, newer imaging techniques facilitate prompt diagnosis.

PMID- 4036932
TI  - Increased urinary excretion of renal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in
      hypercalciuria.
AB  - Urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), a lysosomal enzyme, was
      examined in 33 children with hypercalciuria. Urinary NAG excretion in 13 healthy
      children was 5.84 +/- 9.35 nmole/hr/mg of creatinine (NAG/Cr) (mean +/- SD)
      compared with 35.61 +/- 42.04 nmole/hr/mg of creatinine in 23 children with renal
      hypercalciuria, and 28.99 +/- 13.69 nmole/hr/mg of creatinine in ten children
      with absorptive hypercalciuria. In children with renal hypercalciuria, NAG/Cr
      excretion was not statistically different between children with either
      urolithiasis or hematuria without calculi. In six children with renal
      hypercalciuria, no significant change in NAG/Cr excretion occurred after a mean
      duration of 25 weeks of hydrochlorothiazide therapy although urinary calcium to
      creatinine ratios (UCa/Cr) decreased from 0.24 +/- 0.11 to 0.16 +/- 0.11. We
      conclude that increased urinary calcium excretion produces renal tubular injury
      and that the renal injury may not be reversed by short-term alterations in
      urinary calcium excretion.

PMID- 4036933
TI  - Agenesis of the corpus callosum. Clinical features in 40 children.
AB  - Forty children with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum have been
      prospectively identified and followed up for up to 15 years. Additional physical
      anomalies and diagnoses were frequent. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of
      children were developmentally delayed or retarded. If callosal agenesis was
      diagnosed during infancy, most children had or subsequently developed seizures.
      Older patients had a more favorable outcome and were less likely to develop
      epilepsy.

PMID- 4036934
TI  - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and trichloroethylene exposure.
AB  - A case-control study was carried out to assess the association between
      pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) and working conditions, including
      occupational exposure to organic solvents. Thirteen patients with primary PCI
      were individually matched with controls by sex, age, and admission year. It was
      found that there was a close association between the development of primary PCI
      and occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE). Twelve of 13 patients with
      PCI (92.3%) were found to have been exposed occupationally to TCE, and the
      healing and recurrence of PCI in these patients substantially paralleled the
      profile of their occupational exposure to TCE. Two pairs of patients with PCI had
      been working in the same factories, where they had degreased camera lenses with
      TCE. These results suggest that chronic exposure to TCE could be one of the
      etiological factors in PCI.

PMID- 4036935
TI  - Ethanol, aspirin, ibuprofen, and the gastroduodenal mucosa: an endoscopic
      assessment.
AB  - The effect on the gastroduodenal mucosa of alcohol combined either with aspirin
      or ibuprofen was studied in 60 normal volunteers. The volunteers were divided
      into six groups comprised of 10 subjects receiving ibuprofen, placebo, or aspirin
      with or without alcohol. Medications consisted of 1) three 325-mg aspirin
      tablets, or three identical placebo tablets, 2) one 600-mg ibuprofen tablet, and
      3), three ounces of 100 proof vodka diluted in 6 ounces of orange juice, or
      alcohol placebo made by diluting 3 ounces of water in orange juice. All subjects
      received 4 doses over a 24-hr period and underwent endoscopic examination the
      following morning. The gastroduodenal mucosa was graded according to a 0 to 4 +
      scale. Aspirin caused considerably greater duodenal and gastric damage than did
      either ibuprofen or placebo. The addition of alcohol to all drugs increased the
      damage seen in the stomach but not to a significant degree; this effect was
      slightly more pronounced with ibuprofen than with placebo or aspirin and
      approached significance (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05). These results are
      compatible with alcohol being a mild damaging agent or a potentiating agent for
      damage from other drugs.

PMID- 4036936
TI  - Amyloid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: a report of two cases and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Amyloid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are exceedingly rare. Two cases are
      presented, one in the stomach of a patient who appeared to have systemic
      amyloidosis and one in the colon which appears to be isolated. The treatment was
      surgical excision. Extensive diagnostic work-up is required to evaluate the many
      various possible causes of amyloidosis.

PMID- 4036937
TI  - Intestinal obstruction caused by ingestion of a Heidelberg capsule: report of a
      case.
AB  - A case is reported in which a Heidelberg pH capsule was administered to a patient
      with the stenosing form of Crohn disease. The capsule impacted in the stricture
      resulting in small bowel obstruction ultimately requiring surgical intervention.
      The authors wish to emphasize that a careful history of preexisting intestinal
      disease should be taken before the administration of any nonabsorbable diagnostic
      device.

PMID- 4036938
TI  - Role of delayed indium-111 labeled leukocyte scan in the management of Crohn's
      disease.
AB  - Comparison of nine patients with Crohn's disease who had a positive delayed (24
      hr) 111indium leukocyte scan and 10 patients with negative scan showed no
      significant difference between the two groups for the Crohn's disease activity
      index, sedimentation rate, survival, complications, number of days in hospital,
      outpatient visits, or readmissions. Despite the apparent lack of statistical
      significance in Crohn's disease activity index, the scan was positive in nine of
      16 patients with a Crohn's disease activity index more than 150, and none of
      three patients with Crohn's disease activity index less than 150. In the patients
      studied, there were no false-positive leukocyte scans. In nine of 10 patients
      with ileocolonic disease, scanning results correctly predicted the proper
      management. Six patients with positive scan and enteroclysis responded to medical
      treatment. Four patients had positive enteroclysis and negative scan; of these,
      three had radiographic features of chronic ileal stricture which was confirmed at
      operation. The results suggest that a negative delayed indium-111 leukocyte scan
      may be useful in diagnosis of chronic fibrotic ileal stricture.

PMID- 4036939
TI  - Pharmacokinetic study on the hepatic uptake of indocyanine green in cirrhotic
      patients.
AB  - The mechanism by which the mean blood clearance (CLtot,B) of indocyanine green
      (ICG) was reduced in cirrhotic patients was examined pharmacokinetically. It was
      demonstrated that the reduction in the CLtot,B of ICG in cirrhosis would be
      mainly due to the decrease in the hepatic uptake clearance and partly due to the
      increase in the efflux clearance from the liver to plasma. It is suggested that
      the decrease in the hepatic uptake clearance in cirrhosis mainly reflects the
      decrease in the intrinsic clearance of hepatic uptake rather than the decrease in
      hepatic blood flow.

PMID- 4036940
TI  - Spontaneous neuroma of the bile duct: a case report.
AB  - We report on a 65-year-old man with a stenosis of the bile duct which was caused
      by spontaneous neuroma, with no history of laparotomy. Although he had a
      gallstone and slightly abnormal parameters on liver function tests, he had no
      known history of abdominal pain or jaundice. This is a very rare case of a benign
      stenosis of the common bile duct.

PMID- 4036941
TI  - Hydatid cyst of the liver rupturing into the biliary tract--mimicking acute
      cholecystitis on hepatobiliary scanning.
AB  - Two patients presenting with right upper abdominal colicky pain, jaundice, and
      fever had a hepatobiliary scan using Tc 99m HIDA. The scan was suggestive of
      acute cholecystitis and a space occupying lesion in the liver. On operation,
      liver echinococcosis, located in the right lobe rupturing into the biliary ductal
      system, was found. Intraoperative cholangiography revealed filling defects in the
      main biliary ducts. Exploration of the common bile duct disclosed daughter cysts
      and cystic debris. Acute cholecystitis or stones were not found. We conclude that
      in patients with a clinical picture and HIDA scanning compatible with acute
      cholecystitis and a space occupying lesion in the liver, the diagnosis of hydatid
      cyst of the liver which has ruptured into the biliary tract should be considered.

PMID- 4036942
TI  - Mirizzi syndrome.
AB  - A 56-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of icterus and pruritus
      of 1 month duration. During her evaluation, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography
      revealed large cystic duct stones causing partial obstruction of the common
      hepatic duct. Successful management was accomplished with choledochojejunostomy
      and T-tube decompression. The case herein reported illustrates the typical
      clinical presentation and radiographic features of the Mirizzi syndrome.

PMID- 4036943
TI  - Abstracts submitted for 50th annual scientific meeting, American College of
      Gastroenterology. October 9-11, 1985. Miami Beach, Florida.

PMID- 4036944
TI  - The effects of swallowing frequency and transdermal scopolamine on esophageal
      acid clearance.
AB  - Fourteen volunteers were studied on two occasions to assess the effect of
      swallowing frequency on acid clearance time. The experimental protocol consisted
      of two trials of infusion of 15 ml of 0.1 N HCl into the distal esophagus. One
      trial required swallowing every 30 s for 10 min. The other trial involved an
      initial rapid swallowing rate (seven swallows in the 1st min) with a gradual
      predetermined decline in rate. This procedure was repeated 12 h after application
      of a transdermal scopolamine patch. Baseline clearance times for rapid and slow
      swallowing were not significantly different. The anticholinergic drug
      significantly prolonged the clearance times for both rapid and slow swallowing.
      Under baseline conditions, sequential swallows (after the first three to four
      swallows) produced a significant rise in pH until the clearance criterion of pH
      4.0 was reached. This effect was abolished with the anticholinergic drug. These
      results support a two-stage model of acid clearance with initial volume clearance
      and subsequent salivary buffering of residual intraesophageal acid.

PMID- 4036945
TI  - Physiopathological heterogeneity of the duodenal mechanisms that inhibit gastric
      acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients.
AB  - The effect of duodenal acidification on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid
      secretion was studied in 43 duodenal ulcer patients and in 17 normal controls.
      Three types of responses were observed: group A, no inhibition of gastric acid
      secretion occurred in 17 (40%) ulcer patients and in three (18%) controls (p less
      than 0.05); group B, inhibition of gastric acidity occurred in seven (16%) ulcer
      patients and in 12 (71%) controls (p less than 0.05), and group C, retarded
      gastric acid inhibition occurred in 19 (44%) duodenal ulcer patients and in 2
      (12%) controls (p less than 0.05). Secretin levels did not increase after
      duodenal acidification, the higher percentages of failure being observed in
      groups A and C (p less than 0.05). The pH of the duodenal aspirate was 4.9 +/- 2
      and 7.7 +/- 1.4 in ulcer patients and controls, respectively (p less than 0.05),
      with the low levels being detected in groups A and C (4.7 +/- 2 and 5.3 +/- 2.1)
      compared to group B (7.3 +/- 1.7; p less than 0.05). The results show that
      responses of duodenal ulcer patients to duodenal acidification are heterogeneous,
      and that failure of gastric secretion inhibition and defective intraduodenal acid
      neutralization are related.

PMID- 4036946
TI  - Sorbitol intolerance in adults.
AB  - Sorbitol is a commonly used sugar substitute in "sugar-free" food products.
      Although sorbitol intolerance manifested by abdominal pain, bloating, and
      diarrhea has been observed in children, it has not been well documented in
      adults. Forty-two healthy adults (23 whites, 19 nonwhites) participated in this
      study. After ingestion of 10 g of sorbitol solution, end expiratory breath
      samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 4 h and analyzed for H2
      concentration. Clinical sorbitol intolerance was detected in 43% of the whites
      and 55% of the nonwhites, the difference not being statistically significant.
      However, severe clinical sorbitol intolerance was significantly more prevalent in
      nonwhites (32%) as compared to whites (4%). There was a good correlation between
      the severity of symptoms and the amount of hydrogen exhaled. Dietetic foods, many
      of them containing sorbitol, are very popular with diabetics and "weight
      watchers." Based on our observations, we believe that a large number of adults
      could be suffering from sorbitol-induced nonspecific abdominal symptoms and
      diarrhea. These symptoms could lead to an extensive diagnostic work-up and
      lifelong diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 4036947
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation during colonoscopy: case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - We report a case of ventricular fibrillation during colonoscopy in a patient with
      stable anginal syndrome. Review of the literature and mechanisms of arrhythmia
      are discussed.

PMID- 4036948
TI  - Endoscopic laser symposium.

PMID- 4036949
TI  - Practical considerations of endoscopic laser therapy.
AB  - Endoscopic laser therapy in an institution requires commitment to ongoing
      education and service. Cooperation of physicians and hospital administration,
      along with acceptance by the public, is essential. Planning for equipment,
      personnel, space, operational procedures, safety, and cost is vital. Requirements
      for a functional laser unit are discussed. The case distribution for the initial
      7 months of operation in the Greenwich Hospital Laser Center is presented.

PMID- 4036950
TI  - Endoscopic laboratory with laser: organization, safety, and equipment.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to acquaint potential laser users with important
      practical and technical aspects involved in establishing laser programs in a
      community hospital. Included are considerations of equipment, space, safety,
      staffing, training, and organization.

PMID- 4036951
TI  - Tumor ablation by endoscopic Nd:YAG laser.
AB  - Nd:YAG laser ablation of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract is reviewed.
      Techniques used and problems encountered in the ablation of obstructive tumors is
      discussed and illustrative cases of esophageal and rectal tumor treatment with
      laser using a lumen guide are presented. The improvement in quality and dignity
      of life for patients receiving laser ablation therapy for obstructing tumors of
      the esophagus and colon is demonstrated.

PMID- 4036952
TI  - Laser treatment of esophageal cancer.

PMID- 4036953
TI  - Esophageal moniliasis: a new radiographic presentation.
AB  - A previously unreported manifestation of esophageal moniliasis is described. Two
      patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Kaposi's sarcoma presented
      with solitary esophageal ulcers. Endoscopic biopsy confirmed the clinical
      diagnosis of esophageal moniliasis. The clinical and radiographic features of
      esophageal moniliasis are described.

PMID- 4036954
TI  - Lessons from the Japanese.

PMID- 4036955
TI  - Enzyme activities of cultured erythroblasts.
AB  - The enzyme activities of cultured early erythroid progenitor cells (burst-forming
      unit erythroid, BFU-E) were measured and were compared with the activities of
      mature erythrocytes. The enzyme activity of acetylcholinesterase was not
      detectable in the erythroblasts. The ratios of phosphofructokinase and
      glutathione peroxidase were low due to low enzyme activities in both the
      erythroblasts and erythrocytes. The ratios of triose phosphate isomerase,
      phosphoglycerate kinase, and adenylate kinase were low due to high enzyme
      activities in both the erythroblasts and erythrocytes. The ratios of hexokinase,
      glucose phosphate isomerase, monophosphoglyceromutase, pyruvate kinase, and
      adenosine deaminase were high due to high enzyme activities in the erythroblasts.
      The isozyme of erythroblast hexokinase was of the prototype isozyme I, while
      pyruvate kinase was predominantly of the prototype M2, with two hybrid isozymes
      to the anodal side by electrophoresis. These facts suggest that there is a
      greatly different metabolic pattern during the maturation of the erythroid cells.

PMID- 4036956
TI  - The laboratory use of butylnitrite for the production of methemoglobin.
AB  - The use of volatile butylnitrite in place of sodium nitrite for the in vitro
      production of methemoglobin was explored in studies of G6PD-deficient red cells
      and for measurements of the red cell methemoglobin reductase activity. It was
      found that butylnitrite vapor caused a more rapid oxidation of intracellular
      hemoglobin than sodium nitrite and required fewer washes for removal. Hence a
      more rapid preparation of the cells was possible. Both cytochemical detection of
      G6PD-deficient cells in a female heterozygote for G6PD deficiency and the
      screening test for a methemoglobin reductase deficiency could be performed with
      butylnitrite as well as with sodium nitrite. This small modification of these
      standard procedures promises to save time and facilitate processing of many
      samples during genetic screening of relevant populations.

PMID- 4036957
TI  - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive acute leukemias evolving from a
      myelodysplastic syndrome.
AB  - We have analyzed the distribution of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)
      in 30 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), in connection with
      morphology, cytochemistry, and cytogenetics. All cases in preleukemic phase were
      strictly TdT-negative. At variance, 4 (19%) of 21 cases with subsequent leukemia
      were TdT-positive and showed a pure lymphoid (one case) or a mixed lymphoid
      myelomonocytic (three cases) morphology. The TdT enzymatic activity ranged from 2
      to 21 U/10(8) cells and the percent of positive cells in the immunofluorescence
      test ranged from 10 to 80% of total. All cases were Philadelphia chromosome
      negative. The clonal origin of MDS from the pluripotent stem cell, capable of
      originating both a lymphoid and myeloid progeny, is further corroborated.

PMID- 4036958
TI  - Low-dose arabinosyl cytosine in acute leukemia after a myelodysplastic syndrome
      and in elderly leukemia.
AB  - Low-dose arabinosyl cytosine (ARA-C) was tested in 15 patients with acute
      leukemia after a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and in six elderly patients with
      acute nonlymphoid leukemia (ANLL). The drug was given subcutaneously at 10 mg/m2,
      every 12 hr for 2 weeks, every 28 days. The overall response rate was 19% (one
      complete remission, three partial responses), and the median duration of response
      was 4 months. No particular features at diagnosis were predictive of response.
      Pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia occurred after 44 (78%) of 56 courses of
      therapy and were more severe in nonresponders. Four patients died during the
      aplasia following ARA-C therapy. Subcutaneous low-dose ARA-C was of limited
      benefit and bore a noticeable hematologic toxicity.

PMID- 4036959
TI  - Long-term effect of uninephrectomy on serum creatinine concentration and arterial
      blood pressure.
AB  - Medical records of patients having unilateral nephrectomies done between 1953 and
      1978 at a university hospital were reviewed after 5 to 30 years of follow-up to
      determine if this procedure causes insidious renal insufficiency. Forty patients
      (selected from 571) ranging in age from 20 to 72 years met the following criteria
      for inclusion in the study: subject over 20 years of age at nephrectomy; initial
      serum creatinine concentration less than 1.6 mg/dL; normal arterial blood
      pressure (less than 150/90 mm Hg); absence of risk factors for chronic renal
      disease, eg, systemic lupus erythematosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic
      glomerulonephritis; an initial and a follow-up serum creatinine level; at least 5
      years of follow-up. After a mean follow-up of 11.8 years, paired analysis of
      changes in serum creatinine concentrations showed insignificant differences
      between pre- and post-nephrectomy levels (0.19 +/- 0.11 mg/dL +/- SEM). Only one
      patient had a post-nephrectomy serum creatinine level above 2.0 mg/dL. Six
      patients (four women, two men) developed hypertension (15%) after uninephrectomy,
      an incidence of hypertension not greater than that found in the population at
      large. We conclude that uninephrectomy at ages older than 20 years does not lead
      to renal insufficiency or hypertension in adult patients with normal
      prenephrectomy serum creatinine and blood pressure levels.

PMID- 4036960
TI  - Serum and dialysate concentrations of cephalexin following repeated dosing in
      CAPD patients.
AB  - Oral cephalexin, 1 to 2 g daily for 3 days, was given to six stable, noninfected
      patients receiving maintenance continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
      The peak serum concentration after a 2 g initial dose was between 73 and 123
      mg/L. On the second and third day in five patients who received a 2 g daily oral
      dose, the serum concentrations were between 35 and 118 mg/L in serum obtained 1
      to 1.5 hours after the dosing. Similar serum concentrations were seen in one
      patient who only received a 1 g oral dose on the second and third day. Cephalexin
      concentrations in the peritoneal dialysate reached a peak on the first day
      between 4 to 14 hours after the dose and were between 31 to 78 mg/L. During the
      second and third day, the highest cephalexin concentration was 118 mg/L and the
      lowest was 12 mg/L. The data are consistent with the feasibility of oral
      cephalexin for treatment of CAPD-associated peritonitis with microorganisms that
      are sensitive to these levels of cephalexin.

PMID- 4036961
TI  - Cryoglobulinemia and immune-mediated glomerulonephritis in association with hairy
      cell leukemia.
AB  - The nephrotic syndrome in association with hairy cell leukemia is typically seen
      in the setting of amyloidosis. This report describes a patient with the nephrotic
      syndrome and hairy cell leukemia in whom cryoglobulinemia and an immune-mediated
      glomerulonephritis were seen. While hairy cells have the capacity for
      immunoglobulin production, we were unable to demonstrate a teleological link
      between these cells and the renal lesion. In contrast, there is speculative
      evidence to suggest that indolent infections may have played a causative role in
      cryoglobulin production and the subsequent immune-mediated glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 4036962
TI  - Peritoneo-venous shunting in patients with cirrhotic ascites and end-stage renal
      failure.
AB  - End-stage renal failure supervened in two cirrhotic patients with ascites,
      necessitating maintenance hemodialysis therapy. One patient had a functioning
      LeVeen peritoneo-jugular shunt (Becton-Dickinson, Rutherford, NJ) in place at the
      time that hemodialysis was initiated. In the other patient, a LeVeen shunt was
      inserted 8 months after beginning hemodialysis, after extracorporeal
      ultrafiltration had failed to resolve his ascites. Both patients achieved control
      of their ascites and enjoyed relatively long survival. Our results suggest that,
      in patients with cirrhotic ascites who develop end-stage renal failure,
      successful long-term management can be obtained using a combination of peritoneo
      venous shunting and maintenance hemodialysis.

PMID- 4036963
TI  - Development of a shared database for drug information in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 4036964
TI  - Personal letters to physicians about nonformulary drug orders.

PMID- 4036965
TI  - Industrial pharmacy residency.

PMID- 4036967
TI  - Ethics and integrity of the drug supply.

PMID- 4036966
TI  - Names for PEG-electrolyte lavage solutions.

PMID- 4036968
TI  - Research--the cornerstone of pharmacy practice. Harvey A.K. Whitney lecture.
AB  - Hospital pharmacy's need for a new commitment to research and the attendant
      sharing of responsibilities between pharmacy educators and pharmacy practitioners
      are described. Guided by the same philosophy of professional service that
      motivated early hospital pharmacists, individual pharmacists should work within
      their differentiated roles to advance the profession as a whole. For this
      advancement, research to acquire new knowledge and develop and evaluate new
      services is required. Research enhances the prestige and societal support of a
      profession. Pharmacists with differentiated skills and practice areas must
      support each other to advance the profession, particularly because of limited
      financial resources in both education and practice settings. Universities,
      including schools of pharmacy, have a responsibility for research as well as for
      the transmission of knowledge, and pharmacy faculty members should conduct
      research that supports the advancement of practice. To support research by
      faculty members, pharmacy practitioners can assume greater teaching
      responsibility. Schools of pharmacy and practicing pharmacists can work together
      to support research that will benefit the whole profession and society. Pharmacy
      practice faculty members who maintain a practice base and are involved in
      research have a critical role in this cooperative effort.

PMID- 4036969
TI  - An interdisciplinary method of classifying and monitoring medication errors.
AB  - A system is described for reporting medication errors according to practitioner
      and type and using these data as part of a departmental quality-assessment
      program. Types of errors committed in prescribing, in dispensing, and in
      administering drugs in a teaching hospital were listed. Prescribers' and
      pharmacists' reports of errors committed. Data on dispensing errors by 16 staff
      pharmacists were collected over a 12-month period in 1982-83, and data on
      prescribing by resident physicians were collected during three separate one-month
      periods. For each pharmacist, data on dispensing errors were compiled monthly.
      Pharmacists were counseled if they had a large number of errors in one category,
      a high total number of errors, or a substantial number of errors in a single
      category over several months. Likewise, physicians who committed more errors than
      their department's mean were counseled by the clinical chairman. After 12 months,
      each pharmacist's monthly error rate was compared with the departmental average.
      The number of dispensing errors reported during the study period (average 60.7
      per month for the department) was lower than expected. Serious prescribing errors
      were minimal. In spite of probable underreporting of errors in this voluntary
      system, these methods of classifying medication errors by type and practitioner
      group and of recording error rates were useful tools for monitoring and improving
      performance of pharmacists and prescribers.

PMID- 4036970
TI  - Operation of an allergen-extract pharmacy.
AB  - The quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) systems for a military
      allergen-extract pharmacy are described. The United States Army Allergen Extract
      Laboratory (USAAEL) provides diagnostic and therapeutic allergen-extract
      materials to military personnel throughout the world. More than 40,000
      individualized prescriptions are compounded annually. The staff is composed of
      one pharmacist, 16 medical technicians, and four clerical, two inventory, and
      three supervisory personnel. Each prescription takes about one man-hour to
      prepare. The technicians are trained in aseptic technique, allergen-extract
      compounding, and the diagnosis and treatment of allergies during an eight-week
      program. Following a physician-allergist's evaluation of a patient, a
      prescription is written with a formula itemizing the specific allergen
      components, their relative concentrations, and a treatment schedule. Patient
      profile cards are kept on every patient. A complete record of patient,
      prescriber, demographic data, allergen formula, treatment schedule, lots, and
      initials of personnel responsible at each step allow a thorough assessment for QC
      and QA. The identity and volume of each allergen in every prescription are
      checked twice. A multitiered QC system is used to identify problems and errors. A
      QA and QC assessment was conducted on more than 18,000 prescriptions received
      during a six-month period. More than 99% of all known errors were discovered
      before the prescriptions were dispensed. Allergen-extract prescriptions must be
      accurate, precise, and reproducible to be effective and to avoid adverse
      reactions. Pharmacists can play a vital role in ensuring the optimal quality of
      diagnostic and therapeutic allergen extracts.

PMID- 4036971
TI  - Osmolality of small-volume intravenous admixtures.
AB  - Osmolalities of commonly administered small-volume i.v. admixtures were
      determined, and use of diluents with lower osmolality to achieve osmolality
      values less than 400 mOsm/kg was studied. The theoretical osmolality of 218
      hypothetical admixtures of various concentrations of 34 injectable drugs in 50-
      or 100-mL quantities of 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection
      was calculated using sodium chloride equivalents. If the calculated osmolality
      value was greater than 400 mOsm/kg, an actual admixture was prepared and
      osmolality and density were measured. To determine how admixtures with osmolality
      values less than 400 mOsm/kg could be prepared, theoretical osmolality was
      calculated using 0.45% sodium chloride injection or sterile water for injection
      as the diluent. The calculated osmolality value was greater than 400 mOsm/kg for
      52 (23.9%) of the 218 admixtures tested. Of the 52 measured osmolality values, 47
      were within 15% of the calculated value. Calculated osmolality values for all
      admixtures were less than 400 mOsm/kg when 0.45% sodium chloride injection or
      sterile water for injection was used as the diluent. Admixture osmolality should
      be considered when preparing drugs for i.v. injection. For drugs with high
      osmolalities, 0.45% sodium chloride injection or sterile water for injection may
      be used as the diluent.

PMID- 4036972
TI  - Cost savings associated with use of gentamicin versus tobramycin.
AB  - A hospital's use and costs of tobramycin sulfate versus gentamicin sulfate before
      and after a tobramycin use review were compared. Retrospective audits of 100
      charts of adult patients in a 515-bed hospital were performed for two six-month
      periods in 1983-84. Tobramycin use was considered appropriate in patients with
      serum creatinine concentrations greater than 1.5 mg/dL or pre-existing renal
      disease, in any patient over 70 years of age, and in patients with neutropenia,
      documented pseudomonas infection, or infection with an organism shown to be
      resistant to gentamicin but sensitive to tobramycin. Tobramycin use was not
      justifiable in 37 (18.7%) of 198 patients whose charts were evaluable. Use of
      gentamicin in these 37 patients would have saved $14,300. The infection control
      committee was notified of the audit results; the audit results and
      recommendations for tobramycin use were included in a letter to all physicians;
      and the infectious disease service held educational conferences on tobramycin
      use. In the first six months after the corrective measures, mean monthly
      tobramycin use decreased by 38% and gentamicin use increased by 48.9%. Total
      aminoglycoside costs decreased 30.2% and total aminoglycoside use decreased
      12.5%. In the second six months after intervention, mean monthly tobramycin use
      was 11% less than before intervention, and mean monthly gentamicin use was 13%
      greater than before intervention. Total aminoglycoside costs were 3.6% less and
      total aminoglycoside use was 4% less than before the audit. The tobramycin use
      audit and subsequent interventions with prescribers were effective in reducing
      tobramycin use and costs for approximately six months; decreases in tobramycin
      use and costs were smaller during the second six months after intervention.

PMID- 4036973
TI  - Stability of mitomycin admixtures.
AB  - The stability of mitomycin in admixtures for continuous intravenous infusion was
      studied. Mitomycin was reconstituted and diluted to 50 micrograms/mL in polyvinyl
      chloride minibags containing 5% dextrose injection 50 mL or 0.9% sodium chloride
      injection 50 mL. Additional mitomycin admixtures were reconstituted with a buffer
      solution containing monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate; these were diluted
      with 5% dextrose injection only. Admixtures were stored at room temperature (27
      30 degrees C) and refrigerated temperature (5 degrees C) for 120 days. Mitomycin
      concentrations in each admixture were tested by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) immediately after admixture and at intervals during
      storage. Ultraviolet spectra were determined at the same time as HPLC analysis,
      and the admixtures were visually inspected and tested for pH. Mitomycin
      concentrations decreased rapidly in the unbuffered admixtures; after 12 hours at
      room temperature, less than 26% of the drug remained in the dextrose admixture.
      When the unbuffered admixtures were refrigerated for 12 hours, the mitomycin
      concentrations decreased 10% in the sodium chloride admixtures and 33% in the
      dextrose admixtures; after 24 hours, the percentages of drug loss were 23% and
      42%, respectively. Mitomycin concentrations in the buffered admixtures showed no
      substantial decrease during 120 days at 5 degrees C. At room temperature,
      concentrations decreased 10% after 15 days. When the admixture is buffered to a
      pH of approximately 7.8, mitomycin is stable in 5% dextrose injection for up to
      15 days at room temperature and at least 120 days at 5 degrees C. Unbuffered
      mitomycin admixtures should not be stored or administered by prolonged i.v.
      infusion.

PMID- 4036974
TI  - Diabetes dialogue: the spectrum of defects in non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 4036975
TI  - Multicenter collaborative evaluation of a standardized serum bactericidal test as
      a prognostic indicator in infective endocarditis.

PMID- 4036976
TI  - Runner's macrocytosis: a clue to footstrike hemolysis.

PMID- 4036977
TI  - What is the art of medicine?

PMID- 4036978
TI  - Cost containment in an equilibrium state.

PMID- 4036979
TI  - Correction of hypocitraturia and prevention of stone formation by combined
      thiazide and potassium citrate therapy in thiazide-unresponsive hypercalciuric
      nephrolithiasis.
AB  - Thirteen patients with hypercalciuric calcium nephrolithiasis continued to form
      calcium stones when treated with thiazide (4.69 +/- 6.62 [mean +/- SD] stones per
      patient-year to 5.12 +/- 10.87 stones per patient-year), despite adequate
      hypocalciuric response (a reduction in urinary calcium levels from 303 +/- 119 mg
      per day to 193 +/- 88 mg per day, p less than 0.01). Because they had
      hypocitraturia (250 +/- 86 mg per day versus 643 +/- 236 mg per day in normal
      subjects, p less than 0.001), potassium citrate (10 to 20 meq three times per
      day) was added to the ongoing treatment program. During combined treatment with
      thiazide and potassium citrate, urinary pH significantly rose, and normal levels
      of urinary citrate were restored. Ten patients stopped forming new stones and all
      13 had reduced stone formation rate. Thus, potassium citrate supplementation
      should be considered in patients requiring thiazide therapy for the control of
      hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, especially if they have concurrent hypocitraturia
      or if it develops during thiazide therapy.

PMID- 4036980
TI  - Clinical significance of the elevated anion gap.
AB  - To determine the clinical significance of a high anion gap (more than 16
      meq/liter), consecutive patients in whom electrolyte determinations were made in
      an emergency room and who had either a normal (8 to 16 meq/liter) (n = 571) or a
      high (n = 100) anion gap were contrasted. No differences were noted between the
      groups with regard to age or length of stay in the hospital, but in the group
      with a high anion gap, there was an increased severity and frequency of multiple
      electrolyte disorders, and higher general admission rates (66 percent with high
      anion gap versus 51 percent with normal anion gap, p less than 0.02), rates of
      admission to an intensive care unit (25 percent with high anion gap versus 14
      percent with normal anion gap, p less than 0.03), and mortality within one week
      of admission (12 percent with high anion gap versus 0.5 percent with normal anion
      gap, p less than 0.001) as compared with the group with a normal anion gap.
      Notably, patients without severe electrolyte abnormalities and a high anion gap
      had higher admission rates and a 50-fold increased mortality rate as compared
      with the group without severe electrolyte disturbances and a normal anion gap.
      Thus, an elevated anion gap is associated with an increased severity of illness
      that is independent of concomitant severe electrolyte abnormalities. Patients
      with a normal or high anion gap that survived the first week of hospitalization
      were shown to have an extremely low risk for mortality.

PMID- 4036981
TI  - Plasma cell dyscrasia with marrow fibrosis. Clinicopathologic syndrome.
AB  - Five new cases of plasma cell dyscrasia with coexistent myelofibrosis are
      described and six previously reported cases are reviewed. Four of the new
      patients and two from the literature had features of a previously unrecognized
      syndrome. This syndrome was characterized by significant paraprotein levels,
      marked marrow fibrosis, and plasmacytosis, without features of extramedullary
      hematopoiesis (agnogenic myeloid metaplasia) and leukoerythroblastosis. These
      patients were generally severely anemic and commonly leukopenic and
      thrombocytopenic. In contrast, one of the new patients and four in the literature
      showed classic features of the myeloproliferative disease, myelofibrosis with
      agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, along with features of typical multiple myeloma.

PMID- 4036982
TI  - Polymyalgia rheumatica. Duration of therapy and long-term outcome.
AB  - The duration of therapy and outcome were examined in 76 patients with polymyalgia
      rheumatica without evidence of temporal arteritis at presentation. Seventy-five
      patients received corticosteroids, with a mean prednisone dosage of 22.8 mg per
      day initially. Duration of therapy was assessed using life-table methods. No
      significant difference could be ascertained between groups segregated on the
      basis of age, sex, or initial steroid dosage. The median duration of therapy was
      37.3 months. It was estimated that 40 percent of patients will require therapy
      longer than four years. Corticosteroids were permanently discontinued in 31
      patients after a mean of 23.7 months of therapy. The data support the concept of
      two patient populations--one with limited disease and another requiring long-term
      therapy. Relapses were frequent, occurring in 56 percent of patients. Evolution
      of arteritis during the course of therapy was infrequent, occurring in only one
      patient. Steroid-related adverse effects occurred in 22.7 percent of patients and
      were more common in females. The data suggest that, although corticosteroids may
      be discontinued in some patients with polymyalgia rheumatica, prolonged therapy
      is required in a significant number.

PMID- 4036983
TI  - Adverse effects due to morphine sulfate. Challenge to previous clinical doctrine.
AB  - Despite a lack of clinical data in this area, conventional wisdom holds that
      morphine sulfate induces vagally mediated conduction defects, especially in
      patients with inferior myocardial infarction. To assess the accuracy of this
      "clinical pearl," the records of 244 patients admitted to the Barnes Hospital
      Cardiac Care Unit with suspected acute myocardial infarction were reviewed to
      determine the frequency of deleterious cardiovascular effects related to the
      administration of morphine sulfate. Of 184 patients (156 subsequently documented
      to have infarction) who received morphine sulfate, four patients had symptomatic
      hypotension temporally associated with morphine sulfate administration. This
      represented a frequency of 2.2 percent for all patients treated with morphine
      sulfate and a frequency of 2.6 percent in those with proved infarction. In each
      instance, the heart rate response was inappropriate, i.e., decreased or less
      markedly accelerated than might be expected given the reduced blood pressure,
      suggesting a vagal mechanism for the adverse effects. Only one of the four
      patients had inferior infarction, and in three of four instances, the adverse
      effect occurred after the first dose. All patients subsequently received morphine
      sulfate without evidence of toxicity. No case of narcotic-induced conduction
      abnormality was identified. This series, which is the most extensive evaluation
      of the topic, documents that adverse cardiovascular effects due to morphine
      sulfate are rare and do not conform to preconceived clinical doctrine. They
      consist of inappropriate heart rate responses to hypotension rather than
      conduction defects and are not particularly associated with inferior myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 4036984
TI  - Low-dose methotrexate treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Long-term observations.
AB  - Of 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who began to receive low-dose weekly
      methotrexate up to five years ago, 15 (71 percent) have continued to take this
      drug for a mean of 42 months and have received a mean total dose of 2,021 mg
      (range: 915 to 3,075). The clinical improvement noted at the first follow-up (11
      months) was sustained throughout this follow-up period (42 months). Three
      patients (14 percent) have had complete clinical remission and nine others (43
      percent) have had an excellent response. Methotrexate was discontinued in four
      patients between the first and second follow-up because of planned pregnancy
      (one), gastrointestinal toxicity (two), and fear of toxicity (one). Liver
      toxicity assessed in these 21 patients and four others receiving long-term
      methotrexate therapy revealed acute hepatitis in one and elevated transaminase
      levels in 12 (48 percent). Liver biopsy specimens in 17 patients after a mean of
      1,950 mg of methotrexate (range: 915 to 3,125) revealed mild fibrosis in six and
      no cirrhosis. Methotrexate can continue to suppress rheumatoid synovitis over a
      prolonged period of time with minimal toxicity in most patients. Hepatic fibrosis
      and cirrhosis due to methotrexate may be less common in rheumatoid arthritis than
      has been reported in psoriasis.

PMID- 4036985
TI  - The carcinoid syndrome: comparison of 21 necropsy subjects with carcinoid heart
      disease to 15 necropsy subjects without carcinoid heart disease.
AB  - Carcinoid heart disease is a morphologically specific type of cardiac disorder
      that involves the mural and valvular endocardium on the right side of the heart.
      Twenty-one subjects (57 percent) (Group I) with carcinoid heart disease and 15
      subjects (43 percent) (Group II) without carcinoid heart disease were studied at
      necropsy. The two groups were similar in mean age (54 years versus 55 years),
      duration of clinical illness (4.7 years versus 6.3 years), body weight (50 kg
      versus 52 kg), systemic blood pressure (117/77 mm Hg versus 128/77 mm Hg), blood
      hematocrit levels (37 percent versus 36 percent), total serum protein levels (6.0
      g/dl), and serum albumin levels (2.2 g/dl versus 2.6 g/dl). The two groups were
      different in the frequency of the presence of precordial murmurs consistent with
      tricuspid regurgitation and/or pulmonic stenosis (95 percent versus 13 percent),
      cardiomegaly by chest radiography (38 percent versus 0), low voltage on
      electrocardiography (47 percent versus 0), and location of the primary site of
      the carcinoid tumor. Total electrocardiographic 12-lead QRS voltage was similar
      in each group (105 mm versus 132 mm) (10 mm = 1 mV). Of Group I subjects, 43
      percent died of cardiac causes; none of the Group II subjects died of cardiac
      causes. Of the 21 subjects with carcinoid heart disease, seven had left-sided
      cardiac involvement, but in none was it of functional significance. Thus,
      although carcinoid heart disease frequently is the cause of death in patients
      with the carcinoid syndrome, the development of carcinoid heart disease is not
      related to the duration of symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome.

PMID- 4036986
TI  - Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. Clinical review and summary of the
      Vanderbilt experience with multi-modality therapy.
AB  - Inflammatory breast cancer is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that accounts
      for 1 percent of all cases of breast cancer. The diagnosis should be strongly
      suspected on the basis of the distinctive clinical findings, which include edema
      of the breast, inflammation, wheals, and a typical reddish-purple color of the
      overlying skin. Pathologic examination usually shows infiltration of the dermal
      lymphatics with carcinoma. Evidence of distant metastatic spread is more frequent
      than with other types of breast cancer and is seen in approximately 30 percent of
      patients. The five-year disease-free survival rate is less than 5 percent when
      local therapy alone (mastectomy and/or local radiotherapy) is used. The addition
      of combination chemotherapy to high-dose local radiotherapy has improved the five
      year survival rate to approximately 30 percent. The potential for long-term
      survival is limited to the subgroup of patients with only local-regional disease
      at the time of diagnosis. Patients with inflammatory breast cancer should be
      treated with combined-modality therapy using combination chemotherapy and high
      dose radiotherapy to the breast, since this approach is potentially curative. The
      fatalism formerly associated with this diagnosis is no longer warranted,
      particularly in patients with local-regional disease. Failure to employ intensive
      combined-modality treatment will deny some patients a chance for long-term
      survival.

PMID- 4036987
TI  - Fever of unknown origin in a 71-year-old woman.

PMID- 4036988
TI  - Pituitary apoplexy, the Houssay phenomenon, and accelerated proliferative
      retinopathy.
AB  - A 42-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and probably acromegaly had a pituitary
      apoplexy with left-sided oculomotor palsy. There was an immediate fall in blood
      glucose concentration. Pituitary insufficiency promptly developed. Blood glucose
      levels remained normal for the next two years. During the first year after the
      pituitary apoplexy, severe proliferative retinopathy developed in the left eye,
      which became almost blind. Only mild retinopathy was present on the right side.
      Plasma concentrations of growth hormone remained low after the apoplexy, and the
      acromegalic features subsided. The explanation of these findings may be that the
      proliferative retinal angiopathy was caused by compression of the cavernous sinus
      at the time of the apoplexy. This would lead to impaired venous drainage, thus
      resembling occlusion of the central retinal vein, which may cause retinopathy
      similar to that seen in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4036989
TI  - Constrictive pericarditis after myocardial infarction. Sequela of anticoagulant
      induced hemopericardium.
AB  - Hemopericardium developed following adequate (and not excessive) anticoagulation
      in a patient with acute transmural anterior myocardial infarction and an early
      pericardial friction rub. Drainage of a bloody effusion by pericardiocentesis did
      not prevent progression to constrictive pericarditis within one year. The
      clinical features of this case and of the only two other similar occurrences
      reported in the medical literature are described and lead to a discussion of
      therapeutic and preventive measures.

PMID- 4036990
TI  - Fibrinolysis and acquired alpha-2 plasmin inhibitor deficiency in amyloidosis.
AB  - A patient with plasma cell myeloma and amyloidosis presented with a severe
      bleeding disorder. There was laboratory evidence of fibrinolysis and severe
      deficiency of alpha-2 plasmin inhibitor. Treatment with epsilon aminocaproic acid
      was associated with diminished bleeding and marked increase in the plasmin
      inhibitor level. This is the first report of acquired alpha-2 plasmin inhibitor
      deficiency in the fibrinolytic state associated with amyloidosis.

PMID- 4036991
TI  - Listeriosis in patients with long-term hemodialysis and transfusional iron
      overload.
AB  - Over a four-year interval, four cases of Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia were
      observed among a population of 127 patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.
      None had an underlying malignancy or were recently receiving immunosuppressive
      medications. A search for a predisposing factor suggested a relationship to
      transfusional iron overload. Although still a rare infection, the possibility of
      listeriosis must be kept in mind by physicians caring for patients undergoing
      hemodialysis, particularly those requiring blood transfusions.

PMID- 4036993
TI  - Family acceptance of home apnea monitors.
AB  - Home monitoring for apnea patients has been called a stressful situation for
      family members. A 28-item questionnaire was used to ascertain the impact of home
      monitoring on the families of children with infantile apnea. Forty of 71 families
      returned the questionnaire. The majority of respondents felt the stress of home
      monitoring to be minimal (42.5%) to moderate (37.5%). All respondents favored
      home monitoring with 80% of parents reporting that the monitor had alerted them
      to at least one significant apnea or bradycardia episode during the first month
      of use. Half of parents reported more than five significant alarms in the first
      month of use. Financial hardship on the family was reported to be minimal. A few
      parents related significant strain on marital and other sibling-parent
      relationships. Concerns most commonly voiced were mechanical problems (70%),
      difficulty in locating qualified and willing babysitters (62.5%), and desire for
      more concrete information from the physician regarding the child's medical
      problem (40.0%). These results confirm good acceptance of home monitors by the
      family and offer direction in dealing with the families' primary concerns.

PMID- 4036992
TI  - Stimulating effect of fructose 1-6 diphosphate on the phagocytic function of rat
      RES and on human leukocyte carbohydrate metabolism.
AB  - The phagocytic behavior of the reticuloendothelial system in the rat was assessed
      by a quantitative technique following fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP)
      administration. In addition, the effect of FDP on the carbohydrate metabolism of
      human leukocytes was investigated. The rate of colloidal carbon clearance from
      the blood was increased significantly in the FDP-treated rats as compared to
      dextrose and saline controls (p less than 0.001). FDP also attenuated the hepatic
      decrease of ATP (p less than 0.005) and creatine phosphate (p less than 0.005)
      that has been observed after intravenous administration of colloidal carbon.
      Carbohydrate metabolism in human leukocytes was enhanced by FDP, with a
      concomitant increase in ATP content (p less than 0.001). Experimental evidence
      suggests that FDP intervenes in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway both as a metabolic
      regulator and as a high energy substrate. These properties of FDP in stimulating
      the carbohydrate metabolism have recently been described in man.

PMID- 4036994
TI  - Repeated first-trimester pregnancy loss: evaluation and management.
AB  - The clinical management of repetitive first-trimester pregnancy loss is
      handicapped by inadequate answers to four fundamental questions. These questions
      center around understanding the true scope of the problem, differentiating
      between euploidic and aneuploidic loss, identifying the parental source of the
      gametogenic error, and clarifying the role of molecular developmental mutants in
      euploidic abortion. In spite of these limitations a diagnostic and therapeutic
      program is outlined for couples with repetitive early abortion. Informational
      gaps are identified and the future role of molecular biology in clarifying some
      of these issues is optimistically outlined.

PMID- 4036995
TI  - Receiver operating characteristic analysis of glycosylated hemoglobin and the
      standard test for carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy.

PMID- 4036996
TI  - Preeclampsia and fetal heart rate decelerations.

PMID- 4036997
TI  - The risk of serious complications from induced abortion: do personal
      characteristics make a difference?
AB  - We examined the age, gestational age, parity, race, and number of previous
      spontaneous and induced abortions of 82,030 women who obtained abortions at less
      than or equal to 24 weeks' gestation. Among these women, 342 (0.4%) had serious
      complications, including 130 (0.2%) with fever greater than or equal to 38
      degrees C for 3 or more days, 172 (0.2%) who required transfusions, 67 (0.1%) who
      required unintended surgery, and three who died. Factors significantly (p less
      than 0.05) associated with serious complications varied by period of gestation,
      including previous induced abortions (adjusted relative risk = 1.57, 95%
      confidence interval = 1.03 to 2.40) for procedures done at less than or equal to
      12 weeks' gestation, advancing age (relative risk for a 5-year increment = 1.12,
      95% confidence interval = 1.01 to 1.24), and advancing gestational age (relative
      risk for a 2-week increment = 1.50, 95% confidence interval = 1.43 to 1.57) for
      procedures done at greater than 12 weeks, and greater than or equal to 1 previous
      delivery (relative risk = 1.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.03 to 1.75) for all
      gestational ages. Although Hispanic women had higher rates of complications
      compared with white women, data were not available to control for socioeconomic
      status in comparing race groups. There was no significant association between
      previous spontaneous abortions and serious complications. Risk patterns were
      similar, but not identical, when fever, operation, and transfusion were
      considered separately.

PMID- 4036998
TI  - Associations between unfavorable outcomes in successive pregnancies.
AB  - Spontaneous abortions in preceding pregnancies were associated with a
      significantly increased risk of preterm births (less than 37 weeks) and
      intrauterine growth retardation in the index pregnancies that followed next, even
      when the effects of risk factors for the index pregnancy were controlled. The
      predictive effect of the earlier spontaneous abortion was independent of the
      effect of the risk factors, even though the latter's effect was over twice as
      great as indicated by odds ratios. The most serious types of severe intrauterine
      growth retardation occurred more frequently in high-risk than in low-risk
      pregnancies. Among mothers whose previous pregnancy resulted in low birth weight,
      the current pregnancy almost always had one or more risk factors.

PMID- 4036999
TI  - Effects of hypoxemic events on breathing, body movements, and heart rate
      variation: a study in growth-retarded human fetuses.
AB  - In 14 growth-retarded human fetuses, breathing and body movements were studied
      before, during, and after late heart rate decelerations. Heart rate variation was
      measured before and after the decelerations. Breathing and body movements were
      significantly reduced during and after the deceleration. Heart rate variation was
      reduced after the decelerative episode. Since late heart rate decelerations are
      presumably signs of acute fetal hypoxemia, there is evidence that these
      reductions are caused by hypoxemia. The results suggest, furthermore, that just
      as in fetal sheep, these changes might be mediated by a change in brain activity
      state.

PMID- 4037000
TI  - The effect of different human chorionic gonadotropin assay sensitivity on
      screening for ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - The distribution of human chorionic gonadotropin levels in 184 patients with
      ectopic pregnancy is examined. The impact of changing the sensitivity of human
      chorionic gonadotropin testing on the incidence of false negative results is
      discussed. Pregnancy blood tests with a detection threshold of 200 mIU/ml were
      associated with an 11.9% incidence of false negative results.

PMID- 4037001
TI  - Fetal distress secondary to vancomycin-induced maternal hypotension.

PMID- 4037002
TI  - Predictive value of roll-over test in women with mild preeclampsia.
AB  - Fifty women with mild preeclampsia underwent a roll-over test upon admission and
      again during treatment. The results of the second test showed significant
      correlation with the severity of the disease and the clinical course until
      delivery.

PMID- 4037003
TI  - Serous cystadenocarcinoma as incidental finding during a repeat cesarean section.
AB  - Primary ovarian carcinoma and pregnancy are rarely found to coexist. We report
      here a case of cystadenocarcinoma discovered as an incidental finding during an
      elective cesarean section in a 26-year-old woman.

PMID- 4037004
TI  - Intrauterine atrial fibrillation associated with fetomaternal hemorrhage.
AB  - Atrial fibrillation is an arrhythmia that is rarely diagnosed in utero. We report
      a case of fetal atrial fibrillation documented by antepartum echocardiography
      associated with a fetomaternal hemorrhage.

PMID- 4037005
TI  - Dipeptide transport in brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from normal term
      human placenta.
AB  - We studied the transport of glycylsarcosine by the brush-border membrane vesicles
      isolated from normal term human placentas. This dipeptide resisted hydrolysis by
      placental membrane vesicles and was transported intact into an osmotically
      responsive intravesicular space. The transport process was Na+-independent and
      probably occurred down a concentration gradient. Many peptides inhibited the
      transport of glycylsarcosine whereas amino acids had no effect. These results
      demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of a dipeptide transport system in
      the human placenta.

PMID- 4037007
TI  - Effect of parenteral magnesium sulfate on penicillin-induced seizure foci in
      anesthetized cats.
AB  - The use of magnesium sulfate as an anticonvulsant remains controversial. The
      effect of parenteral magnesium sulfate on established penicillin-induced seizure
      foci in anesthetized cats was studied. After induction of an epileptic focus by
      application of penicillin to the cerebral cortex, experimental animals were
      infused intravenously with magnesium sulfate, whereas control animals received
      normal saline solution at an equivalent rate. Experimental animals achieved a
      mean serum magnesium level of 11.73 +/- 2.00 mg/dl. Analysis of the
      electroencephalogram recordings demonstrated no significant difference in
      epileptic spike activity between the experimental and control groups. The
      critical importance of adequate controls in studies of this type is stressed.

PMID- 4037006
TI  - Content of the collagen and elastin cross-links pyridinoline and the desmosines
      in the human uterus in various reproductive states.
AB  - During pregnancy the collagen content of the human uterus increases sevenfold and
      the elastin content increases fourfold to fivefold. The stable pyridinoline cross
      link is found in uterine collagen at a level of 0.11 mol per mole of collagen.
      The same ratio, or a higher one, is found at the end of pregnancy, indicating
      that pyridinoline synthesis keeps pace with the rapid synthesis of collagen. This
      cross-link would participate in the maintenance of high mechanical strength of
      the uterus needed during parturition. Uterine elastin contains 2.4 residues of
      desmosine plus isodesmosine in 1000 residues of amino acids. This value falls to
      0.95 at term, indicating that synthesis of desmosines does not keep pace with the
      synthesis of elastin. Therefore, desmosine measurements do not provide an
      accurate index of elastin changes in pregnancy. Collagen and elastin contents in
      nongravid uteri increase with successive pregnancies; the cross-links remain
      constant during this change.

PMID- 4037008
TI  - Autologous antibodies eluted from membrane fragments isolated from the effusions
      of human ovarian epithelial neoplasms. I. Quantitation of antibodies.
AB  - Cyst and ascites fluids from patients with ovarian epithelial neoplasms contain
      large amounts of soluble immunoglobulins without detectable antibody activity
      against human ovarian tumor cell lines by indirect immunofluorescence. Membrane
      fragments were prepared from 56 human ovarian effusions, and the presence of
      membrane-bound IgG, IgA, and IgM was demonstrated. The predominant membrane-bound
      immunoglobulin class was IgG, which ranged from 18 to 4275 ng/ml on samples
      tested, whereas IgA was present in the range of 5 to 52 ng/ml. The autologous
      membrane-bound antibodies strongly recognized cell-surface antigens on four human
      ovarian cell lines and four surgical specimens of human ovarian adenocarcinoma
      but did not react with normal human ovaries, non-ovarian normal and neoplastic
      tissues, or non-ovarian human cell lines by indirect immunofluorescence assay.
      These studies indicate that patients with ovarian cancer have the capability of
      recognizing and forming antibodies against autologous ovarian tumor-associated
      antigens.

PMID- 4037009
TI  - Preterm rupture of the membranes: combination therapy.
AB  - Preterm rupture of the membranes poses perhaps the greatest threat to perinatal
      survival. Unfortunately, the literature leaves us in a quandry as to the
      management of the problem. At the Medical University of South Carolina for the
      past 3 years, aspects of both active and passive management have been used.
      Vaginal pool phospholipid analysis, the use of corticosteroids whenever
      appropriate, and tocolysis (in an attempt to gain 48 hours) were used in 96
      consecutive patients with premature rupture of the membranes between 26 and 36
      weeks' gestation. Decisions about delivery were dictated by spontaneous onset of
      labor and/or evidence of chorioamnionitis. This regimen prolonged gestation an
      average of 4.6 days. Maternal and neonatal infectious morbidity was uncommon.
      Clinical chorioamnionitis was diagnosed in 5.2% of mothers, and only 8.5% of all
      neonates had evidence of serious infection. Respiratory distress syndrome was
      seen in 12.8% of neonates. There were only three perinatal deaths, and most
      babies (92.5%) were discharged without residual problems (average hospital stay,
      18.1 days). A detailed analysis of the group by gestational age categories will
      be presented.

PMID- 4037010
TI  - Report of a successful delivery after nonsurgical management of a choriocarcinoma
      related pelvic arteriovenous fistula.
AB  - A case of a pelvic arteriovenous fistula is described 5 years after treatment of
      trophoblastic disease. Hypogastric embolization, rather than an operation, was
      used to obliterate the fistula. Pregnancy occurred 1 year later and a healthy
      infant was delivered. This is the first report of a delivery after angiographic
      management alone.

PMID- 4037011
TI  - Management of stage IA carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - One hundred fourteen patients with Stage IA carcinoma of the cervix were
      retrospectively reviewed in regard to depth of invasion, capillary-like space
      involvement, stromal reaction, status of conization margins, and the incidence of
      lymph node metastasis. Type of treatment, recurrences, and deaths were also
      evaluated. Patients with less than 3 mm invasion can be treated conservatively,
      including conization, if fertility is desired. No lymph node metastasis or
      recurrence appeared in this group of patients irrespective of type of treatment.
      Patients with 3 to 5 mm invasion do appear to be at higher risk for recurrence,
      but conservative therapy may be used in individualized situations. Size of
      conization and status of surgical margins appear to be important determining
      factors in regard to conservative therapy. Data in the literature, as well as our
      experience, although limited, suggest that the status of capillary-like space
      involvement does not influence lymph node metastasis or recurrence. Invasion of 5
      mm or more in depth should be treated as a Stage IB occult lesion.

PMID- 4037012
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus and reproductive function: a case-control study.
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus characteristically afflicts women of reproductive
      age, yet the explanation for this feature is unknown. This hospital-based, case
      control study of 109 incident cases of systemic lupus erythematosus and 109
      randomly selected controls was conducted to search for risk factors related to
      reproduction. Women who were 34 years of age and younger had a crude risk of
      systemic lupus erythematosus 3.6 times that of older women, and women who were of
      minority races had a crude risk 4.8 times that of white women (P less than
      0.001). Prior hysterectomy or tubal sterilization had a significant protective
      effect (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.31 to 0.99). Endometriosis
      was associated with a twofold increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus,
      although this was not statistically significant. The latter two findings are
      consistent with the hypothesis that retrograde menstruation may be an inciting
      factor for systemic lupus erythematosus in susceptible women.

PMID- 4037013
TI  - Intraperitoneal chromic phosphate P 32 suspension therapy of malignant peritoneal
      cytology in endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - Malignant peritoneal cytology in patients with endometrial carcinoma is a poor
      prognostic feature, identifying patients at high risk for early intra-abdominal
      recurrence. Between 1977 and January, 1983, 65 women with endometrial carcinoma
      who had malignant peritoneal cytology were treated with adjuvant intraperitoneal
      radioactive chromic phosphate P 32 suspension. Fifty-three patients (80%) were
      clinical Stage I, nine (14%) were Stage II, and three (7%) were clinical Stage
      III. Life-table estimates of disease-free survival were 89% for clinical Stage I
      patients and 94% for surgical Stage I patients beyond 24 months. One patient
      developed an intraperitoneal recurrence, four had simultaneous intraperitoneal
      and extraperitoneal recurrences, and six developed recurrences outside of the
      peritoneal cavity. Few significant acute complications occurred after therapy
      with radioactive chromic phosphate P 32 suspension. Chronic intestinal morbidity
      that required surgical correction was encountered in five of 17 patients (29%)
      who received adjuvant pelvic radiation, compared to none of the 48 patients (0%)
      who received only radioactive chromic phosphate P 32 suspension (p less than
      0.001). Intraperitoneal instillation of radioactive chromic phosphate P 32
      suspension is effective therapy for patients with malignant peritoneal cytology
      from endometrial carcinoma. Caution should be exercised when radioactive chromic
      phosphate P 32 suspension and external radiation therapy are combined.

PMID- 4037014
TI  - Homologous insemination--revisited.
AB  - Between July 1, 1969, and December 31, 1983, 1774 patients were evaluated in the
      private infertility clinic at the University of Virginia Hospital. Homologous
      artificial insemination was performed in 158 patients for the following
      indications: male factor (75.3%), cervical factor (16.7%), sperm deposition
      problem (3.7%), patient's request (2.5%), and immunologic factor (1.8%). Whole
      ejaculate insemination was performed in 68 patients; split ejaculates were used
      in 90 women. Additional fertility factors in 140 patients included endometriosis,
      anatomic abnormalities, and ovulatory difficulties. Of the 158 women, 23 (14.6%)
      had a total of 27 pregnancies (mean number of cycles, 5.7); 135 failed to
      conceive during treatment with homologous artificial insemination (mean number of
      cycles, 8.4). Most pregnancies (70.4%) occurred in those patients in whom
      homologous artificial insemination was used for a male factor. Among the 135
      couples who failed to conceive with homologous artificial insemination, 20
      (14.8%) patients subsequently had 25 pregnancies. Male factor had been the
      indication for homologous artificial insemination in 72% of the couples.
      Pregnancy outcomes were similar in all subgroups. Homologous artificial
      insemination may not be indicated for male factor-related infertility.

PMID- 4037015
TI  - Pregnant women with Munchausen syndrome.
AB  - Munchausen syndrome is relatively common in pregnant women. Ten cases are
      presented. The symptoms may be anything that will achieve hospital admission. Our
      experience suggests that the patients be allowed to consider themselves ill so
      that escalation of their illness can be avoided.

PMID- 4037016
TI  - Biologic and morphologic development of donated human ova recovered by
      nonsurgical uterine lavage.
AB  - Using uterine lavage performed 5 days after the luteinizing hormone peak, we
      collected 25 uterine ova from five fertile donors who had had a single,
      periovular artificial insemination. After examination, all recovered ova were
      transferred to recipient uteri and resulted in three intrauterine and one tubal
      pregnancy. Morphologic development ranged from degenerating single-cell ova to
      mature blastocysts. Ages of the ova at recovery ranged from 93.5 to 130.0 hours
      postovulation. Mean age of the five blastocysts, 109.1 hours, was not
      significantly different from the mean age of the 20 less mature ova, 108.1 hours.
      Neither the mean interval from insemination to recovery for blastocysts nor the
      mean interval from insemination to ovulation for blastocysts was significantly
      different from the mean intervals of the other ova. The five blastocysts resulted
      in intrauterine pregnancies in three recipients. There were no intrauterine
      pregnancies from the other 20 transfers (p less than 0.004). A transferred 12
      cell ovum with degenerating blastomeres was associated with tubal pregnancy in
      the recipient. The large variability in the state of intrauterine ova observed in
      the relatively fixed postovulatory interval of this study appears to be due to
      differences in viability and maturation, not differences in ovum age.
      Maturational state of the ova at the time of transfer appears to be a significant
      determinant of the likelihood of ensuring pregnancy.

PMID- 4037017
TI  - Prolactin bioactivity following decidual synthesis and transport by amniochorion.
AB  - Current evidence suggests that high concentrations of prolactin in human amniotic
      fluid result from the transport of human decidual prolactin across reflected
      amniochorion. In this study, tritiated leucine placed on the isolated maternal
      side of amniochorion with adherent decidua was incorporated into newly
      synthesized tritiated human decidual prolactin. Identification of tritiated
      decidual prolactin on the fetal side of suspended membranes was confirmed within
      4 hours of incubation. A heterologous species of human decidual prolactin
      identified on the maternal side of membranes was also detectable on the fetal
      side, and its bioactivity was found to be equivalent in both fetal and maternal
      chambers separated by amniochorion. These results confirm the de novo synthesis
      of human decidual prolactin and transport by amniochorion to the fetal side.
      Subsequent to transport, the biologic activity of human decidual prolactin is
      retained. Thus concentrations and biologic activity of amniotic-fluid prolactin
      can be accounted for by the transport of newly synthesized human decidual
      prolactin by the reflected amniochorion.

PMID- 4037018
TI  - Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction: a cause of late postoperative fever.
AB  - Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction, an uncommon complication of blood
      transfusion, can be the cause of late postoperative fever in the gynecologic
      patient. The triad of fever, anemia, and a history of recent blood transfusion is
      the hallmark of this diagnosis.

PMID- 4037019
TI  - Short-term tocolysis adjunctive to intrapartum term breech management.

PMID- 4037020
TI  - Do midforceps deliveries really impair subsequent intelligence quotient scores?

PMID- 4037021
TI  - Placentas of small-for-dates infants from Mexico City, Mexico.

PMID- 4037022
TI  - Effect of cataract surgery on intraocular pressure reduction obtained with laser
      trabeculoplasty.
AB  - Thirty-nine eyes of 34 patients with open-angle glaucoma who had been treated
      successfully with argon laser trabeculoplasty underwent either extracapsular
      cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation or
      intracapsular cataract extraction without lens implantation. Cataract surgery did
      not have a significant effect on the magnitude of intraocular pressure reduction
      obtained with laser trabeculoplasty. This study supports the view that eyes with
      coexisting cataract and glaucoma may benefit from laser trabeculoplasty before
      cataract surgery.

PMID- 4037023
TI  - Comparison of the effects of Viscoat and Healon on postoperative intraocular
      pressure.
AB  - We compared the effects of Viscoat and Healon on postoperative increases in
      intraocular pressure in patients undergoing uncomplicated extracapsular cataract
      extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in a prospective,
      randomized, single-masked study. Eleven eyes received Viscoat and 13 received
      Healon. The Viscoat or Healon was aspirated from the anterior chamber with the
      irrigation-aspiration tip of an automated irrigation-aspiration system at the end
      of the procedure. No prophylactic intraoperative or postoperative ocular
      hypotensive agents were used. Intraocular pressure was measured at three, six,
      12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Compared with preoperative intraocular
      pressure, postoperative intraocular pressure was significantly increased in both
      the Viscoat group and the Healon group. Some postoperative intraocular pressures
      were as high as 50 to 60 mm Hg, despite removal of the viscoelastic substance at
      the end of surgery. There was no significant difference in the postoperative
      intraocular pressures of the Viscoat group and the Healon group.

PMID- 4037024
TI  - Pigmentary glaucoma associated with posterior chamber intraocular lenses.
AB  - Six cases of glaucoma associated with pigment dispersion syndrome occurred after
      the implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses. All six patients had
      iris transillumination defects associated with the intraocular lens haptics,
      increased intraocular pressure, and pigment deposition in the trabecular meshwork
      and the anterior chamber. Medication controlled the glaucoma and none of the
      patients required further surgery.

PMID- 4037025
TI  - Diagnosis and management of Acanthamoeba keratitis.
AB  - Diagnosis and management of Acanthamoeba chronic ulcerative keratitis is
      difficult. Two cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis at Wills Eye Hospital were
      diagnosed within several months of each other during 1983. Corneal
      transplantation was necessary for diagnosis and therapy in these cases. Another
      two cases were diagnosed when histopathologic specimens from penetrating
      keratoplasties done between 1974 and 1983 were reviewed retrospectively. There
      has been no evidence of recurrent disease in any of our cases during follow-up
      periods averaging two years (range, 12 to 40 months). The diagnosis of
      Acanthamoeba keratitis must be considered in cases of chronic progressive corneal
      ulceration unresponsive to medical therapy.

PMID- 4037026
TI  - Mycotic endophthalmitis caused by Penicillium sp. after parenteral drug abuse.
AB  - A 30-year-old man developed endophthalmitis three weeks after an intravenous
      injection of hydromorphone hydrochloride. Penicillium species was recovered from
      a vitreous aspirate. Treatment with amphotericin B and flucytosine resulted in
      documented sterilization of the vitreous. At a six-month follow-up examination,
      the visual acuity of the involved eye was still limited to light perception.

PMID- 4037027
TI  - Ocular findings in leprosy in the United States.
AB  - We examined 55 clinic patients with biopsy-proven Hansen's disease and catalogued
      the ocular findings. Forty patients had lepromatous disease and 15 had
      tuberculoid disease. Visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 52 patients.
      Examination of pupillary size in all cases and after dilation with cocaine and
      hydroxyamphetamine in 15 cases showed decreased sympathetic innervation to the
      iris dilator muscle in seven cases. Ocular inflammation was uncommon: there was
      one case of active interstitial keratitis, three of episcleritis, and four of
      iritis. Although 41 patients had ocular problems attributable to Hansen's
      disease, the severity of the ocular complications was much less than reported in
      similar studies from other countries. We believe that the differences were the
      result of effective antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapy.

PMID- 4037028
TI  - The correlation between optic disk topography measured by the video
      ophthalmograph (Rodenstock analyzer) and clinical measurement.
AB  - The video-ophthalmograph (Rodenstock analyzer) records the topography of the
      optic disk via simultaneous stereoscopic images, which are stored and analyzed
      with the help of a microcomputer. We performed a prospective study on 68 eyes of
      68 patients to compare the vertical cup-disk ratio obtained with the video
      ophthalmograph to that obtained with manual analysis of black-and-white
      stereoscopic photographs. The correlation coefficient was 0.61, highly
      significant at P = .0000.

PMID- 4037029
TI  - Automated differential threshold perimetry for detecting glaucomatous visual
      field loss.
AB  - Because early glaucomatous visual field defects occur asymmetrically across the
      horizontal meridian, we analyzed data from automated perimetry by comparing sums
      of threshold values of corresponding groups of points in the superior and
      inferior hemispheres of the central 30 degrees tested by the Humphrey Field
      Analyzer. We developed patterns and criteria from 25 early glaucomatous and 36
      normal control eyes to achieve optimal balance between sensitivity (96%) and
      specificity (86%). Application of these criteria to an independent group of 27
      glaucomatous and 105 control eyes yielded a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity
      of 85.7%. Minor modification of the criteria improved sensitivity and specificity
      to more than 90% for both patients and controls.

PMID- 4037030
TI  - Idiopathic inflammatory perioptic neuritis simulating optic nerve sheath
      meningioma.
AB  - Between 1976 and 1982, we examined 13 patients with clinical and radiographic
      findings consistent with optic nerve sheath meningioma. All patients had visual
      loss, evidence of optic nerve dysfunction, centrocecal visual field defects, and
      echographic and computed tomographic evidence of optic nerve or sheath
      enlargement. All underwent surgery for biopsy or excision of their presumed
      tumors. However, adequate histologic sampling of all lesions failed to
      demonstrate meningioma in four patients; two of these four showed inflammatory
      infiltration of the dural sheath, whereas the other two showed only edematous or
      dense fibrous tissue. There was no evidence of other systemic disease in any of
      these cases. We conclude that optic nerve or sheath enlargement, probably induced
      by an idiopathic inflammatory perioptic neuritis, may simulate a sheath
      meningioma. Proper diagnosis requires biopsy confirmation.

PMID- 4037031
TI  - Anemia and diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - Three patients (a 44-year-old woman, a 65-year-old man, and a 39-year-old woman)
      who had had diabetes mellitus for an average of 17 years had good vision and mild
      to moderate background diabetic retinopathy. These patients developed severe iron
      deficiency anemia from varying causes and their conditions rapidly progressed to
      a severe proliferative phase that necessitated panretinal photocoagulation and
      pars plana vitrectomy in two cases.

PMID- 4037032
TI  - Juvenile iridoschisis and microphthalmos.
AB  - Spontaneous iridoschisis and corneal edema developed in the microphthalmic eye of
      an 8-year-old. There was no history of trauma, inflammation, or congenital iris
      abnormality.

PMID- 4037033
TI  - Anterior retinal cryotherapy in diabetic vitreous hemorrhage.
AB  - Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage associated with proliferative retinopathy can occur
      in eyes that do not satisfactorily respond to argon laser pantretinal
      photocoagulation. To evaluate the effect of relatively low-risk surgical
      intervention, we performed peripheral retinal cryopexy on 24 eyes of 23 diabetic
      patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and vitreous hemorrhage. In most
      cases, cryopexy followed complete or nearly complete panretinal photocoagulation
      which did not prevent subsequent vitreous hemorrhage. Existing vitreous
      hemorrhage cleared postoperatively in 23 of 24 eyes. The best corrected visual
      acuity improved in 15 eyes, remained unchanged in five, and worsened in four.
      Four postoperative anterior segment complications resolved completely within a
      short time. One patient, a 68-year-old woman who had had diabetes for 18 years,
      postoperatively had a macular hole in one eye and macular edema with tractional
      retinal detachment in the other.

PMID- 4037034
TI  - The effect of a once-daily oral dose of nadolol on intraocular pressure in normal
      volunteers.
AB  - We compared the effects of once-daily oral administration of 20 mg and 40 mg of
      nadolol vs placebo in 40 normal volunteers in a randomized, double-masked trial.
      Each of 23 women and 17 men (ranging in age from 18 to 50 years) had intraocular
      pressure, pulse rate, blood pressure, pupil size, amplitude of accommodation, and
      near point measured immediately before treatment and then at 24 hours, day 8, and
      day 15 after treatment. Both dosages of nadolol produced significant decreases in
      intraocular pressure at three hours (P less than .001). Although both dosages
      decreased intraocular pressure at 24 hours compared with placebo, only the change
      with the 40-mg dose was significant (P less than .05). Although both dosages
      produced significant decreases in pulse rate and blood pressure, side effects
      were minimal.

PMID- 4037036
TI  - Gaze palsy associated with viral syndrome.
AB  - Four cases of gaze paresis occurred in association with viral disease. In three
      cases the viral prodrome preceded the oculomotor disturbance. In one, gaze palsy
      was followed several days later by a viral syndrome. One had isolated bilateral
      horizontal ophthalmoplegia; another patient had motility disturbance with
      blepharoptosis and peripheral areflexia. Two patients had clinical evidence of
      brain-stem involvement: unilateral gaze paresis and gaze-evoked nystagmus in one
      and Parinaud's syndrome in the other. No accompanying long-tract signs or changes
      in mental status were present in any case. Recovery was complete in all four
      patients.

PMID- 4037035
TI  - An investigation into the association between liver damage and metastatic uveal
      melanoma.
AB  - We examined the effect of liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride on the
      incidence of hepatic metastasis in the Greene hamster melanoma. Nine of 17
      animals with liver damage had melanoma growth in the liver after the intraportal
      vein injection of tumor cells, whereas tumor growth occurred in four of 27
      control animals (P less than .01). These results suggest that, in this model,
      liver damage predisposes to metastatic involvement by melanoma.

PMID- 4037037
TI  - Fire risks with ophthalmic ointments.

PMID- 4037038
TI  - Aplastic anemia simulating central retinal vein occlusion.

PMID- 4037039
TI  - Procoagulant effects of intraocular sodium hyaluronate.

PMID- 4037040
TI  - Inversion of anterior chamber pigment as a possible prognostic sign in narrow
      angles.

PMID- 4037041
TI  - Conjunctival inclusion cyst simulating malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4037042
TI  - A new corneal protector for oculoplastic surgery.

PMID- 4037043
TI  - Eyelid ecchymosis and proptosis in lymphangioma.

PMID- 4037044
TI  - Intraocular ampicillin in the treatment of endophthalmitis.

PMID- 4037045
TI  - Tear of the retinal pigment epithelium and serous retinal detachment.

PMID- 4037046
TI  - Digoxin in the subretinal spaces of humans with rhegmatogenous retinal
      detachments.

PMID- 4037047
TI  - Effects of topical betaxolol, timolol, and placebo on pulmonary function in
      asthmatic bronchitis.

PMID- 4037048
TI  - Eleanor Clarke Slagle lecture, 1985: a monistic or a pluralistic approach to
      professional identity?
AB  - Occupational therapists have long been concerned with the process of articulating
      their identity. This paper describes in detail two approaches to that process:
      monistic and pluralistic. It demonstrates the advantages of a pluralistic
      professional identity.

PMID- 4037049
TI  - Occupational therapy's domain of concern: reconsidered.
AB  - This paper focuses on the domain of concern part of a professional model
      presented by Mosey in her book Occupational Therapy: Configuration of a
      Profession (Raven, 1981). Based on additional review of the literature, I suggest
      two principal alterations. A change in core versus parameter. "Human occupation"
      replaces "occupational performance" and is presented as the core of the domain of
      concern because this is the focus of occupational therapy practice; the
      "performance components" defined here as "competence components" actually serve
      as a parameter of practice. A reconceptualization of two parameters: "time" and
      "cultural environment." Time should be considered a separate parameter, including
      categories of time practice, balance of activities over time, and time
      perspective. Cultural environment is perceived as a parameter that is composed of
      four categories: the symbolic, social, physical, and natural environments. This
      paper emphasizes the interrelatedness of all parts of the model and points out
      the qualitative differences between the parameters.

PMID- 4037050
TI  - Performance of female adults on the Southern California Visual Figure-Ground
      Perception Test.
AB  - This study was conducted to assess adult female performance on the Southern
      California Visual Figure-Ground Perception Test (FGP) and to obtain an estimate
      of the test's reliability. Data were obtained for two scoring formats. The first
      format was the score for all items on the test (TOTAL), and the second format was
      the score through the fifth error (FIRST-FIVE). The mean scores were 38.24 (SD =
      3.2) for TOTAL and 29.71 (SD = 10.14) for FIRST-FIVE. For each format, mean,
      standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness values are presented (N = 124). Both
      formats were reliable over time (.90 and .71, respectively), and scores of the
      even-numbered items correlated moderately with the odd-numbered items, indicating
      split-half reliability (.70 and .87 for both administrations of the test).
      Although the sample was representative across the socioeconomic variable,
      moderate correlations were obtained between the performance scores and the age
      and education level variables. We concluded that the FGP is a reliable assessment
      tool for use with adults; however, a subject's age and education must be
      considered when interpreting the scores.

PMID- 4037052
TI  - A distal support sling for the hemiplegic patient.

PMID- 4037051
TI  - Pinch and grasp strength: standardization of terminology and protocol.
AB  - We implemented a tridirectional survey to begin the standardization process for
      grasp and pinch terminology and protocols for testing and to improve the
      communication between rehabilitation professionals who assess hand strength. We
      surveyed the literature, occupational therapy clinics across the country, and
      occupational therapy educational programs. Our results reveal the current use,
      teachings, and recommendations of pinch and grasp strength measurement. The
      results confirm that the standardization of grasp and pinch terminology and
      protocols for testing are vitally needed. Specific recommendations to continue
      this standardization process are recommended.

PMID- 4037053
TI  - Implications for occupational therapy of a competency-based orientation.

PMID- 4037054
TI  - The effects of wearing the Boston II gas-permeable contact lens on central
      corneal curvature.
AB  - Keratometric readings on 132 different eyes were examined from the patient
      records. Sixty eyes had previously worn polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) lenses and
      then were refitted with the Boston II gas-permeable contact lens. The remaining
      72 eyes had never worn contact lenses and these too were fitted with the Boston
      II lens. The Boston II contact lens is a nonhydrophilic contact lens composed of
      methylmethacrylate-dimethylitaconate-siloxanyl copolymer with a reported Dk value
      of 14.6 X 10(-11) ml O2 cm2/s ml mm Hg (35 degrees C). The mean and SD of the
      keratometric readings and the amount of corneal toricity found were calculated
      for each set of progress reports. The data in this study indicate that an
      alignment-fitting Boston II gas-permeable contact lens does not cause curvature
      changes in corneas during the first three months of wear.

PMID- 4037055
TI  - Differences in the perceptual skills development of young myopes and hyperopes.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the visual perceptual skills of young
      myopes and hyperopes. The case records of over 700 young University of Houston
      College of Optometry clinic patients revealed significant differences between the
      two groups (p less than 0.001), suggesting that myopes are, indeed, more
      analytical than hyperopes. Comparisons are also made with emmetropes.
      Implications of these data are discussed.

PMID- 4037056
TI  - Stereoscopic threshold in children and adults.
AB  - The threshold of stereoacuity is reported as measured on 369 normal children aged
      3 to 7 years, and on 51 normal adults. Four standard clinical stereotests were
      used and two different testing procedures adopted. The results show that both
      threshold and variability decrease with age, and performance becomes adult-like
      at different ages for different tests. Interest correlations are poor, and in
      cases where the correlation is significant, no identifiable pattern emerges
      between testing procedures, age, and stereotests. The procedures themselves gave
      no significant difference in stereoacuity values between all four tests.

PMID- 4037057
TI  - Single-subject research designs for optometry.
AB  - Single-subject research designs are used extensively in the fields of education
      and psychology. There are many advantages of these designs over traditional group
      designs and they appear particularly important for applied research in optometry.
      An overview of the basic designs is presented. For each type of design, examples
      are provided that illustrate the application of this methodology to applied
      optometric research.

PMID- 4037058
TI  - Ultrasound measures of vitreous chamber depth during ocular accommodation.
AB  - The vitreous chamber decreased in depth about 0.12 mm as accommodative demand
      increased from 0.2 to 7 D in nine accommodative steps. The depth decreases
      matched movement of the posterior lens surface toward the retina. Accommodation
      caused no significant increases in axial length compared to cyclopleged controls.
      These results do not favor the active role for the vitreous in accommodation
      proposed by Coleman in 1970. Computer analysis of A-scan interval counts
      demonstrated that multiple retinal complex peaks might erroneously point to
      vitreous or axial lengthening. About 30% of total lens thickening during
      accommodation was accounted for by posterior lens surface displacement.

PMID- 4037059
TI  - Does performance of tasks affect the resting focus of accommodation?
AB  - Measurements of the resting focus of accommodation were obtained with an infrared
      optometer while subjects engaged in four tasks: (1) passive viewing in darkness;
      (2) passive viewing of a laser speckle pattern; (3) active judgment of motion in
      a laser speckle pattern; and (4) mental arithmetic in darkness. The results
      showed resting focus measures to be comparable under all four conditions for some
      subjects. However, other subjects exhibited consistent increases or decreases in
      the resting focus position when asked to judge the direction of speckles within
      the laser test pattern or perform mental arithmetic. This finding suggests that
      "effort to see" may influence the resting focus of some subjects. Implications
      for measurement procedures and population estimates of the resting focus are
      discussed.

PMID- 4037060
TI  - Modeling the electrophysiology of the corneal epithelium and its response to
      cellular injury.
AB  - A two-membrane equivalent electrical model was applied to the rabbit corneal
      epithelium. Single parameters were varied (with the other parameters kept
      constant) to generate equations predicting the electrical behavior of the corneal
      epithelium. Due to electrical feedback through the epithelial shunt, each
      transmembrane voltage is not solely a function of its own membrane parameters.
      The equations were evaluated with published data and the model successfully
      approximated the known electrical characteristics of the rabbit corneal
      epithelium. The principal site of voltage variation in the corneal epithelium is
      inferred from the slopes calculated from voltage scattergrams. Reduced shunt
      resistance results from injury to the corneal epithelium in vitro, or from hard
      contact lens wear in vivo.

PMID- 4037061
TI  - Peripheral visual field is radially organized.
AB  - The visibility of vertical, horizontal, and 45 degrees oblique square wave
      gratings was measured at 10 to 45 degrees of eccentricity along the vertical,
      horizontal, and the 45 degrees oblique meridians. A forced-choice orientation
      identification response to the stimulus grating and a subjective rating of the
      confidence in response accuracy were the response measurements. The best seen
      grating orientation was always the one parallel to the meridian upon which it was
      presented. Along the vertical and horizontal meridians the most poorly seen
      orientation was the one perpendicular to the meridian. Along the 45 degrees
      oblique meridians the horizontal grating was as poorly seen as the meridian
      perpendicular to the grating orientation, except in the infranasal quadrant of
      the field. Pinhole experiments show these results unlikely to be due to off-axis
      optical aberrations. It is hypothesized that the radial organization of the
      peripheral visual field is due to underlying neural factors ontogenically
      determined, not due to environmental adaptations.

PMID- 4037062
TI  - Vergence adaptation maintains heterophoria in normal binocular vision.
AB  - This investigation sought to determine whether vergence adaptation serves to
      maintain orthophoria or heterophoria in normal binocular vision. While wearing
      prisms which neutralized their nearpoint (40 cm) heterophorias, 27 of 30
      nonstrabismic subjects adapted from their prismatically created orthophoria
      toward their habitual heterophoria. Three subjects showed no adaptive response. A
      symptom questionnaire distributed to these subjects determined that the
      maintenance of heterophoria by vergence adaptation is: characteristic of normal
      and comfortable binocular vision, and neither an entirely necessary nor
      sufficient condition for normal and comfortable binocular vision.

PMID- 4037063
TI  - Comparison of refractive findings obtained by the Bausch and Lomb IVEX and by
      conventional clinical refraction.
AB  - The Bausch and Lomb IVEX (Integrated Vision Examination System) is a computerized
      refractor, designed for both subjective and objective refraction and binocular
      vision testing. Using a double-masked protocol, subjective refraction findings
      were obtained on 40 subjects by means of both IVEX and conventional clinical
      refraction. Although for most subjects IVEX spherical equivalent findings varied
      by no more than 0.25 or 0.50 D from conventional refractive findings, for some
      subjects IVEX findings yielded more minus or less plus than conventional
      refractive findings by as much as 1.00 or 1.25 D.

PMID- 4037064
TI  - Heparin-binding fragments of fibronectin are potent inhibitors of endothelial
      cell growth.
AB  - Two heparin-binding proteolytic fragments of fibronectin--an amino-terminal 29-kd
      segment and a carboxyl-terminal 40-kd segment-are apparently specific, potent
      inhibitors of the growth of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and inhibit
      growth in a reversible, dose-dependent manner. In contrast, native fibronectin at
      higher dosages neither inhibits nor interferes with the effects of the 29-kd
      fragment. The data, therefore, suggest that fibronectin fragments may participate
      in the regulation of vascular growth.

PMID- 4037065
TI  - Ultrastructure of the attack of eosinophils stimulated by blood mononuclear cell
      products on schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Purified human eosinophils were treated with peripheral blood mononuclear cell
      supernatants containing eosinophil cytotoxic enhancing activity (ECEA).
      Schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni which had been coated either with antibody
      (Ab) from the sera of infected patients or with the lectin concanavalin A (Con A)
      were incubated with ECEA-treated and untreated cells for 2 minutes to 12 hours
      and examined ultrastructurally. Killing was assayed at 18 hours. ECEA caused an
      increase in the killing of Ab-coated worms, but Con-A-coated worms were not
      killed by either ECEA-treated or untreated cells. Eosinophils began to
      degranulate on Ab-coated worms within 2 minutes and continued to degranulate, so
      that by 12 hours about half of the parasites had greater than 50% of their
      surface covered by discharge material. The ECEA-treated cells degranulated more
      than the untreated cells. There was much less discharge material on Con-A-coated
      worms than on Ab-coated worms. Eosinophils adhered to discharge material on the
      surface of both Ab- and Con-A-coated parasites. At 3 and 12 hours, lysed cells
      and cell fragments were also seen adhering to discharge material. In the absence
      of discharge material the cells adhered to residual glycocalyx or to the
      tegumental outer membrane. These studies suggest that eosinophils kill
      schistosomula by progressively degranulating onto their surface over many hours
      and that the increased toxicity caused by ECEA is due to an increase in
      discharge.

PMID- 4037067
TI  - Hepatitis B virus DNA detected in formalin-fixed liver specimens and its relation
      to serologic markers and histopathologic features in chronic liver disease.
AB  - To examine the relationship of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences in the liver
      with histopathologic features and antigenic markers, the authors determined the
      hepatocytic status of viral DNA by in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed liver
      sections using a biotinylated probe in 45 patients with various chronic liver
      diseases. The results were compared retrospectively with the HBV serologic
      markers and histopathologic features including the presence of ground-glass cells
      or Shikata staining positivity. The specificity of this in situ detection of HBV
      DNA has been proven excellent in a double-blind control study in 18 patients in
      whom liver HBV DNA was also determined by DNA extraction, gel electrophoresis,
      and the Southern blotting technique. In 41 patients, the findings of HBV DNA and
      serologic markers were concordant (17 positive and 24 negative). Twelve of the 20
      HBV-DNA-positive patients were HBsAg-positive (6 with chronic hepatitis, 3 with
      cirrhosis, and 3 with hepatocellular carcinoma). Ground-glass cells or Shikata
      positivity were found in 10 of these 12 patients. HBV DNA sequences were found in
      the liver of all patients with chronic liver disease and serologic positivity for
      HBV infection. In liver with normal histologic features, HBV DNA was not
      demonstrable, despite the positive anti-HBc and anti-HBs. However, a positive HBV
      DNA was found in 3 serologically negative patients. In another patient the
      interpretation of findings was impossible because of severe hemosiderosis. From
      this study, it is concluded that in situ detection of HBV DNA in formalin-fixed
      liver sections has a clinical value and is suitable for routine use.

PMID- 4037066
TI  - Evolution of foam cells in subcutaneous rabbit carrageenan granulomas. II. Tissue
      and macrophage lipid composition.
AB  - This study describes the lipid composition of differentiating macrophage-derived
      foam cells in the inflammatory carrageenan granuloma. In this model, macrophages
      exposed in vivo to diet-induced hypercholesterolemia progressively accumulate
      electron-translucent lipid inclusions; and at 14 and 28 days, many assume the
      morphologic features of arterial plaque foam cells. Subcutaneous carrageenan
      granulomas were induced in 24 pellet-fed (NC) and 24 cholesterol-fed (HC)
      rabbits, and tissue was harvested at 4, 14, and 28 days. Total (TC) and free
      cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl esters (CEs), CE fatty acids, triglycerides (TGs),
      and phospholipids (PLs) were measured on lipid extracts from tissue. TC, FC, and
      CEs were also measured on isolated, cultured granuloma macrophages. Tissue TCs
      and FCs were significantly elevated in HC relative to NC rabbits at both 14 and
      28 days (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.01, respectively). CE accumulation
      in HC granuloma tissue was 80-fold greater at 14 days and 178-fold greater at 28
      days (P less than 0.005), compared with NC granulomas. Oleic acid (18:1), the
      principal CE fatty acid in both NC and HC granulomas, accounted for significantly
      more (P less than 0.05) of the total CE fatty acids in HC (48%) relative to NC
      granulomas (37%). No net accumulation of TG was observed with time in NC or HC
      animals. Although diet did not influence tissue PL content, significant increases
      (P less than 0.05) were observed at 14 days in NC rabbits and at 14 and 28 days
      in HC rabbits relative to 4-day levels. CE accumulation was significantly greater
      in cultured macrophages isolated from HC granulomas at 14 days (P less than
      0.001) and 28 days (P less than 0.01). These findings have demonstrated the
      significant accumulation of CEs in both HC granuloma tissue and in cultured HC
      macrophage/foam cells in vivo. The carrageenan granuloma model has, we believe,
      considerable potential for defining mechanisms responsible for CE accumulation in
      the differentiating macrophage-derived foam cell.

PMID- 4037068
TI  - Heparin and glomerular epithelial cell-secreted heparin-like species inhibit
      mesangial-cell proliferation.
AB  - The regulation of cell growth in the kidney glomerulus plays a key role in many
      physiologic and pathologic processes. In this communication, the authors examine
      the possible role of heparin-like species as inhibitors of mesangial-cell
      proliferation. Heparin profoundly inhibited the growth of cultured mesangial
      cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an ED50 = 5-10 micrograms/ml. The
      antiproliferative activity of heparin was reversible and specific for mesangial
      cells as the target cell in the glomerulus. Heparin was much more effective than
      other glycosaminoglycans. Cultured glomerular epithelial cells were found to
      secrete both stimulators and inhibitors of mesangial-cell growth. Approximately
      half of the inhibitory activity was destroyed by a highly purified heparinase;
      the other half was sensitive to trypsin. Approximately 80% of the mitogenic
      activity was protease-sensitive. These results suggest that heparin and
      glomerular epithelial cells may participate in mesangial-cell growth regulation.

PMID- 4037069
TI  - Animal model of human disease. Avian scleroderma. An inherited fibrotic disease
      of white Leghorn chickens resembling progressive systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 4037070
TI  - Passive sodium and potassium movements in sickle erythrocytes.
AB  - Deoxygenation causes an increase in passive Na and K movements across the
      membrane of the sickle erythrocyte. Some investigators find that these ion
      movements are accompanied by cell dehydration, while others find no evidence for
      cell water loss with sickling. Because gelation of hemoglobin S would be enhanced
      by cell water loss, we reinvestigated Na and K movements in sickle cells to
      define further the role that ion movements might play in the pathogenesis of
      sickling. With deoxygenation, we found that sickle cells gained Na and lost K
      without losing cell water. These net ion movements were not seen in control red
      blood cells. For sickle cells, deoxygenation also increased passive
      unidirectional influxes of Na and K, effects not observed when control red blood
      cells were deoxygenated. The deoxygenation-induced passive influxes of Na and K
      in sickle cells were not diminished by anion substitution or by the addition of
      the diuretic furosemide. We also found differences in passive Na and K fluxes
      between oxygenated sickle cells and normal red blood cells. The addition of
      furosemide or replacement of Cl with NO3 or SCN, maneuvers that largely reduced
      passive Na and K movements in oxygenated normal cells, had no effect on Na and K
      movements in oxygenated sickle cells. These findings militate against the idea
      that solute and water loss occur as a consequence of deoxygenation but do
      indicate that there are acquired membrane abnormalities in sickle red blood
      cells.

PMID- 4037071
TI  - Myosin phosphorylation, force, and maximal shortening velocity in neurally
      stimulated tracheal smooth muscle.
AB  - Field stimulation of intrinsic nerves in bovine tracheal smooth muscle strips
      elicited atropine-sensitive contractions that were more rapid than those obtained
      by addition of carbamylcholine to the bathing medium. These stimulus conditions
      were used to improve estimates of maximal rates of activation as indicated by
      myosin light chain phosphorylation, maximal shortening velocity (Vo), and
      isometric force. Maximal values of Vo [0.25 X optimal muscle length X s-1] and
      light chain phosphorylation (0.65 mol phosphate/mol light chain) were attained
      after 5 s of stimulation and preceded maximal force (60 s). Force gradually fell
      to 0.85 times maximal values during 30 min of stimulation, while both light chain
      phosphorylation and Vo declined to 0.3 times the maximal value. The temporal
      correlation between light chain phosphorylation and Vo supports the hypothesis
      that myosin phosphorylation in smooth muscle functions in regulating cross-bridge
      cycling rates. Myosin was dephosphorylated during relaxation with a half time of
      2.7 s. Calculated maximal cellular rates of light chain phosphorylation were
      similar to measured values, indicating that most of the kinase was activated on
      stimulation.

PMID- 4037072
TI  - Effects of mucosal sodium removal on cell volume in Necturus gallbladder
      epithelium.
AB  - Necturus gallbladder epithelium transports sodium and chloride by a process that
      first involves the cellular entry of each ion across the apical membrane in an
      electrically silent process. In this paper we present results from cell volume
      and fluid flux measurements in the presence of different inhibitors and at normal
      and reduced sodium concentrations, which bear on the process by which ionic entry
      is effected. We find that reduction of mucosal sodium to a concentration of 10 mM
      has no effect on either cell volume or on the rate of transepithelial fluid
      transport, whereas the complete removal of sodium causes a significant decrease
      in cell volume in addition to its known inhibitory effect on fluid transport.
      Amiloride had no effect on cell volume at normal sodium concentrations but
      markedly reduced it when the sodium concentration was reduced to 10 mM.
      Amiloride, bumetanide, and dipyridamole markedly and reversibly inhibited fluid
      transport. Finally, the addition of ouabain to the serosal medium induced cell
      swelling, which was prevented by the removal of potassium from the mucosal
      medium. These results indicate that the process of sodium entry at the apical
      membrane is complicated and likely includes both cotransport (NaCl or Na-K-2Cl)
      and parallel exchange (Na-H and Cl-HCO3) transport mechanisms, and that the
      proportion of NaCl transported by the different mechanisms varies with the
      conditions.

PMID- 4037073
TI  - Control of enzyme activities in individual myotubes cultured without nerve.
AB  - The activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphorylase, and
      adenylate kinase were measured in single myotubes dissected from primary cultures
      of rat skeletal muscle. For a given enzyme, activities among the spontaneously
      contracting cells varied as much as eightfold. When the myotubes were paralyzed
      with tetrodotoxin, the variability in enzyme levels was markedly decreased. These
      and other findings suggest that differences in enzyme levels among individual
      myotubes may arise as a result of differences in their pattern of contractile
      activity.

PMID- 4037074
TI  - Potassium-chloride cotransport in cultured chick heart cells.
AB  - The polystrand preparation of cultured chick heart cells has a unidirectional
      transmembrane Cl- efflux that is twice K+ efflux. However, Cl- conductance of
      this heart cell membrane is low [regardless of extracellular K+ (K+o)],
      suggesting the existence of electroneutral Cl--dependent transport mechanisms.
      Furosemide (10(-3) M) decreases the 36Cl tracer efflux rate constant from a
      control value of 0.67 to 0.33 min-1. Extracellular Na+--free solution, which
      depletes intracellular Na+ within 1 min, has no significant effect on 36Cl
      efflux. K+o-free solution plus 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
      (DIDS; 10(-4) M) promotes the loss of Cl- against the Cl- electrochemical
      gradient; Cl- loss is furosemide sensitive in a dose-dependent manner. Incubating
      polystrands in 133 mM K+o, normal extracellular Cl- (Cl-o) solution causes net K+
      and Cl- uptake in a 1:1 stoichiometry as well as a furosemide-sensitive volume
      increase; 130 mM extracellular choline or Li+ cannot mimic this high-K+o-induced
      volume increase. Removal of Cl-o from 133 mM K+o solution prevents K+ uptake and
      causes a Cl- loss as well as a furosemide-sensitive volume decrease. Adjusting Cl
      o concentrations in high-K+o solution plus DIDS, so that the Cl- chemical
      gradient equally opposes the K+ chemical gradient, prevents high-K+o-induced
      volume changes. These data suggest that the cardiac cell membrane contains a
      furosemide-sensitive K+-Cl- cotransport mechanism.

PMID- 4037075
TI  - A radioimmunoblotting method for measuring myosin light chain phosphorylation
      levels in smooth muscle.
AB  - A method for measuring the molar stoichiometry of myosin light chain
      phosphorylation in intact smooth muscle has been developed. Antiserum to the
      20,000-Da light chains of bovine aortic smooth muscle was harvested from rabbits
      and used to label light chains by a radioimmunoblotting procedure. In the initial
      characterization it was found that the 20,000-Da light chains could be
      transferred by electroblotting from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose paper
      with an efficiency of approximately 80% over a protein range of 0.1-5.0
      micrograms. At a dilution of 1:500, the unpurified light chain antiserum required
      approximately 10-12 h at 22 degrees C to reach equilibrium binding to the
      transferred light chains. Moreover, equilibrium labeling of the light chain
      antibody complex with 125I-protein A required 4-6 h of incubation at 22 degrees
      C. By using these conditions, a radioimmunoassay for the 20,000-Da light chains
      was developed that was linear over a protein range of 0.1-5.0 micrograms (5-250
      pmol). As little as 20 ng of light chains could be measured if a second antibody
      procedure (goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G Fab fragments) was used.
      Phosphorylated and unphosphorylated myosin light chains were separated by
      glycerol-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This procedure, combined with
      radioimmunoblot, gave similar estimates of phosphorylation levels when compared
      with direct assay for phosphate or scanning of Coomassie blue-stained gels.
      Moreover, when applied to intact uterine smooth muscle, the glycerol-urea gel
      radioimmunoblot gave values of myosin light chain phosphorylation for relaxed and
      contracted muscles that were not statistically different from those obtained with
      a two-dimensional electrophoretic method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037076
TI  - Changes in collagen synthesis and degradation during skeletal muscle growth.
AB  - The changes in collagen metabolism during skeletal muscle growth were
      investigated by measuring rates of synthesis and degradation during stretch
      induced hypertrophy of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle of the adult chicken
      (Gallus domesticus). Synthesis rates were obtained from the uptake of tritiated
      proline injected intravenously with a flooding dose of unlabeled proline.
      Degradation of newly synthesized and "mature" collagen was estimated from the
      amount of hydroxyproline in the free pool as small molecular weight moieties. In
      normal muscle, the synthesis rate was 1.1 +/- 0.3%/day, with 49 +/- 7% of the
      newly produced collagen degraded rapidly after synthesis. During hypertrophy
      there was an increase of about fivefold in the rate of synthesis (P less than
      0.01), a 60% decrease in the rate of degradation of newly synthesized collagen (P
      less than 0.02), and an increase of about fourfold in the amount of degradation
      of mature collagen (P less than 0.01). These results suggest an important role
      for degradative as well as synthetic processes in the regulation of collagen
      mass. They indicate that enhanced degradation of mature collagen is required for
      muscle growth and suggest a physiological role for the pathway whereby in normal
      muscle, a large proportion of newly produced collagen is rapidly degraded.

PMID- 4037077
TI  - Myosin phosphorylation in permeabilized rabbit psoas fibers.
AB  - The 18,000-Da myosin light chains in segments of rabbit psoas fibers were stably
      phosphorylated to assess the mechanical effects of this modification. Before and
      after phosphorylation of the same fiber, the maximal shortening velocity (Vmax)
      was measured at 12 degrees C by a quick-release slack test and by extrapolation
      to Vmax of hyperbolic force-velocity curves from isotonic releases. The
      experiments were performed at saturating concentrations of Ca2+, as determined
      from isometric force-pCa curves, under conditions in which the pH and ATP-ADP
      ratio were buffered. No effect of phosphorylation on isometric force, Vmax, or
      the shape of the force-velocity curve was detected under conditions of maximal
      calcium activation. Thus we find no mechanical evidence for a modulation by light
      chain phosphorylation of actomyosin interaction in these fiber segments.

PMID- 4037078
TI  - Premature weaning-induced changes of cholesterol metabolism in guinea pigs.
AB  - Premature weaning in animals causes higher serum cholesterol levels and a
      relative inability to handle cholesterol challenge in adult life. The mechanisms
      responsible for these delayed effects of premature weaning are not clear. The
      aims of this investigation were to 1) determine the effect of premature weaning
      on the activity of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and plasma cholesterol
      changes and 2) determine whether addition of cholesterol to the diet will restore
      premature weaning-induced changes. Premature weaning did not prevent the
      phenomenon of neonatal hypercholesterolemia noted in day 5 of normally weaned
      guinea pigs. At day 10, prematurely weaned animals had lower serum cholesterol
      when compared with normally weaned animals. Premature weaning caused (without or
      with cholesterol in diet) a significant decrease in the hepatic activity of
      cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and this difference persisted (after 1 mo) when
      fed the stock diet. These studies demonstrate 1) premature weaning on day 2 does
      not prevent neonatal hypercholesterolemia on day 5, 2) premature weaning causes a
      decrease in hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity that persists into
      adult life, and 3) dietary cholesterol intake in early life is unable to negate
      premature weaning-induced changes.

PMID- 4037079
TI  - Effect of norepinephrine on gluconeogenesis in perfused livers of cold-exposed
      rats.
AB  - The effects of norepinephrine and glucagon on gluconeogenesis were studied in
      hemoglobin-free perfused liver from rats kept for 1-20 days at 4 degrees C. When
      rats were starved for 24 h at 4 degrees C, the plasma glucose level of rats
      exposed to cold for 5, 10, and 20 days was significantly higher than that of rats
      for 1 day, but hepatic glycogen decreased to the same level in all groups. In the
      isolated perfused liver, basal rates of oxygen consumption and glucose production
      increased slightly through 5 days of cold exposure and returned to control levels
      after 20 days of cold exposure. The rates of glucose production from lactate,
      pyruvate, sorbitol, and glycerol increased by 20-30% after 5 days of cold
      exposure. The stimulation of gluconeogenesis from these substrates by
      norepinephrine and phenylephrine increased markedly at all time periods from 1 to
      20 days in the cold, with a maximum at 5 days. The stimulation of glycogenolysis
      by norepinephrine was not affected by cold exposure. The response to
      catecholamines decreased markedly in liver perfused with calcium-free medium
      and/or with phentolamine. The stimulation of gluconeogenesis by glucagon
      increased only in rats exposed to cold for 20 days. The results obtained suggest
      that the stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis by cold is due to an alpha
      adrenergic response, and the activation occurs beyond the interaction of
      norepinephrine with its receptor.

PMID- 4037080
TI  - Regulation of sympathetic activity in lean and obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats.
AB  - Norepinephrine concentration and turnover (measured by the time-dependent loss of
      tissue [3H]norepinephrine specific activity) were reduced in the brown adipose
      tissue (BAT) of obese Zucker rats but were normal in the heart. After acclimation
      to a 4 degrees C environment for 7 days, BAT norepinephrine turnover was
      increased to similar levels in lean and obese rats. After overfeeding with
      sucrose BAT norepinephrine turnover increased in lean rats but was unaffected in
      obese rats. Propranolol prevented the normalization of BAT mitochondrial GDP
      binding that followed adrenalectomy of obese rats. Adrenalectomy of obese rats
      restored BAT norepinephrine turnover to levels observed in lean rats. However,
      the increase in BAT GDP binding associated with sucrose overfeeding of
      adrenalectomized lean and obese rats was neither prevented by propranolol nor
      associated with a stimulation of norepinephrine turnover. The results suggest
      that the pituitary-adrenal endocrine axis may influence diet-related BAT
      thermogenesis and that this influence is only partially mediated by the
      sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 4037081
TI  - Maternal fetal glucose exchange.

PMID- 4037082
TI  - Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamic disturbances in conscious rats with
      experimental liver cirrhosis without ascites.
AB  - Rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis of the liver show histological and clinical
      features that closely resemble those of the disease in humans. Metabolic cages
      were used and hemodynamic studies (15-micrograms radioactive microspheres) were
      performed on 10 conscious, nonascitic, cirrhotic rats and in 10 control rats.
      Compared with control animals, cirrhotic rats showed lower sodium excretion (0.80
      +/- 0.07 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.07 meq/day), total solute excretion (12.52 +/- 0.79 vs.
      19.38 +/- 3.7 mosmol/day), and increased aldosterone excretion. No differences
      were observed in urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion. Cirrhotic rats
      showed also slight hypotension, increased cardiac output (48.97 +/- 3.94 vs.
      26.97 +/- 2.3 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1) without tachycardia, and decreased total
      peripheral resistance, which was mainly attributed to reduced renal and skeletal
      muscle resistances with increased blood flow throughout these areas. Cirrhotic
      rats showed increased hepatic vascular resistances by both portal and arterial
      inputs with portal hypertension (16.15 +/- 1.01 vs. 9.60 +/- 0.77 cmH2O) but
      without differences in total hepatic blood flow or portal-systemic shunt rate
      with respect to control rats. Plasma renin content was not significantly
      different between the groups of rats. From these data it can be concluded that
      nonascitic, cirrhotic rats show a hyperdynamic circulatory state, which seems to
      be caused by a peripheral vasodilation of unknown mechanism; portal-systemic
      shunting does not seem to be a necessary condition for the hyperdynamic status at
      this early stage of the hemodynamic disturbances.

PMID- 4037083
TI  - Methionine metabolism after portacaval shunt in the rat.
AB  - The effect of portacaval shunt (PCS) on methionine metabolism in the rat was
      investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to PCS and maintained on an
      18% casein diet. Growth curves of operated rats were similar to controls. PCS
      rats excreted more urinary 35SO4 and less [35S]taurine than controls after
      intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 mmol/100 g [35S]methionine or [35S]cysteine.
      Total urinary taurine excretion was similar in PCS and control rats after a
      methionine or cysteine load; however, under basal conditions PCS rats had higher
      urinary taurine levels than controls, indicating that PCS may cause the taurine
      pool to be expanded. Hepatic methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, and cysteine pools
      were significantly decreased in PCS rats, while S-adenosylhomocysteine levels
      were unchanged. Relative rates of transsulfuration in PCS and control rats were
      studied by following the decrease in the 3H-to-35S ratio in liver protein after
      injection of [methyl-3H]methionine and [35S]methionine, and no difference in flux
      of 35S from [35S]methionine to [35S]cysteine was found. Similarly, total hepatic
      activities of methionine adenosyltransferase, cystathionine synthase, and
      cystathionine gamma-lyase were unchanged in PCS rats. These results indicate that
      altered methionine metabolism in PCS rats is not explained by changes in
      conversion of methionine to cysteine via the transsulfuration pathway.

PMID- 4037084
TI  - Age-related changes in rat intestinal transport of D-glucose, sodium, and water.
AB  - Experiments were performed with everted sacs of jejunum and ileum and brush
      border membrane vesicles from four different age groups of rats: very young,
      young, adult, and old. The changes with age in several parameters, such as cell
      electrolyte and D-glucose concentrations, cell volume, net D-glucose, Na+ and
      water transport, and D-glucose uptake into vesicles, were studied. Differences in
      transport activities in the four age groups of animals were observed. In the
      jejunum the greatest transport was found in young rats and less in adult, very
      young, and old rats. In the ileum, the greatest transport activity was found in
      very young and young rats, while in adult and old animals transport activity was
      negligible. The cell volume of the enterocyte was significantly smaller in old
      rats. Changes in cell electrolytes (increased Na+ and decreased K+) were observed
      only in the jejunum of old rats. The overshoot of D-glucose in brush-border
      membrane vesicles varied considerably in the four different age groups of
      animals. In other words, the capacity for sugar uptake into vesicles is greater
      in young rats than in very young or adult animals. In old rats there was no
      overshoot, and a slow linear increase of sugar entry was observed. The results
      indicate that the changes in D-glucose transport with age might be explained in
      part by the changes in the amount of sugar that crosses the brush-border membrane
      of the enterocyte.

PMID- 4037085
TI  - Tone of canine ileocolonic junction: topography and response to phasic
      contractions.
AB  - We wished to define the physiology of the canine ileocolonic sphincter (ICS) and
      to examine function in relation to the region's anatomy. Prolonged recordings of
      tone at the ICS were made from seven dogs with isolated ileocolonic loops, and
      the effects of ileal and colonic distension on sphincteric tone were assessed. In
      acute experiments, pull-through pressures were measured at the ICS, and the
      location of the high-pressure zone was related to the region's anatomy. Basal
      tone at the ICS of approximately 30 cmH2O was confirmed; tone was augmented by
      colonic and ileal distension. The high-pressure zone was always centered on the
      anatomic ICS, but it extended into the adjacent ileum and colon for a total
      length of 2.0 cm (range 1.5-3.0 cm). Phasic contractions contributed to the
      maintenance of tone at the ICS, and a coordinated pattern of phasic contractions
      appears to contribute to the sphincteric properties of the region.

PMID- 4037086
TI  - Countercurrent exchange of water in canine jejunum.
AB  - The possibility of countercurrent exchange of water molecules in canine
      intestinal villi has been examined. Tritium-labeled water (3H2O) molecules were
      introduced either into the fluid lavaging the intestinal lumen or into the
      arterial blood supply for varying periods of time. Quickly frozen samples of
      intestinal tissue were sectioned such that isotopic concentrations at the villus
      tip, midvillus, villus base, and underlying submucosa and muscle could be
      determined. The villus concentration gradients observed were consistent with the
      existence of a countercurrent exchange but could also be explained by alternative
      arrangements. More convincing evidence of a countercurrent was obtained from
      experiments in which [14C]inulin was introduced simultaneously with 3H2O into the
      intestinal artery. The villus tip-to-base concentration ratio for 3H2O was less
      than one while the ratio for inulin was greater than one, thus vitiating the
      alternative explanations and leading to the conclusion that the labeled water
      molecules must have undergone a countercurrent exchange.

PMID- 4037087
TI  - Dietary fat assimilation and bile salt absorption in the killifish intestine.
AB  - Radiolabeled taurocholate (TC) and triolein were used to study fat assimilation
      and bile salt absorption in the stomachless saltwater killifish, Fundulus
      heteroclitus. Fat absorption occurred primarily in the proximal intestine with
      approximately 87% of a single dose (9 mg fat/8 g fish) absorbed in 2 h. Luminal
      triolein hydrolysis and enterocyte triolein resynthesis were tightly coupled.
      Killifish gallbladder bile contains taurocholate and cholate in an equal molar
      ratio at a combined concentration of 237 +/- 25 mM (n = 10) in 24-h-fasted fish.
      During fat assimilation luminal bile salt and fatty acid concentrations ranged
      between 10 and 30 mM. Between and during meals the total concentration of bile
      salts in the intestinal tissue remained roughly constant (4-6 mM) with the
      proximal one-third of the intestine containing 40% of the total and the remainder
      equally distributed between the mid and distal regions. All three regions of the
      intestine rapidly incorporated ingested TC in vivo, with the amount incorporated
      proportional to the pool size. In contrast, in vitro at low TC concentrations (60
      nM), the distal one-third of the intestine incorporated 10 times as much TC in 2
      min uptake experiments as the proximal and mid regions. Although there are many
      similarities between fat and bile salt assimilation in killifish and mammals,
      overall the processes are much simpler in killifish.

PMID- 4037088
TI  - Na+ gradient-dependent glycine uptake in basolateral membrane vesicles from the
      dog kidney.
AB  - The imposition of a Na+ gradient (extravesicular greater than intravesicular)
      stimulated the uptake of [3H]glycine measured over time in basolateral membrane
      vesicles from dog kidney over that measured in the presence of a choline+
      gradient or measured under Na+-equilibrated conditions. Na+ gradient-dependent
      uptake of [3H]glycine was stimulated by an intravesicular-negative membrane
      potential. Efflux of [3H]glycine was enhanced by an intravesicular-positive
      membrane potential. Substrate velocity analysis of net Na+-dependent [3H]glycine
      uptake over the range of amino acid concentrations from 10 to 500 microM
      demonstrated a single saturable transport system with apparent Km = 84 microM and
      apparent Vmax = 143 pmol [3H]glycine X mg protein-1 X 15 s-1. Counterflow of
      [3H]glycine was demonstrated in the presence of Na+ when basolateral vesicles
      were preloaded with glycine but not with L-alanine or L-proline. These findings
      are consistent with carrier-mediated, electrogenic cotransport of Na+ and glycine
      in basolateral vesicles. Unlike the case for [3H]glycine, Na+ gradient-dependent
      uptake of neither L-[3H]alanine nor L-[3H]proline was observed in basolateral
      vesicles. Na+ gradient-dependent uptake of all three amino acids was demonstrated
      in brush border vesicles from the dog kidney. We conclude that variability exists
      between basolateral and brush border membranes in terms of the presence or
      absence of Na+-dependent transport systems for specific amino acids. This
      variability probably reflects differences between the functional significances of
      the Na+-dependent transport processes in the two membranes.

PMID- 4037089
TI  - Effect of pentobarbital and hemorrhage on renal autoregulation.
AB  - Renal blood flow and hemodynamic autoregulation were assessed in seven
      chronically instrumented canines studied in the conscious state and after
      pentobarbital anesthesia administration (30 mg/kg). The effects of acute arterial
      hemorrhage (10 and 15 ml/kg) were also studied. In the conscious state, no
      significant changes in autoregulation were observed following 10 mg/kg
      hemorrhage. With pentobarbital and 10 ml/kg hemorrhage, a significant change in
      the limits of autoregulation was noted (autoregulatory limit 78.5 +/- 16.6 vs.
      88.4 +/- 25.3 mmHg, P less than 0.05). Four animals were also studied in the
      conscious state following 15 ml/kg acute arterial hemorrhage. In these animals,
      mean arterial pressure decreased (from 105.0 +/- 11.4 to 87.8 +/- 7.2 mmHg, P
      less than 0.025) but renal blood flow (from 293 +/- 38 to 272 +/- 65 ml/min) and
      autoregulatory limit did not change. We conclude that renal blood flow is
      unaffected by hemorrhage or pentobarbital alone. In the conscious state, renal
      pressure-flow autoregulation is maintained despite moderate hemorrhage and
      systemic hypotension. The lower limit of autoregulation is significantly changed
      by even minor hemorrhage in the pentobarbital-anesthetized state.

PMID- 4037090
TI  - Heteroporous model of glomerular size selectivity: application to normal and
      nephrotic humans.
AB  - A heteroporous model of the glomerular filtration barrier was developed and used
      to interpret dextransieving data in healthy volunteers (normal controls), in
      patients with nephrotic range proteinuria (grouped as grades I-III, according to
      severity), and in a group of previously nephrotic patients whose proteinuria was
      in remission ("resolved controls"). Several hypothetical pore-size distributions
      were compared in terms of their ability to describe the selective increases in
      the fractional clearance of large dextrans observed with increasing severity of
      proteinuria. The most successful model examined was based on the assumption that
      the major portion of the capillary wall functions as an isoporous membrane, but
      that a small fraction of the filtrate passes through pores that are unable to
      discriminate among dextrans of different sizes. The value of the membrane
      parameter that reflects the relative importance of the nonselective pores was
      found to increase in parallel with the fractional clearance of immunoglobulin G;
      it increased progressively in going from normal controls to resolved controls to
      grades I-III nephrotics. The observed patterns of protein excretion could not,
      however, be explained entirely by a loss of glomerular size selectivity.
      Variations in membrane selectivity on the basis of molecular charge and/or
      molecular configuration are also likely to have been important.

PMID- 4037091
TI  - Renal interstitial pressure in mineralocorticoid escape.
AB  - Studies were performed in normal and DOCA-treated rats to determine renal
      hydrostatic pressures within superficial peritubular capillaries, the vasa recta,
      and renal interstitium during mineralocorticoid escape to test the hypothesis
      that mineralocorticoid escape is associated with elevated renal interstitial
      hydrostatic pressure. Fractional sodium excretion was greater in the DOCA-treated
      rats (3.20 +/- 0.51%) compared with control rats (1.23 +/- 0.12%) with no
      difference in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow between the two
      groups. Superficial peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure (13.4 +/- 0.6 vs.
      8.3 +/- 0.3 mmHg), vasa recta hydrostatic pressure (13.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 9.0 +/- 0.4
      mmHg), renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure (9.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.4
      mmHg), and arterial pressure (145 +/- 6 vs. 120 +/- 7 mmHg) were greater in the
      DOCA-treated compared with the control rats. These studies establish that
      mineralocorticoid escape is characterized by high renal interstitial hydrostatic
      pressure.

PMID- 4037092
TI  - Sodium-pyrazinoate cotransport in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles.
AB  - Pyrazinoate (PZA) is an organic anion actively reabsorbed and secreted in the
      mammalian kidney. In experiments with rabbit renal brush border membrane
      vesicles, we characterized a sodium-PZA cotransport mechanism that could be
      involved in reabsorption. An inwardly directed sodium gradient stimulated the
      influx of PZA. The sodium-dependent transport was electroneutral, suggesting a
      1:1 stoichiometry. The kinetic constants for sodium-PZA cotransport were measured
      under initial linear flux and zero trans conditions for both sodium and PZA. The
      apparent Km for sodium was about 60 mM. At 90 mM sodium the apparent Km for PZA
      was about 1.1 mM; increasing the sodium concentration augmented the apparent
      affinity for PZA. Cis inhibition of sodium-dependent PZA uptake was observed by
      the addition of nicotinate, lactate, probenecid, succinate, beta-hydroxybutyrate,
      and salicylate. Urate had no effect. [14C]PZA uptake was trans stimulated by PZA
      itself, lactate, and nicotinate. PZA shares a transport system(s) involved in the
      proximal tubular reabsorption of these two anions.

PMID- 4037093
TI  - Intracellular pH in the isolated perfused rabbit proximal straight tubule.
AB  - For the purpose of measuring the intracellular pH (pHi) of the mammalian renal
      proximal tubule, a liquid membrane pH microelectrode was made using a neutral
      hydrogen ion-selective carrier. The pHi of the rabbit proximal straight tubule
      perfused in vitro with a solution containing 25 mM HCO3- was 7.22 +/- 0.03. We
      noted a value significantly lower than the bath pH of 7.44 +/- 0.02 but
      significantly higher than the pHi of 6.62 +/- 0.03 predicted for passive H+
      distribution. Replacement of luminal Na+ with choline quickly (within 1 min)
      decreased pHi from 7.25 +/- 0.05 to 7.10 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.001). This
      change was reversible when Na+ was added again in the luminal solution. A
      reduction of luminal Na+ from 20 mM to 0 also reduced pHi from 7.15 +/- 0.06 to
      7.04 +/- 0.08, and this pHi reduction was blocked by luminal addition of 1 mM
      amiloride. However, pHi reduction induced by luminal Na+ removal was not affected
      by luminal addition of 1 mM SITS. Replacement of bath Na+ with choline also
      reversibly reduced pHi from 7.27 +/- 0.02 to 7.15 +/- 0.02 (P less than 0.001),
      but this change was totally blocked by the presence of 1 mM SITS. Accordingly,
      these data suggest that a Na+-H+ exchanger exists in the luminal membrane of the
      intact rabbit proximal straight tubule.

PMID- 4037094
TI  - Hypotension 1.5 min after 10% hemorrhage permits evaluation of rabbit's
      baroreflex.
AB  - In seven chronically instrumented rabbits, we studied the influence of the
      vasopressin system on the evaluation of acute reflex compensation of arterial
      pressure for a mild hemorrhage. Rabbits were bled 10% of estimated blood volume
      in 1 min. The hemorrhage was repeated before and after administration of a
      vasopressin antagonist [d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)arginine vasopressin, 10 micrograms/kg] and
      in the conscious and anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium 20 mg/kg) state. The
      efficacy of the vasopressin antagonist was preliminarily tested in each rabbit by
      confirming its antagonism against the hemodynamic effects of infused vasopressin
      (50 ng X min-1 X kg-1). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), mean
      aortic flow (MAF), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured before and
      at 1.5 min after completion of hemorrhage. The hemorrhage caused statistically
      significant decrease in MAP (84 +/- 6 to 78 +/- 6 mmHg) and MAF (195 +/- 28 to
      158 +/- 26 ml X kg-1 X min-1) and increase in TRP (0.44 +/- 0.05 to 0.51 +/- 0.07
      mmHg X kg X min X ml-1) and HR (271 +/- 21 to 284 +/- 22 beat/min). However,
      there was no statistically significant interaction in any variables between
      vasopressin and hemorrhage, i.e., whether vasopressin was blocked or intact did
      not affect the fall in MAP by hemorrhage. We conclude that in the rabbit
      vasopressin's role in the acute compensation of arterial pressure for a quick 10%
      hemorrhage is small enough to permit accurate estimation of the arterial
      baroreflex gain from the depressor responses to mild hemorrhage with and without
      the reflex function.

PMID- 4037095
TI  - Nicotine increases heart adenosine release, oxygen consumption, and
      contractility.
AB  - The effect of nicotine on adenosine release, oxygen consumption, and
      contractility was investigated in perfused rat hearts. Continuous infusion of
      nicotine into the perfusing physiological saline (PS) elicited a propranolol (10(
      6) M) sensitive transient elevation of developed left ventricular pressure (LVP)
      and maximum rates of left ventricular pressure development and relaxation (+/-
      dP/dtmax) within 20 s, which subsequently declined to maintained elevated plateau
      levels by 1 min. The continuous infusions of nicotine to achieve PS
      concentrations of 5 X 10(-4), 1 X 10(-4), or 5 X 10(-5) M, respectively resulted
      in significant increases in the mean plateau levels of LVP (33.4, 10.1, or 6.3%),
      +dP/dtmax (26.3, 10.8, or 6.9%) and-dP/dtmax (35.0, 11.9, or 9.0%) at 1 min. The
      inclusion of propranolol (10(-6) M) with or without atropine (10(-6) M) did not
      alter these maintained plateau responses to nicotine. During the plateau phase of
      the contractile response oxygen consumption of the hearts was significantly
      elevated by 36, 19, or 11%, and mean levels for adenosine in the coronary
      effluent rose by 261, 76, or 74% in response to 5 X 10(-4), 1 X 10(-4), or 5 X
      10(-5) M nicotine, respectively. Nicotine did not influence [14C]adenosine uptake
      by the hearts. These results suggest that nicotine is capable of 1) augmenting
      cardiac contractility and oxygen consumption independent of beta-adrenergic or
      muscarinic influence, and 2) elevating the appearance of adenosine in the
      coronary circulation presumably by enhancing myocardial production of the
      nucleoside.

PMID- 4037096
TI  - Measurement of calcium influx in tethered rings of rabbit aorta under tension.
AB  - Calcium (Ca) influx in vascular smooth muscle is routinely measured in untethered
      preparations not under passive stretch, and Ca influx data are correlated with
      data for steady-state isometric tension obtained under parallel conditions from
      tethered preparations under passive stretch. The validity of this method was
      tested by simultaneous measurement of Ca influx and tension in tethered rings of
      rabbit thoracic aorta. Ca influx (45Ca 3-min pulse) and tension were measured at
      3 and 30 min after norepinephrine (NE) or KCl and under control (no agonist)
      conditions. Active tension was significantly altered by variations in passive
      tension. Ca influx was unaffected by passive tension under control, NE, or KCl
      conditions, and results were similar at 3 and 30 min. The results confirm the
      validity of correlating Ca influx data from untethered rings with steady-state
      contractile response data obtained from tethered rings under similar experimental
      conditions.

PMID- 4037097
TI  - Effects of peptide leukotrienes on cardiac dynamics in rat, cat, and guinea pig
      hearts.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to examine potential inotropic
      effects of leukotrienes C4 (LTC4) and D4 (LTD4) in relation to their potent
      coronary constricting effects. The experiments were carried out in isolated
      Langendorff perfused hearts and isolated electrically driven isometrically
      contracting papillary muscle preparations. Tissues from cat, rat, and guinea pig
      were used in the study. Both LTC4 and LTD4 at 50 ng/ml had no effect on papillary
      muscles isolated from the rat, guinea pig, or cat. These papillary muscles
      responded to known negative inotropic agents including pentobarbital sodium and
      methanol. In isolated hearts perfused under constant flow, both LTC4 and LTD4 at
      50 ng/ml increased coronary perfusion pressure and decreased contractile force of
      the heart in all three species. In hearts perfused under constant pressure
      perfusion, both LTC4 and LTD4 decreased coronary flow with concomitant decreases
      in contractile force. The leukotriene antagonist, FPL 55712, blocked both the
      coronary constrictor and the cardiodepressant effects of both leukotrienes.
      Pentobarbital (100 micrograms/ml) significantly decreased cardiac contractile
      force without inducing coronary vasoconstriction. These findings demonstrate that
      LTC4 and LTD4 do not possess direct negative inotropic activity in cardiac
      muscles of these three species. However, LTC4 and LTD4 are potent coronary
      constrictors that can secondarily decrease myocardial contractile force via their
      coronary constrictor action.

PMID- 4037098
TI  - Age-related changes in regional blood flow in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the changes in regional
      blood flow and central hemodynamic measures that occur in the rat as a result of
      the aging process. The isotope-labeled microsphere technique was used to measure
      cardiac output and regional blood flows in conscious and anesthetized adult (12
      mo) and senescent (24 mo) Fischer 344 virgin female rats. No significant changes
      were observed in central hemodynamic measurements or regional blood flows in
      conscious rats with the exception of a 25% reduction in splenic blood flow.
      Pentobarbital anesthesia significantly reduced cardiac index and heart rate but
      elevated total peripheral resistance and mean arterial blood pressure. There was
      a decrease in blood flow to skeletal muscle, spleen, duodenum, stomach, and brain
      tissue samples and increased hepatic arterial blood flow in both age groups. The
      use of anesthesia caused a greater reduction in the cardiac index and brain blood
      flow in the senescent anesthetized rats than in the adult rats. Heart and kidney
      blood flows were decreased by anesthesia in the senescent rats but not in the
      adult rats. Skeletal muscle blood flow, however, was significantly greater in the
      senescent anesthetized rats than in the younger anesthetized animals. Although
      body weight and organ weights of the liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, heart, and
      brain were significantly greater for the senescent rats, no differences could be
      demonstrated in tibial length or lean body mass.

PMID- 4037099
TI  - Recovery of ventricular function in reperfused ischemic rat hearts exposed to
      fatty acids.
AB  - The relationship between tissue levels of fatty acid metabolites in ischemic and
      reperfused hearts and recovery of mechanical function of these hearts on
      reperfusion was studied. Isolated rat hearts were exposed to global ischemia for
      periods up to 60 min under various conditions of coronary flow, O2 supply, and
      fatty acid concentrations and were then reperfused for either 15 or 30 min under
      aerobic conditions both with and without fatty acids present. Tissue levels of
      ATP, creatine phosphate, long-chain acyl CoA, and long-chain acyl carnitine were
      determined at the end of the ischemic and reperfusion periods. In some
      experiments K+ arrest during ischemia was used to prevent adenine nucleotide
      depletion both in the absence and presence of high fatty acids. Although the
      ability of these hearts to recover their preischemic mechanical function varied
      from 8 to 90% and tissue levels of acyl CoA and acyl carnitine during ischemia
      varied from 3- to 10-fold depending on the condition, no correlation was found
      between the recovery of function during reperfusion and either the presence of
      fatty acid or high levels of tissue long-chain acyl CoA and carnitine esters
      during ischemia.

PMID- 4037100
TI  - Microvascular pressure, surface area, and permeability in isolated hindquarters
      of SHR.
AB  - The transvascular escape rate (TER) of labeled albumin is reported to increase in
      essential hypertension. However, the mechanism for this augmented rate of protein
      efflux is uncertain and may be related to increased microvascular permeability,
      surface area, and/or pressure. To determine the possible contributions of these
      mechanisms to increased TER of protein, the osmotic reflection coefficient for
      total plasma protein, capillary filtration coefficient, and effective capillary
      pressure were estimated in isolated hindquarters of age-matched (12-13 wk)
      spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and Wistar (WR) rats.
      Estimates of the reflection and filtration coefficients were not significantly
      different in SHR, WKY, and WR. However, capillary pressure was significantly
      greater in SHR than in normotensive controls. These results indicate that 1)
      skeletal muscle microvascular permeability and surface area are similar in SHR,
      WKY, and WR; 2) effective capillary pressure is greater in SHR than WKY or WR;
      and 3) if TER for protein is elevated in hypertensive skeletal muscle, the
      primary mechanism for this process may be increased convective transport of
      protein secondary to elevated microvascular hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 4037102
TI  - Myocardial perfusion in compensated and failing hypertrophied left ventricle.
AB  - This study examined blood flow in the hypertrophied left ventricle with and
      without failure. Left ventricular hypertrophy was produced in 20 dogs by banding
      the ascending aorta at 6-7 wk of age; studies were performed after animals
      reached adulthood. Sixteen dogs had compensated hypertrophy, while four dogs had
      cardiac failure manifested by left ventricular dilatation and end-diastolic
      pressures greater than 18 mmHg. The degree of hypertrophy, assessed by left
      ventricular-to-body weight ratio, was similar in animals with compensated
      hypertrophy (7.29 +/- 0.26 g/kg) and failure (8.45 +/- 0.15); both were greater
      than control (4.50 +/- 0.15, P less than 0.01). Left ventricular systolic
      pressure was similar in compensated hypertrophy (184 +/- 9 mmHg) and failure (226
      +/- 29), as compared with control (130 +/- 4; P less than 0.01). Left ventricular
      blood flow measured with microspheres was 0.89 +/- 0.07 ml X min-1 X g-1 in
      control animals, was increased to 1.34 +/- 0.05 with compensated hypertrophy (P
      less than 0.001), and was further increased with failure to 1.86 +/- 0.40 (P less
      than 0.05). The left ventricular wall thickness-to-cavity diameter ratio was
      increased to 0.63 +/- 0.04 with compensated hypertrophy but was only 0.40 +/-
      0.05 in dogs with failure (P less than 0.01), suggesting that wall stress was
      greater in hearts with failure. These data suggest that increased blood flow
      rates in dogs with failure resulted from increased myocardial O2 requirements due
      to increased systolic wall stress. Need for increased blood flow during resting
      conditions in dogs with failure would impair the ability for further coronary
      vasodilation during periods of cardiac stress.

PMID- 4037101
TI  - Relationship between caffeine effects and calcium in canine cardiac Purkinje
      fibers.
AB  - The actions of caffeine (1-9 mM) on electrical and mechanical events were studied
      under conditions known to change the intracellular calcium in canine cardiac
      Purkinje fibers perfused in vitro. It was found that caffeine in a dose-dependent
      manner 1) shifts the early repolarization to more positive values, 2) shifts the
      plateau to more negative values, 3) prolongs the terminal phase 3 (induction of a
      "tail"), 4) transiently increases and then decreases the force of contraction
      with respect to control values, 5) causes a smaller tail in the presence of
      agents (local anesthetics, tetrodotoxin, high potassium) that have been shown to
      diminish the force of contraction, presumably by decreasing cellular calcium, 6)
      causes the oscillatory potentials in high calcium to peak sooner after the action
      potential and eventually to disappear as the tail develops, 7) induces a tail at
      lower concentrations when cellular calcium is enhanced by lowering the external
      sodium concentration or in the presence of veratridine, and 8) fails to induce a
      marked tail in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. It is concluded that in
      Purkinje fibers caffeine induces a marked delay in the final repolarization
      through a process modulated by calcium. This process may be related to an
      electrogenic sodium-calcium exchange.

PMID- 4037103
TI  - Standardization of end-systolic pressure-volume relation in the dog.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) volume elastance (Emax) and its volume intercept (Vo) are
      subject to considerable intersubject and interspecies variation. In humans,
      indexing with body surface area does not decrease variance. Because these are
      volume indexes, it was considered they would better standardize against body or
      LV weight. Fifteen open-chest mongrel dogs (mean wt 25.9 +/- 8.0 kg, range 15.6
      42.5) were studied under 1% halothane anesthesia. Emax, derived by caval
      occlusion, averaged 9.0 +/- 4.4 mmHg X ml-1 (range 4.1-16.1) with a coefficient
      of variation (CV) of 48%. Average Vo was 19.6 +/- 10.5 ml (range 8.3-40.3) with a
      CV of 53%. LV weight was 110 +/- 21 g (range 78-147). Vo correlated best with LV
      weight: Y = 0.47 X - 31.78, r = 0.93, and adjustment of Vo by regression reduced
      CV to 20%. Emax was closely correlated with either 1/dog wt [Y = 313.02 (1/X) -
      4.16, r = 0.88, CV = 23% after adjustment by regression] or 1/LV wt [Y = 2088.63
      (1/X) - 10.72, r = 0.86, CV = 25% after adjustment]. Indexing of Emax by dog
      weight (CV = 29%) or LV weight (CV = 35%) reduced variation but by less than
      adjustment by regression. A subset of eight dogs had inotropic state varied,
      which had no effect on the relation between Vo and LV weight, but which resulted
      in an appropriate change (P less than 0.025) in the relation between Emax and
      1/LV wt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037104
TI  - Modeling of time-variant coupling between left ventricle and aorta in cardiac
      cycle.
AB  - An analytical model is developed to study the interaction between the left
      ventricle and vascular system. Ventricular pressure is expressed as a function of
      the chamber volume, volumetric strain rate, and the degree of activation. A three
      element Wind-kessel model is employed to represent the hydraulic properties of
      the vascular system. Conditions of interaction between the left ventricle and the
      vascular system are formulated in mathematical terms. Numerical solutions are
      obtained for the mechanical events occurring during a cardiac cycle as a function
      of time. The time variations of aortic pressure and ventricular volume predicted
      by the model compare well with the experimental results of Sunagawa and co
      workers [Am. J. Physiol. 243 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 12): H346-H350, 1982, and Am.
      J. Physiol. 245 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 14): H773-H780, 1983]. Furthermore, the
      application of the present model to the experimental data has allowed the
      derivation of the intrinsic contractility parameters in these experiments. The
      unique features of this analytical model are that 1) it provides the time-variant
      pressure and volume curves of the left ventricle in relation to the aorta, 2) it
      generates information on the effects of heart rate on these hemodynamic
      parameters, and 3) it allows the derivation of intrinsic contractility parameters
      from experimental data.

PMID- 4037106
TI  - Measurement of peak systolic elastance in intact canine circulation with servo
      pump.
AB  - Peak systolic elastance (Emax) was measured in the intact canine circulation by
      means of a new experimental technique. In this technique the heart is isolated
      from the circulation during a single systole and subjected to controlled
      ventricular loads. An electropneumatic aortic occluder is used to isolate the
      ventricle, and a servo-controlled syringe pump is used to control the ventricular
      load. Because the experimental load is applied for a single heartbeat only,
      ventricular function can be measured without the interference of regulatory
      feedback mechanisms. In eight dogs, weighing 17-42 kg, the relationship between
      changes in endsystolic pressure and volume was determined from the single-beat
      application of purely compliant loads. The end-systolic relations were linear,
      and their slope, Emax, was inversely related to weight. The observed relation
      between Emax and body weight allows comparisons to be made between different
      preparations in which Emax has been determined. Values of Emax obtained from the
      single-beat preparation were found to be 27-74% above those reported in isolated
      heart preparations and nearly identical to those reported for in vivo or
      denervated in situ preparations.

PMID- 4037105
TI  - Leukotriene end organ antagonists increase pulmonary blood flow in fetal lambs.
AB  - The factors responsible for maintaining the normally low pulmonary blood flow and
      high pulmonary vascular resistance in the fetus are not well understood. Since
      leukotrienes are potent pulmonary vasoconstrictors in many adult animal species,
      we determined whether leukotrienes were perhaps involved in the control of the
      fetal pulmonary circulation by studying the effects of putative leukotriene end
      organ antagonists in two groups of fetal lambs. In six fetal lambs studied at 130
      134 days gestation, FPL 55712 increased pulmonary blood flow by 61% (P less than
      0.05) and reduced pulmonary vascular resistance by 45% (P less than 0.05). There
      was a small increase in heart rate but no changes in pulmonary and systemic
      arterial pressures and systemic arterial blood gases. In six other fetal lambs
      studied at 130-140 days gestation, FPL 57231 increased pulmonary blood flow by
      580% (P less than 0.05) and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance by 87% (P
      less than 0.05). Pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures decreased (P less than
      0.05), and heart rate increased (P less than 0.05). Leukotriene end organ
      antagonism significantly increases fetal pulmonary blood flow and decreases
      pulmonary vascular resistance. Leukotrienes may play a role in the physiological
      control of the fetal pulmonary circulation.

PMID- 4037107
TI  - Electrophysiology of functional subsidiary pacemakers in canine right atrium.
AB  - Glass microelectrodes were used to study the electrical activity of the
      subsidiary atrial pacemaker (SAP) cells that maintain atrial excitation after
      suppression of the sinoatrial node. Tissues with documented SAP activity were
      isolated from the canine inferior right atrium and superfused in vitro with
      Tyrode solution containing norepinephrine (NE, 10(-8)-10(-7) M). SAP action
      potentials exhibited prominent diastolic depolarization and a significantly lower
      maximum diastolic potential, take-off potential, overshoot, rate of rise, and
      amplitude than typical atrial muscle. Withdrawal of NE completely blocked SAP
      propagation, although SAP automaticity continued at a slower rate. Acetylcholine
      (ACh, 5 X 10(-8) M) usually produced complete exit block and decreased
      spontaneous rate. Higher concentrations of ACh (10(-6) M) elicited a prominent
      hyperpolarization (19.2 +/- 6.6 mV), completely suppressing SAP automaticity. In
      quiescent preparations exposed to NE greater than or equal to 10(-7) M, external
      stimuli at short cycle lengths (less than 1,000 ms) elicited action potentials
      with delayed afterdepolarizations, which frequently caused nondriven repetitive
      activity. This triggered activity was inhibited by verapamil or withdrawal of NE.
      These studies identify and characterize the electrical activity of functional
      subsidiary pacemakers located in a specific region of the inferior right atrium.
      In addition, fibers within this region display triggered activity. Spontaneous
      activity generated by fibers within the SAP region may cause atrial dysrhythmias.

PMID- 4037108
TI  - Effects of anoxia and ischemia on thallium exchange in rabbit myocardium.
AB  - We investigated the effects of anoxia and ischemia on thallium (201Tl) exchange
      using isolated rabbit interventricular septa. Anoxia for 20 or 40 min caused a
      decrease in 201Tl tissue uptake due to an increased efflux of 201Tl with a
      smaller increase in 201Tl influx. Between 40 and 60 min of anoxia, the increased
      efflux of 201Tl was reversed and the increase in 201Tl influx was absent. After
      60 min of reoxygenation, septa made anoxic for 20-60 min recovered at least 95%
      of the Tl lost. Mechanical recovery, however, was still significantly depressed.
      Reperfusion after total ischemia for 20-60 min was followed by resumption of
      201Tl uptake despite continued mechanical dysfunction. Efflux rates during
      reperfusion after ischemia were significantly different from preischemic values
      but not in a predictable way. This unpredictability complicates interpretation of
      clinical 201Tl redistribution studies. These results represent important
      differences from those reported previously using 42K [Am. J. Physiol. 232 (Heart
      Circ. Physiol. 1): H85-H94 and H564-H570, 1977]. Anoxia did not increase the
      influx of 42K. Also, 60 min of ischemia resulted in progressive losses of 42K.
      This implies there are different sensitivities and/or mechanisms for Tl compared
      with K uptake. Our results are consistent with 201Tl uptake by severely damaged
      and nonviable cells.

PMID- 4037109
TI  - Incomplete coronary vasodilation during myocardial ischemia in swine.
AB  - To determine if endogenous (ENDG) vasodilation was maximum during myocardial
      ischemia, left anterior descending (LAD) mean pressure (P) was reduced for 20 min
      in 13 swine. At LAD P of 45 mmHg (LAD P45) flow fell during ENDG = 25 but rose to
      44 ml/min during adenosine (AD) infusion (P less than 0.01). Flow increased to
      subendocardium (ENDG 0.65 vs. AD 1.04 ml X min-1 X g-1) and to subepicardium
      (ENDG 0.99 vs. AD 1.83 ml X min-1 X g-1; P less than 0.05). No significant change
      occurred in myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2; ENDG 2.91 vs. AD 3.18 ml X min-1 X g
      1), lactate extraction (ENDG = -5 vs. AD-1%), and wall thickening (WTh; ENDG + 16
      vs. AD + 17%). At LAD P35, flow during ENDG was 12 but rose to 19 ml/min during
      AD (P less than 0.01). Flow increased to subendocardium (ENDG 0.24 vs. AD 0.46 ml
      X min-1 X g-1; P less than 0.02) and subepicardium (ENDG 0.51 vs. AD 0.87 ml X
      min-1 X g-1; P less than 0.01). No significant change occurred in MVo2 (ENDG 1.38
      vs. AD 1.59 ml/min), lactate extraction (ENDG -38 vs. AD -22%), WTh (ENDG -1 vs.
      AD + 1%). Thus endogenous vasodilation reserve was not used fully during
      ischemia. AD increased flow but did not improve abnormalities in myocardial
      function or metabolism.

PMID- 4037110
TI  - End-systolic pressure-volume, pressure-length, and stress-strain relations in
      canine hearts.
AB  - End-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) of the in situ heart in the dog
      was measured during changes in contractile state and was compared with end
      systolic pressure-length (ESPLR) or stress-strain relationship (ESSSR).
      Circumferential segmental length and wall thickness at the equator and external
      long and short axis diameters of the left ventricle (LV) were determined
      sonomicrometrically, and LV volume was calculated by an ellipsoidal model.
      Circumferential wall stress at the equator was calculated by a very thin shell
      model. Contractile state was enhanced by an intravenous infusion of dobutamine
      and was suppressed by propranolol. ESPVR, ESPLR, and ESSSR were determined during
      a reduction of arterial pressure by occluding temporarily the inferior caval vein
      (IVC). ESPVR, ESPLR, and ESSSR during changes in end-systolic pressure from 108
      +/- 3 to 71 +/- 2 mmHg were linear, irrespective of inotropic states (r greater
      than 0.92). Slopes of these relationships increased similarly in case of
      dobutamine and were reduced after propranolol, yet the extrapolated X-axis
      intercept of ESPVR, ESPLR, and ESSSR remained unchanged. Thus the slope of ESPVR
      is unique to the inotropic state, and both ESPLR and ESSSR are useful as a
      substitute for ESPVR when there is no regional wall motion abnormality.

PMID- 4037112
TI  - New implanted chronic catheter device for determining blood pressure and cardiac
      output in conscious dog.
AB  - The Vascular-Access-Port (VAP) is a subcutaneous implantable device designed for
      repeated venous blood sampling in humans. With slight modifications the device
      has been used in the arterial and venous systems of dogs. This device allows for
      chronic repeated arterial blood pressure monitoring, monitoring of cardiac
      outputs, and blood sampling in conscious dogs. Infection, vascular thrombosis,
      and catheter extraction have not occurred. This modified VAP has been used for 6
      mo and in 25 dogs to date without any failure to determine arterial blood
      pressure and cardiac output.

PMID- 4037111
TI  - Influence of buffers on dV/dtmax recovery kinetics with lidocaine in myocardium.
AB  - Buffers are reported to modify electrical function of heart tissue. Since
      electrophysiological actions of antiarrhythmic drugs are examined in different
      buffer systems, we set out to examine the influence of buffers on lidocaine's
      electrophysiological actions by measuring recovery kinetics of maximum upstroke
      velocity (dV/dtmax) in lidocaine solutions buffered with HCO-3-CO2, N-2
      hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), and
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) at extracellular pH 7.4. Transmembrane
      potential and dV/dtmax were recorded from guinea pig papillary muscle. Recovery
      kinetics were determined by introducing progressively earlier test stimuli during
      diastole. During lidocaine (1.5 X 10(-5) M) exposure, the time constant (Tr) of
      dV/dtmax recovery significantly increased when 21 mM HCO-3-5% CO2 was replaced by
      either 5 mM HEPES (38 +/- 8%, mean, +/- SED) or 5 mM Tris (41 +/- 6%). This
      potentiation of Tr was 1) reversed by increasing Tris to 20 mM, and 2) also
      abolished by restoring HCO-3-CO2 to HEPES or Tris solutions. Decreasing HCO-3 (21
      4 mM) and CO2 (5-1%) increased Tr by 27 +/- 1%. We propose that the mechanism for
      the potentiation of Tr is therefore related to buffer concentration rather than
      to the lack of HCO-3-CO2. We speculate that, by reducing surface pH, lowered
      buffer capacity can slow the rate of dV/dtmax recovery.

PMID- 4037113
TI  - Prejunctional adrenergic inhibition by aggregating platelets in canine blood
      vessels.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine the effect of aggregating platelets on
      adrenergic neurotransmission. Rings of canine saphenous veins and left circumflex
      coronary arteries were incubated with [3H]norepinephrine and suspended for
      superfusion. Aggregating platelets and exogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine decreased
      the overflow of [3H]norepinephrine evoked by electrical stimulation of the
      adrenergic nerve endings. The reduction of transmitter overflow caused by 5
      hydroxytryptamine was prevented by the serotonergic antagonist methiothepin in a
      concentration that did not significantly affect the release of 5
      hydroxytryptamine or thromboxane B2 from the aggregating platelets. Methiothepin
      decreased but did not abolish the inhibitory effect of aggregating platelets on
      neurotransmitter overflow. These experiments demonstrate that 5-hydroxytryptamine
      and other substances released from aggregating platelets can exert prejunctional
      inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission in isolated blood vessels.

PMID- 4037114
TI  - Differences between cytoplasmic surfaces of deep-etched heart and liver gap
      junctions.
AB  - We have compared the ultrastructures of the cytoplasmic surfaces (CS) of
      isolated, glutaraldehyde-fixed gap junctional pellets from rat ventricles and
      liver by rapid freezing on a liquid helium-cooled surface, freeze fracture, deep
      etching, and double-axis rotary replication (J. Microsc. Oxford 137: 121-123,
      1984). Deep-etched unproteolyzed cardiac junctions [protein subunit relative
      molecular wt (Mr) 44,000-47,000], isolated with phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride
      (PMSF) [Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 15): H865-H875, 1984; C.K.
      Manjunath, G.E. Goings, and E. Page. Proteolysis of cardiac gap junctions during
      their isolation from rat hearts. J. Membr. Biol. In press.] had particulate CS,
      while proteolyzed cardiac junctions (subunit Mr 29,500) made without PMSF and
      liver junctions (Mr 28,000) made with or without PMSF had nonparticulate CS.
      Taken together with our previous findings that electron micrographs of thin
      sectioned isolated unproteolyzed cardiac junctions have urea-resistant fuzzy CS
      coatings [Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 15): H865-H875, 1984], that
      proteolyzed cardiac junctions and isolated liver junctions lack this fuzzy layer,
      and that the CS of in situ cardiac junctions is fuzzy [J. Membr. Biol. 78: 147
      155, 1984; Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Heart Circ. Physiol 15): H865-H875, 1984], and
      published data that in situ freeze-etched liver gap junctions are nonparticulate
      (Cell 30: 395-406, 1982), these new observations strongly indicate that CS
      components of heart and liver gap junction proteins are structurally different.

PMID- 4037115
TI  - Unique coronary vasodilator induction by leukotriene D4.
AB  - Coronary blood flow (CBF) and myocardial contractility decrease markedly in
      response to intracoronary administration of leukotriene D4 (LTD4). With steady
      infusion, however, both CBF and contractility escape, approaching preinfusion
      values despite ongoing LTD4 administration. To clarify the mechanism of this
      escape, we reinfused plasma from the coronary vein draining the myocardial area
      receiving LTD4. Introducing this plasma into a coronary artery caused a marked
      rise in coronary flow for the duration of the plasma infusion. Coronary flow
      reduction with vasopressin or mechanical occlusion matching that caused by LTD4
      failed to elicit vasodilator production. Thus a unique coronary vasodilator
      factor is induced by LTD4. Whole blood or platelet-rich plasma incubated with
      LTD4 in vitro produced the same pattern of coronary dilation on intracoronary
      infusion; LTD4 incubation with platelet-poor plasma failed to elicit a
      vasodilation. The vasodilator factor is stable and is not potassium, a
      prostaglandin, catecholamine, histamine, serotonin, adenosine, adenosine
      diphosphate, or platelet-activating factor. Production of this leukotriene
      induced vasodilator factor may account for the escape from LTD4-induced coronary
      constriction.

PMID- 4037116
TI  - Area postrema mediates tumor effects on food intake, body weight, and learned
      aversions.
AB  - Growth of a Leydig cell [LTW (m)] tumor in rats is associated with the
      development of significant hypophagia and severe aversions to the available diet.
      Lesions of the area postrema and nearby caudal medial area of the solitary tract
      were found to block or greatly attenuate the anorexia and food aversions that
      typically accompany the growth of this tumor. Thus these tumor-induced symptoms
      may be associated with the detection of blood-borne chemicals by cells located in
      or near the area postrema.

PMID- 4037117
TI  - Roles of right versus left vagal sensory nerves in cardiopulmonary reflexes of
      conscious dogs.
AB  - This study examined the relative roles of the right vs. left vagi in mediating
      the inhibitory influence of vagal sensory input on sympathetic outflow to the
      cardiovascular system. This objective was pursued through examination of
      responses to 1) interruption of tonic vagal input and 2) intracoronary
      administration of veratridine (Bezold-Jarisch effect). Bilateral vagal cold block
      (BVB) (n = 16) increased arterial pressure 25 +/- 3 mmHg and heart rate 66 +/- 7
      beat/min, whereas right vagal cold block (RVB) and left vagal cold block (LVB)
      increased arterial pressure 13 +/- 2 and 4 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively. The relative
      differences in the change in mean arterial pressure were independent of heart
      rate since similar changes in arterial pressure were observed with preelevation
      of heart rate with atropine. Sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation augmented the
      pressure responses approximately fourfold, with the relative pressure changes
      produced by BVB, RVB, or LVB remaining proportionally the same. Intracoronary
      administration of veratridine (0.1 g/kg) produced a hypotension action (-44 +/- 6
      mmHg), bradycardia (-48 +/- 8 beat/min), and a negative intropic effect (-482 +/-
      68 mmHg/s, left ventricular (LV) (dP/dt)max. During RVB the depressor effect of
      veratridine was reduced to -18 +/- 5 mmHg, and changes in heart rate or LV
      (dP/dt)max were abolished. Veratridine administration during LVB decreased
      arterial pressure (-39 +/- 6 mmHg), heart rate (-22 +/- 6 beat/min), and LV
      (dP/dt)max (-250 +/- 60 mmHg). We conclude that in the conscious dog the tonic
      inhibitory influence of vagal afferent nerves on vasomotor outflow is
      predominantly associated with the right vagus as in Bezold-Jarisch effect.

PMID- 4037118
TI  - Platelet and plasma vasopressin in dog during hydration and vasopressin infusion.
AB  - Dog platelets contain a substance immunologically similar to arginine
      vasopressin. In conscious and anesthetized dogs under basal conditions, platelet
      immunoreactive vasopressin accounts for approximately 40% of the total
      circulating immunoreactive vasopressin. When the plasma vasopressin concentration
      in the anesthetized dog was lowered 75% by intravenous infusion of isotonic
      dextrose solution for 2 h, the platelets failed to discharge a significant
      quantity of immunoreactive vasopressin. Subsequently, when the plasma vasopressin
      concentration was elevated to a level 10-fold greater than the initial levels by
      intravenous infusion of arginine vasopressin, there was no statistically
      significant increase in the estimated platelet vasopressin content measured 1 and
      2 h after the start of the infusion, although there was the suggestion that the
      platelets had indeed taken up some vasopressin after 2 h of vasopressin infusion.
      Thus immunoreactive vasopressin in dog platelets does not appear to exchange
      readily with plasma vasopressin. The physiological role of platelet
      immunoreactive vasopressin remains to be determined.

PMID- 4037119
TI  - Propagation of pressure pulse in kangaroo arterial system.
AB  - The pressure pulse contour in the ascending aorta of kangaroos is markedly
      different from that seen in other species, but the changes undergone by the pulse
      propagating along the aorta are quite similar. Alteration of wave contour and
      progressive amplification of the pulse in the distal aorta and peripheral
      arteries of other mammals have been attributed to elastic nonuniformity of the
      aorta and to peripheral wave reflection. In kangaroos the aorta approximates a
      uniform tube with essentially constant viscoelastic properties, whereas wave
      reflection from the lower body appears to be unusually intense and to emanate
      from a single functionally discrete reflecting site; this appears to be the
      result of arterial terminations in the muscular lower body. Intense wave
      reflection from the lower body is the dominant mechanism responsible for changes
      in the pressure pulse of kangaroos between the ascending aorta and peripheral
      arteries. Contour of the pulse in the ascending aorta is attributable to this and
      to close proximity of reflecting sites in the upper body.

PMID- 4037120
TI  - Neurohumoral stimulation of lipogenesis during altered states of energy balance.
AB  - Acid extracts of bovine hypothalamus stimulate lipogenic activity in adipose
      tissue. We employed a rat fat cell bioassay system to determine whether tissue
      concentrations of the active material vary as a function of spontaneous
      alterations in energy balance in hibernators and/or the obesity resulting from
      bilateral electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial area of the hypothalamus in
      rats. When hypothalamic extracts and partially purified plasma were fractionated
      using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, both the void volume and
      material eluting 17 min after the start of a 25-min linear methanol gradient
      enhanced glucose incorporation into total lipid. Activities eluting with these
      two fractions were positively correlated with one another and were independent of
      insulin. The results indicate that a hypothalamic lipogenic factor (LHF) is
      detectable in plasma, that hypothalamic and circulating LHF concentrations vary
      in a reciprocal manner, and that elevations in plasma LHF concentration are
      associated with insulin resistance. The data suggest that the central regulation
      of lipogenesis is at least partially mediated by a hypothalamic humoral factor
      reaching fat depots via the circulation.

PMID- 4037121
TI  - Afferent renal nerve stimulation excites supraoptic vasopressin neurons.
AB  - Single-unit recording experiments were performed in pentobarbital-anesthetized
      rats to investigate the effects of afferent renal nerve (ARN) stimulation on the
      activity of neurosecretory vasopressin cells of the supraoptic nucleus (SON).
      Neurosecretory SON cells were identified by antidromic invasion from the
      neurohypophysis and classified either as vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin (OXY)
      secreting on the basis of their spontaneous activity patterns and response to
      activation of arterial baroreceptors. Fifty-three spontaneously active units were
      identified bilaterally in the SON: 40 putative AVP and 13 putative OXY neurons.
      Most putative AVP neurons (14/14 contralateral, 18/26 ipsilateral) were excited
      by ARN stimulation (mean onset latency 189 +/- 5 ms, mean response duration 237
      +/- 17 ms). In contrast, ARN stimulation had no effect on the firing frequency of
      the 13 putative OXY neurons. These data indicate that sensory information
      originating in the kidney selectively alters the activity of SON AVP neurons and
      suggest that afferent information from the kidney is important in the
      coordination of neural and hormonal activity concerned with body fluid balance
      and the regulation of arterial pressure.

PMID- 4037122
TI  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid concentrations are maintained in anoxic turtle brain.
AB  - Changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in the turtle (Pseudemys
      scripta elegans) brain were studied in situ during prolonged anoxia. With the
      onset of anoxia, the well-documented rapid increases in GABA found in mammalian
      brains were not observed in the turtle brain. Although not statistically
      significant, mean GABA concentrations in the turtle brain were reduced from
      anesthetized control values during the first 30 min of anoxia. During this
      initial period brain glutamate content declined. Even after 2 h of nitrogen
      respiration, GABA in the turtle brain still did not rise above control levels. By
      the 4th h of anoxia, however, GABA had increased to 147% of control values.

PMID- 4037123
TI  - Nycthemeral rhythms and sodium chloride appetite in rats.
AB  - Adrenalectomized rats maintained on a 12:12 light-dark cycle drank large amounts
      of 0.3 M NaCl solution during the night. They showed virtually no NaCl appetite
      during the day. As a result of their high day natriuresis, the adrenalectomized
      rats sustained a negative Na+ balance during the day about three times that of
      controls. This was offset by a correspondingly higher positive Na+ balance at
      night. In a second experiment in intact rats, the latency to exhibit NaCl
      appetite during polyethylene glycol-induced hypovolemia was shorter when the
      treatment was administered in the evening than in the morning. This again
      demonstrates a relative facilitation of NaCl intake at night and suggests a major
      nycthemeral interaction with putative physiological stimuli of NaCl appetite.

PMID- 4037124
TI  - A screening test for somatization disorder (hysteria).
AB  - For the diagnosis of somatization disorder, DSM-III requires the assessment of 37
      specific symptoms, a time-consuming and cumbersome task. The authors describe a
      procedure by which the clinician can assess the presence of somatization disorder
      by screening for only seven symptoms, three of which must be present for a
      preliminary diagnosis of somatization disorder. The test was developed on female
      psychiatric outpatients (N = 85) who had multiple unexplained physical complaints
      beginning before the age of 30 years; it was validated on an independent sample
      (N = 47). The accuracy of this screening procedure is 80%-90%.

PMID- 4037125
TI  - Linguistic dimensions of affect and thought in somatization disorder.
AB  - DSM-III has established diagnostic criteria that separate somatization disorder
      from other overlapping symptom configurations. Nevertheless, information
      regarding the experience of somatization disorder is far from complete. Terms
      such as "masked depression" or "alexithymia" imply that a disturbance of affect
      is a central but guarded issue for at least some somatizing patients. Through
      content analysis of speech, the authors investigated the self-experience of
      somatization disorder in relation to affective disorder. Rather than defended
      depression, a distinctive characteristic found in the language of patients with
      somatization disorder reflects a confused, negative self-identity.

PMID- 4037126
TI  - Chronic pain: lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and family history.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with chronic pain admitted to a 3-week inpatient pain
      program were interviewed using the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule and the
      family history method. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were major
      depressive disorder (current episode = 32.4%, past episode = 43.2%) and alcohol
      abuse (40.5%). More than half of the patients had a history of one or more
      episodes of major depression and/or alcohol abuse before the onset of their
      chronic pain. Family history revealed that 59.5% of the patients had at least one
      first-degree family member with chronic pain, 29.7% had a family member with
      affective illness, and 37.8% had a family member with alcohol abuse.

PMID- 4037128
TI  - Diagnostic criteria in childhood depression.
AB  - Comparison of diagnoses of childhood depression from four sets of criteria (i.e.,
      Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, and those of Poznanski and Weinberg) used
      with 65 children referred to a psychiatric clinic showed complete agreement in 56
      (86%) of the cases. The major disagreement resulted from differences between the
      clinician's rating of dysphoria based on the child's nonverbal behavior and the
      child's and parent's verbal report of no dysphoria. Analyses of the essential
      symptoms of depression among the four criteria sets indicated that the nonverbal
      rating was most strongly associated with a diagnosis of depression and the best
      predictor of the severity of depression.

PMID- 4037127
TI  - Biopsychosocial characteristics of children who later murder: a prospective
      study.
AB  - The authors document the childhood neuropsychiatric and family characteristics of
      nine male subjects who were clinically evaluated as adolescents and were later
      arrested for murder. Those subjects are compared with 24 incarcerated delinquents
      who did not go on to commit violent offenses. The future murderers displayed a
      constellation of biopsychosocial characteristics that included psychotic
      symptoms, major neurological impairment, a psychotic first-degree relative,
      violent acts during childhood, and severe physical abuse. The authors relate this
      combination of factors to prediction of violence and discuss ethical issues that
      are involved in intervention to prevent violence.

PMID- 4037130
TI  - Teaching psychiatry in the health maintenance organization.
AB  - Psychiatric residents training in a health maintenance organization (HMO) rapidly
      encounter the conflict between high demand for services and limited supply of
      time. In one HMO setting, the Harvard Community Health Plan, supervisors assist
      trainees in managing their practices to recognize their avoidances and conflicts
      and to respond therapeutically in keeping with the setting.

PMID- 4037129
TI  - Sex differences in the impact of work on physical and psychological health.
AB  - This study examines the different impact of work on the physical and
      psychological health of women and men: how men and women in business and
      managerial professions perceive the pressures of their work environments and what
      the consequences (e.g., depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and drug and
      alcohol abuse) of these stresses are for the individual. The results indicate
      significant differences between the working men and women studied in job tension,
      coping strain, role conflict, and health status but not in styles of coping.

PMID- 4037131
TI  - Preadolescent alcohol abuse and dependence.
AB  - The authors document 10 cases of children who met the criteria for a DSM-III axis
      I diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence by the age of 13. They present one
      case report to demonstrate the family history of affective disorder, especially
      bipolar disorder, and alcoholism that characterized these 10 patients. Most of
      the children with bipolar disorder responded well to psychotropics. The authors
      suggest that there may be a relationship between early-onset alcohol abuse and
      the development of major affective disorders in adolescence.

PMID- 4037132
TI  - Urinary free cortisol levels and dexamethasone suppression testing in organic
      affective disorder associated with hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Eleven of 32 newly diagnosed untreated patients with hyperthyroidism met DSM-III
      criteria for organic affective syndrome. Thirty of these patients submitted 24
      hour urine specimens for measurement of urinary free cortisol levels, and 31 were
      given a 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) before antihyperthyroidism
      therapy was started. There was no difference in the mean +/- SD urinary free
      cortisol excretion levels between depressed and nondepressed hyperthyroid
      patients. One nondepressed patient demonstrated nonsuppression (greater than 5
      micrograms/dl) at 8:00 a.m. These results suggest that cortisol abnormalities as
      reflected by urinary free cortisol levels and DST findings are uncommon in
      patients with hyperthyroidism whether they are depressed or nondepressed.

PMID- 4037133
TI  - Hematological effects of carbamazepine in patients with affective illness.
AB  - The hematological effects of carbamazepine, a drug effective in the acute and
      prophylactic treatment of manic-depressive disorder, were assessed in 43 subjects
      with affective disorder. Carbamazepine was found to cause statistically
      significant, but clinically insubstantial, decreases in white blood cell indexes.
      The consistent decreases in white cell counts observed with carbamazepine should
      be differentiated from the extremely rare, idiosyncratic blood dyscrasias
      reported in the literature.

PMID- 4037134
TI  - Effect of cocaine dependence on plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine levels and on
      urinary MHPG excretion.
AB  - Eight cocaine-dependent subjects had significantly lower urinary 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylglycol excretion than did eight normal control subjects. Cocaine
      dependent subjects also had lower plasma tyrosine levels but not to a
      statistically significant degree.

PMID- 4037135
TI  - Sex and ethnic distribution of borderline personality disorder in an inpatient
      sample.
AB  - Among 1,583 psychiatric inpatients, fewer men than women were diagnosed as having
      borderline personality disorders among whites and blacks but not among Hispanics.
      No significant differences in the prevalence of borderline personality disorder
      were found among whites, blacks, and Hispanics.

PMID- 4037136
TI  - Plasma GABA levels in chronic alcoholics.
AB  - Ethanol intoxication has been noted to cause marked changes in brain and CSF
      levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Using plasma GABA levels to assess
      brain GABA activity, the authors found that 85 chronic alcoholics had
      significantly lower levels than control subjects.

PMID- 4037137
TI  - Nortriptyline in the treatment of a monosymptomatic delusion.

PMID- 4037138
TI  - Atypical panic attacks in major depression.

PMID- 4037140
TI  - On understanding Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 4037139
TI  - Adrenoleukodystrophy and psychiatric disorder.

PMID- 4037141
TI  - A high-risk suicide group: the anesthesiologist involved in litigation.

PMID- 4037143
TI  - The insanity defense: beyond exculpation.

PMID- 4037142
TI  - On sinistrality and sex differences in schizophrenia.

PMID- 4037144
TI  - Anorexia not the same as depression.

PMID- 4037145
TI  - Simultaneous panic and depressive disorders.

PMID- 4037146
TI  - How are psychotic syndromes related to personality disorders?

PMID- 4037147
TI  - Spatial location judgments as a function of intention to learn, and mood state:
      an evaluation of an alleged automatic encoding operation.
AB  - An assessment of the Hasher and Zacks (1979) conceptualization of the automatic
      nature of the acquisition of spatial location information was made in the context
      of manipulations of subjects' intention to learn and mood state. The Velten
      (1968) mood induction procedure was used to establish depressed and nondepressed
      subjects. Half of each group was then presented with a matrix of geometric forms
      under instructions to learn the location of the forms (intentional) or to
      evaluate the pleasantness of the array (incidental). Subsequent tests of spatial
      location performance found no differences as a function of subjects' mood state,
      but did find a strong effect for instructional condition. The superior
      performance of the intentional subjects raises questions about the automatic
      nature of the encoding of spatial location.

PMID- 4037148
TI  - Blocking but not conditioned inhibition results when an added stimulus is
      reinforced in compound with multiple pretrained stimuli.
AB  - Conditioned barpress suppression by rats was used to explore the associative
      status of an initially neutral stimulus that was reinforced in simultaneous
      compound with two independently pretrained conditioned excitors. In contrast to
      the Rescorla-Wagner model, which predicts that the target stimulus (X) will be
      inhibitory following such A+/B+/ABX+ training, the present study found no
      evidence that X acquired inhibitory associative strength. Rather, the pretrained
      stimuli merely served to block conditioned excitatory responding to the target
      stimulus.

PMID- 4037149
TI  - Effect of distance instructions on size judgments.
AB  - The proposition that in a reduced-cue setting subjects could use cognitive
      information about an object's distance to make accurate judgments of its size was
      tested. An improved paradigm was used to determine the effects of distance
      instructions per se. This paradigm also allowed independent tests of the
      effectiveness of cue reduction. The data indicated that cue reduction was
      successful and that the specific distance tendency governed size judgments when
      there were no distance instructions. When distance instructions were given, they
      produced size judgments in precisely the ratio predicted by the size-distance
      invariance hypothesis. However, there was a large constant error, which reflects
      a tendency of college students to overestimate the amount of distance signified
      by a verbal instruction. Hence, cognitive information in the form of verbal
      distance instructions has precise effects on size judgments, but the latter are
      not veridical, even in the absence of anchor effects from the specific distance
      tendency and residual perceptual cues.

PMID- 4037150
TI  - The negative therapeutic reaction: crisis of practice or crisis of theory?

PMID- 4037151
TI  - The use of psychoanalytic principles in the treatment of older people.
AB  - In evaluating the use of psychoanalytic principles in the treatment of older
      people it becomes clear that, at least in some cases, treatment using the methods
      and philosophy of psychoanalysis can be very helpful. However, any such treatment
      is not effective unless it is done in conjunction with the necessary other,
      especially physical, treatment modalities, in an atmosphere that promotes social
      interaction, emotional and intellectual stimulation, and an overall environment
      of security and acceptance, one where the patient feels understood in his needs,
      desires, hopes, and fears. If we see psychoanalytic principles as a natural,
      healthy way of interacting, namely, of listening to the other person with
      patience, respect, attention, understanding, and genuine interest, then its use
      cannot be anything but beneficial. If we use the psychoanalytic theory and
      experience to gain greater insight into our patients, then this knowledge cannot
      be anything but contributory to the deeper understanding of their needs, desires,
      hopes, and fears. If we use our psychoanalytic experience to be more available as
      human beings to our elderly patients, then this experience cannot be anything but
      beneficial in providing a more satisfying and therapeutic interaction.

PMID- 4037152
TI  - Recent sociohistorical trends and the ascent of Kohutian "self-psychology".

PMID- 4037153
TI  - Shylock in "The Merchant of Venice".

PMID- 4037154
TI  - Going public: historical perspectives on working women.

PMID- 4037155
TI  - Poet, friend, and poetry: the idealized image of love in Shakespeare's sonnets.

PMID- 4037156
TI  - The public and the pill: is the pill making a comeback?

PMID- 4037157
TI  - The oral health of older Americans.

PMID- 4037158
TI  - Should prisoners be immunized against hepatitis B?

PMID- 4037159
TI  - Prevalence and trends in oral contraceptive use in premenopausal females ages 12
      54 years, United States, 1971-80.
AB  - Data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II)
      were analyzed to estimate the prevalence of oral contraceptive use in the United
      States, 1976-80. The overall unadjusted prevalence of oral contraceptive use was
      16.7 per cent for premenopausal females ages 12-54 years (19.2 per cent for ages
      15-44 years). Approximately 8.7 million females (95 per cent confidence interval,
      6.9-10.5 million) were oral contraceptive users at the midpoint of NHANES II
      (March 1978). Comparison to the NHANES I, conducted in 1971-74, indicated a
      stable number of overall oral contraceptive users in the US population during the
      1970s, with shifts in certain age groups: oral contraceptive use increased for
      females ages 12-19 years and decreased for females ages 20-49 years. The overall
      age-adjusted prevalences indicated a 2 per cent (95 per cent CI, 0.2-3.8 per
      cent) decline in oral contraceptive use from the early to the late 1970s. The
      NHANES provides comparative data and supports findings from another national
      survey showing a decrease in the per cent of females using oral contraceptives
      during 1973-82. Trends in oral contraceptive use are also presented by race,
      poverty level, rural-urban residence, marital status, and education level.

PMID- 4037160
TI  - Hepatitis B in Wisconsin male prisoners: considerations for serologic screening
      and vaccination.
AB  - To develop a protocol for prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in
      Wisconsin prisons, we interviewed 619 male prisoners at incarceration to obtain
      information on hepatitis B risk factors. We defined previous infections by the
      presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B surface
      antigen (anti-HBs), or antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Logistic
      regression was used to develop a model of relative risk (RR) of HBV infection.
      Use of illicit intravenous (IV) drugs was the most important risk factor because
      of a high prevalence of IV drug use and an RR which ranged from 2.93-7.47. Other
      important risk factors were: prior hepatitis or jaundice (RR = 6.28), race (RR =
      2.54 for Blacks, RR = 3.28 for Latinos), transfusion (RR = 3.00), and age.
      Previous imprisonment was not an independent risk factor for HBV, hence selective
      serologic screening and vaccination of prisoners are justified rather than mass
      screening and vaccination. Based upon prevalence of hepatitis B markers in
      subgroups, it is necessary to screen prisoners with prior hepatitis or jaundice,
      prior transfusion, and users of IV drugs. The identification of HBsAg carriers by
      such screening could prevent infection of "household" contacts. Users of IV drugs
      who are susceptible to HBV infection should be vaccinated. The remaining
      prisoners constitute a low-risk group for HBV infection and do not require
      serologic screening or vaccination.

PMID- 4037161
TI  - Does participation in prenatal courses lead to heavier babies?
AB  - In a prospective epidemiologic survey of 1,676 primiparous women delivering in
      four Montreal hospitals during an eight-month period, we studied the impact of
      prenatal courses on birthweight, maternal weight gain, and cigarette smoking.
      Women who participated in prenatal courses were older and of higher socioeconomic
      status and were less likely to be smokers than non-participants. After adjustment
      for these differences, newborns of course participants had similar mean
      birthweights compared to those of non-participants (3286 grams vs 3271 grams),
      and the difference for maternal weight gain was substantially reduced. Most of
      the reduction in cigarette consumption occurred during the first three months of
      pregnancy, even among later participants, suggesting that something other than
      prenatal courses influenced cigarette smoking reduction in course participants.
      We conclude that as far as the birthweight objective is concerned, the format and
      content of prenatal courses (as currently constituted in the Montreal region)
      require re-examination, and new ideas and interventions need to be developed and
      tested.

PMID- 4037163
TI  - Coital and non-coital sexual behaviors of white and black adolescents.
AB  - As part of a longitudinal study of young adolescents, data were collected in 1980
      on the non-coital and coital sexual experiences of male and female adolescents
      who ranged in age from 12 to 15 at the time of the initial contact. The follow-up
      data were collected two years later. Both a Guttman-scale analysis and a
      longitudinal analysis of these data indicate different sexual patterns between
      White and Black teens; Whites are more likely than Blacks to engage in a
      predictable series of non-coital behaviors for a period of time before their
      first intercourse experience. Of the sexual behaviors studied, the pre-coital
      experiences of Black teens were less predictable and often involved only necking.
      These differences in sexual norms offer a partial explanation for the different
      pregnancy rates between these two groups. They also suggest that sexual and
      contraceptive education and counseling need to be cognizant of these differences
      since pre-coital experience may function as both a mechanism to prolong
      abstinence and to promote a gradual acceptance of one's sexuality.

PMID- 4037162
TI  - Multidisciplinary treatment of obesity with a protein-sparing modified fast:
      results in 668 outpatients.
AB  - Six hundred sixty-eight obese outpatients, 71 per cent (+/- 34) in excess of
      ideal weight, were enrolled in a multidisciplinary weight control program. The
      major components of the program included nutrition, education, behavior
      modification, and exercise. Rapid weight loss was accomplished using a very low
      calorie (less than 800 kcal) ketogenic diet. Patients adhered to the protein
      sparing modified fast (PSMF) for 17 +/- 12 weeks and averaged 9 +/- 17 weeks in a
      refeeding/maintenance program. Mean weight loss was 47 +/- 29 lb (21 +/- 13 kg)
      at the point of minimum weight and 41 +/- 29 lb (19 +/- 13 kg) at the end of the
      maintenance period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum triglycerides
      fell significantly in men and women. Success in weight loss was greatest in the
      heaviest patients, those who adhered the longest to the PSMF, and those who
      stayed the longest in the maintenance program.

PMID- 4037164
TI  - Patterns of contraceptive method of use by California family planning clinic
      clients, 1976-84.
AB  - Trends in contraceptive method of use by California family planning clients, 1976
      84, are reviewed. Although use of foam and condoms doubled from 1976 to 1980 and
      was sustained, interest peaked but markedly declined for the diaphragm. Oral
      contraceptive (OC) use declined overall and most notably for older women, but
      there are indications in 1983 and 1984 of a slight OC "come back". Older women
      were more likely to choose methods free from medical side effects than were
      younger women.

PMID- 4037166
TI  - Assessment of salt use at the table: comparison of observed and reported
      behavior.
AB  - Observations were made of salt added during meals. Nineteen per cent of 211
      participants salted before tasting food, 18 per cent salted after tasting, and 2
      per cent salted both before and after tasting. Of those who self-reported "never"
      to salt food before tasting, 6 per cent were observed to do so. Of those who
      reported never to salt after tasting, 3 per cent did so. Results support the
      conclusion that self-reported abstinence from use of table salt is strongly
      correlated with actual behavior.

PMID- 4037165
TI  - Incidence of hepatitis B in the penitentiary of New Mexico.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine the incidence of hepatitis B (HB) in a prison
      population. Forty-seven per cent of 455 male prisoners had evidence of past HB
      infection. HB seropositivity was most strongly correlated with: 1) a history of
      IV drug abuse; 2) age; 3) total time in any prison; and 4) race. During a one
      year study period there were no clinical cases of HB in the prison and the
      seroconversion rate was 0.8 per cent among prisoners still incarcerated.

PMID- 4037167
TI  - Self-reported pelvic inflammatory disease in the US: a common occurrence.
AB  - Based on a nationally representative sample of American women of reproductive
      age, in 1982, one in seven reported having had pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
      One in ten had received ambulatory care, and one in 25 were hospitalized for PID.
      A two-fold race differential was observed in self-reported history of PID. One in
      four Blacks compared to one in eight Whites reported having received treatment
      for this condition sometime in the past. The previous history of PID, especially
      in the older age groups, reflects the combined effect of secular trends in PID
      incidence and temporal changes in diagnostic and treatment practices.

PMID- 4037168
TI  - Self-management education of children with asthma: AIR WISE.
AB  - This study was conducted to test the efficacy of AIR WISE, an individually
      administered asthma self-management program. Subjects were paired and randomly
      assigned to either an experimental group (N = 7) or a control group (N = 7). The
      frequency of experimental group emergency visits, analyzed over a 12-month
      posttreatment period, was substantially less than those of the control group,
      supporting the hypothesis that AIR WISE is effective in high-utilizer children
      through improved self-management.

PMID- 4037169
TI  - Correlates of depressive symptoms among a select population of black men.
AB  - This study was undertaken to provide information on the impact of demographic
      factors, stressful life events, and sociocultural patterns on depressive
      symptomatology among 142 noninstitutionalized Black men. The findings indicate
      that age, family income, household size, employment status, and conflict between
      the sexes were related to the presence of depressive symptoms. When controls were
      introduced, only family income and conflict between the sexes were correlates of
      depressive symptoms among Black men in this study.

PMID- 4037170
TI  - Dog and cat ownership among suicides and matched controls.
AB  - In Washington County, Maryland, ownership of cats and/or dogs was compared among
      48 residents who committed suicide in the years 1975-83 and 96 living controls
      matched to the suicides by race, sex, and date of birth. Another comparison used
      as controls persons of same race, sex, and age who died of causes other than
      suicide in the same year as the suicide. No material association between pet
      ownership and suicide was observed.

PMID- 4037171
TI  - On risks, costs of sterilization.

PMID- 4037172
TI  - Biochemical studies of human placental microvillous plasma membrane proteins.
AB  - Isolated human syncytiotrophoblast microvillous plasma membranes (StMPM) have
      been examined by electron microscopy, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE), two-dimensional PAGE (2D-PAGE), and immunoblots. Electron microscopy of
      StMPM pellets revealed populations of membrane-bounded vesicles that disrupted
      after treatment with the chaotrope 3M KCl for 16 hr; with increasing molarity of
      another chaotrope (NH4SCN), the vesicles became smaller and more homogeneous.
      NH4SCN treatment resulted in significant reduction on SDS and 2D-PAGE analysis of
      only one protein at 80kd, shown by immunoblotting to be transferrin; 3M KCl had
      little effect and appeared to be a poor chaotrope. Chromogenic silver staining of
      SDS-PAGE gels demonstrated over 50 StMPM-associated discrete protein components.
      Immunoblotting revealed transferrin (80kd), albumin (65kd), IgG heavy chain
      (56kd), and Gc protein (56kd). Alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) was identified at
      180kd and 95kd; the smaller component may be a proteolytic derivative indicating
      alpha 2M binding to a trophoblast surface protease. Numerous discrete protein
      dots, and groups of dots characteristic of charge heterogeneity of individual
      proteins, were observed on high resolution 2D-PAGE. The most intensely stained
      proteins were transferrin (80kd), albumin (65kd), placental-type alkaline
      phosphatase (66kd), and actin (46kd). This 2D-PAGE technique is a superior method
      for analyzing the trophoblast membrane proteins, and the system described will
      enable systematic mapping of these components.

PMID- 4037173
TI  - On the immunogenicity of the beta subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH beta)
      and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes):
      effect of antiserum on monkey cycle and early pregnancy.
AB  - Antibody to ovine LH beta (oLH beta) subunit and equine chorionic gonadotropin
      (eCG) were produced in adult male chimpanzees and evaluated for cross reactivity
      with oLH, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and eCG by in vitro and in vivo
      methods. Chimpanzee antiserum to eCG failed to cross-react with hCG, but antibody
      raised against oLH beta subunit effectively neutralized not only exogenously
      administered hCG but also endogenous pituitary LH and monkey (Macaca radiata)
      chorionic gonadotropin. Chimpanzee antiserum to oLH beta when administered early
      in pregnancy reduced progesterone levels and terminated gestation in bonnet
      monkeys. Our data suggest that active immunization of chimpanzee, an ape that is
      very close to human, with oLH beta subunit leads to production of antibodies that
      are likely to affect both normal cycle as well as pregnancy.

PMID- 4037174
TI  - In vitro fertilization results for women with sperm antibodies in plasma and
      follicular fluid.
AB  - In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer results were analyzed for three
      women with sperm antibodies in their plasma and follicular fluid. These
      preliminary results suggest that substitution of the patients' serum by
      replacement serum in the fertilization and embryo growth media may prove to be an
      effective means of improving IVF treatment for women with sperm immunity.

PMID- 4037175
TI  - A human sperm coating antigen isolated from sperm cell membrane.
AB  - A human sperm cell membrane antigen that is highly specific to sperm and seminal
      plasma was isolated from plasma membrane fraction of spermatozoa using rabbit
      antiserum against human seminal plasma. In addition to the high specificity to
      sperm and seminal plasma, the isolated antigen showed the following
      characteristics: (1) It is a glycoprotein of approximately 12,000 daltons that
      has an affinity to lentil lectin; (2) it is distributed in human milk other than
      in sperm and seminal plasma, but is not found in any other organs and tissues
      including testis; (3) seminal plasma contains the largest amount of the antigen
      activity, 60-fold greater than spermatozoa and 900-fold greater than milk,
      suggesting that this antigen could be a sperm-coating seminal plasma antigen.

PMID- 4037176
TI  - Effect of maternal parasitic disease on the neonate.
AB  - Parasitic disease is the most common infectious disease complication of pregnancy
      worldwide, resulting in maternal debilitation and fetal prematurity and low birth
      weight. The increasing incidence of these diseases in our population led to the
      present study of 125 patients, 34 of whom were found to be infected with at least
      one intestinal parasite. In contrast to studies in developing countries, no
      significant differences in either maternal anemia, or fetal birth weight, or
      prematurity were found between the infected and non-infected groups. However,
      there was a three-fold increase in the incidence of significant neonatal
      hyperbilirubinemia in the parasitized group. Parasitic disease complicating
      pregnancy in our population does not appear to exert the same adverse effect on
      mother and fetus as that described in other countries. In view of the limited
      pathology associated with parasitic disease, treatment, other than with iron and
      vitamin supplementation, is not routinely indicated in pregnancy in populations
      similar to ours. However, due to the increased incidence of neonatal jaundice and
      morbidity we would recommend close observation of the neonates in the immediate
      postpartum period.

PMID- 4037177
TI  - The interaction of Leishmania donovani promastigotes and human fibroblasts in
      vitro.
AB  - Leishmania donovani promastigotes derived from infected hamster spleens, in
      either log phase or stationary phase growth, associated with human foreskin
      fibroblasts in vitro and assumed the morphological characteristics of
      amastigotes. This apparent conversion was noted within hours at 26 degrees C, 32
      degrees C or 37 degrees C; in the continued presence of promastigotes, increasing
      numbers of amastigote-like forms were seen for 2 weeks at 26 degrees C or 32
      degrees C. At 37 degrees C amastigote-like forms declined sharply after 6 days.
      Multiplication of amastigote-like forms was not observed at any temperature, this
      was also true of freshly isolated amastigotes from hamster spleens which
      associated with fibroblasts but did not multiply. Approximately 0.1% of
      promastigotes appeared to convert per day. Amastigote-like forms were seen within
      fibroblasts by transmission electron microscopy, surrounded by a closely applied
      host membrane. Scanning electron microscopy showed promastigotes with their
      flagellae under or within fibroblasts, but phagocytosis was not observed. These
      experiments suggest that the conditions required for promastigote-to-amastigote
      conversion may be different than those required for amastigote multiplication,
      and the mammalian core body temperature may not be required for promastigote
      conversion.

PMID- 4037179
TI  - A Schistosoma mansoni surface glycoprotein cross-reactive with a T1 antigen of
      Fasciola hepatica.
AB  - An antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody 306B3/5 and present on the surface
      of S. mansoni was expressed by F. hepatica in the pattern typical of T1 antigens.
      A single polypeptide of molecular weight (Mr) 160,000 was precipitated from
      metabolically labeled concanavalin A-binding F. hepatica glycoproteins, whereas
      multiple polypeptides ranging from Mr greater than 200,000 to Mr 45,000 were
      precipitated from metabolically labeled glycoproteins of male S. mansoni. The
      polypeptides of both species were also precipitated by sera of infected hosts,
      and may account for some of the serological cross-reactivity between S. mansoni
      and F. hepatica in immunodiagnostic assays. These antigens may also represent
      potentially immunoprophylactic reagents.

PMID- 4037178
TI  - Identification and characterization of a major Schistosoma mansoni glycoprotein
      antigen cross-reactive with Fasciola hepatica.
AB  - A major surface antigen of Schistosoma mansoni has been identified and
      characterized as a glycoprotein of 66,000 molecular weight (Mr) and isoelectric
      point of 6.2-6.1 (SM66-GP) by use of a monoclonal antibody. The antigen was
      expressed by schistosome eggs, cercariae, larvae, and adults, and was recognized
      by sera of schistosome infected hosts. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy
      showed the antigen was distributed in a uniform pattern on the entire worm
      surface. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that it was present in
      the parenchymal tissue of immature and mature Fasciola hepatica, in the gut of
      the mature fluke, and in embryonated fasciola eggs. The cross-reactive F.
      hepatica epitope recognized was expressed on a polypeptide of Mr 220,000.

PMID- 4037180
TI  - Vascular changes in cerebral schistosomiasis mansoni: a histopathological study
      of fifteen cases.
AB  - A histopathological study of 15 cases of cerebral schistosomiasis mansoni is
      presented. All patients had the hepatosplenic form, and except for two, the
      cardiopulmonary form of the disease. The most common lesions were periovular
      mononuclear inflammatory reaction, granulomas and focal astrocytosis. Arteritis
      and vascular lesions suggesting sequelae of arteritis or ova passage through the
      arterial wall were found in 26.7% and 20% of the cases, respectively. The
      clinical features and the possible mechanisms by which the S. mansoni ova produce
      the vascular changes are discussed. These findings indicate that vascular changes
      were common in our patients with cerebral schistosomiasis mansoni.

PMID- 4037182
TI  - Macracanthorhynchus ingens from a child in Texas.
AB  - Nine acanthocephala recovered over a two-month period from the stools of a 10
      month-old child in Texas were identified as Macracanthorhynchus ingens, a common
      intestinal parasite of the raccoon, Procyon lotor.

PMID- 4037181
TI  - Incidence of endemic Opisthorchis viverrini infection in a village in northeast
      Thailand.
AB  - Incidence, measured as the proportion of persons whose stools become positive
      within one year, was studied in endemic Opisthorchis viverrini, the human liver
      fluke, in a northeastern Thai village over a two-year period. Incidence was
      higher in males than in females, especially in children under five years of age.
      It was at least 47% overall in the first year of the study, but declined to below
      20% per year in the second. This is attributed to drying of a local water
      reservoir and decline in availability of infective stages in fish. The
      fluctuation of incidence is probably due to the large variations in rainfall from
      year to year. The rate of reversion from positive to negative varied from 2% to
      6% per year.

PMID- 4037183
TI  - The childhood health effects of an improved water supply system on a remote
      Panamanian island.
AB  - The incidence of diarrhea, respiratory disease, and skin infections was
      prospectively determined after the introduction of a system which distributed
      unlimited quantities of high quality fresh water to each of the 150 housing units
      on Tupile, an island devoid of fresh water located off Panama's Caribbean coast
      and inhabited by 1,500 Cuna Indians. Tupile residents used 7.1 liters of
      water/person/day compared to the 2.3 usage rate of inhabitants on Achutupo, the
      control island. Despite ready availability of water in each household, Tupile
      residents continued to store water in contaminated vessels prior to use. Forty
      percent of stored water samples tested on Tupile and 45% on Achutupo were
      contaminated with E. coli organisms. There were 4.7 episodes/child year (E/Y) of
      acute diarrhea on Tupile compared with the 3.5 rate on Achutupo. The rotavirus
      infection rate on Tupile was 0.8 E/Y compared with 0.2 E/Y on Achutupo. Infection
      rates for Norwalk virus, respiratory syncytial virus and Coxsackie B 1-6 viruses
      were similar on both islands. Respiratory disease rates were high on both islands
      (2.2 E/Y on Tupile, 2.7 E/Y on Achutupo). Achutupo had much higher rates of
      impetigo and scabies (0.6 E/Y and 2.5 E/Y, respectively) than Tupile (0.2 E/Y and
      1.4 E/Y). Provision of the water distribution system had a beneficial effect on
      the incidence of water-washed diseases (impetigo and scabies), but at best had no
      effect on diarrheal disease.

PMID- 4037184
TI  - Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977-1980. I. Historical aspects and
      description of study sites.
AB  - This is the introductory paper to a series on the ecology of arboviruses in
      Argentina. Epizootics of equine encephalitis have occurred since at least 1908,
      principally in the Pampa and Espinal biogeographic zones, with significant
      economic losses; human cases of encephalitis have been rare or absent. Both
      western equine and eastern equine encephalitis viruses have been isolated from
      horses during these epizootics, but the mosquitoes responsible for transmission
      have not been identified. A number of isolations of Venezuelan equine
      encephalitis (VEE) virus were reported between 1936 and 1958 in Argentina, but
      the validity of these findings has been seriously questioned. Nevertheless,
      serological evidence exists for human infections with a member of the VEE virus
      complex. Serological surveys conducted in the 1960s indicate a high prevalence of
      infection of humans and domestic animals with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), and 2
      SLE virus strains have been isolated from rodents. Human disease, however, has
      rarely been associated with SLE infection. Only 7 isolations of other arboviruses
      have been described (3 of Maguari, 1 of Aura, 2 of Una, and 1 of an untyped
      Bunyamwera group virus). In 1977, we began longitudinal field studies in Santa Fe
      Province, the epicenter of previous equine epizootics, and in 1980 we extended
      these studies to Chaco and Corrientes provinces. The study sites are described in
      this paper.

PMID- 4037185
TI  - Homogeneity among Senegalese strains of yellow fever virus.
AB  - A series of 16 yellow fever (YF) viruses isolated from mosquitoes, monkeys and
      humans in different epidemiological contexts in Senegal and The Gambia between
      1976 and 1983, was analyzed by T1 RNase oligonucleotide fingerprints of the
      genomic 32P-labeled RNA, by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the
      intracellular virus-specified polypeptides, by peptide mapping of the envelope E
      glycoprotein and by immunological reactivities with monoclonal antibody fluids
      (MAF's) against the E glycoprotein. These strains had not been passed in suckling
      mice and were isolated in Aedes pseudoscutellaris Mos 61 cultured cells. These
      strains showed no virulence in three-week-old Swiss mice when injected
      intraperitoneally. Direct comparison of the large T1 RNase-resistant
      oligonucleotide maps indicated a relative genetic stability (92%-100%). A greater
      change was observed when these strains were compared with an epidemic YF strain
      isolated in 1965 with an oligonucleotide fingerprint map sharing 82%-88%
      similarity. The YF-specified proteins were identical in their molecular weight,
      and the fragments obtained after limited proteolysis of the envelope protein
      using protease V8 or alphachymotrypsine indicated that the strains were
      chemically similar. Only a few differences were observed when the strains were
      seroneutralized with MAF's, but no relation could be made with genetic or
      biological data. This suggested that the YF virus strains isolated from the same
      geographic area and during a short period of time had evolved slowly. Moreover,
      all the viruses were closely related and no correlation could be established with
      the apparent variations in virulence in nature.

PMID- 4037186
TI  - Oral infection and transmission of La Crosse virus by an enzootic strain of Aedes
      triseriatus feeding on chipmunks with a range of viremia levels.
AB  - The susceptibility of Aedes triseriatus to oral infection with La Crosse (LAC)
      virus resulting from feeding on chipmunks with viremia titers of 0.6 to 4.6
      log10SMICLD50/0.025 ml was determined. Results indicated that viremia titers must
      exceed 3.2 log10SMICLD50/0.025 ml before a significant proportion (greater than
      or equal to 50%) of mosquitoes are infected and capable of transmitting LAC
      virus. Mosquitoes which fed on chipmunk blood-LAC virus mixtures through a
      membrane feeder had significantly lower infection rates at virus titers of 1.8 to
      4.4 log10SMICLD50/0.025 ml and transmission was also significantly reduced.
      Application of these data to LAC viremia titers measured in chipmunks in an
      earlier study indicate that viremias sufficiently high to ensure transmission by
      the mosquitoes becoming orally infected average only about 1 day per infective
      bite delivered to the susceptible portion of the amplifier population. Oral
      infection and transmission rates were also determined for Ae. triseriatus feeding
      on chipmunk blood containing LAC virus neutralizing (N) antibodies and for Ae.
      triseriatus feeding on deer blood containing Jamestown Canyon (JC) virus N
      antibodies. Infection rates were similar to those observed in mosquitoes imbibing
      blood free of N antibody at the virus titers tested, but, oral transmission was
      reduced in females feeding on chipmunk blood-LAC virus mixtures containing LAC N
      antibodies and there was no transmission by females feeding on deer blood-LAC
      virus mixtures containing JC N antibodies. These data suggest that high LAC
      antibody prevalences in chipmunk populations and high LAC or JC antibody
      prevalences in deer populations may be antagonistic to horizontal LAC virus
      transmission.

PMID- 4037188
TI  - Selection of surgical chairmen.

PMID- 4037187
TI  - Kinetic study of platelets and fibrinogen in Lassa virus-infected monkeys and
      early pathologic events in Mopeia virus-infected monkeys.
AB  - The rhesus monkey, an established model of Lassa fever, was used to study
      hematologic and hemostatic aspects of Lassa fever and whether Mopeia (also known
      as Mozambique) virus induces any cellular damage in this model. Six days after
      subcutaneous injection of 10(3.48) plaque forming units (PFU) of Lassa virus
      (Josiah strain) one group of monkeys received an intravenous injection of 111In
      labeled allogeneic platelets and another group received 125I-labeled alogeneic
      fibrinogen. Lassa virus-infected monkeys developed a severe clinical illness with
      high viremia and typical pathology. Lassa antigen was found in most tissues using
      a Lassa nucleocapsid-specific monoclonal antibody. Platelet counts remained
      within normal limits. Platelet and fibrinogen kinetics were similar in infected
      and control animals. Hematologic and hemostatic changes indicate that
      disseminated intravascular coagulation plays no role in this model of Lassa
      fever. Levels of plasma fibronectin were reduced in Lassa-infected monkeys.
      Mopeia virus-infected monkeys were normothemic, aviremic, and there was no
      detection of Mopeia antigen in any tissues using polyclonal or monoclonal
      antibodies. Mopeia virus was recovered from the spleen of one monkey. Mopeia
      virus was associated with hepatocellular and renal tubular damage.

PMID- 4037189
TI  - Prognostic significance of the absolute lymphocyte count in acute pancreatitis.
AB  - The absolute lymphocyte count was calculated with 48 hours of admission in 154
      patients with acute pancreatitis. Twenty-three patients had severe pancreatitis
      and 131 patients had mild pancreatitis. The mean absolute lymphocyte count for
      the severe group was 880 +/- 102 cells/mm3 and for the mild group, 1,115 +/- 116
      cells/mm3. The absolute lymphocyte count accurately predicted 78 percent of the
      severe attacks and 86 percent of the mild attacks.

PMID- 4037190
TI  - Evaluation of possible patient survival in a mock airplane disaster.
AB  - A mock disaster at Orange County's John Wayne Airport provided a basis for
      examining correct triage of patients and their arrival time for definitive care.
      The ability to triage critically injured patients in a timely fashion was found
      to be only slightly better than chance routing. For most of the seriously and
      critically injured patients, it took more than 1.5 hours to reach the hospital.
      Advanced life support with intravenous fluid resuscitation available on the scene
      would probably reduce the mortality of possible disaster victims by 50 percent.
      These problems are presently being addressed. In future disaster exercises, the
      present type of evaluation could be used to judge improvement in possible patient
      triage and survival.

PMID- 4037191
TI  - Long-term disability associated with flail chest injury.
AB  - Twenty-two trauma victims who had sustained flail chest as their only significant
      injury were evaluated to determine the final outcome. Fourteen patients (63.9
      percent) were found to have long-term sequelae. The most common long-term
      problems after flail chest injury were persistent chest wall pain, chest wall
      deformity, and dyspnea on exertion. Five patients (22 percent) remained disabled
      in varying degrees.

PMID- 4037192
TI  - Secretion of beta-lactam antibiotics in pure human pancreatic juice.
AB  - The secretion of cephalothin and cefoxitin in stimulated pure pancreatic juice
      was studied in 13 persons after intravenous administration of antibiotics. Of all
      these studied, three had acute relapsing pancreatitis, five chronic pancreatitis,
      and five were control subjects. Antibiotic levels were measured in paired pure
      pancreatic juice and serum samples at fixed time intervals after administration.
      Cephalothin was detected in very low levels (1 to 1.8 micrograms/ml) in the pure
      pancreatic juice of four of the six persons studied (3 micrograms/ml). Although
      therapeutic levels were not obtained in stimulated pure pancreatic juice with
      either antibiotic, additional studies evaluating antibiotic levels in
      unstimulated pure pancreatic juice and in pancreatic tissue would be helpful in
      assessing the role of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of pancreatitis.

PMID- 4037193
TI  - Recurrence after parietal cell vagotomy for peptic ulcer disease.
AB  - The value of parietal cell vagotomy as a safe surgical procedure in the treatment
      of chronic peptic ulcer disease has been seemingly limited by the high recurrence
      rate usually reported. In this 10 year experience of 405 consecutive parietal
      cell vagotomy operations, 57 patients with recurrent ulceration were evaluated to
      try to answer the questions of where and why recurrent ulceration appears and how
      to treat it. Patients with pyloric or prepyloric ulcer disease had recurrence of
      disease earlier than did patients with chronic duodenal ulcer disease.
      Consequently, pyloric or prepyloric ulcer patients had a higher recurrence rate
      in the early postoperative period than chronic duodenal ulcer patients, but this
      difference disappeared after the seventh postoperative year. Patients with
      recurrent chronic duodenal ulcer disease have high postoperative acid secretion
      levels, indicating incomplete vagotomy as a causative factor. Patients with
      recurrent pyloric or prepyloric ulcer disease have postoperative acid secretion
      similar to that of patients without recurrence, suggesting another etiologic
      factor. Thirty of 57 patients with recurrent ulcer had successful medical
      treatment. A conservative attitude towards recurrences is justified, particularly
      when symptoms are few and the postoperative acid secretion tests indicate
      complete or partial vagotomy. Surgical therapy consisting of truncal vagotomy and
      pyloroplasty in cases of incomplete vagotomy and antrectomy in cases of complete
      vagotomy should be reserved for patients with symptoms and a disease course that
      cannot be controlled by conservative treatment.

PMID- 4037194
TI  - The preoperative angiogram as a predictor of peripheral vascular runoff.
AB  - The preoperative angiogram is widely used as a means of assessing peripheral
      vascular runoff before bypass grafting, but the correlation between preoperative
      angiographic findings and actual measurements of peripheral vascular resistance
      has not been adequately examined. To test this correlation, we first devised a
      simple technique for measuring peripheral resistance and validated it in five
      dogs. Increases in peripheral resistance were artificially produced by
      temporarily occluding either the deep or superficial femoral artery or by
      intravenous administration of phenylephrine hydrochloride, a vasoconstrictor. In
      each instance, significant increases in resistance could be measured. We then
      used a similar technique to measure resistance in 23 patients undergoing
      peripheral bypass surgery. In addition, preoperative angiograms for these 23
      patients were independently scored by four readers as 0, 1, 2, or 3 based on the
      number of patent vessels seen below the knee. Variations in scoring from reader
      to reader suggested that the present criteria for grading angiograms on this
      basis are unclear. Moreover, the correlation between angiographic score and
      measured resistance was poor for three of the four scorers (-0.21 to -0.29, p
      greater than 0.05). The angiographic scores of one reader, however, correlated
      reasonably well with the peripheral resistance measured at surgery (-0.59, p =
      0.01). These findings demonstrate that current criteria for grading the
      preoperative angiogram are not sufficiently standardized to reliably predict
      runoff from a preoperative angiogram. However, these findings also suggest that
      it may be possible to identify angiographic findings that correlate well with
      changes in measured resistance.

PMID- 4037195
TI  - Femoral hernia. Review of 2,105 repairs in a 17 year period.
AB  - A series of 2,105 femoral hernia repairs performed in a 17 year period has been
      reviewed. Of these, 1,138 were primary and 967 were recurrent. In the majority of
      the primary repairs (730 in men and 408 in women), a low or subinguinal approach
      was used. There was often an ipsilateral inguinal hernia, particularly in men,
      that required a separate simultaneous routine repair. An overall recurrence rate
      of approximately 2 percent was achieved in the primary group. Of the recurrent
      repairs, 778 were in men and 189 in women. The subinguinal approach was favored
      in the majority of these patients also. The rerecurrence rate was approximately
      10 percent in men and 7 percent in women. Despite this, the low approach has
      still often been considered the best. These recurrent repairs are frequently
      difficult to treat. A strategy for the treatment of the larger and the more
      difficult recurrent femoral hernias has been suggested herein.

PMID- 4037196
TI  - Abdominal wall and inguinal hernias in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      patients.
AB  - This retrospective analysis of 140 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      patients followed during a 4 year period revealed a 5 percent incidence of
      abdominal wall hernias. Inguinal hernias were frequently manifested as unilateral
      scrotal swelling. Hernias too small to be appreciated by physical examination
      were easily demonstrable with intraperitoneal instillation of technetium 99m
      sulfur colloid through the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter.
      This procedure was also useful when differentiating dialysate leaks from inguinal
      hernia in the early and late postoperative periods. Recurrences developed in 27
      percent of the herniorrhaphies. Factors contributing to the development of
      abdominal wall hernias in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
      include uremia, obesity, anemia, and chronically elevated intraperitoneal
      pressures.

PMID- 4037197
TI  - Changes in bile salt composition after cholecystectomy and ileal resection.
AB  - The effect of ileal resection and cholecystectomy on bile salt metabolism was
      studied in female prairie dogs 4 weeks after either a sham laparotomy,
      cholecystectomy, ileal resection, or cholecystectomy and ileal resection. Bile
      was collected from a common bile duct cannula at hourly intervals for 12 hours.
      Pool sizes and synthetic rates of primary and secondary bile salts were
      determined from washout curves. Cholate, chenodeoxycholate, deoxycholate, and
      lithocholate levels were determined by gas chromatography from pooled collections
      of bile. After cholecystectomy and ileal resection, the pool sizes of primary and
      secondary bile salts were significantly reduced to amounts that were much less
      than the pool sizes after either procedure alone. Primary bile salt synthesis was
      significantly increased after combined cholecystectomy and ileal resection, to
      the same degree as cholecystectomy alone. After the combined procedures, there
      was a decrease in the proportion of cholate in hepatic bile associated with an
      increase in chenodeoxycholate, deoxycholate, and lithocholate levels. The data
      suggest that after the loss of both ileum and gallbladder the bile salt pool
      sizes are drastically reduced, the synthesis of primary bile salts is increased,
      and the proportion of secondary bile salts is increased. Cholecystectomy should
      be avoided, if possible, in patients with ileal resection in order to conserve
      the bile salt pool and prevent severe fat malabsorption.

PMID- 4037198
TI  - Adenocarcinoma in columnar-lined Barrett's esophagus. Analysis of 13
      esophagectomies.
AB  - From 1977 to 1982, 13 patients with adenocarcinoma arising in the distal
      esophagus lined by columnar epithelium underwent esophagectomy with detailed
      analysis of the pathologic specimen. In three patients, microinvasive carcinoma
      was detected before dysplasia occurred. In five patients, the ectopic mucosa was
      discontinuous, prolonged cranially by islands of columnar epithelium scattered in
      the squamous mucosa. Variable degrees of dysplasia were found in the columnar
      epithelium in seven specimens in areas of intestinal metaplasia. In four patients
      with high-grade dysplasia, several foci of intramucosal carcinoma were
      identified. They were scattered over the whole length of the ectopic mucosa.
      These data strongly suggest that adenocarcinoma develops from dysplasia, the real
      premalignant lesion. Careful periodic screening must be carried out in patients
      identified as having Barrett's esophagus. Dysplasia may be detected and located
      by endoscopy with dye spraying with directed biopsies. Patients with high-grade
      dysplasia should undergo esophagectomy with resection of the whole ectopic mucosa
      because they are at high risk for development of carcinoma.

PMID- 4037199
TI  - Malignant tumors of the anus. A study of 106 cases.
AB  - This study of 106 cases of malignant tumors of the anus has shown that the
      diagnosis was often made late. In 15 percent of the patients the tumor was at the
      anal margin; in 61 percent, in the anal canal, and in 24 percent, the tumor was
      so extensive that its origin could not be determined clinically. In nearly half
      of the cases, the cancers were advanced and showed perirectal metastases.
      Surgical treatment was the rule, with local excision for carcinomas of the anal
      margin and abdominoperineal resection for tumors of the canal. The general
      prognosis over a period of several decades remains poor. We found a 20 percent 5
      year survival rate for epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal, excluding deaths
      from causes other than cancer during the follow-up period.

PMID- 4037200
TI  - Sacrococcygeal teratomas in infants and children.
AB  - From 1941 through 1983, a total of 66 patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma were
      seen, representing 41 percent of the total of 162 patients with teratomas from
      all anatomic sites seen over this period. Forty-six (70 percent) of the patients
      with sacrococcygeal teratomas were female and 34 (52 percent) were neonates.
      Younger patients had a significantly better prognosis. Approximately half (48
      percent) of the patients had benign tumors. Of the other 34 patients, 19 (29
      percent) had frank malignancy, being either a purely malignant tumor or a tumor
      with malignant mixed with benign elements, and 15 (23 percent) patients had
      tumors containing embryonic but no malignant components. Patients with tumors
      containing mature adult or embryonic tissues have a good prognosis. However,
      malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma portends a bleak prognosis irrespective of
      therapy (in this series only one patient survived among 19 patients with an
      average survival of 16 months after diagnosis).

PMID- 4037201
TI  - Management of retroperitoneal sarcomas and patient survival.
AB  - Sixty-eight patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas had an estimated 5 year
      survival rate of 34 percent after initial treatment. Patients with complete
      resection of the tumor had a 5 year rate of 64 percent and a 7 year rate of 56
      percent. The respective survival rates for patients with partial excision were 33
      percent and 0 and for those with only a biopsy the survival rates at 5 and 7
      years were 10 percent. Radiotherapy with chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone was
      given to 47 patients. In the treatment of macroscopic tumor, radiotherapy or
      radiotherapy plus chemotherapy resulted in a 5 year survival rate of 10 percent
      and chemotherapy alone in a 5 year survival rate of 8 percent. Complete surgical
      resection is an important part of the management of retroperitoneal sarcomas and,
      with modern techniques of exposure, should be possible in the majority of
      patients.

PMID- 4037202
TI  - Lactomer copolymer absorbable staples in gastrointestinal surgery.
AB  - We performed a series of experimental studies to determine the clinical
      feasibility of using lactomer copolymer absorbable staples in gastrointestinal
      surgery. The stapling properties, reliability of suture and wound healing, and
      degree of inflammatory response were compared to similar properties of standard
      metal staples and polyglactin sutures. The absorbable staples were used in
      partial gastric transection, Billroth II gastrojejunostomy, and to close the
      ileum and ascending colon as part of an ileocecal resection. There were no deaths
      or complications in the nine experimental animals. At sacrifice 2 and 4 weeks
      after operation, the absorbable staples were intact with little or no macroscopic
      or microscopic evidence of absorption. The mucosal and submucosal layers were
      completely healed at 2 weeks, but muscular and serosal layers, although in
      excellent approximation, were incompletely joined. Inflammatory reactions around
      the lactomer staples and polyglactin sutures were comparable, but greater than
      that observed around metal staples. The studies suggest that staple techniques
      using absorbable materials are feasible and safe in gastrointestinal surgery.

PMID- 4037203
TI  - Gluteal thigh flap repair of chronic perineal wounds.
AB  - Since the introduction of the gluteal thigh flap in 1979, we have had the
      opportunity to study and modify this reconstructive technique in over 40
      patients. Our successful experience with the gluteal thigh flap in six
      consecutive patients with difficult, nonhealing perineal pelvic sinuses has
      increased our confidence with this modality and led to a modified technique.
      Bilateral deepithelialized and well-vascularized flaps are harvested from the
      posterior thighs and transferred to the perineal wounds on pliable musculofascial
      pedicles through the ischiorectal space. Proper filling of the pelvic space
      requires adequate debridement, which may include release of a bottleneck
      narrowing of the sacral promontory. Donor site morbidity is minimal and
      temporary. Follow-up periods of 8 months to 5 years have revealed no wound
      recurrence.

PMID- 4037204
TI  - Gastropleural fistula. Report of three cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Three cases of gastropleural fistulas of different causes are presented. Patients
      with acute fistulas from ruptured intrathoracic portions of stomach appear to
      benefit from early surgery and repair. The management of more insidious
      gastropleural fistulas probably demands a more conservative approach.

PMID- 4037205
TI  - Effects of head gamma-irradiation and anesthesia on serum corticosterone and
      thyroid hormones in the rat.

PMID- 4037206
TI  - The effects of hypolipidaemic benzodiazepines on serum lipoproteins in
      hyperlipidaemic rats.

PMID- 4037208
TI  - [Elements of a reformation of living taxonomy].

PMID- 4037207
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of naloxone in brain death (preliminary results)].

PMID- 4037209
TI  - Modification of urinary potassium secretion following lithium in rats of
      different ages.

PMID- 4037210
TI  - Changes in thyrotropic hormone, triiodothyronine and thyroxine level in endotoxin
      shock in rats.

PMID- 4037211
TI  - [Use of Gamma-OH by the oral route in children].

PMID- 4037212
TI  - [Problems posed by anesthesia for surgery of the posterior fossa].

PMID- 4037213
TI  - [Functional anatomy of the posterior fossa].

PMID- 4037214
TI  - [Central control of respiration].

PMID- 4037215
TI  - [Etiology and prevention of cardiovascular disorders in surgery of the posterior
      cerebral fossae in the sitting position].

PMID- 4037216
TI  - [Effects of the ventral decubitus position on hemodynamic parameters].

PMID- 4037217
TI  - [Surgery of the posterior cerebral fossa in a sitting position in children less
      than 1 year old: installation and anesthesia].

PMID- 4037218
TI  - [Early postoperative period in surgery of the posterior cerebral fossa in infants
      and children, in the sitting position].

PMID- 4037219
TI  - [Value of evoked brain stem potentials in hydrocephalus caused by tumor of the
      posterior fossa (preliminary study)].

PMID- 4037220
TI  - [Per- and postoperative complications of surgery of acoustic neurinomas].

PMID- 4037221
TI  - [Anomalies of the respiratory control system in surgery of acoustic neurinomas].

PMID- 4037222
TI  - [Postoperative complications of acoustic neurinoma surgery by the posterior
      fossa: apropos of 60 cases].

PMID- 4037223
TI  - [A case of paradoxical gas embolism].

PMID- 4037224
TI  - [Elements of a reformation of living taxonomy. II. The great taxa].

PMID- 4037225
TI  - Evaluation of the interrelations between muscular and cardiovascular responses
      using autoregressive models.

PMID- 4037226
TI  - Acute bilateral sequential vestibular neuritis.
AB  - Two cases of bilateral sequential vestibular neuritis demonstrate the significant
      persistent disequilibrium that follows involvement of the second ear. The
      etiology for the loss of vestibular function is postulated to be a viral
      neuritis. Vestibular suppressant drugs are helpful in relieving nausea and
      vomiting in the acute phase of the disease; however, they are of no therapeutic
      value for the protracted disequilibrium following involvement of the second ear.
      An awareness of this disorder as a disease entity will minimize diagnostic and
      therapeutic frustration on the part of the physician and provide a realistic
      prognosis for the patient. Unfortunately, the prognosis is for permanent but
      somewhat lessening disequilibrium with the passage of time and depends in great
      part on the subject's age.

PMID- 4037227
TI  - Behavioral conditioning and experimental motion-induced sickness.
AB  - Adult male squirrel monkeys were the subjects of experiments conducted to
      determine whether or not repeated exposures to sickness-inducing horizontal
      rotation would result in behavioral conditioning of emetic responses. The
      development of conditioned food aversion and feeding suppression as a consequence
      of pre- and postrotation eating was quantified. It was concluded that neither
      instrumental conditioning nor classical conditioning were valid alternative
      hypotheses for the occurrence of repeated vomiting episodes over a period of ten
      daily exposures to motion. Conditioned aversion to fresh banana and feeding
      suppression developed gradually if rotation, which induced multiple bouts of
      vomiting, was sustained for 1- or 2-hour sessions. If spinning was terminated
      immediately after the first emetic response, no aversion or suppression emerged.
      The occurrence of food aversion, by itself, is questioned as a valid index of the
      presence of subjective concomitants of motion sickness in animals.

PMID- 4037228
TI  - Quantitative effects of nasal surgery on olfaction.
AB  - A prospective study of 100 patients undergoing nasal surgery was done to
      quantitate the effects of nasal surgery on olfaction. Patients were evaluated pre
      and postoperatively with regard to their subjective olfaction, and pre- and
      postoperative olfactograms were obtained using a simple office olfactometer.
      Thirty-two patients had normal olfaction during the course of study. Forty-nine
      improved following surgery. Eight patients had a decrease in olfaction after
      surgery. Two of these were related to allergic rhinitis. One patient had a total
      loss of olfaction following a septorhinoplasty. The authors conclude that most
      patients undergoing nasal surgery will have either an improvement or no change in
      olfaction after surgery.

PMID- 4037230
TI  - Antibody activity of IgG subclasses against pneumococcal polysaccharides after
      vaccination.
AB  - The isotypic pattern of antipneumococcal polysaccharide antibodies with respect
      to IgG subclasses differs in adults and children. Adults show almost exclusively
      IgG2 activity, whereas children exhibit both IgG1 and IgG2 activity. The IgG
      subclass pattern of the antibody response after pneumococcal vaccination was
      evaluated in nine healthy children 1 to 2 years of age, eight healthy children 5
      to 6 years old, and eight healthy adults. The number of individuals responding
      increased with age, and the response was mainly of the IgG1 subclass. The
      implications of this finding are discussed.

PMID- 4037229
TI  - Transepithelial cation movements in gerbil utricles.
AB  - The inner ear epithelium secretes potassium (K+) and absorbs sodium (Na+). The
      authors' experiments utilized, for the first time, isolation of the nonsensory
      from the sensory regions of the utricle in the vestibular labyrinth of the gerbil
      by means of injecting insulating seals. It was found that the isolated nonsensory
      region accumulated rubidium (Rb+) (as a marker for K+) in the endolymph to a
      level of eight times (41 mmol/l) that in the incubation medium (5 mmol/l) over a
      90-minute period. However, Na+ rose during this period, suggesting that cells
      excluded from this preparation (sensory regions) may be involved in Na+
      reabsorption. Further observations of the time course of changes in the luminal
      concentrations of cations suggested that the endpoints observed at 90 minutes
      represented a new steady state in which both Na+ and K+ concentrations were
      higher and lower, respectively, than under control conditions (by about 40 mmol/l
      each), but they were still each displaced from electrochemical equilibrium. This
      implies that the processes of Na+ absorption and/or K+ secretion may be shared in
      some way between the two regions. This finding is unexpected, based on previous
      models of endolymph production, in which ionic regulation has been assigned to
      nonsensory regions alone.

PMID- 4037231
TI  - Effect of atropine and carbachol on vestibular compensation in squirrel monkeys.
AB  - The central cholinergic system's involvement in vestibular compensation has been
      clearly demonstrated in the infra-human primate model. In the squirrel monkey,
      long after unilateral labyrinthectomy, atropine injection produced significant
      reduction of slow-phase eye velocity of the spontaneous nystagmus. The atropine
      effect was also depicted through the dynamic vestibular inputs, reducing the
      maximum slow-phase eye velocity of damped pendular rotation nystagmus. Contrary
      results (increased slow-phase eye velocities) were found after carbachol
      injection. After atropine injection, the locomotor deviation count increased
      significantly, more to the nonlesion side. Carbachol injection engendered the
      opposite result. After bilateral labyrinthectomy, no significant effect was found
      from drug injection. Thus, our findings suggest that atropine's major site of
      action after unilateral labyrinthectomy is the vestibular nuclei on the intact
      side.

PMID- 4037232
TI  - [The degree of endothelial desquamation in normal pregnancy and the puerperium].

PMID- 4037233
TI  - [Quantitative drug exchange in the maternal-placental-fetal system. Studies of
      transplacental lidol transport].

PMID- 4037234
TI  - [High annular constriction dystocia of the uterus during labor].

PMID- 4037235
TI  - [Tying off the umbilical cord with a rubber ring].

PMID- 4037236
TI  - [Comparative study of 2 new methods of anesthesia induction in cesarean section-
      their effect on maternal, fetal and neonatal parameters].

PMID- 4037237
TI  - [Comparative study of epidural and general anesthesia in planned cesarean
      section].

PMID- 4037238
TI  - [Anesthesia during labor via epidural analgesia. II. Its effect on the fetus and
      newborn infant].

PMID- 4037239
TI  - [Orchiectomy in spermatic cord torsion--hormonal and spermatological research].

PMID- 4037240
TI  - [Epithelial tumors of the ovary with a low malignant potential. I. Histogenesis,
      morphology and diagnosis].

PMID- 4037241
TI  - [Does vaginal adenosis exist in Bulgaria?].

PMID- 4037242
TI  - Antithrombin III concentrates for treatment of disseminated intravascular
      coagulation in children.
AB  - Six children (1 month to 5 years old) with DIC were treated with bolus injection
      of AT-III concentrates and/or continuous heparin infusion. In one case, when AT
      III concentrates were administered without heparin, the platelet count was
      normalized in accordance with a rise in the plasma AT-III level. In the other
      children, who were treated with both AT-III concentrates and heparin, most of the
      abnormalities in coagulation studies were normalized within 5 days in four of
      five cases. These findings suggest that the administration of AT-III concentrates
      may significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of heparin, and that the use
      of AT-III concentrates with heparin is a safe and effective regimen for the
      treatment of childhood DIC.

PMID- 4037243
TI  - Chronic transfusions in patients with sickle cell disease. Indications and
      problems.
AB  - The use of chronic transfusions in patients with sickle cell disease is now the
      common practice after a stroke has occurred, in order to prevent the highly
      probable recurrence. Clinical studies show that chronic transfusion prevents the
      recurrence of a stroke. Review of the natural history of sickle cell disease
      indicates, however, that the mortality and morbidity associated with hemoglobin
      SS disease are quite high. Use of chronic transfusion, given before the
      occurrence of stroke and other irreversible organ damage, can be considered as an
      alternative to the conservative management of sickle cell disease. Chronic
      transfusion has become practicable since the recent advances in chelation therapy
      have essentially eliminated the risk of secondary iron overload.

PMID- 4037244
TI  - Ethical issues in cooperative cancer therapy trials from a statistical viewpoint.
      I. A general overview.
AB  - In conducting collaborative cancer therapy trials, investigators have an
      obligation to answer relevant and realistic research questions, while providing
      the patient with quality treatment. They should participate only in well
      conceived, well-designed protocols. Their patients should follow the protocol as
      closely as possible. Protocol violations are admissible only in extreme cases,
      instances in which the patient's well-being is clearly best served by this
      violation. The participating clinicians have the obligation to submit quality and
      timely data. Finally, the results of each study must be written up in such a
      fashion that the reader has a clear understanding of the goals and outcomes of
      the trial.

PMID- 4037245
TI  - Ethical issues in cooperative cancer therapy trials from a statistical viewpoint.
      II. Specific issues.
AB  - Quality collaborative clinical trials cannot be run without the complete
      commitment of every investigator. The clinician must provide quality data and
      must submit the data on time. The statistical office and protocol coordinator are
      responsible for maintaining confidentiality and for keeping a watchful eye on the
      overall conduct of the study. Safety monitoring of experimental drugs or drug
      combinations is a central responsibility, since individual investigators
      generally only see the statistical reports on the study, rather than the raw
      data. It is critical that interim statistical reports be interpreted correctly so
      as not to affect accrual adversely. A separate issue discussed in this article is
      the answering of negative questions. Can therapy be reduced and still obtain
      equal efficacy? Such studies are based on sound ethical considerations, but they
      are hazardous since they could lead to serious worsening in cure rates.

PMID- 4037246
TI  - Transient myeloproliferative syndrome in a phenotypically normal infant.

PMID- 4037247
TI  - Transient granulocyte maturation arrest: discovery by flow cytometry of a variant
      form of agranulocytosis.
AB  - A 5-year-old child presented with pneumonia and agranulocytosis. A Wright-stained
      peripheral blood smear showed only cells which had the morphological appearance
      of lymphocytes, plus a few monocytes and eosinophils. A bone marrow aspirate
      smear showed a complete lack of recognizable granulocyte precursors. However, the
      admission CBC and differential performed by automated flow cytochemistry
      (Technicon Instruments Corporation H-6000) measured 32% granulocytes as
      determined by peroxidase activity. Cytochemical stains on the blood and marrow
      smears revealed that many of the cells that had the morphological appearance of
      lymphocytes were positive for myeloperoxidase activity. Special studies on these
      cells revealed them to be abnormal, intermediate granulocytes with azurophilic,
      peroxidase-containing primary granules, but with few secondary granules and
      limited lactoferrin activity. Over 28 days the child recovered, first with
      granulocytic hyperplasia in the marrow and then a return of the peripheral blood
      to normal. This is the first case report of an episode of transient
      "agranulocytosis" which in reality was a maturation arrest.

PMID- 4037248
TI  - Hematologic changes during acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease.

PMID- 4037249
TI  - [Chronic urticaria: etiology and diagnosis].

PMID- 4037250
TI  - [Bronchodilator effect of fenoterol in acute asthma and after 2 weeks].

PMID- 4037251
TI  - [Bronchial asthma and ketotifen. Open clinical study of children].

PMID- 4037252
TI  - Effects of Ca2+ antagonist, nicardipine, on experimental asthma with special
      reference to slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis.
AB  - Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) is an important chemical mediator
      of bronchial asthma. Leukotriene C4 is a component of SRS-A and is synthesized
      from arachidonic acid. Its synthesizing and releasing processes are found to be
      Ca2+-dependent. We developed an in vivo inhalation asthma model, mainly mediated
      by SRS-A, and elucidated the relationship between a Ca2+-antagonist, nicardipine,
      and SRS-A. In the asthmatic model, mediated by endogenous SRS-A induced by
      antigen inhalation, continuous intravenous infusion of nicardipine 7
      micrograms/kg/min depressed the open airway pressure by about 60% compared with
      the saline-treated group. Inhibition of mean pulmonary resistance (RL) was about
      50% and that of the inverted value of dynamic compliance (1/Cdyn) about 36%.
      However, the same concentration of nicardipine did not significantly effect the
      airway response in the asthmatic model induced by the inhalation of leukotriene
      C4. These results suggest that nicardipine, at the concentration used in the
      present study. did not block the direct effect of SRS-A on the smooth muscle, but
      blocked the Ca2+ influx required for the synthesis of SRS-A and its release.

PMID- 4037253
TI  - A study of serum antibody activity in workers with occupational exposure to
      diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
AB  - The prevalence of sensitization was studied in a group of 76 foundry workers with
      occupational exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Ten workers had
      clinical evidence of asthma, 40 had non-asthmatic respiratory symptoms, and 26
      were asymptomatic. Specific IgE antibodies to MDI were found in two workers
      (2.6%) and specific IgG antibodies, in five workers (6.6%). The prevalence of IgE
      and IgG antibodies was higher in the 10 subjects with asthma than in the non
      asthmatic group. The prevalence of anti-paratolyl-monoisocyanate antibodies was
      not significantly different from that of anti-MDI antibodies, and both haptenic
      determinants displayed a high degree of cross-reactivity in the RAST inhibition
      test. The role of humoral immunological mechanisms in MDI-induced asthma is
      unclear in view of the rather low prevalence of these serum antibodies in this
      group of workers.

PMID- 4037254
TI  - Diagnostic tests in allergy to green coffee.
AB  - Twenty-two coffee roastery workers with work-related symptoms of various degree
      from the eyes, nose or bronchi were tested with partly purified water-soluble
      extract from dust of green coffee beans (GCB). Eighteen persons had a positive
      prick test, eight a positive bronchial provocation test and seven a positive
      nasal provocation test. Fourteen had a positive methacholine test, indicating
      unspecific bronchial hyperreactivity. Specific IgE antibodies to GCB extract were
      found in sera of 11 workers and to castor bean (CB) extract in 16. The workers
      measured their lung function with an air flow meter, three times a day for 1
      week, and the values were lower in the second half of the week for the workers
      with IgE antibodies to GCB, but not for the others. It is concluded that the case
      history, prick test, RAST, and simple lung function tests for one or a few weeks
      are the best tools when investigating occupational allergy. When the allergen is
      unknown, but the occurrence of an IgE-mediated allergy is suspected, serial lung
      function measurements and determinations of total serum IgE, in addition to
      taking a careful case history, are valuable methods with which to start the
      investigation.

PMID- 4037255
TI  - Reproducibility of histamine skin prick test. Inter- and intravariation using
      histamine dihydrochloride 1, 5, and 10 mg/ml.
AB  - The reproducibility of skin prick test using histamine dihydrochloride 1, 5, and
      10 mg/ml was tested by three nurses in five non-atopics in a double-blind trial.
      The variations day-to-day, within-day, between and for the same tester were
      calculated. Seventy-five percent of wheal reactions obtained by histamine 1 mg/ml
      were less than 15 mm2. With histamine 5 mg/ml there were only a few wheals less
      than 15 mm2 and none at all with histamine 10 mg/ml. The mean coefficient of
      variation of wheals greater than 15 mm2 was between 20-30%, in contrast to
      figures between 30-60% with wheals less than 15 mm2. No significant day-to-day or
      within-day variation was shown concerning histamine wheal areas. It is suggested
      that histamine dihydrochloride 10 mg/ml should replace histamine dihydrochloride
      1 mg/ml as the positive reference in routine skin prick tests and biological
      standardization.

PMID- 4037256
TI  - Nasal challenge with serotonin and histamine in normal persons.
AB  - In order to study the nasal response to serotonin, 14 normal persons, in a double
      blind study, were provoked in the nose with serotonin and histamine. Itching and
      the number of sneezes were noted, the amount of secretion measured, and nasal
      airway resistance recorded by active posterior rhinomanometry. Serotonin induced
      significant nasal itching, sneezing and hypersecretion, similar to the effects of
      histamine. The effect of serotonin on nasal airway resistance, on the other hand,
      was slight (+ 10%) and insignificant in contrast to that of histamine in
      equipotent doses (+ 48%) (P less than 0.001). In conclusion, we have shown that
      serotonin provocation can induce a rhinitis response in the human nose. The nasal
      symptoms suggest an effect on sensory nerves with reflex-induced sneezing and
      hypersecretion, while there appears to be little direct effect on capacitance
      vessels. The possible role of serotonin as a mediator of rhinitis remains
      speculative.

PMID- 4037257
TI  - Persistent subcutaneous nodules in children hyposensitized with aluminium
      containing allergen extracts.
AB  - A follow-up study of 202 children who had received hyposensitization with
      aluminium-containing allergens showed that 1-3 years after cessation of
      hyposensitization 13 children still had severely pruiginous treatment-resistant
      subcutaneous nodules in their forearms. Because of their long persistence the
      nodules of six children were studied in detail. Histologically, the nodules
      showed infiltration with lymphocytes (forming germinal centres), macrophages,
      plasma cells, mast cells and a few eosinophils. In five patients aluminium
      crystals were found scattered between the cells and, in addition, the phagosomes
      of the macrophages contained aluminium. Patch tests for aluminium were positive
      in four of the six patients. It is concluded that persisting nodules during
      hyposensitization with aluminium-containing allergens may indicate development of
      aluminium hypersensitivity, and if this is confirmed hyposensitization should be
      discontinued.

PMID- 4037258
TI  - Clustered immunotherapy with Yellow Jacket venom. Evaluation of the influence of
      time interval on in vivo and in vitro parameters.
AB  - To evaluate difference in clinical efficacy, side effects, in vivo and in vitro
      parameters, 25 patients allergic to Yellow Jacket were treated with clustered
      immunotherapy using either 7 or 14 days interval between clusters. Twenty-one
      patients completed the 6 months' treatment period and four were withdrawn due to
      adverse reactions (2 cases of anaphylactic shock). Sixteen patients were
      challenged by in-hospital sting and the clinical efficacy was complete. Local
      side effects were observed in the majority of patients, but only rarely limited
      the course of immunotherapy. Skin sensitivity estimated as the venom
      concentration eliciting a wheal equal to histamine HCl 0.1 mg/ml using
      intradermal test was significantly reduced after 6 months of treatment. Specific
      IgE showed an initial increase, thereafter declining to pretreatment levels. IgG
      subclasses were determined by a triple antibody assay. Only subclasses 1 and 4
      showed response. Subclass 4 showed a steady increase contrary to subclass 1 which
      decreased after reaching maintenance dose. No unambiguous relation between either
      the absolute value or the change of IgG1 and IgG4 at the time of challenge was
      observed in the patients who tolerated a sting. Furthermore, the IgG response was
      not correlated to the cumulative dose of venom administered. No simple regulatory
      function of IgG subclasses in the skin and IgE response was found, and the
      occurrence of local side effects did not seem to be determined by IgG antibodies.
      We conclude that clustered immunotherapy with Yellow Jacket venom is highly
      effective and that the frequency of side effects is acceptable.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037259
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium in anesthesiology and operative intensive care medicine.
      Physiology, pathophysiology and clinical aspects of alkalosis and mixed
      disorders].
AB  - This review details basic and clinical aspects of metabolic and respiratory
      alkalosis and mixed acid-base disturbances. New experimental results show that
      NH4Cl and arginine-HCl should no longer be used in antialkalotic therapy because
      they increase intracellular pH and have no effect on intracellular bicarbonate
      concentration. Appropriate HCl solutions should be employed in severe metabolic
      alkalosis because they reduce pH and the bicarbonate concentrations in both body
      compartments.

PMID- 4037260
TI  - [Anesthesia in craniofacial interventions in childhood].
AB  - Nine children with severe craniofacial malformations underwent eleven major
      reconstructive craniofacial osteotomies; in two children, cranio-orbito-facial
      reconstructions were performed. Anaesthesia lasted from seven to eleven hours.
      The anaesthetic technique consisted of inhalation anaesthetics and
      supplementation with narcotics. Intraoperative problems were seen mainly
      regarding the protection of airways, the body temperature, and the extensive
      blood loss. At the end of anaesthesia all children were awake, three were
      extubated in the operating room. In children with mid-face advancement the
      nasotracheal tube was left in place for at least 48 hours.

PMID- 4037261
TI  - [Comparative studies on dose adjustment of intraoperative lidocaine therapy in
      heart failure patients].
AB  - From 10 patients with myocardial insufficiency arterial blood samples were taken,
      in order to study lidocaine plasma concentrations following reduced iv. bolus
      administration (0.5 mg/kg body weight) and subsequent infusion (2 mg/min). Drug
      concentrations were monitored by means of gas chromatography. The results
      obtained from the reduced loading dose of lidocaine were nearly identical to
      those from patients without myocardial insufficiency and an iv. bolus injection
      of 1 mg lidocaine/kg body weight. The reduced hepatic metabolism of lidocaine
      caused by manifest myocardial insufficiency requires a significantly reduced
      loading dose not exceeding the therapeutic range, even in intraoperative short
      term use.

PMID- 4037262
TI  - [Relaxograph--an improved technic for measuring relaxation].
AB  - The Relaxograph offers a facile measurement technique for relaxation.
      Electromyographic registration allows this technique to be used even in extreme
      positioning of the patient. Placement of the electrodes, calibration and
      measurement can be learned and applied in a very short time. Simple operation
      enables immediate and undisturbed working with this measurement system which is
      ideally suited for clinical routine. The problems encountered with the
      predecessors of this series in respect of calibration and measurement on the
      previously relaxed patient, have been largely done away with by this new concept.

PMID- 4037263
TI  - [Our experience with biocompatible ossicle prostheses].

PMID- 4037264
TI  - [Brainstem potentials in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 4037266
TI  - Science and anaesthesia.

PMID- 4037265
TI  - [External malignant otitis].

PMID- 4037267
TI  - Epidural diamorphine and the metabolic response to upper abdominal surgery.
AB  - The effect of the administration of diamorphine 10 mg epidurally on the metabolic
      response to cholecystectomy was investigated and compared with a control group of
      patients given intravenous papaveretum. There were no significant differences in
      blood glucose, lactate and pyruvate, and plasma nonesterified fatty acid values
      between the epidural diamorphine group and the control group. Plasma cortisol
      concentrations were significantly lower in the epidural diamorphine group
      postoperatively and this was associated with a marked improvement in pain relief.
      We conclude that epidural opiates do not directly influence the metabolic
      response to surgery, but decrease the cortisol response postoperatively secondary
      to improved analgesia.

PMID- 4037268
TI  - Epidural meptazinol for pain relief after lower abdominal surgery.
AB  - A preliminary investigation is reported into the use of epidural meptazinol for
      pain relief in 20 patients after major lower abdominal (gynaecological) surgery.
      Analgesia was rapid in onset (15 minutes), had a median duration of 124 minutes
      (interquartile range 85-212 minutes) after a single dose of 30 mg and a median
      duration of 122.5 minutes (interquartile range 70-127 minutes) after a single
      dose of 60 mg. Overall pain relief, as judged by the patients themselves, was
      satisfactory in 19 out of the 20 cases. At 30 minutes and 45 minutes pain relief
      was significantly better with the 60 mg than the 30 mg dose (p less than 0.02).
      No drug-related adverse effects were observed during the study.

PMID- 4037269
TI  - Failed intubation. Six years' experience in a teaching maternity unit.
AB  - Between 1978 and 1983, the tracheas of eight patients could not be intubated in
      the maternity unit of St James' University Hospital, Leeds. The incidence of
      failed intubation on our labour ward is approximately one for every 300 general
      anaesthetics given. The results of postoperative investigation in the patients
      are reported.

PMID- 4037270
TI  - Extracranial surgery--intracerebral tumour.
AB  - A case is described in which localising neurological signs developed on the first
      day following general anaesthesia for insertion of a silastic implant over a
      frontal fracture. Despite prompt appropriate investigation seven weeks elapsed
      before the correct diagnosis was made. Aspects of the management of patients who
      develop a neurological deficit soon after general anaesthesia are discussed.

PMID- 4037271
TI  - Anaesthesia in dysautonomia: further complications.
AB  - A case is described of a patient, known to be suffering from idiopathic autonomic
      neuropathy, who underwent general anaesthesia for repair of a fractured neck of
      femur. In addition to profound hypotension, unexpected respiratory depression
      occurred which has not previously been described in this condition. Other unusual
      features of this patient's condition are also discussed.

PMID- 4037272
TI  - Severe hypertension during anaesthesia for dacryocystorhinostomy.
AB  - A healthy 82-year-old woman presented for dacryocystorhinostomy under general
      anaesthesia. Following the application of intranasal cocaine and subcutaneous
      injection of felypressin she developed severe hypertension, multiple ventricular
      ectopic beats and depression of the ST segment on the electrocardiogram. A drug
      interaction is suspected.

PMID- 4037273
TI  - The Penlon Bromsgrove high frequency jet ventilator for adult and paediatric use.
      A solution to the problem of humidification.
AB  - The Penlon Bromsgrove is a new high frequency jet ventilator, suitable for use in
      both adults and children. The jet stream is humidified by means of an integral in
      line Bernoulli nebuliser. The self-recharging nebuliser can also convey drugs
      directly to the airways in the form of an aerosol. Alarms and fail-safe systems
      are incorporated. A pressure gauge continuously displays the jet drive pressure.
      There are two digital LED displays; one shows jet frequency in breaths per
      minute; the other, the jet drive pressure, minimum, maximum and mean patient
      airway pressures. Two fail-safe systems ensure that these pressures do not become
      excessive. Both audible and visual alarms are provided. The prototype has proved
      to be quiet and completely reliable over more than 4000 hours use, with no
      bronchoscopic or histological evidence of ineffective humidification.

PMID- 4037274
TI  - Adverse anaesthetic reactions. An update from a proposed national reporting and
      advisory service.

PMID- 4037275
TI  - 'Allergic' drug reactions during anaesthesia.

PMID- 4037276
TI  - Pseudohypertension.

PMID- 4037277
TI  - Diazepam premedication in children.

PMID- 4037278
TI  - Assessment of the Dinamap 845.

PMID- 4037279
TI  - Naloxone in cardiorespiratory arrest.

PMID- 4037280
TI  - Oxygen therapy and minitracheostomy.

PMID- 4037281
TI  - Anaesthesia for the correction of scoliosis.

PMID- 4037282
TI  - Intra-articular bupivacaine for pain relief in arthroscopic surgery.

PMID- 4037283
TI  - Tissue expanders complicating intubation.

PMID- 4037284
TI  - [Comparative study of analgesia and plasma level following rectal, intramuscular
      and intravenous administration of ketamine].
AB  - Ketamine 25 mg/kg was administered to five foxhounds by the intravenous,
      intramuscular or rectal route. Plasma concentrations were measured by gas
      chromatography and analgesia was tested by two techniques. Intravenous
      application gave reliable analgesia and well reproducible plasma levels in all
      subjects. Distribution and elimination half lives were found to be 6 min and 55
      min, respectively. Intramuscular injection resulted in peak-plasma levels around
      the twentieth minute, elimination half life was fifty-two minutes,
      bioavailability 90%. Analgesia proved satisfactory in four out of the five
      subjects and lasted longer than after intravenous injection. The rectal route
      produced a wide range of peak-plasma levels, the average peak appearing after 40
      min. We found an elimination halflife of 43 min and a bioavailability of 30%.
      Analgesia was poor in four out of the five subjects. The low plasma levels
      following rectal application are due to the poor bioavailability and this appears
      to be the reason for the unsatisfactory results with this route of
      administration. Bioavailability depends on the site of application (drainage
      mainly through the vena cava or portal vein) and the pH of the rectum.

PMID- 4037285
TI  - [The effect of rewarming of stored blood on plasma value and erythrocytes].
AB  - 30 units of stored blood of different age were rewarmed from 4 degrees C to 32
      degrees C by microwave blood-warmer Infusotherm 407. The resulting damage to
      blood components and change of function of erythrocytes were compared with those
      caused by storage of CPD-blood. Dependent on the age of stored blood we found
      considerable increases in the plasma-levels of potassium, lactate, and free
      haemoglobin. Compared with cold CPD-blood rewarming of stored blood produced a 7%
      increase in lactate and a 8% increase in free haemoglobin. There were no changes
      in platelet and erythrocyte counts, haematocrit, plasma-levels of haemoglobin,
      electrolytes, cholesterol, blood viscosity, osmotic resistance, and oxygen
      binding capacity. As damage of stored blood produced by warming is minimal
      compared with that produced by storage, the Infusotherm 407 is considered to be a
      clinically useful blood-warmer.

PMID- 4037286
TI  - [How safe is the rectal induction of narcosis with methohexital in pediatric
      anesthesia?].
AB  - A 6 year old boy developed a rebound of anaesthesia with abolition of reflexes
      and spontaneous respiration 100 min after anorectal induction with methohexitone
      and 20 min after extubation. The role of reliable observation during
      postoperative period in this type of anaesthesia is emphasized.

PMID- 4037287
TI  - [Remarks on the work of F. Incze et al. Modified methods for carrying out non
      intubation anesthesia for laryngomicroscopic interventions].

PMID- 4037288
TI  - [Experiences with Swan-Ganz-catheter placement in the external jugular vein].
AB  - Clinical experience concerning the placement of Swan-Ganz catheters (SGC) via the
      external jugular vein is presented. After puncture of either the right or left
      external jugular vein, placement of SGC was possible in 90 per cent of patients.
      Compared to techniques involving puncture of the internal jugular vein this
      method has less complications. The placement of 167 SGC could be done without any
      problems, thus proving that the external jugular vein is a safe way of insertion.
      The external jugular vein as a primary route can be recommended if the vein is
      visible, especially in cases where puncture of the internal jugular vein may be
      difficult and could only be performed with an increased risk of complications.

PMID- 4037289
TI  - [A simple method for monitoring spontaneous respiration].
AB  - For respiratory monitoring of spontaneously breathing patients in the operation
      theatre, recovery room and intensive care ward a gauze attached on the nose may
      be used successfully. This continuous optical and practically cost-free aid has
      proved to be valuable in such cases when electronic monitoring is not available.

PMID- 4037290
TI  - [Endotest--a simple method for the monitoring of internal pressure of the tube
      cuff].
AB  - The Endotest is a simple device for monitoring the cuff pressure of an
      endotracheal tube. No complications could be observed during a 6 month period of
      usage in the daily routine. We found the handling very good and cuff pressure
      monitoring very useful.

PMID- 4037291
TI  - Application of the dual-cell coulometric detector: a method for assaying
      monoamines and their metabolites.
AB  - A new HPLC assay technique for monoamines and their metabolites, using a
      controlled potential coulometric detector equipped with a dual working electrode
      cell of fully porous graphite through which the samples flow, is described in
      comparison with a classical amperometric detector equipped with a glassy carbon
      electrode. Different potentials can be applied at each cell of the coulometric
      detector to improve sample resolution and detection sensitivity. The signal-to
      noise ratio (s/n) calculated in similar conditions was 10 times lower for the
      coulometric detector than for the amperometric one. The dual-coulometric detector
      does not undergo daily decay or variation, and needs no particular care or
      preparation. It is therefore possible to achieve stable routine sensitivity in a
      range of 10 fmol. This new technique has been applied for assaying monoamines and
      their precursors and metabolites by direct injection of clear supernatant after
      centrifugation and for determination of catecholamine turnover in rat pineal
      gland and neuro- and adenohypophysis in samples purified by Al2O3 adsorption.

PMID- 4037292
TI  - Subcellular fractionation of wheat leaf protoplasts by centrifugal elutriation.
AB  - A new method using centrifugal elutriation for subcellular fractionation of plant
      cells has been developed. This method takes advantage of the fact that particles
      sedimenting in a gravitational field can be eluted by flow against the field. A
      wheat protoplast homogenate was fed into an elutriation rotor spinning at high
      speed and the flow rate into the rotor was gradually increased. The smaller and
      less dense materials such as mitochondria, microbodies, endoplasmic reticulum,
      and cytoplasm were elutriated earlier than the larger and denser nuclei and
      chloroplasts. The intact chloroplasts, free of mitochondria, microbodies,
      endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoplasm, could be obtained within 40 min following
      the rupture of protoplasts. The chlorophyll-free mitochondria could be obtained
      within 80 min.

PMID- 4037293
TI  - The recovery of nitrocellulose-bound protein.
AB  - Conditions for the electroelution of protein from polyacrylamide gels to
      nitrocellulose and its subsequent recovery have been examined. A procedure is
      described whereby soluble material suitable for further analysis can be obtained.
      Nitrocellulose-bound protein is dissolved in acetone. It can be precipitated from
      solution in the presence of a carrier such as Polybrene in a form that can
      subsequently be solubilized in good yield.

PMID- 4037294
TI  - The identification of neotrypsinogens in samples of bovine trypsinogen.
AB  - Isoelectric focusing of commercial samples of bovine trypsinogen detected a
      component with a lower isoelectric pH than that of trypsinogen. The isoelectric
      pH was 8.75 compared to 9.3 for trypsinogen, and the amount of the component
      varied from 16 to 41% of the total protein. The protein (24,000 Da) was converted
      to fragments of 13,800 and 10,500 Da on reduction with dithioerythritol, showing
      that the component was a modified form of trypsinogen containing a cleaved
      peptide bond. The cleavage site was established from the study of four
      polypeptide fragments which were isolated from the fully reduced and S
      carboxymethylated trypsinogen. The molecular weights, amino acid compositions,
      and amino-terminal sequences of these fragments identified a cleavage of Lys 131
      Ser 132, namely from a Ser-neotrypsinogen, or at Arg 105-Val 106, from a Val
      neotrypsinogen. Val-neotrypsinogen was the more abundant of the two and was
      approximately 71% of the total neotrypsinogen in the trypsinogen sample. Both
      neotrypsinogens were converted to active trypsin molecules in high yields,
      showing that the zymogens closely resembled the conformation of intact
      trypsinogen. Presumably, the neotrypsinogens were produced during the isolation
      of the zymogen when pancreatic tissue was partly autolyzed and active trypsin was
      present.

PMID- 4037295
TI  - Matrix modifiers in graphite furnace atomic absorption analysis of trace lithium
      in biological fluids.
AB  - The use of KH2PO4/NH4NO3 as matrix modifier eliminates severe interference
      effects on the atomic absorption analysis of lithium in biological fluids. This
      enables determination of trace lithium in microliter size samples with absolute
      sensitivity (0.0044 absorbance) of 2 pg. There is no requirement for standard
      additions experiments to correct for interferences in specific matrices such as
      serum and saliva. The biological half-life of trace lithium was 16.9 +/- 2.8 h.
      Saliva lithium is a good estimate of serum level; the two are highly correlated
      (r = 0.97) and saliva level is about three times serum.

PMID- 4037297
TI  - Flow-through pH-stat method for lipase activity.
AB  - A new method for lipase activity which combines the simplicity and rapidity of
      continuous pH-stat methods with the flexibility in choice of conditions (pH,
      temperature, etc.) of manual methods is described. The lipase-catalyzed
      hydrolysis of olive oil and titration of fatty acid products can be carried out
      separately in two small continuously stirred reactors in series. The response is
      linear with enzyme dilution.

PMID- 4037296
TI  - Computer analysis of double-labeled two-dimensional electrophoresis gels.
AB  - A computerized process for the automatic analysis of double-label autoradiography
      after two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been developed.
      Matching fluorographs and autoradiographs produced from gels containing 3H- and
      14C-labeled proteins are digitized by a rotating drum densitometer and analyzed
      by the Man-computer Interactive Data Analysis System III. This system locates
      corresponding protein spots in the films with edge-detection algorithms, converts
      spot density readings to isotopic disintegrations by reference to standard
      curves, and computes a 3H:14C ratio for each spot in the gels. On the average,
      calculated ratios are accurate to approximately 9% for test strips of
      polyacrylamide gel containing uniform mixtures of 3H and 14C. Values obtained for
      two-dimensional gels containing n protein spots with a known 3H:14C ratio of 8.6
      +/- 0.1 are as follows: 8.1 +/- 1.4 (n = 268), 8.8 +/- 2.1 (n = 278), 9.1 +/- 1.7
      (n = 245), and 8.8 +/- 2.2 (n = 223). The computer process greatly reduces the
      time required to precisely compare two complex protein mixtures and has
      sufficient precision to detect a doubling in the biosynthesis of any individual
      protein.

PMID- 4037298
TI  - Quantitative identification of N-terminal amino acids in proteins by radiolabeled
      reductive methylation and amino acid analysis: application to human erythrocyte
      acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - A novel method of determining N-terminal amino acids in proteins is introduced.
      Reductive methylation of a protein with radiolabeled formaldehyde methylates both
      the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal amino acid and the epsilon-amino groups
      of Lys residues. The radiomethylated amino acids are stable to acid hydrolysis,
      and each of 16 possible hydrolysis-stable N-terminal amino acids can be
      identified by the unique elution positions of its N alpha-methyl and N alpha,N
      alpha-dimethyl derivatives with an appropriate amino acid analyzer elution
      schedule. The technique is at least as sensitive as other N-terminal amino acid
      determinations and, in addition, permits a quantitative evaluation of the number
      of N-terminal groups in a sample. Reductive methylation of bovine serum albumin
      revealed N-terminal Asp at a stoichiometry of 0.97 amino acid residue per
      polypeptide, while methylation of prolactin resulted in 0.86 residue of N
      terminal Thr per polypeptide. Human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase contained
      two N-terminal amino acids with stoichiometries of 0.66 Glu and 0.34 Arg per 70
      kDa subunit. Identification of Glu as the principal N-terminus of
      acetylcholinesterase was confirmed by Edman sequencing.

PMID- 4037299
TI  - Procedure for isolation of gangliosides in high yield and purity: simultaneous
      isolation of neutral glycosphingolipids.
AB  - While several methods for ganglioside extraction and isolation have been
      described, relatively little attention has been given to the effectiveness of
      separation from peptides, phospholipids, and various low-molecular-weight
      contaminants. A procedure is described for isolation of gangliosides in high
      purity and good yield from 1- to 400-mg samples (wet wt). A key step was mild
      acidification following homogenization, designed to dissociate gangliosides from
      lipophilic peptides which coextracted into organic solvents. This has proved
      particularly helpful for myelin and myelin-containing tissues (e.g., white
      matter, nerve) whose proteins have presented special problems in ganglioside
      isolation. In this study isolation was effected by consecutive chromatographies
      on Sephadex LH-20, DEAE-Sephadex, and silica gel following the initial
      acidification. The method applied to bovine white matter gave tissue
      concentrations (calculated from yields and radiolabeled tracer recoveries) that
      were similar to those obtained with three previously described procedures;
      however, peptide contaminants were an order of magnitude lower. Removal of low
      molecular-weight contaminants, including nucleotide sugars, was virtually
      complete. In addition to ganglioside isolation the method can be used to obtain
      neutral glycosphingolipids as well. It is believed to have broad applicability to
      a diversity of tissues.

PMID- 4037300
TI  - Enzymatic lactate-specific radioactivity determination in biological samples.
AB  - A method for the measurement of specific lactate radioactivity in biological
      samples is presented. It is based on the following steps: (a) enzymatic
      conversion of lactate to pyruvate, (b) pyruvate conversion to 2,4
      dinitrophenylhydrazone, (c) concentration-separation of the latter in reusable
      Amberlite XAD-7 polymeric adsorbent columns, and finally (d) estimation of the
      radioactivity thus retained compared with that of enzymatically untreated
      aliquots of the same samples. Specificity was ensured by the use of lactate
      dehydrogenase as specific recognizing agent for lactic acid. No interference from
      glucose, lactate, or amino acids was observed. The method presented is simple and
      can be applied in routine multiple estimations of lactic acid radioactivity in
      conjunction with the enzymatic measurement of lactate in biological samples in
      tracer metabolic studies.

PMID- 4037301
TI  - Colorimetric micromethod for the determination of protein in solutions with
      silver ions and dithizone.
AB  - A method of determination of protein based on the measurement of complexed Ag+
      and AgCl absorbed on the macromolecules is described. This reaction is carried
      out in the presence of chloride ions and detergents (Triton X-100 or SDS) in
      alkaline solution. The silver ions are detected with dithizone. With this method
      it is possible to estimate 0.1 microgram bovine serum albumin in 0.5 ml sample
      with a coefficient of variation of 16%, and 1.5 micrograms/sample with a
      coefficient of variation of 3.6%. The method is simple, rapid, inexpensive, and
      very sensitive.

PMID- 4037302
TI  - Preparative isolation of peroxisomes from liver and kidney using metrizamide
      density gradient centrifugation in a vertical rotor.
AB  - A method for the preparative isolation of peroxisomes from the livers of rat,
      guinea pig, and mouse, and also from rat kidney is described. The light
      mitochondrial fraction, i.e., particles sedimenting between 33,000 and 250,000g
      min, or the postnuclear supernatant of liver or kidney, is subjected to a 20-50%
      Metrizamide density gradient ultracentrifugation in a vertical rotor. After
      centrifugation, the peroxisomes (marker enzyme catalase and dihydroxyacetone
      phosphate acyltransferase) sedimented as a band near the bottom of the tube (rho
      = 1.22 g/ml). From the distribution of different marker enzymes and also from the
      morphometric examinations, it was demonstrated that the isolated peroxisomes are
      not contaminated with lysosomes, mitochondria, or microsomes.

PMID- 4037303
TI  - A method for isolation of cytoplasmic RNA from a slime mold, Physarum
      polycephalum.
AB  - A procedure for fast and simple preparation of cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid from
      Physarum polycephalum microplasmodia is described. Microplasmodia are homogenized
      in a high-magnesium-high-ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N'
      tetraacetic acid buffer and nuclei are pelleted. The supernatant is extracted
      with sodium dodecyl sulfate-phenol-chloroform and crude RNA is precipitated. This
      is further purified by selective ethanol precipitation from 6 M guanidinum
      hydrochloride. This RNA preparation is suitable for direct use in hybridization
      studies.

PMID- 4037305
TI  - Generating sucrose gradients in three minutes by tilted tube rotation.
AB  - A technique which permits rapid preparation of sucrose gradients with highly
      reproducible profiles is described. Tubes are filled with equal volumes of light
      and heavy sucrose solutions, sealed, and rotated for 3 min tilted 80 degrees from
      vertical. Linear 5-20% and 5-30% gradients and nonlinear but useful 5-45%
      gradients are obtained.

PMID- 4037304
TI  - Copper chelates as probes of biological systems: stable copper complexes with a
      macrocyclic bifunctional chelating agent.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies tagged with chelated metal ions have numerous potential
      applications. Here we report the synthesis of a new "bifunctional" metal
      chelator, 6(p-bromoacetamidobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-
      N,N',N",N"' -tetraacetic acid, which can be covalently attached to proteins and
      which binds copper stably in human serum under physiological conditions. In
      contrast, other reagents based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid rapidly lose copper to serum albumin under the
      same conditions.

PMID- 4037306
TI  - The use of guanidinium chloride in the preparation of stable cellular homogenates
      containing ATP.
AB  - Rat eye lenses were prepared for ATP determination by homogenization in 8 M
      guanidinium chloride-0.01 M EDTA. Standards of ATP were made up in the same
      solution. ATP appears to be quite stable in this solution in both standards and
      lens homogenates whether storage is at room temperature, 4 degrees C, or -20
      degrees C for up to several weeks. ATP was measured using a luciferin-luciferase
      preparation in Hepes buffer, pH 7.75. The photons of light produced were detected
      by a bioluminescence counter.

PMID- 4037307
TI  - A microtiter plate assay for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase using a fluorogenic
      substrate.
AB  - We describe a simple endpoint method for the determination of N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase (NAGase; EC 3.2.1.30). NAGase uses a fluorogenic substrate, 4
      methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide, at pH 4.6, liberating the
      fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone. The method is reproducible and fast both at
      room temperature and at 37 degrees C. The procedure developed can be used, e.g.,
      in the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis, where elevated NAGase activities
      are found in raw milk samples. The assay procedure has a high capacity and high
      sensitivity and several hundred milk samples can be screened per hour using 96
      well microtiter plates and an automated fluorescence reader. In addition to its
      use in mastitis diagnosis, the assay can be used in the diagnosis of some
      diseases of human origin.

PMID- 4037308
TI  - In situ immunological determination of basic carbohydrate structures of
      gangliosides on thin-layer plates.
AB  - An immunological method for the determination of the basic carbohydrate structure
      of gangliosides by using a thin-layer chromatographic immunostaining technique
      was developed. After high-performance thin-layer chromatography of gangliosides,
      the chromatogram is treated with a 0.4% polyisobutylmethacrylate solution.
      Arthrobacter ureafaciens neuraminidase is then applied to the separated
      gangliosides in situ on the chromatographic plate. This procedure will remove
      both external and internal sialic acid residues from the core oligosaccharide
      backbone. The resulting glycolipid products are then incubated with anti-Gg4
      serum and 125I-staphylococcal protein A, successively, and exposed to an X-ray
      film. Through a highly specific binding, the anti-Gg4 antibody detects only those
      gangliosides having the oligosaccharide backbone of Gg4.

PMID- 4037309
TI  - Assay of human fibrinopeptides by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Fibrinopeptides A, AP, and B, desarginine fibrinopeptide B, and a previously
      unknown peptide corresponding to B beta 3-14 were resolved within 10 min by an
      HPLC technique using an isocratic solvent system (22% acetonitrile in 0.1%
      trifluoroacetic acid) and a 0.46 X 10-cm Spherisorb ODS-2 (3-micron)
      octadecylsilane column. Fibrinopeptides A and AY eluted in the same peptide peak.
      The method was used to evaluate a carboxypeptidase which converts fibrinopeptide
      B into its desarginine form. Fifty percent inhibition of this activity occurred
      at 1.7 mM epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA). At saturating substrate
      concentrations the rates of total fibrinopeptides A and B release were unaffected
      by 125 mM EACA, a concentration at which the carboxypeptidase activity is
      completely inhibited.

PMID- 4037310
TI  - Analysis of erythrocyte protein methyl esters by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis under acidic separating conditions.
AB  - A two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system which is suitable for
      the analysis of protein methylation reactions in cells incubated with L-[methyl
      3H]methionine is described. The procedure separates proteins under primarily
      acidic conditions by isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis at pH 2.4 in the second dimension. The low pH is
      essential for preserving protein [3H]methyl esters, but it limits the effective
      separating range of this system to proteins with isoelectric points between 4 and
      8. With this system, we have shown that most, if not all, erythrocyte membrane
      and cytosolic proteins can act as substoichiometric methyl acceptors for an
      intracellular S-adenosylmethionine-dependent carboxyl methyltransferase and that
      protein carboxyl methylation reactions may be the major methyl transfer reaction
      in erythrocytes. These results are most consistent with the generation of protein
      substrate sites for the carboxyl methyltransferase by spontaneous deamidation and
      racemization reactions.

PMID- 4037311
TI  - Preparative elution of proteins from nitrocellulose membranes after separation by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Various conditions were analyzed and optimized for the preparative elution of
      proteins from nitrocellulose membranes after transfer from sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels. The efficiency of elution was best using pyridine or
      acetonitrile elution solvents, intermediate for buffer containing a mixture of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, and sodium deoxycholate, and negligible for
      buffers containing any single detergent or chaotropic salt, such as urea or
      guanidine hydrochloride. The efficiency of elution with any solvent also depended
      on the molecular weight of the proteins, smaller proteins being more easily
      removed from membranes. As a general procedure, proteins may be eluted from
      nitrocellulose membranes by incubation with either 40% acetonitrile or 50%
      pyridine in 0.1 M ammonium acetate, pH 8.9, for 1-3 h at 5-37 degrees C. The
      recommended procedures for protein elution appear to offer a rapid, simple, and
      efficient means of recovering proteins from complex mixtures after separation by
      SDS-PAGE and transfer to nitrocellulose membranes.

PMID- 4037313
TI  - 1985-1986 LabGuide.

PMID- 4037312
TI  - Isolation of protein S6 from rat liver ribosomes by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A rapid procedure for the isolation of ribosomal protein S6 from rat liver
      ribosomes has been developed in which proteins were separated by reversed-phase
      HPLC using wide-pore n-butyl-, n-octyl-, or diphenyl-bonded silica phases. Rapid
      processing of whole ribosomal material was achieved by the extraction of proteins
      in 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride and subsequent precipitation of RNA by
      acidification. Highly purified S6 was obtained in two chromatographic steps as
      shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, and
      automated microsequencing. The purification of S6 was monitored using 32P-labeled
      S6 as a marker which cochromatographed with unphosphorylated S6 under the low-pH
      elution conditions employed. Other ribosomal proteins were also purified using
      these reversed-phase supports, although in the case of more hydrophobic proteins
      such as S4 and S10 further optimization of the gradient conditions was required.

PMID- 4037314
TI  - Fast atom bombardment and laser desorption mass spectrometry for determination of
      alkyltriphenylphosphonium salts.

PMID- 4037315
TI  - Tandem mass spectrometry with fast atom bombardment ionization of cobalamins.

PMID- 4037316
TI  - Investigations of a new sample compartment assembly for low-temperature and room
      temperature solid substrate phosphorimetry.

PMID- 4037317
TI  - Effects of acid type and concentration on the determination of 34 elements by
      simultaneous inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

PMID- 4037318
TI  - Gas chromatography/multiphoton ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4037319
TI  - Solid sorbent for sampling of sulfur dioxide in occupational hygiene.

PMID- 4037320
TI  - Analysis of triglycerides in oils and fats by liquid chromatography with the
      laser light scattering detector.

PMID- 4037321
TI  - Multielement determination in biological materials by differential pulse
      voltammetry.

PMID- 4037322
TI  - Evaluation of robot automated drug dissolution measurements.

PMID- 4037323
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of mercury in zinc blende and pharmaceutical
      preparations with 1-salicylidene-5-(2-pyridylmethylidene)isothiocarbonohy
      drazide.

PMID- 4037324
TI  - Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectrometry separations of biomolecules with 1-1 hard pulse solvent suppression.

PMID- 4037325
TI  - Determination of iodine-131 at low concentrations in formaldehyde-preserved milk.

PMID- 4037326
TI  - Vacuum-tight thin-layer spectroelectrochemical cell with a doublet platinum gauze
      working electrode.

PMID- 4037327
TI  - In vitro measurement of dopamine concentration with carbon fiber electrode.

PMID- 4037328
TI  - Thin-layer electrochemical detector with a glassy carbon electrode coated with a
      base-hydrolyzed cellulosic film.

PMID- 4037329
TI  - Direct serum injection with micellar liquid chromatography for therapeutic drug
      monitoring.

PMID- 4037330
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of penicillins by postcolumn alkaline
      degradation.

PMID- 4037331
TI  - Hierarchical tree based storage, retrieval, and interpretation of infrared
      spectra.

PMID- 4037332
TI  - Californium-252 plasma-desorption mass spectrometry of polymethylenediamine
      linked enkephalin peptides.

PMID- 4037333
TI  - Electron spectroscopic (ESCA) studies of platinum surfaces used for enzyme
      electrodes.

PMID- 4037334
TI  - Identification of polyaromatic hydrocarbon mixtures by low-temperature constant
      energy synchronous fluorescence spectrometry.

PMID- 4037336
TI  - Influence of laboratory environment on the precision and accuracy of trace
      element analysis.

PMID- 4037335
TI  - Least squares singular value decomposition for the resolution of pK's and spectra
      from organic acid/base mixtures.

PMID- 4037337
TI  - Photoelectroanalytical chemistry: electrochemical detection of a photochemically
      active species, tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II).

PMID- 4037338
TI  - Dehalogenation reactions in californium-252 plasma desorption mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4037339
TI  - Improved on-line stripping voltammetry using a large volume wall-jet detector.

PMID- 4037340
TI  - Fast in vivo monitoring of dopamine release in the rat brain with differential
      pulse amperometry.

PMID- 4037341
TI  - Chemical tests for intoxication: what do the numbers really mean?

PMID- 4037342
TI  - Sensitive detection of biacetyl in liquid chromatography using time-resolved
      sensitized phosphorescence.

PMID- 4037343
TI  - Particle counting by laser light scatter for capillary hydrodynamic
      chromatography.

PMID- 4037344
TI  - pH-based enzyme potentiometric sensors. Part 1. Theory.

PMID- 4037345
TI  - pH-based enzyme potentiometric sensors. Part 2. Glucose-sensitive field effect
      transistor.

PMID- 4037346
TI  - pH-based enzyme potentiometric sensors. Part 3. Penicillin-sensitive field effect
      transistor.

PMID- 4037347
TI  - Isolation and characterization of cysteine-containing regions of proteins using 4
      (aminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole and high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 4037348
TI  - Determination of trimethylselenonium ion in urine by ion-exchange chromatography
      and molecular neutron activation analysis.

PMID- 4037349
TI  - Applications of a slotted quartz tube and flame atomic-absorption spectrometry to
      the analysis of biological samples.

PMID- 4037350
TI  - Optimisation of the analytical conditions for the determination of aluminium in
      human blood plasma or serum by graphite furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry.
      Part I. Examination of the various analytical conditions.

PMID- 4037351
TI  - Determination of lithium, rubidium and strontium in foodstuffs.

PMID- 4037352
TI  - Camera luminometer for use with luminescent assays.

PMID- 4037353
TI  - Fluorescence and chemiluminescence determination of steroid and bile acid
      sulphates with lucigenin by flow injection analysis based on ion-pair solvent
      extraction.

PMID- 4037354
TI  - Determination of albumin with bromocresol purple using controlled-dispersion flow
      analysis.

PMID- 4037355
TI  - Evaluation of methods for the determination of total molybdenum and vanadium in
      foodstuffs using spectrophotometric measurements.

PMID- 4037356
TI  - Determination of chlorine dioxide in potable waters using chlorophenol red.

PMID- 4037357
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of zinc with biacetyl mono(2-pyridyl)hydrazone
      with application to its determination in tap waters and in alkali and alkaline
      earth metal chemicals.

PMID- 4037358
TI  - Titrimetric determination of dipyrone and paracetamol with potassium
      hexacyanoferrate(III) in an acidic medium.

PMID- 4037359
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of salicylic acid in pharmaceutical formulations
      using copper(II) acetate as a colour developer.

PMID- 4037360
TI  - Determination of a range of organophosphorus pesticide residues in grain.
      Committee for Analytical Methods for Residues of Pesticides and Veterinary
      Products in Foodstuffs and the Working Party on Pesticide Residues of the
      Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.

PMID- 4037361
TI  - Determination of cephalosporins utilising thin-layer chromatography with
      fluorescamine detection.

PMID- 4037362
TI  - Determination of griseofulvin, carvone and menthone through intermediate oxime
      formation.

PMID- 4037363
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid and thiamine hydrochloride in
      pharmaceutical products using derivative spectrophotometry.

PMID- 4037364
TI  - Determination of cardiac glycosides by adsorptive stripping voltammetry.

PMID- 4037365
TI  - Quantification of results for estimating elemental dietary intakes of lithium,
      rubidium, strontium, molybdenum, vanadium and silver.

PMID- 4037366
TI  - Fluorimetric determination of baclofen [gamma-amino-beta-(p-chlorophenyl)butyric
      acid].

PMID- 4037367
TI  - From sensory periphery to cortex: the architecture of the barrelfield as modified
      by various early manipulations of the mouse whiskerpad.
AB  - The barrelfield is the cortical "map" of the ensemble of vibrissal follicles on
      the mouse whiskerpad. Earlier, we had shown that the skin of the embryonic
      whiskerpad, when put in culture before having received its innervation, is
      capable of producing vibrissal follicles arranged in a pattern similar to that
      formed in vivo; we had also demonstrated that the destruction of vibrissal
      follicles, and of the terminals that innervate them, leads to important
      modifications in the architecture of the barrelfield. Here we report on the
      architecture of barrelfields made to differ from normal as a consequence of
      radical modifications produced in the corresponding whiskerpad during gestation
      and at birth: transplantation of additional whiskerpads; rotations (of 90 degrees
      and 180 degrees) of one whiskerpad; removal and reimplantation of one whiskerpad;
      removal of one whiskerpad; and division of the infraorbital nerve. The results of
      these experiments, in which only the morphological correlates of a sensory
      cortical map have been studied, strengthen the hypothesis that the role played by
      the sensory periphery in the establishment of such an entity is, indeed, an
      important one.

PMID- 4037368
TI  - Embryonic development of the mouse mutant pupoid foetus (pf/pf).
AB  - The pupoid foetus mutation in the mouse is a recessive lethal mutation causing
      death of homozygous (pf/pf) embryos immediately after birth. From 11.3 days
      gestation onwards, these embryos are characterised externally by the development
      of a tail twist, followed by apparent stunting of the limbs and tail (when
      compared with the development of these structures in normal embryos), lack of
      digits, distortion of facial features, and possession of a smooth, mottled skin.
      Embryos ranging in age from 11.3 days gestation to full term have been examined
      using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The
      skeletal structure and internal organs of the embryo are normal, but
      abnormalities occur in the external epidermis, the dermis, and the peripheral
      sensory nerves. Development of the palate and the eyes are affected by the
      behaviour of these tissues. The epidermis undergoes hypertrophy and fails to
      differentiate, and, on the basis of morphological criteria and theoretical
      considerations, it is suggested that the pf gene is activated in the epidermis
      during the keratinization pathway, preventing differentiation and altering the
      cell surface characteristics of the cells. Other abnormalities are explained in
      terms of interactions with the epidermis. This mutant is compared with other
      similar mutants.

PMID- 4037369
TI  - The pig mesonephros. III. Distal tubule, collecting tubule, and Wolffian duct:
      SEM- and TEM-studies.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the distal and collecting tubules of mature pig mesonephroi
      (41st gestational day) was studied in perfusion-fixed embryos. In the distal
      tubule, the three subsegments postulated on the basis of enzyme histochemistry
      show only minor differences of their luminal surfaces, mostly of cell size. TEM
      photographs reveal a single cell type with interdigitating basolateral processes,
      frequently flattened to 30-120 nm lamellae devoid of organelles. Larger
      interdigitating processes harbor vertically oriented mitochondria in the form of
      indented plates. The macula densa cells are small, do not interdigitate, and have
      distended intercellular spaces. The collecting tubule starts with a dorsal
      convolution, in which intercalated cells (with apical microfolds and numerous
      mitochondria) occur in addition to interdigitating cells. Further down this
      segment, the interdigitating cells are gradually replaced by principal cells
      characterized by interlocking lateral microvilli, basal infoldings, and
      relatively few organelles. Intercalated cells extend into the Wolffian duct.
      Although the pig mesonephros has the most differentiated nephron of the mammals
      studied so far, with metanephros-like cells, its intrinsic urinary concentrating
      capacity appears to be low in view of its vascularization pattern and nephron
      architecture.

PMID- 4037370
TI  - The ultrastructure of early cephalic neural crest cell migration in the mouse.
AB  - A study of the ultrastructural changes associated with the detachment of the
      presumptive neural crest cells from the neuroepithelium in the midbrain region in
      mouse embryos at 9 and 9 1/2 days of gestation was carried out. The first sign of
      neural crest cell formation occurred in this region before fusion of the
      neuroepithelium had occurred. Neural crest cells arose from both the neural plate
      and the adjoining surface ectoderm. Initially, the cells of the neural plate and
      the surface ectoderm were attached to each other by zonula occludens and zonula
      adherans at their apical surfaces however, these junctions disappeared just prior
      to the beginning of the migration of the crest cells. The first sign of migration
      of the crest cells was the disappearance of the basal lamina in the region of the
      presumptive crest cells. Once the basal lamina was lost, cell junctions were
      formed between the epithelial cells and the underlying mesenchymal cells. Once
      the crest cells had migrated into the underlying mesenchyme, they tended to form
      clumps of closely related, irregularly shaped cells. Phagosomes and accumulations
      of glycogen particles were found within some crest cells when they were still
      within 50 to 100 microns of the epithelium.

PMID- 4037371
TI  - On the ontogenetic development of the rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. I.
      GCR-neurons at postnatal day 7--a Golgi-electron microscopic study.
AB  - The morphology and synaptic input of four geniculo-cortical relay neurons of
      albino rats of postnatal day (PD) 7 has been studied with light and electron
      microscopy, utilizing the combined Golgi-EM technique. Although the nerve cells
      investigated did show a characteristic relay-cell appearance of the adult,
      certain dendritic structures exhibited immature character. These were the
      dendritic swellings, or "growth buds" occurring throughout the whole length of
      the dendrites, but particularly along the segments and at bifurcations of thin
      distal dendritic portions. These dendritic thickenings together with the
      transient spine-like hairy processes were seen to receive many synaptic endings
      of various developmental stages. The majority of synaptic junctions both on the
      dendritic swellings and on dendritic shafts were of the asymmetric type. Contrary
      to our expectation, no proximo-distal gradient could be demonstrated in the
      maturation of axodendritic synapses, at least not during the first synaptogenetic
      period, i.e., at PD 7. Also, all axosomatic synapses in the PD7 rat LGNd were
      asymmetric, indicating that the replacement of asymmetric synapses by symmetric
      ones (characteristic for the adult stage) occurs only after the first
      synaptogenetic period. The rarity of Gray II type, symmetric contacts during the
      early synaptogenesis (i.e., at PD 7) explains the absence of triadic, or serial
      synapses which will develop only later, during the second synaptogenetic period.

PMID- 4037372
TI  - The influence of stress and strain in the early development of shaft bones. An
      experimental study on the chick embryo tibia.
AB  - In chick embryos from stage 23 to stage 27 the whole presumptive zeugopod - or
      its pre-axial (tibial) portion only - was proximodistally and dorsoventrally
      inverted by turning it 180 degrees round the anteroposterior axis of the limb
      bud. Development of the reoriented blastema of the tibia was consistently
      retarded and variously reduced: this skeletal piece appeared shorter and
      relatively thicker than the controlateral normal tibia. Chondrification, progress
      of differentiation of the cartilaginous model, onset and gradual spreading of the
      ossification processes were considerably delayed. Often the diminutive tibia
      underwent a degree of bending or angulation of up to 90 degrees - 100 degrees in
      the sagittal plane. In these bent tibiae - obviously developing under abnormal
      conditions of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical stresses - cell hypertrophy
      appeared greatly retarded or hindered in sites of the diaphysial cartilaginous
      core which were presumably subjected to strong longitudinal compression. No
      rigorous temporal and topographical relationships were observed between
      chondrocyte hypertrophy and onset of perichondral osteogenesis. Apparently, a
      direct contact between hypertrophic cartilage and perichondrial cells was not
      strictly required to prompt osteogenesis; this process, in fact, often involved
      areas of the perichondrium enveloping parvicellular cartilage. Radial pressures
      exerted by the over-stretched outer layer of the perichondrium, or periosteum, on
      the subjacent prospective osteogenous layer reduced or prevented the deposition
      of bone. Conversely, radial stretching of the inner layer of the perichondrium,
      or periosteum, considerably enhanced cell proliferation, blood vessel formation,
      differentiation of osteoblasts and formation of bone matrix.

PMID- 4037373
TI  - The surface anatomy of the human aortic valve as revealed by scanning electron
      microscopy.
AB  - The anatomy of the human aortic valve was studied by SEM in 36 subjects without
      cardiac pathology who had died of various accidental causes. Villous and lamellar
      tissue excrescences were observed at the node of Arantius and at the limit
      between the lunules and the load-bearing portion of the leaflets. The morphology
      of these structures suggests that they represent areas in which valve tissue
      becomes detached into the bloodstream. Fenestrations were present in the lunules
      of 14 specimens, with a higher incidence in specimens from subjects who were
      middle-aged or older. Our observations suggest that fenestrations appear
      initially as small perforations which then coalesce to form larger apertures. Two
      main types of endothelial cells, elongated and polygonal were detected on the
      endothelial surface of the leaflets. Both types of cells display a constant mode
      of arrangement on the different segments of the leaflets (lunules, node of
      Arantius and load-bearing portion of the leaflet). The possible relationships
      between endothelial cell morphology and the pattern of mechanical stress to which
      the leaflets are subjected is discussed.

PMID- 4037374
TI  - Differentiation of extracellular matrix in the cellular cartilage ("Zellknorpel")
      of the mouse pinna.
AB  - Differentiation of cellular cartilage was studied in the mouse pinna with
      particular reference to matrix material. Fixation of glycosaminoglycans was
      performed by the use of acridine orange and elastin was identified by staining
      thin sections with tannic acid and uranyl acetate. Condensation of mesenchymal
      cells ("prechondroblasts") initiates the formation of a blastema of cartilaginous
      tissue at postnatal day 4. The synthesis of acidic glycosaminoglycans begins at
      postnatal day 8 when prechondroblasts transform to chondroblasts.
      Glycosaminoglycans can be detected within secretory vesicles of chondroblasts at
      postnatal day 8, in the extracellular space at postnatal day 13. Delicate
      collagen fibrils and elastic fiber microfibrils are seen between prechondroblasts
      and chondroblasts. Deposition of elastin begins at postnatal day 11. A network of
      elastic fibers and lamellae is formed, which replaces both collagen fibrils and
      elastic fiber microfibrils. In the interstice of mature cellular cartilage only
      elastin and proteoglycans are present (postnatal day 21). These findings indicate
      that cellular cartilage represents an independent kind of supporting tissue,
      which may serve as a progenitor of hyaline or elastic cartilage ("transitional
      cellular cartilage") but does not differentiate from hyalin cartilage.

PMID- 4037375
TI  - The vagina is formed by downgrowth of Wolffian and Mullerian ducts. Graphical
      reconstructions from normal and Tfm mouse embryos.
AB  - We use the Tfm (testicular feminization) mutation of the mouse to reexamine the
      role of Wolffian and Mullerian ducts during formation of the vagina. Three
      dimensional graphical reconstructions of the lower genital tract are prepared
      from serial sections of male, female, and Tfm embryos from day 15 p.c. until 8
      days after birth. The reconstructions show that in female and Tfm animals the
      caudal segments of Wolffian and Mullerian ducts fuse and migrate caudally,
      whereas in the male they do not fuse and remain in their original position.
      Following down-growth, separate Wolffian and Mullerian ducts emerge from the
      fused caudal tips of the ducts. The Wolffian ducts degenerate, while the
      Mullerian ducts fuse with each other and form the vagina. Wolffian and Mullerian
      ducts are connected to the urogenital sinus by the sinus ridges which in later
      stages are separated from the sinus by lateral furrows. The sinus ridges are
      replaced by the Mullerian ducts. We conclude that the vagina develops by down
      growth of Wolffian and Mullerian ducts along the sinus ridges. Wolffian ducts and
      sinus ridges regress so that the definitive vagina is formed by the Mullerian
      ducts. In Tfm embryos the vagina forms as in the female but subsequently
      degenerates, probably due to the action of AMH. The vaginal pocket in the Tfm is
      the variable remainder of the vagina at the end of the degeneration process.

PMID- 4037376
TI  - Nonparenchymal liver cells in a vertebrate without bile ducts.
AB  - The nonparenchymal portion of the liver of parasitic adult lampreys (Petromyzon
      marinus L.) consists of endothelial, Kupffer, fibroblast-like, fat-storing, and
      granulated cells. The fenestrae of endothelial cells are not organized into sieve
      plates but are of highly variable size and distribution. The dimension of some
      fenestrae suggests the possible transport of substances of large molecular size.
      Small numbers of Kupffer cells possess many features of these cells observed in
      other vertebrates but they do not have worm-like bodies and endogenous peroxidase
      activity. They are involved in erythrophagocytosis and perhaps the ingestion of
      other foreign material but they do not store iron. Fat-storing and fibroblast
      like cells share many morphological features and may be different expressions of
      the same cell type. These perisinusoidal cells are rich in organelles suggesting
      protein synthesis but the fibroblast-like cells lack fat droplets. A cell with a
      large Golgi apparatus and associated cytoplasmic granules resembles the pit cell
      described in the liver of a few other vertebrates. The morphology of
      nonparenchymal cells of the liver in parasitic adult lampreys does not reflect
      the absence of bile ducts in this organism.

PMID- 4037378
TI  - Intracranial pressure during diltiazem-induced hypotension in anesthetized dogs.
AB  - The effect of diltiazem-induced hypotension on intracranial pressure (ICP) was
      studied in dogs with normal and elevated ICP. Eight dogs were anesthetized with
      intravenous pentobarbital, intubated, and ventilated with N2O:O2. Mean arterial
      pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure (CVP), and cardiac out
      put (CO) were recorded. A ventriculostomy was performed for measurement of ICP.
      Baselines were established, and diltiazem was infused to reduce MAP 40 +/- 1% for
      10 min. After recording the effects of diltiazem-induced hypotension during
      normal ICP, ICP was elevated by infusion through a ventriculostomy cannula of pH
      adjusted Ringer's lactate, baselines were reestablished, and MAP was again
      reduced by 40 +/- 1% with diltiazem. When baseline ICP was normal, diltiazem
      induced hypotension produced a statistically significant increase in ICP (4.8 +/-
      0.6 mm Hg) and a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). When baseline ICP
      was elevated, a smaller increase in ICP occurred (1.3 +/- 0.5 mm Hg). Although
      these increases in ICP were not clinically significant, the dose of diltiazem
      required to lower MAP 40% caused significant alterations in HR, systemic vascular
      resistance, CO, and PCWP. Serious cardiac rhythm disturbances occurred in five of
      eight dogs when baseline ICP was normal and in six of eight dogs when baseline
      ICP was elevated. The relatively long duration of diltiazem's hemodynamic effect
      and the high incidence of cardiac rhythm disturbances make it an unsuitable drug
      for inducing deliberate hypotension.

PMID- 4037377
TI  - Absence of filipin-sterol complexes from the ciliary necklace of ependymal cells.
AB  - The polyene antibiotic filipin reacts specifically with membrane cholesterol and
      produces membrane perturbations. Prefixed vibratome slices of cat ependymal cells
      were treated with a glutaraldehyde solution containing 300 microM filipin. Freeze
      fracture of these cells revealed numerous 25-30 nm protuberances on fracture
      faces (filipin-sterol complexes) in the ciliary membrane. In the ciliary
      necklace, however, these filipin-sterol complexes were absent. These results
      suggest that the ciliary necklace has a low cholesterol content.

PMID- 4037379
TI  - Comparative effects of halothane, enflurane, and methoxyflurane on the incidence
      of abnormal development using sea urchin gametes as an in vitro model system.
AB  - The incidence of sea urchin embryos developing abnormally after their exposure to
      equimolar concentrations of halothane, enflurane, and methoxyflurane has been
      determined. Halothane concentrations in the 0.6-1.25 mM range caused 18-96% of
      the embryos to undergo abnormal cleavage at the first cell division. This is
      important because embryos exhibiting atypical cleavage patterns at the first cell
      division eventually involute and die before reaching gastrulation. Over the same
      range of concentrations, enflurane and methoxyflurane have minimal effects on
      development. However, when exposed to 2.5 mM methoxyflurane, nearly 40% of the
      cells did not fertilize. These results show that volatile anesthetic agents have
      decidedly different effects on development and suggest that the incidence of
      abnormal development may not correlate directly with the anesthetic potency of
      inhalational agents.

PMID- 4037380
TI  - Inflation device to prevent aortocaval compression during pregnancy.

PMID- 4037381
TI  - A single-unit device for differential lung ventilation with only one anesthesia
      machine.

PMID- 4037382
TI  - Subdural migration of an epidural catheter.

PMID- 4037383
TI  - Much ado about nothing: trace gaseous metabolites in the closed circuit.

PMID- 4037384
TI  - Surgically induced hypertension in brain dead patients.

PMID- 4037385
TI  - Movement of the distal end of the endotracheal tube during flexion and extension
      of the neck.

PMID- 4037386
TI  - A simple method for improving the safety of percutaneous cannulation of the
      internal jugular vein.

PMID- 4037387
TI  - Thoughts on protamine toxicity.

PMID- 4037388
TI  - Ketamine for treatment of priapism.

PMID- 4037389
TI  - Aminophylline antagonism of the residual effects of fentanyl anesthesia.

PMID- 4037390
TI  - Myoclonus after etomidate anesthesia.

PMID- 4037391
TI  - Common sense in statistical analyses.

PMID- 4037392
TI  - Precautions in use of a new endotracheal tube for laser surgery.

PMID- 4037393
TI  - Anesthesia-related transient aphonia and quadriplegia.

PMID- 4037394
TI  - Halothane and isoflurane do not decrease PaO2 during one-lung ventilation in
      intravenously anesthetized patients.
AB  - We examined the effect of the inhalational anesthetics halothane (H) and
      isoflurane (IF) on arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation. Twenty
      consenting patients who required thoracotomy and one-lung ventilation were
      initially anesthetized only with the intravenous agents, diazepam, fentanyl,
      pancuronium, metocurine, and infusions of either ketamine or methohexital. A
      double lumen endotracheal tube was inserted, and each patient's lungs were
      mechanically ventilated (two-lung ventilation, step 1) with 100% O2 while the
      patient was in the lateral decubitus position. After the pleura was opened, the
      nondependent lung was collapsed while the dependent lung continued to be
      ventilated with 100% O2. After serial PaO2 measurements indicated achievement of
      stable one-lung ventilation conditions (step 2), intravenous anesthetic agents
      were discontinued, and either H (n = 10) or IF (n = 10) was administered (step 3)
      so that PETH = 7.70 +/- 0.61 mm Hg and PETIF = 9.89 +/- 1.08 mm Hg for more than
      15 min; at the end of step 3, PaH/PETH = 0.82 (n = 5), PaIF/PETIF = 0.75 (n = 5),
      PvH/PETH = 0.64 (n = 3), and PvIF/PETIF = 0.68 (n = 3). The inhalational
      anesthetics were then discontinued, and intravenous agents were reinstituted,
      allowing PETH and PETIF to decrease below 0.50 mm Hg (step 4). Two-lung
      ventilation was resumed at the end of the surgical procedure (step 5). PaO2
      decreased from 441 +/- 64 to 252 +/- 70 mm Hg when one-lung ventilation was
      achieved (steps 1-2), and PaO2 increased from 258 +/- 72 to 395 +/- 65 mm Hg when
      two-lung ventilation was resumed (steps 4-5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037395
TI  - Comparison of the requirements for hepatic injury with halothane and enflurane in
      rats.
AB  - A rat model of enflurane-associated hepatotoxicity was compared with the
      halothane-hypoxia (HH) model (adult male rats, phenobarbital induction, 1%
      halothane, 14% O2, for 2 hr). The enflurane-hypoxia heating (EHH) model involved
      exposing phenobarbital-pretreated male adult rats to 1.5-1.8% enflurane at 10% O2
      for 2 hr with external heating to help maintain body temperature. Exposure to
      either anesthetic without temperature support led to a decrease in body
      temperature of 7-9 degrees C, while heating the animals during anesthesia
      resulted in only a 0.5-2 degree decrease. Reducing the oxygen tension to 10% O2
      combined with heating the animals during exposure produced significant decreases
      in the oxidative metabolism of both halothane and enflurane as compared to
      exposures of 14% O2. The same conditions also caused a significant increase in
      the reductive metabolism of halothane, indicating that a severe hepatic hypoxia
      or anoxia occurs during anesthesia at 10% O2 with external heating. The time
      course of lesion development in the HH model paralleled results obtained with an
      oral dose of CCl4: gradual progression of necrosis up to 24 hr. EHH resulted in a
      classic hypoxic/anoxic injury with elevated serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase
      values and a watery vacuolization of centrilobular hepatocytes immediately after
      exposure. The HH model required phenobarbital pretreatment of the rats for
      expression of hepatic injury; EHH did not. Heating of the animals during
      anesthesia exposure was necessary for enflurane-induced hepatoxicity but had
      little effect on the HH model. Exposure to 5% O2 without anesthetic mimicked EHH
      in both requirements for and type of hepatic injury.

PMID- 4037396
TI  - Hospitalization for miscarriage and delivery outcome among Swedish nurses working
      in operating rooms 1973-1978.
AB  - All infants born in 1973-1978 to nurses working in anesthesiology or as operating
      room nurses were identified from a nationwide registry of all births in Sweden, a
      registry of hospitalized spontaneous and legally induced abortions that covers
      70% of Sweden, and a nurse registry (n = 1323). For comparison, a group was
      formed that consisted of nurses working in medical wards (n = 1382). Delivery
      outcome was also compared with the estimate expected from nationwide figures. No
      statistically significant differences were seen, but infants of the
      anesthesiology/operating room nurses had a slightly higher perinatal death rate
      and a slightly higher rate of preterm births and low birth weights than infants
      in the comparison group and the nationwide average. On the other hand, the
      malformation rate was lower in the infants of anesthesiology/operating room
      nurses than in the control group or nationwide average. A case-control study
      within the group of anesthesiology/operating room nurses was performed.
      Questionnaires were sent to 75 nurses (25 cases whose infants died or had serious
      malformations; 50 controls whose infants were normal); 74 responded. The only
      difference in working conditions for cases and controls was that the cases had
      worked after the twenty-eighth week of pregnancy more often than the controls.
      However, this finding was restricted to nurses whose infants were malformed, and
      work after the twenty-eighth week cannot affect malformation rate. Work in
      anesthesiology or operating rooms had no effect on the incidence of
      hospitalization for miscarriage, perinatal deaths, or malformations detected in
      the neonatal period.

PMID- 4037397
TI  - Control and accountability of controlled substance administration in the
      operating room.
AB  - Personnel working in the operating room complex may be at increased risk for
      chemical impairment. It has been proposed that this predisposition may be related
      to the frequency of use of controlled substances and the inadequate control over
      distribution of these medications, which frequently exists in the operating room.
      A system utilizing a pharmacy satellite in the operating room has increased the
      control and accountability of drug administration practices. Several other
      alternative systems are also reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the establishment of
      a quality assurance program to monitor compliance routinely.

PMID- 4037398
TI  - Comparison of the effects of general and regional anesthesia for cesarean section
      on neonatal neurologic and adaptive capacity scores.
AB  - Fifty-two neonates delivered by elective cesarean section were evaluated using
      the Neonatal Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Scores. Twenty of the mothers
      received general anesthesia, 14 received epidural, and 18 received spinal
      anesthesia. All mothers receiving regional anesthesia were prehydrated with 1000
      ml of lactated Ringer's solution and were given oxygen via a transparent face
      mask. All mothers undergoing general anesthesia received thiopental for induction
      followed by N2O-O2 (4 L:4 L) and 0.5% enflurane until delivery of the baby. All
      mothers were healthy, not in labor, and were scheduled for elective cesarean
      section. All neonates weighed 2500 g or more, had Apgar scores of 7 or more at 1
      and 5 min, and had normal acid base and blood gas data. Neonates delivered with
      general anesthesia scored significantly lower on some of the test items for
      adaptive capacity, passive tone, active tone, primary reflexes, and total scores
      at both 15 min and 2 hr of age (P less than 0.05) than those delivered with
      either epidural or spinal anesthesia. Neonates delivered with epidural anesthesia
      scored lower than those delivered with spinal anesthesia on supporting reaction
      and motor activity at 2 hr of age (P less than 0.05). All neonates had high
      scores at 24 hr, at which time there were no significant differences between the
      three groups.

PMID- 4037399
TI  - Effect of halothane on renal hemodynamics during normovolemia and acute
      hemorrhagic hypovolemia.
AB  - The effects of halothane on renal hemodynamics under both normovolemic and
      hypovolemic conditions were investigated in chronically instrumented conscious
      dogs whose homeostatic mechanisms were not altered by the presence of preexisting
      drugs. Renal blood flow and aortic pressure were assessed by prior implantation
      of Doppler ultrasonic flow probes on the renal artery and a catheter in the
      descending aorta. Administration of halothane to conscious normovolemic dogs
      (Group HN) resulted in 11-26% decreases in renal vascular resistance with no
      significant changes occurring in renal blood flow. In a second group of animals
      made hypovolemic while awake (Group AH), 30% of the blood volume was removed over
      one-half hour. In response to hemorrhage, these conscious animals' renal blood
      flow did not significantly change from the normovolemic control, and renal
      vascular resistance significantly decreased. With no further intervention, renal
      vascular resistance and renal blood flow remained unchanged from the level
      achieved after the 30% hemorrhage. A third group of animals (Group HH) was
      hemorrhaged in a manner similar to that of Group AH. They also showed no
      significant changes in renal blood flow and a significant decrease in renal
      vascular resistance in response to hemorrhage. Thereafter, administration of
      halothane, as in Group HN, to this group produced 11-23% decreases in renal
      vascular resistance with no significant decline in renal blood flow from the
      hypovolemic control levels established after hemorrhage. The author concludes the
      following: administration of halothane to normovolemic conscious dogs does not
      decrease renal blood flow; a moderate degree of acute hemorrhagic hypovolemia
      does not decrease renal blood flow in conscious dogs; and administration of
      halothane to acutely hypovolemic conscious dogs does not impair renal perfusion.

PMID- 4037400
TI  - Bicitra (sodium citrate) and metoclopramide in outpatient anesthesia for
      prophylaxis against aspiration pneumonitis.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of Bicitra (Willen Drug Company, Baltimore, Maryland), a
      commercial preparation of sodium citrate and metoclopramide, on gastric contents
      150 elective outpatients allocated into six groups with 25 patients in each group
      were studied. Patients in Group 1 served as controls. Patients in Groups 2, 3, 5,
      and 6 received Bicitra, po, either 15 ml (Groups 2 and 5) or 30 ml (Groups 3 and
      6). In addition, patients in Groups 5 and 6 also received metoclopramide 10 mg,
      iv; Group 4 patients received metoclopramide 10 mg, iv. Eighty-eight per cent of
      patients in the control group had a gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5, while
      36% had a gastric content volume greater than or equal to 25 ml with pH less than
      or equal to 2.5. Bicitra, 15 ml and 30 ml, po, increased mean gastric pH and
      decreased the proportion of patients with a gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5
      to 32 and 16%, respectively, in Groups 2 and 3. However, Bicitra 15 ml and 30 ml,
      increased the mean gastric volume in Group 3 and also increased the proportion of
      patients with a gastric volume greater than or equal to 25 ml to 56% in Group 2
      and 84% in Group 3. The addition of metoclopramide 10 mg, iv, to Bicitra reduced
      the proportion of patients with a gastric volume greater than or equal to 25 ml
      in Groups 5 and 6 to 28 and 36%, respectively. Metoclopramide (Group 6)
      independently reduced mean gastric volume (15.6 ml vs. 32.7 ml) and the
      proportion of patients with a gastric volume greater than or equal to 25 ml (20%
      vs. 36%). Bicitra and metoclopramide combination significantly reduced the
      proportion of patients with gastric contents greater than or equal to 25 ml with
      pH less than or equal to 2.5.

PMID- 4037401
TI  - Toxicity and resuscitation in lidocaine- or bupivacaine-infused cats.
AB  - Controversy persists surrounding the relative safety of bupivacaine compared with
      lidocaine especially with regard to its cardiovascular toxicity and the ability
      to resuscitate following such occurrences. The margin of safety between seizure
      onset and cardiovascular collapse was compared in lightly anesthetized and
      ventilated cats given an equipotent infusion of either lidocaine or bupivacaine
      (N = 10 for each group). The infusion rates were 4 mg X kg-1 X min-1 bupivacaine
      or 16 mg X kg-1 X min-1 lidocaine. Onset of electrical seizure activity occurred
      at about the same time in both groups and was defined as the central nervous
      system (CNS) toxic end point. The infusion continued until the mean arterial
      pressure reached 10 mmHg (cardiotoxic end point). Despite the early occurrence of
      electrocardiographic changes in the bupivacaine group, mean arterial pressure was
      greater and sustained significantly longer (4.9 +/- 1.3 min; mean +/- SD) with
      this drug compared with lidocaine (3.0 +/- 0.6 min) (P less than 0.005). Using
      the blood pressure criterion for defining cardiovascular (CV) collapse, the
      CV/CNS toxicity ratio for drug dosage was 4.0 with lidocaine and 4.8 with
      bupivacaine. The use of a standardized resuscitation protocol made it possible to
      compare the ability to resuscitate animals in each group. Despite very high
      plasma local anesthetic concentrations, all lidocaine-infused animals were
      quickly resuscitated (4.4 +/- 3.0 min; mean +/- SD). The resuscitation time for
      the bupivacaine group (5.4 +/- 2.4 min) was similar. Two cats in the bupivacaine
      group could not be brought to resuscitation criterion, a difference, however,
      that was not statistically significant.

PMID- 4037402
TI  - Local application of 133Xenon for measurement of regional cerebral blood flow
      (rCBF) during halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane anesthesia in humans.
AB  - It is well known that halothane causes an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF).
      In this study the effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on regional
      cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in humans were determined in the presence of 70% N2O
      at a combined MAC concentration of 1.5. CBF was determined in 24 patients from
      the washout of locally applied 133Xenon with the use of an external
      scintillation. All 24 patients (control n = 6, halothane n = 6, enflurane n = 6,
      and isoflurane n = 6) were undergoing neurosurgical procedures. All patients were
      anesthetized with thiopental, fentanyl, droperidol, and 70% N2O in oxygen and
      paralyzed with pancuronium. The measurements were performed after the dura had
      been opened and before definitive surgery. The first measurement was done in the
      absence of any volatile agent, and the wash-out curve was registered for 6 min.
      The second measurement was done after one of the volatile agents had been added
      for at least 20 min and had reached a concentration of 0.58% for halothane, 1.14%
      for enflurane, or 1.0% for isoflurane in the expiratory gases in order to obtain
      about 1.5 MAC with each volatile anesthetic. The anesthetic concentrations were
      measured with the Engstrom multigas analyzer EMMA. The physiologic variables
      changed very little throughout the period of observation. Body temperature, heart
      rate, blood pressure, PaCO2, and PaO2 were stable. Ephedrine was used to maintain
      a stable arterial pressure. At approximately 1.5 MAC, halothane (plus N2O)
      increased rCBF to nearly three times (166%) the control value, while enflurane
      induced only a slight increase (35%) in rCBF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037403
TI  - Responses of recurrent laryngeal, hypoglossal, and phrenic nerves to increasing
      depths of anesthesia with halothane or enflurane in vagotomized cats.
AB  - In order to compare the responses to increasing depths of anesthesia with
      inhalational anesthetic agents of the phrenic nerve and cranial nerves supplying
      upper airway muscles, the effects of acute administration of halothane (2.5%) or
      enflurane (5.0%) on the activities of the hypoglossal nerve (HN), the recurrent
      laryngeal nerve (RLN), and the phrenic nerve (PN) were investigated in
      artificially ventilated, vagotomized cats. Following administration of halothane
      or enflurane, rhythmic inspiratory activities of all three nerves decreased
      progressively, but the decrease in HN activity was more pronounced than the
      decreases in HN and RLN activities. During the course of respiratory depression
      due to increasing depth of anesthesia with halothane or enflurane, rhythmic
      inspiratory activities of PN and RLN decreased linearly and approximately at the
      same rate, indicating that the response of RLN more closely resembles that of PN.
      However, at a relatively deep level of anesthesia, rhythmic inspiratory RLN
      activity was replaced by strong tonic RLN activity, while PN activity was
      completely abolished, causing quantitatively and qualitatively different
      responses of RLN and PN. These peculiar responses of RLN activity to increasing
      depth of anesthesia were examined in more detail with the use of single- or few
      fiber preparations. Increasing depth of anesthesia depressed the inspiratory RLN
      units while recruiting other units, originally silent, indicating that there are
      two different groups of fibers in RLN whose response to increasing depth of
      anesthesia is exactly opposite to one another.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037404
TI  - Tactile and visual evaluation of the response to train-of-four nerve stimulation.

PMID- 4037405
TI  - Cricoid compression is effective in obliterating the esophageal lumen in the
      presence of a nasogastric tube.

PMID- 4037406
TI  - Bupivacaine in children: pharmacokinetics following caudal anesthesia.

PMID- 4037407
TI  - Chylothorax following celiac plexus block.

PMID- 4037408
TI  - Two-stage fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation in infants: a new approach to
      difficult pediatric intubation.

PMID- 4037409
TI  - Heel sores in association with prolonged epidural analgesia.

PMID- 4037410
TI  - An even simpler way to determine drug infusion rates.

PMID- 4037411
TI  - Concerning the acceptability of awareness during surgery.

PMID- 4037412
TI  - Health experiences of operating room personnel.

PMID- 4037413
TI  - Can traditional intubation be modified?

PMID- 4037414
TI  - Airway obstruction with esophageal monitors in a patient with double aortic arch.

PMID- 4037415
TI  - Reversibility of muscular ischemia: a histochemical quantification by the
      nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test.
AB  - The degree of muscular ischemia and its reversibility can be quantified in the
      early stages. This histochemical enzymatic study utilized Nitroblue tetrazolium
      (NBT) which when reduced by tissue dehydrogenase produces a blue pigment:
      "formazan." Seventy Wistar rats were subjected to transient hindlimb ischemia by
      means of a tourniquet for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 hours, followed by reperfusion.
      Microsurgical muscle biopsies were obtained in each rat at 1 and 12 hours, and 3,
      7, 14 days after reperfusion. Time increased in muscle staining demonstrated a
      succino-dehydrogenase deficit confirmed by clinical and histopathological follow
      up. NBT staining time was 2 minutes (+/- 8 sec.) in the control group, between 2
      and 6 minutes in the reversible ischemia group (rats with 3 and 6 hours of
      tourniquet), and more than 9 minutes (+/- 14 sec.) in the irreversible ischemia
      group (animals with more than 9 hours of tourniquet). In vascular surgery and in
      limb reimplantation this protocol is a practical method of evaluating cytoplasmic
      enzymatic activity and the status of myofibrillar oxidation in the early phases
      of ischemic injury, before histologic changes are clearly delineated.

PMID- 4037416
TI  - Bone marrow status of anaemic pregnant women on supplemental iron and folic acid
      in a Nigerian community.
AB  - The bone marrow status of 31 consecutive pregnant women who had been on
      supplemental oral iron and folic acid since early pregnancy at the University of
      Benin Teaching Hospital was assessed later in pregnancy to test the efficacy of
      oral iron and folic acid in preventing iron deficiency and/or megaloblastic
      anaemia in our community. Only those pregnant patients with haemoglobin genotype
      AA or AS took part in the study. Nobody was excluded except those with CC or SC.
      96.77% (30 out of 31 patients) had iron deficiency with no stainable iron in the
      bone marrow. 35.4% (11 out of 31 patients) had megaloblastic changes in the bone
      marrow. 32.2% (10 out of 31 patients) had a combined iron deficiency and
      megaloblastic anaemia while only one out of 31 patients (3.23%) had megaloblastic
      anaemia without concurrent iron deficiency. 60.4% (20 out of 31 patients) had
      iron deficiency alone without concomitant megaloblastic changes in marrow. The
      bone marrow in all the patients were normal in other respects except with regards
      to iron-deficiency and/or megaloblastic status. The significance of this high
      incidence of iron-deficiency and/or megaloblastic anaemia in patients already on
      routine pre-natal drugs is discussed.

PMID- 4037417
TI  - Serum copper in myocardial infarction--diagnostic and prognostic significance.
AB  - Serum copper estimations were carried out in 44 cases of acute myocardial
      infarction, 23 cases of angina and 40 age and sex matched healthy controls. A
      highly significant degree of rise in serum copper levels was observed in patients
      with acute myocardial infarction as compared to cases of angina and controls. The
      levels showed a gradual rise with peak on 7th day followed by a gradual decline
      returning to normal on 28th day. The pattern was the same both in complicated and
      uncomplicated cases except that values were still higher on the 28th day in
      complicated cases of acute myocardial infarction. Mean peak serum copper levels
      were significantly higher (p less than .001) in complicated cases of acute
      myocardial infarction as compared to uncomplicated cases. Significant correlation
      was found between serial serum copper changes and creatinine phosphokinase and
      lactic dehydrogenase levels. The prognostic and diagnostic significance of serum
      copper has been discussed.

PMID- 4037418
TI  - Pulse wave reflections at the aorto-iliac junction.
AB  - For pressure pulses to be transmitted to vital organ vascular beds, minimum loss
      through vascular branching junctions is necessary. Experimental measurements of
      pulse wave velocities and cross-sectional areas allowed branching reflections to
      be quantified. Wave reflections at normal aorto-iliac junction is minimal.
      Increased reflection occurs when the branch vessel is either narrowed or
      occluded. Also, geometric factors dominate over elastic factors in determining
      the amount of pulse wave reflections at the aorto-iliac junction.

PMID- 4037419
TI  - Viscerally induced cutaneous vasospasm.
AB  - Superficial vasomotor tone in the forearm has been thought to be dependent mostly
      on vasodilatation rather than vasoconstriction. Despite this view we report now
      that a mechanism for profound vasoconstriction exists in the forearm surface.
      This phenomenon was observed in normal subjects undergoing elective radial artery
      catheterization and the stimulus for the vasoconstriction consisted of the intra
      arterial infusion of normal saline (rate of 0.5 - 6.0 ml/min). Two components to
      this reaction were observed. A stable pericatheter zone of pallor varied in
      extent proportional to the rate of infusion. The second component consisted of
      distal patches of vasoconstriction over the whole anterior forearm surface which
      first appeared 5 to 10 seconds after the infusion rate was increased. These
      satellite areas tended to coalesce with sustained infusion but they were unstable
      over time. Local changes in vascular intrinsic regulation can account for the
      pericatheter vasoconstriction but this does not readily explain the observed
      distal changes. The time latency, distribution and evolution of the distal
      vasoconstriction suggests the operation of an autonomic vasomotor reflex arc.

PMID- 4037420
TI  - A non-invasive index of leg arterial perfusion pressure during walking, derived
      from cutaneous toe temperature.
AB  - This article describes and evaluates a non-invasive technique for continuous
      monitoring of hemodynamic changes in the legs during walking. The method involves
      monitoring of cutaneous toe temperature. In six normal subjects we have shown
      that, during exercise under carefully controlled conditions, a unique steady
      state toe temperature exists for any given leg arterial perfusion pressure, when
      perfusion pressure is varied by means of an external occluding ankle cuff.
      Further, we have demonstrated a strong correlation between this external ankle
      cuff pressure and the time rate of changes of toe temperature during the test
      period following occlusion. Correlation coefficients, r1, were between -1 and 
      0.88 (mean -0.95; standard deviation +/- 0.03) for big toe and between -1 and 
      0.87 (mean -0.94; standard deviation +/- 0.03) for third toe. We conclude that
      during walking the time profile of toe temperature changes is a useful index of
      changes in leg perfusion pressure. Therefore, toe temperature may be used to
      study the dynamics of leg arterial circulation in atherosclerotic occlusive
      diseases.

PMID- 4037421
TI  - Instead of "plethysmography": "kenoseography" and "plesmonegraphy".
AB  - The recording of volume changes in health and disease has from old been
      designated as "Plethysmography". This was supposed to be a correct term for the
      recording (graphein) of an increase in volume (plethysmos). The present paper
      shows that the choice of this term was not felicitous, and suggests an
      alternative. The first "plethysmographic" recordings are ascribed to Glisson
      (1622) and Swammerdam (1737). Since Glisson and Swammerdam did, in fact, record
      the volume of muscle to be constant on contraction, their measurements should
      probably have been referred to as "isography". This, however, is merely a
      historical matter. Presently venous outflow measurement is a common procedure to
      establish the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Venous outflow is determined by
      recording the decrease in volume of a limb which occurs after release of a
      congestion cuff. As this is quite the opposite of what is meant by
      "Plethysmography", another indication is needed for this examination. It appears
      that a suitable alternative can be taken from ancient Greek medical literature.

PMID- 4037422
TI  - Iliac artery aneurysm in Behcet's disease: a case report.
AB  - Today, Behcet's disease is known as a multisystem disorder. Eye lesions, mouth
      and genital aphthous lesions, and skin lesions are accepted as major lesions. The
      disease also attacks the locomotor system, central nervous system,
      gastrointestinal system and also arteries and veins. According to available data,
      some 30% of the patients have vascular lesions; mostly thrombosis of the veins.
      Arterial thromboses have been rarely reported; and only a few number of arterial
      aneurysms are noted. Here we present an iliac artery aneurysm in a case of
      Behcet's disease.

PMID- 4037423
TI  - Nailfold capillary microscopy in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia: a report of
      several cases.
AB  - Nailfold capillaries were examined in eight patients with essential mixed
      cryoglobulinemia. Two patients disclosed marked abnormality. These patients had
      no Raynaud phenomenon. Four patients with Raynaud phenomenon disclosed normal
      capillary patterns. Thus, microvascular pathology in essential mixed
      cryoglobulinemia is not related to Raynaud phenomenon.

PMID- 4037424
TI  - The swine histocompatibility system SLA: serological studies in the common Swiss
      and Danish swine breeds.
AB  - Alloantisera were produced in common Swiss and Danish swine breeds by
      immunization with leucocytes or skin-grafts. Out of the 126 antisera, 66 were
      chosen for further study based on titrations employing lymphocytes from unrelated
      pigs typed with French SLA antisera (Vaiman, Chardon & Renard, 1979). The 66
      selected antisera and the French reagents defining 26 SLA specificities were used
      to type lymphocytes from 595 unrelated pigs of the common Swiss and Danish
      breeds. The reaction-patterns of the French, Swiss and Danish antisera were
      adequately correlated for the French SLA specificities Nos FJ 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9,
      11, 14, 19, 20 and 24 and for the haplotypes FJ 15.1.18 and FJ 5.4. In addition,
      a cluster of correlated Danish and Swiss antisera characterized a new
      specificity, provisionally designated CPH 31. This specificity was frequent in
      the Danish Landrace pigs. Using the reagents identified in this report, the
      segregation of SLA markers was studied. Back-cross families demonstrated
      segregation of 15 distinct SLA haplotypes of which 14 are common in French
      Landrace or Large White. Differences were found in haplotype frequencies in both
      the Swiss and the Danish Landrace and Large White breeds.

PMID- 4037425
TI  - Preliminary evidence of segregation distortion in the SLA system.
AB  - The segregation of 11 well-defined SLA haplotypes was investigated in 40 Land
      race and 48 Large White Danish and Swiss litters. Among the 11 haplotypes, the
      segregation of one (SLA 20-8.2.11) deviated significantly from the expected 1:1
      segregation ratio in back-cross families. Tests indicated that these families
      were homogeneous with respect to segregation distortion, although the distortion
      was more pronounced in litters sired by heterozygous Danish boars than by
      heterozygous Swiss boars and Danish and Swiss sows. The data presented do not
      allow any definite conclusion about the cause of the segregation distortion. The
      possibility of the distortion being caused either by a complex similar to the T/t
      complex found in mouse and contemplated in man or directly by the SLA region is
      discussed.

PMID- 4037426
TI  - A comparison of bovine lymphocyte antigens.
AB  - In Canberra, 31 antigens have been described on the surface of bovine
      lymphocytes. Seven antigens are subgroups of other antigens. Eleven antigens are
      similar to the eleven antigens which have been described in Melbourne. Fourteen
      antigens are similar to twelve international-workshop antigens and two European
      workshop antigens.

PMID- 4037427
TI  - Expansion of the P blood group system of the horse.

PMID- 4037428
TI  - Studies on the bovine lymphocyte antigens and the production of lymphocytotoxic
      antibodies by parous cattle.
AB  - Studies were carried out to determine the time of appearance, frequency, titre
      and specificity of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the plasma of parous Hereford
      cattle. Cytotoxic antibody was first detected in a small proportion (3/62 = 4.8%)
      of primigravid cattle during the last third of pregnancy. Titres were low (neat
      or 1 in 2) at this time and decreased in one animal so that antibodies were not
      detectable in samples obtained on the day of calving or 9 days beforehand.
      Following parturition, the proportion of primiparous cattle producing
      lymphocytotoxic antibodies increased markedly and reached a maximum value (8/19 =
      42.1%) during the third month post partum. Antibody levels also rose over the
      same period. An increase in the parity of the dam also resulted in an increase in
      the proportion of cattle with lymphocytotoxic plasma. These antibodies appeared
      earlier in pregnancy, were at a higher titre and had a wider specificity than
      those found in primigravida. Non-foetally stimulated antibody was detected in 4
      cattle. In one plasma sample, lymphocytotoxic activity was present prior to
      mating, and in the 3 others it was not directed against cells from either the
      bull to which the dam was mated or the calf produced by the sire and dam.

PMID- 4037430
TI  - Dust mite avoidance in the treatment of asthma.

PMID- 4037429
TI  - Blood group and protein polymorphism gene frequencies for seven breeds of horses
      in the United States.
AB  - Gene frequencies at 20 blood group and protein polymorphism loci (A, C, D, K, P,
      Q, U, Al, Tf, Pi, Xk, Es, Gc, PGD, CA, Cat, PGM, AP, Hb and PHI) are given for
      seven horse breeds in the United States (Thoroughbred, Arabian, Standardbred,
      Morgan, Quarter Horse, Paso Fino and Peruvian Paso). These data are used to
      calculate that the battery of tests is at least 96% effective for recognizing
      incorrect paternity in these breeds. In addition to paternity testing, these
      tests can be applied to studies of breed relationships.

PMID- 4037431
TI  - Use of Seralyzer system for theophylline level determination in an office
      setting.
AB  - Theophylline levels were measured on 63 plasma samples by both high pressure
      liquid chromatography and Seralyzer methods with excellent correlation. Seralyzer
      results were obtained quickly and easily in an office setting and offered the
      additional advantage of allowing accurate measurements on finger-stick samples.

PMID- 4037432
TI  - IgG is not the only inhibitor of IgE in the RAST test.
AB  - Blocking phenomenon of the RAST test was studied in the sera of 50 different
      patients. Specific levels of IgE and IgG against 11 common foods were evaluated
      by ELISA. Results showed that decreases in IgG levels by protein-A were not
      always followed by IgE increases. In this regard, we found three different
      combinations in the levels of IgE and IgG: (1) an IgG decrease followed by IgE
      increase (29%); (2) an IgG increase followed by IgE decrease (18%); and (3) both
      IgG and IgE decrease (28%). From these results we concluded that IgG is not the
      only inhibitor of the RAST test.

PMID- 4037433
TI  - The significance of the spores of the Basidiomycetes (mushrooms and their allies)
      in bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis.
AB  - The role of Basidiospores in the allergic diathesis is poorly understood.
      Dialyzed extracts of Agaricus campestris, Coprinus micaceus, Fuligo septica,
      Lycoperdon perlatum, Scleroderma lycoperdoides, Ustilago maydis, and sooty mold
      were prepared from fresh spores. The study group consisted of 100 patients with
      asthma and 100 patients with allergic rhinitis. These 200 patients had symptoms
      occurring during October and November. All were intradermally skin tested with
      the seven extracts at concentrations of 1 microgram/mL or 10 micrograms/mL. No
      scratch or pressure puncture tests were performed. Skin tests were recorded at 15
      minutes (pos = 5-mm wheal with 10-mm erythema or greater) and at six or 24 hours
      (pos = 6 mm or greater of induration and erythema). A total of 436 immediate
      reactions were observed in the asthmatic group (4.4/patient) compared with 129 in
      the rhinitic group (1.3/patient). The late phase reactions were just the
      opposite. The asthmatic group had 66 late phase reactions or 0.7/patient compared
      with 382 or 3.8/patient in the rhinitic group. This study demonstrates that
      patients with bronchial asthma have a higher incidence of immediate skin
      sensitivity by intradermal testing, whereas patients with allergic rhinitis have
      late phase sensitivity to these fungal spores. This study was performed in the
      eastern United States only; therefore, the clinical significance of the results
      will become more apparent once this study is repeated in other parts of the
      country by other investigators.

PMID- 4037434
TI  - Therapy of acute asthma: I. Evaluation of successive bronchodilator treatments.
AB  - Ninety-one children with acute asthma were studied to determine the extent of
      incremental improvement in pulmonary function afforded by successive doses of
      subcutaneous epinephrine, and by a bronchodilator aerosol in those patients
      refractory to epinephrine. A significant proportion of patients (69%), as
      expected, responded to the first injection. Among those who did not respond to
      the first injection a significant proportion (30%) responded to the second
      injection. Markedly fewer patients responded to subsequent bronchodilator
      treatments, including aerosols, if they did not improve significantly after the
      first two treatments. Patients with higher initial peak flow rates (PEFR)
      generally required fewer epinephrine injections, and achieved higher maximal PEFR
      than those with lower initial PEFR. Most asthmatic patients who required hospital
      admission had lower initial peak flow rates, were less responsive to epinephrine
      injections, and achieved lower maximal rates than those who could be discharged
      home.

PMID- 4037435
TI  - Tropical island asthma in Hawaii.
AB  - To better understand the increased morbidity and mortality of asthma in Hawaii, a
      profile was established from questionnaires completed by 76 asthmatics in a
      residential area and by 204 asthmatics attending emergency rooms. The general
      profile differed from profiles on other islands and mainland USA in that
      allergens were more important and exercise less. Variations occurred in the
      profile in association with ethnicity, time in Hawaii, and prescribing habits.
      The Chinese did not recognize infection as a trigger; the Filipinos had little
      familial asthma, less pollen sensitivity, and used few steroids; and the Japanese
      were sensitive to Kona weather but not to pollen. The newcomers (military) who
      were sensitive to pollen and less to emotion and exercise, rated their attacks
      more severe and used more nebulizers and steroids. Certain other relationships
      emerged such as house dust as a trigger and the increased use of steroids.
      Asthmatics of two civilian ERs used fewer nebulizers and steroids. In conclusion,
      Hawaii's increased morbidity and mortality of asthma should be examined further
      in terms of ethnicity, infection, house dust, and prescribing habits.

PMID- 4037436
TI  - House dust control and asthma: a placebo-control trial of cleaning air
      filtration.
AB  - Using a placebo-control single-blind crossover trial, we investigated the effects
      of dust control measures alone and combined with electrostatic and high
      efficiency particulate air filters in the bedrooms of patients with asthma. Of 12
      young asthmatics allergic to house dust and dust mite who entered the trial, nine
      completed all four 2-week intervals. No statistically significant improvement in
      symptom scores or peak expiratory flow above that recorded during the placebo
      interval occurred during any treatment phase. We conclude that house dust
      suppression adds little to the management of otherwise well controlled young
      asthmatic patients.

PMID- 4037437
TI  - Associated cutaneous findings in nickel contact sensitivity.
AB  - A clinical survey of patients with nickel dermatitis has provided evidence of a
      significant association with one or more of the following reactions: contact
      reaction from adhesive tape, reaction from mosquito bites which lasts 1 week or
      longer, and a history of hives. The association of nickel contact dermatitis with
      at least one of the other reactions is termed contact sensitivity syndrome.

PMID- 4037438
TI  - Prevalence of occupational asthma in silk filatures.
AB  - A clinical survey in two silk filatures revealed that 36.2% of the persons
      engaged in the processing of natural silk were suffering from bronchial asthma,
      while 16.9% of the total subjects had asthma of occupational origin. Skin prick
      tests using crude silkworm cocoon and pupal allergen extracts revealed that 28.8%
      of the subjects were sensitive to the silkworm-derived allergens. IgE antibodies
      specific to both cocoon and pupal allergens were demonstrable by RAST in the sera
      of patients with positive skin reactions and occupational asthma.

PMID- 4037439
TI  - Measurement of serum IgE concentrations in cancer patients.

PMID- 4037440
TI  - [Is automatic oscillometric measurement of blood pressure reliable in
      hypotension?].
AB  - The reliability of an automatic oscillometric device for measurement of blood
      pressure (BP) was assessed in a large range of BP values during intraoperative
      normotension and induced hypotension. Direct BP measurements were carried out
      with a radial catheter. Data were compared with those obtained with the
      oscillometric device placed on the opposite arm. Nine patients were studied,
      undergoing 234 measurements of BP ranging from 55 to 208 mmHg (7.3 to 27.7 kPa)
      for systolic blood pressure (Pasys), from 32 to 130 mmHg (4.3 to 17.3 kPa) for
      diastolic blood pressure (Padia) and from 36 to 154 mmHg (4.8 to 20.5 kPa) for
      mean blood pressure (Pa). Good correlation between the two techniques was found
      for Pasys measurements recorded during both normotension and hypotension (r =
      0.93; p less than 0.01). 92% of the values recorded with the oscillometric device
      were lower than those measured invasively. In the other cases (8% of the data),
      the mean difference between the two techniques was 5.5 mmHg (0.7 kPa). When BP
      values lower than 90 mmHg (12 kPa) for Pasys, 60 mmHg (8 kPa) for Padia and 70
      mmHg (9,3 kPa) for Pa were considered individually, the correlation coefficients
      were 0.83, 0.73 and 0.77 respectively. These findings suggested that the
      oscillometric method can be considered as relatively suitable for monitoring
      moderate hypotension induced by vasodilators. The invasive technique must however
      remain the method of choice during profound hypotension.

PMID- 4037441
TI  - [Peridural morphine in intractable cancer pains. Means and obstacles].
AB  - Long-term analgesia with epidural morphine (EM) is a new tool in the management
      of intractable cancer pain. Twenty-six out of 160 cancer patients referred to the
      Pain Division for pain assessment were selected for analgesia with long-term
      epidural morphine, so aiming to define its place amongst more traditional methods
      of treatment, such as drugs, nerve-blocks, neurosurgery or radiotherapy. All 26
      patients were cases of conventional analgesic failure, with very advanced cancer
      states. Thirteen patients became absolutely pain free throughout the treatment
      period: five of them were even allowed home. Another ten patients were satisfied
      with EM, though some residual pain of neurogenic and visceral type persisted. In
      three patients, epidural morphine was judged as a complete failure. The 134 other
      patients could be managed with either of the other above mentioned techniques.
      The most important selection criterion for patients requiring epidural morphine
      seemed to be continuous multiple site bilateral pain of deep somatic origin. The
      response was variable in continuous visceral pain, while neurogenic, cutaneous
      and intermittent pain due to intestinal obstruction responded only exceptionally.
      EM was most valuable in terminal situations when systemic opiates failed to give
      satisfactory analgesia, or in acute transitory situations, while waiting for a
      response to cancer-orientated therapy. Epidural morphine considerably improved
      the patients' quality of life, compared with conventional methods tried
      beforehand. Analgesic methods in cancer are palliative procedures. In terminal or
      temporary situations, other more invasive methods are not suited. The EM
      technique is simple, adjustable to advancing pain and has few side-effects,
      especially when compared with neurolytic and neurosurgical procedures.

PMID- 4037442
TI  - [Inhibition of postoperative muscular proteolysis by sodium alpha
      ketoisocaproate: does a dose-effect relation exist?].
AB  - The inhibitory effect of branched chain amino acids on muscle protein breakdown
      has been attributed to the ketoanalogue of leucine, alpha-ketoisocaproic acid. In
      an attempt to demonstrate a possible dose-response relationship for ketoleucine,
      the postoperative protein breakdown (using urinary excretion of 3
      methylhistidine, creatinine and nitrogen) was evaluated in 29 patients undergoing
      gynaecological surgery. They were randomly assigned to one of the following
      groups: group A (ten patients) received 3 g of glucose per kilo and per day,
      group B (ten patients) received glucose + 100 mg X kg-1 X d-1 of ketoleucine and
      group C (nine patients) glucose + 200 mg X kg-1 X d-1 of ketoleucine. The study
      was performed over a period of 72 h. The 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio was
      significantly lower in groups B and C than in group A (respectively 28.47, 28.07
      and 32.08). These results confirmed the inhibitory effect of ketoleucine on
      muscle protein breakdown. However there was no difference between group B and
      group C. In conclusion, this study did not demonstrate a dose-response
      relationship for ketoleucine in moderate postoperative catabolism.

PMID- 4037443
TI  - [Changes in temperature during transurethral resection of the prostate under
      peridural anesthesia].
AB  - Superficial and central body temperatures were measured during anaesthesia and
      recovery in eleven elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection under
      epidural anaesthesia. A significant decrease in central body temperature as
      measured on the tympanic membrane was found during surgery. After a significant
      increase during induction of anaesthesia, mean skin temperature remained stable
      throughout surgery. Mean body temperature calculated from central body
      temperature and mean skin temperature decreased significantly during surgery.
      During recovery, all temperatures increased significantly. But mean body
      temperature returned to normal faster than central body temperature. Routine
      monitoring of core temperature and the use of warmed irrigation fluids are
      recommended during transurethral resections in elderly patients.

PMID- 4037444
TI  - [Anesthesia with controlled hypotension for treatment of intracranial arterial
      aneurysm in an infant].
AB  - A case is reported of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm of the posterior cerebral
      artery in a 21/2 month old infant. The clinical picture of subarachnoid
      haemorrhage included coma, seizures and left hemiparesis. The aneurysm was
      detected by two dimensional ultrasonography and CT scan. The carotid and
      vertebral arteriogram showed an aneurysm located on the posterior cerebral
      artery. Surgery was performed after neurological improvement, 25 days after
      admission. The operation was conducted under controlled systemic hypotension
      using sodium nitroprusside. The mean blood pressure was decreased from 70 mmHg to
      40 mmHg during 20 min. This technique established good haemostatic conditions
      during removal of the aneurysm. Postoperative recovery was uneventful with full
      neurological recovery. The interest of sodium nitroprusside as a hypotensive
      agent is discussed. The difficulties of monitoring haemodynamic variables in
      infants are stressed.

PMID- 4037445
TI  - [Apparently severe arterial hypertension: limitations of sphygmomanometry].
AB  - Monckeberg's sclerosis is characterized by medial arterial calcifications. This
      disease usually occurs in old people and the lesions are observed in distal lower
      limb arteries. The evolution is generally asymptomatic. The other arteries are
      uncommonly affected. This report concerns a patient with exceptionally extensive
      disease and simultaneous asymptomatic arterial hypertension. Blood pressure
      measured non invasively represents the force required to compress the brachial
      artery, and not the real blood pressure. In such patients, blood pressure should
      be monitored during anaesthesia through arterial cannulation.

PMID- 4037446
TI  - [Fatal poisoning by alcohol-free aniseed aperitif].
AB  - A case of chronic poisoning with alcohol-free "pastis" leading to the death of a
      32 year old alcoholic patient is reported. The mean daily amount of ingested
      glycyrrhizinic acid was 0.35 g. "Torsades de pointes" secondary to severe
      hypokalemia were observed and prolonged cardiac arrest occurred. There was
      evidence of chronic hypokalemic myopathy and of rhabdomyolysis with acute renal
      failure. Furthermore, the origin of an associated cardiomyopathy is discussed.

PMID- 4037447
TI  - [Congenital factor XII deficiency: a rare cause of increased activated cephalin
      time].
AB  - The fortuitous detection of an increased activated cephalin clotting time is
      often dependent on defects of the blood-clotting factors synthesized by the
      liver, haemophilia or von Willebrand's disease, circulating anticoagulants or
      specific deficiencies of various factors necessary for blood-clotting mechanisms.
      Much more rarely, it may be due to an isolated Hageman factor defect. This
      deficiency does not lead to an increased bleeding tendency and surgery has proved
      surprisingly uneventful. On the other hand, thromboembolic events may appear.
      Being and inherited disease with autosomal recessive transmission, the discovery
      of Hageman factor deficiency must lead to a complete family investigation.

PMID- 4037448
TI  - [Serum assay of lidocaine after intrabronchial administration].

PMID- 4037449
TI  - [Postoperative changes in plasma fibronectin. Influence of the type of
      anesthesia].

PMID- 4037450
TI  - [Pulsed-gas ventilation].

PMID- 4037451
TI  - [Postoperative analgesia by the continuous peridural administration of ketamine].

PMID- 4037452
TI  - [Cardiogenic shock].

PMID- 4037453
TI  - Biological control systems. Selected papers from the Biomedical Society 1984
      Symposium. April 2-5, St. Louis, Missouri.

PMID- 4037454
TI  - Automatic control of blood pressures with multiple drug inputs.
AB  - Control of arterial blood pressure has been successfully achieved by infusing a
      single vasoactive drug. However, in clinical practice, blood pressures are
      frequently controlled using multiple drug infusions. This paper presents a
      computer based adaptive control algorithm for simultaneous infusions of both an
      inotropic agent and a vasoactive agent to maintain the blood pressures at desired
      levels. We present the dynamics of the system with a bilinear two-input, two
      output model. A least-squares parameter estimation algorithm has been employed
      using an output error method. Results of computer simulations of an electrical
      analog model of the heart and circulatory system are presented.

PMID- 4037455
TI  - Renal cortical perfusion--preliminary experience with the dynamic spatial
      reconstructor (DSR).
AB  - The three-dimensional image data generated by the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor
      (DSR) enables measurement of the three-dimensional distribution of blood supply
      in organs. We have applied this imaging technique to evaluate renal cortical
      blood flow distribution and compare it with distribution of radiolabeled
      microspheres. The DSR, a high temporal resolution volumetric roentgenographic
      computed tomographic scanner, was used to scan the volume containing a kidney in
      0.13-0.26 s and repeating this scan 8-4 times per s for six s during a renal
      arteriogram. Five anesthetized dogs were studied in the prone position with the
      left kidney exteriorized through a flank incision. An electromagnetic flowmeter
      was placed around the renal artery and a needle placed retrograde into the artery
      for injection of a 2 cc bolus of contrast agent. During the scan the contrast
      agent was injected over a four s period during which radioactively labelled
      microspheres were injected into the left atrium. The tomographic images of
      approximately 10 parallel, 5 mm thick sagittal slices corresponding to the slices
      of the kidney used for counting microspheres in the cortical layers were
      displayed and analyzed. The time point chosen for analysis was the one in which
      peak brightness (i.e., concentration of contrast agent) was detected in the
      cortex. The spatial distribution of peak brightness values was compared to the
      number of microspheres at the same sampling locations. The microsphere-based
      value of regional cortical blood flow fell below the regression line for the
      juxtamedullary cortex and above for the outer cortex. This result is consistent
      with the preferential distribution of microspheres to the outer cortex whereas
      the contrast agent distributed more uniformly throughout the cortex.

PMID- 4037456
TI  - Videomicroscopic method for direct determination of blood flow to the papilla of
      the kidney.
AB  - We adapted the technique of videomicroscopy for direct determination of blood
      flow in individual capillaries of the papilla of the kidney, the ascending vasa
      recta (AVR) and descending vasa recta (DVR). The papilla was exposed in
      anesthetized rats and positioned under a video-camera-microscope and viewed under
      epiillumination. The intravenous infusion of fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)
      labeled gamma globulin was combined with fluorescence microscopy to enhance the
      contrast among plasma, red blood cells and capillary walls. On the television
      monitor, the walls were clearly outlined, enabling the measurement of capillary
      diameter. The velocity of red cells (Vrbc) in individual vasa recta was measured
      using the dual slit technique. From the videotape recorded microscopic image of a
      vas rectum, two photometric signals were obtained by integrating the light
      intensity from two electronic "windows" positioned closely together over the same
      capillary. Red cell velocity was calculated by dividing the distance between the
      two windows by the time delay between signals. The delay was determined using
      analog correlation tracking or digital cross correlation techniques. Single vasa
      recta blood flow was calculated from capillary diameter, Vrbc, and F (Fahraeus
      factor), which converts Vrbc to average whole blood velocity, Vblood. In quartz
      capillaries the same size as vasa recta, the ratio F = Vrbc/Vblood = 1.42 +/-
      0.06. Total papillary blood inflow and outflow was calculated by multiplying the
      total number of DVR or AVR times the mean single capillary blood flow for DVR or
      AVR, respectively.

PMID- 4037457
TI  - Myogenic tone and cerebral vascular autoregulation: the role of a stretch
      dependent mechanism.

PMID- 4037458
TI  - Influence of transmural pressure of myogenic responses of isolated cerebral
      arteries of the rat.
AB  - We examined the diameter responses of isolated and pressurized posterior cerebral
      artery branches to various static and dynamic pressure alterations. These
      vessels, dissected from an anatomically identifiable location in the rat brain,
      developed tone when placed in a normal calcium physiological salt solution (1.6
      mM Ca-PSS). Following a series of transmural pressure steps (delta p) of 25 or 50
      mm Hg completed in 1-2 s and made every 5 min, they attained additional tone
      resulting in a mean luminal diameter of 139 micron at 100 mm Hg which was 35%
      less than their relaxed size measured in 1 mM EGTA-PSS. Continuous measurements
      of wall thickness and lumen diameter were obtained using a video electronic
      system in 1-2 mm long arterial segments, and autoregulatory gain factors
      calculated. Myogenic responses were obtained from each of 6 vessels taken from 6
      WKY rats. Diameters following the step pressure changes were usually stable
      within 2-4 min. The data defined a myogenic regulatory pressure range from 49-145
      mm Hg. Gain values averaged about 17% of that necessary for these arteries to
      maintain perfect flow autoregulation. Our results for myogenicity are comparable
      with the pressure range for blood flow autoregulation reported by others for the
      rat. We conclude that myogenic mechanisms, at least in this size artery, are
      partly responsible for flow autoregulation, and that they are supplemented by
      metabolic mechanisms operative in the intact rat brain.

PMID- 4037459
TI  - Vasopressin induced rhythmic activity in rat basilar artery.
AB  - The effects of vasopressin on membrane potential and tension were studied in
      isolated segments of basilar arteries from the University of Iowa colonies of
      normotensive inbred Kyoto-Wistar rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SP-SHR). In the presence of vasopressin (0.01-0.3 IU/ml),
      basilar arteries from WKY, but not from SP-SHR, developed rhythmic contractions.
      These contractions were recorded in 13 of 14 WKY basilar arteries, were
      unaffected by pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine, and were characterized by 20
      100 dyne oscillations in tension, occurring 1-3 cycles/min, and superimposed on
      the vasopressin-induced contraction (averaging 60 dynes at 0.01 IU/ml or 160
      dynes at 0.3 IU/ml). However, resting membrane potentials were not different in
      SP-SHR vs. WKY at 37 degrees C, and both strains showed about the same (11 mV)
      depolarization by 0.1 IU/ml of vasopressin. The rhythmic contractions were
      enhanced by K+-free solution, and abolished in the presence of high K+ solution
      (30 mM), suggesting that active Na+-K+ transport may be involved in modulating
      the rhythmic activity. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the
      vasopressin-induced rhythmic contractions in WKY basilar arteries are at least
      partly dependent on a reduced activity of electrogenic Na+-K+ active transport in
      WKY as compared to SP-SHR.

PMID- 4037460
TI  - Cerebrovascular transmural pressure and autoregulation.
AB  - The cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to changes in perfusion pressure mediated
      through decreases in arterial pressure, increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      pressure and increases in jugular venous pressure was studied in anesthetized
      dogs. A preparation was developed in which each of the three relevant pressures
      could be controlled and manipulated independently of each other. In this
      preparation, the superior vena cava and femoral vein were cannulated and drained
      into a reservoir. Blood was pumped from the reservoir into the right atrium. With
      this system, mean arterial pressure and jugular venous pressure could be
      independently controlled. CSF pressure (measured in the lateral ventricle) could
      be manipulated via a cisternal puncture. Total and regional CBF responses to
      alterations in perfusion pressure were studied with the radiolabelled microsphere
      technique. Each hemisphere was sectioned into 13 regions: spinal cord,
      cerebellum, medulla, pons, midbrain, diencephalon, caudate, hippocampus,
      parahippocampal gyrus, and occipital, temporal, parietal and frontal lobes.
      Despite 30 mm Hg reductions in arterial pressure or increases in jugular venous
      pressure or CSF pressure, little change in CBF was observed provided the
      perfusion pressure (arterial pressure minus jugular venous pressure or CSF
      pressure depending on which pressure was of greater magnitude) was greater than
      the lower limit for cerebral autoregulation (approximately 60 mm Hg). However,
      when the perfusion pressure was reduced by any of the three different methods to
      levels less than 60 mm Hg (average of 48 mm Hg), a comparable reduction (25-35%)
      in both total and regional CBF was obtained. Thus comparable changes in the
      perfusion pressure gradient established by decreasing arterial pressure,
      increasing jugular venous pressure and increasing CSF pressure resulted in
      similar total and regional blood flow responses. Independent alterations of
      arterial and CSF pressures, and jugular venous pressure produce opposite changes
      in vascular transmural pressure yet result in similar CBF responses. These
      results show that cerebral autoregulation is a function of the perfusion pressure
      gradient and cannot be accounted for predominantly by myogenic mechanisms.

PMID- 4037461
TI  - The role of adenosine in autoregulation of cerebral blood flow.
AB  - We have investigated the role of adenosine, a purine nucleoside and potent
      vasodilator of cerebral pial vessels, during both acute (0-60 sec) and sustained
      (2-5 min) changes in cerebral perfusion pressure. Brain adenosine concentrations
      are rapidly increased within 5 sec of the onset of systemic hypotension and
      parallel, in a temporal fashion, the changes in pial vessel diameter and
      alterations in cerebral vascular resistance. During sustained hypotension, brain
      levels of adenosine are increased even within the autoregulatory range. These
      data are constant with the hypothesis that adenosine is an important metabolic
      factor in cerebral autoregulation.

PMID- 4037462
TI  - Oxygen-dependent mechanisms in cerebral autoregulation.
AB  - Autoregulatory adjustments in the caliber of cerebral arterioles were studied in
      anesthetized cats equipped with cranial windows for the direct observation of the
      pial microcirculation. Increased venous pressure caused slight, but consistent,
      arteriolar dilation, at normal and at reduced arterial blood pressure and
      irrespective of whether or not intracranial pressure was kept constant or allowed
      to increase. Arterial hypotension caused arteriolar dilation which was inhibited
      partially by perfusion of the space under the cranial window with artificial CSF
      equilibrated with high concentrations of oxygen. This vasodilation was inhibited
      to a greater extent by perfusion of the space under the cranial window with
      fluorocarbon FC-80, equilibrated with high concentrations of oxygen. CSF or
      fluorocarbon equilibrated with nitrogen did not influence the vasodilation in
      response to arterial hypotension. The response to increased venous pressure was
      converted to vasoconstriction when fluorocarbon equilibrated with high
      concentrations of oxygen was flowing under the cranial window. The vasodilation
      in response to arterial hypotension was inhibited by topical application of
      adenosine deaminase. The results show that both metabolic and myogenic mechanisms
      play a role in cerebral arteriolar autoregulation. Under normal conditions, the
      metabolic mechanisms predominate. The presence of the myogenic mechanisms may be
      unmasked by preventing the operation of the metabolic mechanisms. The major
      metabolic mechanism seems to be dependent on changes in PO2 within the brain with
      secondary release of adenosine.

PMID- 4037463
TI  - A cellular mechanism for myogenic regulation of cat cerebral arteries.
AB  - Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow is accomplished through integration of
      metabolic, neurogenic and myogenic mechanisms. Myogenic mechanisms involve
      activation of cerebral arterial muscle cells as transmural pressure increases,
      providing a means through which vessel caliber can be regulated to maintain blood
      flow constant. The cellular mechanisms involved in this myogenic response may
      involve changes in the electrical potential across the plasma membrane. When
      isolated cat middle cerebral arteries are cannulated and prepared in a manner
      allowing manipulation of transmural pressure, the muscle cell membrane
      depolarizes as pressure increases. The degree of membrane depolarization in
      response to an elevated pressure is dependent upon extracellular Ca2+ [( Ca]o),
      increasing as [Ca]o is elevated and markedly decreasing as [Ca]o is reduced to
      low levels. When these arterial preparations are maintained at a physiological
      pressure of around 100 mm Hg, spontaneous action potentials can be recorded which
      increase in frequency upon further elevation in pressure. Vessels exhibiting such
      electrical activity can be observed to decrease in diameter as pressure is
      increased. Such finding suggest a membrane electrical mechanism for myogenic
      autoregulation of cerebral arteries.

PMID- 4037464
TI  - Yohimbine: a new street drug.
AB  - Following the ingestion of an alleged aphrodisiac known as "yo-yo," a 16-year-old
      girl experienced an acute dissociative reaction accompanied by weakness,
      paresthesias, and incoordination. Subsequent symptoms included anxiety, headache,
      nausea, palpitations, and chest pain. Hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea,
      diaphoresis, pallor, tremors, and an erythematous rash were noted on physical
      examination. Serum epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were found to be
      elevated. Symptoms resolved spontaneously but lasted approximately 36 hours. The
      ingested substance was identified as yohimbine. The pharmacology of yohimbine and
      the treatment of yohimbine poisoning are discussed.

PMID- 4037465
TI  - Syncope and conduction disturbances following sublingual nifedipine for
      hypertension.
AB  - We present a case of a 79-year-old woman with periods of syncope, complete heart
      block (CHB), and ventricular standstill during periods of increased vagal tone
      following sublingual nifedipine for hypertension. The syncopal episodes were
      associated with periods of elevated vagal tone (micturition and vomiting) with
      one monitored episode showing a clear time course of emesis; CHB then ensued,
      progressing to ventricular standstill with loss of consciousness that resolved
      over several minutes. Although nifedipine is not thought to affect conduction at
      current clinical dosages, it seems likely that the additive effects of nifedipine
      and elevated vagal tone produced the observed conduction abnormalities. This is
      the first case report of nifedipine administration followed by syncope and
      conduction disturbances.

PMID- 4037466
TI  - Neurotoxicity of meperidine.
AB  - Meperidine neurotoxicity manifests as shakiness, tremors, myoclonus, and
      seizures. It is generally seen with repeated parenteral use. We report a case of
      meperidine neurotoxicity from oral use by an otherwise healthy woman. The
      pharmacology and clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 4037467
TI  - An unusual presentation of spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
AB  - Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon disease that often presents with
      subtle clinical and radiographic findings. During a two-week period, three
      patients presented with complaints of throat and neck pain. The first complained
      of difficulty swallowing and throat and chest discomfort; accurate diagnosis was
      delayed because of the unusual presenting symptoms. The second had severe throat
      pain. The third presented with unstable vital signs, throat and neck pain, and
      air in the pericardium and mediastinum. Review of the first case facilitated the
      correct diagnosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in the subsequent cases. All
      three patients were discharged free of symptoms.

PMID- 4037468
TI  - Calcific tendonitis of the longus colli muscle: a cause of atraumatic neck pain.
AB  - Retropharyngeal calcific tendonitis is a not-infrequent cause of atraumatic neck
      pain. Two patients presented with neck pain and stiffness, one with associated
      dysphagia. Cervical spine radiographs showed calcification anterior to the dens,
      establishing the diagnosis of calcific tendonitis of the longus colli muscle.
      Treatment with analgesics and antiinflammatory agents brought relief of symptoms
      within one week. A review of the literature shows that these patients had courses
      similar to those in previously reported cases.

PMID- 4037469
TI  - Disaster medical services. American College of Emergency Physicians.

PMID- 4037470
TI  - Moulage in a disaster simulation exercise.

PMID- 4037471
TI  - Use of a surgical glove when repairing finger injuries.

PMID- 4037472
TI  - Hypothermia therapy.

PMID- 4037473
TI  - Effect of timolol on the sympathetic nervous system in coronary occlusion in
      cats.
AB  - Clinical studies have shown that treatment with chronic timolol after a
      myocardial infarction decreases the incidence of reinfarction and mortality. It
      also limits the size of infarction when it is given IV during the acute phase of
      an infarction and followed by chronic oral dosing. It has been postulated that
      beta blockers work not only by a direct mechanism on the heart, but by altering
      neural discharge to the heart and depressing the sympathetic overactivity seen in
      35% of patients immediately after an infarction. Our study examined the effect of
      timolol on sympathetic cardiac neural discharge, blood pressure, heart rate, and
      rhythm during acute coronary occlusion produced by ligation of the left anterior
      descending artery 10 to 14 mm below its origin in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized
      cats. Timolol or normal saline 5 mg/kg IV was given five minutes post coronary
      occlusion. The infusion of timolol significantly decreased the mean arterial
      blood pressure and heart rate. Sympathetic cardiac neural discharge in the group
      treated with timolol five minutes post coronary occlusion did not differ from
      that in the saline group. Thus there was a nonuniform (an increase, a decrease,
      or no change) sympathetic cardiac neural discharge associated with the production
      of occlusion-induced arrhythmia. These data suggest that the action of timolol on
      the sympathetic cardiac neural discharge is not its major mode of protection.

PMID- 4037474
TI  - The influence of verapamil on dopamine's ability to augment cardiac output.
AB  - Calcium channel blockers are used in the treatment of angina pectoris, cardiac
      arrhythmia, and hypertension. Sporadic reports of hypotensive reactions to
      verapamil have indicated that these reactions are not reversed readily by
      catecholamine administration. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis
      that verapamil pretreatment does not alter the ability of dopamine in
      conventional doses to augment cardiac output. Twelve mongrel dogs, weighing 19 to
      25 kg, were anesthetized with pentobarbital and placed on a respirator. Heart
      rate, cardiac output, and the right atrial, pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillary
      wedge, and central aortic pressures were measured directly. Dopamine, 10
      micrograms/kg/min, increased cardiac index by 52.4 mL/kg/min over baseline. The
      dopamine was stopped and the animals were allowed to return to baseline.
      Dopamine, 10 micrograms/kg/min, was administered again after pretreatment with
      0.15 mg/kg verapamil, and it increased cardiac index by 47.9 mL/kg/min over the
      second baseline control. The results were not statistically different using the
      Student t test for paired data (P greater than .05). It is concluded that
      verapamil does not affect dopamine's ability to augment cardiac output in the
      dosages tested.

PMID- 4037475
TI  - Should the emergency IVP be used more selectively in blunt renal trauma?
AB  - A retrospective study was performed to determine if the emergency intravenous
      pyelogram (IVP) is being overused in the evaluation of blunt renal trauma.
      Medical records of 105 blunt renal trauma patients undergoing IVPs for suspected
      blunt renal trauma were analyzed. Eighty-eight patients (83.8%) had normal IVPs,
      and 17 patients (16.2%) had abnormal IVPs. Three of the 105 patients (2.9%)
      required urologic surgical intervention. The medical records of these patients
      were examined in detail because it was believed that this patient population
      needed to be identified by emergency IVP. All three patients requiring urologic
      surgery had gross hematuria. All three patients had one or more associated
      injuries. Two of the three patients had flank tenderness and/or flank mass. The
      third patient was obtunded. From this study and information from the literature
      an algorithm has been constructed as a guideline for a prospective study.
      Following this guideline no patients in the study requiring urologic surgical
      intervention would have been missed. Of patients requiring an emergency IVP, 7.3%
      would have required urologic surgery. This would have resulted in a savings of
      $10,432 at our institution.

PMID- 4037476
TI  - Effects of rapid infusion with high pressure and large-bore i.v. tubing on red
      blood cell lysis and warming.
AB  - A prototype large-bore intravenous tubing was developed and tested. Mean flow
      rates for blood (Hct 45%) and tap water were determined for several catheters at
      600 mm Hg, 300 mm Hg, and gravity flow and were statistically analyzed by
      calculating the 95% confidence intervals. The degree of hemolysis during high
      pressure and flow was determined by measuring the plasma free hemoglobin using
      the spectrophotometric method. To determine if cold banked blood can be
      adequately warmed at high flow rates, thermocouples were used to measure the
      blood temperature before and after rapid infusion through a blood warmer. Results
      included maximum flow rates of 1,764 mL/min for tap water, and 1,714 mL/min for
      blood (Hct 45%) at 600 mm Hg through the large-bore tubing and an 8.5-F catheter.
      Flow rates for other pressure and catheter combinations were tabulated. The
      plasma-free hemoglobin increased slightly compared to controls with high pressure
      (less than or equal to 600 mm Hg) and flow rates. The increase correlated with
      less than 1% red blood cell lysis in all trials. When 13 C blood was infused
      through a warmer, blood temperature increased to 25.3 C at the maximum flow rate
      of 732 mL/min. Slightly higher heat gain resulted with slower infusion rates. We
      conclude that the prototype large-bore tubing and up to 600 mm Hg pressure
      provide rapid flow rates without significant hemolysis. Blood warming may be
      inadequate at higher flow rates.

PMID- 4037477
TI  - Emergency evaluation of cervical spine injuries: CT versus plain radiographs.
AB  - The recognition and appropriate initial management of the patient with an acute
      cervical spine injury in the ED is important because of the devastating and
      catastrophic effects of spinal cord injury. The use of computed tomography (CT)
      scan compared with initial plain radiographs in the detection of acute blunt
      traumatic cervical spine injury was evaluated in 20 patients. There was a
      disparity between the plain film and the CT scan as read by an attending
      radiologist in 12 patients (60%). In five patients (25%) the plain radiograph
      suggested a fracture or dislocation that was confirmed by CT scan. In eight
      patients (40%) the cervical spine film was read as a fracture, dislocation, or
      soft tissue widening between the cervical spine vertebrae. CT scan done later
      after admission was normal. In the remaining seven patients the plain film was
      read as "normal." CT scan, however, was normal in only three, and in four of
      these seven patients there was a discrepancy between the plain radiograph and the
      CT. Thus in four of 20 patients (20%) the plain film was read as "normal," while
      CT scan showed a fracture in our study. CT scan was superior to plain films in
      diagnosing cervical spine trauma, and it eliminated the false-positive (40%) and
      false-negative (20%) results obtained by relying on plain radiographs alone.

PMID- 4037478
TI  - The effect of telemetry on urban prehospital cardiac care.
AB  - A three-year, controlled trial of the use of telemetry in the prehospital care of
      cardiac patients was conducted in a major metropolitan area. Five of the ten
      paramedic squads in the city used telemetry; the other five squads did not. We
      studied the effect of telemetry on the following: paramedics' abilities to
      recognize ECGs in a written test; paramedics' abilities to identify ECG
      arrhythmias in the field; length of time spent by paramedics in the field;
      survival rates of patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) cared for by
      paramedics; abilities of base station physicians to interpret telemetered ECGs;
      and attitudes of paramedics toward using telemetry. Telemetry was not found to
      affect the abilities of paramedics to read ECGs in either test or field
      situations. Paramedics who used telemetry spent more time in the field with their
      patients than did paramedics who did not use telemetry (P less than .02). We
      found no statistically significant effect of telemetry on survival rates of VF
      patients. Using matched ECGs, readings by base station physicians were found to
      be more accurate than were those by paramedics (P less than .01). Paramedics
      overwhelmingly reported that telemetry did not help them to save patients' lives,
      but that it did help them to treat patients with certain arrhythmias. The results
      suggest that telemetry may not improve either paramedics' abilities to identify
      arrhythmias or prehospital care for all cardiac patients. The implications for
      emergency services researchers are discussed.

PMID- 4037479
TI  - The ten-year malpractice experience of a large urban EMS system.
AB  - Malpractice is a recognized and growing problem for physicians and hospitals, but
      it is difficult to ascertain the risk of malpractice in the prehospital arena.
      Dade County, Florida (greater Miami), with a population of 1.7 million, currently
      is served by 339 certified paramedics. During the decade of 1972 to 1982, Dade
      County Fire Rescue handled 265,060 incidents; 16 claims were filed with the Risk
      Management Division of Dade County. The claims were produced by 11 incidents,
      which yields a rate of one per 24,096 incidents. The two greatest problems
      identified were inadequate record keeping and "gray zone" patients who do not fit
      any particular protocol.

PMID- 4037480
TI  - Methodology reporting in three acute care journals: replication and reliability.
AB  - As the sciences of emergency medicine and acute care medicine develop, it becomes
      imperative for researchers in these fields to accurately and completely report
      the methodology of their investigations. It is only through complete reporting
      that other investigators can critically examine, replicate, or expand on the
      results of an investigation. The purpose of our study was to compare the
      completeness of methodology reporting in three acute care journals, Annals of
      Emergency Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, and Journal of Trauma. Thirty-eight
      criteria characteristics necessary for the replication of a clinical trial were
      identified and grouped into ten categories. The categories were experimental
      design, recruitment and exclusion of subjects, selection of study sample, subject
      allocation, therapeutic regimen, blindness, outcome criteria, analysis of
      confounders, withdrawal of subjects, and statistical analysis. All prospective,
      interventional, controlled trials appearing in these journals from January 1980
      to June 1983 were identified. A total of 45 trials were found. Each trial was
      read independently by two reviewers to determine whether each of the 38 criteria
      was clearly reported, not clearly reported, or not applicable. Disagreements were
      resolved by a third reader (adjudicator). The results are reported as the mean
      proportion of items clearly reported +/- standard deviation: Annals of Emergency
      Medicine (n = 16), 0.39 +/- 0.10; Journal of Trauma (n = 18), 0.33 +/- 0.14; and
      Critical Care Medicine (n = 11), 0.32 +/- 0.09. A one-way analysis of variance
      found no statistically significant difference between journals with respect to
      these proportions (P = .25).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037481
TI  - When less is more: Teflon and telemetry in the space age.

PMID- 4037482
TI  - Paramedic services--a true extension of emergency medicine.

PMID- 4037483
TI  - Emergency IVP in blunt renal trauma.

PMID- 4037484
TI  - Borderline personality disorder.

PMID- 4037485
TI  - Effect of diuresis on urinary excretion and creatinine clearance in the horse.
AB  - Endogenous creatinine clearance and renal excretion of phenylbutazone,
      osmotically active material, and compounds contributing to the urinary refractive
      index were studied in 12 Thoroughbred mares after no treatment, after water
      administration, or after furosemide administration. Urine was quantitatively
      collected, using urinary bladder catheters. On average, urine flow of the mares
      was 9 microliters/min/kg without treatment and increased to about 50
      microliters/min/kg after water administration and to about 70 microliters/min/kg
      after furosemide administration. Water administration increased creatinine
      clearance values and excretion of phenylbutazone. Furosemide administration
      increased urinary excretion of osmotically active compounds and compounds
      contributing to urinary refractive index and decreased excretion of
      phenylbutazone.

PMID- 4037486
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of small doses of 3-methylindole given to horses.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of 3-methylindole (3MI) given orally in 2 doses (10 mg/kg
      and 20 mg/kg) to horses were determined. The pharmacokinetic plasma-concentration
      profiles for 3MI (10- and 20-mg/kg dosages) in horses were represented by a 2
      compartment open model with first-order absorption, as determined by nonlinear
      least-squares regression analysis. Absorption of 3MI at both dosages was rapid.
      Comparisons of the peak plasma concentrations, the postdistribution half lives,
      total clearances, and areas under the curve of the plasma-concentration profiles
      between the 10- and the 20-mg/kg dosages may indicate the presence of nonlinear
      or dose-dependent kinetics for 3MI in horses.

PMID- 4037487
TI  - Mechanism of renal excretion of creatinine by the pony.
AB  - Free-flow and stop-flow procedures conducted on 2 female and 2 testosterone
      treated castrated male ponies indicated that [14C]inulin and exogenous creatinine
      clearance values were the same. These results indicated that creatinine was
      neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the renal tubules and that exogenous
      creatinine clearance was an accurate method for determining glomerular filtration
      rate. As in other species which have been studied, endogenous creatinine
      clearance probably underestimated glomerular filtration rate because of the
      presence of noncreatinine chromogens in plasma.

PMID- 4037488
TI  - Pathophysiologic study of 3-methylindole-induced pulmonary toxicosis in immature
      cattle.
AB  - In 5 Friesian calves given 3-methylindole (3-MI) (100 mg/kg once a week for 8
      weeks, except calf 4, given a 50 mg/kg dose on weeks 3 to 8), pulmonary function
      (PF) values and arterial blood gas tensions (PaO2 and PaCO2) were measured 24
      hours after dosing was done and were correlated with clinical, biochemical, and
      pathologic changes. Three of the calves (No. 1, 2, and 3) showed acute
      respiratory distress syndrome 24 hours after the first 3-MI treatment, with a
      large increase in respiratory frequency, minute viscous work, and PaCO2 and a
      large decrease in tidal volume, dynamic lung compliance, and PaCO2. They died 36,
      38, and 84 hours after dosing. Pulmonary function changes were compatible with
      the severe pulmonary edema and alveolar damage observed at necropsy. The 2 other
      calves, after they were given the 1st dose, showed only subacute respiratory
      distress syndrome with less severe changes in PF values recorded at 24 hours.
      Furthermore, they became progressively more tolerant to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
      weekly treatments, and showed base-line PF values after the 5th weekly treatment.
      Pathologic changes were not observed in lung biopsy material from these 2 animals
      at 2 and at 12 weeks after the 8th (or last) 3-MI treatment.

PMID- 4037489
TI  - Pathophysiologic effects of experimentally induced Fascioloides magna infection
      in sheep.
AB  - The pathophysiologic responses of 13 sheep inoculated orally with 100
      metacercariae of Fascioloides magna were monitored for 4 months after
      inoculation. There were no differences in weight gains between these and a number
      of noninoculated control sheep throughout the experiment. Complete blood cell
      counts showed an increase only in the absolute number of eosinophils. Serum
      preparations (2 times a week) from 7 inoculated and 7 noninoculated sheep did not
      identify any significant changes in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate
      aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase
      activities. There were no changes in total bilirubin, BUN, creatinine, inorganic
      phosphorus, calcium, albumin, chloride, potassium, and sodium values. Four months
      after they were inoculated, all sheep were necropsied, and flukes were recovered.
      Gross lesions attributed to fluke migration were found in the liver and portal
      lymph nodes, diaphragm, lungs, kidneys, and spleen. Microscopically, liver
      lesions in inoculated sheep occurred in the portal areas, veins, and Glisson's
      capsule and were characterized by both active and chronic forms of inflammation.
      Abundant infiltrates of eosinophils and plasma cells often marked the portal
      areas. Endophlebitis, with or without thrombosis, was the predominate vascular
      lesion. The flukes recovered varied greatly in size (6.5 to 48.0-mm long) and
      demonstrated some sexual development, but none was sexually mature.

PMID- 4037490
TI  - Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Brucella
      ovis in sheep: field trial.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using an autoclave-extracted
      soluble antigen, for the detection of serum antibodies to Brucella ovis in sheep
      was developed. The test seemed to be both sensitive and specific, on the basis of
      the control groups studied. The antigen showed no deterioration in prepared
      plates stored at -70 C for up to a year. The ELISA was used in conjunction with
      palpation of rams for epididymal lesions as a means to detect and control B ovis
      infection in a naturally infected flock. All rams were evaluated by the ELISA. At
      the time that the first blood sample was obtained, all positive and suspicious
      reactors were removed. With subsequent blood sample collections, only the
      positive reactors were removed. Brucella ovis was not isolated from any rams
      during the following year, and none of the mature breeding rams developed
      epididymal lesions.

PMID- 4037491
TI  - Effects of intraoperative irradiation on gastric and urinary bladder incisions in
      the dog.
AB  - Fourteen adult dogs of mixed breeding were given intraoperative irradiation (25
      Gy) after surgical incisions were made into the greater curvature of the stomach
      and the ventral surface of the urinary bladder. Sequential biopsy samples were
      obtained 10 days to 180 days after surgical operation. All irradiated stomachs
      developed gastritis and persistent ulceration of the irradiated field.
      Microscopic changes induced by irradiation of both the bladder and stomach
      progressed from severe submucosal edema to severe submucosal fibrosis. A parallel
      progression of fibrinoid degeneration of the small blood vessels was seen in both
      organs. Severe gastric ulceration persisted up to 180 days after irradiation,
      although a degree of mucous neck cell and gastric gland regeneration did occur.
      Pathologic changes were less severe in the bladder than in the stomach. The
      bladder had greater resiliency and capability for healing and, in contrast to the
      stomach, showed a capability to reepithelialize the radiation-induced ulcers.
      Conclusions of this study are as follows: (a) the canine urinary bladder
      tolerated intraoperative radiation therapy after tissue resection better than did
      the canine stomach, (b) the combination of surgical operation and irradiation
      resulted in a more prolonged and complicated healing pattern than did either
      procedure alone, and (c) the introduction of a surgical procedure upon irradiated
      tissue within an undetermined time span relative to irradiation resulted in a
      similar pattern of disturbed healing.

PMID- 4037492
TI  - Echocardiographic and clinical effects of milrinone in dogs with myocardial
      failure.
AB  - Milrinone is a recently synthesized bypyridine compound with positive inotropic
      and arteriolar dilating properties in persons and experimental animals. To
      examine the efficacy and safety of milrinone to treat myocardial failure in dogs,
      dogs with myocardial failure were selected from the patient populations of 3
      veterinary hospitals. Progressively increased dosages of milrinone, from 0.05 to
      1.0 mg/kg of body weight, were administered over 14 days, and cardiac responses,
      as determined by M-mode echocardiography, and clinical responses were recorded.
      An effective dosage of milrinone was identified for each dog and administered for
      4 weeks to evaluate the stability of the cardiac response. A randomized blinded
      study of drug vs nondrug capsule or nondrug elixer (designated placebo) was
      performed at the end of 4 weeks to eliminate possible effects of investigator
      bias or spontaneous regression of the disease. The duration of drug effect was
      determined by evaluating echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular
      function for 12 hours after drug administration. Echocardiographic evaluation of
      left ventricular function improved in dogs given milrinone. The effective dosage
      was between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. Tolerance to milrinone did not develop during the
      4-week study. In dogs given placebo during the randomized blinded study,
      echocardiographic values decreased significantly. Dogs that were given milrinone
      remained echocardiographically stable. During the study, 6 dogs improved
      clinically, 5 remained the same, 1 had a decrease in exercise tolerance, 1 died
      of severe heart failure, and 1 died of hypoadrenocorticism. Ventricular
      tachydysrhythmia was exacerbated in 2 dogs, but was not treated.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037493
TI  - Effect of collection time and exercise restriction on the prediction of urine
      protein excretion, using urine protein/creatinine ratio in dogs.
AB  - Nonproteinuric and proteinuric dogs were studied to determine whether the urine
      protein/creatinine ratio from a 24-hour urine sample could be used to predict
      urine protein excretion. Urine protein/creatinine ratios estimated from urine
      produced during daylight hours and from that produced during nighttime hours were
      compared to determine whether time of sample collection influenced the prediction
      of the urine protein excretion value. Urine protein/creatinine ratios in urine
      from male dogs were compared with those from female dogs to determine whether sex
      had an influence on the value. Hospitalized and nonhospitalized dogs were used to
      determine the effect of exercise restriction. The urine protein/creatinine ratio
      varied significantly between healthy and proteinuric dogs (P = 0.0001). It was
      not influenced by collection period or sex. Animals not confined to hospital
      cages had a significantly lower urine protein/creatinine ratio than did
      hospitalized animals confined to a cage (P = 0.003).

PMID- 4037494
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics and anesthetic effects of methohexital,
      pentobarbital, thiamylal, and thiopental in Greyhound dogs and non-Greyhound,
      mixed-breed dogs.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics and duration of anesthesia of methohexital, pentobarbital,
      thiamylal, and thiopental in Greyhound and non-Greyhound, mixed-breed dogs were
      compared. In all dogs evaluated, pentobarbital induced the longest duration of
      anesthesia and methohexital induced the shortest duration. Pharmacokinetics of
      pentobarbital and methohexital were similar in both groups of dogs.
      Thiobarbiturates induced longer anesthetic effects in Greyhound dogs than in
      mixed-breed dogs. Plasma thiobarbiturate concentrations remained above normal
      longer in Greyhound dogs than in mixed-breed dogs. Disposition of
      thiobarbiturates in Greyhound dogs was characterized by nonlinearity from 45
      minutes to 8 hours after dosing.

PMID- 4037496
TI  - Plasma-glucose concentrations in dogs and cats before and after surgery:
      comparison of healthy animals and animals with sepsis.
AB  - Various surgical procedures were performed in healthy dogs and cats and in dogs
      and cats with sepsis. Plasma-glucose concentrations after surgery were usually
      increased over presurgical values. After surgery, cats had significantly higher
      plasma-glucose concentrations (P less than 0.05) than did dogs. Postsurgical
      concentrations for healthy dogs were between 100 to 200 mg/dl, whereas the
      concentrations for dogs with sepsis ranged from 66 to 356 mg/dl. Of 8 dogs with
      sepsis that developed postsurgical plasma-glucose concentrations of greater than
      150 mg/dl, 4 (50%) died, whereas of 7 dogs with sepsis that developed
      postsurgical concentrations of less than 150 mg/dl, only 1 (14%) died; however,
      the difference between these 2 mortality percentages was not significant (P =
      0.08).

PMID- 4037495
TI  - Effect of gastrin, histamine, serotonin, and adrenergic amines on
      gastroesophageal sphincter pressure in the dog.
AB  - In nonrestrained dogs that had not been given chemicals and that were in the
      fasted and fed state, gastroesophageal sphincter pressure (GESP) was measured;
      results were compared with GESP induced in the same dogs by drugs that modified
      activity at cholinergic, adrenergic, histaminic, and gastrin receptors. Atropine
      reduced GESP from 38.5 +/- 1.3 (mean +/- SE) and 55.5 +/- 2.0 mm of Hg to 11.3 +/
      2.0 and 14.5 +/- 2.4 mm of Hg in fasted and fed dogs, respectively. Histamine
      induced phasic contractions that were not affected by anticholinergics or
      cimetidine. Iphenhydramine eliminated the phasic contractions and reduced GESP to
      18.2 +/- 3.9 mm of Hg. In fed dogs, diphenhydramine reduced GESP to 37.0 +/- 2.5
      mm of Hg, but cimetidine did not. Pentagastrin induced increases in GESP that
      were inversely related to basal GESP. Pentagastrin given during histamine
      infusion eliminated histamine-induced phasic contractions. In fed dogs,
      metoclopramide increased GESP from 48.8 +/- 4.0 mm of Hg to 76.0 +/- 4.0 mm of
      Hg; this increment was eliminated by diphenhydramine. Administration of atropine
      after metoclopramide reduced GESP the same as for dogs given atropine alone. An
      adrenergic amine with only alpha-adrenergic effects induced phasic contractions,
      and an adrenergic amine with only beta-adrenergic effects reduced GESP. Blockers
      of alpha and beta effects did not change GESP in fed dogs. Domperidone induced
      phasic contractions that were eliminated by feeding. Serotonin increased GESP.
      Canine GESP may be maintained in fed dogs by chemicals interacting with
      cholinergic, histaminic, gastrin, and serotonin receptors, but not by chemicals
      interacting with adrenergic receptors.

PMID- 4037497
TI  - M-mode echocardiographic measurements in nonanesthetized healthy cats: effects of
      body weight, heart rate, and other variables.
AB  - Body weight, heart rate, and 19 M-mode echocardiographic variables were measured
      in 41 nonanesthetized healthy cats. Estimated limits were determined for the
      echocardiographic variables, and each variable was then correlated to body
      weight, heart rate, and the 18 other variables. A significant (P less than 0.05)
      positive correlation to body weight was found with aortic diameter, left atrial
      dimension, septal and left ventricular systolic and left ventricular diastolic
      wall thicknesses, and left and right ventricular diastolic and right ventricular
      systolic internal dimensions. Significant inverse correlation (P less than 0.05)
      to heart rate was found with body weight, left ventricular systolic and diastolic
      and right ventricular systolic internal dimensions, left atrial dimension, left
      atrial dimension to aortic ratio, mitral valve E point to ventricular septal
      separation, and left ventricular ejection time. Left ventricular shortening
      fraction in the short axis and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were
      significantly correlated (P less than 0.05) to heart rate. Significant
      correlation (P less than 0.05) was also found between many echocardiographic
      variables.

PMID- 4037498
TI  - Change in M-mode echocardiographic values in cats given ketamine.
AB  - Determination was made of changes in heart rate and certain M-mode
      echocardiographic values in healthy cats given ketamine (3 to 5 mg/kg, IM). Heart
      rate and septal and left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole
      increased, and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole and shortening
      fraction decreased (P less than 0.02) after ketamine was given. With the
      adjustment for heart rate by analysis of covariance, left ventricular internal
      diameter in diastole, shortening fraction, and velocity of circumferential fiber
      shortening were significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) from base-line values.

PMID- 4037499
TI  - Fate of sodium pentobarbital in rendered products.
AB  - The fate of pentobarbital through rendering was evaluated by following a group of
      euthanatized animals through a commercial rendering facility. Samples of material
      were collected at various points in the rendering process, and assays for
      pentobarbital were conducted by an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The
      results indicated that the pentobarbital, or a closely related analogue, survived
      rendering without undergoing degradation. The pentobarbital was distributed
      approximately equally between the meat and bone meal and tallow fractions. If
      pentobarbital-euthanatized animals are processed along with other raw materials
      throughout a day's production, the likelihood of significant residues being
      present in rendered products is minimal.

PMID- 4037500
TI  - Mechanical properties of three orthopedic wire configurations.
AB  - An 18-gauge stainless steel wire was applied to a transverse fracture model to
      determine the antirotational effectiveness of cruciate, horizontal mattress, and
      simple interrupted interfragmentary wire configurations. The number of twists
      used to tighten the configuration and the distance from the fracture were
      compared in the cruciate and horizontal mattress patterns. In a 2nd experiment,
      the compressive forces generated at the fracture by cruciate and horizontal
      mattress configurations tightened with 1 and 2 twists were determined. The
      cruciate configuration was better than the horizontal mattress and simple
      interrupted configurations in preventing rotation (P less than 0.001). Increasing
      the distance from the fracture line to the wire holes decreased antirotational
      effectiveness. Tightening the cruciate and horizontal mattress configurations
      with 2 twists produced significantly greater compressions across the fracture
      line than did tightening with 1 twist (P less than 0.0001).

PMID- 4037501
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations of motor cortex synaptic junctions in Brown Swiss
      cattle with weaver syndrome.
AB  - An ultrastructural comparison was made between the motor cortex synapses of the
      brain of 4 adult Brown Swiss cattle with weaver syndrome and 2 healthy cattle (a
      Holstein steer and a Guernsey cow). Compared with the healthy cattle, the
      paramembranous densities at synaptic junctions of cattle with weaver syndrome had
      a decreased mean height of the presynaptic dense projections (P less than 0.001),
      had significantly smaller peak-to-peak distances (P less than 0.001), and had a
      significantly decreased mean thickness of the postsynaptic density (P less than
      0.0001). These synaptic changes in cattle with weaver syndrome may be associated
      with clinical manifestations of the syndrome, such as impairment of transmitter
      release, instability of postsynaptic receptor sites, lesion-induced synaptic
      turnover from injury elsewhere in the CNS, or loss of a specific cell population
      of the motor cortex.

PMID- 4037502
TI  - Synergistic influence of Ostertagia ostertagi and Trichostrongylus axei on
      Ostertagia ostertagi larval inhibition and abomasal lesions in cattle.
AB  - Parasite-free 4-month-old calves were inoculated with Ostertagia ostertagi and/or
      Trichostrongylus axei followed 6 weeks later by increasing doses of O ostertagi
      for 8 weeks. Clinical signs of parasitism, fecal egg counts, and plasma
      pepsinogen concentrations were monitored, and gross lesions and parasite burdens
      were determined postmortem. Clinical signs of parasitism were not observed and
      weight gains were not affected in experimentally infected calves. In calves
      infected with O ostertagi, mean plasma pepsinogen concentrations were greater
      than for control calves and were diagnostically significant 4 weeks after
      inoculation and during the last 4 weeks of serial inoculations with O ostertagi.
      In calves that were given O ostertagi and T axei, abomasal pH was significantly
      increased, and abomasal lesions were more pronounced than in control calves or in
      calves inoculated with only O ostertagi or T axei. Abomasal lymph nodes were
      enlarged in all parasitized calves; other lymph nodes in the calves inoculated
      with both O ostertagi and T axei were usually smaller than in calves inoculated
      with only O ostertagi or T axei. Numbers of O ostertagi-inhibited larvae were
      small in all inoculated calves, but the percentage inhibition was significantly
      greater in calves inoculated with both O ostertagi and T axei. The percentage
      inhibition was 3.53% for the O ostertagi-inoculated calves and 7.07% for calves
      inoculated with both O ostertagi and T axei. These percentages indicated a
      synergistic effect of concurrent abomasal parasitism, whereas a synergistic
      effect on T axei worm burden was not observed. The low percentage of larval
      inhibition indicated that factors other than host resistance are involved in
      naturally occurring pretype II ostertagiosis.

PMID- 4037503
TI  - Persistence of encysted Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of equids fed oocysts.
AB  - Thirteen 6-month- to 13-year-old equids were each inoculated orally with 10,000
      infective Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. The equids remained clinically normal.
      Equids were euthanatized on postinoculation days 33, 45, 90, 104, 120, 140, 162,
      183, 197, 204, 211, 294, and 476. Their tissues were bioassayed for viable
      oocysts by feeding muscles to Toxoplasma-free cats and by inoculation of pepsin
      digests of 13 organs into mice. Using mouse inoculation, T gondii was recovered
      from tissues of the 9 equids euthanatized on each of postinoculation days 33, 45,
      120, 140, 183, 197, 211, 294, and 476. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the
      tongue and intestines of 4 equids, from the heart of 3 equids, from thigh
      muscles, brain, and heart of 2 equids, and from the eye, lungs, and spinal cord
      of 1 equid. Muscles from 9 of 13 equids were infectious to cats, as evidenced by
      feline shedding of oocysts. Results indicate that T gondii can persist in edible
      tissues of living equids up to 476 days and that non-cooked horsemeat should not
      be fed to cats or eaten by human beings.

PMID- 4037504
TI  - Enzyme histochemical features of equine gluteus muscle fibers.
AB  - Gluteal muscle specimens were taken from 4 horses. From 1 of the 4 gluteal
      muscles, serial sections were prepared. Individual muscle fibers were identified
      and studied, using photomicrographs of sections stained by different enzyme
      histochemical methods. In specimens in which cytoplasmic soluble enzymes were
      studied, use was made of the semi-permeable membrane technique to hamper enzyme
      diffusion into reaction fluids. Enzymes involved in glycogenolysis, glycolysis,
      the tricarboxylic acid cycle, synthesis of reduced nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate, the pentose phosphate cycle, the alpha-glycerolphosphate
      shuttle, the respiratory chain, catabolism, and muscular contraction were
      studied. Some key enzymes of different metabolic pathways were also included.
      Each of 3 fiber types identified had distinct features. Type I fibers were
      characterized by a relatively strong aerobic capacity, compared with type IIA
      fibers, which were more glycolytic and had strong aerobic and moderate-to-strong
      anaerobic capacity. Type IIB fibers were characterized by a relatively low
      aerobic and a relatively high anaerobic capacity, and were glycolytic. Activities
      of phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate
      dehydrogenase, and alpha-naphtylesterase (nonspecific esterase) were so markedly
      different in the 3 fiber types that fiber typing was possible, aided by the
      demonstration of the activities of these enzymes. In type IIB fibers, the pentose
      phosphate cycle was more important than in the other fiber types. Except for the
      unexplained high alpha-naphtylesterase activity in type IIB fibers, catabolic
      enzymes were not active in healthy equine muscle fibers.

PMID- 4037505
TI  - Susceptibility of male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to Brucella
      ovis infection.
AB  - Infection with Brucella ovis was established by conjunctival instillation in 8
      male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Infection was transient in young
      bucks, but persisted in bucks that were mature when inoculated. The deer were
      euthanatized and necropsied at various intervals after inoculation. Brucella ovis
      was recovered from a mature buck at necropsy on postinoculation day 429. Four
      deer had gross lesions and histopathologic changes of the epididymides. A mature
      noninfected buck confined for 7 months with an infected buck acquired infection
      and developed epididymal lesions.

PMID- 4037506
TI  - Relationship of serum concentrations of several enzymes to the porcine stress
      syndrome.
AB  - Serum enzyme concentrations were determined in 319 Hampshire pigs (approx 2
      months of age). Significant positive correlations were found when creatine kinase
      (CK) concentrations were compared with lactate dehydrogenase and malate
      dehydrogenase values, but not when compared with aspartate aminotransferase or
      alanine aminotransferase values. In an additional study, a litter from a sow with
      high serum CK concentrations was observed at 2, 3, 4, and 5 months of age for
      serum CK concentrations. The CK concentration increased as the pigs aged, and
      soft exudative pork was found upon slaughter of the pigs at 5 months of age. It
      is believed that CK, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase
      determinations in weanling pigs would have value for reducing the frequency of
      the porcine stress syndrome and soft exudative pork in breeding stock. If only a
      portion of the genetic carriers was removed, the effect would be considerable
      within a few generations.

PMID- 4037507
TI  - Attempted reactivation of contagious ecthyma in Dall sheep.
AB  - Dexamethasone was administered to 2 Dall ewes that had clinically recovered from
      contagious ecthyma in an attempt to reactivate contagious ecthyma in the sheep.
      Clinical signs of disease were not detected within 24 days after corticosteroid
      injection, and virus was not detected in tissues collected at necropsy.

PMID- 4037508
TI  - Effects of deficient and adequate dietary magnesium concentrations on body
      magnesium concentrations in wethers.
AB  - Effects of 2 dietary Mg concentrations (deficient and adequate: 0.04 and 0.12 g
      of Mg/100 g of dry matter, respectively) on body fluid and tissue Mg
      concentrations and performance of wether lambs were evaluated in a 28-day trial.
      Nine blood and 6 urine samples were collected from each wether. After 28 days,
      CSF and wool samples were collected, and diet, body fluids, and tissues were
      analyzed for mineral concentration. Diet effects on serum and urine Mg
      concentrations were noticed after day 3 (P less than 0.01; P less than 0.05,
      respectively). Mean serum and urine Mg concentrations for 6 sampling periods were
      correlated (r = 0.83, P less than 0.001; No. of samples = 12). The effect of
      dietary Mg on CSF Mg concentrations approached significance (P less than 0.10).
      Effects of diet on cardiac muscle, liver, and 3rd metatarsal bone Mg contents or
      hematologic criteria were not observed. Diet affected wool and kidney cortex Mg
      contents (P less than 0.02). Individual mean 28-day serum Mg concentration was
      correlated with wool Mg content (r = 0.73, P less than 0.05; n = 8) and with
      kidney cortex Mg content (r = 0.75, P less than 0.05; n = 8). Wethers fed low Mg
      diet excreted less urine Ca (P less than 0.001) and had slightly lower serum Ca
      and K values (P less than 0.10) than did wethers fed high Mg. Significant
      differences in cardiac muscle, liver, spleen, or kidney cortex Ca contents were
      not observed. Wethers fed low Mg diet consumed less dry matter and gained less
      weight (P less than 0.001) than did wethers fed high Mg diet. Body fluid and
      tissue macromineral concentrations of 1 wether with hypomagnesemic tetany are
      presented for prognostic and diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 4037509
TI  - Effects of canine distemper virus on natural killer cell activity in dogs.
AB  - An in vitro 51Cr-release assay was developed to detect the cytotoxicity of
      natural killer cells (NK) of canine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes to
      canine distemper virus (CDV) target cell membrane-bound antigens. Leukocytes from
      23 young (greater than or equal to 1 week of age), CDV-naive gnotobiotic dogs
      could discriminate between noninfected control and CDV-infected Vero target
      cells. However, the amount of preinfection NK activity did not positively
      correlate with the ultimate outcome of the disease process when these same dogs
      were given virulent R252-CDV. Evaluation of preinfection and postinfection CDV
      specific NK activity indicated that infection-associated increases in cytolysis
      of CDV-infected or noninfected Vero targets did not occur. In vitro infection of
      peripheral blood leukocytes with CDV did not change the kinetics or magnitude of
      NK-mediated cytolysis of homologous virus-infected or other NK-susceptible target
      cells.

PMID- 4037510
TI  - Brain stem auditory-evoked responses in the dog.
AB  - Brain stem auditory-evoked responses (BAER) were recorded from 58 dogs that did
      not have a known history of hearing problems. The BAER wave forms had an overall
      mean amplitude approximately 3.0 microV and typically consisted of a series of 4
      to 5 vertex-positive peaks (peaks I through V). When acoustic clicks having
      intensities of 60-dB hearing level (decibels relative to the subjective hearing
      threshold) were used as stimuli, peak I had a latency of 1.49 +/- 0.13 ms; peak
      II, 2.32 +/- 0.14 ms; peak III, 3.01 +/- 0.25 ms; peak IV, 4.22 +/- 0.27 ms; and
      peak V, 5.55 +/- 0.37 ms. Latency values were influenced by a number of
      nonpathologic factors, including stimulus intensity and the body temperature of
      the dog. As stimulus intensity was decreased, there was a lengthening of the
      latency of each peak coupled with a decrease in the overall amplitude of BAER.
      Decreases in rectal temperature caused a similar lengthening of peak latencies.
      Age may have an influence on BAER, but under the conditions of the present study,
      the effect was not significant.

PMID- 4037511
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of amikacin in dogs.
AB  - After IV, IM, and subcutaneous injection of single dosages of amikacin (5, 10,
      and 20 mg/kg of body weight) in each of 4 dogs, the elimination kinetics of
      amikacin were determined. The pattern of urinary excretion and cumulative amount
      excreted unchanged in 24 hours were also determined. Amikacin had a short half
      life (approx 1 hour) that was independent of the dosage. Intravenous injection of
      10 mg/kg gave apparent volume of distribution of 226 +/- 37 ml/kg and body
      clearance of 2.64 +/- 0.24 ml/min.kg (mean +/- SD, n = 4). Within 6 hours,
      greater than 90% of the antibiotic was excreted in the urine, regardless of the
      route of administration. For isolates of common bacterial species from the canine
      urinary tract, minimum inhibitory concentrations of amikacin, gentamicin,
      tobramycin, and kanamycin were determined in vitro. Cumulative percentages were
      approximately the same for urinary isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus
      mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and coagulase-positive staphylococci that were
      susceptible (minimum inhibitory concentrations less than or equal to 32
      micrograms/ml) to increasing concentrations of amikacin, gentamicin, and
      tobramycin, in vitro. Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly more susceptible to
      amikacin than were the other bacteria evaluated. Widest variations in
      susceptibility to aminoglycosides were found with urinary isolates of
      streptococcal species. For dogs with normal renal function, an amikacin dosage of
      10 mg/kg (IM or subcutaneously) is recommended every 8 hours for treatment of
      systemic infections, and every 12 hours for treatment of urinary tract infections
      caused by susceptible bacteria.

PMID- 4037512
TI  - Effect of povidone, povidone-iodine, and iodide on locomotion (in vitro) of
      neutrophils from people, rats, dogs, and rabbits.
AB  - The effect of the antiseptic povidone-iodine (P-I) on neutrophil locomotion was
      tested in vitro. Neutrophil migration into Micropore filters was significantly
      stimulated by P-I at concentrations between 0.03% and 0.005%. At higher
      concentrations (greater than or equal to 0.05%), a dose-dependent inhibition of
      neutrophil migration could be observed which was due to cytotoxic effects of P-I
      as shown by pyknosis and cell lysis. To analyze these effects, 2 components of P
      I (namely, povidone and iodide) were tested separately. In these tests, povidone
      induced a pronounced stimulation of neutrophil migration at concentrations
      similar to the stimulatory concentrations of P-I. Inhibition of neutrophil
      migration or cytotoxic effects of povidone was not observed, even when tested at
      high concentrations (5.0%). Iodide (as NaI or KI) was cytotoxic and strongly
      inhibited neutrophil migration when it was tested at concentrations greater than
      that likely to be present in the inhibitory concentrations of P-I. Stimulatory
      effects of iodide on neutrophil migration could not be observed when tested over
      a wide range of noncytotoxic concentrations. Free iodine was not tested, but was
      considered to be the toxic component by exclusion. The patterns of response were
      similar for neutrophils from the 4 species tested. Migration of rabbit
      neutrophils, however, was inconsistently and weakly stimulated by P-I or
      povidone. These data indicate that the widely used antiseptic P-I, depending on
      its concentration, can either stimulate or inhibit neutrophil migration.

PMID- 4037513
TI  - Stress and adaptational outcomes. The problem of confounded measures.

PMID- 4037514
TI  - Current NIH perspectives on misconduct in science.

PMID- 4037515
TI  - After the missiles. Sociopsychological effects of nuclear war.

PMID- 4037516
TI  - Biofeedback. Research, training, and clinical roles.

PMID- 4037517
TI  - Psychology and pediatrics: prospects for cooperative efforts to promote child
      health. Interview by Logan Wright.

PMID- 4037518
TI  - A room of their own. A proposal to renovate the Children's Bureau.

PMID- 4037519
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome. Prognosis after onset.
AB  - In 88 patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome, clinical,
      laboratory, cardiopulmonary, and demographic data collected on the day of onset
      of the syndrome were used to identify predictors of survivorship and mortality.
      Variables that individually were associated with mortality were then analyzed
      simultaneously by the Cox proportional hazards function and by multiple
      discriminant function using a step-up procedure. Four variables taken singly were
      significantly associated with mortality. These were the presence of less than 10%
      band forms on the initial peripheral blood smear, persistent acidemia with
      arterial pH less than 7.40, calculated HCO-3 less than 20 mg/dl, and blood urea
      nitrogen greater than 65 mg/dl. After eliminating those variables that did not
      contribute significantly to mortality in the presence of the others, only low
      band forms, low pH, and low HCO-3 were significantly associated with increased
      mortality. These findings illustrate the continued high mortality rate in the
      syndrome and indicate possible systemic aberrations that contribute to its
      severity.

PMID- 4037520
TI  - Pulmonary extraction of serotonin and propranolol in patients with adult
      respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Because injury to the pulmonary vascular endothelium is associated with the
      development of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we assessed the
      metabolic function of pulmonary endothelial cells by the measurements of the
      first-pass pulmonary extraction of [14C]serotonin and [3H]propranolol in 15
      patients with ARDS and 15 patients at risk for developing ARDS. Serotonin
      extraction ratio was lower in patients with ARDS (0.85 +/- 0.10, mean +/- SD)
      than in patients at risk (0.91 +/- 0.04) (p less than 0.025), and both values
      were significantly reduced (p less than 0.005) when compared with a control group
      value (0.97 +/- 0.01). The decrease in serotonin extraction was correlated with
      the severity of ARDS (r = -0.67) (p less than 0.001) and with pulmonary function
      changes over time. Propranolol extraction ratio was decreased in patients at risk
      (0.66 +/- 0.11) (p less than 0.005) but not in patients with ARDS (0.75 +/-
      0.11), when compared with those in the control group (0.81 +/- 0.03). Low values
      in patients at risk were restored to normal by continuous positive airway
      pressure breathing. We conclude that pulmonary extraction of serotonin, an index
      of pulmonary endothelial cell function, correlates with the severity of ARDS.

PMID- 4037521
TI  - Causes of mortality in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - This study analyzed the factors causing and contributing to death in patients
      with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Two hundred seven patients
      were prospectively identified as being at risk for development of ARDS. Forty
      seven patients developed ARDS, and the remaining 160 patients were used as a
      comparison control group. The severity of dysfunction in 8 organ systems and the
      presence of sepsis syndrome were determined by chart review after discharge or
      death. Sepsis syndrome was specifically defined by signs and laboratory tests
      reflecting infection or inflammation plus evidence of a deleterious systemic
      effect (hypotension, reduced systemic vascular resistance, or unexplained
      metabolic acidosis). Mortality was 68% in the ARDS group compared to 34% in the
      control group (p less than 0.005). Only 16% (5 of 32) of deaths in the ARDS group
      were from irreversible respiratory failure. Most deaths in the first 3 days after
      entry into the study could be attributed to the underlying illness or injury. The
      majority of late deaths were related to sepsis syndrome. Of the 22 patients with
      ARDS who died after 3 days, 16 (73%) met our criteria for sepsis syndrome. There
      was a sixfold increase in sepsis syndrome after ARDS compared with that in the
      control group (p less than 0.001). When sepsis syndrome preceded the ARDS, the
      abdomen was the predominant source, but when sepsis syndrome occurred after the
      onset of ARDS there was usually a pulmonary source. Our findings indicate that
      sepsis syndrome, rather than respiratory failure, is the leading cause of death
      in patients with ARDS.

PMID- 4037522
TI  - Chemotactic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with adult
      respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils into
      distal air spaces occurs early in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
      To study the mechanism of cell accumulation in this syndrome, we have evaluated
      the chemotactic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with ARDS.
      Lavage fluid was obtained from 16 patients with ARDS within 24 h of endotracheal
      intubation and from 5 normal nonsmoking subjects. Lavage fluid from patients with
      ARDS had an average of 85% neutrophils on differential counts of cytologic
      preparations compared to less than 3% neutrophils for the control subjects. After
      removal of cells and lipids, lavage fractions of molecular weight greater than
      10,000 daltons were chemotactic for human neutrophils in 14 of 16 patients, but
      no activity was seen with the normal lavages. Preliminary studies to identify the
      chemotactic factor were performed.

PMID- 4037523
TI  - Distribution of pulmonary blood flow in relation to atelectasis in premature
      ventilated lambs.
AB  - To investigate the ability of the preterm, ventilated lung to redirect blood flow
      away from atelectatic regions, we studied lambs with respiratory distress
      syndrome and spontaneous atelectasis or atelectasis caused by bronchial
      obstruction with a balloon catheter. Pulmonary blood flow distributions were
      measured by quantifying 15-mu, microsphere-associated radioactivity within
      multiple pieces of lung. Lambs with well aerated or very atelectatic lungs had
      relatively uniform blood flow/gram lung in all pieces of lung. Blood flow was
      much less uniform in lungs with both aerated and atelectatic regions. In 9 lambs
      with spontaneous atelectasis that included 25 +/- 5% (mean +/- SE) of the lungs
      by weight, blood flow was 29 +/- 4% less to atelectatic than to aerated lung
      volumes (p less than 0.01). In 5 lambs with well-aerated lungs, 18 +/- 3% of the
      lung by weight was made atelectatic by balloon occlusion of a major lower lobe
      bronchus. There was a 44 +/- 11% decrease in blood flow to the atelectatic lung
      segments. These studies document the ability of the lung of the premature,
      ventilated lamb to shunt pulmonary blood flow away from atelectatic lung volumes.

PMID- 4037524
TI  - The influence of hypoxemia on tritiated digoxin plasma kinetics and tissue
      distribution in the conscious dog.
AB  - The goals of this study were to document the effect of hypoxemia on the
      distribution of digoxin in conscious dogs. For this purpose, 6 beagles were
      exposed to air and 6 others to an atmosphere containing 10% O2, to generate a
      PaO2 equal to 46.3 +/- 0.3 mmHg (mean +/- SEM). The animals received 25
      micrograms/kg of digoxin containing 2.17 micrograms/kg of 3H-digoxin, and then
      blood and urine samples were collected over the next 48 h, at which time they
      were killed to determine digoxin concentrations in several tissues. Five
      additional beagles were used to assess the influence of hypoxemia on the blood
      perfusion to these tissues using radioactive microspheres. The results, expressed
      as digoxin equivalents, indicated that hypoxemia increased the digoxin apparent
      volume of distribution (2.85 +/- 0.10 versus 2.01 +/- 0.11 L/kg; p less than
      0.001) and the time required to achieve this distribution (9.7 +/- 1.4 versus 2.6
      +/- 0.3 h; p less than 0.01). As digoxin clearance was not influenced by
      hypoxemia, the half-life was increased from 25.2 +/- 1.5 to 33.4 +/- 1.3 h (p
      less than 0.01). With hypoxemia, digoxin concentrations increased significantly
      in the brain and diaphragmatic muscle, but only marginally in other organs,
      including the heart, the latter despite a significant increase in blood flow. It
      is concluded that hypoxia does change digoxin disposition but does not increase
      digoxin heart concentrations. Therefore, factors other than changes in digoxin
      plasma kinetics and heart distribution may be responsible for the decrease in
      digitalis tolerance during hypoxemia.

PMID- 4037525
TI  - Pharmacokinetic studies on antituberculosis regimens in humans. I. Absorption and
      metabolism of the compounds used in the initial intensive phase of the short
      course regimens: single administration study.
AB  - The absorption and metabolism of streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and
      pyrazinamide were evaluated after administration of each drug alone and in
      combination. In the combination sessions, isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide
      were administered orally, either individually or in a single fixed-ratio triple
      preparation. The results have shown that the pattern of absorption and metabolism
      (acetyl-isoniazid, desacetyl-rifampicin, and pyrazinoic acid) found after
      administration of each drug alone did not differ from that found after
      administration of the drugs in free and fixed combination. The 3 orally
      administered drugs given in a fixed combination resulted in a reduction of the
      order of 50% of the total number of tablets to be ingested.

PMID- 4037526
TI  - Tuberculin conversions in Indochinese refugees. An assessment of boosting and
      anergy.
AB  - Indochinese refugees entering the United States have a high rate of tuberculosis
      and tuberculin reactivity. In addition, several investigators have noted that a
      large number of refugees with initial tuberculin tests that are "not significant"
      change to "significant" reactions when retested within 8 wk. This "conversion"
      phenomenon has been reported in 21 to 43% of refugees and has been unexplained by
      antigen, testing, demographic, or exposure risk factors. A prospective evaluation
      of 218 refugees, conducted to assess the role of anergy and boosting, confirmed
      earlier findings, with 52% of 118 persons with initial tuberculin reactions that
      were "not significant" developing "significant" reactions on subsequent testing.
      Anergy, as measured by nonreactivity to mumps and candida skin tests, was not
      found to be a contributing factor, as few refugees were anergic and as rates of
      anergy did not differ significantly among refugees with different responses to
      tuberculin. Boosting, however, played a major role in explaining the
      "conversions," as 59% of persons who changed to "significant" tuberculin tests
      did so when retested with tuberculin at 1 to 3 wk. "Delayed" boosting rather than
      incubating disease or anergy appeared to be the most likely explanation for the
      remaining "conversions" that occurred on a third PPD test conducted at
      approximately 8 wk. If the "conversion" phenomenon is due to boosting, it remains
      to be seen whether the boosting is a result of previous exposure to Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis or to other, nontuberculous mycobacteria.

PMID- 4037527
TI  - Sleep-wake complaints in patients with sleep-related respiratory disturbances.
AB  - The relation of sleep complaint to sleep continuity and respiratory disturbance
      was studied by comparing 2 series of patients with sleep apnea, one group
      complaining of insomnia and the other of excessive daytime sleepiness. On
      polysomnographic evaluation, patients with insomnia complaints had fewer and
      shorter, primarily central, apneas that had little hypoxemic effects. Patients
      with excessive sleepiness complaints had more and longer, primarily obstructive,
      apneas that produced significant hypoxemia. Sleep of the excessively sleepy
      patients was lighter and longer, whereas that of the patients with insomnia was
      characterized by more wake time before and after sleep onset. The excessively
      sleepy patients were objectively sleepy on a test of daytime sleepiness, whereas
      patients with insomnia were alert.

PMID- 4037528
TI  - Patterns of accumulation of platelets and neutrophils in rat lungs during
      exposure to 100% and 85% oxygen.
AB  - The influx of leukocytes into the lung during hyperoxic exposures has been
      suggested as a significant contributor to alveolar injury because, when
      activated, they can cause damage by producing oxygen radicals and releasing
      hydrolytic enzymes. To better understand the relationship between hyperoxic
      injury and inflammatory responses, morphometric methods were used to quantitate
      changes in alveolar capillary blood components of rats exposed to 100% and 85%
      oxygen. After 40 h in 100% oxygen the absolute volume of platelets in the
      capillary bed increased 78% and there was a 111% increase in the total
      endothelial cell surface area covered by platelets. There were no significant
      changes in these parameters for neutrophils until 60 h of exposure of 100% O2. At
      this point, both the absolute volume and the endothelial surface area covered by
      neutrophils increased more than threefold. After 3 days in 85% oxygen absolute
      platelet volume was almost doubled and the surface area covered by platelets
      increased 79%. No neutrophil increases occurred until 5 days exposure to 85%
      oxygen, and both absolute volume and surface area dropped to less than control
      values after 7 days of exposure. The appearance of platelets prior to an influx
      of neutrophils during both hyperoxic exposures suggests that the initial
      endothelial cell injury results from an increased intracellular production of
      oxygen radicals rather than being due to oxygen radicals produced by leukocytes.
      Endothelial cell membrane changes were associated with the initiation of platelet
      accumulation in the capillary bed. Platelet components released during platelet
      activation may be important mediators for the subsequent neutrophil
      influxes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037529
TI  - An immunohistochemical characterization of rhesus monkey respiratory secretions
      using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A series of 12 monoclonal antibodies was made against mucous and serous
      components of rhesus monkey trachea. These antibodies were used to localize
      secretory products in the respiratory epithelium by immunohistochemical methods.
      Mucous cells of the tracheal surface epithelium and submucosal glands were shown
      by histochemical methods to be a homogeneous population containing periodate
      reactive sulfated glycoconjugates. Immunohistochemical staining using the
      monoclonal antibodies on glycol methacrylate sections serial to those stained
      histochemically revealed a more antigenically heterogeneous population of
      secretory cells. Four distinct staining patterns were observed with the 12
      monoclonal antibodies. Eight antibodies reacted with most, but not all, mucous
      and serous cells. Two antibodies recognized subpopulations of secretory cells.
      One antibody stained tracheal mucous cells with a concentration of reaction
      product on the luminal border, and one antibody stained only serous cells within
      the glands. Ten of the 12 antibodies were shown to react in an ELISA with the
      high molecular weight void volume containing mucous glycoproteins separated on a
      Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration column. None of the antibodies recognized blood
      group antigens. We conclude: (1) that production of a large panel of monoclonal
      antibodies to respiratory tract mucins from primates is feasible, (2) that the
      monoclonal antibodies will recognize epitopes on biochemically identifiable
      glycoproteins, and (3) that the intracellular mucous products of tracheal
      secretory cells exhibit greater heterogeneity than is detectable by conventional
      histochemistry.

PMID- 4037530
TI  - The lipid-laden alveolar macrophage as a marker of aspiration in parenchymal lung
      disease.
AB  - We prospectively evaluated lower respiratory secretions obtained by
      bronchoalveolar lavage and stained with Oil-Red-O in patients with a variety of
      parenchymal diseases and in normal subjects. Our subjects included aspirators (n
      = 9), nonaspirators (n = 40), and normal subjects (n = 9). By grading the amount
      of intracellular Oil-Red-O per 100 alveolar macrophages, we computed a
      semiquantitative, lipid-laden alveolar macrophage index. The mean index for
      aspirators of 207 +/- 80 was significantly greater than the mean indexes of
      nonaspirators (121 +/- 97, p less than 0.02) and normal subjects (0.6 +/- 1.7, p
      less than 0.001). An index of greater than or equal to 100 had a sensitivity and
      negative predictive value of 100% each, a false negative rate of 0%, and a
      specificity of 57%. We conclude that (1) the mere presence of lipid-laden
      alveolar macrophages in lower respiratory secretions is a nonspecific marker of
      parenchymal lung disease; (2) the computation of a lipid-laden alveolar
      macrophage index may be helpful in excluding aspiration as a cause of parenchymal
      lung disease.

PMID- 4037531
TI  - Lung growth and development in anencephaly and hydranencephaly.
AB  - Significant qualitative and quantitative differences were observed in the lungs
      of 4 of 6 infants with anencephaly and hydranencephaly. In 3 of 4 of them, the
      findings were explicable on the basis of the presence of associated congenital
      anomalies, and in the fourth there was polyhydramnios. The infants with normal
      lungs did not have associated congenital abnormalities. The absence of the
      pituitary did not correlate with the degree of development of the lungs. Studies
      of lung growth in anencephaly and hydranencephaly must clearly note the presence
      of associated anomalies because anencephaly/hydranencephaly per se may not cause
      pulmonary hypoplasia in the majority of cases. The most satisfactory assessment
      in evaluation of lung growth and development was obtained by combining
      morphologic findings with more than one morphometric parameter. Radial count
      estimation alone was found to be a poor predictor of lung maturity (morphologic
      age) in hypoplastic lungs. Radial count and fixed lung volume together provide a
      better assessment of lung growth and development than does the ratio of lung
      weight to body weight, which is of use only if severely depressed. The terms
      immaturity and hypoplasia of the lungs are not necessarily synonymous.

PMID- 4037532
TI  - Amphotericin B causes aggregation of neutrophils and enhances pulmonary
      leukostasis.
AB  - The influence of amphotericin B (AmB) on the aggregation of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMN) was examined by means of in vitro aggregometry as well as in an
      in vivo model of pulmonary leukostasis (PL). The AmB caused a dose-dependent
      aggregation of PMN that was partially blocked by addition of serum to the drug
      prior to its reaction with the PMN. No aggregation of PMN was seen after the
      addition of nystatin, a similar polyene antibiotic. In vivo studies were
      conducted in rabbits, where PL was induced by an intravenous infusion of zymosan
      activated plasma (ZAP) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and the degree of
      resulting leukostasis was expressed as the number of PMN per high power field
      (HPF). Animals in the control group had 6 +/- 3 PMN/HPF. This number increased to
      12.4 +/- 5.6 when ZAP was infused and postmortem examination was performed 1 h
      later and to 17.4 +/- 4 if the examination was performed after 24 h. These
      numbers increased more than twice when AmB (1 mg/kg) was infused together with
      the ZAP. Increased PL after the infusion of ZAP and AmB was not attenuated by
      prior administration of methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) to the animals. Infusions
      of AmB per se caused no significant PL but did cause increased pinocytosis in the
      pulmonary endothelium. Enhancement of PL by AmB was also examined in a model of
      PMA-induced PL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037533
TI  - Short-term regional clearance of an inhaled submicrometric aerosol in pulmonary
      fibrosis.
AB  - Regional clearance of submicrometric aerosol during 5 days was studied in control
      hamsters and in those with diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis was
      induced by treatment with bleomycin (1.6 U/kg) and oxygen (70% for 72 h) 80 days
      earlier. Diseased and control animals were exposed for 30 min to an insoluble
      colloidal 198Au aerosol (AMAD, 0.62 micron; sigma g, 1.35). Five diseased and 6
      control animals were killed immediately (Day 0); 6 diseased and 6 control animals
      were killed 5 days later (Day 5). All lungs were excised, dried at TLC, sliced
      into 1-mm sections, and dissected into pieces. When compared with deposition in
      Day 0 control lungs, 26.3% of the particles had been cleared 5 days after
      exposure from the control lungs. Diseased animals cleared 44.6% of the particles
      (p less than 0.05, compared with Day 0 diseased animals). Examination of regional
      clearance on the basis of lobar differences, apex to base levels, and presence of
      airways also reflected increased clearance in the fibrotic animals. The
      parenchymal distribution of particle retention at Day 0 was less uniform in the
      fibrotic animals than in the control animals and was not significantly altered
      after 5 days of clearance in either group. Particle clearance may be greater in
      diseased lungs because of accelerated alveolar-bronchiolar transport of particles
      or particle-containing macrophages.

PMID- 4037534
TI  - Lung function and exercise performance in smoking and nonsmoking asbestos-exposed
      workers.
AB  - Evaluation of impairment caused by exposure to an occupational toxin can be
      complicated by additional exposure to other injurious agents. Because cigarette
      smoking is common and cigarettes are implicated in obstructive lung disease and
      cardiovascular diseases, we assessed the contribution of smoking to functional
      abnormalities in a group of asbestos-exposed shipyard workers. Seventy-three
      workers who never smoked were paired with 73 current smokers by age and asbestos
      exposure. Pulmonary function and performance during cycle incremental exercise
      were compared between the 2 groups. Nonsmokers had significantly higher VC, FEV1,
      FEV1/VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide than did smokers. Only 3 of
      the 73 nonsmokers but 23 of the 73 smokers had a FEV1/VC below the 95% confidence
      limit of predicted value. The FEF25-75%, on the other hand, failed to identify
      additional subjects with obstruction not found by the FEV1/VC. During exercise,
      despite no difference in maximal heart rate, the maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) and
      oxygen-pulse were lower among smokers. In addition, smokers more frequently had
      abnormal AaPO2 at maximal exercise. Of 33 smokers who had a VO2max less than 80%
      of predicted, 16 were judged to have cardiac disease, whereas only 2 appeared to
      be limited by obstruction. Only 15 of the 73 nonsmokers had a VO2max less than
      80%. We conclude that cigarette smoking was the major contributing factor to the
      obstructive lung disease observed in asbestos workers, and it also had a strong
      influence on the occurrence, nature, and magnitude of exercise limitation. The
      history of cigarette smoking has an important effect on the assessment of
      impairment from asbestos.

PMID- 4037535
TI  - Respiratory effects of photochemical oxidant air pollution in exercising
      adolescents.
AB  - Healthy volunteers 12 to 15 yr of age (46 boys, 13 girls) were exposed to
      purified air and to smoggy Los Angeles ambient air on different occasions. The
      studies were performed in random order approximately 2 wk apart. They included 1
      h of continuous bicycle exercise (mean ventilation, 32 L/min) plus brief warm-up
      and cool-down periods. Symptoms and forced expiratory performance were recorded
      preexposure in purified air, immediately postexposure, and after 1 h recovery in
      purified air. Mean exposure temperature was 32 degrees C, and mean relative
      humidity was 45%. In ambient exposure, pollutant concentrations averaged 0.144
      ppm for ozone and 153 micrograms/m3 for total suspended particulates. Group mean
      FEV1 decreased during ambient exposure (p less than 0.01) and only partially
      recovered during the following 1 h. Unlike adults studied previously, this
      subject group reported no significant increase in respiratory symptoms
      accompanying changes in FEV1. Adolescents may be less aware of early respiratory
      irritation by oxidants and thus more at risk from ambient exposures than are
      adults.

PMID- 4037536
TI  - Increases in intrathoracic pressure do not explain the rise in left ventricular
      end-diastolic pressure that occurs during exercise in patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - During exercise, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
      increase their pulmonary arterial wedge (Ppaw) and left ventricular (LV) end
      diastolic pressures more than normal control subjects. The increase in pressure
      is commonly attributed to an increase in intrathoracic pressure (Pit). However,
      mean esophageal pressure (Pes) does not increase with supine exercise in patients
      with COPD. Because changes in Pes may not represent changes in Pit when recorded
      in the supine position, we measured Ppaw and Pes during upright exercise in 8
      patients with severe air-flow limitation (mean +/- SD) FEV1, 0.88 +/- 0.27 L
      secondary to COPD and no history or electrocardiographic abnormalities suggesting
      a previous myocardial infarct, history of angina, evidence of systemic
      hypertension, or use of cardiac medications. In addition, all patients completed
      a progressive exercise test to exhaustion without angina or ST segment changes,
      and all had normal LV function at rest assessed by equilibrium radionuclide
      ventriculography. The Ppaw increased a mean of 7.2 +/- 4.3 mmHg, whereas Pes
      increased a mean of only 1.3 +/- 1.6 mmHg. By multiple linear regression
      analysis, Ppaw was significantly associated with the work level performed (p less
      than 0.01), but had no significant association with Pes (p greater than 0.1). The
      change in Ppaw could not be attributed to changes in Pes. If changes in Pes
      during upright exercise are representative of changes in Pit or juxtacardiac
      pressure, a rise in Pit does not explain the exercise-induced increase in Ppaw
      and LV end-diastolic pressure that occurs in patients with COPD.

PMID- 4037537
TI  - Pattern of inhalation of tobacco smoke in pipe, cigarette, and never smokers.
AB  - There is controversy on whether both primary and secondary pipe smokers do inhale
      tobacco smoke. We studied inhalation of tobacco smoke in 6 primary and 6
      secondary pipe smokers and compared it with that in 20 cigarette smokers and 11
      never smokers. Respiratory movements were assessed with inductive
      plethysmography, nasal flow through measurements of nasal pressure, oral flow
      with an oral thermistor, puffing through pressure measurements in the cigarette
      holder or the pipe, and upper airways by fluoroscopy. In all pipe smokers except
      1, breathing and smoking appeared as independent activities. The former was
      exclusively nasal, whereas the latter was exclusively oral. Smoke was sucked and
      puffed by a to-and-fro movement of the tongue sliding along the soft palate. The
      oropharyngeal isthmus was closed (or only intermittently opened) by the
      apposition of the soft palate and the tongue, thus preventing overt inhalation of
      smoke. In most cigarette smokers, smoking interfered with the breathing route.
      Once smoke was sucked into the mouth, the oropharyngeal isthmus opened and
      inspiration proceeded through both mouth (with inhalation of smoke) and nose.
      Cigarette smoking interfered also with the evenness of ventilation. Never smokers
      avoided inhalation by oropharyngeal closure followed by oral expiration. We
      conclude that the oropharyngeal isthmus is the essential gate controlling smoke
      inhalation. Most secondary pipe smokers are able to change their smoking pattern
      and avoid overt inhalation when switching from cigarette to pipe smoking. The
      inhalation pattern appears to be acquired in the course of the smoking history.

PMID- 4037538
TI  - Acute effects of 0.12 ppm ozone or 0.12 ppm nitrogen dioxide on pulmonary
      function in healthy and asthmatic adolescents.
AB  - Adolescent asthmatic subjects have been shown to be much more sensitive than
      healthy adolescents to the inhaled effects of sulfur dioxide. To test whether
      similar adolescent asthmatics are more sensitive to other common ambient air
      pollutants, 10 healthy and 10 asthmatic adolescent subjects were exposed for 60
      min to filtered air, 0.12 ppm ozone (O3), and 0.12 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on
      separate days at rest. The following pulmonary functional values were measured
      before, at 30 min, and after 60 min of exposure: peak flow, total pulmonary
      resistance (RT), thoracic gas volume at functional residual capacity (FRC),
      maximal flow at 50 and 75% of expired vital capacity (Vmax50 and Vmax75), and
      forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Following 60 min of exposure at
      rest to low concentrations of O3 or NO2, there were no consistent significant
      functional changes in either healthy or asthmatic adolescent subjects. There also
      were no measurable differences between the 2 groups.

PMID- 4037539
TI  - Effect of chronic lung disease on the perception of added inspiratory loads.
AB  - The perceived magnitude of externally added loads to breathing was estimated in
      10 normal subjects and 10 patients with chronic lung disease (5 obstructive, 5
      interstitial disorders) to determine if chronic mechanical abnormalities of the
      respiratory system are accompanied by changes in the perception of dyspnea. Flow
      rates and tidal volumes were varied to assess the effect of altered patterns of
      breathing. With added resistive loads, the perceived magnitude increased as both
      resistance and the flow rate increased. With elastic loads the perceived
      magnitude increased as both elastance and tidal volume increased. In all
      subjects, perceived magnitude of added loads was most directly related to the
      inspiratory pressure used to overcome the load. Although the exponent for the
      power function relationship between perceived magnitude and the physical
      magnitude of the load was affected by the subject's age, there was no difference
      between the patients studied and the age-matched normal subjects. The results
      indicate that the sensation associated with added loads to breathing is the same
      in patients with chronic lung disease as in normal subjects. Also, they suggest
      that the altered pattern of breathing in patients with chronic lung disease is a
      behavioral adaptation to minimize respiratory distress.

PMID- 4037540
TI  - Differential inhibition of bronchoconstriction by the calcium channel blockers,
      verapamil and nifedipine.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that the calcium channel blocking agents can
      inhibit experimentally induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics, but their
      protective action has been variable. To clarify the influence of stimulus
      intensity and choice of calcium blocker on these reported differences in outcome,
      we performed noncumulative thermal stimulus-response curves using isocapnic
      hyperventilation of cold air in 8 asthmatics. Subjects received pretreatment with
      orally administered nifedipine (20 mg), intravenously administered verapamil (10
      mg bolus followed by a continuous infusion), or appropriate placebos in a
      randomized, double-blind fashion. Verapamil afforded no consistent protection
      against the thermal challenges, whereas nifedipine significantly blunted the
      bronchoconstrictor response to stimuli of low (p less than 0.02) and middle (p
      less than 0.03) intensity. At the highest thermal burden, the effect of
      nifedipine was inconsistent and not significantly different from that of placebo.
      These results indicate that the protection from bronchoconstriction afforded by
      the calcium channel blockers depends on the choice of agent and the intensity of
      the bronchoconstricting stimulus, and they raise the possibility that the
      contribution of transmembrane calcium ion influx to the pathogenesis of
      bronchoconstriction may vary according to stimulus intensity.

PMID- 4037541
TI  - The contributions of rib cage and abdominal displacements to the hyperinflation
      of acute bronchospasm.
AB  - To quantitate the relative contributions of rib cage and abdomen to the
      hyperinflation of asthma, we examined chest wall movements during histamine
      induced bronchospasm in 7 male asthmatic subjects. A reduction in FEV1 of 28.1 +/
      4.5% (mean +/- 1 SE) was associated with an increase in functional residual
      capacity (FRC) of 0.99 +/- 0.19 L, as measured by spirometer. Similar increases
      in FRC (0.91 +/- 0.18 L) were obtained using a DC respiratory inductive
      plethysmograph (RIP). The absolute error of measurement of delta FRC by RIP,
      compared with that by the spirometer, was 23.0 +/- 1.9%. The delta FRC by RIP was
      slightly less than by spirometer, as indicated by a net positive error of 7.2 +/-
      7.3%. Increase in the volume of the rib cage, measured by RIP, usually accounted
      for the major change in FRC (75%). Even though the contribution of rib cage
      displacement to delta FRC ranged from as little as 30% to as much as 100% of the
      change in individual subjects, it was correlated with the rib cage contribution
      to the tidal breath prior to bronchoconstriction. We conclude that the relative
      contributions of rib cage and abdominal displacements to the volume of
      hyperinflation during mild to moderate acute induced bronchoconstriction are
      quite variable, but they can be predicted from the relative contributions of
      these compartments to tidal breathing prior to bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 4037542
TI  - Accuracy of two ear oximeters at rest and during exercise in pulmonary patients.
AB  - The accuracy of 2 ear oximeters (Hewlett-Packard 47201A and Biox IIA) was
      evaluated at rest and during exercise in 116 pulmonary patients. Ear oximetry
      measurements were compared with arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) measured from
      simultaneous arterial blood samples. When used according to the manufacturer's
      instructions for stabilization during exercise testing, both oximeters
      demonstrated comparable accuracy in estimating arterial blood SaO2 both at rest
      and during exercise in these patients (95% confidence limits, 2 SEE = +/- 4 to
      5%). The oximeters were more accurate in measuring a change in SaO2 from a
      previous reading (95% confidence limits, 2 SEE = +/- 2.5 to 3.5%). COHgb levels
      greater than 4% and dark skin pigmentation appeared to decrease the accuracy of
      ear oximetry measurements. Within the limitations of accuracy, both ear oximeters
      may be useful for clinical exercise testing in pulmonary patients.

PMID- 4037543
TI  - Upper airway artifact in respiratory impedance measurements.
AB  - When studying respiratory impedance by forced oscillations, part of the flow
      measured at the mouth is lost in upper airway wall motion and does not enter the
      trachea. The corresponding error was studied in 10 normal subjects and 8 patients
      with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by measuring respiratory
      impedance with the cheeks unsupported, with the cheeks supported, and when upper
      airway wall motion was simultaneously measured with a head plethysmograph, and
      corrected for. In normal subjects, wall motion had little influence on
      respiratory resistance but, whether the cheeks were supported or not, increased
      the resonant frequency (p less than 0.05) and respiratory compliance (p less than
      0.001) and decreased respiratory inertance (p less than 0.001). In patients with
      COPD, average resistance from 4 to 30 Hz was significantly lower when the cheeks
      were not supported (3.32 +/- 0.57 cm/H2O X L-1 X s; m +/- SD) than when they were
      (4.59 +/- 0.73, p less than 0.01) and when the data were corrected (5.41 +/-
      1.14, p less than 0.001). Moreover, resistance increased with increasing
      frequency when wall motion was corrected for and decreased when it was not. Upper
      airway wall motion also tended to increase resonant frequency and decrease
      inertance in patients. The data show that supporting the cheeks does not prevent
      large errors on respiratory impedance and derived parameters, especially in
      obstructive patients; accurate measurements require that airway wall motion be
      evaluated and corrected for.

PMID- 4037544
TI  - The use of the pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscope in adults.
AB  - Standard fiberoptic bronchoscopes with external diameters of more than 4.5 mm are
      commonly used to diagnose pulmonary diseases in adults. A smaller bronchoscope
      with an external diameter of 3.5 mm has been in use to examine pediatric airway
      disorders. Three adult patients, 2 with hemoptysis and 1 with cough, when
      examined using the standard fiberoptic bronchoscope, had nondiagnostic findings.
      Subsequent examination using the pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscope revealed
      endobronchial lesions in all 3 patients. On the basis of the findings of
      pediatric bronchoscopic examination, it was possible to provide appropriate
      therapeutic decisions, which may not have resulted from the standard
      bronchoscopic examinations. The smaller external diameter of the pediatric
      bronchoscope will enable the bronchoscopist to detect endobronchial lesions in
      smaller airways that cannot be visualized by the standard fiberoptic
      bronchoscopes.

PMID- 4037545
TI  - Effects of acute bronchoconstriction on respiratory activity in patients with
      COPD.

PMID- 4037546
TI  - Learning style analysis in surgical training.
AB  - Learning style analysis is being used at many educational levels to individualize
      the instructional process. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) in particular
      has been employed to determine the learning preferences of medical students and
      physicians in family practice, internal medicine, and anesthesiology. This
      investigation was undertaken to discover whether there exists a characteristic
      learning profile for surgery as a specialty. The Kolb LSI was administered to 39
      surgical personnel. Kolb's Converger was the preferred learning style type of the
      study group (46%). Accommodator (26%) and Assimilator (20%) were next, followed
      by Diverger (8%). These results suggest that there is an identifiable surgical
      learning style that can provide a referential basis for teaching and counseling
      during residency training.

PMID- 4037547
TI  - Acute jejunogastric intussusception.
AB  - Acute jejunogastric intussusception is a rare complication following gastric
      surgery. Three patients were treated for this condition during the past 15 years.
      Common presenting manifestations are vomiting, hematemesis, upper abdominal pain,
      and palpable abdominal mass within the left hypogastrium. The diagnosis is
      established by gastroscopy or upper gastrointestinal radiographs. Four categories
      of classification are described. Optimal operative management consists of prompt
      laparotomy. Manual reduction of the intussusception is followed by resection of
      compromised bowel. Procedures to prevent recurrence are individualized.

PMID- 4037548
TI  - Sigmoid volvulus in children.
AB  - Volvulus of the sigmoid colon is rare in children. The authors have reviewed a
      total of 29 cases, including five from our institution. The most common clinical
      picture is crampy abdominal pain and abdominal distention. In contrast to adults,
      in children plain abdominal films will often not yield a diagnosis. Barium enema
      examination can be done to locate the obstruction. Nonoperative reduction was
      successful in 27 per cent of all reported cases, while operative treatment was
      necessary in 69 per cent of pediatric patients reported. Recurrence following
      derotation by any means was rare. However, adequate long-time follow-up is
      lacking. From available data, it seems that in most cases resection is not
      necessary. Primary resection may be indicated for recurrence or if the bowel is
      compromised. Mortality was 14 per cent, occurring in poor risk patients, the very
      young, and patients with associated anomalies. A redundant sigmoid may undergo
      intermittent torsion over a period of years, making diagnosis difficult. At
      laparotomy, these patients have scarred striae on the sigmoid mesocolon.

PMID- 4037549
TI  - Stercoral perforation of the colon. Concepts of operative management.
AB  - Stercoral perforation of the colon is a direct result of ischemic pressure
      necrosis by a stercoraceous mass. In over 90 per cent of cases, the perforation
      will involve either the sigmoid or rectosigmoid colon and is consistently
      centrally located within a region of mucosal ulceration of varying diameter and
      magnitude. A review of 33 surgically treated cases from the literature along with
      four cases presented here, support resection, end colostomy, and either mucous
      fistula or Hartmann's procedure as the operation of choice with the lowest
      operative mortality (23%) when compared to those patients treated by either loop
      colostomy or exteriorization (71%) or proximal colostomy with plication of the
      perforation (44%). Irrigation of the distal rectal segment as that for
      penetrating rectal injury is also recommended.

PMID- 4037550
TI  - A community experience with entericovesical fistulas.
AB  - A community experience with entericovesical fistulas is presented as well as a
      review of the literature. The series of 16 cases illustrates that this
      complication continues to present challenges in diagnosis and treatment.
      Diverticulitis is by far the most common primary disease process leading to the
      formation of entericovesical fistulas and the controversy involved in the
      surgical management of diverticulitis carries over to the management of this rare
      complication of the disease. It is felt that a one-stage procedure can often be
      accomplished and should be the procedure of choice in well-prepared, electively
      operated patients. When multiple stages are required, the two-stage approach is
      recommended. Familiarity with the proper treatment and a greater index of
      suspicion for this complication will lead to more acceptable management of
      patients with entericovesical fistulas.

PMID- 4037551
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder.
AB  - Sixty-five Japanese patients with primary carcinoma of the gallbladder treated in
      the Department of Surgery I at Kyushu University from 1965 through 1982 were
      reviewed. Forty-one patients had histologically proven primary carcinoma and the
      other 24 patients were diagnosed by laparotomy and/or combination of several
      diagnostic procedures. The female to male ratio was 1.5 to 1. The peak incidence
      was at the ages of 60-69 years for both sexes. Gallstones were found in 53 per
      cent of resected patients and were demonstrated in 58 per cent of unresected
      patients by ultrasonography. Laparotomy was performed on 50 patients and the
      tumor could be removed in 15 patients. Resection could be done in only one of 18
      patients correctly diagnosed. Fourteen of 15 patients who underwent resection had
      been diagnosed as cases of benign lesions. Curative resections were feasible in
      six of 15 patients. In curative resection cases, the longest survival time was 42
      months; and in cases of non-curative resection, 26 months. Most of the
      nonresected patients died within 6 months with an operative mortality of 16.6 per
      cent. This report reinforces the difficulty in diagnosis and the poor prognosis
      for patients with primary carcinoma of the gallbladder. However, ultrasonography
      seems to be the best tool at present for detecting early cancer, especially
      cancer of the polypoid type. We hold the view that more radical approaches for
      relatively early cancer will enhance the operative results.

PMID- 4037552
TI  - Subclavian catheter changes every third day in high risk patients.
AB  - The subclavian catheter is commonly used in burn and trauma patients but remains
      a significant source of bacterial invasion in this group of seriously compromised
      individuals. The authors arbitrarily decided to change the catheter routinely
      every 3 days in consecutive patients to evaluate whether early detection of
      colonization and lowering of the infection rate was possible with this technique.
      At the time of change, catheter tips and central venous blood samples were sent
      for culture. Twenty-four venous blood samples were sent for culture. Twenty-four
      patients were studied in whom a total of 143 catheter changes over a wire
      introducer were performed. There were 20 men and four women with an average age
      of 34.5 years. Twenty patients with burns (average 48% body surface area
      involved), two patients with abdominal gunshot wounds, and two patients with
      complicated blunt trauma were studied. Five patients (three burns, two trauma)
      died, four because of sepsis, one of respiratory failure. Forty of the 143
      catheter tips yielded positive cultures; however, 26 of these were not associated
      with overt sepsis. This 28 per cent incidence of positive catheter cultures was
      significantly less than the 47 per cent incidence reported previously in an
      identical patient population in whom the catheter was changed and cultured on
      clinical suspicion of sepsis (P value less than 0.001). There were 38 clinical
      episodes of sepsis, but the catheter could be implicated as the source in only
      five of these. Pseudomonas was the most common organism isolated from all
      sources. The authors conclude from this study that the incidence of positive
      catheters is significant in this high-risk group, but is decreased when the
      routine change protocol is implemented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037553
TI  - The relationship between hepatic and cardiac function during hemorrhagic shocks
      in dogs.
AB  - The standard Wiggers' method was used to induce hemorrhagic shock in 13
      anesthetized dogs by bleeding to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 50 mm Hg for 2
      hours and then to 30 mm Hg for 1 hour, followed by reinfusion of the shed blood.
      The experimental protocol was designed to determine and relate hepatic function
      to cardiac function during hemorrhagic shock. Cardiac function parameters were
      recorded throughout the experiment on a multichannel polyoscillograph monitor,
      while liver function tests were done by using an automatic analyzer. Indices for
      cardiac performance, that is, left ventricular pressure (LVP), max dp/dt of LVP,
      left ventricular stroke work (LVSW), and right ventricular stroke work (RVSW)
      were all shown to be severely depressed at terminal stage. Transaminases (SGOT
      and SGPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), both being hepatic rich intracellular
      enzymes were very much elevated at terminal stage. This suggested that hepatic
      cell injury occurs in hemorrhagic shock as these enzymes seem to be leaking from
      damaged cells into bloodstream. Hepatic cell damage was confirmed to be present
      as the LDH isoenzyme electrophoresis showed a high frequency of liver fraction
      peak 5. Centrolobular hepatic necrosis was revealed by light microscopy. Cardiac
      function deterioration in hemorrhagic shock aggravates hepatic dysfunction.

PMID- 4037554
TI  - Management of aortoesophageal fistula. A case report.
AB  - A case of aortoesophageal fistula, secondary to a false aneurysm of the thoracic
      aorta is presented. Esophagoscopy and aortography are high-yield diagnostic
      procedures. The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube provides a satisfactory temporizing
      measure. Definitive repair should include aortic replacement with a Dacron graft
      through clean tissue planes.

PMID- 4037555
TI  - Weekly pulse methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and immunologic
      effects in a randomized, double-blind study.
AB  - Twelve patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis were treated with weekly
      pulse methotrexate in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. After
      13 weeks of therapy, patients receiving methotrexate showed greater improvement,
      judged by degree of joint swelling and tenderness, duration of morning stiffness,
      and subjective assessments of clinical condition, compared to those receiving
      placebo (p less than or equal to 0.002). This improvement was associated with a
      decrease in sedimentation rate and decreases in levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA; no
      changes were seen in serum rheumatoid factor titer or complement protein levels.
      Proportions of mononuclear cell subsets that were abnormal before treatment
      (decreased percentage of total T cells, increased percentage of monocytes)
      improved toward normal after therapy with methotrexate. However, no changes were
      seen in elevated pretreatment Leu-3/Leu-2 ratios, in in-vitro proliferative
      responses of lymphocytes to mitogens, or in immunoglobulin secretory responses to
      pokeweed mitogen. Weekly pulse methotrexate is effective in the short-term
      treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Little evidence for cellular immune
      suppression was associated with this clinical benefit.

PMID- 4037556
TI  - Pulmonic valve insufficiency: a common cause of transient diastolic murmurs in
      renal failure.
AB  - To study the transient diastolic murmur associated with renal failure, we used
      Doppler echocardiography to characterize flow across the semilunar valves in 10
      patients on chronic hemodialysis with a diastolic murmur (group A), 26 patients
      on chronic hemodialysis without murmurs (group B), and 15 healthy persons (group
      C). Nine patients in group A had pulmonic valve insufficiency that encompassed 77
      +/- 21% (SD) of diastole with peak regurgitant flow velocities of 1.7 +/- 0.3
      m/s. Doppler-calculated mean pulmonary artery pressure in 8 of them was 43 +/- 7
      mm Hg before dialysis and 20 +/- 12 mm Hg afterward (p less than 0.001). Dialysis
      reduced the duration of pulmonic insufficiency to 10 +/- 16% of diastole and
      lowered peak regurgitant flow velocities to 0.2 +/- 0.2 m/s (p less than 0.001
      for each). Three patients in group B had aortic valve insufficiency and 3 had
      pulmonic valve insufficiency like that in group A. Three persons in group C had
      mild pulmonic valve insufficiency. Thus, transient diastolic murmurs associated
      with pulmonic valve insufficiency are not uncommon in patients with renal
      failure; they are related to fluid overload, are diminished by extracellular
      fluid removal, and reflect correctable pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 4037557
TI  - Estimation of true calcium absorption.
AB  - Measurements of true calcium absorption fraction in women were evaluated to see
      how closely calculations based on a single measurement of serum specific activity
      after administration of an oral calcium tracer might approximate the absorption
      value derived from the full, double-isotope absorption procedure. True
      absorption, body size, and miscible pool turnover could together explain better
      than 93% of the variance in serum calcium specific activity values 5 hours after
      a tracer-labeled test meal. Because measurement of pool turnover is not available
      routinely, it was dropped from the model, and a predictor equation was developed
      that allowed estimation of true absorption from the 5-hour serum specific
      activity value, height, and weight. These variables explained 90.8% of the
      variance in the 5-hour values and gave estimates of true absorption with a 95%
      confidence interval of +/- 0.055. This small range of uncertainty makes the
      procedure useful in estimating absorption efficiency for calcium therapy in
      routine clinical practice.

PMID- 4037558
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy for inferior vena cava thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal
      hemoglobinuria.
AB  - Two patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria had increasing abdominal
      girth and ascites. The Budd-Chiari syndrome or inferior vena cava thrombosis was
      shown by angiography. After thrombolytic therapy, both patients improved, and
      thrombolysis was shown by radiography. Neither patient had induction of hemolysis
      secondary to these agents. These studies suggest that both streptokinase and
      urokinase are safe and effective in the treatment of intra-abdominal venous
      thromboses associated with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

PMID- 4037559
TI  - Information needs in office practice: are they being met?
AB  - We studied the self-reported information needs of 47 physicians during a half day
      of typical office practice. The physicians raised 269 questions about patient
      management. Questions related to all medical specialties and were highly specific
      to the individual patient's problem. Subspecialists most frequently asked
      questions related to other subspecialties. Only 30% of physicians' information
      needs were met during the patient visit, usually by another physician or other
      health professional. Reasons print sources were not used included the age of
      textbooks in the office, poor organization of journal articles, inadequate
      indexing of books and drug information sources, lack of knowledge of an
      appropriate source, and the time required to find the desired information. Better
      methods are needed to provide answers to questions that arise in office practice.

PMID- 4037561
TI  - An introduction to medical phenomenology: I can't hear you while I'm listening.
AB  - A great gulf exists between the way we think about disease as physicians and the
      way we experience it as people. Much of this separation derives directly from our
      basic assumptions about what illness is. Our medical world view is rooted in an
      anatomicopathologic view of disease that precludes a rigorous understanding of
      the experience of illness. What we need to remedy this problem is not just the
      admonition to remember that our patients are people, but a radical restructuring
      of what we take disease to be. The philosophic discipline of phenomenology is
      used to present a vision of disease that begins with an understanding of illness
      as it is lived. "Nonmedical" descriptions of illness show how we can reorient our
      thinking to encompass both our traditional paradigm and one that takes human
      experience as seriously as it takes anatomy.

PMID- 4037560
TI  - Consultation and referral between physicians in new medical practice
      environments.
AB  - The traditional exchange of medical expertise between physicians for patient
      benefit has been accomplished by referral. Physicians have traditionally decided
      when and to whom to refer patients. Health care "systems" now dominate medical
      practice, and their formats can alter spontaneous collegial interaction in
      referral. Institutional programs now pursue patient referrals as part of a
      marketing strategy to attract new patients who then become attached to the
      institution, rather than to a physician. Referral behavior can affect a
      physician's personal income in prepaid insurance programs where referrals are
      discouraged. The referring physician may bear legal liability for actions of the
      consultant. New practice arrangements and affiliations may place physicians in
      financial conflict-of-interest situations, challenge ethical commitments, and add
      new moral responsibility.

PMID- 4037563
TI  - Consultation and referral in new medical-practice environments: a gloomy outlook?

PMID- 4037562
TI  - Methotrexate treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4037564
TI  - Lithotripsy. Health and Public Policy Committee, American College of Physicians.

PMID- 4037565
TI  - Ranitidine and hepatitis.

PMID- 4037567
TI  - Venous access ports.

PMID- 4037566
TI  - Sclerosing cholangitis.

PMID- 4037569
TI  - Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 4037568
TI  - Erythromelalgia without arteriolar changes.

PMID- 4037571
TI  - Preventive medicine and residency training.

PMID- 4037570
TI  - Mastocytosis and the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome.

PMID- 4037572
TI  - Psyllium hypersensitivity, nurses, and geriatric units.

PMID- 4037573
TI  - Intravenous amrinone.

PMID- 4037574
TI  - Immune thrombocytopenia in narcotics addicts.

PMID- 4037575
TI  - Incision and drainage of soft-tissue abscesses and bacteremia.

PMID- 4037577
TI  - Thyroxine bioequivalency.

PMID- 4037576
TI  - Gentamicin and hypokalemia.

PMID- 4037578
TI  - [Anatomical distribution of colorectal carcinomas in relation to age and sex. Our
      cases].

PMID- 4037579
TI  - [Massive resections of the small intestine: methods and possibility of functional
      compensation].

PMID- 4037580
TI  - [Stress ulcers. Clinical study of patients recovering in an intensive care
      center].

PMID- 4037582
TI  - [Long-term results of subcutaneous bypass in aorto-iliac obstruction].

PMID- 4037581
TI  - [A case of aneurysm of the splenic artery associated with a gastric neoplasm].

PMID- 4037583
TI  - [Experimental study of anatomical or functional exclusion of the small intestine
      in swine].

PMID- 4037584
TI  - [A new quantitative approach to cutaneous aging].

PMID- 4037585
TI  - [Course of gonococcal arthritis: a retrospective study of 42 cases].
AB  - The authors report a retrospective study of the evolution os gonococcal arthritis
      after antibiotic therapy. The prognosis i-good but the speed of recovery depends
      on early treatment. Post-septic arthritis is common (13/42) and requires local
      treatment. The diagnosis of post-infective and/or reactive gonococcal arthritis
      is discussed.

PMID- 4037586
TI  - [Pneumopathies caused by hypersensitivity to amiodarone and associated
      nephropathies. Study by alveolar lavage].
AB  - Four cases of amiodarone-induced restrictive, hypoxaemic lung disease are
      described. The cumulative dosages of amiodarone were relatively low (30 to 100
      g). Alveolar lavage studies showed a lymphocytosis and study of the lymphocytic
      sub-populations showed an increase in the OKT8 group, and an inversion of the
      OKT4/OKT8 ratio. The outcome was favourable on withdrawal of amiodarone and
      steroid therapy. The immunological origin of this form of lung disease was
      confirmed. Two patients had renal failure; in the first case, hypercalcaemia,
      hyperphosphoremia and renal calcification were observed. The second patient had
      endo- and extracapillary glomerulonephritis with C3 deposits and circulating
      immune complexes. Renal failure regressed in both cases on withdrawal of
      amiodarone and with steroid therapy.

PMID- 4037587
TI  - [Toxicity of Glucantime. A case].
AB  - N-methylglucamine antimoniate (Glucantime) is used to treat visceral
      leishmaniasis but may give rise to serious and sometimes lethal complications:
      cardiac, hepatic, renal and haematological disease. These may be prevented by
      respecting the maximal suggested dosage of 6 cg/kg/day, regular clinical checks
      of pulse, blood pressure and temperature, biological follow-up of serum
      creatinin, transaminases and routine electrocardiography.

PMID- 4037588
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical conference. Hopital de la Pitie-Salpetriere. Case no. 3--1985.
      Anemia of recent onset in a 72-year-old woman].

PMID- 4037589
TI  - [A case of spinal cord sarcoidosis].

PMID- 4037590
TI  - [Blood hypereosinophilia with eosinophilic polyserositis and retroperitoneal
      fibrosis].

PMID- 4037591
TI  - [Wegener's disease of urologic and neurologic onset].

PMID- 4037592
TI  - [Alternative treatment for gastric stress ulcers: cimetidine or ranitidine?].

PMID- 4037593
TI  - [Prolegomena to a new stage in psychiatry].

PMID- 4037594
TI  - [Evaluation of anxiety and depression among patients hospitalized on an internal
      medicine service].

PMID- 4037595
TI  - [Cases of despair in a sectoral psychiatric practice].

PMID- 4037596
TI  - [Apropos of diagnostic difficulties in organic brain syndromes].

PMID- 4037597
TI  - A revisit: ocular hypertension, glaucoma suspect, preglaucoma, or glaucoma?

PMID- 4037598
TI  - Visual prognosis in pituitary tumors.
AB  - In a study of 15 patients with pituitary adenoma, preoperative and postoperative
      evaluation of peripapillary nerve fibers by red-free fundus examination showed
      that a good correlation exists between preoperative loss of peripapillary nerve
      fibers and the final visual outcome.

PMID- 4037599
TI  - Optic disk findings in hypervitaminosis A.
AB  - Three cases of papilledema secondary to chronic excessive vitamin A intake are
      presented, and the optic disk changes are documented with intravenous fluorescein
      angiography. Two of the three patients reported in this study were symptomatic
      with blurred vision and systemic complaints. The symptoms of blurred vision and
      systemic complaints disappeared within one week, and papilledema resolved over
      several months after discontinuance of vitamin A. The fluorescein angiographic
      changes observed in the optic disk of patients with hypervitaminosis A are
      similar to those associated with other known causes of papilledema. Since vitamin
      A is a nonprescription drug, and its indiscriminate use is potentially great, any
      history of vitamin ingestion should be elicited during the evaluation of
      papilledema.

PMID- 4037600
TI  - Biomicroscopic study of the vitreous in eyes with macular pucker after retinal
      detachment surgery.
AB  - The posterior vitreous condition of 43 eyes with macular pucker following retinal
      detachment surgery was studied using the El Bayadi-Kajiura preset lens mounted on
      a slit lamp. The posterior vitreous was found to be attached in one eye (2%),
      completely detached in 29 eyes (68%), and partially detached with residual
      vitreoretinal adhesion to the macular area in 13 eyes (30%). Macular pucker with
      partial posterior vitreous detachment was significantly more frequent (P less
      than .05) in eyes with refractive errors of -4 diopters or less. That condition
      was also accompanied by a higher incidence of dye leakage in the macular area by
      fluorescein angiography, a shorter time lapse between retinal detachment surgery
      and development of macular pucker, and a worse visual outcome than was found in
      eyes with complete posterior vitreous detachment.

PMID- 4037601
TI  - A mimic of the "exact diagnostic sign" of Foster Kennedy.
AB  - We observed a patient with bilateral nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy
      presenting with gradual loss of vision in the right eye and initially
      asymptomatic disk swelling in the left. This atypical picture may create
      diagnostic difficulty, since sudden visual loss, the major distinguishing feature
      between Foster Kennedy's original syndrome and "pseudo-Foster Kennedy syndrome"
      of ischemic optic neuropathy, is lacking.

PMID- 4037602
TI  - Zinc and copper metabolism in patients with senile macular degeneration.
AB  - Abnormal zinc and copper metabolism has been described in some retinal disorders
      affecting the retinal pigment epithelium. Anatomic and functional studies in
      patients with senile macular degeneration show changes in this retinal layer. We
      examined the blood and urine of two groups of patients, one consisting of
      patients with senile macular degeneration and the other a control group, for zinc
      and copper in serum and urine. In the former group we found elevated values of
      serum zinc and serum copper that were highly significant when compared with the
      control group. The significance of these findings and their connection to the
      retinal pigment epithelium is discussed.

PMID- 4037603
TI  - Reversible monocular cataract simulating amaurosis fugax.
AB  - In a patient having brittle, juvenile-onset diabetes, transient monocular visual
      loss occurred repeatedly whenever there were wide fluctuations in serum glucose.
      Amaurosis fugax was suspected. The visual loss differed, however, in that it
      persisted over a period of hours to several days. Direct observation eventually
      revealed that the relatively sudden change in vision of one eye was associated
      with opacification of the lens and was not accompanied by an afferent pupillary
      defect. Presumably, a hyperosmotic gradient had developed with the accumulation
      of glucose and sorbitol within the lens. Water was drawn inward, altering the
      composition of the lens fibers and thereby lowering the refractive index, forming
      a reversible cataract. Hypoglycemia is also hypothesized to have played a role in
      the formation of a higher osmotic gradient. The unilaterality of the cataract is
      attributed to variation in the permeability of asymmetric posterior subcapsular
      cataracts.

PMID- 4037604
TI  - Prescribing spectacles for anophthalmic patients.
AB  - Clinical situations exist where socket reconstruction after enucleation is
      incomplete and additional surgery is contraindicated. The resultant cosmetic
      disfigurement may have a profound effect on the patient. An illustrative case is
      presented. Available methods of anophthalmic camouflage are reviewed, and a
      relatively inexpensive technique is described that relies on optical cosmesis to
      give the patient a natural and symmetric appearance.

PMID- 4037605
TI  - Surgical treatment of dislocated iris-plane intraocular lenses.
AB  - This report describes a patient with a Binkhorst four-loop intraocular lens
      dislocated in the vitreous. The implant was repositioned by means of a
      combination of the Barraquer-Chowdhury needle-fixation method with a McCannel
      suture. The pupil was maximally dilated, and the patient was placed in the prone
      position. When the implant drifted into the anterior chamber, it was anchored
      with a 25-gauge spinal needle through the limbus. It was then refixated to the
      iris with a 10-0 prolene suture.

PMID- 4037606
TI  - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory: comparison of patients accepting and
      rejecting myopia surgery.
AB  - The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was administered to 36
      consecutive patients presenting to one surgeon as candidates for myopia surgery.
      Twenty-one patients proceeded to surgery, and 15 did not. The patients in this
      series were mature, nonaggressive persons whose basic and clinical MMPI scale
      values were generally within normal limits. No significant differences were found
      between the group that underwent surgery and the group that did not. In the group
      that underwent surgery, no personality characteristics were found to be
      associated with either a good or a poor surgical result. To our knowledge, this
      is the first report of the use of the MMPI to objectively evaluate personality
      characteristics of candidates for myopia surgery.

PMID- 4037607
TI  - [Evaluation of public health services by 805 women who had delivered in a Brianza
      hospital].

PMID- 4037608
TI  - [Experiences at the hospital on the occasion of childbirth. Analysis of
      subjective experiences of 846 puerperants in a hospital in Northwestern
      Lombardy].

PMID- 4037609
TI  - [Diagnostic reliability of the endometrial swab in the detection of preneoplastic
      and neoplastic lesions of the endometrium].

PMID- 4037610
TI  - [Epidermoid cysts of the ovary].

PMID- 4037611
TI  - [Obstetric-gynecologic day hospital: analgesia for voluntary interruption of
      pregnancy].

PMID- 4037612
TI  - [Intra-arterial chemotherapy of ORL tumors. 10 years' experience in the Antoine
      Lacassagne Center].
AB  - One hundred and two patients with malpighian epithelioma of ORL origin were
      treated with intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) as initial therapy, followed by
      either surgery, radiotherapy or a combination of the two. Regression in tumor
      size of more than 50% was noted in 46% of cases, the introduction of cisplatin
      into the multiple system chemotherapy providing a response in 71% of the 42
      patients treated in this way. A response to induction IAC is a factor of good
      prognosis as shown by the improvement in level of local and regional extensions
      and the probability rate of survival in responders. Technical and methodologic
      progress has made IAC a simple and effective procedure, and its place in the
      treatment of epitheliomas of head and neck should be established more precisely.

PMID- 4037613
TI  - [Retrospective study of the treatment of piriform sinus cancers. Apropos of 97
      cases].
AB  - Results of a retrospective analysis of case-reports of 97 patients treated for
      piriform sinus cancer showed a high frequency of large tumors and adenopathies
      providing an explanation for the very poor prognosis of these cancers. Therapy of
      choice for T1-T2 tumors is still radiotherapy. However, recently obtained results
      and data from the literature demonstrate the increased benefits of partial
      surgery with monoblock curettage followed by radiotherapy in cases with an
      ulcerous tumor, a mobile larynx and adenopathy of 3 cm or more. For T3-T4 cases
      the best treatment is by total pharyngolaryngectomy and postoperative
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 4037614
TI  - [Cervical adenopathies in relation to AIDS. Course of histological aspects.
      Diagnostic and prognostic value].
AB  - Histopathologic appearances of lymph nodes during acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) and related conditions are analyzed, with emphasis on the
      diagnostic and prognostic value of cervical gland biopsy at the lymphadenopathic
      stage. Details are given of the characteristics of the follicular hyperplasia of
      the lymph nodes (type I), which appears to be the initial lesion and is possibly
      regressive, and emphasis placed on the poor prognostic significance of the
      hyperplasia simulating a Castleman syndrome and of the forms simulating an
      angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (type II). Findings suggest that the
      appearance, in a still hyperplastic lymph nodes, of foci of pseudo
      angioimmunoblastic homogenization, of fibroedema with lymphoid depletion or
      conjunctival vascular proliferation may be the initial sign of a course towards
      the glandular atrophy (type III) or Kaposi's sarcoma which are the attribute of
      confirmed AIDS.

PMID- 4037615
TI  - [Translation esophageal flap in the repair of traumatic stenosis of the
      hypopharynx].
AB  - A surgical technique is proposed which makes use of a cervical esophageal flap to
      repair a hypopharyngeal stenosis from traumatic intubation. The technique is also
      applicable for identical stenosis of caustic or traumatic origin, other
      procedures described in the literature being suitable only for more extensive or
      more limited lesions. This simply performed technique provides important mucosal
      gains in the piriform sinus region and a satisfactory hypopharyngeal line.

PMID- 4037617
TI  - [Total "pharyngoplastia vera" with the colon in caustic pharyngo-laryngeal
      stenoses].
AB  - An original procedure for pharyngeal reconstruction with colon in
      pharyngolaryngeal stenosis due to chemical burns has been named "pharyngoplasty
      vera" by the authors, since the 3 walls of the pharynx are reconstituted by
      lining it with visceral material. This is in contradiction with previously used
      techniques in which the graft caps the pharyngostomy produced by resection of
      scar tissue (pharyngovisceral anastomosis). The procedure generally respects the
      principles of conventional cutaneous pharyngoplasty--similar approach,
      extirpation of scar tissue, epiglotto plasty, conservation of constrictor muscles
      and above all, solid attachment of visceral material to the latter, and finally
      suture of the colon at the base of tongue and closure of pharynx. The method was
      used in a patient who regained deglutition rapidly, but the insufficient glottic
      space did not allow reopening of the canal.

PMID- 4037616
TI  - [Partial pharyngo-laryngectomy with subtotal esophagectomy and 1-stage
      coloplasty].
AB  - A patient with cancer of both the hypopharynx and esophagus was treated by
      partial pharyngolaryngectomy, subtotal esophagectomy and a reconstructive one
      stage coloplasty. Surgical and carcinologic problems raised by this technique are
      discussed.

PMID- 4037618
TI  - [Myringoplasty in children].
AB  - An anatomical success rate of 81% was obtained in 150 children 2 to 15 years of
      age operated upon by myringoplasty in the hospital Bretonneau, Paris between 1977
      and 1984. Results were unrelated to age the season or the condition of the
      mucosa. Adverse factors were a previous history of a transtympanic aerator, a
      velar cleft or bilateral perforations. Mean functional gain after 1 year was 14
      dB. It was not related to age or the technique used.

PMID- 4037619
TI  - [Congenital esophagotracheal fistulas without esophageal atresia in children].
AB  - Ten cases are reported of children presenting isolated, congenital
      esophagotracheal fistulae without esophageal atresia, or "H-type-fistula" of
      Anglo-Saxon authors. The malformation is rare, of difficult diagnosis and often
      associated with other malformations. Respiratory symptomatology is sometimes
      dramatic, but diagnosis is based on data from radiologic imaging of the esophagus
      and from esophageal and tracheobronchial endoscopy. Treatment is surgical by a
      cervicotomy approach due to the almost constant high localization of the lesion.

PMID- 4037620
TI  - [Audition and information theory: application to cochlear analysis].
AB  - Application of the general theory of information and of communication to auditory
      function enables the internal ear to be assimilated to a digital-analog converter
      capable of coding the continuous acoustic signal into discontinuous, impulsional
      type nervous signals. In this model, the ear selects spatio temporal samples of
      membranous acoustic forms, discrimination of intensity devolving upon the
      external ciliated system and that of the height upon the internal ciliated
      system. It allows simple correlation of apparently paradoxical psycho-acoustic
      phenomena with objective acoustic or histopathological data.

PMID- 4037621
TI  - [Deafness and autoimmunity].
AB  - The etiology of a perception deafness cannot be determined in most cases. The
      autoimmune origin of some of them appears now to be increasingly possible,
      particularly when they form part of a disease affecting multiple systems. Three
      cases of this type are presented in an attempt, by analogy, to define the
      pathogenicity and criteria of the isolated "dysimmune" audiovestibular
      manifestations.

PMID- 4037622
TI  - [Changes in IgA levels in nasal mucus after upper respiratory tract diseases in
      infants treated with carbocysteine].
AB  - The authors have studied IgA level in nasal mucus of children, either not treated
      controls, or treated with carbocysteine. All had common rhinobronchial diseases.
      They have noted a significant increase in IgA level in the treated group, from
      the 7th day.

PMID- 4037623
TI  - [A case of primary melanoma of the nasal fossae].
AB  - Primary malignant melanoma of upper respiratory and digestive pathways are rare
      rand reputedly more serious than those occurring on the skin. Treatment is
      usually by surgery with or without combined radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. A
      case of primary malignant melanoma of the nasal fossae is reported and diagnostic
      and therapeutic difficulties discussed.

PMID- 4037624
TI  - [Traumatic deafness with a surprise. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4037625
TI  - [Decompression of the facial nerve for frigorific paralysis 25 years previously,
      with clinical and electrical recovery of the motor function of the nerve].

PMID- 4037626
TI  - [Toton, a new total prosthesis for replacement of the ossicle chain].
AB  - After 4 years of use a new total prosthesis is proposed for replacement of the
      auditory ossicles, that is perfectly biocompatible since it is composed partly of
      the fresh autologous cartilage, which will be in contact with the drum and partly
      of teflon, which will be in contact with the foot of stapes. Results of a study
      in 44 patients, with follow up of more than 4 years in some cases, have shown:
      recovery of from 50 to 91% of audition in 61% and from 30 to 49% in 25% of cases,
      and lack of recovery in 13%. The Toton should resolve the problem of
      biocompatibility, a very controversial subject, and provide a solution to
      functional rehabilitation of empty cavities.

PMID- 4037627
TI  - [Early congenital syphilis: apropos of 5 cases].
AB  - Congenital syphilis has in large part disappeared in countries where antiveneral
      legislations and preventive measures are well developed. In France, although
      there is no declaration of congenital syphilis between 1971 and 1983 in the
      official statistics of the Paris region, congenital syphilis is nevertheless
      mentioned as sporadic cases. The authors report here five cases of precocious
      congenital syphilis collected from august 1981 to december 1982 by a department
      of antiveneral consultations in the Paris region.

PMID- 4037628
TI  - [Primary tuberculous chancre of the penis with cutaneous verrucous
      dissemination].

PMID- 4037630
TI  - Parathyroid carcinoma: pointers to successful management.
AB  - Five patients with parathyroid carcinoma are reported. In the first case the
      clinical and histological features of malignancy at initial surgery were not
      recognised and recurrence of the tumour occurred within two years. Referring to
      previously published series this sequence appeared to be typical and underlined
      the likely reasons for the poor prognosis of this rare tumour. A review of the
      diagnostic criteria to improve early diagnosis was undertaken and a treatment
      protocol drawn up. It was based on a more radical surgical extirpation to include
      the tumour bed together with postoperative radiotherapy. Four further cases have
      subsequently been identified, treated according to the protocol and at 16 to 49
      months' follow up, show no sign of recurrence and have a normal serum calcium.

PMID- 4037629
TI  - A quantitative assessment of results with the Angelchik prosthesis.
AB  - The Angelchik antireflux prosthesis was assessed in 15 unpromising patients, 12
      of whom had peptic strictures of the oesophagus. Radiological techniques were
      used to show the effect of the device on gastro-oesophageal reflux, and on the
      bore and length of strictures. Twelve months later (range 6-24) most patients
      were well satisfied with the operation, and all considered it had been
      worthwhile; there was radiological evidence of reduction in reflux and remission
      of strictures. The device never surrounded the oesophageal sphincter; in all but
      1 case it encircled a tube of stomach.

PMID- 4037631
TI  - Povidone-iodine bowel irrigation before resection of colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - Preoperative mechanical bowel preparation, peroperative topical antiseptic
      measures, and postoperative antibiotic therapy have all been shown to reduce
      infection after colorectal surgery. We report the results of a randomised trial
      of preoperative irrigation with a 10% aqueous solution of povidone-iodine
      (Betadine) versus water in patients undergoing major resection for large bowel
      carcinoma. All patients had mechanical bowel preparation, preoperative topical
      povidone-iodine and per and postoperative antibiotics. Of 22 study patients only
      one (4.6%) developed abdominal wound infection, whereas in 23 controls nine
      (39.1%) did so (P less than 0.01). In three of the study patients cultures of
      swabs taken at operation from the transected bowel ends showed no bacterial
      growth. Arguably the bacterial population would have been markedly reduced in
      other patients. These results suggest that povidone-iodine irrigation before
      large bowel resection reduces wound sepsis.

PMID- 4037632
TI  - Relief of dysphagia in motor neurone disease with cricopharyngeal myotomy.
AB  - The results of cricopharyngeal myotomy in 31 patients with dysphagia caused by
      motor neurone disease are reported. Two had an excellent result, 8 a good result,
      11 moderate relief of dysphagia while 4 did not benefit at all. There were 6
      postoperative deaths. It is suggested that the operation is of benefit to the
      majority of patients with motor neurone disease but should be performed early in
      the course of the disease in order to reduce mortality and morbidity.

PMID- 4037634
TI  - An anatomical curiosity.

PMID- 4037633
TI  - The association between lowest palpable pulse and wound healing in below knee
      amputations.
AB  - A retrospective study of 191 patients undergoing 203 Burgess type below knee
      amputations for end-stage peripheral vascular disease showed that the only
      clinical feature which associated significantly with wound healing was the lowest
      palpable pulse. The pulse level was noted preoperatively and was compared with
      the healing rates in the amputation stumps. When the femoral pulse was absent,
      79% of below knee amputations failed. When the femoral pulse was palpable, only
      29% wound breakdown occurred. When the popliteal or more distal pulses were
      palpable, only 10% failure was recorded.

PMID- 4037635
TI  - The behaviour of presternal scars in a fair-skinned population.
AB  - The incidence of keloid and hypertrophic change and of scar stretching in the
      presternal region were studied in a fair-skinned population following open heart
      surgery through a median sternotomy incision. No patient in this study developed
      keloid change although scar hypertrophy and stretching were frequent. These
      changes were unrelated to the material used in subcuticular suture of the skin in
      a comparison of catgut, prolene and polyglycolic acid. Hitherto, unrecognised
      differences of scar maturation between different areas of the presternal skin
      were noted to be statistically significant. Scar hypertrophy is most likely in
      that part of the scar overlying the body of the sternum and particularly in the
      female. Scar stretching occurs most frequently in the lower third of the scar
      overlying the xiphisternum and extending onto the abdomen.

PMID- 4037636
TI  - Girth measurement is not a reliable investigation for the detection of intra
      abdominal fluid.
AB  - Routine measurement of abdominal girth after suspected trauma is still
      recommended as a predictor of intraperitoneal bleeding but there is little
      evidence to support its accuracy. Girth measurements were taken on 12 recumbent
      adult patients by independent observers and repeated after infusion of 550 ml
      aliquots of dialysate to a maximum of 2000 ml. Girth increase per 500 ml infusion
      varied from -0.46 cm to 2.1 cm (mean 0.84 +/- 0.65 SD) giving a range in excess
      of 2.5 cm. In some cases the girth decreased after a further 500 ml infusion. A
      change in patient position altered the girth at a constant volume by 1.32 cm (+/-
      0.75 SD). Observer error was low at 0.33 cm (+/- 0.35 SD). These results preclude
      girth as a reliable clinical indicator of intraperitoneal haemorrhage.

PMID- 4037637
TI  - Simple mastectomy under local anaesthesia.
AB  - Nine patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the breast underwent simple
      mastectomy under regional anaesthesia (1% lignocaine and 1:100,000 adrenaline).
      Preoperative sedation was provided by oral lorazepam. There were no technical
      problems, evidence of lignocaine toxicity or excessive operative blood loss and
      no wounds became infected.

PMID- 4037638
TI  - Use of the Limberg flap to close breast wounds after partial mastectomy.
AB  - Early experience using a rhomboid flap to reconstruct the breast after partial
      mastectomy and axillary clearance of glands is encouraging. This operation has
      been used in 7 cases to reconstruct breasts after partial mastectomy and axillary
      clearance of glands and has given a good cosmetic result.

PMID- 4037639
TI  - Caecal volvulus: a method of management.
AB  - A case of caecal volvulus treated by derotation and ileostomy-in-situ is
      described. This operation is commended for caecal volvulus in cases where the
      intestine remains viable.

PMID- 4037640
TI  - Femoral herniae in children.
AB  - A series of 12 femoral herniae in children is presented. Nine were misdiagnosed,
      eight as inguinal hernia. Nine were reducible. The sex incidence, M:F was 7:5 and
      nine presented between the ages of 8 and 10 years. One presented as intestinal
      obstruction due to a Richter's hernia and two had had a previous ipsilateral
      inguinal hernia repaired. All but one were repaired by herniorrhaphy.

PMID- 4037641
TI  - Pulmonary implications of resuscitative manoeuvres.

PMID- 4037642
TI  - Caudal morphine for pain relief following anal surgery.
AB  - A prospective randomised trial was conducted to evaluate caudal morphine for pain
      relief following anal surgery. Thirty-three male patients were divided into two
      groups. Group I (17 patients) were given morphine 10 mg in saline 25 ml injected
      into the caudal epidural space at the end of surgery. Group II (16 patients) were
      given intramuscular morphine 10 mg on request in the postoperative period. Pain
      was assessed at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery using the linear analogue of
      pain score. There was significant pain relief in Group I compared with Group II.
      There was no instance of respiratory depression in patients of either group. In
      Group I, five patients suffered urinary retention and three patients transient
      pruritus.

PMID- 4037643
TI  - The use of a microcomputer for inpatient audit in an orthopaedic department.
AB  - A microcomputer has been used to assist in the inpatient audit of an orthopaedic
      unit in a district general hospital. The aims were to provide a more detailed,
      accurate audit, more rapidly than previous manual methods had allowed. The
      clinical details of 609 patients treated over a 9-month period were fed into the
      computer and various statistical analyses performed. The results of the audit are
      presented. The extent to which our aims have been achieved is discussed together
      with the specific problems encountered with computer hardware, software and
      organisation of the system.

PMID- 4037644
TI  - Long-term venous access using a subcutaneous implantable drug delivery system.
AB  - To facilitate long-term venous access in patients receiving chemotherapy, a
      subcutaneous totally implantable system (Port-a-Cath, Phamacia) has been used in
      14 patients. The method of implantation and the advantages over conventional
      central venous catheters are discussed. The expense of the system necessitates
      careful patient selection.

PMID- 4037645
TI  - Comparison of early and late closure of transverse loop colostomies.

PMID- 4037646
TI  - The efficacy of agents employed to prevent anastomotic recurrence in colorectal
      carcinoma.

PMID- 4037647
TI  - Inguinal hernia repair using local anaesthesia.

PMID- 4037648
TI  - Primary suture of the perineal wound using constant suction and irrigation,
      following rectal excision for inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 4037649
TI  - Treatment of oesophageal perforation by intubation.

PMID- 4037650
TI  - A system for long term perfusion of arterial cannulae.

PMID- 4037651
TI  - Silastic foam dressing: an appraisal.

PMID- 4037652
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4037653
TI  - [Current role of Latarjet's operation in the treatment of recurrent luxations and
      anterior instabilities of the shoulder].

PMID- 4037654
TI  - [Peroperative peritoneal lavage in peritonitis of appendicular origin in
      children. Apropos of 50 cases].

PMID- 4037655
TI  - [Intentional temporary duodenostomy in gastroduodenal surgery. Apropos of 16
      cases].

PMID- 4037656
TI  - [Treatment of inguinal hernia without opening the peritoneum in ascitic
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 4037657
TI  - [Mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas: an entity not to be underrated. Review of
      the literature apropos of a case].

PMID- 4037658
TI  - [Total gastroduodenal necrosis caused by acute postoperative pancreatitis.
      Temporary choledochostomy. Recovery].

PMID- 4037659
TI  - [Pseudotumoral form of hepatic tuberculosis. Review of the recent literature.
      Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4037660
TI  - [Congenital dilatation of the liver and common bile duct. Apropos of a case in an
      adult].

PMID- 4037661
TI  - [Complicated esophagectomy. Therapeutic possibilities].

PMID- 4037662
TI  - [A case of retroperitoneal tumor (leiomyosarcoma) simulating a kidney tumor].

PMID- 4037663
TI  - Determination of aluminium in serum: findings of an external quality assessment
      scheme.
AB  - The analytical performance of laboratories participating in the serum aluminium
      programme of the Guildford Trace Element Quality Assessment Scheme has been
      evaluated. The considerable disparity between reported results was not
      attributable to the nature of the samples distributed, nor to the standard
      aluminium solutions used in different laboratories. All laboratories used
      electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry but sample preparation procedures
      and temperature programmes varied enormously. While some laboratories performed
      better than others in the scheme, and the standard of analysis appears to be
      improving with time, no laboratory showed consistent acceptable performance.

PMID- 4037664
TI  - The determination of glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin in a non-diabetic
      Zimbabwean African population.
AB  - Reference intervals for plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin A1 (HbA1)
      have been established in a Zimbabwean population aged 19-65 years. The subjects
      were a volunteer group of 777 people (440 male and 337 female). There was no
      significant difference in the glucose levels between men and women and the range
      was 2.58-5.62 mmol/L. There was, however, a significant difference in the HbA1
      levels between men and women (P less than 0.001); the ranges found were: men,
      4.86-9.78%; women, 4.30-8.22%. On comparison between HbA1 in the Zimbabwean
      population and published results a statistically significant difference was
      observed (P greater than 0.002). This study highlights the importance of
      determining reference intervals for each sex and ethnic group.

PMID- 4037665
TI  - High electroendosmotic agarose electrophoresis and nitrocellulose immobilisation
      for the detection of oligoclonal bands in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - A sensitive (1 microL of unconcentrated sample), specific (IgG Fc) and economical
      (10 p/test) method for the detection of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid
      is presented. Using commonly available technology (agarose gel electrophoresis)
      and giving results within 6 h, the approach used here is a powerful tool in the
      investigation of immunoglobulin abnormalities in many biological fluids.

PMID- 4037666
TI  - Changes of methodology and their potential effects on data banks for drug effects
      on clinical laboratory tests.
AB  - Some of the implications of method changes on data banks-for the effects of drugs
      on clinical laboratory tests are discussed. Using data from Wellcome Clinical
      Chemistry Quality Control Programmes, separated by a period of ten years,
      significant changes of methodology used by participants are illustrated. These
      changes are related to a recognised listing of drug effects in clinical chemistry
      tests available in 1975. It is suggested that information from external quality
      assessment schemes is used periodically to review the relevance of data in
      relation to major changes of methodology.

PMID- 4037667
TI  - Dried blood spot test estimation of urea.
AB  - The analysis of urea in serum and whole blood samples dried onto filter paper has
      been investigated. In both cases the sample volume is not critical nor is the
      volume of sample applied to the filter paper if sample discs of consistent
      dimensions can be punched from the dried paper. The method must be calibrated by
      a serum-based material not an aqueous standard, presumably because of a matrix
      effect. A coefficient of variation of approximately 6% has been achieved over a
      wide range of urea concentration and the method has been shown to correlate well
      with a standard laboratory procedure. The technique has a particular application
      to neonatal capillary samples.

PMID- 4037669
TI  - Cytidine deaminase--a marker for pre-eclampsia?
AB  - Cytidine deaminase (cytidine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.5) was measured in blood
      collected for routine antenatal monitoring from 590 unselected pregnant women.
      The enzyme measurements were made without prior knowledge of the clinical
      condition of the patients. Increased activity of cytidine deaminase was found in
      42.9% of patients with severe pre-eclampsia, 9.1% of patients with mild pre
      eclampsia and in 8.6% of normal pregnancies. These results show a poor
      correlation of elevated cytidine deaminase activity with pre-eclampsia and a
      significant false positive elevation of the enzyme activity in normal
      pregnancies.

PMID- 4037668
TI  - Continuous-flow assay for urinary oxalate using immobilised oxalate oxidase.
AB  - A continuous-flow assay for measuring oxalate in urine is described. Covalently
      attached oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) is used to oxidize the oxalate anion to
      carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. The formed hydrogen peroxide is measured
      colorimetrically (A580) with an established reaction using horseradish peroxidase
      (EC 1.11.17), 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) and 3
      dimethylaminobenzoic acid (DMAB). Ascorbate interference is eliminated by
      treating the urine sample with sodium nitrite prior to assaying. The assay is
      accurate (mean recovery of added oxalate in spiked urine sample is 93 +/- 11%),
      sensitive (detection limit 1.0 mumol/L), reproducible (within-batch CV 3.5%;
      between-batch CV 5%) and relatively rapid (15 samples/h). This assay correlates
      well (R = 0.99) with another established enzymatic method (using oxalate
      decarboxylase).

PMID- 4037670
TI  - Changes in erythrocyte transketolase activity and the thiamine pyrophosphate
      effect during storage of blood.
AB  - Whole blood and washed erythrocytes from nutritionally normal and abnormal
      elderly patients were stored at room temperature, 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C
      for up to 14 days. In both groups, and under all storage conditions, the
      erythrocyte transketolase (ETK) activity and the thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
      effect decreased with time of storage. The ETK activity for specimens stored at 
      20 degrees C decreased significantly by day 14 (P less than 0.05). The TPP effect
      in specimens stored at -20 degrees C decreased significantly in the nutritionally
      abnormal group at 4 days (P less than 0.05) and in the nutritionally normal group
      by day 14 (P less than 0.05). These significant changes in ETK activity and TPP
      effect with storage can lead to misleading interpretation of thiamine nutritional
      status.

PMID- 4037671
TI  - Deming's regression analysis in method comparison studies.

PMID- 4037672
TI  - The value of CEA measurement in clinical practice.

PMID- 4037673
TI  - Frequency, multiplicity and repertoire of intestinal protozoa in healthy
      homosexual men and in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.
AB  - Various conventional parasitological methods were used to study three faecal
      samples from 153 homosexual men and 119 patients with abdominal symptoms. In
      59.5% of the homosexual men 198 protozoa were identified, and in 31.9% of the
      patients the number of protozoa was 51. Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia were
      more frequent in the patients, while various amoebae were more frequent in the
      homosexual men. The frequency, multiplicity and repertoire of intestinal protozoa
      in the homosexual men were very similar to those reported from other parts of the
      world, but quite different from those associated with gastrointestinal illness in
      the local general population.

PMID- 4037674
TI  - A prospective study of Chlamydia trachomatis in first trimester abortion.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 34 (17.9%) of 190 unselected women
      applying for first trimester abortion and from 27 (15.9%) of the 170 women who
      actually had the operation. C. trachomatis was more common among the younger
      women. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from 3 (1.6%) of 190 women. Culture
      positive patients and partners were given antibiotic treatment for 10 days,
      usually postoperatively. Early postoperative genital infection developed in 2
      (7.4%) of the 27 chlamydia-positive and in 3 (2.0%) of the 143 chlamydia-negative
      women. There were no late infections. The antibiotic treatment significantly
      reduced the rate of postoperative pelvic inflammatory disease. At examination
      after 4-7 weeks all cultures were negative. Significantly more women with
      chlamydia-positive cultures were sero-positive preoperatively: with a
      microimmunofluorescence method, IgG titres greater than or equal to 1:160 were
      found in 74.1% of culture positive and in 47.6% of culture negative patients (p =
      0.01). However, serological IgG screening does not identify individual high risk
      patients and so is of little clinical use in this context. We recommend
      preoperative screening for C. trachomatis in all women requesting an abortion and
      10 days antibiotic treatment for all carriers.

PMID- 4037675
TI  - Biological false positives to serological tests for syphilis in herpes genitalis.
AB  - A survey was made of 17 patients (4 females and 13 males) with herpes genitalis
      who, during period 1971-84, developed biological false positive serological tests
      for syphilis. Of 121 patients with herpes genitalis diagnosed by herpes culture
      in 1982-84, 4.1% developed biologically false positive reaction. Duration of
      symptoms before biologically false positive reaction was 12 days. Duration of
      false positive reaction was on average 32 days. Eight had borderline reactions, 7
      uneven positive titers and 2 serological patterns simulating secondary syphilis.

PMID- 4037677
TI  - Diabetes and diabetology in Singapore.

PMID- 4037676
TI  - Diagnosis of reflux esophagitis. With special reference to double contrast
      radiography.
AB  - The correlation between radiography, endoscopy, and histology in the diagnosis of
      reflux esophagitis, as well as the effect of glucagon on double contrast
      radiography was studied. The material consisted of 220 out-patients sent to the
      Oulu University Central Hospital for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. 109 of
      these were shown to have reflux esophagitis at endoscopy, the other 111 formed a
      control group with normal esophageal mucosa. Radiologic examinations were
      performed after endoscopy on the same day by a radiologist, who knew neither the
      clinical history of the patients nor the findings at endoscopy. Using endoscopy
      as a reference, 56% (28/50) of the patients with grade E I reflux esophagitis
      (erythema, oedema) were diagnosed correctly by double contrast radiography. The
      corresponding figures concerning grade E II (erosions), grade E III (localized
      deformity, ulcer), and grade E IV (stricture) reflux esophagitis were 84%
      (41/49), 100% (4/4), and 100% (6/6). False positive findings were found in 4.5%
      (5/111). The sensitivity of double contrast radiography as compared to endoscopy
      in all grades was 73%, its specificity was 96%, and accuracy 84%. The
      corresponding figures, when only grades E II, E III, and E IV are considered,
      were 86%, 96%, and 92%. In double contrast radiography, signs sometimes visible
      in grade E I reflux esophagitis were thick mucosal folds and mucosal granularity.
      Reliable signs of grade E II reflux esophagitis were streaks and dots of barium
      against the mucosa either alone or together with thick mucosal folds and mucosal
      granularity. Specific signs of grade E III and E IV reflux esophagitis were-
      along with the above--localized deformities, ulcers, and strictures. A hiatus
      hernia or wide hiatus was detected radiologically in 2/3 of the reflux
      esophagitis patients, and in 1/3 of the controls. Histologic findings correlated
      poorly with both endoscopic and radiologic findings. Single contrast radiography
      was less sensitive than double contrast radiography in detection of superficial
      mucosal lesions. Glucagon had no advantagous effect on esophageal double contrast
      radiography. Its use, however, in connection with double contrast radiography of
      the stomach is unlikely to have any disadvantagous effect on the evaluation of
      the hiatus and gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 4037678
TI  - A comparative study of three methods of glycosylated haemoglobin measurements.
AB  - This report summarizes our experience with 3 methods of glycosylated haemoglobin
      (HbA1) determinations. Glycosylated haemoglobin levels were determined using
      microcolumn chromatography (Boehringer Mannheim), agar gel electrophoresis
      (Corning GlytracTM) and colorimetry. The HbA1 values for 40 normal controls using
      chromatography, electrophoresis and colorimetry were 7.31 +/- 0.67 (+/- 1 S.D.),
      7.98 +/- 0.81 and 8.54 +/- 1.09% respectively. The intra-assay coefficients of
      variation were 3.3, 4.5 and 2.0% respectively. There were also good correlations
      among the 3 methods of HbA1 measurements: electrophoresis vs chromatography, r =
      0.91 (p less than 0.001) and electrophoresis vs colorimetry, r = 0.84 (p less
      than 0.001). Similarly, all 3 methods correlated well with the fasting and mean
      grouped blood glucose values (p less than 0.001). The chromatographic method is
      precise and well suited for small sample analysis. The colorimetric method,
      although the least expensive is labour intensive, suitable only for large batch
      analysis and in situations where results are not required immediately. The
      electrophoresis method is also precise, the least labour intensive and well
      suited for small and large volume laboratories. This study showed that since all
      3 methods demonstrated similar precision and good correlation with fasting and
      grouped blood glucose values, the method of choice will depend on the
      requirements and support facilities of the individual laboratories.

PMID- 4037680
TI  - The variation of glucose tolerance in a multi racial population.
AB  - The pattern of plasma and urine sugar changes after 50g glucose load in 1900
      Malaysians (522 males and 1378 females) consisting predominantly of Malays,
      Chinese and Indians were studied. The data were analysed using Statistical
      Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show bimodal distribution of 120
      min. plasma sugar values in the age groups 21 years and above and trimodal
      distribution in most groups above 40 years. The mean 120 minutes plasma sugar cut
      off values for nondiabetics (ND), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetics
      (DM) of 8.4 and 11.1 mmol/l respectively were close to the values recommended by
      the National Diabetic Data Group (NDDG). Fifty two percent of all subjects showed
      peaked plasma sugar values at 60 minutes (14% of them had IGT, 12% DM), 25%
      peaked at 30 minutes (98% of them were ND). The rest showed peaked values at 90
      minutes (17%), 120 minutes (4%) and 150 minutes (2%) and from this group forty
      two percent were DM and 23% had IGT. Reliance on urine sugar qualitative tests
      could misclassify 7.3% of subjects (predominantly elderly females) with
      hyperglycaemia of greater than 11 mmol/l. This study shows that in the 50 g
      glucose tolerance test, the NDDG criteria for ND, IGT, DM is still applicable to
      the Malaysian population. The sampling time could be reduced to four points at 0,
      60, 90, and 120 minutes. Blood analysis is the preferred method for the diagnosis
      of hyperglycaemia in elderly females.

PMID- 4037679
TI  - Fast fraction haemoglobin (HbA1) in the assessment of diabetes control.
AB  - The degree of control of 132 diabetic patients was assessed using historical
      data, urine glucose and blood glucose measurements. These were then related to
      HbA1, taken as the final arbiter of glycaemic control. Symptoms of hyperglycaemia
      and glycosuria were found to be not sensitive or specific indices of control,
      though symptomatic glycosuric patients tended to have higher HbA1. Fasting blood
      glucose correlated modestly with HbA1 (r = 0.60, p less than 0.001) but if used
      alone to determine degree of control, 21% and 9% of patients could be expected to
      be over or under assessed respectively. The assessment value of timed post
      breakfast blood glucose applied only to 120 and 150 minutes post-breakfast blood
      glucose as they correlated well with HbA1 (r = 0.73, p less than 0.001 and r =
      0.96, p less than 0.001 respectively). Clinically impression of degree of control
      based on a combination of historical data, urine glucose and blood glucose led to
      "undertreatment" in 41% and "overtreatment" in 27% of patients. The complementary
      value of a knowledge of HbA1 was thus highlighted.

PMID- 4037681
TI  - Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Singapore: comparison with other ASEAN
      countries.
AB  - Singapore is a tropical island city-state with a population of 2.4178 million
      consisting of Chinese (76.7%), Malays (14.7%), Indians (6.4%) and other races
      (2.2%). A diabetic survey of the adult population, aged 15 years and above,
      carried out in 1975, shows that the prevalence of diabetes is 1.99%; it is higher
      in males (2.36%) than in females (1.64%). It occurs mainly in the age group 40
      years and above (5.08%) and is uncommon in the age group 15-39 years (0.40%). In
      males, the highest prevalence of diabetes (7.0%) is in the age group 45-49 years
      while in females the highest prevalence (7.2%) is in the age group 55-59 years.
      43.3% of the diabetics are of normal weight while 44.3% are overweight and 12.4%
      are underweight. 59.6% of the diabetics are newly diagnosed while 40.4% are known
      diabetics; 64.3% of the newly diagnosed diabetics have no symptoms. The
      prevalence of diabetes among the Indians (6.07%) is significantly higher than
      that in Malays (2.43%) and Chinese (1.55%). Indian diabetics have a slightly
      higher positive family history of diabetes (12.7%) than Malays (10.9%) and
      Chinese (6.5%). Obesity is commoner in Malay diabetics (64.7%) than in Chinese
      (41.6%) and Indians (35.7%). The possible factors leading to the significantly
      higher prevalence of diabetes among the Indians compared to the other ethnic
      groups in Singapore are discussed. It is suggested that the Indian gene is
      susceptible to diabetes (diabetic genotype) and increased food consumption,
      altered lifestyle and greater obesity leads to the expression of
      diabetes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037682
TI  - Home blood glucose monitoring, glycaemic control and diabetic complications.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of home blood glucose monitoring
      on diabetic complications and metabolic control. Forty Chinese and Indian
      patients participated in the Diabetic Society of Singapore National Home Blood
      Glucose Monitoring (HBGM) Programme. The clinical progress, the blood glucose and
      glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations, and the platelet aggregation of the
      aforementioned patients were studied over a 6-month period; the results were
      compared with those from a matched, albeit smaller, control group of 18 diabetic
      patients who were on treatment but not in the HBGM programme. At the end of the
      six month period, three patients in the control group showed clinical
      deterioration of peripheral neuropathy in contrast to one patient on HBGM. Due to
      the small number of patients, the difference in the findings was not
      statistically significant. Patients on HBGM demonstrated significant improvement
      in mean grouped blood glucose profile values, 135 +/- 8 to 118 +/- 5 mg/dl, p
      less than 0.01, and glycosylated haemoglobin levels, 10.3 +/- 0.4 to 9.3 +/-
      0.3%, p less than 0.01. The platelet aggregability was unchanged. In contrast,
      patients in the control group developed a significant increase in platelet
      aggregation (30 +/- 4% to 37 +/- 5%, p less than 0.05), although the blood
      glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations were not significantly
      altered. This study demonstrated that patients on a six-month HBGM programme were
      able to achieve improved glycaemic control associated with a trend towards
      decreased deterioration of diabetic neuropathy and platelet aggregability.

PMID- 4037683
TI  - Pyogenic hepatic abscess and diabetes mellitus--a probable association.
AB  - Four patients with pyogenic hepatic abscesses are reported. There were three
      females and one male with an age range of 36-75 years. In all the cases, diabetes
      mellitus was associated. Confirmation of the abscesses was obtained by liver
      scanning or ultrasonography, or both. In one patient, the clinical course was
      complicated by sympathetic pericardial effusion with right heart failure. Two
      patients had percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the abscesses under
      fluoroscopy. All four patients eventually required laparotomy and open drainage
      of the abscesses. Diabetic control was achieved with insulin therapy. The common
      causative organism in all instances was the Klebsiella species. Three patients
      recovered. The remaining one developed hypotension post-operatively and died of
      brain-stem infarction and the hepato-renal syndrome.

PMID- 4037684
TI  - Assessment of complications in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Nineteen children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the University
      Department of Paediatrics were assessed for complications of diabetes. 36.8%
      showed marked growth stunting, and half of the patients who attained puberty had
      a delayed onset of puberty. 42% showed limited joint mobility. Almost all the
      patients developed hypertrophic lipodystrophy while only 5 patients developed
      reversible lipoatrophy. Abnormal nerve conduction velocities were found in all 17
      patients tested, with more of sensory nerve involvement. A significant
      correlation was found between duration of disease and the extent of neuropathy.
      Evidence of nephropathy was found in 5 patients, 2 of whom showed impaired renal
      function. One patient had background retinopathy, another had proliferative
      retinopathy and 2 patients developed cataracts. The high prevalence of
      microangiopathic complications in these children is probably related to their
      previous poor diabetic control and it is hoped that with home blood glucose
      monitoring to improve their control, these complications may be arrested or
      minimized.

PMID- 4037685
TI  - Diabetes mellitus in peninsular Malaysia: ethnic differences in prevalence and
      complications.
AB  - Estimated prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia was about 2%. Diabetes was
      most common in Indians especially males and least common in Chinese. There was a
      slight male preponderance seen in Malays and Indians. Positive family history was
      obtained in 14% of cases most commonly in Malays, almost 1/3 of whom had more
      than one family member with diabetes. Familial association was uncommon in
      Chinese. Over 50% of patients were overweight. Obesity was noted in nearly 70% of
      female Malays and Indians while the majority of Chinese were not overweight. More
      than 80% of patients were non insulin requiring. Youth onset diabetes was
      considered rare; those 10 years and below were estimated to be only 0.4% and
      below 20 years of age between 2%-4% of the diabetic population. Females were
      twice as common than males in this type of diabetes and familial association was
      greater. Malnutrition-related diabetes and pancreatic calcification were not well
      documented but youth-onset non insulin requiring diabetics with mild symptoms but
      strong family history of diabetes were observed. More than half of hospital-based
      patients had evidence of complications, mainly amongst Malays and Indians.
      Hypertension was the most frequent associated disease followed by foot ulcers and
      ischaemic heart disease. Hypertension usually associated with chronic renal
      failure was most common amongst Malays while gangrenic ulcers and heart diseases
      were seen mainly in Indians. The major causes of death were chronic renal
      failure, myocardial infarction, ketoacidosis, stroke and septicaemia related to
      gangrene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037686
TI  - Findings among 100 type 2 diabetics in a clinic in Penang, Malaysia, 1983-84.
AB  - A Specialist Clinic was commenced in August 1983, from the Medical School at
      Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia to assess: 1) the present control and
      2) the incidence of complications in a diabetic population already receiving
      primary health care at Penang General Hospital. The ethnic groups among the
      diabetics were Chinese (39%), Malays (26%) and Indian (35%). There was a greater
      percentage of Indians than would be expected from the ethnic distribution of the
      population of Penang. The results of the first 100 (43 males and 57 females) non
      insulin dependent diabetic patients are reviewed. The mean age was 54 years, 41%
      had relatives with diabetes, and all were taking oral agents. The diet
      comprehension and compliance were poor. 65% of the group, 54% of males and 75% of
      females were obese. The mean blood glucose was 11 m.mols/l (fasting) and 12.8
      m.mols/1 (2 hours post prandial). The complications seen in the 100 diabetics
      were: albuminurea 41, skin infection 37, cataracts 35, hypertension 32,
      peripheral sensory neuropathy 32, retinopathy 22, ischaemic heart disease 19,
      autonomic neuropathy 10, impaired renal function 4 (urea or creatinine elevated),
      foot ulcer 2 and gangrene 1. Urinalysis for glucose at the Clinic showed very
      little correlation with blood glucose at the same time. Nine out of 43 males
      admitted to impotence on questioning. Comparisons of findings in Penang were made
      with recent studies in Singapore and Hong Kong.

PMID- 4037687
TI  - Hypoglycemia misdiagnosed as cerebrovascular accident.
AB  - Hypoglycemia can give rise to a variety of neurological signs and symptoms. This
      may occur in the absence of the well known signs of acute hypoglycemia taught to
      diabetics on insulin. In the past year, 6 patients with hypoglycemia were
      admitted with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident. They were all being
      treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs. The neurological signs all reversed
      immediately with the restoration of a normal blood glucose. Their circumstances
      of admission illustrate some of the difficulties in making the correct diagnosis
      in this group of patients.

PMID- 4037688
TI  - Blood glucose levels in non-diabetics on intravenous dextrose infusions.
AB  - Does a 5% dextrose infusion of up to 3 litres per 24 hours in a patient cause
      significant hyperglycemia if the patient is not a known diabetic? This small
      study showed that in 15 patients on such a drip not on steroids, the blood
      glucose level at least two hours postprandially did not rise above 140 mg%. On
      the other hand, another two patients on steroids had blood glucose levels above
      this value but below 180 mg%.

PMID- 4037689
TI  - Combined team management of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.
AB  - 225 women with diabetes in pregnancy were managed by a team of obstetricians,
      physicians (endocrinologists) and paediatricians from the National University of
      Singapore. A protocol of management was formulated and followed. The incidence of
      1.1% or 1 in 90 pregnancies was found, with significantly higher incidence in
      Indians and lower in Malays. There were 37 established diabetics and 188
      diagnosed during pregnancy. Of these (188), 74 were gestational diabetics. All
      the women were treated with Insulin and Diet or Diet alone. 177 (79%) were
      treated with Insulin and Diet. Blood sugar profiles were done for monitoring
      diabetic control. 72.8% of the women were between para 0 and 1 and 85.2% between
      the ages of 20 and 34. 72.5% of the women delivered at 38 weeks gestation or
      later. 48.9% went into spontaneous labour, 32.4% were induced and 18.7% had
      elective caesarean section. 62.2% of the women had labour of less than 12 hours.
      The overall caesarean section rate was 41.7%. There were 3 stillbirths and 2
      neonatal deaths. The perinatal mortality rate was 2.2%. Thirteen babies had
      congenital malformations (5.8%). 77.8% of the babies had Apgar score of 7 or more
      at 5 minutes after delivery. 79.1% of the babies weighed between 2.5 kgm and 3.9
      kgm. Pre-eclamptic toxaemia was the commonest complication in pregnancy followed
      by Urinary Tract Infection and Polyhydramnios. Postpartum complications in the
      mother were confined to 14 women (6.2%), and wound infection or breakdown was the
      commonest cause.

PMID- 4037690
TI  - Extremes of foetal birthweight for gestation in infants of diabetic mothers.
AB  - 100 patients were registered at the Diabetic Clinic in 1981, where they were
      managed by a team of physician, obstetrician and paediatrician, based on a preset
      protocol. Only 92 patients were eventually analysed. The study showed a 1.3%
      incidence of pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus. The mean birthweights
      of infants of both gestational and established diabetics were heavier than that
      of the general population by race and gestation. 25% of the 92 infants of
      diabetic mothers have birthweight exceeding the 90th centile of population.
      Further division of the 92 patients into the "true gestational" diabetics, as
      shown by an oral glucose tolerance test performed 6 weeks post-natally, also
      showed a 25% incidence of macrosomia. Late antenatal booking, delayed detection
      of abnormal glucose tolerance and treatment attributed to the high incidence of
      macrosomia. Only one infant had birthweight below the tenth centile. There were
      no perinatal mortality in the 92 patients studied. Macrosomia is a common
      complication in infants of diabetic mothers despite a physician-obstetrician
      joint-care system. Also, the risk of having macrosomia amongst gestational
      diabetics is high.

PMID- 4037691
TI  - The role of the Diabetic Society of Singapore in promoting diabetes self care and
      education.

PMID- 4037692
TI  - Insulin dependent diabetes and goitre in a case of hypomelanosis of Ito
      (Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians).
AB  - Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians (IPA) or, more aptly, Hypomelanosis of Ito is
      now largely accepted as a Neurocutaneous Disorder. Studies, so far, have focussed
      on the ultrastructural abnormalities and to our knowledge, there have been no
      attempts to ascertain if there is a particular HLA pattern. We describe an
      interesting case where IPA occurred in association with Insulin Dependent
      Diabetes as well as a goitre, suggesting that HLA studies may well be worthwhile.
      The literature is also reviewed.

PMID- 4037693
TI  - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy in Japan, 1984: a survey by
      questionnaires.
AB  - A country-wide survey of the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)
      therapy was carried out in the summer of 1984 in Japan. Questionnaires were
      mailed to doctors of 456 diabetes clinics and other questionnaires were
      distributed to patients taking CSII therapy by salesmen of the infusion pump
      makers. 275 doctors and 86 patients responded to the questionnaires. CSII therapy
      was conducted in 110 clinics (40%), but it was done mostly in inpatients.
      Decrease in blood glucose (91%) and improvement of general body condition (65%)
      were achieved by the therapy, but cutaneous complications, such as skin reaction
      to the tapes (33%), pigmentation (46%), induration (35%) and lipodystrophy, and
      hypoglycemic (83%) or ketoacidotic (16%) episodes were experienced in many cases.
      211 doctors predicted bright prospects for the CSII therapy, 86 (41%) speculated
      a spread in the popularity of the therapy and 44 (21%) opined that the therapy
      was a passing phenomenon (only a fashion).

PMID- 4037694
TI  - Orthopaedic management of diabetic foot lesions.
AB  - Vascular disease and neuropathy play a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetic
      foot lesions. Trauma and infection are aggravating factors. With local aggressive
      treatment, many of these limbs can be salvaged. A classification of lesions of
      the diabetic foot is presented. Criteria for conservative as well as ablative
      surgery based on clinical studies are discussed.

PMID- 4037695
TI  - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: strategy for prevention and management.
AB  - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is inherited in a multifactorial
      manner with polygenes and environmental factors contributing to its emergence in
      a particular individual. The evidence for such a mode of inheritance is reviewed.
      One of the most important genetic roles is that played by the HLA genes on
      chromosome 6 and the different alleles which increase or decrease susceptibility
      in Caucasians, Japanese, Singapore Chinese and Shanghai Chinese are described. It
      is inferred that these alleles are different in different ethnic groups. The
      other genes which are important are unknown. The environmental influences are
      less well known although viral infections may act as triggers. Because the
      morbidity and mortality are still extremely serious in IDDM patients in spite of
      insulin therapy, it is proposed that preventive measures should be instituted in
      families prone to IDDM. The role of prenatal diagnosis is discussed especially in
      those families with multiple HLA susceptibility genes present. Great care paid to
      management of hyperglycemia from onset of the disease may reduce future morbidity
      and mortality.

PMID- 4037696
TI  - Genetic and environmental influence in the epidemiology of noninsulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus: a global perspective.
AB  - Refinement of the classification of diabetes mellitus to include two major
      categories, insulin dependent (IDDM) and noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM) and the
      recent attention paid to the standardization of epidemiological techniques have
      led to much new information on the epidemiology of the disease. Support for the
      notion of genetic influence in the development of NIDDM has come from twin
      studies, but the search for specific genetic markers for NIDDM has been largely
      unproductive to date. There is increasing scepticism as to the utility of the
      chlorpropamide-alcohol flush as a genetic marker for NIDDM. The large disparity
      in the frequency of NIDDM between populations provides indirect support for the
      genetic hypothesis, as do recent studies of the association between NIDDM and
      ancestral genetic admixture. Obesity has long been considered a causal factor in
      the aetiology of NIDDM, though the strength and consistency of this relationship
      is now being questioned. The strength of the association between obesity and
      NIDDM has been shown to vary depending on the presence or absence of a family
      history of the disease. There is further preliminary evidence to suggest that
      association between obesity and NIDDM may vary in strength between populations,
      and between the sexes. Little evidence has so far emerged for a role of
      quantitative or qualitative aspects of diet in the aetiology of NIDDM. This may
      be due, in part, to the imprecision of current techniques for dietary
      estimation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037697
TI  - Endoscopic, histological and ultrastructural correlations in the diagnosis of
      colitis.
AB  - The accuracy of the endoscopic diagnosis, found at fiberoptic distal-colonoscopy,
      was assessed by correlation with the histological findings of multiple colo
      rectal biopsies. Of 25 subjects with normal colon at endoscopy, 18 (72%) had
      normal histology, while 7 (28%) had histological evidence of mild non-specific
      colitis (6 cases) or Crohn's colitis (one case). Of 15 cases with endoscopic
      appearance of mild colitis, histological sections showed mild non-specific
      colitis in 12 (80%), idiopathic ulcerative colitis in one and Crohn's colitis in
      another. In 12 patients with an endoscopic diagnosis of moderate-severe colitis,
      histology confirmed moderate to severe idiopathic ulcerative colitis in 9 (75%)
      and severe Crohn's colitis in 2. Pseudomembranous colitis was confirmed by
      histology in 2 out of 3 cases detected by endoscopy. Electron-microscopy,
      although amplifying the histological findings, did not provide any specific
      diagnostic information. It is concluded that histological studies of multiple
      colo-rectal biopsies can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of distal
      colonoscopy. Biopsies should therefore be obtained routinely in colonoscopy even
      if the appearances look normal.

PMID- 4037698
TI  - Opsite, a synthetic burns dressing.
AB  - Opsite, a sterile, occlusive, adherent, polyurethane film has been used in a
      prospective study involving 150 cases of partial thickness burns. All cases were
      admitted to the Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital. The
      patients' ages ranged from infants to the elderly. All sites of the body were
      tried on Opsite except the head and face and total burns areas applied with
      opsite varied from less than 5% to 25%. 80% of cases did well, 20% had to have
      the dressing discontinued for various reasons, the most common being infection.
      The advantages were in the ease of wound observation, patient comfort, early
      mobilisation and relative economy. Opsite is a suitable burns dressing for the
      partial thickness burns especially of the trunk and limbs and is very useful in
      children. The complications are relatively few and minor.

PMID- 4037699
TI  - Tumoral calcinosis--a case report.
AB  - Tumoral Calcinosis is a well established but rare clinical entity. It was first
      described in 1899, and since then, scattered reports have occurred in the
      literature from many parts of the world. The main controversy lies in the
      aetiology of the condition. One such case is presented in this paper, along with
      a review of the literature.

PMID- 4037700
TI  - Hyperglycemic macrocytosis in electronically determined mean corpuscular volume.
      Use of three different automatic cell counters.
AB  - Spurious macrocytosis in electronic cell counters has been associated with
      hyperglycemia. The increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is thought to be
      secondary to osmotic disequilibrium between the erythrocyte and the diluent used
      in the automatic cell counters. Employing three different hematology cell
      counters, the effects of increasing concentration of glucose (400 mg per dl to
      2000 mg per dl), at different temperatures and after various incubation periods
      were studied. In addition to macrocytosis being temperature and glucose
      concentration dependent, the magnitude of cell size variation also depends on the
      type of instrument used.

PMID- 4037702
TI  - The occurrence and properties of a serum hepatic antigen in various liver
      diseases.
AB  - A liver antigen, LA-1, was detected by immunoelectrophoresis in the sera of 79
      percent of patients with viral hepatitis A, 77 percent of patients with viral
      hepatitis B, and 62 percent of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. The occurrence
      of LA-1 was lower in liver cirrhosis (28 percent) and primary extra-hepatic
      disorders (18 percent) and absent in the sera of healthy subjects. Liver antigen,
      LA-1, is detectable in human kidney, lung, spleen, heart and skeletal muscle, and
      rhesus monkey liver; however, it is not found in the livers from dog, rat, cat,
      or pig. This antigen is characterized as a protein with beta-globulin
      electrophoretic mobility and a molecular weight in the range 67,000 to 80,000,
      which distinguishes it from liver ferritin and previously defined bile antigens
      and liver-specific antigens detected in sera from patients with liver diseases.
      The presence of LA-1 in serum appears to denote non-specific liver injury.

PMID- 4037701
TI  - Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry of nickel in tissue
      homogenates.
AB  - A method for analysis of Ni concentrations in tissues is described, which
      involves (a) tissue dissection with metal-free obsidian knives, (b) tissue
      homogenization in polyethylene bags by use of a "Stomacher" blender, (c)
      oxidative digestion with mixed nitric, sulfuric, and perchloric acids, and (d)
      quantitation of Ni by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry with
      Zeeman background correction. The detection limit for Ni in tissues is 10 ng per
      g, dry weight; the coefficient of variation ranges from 7 to 15 percent,
      depending on the tissue Ni concentration; the recovery of Ni added in
      concentration of 20 ng per g, dry weight, to kidney homogenates averages 101 +/-
      8 percent (mean +/- SD). In control rats, Ni concentrations are highest in lung
      (102 +/- 39 ng per g, dry weight) and lowest in spleen (35 +/- 16 ng per g, dry
      wt.). In descending order of Ni concentrations, the tissues of control rats rank
      as follows: lung greater than heart greater than bone greater than kidney greater
      than brain greater than testis greater than fat greater than liver greater than
      spleen. In rats killed 24 h after sc injection of NiCl2 (0.125 mmol per kg, body
      weight) Ni concentrations are highest in kidney (17.7 +/- 2.5 micrograms per g,
      dry weight) and lowest in brain (0.38 +/- 0.14 micrograms per g, dry weight). In
      descending order of Ni concentrations, the tissues of NiCl2-treated rats rank as
      follows: kidney much greater than lung greater than spleen greater than testis
      greater than heart greater than fat greater than liver greater than bone greater
      than brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037703
TI  - [Effects of different acute and chronic stresses on general growth and adrenal
      cortex activity in rats].
AB  - Stress due to ether, physical strain, and exhaust gas applied to pubescent male
      rats either acutely or chronically, (15 days or 2 months) always induce a similar
      increase of plasmatic corticosterone. However, they induce other different
      changes (food intake, body growth, protein yield, and the relative growth of the
      liver, the testis and the heart). Thus we define for each type of aggression a
      non-specific action, characterized by a more or less similar activation of the
      pituitary-adrenal axis and an other specific action.

PMID- 4037704
TI  - [Effects of septal lesions on the response of vasopressin to angiotensin II].
AB  - Electrolytic lesion of the medio-ventral septal (MVS) area produces a sustained
      increase in daily water intake and urine output. This polyuria and hyperdipsia
      are associated with decreased levels of circulating radioimmunoassayable ADH. In
      addition, the usual ADH release to angiotensin II observed in normal controls and
      sham-lesioned rats was markedly blunted in MVS-lesioned animals.

PMID- 4037705
TI  - [Isolated gynecomastia disclosing limited androgen resistance].

PMID- 4037706
TI  - [Primary empty sella turcica. Analysis of 14 cases and review of the literature].
AB  - 14 patients (13 women, 1 man) presenting with primary empty sella had
      endocrinologic and radiological investigations. 8 women are obese, 5 multiparous.
      Initially, headaches have needed a radiological study of sella turcica in 8 cases
      (57%). Pneumoencephalography and/or CT scan have led to diagnosis; but in 3
      cases, a suspected associated pituitary adenoma justified a surgical exploration.
      In one case, a GH-secreting microadenoma was found, in both other cases
      histologic studies revealed fibrous or normal pituitary. Endocrine findings were
      normal, regarding to gonadotrophs, corticotrophs and thyreotrophs. GH was blunted
      in four cases, below 5 ng/ml during insulin tolerance test. In 9 cases, GH rose
      to 19,51 +/- 10,03 ng/ml (mean +/- S.D.). In 13 patients, serum prolactin was
      normal: 7,1 +/- 3,9 ng/ml (normal values 2 -20 ng/ml), elevated in the last case:
      112,5 ng/ml. One year later, two patients did not show any modification on
      clinical, radiological or endocrine data. Physiopathology of intrasellar
      arachnoidocele is discussed: intrasellar extension of subarachnoid space may be
      due to diaphragm insufficiency and disturbances of dynamics of cerebrospinal
      fluid, flattening the otherwise normal pituitary gland.

PMID- 4037707
TI  - [Changes in gastrointestinal motility in the diabetic].
AB  - The frequency and pathophysiology of disorders of gastro-intestinal motility
      associated with diabetes are poorly understood. Gastroparesis is often
      misdiagnosed, although it can be responsible for diabetic instability.
      Constipation is the most frequent gastro-intestinal symptom, although the patient
      may present alternating episodes of diarrhoea and constipation. The
      pathophysiology of these disorders is still poorly understood. It could well be
      caused by diabetic neuropathy.

PMID- 4037708
TI  - [Primperan: recent pharmacological data on its gastromotor effect].
AB  - Two types of pharmacological action explain the therapeutic effectiveness of
      Primperan in gastroenterology: an anti-emetic effect due to a central
      dopaminergic mechanism and a motor effect on the gastro-intestinal tract due to a
      cholinergic mechanism. Research is currently underway to explain the origin of
      the cholinergic potential of metoclopramide.

PMID- 4037709
TI  - [Primperan during pregnancy].
AB  - The indications for Primperan during pregnancy are presented: vomiting and
      pyrosis, prevention of Mendelsohn's syndrome when general anaesthesia is required
      during pregnancy or labour. 20 years of pharmacovigilance confirm the good
      maternal and foetal tolerance of this drug.

PMID- 4037710
TI  - [Primperan and the dyspeptic syndrome].
AB  - Primperan modifies the behaviour of the antro-pyloro-duodenal functional unit and
      is therefore a logical treatment for dyspeptic disorders. In a double blind
      study, the oral administration, before meals, of 30 mg of Primperan per day for
      15 days was found to be significantly superior to a placebo in the correction of
      dyspeptic symptoms.

PMID- 4037711
TI  - [Primperan and digestive disorders in aged subjects].
AB  - The consequences of aging on the oesophagus and stomach are described. The
      disorders induced by these physiological changes are accentuated by the life
      style and the socio-economic conditions. Based on three clinical studies
      conducted in elderly subjects, the authors discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic
      value of Primperan: facilitation of endoscopy, gastro-oesophageal reflux,
      dyspeptic disorders.

PMID- 4037712
TI  - [Value of oral primperan in the treatment of migraine].
AB  - The association of Primperan with antimigrainous drugs, such as salicylates and
      paracetamol, can reduce the duration of the migraine. The mechanism of this
      action is studied: by accelerating the gastric emptying, which is delayed during
      the migraine attack, Primperan enables the analgesics to reach their site of
      absorption more rapidly and, consequently, to be more rapidly effective. The
      activity of the oral administration of Primperan is demonstrated.

PMID- 4037713
TI  - [Value of primperan in digestive studies].
AB  - The majority of gastro-intestinal investigations cause disturbances of secretion
      or gastric tonicity and motility, which can interfere considerably with the
      examination. It is therefore essential for the doctor to prevent these disorders
      by equilibrating the gastro-intestinal function. Primperan is incontestably the
      molecule of choice in this field, because of the specificity and the constancy of
      its action in the gastro-intestinal tract and because of its excellent tolerance.

PMID- 4037714
TI  - [Application of an original technic in the evaluation of gastric emptying to the
      study of primperan].
AB  - The ingestion of radio-opaque granules during a meal enables the radiological
      study of gastric emptying under physiological conditions. The evacuation of the
      granules is well correlated with that of solids. After the development of a
      pharmaco-clinical model of hyposthenic dyspepsia, this technique was used by the
      authors to evaluate the influence of Primperan on gastric emptying after a
      dyspeptogenic meal in 12 volunteers. Following the randomised intravenous
      injection of either 20 mg of Primperan or a placebo, 5 to 7 minutes before the
      dyspeptogenic meal, the number of granules remaining in the stomach over time was
      used to measure the rate of gastric emptying. Primperan significantly accelerated
      the gastric emptying of the dyspeptogenic meal in comparison with the placebo (p
      less than 0.01).

PMID- 4037715
TI  - [Highlights of the physiopathology of gastroesophageal reflux].
AB  - Manometric studies have shown that the principal barrier against gastro
      oesophageal reflux is the inferior oesophageal sphincter. The factors capable of
      physiologically and pathologically modifying the sphincter pressure are analysed.
      Other factors may be involved as well as a decrease in the pressure of the
      inferior oesophageal sphincter: the length of the abdominal oesophagus, the
      oesophageal clearance, delayed gastric emptying, duodeno-gastric reflux. Thus, in
      many patients, gastro-oesophageal reflux reflects a disturbance of the motility
      of the upper gastrointestinal tract and not just the oesophagus.

PMID- 4037716
TI  - [Highlights of the dyspeptic syndrome in 1985].
AB  - Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the development of non-lesional
      dyspepsia: various authors suggest an excessively delayed gastric emptying, or
      excessive gastric secretions or an intestinal cause. The actual pathophysiology
      of these disorders is probably multifactorial. In the absence of more precise
      data, we nevertheless have a symptomatic treatment which is often effective. The
      most severe dyspeptic disorders respond very well, particularly to molecules
      which act on the tonicity and the motility of the gastro-intestinal tract.

PMID- 4037717
TI  - Regional and social analysis of height variation in a contemporary British
      sample.
AB  - The height distributions of 11-year-old boys and girls and their parents (N = 33
      000) comprising the National Child Development Study are reported. The variance
      in height was found to differ significantly between social classes for all three
      family positions (father, mother and child). Analysis of variance and cluster
      analysis revealed that stature distributions in all three family positions is
      more socially rather than regionally differentiated.

PMID- 4037719
TI  - Alternative explanations for normal variability in antithrombin-III levels.
AB  - Data collected in a study of ATIII deficiency also suggested familial variability
      of blood clotting times amongst genotypically normal individuals. A study of this
      variability under a variety of models demonstrates a clear age effect and within
      sibship similarity. There is also a clear parental effect, which could be either
      environmental or genetic. Even when parental effects are taken into account there
      remains some excess similarity between sibs, but the increase in log-likelihood
      provided by this component is no longer highly significant.

PMID- 4037718
TI  - Chest dimensions of European and Aymara children at high altitude.
AB  - This study compares the chest dimensions of European children raised at high
      altitude with those of Andean natives. The samples consist of 216 children
      between 8 and 14 years who attend the private French School in La Paz, Bolivia
      and 253 Aymara children of the same age who reside in the rural country of
      Arncoraimes, Bolivia. Compared to the Aymara children, the European children have
      larger chest depths and chest widths, but have smaller chest dimensions relative
      to stature. There is no difference between the two groups in the ratio of chest
      width to chest depth. The small relative chest size of the European children
      further expands the range of variation in chest dimensions among high altitude
      populations.

PMID- 4037720
TI  - Serogenetic studies on the inhabitants of Tristan da Cunha.
AB  - The inhabitants of Tristan da Cunha, a remote island in the South Atlantic,
      number about 300 and are direct descendants of a small number of individuals who
      settled there in the first half of the nineteenth century. Some serogenetic
      studies were carried out on the islanders when they were evacuated to England in
      1961 but 160 individuals have now been tested for a much wider range of gene
      markers. No variation was found at 15 loci while considerable variation was
      encountered at 12 loci. In particular, the high frequency of A1 and the complete
      absence of A2 in the ABO system was confirmed; the high frequency of Ro (cDe) in
      the Rhesus system and GdA, an allele at the G6PD locus, as well as the presence
      of three haplotypes in the Gm system (Gm1,5,6,14,17, Gm1,5,6,17 and
      Gm1,5,13,14,17) confirm the known historical origin of the women founders who
      came from St Helena. Although the degree of inbreeding is high there is no
      significant deficiency of heterozygotes in the eight informative systems.

PMID- 4037721
TI  - Android (centralized) obesity and somatotypes in men: association with
      mesomorphy.
AB  - The relationship between body fat distribution patterns and somatotype among 824
      men was sought from Sheldon, Dupertuis and MacDermott's Atlas of Men (1954). The
      men were classified photoscopically into obese, overweight and normal weight
      classes and then into android (central), intermediate and gynoid (generalized)
      classes of body fat patterning independently and blindly by two observers.
      Android fat men were found by both observers to be older and more often classed
      as obese than gynoid fat men. The android obese were significantly more
      mesomorphic and less endomorphic than the gynoid obese (P less than 0.01).
      Results suggest that android obesity involves more than an upper body
      distribution of subcutaneous fat: it is a deep body obesity involving excess lean
      body mass as well.

PMID- 4037723
TI  - Origin and fate of cholesterol in rat plasma lipoproteins in vivo. I. Qualitative
      analysis.
AB  - Rats were conditioned to ingest a 15-gram dietary mixture, in a single daily
      meal, between 6:00 and 9:00 a.m. Labeled cholesterol was introduced into the
      organism through four different physiological routes: ingestion of 14C
      cholesterol, injection of 14C-acetate, injection of red cells or plasma whose
      cholesterol was tritium-labeled. The specific radioactivities of free and
      esterified cholesterol, in the different plasma lipoproteins and in the major
      organs, were measured at various time spans after the introduction. The results
      revealed a different source of cholesterol in chylomicrons and VLDL discharged by
      the intestine: the chylomicrons would principally carry esterified cholesterol
      coming from the intestinal contents, while esterified cholesterol coming from the
      intestinal wall was found mainly in VLDL. The free cholesterol of these
      lipoproteins would initially have the same origin as esterified cholesterol but
      rapid free cholesterol exchanges would introduce precociously cholesterol coming
      from other structures. The results demonstrated the significant role of the
      intestine in cholesterol synthesis and revealed that of VLDL in the internal
      secretion of cholesterol by the intestine. Chylomicrons also appeared to play a
      significant role in this secretion, by way of exchanges between intestinal cells
      and chylomicrons in the process of formation. Finally, the results suggested the
      existence of esterified cholesterol transfers from HDL to lower density
      lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL and possibly LDL).

PMID- 4037722
TI  - [Effect of varying vitamin B6 intake levels on the vitamin B6 status of fetuses
      and reproductive organs].
AB  - In order to study the influence of varying vitamin B6 intake levels on the
      reproductive performance and the vitamin B6 status of fetuses and reproductive
      organs, 30 pregnant rats (Sprague Dawley strain) were fed a semisynthetic casein
      diet supplemented with 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 mg vitamin B6/kg throughout pregnancy.
      On days 19 of pregnancy the rats were killed. Fetuses, placenta, amniotic fluid,
      amnion, uterus and mammary gland were analysed microbiologically for their
      vitamin B6 content. Reproductive performance was not influenced by the dietary
      treatment. Vitamin B6 concentrations in fetuses, placenta and amniotic fluid of
      mothers treated with the low 1-ppm vitamin B6 diet were significantly decreased.
      At a vitamin B6 supply of 6 ppm, however, tissue saturation was already reached
      in these organs. Accordingly, the whole vitamin B6 retention in the reproductive
      product plateaued at an intake level of 6 ppm vitamin B6 at 37 micrograms vitamin
      B6 per animal. These results indicate therefore that a level of 6 ppm dietary
      vitamin B6 is sufficient to guarantee an optimum vitamin B6 status in the
      reproductive product, and higher vitamin B6 supplementations showed no further
      effect on the parameters investigated.

PMID- 4037724
TI  - Origin and fate of cholesterol in rat plasma lipoproteins in vivo. II. Modelling
      of cholesterol absorption and its release into plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - After a single ingestion of a diet containing 14C-cholesterol, cholesterol
      radioactivity in the stomachal and intestinal contents, in the different organs
      and in the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons was measured at
      different times during 2 days. Based on the results, a quantitative model of
      cholesterol absorption and of its release into the VLDL and chylomicrons has been
      elaborated. This model takes into account the different processes implied in the
      turnover of intestinal cholesterol and that of the entire organism. It
      constitutes a coherent whole (satisfactory simulations for the variables studied,
      suitable mass balances for each compartment and the absence of major
      contradictions with preexisting quantitative data). Once again the model
      demonstrates the important part played by the intestine in rat cholesterol system
      dynamics. It takes into account the existence of two related exogenous and
      endogenous cholesterol pools from which the cholesterol released by the intestine
      into the chylomicrons and VLDL originates. The results suggest the existence of
      an important esterified cholesterol uptake from other plasma lipoproteins by the
      chylomicrons.

PMID- 4037725
TI  - [Origin and fate of cholesterol in rat plasma lipoproteins in vivo. III.
      Demonstration and measurement of the flow rate of HDL esterified cholesterol to
      the chylomicrons].
AB  - A study has been carried out to measure the transfer rate of esterified
      cholesterol from the HDL into the chylomicrons, as previously suggested. Rats
      were intravenously injected with cholesterol-labelled plasma or red cells. The
      specific activity of esterified cholesterol of HDL and chylomicrons was measured
      during 12 h following injection. Results were treated by compartmental analysis.
      The transfer rate was 0.21-0.22 h-1 with an uptake rate of chylomicrons by the
      liver of 8 h-1 (t1/2 5 min). This represents a 0.8 mg h-1 flux of esterified
      cholesterol from HDL into chylomicrons, i.e., in our conditions, 75% of the total
      input into the chylomicrons esterified cholesterol. This process could be the
      major way for the disappearance of HDL esterified cholesterol.

PMID- 4037726
TI  - Effect of spinning and additional cross-linking with dialdehyde starch or
      aluminum ions on the digestibility and quality of casein-Vicia faba protein
      isolate mixtures.
AB  - Studies were made in adult rats using an isotopic 15N method. Whole egg, wheat,
      casein and Vicia faba protein isolate served as reference proteins. The diets
      were isonitrogenous and feed intake was adjusted to the maintenance energy level.
      Variations in true N digestibility were small (91.8-96.1%). The amount of
      metabolic fecal nitrogen in animals receiving the diet containing wheat was 9.4
      mg/100 g body weight compared with 4.9-5.8 mg in the other diets. The differences
      in nutritional quality for maintenance between proteins of plant and animal
      origin were small. However, spinning (alkaline treatment) and additional cross
      linking with aluminum ions or dialdehyde starch affected the nutritional quality
      for maintenance.

PMID- 4037727
TI  - Influence of different supplements of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood
      and tissue lipids in rats receiving high intakes of linoleic acid.
AB  - The influence of a supplement of linseed oil (LO), rich in linoleic acid (C18:3,n
      3), was compared with one of fish oil (MaxEPA) rich in eicosapentaenoic acid
      (C20:5,n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6,n-3) on blood and tissue lipids in
      weanling rats receiving a high intake of linoleic acid. Both the LO and the
      MaxEPA supplement decreased plasma cholesterol concentrations. The MaxEPA
      supplement but not the linseed oil supplement also decreased the concentrations
      of plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. The proportion of C20:5,n-3 was
      markedly increased in the platelet and erythrocyte lipids by the MaxEPA
      supplement but not in tissue lipids. However, the increase in the proportion of
      C20:5,n-3 in the platelet was small compared with other studies. Both supplements
      led to an increase in the proportion of C22:6,n-3 in blood and tissue lipids but
      the MaxEPA supplement was more potent than the LO supplement. The most marked
      change was observed in the heart lipids. These changes were accompanied by
      reciprocal changes in the proportions of arachidonic, adrenic and
      docosapentaenoic acid.

PMID- 4037728
TI  - Eurofoods: towards compatibility of nutrient data banks in Europe.

PMID- 4037729
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of penicilloyl groups.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring penicillin groups is
      described. Alkaline phosphatase conjugated to penicilloyl residue was reacted
      with purified anti-penicilloyl antibodies coated upon polystyrene plates. The
      inhibition of this reaction allowed a specific determination of penicilloyl
      residues at the picomole level. This assay was applied to the study of the
      penicilloyl groups linked to human albumin and to the measurement of some of
      these groups after enzymatic degradation or physical modifications of the albumin
      molecule.

PMID- 4037730
TI  - Methodological aspects of the 6-day subrenal capsule assay for measuring the
      response of human tumors to anticancer agents.
AB  - Methodological aspects of testing chemosensitivity by the 6-day subrenal capsule
      (SRC) assay in immunocompetent mice were investigated. Human tumor xenografts,
      serially transplanted in athymic nude mice, were used as source of material. All
      drugs were given by the intravenous route. Administration of the drugs on days 1
      and 2 gave the same results as when they were given daily for 5 days in equitoxic
      total doses, and a clear dose-response relationship was demonstrated. High
      reproducibility was found with different anti-cancer agents when 15 different
      tumors (4 melanomas, 7 soft tissue sarcomas, 2 colon carcinomas, and 2 lung
      carcinomas) were tested repeatedly over a period of several years. The tumors
      examined showed individual chemosensitivity profiles. The same ranking of drugs
      was found when the results in the SRC assay were compared with those obtained in
      the sc nude mouse model, using the same tumors (a colon carcinoma and a
      leiomyosarcoma), supporting the validity of the SRC assay. Altogether, the
      results strongly support the view that the 6-day SRC assay in immunocompetent
      mice is a useful method for assessing the response of human tumors to anticancer
      agents.

PMID- 4037731
TI  - A phase II study of alternating combination chemotherapy in 55 myeloma patients.
      A comparison with non-alternating combination chemotherapy and treatment with a
      single cytostatic.
AB  - Fifty-five consecutive patients with stage II and III myeloma were treated at 7
      centers with alternating combinations of 7 cytostatics and prednisolone. 30/48
      evaluable patients responded to the combination chemotherapy, 10/55 patients died
      within 15 months, and the median survival was 40 months. No advantage could be
      shown over a previous non-alternating combination of two cytostatics. However,
      stage III patients had a significantly better survival statistically (p less than
      0.05) than earlier patients from the same center given only one cytostatic.

PMID- 4037732
TI  - Mitogen stimulation of blood lymphocytes from patients with primary intracranial
      tumors. Correlation to histological tumor type.
AB  - Blood lymphocytes from 125 patients with primary intracranial tumors were
      examined for proliferative responses to PHA and PPD in parallel with lymphocytes
      from sex- and age-matched controls. The tests were performed prior to surgery,
      radiotherapy, or chemotherapy and a histological diagnosis was obtained in all
      cases. Depending on tumor type, patients were divided into the following four
      histological groups: astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, malignant gliomas
      (anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas), and miscellaneous tumors (mainly
      meningiomas). PHA-responses were approximately 10% lower in patients with
      malignant gliomas not receiving corticosteroids in comparison to corresponding
      controls. No significant differences were observed in the other groups of
      patients if not being treated with steroids. PPD-responses were largely similar
      in all groups of non-steroid treated patients. In the corticosteroid treated
      groups PHA-responses were significantly reduced in patients with
      oligodendrogliomas and malignant gliomas, but this was not true of those with
      astrocytomas or those in the group with miscellaneous tumors. The mean steroid
      doses given at the time of testing were similar in all four patient groups. The
      treatment period was longest in malignant gliomas but reasonably similar in the
      other three groups. It is speculated that PHA-responses of lymphocytes from
      patients with oligodendrogliomas may exhibit an increased steroid sensitivity.

PMID- 4037733
TI  - Capacity of sera from patients with primary intracranial tumors to support
      mitogen stimulation of blood lymphocytes. Correlation to histological tumor type.
AB  - Sera from 125 untreated patients with various histological types of primary
      intracranial tumors were examined for the capacity to support proliferative
      responses of lymphocytes to PHA and PPD in vitro. It was observed that sera
      obtained from groups of non-corticosteroid treated patients with astrocytomas,
      malignant gliomas (anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas), and miscellaneous
      tumors (mainly meningiomas) did not differ significantly from sera obtained from
      a group of healthy subjects. However, sera from a group of patients with
      oligodendrogliomas exhibited a significantly reduced capacity to support PHA- and
      PPD-responses of both autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes. Corticosteroid
      treated patients seemed to have reduced serum activities regardless of
      histological tumor type. It is not known whether sera from patients with
      oligodendrogliomas contain increased amounts of factors which inhibit mitogen
      responses of lymphocytes, or whether they contain reduced amounts of factors
      which support stimulations in vitro.

PMID- 4037734
TI  - The synthesis of prostaglandins by the Nb rat prostate tumor.
AB  - Carcinomata of the prostate animal model systems have been used in the past to
      evaluate chemotherapy. The Nb rat model is an ideal model to study prostate
      cancer, as it has two separate tumor types, one that is androgen-insensitive and
      one that is androgen-sensitive. In this paper the results of the prostaglandin
      synthesis release assay on an antigen-insensitive tumor are presented. This is a
      means to further characterize this tumor.

PMID- 4037735
TI  - Interactions between estrogens, prolactin, and growth hormone on the growth of N
      nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors.
AB  - Rats bearing N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors regressing after
      ovariectomy were assigned to control or treatment groups. All control tumors
      continued to regress, while the serum prolactin levels were subnormal. Estrogen
      replacement stimulated tumor regrowth, and increased the serum prolactin.
      Pergolide further suppressed the postovariectomy serum prolactin, and all tumors
      continued to regress. When estrogen and pergolide were given together, 32% of
      tumors progressed despite low serum prolactins. Ovine prolactin, delivered to
      ovariectomized rats at a rate of 40 micrograms/hr, caused 3 of 10 tumors to
      progress, 3 to become static, and 4 to continue regression. Prolactin also
      maintained the growth of 4 of 8 tumors after hypophysectomy, and arrested
      regression of 3 others. Posthypophysectomy regression was also prevented and
      growth maintained by the simultaneous administration of estrogen and growth
      hormone.

PMID- 4037736
TI  - Phenotypic changes of Ab hamster melanoma during long-term culture.
AB  - Cells of the Ab hamster amelanotic melanoma in primary cell culture have
      previously been shown to melanize rapidly, detach from the glass substratum and
      lose the ability to proliferate in vitro. Recent work demonstrates that when the
      Ab cells are subcultured prior to a complete loss of proliferative ability, the
      above processes occur in the 1-3 passages. In about half of our attempts, long
      term cultures of Ab cells could be established from the few cells which remained
      attached to the glass during one of these first passages and resumed
      proliferation after a several-week period. The established long-term cultures
      showed a very low degree of melanization. Tumors which ensued from a
      reimplantation into hamsters of cells from one established long-term culture
      differed markedly from the original Ab melanoma in their phenotypic properties.

PMID- 4037737
TI  - Phase II trial of elliptinium in advanced renal cell carcinoma and carcinoma of
      the breast.
AB  - Elliptinium, 100 mg/m2 i.v. weekly, was administered to 14 patients with advanced
      renal cancer and 4 with breast cancer. There were no responses in 11 adequately
      treated patients. An unexpectedly high incidence of xerostomia, allergic, and
      hemolytic reactions were observed, which resulted in cessation of the trial.
      Recent data suggest polymer formation occurs with reconstituted elliptinium, and
      further trials are warranted when a new formulation is available.

PMID- 4037738
TI  - Variation of pH of mammary tumour cytosols: potential influence on steroid
      receptor assay.
AB  - Mammary tumour cytosols prepared for steroid receptor assay showed pH values
      above or below 7.3-7.5 in 50% of the samples. An increase of 0.6 pH units was
      observed after the addition of dextran coated charcoal. To test the sensitivity
      of the assay systems to pH changes, breast cancer cytosols were adjusted to pH
      between 6.0-9.0 before incubation with ligand at 0 degrees C. ER was then
      separated by isoelectric focusing in a pH gradient between 9.5-3.5 in a routine
      assay including a dextran coated charcoal step before focusing. PgR was assayed
      by electrofocusing as well as by a conventional DCC method and Scatchard plot.
      Unadjusted control cytosols were run in parallel. At pH above or below 7.0-8.0
      recovery of receptor was reduced, the loss being most prominent at low pH. At low
      pH levels Scatchard plots appeared to be of curvo-linear shape. The effect of low
      intracellular tumour pH on receptor-ligand affinity in vitro may be of great
      importance as well in vivo, and should be taken into consideration in the
      therapeutic situation.

PMID- 4037739
TI  - On the role of aging in cancer incidence: analysis of the lung cancer data.
AB  - Age-specific lung cancer mortality rates for U.S. males and females from 1935 to
      1978 were normalized to describe the percentage of total mortality in a given era
      which occurred at a given age interval. Correlation coefficients between age
      mortality patterns for various eras were calculated and found to be highly
      positive. We conclude that the shape of the lung cancer age-mortality pattern has
      remained remarkably constant despite dramatic changes in the carcinogenicity of
      the lung environment, and suggest that shape is determined by an invariant
      influence which is best attributed to some aspect of the aging process.

PMID- 4037740
TI  - Inhibition of protein synthesis by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody-ricin A
      chain conjugates in MOPC 315 myeloma cells.
AB  - Three monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies (AIA) to MOPC 315 IgA, G3 (IgG2b), A2
      (IgG1) and D10 (a hybrid molecule consisting of gamma 1 and gamma 2a heavy
      chains), were characterized with respect to their binding constants (Ka) to MOPC
      315 mouse myeloma cells. The Ka of G3 and A2 was 10(8)/mole; and that of D10 was
      3 X 10(7)/mole. The AIA did not bind to a non-immunoglobulin (Ig) producing
      subclone of MOPC 315 cells (MOPC 315.36). Immunotoxins derived by conjugating
      ricin A chain (RTA) to G3 and A2 but not to D10 preferentially inhibited protein
      synthesis in MOPC 315 over MOPC 315.36 cells. These results suggest that the
      effectiveness of these immunotoxins assessed on the basis of their targeted
      cytotoxicity against MOPC 315 cells was dependent on the Ka but not on the Ig
      subclass of the AIA component of the immunotoxin.

PMID- 4037741
TI  - Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. I: Quantitative analysis in gastric peptic
      ulcer and in incipient adenocarcinoma in Japanese subjects.
AB  - A novel method of quantitation of the extent of intestinal metaplasia (IM) was
      applied to 50 resected stomachs from Japanese subjects; 25 with peptic gastric
      ulcer, 25 with incipient adenocarcinoma. The total length of the IM was
      significantly larger (p less than 0.05) in incipient adenocarcinomas than in
      peptic ulcers; the total length of the gastric mucosa analyzed being similar in
      the two groups. The intestinal metaplasia index (IMI; i.e. the ratio between IM
      and the length of the gastric mucosa analyzed) in incipient adenocarcinomas was
      significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in gastric ulcers. In incipient
      adenocarcinomas, the IMI decreased significantly (p. less than 0.001) from lesser
      towards greater curvature. In peptic ulcers, the decrease was less abrupt. In 12
      of the 25 specimens, the incipient adenocarcinoma was classified as intestinal
      type, and in the remaining 13 specimens as diffuse type. The total length of the
      IM was significantly larger (p less than 0.01) in specimens with intestinal type
      adenocarcinoma than in specimens with diffuse type; the total length of the
      gastric mucosa investigated being similar in the two groups. The IMI was
      significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in specimens containing intestinal type
      adenocarcinoma as compared to those with diffuse type adenocarcinoma. This was
      valid for the lesser curvature, for the mucosa adjacent to the lesser curvature,
      and for the mucosa by the greater curvature. From the results, it is apparent
      that intestinal metaplasia is a widely occurring phenomenon not only in specimens
      with intestinal type incipient adenocarcinoma or with diffuse type incipient
      adenocarcinoma, but also with benign peptic ulcer. The difference resides in that
      the metaplastic mucosa is more universally distributed in specimens with
      incipient intestinal adenocarcinomas (provided that longitudinal mucosal areas
      are considered in the comparison). The quantitative method herein reported will
      be applied in the future to compare the extent and distribution of intestinal
      metaplasia in gastric specimens from various geographical regions having
      disparate incidences of gastric ulcers and carcinomas.

PMID- 4037743
TI  - Activity of multiple sclerosis during pregnancy and puerperium.

PMID- 4037742
TI  - Enzymological and morphological changes in rat intestinal mucosa following
      treatment with alkylating sugar alcohol derivatives.
AB  - Wistar rats were treated with alkylating sugar alcohol derivatives,
      dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) and diacetyldyanhydrogalactitol (Diac-DAG),
      respectively. The drugs were intravenously administered as a single, bolus
      injection. The applied doses 2.5, 5, 10, 17 mg/kg DAG and 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg
      Diac-DAG were roughly equitoxic. The effect of these cytostatic agents was
      studied on the different marker enzymes (thymidine kinase, xanthine oxidase,
      alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, maltase) of the separated mucosa cells derived
      from the functional and proliferating zone of the small intestine. Both DAG and
      Diac-DAG inhibited the enzyme activities of the proliferating and mature
      enterocytes in a dose dependent fashion, primarily acting on the crypt specific
      thymidine kinase. The time dependent sequence in the biochemical alterations
      correlated well with the cytomorphological changes. The drug-induced damage was
      most pronounced 48 hours after a single treatment. The regeneration of the
      intestinal mucosa began on days 3 and 4 and was completed by day 7. Diac-DAG at
      equimolar concentration proved to be more toxic than DAG on the intestine as
      judged by the significantly higher decrease of protein content and xanthine
      oxidase activity.

PMID- 4037744
TI  - Sustained myoclonus in a woman with startle epilepsy.

PMID- 4037745
TI  - Marchiafava-Bignami disease: computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance
      imaging.

PMID- 4037746
TI  - Alzheimer's disease: no alteration in the physical state of erythrocyte membrane
      glycoconjugates.

PMID- 4037747
TI  - 31P NMR study of cerebral metabolism during prolonged seizures in the neonatal
      dog.
AB  - The effects of prolonged bicuculline-induced seizures on cerebral blood flow and
      metabolism were determined in paralyzed, mechanically ventilated neonatal dogs.
      Transient changes occurring early in the course of status epilepticus included
      significant arterial hypertension, hypocarbia, elevation of plasma norepinephrine
      levels, and decline in brain glucose concentration. Cerebral blood flow remained
      elevated throughout the 45 minutes of seizure. Determination of cerebral
      metabolite values by in vivo phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy and by in vitro enzymatic analysis of frozen brain samples showed
      significant decreases in the level of phosphocreatine and relatively less change
      in ATP values. Progressive intracellular acidosis occurred, coincident with
      elevation of brain lactate concentrations. We conclude that the physiological and
      metabolic alterations that occur during prolonged seizures are not uniform, but
      change with time. Any hypothesis advanced to explain the mechanism of neuronal
      injury during prolonged seizures must take into account these temporally related
      changes.

PMID- 4037748
TI  - Evoked potential testing in relatives of multiple sclerosis patients.
AB  - Evoked potential (EP) tests were obtained in 110 neurologically normal first
      degree relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis. Visual EP tests were
      performed in all relatives; brainstem auditory and median nerve somatosensory EP
      tests were performed in 67 relatives. The relatives had a mean visual EP P100
      latency that was significantly longer than that for normal subjects controlled
      for age and gender. Asymmetries were seen in results from individual MS
      relatives, including interocular visual EP P100 differences of up to 14 ms, and
      interarm somatosensory Erb-N18 differences of up to 3.0 ms. We identified 19
      pairs of patients and relatives who were HLA identical and 18 other pairs who
      were HLA double nonmatched. EP asymmetries were seen more often in the HLA
      identical siblings than in the HLA double patients, especially if they share HLA
      types with the patients. Since less than 2% of siblings of MS patients would be
      expected to eventually develop clinical MS, these small subclinical
      electrophysiological changes are not expected to be a sign of the future
      appearance of clinical MS. Clinicians should be aware not to overinterpret small
      EP changes in relatives of MS patients.

PMID- 4037749
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of trihexyphenidyl after short-term and long-term administration
      to dystonic patients.
AB  - Although trihexyphenidyl has been used effectively for many years in the
      treatment of Parkinson's disease, little is known about its pharmacokinetics.
      Using a sensitive radioreceptor assay for anticholinergic drugs, we assayed
      trihexyphenidyl in human serum and studied its pharmacokinetics following short
      term and long-term administration to patients with dystonia. Previously untreated
      patients had a biphasic semilogarithmic plot of serum concentration-time
      consisting of an initial rapid distribution phase and a later slower elimination
      phase. Patients on long-term treatment showed only the slower elimination phase.
      Elimination followed first-order kinetics and was rapid, with a half-life of 3.7
      +/- 0.4 (SEM) hours. There was no relationship between half-life and peak serum
      level, age, duration of therapy, or etiology or severity of dystonia. Although
      acute anticholinergic side effects paralleled the rise and fall of serum
      anticholinergic levels, the response of dystonia did not.

PMID- 4037750
TI  - Decreased sympathetic neuronal uptake in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension.
AB  - The disappearance rates from plasma of intravenously administered levo
      norepinephrine (l-NE), dextro-norepinephrine (d-NE), and isoproterenol (ISO) were
      measured in normal subjects and in patients with either multiple-system atrophy
      (MSA) or idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (IOH). The two isomers, l-NE and d
      NE, were removed at similar rates in all groups. In normal subjects, the d and l
      isomers of norepinephrine were cleared more rapidly than ISO. In patients with
      IOH, the initial rates of disappearance of the NE isomers from plasma were slower
      than normal and similar to the rate for ISO disappearance. Plasma NE levels, NE
      clearance, and the apparent release rate of NE into plasma from sympathetic
      neurons were significantly lower in patients with IOH than in normal subjects.
      Only the apparent NE secretion rate was related to the baseline plasma NE level.
      Sympathetic neuronal dysfunction in IOH is attended by a reduction in the
      clearance of NE. The very low plasma NE levels, in association with the striking
      reduction in NE clearance, suggest that in IOH there is a marked decrease in NE
      release. NE clearance and apparent NE secretion rate are normal in MSA,
      consistent with a central nervous system dysfunction in regulating the
      sympathetic nervous system. Neuronal uptake of NE in humans does not appear to be
      stereoselective.

PMID- 4037751
TI  - Leukoencephalopathy in diffuse hemorrhagic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
AB  - We have studied 12 patients with diffuse hemorrhagic cerebral amyloid angiopathy
      clinically and at postmortem examination. The brains in 8 patients had diffuse
      bilateral loss of myelin in the hemispheric white matter sparing the U fibers,
      corpus callosum, and internal capsules. The periventricular areas were
      predominantly affected. Microscopic examination of the white matter showed an
      association with subacute or chronic edematous lesions: spongiosis, swollen
      oligodendroglia, widening of the perivascular spaces with edema fluid or
      siderophages, hyalinization of the blood vessel walls, incomplete myelin loss,
      and astrocytic gliosis. Three of 8 autopsied patients had undergone computed
      tomographic examination, which showed bilateral hypodensity of the hemispheric
      white matter. The brains of 4 patients with illnesses of shorter duration showed
      only discrete but similar lesions in the centrum semiovale. These white matter
      changes are similar to those observed in Binswanger's subcortical encephalopathy.
      We suggest that a common mechanism of hypoperfusion of the distal white matter
      causes the leukoencephalopathy.

PMID- 4037752
TI  - Ganglioside patterns in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis brain regions.
AB  - In a search for evidence of biochemical disorders in regions of postmortem brain
      other than the motor cortex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ganglioside
      patterns were also examined in the frontal, temporal, and parahippocampal gyrus
      cortex. In 21 ALS brains studied (20 sporadic, 1 familial), abnormal patterns
      were found in the frontal cortex (81%), temporal cortex (75%), motor cortex
      (70%), and parahippocampal gyrus cortex (71%). Patterns were established by
      measuring the percentage distribution of 12 ganglioside species. Two abnormal
      patterns were detected. One was based on low proportions of GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b
      associated with high proportions of GM2 and GD3 (GM1, GD1a, GD2, and GT1a values
      were normal). The second abnormality was the appearance of Gx. Neither
      abnormality was seen in the 13 non-ALS control brains. The first, and
      predominant, abnormality was found in the frontal cortex in 14 brains, and the
      second was observed in 13 brains; 10 brains showed both abnormalities. These
      findings thus constitute evidence that the disease process in ALS extends beyond
      the motor cortex and involves neurons in several brain areas.

PMID- 4037753
TI  - Acute traumatic midbrain hemorrhage.
AB  - A syndrome resulting from traumatic midbrain hemorrhage is described in 5
      patients, 3 of whom had intracranial pressure measurements and 2 of whom had
      pathological examinations. The major clinical signs, evident immediately after
      injury, are coma, dilated (4 to 8 mm diameter) pupils that are fixed to light and
      dark, diminished limb tone, and impaired horizontal eye movements. The
      hemorrhages are single and linear or oval-shaped in the midsagittal rostral
      midbrain, extending several millimeters bilaterally. The appearance of the
      hematoma may be delayed on computed tomographic scanning, but early abnormalities
      of wave V of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials aid in diagnosis.
      Pathological features suggest that secondary brainstem distortion occurred soon
      after injury, perhaps resulting from a transiently raised intracranial pressure,
      but shearing injuries caused by acceleration-deceleration forces were also found.

PMID- 4037754
TI  - Serum prolactin and cortisol levels in evaluation of pseudoepileptic seizures.
AB  - In 6 patients with epilepsy, a twofold increase in serum prolactin levels
      followed true epileptic seizures, but no significant change followed
      pseudoepileptic attacks in 6 other patients. Serum prolactin concentration is a
      useful biochemical marker to distinguish between epileptic and pseudoepileptic
      seizures. Serum cortisol levels also increased after epileptic seizures, but
      diurnal and individual variations render the cortisol level a less reliable
      indicator of such attacks.

PMID- 4037755
TI  - The clinical value of free phenytoin levels.
AB  - The relationship between total and free phenytoin levels and drug toxicity was
      studied in 80 patients. Twenty-four were taking phenytoin alone. Drug toxicity
      was assessed by a "blind" rater using an eight-point standardized scoring system.
      The mean free phenytoin fraction was 0.076 in patients taking phenytoin alone or
      phenytoin and carbamazepine and 0.11 in patients taking valproic acid (p less
      than 0.001). The free fraction did not change with the total level over the range
      tested (6.7 to 39.9 micrograms/ml total phenytoin). There was a strong
      correlation between free and total levels (r = 0.84). Both free (r = 0.59) and
      total (r = 0.49) phenytoin levels were positively correlated with the toxicity
      score. Only total phenytoin levels showed a weak positive correlation with
      decreasing seizure frequency. Our results suggest that routine free phenytoin
      level monitoring is not necessary in most clinical situations.

PMID- 4037756
TI  - Metachromatic leukodystrophy manifesting as a schizophrenic disorder: computed
      tomographic correlation.
AB  - A 32-year-old woman with a 12-year history of schizophrenia demonstrated
      symmetrical bifrontal and biparietal periventricular hypodensities on computed
      tomographic scan. Sural nerve biopsy and urine and leukocyte enzyme assay
      confirmed the diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy. The computed tomographic
      correlate in an adult with metachromatic leukodystrophy in whom the psychiatric
      manifestations were the predominant clinical feature is described.

PMID- 4037757
TI  - Hip flexion-abduction to elicit asterixis in unresponsive patients.
AB  - Asterixis at the hip joints can be elicited by a simple diagnostic maneuver in
      which the hips are passively flexed and abducted about 60 to 90 degrees between
      the thighs. The test evoked asterixis in 8 of 10 patients who were stuporous or
      semicomatose because of hepatic encephalopathy. The asterixis seems to be
      provoked by the involuntary contraction of hip adductors against gravity.

PMID- 4037758
TI  - Human cutaneous mechanoreceptors during regeneration: physiology and
      interpretation.
AB  - Percutaneous microneurography was used to record activity from single cutaneous
      afferents reinnervating the glabrous skin of the hand. Recordings were obtained
      from 6 months to 10 years after complete transsection of the median and/or ulnar
      nerves with subsequent repair. Transitional properties in the discharge behavior
      and receptive field characteristics of regenerating afferents were detected
      during the early stages of regeneration, when axonal maturation was still in
      progress; these may contribute to the slow time course of sensory recovery.
      Properties of reinnervated receptors long after nerve repair, when regeneration
      can be considered complete, indicated a correlation between electrophysiological
      findings and the final state of clinical recovery. The insights into the neural
      basis of sensory deficits provided by single-unit microneurography are not
      yielded by conventional study of the compound action potentials. This technique
      reveals new information about the pathophysiological nature of peripheral nerve
      injury and leads to a reinterpretation of clinical deficits.

PMID- 4037759
TI  - Investigation of human mitochondrial myopathies by phosphorus magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy.
AB  - Abnormal mitochondria are an increasingly recognized cause of neuromuscular
      disease. We have used phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor
      noninvasively the metabolism of high-energy phosphates and the intracellular pH
      of human skeletal muscle in vivo in 12 patients with mitochondrial myopathy. At
      rest, an abnormality could be demonstrated in 11 of 12 patients. Ten patients had
      evidence of a reduced muscle energy state with at least one of the following
      abnormalities: low phosphorylation potential, low phosphocreatine concentration,
      high adenosine diphosphate concentration, or high inorganic phosphate
      concentration. Two patients had abnormal resting muscle intracellular pH. In some
      patients phosphocreatine concentration decreased to low values during exercise
      despite limited work output. This was not accompanied by particularly severe
      intracellular acidosis. Evidence of impaired rephosphorylation of adenosine
      diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate during recovery from exercise was found in
      approximately half the patients. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy is
      useful in the noninvasive diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathies and in defining
      the pathophysiological basis of these disorders.

PMID- 4037760
TI  - Localization of lead in rat peripheral nerve by electron microscopy.
AB  - Lead intoxication in rats reliably produces segmental demyelination. Following a
      single intravenous injection of radioactive lead, localization of tracer was
      observed sequentially by quantitative electron microscopical autoradiography. The
      animals injected had been on a lead-containing diet for 70 days; as a result, the
      blood-nerve barrier was broken down and demyelination was proceeding. Six hours
      after a single dose, the lead was localized to the endoneurial space of the
      peroneal nerve, and 72 hours later, to the myelin membrane. Lead may exert a
      direct effect on the membrane and alter its stability both by altering the lipid
      content of the membrane and by directly interfering with the lamellar structure.

PMID- 4037761
TI  - Volume depletion and natriuresis in patients with a ruptured intracranial
      aneurysm.
AB  - We studied the sodium balance and changes in plasma volume by an isotope dilution
      technique in the first week after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in 21
      patients. In 11 of the patients, the plasma volume decreased by more than 10%.
      This was accompanied by a negative sodium balance and hyponatremia in 6 patients,
      a negative sodium balance without hyponatremia in 4 patients, and a positive
      sodium balance in 1 patient. Together with a decrease in plasma volume, blood
      urea nitrogen content increased and body weight decreased. Three patients
      developed hyponatremia without a decrease in plasma volume. Serum vasopressin was
      measured in 14 of the 21 patients. The values were elevated on admission and
      declined in the first week, regardless of the presence of hyponatremia. These
      findings indicate that natriuresis and hyponatremia in aneurysmal subarachnoid
      hemorrhage reflect salt wasting and not inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic
      hormone and that these changes should be corrected by fluid replacement rather
      than by fluid restriction.

PMID- 4037762
TI  - Leptomeningeal dissemination of primary central nervous system tumors of
      childhood.
AB  - Presymptomatic craniospinal radiation therapy improves the rate of survival for
      children with brain tumors, which frequently metastasize to the leptomeninges.
      Radiotherapy may cause neurological damage and should be used only in patients
      considered to be at highest risk for leptomeningeal dissemination (LMS) at either
      the time of initial diagnosis or onset of disease relapse. We reviewed 314
      consecutive patients with brain tumors to determine the incidence, timing, and
      importance of LMS. LMS occurred in 60 (19%) children. LMS occurred before
      diagnosis in 30 patients, as the only site of relapse or simultaneously with
      local first disease recurrence in 17 patients, and after local disease recurrence
      in 13 patients. Children with primitive neuroectodermal tumors, anaplastic
      gliomas, and ependymomas most frequently had LMS. Patients with primitive
      neuroectodermal tumors and posterior fossa anaplastic gliomas frequently had LMS
      before diagnosis or at the onset of relapse, whereas patients with ependymomas
      had LMS after local disease relapse. Both myelography and cerebrospinal fluid
      cytological examination are required to diagnose LMS.

PMID- 4037763
TI  - Developmental dyslexia: four consecutive patients with cortical anomalies.
AB  - We report the neuroanatomical findings in 4 consecutively studied brains of men
      with developmental dyslexia. The patients, who ranged in age between 14 and 32
      years, were diagnosed as dyslexic during life. Nonrighthandedness and several
      autoimmune and atopic illnesses were present in the personal and family
      histories. All brains showed developmental anomalies of the cerebral cortex.
      These consisted of neuronal ectopias and architectonic dysplasias located mainly
      in perisylvian regions and affecting predominantly the left hemisphere.
      Furthermore, all brains showed a deviation from the standard pattern of cerebral
      asymmetry characterized by symmetry of the planum temporale. The neuroanatomical
      findings in these 4 patients are discussed with reference to developmental
      cortical anomalies, cerebral asymmetries, reorganization of the brain after early
      lesions, and the association between learning disorders, left handedness, and
      diseases of the immune system.

PMID- 4037764
TI  - The clinical spectrum of necrotizing angiopathy of the peripheral nervous system.
AB  - The peripheral neuropathy seen with necrotizing angiopathy is said to begin
      classically as a mononeuritis multiplex, usually associated with polyarteritis
      nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Our experience,
      however, suggests that a large number of these patients do not have a well
      defined collagen vascular disease or the typical clinical pattern. In 350
      consecutive nerve biopsies (sural or superficial radial), 16 patients showed a
      necrotizing angiopathy in the epineurial blood vessels. Six of these 16 patients
      had a distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The remaining 10 had a
      mononeuritis multiplex, although in 8 overlapping nerve involvement somewhat
      obscured the picture of mononeuritis. In 12 patients, no specific underlying
      collagen vascular disease could be diagnosed by accepted criteria despite
      extensive clinical, radiological, and serological evaluations. The peripheral
      neuropathy was the only objective evidence of vasculitis in 7 of these 12
      patients. Our findings suggest that patients with a peripheral neuropathy
      secondary to necrotizing angiopathy often do not have a definable collagen
      vascular disease. In fact, peripheral neuropathy may be the sole manifestation of
      vasculitis. Furthermore, the neuropathy was found to be a distal symmetrical
      sensorimotor neuropathy in a higher proportion of cases than has been documented
      previously.

PMID- 4037765
TI  - Treatment of central nervous system sarcoidosis with radiotherapy.
AB  - This report documents the twelve-year follow-up of a patient with
      neurosarcoidosis with multiple progressive central nervous system manifestations.
      Increased somnolence and seizure activity were associated with proliferation of
      nodular enhancing brain lesions, as seen on serial computed tomographic (CT)
      scans. Initially he responded to corticosteroid treatment, but gradually this
      response became unsatisfactory. After whole-brain irradiation with a total dose
      of 3,000 rads, his clinical symptoms improved with disappearance of the enhancing
      brain lesions seen on CT scan.

PMID- 4037766
TI  - Isolated angiitis of the central nervous system.
AB  - Angiitis confined to the central nervous system is a rare disorder in which
      inflammation and consequent irregular narrowings of medium-sized cerebral
      arteries are prominent. Clinical and radiological features in 3 patients with
      this condition are described. All patients responded to either steroid or steroid
      plus azathioprine therapy.

PMID- 4037767
TI  - Self-abatement of complex partial seizures.
AB  - Seven of 71 patients with complex partial seizures claimed they were able to
      abate their seizures, while none of 18 with simple partial seizures were able to
      do so. Self-abatement exercises included highly stereotyped cognitive and
      physical components unique to the individual. Those who could abate their
      seizures had attained higher educational status, better social and vocational
      adjustment, and better psychological adjustment than did the control group of
      patients with epilepsy. The self-abatement group was also more likely to have
      right hemispheric electroencephalographic abnormalities. Characterization of the
      self-abatement group may be relevant to the selection of candidates for
      behavioral therapy for epilepsy.

PMID- 4037768
TI  - Hypertensive encephalopathy: diffuse reversible white matter CT abnormalities.

PMID- 4037769
TI  - Synergistic activity of combinations of recombinant human alpha interferon and
      acyclovir, administered concomitantly and in sequence, against a lethal herpes
      simplex virus type 1 infection in mice.
AB  - The nucleoside analog acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] and the hybrid
      recombinant human alpha interferon (rHuIFN-alpha A/D) were evaluated in weanling
      mice for their efficacy alone and in combination against a lethal systemic
      infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. Simultaneous parenteral treatment
      with combinations of both agents at various doses resulted in a higher percentage
      of survival than when either agent was administered alone, with a synergistic
      interaction demonstrated at certain dose combinations. Sequential administration
      of parenteral rHuIFN-alpha A/D and oral acyclovir, administered by gavage or
      supplied ad libitum in drinking water, resulted in a synergistic interaction at
      all dose combinations tested. These results suggest that combinations of
      interferon and acyclovir may be useful in treating primary herpes simplex virus
      infections in humans.

PMID- 4037770
TI  - Comparison of topically applied 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine and acyclovir in the
      treatment of cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs.
AB  - Three percent 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) in an aqueous cream base was compared
      with 5% acyclovir (ACV) in polyethylene glycol ointment and 3% EdU in 95%
      dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for efficacy in the topical treatment of an
      experimental dorsal cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in guinea
      pigs. Topical ACV treatment reduced the mean lesion number by 15%, the lesion
      area by 32%, and the lesion virus titer by 60% when compared with measurements at
      contralateral sites treated with the vehicle alone. Application of 3% EdU cream
      was more beneficial, effecting reductions of 29, 44, and 68% in the same
      measurements. EdU in DMSO was even more effective, reducing the lesion
      measurements by 39, 60, and 90%, respectively. The penetration of EdU and ACV
      through guinea pig skin was compared in single-chamber diffusion cells. In the
      aqueous cream, EdU readily penetrated excised skin and exhibited rates of flux 10
      fold greater than those shown by ACV in ointment formulation (0.56 versus 0.05
      microgram/cm2 per h; P = 0.05). The flux of EdU in DMSO was 3.39 micrograms/cm2
      per h, six times higher than the flux in the cream vehicle. EdU was more
      effective than ACV in this experimental animal model, most likely due to better
      percutaneous drug delivery of EdU from the cream and DMSO vehicles.

PMID- 4037772
TI  - Cefotaxime diffusion into cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis.
AB  - Cefotaxime diffused consistently and in therapeutic levels into the cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) of 13 children successfully treated for bacterial meningitis. CSF
      cefotaxime levels early (6.0 micrograms/ml) and late (1.2 micrograms/ml) in
      treatment were severalfold the MBCs for the infecting organisms. After a single
      40-mg/kg dose to each of five infants with ventriculostomies, mean CSF levels of
      cefotaxime were 6.4, 5.7, and 4.5 micrograms/ml at 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively.

PMID- 4037771
TI  - Difference in blister fluid penetration after single and multiple doses of
      ceftriaxone.
AB  - Plasma and suction skin blister fluid concentrations of ceftriaxone were studied
      in 12 subjects after intravenous administration of 1 g of ceftriaxone every 12 h
      (q12h) and 2 g every 24 h (q24h) after single and multiple doses. Ceftriaxone
      concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Mean peak
      plasma concentrations (at the end of the 5-min infusion) were 254.0 and 374.8
      micrograms/ml after administration of 1 g q12h after single and multiple doses,
      respectively. Similarly, with 2 g q24h, maximum levels were 409.6 and 443.5
      micrograms/ml. Forty-eight hours after the last dose of ceftriaxone, plasma
      concentrations were still detectable: 1.2 micrograms/ml after 1 g q12h and 3.0
      micrograms/ml after 2 g q24h. Higher ceftriaxone concentrations were observed in
      blister fluid after multiple doses than after a single dose. Peak concentrations
      almost doubled in the blister fluid after multiple doses: 36.0 versus 67.0
      micrograms/ml and 38.6 versus 68.9 micrograms/ml for 1 g q12h and 2 g q24h,
      respectively. Elimination half-life of ceftriaxone in the blister (8.3 and 11.5
      h) was longer than plasma half-life (6.3 h). With the area under the
      concentration-time curve ratio, a 113% increase in tissue penetration was
      observed after multiple doses for the 1 g q12h regimen. The free plasma and
      blister fluid ceftriaxone concentrations observed at the end of the dosing
      interval of the 2 g q24h regimen were higher than the MIC for 90% of the
      susceptible microorganisms and justified the once-a-day use of ceftriaxone.

PMID- 4037773
TI  - Effects of elevation of serum cholesterol and administration of amphotericin B
      complexed to lipoproteins on amphotericin B-induced toxicity in rabbits.
AB  - Amphotericin B was infused into normal rabbits or rabbits made
      hypercholesterolemic by diet. There was no difference in amphotericin B-induced
      toxicity between these two groups. Amphotericin B given in a mixture with human
      low-density lipoproteins was more toxic than when given without lipoproteins.

PMID- 4037774
TI  - Pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefoperazone in infants.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone were evaluated in 25 infants (mean age, 26
      days) after intramuscular and intravenous routes of administration. The levels in
      blood that were achieved were severalfold higher than those required to inhibit
      common pathogens. The mean half-life of 240 min was one-half of that observed in
      1- to 2-day-old infants but about twice that seen in adults. Further evaluation
      is needed to study the efficacy of the drug in infants and children.

PMID- 4037775
TI  - In vitro susceptibilities of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, and
      Aeromonas caviae to 22 antimicrobial agents.
AB  - MICs of 22 antimicrobial agents for 60 strains of three Aeromonas species were
      determined by a microdilution method. The newer cephalosporins such as
      moxalactam, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone, the aminoglycosides, and
      chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
      inhibited most of the strains studied. Within the genus, A. hydrophila was more
      resistant than either A. caviae or A. sobria to the antibiotics tested.

PMID- 4037776
TI  - Specific inhibition of spermidine synthesis in Mycobacteria spp. by the dextro
      isomer of ethambutol.
AB  - Only the dextro isomer of ethambutol inhibited mycobacterial spermidine synthase
      and spermidine biosynthesis. Inhibition of mycobacterial spermidine synthase
      appeared to be specific. Spermidine synthase from Mycobacterium fortuitum, which
      was resistant to ethambutol in vitro, required a higher concentration of
      ethambutol for its inhibition than the enzyme of susceptible Mycobacterium bovis.

PMID- 4037777
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous amdinocillin in healthy subjects and patients
      with renal insufficiency.
AB  - Five healthy volunteers and 31 patients with various degrees of renal impairment
      received a 10-mg/kg intravenous dose of amdinocillin by infusion over 15 min to
      establish the disposition profile of the drug in plasma and urine. Both clearance
      from plasma and elimination rate constant showed a linear relationship with
      creatinine clearance. It was noted that in subjects with creatinine clearances of
      greater than 50 ml/min, the elimination half-life remained relatively constant;
      however, as the creatinine clearance decreased from 50 to 5 ml/min, there was a
      progressive rise in the elimination half-life. Despite the removal of the drug by
      hemodialysis (32 to 72% of the dose), concentrations of amdinocillin in plasma
      remained in the therapeutic range. In patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis,
      less than 4.0% of the infused dose was removed by dialysis during the hourly
      exchanges over a 14- to 18-h period. Although the clearance from plasma and the
      half-life of amdinocillin were altered up to fourfold in patients with creatinine
      clearances of less than 15 ml/min, the amdinocillin dosage per se may not need to
      be reduced for these patients if the frequency of dosing is reduced from six to
      three or four times daily. This is based on drug accumulation estimates of 56%
      from a regimen of 10 mg/kg every 8 h in these patients as compared with less than
      10% from a regimen of 10 mg/kg every 4 h in subjects with normal renal function.
      In addition, supplemental doses may not be necessary during or at the end of
      hemodialysis for patients undergoing hemodialysis.

PMID- 4037778
TI  - Reisolation of Ruminobacter parvum.
AB  - A cellulolytic gram-negative ovoid motile rod (strain GS III) was isolated from
      an in vitro incubation of ground barley straw in rumen fluid. The anaerobic, non
      sporulating, mesophilic organism strongly answered the original description of
      Ruminobacter parvum (Kaars Sijpesteijn, 1948). The strain GS III fermented
      pyruvate, D-arabinose, D-xylose, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, cellulose,
      dextrin, xylan and pectin. Products from cellobiose were D-lactate, ethanol,
      acetate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. A heat-resistant factor in yeast extract
      that was not a B-vitamin, a metal or one of the volatile fatty acids was required
      for growth. The mol % G + C was 51.9. The organism was lost after prolonged
      subculture.

PMID- 4037779
TI  - Production, purification and partial characterization of an endo
      polygalacturonase from Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus.
AB  - Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus produced an extracellular endo
      polygalacturonase (poly (1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide) glycanohydrolase EC 3.2.1.15)
      when grown in a synthetic medium containing one of a variety of pectic substances
      or galacturonic acid. The highest level of enzyme activity (15.5 VU X ml-1) was
      obtained after 72 h of growth on 1.0% low-methoxyl pectin. The enzyme, purified
      by gel filtration (Sephadex G-100) after repeated ammonium sulphate precipitation
      and dialysis, showed only one band by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had
      the following properties: mol wt (MWr) 41000 dal; isoelectric point (pI) = 8.10
      +/- 0.10; optimum temperature and pH for activity around 37 degrees C and pH
      3.75, respectively; pH stability in the pH range 4.0 to 8.0; complete heat
      inactivation after 10 min at 55 degrees C; Km and Vmax values 5.7 X 10(-1) mg X
      ml-1 and 5.1 X 10(-1) mmoles X min-1, respectively.

PMID- 4037780
TI  - Conspecificity of Hanseniaspora nodinigri and Hanseniaspora vineae: comparison by
      DNA reassociation.
AB  - Hanseniaspora nodinigri Lachance 1981, found in black knots (caused by Dibotryon
      morbosum) of Prunus virginiana, was described as a new species, some time after
      publication of the extensive study by Meyer et al. (1978) on the systematics of
      Hanseniaspora Zikes and its imperfect counterpart Kloeckera Janke. Lachance
      delimited the species from other members of the genus because of absence of
      growth on glucono-delta-lactone. He also stated that this species, although
      evidently similar in many ways to H. vineae van der Walt et Tscheuschner and H.
      osmophila (Niehaus) Phaff et al., has 'diverged from them, possibly in its
      adaptation to growth in association with black knots'.

PMID- 4037781
TI  - Temperature-dependent lipid content and fatty acid composition of three
      thermophilic bacteria.
AB  - The lipid content and fatty acid composition of a strain of Bacillus caldolyticus
      and of two facultative thermophiles (B. flavothermus and strain NZ-2) were
      analysed after growth at different temperatures. In all three strains the amount
      of membrane, as a fraction of total cellular dry mass, was found to increase with
      temperature, however, in varying degrees. Changes of lipid content and
      protein/lipid ratio in B. caldolyticus between 60 degrees C and 100 degrees C and
      in strain NZ-2 between 45 degrees C and 70 degrees C were minor; in B.
      flavothermus the alterations in the 50 degrees C-70 degrees C range were more
      pronounced. The same was found for changes observed in the phospholipid/total
      lipid and phospholipid/membrane ratios, and also in the amounts of individual
      phospholipids. The alterations of the fatty acid composition were most
      significant in B. caldolyticus, especially between 80 degrees C and 95 degrees C.
      In contrast, the main changes in B. flavothermus and NZ-2 were found to occur
      between 30 degrees C and 50 degrees C, and between 45 degrees C and 60 degrees C,
      respectively. Based on these data, strain NZ-2 could be characterized as the
      least and B. flavothermus as the most versatile of the three organisms.

PMID- 4037782
TI  - Improvement of sporulation in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica.
AB  - Strains of Yarrowia lipolytica forming exclusively spherical ascospores were
      developed through inbreeding. These strains are more suitable for
      micromanipulation than other inbred strains forming helm-shaped ascospores.
      External factors affecting sporulation frequency and tetrad formation in this
      yeast were investigated. Optimal formation of complete tetrads occurred at a
      narrow range of pH values around 6.0. Citrate was found to stimulate sporulation
      strongly. A synthetic medium containing citrate was developed to obtain standard
      conditions for maximum sporulation.

PMID- 4037783
TI  - Thermostability of enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of Bacillus coagulans.
AB  - The thermostability of four enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle has been
      studied in the facultative thermophile, Bacillus coagulans. Although isocitrate
      dehydrogenase appeared to be more temperature-sensitive in whole-cell extracts of
      cultures grown at 30 degrees C compared with that in cultures grown at 55 degrees
      C, this difference could be largely eliminated by the removal of cell-wall
      material. The specific activity of each of the enzymes examined was approximately
      threefold higher in cultures grown at 55 degrees C than in those grown at 30
      degrees C. The maximum temperature, Arrhenius plot and effect of stabilizing
      agents for each enzyme were examined and found to be independent of growth
      temperature. Sodium chloride (10% w/v) was an effective protective agent for
      fumarase, aconitase and malate dehydrogenase. Protection from thermal
      denaturation of isocitrate dehydrogenase, aconitase and fumarase but not malate
      dehydrogenase was also given when the enzymes were heated in the presence of
      their substrates. These results are discussed in light of the generalized
      theories of facultative thermophily which have been proposed.

PMID- 4037784
TI  - Plasmid-determined cloacin DF13-susceptibility in Enterobacter cloacae and
      Klebsiella edwardsii; identification of the cloacin DF13/aerobactin outer
      membrane receptor proteins.
AB  - Both Enterobacter cloacae H478 and Klebsiella edwardsii S15 were shown to harbour
      a relatively large conjugative plasmid that coded for cloacin DF13-susceptibility
      and the production and uptake of a hydroxamate iron chelator, most probably
      aerobactin. Protein-blotting experiments with antiserum raised against the
      purified cloacin DF13/aerobactin receptor protein from Escherichia coli (Co1V
      K30) revealed that the corresponding outer membrane receptor proteins of Ent.
      cloacae H478 and K. edwardsii S15 had apparent mol wts of 85 000 and 76 000,
      respectively. E. coli transconjugants harbouring either the plasmid from Ent.
      cloacae H478 or K. edwardsii S15 expressed a cloacin DF13/aerobactin outer
      membrane receptor protein with a mol wt of 74 000. The receptor protein encoded
      by the Ent. cloacae and K. edwardsii plasmids were immunologically more related
      to each other than to the pCo1V-K30-encoded receptor protein.

PMID- 4037785
TI  - Fish flesh agar medium--a suitable experimental medium for the detection of
      spoilage bacteria.
AB  - The spoilage characteristics of bacterial strains were studied by growing them at
      28 +/- 2 degrees C in agar and broth media prepared with sterile fish and prawn
      flesh homogenates. The percentage of spoilers found among the bacterial isolates
      tested, as shown by odour production and halo zone formation, was independent of
      the source of flesh used. Indole and fluorescent pigment production were also
      observed in the broth. Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Acinetobacter exhibited faster
      growth in flesh media than in the usual artificial media. Decrease of protein and
      lipid concentration in the clear zone of agar media suggests the utilization of
      the available substrate by spoilage bacteria.

PMID- 4037786
TI  - Influence of self-monitoring on heterosexual conversational behaviors of head
      trauma youth.
AB  - This study evaluates the impact of self-monitoring on three heterosexual
      conversational behaviors of head trauma youths. Two 5-minute audiotaped
      conversations occurred daily between the youths and unfamiliar female
      confederates. Two conversations occurring on alternate days in clinical and
      natural conversational settings were scored for the frequency of compliments,
      questions, and self-disclosures. A multiple baseline analysis with alternating
      treatments for "instructions to self-monitor" and "no instructions to self
      monitor" revealed (a) self-monitoring had an accelerative effect on compliments
      and questions and a decelerative effect on self-disclosure; (b) self-monitoring
      effects were maintained despite transferring from a mechanical counter to an
      unspecified covert monitoring procedure; (c) self-monitoring had a comparable
      effect whether employed in a clinical or functional communication setting; (d)
      performance of the target behavior was most strongly influenced under the
      "instructions to self-monitor condition;" (e) once intervention was directed to
      another response, the rate under the instructions and no instruction conditions
      became equivalent; and (f) the results maintained over a 1-month follow-up for
      one youth available for observation. Finally, social comparison and subjective
      evaluation data supported the importance of intervention.

PMID- 4037787
TI  - Effects of delayed versus immediate attention to oral reading errors on the
      reading proficiency of mentally retarded children.
AB  - The impact of two variations of teacher attention to oral reading errors and a no
      treatment control condition were compared in an alternating treatments design.
      For four moderately mentally retarded children, each uncorrected oral reading
      error was followed by: (a) immediate teacher attention, with the teacher
      correcting the error word as soon as it occurred, (b) delayed teacher attention,
      with the teacher correcting the error word at the end of the sentence in which it
      occurred or within 10 to 15 seconds if the subject paused following an error, or
      (c) no teacher attention. Both immediate and delayed teacher attention were
      effective in reducing the number of uncorrected oral reading errors and
      increasing the number of self-corrections when compared to the no-treatment
      control. However, the delayed condition had greater effect than the immediate
      condition on both measures. In a later remediation phase, when only the delayed
      treatment was given, uncorrected errors remained at low levels whereas self
      corrections generally increased. Total errors, whether subsequently self
      corrected or not, with one exception, decreased during the study.

PMID- 4037788
TI  - Depression and learned helplessness in mentally retarded and nonmentally retarded
      adolescents: an initial investigation.
AB  - Depression and learned helplessness were examined in a sample of 26 educably
      mentally retarded (EMR) adolescents and a matched (on age, sex, and race) group
      of 26 nonmentally retarded adolescents. Depression and learned helplessness were
      assessed using the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS) and Mastery
      Orientation Inventory (MOI), respectively. Results indicated that EMR adolescents
      manifested significantly (p less than .001) greater depressive symptomatology
      than their nonmentally retarded peers. Sex differences were also found, with
      females demonstrating greater depression scores in both groups. Analysis of
      severity of symptom endorsement showed significant group differences on items
      reflecting somatic, self-evaluative, and behavioral components of depression,
      with mentally retarded subjects demonstrating higher scores. Mentally retarded
      adolescents were found to score higher (p less than .001) on the learned
      helplessness measure than nonmentally retarded adolescents. Given the problematic
      nature of depression noted in large sample epidemiological studies of nonmentally
      retarded adolescents, the results of this investigation indicate that depression
      in EMR adolescents is an affective characteristic in need of further study.

PMID- 4037789
TI  - Systematic assessment and training of sex education for a mentally retarded
      woman.
AB  - A systematic sex education program was implemented to provide the instruction
      necessary for a mentally retarded woman to be able to label basic reproductive
      body parts and describe and demonstrate a breast examination, Pap test, and
      pelvic examination. The training program permitted documentation of informed
      consent for a reproductive health examination. Training was implemented in a
      multiple probe design across skill areas and consisted of providing factual
      information, requiring the subject to repeat factual information, using concrete
      teaching aids, demonstrating examination procedures, requiring the subject to
      demonstrate the specified examinations, and providing praise for correct
      responses. Results showed dramatic increases in sexual knowledge with the
      implementation of the program. Follow-up data indicated that the increase in
      sexual knowledge was maintained over a period of 3 weeks.

PMID- 4037790
TI  - Attention to multiple cues by severely mentally retarded adults: effects of
      single-component pretraining.
AB  - The present investigation examined whether the amount of compatible single
      element training affected response accuracy for conditional-discrimination tasks
      requiring attention to multiple cues. Four severely mentally retarded adults
      participated, and a multiple baseline across subjects and reversal design was
      employed. Following acquisition of conditional discriminations by individually
      training each stimulus element, transfer tests were provided. In the first
      transfer condition, two intermixed conditional-discrimination tasks were
      presented containing identical stimuli to those individually trained. The second
      transfer condition consisted of two intermixed conditional-discrimination tasks
      composed of novel S- stimuli and pretrained S+ stimuli. Finally, a control
      procedure was administered in which conditional-discrimination tasks contained
      all untrained cues. The severely mentally retarded subjects did learn to respond
      to multiple cues. Establishing separate control by each component produced
      attention to two aspects of compound stimuli with few errors occurring. In
      addition, these broadened attentional skills generalized to multistimulus tasks
      containing all or some of the original pretrained stimuli. If single-element
      training was omitted, performance on conditional-discrimination tasks was greatly
      impaired.

PMID- 4037791
TI  - Self-management training of mentally retarded adults presenting severe conduct
      difficulties.
AB  - Chronic and clinically significant conduct difficulties of mildly and moderately
      mentally retarded adults in a vocational setting were reduced with a
      multicomponent self-management package. Skills of self-monitoring, self
      evaluation, self-consequation, and self-instruction were trained and practiced in
      vivo. Positive effects on behaviors not specifically treated also were noted for
      some subjects. A combined treatment withdrawal and multiple baseline design was
      used to assess changes. Nine-month follow-up under different work conditions
      revealed continued maintenance of treatment gains.

PMID- 4037792
TI  - Functions of haptic perceptual activity in persons with visual and developmental
      disabilities.
AB  - The paper reviews the author's research on the effects of perceptual experience
      and cognitive-developmental factors on haptic scanning behavior of blind and/or
      mentally retarded children and adults. The results indicate that haptic
      information may be gathered more efficiently by one scanning style over another,
      and differences in efficient style usage may vary positively with haptic
      perceptual experience. However, accurate processing of haptic information may
      depend on the availability of cognitive structures that in turn influence
      scanning style selection and utilization, rather than directly on scanning styles
      themselves.

PMID- 4037793
TI  - The impact of deinstitutionalization on activities and skills of
      severely/profoundly mentally retarded multiply-handicapped adults.
AB  - This study evaluated the change in activity patterns and skills of
      severely/profoundly mentally retarded, multiply-handicapped residents as they
      moved from large total care institutions to community living. Twenty-seven
      individuals were evaluated just before leaving the institution, 3 months post
      exit, and 9 months post-exit. In comparison to a nondisabled reference group,
      residents were less active, mobile, social, and independent both in the
      institution and community. Residents did show, however, significant changes
      toward the nondisabled pattern of daily living after moving to the community.
      Clients improved in 4 of 16 skill areas within 3 months after entering the
      community: expressive communication, eating, serving meals and washing dishes,
      and meal preparation.

PMID- 4037794
TI  - Modulation of platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis and release from human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN): role of extracellular albumin.
AB  - Human neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) stimulated with N'-formyl
      methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) in the presence of cytochalasin B but in
      the absence of human serum albumin (HSA) synthesized only small amounts of
      platelet-activating factor (PAF) that attained maximum levels within 60-120 s
      after stimulation; in addition, no release of PAF occurred. However, in the
      presence of 2.5 mg HSA/ml, there was a threefold increase in PAF synthesis, 30
      40% of which was released within 5 min after FMLP stimulation. In the presence of
      50 mg HSA/ml there was at least a fourfold increase in PAF synthesis and release,
      with maximal synthesis occurring 10-20 min after stimulation. Thus, the presence
      of HSA during PMN stimulation not only induced an albumin dose-dependent increase
      in PAF release but significantly augmented the synthesis of PAF. In contrast to
      PAF synthesis and release, the presence or absence of HSA had no effect upon
      lysosomal enzyme secretion from FMLP-stimulated PMN, which was maximal within 30
      60s after stimulation. These results demonstrate that HSA plays an essential role
      in vitro in the synthesis and release of PAF from human PMN, and support the
      hypothesis that there is a cyclic PAF synthesis-release coupling mechanism in the
      stimulated human PMN.

PMID- 4037795
TI  - Purification and partial sequencing of bovine liver alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Bovine liver alkaline phosphatase has been purified to homogeneity by procedures
      that include reverse-phase HPLC. The pure enzyme has an apparent Mr of 160,000
      and is composed of what appears to be two identical monomers of Mr 82,000. About
      80% of the material yielded the amino-terminal sequence Leu-Val-Pro-Glu-Lys-Glu
      Lys-Asp-Pro-?-Tyr-?-Arg-Asp-Gln-Ala-Gln. The minor component was extended at the
      amino terminus by two residues that have not yet been identified, i.e., ?-?-Leu
      Val-Pro-Glu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Asp-Pro-?-Tyr-?-Arg-Asp-Gln-Ala-Gln.

PMID- 4037796
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 ligands: metyrapone revisited.
AB  - Expressing metyrapone interactions with ferrous cytochrome P-450 as ligand
      saturation by cytochrome, rather than the more conventional cytochrome saturation
      by ligand, an extinction coefficient of 68.5 +/- 1.8 mM-1 cm-1 for the metyrapone
      complex of dithionite-reduced rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 was
      derived. Utilizing this new extinction coefficient, the increased cytochrome P
      450 present after phenobarbital induction was almost exclusively that which is
      able to both bind to metyrapone and form a metabolic-intermediate complex from
      norbenzphetamine. However, it was not the only subpopulation present in
      microsomes that was able to bind metyrapone, nor the only one capable of forming
      a metabolic intermediate complex from norbenzphetamine. Thus, neither technique
      alone can be used to quantitate the "phenobarbital-induced form" of cytochrome P
      450.

PMID- 4037797
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of ceruloplasmin from chicken serum.
AB  - The preparation and properties of ceruloplasmin from chicken serum are described.
      Ethanol-CHCl3 was used to precipitate the crude protein, followed by adsorption
      and elution from DEAE-Sephadex. Further treatment with Sephadex G-200 and CM
      Sephadex yielded an intensely blue protein judged 1572-fold purer than starting
      serum. epsilon-Aminocaproic acid (0.02 M) was present in all buffers and starting
      sera. Chicken ceruloplasmin appears to be a single polypeptide, apparent Mr
      124,000, with an A610/A280 ratio of 0.07 and an absorption maximum at 602 nm.
      Hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid accounted for 7.2% of the weight; copper
      represented 0.20%, which suggested four or five copper atoms per molecule.
      Chicken ceruloplasmin catalyzed the azide-sensitive oxidation of p
      phenylenediamine (PPD) and N,N'-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD), and showed
      ferroxidase activity similar to that of human ceruloplasmin. Its amino acid
      composition, although similar in many residues to human ceruloplasmin, was
      decidedly lower in methionine and tyrosine. The chicken protein had one-third the
      sialic acid content of human ceruloplasmin and showed immunochemical nonidentity
      with human ceruloplasmin.

PMID- 4037798
TI  - Elicitor induction of a microsomal 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)shikimate 3'-hydroxylase in
      parsley cell suspension cultures.
AB  - Microsomal preparations from parsley cell suspension cultures challenged with an
      elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea (Pmg) catalyze the formation
      of trans-5-O-caffeoylshikimate from trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)shikimate. Neither the
      cis isomer nor free 4-coumarate, 4-coumaroyl-CoA, or 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)quinate are
      substrates for this enzyme. The reaction is strictly dependent on NADPH as a
      reducing cofactor and on molecular oxygen. NADH, ascorbic acid, and 6,7-dimethyl
      5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterine cannot substitute for NADPH. However, NADH enhances
      enzyme activity observed in the presence of NADPH. Cytochrome c and carbon
      monoxide inhibit the hydroxylation reaction, suggesting a cytochrome P-450
      dependent mixed-function monooxygenase.

PMID- 4037799
TI  - A comparison of the effects of cyanide, hydrogen peroxide, and phenylglyoxal on
      eucaryotic and procaryotic Cu,Zn superoxide dismutases.
AB  - The Cu,Zn superoxide dismutases from bovine liver, yeast, Caulobacter crescentus,
      and Photobacter leiognathi were compared for their susceptibilities to inhibition
      by cyanide and to inactivation by hydrogen peroxide and phenylglyoxal. All of
      these enzymes were affected by these reagents, albeit with some differences in
      sensitivity. The yeast and the bacterial enzymes were thus more sensitive to
      cyanide than was the bovine enzyme, while the bovine and the yeast enzymes were
      inactivated more rapidly by hydrogen peroxide and less rapidly by phenylglyoxal
      than were their bacterial counterparts. The qualitative similarities in the
      behavior of all of these enzymes suggest overriding similarities in their active
      site regions. However, a quantitative comparison of the data suggests that the
      bacterial enzymes are more like each other than they are like the eucaryotic
      enzymes, and furthermore, are more like the yeast enzyme than the bovine enzyme.

PMID- 4037800
TI  - Study of bilirubin metabolism by high-performance liquid chromatography:
      stability of bilirubin glucuronides.
AB  - The stabilities of bilirubin (BR) glucuronide, monoglucuronide (BMG), and
      diglucuronide (BDG) were studied under various conditions by HPLC. In aqueous
      media, BMG showed a pronounced lability and was easily transformed into equimolar
      BDG and BR. It was proved by direct analysis of tetrapyrrole isomers that BDG and
      BR were formed from dipyrrole exchange of BMG molecules. All reducing agents
      examined (sodium ascorbate, cysteine, GSH, dithiothreitol, NADH, and NADPH)
      suppressed the transformation of BMG into BDG and BR. Bovine serum albumin and
      rat liver cytosol fractions also stabilized BMG strongly. BDG was fairly stable
      in aqueous media as compared with BMG. When BMG was incubated both with and
      without liver plasma membranes (N2 fraction) from Wistar rats, the formation
      rates of BDG and BR in both incubation mixtures were exactly the same. The
      composition of BDG and BR isomers was the same in both mixtures. Also, heat
      denaturation of the plasma membranes did not affect formation rates. Moreover,
      the reaction was completely inhibited by sodium ascorbate. These findings
      indicate that rat liver plasma membranes have no enzyme activity for BDG
      formation from BMG.

PMID- 4037801
TI  - Synthesis and degradation of 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible cytochromes P-450 and
      their mRNAs in primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes.
AB  - We used primary nonproliferating cultures of adult rat hepatocytes to investigate
      the regulation of P-450c and P-450d, immunochemically related protein products of
      separate cytochromes P-450 genes that are coinduced by 3-methylcholanthrene and
      related compounds. In cultures of hepatocytes prepared from untreated rats and
      incubated in media containing 3-methylcholanthrene, beta-naphthoflavone,
      3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and Aroclor 1254 (a mixture of chlorinated
      biphenyls) there was a 5- to 15-fold accumulation of P-450c protein (quantitated
      by immunoblotting), accompanied by an increased rate of P-450c synthesis
      (measured as incorporation of [3H]leucine into immunoprecipitable protein) and an
      increased amount of P-450c mRNA hybridizable to a specific cloned cDNA (p210). In
      contrast, there were no increases in the concentration of P-450d protein, its
      rate of synthesis, or the amount of P-450d mRNA hybridizable to its specific cDNA
      (p72). Similarly, when "preinduced" hepatocytes (isolated from rats treated with
      Aroclor 1254) were incubated for 4 days in culture medium, the amount of P-450c,
      its rate of synthesis, and the amount of P-450c mRNA remained elevated, whereas
      synthesis of P-450d and the amount of P-450d mRNA fell precipitously to less than
      10% of the initial values despite the presence or absence of Aroclor 1254 or of
      isosafrole in the medium. However, the loss of P-450d protein in these cultures
      was almost completely prevented when isosafrole was added to the culture medium
      and was partially prevented when safrole, Aroclor 1254, and 3,4,5,2',4',5'
      hexachlorobiphenyl, but not 3-methylcholanthrene, beta-naphthoflavone, or
      3,4,3'4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, were in the culture medium. Moreover, in similar
      cultures of "preinduced" hepatocytes that were pulse-labeled with [3H]leucine,
      the presence of isosafrole in the culture medium extended the apparent half-life
      for loss of radioactivity in immunoprecipitable P-450d to a value of 72 h (3-fold
      longer than in standard medium) but was without effect on the rate of
      disappearance of radiolabeled P-450c. We conclude that control of P-450d
      degradation is an important factor in the regulation of this hemoprotein and that
      induction of P-450c and P-450d proceed by separate pathways that are
      spontaneously divorced under standard conditions for primary culture of adult rat
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 4037803
TI  - Reconciliation of the absorption change at 325 nm and other flash-yield
      determinations of concentrations of active photosystem II centers.
AB  - The concentration of photosystem II was determined in thylakoids of dwarf peas by
      the use of the following methods: absorption change at 325 nm; atrazine binding;
      and flash yields of oxygen evolution (Emerson-Arnold method), of protons from
      oxidation of water, and of reduction of DCIP. For the first time all of the flash
      yield measurements have been done on the same sample and give equivalent values
      for the concentration of photosystem II. Agreement of the absorption change
      measurement at 325 nm with the other measurements was accomplished by the
      introduction of important improvements to the methods of Melis and co-workers
      [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1980) 77, 4712-4716]. The atrazine-binding method
      gave photosystem II values that were twice as large as any of the other
      photosystem II measurements. Possible reasons are discussed for this discrepancy
      in terms of the secondary acceptor (Q400) of Ikegami and Katoh [Plant Cell
      Physiol. (1973) 14, 829-836]. The concentration of photosystem I was measured by
      absorption change at 705 nm. From the concentration values of photosystem II and
      I the system II/I stoichiometry was calculated.

PMID- 4037802
TI  - Electron microscopy of seed-storage globulins.
AB  - The quaternary structures of a range of seed globulins, including examples of
      both the so-called 7 S and 11 S types, have been examined by electron microscopy.
      The legume 7 S proteins, phaseolin (bean), beta-conglycinin (soybean), and
      vicilin (pea), appear as flat discs of diameter ca. 8.5 nm and thickness ca. 3.5
      nm formed by association of three subunit domains. Phaseolin converts to an 18 S
      tetramer at acid pH, and images recorded under these conditions suggest that four
      of the 7 S protomer discs associate to form the faces of a regular tetrahedron.
      The classical 11 S seed globulins, cucurbitin (pumpkin) and legumin (pea), are
      approximately spherical molecules of diameter ca. 8.8 nm composed of six
      subunits. In contrast, the hexameric 10 S storage protein from lupin seed,
      conglutin gamma, appears toroidal in shape with outer diameter ca. 10.3 nm and
      thickness ca. 2.2 nm. These results indicate that constraints imposed on seed
      proteins by their role in sustaining the germinating plant may have allowed a
      variety of different globulin structures to accumulate in the protein-storage
      bodies of seeds.

PMID- 4037804
TI  - Developmental regulation of the hepatocyte receptor for galactose-terminated
      glycoproteins.
AB  - The receptor which recognizes glycoproteins that have had their terminal sialic
      acids removed, thus exposing penultimate galactose residues
      (asialoglycoproteins), was examined for expression in rat liver during
      development. The level of asialoglycoprotein receptor binding activity in fetal
      rat livers was present in very low amounts but rose dramatically at the time of
      birth and reached adult levels by the second day after birth. Using
      immunoquantitation methods, it was found that the increased binding capacity of
      rat liver for asialoglycoproteins during development reflected accumulation of
      receptor molecules rather than activation of previously existing ones. The
      relative rates of synthesis of the predominant polypeptide of Mr 42,000 and the
      lesser abundant polypeptides of Mr 50,000 and 58,000 which comprise
      asialoglycoprotein receptor were found to increase in livers of fetuses near term
      and attain adult synthesis rates around birth. Thus, the accumulation of receptor
      protein molecules during development reflected increased synthesis of receptor
      polypeptides. These results suggest that the different gene products which code
      for the three forms of the receptor are coordinately expressed during
      development. Copurifying with asialoglycoprotein receptor during ligand affinity
      chromatography were polypeptides of Mr 25,000 and 27,000. These polypeptides
      display several characteristics similar to hepatic mannose binding lectin
      described by others. Onset of synthesis of the mannose binding lectin during
      development was analogous to asialoglycoprotein receptor but, in contrast, did
      not reach adult synthesis rates immediately after birth.

PMID- 4037805
TI  - Ganglioside sialidase distribution in mucolipidosis type IV cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of ganglioside sialidase in Mucolipidosis IV (ML IV)
      cells was characterized by a series of Percoll gradients. Similar to normal
      cells, the enzyme cosedimented with plasma membrane markers, although this
      activity was reduced and exhibited decreased solubility in ML IV cells. Only
      trace amounts of ganglioside sialidase (less than 5%) was found in the lysosomes
      of normal cells. This activity was apparently reduced in ML IV cells but its
      minute activity in controls excluded further characterization of these
      differences. Plasma membranes on 6.7 and 5.6% Percoll gradients were biomodally
      distributed. Ganglioside sialidase in normal cells was found to be in both the
      heavier and the lighter membrane fractions, whereas the enzyme in ML IV cells was
      associated mainly with the denser membrane fraction. These data indicate that the
      enzyme in ML IV cells is characteristically different from normal in that it
      exhibits reduced activity and solubility and a different plasma membrane
      distribution.

PMID- 4037806
TI  - Calcium-dependent changes in properties of human prothrombin: a study using high
      performance size-exclusion chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography.
AB  - High-performance size-exclusion chromatography using a TSK 3000 SW column and
      aqueous gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200 SF have been used to characterize the
      effects of calcium ions on the hydrodynamic properties of human prothrombin and
      prethrombin 1. The results suggest that the effective hydrodynamic radius of
      prothrombin is less in the presence than in the absence of calcium ions. In
      addition, when using the TSK-3000 SW column, Ca2+-dependent formation of a
      hydrophobic site in the fragment 1 region of prothrombin results in an apparent
      further decrease in hydrodynamic radius.

PMID- 4037807
TI  - Amino acid sequence of high-redox-potential ferredoxin (HiPIP) isozymes from the
      extremely halophilic purple phototrophic bacterium, Ectothiorhodospira halophila.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of high-redox-potential ferredoxin (HiPIP) isozymes from
      Ectothiorhodospira halophila have been determined. These are: isozyme I,
      EPRAEDGHAHDYVNEAADPSHGRYQEGQLCENCAFWGEAVQDGWGRCTHPDFDEVLVKAEGWCSVYAPA S, and
      isozyme II, GLPDGVEDLPKAEDDHAHDYVNDAADTDHARFQEGQLCENCQFWVDYVNGWGYCQHPDFTDVLVRGEGW
      CSVYAPA. Isozyme II is the major form of HiPIP produced by the bacterium (65-80%)
      and is the most acidic of the known HiPIPs. The two isozymes are 72% identical to
      one another and require only a single residue deletion for alignment. Comparison
      of these HiPIPs with seven previously determined sequences revealed only 27%
      average identity. Both E. halophila HiPIP isozymes are likely to be functional
      since their sequences are equally distant from those of other species. The E.
      halophila HiPIP sequences show that H-bonding patterns recognized in Chromatium
      vinosum HiPIP are likely to be conserved and therefore cannot explain the
      unusually low redox potentials which have been reported.

PMID- 4037808
TI  - Involvement of the histidine residues in the pH-induced conformational change of
      histone H5.
AB  - Comparative studies on the conformational stability of histones H1 and H5 have
      been carried out by monitoring the pH-induced conformational transitions of the
      proteins by CD and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The transition point of H1 agrees with
      the pKa of the carboxyl groups of the acidic residues. In contrast, the
      transition of H5 is associated with the ionization of the histidine residues
      which exist exclusively in H5, as well as the deionization of the acidic
      residues. These observations, combined with the result of the deuterium exchange
      rates of the histidine C-2 protons, led us to conclude that His-25 and His-62,
      which are buried in the globular domain, play an important role in the
      conformational stability of histone H5.

PMID- 4037809
TI  - [A clinical trial of a new mitomycin C derivative, KW-2083 (7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)
      mitomycin C)].
AB  - KW-2083 [7-n-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C] is a new mitomycin C (MMC)
      derivative. Its myelotoxicity was compared with that of MMC by using colony
      forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) from the femurs of C57BL/6 mice. As a result, it was
      estimated that the intensity of myelotoxicity of MMC was four times greater than
      that of KW-2083. Based on this data, a clinical trial of KW-2083 was conducted in
      24 cases with various types of advanced solid tumors. KW-2083 was administered by
      i.v. injection at a dose of 40 mg/body every week. Out of 15 evaluable cases, a
      case of ovarian cancer showed a partial response. One case of each of ovarian
      cancer and gastric cancer showed minor response. However, as with mitomycin C,
      the dose-limiting toxicity of KW-2083 was leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Other
      toxicities encountered were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, phlebitis and hepatic
      dysfunction. There were no cases with renal toxicity. Plasma concentration of KW
      2083 was bioassayed in 3 cases who received 40 mg/body as an i.v. bolus
      injection. Plasma concentration-time curves fitted to a one-compartment model and
      half-life values averaged 27.6 min. The effective and low toxic dose schedules of
      KW-2083 should be investigated further.

PMID- 4037810
TI  - [Phase II study on MCNU in patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal
      cancer].
AB  - A phase II study on MCNU (Methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy
      alpha-D-glucopyranoside) was performed in 33 patients with advanced or recurrent
      gastrointestinal cancer under the cooperation of eight institutions in Hiroshima
      Prefecture. MCNU was given by means of intravenous drip infusion and the 33 cases
      were divided into three groups according to the method of administration; (A)
      50mg/m2 every 1 or 2 weeks, (B) 70mg/m2 every 2 weeks or (C) 90mg/m2 every 6-8
      weeks. Among 28 evaluable cases, 1 complete response (CR) and 1 partial response
      (PR) were observed and these two cases were gastric cancer patients. Platelet
      nadir occurred at the 3rd or fifth week after MCNU administration, but the
      leukocyte count was not so decreased. Subjective side effects were nausea,
      general fatigue and vomiting, but these were observed to be only mild.

PMID- 4037811
TI  - [Clinician-oriented and cytology-oriented autopsy. III. The pancreas].
AB  - The autopsy is performed with multiple purposes such as medical education,
      searching direct cause of the death and researches. The first purpose of the
      autopsy is, however, a service for clinicians. The dissection technic should be
      determined to present the best clinical-pathological correlation of the lesions.
      In addition to the careful evaluation of the gross lesions of the pancreas,
      Smears (Imprints) of the lesions are most useful to make initial pathological
      diagnoses during autopsy examination. Multiple photographs illustrate both the
      gross pathological lesions and cytological data of the pancreas.

PMID- 4037812
TI  - Safety of over-the-counter hydroquinone bleaching creams.

PMID- 4037813
TI  - Ochronosislike pigmentation from hydroquinone bleaching creams.

PMID- 4037814
TI  - Painful palmar-plantar erythema in myeloproliferative disease.

PMID- 4037815
TI  - Cytarabine-induced palmar-plantar erythema.

PMID- 4037816
TI  - Thrombocytosis in a patient with secondary syphilis.

PMID- 4037817
TI  - Blistering distal dactylitis in an adult.

PMID- 4037818
TI  - The blind men and the elephant. Different views of small congenital nevi.

PMID- 4037819
TI  - A histologic comparison of congenital and acquired nevomelanocytic nevi.
AB  - A reliable microscopic differentiation of nevomelanocytic nevi (NMNs) as
      congenital or acquired would be useful in defining a histogenic relationship
      between cutaneous melanoma and congenital NMN. In order to delineate histologic
      differences between congenital NMN and acquired NMN, a standardized assessment
      was conducted blindly, using a sample of consecutive surgical specimens of NMN
      submitted to a children's hospital pathology file. Despite significant histologic
      differences between congenital NMN and acquired NMN, the lack of a reliable
      prevalence rate for the proportion of congenital NMNs among all NMN specimens
      submitted for pathologic examination precludes a precise estimate of predictive
      value for diagnosing a given NMN as congenital or acquired based on histologic
      features alone. The results of this study can be used neither to support nor to
      refute a histologic association between cutaneous melanoma and congenital NMN.

PMID- 4037820
TI  - Congenital nevi less than or equal to 10 cm as precursors to melanoma. 52 cases,
      a review, and a new conception.
AB  - Fifty-two congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) as precursors to melanoma or severe
      melanocytic dysplasia were reviewed macroscopically and microscopically. Forty
      eight "small" CMN measured less than 10 cm in diameter. Histologically, only five
      reached to the lower third of the dermis or subcutis ("deep type"); the remaining
      47 were limited to the upper two thirds of the corium ("superficial type"). There
      were 47 invasive melanomas, two in situ melanomas, and three severe focal
      melanocytic dysplasias. All melanomas were of "epidermal" origin and primarily of
      the superficial spreading type. The age at diagnosis ranged from 18 to 79 years.
      Prepubertal melanomas were not observed. Melanoma may also arise on small CMN.
      The most frequent origin of the melanomas in small CMN and the preferred age at
      manifestation seem to be different from that for giant nevi.

PMID- 4037821
TI  - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in melanocytic lesions. Occurrence in
      patients with dysplastic nevus syndrome.
AB  - Estrogen and progesterone binding studies in a series of 22 melanocytic lesions
      from 14 patients with the dysplastic nevus syndrome were done using a fluorescent
      estrogen and progesterone binding technique. Melanocytic lesions from these
      patients, including primary cutaneous melanomas, dysplastic nevi, and benign
      nevi, contained large numbers of estrogen and progesterone binding cells.
      Comparison is made to a series of control intradermal nevi that had little or no
      detectable estrogen or progesterone binding. Increased hormonal binding, and
      possibly responsiveness, is seen in melanomas, melanoma precursor lesions such as
      dysplastic nevi and congenital nevi, as well as benign nevi from patients with
      the dysplastic nevus syndrome.

PMID- 4037822
TI  - Papulovesicular light eruption. A defined subset of polymorphous light eruption.
AB  - A distinctive photodermatitis is seen commonly in tourists visiting Hawaii.
      Analysis of 150 cases revealed that the eruption is acute in onset following
      exposure to sunlight, is confined to exposed areas, and mainly affects young to
      middle-aged white women. The clinical presentation is remarkably uniform,
      consisting of papules, papulovesicles, or vesicles. These findings are consistent
      with a diagnosis of polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) and the histologic picture
      supports this diagnosis. Other clinical variants of PMLE were not seen in our
      patients, however, which suggests that this condition is more monomorphous than
      polymorphous. We suggest papulovesicular light eruption as a suitable name for
      this common and distinctive subset of PMLE.

PMID- 4037824
TI  - Neurosarcomatous malignant melanoma arising in a neuroid giant congenital
      melanocytic nevus.
AB  - We report a case of neuroid giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) in which a
      malignant schwannomalike tumor developed. Literature review reveals that
      neurosarcomatous differentiation occurs among malignant tumors arising in GCMNs,
      apparently with greater incidence in those GCMNs showing benign neuroid
      differentiation. Although the differences between neuroid melanocytes and
      Schwann's cells may be more conceptual than real, we believe that the current
      tumor arising within a melanocytic nevus is likely of neuroid melanocytic origin
      and best designated as neurosarcomatous malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4037823
TI  - Correlation of serum and urinary porphyrin levels in porphyria cutanea tarda.
AB  - A significant linear correlation was found between serum total porphyrin
      concentration and 24-hour total urinary porphyrin excretion in 18 patients with
      porphyria cutanea tarda sampled at diagnosis and during and after treatment on 73
      occasions. This confirms that the serum porphyrin level parallels urinary
      porphyrin excretion and is an appropriate indicator of disease activity useful
      for monitoring patients in clinical practice.

PMID- 4037825
TI  - Lenticular psoralen photoproducts and cataracts of a PUVA-treated psoriatic
      patient.
AB  - Psoralen photoproducts were identified in association with cataracts in a
      psoriatic patient several years after oral methoxsalen plus ultraviolet A light
      (PUVA) therapy. Patients should be required to wear adequate optical protection
      not only during PUVA therapy but 24 hours following ingestion of methoxsalen.

PMID- 4037826
TI  - Late-onset erythropoietic protoporphyria with unusual cutaneous features.
AB  - A 68-year-old man with apparently light-exacerbated erythematous cutaneous
      plaques on his face and on the dorsa of his hands was found to have late-onset
      erythropoietic protoporphyria, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Extensive
      deposits of material that stained with periodic acid-Schiff were present in the
      lesional dermis. Monospecific antibody studies showed this material to be mainly
      type IV collagen. These findings strongly suggest that the lesions are a
      manifestation of erythropoietic protoporphyria. The late onset and asymptomatic
      unusual cutaneous lesions appear to be a new presentation of the disease.

PMID- 4037827
TI  - Bone lesions in xanthoma disseminatum.
AB  - A case of xanthoma disseminatum occurred in association with progressive bone
      lesions. This association has not been previously emphasized.

PMID- 4037828
TI  - Perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum associated with chronic renal failure and
      hemodialysis.
AB  - A patient with hypertension and chronic renal failure of an undetermined cause
      who was undergoing hemodialysis developed bilateral crusted, focally eroded
      plaques on her breasts. A biopsy specimen of the lesional skin revealed typical
      histologic changes of pseudoxanthoma elasticum, with epidermal perforation. A
      biopsy specimen of lesion-free skin revealed characteristics typical of
      pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum should be added to
      the growing list of cutaneous disorders that occur in patients with chronic renal
      failure who are undergoing hemodialysis.

PMID- 4037829
TI  - Successful treatment of generalized discoid skin lesions with azathioprine. Its
      use in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A 20-year-old patient had systemic lupus erythematosus and extensive generalized
      discoid disease that failed to respond to conventional treatment with topical
      steroids and high doses of hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil). The skin
      lesions responded dramatically to 100 mg of azathioprine sodium daily, flared
      when the drug treatment was discontinued, and again responded on reinstatement of
      the same dosage of azathioprine. The case report suggests that extensive discoid
      skin lesions can be successfully treated with oral azathioprine.

PMID- 4037830
TI  - Macroglossia. An unusual presentation of pemphigus vulgaris.
AB  - A 19-year-old woman presented with macroglossia of five months' duration and
      without bullae or erosions. A biopsy revealed a picture consistent with pemphigus
      vulgaris. The patient subsequently developed typical oral erosions. Her tongue
      enlargement and oral ulcerations improved dramatically with topical and systemic
      steroid therapy. Pemphigus vulgaris should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of macroglossia.

PMID- 4037831
TI  - Actinomycetoma caused by Nocardiopsis dassonvillei.
AB  - We report a case of mycetoma caused by Nocardiopsis dassonvillei in a 39-year-old
      man. He had multiple nodules and draining sinuses on the anterior aspect of his
      right leg just below the knee. Few cream-colored granules were seen in the
      exudate. The biopsy specimen showed gram-positive, non-acid-fast granules with
      distinct borders. An aerobic actinomycete isolated from the lesion was identified
      as N dassonvillei. We think that this is the first reported case of mycetoma
      caused by N dassonvillei.

PMID- 4037832
TI  - Correlation of the vasoconstrictor assay and clinical activity in psoriasis.

PMID- 4037834
TI  - Hydroxyurea and pain in psoriatic lesions during ultraviolet-B radiation.

PMID- 4037833
TI  - Infectious eccrine hidradenitis in a patient undergoing hemodialysis.

PMID- 4037835
TI  - Mounting evidence of paraben sensitivity in dogs.

PMID- 4037836
TI  - Regression and other factors of prognostic interest in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4037838
TI  - A histologic study of epithelial dysplasia in oral lichen planus.
AB  - One hundred cases of oral lichen planus were reviewed together with 100
      nonspecific oral mucosal inflammatory lesions as a control group. The presence of
      dysplasia was noted, using well-established histologic criteria. Mild dysplasia
      was found in 57% of cases, moderate dysplasia in 9%, and severe dysplasia in 2%
      of cases. In the control group, mild dysplasia was observed in 32% of cases,
      moderate in 10%, and severe dysplasia was not present. It is suggested that,
      while mild or moderate dysplasia may not indicate precancerous potential, severe
      dysplasia in lichen planus may signify the development of a precancerous lesion.

PMID- 4037837
TI  - Regression in thin malignant melanoma. Microscopic diagnosis and prognostic
      importance.
AB  - Forty-eight malignant melanomas of the extremities, 1 mm or less in maximal
      thickness, were studied to better define microscopic criteria of regression in
      thin melanomas. Eleven tumors (23%) exhibited definite regression in the form of
      one or more segmental areas (defects) where the invasive component was replaced
      by mononuclear cell infiltrate and fibrosis. Thirteen other tumors (27%) had
      diffuse, nonsegmental changes classified as probable regression. Nineteen lesions
      (40%) lacked regression, although 14 of these contained focal evidence of host
      response. Five melanomas (17% of lesions less than 0.75 mm thick) were equivocal
      for regression. There were no recurrences or metastases. The histologic diagnosis
      of regression in thin melanomas requires subjective judgments, but segmental
      defects represent a potentially reproducible criterion. Their width can be
      measured, and the proportion of the melanoma that has undergone regression can be
      estimated. The preponderance of data from the literature, supported by this
      study, indicates that regression has no prognostic importance in the vast
      majority of thin melanomas. There are observations, however, to suggest that in
      rare cases, regression may negate the prognostic value of microstaging of a thin
      melanoma. To date, the type and extent of such regressive changes have not been
      adequately defined.

PMID- 4037839
TI  - Leukocytoclastic vasculitis in urticaria induced by ultraviolet irradiation.
AB  - A 35-year-old woman would develop urticarial lesions over one to four hours after
      irradiation with sunlight or artificial ultraviolet radiation. Lesions could
      persist for days before resolving. Although lesions were morphologically typical
      of solar urticaria, their evolution and resolution were both much slower than
      expected. Histologically, the lesions showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. This
      unexpected finding suggests the possibility that there may be novel mechanisms
      involved in the pathogenesis of some cases of solar urticaria.

PMID- 4037840
TI  - Congenital migratory ichthyosiform dermatosis with neurologic and ophthalmologic
      abnormalities.
AB  - We encountered two patients with a congenital migratory ichthyosiform dermatosis,
      retinal colobomas, conductive hearing loss, seizures, mental retardation, and
      similar facial features. The results of electron microscopic studies performed on
      skin biopsy specimens from the patients differed significantly from those of
      previously reported cases of ichthyosiform dermatoses with associated neurologic
      and ophthalmologic abnormalities; they appear to represent a new neuroectodermal
      syndrome.

PMID- 4037841
TI  - What is the function of melanin?

PMID- 4037842
TI  - Chloroquine-induced hypopigmentation of hair and freckles. Association with
      congenital renal failure.
AB  - Hypopigmentation of hair and freckles occurred in a patient receiving chloroquine
      sulfate therapy. This patient had a severe congenital renal failure that
      presumably increased plasma and tissue levels of the drug substantially,
      accounting for the hypopigmentation.

PMID- 4037843
TI  - Ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia.
AB  - We treated two unrelated boys with ichthyosis follicularis, a rare skin disorder
      characterized by extensive noninflammatory spiny follicular hyperkeratoses,
      severe photophobia, and generalized noncicatricial alopecia. This disorder must
      be differentiated from keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans; ulerythema
      ophryogenes; keratosis pilaris rubra atrophicans faciei; atrichia with papular
      lesions; atrophodermia vermiculata; and keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness
      syndrome, all of which share some clinical features. Ichthyosis follicularis with
      alopecia and photophobia appears to be a familial disorder, but too few cases
      have been reported to establish the exact mode of inheritance.

PMID- 4037844
TI  - Lymphomatoid papulosis associated with plaque-stage and granulomatous mycosis
      fungoides.
AB  - A 47-year-old black man had typical papulonodular lesions of lymphomatoid
      papulosis (LyP) with concurrent plaque-stage mycosis fungoides (MF). Both
      diagnoses were confirmed histologically. This supports the concept that LyP is
      part of the spectrum of cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. The
      patient also had a large nodule and a deeply infiltrated plaque, each of which
      exhibited a deep granulomatous reaction. These were interpreted as representing
      granulomatous MF. Clinically, there was an evolution from a predominance of LyP
      lesions to a predominance of MF plaques. Topical carmustine therapy resulted in a
      substantial decrease in the number and size of both LyP and MF lesions. Both
      lesion types involuted with hypopigmentation.

PMID- 4037845
TI  - Mycosis fungoides-like lesions associated with phenytoin therapy.
AB  - An 83-year-old woman developed generalized lymph node hyperplasia together with
      mycosis fungoides-like skin lesions 11 months after institution of anticonvulsant
      therapy with phenytoin. The clinicopathological changes disappeared completely
      three weeks after cessation of therapy. This circumstantial evidence together
      with the known data on the association of phenytoin with lymphoproliferative
      disorders suggest that it was the phenytoin that was responsible for the
      patient's condition. This case had features similar to those associated with the
      pseudo-mycosis fungoides syndrome except that the cutaneous lesions consisted of
      two localized erythematous plaques, with no generalized exfoliative erythrodermic
      dermatitis. Nonetheless, we believe that the use of the term pseudo-mycosis
      fungoides for this and similar cases would be appropriate.

PMID- 4037846
TI  - Junctional epidermolysis bullosa and pyloric atresia in two siblings.
AB  - Pyloric atresia is a rare disorder that has been seen in association with
      epidermolysis bullosa. Two male siblings with pyloric atresia and the junctional
      form of epidermolysis bullosa, confirmed by electron microscopy, are described
      herein. These cases strengthen the relationship between junctional epidermolysis
      bullosa and pyloric atresia, which are probably transmitted together in an
      autosomal-recessive pattern.

PMID- 4037847
TI  - Lichen nitidus with plasma cell infiltrate.
AB  - The predominant cell types in the dermal infiltrate of lichen nitidus are
      lymphocytes and epithelioid cells. We report two cases of lichen nitidus in which
      numerous plasma cells were present in the dermal infiltrate.

PMID- 4037848
TI  - Dermatobia hominis dermal myiasis. A furuncular lesion in a world traveler.
AB  - A case of botfly myiasis occurred in a patient who traveled to Brazil. This
      infestation resembles a pyogenic furuncle, but should be a diagnostic
      consideration when it does not respond to antibiotic therapy in a world traveler.

PMID- 4037849
TI  - Hypertrichotic skin-colored patches in an infant. Congenital smooth-muscle
      hamartoma (CSMH).

PMID- 4037850
TI  - 'The State of the World's Children'.

PMID- 4037851
TI  - Second primary tumours.

PMID- 4037852
TI  - Cranial ultrasound in preterm infants: long term follow up.
AB  - One hundred and twenty nine high risk preterm infants (gestational ages 26-36
      weeks, mean 31.2 weeks; birth weights 800-3880 g, mean 1490 g) were studied by
      cranial ultrasound during the neonatal period, over a period of one week to three
      months, and at the age of 1 year. Neonatal ultrasound scanning was performed with
      an ATL Mk III real time echoscope, and follow up ultrasound scans at the age of 1
      were performed with an Octoson static compound scanner. The neonatal scans of 66
      infants were abnormal. Cerebroventricular haemorrhages were detected in 53
      infants and other lesions in 19, six of whom also had haemorrhages.
      Posthaemorrhagic changes developed in 30 infants. The follow up scans at 1 year
      were abnormal in 27 children. One large parenchymal cyst was detected. All 27
      scans showed ventricular dilatations; 19 were asymmetrical. About 95% of the
      children with normal neonatal scans and 60% with abnormal neonatal scans had
      normal scans at 1 year. The size and shape of the ventricular system had changed
      in 20% of all infants. As no major changes were seen in the ultrasound images of
      those studied beyond the age of 2 months cranial ultrasound follow up in high
      risk preterm infants should therefore be continued until the age of 2-3 months;
      follow up beyond that age would only rarely be necessary.

PMID- 4037853
TI  - Posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus in newborn term infants.
AB  - Intraventricular haemorrhage may occur de novo in previously well, term newborn
      infants. In a group of six neonates a high incidence of posthaemorrhagic
      hydrocephalus was found. Posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus may be more common in
      full term newborn infants than previously recognised.

PMID- 4037854
TI  - Improvement in auditory and visual evoked potentials in jaundiced preterm infants
      after exchange transfusion.
AB  - Two preterm infants with peak serum bilirubin concentrations of 270 mumol/l and
      200 mumol/l, respectively showed improvement in the wave peak latencies of the
      auditory and visual evoked potentials after exchange transfusion. The
      implications of this observation and the use of evoked potential recording in
      neonatal jaundice are discussed.

PMID- 4037855
TI  - Insufficient early weight gain in preterm babies and influence on weight at 12
      months.
AB  - Relations between the amount and duration of insufficient early gain in weight
      and later catch up and absolute weight at 1 year of corrected age were
      investigated in 30 preterm babies of greater than 32 weeks' gestation. There were
      no significant correlations to suggest that insufficient early weight gain
      affected later patterns of weight despite individual weights at 1 year generally
      being distributed in lower centile channels. These findings have important
      clinical implications for the feeding of preterm babies.

PMID- 4037857
TI  - Short term histological liver changes in extrahepatic biliary atresia with good
      postoperative bile drainage.
AB  - Short term histological liver changes were studied in 13 patients with congenital
      biliary atresia, who showed good bile drainage after radical operation. Biopsies
      obtained at the time of the corrective surgery and at the second operation to
      convert from external total to partial bile drainage (undertaken once the
      bilirubin concentration was less than 30.8 mumol/l) were compared. A significant
      correlation was found between histological findings and the clinical course. In
      particular, at the second biopsy an increase in hepatic fibrosis and cell
      infiltration was observed mainly in patients whose bilirubin concentration
      decreased slowly or who had cholangitis, or both. Hepatic fibrosis and cell
      infiltration had decreased, however, in an appreciable number of patients whose
      postoperative course had been characterised by a rapid reduction in the bilirubin
      concentration and no cholangitis.

PMID- 4037856
TI  - Development of IgE and IgG antibodies to food and inhalant allergens in children
      at risk of allergic disease.
AB  - In a prospective study of 92 children with at least one atopic parent, the
      development of the specific antibody responses to food and inhalant allergens
      during the first 5 years of life were assessed. By the radioallergosorbent test
      egg specific IgE antibody occurred in about 30% of the children with the mean
      peak concentration at 12 months. By the second year the prevalence of this
      antibody had increased whereas the mean concentration had decreased. Milk
      specific IgE antibody could not be shown in any subject, including four whose
      skin tests yielded positive results. Food specific IgG antibody was noted by
      antigen binding radioimmunoassays at 3 months in most children. These responses
      had peaked and began to fall by the fifth year. In contrast few children had
      detectable IgE or IgG antibody to inhalant allergens before the first 2 years of
      life. Both the concentration and prevalence of specific antibody, however,
      increased from the second to the fifth year and was greater in children whose
      skin tests yielded positive results. Breast feeding was associated with an
      increase in the prevalence of positive results from skin tests but was not
      associated with detectable IgE antibody to both food proteins, a lower
      concentration of IgG antibody to cows' milk, and was not associated with
      protection against the development of disease. A high level of exposure to dust
      mite was associated with an increased prevalence of positive results from skin
      tests to dust mite and appreciably higher antibody concentration. This study
      indicates differences in the humoral responses to food and inhalant allergens.
      Environmental factors appear to influence the development of these responses.

PMID- 4037858
TI  - Results and complications of surgery for gastro-oesophageal reflux.
AB  - One hundred and six children undergoing antireflux surgery were studied; 41 were
      severely mentally retarded and 29 had reflux strictures. Although the eventual
      rate of success was 92%, 20 patients developed complications that required a
      second operation. Prolapse of the fundoplication into the mediastinum was the
      commonest complication (in seven patients), followed by intestinal obstruction
      (in five), and intractable fibrous oesophageal strictures (in five). The
      incidence of postoperative complications was highest in patients with mental
      retardation or oesophageal strictures. Referral of these patients for operation
      was invariably delayed, and earlier referral may have avoided many of the
      complications.

PMID- 4037859
TI  - 17/7 translocation trisomy: practical vindication of a model of sickness.
AB  - A girl was seen by a psychiatrist for relentless rubbing of her eyes and
      difficult behaviour. A proper diagnosis of her sickness required an understanding
      of the cause of her physical stigmata, which disclosed a previously undescribed
      chromosome anomaly (partial trisomy 17p); her mental handicap and behavioural
      disorder, which were partly a function of parental despair; and the predicament
      of her father and other carrier relatives who were identified through this child.
      Explanation or alteration of each component of sickness was necessary to achieve
      beneficial change.

PMID- 4037860
TI  - Interstitial nephritis of acute onset.
AB  - Interstitial nephritis was diagnosed at renal biopsy in 10 previously healthy
      children. All had identical clinical symptoms: anaemia, raised sedimentation
      rate, low glomerular filtration rate, protein and leucocytes in the urine, but no
      bacteria; nine also had glycosuria. Six of the children had a history of recent
      ingestion of drugs or a serologically proved infection, or both. One child later
      developed uveitis. After the acute phase all made at least partial recovery, but
      after a mean follow up of two years and eight months only four were without any
      signs of disease, three had equivocal findings, two definite renal disease, and
      one renal failure. Interstitial nephritis, therefore, seems to be a clinical
      entity often occurring without known cause or triggering factor, its prognosis is
      variable, and some patients may develop chronic renal failure.

PMID- 4037861
TI  - Concentrations of lead in maternal blood, cord blood, and breast milk.
AB  - Lead concentrations in maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and breast milk from
      114 women who were not occupationally exposed to lead were determined by graphite
      atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean concentrations of lead in maternal
      blood, umbilical cord blood and breast milk were 0.7, 0.55, and 0.23 mumol/l,
      respectively. A significant correlation was observed between maternal and
      umbilical cord blood (r = 0.63). A lower correlation was noted between maternal
      blood and breast milk (r = 0.29). These results suggest that lead freely crosses
      the placental barrier from mother to fetus and the transfer of this heavy metal
      from maternal tissues to breast milk is possible, but the metabolic mechanisms
      are more complicated. In addition, a longitudinal study was conducted of
      concentrations of lead in breast milk in nine lactating women. Results suggested
      no significant change in the content of lead in breast milk during early
      lactation.

PMID- 4037863
TI  - Hypertrichosis due to primary hypothyroidism.
AB  - A 10 year old girl with hypertrichosis associated with primary hypothyroidism
      that resolved after 6 months' replacement treatment with thyroxine is reported.
      It is important to consider the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in children with
      abnormal hairiness or distribution of body hair.

PMID- 4037862
TI  - Alcohol intoxication, an underdiagnosed problem?
AB  - To show that alcohol intoxication may be underdiagnosed in childhood, we describe
      four patients in whom it was not suspected until blood alcohol concentrations
      were measured as part of a toxicology screen.

PMID- 4037865
TI  - Treatment of asthma in preschool children with slow release theophylline.
AB  - Fifty two preschool children with asthma were given a recommended regimen of slow
      release theophylline. There was wide variation in the metabolism of theophylline.
      The approach adopted gave disappointing results. Nine children did not comply,
      and 16 stopped treatment because of side effects. Of the remainder, control of
      asthma was poor in 15 and satisfactory in 12.

PMID- 4037864
TI  - Pubertal growth in diabetics.
AB  - Mean values for two variables of the pubertal growth spurt, peak height velocity
      and age at peak velocity, of children attending the diabetic clinic in Bristol
      are reported. The growth spurt was normal both in timing and intensity in boys,
      but the peak velocity was reduced and age at peak velocity more variable among
      girls.

PMID- 4037866
TI  - Lactation nurse increases duration of breast feeding.
AB  - In a randomised controlled trial a lactation nurse assisted mothers during the
      early weeks after parturition both in hospital and at home. All mothers who
      started breast feeding were entered into the trial. The lactation nurse
      significantly extended duration in the study group compared with controls,
      particularly during the first four weeks and among women of lower social class.

PMID- 4037867
TI  - Training of paediatricians for psychosocial aspects of their work.

PMID- 4037868
TI  - . . . and children first?

PMID- 4037869
TI  - Oxandrolone in low dose for constitutional delay of growth and puberty in boys.

PMID- 4037870
TI  - A microbial assay for determining the influence of physicochemical environmental
      factors on the toxicity of organics: phenol.

PMID- 4037871
TI  - Forestry workers involved in aerial application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
      (2,4-D): exposure and urinary excretion.

PMID- 4037872
TI  - Effects of vitamins E and A on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced
      lipid peroxidation and other biochemical changes in the rat.

PMID- 4037873
TI  - Survival, growth, and histopathological effects of paraquat ingestion in nestling
      American kestrels (Falco sparverius).

PMID- 4037874
TI  - Biochemical responsiveness of a bovine kidney cell line to inorganic mercury.

PMID- 4037875
TI  - [Persistent generalized adenopathies in subjects at high risk of AIDS. Diagnostic
      and prognostic value of lymph node lesion syndromes. Apropos of 8 cases].

PMID- 4037876
TI  - [Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. Apropos of 2 new cases].

PMID- 4037877
TI  - [Amyloid goiter. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4037878
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of the lacrimal gland in Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome].

PMID- 4037879
TI  - [Incidence of mycoses and parasitic diseases in female genital infections.
      Existence of a correlation with hormonal status. Demonstration of seasonal
      changes].

PMID- 4037880
TI  - [Pathologic profile of cancers of the nasopharynx in Algiers. Apropos of 210
      cases seen over 2 years].

PMID- 4037881
TI  - [Intramyocardial megamitochondria in fibroelastosis of the endocardium: known and
      enigmatic fact].

PMID- 4037882
TI  - [Pregnancy toxemia and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus].

PMID- 4037883
TI  - [Cancer in Morocco (1950-1980). According to the records of various laboratories
      of pathologic anatomy].

PMID- 4037884
TI  - [Acute adrenal insufficiency caused by cholesterol emboli].

PMID- 4037885
TI  - Articular manifestations of familial hypercholesterolaemia.
AB  - Familial hypercholesterolaemia is characterised by a decreased removal of low
      density lipoproteins and premature coronary artery disease. Tendinous xanthomata
      are a hallmark of the disease. The affected joints may also be the sites of
      inflammation and pain. Arthropathy has been associated mainly with the homozygous
      form of familial hypercholesterolaemia, but it is also known to occur in the
      heterozygous form. We report on the articular manifestations in 73 patients with
      heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. About 40% of these patients had at
      least one episode of articular symptoms. The observed articular manifestations
      may be classified into four types: Achilles pain (18%), Achilles tendinitis
      (11%), oligoarticular arthritis (7%), polyarticular or rheumatic fever-like
      arthritis (4%). It is concluded that in heterozygous familial
      hypercholesterolaemia articular manifestations are frequent, diverse, and may be
      the first symptom of this metabolic disorder.

PMID- 4037887
TI  - Oesophageal dysfunction in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - Oesophageal motility was studied in 22 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome
      and 20 normal volunteers. Oesophageal dysfunction was detected in eight of the 22
      patients (36.4%) with primary Sjogren's syndrome. No abnormalities were detected
      in the normal subjects. Individual analysis of the oesophageal motility studies
      showed different patterns of oesophageal dysfunction; aperistalsis (three
      patients), triphasic tertiary contractions (two patients), frequent non
      peristaltic contractions (two patients), and low contractions (one patient).
      These oesophageal abnormalities did not correlate with the parotid flow rate, the
      degree of inflammatory infiltrate of the minor salivary glands, the
      extraglandular manifestations, or the presence of autoantibodies.

PMID- 4037886
TI  - Decreased nailfold capillary density in Raynaud's phenomenon: a reflection of
      immunologically mediated local and systemic vascular disease?
AB  - Nailfold capillary patterns were studied in 107 patients with Raynaud's
      phenomenon (RP), including patients wih (n = 39) and without (n = 68) connective
      tissue disease (CTD). Capillary density was decreased in patients with
      sclerodactyly, digital ulcers, tuft resorption, and telangiectasia, compared with
      patients without these symptoms. In addition, an inverse relationship was found
      between the severity of RP at first presentation (as graded by photoelectric
      plethysmography during cooling) and the capillary density in patients with CTD (r
      = -0.45; p less than 0.05). In the total group of patients nailfold capillary
      density was inversely related to organ system involvement (r = -0.52; p less than
      0.01). Decreased nailfold capillary density was observed, in particular, in
      patients with oesophageal hypomotility and in patients with chest x-rays
      compatible with interstitial fibrosis. As to factors supposedly involved in the
      pathogenesis of vascular changes in CTD, the presence of autoantibodies,
      increased levels of circulating immune complexes, and increased levels of acute
      phase reactants were all associated with a decreased number of nailfold
      capillaries. We conclude that loss of nailfold capillaries as observed by
      microscopy is a reflection of local and systemic vascular disease.

PMID- 4037888
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the rectal mucosa of patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - The rectal mucosa from patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis has been
      examined by electron microscopy. Initially the patients were biopsied for
      investigation into the diagnosis of amyloidosis or vasculitis, which proved to be
      negative. A range of ultrastructural abnormalities was found which included
      proliferation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial inclusions,
      association of the mitochondria with cytoplasmic filaments, and marked increase
      in the number of iron containing siderosomes. Most of these abnormalities have
      already been reported in rheumatoid synovial tissue, and attention is drawn to
      the similarity in findings between these two sites.

PMID- 4037889
TI  - Mitral and aortic regurgitation in Behcet's syndrome.
AB  - A 35-year-old man with definite Behcet's disease developed acute mitral and
      aortic regurgitation. Valvular disease, we believed, was another manifestation of
      this disease. Cardiac involvement in Behcet's disease and the role of prednisone
      therapy are discussed.

PMID- 4037891
TI  - [A tropical medicine society. Why?].

PMID- 4037890
TI  - Seatone in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4037892
TI  - [Medicinal plants in developing countries].

PMID- 4037893
TI  - Malaria control by village health workers in the province of Dosso, Niger. Part.
      1. Operational analysis.

PMID- 4037894
TI  - Malaria control by village health workers in the province of Dosso, Niger. Part.
      2. Epidemiological impact.

PMID- 4037895
TI  - [Assessment of a focus of schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni in
      Mayombe, Republic of Zaire].

PMID- 4037896
TI  - [Distribution of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale in Santa Cruz,
      Bolivia].

PMID- 4037897
TI  - [Clinical aspects of early congenital syphilis].

PMID- 4037898
TI  - Methods to calculate survival rate in tsetse fly (Glossina) populations.

PMID- 4037899
TI  - Colostral transfer of antibodies to Trypanosoma brucei in goats.

PMID- 4037900
TI  - Lassa virus lethality for inbred mice.

PMID- 4037901
TI  - [A case of hypereosinophilia originating in Africa].

PMID- 4037902
TI  - Implantable infusion pump management of insulin resistant diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Diabetes mellitus with resistance to insulin administered subcutaneously or
      intramuscularly (DRIASM) is a rare and brittle form of Type I diabetes, found
      predominantly in young females and characterized by inadequate glycemic response
      to subcutaneous or intramuscular insulin administration. DRIASM leads to frequent
      ketoacidosis and obligatory hospitalization for administration of intravenous
      insulin. The use of a totally implantable infusion pump effected dramatic
      improvement in the treatment of five patients with this difficult form of
      diabetes. Frequency of clinical ketoacidosis was reduced from 37 episodes per
      year to 0.4 episodes per year (99%), and average in-hospital days per month were
      reduced from 20.8 days to 2.2 days (89%) with a mean follow-up period of 14.4
      months. Cost savings were approximately +10,000 per patient month. Quality of
      life was greatly improved for these individuals.

PMID- 4037903
TI  - Blunt multiple trauma (ISS 36), femur traction, and the pulmonary failure-septic
      state.
AB  - Fifty-six blunt multiple trauma patients (HTI-ISS 22-57) were studied for the
      effects of immediate versus delayed internal fixation of a femur or acetabular
      fracture on the pulmonary failure septic state. The pulmonary failure septic
      state may be defined as an alveolar arterial oxygen tension difference greater
      than 100, plus fever and leukocytosis. These patients were divided into four
      groups. Group I (N = 20) had immediate internal fixation, postoperative
      ventilatory support, and was sitting up at 30 hours. Group II (N = 20) had 10
      days of femur traction and postoperative ventilatory support. Group III (N = 9)
      was immediately extubated after surgery and had 30 days of femur traction. Group
      IV (N = 7) had special circumstances that should increase the duration of the
      pulmonary failure septic state. These four groups of patients were statistically
      identical by 20 different criteria on admission except that Group I had more
      recognized chest injuries than Group II (12 vs. 9). Group I required 3.4 +/- 2.6
      days of ventilator support and 7.5 +/- 3.8 intensive care unit (ICU) days; they
      had 12 +/- 8.8 elevated white counts, 3.8 +/- 4 febrile days, 0.05 positive blood
      cultures per patient, four fracture complications out of 93 fractures, 59
      injections of narcotics, and 23 +/- 8.6 acute care days. Ten days of femur
      traction doubled the duration of the pulmonary failure septic state relative to
      Group I at a statistically significant level for nine out of 10 criteria, while
      increasing the number of positive blood cultures by a factor of 10, the number of
      fracture complications by a factor of 3.5, and the use of injectable narcotics by
      a factor of 2. Thirty days of femur traction increased the duration of the
      pulmonary failure septic state relative to Group I by a factor of 3 to 5 for all
      criteria at a statistically significant level, while increasing fracture
      complications by a factor of 17, positive blood cultures by a factor of 74, and
      the use of narcotics by a factor of 2. Group IV, which had four out of seven
      immediate internal fixations, behaved similarly to Group II. Femoral shaft
      traction should be avoided in the blunt multiple trauma patients because it
      greatly increases the cost of care and the risk of multiple systems organ
      failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4037904
TI  - CEA-directed second-look surgery in the asymptomatic patient after primary
      resection of colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - Since 1971, serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels have been measured to
      monitor patients after primary resection of colorectal cancer. Based solely on a
      rise in CEA level above the baseline established after primary resection, 146
      patients were readmitted to the hospital. Chest films, liver-spleen scan,
      colonoscopy, bone scan, abdominal and pelvic CAT scan, and hepatic arteriograms
      were performed, and elevated CEA levels were confirmed before reexploration was
      undertaken. In the 146 patients, 139 (95%) had recurrences, and 81 (58%) of these
      were resectable for potential cure. Two of the first 22 patients re-explored
      between 1971 and 1975 are still living 11 and 14 years after second look; of 45
      patients reoperated upon from 1976 through 1979 and followed for at least 5
      years, 14 (31%) are still living. A rise in CEA above the baseline established
      after primary resection proved to be a sensitive indicator of recurrence and
      prompted reexploration before symptoms developed. Early alternative therapy was
      begun in patients with unresectable recurrences.

PMID- 4037905
TI  - The influence of splenic weight and function on survival after experimental
      pneumococcal infection.
AB  - Splenectomy impairs survival after pneumococcal challenge in rats, while
      preservation of sufficient splenic tissue can be protective. This study
      investigated the effects of methylcellulose on stimulation of splenic weight,
      splenic histology, reticuloendothelial (RE) activity, and survival after
      pneumococcal infection. Methylcellulose increased spleen weight four- to five
      fold but did not improve RE function or survival after infection. These
      parameters correlated best with the weight of the remnant in animals that did not
      receive methylcellulose. The functional limitations of splenic autotransplants
      were not corrected by methylcellulose stimulation of splenic weight. Preservation
      of a splenic remnant with intact blood supply is preferable to
      autotransplantation of the spleen to conserve RE capability.

PMID- 4037906
TI  - Role of the vascular endothelial cell antigen system in the etiology of
      atherosclerosis.
AB  - An autoantibody directed against an antigen system that is expressed on the
      vascular endothelial cell (VEC) was recently identified in random patients with
      peripheral vascular disease. This VEC antigen system is also present on the
      peripheral blood monocyte but not on any other cell type studied to date. In a
      randomized study of 112 patients with peripheral vascular disease at the Albany
      Medical College, 46% demonstrated an autoantibody against their autologous
      monocytes and VEC. This autoantibody is a highly cytotoxic, complement-fixing
      antibody directed against VEC antigens. It does not crossreact with autologous T
      or B lymphocytes and appears to be highly polymorphic. It is present in only nine
      per cent of the age-matched controls and was never detected in young controls.
      This preliminary investigation suggests that immunological injury may be the
      initiating factor in the development of atherosclerotic lesions more frequently
      than currently appreciated. Whether this autoantibody to VEC is the result of or
      the cause of endothelial cell damage in these patients is still under study.

PMID- 4037907
TI  - A ten-year experience with ninety-two cases of Hirschsprung's disease. Including
      sixty-seven consecutive endorectal pull-through procedures.
AB  - From July 1974 through November 1984, 92 patients with Hirschsprung's disease
      (congenital aganglionosis) have been treated at the University of Michigan-Mott
      Children's Hospital. This series includes 67 consecutive modified endorectal pull
      through (ERPT) procedures in children. Fifty-one of these 67 patients had
      standard rectosigmoid disease and underwent a successful ERPT with only two major
      complications. One of these 51 children underwent a successful ERPT but died in
      the late postoperative period from severe congenital heart disease. Eighteen of
      the 92 patients suffered from total aganglionosis or long-segment disease.
      Sixteen of these have undergone an ERPT with no mortality or operative morbidity.
      The follow-up ranges from 6 months to 10 years. All of the children who have
      reached 3 years of age are continent. Of the remaining 23 patients, 12 were
      referred following an unsuccessful pull-through at another hospital. The 12
      operations included five Swenson pull-throughs, five Duhamel procedures, one
      ERPT, and one subtotal colectomy. It was possible to redo or revise the pull
      through procedures successfully in all but one patient, who required a permanent
      colostomy. Finally, 11 children were referred for management of a variety of
      complications following pull-through procedures performed at other institutions.
      None of these 11 patients required a reperformance of their pull-through, and all
      were successfully treated with lesser surgical procedures or with medical
      management. The excellent functional results and the low morbidity and zero
      operative mortality are attributed to the technical ease of performing the
      modified ERPT.

PMID- 4037908
TI  - Prophylactic postoperative nasogastric decompression. A prospective study of its
      requirement and the influence of cimetidine in 200 patients.
AB  - To determine the need for prophylactic nasogastric decompression following
      laparotomy and the influence of cimetidine, 200 consecutive patients who
      underwent major abdominal procedures were prospectively randomized into one of
      four limbs: no tube-placebo; no tube-cimetidine; tube-placebo; and tube
      cimetidine. Patients were evenly distributed among these groups with respect to
      age, sex, alcohol and tobacco use, previous operations, and types of operations.
      There was significantly longer time until passage of flatus, bowel movement, and
      cessation of intravenous fluids in the tube group (p less than 0.05). Duration of
      postoperative stay increased from 11.4 to 14.1 days in the intubated patients (p
      less than 0.05). There was also significantly more pain with and frequency of
      swallowing, and nose/throat discomfort in the tube group. Nasogastric tubes
      reduced the incidence of vomiting from 28 in the no-tube group to 10 in the tube
      group (p less than 0.05), but most had only one or two episodes. Cimetidine did
      not affect either the incidence of vomiting or the duration of intubation, but
      was associated with a significant increase in pneumonias (p less than 0.05). Five
      patients without tubes initially, and seven patients with tubes had to have them
      inserted or replaced for vomiting or abdominal distention, which occurred equally
      in the placebo and cimetidine limbs. There were no cases of aspiration pneumonia,
      gastric dilatation, or wound dehiscence in the trial, and the four anastomotic
      leaks were divided equally between the tube and no-tube groups. The results
      indicated that prophylactic decompression was unnecessary in most patients and
      associated with increased morbidity and delayed return of gastrointestinal
      function. Cimetidine lowered nasogastric output on the first postoperative day (p
      less than 0.05), but did not prevent vomiting.

PMID- 4037909
TI  - Retrieval of renal function by revascularization. Study of preoperative outcome
      predictors.
AB  - Results of renal revascularization for retrieval of function in poorly
      functioning kidneys are variable, but criteria for prediction of benefit and
      patient selection for operation are ill-defined. This report examines
      preoperative parameters in 64 hypertensive patients who underwent successful
      revascularization of poorly functioning kidneys as defined by creatinine
      clearance less than or equal to 15 ml/min (measured by preoperative split renal
      function studies [SRFS]) or preoperative serum creatinine greater than or equal
      to 3.5 mg/dl (range: up to 8.9 mg/dl) to identify markers of value in prediction
      of a beneficial response in renal function. Ages ranged from 35 to 75 years.
      There were 35 men and 29 women. The renovascular lesion was atherosclerotic in 58
      patients and fibrodysplastic in six. Total renal artery occlusion was present in
      32 cases. No urine flow was detectable before surgery on SRFS from 13 kidneys.
      Kidney lengths ranged from 7.7 cm to 15.1 cm. Fifty-four unilateral and 10
      bilateral revascularizations were performed. A beneficial blood pressure response
      to operation was observed in 94%. Benefit in excretory function was determined by
      comparison of preoperative and postoperative data which included SRFS parameters,
      renal length, serum creatinine, isotopically derived split functioning renal
      mass, and glomerular filtration rates. Overall, 56 patients could be classified
      in regard to functional response. Twenty-two patients received no or minimal
      benefit; nine patients received modest improvement, and 25 patients exhibited
      more marked improvement. Statistical evaluation of preoperative anatomic and
      functional parameters as predictors of functional response suggested that
      multiple variables influence the probability of function retrieval by
      revascularization. Useful among these predictive variables are the status of the
      distal vessel beyond the occlusion, the bilaterality of reconstructable disease
      in azotemic patients, the amount of residual renal mass available for
      revascularization, and the degree of hyperconcentration of nonreabsorbable
      solutes from the involved kidney after surgery.

PMID- 4037911
TI  - Treatment of thoracic battle injuries versus civilian injuries.

PMID- 4037910
TI  - Mitral replacement: clinical experience with a ball-valve prosthesis. Twenty-five
      years later.
AB  - The purpose of this report is to review the results of mitral valve replacement
      since a first report in the Annals of Surgery in 1961, in order to determine the
      relative importance of new valve designs versus other surgical variables. The
      continued use of the silastic ball valve in its 1966 configuration (Model 6120),
      by providing a comparative data base for other new prosthetic valves, allows this
      analysis. For a valid comparison with the tilting disc (Bjork-Shiley) and the
      porcine (Hancock and Carpentier-Edwards) valves, only results with the silastic
      ball valves implanted during comparable time frames should be used. (Formula: see
      text) Thus, there are no significant differences in the results obtained with the
      silastic ball valve in time frames comparable to other contemporary valves
      introduced in the early 1970s. Improved results, therefore, must be non
      prosthetic valve related.

PMID- 4037912
TI  - Thoracic battle injuries in the Lebanon War: review of the early operative
      approach in 1,992 patients.
AB  - The effectiveness of aggressive resuscitation and early surgical intervention is
      evaluated in 1,992 casualties with thoracic battle wounds in Lebanon. The
      mechanism of injury was mainly high-velocity missiles and shelling in city
      battles. Ninety-seven percent of the wounds were penetrating. The mean age of the
      wounded was 20 years and the average transport, 4.2 km (3 miles). Logistics and
      newly equipped thoracic centers aided uniform therapy. For decompensating
      patients or those in critical condition, initial shock was treated with rapid
      volume expansion, cardiopulmonary support, and urgent thoracotomy. Thoracotomy
      was required in 1,422 casualties (71%) and definitive tube thoracostomy in 29%.
      Three hundred ten patients had pulmonary resections: 36 pneumonectomies, 112
      lobectomies, and 162 segmental resections. In 627 patients following primary
      thoracotomy survival was 98.4%. For 456 casualties with additional systemic
      procedures, survival was 96.9%. For 285 casualties with cardiac injuries, a
      significant 14% incidence, overall survival was 73%. Survival was best for those
      with pericardial and coronary vessel wounds and dropped to 46% for those with
      left ventricular injuries. Survival was 87% among 54 patients with great vessel
      wounds. Life salvage in 726 (36%) patients was documented to result from early
      open procedures. Other benefits of this approach are presented in this broad
      based study.

PMID- 4037913
TI  - A survey of 77 major infectious complications of median sternotomy: a review of
      7,949 consecutive operative procedures.
AB  - Sternal wound infections developed following 77 (0.97%) of 7,949 operative
      procedures involving median sternotomy at New York University Medical Center from
      1976 to 1984. Risk factors associated with the development of a sternal wound
      infection included combined revascularization and valve replacement, early
      reexploration for bleeding, prolonged low cardiac output syndrome, and prolonged
      ventilatory support (greater than 24 hours). Concomitant infection at other sites
      with the same organism as cultured from the sternum was present in 42% of the
      patients. Thirty-seven patients (48%) were treated with radical debridement
      followed by closed antibiotic irrigation. In 31 other patients (40%), the wounds
      were debrided and left to heal by open granulation. Both initial treatments had
      equally high success rates (78.4% and 74.2%, respectively). However, the open
      granulation method resulted in a hospital stay that was an average of 10 days
      longer than the closed antibiotic irrigation method. Muscle flaps were used to
      expedite healing of open granulation in 9 patients. Analysis of the results of
      different treatment strategies revealed that if debridement was accomplished
      within 20 days of the initial cardiac procedure, 76% of the patients could be
      successfully treated with closed antibiotic irrigation. Conversely, if treatment
      was delayed for longer than 20 days, 81% of the patients were treated with open
      granulation (p less than 0.001). Also noted was an inverse relationship between
      the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level and the success rate of initial
      treatment with closed antibiotic irrigation. Patients with a serum BUN level of
      less than 40 mg/dl at the time of debridement had a 90% success rate as opposed
      to a success rate of 38% when the BUN level was 40 mg/dl or greater. The data
      presented suggest the following conclusions. Early diagnosis is crucial to
      successful treatment of sternal wound infection. When diagnosis can be
      established within 20 days, 80% of infections can be eradicated by the simple
      approach of debridement and closed antibiotic irrigation. When diagnosis is
      delayed, however, prompt debridement followed by muscle flaps is the procedure of
      choice. Open granulation alone, while successful, unnecessarily prolongs the
      hospital course.

PMID- 4037914
TI  - Thromboembolism in patients with aortic porcine bioprostheses.
AB  - Thromboembolism was prospectively studied in 215 patients who survived aortic
      valve replacement with porcine bioprostheses. All patients were anticoagulated
      with warfarin sodium during the first 3 postoperative months. Thereafter, 80
      patients received aspirin (325 or 650 mg per day) and 135 received no
      antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. The two groups of patients were similar.
      Thromboembolic complications were carefully searched for during the follow-up
      interviews. Patients were removed from the study after a thromboembolic event
      unless there was no change in their management. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 80
      months (mean, 36 months). The linearized thromboembolic rate in patients on a
      regimen of aspirin was 1.3% per patient-year and in patients not taking aspirin,
      5.2% per patient-year (p less than 0.02). Replacement of the ascending aorta and
      patch enlargement of the aortic annulus with a Teflon graft were identified as
      significant risk factors for thromboembolism in patients with aortic porcine
      bioprostheses. These findings indicate that patients with aortic porcine
      bioprostheses should receive aspirin, especially if they also had replacement of
      the ascending aorta or patch enlargement of the aortic annulus with a Teflon
      graft.

PMID- 4037915
TI  - Hemodynamic evaluation of the integral monostrut Bjork-Shiley prosthesis in the
      aortic position.
AB  - Between May, 1983, and November, 1984, the new integral monostrut Bjork-Shiley
      prosthesis was used for aortic valve replacement in 62 patients. The prosthesis
      is machined from a solid piece of cobalt alloy and has no welded joints. The
      traditional U-shaped outlet strut has been replaced by a projecting metal finger
      that holds the disc in place. The disc opens to 70 degrees and is convexoconcave.
      Successful transseptal heart catheterization was performed in 23 patients an
      average of 6 months following operation to evaluate the hemodynamic performance
      of the prosthesis. The mean peak-to-peak gradient was 7.73 +/- 7.49 mm Hg (+/-
      standard deviation). In five valves it was 0, and in only three was it higher
      than 15 mm Hg. Significant peak gradients were directly related to the valve
      index (valve area/body surface area). Mean systolic gradient at rest was 12.7 +/-
      6.27 mm Hg and did not increase after exercise. Effective orifice areas were
      adequate, and the discharge coefficient ranged from 0.77 for the 21-mm prosthesis
      to 0.48 for the 29-mm prosthesis. Minimal regurgitation, which was washed out on
      the next systole, was observed with all sizes of the prosthesis. Disc opening was
      maximal (70 degrees) in all but one of the observed instances. Longer clinical
      follow-up is required, but the new integral monostrut Bjork-Shiley prosthesis,
      with its important design changes and excellent hemodynamic performance, appears
      to be a promising aortic valve substitute.

PMID- 4037916
TI  - Complications of ascending aortic intraaortic balloon pump cannulation.
AB  - Choice of a route of cannulation for intraaortic balloon counterpulsation during
      cardiopulmonary bypass is related to accessibility. In those patients in whom it
      is impossible to pass the intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) into the common femoral
      artery, ascending aortic cannulation is a rapid and direct method of insertion.
      Eight patients are described in whom ascending aortic IABP cannulation was
      undertaken to enable weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass after cardiac surgical
      procedures. The following problems were encountered: graft infection, aberrant
      cannulation of the left subclavian artery, left coronary artery embolism, and
      inability to close the sternum due to mechanical tamponade. A technique is
      described for insertion of the IABP using a polytetrafluoroethylene (Impra) graft
      and closed-chest decannulation. Although considerable morbidity and mortality are
      associated with ascending aortic cannulation, it is simple, fast, and effective,
      and should be considered for all patients requiring postoperative IABP support in
      whom peripheral vascular disease makes access difficult.

PMID- 4037917
TI  - Malignant superior vena cava obstruction reconsidered: the role of diagnostic
      surgical intervention.
AB  - The cases of 42 patients with malignant superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction were
      reviewed to evaluate clinical dogmas of prohibitive risk for invasive diagnostic
      procedures and need for urgent radiotherapy. Thirty-nine had carcinoma (35,
      bronchogenic and 4, other), and 3 had lymphoma. Lung cancer histology was
      squamous cell in 11, adenomatous in 10, large cell in 7, and small cell in 7. The
      SVC obstruction was always symptomatic, usually causing facial or cervical
      swelling, but there was no instance of SVC obstruction causing life-threatening
      problems such as cerebral or laryngeal edema. Twenty-two patients underwent
      bronchoscopy (11 flexible and 11 rigid) prior to radiotherapy without respiratory
      complications, and diagnostic tissue was obtained in 8. Also prior to
      radiotherapy, 29 invasive diagnostic procedures were performed: thoracotomy (1),
      mediastinotomy or mediastinoscopy (11), supraclavicular or scalene node biopsy
      (15), and percutaneous lung needle biopsy (2). Neither excessive blood loss nor
      serious complications occurred, and diagnostic tissue was obtained in 22 patients
      who received individualized therapy. Eight patients had urgent radiotherapy,
      which delayed diagnosis and specific therapy for two weeks to 6 months. For the
      33 patients who underwent radiotherapy after development of the SVC obstruction,
      the obstruction clinically resolved spontaneously within fourteen days,
      independently of whether radiotherapy was begun immediately or was delayed.
      Median survival was 5.0 months and was not influenced by the dose or timing
      (early or late) of radiotherapy. We reached the following conclusions. First,
      although a grim prognostic sign, SVC obstruction is rarely life-threatening and
      typically resolves spontaneously, probably by development of venous
      collaterals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4037918
TI  - Pulmonary resection in patients after pneumonectomy.
AB  - In 15 patients with a previous pneumonectomy (eight on the right and seven on the
      left), a new "lesion" developed in the remaining lung. Fourteen had the
      pneumonectomy for carcinoma (13 men and 1 woman), and 1 woman had a pneumonectomy
      for blastomycosis. At the second operation (4 months to 16 years after the
      pneumonectomy), limited resection of a primary or metastatic malignancy was done.
      The excision ranged from lobectomy to multiple wedges. One patient died on the
      sixth postoperative day, presumably a cardiac death. Eight patients died 2 to 33
      months postoperatively. Six patients are now living: 3 have no evidence of
      disease (18, 35, and 70 months), and 3 have recurrent disease (26, 41, and 73
      months). There is evidence that pulmonary resection after pneumonectomy is
      feasible with a low operative mortality and that resection of these "secondary"
      tumors can result in prolonged, worthwhile survival.

PMID- 4037919
TI  - Late paraplegia as a consequence of intraaortic balloon pump support.
AB  - There have been several reports of paraplegia after intraaortic balloon
      counterpulsation in the surgical literature. In each instance, the paraplegia
      occurred during the period of counterpulsation support. We describe a patient in
      whom late paraplegia occurred three days after the removal of an intraaortic
      balloon catheter.

PMID- 4037920
TI  - Revascularization without embolization: coronary bypass in the presence of a
      calcified aorta.
AB  - The densely calcified ascending aorta presents a formidable challenge to the
      cardiac surgeon. Clamping such an aorta in the patient requiring myocardial
      revascularization may result in catastrophic cerebral embolism and mar an
      otherwise successful surgical outcome. Myocardial revascularization using
      ventricular fibrillation and hypothermia without aortic cross-clamping in 3
      patients with severely calcified aortas is described.

PMID- 4037921
TI  - Management of chylothorax.

PMID- 4037922
TI  - Traumatic transection of thoracic trachea.

PMID- 4037923
TI  - [Medical care for pensioners in the framework of the RIVIZ (National Institute of
      Illness and Disability Insurance)].

PMID- 4037924
TI  - [Recommendations from the Superior Council of Public Health on alcohol
      consumption and its consequences for drinkers, their families and society].

PMID- 4037926
TI  - [Health guidance and education in schools. Possibilities and limitations].

PMID- 4037925
TI  - [Part-time work and absenteeism in female workers].

PMID- 4037927
TI  - [Monitoring of influenza in Belgium, 1982-1983, 1983-1984].

PMID- 4037928
TI  - Some statistical aspects of viral vaccine control. Establishment of an acceptance
      criterion for potency.

PMID- 4037929
TI  - Skeletal muscle aging in the hind limb of the old male Wistar rat: inhibitory
      effect of hypophysectomy and food restriction.
AB  - By age 1 100 days (37 mth) hind leg paralysis was found in 50% of ad libitum fed
      (control) male Wistar rats, but only 10% of food restricted rats and no
      hypophysectomized rats of that age had this disease. Gastrocnemius muscle weight
      declined at a faster rate than whole body weight in old ad libitum fed rats but
      not in old hypophysectomized or food restricted rats. Light microscopic and
      ultrastructural changes were studied in the muscles of the hind limbs of 11
      control, 5 food-restricted and 5 hypophysectomized rats aged 805 to 1 307 days.
      Light microscopic changes in muscles involved progressive degeneration
      demonstrated by the accumulation of adipocytes and degenerative inclusion bodies.
      The main ultrastructural changes were associated with myofibrillar breakdown. In
      addition there was thickening of the basal lamina around blood capillaries.
      However, muscle from hypophysectomized and food restricted rats of the same age
      range as controls possessed normal morphology with reduced thickening of the
      capillary basal lamina.

PMID- 4037930
TI  - A one-year follow-up of patients discharged from geriatrics and general medical
      units in Wales.
AB  - A random sample of patients aged 65 yr and over, admitted as emergencies to the
      specialties of geriatrics and general medicine in Wales were interviewed 3 and 12
      mth after discharge using a postal questionnaire. The characteristics of
      patients, the preparation they received for discharge and the use made of
      community services were recorded as were mortality, functional capacity and
      rehabilitation. Overall geriatrics patients were better prepared for discharge,
      were given a higher level of service provision and had a more favourable outcome
      than the general medical patients.

PMID- 4037931
TI  - Aging in vivo and neuraminidase treatment of rat erythrocytes and their
      sequestration by the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - The isolated perfused rat liver as a model for phagocytosis leaves the specific
      arrangement of macrophages in the original tissue structure intact. Therefore
      phagocytosis may occur under terms closely approaching physiological conditions.
      Separation of rat erythrocytes according to their density in 13% young, 75%
      mature and 12% old cells permits the establishment of differences in the mean
      cellular volume (MCV), mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and content
      of N-acetylneuraminic acid per red blood cell (NANA/RBC). Perfusion of these
      fractions does not result in significant differences of sequestration of the
      isolated liver. Enzymatic release of 90% of membrane-bound sialic acid causes a
      significant increase of 20% in the elimination of erythrocytes from the
      perfusate. Treatment with neuraminidase is a trigger for sequestration either by
      adherence or by complete phagocytosis. Incubation of neuraminidase-treated
      erythrocytes with plasma does not increase the removal rate of cells during
      perfusion.

PMID- 4037933
TI  - Serum creatine kinase activity in the elderly following a stroke.
AB  - A serial measurement of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and its isoenzymes
      were made in elderly patients following an acute stroke. Seven out of ten
      patients had elevated CK levels. The maximum concentration was observed between
      12-24 h and the level returned to normal within 84 h after a stroke. They all had
      positive skeletal (MM) muscle isoenzyme, and in only one patient heart (MB)
      isoenzyme was detected. None of them had positive brain (BB) isoenzyme.
      Measurement of serum CK activity will possibly provide guidance in the management
      of patients having recently suffered a stroke.

PMID- 4037932
TI  - Age-related changes in plasma lipid levels and tissue lipoprotein lipase
      activities of Fischer-344 rats.
AB  - Fischer-344 rats of 6, 12, 18, 21 and 24 mth of age were investigated. The data
      were collected from groups of rats ranging from 5-10 rats per age group. Modest
      age-related increases were noted in body weight, plasma triglycerides, total
      cholesterol and free (unesterified) cholesterol. Much more significant changes
      were noted in tissue lipoprotein lipase activities where the adipose tissue
      lipases declined sharply (r = -0.90, P less than 0.0001; r = -0.86, P less than
      0.0001) and the muscle tissue lipases decreased moderately (r = -0.86, P less
      than 0.0001; r = -0.58, P less than 0.0001) with age. These observed trends
      suggest that enzymatic parameters, specifically tissue lipoprotein lipase
      activities, may be considerably more accurate indicators of age-related
      physiological changes than levels of plasma lipids such as cholesterol and
      triglyceride.

PMID- 4037934
TI  - Relationship between gamma-irradiation, life span, metabolic rate and
      accumulation of fluorescent age pigment in the adult male housefly, Musca
      domestica.
AB  - The patterns of fluorescent age pigment (FAP) accumulation in response to gamma
      irradiation were examined in adult male houseflies under conditions of relatively
      high and low levels of physical activity. Flies were exposed to 0, 20, 40, and 66
      kR and their level of physical activity was altered by permitting or restricting
      flight activity. Under conditions of high activity the mean life span of flies
      exposed to 20 kR and 40 kR was greater than in the controls. The mean life span
      of high activity flies exposed to 66 kR and all groups of low activity irradiated
      flies was less than the control life span. The force of mortality as indicated by
      Gompertz slope was greater in high activity controls than in unirradiated flies
      maintained under low activity conditions. Gompertz slope was similar in
      corresponding high and low activity groups exposed to radiation. Radiation
      decreased the rate of FAP accumulation in high activity groups, but increased the
      rate of FAP accumulation under low activity conditions. The low activity control
      and low activity flies exposed to 20 kR had a lower FAP accumulation than the
      corresponding high activity groups at 14 days of age. At this age, low activity
      groups of flies exposed to 40 kR and 66 kR had concentrations of FAP that were
      similar to the corresponding high activity groups. These results indicate that
      radiation exposure decreased longevity by causing damage rather than by
      increasing the rate of aging.

PMID- 4037936
TI  - More reports from the front in war against cancer.

PMID- 4037935
TI  - Memory impairment in the elderly: a three-year follow-up.
AB  - A 3-yr follow-up study on the trend of memory performance in 9 elderly subjects
      with selective memory defects, which was carried out in an attempt to clarify the
      evolution of the disorder, revealed marked worsening of sensory visual memory,
      retention capacity and recent memory. No other mental function was compromised.
      The results of this study suggest that the onset of a selective memory defect in
      the elderly is not necessarily the expression of a demential amnestic syndrome,
      but rather the manifestation of a senile brain deterioration limited to the
      anatomo-functional memory system.

PMID- 4037937
TI  - On classifying cancers while treating patients.

PMID- 4037938
TI  - Urine cultures and long-term indwelling catheters.

PMID- 4037939
TI  - Factors influencing erythrocyte sedimentation in patients with chronic renal
      failure.
AB  - Erythrocyte sedimentation was studied in stable patients with chronic renal
      failure free of complicating illnesses. The mean (+/- SD) Westergren erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate was 49 +/- 26 mm/hr in patients not receiving dialysis and 60
      +/- 33 mm/hr in patients receiving hemodialysis. Both values are significantly
      higher than normal. Because anemia accelerates the Westergren determination, we
      restudied the patients with the zeta sedimentation ratio (ZSR), a method
      unaffected by hematocrit. In nine patients not receiving dialysis and 49 patients
      receiving hemodialysis, the ZSR was significantly higher than normal. The ZSR
      correlated positively with plasma fibrinogen concentration. Recombination
      experiments showed that the abnormal factor accelerating erythrocyte
      sedimentation was a constituent of plasma. Thus, erythrocyte sedimentation is
      accelerated in stable patients with chronic renal failure and a plasma factor,
      probably fibrinogen, is responsible. An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
      in this population lacks diagnostic usefulness.

PMID- 4037940
TI  - Predicting the likelihood of hemorrhage in patients with stroke.
AB  - To identify those clinical findings that independently help differentiate
      intracranial hemorrhage from cerebral infarction, we studied patients who were
      admitted to a hospital with acute focal neurologic deficits after strokes during
      a 17-month period. The predictive strength of a decision-making aid incorporating
      these findings was then assessed by studying patients who were admitted to a
      different hospital after experiencing strokes. The decision-making aid stratified
      the patients into groups having probabilities of intracranial hemorrhage ranging
      from 5% to 67%. The results of this study may facilitate more discriminating test
      selection during the early evaluation of patients who have had strokes.

PMID- 4037941
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis. Relationships to other organ system
      involvement, abnormal laboratory measurements, and disease course.
AB  - The charts of 329 patients with sarcoidosis were reviewed to determine if there
      were significant associations between the presence of sarcoidosis skin lesions
      and other abnormalities. Sixty-four patients had either biopsy specimen
      documented cutaneous granulomata or erythema nodosum (EN). Respiratory symptoms
      occurred in 41% of patients with skin lesions compared with 63% of patients with
      sarcoidosis without skin lesions. Among patients with skin lesions other than EN,
      splenomegaly occurred in 38%, hepatomegaly in 32%, and lymphadenopathy in 31%
      compared with 10%, 11%, and 56%, respectively, for patients with sarcoidosis
      without skin lesions. Thirty-two percent of patients with EN had progressive
      disease compared with 72% of patients with skin lesions other than EN; however,
      improved prognosis with EN was limited to white patients.

PMID- 4037942
TI  - Significant metabolic acidosis induced by acetazolamide. Not a rare complication.
AB  - Blood gas and serum electrolyte levels were measured in 27 elderly patients (mean
      age +/- SD, 63.3 +/- 13.5 years) who were receiving acetazolamide (250 to 1,000
      mg/day) for glaucoma. Eleven glaucomatous patients (mean age, 69.1 +/- 7.4 years)
      who were not receiving acetazolamide served as a control group. In the
      acetazolamide-treated group, four patients (14.8%) had mild acidosis (7.29
      greater than pH less than or equal to 7.31), ten (37%) had moderate acidosis
      (7.20 greater than pH less than or equal to 7.29), and one patient (3.7%) had
      severe acidosis (pH, 7.15). None of the patients in the control group had
      acidosis. It is concluded that moderate metabolic acidosis of potential clinical
      significance is common among glaucomatous elderly patients who receive
      acetazolamide. The exact clinical significance of our observations is yet to be
      determined.

PMID- 4037943
TI  - Massive skeletal muscle invasion by lymphoma.
AB  - Three patients had diffuse enlargement of skeletal muscle of the thigh as the
      result of infiltration by diffuse large-cell lymphoma. One case presented de novo
      as diffuse lymphoma, but the other two had previous diagnoses of nodular lymphoma
      and Hodgkin's disease. Computed tomographic scanning disclosed an enhancing mass
      in the thigh with infiltration of skeletal muscle groups; abnormal medullary
      cavities were noted in the adjacent long bones. Muscle biopsy established the
      diagnosis in two of the patients.

PMID- 4037944
TI  - Auscultatory percussion of the urinary bladder.
AB  - A volumetric study of the bladder was done in 170 adult male patients examined by
      auscultatory percussion. The upper border of the urinary bladder was defined and
      measured in reference to the symphysis pubis to gauge urinary volume. The
      findings were correlated with the urinary volumes obtained after the bladder had
      been emptied by voiding in 90 patients without urinary tract disease and in 42
      patients who required catheterization. With a bladder level less than 2 cm, none
      of the patients had a full bladder or a urinary volume of 250 mL. Of the 55
      patients with bladder levels of 3 cm or more, 53 patients had full bladders.
      Catheterizations were timely and avoided frequent and unnecessary
      catheterization. Residual urinary volumes estimated by auscultatory percussion in
      12 patients with obstructive uropathy and 26 patients studied with indwelling
      catheters correlated closely with the catheterized urinary volumes. Full
      bladders, obstructive uropathy, and malfunctioning indwelling catheters were
      readily detected.

PMID- 4037945
TI  - Identification of community flour mills as the source of lead poisoning in West
      Bank Arabs.
AB  - Following the discovery of severe lead poisoning in members of several households
      in a West Bank village, studies were carried out to establish the magnitude of
      the problem in the community and to identify the source of lead poisoning. Forty
      three patients with Centers for Disease Control risk group IV lead poisoning were
      identified and treated in three villages within a radius of about 10 km of each
      other. The prevalence of increased lead burden among 563 schoolchildren aged 10
      to 18 years was 19% for Centers for Disease Control risk groups I and II and 11%
      for groups III and IV. A survey of potential sources excluded all items, except
      for locally ground flour, which was heavily contaminated in all affected
      households. Examination of community flour mills revealed that, in contrast to
      unprocessed grain, freshly ground flour contained large amounts of lead
      originating from lead fillings employed to fasten the housing of the driveshafts
      to the millstones. Systematic screening of 146 community stone mills in 92 West
      Bank villages showed significant lead contamination of flour in 33 mills (23%).
      In all cases, the source of lead contamination was identical. As methods of
      milling in the area are similar, a prompt investigation of this potential source
      of lead poisoning in other near-Eastern countries is indicated.

PMID- 4037946
TI  - Validity of urinary catheter specimen for diagnosis of urinary tract infection in
      the elderly.
AB  - Twenty elderly nursing home patients with long-term indwelling bladder catheters
      were studied to evaluate the validity of the microbiology of urine samples
      obtained from catheters that had not been changed for at least 30 days. Paired
      urine samples from "old" catheters and newly inserted catheters were compared for
      quantitative and qualitative microbiology. Urine microbiology for old catheters
      was highly sensitive but had poor specificity.

PMID- 4037947
TI  - Recurrent leg symptoms following deep vein thrombosis. A diagnostic challenge.

PMID- 4037948
TI  - Exclusion bias and the false relationship of reserpine and breast cancer.
AB  - Although reserpine has an important role in treating patients with hypertension,
      its appeal was sharply reduced a decade ago when an alleged relationship to
      breast cancer was reported in case-control studies. Since the relationship was
      not confirmed in subsequent research and analyses, the original association is
      now regarded as erroneous. Since patients with cardiovascular disease were
      rejected as possible controls in the original reserpine-breast cancer case
      control study, we suspected that the false association may have been produced by
      a phenomenon called exclusion bias. This bias can arise in case-control studies
      if patients with a particularly high (or low) rate of prior exposure to the
      alleged etiologic agent are excluded from the selection of either cases or
      controls, but not from both. To test that suspicion, we recapitulated the
      original study, in another medical setting. The cases were 257 women with breast
      cancer; and the controls were 257 hospitalized women matched according to date of
      admission, age, and race. The overall data showed no association between
      reserpine and breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1), but when we excluded 101
      women with cardiovascular disease from the control group, the OR rose to 2.5. The
      results suggest that exclusion bias played an important role in creating the
      false association between reserpine and breast cancer.

PMID- 4037949
TI  - The Selvester QRS scoring system for estimating myocardial infarct size. The
      development and application of the system.

PMID- 4037950
TI  - Insidious onset of fatigue, dyspnea, and leg edema.

PMID- 4037951
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia in acute rheumatic fever.
AB  - A 19-year-old man presented with fever, migratory polyarthritis, and
      palpitations; a diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever was made. Twenty-four-hour
      ambulatory cardiac monitoring (Holter) performed during the patient's
      hospitalization revealed ventricular tachycardia. Although disturbances in
      cardiac conduction and rhythm are common during the acute phase of rheumatic
      fever, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, to our knowledge, have not been
      described. Recognition of this occurrence emphasizes the need for continuous
      cardiac monitoring in selected patients.

PMID- 4037953
TI  - Behcet's syndrome complicated by cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Response
      to prednisone and chlorambucil.
AB  - Traditionally described as a triad consisting of recurrent aphthous stomatitis,
      genital ulcerations, and uveitis, Behcet's syndrome is now recognized as a
      multisystem disease with protean manifestations. We studied a patient with
      chronic recurrent migratory superficial thrombophlebitis and marked cutaneous
      hyperreactivity (pathergy) who developed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with
      recalcitrant leg ulcerations nine years after the onset of his illness. Although
      he was treated with topical and systemic antibiotics for presumed bacterial
      superinfection, cutaneous ulcerations continued to develop and enlarge; only
      after prednisone therapy was begun was there a dramatic response with complete
      resolution. Despite high-dose prednisone therapy, the pathergy test remained
      markedly positive; however, no new skin ulcerations appeared.

PMID- 4037954
TI  - Portal-systemic myelopathy after portacaval shunt surgery.
AB  - Portal-systemic myelopathy is a rare complication of surgically created or
      spontaneous portal-systemic shunts in patients with chronic liver disease. We
      treated two patients with this entity, both of whom had undergone portacaval
      shunt operations.

PMID- 4037955
TI  - Role of angiotensin in lethal cerebral hypoperfusion during treatment of acute
      hypertension.
AB  - A 23-year-old man developed lethal cerebral hypoperfusion associated with
      angiographically demonstrable cerebral arterial spasm while being treated for
      acute angiotensinogenic hypertension due to a traumatic coarctation of the aorta.
      This complication occurred even though the treatment maintained his blood
      pressure at normotensive to mildly hypertensive levels, without producing more
      than rare and fleeting periods of hypotension. To explain this enigmatic
      development, we propose that the high concentration of angiotensin II in the
      blood constricted the cerebral arteries and thus prevented adequate cerebral
      autoregulation when his blood pressure was lowered by drug therapy.

PMID- 4037952
TI  - Fatal acute respiratory failure after vinblastine-mitomycin therapy in lung
      carcinoma.
AB  - The occurrence of pulmonary toxic reaction due to vinblastine sulfate alone or in
      combination with drugs other than mitomycin is not known. Acute respiratory
      distress is a rare phenomenon in patients receiving both chemotherapeutic agents.
      Two cases of fatal acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema occurred in
      patients receiving vinblastine-mitomycin for non-small-cell carcinoma of the
      lung. In view of the unpredictability of the reaction, observation of patients
      receiving this combination therapy is recommended.

PMID- 4037956
TI  - Dipyridamole-thallium imaging.

PMID- 4037957
TI  - Fractional excretion of chloride in prerenal azotemia.

PMID- 4037958
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase isozyme and hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4037959
TI  - Pericarditis and the sick sinus syndrome.

PMID- 4037960
TI  - A surgical approach to achalasia of the esophagus.

PMID- 4037961
TI  - Ceramic prosthesis of the cervical vertebra in metastatic tumor of the spine.

PMID- 4037962
TI  - [Pyogenic liver abscess].

PMID- 4037963
TI  - Retrocollicular arachnoid cyst with the inferior sagittal sinus anomaly and the
      corpus callosum dysgenesis.

PMID- 4037964
TI  - Visual field defects and the size and shape of pituitary adenomas.

PMID- 4037965
TI  - [Surgery of a left atrial myxoma].

PMID- 4037966
TI  - Thrombosed Lillehei-Kaster mitral prosthesis.

PMID- 4037967
TI  - [Calcified brain abscess. Report of a case].

PMID- 4037968
TI  - [Intrapulmonary tunnel repair for the anomalous origin of the left coronary
      artery from the pulmonary artery: report of a case].

PMID- 4037969
TI  - Pelvic deformity after simple pelvic osteotomy.

PMID- 4037970
TI  - Improvement of femoral head coverage by Chiari osteotomy.

PMID- 4037971
TI  - [Experimental studies on the hemodynamics of the gastric tube for esophageal
      reconstruction].

PMID- 4037972
TI  - [Microwave surgery for splenic preservation: an experimental study].

PMID- 4037973
TI  - [Animal abuse and other illegal acts in animal care].

PMID- 4037974
TI  - [Problems concerning pedestrians run over while in prone position].
AB  - By the analysis of 54 traffic accidents involving prone, run-over people it is
      shown that the vast majority were drunken males who lay on the road during the
      night and were there driven over. There are many reasons for the "lying on the
      road" including, falling due to sickness, voluntary lying for suicide, falling of
      lying due to an alcoholic condition. For evidence respectively exclusion a
      previous accident, the clothing must be precisely examined for trace evidence
      (textile changes, transfer of paint, glass fragments, tyretread patterns,
      skidmarks from shoes). An analysis of skin, bones and internal organs indicates
      the cause of the injuries (driving into, throwing on to, throwing off and rolling
      over).

PMID- 4037975
TI  - [Heroin deaths. Cadaver disposal--defensive cadaver dismemberment].

PMID- 4037976
TI  - [Unusual injuries caused by blows with a sash saw].
AB  - A 62-year old man was found killed by multiple blows against the face and head;
      near the victim a hammer with broken grip, a bended saw (weight 142 g), and in
      the possession of the doer two hatchets. Some straigt, parallel, horizontal
      wounds in the face with smooth lips and straigt incisions of the maxilla first
      were interpreted as violations by hatchet. The culprit confessed attacks by
      hammer and saw, but not by hatchet. Experimental blows with a saw like the used
      on the leg of a corpse showed an unexpected result: it was possible to produce
      wounds of the soft-tissues and the bone similar to those by hatchets.

PMID- 4037977
TI  - [Evaluation of cuticula structure of the human hair].
AB  - The cuticula is influenced by inner and outer factors. Through the combination of
      these factors the cuticula takes forms, which can be individual in same cases.
      But in most cases the marks of the cuticula are not enough specific to attach a
      hair to an individual person. Therefore the hair investigation has to be done in
      combination with other marks of the hair.

PMID- 4037979
TI  - Nature and linkage type of fatty acids present in lipopolysaccharides of phase I
      and II Coxiella burnetii.
AB  - The constituent fatty acids of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Coxiella burnetii
      (phase I and II) were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed by combined gas
      liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The total fatty acid content (per mg
      LPS) was determined as 90.0 nmol (2.3 wt%) for LPS of phase I cells (LPS I) and
      179.1 nmol (4.8 wt%) for LPS of phase II cells (LPS II). Of the 24 different acyl
      residues characterized (12 to 18 carbon atoms), nine were 3-hydroxy fatty acids
      (normal, iso- and anteiso-branched) which quantitatively predominated. All 3
      hydroxylated fatty acids were found to possess the (R)-configuration, to be
      exclusively amide-linked and to be acylated at their 3-hydroxyl group. Ester
      linked nonhydroxylated fatty acids (normal, iso- and anteiso-branched) were
      present but ester-bound 3-hydroxy- or 3-acyloxyacyl residues were lacking from C.
      burnetii LPS I and LPS II. As the major acyl group (R)-3-(12-methyl
      tetradecanoyloxy)-12-methyl-tetradecanoic acid was identified. Our results show
      that the complex fatty acid spectrum of C. burnetii differs considerably from
      that of LPS of other Gram-negative bacteria. They further suggest an enormous
      heterogeneity of the lipid A component of C. burnetii LPS I and LPS II.

PMID- 4037978
TI  - Isolation of L8 and L8S8 forms of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
      from Chromatium vinosum.
AB  - The enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase has been purified from
      Chromatium vinosum. When an extract is subjected to centrifugation at 35,000 X g
      in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 and the supernatant is treated
      with 50 mM Mg2+ and the precipitate is then fractionated by vertical
      centrifugation into a reoriented sucrose gradient followed by chromatography on
      diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephadex A50, the resultant enzyme contains large (L)
      and small (S) subunits. Alternatively, centrifugation of extracts at 175,000 X g
      in the presence of PEG-6000 followed by fractionation with Mg2+, density gradient
      centrifugation, and chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A50 yields an enzyme free of
      small subunits. The two forms have comparable carboxylase and oxygenase
      activities and have compositions and molecular weights corresponding to L8 and
      L8S8 enzymes. The amino acid compositions of L and S subunits are reported. The
      L8S8 enzyme from spinach cannot be similarly dissociated by centrifugation at
      175,000 X g in the presence of PEG-6000.

PMID- 4037981
TI  - Effect of 2-deoxyglucose, alpha-methylglucoside, and glucosamine on aflatoxin
      production by Aspergillus parasiticus.
AB  - The effects of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG), alpha-methylglucoside (alpha-MG), and
      glucosamine (GA) on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus were studied
      using conidia-initiated and replacement cultures. In conidia-initiated, 2-DOG,
      alpha-MG, and GA supported varying amounts of growth when employed as sole carbon
      sources. In both conidia-initiated and replacement cultures, 2-DOG, but not alpha
      MG nor GA, as sole carbon sources support toxin formation. None of the compounds
      inhibited aflatoxin production when used in combination with glucose. It appears
      that neither 2-DOG, alpha-MG, nor GA can be considered nonmetabolizable analogs
      of glucose in A. parasiticus.

PMID- 4037980
TI  - A sodium ion gradient as energy source for Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus.
AB  - The determination of enzymatic activities in cell-free extracts of
      Acidaminococcus fermentans and Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus led to a
      refined scheme for the pathway of glutamate fermentation via (R)-2
      hydroxyglutarate to acetate and butyrate. From the ratio of these products the
      amount of ATP generated by substrate level phosphorylation was calculated. Growth
      experiments with the organisms including Clostridium symbiosum and Clostridium
      tetanomorphum indicated that a sodium gradient contributed additional energy for
      growth. The high growth yields found in organisms containing the biotin dependent
      sodium pump glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase could be reduced by the sodium ionophor
      monensin. In P. asaccharolyticus energy equivalent up to 0.6 mol ATP per mol of
      glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylated was conserved via the Na+ gradient. The data may
      explain the growth promoting effects of monensin in cattle.

PMID- 4037982
TI  - Melanin biosynthesis and the metabolism of flaviolin and 2-hydroxyjuglone in
      Wangiella dermatitidis.
AB  - Melanin biosynthesis in the human pathogen Wangiella dermatitidis was inhibited
      by tricyclazole, causing pentaketide melanin metabolites to accumulate in the
      cultures. One of these metabolites, scytalone, was racemic and thus different
      than the (+)-enantiomer from Verticillium dahliae. An albino mutant of W.
      dermatitidis metabolized scytalone to a pigment ultrastructurally identical to
      wild-type melanin. Cell-free homogenates of the wild type carried out typical
      reductive and dehydrative reactions with known melanin intermediates and the
      reductive reactions were inhibited by tricyclazole. Other reductive and
      dehydrative reactions that utilize flaviolin and 2-hydroxyjuglone were studied
      anaerobically with homogenates from both the wild type and the albino mutant. The
      homogenates converted flaviolin to 5-hydroxyscytalone and products identical to
      those obtained from 2-hydroxyjuglone. The albino, in culture, carried out the
      same reactions with 2-hydroxyjuglone but metabolized flaviolin to a number of
      unknown colored products apparently through oxidative reactions. Similarities
      between the melanin pathway and the flaviolin and 2-hydroxyjuglone branch
      pathways are discussed and tricyclazole is shown to inhibit reductive reactions
      with naphthols in the three pathways.

PMID- 4037983
TI  - A newly-isolated marine methanogen harbors a small cryptic plasmid.
AB  - Of 21 recently isolated strains of methanococci, one was found to harbor a small,
      cryptic, low copy number plasmid. Reproducible recovery was achieved by alkaline
      lysis of cells pretreated with proteinase K in an osmotically stabilizing buffer.
      The plasmid was found to contain a single AvaI site. No homology was detected
      between the plasmid and DNA from any of the other new strains or from five known
      species of methanococci.

PMID- 4037984
TI  - Thought disorder in children at risk for psychosis.
AB  - The Thought Disorder Index, which has been shown to be a reliable and valid
      measure of the degree of thought disorder in adult psychotic patients, was used
      to assess thought disorder in children. Normal children aged 5 to 16 years,
      hospitalized psychotic children, children hospitalized for nonpsychotic
      behavioral problems, and children born to a psychotic mother (high-risk) were
      tested. In the normal sample, thought disorder decreases with age. The level of
      thought disorder in psychotic children and high-risk children was about three
      times higher than that of the normal children, whereas the level of thought
      disorder of the nonpsychotic hospitalized children was no different from that of
      the normal children. The study also detected differences in the kinds of thought
      disorder that characterize the psychotic and high-risk groups vs the other
      children. The presence of thought disorder may be thought of as a useful
      indicator of the diathesis for functional psychosis. The Thought Disorder Index
      merits selection as a tool for investigating thought disorder as a potential
      precursor variable in studies of children at risk for schizophrenia and manic
      depressive illness.

PMID- 4037985
TI  - Brain-stem dysfunction in autism. Results of vestibular stimulation.
AB  - Responses to vestibular stimulation can, under well-controlled experimental
      conditions, provide a measure of brain-stem function. Autistic children had
      significantly longer time constants during the primary nystagmus response and
      significantly fewer beats during the secondary response than normal children when
      stimulated with constant angular acceleration in complete darkness. These
      findings could not be attributed to gross differences in arousal, to
      developmental retardation, to associated clinical conditions, or to either the
      influence of vision or habituation. Rather, they are suggestive of a
      neurophysiologic dysfunction, perhaps involving the brain stem, and may be an
      expression of the process that underlies those autistic behaviors that suggest
      faulty modulation of sensory input and motor output. Brain-stem centers modulate
      both general sensory input and motor excitation and may play a role in the
      elaboration of the more complex adaptive and motivated behaviors that are also
      disturbed in autism.

PMID- 4037986
TI  - Hyperactive children have grown up. What have we learned about what happens to
      them?

PMID- 4037987
TI  - Hyperactive boys almost grown up. I. Psychiatric status.
AB  - We report a prospective longitudinal study of 101 male adolescents (ages 16 to 23
      years) who had been diagnosed hyperactive in childhood (ages 6 to 12 years),
      compared with 100 normal controls. The DSM-III diagnoses were made blind to group
      membership. Information was obtained for 98% of the original cohort. The full
      attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH) syndrome persisted in 31% of
      the probands vs in 3% of the controls. The only other two conditions that
      distinguished the groups significantly were conduct and substance use disorders.
      These disorders aggregated significantly among the probands with continued ADDH.
      The results indicate that the greatest risk factor for the development of
      antisocial behavior and drug abuse is the maintenance of ADDH symptoms. Substance
      use disorders followed the onset of conduct disorder in the overwhelming majority
      of the cases.

PMID- 4037988
TI  - Early parental separation and adult depression.
AB  - In a comparison with 300 matched controls, significantly more of 300 patients
      with nonendogenous depression had experienced permanent separation (not due to
      death) from their mother before both 11 and 17 years of age and significantly
      more had experienced permanent separation from their father (not due to death)
      before both 11 and 17 years of age. The results suggest that early permanent
      separation from mother is a risk factor for nonendogenous depression but occurs
      in only about 6.7% of these patients before 11 years of age and in about 10%
      before 17 years of age and early permanent separation from father is also a risk
      factor for nonendogenous depression and occurs in about 9.3% of these patients
      before 11 years of age and in about 16.7% before 17 years of age.

PMID- 4037989
TI  - Affective disorders in referred children and younger siblings of manic
      depressives. Mode of onset and prospective course.
AB  - We studied 68 referred juvenile offspring or siblings of adult bipolar patients.
      Mean age at onset of affective and related disturbances was 15.9 years (range, 6
      to 24 years). Although four of the ten prepubertal children had hypomanic
      features, full-blown manic psychosis did not appear before puberty. In the sample
      at large, 12 were classified as dysthymic and ten as cyclothymic. Eleven
      additional subjects with polysubstance abuse, who at onset did not meet criteria
      for affective disorder, were reclassified as having either a dysthymic or a
      cyclothymic disorder during follow-up. Of the remaining patients--24 depressive,
      eight manic, and three mixed state--71% experienced recurrences; mood-incongruent
      features, present in four cases at onset, recurred in only one patient during
      subsequent episodes. Overall, half the sample evidenced signs of bipolarity
      during a mean prospective follow-up period of three years.

PMID- 4037990
TI  - Cortisol secretion in endogenous depression. I. Basal plasma levels.
AB  - Plasma levels of cortisol were sampled for 24 hours in 32 endogenously depressed
      (ED) patients and 72 normal controls who also underwent the dexamethasone
      suppression test. The ED patients had significantly higher mean 24-hour plasma
      levels of cortisol (means 24h PC). However, means 24h PC values of subjects in
      both groups were normally distributed, with a marked overlap between the two.
      Only seven ED patients had means 24h PC values higher than 2 SDs from the normal
      mean (greater than 10 micrograms/dL). An abnormal dexamethasone suppression test
      result was only partially related to basal cortisol levels. The mean plasma level
      of cortisol between 1 and 4 PM was found to be highly correlated with the means
      24h PC value in ED patients, as has been previously reported in normal subjects
      and patients with various other diseases (in which it also powerfully
      discriminated between hypersecretors and normosecretors). This finding supports
      the use of mean cortisol levels between 1 and 4 PM as a reliable and convenient
      indication of cortisol secretion.

PMID- 4037991
TI  - Cortisol secretion in endogenous depression. II. Time-related functions.
AB  - Plasma levels of cortisol were sampled for 24 hours in 32 endogenously depressed
      (ED) patients and 72 controls to examine mean 24-hour plasma levels of cortisol,
      intervention in the feedback mechanism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
      system (the dexamethasone suppression test), the circadian rhythm of cortisol
      secretion and its magnitude, and the ultradian rhythm of cortisol secretion. The
      main difference in the pattern of cortisol secretion in ED patients, as compared
      with controls, was in the ultradian rhythm. No acrophase or nadir advance of
      cortisol secretion in endogenous depression was found when age was controlled,
      but there was an earlier timing of first secretory episode of cortisol (during
      night). Only some ED patients have abnormalities in each of the functions
      studied, and they only partially overlap each other. The results suggest that
      abnormal cortisol secretion in depression should not be viewed as a monolithic
      malfunction characteristic of endogenous depression.

PMID- 4037992
TI  - Do cohort effects influence suicide rates?

PMID- 4037993
TI  - Conditioning and the origins of psychopathology.

PMID- 4037994
TI  - [Practical application of logistic function to the growth of experimental
      tumors].
AB  - The properties of the logistic law of growth (Verhulst-Pearl) and a simple method
      for computing of statistical approximation are described. Two parameters are
      estimated: the generation rate c and the mortality rate c0, although the real
      biological processes are of greater complexity. The logistic law is modified by
      an additional term concerning the prefinal decline in the last life span. To
      prove the curve fitting to tumour growth by the modified logistic function the
      total number of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells was measured in 144 mice at 12
      different times after inoculation. The accuracy of the curve fitting proved to be
      very good. Therefore the logistic function modified by an additional term for the
      final stages, is particularly suited for the characterization of Ehrlich ascites
      tumour growth and its changes.

PMID- 4037995
TI  - Some remarks on preinvasive cervical neoplasia--an image analysis study.
AB  - By means of automated microscope image analysis 5275 normal cells as well as
      dyscaryotic cells were investigated in cytologic preparations from 53 cervical
      smears (26 negative cases, 27 positive cases). In this way, visually not
      conspicuous differences between normal cell populations of positive and negative
      cases could be demonstrated with multivariate statistic analysis of discriminant
      features. The examination of this phenomenon in 2910 epithelial cells from tissue
      sections of portio conizations has shown that the subvisually changed epithelial
      cells originate from circumscript regions in the margin and surroundings of CIN
      lesions. The biological role of these changes in the formal genesis of cervical
      neoplasias has been discussed.

PMID- 4037996
TI  - Automated microscope image analysis in the cytological tumor diagnostics. Results
      on borderline-cases of mammary tumors.
AB  - 50 fine-needle biopsies of mammary tumors (20 medullary carcinomas, 20
      fibroadenomas, and 10 false negative judged cases) were studied by automated
      microscopic image analysis. Eight morphometric and densitometric features of the
      tumor cell nuclei were determined on Papanicolaou stained smears. It was analyzed
      whether smears false judged as negative can be rightly allocated as carcinomas by
      the automated method. The results of this study have shown that it was possible
      by means of three cell nucleus parameters (standard deviation of the area, mean
      area ratio, and skewness of the grey value gradient at contours) with 100%
      correct separation of the unequivocal cytologies into malignant and benign smears
      to recognize about 90% of the false judged smears rightly as carcinomas. The
      results are reproducible and can be obtained in a time of 2-5 min per smear. The
      first results show that the automated microscope image analysis may be a valuable
      tool in the diagnosis of borderline-cases of mammary tumors.

PMID- 4037997
TI  - Biochemical and cytological features of diffuse mesotheliomas of the pleura.
AB  - The malignant mesothelioma was proved by autopsy as cause for death in 55 cases-
      42 men and 13 women. 4 men had the tumor without pleural effusion. Transthoracic
      fine needle biopsy confirmed the suspicion 3 times. The fluids caused by the
      tumor were exudates 50 times. One fluid was a transudate. Cytological
      examinations led to the partition into four sections with the following main
      findings: histiocytes, mesothelial cells also in clusters, tumor cells--21 cases;
      tumor cells without perceptibility of the matrix--18 cases; cytological empty
      sediments--8 cases; finding of inflammation--4 cases. The determination of the
      level of hyaluronic acid in pleural fluids by a colorimetric test proved a
      malignant mesothelioma in one third of these cases. The synopsis of the named
      parameters together with clinical dates in general use gives the possibility to
      put up the diagnosis of the primarily malignant disease of the pleura during
      lifetime of a patient.

PMID- 4037998
TI  - [Clinical cancer documentation of the Central Institute for Cancer Research of
      the Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic, Berlin-Buch--tasks,
      organization and usefulness].
AB  - The Hospital based Cancer Registry working at the Central Institute for Cancer
      Research, Academy of Sciences of GDR is demonstrated. The paper describes its
      organization, the data collected, its activities and benefit for research and
      clinical practice.

PMID- 4038000
TI  - Is it possible to overcome completely the problem of the poor quality of cancer
      mortality data?

PMID- 4037999
TI  - [The problem of occupational cancer in cancer of the nose and the nasal sinuses
      in patients exposed to sawdust].
AB  - The results of a cross-sectional study carried out in seven districts of the GDR
      and Berlin, capital of the GDR, show a significantly increased number of tumors
      in male woodworkers. Compared to 13 expected tumors the number of those observed
      amounted to 62. The most frequent localisation was the ethmoidal sinus;
      adenocarcinomas dominated histologically.

PMID- 4038001
TI  - Phagocytosis of collagen by fibroblasts incident to experimental tooth movement.
AB  - The upper molars of adult Wistar rats were moved lingually by a wire spring for 5
      and 9 days. Collagen-containing fibroblasts in the pressure zone caused by the
      tooth movement were investigated morphologically (forms characterized by type A
      and type B compartments) and cytochemically (location of acid and alkaline
      phosphatase activity). The following results were obtained: The distribution of
      collagen-containing fibroblasts with type A or type B compartments could not be
      distinguished clearly in either 5-day or 9-day specimens; Acid phosphatase
      activity was recognized in the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and elliptical bodies
      associated with type B compartments; Alkaline phosphatase activity was positive
      in the plasma membrane of collagen-containing profiles and in both intracellular
      and extracellular collagen fibrils. These results suggest that fibroblasts are
      capable of phagocytosing collagen fibrils in all areas of the cytoplasmic
      membrane and that digestion of collagen fibrils in fibroblasts may be associated
      with acid and alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 4038003
TI  - Differentiation of red pulp and evaluation of hemopoietic role of human prenatal
      spleen.
AB  - Both the development of red pulp and hemopoietic activity in spleen obtained from
      62 human embryos and fetuses between 30 days and 20 weeks after ovulation were
      investigated light and electron microscopically. The spleen develops in the left
      posterior portion of the dorsal mesogastrium at 35-40 days after ovulation. At
      the 8th week after ovulation, reticular cells formed a three-dimensional
      meshwork. Two types of reticular cells (dark and clear reticular cells) were
      observed in the splenic cord in the 12-13th week after ovulation. Mature
      hemopoietic cells, mostly of the erythroblastic series, increased in number in
      the extravascular spaces with the development of the fetus. However, presumptive
      hemopoietic stem cells or "undifferentiated mononuclear cells" (Fukuda, 1973a)
      did not appear in the spleen. Moreover, immature hemopoietic cells such as
      proerythroblasts, myeloblasts and megakaryoblasts could not be detected.
      Therefore, despite the occurrence of a well-developed reticular cell network,
      hemopoiesis was judged to have not taken place in human fetal spleen. Macrophages
      appeared in the spleen at the 8th week after ovulation and increased in number
      with the the development of the fetus. Phagocytosis of decrepit blood cells
      proved to be an essential function of the spleen.

PMID- 4038002
TI  - Visualization of the cerebrospinal fluid drainage into the Galen's vein.
AB  - Arachnoid granulations are not always present in lower mammals and primate
      newborns. In order to visualize the route for the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to
      drain into the venous system, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the
      lateral ventricle or cisterna cerebellomedullaris of the mouse and rat. From 30
      to 60 min after the commencing of a slow infusion for 15-30 min of 0.05-0.1 ml
      solution containing 10-20 mg HRP, the mouse, whose skull had been exposed, was
      dropped into cold acetone at dry ice temperature; other animals were fixed by
      perfusion with aldehyde solution. The frozen head was dissected in a cryostat
      kept at -18 degrees C to remove the skull, but leave the dura mater and the falx
      cerebri. The brain with meninges was cut into 30-45 microns sagittal sections in
      the cryostat, and processed for peroxidase reaction. The perfusion-fixed brains
      were used for scanning electron microscopy and for electron microscope
      observation of the tracer. The reaction product was found within fenestrated
      venous capillaries of the choroid plexus. The route for the HRP in the CSF to
      drain into the sinus rectus via the vena choroidea and vena cerebri magna was
      directly visualized in the mouse.

PMID- 4038004
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in development and aging of the interrenal cell of the
      salamander, Hynobius nebulosus.
AB  - The fine structure of interrenal cells in the salamander, Hynobius nebulosus,
      from prometamorphic larvae to its adult stage, was observed with electron and
      light microscopes. In all the animals examined the interrenal cell clusters were
      located at the medial edge of the ventral surface along the total length of each
      kidney, suggestive of a primitive nature. In larval salamanders, the interrenal
      cells contained small to moderate numbers of lipid droplets, and their cytoplasm
      was filled with a tubular network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and
      numerous mitochondria with tubulo-vesicular cristae. In the adult and young adult
      salamanders, however, most interrenal cells were filled with lipid droplets, so
      that both tubular SER and mitochondria were decreased in amount in inverse
      proportion to the increased lipid droplets. These mitochondria frequently
      contained a crystalloid structure composed of closely packed tubules which were
      continuous with the cristae. These findings suggest that the interrenal cells in
      the larvae are more active than those in the adult or young adult salamanders. In
      addition, the interrenal cells at the end of metamorphosis contained a greater
      number of enlarged mitochondria with loosely distributed tubular cristae and with
      a less dense matrix and more numerous membrane-bounded dense bodies, 0.1-0.3
      micron in diameter, than those at the prometamorphic stage. These findings
      suggest that the cells are their most active at this stage. In the prometamorphic
      larvae, bundles of filaments frequently occurred in the cytoplasm, especially
      around the nucleus. These filaments gradually decreased in number with the
      advance of age, and in young adult salamanders they appeared only occasionally.

PMID- 4038005
TI  - Ultrastructure of the glomerular corpuscular nerve endings in the subepithelium
      of human epiglottis.
AB  - The nerve endings in the subepithelial tissue of the surgically removed human
      epiglottis were observed by electron microscopy. The nerve varicosities (3-6
      microns in diameter) with an accumulation of mitochondria and interconnecting
      nerve fibers supported by Schwann cells constituted the glomerular corpuscles (50
      70 microns in diameter). The processes of the nerve varicosities, containing
      small clear and large dense cored synaptic-like vesicles, were in contact with
      basal cells of the stratified squamous epithelium. The glomerular corpuscular
      nerve endings are presumed to be concerned with low threshold mechanoreceptive
      functions, such as tactile sensation.

PMID- 4038006
TI  - Epithelial-mesenchymal interface in the rat mandibular process observed by
      electron microscopy.
AB  - Epithelial-mesenchymal interfaces in the stomodeal side of the rat mandibular
      processes were observed at Theiler's stages 14 and 15, when no epithelial
      organogenesis could be detected by electron microscopy. At stage 14, the basal
      lamina was discontinuous. Disintegrated basal lamina-like materials were seen in
      the epithelial-mesenchymal interface. A number of coated vesicles and smooth
      vesicles were seen in epithelial cell processes adjacent to the disintegrated
      basal lamina-like materials. Some epithelial cell processes penetrated into the
      mesenchymal space through the basal lamina and touched the ectomesenchymal cells.
      Other epithelial cell processes or satellite cell bodies protruded into the
      mesenchymal space, but were covered with basal laminae. At stage 15, the basal
      lamina was smooth and continuous with partial duplications. Ruthenium red
      positive anionic sites were distributed in the basal lamina and on thin filaments
      underneath the basal lamina. At stage 15, the separation among anionic sites
      became more regular than that at stage 14. In this study we found some stage
      specific morphological events in the epithelial-mesenchymal interface in the
      stomodeal side of the mandibular process at stages preceding the initiation of
      epithelial organogenesis.

PMID- 4038007
TI  - [Histamine analogs. 27. Bis(2,2'-histamine)].

PMID- 4038008
TI  - Chemical properties-dissolution relationship of non-steroidal antiinflammatory
      acidic drugs, I. Release of naproxen from inert matrices.

PMID- 4038009
TI  - [A new amantadine analog].

PMID- 4038010
TI  - [Synthesis of flavones cytotoxic against L1210 cells].

PMID- 4038011
TI  - [Determination of the protein binding of drugs with continuous ultrafiltration.
      7. Protein binding of phenylbutazone].

PMID- 4038012
TI  - Clinical and radiological long-term results after primary knee ligament surgery.
AB  - A total of 77 patients were reviewed 2 to 7 years (average 40 months) after
      primary operative treatment of an acute knee ligament injury. Fifty percent of
      the injuries occurred during sports events, the other causes were traffic in 29%
      of cases and accidents at work, home etc. in 21% of the cases. Cross-country
      skiing was the cause in half of the sports accidents. There were two annual peaks
      in the distribution of the injuries: January-March (40% of the cases) and August
      October (29%). The total number of operations increased steeply during our
      observation period; 57% of the operations were performed from 1980 to 1981. The
      most common types of injury were a combination rupture of the anterior cruciate
      and the medial collateral ligaments (36% of the cases) and a medial collateral
      ligament rupture alone (31%). According to the follow-up study, excellent or good
      results were obtained in 59% of the cases and fair or poor in 41%. The
      pathological clinical and radiological changes after knee ligament injury
      accumulated markedly under some specific findings. Characteristic of the patients
      with excellent healing results was that they were younger, received isolated
      ligament injury and played a great amount of sport, and of the patients with fair
      or poor results that they were older, received combined ligament injury, suffered
      quadriceps muscle atrophy and had diminished sporting activity.

PMID- 4038013
TI  - A method for toxicological evaluation of biomaterials based on colony formation
      of V79 cells.
AB  - This report describes a method for cytotoxicity screening of biomaterials based
      on colony formation of V79 cells. For this test, two metals (titanium and
      nickel), two ceramics (alumina ceramic and tricalcium phosphate), and two types
      of polymeric material [high density polyethylene (HDP) and polyvinylchloride
      (PVC)] were used. Each metal and ceramic was cast into a disk and semidisk 49 mm
      in diameter and 1 to 2 mm thick. The HDP was molded into a petri dish and PVC was
      used as a thin film. The materials were sterilized by heating or with ethylene
      oxide and placed in plastic petri dishes, after which 8 ml cell suspension
      containing 100 cells were added to each dish. After 1 week, the colonies formed
      on the materials were fixed, stained, and then the number of colonies was
      counted. Titanium, alumina ceramic, and HDP showed no differences from the
      controls in terms of colonies. On the disks and the semidisks of nickel and
      tricalcium phosphate and on the thin disks of PVC, however, no colonies were
      detected. The V79 cells used in this experiment showed a rapid and
      logarithmically stable growth curve and such a high rate of colony formation as
      to form visible noticeable colonies, and were therefore suitable cells for
      screening test the cytotoxicity of biomaterials. Unlike other previously reported
      methods of in vitro cytotoxicity testing, this method permits assay of colonies
      formed from a single cell after proliferation directly on the materials.
      Moreover, the test with semidisks permits simple screening to assess the
      cytotoxicity is caused by either the chemical substances or the physical
      properties of the materials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038014
TI  - Fracture of the tibial tuberosity in adolescents.
AB  - Fracture of the tibial tuberosity is an uncommon injury and rarely occurs after
      closure of the proximal tibial epiphysis. Three cases of tibial tuberosity
      fracture over a period of 11 years were treated by open reduction, internal
      fixation, and immobilization for 6 weeks in plaster of Paris (1970-1980). The
      postoperative follow-up times were 5, 6, and 7 years. No subsequent deformities
      were detected. Two patients had secondary posttraumatic patella infera without
      any symptoms. All patients returned to normal activity. The results demonstrated
      that this injury in the adolescent knee heals without deformity of functional
      loss when adequate reduction and fixation of the fracture fragments have been
      achieved.

PMID- 4038016
TI  - Long-term results of wear of plastic hip prostheses.
AB  - The Oscobal-Daubenspeck hip prosthesis was used in 19 hemiarthroplasties and 38
      total hip arthroplasties in 1973-1975 and the 10-year experience is presented.
      Pain recurred some years after the operation. The reason was wear of the high
      density polyethylene prosthesis head, most pronounced in the hemiarthroplasties,
      resulting in wear-debris synovitis, resorption of bone, and mechanical loosening
      of the prosthesis. This design of prosthesis should not be used.

PMID- 4038015
TI  - Late results in supracondylar humeral fractures in children.
AB  - The end results of supracondylar humeral fractures in 151 children after an
      average follow-up period of 15 years are presented. The relationship between the
      carrying angle and the functional result was analyzed. A deformity of the
      carrying angle was not felt by the patients to be a cosmetic handicap, and the
      functional results were not problematic. However, the least satisfactory
      subjective results in the series were associated with a decrease of the carrying
      angle by at least 10 degrees and with a significant proportion of the limitations
      of movement of the elbow joint.

PMID- 4038017
TI  - Surgical treatment of fractures of the proximal end of the radius in childhood.
AB  - In childhood, fracture of the neck of the radius is rather common. Generally the
      fracture is localized in the metaphysis, sometimes with involvement of the
      epiphysis. Marginal sector fractures, which are common in adults, are very rare.
      Different types of fractures, indications for surgical treatment, therapeutic
      procedures, and results are discussed.

PMID- 4038018
TI  - Ventralization of the tibial tubercle for patellar pain.
AB  - In this study patellar pain in 37 knees was treated by ventralization of the
      tibial tubercle. No primary arthrotomy was performed. Seventy-three percent of
      the knees improved in the opinions of the patients, 11% remained unchanged, and
      16% grew worse. Extension did not deteriorate in any knee. No serious
      complications were encountered. Seven patients had to undergo reoperation. It is
      suggested that patellar pain should be subdivided into that due to excess
      pressure, that due to instability, and that due to excess intraosseous venous
      pressure, in order to find a treatment appropriate to the cause in each case.

PMID- 4038019
TI  - The posterior cruciate ligament and rotatory knee instability. An experimental
      study.
AB  - The importance of the posterior cruciate ligament in relation to valgus-varus and
      axial rotatory stability in the knee joint was investigated. Mobility patterns
      were drawn from 20 osteoligamentous preparations after successive transection of
      the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), the medial and lateral collateral
      ligaments, and the posterior joint capsule. The knee joint remained grossly
      stable after isolated transection of the PCL, and further cutting of either one
      of the collateral ligaments or of the posterior capsule yielded no greater
      instability than one should expect from isolated cutting of each of these
      structures. The posterior cruciate ligament was the stabilizing factor in flexion
      and external rotation after injury to the lateral collateral ligament and the
      posterolateral capsule, and it restricted internal rotation after cutting of the
      medial cruciate ligament and the posteromedial capsule. Valgus instability was
      markedly increased during the whole range of movement when PCL was included in
      injury to the medial compartment ligaments, and when included in a lateral
      compartment injury a further varus instability was found, though only in the
      flexed or semiflexed knee. No hyperextension could be demonstrated after these
      injuries.

PMID- 4038020
TI  - Tibial plateau strength patterns in experimental modular knee replacement.
AB  - Nondestructive low-strain-rate compression tests were carried out on 12 human
      cadaver tibiae fitted with a metal modular resurfacing component on the medial or
      lateral condyle. The tests were done at 20 regularly spaced points on each
      plateau. The reproducibility of measurement was +/- 16% (95% tolerance limits). A
      statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between stiffness and
      ultimate force values obtained from the same points (r = 0.75, P less than
      0.005). On the medial plateau the compressive stiffness of the system was maximal
      when load was applied to the center of the prosthesis, but declined sharply
      toward the medial and posterior margins. On the lateral plateau maximal stiffness
      values were obtained more posteriorly, and the stiffness gradients toward the
      periphery were less marked. Details of surgical technique and specific loading
      situations that may cause undesirable combinations of load and point of
      prosthetic component contact are discussed.

PMID- 4038021
TI  - Residual deformities related to arthrotic change after Perthes' disease. A long
      term follow-up of fifty-one cases.
AB  - In order to clarify the long-term results of Perthes' disease and to elucidate
      the residual deformities, including those of the acetabulum, related to
      coxarthrosis, 51 patients who had had Perthes' disease were studied clinically
      and radiologically. Altogether there were 56 affected hips and radiographs taken
      from onset of disease to maturity were available in all cases. They were followed
      up for an average of 18 years. Thirteen hips (23%) revealed coxarthrosis. Head
      deformity, steepness of the lateral edge of the acetabulum, and insufficient
      acetabular coverage of the femoral head were noted in them both in adulthood and
      in the active phase of disease. Among these deformities, steepness of the lateral
      edge of the acetabulum was found to be the most significant prognostic factor and
      led to coxarthrosis of the affected hip even in the younger adult. Acetabular
      roof angle, which is a newly designed radiographic measurement, is a good
      indicator of the prognosis in Perthes' disease.

PMID- 4038022
TI  - Orthodromic vs antidromic sensory nerve latencies in healthy persons.
AB  - Sensory nerve action potentials may be evoked antidromically (AD) by stimulating
      a nerve proximally and recording distally, or orthodromically (OD) by stimulating
      distally and recording over the nerve trunk proximally. The objective of this
      study was to compare OD and AD distal latencies in healthy subjects. Fifty-two
      volunteers (average age 30 years) were tested. Orthodromic and AD sensory distal
      latencies of the median and ulnar nerves of the nondominant hand were obtained.
      Hand temperature was controlled at 32C. Six subjects were also tested at a hand
      temperature of 24C. In all subjects tested the OD latency was shorter than the AD
      latency. Median nerve AD = 3.14 +/- 0.20 (mean latency in ms +/- 1 standard
      deviation); median nerve OD = 2.94 +/- 0.20; ulnar nerve AD = 3.07 +/- 0.22;
      ulnar nerve OD = 2.85 +/- 0.19. Mean difference between the latencies obtained
      (OD vs AD) for the median and ulnar nerves was statistically significant (p less
      than 0.001). In addition, this difference was over twice as great at 24C compared
      to 32C for both median and ulnar nerves. Because of the difference between OD and
      AD sensory latencies, the standard values obtained using one method cannot be
      rigorously applied when utilizing the other method. Individual laboratories
      should develop their own normal values for both OD and AD methods, or be specific
      in performance of the studies when utilizing standards from the literature.

PMID- 4038023
TI  - Medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves: standardization of technique,
      reliability and age effect on healthy subjects.
AB  - Techniques for performing antidromic conduction velocity studies on forearm
      sensory nerves were evaluated in 157 healthy subjects from 17 to 80 years of age.
      The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN) and the medial antebrachial
      cutaneous nerve (MABCN) were studied in the same upper extremity at a distance of
      14 cm. The mean values for LABCN were amplitude 18.9 microV, latency to peak 2.8
      ms and conduction velocity (CV) 61.5 m/s; for MABCN, amplitude 11.4 microV,
      latency to peak 2.7 ms and CV 62.7 m/s; and for median nerve, CV 62.3 m/s. SNAPs
      were obtained in 98% of subjects for each forearm sensory nerve. Age-related
      changes in the MABCN and LABCN were small, but included a decreased number of
      high value SNAP amplitudes and CVs with advancing age, whereas values for the
      median nerve showed a slight overall decrease with age. Sex effects were
      negligible. It is concluded that: LABCN and MABCN conduction studies can be
      performed with equal and high reliability using standard techniques and the same
      constant distance; The amplitude of the LABCN tends to be larger than that of the
      MABCN (76% of subjects); In some subjects MABCN studies are technically more
      difficult to perform than LABCN studies; Forearm sensory nerve studies may be
      used in addition to median nerve sensory studies in the evaluation of peripheral
      neuropathy, brachial plexopathy and local neuropathic conditions.

PMID- 4038024
TI  - Sensory palmar stimulation in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.
AB  - The measurement of motor and sensory latencies of the median and ulnar nerves
      using conventional techniques in able-bodied subjects and patients with a history
      compatible with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is described. The results obtained
      by conventional techniques are compared with measurement of median nerve sensory
      latency obtained by palmar stimulation and the difference of median-ulnar nerve
      distal sensory latencies. It is concluded that the use of measurement of median
      palmar sensory latency under the flexor retinaculum adds to the sensitivity of
      the nerve conduction studies in the diagnosis of CTS. It is suggested that, in
      patients with suspected CTS in whom conventional nerve conduction studies are
      normal, other techniques such as the measurement of palmar sensory latency,
      difference between median and ulnar nerve distal sensory latency and examination
      of all the digits should be carried out.

PMID- 4038025
TI  - Changes in motor unit action potential parameters in monopolar recordings related
      to filter settings of the EMG amplifier.
AB  - We studied the effect of different electromyographic amplifier settings on
      various parameters of motor unit potentials (MUPs) as recorded by the monopolar
      needle. Of the four filter settings used--2Hz-10kHz, 20Hz-10kHz, 20Hz-2kHz and
      500Hz-10kHz--2Hz-10kHz yielded longest duration recordings. Reductions of all
      parameters of the MUP except for phases and turns were demonstrated with the
      500Hz-10kHz filter. No significant differences were noted between recordings
      obtained with 20Hz-10kHz and 20Hz-2kHz filters. Frequencies below 500Hz were more
      significant in determining the various parameters of the MUP than were those
      above 2kHz. Most suitable filter settings for recording MUPs were 2Hz-10kHz and
      20Hz-10kHz. Measurements of MUPs were shown to be specific for a given filter
      setting.

PMID- 4038026
TI  - Physical activity: its influence on nerve conduction velocity.
AB  - In a group of 40 healthy subjects, distal and proximal latencies of the median,
      tibial, and peroneal motor, and sural sensory nerves and their respective skin
      surface temperatures (Tsk) were measured before and after walking or bicycling.
      The baseline tests were performed 30 minutes after resting in a constant room
      temperature of 24C. The ambulation or bicycling task was continued for 30 minutes
      at a constant rate. Postactivity tests were performed within 30 minutes and
      between 45 to 60 minutes after termination of activity. Another test was done 75
      to 90 minutes after bicycle exercise. After walking, there was a significant
      increase in Tsk in all lower extremity nerves tested (p less than 0.01). The
      increases were accompanied by faster distal and proximal latencies in both
      testing periods (p less than 0.01). Median nerve Tsk, distal and proximal
      latencies did not differ significantly from baseline values initially, but 45
      minutes after walking Tsk was elevated and proximal latency had become faster (p
      less than 0.01). Following bicycling, lower extremity Tsk was significantly
      reduced over tibial, peroneal, and sural nerves by the third testing period (p
      less than 0.01) but only sural latencies were significantly prolonged (p less
      than 0.05) by this time. In the upper extremities median Tsk was significantly
      elevated and distal latency had become significantly faster 45 minutes after
      bicycling. Our data suggest that activity significantly influences nerve
      conduction latency results due to tissue temperature alteration. In addition, 30
      minutes of rest after activity may not be sufficient time for the lower extremity
      temperatures to become stable.

PMID- 4038027
TI  - Electromyographic kinesiology of lower extremity muscles during slope walking.
AB  - To investigate the phasic activity of the lower extremity muscles during up- and
      downslope walking, five muscles of ten healthy men were examined by telemetered
      electromyography (EMG). The muscles were the tibialis anterior (TA),
      gastrocnemius (Gc), rectus femoris (RF), semitendinosus (St) and gluteus maximus
      (GM). The inclination of the slope was 3, 6, 9 and 12 degrees. EMG of the muscles
      and the time factors of a walking cycle were recorded by a 12-channel polygraph
      simultaneously. In upslope walking, the duration of TA, St and GM activity was
      longer and that of RF activity was shorter than in level walking. The phasic
      pattern of Gc in upslope walking was the same as in level walking. In downslope,
      the duration of Gc and RF activity was longer than on the level. St showed
      biphasic activities. The phasic pattern of TA and GM was nearly the same as in
      level walking. The phasic activity of the muscles altered with an inclination
      over 6 degrees in upslope, and over 3 degrees in downslope. The findings indicate
      that the muscles stabilize the knee and ankle joint much more in slope walking
      than in level walking, and in slope walking they also exert themselves to elevate
      or lower the body weight.

PMID- 4038028
TI  - Cerebral palsy: postural-locomotor prognosis in spastic diplegia.
AB  - Prognosis of locomotion in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is complicated by
      the variety of motor and other neurologic deficits in each case. Children
      presenting with spastic diplegic (SD) CP related to prematurity generally
      demonstrate more uniform and comparable neuromotor abnormalities. In this study,
      longitudinal data were collected on the early postural-locomotor development of
      children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP). The data were then
      correlated with the level of ambulatory function attained. Fifty spastic
      pediatric patients, aged 5 to 19 years, were included in the study completed in
      1982. The duration of follow-up ranged from 4 to 16 years. The study is based
      upon a method of assessing preambulatory milestones, a classification of
      ambulatory function into four levels of ability, and correlates these two sets of
      data. The results indicate that the motor control of sitting and crawling at 1
      1/2 to 2 1/2 years was predictive of the eventual level of ambulatory function
      the child was able to attain and maintain.

PMID- 4038029
TI  - Hip flexion contractures: a comparison of measurement methods.
AB  - Rater reliability characteristics of four positioning techniques used to measure
      hip extension (prone hip extension, Thomas, Mundale, and pelvifemoral angle) were
      compared. Two raters examined 45 children (90 hips), including patients with
      spastic diplegia and with meningomyelocele, who are prone to developing hip
      flexion contractures, and healthy subjects. Retests were performed on 21
      children. The least reliable readings in the cerebral palsy group were found from
      tests using the Thomas technique, and in the meningomyelocele group using the
      Mundale technique. The pelvifemoral angle is more time consuming, and no more
      accurate than other methods. Considering the ease of measurement, reliability and
      reproducibility, we recommend use of the prone hip extension test for patients
      with cerebral palsy and for those with meningomyelocele, and recommend the Thomas
      test as an alternative for nonspastic patients.

PMID- 4038030
TI  - Reality orientation for brain injured patients: group treatment and monitoring of
      recovery.
AB  - A reality orientation group for brain injured patients was developed to improve
      attention deficits, confusion and anterograde amnesia during post-traumatic
      amnesia (PTA). Seven behavioral objectives are used to define adequate
      orientation, attention, immediate retention, episodic recall and use of memory
      aids. Daily performance in each of these areas is aggregated to establish a
      weekly summary score. Inter-rater reliability was found to be 0.875. The weekly
      aggregate score assesses recovery during PTA with increases corresponding to
      qualitative changes in patient progress. This weekly score has proven valuable as
      a management tool in rehabilitation by indicating when advanced training is
      warranted, whether a plateau in progress has been reached and when deterioration
      may be occurring.

PMID- 4038031
TI  - Rehabilitative rheumatology content in current rehabilitation medicine training
      programs.
AB  - The Council on Rehabilitative Rheumatology of the American Rheumatism
      Association, through the Education Subcommittee, surveyed directors of 69
      approved rehabilitation medicine residency training programs to assess the nature
      of training in rehabilitative-rheumatology and whether the directors believed
      this training to be adequate. Sixty-one directors responded, with 84% of the
      respondents reporting a rheumatology department in their hospitals and 43%
      reporting a formal rotation for their residents in rheumatology. Fifty-nine (97%)
      reported their residents received lectures in rheumatology. Fifty-five (90%)
      reported lectures given by a physiatrist in the rehabilitative management of
      rheumatic diseases. Only 21 (34%) reported a physiatrist-attended rheumatology
      outpatient clinic. Fifty-one (82%) desired a closer liaison with the rheumatology
      department. Thirty-seven (61%) indicated their residents received adequate
      training on the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases, and 46 (75%) adequate training
      in rehabilitative management, while 59 (97%) desired a concise handbook which
      emphasizes the rehabilitative management of rheumatic diseases. A previous survey
      of 100 arthritis fellowship programs approved by the American Medical Association
      brought 81 responses, of which only 43% considered that their Fellows had
      adequate training in rehabilitative rheumatology. Physiatrists attended clinics
      21% of the time and patient care rounds 19%. Ninety-four percent desired a
      syllabus. Both surveys indicated limited interaction between the two specialties
      and leads us to conclude that a rehabilitative-rheumatology handbook would be
      desirable, closer liaison of rehabilitation faculty with rheumatology faculty is
      needed to respond to individual training needs, more active participation by a
      physiatrist in patient care conferences may be necessary for adequate education
      in rehabilitative-rheumatology.

PMID- 4038032
TI  - Cheiralgia paresthetica and linear atrophy as a complication of local steroid
      injection.
AB  - Cheiralgia paresthetica, a mononeuropathy of the superficial branch of the radial
      nerve, is an uncommon problem, usually resulting from local trauma to the wrist.
      This report describes a 27-year-old patient who developed subdermal atrophy
      following local hydrocortisone injection as a treatment for deQuervain's
      tenosynovitis. Subsequently, she developed linear skin atrophy, a rare
      complication of steroid injection thought to result from lymphatic spread of the
      steroid suspension, extending proximally from the initial atrophic area in her
      hand into her forearm. Soon after wearing a wristwatch on the affected wrist, she
      developed symptoms of cheiralgia paresthetica. Linear atrophy was found to
      traverse the superficial radial nerve and was considered to contribute to the
      symptoms. It is important to be aware that subcutaneous atrophy may follow the
      lymphatics with injections of steroid.

PMID- 4038033
TI  - Calcitonin therapy in prolonged immobilization hypercalcemia.
AB  - During the course of hospitalization for comprehensive rehabilitation, an 11-year
      old boy with a C4-C5 spinal cord injury developed hypercalcemia which persisted
      for 131 days. The total serum calcium was closely monitored during six treatment
      periods during which calcitonin was administered. The response to calcitonin was
      variable and limited by the occurrence of the escape phenomenon. Glucocorticoids
      were also partly effective but other antihypercalcemic therapies including low
      calcium diet, diuretics, IV saline, wheelchair sitting, and oral phosphates were
      not. A review of the pathophysiology of immobilization hypercalcemia indicates
      that increased bone resorption is primarily responsible for the disorder. Both
      calcitonin and glucocorticoids are potent inhibitors of bone resorption, and
      glucocorticoids can prevent escape from calcitonin's calcium-lowering effect. We
      suggest that combination therapy with calcitonin and glucocorticoids be utilized
      in severe hypercalcemia in order to take advantage of the rapid effect of
      calcitonin and the more sustained effect of glucocorticoids.

PMID- 4038034
TI  - Autonomic dysreflexia due to medication: misadventure in the use of an
      isometheptene combination to treat migraine.
AB  - Autonomic dysreflexia, a syndrome sometimes occurring in spinal cord injured
      (SCI) individuals, may be life-threatening. It involves, in varying degrees,
      hypertension, diaphoresis, headache, bradycardia, anxiety, and flushing and is
      believed due to unrestricted sympathetic activity below the level of the lesion
      in individuals with injuries above T4-6. The most frequent causes of the syndrome
      are urinary infections, rectal impaction, bladder distention, and decubitus
      ulcers. To our knowledge, medication has seldom been described as causal agent.
      We report here on an autonomic dysreflexic syndrome following use of an
      isometheptene combination (Midrin), to treat migraine. The individual involved is
      a C4-quadriplegic man with a long history of migraines. He was given a standard
      initial adult dose of the medication. Over a one-hour period, he was initially
      relieved of the headache, but then noted a new more severe headache, diaphoresis,
      and flushing. His vital signs showed progressive BP elevation to 210/130 and a
      relative bradycardia. Treatment over the next three hours was limited to
      elevation of the head of the bed and observation, during which his vital signs
      returned to baseline and he became asymptomatic. This experience reinforces the
      belief that sympathomimetic drugs in general, and isometheptene in particular,
      should be used in caution in patients with high-level SCI.

PMID- 4038035
TI  - PULSES profile in retrospect.

PMID- 4038037
TI  - Properties of attitude response systems in analytic-dynamic motivation research.

PMID- 4038036
TI  - Judged seriousness of crimes and offenses: 1927, 1967, and 1984.

PMID- 4038038
TI  - [Semantic dimensions of positive and negative affect concepts].

PMID- 4038039
TI  - [Emotional content, imagery, concreteness and meaningfulness of 580 adjectives:
      contribution to the standardization and evaluation of relation hypotheses].

PMID- 4038040
TI  - [Discrete probabalistic reaction models as categorial regression models].

PMID- 4038041
TI  - [Experimental study of simultaneous translating: unit formation and time
      coordination].

PMID- 4038042
TI  - [Proposition related changes in word meaning as differential priming].

PMID- 4038043
TI  - [Revision of predicate-centered sentence theories].

PMID- 4038044
TI  - [Limits of marker theoretical concepts].

PMID- 4038045
TI  - [Speech intelligibility as dependent on prosody].

PMID- 4038046
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica infections in children.

PMID- 4038047
TI  - The mathematical analysis of the data concerning the rheumatic fever diagnostic
      criteria.

PMID- 4038048
TI  - Streptolysin "0" a potentially useful antigen for complement-fixing reactions.

PMID- 4038049
TI  - Anti-neuraminidase antibody response after administration of a split influenza
      vaccine.

PMID- 4038050
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of Blastocystis hominis strain resistant to antiprotozoal
      drugs.

PMID- 4038051
TI  - Vibrio vulnificus in sea water: a possible cause of acute diarrhea in man?

PMID- 4038052
TI  - Multiple-organ failure. Generalized autodestructive inflammation?
AB  - As multiple-organ failure (MOF) has been generally associated with sepsis, the
      importance of bacterial sepsis was evaluated retrospectively in 55 trauma and 37
      intra-abdominal-sepsis patients with MOF. The severity of MOF was graded, and an
      analysis was made of day of onset, incidence, severity, sequence, and mortality
      of organ failures. No difference was found between groups in sequence, severity,
      or mortality of organ failures. In contrast, bacterial sepsis was found in 65% of
      intra-abdominal-sepsis patients but only in 33% of trauma patients. It is
      concluded that sepsis is probably not the essential cause of MOF. Instead, an
      alternative hypothesis is presented involving massive activation of inflammatory
      mediators by severe tissue trauma or intra-abdominal sepsis, resulting in
      systemic damage to vascular endothelia, permeability edema, and impaired oxygen
      availability to the mitochondria despite adequate arterial oxygen transport.

PMID- 4038053
TI  - Sequential pneumatic compression for lymphedema. A controlled trial.
AB  - We examined prospectively the effect of a new compression device for lymphedema,
      which utilizes a short duration and high-pressure cycle, that provides a
      sequential milking pattern to the limb through multiple compartments. Twenty-five
      patients (seven patients for upper-extremity and 18 for lower-extremity problems)
      underwent 24 hours of treatment. All extremities showed a decrease in
      circumferential measurements with the maximal reduction occurring at the wrist
      (45%) for the upper extremities and at the mid-calf (47%) for the lower
      extremities. Lower-extremity leg volume was reduced by 45%. Despite the high
      pressures no elevation in serum muscle enzyme levels was noted. This device
      reduced lymphedematous limbs rapidly and safely.

PMID- 4038054
TI  - Peripheral vascular trauma from close-range shotgun injuries.
AB  - This report summarizes an eight-year experience (1976 to 1983) with 49 close
      range shotgun blasts with associated major vascular injuries seen in a large
      urban hospital. Injuries to the upper extremity (40%), lower extremity (56%), and
      neck (4%) were seen. A high frequency of associated deep venous injury (82%),
      nerve injury (37%), fracture (33%), massive soft-tissue loss (43%), and
      compartmental hypertension (39%) was observed. There were no deaths in this
      series, and the limb salvage rate was 96%. Neither patient with multiple carotid
      artery injuries suffered a neurologic deficit. We attribute our success in the
      management of these complex injuries to rapid fracture immobilization, early and
      aggressive use of fasciotomy, adequate debridement of devitalized tissue, repair
      of deep venous injuries, arterial repair with autogenous tissue, and extra
      anatomic bypass grafting in selected cases.

PMID- 4038055
TI  - Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Incidence in blacks and whites in North
      Carolina.
AB  - We examined race and sex relative to the unexpected finding of an abdominal
      aortic aneurysm (AAA) at 1,665 autopsies plus 545 abdominal computed tomographic
      scans in subjects over the age of 50 years. We compared our demographic data with
      those of North Carolina and our hospital to determine if the data base was
      representative. White males had a higher incidence (4.2%) of AAA than any other
      group of race and sex (1.2% to 1.6%) or combination of groups. Although whites
      (2.9%) had a higher incidence than blacks (1.5%) and males (3.4%) had a higher
      incidence than females (1.3%), this can be attributed to the influence of the
      white male. The demographic data of the group studied were similar to those of
      our institution's admissions and to the North Carolina population. We conclude
      that (1) there is an increased incidence of AAA in the white male compared with
      the white female, black male, and black female in North Carolina; (2) there is no
      difference in the incidence of AAA in the white female, black male, and black
      female; (3) race alone may not influence the incidence of AAA as there was no
      difference between white and black females.

PMID- 4038056
TI  - Pentoxifylline in the treatment of experimental peritonitis in rats.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pentoxifylline on the
      clinical and pathologic course of experimentally induced peritonitis in rats.
      This drug is a methyxanthine derivative that has vasodilating properties and may
      decrease platelet aggregation. Peritonitis was induced in 40 Wistar rats by
      creating a closed ileal loop 4 cm long 5 cm from the ileocecal valve. The animals
      were divided into two groups of 20 animals each. The first group served as
      controls, while each animal of the second group received 17 mg/kg/day of
      pentoxifylline intramuscularly from the day of operation until 30 days
      postoperatively. The survival rate was significantly increased in the group
      receiving pentoxifylline and adhesion or abscess formation was considerably
      reduced. We concluded that the administration of pentoxifylline prolongs
      significantly the survival of animals with experimental peritonitis and reduces
      the development of adhesions and abscesses in the peritoneal cavity. This
      beneficial effect may be attributed to decreased fibrinogen deposits and
      increased fibrinolytic activity within the peritoneal cavity, thus rendering the
      bacteria more susceptible to cellular and noncellular clearing mechanisms.

PMID- 4038057
TI  - Early local complications from intestinal stomas.
AB  - A retrospective review of 610 consecutive patients with intestinal stomas
      constructed at Cook County Hospital, Chicago, was carried out to analyze early
      local complications with respect to stoma type and to compare complication rates
      by surgical specialty. A total of 197 complications were recognized in 158
      patients for a corrected complication rate of 25.9%. Peristomal skin irritation
      (42.1%) was the most frequently recognized early complication in this study.
      Ileostomy was associated with the highest morbidity (40%) of any type of stoma.
      Emergency stoma formation seems to be associated with the highest complication
      rates, probably because of suboptimal stoma placement. The morbidity of stoma
      formation seems to be related to the amount of formal training in
      gastrointestinal tract surgery. Technical guidelines for stoma construction are
      presented to help minimize these complications.

PMID- 4038058
TI  - Late relapse from cutaneous stage I malignant melanoma.
AB  - In 1,283 patients with cutaneous stage I malignant melanoma who had ten or more
      years of follow-up, the incidence of late recurrence (first evidence of
      metastases occurring ten or more years after melanoma diagnosis) was 2.7%. None
      of the factors of prognostic importance (anatomic site, tumor thickness,
      ulcerative state of primary lesion, or initial surgical treatment) proved useful
      in predicting those patients with late recurrence. There was no sex or age
      difference in either incidence of late recurrence or prognosis subsequent to
      recurrence. Prognosis subsequent to late recurrence depended on the site of the
      recurrence. Survival after distant metastases became evident was extremely short.
      However, in the majority (53%) of patients, late recurrence was local and
      survival subsequent to treatment of these metastases was often protracted,
      emphasizing the importance of long-term follow-up in all patients with cutaneous
      melanoma.

PMID- 4038059
TI  - Can general surgery improve the outcome of the head-injury victim in rural
      America? A review of the experience in American Samoa.
AB  - We analyzed the records of 50 head-injury patients managed by general surgeons
      from 1974 to 1981 in American Samoa. Patients were divided into three groups.
      Group 1 was awake and alert (n = 24). Group 2 was obtunded by talking (n = 7).
      Group 3 was comatose (n = 20). All patients were managed with diagnostic burr
      hole procedures. Eighteen of the 20 unconscious patients had an intracranial
      hematoma. Five of the seven obtunded patients had an intracranial hematoma. Three
      of the nine deaths were directly attributable to a delay in diagnosis of an
      intracranial hematoma. We conclude that a burr-hole procedure in unconscious head
      injury patients in rural hospitals is a safe and effective method of diagnosing
      and treating extradural and subdural hematomas. General surgery residents should
      receive training in operative head-injury management, to improve the care of the
      head-injury victim in rural America.

PMID- 4038060
TI  - Epiploic disorders. Conditions of the epiploic appendages.
AB  - Disorders of the epiploic appendages are rarely diagnosed preoperatively and
      usually result from torsion with subsequent infarction. No diagnostic test or
      clinical symptoms are pathognomonic of this process, which is a disease of middle
      age and rarely life-threatening, and the most common preoperative diagnosis is
      acute appendicitis. An analysis of case information reported in the surgical
      literature has been combined with our recent experience involving ten cases.
      Fifty-eight percent of the patients in this collected series were male, and the
      average age in both sexes was 42 years. The sigmoid colon was the most frequent
      site of these disorders (41.5%), and acute appendicitis was the most common
      preoperative diagnosis (37.7%). The treatment is ligation, excision, and
      occasionally seromuscular inversion. When encountered at exploration, this entity
      may represent the sole etiology of the abdominal pain if exploration is otherwise
      negative.

PMID- 4038061
TI  - Popliteal vein aneurysm causing pulmonary embolus.
AB  - A case of pulmonary embolus arising from a popliteal vein aneurysm is reviewed.
      These aneurysms are believed to be developmental in origin; with the exception of
      embolic phenomenon, these venous anomalies are generally asymptomatic. To our
      knowledge, only six cases have been previously reported. Physical examination was
      not helpful, and noninvasive studies were of no value in detecting the aneurysm.
      Venography was the only reliable diagnostic test. Because popliteal vein
      aneurysms are a potential source of emboli, surgical intervention is recommended.
      Venous aneurysmorrhaphy or excision of the aneurysm with a venous bypass are the
      surgical procedures most often carried out. Aneurysmorrhaphy appears to be
      associated with an unacceptably high rate of thrombosis; excision with placement
      of a vein graft may be a more satisfactory alternative.

PMID- 4038062
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the cecum.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the cecum above the peritoneal reflection has rarely
      been reported. The pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the cecum is
      speculative. A report of two cases and a review of the literature were undertaken
      to study the significant pathologic causative mechanism of this disease. A
      significant causative factor is trauma to the cecal wall followed by chronic
      irritation. The clinician should be alerted to the fact that operative trauma to
      the colon followed by chronic irritation or prolonged chronic infection may be
      one causative factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the colon.

PMID- 4038063
TI  - Three synchronous multiorgan primary cancers. All stage I.
AB  - A patient who has three separate, synchronous, early (stage I) primary cancers of
      the right lung, right breast, and stomach and whose disease is simultaneously
      diagnosed and successfully treated sequentially within a single hospital
      admission is unique. While multiple primary malignant neoplasms are not uncommon,
      to our knowledge, there has been no report of triple stage I synchronous
      carcinomas in separate major organ systems. Age, immunodeficiency, somatotype,
      hereditary tendencies, hormonal and environmental factors, and previous therapy
      have been incriminated as etiologic factors. Accurate tissue diagnosis and tumor
      staging are mandatory. In patients with diagnosed cancer, pulmonary lesions
      should never be presumed metastatic. Individual tumors should be treated
      independently of other concomitant lesions, and each treatment approach should be
      curative in nature. Patients with proven multiple malignant neoplasms carry a
      higher risk of developing other primary neoplasms.

PMID- 4038064
TI  - Brachial plexus injuries with causalgia resulting from transaxillary rib
      resection.
AB  - In each of four patients with suspected thoracic outlet syndromes, the
      transaxillary approach to resection of the first thoracic and cervical ribs
      resulted in severe and permanent damage to the brachial plexus. The most severe
      sequela was causalgia. Weakness of the hand muscles, sensory deficits, and
      autonomic dysfunction also occurred. Abuse of narcotic analgesics was common. Two
      patients suffered severe psychological depressions, with one committing suicide.
      Current enthusiasm with transaxillary rib resections in cases of thoracic outlet
      syndrome should be tempered by the possibility of severe and permanent injury to
      the brachial plexus and intractable causalgia.

PMID- 4038065
TI  - Bile duct varices.
AB  - The diagnosis of biliary duct varices and portal vein occlusion should be
      considered when nodular or notched defects in the wall of the biliary duct system
      are shown by cholangiography or when pedunculated vascular structures in the bile
      ducts are seen at surgery. We present two cases of common hepatic and common bile
      duct varices due to portal vein occlusion.

PMID- 4038066
TI  - Ultrasonic fragmentation. A new technique for mucosal proctectomy.
AB  - We report a new technique for mucosal proctectomy that does not require manual
      separation of the mucosa and submucosa from the underlying muscularis. Mucosal
      proctectomy using ultrasonic fragmentation of the rectal mucosa was performed in
      four patients. Three had severe ulcerative colitis, and one patient had radiation
      proctitis with a rectal stricture. In all cases an endorectal pullthrough with
      anastomosis to the area of the dentate line was performed. Healing after
      ultrasonic mucosal proctectomy occurred without infection or retraction.
      Ultrasonic fragmentation offers an alternative to the standard technique of
      mucosal proctectomy. This new method is useful in those patients in whom
      separation of the rectal mucosal layer is difficult to perform.

PMID- 4038067
TI  - The effect of the amount of urea in the diet on the contents of amino acids and
      other components of duodenal digesta in young bulls.
AB  - Young bulls of average live weight 130 kg, with rumen cannulae and re-entrant
      cannulae of the proximal duodenum, were fed on a diet of maize meal from whole
      plants, potato starch and a mineral mixture, containing 7.6% crude protein in DM
      (group IV). For three groups the diet was supplemented to contain about 17.5%
      crude protein with groundnut oilmeal (group I), grundnut oilmeal and urea, 27 and
      31.2% of dietary N (group II) or urea alone (group III). The content of gross
      energy was similar in all diets. The amount of total N entering the duodenum in
      groups I to IV was 61.6, 59.2, 49.9 and 38.0 g/day and apparent digestibility of
      N in the stomachs was -0.4, 5.8, 21.6 and -44.4%. Total amount of amino acids in
      the duodenal digesta was, in the same order, 257, 261, 215 and 170 g/day,
      equivalent to 80, 116, 165 and 127% of intake. The ratio of the amounts of
      essential to nonessential amino acids was in feed 0.84 and in duodenal digesta in
      all groups 0.98. The amount of lysine in duodenal digesta was 1.5, 2.0, 3.5 and
      2.5 times its intake in the same order of the groups.

PMID- 4038068
TI  - Oligonucleotide fingerprints of antigenically related bovine coronavirus and
      human coronavirus OC43.
AB  - Virion RNAs from the bovine enteric coronavirus and the human respiratory
      coronavirus OC43 were compared by one dimensional gel electrophoresis and by
      oligonucleotide fingerprinting. For each virus, approximately 55 per cent of the
      RNA migrated as a 6.8 Md species, 10 per cent as a 0.68 Md species, and 15 per
      cent as heterogeneous small molecular weight RNA. A sequence homology of greater
      than 96 per cent was observed between the 6.8 Md species from the two viruses.
      The 0.68 Md RNA is apparently an intravirion, subgenomic, polyadenylated molecule
      based on RNAse studies, oligo (dT)-cellulose chromatography, and hybridization to
      a cDNA clone of the 3' terminal 1.19 Kb region of the bovine coronavirus genome.

PMID- 4038069
TI  - Rapid focus reduction neutralization test of Japanese encephalitis virus in
      microtiter system. Brief report.
AB  - An improved rapid focus reduction neutralization test for Japanese encephalitis
      (JE) virus in microtiter system was developed. 96-well tissue culture plates were
      used for preparation of cell monolayers and PAP (peroxidase-antiperoxidase)
      staining technique was used for visualization of foci of infected cells. As the
      test has many advantages over other methods, it might be applied widely for rapid
      diagnosis and seroepidemiological studies.

PMID- 4038070
TI  - Ultrastructural changes of motoneurons in monkeys infected with enterovirus 71.
      Brief report.
AB  - Tissues of the central nervous system (CNS) of cynomolgus monkeys were examined
      by electron microscopy after intraspinal inoculation of enterovirus 71 (E71). A
      characteristic finding was the appearance of numerous membrane-bound vesicles
      (Mbvs) in affected motoneurons. Similar Mbvs were also present in E71-infected
      cynomolgus monkey kidney (CMK) cells in culture. Virus-like particles were found
      within or around Mbvs in motoneurons as well as in infected CMK cells in culture.
      Neither Mbvs nor E71 antigens as detected by immunofluorescence were found in
      supporting tissues, vascular endothelium, or inflammatory cells. Quite similar
      findings had been seen in poliovirus infections. It was suggested that the
      appearance of Mbvs in the cytoplasm of motoneuron is the direct results of virus
      multiplication in E71 infection as in poliovirus infection.

PMID- 4038071
TI  - Rubella virus RNA: effect of high multiplicity passage.
AB  - Evidence for the amplification of defective interfering particles of rubella
      virus after passage at high multiplicity has been obtained. The process is
      associated with the production of subgenomic rubella RNA species.

PMID- 4038072
TI  - The major internal protein, p27, of a retrovirus-like particle participates in
      immune complex formation in psoriasis.
AB  - The major internal protein, p27, of a retrovirus-like particle isolated from the
      urine of a patient with psoriasis has been purified and used in an indirect ELISA
      to detect human antibodies against the virus antigen. Rabbit anti-p27 antiserum
      has been applied to detect p27 antigen present in clinical specimens. p27 and
      anti-p27 antibodies have been demonstrated in extracts from psoriatic scales.
      Insignificant amounts of free anti-p27 antibodies are present in serum, but both
      p27 and anti-p27 antibodies have been detected in circulating immune complexes
      obtained from serum or synovial fluid from patients with psoriatic arthritis.

PMID- 4038073
TI  - [Significance of lymphocyte blastogenesis in the identification of the specific
      antigen and the diagnosis of budgerigar fancier's lung].

PMID- 4038074
TI  - [The increase in serum IgE and anti-Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (anti-DP)
      specific IgE levels during stay at home in institutionalized asthmatic children.
      The role of house dust mite in the dwelling as a trigger of asthma attack in mite
      sensitive patients].

PMID- 4038075
TI  - [A case of intolerance to aspirin in childhood].

PMID- 4038076
TI  - [Relationship between airway hyperreactivity and various atopic factors in
      bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4038077
TI  - [Secretory IgA in saliva of asthmatic children].

PMID- 4038078
TI  - [A case of cat-induced asthma].

PMID- 4038079
TI  - [Survey of the association of dermatomyositis and pulmonary fibrosis].

PMID- 4038080
TI  - [Partial characterization of a human lymphokine that stimulates collagen
      production by fibroblasts].

PMID- 4038081
TI  - [The influence of road dust on asthmatic children].

PMID- 4038082
TI  - [Studies of the pollen grains causing pollinosis (10). Correlation between sugi
      pollinosis and mean ten day temperature in July].

PMID- 4038083
TI  - [Administration of E-0686 granule, sustained-release theophylline, for asthmatic
      infants].

PMID- 4038084
TI  - [Changes in nasal resistance induced by nasal provocation in nasal allergy].

PMID- 4038085
TI  - [Occupational apple and pear pollinosis among apple- and pear-growing farmers and
      cross-allergenicity between Japanese apple pollen and Japanese pear pollen].

PMID- 4038086
TI  - [Peach (Prunus persica) pollinosis in people who have not been engaged in growing
      peaches].

PMID- 4038087
TI  - [Simple and rapid estimation of serum theophylline concentrations using the
      apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay system].

PMID- 4038088
TI  - [The role of normal flora in bronchial asthma--significance of alpha
      Streptococcus as an allergen].

PMID- 4038090
TI  - Clinical dermatology: an exercise in gross dermatopathology.

PMID- 4038089
TI  - Property of immunoglobulin binding substance from the granary weevil.

PMID- 4038091
TI  - Primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune disorders: a review.

PMID- 4038093
TI  - Medicine: the death of a profession.

PMID- 4038094
TI  - Hypertension in acute ischemic strokes. Treat.

PMID- 4038092
TI  - Intramuscular myxoma: report of two cases and review of the literature.

PMID- 4038095
TI  - Hypertension in acute ischemic strokes.

PMID- 4038096
TI  - Prolonged confusion due to absence status following metrizamide myelography.
AB  - A case of absence status epilepticus resulted from metrizamide myelography. The
      acute confusional state following metrizamide myelography is briefly reviewed and
      compared with the confusional state resulting from adult-onset absence status.
      The similarities suggest that absence status may in fact be a relatively common
      cause of prolonged confusion following the use of metrizamide. Given the
      difficulty in clinical diagnosis and the excellent response to anticonvulsants,
      the possibility of absence status should be specifically excluded by EEG in any
      person suffering prolonged confusion following metrizamide myelography.

PMID- 4038097
TI  - Seizures in an atelencephalic infant. Is the cortex essential for neonatal
      seizures?
AB  - Clinical and electrographic seizures were recorded in an infant with
      atelencephaly. Because the infant had no cerebral hemispheres, the ictal
      discharges were presumed to arise from the disorganized diencephalic derivatives
      that occupied the entire supratentorial space. The case provided strong support
      for the concept that, unlike epileptic seizures in older patients, some types of
      neonatal seizures may originate and propagate exclusively in subcortical
      structures. This may explain the striking dissociation between the electrographic
      and behavioral aspects of seizures occasionally observed in newborns, as well as
      the frequent intractability of such seizures to standard anticonvulsants.

PMID- 4038098
TI  - Extramedullary hematopoiesis presenting as transient ischemic attack.

PMID- 4038099
TI  - Movement disorders and objective measurements.

PMID- 4038100
TI  - Accuracy of medical terminology.

PMID- 4038101
TI  - Various consequences of subcortical stroke. Prospective study of 16 consecutive
      cases.
AB  - Sixteen consecutive cases of subcortical stroke were studied prospectively and
      systematically. Behavioral and neurological manifestations of different sides,
      sites, and causes of lesion were evaluated by means of daily, standard
      observations during the patient's hospitalization and formal testing at monthly
      intervals thereafter. Language and cognitive impairments were observed following
      hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic strokes to both the left and right thalami and
      basal ganglia. The patterns were unlike those characteristic of traditional
      aphasia syndromes. One patient was asymptomatic; four demonstrated only
      dysarthria or dysarthria with abnormal affect; and 11 displayed a combination of
      speech, language, and cognitive deficits. Language skills recovered more rapidly
      and completely than did cognitive skills. Recovery was most dramatic within the
      first six to eight weeks after onset.

PMID- 4038102
TI  - Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease). Computed
      tomographic, nuclear magnetic resonance, and clinical correlations.
AB  - Twenty-three elderly patients were found to have a consistent pattern of
      leukoencephalopathy by computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance
      imaging. Eight patients presented with vague, nonspecific symptoms and had no
      neurologic deficits. The other 15 patients had neurologic deficits that presented
      in one of three ways: stroke, seven patients; slowly progressive dementia and
      gait disturbance, five patients; or slowly progressive dementia alone, three
      patients. Risk factors for arteriosclerosis (hypertension, diabetes) were present
      in 18 patients (78%). The necropsy of one patient revealed arteriosclerotic
      vasculopathy characteristic of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE)
      or Binswanger's disease. Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy may be a
      relatively common affliction of elderly patients, most of whom have risk factors
      for arteriosclerosis. The modes of presentation and associated clinical signs are
      variable, and more than one third may have no neurologic deficit. In some cases
      SAE overlaps with normal pressure hydrocephalus by clinical and neuroimaging
      criteria. Some patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus who do not respond to
      ventricular shunting may actually have SAE.

PMID- 4038103
TI  - Usefulness of heparin in initial management of patients with recent transient
      ischemic attacks.
AB  - We evaluated the efficacy of short-term intravenous heparin therapy in 74
      patients with recent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). The patients were treated
      after hospitalization until operation or long-term medical treatment was
      instituted. Heparin was given in a continuous infusion to maintain an activated
      partial thromboplastin time of 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 times control values. During the
      treatment period, 12 patients (16.2%) had recurrent TIAs and five (6.8%) had
      cerebral infarction. Bleeding complications occurred in nine patients (12.2%). In
      this limited series, heparin did not prevent recurrent TIAs or cerebral
      infarction among high-risk patients with recent TIAs.

PMID- 4038104
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging after 'diffuse' nonmissile head injury. A
      neurobehavioral study.
AB  - The diagnosis of diffuse brain injury is considered when computed tomography
      provides no evidence of an intracranial mass lesion in acute nonmissile head
      injury. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a young woman who had sustained
      severe diffuse brain injury five years earlier disclosed multifocal lesions
      involving the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. We report the
      results of serial neurobehavioral assessment for clinical correlation with the
      brain lesions visualized by MRI. Pending confirmation of our findings in a series
      of patients studied by MRI during the acute and chronic stages of recovery from
      head injury, we postulate that the presence and type of neurobehavioral sequelae
      of diffuse brain injury are related to the intrahemispheric loci of predominantly
      white matter lesions and degeneration.

PMID- 4038105
TI  - Tubular aggregates. Their association with neuromuscular diseases, including the
      syndrome of myalgias/cramps.
AB  - Tubular aggregates of muscle are distinctive structures seen in a wide variety of
      disorders. We reviewed 1,500 consecutive muscle biopsy specimens for the presence
      of tubular aggregates. Fifteen biopsy specimens (1.0%) were found with this
      abnormality. All patients were male, and seven had specific diagnoses based on
      clinical, biochemical, morphologic, and electrophysiologic criteria: hypokalemic
      periodic paralysis (two patients); hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (one patient);
      myotonia congenita (one patient); inflammatory myopathies (three patients). The
      remaining eight patients had a syndrome characterized predominantly by muscle
      pain and/or cramps, not necessarily precipitated by exercise. Although tubular
      aggregates constituted the predominant abnormality on muscle biopsy specimens in
      these cases, other mild, nonspecific changes were noted.

PMID- 4038106
TI  - Psychomotor status.
AB  - Four case histories are reported, including a review of the available literature
      since 1956 (35 cases). Contrary to what might be inferred from the limited number
      of published cases, the actual prevalence of psychomotor status must be much
      higher, as probably many patients' conditions are mistakingly diagnosed as
      psychiatric. Neurologic and electroencephalographic examinations are indicated in
      all patients with an apparently acute psychotic behavior combined with an altered
      state of consciousness.

PMID- 4038107
TI  - Hypertension in acute ischemic strokes. Not to treat.

PMID- 4038108
TI  - Identification of proteins in contact lens surface deposits by immunofluorescence
      microscopy.

PMID- 4038109
TI  - Removal of subcutaneous dermoids with the assistance of a cryoprobe.

PMID- 4038110
TI  - Effect of nitrous oxide on gas bubble volume.

PMID- 4038111
TI  - Instilling ocular ointments without blurred vision.

PMID- 4038112
TI  - Simultaneous visualization of fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms.

PMID- 4038113
TI  - Essential blepharospasm.

PMID- 4038114
TI  - Posterior collagenous layer.

PMID- 4038115
TI  - Brain-stem anesthesia after retrobulbar block.

PMID- 4038116
TI  - Measuring visual acuity.

PMID- 4038117
TI  - Apologia pro Sancta Lucia.

PMID- 4038118
TI  - Drusen.

PMID- 4038119
TI  - Vibrio alginolyticus conjunctivitis.

PMID- 4038120
TI  - Ocular melanoma.

PMID- 4038121
TI  - The mechanism of blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetes.

PMID- 4038122
TI  - Hemifacial spasm treated with botulinum A toxin injection.
AB  - Fifteen patients with hemifacial spasm were treated with botulinum A toxin
      injections. All patients experienced relief from spasm, with the effect lasting
      an average of 12.2 weeks. Complications were tearing in four patients, inability
      to close the involved eye in three patients, corneal exposure in one patient, and
      ectropion in one patient. All complications were transient and deemed minor by
      the patients.

PMID- 4038123
TI  - Association of hue discrimination loss and diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - The results of Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue, visual acuity, and visual field
      testing were compared with the severity of retinopathy in a group of 90 diabetic
      patients. The patients showed significantly higher than expected Farnsworth
      Munsell 100-hue scores, with a tritanlike axis, compared with published age norms
      for nondiabetic individuals. The magnitude of the acquired blue-yellow hue
      discrimination defect correlated significantly and to a similar extent with both
      the severity of overall diabetic retinopathy and the severity of macular edema
      and hard exudate formation. Visual acuity loss correlated somewhat more
      significantly with macular edema than with overall retinopathy, whereas the
      converse was true for visual fields. For all visual function tests, the
      correlations were more significant for fluorescein leakage in the macula than for
      capillary nonperfusion in the macula. Abnormal hue discrimination was found in
      65% (32/49) of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, suggesting a
      potential role for this test in screening for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
      in primary care facilities. Also, because the ability of diabetic patients with
      color vision deficiency to perform color-dependent tests for urinary and blood
      glucose may be impaired, such patients should be made aware of this potential
      problem.

PMID- 4038124
TI  - Treatment of low vision in fundus flavimaculatus.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with fundus flavimaculatus were evaluated retrospectively
      after they had undergone examination for and treatment of low vision. Despite
      poor distance acuity, 27 (96%) of the patients could read 1M (20/50 reduced
      Snellen) or smaller print with a spectacle lens, and all patients could read
      standard-sized print (1M text) with some optical aid. Because such uniform
      improvement is uncommon among patients with low vision, we recommend examination
      for and trial of low-vision aids for those patients with this disorder who are
      having visual difficulties.

PMID- 4038125
TI  - Punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis.
AB  - Classic ocular toxoplasmosis initially involves inner retinal layers and is
      associated with marked vitreous reaction. We encountered three cases of punctate
      outer retinal toxoplasmosis, a subset of ocular toxoplasmosis that is
      characterized by multifocal gray-white lesions at the level of deep retina and
      retinal pigment epithelium and that is associated with little or no overlying
      vitreous reaction. Acute lesions may resolve to form fine granular white dots.
      Recognition of this uncommon presentation of toxoplasmosis is important, since
      there is some evidence that treatment of toxoplasmosis may be effective.

PMID- 4038126
TI  - Postoperative diplopia and ptosis. A clinical hypothesis based on the myotoxicity
      of local anesthetics.
AB  - Postoperative diplopia and ptosis can be temporary or permanent complications in
      patients who have undergone ophthalmic surgery while under local anesthesia. We
      encountered six patients with such complications and hypothesize that some cases
      of postoperative diplopia and ptosis could be attributed to myotoxic effects of
      local anesthetics. These effects may cause the degeneration and subsequent
      regeneration of muscle fibers of the levator or extraocular muscles and result in
      temporary or permanent muscle weakness.

PMID- 4038127
TI  - Corneal endothelial morphology after anterior chamber lens implantation.
AB  - The morphologic features of the corneal endothelium were investigated by means of
      regional wide-field specular microscopy and computer-assisted morphometry in 13
      eyes of nine patients who had undergone intracapsular cataract extraction with
      anterior chamber lens implantation more than one year previously. The endothelial
      cells in these patients demonstrated a significant increase in cellular
      elongation and the coefficient of variation in mean cell area and a significant
      decrease in the percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells when compared with age
      matched controls (ten eyes of ten patients). The clinical implications of these
      long-term morphologic changes are unknown, but the changes may be indicative of
      an unstable endothelium or may be an early sign of continuing cell loss.

PMID- 4038128
TI  - Laser iridotomy vs surgical iridectomy. Have the indications changed?
AB  - The number of laser iridotomies in 1982 was more than four times the annual rate
      of surgical iridectomies performed before the laser was in common use at the
      Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami. No single reason accounts for the increase.
      Only a minority of the increase is due to a 32% increase in our outpatient
      volume, a backlog of individuals with borderline indications who had not
      undergone surgery, or the number of iridotomies performed prophylactically for
      asymptomatic narrow angles. The proportion of eyes treated for each of several
      classic indications (acute attacks, chronic angle closure with pressure elevation
      or synechiae, aphakic pupillary block, etc) remained the same. However, eyes with
      acute attacks and their fellow eyes had iridotomy more promptly and more often
      with the availability of laser. In addition, the laser was applied earlier in the
      course of chronic angle closure. We believe that the increased use of an easy,
      low-risk procedure represents an improvement in the quality of care.

PMID- 4038129
TI  - Intravenous pyogenic granuloma of the ocular adnexa. Report of two cases and
      review of the literature.
AB  - Intravenous pyogenic granuloma is a recently described form of pyogenic granuloma
      (PG) in which the angiomatous proliferation is confined entirely within the lumen
      of a vein. To our knowledge, only four cases involving the ocular adnexa,
      including two that we encountered, have been described. Histologically, this
      benign lesion is similar to PG of other locations and is characterized by lobular
      congeries of capillaries embedded in a fibromyxoid matrix containing scattered
      chronic inflammatory cells. The whole lesion appears as a single polypoid mass
      projecting into the lumen of a dilated vein. The histogenesis of this lesion
      remains obscure. Complete local excision is the treatment of choice. Intravenous
      PG can be differentiated from other intravascular fibroangiomatous
      proliferations, including intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia,
      intravenous atypical vascular proliferation, intravascular fasciitis, and
      organized thrombus.

PMID- 4038130
TI  - Rat extraocular muscle regeneration. Repair of local anesthetic-induced damage.
AB  - Local anesthetics that are commonly used in ophthalmic surgery (0.75% bupivacaine
      hydrochloride, 2.0% mepivacaine hydrochloride, and 2.0% lidocaine hydrochloride
      plus 1:100,000 epinephrine) were injected into the retrobulbar area of rat eyes.
      Controls were injected with physiological saline. All three anesthetics produced
      massive degeneration of the extraocular muscles. Muscle degeneration is followed
      by regeneration of the damaged muscle fibers. In addition to muscle damage,
      severe damage was also seen in harderian glands, especially after exposure to
      mepivacaine and lidocaine plus epinephrine. With these findings in rats, it is
      hypothesized that the temporary diplopia sometimes seen in patients after
      ophthalmic surgery might be due to anesthetic-induced damage to the extraocular
      muscles.

PMID- 4038131
TI  - Posterior capsule opacification. An in vitro model.
AB  - Posterior capsule opacification results from migration of lens epithelial cells
      onto the posterior capsule, where they produce collagen and contract to cause
      wrinkling of the capsule. We have designed an in vitro model that reproduces the
      process of opacification. Lens capsules removed from enucleated bovine eyes are
      placed within specially designed holders, creating a culture dish with the
      capsule as its bottom surface. Albino rabbit lens epithelial cells are then
      plated on the capsule. These capsules develop clinical and ultrastructural
      features of opacification very similar to those observed in humans. Membranes
      composed of confluent epithelial cells closely resemble the cellular membranes
      observed with specular microscopy in human patients. Transmission electron
      microscopy demonstrates that a membrane several cells thick forms on the
      capsules. This model allows careful morphologic, metabolic, and biochemical
      studies of the process of opacification and the investigation of therapies
      designed to prevent opacification of the posterior capsule.

PMID- 4038132
TI  - Experimental vitrectomy. A lens-sparing technique in the rabbit eye.
AB  - We describe a technique for experimental vitrectomy in the rabbit eye, in which
      the lens remains intact and the postoperative intraocular inflammatory response
      is minimized. In comparison with combined vitrectomy and lensectomy, our
      technique allows the fundus to remain visible for follow-up from the very first
      postoperative day; traction retinal detachment does not develop as a late
      complication. We also describe a simple method for gross identification and
      estimation of the amount of residual vitreous gel on the retinal surface.

PMID- 4038133
TI  - Evaluation of bromovinyldeoxyuridine-related compounds in the treatment of
      experimental herpes simplex keratitis.
AB  - Several newly synthesized compounds, all structurally related to the highly
      potent and selective antiherpes agent bromovinyldeoxyuridine ( [E]-5-[2
      bromovinyl]-2'-deoxyuridine), have been evaluated for their healing effect on
      herpes simplex virus type 1 keratitis in rabbits. These novel compounds included
      chloroethyldeoxyuridine (5-[2-chloroethyl]-2'-deoxyuridine),
      trifluoropropenyldeoxyuridine ( [E]-5-[3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl]-2'
      deoxyuridine), bromovinylaminodideoxyuridine ( [E]-5-[2-bromovinyl]-3'-amino
      2',3'-dideoxyuridine), bromovinylarabinofuranosyluracil ( [E]-5-[2-bromovinyl]-1
      beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil), and glycylbromovinyldeoxyuridine (5'-O
      aminoacetyl-[E]-5-[2-bromovinyl]-2'-deoxyuridine). Bromovinylaminodideoxyuridine
      and trifluoropropenyldeoxyuridine did not promote a significant healing of herpes
      simplex keratitis. Bromovinylarabinofuranosyluracil markedly reduced the severity
      of keratitis, but to a significantly lesser extent than bromovinyldeoxyuridine.
      Finally, chloroethyldeoxyuridine and glycylbromovinyldeoxyuridine caused a
      pronounced healing effect on herpes simplex keratitis, comparable to that
      obtained with bromovinyldeoxyuridine. Chloroethyldeoxyuridine was even slightly
      better than bromovinyldeoxyuridine, but the difference in their healing effect
      was not statistically significant.

PMID- 4038134
TI  - Fluorouracil (5-FU) and cytarabine (ara-C) inhibition of corneal epithelial cell
      and conjunctival fibroblast proliferation.
AB  - We evaluated the antiproliferative properties of fluorouracil (5-FU) and
      cytarabine (ara-C) in a tissue culture model of rabbit corneal epithelial cells
      and conjunctival fibroblasts. Cells were treated with fluorouracil or cytarabine
      for five days. Corneal epithelial cell proliferation was inhibited to 50% of
      control proliferation by 0.6 mg/L of fluorouracil or 30 micrograms/L of
      cytarabine. Proliferation of conjunctival fibroblasts was inhibited to 50% of
      control by 0.5 mg/L of fluorouracil or 50 micrograms/L of cytarabine. The
      antiproliferative effect of 10 mg/L of fluorouracil was not blocked by thymidine.
      The inhibition of proliferation produced by 100 or 1,000 micrograms/L of
      cytarabine was blocked by 2'-deoxycytidine at concentrations of 10(-5) M and 10(
      4) M, respectively. The antiproliferative effects of fluorouracil and cytarabine
      appear similar for both cell types. Blockage of cytarabine-related ocular toxic
      effects may be possible with 2'-deoxycytidine.

PMID- 4038135
TI  - Vitreous aspirates from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy stimulate
      retinal pigment epithelial cell migration.
AB  - Several studies have focused on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell
      proliferation as an important event in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).
      Little attention has been given to the question of how RPE cells gain access to
      the vitreous cavity where proliferation occurs. We have recently demonstrated
      that the serum components fibronectin and platelet-derived growth factor
      stimulate and direct RPE migration in vitro. In this study, we used this same in
      vitro technique to examine vitreous aspirates from 13 eyes with PVR, five eyes
      with macular puckers, and three eyes with uncomplicated retinal detachments for
      their ability to stimulate RPE migration. We found that aspirates from eyes with
      PVR stimulated RPE migration to a much greater extent than aspirates from eyes
      with macular pucker and uncomplicated retinal detachments. The ability to
      stimulate RPE cell migration correlated with high levels (mean +/- SEM, 178 +/-
      67 mg/L) of immunoreactive fibronectin.

PMID- 4038136
TI  - Functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Technique.
AB  - The purpose of functional endoscopic sinus surgery is to reestablish ventilation
      and mucociliary clearance of the sinuses. This goal is achieved primarily by the
      endoscopic removal of disease from key areas of the anterior ethmoid and middle
      meatus. In addition, the technique also offers the possibility of performing
      sphenoethmoidectomy with preservation of the middle turbinate. Localized
      irreversible disease in the maxillary sinus may be removed endoscopically with
      minimal trauma. The technique allows excellent visualization, and results in
      minimal morbidity and bleeding. Nasal packing is not required, and surgery can
      usually be performed on an outpatient basis using local anesthesia.

PMID- 4038137
TI  - Diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea. Part II.
AB  - Snoring has been shown to be the primary sign of a potentially serious medical
      condition, ie, obstructive sleep apnea. Traditionally, the otolaryngologist has
      been the primary resource for patients with snoring problems although, until
      recently, little was known about the now-acknowledged serious complications of
      this phenomenon. Among the primary treatments for this condition, the most
      commonly used to-date involve surgical procedures routinely performed by the
      otolaryngologist, ie, tracheostomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Thus, the
      practicing otolaryngologist has been thrust into the forefront of diagnosis and
      management of obstructive sleep apnea, and it behooves the modern practitioner to
      be cognizant of the multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of
      this problem. The utilization of information obtained during the sleep study
      determines the management of the sleep apneic patient.

PMID- 4038138
TI  - Indications for palatopharyngoplasty.
AB  - A retrospective study of 30 patients was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness
      of palatopharyngoplasty (PPP) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
      Results indicated that PPP is effective in the treatment of snoring but has a
      limited effect on the major indices of OSA syndrome. Thus, only 23% of the
      patients had a significant reduction in sleep-related apnea episodes and a
      reduction in the oxygen saturation deficit. An additional 23% showed some
      improvement in these indices. The procedure failed in the remaining 54% of the
      population studied. The greatest success with PPP was achieved in the patients
      with moderate OSA in whom fiberoptic and craniometric evaluation indicated that
      the obstruction was centered at the level of the velopharyngeal sphincter.

PMID- 4038139
TI  - Malignant salivary gland tumors of the base of the tongue.
AB  - Malignant salivary gland tumors of the base of the tongue are unusual lesions and
      optimal treatment has not been established. As a group, these tumors tend to be
      diagnosed at an advanced stage, and consequently carry a grave prognosis.
      Fourteen patients were treated at UCLA between 1954 and 1984. Twenty-three
      percent of the patients have survived longer than ten years, although only one
      patient is free of disease. Eight of 14 patients developed distant metastases.
      Salivary tumors in this location are difficult to completely excise and surgical
      margins are frequently positive. Treatment using a planned combined approach is
      advocated.

PMID- 4038140
TI  - Near-total pharyngeal reconstruction by 'rotary-door' sternohyoid myocutaneous
      flap in the dog. A preliminary report.
AB  - Closure of the pharyngoesophagus after total laryngectomy or partial
      pharyngectomy is not a difficult problem in most cases. Primary suture repair of
      the defect is usually adequate, providing sufficient healthy mucosa is available.
      When this is not feasible, it may be necessary to mobilize tissue from distant
      sites. The deltopectoral and various myocutaneous flaps are often chosen for this
      purpose because of their reliability and versatility. Unfortunately, they
      necessitate either two-stage surgery or involve excessive bulk, and both methods
      result in unsightly defects, especially in women. The "rotary-door" sternohyoid
      myocutaneous flap avoids these drawbacks, while utilizing tissues within the
      surgical field in a single-stage procedure. Seven mongrel dogs underwent total
      laryngectomy and partial pharyngectomy. The pharyngeal defect was closed with a
      rotary-door sternohyoid myocutaneous flap. Three dogs had an uneventful recovery
      and two developed fistulae that closed spontaneously within three weeks of
      surgery. The pharyngocutaneous repair was found to be intact on postmortem
      examination.

PMID- 4038141
TI  - Profile analysis in facial plastic surgery.
AB  - We devised a simple and reliable method of profile analysis for facial plastic
      surgery. Profile photographs are taken with the natural head position technique.
      Key cephalometric landmarks are then identified and digitalized from either
      photographs or slides, using a digitalizer with a resolution of 0.001 in. The
      digitalizing pad is connected to a microcomputer. The menu-driven software allows
      selection of multiple functions from different cephalometric systems. Data can be
      stored on disk for future analysis. The method is useful in preoperative planning
      and postoperative evaluation of facial plastic surgery procedures.

PMID- 4038142
TI  - Total ophthalmoplegia after internal maxillary artery ligation.
AB  - Total ophthalmoplegia is a serious complication of internal maxillary artery
      ligation. Although serious complications of transantral surgery of the
      pterygopalatine space are rare, they remain a very real possibility and should be
      considered before undertaking arterial ligation for treatment of posterior
      epistaxis.

PMID- 4038143
TI  - Intramuscular myxoma of the neck.
AB  - Intramuscular myxomas are extremely rare tumors in the neck. In reviewing the
      world literature, we found a total of five cases of intramuscular myxoma that
      occurred in the head and neck region. The purpose of this study is to report an
      unusual case of intramuscular myxomas that were found bilaterally in the
      digastric muscles of a girl who presented with a painless palpable mass in the
      neck.

PMID- 4038144
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2. Warthin's tumor arising in a lymph node containing
      heterotopic salivary gland.

PMID- 4038145
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 1. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel's cell
      tumor, trabecular carcinoma of the skin).

PMID- 4038146
TI  - Pharyngoesophageal reconstruction.

PMID- 4038147
TI  - Medial shifting of the canine vocal cord by injection of isolated chondrocytes.
AB  - In the search for new materials to fill the unilaterally paralysed vocal cord,
      auto- and allogeneic chondrocytes were isolated from costal cartilage, and were
      injected into the canine vocal cord. The produced cartilage caused a thickening
      and shift of the treated cord towards the median line of the glottis. Such
      changes occurred in all autogeneic transplants, and persisted for the period of
      observation (up to 6 weeks). In allogeneic transplants, the effect was present
      after 6 and 12 weeks, but disappeared after 18 weeks. Cartilage produced by the
      autogeneic chondrocytes persisted at the site of injection without any signs of
      resorption. In contrast, allogeneic cartilage became surrounded by infiltrating
      cells and was slowly resorbed to disappear completely between the 12th and 18th
      weeks of observation. Immunosuppressive treatment of some of the allogeneic
      chondrocyte recipients reduced the lymphocytic infiltrations occurring, and
      inhibited the resorption of the reconstructed cord cartilage. Discontinuation of
      the immunosuppression, however, resulted in subsequent graft loss.

PMID- 4038148
TI  - Failures in myringoplasty.
AB  - We analyzed those failures occurring in 417 myringoplasties. Forty-four drum re
      perforations were found (10.6%), half of which occurred immediately after
      operation. Causes of these early failures included necrosis in the middle of the
      graft without infection (10 ears) and blunting of the anterior margins of the
      graft (7 ears). Infection was the most common cause of re-perforations in the
      later failures. Re-perforations also occurred more frequently when larger
      perforations were closed in contrast to repair of small ones. We found that other
      pre-operative factors ("dry" or "wet" ear, site of the perforation) or grafting
      technique ("underlay" or "overlay") did not affect the graft take-rate. Adhesive
      eardrums were found in 23 ears (5.5%). These were more common when ears were
      infected pre-operatively, when middle ear mucosa was removed during the primary
      operation, or when squamous epithelium was present on the tympanic mucosa.
      Lateralization of the grafted eardrum was found in two cases (0.5%), both of
      which had been operated on using the sandwich technique.

PMID- 4038149
TI  - Frequency composition of spontaneous cochlear emissions.
AB  - Spontaneous cochlear emissions consist of one or more sinus tones. Oscillations
      and frequency shifts clearly widen averaged traces. Multiple peaks, if present,
      are spaced at intervals of 2-3% of the frequency, and increase with frequency. A
      frequency jump by the same amount was seen in one case. This appears to represent
      the distance between hair cells, and suggests that individual hair cells play a
      leading role in these oscillations.

PMID- 4038150
TI  - Temporary threshold shift frequency profiles after low-tone exposure.
AB  - Low-tone exposure elicits four distinct dips in hearing thresholds: one octave
      above the exposure frequency, in the permanent threshold shift (PTS) range, at
      about 10-11 kHz, and at 14-15 kHz. While dips 1, 2 and 3 decay as a function of
      the time log, dip 4 has a much longer decay time.

PMID- 4038151
TI  - Measurement of tonsillar blood flow in normal and pathological conditions by the
      use of the 133Xe clearance technique.
AB  - By using the 133Xe clearance technique, we measured the blood flow to the human
      palatine tonsil in 10 normal volunteers, 11 patients with chronic tonsillitis,
      and 11 with hypertrophic tonsils. We found that the mean blood flow was 30.08 +/-
      5.39 ml/ 100 g per min in normal tonsils, 17.06 +/- 3.72 in chronic tonsillitis
      and 49.50 +/- 9.30 in hypertrophic tonsils. Our results show a statistically
      significant decrease in blood flow in chronic tonsillitis (P less than 0.01) and
      a significant increase in hypertrophic tonsils (P less than 0.01) when compared
      to the normal controls. The difference between the blood flow in chronic
      tonsillitis and hypertrophic tonsils was also statistically significant (P less
      than 0.01). In all three groups studied, no statistically significant difference
      was observed in the blood flow to the right and left tonsils (P greater than
      0.05).

PMID- 4038152
TI  - The effect of flavone treatment on human otosclerotic ossicle organ cultures.
AB  - We studied the effect of 7-isopropoxy-isoflavone (Ipriflavone) on the collagen
      synthesizing activity in human otosclerotic auditory ossicle samples from whole
      organ cultures during incubation for 96 h, and compared this effect with that
      found in normal meatal cortical bone. Ipriflavone led to a dose-dependent
      increase in the collagen synthesizing activity in both the healthy and the
      otosclerotic bone samples. At the highest Ipriflavone concentration used (50
      microM), collagen synthesis increased 6-fold in the cortical bone and 9-fold in
      the otosclerotic bone, as compared with untreated controls. These findings
      indicate that the otosclerotic bone cavities are filled in vitro with organic
      matrix.

PMID- 4038154
TI  - The endolymphatic sac in the Mondini disorder.
AB  - The endolymphatic sacs are described in temporal bone specimens from a 31-year
      old man with bilateral Mondini disorder. The ducts and sacs are thin-walled, cyst
      like structures with complete absence of loose vascular perisac tissue, and are
      directly apposed to the bone of the vestibular aqueduct. Histological evidence of
      severe bone erosion is present in these specimens and is most marked in the
      intermediate and distal portions of the vestibular aqueduct. It is also present
      in the foveal region of the posterior temporal bone surface underlying the sac.
      Erosion of the bony wall of the paravestibular canaliculus (PVC) is demonstrable,
      with incorporation of the vein of the PVC inside the margin of the widened
      vestibular aqueduct. These findings suggest a causal relationship between
      pressure within the endolymphatic duct and sac and erosion of the surrounding
      bone. The absence of endolymphatic hydrops of the cochlea and vestibular organs
      in the Mondini disorder contrast significantly with the endolymphatic hydrops
      seen in Meniere's disease.

PMID- 4038153
TI  - A rarely observed case of primary multiple carcinomas of the head and neck.
AB  - We report a 71-year-old male patient with five separate primary metachronous
      squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (parotid, tongue, soft palate,
      larynx and hypopharynx) that occurred over a period of 8 years. The long survival
      of the patient after discovery of his first neoplasm (parotid) is the result of
      careful vigilance during the follow-up period and diligently planned therapies
      for each of his multiple primary tumors after radical surgery had been performed
      on his first neoplasm.

PMID- 4038155
TI  - The influence of masking on the ipsi- and contralateral brainstem evoked
      potential.
AB  - We have examined clinically and experimentally the masking effects of white noise
      in registering brainstem evoked potentials and determining the Jewett-wave V. We
      studied input-output functions as well as latency periods of evoked potentials
      with masking of non-stimulated contralateral ears in 18 children aged 5-14 years.
      When differences of 50 dB or more were found between stimulation and masking, the
      Jewett-wave V could be partially suppressed. Other changes observed included
      alterations in potential and phase, as well as shifts in the latency period of
      the potentials. The clinical importance of the measurements determined indicates
      that findings may be used in examining patients with unilateral sensory hearing
      impairments to formulate possible differential diagnoses.

PMID- 4038156
TI  - Serum lipids in the People's Republic of China. Comparison of Western and Eastern
      populations.
AB  - Serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels were measured in an urban and a
      rural population of the People's Republic of China and compared with cholesterol
      values obtained in Belgium and in the Republic of Korea, with use of the same
      methodology. Total cholesterol levels were markedly lower in the People's
      Republic of China than in Belgium and generally lower than in Korea, both in male
      and female subjects. However, the differences in HDL cholesterol levels among the
      three populations were small in males and only significantly higher in Belgium in
      the age classes below 34 years. In women of all age groups, HDL cholesterol
      values were significantly higher in Belgium than in China and Korea. Total
      cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dl were found in the People's Republic of China
      in about 2% of the participants. Apolipoprotein B was significantly lower, and
      the apolipoprotein A1/B ratio was significantly higher, in China and Korea
      compared to Belgium.

PMID- 4038157
TI  - Direct fetal blood examination for prenatal diagnosis of homozygous familial
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis of homozygous hypercholesterolemia was achieved at the 24th
      week of gestation by analysis of lipid values in a fetal blood sample obtained by
      a needle guided by ultrasound. These abnormal values were compared to values in
      blood obtained from normal fetuses at the same stage of gestation. After
      abortion, the diagnosis was confirmed by measuring LDL receptor activity on
      fibroblast cultures from a skin biopsy. The main advantages of this procedure
      over measuring LDL receptor activity on cultured amniotic cells are its
      simplicity and speed.

PMID- 4038158
TI  - Effect of plasma proteins on endothelial binding and vesicle loading of anionized
      ferritin in rabbit aorta.
AB  - Endothelial binding and vesicle loading of anionized ferritin (AF, isoelectric
      point, 3.8 to 4.2) in plasma and in Tyrode's solution were investigated in the
      rabbit aorta. After 2 minutes of in situ perfusion, binding to vesicle necks was
      significantly higher than elsewhere on the membrane and was independent of AF
      concentration in the range of 0.05 g/ml to 0.2 g/ml for both perfusates. After 30
      minutes, no particles were seen in abluminal vesicles and few had reached the
      basement membrane. Compared to AF in plasma, AF in Tyrode's solution showed lower
      endothelial binding and greater vesicle loading (p less than 0.005). The average
      number of particles per loaded vesicle was equal to the average particle density
      at vesicle necks in Tyrode's solution, but not in plasma, for 0.1 g/ml AF. Gel
      chromatography and electrophoresis demonstrated no detectable difference between
      AF particles incubated in plasma or Tyrode's solution. Our experiments indicate
      that adherence to, or entrapment in, the glycocalyx is an important step for
      molecules that are transported by vesicles. We hypothesize that plasma proteins
      adsorb to the endothelial surface and partially shield its net negative charge so
      that more AF may bind. Plasma proteins also inhibit vesicle loading either
      sterically or by modifying the electrical potential at the vesicle neck compared
      to that within the vesicle cavity.

PMID- 4038159
TI  - Triglyceride-lowering effect of marine polyunsaturates in patients with
      hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - Twenty male patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia were treated for 4 weeks
      with daily supplements (15 g) of oil, which provided approximately 6 g of
      polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) either of fish or of vegetable origin. Total
      plasma cholesterol concentrations were unaffected, but both types of supplement
      increased high density lipoprotein-3 (HDL3) cholesterol concentrations. The fish,
      but not the vegetable, oil supplement led to a decrease in plasma triglyceride
      concentrations. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), fatty acid composition, and
      VLDL triglyceride kinetics were subsequently studied in five patients (four male,
      one female) before and after 4 weeks of therapy with 15 g of the same fish oil.
      The fish oil led to increases in the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid in both
      the VLDL triglyceride and phospholipid fractions, but the increase was greater in
      the latter. In contrast, the proportion of docosahexanoic acid was increased only
      in the VLDL triglycerides. The decrease in plasma triglyceride concentrations
      that occurred with fish-oil therapy was accompanied by a reduction in the
      absolute catabolic rate of VLDL triglyceride, implying a concomitant change in
      synthetic rate; the fractional catabolic rate of VLDL triglyceride was unaltered.
      It is suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin may be
      therapeutically useful for hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 4038161
TI  - [Intercultural research of drinking between Japanese-American and mainland
      Japanese (1). Drinking pattern and problem drinking].

PMID- 4038160
TI  - Demographic, behavioral, biochemical, and dietary correlates of plasma
      triglycerides. Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.
AB  - Few studies have simultaneously examined the relationship of triglyceride levels
      with a wide variety of potential covariates. Thus, the present study was designed
      to assess in a large, free-living population the association of fasting plasma
      triglyceride values with selected demographic, behavioral, biochemical, and
      dietary measures. These analyses were done using data obtained from 5189 white
      men and women aged 20 to 69 years who participated in the Lipid Research Clinics
      Program Prevalence Study. Of the eight nondietary factors examined, age, Quetelet
      Index, fasting plasma glucose, and cigarette smoking were strongly, positively
      associated (p less than 0.0001) with triglycerides in men and in women not using
      gonadal hormones. Among women using oral contraceptives or estrogens, only
      Quetelet Index (p less than 0.01) and cigarette smoking (p = 0.01) were
      significantly related to triglyceride values. Physical activity was inversely
      associated (p less than 0.0001) and use of diuretic medications was positively
      related (p less than 0.01) to triglycerides only in men. Results of analyses of
      triglycerides and six selected dietary measures varied by age, sex, and hormone
      use subgroups. Although none of the dietary variables showed consistent
      associations with triglycerides across all of the subgroups, triglycerides tended
      to be inversely associated with total calories per kilogram of body weight and
      the percentage of calories as dietary fat.

PMID- 4038162
TI  - [Intercultural research of drinking between Japanese-American and mainland
      Japanese (2). Banshaku drinking and party (Enkai) drinking].

PMID- 4038163
TI  - [Determination of salsolinol by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and
      influence of foods on urinary salsolinol excretion].

PMID- 4038164
TI  - [Epidemiological study on alcohol drinking patterns in Tochigi Prefecture].

PMID- 4038165
TI  - [Central pontine myelinolysis on alcoholism: report of an autopsy case].

PMID- 4038166
TI  - [Pattern classification of problem drinking behaviors among female college
      student drinkers].

PMID- 4038167
TI  - [Studies on the individual differences of ethanol preference and ethanol
      metabolism in the rat].

PMID- 4038168
TI  - Acetaldehyde metabolism in liver injury.

PMID- 4038169
TI  - Mid-trimester therapeutic abortion by vaginal suppository of 16, 16-dimethyl
      trans-delta 2-prostaglandin E1.

PMID- 4038170
TI  - Unexplained menorrhagia: problems with management.

PMID- 4038171
TI  - Some characteristics of breech deliveries.

PMID- 4038172
TI  - Multivariate analysis of Singapore birth weights.

PMID- 4038173
TI  - Sirenomelia--a case report.

PMID- 4038174
TI  - Uterine malignancy developing after a long term use of IUCD. Additional report of
      a case: association of endometrial stromal sarcoma with IUCD.

PMID- 4038175
TI  - Hysterosalpingography. 1. The incidence of tubal spasm during
      hysterosalpingography.

PMID- 4038176
TI  - Hysterosalpingography. II. The efficacy of glucagon as a spasmolytic in
      overcoming tubal spasm during hysterosalpingography.

PMID- 4038177
TI  - A clinico-pathological diagnosis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

PMID- 4038178
TI  - The management of female hirsutism with the anti-androgen agent cyproterone.

PMID- 4038179
TI  - Fetal weight and premature rupture of the membranes in preterm delivery.

PMID- 4038180
TI  - Choriocarcinoma coexisting with adenocarcinoma in the pars interstitialis of the
      oviduct: a case report.

PMID- 4038181
TI  - Correlation between amniotic fluid lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and optical
      density measured after centrifugation at varying forces.

PMID- 4038182
TI  - Quality assurance in a multidisciplinary group. Priority setting in an intensive
      care unit.

PMID- 4038183
TI  - The use of antimicrobials in a maternity unit: a retrospective study.

PMID- 4038184
TI  - Performance appraisal of the board and chief executive officer at the Port
      Augusta Hospital.

PMID- 4038185
TI  - Draft Privacy Bill 1983. Access to records of personal information.

PMID- 4038186
TI  - What do the figures show? ACHS 1974-1984: a decade of progress.

PMID- 4038187
TI  - Notes for nursing homes.

PMID- 4038188
TI  - Medical problems in hospitals: what has the Australian Council on Hospital
      Standards discovered?

PMID- 4038189
TI  - Doctors, physiotherapists, chiropractors and the issue of spinal manipulation.

PMID- 4038191
TI  - When to treat 'mild' hypertension.

PMID- 4038190
TI  - Hypertension in general practice. A survey of adequacy of control, investigation
      and follow up.

PMID- 4038192
TI  - Commencing antihypertensive therapy.

PMID- 4038193
TI  - Hypertension.

PMID- 4038194
TI  - Presentations of early symptoms of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4038195
TI  - Styles of doctoring and models of health. Some side effects of the doctor.

PMID- 4038196
TI  - General practitioners and the health centre. Is there a meeting point?

PMID- 4038197
TI  - Aboriginal child health.

PMID- 4038198
TI  - Weekend use of a children's casualty department by patients who have private
      doctors.

PMID- 4038199
TI  - The importance of consent to treatment.

PMID- 4038200
TI  - Resident medical practitioners in private hospitals.

PMID- 4038201
TI  - Speargun injury.

PMID- 4038202
TI  - Australia's hospital population by the year 2011.

PMID- 4038203
TI  - Reversible nutritional myopathy with myotonia in the protein-deficient rat given
      methionine.
AB  - Rats fed a protein-deficient synthetic diet developed hind limb weakness caused
      by a myopathy with myotonic features on electromyography. Deficiency of vitamin E
      and selenium, known causes of nutritional myopathy, were excluded. Methionine
      supplementation of the diet reversed the clinical signs of weakness within 12 h.

PMID- 4038205
TI  - Multiparity and sex ratio in mice.

PMID- 4038204
TI  - Cannulation of the cisterna magna in sheep: a method for chronic studies of
      cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - A method of cannulating the cisterna magna of sheep is described. Successful
      cannulations were achieved in 15 of 17 attempts (88%). Mean cannula patency was
      13.9 days (range 7-20). Using these cannulas, it was possible to obtain samples
      of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in large volumes (4-8 ml) and remove 20-30 ml of CSF
      over a 5 h period. This technique allows access to the CSF of an animal large
      enough for the removal of samples of CSF of sufficient size to detect materials
      present at very low concentrations.

PMID- 4038206
TI  - Acute deletion of arterial baroreceptor input in the conscious rabbit.
AB  - We describe the use of a snare to denervate the carotid sinus in conscious
      rabbits whose other arterial baroreceptors had been denervated 8-14 days
      previously by surgical operation. Within 2 min of tightening the snare arterial
      blood pressure had risen from 81 +/- 2 to 119 +/- 5 mmHg, and heart rate had
      risen from 214 +/- 9 to 280 +/- 9 beats min-1. They remained at these high levels
      for 15 min but then fell, so that after 30 min blood pressure and heart rate were
      103 +/- 9 mmHg and 265 +/- 8 beats min-1 respectively. They declined somewhat
      further, but irregularly, over the succeeding 7 days. The previously brisk
      baroreceptor-heart rate and carotid sinus reflexes were abolished by ensnaring
      the carotid sinus nerve, and remained absent over the succeeding 7 days. This
      method of deleting input from the arterial baroreceptors is not confounded by
      general anaesthesia or surgical injury, and allows observations to be made within
      minutes. The rapid decline in blood pressure and heart rate after 15 min, and the
      subsequent slow downward trend, are unexplained. They are of potential importance
      in experiments designed to quantitate the effects of baroreceptor input on the
      circulation. We also noted that, whereas spontaneous activities of the
      baroreceptor-intact rabbit were usually associated with transient rises of blood
      pressure and heart rate, after deletion of baroreceptor input the same activities
      were usually associated with transient falls.

PMID- 4038207
TI  - Autoradiographic demonstration of deoxyglucose uptake in guinea pig cochlea.
AB  - The 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was applied to whole-body
      cryosectioning to include the cochlea. The highest levels of 2-deoxyglucose
      uptake were observed in the vascular stria, spiral ligament and spiral
      prominence. The cochlear nerve showed the next highest level of uptake, while the
      organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion showed low levels. The functional
      significance of the results was briefly discussed.

PMID- 4038209
TI  - Subperiosteal orbital hemorrhage associated with chronic sinusitis: a case report
      and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of subperiosteal orbital hemorrhage associated with chronic sinusitis is
      reported. A 57-year-old woman had a sudden onset of severe orbital pain and
      exophthalmos in the left eye. Computed tomography revealed a discrete round mass
      in the left retro-orbital space. An external frontoethmoidectomy was performed to
      evacuate the hematoma of the subperiosteal space. Additionally, the mucosa was
      edematous in the left ethmoid sinus. It appears that subperiosteal orbital
      hemorrhage in this case was caused by rupture of vessels which were inflamed as a
      result of sinusitis. Orbital hemorrhage associated with chronic sinusitis has
      rarely been reported. Diagnosis and treatment are discussed and etiologic factors
      are reviewed.

PMID- 4038208
TI  - A case of periodic alternating nystagmus: with a special reference to the
      efficacy of baclofen treatment.
AB  - A case of periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN), probably of congenital type, was
      reported. A 25-year-old woman, who has been suffering from cerebral palsy, was
      referred to our clinic for the consultation of a peculiar nystagmus and
      intermittent oscillopsia. Electronystagmographic examination revealed that the
      horizontal nystagmus on straight ahead gaze in the light continuously changed its
      direction alternately about 110 sec in right direction and about 90 sec in left
      direction with about 5 sec of an interlude, during which no nystagmus was
      observed, between each span. Electronystagmographic recording also illustrated
      that the amplitude and slow phase eye velocity of PAN first increase and then
      decrease in each span. Since other various kind of examination including
      neuroradiological examination revealed no special abnormality except for the
      signs of cerebral palsy, congenital PAN was suspected in this case. Although
      previous report indicated that baclofen dose not control congenital PAN in
      contrast to that of acquired type, we tried baclofen in this case. Baclofen
      reduced the strength of the nystagmus remarkably and patient also recognized the
      considerable improvement of her oscillopsia. We are of the opinion that the
      baclofen may improve the strength of congenital PAN and oscillopsia as well as
      those of acquired type PAN.

PMID- 4038210
TI  - A study of the nerve endings of the outer hair cells in the organ of Corti--using
      scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - The nerve endings on the outer hair cells of the guinea pig organ of Corti were
      studied using a scanning electron microscope. The nerve endings in the basal turn
      were entirely exposed in the space of Nuel, whereas in the upper turns almost all
      nerve endings were covered by the Deiters' cell bulge. The number and the size of
      the nerve endings gradually decreased from the basal turn toward the apical turn.
      The shape of the nerve endings was spindle-shaped in the basal turn, while it was
      round in the upper turn. Some nerve endings were found to locate close to the
      outer hair cell surface. No pathological change was observed in the nerve endings
      25 hr after completion of series treatments of streptomycin or kanamycin.
      However, the outer hair cells consistently showed shrinkage, especially in the
      basal turn.

PMID- 4038211
TI  - Metastases to the Rouviere nodes and headache.
AB  - This paper presents two cases of Rouviere node metastasis in carcinoma of the
      hypopharynx as confirmed by gallium scintigraphy. Invasion of the Rouviere nodes
      was clarified within six months of the onset of symptoms in both cases. One
      patient eventually died of intracranial cancerous invasion and the other remains
      in the terminal stage of cancer with multiple bone metastases. It was hitherto
      believed that metastases to the Rouviere nodes were extremely difficult to
      diagnose in the early stages. However, it is now apparent that the neurological
      signs and symptoms which commonly appear in patients with cancerous invasion of
      the jugular foramen syndrome facilitate early diagnosis of the disease, the most
      common symptom being a headache.

PMID- 4038212
TI  - The harmful effects of noise in a children's ward.
AB  - Because of concerns frequently expressed by members of staff about the annoyance
      caused by noise in a children's ward, noise levels were measured. These confirmed
      that ambient and peak levels were well in excess of levels recommended for
      hospital wards and were often above those recommended for average outdoor
      situations. The harmful effects of noise in general are discussed with regard to
      annoyance and the effects on hearing, performance, accident rates, social
      relationships and sleep. Interviews with members of ward staff confirmed a high
      degree of worry about noise levels and revealed that machines for ward cleaning
      were the most annoying noise source, followed by the crying of infants. Patients
      and parents probably suffer similar annoyance and distress from noise. Possible
      harmful effects on patients are discussed and measures to reduce noise levels in
      wards are suggested.

PMID- 4038213
TI  - Tests for autonomic neuropathy in diabetic children.
AB  - Five simple tests of autonomic nerve function were studied in 38 children (12.0
      years, s.d. = 3.3) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and a further 38 age
      and sex matched controls in order to validate the use of these tests in children.
      The five tests included one test (immediate heart rate response to standing)
      previously reported. Compared to controls, diabetics showed a significantly
      faster heart rate at rest (P = 0.022), a reduced heart rate variation during
      quite respiration (P = 0.003), a smaller change in heart rate following a single
      deep breath (P = 0.006), a lower Valsalva ratio (P = 0.084) and a lower maximum R
      R/minimum R-R ratio in response to standing (P = 0.033). The heart rate response
      to the Valsalva manoeuvre is less suitable for use in children than adults as it
      requires considerable co-ordination and co-operation and it did not correlate
      with the other tests of autonomic nerve function. The other tests significantly
      correlated with each other and were quick and easy to perform. They required no
      special co-operation and required no special equipment other than a standard ECG
      machine. Three diabetics had abnormalities in four of the tests (mean heart rate,
      heart rate variations during quiet respirations, change in heart rate produced by
      a single deep breath and the previously reported immediate heart rate response to
      standing). None of the controls had abnormalities in more than two of the tests.

PMID- 4038214
TI  - Renal abnormalities and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia.
AB  - A renal lesion has not been previously described in association with
      spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. A case of nephrotic syndrome with progression to
      renal failure from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is described.

PMID- 4038216
TI  - Cystic fibrosis heterozygotes have normal autonomic innervation of the heart.
AB  - Five simple tests of autonomic nerve function based on measurements of
      cardiovascular responses to various stimuli were used to investigate possible
      autonomic dysfunction in obligate heterozygotes for cystic fibrosis. There were
      no significant differences between the heterozygotes and control groups in any of
      the tests, suggesting that cystic fibrosis heterozygotes have normal autonomic
      innervation of the heart.

PMID- 4038215
TI  - Sacrococcygeal teratoma.
AB  - Eight cases of sacrococcygeal teratoma are described. Seven patients were
      diagnosed at birth, and one presented at 3 1/2 months of age with urinary
      retention. Two patients had associated congenital anomalies (arachnoid cyst,
      external angular dermoid and bifid sacrum), while one had a family history of
      sacrococcygeal teratoma. All had the tumour removed together with the coccyx as
      soon as the diagnosis was made. None had recurrence of the tumour.

PMID- 4038217
TI  - Pulmonary actinomyces in a child.
AB  - Pulmonary actinomycosis is rare in Australian children. A patient with the
      condition is described in whom a diagnosis was made by open lung biopsy. She was
      treated successfully with penicillin and tetracycline.

PMID- 4038218
TI  - Truncus arteriosus and facial dysmorphism.
AB  - Facial features of infants with truncus arteriosus were photographed and
      reviewed. Anomalies included hypertelorism, low set ears, micrognathia, down
      slanting palpebral fissures, short philtrum and small mouths. Associated
      cardiovascular defects were interrupted aortic arch, double aortic arch, right
      aortic arch and aberrant brachiocephalic vessels. Potential teratogenic factors
      included maternal diabetes, syphilis, alcohol ingestion, carbimazole therapy and
      infant chromosomal anomalies. The facial features, together with the rare cardiac
      abnormalities of truncus arteriosus and aortic arch defects are similar to those
      described in Di George syndrome (defect of fourth branchial arch and derivatives
      of third and fourth pharyngeal pouches). However none of these patients had
      symptomatic hypocalcaemia or absence of the thymus. It is concluded that this
      association of truncus arteriosus, aortic arch abnormalities and facial anomalies
      involves first and fourth branchial arch maldevelopment, and indicates
      embryological insult between the fourth and seventh weeks of gestation.

PMID- 4038219
TI  - Recommendation from Australian Radiation Laboratory. Radiological examination of
      women of reproductive capacity.
AB  - The National Health and Medical Research Council, at its 97th Session (June 1984)
      modified one of its earlier recommendations relating to the radiological
      examination of young women. This was made on the recommendation of its Radiation
      Health Committee and the Council have requested publication of the new
      recommendation so that all people who prescribe radiological examination should
      be aware of the Council's recommendation. With the mean age of menarche in
      Australian girls now being before their 13th birthday, a substantial proportion
      of a paediatric population will be affected by these recommendations.

PMID- 4038220
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4038221
TI  - Auditory brainstem evoked response.

PMID- 4038222
TI  - Secular trends in fatal and disabling child trauma.
AB  - Types and rates of childhood accidents are constantly varying. From the point of
      view of the potential child victim, the danger-safety equilibrium is disturbed by
      changes in lifestyles, availability of new consumer goods, and changes in social
      order. Balance is achieved by the implementation of preventive measures,
      particularly safety legislation. 'Old' hazards affecting children in pre
      industrial societies can re-emerge at any time as wealthy sophisticated societies
      aspire to recapture the delights of open space, the water, and 'country-style'
      living. Age-specific fatal accident rates are given for Australian children for
      the period 1960-1982. Whereas the total child (1-14 y) death rate has fallen from
      159 per 100000 (in 1960) to 86 (in 1982), road traffic deaths have risen from 8.3
      11.7 (1-4 year olds) and have remained static (8.3-8.9) for 5-14 year old
      children. Drowning in older children has been reduced, but drownings among
      toddlers are still high (9.2 in 1960; 11.7 in 1982). The causes of secular
      trends, and factors which are known to influence these, are discussed.

PMID- 4038223
TI  - Auditory brainstem evoked response as a hearing test in infants and children: a
      follow up study.
AB  - In recent years the auditory brainstem evoked response (BSER) has become an
      established aid in assessing hearing in unco-operative subjects. We have reviewed
      our experience with this technique in 293 infants and children aged less than 11
      years. We have found that the threshold for click BSER correlates well with the
      average audiometric threshold in the 2-4 kHz range. We have had encouraging
      preliminary experience to support the claim by other workers that 500 Hz stimuli
      may be used to assess low tone auditory function. In interpreting results it is
      important to appreciate that hearing levels may fluctuate with disorders such as
      otitis media and occasionally in cases of meningitis. Caution is also advised in
      interpreting results in cases where central nervous system pathology capable of
      affecting auditory pathways is known to exist.

PMID- 4038224
TI  - The assessment of children with school problems: evaluation of a hospital-based
      multidisciplinary clinic.
AB  - A hospital based multidisciplinary clinic for the assessment of children with
      school problems was evaluated. Questionnaires were sent to parents and teachers
      of 44 children seen during the first year of operation of the clinic. The
      majority of parents found the assessment and report valuable in answering their
      questions about the child; felt the report was clear and helpful, and the
      recommendations appropriate and practical. Ninety per cent of recommendations
      made were implemented. These results indicate that such clinics would seem to be
      an appropriate way to address the needs of children with school problems, an
      important segment of the new paediatric morbidity.

PMID- 4038225
TI  - Pre slaughter handling of cattle: the availability of water during the lairage
      period.
AB  - A comparison was made of the effect of providing or denying water to steers
      during the last 20 h before slaughter on carcase weight, bruising, muscle pH, and
      during the dressing process on the numbers of rumens from which ingesta was split
      and the number of heads and tongues condemned because of contamination with
      ingesta. All cattle were offered water from arrival at the abattoir until the
      start of the treatment period. In one experiment the steers were rested for 24 or
      48 h after a 120 km journey before being slaughtered, while in a second
      experiment they rested for 66 h after a 725 km journey. Giving steers access to
      water until they were slaughtered did not affect adversely carcase weight, bruise
      score, muscle pH or the incidence of ingesta spillage from rumens. The number of
      condemned heads and tongues was not consistently related to the availability of
      water. In the absence of any adverse effects it is recommended that cattle be
      provided with water during the lairage period.

PMID- 4038226
TI  - Bacterial penetration of the recently oviposited shell of hens' eggs.

PMID- 4038227
TI  - Complications in field diagnosis of Johne's disease in sheep.

PMID- 4038228
TI  - A prolonged summer anthelmintic treatment for prevention of growth reduction due
      to abomasal nematode parasitism in young beef cattle.

PMID- 4038229
TI  - Sale and processing of wool affected with dermatophilosis.

PMID- 4038230
TI  - Coronary circulation of the healthy man exposed to tilt tests, LBNP, and head
      down tilt.
AB  - The effect of tilt (head-up and head-down) tests, LBNP tests, and 7-d head-down
      tilt (at -15 degrees) on coronary circulation was investigated in healthy male
      volunteers. Catheters were implanted into the coronary sinus and brachial artery.
      The Ganz catheter in the coronary sinus was used to measure volume flow in the
      area (constant thermodilution), pressure, and to withdraw samples of outflowing
      blood for biochemical analysis (acid-base equilibrium and oxygenation). Transfer
      from supine to upright body position, lower body negative pressure (-30 mm Hg for
      20 min), as well as 15 degrees head-down (by day 5-6) produced similar changes in
      the basic parameters of coronary circulation-reduction of blood flow and oxygen
      consumption, decrease of pressure in the coronary sinus, and increase of coronary
      resistance. Transfer from head-up to head-down position caused opposite changes
      of the above parameters. The changes in coronary circulation were adequate for
      myocardial metabolic requirements since the biochemical composition of the
      outflowing blood remained essentially constant during the gravitational exposures
      described.

PMID- 4038231
TI  - Comparative study of physical and mental incapacities among Portuguese airline
      pilots under and over age 60.
AB  - This study evaluated the number of definitive flight incapacitations and deaths
      which occurred among Portuguese airline pilots between 1945 and 1983. Also, all
      pilots over 60, no longer flying, continued to be submitted to the same medical,
      psychological and psychomotor tests as before. The number of incapacities and
      deaths was related to the number of pilots by age groups of 5 years from age 20
      24 to 65-69, in a total of 1528 pilots at risk. Under age 60, the pilots' careers
      were interrupted for pathological reasons (8) and deaths (13), mainly through
      unforeseen severe diseases (13) and violent deaths (6). Over age 60, no deaths
      occurred and the majority of the psycho-physiological problems susceptible to
      being considered incapacitating (10) were expressed by expected degenerative
      disorders which were strictly connected with aging. The rate of incapacities
      became higher than under age 60, but 64% of over 60 examinees were absolutely fit
      for flight duties.

PMID- 4038232
TI  - Voluntary dehydration and electrolyte losses during prolonged exercise in the
      heat.
AB  - The effects of water temperature (6 degrees, 22 degrees, 46 degrees C) and
      chlorination on voluntary dehydration (D), sweat electrolyte losses (SEL), and
      total body electrolyte losses (BEL) were studied in 12 healthy males during 6 h
      of intermittent treadmill exercise (1.34 m X s-1, 5% grade) in a climatic chamber
      (40.6 degrees C DB, 25.5 degrees C WB). Body weight (BW), rectal temperature
      (Tre), mean weighted skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate (HR), plasma osmolality
      (PO), sweat rate (SR), sweat sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), potassium (K+), and
      magnesium (MG++), urine volume, Na+, and K+ were measured. No differences were
      found between chlorinated and non-chlorinated treatments except SEL of Mg++.
      Subjects (Ss) who drank 46 degrees C (-2.1% BW) consumed approximately 50% less
      water (p less than 0.001), and had D which was 1.050 kg larger (p less than
      0.001) than subjects who consumed 6 degrees C (-0.5 %BW). There were no
      significant between-group PO differences, but Tre and Tsk differed between 46
      degrees and 6 degrees C (p less than 0.01), and the HR of 22 degrees and 46
      degrees C were both different from 6 degrees C (p less than 0.05). SR of all
      groups were essentially equal, although differences in total sweat Na+ (p less
      than 0.02) and Cl- (p less than 0.04) losses were observed between 46 degrees and
      6 degrees C. SEL of sweat K+ and Mg++ were not affected by the experimental
      design. Based on 24 h projections of BEL, it was concluded that K+ depletion is
      more likely than Na+ depletion because food is often supplemented with sodium
      chloride.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038233
TI  - Blink reflex as a parameter of human operator's functional state.
AB  - Eyelid movements (EM)--blinking frequency and duration of closed eyes--may serve
      as a parameter of fatigue in humans performing as operators. Twenty subjects were
      told to locate and follow visual signals appearing on a screen at the frequency
      of 4-5 X h-1 and moving in a background of bright noises. EM was recorded in
      infra-red rays with tiny sensors attached to glasses' rim. EEG and ECG were
      recorded simultaneously. It was found that a change in EM is a sensitive
      parameter of fatigue and better corresponds to decreased quality of performance
      (time of locating signal and error in following), than changes in R-R interval.
      In the second experimental series, symptoms of fatigue discovered by EM were
      accompanied by sound signals, which improved operator's performance by 15-20%.
      Recording of EM may be used to monitor operator's state in humans and to forecast
      reliability of performance.

PMID- 4038234
TI  - Lower body negative pressure in the tranquilized rat.
AB  - The application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to tranquilized rats was
      assessed as an experimental technique to evaluate the response of the
      cardiovascular system to hypotension. After pilot studies had demonstrated that
      diazepam (600 micrograms X kg-1, i.v.) had no significant influence on the
      pressor response to unilateral carotid occlusion in unanesthetized and
      unrestrained rats, subsequent rats were tranquilized. When LBNP was applied, the
      decline in central venous pressure was linearly related to the level of negative
      pressure as was the initial fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Pulse-interval
      was highly correlated with the initial fall of MAP. The results indicate that the
      application of LBNP in the tranquilized rat can effectively produce systemic
      hypotension and elicit cardiovascular reflexes similar to those reported for
      other animals in response to LBNP, including humans.

PMID- 4038235
TI  - Early central venous pressure changes in the rat during two different levels of
      head-down suspension.
AB  - The head-down suspension (i.e. antiorthostatic hypokinesia) rat is used to
      simulate the circulatory effects of weightlessness. However, little is known
      about the early cardiovascular adaptive response to simulated weightlessness and
      the effects of varying degrees of head-down suspension. Therefore, the purpose of
      this study was to characterize the early central venous pressure changes to two
      different levels of head-down suspension in the rat. Unanesthetized,
      unrestrained, female Sprague-Dawley rats (wt: 298 +/- 18 gms, mean +/- S.D.) with
      chronically implanted central venous pressure catheters were subjected to either
      a 45 degrees C head-down tilt angle (Group A, N = 8) or a 20 degrees head-down
      tilt angle (Group B, N = 8) using the tail-traction technique of head-down
      suspension. Central venous pressure increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in
      both groups of rats during head-down suspension with the absolute pressure level
      significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in Group A rats compared to Group B rats
      during the first 8 h of the study. At 24 h, the rats in Group B appeared to adapt
      earlier to head-down suspension because central venous pressure decreased to the
      previous baseline level whereas it remained increased in Group A rats. We
      conclude that the level of head-down suspension significantly affects the early
      central venous pressure response and subsequent cardiovascular adaption to
      simulated weightlessness in rats.

PMID- 4038236
TI  - Maxillary sinus barotrauma--case report and review.
AB  - A case is presented in which a mucous retention cyst that obliterated the right
      maxillary sinus caused symptoms due to pressure on two separate branches of the
      second branch of the fifth cranial nerve during a chamber dive to 112 feet. The
      symptoms of pain and numbness occurred at different times during and after the
      dive. Referred pain to the maxillary teeth was due to pressure on the posterior
      superior alveolar branch and paresthesia with numbness and tingling of the lip
      and cheek was caused from pressure on the infraorbital nerve prior to its
      emergence through the infraorbital foramen. The symptoms resolved promptly on
      recompression treatment. The underlying mechanisms for the production of sinus
      barotrauma and the causes of tooth and sinus pain are differentiated, and a
      differential diagnosis of maxillary sinus opacities is schematized.

PMID- 4038237
TI  - Modification of Otis-McKerrow valve for measurement of respiratory water loss.
AB  - An apparatus is described that allows a continuous measurement of inspired and
      expired gas dew-point temperature for the calculation of water loss (Eres) during
      ventilation. A rapid response dew-point temperature measurement method is
      described which is based on a small Peltier module. The compact structure with
      near zero system dead space minimizes potential errors inherent in many
      techniques used to measure Eres. The simple design and rugged construction permit
      the incorporation of the apparatus into many manual or personal computer
      controlled oxygen consumption systems. Collection of data may be done in a
      variety of ambient temperatures, altitudes, and activity levels. There is also
      the potential for creating a portable system for field use.

PMID- 4038238
TI  - Operational G-induced loss of consciousness: something old; something new.
AB  - Loss of consciousness (LOC) during exposure to +Gz occurs in aircrew flying high
      performance aircraft. This phenomenon is responsible for several USAF aircraft
      losses with accompanying loss of life. It has been recognized as a potential
      flying problem since 1938. Acceleration-induced LOC results in 15-to 20-s periods
      of aircrew total incapacitation, amnesia, and clonic spasms. It can occur at
      relatively low G levels and without symptoms of loss of light (blackout).
      Operational anti-G equipment and methods are not completely effective in
      preventing LOC. Considering the present status of G protection, a deficiency in
      the anti-G straining maneuver is considered to be the primary cause of G-induced
      LOC. This deficiency usually can be corrected with proper centrifuge training.
      Our present understanding of G protection suggests that the elimination of LOC as
      a serious problem for USAF high-performance aircraft operations must include the
      supination of aircrew to a minimum seat back angle of 60 degrees to 65 degrees.

PMID- 4038239
TI  - Associations between some polymorphic markers and variation in IQ and its
      components in Otmoor villagers.

PMID- 4038240
TI  - Segregation analysis of human hand preference.

PMID- 4038241
TI  - Familial resemblance for general cognitive ability in the Hawaii Family Study of
      Cognition.

PMID- 4038242
TI  - A systems model of health behavior change.
AB  - The modeling in this paper is at the level of the individual, in relation to the
      subsystem of health behavior. It integrates social, environmental, psychological,
      and physiological factors to describe the health behavior change process. It is
      not intended to be quantitatively predictive of behavior change, since further
      development of this model is needed to determine the mathematical form of the
      relationships between variables. The model is innovative in several ways. First,
      it includes health-related variables and a rich feedback structure. In contrast,
      attitude behavior change models often cannot explain health behavior adequately,
      because they do not incorporate physiological variables. Second, the model can be
      easily used by educators to help identify important variables for developing
      health education curricula. Consequently, program developers are helped in
      determining program intents, teaching strategies, and learning activities, and
      evaluative strategies which are congruent with the attitude behavior change
      process.

PMID- 4038243
TI  - Cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of multiple personality.

PMID- 4038244
TI  - Social perception, social performance, and self-perception. A study with
      psychiatric and nonpsychiatric groups.

PMID- 4038245
TI  - Three methods of memory training for severely amnesic patients.

PMID- 4038246
TI  - On the modification of acceptability ratings for alternative child treatments.

PMID- 4038247
TI  - Studies on the energy reserve of Fasciola gigantica from Nigerian Zebu cattle.
AB  - As energy reserves in the body tissue of mature liver flukes var. Fasciola
      gigantica from the bile ducts of Nigerian Zebu cattle the following percentages
      were found: protein 60.29, lipid 11.92, carbohydrate 7.0. The analysis of the
      lipid fractions showed the following composition: 47% phospholipids (63%
      phosphatidyl choline, 28% phosphatidyl serine, 9% lysophosphatidyl choline) and
      22% triglycerides, 16% fatty acids, 6% cholesterol, 5% monoacyl glycerol, and 4%
      cholesterol ester.

PMID- 4038248
TI  - [Antler amputation in Cervidae from the viewpoint of ethology and animal
      protection].

PMID- 4038249
TI  - [Concentration and size distribution of air-borne dust particles in horse
      stables].

PMID- 4038250
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of proteins from night-blind mutants of Phycomyces.
AB  - Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we have analyzed proteins from a
      plasma membrane-enriched fraction from Phycomyces sporangiophores. Specifically,
      we have compared gels for night-blind mutants and a wild-type strain to find
      proteins involved in the early steps of the sensory transduction chain for
      phototropism. In the gels for a mutant affected in the gene madA, a protein spot
      [51 kilodaltons (kdal) and pI 6.35] appears that is absent from the wild-type and
      the other mad mutants. Mutants affect in either of two madB alleles lack a
      protein spot (57 kdal and pI 6.6) that is present in the wild-type and all other
      mad strains; this spot probably represents the madB gene product. In some madC
      mutants, two spots (59 kdal, pI 6.5, with a covalently linked flavin; and 50
      kdal, pI 6.4) are absent; however, in other madC strains, one or both of these
      spots are present. These four protein spots that are altered in madA, madB, and
      madC mutants may represent component of the photoreceptor complex responsible for
      phototropism in Phycomyces.

PMID- 4038251
TI  - Genetics, subcellular localization, and molecular characterization of 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase isozymes in tomato.
AB  - Three independent genes are responsible for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
      (6PGDH) activity in tomato. 6Pgdh-2, located on chromosome 12, codes for subunits
      of an active dimer which is restricted to the plastids. 6Pgdh-1, chromosome 4,
      and 6Pgdh-3, chromosome 5, code for subunits which form three dimers--two
      homodimers and an intergenic heterodimer. The latter three isozymes are found in
      the cytosol. 6Pgdh-1, 6Pgdh-2, and 6Pgdh-3 code for subunits with estimated
      molecular weights of 49,500, 50,500, and 51,200, respectively. The intergenic
      heterodimer encoded by 6Pgdh-1 and 6Pgdh-3 is thus composed of subunits that
      differ in length by approximately 15 amino acid residues. Divergence in the
      length and primary subunit structure may account for the lower thermal stability
      of the intergenic heterodimer compared with the corresponding homodimers. A
      limited survey of other solanaceous plant species suggests that the duplication
      of cytosolic 6PGDH-coding genes found in tomato may be widespread in the family.

PMID- 4038252
TI  - Experimentally induced defects of mitochondrial metabolism in rat skeletal
      muscle. Biological effects of the mitochondrial uncoupling agent 2,4
      dinitrophenol.
AB  - Infusion of dinitrophenol intra-arterially into rat hind limb caused an
      irreversible failure of isometric twitch tension and the induction of a severe
      progressive contracture. Metabolite analysis of muscle in which the twitch
      response had grossly fatigued revealed low levels of ATP and phosphocreatine
      together with lactate accumulation. Studies using 31P-n.m.r. confirmed the
      decrease in ATP and creatine phosphate concentrations and indicated a fall in
      intracellular pH. It is concluded that dinitrophenol-induced myopathy does not
      represent a good model for the human mitochondrial myopathic condition as has
      been previously suggested.

PMID- 4038253
TI  - Phosphorylation status of liver by 31P-n.m.r. spectroscopy, and its implications
      for metabolic control. A comparison of 31P-n.m.r. spectroscopy (in vivo and in
      vitro) with chemical and enzymic determinations of ATP, ADP and Pi.
AB  - An investigation into the measurement of Pi and ADP in rat liver in vivo and in
      freeze-clamped extracts by 31P-n.m.r. spectroscopy was carried out. The
      concentration of Pi estimated in vivo is less than 25% [1 mM (mumol/ml of cell
      water)] of the value obtained from freeze-clamped liver (4 mM), whereas ADP in
      vivo is undetectable (1.4 mM in vitro). At 5 min after infusion of 750 mg of
      fructose/kg, the Pi content of liver extracts fell to 1.3 mM, whereas Pi is
      undetectable in vivo under these conditions [Griffiths, Stevens, Gadian, Iles &
      Porteous (1980) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 8, 641]. The results indicate that the lower
      Pi and ADP concentrations found in vivo may be due to compartmentation or binding
      rather than to degradation of labile organic phosphates during extraction. The
      results are discussed with reference to previous measurements of liver phosphates
      and investigations of compartmentation in the liver, as are some of the possible
      consequences for metabolic control in the liver of low ADP and Pi concentrations.

PMID- 4038254
TI  - Deuteroporphyrin-albumin binding equilibrium. The effects of porphyrin self
      aggregation studied for the human and the bovine proteins.
AB  - The binding equilibrium of deuteroporphyrin IX to human serum albumin and to
      bovine serum albumin was studied, by monitoring protein-induced changes in the
      porphyrin fluorescence and taking into consideration the self-aggregation of the
      porphyrin. To have control over the latter, the range of porphyrin concentrations
      was chosen to maker dimers (non-covalent) the dominant aggregate. Each protein
      was found to have one high-affinity site for deuteroporphyrin IX monomers, the
      magnitudes of the equilibrium binding constants (25 degrees C, neutral pH,
      phosphate-buffered saline) being 4.5 (+/- 1.5) X 10(7) M-1 and 1.7 (+/- 0.2) X
      10(6) M-1 for human serum albumin and for bovine serum albumin respectively.
      Deuteroporphyrin IX dimers were found to bind directly to the protein, each
      protein binding one dimer, with high affinity. Two models are proposed for the
      protein-binding of porphyrin monomers and dimers in a porphyrin system having
      both species: a competitive model, where each protein molecule has only one
      binding site, which can be occupied by either a monomer or a dimer; a non
      competitive model, where each protein molecule has two binding sites, one for
      monomers and one for dimers. On testing the fit of the data to the models, an
      argument can be made to favour the non-competitive model, the equilibrium binding
      constants of the dimers, for the non-competitive model (25 degrees C, neutral pH,
      phosphate-buffered saline), being: 8.0 (+/- 1.8) X 10(8) M-1 and 1.2 (+/- 0.6) X
      10(7) M-1 for human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin respectively.

PMID- 4038256
TI  - Iodinated fibroblast beta-glucuronidase as a ligand for receptor-mediated
      endocytosis.
AB  - Antibodies raised to human placental beta-glucuronidase were shown to cross-react
      with the beta-glucuronidase secreted by mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, but did not react
      with other lysosomal enzymes. The beta-glucuronidase secreted by 3T3 cells was
      purified 15000-fold by chromatography on an affinity column made from this
      antibody and resolved into a single component, of Mr 68000, by sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Iodinated samples of purified enzyme
      were taken up into mouse peritoneal macrophages by receptor-mediated endocytosis
      at a rate similar to that calculated previously for unlabelled enzyme, and uptake
      was competitively inhibited by yeast mannan. Binding of beta-glucuronidase to
      macrophages was saturable, with a Kd of 7 X 10(-9)l/mol, an affinity comparable
      with that calculated for the binding of mannosylated bovine serum albumin (Kd 1.3
      X 10(-9)l/mol), a ligand specific for mannose receptors. Four times as many
      molecules of mannosylated albumin (12000) as of beta-glucuronidase (3000),
      however, bound to each cell. This purification and iodination procedure did not
      therefore have any adverse effect on the uptake properties of secreted beta
      glucuronidase, and provides a ligand with which to investigate binding and
      specific endocytosis into a range of different types of cell.

PMID- 4038255
TI  - The apparent Km of ammonia for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) in situ.
AB  - Experiments with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) in solution and in
      isolated mitochondria are reported which show the following. NH3 rather than NH4+
      is the substrate of the enzyme. The apparent Km of NH3 for the purified enzyme is
      about 38 microM. The apparent Km for NH3 measured in intact isolated mitochondria
      is about 13 microM. This value was obtained for both coupled and uncoupled
      mitochondria and was unchanged when the rate of carbamoyl phosphate synthesis was
      increased 2-fold by incubating uncoupled mitochondria in the presence of 5 mM-N
      acetylglutamate. According to the literature, the concentration of NH3 in liver
      is well below the measured apparent Km. On the basis of this and previous work we
      conclude that, quantitatively, changes in liver [NH3] and [ornithine] are likely
      to be the most important factors in the fast regulation of synthesis of carbamoyl
      phosphate and urea. This conclusion is consistent with all available evidence
      obtained with isolated mitochondria, isolated hepatocytes, perfused liver and
      whole animals.

PMID- 4038257
TI  - Heterogeneity of high-mobility-group protein 2. Enrichment of a rapidly migrating
      form in testis.
AB  - A determination of the absolute amounts of high-mobility-group proteins 1 and 2
      (HMG1 and HMG2) in rat tissues demonstrated that amounts of HMG2 were low in non
      proliferating tissues, somewhat higher in proliferating and lymphoid tissues, but
      were extremely elevated in the testis. This increase was due to a germ-cell
      specific form of HMG2 with increased mobility relative to somatic HMG2 on
      acid/urea/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. To determine if the findings in the
      rat were a general feature of spermatogenesis, testis (germinal), spleen
      (lymphoid), and liver (non-proliferating) tissues from various vertebrate species
      were examined for their relative amounts of HMG1 and HMG2, and for HMG2
      heterogeneity. Bull, chimpanzee, cynomologus monkey, dog, gopher, guinea pig,
      hamster, mouse, opossum, rabbit, rat, rhesus monkey, squirrel and toad (Xenopus)
      tissues were analysed. Nearly all species showed relatively high contents of HMG2
      in testis tissue, whereas HMG1 contents were similar in all species and tissues.
      Ten of thirteen species showed a rapidly migrating HMG2 subtype in testis tissue,
      separable by acid/urea/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Xenopus, which lacks
      HMG2 in somatic tissues, showed an HMG2-like protein in testis tissue. Although
      the rapidly migrating HMG2 subtype in species other than rat was not testis
      specific, it was always enriched in the testis. This study indicates that
      increased amounts of HMG2 and the enrichment of a rapidly migrating HMG2 subtype
      are general features of spermatogenic cells.

PMID- 4038258
TI  - Role of uricase in the triggering of germination of Bacillus fastidiosus spores.
AB  - The likelihood that uric acid was the only compound capable of triggering
      germination of Bacillus fastidiosus spores was reinforced by the finding that
      ureidoglycollic acid, urea, NH4Cl, 2,8-dihydroxypurine and a combination of L
      alanine and O-carbamoyl-D-serine were ineffective as germinants. Uric acid
      triggered germination of B. fastidiosus was prevented by a range of inhibitors
      that also inhibited uricase activity in dormant spore extracts. O2 uptake during
      germination started immediately after addition of uric acid, possibly as a
      consequence of the oxidation of uric acid by the enzyme uricase. Germination
      showed a dependence on uric acid concentration, with a relatively high Km (4-5
      mM). During the first 10 min of germination of heat-activated spores there was no
      detectable change in the number of spore-cortex reducing groups, indicating that
      selective cortex hydrolysis is not involved in the trigger mechanism of
      germination of B. fastidiosus. On the basis of the results, a model is proposed
      in which re-initiation of uricase activity is the mechanism by which B.
      fastidiosus spores are triggered to emerge from the dormant state.

PMID- 4038259
TI  - Proteins of the kidney microvillar membrane. Purification and properties of
      carboxypeptidase P from pig kidneys.
AB  - Carboxypeptidase P has been purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from pig
      kidneys. A single-step assay with Z-Pro-Met (where Z represents
      benzyloxycarbonyl) as substrate was used, methionine being determined by using L
      amino acid oxidase and horseradish peroxidase. The enzyme constitutes about 1.5%
      of the kidney microvillar proteins. Triton X-100-solubilized and papain-released
      forms of the enzyme were isolated. The former had an apparent subunit Mr of 135
      000, and the latter form contained two polypeptide chains of Mr 128 000 and 95
      000. The undenatured forms were dimeric proteins. In common with other
      microvillar hydrolases, carboxypeptidase P was a glycoprotein and each subunit
      contained one Zn atom. MnCl2 (1 mM) in the assay was necessary for maximum
      activity; in its absence, 0.5 mM-ZnSO4 produced a limited activation, but was
      inhibitory at higher concentrations. The Km for Z-Pro-Met, in the presence of
      MnCl2, was 4.1 mM, and the kcat. for freshly prepared enzyme was 1230 min-1. The
      enzyme lost activity during storage at -20 degrees C. In a limited survey of
      peptides, hydrolysis was observed only with substrates containing a proline,
      alanine or glycine residue in the P1 position, and these included angiotensins II
      and III. The best substrate in this series was Val-Ala-Ala-Phe.

PMID- 4038260
TI  - Post-translational assembly and glycosylation of laminin subunits in parietal
      endoderm-like F9 cells.
AB  - Non-reducing and reducing sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis of laminin synthesized in parietal endoderm-like F9 cells
      demonstrated that only AB1B2 complex goes through intracellular traffic for
      oligosaccharide side-chain processing and secretion. Glycosylation was not
      necessary for subunit assembly. Assembly was suggested to proceed through B1B2 to
      AB1B2. Among the pools of monomer subunits, the B2 pool was smallest.

PMID- 4038261
TI  - Differential binding of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids to insoluble
      calcium phosphate.
AB  - It is demonstrated that bile acids bind to insoluble calcium phosphate at pH
      values beyond 5.5. Significant binding occurs with glycine-conjugated dihydroxy
      bile acids. Results indicate that these bile acids are bound in a micellar mode.
      Taurine conjugation almost completely inhibits the binding of these bile acids to
      insoluble calcium phosphate. Since glycine-conjugated dihydroxy bile acids are
      predominant in the rabbit, but not in the rat, our results suggest an explanation
      for the intriguing species-dependence of casein-induced hypercholesterolaemia,
      which is high in the rabbit but absent in the rat.

PMID- 4038262
TI  - Effects of the mode of addition of acyl-CoA on the initial rate of formation of
      acylcarnitine in the presence of carnitine by intact rat liver mitochondria in
      vitro.
AB  - Time courses for the formation of palmitoylcarnitine from palmitoyl-CoA and
      carnitine, catalysed by the overt activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT
      I) in rat liver mitochondria, were obtained. Significant initial non-linearity
      was observed only when reactions were started by addition of a concentrated
      solution of palmitoyl-CoA (4mM, to give a final concentration of 100 microM)
      uncomplexed to albumin. Minimal effects were observed when the reactions were
      started by addition of palmitoyl-CoA-albumin mixtures, even though the final
      palmitoyl-CoA/albumin molar ratios in the assay medium were identical in the two
      sets of experiments.

PMID- 4038263
TI  - Exhaustive laccase-catalysed oxidation of a lignin model compound (vanillyl
      glycol) produces methanol and polymeric quinoid products.
AB  - Laccase-catalysed oxidation of the lignin-related phenol vanillyl glycol results
      in the initial formation of dimers and subsequent polymerization. The
      polymerization is accompanied by a liberation of methanol corresponding to 15-20%
      demethylation. Visible spectra together with reduction experiments suggest the
      simultaneous formation of o-quinones. The participation of quinone formation in
      the polymerization process and the possible role of such intermediates in lignin
      biodegradation is discussed.

PMID- 4038264
TI  - Rat skin calcium-binding protein is parvalbumin.
AB  - Only one major low-Mr calcium-binding protein could be isolated by h.p.l.c.
      procedures from aqueous extracts of homogenized adult rat skin. This was shown by
      tryptic peptide mapping and independent amino acid sequence analysis to be
      identical in all 109 residues with the parvalbumin from rat skeletal muscle. This
      calcium-binding protein was not in skin epidermis, but was confined to the dermal
      layer. Skin calcium-binding protein is therefore parvalbumin.

PMID- 4038265
TI  - Kinetic pathways of formation and dissociation of the glycerol-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase complex.
AB  - Quantitative analysis of the time courses of fluorescence anisotropy changes due
      to the binding of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase to the dissociable
      cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase covalently labelled with
      fluorescent dye was carried out. The behaviour of the aldolase-dehydrogenase
      system seems to be consistent with a cyclic reversible model characterized by the
      formation and dissociation of complexes of both the monomeric and the dimeric
      forms of dehydrogenase with aldolase, and rapid equilibrium between the free
      monomeric and dimeric forms of dehydrogenase. The half-life time of the formation
      of dimeric dehydrogenase-aldolase complex at the concentration of the enzymes
      expected to exist in the cell (i.e. in the micromolar range) is some minutes, and
      the time needed for equilibration between the aldolase-bound dimeric and
      monomeric forms of dehydrogenase is a few minutes as well. Consequently, one may
      expect that both the formation and the dissociation of this heterologous enzyme
      complex have physiological relevance.

PMID- 4038266
TI  - Turnover of messenger RNA, apoprotein and haem of cytochrome P-450b + e induced
      by phenobarbitone in rat liver.
AB  - A single injection of phenobarbitone elicits asynchronous behaviour in the
      pattern of induction of mRNA, apoprotein and haem of cytochrome P-450b + e. The
      mRNA content reaches a maximum around 16h, the apoprotein content reaches a
      maximum around 30-36h, and the holoprotein content shows biphasic behaviour, with
      maxima around 16h and 30-36h. With the use of CoCl2 to block fresh transcription
      of cytochrome P-450b + e mRNA, the half-life of the preinduced mRNA was found to
      be 3h. The apoprotein and haem moieties of cytochrome P-450b + e turn over with
      half-lives of 16h and 8h respectively. The pattern of induction of delta
      aminolaevulinate synthase shows biphasic behaviour, with maxima around 16h and 30
      36h. The biphasic behaviour of the holoprotein content is thus due to differences
      in the extent of saturation of the apoprotein with haem, the process being
      regulated by the activity of the rate-limiting delta-aminolaevulinate synthase
      and the independent faster turnover rate of haem with respect to the apoprotein.
      Massive degradation of the haem moiety of preformed cytochrome P-450b + e results
      in the subsequent degradation of the apoprotein.

PMID- 4038267
TI  - Differential effect of anionic and cationic drugs on the synaptosome-associated
      acetylcholinesterase activity of dog brain.
AB  - The evoked effects of the negatively charged drugs phenobarbital and barbituric
      acid, the positively charged imipramine, perphenazine and trifluoperazine, and
      the neutral primidone, on the synaptosome-associated acetylcholinesterase
      activity were studied. A marked increase in the enzyme activity was exhibited in
      the presence of low concentrations (up to 3 mM) of phenobarbital, barbituric acid
      and primidone. Higher concentrations (up to 10 mM), however, led to a progressive
      inhibition of the enzyme activity. However, the activity of the enzyme was not
      affected by imipramine, but it was decreased by perphenazine and trifluoperazine.
      Arrhenius plots of acetylcholinesterase activity exhibited a break point at 23.4
      degrees C for the untreated (control) synaptosomes, which was shifted to around
      16 degrees C in the synaptosomes treated with the charged drugs. The allosteric
      inhibition by F- of acetylcholinesterase was studied in control synaptosomes and
      in those treated with the charged drugs. Changes in the Hill coefficients in
      combination with changes in Arrhenius activation energy produced by the charged
      drugs would be expected if it is assumed that charged drugs 'fluidize' the
      synaptosomal plasma membranes.

PMID- 4038268
TI  - Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB).
      Nomenclature for incompletely specified bases in nucleic acid sequences.
      Recommendations 1984.

PMID- 4038269
TI  - Hydrogen transfer between ethanol molecules during oxidoreduction in vivo.
AB  - Rates of exchange catalysed by alcohol dehydrogenase were determined in vivo in
      order to find rate-limiting steps in ethanol metabolism. Mixtures of [1,1-2H2]-
      and [2,2,2-2H3]ethanol were injected in rats with bile fistulas. The
      concentrations in bile of ethanols having different numbers of 2H atoms were
      determined by g.l.c.-m.s. after the addition of [2H6]ethanol as internal standard
      and formation of the 3,5-dinitrobenzoates. Extensive formation of [2H4]ethanol
      indicated that acetaldehyde formed from [2,2,2-2H3]ethanol was reduced to ethanol
      and that NADH used in this reduction was partly derived from oxidation of [1,1
      2H2]ethanol. The rate of acetaldehyde reduction, the degree of labelling of bound
      NADH and the isotope effect on ethanol oxidation were calculated by fitting
      models to the found concentrations of ethanols labelled with 1-42H atoms. Control
      experiments with only [2,2,2-2H3]ethanol showed that there was no loss of the C-2
      hydrogens by exchange. The isotope effect on ethanol oxidation appeared to be
      about 3. Experiments with (1S)-[1-2H]- and [2,2,2-2H3]ethanol indicated that the
      isotope effect on acetaldehyde oxidation was much smaller. The results indicated
      that both the rate of reduction of acetaldehyde and the rate of association of
      NADH with alcohol dehydrogenase were nearly as high as or higher than the net
      ethanol oxidation. Thus, the rate of ethanol oxidation in vivo is determined by
      the rates of acetaldehyde oxidation, the rate of dissociation of NADH from
      alcohol dehydrogenase, and by the rate of reoxidation of cytosolic NADH. In
      cyanamide-treated rats, the elimination of ethanol was slow but the rates in the
      oxidoreduction were high, indicating more complete rate-limitation by the
      oxidation of acetaldehyde.

PMID- 4038270
TI  - Incorporation of the 1-pro-R and 1-pro-S hydrogen atoms of ethanol in the
      reduction of acids in the liver of intact rats and in isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - Ethanol oxidation causes redox effects. The coupling of this oxidation via NADH
      to intermediary metabolism was studied in order to reveal the underlying
      mechanisms. Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated with [1,1-2H2]-, (1R)-[1-2H]-
      and (1S)-[1-2H]-ethanol and the 2H incorporation was measured in lactate, beta
      hydroxybutyrate, fumarate, malate, succinate, alpha-oxoglutarate and citrate. The
      results differed in the following ways from results obtained in intact rats.
      Lactate became labelled to an increasing extent, and in more than one position,
      indicating labelling of pyruvate. A small and constant fraction of malate and
      fumarate was formed without access to [2H]coenzyme. Addition of aspartate
      increased this fraction, which was concluded to be formed in the mitochondria.
      Citrate was essentially unlabelled. The 2H from (1R)-[1-2H]ethanol contributed to
      malate to a larger extent and to beta-hydroxybutyrate to a smaller extent, and 2H
      from (1S)-[1-2H]ethanol contributed to lactate to a smaller extent. These results
      indicate that the exchange via shuttle system was less efficient in isolated
      hepatocytes than in intact rats. The 2H incorporation was independent of
      concentration of [1,1-2H2]ethanol when this was above 5mM. Additions known to
      increase ethanol elimination, and cyanamide, which decreases it, had no marked
      effect on the 2H incorporation. This indicates equilibration of the NADH bound to
      alcohol dehydrogenase with free NADH. Disulfiram and cyanamide caused a decrease
      in the relative incorporation from (1S)-[1-2H]ethanol into malate in liver of
      intact rats. Addition of cyanamide to incubations with hepatocytes resulted in a
      decrease of the contribution of 2H from (1S)-[1-2H]ethanol in lactate, beta
      hydroxybutyrate and malate. This indicates that acetaldehyde was only oxidized in
      the mitochondrial compartment.

PMID- 4038271
TI  - Degradation of mono-oleoylglycerol, trioleoylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine in
      emulsions and lipoproteins by rat hepatic acylglycerol lipase.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to characterize the lipolytic activities released
      by heparin from rat livers. Heparin perfusates of rat livers degraded
      monooleoylglycerol, trioleoylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine in emulsions as
      well as in chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, low-density lipoprotein/high
      density lipoprotein-1 (LDL/HDL-1) and high-density lipoprotein-2 (HDL-2). The
      preferred substrate was mono-oleoylglycerol. Heparin perfusates were separated by
      chromatography on either heparin-Sepharose or N-desulphated, N-acetylated heparin
      Sepharose into at least two related lipases which differed in their ability to
      hydrolyse HDL-2 phosphatidylcholine, but not in their ability to degrade mono
      oleoylglycerol, trioleoylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine in emulsions. The
      sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)/polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoretic patterns of
      heparin perfusates purified on either normal or N-desulphated N-acetylated
      heparin-Sepharose were the same, despite differences in their ability to degrade
      HDL-2 phosphatidylcholine. There was a single band of Mr 56000 without 2
      mercaptoethanol in the SDS disruption buffer and three major bands, of Mr 62000,
      59000 and 56000, with 2-mercaptoethanol present. When mono-oleoylglycerol lipase
      was purified 161-fold, there was a concomitant enrichment of the Mr-56000
      protein.

PMID- 4038272
TI  - Comparison of human lactoferrins from milk and neutrophilic leucocytes. Relative
      molecular mass, isoelectric point, iron-binding properties and uptake by the
      liver.
AB  - Human lactoferrins isolated from neutrophilic leucocytes and milk by CM-Sephadex
      chromatography were similar in Mr (76000) and pI (8.7). Upon acidification, both
      proteins released their two Fe3+ ions/molecule in a similar biphasic way. Both
      proteins intravenously injected into mice were cleared from plasma at the same
      rate. The maximal uptakes by the liver, which occurred 5 min after injection,
      were inhibited to the same extent by milk lactoferrin used as a competitor.

PMID- 4038273
TI  - Inositol phosphate formation in fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated human neutrophils does
      not require an increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration.
AB  - The accumulation of inositol phosphates in myo-[3H]inositol-labelled human
      neutrophils stimulated with the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe was measured.
      The challenge with the chemotactic peptide caused the generation of inositol
      monophosphate (InsP), inositol bisphosphate (InsP2) and inositol trisphosphate
      (InsP3). The formation of the three inositol phosphates followed a differential
      time course: InsP3 accumulated very rapidly and transiently, whereas InsP
      increased steadily for more than 2 min. Inositol phosphate formation was only
      partially decreased by procedures which prevented the fMet-Leu-Phe-dependent
      increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration.

PMID- 4038274
TI  - Structure of heparin-derived tetrasaccharides.
AB  - The structure of heparin was examined by characterizing a disaccharide and five
      of the more than a dozen tetrasaccharide components obtained by its
      depolymerization with flavobacterial heparinase. Enzymic depolymerization of
      porcine mucosal heparin results in a mixture of di-, tetra-, hexa- and higher
      oligo-saccharides. The di- and tetra-saccharide components represent 75mol/100mol
      of these heparin fragments. Ion-exchange chromatography indicates the presence of
      only one disaccharide, deltaIdu2S(1----4)-alpha-D-GlcNS6S (where Idu is iduronic
      acid, deltaIdu is 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid, GlcN is
      glucosamine, GlcA is glucuronic acid and S is sulphate), but results in the
      isolation of five major and at least seven minor tetrasaccharide components. The
      structures of the disaccharide and five major tetrasaccharides were determined by
      chemical, enzymic, electrophoretic and spectroscopic methods, including 13C, 1H
      n.m.r. and fast atom bombardment-m.s. The structure of these five
      tetrasaccharides are: delta Idu2S(1----4)-alpha-D-GlcNS6S(1---4)-alpha-L-Idu2S(1-
      --4)-alpha -D-GlcNS6S; delta Idu2S(1----4)-alpha-D-GlcNS6S(1----4)-beta-D-GlcA(1
      -- -4)- alpha-D-GlcNS6S; delta Idu2S(1----4)-alpha-D-GlcNS(1----4)-beta-D-GlcA
      delta Idu2S(1----4)-alpha-D-GlcNAc(1----4)-beta-D-GlcA(1----4)- alpha-D-GlcNS6S;
      and delta Idu2S(1----4)-alpha- D-GlcNAc(1----4)-alpha-L-Idu(1----4)-alpha-D
      GlcNS6S. Biological activity for the disaccharide and the five major
      tetrasaccharides was examined, and none of them were found to possess significant
      anticoagulant activity.

PMID- 4038275
TI  - Protection of rats by clofibrate against the hypoglycaemic and toxic effects of
      hypoglycin and pent-4-enoate. An ultrastructural and biochemical study.
AB  - An ultrastructural and biochemical study of the toxic and hypoglycaemic effects
      of hypoglycin and pent-4-enoate was made on the livers of normal and clofibrate
      fed rats. Injection of hypoglycin to rats doubles (from 22% to 44%) the volume
      fraction of mitochondria and decreases (from 1.05% to 0.26%) the volume fraction
      of peroxisomes in hepatocytes. The fast-acting toxin pent-4-enoate causes few
      ultrastructural changes except for the accumulation of lipids. In male adult rats
      fed with 0.5% clofibrate in their diet for 1-2 months, the volume fraction
      occupied by peroxisomes and mitochondria in hepatocytes rose to 6.26% and 29.5%
      respectively. Clofibrate feeding apparently protected the animals against the
      toxic, hypoglycaemic and hypothermic effects of hypoglycin and of pent-4-enoate,
      and completely prevented the ultrastructural damage caused by hypoglycin. After
      hypoglycin administration, hepatic mitochondrial butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
      activity was inhibited by more than 90% and, surprisingly, the activity of the
      peroxisomal enzymes studied was largely preserved. When hypoglycin was given to
      rats fed on a clofibrate-containing diet, the oxidation of decanoylcarnitine,
      which was incomplete after hypoglycin treatment alone, remained incomplete with
      uncoupled mitochondria, but became apparently complete with coupled mitochondria.
      In the latter condition, there was a slowing of the rate during the last quarter
      of the pulse of oxygen uptake. Further, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity was
      much less affected by hypoglycin in clofibrate-fed animals. Pent-4-enoate does
      not inhibit beta-oxidation in coupled mitochondria from clofibrate-treated rats.

PMID- 4038276
TI  - Urinary excretion of isomers of biliverdin after destruction in vivo of
      haemoproteins and haemin.
AB  - The amount and isomeric composition of urinary biliverdin in rabbits were
      analysed by h.p.l.c. Physiological values were maintained after the injection of
      haemin. On the other hand, when haemoglobins from several mammalian species were
      injected into rabbits, the excretion of biliverdin-IX alpha and biliverdin-IX
      beta were increased 6-18-fold and 32-66-fold respectively over physiological
      excretion. Injection of myoglobin resulted in a 44-fold increase in excretion of
      the IX alpha-isomer. Coupled oxidation with ascorbate of haemoglobin and
      myoglobin by oxygen produced mainly the IX alpha- and IX beta-isomers from
      haemoglobin and the IX alpha-isomer from myoglobin. The destruction of part of
      the haem from injected haemoproteins by non-enzymic chemical degradation would
      account for the observed respective increases in the excretion of biliverdin
      isomers. The excretion of biliverdin isomers after the injection of
      phenylhydrazine into rabbits was similar to that after the injection of
      haemoglobin.

PMID- 4038277
TI  - Structure of covalent insulin-receptor complexes (I-S-S-R) in isolated rat
      adipocytes and human placental membranes.
AB  - The structure of naturally-formed covalent disulphide-linked complexes between
      insulin and its receptor was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. To prevent destabilization of disulphide bonds at alkaline
      pH the standard discontinuous electrophoresis conditions were changed to a
      continuous buffer system at pH 7.0. 125I-insulin was first bound to either rat
      adipocytes or human placental membranes for 10 min at 37 degrees C. After
      washing, non-dissociable radioactivity was extracted from cells or membranes in
      Triton X-100 and immunoprecipitated with an antiserum (B-2) to the insulin
      receptor. Electrophoresis of the immune precipitate revealed the two smaller of
      the three reported species of native insulin receptor (Mr values approx. 350 000,
      290 000 and 260 000); in addition, a species of Mr 200 000 was also frequently
      observed in adipocytes. When non-dissociable 125I-insulin was chemically
      crosslinked to adipocytes or placental membranes, prior to solubilization and
      immunoprecipitation, all three species of the native receptor were labelled;
      after reduction, only a single species of Mr 130000 was observed. These findings
      indicate that disulphide exchange of insulin occurs with the Mr 130000 (alpha)
      binding subunit within partially reduced species of the native, oligomeric
      receptor. The degree of disulphide binding of insulin could therefore depend on
      the relative abundance of partially reduced receptor species and on the redox
      state of the cell membrane.

PMID- 4038278
TI  - Alterations in fucosyl oligosaccharides of glycoproteins during rat liver
      regeneration.
AB  - [3H]Fucose-labelled glycopeptides in the slices of liver 24h after partial
      hepatectomy were fractionated on Sephadex G-50. Glycopeptides from regenerating
      liver contained a higher proportion of lower-Mr components than did controls.
      Regenerating liver contained a higher proportion of glycopeptides that were bound
      to concanavalin A-Sepharose and were subsequently eluted with 20mM-methyl alpha-D
      glucopyranoside than did controls. Concanavalin A-bound glycopeptides from each
      source were entirely bound to a lentil lectin-Sepharose column. Both the
      concanavalin A-bound and -unbound fractions from regenerating liver were
      indistinguishable from the respective controls by Bio-Gel P6 column
      chromatography and neuraminidase digestion. These results show that fucosyl
      glycopeptides from regenerating liver contain a higher proportion of biantennary
      species with core fucose residues than do controls. Glycopeptides from
      regenerating livers 12h, 72h and 144h after partial hepatectomy were also
      examined; however, the difference was not significant. These observations suggest
      that the alterations in fucosyl glycopeptides may be related to rapid growth of
      hepatocytes 24h after partial hepatectomy. No significant difference was found in
      either [3H]mannose- or [3H]fucose-labelled glycoproteins from regenerating liver
      and from controls by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis,
      suggesting that the alteration in glycopeptides should depend on some differences
      in the late stage of oligosaccharide processing.

PMID- 4038282
TI  - FEBS advanced course. Mathematical modeling of cellular processes. October 29
      November 2, 1984.

PMID- 4038280
TI  - Metabolism of glycine- and hydroxyproline-containing peptides by the isolated
      perfused rat kidney.
AB  - Isolated perfused rat kidneys removed considerable quantities of glycyltyrosine,
      glycylhydroxyproline, tetraglycine and prolylhydroxyproline from the perfusate.
      The component amino acids are released into the perfusate and, in the case of the
      glycine-containing peptides, there is increased synthesis of serine. Removal of
      peptides was more than could be accounted for on the basis of filtration, so
      antiluminal metabolism is indicated. Metabolism of such peptides by the kidney
      may contribute to renal serine synthesis in vivo.

PMID- 4038279
TI  - Transcytosis and paracellular movements of horseradish peroxidase across liver
      parenchymal tissue from blood to bile. Effects of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate
      and colchicine.
AB  - The pathways for the entry of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into bile have been
      investigated using the isolated perfused rat liver operating under one-pass
      conditions. Following a 1 min one-pass infusion of HRP, two peaks of HRP activity
      were noted in the bile. The first, at 5-7 min post-infusion, correlated with the
      biliary secretion of the [3H]methoxyinulin which was infused simultaneously with
      the HRP. The second peak of HRP activity occurred at 20-25 min, and correlated
      with the biliary secretion of 125I-IgA, which was also infused simultaneously
      with the HRP. If the isolated livers were perfused with a medium containing 2.5
      microM-colchicine, the biliary secretion of IgA and the second secretion peak of
      HRP were inhibited by 60%. If rats were pretreated for 12h with alpha
      naphthylisothiocyanate (25mg/100g body wt.) prior to liver isolation, the biliary
      secretion of [3H]methoxyinulin and the first secretion peak of HRP were
      increased. Taken together, these results suggest that HRP enters the bile via two
      routes. The faster route, which was increased by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate and
      correlated with [3H]methoxyinulin entry into bile, was probably paracellular,
      involving diffusion across tight junctions. The slower route, which was inhibited
      by colchicine and correlated with the secretion of IgA, was probably due to
      transcytosis, possibly within IgA and other transport vesicles.

PMID- 4038281
TI  - Kinetics of enzymes requiring long-chain acyl-CoA esters as substrates: effects
      of substrate binding to albumin.

PMID- 4038283
TI  - Thermodynamics of self-organization and evolution.

PMID- 4038284
TI  - Mathematics of organizationally complex systems.
AB  - Our approach to the development of an appropriate formalism for organizationally
      complex systems has been to search for a general formalism that would retain the
      essential nonlinear features (at least in approximate form) and yet would be
      amenable to mathematical analysis. The power-law formalism, described in detail
      elsewhere, leads naturally to a system of nonlinear differential equations, which
      is called an "S-system" because it captures the saturable and synergistic
      properties intrinsic to biological and other organizationally complex systems.
      Some of the advantages of this formalism and its implications for complex systems
      are discussed. Although the power-law formalism was originally developed as an
      "approximation", there are now several examples of "exact" representation by S
      systems. In fact, a wide range of nonlinear equations can be recast in the form
      of S-systems. Such recasting and the use of algorithms optimized for S-systems
      greatly improves the efficiency of solution over that obtainable with
      conventional algorithms.

PMID- 4038285
TI  - On optimum properties in the design of metabolic and epigenetic systems.
AB  - The actual potential of a metabolic system is determined by its enzyme
      "spectrum", i.e. the amount of the various enzymes present. The paper addresses
      the problem whether this spectrum can be designed in accordance with a general
      principle. The long prehistory of selection of any real metabolic system suggests
      the optimal adaptation to a given set of selection criteria as a possible design
      principle. It is shown that not every (bio)chemical reactor automatically
      displays an optimal construction in this sense, but metabolic systems are
      structured such that they can do so. Structural features that lead to optimizable
      dynamics include: kinetic autocatalysis, stoichiometric autocatalysis,
      competition for the allocation of biosynthetic capacity, required economy in
      external resources of the system, and competition of systems for common nutrients
      or other resources. In these circumstances the enzyme spectrum has a distinct
      optimum that can be approached by stepwise adaptation and selection.

PMID- 4038286
TI  - Compartmental analysis: theoretical aspects and application.
AB  - The basic equations governing the kinetics of metabolic compartmental systems are
      presented. The most difficult problem in compartmental analysis is the so-called
      inverse problem which is the estimation of model parameters from experimental
      data. Two examples are considered how to tackle this problem. The first example
      concerns the distribution of isotopic carbon atoms in the citric acid cycle.
      Starting from a matrix formulation of the problem the major steps are outlined
      towards an analytical solution for this rather complex system. An application of
      the theoretical approach to the citric acid cycle of rabbit reticulocytes is
      given. The second problem deals with the kinetic characterization of biochemical
      reactions proceeding at the same time in different physiological spaces with
      different rates. Such a situation is, for example, the infection of red blood
      cells by malaria parasites. Both the host cell and the parasite possess the
      complete glycolytic pathway. A theoretical approach is proposed to estimate the
      flux rates through this pathway separately for each of the two spaces when only
      the total rates and metabolite concentrations are available as experimental data.

PMID- 4038287
TI  - A theory of alternative designs for biochemical control systems.
AB  - Any theory of alternative designs must include (a) an appropriate language for
      describing alternatives, (b) methods of analysis for relating system behavior to
      changes in design elements, and (c) methods for critically comparing the behavior
      of alternatives. Over the past two decades we have been reasonably successful in
      developing a theory of alternative designs that meets these basic requirements.
      The language for describing alternatives is provided by the S-system of
      differential equations discussed elsewhere in this volume. The methods of
      analysis consist of adaptations of conventional methods from control theory and
      newly developed algorithms specific for S-systems. The methods for making
      critical comparisons perhaps are less familiar and will be treated in some
      detail. Several applications of this theory to alternative designs for
      biochemical control are reviewed.

PMID- 4038288
TI  - Application of control analysis in studies of regulation of intermediary
      metabolism.

PMID- 4038289
TI  - Stochastic theory of evolution of biochemical networks.

PMID- 4038290
TI  - Efficiency and design of simple metabolic systems.
AB  - A theoretical approach to the explanation of the structural design of metabolic
      pathways is presented. It is based on the hypothesis that due to natural
      selection during evolution the cellular metabolism of present-day organisms may
      be characterized by optimal properties. Two cardinal terms enter the theory: 1)
      the efficiency of metabolic pathways and 2) the evolutionary effort for the
      change of the kinetic parameters of the involved enzymes by mutations of the
      corresponding genes. For both quantities simple mathematical expressions are
      proposed. By maximizing the efficiency under the constraint of a constant
      evolutionary effort the theory allows the calculation of the optimal parameter
      distribution. The theoretical concept is applied to simple metabolic systems
      consisting of monomolecular reactions only. It is shown that in the optimal state
      of the linear enzymatic chain the evolutionary effort is mainly spent on the
      enzymes located at the beginning of the chain. This tendency is more pronounced
      if the kinetic equations of the enzymes are first-order rate laws. With respect
      to Michaelis-Menten enzymes the optimal state is characterized by a decrease of
      the maximal activities and an increase of the fractional saturation of the
      enzymes towards the end of the chain.

PMID- 4038291
TI  - Membrane stability and dynamics of cell shape.

PMID- 4038292
TI  - Bilayer couple as a possible mechanism of biological shape formation.

PMID- 4038293
TI  - Problems in the development of pattern with special reference to positional
      information in limb morphogenesis.

PMID- 4038294
TI  - Mathematical modeling of immobilized enzyme systems.
AB  - We model the interaction of reaction and diffusion in immobilized enzyme systems
      by P.D.E.s or simpler equations. We present models with only one steady state,
      others with multiple steady states (in particular one related to morphogenesis)
      and some with periodic solutions. The usefulness of continuation methods to
      resolve this complexity of behaviors is pointed out.

PMID- 4038295
TI  - A novel oxidation of the carcinogen N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide catalyzed by
      peroxidase/H2O2/Br-.
AB  - N-Hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide, a proximate carcinogenic metabolite of N-2
      fluorenylacetamide, is oxidized largely to 2-nitrosofluorene by lactoperoxidase
      or extract of peroxidative activity of rat uterus in an H2O2- and Br- -dependent
      reaction. Evidence is presented that the oxidizing species includes OBr- (HOBr).
      This novel oxidation may be involved in carcinogenesis by N-arylhydroxamic acids.

PMID- 4038296
TI  - A clover mutant lacking the chlorophyll a- and b-containing protein antenna
      complexes.
AB  - A chlorophyll deficient mutant of clover has been examined by SDS-PAGE,
      spectrophotometric and electron microscopic methods. By a comparison of the
      absorption and first derivative spectra of acetone extracts from the mutant and
      normal biotypes, we observed a deficiency in chlorophyll b for the mutant
      biotype. The calculated chlorophyll a/b ratios, using the method of Arnon (Plant
      Physiol. 24, 1-15, 1949), approached infinity for the mutant whereas it ranged
      from 3.0-3.3 in the wild-type. The low temperature (77 degrees K) fluorescence
      emission bands in the 685-695 nm region could not be differentiated for the
      biotypes; however, the long wavelength emission band (near 740 nm in the wild
      type) was shifted to shorter wavelengths (ca 720-725 nm) in the mutant indicating
      loss of photosystem I antenna. The SDS-PAGE profile of the mutant biotype showed
      a dramatic decline in the Coomassie stained polypeptides of apparent molecular
      weights similar to those of LHC II. Transmission electron micrographs of the
      mutant and normal tissue exhibited similar extents of grana-stacking, indicating
      that a component(s) other than the LHC II may be responsible for membrane
      adhesion in this mutant.

PMID- 4038297
TI  - A further assessment of the sub-nucleosomal product, "peak A", from Physarum
      polycephalum.
AB  - Nuclease digestion studies of Physarum polycephalum nuclei (1-3) and nucleoli (4)
      over the past few years have been centred on a number of modified nucleosomal
      products which have been related to active-gene regions of the genome. We have re
      investigated one such particle, peak A, using the techniques of differential
      melting and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and show that this material is
      unlikely to be a specific histone:DNA complex as suggested by earlier authors.

PMID- 4038298
TI  - In vivo metabolism of topically applied retinol and all-trans retinoic acid by
      the rabbit cornea.
AB  - Corneas of normal and vitamin A-deficient rabbits were treated topically with
      [11, 12-3H] retinol or [11, 12-3H] all-trans retinoic acid. Methanol extracts of
      these corneas were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. Radiolabeled
      compounds were extracted from the corneas which co-migrated chromatographically
      with known retinoid standards. In agreement with studies on other tissues and
      organs, retinol was metabolized to retinoic acid and more polar compounds by
      corneas of normal and vitamin A-deficient rabbits. All-trans retinoic acid was
      isomerized to 13-cis retinoic acid in normal rabbit corneas; however, this trans
      cis isomerization did not occur in vitamin A-deficient, xerophthalmic corneas.

PMID- 4038299
TI  - Tetrameric alkaline phosphatase in human liver plasma membranes.
AB  - Molecular weights of native membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase released by
      butanol and by nonionic detergents were more than twice that of the purified
      dimeric enzyme. Alkaline phosphatase released by phosphatidylinositol-specific
      phospholipase-C was of both high and low molecular weight: the former was a
      protomer of a single protein of the same molecular size as monomeric alkaline
      phosphatase. We conclude that the membrane-bound enzyme is probably a tetramer.

PMID- 4038300
TI  - DNA crosslinking by 3'-(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl)-3'-deaminoadriamycin in HT-29
      human colon carcinoma cells in vitro.
AB  - The Adriamycin analog, 3'-(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl)-3'-deaminoadriamycin, is 100-
      to 1000-fold more active than Adriamycin as an antitumor agent in vivo and in
      vitro. The interaction of 3'-(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl)-3'deaminoadriamycin and
      Adriamycin with DNA has been studied in HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells in
      vitro. The Adriamycin analog produced significant DNA-DNA crosslinking at a drug
      concentration range that resulted in from 1 to 4 logs of cell kill, but did not
      produce any DNA-protein crosslinks. Equitoxic concentrations of Adriamycin
      produced no significant levels of DNA-DNA crosslinks. The formation of DNA-DNA
      crosslinks by the Adriamycin derivative is an additional mechanism of action that
      may account for the high potency of this agent.

PMID- 4038301
TI  - Olfactory, gas chromatographic and mass-spectral analyses of fecal volatiles
      traced to ingested licorice and apple.
AB  - Volatile components of two foodstuffs with characteristic aromas, apple and
      licorice, and fecal samples obtained from subjects on high-apple and licorice
      diets, were analyzed by head-space gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometer. The volatile compounds characteristic of the odors of apple and
      licorice were detected by "sniffing" the GC effluent. The aromatic component of
      licorice was identified by GC-MS as anethole [1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) benzene].
      The aromatic component of apple could not be chemically characterized by our GC
      MS system even though readily detected by the nose. Head-space, GC-MS analysis of
      fecal volatiles offers a means of tracing odorous and non-odorous components to
      ingested foodstuffs with potential applications to clinical and forensic medicine
      and anthropology.

PMID- 4038302
TI  - Comparison of bone inductive proteins of rat and porcine bone matrix.
AB  - Subcutaneous implantation of demineralized bone matrix in allogenic rats induces
      a sequence of events resulting in de novo formation of cartilage, bone and bone
      marrow. In the present study endochondral bone formation by demineralized porcine
      matrix was studied and compared with the rat bone matrix. Endochondral bone
      formation was induced by 4M guanidine hydrochloride fraction IV (less than 50,000
      daltons) of Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration but not by whole extract or by
      demineralized porcine bone matrix. Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration of the
      osteoinductive proteins of fraction IV showed the Porcine osteoinductive factor
      to be associated with protein fraction III (less than 20,000 daltons) whereas the
      rat with fraction II (between 20,000 and 30,000 daltons) of the chromatographic
      profile indicating an apparent difference in molecular weight of the
      osteoinductive factors between these two species.

PMID- 4038303
TI  - Rat mammary gland in culture secretes a stable high molecular weight form of
      cathepsin L.
AB  - Culture medium from rat mammary gland explants was analyzed for the presence of
      cysteine proteinases. In addition to a putative precursor of the lysosomal enzyme
      cathepsin B, a cysteine proteinase with enzymatic properties similar to those
      reported for cathepsin L was found. Further evidence of the cathepsin L-like
      nature of this activity was provided by its high sensitivity towards the
      diazomethane inhibitors Z-Phe-Phe-CHN2 and Z-Phe-Ala-CHN2 and towards leupeptin.
      The secreted form of cathepsin L is distinguished from the lysosomal form by its
      increased stability at alkaline pH and by its larger molecular size. It may thus
      represent an incompletely processed precursor form of the lysosomal enzyme.

PMID- 4038304
TI  - Purification of bromoperoxidase from Corallina pilulifera.
AB  - Bromoperoxidase was purified from the crude extract of Corallina pilulifera
      (Corallinaeae, Rhodophyta) and found to be homogeneous upon disc gel
      electrophoresis by precipitation of ammonium sulfate and sequential column
      chromatographies of DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Sepharose 6B and Cellulofine GC-700m.
      The purified enzyme did not exhibit optical absorption spectra of a hemoprotein.
      Therefore, bromoperoxidase of C. pilulifera was completely distinguishable from
      other haloperoxidases which have heme-irons at the catalytic sites.

PMID- 4038305
TI  - Lack of lignin degradation by glucose oxidase-negative mutants of Phanerochaete
      chrysosporium.
AB  - Glucose oxidase-negative (gox-) mutants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were
      isolated after exposing conidia to UV irradiation. The gox- mutants exhibited
      little or no ability to degrade lignin (2-[14C]-synthetic lignin to 14CO2);
      however, they retained other secondary metabolic features such as the ability to
      conidiate and produce veratryl alcohol, suggesting that they are not pleiotropic
      for secondary metabolism. Lignin degradation activity was restored in gox+
      revertants. These results, in support of earlier evidence, indicate that glucose
      oxidase activity plays an important role in lignin degradation by P.
      chrysosporium.

PMID- 4038306
TI  - Differential effects of Nd-YAG laser on collagen and elastin production by chick
      embryo aortae in vitro. Relevance to laser angioplasty for removal of
      atherosclerotic plaques.
AB  - Aortae from 17-day old chick embryos were subjected to irradiation with a Nd:YAG
      laser at energy densities varying from 1.2 - 4.7 X 10(3) J/cm2. The aortae were
      pulse-labeled in vitro with [3H]proline or [14C]valine, and the synthesis of
      collagenous polypeptides and soluble elastin was examined by SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, followed by fluorography and quantitative scanning
      densitometry. Irradiation of the aortae with Nd:YAG laser resulted in inhibition
      of the synthesis of the extracellular matrix proteins. The production of collagen
      was inhibited to a considerably larger degree than the production of elastin.
      Thus, the biosynthetic pathway for collagen production appears to be more
      susceptible to laser inhibition than the corresponding pathway for elastin
      production. These observations may have relevance to laser angioplasty which has
      been proposed to be applicable for removal of atherosclerotic plaques in human
      vessels. Specifically, the results suggest that inhibition of the extracellular
      matrix production may result in weakening of the vessel wall with subsequent
      aneurysm formation and rupture.

PMID- 4038307
TI  - Occurrence of the Y determinant on the N-glycosidic carbohydrate units of human
      gamma-seminoprotein.
AB  - 500-MHz H-NMR spectroscopy of the oligosaccharides derived from gamma
      seminoprotein, a human seminal plasma glycoprotein, revealed considerable
      microheterogeneity both with respect to the degree of branching and with regard
      to the peripheral sugars. Although the protein possesses only one N-glycosylation
      site, di-, tri- and tetra-antennary glycans in a ratio of 40:15:45 were found to
      be present. Moreover, certain branches of the tri- and tetra-antennas contain one
      or two Fuc residues which form part of the SSEA-1 and Y determinants. It should
      be noted that this is the first report that describes the occurrence and
      localization of the Y determinant, i.e. Fuc alpha (1----2)Gal beta (1----4) [Fuc
      alpha (1----3)]GlcNAc beta (1----.), in an N-glycan of a glycoprotein.

PMID- 4038308
TI  - The role of hexokinase as a possible modulator of Ca2+ movements in isolated rat
      brain mitochondria.
AB  - The present study shows that in brain mitochondria the active calcium uptake and
      the sodium-dependent calcium efflux are modulated by the porin-bound enzyme
      hexokinase. The release of the enzyme, promoted by glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P),
      under conditions which do not affect mitochondrial functions, is accompanied by a
      decrease of the rates of fluxes of the cation. This phenomenon is discussed and
      correlated with the formation of microcompartments between the inner and outer
      mitochondrial membranes, where the hexokinase-porin complex may constitute a
      regulating gate system for calcium.

PMID- 4038309
TI  - Production of anti-sporozoite antibodies in absence of response to carrier by
      coupling an MDP derivative to a malaria peptide-tetanus toxoid conjugate.
AB  - A synthetic peptide (pep) representing a portion of the Plasmodium knowlesi
      circumsporozoite protein attached to a tetanus toxoid (TT) carrier, has been
      shown to be immunogenic when delivered in saline with derivatives of the
      synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The present study was designed to
      determine if the degree of substitution of pep and of MDP derivatives on the
      tetanus toxoid (TT) carrier, as well as the choice of MDP derivative used play a
      role in determining anti-pep and anti-TT antibody levels. One of the MDP
      derivatives used in the conjugates was epsilon-amino-caproic Murabutide, since
      Murabutide which is currently in clinical trials cannot be conjugated. The
      results show that low doses of this derivative coupled with pep on TT can be used
      to stimulate high levels of circulating anti-pep antibodies without augmenting
      the anti-carrier response. In addition, anti-pep antibodies elicited in response
      to one of the conjugates were biologically active since they produced shedding of
      the circumsporozoite coat of live parasites.

PMID- 4038310
TI  - Increase of the Fe effective charge in hemoproteins during oxygenation process.
AB  - The x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of hemoglobin and
      myoglobin have been measured at the wiggler beam line of the Frascati Synchrotron
      Radiation Facility. The energy shifts of the iron absorption jump edge and the
      chemical shifts of the bound excited state at threshold of 1s core excitations,
      going from deoxygenated to oxygenated form, are interpreted as evidence of some
      increase of the positive effective charge on the iron atom upon oxygenation.

PMID- 4038311
TI  - Disturbance of methyl group metabolism in alloxan-diabetic sheep.
AB  - Alloxan-induced diabetes results in changes in the activities of a number of
      enzymes related to methyl group metabolism in sheep. Decreases in the activities
      of phospholipid methyltransferase and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase in
      diabetic sheep liver indicate a reduced rate of choline synthesis and oxidation.
      A 65-fold increase in the activity of glycine methyltransferase and a 4-fold rise
      in the activity of gamma-cystathionase in diabetic sheep liver with elevated
      urinary excretion of cyst(e)ine suggest that catabolism of the methyl group of
      methionine and homocysteine was enhanced in the diabetic state.

PMID- 4038312
TI  - Evidence for alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase monomer activity with the aid of
      enzyme immobilization.
AB  - Immobilization of pigeon breast muscle alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase on CNBr
      activated Sepharose 4B was carried out. Conditions for dissociation of the
      dimeric enzyme bound to the carrier via a single subunit were determined.
      Immobilized enzyme monomers with a specific activity higher than that of the
      dimer were obtained. The immobilized subunits are capable of reassociating with
      the soluble ones; this is accompanied by the restoration of the initial amount of
      the matrix-bound protein and the reconstitution of the activity typical of the
      immobilized enzyme original preparations.

PMID- 4038313
TI  - Study of properties of phosphorylase kinase using hydrophobic chromatography.
AB  - The structure of nonactivated and activated forms of phosphorylase kinase has
      been investigated. The enzyme activation was achieved by phosphorylation with
      cAMP-dependent protein kinase as well as by incubation of the enzyme in an
      alkaline medium (pH 8.8). For structural comparison of the enzymic forms,
      hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose and polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis were used. It has been shown that the enzyme activation results
      in a release of a low molecular weight component (Mr 16 000). The properties of
      this component resemble those of calmodulin. Evidence for the formation of an
      unstable nonactivated phosphorylase kinase - calmodulin complex may be important
      for the correct understanding of the mechanism of enzyme activation.

PMID- 4038314
TI  - Regulation of bacteriophage mu and mini-mu DNA replication in vivo.
AB  - To study the regulation of bacteriophage Mu DNA's integrative-replication
      (transposition) during lytic growth in a cell containing both a Mu and a helper
      dependent Mini-Mu (short, internally-deleted Mu genome), we placed "marker" genes
      (bla, lacZ) within either genome and then measured their encoded enzymes as
      indicators of the gene dosage. These results, corroborated using DNA-DNA
      hybridization, show that Mu and Mini-Mu DNA transposition is well regulated,
      requires both the Mu A and B gene products, and can be readily monitored by
      measuring beta-galactosidase and beta-lactamase expressed from the lacZ and bla
      genes, respectively.

PMID- 4038315
TI  - Thermophilic NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus.
AB  - A rapid purification procedure for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus var calidolactis was developed. The homogeneous enzyme with a
      total molecular weight of approximately 240,000 daltons, contained 6 identical
      subunits. No high molecular weight form of GDH present in crude extracts was
      found after elution of the enzyme from a 5'AMP-Sepharose column with 4 M urea.
      The purified enzyme functions in both directions i.e. amination and deamination
      and is strictly specific for NAD. 2-Oxo glutarate, glutamate or 2-mercaptoethanol
      protects against heat inactivation. NADH or ammonia, on the other hand, makes GDH
      more sensitive to heat. The purified enzyme undergoes thermal inactivation
      process.

PMID- 4038316
TI  - A new plot for the kinetic analysis of dead-end enzyme inhibitors.
AB  - A new procedure to characterize reversible dead-end inhibitors is presented.
      Preliminary identification of the inhibitor type is made by plotting vo/vi
      against the inhibitor concentration at different substrate concentrations. The
      inhibition constants for competitive, uncompetitive and mixed dead-end inhibitors
      are determined by secondary plots of l/(slope) vs [S], l/(slope) vs l/[S] and
      (slope)(Ks + [S] vs [S] respectively. These secondary plots render straight lines
      only for their corresponding type of inhibitor. For noncompetitive inhibitors all
      the secondary plots used yield straight lines. Therefore, the application of this
      plotting procedure leads to unambiguous diagnosis of the inhibitor type. An
      important feature of the procedure presented here is that the variable used
      (vo/vi) is independent on Vmax values. Therefore, experimental values obtained
      from enzyme preparations showing significant differences in their specific
      activities -i.e. enzyme coming from different purification steps- can be used.

PMID- 4038317
TI  - Biochemical characterization of five glycoprotein molecules of the porcine zona
      pellucida.
AB  - Five glycoproteinmolecules with the molecular masses of 17 000; 38 000; 42 000;
      50 000 and 67 000 were purified by high performance liquid chromatography
      following solubilization of isolated porcine zonae pellucidae by treatment with
      lithium-3,5-diiodosalicylate. The N-terminal amino acid residues were identified
      as arginine for 67 000, alanine for 50 000, arginine for 42 000, alanine for 38
      000 and histidine for 17 000. The glycopeptides 42 000 and 17 000 were found to
      be rich on carbohydrates and 67 000 contained 7, 16% sialic acids. The latter
      moieties were tentatively identified as 5-N-acetylneuraminic acid, 5-N
      glycolylneuraminic acid and 5-N-acetyl-7,8,9 tri-O-acetylneuraminic acid. The
      five components of the zona were resolved by thin layer chromatography in a
      solvent system of propanol/butanol/HCl (2:1:1) and showed Rf-values of 0.17,
      0.42, 0.46, 0.50 and 0.55 respectively. The glycoprotein with the molecular mass
      of 38 000 possesses spermatozoal receptor properties. This receptor molecule
      showed a pI of 5.9 upon isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 4038318
TI  - Elevated phosphate transporting activity and phosphate carrier content in
      mitochondria of rat hepatoma with high glycolytic capacity.
AB  - Transport of inorganic phosphate into Zajdela hepatoma mitochondria proceeds with
      approximately the same Km and about two times higher Vmax than the transport into
      mitochondria of rat liver. As detected by (a) titration of the inhibition of
      mitochondrial phosphate-stimulated respiration and phosphate-induced swelling by
      mersalyl and (b) binding of /14C/-NEM and /14C/-DCCD to a 33 kDa protein in
      mitochondria, the higher phosphate transporting activity of the hepatoma
      mitochondria is due to about a three fold increase in phosphate carrier content
      in the tumor mitochondria.

PMID- 4038319
TI  - Role of aspartate residues in the cardiac stimulatory activity of anthopleurin-A.
AB  - Modification of the polypeptide anthopleurin-A with a carbodiimide and glycine
      ethyl ester leads to the addition of nearly two Gly to AP-A. Limited amino acid
      sequence analysis shows that modification occurs principally at Asp-7 and Asp-9.
      The modified derivative shows no cardiac stimulatory activity. 1H nuclear
      magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectra of the derivative show that its
      conformation is significantly altered. Thus, the Asp residues are essential for
      the cardiac stimulatory activity of AP-A, as well as for maintaining its native
      conformation.

PMID- 4038320
TI  - 14C labelling of octulose bisphosphates by L-type pentose pathway reactions in
      liver in situ and in vitro.
AB  - The complete reaction sequence of the pentose pathway in vitro was studied by
      incubating [1-14C] ribose 5-phosphate with rat liver enzyme preparation and
      assessed by both the rate and extent of formation of the glucose 6-P product. The
      reactions formed, as intermediates, the 1,8-bisphosphates of D-glycero D-ido
      octulose (D-g D-i Oct) and D-glycero D-altro octulose, both heavily labelled at C
      4 with 14C isotope during the 12h incubation. The formation of the octulose
      phosphates and the specificity of their isotopic labelling confirms an important
      prediction of, and contribution by reactions of the L-type pentose phosphate
      pathway (L-PP) in liver in vitro. Infusion in situ of [6-14C] glucose into the
      liver of the anaesthetized rabbit resulted in the formation of high specific
      activity [8-14C] D-g D-i Oct 1,8-P2. The specificity of labelling indicates that
      the octulose intermediate is formed according to the options of the L-PP
      mechanism of glucose metabolism in intact liver.

PMID- 4038321
TI  - Iron chelation by pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and analogues in hepatocytes
      in culture.
AB  - Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) and several analogues were synthesized
      and assessed in the rat hepatocyte culture for their potential in iron chelation
      therapy. Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and pyridoxal benzoyl hydrazone were
      as effective as desferrioxamine (DFO) in reducing both net uptake of rat
      transferrin-59Fe and incorporation into ferritin by hepatocytes. Dialysis studies
      showed that this was due to a cellular action and not to the extracellular
      chelation of transferrin-bound 59Fe. The analogues of PIH were more effective in
      mobilization studies than PIH and DFO, releasing more 59Fe from ferritin as well
      as from the stroma-mitochondrial membranes in hepatocytes prelabelled using
      transferrin-59Fe. Chelator action was dependent on incubation time,
      concentration, temperature and lipophilicity. Pyridoxal benzoyl hydrazone, the
      most effective iron chelator, was also the most lipophilic, suggesting that
      access to cellular iron compartments as well as iron-binding affinity is
      important in effective iron chelation.

PMID- 4038322
TI  - Modification of pulmonary metabolism of noradrenaline in experimental obstructive
      jaundice.
AB  - The pulmonary metabolism of noradrenaline (NA) was measured in lungs removed from
      3 day sham-operated rats and from rats whose bile ducts had been ligated 3 days
      earlier (BDL). The pulmonary metabolism of NA as measured by a single clearance
      of the radio-labelled 14C-amine was significantly increased in lungs excised from
      BDL rats as compared to that measured in the sham-operated rats. The change in
      metabolism was associated with an alteration in the pulmonary uptake of NA and
      not with the activities of the enzymes monoamine oxidase types A and B and
      catechol-O-methyl transferase. Moreover, it was not correlated with rises in the
      bilirubin or cholesterol concentrations in the serum of the BDL rats and occurred
      independent of any changes in pulmonary pressure. In a second series of
      experiments, the evolution of this abnormality over the period of one to six days
      postoperative was investigated. In the sham-operated rats, there was no
      significant change in the pulmonary metabolism of NA even by the sixth day. In
      contrast, there were time-dependent increases from one to six days in these
      metabolic processes in BDL rats with the highest values being at six days. In
      contrast, the serum concentrations of bilirubin and cholesterol and activities of
      the enzymes, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase all rose to their
      maximum by the fourth day and thereafter declined. Although serum albumin levels
      fell significantly in BDL rats they were not significantly different from sham
      controls. Thus, change in pulmonary metabolism of NA with obstructive jaundice
      increases with time from one to six days and it not related to the blood chemical
      changes of biliary obstruction or hepatic synthetic function.

PMID- 4038323
TI  - Inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei brucei peptidyl transferase activity by
      sparsomycin analogs and effects on trypanosome protein synthesis and
      proliferation.
AB  - Peptidyl transferase activity of Trypanosoma brucei brucei polyribosomes was
      competitively inhibited by analogs of sparsomycin (Ki = 1-100 microM). The
      analogs were also potent inhibitors of [3H]-leucine and [3H]mannose incorporation
      into the proteins of intact trypanosomes with little or no effect on overall
      respiratory rate, suggesting a specific site of action for these analogs on
      protein synthesis. The peptidyl transferase inhibitors were effective at low
      concentrations at limiting the proliferation of trypanosomes both in vitro and in
      vivo. The potency of the compounds as inhibitors of cell proliferation was
      positively correlated with their efficacy as inhibitors of peptidyl transferase
      activity. One compound, MDL 20828 (1 mg/kg), increased the survival time of T. b.
      brucei-infected mice 4-fold in the absence of any overt drug toxicity to the
      hosts.

PMID- 4038324
TI  - In vitro metabolism of diethylstilbestrol by hepatic, renal and uterine
      microsomes of rats and hamsters. Effects of different inducers.
AB  - In order to elucidate possible differences in the metabolism of the synthetic
      estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) by target and non-target tissues for DES
      carcinogenicity, the biotransformation of [14C]DES has been studied in vitro with
      hepatic and renal microsomes of male and female hamsters and rats, and from
      hamster and rat uterus. Of these tissues, only the male hamster kidney is
      susceptible to the carcinogenic effect of DES. Moreover, the effect of various
      inducers on the in vitro metabolism of DES has been investigated. It was found
      that male hamster kidney microsomes produced a markedly different pattern of DES
      metabolites as compared to renal microsomes from female hamster or male and
      female rats. Pretreatment with phenobarbital markedly increased oxidative DES
      metabolism by renal microsomes from female rat but not from male rat.
      Diethylstilbestrol metabolism by hepatic microsomes was different between hamster
      and rat, but was not sex-dependent and could not be significantly affected by
      pretreatment with phenobarbital, DES, 3-methylcholanthrene and 7:8-benzoflavone.
      The differences in DES metabolism between target and non-target organs and its
      modulation by inducers may help to gain further insight into the mechanism of DES
      tumorigenesis.

PMID- 4038325
TI  - The effects of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on membrane-associated
      calcium in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils.
AB  - Several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIAs) (flufenamate,
      flurbiprofen, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, piroxicam and salicylate), one anti
      inflammatory steroid (hydrocortisone) and three compounds known to affect
      cellular calcium metabolism [nifedipine, calcium ionophore A23187, 8
      (diethylamino)octyl 3,4,5,-trimethoxy benzoate hydrochloride (TMB-8)] were tested
      for their effects on membrane-associated calcium in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils
      using the fluorescent probe chlortetracycline (CTC). The NSAIAs reduced the level
      of fluorescence attained by incubating neutrophils with CTC, and caused an
      immediate reduction in the fluorescence of CTC-loaded neutrophils, both effects
      being concentration-related. Nifedipine, A23187 and TMB-8 also reduced the
      fluorescence of CTC-loaded cells. However, these measured reductions in
      fluorescence were due in whole or in part to a drug-induced drop in the
      autofluorescence of the neutrophils. After applying a correction factor which
      took account of this effect there was still an immediate concentration-related
      reduction in CTC-dependent fluorescence after the addition of all the NSAIAs.
      A23187 also caused a reduction in CTC fluorescence, but nifedipine, TMB-8 and
      hydrocortisone were inactive. Flufenamate, indomethacin and piroxicam reduced the
      drop in fluorescence brought about by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
      (FMLP). These findings suggest that NSAIAs and A23187 displace membrane
      associated calcium. Electron microscopical findings confirm that indomethacin and
      salicylate both affect membrane-associated calcium. Using the fluorescent probe
      Quin 2, an attempt was made to determine whether or not the displacement of
      membrane-associated calcium by NSAIAs was accompanied by changes in cytoplasmic
      calcium ion concentration. This was unsuccessful, however, since the effects of
      the NSAIAs on the fluorescence of Quin 2-loaded neutrophils was accounted for
      almost entirely by their effects on the autofluorescence of the cells.

PMID- 4038326
TI  - In vitro formation of codeinone from codeine by rat or guinea pig liver
      homogenate and its acute toxicity in mice.
AB  - In vitro metabolism of codeine was investigated by using a 9000 g supernatant
      fraction of rat or guinea pig liver homogenate. When a mixture of [N-14CH3] and
      [C-6-3H]codeine was incubated with the rat liver 9000 g supernatant fraction in
      the presence of NAD, formation of codeinone, morphine and norcodeine was
      detected. Replacement of NAD with NADP abolished only the formation of codeinone.
      On the other hand, when the guinea pig liver homogenate was used in the presence
      of NAD, codeinone was the main metabolite of codeine. NADP was also ineffective
      in forming codeinone with the guinea pig liver homogenate. The acute toxicity of
      codeinone was thirty times higher than that of codeine. The roles of codeinone as
      a metabolic intermediate and in the acute toxicity of codeine are discussed.

PMID- 4038327
TI  - Trypanosomatid iron-superoxide dismutase inhibitors. Selectivity and mechanism of
      N1,N6-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-1,6-diaminohexane.
AB  - Crithidia, like trypanosomes and leishmania, has an iron-containing superoxide
      dismutase. The iron chelator N1,N6-bis (dihydroxybenzoyl)-1,6-diaminohexane
      proved to be a potent inhibitor of this enzyme. Inhibition of the crithidial
      superoxide dismutase by this compound was dependent on the presence of oxygen and
      associated with the formation of a complex which could not be dissociated by gel
      filtration chromatography. We propose that this biscatecholic inhibitor is first
      oxidized to a quinone which then covalently modifies a nucleophilic residue on
      the enzyme. This compound was less effective as an inhibitor of a mammalian
      copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase. Thus, this inhibitor could
      serve as a prototype for the design of antiparasitic agents.

PMID- 4038328
TI  - Effects of antimicrotubule agents on phospholipid metabolism in rat hepatic
      subcellular membranes.
AB  - Treatment of animals with antimicrotubule drugs has been shown to cause a
      perplexing variety of cellular changes which, theoretically, could be the result
      of changes in endomembrane biosynthesis, composition or flow. In the current
      study we have focused on this possibility by identifying antimicrotubule drug
      induced changes in the phospholipid metabolism of hepatic subcellular membranes.
      Young adult rats were pretreated with radiolabeled [32 P]orthophosphate for 12
      hr, and subsequently given saline, colchicine (2.5 mg/kg body wt) or vinblastine
      (20 mg/kg body wt) for 4 additional hr. Afterwards, the livers were homogenized,
      and separate microsomal and Golgi membrane fractions were prepared and subjected
      to phospholipid extraction and identification using two-dimensional thin-layer
      chromatography. The results show that colchicine and vinblastine given in vivo
      caused specific, rapid and in some cases, dramatic changes in phospholipid
      turnover in different membrane fractions of rat liver. The drugs specifically
      increased labeling of phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate and
      phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate and decreased the radioactivity associated
      with phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol in
      all fractions examined. In contrast, the antimicrotubule drugs produced a
      differential effect on the labeling pattern of sphingomyelin and
      lysophosphatidylcholine, i.e. they stimulated labeling of these phospholipids in
      microsomes, produced no changes in heavy Golgi fractions, and markedly increased
      their labeling in light Golgi fractions. These data suggest that antimicrotubule
      drugs restrict the incorporation of certain precursor phospholipids into forming
      membranes but do not affect the subsequent metabolism of these phospholipids. At
      the same time, the drugs appear to retard the flow of membranes from one cellular
      compartment to another.

PMID- 4038329
TI  - 16 alpha-Iodo-testosterone: chemical synthesis and evaluation as a potential
      radiopharmaceutical.
AB  - The chemical synthesis and characterization, including 1H NMR, of 16 alpha-iodo
      androstenedione and 16 alpha-iodo-testosterone are described. Each has been
      synthesized with 125I and tested in rats in vivo for accumulation in androgen
      dependent tissues over a 24 hr time course. Neither compound was accumulated in
      prostate against the blood gradient of normal or 24 hr castrate animals. The
      metabolism, subcellular distribution and binding of 16 alpha-[125I]iodo
      testosterone to protein in prostate has also been examined. By comparison with
      data obtained after the administration of [3H]testosterone we conclude that the
      failure of this iodinated androgen to accumulate in androgen dependent tissues
      arises because of its low binding affinity for receptor protein.

PMID- 4038330
TI  - Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by neurotoxic aminonitriles.

PMID- 4038331
TI  - Hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in lung tumor-bearing rats.

PMID- 4038332
TI  - Effect of anticonvulsant drugs in vitro on pineal gland indole metabolism in
      organ culture.

PMID- 4038333
TI  - Immunochemical identification of an irreversibly bound heme-derived adduct to
      cytochrome P-450 following CCl4 treatment of rats.

PMID- 4038334
TI  - In vivo production of ethylene from 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate in mice.
AB  - The use of 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid (KMB), the alpha-keto analog of
      methionine, was studied as a potential means of detecting free radical generation
      in vivo. KMB-dependent ethylene production (presumably from free radical
      interception), and ethane production from in vivo lipid peroxidation, were
      monitored simultaneously by measuring the rate of exhalation of these
      hydrocarbons by mice. Injection of KMB (1 g/kg) into mice resulted in an 8-fold
      increase in ethylene production above endogenous levels seen in saline-injected
      controls (1.47 +/- 0.35 vs 0.17 +/- 0.02 nmoles/100 g/hr respectively).
      Administration of CCl4 (3.0 g/kg) to initiate hepatic lipid peroxidation, 20 min
      prior to KMB injection, augmented the production of ethylene (2.37 +/- 0.10
      nmoles/100 g/hr). Lipid peroxidation following injection of CCl4 was monitored
      via the increased exhalation of ethane. Pretreating the mice with vitamin E (100
      mg/kg daily for 3 days), an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, did not result in a
      significant change in ethylene production from KMB by itself or after prior
      injection of CCl4. However, vitamin E did suppress ethane production initiated by
      CCl4. Similar results were obtained with mouse liver slices studied in vitro.
      Metyrapone (150 mg/kg), an inhibitor of hepatic mixed function oxidase activity,
      also suppressed significantly the CCl4-stimulated production of ethane, but not
      the CCl4-stimulated production of ethylene from KMB. It appears that ethylene
      production from KMB does not derive from free radicals generated during in vivo
      lipid peroxidation since suppression of lipid peroxidation by vitamin E or
      metyrapone did not suppress ethylene production.

PMID- 4038335
TI  - 2-Chloroadenosine, a permeant for the nucleoside transporter.
AB  - Human erythrocytes were shown to possess a saturable uptake mechanism for 2
      chloroadenosine (apparent Km 23 microM, 22 degrees). Uptake by this route was
      inhibited by nitrobenzylthioinosine, uridine and adenosine, but adenine had no
      effect. In addition, uridine caused the countertransport of 2-chloroadenosine and
      vice versa. 2-Chloroadenosine was also shown to be an apparent competitive
      inhibitor of uridine influx (apparent Ki value of 33 microM) and high-affinity
      nitrobenzylthioinosine binding (apparent Ki 0.18 mM). The apparent Ki value for
      inhibition of uridine influx was close to the apparent Km value for 2
      chloroadenosine uptake. Previous studies [Jarvis et al., Biochem. J. 208, 83
      (1982)] have demonstrated that dog erythrocytes do not possess a saturable
      transport system for uridine and adenosine. Similarly, in the present study, the
      entry of 2-chloroadenosine into dog erythrocytes was slow and linear with
      concentration. Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR) had no effect on the uptake of 2
      chloroadenosine into dog erythrocytes. These results demonstrate that 2
      chloroadenosine enters human erythrocytes by the same nucleoside carrier as other
      nucleosides. It is suggested from these data that the previous explanation that
      the inability of nucleoside transport inhibitors to potentiate the
      pharmacological effects of 2-chloroadenosine was due to the failure of the
      nucleoside carrier to accept 2-chloroadenosine as a permeant may have to be
      reassessed.

PMID- 4038336
TI  - DNA damage in normal and neoplastic mouse tissues after treatment with
      misonidazole in vivo.
AB  - Alkaline elution has been used to examine the integrity of DNA isolated from
      various tissues from mice treated with misonidazole (MISO). High doses (1-3 mg/g)
      of MISO caused extensive DNA strand breakage in cells isolated from two
      fibrosarcoma tumors that were known to contain hypoxic cells, and also in cells
      from certain normal tissues (liver and kidney in particular). The incidence of
      strand breaks gives further support to the suggestion that MISO can be
      metabolically nitroreduced beyond the singly reduced nitro radical-anion in some
      normal tissues as well as in hypoxic tumor cells, generating DNA-reactive
      species. Nitroreductases must therefore be able to compete successfully with
      molecular oxygen for the MISO nitro radical-anion in such tissues.

PMID- 4038337
TI  - Inhibition of rat liver hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase by sulfhydryl
      reagents, coenzyme A esters and synthetic compounds.
AB  - The activity of the microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
      was assayed with a procedure based on the extraction of the product
      mevalonolactone in a benzene phase. Diamide is an uncompetitive inhibitor of the
      reaction, while coenzyme A disulfide and tetraethylthiouram disulfide act as non
      competitive inhibitors. Diamide inhibition cooperatively increases with the
      inhibitor concentration. HMG produces a decrease in enzyme activity that combines
      with that of coenzyme A disulfide. Both CoASH and coenzyme A esters strongly
      inhibit the reductase activity. Three new synthetic compounds with either thio
      ether or thio-ester groups also show inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity.

PMID- 4038338
TI  - Evidence for the fatty acid-induced heterogeneity of the N and B conformations of
      human serum albumin.
AB  - The influence of oleic acid on the interaction between albumin and warfarin,
      oxyphenbutazone or diazepam has been studied by circular dichroism and
      equilibrium dialysis. The pH dependences of the molar ellipticity of the drug
      albumin complexes and of the free fraction of drug are completely changed by the
      presence of oleic acid. This phenomenon is attributed to an oleic acid-induced
      conformational change in both the neutral (N) and the basic (B) conformation of
      albumin, a change to which the warfarin-oxyphenbutazone binding area and the
      diazepam binding site is sensitive. The oleic acid-induced conformational states
      of albumin, the so-called N* and B* conformations, show binding properties that
      are different from the binding properties of the N and B conformations.

PMID- 4038339
TI  - Antithrombotic and bleeding effects of a low molecular weight heparin fraction.
AB  - Low molecular weight (LMW) heparin prevents venous thrombosis by potentiating the
      inhibition of coagulation factor Xa. Heparin, however, has other biological
      properties whose role in the prevention of thrombosis is still unknown. The aim
      of our study was to compare the antithrombotic activity of a LMW heparin and its
      parent molecule in an attempt to understand better the mechanism and structural
      requirements for heparin's antithrombotic effect. We studied a preparation of an
      unfractionated pig mucosal heparin pure by any accepted criteria (electrophoresis
      in various systems, conductimetric titration and NMR spectra) and a LMW heparin
      fraction obtained from the former by fractional precipitation with ethanol. Both
      heparins completely prevented thrombus formation in an experimental model of
      stasis-induced venous thrombosis in rats. When administered intravenously to
      rats, the unfractionated heparin had an ex vivo anti-Xa/APTT ratio of 1.67,
      versus 6.60 of the LMW heparin fraction. Unexpectedly, both heparins induced a
      significant prolongation of tail bleeding time, performed by two different
      techniques, the "transection" (mostly exploring blood clotting) and the
      "template" (exploring the platelet/vessel wall interactions). This study suggests
      that, beside anticoagulation, other effects may play a role in both the
      antithrombotic and haemorrhagic effects of some heparins and LMW heparin
      fractions.

PMID- 4038340
TI  - Role of fluroacetate in the toxicity of 2-fluroethylnitrosoureas.
AB  - The possible role of fluroacetate in the toxicity and antitumour activity of the
      fluroethylnitrosoureas, BFNU and FCNU has been studied in CBA mice bearing the
      TLX5 lymphoma either sensitive (TLXS) or resistant (TLXRT) to nitrosoureas.
      Treatment of mice bearing either TLXS or TLXRT tumours with either BFNU or FCNU
      caused an elevation in the citrate levels of heart, kidney and tumour, but not
      the liver, 24 hr after drug administration. Heart citrate levels were maximally
      elevated 10-fold, while the levels in kidney and tumour were increased 3- to 6
      fold. Tissue levels of flurocitrate were determined by glc after conversion to
      the ethyl ester. This showed maximum levels of fluroacetate production in heart,
      with lower levels in kidney, tumour and liver. Treatment of K562 human
      erythroleukaemia cells in vitro with BFNU caused an inhibition in the production
      of 14CO2 from 14C palmitate and [U-14C] glucose. These results suggest that some
      of the effects of the fluroethylnitrosoureas may be related to fluroacetate
      production and the consequent blocking effect on aconitase. This effect is
      probably related more to the generalized toxicity of these agents than to their
      therapeutic efficacy.

PMID- 4038341
TI  - Drug-induced shape change in erythrocytes correlates with membrane potential
      change and is independent of glycocalyx charge.
AB  - The influence of the anionic drugs indomethacin, barbitone, salicylate and the
      cationic drugs chlorpromazine and tetracaine on the morphology of human
      erythrocytes suspended in solutions of different chloride concentration (thus
      altering cell membrane potential) and constant osmolality, has been examined. As
      expected, the anionic and cationic drugs produced echinocytes and stomatocytes
      respectively in 145 mM NaCl. The cationic drugs induced fewer stomatocytes in 60
      mM chloride than in 145 mM chloride at 37 degrees. Tetracaine induced echinocytes
      in 60 mM chloride at 20 degrees. Indomethacin and barbitone produced echinocytes
      in 145 mM chloride and stomatocytes in 60 mM chloride. Salicylate no longer
      produced echinocytes when the chloride concentration was reduced. Cells exposed
      to salicylate in 60 mM chloride were less cupped than the control cells. We
      suggest that the distribution of the charged form of the drug across the membrane
      is in equilibrium with the distribution of chloride ions. Changes in the
      intracellular drug concentration when the extracellular chloride is varied could
      then account for the observed shape changes in a manner which is consistent with
      the bilayer couple hypothesis for drug-membrane interactions. Cell glycocalyx
      charge depletion did not affect the shape induced by either the cationic or
      anionic drugs. The result suggests that any sialic acid dependent electric
      potential at the bilayer surface is small compared to the cell's zeta potential.

PMID- 4038342
TI  - Effect of 4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl nicotinate (KCD-232) on cholesterol
      metabolism in rats.
AB  - The effects of 4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl nicotinate (KCD-232), a new
      hypolipidemic agent, on serum cholesterol level and cholesterol biosynthesis were
      studied in normolipidemic rats. KCD-232 dose-dependently reduced the serum
      cholesterol level. The in vivo incorporation of [14C]-acetate and 3H from
      [3H]water into liver digitonin-precipitable sterols was inhibited by oral
      administration of KCD-232, while that of [14C]mevalonic acid into the sterols was
      not inhibited. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activity
      was suppressed significantly by the oral administration of the drug. A KCD-232
      metabolite, 4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)benzoic acid (MII), strongly inhibited
      [14C]acetate incorporation and weakly inhibited [14C]mevalonic acid incorporation
      into the sterols in liver slices. MII also significantly inhibited the sterol
      synthetic rate measured with [3H]water and the HMG-CoA reductase activity in
      dispersed hepatocytes. MII and its CoA thioester (MII-CoA) inhibited the
      incorporation of [14C]acetate, [14C]acetyl-CoA and [14C]HMG-CoA into
      nonsaponifiable lipids in a cell-free enzyme system from rat liver. MII-CoA
      further showed a weak inhibition of [14C]-mevalonic acid incorporation into
      nonsaponifiable lipids in the system, while MII showed no effect on mevalonic
      acid incorporation. These results indicate that KCD-232 possesses a major
      inhibitory site for sterol synthesis on HMG-CoA reductase due to both MII and MII
      CoA, and a possible second site of action beyond mevalonic acid due to MII-CoA.
      The latter inhibitory site, however, is considered to play a minor role in the
      inhibition of sterol synthesis in vivo.

PMID- 4038343
TI  - The effect of 5-thioglucose on the energy metabolism of Schistosoma mansoni in
      vitro.
AB  - 5-Thioglucose (5-TG) had a marked effect on the energy metabolism of Schistosoma
      mansoni in vitro: the conversion of external glucose into lactate by intact worms
      was severely inhibited. This inhibition of glycolysis was instantaneous,
      independent of the oxygen concentration and competitive with respect to glucose.
      Degradation of 0.5 mM external (14C-labelled) glucose was inhibited for 80% in
      the presence of 20 mM 5-TG. On the other hand the degradation of endogeneous
      glycogen to lactate was uninhibited. This shows that the inhibition of glucose
      breakdown occurred at the entrance of glucose into the cell and/or at the
      hexokinase reaction. It was demonstrated that 5-TG inhibited both the uptake of
      glucose and the activity of hexokinase. However, it was concluded that in the
      intact worm 5-TG blocked glycolysis by its competitive inhibition of hexokinase.
      In intact S. mansoni worms hexokinase is probably the rate-limiting enzyme of
      glycolysis. Krebs-cycle activity and lactate production do not occur at a fixed
      ratio: at lower rates of pyruvate formation Krebs-cycle activity was favoured.

PMID- 4038344
TI  - Comparative study on the metabolism of N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene by two forms of
      cytochrome P-488.

PMID- 4038345
TI  - Transport of 42K+, 201Tl+ and [99mTc(dmpe)2.Cl2]+ by neonatal rat myocyte
      cultures.

PMID- 4038346
TI  - Hymenoxon: biologic and toxic effects.

PMID- 4038347
TI  - Inactivation of catalase with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole: an indirect irreversible
      mechanism.

PMID- 4038348
TI  - [Synthesis, cloning and determination of the primary structure of a full-size DNA
      copy of the neuraminidase gene from influenza virus type A subtype H1N1].
AB  - Complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned full-length DNA copy of the influenza
      virus A (H1N1) neuraminidase gene has been determined. The predicted amino acid
      sequence is compared with sequences of neuraminidases from other influenza virus
      strains. A section of the neuraminidase is found to be homologous to the chicken
      lysozyme catalytic centre.

PMID- 4038349
TI  - [Synthesis, cloning and determination of the primary structure of a full-size DNA
      copy of the NP protein gene from influenza virus type A].
AB  - Complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned full-length DNA copy of the influenza
      virus A (H1N1) RNA segment 5 has been determined. The degree of nucleotide
      difference between two variants of A/PR/8/34 strain is estimated. The possible
      secondary structure of the segment 5 is deduced from the nucleotide sequence of
      some clones.

PMID- 4038350
TI  - [Synthesis, cloning and determination of the primary structure of a full-size DNA
      copy of fragment 8 from the influenza virus type A genome].
AB  - Complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned full-length DNA copy of the influenza
      virus A (H1N1) RNA segment 8 has been determined. A section of the hypothetical
      protein coded for by the negative strand of the segment 8 is found to be
      homologous to the trypsin catalytic centre.

PMID- 4038351
TI  - [Synthesis of leucine- and methionine-enkephalin using papain].
AB  - Thiol protease papain has been used for synthesis of leucine-and
      methionineenkephalin from methyl esters of N-protected amino acids. The synthesis
      was carried out in basic medium, minimizing the hazard of the secondary peptide
      hydrolysis. The reaction products remain in solution during the whole process.
      The yields at the final stage of the synthesis were 89% (leucineenkephalin) and
      79% (methionineenkephalin).

PMID- 4038352
TI  - [Heterogeneity of carbohydrate fragments in heavy and light chains of influenza
      virus A/Leningrad/385/80 (H3N2) hemagglutinin].
AB  - Comparative analysis of carbohydrate chains variations in influenza virus
      A/Leningrad/385/80 (H3N2) hemagglutinin (HA) and its heavy (HA1) and light (HA2)
      chains has been carried out. The carbohydrate chains of these three glycoproteins
      were eliminated by reductive cleavage of N-glucosaminidic linkages under LiBH4 -
      tert-BuOH treatment. Fractionation of the oligosaccharides thus obtained by means
      of gel chromatography and HPLC resulted in isolation of 21 individual
      oligosaccharides from each glycoprotein. Their monosaccharide composition
      revealed almost identical pattern of high-mannose as well as complex chains in
      HA1 and HA2 in spite of different number (6-7 in HA1 and only 1 in HA2) of
      glycosilated sites. The possibility of a great number of both high-mannose and
      complex chains attached at the same site of glycoprotein is shown.

PMID- 4038353
TI  - [Synthesis and analysis of glycol bis-phosphates, regulators of reversible
      hemoglobin oxygenation].
AB  - Bisphosphates of glycols, ethyleneglycol and 1,2-propanediol, were synthesized.
      These structural analogues of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid were shown to reduce
      significantly the oxygen affinity of stripped hemoglobin.

PMID- 4038354
TI  - [New concepts of microsomal metabolism of the antibiotic adriamycin].
AB  - Experimental and literary data are presented which are at variance with the known
      conception of adriamycin (AD) shunting the chain of microsomal electron transfer.
      AD, carminomycin, rubomycin, mitomycin C, and coenzyme Q9 are shown to interact
      with NADPH, in the absence of enzymes, with the nucleotide oxidation. A new
      scheme of AD metabolism is suggested, according to which AD in the hydroquinone
      form enters the chain of electron transfer in microsomes between NADPH and
      flavoprotein.

PMID- 4038355
TI  - Synthesis, secretion, and deposition of fibronectin in cultured human synovium.
AB  - We examined fibronectin synthesis, secretion, and deposition in vitro by primary
      explants of rheumatoid synovium. Primary cultures initiated from tissue with
      monocytic infiltrates had higher levels of fibronectin synthesis; addition of
      dexamethasone at concentrations known to stimulate other tissue fibroblasts
      increased fibronectin synthesis and secretion. Newly synthesized fibronectin
      recovered from primary rheumatoid culture medium had a higher apparent molecular
      weight (240-245 kd), on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, compared with fibronectin recovered from passaged normal and
      rheumatoid cultures (230 kd). Primary rheumatoid explant cultures had a
      characteristic morphology which correlated with fibronectin deposition. Dense
      deposits of fibronectin extracellular matrix covered overlapping synoviocytes
      adjacent to esterase-positive mononuclear cells. Dexamethasone-treated cultures
      showed little fibronectin deposited as extracellular matrix and did not develop
      overlapping cellular networks. Characteristic patterns of fibronectin synthesis
      and deposition in primary rheumatoid cultures appear to result from interaction
      between fibroblastic and monocytic cells. This culture system may provide a model
      by which to study interactions between cells and extracellular matrix components
      that regulate synovial cell function.

PMID- 4038356
TI  - Morphologic and cytochemical changes in maturing and osteoarthritic articular
      cartilage in the temporomandibular joint of mice.
AB  - We studied the light microscopic, ultrastructural, and cytochemical
      characteristics of the temporomandibular joints of male ICR mice, from early
      neonatal life until they reached senescence, when spontaneous osteoarthritis is a
      common phenomenon. Aging of mandibular condylar cartilage was accompanied by
      decreasing total proteoglycan content and by an unmasking of collagen fibers,
      with no shift in collagen type. Fibronectin was also commonly present on the
      articular surface of specimens from old animals. Chondrocytes of aged mice
      contained an increased number of lysosomes, and their adjacent matrix vesicles
      reacted positively for acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase, but not for alkaline
      phosphatase. Such vesicles were also found to be devoid of calcium complexes and,
      thus, did not appear to be involved in the mineralization process. Similar age
      related changes have been described in human mandibular condyles; hence, the male
      ICR mouse could serve as a useful model for studies of spontaneous osteoarthritis
      in the human mandibular joint.

PMID- 4038357
TI  - Synovial amyloidosis in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.
AB  - Synovial amyloid deposits were found in 18 patients with end-stage renal failure
      due to various nonamyloid nephropathies, who had been treated with long-term,
      periodic hemodialysis (mean 116 months). All patients had carpal tunnel syndrome,
      which was bilateral in 14 of them; 4 patients also had finger flexor
      tenosynovitis. In 2 patients, destructive arthropathies required surgical
      replacement of the hip. Amyloid deposits were demonstrated by light microscopy in
      the synovium of the finger flexor tendon and/or transverse carpal ligament of all
      patients who had surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome, and in the synovium and
      capsula of the 2 surgically removed hips. Transmission electron microscopy of
      synovial samples from 6 patients demonstrated the characteristic fibrillar
      ultrastructure of amyloid deposits, the biochemical nature of which is still
      unknown. In addition, 9 patients had cystic radiolucencies of bone, which were
      interpreted as having resulted from local amyloid deposits, involving carpal
      bones, humeral heads, femoral heads, acetabula, or tibial plateaus. Our results
      show that amyloidosis is a frequent histologic finding in dialysis patients
      receiving surgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome, and that it can also be
      associated with cystic radiolucencies of bones and with destructive
      arthropathies.

PMID- 4038358
TI  - The syndrome of anserina bursitis: an overlooked diagnosis.

PMID- 4038359
TI  - Production of immunoglobulin and rheumatoid factor by lymphoid cells in
      rheumatoid pericardium.

PMID- 4038360
TI  - Erosive azotemic osteoarthropathy: possible role of amyloidosis.

PMID- 4038361
TI  - Anticentromere antibody is not specific for connective tissue disease with a
      promising prognosis.

PMID- 4038362
TI  - Congenital heart block, systemic lupus erythematosus, and anti-Ro antibodies.

PMID- 4038363
TI  - Cyclosporine: a new adjuvant therapy for giant cell arteritis?

PMID- 4038364
TI  - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy associated with malignancy.

PMID- 4038365
TI  - The clinical features of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis. A comparison with
      younger-onset disease of similar duration.
AB  - Patients with elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) may represent a clinical
      subset of individuals who differ prognostically and therapeutically from patients
      with younger-onset disease (YORA). In order to test this hypothesis, we reviewed
      the records of 212 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and grouped them according
      to age at onset above or below 60 years old. Seventy-eight EORA patients and 134
      YORA patients with disease duration of less than or equal to 10 years were used
      for a comparison of presenting features and disease outcome. Abrupt onset
      occurred somewhat more frequently in EORA, but was not associated with a
      significantly different clinical course than was an insidious presentation in
      this older group. There were no differences between the EORA and YORA groups in
      terms of mean initial joint score, although the scores for the YORA group had
      wider variation. An initial clinical presentation resembling polymyalgia
      rheumatica (PMR) was 4 times as frequent in EORA. Elderly patients were less
      likely to have subcutaneous nodules or rheumatoid factor at disease onset. At the
      final examination, the EORA patients had lower joint scores and higher health
      assessments despite similar courses of treatment. These outcome differences
      persisted when patients with PMR-like presentations were excluded. Multivariate
      analyses indicated that joint scores and disease duration made important
      contributions to a better outcome of EORA, whereas PMR presentation and abrupt
      onset did not. After an adjustment was made for these 4 features, age at onset
      was an important contribution to joint score outcome. These results confirm the
      existence of important differences in onset, clinical features, and prognosis
      between patients with EORA and those with YORA.

PMID- 4038366
TI  - Some experimental pain indices and their applications in the study of analgesic
      mechanisms.
AB  - This communication presents some insights into the controversies and
      complications in experimental pain research using laboratory animals. In
      particular, I have singled out two experimental pain indices that are used in my
      laboratory for a decade, viz, dental pain model and hot-plate algesiometric assay
      for discussion. Using these two models, my colleagues and I have identified that
      morphine may promote analgesia by enlisting synergistic actions from the central
      cholinergic and dopaminergic systems, in a process that involves shifting of
      balance between various neurotransmitter systems. We confirmed the medullary
      nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis as a site for clonidine- and morphine
      induced and stimulation-produced antinociception. Finally, a progressive increase
      in pain sensitivity and a gradual reduction in the analgesic potency of morphine
      and clonidine are unveiled in aging rats.

PMID- 4038367
TI  - The adherence to human endothelium and plastic of neutrophils from psoriatic
      patients, and the effects of psoriatic patients' sera on normal neutrophils.
AB  - Circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) from 50 patients with psoriasis
      vulgaris and from 38 control individuals (28 healthy blood donors and 10 patients
      with systemic sclerosis) were tested for their ability to adhere to human
      endothelial cell monolayer and a plastic surface. We also studied the effect of
      sera from psoriatic patients on the adherence and chemotactic activity of normal
      human neutrophils. The neutrophils from patients with psoriasis were much more
      adherent to the endothelium and the plastic surface, and this correlated
      positively with the activity of the disease, but inversely with the extent of the
      skin lesion. The sera from patients with active psoriasis were found to enhance
      the adherence and chemotaxis of normal human PMNs. Treatment of the sera by heat
      (56 degrees C for 30 min) did not affect their enhancing effect on the adherence
      but significantly decreased their effect on the chemotactic activity of normal
      PMNs.

PMID- 4038369
TI  - Heritability of cardiac size: an echocardiographic and electrocardiographic study
      of monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
AB  - Because of the uncertainty as to the extent to which cardiac size is determined
      by exercise training vs genetic endowment, this study investigated familial
      (genetic plus common family environment) vs nonfamilial influences on cardiac
      size. College-age monozygotic twins (group 1, 31 sets), dizygotic twins (group 2,
      10 sets), siblings of like sex (group 3, six sets), and nonrelated subjects
      (group 4, 15 sets) underwent echocardiographic and electrocardiographic tests,
      measurement of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), and evaluation of pulmonary and
      body composition; mean intrapair differences of the four groups were compared.
      Mean intrapair differences in cardiac size varied as much for subjects in group 1
      as for those in groups 2 and 3. However, subjects in groups 1, 2, and 3 had less
      variation (p less than .05) than those in group 4. After the initial testing, 14
      pairs of monozygotic twins, five sets of dizygotic twins, and six sets of
      siblings underwent 14 weeks of exercise training (both members participated) and
      all tests were repeated. After exercise training, subjects in group 1 still had
      as much intrapair variability in cardiac size as those in groups 2 and 3. The
      data suggest cultural familial influences are more important in determining
      cardiac size than nonfamilial influences or even genetic influences alone.

PMID- 4038368
TI  - Clinical pharmacology in patients with evolving myocardial infarction of tissue
      type plasminogen activator produced by recombinant DNA technology.
AB  - This study was performed to characterize selected pharmacologic properties and
      effects on the fibrinolytic system of tissue-type plasminogen activator
      synthesized by recombinant DNA technology (rt-PA) in 12 patients treated for
      coronary thrombosis. rt-PA was infused parenterally (by the intracoronary route
      in four patients and intravenously in eight) in doses of 8.3, 12.5, or 16.7
      micrograms/kg/min for 30 to 60 min, yielding a total dosage of 20 to 40
      mg/patient. The drug induced coronary thrombolysis in 10 of the 12 patients
      treated (83%), including six of the eight given rt-PA intravenously. No bleeding
      complications were encountered. Serial blood samples were obtained before,
      during, and after infusion of rt-PA and analyzed for t-PA antigen (i.e.,
      immunoassayable rt-PA protein), functional fibrinolytic activity attributable to
      rt-PA, fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, fibrinogen degradation
      products, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and protamine
      corrected thrombin time. Pretreatment plasma t-PA antigen levels averaged 16.5 +/
      5(SD) ng/ml. Peak plasma values were generally proportional to dose, averaging
      3330 +/- 1201 ng/ml. Approximately 90% of peak level was reached in 30 min, with
      a plateau at peak reached within 40 min. Functional t-PA activity increased
      monotonically in a comparable fashion. Curves for disappearance of both t-PA
      antigen and functional activity from plasma were monoexponential for at least two
      half-lives (r = .99 for both) and were concordant. The observed half-lives were
      similar, averaging 8.3 and 9.1 min, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4038370
TI  - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: evaluation by noninvasive and invasive
      techniques in 23 patients.
AB  - Over a 3 year period we evaluated 23 patients (16 men, seven women) with apical
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by noninvasive and invasive methods. Sixteen patients
      had chest pain. In 17, results of cardiovascular examination were normal. The
      electrocardiogram showed precordial inverted T waves in all patients and these
      were of mild-to-moderate amplitude (less than 10 mm) in 18 and giant (greater
      than 10 mm) in five. M mode echocardiography revealed a typical pattern of
      contraction and relaxation in the apical region of the left ventricle that was
      associated with significant hypertrophy. These findings were confirmed by two
      dimensional echocardiography. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve was
      not observed nor was there any evidence of obstruction of the left ventricular
      outflow tract. Results of Doppler echocardiographic study of the mitral and
      aortic flow were normal in all patients but one who had mild mitral
      insufficiency. Radionuclide studies of 14 patients revealed a mean left
      ventricular ejection fraction of 66 +/- 6% (range 55% to 79%), with normal left
      ventricular contraction in all patients but two with apical hypokinesis. In all
      six patients who underwent catheterization a characteristic appearance of the
      left ventricle at end-systole as well as abnormal end-diastolic contour were
      noted on the left ventricular angiogram, but the "ace of spades" configuration
      was seen in only one. We conclude that the 23 patients studied form a homogeneous
      group of individuals with nonobstructive apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,
      which differs in many respects from cardiomyopathies reported by other
      investigators.

PMID- 4038371
TI  - Lipid peroxidation: a mechanism for ethanol-associated testicular injury in rats.
AB  - Chronic alcohol administration leads to hepatic membrane alterations which, at
      least in part, are due to lipid peroxidation and may contribute to the toxicity
      of ethanol at the level of the hepatocyte. Because changes in testicular function
      also occur after chronic administration of ethanol to rats, we evaluated
      testicular mitochondria for evidence of alcohol-associated peroxidation injury
      which might contribute to the gonadal injury that occurs with prolonged use of
      the drug. Lipid peroxidation was assessed through measurement of diene
      conjugates, polyenoic fatty acid composition, malonaldehyde formation, and
      testicular reduced glutathione levels. Compared to isocalorically matched
      dextrimaltose-fed controls (ISO), rats fed alcohol (ETOH) for 50 days had a
      decreased content of polyenoic acids and a compensatory increase in saturated
      fatty acids [ETOH, 50.69 +/- 0.65% (by wt); ISO, 52.93 +/- 0.72 (mean +/- SE); P
      less than 0.01]. This decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acid content was
      accompanied by an increase in diene conjugates in testicular mitochondria (ETOH,
      0.455 +/- 0.053 OD units at 233 nm/mg lipid; ISO, 0.382 +/- 0.045; P less than
      0.05). An increase in malonaldehyde formation also was observed in the alcohol
      fed rats compared to the control level (ETOH, 21.39 +/- 1.67 nmol/mg protein;
      ISO, 17.50 +/- 1.39; P less than 0.05) as well as a decrease in glutathione
      content (ETOH, 1218 +/- 89 micrograms GSH/testes; ISO, 1638 +/- 89; P less than
      0.05). Taken together, these findings support the concept that lipid peroxidation
      may be an important mechanism responsible, at least in part, for the toxic effect
      of ethanol on the testes.

PMID- 4038372
TI  - Age- and diabetes-related changes in tissue glucose uptake and estradiol
      accumulation in the C57BL/KsJ mouse.
AB  - The effect of the diabetes (db/db) mutation on the age-related changes in glucose
      uptake and estradiol incorporation in peripheral tissues were investigated in
      C57BL/KsJ mice between 2 and 16 wk of age. Glucose uptake in the uterus, ovaries,
      pancreas, lung, liver, heart, kidney, and spleen were markedly increased in
      diabetic mice after the development of the hyperglycemic condition, as compared
      with control mice. The age-related increase in glucose uptake observed in control
      mice was enhanced in hyperglycemic (i.e., greater than or equal to 4 wk of age)
      animals. In contrast, the diabetes mutation caused a decreased estradiol uptake
      by the uteri, ovaries, and mesometrial fat pads at 16 wk, while having little
      effect in nontarget tissues of diabetic mutants. These data indicate that the
      diabetes mutation enhances glucose uptake, especially in estradiol target tissues
      (i.e., uterus, ovary), at the same time that estradiol incorporation is
      depressed. These results suggest that an alteration in glucose utilization by
      steroid-sensitive reproductive tract tissue may underlie the impaired
      reproductive ability in these animals. Other peripheral tissues did not
      demonstrate any remarkable changes in estradiol uptake, but the enhanced
      carbohydrate metabolism observed may relate to the subsequent age- and diabetes
      related changes in tissue structure and function in these animals.

PMID- 4038373
TI  - Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in atherosclerotic
      thrombotic occlusion.
AB  - Human tissue plasminogen activator holds promise for the dissolution of coronary
      thrombi by intravenous administration and without systemic anticoagulation. Prior
      animal experiments have been conducted only in vessels without disease. To test
      the thrombolytic efficacy of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the
      presence of diseased intima, an established model of atherosclerosis was
      utilized. The aorta of 16 New Zealand white rabbits (2 to 3 kg) was made
      atherosclerotic by balloon endothelial denudation and concurrent 1% cholesterol
      feeding for 8 weeks. An aged (24 hour) heterologous (human) clot, labeled with I
      125 fibrinogen was injected into the distal aorta and produced thrombotic
      occlusion. After 1 hour of thrombosis (control period), recombinant tissue
      plasminogen activator (100,000 IU approximately equal to 1 mg protein, n = 6) or
      streptokinase (100,000 IU, n = 5) or saline solution (n = 5) was systemically
      infused over 30 minutes. Serial blood samples, obtained to determine fractional
      change in blood radioactivity over time, showed a fourfold increase of blood
      radioactivity after tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase infusion
      compared with the control period (47,400 +/- 3,300 [mean +/- standard error]
      versus 11,800 +/- 300 counts/min, p less than 0.001). Time to 50% of maximal
      thrombolysis was 41 +/- 14 minutes (+/- standard deviation) for tissue
      plasminogen activator versus 63 +/- 16 minutes for streptokinase (p less than
      0.01). In six of six rabbits receiving tissue plasminogen activator and four of
      five rabbits receiving streptokinase, reestablishment of distal aortic flow was
      detected via the indwelling catheter within 25 minutes of drug infusion.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038374
TI  - Surgical management of urinary incontinence in girls with congenitally short
      urethra.
AB  - We treated 6 girls with total urinary incontinence secondary to a congenitally
      short urethra by a combination of extensive internal and external urethral
      lengthening. Of the patients 3 had hypospadias and 3 had severe epispadias. All 6
      are dry during the day and 1 has nighttime wetting. Success depends upon the
      creation of a long neourethra and a new continence zone.

PMID- 4038375
TI  - Peer assessment.

PMID- 4038376
TI  - Cisplatin ototoxicity in gynecologic cancer patients. A preliminary report.
AB  - The ototoxicity associated with long-term cisplatin therapy in gynecologic cancer
      patients was investigated. Twenty-three of 31 patients developed hearing loss and
      21 patients reported the onset of tinnitus. The hearing loss was bilateral,
      cochlear, and permanent. The tinnitus was transient and not predictive of change
      in hearing level. The likelihood of developing hearing loss appeared to be
      greatest in patients older than 40 years and in patients with preexisting hearing
      loss. The amount of change did not appear to be related to the degree of
      preexisting hearing loss.

PMID- 4038377
TI  - Hereditary ovarian carcinoma. Biomarker studies.
AB  - Three ovarian-cancer-prone kindreds were studied, two of which contained
      identical twin sisters concordant for ovarian carcinoma. In one kindred, both
      identical twin sisters had daughters with ovarian carcinoma. In another kindred,
      one of the identical twin sisters had an ovarian-cancer-affected daughter.
      Ovarian carcinoma showed vertical transmission in all three families in a pattern
      consonant with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Medical-genetic survey
      of each family included detailed questionnaires with retrieval of primary medical
      and pathology documents on cancer of all anatomic sites. Putative biomarker
      determinations included: (1) in vitro hyperdiploidy in dermal monolayer cultures;
      and (2) lower serum levels of alpha-L-fucosidase (less than or equal to 275
      IU/ml) in all cancer-affected patients and statistically significant lower levels
      in 50% risk individuals when compared to spouse and published controls (P = 0.04
      and P = 0.0002, respectively). These findings are discussed in context with the
      eventual development of a risk factor profile which, given acceptable sensitivity
      and specificity, would enable identification of individuals who would be prime
      candidates for intensive surveillance/management programs.

PMID- 4038378
TI  - Erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume during cytotoxic therapy and the risk of
      secondary leukemia.
AB  - Erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV) evolution during cytotoxic therapy of
      Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer
      was studied. The fastest and the highest MCV increases were observed in the
      diseases and with the therapies the most frequently involved in secondary
      leukemia: Hodgkin's disease treated with MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine,
      procarbazine, prednisone), and multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer treated with
      melphalan. On the contrary, with cytotoxic regimens not linked to a high
      frequency of secondary leukemia such as CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5
      fluorouracil) used in ovarian or breast cancer, MCV increase was moderate. As the
      MCV increase reflects the bone marrow reaction to cytotoxic therapy, an unusually
      high increase could indicate bone marrow damages which could lead to secondary
      leukemia.

PMID- 4038379
TI  - Rapid loss of stress fibers in Chinese hamster ovary cells after hyperthermia.
AB  - This study was initiated to characterize the effect of hyperthermia (45 degrees)
      on the distribution of actin stress fibers in Chinese hamster ovary cells using
      rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin, a probe specific for F-actin. Fluorescent
      microscopy revealed a rapid loss of stress fibers after immersion in a 45 degrees
      water bath. After 5-min immersion at 45 degrees, approximately 90% of the cells
      analyzed did not contain observable stress fibers. Stress fibers were visible
      after incubation of cells at 37 degrees after heating. The recovery of the
      appearance of the stress fibers occurred as protein synthesis resumed, and
      addition of protein synthesis inhibitors following heat treatment blocked the
      reappearance of these structures. These results support the hypothesis that
      cytoskeletal components may be a target of hyperthermia, explaining the
      pleotropic biological effects of heat and, in particular, heat
      radiosensitization.

PMID- 4038380
TI  - Antiinvasive effect of racemic 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine
      on MO4 mouse fibrosarcoma cells in vitro.
AB  - Alkyl-lysophospholipids have been shown to possess antitumoral activity in animal
      and in human tumors. Among them, racemic 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methylglycero-3
      phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) had an antimetastatic effect in experimental tumors.
      We investigated the effect of ET-18-OCH3 on invasion of MO4 mouse fibrosarcoma
      cells and on cellular activities possibly related to invasion in vitro. Ten
      micrograms of ET-18-OCH3 per ml permitted growth of MO4 cells to about 75% of
      controls and slightly reduced trypan blue exclusion. Directional migration
      inferred from the area covered by MO4 cells that had migrated from an aggregate
      on glass was not affected. Reassembly of microtubules after treatment with 1
      microgram of Nocodazole per ml occurred normally in presence of ET-18-OCH3.
      Invasion was completely inhibited when MO4 cell aggregates were confronted with
      precultured fragments of embryonic chick cardiac muscle or with fresh embryonic
      chick lung fragments in culture on gyratory shaker in fluid medium with 10
      micrograms of ET-18-OCH3 per ml. These experiments showed that ET-18-OCH3, in
      contrast with microtubule inhibitors, interfered with invasion of MO4 cells in
      vitro at concentrations that permitted growth and directional migration of MO4
      cells. Fluorescence polarization studies with the lipophylic probe
      diphenylhexatriene indicated that the antiinvasive effect of ET-18-OCH3 was
      accompanied by an overall increase of membrane fluidity. We tentatively concluded
      that alterations of the MO4 cellular membranes are responsible for the
      antiinvasive effect of ET-18-OCH3.

PMID- 4038381
TI  - Comparative activity and distribution studies of five platinum analogues in nude
      mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma xenografts.
AB  - The antitumor activity of four new platinum analogues was compared at equitoxic
      doses to that of cisplatin in B10 LP/cpb nude mice bearing xenografts of human
      ovarian carcinomas. The two tumor lines used, MRI-H-207 and Pe, differ in
      histology, tumor doubling time, and sensitivity to cisplatin. Complete remission
      of MRI-H-207 was observed with cisplatin, carboplatin, iproplatin, and JM-40,
      while spiroplatin only gave growth delay. Cisplatin and carboplatin caused some
      growth delay of Pe, while JM-40, spiroplatin, and iproplatin failed to affect
      tumor growth. Platinum tissue distribution was also measured for each compound in
      groups of five to seven tumor-bearing mice. Platinum concentrations in the two
      tumors at 24 hr were similar for cisplatin and carboplatin, but differed for
      iproplatin, spiroplatin, and JM-40. Organ distribution was similar for each
      analogue, and concentrations were significantly higher in kidneys than in liver,
      except for iproplatin with comparable concentrations in these organs. Our
      findings show a good correlation between analogue activity in ovarian cancer in
      the clinic and that in MRI-H-207. Platinum concentrations in tumor tissue did not
      predict antitumor activity.

PMID- 4038382
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of high-dose cisplatin.
AB  - Although nephrotoxicity has frequently limited conventional treatment with
      cisplatin to doses of 100-120 mg/m2 per cycle, vigorous chloruresis can permit
      the administration of high-dose cisplatin (200 mg/m2 per cycle) with minimal
      nephrotoxicity. Systemic toxicities are worsened, but therapeutic response seems
      to be enhanced. The pharmacokinetics of cisplatin in plasma and urine were
      examined to assess the causes of these effects. Plasma disappearance of
      ultrafiltrable platinum was well-described by a single exponential for each
      patient. The mean t1/2 was 50% longer for patients receiving high-dose cisplatin
      than for patients receiving conventional doses. The total systemic exposure was
      three times greater in the high-dose group, which tends to explain the systemic
      toxicity and improved tumor efficacy, but not the lack of nephrotoxicity. It is
      suggested that the kidneys of patients in the high-dose group were relatively
      protected by dilution of active Pt species in the urine in the tubule lumen as
      well as by high chloride ion concentrations in the urine.

PMID- 4038383
TI  - Myocardial ischemia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: contribution of
      inadequate vasodilator reserve and elevated left ventricular filling pressures.
AB  - To study the mechanism and hemodynamic significance of myocardial ischemia in
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 20 patients (nine with resting left ventricular
      outflow tract obstruction greater than or equal to 30 mm Hg) with a history of
      angina pectoris and angiographically normal coronary arteries underwent a pacing
      study with measurement of great cardiac vein flow, lactate and oxygen content,
      and left ventricular filling pressure. Compared with 28 control subjects without
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, their resting coronary blood flow was higher (91 +/-
      27 vs 66 +/- 17 ml/min; p less than .001) and their coronary resistance was lower
      (1.13 +/- 0.38 vs 1.55 +/- 0.45 mm Hg/ml/min; p less than .001). Left ventricular
      end-diastolic pressure (16 +/- 6 vs 11 +/- 3 mm Hg; p less than .001) and
      pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (13 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 3 mm Hg; p less than .001)
      were significantly higher in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. During
      pacing, coronary flow rose in both groups, although coronary and myocardial
      hemodynamics differed greatly. In contrast to the linear increase in flow in
      control subjects up to heart rate of 150 beats/min (66 +/- 17 to 125 +/- 28
      ml/min), patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy demonstrated an initial rise
      in flow to 133 +/- 31 ml/min at an intermediate heart rate of 130 beats/min. At
      this point, 12 of 20 patients developed their typical chest pain. With continued
      pacing to a heart rate of 150 beats/min, mean coronary flow fell to 114 +/- 29
      ml/min (p less than .002), with 18 of 20 patients experiencing their typical
      chest pain and metabolic evidence of myocardial ischemia. This fall in coronary
      flow was associated with a substantial rise in left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure (30 +/- 9 mm Hg immediately after peak pacing). In the 14 patients whose
      coronary flow actually fell from intermediate to peak pacing, the rise in left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the same interval was greater than that of
      the six patients whose flow remained unchanged or increased (11 +/- 8 vs 2 +/- 2
      mm Hg; p less than .01). In addition, despite metabolic and hemodynamic evidence
      of myocardial ischemia, the arteriovenous O2 difference actually narrowed at peak
      pacing. Thus most patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy achieved maximum
      coronary vasodilation and flow at modest increases in heart rate. Elevation in
      left ventricular filling pressure, probably related to ischemia-induced changes
      in ventricular compliance, was associated with a decline in coronary
      flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4038384
TI  - Acetylcholine receptor antibody-producing cells in thymus and lymph nodes in
      myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Eleven patients with myasthenia gravis (5 with thymoma) were studied and
      spontaneous production of antibody to acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in vitro was
      found by thymus cells in 10 (and in all 5 with thymoma) and by lymph node cells
      in 8 (and in 3 with thymoma). The rate of AChR antibody production by thymus
      cells was greater than that by lymph node cells (10.7 +/- 11.6 and 1.4 +/- 1.5
      fmol/10(6) cells/week, respectively, mean +/- SD, P less than 0.05 by paired t
      test), although the B-cell population was always smaller in the thymus than in
      the lymph nodes (9.5 +/- 9.4 and 31 +/- 12.7%, P less than 0.001), suggesting the
      principal role of the thymus in AChR antibody production. It is suggested that
      lymph nodes can be one of the main sites of AChR antibody production in
      myasthenia gravis but the antibody-producing cells may originate in the thymus.

PMID- 4038385
TI  - Metoclopramide kinetics at high-dose infusion rates for prevention of cisplatin
      induced emesis.
AB  - Eleven male subjects aged 24 to 58 yr received cisplatin, 90 to 120 mg/m2 iv, in
      combination with other cytostatic drugs such as doxorubicin HCl and bleomycin. To
      prevent emesis, two high-dose metoclopramide regimens were started 2 hr before
      cytostatic therapy. Regimen A (n = 7) consisted of a loading dose infusion of 1
      mg/kg/hr over 2 hr, followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.5 mg/kg/hr over 24 hr
      (total dose was 14 mg/kg in each cytostatic cycle). Regimen B (n = 6) consisted
      of half the metoclopramide dose. The following kinetics were derived from the
      metoclopramide steady-state plasma levels and the t1/2 of the elimination phase
      26 to 38 hr after dosing (median value and range are listed): Steady-state plasma
      concentration in group A and group B was 750 (480 to 1520) and 360 (300 to 480)
      ng/ml plasma. Drug clearance in group A and group B was 0.67 (0.3 to 1.0) and
      0.70 (0.5 to 0.8) l/hr/kg. Volumes of drug distribution in group A and group B
      were 4.4 (1.9 to 6.5) and 4.3 (3.2 to 5.9) l/kg. Values for the t1/2 in the
      elimination phase in group A and group B were 4.7 (3.0 to 5.4) and 4.3 (3.7 to
      5.1) hr. It appears that metoclopramide kinetics at high doses were dose linear,
      i.e., without evidence of cumulation. There were few side effects; vomiting was
      effectively suppressed by both regimens.

PMID- 4038386
TI  - Dual effect of procaine in sea urchin eggs. Inducer and inhibitor of microtubule
      assembly.
AB  - An increase in the amount of cytoplasmic filamentous structures (cytoplasmic
      matrix and aster) which were recovered after hexylene glycol/Triton X-100
      treatment of sea urchin eggs (Paracentrotus lividus) activated by 0.2-2.5 mM
      procaine was observed. At higher activator concentrations, an opposite effect was
      observed and formation of these cytoplasmic structures was inhibited in the
      presence of 10 mM procaine. This inhibitory effect was reversed by diluting the
      drug in the incubation medium. DNase I inhibition assays on egg homogenates which
      were performed at different time points of the activation process, show that the
      same amount of actin was induced to polymerize in eggs activated either by 2.5 or
      10 mM procaine. However, colchicine-binding assays on the 100 000 g particulate
      fractions of these homogenates show that in eggs activated by 10 mM procaine, in
      contrast to those activated by 2.5 mM, tubulin polymerization was inhibited and
      microtubules were disassembled. These results show that the dual effect of
      procaine in the organization of the egg cytoskeleton appears to be related to its
      effect on the state of tubulin.

PMID- 4038387
TI  - Improved negative staining of microfilament arrangements in detergent-extracted
      Physarum amoeboflagellates.
AB  - A motile, lamellipodium-like structure, the ridge, forms as amoeboflagellate
      cells of Physarum polycephalum release from a substratum and begin swimming in
      fluid. Actin microfilaments form a distinct laminar core within the ridge; they
      are seen as a sparse, disordered meshwork in cytoskeletons prepared by
      conventional methods using uranyl acetate negative staining [10]. Preservation
      and visualization of these filaments and their arrangements improved considerably
      when cytoskeletons were imaged with phosphotungstic acid buffered with ammonium
      hydroxide (PTA(NH4]. Microfilaments within ridge cytoskeletons were found to form
      loose bundles and criss-crossing, 'meshwork' arrays several layers deep.
      Differences could be detected in morphology and detailed arrangement of
      microfilaments within cytoskeletons prepared in the presence of phalloidin.
      PTA(NH4) may be useful for studies of cytoskeletal elements and their
      rearrangements in dynamic, motile regions of cells.

PMID- 4038388
TI  - Serum androgenic hormones motivate sexual behavior in adolescent boys.
AB  - In order to separate hormonal from social effects on adolescent male sexual
      behavior, serum hormone assays were performed and questionnaire data on sexual
      motivation and behavior were collected on a representative sample of 102 boys in
      grades 8, 9, and 10 of a public school system. Free testosterone was a strong
      predictor of sexual motivation and behavior, with no additional contribution of
      other hormones. Including measures of pubertal development and age (indexing the
      effects of social processes) indicated no additional effects. Free testosterone,
      therefore, appears to affect sexual motivation directly and does not work through
      the social interpretation of the accompanying pubertal development.

PMID- 4038389
TI  - Alteration of the anterior-posterior embryonic axis: the pattern of gastrulation
      in macrocephalic frog embryos.
AB  - The production of an enlarged head or macrocephaly in frog embryos can be
      achieved by interspecific hybridization or by injection of the contents of the
      germinal vesicle (GV), the large nucleus of immature oocytes, into the
      blastocoels of embryos before they gastrulate. The macrocephalic embryos have
      large suckers and their neural tubes are larger anteriorly but smaller
      posteriorly as compared to controls. This abnormal syndrome has previously been
      thought to arise as a result of an axial structure determinant present in the
      germinal vesicle. When examined during gastrulation, however, Xenopus laevis and
      Rana pipiens macrocephalic embryos produced by GV injection as well as
      macrocephalic embryos produced by the hybrid cross, Rana septentrionalis female X
      Rana catesbeiana male, all exhibit alterations in the pattern of gastrulation.
      The most striking of these alterations is the persistence throughout gastrulation
      of a thick blastocoel roof composed of many cell layers, suggesting that there is
      an inhibition of posterior spreading of the roof normally associated with
      epiboly. In R. pipiens, the dorsal mesodermal mantle of GV-injected gastrulae is
      thicker as compared to controls, accounting for a neural plate which is wide at
      the anterior end. Vital dye mapping experiments on Xenopus laevis embryos show
      that dye marks placed on regions normally fated to become trunk epidermis become
      localized anteriorly when the embryos are GV injected, consistent with the idea
      that ectodermal cells are inhibited from moving posteriorly. These results
      indicate that the macrocephalic syndrome can be attributed to a localized
      inhibition of cell rearrangements during gastrulation as opposed to the effects
      of altered inducers or to axial determinants.

PMID- 4038390
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of intraperitoneal cisplatin.
AB  - The clinical pharmacology of cisplatin was determined in six patients with
      malignant ascites secondary to ovarian cancer, and in one patient with peritoneal
      mesothelioma, following intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin (25-60
      mg/m2). The drug was administered in 1 liter of normal saline as a 15- to 30-min
      infusion. Total, and in some patients free (ultrafilterable), platinum
      concentrations were determined in plasma, urine, and ascitic fluid by flameless
      atomic absorption spectrometry. The peak total platinum concentrations in ascitic
      fluid at the end of infusion were related to dose, a 50 mg/m2 dose producing a 20
      to 80 micrograms cisplatin/ml concentration. Filterable platinum represented
      between 3 and 59% of total platinum in the peritoneum at 4 to 6.5 hr following
      its administration. Plasma platinum concentrations ranged between 0.2 to 1.6
      micrograms/ml 4 hr following administration, and reached a plateau for the next
      24 to 48 hr largely in the form of protein-bound platinum. The urinary excretion
      of cisplatin was consistent with variation in absorption from the peritoneum.
      Minimal gastrointestinal, bone marrow, and renal toxicities during therapy
      suggest that sustained free platinum concentrations in ascites may be obtained
      without significant toxicity and support the intraperitoneal route of
      administration as an effective strategy for cisplatin therapy of intra-abdominal
      malignancies.

PMID- 4038391
TI  - The effect of cytoxan, adriamycin, and cis-platinum on cervical, vaginal
      cytology.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-four cervical and vaginal smears were obtained from 51
      patients receiving cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cis-platinum. These drugs
      do not appear to cause dysplasia or significant atypia. Additionally, the Pap
      smear was not useful for the diagnosis of unexpected persistent or recurrent
      carcinoma of the ovary.

PMID- 4038392
TI  - Public hospitals can survive PPS, cut LOS.

PMID- 4038393
TI  - Medical technology under PPS: an uncertain future.

PMID- 4038394
TI  - Painless primary herpes.
AB  - An adolescent male developed painless but severe genital ulcerations. Evaluation
      confirmed primary herpes. The medical literature describes the classical
      presentation of primary genital herpes infection as multiple ulcerations and
      severe pain, but 5% of male patients present without pain. Consequently, the
      differential diagnosis of painless genital ulcerations should include Herpes
      progenitalis.

PMID- 4038395
TI  - Canine hemangiosarcoma: retrospective analysis of 104 cases.
AB  - Hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed in 104 dogs. The mean age was 10 years. Twenty-two
      breeds were represented. The most common were the German Shepherd Dog and Poodle.
      Most tumors were in the spleen (65/104). Other primary sites included the soft
      tissues of the trunk and extremities (18), liver (6), heart (3), and lung (2).
      Sixty of the dogs were examined because of rupture of the primary tumor or
      metastatic disease. Of the 104 dogs, 4 are alive and 100 are dead: 35 were
      euthanatized at the time of diagnosis, and the remaining 65 had a mean survival
      time of 123 days. The mean survival time of the 4 living dogs was 360 days. Forty
      seven of the 65 dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma were treated with surgery
      alone, surgery and immunotherapy, or surgery, immunotherapy, and combination
      chemotherapy. The same 47 dogs were clinically staged. There was no difference in
      survival time according to therapy or stage of disease.

PMID- 4038396
TI  - A single enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of the mannosylphosphoryl derivative of
      dolichol and retinol in rat liver and Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - It is well established that mannosylphosphoryldolichol participates in the
      synthesis of N-linked glycoproteins by donating mannosyl residues to
      oligosaccharide-lipid intermediates. It has been suggested that
      mannosylphosphorylretinol also is involved in glycoprotein biosynthesis. We
      conclude that one synthase catalyzes the synthesis of both
      mannosylphosphoryldolichol and mannosylphosphorylretinol in rat liver tissue and
      Chinese hamster ovary cells, based on the following results. 1) The enzyme in rat
      liver microsomes that synthesizes mannosylphosphoryldolichol and
      mannosylphosphorylretinol is inactivated at the same rate at 55 degrees C. 2) In
      membranes of both rat liver and Chinese hamster ovary cells, exogenous dolichyl
      phosphate and retinyl phosphate compete with each other for mannosyl-lipid
      synthesis. However, in both systems adding exogenous retinyl phosphate has no
      effect on the synthesis of mannosylphosphoryldolichol from endogenous dolichyl
      phosphate in the membranes. 3) Membranes prepared from a mutant of Chinese
      hamster ovary cells which is devoid of mannosylphosphoryldolichol synthase lack
      the ability to synthesize mannosylphosphorylretinol.

PMID- 4038397
TI  - Decreased transfer of oligosaccharide from oligosaccharide-lipid to protein
      acceptors in regenerating rat liver.
AB  - The transfer of [14C]glucose from UDP-[14C]glucose to lipid intermediates and
      glycoproteins was decreased in regenerating rat liver microsomes 24 h after
      partial hepatectomy. In regenerating liver microsomes, the concentration of free
      dolichyl phosphate (Dol-P) was significantly decreased. However, it was only
      about 10% of total Dol-P, which was not significantly changed. On the addition of
      exogenous Dol-P, the transfer of [14C]glucose to glycoproteins was still
      decreased, while the decrease of the transfer to lipid intermediates was no
      longer observed. These results suggest that the glycoprotein synthesis is not
      regulated by the amount of Dol-P in regenerating liver microsomes.
      Oligosaccharide obtained from [14C]glucosyl-oligosaccharide-lipid was not
      distinguishable between regenerating liver and control by paper chromatography.
      The oligosaccharide transfer to protein in microsomes was compared by using
      [14C]glucosyl-oligosaccharide-lipid as oligosaccharide donor. The transfer of
      oligosaccharide to endogenous proteins decreased to 77% of control in
      regenerating liver and the transfer to exogenously added denatured alpha
      lactalbumin decreased to 59% of control. Therefore, it is unlikely that the
      acceptor capacity of endogenous protein is decreased in regenerating liver.
      Neither the change in oligosaccharide-lipid under the condition for
      oligosaccharide transfer assay nor the stability of oligosaccharide transferase
      was different between regenerating liver and control. These results strongly
      suggest that the decrease in the activity of the oligosaccharide transferase in
      microsomes causes the decrease of glycoprotein synthesis in regenerating liver,
      which was shown in our previous studies.

PMID- 4038398
TI  - The total length of spindle microtubules depends on the number of chromosomes
      present.
AB  - We extracted chromosomes by micromanipulation from Melanoplus differentialis
      spermatocytes, producing metaphase spindles with only one or a few chromosomes
      instead of the usual complement of 23. Cells with various numbers of chromosomes
      were prepared for electron microscopy, and spindle microtubule length was
      measured. A constant increment of microtubule length was lost upon the removal of
      each chromosome; we estimate that only approximately 40% of the original length
      would remain in the total absence of chromosomes. Unexpectedly, kinetochore
      microtubules were not the only ones affected when chromosomes were removed:
      nonkinetochore microtubules accounted for a substantial fraction of the total
      length lost. No compensatory increase in microtubule length outside the spindle
      was found. Studies by others show that the kinetochore microtubules of extracted
      chromosomes are left behind in the cell and dissassemble. The resulting increase
      in subunit concentration would be expected from in vitro studies to drive
      microtubule assembly until the original total microtubule length was restored,
      but that did not happen in these living cells. We conclude that the assembly of a
      certain, large fraction of microtubule subunits into stable microtubules is
      dependent on the presence of chromosomes. Possible explanations include (a)
      limits on microtubule length that prevent any net assembly of the subunits
      released after chromosomes are removed or (b) a promotion of microtubule assembly
      by chromosomes, which therefore is reduced in their absence. Chromosome-dependent
      regulation of microtubule length may account for some features of normal mitosis.

PMID- 4038399
TI  - The rat liver mitochondrial DNA-protein complex: displaced single strands of
      replicative intermediates are protein coated.
AB  - Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-protein complexes were released from the organelles by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-lysis and purified by Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B
      chromatography. The mitochondrial DNA-binding protein P16 was the only detectable
      protein in the complex. Treatment of the complex with proteinase K, or
      subtilisin, revealed the presence of a protease-insensitive, submolecular domain
      (Mr approximately equal to 6,000) that retained the capacity to bind tenaciously
      to the DNA. Analysis of chemically fixed complexes by CsCl isopycnic gradient
      centrifugation showed that P16 was bound to a large subpopulation of mtDNA
      enriched in displacement loops (D-loops). Based upon the effective buoyant
      density of the complex in CsCl gradients and the molecular weights of P16 and
      mtDNA, it was estimated that a mean of 49 P16 molecules were bound per mtDNA. For
      this measurement, the variation in hydration of protein and DNA at different CsCl
      concentrations was ignored. Analysis of restriction endonuclease-digested
      complexes by glass fiber filters that bind only protein-associated DNA resulted
      in the retention of a single fragment regardless of the enzyme, or enzymes, used.
      In each case, the retained fragment was the D-loop-containing fragment. With
      direct electron microscopy, the protein was readily visualized on the displaced
      single strand portions of D-loops and expanding D-loops. The nucleoprotein fibers
      were approximately 12 nm in diameter without correcting for the thickness of
      tungsten coating and roughly 1/3 the length of the double strand segment of the
      corresponding D-loop structure. In addition, occasional molecules with the
      characteristics of gapped circles were seen exhibiting a nucleoprotein fibril,
      presumably containing the single strand gap segment, linking the ends of double
      strand DNA. P16 was not seen on the double strand portions in any of the
      complexes.

PMID- 4038400
TI  - Purification and general properties of the DNA-binding protein (P16) from rat
      liver mitochondria.
AB  - The mitochondrial DNA-binding protein P16 was isolated from rat liver
      mitochondrial lysates by affinity chromatography on single strand DNA agarose and
      separated from DNA in the preparation by alkaline CsCl isopycnic gradients. The
      top fraction of the gradients contained a single polypeptide species (Mr
      approximately equal to 15,200) based upon SDS PAGE. Digestion of single strand
      DNA-bound P16 with proteinase K produced a protease-insensitive, DNA-binding
      fragment (Mr approximately equal to 6,000) that has been purified by essentially
      the same procedures used for intact P16. The partial amino acid compositions for
      P16 and the DNA-binding fragment were obtained by conventional methods. Analysis
      of subcellular fractions revealed that nearly all of the cellular P16 was located
      in the mitochondria and that only trace amounts of protein of comparable
      electrophoretic mobility could be isolated from the nuclear or cytoplasmic
      fractions. The labeling of P16 with [35S]methionine in primary rat hepatocyte
      cultures was inhibited by more than 90% by the cytoplasmic translation inhibitor
      cycloheximide, but unaffected by the mitochondrial-specific agent
      chloramphenicol. These results indicate that P16 is synthesized on cytoplasmic
      ribosomes and imported into the mitochondria. The addition of purified P16 to
      deproteinized mitochondrial DNA resulted in the complete protection of the
      labeled nascent strands of displacement loops against branch migrational loss
      during cleavage of parental DNA with SstI, thus providing strong evidence that
      P16 is the single entity required for this in vitro function. Incubation of P16
      with single strand phi X174 DNA, double strand (RF) phi X174 DNA, or Escherichia
      coli ribosomal RNA and subsequent analysis of the nucleic acid species for bound
      protein indicated a strong preference of P16 for single strand DNA and no
      detectable affinity for RNA or double strand DNA. Examination of P16-single
      strand phi X174 DNA complexes by direct electron microscopy revealed thickened,
      irregular fibers characteristic of protein-associated single strand DNA.

PMID- 4038402
TI  - Forskolin induction of S-100 protein in glioma and hybrid cells.
AB  - The S-100 protein level in mouse neuroblastoma (N18TG-2 and NIE-115), rat glioma
      (C6, C6BU-1, and C6V-1), and hybrid (NG108-15, 140-3, 141-B, NBr10A, NBr20A,
      NCB20, and NX3IT) cells was determined with a sensitive enzyme immunoassay system
      that uses a rabbit antibody to bovine brain S-100 protein. S-100 protein was
      detected in glioma but not in neuroblastoma cells. All seven hybrid cells derived
      from neuroblastoma and glioma or other types of cells were found to possess a
      very little or undetectable S-100 protein. The induction of S-100 protein level
      in prestationary phase cultures of glioma C6BU-1 cells was examined by forskolin,
      which was a highly specific activator of adenylate cyclase of the cells and
      produced morphological differentiation. After incubation with 10 microM forskolin
      for 48 hr, the S-100 protein level increased 2-2.5-fold in C6BU-1 glioma cells
      whose mean control level was 60 +/- 26 ng/mg protein (+/- SD). The forskolin
      induction of S-100 protein in the cells was dose dependent, and the concentration
      of forskolin required for 50% activation of S-100 protein was about 0.6 microM.
      The increase by forskolin was initiated from 10-15 hr after incubation with it
      and was inhibited with cycloheximide and actinomycin D. In NG108-15 hybrid cells
      the induction of S-100 protein was also observed by forskolin as well as
      prostaglandin (PG) E1 plus theophylline which are known to activate adenylate
      cyclase of the cells. The results indicate that S-100 protein biosynthesis is
      genetically controlled in these clonal cells, and that S-100 protein can be
      regulated in a cAMP-dependent fashion in prestationary cultures.

PMID- 4038403
TI  - Resolution of acromegaly, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, and hypergastrinemia
      after resection of jejunal carcinoid.
AB  - A young woman presented with acromegaly and amenorrhea-galactorrhea with
      hypersomatotropinemia and hyperprolactinemia. In addition, she had
      hypergastrinemia with abnormal secretory dynamics and evidence of a large
      pituitary tumor with suprasellar extension and erosion of the floor of the sella
      turcica. Evaluation of secretory diarrhea revealed a large abdominal tumor, which
      on removal was found to be a carcinoid of the jejunum. Postoperatively, the
      acromegaly, amenorrhea-galactorrhea, and hypergastrinemia resolved, and the
      pituitary returned to normal size, with regrowth of the sella floor. The
      carcinoid tumor was shown by immunoperoxidase staining to contain GH-releasing
      hormone.

PMID- 4038401
TI  - Microtubule-associated protein 2 within axons of spinal motor neurons:
      associations with microtubules and neurofilaments in normal and beta,beta'
      iminodipropionitrile-treated axons.
AB  - We have examined the distribution of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in
      the lumbar segment of spinal cord, ventral and dorsal roots, and dorsal root
      ganglia of control and beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile-treated rats. The
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used for light and electron microscopic
      immunohistochemical studies with two monoclonal antibodies directed against
      different epitopes of Chinese hamster brain MAP2, designated AP9 and AP13. MAP2
      immunoreactivity was present in axons of spinal motor neurons, but was not
      detected in axons of white matter tracts of spinal cord and in the majority of
      axons of the dorsal root. A gradient of staining intensity among dendrites, cell
      bodies, and axons of spinal motor neurons was present, with dendrites staining
      most intensely and axons the least. While dendrites and cell bodies of all
      neurons in the spinal cord were intensely positive, neurons of the dorsal root
      ganglia were variably stained. The axons of labeled dorsal root ganglion cells
      were intensely labeled up to their bifurcation; beyond this point, while only
      occasional central processes in dorsal roots were weakly stained, the majority of
      peripheral processes in spinal nerves were positive. beta,beta'
      Iminodipropionitrile produced segregation of microtubules and membranous
      organelles from neurofilaments in the peripheral nervous system portion and
      accumulation of neurofilaments in the central nervous system portion of spinal
      motor axons. While both anti-MAP2 hybridoma antibodies co-localized with
      microtubules in the central nervous system portion, only one co-localized with
      microtubules in the peripheral nervous system portion of spinal motor axons,
      while the other antibody co-localized with neurofilaments and did not stain the
      central region of the axon which contained microtubules. These findings suggest
      that (a) MAP2 is present in axons of spinal motor neurons, albeit in a lower
      concentration or in a different form than is present in dendrites, and (b) the
      MAP2 in axons interacts with both microtubules and neurofilaments.

PMID- 4038404
TI  - Effect of uracil arabinoside on metabolism and cytotoxicity of cytosine
      arabinoside in L5178Y murine leukemia.
AB  - Pretreatment of L5178Y murine leukemia cells with uracil arabinoside (ara-U)
      enhances the cytotoxicity of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). This effect is
      mediated by the cytostatic effect of ara-U, which causes a delay of cell
      progression through S-phase. Consequently, the specific activity of enzymes that
      peak during S-phase increases, and deoxycytidine kinase increases 3.6-fold over
      untreated controls. This allows enhanced anabolism of ara-C to nucleotides, as
      well as increased incorporation into DNA with ultimate synergistic cytotoxicity.
      It is postulated that the systemic metabolism of high-dose ara-C to sustained
      high levels of ara-U in patients with acute leukemia may enhance the activity of
      subsequent doses of ara-C, and thus contribute to a means for pharmacologic self
      potentiation, contributing to the unique therapeutic activity of high-dose ara-C.

PMID- 4038406
TI  - Coronary thrombolysis and infarct size reduction after intravenous infusion of
      recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in nonhuman primates.
AB  - Occlusive thrombus was produced by thrombin-induced coagulation in the left
      anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of 16 open-chest baboons. In six
      control animals, occlusive thrombosis persisting over a period of 4 h as
      evidenced by coronary arteriography resulted in large transmural infarction (63.1
      +/- 3.5% of the perfusion area). In 10 animals, tissue-type plasminogen activator
      obtained by recombinant DNA technology (rt-PA) was infused systemically at a rate
      of 1,000 IU (10 micrograms)/kg per min for 30 min after 30-80 min of coronary
      thrombosis. Reperfusion occurred within 30 min in nine animals. In one animal,
      intravenous infusion was followed by an intracoronary infusion at the same rate,
      which resulted in thrombolysis within 8 min. In the rt-PA group, mean duration of
      occlusion before reperfusion was 77 +/- 24 min. Reocclusion occurred in one
      animal. Recanalization resulted in an overall reduction of infarct size (37.8 +/-
      5.9%, P less than 0.05 versus controls). Residual infarction was related to the
      duration of occlusion (r = 0.80, P less than 0.01). Reperfusion was associated
      with reduced reflow. Myocardial blood flow in the perfusion area of the LAD was
      only 70% of normal after 4 h despite perfect angiographic refilling. The infusion
      of rt-PA was not associated with systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system,
      fibrinogen breakdown, or clinically evident bleeding. It is concluded that
      intravenous infusion of rt-PA may recanalize thrombosed coronary vessels without
      inducing systemic lysis. The extent of residual infarction is closely related to
      the duration of coronary artery occlusion before thrombolysis.

PMID- 4038405
TI  - Vitamin D status regulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase and its
      responsiveness to parathyroid hormone in the chick.
AB  - We asked this question: Under normal or near-normal metabolic conditions, does
      the prevailing normal or near-normal vitamin D status dampen the activity of 25
      hydroxyvitamin-D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase (1 alpha-hydroxylase) such that it
      determines not only its "basal" activity but also its responsiveness to
      stimulation by increased circulating concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
      To answer this question, we measured the activity of 1 alpha-hydroxylase in
      chicks, with and without administration of PTH, immediately before and during
      deprivation of vitamin D. Before deprivation of vitamin D, 1 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity increased only slightly with administration of PTH. With deprivation of
      vitamin D for 5 and 10 d, while the plasma concentrations of calcium and
      phosphorus persisted normal and unchanged, 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity not only
      increased progressively but also became sharply and increasingly responsive to
      stimulation by administration of PTH. But after 15 d of vitamin D deprivation,
      and the supervention of hypocalcemia, 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity was not
      further increased by the administration of PTH. With deprivation of vitamin D,
      the progressive increase in 1 alpha-hydroxylase correlated inversely with
      circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-[OH]2D), and the decreasing
      calcemic response to PTH correlated inversely with the responsiveness of 1 alpha
      hydroxylase to PTH (in chicks deprived of vitamin D for 1-10 d). These results
      demonstrate that: under normal metabolic conditions, the normal vitamin D status
      regulates the activity of 1 alpha-hydroxylase so as to dampen both its "basal"
      activity and its responsiveness to stimulation by PTH; and vitamin D deprivation
      insufficient to cause hypocalcemia enhances both the "basal" activity of 1 alpha
      hydroxylase and its responsiveness to stimulation by PTH. The results suggest
      that the normal dampening of 1 alpha-hydroxylase and both of the demonstrated
      enhancements of its activity are mediated by normal and reduced levels of
      circulating 1,25-(OH)2D, respectively. The finding that PTH fails to further
      stimulate 1 alpha-hydroxylase when vitamin D deprivation is sufficient in
      duration to cause hypocalcemia confirms the findings of other investigators and
      again demonstrates that observations made during abnormal metabolic circumstances
      may bear little on the physiologic regulation of 1 alpha-hydroxylase under normal
      or near-normal metabolic circumstances.

PMID- 4038408
TI  - Presumed Alzheimer's disease beginning at different ages in two twins.

PMID- 4038407
TI  - Increased glomerular thromboxane synthesis as a possible cause of proteinuria in
      experimental nephrosis.
AB  - Altered glomerular metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) has already been
      demonstrated in experimental nephrotoxic nephritis. The enhanced synthesis of
      thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in isolated glomeruli that has been found may mediate
      changes in renal hemodynamics. The objectives of this investigation were: to
      check whether glomerular AA metabolism is also altered in a model of
      glomerulopathy in which no leukocyte infiltration or platelet deposition could be
      demonstrated; to establish a correlation between the altered AA metabolism and
      proteinuria; and to explore whether the alteration of the prostaglandin (PG)
      pathway found in isolated glomeruli is an in vitro artifact or reflects a
      modification in vivo. We used a model of glomerular damage characterized by heavy
      and persistent proteinuria, which was induced in the rat by a single intravenous
      injection of adriamycin. At light microscopy, minimal glomerular abnormalities
      were found in this model. Electron microscopy showed profound alterations of
      glomerular epithelial cells with extensive fusion of foot processes and signs of
      epithelial cell activation. Electron microscopy of numerous glomeruli showed no
      platelet deposition or macrophage and leukocyte infiltration in this model.
      Isolated glomeruli from nephrotic rats studied 14 or 30 d after a single
      intravenous injection of adriamycin (7.5 mg/kg) when animals were heavily
      proteinuric generated significantly more TxB2, the stable breakdown product of
      TxA2, than normal glomeruli. No significant changes were found in the other major
      AA metabolites formed through cyclooxygenase. Urinary excretion of immunoreactive
      TxB2 was also significantly higher in nephrotic than in normal animals.
      Administration of a selective Tx synthetase inhibitor, UK-38,485, from day 14 to
      day 18 after adriamycin resulted in a significant reduction of proteinuria
      compared with pretreatment values. Glomerular synthesis and urinary excretion of
      TxB2 were normal during the UK-38,485 treatment. Additional experiments showed
      that elevated glomerular synthesis and urinary excretion of TxB2 were not a
      consequence of increased substrate availability. Maximal stimulation of the renin
      angiotensin axis with furosemide increased glomerular TxB2 synthesis in normal
      rats, which was significantly lower than in nephrotic animals. Finally,
      experiments using a unilateral model of adriamycin nephrosis indicated that the
      enhancement of glomerular TxB2 synthesis is not simply a consequence of the
      nephrotic syndrome. We conclude that: there is an abnormality of glomerular AA
      metabolism in nephritic syndrome, which leads to increased TxA2 production; the
      increased Tx generation correlates with protein excretion and might be
      responsible for altering the glomerular basement membrane permeability to
      protein; and the alteration found in isolated glomeruli probably reflects a
      modification in vivo, in that urinary excretion of immunoreactive TxB2 is also
      consistently increased in adriamycin nephrosis.

PMID- 4038409
TI  - Somatomedin-C levels in healthy young and old men: relationship to peak and 24
      hour integrated levels of growth hormone.
AB  - We investigated the relationship between growth hormone secretion and somatomedin
      levels as a function of age in normal healthy men. There was a substantial
      decrease with age in somatomedin levels from 0.95 +/- 0.06 (M +/- SEM) units/ml
      in young (23 to 27 years) men to 0.68 +/- 0.07 in old (58 to 82 years) men. The
      blood samples were taken throughout a 24-hour period, so it was possible to
      analyze the data for correlations between average somatomedin levels and various
      aspects of growth hormone secretion. There was a significant correlation of
      somatomedin level with the 24-hour integrated growth hormone level, and a nearly
      significant correlation with the sum of the highest three peaks, but no
      correlation with the highest nighttime peak or the basal level of growth hormone.
      These lower blood levels of somatomedin in the aged may be responsible, at least
      in part, for the catabolic effects on muscle and bone frequently associated with
      aging.

PMID- 4038410
TI  - High frequency of natural autoantibodies in normal newborn mice.
AB  - Spleen cells from 6-day-old nonimmunized BALB/c and BALB.B10 mice were fused with
      the nonsecreting hybridoma cell line Sp2/0. Three hundred and eighty-four
      immunoglobulin-secreting hybrids were screened for antibody activity against
      mouse actin, tubulin, and myosin, and against TNP, peroxidase, renin, DNA, and
      neurofilaments. At least 24 hybridomas in the collection (6.25%) exhibited
      antibody activity against this panel of antigens. Ten of these hybrids were
      cloned, were propagated, and the corresponding monoclonal IgM protein was
      isolated from ascitic fluids and was further characterized. At least four groups
      of antibody specificities were identified: 1) one clone reacting with TNP only;
      2) one clone reacting with both actin and tubulin; 3) two clones which bound to
      both TNP and actin; and 4) a fourth group, comprising the six other clones, which
      all exhibited widespread reactivity and bound to actin, tubulin, myosin, and TNP.
      These results indicate: 1) B cell clones directed against self antigens are
      activated in the internal environment and are recovered consequently by somatic
      cell hybridization; 2) the widespread antibody specificities found for these
      newborn mouse antibodies are very similar to those previously characterized with
      human natural antibodies and human monoclonal Ig; and 3) the frequency of B cells
      binding to cytoskeletal proteins and TNP is very high (at least 6.25%).

PMID- 4038411
TI  - Asymptomatic carriage of cryptosporidium in the stool of a patient with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4038412
TI  - Intracranial germ cell tumors: pathobiological and immunohistochemical aspects of
      70 cases.
AB  - Seventy cases of histologically verified intracranial germ cell tumor were
      reviewed: 43 germinomas, 16 immature teratomas, seven mature teratomas, two
      embryonal carcinomas, one choriocarcinoma, and one yolk sac tumor. The male-to
      female ratio was 2.6:1. The average age was 19 years in patients with germinoma,
      11 years in patients with immature teratoma, and 17 years in patients with mature
      teratoma. Duration of symptoms averaged 19 months for germinoma, three months for
      immature teratoma, and 11 months for mature teratoma. Sixty-six lesions were
      located in the midline. Fifty-eight percent of the germinomas arose anterior to
      the pineal gland, whereas 29% of the immature and 14% of the mature teratomas
      were located anteriorly. The histologic appearance of the germinomas was
      indistinguishable from that of the usual testicular seminoma. The immature
      teratomas contained tissue from all three germ layers and exhibited morphologic
      features of fetal tissue. Of 14 immature teratomas, seven contained, in addition,
      foci of other malignant germ cell elements; thus, there were two
      teratocarcinomas, two lesions with germinoma and immature teratoma, two lesions
      with extensive rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in an immature teratoma, and one
      lesion with both germinoma and embryonal carcinoma in addition to immature
      teratoma. The seven mature teratomas consisted of fully differentiated epithelial
      and mesenchymal tissues. In 23 cases, immunoperoxidase stains for human chorionic
      gonadotropin (HCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA)
      revealed patterns which, with minor exceptions, were essentially identical to
      those found in genital germ cell lesions. Survival was longest for patients with
      germinomas. In classifying germ cell tumors of the central nervous system, the
      World Health Organization's (WHO) classification of testicular germ cell tumors
      is preferable to its present classification of intracranial germ cell tumors.

PMID- 4038413
TI  - Abnormalities of Purkinje cell arborization in brindled mouse cerebellum. A Golgi
      study.
AB  - The cerebellum of the hemizygous brindled mouse (MObr/y), a murine model of Kinky
      hair disease (KHD) in human beings, was investigated chronologically using the
      Golgi technique. In 15-day-old MObr/y, Purkinje cells showed considerable changes
      in their arborization such as perisomatic dendrite-like processes, numerous spine
      like protrusions from somata and stem dendrites, focal swellings of stem and
      distal dendrites and generally poor development of dendritic trees. These changes
      closely resembled those of KHD. Similar changes except for the focal swellings of
      dendrites, could be found in control mice at day eight but never after day 12. In
      the MObr/y receiving intraperitoneal injections of cupric chloride (CuCl2) on
      postnatal (PN) days seven and ten, Purkinje cells appeared similar, if not
      identical, to those of controls at PN day 15. Focal swellings of dendrites
      transiently reappeared in treated animals after PN day 23 but spontaneously
      subsided by day 110. These results suggested that normal arborization of Purkinje
      cells in MObr/y is at least in part due to delayed maturation, which is
      correctable by cupric chloride (CuCl2) treatment. The "weeping willow" deformity,
      which characterizes Purkinje cells in KHD in humans were not observed in MObr/y.
      Because other neuronal populations, which are known to be deficient in KHD,
      appeared well preserved in the murine mutant, these dendritic deformities may be
      secondary to the loss of other neurons.

PMID- 4038414
TI  - Ultrastructural and morphometric studies of Purkinje cells of brindled mouse
      after administration of cupric chloride.
AB  - The mitochondrial and dendritic changes in Purkinje cells, which developed
      transiently in cupric chloride treated brindled mice, were investigated
      chronologically with light and electron microscopy. Both changes occurred
      predominantly in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. The maximal mitochondrial
      changes coincided with dendritic changes, suggesting that these alterations were
      causally related. In the focally swollen dendrites there were disruption of
      neurotubules, abnormal mitochondria with electron-lucent or electron-dense matrix
      and large lamellar bodies. Quantitative analysis of the dendritic spine revealed
      significant differences in the spine area and synaptic length between the
      brindled mice and normal littermates.

PMID- 4038415
TI  - Effect of narcotic premedication on scintigraphic evaluation of gallbladder
      perforation.
AB  - A case of gallbladder perforation is presented in which a small bile leak was
      demonstrated by cholescintigraphy while the patient was receiving meperidine, but
      not after meperidine was discontinued. The scintigrams obtained during meperidine
      therapy also showed a pattern of bile-duct obstruction. It is suggested that
      increased biliary pressure secondary to meperidine administration permitted
      visualization of the leak. Use of narcotic drugs may be a useful pharmacologic
      intervention in cases of peritonitis due to small or obscure bile leaks.

PMID- 4038416
TI  - Continuous intraperitoneal infusion of pentobarbital: a model of barbiturate
      dependence in the rat.
AB  - The i.p. administration of pentobarbital using an escalating drug-dose schedule
      for an 11-day period resulted in the establishment of dependence on pentobarbital
      in male rats. Mean plasma pentobarbital levels were approximately 5 micrograms/ml
      during the first 3 days of the infusion period. Subsequently, there was observed
      a dose-responsive increase in plasma pentobarbital levels for the next 5 days,
      with a decline in pentobarbital levels noted during the final 3 days of the
      pentobarbital infusion period. Removal of pentobarbital from the infusate
      resulted in a rapid decline in plasma levels to less than 50% by 8 hr into the
      drug-free period and to barely detectable levels by 24 hr. This was correlated
      with a steadily increasing occurrence of withdrawal signs, with a peak occurrence
      by 7 to 9 hr after initiation of the drug-free period. Spontaneous locomotor
      activity was significantly greater in pentobarbital-dosed animals during
      withdrawal than in saline-infused control rats. The i.p. infusion of
      pentobarbital is a quick and reliable method for the study of barbiturate
      dependence in the rat.

PMID- 4038417
TI  - Effect of chronic ethanol administration on arterial baroreceptor function and
      pressor and depressor responsiveness in rats.
AB  - The effect of chronic ethanol administration on arterial baroreflexes was
      investigated in rats. Comparison of the results with those obtained from rats
      kept on an isocaloric control diet revealed that chronic ethanol had a
      differential action on baroreflex sensitivity (BS). The BS after evoked graded
      rises in arterial pressure was inhibited significantly whereas that tested after
      an evoked fall in arterial pressure was augmented significantly in chronic
      ethanol rats. These changes in BS were not secondary to changes in blood pressure
      as resting arterial pressure was similar in both groups. However, the heart rate
      was slightly, but significantly lower in the ethanol group. Challenging
      isocaloric control and chronic ethanol rats with an acute dose of 0.5 g/kg of
      ethanol produced nonsignificant changes in BS when evoked changes in blood
      pressure were both pressor and depressor. A dose of 3 g/kg of ethanol decreased
      the BS tested after phenylephrine-evoked rises in pressure in both groups;
      however, the percentage of inhibition of BS was greater in the isocaloric control
      group. The pressor responsiveness to phenylephrine was reduced slightly in
      chronic ethanol-treated rats, in contrast to that evoked by angiotensin II which
      was augmented slightly as compared to the control group. There was no significant
      difference in the depressor responsiveness to nitroprusside. After injection of
      acute doses of 0.5 and 3 g/kg of ethanol, the dose-response curves to
      phenylephrine were shifted to the right in a dose-related fashion in both groups,
      whereas the angiotensin II and nitroprusside dose-response curve remained
      unchanged after 0.5 g/kg of ethanol in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4038419
TI  - Mini-review. On the possible importance of an intracellular circulation.
AB  - Since ultrastructural, biophysical and other studies continue to demonstrate that
      the internum of the cell is highly structured, the question raised and discussed
      in this review is whether an intracellular circulatory system is essential for
      the maintenance of active metabolism. Although cytoplasmic streaming is evident
      in large animal and plant cells, it is argued that it probably occurs in all
      cells irrespective of size, and is of particular importance in bringing together
      interacting molecules fast enough for metabolic processes to occur which would
      otherwise be far too slow if diffusion were the only form of motion. A common
      intracellular system would suffice for most metabolic processes and would also
      help to dissipate waste products. Interruption of this internal circulation would
      result in the inhibition of metabolic functioning, including for example protein
      turnover, for which evidence is presented to substantiate this hypothesis.

PMID- 4038418
TI  - Facile synthesis of platelet-activating factor and racemic analogues containing
      unsaturation in the sn-1-alkyl chain.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor, 1 (PAF, 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine), and octadecyl-PAF were synthesized chemically as the racemates.
      The sn-1-O-alkyl isomers were isolated after treatment of the racemates with
      phospholipase A2 and subsequent reacetylation of the 1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero
      3-phosphocholines released. Analogues of PAF containing unsaturated alkyl
      moieties at the sn-1 position (2, 4, 5) were synthesized by utilizing the
      methoxyethoxymethyl protecting group as a novel method for preparing unsaturated
      alkyl lipids. This procedure provides a facile means for preparing unsaturated
      either phospholipids of defined structure that may be tritiated to high
      radiospecific activity for metabolic studies. Unsaturation in the alkyl chain had
      minimal effect on the bioactivities examined in this study.

PMID- 4038420
TI  - Salsolinol and dopamine in rat medial basal hypothalamus after chronic ethanol
      exposure.
AB  - Endogenous levels of salsolinol and dopamine were measured by a gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) - selected ion monitoring technique
      using deuterated internal standards in Long Evans rats chronically exposed to
      ethanol for ten months. Chronic ethanol exposure produced significant increases
      of dopamine and salsolinol concentrations in the medial basal hypothalamus but
      not striatum. The data suggest that the occurrence of salsolinol in rat brain
      tissue is a consequence of an in vivo Pictet-Spengler cyclization.

PMID- 4038421
TI  - Hepatosplenic peliosis after danazol and glucocorticoids for ITP.

PMID- 4038422
TI  - The heart in hypertension.

PMID- 4038423
TI  - Diagnosis of the unstable detrusor: comparison of an incremental and continuous
      infusion technique.
AB  - Incremental infusion cystometry and continuous infusion urethrocystometry were
      performed on sequential days in 52 patients with an unstable detrusor. Bladder
      compliance was the same in both techniques. However, continuous infusion
      urethrocystometry demonstrated involuntary detrusor contractions in three times
      as many patients as incremental infusion cystometry. It is concluded that in the
      supine position, medium rate continuous infusion urethrocystometry is more
      discriminating than rapid rate incremental infusion cystometry with a Lewis
      recording cystometer in the demonstration of involuntary detrusor contractions.

PMID- 4038424
TI  - The human weaning process.
AB  - The weaning process in relation to the nutritional adequacy of human lactation is
      reviewed. Current trends in breast-feeding, both in industrialized countries and
      the developing world, are considered, as well as associated changes in weaning
      practices. Consideration is also given to infant growth patterns in the Western
      world and how these are being influenced by current dietary practices. The
      nutritional requirements of babies during the first year of life are discussed,
      and recent concepts indicating that current estimates might be in excess of
      physiologic needs are introduced. These theories are of fundamental practical
      importance in terms of defining the length of time that exclusive breast-feeding
      remains adequate and determining when the introduction of complementary foods
      becomes necessary on nutritional grounds. It is emphasized that the weaning
      process is naturally a lengthy one, lasting many months rather than a few weeks,
      and that the provision of additional foods need not inhibit a mother's capacity
      for lactation as long as these feeds are administered in the correct fashion.

PMID- 4038425
TI  - Mycobacterium avium infection in a silicone-injected breast.
AB  - A case of atypical mycobacterial infection (M. avium intracellulare) in a
      silicone-injection augmented breast is described. The silicone injection may have
      been a contributing factor to the development of this unusual infection.
      Disseminated M. avium was present in this patient, with breast involvement being
      suggested by the rapid appearance and disappearance of localized areas of
      erythema and tenderness. Aggressive treatment of these breast infections while
      they are still localized may prevent systemic spread. Conventional incision and
      drainage of the breast abscess combined with multidrug treatment directed against
      M. avium is the recommended therapy.

PMID- 4038426
TI  - Ascorbic acid and the behavioral response to haloperidol: implications for the
      action of antipsychotic drugs.
AB  - Haloperidol, a widely used antipsychotic drug, was tested for its ability to
      block the behavioral response to amphetamine and to elicit catalepsy in rats
      treated with saline or ascorbic acid (1000 milligrams per kilogram of body
      weight). By itself, ascorbic acid failed to exert significant behavioral effects,
      but it enhanced the antiamphetamine and cataleptogenic effects of haloperidol
      (0.1 or 0.5 milligrams per kilogram). These results, combined with a growing body
      of biochemical evidence, suggest that ascorbic acid plays an important role in
      modulating the behavioral effects of haloperidol and related antipsychotic drugs.

PMID- 4038427
TI  - Ototoxicity of subcutaneously administered aztreonam in neonatal rats.
AB  - Aztreonam (SQ 26,776) was given subcutaneously to three groups of neonatal rats
      at daily doses of 150, 600, and 2400 mg/kg from postnatal Days 10 through 16. Two
      similar groups given 400 mg of streptomycin kg-1 day-1 or 12 ml of 0.9% sodium
      chloride kg-1 day-1 on the same schedule served as a positive and negative
      control group, respectively. On postnatal Days 28 and 56, the neonates were
      evaluated for level of spontaneous activity and auditory and vestibular function.
      Half of the neonates in each group were necropsied on postnatal Day 29, and the
      other half on postnatal Day 57. The inner ears of all neonates were evaluated for
      histopathologic evidence of ototoxicity. No functional or histopathologic
      evidence of ototoxicity was found in any neonatal rat dosed with aztreonam or
      saline. However, neonates given streptomycin were hyperactive, had severely
      impaired hearing and vestibular function, and had morphologic changes in the
      sensory nerve endings of the semicircular canals, utriculus, sacculus, and
      cochlea. The histopathologic evidence of the ototoxic effects of streptomycin
      correlated highly with the functional data. Thus, under these conditions,
      aztreonam demonstrated no ototoxic effects in neonatal rats.

PMID- 4038428
TI  - Tissue characterization by magnetic resonance imaging in hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4038429
TI  - Soy protein products and heme iron absorption in humans.
AB  - Dual radioiron tags were used to measure both heme and nonheme iron absorption
      simultaneously from meat-containing meals in 76 healthy male volunteers. Partial
      substitution of beef with soy flour reduced the availability of nonheme iron but
      improved the percentage absorption of heme iron significantly (27 to 59% rise).
      In contradistinction three other powerful inhibitors of nonheme iron absorption,
      bran, tea, and desferrioxamine, had no appreciable effect on heme. Ascorbic acid
      (100 mg and 1000 mg in separate experiments) improved nonheme iron uptake
      markedly but also failed to alter the assimilation of heme. These studies
      demonstrate that the deleterious effects on iron nutrition of substituting soy
      protein for beef are partially offset by improved availability of the remaining
      heme iron as well as by an increase in the nonheme iron content of the meal.

PMID- 4038430
TI  - An acute myeloproliferative disorder characterized by myelofibrosis and blast
      cells that express phenotypic properties associated with multiple hematopoietic
      lineages.
AB  - The authors investigated the blast cells obtained from two patients with acute
      myelofibrosis with the use of recently developed immunochemical and
      ultrastructural markers. They intended to examine the expression of
      megakaryoblastic, erythroblastic, myeloblastic, and monoblastic properties in
      these cells. Respectively, 20% and 15% of the blasts from patient 1 and patient 2
      expressed a megakaryoblastic phenotype as determined by reactivity with a
      polyclonal platelet glycoprotein antisera (PGP). However, 55% and 73% of these
      patients' blasts also exhibited myeloid/monocytic properties. Ultrastructural
      studies clearly demonstrated findings consistent with the presence of
      myeloblasts, monoblasts, and erythroblasts, as well as undifferentiated agranular
      blasts. These findings demonstrate the existence of a disorder in which blast
      cells simultaneously express properties associated with multiple hematopoietic
      lineages. This disorder is characterized by impaired terminal differentiation.

PMID- 4038431
TI  - Hepatic encephalopathy associated with extensive portal-hepatic venous shunts: a
      case report.
AB  - Extensive intrahepatic portal-hepatic venous anastomosis is very rare. This
      report describes a 47-year-old man with cirrhosis who presented with mental
      confusion and flapping tremor, and in whom percutaneous transhepatic portography
      and superior mesenteric angiography demonstrated shunting between the portal vein
      branches and the right hepatic vein. Measurements of pressure, ammonia, and
      immunoreactive insulin in blood of the portal and right hepatic veins clearly
      indicated that a large amount of portal vein blood was being shunted into the
      right hepatic vein. These findings suggest that hepatic encephalopathy in this
      patient is accounted for at least in part by an intrahepatic portal-hepatic
      venous shunting.

PMID- 4038432
TI  - Steroid-induced hypersegmentation in neutrophiles.
AB  - The effect of glucocorticoid administration on the nuclear segmentation of
      circulating granulocytes was studied in 13 patients with hematologic disorders
      and in two normal volunteers. In seventeen of eighteen courses, the granulocyte
      nuclear lobe count increased from 3.24 +/- 0.12 (SD) to 3.41 +/- 0.12 by the
      third day of treatment (P less than .001). Nuclear segmentation increased even
      further with continued therapy during a week of observation. Thus, like
      deficiencies of folate and of vitamin B12, glucocorticoid therapy causes
      neutrophil hypersegmentation. The cause of this effect is not known.

PMID- 4038433
TI  - Intravenous gammaglobulin in refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura: efficacy
      with or without concomitant steroid therapy.
AB  - Two patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to
      conventional management with steroids and splenectomy were treated with 5-day
      courses of intravenous gamma globulin (Gamimune-Cutter), 400 mg/kg/day.
      Improvement was observed in both cases even while steroids were being tapered. In
      each case when thrombocytopenia subsequently recurred or worsened, further
      therapy with IV gamma globulin without concomitant steroids was followed by
      definite increase in platelet numbers. These observations confirm that the Cutter
      preparation of IV gamma globulin is efficacious in the management of refractory
      ITP and suggest that in this clinical setting response to IV gamma globulins can
      occur without concomitant administration of corticosteroids.

PMID- 4038434
TI  - Treatment of a cyclodialysis cleft with argon laser photocoagulation in a patient
      with a shallow anterior chamber.
AB  - A 27-year-old man developed a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft with resulting
      hypotony. He had a flat peripheral anterior chamber, but the chamber was
      successfully deepened with the help of a Zeiss four-mirror goniolens, and the
      cyclodialysis cleft treated with argon laser photocoagulation.

PMID- 4038435
TI  - Laser trabeculoplasty re-treatment.
AB  - Because of inadequate control of intraocular pressure, 26 eyes of 24 patients
      with primary and secondary open-angle glaucoma who had previously undergone argon
      laser trabeculoplasty were re-treated. Re-treatment was successful in ten eyes
      (38%); their average decrease in intraocular pressure was 10.2 mm Hg. After laser
      re-treatment, three eyes (12%) had marked increases in intraocular pressure,
      ranging from 10 to 37 mm Hg above baseline, necessitating urgent surgical
      intervention.

PMID- 4038437
TI  - Microfilaments and the effects of antidiuretic hormone on water permeability.

PMID- 4038436
TI  - Vascular tumors produced by NIH/3T3 cells transfected with human AIDS Kaposi's
      sarcoma DNA.
AB  - Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have a high incidence
      of Kaposi's sarcoma. The etiology, histogenesis, and neoplastic nature of this
      neoplasm have been controversial. We have therefore searched for transforming
      gene(s) associated with AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma. DNA from an AIDS patient's
      Kaposi's sarcoma was transfected into NIH 3T3 cells. Control DNA was derived from
      human fibroblasts or salmon sperm. Kaposi's sarcoma DNA, but not the control DNA,
      transforms NIH/3T3 cells with a frequency of approximately 0.02 foci per 5 X
      10(5) cells/micrograms DNA. The primary and secondary transfectants contain human
      repetitive DNA sequences. The transfected clones produced hemorrhagic
      angiosarcomatous neoplasms when implanted in nude mice. The histology of the nude
      mouse tumors is very similar to human Kaposi's sarcoma. The tumor produced by
      some transfectants is highly invasive and metastatic in nude mice. No significant
      homologues of rasN, rasH, rasK, v-sis, v-src and v-fes oncogenes (known to
      transform NIH/3T3 cells) were identified in the Kaposi's sarcoma DNA-transformed
      cells. Thus, AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma DNA may contain a distinct transforming
      gene(s).

PMID- 4038438
TI  - Involvement of calcium and cytoskeleton in gallbladder epithelial cell volume
      regulation.
AB  - The importance of calcium and cellular cytoskeletal elements in the activation or
      control of volume regulation by epithelial cells was explored in Necturus
      gallbladder. Gallbladder cells have been previously shown to rapidly readjust
      their volumes to control size after osmotic perturbation of the mucosal bathing
      solution. Removal of calcium from the perfusates caused dramatic morphological
      changes that prevented assessment of the role of extracellular calcium in volume
      regulation. The regulatory volume increase (RVI) that follows shrinkage of the
      cell due to perfusion of a hypertonic mannitol solution is insensitive to agents
      that interfere with cell calcium- or calmodulin-mediated events (quinidine,
      trifluoperazine) and is not blocked by agents that cause changes in the
      cytoskeleton (colchicine, cytochalasin B). Osmotically induced cell swelling is
      followed by regulatory volume decrease (RVD), which is inhibited by agents that
      interfere with calcium-dependent processes (quinidine, trifluoperazine) and by
      the microfilament inhibitor, cytochalasin B. These results indicate that RVD
      depends on calcium, calmodulin, and an intact microfilament network, whereas RVI
      is independent of these factors.

PMID- 4038439
TI  - How laboratory dogs accommodate meals of different size but similar composition.
AB  - Healthy laboratory dogs appear to absorb a mixed meal from the gut at a constant
      rate. This rate is apparently not affected by meal size. If this is the case,
      then duration of absorption should depend on total or integrated meal size,
      whereas metabolite and hormonal levels would be independent of the number of
      feedings. To explore these hypotheses further, we compared the metabolite and
      hormonal responses with a single mixed meal and one divided in two halves,
      provided in two feedings 4 h apart. We detected no effect of the second meal in
      the metabolic response levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, free fatty
      acids, or 3-hydroxybutyrate or the hormonal responses of insulin, pancretic
      glucagon, gastrin, or secretin. Only minor differences were detectable in the
      hormonal response levels of pancreatic polypeptide, gastric inhibitory peptide,
      and enteroglucagon, consistent with a response to a second meal. We conclude that
      the observed change in circulating metabolite or hormone concentration is
      independent of the size of meal eaten, but the duration of the excursion depends
      on meal size. Thus, during the bulk phase of nutrient uptake, the absorption
      mechanism of the laboratory dog appears to be saturated.

PMID- 4038440
TI  - Suppression of endotoxin-induced corticosterone secretion in rats by H1
      antihistamine.
AB  - Corticosterone (CS) secretion is stimulated in rats by an intraperitoneal
      injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or by subjecting the animals to
      immobilization stress. LPS injection caused a significant increase in the lung
      histamine level and a sharp reduction in the number of intact peritoneal mast
      cells. Injection of compound 48/80, a histamine liberator, provoked an increase
      in the histamine levels of the blood and lung and a decrease in the number of
      intact peritoneal mast cells with a concomitant increase in CS secretion.
      Administration of histamine, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, induced a marked increase in
      CS release. LPS-induced CS secretion was attenuated by pretreatment with an H1
      antihistamine, promethazine (PMZ), whereas an H2-antihistamine, metiamide, had no
      effect. In contrast, PMZ was ineffective on CS release provoked by immobilization
      stress. These results suggest that LPS-induced CS release is mediated, in part,
      by histamine released in the peripheral tissues, whereas an immobilization stress
      induced increase is not mediated by the amine.

PMID- 4038441
TI  - Developmental maturation of D-glucose transport by rat jejunal brush-border
      membrane vesicles.
AB  - D-Glucose uptake into jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles was studied in
      suckling (2-wk-old), weanling (3-wk-old), and adolescent (6-wk-old) rats. The
      purity of the membrane vesicles from all age groups was validated by the finding
      that the specific activity of brush-border enzyme markers was severalfold greater
      in membrane vesicles compared with corresponding values in mucosal homogenate. D
      Glucose uptake was inversely related to increasing medium osmolality, indicating
      that uptake of D-glucose was into the intravesicular space rather than binding. D
      Glucose uptake was sodium dependent at all age groups; however, the initial
      uptake at 20 s was significantly greater in adolescent rats compared with
      suckling rats. The addition of valinomycin to KCl-preincubated vesicles in the
      presence of Na+ gradient resulted in a severalfold increase in D-glucose initial
      uptake over Na+ gradient alone, indicating that D-glucose uptake was electrogenic
      at all age groups. To delineate the mechanism for the decrease in the initial
      uptake in suckling rats, two experiments were performed: 1) an exchange tracer
      study that indicated the activity of D-glucose-Na+ transporters was similar in
      suckling and adolescent rats, and 2) a study that indicated 22Na uptake, as an
      indicator for Na+ permeability, was significantly greater in suckling rats
      compared with adolescent rats. These findings suggest that a Na+-dependent,
      electrogenic D-glucose uptake is already developed in the suckling period;
      however, because of the increased permeability to Na+, the Na+ gradient
      dissipates faster, resulting in a decrease in initial uptake.

PMID- 4038442
TI  - Concordance for the syndrome of autism in 40 pairs of afflicted twins.
AB  - The UCLA Registry for Genetic Studies in Autism was established in 1980 to test
      the hypothesis that genetic factors may be etiologically significant in subsets
      of patients. To date 61 pairs of twins have enrolled and 40 meet research
      diagnostic criteria for autism. The authors found a concordance for autism in
      these 40 pairs of 95.7% in the monozygotic twins (22 of 23) and 23.5% in the
      dizygotic twins (four of 17).

PMID- 4038443
TI  - Intrathecal clonidine: analgesia and effect on opiate withdrawal in the rat.
AB  - Clonidine, an alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, has analgesic properties and recently
      has been used to suppress opiate withdrawal. These two properties theoretically
      make it a suitable analgesic substitute in patients tolerant to opioids. The
      objectives of this study were to see if intrathecal clonidine is analgesic and
      whether it can modify morphine withdrawal at the spinal level. Rats chronically
      implanted with catheters in the lumbar subarachnoid space were utilized. In
      analgesia experiments, intrathecal clonidine produced analgesia with the peak
      effect in the paw-lick test occurring at 200nM, and in the tail-flick test
      analgesia was apparent at 100 nM and peaked at 400 nM (in 10 microL Ringer's
      lactate). In dependency experiments, animals dependent on morphine (300 mg X kg
      1) received intrathecal clonidine 25, 50, 200 nM in 10 microliter Ringer's
      lactate 72 h after morphine. Following this, a naloxone challenge, 3 mg X kg-1
      was administered and withdrawal assessed. Clonidine-treated animals showed
      significant weight loss and decrease in temperature, and those treated with high
      doses showed marked hypothermia and hind-limb flaccidity. Intrathecal clonidine
      prevented the hyperalgesia associated with opiate withdrawal but did not affect
      the occurrence of the majority of behavioral signs (e.g., piloerection,
      irritability) associated with morphine withdrawal. Intrathecal clonidine
      prevented the naloxone-induced increase in blood pressure during withdrawal and
      in animals not treated with morphine-produced hypotension. Thus, intrathecal
      clonidine is analgesic, and part of the antiwithdrawal action of clonidine may be
      exerted at the spinal level.

PMID- 4038444
TI  - [The effect of continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion using high-dose cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum for peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancers].
AB  - A continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion using high-dose cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate, was applied
      to eight patients with peritoneal metastasis from gastric cancers. Two of eight
      patients showed partial response and the rate of decrease of ascites was 38%.
      Renal failure and leukopenia were observed in one and two patients, respectively,
      but no severe or lethal dysfunction was observed and all were tolerated. These
      results showed that CDDP exerted anti-tumor effects on peritoneal metastasis from
      gastric cancers when used in high doses in combination with hyperthermia.

PMID- 4038445
TI  - [Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) in the treatment of a refractory non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma with renal involvement].
AB  - A case of refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with renal involvement that showed
      marked response to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP) is reported. It is
      noteworthy that there was clear dissociation of responses between the renal
      lesion and extrarenal ones. CDDP is considered to be useful as part of a second
      line or salvage therapy for refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 4038447
TI  - [Complete remission of recurrent ovarian dysgerminoma obtained by combined
      chemotherapy with cisplatin, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide].
AB  - Based on the clinical course of ovarian dysgerminoma with multiple metastatic
      foci in the lung recurring at 7 years and a half after initial therapy, various
      problems of diagnosis, treatment, and administration of this tumor were
      discussed. As to the multiple recurrent foci, complete remission was obtained by
      3 courses of combined chemotherapy with cisplatin, adriamycin and
      cyclophosphamide. Generally speaking, this type of tumor is remarkably sensitive
      to various kinds of oncostatics, and chemotherapy involving the above
      chemotherapeutic agents is worth trying in selective cases of advanced or
      recurrent cases.

PMID- 4038446
TI  - [Effect of cis-platinum in neuroblastoma].
AB  - We treated six children with neuroblastomas. They were all refractory to
      conventional chemotherapy or at an advanced stage when diagnosed. Patients were
      four males and two females aged 1 to 7 years old, with a mean age of 3.7 years.
      Total cis-DDP dose ranged from 60 mg/m2 to 720 mg/m2, with a median dose of 240
      mg/m2, and a mean dose of 260 mg/m2. Of the six children, two were PR, three were
      PD, and one was NC. Of three non-responses, two cases were clinically improved.
      Two cases had renal dysfunction but this improved within 3 weeks. It is said that
      cis-DDP induces irreversible renal damage, especially tubular necrosis. Our two
      cases had progressively decreased creatinine clearance, though values of BUN and
      creatinine were normal. Bone marrow suppression was mild, so there was no need to
      discontinue or modify the cis-DDP chemotherapy schedules. Two hypo-magnesemia
      were found, both cases being asymptomatic. Transient liver dysfunction occurred
      in one child, and nausea and vomiting were observed in almost all cases.

PMID- 4038448
TI  - [Prophylactic efficacy of timiperone (Tolopelon) in vomiting caused by DDP].

PMID- 4038449
TI  - Neonatal lumbar plexus injury.

PMID- 4038450
TI  - Hearing acuity of children with otitis media with effusion.
AB  - Hearing levels are reported for a cohort of 222 infants (aged 7 to 24 months) and
      540 older children (aged 2 to 12 years) with otitis media with effusion (OME).
      The infants had an average speech awareness threshold of 24.6 dB hearing level
      (HL). The older group had mean bone conduction thresholds less than 10 dB HL, and
      air conduction thresholds averaged 27 dB HL; however, acuity was 7 dB less
      impaired at 2,000 Hz. The mean three-frequency pure tone average and speech
      reception threshold were 24.5 and 22.7 dB, respectively. Hearing acuity was not
      significantly related to age or previous duration of OME. The otoscopic
      observation of an air-fluid level or bubbles was associated with less hearing
      impairment; however, a predictive relationship between hearing levels and
      tympanogram characteristics could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 4038451
TI  - Benzo[a]pyrene metabolism and DNA adduct formation mediated by English sole liver
      enzymes.
AB  - Tritiated benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and (+/-)-7,8-dihydroBaP (BaP 7,8-dihydrodiol)
      were incubated with English sole liver microsomes in the presence of salmon
      testes DNA. The modified deoxynucleosides were isolated by Sephadex LH-20 column
      chromatography and analyzed by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography
      (HPLC). A single, major adduct (60-68% of the total modified deoxynucleosides)
      was formed when either BaP or BaP 7,8-dihydrodiol was incubated with sole liver
      microsomes and DNA. Although other minor BaP-DNA adducts were formed, none
      represented greater than 3% of the total adducts. The major adduct had a
      retention time on HPLC identical to that of the N2-[10 beta (7 beta, 8 alpha, 9
      alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene)yl]-deoxy-guanosine (7R-anti
      BPDE/trans-dG) adduct formed when anti-BPDE, the ultimate carcinogen of BaP in
      mammals, was incubated with DNA. Analysis of the Bay region tetrols showed that
      only the 7 alpha, 8 beta, 9 beta, 10 alpha-tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydroBaP, a
      hydrolysis product of the anti-BPDE, was formed when BaP was incubated with sole
      liver microsomes. When BaP 7,8-dihydrodiol was used as the substrate, the 7
      alpha, 8 beta, 9 beta, 10 alpha-, 7 alpha, 8 beta, 9 alpha, 10 beta-, and 7
      alpha, 8 beta, 9 alpha, 10 alpha-tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydroBaP's were
      formed, indicating the formation of both anti- and syn-BPDE. The ratio of tetrols
      of anti-BPDE/syn-BPDE was 2; however, the ratio of adducts of anti-BPDE/syn-BPDE
      was 20. Thus, the findings show that hepatic microsomes of English sole, a fish
      species having a high incidence of liver neoplasia in chemically contaminated
      estuaries, metabolized BaP and BaP 7,8-dihydrodiol stereoselectively to form
      predominantly the 7R-anti-BPDE/trans-dG adduct.

PMID- 4038452
TI  - Non-invasive estimation by cross sectional echocardiography of myocardial damage
      in cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Retrospective and prospective studies of high resolution cross sectional
      echocardiograms were undertaken in order to establish an ultrasonic method for
      the non-invasive estimation of degeneration and fibrosis of the endomyocardium in
      cases of cardiomyopathy. When the echocardiograms of the ventricular wall were
      compared with the histological specimens intense abnormal echoes were seen at the
      sites of myocardial degeneration and fibrosis of the ventricular wall. The
      abnormal echoes classified into five types: types I, II, III-1, III-2, and III-3.
      Type I and type III-1 echoes were the strongest followed by those of types II and
      III-2, and then those of type III-3. The intensity of the abnormal echoes was 5
      20 decibels stronger than that from intact tissue and was closely related to the
      consistency and density of the diseased tissue. These findings strongly suggest
      that the boundary between degeneration or fibrosis and the intact normal
      myocardium was the source of the abnormal myocardial echoes and that the extent
      and the pattern of the distribution of the sites of degeneration and fibrosis in
      the myocardium were reflected in the echo patterns. Thus the tissue
      characteristics of the sites of degeneration or fibrosis of the myocardium may be
      determined non-invasively by measuring the echo intensity.

PMID- 4038453
TI  - Conduction system defects in three perinatal patients with arrhythmia.
AB  - The cardiac conduction systems of three patients who died in the perinatal period
      were studied histologically. Rhythm disturbances were observed in these patients
      immediately before death. The sinus node was notably hypoplastic without increase
      in fibrous content in all cases. The atrioventricular node was smaller than
      expected in all, and the entire atrioventricular conduction axis was small in two
      cases. This study supports the need for a detailed examination of the cardiac
      conduction system so as to provide a better understanding of the
      clinicoanatomical relation in the context of fatal perinatal arrhythmias.

PMID- 4038455
TI  - Fetal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms and placental resistance: clinical
      significance.
AB  - Since the umbilical arteries carry fetal blood to the placenta we studied flow
      velocity waveforms in these vessels with a simple continuous wave Doppler system
      to assess placental blood flow. The ratio of peak systolic to least diastolic
      (A/B) flow velocity was measured as an index of placental flow resistance. In 15
      normal pregnancies there was a small but significant decrease in this ratio
      through the last trimester. The A/B ratio was measured on 436 occasions in 168
      high-risk pregnancies. In 32 of 43 fetuses subsequently shown to be small for
      gestational age there was an increase in placental flow resistance with reduced,
      absent or even reversed flow in diastole. This finding was also present in the
      one fetus which died in utero. Serial studies in patients with fetal compromise
      indicated increasing flow resistance, a reverse of the normal trend. These
      results were not available to the clinician yet of 24 fetuses born before 32
      weeks 13 had a high A/B ratio, and all of them were born electively. Maternal
      hypertension was associated with an increase in fetal placental flow resistance.
      The umbilical artery A/B ratio provides a new and non-invasive measure of feto
      placental blood flow resistance.

PMID- 4038454
TI  - Retinol and postoperative colorectal cancer patients.
AB  - In order to determine whether low plasma levels of retinol and its carrier
      (retinol binding protein) are related to increased risk of cancer recurrence,
      these were measured in 103 patients who had had colorectal cancer surgically
      removed. According to the modification of the Dukes' classification, 66 had B2
      tumours (with no nodal involvement' and 37 had C tumours (with lymph-node
      metastases). These patients were part of the Cross Cancer Institute Adjuvant GI
      Cohorts who were on the control arms receiving no further treatment. At the time
      of blood sample collection, they were believed to be free of neoplastic disease.
      The post-operative patients were found to be associated with subnormal
      circulatory levels of retinol (43.3 micrograms dl-1 vs 65.3 micrograms dl-1) and
      its carrier protein (4.6 mg dl-1 vs 5.7 mg dl-1), when compared with apparently
      healthy subjects. The latter being more markedly depressed in patients with "C"
      type tumour (3.8 mg dl-1) than that in those with "B2" type tumour (5.0 mg dl-1).
      These findings appeared to be persistent during the follow-up study when a second
      blood sample was collected, one to four months later from 40 patients.
      Furthermore, the initial plasma retinol level in conjunction with RBP was found
      to be even lower in 12 patients (35.1 micrograms dl-1, 3.7 mg dl-1) who
      subsequently had cancer recurrence than in those who remained free of apparent
      cancer (44.5 micrograms dl-1, 4.6 mg dl-1). The lowest initial values of retinol
      (19.3 micrograms; 18.8 micrograms dl-1) and RBP (2.4; 1.6 mg dl-1) recorded in
      the study were seen in the only two patients who died of the disease at the time
      of follow-up.

PMID- 4038456
TI  - A kinetic analysis of hexose transport in cultured human lymphocytes (IM-9).
AB  - 3-O-Methyl-D-glucose transport across the plasma membrane of cultured human
      lymphocytes of the IM-9 line was followed for net entry into sugar-free cells
      (zero trans entry), net exit into sugar-free medium (zero trans exit) and for
      equilibration of labelled sugar in cells with the same sugar concentration in the
      intracellular water as in the medium (equilibrium exchange). The measurements
      were performed at 37 degrees C (pH 7.4). Equilibrium exchange of 1 mM 3-O
      methylglucose (t 1/2 about 7 S) was exponential, suggesting a homogeneous cell
      suspension. Initial rates of transport showed a Michaelis-Menten dependency on
      the sugar concentration. The transport system was found to be asymmetric with the
      following kinetic parameters. Zero trans entry: Km = 2.8 mM, Vmax = 10.7 mM X min
      1. Zero trans exit: Km = 9.5 mM, Vmax = 37.9 mM X min-1. Equilibrium exchange: Km
      = 9.9 mM, Vmax = 44.0 mM X min-1. Finally, the affinity constant for the internal
      site was measured as approx. 1.2 mM using the infinite cis protocol.

PMID- 4038457
TI  - Effect of D-galactosamine in vitro on [U-14C]palmitate oxidation, triacylglycerol
      synthesis and secretion in isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - Isolated rat hepatocytes were used to study in vitro effects of 10 mM D
      galactosamine (GalN) on hepatic fatty acids metabolism. At this concentration,
      membrane integrity and biochemical competence (i.e., gluconeogenesis and
      ureogenesis) remained unaffected. Protein synthesis and secretion, as measured by
      the incorporation of [U-14C]leucine into total and medium protein, was
      significantly inhibited when incubated for more than 2 h. GalN activated the
      incorporation of [U-14C]palmitate into triacylglycerols and depressed its
      utilization in the formation of labelled ketone bodies and 14CO2. Hepatocytes
      isolated from fasted rats exposed to GalN in vitro did not show any variation in
      prelabelled triacylglycerol secretion. GalN induced a rapid inhibition of
      prelabelled triacylglycerol secretion by hepatocytes isolated from fed rats in
      which this secretion occurred to a larger extent than in hepatocytes isolated
      from fasted rats. The data reported here suggest that GalN induces a rise of
      triacylglycerol synthesis by inhibiting the palmitate oxidation pathway and a
      decrease of triacylglycerol secretion through an early derangement of the
      secretory pathway.

PMID- 4038458
TI  - The phospholipids of lamellar body material from fetal rabbit lung tissue in
      culture. Unusual phosphatidylcholine fatty acid profile.
AB  - Tissue pieces of rabbit fetal lung, 23 days gestation, were cultured for 7 days
      in serum-free medium to obtain lamellar body material for phospholipid analysis.
      Cultures were maintained in culture medium without serum and (1) with no added
      hormones (control cultures), (2) with thyroxine (1 x 10(-7) M), (3) with cortisol
      (1 x 10(-7) M) and (4) with thyroxine plus cortisol (1 x 10(-7) M each). The
      hormonal response was evaluated by measuring the quantity of lamellar body
      material isolated from the tissue pieces after the 7-day culture period. Compared
      to control cultures, more lamellar body material was recovered from cultures
      treated with cortisol (180% of control) and with thyroxine plus cortisol (250% of
      control). Cultures treated with thyroxine alone yielded the same amount of
      lamellar body material as the controls. Hormone treatment produced only minor
      changes in the glycerophospholipid profile of the lamellar body material. A small
      but significant increase in the percentage of phosphatidylglycerol and a small
      but significant decrease in phosphatidylinositol were found in lamellar body
      material from cultures treated with thyroxine and thyroxine plus cortisol. The
      disaturated phosphatidylcholine content of the lamellar body material from
      culture was 28% of the total lamellar body phospholipid and was not affected by
      hormone treatment. This disaturated phosphatidylcholine content was low compared
      to the disaturated phosphatidylcholine of lamellar body material from adult lung
      (46%). The low proportion of disaturated phosphatidylcholine was due to the
      unusual presence of palmitoleic acid (16:1(cis-9)), which was more than one
      fourth of the total fatty acid of the lamellar body phosphatidylcholine. It is
      possible that an abnormal delta 9 fatty acid desaturation activity was expressed
      in the lung tissue in vitro, which resulted in the high incorporation of the 16:1
      fatty acid into lamellar body phosphatidylcholine.

PMID- 4038459
TI  - Liposomal membranes. XX. Autoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in liposomal
      membranes.
AB  - Autoxidation of egg phosphatidylcholines and polyunsaturated fatty acids,
      arachidonic and linoleic acids, has been investigated in homogeneous and
      liposomal membrane systems. In order to monitor the very initial stage of the
      radical chain mechanism of the autoxidation, an improved method using 1,1
      diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical was newly implemented and used with the regular
      thiobarbituric acid test to determine the peroxides of polyunsaturated fatty
      acids. Autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids or lipids was significantly
      enhanced in liposomal bilayers compared to that in a bulk homogeneous solution.
      In liposomal bilayers, the reaction could be controlled by membrane fluidity,
      which was confirmed by the fluorescence polarization technique using 1,6
      diphenylhexatriene and dansylhexadecylamine. Even vitamin E esters such as the
      acetate and the pivalate could depress effectively the autoxidation of egg
      phosphatidylcholines in bilayer systems, which supported Lucy's proposal
      (Diplock, A.T. and Lucy, J.A. (1973) FEBS Lett. 29, 205-210) about the importance
      of the side-chain of vitamin E as an antioxidant.

PMID- 4038460
TI  - Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and lysophosphatidylcholine:
      lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase in alveolar type II cells from fetal rat
      lung.
AB  - The specific activity of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase in sonicated
      fetal rat lung type II cells was found to be an order of magnitude greater than
      that of lysophosphatidylcholine:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase. The
      specific activity of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase in sonicated fetal
      rat lung type II cells increases towards the end of gestation, whereas that of
      lysophosphatidylcholine:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase does not show a
      change. While lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase in whole fetal lung
      homogenate is more active towards oleoyl-CoA than towards palmitoyl-CoA, the
      enzyme in sonicated fetal type II cells is more active towards palmitoyl-CoA. If
      measured with palmitoyl-CoA as acyl donor, the specific activity of
      lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase in type II cells is higher than that in
      whole lung during late gestation. In contrast, the specific activity of
      lysophosphatidylcholine:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase in type II cells
      is lower than that in whole lung. These observations indicate that in fetal rat
      type II cells the deacylation-reacylation cycle is more important for the
      formation of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine than the deacylation-transacylation
      process.

PMID- 4038461
TI  - Antibodies to 5 M urea soluble chromosomal proteins from HeLa cells.
AB  - The tissue specificity of a chromosomal protein fraction, extractable from
      chromatin with 5 M urea at low ionic strength, has been examined in HeLa, A549
      and HT 29 cells. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels indicates that each cell
      type has a different content of 5 M urea soluble proteins which are
      distinguishable from the histones, from the tight DNA-binding proteins and from
      the high-mobility-group chromosomal proteins. Antibodies against 5 M urea soluble
      proteins extracted from HeLa cells were produced in mice. Although each of the
      mice tested prior to immunization contained a detectable amount of antibodies
      against both the 5 M urea soluble proteins and tight DNA-binding proteins,
      immunization elevated the level of the antibodies in the serum over 100-fold. The
      antibodies do not distinguish between the 5 M urea extracts obtained from
      different sources because most of the antibodies are directed against antigens
      shared by the cells studied. Immunofluorescence studies reveal that components
      which cross-react with 5 M urea soluble chromosomal proteins are also present in
      the cytoplasm. We conclude the following. (1) 5 M urea extracts from chromatin a
      group of proteins which differs among cells. (2) Mice contain detectable amounts
      of autoantibodies against these chromosomal proteins. (3) Immunization with the 5
      M urea extractable fraction elicits antibodies against a restricted number of
      antigenic components which are shared among the cells studied. (4) 5 M urea
      extractable proteins are found both in the nucleus and cytoplasm; part of these
      may be cytoskeletal elements. Because the antisera do not react with histones,
      high-mobility-group proteins and tight DNA-binding proteins, they may be used for
      various functional studies on the 5 M urea extractable chromosomal protein
      fraction.

PMID- 4038462
TI  - Microtubule-associated adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Twice-cycled bovine brain or rat brain microtubule protein contains an adenylate
      cyclase activity that passes 0.2 micron filters, is activated 2-7-fold by 30
      microM forskolin, shows modest stimulation by fluoride (especially in the
      presence of added AI3+), but is virtually insensitive to added guanine
      nucleotides. The activity is insensitive to various hormones or Ca2+/calmodulin.
      The adenylate cyclase is active with both Mg2+ and Mn2+ but activity is less in
      the presence of Mg2+ than with Mn2+. The cyclase is inhibited by agonists of the
      adenosine P site. It is proposed that the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase and
      probably small quantities of the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein, Ns, are
      cycled along with microtubules.

PMID- 4038463
TI  - [Effect of the age of animals on disorders of the contractile function of the
      heart muscle under stress].
AB  - During intensive growth of animals, the main parameters of myocardial
      contractility were reduced. Poststressor depression of the contraction of
      isolated papillary muscles was more marked in adult than in young animals. Thus,
      aging of animals was accompanied by reduced cardiac muscle contraction. It is
      inferred that strong stress influence might result in a deep depression of the
      cardiac function in question, threatening the physiological possibilities of
      adaptation.

PMID- 4038464
TI  - [Effect of 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives on the central nervous system].
AB  - Experiments on mice and rats were made to study the effect of inhibitors
      antioxidants (3-hydroxypyridine derivatives) on the central nervous system. It
      was established that 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives (50 to 200 mg/kg) possess a
      broad spectrum of psychotropic effects. They cause normalization of behavior in
      conflict situations, exert an antiaggressive and anticonvulsant action
      (antagonism with corazol), are capable of potentiating the hypnotic effect of
      barbiturates, and of suppressing the animals' motor activity if given in high
      doses. Most compounds under study have antihypoxic and antiamnestic effects.

PMID- 4038465
TI  - [Characteristics of the mechanism of action of complex copper (II) compounds with
      alpha-amino acids].
AB  - There was no direct inhibition of DNA synthesis in ascites hepatoma 22A cells
      after intraperitoneal injection of single doses of copper (II) complexes with
      amino acids into tumor-bearing C3HA mice. Meanwhile cis-dichlorodiamine platinum
      (II) (DDP) as well as sarcolysine showed such inhibition. Copper (II) complexes
      with alpha-amino acids displayed as significant superoxide dismutase-like
      activity at concentrations corresponding to therapeutic doses of these compounds.
      The complexes of copper (II) combined with DDP give an additive antitumor effect
      in solid tumors of mice.

PMID- 4038466
TI  - Variations in rates of cesarean section.

PMID- 4038467
TI  - Histopathologic classification of uterine choriocarcinoma.
AB  - Histopathologic features of uterine choriocarcinoma were studied to establish new
      criteria for grading malignancy of the disease. Thirteen items of histopathologic
      findings concerning the degree of differentiation and the forms of masses of
      trophoblasts (Trs), the manner of Tr invasion, and host response of surrounding
      tissues were studied with relationship to prognosis in 70 patients with uterine
      lesions (alive, 49; dead, 21). Chi-square test results were examined for each
      item in relation to prognosis of the patients. Four items were thought to have
      significance and were selected as criteria: (1) island formation; (2) massive
      proliferation of intermediate-type Trs; (3) rectangular infiltration of Trs to
      surrounding muscle fibers; and (4) atypia of Trs at the end-point of tumor
      invasion. A discriminant analysis was carried out (under the standardization of
      tumor extension and the historical staging of treatment). From the results
      obtained in discriminant analysis, scores were given to the four items that
      existed in the specimen. New criteria for grading malignancy are proposed based
      on scoring these four items. The algebraic sum of the scores had a possible range
      of +4 to -16. Patients with scores of -9 and above had a low-grade malignancy
      with a mortality rate of 7%. Patients with scores of -10 and lower had a
      mortality of 69% and were classified as having tumors of high-grade malignancy.

PMID- 4038468
TI  - High-dose cisplatin in patients with advanced malignancies.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine if cisplatin (CDDP) can be given at higher
      doses than usual, utilizing aggressive supportive measures. Twelve patients were
      entered into three dose levels of CDDP: level I, 180 mg/m2 given as a short
      infusion; level II, 220 mg/m2 also given as a short infusion; level III, 200
      mg/m2 divided in five daily doses, each infused over 6 hours. In all cases, CDDP
      was dissolved and given in 250 ml of a 5% saline solution. For levels I and II,
      intravenous hydration with 200 to 250 ml/hour D5 1/2NS with potassium and
      magnesium supplements, was started 24 hours before therapy and continued for 3 to
      4 days after, longer if nausea persisted. Mannitol was given before (25%
      solution, 50 ml bolus) and after (20% solution, 500 ml over 3 hours) CDDP. At
      level III hydration with the same intravenous (IV) fluids was begun the day
      before therapy and continued without interruption at 200 to 250 ml/hour for a
      minimum of 24 hours after the completion of the 5 days of chemotherapy. Each
      daily dose of CDDP was preceded by injection of mannitol (25% solution, 50 ml
      bolus) and accompanied by a 6-hour infusion of 1000 ml 20% mannitol. Three
      patients received five CDDP courses at level I; 4 patients, seven courses at
      level II; and 5 patients, seven courses at level III. Ototoxicity was dose
      limiting in three patients at level II. Transient elevation of serum creatinine
      was seen following two courses at level I and two courses at level II. The renal
      impairment was asymptomatic in all cases; dialysis was not needed. At level II,
      leukocyte nadir counts between 1.0 and 2.0 X 10(3)/mm3 were seen following two
      courses and between 2.0 and 3.0 X 10(3)/mm3 following three courses. Platelet
      nadir counts below 50 X 10(3)/mm3 were recorded after four courses and between 50
      and 100 X 10(3)/mm3 after one course. Nausea and vomiting occurred frequently,
      but were tolerable. At level III, myelosuppression was dose-limiting. Nadir
      leukocyte counts between 1.0 and 2.0 X 10(3)/mm3 followed four courses and
      between 2.0 and 3.0 followed one course. Nadir platelet counts below 50 X
      10(3)/mm3 were seen after three courses; two patients required prophylactic
      platelet transfusions. Nadirs between 50 and 100 X 10(3) platelets/mm3 followed
      three further courses. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity did not occur at level
      III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4038469
TI  - Improved complete response rate and survival in advanced head and neck cancer
      after three-course induction therapy with 120-hour 5-FU infusion and cisplatin.
AB  - In a series of three consecutive pilot studies carried out between 1977 and 1981
      at Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, designed to test the feasibility of
      multimodality therapy in patients with previously untreated advanced squamous
      cell carcinoma of the head and neck, patients received three different induction
      chemotherapy regimens: cisplatin + Oncovin (vincristine) + bleomycin (COB) for
      two courses; 96-hour 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion and cisplatin for two
      courses, or 120-hour 5-FU infusion + cisplatin for three courses. Over-all
      response rates (complete response + partial response) to each of the three
      induction chemotherapy regimens were high: 80%, 88%, and 93%, respectively.
      Superior complete response rate in the group receiving three courses of 120-hour
      5-FU infusion + cisplatin was 54% versus 29% for COB and 19% for two-course 96
      hour 5-FU infusion + cisplatin (P = 0.04). Significant survival advantage at 18
      months minimum follow-up for the group receiving three courses of 120-hour 5-FU +
      cisplatin induction therapy was found. Actual T and N stage may influence the
      clinical complete response rate. Responders to initial chemotherapy have
      significantly better survival as compared to nonresponders regardless of
      subsequent surgery and/or radiotherapy. These studies show that a multimodality
      approach to management of advanced head and neck cancer is feasible. Superior
      complete response rate and survival in one of the treatment groups suggest that
      choice of induction chemotherapy regimens and/or number of courses is of prime
      importance in such multimodality treatment programs.

PMID- 4038470
TI  - Role of ligand exchange processes in the reaction kinetics of the antitumor drug
      cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) with its targets.
AB  - The kinetics of a model reaction between the antitumor drug cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II)(cis-DDP) and the signal nucleotide diadenosine
      5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) has been investigated by spectrophotometry.
      The formation of the reactive platinum aquated species was first analyzed by
      potentiometry using a chloride-specific electrode. Both equilibrium and rate
      constants were measured. The rate constants for the release of the first and
      second chloride were found 1.1 +/- 0.5 (S.D.) X 10(-4) and 4.2 +/- 0.2 X 10(-5)
      sec-1, respectively, at 37 degrees. It was shown that anions such as acetate,
      phosphate, and pyrophosphate were able, in some conditions, to exchange with
      chloride to form acetato, phosphato, or pyrophosphato complexes. The reaction of
      cis-DDP with Ap4A or other targets involves at least four steps, which have been
      analyzed separately. The values of rate constants deduced from the analysis of
      the overall reaction are in agreement with those determined independently from
      the separated steps. The second-order rate constants for the reaction of acetato,
      phosphato, and pyrophosphato complexes with Ap4A (0.2 +/- 0.02, 0.20 +/- 0.02,
      and 0.16 +/- 0.03 M-1 sec-1, respectively) are close to that of monoaqua
      monochloro (0.16 +/- 0.1 M-1 sec-1) and lower than that of the diaqua species
      (0.94 +/- 0.06 M-1 sec-1). At a high concentration of Ap4A, the reaction kinetics
      is slowed down. The formation of a complex of cis-platinum with the Ap4A
      phosphate groups is suggested. The intracellular concentration of phosphates,
      pyrophosphates, and carboxylates is large enough to displace chloride from cis
      DDP. Inside cells, therefore, ligand exchange processes have to be taken into
      account to analyze the in vivo reactivity of cis-DDP with its potential targets.

PMID- 4038471
TI  - Treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma with cisplatin and 5-FU.
AB  - Twenty patients with measurable metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated
      every 3 weeks with cisplatin (100 mg/m2 iv) on Day 1 and 5-FU (1000 mg/m2/day by
      iv infusion over 24 hours) on Days 1-5. Seven patients were previously treated
      with chemotherapy. The mean performance status for all of the patients was 1.5
      (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group). None of the patients had an objective
      response to the chemotherapy; 11 patients had stable disease and nine had no
      response. This study demonstrates that the combination of cisplatin and 5-FU,
      administered at this dose and schedule, has minimal activity in patients with
      metastatic colorectal cancer.

PMID- 4038472
TI  - Time dependency in plasmatic protein binding of cisplatin.
AB  - The rate of cisplatin binding on proteins was measured in plasma collected from
      the same patients at several different times of the day. Statistical analysis
      showed that binding on plasma followed a circadian rhythm with the acrophase
      occurring around 4 PM. The amplitude of the apparent circadian variation of the
      binding depends on each patient (mean value, 11%). The binding capacity of plasma
      was also found to be time-dependent when the patients were prehydrated. The
      existence of a circadian rhythm in total protein concentration of the plasma
      could explain the observed results. Since cisplatin is bound more quickly on
      proteins in the afternoon, the circulating levels of free cisplatin must be lower
      when the injection is given at this time of day and this may partly explain the
      reduction in nephrotoxicity for some patients when cisplatin is injected in the
      afternoon.

PMID- 4038473
TI  - Disappearance and reappearance of resident macrophages: importance in C. parvum
      induced tumoricidal activity.
AB  - We have investigated the role of resident macrophages in the early tumoricidal
      response to C. parvum. The bacteria were labeled with FITC and resident cells
      were labeled in situ with blue fluorescent covaspheres to enable subsequent
      monitoring of cellular changes by flow cytometry. Macrophages disappeared within
      5 hr of administration of bacteria. At 24 hr, fibrinous adhesions containing
      double labeled macrophages were observed at numerous sites on the peritoneum.
      Macrophages associated with large numbers of bacteria, levels of beads similar to
      control animals, and elevated plasminogen activator-like activity did not
      reappear in washings in significant numbers until 72 hr. Thus, the large bacteria
      containing cells that account for the majority of the early tumoricidal activity
      are likely to be derived from resident macrophages.

PMID- 4038474
TI  - Formation of DNA adducts in vivo in rat liver and intestinal epithelium after
      administration of the carcinogen 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl and its hydroxamic
      acid.
AB  - Administration of the 3H-labeled colon carcinogen, 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl
      (DMABP) and its hydroxamic acid derivative, N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-DMABP, to male
      F344 rats resulted in high levels of covalent binding to hepatic and intestinal
      DNA, RNA and protein. For both compounds, binding to hepatic macromolecules was 2
      4 times higher than in the intestine. High pressure liquid chromatographic
      analysis of the enzymatically hydrolyzed DNA from liver and intestinal epithelium
      indicated the presence of two carcinogen-DNA adducts: 5-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)
      DMABP (15%), N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-DMABP (50%), and a decomposition product of
      the latter (15%). N-acetylated adducts were not detected. When measured after 7
      days, all adducts in the intestinal DNA had decreased by 70%, while only a 29%
      decrease had occurred in the hepatic DNA. To determine if the loss of DMABP
      products was a consequence of cell turnover or repair, rats were treated with
      [3H]thymidine and DMABP, and the specific activity of hepatic liver and
      intestinal DNA was measured. Between 1 and 7 days only a slight decrease in
      [3H]thymidine content occurred in hepatic DNA as compared with a 95% reduction in
      intestinal DNA. Thus, the higher rate of DNA synthesis in the intestine versus
      that in the liver may serve to promote fixation of the initiating lesion and
      account for the preferential induction of intestinal cancer by DMABP.
      Furthermore, comparison of these data with metabolic activation pathways reported
      earlier strongly suggest that N-hydroxy-DMABP is the proximate carcinogenic
      metabolite of both DMABP and N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-DMABP.

PMID- 4038475
TI  - Association between DNA strand breaks and specific DNA adducts in murine
      hepatocytes following in vivo and in vitro exposure to N-hydroxy-2
      acetylaminofluorene and N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene.
AB  - N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF) and N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N
      OAc-AAF) have previously been shown to induce dose-dependent DNA strand breaks in
      primary hepatocytes from mice and rats. In an attempt to determine the
      relationship between the extent of DNA strand breaks and the formation of
      specific DNA-carcinogen bound adducts in murine liver, the capability of N-OH-AAF
      and N-OAc-AAF to induce both DNA single strand breaks and adduct formation in in
      vivo and in primary hepatocytes was measured. N-OH-AAF induced a low level of DNA
      damage in F344 rats (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and in B6 mice (40 mg/kg, i.p.) 4 h after
      treatment. The DNA adducts identified in vivo were N-(guanin-8-yl)-2
      acetylaminofluorene (Gua-C8-AAF) 55% versus 11%, N-(guanin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene
      (Gua-C8-AF) 34% versus 67% and 3-(guanin-N2-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (Gua-N2
      AAF) 11% versus 10%, respectively, for rat and mouse liver. An additional unknown
      adduct (12%) was detected in mouse liver. Dose dependent DNA binding and
      formation of individual DNA adducts were observed in rat and mouse primary
      hepatocytes following 1 h exposure to [ring-3H]-N-OH-AAF (0.1-20 microM) and
      [ring-3H]-N-OAc-AAF (5-20 microM). The patterns of DNA adducts in mouse and rat
      primary hepatocytes exposed to N-OH-AAF and N-OAc-AF were similar to those
      obtained in liver following in vivo treatment with N-OH-AAF. The deacetylase
      inhibitor, paraoxon (10(-4) M) completely inhibited DNA damage induced by N-OH
      AAF in mouse and partially in rat hepatocytes while DNA damage caused by N-OAc
      AAF was only partially inhibited by paraoxon (10(-4) M) in both species. Parallel
      experiments showed that paraoxon, at low concentration (10(-6) M), did not alter
      either the level of DNA binding or the pattern of adduct formation in rat
      hepatocytes treated with N-OH-AAF (20 microM). However, at 10(-4) M paraoxon
      partially blocked DNA binding (60%) and the formation of Gua-C8-AAF (95%) and Gua
      N2-AAF (80%) while Gua-C8-AF was increased two-fold. In mouse hepatocytes
      paraoxon pretreatment (10(-4) M) inhibited the formation of Gua-C8-AF by 70%
      following exposure to N-OH-AAF (20 microM). Gua-C8-AAF and Gua-N2-AAF were also
      inhibited but only at 10(-4) M paraoxon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4038476
TI  - Intravenous and standard immune serum globulin preparations interfere with uptake
      of 125I-C3 onto sensitized erythrocytes and inhibit hemolytic complement
      activity.
AB  - Antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes were used as a model to determine the
      effects of therapeutic immune serum globulin (ISG) preparations on the ability of
      this particulate activator to fix C3 and initiate hemolysis. Both standard and
      intravenous forms of ISG inhibit uptake of 125I-C3, presumably by competing for
      the deposition of "nascent" C3b molecules onto the erythrocytes. Both forms of
      ISG also inhibit hemolytic activity of whole serum or purified complement
      components. The inhibition appears to be a specific property of IgG itself, since
      similar inhibition was not caused by equivalent concentrations of human serum
      albumin, and was not affected by the buffer in which the ISG was dissolved.
      Interference with C3 uptake onto antibody-sensitized platelets and/or inhibition
      of hemolytic complement activity could contribute to the efficacy of high dose
      intravenous ISG in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 4038477
TI  - Incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in breast- vs. formula-fed infants.
AB  - A retrospective study of 233 consecutively born full-term infants was performed
      to determine the effect of several variables on the development of
      hyperbilirubinemia. Thirty-five (15%) of the infants developed peak bilirubin
      levels greater than 12 mg/dl in the first week of life. Step-wise multiple
      regression analysis revealed that breast-feeding was the most predictive of a
      group of eight variables for the development of hyperbilirubinemia greater than
      12 mg/dl. The correlation between type of feeding and hyperbilirubinemia was
      significant (p less than 0.02). None of the other factors evaluated was
      significantly associated with hyperbilirubinemia. Breast-fed infants also were
      found to have a significantly higher incidence of hyperbilirubinemia greater than
      15 mg/dl; 12 of 101 (12%) infants compared with 2 of 117 (2%) formula-fed infants
      (p less than 0.002). This group of infants accounted for the increased incidence
      of hyperbilirubinemia greater than 12 mg/dl in breast-fed infants. There was no
      significant correlation between weight loss and development of hyperbilirubinemia
      in the breast-fed infants.

PMID- 4038478
TI  - Some biochemical properties of swine uterus carnosinase.
AB  - Carnosinase of swine uterus reacts strongly to Mn2+ ions with an increase of the
      activity: in the presence of 0.25 MnCl2 the activity increases over 5-fold, while
      at 1 and 2 mM--the increase is 8- and 10-fold respectively. The enzyme is
      characterized by low stability during storage, especially in the presence of
      manganese ions. Kinetic properties of uterus carnosinase change depending on a
      phase of the oestrous cycle of the sow. In the peak luteal phase (5th-13th day of
      the cycle) Km values were twice as high as in the follicular phase (zero day-
      beginning of the rut, and 19th day--preoestrus). Two molecular forms of
      carnosinase were found in the extracts from uterus in the luteal phase of the
      oestrous cycle, analysed with the method of Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. These
      were A and B forms, with predominating content of the latter form. This form was
      characterised by a 2-fold higher Km value compared to the form A.

PMID- 4038479
TI  - Sigmoid diverticulitis in identical twins.
AB  - Severe sigmoid diverticulitis requiring left colon resection occurred in
      monozygotic twins during their third decade. An inherited tendency is suggested.

PMID- 4038480
TI  - Evaluation of cisplatin-lithium interaction.

PMID- 4038481
TI  - [Are 2 tablets of magaldrate at bedtime effective in the therapy of duodenal
      ulcer?].

PMID- 4038482
TI  - [Non-puerperal mastitis. Etiology, clinical aspects and therapy].
AB  - Non-puerperal mastitis was diagnosed in 79 patients (aged 12-77 years) over the
      years 1974-1984. Malignant neoplasm was not present. Bacterial infection in the
      region of the areola was the most frequent finding (40%), followed by abacterial
      inflammation without involvement of the nipples (29%). The other cases, bacterial
      or nonbacterial, occurred at different sites. The histological picture or
      clinical features of an increased secretory activity of the mammary gland
      (galactorrhoea, mastodynia) in addition to the mastitis was noted in 54 women.
      Causative organisms were proven in 53% of cases: Staph. aureus (41%) and
      coagulase-negative staphylococcus (41%), or anaerobic organisms (11%). Physical
      measures, antibiotics and bromocriptine were used as treatment. At the onset of
      treatment abscesses were already present or developed in 34 instances. In 28
      cases one to six recurrences set in after the end of the treatment period. In 22
      patients treated with bromocriptine prophylactically there were only two
      recurrences. In the majority of patients an increased alveolar secretion was
      important in the pathogenesis of the bacterial or abacterial inflammation.
      Prolactin-lowering treatment seems reasonable by itself in cases of abacterial
      mastitis, or in combination with antibiotics in bacterial mastitis. Recurrences
      can be prevented by long-term lowering of the peripheral prolactin level.

PMID- 4038483
TI  - Evidence that central epinephrine neurons participate in the control and
      regulation of neuroendocrine events during the estrous cycle.
AB  - Although evidence has shown that central epinephrine (E) neurons play an
      essential role in the control of preovulatory gonadotropoin surge in rats, their
      function and site(s) of action are unknown. These experiments were performed in
      an attempt to identify any changes in E concentration or activity that might take
      place in areas of the brain known to receive adrenergic axon terminals and to be
      associated with increased output of gonadotropins (LH, FSH, and PRL) during the
      estrous cycle. E concentrations were measured by radioenzymatic assay, and E
      activity was assessed by the linear rate of decline of E (RDE) which occurs 2 h
      after administration of the centrally active E synthesis inhibitor, SKF 64139.
      During the proestrous critical period (1500-1700 h), significant increases in
      both concentration and RDE occurred in the medial preoptic area (mPOA)
      accompanied by a smaller but significant increase in the RDE in the mediobasal
      hypothalamus (MBH); 4 h later (2100-2300 h), significant increases in both
      concentration and RDE were seen in the MBH. At estrus, although E concentrations
      were generally higher in both the mPOA and MBH than on other days of the cycle,
      the concentration and RDE in the MBH increased significantly between 1500-1700 h,
      while RDE in the mPOA increased again between 1700-1900 h. There were no
      significant changes in either E concentration or RDE in the mPOA or MBH at
      metestrus or diestrus or in the perifornical area at any of the times studied.
      Thus, these findings may be associated with the output of gonadotropins over the
      periovulatory period.

PMID- 4038484
TI  - Suppressive effect of inflammation and other forms of stress on the binding of
      prolactin by rat liver.
AB  - We have found that in female rats a variety of stressful stimuli, including sc
      inflammation, skin incision, endotoxin injection, and cold exposure, cause a
      significant decrease (30-86%) in the capacity of the hepatic cell membranes to
      specifically bind [125I]ovine PRL. Stress-induced decrease in food intake was not
      a factor in these studies, as nourishment was given only by tube feeding. Neither
      sc inflammation nor cold exposure affected hepatic binding of [125I]insulin.
      Further, the induction of inflammation in lactating rats and rats bearing 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinomas did not affect the binding
      of PRL by the lactating or malignant mammary tissue. The suppressive effect of
      inflammation on hepatic binding of PRL was demonstrable in adrenalectomized
      ovariectomized rats, in hypophysectomized rats receiving hormone replacement, and
      in adrenalectomized rats that had undergone partial chemical sympathectomy. We
      conclude that sc inflammation, as well as other forms of stress, decreases
      hepatic binding of PRL, but does not affect hepatic binding of insulin or mammary
      binding of PRL. The decrease in hepatic PRL binding is not mediated by a hormone
      secreted by the adrenals, ovaries, or pituitary, or by catecholamines, but could
      be mediated by another plasma factor or by peripheral dopaminergic neurons.
      Stress-induced decrease in hepatic PRL binding, or a related decrease in the
      binding of other polypeptide hormones, could play a role in the physiological
      response to stress.

PMID- 4038485
TI  - The effect of s-triazine-type pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons on lactate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The effect of pesticides on nontarget organisms was studied by following their
      effect on enzymes from these organisms in vitro. s-Triazines substituted in
      positions 2, 4, and 6 behaved as inhibitors of plant and animal lactate
      dehydrogenase, acting competitively with respect to the coenzyme. The inhibition
      constants were of the order of 10(-3) M and the structure of the substituents
      exerted no pronounced effect on the inhibition type and the value of the
      inhibition constant. Polycyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons were found to be much
      stronger inhibitors, with inhibition constants of the order of 10(-5) M. These
      substances inhibit the reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase not only by
      reaction with the enzyme, but also by a probable direct reaction with the
      coenzyme.

PMID- 4038486
TI  - Decrease of fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis in isolated
      perfused rat liver by phenylalkyl oxirane carboxylate (B 807-27) due to
      inhibition of CPT I (EC 2.3.1.21).
AB  - Sodium 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pentyl]-oxirane-2-carboxylate (B 807-27 or POCA)
      inhibits ketogenesis from endogenous and exogenous long-chain fatty acids and
      14CO2 production from [U-14 C]palmitate, but not from [U-14 C]palmitoylcarnitine
      or octanoate, and inhibits gluconeogenesis from lactate and pyruvate in perfused
      livers of starved rats. Inhibition of ketogenesis, 14CO2 production and
      gluconeogenesis was complete at concentrations of 10 mumol/l POCA, but onset was
      more rapid for inhibition of ketogenesis and CO2 production than for
      gluconeogenesis. Infusion of octanoate abolished inhibition of all three
      processes. Experiments with isolated rat liver mitochondria showed that carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase I (EC 2.3.1.21) is inhibited by POCA-CoA. The inhibitory
      process is dependent on time and concentration, and more pronounced in
      mitochondria from fed than from fasted rats. Concentrations required for 50%
      inhibition after 20 min preincubation with POCA-CoA are 0.02, 0.06 and 0.1
      mumol/l in liver mitochondria from fed, 24-h-fasted and 48-h-fasted rats,
      respectively. The inhibitor appears to be tightly bound to the enzyme. The extent
      of inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I correlates well with the
      hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of the compounds in fasted rats. We
      conclude that specific inhibition of the enzyme leads, due to inhibition of long
      chain fatty acid utilization, to depressed ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis and,
      in consequence, to hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemia in vivo under gluconeogenic
      and ketogenic conditions.

PMID- 4038487
TI  - Asymmetry of retinal lesions in experimental scrapie after intracerebral
      inoculation of hamsters.
AB  - Hamsters injected into the right cerebral hemisphere with the scrapie agent
      developed retinal lesions to a greater extent in the contralateral than in the
      ipsilateral eye. This asymmetry was evident during the incubation period as well
      as during the clinical encephalopathy. The results explain much of the variation
      in the degree of retinal disease seen earlier at specific times after
      inoculation. Moreover, they strengthen the hypothesis that scrapie spreads via
      neurons.

PMID- 4038488
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: growth in vitro of bloodstream forms inhibited by
      dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) compounds and hypolipidemic drugs.
AB  - Infectious bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense were grown in
      microcultures of murine bone marrow cells in 96-well tissue culture plates.
      Limiting dilution studies showed that fewer than 10 cultured trypanosomes
      developed into populations of about 5 X 10(4) parasites per well in a week.
      Bloodstream parasites were reisolated with high efficiency from mice infected
      with cultured parasites; fewer than 10 bloodstream parasites successfully
      established a trypanosome population in a microculture. Both the cis and trans
      isomers of dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cisplatin and transplatin) and a
      hypolipidemic agent, Wy 14643, were found to have activity against T. b.
      gambiense growing in microcultures. The minimum concentration of drug necessary
      to completely eliminate parasites from microcultures was 4 microM for cisplatin,
      40 microM for transplatin, and 500 microM for Wy 14643. A preformed complex of
      cisplatin and bovine serum albumin and another hypolipidemic agent, chlofibric
      acid, were inactive. This culture system should be useful for rapid screening of
      large numbers of compounds for trypanocidal activity.

PMID- 4038489
TI  - Determination of certain physical and chemical characteristics of the activating
      serum factor from preparturient women and women with habitual abortions.
AB  - Follow-up investigation of the blood sera from preparturient women and women with
      habitual abortions showed the presence of a factor which has an activating effect
      on smooth muscle preparations because it causes the release of prostaglandins.
      Gel-chromatographic counter flow separation and microelectrophoresis of the blood
      sera have shown that the isolated serum factor is a water soluble glycopeptide
      with a molecular weight of about 2000.

PMID- 4038490
TI  - Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase immobilized in semipermeable microcapsules for enzyme
      replacement in phenylketonuria.
AB  - Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase immobilized within semipermeable microcapsules has an
      assayed enzyme activity which is 20% +/- 4% of the enzyme in free solution. The
      Km for the immobilized enzyme remained the same as that of the free enzyme. The
      pH optimum also remained unchanged at pH 8.5 +/- 1.0. At the lower pH range,
      enzyme activity is higher for the immobilized enzyme. Daily oral administration
      of microencapsulated phenylalanine ammonia-lyase to phenylketonuric rats
      decreased the systemic phenylalanine level by 35 +/- 8% in 2 days (P less than
      0.05) and by 75 +/- 8% in 7 days (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 4038491
TI  - Effects of a commercial soy lecithin preparation on development of sensorimotor
      behavior and brain biochemistry in the rat.
AB  - Pregnant rat dams and offspring were exposed to a 5 or 2% soy lecithin
      preparation or a control diet. Enrichment was either lifelong beginning at
      gestation, limited to the time preceding, or the time following weaning, or
      absent (constituting a "pure" control group). The most marked early sensorimotor
      deficits (reflex righting and swimming development) were seen in the 5% soy
      lecithin preparation group, although all soy lecithin preparation-exposed
      offspring had elevated brain/body weight ratios and choline acetyltransferase
      levels. Later, animals exposed to lifelong 5 or 2% soy lecithin preparations were
      hypoactive, had poor postural reflexes, and showed attenuated morphine analgesia.
      The results indicate that dietary soy lecithin preparation enrichment during
      development leads to behavioral and neurochemical abnormalities in the exposed
      offspring.

PMID- 4038492
TI  - Diarrhoea and malabsorption in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a study of
      four cases with special emphasis on opportunistic protozoan infestations.
AB  - Chronic diarrhoea is frequent in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) but
      has been poorly investigated so far. We report four patients with AIDS in whom
      diarrhoea and malabsorption were outstanding features, and who underwent
      extensive digestive investigations. Diarrhoea was a presenting symptom in all
      subjects and was of secretory type in three of them. D-xylose and vitamin B12
      were malabsorbed in all cases; steatorrhea was found in the two patients who
      could ingest significant amounts of fat. Faecal alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance was
      increased in all subjects. Search for digestive pathogens showed unusual
      protozoans in all patients: in case 1, optical and electron microscopy revealed
      the presence in the cytoplasm of villous enterocytes of Microsporidia protozoans
      still unreported in AIDS. Stool and jejunal fluid examination showed Isospora
      belli in case 2 and Cryptosporidium in cases 3 and 4. On histological and
      ultrastructural study the former was localised in the cytoplasm of a few
      enterocytes and the latter was scattered throughout the villus and crypt brush
      border. Otherwise small intestinal histology only showed minor non-specific
      changes and the enterocytes were ultrastructurally normal. In patient 3 the slow
      marker intestinal perfusion technique showed a profuse fluid secretion in the
      duodenum and proximal jejunum. All patients needed prolonged total parenteral
      nutrition. Cryptosporidium and Microsporidia could not be eradicated despite
      multiple drug trials. Isospora belli was transiently cured by pyrimethamine
      sulphadiazine. Only patient 2 is presently at home, and patients 1, 3, and 4 died
      after two, six, and nine months of total parenteral nutrition, respectively.

PMID- 4038493
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the liver cell cytoskeleton.
AB  - Rat livers were perfused with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 30 to 60 min and studied by
      scanning electron microscope. Three-dimensional filamentous networks were
      visualized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in situ. Branching and end-to-side
      contacts of intermediate filaments, and intermediate filaments which were
      connected with microtubules and microfilaments were noted. Numerous filaments
      were observed in the perinuclear region and at the cell border. Filaments were
      attached to polyribosomes and nuclei. No differences were observed in the
      cytoplasmic cytoskeleton after treatment of the sample at 4 degrees C. These
      results support the concept that intermediate filaments mechanically integrate
      the cytoplasmic space.

PMID- 4038494
TI  - PPS spurs changes in lab practices.
AB  - Change in the delivery of laboratory services is inevitable. However, the
      manipulation of several variables in conjunction with some realistic evaluation
      of current operations and cost-effective planning for the future can
      appropriately position the clinical laboratory in the marketplace. The demand for
      services, pricing, testing protocols, new equipment, staffing, productivity, and
      operational efficiency must all be weighed before the health care provider can
      determine the best course for a specific hospital clinical laboratory.

PMID- 4038495
TI  - Gc subtypes identified by isoelectric focusing in baboons (Papio hamadryas).
AB  - Phenotyping for Gc variants by conventional electrophoresis in 835 Papio
      hamadryas baboons demonstrated a monomorphic population. Gc subtyping by
      polyacrylamide IEF gels, pH 4-6, on 394 of these baboons revealed the existence
      of two common alleles which we named Gc1Papio and Gc2Papio. Pedigree data
      confirmed the inheritance of a single locus, two allele system and the observed
      gene frequencies were 0.593 for Gc1Papio and 0.407 for Gc2Papio.

PMID- 4038496
TI  - Lack of site of origin effects on distribution of IgA antibody-containing cells.
AB  - Previous experiments (Husband, 1982) indicated that IgA-specific antibody
      containing cells (ACC), appearing among thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) following
      challenge of intestinal segments of i.p. primed rats, display antigen-dependent
      distribution in the small intestine by 12 hr after their i.v. injection into
      autologous recipients. Data are presented here which demonstrate that ACC among
      TDL collected from rats bearing double Thiry-Vella loops challenged with two
      different antigens still appear almost exclusively in loops immunized with the
      antigen corresponding to their antibody specificity, even when injected into
      recipients in which immunized loops were prepared from different levels of the
      small intestine to that of the donors. These experiments indicate that, in
      animals given whole gut priming (by i.p. immunization) and segmental challenge
      (by lumenal challenge of isolated loops), the site of origin of IgA-ACC
      precursors does not influence antigen-induced distribution patterns. To determine
      whether segmental priming followed by whole gut challenge results in site of
      origin effects, rats were primed by subserosal immunization of a single Peyer's
      patch, either in the proximal or distal intestine, and then challenged
      intraduodenally. The ultimate IgA-ACC distribution was similar, regardless of the
      site of priming. These results indicate that, in a model employing priming with
      antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant, there is no site of origin effect on
      ultimate IgA plasma cell location within the small intestine, whether whole gut
      priming and segmental challenge or segmental priming and whole gut challenge, are
      used.

PMID- 4038497
TI  - Fibrinolytic activity of the retinae in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - Fibrinolytic activity of the retinae in control and diabetic rats was assayed
      quantitatively in twenty male rats made diabetic by giving a single injection of
      streptozotocin. All these rats were killed at either 3 months or 12 months. Ten
      saline-injected rats and five rats treated with 3-0-methylglucose and
      streptozotocin served as controls. As the plasminogen activator activity in
      diabetic rats maintained for 12 months was significantly lower than that in
      controls, we postulate that there may be a poor defense mechanism against
      microthrombus formation in the retinal vasculature of diabetics, which may
      contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 4038498
TI  - Synthesis and secretion of interstitial retinol-binding protein by the human
      retina.
AB  - Interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) is a soluble glycoprotein present
      between the retina and pigmented epithelium, which may function to shuttle
      vitamin A derivatives between these tissues. While previous studies have shown
      that the retina is solely responsible for IRBP synthesis, the specific retinal
      cell(s) in which this occurs has not been established. Since the carbohydrate
      moiety of IRBP contains fucose, the authors have analyzed the sites of
      incorporation of 3H-fucose in the human retina in vitro, using autoradiography.
      Following a 30-min pulse incubation, all retinal layers exhibited incorporation
      of label; however, the rod photoreceptor inner segments contained one- to two
      fold more radioactivity than was present in any other retinal compartment. In
      autoradiographs of retinas recovered following a 4 hr chase incubation, all
      retinal layers retained similar levels of radioactivity with the exception of the
      rod photoreceptors, cone photoreceptors and cells in the inner nuclear layer,
      which lost 75, 11, and 14 percent, respectively of the radioactivity present
      immediately following the 30-min pulse. Proteins present in the chase incubation
      medium were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The
      principal labeled component in the chase medium was identified as IRBP by
      immunoprecipitation with antibovine-IRBP immunoglobulins. Thus, the major loss of
      3H-fucose radioactivity from rod photoreceptors coupled with the appearance of 3H
      labeled IRBP in the incubation media suggests that the rod photoreceptors are
      primarily responsible for the synthesis and secretion of IRBP.

PMID- 4038499
TI  - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis: report of a case and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 4038500
TI  - The effect of treatment in fractionated schedules with the combination of X
      irradiation and six cytotoxic drugs on the RIF-1 tumor and normal mouse skin.
AB  - RIF-1 tumors, implanted syngeneically in the gastrocnemius muscles of the right
      hind legs of C3H/Km mice, were treated either with X ray alone, drug alone, or
      drug and X ray combined. The drugs tested were bleomycin, BCNU, cis
      diamminedichloro platinum, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and actinomycin-D. All
      drugs were administered either in the maximum tolerated dose or a dose that
      causes minimal tumor growth delay. Both drugs and X rays were administered either
      as a single dose or in five daily fractions. In addition to the single modality
      controls, seven different schedules of combined modalities were tested. Tumors
      were measured periodically after treatment in order that the day at which each
      tumor reached 4 times its initial cross-sectional area, i.e., its size at the
      time of treatment, could be determined. The effect of treatment on tumors was
      based upon excess growth delay (GD), i.e., T400% (treated)-T400% (untreated
      control). Treatment effects for the same combined modality schedules were also
      determined for normal skin, using the early skin reaction as an endpoint. Dose
      effect factors (DEF) were computed for all combined modality schedules and were
      based upon calculated radiation dose equivalents. We also calculated supra
      additivity ratios, SRI and SRII, therapeutic gain factors and adjusted
      therapeutic gain factors. The only drugs to produce significant supra-additivity
      with X rays were cis-Pt and cyclo. Maximum supra-additivity for cis-Pt was
      afforded by divided doses of the drug (5 X 2.4 mg/kg/day) given immediately
      before X ray (5 X 1000 rad/day) on 5 consecutive days, although 3 other schedules
      also produced significant supra-additivity. Maximum supra-additivity for cyclo
      was seen for a single dose of 100 mg/kg followed 1 day later by a course of 5
      daily X ray doses (5 X 1000 rad/day), and at least one other schedule produced
      almost as great an effect.

PMID- 4038501
TI  - Cytoskeletal calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Characterization,
      solubilization, and purification from rat brain.
AB  - Brain calmodulin-dependent protein kinase was isolated as the major cytoskeletal
      component of the post-synaptosomal fraction, accounting for about 50% of the
      total protein. The alpha- and beta-subunits of the enzyme were present in a ratio
      of about 6:1. The cytoskeletal preparation was also distinguished by the regular
      presence of tubulin and actin in approximately equimolar amounts to the beta
      subunit. Electron microscopic morphology suggested that the enzyme formed a
      hierarchy of cytoskeletal complexes with an average diameter of 85 nm. These
      results indicate that cytoskeletal calmodulin-dependent protein kinase may have a
      structural as well as a catalytic role in neurons. The cytoskeletal enzyme could
      be solubilized in 8 M urea, displaying similar properties to its cytosolic
      counterpart. The postsynaptosomal cytoskeleton provides a simplified and well
      defined model for the study of the protein-protein interactions involving
      calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 4038502
TI  - Synthesis of unique low molecular weight proteins during late G2 and mitosis.
AB  - Changes in protein synthesis were examined during the cell cycle of Chinese
      hamster ovary cells by labeling synchronized cells at various times with
      [35S]methionine and separating the proteins on two-dimensional polyacrylamide
      gels. Several proteins, including tubulin, showed marked differences in their
      relative rates of synthesis during the cell cycle. A few proteins were found to
      be synthesized at a specific time during the cycle. In particular, a pair of
      proteins of approximately 21,000 daltons and isoelectric point of 5.5 were found
      to be synthesized only in late G2 and mitotic cells. Cells that were labeled
      during mitosis and then allowed to divide showed no trace of these proteins,
      indicating that their presence is transient and that they are likely involved in
      mitosis.

PMID- 4038503
TI  - A newly detected class of mammalian single strand-specific DNA-binding proteins.
      Effects on DNA polymerase alpha-catalyzed DNA synthesis.
AB  - Using a rapid purification scheme, we have isolated from calf thymus cells two
      single strand-specific DNA-binding proteins, with apparent molecular masses of 48
      and 61 kDa. These proteins remained undetected in earlier studies on DNA-binding
      proteins from calf thymus because they are extremely sensitive to proteolytic
      breakdown occurring during purification. The proteins are immunologically and
      biochemically related. They also share a number of functional properties. Both
      proteins bind noncooperatively to single-stranded DNA and almost totally ignore
      double-stranded DNA. Both proteins stimulate DNA synthesis catalyzed by mammalian
      DNA polymerase alpha in the presence of an excess of "activated" DNA as primer
      template. The stimulation factor was between 2 and 100 depending on the
      protein/DNA ratio. We have analyzed this effect in more detail with specifically
      primed single-stranded phage fd DNA as template and concluded that the proteins
      block nonproductive polymerase-binding sites on single-stranded DNA sequences,
      thereby increasing the probability for an association of polymerase with 3'-OH
      primer ends.

PMID- 4038504
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent children.
AB  - Cryptosporidial oocysts were identified by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain in the
      stools of seven (3.2%) of 213 children with acute or chronic diarrhoea and one
      (0.9%) of 112 controls. All children with cryptosporidia were immunocompetent.
      Four of the index cases had a short illness (3-14 days) with watery diarrhoea,
      vomiting (2), and abdominal pain (2). Two index cases had chronic diarrhoea for
      over four months and failure to thrive. Both had a small intestinal enteropathy;
      one had cryptosporidial oocysts in stool specimens two months apart and the other
      had cryptosporidial schizonts attached to the jejunal mucosa. One index case had
      a colitis of indeterminate cause. Four of the index cases had recently travelled
      abroad. There had been an outbreak of gastroenteritis in the family of one of the
      index cases, and three affected sisters and an asymptomatic brother had oocysts
      in their stools. Cryptosporidial infestation seems to be associated with acute
      gastroenteritis and sometimes with chronic diarrhoea and small bowel damage in
      immunocompetent children.

PMID- 4038505
TI  - A twin study of genetic influences on behavioral deviance.

PMID- 4038506
TI  - Studies on the mechanism for renal elimination of N-acetylphenylalanine: its
      pathophysiologic significance in phenylketonuria.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism and biologic significance of urinary occurrence of N
      acetylphenylalanine in phenylketonuria, the metabolic fate of N
      acetylphenylalanine was studied in rats. In vivo and in vitro analysis revealed
      that N-acetyl-14C(ul)-phenylalanine bound to plasma albumin with an association
      constant of 8.52 X 10(3) M-1 and that the number of binding sites was 0.98 per
      mole albumin. Intravenously administered N-acetylphenylalanine was rapidly
      extracted from the circulation predominantly by the kidney and excreted into
      urine. Plasma clearance of the injected ligand was markedly decreased by
      bilateral nephrectomy but not by bilateral ureter ligation. Probenecid, a potent
      inhibitor of the renal excretory system for organic anions, such as hippuric
      acid, sharply decreased the rate of disappearance from the circulation, renal
      accumulation, and urinary secretion of intravenously administered N
      acetylphenylalanine. These results indicate that intravenously administered N
      acetylphenylalanine undergoes renal peritubular transport via a probenecid
      sensitive excretory system for organic anions. This renal transtubular excretory
      mechanism may possibly operate in elimination of N-acetylphenylalanine, a
      hazardous amphipathic metabolite of phenylalanine, from plasma into urine in
      phenylketonuric patients.

PMID- 4038507
TI  - Changes in concentrations and rate of decline of adrenaline in the medial
      preoptic area and mediobasal hypothalamus of acutely ovariectomized steroid
      treated rats.
AB  - The presence of adrenaline within the central nervous system appears to be
      essential for the occurrence of an oestrogen-stimulated surge of LH in both pro
      oestrous and ovariectomized rats. Previous measurements of adrenergic activity
      based on the rate of decline of adrenaline (RDA) 2 h after injection of a
      synthesis inhibitor (SKF 64139) suggested that adrenergic activity increases in
      both the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) at the
      start of the LH surge (15.00-17.00 h). The purpose of the present studies was to
      see whether oestrogen and progesterone affected this increase in adrenergic
      activity at the sites of the cell bodies (MPOA) and axon terminals (MBH) of the
      gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurone. Rats ovariectomized at
      dioestrus showed a reduction in both plasma LH concentrations and RDA (P less
      than 0.01) in the MBH between 15.00 and 17.00 h on the day of expected pro
      oestrus. Oestrogen replacement at operation restored LH levels and the RDA to
      values found in intact rats. Injection of an antioestrogen (Cl-628), with or
      without oestrogen, also reduced plasma LH levels and the RDA (P less than 0.01)
      in the MBH. Removal or replacement of oestrogen apparently had little effect on
      the RDA in the MPOA. In ovariectomized oestrogen-primed rats an injection of
      progesterone on the morning of expected pro-oestrus advanced and enhanced not
      only the LH surge but also the RDA in the MBH (P less than 0.001). Moreover,
      concentrations of adrenaline in the MBH (but not the MPOA) decreased (P less than
      0.001) consistently over a 2-h period following injection of
      progesterone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038508
TI  - Plasma concentrations of somatomedin-C in hypophysectomized, dwarf and intact
      growing domestic fowl as determined by heterologous radioimmunoassay.
AB  - The application of a human somatomedin-C radioimmunoassay for the determination
      of somatomedin-C in chicken plasma has been examined. Parallel inhibition of
      binding of 125I-labelled somatomedin-C to antisera raised against somatomedin-C
      was observed with acid-treated human and chicken plasma. The concentration of
      immunoreactive (IR)-somatomedin-C in the plasma of the domestic fowl appears to
      be GH dependent. Plasma concentrations of IR-somatomedin-C were reduced after
      hypophysectomy and partially restored by replacement therapy with chicken GH. The
      age/development pattern of circulating concentrations of IR-somatomedin-C has
      been determined in normal and dwarf strains of domestic fowl. Increases in the
      plasma concentration of IR-somatomedin-C were observed between 1 and 6 weeks of
      age in control male domestic fowl of either heavy (broiler type) or light (White
      Leghorn) strains. Thereafter, the plasma concentrations of IR-somatomedin-C
      remained constant in the heavy strain birds but declined in White Leghorn chicks.
      Plasma concentrations of IR-somatomedin-C were reduced in sex-linked dwarf
      chickens, in both light and heavy strains of fowl, but were unaffected in
      autosomal dwarf chickens.

PMID- 4038509
TI  - Individual differences in anticipation of alcohol sensitivity.
AB  - Anticipations of the effect produced by a given amount of alcohol may be as
      important as actual responses to that amount of alcohol in determining patterns
      of alcohol use, yet previous research has focused only on physiological response
      and subjective reports of sensitivity upon administration of alcohol. In this
      study, the etiology of individual differences in reports of anticipated
      sensitivity was examined using a sample of 54 pairs of twins and adoptees for
      whom both members of each pair had consumed two drinks per hour for 2 hours at
      some time during the year before the study. Genetic influence was suggested for
      anticipated sensitivity to physical symptoms and coordination but not for other
      symptoms such as thinking problems, mood, or driving ability. The environmental
      influences responsible for individual differences in anticipated sensitivity are
      largely shared by family members, as indicated by the substantial resemblance for
      pairs of adoptees reared in the same family. Also explored was the correlation
      between anticipated sensitivity to alcohol and reported recent drinking behavior.
      In this sample (N = 204) it was found that an anticipation of less sensitivity
      related to a higher reported average number of drinks consumed per drinking
      session, independent of weight, sex, or age differences.

PMID- 4038510
TI  - High-dose cisplatin with sodium thiosulfate protection.
AB  - Nephrotoxicity frequently limits the dose of cisplatin to less than 120 mg/m2 per
      injection. Sodium thiosulfate is a neutralizing agent for cisplatin that protects
      against renal damage. To determine whether injection of thiosulfate would permit
      larger doses of cisplatin to be administered, a fixed 9.9-g/m2 dose of
      thiosulfate was given intravenously over three hours concurrently with escalating
      doses of cisplatin. Cisplatin was administered over the last two hours of the
      thiosulfate infusion. Using this technique, it was possible to escalate the
      cisplatin dose to 225 mg/m2 before dose-limiting toxicities were encountered.
      Comparison of cisplatin pharmacokinetics in patients treated with 202.5 mg/m2
      plus thiosulfate to those in patients treated with 100 mg/m2 without thiosulfate
      indicated that there were no changes in the elimination rate constant, volume of
      distribution, or total body clearance of cisplatin. The total drug exposure for
      the plasma was approximately twofold at the higher cisplatin dose. This study
      demonstrates that concurrent administration of thiosulfate permits at least a
      twofold increase in dose and total exposure to cisplatin.

PMID- 4038511
TI  - High-dose intravenous metoclopramide versus combination high-dose metoclopramide
      and intravenous dexamethasone in preventing cisplatin-induced nausea and emesis:
      a single-blind crossover comparison of antiemetic efficacy.
AB  - We tested the safety and antiemetic effectiveness of intravenous (IV)
      dexamethasone (DXM) as an adjunct to high-dose IV metoclopramide (MCP) to prevent
      nausea and vomiting induced by high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy. Response was
      determined by using objective and subjective criteria. Thirty patients were
      randomly assigned to receive MCP alone at a dose of 2 mg/kg IV for three doses or
      the same dose of MCP plus 20 mg of DXM IV for three doses. Twenty evaluable
      patients received a second course of cisplatin and were crossed over to the
      opposite arm. Study results did not show a statistically significant advantage of
      combination MCP plus DXM over MCP alone using strict objective criteria for
      antiemetic response. However, patients subjectively preferred MCP plus DXM over
      MCP alone by nearly a 6:1 ratio, regardless of the randomization sequence.
      Although the addition of DXM does not appear to objectively improve emetic
      protection with high-dose MCP, we recommend MCP plus DXM to prevent nausea and
      vomiting induced by high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy when the use of steroids is
      not contraindicated, in view of patient preference for the combination.

PMID- 4038512
TI  - Absorption and tissue distribution of zinc, iron and copper by rats fed diets
      containing lactalbumin, soy and supplemental sulfur-containing amino acids.
AB  - Zinc, copper and iron utilization was examined in rats fed diets containing 30%
      lactalbumin (L); 30% soy assay protein (S) or 30% soy assay protein supplemented
      with 0.26% cysteine (SC), 0.45% methionine (SM), 0.26% cysteine and 0.45%
      methionine (SCM) or 0.71% cysteine (SXC). Diets L, SC and SCM contained equal
      amounts of cysteine; diets L, SM and SCM contained equal amounts of methionine;
      diets L, SCM, SXC contained equal amounts of sulfur-containing amino acids. Rats
      fed diet L had significantly higher levels of zinc in tibias, kidneys and plasma;
      higher levels of copper in kidneys; and higher levels of iron in tibias than rats
      fed diet S. Rats fed diet L also absorbed (apparent and true) significantly more
      zinc; excreted significantly more zinc of endogenous origin in the feces; and
      absorbed (apparent) significantly less copper than rats fed diet S. Rats fed the
      soy diets supplemented with sulfur-containing amino acids, especially diet SXC,
      tended to have elevated levels of zinc in their tibias and kidneys and greater
      apparent and true absorptions of zinc than rats fed diet S. Rats fed diet SXC
      still had significantly lower zinc levels in tissue than rats fed diet L.
      Apparent absorption of zinc was similar among rats fed diets L, SCM and SXC.

PMID- 4038513
TI  - Growth hormone secretory dynamics in Turner syndrome.
AB  - We investigated whether a decrease in serum growth hormone contributes to the
      short stature of adults with Turner syndrome by measuring the 24-hour profile of
      serum growth hormone in 30 patients aged 2 to 20 years. Growth hormone pulses
      were defined as a rise from nadir to peak that exceeded three times the
      intraassay coefficient of variation. Girls with Turner syndrome aged 2 to 8 years
      did not have statistically different growth hormone levels, peak amplitudes, and
      peak frequencies compared with those in age-matched controls. By contrast, girls
      with Turner syndrome aged 9 to 20 years had significantly decreased mean 24-hour
      growth hormone levels, peak amplitudes, and peak frequencies compared with those
      in age-matched normal girls. Patients with Turner syndrome of all ages had
      decreased serum somatomedin-C concentrations and delayed bone ages. We conclude
      that a relative deficiency of growth hormone in pubertal patients with Turner
      syndrome may contribute to their adult short stature.

PMID- 4038514
TI  - Photoperiod and delayed implantation in the northern fur seal (Callorhinus
      ursinus).
AB  - An equation for determination of the photoperiod at any given latitude for any
      given date is presented and used in an analysis of reproductive timing in the
      northern fur seal in which there is an obligatory delay of implantation. Fur
      seals breeding on San Miguel Island, California (33 degrees N) displayed a mean
      date of parturition that was 14 days earlier (P less than 0.001) than that of the
      parent stock on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska (57 degrees N). Previous studies
      have shown that changes occur in the corpus luteum, in follicles in the ovary
      containing the corpus luteum, in concentrations of plasma progesterone and
      oestradiol-17 beta, and in the uterine lining when there is a mean photoperiod of
      12.5 h/day. This photoperiod occurs at both locations at 62 days after the mean
      dates of parturition, and may act as a cue for the initiation of implantation in
      these seals.

PMID- 4038515
TI  - Peripheral plasma prolactin concentrations during oestrous cycles in different
      types of primitive gilt.
AB  - Plasma prolactin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay during
      oestrous cycles and around the time of oestrus in different types of primitive
      gilts: Vietnamese, Zlotnicka and wild-boar X domestic pig hybrids. The animals
      were bled without stress from an indwelling arterial catheter. The following
      results were obtained: (1) in all gilts the main prolactin peak was observed at
      Day 15 or 16 of the oestrous cycle; (2) Vietnamese and hybrid gilts showed a
      second smaller prolactin surge after (Day 2) or before (Day 17) oestrus; (3) base
      levels of prolactin during the oestrous cycle were 14.8 +/- 0.93 ng/ml
      (Vietnamese gilts), 13.2 +/- 1.05 ng/ml (Zlotnicka gilts) and 15.6 +/- 2.01 ng/ml
      (hybrid gilts). The 15-16-day prolactin peaks reached maximum values of 36.4,
      43.4 and 56.5 ng/ml respectively.

PMID- 4038516
TI  - Changes in pulsatile LH secretion after ovariectomy in Ile-de-France ewes in two
      seasons.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted in Ile-de-France ewes to study changes in
      pulsatile LH secretion in ewes ovariectomized during anoestrus or during the
      midluteal phase of the oestrous cycle. In Exp. 1, blood samples were taken every
      20 min for 12 h the day before ovariectomy (Day 0). After ovariectomy, samples
      were taken every 10 min for 6 h (10 ewes per group), on Days 1, 3, 7 and 15. In
      Exp. 2 samples were taken every 10 min for 6 h (10 ewes per group) on Days 7, 15,
      30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 after ovariectomy. Further samples were taken (5
      ewes per group) at 9 and 12 months after ovariectomy. There were significant
      interactions between season and day of sampling for the interval between LH
      pulses in both experiments. LH pulse frequency increased within 1 day of
      ovariectomy and the increase was more rapid during the breeding season. There
      were clear seasonal differences in pulse frequency in Exp. 2. Compared with ewes
      ovariectomized in anoestrus, pulse frequency was significantly higher for ewes
      ovariectomized in the breeding season, from Day 7 until Day 120. Once pulse
      frequency had increased in ewes about the time of the normal breeding season,
      pulse frequency remained high and subsequent seasonal changes were greatly
      reduced. Pulse amplitude increased immediately after ovariectomy to reach a
      maximum on Day 7 and there were no differences between season of ovariectomy in
      the initial changes in amplitude. In Exp. 2, changes in amplitude followed
      changes in pulse interval and there was a significant interaction between season
      and day of sampling. There were no significant effects of season on nadir LH
      concentrations which increased throughout the duration of the experiments. These
      results show that, in ovariectomized ewes, LH pulse frequency observed on a given
      day depends on time after ovariectomy, season at the time of sampling and on
      previous exposure of ewes to stimulatory effects of season. The direct effects of
      season on LH pulse frequency and seasonal changes in sensitivity to steroid
      feedback may contribute to control of the breeding season and their relative
      contributions to the beginning and end of the breeding season may differ.

PMID- 4038517
TI  - Rate and course of atresia during follicular development in the adult cyclic rat.
AB  - Ovarian follicles (greater than or equal to 100 X 10(5) microns 3 or a mean
      diameter of greater than or equal to 275 microns) in adult rats were classified
      as non-atretic and atretic during the oestrous cycle and recorded in 5 volume
      classes. The atretic follicles were also categorized in several stages according
      to the progress of atresia. The degeneration of the entire granulosa wall until
      the induced changes in the oocyte took at least 24 h. Another 24 h elapsed before
      the oocyte became denuded. Therefore the % of atretic follicles, i.e. follicles
      in all stages of atresia, could not be used as indicator for the rate of atresia.
      The atretic portion in the follicle population greater than or equal to 100 X
      10(5) microns 3 increased from early dioestrus 1 to early dioestrus 3, reached a
      plateau during dioestrus 3 and pro-oestrus, and declined at late oestrus to the
      level of early dioestrus 1. The sudden decrease in number of atretic follicles
      after late pro-oestrus was caused by the discard of many atretic follicles in the
      advanced stages due to various deformities as revealed by histological
      observation. By using the % of atretic follicles in the earliest stage as
      indicator of atretic rate, two waves of atresia were found affecting the
      population of antral follicles during their growth, the first at dioestrus 1
      amounting to 15-20% and then at dioestrus 3, affecting 35% of the population. The
      present study also shows the extension of atresia in the various volume classes
      of follicles during the oestrous cycle. A pool of approximately 7 follicles in
      the smallest volume class was maintained after ovulation, grew further in the
      next cycle with a new cohort of 20 follicles, and seemed to provide the required
      number of follicles destined to ovulate. This suggests that the follicles that
      ovulate were already present at an antral stage in the preceding cycle and needed
      two cycles for their growth to ovulation.

PMID- 4038518
TI  - Structure of the oviducal epithelium of the brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus
      vulpecula).
AB  - Observations were made using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and
      were correlated with measurements of the mean surface area and the percentage
      area occupied by secretory cells to provide precise interpretation of the
      morphological data. In cyclic and anoestrous possums the oviducts were lined with
      elaborate folds of mucosa except in the portion of the isthmus adjacent to the
      uterus where the pattern was much simplified. The folds decreased in height and
      number after ovariectomy. Secretion was maximal between oestrus and Day 2 of the
      cycle when most ovulations take place. Extrusion of vesicles was observed in the
      ampulla and isthmus at this stage although the process was localized to some
      extent because groups of cells with actively extruding vesicles were interspersed
      with others which contained vesicles but otherwise appeared inactive. This is
      interpreted as a device whereby a constant supply of secretion can be maintained
      over several days. Secretory activity declined between Days 3 and 8 and the
      epithelium in mid-cycle (Days 8-18) appeared relatively quiescent. By Day 24
      there was morphological and morphometric evidence of a return to oestrous
      conditions, although vesicles had not yet reappeared in secretory cells.
      Ciliogenesis was prevalent at this time and is probably related to the ovum
      transport that will occur several days later.

PMID- 4038519
TI  - Smith-McGuckin spot.
AB  - Direct inspection of the tympanic membrane, especially with the help of the
      microscope, continues to be an important part of the examination of the patient
      suffering from ear disease. Accurate assessment of the varied appearances can be
      helpful in anticipating the prognosis in SMOM and may give information about the
      pathology of CSOM and cholesteatoma. The Smith-McGuckin spot was first described
      20 years ago (Smith 1964, R Thomas 1965, personal communication) and its
      significance is reviewed. Further evidence of the relationship between skeletal
      disorders such as Turner's syndrome and persistent SMOM is described. It is
      suggested that bone resorption in the deep meatus, outer attic wall and ossicles
      may result from chronic hyperaemia rather than sepsis or avascular necrosis. The
      part played by cholesteatoma in bone erosion is questioned.

PMID- 4038520
TI  - Characterization of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus mRNA species reveals
      a nonvirion rhabdovirus protein.
AB  - The genome RNA and six mRNA species of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
      were analyzed by denaturing gel electrophoresis. The following molecular weights
      were determined: genome RNA, 3.7 X 10(6); mRNA 1, 2.26 X 10(6); mRNA 2, 5.63 X
      10(5); mRNA 3, 4.84 X 10(5); mRNA 4 (containing two different mRNA species), 3.00
      X 10(5); and mRNA 5, 1.95 X 10(5). Densitometer analyses of gels were used to
      calculate the molar ratios of the intracellular mRNA species: mRNA 1, 0.02; mRNA
      2, 0.49; mRNA 3, 1.0; mRNA 4, 2.52; and mRNA 5, 0.41. Hybrid selection studies
      determined the mRNA coding assignments as follows: mRNA 1 encodes the viral
      polymerase, L; mRNA 2 encodes the glycoprotein, G; mRNA 3 encodes the
      nucleocapsid protein, N; mRNA 4 is composed of two comigrating mRNA species which
      encode the matrix proteins, M1 and M2; and mRNA 5 encodes a previously
      unrecognized viral protein which is induced in infected cells but is not present
      in mature virions. This nonvirion protein has been designated the NV protein.

PMID- 4038521
TI  - Virions and intracellular nucleocapsids produced during mixed heterotypic
      influenza infection of MDCK cells.
AB  - Phenotypically mixed virus yields, obtained by coinfection of MDCK cells with
      influenza A/WSN/33 and B/Lee/40 viruses, contained both A/WSN/33 and B/Lee/40 NP
      proteins, as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified 14C
      amino acids-labeled virus. Virions were lysed with 0.6 M KCl-Triton X-100 buffer,
      and nucleocapsids were immunoprecipitated with antibodies against NP protein of
      influenza A virus. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitate
      revealed NP protein of A/WSN/33 but not of B/Lee/40 virus. However, in similar
      experiments with the lysates of doubly infected cells, the band of B/Lee/40 NP
      protein was revealed in the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of the
      immunoprecipitates. In an attempt to analyze the RNA content of the immune
      complexes, we absorbed the lysates of doubly infected [3H]uridine-labeled cells
      with protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus covered with antibodies against
      the NP protein of influenza A virus. RNA extracted from the immune complexes
      contained genomic RNA segments of both A/WSN/33 and B/Lee/40 viruses. In control
      samples containing an artificial mixture of cell lysates separately infected with
      each virus, the analysis revealed homologous components (i.e., A/WSN/33 NP
      protein or RNA segments) in the immune complexes. The results suggest the
      presence of phenotypically mixed nucleocapsids in the cells doubly infected with
      influenza A and B viruses; in the course of the virion formation, the
      nucleocapsids lacking the heterologous NP protein are selected.

PMID- 4038522
TI  - Intraoperative profilometry.
AB  - Intraoperative profilometry measurements were done on 28 patients during various
      types of urethropexy to determine whether useful information could be provided to
      the operating surgeon. Successful Burch, Marshall-Marchetti and Stamey-Pereyra
      procedures resulted in a 50 per cent increase in urethral length. Closure
      pressure increases were noted only with the Stamey-Pereyra procedure (plus 49 per
      cent). Intraoperative profilometry measurements were considered to be informative
      and useful, particularly during the Stamey-Pereyra urethropexy in which case
      suture ties could be regulated to provide desired urethral elongation and closure
      pressure changes.

PMID- 4038523
TI  - Evacuation of the bladder via abdominal urethrostomy.

PMID- 4038524
TI  - Ectopic ureterocele in an adult with prolapse through the urethra.
AB  - Most ureteroceles in adults are incidental findings at excretory urography.
      Symptomatic ureteroceles are unusual and prolapse of the ureterocele is
      particularly uncommon. We describe a woman with prolapse of a ureterocele through
      the urethra, which resulted in strangulation and partial necrosis of the
      ureterocele wall.

PMID- 4038525
TI  - Acute gastric anisakiasis. Analysis of 178 cases.
AB  - From 1969 to 1984, we treated 178 patients with acute gastric anisakiasis caused
      by gastric mucosal penetration of the Anisakis larvae. Because the larvae of
      Anisakis can always be observed by endoscopy and removed with biopsy forceps,
      early performance of endoscopy is highly recommended for patients in whom acute
      gastric anisakiasis is suspected and for those who have eaten raw fish within 12
      hours before onset of the gastric symptoms. Endoscopic removal is essential to
      relieve the intolerable pain; after relief, the administration of antacids will
      repair the damaged gastric mucosa. Ulcer formation is rare.

PMID- 4038526
TI  - Anisakiasis from the American perspective.

PMID- 4038527
TI  - Effect of branched-chain amino acids and insulin on postinjury protein catabolism
      in growing animals.

PMID- 4038529
TI  - [Causes of individual differences in aging--a study of separately raised twins].

PMID- 4038528
TI  - The importance of prostaglandin E1 in resuscitation of the neonate with critical
      aortic stenosis.

PMID- 4038530
TI  - A diurnal variation of hepatic acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity in the
      rat.
AB  - The diurnal variation in lysosomal acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase (Acid CEH),
      (EC 3.1.1.13) has been examined in fed, fasted and adrenalectomized rats. The
      Acid CEH activity of normal rat liver exhibits a diurnal rhythm with maxima at
      06.00 hours and minima at 18.00 hours, but such a rhythm was not observed in
      spleen and brain. This rhythm was abolished after fasting for two days, and the
      resulting Acid CEH activity remained constant at the minimum level. However,
      adrenalectomy did not abolish the diurnal rhythm. These results indicate that the
      Acid CEH activity varies according to a diurnal rhythm with maxima and minima
      separated by approximately 12 hr. Further, it is evident that the appearance of
      this rhythm is dependent upon dietary, but not adrenal hormone influence.

PMID- 4038531
TI  - Withdrawal and withholding of life-support in terminally ill patients. Part II.

PMID- 4038532
TI  - The Austrian situation concerning voluntary and non-voluntary hospitalization.

PMID- 4038533
TI  - Domestic violence.

PMID- 4038534
TI  - Clinical criminology: an emerging profession.

PMID- 4038535
TI  - The United States Supreme Court and mental health law. A retrospective.

PMID- 4038536
TI  - In vino veritas?: Police interrogation of intoxicated persons and the requirement
      of voluntariness.

PMID- 4038537
TI  - Outpatient treatment of alcohol addicts. The Burgenland model.

PMID- 4038538
TI  - Multiple self-inflicted gunshot wounds. A case report.

PMID- 4038539
TI  - Ben-Ari v. Shapira: contempt proceedings against mentally ill persons in the
      Supreme Court of Israel Civil Appeal.

PMID- 4038540
TI  - Constitutionality of a city ordinance regulating the performance of abortion
      (city of Akron v. Akron Center of Reproductive Health). US Supreme Court,
      Decision Nos. 81746, 811172, June 15, 1983 (Supreme Court Reporter = S.Ct. 103
      (1983, 2481-2517).

PMID- 4038541
TI  - Remarks on telling the truth or lying.

PMID- 4038542
TI  - Ethanol-induced alterations in rat synaptosomal plasma membrane phospholipids.
      Relationship to changes in the phospholipid methyltransferases.
AB  - The effects of ethanol ingestion on the lipids of the synaptic plasma membrane
      (SPM) have been measured and correlated with the time frame for the development
      of physical dependence. Alterations were observed in three of the phospholipid
      fractions: phosphatidylcholine (PC) increased, and the phosphatidylethanolamine
      (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) plus phosphatidylinositol (PI) fractions
      decreased. These alterations occurred after the animals showed signs of
      dependence. Because PC can be synthesized from PE by the methyltransferase
      pathway, synaptosomal methyl group incorporation was measured. Rats were fed
      ethanol for 6 days before an increase was observed in methyl incorporation, a
      shorter length of time than was necessary to demonstrate physical dependence or
      phospholipid alterations (10 to 14 days). After ethanol withdrawal, 7 days of
      control diet feeding were required for methyl group incorporation to return to
      control values. In vitro ethanol (10-250 mM) additions to the methyltransferase
      incubations resulted in a slight increase in methyl incorporation. These data
      suggest that synaptic membrane lipid alterations may be related to ethanol
      dependence and that changes in the PC/PE ratio may be the result of an increase
      in the incorporation of methyl groups into synaptosomal phospholipids.

PMID- 4038543
TI  - Studies on chromosome aberrations in the eggs of mice fertilized in vitro after
      irradiation. I. Chromosome aberrations induced in sperm after X-irradiation.
AB  - The induction of chromosome aberrations in eggs of mice fertilized with X
      irradiated sperm was performed by using an in vitro fertilization technique.
      Capacitated mature sperm was irradiated with various doses of X-rays and
      cytological analysis of the first cleavage metaphase of in vitro fertilized eggs
      was made. The frequencies of chromosome aberrations increased exponentially with
      dose and the dose-response relationship for overall breaks fitted well to a
      quadratic equation. The chromosome aberrations were mainly chromosome-type
      (82.1%), and the majority of aberrations were fragments.

PMID- 4038544
TI  - Successful reversal of echovirus encephalitis in X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia
      by intraventricular administration of immunoglobulin.

PMID- 4038545
TI  - Skeleton key to memory?

PMID- 4038546
TI  - Growth hormone secretion during long-term thiopental anesthesia in the adult male
      rat.
AB  - To study the secretory pattern of growth hormone (GH) in the adult male rat in a
      continuous sleep state, the GH concentration was measured in blood sampled at 10
      min intervals through an intracardiac cannula for 9-10 h long-term anesthesia
      with thiopental sodium. The cortical EEG was monitored to maintain stable EEG
      sleep throughout the sampling period. In 41 animals subjected to anesthesia, 32
      showed an apparent fluctuation in GH levels. The analysis of the time series of
      the GH concentration in blood by the power spectrum and least-squares method
      revealed that 27 animals had periodicities within the mean +/- 2SD range obtained
      for the unanesthetized, but similarly sampled, animals from 2.40 to 3.85 h. The
      mean (+/- SE) of the periodicities for 27 animals was 3.01 +/- 0.06 h, similar to
      that obtained for the unanesthetized animals, approximately 3.0 h. The results
      indicate that, although the GH-controlling mechanism in the rat is facilitated
      under sleep, it has a 3.0-hour period ultradian rhythm mechanism that is
      independent from that for sleep.

PMID- 4038547
TI  - Maternal and perinatal morbidity resulting from placenta previa.
AB  - One hundred forty-seven cases of partial or complete placenta previa from 1975 to
      1982 were reviewed. A history of prior cesarean section was associated with a
      significant increase in maternal morbidity, including massive hemorrhage,
      placenta accreta, and hysterectomy. Despite tocolysis and transfusions to delay
      delivery, nearly two-thirds of the patients were delivered before 36 weeks'
      gestation. Onset of bleeding before 20 weeks' gestation was associated with a
      very poor fetal prognosis. The perinatal mortality rate was 81 of 1000. The
      overall incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was 22%; this was a major
      cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. There was a statistically significant
      correlation between antepartum maternal hemorrhage and the need for neonatal
      transfusion, and between the neonatal anemia and the amount of intrapartum
      maternal blood loss.

PMID- 4038548
TI  - Systemic acyclovir in pregnancy: a case report.
AB  - Disseminated herpes simplex infection in pregnancy presents serious risk to
      mother and fetus. Although an uncommon problem, the high maternal and fetal
      mortality and morbidity accompanying disseminated herpes infection warrants
      aggressive new treatment. Specific antiviral chemotherapy is now possible for
      selected cases. The present report describes the use of acyclovir during the
      third trimester for disseminated herpes simplex infection. The treatment protocol
      used and pregnancy outcome are described for this case. Acyclovir therapy and
      potential toxicities are described.

PMID- 4038549
TI  - Synergic effect of cisplatin, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide combination
      chemotherapy and radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.
AB  - 61 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer were treated by
      combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. 23
      patients received radiotherapy in addition to the chemotherapy. 49 out of 55
      adequately treated patients were evaluable for tumor response. Of 29 patients who
      received chemotherapy alone, 6 (21%) achieved partial responses. Of 20 patients
      who received combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 16 (80%) achieved complete
      or partial responses. The median survival time was 18 months for 22 patients
      treated with combined therapies.

PMID- 4038550
TI  - Droperidol as an antiemetic in cis-platinum-induced nausea and vomiting.
AB  - 23 patients received cis-platinum, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide for
      gynecologic malignancy between December 1, 1980 and December 1, 1982. Each
      patient was randomized with each course of chemotherapy to receive intravenous
      droperidol or the combination of promethazine and chlorpromazine rectal
      suppositories as an antiemetic regimen. Both the rate and duration of emesis were
      significantly lower when droperidol was used as the antiemetic regimen. There
      were no major side effects with either regimen. Droperidol seems to be superior
      to the combination of promethazine and chlorpromazine rectal suppositories in
      alleviating cis-platinum-induced nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 4038551
TI  - [Estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrial carcinoma following
      endometrial radiation therapy].

PMID- 4038552
TI  - Inhibitory effect of maternal alcohol ingestion on rat pup hepatic 25
      hydroxyvitamin D production.
AB  - The mechanisms underlying the teratogenic effects of alcohol are unknown, and may
      reflect metabolic differences between adult and fetal tissues. The liver is the
      major site of alcohol metabolism and the sole site of 25 hydroxyvitamin D
      synthesis. We have compared 25-hydroxyvitamin D production in adult nonpregnant,
      maternal, and pup livers obtained from vitamin D-deficient animals and examined
      the effects of alcohol ingestion on hepatic vitamin D metabolism. 25
      Hydroxyvitamin D production was comparable in adult nonpregnant and maternal
      livers, but was decreased in pup livers compared to their maternal controls (1.4
      +/- 0.2 versus 0.6 +/- 0.1 pmol/g protein/h, p less than 0.001). Alcohol
      ingestion for 18 days had no effect on hepatic synthesis of 25 hydroxyvitamin D
      in the adult livers, but inhibited production by the pup livers (0.6 +/- 0.1
      versus 0.3 +/- 0.1 pmol/g protein/h, p less than 0.02). To assess the physiologic
      significance of these observations, the effect of alcohol on 25-hydroxyvitamin D
      levels in vitamin D-replete mothers and fetuses was determined. Alcohol had no
      effect on circulating 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels in the mothers but lowered fetal
      25 hydroxyvitamin D content (2.3 +/- 0.3 versus 1.2 +/- 0.3 ng/g fetus, p less
      than 0.02) without altering fetal weight. The data indicate that differences
      exist in pup and adult hepatic metabolism of vitamin D and that alcohol has
      inhibitory effects on pup liver function not expressed in adult tissues.

PMID- 4038553
TI  - Oral dexamethasone for treatment of persistent middle ear effusion.
AB  - A double-blind controlled study of oral dexamethasone (in a 2-week tapering dose
      from .15 mg/kg/d) v placebo in 49 pediatric patients (mean age 3.7 years) with
      persistent asymptomatic middle ear effusion of three or more weeks duration was
      conducted. Middle ear effusion resolution was determined by a myringotomy
      validated algorithm that combined pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry. Four weeks
      after completing treatment, 1/26 (4%) patients receiving dexamethasone and 2/23
      (9%) patients receiving placebo had completely cleared their middle ear effusion
      (95% confidence interval -0.05 +/- 0.14). Five of 26 (19%) patients receiving
      dexamethasone and 6/23 (26%) patients receiving placebo had improved their
      hearing in all affected ears by 10 dB or more (95% confidence interval -0.07 +/-
      0.23). Oral dexamethasone as used in this study was not effective in treating
      persistent middle ear effusion in children.

PMID- 4038554
TI  - Phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia of hemolytic disease of the newborn.

PMID- 4038555
TI  - Nutrition and prostate cancer: a case-control study.
AB  - This one-to-one, age- and race-matched case-control study involved 181
      histologically confirmed black prostate cancer patients and 181 controls seen at
      three major hospitals in Washington, DC, during the period 1979-1982. Personal
      interviews were conducted to obtain the number of times food items of specified
      serving size were consumed per week by cases and controls during the age periods
      30-49 and 50 years and older. Then the average daily consumption of each of 18
      nutrients per 1,000 calories was calculated. There was risk enhancement
      associated with increased intake of proteins, total fat, saturated fat, oleic
      acid, and vitamin A during the age period 30-49 years. The association was highly
      significant for vitamin A and approached statistical significance for the other
      four nutrients. A hypothesis based on disturbance of the zinc-retinol binding
      protein-vitamin A axis was put forward to explain the relative risk enhancement
      effect of vitamin A on prostate cancer.

PMID- 4038556
TI  - Retrograde amnesia produced by electron beam exposure: causal parameters and
      duration of memory loss.
AB  - The production of retrograde amnesia (RA) upon electron beam exposure has been
      investigated. RA production was evaluated using a single-trial avoidance task
      across a 10(4) dose range for 10-, 1-, and 0.1-microsecond pulsed exposures. The
      dose-response curve obtained at each pulse duration showed significant RA
      production. The most effective dose range was 0.1-10 rad at a dose rate of 10(6)
      rad/sec. By employing a 10 rad (10(6) rad/sec) pulse, a memory loss of the events
      occurring in the previous 4 sec was demonstrated. The conclusion was that the RA
      effect might be due to sensory system activation which provided a novel stimulus
      that masked previous stimuli.

PMID- 4038557
TI  - [Artificial insemination. Another resource in the treatment of infertility].

PMID- 4038558
TI  - [2 + 2] photocycloadditions in the synthesis of chiral molecules.
AB  - A strategy for the synthesis of chiral molecules that receives growing popularity
      among organic chemists employs the photochemically mediated [2 + 2] cycloaddition
      reaction. These reactions can be performed on a multigram scale and often proceed
      with high yield and with stereocontrol. These features, in combination with the
      useful properties of the four-membered ring photoproducts in subsequent chemical
      transformations, make them attractive options in the early stage of a synthesis
      design. Various combinations of unsaturated functional groups can participate in
      this reaction process. Accordingly, these chemical reactions can be economical
      solutions to problems relating to the synthesis of a variety of target molecules.

PMID- 4038559
TI  - [Hemangiosarcoma of the breast].

PMID- 4038560
TI  - Glycerol dynamics in weight-losing cancer patients.
AB  - This study was designed to show whether weight-losing cancer patients have an
      elevated glycerol turnover. Four groups of patients were examined: weight-losing
      cancer patients, weight-losing patients without cancer, cancer patients without
      weight loss, and weight-stable and well-nourished hospitalized control patients.
      Glycerol was infused intravenously at three different rates (200, 400, and 800
      mumol/hr/kg body weight) after an overnight fast. This allowed measurement of
      clearance and plasma glycerol turnover. Weight-losing cancer patients (group 1)
      had an almost threefold higher glycerol turnover per kilogram of body weight
      compared with malnourished and well-nourished noncancer patients. However, both
      malnourished cancer and noncancer patients had an elevated glycerol turnover
      compared with well-nourished patients when glycerol turnover was related to whole
      body lipids. The results how that progressive clinical cancer is associated with
      an elevated plasma glycerol turnover, probably indicating an increased whole body
      lipolysis. This may explain the loss of body fat during the development of cancer
      cachexia.

PMID- 4038561
TI  - [Behavioral disorders in animals of stock farms].
AB  - Intensively kept farm animals often show behavioural disturbances; some of these
      disturbances will cause pain (injurious behaviour), others will reflect pain
      (limping, colic). Also, the very common stereotypies are associated with pain.
      These stereotypies are characterized by their constant form and senseless
      repetitions. Stereotypies of tethered sows would appear to be specifically
      related with endorphins; they may act as agents promoting the release of
      endorphins and thereby calming the animal. This tranquilizing and protective
      function of stereotypies may play a role in veal calves showing abomasal injury.
      It was found that those calves that displayed most stereotypies had the least
      abomasal damage. Finally, a model is described, which makes it clear why emotions
      are essential in the behaviour of man and animals.

PMID- 4038562
TI  - [Evaluation of remission of progressive tumors treated with a simultaneous
      combination of radiation and platinum therapy].
AB  - Since January 1982, we have treated in a phase-II study 28 patients with a low
      dose cis-platinum therapy combined with radiotherapy. We wanted to study the
      effect of reduced doses of cis-diamino-dichloroplatinum (II) in three different
      dose patterns: 1. "higher" dosage (150 mg/m2 within six weeks), single dose: 25
      mg/m2 one time per treatment week), 2. "medium" dosage (80 mg/m2 within six
      weeks), single dose: 20 mg/m2 two times weekly during the first, fourth, seventh,
      and tenth treatment week, 3. "lower" dosage (75 mg/m2 within six weeks), single
      dose: 12.5 mg/m2 three times weekly during the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth
      treatment week. In one patient group the simultaneous radiotherapy was performed
      with a tumoricide dose of 2 Gy single dose with 4 fractions per week in two
      series (first series about 40 to 48 Gy tumor dose, pause of three to four weeks,
      second series about 16 Gy focal dose). The other group received palliative
      radiation doses (10 to 35 Gy tumor dose in one series), and the total platinum
      doses were lower corresponding to the shorter irradiation time. All patients were
      in advanced or recurrent stages of the disease. They suffered from different
      carcinomas and sarcomas with measurable parameters of response. RESULTS: 1.
      Manifestations beyond the irradiation field showed no remission. Within the
      irradiation field, all cases responded (CR/PR) for at least two months. 2. There
      was no reliable dependence from the platinum dose. A tendency in favor of higher
      single doses could be supposed. The response of even extreme palliative cases
      with low radiation and platinum doses was surprising. Limitating toxicities were
      not observed.

PMID- 4038563
TI  - [Rupture of the pregnant uterus after salpingectomy].

PMID- 4038564
TI  - Female bladder neck reconstruction. Anatomic and physiologic approach.
AB  - Postoperative scarring of the bladder neck and urethra after failed anti
      incontinence surgery in the female can seriously disrupt the normal mechanisms of
      bladder storage and emptying. We have analyzed and treated this problem in 10
      selected female patients. A "wrap-flap" technique with omental support has been
      applied to reconstitute the normal anatomy and physiology of the bladder neck.
      Excellent results were obtained in all patients, with up to fifty-four months of
      follow-up. We recommend this procedure prior to the implantation of prosthetic
      material, with its inherent difficulties.

PMID- 4038565
TI  - Radical cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy.
AB  - Seventy-one radical cystectomies were performed at the University of Tennessee
      from June, 1976, through December, 1983. The operative mortality rate was 1.5 per
      cent. The early and late complication rate was 21 and 15 per cent, respectively.
      Single agent cisplatin was used as adjuvant chemotherapy in patients at high risk
      for development of metastatic disease and did not alter the poor survival of this
      group of patients.

PMID- 4038566
TI  - [Today's diagnostic possibilities in cardiomyopathies].

PMID- 4038567
TI  - Changes of molecular forms of growth hormone in bromocriptine treated acromegaly
      in relation to changes of somatomedin-C and clinical response.
AB  - Eleven patients with active acromegaly were treated with 10-20 mg bromocriptine
      daily for a period of 6-9 months. The clinical response was evaluated by a
      'clinical and metabolic improvement score'. The biochemical response was
      evaluated by measurement of both the mean plasma growth hormone (GH) level during
      the day and the somatomedin-C (Sm-C) concentration. Before and at the end of the
      treatment period plasma samples were fractionated by Sephadex G-100
      chromatography in order to study the effects of chronic bromocriptine treatment
      on the concentrations of total GH and its different molecular forms. The main
      observations may be summarized as follows: Three immunoreactive components were
      observed on Sephadex chromatography corresponding to molecular weight above 100
      000 (big-big GH), 40 000-60 000 (big GH) and 20 000-22 000 (little GH).
      Bromocriptine treatment induced preferentially a reduction of little GH. There
      was a very good correlation between the decrease of little GH and total GH, and
      both were significantly correlated with the clinical response. The correlation
      between the decrease of Sm-C values and that of little and total GH as well as
      between the decrease of Sm-C and the clinical response was poor. It is concluded
      that a) measurement of little GH is not superior to the determination of total GH
      in the assessment of disease activity of bromocriptine treated acromegalic
      patients; b) both methods are superior to the measurement of plasma Sm-C levels;
      c) clinical response out of proportion ot the fall of total GH which can be
      explained by a preferential reduction of little GH, has not been observed in our
      investigations.

PMID- 4038568
TI  - Forskolin stimulation of adenylate cyclase in human thyroid membranes.
AB  - Forskolin stimulates adenylate cyclase in human thyroid membranes approximately 7
      fold with half-maximal stimulation occurring at 5-10 microM. Guanine nucleotides
      are not required for stimulation of the enzyme by forskolin. Forskolin
      stimulation is additive or greater than additive with that of TSH or Gpp(NH)p-
      (above 1 microM). Different from TSH- or Gpp(NH)p-stimulation of adenylate
      cyclase, uncoupling of the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component by
      increasing concentrations of MnCl2 did not result in uncoupling of forskolin
      stimulation. The finding indicates that forskolin may mainly act on the catalytic
      component of adenylate cyclase. From the present study, it is suggested that the
      diterpene forskolin stimulates adenylate cyclase in human thyroid membranes by a
      novel mechanism that differs from TSH- or Gpp(NH)p-stimulation, and that the
      diterpene may be a useful tool to investigate the metabolism of thyroid and its
      regulation in normal and pathological situations.

PMID- 4038569
TI  - Oxytocin can affect follicular development in the adult mouse.
AB  - Injection of oxytocin into normal adult cycling mice caused alterations in
      ovarian histology. Oxytocin was administered early on the day of pro-oestrus and
      it induced the appearance of large numbers of corpora lutea by late pro-oestrus,
      suggesting oxytocin stimulated ovulation. When mice were examined very early on
      the day of normal oestrus the ovarian population of follicles was different in
      the experimental group from that in the control mice, there being increased
      numbers of preantral and antral follicles in treated animals. As oxytocin can
      cause an alteration in the timing of follicular maturation and ovulation
      processes study of communications between the adenohypophysis and areas
      containing oxytocin might be important for understanding physiological details of
      ovulation. The relative times at which, for instance, antral follicle and corpora
      lutea populations increased suggested that oxytocin might have more than one
      activity which affects ovarian behaviour.

PMID- 4038570
TI  - Studies of the human testis. XIX. Preparation of an antibody to human
      testosterone-oestradiol-binding globulin and its application to the study of
      testicular androgen-binding protein.
AB  - Human testosterone-oestradiol-binding globulin (hTeBG) was purified from
      pregnancy serum by ammonium sulphate precipitation, preparative flatbed
      electrofocusing, Concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, Sephadex G-150
      gel filtration, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The yield was 0.3 mg of hTeBG with a specific acitivity of 1.1
      nmoles DHT bound per mg. An antiserum to TeBG was raised in rabbits. Anti-hTeBG
      IgG was separated from rabbit TeBG by DEAE-Affi-Gel-Blue chromatography. Anti
      hTeBG was titrated using protein A-Sepharose which quantitatively binds IgG and
      therefore bound [3H]DHT-hTeBG-anti-TeBG complexes. The androgen binding
      components from human testis were separated on Concanavalin A-Sepharose columns
      into excluded and retained fractions. The antibody bound both testis fractions
      with titration curves which paralleled that of TeBG, indicating that these
      androphilic proteins share common immunodeterminants with hTe-BG. The possibility
      that these testicular proteins are identical in amino acid sequence to TeBG and
      differ only in carbohydrate content will require further verification. Finally,
      these results indicate that antibodies to TeBG can be used to study human
      testicular androgen-binding protein.

PMID- 4038571
TI  - Value and limitations of radionuclide angiography in determining the cause of
      reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: comparison of idiopathic dilated
      cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease.
AB  - The radionuclide angiograms of 59 patients with a left ventricular (LV) ejection
      fraction (EF) less than 0.40, 23 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and
      36 with coronary artery disease (CAD) were analyzed to assess the usefulness of
      radionuclide angiography in distinguishing these conditions. Mean right
      ventricular EF was lower in the IDC group than in the CAD group, 0.31 vs 0.45 (p
      less than 0.01). LV wall motion was scored from 3 (normal) to -1 (dyskinesia).
      The incidence of akinesia was similar in IDC and CAD groups, 70% and 83%,
      respectively. Dyskinesia was more common in the CAD group (42% vs 17%), but the
      difference was not statistically significant. Segmental wall motion analysis
      showed similar patterns of wall motion in both groups, with contraction best
      preserved in the anterobasal, posterobasal and superolateral segments. Patients
      in the CAD group had worse apical motion (p less than 0.01) and better wall
      motion in the anterobasal (p less than 0.05) and superolateral walls (p less than
      0.01), compared with patients in the IDC group. To assess symmetry of
      contraction, a maximum difference score was derived for each patient. Symmetry (a
      score less than 1) was present in 5 IDC and no CAD patients, whereas asymmetry (a
      score of 2 or more) was present in 27 CAD and 7 IDC patients (p less than 0.01).
      Wall motion became more symmetric in both groups when LVEF was less than 0.20.
      Logistic regression analysis revealed that the maximum difference score was the
      best predictor of the diagnosis, but only because of better separation at the
      extremes of maximum difference score values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038572
TI  - Ultrastructure of Sertoli-cell penetrating processes found in germ cells of the
      golden-mantled ground squirrel (spermophilus lateralis).
AB  - We have studied the ultrastructure of Sertoli-cell processes that extend into
      developing germ cells of the ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis). In other
      mammals it is speculated that these processes anchor germ cells to the
      seminiferous epithelium and transfer materials between Sertoli and germ cells. In
      the ground squirrel, Sertoli-cell projections first appear in round spermatids
      and consist of regions containing numerous mitochondria and intermediate
      filaments together with areas composed mainly of a fine filamentous matrix. Also
      present are what may be desmosomelike junctions with adjacent germ cells. During
      spermatogenesis, numerous changes in the penetrating processes and their internal
      composition occur. Especially significant are those occurring during the movement
      of residual cytoplasm basally over spermatid heads: some Sertoli-cell processes
      contain microtubules, mitochondria, and vesicular elements, but also present are
      regions that lack organelles and appear simply as thin lamellae of cytoplasm that
      line cavernous invaginations of the germ cell. Coated vesicles and pits are
      present in processes and adjacent germ-cell regions at all stages of
      spermatogenesis. Our observations are consistent with the suggestions that
      Sertoli-cell processes have an attachment function and that they also may
      facilitate the movement of residual cytoplasm into the epithelium. Further, they
      indicate that these structures might be involved with receptor-mediated
      edocytosis.

PMID- 4038573
TI  - Absorption and retention of selenium from intrinsically labeled egg and selenite
      as determined by stable isotope studies in humans.
AB  - A study was carried out with four healthy young adult men, consuming a self
      selected diet, to investigate quantitative aspects of the gastrointestinal
      absorption, urinary excretion, and body retention of egg selenium in comparison
      with selenite. The approach involved simultaneous consumption of egg biologically
      labeled (intrinsic) with the stable isotope 74Se and a dose of selenite labeled
      with 76Se (extrinsic label). Four labeled test diets, given on days 6, 16, 26,
      and 36 of the study were employed, each differing in their protein source: test
      diet I, 74Se-labeled egg white; diet II, 74Se-labeled egg yolk (high labeling
      dose) plus balanced L-amino acid mixture; diet III, 74Se-labeled egg yolk (low
      labeling dose) plus balanced amino acid mixture; and diet IV, balanced amino acid
      mixture extrinsically labeled with both 74SeO32- and 76SeO32-. The latter diet
      was included to assess the magnitude of any cross-isotope methodological bias.
      Fractional absorption (means +/- SEM) for Diet IV was 0.771 +/- 0.010 for the
      74SeO32- and 0.656 +/- 0.021 for the 76SeO32- (ratio: 0.851 +/- 0.020);
      reflecting a small overall cross-isotope bias. Accepting the measurements made
      with 74SeO32- as the more accurate, experimentally determined values of
      absorption for the extrinsic tag were adjusted accordingly. The corrected
      absorption for these diets (% of dose) was (mean +/- SEM; first value for
      intrinsic label, second value for extrinsic label): diet I, 54.1 +/- 0.7 and 55.4
      +/- 2.2; diet II, 76.7 +/- 0.8 and 83.0 +/- 1.8; diet III, 79.0 +/- 1.5 and 85.2
      +/- 4.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038574
TI  - Use of aztreonam in the treatment of serious infections due to multiresistant
      gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Aztreonam is a novel antimicrobial agent belonging to the monobactam class of
      antibiotics. It inhibits both beta-lactamase-producing and non-beta-lactamase
      producing aerobic gram-negative bacilli, but it has no activity against gram
      positive species or against anaerobic species. The efficacy of aztreonam in the
      treatment of infection in 76 patients and its safety in 87 patients was
      evaluated. The majority (91 percent) of patients had significant underlying
      disease, and 47 percent were critically ill. Aztreonam produced an overall
      clinical response of 86 percent, with 10 of 11 cases of bacteremia cured,
      including four due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, seven of eight cases of pneumonia,
      and seven of nine episodes of osteomyelitis. Infections due to bacteria resistant
      to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, and gentamicin
      were cured. Although 15 of 18 patients with exacerbations of pulmonary infection
      due to P. aeruginosa showed clinical improvement, bacteriologic cure was not
      achieved, as has been noted with other drugs. Similarly, patients with major
      underlying structural abnormalities of the urinary tract showed early relapses of
      bacteriuria. Aztreonam combined with antistaphylococcal, antistreptococcal, or
      antianaerobic agents provided an alternative to aminoglycoside use in these non
      neutropenic patients. Administration of 1 or 2 g every eight hours yield serum
      bactericidal levels well in excess of 1:8 against all Enterobacteriaceae and some
      P. aeruginosa strains. There was a low incidence of adverse side effects, none
      serious. Overall, aztreonam is a useful alternative to the drugs available for
      use in hospital-acquired gram-negative infections and provides a chance for more
      directed therapy.

PMID- 4038575
TI  - Relapsing post-transfusion purpura. A preventable disease.
AB  - Post-transfusion purpura is an isoimmune disorder that can recur if unrecognized.
      A 56-year-old woman is described who had her third episode of post-transfusion
      purpura 17 years after her last exposure to the inciting antigen. Clinical and
      immunologic features are reviewed, and specific preventive measures are proposed.

PMID- 4038576
TI  - Aztreonam: a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic.

PMID- 4038577
TI  - Treatment of gram-negative infections with aztreonam.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with serious gram-negative infections were treated with
      aztreonam. Twenty of these were clinical and microbiologic cures; there was one
      clinical improvement with microbiologic persistence. No bacteria became
      resistant. Cure rates were: bone and joint (11 of 11); skin and soft tissue (six
      of six); pneumonia (two of two); perinephric abscess (one of one); and intra
      abdominal abscess (zero of one). The bacteria responsible for these infections
      included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12), Serratia marcescens (two), Enterobacter
      gergoviae (three), Enterobacter aerogenes (two), Escherichia coli (one),
      Citrobacter diversus (one), and Hemophilus influenzae (one). Aztreonam was well
      tolerated. Significant serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase/serum glutamic
      pyruvic transaminase elevations developed in three patients, but none was
      symptomatic and all resolved after therapy was stopped. Two patients in whom a
      rash developed were receiving other antibiotics (vancomycin and metronidazole),
      making the cause of the rash unclear. Diarrhea developed in a single patient with
      Pseudomonas osteomyelitis, who also was receiving cefazolin for Staphylococcus
      aureus superinfection of his decubitus ulcer. Aztreonam was highly effective
      against gram-negative bacilli, including P. aeruginosa. The only clear-cut side
      effect was an asymptomatic rise in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase/serum
      glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels in three patients.

PMID- 4038578
TI  - Efficacy and safety of aztreonam versus tobramycin for aerobic gram-negative
      bacilli lower respiratory tract infections.
AB  - Aztreonam therapy was evaluated for the management of 80 patients with gram
      negative bacilli lower respiratory tract infections. Study results confirmed its
      efficacy and safety for this indication.

PMID- 4038579
TI  - Aztreonam plus clindamycin as therapy for pelvic infections in women.
AB  - Aztreonam, a new monobactam antibiotic with specific gram-negative aerobic
      activity, was used in combination with clindamycin in the treatment of 40 women
      with pelvic infection, including post-partum endometritis, pelvic inflammatory
      disease, and post-hysterectomy pelvic cellulitis. Clinical cure was achieved in
      87 percent of patients. Failure was related to the limited gram-positive aerobic
      spectrum of clindamycin. All aerobic gram-negative enteric organisms were
      sensitive in vitro to less than 0.125 microgram/ml of aztreonam.

PMID- 4038580
TI  - Current state of infectious diseases--potential areas of directed therapy with
      aztreonam.
AB  - Gram-negative bacillary organisms have continued to be a major source of hospital
      infections. Beta-lactamase-producing species have rendered many older beta-lactam
      antibiotics impotent. Aztreonam is a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic that
      inhibits aerobic gram-negative bacilli, including beta-lactamase-producing
      species. The agent has been used in the treatment of infections due to
      Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Potential areas of use of
      aztreonam are as sole therapy for urinary tract infections, gram-negative
      pneumonias, and bone and joint infections. It can be used in combination with
      other antibiotics as empiric therapy of respiratory, intra-abdominal, skin
      structure, and gynecologic infections. Aztreonam offers a new approach to the use
      of beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 4038581
TI  - Lowered prealbumin levels in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP)
      and their non-affected but at risk relatives.
AB  - Amyloid fibrils in familial amyloid polyneuropathy, the familial (AF) form of
      systemic amyloidosis, are composed of the monomeric unit (14,000 MW) of
      prealbumin molecules. By radioimmunoassay, the serum level of prealbumin was
      measured in 25 patients from 12 different kinships with this dominantly inherited
      form of amyloidosis and 56 unaffected, but at risk, relatives from two of the
      kinships. Results were compared to prealbumin levels in normal individuals and
      patients with primary (AL) and secondary (AA) forms of systemic amyloidosis.
      Significantly lowered prealbumin levels were found in the AF patients (149.2
      micrograms/ml) and their at risk relatives (169.0 micrograms/ml) when compared to
      normal individuals (232.9 micrograms/ml), AL patients (221.9 micrograms/ml) and
      AA patients (211.7 micrograms/ml). No abnormality was found in levels of retinol
      binding protein (RBP), which is carried by prealbumin, in the serum of either the
      AF patients or their relatives. The depressed prealbumin levels may indicate a
      structural variant molecular form, an extra hepatic synthesis or an abnormality
      in catabolism of this protein that is present prior to the clinical or
      histopathologic onset of the AF disease.

PMID- 4038582
TI  - X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata: a case report and family studies.
AB  - Two major types of chondrodysplasia punctata have been delineated; a severe,
      recessively inherited, rhizomelic form and the less severe, dominantly inherited
      Conradi-Hunerman form. Clinico-genetic analysis of this latter form of CP
      uncovered a sub-group characterised by asymmetric involvement with linear or
      whorled skin patches of ichthyosiform erythroderma or atrophoderma, circumscribed
      cicatricial alopecia, asymmetrical cataracts and limb shortness. The mosaic
      pattern of the manifestations and the limitation of reported cases to females
      suggested an X-linked dominant gene which undergoes Lyonisation in the female and
      is lethal in the hemizygous male. We report on a family ascertained through a
      baby girl who had manifestations typical of the X-linked dominant form of CP and
      whose mother, 2 of 3 maternal aunts, and maternal grandmother all had less severe
      manifestations. The absence of male offspring for 3 generations and a history of
      3 early miscarriages, along with the clinical variability in the affected
      females, provide further support for X-linked dominant inheritance of this
      disorder.

PMID- 4038583
TI  - Genetic epidemiology of twinning: a population-based study.
AB  - We report on kinship analysis of mothers with twins and a study of their
      ancestors and inbreeding. A pair-matched case-control design supports the
      analyses. Nearly as high a number of ancestors was found at the origin of cases
      as in control individuals. Study cases were less inbred than control subjects,
      but their kinship was higher, especially for unlike-sex twins born after age 30
      years of mothers and, but less so, for like-sex twins born to mothers younger
      than 30 years. The results indicate a genetic origin of both types of twins and
      possibly a highly spread gene with dominant or co-dominant expression.

PMID- 4038584
TI  - Screening for sexual problems through a simple questionnaire.
AB  - Screening for sexual problems should be part of the medical assessment, but there
      is controversy on the best method to use. This study compared the yield of a
      simple questionnaire with that of a more detailed interview. Ninety-eight
      sexually active women (out of a total of 110) admitted on an elective basis to
      general gynecology wards were studied. Forty-six patients presented with a sexual
      complaint and 33 (33%) of these requested medical attention for the problem. In
      all cases, the simple questionnaire was as effective as the detailed inquiry in
      detecting a sexual problem. It is concluded that a simple questionnaire can be
      used effectively by all physicians as a screening test for sexual dysfunction
      with regard to heterosexual coital activity. Further research is required to
      confirm this hypothesis in other conditions of medical practice.

PMID- 4038585
TI  - The Marlex sling operation for the treatment of recurrent stress urinary
      incontinence: a 16-year review.
AB  - Between 1968 and 1983, 281 patients with recurrent stress urinary incontinence
      and nine patients with primary stress urinary incontinence were treated with a
      two-team (suprapubic vaginal) Marlex urethral sling operation. Selection was
      based on the patient's history and the clinical demonstration of an anatomic
      defect in the closure mechanism of the urethra. The operative technique as
      described in 1970 remains unchanged. The bladder neck is released from the scar
      and replaced in a midretropubic position on a hammock of Marlex mesh attached to
      Cooper's ligaments. Patients with a sloughed urethra had a sling operation in
      conjunction with the reconstruction of a neourethra. The overall success rate
      based on a minimum 5-year follow-up of 208 patients was 77.4%. There was a high
      failure rate in the sloughed urethra group. Significant overall complications
      include bladder neck obstruction and chronic cystitis.

PMID- 4038586
TI  - Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion.

PMID- 4038587
TI  - Stimulation of lipolysis in rat heart myocytes by isoproterenol.
AB  - Calcium-tolerant myocytes were isolated from rat hearts. Isoproterenol produced a
      dose-dependent increase in glycerol output (lipolysis) that could be blocked by
      propranolol. The presence of glucose in the incubation medium enhanced the
      release of glycerol from myocytes but had no effect on the decline in
      triacylglycerol content. No incorporation of radioactivity from [U-14C]glucose
      into glycerol could be detected. In incubations with isoproterenol, there was a
      stoichiometric relationship between the glycerol output and the decrease in
      triacylglycerol levels. The addition of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-methyl
      3-isobutylxanthine resulted in an increase in the basal glycerol output and an
      enhancement of the isoproterenol-stimulated lipolytic rate. Forskolin and 8-(4
      chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate also produced a
      concentration-dependent stimulation of lipolysis in myocytes. Therefore,
      lipolysis in isolated myocytes must be regulated by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate-dependent mechanisms. These results demonstrate that lipolysis can
      be observed in myocardial cells and that the lipolytic response to isoproterenol
      cannot be secondary to a physiological (inotropic) response since these myocyte
      preparations are quiescent.

PMID- 4038588
TI  - Kinetic model for disposition of 6-mercaptopurine in monkey plasma and
      cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - The antipurine 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is effective in the induction and
      maintenance of remission in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. This report
      presents a compartmental model that describes the kinetics of 6-MP in the plasma
      and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the monkey. Analysis is based on simultaneously
      measured plasma and CSF 6-MP concentrations after intravenous and
      intraventricular bolus administration. Results indicate that 6-MP administered
      intraventricularly remains largely in the CSF. Disappearance of 6-MP from CSF is
      principally due to convective losses at a rate equivalent to CSF turnover.
      Diffusion of 6-MP across the ependymal surface accounts for only 7% of the 6-MP
      appearing in the plasma. Conversely the dominant route for entry of 6-MP into the
      CSF from the plasma is entrainment in choroidally formed CSF. Only 12% of 6-MP in
      the CSF after intravenous administration can be accounted for by permeation of
      cerebral capillaries and diffusion through brain parenchyma and across the
      ependymal surface into CSF. These results indicate that the choroid plexus is not
      a significant barrier for the transfer of molecules like 6-MP from plasma to CSF.

PMID- 4038589
TI  - Evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance in 46 families with multiple
      incidences of autism.
AB  - The authors ascertained 46 families with multiple incidences of autism (41 with
      two and five with three autistic probands). Classical segregation analyses
      revealed a maximum likelihood estimate of the segregation ratio of p = 0.19 +/-
      0.07. This is not significantly less than 0.25, the expected value for autosomal
      recessive inheritance. However, it is significantly less than 0.50, the expected
      value for autosomal dominant inheritance. The polygenic threshold model was
      tested and rejected over a full range of values of heritability and ascertainment
      probability for these families. These results are most consistent with the
      hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance in this subset of 46 families with
      multiple incidences of autism.

PMID- 4038590
TI  - Evaluation of a purified Schistosoma japonicum glycoprotein egg antigen for the
      immunodiagnosis of infection in man.
AB  - A purified glycoprotein, glycoprotein-2, which was isolated from Schistosoma
      japonicum soluble egg antigen, was tested in an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent
      assay for its potential as an immunodiagnostic reagent. Using empirically-derived
      criteria of endpoint titer, 39/40 sera from S. japonicum-infected individuals
      were scored correctly as positive in a blind test. Of these, 26/40 were from
      individuals who excreted fewer than 100 eggs per gram of stool. No cross
      reactions were observed with sera from uninfected individuals (0/20) or from
      individuals infected with S. mansoni (0/22), Trichinella spiralis (0/6) or Brugia
      malayi (0/4). Cross reactions were observed with 3/24 individuals infected with
      S. haematobium who excreted greater than 2,000 eggs per 10 ml urine. Glycoprotein
      2 appears to satisfy the requisite criteria of specificity and sensitivity to
      warrant further evaluation.

PMID- 4038591
TI  - Ultrastructural heterogeneity of the basophilic cells in the allergic nasal
      mucosa.
AB  - Basophilic cells in scrapings and pieces of nasal mucosa removed from the
      inferior turbinates of adult patients with house dust nasal allergy plus pieces
      of the oral mucosa from normal persons were examined electron microscopically.
      Three distinct types of basophilic cells, ie, blood basophil leukocytes
      (predominantly in the subepithelium), mucosal mast cells (predominantly in the
      epithelium), and connective tissue mast cells (predominantly in the deeper lamina
      propria) were identified in the nose.

PMID- 4038592
TI  - Nitrous oxide sedation/analgesia in emergency medicine.
AB  - Nitrous oxide:oxygen mixtures are safe and effective sedative/analgesic agents
      for use in emergency medicine. They are suitable for prehospital care because of
      their safety, rapid onset, and short duration of action. The self-administered
      form of a 50:50 mixture is the most acceptable system, but other methods of
      administration should be investigated, particularly in the ED setting. While
      there are unresolved questions concerning the use of nitrous oxide as an
      anesthetic and analgesic agent, it is difficult to extrapolate many of the
      findings to the low-dose, patient-controlled 50:50 mixture used in emergency
      medicine. Use of the gas mixture in a variety of clinical settings has been
      associated with no major adverse occurrences, and experience continues to support
      its safety. Future possibilities for study include the use of the gas mixture in
      combination with other agents or TENS. No one drug can be considered a panacea
      for all painful states. Nitrous oxide:oxygen mixtures certainly do not meet all
      the criteria for the ideal analgesic. Those clinicians who seek a safe and
      effective sedative/analgesic for mild to moderate pain will be satisfied that we
      can now offer more to our patients in the early management of their problems.

PMID- 4038593
TI  - Effect of vitamin A deficiency on mammary gland development and susceptibility to
      mastitis through intramammary infusion with Staphylococcus aureus in mice.
AB  - Weanling mice were fed 0 or 150 micrograms retinol equivalent/kg of diet for 5
      weeks, were bred, and allowed to complete gestation. On day 3 of lactation, all
      mice were separated from their litters for 1 hour and were then anesthetized. The
      4th right or left mammary gland was inoculated with 0.1 ml of S Aureus (10(10)
      colony-forming units/0.1 ml). Exactly 24 hours after inoculation, the mice were
      euthanatized and the mammary glands were removed and fixed for histologic
      evaluations. Vitamin A-deficient dams had smaller litter size and lower liver
      stores of vitamin A; however, deficiency was not severe enough to produce
      external signs of vitamin A deficiency in the dams. Morphologic studies showed
      large areas of adipose tissue, greatly reduced ductal and lobule-alveolar
      development, and decreased total secretory activity in mammary glands from
      vitamin A-deficient females. On the other hand, mammary glands from vitamin A
      supplemented mice had extensive lobule-alveolar development and highly distended
      alveoli. Extensive necrosis of alveolar tissue was observed in staphylococcus
      infused mammary glands of all mice. Large numbers of leukocytes and cell debris
      were present in the lumen of alveoli and ducts. However, mammary glands from
      vitamin A-deficient females had more extensive pathologic damage compared with
      corresponding glands from vitamin A-supplemented mice. Results indicted that
      vitamin A-deficient mice had reduced mammary development and increased pathologic
      damage to the mammary gland after intramammary challenge with staphylococcus.

PMID- 4038594
TI  - Histopathology of otitis media in infants with cleft and high-arched palates.
AB  - The middle ear and the bony and cartilaginous portions of the eustachian tube
      (ET) were studied histopathologically in 20 temporal bones from 19 infants, aged
      45 minutes to 12 months. Otitis media (OM) was observed in 17 of 20 bones, and 16
      bones with OM had an effusion. Otitis media was more severe in the ears of cleft
      palate infants compared to those with high-arched palates. Inflammation was
      present in the bony portion of the ET in 15 of 17 temporal bones with OM, but
      appeared to be less marked than that present in the middle ear. In addition,
      inflammation of the cartilaginous portion of the ET appeared to be less severe
      than in its bony portion. Inflammation of the middle ear and the ET appeared to
      be more pronounced in older infants, particularly in those with cleft palates.

PMID- 4038595
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the larynx. Case report.
AB  - Angiosarcoma of the larynx is an uncommon malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin.
      A case of angiosarcoma of the epiglottis was followed for about 6 years.
      Diagnostic and clinicopathologic findings outline the importance of a correct
      differential diagnosis from other vascular malignant tumors (malignant
      hemangiopericytoma and Kaposi's sarcoma). A critical review of the literature is
      included.

PMID- 4038596
TI  - cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum-mediated crosslinking of nuclear proteins to DNA is
      cell cycle specific.
AB  - Immunochemical analysis was employed to investigate the cell cycle-dependent
      protein-DNA crosslinking by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cis-DDP), in HeLa-S3
      cells. Cells synchronized by double thymidine block or hydroxyurea were released
      into S phase and incubated at 2-h intervals with cis-DDP as they progressed
      through S1, G2, M, and then into G1 and S phases of the subsequent cycle.
      Immunoblots of the DNA-crosslinked antigens reacted with antisera to 0.35 M NaCl
      extract or residue of HeLa S-phase nuclei revealed that several antigens changed
      their DNA-crosslinking pattern during the progression of HeLa cells through their
      reproductive cycle.

PMID- 4038597
TI  - [Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for non-resectable pancreatic cancer using
      angiotensin-II and prostaglandin-E1].
AB  - We have developed a new method of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for non
      resectable pancreatic cancer, in order to facilitate the selective delivery of a
      large amount of anticancer agent to the cancer lesion. This method was carried
      out as follows: (1) retrograde cannulation was performed by inserting a catheter
      into the splenic artery after splenectomy, and many of its branches were
      dissected out around the body and tail of the pancreas: (2) anticancer drugs
      (Adriamycin and Methotrexate) were infused together with Angiotensin-II to
      decrease the blood flow to non-malignant tissue and to increase the flow to
      cancer tissue. (3) Twenty-four to 48 hours after Methotrexate was infused, rescue
      was performed with an infusion of Prostaglandin-E1 to reduce the degree of
      cytotoxic damage to normal tissue. By using these methods, it was ascertained
      that a large quantity of the drugs had accumulated in the cancer tissue, even
      though its original blood flow had been established as very poor by radioisotope
      and angiographical examination. This therapy was useful not only for anticancer
      effects on the primary lesion but also the prevention of liver metastasis.
      Moreover, Methotrexate and rescue therapy were shown to have no remarkable side
      effects.

PMID- 4038598
TI  - Non-immunologic hydrops fetalis.

PMID- 4038599
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis. Traveler's diarrhea in two families.
AB  - Intestinal cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in three infants (aged 6 to 21
      months), one child (aged 3 years), and two adult members of two families after
      their return from travel to the African continent. Examination of stools from all
      patients revealed acid-fast cryptosporidial oocysts on direct fecal smears
      stained by the modified cold Kinyoun technique. Five of the six were symptomatic
      with watery diarrhea, anorexia, and abdominal pain. Elevated anticryptosporidial
      titers were detected in five patients, two of whom were asymptomatic.
      Cryptosporidiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of traveler's
      diarrhea.

PMID- 4038600
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). II. Effect
      of chain-length modifications on vascular reactivity.
AB  - The effect of the length of ANF peptides on the inhibition of the norepinephrine
      induced contraction was studied. Starting from the 26 residues ANF (Arg101
      Tyr126), shorter N- and/or C-terminal fragments were produced, either by N
      terminal chemical cleavage or C-terminal enzymatic digestion of ANF or both
      respectively. The N-terminal removal of Arg101 did not modify the inhibitory
      response. Further N-terminal truncation up to des-Arg101-Arg102-Ser103-Ser104 ANF
      still produced a marked inhibitory effect on norepinephrine. In contrast C
      terminal cleavage had a much more pronounced effect. Since des-Tyr126 ANF, des
      Arg125-Tyr126 ANF and des-Phe124-Arg125-Tyr126 ANF exhibit much lower activities
      than the parent ANF. Finally, when the 5 residues C-terminal to Cys121 are
      removed, the resulting molecule is almost inactive. These data indicate that the
      C-terminal segment of ANF may modulate the binding of ANF to its receptor(s).
      Relatively, the N-terminal region seems to be much less important.

PMID- 4038601
TI  - Platelet cytoskeleton--membrane interactions.
AB  - The order of attachment of the purified platelet cytoskeletal proteins, F-actin,
      alpha-actinin and Actin Binding Protein (ABP) to the isolated platelet membrane
      has been investigated. Of the three proteins, only F-actin would directly
      interact with a membrane preparation that had been extensively washed to remove
      associated cytoskeletal proteins. alpha-Actinin would only add to the membrane to
      which F-actin had been re-attached and ABP only if both F-actin and alpha-actinin
      were present on the membrane. These studies provide some insight into the nature
      of the attachment of the platelet cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic side of the
      membrane.

PMID- 4038603
TI  - [Posthemorrhagic hydranencephaly in the fetal period with deficiency of factor
      XIII (fibrin stabilizing factor)].

PMID- 4038602
TI  - Attenuation of chick heart adenylate cyclase by muscarinic receptors after
      pertussis toxin treatment.
AB  - Pertussis toxin selectively modifies the function of Ni, the inhibitory guanine
      nucleotide binding protein of the adenylate cyclase complex. In chick heart
      membranes, guanine nucleotide activation of Ni resulted in a decrease in the
      apparent affinity of the muscarinic receptor for the agonist oxotremorine,
      inhibition of basal adenylate cyclase activity, and the attenuation of adenylate
      cyclase by oxotremorine. Treatment of chicks with pertussis toxin caused the
      covalent modification of 80-85% of cardiac Ni. After this treatment Gpp(NH)p had
      no effect on muscarinic receptor affinity and GTP stimulated basal adenylate
      cyclase activity. In contrast, the GTP-dependent attenuation of adenylate cyclase
      caused by muscarinic receptors was unaffected.

PMID- 4038604
TI  - Comparison of ventricular emptying with and without a pressure gradient in
      patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Thirty three patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied to determine
      whether the presence of an intraventricular pressure gradient impaired left
      ventricular emptying. Patients with resting gradients had a higher mean left
      ventricular ejection fraction (92 (6.4)%) than patients without a resting or
      inducible pressure gradient (75.5 (9)%). The rate and degree of emptying
      increased when gradients greater than 85 mm Hg were induced in two patients with
      insignificant mitral regurgitation. If the induced gradients had been the result
      of obstruction a decrease in the rate or degree of ventricular emptying would be
      expected. Higher ejection fractions in patients with intracavitary pressure
      gradients as well as enhanced rate and degree of left ventricular emptying with
      induced gradients are inconsistent with outflow obstruction. These findings
      support the concept that cavity obliteration is responsible for the pressure
      gradient in these patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4038605
TI  - Vitamin A and non-epithelial tumours.

PMID- 4038606
TI  - Anticardiolipin antibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Using a recently devised solid phase radioimmunoassay to detect anticardiolipin
      antibodies, we report the presence of these antibodies in 30 of 96 patients with
      chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP). IgG anticardiolipin antibody
      levels were elevated in 14 patients and IgM anticardiolipin antibody levels were
      elevated in 27 patients. We suggest that these antibodies may mediate peripheral
      platelet destruction by binding to phospholipids in the platelet membrane. It is
      also conceivable that the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies may select a
      subpopulation of patients with chronic AITP who may go on to develop other
      autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 4038607
TI  - Excessive testosterone secretion in pregnancy. Case report.

PMID- 4038608
TI  - Role of mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase in the regulation of chick
      intestinal cholesterogenesis.
AB  - The response to different dietary conditions of the enzymes responsible for the
      transformation of mevalonic acid to isopentenyl pyrophosphate has been studied
      for the first time in the small bowel of the chick to elucidate the role of these
      enzymes in the regulation of intestinal cholesterogenesis. Feeding a 2%
      cholesterol diet from hatching resulted in a small but significant inhibition of
      mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase, while mevalonate kinase and mevalonate
      5-phosphate kinase remained unaltered. Similar results were obtained for the
      three enzymes when 13-day-old chicks fed a standard fat-free diet were switched
      to a 5% cholesterol diet. Starved chicks exhibited lower intestinal decarboxylase
      activity than chicks fed a standard diet, while refeeding resulted in levels of
      activity similar or slightly greater than controls. None of the enzymes effecting
      the conversion of mevalonate to isopentenyl pyrophosphate in the small intestine
      presented diurnal variations. Results obtained suggest that mevalonate-5
      pyrophosphate decarboxylase may play a significant role in the regulation of
      cholesterol synthesis in the small intestine.

PMID- 4038609
TI  - Inhibition of pregnancy with indomethacin in mature gilts and prepuberal gilts
      induced to ovulate.
AB  - Twenty prepuberal (P) gilts, 56.5 +/- 1.1 kg body weight, were induced to ovulate
      with 1000 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin followed 72 h later by 500 IU
      of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and bred by artificial insemination (AI)
      with 50 ml fresh pooled boar semen the day after hCG treatment (Day 0). Eighteen
      mature (M) gilts, 120.6 +/- 1.7 kg body weight, were bred by AI each day of
      estrus using pooled semen from the same boars (onset of estrus = Day 0). One-half
      of each group was fed the prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibitor indomethacin
      (IND), at 10 mg/kg body weight, or control (C) feed twice daily on Days 10 to 25.
      Blood samples taken by venipuncture on Days 10, 15, 20 and 25 were quantitated
      for progesterone (P4) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) by
      radioimmunoassay. Ovaries were examined on Day 26. All M-C gilts were pregnant,
      whereas 3 of 9 M-IND gilts (P less than 0.05) and none of the P gilts (P less
      than 0.01) were pregnant. Three of the 6 nonpregnant M-IND gilts displayed estrus
      on Day 21. The 3 remaining M-IND gilts had maintained corpora lutea (CL) on Day
      26. Only corpora albicantia were present in P gilts on Day 26. Serum P4
      concentrations for M-C gilts, nonpregnant M-IND gilts with maintained CL, and
      pregnant M-IND gilts were not different. Serum P4 for all nonpregnant gilts in
      which CL had regressed by Day 25 decreased to less than 5 ng/ml on Day
      20.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038610
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies on the localization of cellular retinol-binding
      protein in rat testis and epididymis.
AB  - The immunohistochemical localization of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP)
      was studied in rat testis and epididymis. Parallel studies were also carried out
      on the localization of plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin
      (TTR) in testis. The studies employed antibodies purified by immunosorbent
      affinity chromatography, permitting the specific staining and localization of
      each antigen by the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. For RBP and TTR,
      specific immune staining was found in the interstitial spaces between the
      seminiferous tubules, and not in the tubules themselves. In contrast, strong
      specific immune staining for CRBP was found in the seminiferous tubules, with a
      striking localization within Sertoli cells. Moreover, a distinct cyclic variation
      of specific staining for CRBP within Sertoli cells was observed during the
      spermatogenic cycle. This cyclic variation was seen with regard to both the
      intensity of staining and to the anatomic distribution of CRBP within the Sertoli
      cells. Within the epididymis CRBP was selectively localized to the proximal
      portion of the caput epididymidis, with variations in intensity of the staining
      of the epithelium of the ducts in different histological zones. Specific immune
      staining for CRBP was very weak or absent in the other portions of the
      epididymis. These results were confirmed by radioimmunoassay. Vitamin A-deficient
      rats showed markedly reduced specific immune staining for CRBP in both testes and
      epididymides, and greatly reduced levels of CRBP in these tissues on
      radioimmunoassay. These studies on the localization of CRBP provide information
      concerning the specific cells and anatomic loci within the testis and epididymis
      where retinol may be playing an important role in sperm formation and maturation.

PMID- 4038611
TI  - [Enhancement of the immune response to surface antigens of the influenza B virus
      as a result of their covalent binding with a synthetic polymer carrier].
AB  - The primary immune response (the number of antibody-forming cells, AFC) and the
      delayed type hypersensitivity (DTHS) were studied in mice immunized either with
      isolated glycoproteins of influenza virus (hemagglutinin, HA and HA plus
      neuraminidase, HA plus NA) or with their conjugates with an acrylic acid
      copolymer (CP) and N-vinylpyrrolidone of equimolar composition. Immunization of
      mice with conjugates containing virus proteins (virogates-HA-CP or HA plus NA-CP-
      entailed a 50-100 increment of the number of IgM- and IgG-AFC, anti-HA as
      compared with analogous parameters during immunization of animals with isolated
      virus proteins. Immunization of mice with the virogate HA-CP gives rise to the
      development of a more pronounced DTHS to HA. The authors discuss the possibility
      of the use of this basically new approach to the design of highly immunogenous
      vaccine preparations, effective in the control of influenza and other virus
      diseases.

PMID- 4038612
TI  - [Modifying action of neonatal androgenization on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced
      carcinogenesis in male CBA-strain mice].
AB  - Newborn male CBA mice received a single treatment with 0.5 mg testosterone
      propionate. Weekly subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) were
      given to 2-month-old mice. The incidence of pararenal angiosarcomas and colonic
      tumors in neonatally androgenized mice reached 78.5 and 71.0%, respectively by
      the 35th week after the DMH treatment was commenced. In DMH-treated control mice,
      the incidence of the above tumors amounted to 25 and 32%, respectively.

PMID- 4038613
TI  - Catabolism of human tissue plasminogen activator in mice.
AB  - The catabolism of human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was studied in mice.
      The clearance of t-PA labeled with iodine 125 was rapid (t1/2). The clearance of
      phenylmethylsulfonyl-125I-t-PA, which is active site-inhibited, was identical to
      the active enzyme. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE) demonstrated that the vast majority of 125I-t-PA injected into the
      circulation was present as free enzyme and not in a complex with inhibitors. The
      clearance of 125I-t-PA was unaltered by large molar excesses of several ligands
      of known clearance specificities, including macroalbumin, asialoorosomucoid, and
      diisopropylphosphorylthrombin and was also not altered in the presence of a 1,000
      fold molar excess of unlabeled t-PA. Organ distribution studies demonstrated that
      the early rapid clearance of 125I-t-PA occurred in hepatocytes, followed by a
      later renal phase of clearance. The clearance of 125I-urokinase (UK) also was
      studied and was very similar in all aspects to the clearance of 125I-t-PA. These
      results suggest that both t-PA and UK are cleared from the circulation by unique
      nonsaturable processes localized in the liver that are independent of the
      proteinase active site.

PMID- 4038614
TI  - Platelet kinetics in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and
      moderate thrombocytopenia.
AB  - We studied ten normal subjects and 20 patients with stable, untreated idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and platelet counts in the range of 35,000 to
      110,000/microL. The diagnosis was made by clinical criteria. Platelet-associated
      IgG was increased in all nine of the nine patients studied. Autologous platelets
      were labeled with chromium 51 and reinfused for measurement of mean cell life and
      platelet production rate. Mean cell life was calculated by two methods, weighted
      mean and multiple hit, with excellent agreement between the two. As expected,
      mean cell life was significantly reduced in ITP patients as compared to the
      normal subjects (2.9 days v. 8.0 days, P less than .001). However, mean platelet
      production rates in ITP patients and normal subjects, 3.5 and 3.8 X 10(9)
      platelets/k/d respectively, were not significantly different. Platelet production
      rate was above and below the normal range (2 to 5.6 X 10(9) platelets/k/d) in two
      and four patients, respectively. We conclude that the rate of platelet production
      is not increased in most patients with ITP who have platelet counts greater than
      35,000/microL. We did find that platelet size was increased in eight of the 12
      patients in whom it was measured, including two of the patients with low platelet
      production.

PMID- 4038615
TI  - Regulation of erythropoiesis in long-term hamster marrow cultures: role of bone
      marrow-adherent cells.
AB  - The initial establishment of hamster long-term bone marrow (LTBM) cultures
      requires formation of an adherent stromal layer, but continued long-term
      proliferation of these cultures is best accomplished by removal of the suspension
      cells from the adherent layer and subsequent incubation in liquid suspension
      culture. Continued maintenance of bone marrow cells in the presence of the
      adherent layer for more than four to six weeks leads to a decline and eventual
      disappearance of erythroid and multipotent colony-forming cells. Addition of
      erythropoietin to LTBM suspension cultures produces mature, hemoglobinized
      erythrocytes. Incubation of the same cells plus erythropoietin in the presence of
      autologous parental adherent layers markedly inhibits both terminal erythroid
      differentiation and the number of detectable erythroid burst-forming units (BFU
      Es). This erythroid inhibition occurs primarily within the first 24 hours with
      little or no effect on CFU-GEMMs or granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units
      (GM-CFUs). However, continued incubation for seven days produces a reduction in
      all parameters. Removal of suspension cells from the adherent layer and
      restimulation with erythropoietin allows regeneration of erythropoiesis.
      Pretreatment of suspension cells with erythropoietin for 96 hours before exposure
      to the adherent culture only slightly inhibits erythropoiesis, suggesting that
      more mature erythroid progenitors are unaffected. Conditioned medium from the
      marrow adherent layer (ALCM) produces similar erythroid inhibitory effects in
      LTBM cultures with as little as two hours of incubation. The inhibition is
      actively produced by the adherent cells, since cycloheximide abolishes its
      production, while indomethacin has no apparent effect. Adherent marrow stromal
      cells may regulate hemopoiesis through negative as well as positive humoral
      signals, and they are particularly effective in erythroid regulation.

PMID- 4038616
TI  - Effects of the menstrual cycle on medical disorders.

PMID- 4038617
TI  - Female chronic urinary retention.
AB  - Thirty-seven cases of female chronic retention are reviewed. Only 13 patients had
      neurological disease. The problems encountered in diagnosis and management are
      presented.

PMID- 4038618
TI  - Abnormal electromyographic activity (decelerating burst and complex repetitive
      discharges) in the striated muscle of the urethral sphincter in 5 women with
      persisting urinary retention.
AB  - In five women with urinary retention, recordings from the striated muscle of the
      urethral sphincter revealed highly abnormal electromyographic (EMG) activity.
      Using a concentric needle electrode, recordings revealed very striking bursts of
      activity, referred to here as decelerating burst (DB) and complex repetitive
      discharges (CRD). Such EMG activity is exceedingly unusual in skeletal striated
      muscle and resembles most closely the rarely encountered condition of
      "pseudomyotonia". We suggest that this abnormal activity is associated with a
      failure of relaxation of the striated muscle of the urethral sphincter, which
      results in chronic retention.

PMID- 4038619
TI  - Potential use of ultrasound in place of X-ray fluoroscopy in urodynamics.
AB  - A moving picture can be obtained using an ultrasonic scanning probe in the rectum
      to provide information about the bladder and urethra in the same projection as
      for lateral cystography. The method has potential as a substitute for
      cinecystography but there are a number of problems still to be overcome.

PMID- 4038620
TI  - Site of interaction of serotonin and desglycinamide-arginine-vasopressin in
      maintenance of ethanol tolerance.
AB  - Rats trained to walk in a moving belt apparatus were subjected to a partial
      (fornix-fimbria (FF] or total (fornix-fimbria + cingulum bundles (FF + CB]
      chemical denervation of the dorsal serotonergic afferent pathways to the
      hippocampus. After chronic alcohol treatment that resulted in tolerance
      development to the motor-impairing effects of ethanol, desglycinamide-arginine8
      vasopressin (DGAVP) or saline treatment was started and the residual tolerance
      measured at several intervals after ethanol withdrawal. DGAVP administration
      resulted in a virtually complete retention of ethanol tolerance when given to
      sham-operated controls or FF-lesioned rats. The peptide treatment failed,
      however, to prolong tolerance in rats bearing a complete FF + CB lesion, that
      reduced serotonin (5-HT) levels in the hippocampus and overlying parietal cortex
      to 10 and 45% of controls respectively. These results suggest that the
      serotonergic innervation of these areas is necessary for the action of DGAVP in
      the maintenance of ethanol tolerance.

PMID- 4038621
TI  - Chronic phenytoin and the stereotyped motor response induced by 5-methoxy-N,N
      dimethyltryptamine in rats.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with phenytoin (PHT) once a day for 20
      consecutive days and then tested as to their response to 5-methoxy-N,N
      dimethyltryptamine (5-MDMT), a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonist, at 1 and 3
      mg/kg on days 21 and 28. It was found that long-term PHT administration decreased
      the intensity of a stereotyped motor response induced by 5-MDMT (3 mg/kg) on day
      21 but not on day 28. A single injection of PHT (25 mg/kg) did not modify the
      motor response induced by 5-MDMT (3 mg/kg) on day 21 but not on day 28. A single
      injection of PHT (25 mg/kg) did not modify the motor response induced by 5-MDMT
      (1.7, 3.2 mg/kg). It is suggested that PHT increases the functional availability
      of 5-HT before its receptors, and thereby causes 5-HT receptor subsensitivity.

PMID- 4038622
TI  - Acute morphine treatment and morphine tolerance/dependence alter immunoreactive
      oxytocin levels in the mouse hippocampus.
AB  - Immunoreactive oxytocin levels were measured in the mouse hippocampal tissue (h
      OXT). Acute morphine treatment increased h-OXT, which effect was reversed by
      naloxone. In mice rendered tolerant to and dependent on morphine h-OXT was lower
      than in placebo pellet-implanted control mice. In the tolerant/dependent animals
      naloxone resulted in precipitated withdrawal syndrome which was associated with a
      slight increase in h-OXT. The data indicate that h-OXT is affected by acute
      morphine treatment and by morphine tolerance/dependence and raises the
      possibility that h-OXT participates in the adaptive response of the organism
      towards narcotic drugs.

PMID- 4038623
TI  - [Splenectomy for idiopathic thrombopenic purpura. A retrospective study of 40
      cases].
AB  - The authors analysed retrospectively the files of 40 patients who underwent
      splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and who were totally or
      partially (relapse) resistant to a therapeutic trial of corticosteroids. There
      was no operative mortality but morbidity, especially respiratory, was
      substantial, being 40%. Drainage of the splenic bed should be avoided because
      this is clearly associated with a greater frequency of pulmonary complications.
      In 37 patients with a mean follow-up of 30.3 months, there was complete remission
      in 89.2% after splenectomy. This confirms the therapeutic value of splenectomy in
      idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, especially in those who showed a partial
      (transitory) response to corticosteroids.

PMID- 4038624
TI  - Anxiety, fears and depression related to hysterectomy.
AB  - One-hundred and two women undergoing a hysterectomy for reasons other than cancer
      were interviewed pre-operatively. Fifty-three of them filled out the Spielberger
      State and Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI). Women who had high anxiety scores were more
      likely to be depressed, both before and after the operation. Depression occurred
      also more often in women who had emergency hysterectomies and in women who had
      expressed, pre-operatively, some fears of possible change in their sexual life
      after the operation.

PMID- 4038625
TI  - Flow cytometric studies on modulation of cellular adriamycin retention by
      phenothiazines.
AB  - Phenothiazines (chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine) enhance the cellular
      retention and cytotoxicity of adriamycin in P388/S and P388/R cells. Effects on
      the resistant cells are more pronounced than those on the sensitive cells.
      Multiparametric flow-cytometric determination of cellular Adriamycin fluorescence
      shows that the phenothiazine effects are not uniform in a cell population, and
      cells in later part of the cell cycle traverse (S and G2/M), mitogen-stimulated
      lymphocytes (as compared to nonstimulated lymphocytes), and ascites (as compared
      to splenocytes) have greater sensitivity to phenothiazine effects on Adriamycin
      retention.

PMID- 4038626
TI  - Intracavitary cisplatin chemotherapy for mesothelioma.
AB  - A feasibility study of intracavitary cisplatin was conducted in eight patients
      with mesothelioma. Cisplatin, 90 mg/m2, was instilled weekly for 3 weeks,
      followed by a 3-week rest; thiosulfate was given iv to reduce nephrotoxicity. In
      50 courses there was no chemical serositis; the major toxic effect was
      myelosuppression. One patient with measurable disease had a complete response;
      three others had objective responses.

PMID- 4038627
TI  - On the role of microfilaments in cell-shape-mediated growth control of lens
      epithelial cells.
AB  - With regard to the fact that, in anchorage-dependent lens epithelial cells, DNA
      synthesis can be switched on and off by cell flattening and cell rounding,
      respectively, the state of the microfilaments has been followed by labelling
      actin with FL-phalloidin during cell-shape alterations. Cell flattening proved to
      be accompanied by both a structural organization of actin filaments into stress
      fibres and an enlargement of the area of the cell nucleus. Cell rounding, on the
      other hand, caused the microfilament bundles to disappear and the area of the
      nucleus to become smaller. From the time course of the inhibition of DNA
      synthesis by cytochalasin B, it was inferred that functionally intact
      microfilaments are required for the entrance of the cells into DNA synthesis but
      not for the maintenance of ongoing DNA synthesis. The assumption has been made
      that the tension, generated by microfilaments during cell spreading, will affect
      the state of the plasma membrane as well as the shape and the structure of the
      nucleus, which in turn seems to be preparatory for cells to enter the cycle.

PMID- 4038628
TI  - Testicular morphology and cell proliferation kinetics of immature germ cells and
      Sertoli cells in suckling undernourished rats.
AB  - Undernutrition during suckling was induced in newborn rats by increasing the
      litter size to sixteen pups to be fed by one mother. Animals reared in litters of
      eight served as controls. Undernourished animals showed retarded body and
      testicular growth during a suckling period of 22 days. Sequential morphogenesis
      of the testis was not altered up to 15 days of age. However, certain
      morphological alterations in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells were observed from 15
      days onwards. Cell generation cycle of spermatogonial germ cells and supporting
      cells (future Sertoli cells) on day 9 showed marked prolongation of DNA synthetic
      phase (S), unaltered post-DNA synthetic phase (G2) and total cycle (Tc) and
      shortening of the pre-DNA synthetic phase (G1) indicating a depression in DNA
      synthesis in undernutrition.

PMID- 4038629
TI  - The hierarchy of requirements for an elevated intracellular pH during early
      development of sea urchin embryos.
AB  - The intracellular pH (pHi) rises 0.3-0.5 units after fertilization of sea urchin
      eggs, and this and previous work show this pHi change is necessary for initiating
      the developmental processes leading to cell division. The experiments described
      here reveal that while the elevated pHi is permanently required for a normal
      early development, lowering pHi of embryos after fertilization affects different
      processes to different extents. Protein synthesis gradually becomes less
      sensitive to pHi. Karyokinesis proceeds to completion under a low pHi, but is
      retarded, while cytokinesis is always impaired. These results indicate a
      hierarchy of requirements for high pHi during early development of sea urchin
      embryos, with protein synthesis, karyokinesis, and cytokinesis showing,
      respectively, increasing requirements for an elevated pHi.

PMID- 4038630
TI  - [The detrusor coefficient and the transmission factor in the diagnosis of
      incontinence].

PMID- 4038631
TI  - [Physiology and pathophysiology of urination].

PMID- 4038632
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4038633
TI  - Specific anti-erythrocyte focus formation as a measure of autoantibody secreting
      cells in NZB mice.
AB  - Using a modification of the antibody forming cell (AFC) focus assay, it is
      possible to quantitate the spontaneous anti-erythrocyte autoantibody response of
      New Zealand Black (NZB) mice at the level of the autoantibody secreting cell.
      This complement independent assay is specific for an antigen(s) present on
      unmodified mouse erythrocytes. A comparison with the direct Coombs' test showed
      that the focus assay detected autoantibody responses earlier and demonstrated a
      wide range of AFC levels in responding mice. The focus assay provides a method
      for evaluating autoimmunity at the cellular level and for investigating the
      activities of cells responding to autoantigens.

PMID- 4038634
TI  - In vivo turnover studies of C-reactive protein.
AB  - The in vivo plasma clearance rate of the acute phase reactant C-reactive protein
      (CRP) was studied in mice and rats. The clearance rate of 125I-human CRP in mice
      and 125I-rat CRP in rats showed a T1/2 of approximately 4 h. The T1/2 was
      independent of circulating levels of CRP and was not affected by the presence of
      C-polysaccharide (CPS), a ligand to which CRP binds. However, in mice receiving
      sufficient CPS, more radioactivity localized to the spleen compared to mice
      receiving 125I-CRP only. 125I-CPS was rapidly cleared at the same rate by normal
      mice and by mice undergoing an acute phase response while rats cleared 125I-CPS
      more slowly despite having high circulating CRP concentrations. These findings
      suggest that CRP does not provide a mechanism for extremely rapid clearance of
      its ligands from the circulation, although the handling and subsequent fate of
      these ligands may be affected.

PMID- 4038635
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - The elimination kinetics of aztreonam (SQ 26,776), a new, completely synthetic,
      monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, were studied after the administration of a
      single 1g intravenous dose. Five healthy volunteers and 20 patients with various
      degrees of renal insufficiency were enrolled in this study. Concentrations of
      aztreonam in serum and urine were determined by both microbiological and high
      pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays. The pharmacokinetic parameters for
      aztreonam were calculated on the basis of a 2-compartment open model. Serum
      concentrations of aztreonam at 10 minutes after administration were approximately
      100 micrograms/ml in all subjects, regardless of renal function (HPLC assay). The
      mean serum half-life during the alpha-phase showed no important variation with
      renal function. The mean serum half-life during the beta-phase was 1.8 hours in
      normal subjects and 8.4 hours in haemodialysis patients (HPLC assay). There was a
      linear correlation between the serum clearance of aztreonam and creatinine
      clearance. The mean cumulative urinary recovery of aztreonam in 48 hours was 60
      to 70% of the administered dose in normal subjects but this was reduced in the
      presence of renal insufficiency. SQ 26,992, the microbiologically inactive
      metabolite of aztreonam resulting from hydrolytic opening of the beta-lactam
      ring, was undetectable in the serum of normal subjects but was found in low
      levels in uraemic patients. Half of a 1g intravenous dose of aztreonam was
      eliminated during 4 hours of haemodialysis. Guidelines for administration of
      aztreonam in the presence of renal failure are given.

PMID- 4038636
TI  - Skin capillary blood cell velocity in patients with arterial obliterative disease
      and polycythaemia: a disturbed reactive hyperaemia response.
AB  - Nailfold skin capillary blood cell velocity (CBV) was studied at rest and during
      post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia after a 1 min arterial occlusion (PRH1) in:
      (i) both hands of patients with arterial obliterative disease (AOD) of one arm,
      (ii) patients with polycythaemia, before and after a moderate haemodilution and
      (iii) healthy controls. CBV was analysed by videophotometric cross-correlation
      utilizing the different optical densities produced by the passage of
      erythrocytes, leucocytes and plasma gaps through the monitored capillary. Resting
      CBV in the patients with unilateral AOD was similar in equivalent fingers of both
      hands. However, the time to peak (p)CBV during PRH was significantly prolonged in
      the low-pressure arm as compared to the contralateral arm. pCBV was also delayed
      in the patients with polycythaemia as compared to the healthy controls. This
      delay was not affected by the replacement of 500-750 ml of blood with the same
      amount of a 6% Dextran 70 solution. The mean capillary blood cell velocity during
      rest (rCBV) did not differ between controls and patients before or after the
      haemodilution. The prolonged time to pCBV in the polycythaemic patients may be
      attributed to increased blood viscosity that is presumably not significantly
      influenced by a moderate haemodilution using Dextran 70. The marked delay to pCBV
      observed distal to the arterial obstruction in patients with AOD probably is an
      effect of the lower arterial pressure, presumably involving an alteration of
      vascular smooth muscle function.

PMID- 4038637
TI  - Plasma 3-methylbutanal in man and its relationship to hepatic encephalopathy.
AB  - 3-Methylbutanal is a volatile aldehyde which in the rat is derived, at least in
      part, from colonic bacterial breakdown of leucine. It has been proposed as a
      toxin of importance in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in man. A
      rapid, reliable and highly reproducible method for estimating 3-methylbutanal in
      plasma is described using a gas-chromatograph with a head space-sampler. The mean
      plasma 3-methylbutanal concentration in non-fasting patients with hepatic
      encephalopathy, 0.244 mumol/litre (range 0-1.30) was not significantly different
      from the mean value in controls, 0.116 mumol/litre (0-0.349). Oral leucine
      feeding resulted in significant increases in plasma 3-methylbutanal
      concentrations in both control subjects and patients with cirrhosis. Peak leucine
      and 3-methylbutanal values occurred at approximately the same time and usually
      within 120 min of leucine ingestion. Pre-treatment with neomycin had no effect on
      the results of leucine feeding. No changes occurred in the clinical condition or
      psychometric performance of patients with cirrhosis fed leucine despite increases
      in plasma 3-methylbutanal of up to 700% over basal values. In man plasma 3
      methylbutanal, at least in part, derives from ingested leucine independently of
      the action of colonic bacteria. The role of this compound in the pathogenesis of
      hepatic encephalopathy in man needs further exploration.

PMID- 4038638
TI  - The effectiveness of local injections of vasodilating agents to produce
      vasodilation in subcutaneous tissue in rabbits.
AB  - The isotope washout method has been widely used to study characteristics of the
      microcirculation in localized vascular beds. Some of these studies have used
      local injections of vasodilating agents to maximally dilate the vascular bed.
      This study was undertaken to determine the agent most effective in producing this
      critical vasodilation. A rabbit model was constructed that allowed the study of
      the subcutaneous blood flow by either 133Xe and 131I-antipyrine washout. Dose
      response curves were constructed for five agents. The agents used and the doses
      that produced the maximum washout rate, were histamine (100 micrograms),
      verapamil (0.5 mg), prostaglandin E1 (6 micrograms), papaverine (5 mg) and
      nitroprusside (60 micrograms). The five agents at these doses were compared with
      each other, and nitroprusside produced a greater washout rate than papaverine (P
      less than 0.005), histamine (P less than 0.001) and verapamil (P less than
      0.005). There was no difference between nitroprusside and prostaglandin E1 (P
      greater than 0.01). The effect of three of the agents in producing tissue oedema
      was examined by comparing the washout rates values obtained with the two
      isotopes. Both nitroprusside and papaverine produced large oedema whereas
      histamine resulted in little oedema formation. Nitroprusside, therefore, appears
      to be the most suitable vasodilating agent for use in studies which require
      maximum vasodilation of localized vascular beds.

PMID- 4038639
TI  - Quantification of heart valve regurgitation: a critical analysis from a
      theoretical and experimental point of view.
AB  - A theoretical analysis is presented regarding factors of importance for the
      determination of distance of intrusion of the regurgitant jet in heart valve
      regurgitation. The analysis is based on hydrodynamic theory. In the idealized
      model situation, for a circular hole, the intrusion of the regurgitant jet is
      linearly related to the product of the fluid mean velocity in the orifice and the
      diameter of the orifice. This was also shown to be true in an experimental fluid
      model. Thus, volume regurgitation cannot be quantified by the measurement of
      distance of intrusion of the regurgitant jet alone. On the other hand, an
      estimate of volume regurgitation can, in the idealized situation, be obtained if
      mean fluid velocity in the orifice, distance of intrusion of the jet and
      regurgitation time are known.

PMID- 4038640
TI  - Antitumour activity of some platinum compounds.
AB  - A group of cis-ethylenediammine platinum (II) complexes were synthesized and
      their activity against Sarcoma-180 ascites tumour cells in mouse was tested. One
      of the compounds, Pt(HOCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2)Cl2, showed significant antitumour
      activity having little toxicity to the host. Like the parent compound, cis-DDP,
      it binds to DNA, but transcription is not the primary process inhibited by these
      compounds. The drug-DNA complex, though less toxic, was not more effective than
      the free drug.

PMID- 4038641
TI  - Treatment of the rabbit V-2 carcinoma with intralesional cisplatin.
AB  - New Zealand white rabbits were used in the evaluation of intralesional injections
      of cisplatin for the management of experimentally induced V-2 carcinomas. The
      tumors were implanted into the right hip by intramuscular injections of an
      inoculum containing freshly harvested V-2 fragments which gave rise to a single,
      spherical mass (2-3 cm) 2 weeks after inoculation. All rabbits received two
      courses of either intralesional cisplatin or saline beginning 2 weeks after
      inoculation. Cisplatin injections significantly slowed the growth and spread of
      the primary tumor in all treated rabbits. In addition, intralesional chemotherapy
      prevented the development of lung metastases in 71% of the animals and produced
      approximately a threefold increase in survival time. Results indicate that not
      only is cisplatin active against experimentally induced V-2 carcinomas in
      rabbits, but direct intralesional injection is also an easy and effective means
      of administering chemotherapy.

PMID- 4038642
TI  - Visual function after pan-retinal photocoagulation: a survey.
AB  - Thirty-five diabetic patients who had undergone pan-retinal photocoagulation were
      surveyed to determine the frequency and severity of visual difficulties they
      experience. Among the most frequent problems were difficulty adjusting to dim
      lighting, difficulty adjusting to bright lighting, and trouble in sorting dark
      colors. Judging distances, negotiating stairways, and avoiding obstacles were
      identified as having become more difficult since the laser treatment. According
      to a correlation analysis, the difficulties encountered in some important tasks,
      such as driving in the daytime, were highly related to visual acuity. However,
      many of the problems reported most frequently, and many of the problems whose
      frequency had increased the most since the laser therapy, were not related to
      acuity. Despite their many visual complaints, the patients expressed very
      positive attitudes toward the photocoagulation treatment.

PMID- 4038644
TI  - Hospital intravenous drug administration in the era of prospective payment.
AB  - Cost effectiveness in all aspects of hospital care is necessary for survival in
      the 1980s. Under the new prospective payment system, the emphasis will switch
      from selling at a profit to increasing profits by spending less. Pharmacists need
      to reexamine available alternatives and new horizons in each area of distributive
      services, especially in the way we dispense and administer intermittent
      intravenous drugs. Manufacturer's piggyback containers are readily available for
      about 60 percent of required doses, and significant cost savings could result in
      a relatively short period of time. Newer systems that use syringes should also be
      explored and an in-hospital evaluation program set up to decide which is the most
      cost-effective, acceptable system.

PMID- 4038643
TI  - The antiemetic activity of droperidol administered by intramuscular injection
      during cisplatin chemotherapy: a pilot study.
AB  - The antiemetic activity of escalating doses of droperidol was evaluated in ten
      patients undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin regimens. Major antiemetic
      activity was achieved in five patients, two patients had less nausea and vomiting
      as compared with prior prochlorperazine therapy, and three patients were
      refractory to droperidol. No dose-response relationship was observed. Sedation
      occurred in nine patients, and two patients experienced dystonic reactions.
      Droperidol is a relatively safe and effective antiemetic for patients undergoing
      chemotherapy with cisplatin.

PMID- 4038645
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a physiological mediator of prolactin release in
      the rat.
AB  - To determine whether VIP functions as a physiological PRL-releasing factor, the
      effects of immunoneutralization of endogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
      on the PRL secretory response to suckling and ether stress were assessed. Using a
      porcine VIP-thyroglobulin conjugate as antigen, a peptide-specific antiserum was
      generated in a rabbit which bound porcine VIP with a Kd of 5.1 X 10(-11) M and a
      maximum binding capacity of 1830 ng/ml. In a RIA, this antiserum demonstrated
      immunoreactive VIP in tissue extracts of various regions of the brain and
      gastrointestinal tract. IR VIP in extracts of cerebral cortex and hypothalamus
      coeluted with synthetic porcine VIP on Bio-Gel P-30 column chromatography. Using
      chronically implanted right atrial catheters for blood sampling to avoid effects
      of stress and anesthesia, PRL blood levels in normal controls began to rise
      almost immediately after initiation of suckling from basal values of 3.0 +/- 0.9
      ng/ml to reach a plateau of 158.1 +/- 33.5 ng/ml after 40 min. When the VIP
      antiserum was administered immediately before initiation of suckling, the onset
      of the PRL response was delayed by 40 min, but PRL levels then rose at a slower
      rate to reach the plateau level of normal animals approximately 80 min later.
      When VIP antiserum was administered to rats who had been suckling for at least 1
      h, PRL levels fell from a mean basal elevated level of 152.7 +/- 16.0 ng/ml to a
      nadir of 50.4 +/- 9.1 ng/ml 80 min after injection and then gradually returned to
      basal levels. The effect of VIP antiserum was studied in rats in whom PRL
      secretion was increased by exposure to ether, a stimulus that acts on the release
      phase of PRL secretion. In rats in whom the depletion-transformation of PRL was
      induced by a prior brief period of suckling, subsequent exposure to ether caused
      a rise in serum PRL levels. The response was completely blocked in rats given VIP
      antiserum, whereas animals given nonimmune serum showed a significant increase in
      serum PRL to 38.6 +/- 17.3 ng/ml. We conclude from these studies that VIP
      mediates the acute PRL response to suckling and is required for maintenance of
      PRL levels in continuously suckling animals but is not the only factor causing
      PRL elevation. Complete abolition by the VIP antiserum of the PRL response to
      ether indicates that the effect of the anesthetic is mediated entirely by the
      release of VIP. These findings are consistent with the view that VIP is a
      physiological PRL-releasing factor in the rat.

PMID- 4038646
TI  - Lack of ovarian steroid negative feedback on pulsatile luteinizing hormone
      release between estrus and diestrous day 1 in the rat estrous cycle.
AB  - The object of this study was to determine the roles of ovarian estradiol (E2) and
      progesterone (P) in regulating pulsatile LH release between estrus and diestrous
      day 1 (D1) in the rat estrous cycle. Three groups of rats were bled at rates of
      75 or 100 microliter whole blood/6 or 8 min, respectively, between 0930-1230 h on
      estrus or 24 h after either sham ovariectomy (OVX) on estrus (i.e. on D1) or OVX
      on estrus. There were no differences in plasma E2 and P levels in rats between
      estrus and early D1. However, after OVX on estrus, plasma levels of both steroids
      declined and were significantly lower 24 h later than values in D1 controls,
      indicating an active ovarian secretion of both hormones in this interval of the
      rat cycle. A significant increase in mean blood LH levels occurred between estrus
      and D1 due to an increase in LH pulse amplitude and frequency. After OVX on
      estrus, all parameters of pulsatile LH release also increased within 24 h, but
      mean blood LH levels as well as LH pulse amplitude and frequency were virtually
      identical to values in D1 controls, despite the decline in plasma E2 and P
      levels. Thus, OVX did not augment the increases in LH pulse amplitude and
      frequency that occur between estrus and D1. This demonstrates that the increase
      in pulsatile LH release from estrus to early D1 occurs in the absence of ovarian
      steroid negative feedback; the increases in LH pulse amplitude and frequency are
      not under negative feedback control by the low plasma levels of E2 and P present
      at this time. These data stand in direct contrast to the presence of prominent
      ovarian steroid negative feedback systems operative between D1 and diestrous day
      2, and diestrous day 2 and proestrus.

PMID- 4038647
TI  - Biosynthesis of algal pheromones. A model study with the composite Senecio
      isatideus.
AB  - Several cyclic and alicyclic C11 hydrocarbons have been shown to act as gamete
      releasing and/or attracting pheromones during sexual reproduction of brown algae
      (Phaeophyceae). The same compounds are also found in the essential oils of
      various plants, of which the occurrence of the cycloheptadiene-pheromone
      ectocarpene in Senecio isatideus (Compositae) is noteworthy. Administration of
      [3H]dodeca-3,6,9-trienoic acid to cuttings of this plant leads to incorporation
      of radioactivity into ectocarpene. Double-bond-deuterated nona-3,6-dienoic acid
      is converted to fucoserratene, the pheromone of several Fucales, which is
      certainly not present among the hydrocarbons of Senecio. This proves that the
      pool of medium-chain, multiply unsaturated fatty acids includes precursors of all
      types of highly unsaturated hydrocarbons. Appropriately labelled (deuterium
      markers) fatty acid homologues were synthesized and applied to Senecio plantlets
      to unravel the mechanistic aspects. The results strongly suggest radical
      initiation of the pheromone biosynthesis by abstraction of a single hydrogen from
      a 1,4-pentadienyl segment of the fatty acid followed by oxidation to the
      corresponding cation. This causes fragmentation of the reactive intermediate into
      an olefine and carbon dioxide by neighbouring-group participation of the flanking
      double bonds. A tentative biosynthetic scheme is deduced from the experimental
      results which also sets the stereochemistry of the algal pheromones into a
      uniform mechanistic concept.

PMID- 4038648
TI  - Characterization and primary structures of DNA-binding HU-type proteins from
      Rhizobiaceae.
AB  - The DNA-binding HU-type proteins from several species of Rhizobiaceae including
      Rhizobium meliloti, two strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum with highly different
      phenotypic characters and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, were characterized and their
      amino acid sequences were determined. HU-type proteins isolated from R.
      leguminosarum L18 and A. tumefaciens are identical and show slight differences
      with the R. meliloti HU-type protein. On the other hand the R. leguminosarum L53
      HU-type protein is quite different from the proteins cited above; several amino
      acid substitutions encountered in this protein result in significant changes in
      the folding of the polypeptide chain. The biochemical characteristics of these
      proteins are in good agreement with the respective position of these bacteria in
      the phylogeny determined by numerical taxonomy.

PMID- 4038649
TI  - Concurrent radiochemotherapy in the treatment of gynaecologic neoplasms.
AB  - Chemotherapy with adriamycin and/or cisplatinum in standard dosages concurrent
      with full radiation produced an accelerated local-regional tumour control leading
      to complete response in 12 of 14 patients who had advanced primary or recurrent
      gynaecologic neoplasms. The continuation of chemotherapy thereafter did not
      however prevent the development nor arrest progression of metastases outside the
      irradiated field. Epidermitis and myelosupression were the enhanced side effects
      but were tolerable and manageable. Radiochemotherapy can be applicable in
      situations where rapid shrinkage of the tumour bulk is required. Its other useful
      potentials deserve further evaluation.

PMID- 4038650
TI  - Polychemotherapy with carmustine, cyclophosphamide plus adriamycin in the
      treatment of advanced ovarian cancer.
AB  - The Authors describe their experience with a combination therapy with carmustine
      (BCNU), cyclophosphamide (CTX) plus adriamycin (ADM) in the treatment of advanced
      ovarian cancer. The complete remission was obtained in 33.3% of subjects, the
      partial remission in 37.5%. Almost all patients suffered nausea, vomiting and
      alopecia. Myelosuppression was acceptable. No heart damage was observed. This
      pharmacological association can be considered an effective medical treatment in
      the management of ovarian carcinomas in advanced stages.

PMID- 4038651
TI  - Breast metastasis of ovarian cancer during cis-platinum therapy. A case report
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Metastases of the breast are extremely rare. Organs with a high incidence of
      primary tumors are believed to be more highly resistant to secondary tumors. This
      paper reports on a case of right breast metastasis in a woman being treated for
      ovarian cancer with cis-Platinum therapy. Review of the literature and
      illustration of the nine cases so far reported.

PMID- 4038652
TI  - Tumor growth in liver atrophy and growth. An experimental study in rats.
AB  - Despite vast knowledge on liver regeneration, little is known about the effect of
      active liver atrophy and regeneration on tumor growth. Ligation of a branch of
      the portal vein to the one or two anterior lobes was performed in inbred Wistar
      rats. This induces acute atrophy of the anterior and regeneration of the other
      lobes. During the same operation a tumor cell suspension (NGW1--adenocarcinoma)
      was inoculated in liver lobes undergoing atrophy and regeneration. Tumor volume
      and weight were measured and the histologic appearance was assessed. During the
      early and active phases the tumor growth was significantly accelerated in
      regenerating lobes and partially inhibited in rapidly atrophied segments. After
      the regeneration and atrophy was completed the normal pattern of growth was re
      established in both parts of the liver. The results suggest that tumor growth is
      affected in proportion to regenerative response. They further suggest that portal
      branch ligation is of limited value in surgical palliation of liver tumors. The
      risk for further induction of growth of clinically undetected tumor foci in the
      remaining liver tissue appears to be small, although a significant, but short
      lasting, stimulatory response was found.

PMID- 4038653
TI  - Effect of AZQ (1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diacarbamic acid-2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6 
      dioxodiethylester) in recurring supratentorial malignant brain gliomas--a Phase
      II study. EORTC Brain Tumour Cooperative Group.

PMID- 4038654
TI  - Low-dose aminoglutethimide without steroid replacement in the treatment of
      postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients with actively progressing advanced breast cancer have been
      assessed for their response to low-dose aminoglutethimide (125 mg bd) without
      steroid replacement. Eleven women (19%) had an objective response while a further
      eight had stabilization of disease. However, one patient died with apparent
      adrenal insufficiency and another developed low plasma cortisol and serum sodium.
      Furthermore, 4/17 patients who had failed to respond to low-dose A/G subsequently
      responded when changed to conventional-dose A/G + steroid replacement, while
      three patients had stabilization of previously progressing disease. These results
      indicate that low-dose A/G without steroid replacement is potentially hazardous
      and that low-dose and conventional-dose A/G + steroids do not produce identical
      results.

PMID- 4038656
TI  - Chemotherapy of esophageal cancer.

PMID- 4038655
TI  - Relationship between leukemic cell retention of cytosine arabinoside triphosphate
      and the duration of remission in patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Bone marrow cells were obtained from patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia
      immediately prior to the administration of cytosine arabinoside/anthracycline
      antibiotic remission induction therapy. The ability of the leukemic cells to take
      up and phosphorylate cytosine arabinoside (araC) and to retain cytosine
      arabinoside triphosphate (araCTP) was measured and compared to the outcome of
      remission induction therapy and the duration of remission. While the outcome of
      remission induction therapy was unrelated to cellular metabolism of araC, the
      duration of remission was highly correlated with araCTP retention. A comparison
      of the remission durations of patients treated on successive chemotherapeutic
      protocols suggests that the benefits of intensive remission consolidation therapy
      may be limited to patients whose leukemic cell retention of araCTP is low and
      that aggressive consolidation chemotherapy may reduce the prognostic significance
      of araCTP retention.

PMID- 4038657
TI  - Cell proliferation kinetics in the gastric remnant.
AB  - Biopsy specimens of the gastroenterostomal area in 60 long-standing asymptomatic
      postgastrectomy patients and of the mid-corpus region in five normal controls
      were cultured in [3H]-TdR. Using radioautography, thymidine incorporation rate
      (TIR) and cell position of the labelled cells were scored. In the normal gastric
      mucosa cell proliferation was limited to the progenitor cell region. TIR of the
      stomal area was higher compared to the normal mucosa. In addition, an upward
      shift of the proliferative compartment towards the luminal surface was observed.
      In severe dysplasia an expanded pool of DNA-synthesizing cells was present in the
      uppermost layers of the gastric mucosa, but even in the surrounding non
      dysplastic mucosa an upward shift of labelled cells could be demonstrated. These
      proliferative changes are considered to be compatible with increased cancer risk.
      The sequence of proliferative events suggests that early cancer formation in the
      gastric remnant takes place in the superficial mucosa and therefore is easily
      amenable to endoscopic biopsy.

PMID- 4038658
TI  - Evaluation of luteal-phase salivary progesterone levels in women with benign
      breast disease or primary breast cancer.
AB  - Salivary progesterone concentrations were determined in premenopausal parous
      women with a mean age of ca. 40 yr who had a history of either benign breast
      disease (n = 15) or primary breast cancer (n = 15) and in a group of age-matched
      healthy women (n = 15). Saliva samples were collected at 09.00 and 21.00 hr daily
      for one complete menstrual cycle and progesterone concentration was measured by
      radioimmunoassay. Characteristic luteal-phase progesterone profiles were observed
      in all subjects in each of the three groups but no statistical intergroup
      differences could be demonstrated for age-matched subjects in each group. These
      studies indicated that ovarian dysfunction, as judged from salivary progesterone
      concentrations, was not apparent in older premenopausal women with a history of
      benign breast disease or primary breast cancer when compared with age-matched
      controls.

PMID- 4038659
TI  - Isolation of microvillar microfilaments and associated transmembrane complex from
      ascites tumor cell microvilli.
AB  - The association of microvillar microfilaments with the microvillar membrane actin
      containing transmembrane complex of MAT-C1 13762 ascites tumor cell microvilli
      has been investigated by differential centrifugation, gel electrophoresis and
      electron microscopy of detergent extracts of the isolated microvilli. Several
      methods have been used to reduce breakdown and solubilization of the
      microfilament core actin during the detergent extractions for preparation of
      microvillar core microfilaments. Gel electrophoresis of differential
      centrifugation fractions demonstrated that over 70% of the total microvillus
      actin could be pelleted with microfilament cores at 10 000 g under extraction
      conditions which reduce filament breakdown. Transmission electron microscopy
      (TEM) of all of the core preparations showed arrays of microfilaments and small
      microfilament bundles. The major protein components of the microfilament cores,
      observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) electrophoresis, were actin and alpha
      actinin. Among the less prominent polypeptide components was a 58 000 Dalton
      polypeptide (58 K), previously identified as a member of the MAT-Cl transmembrane
      complex. This three-component complex contains, in addition to 58 K, actin
      associated directly and stably with a cell surface glycoprotein (Carraway, CAC,
      Jung, G & Carraway, K L, Proc. natl acad. sci. US 80 (1983) 430). Evidence that
      the apparent association of complex with the microfilament core was not due
      simply to co-sedimentation was provided by myosin affinity precipitation. These
      results provide further evidence that the transmembrane complex is a site for the
      interaction of microfilaments with the microvillar plasma membrane.

PMID- 4038660
TI  - Translation of messenger RNA from a renal tumor into a product with the
      biological properties of erythropoietin.
AB  - The renal tumor RCC-3-JCK, when transplanted into immunodeficient mice, caused an
      erythrocytic polycythemia. When grown in culture, the tumor cells secreted a
      substance into the culture medium that chromatographed by size-exclusion high
      performance liquid chromatography similarly to purified human erythropoietin (Ep)
      and was positive when assayed for Ep by its ability to stimulate erythropoiesis
      in fetal mouse liver cells (the FMLC assay). The poly(A) + RNA was extracted from
      the tumor cells and injected into Xenopus oocytes, inducing the appearance of
      Ep(FMLC) in the oocyte culture medium. Both the tumor cells and oocyte culture
      media were fractionated by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography,
      and two fractions with Ep(FMLC) activity were found in the tumor-cell culture
      medium. Three active fractions were found in the medium from the mRNA-injected
      oocytes. The largest component from both culture media had the same elution time
      as a human standard (Ep). The poly(A) + RNA was fractionated by sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation and the 8S and 10S fractions were found to induce
      Ep(FMLC) synthesis when they were injected into the oocytes. We conclude that
      poly(A) + RNA isolated from the Ep-producing tumor RCC-3-JCK included mRNA for Ep
      and that the Ep was a translational product of Xenopus oocytes injected with this
      mRNA.

PMID- 4038662
TI  - Circling behavior in mice and rats: possible relationship to isolation-induced
      aggression.
AB  - The relationship between circling behavior (rotation), isolation, and aggression
      was investigated in normal male mice and rats. Initially the animals were tested
      for spontaneous nocturnal rotation, then conspecific aggression and muricidal
      behavior was observed for mice and rats respectively. Subsequently, animals were
      paired on the basis of net nocturnal rotations and either group-housed or
      individually housed. Four weeks later all animals were retested for the same
      behaviors. Spontaneous nocturnal rotation increased significantly for the
      isolated mice but not for the group-housed animals. Moreover, 9 of the 10
      isolates became aggressive and their net rotations were significantly and
      positively correlated with the number of biting attacks. None of the group-housed
      mice became aggressive. Rats, on other hand, showed a decrease in rotation and a
      relationship between rotation and muricidal behavior was not evident. The
      possible relationship between circling behavior, aggression, and territoriality
      is discussed.

PMID- 4038661
TI  - Role of the cat substantia nigra pars reticulata in eye and head movements. I.
      Neural activity.
AB  - Single unit activity was recorded in the Substantia Nigra pars reticulata (SNpr)
      of cats trained to orient their gaze toward visual and/or auditory targets. Cells
      in the SNpr have a steady high rate of spontaneous activity ranging from 35 to
      120 spikes per second. The neurons respond to sensory stimuli or in relation to
      saccadic eye movements with a decrease or a cut-off of the spontaneous discharge.
      Among 109 cells recorded in the SNPR 60 were responsive to visual stimuli (mean
      latency = 118 ms). Most of the receptive fields which were plotted were large
      encompassing part of the ipsilateral field. Thirty nine (39) cells were
      responsive to auditory stimuli (mean latency = 81 ms). A majority of these cells
      showed a better response for stimuli located in the contralateral hemifield. In a
      few cells, the sensory responses were modulated by the subsequent orienting
      behavior of the animals. Thirty one (31) cells showed a response in relation to
      saccades. These units typically stopped discharging between 50 and 300 ms prior
      to the onset of the saccade. 39% of these units also responded in relation to
      spontaneous saccades in the dark. 61% of the saccadic cells also responded to
      sensory stimuli in the absence of saccades. Six (6) cells were found to respond
      to active head movements. These results are discussed in the framework of the
      role that the basal ganglia might have in the selection of the sensory stimuli
      that trigger orienting behaviors.

PMID- 4038663
TI  - Morphology of the intercapsular segment of the oviduct in the golden hamster with
      special reference to ovum-transit from ruptured follicles to the ampulla.
AB  - The intercapsular segment of the oviduct in the golden hamster is not a simple
      duct which has constant outer and inner diameters. After penetrating the bursa
      ovarica the ICS has a circular constriction and the corresponding oviductal lumen
      is narrowed.

PMID- 4038664
TI  - Colchicine-induced appearance (proliferation) of smooth sarcoplasmic reticulum in
      arterial smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Colchicine treatment resulted in the appearance and proliferation of smooth
      sarcoplasmic reticulum in some smooth muscle cells of the aortic and pulmonary
      trunk walls in the rabbit. The significance of cytoplasmic microtubules and/or
      membrane-bound tubulin for the morphogenesis, functioning and control of smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum in different kinds of cells is discussed.

PMID- 4038665
TI  - Purification and characterization of the gonad lectin of Aplysia depilans.
AB  - Extracts of gonads and fertilized eggs of Aplysia depilans contain a D
      galacturonic and D-galactose-binding lectin. This lectin reacts strongly with
      rabbit and human erythrocytes independent of ABO blood groups, weakly with dog,
      mouse, rat, and chick erythrocytes and not at all or very weakly with sheep
      erythrocytes. Purification of the gonad lectin was easily achieved, with a high
      yield, by heating to 70 degrees C, precipitation with ammonium sulfate and
      affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B. The purified lectin was found to be a
      glucoprotein of molecular mass around 55-60 kDa; it stimulates mitogenesis of
      human peripheral lymphocytes.

PMID- 4038666
TI  - [Energy support and the contractile capacity of glycerinized myocardial fibers in
      experimental informational neurosis].
AB  - Experiments in dogs revealed that in informational neurosis the ability of
      myocardial contractile protein system (myocardial glycerinized filament bundles)
      to develop tension and produce work as well as the power of the contractile
      process are considerably reduced. Obviously, the energy production is not
      disturbed as a lower myocardial content of ATP (by 12%) and particularly of CP
      (by 54%) is caused by 8-9-month hypokinesia. Analogous shifts seem to occur in
      the human heart in informational neurosis which, in combination with the reduced
      intensity of the calcium transport by sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria,
      may underlie the development of heart weakness.

PMID- 4038667
TI  - Development of cortical polarity in mouse eggs: involvement of the meiotic
      apparatus.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to determine the origin of cortical polarity in
      mouse eggs and its possible relation to the meiotic apparatus. Cortices of mature
      eggs overlying the meiotic apparatus (microvillus-free area) were distinguished
      by an absence of microvilli and a thickened layer of actin. In contrast, the
      surfaces of immature oocytes were covered entirely with a dense population of
      microvilli and were subtended by a uniform layer of actin. When induced to
      undergo maturation, meiotic spindles formed in the center of immature oocytes and
      then moved peripherally. Coincident with the cortical localization of the meiotic
      spindle was the formation of a microvillus-free area, i.e., a loss of microvilli
      and a thickening of the actin layer associated with this region of the egg
      cortex. If immature oocytes were incubated in cytochalasin B, meiotic spindles
      formed; however, they failed to move peripherally and microvillus-free areas did
      not develop. Oocytes incubated in colchicine did not form meiotic spindles,
      although the chromosomes condensed and became localized to cortices where
      microvillus-free areas developed. Cytochalasin B-treated mature eggs maintained
      intact meiotic spindles and exhibited a disappearance of microvillus-free areas
      and a reduction in cortical actin. The chromosomes of mature eggs treated with
      colchicine remained associated with microvillus-free areas despite the
      disappearance of meiotic spindles. Occasionally, colchicine-treated eggs
      possessed more than one cortically located mass of chromosomes, each of which was
      associated with a microvillus-free area. These observations indicate that
      mechanisms involving the movement of the meiotic spindle to the oocyte cortex and
      development and maintenance of cortical polarity are cytochalasin B sensitive.
      Commensurate with the localization of meiotic chromosomes to the egg cortex is
      the reorganization of cortical actin and the formation of a microvillus-free
      area.

PMID- 4038668
TI  - Altered trophoblast functions in implantation-defective mouse embryos.
AB  - Extracellular proteases, such as plasminogen activator (PA), may play a role in
      the invasive action of trophoblasts during blastocyst implantation in mice.
      Detailed analysis of proteases released by trophoblasts must be carried out in
      culture for practical reasons, but the in vitro results should ideally be related
      to implantation in utero to test the validity of the conclusions in the model
      system. The implantation-defective mutant (tw73) allows us to investigate
      alterations of trophoblasts in culture which will reflect their altered functions
      in utero. The trophoblasts of mutant embryos attached and proliferated in culture
      to the same extent as control embryos. Therefore, the mutant effect is not to
      kill or stop the division of these cells. However, trophoblasts of tw73
      homozygotes showed decreased invasive ability when transplanted into testes. To
      examine the biochemical basis of altered invasive behavior in mutants, PA
      activity released by blastocysts in culture was measured. Medium conditioned by
      tw73 homozygotes contained less PA fibrinolytic activity than culture medium of
      control embryos. The correlation between decreased in vitro PA activity and the
      invasive defects seen in utero and ectopically, supports the involvement of PA in
      the invasive phase of the implantation process.

PMID- 4038669
TI  - The minimally hearing-impaired child.
AB  - This paper reviews evidence which suggests that middle ear disease with effusion
      and associated hearing loss, unilateral sensorineural hearing impairment, and
      mild bilateral sensorinural hearing loss in children can result in far more
      educational and/or communicative difficulty than was previously supposed. The
      author rejects the notion that a decibel level on an audiogram truly reflects the
      degree of hardship the child experiences and argues for a more active
      identification and management program in the early years.

PMID- 4038670
TI  - [Use of specific DNA probes for mapping the ceruloplasmin gene on rat chromosomes
      by direct in situ hybridization].
AB  - Specific DNA-probes representing the fragments of chromosomal ceruplasmin gene
      (lambda RCp-1, lambda RCp-2, lambda RCp-3) and its cDNA copy of the corresponding
      mRNA were heavily labelled with 125J dCTP (the specific activity of the probes
      varying from 1.5 X 10(7) to 3.4 X 10(8) dpm). These probes were used for in situ
      hybridization on metaphase chromosomes. The total number of silver grains and
      their distribution along differentially stained chromosomes were determined in
      653 metaphase plates from bone marrow cells of laboratory rats. The results of in
      situ hybridization were very similar for all four specific DNA-probes tested and
      allow to assign ceruplasmin gene to the q13 region of chromosome 7. The local
      increase of silver grain count over chromosome 15 was also registered and
      discussed.

PMID- 4038671
TI  - [Statistical analysis and experiment planning in the test for the induction of
      anomalous sperm in mice].
AB  - The work deals with analysis and planning of experiments in one of the testing
      methods for potential genetic activity of chemicals--in the test for sperm
      abnormality in mice. A novel way of analysis of experimental data using
      consecutive scheme of microscopy of preparations has been suggested which came to
      be more convenient and economically advantageous in routine work.

PMID- 4038672
TI  - The effect and mode of action of zinc pyrithione on cell growth. II. In vivo
      studies.
AB  - The effect of topical application of the anti-dandruff agent zinc pyrithione
      (ZnPTO) on epidermal DNA synthesis in normal and hexadecane-stimulated rat skin
      was investigated. Autoradiography was used to determine the percentage of
      epidermal cells labelled with [3H]thymidine (labelling index). ZnPTO at 1% in
      shampoo base caused a slight increase in the labelling index in normal skin,
      similar to the effect of the shampoo base alone. No effect of 1% ZnPTO as an
      aqueous dispersion was observed. ZnPTO at 1% in shampoo base did not reduce the
      large increase in labelling index produced by hexadecane, nor did shampoo base
      alone or 1% ZnPTO in water. The shampoo base with or without 1% ZnPTO had only a
      very slight effect on the histopathology of normal and hexadecane-treated skin,
      and 1% ZnPTO in water had no effect. It is concluded that the in vitro potential
      of ZnPTO to cause growth inhibition is not achieved in vivo, presumably because
      of low percutaneous absorption. This evidence does not support a cytostatic mode
      of action in clearing dandruff.

PMID- 4038673
TI  - Genetic toxicology in the food industry.
AB  - In vitro testing of food products for mutagenic activity presents particular
      problems, especially in connection with the administration of the test material
      to the assay system, the possible interference of food components with the
      genetic end-point used for the assay, the presence in foods of various factors
      that may modify mutagenic activity, the identification of appropriate negative or
      positive controls and the avoidance of artefactual mutagen formation during the
      preparation of test samples. Ideally mutagenicity testing requires in vivo
      studies (although these too have particular problems when applied to foods) but,
      at present, in vitro tests provide the only practical means of screening large
      numbers of food samples or modifying factors and of assessing food-processing
      techniques. The tests can be carried out on model systems (e.g. amino acid/sugar
      mixtures), on isolated and purified constituents of foods, on fractionated
      solvent extracts or on whole-food homogenates subjected to digestion procedures.
      However, to determine genotoxic risk from foodstuffs, quantitative data from
      mammalian in vivo tests and from human consumption and metabolism studies are
      also required.

PMID- 4038674
TI  - Comparison of percutaneous absorption of fragrances by humans and monkeys.
AB  - The percutaneous absorption of two cosmetic fragrance materials, safrole and
      cinnamyl anthranilate, as well as of cinnamic alcohol and cinnamic acid, has been
      measured at occluded and non-occluded application sites. Absorption values were
      determined in the rhesus monkey in vivo. Absorption through human skin was
      measured by using excised skin in diffusion cells. Because of the insolubility in
      water of safrole and cinnamyl anthranilate, a nonionic surfactant solution (6%
      oleth 20) was used in the receptor chamber of the diffusion cell in order to
      facilitate the partitioning of the compounds from the skin into the receptor
      fluid. The relative volatility of the compounds was determined in order to aid in
      the interpretation of the absorption results. The greatest difference between in
      vivo and in vitro absorption values occurred with safrole, which was the least
      well absorbed and the most volatile compound. Cinnamic acid absorption through
      non-occluded human skin (17.8 +/- 4.9%, mean +/- SEM) was significantly lower
      than through monkey skin (38.6 +/- 8.3%). The values for absorption through human
      and monkey skin did not differ significantly for cinnamyl anthranilate (24.0 +/-
      5.1% v. 26.1 +/- 2.3%) or cinnamic alcohol (33.9 +/- 7.3% v. 25.4 +/- 4.4%).
      Occlusion of the skin resulted in greater permeation of all of the compounds; a
      significant difference in permeability between the two types of skin occurred
      only with safrole. The fragrances were absorbed well, but their volatility must
      be considered in a toxicity evaluation. There was reasonable agreement between
      the values obtained from the studies of the human skin in vitro and the monkey
      skin in vivo.

PMID- 4038675
TI  - Suitability of the P388F mouse lymphoma system for detecting potential
      carcinogens and mutagens.
AB  - The P388F mouse lymphoma (TK +/-) system has been evaluated further for use as a
      primary mammalian-cell test and as a complementary assay to the Ames Salmonella
      reverse-mutation assay. The system showed a clear dose response with three
      alkylating agents of previously demonstrated genotoxic potential and gave the
      anticipated positive result with benzo[a]pyrene in the presence of S-9 mix. In
      addition, while giving the expected negative result with sugar, the assay
      detected genotoxic activity in hexamethylphosphoramide, acrylonitrile and
      formaldehyde, all of which are known to give negative results in the Ames test.

PMID- 4038676
TI  - Aflatoxin exposure and human liver-cancer risk.

PMID- 4038677
TI  - The effect of L-histidine on acute cobalt intoxication in rats.

PMID- 4038678
TI  - Genetic toxicology in the pharmaceutical industry.
AB  - The main objective of the pharmaceutical industry is health protection. Drugs not
      intended for use in life-threatening diseases should be free from toxic effects,
      but every natural or man-made chemical has potential toxicity depending on the
      exposure dose. The pharmaceutical industry considers genetic toxicology as a part
      of overall safety evaluation. No single genetic toxicity test is satisfactory; a
      battery of test is necessary to cover the whole spectrum of genetic events.
      Numerous tier approaches have been proposed for mutagenicity testing but from the
      toxicological viewpoint a phylogenic testing model seems more appropriate than a
      sequential step model. Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of drugs should rely
      on in vivo animal models, although for screening purposes and to promote
      understanding of the mutagenic action, in vitro tests using different systems can
      be used. Rejection solely on the basis of in vitro tests can lead to the
      unnecessary loss of a valuable drug. More inexpensive and relatively short tests
      on non-mammalian and mammalian cells are needed for studying structure-mutagenic
      activity relationships. For extrapolating to man and in the framework of clinical
      studies, it might be worthwhile to focus more time on developing inexpensive and
      simple tests using models directly relevant to man (e.g. human body fluids).

PMID- 4038679
TI  - Biomonitoring of exposure to potential mutagens and carcinogens in industrial
      populations.
AB  - Methods for monitoring exposure to potential industrial mutagens and carcinogens
      fall into two distinct groups. The tests in the first group measure the
      concentration of the substance, of its metabolites or of the products of its
      reaction with cellular macromolecules, in biological media. Such tests include
      the determination of urinary metabolites of the chemical, the measurement of
      nucleic-acid or protein adducts and the determination of urinary thioethers. The
      second group comprises assays of biological endpoints that may be the result of
      the organism's reaction to exposure. These endpoints include chromosomal
      aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes and sister chromatid exchanges. Each test
      has advantages and limitations that will affect its suitability for use in
      specific industrial situations.

PMID- 4038681
TI  - Inhibition by plant phenols of benzo[a]pyrene-induced nuclear aberrations in
      mammalian intestinal cells: a rapid in vivo assessment method.
AB  - The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene, induced dose-related nuclear
      damage (micronuclei, pyknotic nuclei and karyorrhectic bodies) in colonic
      epithelial cells of C57BL/6J mice within 24 hr when administered intrarectally in
      single doses of 0-200 mg/kg body weight. This damage was reduced when mice
      ingested the plant phenols, caffeic, ferulic and ellagic acids, and quercetin at
      levels of 4% or BHA at 2% (w/w) in the diet for 1 wk prior to the benzo[a]pyrene
      challenge (100 mg/kg body weight). Benzo[a]pyrene-induced nuclear damage was not
      significantly inhibited by 4% curcumin under similar conditions. The inhibition
      of nuclear damage is consistent with reported antimutagenic effects for these
      agents in vitro and in longer term animal studies. The procedure described here
      may provide a rapid in vivo method for assessing the potential of natural
      products to inhibit the carcinogenic process.

PMID- 4038680
TI  - The role of mutagenicity testing in the ecotoxicological evaluation of industrial
      discharges into the aquatic environment.
AB  - An important task of ecotoxicology is to provide data for use by governments as a
      scientific basis for regulating the discharge of potentially hazardous substances
      into the environment. The criteria on which such regulations are based include
      biological and chemical degradability, bioavailability (accumulation) and
      toxicity, the latter manifesting itself in a reduced ability of organisms to
      survive and reproduce. There are also arguments for including the mutagenicity of
      chemicals in these criteria. In the past decade many studies have revealed the
      contamination of water and the atmosphere by mutagens originating in human
      activities and having observable effects on organisms in these environments. The
      extent to which this mutagenic stress can alter ecosystems as a whole is not yet
      known, but if mutagens are shown to cause major changes, mutagenicity is clearly
      an important ecotoxicological criterion. In the meantime its use must be based on
      the actual damage caused to organisms by mutagens and on the rising concern over
      a novel ecological phenomenon that might be named 'increased mutagenic stress'. A
      detailed report on the ecotoxicological case history of the discharge from a
      nitrofuran factory demonstrates the role of mutagenicity tests in the evaluation
      of effluents. As well as being toxic to algae, the discharge was found to be
      mutagenic in the Ames test. Toxicity and mutagenicity were used as criteria in
      studies of the biodegradability of the offending substances in a chemostat, as
      well as in studies to monitor the success of detoxification attempts. In the
      chemostat the mutagens did not appear to be very degradable but the algal
      toxicity decreased by 90%. Detoxification was reasonably successful for the
      mutagens in contrast to the algal toxicants.

PMID- 4038682
TI  - Genetic toxicology in industrial practice: general introduction.
AB  - During the past decade, important position statements on mutagenicity testing
      have been issued by industrial organizations such as CEFIC (the European Council
      of Chemical Industry Federations) and ECETOC (the European Chemical Industry
      Ecology and Toxicology Centre). Mutagenicity testing is of potential value as a
      research tool for screening new compounds, as a probe for the identification of
      harmful substances and as a diagnostic tool for monitoring the health of
      individuals exposed to certain chemicals. The problems inherent in mutagenicity
      testing include specificity and sensitivity, and meaningful interpretation of
      test data will depend on the strict maintenance of accepted quality standards.

PMID- 4038683
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics of vitamin A (retinol) in rats and hamsters.
AB  - The absorption and elimination of all-trans-retinol in the plasma of rats and
      hamsters were studied after an oral dose of 45 mg/kg body weight. The hamsters
      exhibited a higher pretreatment mean circulating retinol concentration than rats
      maintained on an identical diet. The increase in plasma retinol after a single
      oral dose was much greater in hamsters than rats. The area under the plasma
      concentration v. time curve was approximately 60% greater for rats than for
      hamsters. The elimination half-times for rats were much longer than for hamsters.
      Plasma retinol uptake and disappearance were consistent with a two-compartment
      open model with first-order absorption.

PMID- 4038684
TI  - Effect of serum-parathion interactions on cutaneous penetration of parathion in
      vitro.
AB  - The effect of serum and serum fractions on the cutaneous penetration of
      [35S]parathion from surface deposits or adsorbed formulations was determined. The
      total quantity of [35S]parathion which penetrated pig skin was significantly
      greater when the receptor fluid was whole swine serum or the 500 or 10,000 MW
      retentate from ultrafiltration of the serum than when phosphate-buffered saline
      (PBSA), the 500 MW filtrate or distilled water, respectively, was used. The
      enhanced penetration was observed without any associated evidence of metabolic
      change and with both dosing methods. This result is consistent with the
      hypothesis that serum-parathion interactions are the cause of the enhanced
      penetration. The apparent solubility of parathion was 16 times greater in whole
      serum than in PBSA. Gel-filtration chromatography of the serum-parathion mixture
      revealed that approximately 11% of the 35S activity was associated with two
      protein fractions which had consistently different elution volumes. Most of the
      radioactivity, however, was not tightly bound and the equilibrium between bound
      and free parathion was rapidly reversible. The result of interaction between
      parathion and serum proteins was an increased apparent solubility, relative to
      PBSA, and increased cutaneous penetration. The significance of these findings is
      clear: when designing in vitro systems to model in vivo percutaneous absorption,
      investigators should consider that the affinity of the fluid interfacing with the
      dermis in vivo may influence the kinetics of penetration when subcutaneous blood
      flow is low.

PMID- 4038685
TI  - Influence of age and environment on the induction of mammary tumours by
      diethylstilboestrol in C3H/HeN-MTV+ mice.
AB  - C3H/HeN-MTV+ female mice were fed diets containing targeted concentrations of 320
      or 640 ppb diethylstilboestrol (DES) starting at 3, 5, 7 or 11 wk of age and
      continuing throughout their remaining lifespan. Mice were housed in either a
      single-corridor conventional animal room or in a double-corridor barrier-type
      animal room. Mice housed in the conventional animal room and started on DES at 7
      or 11 week of age developed palpable mammary tumours somewhat sooner than the
      corresponding groups of mice kept in the barrier animal room. In mice housed in
      the barrier animal room and exposed to a given DES concentration, there was very
      little difference between mice started on DES at 3, 5 or 7 wk of age in the
      exposure time required for the development of palpable mammary tumours. There was
      a striking difference, however, between mice started on DES at 7 wk and those
      started at 11 wk of age in the exposure time needed before mammary tumours
      appeared. Mice started at 11 wk of age developed tumours with, on average, about
      4 wk less exposure than did those started at 7 wk. This suggests that treatment
      between 7 and 11 wk of age had little or no effect on mammary tumour development.
      In conclusion, both animal-room environment and age at the start of DES treatment
      influenced the mammary tumour response in female C3H/HeN-MTV+ mice.

PMID- 4038686
TI  - A carcinogenicity study with mutagenic organic concentrates of drinking-water in
      the Netherlands.
AB  - The carcinogenicity in male and female Wistar SSP TOX rats of organic drinking
      water concentrates that are positive in the Ames test was studied at three doses.
      The organic mutagenic concentrates were prepared weekly from drinking-water from
      one location in The Netherlands by adsorption onto XAD-4/8 resins and elution
      with dimethylsulphoxide. The organic concentrates in dimethylsulphoxide were
      mixed with non-mutagenic drinking-water before exposure of the rats. Dose levels
      were based on multiples of expected human exposure levels. For the calculation
      the average human daily intake of drinking-water was taken as 2 litres for a body
      weight of 70 kg. There was no significant increase in tumour induction when male
      Wistar SSP TOX rats were exposed for 106 wk to 4.5, 14 or 40 times the expected
      human exposure level and females to 7,22 or 68 times the human level. The
      development and types of tumours were similar in the treated and control groups.
      The numbers of animals with tumours and of animals that died as a result of
      tumours in the exposed groups did not differ significantly from those in the
      control groups. These results suggest that these organic mutagenic drinking-water
      concentrates did not contain very potent carcinogens in effective concentrations.

PMID- 4038688
TI  - Preop education can cut LOS and cost, aid PPS delivery.

PMID- 4038687
TI  - Sensory irritation potential of selected nasal tumorigens in the rat.
AB  - Several important chemicals, including formaldehyde, 1,4-dichloro-2-butene, bis
      chloromethyl ether, hexamethylphosphoramide, and epichlorohydrin have been shown
      to produce nasal tumours in rats following repeated or continuous inhalation
      exposures. Some of these compounds are respiratory irritants. To determine
      whether there is a correlation between the ability of a chemical to produce
      sensory irritation and to elicit nasal tumours, the atmospheric concentration
      causing a 50% decrease in the respiratory rate (RD50) of male rats was
      determined. Three other nasal tumorigens, dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, 2,3,4
      trichloro-1-butene and 1,2-ethoxy-3-phenoxypropane, were also studied. No
      correlation between sensory irritation potency and nasal tumorigenic potential
      was observed. The most potent nasal tumorigen hexamethylphosphoramide, which
      produces tumours in rats following 12 months' continuous exposure to 50 ppb,
      failed to cause any decrease in respiratory rate when tested at 351 ppm (an
      aerosol exposure level which exceeds atmospheric saturation by approximately ten
      times).

PMID- 4038689
TI  - Social workers highlight roles under PPS.

PMID- 4038691
TI  - Genetic heterogeneity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - We studied the pattern of inheritance of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy among 111
      first-degree relatives of 30 patients with the disease. Results of segregation
      analysis suggest a genetic heterogeneity for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in that
      both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive mode of inheritance can occur.

PMID- 4038690
TI  - Gc serum groups in schizophrenia.
AB  - Gc subtypes were studied by isoelectric focusing in schizophrenic patients and
      controls. No significant differences between patients and controls were found.
      The results so far on Gc groups and schizophrenia show no consistent pattern and
      the significant associations reported have not been confirmed.

PMID- 4038692
TI  - Time of onset of chest pain in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - We studied the time of onset of chest pain in 1099 patients admitted to a
      coronary care unit with myocardial infarction using a statistical model.
      Statistical analysis demonstrated an excess of infarcts with time of onset of
      chest pain at 0700 hours (14%) and at midnight (11%), with the remaining infarct
      population (75%) forming a background distribution over the 24 hr.

PMID- 4038693
TI  - Use of nifedipine in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infants. A report of two
      cases.

PMID- 4038694
TI  - Study of central regulation of intraocular pressure using ventriculocisternal
      perfusion.
AB  - The ability of hypoosmotic solution, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and clonidine to
      influence intraocular pressure (IOP) by a central mechanism was studied using the
      technique of ventriculocisternal perfusion in conscious rabbits. IOP remained
      unchanged during the perfusion of 150 mOsm artificial cerebrospinal fluid. IOP
      rapidly increased by 15 mmHg during the perfusion of PGE1 at the dose of 1 or 3
      micrograms/min. However, when PGE1 was perfused intravenously at the dose of 1
      microgram/min, a similar IOP response was observed. Furthermore, during the
      ventriculocisternal perfusion of PGE1 a significant systemic absorption occurred.
      These observations indicate that the ocular hypertension during the
      ventriculocisternal perfusion of PGE1 is primarily due to the peripheral action
      of systematically absorbed PGE1. IOP gradually decreased by 3 mmHg during the
      ventriculocisternal perfusion of clonidine at the dose of 0.1 or 0.33
      micrograms/min. Intravenous perfusion of clonidine at the same doses did not
      change the IOP. These results indicate that clonidine can lower IOP by a
      centrally mediated mechanism. Ventriculocisternal perfusion of clonidine (0.1
      micrograms/min) in rabbits with unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy
      lowered IOP in both eyes, indicating that ocular adrenergic innervation does not
      participate in this centrally mediated IOP response. However, the cardiovascular
      parameters of anesthetized rabbits were altered by the ventriculocisternal
      perfusion of clonidine (0.1 micrograms/min), suggesting that a change in systemic
      hemodynamics is involved in the central IOP effect of clonidine.

PMID- 4038695
TI  - Acute effects of dexamethasone on intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
AB  - The effects of 3 mg orally administered dexamethasone on the intraocular pressure
      (IOP) were examined in four patients with primary open-angle glaucoma
      hospitalized for this study. Plasma-free glucocorticoid activity was measured by
      a radioreceptor assay. Diurnal rhythms of IOP and plasma-free glucocorticoid
      activity were detected prior to administration of dexamethasone. The plasma-free
      glucocorticoid activity rose two- to threefold in the 30-min period following
      steroid administration and then declined throughout the rest of the day. IOP was
      approximately 2 mmHg higher in the 0-4-hr period and approximately 5.5 mmHg
      higher in the 4-8-hr period following the pharmacologic doses of dexamethasone
      compared with similar periods on control days. The increase in the IOP was highly
      significant (P less than 0.006) in the latter time period. These findings suggest
      that the glucocorticoids may have a greater role in regulating IOP than generally
      has been appreciated.

PMID- 4038696
TI  - Some functional characteristics of purified bovine interphotoreceptor retinol
      binding protein.
AB  - Interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein (IRBP) is a unique retinol carrier: it
      is a large glycoprotein existing only in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM),
      which is the extracellular material situated between and behind the
      photoreceptors of the neural retina. IRBP from bovine and human eyes carries
      endogenous retinol, as evidenced by the protein's fluorescence on gel-filtration
      (Sephacryl S-300) chromatography and on native (non-SDS) pore-gradient
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Bovine IRBP's retinol-binding sites are at
      most one-third occupied in light-adapted eyes and much less in dark-adapted eyes;
      this bleach dependence is partially reversible and suggests a role in vitamin A
      transport during the visual cycle. IRBP can be saturated with exogenous all-trans
      retinol; one ligand molecule binds per protein molecule. IRBP can be isolated
      rapidly from IPM by affinity adsorption onto con A-Sepharose; this preparation is
      94% pure and yields 0.33 mg or 2.4 nmol of IRBP per bovine eye. An apparently
      homogeneous preparation can be obtained by subsequent passage through a Sepharose
      4B column. IRBP is located only in the IPM, which is harvested by isotonic
      washing of the retina. (In the absence of this rinse to prepare IPM, the protein
      is found loosely associated with the retina, although not as a cellular or
      membrane component.) As the thoroughness of the retinal washing procedure is
      increased, the yield of IPM proteins (including IRBP) goes up; however, the same
      set of proteins, in the same ratios, always is retrieved, indicating that retinal
      cell components do not contaminate seriously the IPM.

PMID- 4038697
TI  - Assessing the financial characteristics of multi-institutional organizations.
AB  - The prospective pricing of health services is precipitating greater attention to
      financial characteristics and greater development of multi-institutional
      organizations (MIOs). This study compares the financial characteristics of 1,590
      MIO hospitals with 2,819 freestanding hospitals by ownership type: church
      operated, other not-for-profit, and investor-owned. Using 1981 data from the
      American Hospital Association, the hospitals' capital structure and profitability
      are measured using three financial ratios: total assets-to-equity, return on
      equity, and operating margin. The results indicate both greater leverage and
      greater profitability among MIO hospitals, particularly in the investor-owned
      sector. The implications of these findings are discussed relative to financial
      performance by hospital ownership type in the future.

PMID- 4038698
TI  - Effect of prepubertal versus postpubertal castration on sexual and aggressive
      behavior in male horses.
AB  - Males horses castrated prepubertally occasionally display stallion-like sexual
      and aggressive behavior as adults. A retrospective survey of 140 horse owners was
      undertaken to compare the effectiveness of prepubertal versus postpubertal
      castration on objectionable sexual and aggressive behavior. Of 94 geldings that
      had been castrated prepubertally (before 2 years of age), 20% to 30% displayed
      stallion-like sexual behavior and aggression toward horses, and 5% were
      aggressive toward people in a stallion-like manner. This occurrence of problem
      behavior was not significantly different from the occurrence of these behavioral
      patterns in 46 geldings that had been castrated as stallions (over 3 years of
      age). When castration was examined as a therapeutic measure to eliminate sexual
      and aggressive behavior in stallions in which the behavior had become
      objectionable, it was found that the operation was effective on sexual behavior
      and aggression toward people in 60% to 70% of horses and on aggression toward
      horses in 40% of horses.

PMID- 4038699
TI  - Vaginal evisceration of the small intestine in three mares.
AB  - Three mares were treated for vaginal evisceration of a portion of the small
      intestine. Evisceration occurred in 2 mares shortly after breeding accidents in
      which the stallion's penis penetrated the vaginal fornix dorsal to the cervix.
      The affected bowel was replaced through the laceration, and the vaginal defects
      were sutured with the mares standing, utilizing epidural anesthesia. One mare
      recovered without complications, was subsequently bred, and delivered a foal with
      no difficulty. The other mare developed signs of a strangulating small intestinal
      obstruction 24 hours after the injury, necessitating exploratory celiotomy. Two
      meters of small intestine had become devitalized secondary to avulsion of the
      mesentery and adjacent vascular supply during the evisceration. The affected
      portion was resected and a jejunocecostomy was performed. Recovery was
      uncomplicated and 21 months later the mare was 9 months in foal. A third mare was
      treated unsuccessfully for evisceration of several meters of small intestine
      through the external urethral orifice after rupture of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 4038701
TI  - Behavior and performance of weanling pigs in pens equipped with hide areas.
AB  - Two-hundred eighty crossbred pigs were used to determine the efficacy of hide
      areas (hides) in reducing young pigs' aggressive activity during social stress
      and the effect of access to hides on young pigs' productive performance. In Exp.
      1, 80 pigs were kept in littermate groups of five/pen in 16 home pens. Then one
      pig was randomly selected from each of four pens, and the four were regrouped in
      either a control pen or a pen equipped with three hides (each a 20 X 23 X 25 cm
      box) in one of the walls. Behavior was time-lapse video-recorded for 90 min. Time
      spent either eating (head-in-feeder) or lying was not affected by access to
      hides. Pigs with hides to use in escaping attack fought less during the initial
      30 min after regrouping. They spent an average of 5.5% of the time with heads
      hidden during the entire 90-min observation period. Experiment 2 employed 200
      pigs in a performance study designed to evaluate effects of regrouping and access
      to hides on body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency. There were 10
      replicates of each of four treatments: (a) regrouped-control pen, (b) regrouped
      hide pen, (c) littermates-control pen and (d) littermates-hide pen. During the
      first 7 d of the 21-d trial, treatments tended to interact in affecting both
      average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency; littermates in control pens
      had the highest performance, those regrouped in hide pens were intermediate and
      those in regrouped-control pen and littermates-hide pen treatment groups had the
      poorest performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038700
TI  - Raw soybeans for gestating swine.
AB  - An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of feeding ground raw
      soybeans to swine during gestation on reproductive performance for three
      consecutive parities. Sixty crossbred gilts were bred and randomly assigned to
      two dietary treatments with 30 gilts/treatment. The diets were formulated to
      contain 14% crude protein with either soybean meal (SBM) or raw soybeans (RSB)
      serving as the source of supplemental protein. All animals were fed in individual
      gestation stalls and were given 1.81 kg of feed/d. Upon entering the farrowing
      house at approximately 110 d of gestation, all animals, regardless of previous
      treatment, were fed the same lactation diet (15% protein corn-soybean meal diet)
      until the pigs were weaned (28 d). After completing three parities, 88 of a
      possible 90 litters were farrowed by each dietary group. Total number of live
      pigs at parturition and 21 d for three parities were: (SBM) 887, 732 and (RSB)
      924, 765, respectively. Average pig birth and 21-d weights for each dietary group
      were (SBM) 1.52, 5.42 and (RSB) 1.59, 5.41 kg, respectively. Pigs from dams fed
      RSB had higher average pig birth weights (P less than .05), but weaning weights
      were not affected. There were no significant differences in maternal weight
      changes during gestation. Milk samples were collected within 6 h after
      parturition, 3 and 14 d of lactation. Percentage milk fat for each time period
      was: (SBM) 5.6, 9.0, 7.0 and (RSB) 6.3, 10.7, 6.5, respectively. Sows fed RSB had
      a higher milk fat at 3 d (P less than .05) but a lower milk fat at 14 d (P less
      than .1) than did the sows fed SBM. The study indicated RSB can be effectively
      utilized in gestation diets fed to swine.

PMID- 4038702
TI  - Cortisol response of gilts in tether stalls.
AB  - Several experiments were conducted to evaluate serum cortisol concentrations and
      the circadian rhythm of this hormone in gilts tethered in stalls. Control animals
      were penned individually. In the initial experiment, 18 nongravid gilts were
      placed in tether stalls after being in either tether stalls or individual pens
      for 2 wk. No significant differences were found in serum cortisol concentrations.
      In a second experiment, 16 ovariectomized gilts were placed in tether stalls or
      individual pens for up to 5 wk. Estrus was induced during wk 3 and 4. During the
      first day in tether stalls, serum cortisol concentrations increased (P less than
      .05) and the circadian rhythm of cortisol was disrupted for 4 d. During estrus,
      the circadian rhythm of cortisol was interrupted for several days in the gilts,
      regardless of housing. After 4 wk, morning concentrations of cortisol were higher
      for gilts in tether stalls. The results indicate that: 1) the initial response to
      tethering varies according to previous penning and handling experience, 2)
      although the circadian rhythm of cortisol was either altered or disrupted during
      estrus, such disruptions were not influenced by type of penning and 3) tether
      stalls may chronically increase cortisol concentrations in gilts.

PMID- 4038703
TI  - Management of cryptosporidiosis.

PMID- 4038704
TI  - Regulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase in Rhodotorula glutinis.
AB  - In the red yeast Rhodotorula glutinis, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was
      induced 10-fold during carbon starvation even in the absence of exogenous
      phenylalanine, although maximal induction occurred when phenylalanine was the
      nitrogen (40-fold) or carbon (100-fold) source. Apparent regulatory mutations
      that affected the expression of PAL were isolated by selecting mutants resistant
      to the analog p-fluoro-D,L-phenylalanine (PFP). One such mutant, designated FP1,
      could use phenylalanine as a nitrogen source but not as a carbon source.
      Similarly, FP1 failed to utilize intermediates of the phenylalanine degradative
      pathway, namely, benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate, or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, as carbon
      sources. Although the PFP-resistant mutant contained a low level of PAL, no
      increase was found when it was grown with phenylalanine as the nitrogen source. A
      derivative of FP1, FP1a, was isolated that simultaneously regained an inducible
      PAL and the ability to use phenylalanine, benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate, and 3,4
      dihydroxybenzoate as carbon sources. In addition, when p-hydroxybenzoate was the
      carbon source, PAL was induced in the mutant FP1a but not in the PFP-sensitive
      parental strain. We propose that the mutation to PFP resistance occurred in a
      regulatory gene that controls the entire phenylalanine degradative pathway.
      Secondary mutations at this locus, as found in strain FP1a, not only restored
      expression of this pathway, but also altered the induction of PAL by metabolites
      of this pathway.

PMID- 4038705
TI  - Inhibition of lipases by proteins. A kinetic study with dicaprin monolayers.
AB  - We report further investigations on protein inhibition of pancreatic and
      microbial lipases carried out with the monolayer technique. When beta
      lactoglobulin A, melittin, serum albumin, myoglobin, and a protein inhibiting
      lipase from soybean were preincubated with a dicaprin film at a surface pressure
      of 35 dynes/cm, no activity was detected with horse pancreatic or Rhizopus
      delemar lipases. By contrast, Rhizopus arrhizus and Geotrichum candidum lipase
      activities were not impaired under the same conditions. Experiments using mixed
      lipid-protein film transfer clearly show that the inhibition of pancreatic lipase
      is due to the protein associated with lipid and not caused by direct protein
      enzyme interaction in the aqueous phase. Three parameters were used to determine
      the surface properties of the various proteins at the dicaprin/water interface;
      namely, the initial rate of surface pressure increase, (delta pi/delta t)t = 0,
      the maximal surface pressure increase, delta pi max, and the critical surface
      pressure, pi c. A positive correlation was observed between values of (delta
      pi/delta t)t = 0 of proteins and their respective capacity to inhibit pancreatic
      and R. delemar lipases. By contrast, there was no apparent correlation with the
      two other parameters, delta pi max or pi c.

PMID- 4038706
TI  - Effect of bilayer cholesterol content on reconstituted human erythrocyte sugar
      transporter activity.
AB  - The influence of altered bilayer cholesterol content on the catalytic activity of
      the human red cell hexose transporter was examined by reconstitution of the
      transport protein (band 4.5) into bilayers of large unilamellar vesicles formed
      from dipalmitoyl lecithin and varying amounts of cholesterol. The physical state
      of the bilayers was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The major
      findings are as follows: changes in bilayer phase behavior occur at membrane
      cholesterol levels of 15 to 20 mol % and 30 to 40 mol %; and the catalytic
      activity of the reconstituted transporter (Vmax/transporter) correlates with
      bilayer phase behavior. In crystalline bilayers, this is seen as an abrupt,
      stimulation of activity at 15 mol % cholesterol (which is reversed at 17.5 mol %)
      and a gradual acceleration of activity between 30 to 40 mol % cholesterol. In
      fluid bilayers (where activity is high), activity is unaffected by 10, 20, and 30
      mol % cholesterol. However, 12.5 and 17.5 mol % cholesterol reduce activity by
      100-fold. These studies demonstrate that small changes in bilayer cholesterol
      content result in drastic alterations in transporter activity. Transporter
      sensitivity to cholesterol is a complex rather than monotonic function of bilayer
      cholesterol content and appears to be primarily determined by bilayer composition
      rather than by bilayer "fluidity."

PMID- 4038707
TI  - Initiation of DNA replication at the primary origin of bacteriophage T7 by
      purified proteins. Initiation of bidirectional synthesis.
AB  - Replication of bacteriophage T7 DNA initiates in vivo at an origin located 15% of
      the distance from the genetic left end of the chromosome. Bidirectional DNA
      synthesis from this site results in complete replication of the chromosome. The
      combination of T7 RNA polymerase, T7 DNA polymerase, and T7 gene 4 protein
      initiates DNA synthesis in vitro within the cloned origin sequence (Fuller, C.
      W., and Richardson, C. C. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260: 3185-3196). DNA synthesis is
      primed by T7 RNA polymerase transcripts, and proceeds in the same direction
      (rightward) as transcription to yield partially replicated Y-form DNA molecules.
      The DNA product of in vitro synthesis (Y-form DNA) has been characterized by
      electron microscopic, sedimentation, and gel electrophoretic analyses. These
      studies show that Y-form DNA is the product of unidirectional replication of both
      leading and lagging strands from the origin to the right-hand end of the
      template. The inclusion of either Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding
      protein or the functionally similar T7 gene 2.5 protein results in marked
      stimulation of bidirectional synthesis. Studies using purified Y-form DNA provide
      direct evidence that this species is an intermediate in the complete replication
      of the linear template. Purified Y-form DNA is converted to linear DNA in a
      reaction catalyzed by T7 DNA polymerase, T7 gene 4 protein, and single-stranded
      DNA-binding protein. Y-form DNA is a competent, transient intermediate during the
      bidirectional replication of linear DNA molecules and DNA-binding protein is
      essential to initiate leftward synthesis.

PMID- 4038708
TI  - Quaternary structure and composition of squash NADH:nitrate reductase.
AB  - NADH:nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) was isolated from squash cotyledons
      (Cucurbita maxima L.) by a combination of Blue Sepharose and zinc-chelate
      affinity chromatographies followed by gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-1.5m. These
      preparations gave a single protein staining band (Mr = 115,000) on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate gel electrophoresis, indicating that the enzyme is homogeneous. The
      native Mr of nitrate reductase was found to be 230,000, with a minor form of Mr =
      420,000 also occurring. These results indicate that the native nitrate reductase
      is a homodimer of Mr = 115,000 subunits. Acidic amino acids predominate over
      basic amino acids, as shown both by the amino acid composition of the enzyme and
      an isoelectric point for nitrate reductase of 5.7. The homogeneous nitrate
      reductase had a UV/visible spectrum typical of a b-type cytochrome. The enzyme
      was found to contain one each of flavin (as FAD), heme iron, molybdenum, and Mo
      pterin/Mr = 115,000 subunit. A model is proposed for squash nitrate reductase in
      which two Mr = 115,000 subunits are joined to made the native enzyme. Each
      subunit contains 1 eq of FAD, cytochrome b, and molybdenum/Mo-pterin.

PMID- 4038711
TI  - Regression analysis of data with correlated errors: an example from the NHLBI
      twin study.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies often involve genetically related individuals, spouses, or
      repeat observations on the same individual. When regression analysis is required
      in such studies, significant correlation of the residuals may affect the
      estimates of the standard errors of the regression coefficients. Ordinary least
      squares may not provide the best (minimum variance) estimates of the regression
      coefficients. Generalized least squares (weighted least squares) is more
      appropriate when the covariance matrix of the errors is known or can be estimated
      with some degree of confidence. Data from a twin study of pulmonary function were
      analyzed by three different regression techniques and comparisons of the
      coefficients and standard errors are made to illustrate the potential effects of
      correlated errors.

PMID- 4038710
TI  - Lymphocyte mechanical response triggered by cross-linking surface receptors.
AB  - Using a recently developed method (Petersen, N. O., W. B. McConnaughey, and E. L.
      Elson, 1982, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 79:5327-5331), we have measured changes
      in the deformability of lymphocytes triggered by cross-linking cell surface
      proteins. Our study was motivated by two previously demonstrated phenomena: the
      redistribution ("capping") of cross-linked surface immunoglobulin (sIg) on B
      lymphocytes and the inhibition of capping and lateral diffusion ("anchorage
      modulation") of sIg by the tetravalent lectin Concanavalin A (Con A). Both
      capping and anchorage modulation are initiated by cross-linking cell surface
      proteins and both require participation of the cytoskeleton. We have shown that
      the resistance of lymphocytes to deformation strongly increased when sIg or Con A
      acceptors were cross-linked. We have measured changes in deformability in terms
      of an empirical "stiffness" parameter, defined as the rate at which the force of
      cellular compression increases with the extent of compression. For untreated
      cells the stiffness was approximately 0.15 mdyn/micron; for cells treated with
      antibodies against sIg or with Con A the stiffness increased to approximately 0.6
      or 0.4 mdyn/micron, respectively. The stiffness decreased after completion of the
      capping of sIg. The increases in stiffness could be reversed to various extents
      by cytochalasin D and by colchicine. The need for cross-linking was demonstrated
      by the failure both of monovalent Fab' fragments of the antibodies against sIg
      and of succinylated Con A (a poor cross-linker) to cause an increase in
      stiffness. We conclude that capping and anchorage modulation involve changes in
      the lymphocyte cytoskeleton and possibly other cytoplasmic properties, which
      increase the cellular viscoelastic resistance to deformation. Similar increases
      in cell stiffness could be produced by exposing cells to hypertonic medium, azide
      ions, and to a calcium ionophore in the presence of calcium ions. These results
      shed new light on the capabilities of the lymphocyte cytoskeleton and its role in
      capping and anchorage modulation. They also demonstrate that measurements of
      cellular deformability can characterize changes in cytoskeletal functions
      initiated by signals originating at the cell surface.

PMID- 4038709
TI  - Comparison of Ca++-regulated events in the intestinal brush border.
AB  - The intestinal epithelial cell and specifically the cytoskeleton of the brush
      border are thought to be controlled by micromolar levels of free calcium. Calcium
      binding proteins of this system include intestinal calcium binding protein
      (CaBP), calmodulin (CaM), villin, and a 36,000-mol-wt protein substrate of
      tyrosine kinases. To assess the sequence of events as the intracellular Ca++
      level rises, we determined the amount of CaM and CaBP in the intestinal
      epithelium by western blotting and tested the Ca++ binding of CaM and CaBP by
      equilibrium dialysis. The Ca++-dependent actin severing activity of villin was
      analyzed in the presence of physiological CaM levels and increasing calcium
      concentrations. In addition, we analyzed the Ca++ levels required for interaction
      between CaM and the microvillus 110,000-mol-wt protein as well as fodrin and the
      interaction between a polypeptide of 36,000 mol wt (P-36) and actin. The results
      suggest that CaBP serves as the predominant Ca++ buffer in the cell, but CaM can
      effectively buffer ionic calcium in the microvillus and thus protect actin from
      the severing activity of villin. CaM binds to its cytoskeletal receptors, 110,000
      mol-wt protein and fodrin differently, governed by the free Ca++ and pH. The
      interaction between P-36 and actin, however, appears to require an
      unphysiologically high calcium concentration (10(-4) to 10(-3) M) to be
      meaningful. The results provide a coherent picture of the different Ca++
      regulated events occurring when the free calcium rises into the micromolar level
      in this unique system. This study would suggest that as the Ca++ rises in the
      intestinal epithelial cell an ordered sequence of Ca++ saturation of
      intracellular receptors occurs with the order from the lowest to highest Ca++
      requirements being CaBP less than CaM less than villin less than P-36.

PMID- 4038712
TI  - Diurnal hypersecretion of growth hormone in depression.
AB  - A 24-h profile of plasma GH concentrations was obtained together with polygraphic
      recordings of sleep in 16 men suffering from a major depressive disorder (8
      unipolar and 8 bipolar) and in 8 age- and sex-matched normal men. None of the
      patients had any physical illness. All were studied after a drug-free period of
      at least 15 days. Blood was sampled every 15 min. The amount of GH released in
      every significant secretory spike was estimated using a computer program. Both
      unipolar and bipolar depressed patients secreted more GH than normal men (mean +/
      SD, 441 +/- 189 micrograms/24 h for unipolar depressed men; 357 +/- 143
      micrograms/24 h for bipolar depressed men vs. 172 +/- 101 micrograms/24 h for
      normal men (P less than 0.01). This hypersecretion occurred during waking hours
      rather than during sleep. The increase in daytime GH release was more marked in
      unipolar depressed patients. During sleep, depressed patients and normal men
      secreted similar amounts of GH despite an overall reduction in slow wave stages
      in depressed patients. An early sleep GH increase was found in all but one of the
      normal men, but was absent in seven of the eight unipolar depressed patients, who
      had, instead, a presleep increase in between 2100-0000 h. No consistent
      disturbance of the temporal association between sleep onset and GH secretion was
      found in bipolar depressed patients.

PMID- 4038713
TI  - Pituitary-testicular axis dysfunction in burned men.
AB  - Plasma total testosterone, free testosterone, LH, and sex hormone-binding
      globulin (testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin) were measured in adult men
      hospitalized for treatment of burns. Total testosterone was below the normal
      range in 37 of 41 patients. Free and total testosterone levels declined very
      rapidly after the burn, remained low for weeks, and rose toward the end of
      hospitalization, but usually had not reached normal levels at discharge. The more
      severe the burns, the lower were the testosterone levels. LH levels were below
      normal during the first 4 days after the burn and remained in the low or mid
      normal range thereafter. Sex hormone-binding globulin levels were normal or
      slightly low. The data suggest the presence of a central defect in the release of
      LH. Large doses of opiate analgesics or an increase in endogenous opiate peptides
      related to severe persistent pain might be contributing factors to the pituitary
      testicular hypofunction found in burned men.

PMID- 4038714
TI  - The concurrence of hypoparathyroidism provides new insights to the
      pathophysiology of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets.
AB  - Controversy exists over the role that PTH and extracellular fluid calcium
      concentration may play in modulation of the renal phosphate transport defect in X
      linked hypophosphatemic rickets. In previous studies, administration of PTH to
      affected subjects resulted in an increase or no effect on renal phosphate
      excretion, while calcium infusion increased renal tubular phosphate transport. In
      contrast, patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and hyperparathyroidism
      have no change in their renal phosphate wasting after parathyroidectomy. However,
      none of these were permanently hypoparathyroid postoperatively. We describe a
      patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in whom we proved the coexistence of X
      linked hypophosphatemic rickets using family history and dental abnormalities.
      Initially, the patient had a mean serum calcium level of 5.6 +/- 0.07 (+/- SE)
      mg/dl and a renal tubular maximum for reabsorption of phosphate per liter
      glomerular filtrate (TmP/GFR) of 6.5 +/- 0.46 mg/dl. Hypoparathyroidism was
      confirmed, and therapy with vitamin D (50,000 U/day) and calcium (1,000 mg/day)
      was begun. On this regimen, serum calcium rose to 8.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl, and TmP/GFR
      declined to 2.59 +/- 0.12 mg/dl. Bone biopsy revealed the persistence of
      osteomalacia. Subsequently, therapy with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1.0
      microgram/day) was initiated, and serum calcium rose to 9.6 +/- 0.07 mg/dl, and
      TmP/GFR declined to 1.79 +/- 0.16 mg/dl. The prevailing serum calcium level
      correlated inversely with the TmP/GFR (r2 = 0.91; P less than 0.001). These data
      indicate that calcium and/or PTH are involved in modulation of the renal
      phosphate transport defect in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets.

PMID- 4038715
TI  - Homologous and heterologous growth hormones fail to stimulate avian cartilage
      growth in vitro.
AB  - Recent reports that GH has a direct effect on growing cartilage have raised
      questions as to the role of somatomedins (Sm) in cartilage growth. To test the
      hypothesis that GH directly stimulates cartilage growth, we added homologous and
      heterologous GHs to organ cultures of embryonic chick pelvic cartilage. Pelvic
      rudiments from 9-day-old chick embryos were incubated in serum-free medium for 3
      days in medium alone or medium containing chicken GH, turkey GH, bovine GH, human
      GH, and bovine GH produced by recombinant DNA methodology. None of the GH
      preparations studied stimulated avian cartilage growth in vitro. However,
      cartilage wet weight increased in response to sera from normal and growth hormone
      treated hypophysectomized rats. In addition, 20 ng/ml purified Sm-C caused a 78%
      increase in cartilage weight above that of cartilage incubated in medium alone.
      Insulin also caused an increase in cartilage weight, but in concentrations 50,000
      100,000 times that of Sm-C. Our studies demonstrate that homologous and
      heterologous GH have no effect on growing avian cartilage and support the
      hypothesis that Sm directly mediate cartilage growth.

PMID- 4038716
TI  - Changes in sex hormone-binding globulin binding capacity and percent free
      estradiol during development in the female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta):
      relation to the metabolic clearance rate of estradiol.
AB  - Circulating sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity and percent free
      estradiol (% free E2) were measured in separate groups of female rhesus monkeys
      from 2 months of age through adulthood (greater than 4.5 yr old). The SHBG
      concentration alone was also measured in 11 adult and 6 sexually immature animals
      on the same day as the blood MCR of E2. Serum SHBG levels were the highest
      (range, 12-25 micrograms T/dl) and the % free E2 the lowest (0.88%) in animals 6
      months old or less. After the age, serum SHBG binding capacity declined generally
      at an average rate of 0.11 SHBG U (microgram T/dl)/month toward a nadir in
      adulthood. There was no difference in the SHBG levels in the follicular or luteal
      phase of the menstrual cycle. The relative blood MCR E2 and circulating SHBG
      binding capacity were significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in the sexually
      immature animals [MCR E2, 48.4 +/- 5.2 (SEM) liters/day . kg body wt; SHBG, 9.8
      +/- 1.0 microgram T/dl, n = 6] than in adult animals (MCR E2, 27.7 +/- 1.7
      liters/day kg body wt; SHBG, 4.6 +/- 0.3 microgram T/dl, n = 11). There was no
      relation between the MCR E2 and circulating SHBG levels within each group of
      adult or immature animals. The mean % free E2 doubled (to 1.6%) between 1 and 54
      months of age; there was no relation between total circulating E2 and % free E2.
      Although a high SHBG binding capacity and a low % free E2 in the circulation of
      the immature animal does not inhibit the metabolic clearance of E2; it remains
      possible that these factors (and others) may hinder the access of E2 to
      reproductive target tissues and thereby contribute to the slow acquisition of
      reproductive competence in this species.

PMID- 4038717
TI  - Detection of methionine-enkephalin at the 10(-16) mole level.
AB  - A high performance radioimmunoassay for Met5-enkephalin has been developed, using
      two ways to circumvent the difficulties of obtaining such an assay for the opiate
      peptides. First, hemocyanin was used as the carrier for the antigen and secondly,
      a new iodination method for Met5-enkephalin was established, resulting in a
      [125I]probe with an intact methionyl residue. The Met5-enkephalin antibodies
      exhibited a very high affinity (Kd = 5 X 10(-12) M) and Met5-enkephalin could be
      detected at the 10(-16) mole level. The Met5-enkephalin content of individual
      cervical ganglia and individual cochlea was measured. We also measured the Met5
      enkephalin content of brain from different areas of two rat strains: no
      significant differences were found.

PMID- 4038718
TI  - Masson's pseudoangiosarcoma of the tongue: report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of Masson's vegetant intravascular hemangioendothelioma localized on
      the tongue are reported. This lesion has sometimes been confused histologically
      with angiosarcoma but always behaves in a benign fashion.

PMID- 4038719
TI  - Clinical improvement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after inferior myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - In cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the pathophysiologic role of the
      systolic pressure gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract is the
      subject of continued controversy. A patient with this disorder is described whose
      symptoms and provokable intraventricular gradient disappeared after inferior
      myocardial infarction. Diastolic left ventricular pressures were essentially
      unchanged, the isovolumic relaxation period became prolonged and the ejection
      fraction decreased from 0.77 to 0.61 after infarction. The peak ejection rate was
      unchanged, but the disappearance of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve
      leaflet and obstructive manifestations may have resulted from enlarged mid to
      late systolic ventricular volumes. This case suggests a direct relation between
      symptoms and intraventricular pressure gradient in certain patients with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4038720
TI  - Progesterone and luteinizing hormone secretion following stress-induced
      interruption of constant estrus in aged rats.
AB  - Concentrations of progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured during
      the first diestrus and subsequent proestrus after constant estrous was
      interrupted by restraint stress. Stress stimulated an acute increase in serum
      progesterone. Although stress resulted in changes in vaginal cytology
      characteristic of normal estrous cycles, stress-treated constant estrous (CE)
      rats had no midcycle (diestrous day 1) elevation of progesterone and markedly
      lower LH and progesterone during the afternoon of proestrous than age-matched
      normally cycling controls. The majority of the treated rats resumed CE without
      completing a cycle. In a separate experiment, progesterone injection during
      proestrous resulted in increased LH secretion in aging rats with normal estrous
      cycles. These data indicate that decreased proestrous progesterone secretion may
      contribute to the decrease in neuro-endocrine stimulation of proestrous
      gonadotropin secretion in the aged rat and may be associated with the initiation
      of CE.

PMID- 4038721
TI  - Experimental infection of hamsters with Campylobacter jejuni.
AB  - Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of diarrhea and enterocolitis in humans and
      animals. A mammalian model has been developed for studying pathogenesis of the
      disease in hamsters by colonizing the ileum and cecum with C. jejuni via either
      oral intubation after purgation or direct surgical inoculation into the cecum.
      This colonization resulted in production of disease including diarrhea and
      intestinal lesions that resembles enterocolitis due to C. jejuni in humans and
      domestic animals. The mucosal lesions observed grossly at autopsy included
      erythema of the ileum and cecum and distention of the cecum with fluid. The cecal
      mucosa was edematous. Epithelial lesions observed by light microscopy included
      focal edema, occasional hyperplasia, diffuse hyperemia, and infiltration of the
      lamina propria with leukocytes. C. jejuni-like bacteria penetrated the epithelium
      and were observed within the lamina propria of infected animals but not in
      uninfected controls.

PMID- 4038722
TI  - [Studies on combined effect of hyperthermia and MTX to choriocarcinoma cell line
      (BeWo)].
AB  - Changes in cell growth and hormone production of the choriocarcinoma cell line
      BeWo were studied to determine the manner in which the change in the cell cycle
      due to antimetabolite MTX affects heat sensitivity. First of all, BeWo was
      treated with 10(-7)M-MTX for 48 hrs. on day 4. And heat (43 degrees C for 1 h.)
      was applied at various stages after MTX removal on day 6. At the same time, the
      change in the cell cycle induced by MTX was studied by autoradiography. The
      labeling index (L.I.), which was increasing until 90% by MTX exposure, still
      remained more than 80% up to 5 hrs. after MTX removal and then decreased to about
      43% at 9 hrs. after MTX removal. The greatest effect on cell growth and HCG
      production was seen when heat was applied within 5 hrs. after MTX removal. And
      these 5 hrs. corresponded to the time when the L.I. was as high as 80 to 90%.
      When heat was applied more than 6 hrs. after MTX removal, the heat sensitivity
      was reduced in proportion to the degree of decrease in the L.I. These findings
      suggest that the change in the cell cycle induced by MTX has the greatest effect
      on the heat sensitivity of BeWo. It is therefore possible to conclude that
      synchronization of BeWo with S phase by using MTX or possibly other
      antimetabolites is very important in the application of hyperthermia.

PMID- 4038723
TI  - [A summary of the experience with cisplatin in the treatment of gynecological
      malignancies, with special reference to advanced ovarian cancer].
AB  - This report summarizes the results on the evaluation of Cisplatin in
      gynecological malignancies. A total of 51 evaluable cases, comprises 29 of which
      were advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer and 22 of other gynecological
      malignancies. The main results are summarized as follow: The overall efficacy
      rate was 58.3% on ovarian cancer and 13.6% on other malignancies. Seen
      histologically, almost the same good overall efficacy rates were obtained in all
      types except for the mesonephroid type. When Cisplatin therapy is used in
      combination with surgery, the preoperative use provides a higher efficacy rate
      (68.2%) than the postoperative use (28.6%). Also cases with a Second Look
      Operation showed a much higher one year survival rate (80.0%) than those of the
      cases without S.L.O. (25.0%). From these results, it is deduced that Cisplatin is
      the most useful agent for induction chemotherapy for S.L.O. on advanced ovarian
      cancer. The side effects observed were milder than those of anti-cancer drugs
      known so far with the usual dosage, and no fetal damage was observed.

PMID- 4038724
TI  - [Correlation between progesterone and plasminogen activator in rat ovaries during
      the ovulatory process].
AB  - The role of progesterone in the action of hCG on follicular rupture is unclear at
      present. In this present study, we investigated the correlation between the
      preovulatory increase in progesterone and the periovulatory increase in
      plasminogen activator (PA) activities was completely suppressed with simultaneous
      injection with hCG of a minimum effective dose of cycloheximide to block
      ovulation completely. Suppression of hCG-induced acute rise of preovulatory
      progesterone after simultaneous injection with hCG of a minimum effective dose of
      cyanoketone to block ovulation completely, was accompanied by an only partial but
      significant suppression of hCG-induced increase in PA activities. Furthermore
      this suppression of PA activities after concurrent injection of cyanoketone with
      hCG was reversed by a supplementary injection of a dose of progesterone which was
      enough to restore ovulatory responses completely against the inhibitory action of
      cyanoketone. These facts suggest that PA in rat ovaries is synthesized de novo
      and progesterone may be responsible for the increase of PA in rat ovaries during
      the periovulatory process.

PMID- 4038725
TI  - [Methodological study for human in-vitro fertilization related to maturity of
      gametes].
AB  - The correlations with maturity of gametes and fertilizability was studied.
      Specimens of semen were treated by several methods for induction of capacitation
      and acrosome reaction (AR). Follicular oocytes were recovered with endoscopic
      aspiration procedures, and divided to two groups: 1, maturing in vivo
      (preovulatory) and 2, immature. Immature oocytes were divided further into two
      subgroups: 1, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and 2, first polar body formation
      (FPB), after maturation culture. The sperms treated with the centrifuge
      trypsinization-layering method showed a higher incidence of in-vitro
      fertilization (69.2%) and cleavage (51.3%) of human preovulatory eggs compared
      with other capacitation inducing methods. It was found that human spermatozoa
      that have undergone the acrosome reaction prior to zona attachment are capable of
      fertilizing eggs under the in vitro conditions. On the estimation of
      fertilizability with reference to egg maturity, 52.5% (21/40) of IMIV-GVBD and
      64.7% (22/34) of IMIV-FPB eggs were fertilized. However, only 12.5% (5/40) of
      IMIV-GVBD and 11.8% (4/34) of IMIV-FPB eggs cleaved. These results showed that
      IMIV eggs had fair fertilizability, but no developmental capacity after the first
      cleavage. This may due to prematurity of the cytoplasm in IMIV eggs.

PMID- 4038726
TI  - Acute and latent mastoiditis in children.
AB  - During the period from 1974 to 1981, surgery for acute mastoiditis was performed
      on 12 ears, giving an annual incidence of 0.004 per cent among cases of acute
      otitis media. All ears made a full long-term recovery. The low incidence is
      ascribed to the world-wide early use of antibiotics. During the same period 52
      ears with secretory otitis media (SOM) underwent mastoidectomy. Histologically
      extensive mastoid inflammation was found in 96 per cent. The changes appeared as
      formation of secretory cells and cysts, resorption of bone, and infiltration of
      soft tissues with both mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The
      number of SOM patients undergoing mastoid operations account for 1.4 per cent of
      the patients admitted to hospital because of SOM. Thirty-four ears (65 per cent)
      have healed during the follow-up period (mean 2.9 years), while the tympanostomy
      tube is still in place in 18 ears (35 per cent). In the latter group, factors
      causing oedema in the pharyngeal end of the Eustachian tube are apparently still
      present.

PMID- 4038728
TI  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in childhood: Part I.

PMID- 4038727
TI  - Evaluation of the contribution of dietary cholesterol to hypercholesterolemia in
      diabetic rats and of sitosterol as a recovery standard for cholesterol
      absorption.
AB  - The contribution of dietary cholesterol to hypercholesterolemia in diabetic rats
      fed chow ad libitum was evaluated. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin, and
      the intake, absorption, and subsequent tissue distribution of dietary cholesterol
      were measured. Absorption was measured as the difference between [3H]cholesterol
      intake and fecal 3H-labeled neutral sterol excretion, using both [14C]sitosterol
      (added to diet) and [14C]cholesterol (added to feces) as recovery markers.
      [3H]Cholesterol absorption was underestimated by 1-3% using [14C]sitosterol as a
      recovery standard, due to the 7-8% absorption of sitosterol. After 3 weeks of
      diabetes, rats were hyperphagic, thereby increasing dietary cholesterol intake 2
      fold. [3H]Cholesterol absorption was significantly increased from 69% in controls
      to 78% in diabetics, whereas [14C]sitosterol absorption was unaffected. With
      increased dietary cholesterol intake and decreased whole body cholesterol
      synthesis (Diabetes. 1983. 32: 811-819), influx from diet equaled for exceeded
      influx from synthesis. The amounts of 3H-labeled neutral sterol recovered from
      the small intestine, periphery, and plasma were increased 3- to 4-fold in the
      diabetic rats. Furthermore, the degree of hypercholesterolemia in diabetic rats
      was directly related to the fraction of plasma cholesterol derived from the diet.
      We conclude that the 2.3-fold increase in absorbed dietary cholesterol resulting
      from hyperphagia and, to a lesser extent, from increased fractional absorption,
      contributes to the hypercholesterolemia of diabetic rats fed chow ad libitum.

PMID- 4038729
TI  - Effects of restricted maternal contact in neonatal rats on sexual behaviour in
      the adult.
AB  - Rats, deprived of maternal contact and nutrition every alternate day starting on
      day 5 of life, attained a body weight at 45 days of age which was 50% of that of
      rats which had free access to maternal contact and nutrition. After 55 days of
      unrestricted food availability the body weight of the neonatally deprived rats
      was approximately 15% lower than that of the controls. Malnourished female rats
      showed normal behavioural oestrous cycles and became pregnant and lactated
      normally as young adults. After ovariectomy they showed higher lordosis quotients
      in response to treatment with oestradiol benzoate and progesterone than controls
      but lost less body weight in response to treatment with oestradiol-filled
      constant-release implants. Malnourished male rats ejaculated less frequently than
      controls in tests with sexually receptive female rats but this difference
      disappeared with repeated testing. The malnourished males showed longer
      ejaculation latencies and had somewhat higher serum concentrations of LH than
      controls after castration and treatment with testosterone-filled constant-release
      implants which reduced serum androgen concentrations to about 30% of the intact
      level. The results show that rats are capable of sustaining a rather severe
      neonatal nutritional deprivation without losing the capacity for essentially
      normal mating behaviour in adulthood.

PMID- 4038730
TI  - Methylphenidate and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura--is there an association?

PMID- 4038731
TI  - Annual testicular cycle of the lizard Anolis carolinensis: effects of
      pinealectomy and melatonin.
AB  - The effects of pinealectomy and exogenous melatonin treatment on the reproductive
      system of male anoles were examined at several different times of year. In
      September pinealectomy of anoles exposed to either a stimulatory LD 14:10 light
      cycle or a nonstimulatory LD 10:14 light cycle induced significant testicular
      growth and development over that observed in sham-operated anoles. At a
      nonphotosensitive time of year (December) pinealectomy also had a significant
      progonadal effect but no effect of pinealectomy was seen in February-March. Daily
      melatonin injections given either in the morning or afternoon (or both) failed to
      block gonadal growth either (1) in sham-operated or pinealectomized anoles
      exposed to LD 14:10 in the fall or (2) in pinealectomized lizards exposed to LD
      10:14 in the fall. Continuous melatonin administration via subcutaneous silastic
      implants blocked the progonadal effects of pinealectomy in the winter (December).
      The results show that pinealectomy can have significant progonadal effects; these
      effects are seasonal but can encompass phases of the annual testicular cycle
      which are either photoperiod-dependent or temperature-dependent; and melatonin
      may be a reproductively active factor involved.

PMID- 4038732
TI  - Cortical reaction and zona hardening in mouse oocytes following exposure to
      ethanol.
AB  - Mouse oocytes were treated with 8% ethanol for 3-6 min. The rate and pathways of
      parthenogenetic activation, occurrence of cortical reaction, and zona solubility
      changes were assessed in alcohol-treated eggs. The incidence of parthenogenetic
      activation was greatest (91%) after 3-4-min exposure, and it was reduced (84%)
      after 5-6-min exposure to alcohol. Also, the rate of haploid single pronucleate
      parthenogenones decreased and the rate of fragmented ova increased with increase
      time of exposure to ethanol. Ultrastructural observations showed occurrence of
      cortical reaction, disappearance and subsequent reappearance of short microvilli.
      A slight damage occurred to the ER in alcohol-exposed ova. The zona dissolution
      assay utilizing alpha-chymotrypsin demonstrated decreased solubility of the zonae
      pellucidae after exposure to alcohol. The zona dissolution t50 increased from 0.5
      2.5 min in nontreated unfertilized oocytes to about 4 h in activated ova. The t50
      of in vivo fertilized eggs was 4 1/2 h. Empty zonae exposed to alcohol lysed at
      the same rate as nontreated control zonae did. The results indicate that
      activation of mouse oocytes with alcohol initiates completion of meiosis and
      triggers the cortical reaction, which results in subsequent hardening of the zona
      pellucida.

PMID- 4038733
TI  - An ovarian regression syndrome in the platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus.
AB  - The highly inbred Coatzacoalcos (Cp) strain of the platyfish, Xiphophorus
      maculatus, was noted for a high percentage of infertile females (XX). The ovaries
      of approximately one-quarter of all females regress. The time of gonadal atrophy
      varied from before sexual maturation up to 11 months of age. The gonadotropic
      zone of the pituitary was hypertrophied in regressed females. Transplants of
      immature testes and ovarian tissue into the caudal musculature of regressed
      females and the subsequent maturation of the grafts demonstrated that the ovarian
      degeneration was not due to pituitary or hypothalamic malfunction or an
      autoimmune disease. The cause of the gonadal degeneration was apparently
      localized to the ovary itself. This phenomenon was never observed in males (XY).
      Regressed ovaries fell into two categories, designated types I and II, with all
      being characterized by the presence of ductlike structures which resembled male
      efferent ducts, lined by Sertoli cells. Type I ovaries bore a marked similarity
      to certain mammalian dysgenetic gonads, while type II ovaries contained many
      proliferating germ cells and could be compared to the human neoplasm termed
      gonadoblastoma. It is suggested that the physiological lesion responsible for the
      ovarian regression syndrome involves the processes that control the determination
      and differentiation of the germ cells similar to those found in human 46,XY
      gonadal dysgenesis.

PMID- 4038734
TI  - Isolation of intact sperm asters from fertilized sea urchin eggs.
AB  - We have developed a procedure for isolating intact sperm asters in quantity from
      fertilized sea urchin eggs. This procedure is based on detergent-extraction
      methods developed previously for the bulk isolation of mitotic apparatuses. Using
      this protocol it is possible to isolate sperm asters as soon as they appear in
      the fertilized egg or at any subsequent point in their brief existence.

PMID- 4038735
TI  - Serotoninergic system in scrapie-infected hamsters.
AB  - Hamsters inoculated with scrapie virus show a dramatic hypersensitivity to
      serotoninergic drugs, developing a behavioral syndrome not unlike that obtained
      with pharmacologically induced lesions of the raphe nuclei. In an attempt to
      explain the state of hypersensitivity and to determine whether or not
      serotoninergic neurons were targets of the scrapie virus, pre- and postsynaptic
      serotoninergic sites were studied in the cerebral cortices of scrapie-infected
      and sham-inoculated hamsters. [3H]Imipramine binding and the uptake of endogenous
      5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) in synaptosomes prepared from scrapie
      inoculated animals were not different from those of controls. This suggests
      integrity of the serotoninergic neurons in scrapie-infected hamsters. In
      contrast, affinity for the 5-HT1 receptor (which modulates inhibitory response)
      was diminished whereas that for the 5-HT2 receptor (which modulates excitatory
      response) was increased. This "imbalance" between the two receptors which is
      amplified in in vivo responses may account for the 5-HT hypersensitivity. The
      alteration in the affinity of the two postsynaptic 5-HT receptors supports the
      observation that scrapie virus alters cell plasma membranes.

PMID- 4038736
TI  - The combined effects of dietary protein and fat on prolactin in female rats.
AB  - A 3 X 3 factorial experiment was conducted to examine how protein content (8, 16
      and 32% of kcals from casein) and fat content (12, 24 and 48% of kcals from corn
      oil) interact to influence prolactin homeostasis in female rats. Weanling Sprague
      Dawley rats were assigned to each of nine diets fed ad libitum. Dietary fat had
      no effect on the time of vaginal opening although first estrus occurred slightly
      earlier with high fat diets (P less than 0.05). Rats fed diets with protein at 8%
      of kcal showed a 2-wk delay in vaginal opening and first estrus. After 18-20 wk
      of feeding, serum and pituitary prolactin concentrations were determined after
      decapitation during the afternoon of proestrus or diestrus. Although serum
      prolactin was elevated at proestrus, there were no effects of fat or protein on
      the serum or pituitary prolactin. Another group of rats were fitted with jugular
      cannulae and treated with perphenazine, a potent prolactin-stimulating drug.
      Dietary fat or protein had no effect on prolactin secretion after perphenazine
      treatment. In the final experiment, rats fed each diet were treated with either
      i.p. saline or perphenazine followed by decapitation. The pituitary was removed 3
      h later for determination of the amount of prolactin depleted from the pituitary.
      There was no effect of diet on the amount of pituitary prolactin depleted by
      perphenazine. No evidence was obtained that changes in dietary fat or protein
      concentration influence serum prolactin or its secretion in response to a
      provocative stimulus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038737
TI  - The effect of diet on retention by the rat of iron from a radiolabeled casein
      test meal.
AB  - Previous work has shown that weanling rats fed a soy protein isolate (SPI)-based
      diet retained less iron from a casein test meal than did rats fed a casein-based
      diet. In the present work this diet effect was further investigated. In
      experiment 1 rats were fed either SPI-or casein-based diet (about 25 ppm Fe) for
      13 d, fasted overnight, given a 59Fe-labeled casein-based test meal, and refed
      either the same or the other diet for 7 d. 59Fe retention was determined by the
      percent of ingested label retained after 7 d. SPI reduced 59Fe retention when fed
      prior to the test meal (52.5 vs. 61.5%, P less than 0.001) and also when fed
      following the test meal (50.8 vs. 63.2%, P less than 0.001). In experiment 2a,
      exposure of SPI to steam at 108 degrees C for 30 min did not lessen the observed
      diet effect. In experiment 2b rats were fed either an SPI-or casein-based diet,
      and casein test meals were fed as above on days 14, 35 and 56. The SPI-based diet
      reduced 59Fe retention from the casein test meal fed on d 14 (58.2 vs. 68.0%, P
      less than 0.005), for the meal on d 35 there was no difference, and for the final
      test meal rats fed SPI retained more 59Fe (53.0 vs. 40.2%, P less than 0.01). In
      experiment 3 lactalbumin was shown to decrease 59Fe retention to the same extent
      as SPI (54.9 and 53.4%) as compared to casein (73.3%), whereas neither rapeseed
      protein concentrate (68.8%) nor oxalic acid (72.2%) had any significant adverse
      effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038738
TI  - Effects of marginal zinc deficiency on subclinical lead toxicity in the rat
      neonate.
AB  - Influence of maternal dietary zinc intake on tissue distribution of lead and zinc
      in neonatal rats administered lead acetate by gavage during lactation was
      examined. Milk from dams fed a marginally deficient diet (6 micrograms Zn/g diet)
      contained a lower zinc concentration at the beginning of lactation than did that
      from control dams (30 micrograms Zn/g diet); no differences were seen by d 11 of
      lactation. Dams fed the deficient diet had lower plasma zinc values in comparison
      with pair-fed or ad libitum-fed dams and lower femur zinc concentration in
      comparison with pair-fed dams. Pups suckling marginally deficient dams had lower
      concentrations of zinc in plasma, femurs and kidneys although hippocampal and
      cerebellar zinc were unaltered. Body weights of pups from marginally zinc
      deficient dams were lower than those from ad libitum-fed dams, but similar to
      those from pair-fed dams. Lead ingestion had no effect on body weight. Marginally
      zinc-deficient pups had greater lead accumulation in blood, femurs, hippocampi
      and cerebella, but not kidney, than did zinc-adequate pups. Marginal zinc
      deficiency during lactation increases the body lead burden of suckling rats, an
      effect not attributable to increased transfer of lead into milk in response to
      suboptimal maternal zinc status.

PMID- 4038739
TI  - Neonatal blood cell count in health and disease. II. Values for lymphocytes,
      monocytes, and eosinophils.
AB  - The distribution of normal cell counts (the reference range) has been determined
      previously for circulating neutrophils in infants from birth to 28 days of age.
      We have determined the reference ranges for the absolute peripheral blood
      lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts obtained from 393 infants in this
      same cohort. Furthermore, white blood cell counts were obtained from three groups
      of infants with perinatal complications previously shown to be associated with
      abnormal neutrophil values (ABO incompatibility, n = 82; maternal hypertension, n
      = 68; neonatal sepsis, n = 140) and compared with the derived reference ranges;
      significant alterations in the distribution of cell counts were found in each of
      these groups at different times. Our data provide reference ranges for
      lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts in the neonatal period and evidence
      of the effect of specific perinatal events on these cell counts.

PMID- 4038740
TI  - Postcatheterization urethral strictures following cardiac surgery in children.
AB  - Ten children among 221 with congenital cardiac anomalies developed urinary
      symptoms after removal of urethral catheters, which were routinely inserted for
      monitoring purposes during and after cardiac surgery. Six children developed
      urethral strictures. Poor tissue perfusion concomitant with serious congenital
      cardiac anomalies, together with secondary urine infection in the presence of a
      urethral catheter, are proposed as significant factors in the causation of such
      strictures in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

PMID- 4038741
TI  - Fistula-in-ano in childhood: a congenital etiology.
AB  - In a comparative study of fistula-in-ano and perianal abscess, over a 12-year
      period, evidence is presented to suggest that fistula-in-ano in childhood has a
      congenital etiology.

PMID- 4038742
TI  - Synaptosomal cholesterol and phospholipid levels in several mouse strains
      differentially sensitive to ethanol.
AB  - The influence of chronic ethanol treatment on synaptosomal plasma membrane (SPM)
      cholesterol and phospholipid levels was determined in C57BL, Swiss Webster, DBA
      and BALB-C mice. A significant increase in SPM cholesterol after chronic ethanol
      treatment was observed only in C57BL mice. No change in either SPM cholesterol or
      C/P ratios was observed in the other three mouse strains tested, albeit all
      strains were rendered tolerant to ethanol as judged by ethanol-induced
      hypothermia, sleep time and blood ethanol upon awakening. It is concluded that an
      increase in SPM C/P ratio is not a necessary concomitant of behavioral or
      neurophysiological tolerance resulting from chronic ethanol consumption. In other
      studies, the possible relationship between SPM C/P ratios and initial
      neurosensitivity to ethanol was assessed in eight different mouse strains as well
      as two selected lines of mice. None of the individual mice had been tested
      previously with ethanol. No meaningful correlations could be made when the SPM
      C/P ratios of these strains were compared to either ethanol-induced sleep time,
      blood ethanol upon awakening or hypothermia. Therefore, genetic differences in
      SPM C/P ratios do not appear to be functionally related to phenotypic initial
      neurosensitivity to ethanol.

PMID- 4038743
TI  - Premenstrual syndrome.

PMID- 4038744
TI  - Etiology of cervical pregnancy. Association with abortion, pelvic pathology, IUDs
      and Asherman's syndrome.
AB  - Five cases of cervical pregnancy were treated with hysterectomy. In addition to
      previous pelvic pathology, iatrogenic interventions can be possible predisposing
      factors in this type of pregnancy. The association of cervical pregnancy and
      induced abortion, with traumatic curettage damaging the endometrium, rendering it
      unsuitable for nidation, is well documented. The two cases of severe intrauterine
      adhesions in our series suggest that partial or complete obliteration of the
      uterine cavity by such adhesions might be an important cause of cervical
      pregnancy. The presence of an IUD and the administration of hormonal therapy for
      the treatment of Asherman's syndrome might have contributed to our cases of
      cervical pregnancy.

PMID- 4038745
TI  - Prognostic value of tissue polypeptide antigen in urological neoplasia.
AB  - The prognostic importance of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in urine samples of
      patients with urological cancers has been evaluated. TPA concentration correlated
      well both with the stage of the disease and survival. A simple score system was
      devised. There was very significant worsening of the prognosis with increasing
      score.

PMID- 4038746
TI  - Thromboxane synthetase inhibitors (TXSI). Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a
      novel series of omega-pyridylalkenoic acids.
AB  - A novel series of omega-pyridylalkenoic acids has been prepared by applying the
      Wittig reaction. Modifications were made in the omega-aryl moiety, the alkylene
      chain length, the alpha-methylene group adjacent to the carbonyl group, and the
      carboxyl group of the molecule. The compounds were tested as inhibitors of
      thromboxane synthetase in an in vitro assay and in ex vivo experiments with the
      rat. Most members of this new class of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors (TXSI)
      showed good activity in both assay systems. (E)-7-Phenyl-7-(3-pyridyl)-6
      heptenoic acid (9c; CV-4151) was one of the most potent compounds in in vitro
      enzyme inhibition (IC50 = 2.6 X 10(-8) M) and, when orally administered, the most
      potent and long acting in the inhibition of blood thromboxane A2 production in
      the rat. New conceptual models I-III for the enzyme-substrate (prostaglandin H2,
      PGH2) and the enzyme-TXSI interactions are proposed for understanding the
      molecular design and structure-activity relations.

PMID- 4038747
TI  - Growing tips of embryonic cerebellar axons in vivo.
AB  - Few studies have focused on the transformation of growth cones to mature synaptic
      arbors. To study these events in developing axons in vivo, we have labeled
      growing cerebellar axons with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in postnatal stages
      [Mason and Gregory, 1984]. This report will provide the first data on embryonic
      cerebellar axons, and will ask whether growth cones differ in tracts and in
      target tissue and what features characterize axons that enter the cerebellum in
      fetal periods. During the earliest embryonic (E) periods examined (E16-19), axons
      in tracts have enlarged growth cones with lamellopodia and short filopodia that
      contain small and large vesicles. In contrast, axons within the cerebellar anlage
      from E16-postnatal day (P) 5 have fine calibers with a minimum of branching, and
      have small tapered growing tips. If synaptic contacts are made by such growing
      tips, there is little concomitant change in their shape. As target cells from
      layers and as their dendrites extend (P5-P7), growing tips and synaptic boutons
      differentiate according to the type of synaptic arrangement in which they engage.
      Enlarged, irregular expansions of growing tips correspond to synaptic contacts
      with multiple dendritic partners and are filled with large and small clear
      vesicles. Filopodia arising from such swellings, like the small undifferentiated
      growing tips of the type seen on embryonic axons, contain a mixture of vesicle
      types but make simple synapses with single profiles. Many axons make both kinds
      of synaptic structures, especially during the period when maturing axons give
      rise to long filopodia. Thus, growing tips have immature forms long after
      synaptogenesis begins, and use filopodial structures to elaborate synaptic
      arrangements. This analysis should elucidate the changes in growth cone form and
      cytology that reflect cell-cell interactions during synaptogenesis.

PMID- 4038748
TI  - Initial intravenous cis-platinum therapy: improved management for invasive high
      risk bladder cancer?
AB  - Between August 1981 and December 1983, 50 patients with invasive high risk
      bladder cancer were treated initially with 100 mg. per m.2 cis-platinum
      intravenously in 2 doses with a 3-week interval, which was followed by definitive
      treatment (radiotherapy and/or cystectomy). High risk disease was defined on the
      basis of at least 2 of the following: invasion into or beyond the muscle (stages
      B2 to D1), grade III histology, large tumors and ureteral obstruction. Major
      symptomatic improvement was noted in 38 patients (76 per cent) after 1 to 2 doses
      of cis-platinum and 30 (60 per cent) had an objective response to cis-platinum.
      An objective response (complete or partial remission) was noted in 43 patients
      (86 per cent) after cis-platinum plus definitive treatment. The 12-month
      actuarial survival was 86 per cent and the 2-year actuarial survival was 80 per
      cent (although only 14 patients were entered in the study more than 2 years ago).
      The protocol was well tolerated, with nausea and vomiting being the most common
      side effects. There were no deaths related to treatment. Ten patients (20 per
      cent) died of cancer. The relevance of initial cis-platinum therapy in this
      management program is now being evaluated in a multicenter randomized trial.

PMID- 4038750
TI  - The surgical repair of posterior urethral strictures by the transpubic
      urethroplasty or pull-through technique.
AB  - The management of strictures of the posterior urethra is reviewed in 75 adults
      and 19 children. Of the patients 66 were treated by a perineal pull-through
      technique and 28 underwent a transpubic approach. The transpubic approach
      provided excellent exposure to the damaged urethra with minimal morbidity, and
      good results were obtained in 89 per cent of the children and 69 per cent of the
      adults. Three patients had partial incontinence postoperatively but 2 recovered
      completely after 6 months. With the perineal pull-through technique, good results
      were achieved in 80 per cent of the children and 66 per cent of the adults.
      Worsening of sexual function was not seen in either treatment group as a
      consequence of the operation. As a result of this experience the transpubic
      approach is preferred in cases of complex urethral strictures, cases in which the
      length of the damaged urethra exceeds 3 cm. or in small children, reserving the
      pull-through technique for low-lying urethral strictures less than 3 cm. long.

PMID- 4038749
TI  - Preliminary results of M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and
      cisplatin) for transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium.
AB  - The M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) regimen was used
      to treat 25 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract.
      Treatment consisted of monthly cycles of 30 mg. per m.2 methotrexate, followed 24
      hours later by 3 mg. per m.2 vinblastine, 30 mg. per m.2 doxorubicin and 70 mg.
      per m.2 cisplatin, and concluded with repeat vinblastine and methotrexate on days
      15 and 22. Significant tumor regression was noted in 71 per cent of the patients.
      Complete clinical remission was observed in 12 of 24 patients (50 per cent, 95
      per cent confidence limits 30 to 70 per cent) with bidimensionally measurable
      indicator lesions, 6 of whom had pathological confirmation. After surgical
      exploration 4 patients required downstaging to a partial remission. The median
      duration of response has not yet been reached at 9.5 plus months, range 4.5 plus
      to 16 plus. Five patients (21 per cent) had a partial clinical remission for 4 to
      8 plus months, 1 had a minor response for 4 months and 1 had stable disease for
      11 months. All metastatic sites responded, including bone (6 of 8 cases), liver
      (3 of 5), locoregional (12 of 17) and intravesical (6 of 7) disease. Toxicity
      included moderately severe myelosuppression that resulted in nadir sepsis in 4
      patients and a drug-related death in 1, mild to moderate anorexia, vomiting,
      alopecia and renal dysfunction. These preliminary results suggest that treatment
      with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin is extremely effective
      against locoregional and disseminated urothelial tract tumors, with the
      expectation (95 per cent confidence limits) of inducing objective tumor
      regression in 53 to 89 per cent of the cases.

PMID- 4038751
TI  - Management of urethral strictures.

PMID- 4038752
TI  - Reconstruction of the female urethra to allow intermittent catheterization for
      neurogenic bladders and urogenital sinus anomalies.
AB  - Three girls with a neurogenic bladder and vaginally placed urethral meatus are
      described. Reconstructive techniques to allow intermittent catheterization and
      successful undiversion are discussed. All 3 girls currently are continent on
      intermittent catheterization and have been followed for 1 to 3 years.

PMID- 4038753
TI  - Re: The importance of the cremasteric reflex in acute scrotal swelling in
      children.

PMID- 4038754
TI  - Recombinant plasminogen agent continues to show promise in trials.

PMID- 4038755
TI  - [Collapse of the blood-aqueous humor barrier following laser injury--preventive
      pharmacotherapy with prostaglandin inhibitors].
AB  - Laser-induced collapse of the blood-aqueous barrier and the protective effect of
      different prostaglandin inhibitors were investigated in the animal study reported
      here. As a parameter of the barrier function, the protein concentration in the
      aqueous humor was measured using a micromethod. The anterior chamber of 90 eyes
      (45 rabbits) was tapped only once, 100 min after the laser procedure. The results
      prove that different prostaglandin inhibitors in a systemic or topical
      application form can effectively reduce disturbances of the blood-aqueous barrier
      after laser surgery. This is also of clinical relevance with regard to laser
      iridotomy or trabeculoplasty in glaucoma.

PMID- 4038756
TI  - [Laser gonioplasty in therapy-resistant acute closed-angle glaucoma].
AB  - Technical details of gonioplasty by argon laser and the risk involved in cases of
      medically uncontrolled acute angle-closure glaucoma are discussed.

PMID- 4038757
TI  - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura].
AB  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an uncommon disorder which usually
      occurs in young adults. It is characterized by a pentad of clinical findings:
      fever, neurological abnormalities, renal dysfunction, microangiopathic hemolytic
      anemia and thrombocytopenia. The histological hallmark is the presence of
      platelet thrombi occluding the microcirculation of multiple organs. The etiology
      and pathogenesis of disseminated platelet aggregation are uncertain and obviously
      not uniform in individual patients. Experimental findings suggest that
      microthrombi may result from intravascular platelet activation or form
      secondarily at sites of vessel wall damage. The differential diagnosis of TTP
      includes the hemolytic uremic syndrome in which the microangiopathic changes are
      exclusively found in the kidneys. When untreated, TTP invariably runs a
      progressive and fatal course. In recent years, prognosis has been improved by new
      forms of therapy such as plasmapheresis or infusions of fresh frozen plasma which
      may lead to recovery in about 80% of patients.

PMID- 4038758
TI  - [Activation of lipid peroxides in the liver during hypokinesia and its prevention
      by antioxidants].
AB  - Experiments on white rats showed that exposure to hypokinesia increased
      peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids of lipids of cell membranes, decreased
      the content of sulfhydryl groups, and increased the content of disulphide groups.
      This was very marked during the first 4-7 days, i.e., during the time of a
      distinct stress-reaction. At later stages the rate of free radical processes
      decreased slightly. In the recovery period that followed 7-day hypokinesia lipid
      peroxidation in the rats gradually returned to normal. The initiation of free
      radical reactions during hypokinesia can be prevented by means of antioxidants
      (acetate tocopherol, sodium selenite) and syrepar.

PMID- 4038760
TI  - Characteristic faecal flora of NC mice.
AB  - The composition of faecal flora of NC mice was compared with that of CF #1 mice.
      NC- and CF #1-germfree (GF) mice were cage-mated with NC- or CF #1-conventional
      (CV) mice in an isolator. The faecal flora of these ex-GF mice was dependent on
      the recipient mouse strain modifying colonization by the donor mouse bacteria.
      Although NC- and CF #1-pups removed by hysterectomy were fostered to different
      strains, almost all these mice at 8 weeks old had a strain characteristic pattern
      of faecal flora regardless of the foster strains. In GF mice mono-associated with
      a Lactobacillus strain or a Bifidobacterium strain isolated from faeces of CV
      mice, the numbers of these bacteria in the stomach and small intestine of NC mice
      were lower than those of CF #1 mice. In GF mice associated with chloroform
      treated faeces of CV mice, and a Lactobacillus strain or a Bifidobacterium
      strain, the numbers of these bacteria in the stomach and all parts of the
      intestine of NC mice were considerably lower than those of CF #1 mice. These
      results suggested that the composition of faecal flora of NC mice were
      characteristic, i.e. the fact that the numbers of lactobacilli were low compared
      with CF #1 mice with ordinary faecal flora and the colonization of
      bifidobacteria, peptococcaceae and eubacteria on ES agar in NC mice intestine
      differed, was due to genetic factors.

PMID- 4038759
TI  - [Specificity of ultrastructural changes in the myocardium of rats after
      hypokinesia and irradiation].
AB  - By electron microscopy and morphometry cardiomyocytes of 20 rats gamma-irradiated
      with a single dose of 180.6 microCi/kg and those of 20 rats exposed to
      hypokinesia for 10 days were examined. Visually the ultrastructural changes of
      cardiomyocytes were nonspecific. The morphometric examination revealed specific
      features of ultrastructural rearrangements in the nuclei and mitochondria of
      cardiomyocytes of rats on day 10 of hypokinesia and irradiation.

PMID- 4038761
TI  - Serum prealbumin and retinol-binding protein in the prealbumin-related senile and
      familial forms of systemic amyloidosis.
AB  - In a series of 13 elderly patients with proven prealbumin-related senile systemic
      amyloidosis (SSA), depressed serum prealbumin values (110.7 +/- 14.1
      micrograms/ml) were found as compared to an age-matched control group (175.1 +/-
      20.3 micrograms/ml). As expected, there was a significant correlation between
      serum prealbumin and serum retinol-binding proteins in both groups of patients.
      Patients with reactive amyloid protein AA amyloidosis had slightly depressed
      serum prealbumin concentrations, whereas patients with prealbumin-related
      familial amyloidosis of Swedish type had prealbumin values within normal limits.
      Since the serum levels of the acute phase reactants, haptoglobin and amyloid
      related serum protein AA, were higher in the group of patients with reactive
      amyloidosis than in patients with SSA, the depression of the prealbumin levels in
      SSA is not a result of inflammation. Since SSA is known to contain prealbumin, it
      is possible that a disturbed prealbumin metabolism in old age results in low
      prealbumin serum values and deposition of amyloid.

PMID- 4038762
TI  - Oestradiol and progesterone receptors in the pig oviduct during the oestrous
      cycle.
AB  - The concentrations of the tissue receptors for oestradiol (E) and progesterone
      (P) in the porcine oviduct at different stages on the oestrous cycle have been
      investigated by in vitro binding and exchange methods. Both hormones bound to
      specific cytoplasmic (Rc) and nuclear (Rn) receptor proteins with high affinity.
      The concentrations of ERc and ERn were two-fold higher in the ampulla as compared
      to the isthmus. The amount of ERc in the isthmic portion of the oviduct did not
      vary throughout the oestrous cycle. However, the ampullar ERc concentrations
      increased during prooestrus, showed a maximum at standing oestrus, thereafter
      decreasing. Significant variations in the amount of oviductal ERn were observed.
      Despite the differences in ERn amounts between segments, the concentration of ERn
      increased significantly during late prooestrus, attaining a three-fold elevation
      and remaining elevated during the period of standing oestrous and early luteal
      phase (days 3-4), thereafter returning to basal levels. No significant variations
      in the amount of isthmic PRc were found throughout the period studied. The
      ampulla, however, showed a significant increase in PRc concentrations during
      standing oestrus, thereafter decreasing. The concentrations of PRn in isthmus and
      ampulla were of about the same magnitude and varied significantly during the
      oestrous cycle, increasing in concentration from standing oestrous onwards. The
      temporal relationships between the variations in levels of oestradiol and
      progesterone receptors in oviductal tissues and those of the circulating plasma
      levels were established. The data obtained in this study suggest a relationship
      between the changes in the levels of oestradiol and progesterone oviductal
      binding during the first days of the oestrous cycle, and the gamete and embryo
      transport throughout the oviduct in the porcine species.

PMID- 4038764
TI  - Drinking behavior in the Colorado adoptee and twin sample.
AB  - Using a sample of adult Colorado twins, nontwin sibling pairs and pairs of
      unrelated adoptees reared together (N = 346), the extent of the similarity in
      drinking behavior within pairs was estimated. The analyses, which go beyond those
      possible with a study confined just to twins, suggest that some alcohol-drinking
      behaviors may be genetically influenced. However, the genetic variance appears to
      be primarily nonadditive so that it contributes more to differences than to
      similarities between first-degree relatives. Alternatively, although less likely,
      these results might suggest a special common environment for identical twins that
      is not present for fraternal twins, nontwin siblings or unrelated adoptees reared
      together. Environmental analyses indicate that both types of twins share a
      special family environmental similarity that is not shared by nontwin siblings.
      Environmental influences that affect individual differences in drinking behavior
      appear to contribute more to dissimilarity than to similarity. The results do not
      support the contention that being raised in the same family contributes
      substantially to similarity in characteristics of drinking behavior.

PMID- 4038763
TI  - Rapid method for quantitation of androgen binding protein in Sertoli cell
      cultures and its use for measurement of binding kinetics.
AB  - The accurate measurement of the kinetics of binding of 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone to the Sertoli cell specific protein, androgen binding
      protein (ABP), has been frustrated by the extremely rapid rate of dissociation of
      the ABP-dihydrotestosterone complex. We describe a rapid and highly sensitive
      assay suitable for ABP quantitation which utilizes DEAE Bio-Gel and
      [3H]dihydrotestosterone. The assay has been used to accurately measure the rate
      of dissociation (8.25 X 10(-4) s-1, t1/2 14 min) and the rate of association
      (2.04 X 10(5) M s-1) of the binding of [3H]dihydrotestosterone to rat ABP. The
      ratio of these rate constants is in perfect agreement with the equilibrium
      dissociation constant determined by Scatchard analysis (4.0 nM). This multipoint
      assay is extremely rapid such that binding can be measured at equilibrium, it has
      high precision (coefficient of variation 3%), and is particularly useful at low
      protein concentrations (50 ng/ml); furthermore, the assay background of
      nonspecific 3H-binding is extremely low (0.2%). Since at such low protein
      concentrations a 10 point Scatchard analysis can be performed on 1 ml culture
      medium containing as little as 3 fmol ABP, the assay is suitable for monitoring
      changes in ABP secretion resulting from manipulations of cells in culture. The
      assay which utilizes DEAE Bio-Gel A is compared to five alternative methods: the
      standard method of steady state gel electrophoresis, Dextran-coated charcoal
      assay, hydroxylapatite assay, DEAE filter assay, and radioimmunoassay. The DEAE
      Bio-Gel assay has advantages over all of these alternative methods. In summary,
      this new assay is particularly useful for monitoring temporal changes in the
      secretion of ABP, and the method is equally effective in quantitating ABP in rat,
      rabbit and hamster Sertoli cell cultures.

PMID- 4038765
TI  - Hemangiosarcoma complicating Paget's disease of the bone.
AB  - An 87-year-old man with Paget's disease of the left humerus was found to have a
      Paget's sarcoma upon pathologic examination of the left upper limb, which was
      disarticulated for severe pain and recurrent fractures. The histologic type of
      this tumor, a hemangiosarcoma, was unique among Paget's sarcomas.

PMID- 4038766
TI  - Human renal carcinoma: characterization of five new cell lines.
AB  - Five human renal carcinoma cell lines have been established in long-term tissue
      culture. Two of the cell lines, UM-RC-2 and UM-RC-3, produced clear cell tumors
      in athymic nude mice. The cell lines have been characterized by staining with oil
      red O, doubling time in vitro, and number of chromosomes. Although protein A
      assay reactivity of autologous combinations of patient's sera and tumor cells
      were seen with all five cell lines, similar binding was also found with
      autologous normal kidney cultures. However, the immune adherence assay
      demonstrated low titer autologous reactivity with two renal carcinoma cell lines
      but not with the corresponding normal kidney cultures. This strongly suggest host
      recognition of tumor-associated antigens. Characterization of cell surface
      antigens with murine monoclonal antibodies demonstrated shared reactivity between
      normal kidney tubular cells and renal carcinoma cells. Antibody A68.11 reacted
      strongly with all five cell lines. Antibody A80 bound to only UM-RC-3 and UM-RC
      6.

PMID- 4038767
TI  - Is there a continuity of filaments in the sarcomere?

PMID- 4038768
TI  - [Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia associated with cancer].

PMID- 4038769
TI  - [Association of bone marrow aplasia and pregnancy: new cases].

PMID- 4038770
TI  - [Bad prognosis and lack of effective treatment--a danger for risk groups in
      chronic cryptosporidiosis].

PMID- 4038771
TI  - Nocturnal feeding in the mouse--opiate and pineal influences.
AB  - Mice displayed daily rhythms in their basal and morphine-induced food intake,
      consuming significantly greater amounts of food at night. Non-invasive inhibition
      of the activity of the pineal gland by either exposure to a bright pulse of light
      or treatment with the L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor, benserazide, reduced
      the elevated night-time food intakes. These effects on feeding were most evident
      on the first night the activity of the pineal was reduced. On subsequent nights
      light pulses had a diminished effect on basal and morphine-induced food intake.
      These results suggest that although the enhanced nocturnal food intake of mice
      may be modulated by pineal and opioid sensitive mechanisms, pineal activity is
      not essential for the expression of opioid-mediated feeding.

PMID- 4038772
TI  - Diuretic and natriuretic actions of extract prepared from rat erythrocytes.
AB  - Freeze-dried preparation of rat erythrocytes was extracted into distilled water
      and after heat treatment the extract was chromatographed on Sephadex G-25 column.
      The effluent fractions were pooled, freeze-dried, dissolved in Ringer's solution
      and bioassayed for diuretic and natriuretic responses in anaesthetized non
      diuretic rats. The active fractions potently enhanced urine output (about 9-fold
      control) and urinary sodium excretion (about 7-fold control). The responses
      started to develop after a lag period of approximately 10-20 min, peaked between
      60-80 min post-injection and then diminished. The augmentation of sodium
      excretion persisted longer than the increased diuresis. The biological activity
      of the extract was retained after dialysis in a tube with nominal molecular
      weight cut-off below 1,000.

PMID- 4038773
TI  - Enhanced development of dispositional tolerance to methadone by desipramine given
      together with methadone.
AB  - Rats given 2-day oral administration of methadone (15 mg/kg, twice on day 1 and
      once on day 2) by gastric tube developed dispositional tolerance to methadone
      analgesia as demonstrated by a decrease in analgesic response and by an increase
      in methadone metabolism. The increased metabolism of methadone was evidenced by a
      decrease in brain concentration of 14C-methadone and increases in the percentages
      of total 14C in liver or urine as 14C-water-soluble metabolites (14C-WSM) after
      the rats were challenged with a test dose of 14C-methadone. Two-day pretreatment
      with a combination of desipramine (DMI) (10 mg/kg, ip) and methadone (15 mg/kg,
      po) enhanced the development of dispositional tolerance to methadone analgesia
      which was evidenced by a greater decrease in the brain concentration of methadone
      and a greater increase in methadone metabolism as compared to those changes in
      rats pretreated with only methadone. Repeated treatment with DMI alone neither
      decreased the analgesic effect of methadone nor stimulated methadone metabolism.
      It is suggested that DMI given together with methadone promoted the induction of
      methadone metabolism in the liver by prolonging the enzyme-stimulating state of
      methadone, thus enhancing the development of dispositional tolerance to
      methadone.

PMID- 4038774
TI  - Suppression of an ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats by 3-hydroxybutyrate.
AB  - An ethanol withdrawal syndrome was elicited by withholding ethanol from
      physically dependent, male Sprague-Dawley rats. Ethanol dependence had been
      induced by intragastric administration of ethanol at a dosage of 9 to 15 grams
      per kilogram per day over a four-day period. Oral administration of 3
      hydroxybutyrate, a compound which is elevated in blood of ethanol dependent rats
      and is a substrate of both the cerebral small-pool and large-pool Krebs-cycle,
      was effective in suppressing the tremulous component of the ethanol withdrawal
      syndrome. 3-Hydroxybutyrate did not function as a central nervous system
      depressant at the dose levels employed.

PMID- 4038775
TI  - Chorionic biopsy.

PMID- 4038776
TI  - Desferrioxamine and Alzheimer's dementia.

PMID- 4038777
TI  - Lower atrial natriuretic activity in the newborn versus adult rat.
AB  - Experiments were designed to compare the natriuretic activity contained within
      extracts of the atrial myocardium of the newborn and adult rat. Extracts prepared
      from adult rats (greater than 8 weeks of age) contained significantly greater
      natriuretic activity than extracts from newborn preweanling pups (19 days of
      age). Since it has been reported that the primary site of inappropriate sodium
      reabsorption by the newborn kidney during saline expansion is in the distal
      nephron and since the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF has been reported to inhibit
      sodium reabsorption in this region of the nephron, results of the current study
      are consistent with the hypothesis that the compromised ability of the newborn to
      excrete a sodium load is related to a deficiency of ANF.

PMID- 4038780
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis in tourists returning from the Caribbean.

PMID- 4038778
TI  - DNase I footprinting shows three protected regions in the promoter of the rRNA
      genes of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Extracts prepared from Xenopus laevis oocytes contain a protein(s) which
      specifically protects three discrete regions of the RNA polymerase I promoter
      from digestion by DNase I. Protected region I, from nucleotide +15 to nucleotide 
      10, spans the site of transcription initiation. Protected region II extends from
      nucleotide -70 to nucleotide -100 relative to initiation, falling within a 42
      base-pair sequence which is homologous to the 60/81-base-pair repeated elements
      which occur outside of the promoter in the spacer. Protected region III is
      upstream of region II, from nucleotide -120 to nucleotide -140. All three regions
      correlate with sequences known from deletion studies to be important for promoter
      function. Deletion mutants which retain either region I or regions II and III
      together footprint normally. Deletion of region III, however, reduces but does
      not eliminate footprinting on region II, suggesting either that one protein binds
      to both regions or that the proteins which bind to these sites interact with each
      other.

PMID- 4038779
TI  - Genotoxic effects of some organophosphorous pesticides. I. Induction of
      micronuclei in bone marrow cells in rat.
AB  - The genotoxic effects of 4 organophosphorous pesticides, i.e. ekatin,
      fenitrothion, methylparathion and phorate, were examined employing the
      micronucleus test in bone marrow cells of the rat. Methylparathion and phorate
      were found to be mutagenic, while ekatin was weakly mutagenic. The frequency of
      micronuclei induction by fenitrothion did not differ significantly from that
      noticed in negative control.

PMID- 4038781
TI  - Intravenous thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a progress report.

PMID- 4038782
TI  - Smokeless tobacco and blood pressure.

PMID- 4038783
TI  - Premenstrual syndrome.

PMID- 4038784
TI  - The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial. Phase I findings.

PMID- 4038785
TI  - Two homoeo box loci mapped in evolutionarily related mouse and human chromosomes.
AB  - The homoeo box is a 180-base pair (bp) DNA sequence conserved in Drosophila
      homoeotic genes, which regulate early development. These DNA sequences are
      present in open reading frames and have been identified in specific gene
      transcripts in Drosophila and Xenopus embryos; they possess structural features
      in common with genes encoding some DNA-binding proteins. Homologous homoeo box
      sequences have been detected in species ranging from insects and annelids to
      vertebrates. The high degree of sequence conservation (70-90%) among different
      species suggests a strong evolutionary relationship and implies a common role in
      embryonic development. To test this hypothesis, one approach we have used is to
      examine the patterns of genetic organization of homoeo box sequences in mouse and
      human for any similarities; the second approach is to localize the chromosomal
      map positions of homoeo box sequences in the two species. A similar genomic
      organization and chromosomal distribution of homoeo box sequences would argue for
      a conserved function and might shed light on their mechanism of action. Here, we
      describe experiments which show that two homoeo box loci map, respectively, to
      evolutionarily related regions on mouse chromosome 11 and human chromosome 17.

PMID- 4038786
TI  - [Ductectomy as diagnosis and treatment of galactorrhea without palpable lesions].

PMID- 4038787
TI  - Catecholamine involvement in preovulatory LH release: reassessment of the role of
      epinephrine.
AB  - Adult female rats were implanted with permanent cannulae in the third ventricle
      of the brain and allowed to recover regular 4-day estrous cycles. They received
      intrajugular cannulae on the morning of proestrus and later between 12.00-13.00 h
      catecholamines - norepinephrine (NE; 5.3 or 15.9 micrograms), dopamine (DA; 5.3
      micrograms), epinephrine (E; 5.3 or 15.9 micrograms) or vehicle (artificial CSF) 
      were administered intraventricularly. Plasma LH levels were measured in blood
      samples obtained prior to and 10, 20, 30 or 60 min after catecholamine
      injections. While NE or DA failed to alter basal plasma LH levels, E evoked a
      significant 2-fold rise in plasma LH levels. Quite unexpectedly, however,
      infusion of E (18.5 micrograms) over a 30-min period during the critical period
      failed to either reverse the pentobarbital-blockade of ovulation or stimulate LH
      release. Prior suppression of E levels selectively with LY 78335 blocked the
      preovulatory LH surge and ovulation. However, intraventricular E failed to evoke
      LH release in these LY 78335-blocked proestrous rats, an observation suggestive
      of some alpha 1-adrenoreceptor blocking action of the drug. In contrast, the
      alpha 1-adrenoreceptor blocking action was not evident in the estrogen,
      progesterone-primed ovariectomized rats similarly pretreated with LY 78335. These
      studies show that (1) E-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may play an
      important role in the preovulatory LH release; (2) LY 78335 may exert inhibitory
      effects on preovulatory LH release, in part, by blocking alpha 1-adrenoreceptors,
      and (3) participation of NE and DA, if any, in evoking preovulatory LH release
      remains to be ascertained.

PMID- 4038788
TI  - Air embolism through a ventriculoatrial shunt during posterior fossa operation:
      case report.
AB  - An unusual complication of air embolism through a ventriculoatrial shunt occurred
      in a patient undergoing posterior fossa operation in the sitting position.
      Because ventriculoatrial shunts are uncommon, this potential complication may not
      be widely recognized. A case is presented and the clinical aspects are discussed.

PMID- 4038789
TI  - Distinctive structural and cytoskeletal properties of the long-surviving neurons
      in cell cultures of embryonic spinal cord.
AB  - A distinctive population of neurons survives for longer than 3 months in cell
      cultures of chick or rat spinal cord. These neurons form a minor proportion (1%)
      of the neurons initially developing in the cultures, but are the only ones to
      survive longer than 30 days in vitro. In addition to their longevity, they share
      important morphological and cytoskeletal characteristics, which render them
      distinctive as a group even in early cultures which contain numerous other
      neurons of short-term viability. Each long-surviving neuron projects one neurite
      of great length relative to its other neurites, or to those of the shorter-lived
      neurons, and the length of this neurite is maintained constant for many weeks in
      vitro. This well-defined morphological feature may indicate the lineage(s) of
      these neurons. Structurally these cells are very different to the shorter-lived
      neurons. They are rich in neurofilaments and contain very few microtubules,
      whereas the shorter-lived neurons contain few neurofilaments but many
      microtubules. These differences in cytoskeleton coincide exactly with the
      distinction between limited and prolonged survival in vitro, and the possibility
      is considered that cytoskeletal stability in the presence of numerous small
      inflows of calcium might underlie "hardiness" in vitro. The state of development
      of the long-lived neurons is considered in the context of their shared features,
      and it is suggested that they may provide a model in which the regulation of
      development of neuronal function can be analysed.

PMID- 4038790
TI  - [Primary empty sella. Clinico-radiologic considerations in 18 cases].
AB  - 18 patients with "primary empty sella" were reviewed for this study. In 3 of them
      the sellar enlargement was discovered occasionally by performing skull
      radiographs for other reasons. The galattorrhea-dismenorrhea or amenorrhea
      syndrome and obesity were the most common clinical features. Endocrinological
      tests were normal in ten patients and abnormal in eight. Slight elevation of
      serum PRL was the most common record. 12 patients had enlarging of the sella
      turcica; in 4, only the floor was asymmetric and in 2 the sella was quite normal.
      In 5 patients C.T. without intra-thecal contrast was sufficient to discover the
      E.S. In 13 patients we performed C.T. cysternography by injecting in the lumbar
      subarachnoid space 8-10 ml of Iopamidolo 200. This is an excellent and safe
      technique to perform C.T. cysternography.

PMID- 4038791
TI  - High cesarean section rate: a new perspective.
AB  - Cesarean section rates in the United States have increased dramatically in recent
      years, whereas perinatal mortality rates have fallen. To investigate the
      hypothesis that these two events are not necessarily causally related, a
      prospective attempt to modify obstetric management directed at minimizing the
      rate of abdominal delivery while preserving excellent perinatal survival was done
      at a university-affiliated hospital in the Denver metropolitan area. Unselected
      patients who were admitted to separate services at the hospital were used for
      comparison, with one group subject to the specific management criteria. Corrected
      mortality rates and low five-minute Apgar scores on the two services were not
      significantly different after two years. The total cesarean section rate on the
      first service was 5.7%, and the total cesarean section rate on the comparison
      service was 17.6%. Analysis of the data showed major differences in indications
      for cesarean section in the areas of repeat cesarean section, cephalopelvic
      disproportion, breech presentation, fetal distress, and genital herpes. These
      data support the contention that excellent perinatal outcome can be achieved with
      modest abdominal delivery rates.

PMID- 4038792
TI  - Relationships among premenstrual symptoms and menstrual cycle characteristics.
AB  - The severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms has been described by different
      investigators as varying directly or inversely with the severity of dysmenorrhea.
      In a large population of women undergoing comprehensive psychological and medical
      evaluation for premenstrual syndrome complaints, the authors examined the
      relationship between menstrual cycle parameters and premenstrual syndrome. The
      severity of premenstrual symptoms varied directly with the severity of
      dysmenorrhea and premenstrual spotting but was not associated with any other
      menstrual cycle parameter. Multivariate analysis revealed that social and
      psychological variables are more strongly associated with variations in
      premenstrual symptoms than are any menstrual cycle parameters.

PMID- 4038793
TI  - Rectal serosal hematoma: an unusual complication of culdocentesis.
AB  - Culdocentesis is currently a widely used diagnostic technique in gynecology.
      Although associated with numerous theoretical risks, few complications have been
      documented in anecdotal reports. Rectal serosal hematoma, an unusual complication
      of culdocentesis, is described.

PMID- 4038794
TI  - Retinal burns from experimental laser iridotomy.
AB  - Simulated argon laser iridotomy was performed in 12 cynomolgus monkey eyes to
      evaluate the effectiveness of the Abraham iridectomy lens in preventing
      inadvertent retinal burns. At 600 milliwatts, only two of the three eyes
      developed small retinal burns using the Abraham lens, whereas three eyes
      developed larger retinal burns without the Abraham lens. At 1000 milliwatts,
      retinal burns occurred with or without the Abraham lens, but the size and
      intensity of the burns were reduced with the lens.

PMID- 4038795
TI  - The histopathology of involutional ectropion.
AB  - Twenty eyelid specimens from patients with involutional ectropion, obtained by
      full-thickness horizontal shortening procedures, were examined
      histopathologically by light and electron microscopy and compared with six normal
      eyelids from exenteration specimens. Paralytic, cicatricial, and congenital
      ectropions were excluded from the study. The main histopathologic features
      included: (1) collagen degeneration and elastosis of the tarsal plate; (2)
      increased amounts of adipose tissue in the distal tarsus and capsulopalpebral
      fascia; (3) subacute inflammation and epidermidalization of the tarsal
      conjunctiva; (4) focal degeneration, fibrosis and elastosis of pretarsal
      orbicularis, and occasionally minimal change in the muscle of Riolan; and (5)
      arteriosclerosis of the marginal artery. The combination of these histopathologic
      changes characterize and may contribute to the development of ectropion of the
      eyelid associated with aging.

PMID- 4038796
TI  - Hypotony and ciliochoroidal detachment following pharmacologic aqueous
      suppressant therapy in previously filtered patients.
AB  - This is the first report describing the syndrome of hypotony and ciliochoroidal
      detachment following pharmacologic aqueous suppressant therapy in previously
      filtered eyes. Four patients had a history of advanced primary open-angle
      glaucoma treated with multiple medical therapies, including timolol for 11 to 36
      months. They then underwent filtration surgery, which failed in two cases.
      Timolol and/or acetazolamide therapy was instituted 1 to 18 months following
      surgery. The patients then developed hypotony and ciliochoroidal detachment,
      which resolved spontaneously after cessation of the pharmacologic aqueous
      suppressant therapy. In three of the cases, the episode of hypotony and
      ciliochoroidal detachment recurred after a second challenge with timolol and/or
      acetazolamide therapy. Inflammation, tumor, wound leakage, retinal detachment and
      cyclodialysis cleft were excluded. A mechanism of formation of ciliochoroidal
      detachment in this syndrome is proposed. Long-term timolol therapy followed by
      filtration surgery and its attendant postoperative hypotony and ciliochoroidal
      detachment sensitizes the ciliary epithelium. Subsequent pharmacologic aqueous
      suppressant therapy results in almost total reduction of aqueous production,
      causing hypotony and ciliochoroidal detachment.

PMID- 4038797
TI  - [Growth in puberty].
AB  - During puberty growth velocity increases within 3 years from a prepubertal nadir
      to a maximum, in male to 9-10 cm/year, in female to 7-9 cm/year. This spurt is
      triggered by the androgenic steroids, in male mainly by testicular testosterone.
      In patients with anorchia the pubertal growth spurt is missing. The androgens
      have a dual effect. 1. As comes forth from observations in hypopituitary dwarfs
      being treated with constant replacement doses of hGH, these steroids potentiate
      the growth-stimulatory effect of hGH. In order to continue growing at all, these
      dwarfs need the additional medication of androgenic or anabolic steroids if they
      are hypogonadotrophic. 2. As demonstrated by our measurements of the nocturnal
      hGH secretion, androgenic steroids enhance the spontaneous production of hGH by a
      factor of 2-3. Biologically active androgens appear to be a conditio sine qua non
      for longitudinal growth after age 11-12. This is in concordance with the
      statement that adult male castrates are no giants as has often been claimed. The
      rather tall eunuchs in Istanbul were no Turks but as a rule Sudanese negroes who
      are racially much taller than Turks.

PMID- 4038798
TI  - Preschool performance of children with normal intelligence who were very low
      birth-weight infants.
AB  - Children who were very low-birth-weight infants (less than 1,500 g),
      beneficiaries of modern neonatal intensive care, are now of school age. To
      evaluate their school performance 80 children born in 1976 who had very low-birth
      weight (mean birth weight 1.2 kg, mean gestational age 30 weeks) were examined at
      age 5 years. Sixty-five children were neurologically intact and had normal IQ
      (greater than or equal to 85) on the Stanford-Binet; five children were
      neurologically abnormal and ten had IQ below 85. Of the 65 children with normal
      intelligence and no neurologic impairments, 46 were single births and enrolled in
      preschool. These 46 children were matched by race, sex, and family background
      with classmate control children who had been born at full term. Outcome
      measurements included the Slosson Intelligence Test, the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho
      Educational Battery (including subscales of Picture Vocabulary, Spatial
      Relations, Memory for Sentences, Visual Auditory Learning, Quantitative Concepts,
      and Blending) and the Beery Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration. No
      significant differences in IQ were found between children who were very low-birth
      weight infants and control children; however, children who were very low-birth
      weight infants performed significantly less well on the Spatial Relations subtest
      of the Woodcock-Johnson and on the Visual-Motor Integration test. Similar results
      were found for nine sets of twins and their control children. Recognition of
      these perceptual and visual-motor problems may permit appropriate early remedial
      intervention and prevent the compounding of these difficulties.

PMID- 4038799
TI  - [Stenocardia of effort and severe heart rhythm disorders in combined hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in childhood].

PMID- 4038800
TI  - Low level lead effects on activity under varying stress conditions in the
      developing rat.
AB  - The study was designed to determine whether lead ingestion by nursing rats would
      affect the way offspring reacted to the stress inducing properties of the test
      environment both as juveniles and mature rats. Dams were exposed to diets with
      0.0, 0.2, 0.4 or 1.0 percent by weight metallic lead. Mean blood-lead levels of
      pups at weaning were 4, 25, 36 and 55 micrograms/100 ml of blood respectively.
      The stress factor was varied by (1) changing the test apparatus, i.e., forcing
      rats to occupy an open field or allowing the animal to be a free agent in the
      start box of a T-maze; (2) testing rats under a longitudinal and a cross
      sectional experimental design to vary familiarity with the apparatus; and (3)
      comparing behavior in the presence or absence of noise. Reactivity was assessed
      by examining the inter-and intra-session pattern of ambulations and defecations.
      Analysis of data revealed that lead treated rats demonstrated the greater
      response to stress. This response was generally dose related although recovery
      was dependent upon the test applied and measures taken. The findings provide a
      conceptual framework to account for varied results across previous studies.

PMID- 4038801
TI  - d-Amphetamine induced changes in social interaction patterns.
AB  - The behavioral effects of d-amphetamine were studied in a group of stumptail
      macaques in a large outdoor enclosure. d-Amphetamine altered characteristic
      patterns of aggressive and affiliative behaviors in adult males that received the
      drug. Each monkey that received d-amphetamine increased its aggression toward non
      adult animals in the group and decreased aggression toward adult members. In
      subjects for which genealogy was known, d-amphetamine increased aggression toward
      kin-related members of the group and decreased aggression toward non-kin monkeys.
      The effects of the drug on affiliative behaviors were less uniform and,
      therefore, less conclusive. Three subjects decreased affiliation and two
      increased affiliation toward non-adult monkeys. The results demonstrate that d
      amphetamine can alter substantially the behavior of drug-treated members of a
      group and, in addition, that the drug can indirectly affect specific subsets of
      the group even though they did not receive the drug.

PMID- 4038802
TI  - Relationship between initial sensitivity to ethanol and the high alcohol intake
      in dependent rats.
AB  - The high spontaneous intake of ethanol, which can be induced in rats after a
      period of forced administration, may be used to study the altered state created
      in the C.N.S. by the chronic exposure to ethanol. The relationship between the
      initial acute sensitivity to ethanol and this induced high oral intake has been
      examined in rats. Initial sensitivity was determined in two groups of rats either
      by a test of motor impairment or by alcohol induced hypothermia. After 15 days of
      daily IG administration of 10 g/kg, rats were submitted to the ethanol
      presentations which display the high voluntary intake. Two groups of controls
      were initially tested for their motor impairment or hypothermia respectively
      under ethanol and then treated for 15 days with saline injections. The results
      indicate a highly significant negative correlation between initial sensitivity
      and the level of dependence induced by a chronic treatment and manifested by a
      voluntary high intake. In control groups, the low intake of ethanol observed in
      the final test was not correlated to the initial sensitivity to ethanol as tested
      by hypothermia but weakly correlated to sensitivity measured by motor impairment.
      The results are discussed in terms of mechanisms which determine the voluntary
      intake of ethanol in ethanol naive and dependent rats.

PMID- 4038803
TI  - GABA mediation of the central effects of acute and chronic ethanol in mice.
AB  - In acute ethanol studies aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) alone produced marked
      hypothermia although a test dose of ethanol was able to produce a further drop in
      body temperature in AOAA treated mice. Even though tolerance to ethanol-induced
      hypothermia was present in ethanol-dependent mice, AOAA administration was able
      to produce a further decrease in body temperature. Bicuculline potentiated
      ethanol-induced hypothermia in the acute studies but the tolerance to hypothermia
      which had developed in ethanol-dependent mice prevented the bicuculline-induced
      potentiation of ethanol hypothermia. AOAA markedly potentiated acute ethanol
      induced motor incoordination whereas bicuculline had no effect. Although partial
      tolerance had developed to ethanol-induced motor incoordination in dependent
      mice, AOAA potentiated, whereas a lower dose of bicuculline antagonized, motor
      incoordination. In the acute studies ethanol had a biphasic effect on AOAA
      induced GABA accumulation in the hypothalamus and corpus striatum: low doses
      prevented and a slightly higher dose was without effect on GABA accumulation.
      Ethanol-dependent mice were unable to respond to an AOAA-induced increase in GABA
      accumulation although basal levels of GABA were unaffected by chronic ethanol
      ingestion. The results show that brain GABA or GABA-mediated central mechanisms
      may be involved in the mediation of ethanol-induced motor incoordination but not
      hypothermia.

PMID- 4038804
TI  - Capsular contracture after augmentation mammaplasty.

PMID- 4038805
TI  - Acute radiation effects on the content and release of plasminogen activator
      activity in cultured aortic endothelial cells.
AB  - Confluent monolayers from three lines of bovine aortic endothelial cells were
      exposed to a single dose of 10 Gy of 60Co gamma rays. Seventy-two hours later,
      the morphology of the irradiated and sham-irradiated monolayers was examined, and
      cellular DNA and protein contents were determined. In addition, the release of
      plasminogen activator (PA) activity into the culture media and PA activity in the
      cell lysates were assayed. Irradiated monolayers maintained their cobblestone
      appearance, but individual endothelial cells were enlarged considerably compared
      to sham-irradiated cells. DNA and protein contents in the irradiated monolayers
      were reduced to 43-50% and 72-95% of the control levels, respectively. These data
      indicate that radiation induced cell loss (detachment and/or lysis) from the
      monolayer, with hypertrophy of surviving (attached) cells to preserve the
      continuity of the monolayer surface. Total PA activity (lysate plus medium) in
      the irradiated dishes was reduced to 50-75% of the control level. However, when
      endothelial PA activity was expressed on the basis of DNA content, the irradiated
      monolayers from two of the three cell lines contained significantly more PA
      activity than did sham-irradiated monolayers. Most importantly, the percentage of
      the total PA activity released into the culture medium by irradiated cells (5
      22%) was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower than that released by sham
      irradiated cells (23-68%). These data suggest that fibrinolytic defects observed
      in irradiated tissues in situ may be attributable at least in part to a radiation
      induced inhibition of PA release by vascular endothelial cells.

PMID- 4038806
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of vegetable oils and ubiquinone-9 on radiation injuries].
AB  - The comparison was made of the protective (the administration 3 h before
      irradiation with a dose of 7.3 Gy) and therapeutic (the administration
      immediately and later after exposure) effects of soya oil (150 mg/kg) and oil
      solution of ubiquinone-9 (100-200 mg/kg) on survival of exposed rats. It was
      shown that soya oil and ubiquinone-9 increased the survival rate of rats when
      administered before and, to a lesser extent, immediately after irradiation. Corn
      oil administered immediately after exposure increased the survival rate as well.
      DMF for the therapeutic effect of soya oil solution of ubiquinone-9 was 1.08.

PMID- 4038807
TI  - [Characteristics of the descendants of male dogs exposed to chronic combined
      gamma-irradiation and in the postradiation period].
AB  - A study was made of the descendants of 12 male dogs subjected to gamma
      irradiation during six years at dose-rates of 0.0034 Gy/day and 0.0017 Gy/day +
      additional annual exposures to gamma-radiation three times a year each of 0.42
      Gy. The observations were made during 3 years after the end of irradiation. It
      was shown that the descendants reflected the regularities of the disorders
      revealed in fathers' spermatogenesis. The radiobiological effects were function
      of dose--rate and cumulative radiation dose. The changes were mainly noted during
      embryogenesis and manifested by the sterility, mortinatality and the decreased
      number of puppies in the postreity.

PMID- 4038808
TI  - [Hemangiosarcoma of the liver in workers of the PVC industry and other VC-induced
      diseases with angiologic-dermatologic, hepatologic, radiologic and neurologic
      symptoms].
AB  - Occupational diseases resulting from exposure to vinyl chloride (VC) include
      angiosarcoma of the liver and other neoplasms. Among workers exposed to VC we
      have found capillary abnormalities in the extremities, with scleroderma and
      Raynaud syndrome, acro-osteolysis, neurological and psychiatric diseases and
      chromosome abnormalities, as well as abnormal liver metabolism and haematological
      findings.

PMID- 4038809
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging: absence of in vitro cytogenetic damage.
AB  - Human lymphocytes and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in culture were exposed
      for 12 1/2 hours to a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus with a 2.35-Tesla
      magnet and 100-MHz radio frequency emission. The cells were examined for
      cytogenetic damage manifested either as chromosome aberrations or sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCEs), which constitute very sensitive measures of genetic
      and cellular damage. In either unstimulated or stimulated human lymphocytes, as
      well as in exponentially growing CHO cells, no increase in either chromosome
      aberrations or SCEs was found as a result of exposure to these MR conditions. The
      data indicate that long-term exposure to MR imaging conditions far exceeding
      those to be found in the clinical situation does not cause cytogenetic damage.

PMID- 4038810
TI  - [Changes in the conditions of milk extraction as affected by a beta mimetic
      (isoprenaline) administered by intrajugular route during mechanical milking of
      cows].
AB  - Between days 80 and 105 of lactation, 11 FFPN cows (table 1) received an
      intrajugular injection of either 0.9% NaCl or 0.3 mg of isoprenaline (IPN = beta
      receptor agonist). Each of the two treatments was repeated at least 7 times by
      giving NaCl and IPN on successive, alternate days. IPN: - did not change either
      the total milk yield of the morning milking (13.5 l vs 13.37 l with NaCl) or the
      volume of milk obtained by stripping (0.460 l vs 0.447 l with NaCl), although
      individual responses varied considerably (table 3); - significantly increased
      milk flow by about 25% because it reached 1.144 l/min/quarter after IPN
      administration vs 0.929 l/min/quarter after NaCl injection (table 4). These
      results confirm our previous observations concerning milk loss between milkings
      (Bernabe and Peeters, 1980), i.e. the stimulation of smooth muscle beta-receptors
      enhances milk flow.

PMID- 4038811
TI  - Transmission of a malignant catarrhal fever-like syndrome to sheep: preliminary
      experiments.
AB  - The transmission of a malignant catarrhal fever-like syndrome to sheep is
      reported. Fetal sheep between 40 and 66 days gestation were inoculated
      intravenously with viable cells either from a red deer with clinical malignant
      catarrhal fever or from rabbits with the disease. Of the 21 fetuses in the
      experiment only five were born live and of these four developed clinical signs
      similar to malignant catarrhal fever in other species and died or were killed 10,
      16, 47 and 175 days after birth. The fifth lamb remained unaffected. Histology of
      the four affected lambs revealed a generalised lymphoproliferation, with T
      dependent areas of lymphoid tissues being affected, and an overall paucity of
      immunoglobulin containing cells. In addition arteritis and interstitial
      infiltration of many organs by lymphoid cells was present. The infectious agent
      was not reisolated in rabbits from lambs or passed to red deer housed in the same
      pen and it is thus considered possible that gene expression of the putative virus
      was incomplete.

PMID- 4038812
TI  - [Injuries of the urinary tract].

PMID- 4038813
TI  - Sex hormone-binding globulin--still many questions.

PMID- 4038814
TI  - The kinetics of short-lived indium-111 radiolabelled platelets.
AB  - We have studied the kinetics of autologous 111In-labelled platelets in patients
      with reduced platelet life span (less than 4.5 d), most of whom were
      thrombocytopenic, and of homologous 111In-labelled platelets in patients with
      severe thrombocytopenia. Intrasplenic platelet transit time (t) was calculated by
      compartmental and deconvolution analysis. In patients with a mean platelet life
      span of less than a few h, compartmental analysis may not be valid and so only
      deconvolution analysis was applied. There was a close correlation between values
      of t given by the two approaches (r = 0.88, n = 18, P less than 0.001). In some
      patients with severely reduced mean platelet life span (MPLS), the deconvolved
      splenic platelet clearance curves appeared to approach an asymptote, the relative
      magnitude of which was indicative of the irreversible extraction fraction by the
      spleen of incoming platelets. In other patients with severely reduced MPLS
      resulting from abnormal intra-hepatic platelet destruction, the deconvolved
      splenic curves resembled the normal. The intrasplenic platelet transit time
      showed no clear relationship with other parameters. It was concluded that
      platelet pooling within the spleen is normal in patients with reduced platelet
      life span, including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, even when the
      predominant site of destruction is the spleen, and that platelets are not delayed
      in transit through the spleen in preparation for their removal from the
      circulation and ultimate destruction.

PMID- 4038815
TI  - How many plasma exchanges to cure thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura?
AB  - 7 patients were treated by plasma exchanges and antiplatelet drugs for thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The effectiveness of therapy was reviewed daily
      and retrospectively estimated on day 3, d6, d9, and d12. 6 of these 7 patients
      were cured. The low predictive value of the initial response to therapy is
      underlined. The clinical and biological status on d12 seems to have the best
      predictive value for the final outcome. These data encourage us to continue the
      plasma exchanges until d12, whatever the initial response to therapy in TTP.

PMID- 4038816
TI  - [Destruction of helminth eggs in sewage sludge purification plants].

PMID- 4038817
TI  - Direct visualization of organelle movement along actin filaments dissociated from
      characean algae.
AB  - A system has been developed in which organelle transport can be studied without
      the influence of an organized cellular cytoplasm. Binding and continuous
      unidirectional movement of organelles along isolated cellular transport cables
      were directly visualized by video light microscopy after the dissociation of the
      cytoplasm of characean algae cells in a Ca2+-free buffer containing adenosine
      triphosphate. Individual organelles had more than one attachment site and moved
      at mean rates of 11.2 or 62.1 micrometers per second along multiple parallel
      pathways on each cable. Electron microscopy of these cables after direct freezing
      demonstrated that they consist of compact bundles of actin filaments. Under these
      conditions, characteristics of organelle movement should reflect directly the
      underlying molecular processes of binding and force generation.

PMID- 4038818
TI  - Disorganization of cultured vascular endothelial cell monolayers by fibrinogen
      fragment D.
AB  - Fibrinogen fragment D, which is heterogeneous, has several important biological
      functions. Human fibrinogen fragments D94 (molecular weight, 94,000), D78
      (78,000), and E (52,000) were purified. Fragments D78 and D94 but not purified
      fibrinogen or fragment E specifically caused disorganization of bovine aortic
      endothelial cells cultured as monolayers. Within 2 hours of exposure to
      pathophysiological concentrations of fragment D, the confluent endothelial cells
      retracted from each other and projected pseudopodia. These disturbed cells
      subsequently became rounded and detached from the substrate. The actin present in
      stress fibers in stationary monolayer cells was diffusely redistributed in cells
      with fragment D-induced alterations in morphology. This effect was not observed
      in monolayers of kidney epithelial cells. The results demonstrate a specific
      effect of fibrinogen fragment D on the disorganization of cultured vascular
      endothelial cell monolayers and suggest that fragment D plays a role in the
      pathogenesis of syndromes with vascular endothelial damage.

PMID- 4038819
TI  - Cisplatin, etoposide, and radiotherapy in regional inoperable squamous cell
      carcinoma of the bronchus.
AB  - Thirty-three ambulatory patients with limited stage, inoperable, squamous cell
      carcinoma of the bronchus were administered cisplatin (60 mg/m2 IV on day 1) and
      etoposide (VP-16) (400 mg/m2 orally in divided doses over days 3, 4, and 5). This
      regimen was repeated every 28 days for a maximum of six courses. Radiotherapy was
      given to patients who did not respond to chemotherapy for urgent relief of local
      symptoms, or as adjuvant to chemotherapy in responding patients. Response to
      chemotherapy was assessable in 28 patients. Patients experiencing early death
      were included in the evaluation. Ten patients (36%) had progressive disease and
      nine (32%) had stable disease during chemotherapy. Eight patients achieved
      radiologically verified partial response (PR) and one, a complete response (CR)
      verified bronchoscopically, yielding an overall response rate of 32%. Of
      responding patients who proceeded to radiotherapy, one patient showing PR was
      converted to a CR; another patient with PR improved, although not to CR. The
      median survival of 33 patients was 49 weeks. There were two deaths among nine
      responding patients (at 38 and 48 weeks), and nine deaths among 19 nonresponders
      (six before the 27th week). The principle toxic reactions were nausea and
      vomiting, which were serious (greater than grade 2) in 29 of 33 patients. All
      patients receiving more than one course of chemotherapy suffered total alopecia.
      Cisplatin/etoposide is an effective combination in some patients with regional,
      squamous cell lung cancer, but randomized trials comparing it to radiotherapy
      alone are required to establish real survival benefit.

PMID- 4038820
TI  - VP-16 and cisplatin in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.
AB  - The EORTC Lung Cancer Working Party investigated the effects of combination
      therapy with VP-16 (Ve-Pesid) and cisplatin in the treatment of non-small-cell
      lung cancer (NSCLC). Neither agent alone is recognized as being associated with a
      high rate of response in NSCLC, but the combination proved beneficial in our
      hands and effected a total response rate (including complete and partial
      responses) of over 40%. In addition to this encouraging result, complete
      remissions occurred in a modest number of patients. The addition of vindesine to
      the regimen profferred no benefit, but did increase the incidence of toxic
      reactions. Preliminary data on supraconventional dosages of cisplatin indicate a
      trend toward better response and longer survival but a significantly higher
      frequency of severe leukopenia as well. No studies have yet been conducted with
      higher doses of VP-16 in NSCLC patients, but related investigations into the
      treatment of small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma indicated that doses up to 3 g/m2
      of VP-16 were well tolerated by patients. It is cautiously concluded that the
      combination of cisplatin and VP-16 probably offers an advantage over single-drug
      therapy with either agent alone in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.

PMID- 4038821
TI  - Metronidazole and trichomoniasis.

PMID- 4038822
TI  - The role of luminal pH in production of gastrin cell hyperplasia in the rat.
AB  - Truncal vagotomy is associated with diminished gastric acid production, gastrin
      cell hyperplasia, and elevated serum gastrin levels. To study the role of reduced
      antral luminal acidity in the production of gastrin cell proliferation, gastrin
      cell densities were quantitated in preparations involving exposure of the antral
      mucosa to a non-acid lumen at different levels of the gastrointestinal tract.
      Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following experimental groups:
      intact controls, shams, antral diverticulum on the jejunum, antral diverticulum
      on the ileum, and antral diverticulum on the colon. At death, 2 weeks, 2 months,
      and 6 months after operation, luminal pH was at least 5.8 for each group of rats
      with antral diverticula. No significant changes in gastrin cell numbers were
      observed in rats with jejunal or ileal diverticula. For those animals with
      colonic diverticula, gastrin cell counts were increased 55% at 2 weeks (503 +/-
      23 cells per cm versus 320 +/- 13 cells per cm for shams). At 2 months gastrin
      cell numbers had increased further (639 +/- 54 cells per cm) in rats with antral
      diverticula on the colon. Gastrin cell proliferation was sustained at 6 months in
      this group. A factor other than reduced luminal acidity induces gastrin cell
      proliferation in antral mucosa exposed to colonic content. The responsible agent
      is not present in the small-bowel lumen. A non-acid luminal environment is not,
      by itself, a sufficient stimulus for gastrin cell hyperplasia.

PMID- 4038823
TI  - Factors influencing the development of serum precipitins to farmer's lung antigen
      in Quebec dairy farmers.
AB  - A total of 888 randomly selected dairy farmers participated in an epidemiological
      study to evaluate the prevalence of precipitins to farmer's lung antigens, and
      the socioeconomic factors associated with their presence. Precipitins were
      present in 75 farmers (8.4%) (65 to Micropolyspora faeni, seven to Aspergillus
      spp, two to both Aspergillus and Micropolyspora faeni, and one to Aspergillus and
      Thermoactinomyces vulgaris). The titres ranged from a dilution of 1/32 to a
      concentration of X 2 (Ouchterlony's double diffusion method). In the study
      population there were 544 who had never smoked, 146 ex-smokers, and 198 smokers.
      Sixty nine precipitin positive subjects were either never smokers or ex-smokers;
      only six were smokers. The negative relationship between cigarette smoking and
      precipitins was highly significant (p = 0.004). Factors positively associated
      with positive precipitin reactions were: size of farm, time spent in the barn,
      and the presence of a family member previously diagnosed as having farmer's lung
      disease. Interestingly, positive precipitin reactions were not associated with
      any of the following: use of silos, hay conditioners, or hay dryers; the presence
      or quantity of mouldy hay; or the presence of respiratory symptoms. It is
      concluded that precipitin analysis is not useful as a screening method for
      farmer's lung, though it can be of diagnostic value in acute farmer's lung
      disease.

PMID- 4038824
TI  - Effect of specific thromboxane-synthetase inhibition on thromboxane and
      prostaglandin synthesis in stable angina induced by exercise test.
AB  - 14 patients with effort induced angina pectoris were treated with a specific TxB2
      inhibitor Dazoxiben or verapamil for two weeks with a wash-out period of 14 days
      between the two regimens. A sub-maximal bicycle test was performed before
      treatment and at the end of each treatment period. The bicycle test induced a
      significant increase in serum TxB2 in patients without treatment and during
      verapamil therapy. This increase was significantly inhibited by Dazoxiben
      treatment. No alterations in plasma TxB2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were observed on
      either regimen. Dazoxiben had no clinical effect, while verapamil caused a highly
      significant prolongation of exercise time.

PMID- 4038825
TI  - [Cisplatin drug therapy. Antiemetic treatment. Experiences with the use of high
      dose metoclopramide combined with chlopromazine and prochlorperazine].

PMID- 4038826
TI  - Chronic low-lead exposure from birth produces deficits in discrimination reversal
      in monkeys.
AB  - Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were dosed from birth with 100, 50, or 0
      micrograms/kg/day of lead. This protocol resulted in blood lead concentrations of
      25, 15, or 3 micrograms/dl, respectively, before withdrawal of infant formula at
      200 days of age. Blood lead concentration declined thereafter over the next 100
      to 150 days to steady-state levels of 13, 11, or 3 micrograms/dl. At
      approximately 3 years of age, monkeys were tested on a series of three
      discrimination reversal tasks: nonspatial form discrimination, nonspatial color
      discrimination with irrelevant form cues, and nonspatial form discrimination with
      irrelevant color cues. The higher dose group was impaired relative to controls
      over the entire experiment (all three tasks combined), the two form
      discrimination tasks combined, and the form discrimination with no irrelevant
      cues. Deficits were most marked over the first several reversals. The lower dose
      group was impaired on the color discrimination task and on the last several
      reversals of all tasks combined. In addition, the higher dose group was impaired
      relative to the lower dose group over the entire experiment.

PMID- 4038827
TI  - [Deaths due to suicide and accidents in relation to menstrual cycle].

PMID- 4038828
TI  - Retention of urine in genital herpetic infection. Survey and case report.
AB  - During the last years several cases of acute urinary retention, due to genital
      herpetic infection, have been described, especially in youngsters. The condition
      is caused by neurogenic dysfunction due to a sacral meningomyelitis. The clinical
      picture before the acute attack is characterized by painful genital eruptions;
      fever and malaise; tender inguinal lymph nodes; paresthesia in the perineum and
      on the inside of the thigh, and obstipation. Skin and mucous membrane
      manifestations are often sparse or located so that they are easily overlooked.
      The treatment is bladder drainage until the patient is able to void
      spontaneously. Most of the patients regain normal bladder function within 10
      days, but bladder dysfunction for 5 weeks has been described. We present a
      typical case of acute urinary retention due to genital herpetic infection.

PMID- 4038829
TI  - Sexual and marital relationships after treatment for nonseminomatous testicular
      cancer.
AB  - Data from 121 patient questionnaires suggest that treatment for nonseminomatous
      testicular cancer not only causes sterility but also disrupts marital and sexual
      happiness in 10 to 20 per cent of patients. Treatment included unilateral
      orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy alone in 47 men; 30 had
      additional chemotherapy, 8 had additional radiotherapy, and 26 were treated with
      all three modalities. Erectile and orgasmic problems were more prevalent when
      radiotherapy was included. Compared with healthy men, patients reported less
      sexual activity, lower sexual desire, more erectile dysfunction, more difficulty
      achieving orgasm, reduced orgasmic intensity, and, for 82 per cent, a greatly
      reduced semen volume. The longer the time since treatment, the more likely the
      patient was to have antegrade ejaculation. Although the patients' 12.8 per cent
      divorce and/or separation rate is not unusually high, those whose marriages ended
      cited sexual dysfunction and cancer treatment as significant sources of stress.
      Sterility was a frequent source of anxiety for one quarter of the patients.

PMID- 4038830
TI  - Priapism.

PMID- 4038831
TI  - Treatment of gid.

PMID- 4038832
TI  - Index Lists provided by the VAMPP computer programme for dairy herd health and
      production control. II. Interpretation and analysis of data on Index List 2.
AB  - In a series of four papers computerized herd reports on various aspects of dairy
      farming, the Index Lists, are presented for herd health and production control
      purposes. This second paper presents Index List 2, on calving, breeding
      efficiency and lameness. The information from this list is suitable to monitor
      herd performance, especially when used in combination with information from other
      index lists. Methods for interpretation and evaluation of the data listed are
      provided. Evaluations should take those aspects related to reproduction and
      lameness into account. The use of current information and prompt computerized
      analysis in detecting deviations in index figures and providing advice to farm
      management is discussed.

PMID- 4038833
TI  - C6-deficiency in rabbit serum and its restoration by normal rabbit serum or by
      normal bovine serum.
AB  - The sera from 12 out of 29 half-sibs of the New Zealand White breed of rabbit
      were inactive, when used as complement, in blood-typing tests of bovine
      erythrocytes. This defect was found to be due to a deficiency in the activity of
      the component C6. A dilution of 1:380 of pooled normal rabbit sera and a dilution
      of 1:520 of pooled normal bovine sera were capable of restoring, to 63%, the
      haemolytic capacity of the defective rabbit sera. The rate of haemolysis varied
      from 4% to 100% when the defective sera were restored by sera from different sets
      of monozygous bovine twins.

PMID- 4038834
TI  - [Angiosarcoma in newborn infants (case report)].

PMID- 4038835
TI  - Characterization of fibrinolytic activity in human vascular grafts.

PMID- 4038836
TI  - [Metabolic mechanisms of long-term effects of environmental chemical factors-
      carcinogenic, embryotoxic, gonadotoxic, mutagenic and gerontologic effects].

PMID- 4038837
TI  - [Epidemiology of fatal abnormalities in Switzerland].
AB  - Official certificates of stillbirth and infant death are analysed in the birth
      cohort of 1979-81. Congenital malformations account for approx. 40% of infant
      mortality. Cantonal differences in malformation rates are not explained by
      different incidence of such malformations only, but also by differences in
      lethality. Incidence of Anencephaly is examined in detail.

PMID- 4038838
TI  - Glial filaments are a major brain fraction in infantile neuronal ceroid
      lipofuscinosis.
AB  - Extremely severe gliosis develops at the end stage of infantile neuronal ceroid
      lipofuscinosis (INCL), a fatal encephalopathy characterized by accumulation of
      autofluorescent storage material in the brain and other tissues followed by a
      terminal subtotal neuronal and myelin loss. A major fraction of highly enriched
      intermediate filaments was obtained with a density gradient centrifugation method
      from INCL brain tissue, whereas the storage material represented only a minor
      fraction. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the filament fraction showed
      a major protein with molecular weight of 51 kD and three to four polypeptides of
      40-48 kD identified as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and its degradation
      products by the immunoblotting technique with monoclonal antibodies against GFAP.
      Immunization experiments with the isolated INCL glial filament fraction produced
      antibodies reacting only with GFAP but not with other types of intermediate
      filament proteins, furthermore indicating a high content of GFAP in the isolated
      fraction. No significant amounts of vimentin or other types of intermediate
      filament proteins could be detected. These results document the extremely high
      content of glial filaments at the terminal stage of INCL and suggest that INCL
      brain may serve as a good human model for studies on the composition of glial
      filaments in vivo and on the pathogenesis of gliosis.

PMID- 4038839
TI  - Axonal and myelin lesions in beta-mannosidosis: ultrastructural characteristics.
AB  - Ultrastructural changes in central nervous system (CNS) white matter of three
      goats affected with beta-mannosidosis were analyzed to further define
      characteristics and pathogenesis of axonal and myelin abnormalities. The
      variations in myelin association and contents of axonal spheroids were
      delineated. The occurrence of spheroids in a 96/150-day fetus documented the
      early development of these axonal lesions. In regions of severe myelin deficits,
      the presence of apparently normal axons and a reduction in the number of
      oligodendrocytes were confirmed. Many remaining cells in myelin-deficient regions
      were characterized by dark, vacuolated cytoplasm. The occurrence of internodes
      with myelin sheaths adjacent to internodes without myelin sheaths suggested that
      an axonal defect is not primarily responsible for the absence of myelin sheaths.
      A mild myelin deficit in the spinal cord was indicated by the presence of
      unmyelinated axons. Except for occasional mild cytoplasmic vacuolation, the
      spinal cord glial cells appeared relatively normal. The findings presented here
      are consistent with the hypothesis that an oligodendrocyte defect, expressed by
      regional differences, is a major factor in the pathogenesis of myelin deficiency
      in beta-mannosidosis.

PMID- 4038840
TI  - Treatment of advanced endometrial carcinoma with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and
      doxorubicin.
AB  - A patient with advanced adenocarcinoma of the endometrium was treated with
      cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. This regimen achieved surgically
      proved complete remission. No severe drug-related toxicity occurred.

PMID- 4038841
TI  - Haemangioblastoma of the brain. Computed tomography and angiographic studies in
      17 patients.
AB  - Between 1975 and 1983, 17 patients who underwent surgery for haemangioblastomas
      of the brain (16 lesions occurring in the posterior fossa) were studied with CT
      scans (17 cases) and vertebral angiograms (15 cases). The CT scans were superior
      for demonstrating a cystic tumour, its topography in the posterior fossa, its
      relationship to the fourth ventricle, and the presence and degree of an
      obstructive hydrocephalus. The vertebral angiographies were more sensitive and
      specific than CT for revealing the vascular nature, and were imperative in order
      to establish the supply and drainage of the tumours. It is clear that CT and
      angiography each make an important contribution toward defining these tumours.
      Their association is necessary.

PMID- 4038842
TI  - Asymmetric septal hypertrophy and sympathetic overactivity in normotensive
      hemodialyzed patients.
AB  - Sympathetic activity has been evaluated in 23 chronic uremic normotensive
      patients on long-term hemodialysis. M-mode and bidimensional echocardiographic
      finding of asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) was shown in seven (30.4%).
      Sympathetic function was assessed by determining arterial plasma norepinephrine
      (plasma NE) and epinephrine (plasma E) in supine and upright positions, both
      before and after dialysis. After dialysis standing caused a significant increase
      in plasma NE levels in the patients with ASH in comparison to the patients
      without ASH and the control group. A significant decrease in mean blood pressure
      (mBP) and a sharp heart rate (HR) increase were detected in the patients without
      ASH, whereas mBP and HR were unchanged in the patients with ASH. Predialysis
      serum creatinine and fasting triglycerides were found to be significantly higher
      in the group with ASH. These results suggest that sympathetic overactivity may
      play a role in the development of interventricular septum hypertrophy. This
      increased neurosympathetic responsiveness is probably related to the
      counteraction of the postural dialysis-induced hypotension.

PMID- 4038843
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the heart.

PMID- 4038844
TI  - Otitis media and language performance in a cohort of Apache Indian children.
AB  - Language performance was evaluated in 167 healthy Apache Indian children aged 6
      to 8 years, who had contrasting histories of otitis media and who had been
      followed since birth. All children received pneumatic otoscopy, tympanometry,
      pure tone audiometry, and a battery of language measures. Groups were similar
      with respect to age, sex, school experience, family income, housing, primary
      language spoken, and nonverbal intelligence. No statistically or clinically
      significant differences in language performance were observed between groups of
      children with frequent episodes of otitis media and those from the same cohort
      with infrequent otitis. While frequent otitis media was associated with
      abnormalities on tympanometry and otoscopy, bilateral hearing loss (greater than
      25 dB) was observed in only 1% of the children.

PMID- 4038845
TI  - Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in the course of Kaposi's sarcoma--report of
      a case.
AB  - Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with Kaposi's sarcoma in a 42-year
      old male from the south of Saudi Arabia is reported. This association has not
      previously been reported in the medical literature. The occurrence of Kaposi's
      sarcoma in renal transplant recipients and in those suffering from acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome has been well documented. Kaposi's sarcoma has been
      infrequently reported in association with autoimmune disorders. The diagnosis of
      autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura was made after all secondary causes of
      thrombocytopenic purpura has been excluded. The diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma was
      confirmed by the histopathological examination of a skin biopsy. To the best of
      our knowledge, this is the first report of such an association.

PMID- 4038846
TI  - High-dose intravenous IgG in the management of pregnancy in women with idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) may develop during pregnancy or affect
      later pregnancies, causing serious risks of bleeding to the mother and fetus.
      High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) has caused an immediate and
      predictable rise in platelet count during the infusion in both adults and
      children with chronic or acute ITP. The rapid rise in platelet counts may be
      important in preparing pregnant women with ITP for surgery or delivery. We report
      our experience in managing two women at weeks 29 and 37 week of gestation who
      required splenectomy and/or cesarean section. Both patients demonstrated an
      increase in platelet counts, underwent surgery without excess bleeding, and had
      normal infants with normal platelets, and with mild thrombocytopenia at delivery.

PMID- 4038847
TI  - Successful management of thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic anemia, and acute
      renal failure by plasmapheresis.
AB  - We report on the outcome of six consecutive adult patients who presented with
      microangiopathic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Clinical parameters on admission
      included platelet counts less than 45,000/mm3, microangiopathic red blood cell
      morphology, mental status abnormalities, and in three, rapidly progressive
      azotemia requiring dialysis. All patients underwent plasma exchange therapy as
      part of their treatments. Patients with renal failure underwent plasma exchange
      with a hollow fiber plasma separator, while those without renal failure were
      treated with a cytocentrifuge. All received fresh frozen plasma as replacement
      solution and were treated with glucocorticoids as well. For all six patients,
      plasmapheresis and conventional drug therapy resulted in remission that has
      lasted for 16 +/- 5 months (range 8 to 24 months). Early cessation of
      plasmapheresis in two patients resulted in rapid relapse. Patients who required
      dialysis now have a mean creatinine of 2.0 +/- 0.9 mg/dL (range 1.2 to 3.5). With
      similar volumes of exchange, and the same number of treatments, less fresh frozen
      plasma was used in the three patients treated with the hollow fiber separator
      than in patients treated with the cytocentrifuge (6.3 +/- 3.7 v 14.8 +/- 4.3
      U/exchange, P less than 0.05). We conclude that plasmapheresis is a useful
      therapeutic modality for the treatment of thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic
      hemolytic anemia. In addition the use of a hollow fiber plasma separator for
      plasmapheresis is safe and efficient, particularly when concurrent dialysis is
      required.

PMID- 4038848
TI  - Twin concordance for a binary trait. II. Nested analysis of ever-smoking and ex
      smoking traits and unnested analysis of a "committed-smoking" trait.
AB  - Twin concordance rates for a binary trait can provide information about causes of
      trait variation. However, if trait prevalence varies with age (or birth cohort)
      or between the sexes, trait concordance rates will be artificially inflated
      because of the matching within pairs of twins. Our previous paper showed how to
      minimize the effects of such confounding by using logistic regression to model
      trait prevalence as a function of age and sex and that the binary correlation
      coefficient was useful as a measure of concordance that can be adjusted for trait
      prevalence. This method is extended here to allow for nested analyses and is
      applied to the smoking habits of a sample of 3,807 pairs of adult twins. For
      monozygotic (MZ) twins, the correlation coefficients for the binary trait of
      "ever-smoking" (males: .50 +/- .04; females: .60 +/- .02) were significantly
      greater than for dizygotic (DZ) twins (males: .37 +/- .05; females: .31 +/- .04;
      unlike-sex pairs: .21 +/- .03). For "giving-up smoking," given that both twins
      were previously smokers, the correlations for MZ twins (males: .37 +/- .07;
      females: .29 +/- .05) were also greater than for DZ twins (males: .11 +/- .09;
      females: .26 +/- .08; unlike-sex pairs: .13 +/- .06), although the difference was
      not statistically significant for females. Current smokers who had been smoking
      for at least 10 years were arbitrarily defined as "committed-smokers." The binary
      trait of "committed-smoking" was more strongly correlated in MZ twins (males: .41
      +/- .06; females: .41 +/- .04) than in DZ twins (males: .22 +/- .08; females: .18
      +/- .05; unlike-sex pairs: .16 +/- .05). These observations suggest that as well
      as depending on socially determined environmental factors, smoking behavior is
      influenced by genetic factors and/or by environmental factors unique to the MZ
      twin environment, which are of particular importance as determinants of
      "committed-smoking." There is a need for further research to investigate the
      personal characteristics of "committed-smokers" and to seek intervention
      strategies that are more suited to the needs of individual smokers.

PMID- 4038849
TI  - Genes controlling gp25/30 cell-surface molecules map to chromosomes X and Y and
      escape X-inactivation.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody AbO13 defines a cell-surface antigen that is expressed on
      most cultured human cells, but not on rodent cells. AbO13 precipitates
      glycoproteins of 25,000 and 30,000 mol. wt. from lysates of [3H]glucosamine
      labeled human cells. Results of the serological typing of a panel of 25 rodent
      human somatic cell hybrid clones show that reactivity with AbO13 segregates with
      the human X and Y chromosomes. The presence of either of these chromosomes is
      sufficient for O13 expression on the hybrid cell surface. Analysis of hybrid
      clones containing human X chromosomes with karyotypically defined deletions
      permitted the regional assignment of the X-linked gene locus controlling the
      expression of O13 to Xp22-pter. In addition, AbO13 is reactive with Chinese
      hamster-human hybrids derived from fibroblasts of a 49,XXXXX individual that
      contained only inactivated copies of the human X chromosome. These results
      suggest that the X-linked locus determining the expression of O13 is not subject
      to X-inactivation.

PMID- 4038850
TI  - Use of calcium channel blockers in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Recent studies in patients with either obstructive or nonobstructive hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy have suggested that increased resistance to diastolic filling of
      the stiff left ventricle may be an important mechanism contributing to symptoms.
      These observations have led to exploration of the effects of calcium channel
      blockers on systolic and diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy. Acute hemodynamic studies using verapamil and nifedipine have
      shown that these agents tend to cause: (1) a slight fall in systemic arterial
      pressure and reflex increase in heart rate; (2) a reduction in left ventricular
      outflow gradient in most but not all patients; and (3) variable effect on left
      side heart filling pressures. In contrast to beta-adrenergic blockers, these
      hemodynamic effects are not associated with depression of systolic function, but
      appear to be related to improved left ventricular distensibility. Clinical trials
      have suggested that long-term administration of verapamil in patients with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy promotes improvement in symptomatic status and
      exercise tolerance in many but not all patients; similar results have been
      reported in preliminary studies using nifedipine. Potential major adverse effects
      include depression of sinoatrial activity and atrioventricular conduction with
      verapamil, and marked hypotension and, rarely, pulmonary edema with both
      verapamil and nifedipine.

PMID- 4038851
TI  - Male-to-male transmission of the hypertelorism-hypospadias (BBB) syndrome.
AB  - A boy and his father with the hypertelorism-hypospadias (BBB) syndrome are
      described. This example of male-to-male transmission is evidence that the BBB
      syndrome is not due to an X-linked gene.

PMID- 4038852
TI  - Precipitated opiate abstinence in utero.
AB  - Following direct infusion of morphine (0.6 to 80.0 mg/hr) to the fetal lamb for 2
      to 6 hours, naloxone administration precipitated a fetal abstinence syndrome
      consisting of desynchronization of electrocortical activity; increased total body
      movements, neck tone, and eye movements; continuous rapid, deep breathing
      movements; immediate bradycardia associated with transient increases in systolic,
      diastolic, and pulse pressures; and meconium staining of the amniotic fluid. This
      syndrome resembles that observed in the opiate-abstinent human neonate.

PMID- 4038853
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone treatment on sex steroid-binding protein, corticosteroid
      binding globulin, and steroid hormones in cycling rhesus macaques.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that dexamethasone lowers sex steroid-binding protein
      levels and observed the effect of dexamethasone on corticosteroid-binding
      globulin and specific steroid hormones in plasma. Four cycling rhesus macaques
      were studied during three consecutive menstrual cycles (first and third cycles
      served as controls). In the second cycle, each animal received 0.5 mg of
      dexamethasone intramuscularly at 8:00 AM and 8:00 PM daily for 21 consecutive
      days. Blood samples were taken at 1- to 3-day intervals during each cycle.
      Concentrations of sex steroid-binding protein, corticosteroid-binding globulin,
      cortisol, testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol were measured in plasma. The
      percentage and plasma concentration of free testosterone were also determined.
      Within 2 days of treatment, dexamethasone suppressed cortisol to 5% of baseline
      values, which returned in the third cycle. All cycles were ovulatory.
      Dexamethasone significantly lowered plasma levels of all the compounds except
      progesterone: sex steroid-binding protein, -30%; corticosteroid-binding globulin,
      -14%; testosterone, -36%; and estradiol, -45%. The percentage of free
      testosterone was significantly elevated, but free testosterone concentrations
      were unchanged. Although our data conclusively show that dexamethasone suppresses
      plasma sex steroid-binding protein levels in the rhesus macaque, it remains to be
      established whether this suppressive effect leads to an increase in the metabolic
      clearance rate of testosterone.

PMID- 4038855
TI  - Treatment of diabetic traction retinal detachment with the pulsed neodymium-YAG
      laser.
AB  - Three patients with diabetic traction retinal detachment not involving the
      central macula were treated with the pulsed neodymium-YAG laser. In each case,
      with energy levels of 9 to 11 mJ, vitreous traction bands were sectioned and the
      traction retinal detachment diminished or disappeared. Other than a small
      choroidal hemorrhage in one instance, no adverse side effects occurred. The
      pulsed neodymium-YAG laser may provide a new therapeutic modality in a few
      selected cases of diabetic traction retinal detachment.

PMID- 4038854
TI  - Recurrent abortions, thromboses, and a circulating anticoagulant.
AB  - A syndrome occurring recently in young women and consisting of recurrent
      abortions, thromboses, and a circulating anticoagulant is described. It is
      suggested that an antiphospholipid antibody may be responsible for this clinical
      complex.

PMID- 4038856
TI  - Effect of conceptus number, hysterectomy, and progesterone on prolactin surges in
      rats.
AB  - Mating induces two daily surges of prolactin (PRL) secretion in the rat.
      Termination of the diurnal and nocturnal surges coincides with the development of
      the placenta and the secretion of rat placental lactogen (RPL). The number of
      conceptuses present was altered to induce changes in RPL levels in the blood. The
      presence of one intact viable conceptus is sufficient to cause termination of the
      diurnal PRL surge. The presence of one or zero conceptuses allowed resumption of
      the nocturnal surge after day 14, whereas presence of two or more conceptuses
      prevented the surge. Hysterectomy on day 14 allowed the resumption of the
      nocturnal PRL surges for 2 days and diurnal PRL surges for 3 days. Progesterone
      treatment stimulated an additional third nocturnal PRL surge and blunted the
      magnitude of the resuming diurnal surges. It is concluded that secretions from
      the conceptus and progesterone contribute to the regulation of prolactin during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 4038857
TI  - Frequency modulation and synchronization of spontaneous oscillations in cardiac
      cells.
AB  - Both intact mammalian cardiac muscle and single adult Ca2+-tolerant myocytes,
      under appropriate experimental conditions, exhibit periodic, spontaneous
      myofilament oscillations that originate locally within a cell and propagate
      longitudinally as contractile waves. We have used microscopic imaging techniques
      to study the effect of electrical stimulation on the oscillation characteristics
      in single rat and rabbit myocytes. Unstimulated rat cells bathed in Cao of 1-3 mM
      exhibited these oscillations. During stimulation at rates between 6 and 120 min
      1, oscillations did not occur in the interval between stimulated contractions,
      and following termination of stimulation a transient suppression of the
      spontaneous oscillation frequency occurred. Conversely, with higher cell Ca2+
      loading, achieved by increasing the [Ca2+]o or by addition of isoproterenol or
      ouabain, stimulation caused de novo oscillations in rabbit cells and increased
      the spontaneous oscillation frequency in rat cells to levels that resulted in
      their appearance between stimulated contractions. The tendency for myofilament
      motion to occur simultaneously at multiple foci was also increased by stimulation
      at high frequencies, and partial synchronization of these foci resulted in
      oscillations of an increased amplitude. The modulation of the spontaneous
      oscillation characteristics in single cells by stimulation may explain, in part,
      some effects of stimulation on Ca2+-dependent oscillatory phenomena in intact
      cardiac tissues.

PMID- 4038858
TI  - Statistical significance tests for autoradiographic data.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to develop statistical methods that take radiation
      spread into account in analyzing data from different autoradiographic
      experiments. The method uses the probability circle analysis of Salpeter and
      McHenry (1973) to obtain the probable source of each radioactive emission and the
      circle and point counting method of Williams (1969) to estimate the relative area
      occupied by each cellular site. Two levels of analysis are presented. The first
      level of analysis is concerned with estimating relative activities and standard
      errors for cellular items that are larger than the probability circle. The second
      level of analysis involves estimating relative activities and standard errors for
      cellular sites that are smaller than the probability circle and are therefore
      observed in circles containing another item such as cytoplasmic matrix. Two
      different tests of hypotheses are discussed. The first null hypothesis is that
      the radioactivity is randomly distributed among the cellular sites. The second
      null hypothesis is that there is no difference between two different treatments
      in the relative activities for a given site.

PMID- 4038859
TI  - Inhibition and stimulation of enflurane metabolism in the rat following a single
      dose or chronic administration of ethanol.
AB  - The effects of a single oral dose or chronic ingestion of ethanol on in vivo and
      in vitro metabolism of enflurane were studied in Fischer 344 rats. At various
      intervals after ethanol treatment, enflurane was administered ip and 1 h after
      enflurane administration fluoride and ethanol levels were measured in plasma and
      hepatic microsomes were prepared. The concentration of ethanol in plasma (+/- SE)
      was 0.138 +/- 0.035% at 9 h after the single dose of ethanol and decreased almost
      to control levels by 17 h. The hepatic microsomal defluorination of enflurane was
      enhanced 3.5-fold and 6.3-fold at 9 and 25 h after the ethanol dose and returned
      to the control level by 33 h. In vivo defluorination was inhibited almost
      completely at 8 h after the ethanol dose, increased to 3.4 times the control
      level at 24 h, and decreased to the control level by 32 h. At 1 h after the end
      of chronic ethanol treatment, the concentration of ethanol in plasma was 0.254 +/
      0.018%, and it decreased to the control level by 9 h. Hepatic microsomal
      enflurane defluorinating activity was increased 10.5-fold at 1 h after the end of
      chronic treatment and decreased to the control level by 13 h. Immediately
      following chronic treatment, enflurane defluorination in vivo was almost totally
      inhibited. It increased to 9.3 times the control level at 4 h after chronic
      treatment was stopped and then decreased to nearly the control level at 12
      h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038860
TI  - Blastocystis hominis infection presenting as recurrent diarrhea.

PMID- 4038861
TI  - Platelet-aggregating factor in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 4038862
TI  - Black galactorrhea as a consequence of minocycline and phenothiazine therapy.

PMID- 4038863
TI  - Medical management of genital herpes. Advances in antiviral treatment.

PMID- 4038864
TI  - Recurrent genital herpes simplex infection. A trivial disorder.

PMID- 4038865
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the face.

PMID- 4038866
TI  - Identification of sensory neural hearing loss in very preterm infants by
      brainstem auditory evoked potentials.
AB  - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials were recorded in 117 newborn infants of less
      than 33 weeks of gestation. The potentials were absent in 10 infants (bilaterally
      in eight and unilaterally in two) and present in 107. By 1 year of age nine of
      the 10 infants with absent brainstem auditory evoked potentials were shown to
      have sensory neural hearing loss and required hearing aids: the remaining infant
      had secretory otitis media. None of the 107 infants whose auditory evoked
      potentials were present were found to have sensory neural hearing loss but 13 had
      secretory otitis media. Measurement of brainstem auditory evoked potentials is an
      accurate method of identifying sensory neural hearing loss in very preterm
      infants.

PMID- 4038867
TI  - Vascular basis for malformations in a twin.
AB  - A twin is described who was born with ileal atresia and hydranencephaly, the co
      twin having died at about 24 weeks' gestation. If a macerated or autolysed twin
      is found at birth, the paediatrician should be alerted to the possibility of
      serious and not immediately obvious defects in the surviving infant.

PMID- 4038868
TI  - Functional palatal incompetence and teratogenesis.

PMID- 4038869
TI  - Resection of pulmonary metastatic choriocarcinoma in 43 drug-resistant patients.
AB  - A regimen of multiple intermittent intensive doses of chemotherapy (chiefly 5
      fluorouracil) was used in a series of 806 women with choriocarcinoma and
      malignant mole. The rate of complete remission of choriocarcinoma was 78.6%, and
      approximately 85% of the patients survived for more than 5 years. From 1962
      through 1982, pulmonary metastatic choriocarcinoma was found to be resistant to
      chemotherapeutic agents in 43 of these patients; they subsequently underwent lung
      resection. There were no postoperative deaths, and the 5-year survival was 50%.
      These are relatively good results for patients with long-standing and widely
      disseminated choriocarcinoma. Human chorionic gonadotropin titer in urine and
      blood and variations of lung shadows are important criteria in selecting
      candidates for lung resection. For preservation of lung function, simple
      lobectomy is the first choice. Better long-term survival was obtained in patients
      who had a solitary lung lesion on admission without other major organ metastases
      and in those in whom the lung lesion was well encapsulated and became necrotic
      after chemotherapy.

PMID- 4038870
TI  - Familial postpartum transient hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Postpartum painless thyroiditis with transient hyperthyroidism is being
      recognized with increasing frequency. Evidence tends to support an autoimmune
      cause. We treated a 33-year-old woman who experienced typical postpartum painless
      thyroiditis. Her sister had had a similar episode 13 years previously, and their
      mother had had postpartum hyperthyroidism 42 years earlier. We believe that this
      familial association provides further support for autoimmunity in postpartum
      thyroiditis.

PMID- 4038871
TI  - Contrast-induced seizure associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
      Case report.
AB  - A patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura had a seizure as the result of
      a contrast media injection given during computed tomographic examination. To our
      knowledge, ours is the first such case reported.

PMID- 4038873
TI  - Some cons of PROs.

PMID- 4038872
TI  - The hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting with eosinophilic mastitis.
AB  - A case of the hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting with eosinophilic mastitis is
      described. The histopathology of the mastitis is illustrated and the patient's
      clinical course reported.

PMID- 4038874
TI  - Cisplatin potentiation of radiotherapy. Long-term follow-up.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and
      neck were treated with cisplatin, 15 mg/sq m, administered synchronously with
      high-dose radiation therapy. Twenty-nine patients (88%) responded to the regimen;
      of these, 20 had complete regression of all disease. Eight of the 20 had a
      relapse in less than one year of their treatment. Among those patients who did
      not have a relapse, the follow-up period was short. It is concluded that a
      clinical regression response is more likely with this treatment regimen than with
      radiation therapy alone, and that that response may be a better palliation.
      Further study of this combination of treatment modalities is warranted.

PMID- 4038875
TI  - Tetraphenylphosphonium ion is a true indicator of negative plasma-membrane
      potential in the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. Experiments under osmotic stress and
      at low external pH values.
AB  - In the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis, accumulation of the tetraphenylphosphonium ion
      (TPP+) was increased under conditions of osmotic stress, indicating a
      hyperpolarization of the negative membrane potential (delta psi). The following
      observations were consistent with the occurrence of hyperpolarized delta psi:
      enhanced accumulation of glucosamine, the uptake of which is also driven by delta
      psi; increased respiratory rate. The accumulation of TPP+ was gradually decreased
      by lowering the pH of cell suspensions. At pH values below 4.5, no TPP+ was taken
      up, but instead thiocyanate (SCN-) was accumulated, indicating a positive delta
      psi. The pH-dependent influx of glucosamine followed the pattern of TPP+
      accumulation both in the wild-type and in the nystatin-resistant mutant, M67,
      which displayed a negative delta psi down to pH 3. Thus TPP+ accumulation in Rh.
      glutinis reflected actual electrical potential difference across the plasma
      membrane.

PMID- 4038876
TI  - A simple method for purification of rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5.
AB  - Rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5 was purified to homogeneity by
      solubilization with the detergent Lubrol 12-A9 and chromatography on Fractogel
      TSK DEAE-650(S). The protein was obtained in high yield (52-87%) in 8 h, and only
      one polypeptide band, of Mr 16 600, was visible after sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 4038877
TI  - Stimulation of tyrosine protein kinase activity by dimethyl sulfoxide.
AB  - Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) stimulated the activity of a partially purified
      tyrosine protein kinase from rat lung. The stimulation was concentration
      dependent with a maximum stimulation (about 2 fold) observed at 10 per cent (V/V)
      DMSO. On the other hand, acetone (10 percent, V/V), did not exert any stimulatory
      effect on the enzyme activity. The stimulation was associated with a decrease in
      the Km for the substrate and an increase in the Vmax. In contrast, the Km for ATP
      was not affected by DMSO. Under identical assay conditions, DMSO did not
      significantly alter the activities of phosphorylase kinase, catalytic subunit of
      cAMP-dependent protein kinase and Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. It
      may be speculated that stimulation of tyrosine protein kinase may be one of the
      mechanisms by which DMSO exerts its biological effects.

PMID- 4038878
TI  - Adenosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imino)triphosphate and guanosine 5'-O-(2
      thiodiphosphate) do not necessarily provide non-phosphorylating conditions in
      adenylate cyclase studies.
AB  - Commercial preparations of adenosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imino)triphosphate
      (App(NH)p) were found to be contaminated with a GTP-like substance(s) as well as
      a phosphate donor(s) for GDP. Thus, when these preparations were used as
      substrate with no purification, GDP was as effective as GTP in promoting PGE1
      stimulation of human platelet adenylate cyclase. With purified App(NH)p as
      substrate, the effect of PGE1 with GDP was reduced but still observable, while
      that with GTP was unaltered. PGE1 also caused a stimulation in the presence of
      guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate)(GDP beta S) with ATP as substrate. Both of the
      PGE1-stimulated activities observed with GDP and its analog were completely lost
      by the addition of UDP, thereby, inhibiting GTP formation catalyzed by membrane
      associated nucleoside diphosphate kinase. The results demonstrate that the
      stimulatory effects of PGE1 observed with GDP and App(NH)p, and with GDP beta S
      and ATP were transphosphorylation dependent and, therefore, the analogs must be
      used with special caution in adenylate cyclase studies.

PMID- 4038879
TI  - A highly sensitive assay for glutathione transferase using 4,5-dihydro
      epoxybenzo(a)pyrene as substrate.

PMID- 4038880
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura developing during pregnancy in a C2-deficient
      patient with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 4038881
TI  - Non-protein bound oestradiol, sex hormone binding globulin, breast cancer and
      breast cancer risk.
AB  - It has recently been found by various authors that despite a normal serum
      concentration of oestradiol (E2), the percentage of non-protein-bound or free E2
      is abnormally high in breast cancer patients. Since it is the free E2 which is
      considered to be biologically active, confirmation of this finding would be most
      relevant to the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Using Hammond's centrifugal
      ultrafiltration dialysis method we have measured free E2 in heparinized plasma
      from 68 premenopausal women (a) at high familial risk of breast cancer (n = 18),
      (b) with benign breast disease (n = 17), (c) cured of T1N0M0 breast cancer at
      least 6 months previously (n = 17) and (d) normal controls matched for age,
      parity and Quetelet index (n = 16). Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was
      measured as [3H]-dihydrotestosterone binding capacity. Free E2 and SHBG were also
      measured in the serum of (e) postmenopausal patients having breast cancer (n =
      38) and (f) matched control cancer patients (n = 67). We confirmed a very good
      inverse correlation between log free E2 per cent and log SHBG (P less than
      0.0001). The regression lines for groups (a)-(d) were not statistically
      different. The regression lines for groups (e) and (f) were identical and ran
      nearly parallel to those for groups (a)-(d) though somewhat lower. This small
      difference may be ascribed to menopausal status. Therefore, we found no
      difference in free E2 percentage, calculated free E2 concentration or SHBG
      between premenopausal women at risk, women with benign breast disease, patients
      cured for early breast cancer or having breast cancer and matched controls.
      However, postmenopausal breast cancer patients had a significantly higher total
      serum E2 concentration and, by consequence a higher calculated free E2
      concentration compared to the carefully matched control group.

PMID- 4038882
TI  - Hormonal studies in women with premenstrual tension.
AB  - Serum hormone concentrations were determined at intervals during the last 17 days
      of the menstrual cycle in 35 patients with premenstrual tension (PMT) and 11
      control subjects without symptoms. The maximum mean concentration of oestradiol
      occurred 17 days before menstruation in the patients and 14 days before in the
      controls. The maximum concentrations of progesterone were similar in the two
      groups but the mean concentrations rose earlier in the cycle in the patients with
      PMT. These results suggested that the patients tended to ovulate earlier in the
      cycle than the controls and on the basis of the ovulatory surge in gonadotrophins
      two groups could be identified, group A who showed signs of ovulation 14 days or
      less before menstruation (17 patients, 9 controls) and group B who ovulated more
      than 14 days before menstruation (18 patients, 2 controls). There were no
      significant differences between the groups in prolactin, thyroid stimulating
      hormone or testosterone levels, but cortisol concentrations were uniformly higher
      in both groups of patients compared with those in the controls. Follicular growth
      was assessed with ultrasound in 18 patients and 16 control subjects. Mean
      follicular diameters were significantly lower in the patients than in the control
      group at the time of ovulation. Oestradiol determinations done at the same time
      correlated with the diameters and were also significantly lower in the patient
      group. The results suggest that ovulation tends to occur prematurely in women
      with PMT.

PMID- 4038884
TI  - Model for interactions of amino acid side chains with Watson-Crick base pair of
      guanine and cytosine: crystal structure of 9-(2-carbamoylethyl)guanine and 1
      methylcytosine complex.
AB  - As a model of interaction between the guanine-cytosine base pair and carbamoyl
      group, the crystal structure of 9-(2-carbamoylethyl)guanine-1-methylcytosine
      complex has been studied by X-ray method. The crystal data are a = 8.540 (1) A, b
      = 12.693 (3) A, c = 14.249 (2) A, beta = 94.02 (1) degrees, space group P21/c, Z
      = 4, dm = 1.50, dc = 1.49 g cm-3, and R = 0.10 for 1035 reflections. The bases
      form a Watson-Crick pair, and the carbamoyl group is hydrogen bonded with O(6) of
      guanine and N(4) of cytosine in the adjacent pairs. A structural correlation has
      been found between the hydrogen-bonding pattern and the secondary structural
      fitting of alpha-helical segment with B-form DNA.

PMID- 4038883
TI  - Physiological and pathobiological significance of ocular glycoproteins. I.
      Studies using fluorescein labelled glycine max.
AB  - Cell surface carbohydrates play an important role in several biological,
      immunological, and neoplastic phenomena including development, growth regulation,
      cellular locomotion, receptor activation, and tumour metastasis. Fluorescein
      labelled lectins which bind to specific carbohydrate residues in glycoproteins
      and glycolipids are being increasingly used as chemical probes to study cell
      components. Several different preparations of ocular tissues from human, rabbit,
      and rat were examined for the distribution of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (D-gal
      NAc) by means of fluorescein-labelled lectin from soybean (glycine max). A very
      strong fluorescence was observed in the corneal epithelium; Descemet's membrane
      and corneal endothelium were also strongly fluorescent. The conjunctival
      epithelium similarly showed a strong reaction, as did the goblet cells. The iris
      epithelium and the dilator pupillae were only weakly fluorescent, but the ciliary
      body showed strong fluorescence, as did the blood vessels. As compared with lens
      fibres the lens epithelium was strongly fluorescent. The outer retina, that is,
      the photoreceptors, the pigment epithelium, and Bruch's membrane, showed a very
      strong reactivity. The optic nerve showed moderate fluorescence, but reaction
      with extraocular muscles was variable. The skin of the upper and lower eyelids,
      hair follicles, and blood vessels showed strong lectin binding. Sections of
      retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma showed no reaction. The physiological and
      pathological significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 4038885
TI  - Peroxidation of liposomes in the presence of human erythrocytes and induction of
      membrane damage of erythrocytes by peroxidized liposomes.
AB  - Hemolysis (Kobayashi, T., Takahashi, K., Yamada, A., Nojima, S. and Inoue, K.
      (1983) J. Biochem. 93, 675-680) and shedding of acetylcholinesterase-enriched
      membrane vesicles (diameter 150-200 nm) were observed when human erythrocytes
      were incubated with liposomes of phosphatidylcholine which contained
      polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains. These events occurring on erythrocyte membrane
      were inhibited by radical scavengers or incorporation of alpha-tocopherol into
      liposomes, suggesting that lipid peroxidation is involved in the process leading
      to membrane vesiculation and hemolysis. The idea was supported by findings that
      generation of chemiluminescence, formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive
      substance, accumulation of conjugated diene compounds in liposomes and decrease
      of polyunsaturated fatty acids in liposomes occurred concomitantly during
      incubation. Hemolysis was also suppressed by the addition of extra liposomes,
      insensitive to peroxidation, or of serum albumin even after the completion of
      peroxidation of liposomes. These results suggest that peroxidized lipids,
      responsible for vesiculation and hemolysis, may be formed first in liposomes and
      then gradually transferred to erythrocyte membranes. The accumulation of these
      lipids peroxides may eventually cause membrane vesiculation followed by
      hemolysis.

PMID- 4038887
TI  - Ascorbic acid regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
      activity and cholesterol synthesis in guinea pig liver.
AB  - Guinea pigs fed a normal diet show the expected diurnal variation in 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. Vitamin C deficiency, however,
      suppresses the diurnal peak activity of reductase, due to a decrease in active
      (unphosphorylated) enzyme. Inhibition of reductase is paralleled by both a fall
      in hepatic cholesterol synthesis and a rise in serum cholesterol. Incubation of
      normal guinea pig hepatic microsomes with physiologic and supraphysiologic
      concentrations of sodium ascorbate also leads to a concentration-dependent
      inhibition of reductase activity. Thus, dietary extremes of vitamin C may exert
      similar effects on reductase activity and cholesterolgenesis. Moreover, the
      changes in enzyme activity induced by ascorbic acid appear to be due in part to a
      direct effect of the vitamin on the microsomally bound enzyme.

PMID- 4038886
TI  - Glucose transport by uterine plasma membranes.
AB  - Uterine plasma membrane preparations were obtained by centrifugation on
      discontinuous sucrose gradients. The specific activity of the plasma membrane
      marker 5'-nucleotidase was increased 10-fold while the specific activity of
      glucose-6-phosphatase was increased 3-fold. Electron microscopy showed mainly
      closed vesicles having diameters mainly in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 micron and an
      absence of other recognizable organelles such as mitochondria. D-Glucose
      transport was inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, phloretin, and cytochalasin B.
      Uptake was prevented at high osmotic pressures. The Km of glucose transport was
      12.2 +/- 1.1 mM. Studies of the inhibition of [3H]cytochalasin B binding by D
      glucose indicated that the value of the Kd of the cytochalasin B-transporter
      complex was larger than 1 microM. These data demonstrate the potential usefulness
      of these preparations in the study of glucose transport in rat uterus and its
      control by steroid hormones.

PMID- 4038888
TI  - High tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity in normal human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Tyrosine-specific protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37)
      activity was measured in normal human nonadherent peripheral blood lymphocytes
      using synthetic peptide substrates having sequence homologies with either pp60src
      or c-myc. A high level of tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity was found
      associated with the cell particulate fraction (100 000 X g pellet). High-pressure
      liquid chromatography and phosphoamino acid analysis of the synthetic peptide
      substrates substantiated the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues by the
      particulate fraction enzyme. The human enzyme was also capable of phosphorylating
      a synthetic random polymer of 80% glutamic acid and 20% tyrosine. Enzyme activity
      was half-maximal with 22 microM Mg X ATP and had apparent Km values for the
      synthetic peptides from 1.9 to 7.1 mM. The enzyme preferred Mg2+ to Mn2+ for
      optimal activity and was stimulated 2-5-fold by low levels (0.05%) of some ionic
      as well as non-ionic detergents including deoxycholate, Nonidet P-40 and Triton X
      100. The enzyme activity was not stimulated by N6;O2'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP (100
      microM), N6;O2'-dibutyryl cyclic GMP (100 microM), Ca2+ (200 microM), insulin (1
      microgram/ml) or homogeneous human T-cell growth factor (3 micrograms/ml) under
      the conditions used. Alkaline-resistant phosphorylation of particulate proteins
      in vitro revealed protein bands with Mr 59 000 and 54 000 suggesting that there
      are endogenous substrates for the human lymphocyte tyrosine protein kinase.

PMID- 4038889
TI  - Alterations in cholinergic receptors mediate the effects of dexamethasone on
      corticosterone.

PMID- 4038890
TI  - Metabolic fate of O-[4-[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]phenyl] O-ethyl S-propyl
      phosphorothioate in a lactating cow.

PMID- 4038891
TI  - The effect of synthetic ovarian hormones on an in vivo model of thrombosis in the
      rat.
AB  - The effects of endogenous and exogenous, synthetic ovarian hormones on thrombus
      formation have been examined using an in vivo model in the rat. Thrombus
      formation in female rats was greatest during the di-oestrus stage of the oestrous
      cycle. Thrombus formation in both male and female rats was reduced following 6
      weeks treatment with the oestrogen, ethynyl oestradiol whilst in females the
      progestogen, norethindrone acetate had no effect. These findings are in contrast
      to the increased risk of thromboembolic disorders reported in women taking oral
      contraceptives. The inhibitory effect of ethynyl oestradiol was not due to
      changes in blood flow but was dependent on the heparin concentration, being
      greatest at the highest heparin concentration used. Thrombus formation was
      greater in male rats than in females, a sex difference which is consistent with
      the higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in men than in women.

PMID- 4038893
TI  - Supraspinal and spinal mediation of naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal in rats.
AB  - Unanesthetized rats, made physically dependent over 5 days by chronic intra
      arterial infusion of increasing concentrations of morphine (35-100 mg/kg/day)
      underwent withdrawal by naloxone (6 micrograms) injection into either the lateral
      ventricle (i.c.v.), fourth ventricle (V4), intrathecal subarachnoid space (i.t.),
      or intra-arterially (i.a.) and were evaluated for cardiovascular and behavioral
      signs of precipitated abstinence. Naloxone i.c.v. produced a significantly
      greater increase in the magnitude and duration of withdrawal hypertension than
      did V4 injection. Naloxone i.t. produced a distinctively different, persistent,
      pressor response as compared to i.c.v., V4 or i.a. routes of administration,
      although no quantitative differences in behavioral signs of withdrawal were
      observed. Morphine-dependent, spinal transected (C1) animals generated an
      augmented pressor response to i.c.v. or i.t. naloxone. This pressor response was
      accompanied by a significant reduction in core temperature (0.50-0.79 degrees C).
      Both the naloxone-induced pressor and hypothermic responses were abolished by
      ganglionic (hexamethonium, 100 mg/kg, i.a.) or peripheral alpha-adrenergic
      (phentolamine 4 mg/kg, i.a.) blockade. The hypertensive and hypothermic effects
      of naloxone also were prevented in transected dependent rats by prior spinal
      pithing. We conclude that in morphine-dependent rats: supraspinal sites rostral
      to the V4 mediate a more intense naloxone-induced pressor response than caudal
      regions; cardiovascular and behavioral signs of withdrawal can be precipitated
      via the spinal cord of intact animals; and the production of withdrawal
      hypertension and hypothermia in spinal transected morphine-dependent rats
      indicates that these abstinence signs can be mediated through neuronal pathways
      within the spinal cord.

PMID- 4038892
TI  - Natural loss of Purkinje cells during development and increased loss with
      alcohol.
AB  - In untreated rats, degenerating Purkinje cells (P cells) were present from the
      20th day of embryonic life (E20) to post-natal day 14 (PN14), but none was
      present on E17 or PN15. Ethanol increased the loss of P cells both before birth
      and up to PN6 or 8, but from PN10 no increased loss was seen. Most degenerating P
      cells were located below the P cell line. On PN3 ethanol killed some P cells in
      12 h, and the first ultrastructural change was a dilatation of the nuclear double
      membrane after 8 h. Among the surviving P cells, natural cell death continued.
      Pentothal anesthesia on PN3 did not damage P cells. Exposure to ethanol from E12
      to PN5 resulted in a large loss of P cells and retarded the foliation of the
      cerebellum.

PMID- 4038894
TI  - Normalization of dendritic spine numbers in rat hippocampus after termination of
      phenylacetate injections (PKU model).
AB  - Increased numbers of apical dendritic spines are present on hippocampal CA1
      pyramidal cells in rats injected with phenylacetate from 2 to 21 days of life if
      animals are sacrificed at 20-30 days. However, if sacrificed at 60-90 days, spine
      counts are not significantly different from saline injected controls. These
      results suggest that this increased spine density at 3-4 weeks represents
      retardation of normal maturational spine loss rather than an actual hyperplasia,
      and is reversible upon termination of the phenylacetate injections. Implications
      for human pathologic series of phenylketonuria are discussed.

PMID- 4038895
TI  - Child labor in Bombay.
AB  - Of the world's largest child labor force in India, Bombay has over 30,000 working
      children, most of them migrants. In a prospective study of 73 working children
      from a part of Dharavi, the biggest slum in Asia, 68% were working as hotel boys;
      22% had started working before their 10th birthday, a large number doing so to
      increase the family income, but earning less than Rs. 100 ($11) per month. Forty
      percent worked more than 12 hours a day and only 16% continued schooling. Two
      thirds depended entirely on their employers for food which was adequate and no
      child in the study was malnourished. Overall incidence of anemia and vitamin
      deficiency was 10% each. Only 7% had ailments related to their occupation.
      Because this was a cross-sectional study no conclusions can be drawn regarding
      long term and residual effects. Preventing children from working is likely to
      make worse their own as well as their families' problems unless substitute
      sources of income or welfare are available. Legal protection and other services
      near their working places are essential for those who have to work.

PMID- 4038897
TI  - The coming decade: unfinished tasks and new frontiers.

PMID- 4038896
TI  - Adapting Childhood Comes First for children.
AB  - In the present study, an attempt was made to adopt an intervention strategy from
      the principles expressed in Childhood Comes First: A Crash Course in Childhood
      for Adults (Helfer, 1978) to address the needs of abused children in a group
      format. The constructs underlying the tasks which comprise the crash course were
      generally found to be adaptable for use with children. They are: (1) sensory
      training; (2) self-acceptance; (3) self-control; (4) responsibility; (5)
      accepting one's own feelings; and (6) relating to others. The experience of
      working with seven abused children in a group which met weekly for six months to
      address these issues is described.

PMID- 4038898
TI  - Institutional abuse: tubal sterilization in a population at risk of ill-treating
      their children.
AB  - Among the 145 patients at risk of child abuse and neglect who were seen in 1980
      in our institution in the prevention of child abuse and neglect prenatal clinic,
      19 were sterilized after giving birth. The criteria applied to these 19 patients
      were compared to the common criteria applied to our general maternity population.
      We were able to prove that these common criteria were systematically disregarded
      in the case of a mother at risk of ill-treating her child. We further studied our
      approach from the angle of the conflict which could exist for health care
      professionals between the choice of leaving these women with the right to
      reproduce or putting an end to a history of ill-treatment of children.

PMID- 4038899
TI  - Analysis of sexual abuse hotline reports.
AB  - As concern about physical child abuse and neglect has increased, so too has the
      realization that children are also sexually exploited and abused. Yet, many
      protective service workers are often ill prepared to perform the difficult task
      of treating the abused child and his/her family. Through the analysis of sexual
      abuse hotline reports, the central aim of this study was to generate findings
      that would increase the knowledge base of protective service workers and private
      therapists engaged in treating sexually abused children and their families. To
      accomplish this task, and using seven classes of variables, analysis was
      performed on 205 substantiated cases of childhood sexual abuse. A number of
      important conclusions were discovered including: One-third of the cases had been
      reported to the agency previously; less than one-half (48%) of the victimized
      children were living with their natural fathers; natural fathers were identified
      as the perpetrator in 39% of the cases; and in contrast to other studies, a great
      number of cases (43%) involved vaginal intercourse between the victim and the
      perpetrator. Implications for treatment are also discussed, particularly in
      relation to improving resources and specialized training for workers involved in
      this highly sensitive area of practice.

PMID- 4038900
TI  - Social and legal ramifications of a child crisis line.
AB  - The article suggests the importance of a crisis line for children as a way of
      making it easier for them to report when they are abused or neglected. The
      Childhelp Line set up in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1982, has shown that such
      a service is effective in reaching critical child and family situations not
      previously known to helping professionals. The Line is manned by carefully
      selected and trained volunteers. This has proved to have significant advantages,
      particularly in the absence of mandatory reporting of child abuse. The article
      also looks at the ambivalence towards the Childhelp Line expressed by parents,
      children, counselors, and the community, and at the legal issues raised by the
      service.

PMID- 4038901
TI  - The assessment of risk in child abuse and neglect case investigations.
AB  - Estimates vary, but statistics indicate that anywhere between one and six million
      children will be abused and/or neglected this year in the United States. In the
      process of investigating reports of abuse and neglect, child protective service
      workers are called upon to make numerous case decisions. Critical to much of this
      decision making is the assessment by the worker of the potential risk of harm
      that exists to the child regarding further abuse or neglect. This paper, based on
      two separate research studies, identifies the criteria child protective service
      workers use to assess this potential risk of harm to the child. The research also
      shows that the criteria are not used as individual factors that indicate the
      presence or absence of risk. Instead the criteria form a constellation of factors
      that function for the worker in assessing the degree of potential risk to the
      child. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of research
      findings for child welfare practice.

PMID- 4038902
TI  - Unanticipated problems in the United States child protection system.
AB  - While the United States child protection system is widely recognized as probably
      the most sophisticated and wide-ranging in the world, it nevertheless has some
      inherent problems. This article addresses some of the negative effects of
      mandatory reporting and the lack of fit of a short-term crisis intervention
      treatment approach for a substantial proportion of the protective services
      population. Reporting may have detrimental effects on the client-reporter
      relationship. Further, over half of the cases investigated are not substantiated.
      Of concern are the impact on innocent families of being investigated and the
      waste of scarce worker resources on investigation. While some protective services
      families are well suited to a crisis intervention model, a large number are
      multiproblem families who are always in crisis and families with chronic problems
      for whom crisis intervention is totally inadequate. Furthermore, because of high
      caseload size, workers are often not available to intervene after they have
      investigated the case. The problems described have been exacerbated by funding
      cutbacks under the current United States administration. The child protection
      system, along with other social welfare programs, is at risk for being dismantled
      by the Reagan administration.

PMID- 4038904
TI  - Physical abuse in children under two: a study of therapeutic outcomes.
AB  - This study of physical abuse to children under the age of 2 addresses the
      prognosis of the family, compliance with treatment recommendations and the long
      term outcome of the child. Data were collected from a multidisciplinary
      evaluation team and from the Department of Human Services' records on 71
      children. Nearly all families were referred for mental health counseling and
      parent training, but only 33% complied. Half of the children were abused more
      than once; 30% were abused after referral for counseling. The incidence of
      reabuse was unrelated to compliance with counseling. The majority of children had
      some out-of-home placement with a mean time in foster care of 11 months and in
      care of relatives for 24.4 months. In 69% of families, more than one child was
      abused. At the time of follow-up, 41% of children and 47% of siblings were not
      living with either parent. Half of the families were judged to be functioning
      poorly and only nine had made good progress in counseling.

PMID- 4038903
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of abused children (apropos of 65 cases)].
AB  - The authors work in an area located north of Paris, which contains roughly a
      population of .75 million, of which 82,000 are children less than 3 years of age.
      The center and main city of the area is the town of Amiens. The recruitment of
      their cases under study was essentially hospital based, which explains the
      relative severity of the trauma observed. The children were followed by various
      observation systems. Seventy-four children, of which more than two-thirds were
      less than 3 years of age were followed for a period varying from two to ten
      years. Forty-three percent of these children have been maintained in their
      biological families; the others have been placed. With this system only nine
      recurrences of abuse have been observed (12%), and only two instances of death
      have been observed. Other studies have demonstrated higher proportions. However,
      in two-thirds of the children observed, there were minor or major psychological
      or even psychiatric sequelae. Protection services have tried to stay away from
      institutional placement as much as possible; when necessary, the foster home
      system or adoption has been used. Striking is the lack of means available to help
      abusing families. Efforts should be made to assist the abusing families stay
      together.

PMID- 4038905
TI  - Self-esteem and early background of abusive mothers.
AB  - Thirty-six mothers whose children had been abused were interviewed and compared
      with 36 mothers matched for social class and ethnic background. The abuse group
      mothers had lower self-esteem than the comparison mothers as judged by their
      desire that their children should not grow up to be like themselves or their
      partners. They were also less likely to discuss their problems with other people.
      They were less likely than the comparison mothers to have been brought up by
      their own parents. They had significantly more negative feelings than the
      comparison mothers towards their fathers when they were children and these
      negative feelings persisted into adult life. It is important that emphasis on
      treatment programs for these mothers should be placed on building up self-esteem
      and skills in interpersonal relationships.

PMID- 4038906
TI  - Child abuse and neglect in American Indian communities.
AB  - Child abuse and neglect have recently been found to occur among American Indians
      at rates comparable to other American population groups. Little is known about
      the clinical spectrum of Indian maltreatment, the psychodynamics and effective
      treatment modalities. Cultural misunderstanding, modernization, poverty,
      situational stress, poor parenting skills because of early break-up of Indian
      families, alcoholism, unusual perceptions of children, handicapped children, and
      divorce constitute factors associated with maltreatment in cases cited. Old
      solutions of removing children from families were largely inappropriate and
      ineffective and are being replaced by local efforts to develop foster homes,
      supportive family services, and legal procedures to protect children.
      Communication between agencies involved and mistrust of outsiders plus a lack of
      trained personnel and available community resources continue to pose major
      barriers to effective treatment and prevention efforts. Recent federal policies
      and laws clearly place the responsibility for child welfare in the hands of
      Indian tribes and tribal courts. The non-Indian health professional has an
      important but limited role in providing technical expertise and in aiding
      development of community resources, taking care to support but not usurp the
      emerging leadership of Indian people.

PMID- 4038907
TI  - Question and answer: genital herpes.

PMID- 4038908
TI  - Late infertile days in early postpartum cycles.
AB  - Luteal phase abnormalities in early menstrual cycles after pregnancy have been
      shown to cause confusion in the practice of natural family planning (NFP) for
      some patients and to restrict severely the number of late infertile days
      available to others. The cause of the abnormalities is uncertain but appears to
      be related to the nursing status of the patient.

PMID- 4038909
TI  - Alternative to retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy with preservation of ejaculation
      and fertility in stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer. A prospective study.
AB  - Twenty patients with clinical Stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer have been
      staged by retroperitoneal exploration and removal of landing zone lymphatics.
      Only two patients had microscopic metastases to these landing zone lymphatics and
      underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Two patients developed chest
      metastases in 2 to 5-year follow-up. All patients had preservation of ejaculation
      and their fertility status. This relatively brief surgical staging avoids the
      complications of a formal lymphadenectomy with 100% survival, and cost
      effectiveness with excellent quality of life due to minimal complications.

PMID- 4038910
TI  - Primary splenic angiosarcoma. Case report and literature review.
AB  - Primary splenic angiosarcomas are rare neoplasms. The diagnosis can only be made
      at surgery. Splenectomy prior to rupture prolongs survival. An unusual case
      report is presented and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 4038911
TI  - Cisplatin and doxorubicin. An effective chemotherapy combination in the treatment
      of advanced basal cell and squamous carcinoma of the skin.
AB  - Eleven patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell
      carcinoma (SCC) of the skin were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II
      (cisplatin) and doxorubicin. Seven patients had prior surgery and six of these
      seven had prior radiation therapy. All patients had an adequate trial of
      chemotherapy. One patient received a second course of chemotherapy after relapse.
      Responses were seen in 10 of 12 (87%) of chemotherapy courses, and 5 of 11
      patients (46%) have an unmaintained complete remission lasting 2 to 31 months.
      Toxicity was acceptable and consisted primarily of gastrointestinal side effects.
      These results indicate the combination of cisplatin and doxorubicin has
      significant activity in both advanced BCC and SCC of the skin. In addition, a
      portion of patients treated with the combination achieve a long-term unmaintained
      disease-free state.

PMID- 4038912
TI  - Combined radiation and chemotherapy for locally advanced transitional cell
      carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
AB  - A prospective study was performed on 22 patients with locally advanced
      transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder to evaluate the toxicity and
      efficacy of an integrated treatment with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (1.6 mg/kg
      body weight every 3 weeks for four cycles) and 60 G cobalt 60 or 18 MEV photons.
      Local and systemic toxicity caused by this treatment schedule was minor. Late
      sequelae consisted of contracted bladder in three patients. The rate of tumor
      free bladders after a mean follow-up of 14 months was 17 of 22. Distant
      metastases occurred in three patients. Local recurrence of superficial tumor
      elsewhere in the bladder was observed in two patients. Six patients died 4 to 10
      months after initiation of the integrated therapy, three of these without
      evidence of disease.

PMID- 4038913
TI  - The role of chemotherapy and surgery in the treatment of retroperitoneal
      metastases in advanced nonseminomatous testis cancer.
AB  - This study evaluates the effect of combination chemotherapy on retroperitoneal
      metastases from nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (NSGCTT). Sixty
      six patients with Stage III or bulky Stage II NSGCTT with clinically documented
      retroperitoneal metastases first received systemic chemotherapy. Seventeen
      patients had minimal and 49 had advanced retroperitoneal metastases. The
      retroperitoneal metastases were classified as advanced if the patient had a
      palpable retroperitoneal mass, ureteral deviation on intravenous pyelogram, or a
      mass with a diameter greater than or equal to 5 cm documented by a computerized
      axial tomographic scan, a pedal lymphangiogram, or surgery. The patients with
      lesser but clinically evident retroperitoneal metastatic deposits were considered
      to have minimal retroperitoneal metastases. A complete remission of
      retroperitoneal metastatic deposits was achieved in 50 (76%) patients, with
      chemotherapy alone in 25 (38%), and with combined chemotherapy and surgery in 25
      (38%). The resected deposits consisted of mature teratoma in 15 and malignant
      elements in 10. A complete remission using chemotherapy alone occurred in 13 of
      17 (76%) with minimal and in 12/49 (24%) with advanced retroperitoneal
      metastases, and in 17/30 (57%) without and 8/36 (22%) with teratoma in the testis
      tumor. The data strongly implied that the bulk of the metastatic deposits was a
      more important prognostic variable than the histology of the primary tumor. The
      adverse relationship of a teratomatous differentiation on the response rates with
      chemotherapy alone was offset by the success of supplemental surgery. This study
      suggests the benefit of a postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
      (RPLND) in patients with initially bulky retroperitoneal metastases (complete
      response [CR] increased from 24% to 67%; an additional 47% patients had no
      evidence of disease). The patients with minimal retroperitoneal metastases
      usually achieved a CR with chemotherapy alone. A routine RPLND after the
      chemotherapy is not indicated in patients with initially minimal retroperitoneal
      metastases.

PMID- 4038914
TI  - Production of erythropoietin-like activity by human renal and hepatic carcinomas
      in cell culture.
AB  - Two types of human cancers, a renal cell carcinoma and a hepatocellular
      carcinoma, were investigated in vitro; both produced a marked erythrocytosis in
      each patient. These tumors, when transplanted into athymic nude mice, produced a
      remarkable erythrocytosis in the host mice. To analyze this phenomenon, the
      primary cultures from these xenotransplanted tumors were performed. To obtain
      pure tumor cell cultures, cells derived from host nude mice were eliminated by
      the treatment with the antiserum raised against nude mouse cells. Epithelial
      cells derived from each tumor attached and grew in the cultures. The conditioned
      media from both tumor cells revealed high erythropoietic stimulatory activities.
      We have characterized these erythropoietin-like activities by size-exclusion high
      performance liquid chromatography. Three peaks of erythropoietin-like activities
      were noted after bovine serum albumin region. The molecular weights were
      estimated at about 55,000, 40,000, and 33,000, respectively. The results
      suggested that the human renal cell and hepatocellular carcinomas produced
      erythropoietin-like activities in vitro in culture and that erythrocytosis found
      in patients with cancer and in nude mice transplanted with the tumors was
      attributable to production of the erythropoietin-like activities by the tumor
      cells themselves.

PMID- 4038915
TI  - Isolated ectopic production of the free beta subunit of chorionic gonadotropin by
      an epidermoid carcinoma of unknown primary site.
AB  - Metastatic choriocarcinoma was suspected in a 39-year-old woman who presented 7
      months postpartum with fatigue, pelvic pain, a massive pleural effusion, and a
      positive urine pregnancy test. Subsequent evaluation resulted in discovery of the
      isolated production of the free beta-subunit of chorionic gonadotropin (CG-beta)
      by a widespread, poorly differentiated epidermoid carcinoma. Chemotherapy was
      ineffective, the woman died, and at autopsy the primary site of the tumor could
      not be determined. The patient's serum (185 ng/ml) and a tumor metastasis (720
      ng/g) contained large amounts of immunoactive material that diluted in parallel
      to CG-beta standard, but neither chorionic gonadotropin (CG), its alpha subunit,
      nor other placental proteins were detected. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes
      free CG-beta, but not intact CG, was instrumental in implicating an ectopic
      source of the CG-beta before a tissue diagnosis was obtained. When the patient's
      serum was chromatographed on a dextran gel, the CG-beta immunoactivity eluted in
      a position of higher apparent molecular weight than either standard CG or CG
      beta, suggesting that this neoplasm secreted an altered molecular form of the CG
      beta subunit.

PMID- 4038916
TI  - Karyotypic analysis and chromosome polymorphisms in four choriocarcinoma cell
      lines.
AB  - Four choriocarcinoma cell lines were karyotyped and examined for genetic
      homozygosity or heterozygosity using chromosomal polymorphisms. The BeWo, Jar,
      and ElFa lines had modal chromosomes in the hypertriploid range, while the DoSmi
      line was hypotetraploid. A number of chromosomal rearrangements were seen in all
      lines but there was no common rearrangement. The BeWo and Jar cell lines, derived
      from tumors following term births, were shown to be heterozygous by the presence
      of both X and Y chromosomes. The ElFa and DoSmi lines, established following
      molar pregnancies, were shown to be heterozygous; the ElFa line by the presence
      of both X and Y chromosomes and the DoSmi line by the examination of Q-band
      polymorphisms. Thus, all four lines, whatever their origin, were shown to be
      genetically heterozygous.

PMID- 4038917
TI  - Phase I and clinical pharmacological study of mercaptopurine administered as a
      prolonged intravenous infusion.
AB  - The bioavailability of oral mercaptopurine (MP) is poor, and plasma levels
      following p.o. dosing are highly variable. In an attempt to circumvent these
      problems, we conducted a Phase I trial and clinical pharmacological study of MP
      administered as a prolonged i.v. infusion. An infusion rate of 50 mg/sq m/h,
      which was designed to achieve therapeutic drug levels in plasma, was used in all
      patients. The infusion duration was escalated in 12-h increments. Thirty-eight
      patients were evaluated. The dose-limiting toxicity was mucositis. Other
      reversible toxicities were myelosuppression and hepatotoxicity. An infusion
      duration of 48 h was found to be safe, unassociated with dose-limiting toxicity.
      Objective responses were seen in five patients. The mean plasma steady-state MP
      concentration achieved was 6.9 microM with little interpatient variability seen.
      Allopurinol coadministration had no effect on the plasma pharmacokinetics of i.v.
      MP. However, allopurinol did alter the urinary metabolite pattern, decreasing
      thiouric acid and increasing MP and thioxanthine levels. The steady-state
      cerebrospinal fluid:plasma ratio for MP was 0.27, suggesting that this approach
      may be of value in the treatment of central nervous system cancer. MP can be
      safely administered as a 48-h i.v. infusion at a dose rate which reliably
      achieves MP levels associated with optimal antileukemic activity in vitro.

PMID- 4038918
TI  - Sequence-dependent synergism between dichloromethotrexate and cisplatin in a
      human colon carcinoma cell line.
AB  - We studied the cell killing effects of cisplatin (CDDP), 3',5'
      dichloromethotrexate (DCM), and different combinations of these drugs in a human
      colon carcinoma line (HCT-8). Using a clonogenic assay, the ED50 values for DCM
      were 3, 0.3, and 0.05 microM after 4-, 24-, and 48-hour exposure, respectively,
      while cell kill induced by CDDP was less time-dependent (ED50 values: 16, 7.8,
      3.3, and 2.8 microM after 2-hour, 4-hour, 24-hour, and continuous incubation,
      respectively). Sequential exposure of these cells to DCM followed by CDDP
      resulted in synergism at every dose studied. The synergy was maximal with short
      DCM pretreatment intervals and decreased with increasing lengths of exposure to
      the antifol. In contrast, simple additive effects were observed when DCM was
      given together with or following CDDP. Considering the significant hepatic
      inactivation of both these compounds, our in vitro data encourage the design of
      clinical protocols with the sequence DCM----CDDP for hepatic arterial infusion
      treatment of liver metastasis from colon cancer.

PMID- 4038919
TI  - Parkinsonism following i.v. administration of high-dose metoclopramide used as an
      antiemetic agent during cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 4038920
TI  - Enrichment of fibrillar cytoplasmic actomyosin in protoplasmic strands of
      Physarum polycephalum for the production of cell-free models.
AB  - The treatment of isolated protoplasmic strands of Physarum polycephalum with 2.5%
      ethanol in a physiological salt solution under isometric conditions induces the
      formation of a large amount of mostly longitudinally organized actomyosin fibrils
      in the endoplasmic channel, a region normally free of actomyosin fibrils. The
      quantity of fibrillogenesis as well as the concomitant force output during the
      induced contractures are dependent on the Ca++-content and the temperature of the
      test solution. The method was developed to optimize the structure of the
      plasmodial strands before their subsequent transformation into cell-free models
      by permeabilization and extraction of the strands. Cryosections of plasmodial
      strands containing cytoplasmic actomyosin fibrils stained with fluorescently
      labeled phallotoxins offer a further assay for the study of their contraction
      physiology under cell-free conditions.

PMID- 4038921
TI  - Pararenal angiosarcoma induced in male mice by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine--a model for
      studying the role of androgens in chemical carcinogenesis.
AB  - CBA male mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) developed high incidence
      (up to 97%) of pararenal angiosarcomas. Castration that preceded DMH-treatment
      almost completely inhibited the induction of these tumours while castration that
      followed DMH-treatment had on influence on their development. Testosterone
      propionate (TP) was efficient in restoring the incidence of DMH-induced pararenal
      tumours in castrated males only when given simultaneously with DMH and was
      totally inefficient when given after the cessation of DMH-administration.
      Castrated CBA female mice developed 92% of pararenal angiosarcomas when they
      received combined treatment with DMH and TP; no such tumours appeared in the
      intact females treated with DMH alone. The incidence of pararenal tumours in
      males of different strains was as follows: CBA, 97%; (CBA X C57Bl)F1, 36%; C57Bl,
      4%; C3H, 35%; BALB/c, 13%; C3HA, 7%.

PMID- 4038922
TI  - Effect of antigen stimulation on antigen-specific IgE-plaque-forming cells from
      peripheral-blood lymphocytes of atopics.
AB  - In the present study, it was shown that allergen challenge in vitro produced an
      increase in the number of antigen-specific IgE-plaque-forming cells of peripheral
      blood lymphocytes from grass- or ragweed-allergic patients. Thus, the blood
      lymphocytes of all twelve (four rye grass I and eight AgE) sensitive donors
      responded whereas the blood lymphocytes of five non-atopic controls were
      unresponsive to antigen challenge. Allergen challenge doses of 10(-10)-10(-12)
      g/ml were found to give the greatest number of plaque-forming cells whereas the
      number of plaque-forming cells at challenging doses between 10(-9) and 10(-7)
      g/ml were either the same or less than those obtained with unchallenged cells.
      The results are discussed as to whether this in vitro model system represents in
      vivo response to allergen of the allergic patient.

PMID- 4038923
TI  - In vitro IgE-secreting cells in man. I. Mitogen-independent and -dependent
      subpopulations.
AB  - In vitro IgE secretion by atopic and normal peripheral-blood lymphocytes was
      examined in culture with pokeweed mitogen or Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan-I
      (StaCw) or without mitogen. IgE secreted in culture supernatants was measured
      with double antibody radioimmunoassay. Enumeration of IgE-secreting cells was
      made by a protein-A plaque assay. IgE was detected in increasing quantities in
      supernatants of cultured lymphocytes without mitogen up to the 12th day. IgE
      plaque-forming cells were formed by the lymphocytes in large numbers on days 4-7
      in cultures with mitogen. These results suggest that not only mitogen-independent
      but also mitogen-dependent subpopulations may exist in the IgE-secreting cells.

PMID- 4038924
TI  - Serum sex-hormone binding globulin and mortality risk in postmenopausal women.

PMID- 4038925
TI  - Premenstrual syndrome.

PMID- 4038926
TI  - Aneuploidy of chromosome X, variants 22 and fra(17p12)

PMID- 4038927
TI  - Adverse effects of atrial fibrillation and syncope induced by calcium-channel
      blockers in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Calcium-channel blockers are useful for the treatment of hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy (HCM), but, their adverse effects, especially, those of diltiazem,
      have not been of much concern. Forty patients with HCM were treated with calcium
      channel blockers such as nifedipine, diltiazem, and verapamil. Atrial
      fibrillation was induced by diltiazem in two patients and verapamil induced
      syncope in one patient. The clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of the
      patients were as follows. All of them had the obstructive type of HCM (HOCM). One
      of them had a high pressure gradient of the left ventricular outflow tract and
      the others had earlier onset. In these patients, the left atrial overload seemed
      to be severe. The vasodilating action of calcium-channel blockers decreases the
      systemic pressure and in turn, may increase the pressure gradient and the left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The elevated left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure causes the left atrial overload which could be at risk of atrial
      fibrillation in patients with HCM. Therefore, calcium-channel blockers should be
      used carefully in peculiar cases of HOCM.

PMID- 4038928
TI  - Asynchronous washout of the liver as a sign of partial biliary obstruction.
AB  - This case is another example of the usefulness of hepatobiliary scan for the
      evaluation of biliary-enteric anastomoses and stresses the point that performing
      late scan could help reveal pathologic process in an obvious way.

PMID- 4038929
TI  - High incidence of gastric reflux during hepatobiliary imaging in pancreatitis.
AB  - A review of 100 consecutive hepatobiliary studies revealed eight cases in which
      there was prominent gastric reflux of the Tc-99m diisopropyl-IDA beginning 0.5 to
      2.0 hours into the procedure. Five of these individuals had pancreatitis (four
      acute, one chronic). Hence, pancreatitis was involved in five out of eight of the
      studies with marked gastric reflux. A study of discharge records showed that a
      total of ten of the patients in this series had pancreatitis. Since only five
      showed prominent gastric reflux, the incidence was 50%. Other disorders accounted
      for the three remaining gastric reflux cases observed in 90 patients.

PMID- 4038930
TI  - Ontogeny of aggressive-sexual behavior between males in lines of Japanese quail
      (Coturnix coturnix japonica) selected for male mating frequency.
AB  - Japanese quail from lines bidirectionally selected for high and low male mating
      frequency and from the random-bred base population were observed in an
      ontogenetic study of aggressive-sexual behavior. Quail were reared in sex
      intermingled flocks until 28 days of age at which time half of the males from
      each line were housed as all-male flocks and half were transferred to individual
      cages. At 41 days of age, individually caged males exhibited mounting behavior to
      win encounters with other males. By 45 days, males from the high and control
      lines exhibited significantly more aggressive-sexual behavior than those from the
      low lines. Line x Rearing Experience interactions for mounting behavior at 45 and
      56 days of age were due to the individually caged high- and control-line males'
      winning encounters by mounts; those maintained in flocks rarely mounted. Although
      some low-line males won encounters by mounts, occurrence of this behavior was
      infrequent. Males maintained in flocks were placed in individual cages at 57 days
      of age. When these males were compared with those housed in individual cages from
      28 days of age, at 84 days of age and older, the Line x Rearing Experience
      interaction observed previously disappeared, and only differences among genetic
      lines were evident. Genetic and rearing experience effects are discussed as
      influencing agonistic and sexual behaviors.

PMID- 4038931
TI  - Predictors of dominance in male Betta splendens.
AB  - The formation of dominance/subordinancy relations in pairs of male Siamese
      fighting fish was examined in six experiments. Dominant animals typically were
      those fish that built the largest nests and that attacked an image of a live,
      displaying male most intensely prior to combat. However, pretest performance on
      an operant task and reaction to an animal's own mirror image were not useful
      predictors of subsequent dominance. These findings are consistent with the
      suggestion that domesticated Bettas have a territorial social strategy that
      includes both nest-building and fighting behaviors.

PMID- 4038933
TI  - Incidence of pup killing and parental behavior in virgin female and male rats
      (Rattus norvegicus): differences between Wistar and Sprague-Dawley stocks.
AB  - The responses toward young shown by males and nulliparous females differed
      substantially between two outbred stocks of laboratory rats. Sprague-Dawley
      females showed maternal behavior either spontaneously (35% of the naive rats) or
      through concaveation (92% of the initially neutral virgins). Of the Wistar
      females, however, only 10% showed maternal behavior spontaneously, and only 29%
      of the neutral virgins came to behave maternally during 15 days of concaveation.
      Prepubertal cohabitation with lactating rats did not facilitate maternal
      responsiveness in adulthood in the Wistar virgin females. Of the Sprague-Dawley
      males, 50% showed paternal behavior spontaneously, and only 4% killed the young.
      Among the Wistar males, however, only 4% showed paternal behavior spontaneously,
      and 76% killed pups. Such profound differences between outbred stocks of rats may
      be a source of discrepancies between the results of studies dealing with the
      induction of parental behavior in nonlactating rats.

PMID- 4038932
TI  - Prior-residence effect in Betta splendens.
AB  - Male Siamese fighting fish were presented with the visual image of an aggressive
      male conspecific for a 150-min test, with attack behaviors monitored continually.
      A 10-day period of residency in either the test tank or its exact replica
      resulted in more persistent attack than 10 min of residency. Testing in water
      other than that in which subjects had resided for 10 days did not produce a
      reduction in attack. Finally, the extent of attack behavior occurring early in
      testing was highly and positively correlated with subsequent attack duration;
      that is, at the start of an encounter, and before severe physical damage has been
      caused, Bettas may communicate to opponents their "intention" to engage in
      persistent, injurious aggression.

PMID- 4038934
TI  - The chinese hamster Don cell line differs from normal diploidy by one chromosome
      band.
AB  - G-banded and C-banded prometaphase and metaphase karyotypes of the Chinese
      hamster Don cell line from three different laboratories were compared. All the
      cell lines were pseudodiploid. Each consisted of two distinct cell populations
      designated S1 and S2. The chromosome complements of each of these populations
      differed from the diploid by only one additional chromosome band on a subterminal
      1p in S1 and on a median 1q in S2. The sites of these extra bands were neither
      constricted nor heterochromatic. All other different karyotypes, including those
      from seven distinct subpopulations, had basic patterns of chromosome complements
      that were best represented by S1 or S2, respectively the major or minor cell type
      of the cell line. Moreover, nearly 80% of the metaphases analyzed had a modal
      chromosome number of 22, and about 60% had the same chromosome composition of a
      cell type or subtype. Our data also suggest that Don cells were probably
      pseudodiploid by 1964 or before.

PMID- 4038935
TI  - Pathologic features of sudden death in children, adolescents, and young adults.
AB  - Pathologic investigation of 50 children, adolescents, and young adults who died
      suddenly and unexpectedly revealed that the most frequently encountered
      cardiovascular diseases were mitral valve prolapse (12 cases), myocarditis (12
      cases), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (six cases), and anomalous origin of a
      coronary artery from the aorta (two cases). Five subjects had no evidence of
      cardiac abnormalities. A striking family history of sudden death was encountered
      among eight subjects, of whom three had mitral valve prolapse and three had
      normal hearts. Assessing the circumstances surrounding sudden death, it was found
      that at the time of collapse, 32 subjects were engaged in regular activity, eight
      subjects were engaged in active athletics, and ten were found dead in bed. A
      relationship of the terminal event to emotional stress was reported in three
      subjects.

PMID- 4038936
TI  - Pattern of genetic influence on pulmonary function.
AB  - Whether genetic factors influence small airway function and lung volume was
      examined in 20 adolescent (mean age, 16.2 +/- SD 1.1 years) monozygotic twin
      pairs, 11 adolescent (mean age, 16.7 +/- 0.7 years) dizygotic twin pairs, and 20
      adult (mean age, 38.7 +/- 9.3 years) monozygotic twin pairs. Within-pair
      variances of adolescent dizygotic twins for height, FVC, FEV1/FVC, V50, V25,
      V50/FVC, FRC, and delta N2 were significantly larger than those of adolescent
      monozygotic twins, indicating that these pulmonary function variables are
      influenced predominantly by genetic factors in adolescence. Within-pair variances
      of adult monozygotic twins were similar to those of adolescent monozygotic twins
      in terms of V50 and V25, indicating that these pulmonary function variables are
      influenced predominantly by genetic factors in adulthood. These results indicate
      that small airway dynamics, in terms of V50 and V25, are influenced in larger
      part by genetic factors in adolescence as well as adulthood, whereas lung volumes
      in terms of FRC and FVC are controlled by genetics only in adolescence.

PMID- 4038937
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemia and its treatment (analysis of 107 cases)].

PMID- 4038938
TI  - [Improved instruments for the reconstruction of urethral continuity in injuries
      of the urethra].

PMID- 4038939
TI  - Coprophagy by foals: effect of age and possible functions.
AB  - In colts and fillies observed from birth to 24 weeks old, coprophagy occurred
      from Weeks 1 to 19. Its frequency was greatest during the first two months.
      Coprophagy was rarely observed in mares and stallions. Foals usually ate the
      faeces of their mother but were observed to eat their own and those of a stallion
      and another unrelated mare. Urination by the foal occurred before, during or
      after 26 per cent of the coprophagy incidents. It is hypothesised that foals may
      consume faeces in response to a maternal pheromone which signals the presence of
      deoxycholic acid or other acids which the foal may be deficient in and which it
      may require for gut immuno-competence myelination of the nervous system. Such a
      pheromone may also serve to accelerate growth and sexual maturation. Coprophagy
      may also provide nutrients and introduce normal bacterial flora to the gut.

PMID- 4038940
TI  - Biosynthesis and secretion of tremerogen A-10, a polyisoprenyl peptide mating
      pheromone of Tremella mesenterica.
AB  - The biosynthetic pathway of tremerogen A-10, a polyisoprenyl peptide mating
      pheromone produced by mating type AB cells of the heterobasidiomycetous yeast
      Tremella mesenterica, was investigated by immunological techniques with antibody
      specific to the peptide moiety of the pheromone. Using the biological assay and
      the radioimmunoassay of the pheromone and its related substances, it was
      suggested that the peptide is synthesized near the end of logarithmic phase of
      growth with a temporary accumulation of precursors in the cell. The precursors
      initially appeared in membrane-bound form and were subsequently converted to
      soluble forms prior to the secretion. The pheromone acquired its biological
      activity during the secretion. In the presence of tunicamycin or compactin,
      pheromone production was blocked with accumulation of membrane-bound precursors.
      Monensin, however, blocked pheromone production with accumulation of soluble
      precursors. The molecular species which accumulated in the presence of the
      antibiotics were analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/urea/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the absence of the
      inhibitors, membrane-bound precursors with molecular masses of 28 kDa, 12 kDa,
      7.8 kDa and 2.8 kDa were found. The precursors which accumulated in the presence
      of tunicamycin and compactin were the 12-kDa and 28-kDa species, respectively.
      The results suggested that membrane-bound very high-molecular-mass precursors
      were initially formed and their extensive modifications, including glycosylation,
      farnesylation and proteolytic digestion, occur in the membrane. Based on these
      data, a biosynthetic and secretory pathway was postulated.

PMID- 4038941
TI  - Intracellular pH shift leads to microtubule assembly and microtubule-mediated
      motility during sea urchin fertilization: correlations between elevated
      intracellular pH and microtubule activity and depressed intracellular pH and
      microtubule disassembly.
AB  - The regulation of the microtubule-mediated motions within eggs during
      fertilization was investigated in relation to the shift in intracellular pH (pHi)
      that occurs during the ionic sequence of egg activation in the sea urchins
      Lytechinus variegatus and Arbacia punctulata. Microtubule assembly during
      formation of the sperm aster and mitotic apparatus was detected by anti-tubulin
      immunofluorescence microscopy, and the microtubule-mediated migrations of the
      sperm and egg nuclei were studied with time-lapse video differential interference
      contrast microscopy. Manipulations of intracellular pH were verified by
      fluorimetric analyses of cytoplasmic fluorescein incorporated as fluorescein
      diacetate. The ionic sequence of egg activation was manipulated i) to block the
      pHi shift at fertilization or reduce the pHi of fertilized eggs to unfertilized
      values, ii) to elevate artificially the pHi of unfertilized eggs to fertilized
      values, and iii) to elevate artificially or permit the normal pHi shift in
      fertilized eggs in which the pHi shift at fertilization was previously prevented.
      Fertilized eggs in which the pHi shift was suppressed did not assemble
      microtubules or undergo the normal microtubule-mediated motions. In fertilized
      eggs in which the pHi was reduced to unfertilized levels after the assembly of
      the sperm aster, no motions were detected. If the intracellular pH was later
      permitted to rise, normal motile events leading to division and development
      occurred, delayed by the time during which the pH elevation was blocked.
      Microtubule-mediated events occurred in eggs in which the intracellular pH was
      elevated, even in unfertilized eggs in which the pH was artificially increased.
      These results indicate that the formation and normal functioning of the egg
      microtubules is initiated, either directly or indirectly, by the shift in
      intracellular pH that occurs during fertilization.

PMID- 4038942
TI  - Neurotensin diminishes grooming and stimulates paper shredding behavior induced
      by water immersion of rats.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of 2 micrograms neurotensin, a
      brain and gastro-intestinal peptide which elicits various behavioral responses,
      diminishes grooming but stimulates paper shredding behavior of rats evoked by
      water immersion. Neither naloxone (2 micrograms i.c.v.) nor haloperidol (2
      micrograms i.c.v.) affect grooming and paper shredding behavior as observed
      following water immersion of rats.

PMID- 4038943
TI  - F-actin rings are associated with the ring canals of the Drosophila egg chamber.
AB  - Staining of Drosophila egg chambers with rhodaminyl-lysine-phallotoxin (RLP), a
      specific stain for F-actin, has demonstrated the presence of dense F-actin rings
      associated with the inner surfaces of the ring canals. They were first observed
      in the distal part of the germarium where rings of four different size classes
      were found, differing in diameter by up to twofold. The ring sizes are considered
      to correspond to the ring canals formed at each of four successive incomplete
      cleavages. During the growth of the egg chamber the actin rings were found to
      increase in diameter from less than 1 micron to approx. 10 micron. Concomitantly
      a secondary outer ring of more diffuse material is built up in association with
      the cell membranes. A well developed array of microfilament bundles was also
      associated with the nurse cell plasmalemma. In stages where the transfer of the
      bulk of the nurse cell cytoplasm into the oocyte was occurring the rings came
      closer together in a central area. In late stage chambers the F-actin rings and
      the microfilament bundles appeared to be incorporated into large irregular masses
      of actin, which subsequently disappeared as the mature oocyte formed. The F-actin
      rings are suggested to act as mechanical strengthening elements for the canal
      plasmalemma, whilst cytoplasmic transport occurs through the ring canals.

PMID- 4038944
TI  - Immunoglobulin E in aqueous humour.
AB  - The level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) was determined in the aqueous humour (AH) and
      serum by particle counting immunoassay (limit of sensitivity: 0.2 IU ml-1). This
      level in the AH was below 0.75 IU ml-1 in case of senile cataract (n = 22) and
      ranged from this assumed normal value to 550 IU ml-1 in case of uveitis (n = 37),
      Fuchs' cyclitis (n = 11), intraocular tumour (n = 7) and perforating ocular
      injury (n = 6). To know whether the IgE increase was related to a possible local
      production the AH/serum concentration ratio for IgE was calculated and divided by
      that for albumin. Values higher than 0.60 were considered as suggestive of a
      local synthesis and were observed in 31 of the 37 samples examined.

PMID- 4038945
TI  - Effects of H-Phe-Ile-Tyr-His-Ser-Tyr-Lys-OH on different behavioral tests of
      rats.
AB  - H-Phe-Ile-Tyr-His-Ser-Tyr-Lys-OH inhibited the extinction of active avoidance
      behavior 3 h and 6 h after administration and facilitated the learning of a T
      discrimination task. The peptide antagonized ECS-induced amnesia, if the
      treatment was performed 1 h before the test session. These results suggest that H
      Phe-Ile-Tyr-His-Ser-Tyr-Lys-OH can facilitate learning and memory processes.

PMID- 4038946
TI  - [Pharmacological properties of typical and atypical antidepressants in single and
      repeated administration].
AB  - Pharmacological properties of some typical and atypical antidepressants
      administered repeatedly are more alike as compared to their effects attained
      after a single administration.

PMID- 4038947
TI  - [Effect of the antiemetic preparation dimetpramid on rat reproductive function].
AB  - It has been demonstrated that dimethpramide exerted an adverse effect on the
      sexual glands of female rats. It provoked an inhibition of ovarian function
      (derangement of cycling rhythmicity, the loss of individual cycle stages) and
      depletion of energy resources of the uterus (drop of glycogen content). The
      reduction of the gonadotropic activity of the pituitary was also observed.

PMID- 4038948
TI  - Premarital socioeconomic roles and the timing of family formation: a comparative
      study of five Asian societies.

PMID- 4038949
TI  - [Clinical picture of X chromosome recessive ichthyosis].

PMID- 4038950
TI  - Peripartal cardiomyopathy.
AB  - A case of peripartal cardiomyopathy diagnosed post partum by preoperative routine
      examination for a sterilization operation is discussed. Data from the literature
      show that 50% of the patients suffering from peripartal cardiomyopathy recover
      nearly completely; the other patients with distinct symptoms of cardial
      insufficiency die almost without exception from the disease. Current concepts of
      diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.

PMID- 4038951
TI  - Development of vocal recognition of mothers in infant Japanese macaques.
AB  - Individual vocal recognition was studied in infant Japanese macaques by
      presenting natural calls of mothers and nonmother cagemates to them in a
      habituation-dishabituation paradigm. Discriminability was measured by an increase
      in conditioned sucking response rate to a second stimulus call after habituation
      to the first stimulus call. Recovery from habituation was greater in subjects
      over 190 days postconception when mother's vocalizations were played back after
      the stimulus change than when sounds of others were presented. Results
      demonstrate that the subjects could sort acoustic variants of vocalizations given
      by their cagemates into at least two categories (mother versus others) and
      suggest that vocal recognition of mothers develops relative to postconception
      (maturational) rather than postnatal age in Japanese macaques.

PMID- 4038952
TI  - Home odor preferences in young hares (Lepus capensis syriacus): effects of age
      and role of maternal presence.
AB  - The odor preferences of mother-reared and hand-reared young hares between 1-30
      days of age were studied. Subjects were exposed daily to three choice tests in
      which the following pairs of odors were presented: home cage odor (HCO)-neutral
      odor (NO); HCO-strange cage odor (SCO); SCO-NO. All young strongly preferred
      their HCO over SCO throughout the 30-day period. HCO was preferred over NO until
      the age of 20 days, while avoidance of SCO was shown during the first 10 or 20
      days. The same experiment conducted on postweaned hares (31-50 days of age)
      revealed a strong preference for SCO over both HCO and NO. These findings may be
      interpreted with respect to the natural history of the hare and its unusual
      mother-young relationship, which, in the wild, is limited to a single daily
      meeting for nursing. It is suggested that the highly precocial hare recognizes
      and prefers its home odor independently of any maternal contribution to that
      odor, possibly relying on odor cues from its own body to return to its nursing
      site. Other possible advantages of these olfactory preferences, including
      predation avoidance and facilitation of social relationships, are discussed.

PMID- 4038953
TI  - Measures of growth, development, and sexual maturation in mongolian gerbils
      (Meriones unguiculatus): effects of photic period during ontogeny.
AB  - We examined, in Mongolian gerbils, the adequacy of two commonly used indices of
      rate of development, age at eye-opening and age at vaginal introitus, as
      predictors of biologically important events: initiation of feeding on solid food
      and age at first parturition. We then enquired as to the interrelationships among
      body weight, eye-opening, and vaginal introitus in Mongolian gerbils whose rates
      of development were manipulated by altering the extent of their exposure to
      illumination during ontogeny. We found that (1) age at vaginal introitus was
      significantly, but weakly, correlated with age at first parturition (Experiment
      I); (2) age at eye-opening strongly predicted age of initiation of gnawing on
      solid food (Experiment II); (3) eye-opening occurred at markedly different ages,
      but at the same body weight in gerbils reared under 0/24-, 6/18-, 12/12-, and
      24/0-hr day-night cycles (Experiment III); and (4) vaginal introitus occurred at
      both different ages and different body weights in females reared under different
      day-night cycles (Experiment III).

PMID- 4038954
TI  - Thermal limitation of mother--young contact in Norway rats.

PMID- 4038955
TI  - Nocturnal penile tumescent evaluation of erectile function in insulin-dependent
      diabetic men.
AB  - This study compared nocturnal penile erections in four age-matched groups of
      young subjects: diabetic patients with and without erectile problems,
      psychogenically impotent men and healthy control subjects. All men were assessed
      under similar conditions during three nights, each for a total of 156 study
      nights. Diabetic impotent men exhibited a significantly decreased number of
      erectile episodes (p less than 0.05) and episodes of maximum tumescence per night
      (p less than 0.01). They also spent significantly less time in tumescence (p less
      than 0.005) and in simultaneous rapid eye movement sleep and tumescence (p less
      than 0.005). Diabetic men without sexual problems, psychogenically impotent men,
      and normal control subjects did not differ. Diabetic men in both groups spent
      less sleep time in rapid eye movement sleep and had longer latencies to onset of
      rapid eye movement. The decreased time in erection noted in impotent diabetic
      patients was no longer significant when adjusted for differences in duration of
      rapid eye movement sleep. In comparison to healthy control subjects and
      psychogenically impotent men, non-impotent diabetic men did show significantly
      diminished circumferential increases during erections, similar in degree to
      impotent diabetic patients (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 4038956
TI  - Diurnal changes in myoelectric spiking activity of the human colon.
AB  - Using an intraluminal probe supporting eight groups of electrodes, the
      myoelectrical activity of the proximal, transverse, and distal colon was recorded
      during 24-h sessions in 10 healthy subjects receiving evening and noon meals
      (greater than 800 kcal) and breakfast (less than 300 kcal). At each colonic site
      considered, the electromyograms exhibited two kinds of spike bursts: (a) short
      spike bursts localized at one electrode site and appearing rhythmically at a
      frequency of 10.6 +/- 0.3/min and (b) long spike bursts isolated or propagated
      orally or aborally. A peculiar pattern consisting of nearly permanent short spike
      bursts at a rate of 6.7 +/- 0.4/min was observed at the rectosigmoid junction.
      Computerized analysis of the duration of each kind of spike burst showed that the
      long spike burst activity increased by 63%-129% (p less than 0.05) during 2 h
      after each meal (but not after breakfast) at each colonic site. Furthermore, a
      significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in the long spike burst but not short
      spike burst activity was observed during sleep. These results provide evidence
      for circadian variations of colonic motility associated with eating and sleeping
      in the healthy human.

PMID- 4038957
TI  - [Megakaryocyte-fixed immunoglobulins in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura in children].

PMID- 4038958
TI  - [Action of high doses of monomeric IgG in treating children with chronic
      idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].

PMID- 4038959
TI  - [Characteristics of the vascular link in the hemostatic system in hemorrhagic
      thrombocytovasopathies].

PMID- 4038960
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in hereditary thrombocytopathies].

PMID- 4038961
TI  - [Estradiol, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in
      the clomiphene-induced menstrual cycle].

PMID- 4038962
TI  - Surgical treatment for androphonia. An experimental study.

PMID- 4038963
TI  - [Chromosome studies in early human embryo stages].

PMID- 4038964
TI  - Effects of gonadotrophin-induced elevation of serum testosterone upon somatomedin
      C levels and serum thymidine activity in children.
AB  - 3H-thymidine uptake into lectin-activated human lymphocytes allows to measure a
      growth-stimulating activity of serum, the thymidine activity (TA), which is GH
      dependent in vivo and related to somatomedins (Sm). In this work, it is shown:
      that addition of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) or testosterone in vitro
      does not increase the 3H-thymidine uptake into lymphocytes; that the
      gonadotrophin-induced elevation of testosterone in children is accompanied by a
      significant increase of TA and, at a lesser degree, of Sm C; that these two
      increases are significantly correlated, and that the age-related variation of TA
      and Sm C after HCG stimulation test are not parallel.

PMID- 4038966
TI  - Regulation of urine marking in male and female mice: effects of sex steroids.
AB  - Effects of sex steroids on urine-marking activity were studied in male, female,
      and neonatally androgenized female mice. Urine marking was estimated by
      suspending ceramic tubes that were connected in a horizontal row with a steel rod
      into the home cage of an isolated mouse. Intact males showed high marking
      activity, which was diminished after castration. Both testosterone propionate
      (TP) and estradiol benzoate (EB) were effective in restoring the marking activity
      of castrated males, while 5-alpha-dihydrotesterone (DHT) did not have any
      stimulative effects. Intact normal females showed quite low marking activity and
      ovariectomy further depressed it. TP and DHT enhanced the marking of
      ovariectomized females, but EB restored the activity only to the preovariectomy
      level. In intact females which were neonatally androgenized, the marking activity
      was much higher than that of normal females. The pattern of the change induced by
      gonadectomy and hormone treatment in these females resembled that in males. Thus,
      ovariectomy reduced the activity and both TP and EB restored the level. These
      results indicate that the sexual dimorphism in the urine marking in mice is
      primarily determined by hormonal environment during early postnatal age. Hormonal
      control of scent marking is discussed in relation to the studies in other
      rodents.

PMID- 4038965
TI  - Decreased serum group-specific component protein levels and complexes with actin
      in fulminant hepatic necrosis.
AB  - Monomeric G-actin has recently been shown to form high-affinity complexes with
      group-specific component protein (Gc), and this process might be expected to
      occur in vivo when hepatocyte necrosis with release of actin takes place. We
      therefore measured serum Gc levels and searched for evidence of actin-containing
      complexes of Gc in 147 sera from 21 normal subjects and 126 patients with acute
      and chronic liver diseases. Sera were examined for Gc concentration using an
      ELISA with purified Gc as standard. Gc levels were greatly diminished (less than
      10 mg per dl) in 5 of 37 patients with acute hepatitis and 1 of 3 patients with
      subacute hepatic necrosis, and the mean values for these groups overall as well
      as those for chronic active hepatitis patients were significantly less than that
      observed in the normal controls (mean, 35.5 mg per dl). No significant alteration
      in Gc level was observed in the chronic disease categories studied. In contrast,
      Gc concentrations less than 10 mg per dl were found in 12 of 14 patients with
      fulminant hepatic necrosis, and the mean for this group (9.7) was significantly
      reduced (p less than 0.001). Sequential studies in 12 patients with acute
      hepatitis of moderate to marked severity but without a fulminant phase showed
      significant diminutions in initial Gc levels when these were compared with Gc
      levels obtained during recovery. Using analytical isoelectric focusing with print
      immunofixation, variable amounts of Gc:G-actin complexes could be demonstrated in
      virtually all sera examined, but the proportion of total Gc present as complex
      with G-actin appeared greater in fulminant hepatic necrosis sera.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4038968
TI  - OTA warns PPS pressure may alter ICU care.

PMID- 4038967
TI  - Crowding pregnant mice affects attack and threat behavior of male offspring.
AB  - Attack and threat behavior of adult male offspring of female mice crowded during
      the final third of pregnancy was investigated. In 5-min test pairings with an
      anosmic "standard opponent" which had 50 microliter of male mouse urine applied
      to its fur, the prenatally stressed group of males showed significantly less
      attack behavior; attack latency was longer and number of attacks, bites, amount
      of time spent attacking, and composite aggression scores were all lower, compared
      with the control group. Similarly, less threat behavior was observed in offspring
      from crowded dams; there were lower frequencies of tail rattles, rough grooms,
      and upright threats. Additionally, proportionally fewer males in the prenatally
      stressed group attacked or displayed threats. A second experiment was designed to
      investigate the effects of exogenous androgen on the aggressiveness of males from
      crowded mice: testosterone propionate administration (500 micrograms/animal/day,
      for 5 days prior to testing) abolished differences both in the proportion of
      males from crowded mice that fought and also apparently abolished differences in
      intensities of attack and threat behavior between groups. However, trends toward
      reduced aggression in prenatally crowded males remained. More detailed analysis
      of these responses, based only on animals that displayed aggression, revealed
      significantly reduced intensity of aggression in offspring from females crowded
      during pregnancy, indicating that testosterone propionate therapy did not
      completely restore this behavior. In order to reduce postnatal effects due to
      possible differences in mothering, all offspring were fostered to untreated
      mothers at birth. The results are discussed in terms of in utero exposure of male
      fetuses of crowded dams to stress-liberated adrenal steroids of maternal origin,
      and the possible consequences for the endocrine integrity of these offspring.

PMID- 4038969
TI  - Analysis of the fragile-X chromosome: localization and detection of the fragile
      site in high resolution preparations.
AB  - Fragile X chromosome preparations were analyzed at levels of up to 850 bands per
      haploid set. We were able to consistently sublocalize the Xqter fragile site to
      band Xq27.3 using high-resolution methods. Chromosome length versus the frequency
      of fragile X expression was also compared. The fragile site appeared at a higher
      percentage in more condensed chromosome preparations. The importance of this
      finding is that high-resolution chromosome preparations do not optimize fragile-X
      detection.

PMID- 4038970
TI  - Unusual sialilation of three different rare genetic variants of serum DBP:
      Gc1A17, Gc1A16, and Gc1A11.
AB  - The proteins of three anodal Gc1 variants, Gc1A16, 1A11, and 1A17, are
      characterized by the most acidic isoelectric points observed so far among the
      different Gc mutants. Stepwise removal of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) by
      treatment with neuraminidase was performed to estimate the degree of sialilation
      of these Gc variants. The results indicate that both proteins, the anodal and the
      cathodal component of these Gc1 mutants, carry sialic acid residues. This
      observation is remarkable in so far as usually only the anodal component of the
      Gc1 protein contains NANA and only a single residue. From the experiments carried
      out it can be deduced that Gc1A16 has two NANA residues in the anodal and one
      NANA residue in the cathodal component. Gc1A16 was found in four members of three
      generations in a Danish family; the variant segregated as a Mendelian trait. More
      difficult to interpret are the results obtained with the variants Gc1A11 and
      Gc1A17. Gc1A11 probably has three NANA residues in the anodal and two NANA
      residues in the cathodal component. Gc1A11 has been observed in two mother-child
      pairs and is presumably also a simple genetic trait. Gc1A17 has also several NANA
      residues in both Gc proteins; it is suggested that the anodal component has
      either three or four NANA residues and the cathodal component either two or three
      NANA residues. Family information on this variant is not yet available.

PMID- 4038971
TI  - Inhibition of in vivo neutrophil accumulation by stress. Possible role of
      neutrophil adherence.
AB  - Psychological stress results in neural and endocrine changes which can alter
      various aspects of the immune system. However, the effects of stress on
      inflammation has not received much attention despite the fact that stress
      hormones, such as the corticosteroids, are known to reduce inflammation. The
      present study extends a previous finding that stress itself can reduce
      inflammation. In the first experiment, zymosan was injected into an air pouch on
      the dorsum of F344 rats. Half of these rats then received three hours of
      inescapable, intermittent, electric foot shock as a stressor. The other half of
      the injected rats served as nonstressed controls. A third group were given air
      pouches but no zymosan. Fewer neutrophils accumulated at the inflammatory site of
      stressed rats as compared to nonstressed control rats. However, phagocytosis of
      zymosan by air pouch neutrophils was higher in stressed rats. Peripheral
      perfusion was not altered significantly by shock, but vascular permeability was
      reduced in stressed rats. The effects of stress on peripheral blood leukocytes of
      rats not injected with zymosan was investigated. It was found that while
      peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocyte numbers were decreased by stress,
      neutrophils were not decreased. Increased neutrophil adherence was found in
      stressed rats. Additionally, in the presence of endotoxin, neutrophils from
      stressed rats did not increase their adherence as much as those of control rats.
      The increased adhesiveness of neutrophils in stressed animals may account for the
      diminished inflammatory response in the shocked rats.

PMID- 4038972
TI  - Promotion of tick cell growth by proline and fractions from tick eggs.

PMID- 4038973
TI  - Clinical applications of the argon laser.

PMID- 4038974
TI  - Quantitative radioautographic study of intracellular localization of calmodulin
      antagonist, W-7, in Chinese-hamster ovary cells.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to analyse quantitatively the localization
      of calmodulin antagonist, n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide (W
      7) in CHO-Kl cells. The cultured CHO-Kl cells were labelled with 1 (16.7 microM),
      2 (33.4 microM), 5 (83.5 microM) and 10 microCi/ml (167 microM) tritiated W-7.
      Some cells were preincubated in 10, 50 and 100 microM unlabelled W-7 for 30 min
      and then labelled with 2 or 5 microCi/ml tritiated W-7 for 1 h. The cells were
      doubly fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium-tetroxide solution, and embedded in
      Epon. For light-microscopic radioautography, 2 micron-thick sections were wet
      mounted with radioautographic emulsion and exposed for 1 month. The
      radioautograms showed that large numbers of silver grains were mainly localized
      in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. Quantitative analysis demonstrated
      that, in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, the number of silver grains was
      dependent on the concentration of the administered tritiated W-7 and the number
      was dramatically decreased by the pretreatment of unlabelled W-7. These results
      show that, in CHO-Kl cells, the W-7 binding sites are saturable. It is concluded
      that W-7 may get into CHO-Kl cells and be bound to a specific protein that may be
      calmodulin protein.

PMID- 4038975
TI  - Measurements of radiation dose distributions for shielded cervical applicators.
AB  - Cervical applicators with shielded ovoids are employed to reduce dose to the
      rectum and bladder. Because of asymmetries introduced by the shields, dose
      distribution calculations for individual patients will require extensive computer
      reference data for the ovoid sources. Requisite 3-D dose distributions were
      measured for an unshielded and a shielded ovoid containing a Cs-137 source, using
      a computerized system employing a diode in a water phantom. The probe stops at
      each measurement point and accumulates dose for several seconds. The system
      automates horizontal positioning of the detector and angular motion of the ovoid
      to obtain dose in one plane. The detector is moved manually to other planes for a
      complete three dimensional set of measurements. In order to suppress the energy
      and directional dependence of the diode, final dose distributions are calculated
      from ratios of shielded to unshielded data in conjunction with independently
      measured TLD data for unshielded sources.

PMID- 4038976
TI  - Efficacy of lincosaminide antibiotics in the treatment of experimental
      staphylococcal mastitis in lactating mice.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of bovine mastitis worldwide. A model
      that may predict the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bovine
      mastitis induced by Staph. aureus was developed in lactating mice. Infection was
      established by the inoculation of lactating CF1 mice with Staph. aureus into the
      mammary gland via the teat duct. At the dose of bacteria used, 85-90% of the
      inoculated, untreated animals developed a nonlethal, acute mastitis within 48 h.
      Antibiotic treatment was administered subcutaneously or by the intramammary
      route. Lincosaminide antibiotics including lincomycin, clindamycin, and
      pirlimycin were evaluated in this system. Other compounds which have been used in
      therapy of bovine mastitis including novobiocin, penicillin G, ampicillin,
      cloxacillin and rifamycin-SV were used as reference antibiotics. Pirlimycin was
      the most effective of the antibiotics tested in this standardized system.
      Depending upon the route of administration, this novel lincosaminide was 15 to 95
      fold more effective than clindamycin, three- to six-fold better than lincomycin,
      two- to ten-fold more effective than novobiocin, 13- to 17-times more effective
      than cloxacillin and 8- to 22-times better than rifamycin-SV on a weight-dose
      comparison. Penicillin G and ampicillin were the least effective drugs tested
      against mastitis induced by the beta-lactamase producing strain of Staph. aureus
      used in these assays. Pharmacokinetic experiments suggested that the greater
      effectiveness of pirlimycin compared to clindamycin and lincomycin was due to
      increased affinity for and prolonged retention in the mammary gland.

PMID- 4038978
TI  - Involvement of protein sulfhydryls in the trigger reaction of rhodotorucine A, a
      farnesyl peptide mating pheromone of Rhodosporidium toruloides.
AB  - The involvement of protein sulfhydryls for the signaling of rhodotorucine A, a
      mating pheromone produced by mating type A cells of Rhodosporidium toruloides,
      was investigated by the use of sulfhydryl compounds. The sulfhydryl-blocking
      reagent 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB; Ellman's reagent) strongly
      inhibited both the biological effect of the pheromone on the recipient cell and
      the hydrolysis of the pheromone, which is catalyzed by the mating type-specific
      surface endopeptidase of the recipient cell. Conversely, the two reactions were
      markedly enhanced by the presence of the reducing reagent dithiothreitol. The
      inhibitory effect of DTNB on the pheromone response of the recipient cell was
      specific to an initial stage of the differentiation; once it had initiated, the
      reagent had no effect on its progression. The results suggested that
      dithiothreitol enhances and DTNB impairs the efficiency with which the pheromone
      triggers sexual d differentiation. The reaction of DTNB with cellular protein
      sulfhydryls was highly restricted to those at the exterior surface of the
      membrane due to the impermeability of the reagent through the membrane.
      Phosphorylation of endogenous proteins, which is modulated by the pheromone added
      to an in vitro phosphorylation system, was also blocked by DTNB. The results
      showed that sulfhydryl groups are involved in the pheromone hydrolysis by the
      surface endopeptidase of the recipient cell and that pheromone metabolism is
      indispensable for the signaling reaction. We suggest that the modulation of
      protein phosphorylation of membrane proteins by the pheromone is an initial
      transmembrane response coupled to pheromone metabolism.

PMID- 4038977
TI  - Comparison of interlaboratory variation in amino acid analysis and rat growth
      assays for evaluating protein quality.
AB  - Estimates of inter- and intralaboratory variation of protein efficiency ratio
      (PER), relative PER (RPER), net protein ratio (NPR), relative NPR (RNPR), and
      nitrogen utilization (NU) were compared with those of amino acid analysis in the
      same batches of 7 protein sources (ANRC casein, egg white solids, minced beef,
      soy assay protein, rapeseed protein concentrate, pea flour, and whole wheat
      flour). Interlaboratory variation (estimated as between-laboratories coefficients
      of variation, CV) of NPR and RNPR (up to 6.0%) was lower than that of PER (up to
      20.2%) and RPER (up to 18.5%). The interlaboratory determination of NPR and RNPR
      was also more reproducible than that of most essential amino acids (CV up to
      10.0%), especially tryptophan (CV up to 23.7%), cystine (CV up to 17.6%), and
      methionine (CV up to 16.1%). Intralaboratory variation (estimated as within
      laboratories CV) of amino acid analysis (up to 4.7%), however, was comparable to
      that of protein quality indices in most protein sources (up to 6.0%). The
      significant (P less than 0.01) positive correlations (r = 0.68-0.74) between
      amino acid scores and protein quality indices based on rat growth were further
      improved when amino acid scores were corrected for digestibility of protein (r =
      0.73-0.78) or individual amino acids (r = 0.79-0.82).

PMID- 4038979
TI  - Pseudocholinesterase and trait anxiety in premenstrual tension syndrome.
AB  - Volunteers (N=71) with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) were given the Peck-Abraham
      PMS Questionnaire and separated by resulting scores into mild, moderate, and
      severe groups. Fourteen subjects were randomly selected from each group.
      Pseudocholinesterase serum levels were measured on the first day of menses for
      all group members. Trait anxiety was measured by the State Trait Anxiety
      Inventory (STAI). Pseudocholinesterase, a possible marker for trait anxiety, was
      found elevated in 6 of 14 (43%) of the severe PMS subjects, in 2 of the 14 (14%)
      moderate PMS subjects, and in none of the mild PMS subjects. Trait anxiety was
      found in 8 of these subjects. None of the subjects with mild PMS showed trait
      anxiety, while 25% of those with moderate PMS and 75% of those with severe PMS
      showed trait anxiety. No subject with mild PMS had trait anxiety. In this study
      PMS is treated as a trait-dependent form of anxiety.

PMID- 4038980
TI  - Susceptibility of mice reconstituted with trisomy 19 hematopoietic cells to
      infection with Rauscher leukemia virus.
AB  - Radiation chimeras with trisomy 19 hematopoietic cells were constructed to test
      the sensitivity of the trisomic hematopoietic system to infection with Rauscher
      leukemia virus: Hematopoietic cells from livers of trisomic fetuses were rescued
      by transplantation into lethally irradiated adult mice. These Ts 19 radiation
      chimeras show a stable and sufficiently long-lived trisomic hematopoiesis to
      allow experimental induction of Rauscher leukemia. Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV)
      induced a marked proliferation of erythroblasts in the spleens of Ts 19 mice and
      control chimeras within 3 weeks. The onset of erythroblast proliferation was
      significantly delayed in the Ts 19 mice, suggesting a smaller number of target
      cells for the RLV and/or reduced susceptibility of the target cells to RLV. Both
      Ts 19 and control chimeras developed nonlymphocytic leukemia 2-4 months after RLV
      injection. The course of leukemogenesis was similar in the two experimental
      groups. No numerical chromosome abnormalities associated with leukemogenesis were
      detectable in Ts 19 or control cells. The numbers of chromosomal sister chromatid
      exchanges 2 weeks after RLV injection were elevated to the same degree in both Ts
      19 and control cells. Thus, cells with constitutional trisomy do not show
      increased chromosomal instability due to leukemogenesis.

PMID- 4038981
TI  - Influence of the centrosome on the structure of nucleated microtubules.
AB  - The capacity of the centrosome to influence the lattice structure of nucleated
      microtubules was studied in vitro. Brain microtubules self-assembled to give
      predominantly (98%) 14-protofilament microtubules. However, under exactly the
      same conditions of assembly they grew off of purified centrosomes from
      neuroblastoma cells to give mostly (82%) 13-protofilament microtubules. Thus, the
      nucleation sites on the centrosome constrained the microtubule lattice to yield
      the number of protofilaments usually found in vivo.

PMID- 4038982
TI  - Monocyte procoagulant activity in glomerulonephritis associated with systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Monocyte infiltration and activation of the coagulation system have been
      implicated in the pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis. In this study,
      spontaneous procoagulant activity (PCA) was measured in circulating mononuclear
      cells to determine whether elevated PCA correlated with the presence of
      proliferative glomerulonephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE). No increase in PCA was found in 20 patients with end-stage renal failure,
      8 patients with glomerulonephritis without SLE, and 10 patients undergoing
      abdominal surgical or orthopedic procedures as compared with 20 normal controls.
      In eight patients with SLE but with no apparent active renal disease, PCA was not
      elevated above normal basal levels. Seven additional patients with SLE who had
      only mesangial proliferation on biopsy also had no increase in PCA. In contrast,
      eight patients with focal or diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis, and one
      patient with membranous nephritis who ultimately developed a proliferative
      lesion, had a marked increase in PCA with greater than 100 times the base-line
      levels. The activity was shown to originate in the monocyte fraction of the
      mononuclear cells and was shown to be capable of cleaving prothrombin directly.
      The prothrombinase activity was not Factor Xa, because it was not neutralized by
      anti-Factor X serum and was not inhibited by an established panel of Factor Xa
      inhibitors. Monocyte plasminogen activator determinations did not correlate with
      renal disease activity. We conclude that monocyte procoagulant activity, a direct
      prothrombinase, seems to correlate with endocapillary proliferation in lupus
      nephritis and could be a mediator of tissue injury.

PMID- 4038983
TI  - Genetic regulation of immunoglobulin and specific antibody levels in twins reared
      apart.
AB  - We studied the effect of the same genetic but different environmental factors on
      total immunoglobulin and specific antibody levels in twins reared apart. Sera
      were analyzed from 26 monozygotic (MZ) and 10 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, who were
      separated on average 2 mo after birth and reared apart. Total IgM, IgG, and IgA
      were measured by single radial diffusion. Specific antibodies of each isotype to
      tetanus toxoid, and to polyvalent and type 14 pneumococcal capsular
      polysaccharides were measured by a solid-phase antigen-enzyme-labeled anti-Ig
      immunoassay. One-way analysis of variance showed intrapair total Ig and antibody
      levels to be more highly correlated in MZ compared with DZ twins. Our results
      indicate that genetic factors are more important than environment in regulating
      these humoral immune responses.

PMID- 4038984
TI  - Intracellular localization of the catalytic subunit from cyclic AMP-dependent
      protein kinase in mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in this enzyme.
AB  - A direct cytochemical procedure that specifically locates free catalytic subunits
      (C) from cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been used to follow the kinetics of
      kinase dissociation in parental Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO 10001) and 4
      mutant CHO cell lines variously deficient in this enzyme (CHO 10215, 10248,
      10260, 10265) (1-5). When cultures of wild-type cells were stimulated with
      8BrcAMP a time- and dose-dependent dissociation of kinase was observed. The
      catalytic unit appeared first in the cytoplasm and nucleolus and with time in the
      nucleoplasm as well. At peak protein kinase activation (30 min) more than 80% of
      the cells possessed abundant C in all of these subcellular compartments. The data
      indicate that both the type I and type II isozymes of the cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase are localized in similar areas of the cell. Stimulation of the mutant cell
      lines with 8-BrcAMP revealed that they each contained activatable kinase,
      determined cytochemically, that paralleled in amount the total assayable protein
      kinase determined biochemically (1-6). There were differences in the basal
      (unstimulated) levels of free C in the mutants relative to each other and to wild
      type cells. For example, wild-type and mutants 10248, and 10260 had barely
      detectable cytoplasmic catalytic-subunit in unstimulated cultures whereas mutant
      10215 possessed a significant amount of free C. Upon stimulation with 8-BrcAMP,
      the subcellular distribution of C was in all cases similar; although there were
      significant quantitative disparities between the wild type and various mutant
      cell lines. All cell lines examined had roughly equivalent amounts of nucleolar C
      but differed predominantly in the quantity of cytoplasmic kinase. Specifically,
      two of the mutant lines (10260 and 10248) contained barely detectable amounts of
      nucleoplasmic C whereas the other mutants had moderate (10265) to near normal
      (10215) amounts of nucleoplasmic enzyme. Mutants having only type I isozyme
      (10248) and those with only type II isozyme (10265) gave similar patterns of free
      C localization after 8BrcAMP stimulation.

PMID- 4038986
TI  - Formal thought disorder in schizophrenics and their twins.

PMID- 4038985
TI  - Protein degradation in rumen and amino acid absorption in small intestine of
      lactating dairy cattle fed heat-treated whole soybeans.
AB  - Four lactating Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulae and T-type cannulae in
      proximal duodenum and terminal ileum were used to measure protein degradation in
      the rumen and amino acid flow and absorption in the small intestine. Soybean
      meal, whole soybeans, and whole soybeans extruded at 132 and 149 degrees C
      provided 50% of the protein in diets that contained 51% grain, 36% corn silage,
      and 13% alfalfa hay (dry matter). Spot samples of digesta were collected from
      duodenum and ileum during 96 h, and lanthanum was an indigestible marker to
      estimate flow and digestibility of nutrients. With diaminopimelic acid as a
      microbial marker, apparent degradations of dietary crude protein in the rumen
      were 73, 80, 66, and 60% for diets containing soybean meal, whole soybeans, and
      whole soybeans extruded at 132 and 149 degrees C. Because of the extensive
      degradation of protein with the raw soybean diet, less total amino acids reached
      the duodenum, and because of decrease of availability, absorption from the small
      intestine (g/day) was lowest with this diet. Feeding diets containing extruded
      whole soybeans increased availability of total essential amino acids in the small
      intestine compared with diets containing soybean meal and whole soybeans.
      Absorption from the small intestine (g/day and percent entering) of individual
      amino acids was generally higher for extruded whole soybean diets.

PMID- 4038987
TI  - Babesia microti in an Indiana woman.

PMID- 4038988
TI  - Site-selective homing of antigen-primed lymphocyte populations can play a crucial
      role in the efferent limb of cell-mediated immune responses in vivo.
AB  - Lymphoid cells of the mammalian immune system exhibit special migratory
      properties within their in vivo environment. This fundamental characteristic is
      important to the protection of the organism from infection and neoplastic
      transformation by a process termed immunologic surveillance. The importance of
      lymphocyte recirculation was addressed by investigating the role of site
      selective homing of lymphocytes during the efferent phase of an in vivo
      adoptively transferred immune response. We approached this problem by using
      pertussis toxin (PT), a known inhibitor of lymphoid cell migration in vivo. PT is
      a protein secreted by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which induces a
      selective and long-lasting inhibition of the emigration of lymphocytes from the
      bloodstream into solid tissue. In this study, we demonstrate that the blockade of
      lymphocyte extravasation potential mediates inhibition of certain cell-mediated
      immune responses in vivo. We investigated the effect of PT on the extravasation
      of antigen-primed lymphocytes into solid tissue. The results show that the loss
      of lymphocyte homing potential after in vitro treatment of the primed cells with
      PT is accompanied by an inhibition of antigen-specific contact hypersensitivity
      after adoptive transfer. This result suggests that the process of lymphocyte
      extravasation into nonlymphoid tissue sites such as the skin shares fundamental
      similarities to the selective localization of circulating lymphocytes to lymph
      nodes. Furthermore, the inhibition of contact hypersensitivity observed after the
      i.v. adoptive transfer of PT-treated antigen-primed cells could be circumvented
      by transferring the PT-treated cells directly into a tissue site with the
      relevant antigen. In contrast, no inhibition in the number of antibody-forming
      cells present within the spleen was observed after an adoptive transfer of PT
      treated sheep red blood cell-primed lymphocytes, a result that is in agreement
      with radiotracer data. Thus, the inhibitory effect of PT on the adoptive transfer
      of contact hypersensitivity was established to be a direct result of the PT
      mediated alteration of cellular migration, because PT inhibits the entrance of
      lymphocytes into specific tissue sites without inhibiting other cellular
      functions. This conclusion is additionally supported by experiments that showed
      that lymphocytes that have been pretreated with PT exhibit normal in vitro
      responses, as assayed by mitogenesis in response to concanavalin A and by the
      differentiation and function of alloantigen stimulated or hapten-specific
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4038990
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis.

PMID- 4038989
TI  - Rapid killing of actinomycin D-treated tumor cells by human monocytes. II.
      Cytotoxicity is independent of secretion of reactive oxygen intermediates and is
      suppressed by protease inhibitors.
AB  - Pretreatment with Actinomycin D (ActD, 1 microgram/ml for 3 hr) rendered WEHI 164
      tumor cells susceptible to killing by human monocytes in a 6-hr 51Cr release
      assay. The present study was designed to elucidate the role of reactive oxygen
      intermediates (ROI) and of proteolytic enzymes in this reactivity. ActD-treated
      WEHI 164 cells did not trigger any measurable release of O-2 or H2O2 from
      monocytes. Monocytes exposed to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, which enhanced
      release of ROI, did not show augmented killing of ActD-treated tumor cells.
      Scavengers of oxygen metabolites (catalase, superoxide dismutase, gluthatione,
      and mannitol), which inhibited ROI-mediated PMA-induced monocyte cytotoxicity
      against erythrocytes, did not affect monocyte killing of ActD-treated WEHI 164
      cells. Enzymatically generated ROI with xanthine/xanthine-oxidase glucose/glucose
      oxidase did not show preferential killing of ActD-treated WEHI 164 cells. Two
      patients with chronic granulomatous disease had normal levels of monocyte
      cytotoxicity against ActD-treated tumor cells. To determine the possible role of
      proteolytic enzymes in mediating this reactivity, we studied various
      antiproteases. Organophosphorous agents (DFP and PMSF), chloromethyl-ketone
      derivatives of tosylamino acids (TLCK and TPCK), Actinomyces products (pepstatin
      and chymostatin), and the synthetic protease substrate TAME inhibited monocyte
      mediated cytotoxicity against ActD-treated WEHI 164 cells. The macromolecular
      protease inhibitors alpha-1 antitrypsin, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor
      (BPTI), soybean trypsin inhibitor, and the synthetic protease substrate ATEE had
      little effect on monocyte cytotoxicity. When monocytes were preincubated with
      drugs for 1 hr and washed, TLCK, TPCK, and PMSF inhibited cytolysis, whereas the
      less effective chymostatin and TAME and the inactive BPTI had no effect under
      these conditions. Inhibition by preincubation with TLCK, PMSF, and TPCK was
      completely reversed after 6 hr of culture. Supernatants of monocyte cultures had
      lytic activity against ActD-treated WEHI 164 but not against untreated cells.
      Antiproteases inhibited the lytic activity of monocyte supernatants. These
      results strongly suggest that ROI do not play a critical role in monocyte
      mediated rapid killing of drug-treated tumor cells, and that proteolytic enzymes
      are involved in this reactivity.

PMID- 4038991
TI  - Binding capacity of sex-hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone
      determination in evaluation of hirsute women.
AB  - To investigate the relation between free testosterone (T) and binding capacity of
      sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG-BC) and a degree of hirsutism, 34 women were
      classified into 3 groups according to the criteria of Ferriman and Gallway on the
      degree of the hirsutism; 11 patients with a total score of 1 to 3 (group 1), 8
      patients with a total score of 4 to 10 (group 2), and 15 patients with a total
      score of 11 or more (group 3). Total plasma T, SHBG-BC, and free plasma T were
      measured in each group, and they were compared with those of controls. In groups
      1 and 2, mean levels of total T were slightly higher than in controls but the
      differences were not significant. Total T levels were extremely elevated in group
      3. Mean level of SHBG-BC in group 1 was slightly lower than in controls but was
      not statistically significant. SHBG-BC was drastically reduced in groups 2 and 3.
      The percent free T levels and free T concentrations were significantly higher
      than those of controls in groups 2 and 3, but not in group 1. The results
      suggested that decreased SHBG-BC and increased free T might be the cause of
      hirsutism in women with normal total T levels.

PMID- 4038992
TI  - An aqueous-organic extraction method for the isolation and identification of
      psilocin from hallucinogenic mushrooms.
AB  - A simple aqueous extraction method for the isolation and identification of
      psilocin from Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms is reported. This method employs a
      dephosphorylation of the phosphate ester to psilocin, which facilitates a greater
      product yield and simplifies identification. Psilocin extracted by this method is
      sufficiently concentrated and free of cocontaminants to allow identification by
      infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4038993
TI  - Dopamine agonist activity of EMD 23,448.
AB  - EMD 23,448 was examined in tests of dopaminergic function and was found to be an
      atypical dopamine (DA) agonist. EMD 23,448 was a weak or inactive DA agonist when
      examined in tests of normal postsynaptic DA receptor function: production of
      stereotypy in the rat (ED50 greater than 5.0 mg/kg i.p.); production of emesis in
      beagles (minimum effective dose = 81 micrograms/kg i.v.); and, enhanced locomotor
      activity of the mouse (no excitation in doses less than or equal to 50 mg/i.p.).
      Moreover, EMD 23,448 was relatively weak in competing for [3H]-apomorphine
      binding to rat striatal membranes (Ki, 205 nM). On the other hand, this indolyl-3
      butylamine did activate supersensitive postsynaptic DA receptors. Specifically,
      it elicited contralateral turning in rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine
      lesion of the substantia nigra (ED50 value = 0.9 mg/kg) and did elicit stereotypy
      in rats given chronic daily haloperidol treatments. EMD 23,448 also exerted
      pharmacological effects in tests designed to measure activation of dopamine
      autoreceptors. It inhibited the gamma-butyrolactone-induced increase in striatal
      dopa levels (ED50 = 1 mg/kg i.p.) and produced a dose-related fall in the
      locomotor activity of the mouse. The results are discussed and contrasted with
      data derived for apomorphine and the putatively selective autoreceptor agonist
      (+/-)-3-PPP.

PMID- 4038994
TI  - The reaction of Pt-antitumor drugs with selected nucleophiles. I. The reaction of
      cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] with glycine.
AB  - Various Pt(II)-glycine coordination compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C
      NMR spectroscopy, some of them also by electrophoretic and chromatographic
      behavior. The results were applied to the analysis of the reaction mixtures of
      cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] and glycine obtained under various conditions. Cis
      [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] reacts with glycine to give cis-diammine-(glycine-N,O)-Pt(II) and
      cis-diammine-bis(glycine-N-)Pt(II). Their ratio depends primarily on the pH of
      the reaction medium. Conformation of these compounds is discussed based on the
      observed Pt-C and Pt-H NMR coupling constants.

PMID- 4038995
TI  - The reaction of Pt-antitumor drugs with selected nucleophiles. II. Preparation
      and characterization of coordination compounds of Pt(II) and L-histidine.
AB  - Various His-Pt(II) coordination compounds were prepared by reaction of K2PtCl4 or
      cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2](cis-DDP) with His and analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy,
      electrophoresis, and ion-exchange chromatography. His may be coordinated to Pt by
      the imidazol iminogroup and/or the alpha-aminogroup; the carboxygroup remains
      always free. Both bidentate as well as monodentate ligands were identified. Cis
      DDP reacts with His to give a mixture of compounds where all these possibilities
      are present: cis-diamine-(histidine-N,N-)Pt(II) and three different types of cis
      diammine-bis(histidine). HCl trans cleavage of compounds with bidentate His
      ligands leads to a mixture of two compounds having His ligated to Pt by an amino
      or imin group. The methods applied are suitable for analyzing reactions of His
      with cis-DDP under model conditions similar to physiological conditions.

PMID- 4038996
TI  - Unmasking of cerebellar tumours by amitriptyline in depressive patients.

PMID- 4038997
TI  - Lesions in nucleus basalis magnocellularis and medial septal area of rats produce
      qualitatively similar memory impairments.
AB  - The functional contribution of nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) and the
      medial septal area (MSA) to memory was evaluated in two different spatial
      discriminations. Preoperatively, rats were trained to a criterion level of
      performance in a simultaneous left/right discrimination on the stem of a T-maze
      (a trial-independent memory) and a discrete-trial, rewarded alternation
      discrimination on the arms of the T-maze (a trial-dependent memory). Bilateral
      lesions were made by injecting ibotenic acid (IBO) into the NBM, MSA, both NBM
      and MSA, or dorsal globus pallidus (DGP), and by radiofrequency current (RF) in
      the NBM and MSA. Control rats received operations in which either no current was
      passed or no neurotoxin was injected. Lesions in the NBM, MSA, or both the NBM
      and MSA produced a similar pattern of behavioral changes relative to the
      performance of controls; postoperative reacquisition of the arm discrimination
      was initially impaired but showed recovery to normal levels, whereas
      postoperative reacquisition and reversal of the stem discrimination was not
      impaired (except following the combined NBM and MSA lesion). Lesions of the DGP
      had no effect on choice accuracy in any discrimination. When the discrimination
      on the arms was made more difficult by increasing the delay interval during which
      the information had to be remembered, rats with combined NBM and MSA lesions were
      again impaired relative to controls and showed no signs of recovery of function.
      These results provide information about the behavioral functions of the basal
      forebrain cholinergic system and suggest that pathological changes in certain
      components of this system can cause disorders of memory.

PMID- 4038998
TI  - The binding of peroxidase-labelled lectins to human breast epithelium. IV--The
      reactivity of breast carcinomas to peanut, soy bean and Dolichos biflorus
      agglutinins.
AB  - The binding of the lectins from peanut, soy bean and Dolichos biflorus (specific
      for galactose and/or N-acetyl-D-galactosamine), to human breast carcinomas has
      been investigated. In contrast to the consistent pattern found in normal breast
      the reactivity of carcinomas to peanut lectin is varied, the most striking
      differences being prominent binding without desialation in some tumours and
      virtual lack of reactivity in others. There tends to be a greater degree of
      binding of soy bean agglutinin to carcinomas than normal although this is not
      absolute, and the reverse applies to Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. Comparison of
      the binding of the three lectins has revealed a complex heterogeneity of the
      carbohydrate chains within individual tumours and between different carcinomas. A
      significant relationship between peanut lectin binding, with the use of
      neuraminidase, and tumour differentiation as been found, and to a lesser extent
      with soy bean agglutinin when desialation is performed. However, the pattern of
      reactivity of the carcinomas with these three lectins does not appear to be
      related to local lymph node metastasis.

PMID- 4038999
TI  - Aplastic anemia in Dubowitz syndrome.

PMID- 4039000
TI  - Hatching of northern fowl mite eggs held at different temperatures and
      humidities.

PMID- 4039001
TI  - Spontaneous endotoxinemia.

PMID- 4039002
TI  - Discriminative stimulus effects of morphine withdrawal in the dependent rat:
      suppression by opiate and nonopiate drugs.
AB  - Morphine-dependent rats can be trained to discriminate between s.c. injections of
      saline and 0.1 mg/kg of naltrexone. The discriminative effects of naltrexone,
      measured by the number of trials completed on the naltrexone-appropriate choice
      lever in a 20-trial avoidance paradigm, derive from stimuli associated with
      morphine withdrawal. Opiate and nonopiate drugs were injected s.c. and examined
      for their ability to block naltrexone-induced discriminative effects and loss of
      body weight in morphine-dependent rats. Seven opiates blocked dose dependently
      the discriminative effects of naltrexone and loss of body weight. Potency ranged
      from fentanyl (330 X morphine) to meperidine (less than 1 X morphine); effects
      were stereoselective for levorotatory isomers. Loperamide, an opiate that does
      not readily enter the brain, blocked loss of body weight but not discriminative
      effects, suggesting that discriminative effects are mediated centrally. Nonopiate
      behavioral depressants, diazepam, haloperidol and pentobarbital, did not
      substantially affect either dependent variable, but clonidine (0.01-1.0 mg/kg)
      blocked discriminative effects of naltrexone partially and weight loss
      completely. The blockade by morphine (30 mg/kg) of naltrexone-induced
      discriminative effects and weight loss was surmounted by increasing the dose of
      naltrexone whereas the blockade by clonidine (0.1 mg/kg) was not. Thus, blockade
      by opiates of effects of naltrexone appears to be due to a competitive
      interaction at the mu opioid receptor; clonidine has a different mechanism of
      action. This discrimination paradigm may afford a specific animal model for
      studying fundamental processes underlying physical dependence on opiates and for
      evaluating novel pharmacologic approaches for treating opiate withdrawal in
      humans.

PMID- 4039003
TI  - Dimercaprol in the treatment of thrombocytopenia purpura induced by gold salts.

PMID- 4039004
TI  - Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia with supravalvar aortic stenosis
      treated by surgery.

PMID- 4039006
TI  - Increased frequency of lymphocytic mitotic non-disjunction in recurrent
      spontaneous aborters.
AB  - Hypermodal chromosomal spreads occurred significantly more frequently in
      lymphocytes from couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion than from comparison
      populations. Previously, we reported a similarly increased frequency in couples
      with aneuploid offspring. Considering the frequency of aneuploidy among first
      trimester spontaneous abortions, we suggest that there may be a sub-population of
      persons predisposed to non-disjunction among couples with reproductive wastage.

PMID- 4039005
TI  - Investigation of human chromosome polymorphisms by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Human chromosome polymorphisms were investigated by scanning electron microscopy
      (SEM). Centromeric heterochromatin was of a constricted morphology. The extent of
      the C banded region was demarcated by a prominent circumferential groove in G
      banded chromosomes. Circumferential grooves were observed within the
      heterochromatin of chromosome 9, and the number of grooves present reflected the
      size of the region. Three dimensional viewing of satellites and short arms of
      acrocentric chromosomes, from different angles in the SEM, provided the
      opportunity for accurate assessment of the size of satellites to be made. Also,
      small morphological variations were defined in the SEM when definition was
      uncertain in the light microscope (LM).

PMID- 4039007
TI  - Chromatin-specific hypersensitive sites are assembled on a Xenopus histone gene
      injected into Xenopus oocytes.
AB  - A cloned histone H4 gene of Xenopus laevis is efficiently transcribed after
      injection into germinal vesicles of X. laevis oocytes. Deletion analyses indicate
      that less than 140 base-pairs of 5' flanking sequences and 50 base-pairs of 3'
      flanking sequences are required for efficient transcription of this gene in
      Xenopus oocytes. Chromatin footprint analysis by a direct end-label technique
      reveals discrete DNase I-hypersensitive and micrococcal nuclease-hypersensitive
      sites at the 5' and 3' boundaries of the gene, which bracket the transcribed
      region of this minichromosome. The specific chromatin structure assembled around
      this homologous gene, together with the finding that histone genes of Drosophila
      melanogaster are not assembled into specific nucleoprotein structures within
      Xenopus oocytes, strongly suggest that sequence-specific and species-specific
      factors may be responsible for generating the chromatin-specific hypersensitive
      sites at the boundaries of active genes.

PMID- 4039008
TI  - The tissue-specific chicken histone H5 gene is transcribed with fidelity in
      Xenopus laevis oocytes.
AB  - Vectors containing the chicken H5 gene were micro-injected into the nucleus of
      Xenopus laevis oocytes. Transcription of the H5 gene was accurately initiated and
      H5 transcripts with discrete 3' termini were produced. H5 transcripts were not
      polyadenylated in oocyte nuclei.

PMID- 4039009
TI  - The ontogeny of shell secretion in Terebratalia transversa (Brachiopoda,
      Articulata). I. Development of the mantle.
AB  - The morphology of the mantle in free-swimming and metamorphosing larvae of the
      articulate brachiopod Terebratalia transversa has been examined by scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy. The mantle begins to form approximately 2 days
      after fertilization and subsequently develops into a skirtlike lobe that
      encircles the middle region of the larval body. A simple epithelium covers both
      the outer surface of the mantle lobe and the inner side situated next to the
      pedicle lobe of the larva. During metamorphosis, the mantle lobe is everted over
      the anterior end of the larva. Thus, the epithelium covering the outer part of
      the mantle lobe in the larva subsequently becomes the inner epithelium of the
      juvenile mantle. Similarly, the inner epithelium of the larval mantle lobe
      represents the future outer epithelium of the juvenile mantle. In free-swimming
      larvae, the prospective outer mantle epithelium contains two types of cells,
      called "lobate" and "vesicular" cells. Lobate cells initially deposit a thin
      layer of amorphous material, and vesicular cells produce ovoid multigranular
      bodies. Following settlement at about 5 days postfertilization, the vesicular
      cells secrete an electron-dense sheet that constitutes the basal layer of the
      developing periostracum. Within several hours to a day thereafter, reversal of
      the mantle lobe is rapidly effected, apparently by contractions of the pedicle
      adjustor muscles.

PMID- 4039010
TI  - The ontogeny of shell secretion in Terebratalia transversa (Brachiopoda,
      Articulata). II. Formation of the protegulum and juvenile shell.
AB  - The fine structure of the shell and underlying mantle in young juveniles of the
      articulate brachiopod Terebratalia transversa has been examined by electron
      microscopy. The first shell produced by the mantle consists of a nonhinged
      protegulum that lacks concentric growth lines. The protegulum is secreted within
      a day after larval metamorphosis and typically measures 140-150 micron long. A
      thin organic periostracum constitutes the outer layer of the protegulum, and
      finely granular shell material occurs beneath the periostracum. Protegula resist
      digestion in sodium hypochlorite and are refractory to sectioning, suggesting
      that the subperiostracal portion of the primordial shell is mineralized. The
      juvenile shell at 4 days postmetamorphosis possesses incomplete sockets and
      rudimentary teeth that consist of nonfibrous material. The secondary layer
      occuring in the inner part of the juvenile shell contains imbricated fibers,
      whereas the outer portion of the shell comprises a bipartite periostracum and an
      underlying primary layer of nonfibrous shell. Deposition of the periostracum
      takes place within a slot that is situated between the so-called lobate and
      vesicular cells of the outer mantle lobe. Vesicular cells deposit the basal layer
      of the periostracum, while lobate cells contribute materials to the overlying
      periostracal superstructure. Cells with numerous tonofibrils and hemidesmosomes
      differentiate in the outer mantle epithelium at sites of muscle attachments, and
      unbranched punctae that surround mantle caeca develop throughout the
      subperiostracal portion of the shell. Three weeks after metamorphosis, the
      juvenile shell averages about 320 micron in length and is similar in
      ultrastructure to the shells secreted by adult articulates.

PMID- 4039011
TI  - Reports of the Judicial Council of the American Medical Association, December
      1984.

PMID- 4039012
TI  - Progesterone as a predictor of cyclicity in Bolivian squirrel monkeys during the
      breeding season.
AB  - In a squirrel monkey breeding colony, two distinct groups of females were
      observed during the breeding season, December through March. One had low and the
      other had high estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) concentrations. The conception
      rate in females with high E2 and P values was 74%. However, only 25% of monkeys
      with low steroid concentrations became pregnant during the breeding season. This
      study showed that all mature females in a colony may not be cycling concurrently
      and that two serum P measurements obtained at four-day intervals may be utilized
      to detect noncycling monkeys during the breeding season.

PMID- 4039013
TI  - Absence of therapeutic blood concentrations of tetracycline in rats after
      administration in drinking water.
AB  - Because of ease of administration and broad antibacterial spectrum, tetracycline
      often is administered in drinking water to control infectious diseases of rats.
      Assay of serum after a gavage bolus of tetracycline (300 mg/kg body weight)
      revealed little absorption of tetracycline by this route. Rats were given water
      containing tetracycline at several concentrations (400 mg/liter, 4g/liter, and 4
      g tetracycline plus 50 g sucrose/liter) ad libitum and serum concentrations of
      tetracycline were monitored. Bioassay of serum samples from these animals, taken
      during 72 hours of water medication, revealed no detectable tetracycline
      concentrations (greater than 0.2 mcg/ml) in the 400 mg and 4 g/liter groups. Two
      of eighteen serum samples from the group given 4 g tetracycline with 50 g
      sucrose/liter had minimal therapeutic tetracycline concentrations (0.3 mcg/ml)
      effective for Mycoplasma pulmonis. Some of the animals given tetracycline ad
      libitum in drinking water drank very little and lost weight compared to control
      animals. These findings indicate that the practice of adding tetracycline to
      drinking water of rats may be ineffective in controlling systemic diseases, and
      also be detrimental to the treated animals.

PMID- 4039014
TI  - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)-induced acute renal failure in the rat.
      Correlation of structural and functional alterations.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to examine the relationship between renal morphologic and
      functional alterations during the development of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum
      (II) (CDDP)-induced acute renal failure (ARF). Control and CDDP-treated rats (10
      mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were housed in metabolic cages for the purpose of renal
      function determinations. Renal morphology was studied by light and electron
      microscopy at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following treatment. Six hours
      following CDDP administration, morphologic alterations consisting of nucleolar
      segregation, ribosome dispersion, and the formation of aggregates of smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum were observed throughout the P3 portion of the proximal
      tubule located in the outer stripe of the outer medulla and medullary rays. These
      changes became more frequently observed throughout P3 during the course of the
      study. At 24 and 48 hours, focal changes were also observed involving the P1 and
      P2 segments of the proximal tubule which make up the pars convoluta. ARF,
      indicated by a reduced creatinine clearance, was first apparent 48 hours
      following CDDP administration. The development of ARF was associated with focal,
      primarily sublethal, cell injury throughout the proximal tubule. By 72 and 96
      hours necrosis primarily affecting P3 became widespread, and renal function
      progressively worsened. The establishment of ARF prior to the development of
      tubular necrosis suggests that the processes of tubular obstruction and/or
      tubular fluid backleak are not involved in the initiation of ARF in this model.
      Instead, the alterations involving P1 and P2 appear to be most important during
      the early stages of CDDP-induced ARF. The severity of the convoluted tubular
      injury at 48 hours showed a significant correlation with the degree of renal
      function impairment. The tubular injury affecting P3 did not correlate with the
      loss of renal function at any of the time points studied. However, tubular injury
      in P3 did appear responsible for some degree of renal function impairment at 72
      and 96 hours, probably as a result of tubular obstruction and/or tubular fluid
      backleak.

PMID- 4039015
TI  - Metastasis in the androgen-insensitive Nb rat prostatic carcinoma system.
AB  - This unit has in the past evaluated the Nb rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model
      with respect to chemotherapies. Recently, this unit has been evaluating agents
      that may have a role in decreasing metastatic rate. The three androgen
      insensitive tumors, Nb Pr A.I. I, II, III, have been evaluated herein. Agents
      that have been used include indomethacin, heparin, heparin plus cortisone, and
      heparan sulfate (SP54). It has been shown that these agents do play a role in
      reducing the metastasis. In evaluation of Nb Pr A.I, I, control animals had a
      metastatic rate of 57%. In treatment with indocin, only 21% of the animals, three
      of 14 animals treated, had a metastasis, and treatment with heparin and cortisone
      resulted in one of 14 animals having metastasis. Similar observations were seen
      when treatment with SP54 and heparin was evaluated in the Nb Pr A.I. III; 18 and
      27% of treatment group animals had metastasis, whereas 55% of control groups had
      metastasis. Similarly, in the Nb Pr A.I. II evaluation, control animals having a
      metastatic rate of 43% had heparin plus cortisone and heparin alone, and this
      particular tumor model revealed complete resolution with no animals having
      metastatic disease. The majority of these agents have not effected tumor volume
      in terms of reduction as much as the best chemotherapeutic agents in this model
      system include cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum.

PMID- 4039016
TI  - Use of gut cyclic motor activity to evaluate a stimulant (narcotic) and inhibitor
      (anticholinergic) of gastrointestinal-tract activity in the unanesthetized dog.
AB  - The use of gut cyclic motor activity to evaluate both a stimulant and inhibitor
      of gastrointestinal contractile activity in the unanesthetized dog is described.
      In the interdigestive (fasted) state, there is a cyclic alternation of intense
      periods of contractions (burst) with quiescent periods (basal). Codeine
      phosphate, a narcotic agent, caused a dose-dependent increase in the number and
      duration of circular muscle contractions when administered in the basal phase.
      Hyoscine N-butyl-bromide, an anticholinergic drug, caused a dose-dependent
      reduction in both amplitude and frequency of burst-phase contractions. When a
      combination of codeine phosphate and hyoscine N-butylbromide was administered
      simultaneously in the basal or burst phase, the hyoscine N-butylbromide prevailed
      and had the dominant effect. This is a useful in vivo model to evaluate the
      effects of drugs on the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 4039017
TI  - Prostaglandin E1. A new therapy for refractory right heart failure and pulmonary
      hypertension after mitral valve replacement.
AB  - Patients undergoing mitral valve replacement, particularly those with severe
      pulmonary hypertension and/or congestive heart failure, may develop life
      threatening right heart failure in the immediate postbypass period. We have
      observed that such patients have intense pulmonary vasoconstriction. The markedly
      increased pulmonary impedance may aggravate the right heart failure and prevent
      recovery of right ventricular function in this setting. Therefore, we studied the
      effects of high-dose prostaglandin E1 (30 to 150 ng/kg/min), a potent pulmonary
      vasodilator, in combination with massive infusion of norepinephrine (up to 1
      microgram/kg/min) into the left atrium in five consecutive patients with
      refractory right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension after mitral valve
      replacement. This pharmacologic approach takes advantage of the pulmonary
      vasodilating effects of prostaglandin E1, while offsetting associated systemic
      vasodilation and resulting hypotension. All five patients had rapid pulmonary
      vasodilator responses followed by marked improvement in right ventricular
      function. All survived the operation and none had right ventricular infarction or
      chronic right heart failure postoperatively.

PMID- 4039018
TI  - Orally administered specific transfer factor for the treatment of herpes
      infections.

PMID- 4039019
TI  - [Intense thrombocytopenia associated with the use of heroin].

PMID- 4039020
TI  - Otitis media with effusion in preschool children.
AB  - The incidence, prevalence, and natural history of otitis media with effusion
      (OME) and middle ear high negative pressure (HNP) were investigated in a group of
      2 to 6 year old preschool children. The children were examined monthly over a two
      year period from September 1981 to August 1983. The middle ear status was
      assessed using a decision-tree algorithm which combined the findings of pneumatic
      otoscopy, tympanometry, and acoustic reflex measurements. Fifty-three percent of
      the children in the first year and 61% in the second year developed OME; also
      during the two years, HNP was documented in 66% of the children. Eighty percent
      of OME episodes lasted only two months. The prevalence of OME and HNP showed a
      seasonal variation and a strong association with the presence of upper
      respiratory infections (URIs). The incidence of OME was independent of age. These
      data indicate that OME and HNP are prevalent conditions with a high spontaneous
      recovery in the preschool population.

PMID- 4039021
TI  - X-linked mixed hearing loss: four case studies.
AB  - To present four cases of an X-linked inner ear malformation, the authors studied
      inner ear malformations and present here all the radiological, genetic, and
      audiological tests of these patients. The importance of this paper is to
      reinforce the differential diagnosis between this pathology and otosclerosis in
      order to avoid surgical procedures.

PMID- 4039022
TI  - Argon laser coagulation of blood for the anastomosis of small vessels.
AB  - A new technique is introduced in which an argon laser coagulates blood to form an
      adherent sleeve for the anastomosis of small vessels. The argon laser solidifies
      the blood into a dark tensile substance which supports the site of repair until
      vascular continuity is achieved. Laser pulses of 0.75 W and 0.5 seconds exposure
      are used, and damage to the underlying vessel wall is minimal. A histological
      analysis is performed and the results are examined qualitatively. The technique
      shows advantages of speed, reduced vascular trauma, and external protection at
      the site of vascular repair.

PMID- 4039023
TI  - Withdrawal syndrome follows abrupt cessation of intracerebroventricular infusion
      of epinephrine in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Aortic blood pressure and heart rate were measured directly during chronic (5
      day) intracerebroventricular infusion of epinephrine in conscious, unrestrained
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and following abrupt cessation of drug
      infusion. During the infusion period, no statistically significant differences in
      mean aortic pressures were observed between SHR that received vehicle and those
      which received epinephrine at 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 micrograms (base) per hour for 5
      days via osmotic minipumps. A significant reduction in heart rate was noted
      during some, but not all, days of the epinephrine infusion period; the onset of
      bradycardia appeared to be dose-related. Immediately following abrupt cessation
      of epinephrine (but not vehicle) infusion, a complex withdrawal syndrome was
      observed to include: a significant and sustained elevation of aortic blood
      pressure, tachycardia, increased water consumption, and several distinct
      behavioral effects. The reaction appeared maximal at about 2 hours, and lasted
      less than 24 hours.

PMID- 4039024
TI  - Ethanol directly increases dihydrotestosterone conversion primarily to 5 alpha
      androstan-3 beta, 17 beta-diol in rat Leydig cells.
AB  - Our studies demonstrate that direct stimulation of dihydrotestosterone metabolism
      by ethanol (2.2 - 65 mM) in rat Leydig cells primarily involves an increase in 5
      alpha-androstan-3 beta, 17 beta-diol. Although the enzyme catalyzing this
      conversion, 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, is localized
      in the microsomal fraction of Leydig cells, ethanol does not increase 5 alpha
      androstan-3 beta, 17 beta-diol formation in isolated microsomes, presumably
      because of the removal of soluble alcohol dehydrogenase activity, which we
      propose mediates this action. Because 5 alpha-androstan-3 beta, 17 beta-diol is
      generally considered a weak or inactive androgen, this effect may function to
      decrease dihydrotestosterone secretion by Leydig cells and/or to reduce the
      availability of this androgen in responsive tissues.

PMID- 4039025
TI  - Cyclosporine alters opiate withdrawal in rodents.
AB  - Opiates exert numerous effects on all levels of the central nervous system with
      tolerance, physical dependence and withdrawal being characteristics of this drug
      class. The degree of dependence is directly correlated to the intensity of
      withdrawal. Therefore, success in modifying the withdrawal syndrome may shed
      light on the dynamics of opiate addiction. The present study demonstrates that
      cyclosporine, a widely used immunosuppressive drug, considerably modified the
      behavioral signs of a naloxone-induced abstinence syndrome in morphine-addicted
      rats. In previous experiments, alpha-interferon has shown similar results. The
      similarity in actions of these two immunomodulator drugs is discussed and we
      suggest that opiate addiction may involve the immune system.

PMID- 4039026
TI  - Vindesine and high-dose cisplatin in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell
      lung cancer.
AB  - Seventeen patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were entered
      on a combination chemotherapy protocol including vindesine and high-dose
      cisplatin. All patients had measurable disease and had not previously received
      chemotherapy. All patients entered were evaluable for toxicity and response.
      Tumor regression was limited to one complete and one partial response (response
      rate, 11.7%; 95% confidence limits, 0 to 27%). The complete and partial response
      lasted 260 + and 82 days, respectively. For the 15 nonresponding patients, the
      median time to disease progression was 76 days. Median survival was 141 days for
      the whole group. Significant toxic effects were vindesine-related peripheral
      neuropathy and cisplatin-induced emesis. Myelosuppression was mild and
      manageable. The response for the vindesine-cisplatin combination observed in our
      study is inferior to that seen in a previous vindesine-cisplatin trial reported
      by others. Thus, the true value of this two-drug regimen in the treatment of
      NSCLC remains to be established.

PMID- 4039027
TI  - [Acute gastric ulcerations in rats with obstructive jaundice--with special
      reference to gastric mucosal blood flow].
AB  - The mechanism of acute gastric ulcerations in rats with obstructive jaundice was
      investigated in terms of the changes in the gastric mucosal blood flow. Further,
      the effect of vagotomy with or without obstructive jaundice was examined. One
      hundred and eighty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 250 g were prepared
      and divided into 4 groups as follows; sham operation (control group), ligation of
      the bile duct (jaundiced group), vagotomy with pyloroplasty (vagotomized group),
      ligation of the bile duct and vagotomy with pyloroplasty (jaundiced and
      vagotomized group). After two weeks, water immersion and restraint stress
      procedures were performed in these 4 groups. The gravity of the gastric
      ulcerations was calculated by ulcer index. The gastric mucosal blood flow was
      measured by hydrogen clearance technique. The following results were obtained.
      The control group showed increased ulcer index and decreased gastric mucosal
      blood flow after the stress procedures. The jaundiced group showed significantly
      higher ulcer index and early, significant decrease of gastric mucosal blood flow
      compared to the control group after the stress procedures. The vagotomized group
      showed significantly decreased ulcer index after stress procedures compared to
      the control group, however, the gastric mucosal blood flow were unchanged between
      both groups before and after the stress procedures. The jaundiced and vagotomized
      group showed significant decrease of ulcer index and improvement of decrease of
      gastric mucosal blood flow compared to the jaundiced group. These data suggested
      that the significant decrease of gastric mucosal blood flow during the stress
      procedures was one of exacerbating factors of the acute gastric ulcerations in
      rats with obstructive jaundice, and vagotomy might prevent them by maintaining
      the gastric mucosal blood flow in obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 4039028
TI  - Activation of the c-abl oncogene by viral transduction or chromosomal
      translocation generates altered c-abl proteins with similar in vitro kinase
      properties.
AB  - The v-abl protein of Abelson murine leukemia virus is a tyrosine-specific kinase.
      Its normal cellular homolog, murine c-abl, does not possess detectable tyrosine
      kinase activity in vitro. Previously, we have detected tyrosine kinase activity
      in vitro for an altered c-abl gene product (c-abl P210) in the K562 human chronic
      myelogenous leukemia cell line. The expression of this variant c-abl gene product
      correlates with chromosomal translocation and amplification of the c-abl gene in
      K562 cells. Like v-abl, c-abl P210 is a fusion protein containing non-abl
      sequences near the amino terminus of c-abl. We compared the in vitro tyrosine
      kinase activity of c-abl P210 with that of wild-type murine v-abl. The remarkable
      similarities of these two proteins with respect to cis-acting
      autophosphorylation, trans-acting phosphorylation of exogenous substrates, and
      kinase inhibition, using site-directed abl-specific antisera, suggested that c
      abl P210 could function similarly to v-abl in vivo. In addition, c-abl P210
      possessed an associated serine kinase activity in immunoprecipitates. The serine
      kinase activity was not inhibited by site-directed, abl-specific antisera that
      inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity, suggesting that the serine kinase activity
      is not an intrinsic property of c-abl P210. Thus, the activation of the c-abl
      gene in a human leukemia cell line may have functional consequences analogous to
      activation of the c-abl gene in Abelson murine leukemia virus.

PMID- 4039029
TI  - [Follow-up study of former prenatally dystrophic newborn infants now 6 to 12
      years old].
AB  - 58 small-for-date (SFD) aged 6 to 12 years, born between 1970 and 1975 were
      followed-up. Retardation of motor skills and speech during early infancy was
      found in 20-30%. At 6 to 12 years of age one third still had deficits in body
      weight und height. Neurological abnormalities in 17 children were usually mild,
      most often affecting fine motor function. Significant impairment of visuomotor
      perception on psychological testing was seen in 21 children, and EEG
      abnormalities in 20 cases. The results in neurological, psychological and EEG
      investigations for 23 children (group I) were normal. 24 patients (group II)
      showed one or two abnormal findings. In 9 children (group III) results of all
      three examinations were abnormal. The follow-up results were influenced by
      socioeconomic factors. Small-for-date babies showed on the whole encouraging
      results on follow-up during later childhood, with 40% of the children being
      normal, and mostly mild abnormalities in the remaining patients. Prognosis may be
      further improved by preterm delivery, i.e. early termination of intrauterine
      growth retardation.

PMID- 4039030
TI  - The differential effect of benzamide upon the toxicity and mutations produced in
      Chinese hamster ovary cells by N-methyl nitrosourea, N-ethyl nitrosourea and N
      hydroxy-2-aminofluorene.

PMID- 4039031
TI  - X-ray sensitive mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cell line: radio-sensitivity of
      DNA synthesis.
AB  - 6 mutants of the CHO cell line hypersensitive to ionizing radiation have been
      previously described (Jeggo et al., 1982; Jeggo and Kemp, 1983). In this report,
      the degree of radiosensitivity of DNA synthesis in these mutant strains has been
      investigated. 5 of the 6 mutant strains showed a greater degree of inhibition of
      DNA synthesis following gamma-irradiation compared to the wild-type strains, one
      mutant showed a similar response to the parent strain. An analysis of the size of
      the DNA made after irradiation in mutant and wild-type strains indicated that
      initiation events were more inhibited than chain elongations. This enhanced
      radiosensitivity is in contrast to results observed using ataxia telangiectasia
      fibroblasts, in which DNA synthesis is radioresistant in comparison to normal
      skin fibroblasts. These results are interpreted on the basis of sensitivity
      resulting from a defect in DNA repair in these mutant strains.

PMID- 4039032
TI  - Double-strand break repair and G2 block in Chinese hamster ovary cells and their
      radiosensitive mutants.
AB  - Two X-ray-sensitive mutants of the CHO K1 cell line were examined for their cell
      cycle progression after irradiation with gamma-rays, and for their ability to
      rejoin double-strand breaks (DSBs) as detected by neutral filter elution. Both
      mutants were impaired in DSB rejoining and both were irreversibly blocked in the
      G2 phase of the cell cycle as determined by cytofluorometry. From one mutant we
      have isolated several revertants. The revertants stem from genomic DNA
      transfection experiments and may have been caused by gene uptake. All revertants
      survived gamma-irradiation as did the wild-type CHO line. One of them has been
      examined for its ability to rejoin DSBs and was found to be similar to the wild
      type.

PMID- 4039033
TI  - Co-recessive inheritance: a model for DNA repair, genetic disease and
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - A genetic model for some cases of excision-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)
      is proposed in which the trait (i.e., XP) is expressed if and only if the
      individual is homozygous or hemizygous for defective alleles at more than one of
      a specific set of loci. The model might also apply in some cases of certain other
      diseases associated with defective DNA repair. The model accounts for several
      paradoxical aspects of XP, including the large number of complementation groups
      despite the biochemically limited DNA-repair defect, the co-existence of XP and
      Cockayne's syndrome in two different complementation groups of XP, siblings with
      markedly different degrees of severity of XP in one family and transmission of
      the disease in an X-linked manner in another, the existence of some individuals
      who appear to have the DNA-repair defect but not clinical XP, and the seeming
      paradox of a disease associated with a marked defect in a DNA-repair mechanism
      but not associated with an obvious increase in incidence of internal cancer. The
      model predicts that a large proportion of the general population is a carrier of
      one or more of these defective genes for DNA-repair mechanisms. Such genes may be
      important in the etiology of much of human cancer.

PMID- 4039034
TI  - The spiral organ of dermatophytes.

PMID- 4039035
TI  - Successful treatment of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura with
      cyclosporine.

PMID- 4039036
TI  - An antibody cytotoxic to megakaryocyte progenitor cells in a patient with immune
      thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 4039037
TI  - Somatomedin C in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4039038
TI  - Lymphocyte development genes and immunodeficiency disease.

PMID- 4039040
TI  - The antitumor activity of oxoplatinum.
AB  - A coordination complex cis-dichlorodiamminedihydroxoplatinum (IV) (oxoplatinum)
      was first synthesized in the USSR by Chugaev and Khlopin in 1927 [3]. Its marked
      antitumor properties were revealed by one of the authors of this article at the
      All-Union Cancer Research Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR.
      The paper gives data on the antiblastic and side effects of oxoplatinum and also
      on the results of pharmacokinetic studies of the drug. Particular attention was
      paid to the similarity and differences of biological properties of oxoplatinum
      and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP) which has found wide use in
      oncological practice. It has been established that, on principle, oxoplatinum
      differs from DDP in action on the body and tumors. The new drug is 10 times less
      toxic than DDP. Oxoplatinum has a wide spectrum of antineoplastic action
      resulting in marked inhibition of growth of solid and ascitic forms of
      transplantable tumors. The drug has a longer duration of antitumor effect after
      the end of the therapeutic course. An important property of oxoplatinum is its
      high therapeutic index. The new drug manifests high antitumor activity with
      different ways of its administration into the body. Oxoplatinum in therapeutic
      doses does not produce necrotic lesions in the kidneys. The new drug exerted no
      cross-resistance with DDP and the alkylating antitumor agent sarcolysin. At the
      present time oxoplatinum is undergoing preclinical investigation.

PMID- 4039039
TI  - Diacylglycerol in large alpha-actinin/actin complexes and in the cytoskeleton of
      activated platelets.
AB  - The interaction of the cytoskeleton with plasma membranes may be mediated by
      vinculin, alpha-actinin and other proteins; alpha-actinin can interact
      specifically with model membranes only if they contain diacylglycerol and
      palmitic acid. On stimulation of platelets by thrombin, which leads to a
      reorganization of the cytoskeleton, diacylglycerol is produced rapidly,
      simultaneously with the disappearance of phosphatidylinositol. One important
      function of the diacylglycerol produced in platelets may be the activation of the
      Ca2+-and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C. We show here that, in the
      presence of diacylglycerol and palmitic acid, a supramolecular complex between
      alpha-actinin and actin is formed in vitro. In the electron microscope, this
      complex displays substructures similar to those of microfilament bundles in vivo.
      Furthermore, such alpha-actinin/lipid complexes can also be formed in situ during
      the stimulation of blood platelet aggregation. Thus, alpha-actinin may be one of
      the proteins directly involved in structures connecting the cytoskeleton to cell
      membranes.

PMID- 4039041
TI  - Ethanol and brain protein synthesis in the rat in vivo.
AB  - The effect of ethanol consumption (27% of calories) for 21 days, concomitant with
      a low-protein (6% calories) or a normal protein diet (17.5% calories), on
      tyrosine kinetics and protein synthesis in the brain, was investigated. Ethanol
      consumption did not affect tyrosine concentrations in the plasma, cerebellum,
      forebrain or olfactory bulb but increased significantly the rate of synthesis of
      total mixed protein in the forebrain and cerebellum. This effect was observed in
      rats fed on both dietary protein regimes.

PMID- 4039042
TI  - Recognition and treatment of premenstrual syndrome.
AB  - Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the title applied to a broad range of physical and
      psychological symptoms that occur cyclically, usually seven to 14 days prior to
      the onset of a woman's menstruation, and disappear during menstruation. Although
      the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome were described more than 50 years ago,
      recognition of PMS by the medical establishment as a discrete condition, which
      requires attention and treatment, is a fairly recent development. It is estimated
      that 30 percent of women experience PMS in a debilitating form at some point in
      their lifetimes from menarche to menopause. The symptomatology of PMS is varied;
      it includes such psychological symptoms as irritability, depression,
      oversensitivity, mood swings and anxiety, in addition to such physical symptoms
      as water retention, breast tenderness, weight gain and migraines. This broad
      range of symptoms has increased the difficulty of establishing an etiology for
      the syndrome, and it is now suggested that there may be several processes at
      work, each responsible for a different aspect of PMS. Care of the PMS patient by
      nurse practitioners initially requires acknowledgment of the legitimacy of her
      condition. A detailed physical examination should be accompanied by careful
      interviewing to elicit the most complete picture of the patient's experience with
      PMS. Treatment, which can involve dietary changes, hormone or antigonadotropin
      administration, must be individualized according to a patient's initial
      symptomatology and subsequent response. At present, research is in progress which
      will enhance our understanding and ability to deal with PMS.

PMID- 4039044
TI  - Evaluating premenstrual symptoms in medical practice.
AB  - Essential diagnostic criteria for evaluating premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms
      are marked change in intensity of symptoms measured on postmenstrual and
      premenstrual days and documentation of changes for at least two cycles. Four
      symptom evaluation methods in a PMS treatment program are compared and discussed:
      physician interview, menstrual symptom questionnaire, daily symptom ratings, and
      the Hopkins symptom checklist. Data from 241 patients who met the criteria for
      marked change in symptoms show that premenstrual symptom levels are severe, a
      subgroup has moderate symptoms continuing in the follicular phase, and that
      emotional symptoms are predominant. Diagnostic evaluation needs to distinguish
      menstrually related disorder from undiagnosed physical or psychiatric illness.
      Further research is needed to identify a classification system of multiple
      subtypes of menstrual disorders.

PMID- 4039043
TI  - Correlation of ominous fetal heart rate patterns and brain-specific creatine
      kinase.
AB  - Creatine kinase isoenzyme analysis was performed on the cord blood of 125 infants
      who had undergone at least 30 minutes of intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring.
      The tracings were scored blindly according to severity of abnormal patterns, and
      the infants were grouped into ominous, intermediate, and normal scores. No
      differences were seen in creatine kinase MM or creatine kinase MB levels among
      the three groups. However, infants with ominous fetal heart rate patterns had
      higher creatine kinase BB levels and poorer outcome than infants with normal
      patterns.

PMID- 4039045
TI  - Anicteric presentation of fatal herpetic hepatitis in pregnancy.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus hepatitis in pregnancy was first reported in 1969. Seven
      other cases have since been reported, and this communication describes two
      additional cases. The clinical presentation and laboratory profiles of these two
      cases parallel those described. Unreported, however, is the sharp contrast
      between the presentation of pregnant patients with herpes simplex virus hepatitis
      and the presentation of pregnant patients with other life-threatening forms of
      hepatitis. Nine of ten patients reported to date have been anicteric with peak
      total bilirubin levels of less than 1.3 mg/dL before cesarean section or
      laparotomy. That this presentation may not be unique to pregnancy is suggested by
      three case reports of fatal, anicteric herpes simplex virus hepatitis in
      previously healthy, nonpregnant adults. The cause of this phenomenon is unknown.

PMID- 4039046
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia and associated pituitary prolactinomas.
AB  - The association between serum prolactin (PRL) and the presence of pituitary
      tumors as determined by third generation computed tomography scan was studied in
      hyperprolactinemic patients. Patient charts from a four-year period were reviewed
      to identify those patients with elevated PRL (greater than or equal to 25 ng/mL).
      All patients with hyperprolactinemia underwent computed tomography scan
      evaluation of the pituitary gland. Hyperprolactinemia was identified in 79
      patients, mean PRL 59 +/- 6.1 ng/mL SEM. Pituitary tumors were identified in 35
      of these patients, mean PRL 65 +/- 11.9 ng/mL. This level was not significantly
      different from the level in 43 patients with normal computed tomography scans (52
      +/- 5.7 ng/mL). This review found that computed tomography scan identified
      pituitary tumors in 44% (35 of 79) of patients with hyperprolactinemia. The
      likelihood of finding a pituitary tumor did not correlate with the level of
      hyperprolactinemia. Computed tomography scan is indicated for the diagnosis of
      prolactinomas in all hyperprolactinemic patients regardless of the serum PRL
      level.

PMID- 4039048
TI  - Umbilical cord prolapse.

PMID- 4039047
TI  - Case-control study of galactorrhea and its relationship to the use of oral
      contraceptives.
AB  - A case-control study was performed to determine the relationship between
      galactorrhea and the use of oral contraceptives as well as other risk factors.
      The cases included all 109 Olmsted County residents who satisfied the diagnostic
      criteria for galactorrhea between 1970 and 1980. Control subjects were selected
      from a sampling frame of all medical registrations and matched to the cases by
      age, year, and residency. Pituitary adenomas were strongly associated with
      galactorrhea, as the relative risk was 23.2 (95% confidence interval 2.0 to
      90.0). In galactorrhea cases without pituitary adenomas there was an association
      with oral contraceptives (ever use versus never use), as the relative risk was
      2.3 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 4.4). Among current users of oral
      contraceptives, the risk of galactorrhea was not increased, but there was a trend
      of diminishing risk with duration of use. The estimate of relative risk was 3.1
      after discontinuation of oral contraceptive use and was highest for the first
      year after discontinuation (5.5), compared with a year or more after
      discontinuation (2.1). Thus, galactorrhea was associated with the cessation of
      oral contraceptives.

PMID- 4039049
TI  - Cardiac surgery review--by peers or by state?

PMID- 4039050
TI  - [Dynamics of perinatal and infant mortality].

PMID- 4039051
TI  - Autotomy following limb denervation: effects of previous exposure to neurectomy.
AB  - Neurectomy, dorsal rhizotomy or spinal cord lesions can evoke self-attack and
      autotomy of portions of insensate limbs. This behavior has been attributed to
      dysesthesia and/or pain. However, the majority of animals subjected to these
      lesions do not exhibit self-mutilation. This study was designed to test for
      individual predisposition to self-mutilative behaviors by effecting two
      sequential limb denervations. In susceptible animals, denervation of the first
      limb induced circulatory, trophic and inflammatory reactions and/or autotomy.
      Inflammation developed slowly in one or two digits of some animals and then
      spontaneously resolved. Other animals attacked the tips of inflamed digits
      effecting local autotomy. Still other animals aggressively attacked multiple
      digits, rapidly developed diffuse inflammation and produced extensive autotomy.
      Denervation of a second limb, following complete healing of all tissue injury,
      induced by the first denervation, produced several dramatic responses. Nearly 90%
      of those responding with autotomy to the first denervation responded with
      autotomy to the second denervation. In contrast, only 11% of the non-attackers
      showed autotomy following the second denervation. The inflammatory and autotomy
      responses to the second denervation were markedly reduced in latency and
      increased in intensity. The pattern of autotomy was stereotyped, initiated at the
      digit tips, progressed proximally, lead by advancing inflammation. It is
      suggested that a strong host-response component is involved in the autotomy
      response.

PMID- 4039052
TI  - Autotomy following limb denervation: effects of sparing selected afferents.
AB  - Lesions of the brachial plexus are often followed by inflammation, self-inflicted
      scratching and autotomy of the denervated extremity. If innervation of the
      shoulder girdle muscles was spared, this denervation syndrome was decreased in
      incidence and intensity as compared to a full brachial plexus section. Spared
      innervation increased the latency between the appearance of inflammation and
      autotomy, revealing a strong linkage between the site of inflammation and the
      site of autotomy attack. Plexus lesions, which spared one of the nerves of the
      distal limb, also decreased the incidence and intensity of autotomy and shifted
      self-attack from autotomy to scratching wounds. Subsequent section of this nerve
      produced a two-stage brachial plexus denervation, and the cumulated autotomy was
      markedly less than that produced by a single-stage brachial plexus denervation.
      Scratching wounds and autotomy exhibited similar latencies. Scratching was
      directed towards areas of partial innervation and autotomy towards areas of total
      denervation. The results are discussed in terms of the possible contributions of
      dysesthesia inflammation and ischemia in scratching behavior and autotomy.

PMID- 4039053
TI  - A study of low socioeconomic status, black teenage fathers and their nonfather
      peers.
AB  - Demographic background, attitude and knowledge about pregnancy and contraception,
      and family characteristics and dynamics of 100 teenage fathers were studied and
      compared with those of 100 nonfather, age-matched peers. The subjects' age ranged
      from 14 to 19 years with a mean age of 17.5 years. Nearly all subjects were black
      and were from families of low socioeconomic status. There were no differences
      between the two groups for age at first sexual intercourse (mean 12.5 years) and
      frequency of intercourse in the last year. More control subjects than fathers
      perceived pregnancy as disruptive of their future plans for school, job, and
      marriage. Teenage fathers were more likely to have mothers who were teenage
      parents (77% v 53%, P = .0007). In both groups, one third of their brothers and
      44% of their sisters were teenage parents. Both groups had poor knowledge about
      the risk of pregnancy and the effectiveness of contraceptives. In both groups,
      negative attitudes about contraceptives represent barriers to their use. Both
      groups of subjects became sexually active at young ages, had poor knowledge about
      pregnancy prevention, and often had unprotected intercourse. Although there were
      many similarities between the two groups, the teenage fathers, in particular,
      seemed to come from an environment in which teenage pregnancy was common,
      accepted, and perceived to be minimally disruptive of their lives now or in the
      future.

PMID- 4039054
TI  - An autosomal recessive bone dysplasia syndrome resembling hypochondroplasia.

PMID- 4039055
TI  - Behavioral analysis of sexual dysfunction in Hansen's disease.
AB  - Human sexual behavior is an interactive process including CNS, hormonal, and sex
      gland activities. This process can be disrupted in males who have Hansen's
      disease if testicular atrophy occurs. Elevations of centrally mediated
      luteinizing hormone and deficient testosterone levels were found in a male with
      Hansen's disease whose insufficient erections were secondary to atrophic testes.
      Quasi-experimental (A-B) analysis provided evidence for the efficacy of
      testosterone treatment for such a condition.

PMID- 4039056
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the colon with syncytiotrophoblastic differentiation:
      differential diagnosis and implications.
AB  - A case of adenocarcinoma of the colon is reported, whose metastases exhibited a
      syncytiotrophoblastic differentiation that gradually increased with advancing
      distance from the primary. Immunohistochemically, syncytiotrophoblastic giant
      cells with strong positivity for beta-HCG could be demonstrated within the
      metastatic tissue. Also, there was beta-HCG positivity in a fraction of the
      atypical epithelial elements of the primary. The case is discussed with respect
      to the differential diagnosis, and the cause of the syncytiotrophoblastic
      differentiation is attributed to the phenomenon of genetic instability. The case
      shows that by virtue of genetic instability totally new differentiations may be
      elaborated, so that the phenotypical appearance of a given tumor does not
      necessarily allow conclusions as to its tissue of origin. Thus, observations such
      as the one presented here clearly indicate that the histogenetic principle of
      tumor classifications by far does not apply to all cancers and that, therefore,
      its value and validity are considerably limited.

PMID- 4039057
TI  - Identical twins with uterus didelphys and duplex kidneys.

PMID- 4039058
TI  - Cardiac imaging techniques in the diagnosis of angiosarcoma of the heart: report
      of two cases.
AB  - Angiosarcoma of the heart is a rare and highly malignant tumour. Most of the
      reported cases have been diagnosed post mortem. In a one year period two cases
      were diagnosed during life and surgically treated. The only possible hope for
      survival is early diagnosis and surgical removal. Our cases illustrate the
      contribution of cardiac imaging techniques to early diagnosis and the feasibility
      of radical excision of this tumour.

PMID- 4039059
TI  - [Dyssegmental dysplasia. Clinical case report and review of literature].

PMID- 4039060
TI  - [Determination of phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase A1 in a mixture].
AB  - The phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase A1 activities were determined in
      various mixtures. When estimating the phospholipase A2 activity in venoms of
      snakes and insects the known methods based on measuring a change in the optical
      density of the egg yolk suspension are not acceptible if in investigated object
      besides phospholipases lysophospholipases are present (venoms of viper and giant
      hornet). In this case anomalous curves of changes in the system optical density
      in time are obtained. At the same time the analysis of such curves revealed that
      the method can be rather sensitive for determining lysophospholipases in venoms,
      as well as in phospholipase preparations of different purification, including
      electrophoretically homogeneous preparations. The results obtained enabled us to
      estimate the content of phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase A1 in the venom of
      giant hornet and in its fractions, obtained during isolation and purification of
      the concerned enzymes.

PMID- 4039061
TI  - [Case of galactorrhea in a transsexual male patient].

PMID- 4039062
TI  - [Circadian rhythm of corticosteroids in female hamadryas baboons during long-term
      hypokinesia].
AB  - Radioimmunoassay was used to study the effect of restricted motor activity on the
      circadian rhythms of the content of hydrocortisone, 11-deoxycortisol,
      corticosterone and aldosterone in the blood plasma of mature female hamadryas
      baboons in different phases of the menstrual cycle. Intact animals demonstrated
      distinct circadian rhythms of corticosteroids reproduced stably in both phases of
      the cycle. Two-week immobilization did not change the general nature of rhythms
      of the content of glucocorticoids but caused a decrease in their mean daily
      concentrations which is significant for 11-deoxycortisol and corticosterone of
      female baboons immobilized in the luteal phase of the cycle. The circadian rhythm
      of aldosterone got smooth, its level in the blood dropped significantly
      disregarding a cycle phase at the moment of immobilization. The revealed changes
      of the circadian rhythms of aldosterone reflect disorders of adrenocortical
      mineralocorticoid function in female baboons under hypokinesia. Causes of changes
      in the hormonal activity of the adrenal cortex under clinicostatic hypokinesia
      are discussed.

PMID- 4039063
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas.

PMID- 4039064
TI  - New plants and plant products as food.

PMID- 4039065
TI  - Role of natriuretic factor in central nervous system (CNS)-induced natriuresis.
AB  - The presence of a natriuretic factor in the plasma of rats in which a 350 mM Na
      (high Na) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was infused into the lateral
      ventricle was tested. Blood was obtained from control rats and rats which
      received an infusion of high Na CSF intraventricular (IVT) for 15 min. The plasma
      was incubated for 30 min at room temperature, acidified, placed in a boiling
      water bath, and then centrifuged. The plasma supernate was assayed for
      natriuretic activity in pentobarbital anesthetized bioassay rats. Sodium
      excretion increased 6.5 +/- 1.1 mueq/kg X min in rats which received an infusion
      of a control saline solution, 13.3 +/- 3.2 mueq/kg X min in rats which received
      infusion of control plasma supernates, and 32.1 +/- 8.3 mueq/kg X min in those
      rats which received plasma supernates from rats infused with high Na CSF IVT.
      Blood pressure was unchanged in all groups. The increment in sodium excretion
      elicited by plasma supernate from the high Na IVT group was significantly greater
      than that elicited by either control saline solution or control plasma extracts.
      Therefore, it is concluded that a heat-stable and nonpressor natriuretic factor
      is present in the plasma of rats infused IVT with high Na CSF.

PMID- 4039066
TI  - Neonatal herpes simplex: a worldwide disease which is potentially preventable and
      treatable.

PMID- 4039067
TI  - Hyperthermia in the rat from handling stress blocked by naltrexone injected into
      the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus.
AB  - Experimental handling and colonic temperature measurement have been shown to
      cause stress and induce a long-lasting rise in colonic temperature in the rat.
      This stress-induced hyperthermia was blocked by microinjection of the narcotic
      antagonist naltrexone into the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (POAH) of the
      brain, but was not significantly affected by similar injections into areas of the
      brain above the POAH. Thus, the stress-induced hyperthermia may be caused by
      activation of the endogenous opioid mechanism in the POAH.

PMID- 4039068
TI  - The incidence of experimental contracture varies with the source of the
      prosthesis.
AB  - Nominally equivalent gel-filled miniprostheses supplied by three different
      manufacturers were placed subcutaneously in rats under identical conditions in a
      double-blind comparison. The incidence of experimental contracture, defined by
      grossly visibly asymmetrical distortion of the implant, was 0, 9, and 91 percent
      for the different manufacturers, consistent with previous observations.
      Differences among the different implants with respect to the density of the
      fibrillar capsule structure, the cellularity, and the amount of extruded gel did
      not correlate with the incidence of contracture. Contracture rate was inversely
      proportional to the relative degree of filling of the prostheses, as reflected in
      deviations from the nominal hemispherical shape, and to the viscosity of the gel
      filling. For implants of the same type, the incidence of contracture was higher
      when the prosthesis was underfilled. Contracted capsules were more fibrous and
      contained more cells with microfilament bundles. It is concluded that the
      physical and geometric properties of silicone implants are critical in the
      expression of contracture and that these properties vary significantly among
      prosthesis manufacturers.

PMID- 4039069
TI  - Differential effect of alcohol on aggressive behavior in dominant and subordinate
      hamsters.

PMID- 4039070
TI  - Effect of heat shock on the intracellular distribution of proteins.
AB  - Exposure of cells to heat induces thermotolerance, a transient resistance to
      subsequent heat challenges. It has been shown that thermotolerance is correlated
      in time with the enhanced synthesis of heat shock proteins. In this study, the
      association of induced heat shock proteins with various cellular fractions was
      investigated and the heat-induced changes in skeletal protein composition in
      thermotolerant and control cells was compared. All three major heat shock
      proteins induced in Chinese hamster fibroblasts after a 46 degrees C, 4-min heat
      treatment (70, 87, and 110 kDa) were purified with the cytoplasmic fraction,
      whereas only the 70-kDa protein was also found in other cell fractions, including
      that containing the cellular skeleton. Immediately after a second heat treatment
      at 45 degrees C for 45 min, the 110-kDa protein from thermotolerant cells also
      purified extensively with the cellular skeletal fraction. In this regard, the 110
      kDa protein behaved similarly to many other cellular proteins, since we observed
      an overall temperature-dependent increase in the total labeled protein content of
      the high-salt-resistant cellular skeletal fraction after heat shock. Pulse-chase
      studies demonstrated that this increased protein content gradually returned to
      normal levels after a 3-hr incubation at 37 degrees C. The alteration or recovery
      kinetics of the total labeled protein content of the cellular skeletal fraction
      after heat shock did not correlate with the dramatic increase in survival
      observed in thermotolerant cells. The relationship between heat shock proteins
      and thermotolerance, therefore, does not correlate directly with changes in the
      heat-induced cellular alterations leading to differences in protein
      fractionation.

PMID- 4039071
TI  - The radiation chemistry of some platinum-containing radiosensitizers and related
      compounds.
AB  - Oxidation and reduction of cis- and trans-dichlorodiammine platinum II (cis- and
      trans-PDD), cis-dichlorobis(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-N3)-p
      latinum II (cis-Flap), and cis-dichlorobis(isopropylamine)-trans
      dihydroxyplatinum IV (Chip) have been studied using pulse radiolysis. Spectra
      corresponding to platinum in various oxidation states have been observed and
      several rate constants have been obtained. Reduction of all the compounds, except
      cis-Flap, produces species of a lower oxidation state of platinum which
      subsequently have both chloride ligands replaced. Ultimately, these products
      disproportionate. In the case of cis-Flap, reduction occurred on the
      nitroimidazole ligand. This was verified by the absence of platinum metal after
      disproportionation. Oxidation of all four compounds consists of production of a
      higher oxidation state of platinum followed by replacement of chloride ligands
      and finally disproportionation of the products. Only cis-Flap and Chip could be
      reduced by oxidized DNA bases. The one-electron reduction potential of cis-Flap
      was found to be -370 +/- 10 mV. trans-Flap had almost the same value. It was not
      possible to measure the potentials of the other compounds since their ligands
      were replaced rapidly but it is estimated that the one-electron reduction
      potentials decrease in the order cis- or trans-Flap greater than Chip greater
      than cis-PDD greater than trans-PDD.

PMID- 4039072
TI  - Susceptibility to audiogenic seizures in rodents following withdrawal of
      anticonvulsant drugs.

PMID- 4039073
TI  - [Transient normalization of the thrombocyte count in chronic idiopathic
      thrombocytopenia during pneumonia].
AB  - A patient is described with severe chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
      The platelet count was constantly below 20 X 10(9) Tc/L. Therapy with steroids,
      immunoglobulin-infusion with and without steroids, vincristine and danazol
      produced no improvement of the thrombocytopenia. During acute pneumonia a
      transient remission of the platelet count was observed. Antibodies against
      thrombocytes and immune complexes were not detected. The level of platelet
      associated IgG was increased before and after infection but was only slightly
      elevated when platelet count was normal. An attempt to imitate the infection by
      vaccinating the patient with pneumovac with a view to later splenectomy did not
      change the platelet count. This observation confirms the hypothesis that
      elevation of platelet count during infection is due to decreased production of
      platelet autoantibody. Even severe forms of ITP are potentially reversible.

PMID- 4039074
TI  - Successful medical treatment of pulmonary petriellidiosis.
AB  - We have reported a case with culture and serologic evidence of pulmonary
      infection with Petriellidium boydii treated with intravenous miconazole,
      resulting in dramatic symptomatic improvement, stabilization of x-ray changes,
      and clearing of Petriellidium on sputum culture. Although no biopsy was done to
      establish absolute diagnosis of invasive disease, and thus the results of this
      case cannot be taken as an absolute criterion for therapy, this may represent the
      first medical cure of pulmonary infection with this agent.

PMID- 4039075
TI  - [Morphological study of mucous membranes in the diagnosis and prognosis of
      inflammatory diseases].

PMID- 4039076
TI  - Moderate prenatal carbon monoxide exposure produces persistent, and apparently
      permanent, memory deficits in rats.
AB  - The effects of moderate (150 +/- 2 ppm) prenatal carbon monoxide (CO) exposure
      (maternal HbCO concentrations of 15.6 +/- 1.1%) on learning and memory were
      assessed in young and aged adult rats using a two-way active avoidance paradigm.
      In experiment 1, the prenatal CO-exposed rats at 120 days of age acquired a
      conditioned avoidance response equally well as control animals in a 100-trial
      session. However, following a 24-hr interval the CO-exposed rats failed to
      demonstrate significant retention of the task as indicated by the absence of
      significant improvement in performance over the indicated by the absence of
      significant improvement in performance over the previous day; control subjects
      did show significant retention. In experiment 2, in which 120-day-old animals
      received 50 training trials per day until a criterion of ten consecutive
      avoidance responses was met, the prenatal CO-exposed subjects again acquired the
      task as well as control animals. When tested for retention 28 days later, a
      significant memory impairment was again observed in terms of trials required to
      reattain the avoidance criterion as well as in total percent avoidance
      responding. In neither experiment did an analysis of initial or average latency
      to escape the footshock stimulus reveal any significant alterations. These latter
      results suggest that the observed performance impairment reflected a memory
      deficit and not a disruption of sensory, motor, or motivational factors. In
      experiment 3, prenatal CO-exposed rats approximately 1 year of age (300-360 days
      of age) showed impairment relative to air-exposed controls in both the original
      learning and retention of the two-way avoidance response. Again, however, there
      was no evidence for alterations in performance factors per se. Collectively these
      data indicate that while young adult rats prenatally exposed to 150 ppm CO
      demonstrate an associative deficit restricted to memory impairment, aged adults
      similarly exposed during the prenatal period display a more pronounced deficit
      similar to that recently reported for animals tested as juveniles. The importance
      of parametric manipulations in uncovering long-term toxicity is also discussed.

PMID- 4039078
TI  - A sensitive and specific assay for plasminogen activators.
AB  - A simple, sensitive and specific assay for plasminogen activators is described.
      The assay utilizes fluorescein-labeled fibrinogen or fibrin at low
      concentrations, and enables simultaneous evaluation of the plasminogen and fibrin
      dependence of the reaction, that is, discrimination of tissue-type and urokinase
      type plasminogen activators, and non-specific proteolysis. Addition of antisera
      verify identification of the activator species. The assay reagent contains
      plasminogen and fluorescein-labeled fibrinogen, to which is added the specimen
      and then then thrombin, either at the initiation or the termination of the
      reaction. Supernatant fluorescence is proportional to plasminogen activator
      concentration. With a four-hour incubation, 1 milliunit (14 pg) of tissue
      (melanoma) plasminogen activator (TPA) or 2 milliunit (36 pg) of urokinase (UK)
      may be detected.

PMID- 4039077
TI  - Studies on the influence of reactants and buffer environment on clot lysis
      induced by human plasminogen activators.
AB  - Clot lysis induced by tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase has been studied
      and the influences of pH, ionic environment and reactant concentrations have been
      determined. Both pH and ionic strength strongly affect the rate of clot lysis and
      distinctly different dependency profiles are obtained for tissue plasminogen
      activator and urokinase. Variations in concentration of plasminogen also
      profoundly affect the rate of clot lysis, maxima being obtained at different
      plasminogen concentrations depending on the concentration of fibrinogen. For
      urokinase, these maxima occurred at about a tenfold higher concentration of
      plasminogen than for the tissue plasminogen activator. The lysis times are
      directly dependent on the concentration of fibrinogen. Variation in thrombin
      concentration did not significantly affect the lysis times. Suitable conditions
      for the assays of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase are suggested.

PMID- 4039079
TI  - [Extrauterine pregnancy in the contralateral tube].

PMID- 4039081
TI  - [Pathophysiology and methods of treatment in renal hypertension in renal artery
      aneurysms].
AB  - Aneurysms of the renal artery occur infrequently and remain mostly asymptomatic.
      A review of the pertinant literature reveals approximately 300 reports.
      Hypertension is the predominant sign and affects two thirds of all patients,
      particularly in aneurysms complicated by stenosis or thromboembolism of renal
      artery, which is caused by the renin-angiotensin-mechanism. A solitary renal
      aneurysm causes no renal hypertension; 66% of all diagnosed renal artery
      aneurysms require no treatment. Resection of the aneurysm and direct suture was
      done in half of all operated patients. Only in 27 cases operative treatment
      consisted of extirpation and patch-plastic (autologic or alloplastic). Two
      additional cases in our own hospital with resection and patch-plastic are
      described. By using those techniques it is possible to normalize renal artery
      blood flow as well as blood pressure. Other well-known surgical procedures are
      nephrectomy, aorto-renalbypass and several others.

PMID- 4039080
TI  - Protective effect of metallothionein inducing metals on lethal toxicity of cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum in mice.
AB  - A protective effect of preadministration of the metals Cu, Bi, Zn, Hg, Cd, Ni or
      Co, against lethal toxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (Cisplatin; CDDP) was
      observed in mice. However, the protective effect seems not always to correlate
      with metallothionein (MT) levels in the liver and kidney of mice treated with one
      of these metals, suggesting possible participation in this protection of
      mechanisms other than MT induction by the preadministered metals.

PMID- 4039082
TI  - [Urinary retention without subvesical obstruction. Differential diagnostic
      considerations].
AB  - Acute urinary retention without subvesical obstruction is associated with
      neurogenic or nonneurogenic disorders of bladder function. Urodynamic
      investigations differentiates sensoric and/or motoric disturbances of the
      micturation. Neurologic and laboratory examinations are necessary to clear the
      etiology. Symptomatic urological treatment and specific etiological therapy
      should be used to manage this entity.

PMID- 4039083
TI  - [Prevention of recurrence in urinary bladder tumors by intravesical instillation
      treatment with adriamycin].
AB  - 109 patients with urinary bladder cancer received post TUR treatment with weekly
      intravesical instillations of Adriamycin for a period of 6 weeks. 32 patients
      received a dosage of 10 mg/50 ml physiological NaCl, 35 patients a dosage of 30
      mg/50 ml physiological NaCl. We determined the oncolytical value and the value of
      prophylactically reduced recurrence through urine cytology and endoscopic
      controls with biopsies. After an observation period of 1 year the result was the
      same in all groups; 13% had a persistent tumour, 71% remained recurrence free. By
      raising the dosage of Adriamycin we achieved a reduction in the persister rate
      from 31% with 10 mg/50 ml NaCl to 6% with 30 mg/50 ml NaCl and to 5% with 50
      mg/50 ml NaCl. There was no significant correlation between dosage and recurrence
      rate. The recurrence rate after a dosage of 10 mg/50 ml was 31%, after 30 mg/50
      ml 73% and after 50 mg/50 ml 33%. The increasing recurrence rate correlates with
      the intensity of local tumour infiltration and with the grading of the primary
      tumours.

PMID- 4039084
TI  - [Aminoglutethimide in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer].
AB  - A total of ten previously castrated men with stage D carcinoma received 1000 mg
      aminoglutethimide and 50 mg/die cortisoneacetate. The patients were evaluated
      using the criteria of the National Prostate Cancer Project. No patients showed
      objective response, three patients had reduction of bone pain and subjective
      improvement. Pretreatment testosterone, prolactine and estradiol levels were
      measured. Three patients had a statistically significant elevation of
      testosterone levels.

PMID- 4039085
TI  - [Colon ureter following bilateral ureteral obstruction caused by aortobifemoral
      bypass operation].
AB  - A case of bilateral ureter obstruction after an aorto-bifemoral bypass operation
      is described. A new way of treatment in order to restore the draining of urine by
      uretero-colo-cystoplasty is shown. Regular and punctual urological control after
      aorto-femoral bypass operation is emphasized.

PMID- 4039086
TI  - [NMR tomography in urology. Principles--technics--risks--areas of use].
AB  - NMR tomography is a new imaging method based on nuclear magnetic resonance. It is
      possible to obtain sectional views of the human body in all three planes without
      ionizing radiation. NMR can differentiate soft tissue better than CT, and large
      blood vessels can be simultaneously evaluated without using contrast medium. The
      pathological process could be imaged exactly in every examination. Due to the
      lack of image clarity caused by breathing movement, NMR is not superior to CT
      when using contrast medium in the epigastrium. Calculation of relaxation times T1
      and 2 shows clear differences between tumor and normal tissue. However, contrary
      to initial expectations. NMR did not permit a type-specific diagnosis to be made.
      Three-dimensional images improve the process of staging tumors, especially in the
      retroperitoneal space and in the pelvis. As with CT, metastatic lymph nodes can
      only be demonstrated when they have reached a size of at least 1 cm. Further
      studies will be necessary to evaluate the validity of this new imaging method.

PMID- 4039087
TI  - "Shaker" calf syndrome: a newly recognized inherited neurodegenerative disorder
      of horned Hereford calves.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of a newly recognized, inherited
      neurodegenerative disorder in horned Hereford calves are described. The disorder
      is expressed in newborns by tremulous shaking of the head, body and tail,
      difficulty in rising, a wobbly spastic gait, and aphonia. Transient improvement
      is followed by deterioration and progressive spastic paraplegia. Generalized
      tremors can be induced easily by a variety of stimuli, and spinal reflexes may be
      exaggerated or depressed. The major pathological finding is an excessive
      accumulation of neurofilaments within neurons of the central, peripheral, and
      autonomic nervous systems. The involvement of multiple systems of neurons and the
      similarity with some forms of human motor neuron disease and spinocerebellar
      degeneration suggest that this unique bovine disease may serve as a suitable
      animal model for these human neurodegenerative disorders.

PMID- 4039088
TI  - The experimental production of mastitis in ewes as a determinant of the virulence
      of ovine ureaplasma strains.
AB  - Seven out of eight ovine ureaplasma strains inoculated into the mammary gland of
      suckling ewes produced a mastitis. The pattern of infection was single phase in 5
      ewes, persisting for 12-41 days, and biphasic in 3 ewes, persisting in 2 of them
      until weaning at 60 days and 3 months post-infection. Sucking lambs did not
      become infected in the eye or nasal areas, and did not transfer infection to the
      control contralateral glands.

PMID- 4039089
TI  - [Clinical effects of high-dose immunoglobulin therapy in adults with idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura].
AB  - 15 patients suffering from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were treated in
      our department with high-dosage immunoglobulins. The daily dosage amounted to
      between 0.13 and 0.4 g/kg body weight, administered for 4 to 15 days
      consecutively. The platelet count in 10 patients increased within the first week
      of treatment, but this increase was maintained for more than 4 weeks in only 3
      patients. The average age of these 10 patients amounted to 41.2 years and was
      significantly lower than that of the remaining 5 patients (66.6 years), who
      failed to respond. Only one of 4 splenectomized patients responded with an
      increase in platelet count. Two different immunoglobulin preparations were used.
      No difference in efficacy was found and both preparations were well tolerated.

PMID- 4039090
TI  - [Plasma exchange therapy in hematology].
AB  - Plasma exchange (PE) is the treatment of choice in emergencies arising in
      patients suffering from the hyperviscosity syndrome, factor VIII antibody
      haemophilia, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia or post-transfusion purpura. Apart
      from these clear indications, the efficacy of PE in other hematological disorders
      such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, immune thrombocytopenia,
      cryoglobulinaemia, rhesus incompatibility, autoimmune cytopenia and AB0
      incompatibility with bone-marrow transplantation is less well defined. In such
      disorders PE can be performed when conventional treatment has failed.

PMID- 4039091
TI  - [Integrative properties of dominant motivation at the stage of afferent
      synthesis].

PMID- 4039092
TI  - [Delayed reaction and delayed alternation in the cat: common factors and
      differences].
AB  - Cats learned a delayed reaction (DR) sooner than a delayed alternation (DA) in
      spite of the maximal drawing together of the testing parameters. Short-term
      memory was suggested to be involved in DR performance whereas DA was based on
      elaboration of a program of stereotype alternation. DA learning was more
      effective in an animal receiving additional information on the absence of food in
      the given food-well after a correct reaction. This fact indicated the use by the
      animal of the short-term memory about the absence of food in the visited food
      well in DA test. The effect was not observed at the final stage of DA learning
      the alternation program having been assimilated. This accounts for strongly
      expressed deficiency of DA learning abilities in "prefrontal" cats.

PMID- 4039093
TI  - [PH3 residues in hazelnuts, soybeans and wheat following phosphine fumigation
      with non-constant concentrations].
AB  - In model tests hazelnuts, soy beans and wheat were fumigated with phosphine (PH3)
      at non constant concentrations. The influence of different concentration
      characteristics on the fumigation and the decomposition of phosphine residues was
      investigated in accordance with the fumigation technique. At the beginning the
      concentration increases, and after attaining the maximum gradually decreases to
      zero. The level of residues during the fumigation as well as the behaviour of
      residues during the storage of the fumigated products was monitored with a gas
      chromatographic method. The residues correlate with the concentration of
      phosphine, they also pass through a peak. The rate of decomposition of residues
      which had been formed in the phase of increasing concentration is greater than
      the rate of residues of equal magnitude which had been formed during the
      decreasing phase. When the concentration is even the maximum residue occurs later
      than the maximum concentration; when there is a steep trend both maximums
      coincide. This behaviour can be explained by the sorption and diffusion of
      phosphine. A comparison is made with the phosphine concentration which occurs
      during fumigation in practice. The parameters which produce a constant
      concentration trend with only one maximum and a non constant trend with an often
      increasing and decreasing concentration are discussed. The different behaviour of
      residues in these cases is described. Conclusions are drawn for the practice of
      fumigation.

PMID- 4039094
TI  - Combined treatment with cisplatin and radiation therapy for mouse Cl 300
      neuroblastoma.
AB  - The efficacy of the combined treatment of cisplatin and radiation therapy for
      mouse C1 300 neuroblastoma was studied. Intraperitoneal cisplatin injections
      and/or radiation were given from 7 to 21 days after inoculation of the tumor
      cells into the thigh region of A/Jax mice. The combination of 15 Gy radiation and
      6 mg/kg cisplatin had an additive effect on both tumour growth delay and survival
      rate, while that of 30 Gy radiation and 6 mg/kg cisplatin had a synergistic
      effect. The efficacy of the combined therapy was dependent on the dose of
      radiation but not on the dose of cisplatin. The normal skin of the mouse was
      damaged in the similar pattern with both treatments. Thus, cisplatin has a potent
      radiosensitising effect in the treatment of mouse neuroblastoma.

PMID- 4039095
TI  - [Initial results with PAC polychemotherapy in the treatment of advanced recurrent
      breast cancers].
AB  - 11 patients with advanced, recurrent mamma cancer were treated by a PAC
      polychemotherapy. The therapy was well tolerated, the incidence of side effects
      was low. All patients responded to therapy (7 NED, 3 CR, 1 PR). 2 patients died,
      one commited suicide, the other died after having developed hepatitis. Of the
      remaining 9 patients 7 survive recurrence free; medium follow up 20 months. These
      data are in accordance with results obtained by Kolaric et al. [2] and Forastiere
      et al. [1] who showed platinum to be effective in the treatment of mamma cancer.

PMID- 4039096
TI  - [Dynamics of the measurement of urethral pressure in the evaluation of the
      urethral stress profile].
AB  - To obtain exact recordings of the urethral stress profile a pressure rise rate
      greater than 150 kPa/s is necessary. In this point of view Micro-transducers are
      advantageous. The different perfusion methods can be improved by the aid of
      pneumatic-hydraulic infusion systems and low-compliance catheters. Membrane
      Catheters are involved with some difficulties.

PMID- 4039097
TI  - [Selective galactophorectomy: technic and indications].
AB  - The authors describe the way of operating the selective galactophorectomy and
      discuss the indications. Each pathological nipple discharge may reveal a
      carcinoma. The clinical characteristics of the discharge, the results of the
      cytology, of the mammography and the galactography help to come to a diagnosis.
      This can only be confirmed after a thorough histological examination of the
      involved duct. Selective galactophorectomy is a simple operation that hardly
      leaves any scars. According to the authors, this method has a real advantage to
      find the diagnosis and to treat pathological nipple discharge.

PMID- 4039098
TI  - Components of the rat conceptus that account for prolactin inhibition.
AB  - The secretions from developed concepti in the rat appear to inhibit both the
      rhythmic nocturnal secretion of prolactin (Prl) during the second half of
      pregnancy and the neurally mediated Prl release in response to suckling
      stimulation. In order to identify the parts of the concepti capable of inhibiting
      Prl secretion, the components of the concepti were systematically removed and
      their effect on plasma Prl levels was examined. In the first experiment, female
      rats which were simultaneously pregnant and lactating were tested for Prl
      secretion in response to suckling stimulation after one of the following
      treatments: 1) removal of the foetuses only, 2) removal of the foetuses and
      trophoblasts, 3) removal of the complete concepti. In the second experiment,
      pregnant rats were tested for the presence of nocturnal Prl surges after either
      removal of the foetuses and trophoblasts or removal of the entire concepti. The
      results indicate that after removal of the foetuses alone, the inhibition of Prl
      secretion remains. Following removal of both the foetus and the trophoblast,
      leaving the decidua in situ with a supplementary progesterone implant, the
      decidua still retain a partial capacity to inhibit Prl secretion in response to
      suckling stimulation, while their inhibitory effect on the nocturnal Prl surges
      was very minute. Degeneration of the decidua occurred following the removal of
      the trophoblast, when no exogenous progesterone was supplied. The deterioration
      of the decidua or total removal of the concepti eliminates the entire inhibition
      of Prl secretion, both on the nocturnal surges as well as in response to suckling
      stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039099
TI  - Sling operation for urinary incontinence.
AB  - 105 women with urinary stress incontinence were treated over an 8-year period.
      The operations carried out were: 44 Zoedler slings using mersilene and 61 slings
      using lyodura. Follow-up lasting from 3 to 11 years showed complete failure in 17
      patients (16%). The plastic slings of the Zoedler type led to an increased risk
      of complications such as retropubic infections, rejection of the mersilene, and
      chronic urinary retention. The lyodura sling was considered good prosthetic
      material. Our experience shows that a sling operation, as a primary method, may
      be selected for patients with stress urinary incontinence and a large degree of
      descent of the anterior vaginal wall and/or uterus.

PMID- 4039100
TI  - Effect of oestrogen and progesterone on the blood flow in the lower urinary tract
      of the rabbit.
AB  - The effects of oestrogen and of oestrogen combined with progesterone were
      examined on the fractional distribution of cardiac output (blood flow) in the
      genitourinary tissues of the female rabbit. Oestradiol treatment significantly
      increased blood perfusion in the uterus, vagina and urethra but caused no change
      in the perfusion of the urinary bladder or the kidneys. The wet weight of the
      uterus and vagina increased significantly and in the urethra there was a tendency
      to weight gain following oestradiol treatment. Progesterone treatment following
      oestrogen appeared to reduce the effect of oestrogen on both perfusion and weight
      gain.

PMID- 4039101
TI  - Plasma branched chain amino acid abnormalities in sake-treated rats.
AB  - Plasma amino acid abnormalities in rats treated with large doses of sake and
      whisky for 3 days were investigated under adequate nutritional conditions. A
      significant decrease in plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels was
      observed in sake- but not whisky-treated rats. However, known factors affecting
      BCAA levels, such as serum insulin and plasma glucagon levels ahd BCAA
      metabolizing enzyme (BCAA transaminase and branched chain alpha-ketoacid
      dehydrogenase) activities in the liver and skeletal muscle, were not
      significantly altered in the sake group. Furthermore, ethanol-metabolizing enzyme
      (alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system)
      activities in the liver were not altered in the sake group. Other mechanisms need
      to be considered for explaining the diminished levels of plasma BCAA in sake
      treated rats.

PMID- 4039102
TI  - Endoscopic evacuation of intracerebral haemorrhage. High-tec-surgical treatment-
      a new approach to the problem?
AB  - A new combination of technologies has been used for the evacuation of
      intracerebral haemorrhages: The aim is 1. minimal trauma to cerebral tissue in
      the surgical approach, 2. atraumatic rather than complete removal of blood clots,
      3. better prevention of rebleeding. Via a 1 cm burrhole, a 6 mm luminal diameter
      endoscope is introduced and connected to a video display. Using a suction
      irrigation system in the endoscope, fluid turbulence and rhythmic pressure
      variation in the haematoma cavity at 10-15 mm Hg allow the evacuation of the
      haematoma under visual control. Bleeding vessels can be coagulated using a 1.5 mm
      luminal diameter Neodym YAG Laser Microtube. If a small craniotomy is performed
      instead of only a burrhole, facilities for intraoperative ultrasonic display of
      the haematoma provide additional control thereby enhancing precision and
      protection of cerebral tissue on approaching the haematoma and during its
      evacuation.

PMID- 4039103
TI  - Partial atrioventricular canal associated with discrete subaortic stenosis.

PMID- 4039105
TI  - N-acetylneuraminic acid concentrations in human milk oligosaccharides and
      glycoproteins during lactation.
AB  - Human milk contains a variety of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA)-containing
      oligosaccharides, but the expected range of intake of sialic acid in this form by
      infants fed human milk is unknown. Two quite different amounts have been
      reported: 120 mg/liter in pooled, mature human milk (1) and 1400 mg/liter in the
      milk of a single woman on the 1st day of lactation (2). The normal range of NANA
      intake in human milk glycoproteins likewise does not appear to have been analyzed
      previously. Data presented here indicate that both human milk oligosaccharide and
      glycoprotein NANA decline exponentially over the first 2 months of lactation,
      decreasing little thereafter. During the first 2 months of lactation, milk from
      women delivering at term cannot be distinguished from that of women delivering
      significantly before term (less than 32 wks gestation) with regard to
      oligosaccharide and glycoprotein NANA. The parallel decrease of sialic acid in
      these fractions suggests a relationship between sialydation of human milk
      oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. Human milk NANA concentrations are discussed
      with regard to reports that exogenous administration of NANA can increase
      cerebral and cerebellar concentrations of NANA in glycoproteins and gangliosides,
      and produce long term changes in behavior in rats.

PMID- 4039104
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using a 0.35-Tesla cryogenic
      system in 14 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) in order to define
      the site and extent of abnormal wall thickness. These studies were compared with
      2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiograms. Gated magnetic resonance imaging studies in
      12 normal volunteers were used for comparison. In normal subjects and in patients
      with HC, the sharp demarcation of the myocardial wall permitted measurement of
      wall thickness. The thickness of the septal and posterolateral walls in normal
      subjects was 10.2 +/- 0.4 mm (+/- standard deviation) and 10.8 +/- 0.5 mm,
      respectively, whereas septal thickness in all but 1 patient with HC was 15.0 mm
      or greater. In patients with HC, septal and posterolateral wall thickness were
      2.2 +/- 0.8 cm and 1.3 +/- 0.17 cm, respectively, by MRI. The 2-D
      echocardiographic measurements for septal and posterolateral walls were 2.4 +/-
      0.6 cm and 1.4 +/- 0.7 cm, respectively. The severity and distribution of
      abnormal wall thickness were comparable on 2-D echo and MRI. Gated MRI is an
      effective and completely noninvasive technique for demonstrating the presence,
      site and extent of abnormal wall thickness in HC. The large field of view,
      ability to image directly in multiple planes, and discrete blood-endocardial
      interfaces are advantages for cardiovascular imaging.

PMID- 4039106
TI  - Fluidity of cadaveric blood after sudden death: Part II. Mechanism of release of
      plasminogen activator from blood vessels.
AB  - Experiments by the vascular perfusion technique in isolated hind leg of the dog
      showed that after addition of various vasoactive drugs to the perfusate,
      fibrinolytic activity (plasminogen activator level) of the effluent was elevated.
      The effects of the drugs were completely inhibited only by the specific blocker
      of their receptor on the vascular wall. High K+ level of the perfusate also
      induced abundant release of plasminogen activator from the vascular wall.

PMID- 4039108
TI  - Wangiella dermatitidis endocarditis in an intravenous drug user.
AB  - Wangiella dermatitidis is an infrequently encountered dematiacious fungus that
      usually causes localized infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. This
      report presents the first well-documented case of natural valve infection caused
      by this organism as it occurred in intravenous drug abuser. His course has been
      complicated by relapsing infection of two aortic prostheses and dissemination to
      the vertebral spine. Treatment with a combination of amphotericin B, rifampin,
      and ketoconazole has arrested the progression of his infection. The microbiologic
      features and existing clinical information regarding this fungus are reviewed and
      in vitro susceptibility data for the present isolate are presented.

PMID- 4039109
TI  - Treatment of placental vasculature with a neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser
      via fetoscopy.
AB  - We tested the feasibility of treating placental vascular anomalies with a
      fetoscopically delivered neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser in pregnant
      ewes. This laser provided sufficient power in an amniotic fluid medium to occlude
      placental vessels as large as 7 mm in diameter within 6 seconds at a power
      density of 2000 W/cm2.

PMID- 4039107
TI  - Minor Xp21 chromosome deletion in a male associated with expression of Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy, chronic granulomatous disease, retinitis pigmentosa, and
      McLeod syndrome.
AB  - We are reporting a male patient who suffered from chronic granulomatous disease
      associated with cytochrome b-245 deficiency and McLeod red cell phenotype,
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and retinitis pigmentosa. On cytogenetic analysis,
      he seemed to have a very subtle interstitial deletion of part of band Xp21. Since
      it was impossible to know whether this material was truly deleted or inserted
      elsewhere in the genome, somatic cell and molecular studies were carried out. In
      somatic cell hybrids, the deleted X chromosome was isolated on a Chinese hamster
      background. Southern blot analysis with 20 single-copy probes, that had been
      mapped to the X short arm, led to the discovery of one (probe 754) that is
      missing from this patient's X chromosome and also from his total DNA. This proves
      that he, indeed, has a deletion rather than a balanced insertion. The results
      provide cytological mapping information for the X-linked phenotypes present in
      this patient. Furthermore, probe 754 recognizes a restriction fragment length
      polymorphism of high frequency that makes it the most powerful probe currently
      available for linkage studies with X-linked muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 4039110
TI  - Use and abuse of ventilation tubes.

PMID- 4039111
TI  - Subarachnoid space: middle ear pathways and recurrent meningitis.
AB  - Congenital bony abnormalities of the inner ear may result in a communication
      between the middle ear and the subarachnoid space. Patients with this anomaly
      often present with recurrent meningitis associated with acute otitis media or
      with middle ear fluid. This article presents three cases of recurrent meningitis
      with open middle ear--subarachnoid space connections. The first two cases involve
      a cerebrospinal fluid leak into the middle ear via the oval window, both patients
      having a Mondini-type of inner ear deformity. The pathway in the third case
      opened into the middle ear along the horizontal portion of the facial nerve.
      Computed tomography (CT) scanning with metrizamide and differential density
      calculations helped to identify the abnormal pathway and to confirm that the leak
      has been closed postoperatively. Use of the CT scanner in these cases can be
      helpful in planning the surgical closure and in postoperative follow-up.

PMID- 4039112
TI  - Presence of Gc (vitamin D-binding protein) and interactions with actin in human
      placental tissue.
AB  - The distribution of Gc protein and actin and their interactions were studied in
      normal full-term human placentae. Both Gc and actin were detected by
      physicochemical analysis of isolated trophoblast membranes. Immunofluorescence of
      native placental sections showed fluorescence for both proteins on smooth muscle
      cells lining the fetal stem vessels, intervillous fibrin, villous fibrinoid,
      trophoblast membrane, and cytoplasm of villous stromal cells. Binding of Gc was
      demonstrated by prior incubation of sections with purified Gc which led to a
      striking increase in intensity of Gc fluorescence, but actin fluorescence was
      unaffected by this procedure and by preincubation with actin. Endogenous Gc and
      actin could also be removed by washing of tissue sections with chaotrope--3 M KCl
      or 3 M NH4SCN, denaturant--6 M urea, or glycine-HCl pH 3.8, as judged by
      fluorescence and SDS-PAGE of the wash supernatant. Phenotypic analysis of Gc
      eluted from trophoblast membranes and of corresponding matched maternal and fetal
      cord sera by isoelectric focusing indicated that trophoblast Gc was of
      predominantly maternal origin. Although the roles of Gc and actin in the placenta
      are unknown, these results indicate that Gc may be another maternal protein for
      which specific binding sites are expressed on the membrane of placental
      trophoblast.

PMID- 4039113
TI  - Oleander tea: herbal draught of death.
AB  - A woman died after drinking herbal tea prepared from oleander (Nerium oleander)
      leaves. This case demonstrates the cross-reactivity between the cardiac
      glycosides in oleander and the digoxin radioimmunoassay. Digoxin-specific Fab
      antibody fragments have not been used in oleander poisoning, but these might
      prove to be lifesaving. Treatment of oleander toxicity is aimed at controlling
      arrhythmias and hyperkalemia; inactivation of the Na-K ATPase pump, however, can
      make treatment difficult.

PMID- 4039114
TI  - High-dose cisplatin therapy for cancer of the ovary: neurotoxicity.

PMID- 4039115
TI  - [Hypertrophic myocardiopathy with isolated obstruction of the right ventricle].
AB  - The authors report one case of biventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a 23
      year old female patient with severe localized obstruction of the right ventricle
      (105 mm Hg gradient, almost complete angiographic disappearance of the middle and
      apical portions of the right ventricle during systole). Echocardiography,
      hemodynamic findings, and angiography demonstrated nonobstructive involvement of
      the left ventricle. Among other family members, only her father was noted to have
      minimal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A favorable response to therapy was obtained
      over 14 months with 320 mg of propranolol given daily (disappearance of
      palpitations and ventricular tachycardia which had previously been noted on a
      continuous 24 hour recording before treatment). Other very rare similar cases in
      the literature are analyzed. It is not possible to distinguish these cases from
      those with predominantly left ventricular involvement by clinical and
      radiological findings alone. However, the ECG can often demonstrate right
      ventricular involvement (right ventricular hypertrophy and/or right bundle branch
      block). Lastly, it appears that biventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathies in
      young patients can initially be localized to only the right ventricle.

PMID- 4039116
TI  - Symptoms related to menstruation in adolescent Swiss girls: a longitudinal study.
AB  - Symptoms related to menstruation are reported in 140 Swiss girls according to
      postmenarcheal and chronological age. Premenstrual abdominal pains were present
      in 9-28% of the girls, depending on postmenarcheal age (i.e. years after
      menarche) (2-30% depending on chronological age). Dysmenorrhoea occurred in 44
      64% of the girls according to postmenarcheal age (51-67% according to
      chronological age). Occasional severe dysmenorrhoea was the type most often
      reported, by 20-35% of the girls. Large intra-individual and inter-individual
      variabilities in the occurrence and severity of dysmenorrhoea were observed. The
      frequency of dysmenorrhoea increased in the first three postmenarcheal years and
      decreased thereafter. The prevalence of premenstrual headache was low, 0-5%. The
      frequency of headache during menstruation was 2-11% according to postmenarcheal
      age (2-19% by chronological age) which was low in comparison with other studies.
      Severe menstrual headache was more often reported than mild headache. Frequency
      of severe headache decreased in higher age groups. Other reported symptoms
      related to menstruation were general discomfort in 1-10% of the girls and
      premenstrual vaginal discharge in 10-22% according to postmenarcheal age (3-17%
      according to chronological age). Severe vaginal discharge was more frequent than
      mild discharge, 8-20% versus 0-3%. The frequency of vaginal discharge increased
      from the first to the fourth year after menarche.

PMID- 4039117
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in patients with gram-negative infections.
AB  - Aztreonam pharmacokinetics were assessed in seven patients treated for urinary (n
      = 6) or lower respiratory (n = 1) tract infections. Each patient was studied
      twice, at the beginning and end of therapy (7 to 10 days). The patients enrolled
      had normal to moderately impaired renal function; a good correlation (r2 = 0.90)
      between serum aztreonam clearance (CL) and creatinine clearance (CLCR) was
      observed (mean CL/CLCR ratio = 1.11). CL ranged from 21.6 to 121 ml/min per 70
      kg, and the half-life ranged from 1.6 to 8.9 h. The mean steady-state volume of
      distribution (0.16 +/- 0.05 [standard deviation] liter/kg) approximated the
      extracellular fluid volume. Protein binding of aztreonam in serum (mean, 30%) was
      lower than that reported in healthy adults. CL increased significantly from the
      first to the last day of the study, probably reflecting increasing renal
      function. After multiple dosing (1 g every 8 h), no significant accumulation of
      aztreonam was observed. Overall, the disposition of aztreonam is comparable in
      infected and noninfected subjects, and dosing adjustments in patients with renal
      impairment should be facilitated by the good correlation between CL and CLCR.

PMID- 4039118
TI  - Efficacy and safety of aztreonam-clindamycin versus tobramycin-clindamycin in the
      treatment of lower respiratory tract infections caused by aerobic gram-negative
      bacilli.
AB  - A total of 80 patients were randomized to receive either aztreonam or tobramycin
      for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections caused by gram-negative
      bacilli; all these patients received clindamycin concomitantly. A total of 53
      patients were randomized to receive aztreonam-clindamycin; of these, 46 were
      clinically evaluable and 39 were bacteriologically evaluable. Of the 46
      clinically evaluable patients, 41 were considered cured, 3 failed to be cured,
      and 2 died during the study period of unrelated causes. Of the 39
      bacteriologically evaluable patients, 36 were considered cured, and 3 failed to
      be cured. There were 26 clinically evaluable patients in the group randomized to
      receive tobramycin-clindamycin. Of them, 22 patients were considered cured, 3
      failed to be cured, and 1 died of unrelated causes during the study period. There
      were 18 bacteriologically evaluable patients in the tobramycin-clindamycin group;
      17 were cured, and 1 failed to be cured. The most common pathogens isolated from
      the patients were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. All of the isolated organisms were susceptible to both tested
      antibiotics, except for a strain of Pseudomonas cepacia resistant to both tested
      antimicrobial agents and a strain of Enterobacter aerogenes and one of P.
      aeruginosa that were resistant to aztreonam. Very few adverse reactions related
      to the antibiotics were seen. These effects, when present, were transient and
      comparable in both studied groups, except for renal-function tests, which were
      altered in 7.7% of the patients randomized to receive tobramycin-clindamycin and
      in none of the patients randomized to receive aztreonam-clindamycin. Aztreonam
      clindamycin is safe and effective for the treatment of lower respiratory tract
      infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacilli when the organisms are
      susceptible.

PMID- 4039119
TI  - Specific inhibition of fungal sterol biosynthesis by SF 86-327, a new allylamine
      antimycotic agent.
AB  - SF 86-327 is a new antimycotic agent of the allylamine type. Its primary action
      appears to be the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis at the point of squalene
      epoxidation, as was previously found with the related compound naftifine.
      Biosynthesis was measured by incorporation of [14C]acetate into sterols in cells
      of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Torulopsis glabrata, and the
      dermatophyte Trichophyton mentagrophytes. There was a positive correlation
      between the SF 86-327 concentrations needed for inhibition of growth and of
      sterol synthesis in these four fungi. The greater antifungal efficacy of SF 86
      327 in comparison with naftifine was also reflected in the relative activities of
      the two compounds as sterol synthesis inhibitors. Inhibition was maximal at
      neutral pH. A similar degree of inhibition was found in cell-free extracts when
      [14C]mevalonate was used as substrate. In all cases, inhibition of sterol
      synthesis was accompanied by a parallel accumulation of labeled squalene. SF 86
      327 and naftifine had no significant effect on initial enzymes of the ergosterol
      pathway, measured by incorporation of [14C]acetyl coenzyme A, or on steps distal
      to squalene epoxidation, measured by conversion of labeled squalene 2,3-epoxide
      or lanosterol. Both allylamines were highly selective for fungal, as opposed to
      mammalian, sterol biosynthesis. SF 86-327 caused slight inhibition of squalene
      epoxidation in a rat liver cell-free system, but at concentrations three to four
      orders of magnitude greater than those required for inhibition of the fungal
      pathway.

PMID- 4039120
TI  - Penetration of aztreonam into human bronchial secretions.
AB  - Nine intubated patients were given a single, 2-g intravenous dose of aztreonam
      over 5 min. Samples of serum and bronchial secretion were obtained 2, 4, and 8 h
      after administration and assayed for aztreonam content. The mean concentrations
      in bronchial secretion ranged from 1.9 to 5.2 micrograms/ml and tended to be
      highest at 4 h. The concentrations in bronchial secretion varied from patient to
      patient, but each patient had one or more bronchial secretion samples that
      contained at least 2.7 micrograms of drug per ml.

PMID- 4039121
TI  - Biliary excretion of platinum in a patient treated with cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum (II).
AB  - Biliary excretion of platinum was measured in a patient receiving an intravenous
      infusion of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II). Over a 3-day period, less than 1%
      of the administered platinum was detected in the bile, and 47% appeared in the
      urine, indicating that biliary excretion is a minor route of elimination.

PMID- 4039122
TI  - Structure-function relationships of retinoids in their effects on retinol-binding
      protein metabolism in cultured H4II EC3 liver cells.
AB  - Studies were conducted to explore the structural features of retinoids that may
      be required to stimulate the secretion or production of retinol-binding protein
      (RBP) by H4II EC3 rat hepatoma cells in culture. Sixteen retinoids, that differed
      from all-trans-retinol in the cyclohexene ring, the polyene side chain, and/or
      the functional end group, were each incubated with H4II EC3 cells, and RBP
      secretion and accumulation were determined by radioimmunoassay. A number of
      retinoids, in addition to retinol, effectively stimulated RBP secretion. The
      results suggest that an intact cyclohexene ring may be necessary for the
      stimulation of RBP secretion. In contrast the system did not exhibit much
      specificity with regard to either the structure of the side chain or the nature
      of the end group. No relationship was found between the ability of a retinoid to
      stimulate RBP secretion and production and its biological activity. The
      biologically active retinoid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, was inactive in the present
      system, whereas the biologically inactive perhydromonoeneretinol was moderately
      effective in stimulating both RBP secretion and accumulation. In contrast, there
      appeared to be some relationship between the ability of different retinoids to
      stimulate RBP secretion and their ability to bind to RBP. In general, retinoids
      that had previously been shown to bind to RBP produced a greater stimulation of
      RBP secretion than those that did not bind to RBP. The secretion of RBP obtained
      with a given retinoid was not well correlated with the net accumulation of RBP.
      For example, retinoyl amide did not stimulate RBP secretion but was moderately
      effective in stimulating RBP accumulation. Thus, the secretion of RBP does not
      appear to be necessary for the stimulation of the net accumulation of RBP.

PMID- 4039123
TI  - [Two-route chemotherapy using a combination of anticancer agents and antidotes].
AB  - We studied the effect of "two-route chemotherapy (TRC)" in which an anticancer
      drug and its antidote are respectively administered locally and systemically.
      This therapy reduced the side effects and consequently enabled an increased dose
      of anticancer agents to be given. The first trial of TRC using a combination of
      nitrogen mustard N-oxide and its antidote cysteine was effective for the
      treatment of metastatic liver tumors in rats. Recently, we obtained a remarkable
      antitumor effect by giving a combination of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)
      (CDDP) and sodium thiosulfate (STS) for peritoneal dissemination, bladder tumors,
      and liver and lung metastasis, in experimental animals, based on the evidence
      that STS inactivates the toxicity of DDP. This TRC using DDP and STS is now under
      clinical trial, and remarkable antitumor effects without nephrotoxicity have been
      observed. We also present evidence that the protective effect of STS against DDP
      toxicity is mainly due to the inactivation of active platinum in the blood stream
      and partly due to the diuretic effect of STS.

PMID- 4039124
TI  - [Systemic chemotherapy with super-high dose cisplatin and sodium thiosulfate
      (STS) rescue in mice].
AB  - We have devised a new systemic chemotherapy using cisplatin (DDP) with sodium
      thiosulfate (STS) rescue; basically, STS was given repeatedly 6 hours after DDP
      administration combined with metoclopramide. The effect of STS-rescue on the
      antitumor activity of DDP was studied using a BALB/c syngeneic fibrosarcoma (KKN
      1). A graded dose of DDP was given i.p. with or without STS-rescue and its
      effects were evaluated according to N. C. I. protocol. A DDP dose-related
      antitumor activity was observed and the minimal effective doses were calculated
      as 8.2 and 9.8 mg/kg for groups treated with DDP alone and with STS-rescue,
      respectively. When STS-rescue was combined, however, super-high doses of DDP (9
      16.5mg/kg) could be administered and this resulted in a 52% increase in
      chemotherapy index.

PMID- 4039125
TI  - [Effects of calcium influx blocker on the cellular transport of Adriamycin].
AB  - Effects of the calcium influx blocker, verapamil, on the cellular transport of
      adriamycin (ADR) were studied using the technique of flow cytometry. A marked
      increase in intracellular ADR accumulation was brought about by verapamil
      treatment. Flow cytometric analysis suggested that this augmentation of cellular
      ADR content was due to the inhibition of active ADR efflux from the cells. This
      inhibitory effect of verapamil was dependent on the concentration of the calcium
      influx blocker in the culture medium.

PMID- 4039126
TI  - Discrete sub-aortic stenosis and ventricular septal defect.
AB  - We present details of 15 children, aged 3 months to 11 years, with discrete sub
      aortic stenosis and ventricular septal defect. We emphasise a high index of
      clinical suspicion and echocardiography as the best means of diagnosing this
      dangerous combination. Physical signs were those of ventricular septal defect in
      all patients, with auscultatory evidence of additional sub-aortic stenosis in
      only one. Five patients had a short early diastolic murmur of mild aortic
      incompetence. The electrocardiograph showed isolated left ventricular hypertrophy
      in eight patients. Cardiac catheterisation and angiography identified the
      ventricular septal defect in all cases but detected the sub-aortic stenosis in
      only eight. Cross sectional echocardiography showed both lesions in all 11
      patients to whom it was available.

PMID- 4039127
TI  - Long-term effects of dinoseb and paraquat, both individually and combined, on
      embryonic development and hatching success of Fasciola hepatica miracidia.

PMID- 4039128
TI  - Ovicidal effects of albendazole in human ascariasis, ancylostomiasis and
      trichuriasis.
AB  - Albendazole, a broad spectrum anthelmintic, was administered as a 400 mg single
      dose to 20 patients harbouring Ascaris (ten cases), hookworms (four cases each of
      Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) and trichuriasis (ten cases).
      Faeces were obtained before treatment and during the following five days.
      Coprocultures were made for 90 days for Ascaris and Trichuris eggs, hookworm eggs
      were cultured by the Harada-Mori technique for at least eight days. Albendazole
      was ovicidal against all four genera of nematodes.

PMID- 4039129
TI  - Single ventricle (single- or double-inlet) complicated by subaortic stenosis:
      surgical options in infancy.
AB  - Intracardiac obstruction to the systemic circulation can develop in patients with
      many forms of congenital heart disease. When transposition of the great arteries
      accompanies tricuspid atresia, narrowing of the ventricular septal defect (VSD)
      leads to subaortic stenosis. In a similar fashion, a restrictive bulboventricular
      foramen compromises systemic arterial outflow in patients who have single left
      ventricle with subaortic outflow chamber. The same effect can be seen in VSD
      closure in mitral atresia with normally related great vessels. Although some
      forms of single ventricle can be treated by ventricular septation, the modified
      Fontan procedure can be more generally applied to this entity. Pulmonary vascular
      resistance must be low, however, which excludes the application of the Fontan
      principle in infants. While pulmonary artery banding may protect the lungs from
      the development of excessive pulmonary vascular resistance, it may also
      accelerate the development of subaortic obstruction. We have successfully applied
      the Norwood operation, as described for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, to
      palliate subaortic stenosis due to restrictive VSD in 3 infants with single
      ventricle or atrioventricular valve atresia. Consideration should be given to a
      primary Norwood procedure in infants with single ventricle in whom subaortic
      stenosis is likely to develop. Patients who do receive pulmonary artery bands
      should be followed closely for the development of subaortic stenosis and should
      undergo an early, physiologically corrective operation if it occurs.

PMID- 4039131
TI  - Acute deafness. A complication of high-dose cisplatin.
AB  - Acute, profound cisplatin-induced deafness has rarely been reported. Ototoxic
      reactions to cisplatin in the past have been subclinical, with most hearing loss
      occurring in the high-frequency range. A patient was treated with ultra-high-dose
      cisplatin who suffered acute profound deafness. Methods are suggested for
      preventing similar complications in other patients given cisplatin in high-dose
      ranges.

PMID- 4039130
TI  - Arterial infusion of dacarbazine and cisplatin for recurrent regionally confined
      melanoma.
AB  - We treated nine patients who had metastatic malignant melanoma confined to one
      extremity (8/9) or the vulva (1/9) with arterial dacarbazine and cisplatin at
      respective doses of 800 and 90 mg/sq m. We percutaneously introduced catheters
      into the extremity or regional artery under fluoroscopy by the Seldinger
      technique, removed them at the end of the infusions, and repositioned them at
      four-week intervals for repeated treatment cycles. One patient achieved a
      complete remission, three patients had partial remissions, and five patients'
      disease was stable. The group median survival will exceed 19 months. Three
      patients with stable disease died 6, 18, and 19 months after treatment
      initiation, respectively. The toxic effects were primarily nausea and vomiting,
      pain in the infused extremity, and local erythema. Arterial dacarbazine and
      cisplatin offer a more effective and less toxic alternative to higher-dose single
      agent arterial cisplatin for locally advanced malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4039132
TI  - Resolving the effects of phenotype and social background on mate selection.

PMID- 4039133
TI  - Increase in aggressiveness of male mice carrying a reciprocal translocation,
      T(10,13), in the heterozygous state.

PMID- 4039134
TI  - Human tissue-type plasminogen activator. Production in continuous serum-free cell
      culture and rapid purification.
AB  - A simplified procedure for the production and purification of human tissue-type
      plasminogen activator (t-PA) is described. Bowes-melanoma cells were maintained
      in continuous serum-free culture. The cell nutrient consisted of Dulbecco's
      modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with insulin (5 mg/litre),
      transferrin (5 mg/litre), progesterone (1 nM), cortisol (10 nM), aprotinin (2 X
      10(4) units/litre) and a mixture of trace elements. t-PA accumulated in the
      culture medium at a rate of 40 units/day per ml and was harvested every third
      day. Cell losses during each harvest, leading to a steady decline of enzyme
      yields, were compensated for by treating the cells with 5% (v/v) fetal-bovine
      serum in DMEM every 6-8 weeks. t-PA was rapidly purified by a combination of
      cation-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The procedure yielded mainly
      single-chain t-PA of a specific activity of 80 000 to 100 000 units/mg.

PMID- 4039135
TI  - Role of antizyme in degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in HTC cells.
AB  - A good correlation was observed between the reciprocal of the half-life of
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the presence of cycloheximide and the
      relative amount of ODC-antizyme complex to total ODC (free ODC plus complexed
      ODC) activity in HTC cells examined at various times after cell dilution or
      change of medium. Pretreatment of cells with putrescine increased the relative
      amount of ODC-antizyme complex and decreased the half-life of ODC decay. These
      results suggested that antizyme plays a key role in ODC degradation.

PMID- 4039136
TI  - Testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin binds to human prostatic cell membranes.
AB  - Specific binding sites for human testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin have
      been found on human prostatic cell membranes. Scatchard analysis reveals both a
      high and a low affinity binding site for [125I]testosterone-estradiol-binding
      globulin. The high affinity site is specific for testosterone-estradiol-binding
      globulin, whereas the low affinity site also binds human corticosteroid-binding
      globulin and human transferrin.

PMID- 4039137
TI  - The interaction of calmodulin with erythrocyte membrane proteins.
AB  - The method of sedimentation equilibrium in an air-driven ultracentrifuge
      (Airfuge) has been employed to investigate the interaction of 125I-calmodulin
      with the cytoskeletal components of the human red cell membrane. The results
      indicate significant calcium-dependent calmodulin binding activity in the low and
      high ionic strength extracts of the human erythrocyte membrane. The interaction
      of 125I-calmodulin with the low ionic strength extract proteins is analysed
      quantitatively. Further purification of the high ionic strength extract
      comprising mainly band 2.1 and band 4.1 results in the elution of calmodulin
      binding activity in a purified fraction of band 4.1.

PMID- 4039138
TI  - The amino acid sequence of equine milk lysozyme.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of equine milk lysozyme has been elucidated. The study
      involves the determination of the sequence of the N-terminal region of the whole
      protein, cyanogen bromide fragments, tryptic and chymotryptic peptides and
      fragments produced by chemical cleavage after tryptophan residues. The protein
      consists of a single chain of 129 amino acid residues and has a Mr of 14647.
      While equine milk lysozyme has the essential features of a c(chick)-type
      lysozyme, there is only 51% sequence homology with human milk lysozyme and 50%
      with domestic hen egg white lysozyme. Some of the implications of the large
      number of differences are discussed.

PMID- 4039139
TI  - Diurnal fluctuation and pharmacological alteration of mouse organ glutathione
      content.
AB  - Mouse liver glutathione content showed a diurnal variation with a maximum GSH + 2
      GSSG content at 6 to 10 a.m. of 62 +/- 8 nmole per mg protein and a minimum of 42
      +/- 7 at 6 p.m. Starvation for more than 24 hr decreased the hepatic glutathione
      content to 22 +/- 3 nmole/mg protein and abolished the diurnal rhythm. Artificial
      reversal of the feeding habit of the animals reversed the diurnal rhythm. Kidney,
      spleen and lung glutathione contents showed no such rhythm. The organ glutathione
      content decreased by 50% or more upon starvation. The increase of the liver
      glutathione content by injection of either free or liposomally entrapped GSH to
      starved animals was not dependent on the time of administration. The
      physiological maximum level could not be exceeded by this treatment. It was not
      possible to influence the glutathione content of kidney, lung or intestine by
      glutathione injections in either form. Intravenous injections of equimolar doses
      of 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, N-2
      mercaptopropionylglycine, D-penicillamine, or cysteamine did not lead to any
      significant change in liver, kidney, spleen or lung glutathione contents 2 hr
      after administration. Intravenously given N-acetylcysteine, methionine, GSH or
      GSSG restored liver glutathione levels of starved animals to the contents
      observed in the fed state. The diurnal hepatic variation of GSH caused by the
      food intake habit of the animals may limit the capacity of the intracellular
      detoxication system.

PMID- 4039140
TI  - Healing of malignant hypertensive arteriopathy in Dahl rats by nifedipine.
AB  - Pathomorphological studies were undertaken to investigate the therapeutic effect
      of the Ca2+-antagonist nifedipine on malignant hypertensive arteriopathy in Dahl
      salt-sensitive rats. The individual course of disease was followed by comparing
      pre-treatment biopsies of the mesenteric arteries with post-treatment findings at
      necropsy. Within seven weeks, continuous therapy with nifedipine resulted in
      healing of early vascular lesions and in partial repair of the more advanced
      ones. Under normalization of blood pressure, vascular fibrinoid exacerbations
      were prevented and existing intramural fibrin insudates were completely or
      partially removed. Lamellar fibroelastosis of the intima occurred as a
      characteristic of repair.

PMID- 4039141
TI  - Tissue distribution of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in rats after multiple
      intraperitoneal administration of various amiodarone dosages.
AB  - Tissue distribution of amiodarone (Cordarone) and desethylamiodarone in the rat
      was studied after repeated intraperitoneal administration of the drug. Tissue and
      serum concentrations of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone were determined by high
      performance liquid chromatography. The levels of amiodarone and
      desethylamiodarone in serum and tissues obtained after repeated intraperitoneal
      application of doses varying from 25 mg to 200 mg/kg show that the accumulation
      of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in the rat is dose-dependent and both drugs
      are preferentially distributed in decreasing order in adipose tissue, lung,
      liver, kidney and thyroid gland. The penetration of the drug and its metabolite
      into brain was poor and with all the applied dosages brain levels were
      considerably lower than the corresponding serum levels. Desethylamiodarone serum
      and tissue concentrations were substantially lower than the corresponding
      amiodarone concentrations and varied from 1 to 48% (mean 15%) depending on the
      dosage used and the kind of tissue. The amiodarone tissue/serum concentration
      ratios were exceptionally high in adipose tissue (1,000-4,000) and moderate to
      high in the other tissues except brain (5-90), and indicate an extensive
      distribution of the drug with fat as a reservoir with a large storage capacity.
      The levels of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone, obtained with 50 mg/kg and 100
      mg/kg dosages, showed in function of time clearly an increase in serum and
      tissues. The observed amiodarone tissue/serum ratios in function of time revealed
      no further significant increase (p less than or equal to 0.05) after 3 injections
      over a 6-day period, indicating the attainment of "steady-state".(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039142
TI  - Kinetic study of deuterium-labelled polyenphosphatidylcholine after oral
      administration to rats.
AB  - Deuterium-labelled di-[( 15,15,16,16-2H4]-linoleoyl) -3-sn-glycero-phosphocholine
      was used as a tracer of the major component of soybean polyene-3-sn
      phosphatidylcholine to study the pharmacokinetics of a natural product after oral
      administration to rats. For this purpose a method was developed to isolate the
      phosphatidylcholine fraction from blood in a highly purified form. Only 200 pg
      deuterium-labelled fatty acid generated from the phosphatidylcholine fraction and
      a ratio of one molecule of deuterium-labelled stearic acid to 500 molecules of
      stearic acid are necessary for a reproducible measurement by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. The highest amount of di-[( 15,15,16,16-2H4]
      linoleoyl) -3-sn-glycerophosphocholine (0.12% dose/ml, i.e. 2.1% of the maximum
      absorbed dose) was detected in blood 6 h after administration. The results are
      comparable with those found after administration of di-[l-14C]-linoleoyl-3-sn
      glycerophosphocholine. Hence it is possible to use deuterium-labelled
      polyenphosphatidylcholine instead of radioactively labelled
      polyenphosphatidylcholine, especially if a harmless tracer is required.

PMID- 4039143
TI  - Effects of exepanol-HCl, metoclopramide and domperidone on the lower esophageal
      sphincter of dogs.
AB  - The actions of rac. 3,5-cis-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methylamino-1-benzoxepine-5-ol
      hydrochloride (prop. INN exepanol-HCl, KC 2450), metoclopramide and domperidone
      on the resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) were studied in
      anesthetized and conscious beagle dogs using pull-through manometrical methods.
      Exepanol-HCl proved to enhance the LES pressure (LESP) significantly both in
      anesthetized and conscious dogs. The action of domperidone which was used as
      reference compound in the anesthetized dog experiments was less pronounced. In
      conscious dogs the actions of exepanol-HCl and metoclopramide were comparable.
      Domperidone was not active in this test.

PMID- 4039144
TI  - Capillary gas chromatographic determination of biperiden in human plasma.
AB  - A method with internal analogue standardization is described for the
      determination of 1-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-1-phenyl-3-piperidinopropan-1
      ol hydrochloride (biperiden hydrochloride, Akineton). The method involves a multi
      step clean-up procedure and subsequent determination by capillary gas
      chromatography using temperature gradient and nitrogen-sensitive detection. There
      is no interference by plasma components and biperiden metabolites in plasma
      extracts. When using a 2-ml sample the lower limit of detection is 0.09 ng/ml,
      the lower limit of determination about 0.25 ng/ml. Interassay variation
      coefficients decrease from approximately 14% at the lowest concentration to about
      7% at 1.2 ng/ml and above.

PMID- 4039145
TI  - Continuous body fluid monitoring for zomepirac by fully automated high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive, specific and rapid determination of 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1,4-dimethyl
      1H-pyrrole-2-acetic acid sodium salt dihydrate (zomepirac sodium, Zomax) in human
      plasma and urine by a continuous body fluid monitoring system based on high
      performance liquid chromatography is described. Samples are directly injected
      into the apparatus which consists of commonly available HPLC-modules. Manual
      sample clean-up procedures as well as the addition of an internal standard are
      not needed. Using 50-microliter aliquots, the detection limit is lower than 0.05
      microgram/ml and the calibration ranges from 0.5 to 100 micrograms/ml are linear
      for both, spiked samples and references. The recovery is 97% for plasma and 95%
      for urine samples at a sampling rate of about 15 samples/h.

PMID- 4039146
TI  - [The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of two carbocysteine preparations after
      single and multiple dosing].
AB  - The relative bioavailabilities and pharmacokinetic profiles of 2 carbocisteine
      preparations (capsules, granulate) were evaluated in a single dose and a steady
      state study. 10 healthy volunteers took in a randomized, 2fold cross over design
      750 mg 3-(carboxymethylthio)alanine (carbocisteine, Transbronchin) (1 portion of
      the granulate or 2 capsules) as a single dose or for 4 days 3 times a day (every
      8 h) 1 portion of the granulate or 2 capsules, respectively. During the
      saturation phase the pre-dose serum levels in the morning were determined and on
      day 5 - after a last dosing the elimination kinetics were evaluated. The same
      time frame of blood withdrawals was used for the evaluation of serum kinetics
      after single dosing. The new developed gaschromatographic method for the rapid,
      sensitive and reliable quantitative determination of carbocisteine in serum saves
      not only a lot of time but also improves the detection limit and selectivity by a
      factor of approx. 10. The studies revealed bioequivalency of the carbocisteine
      granulate and capsule preparations. After multiple dosing, no cumulation of the
      carbocisteine serum levels occurred. A comparison of the AUCo-infinity and AUC
      tau (single/multiple dosing, respectively) showed linear pharmacokinetics without
      enzyme induction or saturation phenomena in man.

PMID- 4039147
TI  - The influence of aluminium hydroxide on the bioavailability of feprazone. Single
      dose study.
AB  - The influence of aluminium hydroxide (given as a suspension, Aludrox) on the oral
      bioavailability of feprazone was tested. The degree and speed of absorption of
      feprazone from capsules (400 mg feprazone as a single dose; 8 volunteers) was
      investigated by determining plasma levels of feprazone and one of its metabolites
      using an HPLC method. No statistically significant change in feprazone kinetics
      caused by the antacid was evident. Cmax (means +/- SEM) decreased from 40.6 +/-
      2.9 to 36.25 +/- 1.4 micrograms/ml; the mean area under the plasma level time
      curve was somewhat higher after additional administration of aluminium hydroxide
      (n. s.).

PMID- 4039148
TI  - Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of non-aromatic analogues of
      ethanolamine as inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
AB  - The phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibition potency of non-aromatic
      ethanolamines is found by regression analysis to be significantly correlated with
      van der Waals volume, Vw. For the proper inhibition of this enzyme the size of a
      substituent on beta-carbon of ethanolamine chain should be comparable to the
      cavity size of enzyme and there should be no other bigger group present on this
      carbon, which can cause a steric crowding, when the molecule approaches the
      reactive site of the enzyme.

PMID- 4039149
TI  - The effect of coenzyme Q10 on the action of phospholipase.
AB  - Using dimyristoyl L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine as a substrate, the effect of
      coenzyme Q10 on phospholipid digestion by phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C
      was investigated. Free myristic acids released by phospholipase A2, and myristic
      acids of dimyristoyl glyceride released by phospholipase C were methylated and
      determined quantitatively by gas-chromatography. Phospholipase A2 or
      phospholipase C released myristic acids dose-dependently from the substrate.
      Coenzyme Q10 prevented dose-dependently the hydrolysis of the substrate caused by
      phospholipase. These results suggest that pharmacological action of coenzyme Q10
      could be attributed to its protection of membrane phospholipids against the
      attack of phospholipases.

PMID- 4039150
TI  - Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on erythrolysis induced by octoxinol or
      hypotonic salines.
AB  - Using dog erythrocytes, the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the resistance of
      the erythrocyte membrane was investigated. Hemolysis was induced either by
      Octoxinol (Triton X-100) a well-known detergent, or by hypotonic salines.
      Although no detectable CoQ10 was observed in erythrocyte without CoQ10 addition,
      the increment in CoQ10 content in erythrocyte was found to be proportional to the
      doses of CoQ10 added to the erythrocyte samples. Administration of CoQ10
      inhibited significantly the hemolysis induced either by octoxinol or hypotonic
      salines by a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that CoQ10 incorporated
      into the erythrocyte increased the resistance of erythrocyte membrane by a direct
      structural effect on the membrane.

PMID- 4039151
TI  - [Synthesis of C14-flupirtine maleate].
AB  - Starting from 14C-p-fluorobenzoic acid the synthesis of 14C-labelled 2-amino-3
      ethoxycarbonylamino-6-(p-fluorobenzylamino)-pyridi ne maleate (flupiritine
      maleate, D 9998) is described.

PMID- 4039152
TI  - [General pharmacologic studies on the analgesic flupirtine].
AB  - In the present study the general pharmacological properties of ethyl-N-[2-amino-6
      (4-fluor-phenylmethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]carbama te (flupirtine, D 9998), a
      structural new analgesic, are described. In several tests with mice flupirtine
      shows a centrally depressant component of action. However, regarding undesirable
      side effects as ataxia, inhibition of motor activity etc. this action is, with
      respect to the analgesic effective doses less pronounced than those of comparable
      analgesics, for instance phenacetin. In relatively low doses flupirtine
      antagonizes tremor induced by oxotremorine in mice. This activity is probably not
      caused by a central anticholinergic action, because other anticholinergic effects
      have not been observed. It should be pointed out that flupirtine antagonizes the
      morphine-induced tail phenomenon in mice in relatively low doses. This action
      obviously differentiates flupirtine from opiates. Up to high doses flupirtine
      does not cause catalepsia in mice, consequently its centrally depressant activity
      does not resemble that of reserpine and also is not comparable with those of
      neuroleptic agents. The corneal and pinnal reflexes are not influenced by
      flupirtine and the righting reflex is slightly delayed in high doses. The
      anticonvulsive activity of flupirtine observed in the pentetrazol shock test
      (mouse) after high doses probably cannot be considered to occur within the
      analgesic dose range. Inhibition of amphetamine toxicity in mice observed in
      doses near the hypnotic doses may be caused by non-specific effects. In vitro
      tests with isolated trachea or ileum of guinea pigs show that flupirtine
      possesses no or very weak antagonism against histamine-induced spasms. In spasms
      caused by barium chloride flupirtine shows a weak musculotropic-spasmolytic
      activity. Investigations on the circulatory system of dogs do not indicate any
      incompatibilities with flupirtine. No evidence of antiarrhythmic activity was
      found in rats. Flupirtine has no local anesthetic activity in mice but some weak
      effects on the cornea of rabbits. Like several other analgesics flupirtine shows
      in rats a reversible antidiuretic action including sodium and chloride retention
      which is of relatively short duration and is not observed in long-term studies in
      rats and dogs. In contrast to many stronger antiinflammatory compounds,
      flupirtine does not possess ulcerogenic activity in rats up to high doses. A
      minimal inhibition of intestinal motility (mouse) is observed only in doses
      higher than the analgesic effective doses.

PMID- 4039153
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the analgesic flupirtine in the rat
      and dog].
AB  - Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of 14C-labelled ethyl-N-[2-amino-6-(4
      fluorophenylmethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]carbama te maleate (flupirtine maleate, D
      9998 maleate) was studied in rats and dogs. The drug was rapidly and completely
      absorbed after peroral administration in both species. The kinetics of the plasma
      levels after intravenous administration show a short distribution phase followed
      by an elimination phase with half-lives between 2 and 3 h. Similar half-lives
      were observed after peroral administration: 2.2. h in the rat and 2.6 h in the
      dog. Renal excretion amounts to 20% (rat) and 36% (dog) after i.v.
      administration, and to 22% (rat) and 35% (dog) after p.o. administration. The
      major part of the dose is excreted via the feces. The drug is reversibly
      distributed to the tissues. Similar concentrations appear in the well perfused
      organs. A brain/plasma concentration ratio of greater than or equal to 1 was
      found and is a favourable prerequisite for a centrally acting analgesic. Insight
      in the biotransformation pathways of 14C-flupirtine maleate was obtained by
      structure determination of urinary metabolites. The urinary radioactivity of the
      rat consisted practically exclusively of p-fluoro-hippuric acid that is generated
      by an oxydative metabolic degradation of flupirtine. Dog urine, too, contains
      this metabolite, however, accompanied by the drug excreted unchanged and by a
      further metabolite structurally still very similar to flupirtine. The latter
      metabolite is formed via acetylation of an in vivo hydrolysis product of
      flupirtine and retains 1/4 of the analgesic potency of flupirtine. Regarding the
      patterns of excretion and of biotransformation the dog represents an intermediate
      between rat and man.

PMID- 4039154
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the analgesic flupirtine in humans].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the analgesic flupirtine (ethyl-N-[2-amino-6-(4
      fluorophenylmethylamino)pyridin-3-yl] carbamate, D 9998) were examined in healthy
      volunteers after a single intravenous, peroral and rectal dose. Plasma-and urine
      concentrations were analysed by a photometric procedure specific for flupirtine
      and its active metabolite D 13223. The bioavailability from the capsule amounted
      to 90%, from the suppository to 72.5%. Plasma half-life was 8.5-10.7 h. No
      significant accumulation of the plasma concentrations after multiple peroral
      administration was observed. After a peroral dose of 14C-flupirtine the
      radioactivity is predominantly excreted via the urine (72%). Two metabolites
      could be isolated from urine and their chemical structure determined. Together
      with the parent drug they explain 54% of the urinary radioactivity. The
      metabolite D 13223 that still has some analgesic activity is found in plasma,
      too. The portion of unchanged flupirtine amounts to 56-83% of the total plasma
      levels.

PMID- 4039155
TI  - [The effect of the analgesic flupirtine on automobile driving].
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on driving
      ability of the new analgesic ethyl-N-(2-amino-6-(4-fluor-phenylmethylamino)
      pyridin-3-yl) carbamate (flupirtine, D 9998) in comparison with pentazocine and
      placebo. Flupirtine was tested in a double blind cross-over experiment in 12
      healthy volunteers using 7 different tests which are known to correspond to the
      most important aspects of driving ability. Subjects were given 3 consecutive
      doses of flupirtine of 100 mg each and tested following the first and third
      administration. The comparison drug pentazocine and placebo were administered in
      the same dosage regimen (a single dose of pentazocine amounting to 50 mg).
      Significant differences between flupirtine and placebo could not be detected.
      Following single dosage of pentazocine subjects more often reported a general
      feeling of discomfort, including nausea, dizziness and motion sickness, than was
      the case after administration of flupirtine. While single administration of
      pentazocine did not produce any significant differences from placebo, multiple
      administration resulted in both objective and subjective fatigue symptoms. It was
      concluded that flupirtine, in contrast to pentazocine, did not produce any
      impairment in driving ability in healthy volunteers.

PMID- 4039156
TI  - Evaluation of epileptic dogs as an animal model of human epilepsy.
AB  - In 126 epileptic dogs with spontaneously recurring generalized tonic-clonic
      (grand mal) seizures, epidemiological aspects and the efficacy of chronic oral
      treatment with common antiepileptic drugs were studied. Furthermore, the
      pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs in dogs was compared with the values
      known for man. As in man, idiopathic epilepsy appeared to be more common than
      symptomatic epilepsy in dogs. There was a preponderance of male vs. female
      animals. When the breeds of the epileptic dogs were compared to the distribution
      of breeds in the hospital population, breed-related differences in the prevalence
      of epilepsy were found. The highest prevalence was seen in Cocker spaniels,
      Miniature schnauzers, Collies and Bassets. The total prevalence of dogs with
      epilepsy was 0.55%. Comparison of pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs showed
      that some drugs were suited for maintenance therapy in dogs (primidone,
      phenobarbital, ethosuximide, trimethadione) whereas others appeared not to be
      ideally suited because of their short half-lives (phenytoin, carbamazepine,
      valproic acid, diazepam, clonazepam, nitrazepam). This was confirmed by the
      evaluation of antiepileptic drug efficacy in epileptic dogs. 46 dogs were treated
      with primidone at daily doses of 14-104 mg/kg for 6-60 months. During medication
      with primidone, effective plasma levels of its metabolite phenobarbital could be
      maintained. Complete control of seizures or a reduction of seizure frequency by
      at least 75% was achieved in 39% of the dogs at phenobarbital concentrations of 5
      49 micrograms/ml. Similar figures were obtained during chronic treatment with
      phenobarbital at daily doses of 2.5-13 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039157
TI  - [The effect on oxidative metabolism in brain, liver and heart muscle homogenates
      of peptide derivatives and calf blood dialysates].
AB  - Three peptide preparations, derived from different proteins, and one protein free
      extract, produced by dialysis of calf blood, were tested. Typical effects of the
      individual preparations on oxidative metabolism could be shown. A comparable high
      stimulation of oxygen consumption of brain homogenates by 117 to 165% was
      measured after application of the peptide derivatives. One of them, the peptide
      enriched derivative, caused a high and not organ specific stimulation, increasing
      the oxygen consumption of brain, liver and heart muscle by 165, 203 and 202%,
      respectively, thus exceeding the effects of the other tested preparations.
      Extracts of calf blood, which showed maximal stimulation in liver homogenate
      (98%), led to rather small effects in brain homogenate (51%) compared with those
      induced by the peptide derivatives.

PMID- 4039158
TI  - [The phagocytosis activity of India ink in the isolated rat liver perfused with
      piracetam].
AB  - The activity of the reticulohistiocytic system of the isolated perfused liver was
      measured under the influence of piracetam (Nootrop). Also the parameters of liver
      function under the influence of piracetam were determined. If the energetical
      properties were not optimal it was shown that the phagocytic activity increased
      under the influence of piracetam. Also the parameters of liver cell function
      increased. Under optimal energetic properties there was no changing of the
      phagocytic activity but the liver cell parameters decreased.

PMID- 4039159
TI  - The respiratory response to stimulation of juxta-pulmonary capillary receptors in
      the non-anesthetized cat.
AB  - To avoid the modifying influence of general anesthesia on vagal control of
      respiration, we investigated the effect of phenyldiguanide (PDG), a drug known to
      stimulate juxta-pulmonary capillary ("J") receptors, in the non-anesthetized,
      unrestrained cat and recorded EEG, eye movements, neck muscle EMG, EKG and
      respiratory movements. The response to bolus injection of PDG into the right
      atrium was qualitatively similar to the one seen in cats under anesthesia,
      consisting of bradycardia and apnea followed by rapid shallow breathing (RSB).
      The injection-response latencies ranged from 1.5 to 3 s, indicating that the
      effect originated on the venous side of the cardiopulmonary region. Vagal block
      with lidocaine, which was applied via external tubings feeding into implanted
      vagal "sleeves", abolished the responses to PDG, demonstrating their dependence
      on vagal mediation. Atropine blocked the bradycardia but did not affect the
      apnea. All doses of PDG which affected respiration uniformly produced initial
      apnea, whose duration, in any given animal and trial session, exhibited a
      consistent dose-response relationship. Slow injections also produced apnea. RSB
      following the apnea was variable in frequency and amplitude of excursions and in
      its overall duration, and failed to reveal a dose-response relationship. Apnea
      lasted significantly longer when injections were made during slow wave sleep or
      REM sleep as compared to injections given during wakefulness or drowsiness.
      Arousal from all states of sleep occurred simultaneously with the onset of apnea
      and bradycardia and was also dependent on the vagi. Spontaneous awakening from
      sleep, by contrast, was always associated with an increase in breathing.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039160
TI  - Cardiac effects of fenoterol hydrobromide on newborn versus adult rats.
AB  - The toxicity of fenoterol hydrobromide, a beta-adrenoceptor stimulant, was
      studied in newborn and adult SD-rats dosed with 0 (control), 2.5, 75 and 600
      mg/kg/day by gavage for 35 days. 600 mg/kg was lethal for both age groups:
      newborn rats died either from gastro-intestinal disorders during the lactation
      period or from underweight and cachexia immediately after weaning. Adult rats
      which died from 600 mg/kg showed extended myocardial scars. No substance-related
      myocardial lesions were observed in newborn rats killed terminally, whereas adult
      rats had a dose-dependent increase in heart weights, at 600 mg/kg also extended
      myocardial scars.

PMID- 4039162
TI  - [Microbiological in-process control in drug manufacture].
AB  - The microbiological quality required of all pharmaceutical preparations
      necessitates raw materials and packing materials in perfect condition, and also
      attention to conditions of hygiene. It is also necessary to be in control of
      sources of contamination such as water, air, rooms, technical equipment and
      personnel. The paper examines the following points; the danger of contamination
      presented by the above sources, which conditions or recommendations exist for
      microbiological quality, and which methods are available for microbiological
      quality control within the framework of the production of drugs.

PMID- 4039161
TI  - The effect of pH on alkaline phosphatase activity in serum of the rat and other
      species.
AB  - Contrary to other species, optimum pH of alkaline phosphatase (alk.P.) activity
      was 9.6 in fed male rats of all age groups studies. In 3- or 6-week-old fasted
      rats, the optimum pH shifted to 9.8-10.0. This shifting of pH did not occur in 11
      week-old rats. Heating to 56 degrees C for 10 min shifted the optimum pH in 3
      week-old rats to 9.0, in 6-week-old rats to 9.0-9.4, but no change occurred in 11
      week-old rats. In other species (mouse, rabbit, and man), the optimum pH was 10.0
      10.2, and was not influenced by fasting or heating.

PMID- 4039163
TI  - [Synthesis of anticholinergically active N-alkylnorscopolamines and their
      quaternary salts with special consideration of the bronchospasmolytic (-)-N
      ethylnorscopolamine methobromide (Ba 253 BR)].
AB  - The synthesis of anticholinergic N-alkylnorscopolamines and their quaternary
      salts, especially the synthesis of (-)-N-ethylnorscopolamin methobromide (Ba 253
      BR), is reported. (-)-N-Ethylnorscopolamine methobromide differs from the
      stereoisomeric (-)-N-ethylscopolammonium bromide not only by its physico
      chemical, but also by its pharmacological properties. (-)-N-Ethylnorscopolamine
      methobromide represents an anticholinergic bronchodilator with long duration of
      action.

PMID- 4039164
TI  - [Diminished increase in body length in rats as an indicator of toxic injuries].
AB  - In four subchronic and three chronic toxicity studies in rats, in which the
      application of pharmacologically active substances led to a reduction in body
      weight development, the lengths of the animals were also measured. It could be
      shown that a lower body weight gain was always accompanied by a reduction in body
      length increase. With increasing doses or higher toxicity the within-group
      variations of individual values were smaller and the correlation between body
      weight and length of the rats was generally greater.

PMID- 4039165
TI  - [Metabolism of beclobrate in rat and man].
AB  - The major pathway of biotransformation of beclobrate [(2-[4-[(4
      chlorophenyl)methyl]phenoxy]-2-methylbutyric acid ethyl ester] is the ester
      cleavage to beclobrinic acid (M1), which is eliminated as glucuronide. Subsequent
      metabolic attack is occurring via oxidation of the methylene bridge to the
      carbinol (M2) as well as to the benzophenone (M3). The p-chloro substituted
      phenyl ring is oxidated via a postulated arene oxide to the 2'- and 3'-phenol
      metabolites (M5 and M6) and to the trans-2',3'-dihydrodiol (M4). Except M4, all
      metabolites are eliminated exclusively as glucuronides.

PMID- 4039166
TI  - [Biochemical studies with oxitropium bromide. 1. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism
      in the rat and dog].
AB  - The bronchospasmolytic drug (8r)-6 beta, 7 beta-epoxy-8-ethyl-3 alpha-[(-)
      tropoyloxy]-1 alpha H, 5 alpha H-tropanium bromide (oxitropium bromide, Ba 253
      BR, Ventilat) was tested pharmacokinetically as a 14C labelled substance in rats
      and dogs. Following oral administration low concentrations of radioactivity
      persisting over several hours were measured in the blood of dogs and rats. The
      active ingredient which can be separated from the metabolites by thin layer
      chromatography and quantified via the radioactivity reaches a maximum in the rat
      plasma after 1 to 2 h; it is then eliminated from the blood with a half-life of
      approx. 4 h. Following intravenous administration the radioactivity measured
      directly (active ingredient + metabolites) is distributed rapidly into the tissue
      of the rat and the dog. The distribution phase is followed by a relatively fast
      elimination phase ending in the terminal elimination phase approx. 1 h after
      administration. Rats and dogs eliminate the radioactivity mainly with the feces
      after oral administration, whereas following intravenous administration the rat
      eliminates about half with the feces and half via the kidneys. Biliary excretion
      of the rat is 12% after oral and 14% after intravenous administration. The rat
      absorbs 14% and the dog 28% of dose. Five metabolites have been demonstrated in
      the urine of the rat and the dog. Metabolism takes place exclusively in the
      tropaic acid part of the molecule and by hydrolysis of the compound.

PMID- 4039167
TI  - [Biochemical studies with oxitropium bromide. 2. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism
      in humans].
AB  - The present paper reports on the human pharmacokinetics of (8r)-6 beta, 7 beta
      epoxy-8-ethyl-3 alpha-/(-)-tropoyloxy/-1 alpha H, 5 alpha H-tropanium bromide
      (oxitropium bromide, Ba 253 BR, Ventilat) after intravenous and oral
      administration as well as following inhalation. The 14C-labelled substance was
      used. The concentrations of radioactivity measured in the plasma after i.v.
      administration show a biphasic course, a rapid alpha phase and a terminal phase
      (t 1/2 = 1.5 h). Once the alpha phase has passed the radioactivity concentrations
      measured after i.v. administration of 1 mg are comparable with those after 20 mg
      administered orally. The concentration course after inhalation corresponds
      essentially to the course after oral administration of lower doses. The
      cumulative renal excretion of the radioactivity is 68-78% for i.v.
      administration, 13% for oral administration, and 10% for inhalation. 7% (i.v.),
      77% (p.o.) and 88% (inhalation) is excreted in the faeces. Oxitropium bromide is
      rapidly hydrolysed after oral administration. As little as 4 h later only 2-3% of
      intact active ingredient is found, whereas there is 85% of the hydrolysed product
      in the urine. A similar distribution pattern is observed in urine samples taken
      later. Some other metabolites are also recorded in minimal quantities. After i.v.
      administration, too, the hydrolysed product is excreted as the main component.

PMID- 4039168
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of the positive inotropic agents pimobendan and sulmazole
      in vivo.
AB  - The effects of the cardiotonics sulmazole (AR-L 115 BS, Vardax) and pimobendan
      (UD-CG 115 BS) on cardiac contractility, heart rate and diastolic blood pressure
      were investigated in vivo in pithed guinea pigs, anaesthesized cats and conscious
      dogs. UD-CG 115 BS proved to be about 5-6 times more active than AR-L 115 BS as a
      positive inotropic agent in pithed guinea pigs and anaesthetized cats. The
      hypotensive effects of AR-L 115 BS and UD-CG 115 BS were comparable in pithed
      guinea pigs whereas UD-CG 115 BS showed stronger hypotensive effects than AR-L
      115 BS in anaesthetized cats. A dose of 5 mg/kg of AR-L 115 BS evoked positive
      inotropic effects during 4-5 h after oral administration to conscious dogs. UD-CG
      115 BS (1 mg/kg p.o.) induced a strong increase in LV-dp/dtmax in conscious dogs.
      These positive inotropic effects lasted for more than 8 h with negligible effects
      on diastolic blood pressure and heart rate.

PMID- 4039169
TI  - Calcium antagonists--terminology, classification and comparison.
AB  - A survey is given of the terminology and classification of calcium antagonistic
      drugs. Calcium entry blockers are defined as drugs of which the major effect is
      the selective blockade of the slow inward current across the membrane, also under
      physiological conditions. Calcium overload blockers are defined as compounds
      which prevent the overloading of the cell with calcium under pathological,
      ischemic conditions. Both types of drugs should be considered as examples of
      different principles, although compounds which possess both properties
      simultaneously are known to exist. Furthermore, a comparison is made between the
      various groups of calcium entry blockers and calcium overload blockers, with
      respect to their chemical, pharmacological and therapeutic properties, including
      their organ specificity.

PMID- 4039170
TI  - Investigations into the bradycardic action of indoramin.
AB  - Indoramin is a selective alpha 1-antagonist which reduces blood pressure without
      reflex tachycardia and can cause a bradycardia. The direct bradycardic effect of
      indoramin was investigated in various isolated cardiac preparations as well as in
      the intact cat. In isolated guinea-pig atria indoramin reduced spontaneous atrial
      rate in concentrations similar to those that reduced maximal driving frequency
      but smaller than those reducing contractility (EC30 = 0.9, 1.3 and 5.2
      micrograms/ml, respectively). In the isolated perfused electrically driven (2.5
      Hz) guinea-pig heart, indoramin 1 microgram/ml mainly increased ST interval with
      no effect on QRS interval, higher concentrations (3 micrograms/ml) also increased
      the QRS interval. In anaesthetized cats indoramin 6 mg/kg i.v. reduced blood
      pressure and heart rate (increased cycle length), increased the ST interval and
      effective refractory period (measured by electrical stimuli from the right
      ventricle) but had little or no effect on the QRS interval and the diastolic
      stimulation threshold. With the 10 mg/kg dose the latter two parameters were
      increased. Analogous experiments with the antiarrhythmic drug mexiletine (class
      I) showed little changes in cycle length, effective refractory period and the ST
      interval, however, there was a marked increase in diastolic threshold. DL
      sotalol, which as well as having a beta-adrenoceptor blocking action, also
      prolongs action potential duration (class III antiarrhythmic activity), had the
      same cardiac profile as indoramin. For both indoramin and sotalol a significant
      positive correlation was shown between increase in cycle length and increase in
      effective refractory period. It is suggested that indoramin exerts class III
      antiarrhythmic activity and that this property is responsible for the bradycardic
      action of the drug which is seen in doses that already markedly reduce blood
      pressure. In higher doses or concentrations indoramin also exerts class I
      antiarrhythmic activity which, however, does not contribute to the bradycardic
      effect.

PMID- 4039171
TI  - Uterine relaxation by clenbuterol and fenoterol in conscious rats.
AB  - The uterine relaxant activity of clenbuterol and fenoterol was compared in
      conscious non-pregnant rats with chronically implanted uterine catheters. 0.001
      0.020 mg/kg clenbuterol i.v. significantly reduced uterine motility, duration of
      action exceeded the observation period of 30 min. After oral administration
      nearly identical doses were needed for comparable effects. Following intravenous
      administration, 0.005 mg/kg fenoterol induced uterine relaxation, but in contrast
      to clenbuterol, duration of action was short. After oral administration
      relatively high doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg were needed for reduction of uterine
      motility. These results may encourage the use of clenbuterol in obstetric
      practice. They enlarge the basis for the evaluation of pharmacological findings
      obtained with fenoterol and clenbuterol.

PMID- 4039172
TI  - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of pyrimidinylureidopenicillins.
AB  - The 6R-[(R)-2-[3-[5-pyrimidinyl]ureido]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamido]
      penicillanic acids (10), prepared by two synthetic routes, exhibit broad
      antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Their
      structure activity relationships are discussed. 6R-[(R)-2-[3-[2-(p
      Aminosulfonyl)anilino-4-hydroxy-5-pyrimidinyl] ureido]-2-(4
      hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-penicillanic acid, sodium salt (VX-VC 43, 10m), the most
      active compound, shows very low MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values
      against clinically important Gram-negative bacteria, primarily Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.

PMID- 4039173
TI  - Inhibition of sympathetic nervous system by mexiletine, an antiarrhythmic agent,
      and its antagonism against ouabain.
AB  - The effects of mexiletine on the sympathetic nervous system and the
      antiarrhythmic action were studied and compared with those of lidocaine. In
      isolated blood vessels, mexiletine inhibited the contractile responses to
      nicotine, tyramine and electrical transmural stimulation, but did not affect the
      contractile responses to exogenous norepinephrine and KCl. Lidocaine also
      inhibited the contractile responses to nicotine and electrical transmural
      stimulation, but such an inhibitory activity was weaker than that of mexiletine.
      Lidocaine did not affect the contraction induced by tyramine and enhanced
      significantly contractile responses to exogenous norepinephrine and KCl.
      Mexiletine and lidocaine inhibited the release of 3H-norepinephrine from the
      isolated rabbit pulmonary artery induced by transmural electrical stimulation.
      Mexiletine increased the dose of ouabain required for the occurrence of
      arrhythmia and cardiac arrest. These effects of mexiletine did not occur after
      reserpine. Though lidocaine increased the dose of ouabain required for cardiac
      arrest, the development of arrhythmia was not prevented. The increase in the dose
      of ouabain required for cardiac arrest induced by lidocaine was not affected by
      reserpine. On the other hand, mexiletine and lidocaine prevented the epinephrine
      induced arrhythmia. These results suggested that the antagonism of mexiletine
      against ouabain may be due not only to the previously reported quinidine-like
      direct action on the myocardium, but also partially to the inhibitory action on
      releasing norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve terminals.

PMID- 4039174
TI  - Disposition of 3H-fenoterol after inhalation in rats.
AB  - The time course of radioactivity in blood was compared following oral
      administration, intratracheal instillation and inhalation, respectively, of 3H
      fenoterol hydrobromide in rats. Also the tissue levels after inhalation were
      measured. A small peak of the blood level appeared within 10 min after inhalation
      followed by a second larger peak. The peak time in the first phase corresponded
      with that after intratracheal instillation, suggesting that this phase should be
      attributed to local absorption in the lung. The second peak corresponded with
      that after oral administration, suggesting that a large proportion of the drug
      taken in by the animal after inhalation was swallowed and absorbed in the
      gastrointestinal tract. A direct measurement of radioactivity in tissue samples
      of the lung, trachea, oesophagus, stomach and small intestine demonstrated
      clearly the above accounts.

PMID- 4039175
TI  - Immunoassay for the quantitation of human leukocyte interferon.
AB  - A sensitive nonradioactive immunoassay based on monoclonal antibodies was
      developed. A number of monoclonal hybridomas secreting antibodies against human
      leukocyte interferon (IFN alpha) were generated using mice immunized with
      purified lymphoblastoid IFN. Although the binding of antibody to IFN alpha was
      used as one criterium of selection, all antibodies found can neutralize its
      antiviral activity. A pair of antibodies binding to different regions of IFN
      alpha was identified. These were incorporated into sensitive sandwich assays of
      IFN alpha. A microtiter plate assay - using horse radish peroxidase as marker
      enzyme - is able to detect IFN alpha at a concentration of 30 IU/ml within 5 h.
      An overnight tube assay can detect approximately 30 pg IFN alpha 2 or 3 IU per ml
      solution. The 5-h ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is well suited for
      the monitoring of the recovery of rIFN alpha from recombinant organism, during
      purification and refinement of the protein to a therapeutic drug.

PMID- 4039176
TI  - Investigation into the inotropic mechanisms of sulmazole.
AB  - A calcium ionophorous action of sulmazole (AR-L 115 BS, Vardax) as a cause of its
      positive inotropic action could be excluded because the drug did not carry
      calcium ions across a lipid barrier. Sulmazole at concentrations of 1-10 mmol/l
      induced contractures in the isolated rat diaphragma as effectively as caffeine.
      Both drugs also gave rise to contracture in the absence of extracellular calcium
      ions indicating the liberation of calcium from intracellular sites. Sulmazole
      precipitated contracture anew in partially relaxed atria of the guinea pig after
      long-standing (1 h) withdrawal of extracellular sodium. This effect of sulmazole
      was concentration-dependent (0.1-1 mmol/l), as was that of caffeine (1-10 mmol/l)
      in this preparation. As the concentration-response curves of the drugs were
      parallel and were shifted by procaine in a parallel manner to the right, this
      action of sulmazole can be described as "caffeine-like". Sulmazole (0.033-1
      mmol/l) displayed its positive inotropic action particularly at the lower rates
      of atrial contraction and inhibited the effect of poststimulatory potentiation.
      In the range of higher concentrations and rates of contraction, increases in
      diastolic tension occurred. In atria with a steady-state contractility being
      almost completely suppressed by nifedipine (3.3 mumol/l), sulmazole (0.33-1
      mmol/l) restored contractile force while caffeine (2-8 mmol/l) did not. These
      results show that the positive inotropic action is neither due to a "caffeine
      like" effect nor related to the slow inward current.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4039177
TI  - The influence of metabolic degradation on the blood pressure lowering effect of
      clonidine in rabbits after different routes of administration.
AB  - In rabbits, clonidine (200 micrograms/kg) exerted no blood pressure lowering
      effect after oral administration contrary to the strong decrease in blood
      pressure after i.v. injection. This surprising effect induced experiments on
      metabolic degradation of clonidine in the rabbit. After oral administration 14C
      clonidine was rapidly almost totally metabolised and only minimal concentrations
      could be detected in the brain. In the urine (24-h collection) no clonidine was
      detected after oral dosing. In contrast, 15 min after i.v. injection 30% of
      radioactivity was unchanged clonidine in the plasma. In the brain 70% of the
      radioactivity during the first 2 h was clonidine. In accord with this, in the
      urine 22% of the dose administered was excreted as clonidine. From these
      experiments it is concluded that predominantly unchanged clonidine penetrates the
      blood-brain barrier. So the lack of effect after oral clonidine depends on the
      too low concentration of clonidine in the brain. To assess the pharmacological
      activity of clonidine metabolites identified in rabbit and other species
      including man, seven different compounds were injected to rabbits either
      systemically (i.v.) or intracisternally (i.c.i). Only p-hydroxy-clonidine
      hydrobromide (St 666) induced weak blood pressure decreases after i.v. and strong
      ones after i.ci. injection, but to a lesser extent than clonidine itself.

PMID- 4039178
TI  - Relaxant effects on tracheal and ileal smooth muscles of the guinea pig.
AB  - The effects of volatile oils of 22 plants from 11 different families and of some
      of their constituents on tracheal and ileal smooth muscles were investigated. The
      results were compared with the relaxant effects of catecholamines and
      phosphodiesterase inhibitors. All of the oils had relaxant effects on the
      tracheal smooth muscle, the most potent were angelica root, clove, elecampane
      root, basil and balm leaves oil. 16 oils inhibited the phasic contractions of the
      ileal myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation, the most potent were
      elecampane root, clove, thyme, balm leaves and angelica root oil. 2 oils (anise
      and fennel) increased the phasic contractions, and 4 oils (bitter orange,
      caraway, mace, pepper) produced a marked increase in resting force (i.e.
      contracture). In regard to the relaxant effects, most of the 16 oils were more
      potent on the ileal than on the tracheal muscle. However, a small group of 4 oils
      (angelica root, clove, basil, black caraway) had a higher relaxant effect on the
      tracheal than on the ileal muscle. This was also found to be the case with
      eugenol, eugenol acetate and cinnamic aldehyde as well as with isoprenaline and
      phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

PMID- 4039179
TI  - Radioimmunological determination of fenoterol. Part I: Theoretical fundamentals.
AB  - A general solution is given for the system of equations describing coupled mass
      equilibria having m antibodies with one binding site, or with several mutually
      independent binding sites of equal intrinsic affinity (immunoglobulin (Ig) G
      antibodies) and n monovalent antigens. Based on this a formula is given with
      which it is possible to calculate the minimum association constant of the
      antibody and the minimum specific radioactivity of the tracer in a
      radioimmunoassay when the detection limit is given and the assay conditions are
      established. The model m = 2 and n = 4 describes the behaviour of a system which
      is based on a mixture of stereoselective antibodies and a racemic tracer. The
      effect of the enantiomer ratio of an optically active ligand on this system is
      demonstrated.

PMID- 4039180
TI  - Inhibition of potassium-induced contracture of the isolated rat aorta by
      amiloride.
AB  - Potassium contractures of helically cut strips of rat aorta were recorded
      isometrically. Contractures induced by KCl 40 mmol/l were decreased dose
      dependently by amiloride (1.7 X 10(-5) to 1.4 X 10(-4) mol/l) added to the bath
      10 min before the depolarization. Ouabain (10(-3) mol/l) antagonized this effect.
      Contractures induced by using, instead of normal Krebs solution, a solution in
      which potassium was replaced by sodium (Krebs potassium) were also decreased dose
      dependently by amiloride, but the slope of the linear log dose-effect curve line
      was steeper. When arteries were incubated in a solution deprived of sodium and
      calcium (isotonicity maintained by choline), the intensity of consecutive
      contractures by Krebs potassium decreased progressively. Incubation in a normal
      Krebs solution restored the normal contractures; amiloride added at the same time
      prevented this restoration. These findings are in agreement with the assumption
      that sodium-calcium exchange plays an important part in the contracture of
      vascular smooth muscles.

PMID- 4039181
TI  - Structure-activity relationship in clonidine-like 2,3-disubstituted 2-aryl-imino
      imidazolidines.
AB  - In anaesthetized rabbits the hypotensive activity of a group of 2,3-disubstituted
      2-aryl-imino-imidazolidines was estimated. Compounds with 3-bromo substituents at
      the phenyl moiety of the molecule are more than or as active as clonidine.
      Correlations between blood pressure lowering effect and lipophilicity, maximum
      alpha-adrenergic effects (alpha E') and -log ED50 (pD2') of blood pressure
      increase in spinalized rats and pKA were calculated. The results show a positive
      linear correlation between as well partition coefficient as alpha E' and
      hypotension. The relationship between pD2' and hypotensive. effect is less
      prominent. pKA seems to have no influence on the blood pressure effects of these
      compounds.

PMID- 4039182
TI  - Effects of drugs on schedule-controlled running of mice in a circular runway.
AB  - Partially food deprived mice ran in a 1-m circular runway. Every 30 circuits,
      diluted evaporated milk was delivered. Under control conditions mice averaged
      0.18 circuits/s for 1 h. The rate was reduced to 0.11 circuits/s 1 h after gavage
      of Tylose (cellulose derivative) vehicle. Amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide and
      pentobarbital increased the rate of responding over some dose range, but
      chlorpromazine, clozapine, imipramine and morphine caused only decreases in
      responding at effective dose levels. The results are generally similar to reports
      of effects of the drugs on responses of much briefer duration occurring at
      similar rates.

PMID- 4039183
TI  - [Pharmacology of the bronchospasmolytic oxitropium bromide].
AB  - The anticholinergic substance (8r)-6 beta, 7 beta-epoxy-8-ethyl-3 alpha-[(-)
      tropoyloxyl]-1 alpha H, 5 alpha H-tropanium bromide (oxitropium bromide, Ba 253
      BR, Ventilat) is a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine. In vitro, it is many
      times as effective as atropine. In vivo, oxitropium bromide, following i.v.
      administration, is also more effective than atropine. Due to its quaternary
      structure, a central anticholinergic effect cannot be demonstrated. Furthermore,
      poor enteral resorption is to be expected. Locally administered, as an aqueous
      aerosol, the effect of the substance is distinctly greater than that of atropine,
      both in potency and duration of action. This is also true when administered by
      metered-dose inhaler compared with ipratropium bromide. As, following aerosol
      administration, the margin between major effect and the most sensitive side
      effect is in the ratio 1 : 100, side-effects are unlikely even with marked
      inhalational overdosage. Oxitropium bromide can be described, therefore, as a
      preparation free of side-effects which represents in prophylactic use in many
      cases of obstructive airway disease, an alternative to beta-mimetics and xanthine
      derivatives.

PMID- 4039184
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of oral sustained release clonidine in humans.
AB  - Tablet cores of clonidine (Catapres) showing varying rates of in vitro
      dissolution were administered in a crossover study with intravenous clonidine to
      determine the rate of absorption into the systemic circulation in humans.
      Excellent bioavailability (0.87-0.96) was obtained in all 12 subjects for each of
      the formulations. When peak concentration and time to peak are compared for the
      standard immediate release cores and the cores designed to be slowly dissolving
      there was a significant difference (p less than 0.05). Absorption rate plots for
      each formulation in each subject were obtained using the Loo-Riegelman procedure
      of comparing the oral pharmacokinetic profile with the intravenous profile. As
      the release from the cores were formulated to be slower, the in vivo absorption
      rate of clonidine approached zero order input. Incorporating combinations of
      sustained release and immediate release cores into a capsule (Perlonget) gave
      predictable absorption rates, permitting the formulation scientist to control the
      plasma levels obtained from oral dosing of clonidine. The intravenous
      pharmacokinetics of clonidine after a 0.2 mg infusion followed a tri-exponential
      decline with a final phase half-life of 13.6 h (harmonic mean). Following the
      intravenous infusion 42.3% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine with a
      renal clearance of 10.05 +/- 0.65 1/h (167 ml/min).

PMID- 4039185
TI  - [Convulsive crises in the newborn infant. Study of 100 patients in an emergency
      service].

PMID- 4039186
TI  - Neonatal pulmonary haemorrhage, birthweight, gestational age and intrauterine
      growth.
AB  - The relation between neonatal pulmonary haemorrhage and its underlying cause was
      studied by reviewing the clinical data and necropsy records of 315 newborn babies
      who had died between day 0 and 31 of life. Necropsy revealed massive and focal
      pulmonary haemorrhage in 6.9% and 19.3% of the infants, respectively. It has been
      concluded that pulmonary haemorrhage is a complication of various neonatal
      diseases related to hypoxia and/or infection, which occur in preterm infants with
      a much higher frequency than in term babies. Among patients with pulmonary
      haemorrhage, males and low birthweight babies predominated.

PMID- 4039187
TI  - Progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A cross sectional echocardiographic
      study.
AB  - The progression of hypertrophy was studied in 39 patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy by echocardiography at follow up from January 1979 to September
      1983 (mean follow up 42 months). Thirty two patients were treated medically and
      11 had had a septal myotomy-myectomy. Progression of the hypertrophy was noted in
      four patients treated with propranolol. An additional region in the left
      ventricular long axis plane was affected in two, extending to the apical region
      in one and to the basal region in the other, and an additional segment in the
      left ventricular short axis plane in two extending from the septum into the free
      wall. The electrocardiograms of these four patients showed a significant increase
      in QRS voltages (Sokolow-Lyon index increase greater than 10 mm) and of the
      Romhilt-Estes score (increase greater than or equal to 3 points) in two,
      development of a left bundle branch block in one, and no change in one.
      Progression of hypertrophy was seen in none of the 11 patients treated with
      myotomy-myectomy. Thus echocardiography accurately detects the progression of
      hypertrophy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which may be prevented
      by septal myotomy-myectomy.

PMID- 4039188
TI  - Improved survival with amiodarone in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      and ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - The effect of amiodarone on survival was assessed in patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia in a drug trial with historical
      controls. During 1976 and 1977, 24 hour (seven) or 48 hour (79)
      electrocardiographic monitoring was performed in 86 consecutive patients; 24 had
      ventricular tachycardia and received conventional antiarrhythmic agents. Nineteen
      clinical, echocardiographic, and haemodynamic features were assessed. Seven
      patients died suddenly during follow up of three years; of these, five had
      continued to have ventricular tachycardia and two had no documented ventricular
      tachycardia. During 1978 and 1979, ventricular tachycardia was detected during 48
      hour electrocardiographic monitoring in 21 of the next 82 consecutive patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. They received amiodarone (150-400 mg/day,
      median 300); ventricular tachycardia was suppressed in all during repeat 48 hour
      electrocardiographic examination. Two patients died suddenly during a three year
      follow up, but neither belonged to the amiodarone treated group with ventricular
      tachycardia. The clinical and haemodynamic variables were similar in patients
      taking amiodarone and conventional agents. The fact that control of ventricular
      arrhythmia with amiodarone is significantly associated with improved survival
      suggests that amiodarone may prevent sudden death in patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 4039189
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in elderly male volunteers.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of aztreonam were studied in 12 healthy male volunteers aged
      65 to 75 years who received 1 g of the antibiotic intravenously. Data were fitted
      to a two-compartment open model to yield the following parameters: t 1/2, lambda
      1, 0.15 h; t 1/2,z, 2.06 h; area under the 24-h serum concentration-time curve,
      231.8 micrograms ml-1 h; Cmax, 120.1 micrograms/ml; V1 area, 0.16 l/kg; and serum
      clearance, 0.94 ml min-1 kg. Twenty-four hour urinary elimination reached 63.1%
      of dose as aztreonam and 3.1% as the open ring metabolite SQ 26,992. These data
      were similar to those obtained for healthy males aged 18 to 35 years. Thus, age
      per se is not a major therapeutic consideration in treating elderly patients, and
      other factors, primarily the parameters of renal function, should serve as the
      basis for any dose reduction.

PMID- 4039191
TI  - Asymmetric transport of a fluorescent glucose analogue by human erythrocytes.
AB  - A fluorescent glucose analogue, 6-deoxy-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)
      aminoglucose (NBDG), was synthesized and its interactions with the hexose
      transport system of the human red blood cell were investigated. NBDG entry is
      inhibited by increasing concentrations of D-glucose (Ki = 2 mM). However, NBDG
      exit is unaffected by D-glucose in red blood cells. Cytochalasin B was found to
      inhibit both NBDG entry and exit. NBDG accumulates in the red blood cell above
      the theoretical equilibrium concentration. Accumulation of NBDG is temperature
      sensitive and is due to the binding of NBDG to some intracellular substance. The
      binding of NBDG to purified hemoglobin suggests that accumulation of NBDG by
      erythrocytes is due to the intracellular binding of NBDG to hemoglobin. NBDG does
      not accumulate in pink erythrocyte ghosts, while its rate of uptake is still
      inhibited by D-glucose and cytochalasin B. Although there was no apparent D
      glucose inhibition of NBDG exit by intact red blood cells, D-glucose was able to
      inhibit NBDG exit by pink erythrocyte ghosts. The differing properties of NBDG
      influx and efflux support the interpretation that the hexose transport system of
      the human red blood cell appears asymmetric although it may be intrinsically
      symmetric.

PMID- 4039190
TI  - Prolonged protective effects following propranolol withdrawal against
      isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in normotensive and hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - Young adult, male and female, normotensive Sprague-Dawley (S-D) and spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR) were injected with propranolol three times daily for 3
      weeks. None of the animals manifested signs of withdrawal when the injections
      were terminated. Seven days later, the animals were challenged with a dose of
      isoproterenol which would produce massive myocardial infarction and 50-60%
      mortality in non-treated animals. The propranolol pretreatment caused marked
      tranquilizing and blood pressure lowering effects in SHR exclusively. Despite the
      7-day propranolol withdrawal period, very few animals died and myocardial damage
      was minimal. However, blood pressure levels dropped to shock-like levels, blood
      CPK and LDH levels showed dynamic increases, there was marked
      hypertriglyceridaemia, and plasma corticosterone rose to supranormal levels.
      Microscopically, the hearts of the propranolol pretreated animals showed little
      evidence of necrosis but the SHR hearts manifested large atrial and ventricular
      thrombi. It is suggested that in the rat, propranolol treatment causes positive
      myocardial protective effects mediated through hormonal and metabolic changes and
      propranolol withdrawal does not lead to hypersensitivity to catecholamines. In
      fact, the beta-blocking effects of propranolol remain effective for some time
      after withdrawal.

PMID- 4039192
TI  - Interaction of platelet factor 4 with human platelets.
AB  - Human washed resting platelets bound 125I-labeled platelet factor 4 in a reaction
      which was saturable and approached equilibrium within 15-30 min. Scatchard plot
      analysis of the binding isotherms suggested a single class of specific binding
      sites. Excess of unlabeled protein and low- and high-affinity heparin competed
      for platelet factor 4 binding sites on the platelet surface and caused a partial
      displacement of this molecule. Anti-platelet factor 4 Fab fragments caused
      inhibition of binding of 125I-platelet factor 4 to platelets. Most of the labeled
      platelet factor 4 which was bound to intact platelets was recovered in the Triton
      X-100-insoluble cytoskeletal fraction prepared from the same platelets after
      their stimulation by thrombin. The association with the cytoskeleton was
      inhibited by anti-platelet factor 4 Fab fragments and by low-affinity heparin.
      Anti-platelet factor 4 125I-labeled Fab fragments bound to resting platelets, and
      this binding was greatly increased following platelet stimulation with thrombin.
      This suggested that endogenously secreted platelet factor 4 also binds to the
      platelet surface. No significant binding to platelets of 125I-labeled beta
      thromboglobulin and 125I-labeled anti-beta-thromboglobulin Fab fragments was
      observed. Fab fragments of monospecific anti-human platelet factor 4 antibody
      raised in rabbits inhibited platelet aggregation and secretion induced by low
      concentrations of thrombin. Fab fragments of anti-beta-thromboglobulin antibody
      had no inhibitory effect. We suggest that the binding of alpha-granule-derived
      platelet factor 4 to the specific sites on the surface of platelets may modulate
      platelet aggregation and secretion induced by low levels of platelet agonists.

PMID- 4039194
TI  - Effect of nutrition on tissue carnitine concentrations in infants of different
      gestational ages.
AB  - To investigate the effect of nutrition on tissue carnitine concentrations in
      infants of different gestational ages, specimens of muscle, heart, liver and
      kidney obtained at autopsy from 62 infants were analyzed for total acid-soluble
      carnitine content. Immature infants had smaller carnitine tissue reserves than
      term infants. Parenterally alimented premature infants (greater than 10 days old)
      had lower carnitine levels in heart, liver and kidney than those dying within 24
      h after birth. Infants who received oral or intravenous carnitine had larger
      carnitine tissue reserves than those who did not. These data suggest that both
      gestational age and exogenous carnitine supply affect tissue carnitine reserves.

PMID- 4039193
TI  - [The state of brain mitochondrial membranes in stress and its correction with
      drugs].
AB  - It is evident that the reconstruction of mitochondrial membranes is the
      foundation of bioenergetic damage of the brain. It leads to their structure
      damage and consequently to the functional damage. The correction of this state is
      possible with the help of nicotine acid derivatives.

PMID- 4039195
TI  - Changes in serum concentration and ovarian content of 5 alpha-androstane-3
      alpha,17 beta-diol in the female rat approaching first ovulation.
AB  - Concentrations of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) in serum
      were estimated in rats bled once during a 10-day period preceding first
      ovulation; ovarian contents of 3 alpha-diol were estimated over the same period.
      Serum values of 3 alpha-diol, measured at 1100 h, showed a significant decrease
      towards first ovulation; there was good correlation (r = 0.78; n = 10) between
      mean serum and ovarian concentrations. In 33-day-old rats no significant
      difference was found in serum concentrations measured at either 1100 or at 1500
      h. However at first proestrus, significantly elevated serum and ovarian
      concentrations of 3 alpha-diol were found between 1400 and 2100 h as compared to
      those at 1100 h. A similar pattern was seen on the afternoon of second proestrus.
      On the days following first ovulation, serum and ovarian concentrations of 3
      alpha-diol were comparable to those during the days preceding this ovulation. The
      prepubertal decrease in 3 alpha-diol production is discussed in relation to
      concomitant changes in secretion of estradiol and luteinizing hormone. It is
      concluded that, in view of the preovulatory resynthesis of considerable amounts
      of 3 alpha-diol, it is inappropriate to view loss of biosynthetic capacity for 3
      alpha-diol as a key event in the onset of puberty.

PMID- 4039196
TI  - [Changes in the level of eosinophils, corticosterone and catecholamine metabolism
      in the dynamics of emotional-painful stress].
AB  - A correlation has been established between changes in blood eosinophil content,
      corticosterone level and catecholamine metabolism during emotional painful
      stress. The authors assume that the differences in the functions of the
      adrenergic and pituitary-adrenal systems permit an objective determination of the
      parameters of stress formation in extremal exposures.

PMID- 4039197
TI  - [Changes in the energy resources of rat gastric mucosa exposed to dopamine
      agonists and antagonists in conditions of experimental stress].
AB  - Changes in adenyl nucleotide and glycogen content in rat gastric tissue under the
      action of stressogenic factor and injection of the dopamine blocker
      metoclopramide and the dopamine precursor L-DOPA were investigated with the use
      of the "social stress" method devised by the authors. It was established that
      stress induced gastric mucosal lesions and reduced the content of adenyl
      nucleotides and glycogen in the gastric tissue. Preliminary injection of L-DOPA
      potentiated the effect of stress while metoclopramide inhibited it. The data show
      a role of energy balance disturbances in the gastric tissue in the pathogenesis
      of an acute ulcer. In the authors' opinion, the disturbances seen during
      immobilization psychogenic stress were caused by undue stimulation of central
      dopamine receptors.

PMID- 4039198
TI  - [Catecholamine content of the rat brain at different stages of experimental
      alcoholism].
AB  - Changes in the noradrenaline (NA) content in the hypothalamus, dopamine (DA) and
      homovanillic acid (HVA) in the striatum were determined in rats after chronic
      alcohol administration. A single injection of alcohol (2.5 g/kg i.p.) provoked a
      30% decrease in NA only in rats predisposed to ethanol intake. Voluntary intake
      of 15% ethanol for 10 days made the NA content return to normal, the 4-month use
      of ethanol did not change whereas the 8-month use reduced the NA content by 17%,
      DA by 31% and raised the content of HVA by 25%. Twenty-four hours after alcohol
      abstinence the HVA content dropped by 13%. It is concluded that the noradrenergic
      system is involved in the formation and development of alcohol motivation and
      that the dopaminergic system participates in the development of the physical
      dependence and abstinence.

PMID- 4039199
TI  - [Pharmacoethological analysis of the action of beta-carbolines].
AB  - The ethological spectrum of four beta-carbolines was studied for intraspecific
      aggression, sociability integration and individual behavior. It was established
      that beta-carboline-3-carboxyethyl ether given at subconvulsant doses increases
      aggression, lowers sociability as a diazepam antagonist. Diazepam reduces
      aggression and increases sociability. It is suggested that benzodiazepine
      receptors are involved in the integration of interspecific sociability and
      aggressive behavior of the "attack" type. Aggression of the defence type has no
      inhibitory beta-carboline control (1-methyl-6-methoxy-dihydro-beta-carboline).
      The differences in the ethological spectra of beta-carbolines have been
      demonstrated.

PMID- 4039200
TI  - [Suppression of the formation of cells secreting antibodies and antigen-dependent
      nonspecific immunoglobulins in mice receiving isologous antierythrocyte
      immunoglobulins].
AB  - Mice injected with syngeneic cellulose-conjugated immunoglobulins (Ig) containing
      antibodies to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) develop a specific non-responsiveness
      to SRBC. Such animals demonstrate a sharp decrease not only in the formation of
      anti-SRBC antibody producers but also of the cells secreting antigen-dependent
      nonspecific Ig. The inhibition of both these processes is antigen-specific. It is
      suggested that inhibition of the cells forming antigen-dependent nonspecific Ig
      is due to suppression of either hypothetic inductors or precursors of these cells
      expressing an idiotype spectrum similar to that of anti-SRBC antibody producers.

PMID- 4039201
TI  - [Changes in the opioid peptide content of the adrenals of rats during
      immobilization stress].
AB  - Radioimmunoassay was used to study variation in the content of opioid peptides
      (leu- and met-enkephalins) in rat adrenal glands at different stages of
      immobilization stress. The data obtained were correlated to the content of
      catecholamines (CA). It was discovered that during stress, the content of
      peptides noticeably increased, being independent of the main pool of CA in
      adrenal tissue.

PMID- 4039202
TI  - [Enhanced resistance of the myocardium to stress injury and excess calcium in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats].
AB  - Extensibility, contractile function and resistance to excess calcium of the right
      atrium myocardium were studied in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto and August rats and
      in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). It was shown that long-term stress
      results in a decrease in the measured parameters in normotensive animals. SHR do
      not show any stress-induced disturbances. It was discovered that in intact SHR
      rats, the myocardium has a greater resistance to excess calcium, indirect
      evidence for higher efficiency of the Ca-pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in
      cardiomyocytes of SHR animals, which is apparently a constituent part of the
      mechanism of such animals' heart increased resistance to stress-induced damage.

PMID- 4039204
TI  - [Prevention of the depression of normal killer activity in stress via adaptation
      to the periodic action of hypoxia].
AB  - It has been demonstrated that progressive adaptation of BALB/c mice for 28 days
      to periodic action of pressure chamber hypoxia prevents the stress-induced
      depression of normal killer activity. Moreover, preadaptation to hypoxia reverses
      the stress-provoked inhibition of DNA synthesis in the thymic and spleen cells.

PMID- 4039203
TI  - [Acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in the nervous system of
      rabbits predisposed to cardiovascular disorders under emotional stress].
AB  - A study was made of the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), cholinacetyl
      transferase (CAT), butyril cholinesterase (BCE) and water-soluble proteins in the
      structures of the CNS and in the autonomous ganglia in rabbits predisposed to
      cardiovascular disorders under emotional stress. It was established that unlike
      resistant animals, in those predisposed to cardiovascular disorders, the CAT
      content in the periphornical area of the hypothalamus did not differ from the
      control, the content of water-soluble proteins in the CNS structures and the
      ganglia remained unchanged either as compared with the control. The authors
      assume that the data obtained confirm a previously advanced concept of the
      involvement of the cholinergic system of the periphornical area of the
      hypothalamus in the maintenance of the stability of cardiovascular functions by
      regulation of the water-salt metabolism.

PMID- 4039205
TI  - [Changes in the immunity indices of intact and partially hepatectomized mice
      undergoing the transplantation of splenic cells from hypokinetic donors].
AB  - Male (CBA X C57B1/6)F1 mice subjected to a 17-hour movement restrain showed a
      decrease in splenic and thymic weights and in the number of immunocompetent cells
      in the blood. Suspension of splenocytes from hypokinetic mice was transplanted to
      intact and to partly hepatectomized syngeneic animals. One day after
      transplantation there was a reduction in the weight of the spleen and thymus in
      intact but not in partly hepatectomized recipients. Seven days after
      transplantation the number of E-RFC and EAC-RFC dropped in both intact and
      hepatectomized mice.

PMID- 4039206
TI  - [Inoperable lung epidermoid cancer non metastasizing. A phase II trial using
      radiotherapy and combined chemotherapy].
AB  - Thirty three evaluable patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of
      the lung were entered in a Phase II study combining chemotherapy (Vindesine 1.5
      mg/m2 dl; CCNU 50 mg/m2 d2, 25 mg/m2 d3; Cis-Platinum 100 mg/m2 d3;
      Cyclophosphamide 200 mg/m2 d3, 4, 5) (VCPC) and radical radiotherapy to the
      primary tumor, mediastinum and supraclavicular nodes. Responders to chemotherapy
      resumed four additional cycles following radiation therapy. Fourteen patients
      (42%) presented an objective response to the first two cycles of VCPC. On final
      evaluation, 18 patients (54.5%) obtained a complete remission and 6 patients
      (18%) a partial remission. Median survival of all patients was 15.9 months and
      toxicity was acceptable. We conclude that our results justify a phase III study
      comparing combined treatment versus radiotherapy alone.

PMID- 4039208
TI  - Ejaculation and sexual function after endoscopic bladder neck incision.
AB  - Endoscopic incision of the bladder neck, performed to relieve outflow
      obstruction, was evaluated as regards effects on ejaculation and orgasm in 61 men
      (mean age 48 years) by analyses of seminal fluid and a questionnaire. Relief of
      obstruction was confirmed by post-operative normalisation of urinary flow. In 47
      cases there was unchanged antegrade ejaculation, while reduced semen volume was
      reported by 11 men and retrograde ejaculation by only 3. The quality of orgasm
      and sexual satisfaction were not permanently changed by the operation. Post
      operative analysis of seminal fluid was performed in 27 patients, with normal
      results in 26. In 16 men who provided specimens both before and after bladder
      neck incision, no consistent change was found in the semen. An incision
      completely splitting the bladder neck but not extending distal to the
      verumontanum will relieve outlet obstruction. Maintenance of antegrade
      ejaculation can be expected in most patients undergoing this operation.

PMID- 4039207
TI  - [Changes in mean erythrocyte volume during cisplatin treatment].

PMID- 4039209
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura presenting as an acute abdomen.

PMID- 4039210
TI  - Unidirectional non-cross-tolerance (UNCT) in rats and an apparent dissociation
      between narcotic tolerance and physical dependence.
AB  - The phenomenon of unidirectional non-cross tolerance (UNCT) to etorphine was
      observed in adult male rats tolerant to morphine. Using a morphine pellet (four
      75 mg morphine pellets) implantation protocol, a 10-fold increase in the
      analgesic ED50 value, obtained by tail-flick assay, was observed for morphine
      sulfate, with no alteration in analgesic ED50 value for etorphine. After
      etorphine pellet (two 60 micrograms pellets) implantation, no significant change
      in the ED50 value for etorphine was observed, but the ED50 value for morphine
      increased 15-fold. Both morphine and etorphine pellet-implanted animals,
      challenged with naloxone, showed similar qualitative signs of precipitated
      withdrawal. This seeming dissociation obtained by demonstration of physical
      dependence in the absence of tolerance to etorphine has its basis in the UNCT
      phenomenon. Thus, appropriate experimental paradigms must be included when
      evaluating tolerance to avoid specious conclusions.

PMID- 4039211
TI  - Responses of thalamic and hypothalamic neurons to scrotal warming in rats: non
      specific responses?
AB  - Activities of thalamic and hypothalamic neurons in response to scrotal
      temperature change were investigated in urethanized (1.2-1.5 g/kg) rats with
      special attention to changes in cortical electroencephalogram (EEG).
      Somatosensory relay neurons were identified electrophysiologically in the
      ventrobasal complex (VB) of the thalamus. These neurons had tactile receptive
      fields in areas outside the scrotum. Forty out of 44 of these neurons responded
      to scrotal warming by increase in firing rate. The responses occurred abruptly at
      threshold temperatures ranging from 31 to 40 degrees C (switching response) with
      simultaneous changes in EEG from high to low voltages (desynchronization). In
      both the thalamus and the hypothalamus, neurons excited or inhibited by scrotal
      warming were also excited or inhibited, respectively, by noxious stimulation that
      produced EEG desynchronization. Neurons showing no response to scrotal warming
      were not affected by noxious stimulation. In deeply anesthetized (2.5 g/kg
      urethane) rats, VB relay neurons responded to tactile stimulation of their
      receptive fields, but scrotal warming produced no change in either EEG or
      activities of thalamic and hypothalamic neurons. These facts suggest that the
      responses of thalamic and hypothalamic neurons to scrotal warming may be 'non
      specific'. Most thalamic and hypothalamic neurons showing switching responses did
      not appear to mediate specific information concerning scrotal skin temperature.

PMID- 4039212
TI  - Spatial distribution of dopamine, methotrexate and antipyrine during continuous
      intracerebral microperfusion.
AB  - The spatial distributions of 3 model drugs, [14C]dopamine hydrochloride (DA),
      [3H]sodium methotrexate (MTX) and [14C]antipyrine (AP), were determined after 6
      days continuous microperfusion of the diencephalon of rabbits. The basic pattern
      of distribution was the same for each drug: the tissue concentration, expressed
      as a function of the perfusate concentration, was maximal at the cannula tip, and
      declined sharply with radial distance from the tip. However, at any given
      distance, concentrations of radioisotopes derived from DA and MTX, both ionized,
      lipid-insoluble drugs, were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those
      derived from AP, a lipid-soluble drug. Although concentrations of isotopes
      derived from DA and MTX were in the same range, their distribution patterns were
      consistently different. The results demonstrate that intracerebrally
      microperfused drugs may have quantitatively different spatial distributions,
      related to their physicochemical characteristics and/or their binding and
      metabolism in brain tissue.

PMID- 4039213
TI  - The organization of the hypothalamic pathways mediating affective defense
      behavior in the cat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to describe the hypothalamic pathways which mediate
      affective defense in the cat utilizing the methods of [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG)
      and [3H]leucine radioautography in concert with the technique of electrical brain
      stimulation. The feline affective defense response, characterized by pupillary
      dilatation, piloerection, ear retraction, hissing, growling and striking with the
      forepaws, was elicited consistently by stimulation of sites within the
      ventromedial hypothalamus and anterior aspect of the medial hypothalamus. In one
      series of experiments, 2-DG autoradiography was employed to describe the brain
      regions activated following stimulation of sites in the region of the
      ventromedial hypothalamus from which affective defense had been elicited.
      Ventromedial hypothalamic stimulation produced activation primarily in forebrain
      regions situated rostral to the level of the stimulating electrode. These
      structures included principally the anteromedial hypothalamus and medial preoptic
      area, as well as the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis and anterior commissure,
      diagonal band and lateral septal area. The caudal extent of activation included
      only the dorsal and perifornical hypothalamus at the level of the stimulation
      site. In a second series of experiments, affective defense sites in the
      anteromedial hypothalamus were stimulated and the regional distribution of 2-DG
      label was identified. In contrast to the results obtained from ventromedial
      hypothalamic stimulation, these experiments revealed a marked descending
      distribution of label within the posterior hypothalamus, midbrain central gray
      and ventral tegmental area. Results obtained from studies in which tritiated
      amino acids were injected into affective defense sites in both the ventromedial
      nucleus and anteromedial hypothalamus confirmed the general findings observed
      with 2-DG autoradiography. From these observations, we have concluded that the
      organization of the pathway mediating affective defense behavior from the
      ventromedial hypothalamus to the midbrain involves an initial synapse within the
      region of the anteromedial hypothalamus and a second synapse in the midbrain
      central gray substance. The significance of the anteromedial hypothalamus for the
      expression of affective defense behavior was considered in the Discussion.

PMID- 4039214
TI  - The role of the anterior hypothalamus in affective defense behavior elicited from
      the ventromedial hypothalamus of the cat.
AB  - In the preceding paper a hypothalamic circuit subserving feline affective defense
      behavior was described. This circuit included an ascending component from the
      ventromedial nucleus to the anterior hypothalamus and a descending component from
      the anterior hypothalamus to the midbrain central gray substance. The present
      study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the anterior hypothalamus plays
      a central role in the organization of this functional pathway. In the first part
      of this study, dual stimulation methods were utilized to demonstrate that
      concurrent stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus facilitates the
      occurrence of affective defense responses elicited from the anterior
      hypothalamus. In the second part of the study, lesions placed in the anterior
      hypothalamus significantly increased the latency and threshold current for
      affective defense responses elicited from the ventromedial hypothalamus. [14C]2
      deoxyglucose autoradiography confirmed the fact that anterior hypothalamic
      lesions effective in blocking affective defense were placed in regions where the
      vast majority of ventromedial hypothalamic fibers terminate. In contrast, lesions
      which had little or no effect upon the latency or threshold for affective defense
      elicited from the ventromedial hypothalamus appeared to leave intact the
      connections from the ventromedial to the anterior hypothalamus. These findings
      are consistent with the proposed intrahypothalamic anatomical substrate
      subserving affective defense behavior described in the preceding paper.

PMID- 4039215
TI  - Enhancement of some 5-HT-dependent behavioural responses following repeated
      immobilization in rats.
AB  - Responses to drugs affecting 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopaminergic (DA)
      system have been examined in rats after repeated immobilization. Groups of rats
      were immobilized for 2 h per day for up to 7 days. Twenty-four hours later their
      behavioural responses to various drugs were tested. Rats immobilized for 7 days
      showed decreased sniffing and increased grooming and body shakes. When given
      amphetamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) the intensity of classical dopamine-dependent
      behaviours was similar to that of non-immobilized controls. Some responses to the
      5-HT releaser p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) (4 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and the 5-HT
      agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MEODMT) (5 mg/kg, i.p.) (forepaw
      treading and tremor) were enhanced after 7 days immobilization but others (limb
      abduction and headweaving) were not. These responses were not enhanced after 1 or
      3 days immobilization. Backward walking and body shakes induced by PCA were also
      enhanced after 7 days immobilization. Concentrations of 5-HT, DA and their
      metabolites in striatum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and midbrain of non
      drug-treated control and immobilized groups were comparable. Brain PCA
      concentrations 30 min after injection were also comparable. The above biochemical
      and behavioural data suggest that repeated immobilization increases some 5-HT
      postsynaptic functions. These results are discussed in relation to non-drug
      provoked behavioural abnormalities occurring 24 h after the first immobilization
      but no longer evident after 7 periods of immobilization.

PMID- 4039216
TI  - Heterogeneity of peptides released by electrically active neuroendocrine
      caudodorsal cells of Lymnaea stagnalis.
AB  - The peptidergic caudodorsal cells (CDC) are located in the cerebral ganglia (CG)
      of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. They have the periphery of the intercerebral
      commissure (COM) as the neurohaemal area. Release of the ovulation hormone (CDCH)
      and other presumed peptides by electrically active CDC was studied in vitro using
      CG/COM preparations which were preincubated with radioactive amino acids.
      Electrical activity of the CDC was induced by electrical stimulation of these
      cells, and by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate (cAMP) or potassium
      depolarization. Four classes of radioactively-labelled peptides are released by
      active CDC. They have molecular weights of greater than or equal to 6000,
      approximately 5500, approximately 4500 and approximately 2500 daltons,
      respectively. Released CDCH bioactivity co-eluted with the approximately 4500
      dalton radioactive peptides. Selective removal of CDC demonstrated that the CDC
      release these peptides. cAMP and potassium depolarization also induce release of
      these peptides. The release after potassium depolarization is dependent upon the
      presence of calcium ions. CG/COMs from juvenile snails are not capable of
      releasing the peptides. With Bio-Gel P-6 chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulphate
      urea polyacrylamide electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and proteolytic enzymes
      it was found that released CDCH is a peptide with the same molecular weight and
      pI as CDCH stored in the COM (molecular weight approximately 4700; pI
      approximately 9.3).

PMID- 4039217
TI  - Kindling in the amygdala and susceptibility to stress ulcers.
AB  - Kindling in the centromedial amygdala facilitated the subsequent development of
      restraint-induced stomach ulcers in rats. It was suggested that the neuronal
      hyperexcitability produced by the kindling procedure led to an increased
      susceptibility to gastric pathology in response to stress.

PMID- 4039218
TI  - Effects of amino and ammonio derivatives of adenosine on smooth muscle
      preparations and mouse neuroblastoma adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Several amino- and ammonio-substituted derivatives of adenosine were tested as
      effectors of adenosine receptors in different smooth muscle preparations and
      mouse neuroblastoma adenylate cyclase. The compounds did not affect adenosine
      receptors in smooth muscles. N6-[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]adenosine was a weak
      stimulator of adenylate cyclase, and 3'-amino-3'-deoxyadenosine and 3'
      monomethylamino-3'-deoxyadenosine antagonized the stimulation of adenylate
      cyclase by 2-chloroadenosine.

PMID- 4039219
TI  - Extraction of a murine tumor-specific antigen from cells and plasma membranes
      using 1-butanol: augmentation of antigen yield by colchicine.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to examine the ability of single-phase
      aqueous solutions of 1-butanol to release immunoprotective tumor antigen activity
      from partially purified plasma membranes of the methylcholanthrene-induced
      fibrosarcoma, MCA-F. Tumor antigen activity was assessed by s.c. immunization of
      syngeneic C3H/HeJ mice 10 days prior to supralethal challenge. Although brief
      incubation of intact MCA-F cells in 2.5% butanol releases potent immunoprotective
      activity, application of this protocol to plasma membranes did not result in
      antigen extraction. Modification of the extraction protocol using higher
      concentrations of butanol and longer extraction times did release measurable
      tumor antigen activity. However, a significant amount of the membrane-associated
      activity remained with the insoluble membrane fraction, as demonstrated by the
      immunoprotective capacity of the extracted membranes. The dramatic difference in
      the extractability of antigen from intact cells and plasma membranes suggested
      that membrane architecture may influence antigen release. To investigate this
      possibility, we extracted with butanol MCA-F cells that had been preincubated in
      colchicine. Treatment of cells with colchicine significantly potentiated the
      extraction of tumor antigen activity. Augmentation of antigen yield was also
      observed when plasma membranes were pretreated with colchicine prior to 2.5%
      butanol extraction. These results suggest that the tumor-specific transplantation
      antigen may be directly or indirectly associated with the cytoskeleton underlying
      the plasma membrane.

PMID- 4039220
TI  - Prediction of in vivo tumor response to chemotherapeutic agents by the in vitro
      sister chromatid exchange assay.
AB  - The ability of the in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay to predict in
      vivo tumor drug sensitivity was investigated using a spontaneous hepatocarcinoma
      in C3Hf/Kam mice and 3 chemotherapeutic agents: melphalan; cis-platinum; and 1,3
      bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). For hepatocarcinoma cells grown in
      monolayer culture, melphalan was the most efficient at inducing SCEs, and BCNU,
      the least. cis-Platinum induced a range in SCEs that overlapped those of BCNU and
      melphalan, suggesting that hepatocarcinoma is not a homogeneous population with
      intermediate sensitivity, but is a mixture of cis-platinum-sensitive and 
      resistant cells. According to in vitro cell survival curves, hepatocarcinoma was
      most sensitive to melphalan, less sensitive to cis-platinum, and essentially
      resistant to BCNU. The relative antineoplastic effects of melphalan, cis
      platinum, and BCNU in vivo were compared by the response of artificial and
      spontaneous pulmonary metastases and solid tumors to these agents. For artificial
      metastases, there was a dose-dependent decrease in the number of lung nodules in
      mice treated with melphalan or cis-platinum, with melphalan being the more
      effective. BCNU had no effect. Spontaneous pulmonary metastases generated from
      hepatocarcinoma leg tumors were reduced in those mice treated with melphalan,
      unaffected by cis-platinum, and increased by BCNU. In hepatocarcinoma leg tumors
      (5 to 6 mm in diameter), melphalan induced the longest growth delay, and BCNU the
      least. Therefore, the relative effects produced by these three drugs in vivo were
      the same as predicted by SCE induction in vitro. The SCE assay may thus have
      potential clinical application.

PMID- 4039221
TI  - Differential response of cultured human normal and tumor cells to trace element
      induced resistance to the alkylating agent melphalan.
AB  - Previous studies using cultured Chinese hamster cells indicated that pretreatment
      of the cells with the trace elements copper, selenium, and/or zinc resulted in
      increased survival of the metal-induced cultures following subsequent exposure to
      mono- and bifunctional alkylating agents. To ascertain whether a comparable
      protective response could be activated in human-derived material, a series of
      human normal and tumor cells was treated with these trace elements and later
      challenged with the alkylating agent melphalan, prior to determination of the
      surviving fraction via colony formation. Normal human cells derived from either
      newborn infants or adults exhibited an increase in survival of 7- to 9-fold when
      pretreated with zinc alone that increased to approximately 16-fold when these
      normal cells were induced with all three trace elements. In contrast, comparable
      pretreatment of tumor cell populations resulted in an increase in survival of 1.7
      fold or less, with most types of tumors exhibiting no induced protection. These
      observations describing a differential inducibility of normal and tumor cells
      raise the possibility of a novel approach for selectively sparing normal tissue
      in patients undergoing treatment with alkylating agents. Possible ramifications
      to cancer chemotherapy are discussed.

PMID- 4039222
TI  - Relationship between the organization and synthesis of vimentin and the
      metastatic capability of B16 melanoma cells.
AB  - The organization and synthesis of the vimentin-containing cytoskeletal network as
      well as the metastatic capability of B16-F1 melanoma cells were investigated in
      cells treated with cycloheximide (CH). The addition of CH to cells for 4-8 h
      resulted in a marked reversible alteration in the organization of the vimentin
      containing network in B16-F1 melanoma cells as well as in a variety of epithelial
      and fibroblast cell lines. Treatment of cells with CH led to a reduction in the
      synthesis of vimentin, tubulin, and actin followed by a decrease in the
      concentrations of mRNAs coding for these proteins. However, out of these three
      cytoskeletal elements, only the organization of the intermediate filaments was
      disrupted by CH. Cells treated previously with CH and injected i.v. into
      syngeneic mice had diminished capacity to form lung metastases as compared to
      control untreated cells. This effect was reversible, and the metastatic
      capability recovered to the control level after the drug was removed from the
      growth medium for 16 h. The possibility that the organization and the synthesis
      of the cytoskeletal components are related and that the metastatic capability of
      B16 melanoma is influenced by the organization of the cytoskeletal networks are
      discussed.

PMID- 4039223
TI  - Reactive oxygen dependent activation of polycyclic hydrocarbons by phorbol ester
      stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 4039224
TI  - Quasi-exponential generation time distributions from a limit cycle oscillator.
AB  - In spite of the apparently random behaviour and the often exponential
      distribution of generation times expressed in cell populations, there is evidence
      for rather precise timekeeping in the cell cycle. In experiments using time-lapse
      video-tape microscopy, we have noted that cell generation times are often not
      distributed smoothly but in many cases seem to cluster at roughly 4 hr intervals.
      Phase shift responses following application of heat shock, ionizing radiation or
      serum pulses in each case show a pattern which is repeated twice in cells with an
      8-9 hr modal generation time. We describe here a cell cycle model with an
      independent cellular clock controlling cell cycle events which accounts for the
      phase response data, while also reconciling the stochastic and periodic behaviour
      characteristic of animal cells.

PMID- 4039225
TI  - The influence of the route of antigen administration on the development of
      specific antibody-producing cells in the follicles of the popliteal lymph nodes
      of rabbits.
AB  - Rabbits received an injection of liposome-associated human serum albumin (HSA)
      and six weeks later a booster injection of HSA free in solution. Anti-HSA
      antibody-forming cells were demonstrated in the popliteal lymph nodes by use of a
      HSA-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate for their detection. After a single
      subcutaneous injection into the footpads, specific antibody-forming cells were
      found, but after a single intravenous injection no anti-HSA-forming cells were
      observed in the lymph nodes. During the secondary immune response specific anti
      HSA antibody-producing cells were found in the lymph nodes of all animals. The
      localization pattern of anti-HSA antibody-forming cells within the lymph nodes
      depended on the route of antigen administration used for the primary and booster
      injection. Anti-HSA-forming cells were mainly found in the cords of the medulla
      and in the outer cortex. During the secondary immune response, however, they were
      also detected in the follicles but only when at least one of the two antigen
      injections was given subcutaneously.

PMID- 4039226
TI  - Cost and utilization of the new cardiac imaging modalities.

PMID- 4039227
TI  - The quantitative detection of various Pt-DNA-adducts in Chinese hamster ovary
      cells treated with cisplatin: application of immunochemical techniques.
AB  - With polyclonal antibodies raised against cis-Pt(NH3)2Guo-GMP, small quantities
      of specific Pt-adducts could be detected in DNA from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)
      cells treated with the antitumor agent cisplatin, after the DNA had been digested
      with nucleases and the degradation products separated by anion-exchange
      chromatography (FPLC). Directly after treatment with 83 microM cisplatin,
      resulting in 97 X 10(-6) platinum atoms bound per nucleotide, 35.9 +/- 4.7% of
      the platinum was recovered as cis-Pt(NH3)2d(pGpG), derived from intrastrand cross
      links on two neighboring guanines, 3.1 +/- 1.6% as cis-Pt(NH3)2d(GMP)2, the
      degradation product of interstrand cross-links on two guanines (0.07%, according
      to separate studies) and of intrastrand cross-links on two guanines separated by
      one or more bases. The immunochemical method was not sensitive enough for the
      detection of monofunctionally bound platinum on guanine residues. The amount of
      these adducts, present in the digests as Pt(NH3)3dGMP, could be established with
      atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) (38.5% of the total Pt-content of the DNA).
      After a post-treatment incubation of the cells for 24 h, the total amount of
      platinum decreased to 59 X 10(-6) atoms per nucleotide, indicating the removal of
      adducts. In the digests, cis-Pt(NH3)2d(pGpG) accounted for 46.4 +/- 6.8% of the
      total Pt-content, cis-Pt(NH3)2d(GMP)2 for 3.0 +/- 0.9% (0.34% derived from DNA
      interstrand cross-links). The amounts of monofunctional adducts had decreased to
      such an extent that the exact quantities (below 15%) could not be determined.
      According to AAS-assays, at the elution position of cis-Pt(NH3)2d(pApG) a
      significant amount of Pt-product was present, both at t = 0 and 24 h, but the
      signals did not allow quantitative evaluation (however, below 48% and 28%,
      respectively). The possible role of the individual lesions in the DNA in the
      biological effects of this platinum compound in CHO cells is discussed.

PMID- 4039228
TI  - Covalent binding of diethylstilbestrol to microsomal protein in vitro correlates
      with the organotropism of its carcinogenicity.
AB  - [14C]Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was incubated in vitro with liver and kidney
      microsomes from male and female hamsters and rats, and the extent of non
      extractable binding of radioactivity to microsomal protein was determined.
      Binding to microsomes from male hamster kidney, which is a target organ for DES
      carcinogenicity in vivo, was found to be 5-10 times higher than binding to
      microsomes from non-target tissues. Pretreatment with phenobarbital led to a
      marked increase in binding of DES to kidney microsomes but not to liver
      microsomes from female hamsters and male and female rats. The correlations of in
      vitro covalent binding with organ susceptibility implies a role for metabolic
      activation of DES in the mechanism of its carcinogenicity.

PMID- 4039229
TI  - Studies on vitamin D binding protein in the nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - We studied the properties of vitamin D binding protein in plasma and urine from
      nine patients with nephrotic syndrome. Samples were incubated with 25
      [3H]hydroxyvitamin D3, after which we determined binding capacity and apparent
      dissociation constants. Binding capacity was markedly less in plasma from
      patients with nephrotic syndrome than that from normal subjects, but binding
      affinity was unchanged. Specific binding of 25-hydroxy[3H]vitamin D3 could be
      demonstrated in urine from all the nephrotic patients, and sucrose density
      gradient analysis of these urines revealed a single binding peak with
      sedimentation characteristics similar to those of vitamin D binding protein in
      plasma.

PMID- 4039230
TI  - Diabetes in pregnancy. An epidemiologic study by Department of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology of Sassari University from 1974 to 1983.
AB  - We examined 102 pregnancies in 59 diabetic women by Department of Gynaecology and
      Obstetrics of Sassari University from 1974 to 1983, we evaluated pregnancy and
      labor proceeding, perinative morbidity and mortality. Our issues show a
      perinative mortality high yet (14.8%), not always comparable to severity of
      maternal diabetes, that's mainly due to insufficient number of controls
      undertaken from patients for their por medical education. Recently diabetic
      pregnant women have getting used to routine controls of metabolic balance,
      pregnancy evolution and fetal well-being through biochemical and biophysic
      monitoring; that allows to obtain an improvement of perinative mortality.

PMID- 4039231
TI  - Comparison of DHT-binding and monoclonal immunoradiometric methods for the
      measurement of sex hormone-binding globulin.

PMID- 4039232
TI  - A new ELISA method for the detection of serum bindable anti-platelet antibodies
      (SPBIG).

PMID- 4039233
TI  - Parathyroid hormone-like bioactivity in a patient with severe osteitis fibrosa
      cystica due to malignancy: renotropic actions of a tumour extract as assessed by
      cytochemical bioassay.
AB  - A patient is described with malignancy, hypercalcaemia and radiological evidence
      of severe parathyroid bone disease but undetectable concentrations of circulating
      immunoreactive PTH. Autopsy showed the tumour to be a metastatic bronchial
      carcinoid with no evidence of primary parathyroid disease. Extracts of the tumour
      had no PTH immunoreactivity but had high concentrations of a substance with
      identical activity to PTH in a cytochemical bioassay. The biological activity of
      the extract was not inhibited by PTH antibodies but was inhibited by an
      antagonist to PTH bioactivity.

PMID- 4039235
TI  - Paternal mosaic 45,X/46,XYq+ and recurrent spontaneous abortions without monosomy
      X.

PMID- 4039234
TI  - Bromocriptine therapy in acromegaly: effects on plasma GH levels, somatomedin-C
      levels and clinical activity.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with active acromegaly were treated with 10-20 mg
      bromocriptine daily for a period of 6-9 months. The clinical response was
      evaluated both by a subjective 'score of symptoms', and by a combined subjective
      and objective 'clinical and metabolic improvement score' (c-m score). The
      biochemical response was evaluated both by measurement of the mean of four plasma
      growth hormone (GH) determinations during the day and by measurement of plasma
      somatomedin-C (Sm-C) concentration. The clinical response as assessed by both
      methods showed a better correlation with changes in plasma GH levels
      (respectively r = 0.33; r = 0.50) than with changes in Sm-C levels (r = 0.20; r =
      0.36). The study confirms that in some patients clinical improvement is not
      accompanied by a decrease of plasma GH concentration. However, it is not possible
      to identify a subgroup of patients who showed clinical improvement with a
      decrease of Sm-C levels, but whose plasma GH levels remained constant. It is
      concluded that measurement of plasma GH levels still appears to be the most
      useful biochemical assessment of disease activity in bromocriptine-treated
      acromegaly.

PMID- 4039236
TI  - Skin disease in homosexual patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      (AIDS) and lesser forms of human T cell leukaemia virus (HTLV III) disease.

PMID- 4039237
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome in pregnancy.

PMID- 4039238
TI  - Hemangioblastoma of the cauda equina.
AB  - A very rare hemangioblastoma of the filum terminale with sciatic pain and partial
      cauda syndrome in a 36-year-old man is presented. The difference between solitary
      hemangioblastoma, hemangioblastomatosis and von Hippel-Lindau disease is
      stressed. The literature is reviewed and the diagnosis of cauda equina neoplasms
      is discussed. Even nowadays often the final diagnosis is made late and only after
      operation and microscopical tissue examination.

PMID- 4039239
TI  - Quantitative analysis of liver function in percutaneous transhepatic biliary
      drainage patients.
AB  - The diagnostic usefulness of Tc-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy as a predictor of
      eventual catheter and hepatic function in patients who have undergone
      percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) for extrahepatic biliary
      obstruction was evaluated. Twenty-nine cholescintigrams were performed in 14
      patients. The examinations were divided into two groups: Group A (N = 17), in
      which the patient's clinical status deteriorated within two to three days post
      PTBD, and Group B (N = 12), in which the patients did well clinically post-PTBD.
      No significant difference between the two groups was demonstrated by visual
      analysis of the analog images or by analysis of serum bilirubin levels. A
      computer program, developed by the authors, quantitates several parameters of
      DISIDA kinetics, reflecting hepatic function based upon compartmental analysis. A
      significant difference (P less than .001) was demonstrated between the mean
      transport constants (blood clearance constant = k1; hepatic clearance constant =
      k2) for the two groups. It is concluded that serum bilirubin levels and visual
      inspection of analog images are inadequate independent predictors of hepatic
      function in patients post PTBD. The transport constants k1 and k2 are
      quantitative parameters of hepatic function that may be of prognostic value in
      patients post PTBD.

PMID- 4039240
TI  - Hepatobiliary-lung imaging. A case report.
AB  - The use of combined hepatobiliary-lung imaging in the diagnosis and evaluation of
      a subphrenic process is described.

PMID- 4039241
TI  - Grand rounds. Immune globulin in the treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenic
      purpura.
AB  - Two patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) who received high
      dose intravenous immune globulin before undergoing splenectomy are described, and
      the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic ATP
      are reviewed. One patient was a 62-year-old white man who was admitted to the
      hospital with a history of thrombocytopenia and probable steroid-induced diabetes
      mellitus. The second patient was a 24-year-old black woman who was admitted for
      recurrent bleeding episodes and splenectomy. In both patients, immune globulin
      1.5 g/kg administered over four to six days resulted in marked elevations of
      platelet counts. ATP is a platelet disorder of unknown etiology. Platelets with
      surface-bound antiplatelet antibody are destroyed by the reticuloendothelial
      system. As the platelet count falls below 30,000-50,000/cu mm, the patient may
      manifest signs of bleeding such as petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis, menorrhagia,
      epistaxis, and bleeding from other mucosal surfaces. Corticosteroids are the
      initial treatment of choice. Splenectomy is considered for children with the life
      threatening hemorrhage and for patients who do not respond to corticosteroids.
      Patients who are refractory to steroid therapy and splenectomy may respond to
      immunosuppressant agents. Approximately, 80% of patients treated with immune
      globulin have responded with an increase in platelet count, although this
      increase is sometimes transient. Immune globulin therapy is recommended for
      emergency treatment of ATP, as preoperative medication before splenectomy, and
      for young children in order to postpone splenectomy. Despite a good response to
      treatment, immune globulin therapy should not be considered a cure for ATP.

PMID- 4039242
TI  - CT measurements of the anterior portions of the diaphragm with illustrative
      abnormal cases.
AB  - One hundred and two adult patients without evidence of diaphragmatic disease were
      examined by computed tomography. Patients were excluded who had evidence of
      neoplasma frequently associated with peritoneal implants, liver metastases,
      ascites, or pleural effusions. The anterior portion of the right diaphragm
      leaflet could be evaluated in thirteen patients and the left in 82. The normal
      range of diaphragm thickness was 1.2-28.6 mm on the left and 2.6-26 mm on the
      right. Causes for apparent increased thickness of the diaphragm leaflets are
      discussed and several abnormal cases illustrated.

PMID- 4039243
TI  - Forskolin suppresses sympathetic neuron function and causes ocular hypotension.
AB  - Recent reports suggest that forskolin can produce ocular hypotension in
      laboratory animals and man by enhancing formation of cyclic AMP. This proposed
      mechanism of action implies that forskolin lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) by
      activating adenylate cyclase at some postjunctional site. Intra-arterial (i.a.)
      injections of forskolin (10, 33, 100 & 333 micrograms) into the cat nictitating
      membrane (CNM) preparation produced dose-related inhibition of contractions
      elicited by electrical stimulation of pre-and postganglionic sympathetic neurons.
      Interestingly, contractions elicited by i.a. norepinephrine were inhibited less
      than neuronally mediated contractions. Topically applied forskolin (0.5 mg) to
      the eyes of unilaterally sympathectomized (SX) rabbits and normal rabbits
      elicited ocular hypotension in the innervated eyes only. Forskolin (0.5 mg,
      topically) suppressed the rise in IOP induced by water loading in normal rabbits
      but was significantly less effective in SX rabbits. These results suggest that
      forskolin lowered IOP in rabbits and suppressed contraction of the electrically
      stimulated CNM, in part, by inhibiting sympathetic neuronal function.

PMID- 4039244
TI  - The structural development of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 4039245
TI  - The relation between neonatal and later activity and temperament.
AB  - Evidence from several longitudinal studies suggests that individual activity
      characteristics tend to persist over time and to influence the development of
      temperamental style. The activity of 50 children whose motility had been
      monitored by an electronic activity monitor when they were neonates was again
      monitored by an ambulatory microcomputer when they were 4-8 years old.
      Additionally, the parents of these children filled out the Behavioral Style
      Questionnaire by McDevitt and Carey. The results showed that the level of the
      children's day and night activity was unrelated. The vigor of neonatal movements
      was later positively related to high daytime activity. Also, the least vigorous
      infants tended to become the most inactive children during the day. The results
      further showed that the most active neonates became children who, as perceived by
      their parents, tended to approach rather than withdraw from new experiences.

PMID- 4039246
TI  - Centromere ultrastructure in germ-line chromosomes of Parascaris.
AB  - Ultrastructural analysis of the centromere in germ-line mitotic chromosomes of
      Parascaris univalens and Parascaris equorum revealed that these chromosomes are
      holocentric. In thin longitudinal sections of both species the kinetochore
      appeared as a continuous plate (up to 3.8 micron long) and displayed a layered
      structure. This structure consisted of electron-dense inner and outer layers
      (average width 10 nm) separated by a less dense middle layer (25 nm wide), which
      had transverse electron-dense bars (10 nm wide) regularly spaced every 25-30 nm.
      Thus the ladderlike kinetochore profile observed in Parascaris gonial mitotic
      chromosomes represents a different type of organization from that of the
      classical trilaminar kinetochore found in both holocentric and monocentric
      chromosomes.

PMID- 4039247
TI  - [Dexterous digital movements of the non-preferred hand--a test of 46 normal
      subjects].

PMID- 4039248
TI  - Estrogen responsiveness of normal mouse mammary cells in primary cell culture:
      association of mammary fibroblasts with estrogenic regulation of progesterone
      receptors.
AB  - Estrogens enhance proliferation of normal mouse mammary cells in vivo. However,
      when cultured alone, normal mouse mammary epithelial cells fail to exhibit a
      proliferative response to estrogen in vitro; the basis for this lack of in vitro
      responsiveness to estrogen is not known. The purpose of the present study is to
      determine if cultured normal mouse mammary cells possess estrogen receptors (ER)
      and/or progesterone receptors (PgR) and if the ER mechanism is functional, as
      measured by the ability of estrogens to regulate PgR. Recent findings that
      mammary fibroblasts can influence the behavior of mammary epithelial cells in
      vitro led us to investigate their effect on epithelial cell responsiveness to
      estrogen. In these studies, collagenase-dissociated mammary glands of midpregnant
      BALB/c mice were the source of mixed cultures (containing both epithelial cells
      and fibroblasts) and epithelial or fibroblast cultures. The purity of epithelial
      or fibroblast cultures was quantified immunocytochemically using antivimentin
      antibody as a fibroblast marker. Steroid hormone binding was quantified in intact
      cultured cells using [3H]R5020 and 17 beta-[3H]estradiol as the ligands. Specific
      high affinity binding sites for estrogen (Kd = 3.1 +/- 0.8 X 10(-10] and
      progestins (Kd = 3.3 +/- 1.2 X 10(-9) M) were detected in mixed cultures. To
      assess the possible role of mammary fibroblasts, we investigated cultures
      containing only fibroblasts which were derived by differential centrifugation.
      When 17 beta-estradiol was added to the culture medium, a significant (P less
      than 0.01) increase in PgR concentration was observed in mixed cultures. While
      mixed cultures maintain responsiveness to estrogen in vitro, as measured herein,
      the epithelial cultures, derived by differential centrifugation and Percoll
      gradient sedimentation, did not. However, estrogenic regulation of PgR appears to
      be specific to epithelial cells in mixed cultures, since fibroblast cultures
      neither contained PgR nor displayed estrogen-inducible PgR. The lack of
      responsiveness of epithelial cultures is not due to a loss or decrease in the ER
      concentration. Thus, the presence of mammary fibroblasts appears to be associated
      with epithelial cell responsiveness to estrogen in vitro.

PMID- 4039249
TI  - Alternate photoperiods time puberty in the female lamb.
AB  - In the spring-born lamb, puberty, the onset of repetitive ovarian cycles, occurs
      between 25 and 35 weeks of age during the decreasing day length of autumn. This
      study was conducted to determine the photoperiod conditions required for puberty.
      Several artificial photoperiod treatments were used, beginning from birth or soon
      after. Continuous exposure to long days or to short days delayed the first normal
      luteal cycle beyond 1 yr of age. Similarly, a single block of 4 or 10 weeks of
      long days at early ages, from either 3-7 or 3-13 weeks of age (afterwards under
      short days), produced only a few consecutive cycles within the first year after
      birth. However, exposure to blocks of long days at later ages resulted in the
      onset of cycles during the normal pubertal period. Lambs that experienced a 10
      week block of long days (12-22 weeks of age; otherwise under short days) began
      reproductive cycles at 34 weeks of age. Reduction of the single block of long
      days to 5 weeks (17-22 weeks of age) or 1 week (week 22 of age) also resulted in
      the onset of normal luteal cycles within the normal age range for puberty. The
      results indicate that a sequence of long days followed by short days is required
      to initiate and sustain ovulatory cycles at the normal age in the lamb. Moreover,
      the age when long days are experienced is important, with later exposure to long
      days being more effective in producing consecutive cycles than early exposure to
      long days. These findings raise the possibility that the spring-born lamb uses a
      portion of the long days of summer to time the onset of puberty during the short
      day lengths of autumn.

PMID- 4039250
TI  - Combined therapy of malignant stenoses of the upper gastrointestinal tract by
      means of laser beam and bougienage.
AB  - Eighteen patients with malignant inoperable stenoses of the upper digestive tract
      were treated with a combination of laser (neodymium-YAG) coagulation and
      bougienage. Following treatment, 14 out of 18 patients (78%) were able to eat
      solid food again; the width of the lumen was greater than 11 mm in every case.
      Between 1 and 5 laser sessions (median 3.5) and between 1 and 2 (median 1)
      bougienages were required; per session, between 1,017 and 9,096 joules (median
      3,362) were required, and a total of between 4,770 and 36,244 joules (median
      8,763) were utilized per patient treated. To date, 6 patients remain free of
      dysphagia (at between 3 and 24 weeks), 1 patient has in the meantime been
      submitted to surgery. In 7 patients, recurrent stenosis occurred, which was again
      treated with the laser (3) or with an endoscopically implanted prosthetic tube
      (4). In 4 patients, the result was unsatisfactory. By way of major complications,
      merely one perforation occurred. We conclude that the combined use of laser
      coagulation and bougienage represents an effective and largely complication-free
      palliative treatment for malignant stenoses in the upper digestive tract.

PMID- 4039251
TI  - Side effects of endobronchial laser treatment.
AB  - Side effects that have occurred in over 250 endobronchial laser treatments are
      reported. The laser has been used in severe tracheal and in bronchial
      obstructions. In two cases significant bleeding had to be treated with tamponade.
      In one patient an emphysema of the mediastinum developed, in 2 further patients a
      small pneumothorax. Perforation of the airway was not detected and no special
      treatment was necessary. Three patients with life-threatening tracheal stenoses
      and one patient with severe stenosis of both the mainstem bronchi due to
      metastasis in the bifurcation lymph node had a large defect in the tracheal or
      bronchial wall with a deep necrosis five to twelve weeks after laser treatment;
      all these patients had extensive radiotherapy in addition. One patient died due
      to severe respiratory insufficiency, probably caused by smoke intoxication. After
      the laser treatment, rubber-like fibrin-rich plaques may develop, which can lead
      to life-threatening obstructions of the airway. It is recommended that laser
      bronchoscopy should be performed with the rigid bronchoscope. After treatment of
      tracheal lesion an endoscopic check must be performed within 24 hours. The
      combination of laser treatment and radiotherapy seems to involve a certain risk
      of large defects in the bronchial wall due to necrosis of the tumour.

PMID- 4039252
TI  - Time resolved fluorescence of bacteriophage Pfl DNA binding protein and its
      complex with DNA.
AB  - The DNA binding protein of the filamentous bacteriophage Pfl exhibits
      fluorescence from a single tryptophan residue. The location of the emission
      maximum at 340 nm ist quite common for proteins, but the single lifetime of 7.8
      ns is one of the longest yet reported. Protein fluorescence is quenched more
      efficiently by Cs+ than by I-; the Trp is located in a partially exposed pocket,
      in the vicinity of a negative charge. In the native complex of the binding
      protein with Pfl DNA the fluorescence emission maximum is at 330 nm, indicating a
      more apolar environment for Trp 14. The native nucleoprotein complex exhibits a
      similar fluorescence lifetime (6.5 ns) and an approximately equal fluorescence
      yield, indicating the absence of Trp-DNA stacking. The tryptophan in the complex
      is virtually inaccessible to ionic quenchers, and thus appears to be buried.
      Fluorescence depolarisation measurements have been used to examine the rotational
      mobility of the tryptophan in the protein and in the nucleoprotein complex. In
      the protein alone a single rotational correlation time (phi) of approximately 19
      ns is observed, corresponding to rotation of the entire dimeric molecule; in the
      native nucleoprotein complex with Pfl DNA, a phi of approximately 500 ns is
      observed, corresponding to a rigid unit of at least 50 subunits. In neither case
      does the tryptophan exhibit any detectable flexibility on the subnanosecond time
      scale.

PMID- 4039253
TI  - A review of mouse mutants as genetic models of epilepsy.
AB  - Here we review the major inherited convulsive disorders found in mice and discuss
      their possible relationship to specific clinical seizure disorders in humans.
      These mouse disorders include audiogenic seizures, the epilepsy (El) mutation,
      spontaneous seizures, the tottering/learner syndrome, cerebellar abnormalities,
      myelin disorders, and alcohol withdrawal seizures. Some of these disorders are
      symptomatic and others are idiopathic. We find that for many major types of
      epilepsy in humans there exists a similar counterpart in mice. Because the
      genetic constitution of the mouse is better known and more easily manipulated
      that that of other mammalian species, the mouse may serve as an excellent animal
      model for genetic and biochemical studies of epilepsy.

PMID- 4039254
TI  - Serum hormones during prolonged training of neuromuscular performance.
AB  - The effects of a 24-weeks' progressive training of neuromuscular performance
      capacity on maximal strength and on hormone balance were investigated
      periodically in 21 male subjects during the course of the training and during a
      subsequent detraining period of 12 weeks. Great increases in maximal strength
      were noted during the first 20 weeks, followed by a plateau phase during the last
      4 weeks of training. Testosterone/cortisol ratio increased during training.
      During the last 4 weeks of training changes in maximal strength correlated with
      the changes in testosterone/cortisol (P less than 0.01) and testosterone/SHBG (P
      less than 0.05) ratios. During detraining, correlative decreases were found
      between maximal strength and testosterone/cortisol ratio (P less than 0.05) as
      well as between the maximal strength and testosterone/SHBG ratio (P less than
      0.05). No statistically significant changes were observed in the levels of serum
      estradiol, lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH), prolactin, and somatotropin. The
      results suggest the importance of the balance between androgenic-anabolic
      activity and catabolizing effects of glucocorticoids during the course of
      vigorous strength training.

PMID- 4039255
TI  - Influence of heat stress and acclimation on maximal aerobic power.
AB  - Thirteen male volunteers performed cycle ergometer maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max
      tests) in moderate (21 degrees C, 30% rh) and hot (49 degrees C, 20% rh)
      environments, before and after a 9-day heat acclimation program. This program
      resulted in significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) final heart rate (24 bt X
      min-1) and rectal temperature (0.4 degrees C) from the first to last day of
      acclimation. The VO2max was lower (P less than 0.01) in the hot environment
      relative to the moderate environment both before (8%) and after (7%) acclimation
      with no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) shown for maximal power
      output (PO max, watts) between environments either before or after acclimation.
      The VO2max was higher (P less than 0.01) by 4% after acclimation in both
      environments. Also, PO max was higher (P less than 0.05) after acclimation in
      both the moderate (4%) and hot (2%) environments. The reduction in VO2max in the
      hot compared to moderate environment was not related to the difference in core
      temperature at VO2max between moderate and hot trials, nor was it strongly
      related with aerobic fitness level. These findings indicate that heat stress, per
      se, reduced the VO2max. Further, the reduction in VO2max due to heat was not
      affect be state of heat acclimation, the degree of elevation in core temperature,
      or level of aerobic fitness.

PMID- 4039256
TI  - Noninvasive determination of the anaerobic threshold in canoeing, cross-country
      skiing, cycling, roller, and ice-skating, rowing, and walking.
AB  - The relationship between velocity (V) and heart rate (HR) was determined in four
      canoeists, 42 cross-country skiers, 73 cyclists, nine ice-skaters, 10 roller
      skaters, 32 rowers, and 20 walkers. The athletes were asked to increase their
      work intensity progressively, from low to submaximal velocities; HRs were
      determined by ECG in roller-, ice-skating, and walking, or read on a
      cardiofrequency meter in canoeing, cross-country skiing, cycling, and rowing. In
      all the athletes examined the linearity of the V-HR relationship was maintained
      up to a submaximal speed (deflection velocity, Vd), beyond which the increase in
      work intensity exceeded the increase in HR. Vd and anaerobic threshold (AT),
      determined through blood lactate measurements, were coincident in 19 athletes (6
      cross-country skiers, 3 cyclists, 2 roller-skaters, 3 rowers, and 5 walkers). Vd
      was correlated with the average speeds maintained in walking (20 km, n = 13, r =
      0.88), cross-country skiing (15 km, n = 20, r = 0.80; 30 km, n = 8, r = 0.82; 12
      km, n = 7, r = 0.86; 11 km, n = 7, r = 0.86) and cycling (1,000 m flying-start, n
      = 68, r = 0.83), thus showing that AT is a limiting factor in these aerobic
      events.

PMID- 4039257
TI  - Energy sources in alpine skiing (giant slalom).
AB  - The energy cost of a giant slalom event was measured in eight skiers of national
      level. The lap lasted on average 82 s. VO2 was measured during the first, the
      second and the last third of the lap in different trials and also during recovery
      from a complete lap. Blood lactate was measured at the end of a lap. From the
      data obtained it was possible to calculate that: a) VO2, as measured during the
      lap, would correspond at steady state to 80% of the VO2max of the subjects; b)
      the total metabolic power delivered during the lap should be equal to about 72 ml
      O2 X kg-1 X min-1, corresponding to 120% of VO2max of the subjects. Considering
      the short duration of the trial and the power output delivered during maximal
      efforts on a bicycle ergometer, it appears that the giant slalom is not a very
      high energy demanding event.

PMID- 4039258
TI  - Ventilatory response during incremental exercise tests in weight lifters and
      endurance cyclists.
AB  - The effect of a progressively increasing work rate (15 W X min-1) up to
      exhaustion on the time course of O2 uptake (VO2), ventilation (VE) and heart rate
      (HR) has been studied in weight lifters (WL) in comparison to endurance cyclists
      (Cycl) and sedentary controls (Sed). VO2 and VE were measured as average value of
      30-s intervals by a semiautomatic open circuit method. VO2max was 2.55 +/- 0.33;
      4.29 +/- 0.53 and 2.86 +/- 0.19 l X min-1 in WL, Cycl and Sed respectively. With
      time and work rate, while VO2 and HR increased linearly, VE changed its slope at
      two levels. The 1st VE change occurred at a work load corresponding to a mean (+/
      SD) VO2 of 1.50 +/- 0.26; 1.93 +/- 0.34; and 1.23 +/- 0.14 l X min-1 in WL,
      Cycl, and Sed respectively. VO2 values corresponding to the second VE change of
      slope were 2.18 +/- 0.32 in WL; 3.48 +/- 0.53 in Cycl and 2.17 +/- 0.28 l X min-1
      in Sed. The first change of slope might be the consequence of the different
      readjustment of VO2 on-response and hence of early lactate in the different
      subjects. The second change seems to be comparable to the conventional anaerobic
      threshold and is achieved in all subjects when VE vs time slope is 7-10 l X min
      1/min of exercise.

PMID- 4039259
TI  - Effect of exercise training on aortic collagen content in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR).
AB  - We investigated the effects of exercise training on the amount of aortic collagen
      and systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Ten-week
      old SHR were trained either by forced treadmill running (26.8 m X min-1 -1 h X
      day-1, five times a week, 0% incline) or by voluntary running in revolving wheels
      (7,800 m X day-1 at peak) for 8 weeks. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity
      measured as a marker of an endurance training effect was 13% higher (P less than
      0.01) in the soleus of forced-exercised animals than in that of sedentary ones.
      (6.56 +/- 0.17 mumol X g-1 X min-1; mean +/- SEM), whereas SDH activity in that
      of voluntarily-exercised group was found to be at the same level as in sedentary
      animals. The systolic blood pressure after training increased by 26.4 in
      sedentary, 21.1 in voluntarily-exercised, and 33.9 mm Hg in forced-exercised
      rats, when compared with the value of each group at the beginning of the training
      program. A significant difference was observed in the increment of blood pressure
      only between the voluntarily- and forced-exercised groups (P less than 0.05). The
      amount of aortic collagen in voluntarily-trained rats (96.5 +/- 2.0 mg X g tissue
      1, 39.8 +/- 0.7 mg X 100 mg protein-1) was significantly less than that in forced
      trained rats (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that voluntary, mild
      exercise training may be more effective in the reduction of collagen accumulation
      in the aorta associated with the suppression of blood pressure increase than
      forced, vigorous exercise training in SHR.

PMID- 4039260
TI  - Red cell 2,3-DPG, ATP, and mean cell volume in highly trained athletes. Effect of
      long-term submaximal exercise.
AB  - 20 male elite long distance runners were compared to a control group of blood
      donors to determine the effect of training on red blood cells. The acute effects
      of exercise on red cells were investigated in 11 of the runners following a race
      of 15-30 km. The runners had elevated resting values of red cell 2,3-DPG (P less
      than 0.05) and mean cell volume (P less than 0.01); blood Hb and ATP were not
      different from concentrations in the control group. The red cell status of the
      athletes may be explained by an increased proportion of young erythrocytes in
      runners. No statistically significant changes in red cell 2,3-DPG, ATP, mean cell
      volume or blood Hb were found post exercise.

PMID- 4039261
TI  - Linear increase in optimal pedal rate with increased power output in cycle
      ergometry.
AB  - This experiment was designed to estimate the optimum pedal rates at various power
      outputs on the cycle ergometer. Five trained bicycle racers performed five
      progressive maximal tests on the ergometer. Each rode at pedal rates of 40, 60,
      80, 100, and 120 rev X min-1. Oxygen uptake and heart rate were determined from
      each test and plotted against pedal rate for power outputs of 100, 150, 200, 250,
      and 300 W. Both VO2 and heart rate differed significantly among pedal rates at
      equivalent power outputs, the variation following a parabolic curve. The low
      point in the curve was taken as the optimal pedal rate; i.e., the pedal rate
      which elicited the lowest heart rate or VO2 for a given power output. When the
      optimum was plotted against power output the variation was linear. These results
      indicate that an optimum pedal rate exists in this group of cyclists. This
      optimum pedal rate increases with power output, and when our study is compared to
      studies in which elite racers, or non-racers were used, the optimum seems to
      increase with the skill of the rider.

PMID- 4039262
TI  - Plasma FFA responses to prolonged walking in untrained men and women.
AB  - Gender differences in plasma FFA responses to 90 min of treadmill walking at 35%
      VO2max were investigated in six men and six women following an overnight fast.
      The subjects represented average values for maximal oxygen uptake and body fat
      percentage for age and gender. Mean plasma FFA concentration at 45 and 90 min of
      exercise were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher for women (0.82 mmol X 1(
      1), 0.88 mmol X 1(-1)) than men (0.42 mmol X 1(-1), 0.59 mmol X 1(-1)). Lower R
      values for women throughout the exercise period indicated a greater percentage
      fat in total metabolism than for men while the FFA/glycerol results supported
      greater lipolytic activity for women. The uniformity of percent fat in metabolism
      for women from rest to exercise showed that FFA release from adipose tissue
      increased rapidly with the onset of exercise which was not the case for men.
      Comparison of metabolic data as well as a statistical analysis (ANCOVA)
      controlling for the influence of VO2max and percentage body fat on FFA plasma
      concentration suggested that gender differences in FFA responses to prolonged
      submaximal exercise can be expected to occur in untrained subjects.

PMID- 4039263
TI  - The effects of cigarette smoking on maximal oxygen consumption and selected
      physiological responses of elite team sportsmen.
AB  - The acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking on selected physiological
      responses were determined in seven well-trained non-smokers and seven well
      trained habitual smokers. Non-smokers and smokers did not differ significantly
      with respect to maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). The acute effect of smoking
      two cigarettes immediately prior to a graded exercise stress test on a treadmill
      ergometer did not significantly alter the VO2max of either group. However, the
      time taken for non-smokers to reach exhaustion decreased significantly (F =
      5.381, P less than 0.05) by a mean of 0.64 min. Smokers recorded lower scores for
      forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the 1st s exhalation
      (FEV1) than non-smokers. Only the mean FVC of smokers recorded 5 min post
      exercise was significantly altered by pre-exercise smoking. No differences were
      found between the resting heart rates (HR) of non-smokers and smokers. Smoking
      two cigarettes significantly (F = 44.720, P less than 0.01) increased the mean
      resting HR of smokers and non-smokers by 15.8 beats X min-1 and 15.6 beats X min
      1 respectively. No alteration to the exercise HR of either group was found under
      smoking conditions of the VO2max tests.

PMID- 4039264
TI  - Dynamics and topography of human temperature regulation in response to thermal
      and work load.
AB  - Climatic chamber experiments were carried out with male subjects who were
      submitted to various rapid temperature changes. All experiments were performed
      first with the subjects at rest and later at work on a bicycle ergometer. The
      aims of the study were to obtain quantitative data enabling to determine effects
      of abrupt thermal load, abrupt work load, and combined load on the topography and
      the dynamics of temperatures and effectors, and to answer the question whether
      the effects of combined load may be computed by a linear superposition of pure
      thermal plus pure work load. Skin temperatures generally respond more directly to
      abrupt changes of thermal than of work load. This is in contrast to the dynamic
      behaviour of central temperatures which moreover exhibit the interesting effect
      of a transient paradoxical response both to the onset of work and of thermal
      load. Time constants of the dynamics of metabolic heat production are high in
      response to changes of thermal load as compared to the time constants at the
      onset and end of work. Generally the time constants of skin temperatures are
      shorter at rest than at work. Temperature topography changes only to a small
      extent in exercising subjects. The central temperature increase to combined
      thermal and work load is not significantly different from the added amount of
      temperature increases due to pure thermal and to pure work load. This suggests a
      quasi-linear superposition of both thermal effects and confirms, in accordance
      with further evidence of this and former studies, the hypothesis that work load
      does not interfere non-linearly with the regulatory processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039265
TI  - The pressor response to voluntary and electrically evoked isometric contractions
      in man.
AB  - Blood pressure and heart rate changes during sustained isometric exercise were
      studied in 11 healthy male volunteers. The responses were measured during
      voluntary and involuntary contractions of the biceps brachii at 30% of maximal
      voluntary contraction (MVC), and the triceps surae at 30% and 50% MVC.
      Involuntary contractions were evoked by percutaneous electrical stimulation of
      the muscle. Measurements of the time to peak tension of maximal twitch showed the
      biceps brachii (67.0 +/- 7.9 ms) muscle to be rapidly contracting, and the
      triceps surae (118.0 +/- 10.5 ms) to be slow contracting. The systolic and
      diastolic blood pressures increased linearly throughout the contractions, and
      systolic blood pressure increased more rapidly than diastolic. There was no
      significant difference in response to stimulated or voluntary contractions, nor
      was there any significant difference between the responses to contractions of the
      calf or arm muscles at the same relative tension. In contrast the heart rate rose
      to a higher level (P less than 0.01) in the biceps brachii than the triceps surae
      at given % MVC, and during voluntary compared with the electrically evoked
      contractions in the two muscle groups. It was concluded that the arterial blood
      pressure response to isometric contractions, unlike heart rate, is primarily due
      to a reflex arising within the active muscles (cf. Hultman and Sjoholm 1982)
      which is associated with relative tension but independent of contraction time and
      muscle mass.

PMID- 4039266
TI  - Serum creatine kinase activity following forearm flexion isometric exercise.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare serum creatine kinase (CK) activity
      following two forearm flexion isometric exercise regimens differing in work to
      rest ratio, and examine the CK response to a repeated bout of isometric exercise.
      Eleven males were tested on two sessions (bouts) spaced 1 week apart. For bout 1,
      five subjects (group A) performed a forearm flexion isometric exercise consisting
      of 40 10-s maximal contractions with 20-s inter-trial rests (10:20), while six
      (group B) performed 40 maximal 10-s contractions with 5-s inter-trial rests
      (10:5). The increase in serum CK activity following the 10:20 exercise (143%) was
      significantly greater than that following the 10:5 exercise (52%). The 10:20
      exercise was also associated with greater tension generation over trials. One
      week later, both groups performed a bout of 10:20 exercise. A substantial
      reduction in the serum CK response was found following this second bout. The data
      suggest that for bout 1 the isometric exercise associated with the greater
      overall tension levels resulted in the greater CK response. However, when the
      10:20 exercise was repeated 1 week later, a substantial reduction in the CK
      response was found which was unrelated to the tension generated.

PMID- 4039268
TI  - A revision of body surface area estimations.
AB  - The results from the present study indicate that the equation of Dubois and
      Dubois (1916), now in common use for estimating body surface area, is not the
      most accurate of those available. Our new equation is based on the measurement of
      body weight and upper calf circumference only. It accounts for a large percentage
      of the total variance (88.9%), and has a low standard error of estimate (0.05
      m2), which suggests that this equation may be more useful in the estimation of
      human body surface area than many of the equations previously produced. Direct
      comparisons of the accuracy of other workers' equations is difficult to assess
      due to the different methods by which the equations have been produced and
      expressed. We do not advocate the use of different equations for males and
      females because the data indicate that the present equation probably applies
      equally well to both sexes.

PMID- 4039267
TI  - Changes in venous blood content from active and inactive hindlimb during isotonic
      exercise.
AB  - Venous blood samples were obtained from either exercising (n = 9) or
      nonexercising (n = 8) hindlimb during a progressive isotonic exercise in rabbits
      anesthetized with urethane and chloralose. Each experimental session consisted of
      5-min nonexercise periods alternated with 6-min exercise periods, followed by a
      10-min postexercise period. During each exercise period, stimulation of the
      distal stump of the right sciatic nerve at 1 Hz induced plantar flexions which
      lifted loads comparable to 2, 5, 8, 30, or 50% of an afterload at which only an
      isometric tension developed. Free-flowing venous blood samples were obtained
      before the first exercise period, during the last minute of each exercise period,
      and 10 min following the last exercise session. Increases in [Na+], [K+] and
      lactate concentration were obtained in blood from active limbs. Only lactate
      concentration increased in blood from nonexercising limbs, while [K+] decreased
      slightly. Inferences concerning the vascular volume response to this protocol
      would be quite different depending on the blood sampling site. Changes in blood
      from inactive tissue, further, may indicate only saturation of homeostatic
      mechanisms which normally compensate for vascular volume alterations initiated in
      active tissue.

PMID- 4039269
TI  - Studies of the cellulolytic system of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414. Reaction
      specificity and thermodynamics of interactions of small substrates and ligands
      with the 1,4-beta-glucan cellobiohydrolase II.
AB  - The 1,4-beta-glucan cellobiohydrolase II (CBH II) from Trichoderma reesei QM 9414
      catalyses the hydrolysis of the 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glycosides derived
      from cellotriose, cellotetraose and cellopentaose [MeUmb(Glc)n; n = 3 - 5]. The
      reaction has been followed by quantitative high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Specific activity for cellobiose removal at apparent substrate
      saturation were determined as (0.8 +/- 0.2) min-1 for MeUmb(Glc)3 and (9 +/- 2)
      min-1 for MeUmb(Glc)4. The enzyme showed a deviant specificity with MeUmb(Glc)5
      as substrate. Two chromophoric products were formed simultaneously [MeUmb(Glc)3
      and MeUmb(Glc)2] with turn-over numbers (17 +/- 4) min-1 and (21 +/- 6) min-1,
      respectively. Methylumbelliferyl beta-glucoside (MeUmbGlc) and the corresponding
      cellobioside [MeUmb(Glc)2] were used in equilibrium binding experiments. Both
      ligands yielded one binding site per molecule of Mr = 54000 upon forced flow
      dialysis (diafiltration). The association constants found were in fair agreement
      with those determined from MeUmb fluorescence quenching titrations. Quenching was
      total at all temperatures investigated for MeUmb(Glc)2, whereas for MeUmbGlc it
      increased from 80% to 100% between 2 degrees C and 20 degrees C. The association
      constants fitted linear van't Hoff plots in both cases. MeUmb(Glc)2 and MeUmbGlc
      were also used as indicator ligands to determine the association constants and
      thermodynamic parameters of several non-chromophoric ligands of CBH II. The
      binding of glucose increased the affinity for MeUmb(Glc)2 whereas it displaced
      MeUmbGlc from its complex. A putative binding site of the CBH II containing four
      subsites can be proposed. The thermodynamic data for methyl beta-D
      glucopyranoside and cellobiose as ligands also point at an extended binding site.

PMID- 4039271
TI  - Cholera toxin enhances factor-dependent colony growth of murine mast cell
      progenitors.
AB  - Mast cell colonies were observed when mouse spleen or bone marrow cells were
      cultured in the presence of medium conditioned by concanavalin-A-stimulated
      spleen cells, indicating that the medium contains the factor(s) necessary for the
      formation of these colonies. This factor-dependent colony growth of mast cell
      progenitors was enhanced by cholera toxin and prostaglandin E, which act on
      cellular growth mainly by elevating the intracellular cyclic-AMP level. The
      effect of the toxin was neutralized by preincubation of the toxin with GM1
      ganglioside, the receptor substance for cholera toxin, suggesting that cholera
      toxin exerts its action through GM1 gangliosides present on mast cell
      progenitors. The toxin B subunit, which binds to GM1 ganglioside but does not
      elevate intracellular cyclic AMP level, did not affect the colony growth of mast
      cell progenitors. From these results, it is suggested that intracellular cyclic
      AMP levels may be involved in colony growth of mast cell progenitors.

PMID- 4039272
TI  - Regulation of [3H]forskolin binding to human platelet membranes by GppNHp, NaF,
      and prostaglandin E1.
AB  - Displaceable binding of [3H]forskolin to human platelet membranes can be detected
      in the presence of magnesium. There is an increase in the number of [3H]forskolin
      binding sites when membranes are incubated with GppNHp or NaF in the presence of
      magnesium. Prostaglandin E1, which stimulates human platelet adenylate cyclase,
      does not affect the binding of [3H]forskolin in the absence of GppNHp. However,
      the dose-response curve for the GppNHp-dependent increase in [3H]forskolin
      binding sites is shifted to lower concentrations in the presence of prostaglandin
      E1. Prostaglandin E1 potentiates the effect of GppNHp on [3H]forskolin binding
      most likely by facilitating the binding of the guanine nucleotide at the
      stimulatory quanine nucleotide regulatory protein of adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 4039270
TI  - omega-123I-hexadecanoic acid metabolic probe of cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The utility of omega-123I-hexadecanoic acid myocardial scintigraphy as a
      metabolic probe of cardiomyopathies was investigated. Sixteen patients with a
      variety of cardiomyopathies and myopathies that involve cardiac muscle and ten
      volunteers were imaged in the postabsorptive state in a 40 degrees LAO projection
      after a standard dose of omega-123I-hexadecanoic acid. An elimination T1/2 was
      calculated from the left ventricular myocardial time-activity curve. An uptake
      index, corrected for chest wall attenuation, was also computed in 7 of 10
      volunteers and 8 of 16 patients. Of the 16 patients, only 2 had distinctly
      abnormal omega-123I-hexadecanoic acid myocardial tracer kinetics. The first
      patient had a metabolic disorder of which carnitine deficiency was one component.
      The second patient had endocardial fibroelastosis, a process which has been
      linked to disorders which deprive the myocardium of oxygen and energy. Therefore,
      the cardiomyopathy may have been caused by some abnormality of cardiac metabolism
      other than carnitine deficiency. Although of limited utility in the overall
      cardiomyopathic population, omega-123I-hexadecanoic acid myocardial scintigraphy
      should be further investigated as a screening test for carnitine deficiency and
      related metabolic abnormalities in patients at risk.

PMID- 4039273
TI  - Two separate tyrosine protein kinases in human platelets.
AB  - Tyrosine protein kinase activities were detected in the cytosolic fraction (PC
      TPK) and the particulate fraction (PM-TPK) in human platelets using the synthetic
      peptide, E11G1 (Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly) as a substrate. PC
      TPK and PM-TPK were different in substrate specificities, divalent cation
      requirements and apparent Mr values. These results strongly suggest that in
      platelets there exist at least two separate tyrosine protein kinases; one is
      present in cytosol and the other might be associated with membranes.

PMID- 4039274
TI  - Inhibition of human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster oocytes by
      proteinase inhibitors.
AB  - The potential role of serine proteinase in the penetration of human spermatozoa
      into denuded (zona-free) hamster oocytes was investigated. Aryl 4
      guanidinobenzoates (10(-4) to 10(-6) M) and 4-aminobenzamidines (10(-3) and 10(
      4) M) decreased oocyte penetration when present throughout the assay system. More
      detailed studies with 8-quinolyl 4-guanidinobenzoate showed that this inhibitor
      also caused a large decrease in the penetration rate even when only present
      during the preincubation period of the spermatozoa to induce capacitation. Much
      smaller decreases were observed when this inhibitor was only present during
      sperm/egg incubation. By contrast, 4-aminobenzamidine caused a large decrease in
      the penetration rate when present during sperm/egg incubation but a much smaller
      one when present during the sperm's preincubation period. The primary action of
      the inhibitors was not due to a visible effect on sperm motility or forward
      progression, or to an effect on the oocyte, although treatment of oocytes with
      inhibitor caused a small decrease in penetration. Inhibition of sperm binding to
      the oolemma occurred also at times, but this was not directly correlated to the
      decrease in oocyte penetration. The results are consistent with the fact that a
      serine proteinase, presumably acrosin, is important for the capacitation,
      acrosome reaction, and/or oocyte penetration of human spermatozoa. The
      synthesized aryl 4-guanidinobenzoates are of interest as contraceptive agents
      because they possess phenols approved by the Food and Drug Administration (United
      States) for human use and should be relatively nontoxic.

PMID- 4039275
TI  - Reproductive development in male deer mice exposed to aggressive behavior.
AB  - Male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) were reared in a long photoperiod
      and housed individually from 3 weeks of age until they were killed 2, 4, or 6
      weeks later. Males that were exposed to aggressive females for 2 min, three times
      per week, were of normal body weight and healthy, but had smaller reproductive
      organs than did males exposed to a control treatment. Reproductive development in
      male deer mice is responsive to at least two classes of social stimuli:
      pheromones and aggressive behavior.

PMID- 4039276
TI  - Toxicity of cyclohexanone oxime. II. Acute dermal and subchronic oral studies.
AB  - Dermal exposure of rabbits to cyclohexanone oxime (CHO) for 24 hr at 0, 0.8, 2,
      and 5 g/kg caused dose-related reticulocytosis on the day after dosing as well as
      a decrease in hemoglobin in the 5-g/kg females 7 days postdosing. Gavage of rats
      5 days a week for 13 weeks at levels of 0, 0.25, 2.5, and 25 mg/kg resulted in a
      dose-related decrease in erythrocyte number, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, with an
      accompanying increase in circulating reticulocytes and nucleated erythrocytes, in
      both sexes. Also seen were corneal opacities and an increased incidence of Howell
      Jolly bodies. Results suggested an increased erythropoiesis in the spleen and
      bone marrow. The data from satellite groups terminated at 30 and 60 days revealed
      no effect at the lower test level, but results from the end of the study showed a
      clear cumulative dose response down to the 0.25-mg/kg level. Males were affected
      earlier and at lower doses than females. These results, along with those of a
      subacute study with a recovery period, suggest that CHO induces an oxidative
      attack on erythrocytes which appears reversible upon cessation of exposure.

PMID- 4039277
TI  - Annual and diurnal cycles in plasma testosterone and thyroxine in the male green
      sea turtle Chelonia mydas.
AB  - Male plasma testosterone (T) and thyroxine (T4) were monitored over several
      annual cycles in a captive breeding colony of green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas.
      Daily and annual water temperatures varied by only approximately 1 and 3 degrees,
      respectively. A pronounced season cycle in plasma T was evident in the population
      as a whole and in individual animals: plasma T was at a nadir (approximately 3
      ng/ml) in September-November and then increased progressively to a peak (27-39
      ng/ml) in April; levels began declining immediately thereafter, coincident with
      the onset of copulatory behavior. By contrast, plasma T4 remained uniform
      (approximately 9 ng/ml) throughout the year and, thus, could not readily account
      for the decline in androgen levels. Plasma hormones were relatively stable over a
      24-hr period at three times a year, and there was a correlation for individual
      plasma T levels sampled in April and May. Thus, limited sampling should allow
      identification of seasonal rhythms and individual variability in plasma T levels.
      Testis mass and spermatogenic activity were significantly greater in January than
      in September; i.e., spermatogenesis and androgen secretion were not "uncoupled."
      Copulatory activity began in April but did not peak until May-June, after plasma
      T had significantly declined. However, there was a significant (but weak)
      correlation between individual peak levels of plasma T (i.e., in April) and the
      quantitative level of mating activity (time spent mounting and number of mates)
      measured for the entire subsequent season. Thus, green turtles do not exhibit the
      "postnuptial" type of testis cycle typical of many temperate-zone turtles, and
      the levels of plasma androgen may be important for initiating and maintaining sex
      behavior, although they are not tightly linked during the mating season.

PMID- 4039278
TI  - Diel variations in arginine vasotocin content of goldfish brain and pituitary:
      effects of photoperiod and pinealectomy.
AB  - Arginine vasotocin (AVT) content was determined in the telencephalon, the
      hypothalamus, and the pituitary gland of sham-operated and pinealectomized
      goldfish subjected to 20 degrees and 12/12LD or 24DD photoperiods in winter or
      spring. The tissues collected at 1000 or 2200 hr were homogenized and extracted
      in acetic acid. Hypothalamic and telencephalic AVT content, determined by
      radioimmunoassay, fluctuated throughout the light-dark cycle; AVT content was
      higher at 2200 than at 1000 hr under the 12/12LD photoperiod. No fluctuations
      were detected in pituitary AVT content. Telencephalic AVT did not fluctuate under
      constant darkness, and hypothalamic AVT increased and pituitary AVT decreased
      compared to the AVT content detected in the 12/12LD groups. No significant
      effects of pinealectomy or season on AVT levels in the telencephalon,
      hypothalamus, and the pituitary were evident. The results indicate that AVT
      content within the preoptico-neurohypophyseal system of the goldfish fluctuate
      within 24-hr periods and that photoperiod has an effect on the pattern of these
      fluctuations. The photoperiodic influences do not seem to be mediated by the
      pineal organ.

PMID- 4039279
TI  - The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha analog on the plasma concentration of
      progesterone in the bandicoot, Isoodon macrourus (Marsupialia:Peramelidae),
      during lactation.
AB  - Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) analog was administered to bandicoots during
      lactation to determine whether PGF2 alpha is involved in the regression of the
      marsupial corpus luteum. The concentration of progesterone in the plasma, and the
      morphology of the corpus luteum were monitored following PGF analog treatment.
      When the drug was administered early in lactation, there was no apparent change
      in luteal function. However, when PGF analog was administered on Days 30 and 31
      of lactation an immediate decrease in plasma progesterone concentration to 0.1
      ng/ml was observed and regression of the corpora lutea was observed by Day 36.
      The corpus luteum of numerous eutherian species is resistant to the luteolytic
      effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha in the early luteal phase. The corpus luteum of
      the bandicoot appears to be resistant in a similar manner during early lactation.

PMID- 4039280
TI  - Presence of immunoreactive melatonin in different tissues of the pigeon (Columba
      livia).
AB  - The distribution of melatonin was studied at midday and midnight in pigeon
      plasma, pineal, hypothalamus, eyes, Harderian glands, and duodenum. Tissue
      samples were homogenized, extracted with chloroform, evaporated, and measured by
      our melatonin radioimmunoassay (RIA). All the extracts gave dilution curves
      parallel to that of synthetic melatonin and eluted in reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as synthetic melatonin indicating that
      the immunoreactivity was due to endogenous melatonin in pigeon tissues. Melatonin
      was found to be present in pigeon plasma, pineal, hypothalamus, eyes, Harderian
      glands, and duodenum. In all tissues it had a clear diurnal variation with low
      levels at midday and high levels at midnight. The highest amounts of melatonin
      were found in the eyes, duodenum, and the pineal so that extrapineal melatonin
      exceeded pineal melatonin. Further studies are needed to evaluate the
      significance of extrapineal melatonin.

PMID- 4039281
TI  - [Effect of cell respiration inhibitors on the formation of structural mutations
      in human lymphocytes irradiated at different stages of the mitotic cycle].
AB  - Human lymphocytes were irradiated by 60Co gamma-rays after 0, 10, 20, 35, 45, 48
      and 49.5 h of incubation. Immediately after irradiation sodium cyanide, sodium
      fluoride or monoiodoacetic acid was given for 2.5 h. Non-irradiated cells were
      subjected to the same treatments. Chromosomal aberrations were analysed in
      metaphase cells of the first mitosis. When administered alone, all chemicals
      increased the frequency of chromatid aberrations. The special analysis showed
      that these chemicals were not mutagens in a strict sense, as the observed
      increase of aberration frequency was due to inhibition of repair processes, which
      increased the probability of manifestation of spontaneous changes (so-called
      "pseudomutagenesis"). The same chemicals increased the frequency of radiation
      induced aberrations during two periods of the mitotic cycle, namely, in the end
      of the G1 stage and in the G2 stage. It has been recently shown that the
      inhibitor of DNA synthesis, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, increased the frequency of
      radiation-induced aberrations during the same periods. It follows that the
      process of repair proceeding during these periods requires both DNA synthesis and
      energy supply.

PMID- 4039282
TI  - [Action potential conduction velocity along the caudal and tibial nerves in rat
      strains selected for excitability of the neuromuscular system].
AB  - The study was performed on 2 lines of rat selected for high (H) and low (L)
      excitability threshold of the nervous-muscle apparatus. H-line rats have higher
      values of spike conduction velocity in caudal and tibial nerves, as compared to
      those obtained in L-line rats. It is suggested that behavioral differences
      between these two lines of rat may be connected with changes of neurological
      characters both of peripheral and central nervous system, as a result of
      selection.

PMID- 4039283
TI  - [Genetic nature of atrophic rhinitis in swine. II. Cytogenetic research].
AB  - This work is concerned with the problem of the nature of the atrophic rhinitis in
      swine. Our study demonstrates that the filter-passers when injecting intranasal
      provoke catarrhal rhinitis in sucking-pigs and rabbits and the disease lasts 10
      12 days. Guinea-pigs and white mice show no disease symptoms after injection.
      After four passages of filter-passers through sucking-pigs, the pathogenic
      properties do not restore. The sucking-pigs and laboratory animals show no
      changes in organs and in nasal cavity. The findings of cytogenetic and allergic
      investigations indicate genetic aspects of this disease. To eliminate atrophic
      rhinitis, it is necessary to reveal heterozygotes, carry out experimental matings
      and analysis of hybrids. To date, a recessive gene is considered to mediate the
      disease. To obtain healthy offspring, animals heterozygous for this gene should
      be bred.

PMID- 4039284
TI  - [Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the intensity of the mutation process.
      I. Formulation of the task and the general model].
AB  - Methodology is devised to construct dynamic models of the mutation process
      intensity under quasi-stationary environmental conditions and limited
      experimental information. Laws of distribution of unknown parameters of dynamic
      models and prognostic values of inherited pathology frequencies were determined
      for the cases of normal distribution with zero mathematical expectancy and
      constant dispersion of casual environmental influence. Given is the algorithm of
      dynamic model construction on frequencies of inherited pathology, using
      experimental data and on the basis of determination of permissible intervals for
      their prognostic values.

PMID- 4039285
TI  - Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion during cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum therapy in a patient with an ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Case report of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. (SIADH) developing
      in a patient treated with cis-dichlorodiamine platinum for an endometrioid
      carcinoma of the ovary. This syndrome has not been reported with this tumor type
      and no other drugs known to cause SIADH were administered.

PMID- 4039286
TI  - High-dose metoclopramide as an antiemetic in patients receiving cis-platinum
      based combination chemotherapy.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with advanced malignancies, who received cis-platinum-based
      combination chemotherapy, were evaluated for the antiemetic efficacy of high-dose
      metoclopramide. Most of the patients suffered from ovarian carcinoma. The dose of
      metoclopramide was 7.5 or 10 mg/kg per course. A total of 69 courses were given
      to 37 patients and in 22% of the courses, nausea and vomiting were eliminated
      altogether. In an additional 48% of the courses, a partial protection from
      chemotherapy-induced emesis was evident. No serious side effects were observed.
      The administration of high-dose metoclopramide is recommended for prevention of
      cis-platinum chemotherapy-induced emesis.

PMID- 4039287
TI  - Development of methotrexate-resistant human choriocarcinoma cells in culture.
AB  - A human choriocarcinoma cell line, HCCM-5, was fed with medium containing
      increasing concentrations of methotrexate (MTX). The initial MTX concentration,
      10(-9) M which reduced the [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA, was raised from
      2- to 2.5-fold successively. After about 36 weeks of feeding, the cells became
      resistant to 5 X 10(-7) M which produced complete inhibition of the parent HCCM-5
      cell growth. The parent line and its MTX-resistant subline (HCCM-5MTXr) had
      almost the same population doubling time. There were no apparent differences in
      morphology and human chorionic gonadotropin secretion between the two cell lines.
      The development of resistance was accompanied by a 10-fold decrease in the 3H-MTX
      uptake and a 5-fold elevation of the intracellular dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
      activity. The impairment of MTX transport in HCCM-5MTXr cells continued after
      transferring the HCCM-5MTXr cells into MTX-free medium, whereas the DHFR activity
      returned to the level found in the HCCM-5 cells. These results indicate that the
      MTX resistance acquired in choriocarcinoma cells chiefly involves the impaired
      transport of MTX and continues after the deprivation of the drug.

PMID- 4039288
TI  - [Animal experiments of neuroma treatment with histoacryl].
AB  - A neuroma arises due to uncoordinated growth of axis cylinders in proliferated
      granulation tissue. An intact perineurial tube prevents further growth of the
      funiculi. Animal experiments were designed to close the perineurial tube such
      that it was impervious to water. Earlier experiments with purse string suture of
      the perineurial tube or closure with Histoacryl were not always successful. After
      severance of the sciatic nerve of the rat and shortening of the axons, the
      epineurial tube was plugged with Histoacryl blue and closed so that it was
      impervious to water. The preparations were checked optically and histologically.
      The results were promising, so that this technique was applied clinically.

PMID- 4039289
TI  - [Chronopharmacological study of physical dependence on morphine in rats].
AB  - Relationship between withdrawal time or naloxone injection time and withdrawal
      signs were examined in morphine-treated rats. Sixty-five rats were treated
      chronically with morphine-admixed food (1 mg/g food) for 7 days and were divided
      into 13 groups. The rats of 4 groups were abruptly withdrawn from morphine, and
      the rats of another 4 groups were given naloxone (3 mg/kg, s.c.) at 20:00 on the
      8 th day and 2:00, 8:00 and 14:00 on the 9 th day after the morphine
      administration, respectively. Withdrawal signs were observed at intervals of 2
      hr. After each naloxone injection, abnormal behaviors were observed for 60 min,
      and body weight was measured for 3 hr at intervals of 15 or 30 min. In the
      withdrawal test, weight loss at 24 hr after withdrawal in each group was
      approximately 10%, and there was no difference between each group. However, the
      body weight of non-treated rats and morphine-treated rats increased during the
      night period (20:00-8:00) and decreased during the daytime (8:00-20:00).
      Therefore, body weight reached the minimum at 20:00, and then this time is
      appropriated for withdrawal. In the naloxone test, withdrawal signs in the night
      period were more potent than that in the daytime. The withdrawal signs induced by
      naloxone at 8:00 showed the maximum magnitude. Plasma morphine levels in rats
      treated with morphine-admixed food were high in the night period and low in the
      daytime. These results suggest that the magnitude of naloxone-precipitated
      withdrawal signs depends on the amount of morphine in the plasma.

PMID- 4039290
TI  - [Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: surgical treatment and results].
AB  - The natural history of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is characterized,
      in particular, in younger patients by sudden cardiac death, in the majority of
      patients by progressive congestive heart failure [14, 26, 27, 33-36]. With the
      aid of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers and
      antiarrhythmic agents the clinical outlook for most of the patients can be
      improved [17, 19, 23, 28]. Patients who do not respond to medical treatment can
      be regarded as possible candidates for surgical revision of the left ventricular
      outflow tract. In consideration of surgical treatment, two morphologic and
      hemodynamic forms of the disease must be differentiated: the typical subaortic
      muscular hypertrophy in the region of the outflow tract and the atypical, more
      mid-ventricular muscular hypertrophy with systolic entrapment of a distal portion
      of the ventricle in which frequently a typical subaortic hypertrophy also may be
      present [15, 43]. As a result of septal subvalvular hypertrophy which may
      substantially compromise left ventricular ejection during systolic contraction,
      in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy there is a deviation of the left
      ventricular major axis, dyscoordination in the sequence of contraction,
      hypertrophy of the left ventricular walls, diminished diastolic compliance and,
      to a varying extent, mitral regurgitation. Diagnostically useful findings are a
      mid-systolic murmur at the aortic valve, bisferiens carotis pulse, systolic
      pressure gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta and a
      postextrasystolic paradoxical pressure response. Echocardiographically,
      asymmetric septal hypertrophy, systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral
      valve leaflet, premature mid-systolic closure of the aortic valve and an enlarged
      left atrium will be detected. Surgical intervention is indicated for patients
      with class III clinical symptoms (NYHA) not amenable to medical treatment and
      pressure gradients between left ventricle and aorta, at rest or
      postextrasystolically, in excess of 50 mm Hg. An overview of the variety of
      surgical approaches and procedures employed for hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy is provided by Table 1. From initial attempts to eliminate the
      outflow tract obstruction by myotomy, the subvalvular myectomy was developed in
      which an about 1 cm wide section of muscle is resected; this procedure can be
      carried out from a transaortic, transatrial or transventricular approach [4, 9,
      21, 22, 24, 38, 39, 47]. Under the assumption that the anterior motion of the
      anterior mitral valve leaflet contributes to systolic obstruction, some authors
      recommended reconstructive procedures or replacement of the mitral
      valve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4039291
TI  - Indices of left ventricular systolic function derived by computer analysis of
      digitised M-mode echocardiograms.
AB  - In order to determine the value of computer-assisted analysis of echocardiograms
      we digitised 980 M-mode studies in normal subjects and patients with pressure and
      volume overload and heart muscle disease to derive left ventricular dimensions
      (D), peak systolic rate of change of dimension, normalized for instantaneous
      dimension (dD/dt/D), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf)
      and percentage fractional shortening (%FS). The systolic phase indices which, in
      these patients averaged greater than normal in those with aortic stenosis and
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and lower than normal in those with aortic
      regurgitation, mitral stenosis and dilated cardiomyopathy, were closely related
      to each other in all categories of patients. Measurement of % FS appears to
      describe left ventricular function as well as the more complex indices (mean Vcf,
      peak dD/dt/D).

PMID- 4039292
TI  - [Noninvasive and invasive study procedures in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Noninvasive and invasive diagnostic procedures permit a differentiated insight
      into the hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. For a better understanding of the
      disease, classification according to morphologic and functional criteria was
      introduced. It has proven useful to subdivide hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy into two types: idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and
      midventricular obstruction; hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathies can be
      subdivided into two forms designated as asymmetrical septal hypertrophy and
      apical hypertrophy. Combined forms can also be recognized. With a high degree of
      accuracy, it is possible to differentiate between hypertrophic obstructive and
      hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy by means of noninvasive procedures
      such as clinical examination, electrocardiography, mechanocardiography and, above
      all, echocardiography. Experience has shown that two-dimensional
      echocardiography, in particular, has assumed an especially important role, the
      value of which approaches that of cardiac catheterization. In this overview,
      emphasis is placed on the diagnostic peculiarities of idiopathic hypertrophic
      subaortic stenosis as well as the findings in midventricular obstruction and
      apical hypertrophy. In the past, only relatively little attention has been
      focused on the latter subgroups even though they can be diagnosed with a high
      degree of accuracy with noninvasive as well as invasive procedures.

PMID- 4039293
TI  - [Drug treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Both, beta-receptor blocking agents and calcium-antagonists have been proven to
      be very effective in the treatment of idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In
      the vast majority of patients they lead to a significant reduction of the
      predominant clinical symptoms--angina and dyspnea--or even abolish them. Since
      beta-blockers primarily act on the contractile behaviour of the left ventricle
      they are especially suited in the obstructive form of the disease where they
      reduce outflow tract obstruction. In contrast, calcium-antagonists seem to mainly
      influence diastolic muscle mechanics by increasing diastolic distensibility, and
      thus may be indicated in the nonobstructive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
      In cases with severe, life-threatening arrhythmias especially if associated with
      syncope, an antiarrhythmic therapy is mandatory.

PMID- 4039294
TI  - [Appraisal of ultradian components in the ethosecretogram of rat].
AB  - An ethosecretogram, which illustrates phase relation between animal's behavior
      and plasma hormone levels, was constructed in conscious rats. A catheter was
      placed into the right atrium in male rats at least 2 days prior to blood
      sampling. Plasma corticosterone levels were monitored individually through the
      catheter every 5 min over a period of several hours under freely moving
      conditions on an Animex which records spontaneous locomotor activity.
      Furthermore, phase relation of ultradian components in both variables were
      analyzed in separate series of experiments. Results obtained are as follows; Both
      locomotor activity and plasma corticosterone level in the ethosecretogram
      exhibited ultradian components with a 60-90 min cycle. Ultradian components of
      both variables were phase-locked, the bursts of locomotor activity preceding the
      hormone peak by 15 min. As to the type of locomotor activity, feeding and
      grooming were significantly correlated with a subsequent hormone elevation,
      whereas drinking was not. Feeding-induced hormonal elevation was greater in
      response at dark phase (especially at midnight) than at light phase. Drinking of
      glucose solution induced a hormone elevation similar to feeding, whereas
      intravenous infusion of glucose solution did not. Feeding-induced hormone
      elevation was not abolished even when the vagi were effectively cut at a
      subdiaphragmatic level. It was assumed that the information from digestive organs
      to the CNS was not transmitted neurally via the sensory vagal nerves, but
      humorally via a humoral factor(s) released from digestive organs.

PMID- 4039295
TI  - Body composition in adopted and biological siblings.

PMID- 4039296
TI  - Angled aorta ("sigmoid septum") as a cause of hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
AB  - Review of the hearts of seven patients in whom hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy had been diagnosed by the usual clinical and morphologic criteria
      revealed diminished angles between the interventricular septa and ascending
      aortas in three cases. The angles in these three hearts were 90 to 110 degrees,
      as compared with a mean value of 145 degrees in the other four hearts with
      hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and 140 +/- 14 degrees in 55 control
      hearts. None of the patients with hypertrophic subaortic stenoses and angled
      aortic roots died of the heart disease, and none had either asymmetric
      ventricular hypertrophy or evidence of familial cardiomyopathy. It is proposed
      that in patients with angled aortic roots and left ventricular hypertrophy,
      subaortic obstruction may develop due to narrowing of the left ventricular
      outflow tract, resulting in clinical and morphologic findings of hypertrophic
      obstructive cardiomyopathy. In hearts with angled aortic roots the top of the
      ventricular septum is tipped toward the mitral valve, rather than tapered toward
      the aorta, as in normal hearts. This configuration narrows the outflow tract of
      the left ventricle and can result in systolic anterior motion of the mitral
      valve, the illusion of asymmetric septal hypertrophy when studied by M-mode
      echocardiography, a subaortic pressure gradient, and a subaortic endocardial
      plaque. This less serious form of hypertrophic subaortic stenosis should be
      distinguished from other forms of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4039297
TI  - Congenital stenotic arteriopathy with medial dysplasia.
AB  - An unusual, uniformly stenotic arteriopathy involving the aorta and its major
      branches, the pulmonary trunk, and the left and right pulmonary arteries was
      found in association with a persistent common atrioventricular canal in an
      otherwise normal stillborn female infant. The uniform arterial thickening was due
      to hyperplastic medial elastic laminae, which were in an orderly arrangement in
      the inner two thirds but dysplastic in the outer third of the media of the
      arteries.

PMID- 4039298
TI  - The role of DNA synthesis in peptidoglycan-induced generation of immunoglobulin
      secreting cells in mice and humans.
AB  - The requirement for DNA synthesis in peptidoglycan (PG)-induced activation of
      polyclonal antibodies has been studied. Inhibition of DNA synthesis with
      mitomycin C or hydroxyurea at the initiation of the cultures inhibited generation
      of over 90% of IgM- and IgG-secreting cells in PG-stimulated mouse splenocytes
      and of over 99.9% of IgM-, IgG- and IgA-secreting cells in PG-stimulated human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes. Inhibition of DNA synthesis 2 to 4 days after
      initiation of PG-stimulated cultures (in both mice and humans) caused an
      immediate decline in the numbers of Ig-secreting cells. These results demonstrate
      that the magnitude of PG-induced polyclonal antibody response depends on
      continued DNA synthesis and proliferation of Ig-secreting cells, and indicate
      that IgM-, IgG- and IgA-secreting cells in polyclonal activation may be actively
      cycling cells.

PMID- 4039300
TI  - The distribution of oestradiol in plasma from postmenopausal women with or
      without breast cancer: relationships with metabolic clearance rates of
      oestradiol.
AB  - The distribution of oestradiol in plasma from postmenopausal women with or
      without breast cancer has been measured and related to the metabolic clearance
      rates of oestradiol (MCR-E2). All measurements were carried out preoperatively.
      No difference in the free fraction of oestradiol was found between women with
      breast cancer (1.8 +/- 0.4%, mean +/- SD) and normal women (1.6 +/- 0.3%).
      Approximately 40% of oestradiol in plasma was bound to albumin with 60% bound to
      sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), but values were similar for women with or
      without breast cancer. Concentrations of total unconjugated oestradiol and free
      oestradiol (2.4 +/- 0.5 ng/100 ml and 44 +/- 12 pg/100 ml respectively, mean +/-
      SD, n = 9) were significantly higher in plasma from postmenopausal women with
      breast cancer compared with levels in plasma from normal postmenopausal women
      (1.8 +/- 0.5 ng/100 ml and 27 +/- 10 pg/100 ml, n = 8). A significant correlation
      was found between the free oestradiol fraction and MCR-E2 (r = 0.53, p less than
      0.05). Correlations were also found between the fractions of oestradiol bound to
      albumin and MCR-E2 (r = 0.45). From correlations between the binding capacity of
      SHBG and MCR-E2 it appears that, for a given level of SHBG, MCR-E2 may be higher
      in women with breast cancer.

PMID- 4039299
TI  - Nonimmune binding of equine immunoglobulin by the causative organism of
      contagious equine metritis, Taylorella equigenitalis.
AB  - This study identifies nonimmune binding of equine immunoglobulin by the causative
      organism of contagious equine metritis. Immunoglobulin binding to the bacterium
      was strongest for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and less for IgM; IgA was not bound.
      Binding of equine IgG was inhibited by human IgG, but not by IgG of domestic
      animals. Immunoglobulin binding by the bacterium appeared to be directed towards
      an epitope in the hinge region of the immunoglobulin molecule.

PMID- 4039302
TI  - Three different types of alpha-interferons alter naloxone-induced abstinence in
      morphine-addicted rats.
AB  - The opiate abstinence syndrome represents a fundamental feature of the addictive
      process, with the degree of addiction being directly correlated to the intensity
      of withdrawal. Therefore, the discovery of substances capable of attenuating
      withdrawal signs may provide insights into the dynamics of opiate addiction. The
      present study demonstrates that three different types of alpha-interferons modify
      the behavioral signs associated with naloxone-induced abstinence in rats addicted
      to morphine. These observations suggest that opiate addiction may, in part, be
      due to an immune response in that immunomodulators (interferon) are capable of
      altering the naloxone-induced abstinence syndrome in morphine-dependent rats.

PMID- 4039301
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma following chronic otitis media.

PMID- 4039303
TI  - Platinum based combined modality approach for locally advanced head and neck
      carcinoma.
AB  - Radiation therapy delivered soon after cisplatin administration is used for the
      treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. A radiation dose of 4800 cGy is given
      in standard fractions, followed by clinical evaluation and either surgical
      resection or an additional radiation dose of 2000 cGy. The histopathology of the
      surgical specimens from 21 patients undergoing resection in this protocol is
      compared with the corresponding clinical evaluation of tumor response. A
      significant number of both false negative and false positive clinical assessments
      are revealed by this comparison. In addition, it appears that local control of
      bulky head and neck cancer is approached by 4800 cGy combined soon after
      cisplatin. Discussion of the likely bases for this apparently favorable clinical
      interaction between cisplatin and radiation is presented.

PMID- 4039305
TI  - Illegal distribution of animal drugs.

PMID- 4039304
TI  - Radiosensitization of EMT6 cells by four platinum complexes.
AB  - The greatest research effort in producing radiation sensitizers has been directed
      toward organic compounds. However, platinum complexes also have radiosensitizing
      capabilities, perhaps because they bind to DNA. The compound described here are
      dichloro complexes of bivalent platinum with one or two potentially
      radiosensitizing ligands. The radiosensitization of oxygenated and hypoxic
      exponentially growing EMT6 cells in vitro was measured. The dose modifying
      factors obtained with 200 microM and 400 microM trans-bis(2
      nitroimidazole)dichloroplatinum II (NIPt) in hypoxic cells were 1.5 and 2.1,
      respectively. For trans-bis(2-amino-5-nitrothiazole)dichloroplatinum II (Plant)
      under the same conditions, the dose modifying factor was 1.5 at 200 microM and
      1.8 at 400 microM. Neither compound sensitized oxygenated cells when tested
      similar protocols. Unlike the trans complexes, (1,2-diamino-4
      nitrobenzene)dichloroplatinum II (Plato) was cytotoxic toward the hypoxic cells
      in the absence of X rays. The time course of cytotoxicity for 100 microM Plato in
      exponentially growing cells showed rapid killing of hypoxic cells, and much less
      toxicity toward oxygenated cells. In radiosensitization studies, dose modifying
      factors of 1.6 and 2.0 were found with 200 microM and 400 microM Plato in hypoxic
      cells. The compound did not sensitize aerobic cells. The well-known platinum
      complex cis-dipyridinedichloroplatinum II (PyPt) represents a cis-platinum
      heterocyclic aromatic complex that does not have a nitro-functionality. The dose
      modifying factor obtained with 400 microM PyPt in hypoxic cells was 1.7. On a
      molar basis, the nitro-functional platinum complexes appear to be more effective
      as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers than the corresponding free ligands.

PMID- 4039306
TI  - Phycomycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus in two horses.
AB  - Basidiobolus haptosporus was isolated from a horse with a rapidly progressive
      ulcerative lesion of the ventral midline. The pathologic findings of an irregular
      line of yellow material composed of hyphae, eosinophils, and granulomatous
      inflammation between the superficial edematous tissue and the underlying muscle,
      and hyphae in tissue sections intimately surrounded by granular eosinophilic
      cuffs were considered diagnostic for this and one other case diagnosed
      retrospectively. Both horses were successfully treated by surgery and potassium
      iodide.

PMID- 4039307
TI  - Feedlot performance of hysterectomized and ovariectomized heifers.
AB  - Seventy-five crossbred heifers (mean weight 304 kg) were stratified by weight and
      source and placed in eight pens. Four duplicate treatments were randomly assigned
      to pens as follows: (1) intact-control (n = 19), (2) intact + melengestrol
      acetate (MGA, n = 20), (3) hysterectomy (n = 17) and (4) ovariectomy (OVX, n =
      19). All heifers were preconditioned for 2 mo before beginning the finishing
      study. Surgery was performed through a high lumbar incision approximately 3 wk
      before the finishing study began. Group 2 heifers were fed .4 mg X head-1 X d-1
      MGA. Blood samples were collected at 28-d intervals throughout the 112-d
      finishing phase. Ovaries were collected at slaughter and carcass data were
      obtained 24 h after slaughter. On d 112, progesterone was higher (P less than
      .05) in hysterectomized heifers than in other treatment groups. Serum
      progesterone concentration was nondetectable (less than .35 ng/ml) in OVX and MGA
      heifers. There were no differences (P greater than .05) in feed efficiency or
      carcass characteristics among the four treatments. Hysterectomized and MGA
      heifers had similar (P greater than .05) average daily gains, which were higher
      (P less than .15) than control and OVX heifers. These data suggest that the
      elevated levels of progesterone from the maintained corpora lutea and the
      subsequent absence of estrous activity in the hysterectomized heifers are
      advantageous for promoting growth in feedlot heifers.

PMID- 4039308
TI  - Genetic, phenotypic and environmental relationships between sow body weight and
      sow productivity traits.
AB  - Yorkshire and Duroc litter records were used to estimate genetic, phenotypic and
      environmental relationships between sow body weight and sow productivity traits.
      Two data sets with two subsets each were used to complete this study; 663 and 460
      records included litter traits only, while 522 and 359 records also contained sow
      body weight for Yorkshires and Durocs, respectively. Heritability estimates for
      number born (NB), number born alive (NBA), total birth weight of live pigs
      (BWLIT), litter weight at 3 wk (WT3WK), sow weight at parturition (WTDAMPAR) and
      sow weight at weaning (WTDAMWN) were .24 +/- .14, .21 +/- .14, .42 +/- .16, .19
      +/- .14, .72 +/- .21 and .42 +/- .18, respectively, for Yorkshires and .05 +/-
      .10, .04 +/- .10, .21 +/- .14, .25 +/- .15, .85 +/- .25 and .87 +/- .26,
      respectively, for the Durocs. Repeatability estimates for NB, NBA, BWLIT, WT3WK,
      WTDAMPAR and WTDAMWN were .13 +/- .06, .17 +/- .06, .27 +/- .06, .13 +/- .06, .64
      +/- .05 and .54 +/- .05, respectively, for Yorkshires and .17 +/- .06, .21 +/-
      .06, .14 +/- .06, .17 +/- .06, .28 +/- .07 and .39 +/- .07, respectively, for
      Durocs. Genetic correlations among litter traits were high and positive in the
      Yorkshire data. Genetic correlations between NBA and WTDAMPAR, NBA and WTDAMWN,
      WT3WK and WTDAMPAR, and WT3WK and WTDAMWN were .37 +/- .25, .18 +/- .34, .60 +/-
      .29 and .29 +/- .45, respectively, in the Yorkshire data. Genetic correlations
      among litter traits in the Duroc analysis had large standard errors but were
      generally similar to the estimates obtained from the Yorkshire data. The genetic
      correlation between WTDAMPAR and WTDAMWN was .93 +/- .09 for Yorkshire sows. The
      primary conclusion from this study is that as selection increases sow
      productivity traits, there will be a positive correlated response in sow body
      weight.

PMID- 4039309
TI  - Effect of ovarian follicles on luteal regression in heifers.
AB  - Our objectives were to determine whether or not ovarian follicles contribute to
      spontaneous luteal regression in heifers and, if so, when during diestrus do
      follicles exert their effect. Thirty-one Holstein heifers having displayed at
      least one estrous cycle (19 to 21 d) were assigned, as available, to randomized
      blocks for a factorial experiment. Reproductive organs were exposed through a
      midventral incision on d 9, 12 or 15 postestrus (estrus = d 0). Visible follicles
      were electrocauterized and both ovaries were x-irradiated (1,500 rads) in treated
      heifers, whereas ovaries of controls were exteriorized but follicles were not
      destroyed and ovaries were not x-irradiated. In two additional heifers, the ovary
      containing the corpus luteum was exteriorized and x-irradiated on d 15
      postestrus, but follicles were not electrocauterized. Jugular blood was collected
      before and every 8 h after surgery until d 24 postestrus. All heifers were
      ovariectomized on d 24 postestrus to inventory follicles and to weigh corpora
      lutea. No follicles (greater than or equal to 1 mm diameter) were observed in
      ovaries from treated animals and concentrations of estradiol-17 beta did not
      change over time, whereas different numbers of follicles were observed in ovaries
      from controls and concentrations of estradiol-17 beta increased (P less than .05)
      during proestrus. Hence, treatment destroyed follicles and prevented follicular
      development. On d 24 postestrus, corpora lutea from treated heifers (5.5 +/- .5
      g) were heavier (P less than .001) than corpora lutea from controls (1.1 +/- .1
      g), independent of day when follicles were destroyed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4039310
TI  - Inhibition of bovine luteal function by indomethacin.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of infusing indomethacin, a
      prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, into the uterine lumen on the development and
      function of the bovine corpus luteum in the presence and absence of concurrently
      administered oxytocin. Each treatment was given twice daily on d 4, 5 and 6 of
      the estrous cycle. Treatments (six heifers/group) and resulting estrous cycle
      lengths were as follows: (1) untreated controls, 20.6 +/- .4 d; (2) .2 M
      phosphate buffer vehicle infused into the uterine lumen, 21.0 +/- .6 d; (3) 40 mg
      indomethacin infused into the body of the uterus, 16.5 +/- 1.0 d; (4) 150 USP
      units oxytocin injected sc, 10.0 +/- 1.2 d and (5) a combination of oxytocin and
      indomethacin as in treatments 3 and 4, 14.1 +/- 1.3 d. Plasma concentrations of
      progesterone were lower (P less than .05) in each treatment group from d 7
      onward, when compared with untreated and vehicle-treated controls. Indomethacin
      alone effectively inhibited the development and function of the corpus luteum,
      and was without effect on oxytocin-induced inhibition of luteal function. In
      summary, it appears that a prostaglandin of either uterine or ovarian origin, or
      both, is required for the normal development and function of the bovine corpus
      luteum.

PMID- 4039311
TI  - Comparisons of specific crosses from Duroc, Hampshire and Spot backcross sows.
AB  - One hundred 3/4 Duroc-1/4 Landrace (DDL), 3/4 Hampshire-1/4 Landrace (HHL) and
      3/4 Spot-1/4 Landrace (SSL) backcross sows were randomly mated to Yorkshire boars
      to produce a total of 299 litters and 3,271 pigs to determine the effect of dam
      breeding on preweaning and postweaning performance of the pigs and litters.
      Litter sizes born and born alive were not significantly different among the three
      dam breeds studied. However, litter sizes alive at 21 d out of HHL sows were
      significantly larger than litter sizes out of SSL sows, while the litter sizes
      out of DDL sows were intermediate to the other two dam breeds. The DDL sows had
      significantly heavier litters at birth than did SSL sows, but the dam breeds did
      not differ in the weights of their litters at 21 and 42 d. Pigs out of DDL sows
      were heaviest at birth but weighed the least at 21 d, while pigs out of SSL sows
      were heaviest at 21 and 42 d of age. Pigs out of HHL sows weighed the least at
      birth and at 42 d. There were no significant differences among the dam breeds in
      the survival rate of their pigs. In the postweaning period, pigs out of HHL sows
      were the slowest growing and took the most days to reach 100 kg. Feed conversion
      and average daily feed consumption did not differ significantly among the three
      dam breeds studied.

PMID- 4039312
TI  - Effect of dietary crude protein level on the reproductive performance and growth
      of New Zealand white rabbits.
AB  - An experiment utilizing 391 preweaning and 187 postweaning litter records from
      145 does was conducted for 12 mo to determine the effect of dietary crude protein
      level on performance of commercial New Zealand White rabbits. Does and their
      litters were fed alfalfa-based pelleted diets containing either 17.5, 19 or 20.5%
      crude protein (CP). In a separate experiment, the 17.5 and 20.5% CP diets were
      fed during lactation to 10 does to determine nitrogen (N) digestibility and
      retention. Body weights of does fed 17.5% CP were lower (P less than .01) than
      for the other treatments after 21 and 28 d of lactation. No differences (P
      greater than .10) were observed for doe weight at kindling, percentage fertility,
      litter size, preweaning litter mortality, 1- to 21-d consumption, preweaning feed
      efficiency and 28- to 56-d average daily consumption, average daily gain and
      average weight. Total born tended to be higher (P = .07) on higher protein levels
      but percentage born alive was greatest (P less than .01) on the 17.5% CP diet.
      Does fed 19% CP tended to have a greater number of parities (P = .06). Other
      significant differences observed for preweaning litter traits were between 17.5
      and 19% CP groups. Does fed 19% CP had heavier litters at birth (P less than
      .01), at 21 d (P = .05) and 28 d (P = .06) and had greater 1- to 21-d litter
      gains and 21- to 28-d consumption (P = .05) than those fed 17.5% CP. For
      postweaning performance, feed efficiency values were lowest and mortality was
      highest for litters fed 20.5% CP. When litters were switched to different diets
      after weaning, mortality tended to be higher (P = .07) for animals that were fed
      20.5% CP before weaning. The month of experiment effect did not influence any of
      the characters studied (P greater than .05). Parity number was important for
      percentage fertility, percentage born alive, litter birth weight and doe weight
      at 21 and 28 d (P less than .05). Does at first parity showed the poorest
      performance for all traits (except percentage fertility). Fertility fluctuated
      throughout the first four parities and then steadily declined. Does fed 20.5% CP
      had greater apparent dry matter and acid detergent fiber digestibilities and N
      intakes (P less than .05) and retained 90% more N during lactation (P = .22) than
      does fed 17.5% CP. Milk production and CP digestibility did not differ between
      the two diets tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4039313
TI  - Regression of induced corpora lutea by human chorionic gonadotropin in prepuberal
      gilts.
AB  - The effect of daily injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on luteal
      maintenance in hysterectomized prepuberal gilts induced to ovulate and in
      hysterectomized mature gilts was studied. Twenty-four pre-puberal gilts, 120 to
      130 d of age, were induced to ovulate with 1,000 IU pregnant mare serum
      gonadotropin followed 72 h later with 500 IU HCG. Nine of the 24 prepuberal gilts
      (bred controls) were artificially inseminated on d 0 (d 0 = d after HCG). Mature
      gilts that had displayed one or more estrous cycles of 17 to 22 d were used (d 0
      = onset of estrus). All gilts, except the bred controls, were totally
      hysterectomized on d 6 to 9 and their corpora lutea (CL) marked with charcoal.
      From d 10 through 29, eight prepuberal and 10 mature hysterectomized gilts
      received daily injections of 500 IU HCG in saline while seven prepuberal and
      eight mature hysterectomized gilts received daily injections of saline vehicle.
      Jugular blood samples were quantitated by radioimmunoassay for estrogen and 13,14
      dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM), a metabolite of prostaglandin F2
      alpha. One bred control gilt was pregnant on d 30, indicating that the prepuberal
      gilts used in the experiment were prepuberal. All mature gilts and six of seven
      prepuberal gilts that received saline had maintained CL to d 30. Eight of 10
      mature gilts that received HCG had maintained CL to d 30, while only two of eight
      (P less than .05) prepuberal gilts that received HCG maintained CL to d 30. All
      gilts receiving HCG had numerous follicles and accessory luteal
      structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039314
TI  - Relationships among dietary lipid intake, serum cholesterol and ovarian function
      in Holstein heifers.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine whether serum concentrations of total
      cholesterol (TC) undergo cyclic changes during the estrous cycle of dairy heifers
      and to assess the relationship between serum concentrations of TC and ovarian
      steroid hormones. The effects of a hypercholesterolemic diet upon luteal
      progesterone secretion also were determined. Experiment 1 involved five dairy
      heifers exhibiting normal estrous cycles. Serum concentrations of TC,
      progesterone, testosterone and estradiol-17 beta were determined in blood samples
      collected throughout a complete estrous cycle. A transient decline in TC was
      observed during the luteal phase of all heifers beginning on d 2 and reached a
      nadir 6 d after estrus. Highest mean concentrations of TC occurred between d -2
      and +2 (96.3 +/- 8.2 mg/dl), which were markedly higher (P less than .05) than
      the lowest mean concentrations (76.3 +/- 10.3 mg/dl) observed on d 6.
      Concentrations of serum TC were negatively correlated (r = -.40; P less than .01)
      with progesterone between d 2 and 9. Serum TC was not correlated with
      testosterone or estradiol-17 beta. In Exp. 2, seven cycling Holstein heifers were
      fed a control diet for 70 d (Stage I), a diet containing 15% whole sunflower seed
      as a source of supplemental dietary lipid for 70 d (Stage II) and then the
      control diet for 70 d (Stage III). Diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. All
      heifers were synchronized with prostaglandin F2 alpha after wk 5 in each of the
      three feeding stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039315
TI  - Nitrogen utilization and ruminal fermentation in steers fed soybean meal treated
      with formaldehyde.
AB  - Four rumen-fistulated steers averaging 400 kg in body weight were used in a 4 X 4
      Latin square arrangement with 18-d periods to investigate the effect of treating
      soybean meal (SBM) with formaldehyde on nitrogen (N) utilization and ruminal
      fermentation. Experimental diets, on a dry matter basis, consisted of 42% corn
      silage, 48.5% cracked corn-mineral mixture and 9.5% SBM treated with 0, .3, .6 or
      .9% formaldehyde by weight. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were
      not affected by treatment. Formaldehyde treatment of SBM resulted in a linear
      decrease in N digestibility (P less than .005) and urinary N excretion (P less
      than .01) and a quadratic increase (P less than .05) in N retention. The
      depression in apparent N digestibility was small when SBM was treated with .3%
      formaldehyde. This level of formaldehyde treatment also had little effect on in
      vitro enzymatic hydrolysis of SBM. Ruminal ammonia-N concentrations were lower (P
      less than .05) in steers fed formaldehyde-treated SBM. Ruminal pH was lower (P
      less than .05) at 6 and 8 h postfeeding while volatile fatty acid concentrations
      were higher (P less than .05) at 8 and 12 h postfeeding for steers fed untreated
      SBM. Propionic acid (mol/100 mol) decreased linearly (P less than .05) with
      increasing level of formaldehyde treatment. Urea-N concentrations in plasma were
      decreased (P less than .001) and plasma-free essential amino acid concentrations
      were increased (P less than .10) by formaldehyde treatment. Ruminal disappearance
      of N from polyester bags containing the SBM supplements was greatly reduced (P
      less than .005) by formaldehyde treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039316
TI  - Rapid kinetics of the glucose transporter from human erythrocytes. Detection and
      measurement of a half-turnover of the purified transporter.
AB  - The stopped flow method combined with fluorescence detection has been employed to
      study the rapid kinetics of the glucose transporter from human erythrocytes. Upon
      mixing the purified transporter reconstituted into unsealed membranes of
      erythrocyte lipids with 4,6-ethylidene D-glucose, a derivative that binds
      preferentially to the substrate site on the outer domain of the transporter,
      there was a rapid, first-order decrease in the intrinsic fluorescence of the
      protein. Three properties of this transient indicate that it represents a half
      turnover of the transporter from a conformation with the substrate site facing
      inward to one with this site facing outward. The first-order rate constant
      decreased as the concentration of ethylidene glucose was increased; the value of
      the rate constant for the process is similar to that expected from steady-state
      kinetic studies of transport in the erythrocyte; and D-glucose at low
      concentration increased the rate of reaction. This study is the first
      determination of the kinetics of a half-turnover for a transport system of the
      facilitated diffusion type. The identification of this step provides direct
      evidence for the alternating conformation mechanism of transport.

PMID- 4039317
TI  - Influence of retinoid nutritional status on cellular retinol- and cellular
      retinoic acid-binding protein concentrations in various rat tissues.
AB  - Studies were conducted to explore the effects of differences in retinoid
      nutritional status and of sex on the tissue distribution and levels of cellular
      retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein
      (CRABP) in the rat. Sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays were developed and
      employed to measure the levels of both CRBP and CRABP. Four groups of six male
      rats each were fed experimental diets that differed greatly in the amount and
      kind of retinoids provided, but were otherwise identical. These groups were
      comprised of rats that were normal controls, retinoid-deficient, retinoic acid
      fed, and excess retinol-fed. A fifth group of six female rats was fed the control
      diet. Immunogens identical with rat testis CRBP and CRABP, as assessed by
      radioimmunoassay displacement curves, were found in every rat tissue examined (21
      tissues in males, 18 in females). The highest levels of CRBP were found in the
      proximal portion of the epididymis, the liver, and kidney. The highest levels of
      CRABP were found in the seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and skin. A significant
      (p less than 0.01) inverse relationship was found between CRBP and CRABP levels
      in the different tissues of the male reproductive tract. In both males and
      females, CRBP levels were highest in the gonads and proximal portion of the
      reproductive tract and decreased distally, whereas the opposite was true for
      CRABP. Retinoid-deficient rats showed reduced tissue levels of CRBP; thus, tissue
      CRBP levels are influenced by diet and retinoid availability. No differences in
      tissue CRBP levels were found in the rats fed the control, the retinoic acid, or
      the excess retinol diets. Female control rats had higher CRBP levels than male
      controls in 4 of 15 tissues compared (liver, lung, thymus, and fat). In contrast,
      tissue CRABP levels showed no diet- or sex-dependent differences. Only in one
      tissue, the skin, were differences observed (lower CRABP in retinoid-deficient
      and in female rats). Thus, CRABP metabolism and levels appear to be minimally
      influenced by the amount or kind of retinoid ligand available or by sex.

PMID- 4039318
TI  - Molecular properties of bovine interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein.
AB  - Interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein (IRBP) is a large retinol-carrying
      glycoprotein, located only in the interphotoreceptor (or subretinal) space of
      vertebrate eyes. It has recently been purified to apparent homogeneity. The
      present report presents its sedimentation, spectroscopic, and binding properties.
      The molecular weight of bovine IRBP, determined by sedimentation equilibrium, is
      133,000. The sedimentation coefficient is 5.8S. The Stokes radius, 56 A, obtained
      from gel-filtration chromatography, is much larger than that expected for a
      globular protein of the same molecular weight. These results indicate that IRBP
      is asymmetric (it can modeled as a prolate ellipsoid of revolution with axial
      ratio of about 8:1) and explain the overestimates of molecular weight obtained in
      previous studies based on size-exclusion methods. The molar absorption
      coefficients for IRBP (at 280 nm) and for bound retinol are both unaffected by
      ligand dissociation. Fluorescence of the holoprotein displays neither fine
      structure nor energy transfer from tryptophan to bound retinol. Circular
      dichroism suggests a secondary structure containing approximately 15% alpha-helix
      and approximately 20% beta-structure, unchanged by the presence of ligand. The
      binding of retinol creates a positive, extrinsic Cotton effect at 330 nm,
      proportional to the amount of retinol bound. The apparent dissociation constant
      for all-trans-retinol is 1.3 X 10(-6) M. This relatively loose binding implies
      that, if required during the visual cycle, IRBP should be able to transfer its
      ligand to other binding proteins in the neural retina and retinal pigment
      epithelium.

PMID- 4039319
TI  - Spontaneous fibrinolysis in whole human plasma. Identification of tissue
      activator-related protein as the major plasminogen activator causing spontaneous
      activity in vitro.
AB  - Spontaneous fibrinolysis of plasma clots was studied by following the lysis of
      the clots formed in 125I-fibrinogen-supplemented citrated plasma. Lysis of the
      clots invariably follows sigmoidal kinetics with S50 (the time required for 50%
      clot lysis) ranging from 3.5 to 4.7 days in 8 samples of pooled blood bank plasma
      and in the majority of apparently healthy donor plasmas. The spontaneous lysis of
      factor XII-deficient and prekallikrein-deficient plasmas was found to be similar
      to that of normal plasma. Addition of ellagic acid or antibodies against
      kallikrein or urokinase to normal pooled plasma did not alter significantly its
      rate of spontaneous lysis. On the other hand the addition of antibody against
      tissue activator (t-PA) inhibited over 80% of the spontaneous fibrinolysis in a 7
      day incubation period at 37 degrees C, and the clot visually persisted for more
      than a month. Therefore, the factor XII-dependent components and
      prourokinase/urokinase system do not contribute significantly in whole plasma
      fibrinolysis in vitro, while the t-PA-related protein appears to be the major
      plasminogen activator responsible for initiating spontaneous fibrinolysis in
      whole plasma. Exogenous addition of increasing amounts of purified HeLa cell t-PA
      to normal pooled plasma in the ng/ml range cause progressively faster clot lysis.
      By extrapolation, normal pooled plasma is found to contain endogenous tissue
      activator in an amount functionally equivalent to 2 ng/ml of purified 60-kDa t
      PA. The molecular nature of the t-PA-related proteins in plasma was studied by
      zymographic and immunological methods. The major t-PA-related protein in plasma
      was found to have a molecular mass of 100 kDa as determined by zymography. By
      incubating purified HeLa 60-kDa t-PA with a t-PA-depleted plasma, the 100-kDa
      component can be generated in plasma, suggesting that the latter is formed as a
      result of the binding of 60-kDa t-PA to a binding protein in plasma.

PMID- 4039320
TI  - Inhibition of the activation and catalytic activity of insulin receptor kinase by
      zinc and other divalent metal ions.
AB  - The autophosphorylation reaction responsible for conversion of insulin receptor
      (from human placenta) to an active tyrosyl-protein kinase was shown to be
      inhibited by Zn2+ and other divalent metal ions. The order of inhibitory potency
      was found to be Cu2+ greater than Zn2+, Cd2+ greater than Co2+, Ni2+.
      Autophosphorylation of insulin receptor was almost completely blocked by 10
      microM Zn2+. Zn2+, however, did not appear to affect the binding of insulin to
      its receptor. Histidine, a chelator of Zn2+, protected against the inhibitory
      effects of Zn2+. The failure of histidine to regenerate the competence of the
      Zn2+-inhibited receptor to undergo autophosphorylation suggested that the
      inhibition by Zn2+ was irreversible. In addition to inhibiting
      autophosphorylation, Zn2+ inhibited the tyrosyl-protein kinase activity of highly
      purified phosphorylated receptor. Zn2+ was also observed to inhibit
      phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase activity present in preparations of partially
      purified insulin receptor. These inhibitory effects of Zn2+ should be considered
      in the design of protocols for the isolation and handling of insulin receptor and
      possibly other tyrosine kinases. Additionally, the possible physiological
      significance of the inhibition of insulin receptor kinase by Zn2+ is discussed in
      light of the fact that Zn2+ is accumulated in and secreted from pancreatic islet
      cells together with insulin.

PMID- 4039321
TI  - Hematin-catalyzed epoxidation of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene by
      polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides.
AB  - Hematin catalyzes the epoxidation of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP
      7,8-diol) by 13-hydroperoxy-9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid and other fatty
      acid hydroperoxides in the presence of detergent. The major oxidation product is
      the anti-dihydrodiolepoxide and the minor product is the syn-dihydrodiolepoxide.
      (+)-BP-7,8-diol is oxidized to (-)-anti-diolepoxide and (+)-syn-diolepoxide
      whereas (-)-BP-7,8-diol is oxidized to (+)-anti-diolepoxide and (-)-syn
      diolepoxide. Oxygen labeling studies indicate that the source of the epoxide
      oxygen is O2. The phenolic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated
      hydroxytoluene inhibit epoxidation by 100 and 93%, respectively. These
      observations suggest that hematin-catalyzed epoxidation proceeds by a free
      radical mechanism. Incubation of hematin, BP-7,8-diol, and a series of fatty acid
      hydroperoxides containing two, one, or zero double bonds alpha to the carbon
      bearing the hydroperoxide indicates that at least one double bond is essential
      for generation of the epoxidizing agent. Taken with results of the study of the
      metabolism of 13-hydroperoxy-9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid by hematin
      described in the accompanying paper (Dix, T. A., and Marnett, L. J. (1985) J.
      Biol. Chem. 260, 5351-5357), these results indicate that the epoxidizing agent is
      a peroxyl radical generated by coupling of O2 to a carbon-centered radical
      derived from the double bonds adjacent to the hydroperoxide group. The detergents
      Tween 20, Triton X-100, and Triton X-405 dramatically enhance epoxidation above
      but not below their critical micellar concentrations. The intensity and lambda
      max of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of BP-7,8-diol increase in the
      presence of detergent, indicating that an important role of detergent is
      solubilization of the hydrophobic substrate. However, detergent also stimulates
      the hematin-catalyzed oxidation of a water-soluble polycyclic hydrocarbon, bis
      (carboxyethyl)-anthracene, suggesting that detergent has an effect on the
      peroxidase activity of hematin. A detailed mechanism for epoxidation of BP-7,8
      diol by hematin and fatty acid hydroperoxides is presented and its relevance to
      other hydroperoxide-dependent epoxidizing systems is discussed.

PMID- 4039322
TI  - Post-translational import of fatty acyl-CoA oxidase and catalase into peroxisomes
      of rat liver in vitro.
AB  - Total polysomal RNA of rat liver was translated in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte
      lysate system. The translation products were mixed with a postnuclear supernatant
      fraction of rat liver and incubated post-translationally at 26 degrees C for 15
      60 min. The import assay mixture was separated into a particulate fraction and
      supernatant by centrifugation, both of which were analyzed by immunoprecipitation
      with a goat antibody against rat liver peroxisomal proteins, sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and fluorography. One peroxisomal
      translation product (Mr 72,000) appeared in the particulate fraction, was partly
      proteinase K-resistant, and addition of detergents prior to proteolysis abolished
      this resistance. In isopycnic centrifugation of the uptake assay mixture, the
      protease-resistant 35S-polypeptide of Mr 72,000 cosedimented with the
      peroxisomes. This translation product was identified immunochemically as fatty
      acyl-CoA oxidase; both before and after import it was indistinguishable in size
      from subunit A of the purified enzyme by prolonged sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When the cell-free translation products were
      incubated with highly purified peroxisomes, 35S-catalase entered peroxisomes (by
      the criterion of protease resistance), and its entry was stimulated by the
      addition of a high speed supernatant (cytosolic) fraction of rat liver. These
      results demonstrate the post-translational import into peroxisomes in vitro of at
      least two cell-free translation products.

PMID- 4039323
TI  - Structural relationships of the three stimulatory factors of RNA polymerase II
      from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - The structural relationships of S-II, S-II', and S-I(b) stimulatory proteins of
      RNA polymerase II purified from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were investigated.
      From analysis of the amino acid compositions and tryptic peptide maps of these
      proteins labeled with radioiodinated Bolton-Hunter reagent, it was concluded that
      S-I(b) is a part of S-II located at either the amino- or carboxyl-terminal and
      that only this region mainly contains radioiodinatable amino acid residues when
      labeled using 125I. On chymotryptic digestion, S-II was cleaved to 21- and 18-kDa
      fragments in the presence of DNA. The 21-kDa fragment was found to be sufficient
      for stimulation of RNA polymerase II. It was suggested that S-II' is formed by
      phosphorylation of S-II in the domain containing the 18-kDa fragment.

PMID- 4039324
TI  - The standardization of an assay for pertussis toxin and antitoxin in microplate
      culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - A microplate assay, based on the clustering effect induced by pertussis toxin
      (PT) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, has been developed and standardized.
      Toxin titration is done directly in the culture microplate by twofold dilutions
      of 25 microliters of test material to which are added 10 000 freshly trypsinized
      cells in 200 microliters of culture medium per well. The dilution causing the
      clustering effect is determined by direct microscopic observation after 48 h of
      incubation. The method allows detection of 50-100 pg toxin per millilitre. For
      determination of neutralizing antibodies (antitoxin), twofold dilutions of 25
      microliters of antiserum are first made directly in the culture microplate.
      Thereafter 25 microliters of toxin, containing four times the minimal clustering
      concentration, is added to each well. After three hours for neutralization at +37
      degrees C, cells are added, incubated and examined as above. The assay has been
      found to be simple and reproducible for measuring the antibody response to PT in
      human and different animal sera. For titration of bacteria associated toxin, the
      CHO cells are seeded and incubated for 24 h before the addition of bacteria.
      Incubation and examination are done as described for toxin titration.

PMID- 4039325
TI  - Compartmentalization of algal bioluminescence: autofluorescence of bioluminescent
      particles in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax as studied with image-intensified video
      microscopy and flow cytometry.
AB  - Compartmentalization of specialized functions to discrete locales is a
      fundamental theme of eucaryotic organization in cells. We report here that
      bioluminescence of the dinoflagellate alga Gonyaulax originates in vivo from
      discrete subcellular loci that are intrinsically fluorescent. We demonstrate this
      localization by comparing the loci of fluorescence and bioluminescence as
      visualized by image-intensified video microscopy. These fluorescent particles
      appeared to be the same as the previously described in vitro "scintillons." We
      attribute the endogenous fluorescence to that of the bioluminescence substrate,
      luciferin, because (a) the fluorescence excitation and emission characteristics
      are comparable, (b) the autofluorescence is lost after exhaustive stimulation of
      bioluminescence, and (c) the fluorescence of discharged particles in vitro can be
      restored by adding luciferin. The fluorescence in vivo exhibits a standard
      property of circadian (daily) rhythmicity: under constant environmental
      conditions, the intensity of the particle fluorescence fluctuates cyclically (it
      is maximal during the night phase and is low during the day). Thus, luciferin is
      localized within the cell at discrete loci from which the bioluminescence
      emanates; the cellular quantity of luciferin is rhythmically modulated by the
      circadian clock.

PMID- 4039326
TI  - Are cross-bridging structures involved in the bundle formation of intermediate
      filaments and the decrease in locomotion that accompany cell aging?
AB  - Five different fibroblast strains derived from donors of a wide range of ages
      were used for investigation of senescence-associated changes in the organization
      of intermediate filaments (IFs) and the activity of cell locomotion. Results of
      immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrate that, in large and flat in vitro aged
      fibroblasts, vimentin-containing IFs are distributed as unusually organized large
      bundles. Electron microscopic examination shows that these large bundles are
      indeed composed of filaments of 8-10 nm. Such a profile of large bundles is
      rarely seen in young fibroblasts whose IFs are usually interdispersed among
      microtubules. Within the large filament bundles of senescent fibroblasts, cross
      bridge-like extensions are frequently observed along the individual IFs.
      Immunogold labeling with antibody to one of the cross-bridging proteins, p50,
      further illustrates the abundance of interfilament links within the IF bundles.
      The senescence-related increase in interfilament association was also supported
      by the results of co-precipitation between vimentin and an associated protein of
      50,000 D. Time-lapse cinematographic studies of cell locomotion reveal that
      accompanying aging, fibroblasts have a significantly reduced ability to
      translocate across a solid substratum. These results led me to suggest that the
      increased interfilament links via cross-bridges may in part contribute to the
      mechanism that orchestrates the formation of large filament bundles. The presence
      of enormous bundles in the cytoplasm may physically impede the efficiency of
      locomotion for these nondividing cells.

PMID- 4039327
TI  - The cytoplasmic filament system in critical point-dried whole mounts and plastic
      embedded sections.
AB  - High voltage electron microscopy of intact cells prepared by the critical point
      drying (CPD) procedure has become an important tool in the study of three
      dimensional relationships between cytoplasmic organelles. It has been claimed
      that critical point-dried specimens reveal a structure that is not visible in
      sections of plastic-embedded material; it has also been claimed that this
      structure, in association with known cytoplasmic filaments, forms a meshwork of
      tapering threads ("microtrabecular lattice"). Alternatively, this structure might
      be a surface tension artifact produced during CPD. To test possible sources of
      artifacts during CPD, model fiber systems of known structure were used. It was
      found that traces of water or ethanol in the CO2 caused distortions and fusion of
      fibers in pure muscle actin, fibrin, collagen, chromatin, and microtubules that
      produce a structure very similar to the proposed "microtrabecular lattice." These
      structures were, however, well preserved if water and ethanol were totally
      excluded from the CO2. The same results were obtained with whole mounts of
      cultured cells. A "microtrabecular lattice" was obtained if some water or ethanol
      was present in the pressure chamber. On the other hand, when water or ethanol
      were totally excluded from the CO2 during CPD, cytoplasmic filaments were uniform
      in thickness similar to their appearance in sections of plastic-embedded cells.
      It is concluded that the "microtrabecular lattice" is a distorted image of the
      cytoplasmic filament network produced during CPD by traces of water or ethanol in
      the CO2.

PMID- 4039329
TI  - Slow posttranslational modification of a neurofilament protein.
AB  - The synthesis and subsequent modification of neurofilament (NF) polypeptides has
      been examined in pulse-chase experiments, using cultured chick spinal cord
      neurons. Fluorography of the [35S]methionine-labeled cytoskeletal proteins, after
      separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, revealed that (a) the mid-size
      chicken NF protein, NF-M160, is synthesized as a smaller and more basic
      precursor, NF-M130; (b) beginning approximately 8 h after translation, NF-M130
      slowly and continuously becomes larger and more acidic, attaining the size and
      charge of NF-M160 16 or more h later, and undergoing no further change in
      mobility for many days thereafter; and (c) in contrast, the low molecular weight
      NF protein, NF-L, is synthesized as such, and undergoes no subsequent change in
      apparent size or charge. Additional experiments provided evidence that the
      conversion of NF-M130 to NF-M160 is due, at least in part, to phosphorylation:
      (a) Incubation of similar cultures in 32PO4 resulted in incorporation into NF
      M160 and transitional forms, but not into NF-M130. (b) An antiserum to NF-M160
      was found by immunoblot analysis to bind strongly to untreated NF-M160, but
      poorly to phosphatase-treated NF-M160, and not at all to NF-M130. It has already
      been demonstrated (Bennett, G. S., S. J. Tapscott, C. DiLullo, and H. Holtzer,
      1984, Brain Res., 304:291-302) that this anti-NF-M160 fails to stain the soma of
      motor neurons in sections of chick spinal cord, but detects an increasing
      gradient of immunoreactivity in the proximal axons. These results, together with
      the known kinetics of axoplasmic transport of NF, suggest that the mid-size
      chicken NF protein is synthesized as NF-M130 and is extensively modified, at
      least in part by phosphorylation, to become NF-M160 during transport along
      proximal neurites. Once maximally modified, NF-M160 undergoes no further net
      change during transport along distal neurites.

PMID- 4039328
TI  - Endocytosis and degradation of interstitial retinol-binding protein: differential
      capabilities of cells that border the interphotoreceptor matrix.
AB  - Between the pigment epithelium and the outer limiting membrane of the retina is
      an extracellular compartment filled with the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). A
      prominent component of the IPM is a glycoprotein known as interstitial retinol
      binding protein (IRBP). Using in vitro techniques, we compared the ability of the
      cells that border this compartment to internalize colloidal gold (CG) coated with
      either IRBP or ovalbumin, a glycoprotein not found in the IPM. Neither IRBP-CG
      nor ovalbumin-CG was internalized by the Muller's cells. Both rod and cone
      photoreceptors take up IRBP-CG, which is observed in small vesicles and
      multivesicular bodies. Neither photoreceptor type takes up ovalbumin-CG. Acid
      phosphatase cytochemistry indicates that acid phosphatase reaction product in the
      multivesicular bodies co-localizes with IRBP-CG, which suggests that this
      molecule is degraded by rod and cone photoreceptors and is not recycled. The
      pigment epithelium internalizes IRBP-CG and ovalbumin-CG, both of which remain in
      small cytoplasmic vesicles near the apical plasma membrane. There is no
      indication that vesicles that contain either IRBP-CG or ovalbumin-CG fuse with
      the lysosomal system in the pigment epithelial cells during the incubation.

PMID- 4039330
TI  - Vasoactive amines modulate actin cables (stress fibers) and surface area in
      cultured bovine endothelium.
AB  - Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were fixed and stained with NBD
      phallicidin and quantitated with a digital image analyzer for changes in actin
      cables and surface area. Serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine and
      histamine (all at 10(-4)M concentrations) were tested for their ability to induce
      cytoskeletal changes. Only 5-HT and NE increased actin cables significantly (p
      less than 0.01), 80.7% and 97.9%, respectively. Dopamine and histamine treated
      cells showed a 67.4% and 80.8% decrease in actin cables respectively (p less than
      0.01). Stimulated increases of actin cables by 5-HT were inhibited by Ketanserin,
      and propranolol inhibited NE stimulation of actin cables. Treatment of cells with
      these blockers alone also decreased actin cables below control values (p less
      than 0.01). Pretreatment of cells with diphenhydramine, but not cimetidine,
      inhibited histamine-induced decreases in actin cables. Stimulation of surface
      area by 5-HT and NE was also observed, with 40.8% and 80.7% increases
      respectively, when compared with controls (p less than 0.01). The increases in
      actin cables were associated with a lack of ruffled edges that are indicative of
      motile cells. In contrast, induced decreases in actin cables resulted in cells
      with ruffled edges. Exogenous 5-HT and NE have been shown to prevent the
      increased permeability visible as extravasation of red blood cells from
      postcapillary venules in thrombocytopenic animals. The present data suggest that
      5-HT and NE may be involved in maintaining the endothelial barrier function by a
      receptor-mediated stimulation of actin cables. Also, histamine-induced decreases
      in actin cables may be correlated with the amine's action in vivo as a mediator
      of increased inflammatory permeability.

PMID- 4039331
TI  - Liver tyrosine kinase activation during early stages of chemical
      hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - Protein phosphorylation at tyrosine residues is believed to be involved in
      several important cellular processes because tyrosine-specific protein kinase
      activation is associated with stimulation of cellular proliferation by hormones
      and growth factors, embryogenesis, and retroviral cell transformation. Because
      cell proliferation is thought to be an essential component of chemical
      carcinogenesis, liver tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity was examined
      during the early stages of the Solt and Farber chemical hepatocarcinogenesis
      model. Rats were given diethylnitrosamine in one dose (200 mg/kg, IP) followed by
      2 weeks of dietary 0.02% 2-acetylamino-fluorene starting at day 14 after
      diethylnitrosamine, followed by partial hepatectomy on day 21. By day 32 this
      regimen produces a relatively synchronized population of hyperplastic liver
      nodules up to 1.5 mm in diameter. Rats were sacrificed on day 32, their livers
      were perfused with cold normal saline, homogenized, and centrifuged at 1,000g for
      10 min. The resulting supernatant was centrifuged at 30,000g for 30 min and the
      pellet was assayed for tyrosine kinase activity using the synthetic peptide
      [Val5]angiotensin II as substrate. Rats that received the complete regimen had a
      2.6-fold increase in their liver tyrosine kinase activity as compared to sham
      controls (2.4 pmoles/min/mg protein vs 6.4 pmoles/min/mg protein, P less than
      .05). In contrast, rats that received a partial regimen (ie, partial hepatectomy,
      or 2-acetylaminofluorene + partial hepatectomy, or diethylnitrosamine + 2
      acetylaminofluorene) did not have elevated tyrosine kinase activity nor did they
      have hyperplastic nodules. These preliminary data suggest that activation of
      liver tyrosine kinase is associated with the very early stages of chemical
      hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 4039332
TI  - Solubilization, reconstitution, and attempted affinity chromatography of the
      sugar transporter of the erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - Reconstitution of the sugar transport system of human erythrocytes into
      artificial liposomes was achieved by freezing, thawing, and sonicating preformed
      phospholipid vesicles in the presence of intact ghosts, protein-depleted ghosts,
      or detergent-treated ghosts. D-glucose equilibrium exchange activities and
      affinity constants in the range of the reported erythrocyte values were reached
      in the best experiments. Whereas the extraction of peripheral membrane proteins
      did not depress the transport function crucially after reconstituting these
      protein-depleted ghosts, the selective solubilization of integral membrane
      proteins by a variety of nonionic detergents resulted in an uncontrollable,
      continuously increasing inactivation of the carrier. However, Emulphogene BC-720
      extracts could be prepared in which the glucose transporter retained activity for
      days at 4 degrees C. These extracts were applied to affinity chromatography
      matrices of phloretin-Agarose, prepared by coupling phloretinyl-3'-benzylamine
      (PBA) to CH-Sepharose 4B and to Affigel 202. Although the solubilized sugar
      transporter appeared to be selectively adsorbed to both PBA matrices, it could
      not be eluted by specific counter ligands or gentle eluants in a biologically
      active form. However, chaotropic agents could be used to elute intrinsic
      proteins, including bands 3 and 4.5, from the Affigel affinity medium.

PMID- 4039333
TI  - Determination of demecarium bromide and related compounds by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of
      demecarium bromide and related process intermediate and companion products is
      described. The compounds of interest are separated by isocratic reversed-phase
      chromatography on a mu Bondapak CN column using UV detection. The reproducibility
      of the method and stability of demecarium bromide is demonstrated. Applications
      presented for the method include quantitation of demecarium bromide in aqueous
      solutions and control of the raw material.

PMID- 4039334
TI  - Improved high-performance liquid chromatography of sphingomyelin.

PMID- 4039336
TI  - Pemphigus vulgaris in only one of two monozygotic twins.

PMID- 4039337
TI  - Effects of intermittent electrical shock on responses related to milk ejection.
AB  - Electrical shock is perceived to be a problem on many dairy farms. Thirteen cows
      were subjected to intermittent electrical shock (5 s on, 25 s off) at a.m. and
      p.m. milkings for 7 days. Seven cows were subjected to 3.6 mA shocks starting
      with preparation (1 min udder wash and dry) and six cows to 6.0 mA. One
      additional cow initially in the 6.0 mA group had to be removed from the study
      because of severe behavioral responses to shock. Compared to 5-day preshock and
      postshock periods, milk yield, milking time, and Wisconsin Mastitis Test scores
      were not affected by shock. Maximum rate of milk flow increased slightly. The
      number of behavioral events such as lifting legs during milking increased with a
      greater increase in the 6.0 mA group. Heart rate was elevated (+3 beats/min) only
      in response to shock during preparation (initial shock). For selected days, time
      to peak oxytocin response was delayed in the 3.6 mA group, and peak prolactin and
      area under prolactin response curves increased similarly for both groups during
      shock. There were significant a.m.-p.m. differences in milk yield, milking time,
      maximum rate of milk flow, heart rate, and responses of oxytocin and prolactin.
      We think that milk yield can be maintained, at least in the short term, in cows
      subjected to electrical shock due to power-line problems if dairy producers take
      exceptional care to accommodate behavioral responses.

PMID- 4039335
TI  - Platelet antibodies of the IgM class in immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - The clinical course and response to therapy of patients with immune
      thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are not completely determined by the level of IgG
      present on the platelet surface. It is possible that antibodies of other
      immunoglobulin classes also play a role in platelet destruction in some of these
      patients. Therefore, we studied 175 patients with ITP for the presence of IgM
      anti-platelet antibodies using radiolabeled polyclonal or monoclonal anti-IgM. We
      observed that 57% of patients with clinical ITP had increased levels of IgM on
      their platelets, compared with normal controls and patients with thrombocytopenia
      who did not have ITP (less than 10%), (P less than 0.01). We obtained similar
      results using either radiolabeled polyclonal or monoclonal anti-IgM, reagents
      whose integrity was first characterized using erythrocytes coated with defined
      amounts of IgM antibody. Among patients with increased platelet-IgM there was a
      significant correlation both with the presence of increased platelet-C3 as well
      as the amount of platelet-C3 (P less than 0.01, r = 0.53). We demonstrated the
      presence of warm-reacting IgM anti-platelet antibodies in the plasma of two of
      these patients who were further studied. The isolated IgM fraction from these two
      plasmas was able to activate complement and place 3H-C3 on normal platelets.
      These studies demonstrate the presence of warm-reacting IgM anti-platelet
      antibodies in some patients with ITP. They suggest that the binding of complement
      to platelets by IgM antibodies may initiate platelet clearance as well as enhance
      the effect of IgG antibodies in ITP.

PMID- 4039338
TI  - Environmental pathogens and intramammary infection during the dry period.
AB  - Rate of coliform and streptococcal intramammary infection during the dry period
      was studied in 168 dry periods. Coliform infection rate was influenced by stage
      of dry period, parity, and season during which dry periods occurred. Effects of
      dry cow therapy, immunization, or induced inflammation on coliform infection rate
      were minimal. Coliform infections originating in the first 50% of the dry period
      and persisting to lactation were predominantly other than Escherichia coli,
      whereas the majority originating in the last 50% of the dry period and persisting
      to lactation were Escherichia coli. Duration of streptococcal infections was
      greater than coliform infections. Dry cow therapy reduced streptococcal infection
      rate, and the effect was exerted primarily during the first 25% of the dry
      period. Effects of parity and season were not significant and likely masked by
      the positive effects of dry cow therapy. Results support the contention that all
      quarters of all cows should be dry treated for maximum reduction of new
      streptococcal infection during the dry period. Results suggest that methods other
      than conventional dry cow therapy are required for control of coliform infection
      during the dry period and streptococcal infection during the latter half of the
      dry period.

PMID- 4039339
TI  - Methionine deficiency in early-weaned dairy calves fed pelleted rations based on
      corn and alfalfa or corn and soybean proteins.
AB  - Holstein bull calves weaned at 4 wk of age were assigned to one of three
      replicated 4 X 4 Latin squares at 5 to 6 wk. Trials were abomasal infusion of 0,
      .30, .60, and either 90 (Trials 2 and 3) or 1.20 g (Trial 1) L-methionine/kg
      pelleted starter ration consumed. In Trials 1 and 2, ration ingredients of the
      ration contributed the following percentages of total crude protein: corn meal
      39, alfalfa meal 48, and soybean meal 12; dry matter of rations contained 13.6
      and 13.9% crude protein and .26 and .32% sulfur. Infusion of .60 g methionine in
      Trial 1 tended to depress excretion of nitrogen in urine and increase nitrogen
      retention. In Trial 2, urine nitrogen excretion and retained nitrogen responded
      in a quadratic fashion; infusion of .30 and .60, and either .90 (Trials 2 and 3)
      or 1.20 g (Trial 1) L-methionine/kg pelleted starter ration consumed. In Trials 1
      and 2, ingredients of the ration contributed the following percentages of total
      crude protein: corn meal 39, alfalfa meal 48, and soybean meal 12; dry matter of
      rations contained 13.6 and 13.9% crude protein and .26 and .32% sulfur. Infusion
      of .60 g methionine in cretion 9%. Relationship between plasma methionine and
      infused methionine was linear for all trials. Methionine is the first limiting
      amino acid for early-weaned calves fed complete pelleted rations based on corn
      and either alfalfa or soybean proteins.

PMID- 4039340
TI  - Uterine contractions and fertility following clitoral massage of dairy cattle in
      estrus.
AB  - Lactating and nonlactating Holstein cows received 30 s of gentle clitoral massage
      to determine its effect on uterine contractility and oxytocin concentrations in
      blood. Clitoral stimulation caused an immediate single uterine contraction, and
      this could be repeated at 2.5-min intervals. Oxytocin concentrations did not
      change during intensive blood sampling following clitoral massage. Thus, the
      uterine response is interpreted as neurally mediated. Eighteen full-time
      inseminators were allotted to two groups, balanced so that each day half were
      inseminating control and half treated animals (5 s of clitoral massage following
      insemination). The 56-day nonreturns for 2090 controls were 74.3% versus 74.0%
      for 2049 animals receiving clitoral massage. Heifers were more fertile than cows
      (81.9% versus 70.6% nonreturns), but there was no indication that clitoral
      massage altered the nonreturn rate in either age group. Also, the time of day
      animals were inseminated did not affect nonreturn rate.

PMID- 4039341
TI  - [Photoactivation of the catalytic properties of a melanin pigment of fungal
      origin].

PMID- 4039342
TI  - The acute effects of prostaglandin E1 on the pulmonary circulation and oxygen
      delivery in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Prostaglandin E1 was administered intravenously to 10 patients who had the adult
      respiratory distress syndrome associated with severe infection in order to
      investigate its hemodynamic effects. Infusion of PGE1 significantly decreased the
      mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mean systemic arterial pressure, pulmonary
      vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance, and increased the cardiac
      index, oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption. No significant difference was
      noted in the intrapulmonary shunt fraction. These results indicate that
      administration of PGE1 improves pulmonary hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in
      patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, by reducing right ventricular
      afterload and increasing the cardiac index.

PMID- 4039343
TI  - Relation of left ventricular function and prognosis in hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy: an angiographic study.
AB  - Left ventricular cineangiograms performed at the time of diagnosis in 88 patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were digitized to evaluate the relation of left
      ventricular function and prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eleven
      patients died suddenly after a mean follow-up period of 7.5 +/- 7 years, 10
      patients died of congestive heart failure or after cardiac surgery and 67 were
      alive after a mean follow-up period of 8.6 +/- 4 years. Measurements of left
      ventricular volume, ejection fraction, peak rate of ejection and filling and time
      to peak rate of ejection and filling were derived from curves of ventricular
      volume and its rate of change during the cardiac cycle. Patients who died
      suddenly had a lower peak rate of ventricular ejection (stroke volume-normalized
      peak ejection rate 5.41 +/- 0.69 versus 6.24 +/- 1.33 s-1; p = 0.006) and lower
      peak rate of ventricular filling (end-diastolic volume-normalized peak filling
      rate 4.02 +/- 0.94 versus 4.88 +/- 1.53 s-1; p = 0.02) and stroke volume
      normalized peak filling rate (4.75 +/- 1.08 versus 5.82 +/- 1.70 s-1; p = 0.01)
      compared with survivors. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that sudden death
      was best predicted by the combination of increased end-diastolic volume, small
      end-systolic volume and low peak filling rate (predictive accuracy 32%, false
      negative 18% and false positive 28%). The addition of clinical features and
      hemodynamic measurements to the analysis improved predictive accuracy to 43%
      (false negative 18% and false positive 18%). Ambulatory electrocardiographic
      monitoring performed in 57 of the 88 patients 1 month to 17 years (median 8
      years) after diagnosis revealed ventricular tachycardia in 14 (25%). Of these, 10
      who survived had hyperkinetic systolic function at diagnosis, whereas the 4 who
      died suddenly had impaired systolic function (end-diastolic volume-normalized
      peak ejection rate 5.93 +/- 1.2 versus 4.01 +/- 1.2 s-1, respectively; p = 0.04).
      In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ventricular tachycardia is a sensitive but
      nonspecific marker of adults who are at risk of sudden death. Impaired systolic
      function may be an important determinant of which patients with ventricular
      tachycardia die suddenly. This study shows that indexes of ventricular function
      contribute to the identification of patients at particular risk of sudden death.
      However, the predictive power of the clinical features and hemodynamic and
      angiographic measurements that could be assessed was poor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 4039344
TI  - Asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness in rhinitis.
AB  - Methacholine inhalation tests are used to help in the diagnosis of asthma when
      spirometry is normal. However, the significance of increased methacholine
      responsiveness in patients with rhinitis and no symptoms of asthma is not known.
      One possibility is that it is a false positive result; another possibility is
      that it indicates subclinical asthma. We investigated these possibilities in 25
      patients with rhinitis, whose attending physician had not made a diagnosis of
      asthma, by comparing responsiveness to methacholine expressed as the provocation
      concentration to cause a fall in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) with responsiveness to the
      natural stimulus of isocapnic hyperventilation of cold air and the diurnal
      variation of peak flow rate. Asthma was recognized objectively by variable
      airflow obstruction documented by one of the latter two tests. The PC20 ranged
      between 4 and greater than 64 mg/ml. In 10 patients the PC20 was less than 16
      mg/ml. Five of these patients had bronchoconstriction in response to
      hyperventilation, and a further two patients demonstrated increased variability
      of peak flow rates. Thus, in seven of 10 patients, increased bronchial
      responsiveness was confirmed by the use of two different methods, although they
      were asymptomatic, and the increased response to methacholine was not a false
      positive result. In the remaining three patients the PC20 was borderline
      increased (8 to 16 mg/ml). The results indicate that methacholine responsiveness
      in the asthmatic range in patients with rhinitis is associated with variable
      airflow obstruction and subclinical asthma.

PMID- 4039345
TI  - [A case with non-gestational choriocarcinoma of the uterus].

PMID- 4039346
TI  - Loss of platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors during simulated extracorporeal
      circulation: prevention with prostaglandin E1.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary bypass prolongs bleeding time and increases postoperative blood
      loss. During in vitro recirculation in an extracorporeal circuit containing a
      membrane oxygenator and primed with fresh heparinized human blood, we previously
      observed thrombocytopenia, impaired platelet aggregation, and depletion of
      granular contents, all of which were prevented with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). To
      investigate these changes further, we studied the number and affinity of platelet
      alpha 2-adrenergic receptors by measuring the binding of 3H-yohimbine. Before
      recirculation, we found 235 +/- 28 alpha 2-adrenergic receptors per platelet, a
      Kd of 3.37 +/- 0.78 nmol/L, complete aggregation with 1.04 mumol/L epinephrine,
      and a platelet count of 281,000 +/- 33,000 microliters-1. After 2 minutes of
      recirculation, 9.44 mumol/L epinephrine was required to produce complete
      aggregation, and the platelet count was 104,000 +/- 22,000 microliters-1 (44% of
      control). The number of binding sites significantly decreased to 139 +/- 16 per
      platelet, but the affinity did not change (Kd = 3.78 +/- 0.44 nmol/L). After 2
      hours of recirculation, the platelet count had increased to 123,000 +/- 21,000
      microliters-1. However, epinephrine did not induce platelet aggregation even at
      100 mumol/L. Moreover, alpha 2-adrenergic binding sites were not detectable, and
      affinity for yohimbine could not be calculated. Two minutes after PGE1 0.3
      mumol/L was added to the circuit, platelet numbers, response to epinephrine,
      alpha 2-adrenergic binding sites per platelet, and affinity for yohimbine were
      not significantly different from control values. At 2 hours, the number of alpha
      2-adrenergic sites was not significantly changed from control, but the affinity
      of yohimbine for platelets was significantly decreased 2.5-fold.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039347
TI  - Structure of biologically active and inactive cerebrosides prepared from
      Schizophyllum commune.
AB  - A cerebroside fraction prepared from the mycelia of Schizophyllum commune was
      further fractionated into five components (I-V) by reverse-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography. Fruiting-inducing activity was found in I-IV but not in V.
      By gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance
      analyses it was shown that these fractions contained: I, a mixture of N-2'
      hydroxypentadecanoyl-1-O-glucosyl-nonadecasphingadienine++ + and N-2'
      hydroxyhexadecanoyl-1-O-glucosyl-sphingadienine; II, (4E,8E)-N-D-2'
      hydroxyhexadecanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyr anosyl-9-methyl-4,8- sphingadienine
      (Kawai and Ikeda. 1983. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 754: 243-248); III, N-2'
      hydroxyheptadecanoyl-1-O-glucosyl-nonadecasphingadienine++ +; IV, N-2'
      hydroxyoctadecanoyl-1-O-glucosyl-nonadecasphinadienine; V, (4E,8E)-N-2'
      hydroxytetracosanoyl-1-O-beta-glucopyrano syl-9-methyl-4,8- sphingadienine. The
      only structural difference observed between biologically active and inactive
      cerebrosides was the chain length of acyl moiety; the cerebroside having an acyl
      chain of 24 carbon atoms was inactive.

PMID- 4039348
TI  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in childhood: Part II.

PMID- 4039349
TI  - Reappraisal of the influence of mammary distension on the frequency of milk
      ejection in the rat.
AB  - Experiments were performed to reinvestigate the importance of mammary engorgement
      for activation of the milk-ejection reflex in the rat. Reflex milk ejection
      (measured by intramammary pressure recordings during a 2-h suckling test under
      anaesthesia) was compared in rats with engorged mammary glands (15-h separation
      from the pups, followed by sham-removal of milk) and in rats with drained mammary
      glands (15-h separation, followed by milk removal using a foster litter and
      exogenous oxytocin). In experiment 1, multiple small (2 mu.) doses of oxytocin
      were used for milk removal: these were effective in emptying the mammary glands
      and caused no subsequent impairment or change in sensitivity of the mammary
      response to oxytocin. Using this draining procedure, no significant differences
      were observed in either the number or relative amplitude of the milk ejections,
      or the occurrence of pup stretch reactions between engorged and drained rats.
      Similar results were seen in experiment 2, where an identical draining protocol
      was used, but the rats were pretreated with propranolol before the suckling test.
      In experiment 3, large (250 mu.) oxytocin doses were used for milk removal, as in
      previous studies. Again mammary draining had no effect on milk ejection in a
      subsequent suckling test (with propranolol pretreatment). However, the number of
      stretch reactions shown by the pups was significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced
      from 8.6 +/- 1.4/2 h to 1.9 +/- 0.6/2 h. This effect probably related to long
      term impairment of the oxytocin response of the mammary glands following the
      draining procedure, and could not be attributed to the draining per se.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039350
TI  - Fasting impairs LH secretion in female rats by activating an inhibitory opioid
      pathway.
AB  - Two experiments were undertaken to investigate the way that fasting impairs LH
      secretion and to assess whether endogenous opioid mechanisms might be responsible
      for the impairment. In the first experiment, pulsatile LH secretion was measured
      in a total of 51 chronically ovariectomized female rats. Initially 29 rats were
      subjected to food withdrawal for 24, 48, 72 or 120 h before the experiment. When
      compared with data collected from eight unfasted control rats, the 120-h fast was
      found to reduce significantly the mean peak and trough values of the LH pulses
      measured. However, in a subsequent study, the inhibition of pulsatile LH
      secretion by a 120-h fast was prevented in a group of eight rats given the opioid
      antagonist naloxone hydrochloride before the start of the blood-sampling period.
      Naloxone was without effect on pulsatile LH secretion in eight unfasted control
      rats. In the second experiment, plasma LH concentrations were measured before and
      after unilateral electrical stimulation of the ventral noradrenergic tract (VNAT)
      in ovariectomized female rats pretreated with oestradiol benzoate. In 17 rats
      VNAT stimulation caused a significant rise in plasma LH, but after a 72-h fast
      this rise was significantly less than in unfasted control rats. However,
      pretreatment of fasted rats with naloxone (n = 9) significantly enhanced the VNAT
      stimulated release of LH to the control values. Naloxone did not potentiate VNAT
      stimulated LH release in unfasted animals (n = 6) or LH release in control
      unstimulated rats (n = 12). The experiments indicate that both pulsatile LH
      secretion, and LH release caused by VNAT stimulation, are impaired by an acute
      fast.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039351
TI  - The genetic background of circadian and ultradian rhythm patterns of 17
      hydroxycorticosteroids: a cross-twin study.
AB  - Circadian and ultradian rhythms in urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids
      were documented individually during an 8-day span in two pairs of young male
      twins. Studies were performed once at the age of 6 years for dizygotic twins and
      twice at the ages of 4.3 and 10.3 years for monozygotic twins. Four different
      methods were used for time-series analyses: chronograms (raw data), best-fitting
      curves resulting from cosinor analyses, power spectra and correlations of time
      qualified data. Estimates of rhythm parameters (prominent periods, acrophases,
      etc.) as well as shapes of curves were closer in mono- than in dizygotic twins.
      Both similarities and small differences in rhythm characteristics of monozygotic
      twins were detected at both ages considered.

PMID- 4039352
TI  - Odour recognition by male hamsters: discrimination of the hormonal state of
      females by odour from vaginal secretions.
AB  - Male hamsters were tested for their interest in females on different days of the
      oestrous cycle. Behaviour of males toward novel females was measured and (after
      exposure to vaginal secretion) towards females that matched or did not match that
      vaginal odour. Because pro-oestrous (day 4) females lay trails of vaginal
      secretion and will become receptive within a few hours, it was predicted that
      males would show more interest in day 4 than in other dioestrous females. While
      males showed no preference for novel, pro-oestrous females over dioestrous
      females, after pre-exposure to odour, their response to females was determined by
      the cycle day of the vaginal secretion to which they had been exposed. Males pre
      exposed to vaginal odour from females carrying large implants of oestrogen
      preferred to spend more time with females who matched that vaginal odour than
      mismatching females and to sniff them more. This preference was not seen if the
      females carried small oestrogen implants or had no replacement oestrogen. This
      suggests that pro-oestrous females (who are known to have high circulating levels
      of oestrogen) can, by means of their scent-marking behaviour, attract and keep
      males nearby until they become receptive.

PMID- 4039353
TI  - Mortality ratios and life expectancy in X chromatin positive males.
AB  - In a prospective study of 466 X chromatin positive males an increase in mortality
      of about 50% has been observed. The increase is associated with a loss of about
      five years in life span. There is no convincing evidence that the increase is
      concentrated at any particular age group but this possibility could not be
      excluded. No effect of mode of ascertainment could be demonstrated. From this
      study we conclude that it is likely that the mortality experienced by chromatin
      positive males in general is at least 115% of that experienced by normal men and
      could be more than 200%.

PMID- 4039354
TI  - Sib risk and the dizygotic twin concordance rate for multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Data have been reviewed on sib risk and the dizygotic twin concordance rate in
      multiple sclerosis. Even when rigorous criteria are applied, the dizygotic twin
      concordance rate for multiple sclerosis is apparently higher (perhaps 10 times
      higher) than could be explained by the sib risk. In contrast, twins with
      Parkinson's disease have low concordance rates even when ascertainment is by
      informal methods. It is concluded that such methods of ascertainment are not as
      biased as has been suggested, and that the high concordance rates reported for
      multiple sclerosis are a characteristic of the disease rather than an artifact of
      the ascertainment. Three hypotheses are considered which might, in principle,
      explain this high dizygotic twin concordance rate in multiple sclerosis: 1 One is
      certainly false, viz, that it is due to an excessive liability of dizygotic twins
      to the disease. 2 It is possible that a pathogen occurs in early infancy or in
      pregnancy itself. 3 It seems more likely that the high concordance rate may be
      explained in terms of age related events or sequences of events. (If such events
      were pathogenic for one member of a sibship, they would be pathogenic for another
      only if it were a co-twin).

PMID- 4039355
TI  - Cell surface changes during cleavage of newt eggs: scanning electron microscopic
      studies.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out on changes of the cell
      surface during the first cleavage of eggs of the newt, Cynopus (Triturus)
      pyrrhogaster. A dense population of elongated microvilli, which initially covered
      a double line indicating the initial furrow and stress marks running on each side
      of it, became located inside the pigmented area a little apart from its border
      with the unpigmented area when this borderline was established. This finding,
      together with data of carbon marking experiments, indicates that membrane growth
      occurs not only at the presumptive unpigmented surface, but also in a small
      portion of the presumptive pigmented area adjoining it. During cleavage within
      the vitelline membrane, a stable intercellular junction at the border of the
      pigmented and unpigmented surfaces was formed through the following successive
      processes: the appearance of individual lamellipodia on the borderline; contact
      of their apical filopodia with those of the opposite blastomere; contact of the
      lamellipodial bodies; and complete joining of the whole of the lamellipodia in
      contact. In cleavage of demembranated eggs, in which there is no chance of
      contact of lamellipodia of the two blastomeres, each lamellipodium persisted in
      an isolated state until the onset of the next division. In most cases, many
      strained or broken threads were seen across the space formed by opening of
      opposing blastomeres, at their peripheries. These threads were cytoplasmic in
      nature and showed cell contact. Similar threads were found stretched between
      blastomeres when the closed furrow was opened in medium containing EGTA.

PMID- 4039356
TI  - Localization of the factors producing the periodic activities responsible for
      synchronous cleavage in Xenopus embryos.
AB  - This paper investigates the localization within the Xenopus egg of the factors
      responsible for the periodic activities such as the cyclic rounding-up and
      flattening, related to the cleavage cycle. Denuded eggs were bisected along the
      boundary line between the animal and the vegetal hemispheres immediately after
      being rotated through 90 degrees off the vertical axis (Early Bisection). The
      resulting animal halves, though prevented from cell division by colchicine,
      showed typical periodic rounding-up as previously observed in enucleated egg
      fragments, whereas the vegetal halves did not. This result indicates that the
      factors inducing the periodic rounding-up are not distributed uniformly
      throughout the egg but localized mostly in the animal hemisphere. Furthermore,
      the distribution of these factors between the cortex and endoplasm of the animal
      hemisphere was investigated. Eggs were separated into animal and vegetal halves
      following incubation for 30 min after the 90 degrees-off axis rotation (Late
      Bisection). During this incubation the endoplasmic components become relocated in
      the rotated egg under the force of gravity. After the rotation, the Late-Bisected
      vegetal halves showed typical cyclic rounding-up in contrast to those formed by
      Early Bisection. These results suggest that the factors inducing the periodic
      rounding-up (and probably also many other cyclic activities, closely linked with
      the rounding-up movement) are localized in endoplasmic components which can be
      displaced by gravity from the animal to the vegetal hemisphere of the Xenopus
      egg.

PMID- 4039357
TI  - Protein synthetic patterns of tissues in the early chick embryo.
AB  - Tissues dissected from early chick embryos were labelled in vitro with
      [35S]methionine, and their patterns of polypeptide synthesis investigated using
      the technique of two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Apart
      from providing a preliminary description of the molecular changes associated with
      the processes of gastrulation and segmentation in the chick embryo, this study
      has revealed a number of polypeptides that may be useful as markers of cell type
      or function. The protein synthetic patterns of hypoblast from early and late
      gastrulae (stages 2 and 4, respectively: Hamburger & Hamilton, 1951) and of
      definitive endoblast and junctional endoblast from late gastrulae all resemble
      one another closely, but differ markedly from that of the epiblast at either
      stage. The lower layer tissues are characterized by the presence of eleven
      polypeptides that are largely absent from the epiblast. These findings are
      discussed with reference to current theories on the origins of the lower layer
      tissues. Comparisons between the 2-D patterns for tissues dissected from
      gastrulae and from embryos undergoing segmentation (stage 12) have revealed ten
      polypeptides showing stage-specific rather than tissue-specific expression. Apart
      from these ten polypeptides, the 2-D patterns for epiblast and ectoderm were
      practically identical, and distinguishable from those of other tissues by a lack
      of any unique polypeptides. On the other hand, stage-4 endoblast and stage-12
      endoderm differed in the expression of many polypeptides. One polypeptide was
      found that may be considered as a marker of mesodermal cell type, as it was
      present in lateral plate, segmental plate and somitic mesoderm, but not in
      tissues of the other germ layers. Lateral plate could be distinguished from the
      other mesodermal tissues in the expression of a number of polypeptides, but the
      similarity in the 2-D patterns for segmental plate and somites suggest that the
      separation of somites from the anterior end of the segmental plate is not
      accompanied by the synthesis of new polypeptides.

PMID- 4039358
TI  - Short-term and long-term intra-individual variations and critical differences of
      haematological laboratory parameters.
AB  - The complete blood cell count and the differential leukocyte count have been
      studied for their variations within-one-day and during one week (short-term
      variations) and during a period of six months (long-term variations) with an
      automatic haematology analyser (H-6000, Technicon), in which some new parameters
      (large unstained cells, high peroxidase cells, red cell distribution width,
      platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, plateletcrit) are included.
      The influence of external factors such as sex-differences, smoking/non-smoking,
      use of oral contraceptives etc. have also been studied. It appears that the use
      of critical differences together with haematological data improves the value of
      these parameters in diagnosis and treatment of patients.

PMID- 4039360
TI  - Delayed renal visualization during hepatobiliary scintigraphy.

PMID- 4039359
TI  - Brain glutamate decarboxylase and cholinergic enzyme activities in scrapie.
AB  - C57BL/6J mice, age 6-8 weeks were inoculated intracerebrally with brain
      homogenate from mice previously infected with the 139A strain of scrapie; control
      mice were identically treated with brain homogenate from non-infected normal
      mice. The activities of choline acetyltransferase (CAT), acetyl cholinesterase
      (AChE), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were determined in the forebrain
      and hindbrain of these animals after 67, 126 and 151 days post-inoculation. There
      were no significant differences in the activities of CAT and GAD between scrapie
      and control mice at early, middle or late stages of the disease in the scrapie
      infected animals; there was an about 20% decline in AChE activity in the scrapie
      brain.

PMID- 4039361
TI  - Zinc in human milk: diurnal and within-feed patterns.
AB  - To examine diurnal patterns of milk zinc concentrations, midfeed samples were
      obtained at approximately 6 a.m., 9 a.m., 12 noon, 3 p.m., 6 p.m., and 9 p.m. on
      a total of 29 days from 16 lactating women. Within-feed patterns were examined in
      32 subjects with analysis of samples of fore-, mid-, and hindmilk from a total of
      175 feeds. There were no significant differences between means for any of the
      diurnal intervals or between means for fore-, mid-, and hindmilk samples. These
      results indicate that milk zinc concentrations of random samples of human milk
      collected at any time of the day or of the feed can be accepted as representative
      for that day.

PMID- 4039362
TI  - Characteristics of the oestrous cycle and influence of social factors in grey
      short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica).
AB  - Characteristics of the oestrous cycle of grey short-tailed opossums were studied
      by vaginal smears. The period of oestrus was identified by a sudden proliferation
      of epithelial cells which lasted about 6 days (range 3-12 days), followed by a
      leucocytic infiltration. Oestrous cycle length showed a bimodal distribution of
      14.4 days (5 cycles, range 11-17 days) and 32.3 days (10 cycles, range 28-39
      days). Females housed with males showed more days of epithelial cell
      proliferation than did females housed alone, and oestrous periods tended to occur
      in synchrony, suggesting that social factors may influence the oestrous cycle in
      this species.

PMID- 4039363
TI  - Effects of progesterone, oestradiol benzoate and cloprostenol on luteal function
      in the heifer.
AB  - The effects of treatment with intravaginal progesterone (PRID) oestradiol
      benzoate and cloprostenol at various stages of the oestrous cycle were examined
      in 2 experiments. In Exp. 1, PRIDs were inserted for 14 days commencing on Day 3,
      10 or 17 of the oestrous cycle and half the animals in each group received 5 mg
      oestradiol benzoate at PRID insertion. Plasma samples were collected daily from
      the time of PRID insertion for 16 days, then every 4 days for a further 24 days.
      Samples were analysed for plasma progesterone concentration. In Exp. 2, heifers
      were treated on Day 10 as in Exp. 1, but half of each treatment group received
      750 micrograms cloprostenol at PRID insertion. In Exp. 1, treatment with PRID
      alone appeared to inhibit endogenous progesterone production when treatment began
      on Day 3, but not when treatment began on Days 10 or 17. Treatment with
      oestradiol benzoate at the time of PRID insertion depressed progesterone levels,
      from about 2-5 days after injection. When treatment began on Day 10, the fall in
      progesterone levels after oestradiol benzoate was preceded by a marked rise in
      levels. In Exp. 2, treatment with cloprostenol markedly reduced peripheral
      concentrations of progesterone and also removed the effect of oestradiol. We
      suggest that oestradiol benzoate had a luteolytic effect, depressing luteal
      progesterone production when given on Days 3, 10 or 17 and that when given on Day
      10 there was a transitory luteotrophic effect which preceded its luteolytic
      action.

PMID- 4039364
TI  - Structural and functional changes in ovaries from adult mice treated with
      diethylstilboestrol in the neonatal period.
AB  - Ovaries from 8-week-old female NMRI mice in different stages of the oestrous
      cycle, or from females neonatally treated with the synthetic oestrogen
      diethylstilboestrol (DES; 5-10(-6) micrograms daily for 5 days), were studied
      histologically and for the ability to synthesize steroids from [3H]pregnenolone
      in vitro. Daily doses of 10(-4) micrograms DES or higher resulted in absence of
      corpora lutea. In ovaries lacking corpora lutea, the interstitial tissue
      dominated and the cells in this compartment were large with a clear cytoplasm.
      The steroids synthesized in ovarian homogenates were separated with thin-layer
      chromatography. The homogeneity of the steroids was checked in recrystallization
      experiments. Daily doses of 5-10(-4) micrograms DES in the neonatal period
      resulted in pronounced deviations in the pattern of ovarian steroids synthesized
      as compared with control ovaries. In DES-exposed ovaries, the synthesis of
      androstenedione and, above all, progesterone was high while the synthesis of 17
      alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone was reduced compared with controls.
      These results could argue for a difference in activities of 17 alpha-hydroxylase
      and 17 beta-ol-dehydrogenase in ovaries from DES-treated females compared with
      controls. After transplantation of DES-exposed ovaries to ovariectomized control
      females, the steroid pattern changed to that typical for control ovaries. Control
      ovaries transplanted to DES-treated females had a steroid pattern similar to that
      of DES-exposed ovaries.

PMID- 4039365
TI  - Metabolism of palmitate in cultured rat Sertoli cells.
AB  - Isolated rat Sertoli cells were incubated in the presence of [1-14C]palmitate at
      a cell concentration of 1.54 +/- 0.31 mg protein/flask (n = 7). The oxidation of
      palmitate was concentration dependent and maximal oxidation was obtained at 0.35
      mM-palmitate. At a saturating concentration of palmitate the oxidation was linear
      for at least 6 h. About 65% of the total amount of palmitate oxidized during 5 h
      at 0.52 mM-palmitate (109 +/- 44 nmol/flask, n = 5) was recovered as CO2 and the
      rest as acid-soluble compounds. Almost all radioactive acid-soluble compounds
      which were secreted by the Sertoli cells were shown to be 3-hydroxybutyrate and
      acetoacetate. The palmitate recovery in cellular lipids and triacylglycerols was
      9.4 +/- 5.1 nmol/flask (n = 5) and 3.5 +/- 2.8 nmol/flask (n = 5) respectively.
      Addition of glucose had no significant effect on palmitate oxidation but caused a
      9-fold increase in esterification of palmitate into triacylglycerols. We conclude
      that cultured rat Sertoli cells can oxidize palmitate to CO2 and ketone bodies
      and that fatty acids appear to be a major energy substrate for these cells.

PMID- 4039366
TI  - Early evening prolactin rise in women with regular cycles.
AB  - Prolactin concentrations were measured in hourly integrated blood samples
      collected over 24 h in normally cyclic women during the follicular (N = 8) and
      the luteal (N = 7) phases of the menstrual cycle. Prolactin concentrations were
      increased during the evening in all the subjects when compared with the rest of
      the day-time wake-period. This rise was unrelated to sleep, and peak
      concentrations were seen at 20:00 h. During the luteal phase the magnitude of
      this evening rise of prolactin was significantly greater (P less than 0.02 at
      19:00 h and P less than 0.001 at 20:00 h) when compared with the follicular
      phase, and was only slightly smaller than the magnitude of the sleep-induced
      prolactin rise. It is therefore suggested that there may be an intrinsic rhythm
      in prolactin secretion apart from the sleep-induced rise.

PMID- 4039367
TI  - Response in peripheral plasma melatonin to photoperiod change and the effects of
      exogenous melatonin on seasonal quiescence in the tammar, Macropus eugenii.
AB  - During the light phase of each of 3 photoperiods tested, plasma melatonin
      concentrations were less than 16 to 62 pg/ml and during the dark phase they were
      31 to 169 pg/ml. When the photoperiod to which the tammars were exposed was
      altered from 15 h light:9 h dark to 12L:12D the onset of the nocturnal rise in
      melatonin was advanced from the first day, thereby extending its duration, and
      the females gave birth 32 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- s.e.m.) days later. To test whether
      melatonin mediated this effect of photo-period change, tammars in a second group
      were injected s.c. with melatonin (400 ng/kg, N = 6) or the arachis oil vehicle
      (N = 6), 2.5 to 2.25 h before dark during 15L:9D for 15 days before exposure to
      12.5L:11.5D. The melatonin injections mimicked the endogenous melatonin profile
      of 12L:12D and the melatonin-injected tammars gave birth 32 +/- 0.8 days after
      the start of injections, which was the same as the interval from photoperiod
      change in Exp. 1 but was significantly different (P less than 0.005) from the
      interval in the control group (46.0 +/- 1.1 days). These results show that
      exogenous melatonin given 2.5 to 2.25 h in advance of the endogenous rise fully
      mimics the response of the tammar to photoperiod change.

PMID- 4039368
TI  - Synthesis and central dopaminergic effects of N-(4,6-dimethyl-2
      pyridinyl)benzamides.
AB  - N-(4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)benzamides 1-24 and the corresponding tertiary
      derivatives 29-33 were synthesized and studied for possible dopamine-inhibitory
      properties by testing their effect on motility of naive and reserpinized mice.
      Unlike the orthopramides, they failed to show any antidopaminergic properties,
      but some of the secondary derivatives showed instead effects of postsynaptic
      dopaminergic agonism. The latter compounds were subsequently studied for their
      effects on apomorphine reversal of reserpine-induced akinesia and on cerebral HVA
      levels in rats. Contraversive circling induced by compound 11 in 6
      hydroxydopamine-lesioned mice suggests that a direct mechanism was involved.

PMID- 4039369
TI  - Resolution of 5,6-dihydroxy-2-(N,N-di-n-propylamino)tetralin in relation to the
      structural and stereochemical requirements for centrally acting dopamine
      agonists.
AB  - The enantiomers of 5,6-dimethoxy-2-(N,N-dipropylamino)tetralin were prepared with
      use of (+)- and (-)-dibenzoyltartaric acid as the resolving agent. Ether cleavage
      with BBr3 gave the enantiomers of the dihydroxy compound 5,6-dihydroxy-2-(N,N
      dipropylamino)tetralin (5,6-(OH)2-DPATN). The in vitro activities of (+)- and (-)
      5,6-(OH)2-DPATN were evaluated in binding studies with rat striatal tissue with
      use of [3H]-N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) as the ligand. IC50 (nM) values for (
      )- and (+)-5,6-(OH)2-DPATN were 2.5 and 400, respectively. The in vivo efficacy
      of the enantiomers was evaluated by examining their effects on the metabolism of
      dopamine in rat striatum. After a 0.5 mumol/kg ip injection of the (-)
      enantiomer, the concentrations of the metabolites HVA and DOPAC were reduced to
      50% of control values, whereas at this dose the (+) isomer was inactive. On the
      basis of these findings together with the stereochemical data of previously
      described DA agonists, a dopamine-receptor model has been developed which
      consists of two binding sites for the amine nitrogen of DA agonists in addition
      to a major binding sit for the m-hydroxy group. The relevance of this model with
      its accessory features is discussed in relation to the structure and
      pharmacological data of different DA agonists.

PMID- 4039370
TI  - Frequency and replication status of the fragile X, fra(X)(q27-28), in a pair of
      monozygotic twins of markedly differing intelligence.
AB  - Chromosome analysis using conventional staining, G banding, and, after BUdR
      incorporation, two R banding methods, one using Hoechst and one acridine orange,
      were performed on lymphocytes from a pair of female monozygotic twins. The
      culture conditions were designed to show the presence of the fragile X (q27-28)
      which had previously been found to be segregating in the family. One twin was of
      higher than normal intelligence and the other had been diagnosed as mentally
      retarded. The frequency of the occurrence of the early/active fragile X compared
      to the overall total of informative fragile X was determined using both methods
      described above and was also compared with previous published data in the form of
      a graph showing percentage of early/active fragile X against intelligence.

PMID- 4039371
TI  - Sex therapy and the penile prosthesis: a synthesis.
AB  - Although the availability of the penile prosthesis has changed the evaluation and
      treatment of erectile dysfunction, urologists and sex therapists have not
      combined their skills to develop comprehensive treatment plans. This paper
      describes one effort to use sex therapy techniques in evaluating and treating
      candidates for a penile prosthesis. The preoperative assessment focuses on
      multiaxial diagnosis of sexual problems in patient and partner and on the effects
      a prosthesis might have on their sexual and marital relationship. Men at high
      risk for a negative psychological reaction after surgery are offered presurgical
      sex therapy. Routine follow-up visits are scheduled for all patients during
      postoperative recovery and at 2-3 months postsurgery. If sexual dysfunction or
      dissatisfaction persists, sex therapy is again recommended. A case history
      exemplifies our methods, and the issue of financial costs of counseling vs.
      predicted benefits in terms of patient satisfaction is discussed.

PMID- 4039372
TI  - Recurrent or persistent urinary incontinence in patients with the artificial
      urinary sphincter: diagnostic considerations and management.
AB  - Clinical experience in the selection of patients for implantation of the
      artificial urinary sphincter and the surgical techniques for sphincter
      implantation indicate a need to provide suitable guidelines for patient followup
      and the management of post-implantation urinary incontinence. Two types of post
      implantation incontinence are recognized: 1) immediate post-activation
      incontinence and 2) delayed or recurrent incontinence. The potential causes, and
      the diagnostic and management techniques are dependent on not only an
      understanding of device function but also on the use of already available
      clinical tools. Physical examination, inflate-deflate roentgenograms of the
      device, cystoscopy and retrograde urethrography each has an important role in
      determining the cause and, therefore, the appropriate remedy for the restoration
      of urinary control. Causes that result in loss of urinary control after
      implantation include improper operation of the device by the patient, detrusor
      hyperreflexia, occlusive cuff erosion, improper cuff sizing and device
      malfunction. Proper recognition of the precise cause of post-implantation
      incontinence and workable guidelines for management will provide for effective
      assurance that urinary control can be restored successfully.

PMID- 4039373
TI  - Urethral sphincter electromyography with vaginal surface electrodes: a comparison
      with sphincter electromyography recorded via periurethral coaxial, anal sphincter
      needle and perianal surface electrodes.
AB  - Urethral sphincter electromyography recording via vaginal surface electrodes was
      compared to simultaneous sphincter electromyographic registrations obtained with
      a periurethral coaxial needle electrode and perianal surface or needle electrodes
      in 10 neurologically intact women. Qualitative similarity of the vaginal surface
      and periurethral needle electrode recordings was found. Based on this and our
      previous studies, we conclude that electromyographic recording with vaginal
      surface electrodes offers a simple and reliable technique to evaluate the
      striated urethral sphincter during routine urodynamic studies in women.

PMID- 4039374
TI  - The effect of 15-hour fat infusions of varying dosage on bilirubin binding to
      albumin.
AB  - Intravenous fat emulsions (1, 2, and 3 g/kg) were administered over 15 hr to 20
      appropriate for gestational age premature infants with physiologic
      hyperbilirubinemia to determine the effect of fat infusions on the serum free
      fatty acid:albumin molar ratio (F/A) and on unbound bilirubin. Significant
      increases (p less than 0.05) in F/A occurred with each increase in lipid dose in
      infants less than 30 wk gestation, but not in infants greater than or equal to 30
      wk gestation. There was a direct linear correlation (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001)
      between F/A ratio and unbound bilirubin (estimated fluorometrically by the ratio
      of albumin-bound bilirubin/reserve bilirubin binding capacity, B/R). The largest
      increases in unbound bilirubin (albumin-bound bilirubin/reserve bilirubin binding
      capacity) were seen in infants with F/A greater than 4.0. The gestational age of
      infants with F/A greater than 4.0 was significantly less (p less than 0.01) than
      infants with F/A less than 4.0 (28.7 +/- 0.47 vs. 31.1 +/- 0.40 wk, mean +/-
      SEM). In 10/58 infusions there was a fall in unbound bilirubin, unrelated to
      birthweight, gestational age, postnatal age, however, during these infusions the
      end-infusion F/A was greater than or equal to 3.0. We conclude that 1 g/kg of
      lipid emulsion infused over a 15-hr period has minimal risk of decreasing
      bilirubin binding in premature infants less than 30 wk gestation. As doses of 2
      or 3 g/kg are used, these infants may be at risk of decreased bilirubin binding,
      due to elevations in the F/A ratio. Monitoring of the F/A ratio may identify
      infants at risk for decreased bilirubin binding during lipid infusion and provide
      guidelines for determining the appropriate lipid dose.

PMID- 4039375
TI  - Systemic appearance of nutrients placed into the peritoneal cavity.
AB  - The use of the peritoneal cavity as a route for delivery of nutrients in patients
      on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis as well as patients not in renal
      failure has been proposed. In earlier studies we found dogs could be maintained
      for 30 days through continuous peritoneal infusion of a solution of amino acids,
      glucose, and lipids. We then conducted experiments to observe the rate of
      absorption of nutrients from the gut compared to the peritoneal cavity, the
      relative rate absorption of amino acids, sugars, and fats, and the absorption of
      of glucose polymers from the peritoneal cavity. These latter experiments are the
      subject of this report. In a dog model we observed D-xylose was more rapidly
      absorbed through the peritoneal cavity than through the gut, but amino acids were
      absorbed at the same rate. Glucose and amino acid are absorbed at the same rate
      through the peritoneal cavity, but lipids do not appear in the system circulation
      for 2 1/2 hr. Intraperitoneal glucose polymer produces an increase in serum
      glucose concentration that is lower and more sustained than what occurs after
      giving an equal amount of plain glucose. It is concluded that the peritoneal
      cavity rapidly transports glucose, amino acids, and glucose polymers and slowly
      transports lipids into the systemic circulation. Consideration of this route for
      delivery of nutritional support seems reasonable, but further studies of
      appropriate concentrations and rates of delivery will be required.

PMID- 4039376
TI  - The effect of major thermal injury on plasma ketone body levels.
AB  - Eleven patients with more than 30% total body surface burns were studied during 3
      days of starvation and three more days of unrestricted feeding following their
      injury. All patients developed marked protein mobilization as demonstrated by 3rd
      day urine nitrogen excretion of 17.1 g daily compared to control excretion of
      11.8 g N daily. As a group, the patients failed to mount the expected ketonemic
      response during their initial period of starvation. Whereas normal fasted
      controls achieved plasma ketone body levels of 727 +/- 81 mumol/liter, the burn
      patients responded with an average level of 385 +/- 77 mumol/liter (p less than
      0.01).

PMID- 4039377
TI  - The value of nutritional assessment in the surgical patient.
AB  - The prevalence of malnutrition in Veterans Administration Hospitals has been well
      documented. Several methods have been proposed to assess nutritional status
      including prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and instant nutritional assessment
      (INA). A prospective study was done to evaluate the currently used nutritional
      assessments and determine their efficacy based on sensitivity and specificity in
      predicting surgical morbidity and mortality. Data on 46 patients were evaluated
      for the multiparameter index of PNI, total lymphocyte count and serum albumin for
      INA, and weight loss alone. In this analysis, intermediate and high risk PNI were
      combined as positive predictor of complications. Any abnormal value in INA was
      considered positive as was weight loss of greater than 6% of usual body weight.
      Sensitivity and specificity of each assessment method were determined by 2 X 2
      contingency table, and significance of observed differences between methods was
      determined by chi 2 analysis. There were no complications or deaths in patients
      with less than 6% weight loss. All three patients with abnormal albumin and total
      lymphocyte count had complications as compared to only three of 32 patients when
      both of these parameters were normal. The PNI was also able to predict
      complications with an increasing incidence as the PNI increased. Only the
      difference between specificity of weight loss alone vs INA was statistically
      significant, p less than 0.05. Thus, weight loss alone can be used as a rapid,
      inexpensive assessment of nutritional status for predicting postoperative
      complications.

PMID- 4039379
TI  - Postoperative fall in serum zinc concentrations unaffected by intravenous zinc
      therapy.
AB  - The serum zinc levels and urinary zinc outputs before and after a middle severity
      operative trauma were investigated. The serum zinc concentration dropped markedly
      6 hr after operation in both supplemented and nonsupplemented groups. It
      gradually returned to near normal without exogenous supplies of zinc. Provision
      of therapeutic doses of zinc could not prevent the abrupt dip of the serum zinc
      level. The possible mechanism of such changes are discussed briefly.

PMID- 4039378
TI  - Nitrogen utilization from elemental diets.
AB  - Repletion experiments were performed in malnourished, chair-adapted primates to
      explore recently reported differences in nitrogen utilization from elemental
      diets. Two elemental diets were fed consecutively for 8 days through a
      gastrostomy. Diet C (maltodextrins, peptides, crystalline amino acids) resulted
      in: larger weight gain (F1,6 = 17.93, p less than 0.01); smaller decrease of
      serum albumin (F1,5 = 11.2, p less than 0.015), larger increase in total iron
      binding capacity (F1,6 = 30.6, p less than 0.002), and a more positive nitrogen
      balance (F1,6 = 30.4, p less than 0.002) than diet V (glucose oligosaccharides,
      crystalline amino acids). Diet C was considered to be more effective in the
      nutritional repletion of the study animals. Additional experiments were performed
      in normal human volunteers to investigate the metabolic fate of ingested
      glutamine and whether the rapid catabolism and excretion of the amido nitrogen of
      this amino acid, which constitutes 11.56% of total nitrogen in diet V, could
      explain the differences observed in primates in our study and in human subjects
      by other authors. Six normal volunteers were fed 15N amino glutamine, 15N
      alanine, or 15N H4Cl. Similar amounts of 15N from Gln and Ala were excreted in 10
      hr. The amido group of glutamine does not seem to be metabolized differently from
      the alpha-amino group of alanine under the conditions of the study. The marked
      differences in nitrogen utilization from the study diets could not be explained
      by the presence of relatively large amounts of glutamine in one of them.

PMID- 4039380
TI  - Creation of a subcutaneous tunnel for Broviac and Hickman catheters.
AB  - The use of the Cordis shunt tunneler has simplified the creation of the
      subcutaneous tunnel for chronic venous access catheters. The tunneling maneuver
      is rapid, is associated with little patient discomfort, and in a series of 25
      consecutive patients has not been associated with hematoma formation.

PMID- 4039381
TI  - Delayed pneumothorax: a complication of subclavian vein catheterization.

PMID- 4039382
TI  - [The cytotoxicity of chenodeoxycholic acid on primary cultured rat hepatocytes
      and cytoprotective action of prostaglandin E1].

PMID- 4039383
TI  - [Production of erosions and ulcers of the colon in Syrian hamsters with
      Bacteroides vulgatus isolated from the fecal microflora of human ulcerative
      colitis].

PMID- 4039384
TI  - Methionine-enkephalin inhibits stress-induced increases in noradrenaline turnover
      in brain regions of rats.
AB  - Met-Enkephalin injected i.c.v. attenuated stress-induced increases in levels of 3
      methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate, the major metabolite of brain
      noradrenaline, in the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, midbrain and
      LC region in rats. The data suggest that Met-enkephalin acts to attenuate stress
      induced increases in noradrenaline turnover in these brain regions in rats.

PMID- 4039385
TI  - Effect of elcatonin on experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers.
AB  - The antiulcer action of elcatonin, an analogue of natural eel calcitonin, was
      compared with that of cimetidine, secretin and solcoseryl. Elcatonin (3 to 10
      mu/kg, s.c.) inhibited the development of gastric ulcers induced by pylorus
      ligation, water-immersion stress, aspirin and reserpine and duodenal ulcers
      induced by cysteamine in rats. Moreover, once daily injections of elcatonin (1 to
      10 mu/kg/day, s.c.) promoted the healing of acetic acid-induced chronic gastric
      ulcers not only in rats but in dogs. The healing effect persisted after the
      cessation of administrations. Cimetidine (30 to 100 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the
      development of gastric ulcers induced by water-immersion stress, aspirin and
      reserpine and duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine in rats. However, once daily
      administrations of cimetidine (30 to 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) did not show
      significant effect on acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers in rats.
      Secretin (30 to 100 mu/kg, s.c.) inhibited the development of gastric ulcers
      induced by pylorus ligation, water-immersion stress, aspirin and reserpine in
      rats, but was not effective on cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers and acetic acid
      induced chronic gastric ulcers in rats. Solcoseryl (2 ml/kg, s.c.) inhibited only
      the development of water-immersion stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats. These
      results suggest that elcatonin is different from these reference drugs in its
      properties of action on experimental ulcers. Mechanisms of the antiulcer action
      of elcatonin which has a superior effect on experimental ulcers are discussed.

PMID- 4039386
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of preliminary adaptation of the body to
      moderate physical loading and brief stress exposures on heart contractile
      function disorders in long-term stress].
AB  - The effect of repeated emotional-painful stress stimuli and repeated moderate
      exercise (swimming) on cardiac resistance to long-term emotional-painful stress
      (EPS) was studied in Wistar rats. Adaptation to repeated exercises was found to
      significantly increase tension developed by the myocardium of an isolated auricle
      and myocardial resistance to hypoxia and excessive calcium, but it could not
      prevent the EPS-induced depression of contractility. Adaptation to short-term
      stress on the contrary, did not significantly affect myocardial tension and
      cardiac resistance to hypoxia and excessive calcium, but it completely prevented
      the long-term EPS-induced depression and considerably reduced the stress
      potentiating effect on the development of calcium and hypoxic contractures.
      Therefore, adaptation to stressful effects proper, rather than moderate exercise,
      can build up heart resistance to damaging stress effects.

PMID- 4039387
TI  - Peritoneal permeability in the rat: modulation by microfilament-active agents.
AB  - A model of peritoneal dialysis in the rat was used to determine the effects of
      cytochalasins on ultrastructure and peritoneal permeability to molecules of
      varying molecular weight. The permeability to urea, inulin, and plasma albumin
      were determined after intraperitoneal administration of cytochalasin B (2 to 10 X
      10(-6) M) and cytochalasins D and E (2 X 10(-6) M). Cytochalasin B (20 X 10(-6)
      M) increased the permeability to inulin, urea, and albumin by 30, 60, and 150%,
      respectively. These effects were, to a large degree, reversible. Cytochalasins D
      and E produced greater increments in permeability for all molecules; this
      increase was only partially reversible. Ultrastructure analysis by scanning
      electron microscopy revealed extensive development of membrane protuberances
      (zeiotic knobs) on mesothelial cells exposed to cytochalasin B. A return to a
      normal apical cell surface was apparent although incomplete at 24 hr. Tight
      junctions were not grossly altered and major changes in intramembranous
      junctional strands were not observed. The major effect of cytochalasins on the
      cell surface may be responsible for the increased permeability to urea,
      predominately a transcellular probe. Inulin, which follows a paracellular route,
      was less affected. Altered protein permeability may be due to the action of
      cytochalasin on the exposed capillary endothelium in subdiaphragmatic areas where
      the mesothelium is discontinuous.

PMID- 4039388
TI  - [Surgical treatment of epithelial pilonidal cysts].

PMID- 4039389
TI  - [Enuresis--symptom of delayed micturition development or an obstructive urinary
      tract anomaly?].
AB  - In a review of the literature the question of origin of enuresis was studied.
      Most authors agree that diminished bladder capacity and involuntary detrusor
      contractions are the main cause of primary enuresis. Urodynamic investigations
      are necessary to differentiate developmental delay in bladder function form true
      anatomic infravesical obstruction. Therapeutic measures are successful in 2/3 of
      enuretics. Enuresis has a great tendency of spontaneous disappearance around 15%
      per year.

PMID- 4039391
TI  - Cellular retinol-binding protein: what is its role in vitamin A metabolism?

PMID- 4039390
TI  - [Sensitivity of mammalian tissues to prolonged exposure to high-tension permanent
      magnetic fields].
AB  - The retinal epithelium, bone marrow and spermatogenic epithelium of mice exposed
      for 30 days to constant magnetic fields of 1.6 T were examined cytologically.
      During and after exposure the retinal and bone marrow epithelium showed no
      biologically significant deviations from normal. The mitotic changes were of
      small amplitude and insufficient to cause cell unbalance. No chromosome
      aberrations or degenerative changes in the cells were seen. In the spermatogenic
      epithelium the exposure to a constant magnetic field produced a destruction of
      mature cell elements. Due to this the total amount of spermatogenic cells was
      significantly lower during and immediately after exposure.

PMID- 4039393
TI  - Early language abilities of high-risk infants.
AB  - Ten children with a history of prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome
      (RDS) were matched with 10 full-term controls on the single-word stage of
      language. Eleven dependent variables probed for qualitative differences between
      the groups. Measures of receptive language were based on two assessment
      procedures specifically designed for this study. Expressive language measures
      were taken from a parent-elicited language sample. Control subjects demonstrated
      superior performance on all receptive language and child verbosity measures
      despite their younger age.

PMID- 4039392
TI  - Immunochemical studies on the localization and on the concentration of cellular
      retinol-binding protein in rat liver during perinatal development.
AB  - Studies were conducted to characterize the localization and the concentration of
      cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in rat liver during perinatal
      development. The studies employed both a specific immunohistochemical staining
      procedure and a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for CRBP. Dramatic
      changes were seen in both the levels and localization of CRBP. Marked increases
      in hepatic CRBP levels were seen during the last week of gestation and the first
      postnatal week, resulting in a quadrupling of CRBP levels in this 2-week
      interval. During the second postnatal week CRBP levels remained very high
      (approximately 110 to 120 micrograms/gm of wet weight, with peak values at about
      day 11 of age). During the third postnatal week, CRBP levels declined, followed
      by a further decline to adult levels (40 to 50 micrograms/ml) postweaning. A
      changing pattern of immunohistochemical localization of CRBP was seen that
      correlated with the changes in CRBP levels. In fetal livers at days 11 to 13 of
      gestation, CRBP was selectively localized in perisinusoidal cells that resembled
      stellate (fat-storing) cells in their location and shape but that lacked the
      lipid droplets usually seen in these cells in adult liver. During the final week
      of fetal development and the first postnatal week, a progressive increase in CRBP
      in parenchymal cells was seen. By the second postnatal week, very strong staining
      for CRBP was seen in all parenchymal cells. The staining of parenchymal cells for
      CRBP then declined, and by weaning (day 21) the pattern of localization of CRBP
      in liver resembled that seen in the adult, with low to medium staining seen in
      parenchymal cells and strongly intense staining in perisinusoidal stellate cells.
      Thus, the rise and then decline in intensity of CRBP staining in parenchymal
      cells paralleled the pattern of changes seen in CRBP levels during the perinatal
      period. In the placenta, CRBP was selectively localized in the trophoblast layer
      of the chorioallantoic placenta and in the entodermal layer of the yolk sac
      placenta. These findings suggest that either retinol is metabolized or plays a
      functional role at these placental sites.

PMID- 4039394
TI  - Deuterium labelled steroid hormones: tracers for the measurement of androgen
      plasma clearance rates in women.
AB  - A method employing stable isotope-labelled tracers and gas chromatograph-mass
      spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis has been used to measure the plasma clearance rates
      (PCR's) of androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) in normal women and women
      with androgen abnormalities including hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome. A
      solution of deuterium-labelled A and T is infused at a constant rate and blood
      samples taken at 2 and 2.25 h. Solvent extracts of the derived plasma samples, to
      which an internal standard has been added, are derivatized with
      pentafluoropropionic anhydride and the endogenous steroid and deuterated steroid
      are quantitated after an injection of the derivatization mixture into a capillary
      column GC-MS. The concentration of the deuterated steroid in the infusion mixture
      is measured and the PCR is calculated. In premenopausal normal women the PCRA is
      1950 +/- 184 1/24 h (n = 5) and the PCRT is 484 +/- 82 1/24 h (n = 7).

PMID- 4039395
TI  - Studies of a plasma membrane steroid receptor in Xenopus oocytes using the
      synthetic progestin RU 486.
AB  - A steroid binding protein (Mr = 110,000) has previously been identified in the
      plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes by photoaffinity labeling with
      [3H]R5020. In order to further characterize this steroid receptor, the
      photoaffinity labeled receptor protein was solubilized with 0.1% Brij 35. The
      solubilized labeled receptor yielded an approximate mol. wt of 102,000 +/- 2,000
      by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, suggesting that the solubilized
      receptor exists as a monomer. RU 486, a synthetic progestin antagonist for
      mammalian cytosolic receptor systems, inhibited up to 70% of [3H] R5020
      photoaffinity binding to the 110,000-Dalton receptor with an IC50 of 5 microM and
      induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) with an EC50 of 9.0 +/- 0.6 microM.
      GVBD induced by RU 486 was slower than with progesterone, and RU 486 was less
      powerful than progesterone. Micromolar concentrations of RU 486 also potentiated
      GVBD induced by sub-optimal concentrations of progesterone or R5020. Furthermore,
      RU 486 inhibited oocyte plasma membrane adenylate cyclase with an apparent IC50
      of 7.5 +/- 2.5 microM. The close correlation of the EC50 value for RU 486
      induction of GVBD with the IC50 values for inhibition of [3H]R5020 photoaffinity
      labeling of the 110,000-Dalton receptor and inhibition of adenylate cyclase
      activity further supports the physiological significance of the oocyte plasma
      membrane steroid receptor.

PMID- 4039396
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in a pregnant patient with a
      pheochromocytoma.
AB  - Five weeks after developing spells of shortness of breath, headache, weakness and
      abdominal pain, a 29-year-old woman, who was in the 36th week of her third
      pregnancy developed adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although the ARDS
      resolved after a cesarean section, her infant died at birth. Her "spells"
      continued until a left pheochromocytoma was diagnosed and resected 2 years later.
      If there are no other known inciting causes of ARDS in a pregnant patient, a
      pheochromocytoma should be ruled out with appropriate catecholamine
      determinations.

PMID- 4039397
TI  - Fifth annual meeting: American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery. Orlando,
      Florida, May 27-29, 1985.

PMID- 4039398
TI  - The monochromatic green argon laser in the management of macular disorders.
AB  - The authors have been using an argon laser photocoagulator equipped with a green
      filter for about 21/2 years. Compared to the usual blue-green argon laser, the
      advantage of such an instrument is that green radiation is not absorbed to any
      significant degree by macular pigment. This ensures a selective action on
      hemoglobin and pigment epithelium. The green wavelength appears to be extremely
      useful in the management of macular disorders. The authors report the criteria
      they follow and the technique they use in the treatment of subretinal neovascular
      membranes and of macular edema arising from different retinal vascular disorders.

PMID- 4039399
TI  - Growth hormone in normal female rat plasma appears on gel filtration as a large
      molecular weight form.
AB  - Gel filtration of female rat plasma with normal growth hormone (GH)
      concentrations (less than 100 ng/m1) showed that nearly all the immuno-reactivity
      was centred on a peak with an apparent molecular weight in the region of 82,000.
      In contrast, pituitary GH was almost entirely monomeric. The majority of plasma
      prolactin (PRL) in the same samples had a molecular weight of 23,000 (i.e.
      monomeric), and was similar in profile to pituitary PRL. Samples from male rats
      showed some GH immunoreactivity at the 82,000 molecular weight position but more
      than 65% coeluted with monomeric PRL. In female plasma with GH concentration
      between 300 and 1,000 ng/ml, immuno-reactivity resolved into peaks at the void
      volume, the monomeric position, and a peak at 82,000 that decreased, as a
      percentage of the total, with increasing GH concentration. These results indicate
      the possible presence of a GH binding factor, with greater activity in female
      than male rat plasma.

PMID- 4039400
TI  - Tocopherol-phospholipid liposomes: maximum content and stability to serum
      proteins.
AB  - This study addresses two questions: 1) what is the maximum amount of tocopherol
      that can be contained in egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes, and 2) what is the
      stability of these vesicles in the presence of serum proteins? These liposomes,
      made with a French pressure cell, can contain no more than 33 mol% of tocopherol.
      Tocopherol changes liposomes in a manner similar to cholesterol, making them
      larger, less permeable to aqueous dyes and highly resistant to protein-induced
      disruption. The suppression of protein-induced disruption is more pronounced with
      tocopherol than with cholesterol, even at lower molar ratios. Thus, liposomes
      containing alpha tocopherol (15 to 30 mol%) may be useful for delivering
      physiological quantities of this vitamin to cells in culture or to tissue in
      vivo.

PMID- 4039401
TI  - Cholesterol precursors and their diurnal rhythm in lipoproteins of patients with
      jejuno-ileal bypass and ileal dysfunction.
AB  - Cholesterol synthesis and its diurnal variation was studied by measuring
      squalene, free and esterified methyl sterols and cholesterol, and triglycerides
      in serum lipoproteins every four hours over a period of 24 hours in controls and
      in patients with jejunoileal bypass or ileal exclusion. Fat absorption, as
      indicated by postprandial increase of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipids
      (including chylomicrons) and fecal fat, was markedly impaired in jejunoileal
      bypass. Fecal analysis indicated that bile acid malabsorption enhanced
      cholesterol synthesis about sixfold in ileal dysfunction, and twofold in
      jejunoileal bypass with moderate bile acid and cholesterol malabsorption. The
      squalene contents were not increased consistently in the VLDL and combined low
      density plus high-density lipoproteins (LDL + HDL) of the two operated groups
      and, in contrast to the controls, the diurnal variation was inconsistent. The
      levels of unesterified methyl sterols, delta 8-dimethylsterol and delta 8
      methostenol in particular, were several times higher throughout the 24 hour
      period in the lipoproteins of the two patient groups than of the controls, were
      higher in ileal dysfunction than jejunoileal bypass, exhibited a constant diurnal
      rhythm in the controls but only in the relatively small VLDL fraction (not in the
      large LDL + HDL) of the operated groups, and were positively correlated with
      cholesterol synthesis in the three groups combined (for methyl sterols in VLDL r
      = 0.740 and in LDL + HDL r = 0.869). Esterified methyl sterols were also
      increased in the operated groups but were not correlated with cholesterol
      synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039402
TI  - Department of Public Health establishes review standards for new technologies.

PMID- 4039403
TI  - The role of cytoskeleton in the mechanisms of electric field effects and
      information transfer in cellular systems.
AB  - Microtubules and other cytoskeletal elements are ubiquitous components of all
      kinds of cellular systems. The suggestion is made that they are implicated in the
      mechanisms of biomedical and therapeutic field effects as well as in the
      processes of information transfer in neurons and other cells. Defined electrical
      properties and orientational field effects in microtubule systems are considered
      as a basis of such functions of the cytoskeleton. The concrete mechanisms of
      transfer of signals along the microtubules and other cytoskeletal fibres may
      involve cooperative periodical changes of conformation, of ion binding, or of
      different electrical parameters and enzymatic activities of their components.

PMID- 4039404
TI  - Effect of minor surgery on urinary flow and electrolyte excretion in the awake
      dog.
AB  - Spontaneous variations in urinary flow and electrolyte excretion are well known
      to occur both in man and in the non-human primate. Data on these spontaneous
      variations is scarce in the dog, an animal which is widely used in physiological
      investigations. Our study was designed to characterize the spontaneous pattern of
      renal hemodynamics, urine flow and electrolyte excretion in the awake dog both
      under conditions of minimal surgical stress (group I), and after routine
      preparatory surgery (group II). Our results show significant spontaneous
      variation for urine flow and urinary excretion of Na, K, Cl, HCO3, Ca, PO4 and Mg
      for both groups of dogs. Urinary excretion of Na, K, PO4 and Mg was significantly
      higher for group II than for group I (p less than 0.05). Glomerular filtration
      rate and effective renal plasma flow (estimated from the clearance of p
      aminohippurate) were measured in group II and showed no spontaneous variation.
      Our study shows that there is diurnal urinary electrolyte excretion variation in
      the dog which is exaggerated by small changes in the experimental protocol. These
      variations need to be considered when evaluating experimental maneuvers that
      induce changes in the renal handling of electrolytes in the dog.

PMID- 4039405
TI  - Tissue-specific inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by
      carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.
AB  - The N-nitrosamines N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN), N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and
      4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) were injected
      intraperitoneally 24 h before sacrifice in F344 rats and C57BL mice in doses of
      297 mumoles/kg b.w. and 148 mumoles/kg b.w., respectively. 2 h before sacrifice,
      the animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of [3H]thymidine. The results
      showed that the examined N-nitrosamines inhibited the incorporation of
      [3H]thymidine into DNA in a few tissues of the rats and the mice. The results
      indicated that the N-nitrosamines exerted a tissue-specific inhibition of the
      [3H]thymidine incorporation in the tissues reported to be involved in the
      biotransformation of these substances. The observed inhibitory effects on the
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine by DMN, NNN and NNK were also correlated to a
      considerable extent to the reported sites of carcinogenicity. The present study
      indicates that measurements of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in various
      tissues of experimental animals is a useful short-term bioassay to evaluate the
      potential tissue-specific carcinogenicity of the N-nitrosamines. The method may
      also be useful as a complement to other short-term in vivo tests in the screening
      of potential genotoxicity of several other chemicals.

PMID- 4039406
TI  - Biosynthesis of two stage-specific membrane proteins during transformation of
      Plasmodium gallinaceum zygotes into ookinetes.
AB  - We have studied the synthesis and expression of surface proteins in zygotes of
      Plasmodium gallinaceum during their transformation to mature ookinetes. The cells
      were biosynthetically labelled in vitro using [35S]methionine and proteins were
      immunoprecipitated with rabbit anti-ookinete serum or monoclonal antibodies.
      Early zygotes (approx. 2 h post-gametogenesis and fertilization) synthesized and
      expressed on their surface a protein of Mr 26 000 as observed under reducing
      conditions on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) (31 000 under non-reducing conditions) and continued
      to do so for 8-10 h; thereafter synthesis of the Mr 26 000 protein declined and
      little or none was synthesized in the mature ookinetes (greater than 20 h post
      gametogenesis). Between 3-5 h post-gametogenesis, zygotes also began to
      synthesize a protein of Mr 28 000 (34 000 under non-reducing conditions).
      Synthesis and expression of this surface protein continued throughout
      development; and the Mr 28 000 protein was the predominant surface protein
      synthesized by the mature ookinete. Mr 26 000 and Mr 28 000 proteins have been
      designated earlier as PgO-1 and PgO-2 respectively (Carter and Kaushal, Mol.
      Biochem. Parasitol. (1984) 13, 235-241). Neither protein was synthesized in the
      gametocytes prior to gametogenesis. Both proteins could be labelled with
      [3H]glucosamine or [3H]mannose. When zygotes were incubated with [3H]palmitic
      acid both PgO-1 and PgO-2 bound fatty acids in covalent linkage. The two proteins
      do not otherwise appear to be structurally related. They were differentially
      immunoprecipitated by different monoclonal antibodies and gave rise to distinct
      patterns of peptides following digestion with proteases such as Staphylococcus
      aureus V-8, trypsin and chymotrypsin.

PMID- 4039407
TI  - Evidence for the occurrence of respiratory electron transport in adult Brugia
      pahangi and Dipetalonema viteae.
AB  - Mixed-sex adult stages of Brugia pahangi and Dipetalonema viteae, in the absence
      of exogenous substrate, consumed oxygen at rates of 4.18 +/- 0.38 and 2.12 +/-
      0.20 ngatoms O2 min-1 mg-1 dry wt. respectively. When calculated on a unit dry
      weight basis the endogenous O2 consumption rates (E-QO2) of mature adult male
      macrofilariae of B. pahangi and D. viteae were significantly greater than those
      of mature females, although the E-QO2 calculated per individual worm was
      essentially similar irrespective of sex. When assayed as separate unisexual
      groups, the oxygen uptake of male and female macrofilariae of both species was
      inhibited by classical inhibitors of respiratory electron transport (RET), and
      showed classical substrate bypass phenomena in response to succinate and
      ascorbate, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine with respect to the RET
      inhibitors rotenone (inhibitor of complex I) and antimycin A (inhibitor of
      complex III). Since male worms elicited similar responses to the classical RET
      inhibitors as did mixed-sex and/or adult female populations, the possibility that
      developmental stages contained within the female filariids were contributing in
      any significant manner to the overall responses observed with the RET inhibitors
      can be discounted. Such responses as observed with live-intact macrofilariae are
      normally elicited only by mitochondrial preparations and suggest that the
      cuticles of both species are permeable to rotenone, succinate, antimycin A,
      N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, azide and cyanide. The uncoupler 2,4
      dinitrophenol stimulated the endogenous rate of oxygen consumption (E-QO2) of
      intact B. pahangi at 33-160 microM, indicating the probable occurrence of RET
      coupled oxidative phosphorylation. Higher concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol
      proved inhibitory. Respiratory studies on subcellular fractions substantiated the
      responses elicited by the intact parasites, suggesting the presence of antimycin
      A-sensitive and -insensitive RET pathways capable of utilising alpha
      glycerophosphate, succinate, and malate as substrates. Both B. pahangi and D.
      viteae macrofilariae therefore probably possess branched RET-pathways bifurcating
      on the substrate side of RET-complex III. The rates of substrate oxidation in
      terms of QO2 mg-1 mitochondrial protein compare well with those observed with
      other nematode parasites.

PMID- 4039408
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent patients.
AB  - The intestinal protozoan cryptosporidium is known to cause diarrhea in
      immunocompromised patients, but few cases have been reported in detail in
      immunocompetent persons. During a 12-month period, we identified cryptosporidium
      in the stools of 43 immunocompetent patients. The numbers of cases were increased
      in those under 4 years old and in those from 30 to 39 years old. Of 30 index
      cases, 23 (77 per cent) were diagnosed in the late summer or the fall. Fifteen of
      the 43 patients (35 per cent) had other gastrointestinal pathogens, of which only
      Giardia lamblia was statistically associated with cryptosporidium. In the 28
      patients in whom other gastrointestinal pathogens were not identified, the
      clinical manifestations were predominantly watery, nonbloody diarrhea and, less
      commonly, abdominal discomfort, anorexia, fever, nausea, and weight loss. The
      infection was self-limited in all 43 patients. Clustering of cases occurred in a
      day-care center and in two families. These clinical observations confirm
      worldwide findings and suggest that cryptosporidium is a relatively common
      nonviral cause of self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent persons in the
      northeastern United States.

PMID- 4039410
TI  - Hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4039409
TI  - Studies of kidney and muscle biopsy specimens from identical twins discordant for
      type I diabetes mellitus.
AB  - To distinguish metabolic from genetic factors in the development of
      microangiopathy in diabetes, we evaluated biopsy specimens of kidney and
      quadriceps muscle from seven pairs of identical twins who were discordant for
      Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Two of the diabetic patients had
      clinical diabetic nephropathy, including hypertension, marked albuminuria, and a
      substantially reduced creatinine clearance; the other five had normal renal
      function and only minor clinical indications of complications. All the twins of
      the diabetic patients had normal glomerular basement membrane widths and normal
      fractional volumes of the glomerular mesangium. Values for glomerular basement
      membrane width, tubular basement membrane width, and mesangial volume in each
      diabetic twin exceeded the values in the respective sibling (P less than or equal
      to 0.0035), even if the value in the diabetic twin lay within established normal
      ranges. Values for muscle capillary basement membrane width in the diabetic twins
      did not differ from those in their siblings (P = 0.5). Our observations suggest
      that the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes are necessary, if not sufficient,
      for the development of glomerular abnormalities. We also conclude that in
      diabetic patients, alterations in muscle capillary basement membrane width do not
      necessarily accompany pathologic lesions in the kidney.

PMID- 4039411
TI  - Isochromosome 9q in an infant exposed to ethanol prenatally.

PMID- 4039412
TI  - An animal model of Curvularia geniculata and its relationship with human disease.
AB  - The conidiospore of Curvularia geniculata was observed in the bronchial washings
      of a patient who subsequently developed pulmonary aspergillosis. Curvularia
      geniculata was grown in culture and used in experiments in mice to explore its
      possible role as a disease causing agent. The fungus, after intraperitoneal
      injection, produced granulomas in the liver and spleen. Studies on the
      pathogenicity of this fungus in mice produced similar lesions to those observed
      in the human case. A comparison of the lesions in the patient's lung and in the
      animal experimental model is presented.

PMID- 4039413
TI  - Thermodynamic compatibility of proteins in aqueous media. Part. I. Phase diagrams
      of some water--protein A--protein B systems.
AB  - The thermodynamic compatibility of proteins belonging to different classes
      according to Osborne has been investigated in aqueous media. Phase equilibrium
      for water--ovalbumin--soybean globulin fraction, water--ovalbumin--casein, water-
      casein--gliadin and water--casein--soybean globulin fraction systems has been
      investigated. The data obtained were analysed according to the theoretical
      concepts of Scott, Patterson and Prausnitz concerning the effect of polymer molar
      masses and the solvent quality on the phase equilibrium in similar systems. The
      analysis performed indicates that these concepts can be applied to the water-
      protein A--protein B systems. The phase equilibrium in water--protein A--protein
      B systems has some distinctive features as compared to that in systems containing
      two synthetic polymers in the single solvent. Firstly, proteins are usually
      compatible in a broader concentration range as compared to common polymers.
      Moreover, the separation of water--protein A--protein B systems into two phases
      often results in a considerable concentration of one of the protein components.
      Apparently, the latter fact can be associated with the marked difference in the
      interaction parameter of proteins belonging to different classes with the
      solvent, and, hence, with the marked difference in the hydrophilicity of the
      proteins investigated.

PMID- 4039414
TI  - Homoeo boxes and strings for the packaging of genes?

PMID- 4039415
TI  - Education policy and the heritability of educational attainment.
AB  - Many workers assume that genetically determined differences in intellectual
      ability will be influenced little by changes in educational policy or other
      environmental interventions. Others, however, have suggested that increasing
      equality of educational opportunity will lead to an increase in the heritability
      of educational attainment. The resolution of this issue has been delayed until
      now because of the extremely large sample sizes which would be required.
      Education data on twins and their parents, from the Norwegian twin panel, provide
      a unique opportunity to determine the impact on the heritability of educational
      attainment of the more liberal social and educational policies introduced in
      Norway after the Second World War. As reported here, for individuals born before
      1940 there is a strong effect of family background on educational attainment,
      accounting for 47% of the variance, though genetic factors account for an
      additional 41% of the variance. For females born after 1940 and before 1961, the
      relative importance of genetic (38-45%) and familial environmental (41-50%)
      differences changes very little. For males born during the same period, the broad
      heritability of educational attainment has increased substantially (67-74%), and
      the environmental impact of family background has correspondingly decreased (8
      10%). For males, at least, having well-educated parents no longer predicts
      educational success, as measured by duration of education, independent of the
      individual's own innate abilities.

PMID- 4039416
TI  - Unidirectional influx and phosphorylation of glucose analogues in cultured
      astroblasts.
AB  - Unidirectional influx of 14C-3OMG (3-O-methyl-D-glucose) and rate of
      phosphorylation of 14C-2DG (2-deoxy-D-glucose) were determined in primary
      cultures of astroblasts under conditions with negligible unstirred layers. The
      influx exhibited rate constants between 7.2 and 8.3 min-1 in the concentration
      range 2.5-25 mM of unlabeled 3OMG and was considered constant, irrespective of
      concentration of 3OMG. The rate of phosphorylation of 14C-2DG declined for rising
      concentrations of 2DG and hence showed saturability. The rate constants ranged
      from 7.9 to 0.1 min-1 in the concentration range 0.04-25 mM of 2DG. These results
      are not consistent with the view that the influx limits the rate of
      phosphorylation. They support the notion that the influx is not rate limiting for
      the phosphorylation.

PMID- 4039417
TI  - [A case of concomitant posterior fossa and supratentorial hemangioblastomas].
AB  - The patient was a 31-year-old female who complained of headache and gait
      disturbance and admitted to our hospital on January 14, 1983. Familiar history
      revealed that her mother died of hemorrhage from hemangioblastoma in area
      postrema. Neurological examination revealed bilateral papilledema, right
      cerebellar sign and ataxia. Other neurological and clinical examinations were
      normal. CT-scan showed a right cystic cerebellar lesion and a right
      intraventricular lesion suggestive of hemangioblastomas. Right vertebral
      angiography demonstrated two vascular tumors lying in the right cerebellar
      hemisphere and right trigone of the lateral ventricle. Operation was performed on
      January 28, 1983. The histological diagnosis were hemangioblastomas.

PMID- 4039418
TI  - The interaction of the medial preoptic area and the dorsomedial-ventromedial
      nuclei of the hypothalamus in the regulation of the mating-induced release of
      prolactin.
AB  - The medial preoptic area (MPOA) and the dorsomedial-ventromedial nuclei (DMN-VMN)
      of the hypothalamus regulate the mating-induced nocturnal and diurnal surges of
      prolactin in rats. The neural mechanisms governing the release of the two surges
      differ. For the nocturnal surge the MPOA serves an inhibitory role while the DMN
      VMN serves a stimulatory role. The diurnal surge is controlled by both areas
      functioning as stimulatory centers. The goal of the present study was to explore
      the possibility of functional interactions between the MPOA and the DMN-VMN in
      control of mating-induced prolactin secretion. Stimulation of the MPOA in
      conscious, cervically stimulated (CS) females suppresses the nocturnal surge of
      prolactin. To determine if the inhibitory effects of the MPOA operate through the
      DMN-VMN, electrical stimulation was applied to the MPOA of conscious
      ovariectomized female rats bearing bilateral electrolytic lesions of the DMN-VMN.
      In the first experiment, control (sham-stimulated, sham-lesioned) CS females
      exhibited normal nocturnal surges which peaked at 03.00 h. MPOA stimulation
      (01.00-05.00 h) of both sham-lesioned and DMN-VMN lesioned CS females inhibited
      the release of their nocturnal surges. This suggests that the inhibitory function
      of the MPOA is independent of the DMN-VMN. MPOA stimulation can induce the
      release of a diurnal surge if the females are anesthetized with pentobarbital. In
      the second experiment, MPOA stimulation (15.00-19.00 h) of sham-lesioned
      anesthetized females produced elevated prolactin levels with significant peaks at
      15.30 and 19.00 h. Anesthetized females with DMN-VMN lesions did not respond to
      MPOA stimulation with any change in prolactin secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039420
TI  - Haloperidol in large doses reduces the cataleptic response and increases
      noradrenaline metabolism in the brain of the rat.
AB  - The neurochemical basis for the clinical observation that some patients receiving
      a large dose of haloperidol exhibit no extrapyramidal side effects was
      investigated in rats. Haloperidol at doses of 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg (i.p.)
      caused a dose-dependent decrease in the duration of catalepsy. Haloperidol at a
      dose of 10 mg/kg induced catalepsy lasting for only 20% of that obtained with 1
      mg/kg. Haloperidol decreased the content of noradrenaline in the frontal cortex
      and thalamus in a dose-dependent manner, while the content of 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) showed a dose-dependent increase in the same areas of
      the brain. Thus, there was an inverse relationship between the duration of
      catalepsy and the ratio of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol to noradrenaline in
      the frontal cortex or thalamus. The concomitant administration of 20 mg/kg of
      phenoxybenzamine with 10 mg/kg of haloperidol induced a long-lasting catalepsy.
      The result may indicate that the increased metabolism of noradrenaline by large
      doses of haloperidol was not secondary to the blocking of dopaminergic receptors.
      In contrast, haloperidol caused a dose-dependent decrease in the content of
      homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the striatum and
      mesolimbic area. These results indicate that noradrenergic hyperfunction in the
      frontal cortex or thalamus induced by large doses of haloperidol may reduce the
      cataleptogenic effect of the drug via indirect stimulation of a dopaminoceptive
      neuron in the striatum or mesolimbic area.

PMID- 4039419
TI  - Tolerance to some behavioural effects of lisuride, a dopamine receptor agonist,
      and reverse tolerance to others, after repeated administration.
AB  - To investigate whether prolonged pretreatment with the dopamine (DA) agonist
      lisuride would result in modification of some of its behavioural effects, food
      intake, locomotor activity, body temperature or stereotyped and mounting
      behaviour were evaluated after acute injections of different doses of lisuride
      into rats, pretreated daily for four weeks with either saline or lisuride. Rats
      pretreated with lisuride developed tolerance to its anorexigenic and hypothermic
      effects, and reverse tolerance to its effects on locomotor activity, stereotyped
      and mounting behaviour. Pretreatment with lisuride did not modify the activity of
      drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. These results, in addition to revealing
      the pattern of the changes in the behavioural effects of a DA agonist drug, after
      repeated administration, may be taken as evidence for the existence of different
      DA receptor systems in different areas of the brain, that mediate different
      behavioural effects, and that differ markedly in their reactions to prolonged
      stimulation with an agonist drug.

PMID- 4039421
TI  - Acremonium kiliense osteomyelitis of the calvarium.
AB  - A 35-year-old man with osteomyelitis of the calvarium, from which Acremonium
      kiliense was consistently isolated, was successfully treated with amphotericin-B
      and ketoconazole in addition to craniectomy. Subsequent acrylic cranioplasty
      produced a good cosmetic result.

PMID- 4039422
TI  - Effect of haloperidol and sulpiride on dopamine metabolism in nucleus accumbens
      and olfactory tubercle: a study by in vivo voltammetry.
AB  - Differential pulse voltammetry used with electrochemically pretreated carbon
      fibre microelectrodes enables separation between the two peaks corresponding to
      the ascorbic acid and catechol oxidation currents. The effects of haloperidol and
      sulpiride on the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid peak recorded in the nucleus
      accumbens and olfactory tubercle of rats were studied. Chloral hydrate
      anaesthetized preparations and chronic preparations were used. A microdevice was
      designed to implant electrodes in freely moving rats. Voltammograms were recorded
      every minute in each structure in acute preparations and every 2 min in chronic
      preparations. In acute preparations haloperidol induced a similar dose-dependent
      increase in the catechol oxidation peak in both structures. Sulpiride at all
      doses only induced an increase in the olfactory tubercle. In chronic preparations
      haloperidol and sulpiride had even larger effects on the 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid peak in both regions. In these preparations sulpiride
      induced a significant increase in nucleus accumbens. The effects induced by
      haloperidol in the two regions were greater than those induced by sulpiride. The
      main conclusions of this study are that the results of voltammetry agree with
      biochemical results on the effects of haloperidol and sulpiride on dopamine
      metabolism. An interaction of chloral hydrate with the effects of the two
      neuroleptics was also observed.

PMID- 4039423
TI  - Regional and cellular differences in fucosylation of glycomacromolecules in the
      mouse brain. A biochemical and autoradiographic study of early postnatal and
      adolescent animals.
AB  - Mice of CBA strain of both sex were injected with [3H]fucose at age 2, 6, 12 or
      30 days and the incorporation was determined biochemically 45, 90 and 180 min
      later. Biochemical measurements of the whole brain (at 90 min postinjection
      interval) revealed a stepwise age decrease in the amount of incorporated isotope
      (per mg protein). The amount of [3H]fucose available in the brain has however
      been found to decrease with age while the degree of its utilization increases.
      Thus, after correction of the data on [3H]fucose incorporation for the pool of
      the free isotope, a transient increase in fucosylation rate appeared at postnatal
      day 12 while the differences among 2-, 6- and 30-day-old animals became
      negligible. Further, the synthesis of fucosylated soluble glycomacromolecules
      appeared relatively higher at postnatal day 2 than in older age groups.
      Examination of different brain regions revealed that the rate of fucosylation is
      relatively highest in the olfactory bulbs; this prevalence starts appearing with
      age and becomes most evident in 30-day-old mice. Autoradiography carried out with
      6- and 12-day-old animals revealed that the incorporation of [3H]fucose into
      meningovascular apparatus and the choroid plexus is a few times higher than into
      brain parenchyma. The regional differences appeared to be similar to those
      indicated by the biochemical data. Cellular analysis has shown that the
      incorporation is relatively higher in the cytoplasm of large projecting neurons
      of the cerebellum, hippocampus and the olfactory bulbs; in the latter region high
      amounts of macromolecule-bound [3H]fucose also appeared in the synaptic
      glomeruli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039424
TI  - Activity, creatine kinase, and myoglobin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a clue
      to etiology?
AB  - Large and seemingly random fluctuations in the serum levels of creatine kinase
      (CK) and myoglobin (Mb) have been noted in patients with Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy. We studied seven affected boys, aged 2 to 9 years. Blood was drawn for
      CK and Mb every 4 hours, and the boys' activity was documented hourly for 4 days.
      There was a close correlation between serum levels of CK and Mb with physical
      activity. Fluctuations in serum levels of CK and Mb are not random and may result
      from an abnormality of fatty acid metabolism.

PMID- 4039425
TI  - [Aortic surgery and sexual function].
AB  - An account is offered of the haemodynamic and neurological questions posed by the
      relation between reconstructive aortoiliac surgery and sexual function. Attention
      is drawn to the anatomical and surgical features of the preaortic sympathetic
      structures. In the light of experience gained in pelvic haemodynamic evaluation
      with the Doppler penile pressure index, a method that has proved very useful in
      the study of pre- and postoperative impotence in the arteriopathic subject,
      stress is laid on three conclusions: a) the high frequency of impotence in
      aortoiliac arteriopathy (65% in a personal series); b) the beneficial effect on
      penile circulation of revascularisation of the hypogastric artery (increase in
      pressure index in 70% of cases); c) the relatively high incidence of
      postoperative sexual disturbances (30% in the personal series) due to lesion of
      the preaortic sympathetic structures, the risk being greater with techniques
      requiring wide exposure of the aorta. This danger is foreseeable in all sexually
      potent patients and should determine the indication for surgery, the method
      chosen (extra-peritoneal route, extra-anatomical by-pass), and the technique (in
      an aorto-femoral by-pass, the aorta should be prepared in accordance with
      carefully followed rules of surgical anatomy, and confined wherever possible to a
      short infrarenal segment).

PMID- 4039426
TI  - The control exerted by the substantia nigra on the quiet biting attack elicited
      by hypothalamic stimulation in the cat.
AB  - The effects of substantia nigra (SN) (pars compacta) stimulation on the quiet
      biting attack evoked by hypothalamic activation in the cat were studied. The
      measure of the aggressive behavior was the latency of the biting which did not
      greatly change from one animal to another when hypothalamic stimulation was
      performed with the same parameters. Concurrent activation of the SN determined an
      inhibitory effect on the studied behavior in the form of an increase in the
      biting latency or loss of the attack pattern. The inhibitory role of the SN on
      predatory attack behavior is discussed.

PMID- 4039427
TI  - Increase of self-mutilation behavior in forelimb deafferented rats, following
      stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus.
AB  - The role of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) was studied in rats which develop
      scratching or/and self-mutilation after deafferentation of brachial plexus. The
      extent of the lesions was measured in four groups of deafferented rats. Two
      control groups: implanted and not implanted, a group of animals in which DRN was
      stimulated, and a group in which it was electrolytically destroyed. We observed
      an increase of scratching and self-mutilation in the implanted group but overall
      in the stimulated group, and no change in the abnormal behavior was provoked by
      DRN lesion.

PMID- 4039428
TI  - Blind, olfactory bulbectomized female rats do not have daily luteinizing hormone
      surges.
AB  - Previous studies from other laboratories have shown that female hamsters on short
      photoperiod become acyclic and have daily LH surges. These effects are eliminated
      if the animals are pinealectomized (PX) before being placed on the short
      photoperiod. Reiter and colleagues have shown that pre-pubertally blinded (BL)
      and olfactory bulbectomized (BX) female rats also have irregular estrous cycles,
      and this effect is also eliminated by PX [Endocr. Rev., 1 (1983) 109]. The main
      question addressed by the present study was whether the BL + BX rats also have
      daily LH surges. Twenty-five-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into
      5 groups: LD 14:10 sham (control); BL + BX; BL + BX + PX; LD 6:18 sham; and LD
      6:18 BX. Ten weeks following surgery, all animals were sampled (0.5 ml) every 5 h
      for 2 days from an indwelling atrial catheter. Daily vaginal smears indicated
      that the BL + BX group were in estrus much less frequently than controls (15.8 +/
      1.8 vs 27.3 +/- 1.5% of days cornified cells, 10 rats/group smeared for more
      than 23 days each) and in general had longer, irregular cycles. The other 3
      groups all had smear patterns similar to controls. All 5 groups had LH surges on
      the day of proestrus (greater than 200 ng/ml maximum value), but no group had LH
      surges on 2 sequential days or an LH surge on any other day of the
      cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039429
TI  - [Immunodepressive effect of cell populations with varying erythropoietic activity
      in embryos and newborn mice].
AB  - The cells of liver from the 11-12 day old embryos and of spleen from newborn mice
      were transplanted to adult syngeneic recipients immunized by the ram
      erythrocytes. The immune response in the recipient spleens was estimated by the
      number of antibody-forming cells. The cells of embryonic liver and of newborn
      spleen suppressed the immune response in recipients to a great extent. The
      immunodepressive effect obtained was similar to suppression due to the transfer
      of cell populations from the mice in which erythropoiesis was stimulated by
      hypoxia of phenylhydrazine. The splenocytes of adult control mice and the cells
      of spleen from 6-9 day old mice did not exert such an effect. The rabbit
      antiserum to erythroid cells relieved the suppressor effect of the embryonic
      liver and neonatal spleen cells, as well as of the other erythropoietic
      populations. A conclusion is drawn on participation of cells-suppressors of the
      erythroid nature in the mechanisms of immunological non-responsiveness at the
      early ontogenetic stages in mice.

PMID- 4039430
TI  - [Regulating role of the microtubule system in the distribution of actin
      microfilament bundles in embryonic fibroblasts].
AB  - The effect of colcemid on the distribution of actin microfilament bundles in the
      mouse embryo fibroblasts was studied using immunomorphological methods. In the
      control fibroblasts, microfilament bundles usually cross the entire cell and are
      oriented in parallel to the stable edges of the cell. In the colcemid-treated
      cells there are several groups of bundles. In each group all bundles are oriented
      in the same direction but these directions do not depend on the cell shape.
      Besides, bundles in the colcemid-treated cells are shorter than in the control
      cells. Microtubules are suggested to control the organization of action bundles.

PMID- 4039431
TI  - [Effect of certain factors on sheep oocyte maturation when cultured within intact
      follicles].
AB  - The effect of the medium composition and cultivation time on the maturation of
      sheep oocytes cultivated in vitro within the intact follicles was studied. The
      highest incidence of maturation was observed in medium 199 with 20% of sheep
      serum taken from an animal on the 16th day of the sexual cycle in a gaseous
      mixture of the following composition: 5% O2, 5% CO2, 90% N2 during 24 hrs.

PMID- 4039432
TI  - Visual loss following panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic
      retinopathy.
AB  - We reviewed the preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up examinations, fundus
      photographs, and fluorescein angiograms of 175 eyes of 134 patients with
      proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated with panretinal photocoagulation.
      Forty-four (25%) of these eyes lost two or more lines of vision by the time of
      the last follow-up examination. Follow-ups ranged from 3 to 48 months, with a
      median follow-up of 15 months. The most common cause of decreased visual acuity
      was chronic macular edema that had developed following laser treatment, occurring
      in 14 (8%) eyes. The causes of visual loss following panretinal photocoagulation
      are discussed.

PMID- 4039433
TI  - Comparative treatment trial of augmentin versus cefaclor for acute otitis media
      with effusion.
AB  - A total of 150 children with acute otitis media were randomly allocated to
      treatment with amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) or with cefaclor.
      Each drug was given in a daily dosage of approximately 40 mg/kg in three divided
      doses for ten days. Tympanocentesis done before treatment yielded specimens that
      contained pneumococcus or Haemophilus sp or both in 67% of specimens. Viridans
      group streptococci were isolated from 10% of specimens and Branhamella
      catarrhalis from 6%. Patients were scheduled for follow-up examinations at
      midtreatment, end of therapy, and at 30, 60, and 90 days. Of the 150 children,
      130 were evaluable. Five of 60 patients (8%) treated with cefaclor were
      considered therapeutic failures because of persistent purulent drainage and
      isolation of the original pathogen or suprainfection. There were no failures
      among patients treated with Augmentin (P = .019). Rates of relapse, recurrent
      acute otitis media with effusion, and persistent middle ear effusion were
      comparable in the two groups of patients. Diaper rash, or loose stools, or both
      were significantly more common in children treated with Augmentin (34%) than in
      those taking cefaclor (12%), but in no case was it necessary to discontinue
      medication because of these mild side effects (P = .002). Cefaclor therapy was
      discontinued in one patient because of severe abdominal pain and vomiting. In
      this study, treatment with Augmentin was superior to treatment with cefaclor in
      the acute phase of acute otitis media with effusion, but Augmentin produced more
      adverse effects. The rates of persistent middle ear effusion and recurrent acute
      otitis media with effusion were comparable with the two regimens.

PMID- 4039434
TI  - [Functional state of the testicles in various forms of retardation of sexual
      development in boys].

PMID- 4039435
TI  - [Bone marrow culture in patients treated with Ticlopidine].
AB  - Bone marrow cells obtained from 15 patients treated with Ticlopidine (500 mg/day)
      for a month, and from 20 matched controls were cultured in agar. GM colonies and
      clusters were counted after 7 and 14 days of culture. CFU GM were slightly
      decreased in the patients treated by Ticlopidine. In 8 patients, in which the
      bone marrow was cultured on a second occasion 3 months latter, a slight increase
      in the inhibition of CFU GM was observed. It could be due to the mechanism of
      action of the drug (by an increased synthesis of PGE1) and not to a toxic side
      effect. The few cases of reversible agranulocytosis reported in the literature
      might be due to the inhibition of myelopoiesis in patients with medullary
      reserves already impaired.

PMID- 4039436
TI  - Radioactive iodine-125 implantation for cancer of the prostate.
AB  - Localized cancer of the prostate can be treated by radical prostatectomy,
      external beam irradiation, or radioactive implantation with similar survival
      results. Radical prostatectomy, however, almost universally results in impotency,
      although a new, nerve-sparing procedure may preserve potency in B1 patients.
      External beam irradiation radiates a large volume of tissue with significant
      rectal and bladder morbidity, 23-47% risk of impotency, and requires prolonged
      treatment (6-8 weeks). Radioactive implantation may be done suprapubically or
      transperineally using iodine-125, gold-198, or radon-222 permanent implantation
      techniques and iridium-192 or radium-226 removable implantation techniques.
      Interstitial iodine-125 implantation is frequently employed since it is a short
      procedure and limits the morbidity to a 7% incidence of impotency, 20% urinary
      complications, and 5% rectal complications. The overall 5-year survival of
      patients with iodine-125 is 79%, the survival rate decreasing with increasing T
      or N stage or increasing grade of tumor.

PMID- 4039437
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the uterus associated with pyometra.
AB  - A case is reported in which an elderly patient was admitted with signs and
      symptoms of an acute abdomen. A laparotomy revealed uterine rupture with free pus
      in the peritoneal cavity and subsequent histology of the uterus showed no
      evidence of malignancy.

PMID- 4039438
TI  - Behavior and growth parameters of large white turkeys as affected by floor space
      and beak trimming. II. Females.
AB  - The effects of floor space allowance and beak trimming on behavior and growth
      performance of female Large White turkeys were studied. Floor space allowances
      were 5.6, 7.0, and 9.3 dm2/bird from 0 to 8 weeks of age and 14.0, 18.6, and 23.2
      dm2/bird from 8 to 16 weeks of age. Floor space was adjusted by changing pen size
      to assure a constant number of birds per pen. Results showed that neither floor
      space allowance nor beak trimming had any significant effect of any of the
      variables under study through 8 weeks of age. At 16 weeks of age, growth, feed
      consumption, feed efficiency, feather scores, live market quality grades, and
      mortality were still unaffected. Beak trimming significantly reduced body weight
      gain, body weight, and feed consumption but had no significant effect on feed
      efficiency, feather scores, or mortality. Agonistic (aggressive) behavior was
      very low in this population of females. Of significance, however, were the
      nonaggressive behaviors of social "pecking" and "pecking and pulling" of
      feathers. Feather-pecking activity was unaffected by previous or subsequent floor
      space allowances through 16 weeks of age; however, the incidence of pecking and
      pulling of feathers was highest among females previously assigned the largest
      floor space allowance (9.3 dm2/bird) in the brooder house and subsequently
      allowed the smallest floor space allowance (14.0 dm2/bird) in the grower house.
      Beak trimming significantly increased the frequency of both "pecking" and
      "pecking and pulling" of feathers over that of their untrimmed contemporaries
      when the females were 12 and 16 weeks of age. Possible reasons for this are
      discussed.

PMID- 4039439
TI  - Effects of chronic high-level manganese exposure on male behavior in the Japanese
      quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
AB  - Male Japanese quail were chronically exposed to 5000 ppm manganese (Mn) as
      particulate manganese oxide (Mn3O4) in their diet from hatching to 75 days of
      age. No decrements in growth or in other indices of general toxicity were noted.
      There were significant (P less than .05) age-related increases in general
      locomotor activity in the control group, although no significant (.05 less than P
      less than .10) increases were seen in the Mn-treated group. Both control and Mn
      treated groups had significant (P less than .05) age-related increases in
      aggressive behavior with an overall significant (P less than .05) treatment
      related depression. Serum testosterone concentration was only slightly depressed
      (.05 less than P less than .01) in the 75 day-old, Mn-treated quail. Both the
      control and Mn-treated quail had higher liver Mn concentrations than previously
      reported in rodents. Both control and Mn-exposed quail accumulated 5 to 10 times
      more Mn in their livers than similarly treated rodents. This study indicated that
      the Japanese quail was less sensitive to particulate Mn3O4 exposure than rodents
      treated comparably.

PMID- 4039440
TI  - The effect of maternal age on broiler performance on litter and a raised
      perforated floor.
AB  - The effect of maternal age and floor type on the performance of broiler chicks
      was studied. Hatching eggs were collected and hatched from the same Cobb
      commercial strain of broiler breeder hens at 27, 42, and 52 weeks of age. Chicks
      from each group were reared separately or intermingled on commercial diets.
      Maternal age had a significant effect (P less than .05) on live body weights of
      broilers reared either separately or intermingled. Weight differences found at
      day-old between chicks from 42- and 52-week-old dams were overcome by the age of
      44 days. Chicks from the 27-week-old dams were not as heavy and consumed less
      feed than those from other parentage groups. Broilers on the perforated floors
      were heavier than their floor counterparts. Overall performance, except for body
      weight, was not affected by floor type or rearing condition.

PMID- 4039441
TI  - Disruption of estrous cycles in exercise-trained rats.
AB  - The female Sprague-Dawley rat was evaluated as an animal model for the menstrual
      irregularities that are common in women athletes. Daily vaginal smears revealed
      that estrous cycles were markedly disrupted in rats during a 10-week exercise
      training program, while cycles remained normal in sedentary rats. Compared to 9
      sedentary rats, the 10 exercise-trained rats had longer mean cycle lengths and
      fewer estrus smears. Six of the exercise-trained rats, but none of the sedentary
      rats, had an "anestrus period" with more than twice the normal interval between
      estrus smears; one exercise-trained rat became essentially acyclic. Weight gain
      during the 10-week training program was lower in exercise-trained rats than in
      sedentary rats. Colonic temperatures, monitored at rest and during 30 min of
      exercise, were slightly lower in exercise-trained rats with irregular estrous
      cycles than in exercise-trained rats with regular cycles, indicating that
      unusually elevated body temperatures during exercise are not responsible for
      exercise-related reproductive acyclicity. It is concluded that the female Sprague
      Dawley rat may be a useful animal model for the study of menstrual irregularities
      associated with exercise training.

PMID- 4039442
TI  - Medaka eggs as a model system for screening potential teratogens.

PMID- 4039443
TI  - A comparison of the DNA intercalative binding of bay versus K region metabolites
      of benzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - The DNA intercalating properties of trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene
      (1) and of trans-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (2) have been compared
      in UV absorption and in fluorescence emission and fluorescence lifetime studies.
      Molecules 1 and 2 represent steric models of the two epoxide containing
      metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE) and benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide. The former of these
      metabolites is a highly carcinogenic bay region metabolite, the latter is a much
      less carcinogenic K region metabolite. The association constant for intercalation
      for model 1 is 5,226 M-1. This is more than 2.7 times greater than that for
      molecule 2. These results taken together with results form previous studies of
      bay and K region metabolite models of benz[a]anthracene suggest that
      intercalation is important to the overall carcinogenic activity of polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 4039444
TI  - A molecular model relating to carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4039445
TI  - Properties of human neuroblastoma cells following induction by retinoic acid.

PMID- 4039446
TI  - Radiosensitivity of neuroblastoma.

PMID- 4039447
TI  - Therapeutic application of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody UJ13A in children
      with disseminated neuroblastoma--a phase 1 study.

PMID- 4039448
TI  - Sequential cis-platinum and VM26 in neuroblastoma: laboratory and clinical (OPEC
      regimen) studies.

PMID- 4039449
TI  - Modifications in adrenal hormones response to ethanol by prior ethanol
      dependence.
AB  - Ethanol was administered to rats by means of a liquid diet for 16 days; after an
      ethanol-free interval of four weeks, animals received a test (IP) dose of ethanol
      (2 g/kg), and the adrenocortical and adrenomedullary responses were evaluated.
      Chronically ethanol-exposed animals showed tolerance to the stimulatory effect of
      ethanol in the pituitary-adrenal axis. Likewise, previously dependent rats showed
      tolerance to the increase in the activity of the adrenomedullary function induced
      by acute administration of the drug. Our results indicate that chronic ethanol
      ingestion can induce persistent changes after complete alcohol abstinence.

PMID- 4039450
TI  - Dose-related effects of pentobarbital on the genetic differences seen between
      paired, Roman high- or low-avoidance rats in a shuttle box.
AB  - The effects of low doses of pentobarbital (PB) were measured on the activity
      levels, shock-induced fighting and avoidance or escape behavior of paired rats of
      two psychogenetically-selected lines, in multiple shuttle box sessions, following
      shock-induced fighting or two-way avoidance training. Each pair served as its own
      control, by receiving drug injections only every second week. Independent of
      training conditions, the RLA/Verh pairs showed about 90% freezing behavior and no
      fighting, whereas all RHA/Verh pairs preferred avoidance or escape behavior to
      fighting. Although their intertrial (shuttling) responses (ITRs) were reduced at
      the higher doses of PB used, RHA/Verh rats were still capable of most behavioral
      responses even at 24 mg/kg, whereas all RLA/Verh rats slept at that dose. On the
      other hand, the ITRs and avoidance responses of the (less active) RLA/Verh rats
      were increased by injections of 8 and 16 mg/kg PB. The results, especially those
      pertaining to freezing behavior and changes in activity levels, were discussed in
      comparison to other selected rat strains which have shown certain similarities to
      the Roman lines in regard to "emotionality" and associated neurochemical status.

PMID- 4039451
TI  - Comparative behavioral effects of CNS cholinesterase inhibitors.
AB  - Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, methanesulfonyl fluoride, and physostigmine were
      compared on the efficacy with which each could suppress methylphenidate-induced
      stereotyped gnawing, an extrapyramidal motor behavior. Whereas physostigmine
      produced powerful suppression of the stereotypy, the sulfonyl fluorides did not
      produce any clear behavioral effect. Biochemical experiments conducted with the
      behavioral tests demonstrated that the sulfonyl fluorides produced inhibition of
      whole brain, caudate, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and brain stem
      cholinesterate equal to that produced by physostigmine. The reason for the marked
      discrepancy between the behavioral effect of physostigmine and the sulfonyl
      fluorides is unknown. It is, however, clear that the effect of the various drugs
      on extrapyramidal motor behaviors is not a simple function of the degree to which
      each inhibited CNS cholinesterase.

PMID- 4039452
TI  - Cold-restraint stress and urinary endogenous beta-phenylethylamine excretion in
      rats.
AB  - Stress applied to humans increases the urinary excretion of the endogenous
      amphetamine-like substance beta-phenylethylamine (PEA), a potentially common
      mediator of amphetamine and stress effects. The present study was conducted to
      determine if cold-restraint stress in the rat could represent an animal model for
      stress-induced changes in PEA disposition in humans. The stressor markedly
      elevated the urinary excretion of endogenous PEA in a manner that was not
      attributable to changes in urinary pH, glomerular filtration rate or in food
      consumption. In addition, a large diurnal variation in PEA excretion was noted.
      The data suggest that the variables responsible for stress-induced alterations in
      endogenous PEA disposition in humans and rats are generally similar. However,
      they also indicate that in rats, in contrast to humans, PEA disposition is
      subject to diurnal changes.

PMID- 4039453
TI  - Phencyclidine-like effect of cyclazocine on pentylentetrazol-induced seizures in
      laboratory animals.
AB  - The present work deals with an EEG and behavioural study of the effect of
      cyclazocine against the convulsions due to pentylentetrazol (PTZ) in mice, rats
      and rabbits. In rats, cyclazocine, at the high doses (15-25 mg/kg) prevents the
      tonic motor convulsions and EEG epileptiform "grand mal" seizure induced by PTZ.
      In rabbits and mice, cyclazocine inhibits the tonic motor convulsions without
      modifying either the spike-frequency or the duration of the PTZ-induced EEG
      seizures. Naloxone, even at high doses, was not able to block the anticonvulsive
      effects of cyclazocine on PTZ-induced convulsions in the rat. The effects of
      cyclazocine were compared to those of phencyclidine. These results confirm the
      multiple behavioural effects of cyclazocine and support the idea that both
      cyclazocine and phencyclidine, may act on the PCP/sigma receptor identified in
      binding studies.

PMID- 4039454
TI  - Interactions of cis-platinum with cellular zinc and copper in rat liver and
      kidney tissues.
AB  - In the present study the effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cis-DDP) on
      tissue and subcellular concentrations of endogenous Zn and Cu was investigated in
      liver and kidneys of rats injected i.p. with 5 mg/kg of cis-DDP. The binding of
      Pt to cytosolic ligands and its effect on Zn and Cu binding was also
      investigated. cis-DDP significantly reduced cellular Zn (20%) and Cu (23%) levels
      particularly in the kidneys. Intracellularly, these decreases were largely
      reflected in the corresponding cytosolic fractions, with 64% decrease in Zn and
      56% in Cu concentrations. At 24 h following cis-DDP injection, in both liver and
      kidneys, about 50% of cytosolic Pt was present as low molecular weight (LMW)
      species and the remainder as protein-bound. A small proportion of cellular Pt was
      bound to a metallothionein-like protein in the liver as well as the kidneys. The
      binding of renal Zn to cytosolic proteins and LMW Zn-binding ligands was
      significantly decreased by cis-DDP. In the liver cytosol, there was a marked
      redistribution of Zn and Cu from LMW Zn/Cu-binding ligand to the MT-like
      proteins.

PMID- 4039455
TI  - The premenstrual syndrome and its relationship to accidents.

PMID- 4039456
TI  - [Value of ECG-gated cardio-computed tomography (cardio-CT) for diagnosis of
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--a comparison with angiocardiography].

PMID- 4039457
TI  - [Diagnosis, incidence and course of nonpuerperal mastitis].
AB  - The clinic of radiology at the university of Graz has examined 158 cases of
      nonpuerperal mastitis. By means of mammography and during further clinical
      course, differentiation to the inflammatory carcinoma was possible. In 55% of the
      examined cases one ore more clinical symptoms, which are described as typical for
      the nonpuerperal mastitis, were absent. With the help of mammography in most of
      all cases an exact diagnosis was made.

PMID- 4039458
TI  - 24-hour cerebrospinal fluid levels of vasopressin in hydrocephalic patients.
AB  - The variation in vasopressin concentrations of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid
      and plasma throughout a 24-h period was studied in 10 patients with
      hydrocephalus. In 6 control patients, the diurnal variation in plasma vasopressin
      concentrations was studied. Vasopressin concentrations were determined by
      radioimmunoassay in plasma and in extracted and unextracted cerebrospinal fluid.
      Cortisol and osmolality in plasma were also measured. Vasopressin concentrations
      measured in extracted cerebrospinal fluid showed only small intra- and
      interindividual variation, while the corresponding values for unextracted
      cerebrospinal fluid were 2-5-fold higher and showed more variation. Plasma
      vasopressin concentrations varied considerably throughout the 24-h period in the
      individual hydrocephalic patient and between the patients. The pattern of
      variation was inconstant with no circadian rhythm, and the variation was not
      related to any changes in plasma osmolality, blood pressure or intracranial
      pressure. In some of the patients, the normal diurnal pattern of variation in
      plasma cortisol was broken, however, without a relation to the observed
      fluctuations in vasopressin concentrations. The abnormal variation of plasma
      vasopressin and cortisol was considered to reflect stress in connection with the
      intracranial pressure monitoring procedure. In the control patients, plasma
      vasopressin showed only small variations and plasma cortisol showed a normal
      diurnal rhythm. It is concluded that cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin
      concentration in patients with hydrocephalus is very constant throughout the day,
      even when plasma vasopressin concentrations show marked episodic increases. Thus,
      a circadian rhythm in the cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin concentration, as
      reported in several animal species, could not be confirmed in these patients.

PMID- 4039459
TI  - Further characterization of the endogenous natriuretic and digoxin-like
      immunoreacting activities in human urine: effects of changes in sodium intake.
AB  - In the present study natriuretic activity and digoxin-like immunoreacting
      activity (DLIA) were determined in small molecular weight (MW) fractions of urine
      from healthy subjects during low (35 mmol/day) and high (greater than 400
      mmol/day) sodium intake by bioassay and by a radioimmunoassay for digoxin,
      respectively. After gel filtration of urine on a Sephadex G-25 column the
      natriuretic activity appeared in the post-salt fraction SIV, whereas DLIA was
      present in small amounts in the salt fraction SIII and, with consistently higher
      activity, in the post-salt fraction SIV. Natriuretic activity significantly
      increased and DLIA decreased in fraction SIV with high sodium intake, but total
      urinary excretion of DLIA remained unaltered during changes in sodium intake. In
      addition, anion-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography revealed that DLIA is
      not specifically related to the natriuretic activity but also reflects unspecific
      binding of various urine constituents to this digoxin antibody. Although the
      antibody binds a natriuretic material, this radioimmunoassay is thus unsuitable
      to determine the endogenous natriuretic activity in urine fractions. Whereas they
      elute differently on reverse-phase chromatography, amino acid analyses revealed
      that both the natriuretic factor directly purified from the post-salt fraction
      SIV and the natriuretic material bound to the digoxin antibody have in common
      four amino acids at similar molar ratios. The physicochemical properties as
      evidenced by chromatographic and electrophoretic studies as well as enzymatic
      inactivation suggest that the low MW natriuretic factor(s) in human urine may be
      associated with a small peptide(s) of weak acidic nature.

PMID- 4039460
TI  - The effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade and of thromboxane synthetase
      inhibition, alone and in combination, on arrhythmias resulting from myocardial
      ischemia.
AB  - The effects of pretreatment with metoprolol (2 mg/kg, i.v.), UK 38,485 (5 mg/kg,
      i.v.), and a combination of the two drugs were examined on early (0-0.5/hr) and
      late (0.5-4 hr) ischemic arrhythmias resulting from coronary artery ligation in
      the anesthetized rat. Metoprolol was administered at different times after the
      onset of ischemia to determine any relationship between antiarrhythmic effects
      and the time of administration. Studies with two other thromboxane synthetase
      inhibitors, dazoxiben and carboxyheptylimizadole, and a thromboxane analogue, U
      46,619, were performed on the early arrhythmias to investigate a possible role of
      thromboxane A2 in the genesis of ischemic arrhythmias. Pretreatment and very
      early intervention with metoprolol caused a significant reduction in the
      incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the 0-0.5 hr period. The number of
      ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs) and the incidence of ventricular tachycardia
      (VT) during the 0.5-4 hr period were markedly reduced by both pretreatment and
      late intervention with metoprolol. VEBs and VT in the 0-0.5 hr phase were reduced
      by UK 38,485 and carboxyheptylimidazole and increased by U 46,619. Administration
      of a combination of the drugs produced a significant reduction in early VF and
      late VEBs.

PMID- 4039461
TI  - Endotoxin-induced acute renal failure in mice. Effects of indomethacin and the
      thromboxane-synthetase antagonist UK 38.485.
AB  - Functional acute renal failure (ARF) was induced within 24 h following i.p.
      injection of 200 micrograms E. coli endotoxins (ET) into C3H/HeHan mice. Pre- and
      post-treatment with either UK 38.485, a selective thromboxane (TX)-synthetase
      inhibitor, or with the cyclo-oxigenase inhibitor, indomethacin (IM), does not
      prevent acute renal failure in these mice. Histologically, only very little
      fibrin degradation and few microthrombi are present 24 h later in the kidneys, so
      that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) mechanisms cannot have caused
      the significant azotemia. Slight histological changes are accentuated in the UK
      38.485-treated group. Only the indomethacin group has a significantly increased
      mortality as compared to all other groups. We conclude from our study that with
      low dosages of endotoxins functional ARF can be induced in mice without a
      circulatory shock and early mortality and that both UK 38.485 and IM are of
      little value in preventing it.

PMID- 4039462
TI  - [Heptaminol adenosine phosphate and the premenstrual syndrome].
AB  - The efficacy of the adenosine phosphate of heptaminol on the functional
      symptomatology of the premenstrual syndrome has been assessed in the framework of
      an "open" controlled trial against a reference product. 45 women received
      adenosine phosphate of heptaminol (6 gelatine capsules/day) or the reference
      product during 2 cycles. The statistical analysis of the results by symptom
      demonstrates the markedly superior activity of the adenosine phosphate of
      heptaminol on pelvic pains (p less than 0.02), and on the pains and heaviness of
      the lower limbs (p less than 0.05). The superiority of adenosine phosphate of
      heptaminol was similarly demonstrated in the global evaluation of results. The
      tolerance must be regarded as excellent.

PMID- 4039463
TI  - Diagnostic value of prealbumin and retinol-binding protein in acute and chronic
      liver diseases.
AB  - Prealbumin (PA) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) serum concentrations have been
      determined in 161 patients with different chronic and acute liver diseases and in
      49 healthy controls. Their possible role in clinical practice as liver markers of
      hepatic biosynthesis in comparison with other traditional tests: albumin,
      pseudocholinesterase and clotting factors II, VII and X associated activity
      (Hepato-Quick) was investigated. PA and RBP were always highly intercorrelated
      and significantly decreased in acute viral hepatitis, steatosis, chronic
      persistent and active hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic tumors and primary biliary
      cirrhosis. Among the different tests, PA and RBP presented the best values of
      specificity (0.98 and 0.97, respectively), sensitivity (0.77 and 0.73) and
      positive (0.99) and negative prediction (0.57 and 0.46). In chronic liver
      diseases PA and RBP distinguished more efficiently than the other biosynthetic
      markers among diseases with different degree of severity. In acute viral
      hepatitis the behavior of PA and RBP, followed for 4 consecutive weeks, was
      similar to that of Hepato-Quick and better than the other tests in reflecting the
      clinical course of the disease.

PMID- 4039464
TI  - [Clinical studies of follicle formation in the bovine ovary].

PMID- 4039465
TI  - Transfection of v-rasH DNA into MCF-7 human breast cancer cells bypasses
      dependence on estrogen for tumorigenicity.
AB  - The natural history of estrogen-responsive breast cancers often involves a
      phenotypic change to an estrogen-unresponsive, more aggressive tumor. The human
      breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, which requires estradiol for tumor formation in
      vivo and shows growth stimulation in response to estradiol in vitro, is a model
      for hormone-responsive tumors. The v-rasH onc gene was transfected into MCF-7
      cells. The cloned MCF-7ras transfectants, which expressed the v-rasH messenger
      RNA and v-rasH p21 protein (21,000 daltons), were characterized. In contrast to
      the parental cell line, MCF-7ras cells no longer responded to exogenous estrogen
      in culture and their growth was minimally inhibited by exogenous antiestrogens.
      When tested in the nude mouse, the MCF-7ras cells were fully tumorigenic in the
      absence of estrogen supplementation. Thus, cells acquiring an activated onc gene
      can bypass the hormonal regulatory signals that trigger the neoplastic growth of
      a human breast cancer cell line.

PMID- 4039466
TI  - Circulating autoantibodies to the 200,000-dalton protein of neurofilaments in the
      serum of healthy individuals.
AB  - There is substantial evidence that human serum contains antibodies to many
      autoantigens. For example, all healthy people have autoantibodies (immunoglobulin
      M) to some undefined brain antigens. In this study immunoblots and
      immunohistochemical staining were used to detect antibodies to neural tissues in
      serum samples from 200 healthy people and 200 patients with various neurological
      diseases. Ninety-nine percent of the 400 subjects had serum immunoglobulin M and
      95 percent had immunoglobulin G that bound to a 200-kilodalton protein in
      homogenates of neural tissues. In most cases there were no antibodies to anything
      else in the homogenates. The 200-kilodalton protein was the heaviest of the
      neurofilament triplet proteins. These observations do not support a role for
      antibodies to the 200-kilodalton protein of neurofilaments in the pathogenesis of
      neurological diseases.

PMID- 4039467
TI  - Evaluation of danazol influence upon the uterus using scanning electron
      microscopic morphometric and biochemical analyses.
AB  - A study using a Sprague-Dawley rat model was designed to correlate morphologic
      and intracellular steroid receptor alteration with danazol therapy. One uterine
      horn was removed for cytoplasmic estrogen receptor analysis following four to
      eight days of danazol therapy. This was followed by intra-aortic injection of
      buffered phosphate solution and 3 per cent glutaraldehyde. The remaining uterine
      horn was removed for scanning electron microscopic and morphometric analysis of
      light microscopic changes. After four days of treatment, there was an increase in
      the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio compared with that of the control tissue.
      Vaginal smears on the eighth day of danazol exposure indicated that the rats had
      entered a noncycling estrus state, and there was a significant increase in the
      estrogen-specific binding capacity of the endometrial cells. Scanning electron
      microscopy showed a distinct decrease in endometrial folds, microvilli and
      glandular openings, which suggests a decline in secretory activity in the danazol
      treated group. Thus, danazol induced measurable changes in the estrogen binding
      capacity of endometrial cells, and these changes correlated with certain
      morphologic alterations in the endometrial lining.

PMID- 4039469
TI  - [CO2-laser treatment of condylomata acuminata. Current clinical aspects].

PMID- 4039468
TI  - Experimental design considerations: a determinant of acute neonatal toxicity.
AB  - Few studies have investigated the potential developmental differences resulting
      from treating neonatal rat pups in either split-litter or whole-litter (nested)
      experimental designs. We directly compared rat pups dosed with triethyl lead
      (TEL) via both split-litter (representing all dosage groups within a single
      litter) and nested (all pups randomly assigned to a single litter receive the
      same dose) designs. The nested design was chosen to produce a uniform behavioral
      pattern across pups within each litter, whereas the split-litter design was
      chosen to promote pup competition and differential maternal care. On postpartum
      day 5, pups were administered either 12, 13, 14, or 15 mg/kg TEL, with each
      design represented by 12 litters. Although the LD50 values for the two designs
      were not significantly different, there were significantly more deaths in the 12
      mg/kg dosage group within the split-litter design than in the nested design
      group. Preweaning survival times for split-litter dosed animals were also
      decreased. In addition, significant growth reduction (7-16%) was observed in the
      split-litter group, relative to the nested design animals during the preweaning
      period. These results suggest that neonatal toxicity is not independent from
      experimental design considerations, and that the factors of littermate
      competition and/or pup-induced maternal care deserve further study.

PMID- 4039470
TI  - [Vulvitis].

PMID- 4039471
TI  - Release of plasminogen activator from isolated perfused dog heart.
AB  - The release and the local activity of plasminogen activator (PA) were studied in
      isolated perfused dog hearts, without or with intimal injury induced by means of
      a balloon catheter inserted into the left anterior descending coronary artery
      (LAD). Thrombin but not DFP-thrombin induced a dose-dependent PA release in doses
      of 8 to 32 units. ADP 20 or 200 mumol but not ergonovine 20 or 200 micrograms
      induced a weak PA release. The local PA activity was much lower in the LAD at 1
      or 4 weeks after this injury than in the intact LAD. However, the release of PA
      from the hearts after intimal injury was similar to findings in the intact
      hearts. We conclude from this study that thrombin plays an important role in
      regulating the coagulation-fibrinolysis system in endothelial cells and that
      changes in the properties of the endothelial cells may lead to initiation and
      enhancement of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4039472
TI  - A collaborative study of a proposed international standard for tissue plasminogen
      activator (t-PA).
AB  - An international collaborative study involving seven laboratories was undertaken
      to assess which of three lyophilised preparations might serve as an International
      Standard (I.S.) for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Two of the preparations
      were isolates from human melanoma cell cultures while one was of pig heart
      origin. A clot lysis assay was used by all participants in the study. The data
      suggested that both preparations of human cell origin were comparable, in that
      their log dose-response lines were parallel, while that of the porcine
      preparation was not. Accelerated degradation studies indicated that one melanoma
      extract (denoted 83/517) was more stable than the other and it was decided to
      recommend preparation 83/517 as the standard for t-PA. The International
      Committee for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Stockholm 1983) has recommended the use
      of this material as a standard and it has been established by the Expert
      Committee on Biological Standardization of the World Health Organization as the
      International Standard for tissue plasminogen activator, with an assigned potency
      of 1000 International Units per ampoule.

PMID- 4039473
TI  - Elevated plasma fibronectin during venous occlusion.

PMID- 4039474
TI  - Formation of stable complexes between urokinase and a human urinary component.
AB  - Human urine was found to contain multiple species of urokinase (UK)-like
      plasminogen activator (PA) activity when subjected to concentration and/or
      dialysis and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and zymography. Untreated, freshly voided urine
      contained only Mr = 52,000 and 35,000 UK while dialyzed or undialyzed urine
      concentrates contained additional PA activity at Mr = 80,000 and 95,000. SDS-PAGE
      of incubation mixtures of radioiodinated UK (Mr = 52,000 or 35,000) and urine
      concentrates revealed the presence of radiolabeled complexes with Mrs of 80,000
      and 95,000. The bond(s) involved in complex formation was also relatively
      resistant to heat and reduction. Treatment of radioiodinated UK with the serine
      proteinase inhibitor, p-nitrophenyl guanidinobenzoate, prior to incubation with
      dialyzed, concentrated urine prevented formation of the complexes. In addition,
      the enzymatic activity of the Mr = 80,000 and 95,000 species was unaffected by
      diisopropyl fluorophosphate. These results indicate that UK forms SDS-stable
      complexes with a urinary component that has a Mr of approximately 40,000. The
      results further suggest that these complexes express PA activity when analyzed by
      SDS-PAGE and zymography.

PMID- 4039475
TI  - ADP induced depolarization of human platelet membrane potential.
AB  - The transmembrane potential of human blood platelets suspended in plasma was
      investigated by studying the distribution of a radiolabeled permeant ion [14C]
      thiocyanate. The membrane potential of resting platelets was found to be -54.50
      mV +/- 9.23 S.D. with a range of -39 to -76 mV (n = 27). The possibility that
      platelet activation alters membrane potential or that changes in membrane
      potential serve as an activation trigger was investigated. Stimulation by ADP (10
      microM) resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) depolarization of the
      membrane potential. Preincubation with 6 mM EGTA failed to inhibit ADP-induced
      depolarization even though EGTA effectively prevented primary and secondary
      aggregation but not shape change. Preincubation with PGE1 inhibited shape change,
      aggregation, and the ADP-induced depolarization. No significant change in
      membrane potential was observed following stimulation by epinephrine (50 microM).
      These results suggest that the initial interaction of ADP and its receptor may
      involve an inward positive current which can be determined by thiocyanate
      distribution.

PMID- 4039476
TI  - [Congenital hydrocephalus, oligophrenia, dwarfism, centripetal obesity and
      hypogonadism; an X-linked recessive hereditary illness?].
AB  - Two male patients from one family are reported, who are affected with congenital
      hydrocephalus, mental retardation, short stature, obesity and hypogenitalism.
      Most probably the mode of inheritance is X-linked recessive.

PMID- 4039477
TI  - Lack of severe malformations versus occurrence of marked embryotoxic effects
      after treatment of pregnant mice with cis-platinum.
AB  - The embryotoxic and teratogenic effects caused by the inorganic cytostatic drug
      cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) ("cis-platinum") were investigated in mice.
      Single doses of 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg cis-platinum/kg were administered to pregnant
      mice on day 8, 10, 12, 14 or 16 of pregnancy; on day 18, all fetuses were removed
      and examined for toxic phenomena and for external, skeletal and internal
      malformations. A dose-dependent reduction of the number of fetuses per litter, a
      decrease of fetal body weight, and a marked retardation of skeletal ossification
      processes reflected the severe embryolethal and embryotoxic influence of cis
      platinum; this influence was most pronounced when the drug was applied during
      organogenesis, i.e. on day 8, 10 or 12 of murine pregnancy. In contrast, the
      incidence of malformations was surprisingly rare after treatment with cis
      platinum: Neither external nor skeletal malformations appeared more frequently
      than in control populations; most fetal internal organs were without anomalies,
      however, a portion of 10-20% of the fetuses exhibited slight signs of
      hydrocephaly after application of cis-platinum on day 12.

PMID- 4039478
TI  - Capillary permeability-increasing enzyme from the venom of Agkistrodon
      caliginosus (kankoku-mamushi): activity due to the release of peptide material
      from a protein in bovine plasma.
AB  - When a mixture of the purified capillary permeability-increasing enzyme from A.
      caliginosus venom and bovine plasma or heated bovine plasma was injected into the
      depilated skin of the back of a rabbit, the capillary permeability-increasing
      activity was much greater than that induced by injection of the enzyme alone. The
      substance which increases capillary permeability was extracted from the incubated
      mixture of bovine plasma and enzyme with 50-70% ethanol. Its activity was lost
      when treated with carboxypeptidase A. Thus, it is supposed that the increase in
      capillary permeability induced by the enzyme is due to a low molecular weight
      peptide released from a protein in bovine plasma by the action of the enzyme. No
      liberation by the enzyme of histamine or anaphylatoxins of the complement system
      was found.

PMID- 4039479
TI  - Effect of the anticarcinogenic drug 6-mercaptopurine on mineral metabolism in the
      mouse.
AB  - The effect of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) on mineral metabolism was investigated in
      mice. C57BL mice were given 6-MP for 5 consecutive days. Treatments were: no
      injection; saline; vehicle injection (carboxymethylcellulose (CMC]; 5 mg/kg 6-MP;
      25 mg/kg 6-MP; 50 mg/kg 6-MP; 100 mg/kg 6-MP; and 150 mg/kg 6-MP. After the 5-day
      period, tissues were removed and the levels of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc
      (Zn), copper (Cn) and manganese (Mn) were measured. In liver, but not in
      intestine or kidney, zinc and calcium levels increased in a dose-dependent
      manner. The weight of the stomach relative to body weight was significantly
      greater in mice receiving 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg BW doses of 6-MP than in those
      given lower doses, despite significantly lower body weight. This result indicated
      that 6-MP produced gastric toxicity. Injection of saline or vehicle had no effect
      on any of the parameters measured. The effect of 6-MP on mineral changes and on
      stomach-emptying may be partly responsible for at least some of its negative side
      effects.

PMID- 4039480
TI  - A study of the personal meaning of suicide in the context of Baechler's typology.
AB  - This study investigates suicide from the vantage point of the suicidal person by
      analyzing the personal meaning(s) of the act for the individual. Twenty-seven
      suicidal persons and survivors contributed to the research. Their individual
      recollections are studied and ordered within the framework of Jean Baechler's
      approach (as presented in his book Suicides). The study indicates that there is,
      in each case, an identifiable purpose or a pattern of purposes that can be
      categorized within a restricted and meaningful system, which may help the
      observer understand what human beings are doing when they want to end their
      lives.

PMID- 4039481
TI  - The behaviour of Homo sapiens, the forgotten factor in the transmission of
      tropical disease.
AB  - The behaviour of the pathogens responsible for tropical disease and the behaviour
      of the hosts other than man are both studied in great detail, but the behaviour
      of man, the third component in these cycles of transmission, is for the most part
      totally and inexplicably disregarded. Even when the pathogens are actively
      brought to us through the agency of an arthropod host, we too often ease the
      passage of the vectors either by unthinkingly providing facilities for their
      breeding or by neglecting the simple steps that can be taken to prevent their
      feeding on us. The problem resolves itself into two parts, (i) the collection and
      collation of relevant data on human behaviour, and (ii) the taking of steps to
      change this behaviour. Part two has recently been greatly facilitated by the
      development of radio transmission via artificial satellite. While WHO is now
      making a start on both these aspects it is doing so at a relatively low level.
      Instead, the two phases of this new approach should be given top priority even if
      it means large scale reorganization of relevant university departments and even
      of WHO itself. We have, after all, had almost 100 years to try out the old
      methods and, as far as the Third World is concerned, they have for the most part
      failed.

PMID- 4039482
TI  - Mastitis in rural Gambian mothers and the protection of the breast by milk
      antimicrobial factors.
AB  - Mastitis was found to be a sizeable clinical problem in a group of lactating
      Gambian mothers. The mean monthly incidence was 2.6% and repeated episodes of
      mastitis were common. The role of milk antimicrobial factors in the local defence
      of the breast against mastitis was investigated by analysis of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3,
      C4, lactoferrin and lysozyme in the breast milk of 10 mastitis patients. Acute
      inflammation of the breast was accompanied by the rapid appearance of high
      concentrations of serum-derived immunoproteins in mastitic milk. Changes in the
      milk levels of lactose, sodium and transferrin indicated that this was due to a
      temporary opening of the paracellular pathway. Concentrations of secretory
      immunoproteins (IgA, lactoferrin and lysozyme) exhibited a delayed response,
      being elevated one week after the attack of mastitis. The normal milk of mastitis
      sufferers was significantly deficient in IgA, C3 and lactoferrin when compared
      with other lactating women suggesting that the former were predisposed to
      mastitis.

PMID- 4039483
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy of the cytoskeleton of the aortic endothelial cells
      of mature and aged rats].
AB  - The aortic endothelial cells' cytoskeleton was visualized using scanning electron
      microscopy of detergent-extracted cells. It is shown that the aortic endothelial
      cells' cytoskeleton undergoes structurization during aging. The cytoskeleton
      structurization is supposed to be an adaptive reaction which increases stability
      of intracellular contacts and cell adhesion with the underlying substrate.

PMID- 4039484
TI  - Pathophysiology of lower urinary tract dysfunction.
AB  - Lower urinary tract dysfunction can be considered in terms of two broad
      categories: problems caused by abnormalities of the filling and storage phase and
      problems related to the voiding phase. The author prefaces this discussion with a
      review of normal anatomy and physiology.

PMID- 4039485
TI  - Urodynamics of the female lower urinary tract.
AB  - The symptoms associated with voiding disorders and incontinence in female
      patients are notoriously misleading. Even experienced urodynamicists are unable
      to achieve a 50 per cent success rate for predictive diagnosis based on symptoms
      and physical examination in any group except pure stress incontinence. Urodynamic
      studies are an essential part of the investigative sequence required to make an
      accurate diagnosis. If this is not made, then treatment will be empirical and the
      success of therapy correspondingly disappointing. The advent of urodynamic
      investigations has allowed a more rational approach to treatment with documented
      improvement in the success of therapy. However, our precise understanding of the
      pathophysiology of incontinence and voiding disorders remains incomplete.
      Nevertheless, a systematic scheme of investigation using standardized record
      keeping and urodynamic techniques allows an accurate diagnosis in most patients.
      It is essential that additional testing should be performed when the urodynamic
      investigations fail to explain the patient's complaints. It is hoped that
      advanced techniques and in particular the electrophysiologic approach may provide
      the explanation for phenomena as yet ill-understood, such as bladder instability.
      This article has outlined the importance of a thorough basic assessment of each
      female patient with a symptomatic inquiry guided by urodynamic insight and a
      careful physical examination. The basic techniques of flow studies, cystometry,
      both filling and voiding, and urethral profilometry were described, and the more
      complex and difficult electrophysiologic tests were outlined.

PMID- 4039486
TI  - Resting and stress urethral pressures as a clinical guide to the mechanism of
      continence in the female patient.
AB  - Urethral closure pressures are examined with respect to continence and aging. An
      attempt is made to interpret the inherent orientation sensitivity of microtip
      transducer profilometry. The transmission of cough pressures along the length of
      the urethra is also examined, showing that incontinence is associated with low
      transmission.

PMID- 4039487
TI  - The pathophysiology of stress incontinence.
AB  - The factors contributing to stress incontinence of urine are reviewed and
      categorized with respect to their effects on coaptation and compression of the
      urethra. Intrinsic urethral dysfunction and poor anatomic support are discussed
      from both a functional and a pathophysiologic approach.

PMID- 4039489
TI  - [Chronic arterial hypertension in children with corrected obstructive uropathy].
AB  - Chronic hypertension in children with obstructive uropathy perhaps is an
      infrequent, but not unimportant condition. In patients with bilateral obstruction
      often accompanied by urinary tract infection, hypertension may develop in spite
      of restoration of urinary flow. Hypertension in these patients is caused by
      parenchymal damage of one or both kidneys resulting as a late sequela of
      obstruction even after normalisation of urinary flow. This report deals with
      three cases of this type of obstructive uropathy and severe hypertension.
      Hypertension developed up to 6 years after normalisation of urinary flow. In the
      two patients, in who serum renin examinations were performed, high renin levels
      were determined peripherally (6.2-7.9 ng/ml/h) and in both kidney veins (8.5-34.7
      ng/ml/h). Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension may have important
      implications for the outcome of these patients. In all patients glomerular
      filtration rate was diminished (31.6-67.8 ml/min X 1.73 m2), in two of them
      further deterioration during the observation period of 3-4 years could be
      avoided.

PMID- 4039488
TI  - Comparison of the cytotoxic activities of chemotherapeutic drugs using a human
      bladder cancer cell line.
AB  - Many chemotherapeutic drugs have been used to treat patients with advanced
      bladder cancer, but few of these have been evaluated adequately in phase II
      clinical trials. Continuous cell lines provide one means for comparing the in
      vitro cytotoxicities of anticancer agents. In this study, a continuous cell line
      derived from a transitional cell cancer of the human bladder, which still
      produces tumours histologically similar to the tumour of origin on
      xenotransplantation, was used to measure the in vitro cytotoxicities of twelve
      chemotherapeutic drugs by clonogenic assay. The most cytotoxic agents tested were
      methotrexate, mitoxantrone, adriamycin, mitomycin C and cisplatin. These in vitro
      findings are compatible with the activity of these drugs given systemically as
      single agents in phase II clinical trials in patients with advanced bladder
      cancer.

PMID- 4039490
TI  - [Multifocal hemangioma of the bladder. A problem in pediatric neurology].
AB  - Bladder hemangiomas mainly become manifest before the tenth year of life. A
      report of a multiple, infiltratively growing, capillary hemangioma of the urinary
      bladder with obstructive uropathy in an 11-year-old boy. The technical problems
      of diagnostic and surgical endoscopy through the urethra in children are
      discussed. The importance of a form of supravesical urinary diversion
      satisfactory to the child (uretero-sigmoidostomy) after cystectomy is emphasized.

PMID- 4039491
TI  - [Paul Mellin and the international reflux study in children].

PMID- 4039492
TI  - [Dilated upper urinary tract. Evaluation of the obstructive relevance of the
      ureteral junction by intrapelvic pressure-flow measurement (Whitaker test) in 23
      children].
AB  - Twenty-three children with equivocal uretero pelvic junction (UPJ)-obstruction
      underwent antegrade pressure flow studies. In three of the twelve children with
      upper urinary tract dilatation without vesicorenal reflux UPJ-obstruction could
      be excluded. Voiding cystograms showed vesicorenal reflux in eleven of the
      children with reflux induced hydronephrosis in seven cases. The coexistence of
      UPJ-obstruction and vesicorenal reflux has been noted in four children. In 23
      pressure flow studies there was only one equivocal result. Twelve kidneys said to
      be obstructed were operated and the diagnosis was confirmed. The uneventful
      follow-up in the other ten children confirms the diagnosis of hydronephrosis
      without obstruction. The overall accuracy rate of the Whitaker-test was 96%.

PMID- 4039493
TI  - [Value of anatomic and functional obstruction of the urethra of girls in
      enuresis, recurrent urinary tract infections and reflux].
AB  - Enuresis, recurrent urinary tract infection and vesico-ureteral reflux in 157
      girls between 4 months and 11 years of age were the reasons for urological
      examination including calibration of urethra and urodynamic evaluation. Meatal
      stenosis or distal urethral stenosis was found in 14% measured by bougie a boule
      calibration. Functional disorders of the lower urinary tract were found in 47.8%.
      While anatomical stenosis requires surgical intervention functional infravesical
      obstruction is treated by biofeedback procedures. Functional infravesical
      obstruction is found much more often than anatomical stenosis.

PMID- 4039494
TI  - [Compensatory hypertrophy of the healthy kidney as an important prerequisite for
      nephrectomy of the small kidney].
AB  - In children with hypertension and unilateral small kidney blood pressure may be
      normalized by nephrectomy of the small kidney; but hypertension may persist, if
      the contralateral kidney is not normal. Nephrectomy of the small kidney therefore
      should only be performed, if integrity of the contralateral kidney is certain.
      The best indicator about integrity in our experience is the ability of the
      contralateral kidney to develop compensatory hypertrophy. Compensatory
      hypertrophy is easy to determine, one or two urograms with clearly visible
      outlines are needed. If compensatory hypertrophy cannot be proven, nephrectomy of
      the small kidney is contraindicated. Case reports illustrate the importance of
      the determination of compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney for
      making such decisions.

PMID- 4039495
TI  - [Hypertension caused by reflux nephropathy--normotension following bilateral
      partial nephrectomy].
AB  - Hypertension in childhood is often due to refluxnephropathy. In case of segmental
      lesion of the kidney hypertension may be curable by partial nephrectomy. We
      report on a girl with bilateral lesions and hypertension. The patient became
      normotensive without medication after bilateral upper pole partial nephrectomy.

PMID- 4039496
TI  - [Results of operative therapy of double kidney].
AB  - 107 patients were submitted to operative treatment of a duplex kidney from 1968
      to 1980. In 62 kidneys of children heminephrectomy was performed and in 26
      parenchymapreserving operations like ureterocystoneostomies (n = 17) and
      pyelopyelostomies (n = 9) were done. Fever and urinary tract infection was seen
      more often in patients submitted to partial ureterectomy than after total
      ureterectomy. Long time follow-up (medium 8.8 years) was available in 33% of the
      children. Two non-functioning renal units after heminephrectomy and one recurrent
      vesicoureteral reflux were documented. Renal length was determined by planimetry.
      While values within the +/- 2SD range were seen after antireflux surgery and
      after pyelopyelostomies growth of the kidneys after heminephrectomy seemed to be
      hampered. Although renal hypoplasia and dysplasia is seen in a lot of duplex
      kidneys, heminephrectomy should not be done routinely. Preoperative planimetry of
      the kidney gives information about the amount of parenchyma most probably lost by
      heminephrectomy. In addition malfunction of the contralateral "good" kidney
      should be suspected, if compensatory hypertrophy of this kidney does not develop
      in spite of a grossly scarred contralateral kidney.

PMID- 4039497
TI  - [Operative therapy in boys with posterior urethral valves. How much is
      sensible?].
AB  - From 1976 to 1983 23 boys with posterior urethral valves were seen. Two boys died
      during early infancy from terminal renal failure. One boy is submitted to a
      chronic peritoneal dialysis program. Of the remaining 20 patients ten show signs
      of compensated renal failure (creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dl), ten boys show
      normal renal function. Four out of 46 kidneys were removed. Vesicoureteral reflux
      was primarily present in 14 renal units (30.4%). Three of these kidneys were
      removed. Reflux ceased spontaneously after valve ablation in ten renal units,
      ureterocystoneostomy was done in one. Ureterovesical obstruction was seen in
      three renal units and treated by resection and neoimplantation. Renal hypoplasia
      and -dysplasia together with urinary tract infections determine the degree of
      renal function impairment in boys with posterior urethral valves. Surgical
      intervention of the upper urinary tract is seldom needed. Antenatal diagnosis of
      obstructive uropathy is helpful to avoid septic obstruction in the neonate.
      Percutaneous nephrostomy is the treatment of choice in critically ill children
      presenting with dilatation of the upper tracts.

PMID- 4039499
TI  - Transmission of infection and multidose syringes.

PMID- 4039498
TI  - [Children with posterior urethral valves, dilatation of both ureters and chronic
      kidney insufficiency. A retrospective analysis of effectiveness and risk of
      operative measures].
AB  - In all 16 boys with posterior urethral obstruction, bilateral ureteral dilatation
      and chronic renal failure (serum creatinine above 2 mg/dl), who were seen during
      the last 12 years in our departments, data about time and outcome of urological
      therapeutic interventions (nephrectomy, relief of bladder outflow obstruction and
      ureter reimplantation) were analysed retrospectively. In five patients surgical
      treatment was performed in our hospital, the other 11 children were referred from
      other hospitals. Nephrectomy of a small but not functionless kidney was performed
      in three of four patients without proper indication. Bladder outflow obstruction
      was relieved too late in five patients and insufficiently in four. 36 ureter
      reimplantations were performed on 24 ureters in 14 patients; reimplantation was
      unsuccessful in 26 ureters (72%) either because of postoperative reflux (11
      ureters) or because of postoperative obstruction (15 ureters). In our opinion in
      boys with posterior urethral valves and bilateral ureteral dilatation ureter
      reimplantation should be limited to patients with proven obstruction at the
      uretero-vesical junction.

PMID- 4039500
TI  - Causes of lamb mortality in a commercial lowland sheep flock.

PMID- 4039501
TI  - Oestrus control in the ferret.

PMID- 4039502
TI  - Mastitis in sheep in Iraq.

PMID- 4039503
TI  - Reduced superovulatory response in the ewe following repeated gonadotrophin
      treatment.
AB  - Thirty-nine pure bred Texel ewes were superovulated with horse anterior pituitary
      extract (HAP) and 24 of these ewes were treated for superovulation a second time
      55 to 76 days after the first treatment. A 12 day SC-9880 sponge was used to
      synchronise oestrus in the ewes and all were superovulated with 200 mg HAP (4
      days X 50 mg HAP). Surgical insemination and cervical insemination were employed
      to breed the ewes following the first and second superovulation treatments,
      respectively. The incidence of oestrus and ewes ovulating were significantly (P
      less than 0.005) lower following the second treatment. There was no significant
      difference in the ovulation rate in ewes ovulating between the first and second
      treatments. The mean number of eggs recovered per ewe decreased following the
      second treatment but fertilisation rate was not affected. Results would suggest
      that the period of time between first and second superovulation treatments was
      not sufficiently long to allow Texel ewes to respond to a second stimulation, or
      that surgical insemination may have had a detrimental effect.

PMID- 4039504
TI  - [Outlook for the programmed insemination of sheep in the anestrual season].
AB  - Studied were certain methods for programming the estrus and fixing the optimal
      term for the insemination of sheep. A record was kept of the changes taking place
      in the genital apparatus in various periods of time following the use of hormonal
      preparations during the anestral period. The fertility of sheep was also taken
      into consideration both after the first treatment with serum gonadotropin and
      after the two-fold programmed insemination at a 16-day interval with regard to
      the total fertility. It was shown that the optimal time for programmed
      insemination of sheep was between the 36th and the 56th hour after the three-fold
      injection with Prolosan at 12-hour intervals so far as periods other than the
      breeding season were concerned. Fertility at two-fold injection rated at 121 per
      cent, and conception--at 78.2 per cent.

PMID- 4039505
TI  - [Prediction of the periods favorable for the development of gastrointestinal
      nematodes in sheep in various climatic regions of Bulgaria].
AB  - Bioclimatogrammes have been worked out for the various regions of the country to
      foretell the periods during which the microclimatic conditions in them favour the
      development of the preparasitic forms of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in
      the environment. It was found that best for the worms of the Heamonchus genus
      were the conditions in the May-June period, and in some regions in July too.
      There were in individual climatic regions conditions that were best in the months
      of September and October. The preparasitic forms of nematodes of the Ostertagia
      and Trichostrongylus genera could develop throughout the pastures in almost all
      climatic regions of the country during the April-July period with a month prior
      to and after this term as well as during the October November period.

PMID- 4039506
TI  - [Use of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of fibrinolysis].
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA), urokinase (u
      PA) and alpha-2-antiplasmin were obtained by immunizing Balb C mice with the
      respective purified antigens and fusion of spleen cells with mouse myeloma cells
      (NSO). The selected monoclonal antibodies reacted exclusively with the respective
      antigens used for immunization. 3 out of 7 monoclonal antibodies directed against
      t-PA inhibited plasminogen activation by t-PA and 6 of 7 interfered with the
      fibrin potentiating effect. Only one out of 5 monoclonal antibodies directed
      against u-PA inhibited plasminogen activation by u-PA. None of the monoclonal
      antibodies directed against t-PA or u-PA inhibited the cleavage of low molecular
      weight paranitroanilide substrates by the respective plasminogen activators.
      Likewise, the 3 monoclonal antibodies to alpha-2-antiplasmin did not functionally
      inhibit alpha-2-antiplasmin. The selected monoclonal antibodies were used to
      develop sensitive test systems for the respective antigens. The lower detection
      limit for determination of t-PA was found to be 0.5 ng/ml, for determination of u
      PA 0.05 ng/ml, and for determination of alpha-2-antiplasmin 5 ng/ml.

PMID- 4039507
TI  - [Procaine as a biologically active substance--its effects on the uterus mucosa
      and tongue epithelium of rats].

PMID- 4039508
TI  - [Ultrastructure of adrenal cortex glomerular and fascicular zones following long
      term administration of ethanol in the rat].

PMID- 4039509
TI  - Electron microscopic study of the overlapping effect of thyrotropin and
      gonadotropins on the Leydig cells of 15-day old chick embryo.

PMID- 4039510
TI  - Egg yolk immunoglobulin Y as an alternative antibody in the serology of
      echinococcosis.

PMID- 4039511
TI  - Simultaneous Kawasaki disease in identical twins: case report.

PMID- 4039512
TI  - Long-term reproduction in mouse populations of different origin.

PMID- 4039513
TI  - [Guidelines for data on experimental animals and their care based on results of
      animal experiments. Committee for the Biological Characterization of Experimental
      Animals/GV-SOLAS].

PMID- 4039515
TI  - [Proposal for the treatment of Syphacia muris infection in the laboratory rat
      with the agent pyrvinium pamoate].

PMID- 4039514
TI  - [Lactation inhibition with various dosages of lisuride--prolactin secretion and
      effectiveness].
AB  - The influence of lisuride in three several dosages (600, 750, and 900 micrograms)
      was studied on prolactin secretion and inhibition of lactation in 30 normal
      postpartum patients. 10 normal nursing postpartum patients served as controls. A
      rebound effect of prolactin secretion was demonstrable following lisuride
      medication during 10 days. This effect did not occur after a therapy lasting 15
      days. 600 micrograms of lisuride daily showed a good inhibition of lactation and
      suppression of prolactin secretion. Severe side effects could be only observed
      during lisuride treatment with a dosage of 900 micrograms.

PMID- 4039516
TI  - [Clinico-pathogenetic correlations in intellectual deficiency in premature
      infants].
AB  - The comparison of 32 immature infants with mental retardation of various degree
      (based on the results of clinical, immunological and biochemical examinations)
      with full-term infants with analogous pathology showed in the former group a high
      incidence (82.8%) of cerebral antibodies to antigens of the homo- and
      heterological brain in the complement consumption test. Therapeutic measures
      helped to reduce neuroimmune changes while the presence of antibodies to the
      homologous brain remained stable. Using data on the excretion of vanillyl
      amygdalic and homovanillic acids, the authors established alterations in
      catecholamine catabolism as well as in the activity of serum amine oxidase, which
      depended on the degree of mental retardation. Changes in individual components of
      catecholamine metabolism were found to correlate with neuroimmune shifts. The
      data obtained point to the presence of changes in biogenic amine metabolism and
      in immunological processes in mentally retarded children, which are very likely
      to be caused by immaturity at birth.

PMID- 4039517
TI  - Diurnal fluctuations of human nerve conduction velocity.
AB  - In 14 normal subjects, sensory conduction velocity (SCV), determined at constant
      skin temperature, displayed diurnal fluctuations which were related to similar
      variations in rectal temperature. Control of surface limb temperature in routine
      EMG does not completely obviate the variations induced by the body temperature
      cycle. Diurnal fluctuations should be taken into account when performing serial
      CV determinations in the same individual.

PMID- 4039518
TI  - The role of microfilaments in the healing of the corneal endothelium.
AB  - Actin microfilaments are presumed to play a role in cell locomotion. The function
      of these filaments may be selectively suppressed by cytochalasin. A dose
      dependent delay of the repair of a corneal endothelial defect by the application
      of cytochalasin in tissue culture has been observed by SEM. This observation
      confirms that the actin microfilaments are important for the endothelial repair.

PMID- 4039519
TI  - Rates of synthesis of prealbumin and retinol-binding protein during acute
      inflammation in the rat.
AB  - The rates of synthesis of prealbumin (PA), retinol-binding protein (RBP), and
      other plasma proteins were measured in primary monolayer cultures of rat
      hepatocytes isolated from normal rats and from rats 18 h after induction of an
      inflammatory reaction by subcutaneous injection of croton oil. The inflammatory
      pattern of protein synthesis seemed to persist in the isolated hepatocytes for 1
      2 days. This pattern included significantly decreased rates of synthesis of PA.
      The rate of synthesis of RBP was probably also decreased, but significantly less
      than the rate of PA synthesis. The results support the idea that it is mainly the
      decreased rate of PA synthesis which is responsible for the decreased plasma
      concentration of PA, and its ligand RBP and retinol during inflammation.

PMID- 4039520
TI  - Torque-velocity relations in the quadriceps muscle of smoking-discordant twins
      with different fibre type proportions.

PMID- 4039521
TI  - Integrity, histologic organization and renewal ability of rat gastric and
      duodenal mucosa under conditions of a normoprotein dietary regime and chronic
      alcohol ingestion. Study I.

PMID- 4039522
TI  - Evaluation of the quantitative state of individual cell types in rat gastric and
      duodenal mucosa during normoprotein nutrition and chronic ethanol intake. Study
      II.

PMID- 4039523
TI  - [Therapeutic evolution of non-seminomatous cancers of the testicle].

PMID- 4039524
TI  - [Male infertility with chromosomal abnormalities. I. XYY syndrome].
AB  - Chromosomal abnormalities are found in a considerably high percentage of cases of
      male infertility, in particular azoospermia. We report a case of the XYY syndrome
      and review the literature. A 36-year-old man, a factory hand, presented with
      infertility. He was safely delivered at term as a fourth child when his father
      was 41 years old and his mother 38. He had no delinquent or criminal record. His
      height was 179 cm, weight 75 kg and distance of extended hands 184 cm. No
      gynecomastia was noticed. Both testes were 8ml in size and growth of pubic hair
      and penis were normal. Severe oligozoospermia was identified in semen analysis.
      Seminal vesiculography showed pathological dilatation of the seminal vas end. The
      testicular biopsy specimens revealed spermatogenic arrest for the most part.
      Chromosomal analysis showed 47, XYY karyotype; and, two Y-chromatin was revealed
      in cultured lymphocytes. Though plasma gonadotropin levels were high,
      testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, TSH, GH, T3 and T4 levels were within normal
      limits. Pituitary reserve function for secreting gonadotropins and Leydig cell
      reserve function to secrete testosterone have been found to be almost normal.

PMID- 4039525
TI  - [Fundamental studies on intravesical instillation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum
      for treatment of urinary bladder tumors. I: On the effects of intravesical
      instillation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in normal beagle dogs].
AB  - Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) is one of the most effective agents in
      the treatments of advanced bladder cancer, but little is known of its local and
      systemic toxicity when it is instilled intravesically. The objectives of this
      experiment were to study the local and systemic toxicity of intravesical DDP in
      order to know whether intravesical DDP is applicable for prophylaxis and/or
      definitive treatment of superficial bladder cancers. Six female Beagle dogs were
      used for the 48-hour retention study and 2 mongrel dogs were used for the 3-hour
      study. Plasma and bladder platinum concentration were measured following
      intravesical DDP, and also histopathological examination, urinalysis, complete
      blood count and blood chemistry were performed in order to know the toxicity of
      intravesical DDP. Plasma platinum concentration was not elevated significantly
      and no remarkable changes were observed in blood examinations after intravesical
      DDP. Bladder tissue platinum concentration was significantly elevated up to 16.96
      micrograms/g . wet after 3 hours DDP retention and 4.02 +/- 2.8 micrograms/g .
      wet after 48 hours retention in dogs. At present, intravesical instillation of
      DDP seems to have minimum local toxicity and no systemic toxicity, but further
      study is necessary for long term topical instillation of DDP.

PMID- 4039526
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis.

PMID- 4039527
TI  - Coronary artery disease in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4039528
TI  - Zinc bioavailability and infant formula.

PMID- 4039529
TI  - Changes in hepatic superoxide dismutase activity in alcoholic monkeys.
AB  - The hepatic concentrations of copper, zinc and manganese, the activity of the
      mitochondrial enzyme manganese-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and the activity of
      the cytosolic enzyme copper-zinc SOD (CuZnSOD) were measured in control and
      ethanol-fed monkeys. In the ethanol-fed group, liver Zn levels were decreased
      while the Mn concentration was increased. The activity of MnSOD was higher in the
      ethanol-fed group while the activity of CuZnSOD tended to be lower. The finding
      of increased activity of MnSOD is consistent with the finding of enlarged
      mitochondria and increased liver Mn in the ethanol-fed group. Increased MnSOD may
      reflect substrate induction, since superoxide anions are generated by ethanol
      metabolism. On the other hand, insufficient CuZnSOD activity may contribute to
      increased ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation with resultant mitochondrial damage.
      Thus, the chronic consumption of ethanol results in altered levels of trace
      minerals and SOD activities in the liver which in turn may contribute to hepatic
      injury.

PMID- 4039530
TI  - Cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Correlation with plasma platinum concentrations.
AB  - Plasma platinum concentrations were measured in 45 patients receiving 46 courses
      of cisplatin (DDP) 100-120 mg/m2 and in 21 patients receiving 35-60 mg/m2.
      Samples were drawn 5 minutes, 24, and 48 hours following completion of the DDP
      infusion. Nephrotoxicity was defined as a greater than 50% increase in serum
      creatinine measured at 24 and/or 48 hours when compared to the baseline
      pretreatment value. In patients receiving DDP 100-120 mg/m2, 5/20 with 5-minute
      plasma platinum concentrations greater than 6 micrograms/ml developed
      nephrotoxicity; 0/26 with concentrations less than 6 micrograms/ml became
      nephrotoxic (p less than 0.05). Concentrations at 24 and 48 hours in toxic and
      nontoxic patients were similar. Five-minute plasma platinum concentrations in
      excess of 6 micrograms/ml did not occur in the 21 patients receiving DDP 35-60
      mg/m2. Only one of these 21 patients became nephrotoxic. The data suggest that an
      increased incidence of acute nephrotoxicity is related to high peak plasma
      platinum concentrations.

PMID- 4039532
TI  - The importance of primary diagnosis in perinatal death.
AB  - In a referral perinatal center a detailed study was made of all the perinatal
      deaths that occurred during 1 year; they were analyzed according to primary
      diagnoses on the basis of a classification by R. L. Naeye which included the
      placenta. This method points to the areas in which special efforts at prevention
      should be made, and it should become a reliable basis for comparison.

PMID- 4039531
TI  - A new X-linked syndrome with muscle atrophy, congenital contractures, and
      oculomotor apraxia.
AB  - Six men from three generations of one family had manifestations of a possible new
      syndrome. All had congenital contractures of the feet at birth, a slowly
      progressive predominantly distal muscle atrophy, dyspraxia of the eye, face, and
      tongue muscles, and mild mental retardation. The pedigree is compatible with X
      linked recessive inheritance with no detectable manifestations in the obligate
      carriers. Linkage analysis excludes close linkage with the Xg locus and a
      polymorphic DNA sequence from the long arm of the X chromosome (DXS17).

PMID- 4039533
TI  - Urethral isolation of the genital mycoplasmas and Chlamydia trachomatis in women
      with chronic urologic complaints.
AB  - Eighty-six abacteriuric women with chronic urologic complaints were studied to
      determine the relationship of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and
      Ureaplasma urealyticum to their symptoms or diagnoses. All patients had urethral
      scrape specimens for isolation of the three organisms as well as a detailed
      urologic history and urodynamic evaluation. Thirty-three of 86 patients (38%) had
      positive urethral ureaplasma cultures; seven had concurrent M. hominis isolation.
      No patient had M. hominis as the only urethral isolate and none had a positive C.
      trachomatis culture. There were no significant differences in urologic symptoms
      or in urodynamic diagnoses between Ureaplasma culture-positive and culture
      negative subjects. It was also found that colonization of the urethra with
      Ureaplasma decreased with increasing age and with hypoestrogenism.

PMID- 4039534
TI  - Medical factors in hyperactive and normal children: prenatal, developmental, and
      health history findings.
AB  - Guided by the goal of documenting the natural course of the life histories of a
      large sample of hyperactive children and their control counterparts, this
      research reports the extent to which prenatal, developmental, and health history
      factors distinguish hyperactive and control groups, as well as the relative
      contributions of the various medical factors. Results indicate that prenatal
      factors, rather than those occurring later in the child's medical history, are
      the best predictors of subsequent hyperactive diagnosis.

PMID- 4039535
TI  - Food restriction increases torpor and improves brown adipose tissue thermogenesis
      in ob/ob mice.
AB  - Restricting the food intake of the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse is known to
      ameliorate its cold intolerance. Cold intolerance of the ob/ob mouse is
      associated with defective thermogenesis in its brown adipose tissue. The
      objective of the experiments was to find out whether food restriction could
      increase the thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue of the ob/ob mouse.
      Obese and lean mice were fed a restricted amount of chow in one meal per day for
      3-7 mo. Both lean and ob/ob mice were torpid (rectal temperature of approximately
      32 degrees C) in the early morning and aroused spontaneously to a normal body
      temperature before the anticipated meal time. Obese mice were also torpid during
      the dark phase, whereas lean mice were active and had a normal body temperature
      at this time. Brown adipose tissue was in a thermogenically inactive state (low
      level of mitochondrial GDP binding) in torpid lean and ob/ob mice but became
      thermogenically active (increase in mitochondrial GDP binding) during stimulated
      arousal when body temperature increased by 6-7 degrees C in 15-30 min. Ad libitum
      fed ob/ob mice had a normal diurnal rhythm in a rectal temperature that was at a
      lower level than in lean ad libitum-fed mice. They did not raise their rectal
      temperatures when stimulated and no activation of brown adipose tissue
      thermogenesis occurred under these conditions. Food restriction increased the
      capacity of both lean and ob/ob mice to raise their metabolic rate in response to
      injection of noradrenaline, indicating an increased capacity for thermogenesis in
      their brown adipose tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039536
TI  - Hypothalamic obesity, brown adipose tissue, and sympathoadrenal activity in rats.
AB  - Obesity-producing, hypothalamic knife cuts and ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH)
      lesions in ad libitum-fed adult rats increased intake of a high-fat diet (123 and
      130%) and energy retention (880 and 1,099%) during the 4-wk period postsurgery;
      even when pair fed to control rats, energy retention of the knife-cut and
      lesioned rats was still elevated (105 and 155%). Thermogenic capacity of brown
      adipose tissue (BAT), estimated from guanosine diphosphate (GDP) binding to BAT
      mitochondria, was unchanged in hyperphagic knife-cut and VMH-lesioned rats and
      was reduced approximately 50% when these rats were pair fed to controls. Urinary
      excretion of norepinephrine (NE) was approximately twofold higher in ad libitum
      fed, knife-cut, and lesioned rats than in control rats; restriction of energy
      intake decreased NE excretion to control values. Rates of NE turnover in heart
      paralleled urinary NE excretion, whereas NE turnover in BAT was generally not
      increased in the hyperphagic rats. Urinary epinephrine excretion, an index of
      adrenal medullary activity, was depressed in all knife-cut and VMH-lesioned rats.
      Hyperphagia coupled with a lack of increased heat production in BAT causes gross
      obesity in ad libitum-fed, knife-cut, and VMH-lesioned rats, whereas obesity in
      pair-fed rats develops in part at least as a result of reduced heat production by
      BAT.

PMID- 4039537
TI  - Somatomedin C/insulinlike growth factor I during liver regeneration in the rat.
AB  - We measured immunoreactive somatomedin C/insulinlike growth factor I (Sm C/IGF I)
      in blood and tissues of rats following partial hepatectomy (PH) to determine a
      possible regulatory role for this growth factor in liver regeneration. From a
      mean value of 0.66 U/ml +/- 0.19 before PH, the serum Sm C/IGF I rose to 1.09 +/-
      0.08 1 h after PH [P less than 0.001 vs. sham-hepatectomized (SH) values].
      Concurrently there was a twofold rise in serum aspartate aminotransferase,
      suggesting that the rise in Sm C/IGF I may be the result of hepatocellular injury
      rather than a specific secretory event. In the subsequent 22 h, serum Sm C/IGF I
      of PH rats fell to 0.31 +/- 0.06 U/ml, compared with 0.73 +/- 0.03 in SH rats.
      During this time, liver concentrations of the peptide declined to 30% of basal,
      whereas lung and kidney fell to only approximately 60% of basal. As the Sm C/IGF
      I declined, hepatic DNA synthesis increased 10-fold in PH animals. Our results,
      therefore, do not support a mitogenic role for Sm C/IGF I in the regulation of
      liver regulation. Food consumption was markedly depressed in the 22 h after PH
      (20.8 +/- 2.6 vs. 4.33 +/- 2.9 g/day; P less than 0.001). PH and pair-fed SH rats
      had serum Sm C/IGF I concentrations that were indistinguishable (0.31 +/- 0.06
      vs. 0.35 +/- 0.11 U/ml), although liver tissue concentrations were lower in PH
      rats (0.04 +/- 0.01 U/g vs. 0.07 +/- 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039538
TI  - Compensatory mechanisms in response to an elevated hepatic oxygen consumption in
      chronically ethanol-fed rats.
AB  - During conditions that elevate hepatic oxygen consumption (VLO2), oxygen
      delivery, or oxygen extraction may also increase, acting as compensatory
      mechanisms. VLO2 was quantitated by an in vivo method in chronically ethanol-fed
      rats to establish whether VLO2 was increased and what compensatory mechanisms
      might ensue. VLO2 was increased 45% (0.32 +/- 0.02 ml O2 X min-1 X 100 g body wt
      1; P less than 0.001) in rats chronically fed ethanol for 8 wk, while VLO2 (0.28
      +/- 0.04; P = NS) was not increased in chronically ethanol-fed rats withdrawn
      from ethanol 20 h before study compared with control rats (0.22 +/- 0.01). Oxygen
      delivery was increased 31% (P less than 0.05) in ethanol-fed rats and adequately
      compensated for the increased VLO2. Hepatic artery blood flow did not increase in
      ethanol-fed rats, indicating a lack of hepatic artery vasodilation in response to
      the elevated VLO2. As a result, a greater percentage of oxygen delivery was
      supplied via portal venous blood flow that has a reduced oxygen content. These
      observations might suggest that ethanol-fed rats may have a decreased reserve for
      maintaining an adequate oxygen supply to the liver and may be at an increased
      liability for developing hepatic hypoxia if oxygen delivery and/or extraction
      were compromised.

PMID- 4039539
TI  - Measurement of glomerular filtration rate in conscious unrestrained rats with
      inulin infused by implanted osmotic pumps.
AB  - A method is described for determining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in
      conscious unrestrained rats without extracellular volume expansion. The
      glomerular marker used was 14C-labeled inulin infused in the minimal fluid volume
      of 1 microliter/h by intraperitoneally implanted osmotic minipumps. The
      workability, reproducibility, and precision of the technique was evaluated in
      sham-operated (sham) and uninephrectomized (UNI-NX) rats for 6 days. In six sham
      operated rats the clearance of [14C]-inulin calculated from the plasma value
      obtained in a blood sample taken at 10 A.M. before food consumption was (means +/
      SE): day 1 after pump implantation: 1.38 +/- 0.05; day 2: 1.27 +/- 0.05; day 3:
      1.46 +/- 0.16; day 4: 1.45 +/- 0.15; day 5: 1.33 +/- 0.08; day 6: 1.38 +/- 0.11
      ml/min. In six UNI-NX rats the corresponding values were: day 1: 0.88 +/- 0.04;
      day 2: 0.79 +/- 0.05; day 3: 0.91 +/- 0.03; day 4: 0.91 +/- 0.03; day 5: 0.83 +/-
      0.06; day 6: 0.87 +/- 0.05 ml/min. When determined on day 2, 3, or 6 at 6 P.M.,
      i.e., at the end of the food consumption period, [14C]inulin clearance was
      increased in all animals compared with the value determined at 10 A.M. in the
      fasted state. The use of implanted osmotic minipumps for delivering a glomerular
      marker such as [14C]inulin allows the determination of GFR in conscious
      unrestrained rats with normal fluid balance conditions. This method appears to be
      particularly appropriate for studying the influence of the intake and composition
      of food on GFR in physiological conditions.

PMID- 4039540
TI  - Volumetric aerobiological survey of conidial fungi in the North-East Netherlands.
      II. Comparison of aerobiological data and skin tests with mould extracts in an
      asthmatic population.
AB  - A study was undertaken to see whether the principal airborne fungi in the North
      East Netherlands were also found to be the most reactive in skin testing.
      Atmospheric samples were taken weekly with the Andersen sampler, from April 1981,
      up to and including, June 1983. At the same time skin tests of 833 patients
      referred to the outpatient Departments of Pulmonology and Allergology, because of
      recurrent bronchial obstructive complaints and a suspected allergy, were studied
      for strongly positive skin reactivity to fungi. 4.6% of the patients reacted with
      a wheal of 10 mm diameter or more to one or more of the tested fungi. Almost
      three-quarters of the airborne fungal "flora" was composed of seven genera,
      namely (in order of occurrence): Cladosporium (42.6%), Botrytis (8.6%), Yeasts
      (7%), Penicillium (5.8%), Basidiomycetes (5.7%), Aspergillus (3.7%), and
      Alternaria (0.9%). In skin-testing, however, a different order of occurrence
      existed: namely: Beauveria (6.8%), Botrytis (6.1%), Aspergillus (4.7%), Mucor
      (3.8%), Epicoccum (3%), Cladosporium (2.3%), and Alternaria (1.1%). It is
      concluded that the most prevailing airborne moulds are not necessarily the most
      potent allergens, at least in skin testing. Aspergillus and Botrytis showed a
      high sensitization rate, while Cladosporium and Alternaria did not. Botrytis
      deserves further study because of its frequent airborne occurrence and marked
      allergenic properties.

PMID- 4039541
TI  - A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for 6
      mercaptopurine metabolites in red blood cells.
AB  - A highly sensitive and rapid assay for the detection of 6-mercaptopurine
      metabolites in the red blood cells of leukemic patients receiving the drug has
      been developed. The method employs a batch-chromatographic procedure using a
      mercurial cellulose resin to selectively absorb thiol compounds combined with
      separation by high-performance liquid chromatography using a Partisil-SAX column
      and uv detection. This method permits detection of 6-thioinosine monophosphate, 6
      thiouric acid, and 6-thioguanosine mono-, di-, and triphosphates in patient
      samples with a sensitivity of 5-10 pmol. No 6-thioinosine di- or triphosphates
      were detected in patient samples. The results of our study indicate that 6
      thioguanosine triphosphate is the major metabolite of 6-mercaptopurine retained
      by red blood cells after oral or iv administration of the drug.

PMID- 4039542
TI  - Selective, rapid removal of the vitamin D-binding protein and its sterol ligands
      from human and bovine plasma.
AB  - Rapid and selective removal of plasma vitamin D-binding protein was effected by
      the serial passage of plasma over four columns of agarose containing covalently
      linked skeletal muscle G-actin. By maintaining an actin-to-binding protein molar
      ratio of at least 4 to 1 throughout, greater than 99% of the binding protein was
      removed from the fourth column's eluate. In contrast, 87% of the total plasma or
      serum protein applied was recovered, and electrophoretic analyses of human and
      bovine sera that had undergone these affinity chromatography steps revealed no
      major alterations in protein distribution. The procedure also removes vitamin D
      sterols selectively, with preference for 25-hydroxycalciferol (90% removal) over
      1,25-dihydroxycalciferol (65-70% removal) and calciferol (70% removal), in
      accordance with the known affinity displayed by the binding protein for these
      sterol ligands. Recovery of other serum constituents (cortisol, proteins, peptide
      hormones, calcium and alkaline phosphatase) was excellent, further confirming the
      selectivity of the technique. Utilizing vitamin D-deficient serum, serum depleted
      of the vitamin D-binding protein was not distinguishable from control serum in
      supporting the growth of human fibroblasts in vitro. In comparison with other
      methods to remove serum-binding protein or sterols, the present technique is more
      selective and can be used for mammalian and avian sera. Material so prepared
      could prove useful for studies of the cellular access, metabolism, and effects of
      vitamin D sterols in vitro.

PMID- 4039543
TI  - Fluid-phase and adsorptive endocytosis in ciliated epithelial cells of the rat
      ductuli efferentes.
AB  - Ciliated cells of the ductuli efferentes show at their apex a discrete endocytic
      apparatus composed of small vesicles connected to or subjacent to the apical
      plasma membrane, small apical membranous tubules, and pale multivesicular bodies.
      Deeper in the cytoplasm, there are acid phosphatase-positive denser,
      multivesicular bodies and secondary lysosomes showing an electron-dense cortex
      and a crystalline, paler stained core. Cationic ferritin and concanavalin A
      ferritin used to demonstrate adsorptive endocytosis, when injected into the rete
      testis, rapidly reached the lumen of the ductuli efferentes. At 1 min after
      injection, these tracers were seen bound to the apical plasma membrane of
      ciliated cells and within small endocytic vesicles and by 5 min in narrow apical
      tubules. At 15 and 30 min after injection, the tracers appeared in pale
      multivesicular bodies while at 1 hr they were found within dense multivesicular
      bodies. At 2 hr and longer time intervals these tracers accumulated within
      secondary lysosomes. Native ferritin, concanavalin A-ferritin in the presence of
      alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, and horseradish peroxidase or albumin-colloidal gold
      complexes were used to analyze fluid-phase endocytosis. At various intervals
      following their injection into the rete testis, these tracers presented a
      distribution identical in all respects to that described for cationic ferritin
      and concanavalin A-ferritin. In the present work, none of the above tracers were
      transported to the abluminal aspect of the ciliated cells. These cells, like the
      nonciliated epithelial cells of the ductuli efferentes are thus involved in
      adsorptive as well as in fluid-phase endocytosis.

PMID- 4039544
TI  - Harlequin color change in an infant during anesthesia.

PMID- 4039545
TI  - Control of Isospora suis-induced coccidiosis on a swine farm.
AB  - Results of a program designed to control neonatal porcine coccidiosis on a total
      confinement, farrow-to-finish swine farm are reported. The control program
      consisted of washing, phenol disinfection, and steam cleaning of farrowing houses
      and treatment of sows with amprolium HCl before and after farrowing. Before
      initiation of the control program, 88.9% of the sows examined in the farrowing
      house were negative for coccidian oocysts, 9.9% were positive for Eimeria spp,
      and 1.2% were positive for Isospora suis. Most pigs nursing on sows before
      initiation of the control program had diarrhea at 5 to 10 days of age, which led
      to dehydration and weight loss. Morbidity was high, and mortality was moderate.
      Composite fecal samples from these litters were all positive (100%) for I suis.
      After initiation of the control program, 99.6% of the sows examined in the
      farrowing house were negative for coccidian oocysts and 0.4% were positive for
      Eimeria spp. Clinical signs of coccidiosis were rarely present in nursing pigs
      examined after the control program was initiated; however, I suis was still
      present in 19.8% of the composite fecal samples from pigs examined. An
      association between oocyst production in sows and I suis infections in pigs was
      not found in the present study. Oocysts of Eimeria spp were not found in the
      feces from the pigs.

PMID- 4039546
TI  - Oncogenic osteomalacia and renal adenomatoid dysplasia.

PMID- 4039547
TI  - Retinal manifestations of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) following use
      of contraceptive treatment.
AB  - An 18-year old woman, suffering from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
      disease after taking an oral contraceptive, developed bilateral retinal
      elevations in the posterior pole with Elschnig spot formation without visual
      acuity impairment. Clinical and laboratory evaluation combined with intensive
      medical and surgical therapy (splenectomy) caused regression of the ocular and
      general findings. We believe that the ocular pathologic findings in this clinical
      case are due to injury in the choroidal vasculature and the pe layer as a
      manifestation of the TTP disease.

PMID- 4039548
TI  - Nasal blood flow and airway resistance. Canine study.
AB  - Nasal blood flow was measured in anesthetized dogs by an electromagnetic flow
      sensor placed around the terminal branch of the internal maxillary artery, the
      major arterial supply to the nasal mucosa. Nasal airway resistance was monitored
      simultaneously by recording the transnasal pressure when airflow through the
      nasal cavity was maintained constant. Phenylephrine decreased nasal blood flow
      and airway resistance while albuterol (salbutamol) did the opposite.
      Prostaglandin E1 increased nasal blood flow but decreased airway resistance. The
      present study demonstrates that nasal vascular and airway resistance may change
      in parallel or opposite directions, implying that nasal airway resistance cannot
      be used to assess the vascular situation in the nose.

PMID- 4039549
TI  - [Fructose utilization by hepatocytes isolated from fed obese fa/fa Zucker rats.
      Metabolic fate of fructose in the absence of the modulator].
AB  - The utilization of fructose by isolated hepatocytes was investigated in fed obese
      Zucker fa/fa rats compared with their lean littermates (Fa/?) and Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Hepatocytes were incubated during 3 h using U14C fructose (20 mM). Our
      results show: a significant increase of fructose consumption, glucose, lactate
      and pyruvate production and faster turnover of glycogen by fa/fa rats. In these
      animals, synthesis of acylglycerol was also significantly enhanced. Our results
      suggest that fructose in fa/fa rats was used preferentially as precursor for
      lipid synthesis not only by the liver but also by the adipose tissue after a
      prior transformation into glucose by hepatocytes. All these abnormalities result
      in an accumulation of acylglycerols maintaining an obesity state in fa/fa rats.

PMID- 4039550
TI  - Optimum time sequence for the administration of cyclophosphamide and other drugs
      in vivo.
AB  - The significance of time interval for administration of a second drug after a
      first dose of cyclophosphamide (CTX) was studied for a human ovarian, lung, and
      colon carcinoma line growing as xenografts in nude mice. The effects of
      combination of two drugs were found to be dependent on the interval between the
      administration of each drug. The most effective chemotherapy schedules were those
      in which adriamycin (ADM) or CTX were sequenced to coincide with the time point
      where the tumour was regrowing from the single dose of CTX. The variation of the
      cell kinetic parameters, as estimated by flow cytometry analysis, could not be
      correlated with the antitumour action of the drug combination.

PMID- 4039551
TI  - Macrocyclic trichothecene toxins produced by Stachybotrys atra strains isolated
      in Middle Europe.
AB  - A total of 17 strains of Stachybotrys atra isolated in Hungary and Czechoslovakia
      were cultured on Sabouraud agar, and the toxins produced by them were chemically
      analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and
      mass spectroscopy. Furthermore, brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay was used
      for the determination of toxicity of the compounds examined. Macrocyclic
      trichothecenes (satratoxins H and G, roridin E, and verrucarin J as well as two
      other unidentified macrocyclic trichothecenes) were found in all of the cultures
      tested. The identities of satratoxins H and G, roridin E, and verrucarin J were
      qualitatively determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas-liquid
      chromatography. The ratio of satratoxins H and G and roridin E was found to be
      similar in each of the strains tested, but the amount of verrucarin J found was
      different in each of them. One of the unidentified macrocyclic trichothecenes was
      equivalent to the compound isolated by Harrach et al. (Harrach et al., Appl.
      Environ. Microbiol. 41:1428-1433, 1981). The other one proved to be a newly
      isolated macrocyclic trichothecene toxin. Stachybotryotoxicosis, one of the
      oldest mycotoxicoses known, and a serious problem in Middle Europe (Gy. Danko,
      Magy. Allatorv. Lapja 31:226-232, 1976), is believed to be caused by macrocyclic
      trichothecene toxins produced by Stachybotrys atra (R. M. Eppley, in Rodricks et
      al., ed., Mycotoxins in Human and Animal Health, p. 285-293, 1977). Forty years
      ago, the death of animals in the Soviet Union was associated with this fungus (C.
      U. Ruhliada, in Proceedings of the All-Union Sci. and Tech. Conf., p. 47-51,
      1980).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039552
TI  - [Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas].
AB  - Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas
      requires: (1) correct identification of the effective postoperative adjuvant
      chemotherapy, (2) eradication of any of the micrometastatic foci that may have
      already occurred in many of the patients with these sarcomas, (3) easier and
      safer limb-salvage procedure, being clearly defined, with shrinkage of the
      primary lesion. For this purpose, a preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimen
      making practical use of intra-arterial CDDP (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II)
      infusion is desired in multi-drug combined chemotherapeutic treatment, including
      HDMTX (high-dose methotrexate), ADR (adriamycin) and CDDP. In this paper, the
      clinical application of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy to skeletal and soft
      tissue sarcomas with combination of HDMTX and CDDP is presented in the light of
      the observations of tumor response to these anticancer agents, and the
      possibility of to establishing a new preoperative adjuvant protocol is discussed.

PMID- 4039553
TI  - [Effect of combined use of adrenocortical hormones and domperidone as anti
      emetics during cisplatin therapy].
AB  - Eighteen patients received repeated administrations of cisplatin in relatively
      large amounts (55-75-100 mg/m2) given systemically by drop infusion. As
      antiemetic treatments, the following were scheduled: on the day before;
      prednisolone 30mg (3 X p.o.), immediately before; methylprednisolone 500mg
      (i.v.), and 3 hours after administration of cisplatin ; methylprednisolone 500mg
      (i.v.) and domperidone 60 mg (suppo.). Domperidone was given twice a day for one
      week. Nausea, vomiting and anorexia were studied objectively for two weeks. At a
      dose of 75 mg/m2 of cisplatin, the occurrence and the duration of nausea and
      vomiting were effectively reduced by the regimen; nausea was observed in 67% of
      all cases (average duration: 3.3 days) and vomiting was experienced in 40% (1.2
      days). Anorexia was observed in 67% of cases and lasted longer (5.2 days). The
      severity and duration of these side effects of nausea, vomiting and anorexia
      seemed to appear in a manner related to the dose of cisplatin given, but even at
      a dose of 100 mg/m2, the regimen described above reduced the patients' discomfort
      to acceptable levels. No remarkable side effect of this anti-emetic regimen was
      evident.

PMID- 4039554
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of cisplatin in the treatment of disseminated
      cancer of the prostate].

PMID- 4039555
TI  - Cimetidine blocks testosterone synthesis.
AB  - Although an assortment of endocrine dysfunctions are reported in men treated with
      cimetidine hydrochloride, gonadotropin and sex steroid levels are usually normal.
      A 66-year-old man with previously normal sexual function presented with breast
      tenderness and sexual dysfunction after receiving cimetidine. His plasma
      testosterone level was low, and elevated gonadotropin levels suggested a primary
      testicular disorder. His sexual dysfunction improved and his plasma testosterone
      level rose to normal after cimetidine therapy was discontinued. Readministration
      of cimetidine therapy resulted in the prompt recurrence of his sexual problems
      and low testosterone level. A reversible defect in 17-beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase is the mechanism postulated to have caused his low testosterone
      level. While the frequency of this abnormality is uncertain, its reversible
      nature and the wide use of cimetidine make it an important cause of sexual
      dysfunction in men.

PMID- 4039556
TI  - Splenectomy and extravascular platelet destruction in thrombotic thrombocytopenic
      purpura.
AB  - Intravascular platelet deposition has been considered an essential
      pathophysiologic mechanism in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Splenectomy
      resulted in prompt and sustained hematologic improvement in a patient with the
      chronic form of the disease. The response to splenectomy, normal plasma levels of
      secretable platelet proteins, and phagocytosis of erythrocyte fragments and
      platelets by splenic macrophages demonstrated by electron microscopy suggest that
      platelet destruction may occasionally be predominantly extravascular in this
      disease.

PMID- 4039557
TI  - Nocturnal penile tumescence and penile responses in the waking state in diabetic
      and nondiabetic sexual dysfunctionals.
AB  - This study compared diabetics with sexual dysfunction, nondiabetics with sexual
      dysfunction, and a group of controls on nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) during
      three nights in a sleep laboratory, and penile response to erotic stimulation in
      the waking state on one of the nights. Both diabetic and nondiabetic
      dysfunctionals showed less erectile response to erotic films and tape than
      controls but did not differ from each other. In contrast, the diabetic
      dysfunctionals showed significantly weaker NPT response than both the nondiabetic
      dysfunctionals and the controls, and 58% of them (contrasted with 23% of
      nondiabetic dysfunctionals and 0% of controls) would be classified as organic
      using minimal NPT (less than 11.5 mm maximal increase in penile circumference
      during any nocturnal erection) as the sole criterion. There was a significant
      relationship between NPT and waking erections in response to erotic stimuli,
      especially in the diabetic dysfunctionals and the controls.

PMID- 4039558
TI  - Personality variables and circumstances of sexual assault predictive of a woman's
      resistance.
AB  - The present study investigated degree of resistance to sexual assault as a
      function of personality variables and circumstances of assault. Death anxiety was
      the personality variable most predictive of high resistance. The profile of the
      high-resistant women showed that the absence of a weapon, lower death anxiety,
      and knowing the assailant accounted for 66% of the variance. It was inferred that
      the life-threatening aspects of the rape situation are of great importance in
      determining a potential victim's reaction.

PMID- 4039559
TI  - [Spatial reorganization of the organelles of catecholamine-synthesizing group A1
      neurons during emotional stress].
AB  - Dynamics of spatial reorganization of organellas in catecholamine-synthesizing
      neurons of A1 group, that participate in reactions of the cardiovascular control,
      have been studied under normal conditions and under stimulation of the
      ventromedial nucleus in the hypothalamus. During transition of the hypertensive
      reaction into the hypotensive one, concentration of various organellas in the
      Golgi complex area and in the perinuclear zone is intensively increasing. Deep
      mutual nucleocytoplasmic invaginations appear. The spatial reorganization of the
      organellas in the neuron demonstrates that some new integrations take place in
      its metabolic system and reflects its another qualitative state. This serves as
      an impulse for structural adaptive modifications of the synaptic apparatus. There
      is a reason to suppose that one of the ways for organization of the alive system
      stability to an emotional stress is the way of reorganization of the connections,
      creation of another physiological architecture of the functional system, that can
      ensure the adaptive reactions of the organism to emotional overstrains.

PMID- 4039560
TI  - Cellular mechanisms of resolution of drusen after laser coagulation. An
      experimental study.
AB  - Naturally occurring drusen in two eyes of a rhesus monkey resolved after the
      application to the retina of mild laser coagulation. Clinically, resolution took
      place approximately nine days following treatment. The cellular mechanism for
      resolution was observed by light and electron microscopy over a time period of
      three days to six weeks after treatment. A previously unidentified phagocytic
      cell, probably derived from the pericyte of the choriocapillaris, was observed to
      remove drusenoid material after laser photocoagulation. The cell appeared to be
      analogous to the mesangial cell of the renal glomerulus.

PMID- 4039561
TI  - The effect of alcohol intoxication on inflammation of the cornea.
AB  - New Zealand albino rabbits received daily intraperitoneal injections of alcohol
      (ethyl alcohol), 1.6 g/kg and the effect of short-term (three days) and long-term
      (six weeks) administration on corneal inflammation was studied. Both regimens
      produced an average peak serum concentration of more than 0.200 g/dL, a level
      consistent with gross intoxication in the majority of humans. Clinical signs of
      intoxication were present in all animals, manifested by a gross disturbance of
      equilibrium and gait. Neither regimen produced measurable liver damage.
      Nonetheless, following both regimens of alcohol administration, significantly
      fewer polymorphonuclear leukocytes invaded the corneas of animals receiving
      alcohol than invaded the corneas of simultaneously run controls receiving
      intraperitoneal saline. These data provide a mechanism to explain why an
      alcoholic individual might not cope with a corneal infection as well as a
      nonalcoholic person, an observation long thought to be true clinically.

PMID- 4039562
TI  - Aggressive behavior inhibition by serotonin and quipazine injected into the
      amygdala in the rat.
AB  - The effects on aggressive behavior, open-field activity, and pain threshold of
      bilateral microinjections of serotonin (20 micrograms) and quipazine (20
      micrograms), the direct serotonergic receptor agonist, into the cortico-medial
      amygdala were investigated in Wistar rats. Both drugs significantly prolonged the
      attack latency in isolated killer rats (predatory aggression model), and
      suppressed the incidence of aggressive postures/attacks in shock-induced fighting
      test (affective aggression). The only difference in the open-field behavior was
      the lower number of central square entries in drug-treated compared to saline
      injected rats. None of the substances produced any significant change in jump
      threshold. It is concluded that stimulation of serotonin receptors within the
      amygdala produces inhibition of affective and muricidal behavior in isolated
      rats. The effect does not seem to be dependent on changes in general activity and
      pain sensitivity.

PMID- 4039563
TI  - Activation and stabilization of the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase.
AB  - The requirements for stability and activity of the catalytic unit (C) of
      adenylate cyclase were investigated. After solubilization of bovine brain
      membranes in the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propane-1-sulphonate (Chaps), the catalytic unit
      was separated from the stimulatory guanine-nucleotide-binding protein (Gs) by gel
      filtration on Ultrogel AcA-34. The partially purified C unit was rapidly
      inactivated at 30 degrees C; 0.25 mM-ATP stabilized activity. Although C-unit
      activity was dependent on Mg2+ or Mn2+, stabilization by ATP did not require
      bivalent cations. Activity of the Ultrogel-AcA-34-purified C unit was increased
      by Ca2+ plus calmodulin and by phosphatidylcholine plus lysophosphatidylcholine;
      activity in the presence of both activators was significantly greater than with
      each alone. Calmodulin plus Ca2+ and phospholipids also stabilized C unit. The
      column-purified C unit was activated by forskolin; the effect of forskolin was
      additive to those of calmodulin plus Ca2+ and phospholipids. p[NH]ppG-stimulated
      adenylate cyclase activity was reconstituted by mixing samples from the gel
      filtration column containing Gs with C unit. Activation by Ca2+ plus calmodulin
      and Gs plus p[NH]ppG was additive; Ca2+ plus calmodulin did not alter the
      concentration of p[NH]ppG required for half-maximal activation. Results were
      similar with forskolin and Gs plus p[NH]ppG; the presence of one activator did
      not alter the effect of the other. These studies define conditions for separation
      of C unit and Gs from brain adenylate cyclase and demonstrate that ATP (in the
      absence of bivalent cations), phospholipids, calmodulin plus Ca2+, and forskolin
      all interact with C unit in a manner that is independent of functional Gs.

PMID- 4039564
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of the tissue plasminogen activator in
      nasal mucosa and nasal polyp.
AB  - Tissue plasminogen activator was partially purified from the inferior turbinate
      and nasal polyp, and its biochemical properties were investigated. Similar TPA
      peak positions were seen in the gel filtration chromatography of both tissues,
      and the molecular weight was approximately 65,000, which was comparable to TPA of
      pig heart (55,000-60,000). Activity of TPA from inferior turbinate was higher
      than that from nasal polyp. TPA from both tissues was completely inhibited by
      trans-aminomethyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid, dithiothreitol, and
      diisopropylfluorophosphate and had similar inhibition profiles to TPA from pig
      heart. All these findings indicate that TPA from both tissues is undoubtedly a
      plasminogen-activating enzyme and serine-type protease and would be biochemically
      identical.

PMID- 4039565
TI  - A progestin effect on lactate dehydrogenase in the human breast cancer cell line
      T-47D.
AB  - The human breast cancer cell line T-47D has high levels of progesterone receptor
      even in the absence of exogenously added estrogen. Because of this it is a good
      line in which to study aspects of progestin action. It has been shown by others
      that lactate dehydrogenase in MCF-7 cells is responsive to estrogen but not to
      progesterone. Other proteins in other systems have been found to be responsive to
      both estrogen and progesterone, often requiring priming by estrogen, presumably
      to produce sufficiently high quantities of progesterone receptor. Reasoning that
      lactate dehydrogenase in T-47D cells might be stimulated by progestins alone at
      physiological levels since these cells already have high levels of progesterone
      receptor, we now report that this is indeed the case.

PMID- 4039566
TI  - Involvement of cytochrome b5 in the hepatic microsomal metabolism of
      benzo(a)pyrene.
AB  - Ethanol consumption decreased the specific content of microsomal cytochrome b5 in
      both chow-and liquid diet-fed hamsters while cytochrome P450 levels were
      unchanged in chow-fed animals and increased in liquid diet-fed animals.
      Microsomes from animals receiving ethanol in their drinking water exhibited
      decreased rates of microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and
      postmitochondrial supernatant mediated mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene. In
      contrast, microsomes from hamsters receiving ethanol in liquid diets showed no
      changes in either of these two activities. When the observed rates of 7,8 and
      9,10 diol formation per nmole P450 for chow-fed animals are plotted vs. the
      b5/P450 ratio a positive correlation was observed suggesting that cytochrome b5
      participates directly in the microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene.

PMID- 4039567
TI  - The renal fractional clearance of platinum antitumour compounds in relation to
      nephrotoxicity.
AB  - The fractional renal clearance of platinum relative to inulin was measured in the
      conscious rat during the period 60-70 min after injection of the nephrotoxic
      drug, cisplatin, or its non-nephrotoxic analogues (trans-dichlorodiammine
      platinum II, carboplatin or iproplatin). The fractional clearance of platinum was
      between 3 and 4 for cisplatin and its analogues. Platinum from cisplatin and its
      trans isomer is essentially irreversibly bound whilst that from carboplatin and
      iproplatin is largely reversibly bound to blood proteins. Probenecid and
      triethanolamine both caused an increase whereas furosemide caused a decrease in
      the fractional clearance of total platinum from cisplatin. Choline chloride had
      no nett effect on the fractional clearance of total platinum. Both furosemide and
      triethanolamine made no significant difference to the severity of cisplatin
      induced nephrotoxicity. However, probenecid enhanced cisplatin induced
      nephrotoxicity and choline chloride was capable of blocking cisplatin induced
      nephrotoxicity. We conclude that the renal tubular transport of platinum is not
      per se responsible for the nephrotoxicity of platinum compounds. However, in the
      case of cisplatin, or one of its metabolites, renal tubular transport may be a
      prerequisite for nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4039568
TI  - Progestogens with antimineralocorticoid activity.
AB  - The ability of 11 steroids with varying degrees of progestogenic potency to
      inhibit the renal actions of aldosterone was tested in adrenalectomized,
      glucocorticoid-treated rats. The rats were continuously infused with an isotonic
      solution of low sodium content (0.05% NaCl + 5.2% glucose, 3 ml/rat/h)
      supplemented with d-aldosterone [1 microgram/(kg X h)] resulting in a long
      lasting reduction in renal sodium excretion, increase in renal potassium
      excretion and hence decrease in the urinary Na/K-ratio. The test drugs were
      administered either subcutaneously or orally 1 h before start of infusion. Their
      antimineralocorticoid activity was judged by the increase in the aldosterone
      lowered Na/K-ratio in urine which was collected at hourly intervals for 15 or 21
      h, respectively. Adrenalectomized, glucocorticoid-treated rats receiving an i.v.
      infusion without aldosterone were used for assessing possible mineralocorticoid
      effects of the steroids tested. D-Norgestrel, norethisterone acetate, 3-keto
      desogestrel (the active metabolite of desogestrel) and cyproterone acetate,
      respectively, did neither show antimineralocorticoid nor mineralocorticoid
      activity when injected subcutaneously at a dose of 53.3 mg/kg. In contrast,
      gestodene (26.7 or 53.3 mg/kg s.c., respectively), progesterone (53.3 mg/kg
      s.c.), spironolactone (26.7 mg/kg s.c.), spirorenone (13.3 mg/kg s.c.), 1,2
      dihydro-spirorenone (13.3 mg/kg s.c.), or 1,2 alpha-methylene-spirorenone (13.3
      mg/kg s.c.) exhibited significant anti-mineralocorticoid activity. Canrenone
      (53.3 mg/kg s.c.) slightly increased the urinary Na/K-ratio. This effect,
      however, was not significant. Gestodene, like spironolactone or progesterone, was
      devoid of aldosterone-like mineralocorticoid activity. With the exception of
      progesterone, the antimineralocorticoid activity of the steroids tested could
      also be demonstrated after oral administration. Based on the Na/K-ratio or the
      log (Na X 100)/K-ratio, the potency of each test compound relative to
      spironolactone was evaluated using regression analysis. The following results
      (average relative potency, spironolactone = 1.0) were obtained: gestodene:
      approximately 0.2; canrenone: approximately 0.3-0.35; spirorenone: approximately
      7-8; 1,2-dihydro-spirorenone: approximately 8; 1,2 alpha-methylene-spirorenone:
      approximately 3.5. Progesterone which was evaluated after s.c. injection
      exhibited an average relative potency of approximately 0.35. Due to these
      results, gestodene may be regarded as the first progestogen of the
      nortestosterone series exhibiting a more natural, progesterone-like profile of
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4039569
TI  - Effects of the new eburnamenine derivative RU 24722 on EEG recovery and cerebral
      energy metabolism after complete ischemia.
AB  - The influence of a new eburnamenine derivative RU 24722 [(3 beta, 14 alpha, 16
      alpha)-(+/-)-14,15-dihydro-20,21-dinoreburnamenin -14-ol] on post-ischemic EEG
      recovery was studied in N2O anesthetized rats subjected to 1 min of global
      compression cerebral ischemia. RU 24722 was compared with vincamine,
      dihydroergotoxine mesylate and nicergoline. Treatment with RU 24722 (2 mg/kg
      i.v.) significantly decreased the EEG recovery time and increased the
      electrocortical activity during the first phase of the post-ischemic recovery.
      Vincamine (2 mg/kg i.v.), dihydroergotoxine mesylate (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) and
      nicergoline (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) were devoid of activity. In an attempt to elucidate
      its mechanism of action, the influence of RU 24722 on changes in the cerebral
      metabolic energy reserves was studied in mouse brain after different periods of
      decapitation ischemia. The changes occurring during the first 10 s of ischemia
      were used to calculate the baseline cerebral metabolic rate (CMR). The activity
      of RU 24722 was compared with that of vincamine and pentobarbital. RU 24722 (10
      mg/kg i.p.) significantly retarded glucose, phosphocreatine and adenosine
      triphosphate utilisation and lactate production. Vincamine (10 mg/kg i.p.) had no
      effect on cerebral energy substrates. Pentobarbital (100 mg/kg i.p.) markedly
      increased the tissue concentration of glucose and phosphocreatine and decreased
      lactate levels before and after ischemia. The improvement of EEG recovery
      suggests that RU 24722 may be therapeutically effective in cerebral
      insufficiency, and the decreased brain energy demand may be one of the mechanisms
      by which RU 24722 has a protective effect against cerebral ischemic damage.

PMID- 4039570
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of 3H-pipethiaden after single oral and intravenous
      administration in rats.
AB  - Tritium labelled anti-migraine drug 4-(1-methyl-4-piperidyliden)-4,9
      dihydrothieno[2,3-c]-2-b enzothiepine (pipethiaden) was prepared. After oral and
      intravenous administration to rats not only the courses of total radioactivity in
      plasma and various organs were determined, but by means of TLC-radiometry also
      the levels of pipethiaden itself. After the oral dose 1.35 mg/kg the plasma
      levels of pipethiaden did not exceed 3.5 ng/ml. Some pharmacokinetic parameters
      (e.g. t1/2 el-4 h) were calculated by compartmental analysis of plasma levels.

PMID- 4039571
TI  - Bioavailability studies of etofibrate in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Etofibrate (Lipo-Merz) is a newer antilipaemic agent that contains the nicotinic
      and clofibric acid moieties joined together through a diester link with ethylene
      glycol. The bioavailability of these moieties in etofibrate was compared to that
      from equimolar amounts of these drugs administered alone to rhesus monkeys
      (clofibric acid 354 mg, nicotinic acid 203 mg). For this comparative purpose,
      analytical methods were chosen which converted etofibrate and its initial
      metabolites into clofibric and nicotinic acid. Following this treatment, the rate
      and extent of bioavailability of unchanged nicotinic acid from etofibrate was
      significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that from nicotinic acid alone. Mean
      peak whole blood levels of 11.9 micrograms/ml at 2.8 h and 35.3 micrograms/ml at
      1.3 h, respectively, occurred after administration of etofibrate and nicotinic
      acid alone. The extent of bioavailability of clofibric acid hydrolysed from
      etofibrate was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from that from
      clofibric acid alone. However, mean peak plasma levels of 127.3 micrograms/ml at
      3.6 h and 170.8 micrograms/ml at 2.4 h, respectively, occurred after
      administration of etofibrate and clofibric acid alone and were significantly
      different (P less than 0.01). The rates and extent of bioavailability of
      nicotinic acid or clofibric acid administered as a mixture were similar to that
      from these drugs administered alone. Thus either drug did not affect the
      absorption of the other in rhesus monkeys. The half-lives of nicotinic acid (in
      whole blood) and clofibric acid (in plasma) in rhesus monkeys when these drugs
      were administered alone were 9.9 h and 1.8 h, respectively.

PMID- 4039572
TI  - [Edema-protective effect of clobenoside].
AB  - Intravenous administration of etacrynic acid induces protein rich oedema in hind
      legs of chloralose anaesthesized cats. Clobenoside was able to prevent the
      development of this oedema if administered prior to oedema provocation either
      orally or intravenously. The degree of inhibition of oedema development was quite
      similar after oral and intravenous administration, respectively, thus the
      bioavailability of clobenoside should be good. The half-life of orally
      administered clobenoside is prolonged as even 24 h after a single oral
      administration the activity was considerably high. Clobenoside did not influence
      blood pressure nor heart rate and did not produce any direct vasoactive effects.

PMID- 4039573
TI  - [Effects of continuous body stress and methandienone on the degradation of
      myofibrillar proteins in the guinea pig heart and soleus muscle].
AB  - The influence of permanent physical stress (running training) and of the
      application of an anabole-androgenic steroid, 17-beta-hydroxy-17-methylandrosta
      1,4-dien-3-on (metandienone, Dianabol) on the degradation rate of myofibrillar
      proteins of heart and soleus of male guinea-pigs was investigated. The rate of
      protein degradation was measured by the time-dependent loss of radioactive
      proteins after labelling with 14C-leucine in vivo. The investigations led to the
      following results: We found no significant change of the body or muscle weights
      of any of the guinea-pig groups examined. Only the combination of physical stress
      with metandienone showed a significant increase of the myofibrillar protein
      concentration as well as an increase of the specific activity of the myofibrillar
      proteins of heart and soleus. These findings could be the result of a decreased
      degradation rate of the myofibrillar proteins. The myofibrillar proteins of the
      heart were higher labelled than the myofibrillar proteins of the soleus. The
      concentration of myofibrillar proteins was higher in the soleus than in the
      heart. The 14C-leucine activity of the free amino acid pool was significantly
      higher in the heart than in the soleus in the first minutes after labelling.

PMID- 4039574
TI  - Acute effects of nifedipine on patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.
AB  - The bronchodilatory effect of nifedipine (Adalat) and the change of arterial
      blood gas in 5 normal and 25 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
      (COLD) were investigated. 10 or 20 mg of nifedipine was orally administered.
      Before and 2 h after the administration, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR),
      arterial blood gas, respiratory resistance (Rrs) were measured and spirometry was
      assessed. Decrease of BP and increase of HR were observed in both normal and
      patient group. The patient group showed an increase of forced vital capacity
      (FVC) by 150 ml and forced expiratory volume (FEV 1.0) by 140 ml in average. In
      spite of the improvement of spirometry and Rrs, delta AaPO2 (alveolar arterial
      oxygen pressure difference) was increased in the patient group. It was
      considered, that the effect on the cardiovascular system was more remarkable than
      the bronchodilation, and the use of the drug alone as a bronchodilator may not be
      appropriate. It may be particularly effective in the cases with cardiovascular
      disease complicated with COLD.

PMID- 4039575
TI  - The effect of age on clinical pharmacokinetics of piracetam.
AB  - In this study the pharmacokinetics of 2-oxopyrrolidine-1-acetamide (piracetam,
      Nootrop), were studied in 10 geriatric patients with multiple diseases aged
      between 69 and 87 years. After intravenous administration of 6 g piracetam, the
      concentration of the drug in plasma was measured after 5, 10, 15 and 30 min as
      well as after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h. An analysis of laboratory
      diagnostic findings was carried out in parallel. The kinetic parameters were
      correlated with the laboratory diagnostic data and discussed together with the
      currently available results in the literature. The finding which seems to be of
      particular significance is that multimorbidity is a more important factor
      influencing the pharmacokinetics than age.

PMID- 4039576
TI  - Determination of compliance with riboflavin in an antidepressive therapy.
AB  - In a comprehensive study on the fate of amitriptyline (At, Laroxyl) in depressive
      patients, it was investigated whether their compliance could be controlled in
      analysing the concentration of riboflavin (vitamin B2) in urine. Therefore, they
      were medicated for 3 weeks with special tablets (Ro 4-1575/063) containing 150 mg
      At and 15 mg riboflavin. Different modalities or urine samplings were designed in
      order to establish the optimal conditions for testing compliance. Riboflavin,
      creatinine, At and nortriptyline were measured in urine, the tricyclic drugs also
      in plasma. The results show that compliance could be tested in analysing urine
      before and 4 h after the intake of the drug. However, this design was associated
      with a considerable subjective constraint for the patient.

PMID- 4039577
TI  - [The anti-inflammatory effect of a combination of dimethindene maleate and
      betamethasone in topical formulations].
AB  - The antiinflammatory activity of three preparations (cream, ointment, jelly) of
      Fenistil Plus (betamethasone + dimethindene maleate) was shown by means of
      reflection densitometry, a new pharmacodynamic model. The three preparations led
      to restitution of the Tesafilm-stripped skin within 4 h. There was no significant
      difference in the efficacy of the preparations. After application of 10 g of the
      ointment the plasma levels of betamethasone remained within the limits of
      identification of the analytical method. An influence of the drug on the
      endogenous plasma hydrocortisone (cortisol) levels could not be found.

PMID- 4039578
TI  - [Fluorodensitometric determination of cytostatic acting Michael-adducts of alpha,
      beta-unsaturated aldehydes in biologic material].
AB  - Alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes produce a selective cytostatic effect on tumor
      cells. By the formation of Michael adducts with cysteine, toxicity can be greatly
      reduced without impairing cytostatic effectiveness. To further enhance the
      selectivity of the toxic effect, it is necessary to be able to follow the agent's
      kinetics in the animal body. Among the analytic methods developed to this end,
      this paper represents the fluorescence derivatisation as a sensitive method for
      the determination of the Michael adducts of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes in
      pharmaceutical preparations and in biological material. It is based on the
      reaction of the carbonyl groups with dansyl hydrazine. Determination is carried
      out by a combination of thin-layer chromatography with subsequent
      fluorodensitometric evaluation. The detection limit in blood is about 20
      micrograms/ml. The relative standard deviation of this procedure ranges between 3
      and 7%.

PMID- 4039580
TI  - [What can modern genetic methods contribute to clarifying the pathogenicity
      mechanisms of microorganisms?].

PMID- 4039579
TI  - [The red thread: oncogenes and their convergence in cancer research].

PMID- 4039581
TI  - [Problems of multiple tests and evaluations in drug research].
AB  - The well known inferential statistical procedures only take into account the test
      of a single hypothesis or the estimation of a single parameter. In practical drug
      research the scientist in most cases is interested in multiple tests of several
      hypotheses or a simultaneous estimation of several parameters. After introducing
      the principal problems of simultaneous statistical inference several statistical
      methods are discussed. These methods can be applied to a variety of problems in
      drug research.

PMID- 4039582
TI  - [The role of significant tests in drug research. A comment on the work of Forst,
      "Problems of multiple tests and evaluations in drug research"].

PMID- 4039583
TI  - Synthesis, metabolism, and disposition of the antiinflammatory 3-[2-(4
      methylphenyl)-thioethyl]-sydnone-5-14C in the rat.
AB  - The synthesis, as well as the in vivo and in vitro disposition, of 3-[2-(4
      methylphenyl)thioethyl]-sydnone-5-14C (5) in the rat is described. After
      intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 5 in female Sprague-Dawley rats,
      the distribution and excretion of radioactive substances was monitored (24 h).
      Radioactivity in the blood declined in a biphasic manner with half-lives of 0.55
      and 15.2 h for the alpha- and beta-phase, respectively. About 8% of the
      administered radioactivity was detected in feces and approximately 90% in urine
      (24 h). In 3.75 h, 50% of the radio-dose was excreted in the urine. Tissue
      distribution studies demonstrated a selective uptake of radioactivity only by the
      adrenal glands and the ovaries. The radioactivity in these organs reached a
      maximum approximately 1 h after dosing and then declined rapidly. None of the
      parent drug was excreted from such a single dose (i.p. injection) which indicated
      rapid in vivo metabolism. Nor could there be found any metabolites related to the
      whole structure, for example, the sulfoxide or aromatic hydroxy compounds. The
      sydnone 5, its sulfoxide and unconjugated metabolites were detected and
      quantitated by GC/MS methodology using unlabelled authentic samples. Radioactive
      carbon dioxide was not detected during the in vivo or in vitro experiments, nor
      was it released from alkaline urine samples upon acidification. Radiolabelled
      urinary metabolites were glycolic acid-1-14C 9 (34%), its glycine conjugate 10
      (52%) and 3-vinylsydnone-5-14C 11 (4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039584
TI  - Comparison of the effects of nifedipine on ureter and coronary artery isolated
      from the dog.
AB  - The effect of nifedipine (Adalat) on isolated dog ureter was compared with that
      on isolated coronary artery. Nifedipine at a concentration of 10(-8) mol/l
      significantly decreased the frequency of ureteral rhythmic contractions evoked by
      potassium, and suppressed the force of these contractions at a concentration of 3
      X 10(-8) mol/l. In potassium-contracted coronary artery strips, nifedipine at
      concentrations more than 3 X 10(-9) mol/l produced significant relaxations in a
      concentration-dependent manner. The results indicate that nifedipine is able to
      act inhibitorily on ureteral contractions, and inhibition of pace making
      activities in ureteral smooth muscle was suggested as a mode of action of
      nifedipine.

PMID- 4039585
TI  - [Autoradiographic studies of the distribution of 14C-endralazine in the mouse].
AB  - In a macroautoradiographic study in pregnant and nonpregnant mice the
      distribution pattern of 14C-Endralazine (6-Benzoyl-3-hydrazino-5,6,7,8
      tetrahydropyrido(4,3-c)-pyridazine- mesilate), a new direct vasodilator drug, was
      investigated, since earlier studies with minoxidil and hydralazine had shown
      apparent discrepancies between the relatively short elimination-half-life and the
      long pharmacological effect of the drugs. After a single oral administration of 5
      mg/kg 14C-endralazine the initial high amounts of radioactivity in the gastro
      intestinal tract, the kidneys and the liver continuously decreased in the course
      of the 2nd to the 8th hour after application. 24 h after administration the drug
      was nearly completely eliminated from these organs except the liver. A remarkably
      high and persistent affinity of 14C-radioactivity to the blood vessel walls was
      found even 48 h after application which could explain the long acting
      pharmacological response to the drug. Only low levels of radioactivity were
      registrated in the fetus of pregnant mice.

PMID- 4039586
TI  - On the mechanism of bronchodilatation by etafedrine.
AB  - Effects of (-)-N-ethylephedrine (etafedrine) were studied on the tracheal chain
      preparation and the atria of the guinea pig and on the rabbit perfused heart.
      Contraction of the tracheal chain by acetylcholine or histamine was antagonized
      by epinephrine (adrenaline), etafedrine and ephedrine, the relative potencies
      being 91:1:0.3, respectively. Propranolol (5 X 10(-7) mol/l) completely
      antagonized the bronchodilator effect of 10(-4) mol/l etafedrine on the
      acetylcholine-evoked contraction. Etafedrine up to 3 X 10(-4) mol/l did not
      increase heart rate or force of contraction in guinea pig atria. In contrast to
      tyramine and ephedrine (both 10(-5) mol/l), etafedrine (10(-4) mol/l) failed to
      release 3H-norepinephrine (noradrenaline) in the perfused rabbit heart. Moreover,
      the concentration-dependent positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of
      norepinephrine in isolated atria were slightly, but not significantly enhanced by
      etafedrine. It is concluded that N-ethylation of ephedrine suppresses the
      indirect sympathomimetic activity and markedly enhances the efficacy on beta 2
      adrenoceptors. Etafedrine appears to be a sympathomimetic agent with a selective
      activity on beta 2-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 4039587
TI  - The in vivo fate of topically applied dithranol in the skin of the hairless rat.
      A comparison of continuous and short contact application.
AB  - The fate in vivo of topically applied 1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone (dithranol,
      anthralin) was investigated in the skin of the hairless rat, using a specially
      designed drug delivery system (film). The film was applied on intact skin as well
      as on skin with an impaired barrier function (stripped skin). The distribution of
      the drug was examined either after continuous application or at selected times
      after short contact periods. The exposed skin was extracted with diisopropylether
      and free dithranol, its dimer and quinone assayed by quantitative HPLC analysis.
      The incorporation of trace amounts of 3H-dithranol and 14C-dithranol in the
      vehicle made it possible to quantify the fraction of penetrated drug which was
      insoluble in ether. With continuous application to intact skin (up to 24 h),
      extractable dithranol rapidly reached a plateau level (15 min) and was
      concentrated in the stratum corneum. Substantial dimer formation occurred in both
      normal and stripped skin. Ether insoluble material rapidly predominated over
      soluble material, especially when the stratum corneum was absent. However, on
      short contact application (0.5-1 h), ether soluble material (dithranol in the
      stratum corneum) was quantitatively predominant in the intact skin. Removal of
      the vehicle after a short contact time resulted in the disappearance of dithranol
      from the skin (normal and stripped). In intact skin, the drug was converted into
      ether insoluble material. In the stripped skin, this insoluble fraction remained
      constant over the duration of the experiment (24 h).

PMID- 4039589
TI  - Metabolism of benzydamine.
AB  - After an oral dose of 50 mg benzydamine to three volunteers, urinary metabolites
      were identified by mass spectrometric techniques. 50-65% of the dose was excreted
      unchanged with the urine. The main metabolic pathways were elimination of the
      dimethylaminopropyl group, elimination of the benzyl group, desmethylation, N
      oxidation, and hydroxylation of the benzene ring. Didesmethylbenzydamine and
      hydroxybenzydamine were excreted in form of their corresponding glucuronides.

PMID- 4039588
TI  - [Comparative studies on the tolerance of bioequivalent doses of intravenous
      methylxanthine preparations in healthy subjects].
AB  - In a comparative tolerance study with two different intravenous methylxanthine
      preparations, a theophylline-ethylendiamine preparation (TE-reference
      preparation) was tested against a combination of theophylline, proxyphylline (7
      (2-hydroxypropyl)-theophylline) and diprophylline (7-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)
      theophylline) (Neobiphyllin; TPD = test preparation) in 10 healthy volunteers by
      a single blind cross-over design. Both preparations were infused under continuous
      control of vital parameters (blood pressure, pulse, respiration frequency, heart
      rhythm) as infusions (1 ampoule with 800 mg TPD or 1 short-infusion with 480 mg
      of TE for 20 min, each) up to the individual tolerance limit or the pre-defined
      limit of 3 ampoules/short infusions, respectively. The maximum tolerated infusion
      time and the serum levels at which the first side-effects appeared, were
      compared. These maximum doses could be administered to 6 volunteers under TPD,
      but only to two under medication with the reference preparation. Side-effects
      under TPD occurred in 5, after infusion of the reference preparation in 9
      volunteers. Serum levels of theophylline at the end of the infusion period
      reached (14.6 +/- 4.21 (TPD) and 23.01 +/- 6.02 mg/l (TE), respectively. The
      average infusion time for the test preparation was 54.8, for the reference
      preparation 46.2 min. The average serum theophylline levels of the 5 volunteers
      with side-effects under TPD reached--when these side-effects occurred --11.26 +/-
      4.52 mg/l; the same volunteers showed after administration of TE levels of 14.94
      +/- 7.49 mg/l. Our results showed an approx. additive effect of the side-effects
      together with an--according to literature--over-additive pharmacological effect
      of the single components of TPD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039590
TI  - A new slow-release form of 5-aminosalicylic acid for the oral treatment of
      inflammatory bowel disease. Biopharmaceutic and clinical pharmacokinetic
      characteristics.
AB  - A new enteric coated form of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-AS, Salofalk) for the
      treatment of inflammatory bowel disease was developed. In 11 hospitalized
      patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis the steady-state
      pharmacokinetics of 5-AS and its major metabolite, N-acetyl-5-AS (Ac-5-AS), was
      investigated. During treatment with 0.5 g 5-AS tid elimination half-life (t 1/2)
      ranged from 0.7 to 2.4 h (1.4 +/- 0.6 h, mean +/- SD; n = 6) and mean steady
      state plasma levels (Css) of 5-AS and Ac-5-AS averaged 0.7 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml
      and 1.2 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml, respectively. Treatment with the smaller dose of
      0.25 g 5-AS tid (n = 5) resulted in a shorter t 1/2 (0.6 +/- 0.2 h), lower Css
      for 5-AS (0.4 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml) and Ac-5-AS (1.0 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml).
      Urinary and fecal recovery of total 5-AS was calculated to 44 +/- 21% and 35 +/-
      10%, respectively. Both compounds were slightly bound to plasma proteins (5-AS:
      43%, Ac-5-AS: 78%). In conclusion, the present data would suggest that the new
      oral dosage form delivers sufficient amounts of therapeutically active 5-AS for
      local and systemic action in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 4039591
TI  - [The pharmacokinetics of josamycin].
AB  - Determination of the distribution coefficients in vitro demonstrates that
      josamycin (Wilprafen) is at least 15 times more lipophilic than erythromycin. On
      the other hand the distribution coefficients of penicillin G and of amoxicillin
      be in the hydrophilic range. The serum protein binding of josamycin is 15%, which
      is markedly less than with the other macrolides. These in vitro experiments show
      that small structural differences can alter the physicochemical and biological
      behaviour of an antibiotic, even when the molecules are closely related. A cross
      over experiment with 12 volunteers and multiple application of 1 g of josamycin
      base or 1.175 g of erythromycin ethyl succinate showed that both macrolides are
      rapidly absorbed and reach their maximum within the first hour. In 21 patients
      the concentration of josamycin in lung tissue was 2 to 3 times that in the blood.
      The highest concentration of josamycin reached was 3.68 micrograms/g lung tissue
      (mean of 12 patients) and this was found for the group of patients from whom the
      tissue samples had been taken 2-3 h after the last administration of the drug.
      Lower mean concentrations of erythromycin were found in the serum and lung tissue
      of a similar group of 31 patients. The results indicate that the new macrolide
      antibiotic josamycin accumulates well in lung tissue and that the concentrations
      necessary for the treatment of infections (minimal inhibitory concentrations
      [MIC]) are rapidly reached also in the tissue.

PMID- 4039592
TI  - Studies on the pharmacokinetics of fluorescein and its dilaurate ester under the
      conditions of the fluorescein dilaurate test.
AB  - Some aspects of the pharmacokinetics of fluorescein have been studied under the
      conditions of the fluorescein dilaurate test (Pancreolauryl-Test) in healthy
      volunteers. Dependence of fluorescein excretion on urine volume was investigated
      in a retrospective study in 370 patients. For intravenously administered
      fluorescein mean Cmax was 10.9 micrograms/ml with a mean elimination half-life of
      286 min. For orally administered fluorescein sodium mean Cmax was 3.5
      micrograms/ml with a tmax of 120 min and a t 1/2 of 267 min. Bioavailability of
      fluorescein by oral administration was 99%. By contrast, fluorescein from
      fluorescein dilaurate showed a 56% bioavailability under the conditions of the
      test with a Cmax of 1.8 micrograms/ml, a tmax of 270 min and a tt 1/2 of 246 min.
      Following enteral absorption of fluorescein hepatic extraction and enterohepatic
      circulation via the bile occurs, but although the concentrations of fluorescein
      in the bile may exceed those in the urine the absolute amount is likely to be
      small. In spite of the enterohepatic circulation fluorescein cleared from the
      urine within 24 h indicating that no delay between Part 1 and Part 2 of the test
      seems necessary. However, an adequate urine flow must be maintained throughout
      the test since a renal clearance/urine flow relationship exists, with fluorescein
      excretion being increased with increasing urine volume.

PMID- 4039593
TI  - Soybean protein diets in the management of type II hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - The efficacy of soybean protein treatment of stable type II hyperlipoproteinaemia
      was evaluated in 57 patients assigned to the following protocols: (i)
      substitution of animal protein with soybean protein (19 subjects) and (ii)
      addition of soybean protein to a standard low-lipid diet (38 subjects). After 16
      weeks of treatment, plasma cholesterol was reduced by 29.5% in the first group,
      and by 29.9% in the second; the difference was not significant. Similarly the
      reduction in LDL cholesterol was not significantly different between the 2 groups
      (39% in the first group and 36% in the second). Plasma triglycerides fell by
      11.8% and 18.2%, respectively. HDL cholesterol was not modified to any
      significant extent by soybean protein regimens. These results provide that the
      addition of soybean protein to a standard low-lipid diet is effective in inducing
      a significant cholesterol decrease in patients with type II
      hyperlipoproteinaemia.

PMID- 4039594
TI  - Headache in an elderly woman.

PMID- 4039595
TI  - Longitudinal brainstem axons mediating circling: behavioral measurement of
      conduction velocity distributions.
AB  - Current applied near the midline brainstem elicits rapid ipsiversive circling.
      Pontine and midbrain sites were stimulated concurrently with paired pulses and
      the number of pulse pairs required to produce 3 complete circles in 10 s was
      measured at various intrapair (C-T) intervals. The same results were obtained
      when C pulses were presented via the midbrain electrode and T pulses via the
      pontine electrode, or vice versa: as C-T interval increased from 0.4 to 2.0 ms,
      the number of pulse pairs required decreased gradually. These decreases occurred
      at longer C-T intervals than the refractory period decreases observed in single
      electrode tests. These results imply that collision occurred in the directly
      stimulated axons and that a longitudinal bundle of uninterrupted axons mediates
      the circling behavior. The sites from which collision was obtained overlap with
      both medial longitudinal fasciculus and crossed tectobulbar and tectospinal
      tracts. The axons mediating circling appear to have conduction velocities from 2
      to roughly 20 m/s. By comparison, superior colliculus units antidromically driven
      from contralateral electrode sites that produce circling had conduction
      velocities from 0.7 to 40 m/s.

PMID- 4039596
TI  - [Plasma levels of vitamin A and its protein vectors (RBP and PA), carotene, total
      cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in healthy adults of the female sex].
AB  - Plasma vitamin A, carotenoids, retinol binding protein (RBP), prealbumin (PA),
      HDL-and total cholesterol were examined in healthy adult females. Plasma levels
      of vitamin A and carotene were determined by a spectrophotometric method using
      trifluoroacetic acid, plasma RBP and PA by single radial immunodiffusion, and HDL
      and total cholesterol by enzymatic colorimetry. Vitamin A and carotene mean
      values resulted as 43.0 +/- 8.2 micrograms/100 ml and 231.9 +/- 69.0
      micrograms/100 ml, respectively. RBP and PA values averaged as 4.2 +/- 1.1 mg/100
      ml and 29.4 +/- 6.1 mg/100 ml, respectively; whereas HDL-and total cholesterol
      were 179 +/- 16 mg/100 ml and 57 +/- 8 mg/100 ml. Vitamin A plasma levels were
      shown to be significantly related (P less than 0.01) to RBP and PA, but not to
      the other parameters examined (carotene, HDL-and total cholesterol).

PMID- 4039597
TI  - [Plasma levels of vitamin A and its protein vectors (RBP and PA), carotene, total
      cholesterol and cholesterol-HDL in patients with dysplasia of the uterine
      cervix].
AB  - In this study plasma levels of vitamin A, carotenoids, retinol binding protein
      (RBP), prealbumin (PA), HDL-and total cholesterol were determined in 19 female
      subjects with cervical dysplasia and compared to those of the healthy female
      subjects described in our previous research. Plasma levels of vitamin A and
      carotene were determined by a spectrophotometric method using trifluoroacetic
      acid, plasma RBP and PA by single radial immunodiffusion and HDL- and total
      cholesterol by enzymatic colorimetry. Plasma mean values of vitamin A and HDL
      cholesterol were lower (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively) than
      in the control group. On the contrary total cholesterol was higher (P less than
      0.01) in the patients than in the control group. Vitamin A plasma levels were
      significantly related (P less than 0.01) to RBP and PA. No significant
      statistical correlation was found between the severity of the dysplasia and
      vitamin A plasma levels.

PMID- 4039598
TI  - [Plasma levels of vitamin A and its protein vectors (RBP and PA), carotene, total
      cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in patients with carcinoma of the cervix].
AB  - In this study plasma levels of vitamin A, carotenoids, retinol binding protein
      (RBP), prealbumin (PA), HDL-and total cholesterol of 40 subjects with carcinoma
      of cervix uteri were determined and compared to those of the healthy female
      subjects described in our previous research. Plasma levels of vitamin A and
      carotene were determined by a spectrophotometric method using trifluoroacetic
      acid, plasma RBP and PA by single radial immunodiffusion, and HDL-and total
      cholesterol by enzymatic colorimetry. Plasma mean values of carotene, vitamin A,
      RBP and HDL-cholesterol were lower (P less than 0.01) than in the control group,
      and the same applies to the PA mean plasma level (P less than 0.05). On the
      contrary, total cholesterol mean value of the patients resulted to be higher (P
      less than 0.01) than in the control group. Vitamin A plasma levels were
      significantly related (P less than 0.01) to RBP and PA. No significant
      statistical correlation was found between the clinical stage and the histological
      grading and vitamin A plasma levels.

PMID- 4039600
TI  - Aztreonam in human serum and breast milk.
AB  - Serum and milk concentrations of aztreonam were studied in 12 lactating, healthy
      subjects over the 8 h period after the administration of a single intramuscular
      or intravenous 1 g dose. Milk concentrations of aztreonam were found to be much
      lower than serum concentrations at all time points after both routes of
      injection. Peak milk concentrations of aztreonam averaged less than 1% of peak
      serum concentrations. Times to peak concentrations averaged 6 and 10 times longer
      in milk than in serum after intramuscular and intravenous injections,
      respectively. The low milk levels, as well as the previously determined poor oral
      absorption of aztreonam, suggest a low risk of untoward effects in the nursing
      infant.

PMID- 4039599
TI  - Tinidazole milk excretion and pharmacokinetics in lactating women.
AB  - Five women undergoing acute Caesarean section were given an i.v. dose of 1600 mg
      tinidazole preoperatively as prophylaxis against anaerobic infection. Blood and
      breast milk samples were collected at 8 and 4 h intervals, respectively, for 120
      h. Tinidazole concentrations were measured by means of high performance liquid
      chromatography (h.p.l.c). The concentration of tinidazole in breast milk was
      highly related to the concentration in serum (r = 0.969). Tinidazole
      concentrations in serum declined monoexponentially with an average half-life of
      11.4 h (range 8.7-13.1). The milk/serum concentration ratio varied between 0.62
      and 1.39. Seventy-two hours after the Caesarean section the milk concentration
      exceeded 0.5 microgram/ml in only one woman. It may be calculated that at this
      time the maximum daily dose to the infant would be 0.1 mg/kg body weight
      (assuming 3.5 kg body weight and 400 ml milk consumed). We conclude that until
      tinidazole has been proven harmless to the neonate breast feeding following i.v.
      administration of 1600 mg should not be initiated earlier than 72 h after the
      dose.

PMID- 4039601
TI  - Retinal function of the diabetic retina after argon laser photocoagulation
      assessed electroretinographically.
AB  - Electroretinographic (ERG) responses were measured in diabetic patients before,
      during, and after panretinal photocoagulation treatment with argon laser. The
      laser applications reduced considerably the amplitudes of the a and b waves of
      the ERG. Moreover, the relationship between the amplitude of the b wave and that
      of the a wave was severely affected, resulting in ERG responses of abnormal
      pattern. The b waves were smaller than expected from the a waves. These findings
      indicated that the photocoagulation treatment not only destroyed the retinal
      areas directly illuminated by the laser beam, but also affected the functional
      integrity of adjacent areas. These additional effects resulted in subnormal
      signal transmission from the photoreceptors to the proximal retina.

PMID- 4039602
TI  - Biodehalogenation: reactions of cytochrome P-450 with polyhalomethanes.
AB  - The products, stoichiometry, and kinetics of the oxidation of the enzyme
      cytochrome P-450 cam by five polyhalomethanes and chloronitromethane are
      described. The reactivity of the enzyme is compared with that of deuteroheme and
      with the enzyme in its native cell, Pseudomonas putida (PpG-786). In all cases,
      the reaction entails hydrogenolysis of the carbon-halogen bond: 2FeIIP + RCXn---
      2FeIIIP + RCHXn-1 (P = porphyrin or P-450 cam in vitro and in vivo).
      Trichloronitromethane was the fastest reacting substrate, and chloroform was the
      slowest. The results establish that P. putida is a valid whole cell model for the
      reductase activity of the P-450 complement in these reactions. The reactions of
      cytochrome P-450 with polyhaloalkanes proceed in a manner quite analogous to
      other iron(II) proteins in the G conformation. The chemistry observed for the
      enzyme parallels that of its iron(II) porphyrin active site. Iron-bonded carbenes
      are not intermediates, and hydrolytically stable iron alkyls are not products of
      these reactions.

PMID- 4039603
TI  - Adducts of the antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) with DNA:
      formation, identification, and quantitation.
AB  - Salmon sperm DNA, treated with the antitumor agent cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP), was enzymatically degraded to
      (oligo)nucleotides. Four Pt-containing products were identified by 1H NMR after
      preparative chromatography on a diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel column at pH 8.8. In
      all identified adducts, comprising approximately 90% of the total Pt in the DNA,
      Pt was linked to the N7 atoms of the nucleobases guanine and adenine. The two
      major adducts were cis-Pt(NH3)2d(pGpG) and cis-Pt-(NH3)2d(pApG), both derived
      from intrastrand cross-links of cis-DDP on neighboring nucleobases. Only the
      d(pApG) but not the d(pGpA) adduct could be detected. Two minor adducts were
      Pt(NH3)3dGMP, resulting from monofunctionally bound cis-DDP to guanine, and cis
      Pt(NH3)2d(GMP)2, originating from interstrand cross-links on two guanines as well
      as from intrastrand cross-links on two guanines separated by one or more bases.
      For analytical purposes we developed an improved method to determine cis-DDP
      adducts. Routinely, 40-micrograms samples of enzymatically degraded cis-DDP
      treated DNA are now analyzed by separation of the mononucleotides and Pt
      containing (oligo)nucleotides on the anion-exchange column Mono Q (FPLC) at pH
      8.8 (completed within 14 min) and subsequent determination of the Pt content in
      the collected fractions by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method was used to
      optimize the digestion conditions for cis-DDP-treated DNA. In kinetic studies on
      the formation of the various adducts, a clear preference of the Pt compound to
      react with guanines occurring in the base sequence d(pGpG) was established.

PMID- 4039604
TI  - Isolation and characterization of monkey interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding
      protein, a unique extracellular matrix component of the retina.
AB  - The interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) has been isolated from
      monkey interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). Following gentle washing of the IPM from
      the retinal surface, the protein was purified to homogeneity by concanavalin A
      Sepharose affinity chromatography, ion-exchange high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC), and size-exclusion HPLC. Bovine IRBP was purified
      similarly and compared with the monkey protein. Sedimentation equilibrium
      analysis yielded a molecular weight of 106 000 +/- 2900 for the native monkey
      protein. Sedimentation velocity analysis gave a sedimentation coefficient of 5.4
      +/- 0.3 S and a frictional ratio of 1.59, indicating an asymmetrical molecular
      shape. IRBP contains neutral sugar, including fucose, and sialic acid; the
      glycoprotein nature of the proteins probably accounts for the microheterogeneity
      observed in the electrofocusing pattern of both bovine and monkey IRBP. Both
      IRBPs have isoelectric points between 6.0 and 7.0. The fluorescence emission
      lambda max of the bound ligand was 470 nm with excitation at 340 nm, while the
      excitation lambda max was 333 nm with emission at 470 nm, for monkey IRBP
      incubated with exogenous all-trans-retinol. The amino acid compositions of the
      monkey and bovine proteins are similar; nonpolar amino acids account for over 50%
      of the residues, which may explain the apparent hydrophobic nature of the
      isolated proteins. The amino-terminal analyses indicated considerable homology
      between the monkey and bovine IRBPs in this region and verified the purity of the
      isolated proteins. IRBP thus appears to be a unique, conserved glycoprotein of
      the retinal extracellular matrix that could serve as a retinoid-transport
      vehicle.

PMID- 4039606
TI  - Influence of cholesterol and prostaglandin E1 on the molecular organization of
      phospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane. A fluorescent polarization study with
      lipid-specific probes.
AB  - Anthryl-labeled fluorescent probes closely mimicking phosphatidylcholine and
      sphingomyelin were applied to study the state of these phospholipids in the
      rabbit erythrocyte membrane. At normal cholesterol levels both probes exhibited
      higher fluorescence polarization values in the membranes than in phospholipid
      vesicles of similar lipid composition, indicating a decreased fluidity of the
      probe environment in erythrocyte ghosts. In ghosts prepared from normal
      erythrocytes no evidence of lateral separation of phosphatidylcholine and
      sphingomyelin was found. At higher cholesterol levels, however, these lipids
      appear to segregate. Probably the effect of cholesterol on the erythrocyte
      membrane lipids involves lipid-protein interactions. At physiological
      concentrations, prostaglandin E1 only weakly affects the state of
      phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in erythrocyte membranes. Cholesterol
      enrichment amplifies the effect of prostaglandin E1. Although the prostaglandin
      E1-induced changes depended much upon whether the ghosts were enriched with
      cholesterol in vitro or in vivo, with both types of ghosts effects of
      prostaglandin E1 were seen at extremely low effector concentrations that may have
      presented a few molecules of prostaglandin per ghost. The structural and
      functional significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 4039605
TI  - One-step immunoaffinity purification of active progesterone receptor. Further
      evidence in favor of the existence of a single steroid binding subunit.
AB  - A very high capacity immunoaffinity matrix for the purification of progesterone
      receptor was prepared by cross-linking a monoclonal antireceptor antibody to
      protein A-Sepharose through the Fc fragment. The monoclonal antibody was selected
      for its property of losing affinity for the receptor at pH 10.5, i.e., in
      conditions where the receptor remains stable for extensive periods of time. This
      made it possible to elute active receptor form the immunosorbent. From crude
      rabbit uterine cytosol the steroid-receptor complexes were purified in a single
      step. A 1-mL column (containing 7 mg of monoclonal antibody) bound 1600 pmol of
      steroid-receptor complexes of which 79.5% were eluted. The overall yield of
      purification was 49%. The specific activity of the purified steroid-receptor
      complexes was 6.71 +/- 0.79 nmol of bound steroid/mg of protein (mean +/- SE of
      four experiments). The purified receptor consisted of a mixture of 110 000- and
      79 000-dalton forms. The latter appeared to be produced by proteolysis of the
      larger form during purification since immunoblot experiments showed that, at the
      start of purification, the 110 000-dalton form was present in overwhelming
      majority (80-95%) in the uterine cytosol and that the 79 000-dalton form only
      appeared during purification. This conclusion was also supported by the peptide
      analysis of both forms of receptor: the purified receptor was denatured and
      labeled with 125I; the 110 000- and 79 000-dalton forms were isolated by gel
      electrophoresis in denaturing conditions and electroelution and were then
      submitted to mild or extensive digestions by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and protease
      V8 from Staphylococcus aureus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039607
TI  - The quantitative determination of metabolites of 6-mercaptopurine in biological
      materials. VI. Evidence for posttranscriptional modification of 6-thioguanosine
      residues in RNA from L5178Y cells treated with 6-mercaptopurine.
AB  - Mammalian cells incorporate 6-thioguanosine into their nucleic acids when grown
      in the presence of 6-mercaptopurine. 35S-labeled total RNA was prepared from
      L5178Y murine lymphoma cells grown in vitro in the presence of 6
      [35S]mercaptopurine. Base analyses of this RNA suggested that 6-thioguanosine
      residues in RNA molecules undergo posttranscriptional modification. Thus,
      enzymatic peak-shifting analyses using anion-exchange high-performance liquid
      chromatography were applied to the hydrolysis products released from total RNA
      preparations by digestion with nuclease P1 or nuclease P1 plus nucleotide
      pyrophosphatase. At least eight 35S-labeled, phosphatase-sensitive compounds
      structurally different from [35S]6thioGMP were found in nuclease P1 digests. Four
      of these compounds were susceptible to cleavage with nucleotide pyrophosphatase,
      thus indicating that they contained phosphoric acid anhydride bonds. Individual
      RNA species were not separately examined, the radiochromatographic data, however,
      which were obtained from digests of total RNA preparations, present evidence that
      6-thioguanosine 5'-diphosphate and 6-thioguanosine 5'-triphosphate exist as 5'
      terminal starting nucleotides (in tRNA and rRNA) and that 6-thioguanosine becomes
      incorporated into the highly modified dinucleoside triphosphate structures (caps)
      which commonly block the 5'-termini of eukaryotic poly(A)+ mRNA-molecules.

PMID- 4039608
TI  - Phospholipid fatty acids in brains of normal sheep and sheep with ceroid
      lipofuscinosis.
AB  - The ceroid-lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited diseases of humans and animals
      characterised by brain atrophy and the storage of a fluorescent lipopigment.
      Brain grey matter phospholipid fatty acids of diseased sheep are compared with
      those of normal sheep. Phosphatidylethanolamine of diseased sheep contains more
      18:1(n-9) and less 22:6(n-3) than normal and their phosphatidylcholine less 16:0.
      Other differences are minor. All differences are in the same direction as those
      reported for the infantile form of human ceroid-lipofuscinosis, but are smaller.
      Normal sheep grey matter phosphatidylinositol contains 8.5% 20:4(n-6) and 24.6%
      22:6(n-3), in contrast to 28.5 and 4.6%, respectively, in humans. The other sheep
      phospholipids have similar fatty acid profiles to those from humans. Apart from
      low levels of 20:3(n-9) and 22:3(n-9) they contain no additional non-essential
      fatty acid derived species. No sign of essential fatty acid deficiency occurs in
      either diseased or normal sheep. It is concluded that sheep must conserve their
      restricted essential fatty acid supply for structural functions, and that an
      abnormality in fatty acid metabolism is not primarily involved in the
      pathogenesis of ceroid-lipofuscinosis. The results also call into question the
      primary role of peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipopigment
      formation in this disease.

PMID- 4039609
TI  - Study of the luteinizing hormone-induced increase of ovarian blood flow during
      the estrous cycle in the rat.
AB  - CYF rats were anesthetized on various days of the 4-day cycle and blood samples
      were collected at 5-min interals from the ovarian vein before and after i.v.
      administration of 5 micrograms/100 g BW of luteinizing hormone (LH). Ovarian
      venous outflow, blood pressure and hematocrit were continuously recorded, and
      from the blood samples progesterone (P) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were
      determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Ovarian blood flow and P secretion showed a
      parallel increase on Day 1 (estrus), on Day 2, and on the afternoon of Day 4
      (proestrous). LH increased ovarian blood flow each day of the cycle together with
      P and E2 secretion; however, no relationship was seen between the initial value
      of hormone secretion and the LH-induced increase of ovarian blood flow.
      Inhibition of hormone secretion by cycloheximide prevented the LH-induced
      increase of ovarian blood flow; moreover, a decrease in ovarian blood flow
      parallel with the diminution of hormone secretion was observed. Indomethacin
      pretreatment abolished the hyperemic effect of LH and partially inhibited the LH
      induced increase of hormone secretion. Propranolol blocked the LH-induced
      increase of ovarian blood flow and blunted the effect of LH on hormone secretion.
      It was concluded that in LH-induced hyperemia, cAMP, prostaglandins and other
      vasoactive metabolites released during the process of hormone synthesis, and also
      a beta-adrenergic mechanism, are involved in the regulation of ovarian blood
      flow.

PMID- 4039610
TI  - Effect of dietary restriction on estrous cyclicity and follicular reserves in
      aging C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - Restricting the food intake of female mice by alternating days of feeding and
      fasting delayed the age-related loss of estrous cycling potential and retarded
      the rate of follicular depletion, as determined after reinstatement of ad libitum
      (AL) feeding. During the period of food restriction (FR; 3.5-10.5 mo), food
      intake and body weight were about 80% of AL values. Mice were acyclic and
      predominantly in a state of diestrus during FR, but after reinstatement of an AL
      diet at 10.5 mo all FR mice resumed cycling regularly. By contrast, 80% of AL
      controls had become acyclic by this age, and the cycles of the remaining mice
      were significantly longer than those of the reinstated FR mice. Follicular
      reserves of 12.5-mo-old FR mice were twice those of age-matched AL controls.
      Cycling performance of reinstated FR mice, measured by cycle length and the
      proportion of mice still cycling, was equivalent to that of AL mice when the
      latter were 2-5 mo younger. Ovarian age, measured by the size of the follicular
      reserve, was similarly retarded in FR mice. Based on these data and previous
      evidence that follicular depletion plays a major role in the cessation of
      cyclicity in this strain, we hypothesize that the delayed loss of estrous
      cyclicity in aging FR mice is mediated at least in part by the retarding effect
      of dietary restriction on the rate of follicular depletion.

PMID- 4039611
TI  - Enhanced plasminogen-activator production by leukocytes in the human and murine
      Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
AB  - We have studied the coagulation status of eight patients with the Chediak-Higashi
      syndrome (CHS), both in the chronic and the accelerated phase of the disease. It
      has been shown that during the accelerated phase there are coagulation
      abnormalities. These abnormalities include a peripheral thrombocytopenia, minor
      alterations of liver clotting factors, and mainly a profound hypofibrinogenemia
      and hypoplasminogenemia, which cause life-threatening bleedings. These disorders
      are of complex origin, but a fibrinolytic process, possibly primary, appears to
      play a significant role, since the present evidence for intravascular coagulation
      is not definitive. The accelerated phase of the CHS is characterized by a
      visceral infiltration by macrophages and lymphocytes. Therefore, we have
      investigated the possible role of the macrophages in the fibrinolytic process. We
      have found an excessive plasminogen activator (PA) production by CHS mononuclear
      cells in the accelerated phase and to a lesser extent in the chronic phase,
      except in one patient in whom no anomaly was found. Single-cell studies revealed
      an increased number of PA-producing cells among the monocyte-macrophage lineage
      rather than a higher level of production per cell. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN)
      from patients with CHS were also shown to contain more PA. Slight but significant
      abnormalities in PA production were observed in obligatory heterozygotes (five
      out of nine), indicating the inherited nature of the excessive PA production.
      Finally, an enhanced PA production was similarly demonstrated using beige mice
      macrophages. The exacerbated production of PA by macrophages in the accelerated
      phase of the CHS can account to some extent for the coagulation abnormalities
      that have been observed.

PMID- 4039612
TI  - The lipid composition of bovine sebum and dermis.

PMID- 4039613
TI  - Artificial infection of ticks with Theileria annulata.

PMID- 4039614
TI  - Protozoal diseases of camels.

PMID- 4039615
TI  - Dose effects of naloxone on fixed morphine dependence: simultaneous behavioral
      and 2-deoxyglucose study in the rat.
AB  - We have simultaneously studied regional cerebral glucose utilization (RCGU) and
      behavior during naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal. For RCGU studies, 25
      brain regions were analyzed that previously had been shown to participate in
      morphine withdrawal. Four established behavioral signs of morphine withdrawal
      were recorded: wet shakes, jumping, weight loss, and autonomic signs. Using a
      10(4) range of naloxone dose (0.0005-5.0 mg/kg), dose dependent effects were
      found for 3 behaviors: jumping, weight loss and autonomic signs. The incidence of
      wet shakes did not correlate with naloxone dose. Increases in RCGU in several
      specific brain sites were also naloxone dose dependent. Naloxone dose dependent
      increases in RCGU during precipitated morphine withdrawal may be divided into 3
      classes of responses: Class I structures (paraventricular, ventromedial, and
      lateral hypothalamus) exhibited their largest RCGU increases between 0.005 and
      0.05 mg/kg of naloxone; Class II structures (preoptic areas, basal ganglia,
      anterior and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, mammillary nuclei, and certain
      midbrain regions) showed gradual RCGU increases across the 10(4) range of
      naloxone dose; and, Class III structures (diagonal band, medial and lateral
      septum, and the central amygdaloid nucleus) displayed large RCGU increases across
      0.5-5.0 mg/kg of naloxone. Regression analysis of RCGU vs behavior showed
      correlations between Class I responses and autonomic signs (P less than 0.010);
      weight loss was correlated with all 3 classes of naloxone dose dependent RCGU
      responses during withdrawal (P less than 0.05). The strong positive correlation
      among these RCGU increases and certain morphine withdrawal behaviors supported
      the use of RCGU measurements in specific brain sites as a sensitive and objective
      biochemical indicator of the presence and severity of morphine dependence. In
      addition, this study demonstrates that changes in RCGU in different brain regions
      are heterogeneous with respect to naloxone dose and appear reproducibly along a
      continuum from mild to severe withdrawal.

PMID- 4039616
TI  - The cortico-medial amygdala in the central nervous system organization of
      agonistic behavior.
AB  - Previous studies suggested that the corticomedial amygdala is involved in
      agonistic behavior by affecting social learning processes. The present study
      shows that deficits in the avoidance of a dominant male rat conditioned by defeat
      were only observed after bilateral lesions restricted to the medial amygdala and
      not after destroying the cortical portion. These results are related to the
      specific afferent and efferent connections of the medial amygdala with other
      brain structures involved in the control of agonistic behavior. Within the
      corticomedial amygdala the medial amygdaloid nucleus was found to be a major
      recipient of afferents from the accessory olfactory bulb, but also a source of
      efferent projections to the ventrolateral aspects of the ventromedial
      hypothalamic nucleus and the ventral premammillary nucleus. A strong reciprocity
      exists in the connections between ventromedial hypothalamus and premammillary
      nuclei with the medial amygdala. The connections between the ventromedial
      hypothalamic and dorsal premammillary nucleus with the midbrain periaqueductal
      grey suggest an important role for the periaqueductal gray in the descending
      output in the anatomical substrate for agonistic behavior.

PMID- 4039617
TI  - Ontogeny of striatal unit activity and effects of single or repeated haloperidol
      administration in rats.
AB  - Development of striatal unit activity recorded from chloral hydrate anesthetized,
      neonatal rats was characterized electrophysiologically following acute or
      repeated haloperidol administration. No spontaneously active single units were
      detected in 8 day old pups. Spontaneous activity was recorded by 17 days of age,
      although the number of active cells, firing frequency and the variety of firing
      patterns were less diverse than those observed in 28 day olds. There were also
      age related differences in striatal unit responses to haloperidol. A significant
      increase in activity was induced by acute haloperidol administration only in 28
      day old animals. No tolerance to the acute effects was demonstrated. Both 17 and
      28 day olds responded to repeated haloperidol injections, followed by a 24 h
      recess, with an increase in striatal activity. These results may assist our
      understanding of the effects of human fetal, neonatal and/or adolescent exposure
      to neuroleptics.

PMID- 4039618
TI  - Effect of duration of haloperidol treatment on DA receptor supersensitization in
      aging C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - Apomorphine-induced behavior, striatal [3H]spiperone binding, and striatal
      choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity were assessed in 6 1/2, 13, and 27-30
      month-old male C57BL/6J mice following 0, 30, 60 or 90 days treatment with the
      dopaminergic (DA) antagonist haloperidol. Both apomorphine-induced behavior and
      [3H]spiperone binding (Bmax) increased linearly with duration of haloperidol
      treatment, with no detectable age difference in the degree of supersensitization,
      although basal receptor density declined with age. Middle- and old-aged mice
      showed prolonged stereotypic behavior relative to young mice, suggesting slower
      apomorphine clearance. No differences in ChAT activity were detected with either
      age or duration of haloperidol treatment. Although the group means of binding and
      behavior were highly related, the within group correlations were poor. Overall,
      the results suggest that aged animals are capable of DA receptor
      supersensitization when given a sufficient stimulus--in this case, relatively
      long treatment regimes. Previously reported deficits in neuroleptic-induced
      supersensitization in old mice may be confined to relatively short treatment
      periods at low doses.

PMID- 4039619
TI  - Phosphorylation of the postsynaptic density glycoprotein gp180 by endogenous
      tyrosine kinase.
AB  - Incubation of postsynaptic densities (PSDs) with [gamma-32P]adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) results in the phosphorylation of a number of proteins. Of
      these, phosphoproteins with apparent molecular weights (Mr) of 51,000, 180,000,
      300,000, 320,000 and 370,000 contain 32P which is resistant to digestion with hot
      KOH suggesting the presence of [32P]phosphotyrosine residues. Phosphoamino acid
      analysis of total 32P-labelled PSDs identified [32P]phosphotyrosine as well as
      phosphoserine and phosphothreonine as products of the phosphorylation reaction.
      The PSD-specific glycoprotein gp180 was isolated from 32P-labelled PSDs and shown
      to contain [32P]phosphotyrosine. The results identify tyrosine kinase as a
      component of purified PSDs and gp180 as an endogenous substrate for this enzyme.

PMID- 4039621
TI  - Similar functional anatomy of spontaneous and precipitated morphine withdrawal.
AB  - The distribution and magnitude of changes in regional cerebral glucose
      utilization were similar whether opiate withdrawal was spontaneous or naloxone
      induced.

PMID- 4039620
TI  - Effects of phencyclidine administration on behavior and brain neurotensin-like
      immunoreactivity in rats.
AB  - The effects of acute and chronic phencyclidine (PCP) administration on
      neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) were investigated in discrete regions of
      rat brain. Both acute and chronic administration of PCP induced high locomotor
      activity, stereotypy and ataxia. On PCP administration, NTLI decreased
      significantly in the frontal cortex (Fc) alone. These results suggest that the
      decrease in NTLI in Fc is related to the behavioral abnormalities produced by
      PCP.

PMID- 4039622
TI  - Neonatal brain damage and recovery: intraventricular injection of NGF at time of
      injury alters performance of active avoidance.
AB  - Rats were given lesions of either the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) or septal
      nucleus at 7 days of age and then were tested repeatedly in an active avoidance
      task (A.A.) from 20 to 80 days. VMH rats were consistently impaired on the A.A.
      task beginning at 40 days of age. The animals with septal lesions performed the
      A.A. task consistently better than VMH or control animals throughout the entire
      test period, the septal syndrome becoming more pronounced as the rats reached
      maturity. In intact rats a single, intraventricular injection of NGF given at 7
      days of age resulted in a greater reactivity, especially as the rats approached
      maturity. NGF, given at time of surgery, also improved performance of the A.A.
      task in VMH-damaged rats tested at 40-80 days. In rats given septal lesions, NGF
      treatment at time of injury attenuated the septal syndrome of improved A.A.
      performance. The data indicate that NGF treatment, given to neonatal rats, can
      produce long-lasting effects on CNS functions and can contribute to functional
      recovery from brain lesions.

PMID- 4039623
TI  - [Pseudoparalysis induced by cancer chemotherapy (cis-platinum)].

PMID- 4039624
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis: a cause of summer diarrhea in children.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that some outbreaks of diarrhea in children may be
      caused by Cryptosporidium, a parasite associated with gastrointestinal and
      respiratory tract infection in animals. In a study of 7300 British Columbia
      patients with diarrhea, cryptosporidial oocysts were found in the stool samples
      of 46 (0.63%). It appears that the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis is related to
      three factors: the patient's age, the time of year and the geographic location.

PMID- 4039625
TI  - Doxorubicin plus cisplatin in the treatment of apudomas.
AB  - Twelve patients with advanced apudomas--six with carcinoid tumors, two with
      chemodectomas, two with pancreatic islet cell tumor, and one each of medullary
      carcinoma of the thyroid and paraganglioma of unknown primary--were treated with
      a combination of doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 every 3 to 4 weeks.
      Biochemical markers were present in 8 of the 12 patients. Five of the 12 patients
      (3 with carcinoid and 2 with chemodectomas) responded with more than 50%
      regression of tumor size measured as hypothetical area. Three others (two with
      islet cell tumors and one with carcinoid) had clinical and/or biochemical
      improvements. A median duration of response was 6 months. Nausea, vomiting, and
      alopecia were universal. Mild or moderate leukopenia was the most frequent
      toxicity. No sustained nephrotoxicity was seen. The combination of doxorubicin
      and cisplatin provides a new palliative therapy for patients with APUD tumors.

PMID- 4039626
TI  - Multimodal approach (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) in the treatment of
      advanced ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Forty-five patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma without prior chemotherapy
      were treated with cisplatin-Adriamycin (doxorubicin) combination, 50 mg/m2
      intravenously, for 11 cycles. Second-look operation (SLO) was performed in
      patients without evidence of disease at the end of chemotherapy. Abdominopelvic
      irradiation was administered to those found to have microscopic or minimal
      disease (tumor less than 2 cm) at SLO. Forty patients were evaluable.
      Chemotherapy induced complete response in 56.7% and partial response in 16.7%. In
      25% of the reoperated patients, no tumor was found; 30% had microscopic disease;
      25% had minimal disease; and 20% had larger tumors. Two-year survival rate was
      45%. The residual tumor left at initial operation, the histologic grade, and the
      response to chemotherapy influenced survival. Toxicity was moderate. There were
      three treatment-related deaths (one due to sepsis, one due to cardiotoxicity, and
      one at SLO, respectively). Radiotherapy was poorly tolerated after chemotherapy.
      The median duration of follow-up was 21.5 months. Further follow-up is needed to
      study the long-term benefits of this multimodal approach.

PMID- 4039627
TI  - Is cytoplasm intelligent too?

PMID- 4039628
TI  - Cisplatin in the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma: a phase II study.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with advanced local or metastatic gastric carcinoma were
      treated with 75 mg/m2 of cisplatin every 3 weeks. Six patients had received no
      prior chemotherapy. One patient achieved complete tumor regression lasting 5
      months, while three patients had partial responses of 2, 4, and 11 months'
      duration, respectively, resulting in an overall response rate of 18% (95%
      confidence limits: 5%-40%). All four responding patients had improvement in
      performance status. Two of six patients who had had no prior chemotherapy
      responded, while only two of 16 patients previously treated with 5-FU and
      doxorubicin responded.

PMID- 4039629
TI  - Cisplatin neurotoxicity: failure to demonstrate vitamin B12 inactivation.
AB  - Cisplatin binds in vitro with vitamin B12 coenzymes at physiologic pH and
      temperature. We have hypothesized that cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity is due to
      an in vivo inactivation of the cobalamin coenzymes. Vitamin B12 metabolism was
      studied in patients treated with cisplatin for advanced cancer. Serum levels of
      B12 and B12-binding capacity remained normal during cisplatin therapy. Excessive
      urinary excretion of methylmalonic acid and homocystine, which are both metabolic
      correlates of cellular cobalamin deficiency, was not demonstrated after cisplatin
      administration. Thus, we find no evidence to implicate cellular B12 deficiency as
      a mechanism of cisplatin neurotoxicity.

PMID- 4039630
TI  - Muscle fiber disarray in patients without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Muscle fiber disarray (MFD) has been described as the histologic feature of
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), but it was also found in normal and other
      abnormal conditions. Its distribution related to the topography of the myocardium
      has not been described. In this paper, the incidence of MFD in hearts free from
      HC, the frequency of the histologic disorganization and the affected muscles
      involved were studied at autopsy. 29 hearts with acute myocardial infarction and
      1 with suppurated myocarditis were employed. Macroslides containing the point of
      maximum septal enlargement were selected for histological examination. The areas
      of MFD were measured by a polar planimeter and correlated with the involved wall,
      the total slice area, parietal widths and involved muscles. 27 patients (90%)
      presented with MFD; hypertrophic ventricular walls were observed in 10, 8 of
      which had MFD. The remaining 20 patients with nonhypertrophic ventricular walls
      had MFD in 19 instances. There was septal posterior involvement in 26 cases (p
      less than 0.0005). 12 patients (44.4%) had only one wall involved. Only 1 patient
      presented more than 5% of MFD in regard to the total area. The septal wall was
      the most affected (p less than 0.0005). The most commonly affected muscle was the
      deep-sinospiral, either alone or combined with other muscles (p less than 0.01).
      Greater MFD was found (23/30) in patients with septum/posterior wall ratio less
      than 1.3 cm. It is concluded that MFD may affect up to 10% of the septum in
      patients free from HC, and that secondary hypertrophy is not a prerequisite for
      MFD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039631
TI  - Endocrine control of thymic serum factor production in young-adult and old mice.
AB  - The influence of different endocrinological manipulations on the blood
      concentration of serum thymic factor (FTS) was studied in young-adult and old
      mice. Among the experimentally induced endocrinopathies in youth, hypothyroidism
      and diabetes caused strong reductions of FTS levels, which were restored to
      normal by the appropriate hormonal substitutive therapy. Removal of adrenals or
      gonads has no significant effect on FTS level. Old mice, which show undetectable
      levels of FTS and low levels of thyroxine, can regain the capacity to produce
      FTS, provided they are treated with thyroxine. The variations of FTS blood levels
      in the course of endocrinological manipulations were due to a direct or indirect
      effect exerted on the recipient thymus. Hormonal treatment of thymectomized mice
      did not induce any FTS-like activity in their sera, nor did hormones interfere in
      vitro with the bioassay used to test for FTS. These data suggest that the
      neuroendocrine balance modulates the synthesis and/or the release of FTS from the
      thymus during the whole life of the organism and that the decline of FTS
      production with advancing age is largely dependent on age-associated
      endocrinological imbalances.

PMID- 4039632
TI  - Cleavage in a saponin model of the sea urchin egg.
AB  - A cell model, in which cleavage could be induced, was obtained from fertilized
      sea urchin eggs by putting eggs that were in the first cleavage into a solution
      containing 3 X 10(-5) g/ml saponin and suitable amounts of ATP and Ca2+. The cell
      membrane became freely permeable to ATP and Ca2+ within 1 minute. The respective
      optimal concentrations of ATP and Ca2+ that advanced the cleavage furrow in this
      model were 2 mM and 10(-8) M. With the optimal ATP and Ca2+ concentrations, the
      cleavage furrow of the model advanced at a rate that differed little from that in
      living eggs. The cleavage furrow soon receded, however, when the concentration of
      ATP was decreased to less than 1 mM or increased to more than 3 mM, as well as
      when the concentration of Ca2+ was increased to more than 10(-7) M.

PMID- 4039633
TI  - Cytochalasin D inhibits the progression from the Go to S phase at the mid
      prereplicative stage in GC-7 cells stimulated with serum.
AB  - When the growth of serum-arrested GC-7 cells, a clone from African green monkey
      kidney, was induced by the addition of 10% calf serum, they began to enter S
      phase after 15-16 h. When stimulated cells were cultured in the presence of 0.6
      micrograms/ml of cytochalasin D, the entrance into S phase was inhibited.
      Treatment of cells with cytochalasin D during the period earlier than 8 h or
      later than 11 h after the serum stimulation showed no or little inhibitory effect
      on the entrance of cells into S phase. Inhibition of the entrance into S phase
      was observed only when stimulated cells were treated with cytochalasin D during
      the periods including 9-10 h after stimulation. A rapid increase in protein
      synthesis occurred 9-12 h after the serum stimulation and was inhibited in the
      presence of cytochalasin D. These and other results suggested that in the course
      of the prereplicative process from Go through S phase only the stage around 9-10
      h after the start of the cell cycle was sensitive to cytochalasin D and that the
      block of the cycle was correlated with the inhibition of protein synthesis at
      this stage.

PMID- 4039634
TI  - High-dose intravenous metoclopramide and intermittent intramuscular
      prochlorperazine and diazepam in the management of emesis induced by cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum.
AB  - Intravenous metoclopramide and IM prochlorperazine and diazepam were compared in
      the management of vomiting occurring during treatment with cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum (cis-platinum). A total of 104 cycles in 30 patients
      were evaluated. Twenty-two patients took part in a cross-over study in which
      emetic profiles for each patient managed with each anti-emetic schedule were
      compared. In all, 44 cycles of treatment in 22 patients were evaluated as part of
      a cross-over study. No significant difference in emetic control was observed
      between the two anti-emetic regimens. The side-effects observed using IV
      metoclopramide included extrapyramidal phenomena (19%) and flushing attacks
      (16%).

PMID- 4039635
TI  - Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (cis-platinum) and etoposide (VP-16) in malignant
      lymphoma--an effective salvage regimen.
AB  - Response rates in malignant lymphoma after failure of first-line therapy are
      generally poor. Twenty-five patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)
      unresponsive to standard combination chemotherapy were treated with cis
      platinum/VP-16. All were heavily pretreated, 29% having received three or more
      different drug regimens. Seventeen patients were evaluable for response. There
      were five complete remissions (CR) (29%) and four partial remissions (PR) (24%),
      giving an overall response rate of 53% (36% of all patients treated). The
      duration of CR was 12-48 weeks. Median survival for responders was 25 weeks (15
      95), compared with only 5 weeks (4-17) for non-responders (P = 0.002). Toxicity
      included nausea and vomiting, alopecia, minor renal impairment, and
      myelosuppression. This was sometimes severe: WBC less than 1.0 X 10(9)/l in three
      patients (18%) and platelets less than 50 X 10(9)/l in five patients (29%). The
      response rate for this combination is superior to that reported for either
      cisplatinum or VP-16 alone in similar patients (PR only 26% and 20%-30%,
      respectively). Further investigation is required to define the role of these
      drugs in the first-line treatment of poor-prognosis NHL.

PMID- 4039636
TI  - Assessment of the diurnal variations in urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic
      acid excretion for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroblastoma.
AB  - The diurnal variation of urinary homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic
      acid (VMA) was studied in neuroblastoma patients and in a control group. Urinary
      HVA and VMA levels in four sequential 6-hour urine collections within a 24-hour
      period were compared. HVA and VMA levels were expressed in microgram/mg of
      urinary creatinine (UCr) and in mg/6h specimens. No statistically significant
      variations between the four time intervals were found when expressed in
      microgram/mg UCr or mg/6h. The small variations that exist in the excretion of
      HVA and VMA during different periods of the day are due to variations in renal
      excretion rather than variations in production. The results from this study
      indicate that a random urine sample should be as good as a 24-hour collection for
      diagnosis and follow-up of neural crest tumors.

PMID- 4039637
TI  - Stability of vitamin A in frozen sera.
AB  - We compared values for vitamin A measured in fresh sera with values obtained
      after storage at -20 degrees C for five to eight years. Loss of vitamin A from
      long-stored sera during the extraction step was eliminated by adding ascorbic
      acid to the extraction solvent, ethanol. Retinol-binding protein was also
      measured in the stored sera. Not only did vitamin A values remain stable during
      the years of storage, but also the correlation between concentrations of vitamin
      A and retinol-binding protein in the stored sera was typical of that observed
      with fresh sera.

PMID- 4039638
TI  - Pattern of human blood spermidine and spermine in prematurity.
AB  - Blood polyamines have been determined in preterm newborns (24-37 gestation weeks)
      during the first hours of life and until 20 days after birth. The most elevated
      polyamine concentrations were found in preterm newborns from the 24th-33rd
      gestational week. In all preterms, however, polyamine concentrations are higher
      than in full term newborns. In preterm infants two different patterns of blood
      polyamines appear in relation to the gestational age: in infants born at 24-34
      wk, spermidine reaches the peak at 12 h and spermine shows high concentrations
      between 12 and 48 h. In infants born at 35-37 wk maximal concentrations of
      polyamines were reached at 12 h. Successively, in both groups the polyamines
      progressively decrease up to the 20th day, with some individual variations. Our
      results may provide a further support to the suggestion of a fetal genesis of
      polyamines and their involvement in fetal growth.

PMID- 4039639
TI  - Factors predicting nocturnal hypoxemia in patients with chronic lung disease.

PMID- 4039640
TI  - The time course of phonological code activation in two writing systems.

PMID- 4039641
TI  - Why superordinate category terms can be mass nouns.

PMID- 4039642
TI  - Grammatical priming of inflected nouns by inflected adjectives.

PMID- 4039643
TI  - "Cognition in music".

PMID- 4039644
TI  - Vacuolation and infection thread in root nodules of soybean.
AB  - Profuse vacuolation takes place in the soybean root nodule cells where infection
      threads carry rhizobia. After the rhizobia are released the disappearance of the
      infection thread is attributed to its degradation within large vacuoles which
      result from fusion of small vacuoles.

PMID- 4039645
TI  - Administration of dazoxiben, a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, in the
      adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Experimental studies suggest that thromboxane A2 could play a role in the
      pulmonary hypertension of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We
      therefore investigated the hemodynamic and gasometric effects of dazoxiben, a
      selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, in seven patients who had developed
      ARDS. The patients were studied for 120 minutes after a single intravenous bolus
      of 1.5 mg of dazoxiben per kilogram of body weight. During this period, there was
      no change in pulmonary hemodynamics, a moderate increase in arterial oxygen
      pressure, and a slight decrease in venous admixture. Therefore, administration of
      dazoxiben in patients with ARDS does not decrease pulmonary hypertension. This
      study does not support the role of thromboxane A2 as an important mediator in
      pulmonary hypertension in human ARDS, at least once the syndrome has been
      recognized.

PMID- 4039647
TI  - [Clinical and X-ray features of lung disease in 43 cases in mushroom workers].

PMID- 4039646
TI  - The layered organization of nucleosomes in 30 nm chromatin fibers.
AB  - We have used electron microscopy and established methods of three-dimensional
      reconstruction to obtain structural information on the 30 nm chromatin fibers
      from sea cucumber sperm and chicken erythrocytes. The fibers show a longitudinal
      periodicity of 10-11 nm. We have interpreted this periodicity as due to a
      grouping of nucleosomes into disks, each disk containing about 5-6 nucleosomes.
      These disks are closely stacked to form the chromatin fiber. We have built a
      detailed model for four fibers and we have determined the approximate coordinates
      of all the nucleosomes in them. The average distance found between neighboring
      nucleosomes has a value close to 11 nm. They may be connected either as a
      regularly distorted helix or as a layered zigzag. The second model appears more
      appropriate, since in the constrictions of the fibers the nucleosomes can only be
      connected as a zigzag.

PMID- 4039648
TI  - [Antitumor activity of mixed cis-complexes of platinum(II) with ammonia and
      cycloalkylamines].

PMID- 4039649
TI  - Substitution and primary dependence studies in animals.
AB  - The mixed agonist-antagonist analgesics buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine,
      pentazocine and picenadol were compared to the prototype mu and kappa agonists
      morphine and Mr 2033, respectively, in the following tests in rhesus monkeys:
      overt behavioral effects upon acute administration in drug-naive animals;
      discriminative stimulus properties in monkeys trained to respond to either
      etorphine or ethylketazocine; self-administration of the test agent relative to
      codeine; single dose suppression and precipitation in withdrawn and non-withdrawn
      morphine-dependent monkeys, respectively; and primary addiction studies in drug
      naive animals. Whereas both buprenorphine and nalbuphine precipitate withdrawal
      in morphine-dependent monkeys, withdrawal following chronic administration of
      buprenorphine resulted in no observable signs of abstinence, while nalbuphine
      withdrawal was similar to that seen in morphine-dependent monkeys. Butorphanol,
      pentazocine and picenadol all produced mild dependence of the kappa-type; that
      is, natural withdrawal behavior similar to that seen following chronic Mr 2033
      administration.

PMID- 4039650
TI  - Xorphanol.
AB  - Xorphanol is a new mixed agonist-antagonist from the morphinan class of
      analgesics. On the basis of animal experiments, the physical dependence liability
      of xorphanol is predicted to be of a low order in man. Conceptually, xorphanol is
      of interest since in vitro experiments have revealed anti-naloxone properties and
      resistance to antagonism by opioid antagonists. At the practical level, xorphanol
      is a well tolerated, orally active analgesic that provides effective pain relief
      clinically.

PMID- 4039651
TI  - [Polyneuropathy after cisplatin treatment].
AB  - Polyneuropathy developed in 7 of 87 women who had been treated with cis-platinum
      for ovarian carcinoma. Distal disturbances of sensitivity were clinically
      prominent, the emphasis being on disturbed vibratory perception and acrognosis.
      No relevant signs of motor dysfunction were noticed, neither clinically nor
      neurophysiologically. Sural biopsies taken from two women revealed a primary
      axonal degeneration, mostly affecting the myelinic fibres of large diameter. In 3
      cases mild reversion was seen, and in 4 cases no definite reversion, of the
      disturbed functions - uncertain gait and clumsiness of the hands - during the
      follow-up period of 6 to 30 months.

PMID- 4039652
TI  - [Diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia].

PMID- 4039653
TI  - Does treatment influence the natural history of patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy?
AB  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a cardiac disorder of unknown aetiology which is
      characterised by hypertrophy of a non-dilated left ventricle. The course of
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be relatively benign, but the risk of sudden
      death due to ventricular arrhythmias is an important clinical problem. Those
      patients at greatest risk of sudden death appear to be those with the combination
      of diagnosis in childhood, a family history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and
      sudden death, and syncopal episodes. The treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      associated ventricular tachycardia with 'conventional' antiarrhythmic agents
      (disopyramide, quinidine, mexiletine) has seldom been successful. However,
      treatment of this arrhythmia with amiodarone in well-matched but non-parallel
      groups of patients has resulted in suppression of arrhythmia and improved
      survival compared with that seen with 'conventional' antiarrhythmic agents.

PMID- 4039654
TI  - [Pathogenesis of secretory otitis media].

PMID- 4039655
TI  - [A fatal autosomal recessive syndrome with multiple congenital contractures].

PMID- 4039656
TI  - The antiprogestin RU38 486: receptor-mediated progestin versus antiprogestin
      actions screened in estrogen-insensitive T47Dco human breast cancer cells.
AB  - Despite the theoretical promise of synthetic antiprogestational agents as
      anticancer agents, experimental tools, midcycle contraceptives, and implantation
      inhibitors, none has been available for either basic or clinical studies.
      However, a candidate antiprogestin, RU38 486 [17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-(4
      dimethylaminophenyl)17 alpha-(1-propynl)estra-4,9 -dien-3-one], has recently been
      described that has antiprogestational and antiglucocorticoid activities in early
      clinical trials. Its mechanisms of action are unclear. Furthermore, development
      of this drug underscores an old bioassay problem: that biological screening of
      progestins and antiprogestins is complex because of the physiological requirement
      that progestational effects must be superimposed upon an estrogenized system.
      This has made it difficult to distinguish among progestational,
      antiprogestational, and antiestrogenic properties of unknown agents. Here we
      describe the use of T47Dco human breast cancer cells to circumvent these
      problems. T47Dco cells are rich in progesterone receptors (PR), but are resistant
      to estrogens and antiestrogens. Their PR are estrogen-independent, and this
      permits progestins to be studied in an estrogen-free system. We have used these
      cells to assess the receptor-binding properties and the biological actions of
      RU38 486. Since RU38 486 absorbs UV at approximately 300 nm, this wavelength was
      used to covalently photolink the drug to PR in situ. Like the synthetic progestin
      R5020, low concentrations (10 nM) of [3H]RU38 486 bind two PR subunits in nuclei
      of T47Dco; glucocorticoid receptors are not bound. RU38 486 has a high affinity
      for PR in vitro (Kd approximately 2 nM at 0-4 C), and in intact cells, low
      concentrations (6-8 nM) transform more than 95% of PR to a high affinity nuclear
      binding state. In contrast to progesterone, the compound is not metabolized, so
      that it chronically (3-6 days) suppresses PR replenishment. These biochemical
      properties of RU38 486 are typical of synthetic progestins, but distinguish it
      from pure glucocorticoids. To bioassay RU38 486, we have measured growth and
      insulin receptors, since in T47Dco, physiological concentrations of progestins
      inhibit proliferation and increase the number of cell surface insulin-binding
      sites. Like progestins, RU38 486 is growth inhibitory; unlike progestins, it
      fails to stimulate insulin receptors and partially blocks their stimulation by
      R5020. Thus, RU38 486 has dual progestin agonist/antagonist actions depending on
      the biological response measured.

PMID- 4039657
TI  - Diencephalic sites of progesterone action for inhibiting aggression and
      facilitating sexual receptivity in estrogen-primed golden hamsters.
AB  - Diencephalic sites of action of progesterone (P) responsible for inhibiting
      aggression and facilitating sexual receptivity were examined in ovariectomized
      golden hamsters primed with Silastic capsules of estradiol. P was applied
      centrally by inserting a hormone-filled, 27-gauge cannula into a 22-gauge guide
      cannula that was implanted unilaterally in the medial preoptic area (MPO), the
      anterior hypothalamus (AH), or the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Control
      implants consisted of cholesterol-filled cannulae placed within the same regions
      of the brain. Tests for sexual and aggressive behavior occurred 1, 2, 4, and 6 h
      after hormone implantation by introducing a sexually experienced male into the
      home cage of the female. Nine of 20 females with P in the VMH exhibited lordosis
      in comparison to 1 of 12 females in the MPO group and 5 of 16 animals in the AH
      group. The induction of sexual responsiveness after P implantation in the VMH was
      further demonstrated in 6 of 11 ovariectomized-adrenalectomized females,
      indicating that the observed receptivity was not contingent upon activation of
      the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In addition to the receptive promoting
      action of P in the VMH, P implantation in the MPO and VMH but not in AH regions
      was highly effective in inhibiting female biting attacks upon males. In summary,
      these findings indicate that P can both facilitate sexual receptivity and inhibit
      aggressive behavior and that P induces these changes in behavior at different
      locations in the diencephalon.

PMID- 4039658
TI  - Local injections of human or rat growth hormone or of purified human somatomedin
      C stimulate unilateral tibial epiphyseal growth in hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - The growth-promoting actions of GH are thought to be mediated by somatomedin(s)
      (Sms), but unilateral bone growth in hypophysectomized (HX) rats given local
      injections of human (h) GH has been reported. Using slightly different methods,
      we have confirmed these results with purified hGH and have extended them to show
      that four daily injections directly into the tibial epiphyseal plate of 1 or 5
      micrograms/day purified rat GH or recombinant DNA-derived hGH, but not of hPRL (6
      micrograms/day) caused significant cartilage growth compared to that of the
      vehicle-injected contralateral tibia in rats that had been HX 14 days before the
      first injection. Thus, it is unlikely that the effects of GH are due to
      contaminating growth factors in the GH preparations, because the bacteria-derived
      preparation of hGH, which is unlikely to have such contaminants, was also active.
      Furthermore, we have shown that similar injections of 100 or 500 ng/day purified
      hSm-C caused unilateral tibial growth in rats HX 8 days, but not 14 days, before
      the first injection. These results demonstrate that both GH and Sm-C have direct
      growth-promoting effects on cartilage in vivo and are compatible with the theory
      that GH may act by stimulating local SM synthesis.

PMID- 4039659
TI  - Somatomedin-C stimulates glycogen synthesis in fetal rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The effects of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C) on glycogen
      metabolism in cultured hepatocytes from 20-day-old rat fetuses have been examined
      and compared with the effects of insulin. Sm-C (25-375 ng/ml; 3.25-50 nM)
      stimulated dose-dependent increases in [14C]glucose incorporation into glycogen
      (14.4-72.9%; P less than 0.001) and total cell glycogen content (10.6-34.3%; P
      less than 0.01). Maximal stimulation of glycogen synthesis by Sm-C occurred at 2
      4 h of incubation. Insulin (10 nM to 10 microM) also stimulated [14C]glucose
      incorporation but its potency was only 1/20th that of Sm-C. The time course of
      stimulation of glucose incorporation by insulin was identical to that of Sm-C,
      the dose-response curves of the two hormones were parallel, and the maximal
      effects of insulin were not enhanced by simultaneous exposure of cells to Sm-C.
      These findings suggest that Sm-C and insulin stimulate glycogenesis in fetal
      liver through similar or identical mechanisms. Since the potency of Sm-C was 20
      times greater than that of insulin, the glycogenic action of insulin in fetal
      liver may be mediated through binding to a hepatic receptor which also binds Sm
      C. In addition to having mitogenic effects on fetal tissues, Sm-C may have direct
      anabolic effects on fetal carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 4039660
TI  - Uptake, translocation, and transformation of pentachlorophenol in soybean and
      spinach plants.
AB  - Soybean plants were grown for 90 days and spinach plants for 64 days in a mixture
      of sterilized greenhouse soil and sand containing 10 ppm pentachlorophenol. All
      plant parts and soil samples were extracted and separated into nonpolar and polar
      fractions. Major nonpolar and polar metabolites were identified by gas-liquid
      chromatography and mass spectrometry. Nonpolar fractions from both soybean and
      spinach plants were found to contain pentachlorophenol and its metabolites,
      2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, methoxytetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloroanisole,
      and pentachloroanisole. Cleavage of polar metabolites from the soybean plants by
      acid hydrolysis yielded organic solvent-extractable products. These products were
      identified as pentachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, and
      methoxytetrachlorophenol. Cleavage of polar materials from spinach plants yielded
      only pentachlorophenol. The polar metabolites from the soybean plants were also
      subjected to enzymatic cleavage by beta-glucosidase. The conjugates consisted
      mostly of O-glucosides of the same metabolites released by acid hydrolysis.
      Failure of hydrolysis by aryl sulfatase indicated that very little or no sulfates
      were present. The metabolites found in the plants were not detected in soil
      samples obtained from pots immediately after the plants were harvested.

PMID- 4039661
TI  - Anomalous nuclease digestion of Holothuria sperm chromatin containing histone H1
      variants.
AB  - We have investigated the micrococcal nuclease digestion of chromatin from the
      spermatozoa of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa. This chromatin contains
      minor protein variants related to histone H1 with a high proportion of basic
      amino acids. One of these variants, protein phi 0, represents about 4% of the
      total histones. It is 78 amino acids long and its amino acid composition and
      sequence are related to the very basic C-terminal region of histone H1. The
      presence of these proteins induces an unusual digestion pattern. Oligonucleosomal
      particles which are soluble at 150 mM NaCl are depleted of protein phi 0 and they
      are also defective in histone H1. A low percentage of the insoluble material can
      be solubilized at lower NaCl concentrations (50 mM). These oligonucleosomal
      particles show a very peculiar protein content, since at early digestion times,
      they contain histone H1 and protein phi 0 exclusively. We conclude that these
      particles arise from a cooperative displacement of core histones by protein phi 0
      and histone H1. These results show that minor changes in histone H1 complement
      can result in the formation of artifactual particles upon microccocal nuclease
      digestion. These observations may be of interest in other systems which contain
      H1 variants.

PMID- 4039662
TI  - Time-resolved fluorescence of bacteriophage Pf1 DNA-binding protein.
      Determination of oligonucleotide and polynucleotide binding parameters.
AB  - The binding of oligonucleotides and polynucleotides to the Pf1 DNA-binding
      protein was followed by fluorescence spectral shift and lifetime measurements,
      which gave an anomalous value for the stoichiometry of binding. The anomaly was
      investigated in detail using fluorescence depolarisation to measure the
      aggregation during the titration and showed that all the fluorescence parameters
      are related to the specific aggregation of dimers on ligand binding. At
      saturation, complexes of the protein with the octanucleotide d(GCGTTGCG) and the
      hexadecanucleotide (dT)16 have rotational correlation times, phi, of 50 ns and 85
      ns, corresponding to protein tetramers and octamers, respectively. In the
      presence of the tetranucleotide d(CGCA) the protein remains as the native dimer
      (phi = 19 ns). The titration curves could be analysed in terms of two non
      equivalent binding sites, with binding constants K1 and K2. Comparison of K1
      values for oligonucleotide binding leads to an estimated (single-site) intrinsic
      binding constant Kint approximately equal to 3 X 10(4) M-1 and a cooperativity
      parameter omega approximately equal to 100, in agreement with the apparent
      binding constant Kapp approximately equal to 3 X 10(6) M-1 for polynucleotides.
      Binding to the second site on the protein dimer is greatly reduced and cannot be
      determined accurately. The results suggest that the protein dimers bind
      cooperatively by lateral association along the DNA and that occupation of only
      one of the two DNA-binding sites of the protein dimers is sufficient to stabilize
      the nucleoprotein complexes.

PMID- 4039663
TI  - The role of carboxyl groups in the function of endo-beta-1,4-glucanase from
      Schizophyllum commune.
AB  - The endo-beta-1,4-glucanase from Schizophyllum commune was purified to
      homogeneity by a modified procedure that employed concanavalin A-Sepharose. The
      catalytic site of the enzyme has previously been proposed to consist of Glu-33
      and Asp-50 that act in a manner analogous to lysozyme [Yaguchi, M., Roy, C.,
      Rollin, C.F., Paice, M.G. & Jurasek, L. (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
      116, 408-411]. The role of carboxyl groups in the mechanism of action was
      delineated through kinetic and chemical modification studies. The rate of
      endoglucanase-catalysed hydrolysis of CM-cellulose was determined viscometrically
      at 30 degrees C, 0.06 M ionic strength and pH 2.5-9.0. The pH profile for maximum
      velocity gave the kinetic apparent pK values 3.8 and 6.6 and for initial velocity
      the pK values 3.7 and 6.1. Treatment of the endoglucanase with
      diethylpyrocarbonate resulted in the modification of all the four histidyl
      residues present in the enzyme with the retention of 95% of the original
      enzymatic activity. A water-soluble carbodiimide completely inactivated the
      cellulase and kinetic analysis indicated that at least one molecule of
      carbodiimide binds to the enzyme for inactivation. The pH dependence of the
      inactivation is consistent with the modification of carboxyl groups. The binding
      of an inhibitor, cellobiose, prior to carbodiimide modification protected the
      enzyme from rapid inactivation. Titration of the enzyme with dithiobis(2
      nitrobenzoic acid) indicated the absence of free thiol groups. Reaction of the
      endoglucanase with tetranitromethane resulted in the modification of six of the
      fourteen tyrosyl residues of the enzyme with approximately 35% diminution in
      activity.

PMID- 4039664
TI  - Coupling of cytoskeleton functions for fibroblast locomotion.
AB  - Using a chick cell phenotype specialised for locomotion with morphometric
      measurements made possible by modern instrumentation technology, we have
      reinvestigated motile functions in fibroblast locomotion. Quantitative analysis
      of rapid fluctuations in cell form and organelle distribution during locomotion
      showed many significant correlations between different parts of the cell despite
      much irregularity in individual displacements over the time scale of the order of
      one second. These broke down when external perturbations caused changes in shape
      or direction. Partial energy deprivation caused the cells to lose control of
      shape and organelle distribution even though forward protrusion continued
      unaffected. Cytoplasmic displacements shown by marker mitochondria correlated
      with adjacent fluctuations at the leading edge, and drug treatments which
      increased the amplitude of mitochondrial movements caused visible protrusions in
      projected positions at the leading edge. We conclude that fibroblast locomotion
      may be driven coordinately by a common set of motility mechanisms and that this
      coordination may be lost as a result of physical or pharmacological disturbance.
      Taking our evidence with results from other Laboratories, we propose the
      following cytoskeleton functions. (i) Protrusive activity, probably based on
      solation--gelation cycles of the actin based cytoskeleton and membrane recycling
      which provides cellular and membrane components for streaming through the cell
      body to the leading edge; this is Ca++ sensitive but relatively energy
      insensitive. (ii) Constraining activity on the cell membrane and on certain
      organelles to maintain shape and so facilitate directionality and the drawing
      along of the trailing body; this is Ca++ insensitive but relatively energy
      sensitive. (iii) Channeling function of microtubules to direct the flow towards
      multiple foci on the leading edge, and so determine cell polarity. Such a
      mechanism of locomotion for fibroblasts has many features consistent with
      evidence for other cell types, especially amoebae and leukocytes.

PMID- 4039665
TI  - Influence of the polyamine spermine on the organization of cortical filaments in
      isolated cortices of Xenopus laevis eggs.
AB  - Microinjection of spermine into Xenopus laevis eggs induces precocious furrowing,
      and together with known spermine-actin interactions, suggests that spermine may
      be affecting cortical microfilaments involved in cytokinesis. An electron
      microscopic study of injected eggs revealed that the ultrastructure of the
      induced furrows was similar to that of both artificially activated eggs and
      fertilized eggs. In isolated egg cortices, increasing spermine concentrations (1,
      3 and 10 mM) resulted in marked changes in cortical microfilament organization.
      At low concentrations, spermine appeared to stabilize microfilaments and at
      higher concentrations induced lateral associations between filaments and
      formation of bundles. The actin nature of these cortical microfilaments was
      confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The electrophoretic profiles of proteins from
      control and spermine-treated isolated cortices were similar. Although the total
      protein content of isolates in 3 and 10 mM spermine was elevated, the relative
      actin content remained constant. The results are in agreement with previous in
      vitro studies of polyamine interactions with actin and support the hypothesis
      that a polyamine-actin interaction may be important in the regulation of
      cytokinesis.

PMID- 4039666
TI  - An examination of the soluble oligomeric complexes extracted from the red cell
      membrane and their relation to the membrane cytoskeleton.
AB  - A part of the spectrin extracted from red cell membranes at low ionic strength
      occurs in the form of a high-molecular weight oligomeric complex with actin and
      proteins 4.1 and 4.9. When the extraction is performed at 35 degrees, the
      spectrin is present in this complex as the dimer, all higher forms being
      dissociated. We have been unable to establish any correlation between the
      fraction of the spectrin thus complexed and the metabolic state of the cell. At
      least a large part of the complex appears to be a defined monodisperse species,
      sedimenting at 31S. The actin is present as short protofilaments. The average
      number of spectrin molecules associated with each molecule of complex has been
      studied by cytochalasin binding and electron microscopy. The complexes present
      the appearance in the electron microscope of spiders, in which the legs are
      spectrin dimers, attached to a globular element, containing by inference, actin
      and proteins 4.1 and 4.9; they are active in nucleating the polymerization of G
      actin. The complexes are extremely stable, being resistant to dissociation under
      the conditions of the deoxyribonuclease assay, even after treatment with trypsin
      to degrade the actin-associated proteins. It is suggested that the complexes
      represent intact junctions of the membrane cytoskeletal network. Relevant
      structural features of the network are revealed by electron microscopy. The
      results lead to inferences concerning the mechanism of dissociation of the
      network from the membrane.

PMID- 4039667
TI  - Scintigraphic visualisation of Walker carcinoma-256 in Sprague-Dawley rats by
      means of 99mTc-labelled monocytes.
AB  - Labelled macrophages accumulate in Walker carcinosarcoma-256 after 'in vivo' and
      'in vitro' stimulation with a lectin and are therefore theoretically suitable for
      scintigraphic tumour detection. At present, routine application of the technique
      in man is precluded by: the use of PHA, and a labelling method for macrophages
      with considerable limitations to its application and which results in significant
      uptake of activity in liver and spleen. However, the purpose of the study was
      primarily to demonstrate the principle of a possible alternative to the use of
      labelled monoclonal antibodies for the scintigraphic detection of tumours.

PMID- 4039668
TI  - Pharmacological interventions and myocardial infarct size in rat.
AB  - Infarction was produced in male albino rats by left coronary artery ligation and
      infarct size was measured using NBT staining. Imidazole significantly decreased
      the myocardial infarct. The effect did not appear to be mediated through the
      thromboxane synthetase inhibitory property of imidazole because dazoxiben (a
      selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor) failed to produce a similar effect.
      Propranolol pretreatment decreased the infarct size but treatment after coronary
      ligation increased it. Reserpine treatment did not alter the infarct size
      significantly.

PMID- 4039669
TI  - Opposite effects of sulpiride and metoclopramide on amphetamine-induced
      stereotypy.
AB  - The effects of the atypical neuroleptic sulpiride (0-20 mg/kg s.c.) and the
      classical neuroleptic metoclopramide (0-4 mg/kg s.c.) on behaviours produced by D
      amphetamine (0-5 mg/kg i.p.) were measured in a time-sampling observational
      paradigm in rats. Sulpiride had one clear dose-dependent effect: it enhanced
      amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviours (repetitive head movements, sniffing
      down and some gnawing). In contrast, metoclopramide dose-dependently decreased
      amphetamine-induced stereotypy, locomotion, rearing, and sniffing up, and
      concurrently antagonized the suppression of lying down produced by amphetamine.
      Sulpiride's facilitatory effects on amphetamine-induced stereotypy follow a
      pattern previously observed for two other atypical neuroleptics: clozapine and
      thioridazine. This may be a common effect of atypical neuroleptics. Since these
      neuroleptics are antipsychotic, amphetamine-induced stereotypy appears to be a
      poor animal model for human psychoses. It is suggested that sulpiride's effects
      may be mediated through a preferential presynaptic versus postsynaptic action on
      dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal bundle.

PMID- 4039670
TI  - Recovery of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor from its down-regulation in
      cultured smooth muscle.
AB  - The recovery of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR) from its down
      regulation by long-term exposure to ACh was investigated. This was done to obtain
      information about regulation of the mAChR. Exposure of guinea-pig vas deferens to
      30 microM ACh for 24 h decreased the amount of mAChR to 30% of the initial level,
      as measured with L-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB). The amount of mAChR was
      restored to 190% of its prewithdrawal level within 48 h of removal of ACh,
      without change in the KD value for L-[3H]QNB. This restoration was entirely
      dependent on protein synthesis. The half-life of the receptor was calculated to
      be 69 h. The recovery of mAChR was blocked by treatment with antimicrotubular
      agents, carboxylic ionophores, or 5 mM EGTA, which affect membrane protein
      synthesis. However, cytochalasin B and cyclic nucleotide derivatives had no
      effect. These data indicate that the recovery of mAChR was due to new synthesis
      of mAChR. The findings suggested that microtubules and the Golgi apparatus were
      involved in the biosynthesis of mAChR and that extracellular Ca2+ was necessary
      for the synthesis. Unlike the case with nicotinic AChR, the synthesis did not
      seem to be increased by cAMP or high extracellular Ca2+.

PMID- 4039671
TI  - Barbed end-capping protein regulates polarity of actin filaments from the human
      erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - The directional polymerization of G actin on single-layered erythrocyte membranes
      has been examined in the presence or absence of a barbed end-capping protein
      isolated from sea urchin eggs. When in the absence of the capping protein the
      single-layered erythrocyte membranes were incubated with 2 microM of G actin,
      exceeding the critical concentrations, about half of polymerized actin filaments
      became orientated with arrowheads of heavy meromyosin pointing toward the
      membrane at 2 microM of G actin. In contrast, in the presence of the capping
      protein, nearly 90% of the polymerized filaments were directed with arrowheads of
      HMM pointing away from the membranes. Furthermore, only preincubation of the
      erythrocyte membranes with the capping protein is effective to a similar extent
      in regulating the polarity of actin filaments from the membranes. The results
      obtained are discussed particular as regards to the physiological roles of the
      barbed end-capping protein in situ.

PMID- 4039672
TI  - The effect of age on the control of water conservation in the laboratory mouse-
      metabolic studies.
AB  - Age-related changes in the intake of food and water, and the output of faeces and
      urine were investigated in C57BL/Icrfat mice of 6 and 24 months of age. Animals
      were singly housed in a metabolic cage for a period of 30 days. 14 days were
      allowed for acclimatization before the animals were dehydrated for 24 hours. 10
      days of rehydration were allowed prior to a hyperosmotic challenge with 3% sodium
      chloride in the drinking water. The animals were then observed for 5 more days of
      rehydration. Urine was collected and analysed with regard to sodium, potassium,
      urea and vasopressin output/24 hours (/100g body weight), and the osmotic
      pressure of the urine was determined. Data were analysed by a 2 factor analysis
      of variance with repeated measures on one factor. Significant changes were
      detected in the control of body weight, potassium, sodium and urea outputs. No
      age-differences were detected in the intake of food or water, the output of
      faeces or urine, the urine osmotic pressure or the excretion of vasopressin.
      However, significant changes in these variables were detected in both age groups
      on the days of physiological challenge. The conclusion drawn is that in the mouse
      strain studied, and for the period of the lifespan investigated, there is no age
      related defect in the secretion of vasopressin. However, there are trends in the
      data suggesting a decreased responsiveness of the kidney with age.

PMID- 4039673
TI  - Effect of rabbit antimouse brain serum on marrow cells capable of curing W/Wv
      mice.
AB  - The W/Wv mouse has a recessively inherited defect in hematopoietic stem cells
      (HSC) but can be cured of its hematopoietic abnormalities by infusion of marrow
      from a co-isogeneic, +/+ mouse. The "curative" cell for the W/Wv is thought to be
      a subcompartment of the HSC that is capable of forming hematopoietic spleen
      colonies (CFU-S) in irradiated mice. The curative HSC must have a very high
      proliferative potential and it is known that HSC with variable degrees of
      proliferative potential are found within the CFU-S compartment. Rabbit antimouse
      brain serum (RAMBS) was used to treat +/+ marrow and its effect upon CFU-S and
      upon curative cells was compared with the effect of normal rabbit serum (NRS) or
      of sham treatment. CFU-S were reduced to 70%-79% of control by NRS and to 8%-9%
      by RAMBS. Curative cells for the W/Wv were not detectably reduced by NRS; they
      were reduced by RAMBS, but to only approximately 20%-30% of control. Thus, it
      appeared to a certain degree that RAMBS spared HSC with a high proliferative
      potential when compared with its effect on the entire CFU-S compartment.

PMID- 4039674
TI  - Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on pyramidal neurons of the mouse dorsal
      and ventral hippocampus: a quantitative histological analysis.
AB  - The effects of a 9-month period of ethanol consumption (followed by 3 or 6 months
      of withdrawal) on the hippocampus of mice were investigated. Compared with
      control animals, a loss of hippocampal neurons was observed on histological
      sections from ethanol-treated mice. This loss was greater in the ventral
      hippocampus (-18.6% to -18.7%) than in the dorsal hippocampus (-5.2% to -8.5%).
      However, the nucleus diameter, as well as the number of dendritic spines (studied
      using the Golgi-rapid impregnation) of the remaining neurons was not
      significantly affected by chronic ethanol consumption in our experimental
      conditions.

PMID- 4039675
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative changes of mouse cerebellar synapses after chronic
      alcohol consumption and withdrawal.
AB  - For 4 months C57 mice were fed a nutritionally complete diet containing 9%
      alcohol or isocaloric sucrose and killed then or after 4 months recovery on
      standard food pellets. Electron microscopy was used to count synapses among the
      cerebellar Purkinje cell dendrites and a significant 13% reduction was found in
      the alcohol recovery group. The shape of the postsynaptic density material was
      studied and a significant 11% increase in length found in the alcohol group. The
      smaller thickness of the postsynaptic material in animals of the alcohol recovery
      group may be representative of new synaptic formation.

PMID- 4039676
TI  - The extent of the necrotic lesion in the apical end of the rat incisor pulp seen
      after Adriamycin administration.
AB  - The extent of the necrotic lesion produced by adriamycin in the apical end of the
      rat incisor was investigated. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected
      intravenously with adriamycin (5 mg/kg body weight), and sacrificed by perfusion
      with a 2.5% buffered glutaraldehyde solution 1 d after injection. Controls
      injected with only physiological saline were treated in the same manner. One
      micron thick plastic serial sections were prepared from the apical end of the
      incisor, and a schematic representation of the entire lesion as seen in
      longitudinal section was reproduced from each fiftieth section. Cell destruction
      was observed for 2.2 mm within the pulp. The lesion extended further incisally in
      the lingual portion than in the labial portion. The bulbous portion of the
      odontogenic organ was not affected. This study indicates that the cytotoxicity of
      adriamycin appears to affect mainly proliferating immature precursor cells within
      the mesenchyma, and the preodontoblasts.

PMID- 4039677
TI  - Regeneration of axonal endings of neuromuscular junctions of the soleus muscle in
      rats under conditions of hypodynamia.
AB  - The purpose of the experiments performed was morphometric ultrastructural
      evaluation of the regeneration of axonal endings after sectioning of nerves in
      rats kept under conditions of hypodynamia. The investigation indicated a
      retardation of regeneration of the axonal endings of neuromuscular junctions
      after denervation of the soleus muscle in rats kept under conditions of
      hypodynamia as compared with those of the control group. The retarded
      regeneration of the axonal endings of neuromuscular junctions in experimental
      animals as compared with that in the control group may be referred to the above
      mentioned enzymatic and electrolytic disturbances caused by restriction of
      mobility.

PMID- 4039678
TI  - Study of spontaneous rosette formation and changes of sialic acid content in the
      surface glycoproteins of macrophages induced by hamster transplantable melanomas.
AB  - The influence of two kinds of transplantable melanomas on the content of sialic
      acids in the surface glycoproteins of hamster peritoneal macrophages was studied,
      and the ability of these cells to form spontaneous rosettes. It has been found
      that the intensification of rosette formation by macrophages with SRBC depends on
      the melanoma line. No correlation has, however, been found between changes in the
      sialic acids content and the ability of macrophages to form rosettes under the
      influence of melanomas differing in malignancy.

PMID- 4039679
TI  - Influence of age on the carotid bodies of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and
      normotensive rats. II. Alterations of the vascular wall.
AB  - The carotid bodies of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Okamoto-Aoki
      strain and of age-matched normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) were studied with
      respect to their size and the histological appearance of their arterial vessels.
      The animals were aged 3-6 d, and 5-6, 15-20, 30-40 and 50-70 weeks. The
      development of hypertension in the SHR started at an age of 5-6 weeks and was
      fully established at 15-20 weeks (mean systemic arterial blood pressure at about
      160 mm Hg). When compared with the age-matched normotensive control rats (NWR)
      the SHR in the established phase of hypertension showed enlarged carotid bodies,
      an increase of the thickness of the media of the carotid body artery and
      circumscript pad-like thickening of the vascular wall within the carotid bodies.
      Repeatedly in particular in the old SHR, also a hyalinosis of the small branches
      of the glomic artery was found. These pathological changes regularly narrowed the
      lumen of the vessels seized; sometimes to a considerable extent. Such vascular
      alterations were never found in the newborn (3-6 d old) SHR and were also not
      demonstrable in the NWR. Thus these vascular alterations in the carotid body
      vessels of the adult SHR are supposed to be the result of the high systemic
      arterial blood pressure. The data indicate that long-lasting high systemic
      arterial blood pressure leads to changes of the wall of the arterial vessels of
      the carotid and presumably also the aortic bodies thus inducing an ischemic
      hypoxia of the specific chemoreceptive tissue and a chronic stimulation of the
      arterial chemoreceptors.

PMID- 4039680
TI  - Ultrastructural morphometry of cultivated smooth muscle cells from normotensive
      and hypertensive rats.
AB  - Cultivated aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) derived from normotensive and
      hypertensive rats were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and
      ultrastructural morphometry. SMC cultures obtained from hypertensive rats showed
      an increase in cell size and a higher percentage of large, often polynuclear
      cells. The stereological data of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
      and secondary lysosomes were determined by measuring area according to the
      "Delesse principle". The organelle contents of small and large cells of each
      group were only slightly different. Significant changes were found between SMC
      from normotensive and hypertensive rats: The volume density Vv of mitochondria
      per unit cytoplasm volume was increased up to 48% in small and 50% in large SMC
      from hypertensive rats compared to those of control animals. The numerical
      density Nv of secondary lysosomes per unit cytoplasm volume was increased up to
      68% in small and 267% in large SMC from hypertensive rats. The content of rough
      endoplasmic reticulum varied tremendously between the individual cells. All these
      stereological data represent relative parameters of cell organelles relative to
      the unit cytoplasm volume. Therefore the differences between the absolute values
      would be even higher since SMC from hypertensive rats are shown to have a higher
      mean cell size and volume. We conclude that the effect of experimental
      hypertension, resulting in an activation of SMC, persists even when the cells are
      transferred to in vitro conditions.

PMID- 4039681
TI  - Wound-induced alterations in survival of 60Co irradiated mice: importance of
      wound timing.
AB  - Wounding mice shortly before or shortly after lethal 60Co irradiation enhances
      survival. Survival of wounded-irradiated mice may be due to enhanced
      hematopoietic recovery as measured by endogenous spleen colony (E-CFU-s)
      formation.

PMID- 4039682
TI  - Intergeneric interactions between Eimeria separata (Apicomplexa) and
      Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda) in the rat.
AB  - Ova production in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected rats was significantly
      greater than in rats singly infected with the helminth when Eimeria separata
      infections were introduced 4, 6 and 11 days postinoculation with N. brasiliensis.
      Patent periods were unaltered during concurrent infections. These results suggest
      that the presence of E. separata affects helminth fecundity but does not increase
      N. brasiliensis longevity as has been shown with E. nieschulzi.

PMID- 4039683
TI  - Dephosphorylation suppresses the activity of neurofilament to promote tubulin
      polymerization.
AB  - The phosphate content of neurofilament was diminished by half, from 49.4 to 22.9
      nmol/mg, by treatment with alkaline phosphatase. Dephosphorylation decreased the
      activity of neurofilament to promote tubulin assembly. This suppression was
      supposed to be mainly due to dephosphorylation of the 200 kDa subunit of
      neurofilament. Dephosphorylation of the isolated 200 kDa subunit caused
      suppression of its activity to promote tubulin polymerization. These results
      suggest that changes in the phosphate content modulate interaction of
      neurofilament with tubulin.

PMID- 4039684
TI  - Purification of antineoplastic factor from eggs of a sea hare.
AB  - An antineoplastic factor inducing tumor lysis was purified to apparent
      homogeneity from the supernatant of a homogenate of eggs of the sea hare Aplysia
      kurodai. On gel filtration, the purified substance gave a single band of material
      of 250 kDa containing 3 different subunits and this band coincided with cytolytic
      activity. The purified factor was half-maximally active at 10-60 ng protein/ml
      and lysed all tumor cells tested, but not normal cells.

PMID- 4039685
TI  - [Dynamics of the induction of experimental neuroses caused by chronic emotional
      stress].

PMID- 4039686
TI  - [Changes in blood monoamine and 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels in rats under the
      action of stress].

PMID- 4039688
TI  - [Infraslow activity and temperature of the brain during tests with emotional
      tension].
AB  - Infraslow electrical activity and brain temperature were recorded with implanted
      electrodes and differential thermocouples in rabbits. Stimulation of gyrus
      cinguli increased the amplitude of infraslow activity and reduced its frequency.
      Stimulation of the hypothalamus entailed both changes of the infraslow activity
      and raise of the brain temperature. The effects of stimulation were altered after
      administration of antihypoxants.

PMID- 4039687
TI  - [Biotransformation of prostaglandin E1, bradykinin and angiotensin I in pulmonary
      circulation in rats with spontaneous hypertension].

PMID- 4039689
TI  - Ontogenic development of proliferative and polyclonal antibody and autoantibody
      responses to staphylococcal peptidoglycan, protein A and cell walls in mice.
AB  - In the spleens of newborn mice, polyclonal IgM, IgG and IgA responses were low to
      protein A, cell walls (CW) and PWM, intermediate to peptidoglycan (PG), and high
      to LPS. Small, not significant increases in Ig responses to LPS (which occurred
      during the first 2 wks) were observed, whereas, the responses to PG, protein A,
      CW and PWM continued to increase for 8 wks, and the increases were high and
      significant. In most cases, there was no change in the dose response and kinetics
      patterns (characteristic for each stimulant) during ontogeny. Ontogenic
      development of autoantibody-secreting cells was different from the development of
      cells secreting all Ig and anti-SRBC antibodies. The increases in the numbers of
      cells secreting IgM anti-DNA and IgM anti-bromelin-treated mouse RBC antibodies
      in response to LPS and PG during postnatal development were larger than the
      increases of all IgM-secreting cells. In contrast, the increases of IgM anti-DNA
      secreting cells in response to protein A and PWM were smaller than the increases
      of all IgM-secreting cells. The frequencies of cells secreting anti-DNA
      antibodies in LPS- and PG-stimulated cultures were low in newborns and continued
      to increase until 8 wks of age, but they were high and did not change throughout
      ontogeny in protein A-stimulated cultures. Changes in the frequencies of anti-RBC
      antibody-secreting cells were less distinct and mostly insignificant. Postnatal
      changes in mitogenic responses were smaller and not correlated with the
      development of polyclonal Ig responses. Our data indicate different modes of
      ontogenic development of the ability of cells to produce polyclonal Ig,
      autoantibodies and heteroantibodies, and to synthesize DNA, in response to
      different stimulants.

PMID- 4039690
TI  - Spatial changes in poly(A) concentrations during early embryogenesis in Xenopus
      laevis: analysis by in situ hybridization.
AB  - The dorsal-ventral axis of the Xenopus embryo is approximately determined by the
      point of sperm entry, which occurs randomly about the animal-vegetal axis of the
      egg. Two cytoplasmic components were studied whose spatial arrangements and local
      concentration patterns appear to reflect the forming dorsal-ventral axis. First,
      three-dimensional maps depicting the rearrangements of different size classes of
      yolk platelets were reconstructed from serial sections. These maps provide
      information on the time when movements occur and the intracellular directions and
      distances components can travel within the early embryo. Second, local poly(A)
      concentrations were observed using a [3H]poly(U) in situ hybridization probe.
      Poly(A) concentrations were observed to change reproducibly from fertilization to
      late cleavage. Two cytoplasmic areas were found to undergo major, stage-specific
      increases in poly(A) concentration.

PMID- 4039691
TI  - Analysis of sea urchin egg cortical transformation in the absence of cortical
      granule exocytosis.
AB  - A burst of endocytosis accompanying microvillar elongation follows cortical
      granule exocytosis in normal sea urchin development. By 5 min postfertilization
      the burst is over and a lower level of endocytosis ensues (constitutive phase).
      To determine whether microvillar elongation and initiation of endocytosis are
      necessary concommitants of cortical granule exocytosis we utilized Chase's (1967,
      Ph.D. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle) high-hydrostatic pressure
      technique to block the latter and then examined developing eggs for endocytosis
      and microvillar elongation. To accomplish this, eggs were fertilized, after which
      hydrostatic pressure was quickly raised to 6000-7000 psi at the start of cortical
      granule exocytosis and maintained for 5 min. Only the cortical granules
      immediately surrounding the sperm penetration site were secreted (about 3% or
      less of the egg's total number of cortical granules). Blockage of major cortical
      granule exocytosis had the following consequences on surface events during first
      division: (1) The endocytosis burst normally associated with cortical granule
      exocytosis was effectively eliminated as was early microvillar elongation and
      elevation. Both occurred to a limited extent around the sperm penetration site
      which resulted in a highly localized surface transformation. (2) By 20 min after
      fertilization endocytosis began over the rest of the egg surface in the absence
      of any further cortical granule exocytosis. (3) Subsequently, during a 30-min
      period starting midway between fertilization and first cleavage microvilli more
      than doubled in length and endocytosis levels increased severalfold. These events
      brought about a complete surface transformation similar to that which normally
      occurs in early development but in the absence of cortical granule exocytosis. By
      first cleavage surfaces and cortices of high-pressure-treated and control eggs
      were nearly indistinguishable except for the presence of cortical granules in
      cortices of the former. Pressure-treated eggs cleaved normally and developed to
      larval forms overnight. The period of late surface transformation in high
      pressure-treated Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs corresponds in timing and
      some of its characteristics to second phase microvillar elongation observed in
      normal development in this species and also in S. droebachiensis development.
      These observations suggest, therefore, that microvillar elongation and
      endocytosis are necessary membrane remodelling events which must occur for normal
      development even in the absence of membrane addition from the cortical granules.

PMID- 4039692
TI  - Effect of 1-desoxynojirimycin derivatives on small intestinal disaccharidase
      activities and on active transport in vitro.
AB  - The influence of two new 1-desoxynojirimycin derivatives, BAY m 1099 and BAY o
      1248, on rat small intestinal disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase, isomaltase,
      glucoamylase, lactase, trehalase) and alkaline phosphatase activity has been
      investigated in vitro. Both compounds are very potent alpha-glucosidase
      inhibitors. Tested in the range of 0.1-5.0 micrograms/ml, inhibition is strongest
      on sucrase (up to 97.1%) and glucoamylase (up to 96.7%). BAY m 1099 also reduced
      (up to 56.4%) beta-galactosidase (lactase) activity. For both inhibitors a
      competitive type of sucrase inhibition was demonstrated (Lineweaver-Burk plot).
      Affinity versus sucrase was unusually tight. The Ki of BAY m 1099 versus sucrase
      amounted to 1.14 x 10(-7) M and of BAY o 1248 to 6.92 X 10(-8) M (Dixon plot).
      Both inhibitors did not impair active transport of L-leucine or methyl-alpha-D
      glucoside into everted rings of rat jejunum in vitro.

PMID- 4039693
TI  - Effect of deoxycholic acid on the tumour incidence, distribution, and receptor
      status of colorectal cancer in the rat model.
AB  - It has previously been observed that 25% of human colorectal cancers contain
      specific receptors to deoxycholic acid (DCA). In the present study, the effect of
      intrarectal instillation of DCA on tumour number, distribution, size, and DCA
      receptor status was measured in rats receiving the colorectal carcinogen,
      azoxymethane. Rats treated with azoxymethane and intrarectal DCA developed
      significantly more colorectal cancers than rats receiving azoxymethane and
      intrarectal saline (median 11.5, range 8-17 vs. median 6.0, range 3-9
      tumours/rat, respectively, p less than 0.01). This reflected a significantly
      higher number of tumours in the distal colon of the DCA-treated group (median
      8.0, range 5-10 tumours/rat) compared to the saline-treated group (p less than
      0.01). In those rats receiving DCA and azoxymethane, 5 of 12 tumours tested were
      found to be DCA receptor-positive, compared with only 1 of 11 in the saline and
      azoxymethane group. These results confirm the belief that DCA acts as a tumour
      promoter, and suggest a possible role for DCA receptors.

PMID- 4039694
TI  - Oral form of acyclovir approved.

PMID- 4039695
TI  - Chronic ethanol consumption alters rat liver plasma membranes and potentiates
      release of alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate possible mechanisms involved in the
      elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity in alcoholics. Male Sprague
      Dawley rats were pair-fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing ethanol
      as 36% of energy or an isocaloric amount of carbohydrate for 4-5 wk. Serum
      alkaline phosphatase activity was increased moderately but significantly.
      Hepatocytes isolated from ethanol-fed animals exhibited pronounced morphologic
      alterations of their plasma membranes by scanning electron microscopy and a
      reduced content of alkaline phosphatase despite an increase in total liver
      alkaline phosphatase content. Chronic ethanol feeding also potentiated the
      release of alkaline phosphatase from the cells during incubation with 50 mM
      ethanol. Furthermore, chronic ethanol feeding resulted in reduced recovery of
      alkaline phosphatase in hepatic plasma membranes isolated by sucrose gradient
      centrifugation but did not affect the recoveries of other plasma membrane markers
      (5'-nucleotidase and Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase) nor the subcellular
      distribution of alkaline phosphatase in the nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal,
      and cytosolic fractions. These findings suggest that the increased serum alkaline
      phosphatase levels observed in response to chronic ethanol feeding may be due, at
      least in part, to increased lability of this plasma membrane enzyme.

PMID- 4039696
TI  - Milk- and soy protein-induced enterocolitis: evidence for lymphocyte
      sensitization to specific food proteins.
AB  - Stimulation ( [3H]thymidine incorporation) of blood lymphocytes cultured with
      food proteins was evaluated in infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis
      and correlated with the results of oral diagnostic challenges with the same foods
      (soy, cow's milk, and egg white). The geometric mean stimulation index for
      lymphocytes from patients with positive oral soy protein challenge that were
      cultured with soy protein was 8.5, and for patients with positive cow's milk
      challenge the stimulation index was 6.0 when casein was used in the cultures.
      Both values are significantly different from the values obtained from patients
      with negative oral challenges (p less than 0.01). The enhanced lymphocyte
      responses were specific for the food proteins responsible for clinical symptoms.
      It is not clear whether these lymphocyte responses are due to systemic
      immunization secondary to macromolecular absorption, or to an abnormality in
      immune regulation such as a delay in the development of oral tolerance
      mechanisms. They suggest, however, that circulating lymphocytes sensitive to the
      food antigens that produce the clinical symptoms are frequent in infants with
      this discrete form of food protein hypersensitivity.

PMID- 4039697
TI  - Parental influences on X chromosome expression.

PMID- 4039698
TI  - [Importance of the localization of the photocoagulation focus in the therapy of
      proliferative diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 4039699
TI  - [Bronchial cancer: possibilities and limits of chemotherapy. 2: Non-small cell
      bronchial cancer].

PMID- 4039700
TI  - [Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with extensive myocardial fibrosis: case
      report with autopsy].
AB  - An autopsy case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with extensive
      myocardial fibrosis is reported in a 43-year-old male. His mother died suddenly
      at 55. At the age of 39 the patient felt fatigue and feverish sensation followed
      by dyspnea and palpitation on exertion. He responded to beta-blocker and was
      discharged on the 51st hospital day. He died suddenly during his work three years
      and one month after discharge. The heart weighs 700 g. The thickness of the
      ventricular septum measures up to 3.2 cm, and that of the left ventricular
      posterior wall 2.2 cm. Subaortic endocardium is moderately thickened. Many patchy
      fibroses of various sizes and broad linear fibroses are mainly observed in the
      ventricular septum and in the left ventricular free wall. Microscopic examination
      shows severe fascicular disarray of hypertrophied myocardial fibers in the
      ventricular septum and in a part of the left ventricular anterior wall.
      Pericardial fibrosis, granulation tissue with many capillaries, and slight
      lymphocytic infiltrate are also noted. These findings suggest that the patient
      have both congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. There are
      following possibilities as regards the relation between the two: first, haphazard
      association of cardiomyopathy with myocarditis; secondly, myocarditis triggered
      the onset or progression, or both, of cardiomyopathy. He also had liver
      cirrhosis, probably alcoholic, which appears to accelerate the progression of
      myocardial disarray and fibrosis.

PMID- 4039701
TI  - Histogenesis of post-mastectomy angiosarcoma--an ultrastructural study.
AB  - An example of post-mastectomy angiosarcoma was studied by electron microscopy to
      determine its histogenesis. Unequivocal evidence of endothelial differentiation
      was found in well and poorly differentiated areas. Positive staining for factor
      VIII related antigen and negative staining for epithelial membrane antigen
      further confirmed that the tumour was a true angiosarcoma rather than a peculiar
      form of carcinomatous metastasis.

PMID- 4039702
TI  - Under PPS, stringent controls needed in operating room.

PMID- 4039703
TI  - A new hereditary single band variant of the Gc system.
AB  - A new single band variant (Gc Ar) or the Gc subtypes not identical with the known
      Gc variants has been detected in the plasma of a healthy blood donor by
      isoelectric focusing. Using this technique the variant is represented by a single
      band which has a similar isoelectric point to the Gc 1C2 anodal band. It is well
      known that the single band Gc phenotypes remain unaltered after neuraminidase
      treatment. Nevertheless, the new single band variant (Gc Ar) is altered after
      neuraminidase treatment as is Gc 2A3. After neuraminidase treatment, the Gc Ar
      band is affected and moved to the nearby position of the Gc 2 band. Investigation
      of the proband's family shows that the variant occurs combined with the common
      alleles Gc 1F, Gc 1S and that it has an autosomal dominant inheritance.

PMID- 4039704
TI  - Effect of prostaglandins on immune complex interaction with glomerular cells in
      vitro.
AB  - Previous studies demonstrated that prostaglandins of the E1 (PGE1) series reduced
      immune complex (IC) accumulation and inflammation in murine glomeruli in IC
      glomerulonephritis (GN). This study examines the effect of PGE1 on IC interaction
      with cultured rabbit glomerular cells and heparan sulfate synthesis by the cells.
      IC were formed with antigen chemically modified to produce a cationic (CAT)
      charge or left unmodified (UM). CAT IC binding to cells was greater than UM IC in
      the absence of PGE1. CAT IC binding to cells was increased by PGE1 while UM IC
      interaction was not affected. Prolonged exposure of cells to PGE1 enhanced CAT IC
      binding. Heparan sulfate synthesis by the cells was not affected by the
      concentrations of PGE1 employed. The findings suggest the benefit provided by
      PGE1 in murine IC GN may not be due to a direct effect on glomerular cells which
      reduces glomerular IC accumulation.

PMID- 4039705
TI  - Inhibition of serum bactericidal reaction by lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - An Rc-mutant of Escherichia coli that lacks UDPgalactose 4-epimerase grows
      normally without galactose but makes lipopolysaccharide lacking most of its
      carbohydrate. Exogenous galactose overrides the mutation and results in the
      formation of a complete lipopolysaccharide, thereby producing a smooth phenocopy.
      The smooth phenocopy was much more resistant to the bactericidal activity of
      normal human serum than was the rough phenotype. More complement was utilized by
      the rough mutant in the bactericidal process than by the smooth phenocopy. An
      antiserum was prepared in rabbits to a specific outer membrane protein in the
      mutant bacterium, the lambda receptor, whose expression could be suppressed by
      the addition of 10 mM maltose. The effect of the O-antigen in the
      lipopolysaccharide produced by the smooth phenocopy on the binding of antibody to
      the lambda receptor was determined. The smooth phenocopy exhibited significantly
      less binding of antibody than did the rough phenocopy. In addition, expression of
      the lambda receptor had little effect on the binding of antibody to the lambda
      receptor in the smooth phenocopy but caused significantly increased binding in
      the rough mutant. The results suggest that the increased resistance to the lethal
      action of normal human serum shown by the smooth phenocopy may be due to the
      blocking of antibody binding sites by the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide,
      thereby preventing activation of the classical pathway of complement.

PMID- 4039706
TI  - Cardiovascular implications of strenuous exercise.

PMID- 4039707
TI  - Hepatic microsomal alterations during Dipetalonema viteae infection in Mastomys
      natalensis.

PMID- 4039708
TI  - Adoptive transfer of immunity to Trichinella spiralis in mice: generation of
      effective cells by different life cycle stages.

PMID- 4039709
TI  - Gametogenesis in Plasmodium; the inhibitory effects of anticytoskeletal agents.

PMID- 4039710
TI  - [Dietary methionine supplementation in the pregnant rat. 1. Food intake of the
      dam and body weight of the newborn offspring].
AB  - A decrease from 18 to 9% of the dietary casein level induces lower food intake in
      the gestating female rat and weight loss in the newborn rat. Addition of
      methionine to the diet containing 9% casein improves food intake in the last
      period of pregnancy. Body weight of the newborn rat is also increased and becomes
      identical to that of rats born from mothers fed 18% dietary casein.

PMID- 4039712
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein in
      developing normal and RCS rat retinas.
AB  - Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) was localized
      immunocytochemically in developing normal and RCS rat retinas. IRBP was present
      in normal and RCS neural retinas on the day after birth (postnatal day 2, P2) to
      P8 in the space between the neuroblastic layer and the retinal pigment epithelium
      (RPE). The presence of IRBP prior to the development of outer segments (OS)
      suggests that OS formation is not linked temporally with IRBP secretion. On P10,
      staining was confined to the interphotoreceptor space with an intense band of
      label adjacent to the RPE. This staining pattern persisted in normal rats
      throughout development and until P18 in RCS rats. On P18, anti-IRBP staining in
      the RCS was spread evenly throughout the OS layer with no intense band of label
      adjacent to the RPE and after P18, there was decreased staining with anti-IRBP.
      On P45 and later, no staining of the RCS retina was found with anti-IRBP.
      Immunoblots of normal and RCS retinas corroborated the results from
      immunocytochemical staining. These findings suggest that IRBP may be synthesized
      in the photoreceptors, but is not abnormal in amount or distribution prior to
      onset of retinal degeneration in the RCS rat.

PMID- 4039711
TI  - Vitamin A and interstitial retinol-binding protein in an eye with recessive
      retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - The composition and amount of vitamin A stored in the retinal pigment epithelium
      and choroid (RPE-Ch) was evaluated in postmortem donor eyes from a patient with
      retinitis pigmentosa that was probably inherited by an autosomal recessive mode.
      Additionally, the soluble proteins in the neural retina and RPE-Ch cytosols and
      interphotoreceptor matrix were examined collectively for the presence of
      interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP). Although there was depletion of the
      amount of vitamin A stored in the RPE, this was commensurate with the
      histopathologic findings on the RPE extent and thickness. No evidence was found
      for an accumulation of free retinol. Nearly all of the vitamin A stored in the
      RPE was esterified. As in normal eyes, the retinyl esters consisted mainly of
      palmitate mixed with a small proportion of stearate. Eleven-cis retinyl esters
      were present, although their proportion was lower than that reported for normals.
      IRBP could not be detected in stained gels of the soluble proteins, or by
      autoradiography of these gels after treatment with 125I-concanavalin A. These
      findings suggest that depletion of stored vitamin A, accumulation of free
      retinol, or deficiency of 11-cis isomer are unlikely to be causative factors in
      the retinal degeneration examined here. Although the depletion of IRBP seen at
      this advanced stage might be secondary to the advanced loss of photoreceptors,
      the authors cannot rule out the possibility that a relative deficiency or
      abnormality in this protein at earlier disease stages may contribute to the
      pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa.

PMID- 4039713
TI  - Chaulmoogra oil.

PMID- 4039714
TI  - X-linked bulbo-spinal neuronopathy of late onset: sporadic case.
AB  - We describe a sporadic case of a rare form of X-linked bulbo-spinal neuronopathy
      (BSN) of late onset. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing the
      sporadic cases of this X-recessive disease for genetic counselling.

PMID- 4039715
TI  - [Ichthyosis hystrix with parakeratosis in the form of cornoid lamellae].
AB  - We report on a keratinization disorder in four brothers in a family in which
      members had been affected in three generations. Clinical signs and genetic,
      histopathologic, autoradiographic and ultrastructural examinations all support
      the diagnosis of hystrixlike, proliferative ichthyosis with cornoid lamellae and
      autosomal dominant inheritance. The relationship of the disorder to other
      hystrixlike genetic keratinization disorders is discussed.

PMID- 4039716
TI  - Study of trace amounts of U in snuff.

PMID- 4039717
TI  - Mycotic keratitis in a dog: concurrent Aspergillus sp and Curvularia sp
      infections.
AB  - A dog with exposure keratopathy developed secondary bilateral keratitis from
      which Aspergillus sp and Curvularia sp were identified. Mycotic keratitis, while
      rare in the dog, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of keratitis.

PMID- 4039719
TI  - A case of Capgras delusion presenting as a postpartum psychosis.
AB  - A case is reported of Capgras syndrome arising as the major symptomatologic
      manifestation of a postpartum psychosis. Other diagnostic investigations have
      called into question the most recent etiopathogenetic interpretations which
      preclude the concomitant existence of an organic disorder, previously held to be
      a precondition for the development of Capgras syndrome.

PMID- 4039718
TI  - Alterations of testicular function induced by hyperprolactinemia in the rat.
AB  - The effects of hyperprolactinemia on testicular structure and pituitary-gonadal
      function were investigated in male rats. Hyperprolactinemia was induced in the
      Wistar-Furth rat by implantation of tissue fragments of a prolactin-secreting
      MtTW15 pituitary adenoma. The MtTW15 tissue was maintained in one animal group
      for 27 days (group A) and in another group for 37 days (group B). Appropriate age
      matched controls were utilized in each study. Serum prolactin was significantly
      elevated (P less than 0.001) in both groups of MtTW15-bearing rats compared with
      their controls. The degree of hyperprolactinemia was more severe in rats of group
      B (2842 +/- 546 ng/ml) than in rats of group A (367 +/- 38 ng/ml). Accessory sex
      organ weights in group B rats were significantly lower than in controls, but were
      apparently unaffected in group A rats. Hyperprolactinemia induced definite but
      variable testicular alterations in both animal groups that presented as
      seminiferous epithelial disorganization, germ cell exfoliation, increased tubule
      wall thickness, and abnormal Leydig cell lipid content. Electron microscopy
      revealed structural disruption of Sertoli-germ cell junctional complexes and
      apical Sertoli cell cytoplasmic degeneration. The hyperprolactinemic rat
      exhibited significant reductions in serum luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone
      (T), and androgen binding protein (ABP) when compared with controls. Eighty-six
      days following surgical removal of the MtTW15 tissue in a subgroup of group B
      rats, serum levels of prolactin and LH returned to normal, as did weights of
      accessory sex organs and testicular morphology. These results indicate that
      exposure to the MtTW15 adenoma and its later removal in the rat provides a
      workable model for studying the effects of hyperprolactinemia on testicular
      structure and function, and for identifying events involved in the subsequent
      recovery of spermatogenic disruption.

PMID- 4039720
TI  - Three-dimensional image analysis of the complex of thin filaments and myosin
      molecules from skeletal muscle. IV. Reconstitution from minimal- and high-dose
      images of the actin-tropomyosin-myosin subfragment-1 complex.
AB  - Three-dimensional images of the actin-tropomyosin-myosin subfragment-1 (S1)
      complex were reconstituted from both minimal- and high-dose electron micrographs
      by using a conventional reconstruction technique. Higher resolution (1/15 A-1)
      than those of the previous reconstructions was attained. A multi-domain structure
      similar to that of the actin-S1 complex described in the previous paper (1) was
      observed and a ne diagram of the multi-domain structure of the actin-tropomyosin
      S1 complex is presented. The shape of S1 molecules in the rigor complex was
      clearly resolved. In a view perpendicular to the filament axis, S1 had an axially
      bent profile; only the tail portion, which was thin but was not small in
      diameter, was steeply inclined. These features were more prominent in the model
      from minimal-dose images than that from high-dose images.

PMID- 4039721
TI  - Three-dimensional image analysis of the complex of thin filaments and myosin
      molecules from skeletal muscle. V. Assignment of actin in the actin-tropomyosin
      myosin subfragment-1 complex.
AB  - To assign the actin molecule in the three-dimensional image of the actin
      tropomyosin-myosin subfragment-1 (actin-TM-S1) complex, the three-dimensional
      image of the actin-tropomyosin complex was correlated to that of actin-TM-S1. To
      assess the similarity of two structures in a quantitative manner, we used a
      normalized cross-correlation function ("similarity function"). The calculation of
      similarity indicated that domain A and domain B defined in (1, 2) correspond to
      actin-tropomyosin. This assignment indicates that one S1 molecule strongly
      interacts with only one actin molecule, but at least two regions of S1 contribute
      to the binding. Comparison of the reconstituted models of thin filaments with
      those of decorated thin filaments suggested a change in the shape of the actin
      molecule.

PMID- 4039722
TI  - Electrostatic deformation of DNA by a DNA-binding protein.
AB  - Complementary electrostatic interactions between negatively charged B-DNA and a
      positively charged array on the lambda Cro repressor protein are shown to
      substantially contribute to the formation energy of sequence-specific and
      nonspecific Cro-DNA complexes. The electrostatic interactions favor Cro binding
      to a bent form of DNA, a geometry which optimizes hydrogen-bonding contacts
      between Cro and exposed base pair groups in the DNA major groove.

PMID- 4039723
TI  - Selective regulation of carboxypeptidase peptide hormone-processing enzyme during
      enkephalin biosynthesis in cultured bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells.
AB  - Bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells in culture were incubated with reserpine
      or forskolin, two agents acting through different mechanisms, which increase
      cellular [Met]enkephalin levels by 2-fold after 72 h. Cells were harvested and
      chromaffin granules were purified on a linear sucrose gradient. After reserpine
      treatment, carboxypeptidase-processing enzyme specific activity in chromaffin
      granule fractions was stimulated 1.9-fold, and Co2+-stimulated carboxypeptidase
      specific activity was stimulated 3-fold. The increase in enzyme activity was
      dependent on the time of reserpine treatment. Forskolin, on the other hand, had
      no significant effect on carboxypeptidase activity. The differential effects of
      reserpine and forskolin suggest that the carboxypeptidase-processing enzyme may
      be selectively regulated during periods of elevated enkephalin formation. Kinetic
      studies revealed that in cells exposed to reserpine, the Km value for
      [Met]enkephalin-Arg6 for the Co2+-stimulated carboxypeptidase activity was
      lowered to 0.136 from 0.447 mM, but there was no change in the Km values of the
      non-Co2+-stimulated carboxypeptidase activity from reserpine and control groups.
      Cellular levels of immunoreactive carboxypeptidase-processing enzyme, measured by
      a radioimmunoassay method, were not altered after reserpine treatment. These data
      suggest that while the total number of carboxypeptidase enzyme molecules remained
      constant, there may be a conversion of existing enzyme molecules to a more active
      form which displays a higher affinity for [Met]enkephalin-Arg6 in the presence of
      Co2+.

PMID- 4039724
TI  - Inhibition of testicular cytochrome P-450-dependent steroid biosynthesis by cis
      platinum. Reversal by human chorionic gonadotropin.
AB  - The treatment of rats with cis-platinum for 7 days caused a profound, and
      seemingly selective, decrease (70-80%) in the microsomal cytochrome P-450 levels
      in the testis. This decrease was accompanied by marked reductions (70-80%) in
      steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity and in plasma testosterone concentration.
      The treatment of rats with human chorionic gonadotropin partially restored the
      cytochrome P-450 concentration and 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity and permitted
      the plasma testosterone level to approach control values. The effect of cis
      platinum on the testicular cytochrome P-450 appeared unrelated to deficiencies in
      heme metabolic processes, in so far that neither was the activity of delta
      aminolevulinate synthetase decreased, nor was that of heme oxygenase increased.
      These enzymes are rate-limiting in heme biosynthesis and degradation pathways,
      respectively. Also, the activities of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase, delta
      aminolevulinate dehydratase, and ferrochelatase and the concentration of total
      porphyrins in the testis remained unchanged. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel
      electrophoresis of the microsomal preparation did not reveal a diminished level
      of apocytochrome; however, in this preparation, heme could not be detected in
      molecular weight regions corresponding to cytochrome P-450. The microsomal
      cytochrome b5 and the mitochondrial heme concentrations were not decreased in cis
      platinum-treated rats. It is suggested that the mechanism of depletive action of
      cis-platinum on microsomal cytochrome P-450 involves an impairment of the
      effective assembly of heme and apoprotein moieties. It is further suggested that
      the anterior pituitary hormones control the factor(s) involved in this assembly,
      a process which is interrupted by cis-platinum.

PMID- 4039725
TI  - Coordinate expression of ribosomal protein mRNAs following auxin treatment of
      soybean hypocotyls.
AB  - Nine recombinant plasmids containing soybean (Glycine max. var. Wayne) ribosomal
      protein mRNA sequences were identified by hybrid selection-translation followed
      by gel electrophoresis. Individual plasmids were used to determine the amount of
      ribosomal protein mRNA in soybean hypocotyls at various times after application
      of the synthetic auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid. Results from these
      experiments indicate that the relative abundance of ribosomal protein mRNAs
      increases 3-8-fold within 24 hr of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid application.
      Earlier in vitro translation data (Gantt, J. S., and Key, J. L. (1983)
      Biochemistry 22, 4131-4139) also indicated that the ribosomal protein message
      levels increase following treatment with auxin. However, the two methods of
      quantifying mRNA lead to significantly different values for the amount of
      induction for three ribosomal protein mRNAs. The cause of these differences is
      not known. An increase in the level of the ribosomal protein mRNAs can be
      detected 1 h after treatment with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid. The similar
      kinetics of induction of these messages suggests that their levels are
      coordinately regulated.

PMID- 4039726
TI  - Induction of fibrinolytic activity in HeLa cells by phorbol myristate acetate.
      Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and mRNA augmentation require
      intermediate protein biosynthesis.
AB  - The highly increased fibrinolytic activity of HeLa cells, treated with the tumor
      promoting phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), correlates with equally
      increased levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen in the
      conditioned media of these cells and concomitantly increased steady state levels
      of t-PA-specific mRNA. The effect of PMA on t-PA mRNA levels is completely
      blocked by pretreatment of the cells with the inhibitor of translation,
      cycloheximide, indicating that it requires the biosynthesis of at least one
      protein intermediate. In contrast, mRNA of the oncogene product c-myc can be
      induced for a brief period immediately following serum starvation in the presence
      and absence of PMA, and in the presence of cycloheximide. Our results suggest
      that increased t-PA biosynthesis in HeLa cells, probably through an increased
      rate of translation of the t-PA gene, forms part of the "late" events of the
      pleiotropic response to tumor promoters.

PMID- 4039727
TI  - Active site-directed photoaffinity labeling and partial characterization of
      oligosaccharyltransferase.
AB  - Oligosaccharyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the
      oligosaccharide chain of dolichol-P-P-GlcNAc2Man9Glc3 to asparagine residues in 
      Asn-X-Thr/Ser- sites within polypeptides, has been radiolabeled using a
      photoactivatable azido tripeptide acceptor, N alpha-[3H]Ac-Asn-Lys(N epsilon-p
      azidobenzoyl)-Thr-NH2. As determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, the molecular mass of the oligosaccharyltransferase polypeptide
      from hen oviduct microsomes is 60 kDa. Radiolabeling of the 60-kDa polypeptide
      was completely dependent upon photolysis of hen oviduct endoplasmic reticulum
      preparations in the presence of the azido peptide and Mn2+, which is required for
      enzymatic activity. Labeling of the enzyme was not inhibited in the presence of a
      10-fold excess of the nonacceptor peptides, unacetylated Asn-Lys(N epsilon-p
      azidobenzoyl)-Thr-NH2 or unacetylated Asn-Leu-Thr-NH2, whereas it was completely
      abolished by the presence of a 10-fold excess of the competing acceptor peptide,
      N alpha-Bz-Asn-Leu-Thr-NH2. Thermal inactivation of oligosaccharyltransferase was
      achieved by heating endoplasmic reticulum preparations to 60 degrees C. This loss
      of enzyme activity at 60 degrees C paralleled a comparable decrease in
      radiolabeling of the 60-kDa polypeptide, whereas temperatures of 50 degrees C and
      lower had no effect on either process. Oligosaccharyltransferase itself may be an
      N-linked glycoprotein, because the 60-kDa radiolabeled polypeptide binds to
      concanavalin A-agarose and is susceptible to digestion by beta-endohexosaminidase
      H.

PMID- 4039728
TI  - The primary structure of rat liver cellular retinol-binding protein.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of a cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) has
      been determined for the first time. The primary structure of rat liver CRBP was
      elucidated by analyses of cyanogen bromide fragments and peptides obtained by
      tryptic and thermolytic digestions. The single polypeptide chain of rat CRBP
      consists of 134 amino acid residues. Under reducing conditions, CRBP exists as a
      monomer, but, in the absence of reducing agents, dimers and multimers of the
      protein emerge. This is explained by the observation that CRBP contains 3
      cysteines, one of which seems to be highly reactive. Whether CRBP contains a
      disulfide bond is not yet established. The present data extend the previously
      described homology between CRBP and a family of low molecular weight proteins,
      all members of which may bind hydrophobic ligands. Since some of these proteins
      apparently display intracellular transport functions, a similar role for CRBP is
      envisaged.

PMID- 4039730
TI  - Chromatographic analysis of choline and acetylcholine by UV visualization.

PMID- 4039729
TI  - Purification of a multipotential colony-stimulating factor from pokeweed mitogen
      stimulated mouse spleen cell conditioned medium.
AB  - A factor able to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of
      multipotential stem cells and progenitor cells of the granulocyte-macrophage,
      eosinophil, and erythroid lineages as well as being able to maintain factor
      dependent cell lines in culture has been purified from pokeweed mitogen
      stimulated mouse spleen cell-conditioned medium. The factor was purified over 2
      million-fold by sequential fractionation using salting out chromatography,
      chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, ion exchange
      chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, reverse-phase high performance liquid
      chromatography on a phenyl-silica column, and gel permeation high performance
      liquid chromatography. All of the biological activities ascribed to the
      multipotential colony-stimulating factor co-fractionated through all steps, and
      the other known mouse-active hemopoietic regulator in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated
      mouse spleen cell-conditioned medium, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating
      factor, was separated at the ion exchange step. Two protein species having Mr =
      24,000 and 19,000 were visualized by silver-staining of sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels of the purified factor. Both species migrated coincidently
      with the biological activities. The factor was active at a half-maximal
      concentration of 1 X 10(-13) M when assayed on a factor-dependent cell line.

PMID- 4039731
TI  - Screening of pregnant women and hepatitis B prophylaxis in newborns.
AB  - Prevention of perinatal hepatitis B includes: (1) screening of pregnant women for
      hepatitis B surface antigen, and (2) immunoprophylaxis of babies at risk. HBIG
      treatment seems to be of some efficacy in preventing the HBsAg carrier state
      while it permits passive active immunization to occur. The disadvantage of HBIG
      is that it confers only temporary immunity. Therefore, if infection does not
      occur, babies will still be susceptible to the virus when passively administered
      anti-HBs will no longer be circulating. On the other hand, vaccine provides a
      long term but not immediate protection. Therefore the ideal approach in post
      exposure prophylaxis is a combination of passive plus active immunization. The
      aim is to provide an immediate protection, with the HBIG, and a long term
      immunity, with the vaccine, to babies born to HBsAg carrier mothers.

PMID- 4039732
TI  - Somatomedin-C levels in children and adolescents with gonadal dysgenesis:
      differences from age-matched normal females and effect of chronic estrogen
      replacement therapy.
AB  - The factors responsible for the elevation of circulating somatomedin-C/insulin
      like growth factor I (Sm-C) during normal pubertal development are uncertain. To
      assess the role of ovarian estrogen secretion during puberty, we examined the
      effect of estrogen deficiency due to primary hypogonadism on Sm-C levels in late
      childhood and early adolescence. The concentration of immunoreactive Sm-C was
      measured in 36 untreated patients with gonadal dysgenesis (age, 4-16 yr); results
      were compared with the pattern of change in Sm-C in 153 age-matched normal girls.
      Between ages 4-9 yr, patients with gonadal dysgenesis had Sm-C levels similar to
      those in the age-matched normal subjects. In contrast to the normal girls, Sm-C
      levels in patients with gonadal dysgenesis did not rise after 10 yr of age and
      were significantly lower than those in normal girls at 11-16 yr of age. The
      effect of low dose estrogen therapy was assessed in eight patients with Turner's
      syndrome. Their Sm-C levels were measured before and during 2-12 months of
      treatment with ethinyl estradiol (90-220 ng/kg X day). The mean Sm-C
      concentration rose from 0.72 +/- 0.06 U/ml (+/- SEM) before treatment to 1.17 +/-
      0.17 U/ml during estrogen treatment (P less than 0.04). In three patients who had
      a similar increase in Sm-C during estrogen treatment, interruption of therapy was
      associated with a fall in Sm-C concentrations; when estrogen therapy was
      reinstituted in two of these patients, Sm-C levels rose again. These results
      suggest that increasing endogenous estrogen production is a major determinant of
      the rise of circulating Sm-C that occurs during pubertal development in normal
      girls. Chronic estrogen deficiency, as in untreated patients with gonadal
      dysgenesis, is associated with failure to manifest the elevation of Sm-C that
      occurs during normal puberty.

PMID- 4039733
TI  - Plasma steroid-binding proteins in the cysts of gross cystic disease of the
      breast.
AB  - Breast cyst fluids from 33 patients who underwent cyst aspiration were examined
      for their content of total protein, albumin, corticosteroid-binding globulin
      (CBG), and testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TeBG). Two distinct
      populations of cysts, based on their chloride concentration, were found. Both
      types of cysts had markedly reduced concentrations of the three plasma proteins
      compared to plasma levels. Concentrations of the proteins in the low chloride
      (less than 40 meq/liter) cysts were substantially lower than those in the high
      chloride (greater than 40 meq/liter) ones. Relative to albumin, both CBG and TeBG
      were excluded from low chloride cysts, whereas relative to one another, the
      ratios of these two steroid-binding proteins were the same as those in plasma. We
      conclude that there are specific mechanisms in breast cysts regulating the
      ingress and/or egress of CBG and TeBG.

PMID- 4039735
TI  - Postirradiation angiosarcoma.
AB  - A 61-year-old woman developed a cutaneous angiosarcoma of the lower abdomen in
      the site where she had received radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the
      cervix uteri 23 years earlier. The rarity of this event and the dermatologist's
      general unfamiliarity with this late complication of radiation therapy have
      prompted a review of cutaneous postirradiation angiosarcoma.

PMID- 4039734
TI  - Polymorphism of theophylline metabolism in man.
AB  - To determine whether genetic mechanisms control large interindividual variations
      in theophylline elimination in normal uninduced human subjects, and, if so, to
      test the possibility that these genetic factors are transmitted as a simple
      Mendelian trait, theophylline was administered to 79 unrelated adults, six sets
      of monozygotic twins, six sets of dizygotic twins, and six two-generation
      families. Thereafter, in urine collected from each subject at regular intervals
      for 48 h, concentrations of theophylline and its three principal metabolites were
      measured and rate constants of formation of these metabolites calculated. The
      twin study, designed to determine the relative contributions of genetic and
      environmental factors to large interindividual variation in theophylline
      elimination, revealed predominantly genetic control. Values for this genetic
      component, designated heritability (H1(2)), of interindividual variation in rate
      constants of metabolite formation were 0.61, 0.84, and 0.95 for 3-methylxanthine,
      1-methyluric acid, and 1,3-dimethyluric acid, respectively. H1(2) for the overall
      theophylline elimination rate constant (kel) was lower (0.34). In the 79
      unrelated adults, each distribution curve for rate constants of formation of each
      theophylline metabolite appeared to be trimodal. By contrast, the distribution
      curve for the overall theophylline elimination rate constant appeared to be
      either unimodal or bimodal. The extent of interindividual variation was fourfold
      for theophylline kel and 6-8-fold for the three principal metabolites. High
      correlations among the three rate constants in individual subjects suggested
      their regulation by a single shared factor. In six families carefully selected to
      be under near basal environmental conditions so that hepatic theophylline
      metabolism of each family member would be neither markedly induced nor inhibited,
      phenotypes for theophylline metabolite rate constants were assigned. This
      assignment of phenotype was made by the position of each family member's rate
      constant on the three distribution curves that were generated from the 79
      unrelated subjects. In each family, pedigree analysis of the three phenotypes for
      each rate constant was consistent with their control by two alleles at a single
      genetic locus and with autosomal codominant transmission. Frequencies of the two
      alleles at each genetic locus controlling rate constants of formation of
      theophylline metabolites were similar (p = 0.49, 0.53, and 0.52). In the three
      families studied with antipyrine (AP) as well as with theophylline, AP k(el)
      correlated (r approximately 0.7) with each rate constant of theophylline
      metabolite formation, as well as with theophylline k(el). While these results are
      compatible with a common regulatory element in the AP and theophylline
      polymorphisms, other evidence suggests more than a single genetic polymorphism.
      This additional evidence includes different gene frequencies for the AP (p
      approximately 0.1) and theophylline (p approximately 0.5) polymorphisms,
      different genotype assignments in several families for some theophylline
      metabolites, different distribution curves for theophylline k(el) from those for
      the three theophylline metabolites in 79 unrelated subjects, and finally low
      correlations between AP metabolite rate constants and theophylline metabolite
      rate constants in the three families receiving both drugs.

PMID- 4039736
TI  - Prognostic factors of severe infectious purpura in children.
AB  - The French Club of Pediatric Intensive Care has prospectively studied 90 cases of
      infectious purpura which were hospitalized in 1981; the purpose of this study was
      to determine prognostic factors. The statistical study (X2 test) of all these
      cases is in agreement with data in the literature and shows that the mortality is
      significantly higher when there is: shock (p less than 0.001), coma (p less than
      0.05), ecchymotic or necrotic purpura (p less than 0.01), temperature less than
      36 degrees C (p less than 0.05), no clinical meningism (p less than 0.001), white
      cell count less than 10,000/mm3 (p less than 0.05), thrombocytopenia less than
      100,000 (p less than 0.01), fibrinogen less than 1.5 g/l (p less than 0.001),
      kalemia greater than 5 mEq/l (p less than 0.01), spinal fluid cell count less
      than 20/mm3 (p less than 0.01). Because shock is one of the main prognostic
      factors (23 deaths in 55 shocked patients, versus 2 in 35 non-shocked) we have
      performed another statistical study (with the Benzecri method) to determine a
      prognostic index for patients in shock. For its determination, five initial
      parameters are used: age, kalemia, white cell count, clinical meningism, platelet
      count. The predictive value for survival is 91%. The predictive value for death
      is 87%. The score was applied on the patients hospitalized in shock in 1982: the
      predictive value for survival is 75%, the predictive value for death is 61%.

PMID- 4039737
TI  - Respondent conditioning of self-injurious behavior in early socially deprived
      rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

PMID- 4039738
TI  - Primary cardiac tumors: experience with 30 consecutive patients since the
      introduction of two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - Experience with 30 consecutive patients who had a total of 32 primary cardiac
      tumors and who underwent two-dimensional echocardiographic examinations between
      January 1977 and June 1983 was reviewed. Most of the tumors were atrial myxomas
      (20 left and 4 right), and 30 were identified on echocardiography. Twenty-five
      patients, including 21 of 22 with atrial myxoma, underwent surgical resection on
      the basis of the echocardiographic examination, without preoperative
      angiocardiography. When the morphologic characteristics of the left atrial
      myxomas were studied statistically in relation to clinical abnormalities, large
      tumor size was most closely related to the number and type of associated clinical
      and laboratory abnormalities. The single exception was embolization, which
      correlated with echocardiographic tumor consistency. Since the introduction of
      two-dimensional echocardiography, the yearly incidence of cardiac tumor diagnosis
      at this clinic has increased several fold and the incidence of unexpected
      intraoperative diagnosis has been very low (one case). Echocardiography is the
      method of choice for clinical diagnosis. It has replaced angiocardiography for
      routine preoperative assessment, permits early diagnosis of cardiac neoplasms and
      provides insight into the pathophysiology of primary cardiac tumors.

PMID- 4039739
TI  - Role of the autonomic nervous system in the control of heart rate and blood
      pressure in the defence reaction in conscious dogs.
AB  - The present study was performed on conscious, chronically instrumented dogs,
      which underwent selective blockade of sympathetic adrenergic and vagal outflows.
      Excitements were performed on these animals in normal states (N), after chronic
      treatment with guanethidine, for sympathetic blockade (SB), after cold vagal
      blockade (VB), and after combined sympathetic and vagal blockade (SB + VB). Heart
      rate and arterial blood pressure were monitored in all the experiments, while a
      group of dogs was also tested with an electromagnetic flowmeter on the superior
      mesenteric artery. The role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic controls in
      the defence reaction was assumed from comparison of experiments performed in the
      presence or in the absence of each (or both) autonomic component(s). In the SB +
      VB condition, excitement was followed by sudden hypotension, without changes in
      heart rate. In VB experiments, a brief and transient hypotension appeared,
      followed by gradually developed hypertension, while heart rate progressively rose
      in about 5 s; there was no sudden increase in mesenteric vascular resistance,
      which contrasted with the very marked reaction in N experiments. Under vagal
      control alone (SB), the stimulus elicited prompt tachycardia and hypertension,
      followed by a period of moderately reduced blood pressure. We conclude that,
      while the defence reaction leads to a sudden fall of arterial blood pressure, in
      the absence of compensatory mechanisms, both branches of the autonomic nervous
      system play a protective role against hypotension. In addition, the modulation of
      the vagal outflow, leading to sudden changes in the heart performance, seems to
      be responsible for the initiation of the overall haemodynamic adjustments
      following excitements. The possibility that withdrawal of the parasympathetic
      outflow to the heart may raise arterial blood pressure was verified in a special
      experiment in which artificial vagal stimulation in a conscious (vagal blocked)
      dog, was turned off for brief periods, before and after guanethidine. This led to
      changes in blood pressure and heart rate very similar to those seen at the onset
      of the defence reaction, both in N and SB conditions.

PMID- 4039740
TI  - Induction of infectious immunodeficiency in BALB/c mice by serial transfer of
      lymphocytes immune to alloantigens.
AB  - Serial transfer of spleen cells immune to allogeneic or semi-allogeneic cells
      induced transferable splenomegaly and general immune deficiencies, including the
      lack of proliferative responses to T and B cell mitogens and antibody responses
      to specific antigens. Parallel experiments with spleen cells from mice that had
      been administered rectally with allogeneic spleen or sperm cells also resulted in
      a similar immunodeficiency. The immune deficiencies were transferable into normal
      mice by injection of spleen cells, cellfree extracts, or culture supernatants of
      spleen cells from immunodeficient mice. The particle responsible for transmission
      of immunodeficiency appears to be a high m.w. (greater than 2 X 10(6], 1.14 g/ml
      density agent. These results suggest strongly that serial transfer of lymphocytes
      immune to alloantigens triggers the release of a transmissible virus-like agent,
      which results in an immunodeficiency similar to acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) of humans. Therefore, this system may provide a valuable animal
      model system for studying AIDS.

PMID- 4039741
TI  - Evaluation of anchoring fibrils and other components of the dermal-epidermal
      junction in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa by a quantitative ultrastructural
      technique.
AB  - To examine the possibility that differences in the structure and population
      density of anchoring fibrils (AF) and other components of the dermal-epidermal
      junction might distinguish between genetically and clinically distinct varieties
      of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), a controlled ultrastructural
      morphometric study of nonseparated keratinocyte-associated dermal-epidermal
      junction was undertaken in a total of 17 patients with DEB. Seven patients had
      dominant DEB, 3 had localized recessive DEB, and 7 had severe, generalized
      recessive DEB. Nonlesional, unscarred skin was obtained from standard body
      regions. Criteria for the identification of AF were a mandatory union with the
      lamina densa and the presence of central banding and/or fanning of the
      extremities. No AF were detected in 9 technically suitable samples from patients
      with severe recessive DEB. Structurally normal AF were present, but significantly
      reduced in number, in both dominant and localized recessive DEB, compared with
      site-matched samples from 12 healthy adults. There was no difference in AF
      characteristics between dominant and localized recessive DEB, or between sites of
      predilection and nonpredilection for blisters. The presence or absence of
      albopapuloid lesions in dominant DEB did not influence AF counts. There was no
      difference in numbers of hemidesmosomes, basal cell plasmalemmal vesicles, or
      dermal microfibril bundles in any group of DEB patients compared with controls.
      Thus, although severe mutilating DEB can be distinguished by routine transmission
      electron microscopy, the dominant and localized recessive forms cannot be
      differentiated on the basis of AF structure or numbers.

PMID- 4039742
TI  - [Effect, toxicity and tissue concentration in the clinical use of cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum (II)].
AB  - The tissue cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) concentration was measured in
      autopsies treated with CDDP therapy for gynecological malignancies. These cases
      consisted of 10 of ovarian tumor and one of choriocarcinoma. Total CDDP doses
      administered were from 55mg to 560mg and among them three cases were treated with
      more than 500mg (525mg, 555mg in ovarian cancer and 560mg in choriocarcinoma). We
      found moderate renal impairment with this drug by serum functional test and
      histopathology, although these changes did not correspond with the total doses.
      In liver, kidney and residual tumor measured for CDDP, the tissue concentration
      was highest in liver. When total doses administered were compared with the tissue
      concentration in liver, kidney, residual tumor and the decrease in creatinine
      clearance value, there were statistically significant differences only in
      residual tumor at p less than 0.01.

PMID- 4039743
TI  - Clinicopathologic investigation of ovarian endometriosis: a comparative study of
      cystic and non-cystic types.
AB  - This clinicopathologic study involved 129 patients with ovarian endometriosis.
      All the lesions from the patients were classified macroscopically into two types
      being either cystic or non-cystic. The results are as follows. Endometriotic
      lesions were bilateral in 58 cases and unilateral in 71 cases. The average age of
      the patients was 38.8 and gravidity 1.8, with 43.1% of them being infertilite. In
      12.2, 45.4 and 84.6% of them, irregular menstruation, hypermenorrhea, and
      dysmenorrhea were recorded, respectively. Regarding complicated lesions, 49
      patients had fibroid, 33 uterine adenomyosis, and 13 rectocervical endometriosis.
      Of the 129 cases, 61.3% were regarded as of the cystic type, 30.2% as of the non
      cystic type, and 8.5% as of the cystic/non-cystic type. The average ages were
      35.5 and 41.6 years for cystic and non-cystic types, respectively. The incidence
      of each type of complicated lesion mentioned above was greater in the non-cystic
      type than that in the cystic type. The pathogenetic investigation suggested that
      cystic endometriosis in the ovary might mainly be ascribed to the endometrioid
      metaplasia of the celomic epithelium and that non-cystic endometriosis might
      occasionally originate from metastasis or implantation of endometrial tissues. In
      addition to this, the lesions which were histologically diagnosed as
      endometriosis might sometimes include obsolete follicle cysts undergoing
      luteinization.

PMID- 4039744
TI  - Influence of vitamin D on mineral metabolism, hormonal status and bone histology
      in lactating rats and their pups.
AB  - Mineral, hormonal and skeletal changes were determined in vitamin D-deficient (
      D) and vitamin D-replete (+D) mother rats and in their litters on day 20 of
      lactation. These results were compared with those obtained in -D mothers and
      pups, after giving the mothers an oral supplement (10 i.u. vitamin D3/day) during
      the period of lactation (20 days). Compared to +D animals, both -D lactating
      mothers and their pups exhibited extremely low plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin
      D3 (25-OH-D3), diminished 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and increased
      levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Vitamin D-deficient mothers
      also had higher levels of calcitonin and lower levels of prolactin than +D
      mothers. All -D animals (mothers and pups) showed increased osteoclastic bone
      resorption and severe osteomalacia as shown by decreased bone ash, decreased
      calcification rate and increased endosteal osteoid surface, volume and thickness.
      In mothers treated with vitamin D3 during lactation, nearly all the plasma
      variables measured, as well as bone histomorphometric features, were normal. In
      contrast, their pups still showed rickets and osteomalacia, despite normal levels
      of 25-OH-D3 and calcium in the plasma. These pups had raised plasma levels of
      1,25(OH)2D3 and iPTH associated with persistent stimulation of bone resorption.
      This study showed that (1) severe vitamin D deficiency in lactating rats produced
      marked osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism in both mothers and pups,
      and (2) vitamin D treatment of -D mother rats during lactation (10 i.u. vitamin
      D3/day) reversed the mineral, hormonal and skeletal abnormalities in mothers but
      not in pups.

PMID- 4039745
TI  - Somatic and germ cell chimerism in chimeric mice between strains of high litter
      size and regular litter size.
AB  - CFO is an inbred strain of mice showing a high litter size. The high fertility of
      CFO is due mainly to a very low embryonic death rate during uterine development.
      C57BL and 129 strains are characterized by regular litter size. Crosses were made
      and CFO----C57BL and CFO----129 chimeras were produced. In CFO----C57BL mice,
      coat color of the C57BL predominated over that of CFO; internal chimerism except
      for that of the gonads was observed to be in the same proportion as the two
      genotypes, but the genotypic component of the gonads was almost entirely CFO.
      Germ cells undergoing gametogenesis in the CFO----C57BL mice were almost all
      derived from the CFO genotype, and the chimeric females showed high fertility
      just as did the CFO females. In the CFO----129 mice no obvious skewing toward one
      genotype was observed in the coat color, but the germ cells undergoing oogenesis
      in the two types of chimeric females were recognizable as nearly all of the 129
      genotype but with the females showing the same high fertility as do the CFO
      females. This fact suggests that the genotypes of germ cells in the ovary or in
      developing embryos do not influence fertility, but rather that the litter size is
      controlled mainly by the uterine environment.

PMID- 4039746
TI  - Detectability of group-specific component (Gc) in aged bloodstains.
AB  - An improved method of group-specific component (Gc) typing was conducted
      electrophoretically on agarose gel. Individual bloodstains randomly collected
      from different individual donors over a five-year period at intervals of
      approximately one month were checked for Gc activity. Group-specific component
      was typed accurately in dried bloodstains stored at room temperature up to 43
      months in age. From 100 different donors, bloodstains ranging in age from 38 to
      43 months were tested by the methods described and 73% of the samples were
      interpretable for Gc.

PMID- 4039747
TI  - The proteins and RNAs of St. Abb's Head virus, a Scottish Uukuvirus.
AB  - The proteins and RNAs of St. Abb's Head virus have been analysed, and were found
      to be characteristic of the Uukuvirus genus of the family Bunyaviridae. Two
      glycoproteins, G1 and G2 (mol. wt. 62K and 75K), and a nucleocapsid protein, N
      (mol. wt. 25K), were detected in infected cells by immunoprecipitation; the
      synthesis of N preceded the synthesis of G1 and G2. The glycoproteins were
      relatively cysteine-rich compared to the N protein, and the unglycosylated forms
      of G1 and G2 (using the inhibitor tunicamycin) had a mol. wt. of about 58K.
      Translation in vitro of mRNA from infected cells gave two immunoprecipitable
      products which are thought to be equivalent to N and G1/G2. Three RNA species
      were found in St. Abb's Head virus nucleocapsids, and were estimated to be 8500
      bases (L), 3600 bases (M) and 1900 bases (S) in length. At least one additional
      virus-specific RNA species was detected in infected cells. The similarity between
      the proteins and RNAs of St. Abb's Head virus and Uukuniemi virus (the prototype
      of the genus) is discussed.

PMID- 4039748
TI  - Serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in menstrual migraine.
AB  - Migraine has been considered a manifestation of sympathetic dysfunction. Serum
      dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) has been shown to be an index of peripheral
      sympathetic activity by some workers and there are two reports of elevated
      activity of the enzyme during the migraine headache as well as in the headache
      free interval. We studied the enzyme in seven women complaining of regular
      attacks of menstrual migraine and eleven controls during the mid-follicular (days
      10 +/- 2) and premenstrual (days 28 +/- 2) phases of the menstrual cycle.
      Although levels were on average 26% and 10% higher respectively than in control
      subjects, the difference failed to reach statistical significance because of the
      large normal range for enzyme activity. However, the premenstrual results were
      significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than the mid-follicular measurements in
      the migraine group, little difference being found in controls. This finding, and
      the effects of successful therapy with anovulatory doses of oestradiol implants
      in not only significantly lowering serum D beta H but also significantly reducing
      the difference in enzymic activity between the early and late phases of the
      menstrual cycle, suggest that if this enzyme is an index of sympathetic activity,
      it is excessive fluctuations of the sympathetic nervous system that may be
      relevant in menstrual migraine.

PMID- 4039749
TI  - Rhino-orbital zygomycosis.
AB  - A 63-year-old diabetic man presented with sinusitis with orbital and intracranial
      signs progressing over one week, due to zygomycosis. Despite control of the
      diabetes, surgical excision of infected tissue and antifungal therapy he died in
      the fifth week of illness. Pathological study showed extensive fungal
      infiltration of periorbital structures and mycotic thrombosis of many blood
      vessels with associated necrosis and infarction of fat and extraocular muscles.

PMID- 4039750
TI  - Antiepileptic and antiamnesic effect of carbamazepine in experimental limbic
      epilepsy.
AB  - Carbamazepine (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg) given three times a day, has been
      demonstrated to have a significant anti-epileptic effect in rats with chronic
      limbic epilepsy induced by injecting tetanus toxin bilaterally into their
      hippocampi. This effect involved a reduction in the maximum number of fits
      occurring on one day, and with the highest dose, a significant reduction in the
      total number of fits. In a pilot experiment in which continuous EEG records were
      obtained throughout the syndrome, it appeared that the effect of carbamazepine
      was to reduce the proportion of EEG seizure discharges which lead to overt motor
      fits. With the higher drug dose plasma levels of carbamazepine were maintained
      around 2 micrograms/ml. This experimental epilepsy produces enduring deficits in
      the rats' memories for a light-discrimination task in a Y-maze learned before
      induction of epilepsy (8 weeks after initial learning). If the rats are dosed
      with carbamazepine during their epilepsy this memory deficit is abolished.

PMID- 4039751
TI  - Supraophthalmic carotid infusion for brain chemotherapy. Experience with a new
      single-lumen catheter and maneuverable tip.
AB  - A single-lumen catheter with a maneuverable tip which does not incorporate a
      balloon has been developed for supraophthalmic intracarotid infusion of
      chemotherapeutic agents for central nervous system neoplasms. Supraophthalmic
      carotid catheterization was accomplished in 48 (96%) of the first 50 consecutive
      infusions in which this catheter was used. None of the 31 patients who underwent
      this procedure developed optic neuropathy or loss of vision. Ten patients
      developed Marcus-Gunn pupils, ipsilateral to the infused carotid artery in two
      and contralateral to the infused carotid artery in eight. Thrombosis of the
      carotid artery occurred after infusion in one patient. Problems associated with
      the technique include a tendency for the catheter to retract proximally during
      infusion in some patients, and the necessity for surgical exposure of the carotid
      artery. The infusion technique protects the eye from the high-concentration first
      pass of chemotherapeutic agents administered via the carotid artery. Since the
      tip of this catheter can be hydraulically guided, it may prove to be useful in
      other areas of transarterial neurosurgical procedures.

PMID- 4039752
TI  - Differences in somatomedin-C between short-normal subjects and those of normal
      height.
AB  - We evaluated basal somatomedin-C (SmC) levels in 98 subjects 2 to 16.6 years of
      age, with height less than 3rd centile (Tanner), and in 274 healthy controls 2 to
      15.8 years, with height greater than 10th centile. Growth-retarded subjects were
      defined as short-normal when they had normal GH release (greater than 8 ng/ml) in
      at least one of three tests: arginine, L-dopa, and sleep. In control subjects,
      there was a significant positive correlation between SmC levels and chronologic
      age, bone age, and pubertal stage (pubic hair, breast or testicular volume). The
      same correlations were present in short-normal subjects, but SmC levels were
      significantly lower than in normal children. The percentage of subjects with very
      low SmC values (less than or equal to 0.25 IU/ml in those older than 6 years, and
      less than 0.1 IU/ml in those younger than 6 years) was higher in the short-normal
      group of children older than 6 years. In growth-retarded subjects, SmC values
      were significantly higher (P less than 0.005) in subjects with normal GH response
      in at least one of the two pharmacologic tests, compared with those with normal
      GH response only during sleep. We conclude that short-normal subjects have, on
      average, low SmC values, which might indicate insufficient GH release. Therefore,
      current criteria to define GH deficiency and children needing treatment may be
      too restrictive.

PMID- 4039753
TI  - Toluene embryopathy.
AB  - Three children with microcephaly, central nervous system dysfunction, minor
      craniofacial and limb anomalies, and variable growth deficiency were born to
      women who inhaled large quantities of pure toluene throughout pregnancy. The
      features in our patients were reminiscent of the patterns of malformation
      previously described following in utero exposure to alcohol, certain
      anticonvulsants, and hyperphenylalaninemia. It is possible that there is a
      variable and nonspecific teratogenic phenotype characterized by alterations in
      growth, development, and morphogenesis. Careful evaluation and monitoring of
      infants exposed to toluene in utero are needed to determine the significance of
      our findings.

PMID- 4039754
TI  - Childhood acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: how many tests and how much
      treatment required?

PMID- 4039755
TI  - Liquid chromatographic-ultraviolet methods for furegrelate in serum and urine:
      preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation in the dog.
AB  - Analytical methods have been developed for the quantitative determination of
      furegrelate (1), a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, in dog serum and urine
      specimens. The methods use ion-pairing reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection at 268 nm and have the necessary
      specificity, linearity, and sensitivity to quantitate 100 ng/mL of the drug in
      serum and 20 micrograms/mL in urine. Preliminary pharmacokinetic and
      bioavailability evaluations in the dog indicate that 1 was rapidly distributed
      and had a terminal half-life of 132 min after an intravenous dose. The primary
      route of elimination was renal with approximately 70% of the parent drug excreted
      in urine. Fasted dogs dosed orally with the drug in solution or capsule had
      similar absorption and elimination kinetics and agreed favorably with the
      intravenous results. The bioavailability of 1 dosed orally was 77-80% based on
      serum area under curve and greater than 90% based on urinary excretion of the
      parent compound. The serum kinetics, but not the urinary elimination, of 1
      appeared to be altered in fed dogs given drug in capsule.

PMID- 4039756
TI  - Biochemical correlates of morphine withdrawal. 2. Effects of clonidine.
AB  - Naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in the rat has been shown to deplete
      adrenal epinephrine and to increase adrenal and locus ceruleus tyrosine
      hydroxylase activities. Administration of clonidine (0.1 - 1.0 mg/kg) through the
      first 6 hr of withdrawal blocked adrenal epinephrine depletion in a dose
      dependent fashion. Clonidine also blocked the increases in tyrosine hydroxylase
      activity seen in the adrenal and locus ceruleus during withdrawal. Clonidine
      attenuated the weight loss and inhibited the diarrhea during withdrawal. The
      alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist yohimbine reversed the effects of clonidine in
      blocking withdrawal. Morphine withdrawal caused only a slight depletion of
      epinephrine in the denervated adrenal; however, clonidine (0.3 mg/kg) prevented
      this decrease. These results suggest that clonidine suppresses adrenal and
      central adrenergic function during morphine withdrawal. This effect occurs
      through an alpha-2 adrenergic mechanism, possibly at the level of the locus
      ceruleus although clonidine appears to also have a direct effect on the adrenal
      medulla. The results are discussed in terms of adrenergic mechanisms of opiate
      withdrawal and the actions of clonidine on this syndrome.

PMID- 4039757
TI  - Management of a harem breeding colony of rhesus monkeys to reduce trauma-related
      morbidity and mortality.
AB  - A management procedure was developed for a harem breeding colony of rhesus
      monkeys to reduce trauma-related injuries and deaths resulting from the periodic
      removal of pregnant monkeys for research and their subsequent return to the
      population. Lower morbidity and mortality rates, a reduced mean conception
      interval, and a higher mean conception rate occurred when monkeys were maintained
      in permanent harems to which returning females were reintroduced compared to new
      social groups formed from aggregates of unfamiliar animals.

PMID- 4039758
TI  - Asymmetrical binding of phloretin to the glucose transport system of human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The sidedness of phloretin binding to the glucose carrier has been determined by
      comparing the type of inhibition produced in zero trans entry and zero trans exit
      experiments. Initial rates of zero trans entry were measured by the method of
      R.D. Taverna and R.G. Langdon (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 298:412-421, 1973), which
      involves pink ghosts loaded with glucose oxidase; this obviates the problem of
      rapid substrate accumulation inside the cells. With phloretin equilibrated across
      the membrane, the inhibition of entry was competitive, and the inhibition of exit
      noncompetitive. The experimental procedures were validated by showing that the
      inhibition by cytochalasin B, known to bind inside but not outside, was
      noncompetitive in entry and competitive in exit, as predicted. It was also
      demonstrated that even after pre-incubation of the cells with a relatively high
      concentration of phloretin, the phloretin adsorbed in the membrane did not
      significantly alter the rate of carrier reorientation. The results show that the
      outward-facing form of the glucose carrier, but not the inward-facing form, bears
      a phloretin binding site; thus phloretin, as well as cytochalasin B, is bound
      asymmetrically, phloretin outside and cytochalasin B inside.

PMID- 4039760
TI  - Structure of short thick filaments from Limulus muscle.
AB  - Shortened Limulus thick filaments, isolated from stimulated muscle, are
      structurally similar to long filaments, isolated from unstimulated muscle, except
      for length. Both have 3-fold screw symmetry with a helical repeat at
      approximately 43 nm, axial spacing of 14.5 nm between successive crowns of
      crossbridges and 4-fold rotational symmetry as estimated from the Bessel
      argument, by analysis of optical transforms of electron micrograph negatives of
      negatively stained samples. Both short and long filaments also have similar radii
      for the location of their crossbridges, thus similar diameters. Equal numbers of
      subunits/helical strand are also apparent on images of metal-shadowed long and
      short filaments. Since these data argue against molecular reorganization during
      filament shortening, it is suggested that the change in length of Limulus thick
      filaments may occur by reversible disaggregation of constituent protein
      molecules.

PMID- 4039759
TI  - Reaction of the glucose carrier of erythrocytes with sodium tetrathionate:
      evidence for inward-facing and outward-facing carrier conformations.
AB  - Sodium tetrathionate reacts with the glucose carrier of human erythrocytes at a
      rate which is greatly altered in the presence of competitive inhibitors of
      glucose transport. Inhibitors bound to the carrier on the outer surface of the
      membrane, either at the substrate site (maltose) or at the external inhibition
      site (phloretin and phlorizin), more than double the reaction rate. Inhibitors
      bound at the internal inhibition site (cytochalasin B and androstenedione),
      protect the system against tetrathionate. After treatment with tetrathionate, the
      maximum transport rate falls to less than one-third, and the properties of the
      binding sites are modified in unexpected ways. The affinity of externally bound
      inhibitors rises: phloretin is bound up to seven times more strongly and
      phlorizin and maltose twice as strongly. The affinity of cytochalasin B, bound at
      the internal inhibition site, falls to half while that of androstenedione is
      little changed. The affinity of external glucose falls slightly. Androstenedione
      prevents both the fall in transport activity and the increase in phloretin
      affinity produced by tetrathionate. An inhibitor of anion transport has no effect
      on the reaction. The observations support the following conclusions:
      Tetrathionate produces its effects on the glucose transport system by reacting
      with the carrier on the outer surface of the membrane. The carrier assumes
      distinct inward-facing and outward-facing conformations, and tetrathionate reacts
      with only the outward-facing form. The thiol group with which tetrathionate is
      presumed to react is not present in either the substrate site or the internal or
      external inhibitor site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039761
TI  - Cell surface and cytokinetic structures in cell shape determination of mouse
      fibroblasts. Events involved in cell rounding induced by removal of loosely bound
      macromolecular moieties from the cell surface.
AB  - Cell rounding was induced in synchronised mouse embryo fibroblasts without the
      use of drugs by a new method based on removal from the cell surface of loosely
      bound macromolecular moieties. The cells were examined by scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy and also by specific fluorescence methods during
      experimentally induced progression from the spread to a rounded form to assess
      changes in the cell surface and in the arrangement of cytoskeletal elements.
      Early events were a loss of order in the subcortical microfilament network and
      the formation of surface blebs. This was followed by disintegration of stress
      fibres and body retraction. Microtubules and intermediate filaments maintained
      their integrity but moved inwards towards the rounded perinuclear part of the
      cells. The relationship between surface alterations, organisation of the
      cytoskeleton and cell conformation is discussed.

PMID- 4039762
TI  - Vasography: effect of various agents on vas deferens patency.
AB  - Vasography is a common diagnostic procedure utilized in evaluating the male
      genital tract for causes of azoospermia, for evaluation of persistent perineal
      pain and seminal vesiculitis, and recently used in the staging of prostate
      cancer. In order to evaluate the effects of injectable agents on the healthy vas
      deferens, 7 groups of 10 rats had the left vas deferens injected by vasopuncture
      with saline, 4 contrast agents, doxycycline and absolute alcohol. The animals
      were sacrificed 8 weeks later, and were examined for patency of the vas and
      inflammatory response. Results revealed that vasopuncture did not produce
      obstruction. Vasography with water-soluble contrast media does entail a low risk
      of inflammation in the rat, but produces no obstruction. Intra-vas injection of
      doxycycline, injected by some for treatment of chronic seminal vesiculitis and
      perineal pain, is not deleterious in the rat model.

PMID- 4039763
TI  - Experimental obstructive hydronephrosis in newborn rats. V. Long-term effects on
      renal tissue solute content.
AB  - Partial obstruction of 1 ureter was created in newborn rats and its effects were
      studied in the adult rat. The obstructed renal pelvis was found to be about 6
      times enlarged and the weight of the kidney was 85 per cent of the contralateral
      intact one. Despite considerable distortion of the inner medulla on the
      obstructed side, no loss of weight in this region was observed. The only changes
      observed with respect to tissue concentrations--which were significantly due to
      the obstruction--were increases in urea in the cortex (110 per cent) and in
      potassium in the inner medulla (21 per cent); thus, the changes were few and, in
      part, moderate. The findings are compared with previous observations of solute
      excretions and the pathophysiological implications are discussed. The conclusion
      is that although the inner medulla was considerably distorted, the solute content
      was far from being affected to a corresponding degree--at least not in this
      experimental preparation.

PMID- 4039764
TI  - Differential effects of prolactin on rat dorsolateral prostate and R3327
      prostatic tumor sublines.
AB  - Many investigators have reported effects of the pituitary hormone, prolactin, on
      the physiology and biochemistry of the rat prostate gland, particularly the
      lateral or dorsolateral lobe. The Dunning R3327H is a transplantable rat
      prostatic adenocarcinoma derived from a spontaneous tumor of the Copenhagen rat
      dorsolateral prostate. This study describes and compares morphological and
      physiological effects of prolactin on rat dorsolateral prostate and two sublines
      of the Dunning tumor. Ectopic pituitary grafts were used to induce chronic
      hyperprolactinemia in castrated rats receiving androgen supplement to provide a
      relatively controlled hormonal environment in which the effects of prolactin were
      maximally and consistently observed. Gravimetric and biochemical analyses, as
      well as ultrastructural study, provided evidence of prolactin's stimulatory
      effect on dorsolateral prostate growth and secretory activity. Hyperprolactinemia
      stimulated the growth of the well-differentiated, androgen-dependent R3327/3219
      tumor subline with an increase in weight, volume and the total content of DNA,
      protein and zinc. There were no changes in tumor morphology. In contrast, the
      anaplastic androgen-independent R3327/150 tumor subline did not respond to graft
      induced hyperprolactinemia. This differential response of the two R3327 tumor
      sublines attests to the complexity of prolactin's effects on prostatic tissue and
      to the extent of the deterioration of endocrine control that often accompanies
      tumor progression. Prolactin binding in the R3327 sublines was studied using
      immunohistochemical staining and radioligand assay, but produced complex results
      which raise questions about the discrepancy between hormone binding and
      biological action of prolactin in prostatic tissues.

PMID- 4039765
TI  - Malignant catarrhal fever in a free-ranging black-tailed deer (Odocoileus
      hemionus columbianus) in California.

PMID- 4039766
TI  - Cardiac dimension changes with endurance training. Indications of a genotype
      dependency.
AB  - We studied the sensitivity of cardiac structures to endurance training. To
      evaluate variability in adaptation, 20 sedentary subjects and ten pairs of
      monozygotic twins were submitted to a 20-week endurance training program. Maximal
      oxygen uptake increased significantly in both groups: 11 mL O2/kg/min-1 or 30% in
      the sedentary group and 6 mL O2/kg/min-1 or 13% in the monozygotic twins.
      Statistically significant increases in left ventricular diameter, posterior wall
      and septal thicknesses, as well as left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left
      ventricular mass were observed in the sedentary subjects, but not in the
      monozygotic twins. We could demonstrate that after training, twin pairs differed
      more from each other than at the start. Concomitantly, within-pair resemblance
      was greater after training than before. Results indicate that cardiac dimensions
      are amenable to significant modifications under controlled endurance training
      conditions and furthermore that the extent and variability of the response of
      cardiac structures to training are perhaps genotype dependent.

PMID- 4039767
TI  - Toxicity associated with long-term intravenous heroin and cocaine self
      administration in the rat.
AB  - Laboratory rats were given unlimited access to intravenous cocaine hydrochloride
      or heroin hydrochloride. Animals self-administering cocaine quickly developed a
      pattern of episodic drug intake, with periods of excessive cocaine self
      administration alternating with brief periods of abstinence. Subjects allowed
      continuous access to intravenous heroin showed stable drug self-administration,
      with a gradual increase in daily heroin intake over the first two weeks of
      testing. The general health of the animals became markedly different: those self
      administering heroin maintained grooming behavior, pretesting body weight, and a
      good state of general health; rats self-administering cocaine tended to cease
      grooming behavior, to lose up to 47% of their pretesting body weight, and to show
      a pronounced deterioration in general health. The mortality rate for 30 days of
      continuous testing was 36% for animals self-administering heroin and 90% for
      those self-administering cocaine. These results suggest that cocaine is a much
      more toxic compound than heroin when animals are given unlimited access to
      intravenous drug.

PMID- 4039768
TI  - [Fibrinolytic activity in cutaneous lesions of hereditary hemorrhagic
      telangiectasia].

PMID- 4039769
TI  - [Analysis of the papillary muscle image on thallium-201 myocardial scintigram in
      various heart diseases].

PMID- 4039770
TI  - [Echo- and electrocardiographic signs of different forms of hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Twenty-six patients with idiopathic and secondary hypertrophic cardiomyopathies
      were examined. The diagnostic value of echo- and electrocardiographic signs of
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is discussed, the more important among those being
      the thickness and shape of the interventricular septum, anterosystolic movement
      of the anterior cusp of the mitral valve, electrocardiographic evidence of left
      ventricular hypertrophy and left-atrial changes, abnormal Q waves.

PMID- 4039771
TI  - [Effect of laser therapy in diabetic retinopathy on the hemodynamics of retinal
      vessels].
AB  - Changes in retinal hemodynamics are a factor of major influence in diabetic
      retinopathy. With the aid of videoangiography, the changes in retinal circulation
      times before and after therapeutic laser coagulation were examined in a
      prospective study. A marked diminution of all circulation times was observed
      after laser coagulation procedures: the arterial circulation time decreased from
      1.02 s to 0.74 s average, the early venous circulation time from 5.18 s to 3.50 s
      average, and the late venous circulation time from 9.07 s to 8.16 s. Laser
      coagulation has a more significant influence on the capillary circulation of the
      retina than on the venous phase. In diabetic retinopathy, the improvement in
      pathologic hemodynamic situations in the retina may be a very important mechanism
      of action in laser coagulation therapy.

PMID- 4039772
TI  - [Initial experiences in the treatment of changes in the anterior eye segment with
      the neodymium:YAG laser].
AB  - The present paper reports the first results with the Meditec OPL-3 neodymium:YAG
      laser (Rodenstock, Munich). The YAG laser is a pulsed laser, the biological
      effects of which are based on the formation of plasma at its focal point. Plasma
      formation induces a rapid explosion-like expansion of the tissue. This effect can
      be used to sever opaque structures of the refractive media of the eye, such as
      secondary cataracts, membranes or strands. The paper summarizes the results of
      the first 80 consecutive cases treated with the laser. The surgical procedure is
      described in detail. Visual acuity improved instantaneously in all cases in which
      no concomitant eye pathology (e.g., corneal or macular changes) existed.
      Complications consisted in the development of postoperative inflammatory
      reactions and increases in intraocular pressure, and responded well to
      corticosteroids and beta-blockers or Diamox. The development of the neodymium:YAG
      laser has considerably advanced our therapeutic possibilities.

PMID- 4039773
TI  - [Aqueous humor outflow capacity after argon laser trabeculoplasty. Preliminary
      report].
AB  - In a prospective study of 44 eyes with open angle-glaucoma and 27 with
      pseudocapsular glaucoma, the aqueous humor outflow facility was controlled for up
      to 12 months following argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). The average increase in
      the facility of outflow, which was 70% in open-angle glaucoma, was 25% higher in
      pseudocapsular glaucoma. In successful ALT, this increase in outflow facility was
      established within the first 20 hours after coagulation and did not decrease
      during the following year. There were no major complications such as transitory
      elevations of intraocular pressure, hyphema, or severe uveitis; this fact is
      interpreted as a result of the authors' technique, in which only the light
      pigmented trabecular meshwork is coagulated.

PMID- 4039774
TI  - [Histologic studies on the effect of light coagulation of the retina on the
      vitreous body].
AB  - Up to 6 months after panretinal photocoagulation of rabbit eyes the subsequent
      changes in the vitreous body were examined histologically by means of a
      stereomicroscope. Marked changes were evident: severe exudation into all of the
      vitreous tissue during the early follow-up period, circumscribed areas of higher
      density or loss of normal density, membrane-like structures, confluent cavities
      and liquefaction of most of the tissue at the later postcoagulative stage.

PMID- 4039775
TI  - [Benefit and risk of high-dose metoclopramide in comparison to high-dose
      haloperidol or triflupromazine in cisplatin-induced vomiting].
AB  - The antiemetic efficacy of metoclopramide (MCL, Paspertin, loading infusion 0.5
      mg/kg body wt./h over 2 h, maintenance infusion 0.25 mg/kg/h over 24 h) has been
      compared with haloperidol (HAL, Haldol, 1/10 of MCL dosage) and with
      triflupromazine (TFP, Psyquil, 1/2 of MCL dosage) in two sequential analyses,
      against the emetic effects of cisplatin (60-90 mg/m2). After treating 14 and 8
      pairs of patients respectively, MCL was significantly (alpha = 0.05) more
      effective than HAL or TFP. Only 1 of the 14 patients in the HAL group and 0 of 8
      in the TFP group were totally protected against emesis, in contrast to 6 of 14
      patients and 3 of 8 in the MCL groups. In order to quantify the benefit/risk
      relationship of the antiemetic drugs studied the number of prevented emetic
      episodes (in comparison to previous insufficient treatment) was related to the
      incidence of major undesired effects (i.e. dystonia and/or akathisia). This
      relationship was 17.8 and 12.1 for the two MCL groups; for HAL and TFP it was
      only 5.8 and 4.6, respectively. The high antiemetic selectivity of MCL against
      cisplatin-induced emesis is probably related to the still unknown action of MCL
      on the gastrointestinal motility. A high neuroleptic potency, with or without
      additional anticholinergic activity, is apparently not essential for high
      antiemetic protection against cisplatin.

PMID- 4039776
TI  - How salt causes hypertension: the natriuretic hormone-Na/Ca exchange-
      hypertension hypothesis.
AB  - The hypothesis outlined below shows how an underlying functional (genetic or
      acquired) defect in renal excretion (undetectable by standard renal function
      tests) can, in the presence of an excessive salt load, lead to the development of
      hypertension. The initial tendency toward salt and water retention and
      extracellular fluid volume expansion is compensated by the secretion of a
      natriuretic hormone that promotes Na excretion by inhibiting Na pumps in renal
      tubule cells. The hormone also inhibits Na pumps in other types of cells,
      however, including vascular smooth muscle cells, so that the intracellular Na
      concentration rises in these cells. Then, because the vascular smooth muscle
      cells contain a Na/Ca exchange transport system in their plasma membranes, more
      Ca than normal will be delivered to these cells. This will cause the increased
      contractility and reactivity that underlies increased vascular tone and
      peripheral vascular resistance which is the direct cause of the elevated blood
      pressure.

PMID- 4039777
TI  - Humoral factors in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension.
AB  - In 42 spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Munster strain either parabiosis or
      cross circulation with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats was performed. Cross
      circulation was made through the common carotid arteries and external jugular
      veins using a peristaltic pump. In parabiosis and in cross circulation
      experiments hypertension was transmitted from the spontaneously hypertensive rats
      to normotensive rats. Nephrectomy or adrenalectomy in the spontaneously
      hypertensive rat before cross circulation abolished this effect. After volume
      depletion in the hypertensive animals hypertension was not transmitted either. It
      is concluded that humoral factors causing vasoconstriction play an essential role
      in the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

PMID- 4039778
TI  - Atrial natriuretic factor: isolation, identification, biological and
      pharmacological actions.

PMID- 4039779
TI  - Effects of concurrent pregnancy and lactation on reproduction in four strains of
      mice.
AB  - The influence of concurrent pregnancy until the third lactation on reproduction
      was studied in four strains of mice (SHN, SLN, C3H/He and GRS/A) as a possible
      step to evaluate the efficiency of this system on offspring production. In all
      strains, little difference was observed between sequential and concurrent
      pregnancy and lactation groups in any parameter as the index of reproductivity-
      delivery interval, litter size, average weight and growth rate of pups, mother
      weight, rearing rate, still-birth rate and rate of still-born pups. Also, no
      difference was seen between groups of any strain, in the number of females which
      had three litters. The estimated number of pups weaned per female during 50 days
      after first being placed with males was higher in the concurrent pregnancy groups
      than in the sequential pregnancy groups of all strains. Meanwhile, the incidence
      of spontaneous mammary tumors, the major characteristic of these strains, was
      consistently lower in the concurrent pregnancy group in all strains. These
      results have demonstrated that the concurrent pregnancy and lactation system is
      an efficient means of mouse production.

PMID- 4039780
TI  - Discussion on the state of water in the myofilament lattice and other biological
      systems, based on the fact that the usual concepts of colloid stability can not
      explain the stability of the myofilament lattice.
AB  - Application of the usual concepts of colloid stability shows that the in vivo
      spacings between the myofilaments, making up the contractile part of the muscle
      myofibrils, correspond to energies of 10(-4) to 10(-1) kT. Refinements in the
      calculations of the electrostatic and Van der Waals-London energies do not
      significantly modify these values. Therefore, theory does not predict the
      observed stability of the myofilament lattice. It is shown that the interfilament
      water very likely plays an active role in the myofilament lattice. More
      generally, the structure of water in living cells is probably different from that
      of bulk water.

PMID- 4039781
TI  - Three-dimensional cardiac anatomy and function in heart disease in adults:
      initial results with the dynamic spatial reconstructor.
AB  - The dynamic spatial reconstructor, or DSR, is a unique high-speed volume-imaging
      x-ray scanner based on computed tomographic principles. In this report, we
      present data obtained from the first feasibility DSR studies of adult patients
      with heart disease. Information from three patients--one with hypertrophic
      obstructive cardiomyopathy, one with calcific aortic valvular disease, and one
      with a left ventricular aneurysm--is described in detail. The mean DSR scanning
      time for each patient was 20 seconds, and the mean total irradiation to the
      sternum was 15.3 R. Transverse cross sections were reconstructed and then
      retrospectively reformatted to provide operator-selected oblique sections in
      space (for example, long-axis and short-axis sections of the left ventricle), to
      follow these sections through time (such as from end-diastole through end
      systole), and to create three-dimensional displays (for instance, of the left
      ventricular chamber). Unique quantitative measurements of structure and function
      were made by using these images. For generation of most imaging data, only one
      injection of contrast material into the right side of the heart is necessary.
      Clinically useful three-dimensional dynamic imaging data can be acquired from
      adult patients with heart disease by using the DSR. Compared with conventional
      angiocardiography, DSR studies can provide information with less x-ray exposure
      and fewer angiographic injections.

PMID- 4039782
TI  - Cholinergic agents: antinociception without morphine type dependence in rats.
AB  - We have confirmed the work of others showing that loss in body weight is a
      predictable and consistent sign of opiate withdrawal in rats. Rats that were
      treated chronically with either oxotremorine or physostigmine displayed no weight
      loss or other signs of opiate-like withdrawal when the drugs were withdrawn.
      Furthermore, there was no difference in weight loss between morphine dependent
      rats substituted with saline and those substituted with either cholinergic drug.
      However, we did observe an increased mortality among rats substituted with a
      cholinergic agent compared with saline. Rats infused with a mixture of morphine
      plus oxotremorine or morphine plus physostigmine showed less weight loss, but not
      fewer behavioral signs, after the end of the infusion than rats treated only with
      morphine. It is concluded that the cholinergic agents did not cause a morphine
      like physical dependence themselves, but appeared to antagonize to some extent
      the development or manifestation of opiate dependence.

PMID- 4039783
TI  - Free fatty acid content of human milk: physiologic significance and artifactual
      determinants.
AB  - Analysis of human milk was conducted to determine if free fatty acids occur
      naturally or as a consequence of artifactual lipolysis after milk expression.
      Five mothers provided triplicate early morning milk samples on day 43 of
      lactation. Following extraction, lipid classes were separated by preparative thin
      layer chromatography and quantified by capillary gas liquid chromatography. Fresh
      milk samples collected with 20 volumes chloroform-methanol (1:1, v/v) were
      analogous in total free fatty acid level and profile of fatty acids to a
      duplicate sample collected with 0.4M EDTA and immediately frozen at -10 C. Low
      milk levels of free fatty acids appear to exist naturally. During days 4-37 of
      lactation, four serial milk samples from 15 mothers were collected and frozen
      with 0.4M EDTA. The concentration of free fatty acids in colostrum (0.03-0.5%,
      w/w) was lower than for subsequent days (0.3-2.5%, w/w). Additional samples were
      collected with and without a lipase inhibitor (0.4M EDTA) and subjected to
      routine collection and storage procedures. Significantly different fatty acid
      profile and higher levels of free fatty acids in milk collected without a lipase
      inhibitor added indicate that domestic freezing and/or thawing ruptures the fat
      globule membrane, allowing sn-1-stereospecific serum stimulated lipoprotein
      lipase contact with its triglyceride substrate. Standard procedures for
      collection of human milk for gavage fed infants appears to stimulate artifactual
      lipolysis of milk triglyceride and subsequent release of free fatty acids. The
      proposed relationship between dietary free fatty acids and prolonged,
      unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn is discussed with regard to the
      significance of preintestinal lipolysis.

PMID- 4039784
TI  - Sexual dysfunction in men with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. A comparative study.
AB  - Sexual dysfunction in men with alcoholic cirrhosis was investigated in young
      (less than 56 years) outpatients with steady female partners. Sixty-one per cent
      (11/18) claimed sexual dysfunction, with erectile dysfunction and/or reduced
      sexual desire being the most common symptoms. Comparing patients with (n = 11)
      and without (n = 7) sexual dysfunction, no significant differences were found
      concerning a number of pertinent clinical variables. This should be interpreted
      with caution, however, owing to the small number of patients in each group. The
      prevalence and type of sexual dysfunction were not significantly different
      comparing alcoholic cirrhotic men to chronic alcoholic men without overt liver
      disease (matched for duration of alcoholism, age and duration of partnership) and
      to insulin-dependent diabetic men (matched for age and duration of partnership).
      However, all groups had a significantly (p less than 0.025) raised prevalence of
      sexual dysfunction when compared to men without chronic disease (matched for age
      and duration of partnership).

PMID- 4039785
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of the antitumor drug oxoplatinum labeled with 191Pt].
AB  - A pharmacokinetic study of the antitumor drug oxoplatinum labeled with 191Pt when
      administered to control mice and mice with B-16 melanoma have shown that
      distribution of the drug in organs and tissues in both groups of animals is
      nonuniform. The drug is more tropic to the kidneys, liver, spleen, adrenals,
      thymus, skin and tumor. Correlation was established between the values of the
      coefficient ratios of differential accumulation (CDA) of the organ/blood in the
      final and initial periods of observation and the period of the drug half-life in
      the organs. The higher the CDA of the organ/blood the longer the period of the
      drug half-life. The excretion of the drug from the blood and most other organs is
      described by a bioexponential curve.

PMID- 4039786
TI  - Cerebellar neurofilaments, neonatal copper deficiency and epilepsy.

PMID- 4039787
TI  - Is the terminal degradation of neurofilaments regulated by mitochondrial
      production of oxygen radicals?

PMID- 4039788
TI  - Site-specific DNA binding of nuclear factor I: analyses of cellular binding
      sites.
AB  - Nuclear factor I is a cellular site-specific DNA-binding protein required for the
      efficient in vitro replication of adenovirus DNA. We have characterized human DNA
      sequences to which nuclear factor I binds. Three nuclear factor I binding sites
      (FIB sites), isolated from HeLa cell DNA, each contain the sequence TGG(N)6
      7GCCAA. Comparison with other known and putative FIB sites suggests that this
      sequence is important for the binding of nuclear factor I. Nuclear factor I
      protects a 25- to 30-base-pair region surrounding this sequence from digestion by
      DNase I. Methylation protection studies suggest that nuclear factor I interacts
      with guanine residues within the TGG(N)6-7GCCAA consensus sequence. One binding
      site (FIB-2) contained a restriction endonuclease HaeIII cleavage site (GGCC) at
      the 5' end of the GCCAA motif. Digestion of FIB-2 with HaeIII abolished the
      binding of nuclear factor I. Southern blot analyses indicate that the cellular
      FIB sites described here are present within single-copy DNA in the HeLa cell
      genome.

PMID- 4039789
TI  - Protection and potentiation of radiation clastogenesis by caffeine: nature of
      possible initial events.
AB  - Data on the differential modification of the oxic and anoxic components of
      radiation clastogenesis by caffeine already published in the literature have been
      briefly reviewed, additional unpublished data relevant for consideration of
      possible mechanisms have been presented and the possible events in terms of
      radiation chemistry have been discussed. It is considered that radioprotection
      against oxic component possibly results from the competition of caffeine with
      oxygen for e-aq, whereas radiosensitization of the anoxic component is, at least
      partly, due to restoration of physico-chemical environment achieved by oxygen
      alone in the irradiated cells. These reactions involve eaq-, oOH and H2O2 formed
      in the cells exposed to ionizing radiation.

PMID- 4039790
TI  - Towards a more comprehensive evaluation of a genotoxic hazard in man.

PMID- 4039791
TI  - cis-Dichlorodiammine platinum(II) induced aberrations in mouse bone-marrow
      chromosomes.
AB  - The clastogenic effect of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum(II) (cis-platin) on mouse
      bone-marrow chromosomes has been studied. Cis-platin was injected at 3 different
      doses. Cells were fixed at different time intervals after treatment. Different
      types of aberrations together with the percent of mitotic index and frequency of
      abnormal metaphases were studied. The aberrations observed were primarily
      chromatid breaks, although isochromatid breaks, interchanges, and multiple breaks
      were also observed. A dose- and time-dependent effect was observed for both
      inhibition of mitotic index and frequency of abnormal metaphases. Trypsin-Giemsa
      staining of bone-marrow metaphase chromosomes from normal mice was compared with
      the bands of metaphase chromosomes obtained after Giemsa staining of chromosomes
      from platinum-treated mice and they were observed to be identical. Bands were
      present up to 120 h and aberrations were also induced in such plates.

PMID- 4039792
TI  - Consequences of unremitting middle-ear disease in early life. Otologic,
      audiologic, and developmental findings in children with cleft palate.
AB  - To learn whether chronic otitis media with effusion during early life has lasting
      otologic, audiologic, or developmental consequences, we evaluated 24 closely
      matched pairs of children with repaired palatal clefts whose treatment had been
      equivalent except with regard to persistent otitis media during early life. One
      group had undergone early (mean age, 3.0 months) myringotomy with placement of
      tympanostomy tubes, followed by assiduous monitoring and an aggressive treatment
      program to maintain ventilation in the middle ear. The other group had undergone
      initial myringotomy later (mean age, 30.8 months) or not at all (two subjects)
      and presumably had had continuous middle-ear effusion throughout most or all of
      the first few years of life. Eardrum scarring was equal in both groups. Hearing
      acuity and consonant articulation were impaired in both groups, but hearing
      acuity was less impaired (P = 0.05 to 0.10) and consonant articulation
      significantly less impaired (P = 0.03) in the group undergoing early myringotomy.
      Mean verbal, performance, and full-scale IQs and scores on psychosocial indexes
      were normal in both groups and did not differ significantly between the groups.
      These findings support the hypothesis that early, longstanding otitis media may
      result in impairment of hearing and of speech, but they do not support the
      hypothesis that cognitive, language, and psychosocial development are adversely
      affected.

PMID- 4039793
TI  - Fatal eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and visceral larva migrans caused by the
      raccoon ascarid Baylisascaris procyonis.

PMID- 4039794
TI  - Tissue responses against Cladosporium trichoides and its parasitic forms in
      congenitally athymic nude mice and their heterozygous littermates.
AB  - The tissue responses against Cladosporium trichoides and its parasitic forms were
      studied using nude (nu/nu) mice and their heterozygous (nu/+) littermates of
      BALB/c background. 1.0, 0.1 and 0.01% cell suspensions were prepared from a
      culture broth which had been inoculated with the C. trichoides and cultured with
      reciprocal shaking at 27 degrees C for 7 days. Sixty nu/nu or 60 nu/+ mice were
      divided into three groups consisting of 20 each which was allotted to one of the
      three cell suspensions. Each mouse was inoculated intravenously with 0.1 ml of
      either the cell suspensions. Two mice from each of the six groups were sacrificed
      at adequate intervals until 30 days after inoculation and histopathologic
      sections stained with H & E or by PAS were prepared from their visceral organs.
      There were no characteristic findings in the nu/nu and nu/+ mice inoculated with
      the 0.01% cell suspension. When inoculated with the 1.0% cell suspension, the
      brain was the favorite target organ in both groups of mice and the kidney was the
      second. When inoculated with the 0.1% cell suspension, brain lesions were
      observed only in the nu/nu mice. The susceptibility of the nu/nu mice was higher
      than that of the nu/+ mice. The parasitic forms in the brain of the nu/nu and
      nu/+ mice were slender septate true hyphae with or without polymorphonuclear
      leucocyte infiltrate, while in the liver, spleen and lung of both groups of mice
      the parasitic forms were short thick hyphae, moniliform hyphae, chlamydospores or
      round cells (sclerotic cells). Many giant cells containing fungal elements
      appeared in the liver of the nu/nu mice.

PMID- 4039796
TI  - Effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), cyclophosphamide and tumor age on
      the rate of mitochondrial and overall cellular protein synthesis in Zajdela
      hepatoma.
AB  - The effect of in vivo treatment with cis-Pt(II) and/or cyclophosphamide on
      overall cellular and mitochondrial protein synthesis in Zajdela hepatoma was
      examined. The rate of the overall cellular protein synthesis decreased by about
      60-80%, whereas the rate of the process in mitochondria was affected only
      marginally upon the treatment. Qualitatively similar changes in the relative
      rates of the two processes were found in Zajdela hepatoma cells during the ageing
      of the tumor.

PMID- 4039795
TI  - Antifungal therapy of dermatophytosis in guinea pigs and congenitally athymic
      rats.
AB  - Guinea pigs and athymic nude (RNU/RNU) rats were used to assess the efficacy of
      three orally administered antifungal agents--Tolciclate, Tolnaftate, and
      Ketoconazole--against Trichophyton mentagrophytes dermatophytosis. All three
      antifungal agents inhibited the test strain of T. mentagrophytes in vitro.
      Antifungal agents were tested in intervention (oral therapy started 5 days after
      challenge) or prophylaxis (oral therapy started 5 days before challenge)
      protocols. Oral treatment of dermatophytosis on guinea pig skin demonstrated that
      Tolciclate and Tolnaftate alleviated clinical symptoms and shortened the duration
      of the dermatophytosis, in comparison to nontreated controls. Assessment of
      antifungal efficacy in the guinea pig model was time consuming (30-35 days) and
      variability in the duration and severity of clinical symptoms on guinea pig skin
      was common. Oral therapy of chronically infected athymic rats demonstrated that
      Tolciclate, Tolnaftate, and ketoconazole were effective antifungal agents in
      vivo. Obvious improvement in clinical symptoms of dermatophytosis (i.e. less
      erythema and fewer lesions) was evident with all three antifungal agents within
      10 days of starting oral therapy. By day 20, athymic rats that were treated with
      either Tolciclate or Ketoconazole showed marked clinical improvement of the
      chronic dermatophytosis. Chronically infected athymic rats, which lack thymus
      matured T-cells, are a promising new model to evaluate the efficacy of antifungal
      agents by culture, histology, and visual observations of clinical symptoms.

PMID- 4039797
TI  - Ototoxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum.
AB  - In 19 evaluable cancer patients treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis
      DDP) Platidiam-Lachema containing chemotherapy the ototoxicity was assessed.
      There was an increase of hearing threshold of air-conduction in frequency of 6000
      and 8000 Hz as compared with pretreatment audiograms in four patients (21%). In
      one case only the hearing loss was reversible. The usual hearing loss was of 10-
      15 dB and maximal of 20 dB. In those four patients with ototoxicity the decrease
      of creatinine clearence under 60 ml/min occurred at the same time. It is
      suggested that the altered renal function could be a cause of cis-DDP level rise
      in body liquids and in this way a cause of further more severe side effects.
      Neither subjective hearing loss nor tinnitus nor otalgia was found. The cis-DDP
      caused high frequency hearing loss but has not affected the correct speech
      percept. To avoid serious cis-DDP ototoxicity it is necessary to monitor renal
      functions and audiograms carefully and to administer cis-DDP slowly in chloride
      containing vehicles after sufficient prehydratation.

PMID- 4039798
TI  - Chemotherapy and/or removal of the peritoneal catheter in the management of
      fungal peritonitis complicating CAPD?

PMID- 4039799
TI  - Effect of gestational and neonatal styrene exposure on dopamine receptors.
AB  - The effect of styrene (200 mg/kg, orally) on dopamine receptor binding using 3H
      spiroperidol as a specific ligand was studied in developing rats. Gestational
      exposure caused no significant change in the binding of 3H-spiroperidol to
      striatal membranes of pups at 2 and 3 weeks of age. However, styrene exposure
      during lactation and the gestation-lactation period caused a significant increase
      in binding of 3H-spiroperidol. Scatchard analysis revealed that styrene exposure
      caused an increase in the number of receptor sites without affecting their
      affinity. Results of behavioral studies (amphetamine-induced locomotor activity
      and apomorphine-induced stereotypy) showed that styrene exposure during the
      gestation-lactation period caused a significant increase in motor activity and
      stereotypy of the rat pups. These behavioral and biochemical studies suggest that
      early postnatal exposure to styrene affects dopaminergic function.

PMID- 4039800
TI  - Exploratory studies of a rodent model for inhalant abuse.
AB  - For simulation of inhalant abuse exposure conditions, male and female rats were
      exposed to high concentrations (10,000-30,000 ppm) toluene vapor until
      unconscious (8-12 min periods). Sex differences were observed in the mean times
      to onset of sleep during exposure; linear regression lines of min to sleep onset
      as a function of toluene/kg body wt had slopes of -0.7492 for males and -0.4515
      for females. Animals were removed from the exposure chamber to clean air and both
      spontaneous horizontal locomotor activity (2/3 animals) and ppm toluene in
      exhaled air (1/3 animals) were monitored for the first hr post-exposure. Animals
      regained consciousness within the first 6-7 min and consistently displayed a
      characteristic pattern of locomotor activity: activity increased initially to 2-3
      times baseline level (1 hr preceding exposure) and remained elevated for
      approximately 10 min; activity then decreased to baseline range for a time before
      a period of inactivity and/or sleep by 60 min post-exposure. Immediately after
      regaining consciousness the concentration of toluene exhaled decreased rapidly
      for the first 10 min, somewhat less rapidly for the next 10-20 min and levelled
      off at 100-200 ppm for the following 30-40 min. The occurrence and duration of
      hyperactivity coincided with the period of rapid elimination of unchanged toluene
      through the lungs.

PMID- 4039802
TI  - Effects of naloxone and other opiate antagonists on blood-ethanol concentration
      in acutely-ethanol-intoxicated rats.
AB  - The effects of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL) and other opiate antagonists on blood
      ethanol concentration (BEC) in acutely-ethanol-intoxicated rats were examined.
      Using a 1 mg/kg body wt. dose of NAL, the maximum decrease in BEC was found to
      occur at 30 min. At 30 min after administration of various doses of NAL, it was
      found that BEC was decreased maximally by a 2 mg/kg dose, whereas the first
      significant decrease was caused by a 10 micrograms/kg dose. BEC was also
      decreased by naltrexone (1 mg/kg), but not by a 4 mg/kg dose of any of four Mr
      compounds (Mr 1452, Mr 1453, Mr 2266 and Mr 2267). It is suggested that
      pharmacokinetic antagonism of acute alcohol intoxication by naloxone and
      naltrexone is unrelated to the property of opiate antagonism, but may involve the
      ability of certain such antagonists to interact with hepatic NAD+-dependent
      oxidative metabolism.

PMID- 4039801
TI  - Effects of antidepressant drugs on a quickly-learned conditioned-suppression
      response in mice.
AB  - Mice experienced to electric shock, exhibited a marked suppression of motor
      activity when placed in the same cage 24 hr after administration of shocks. Acute
      administration of imipramine-HCl (10 mg/kg, i.p.), desipramine-HCl (5 and 10
      mg/kg, i.p.) and amitriptyline-HCl (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) caused marked reduction
      of the conditioned suppression of shocked mice, but reduced the motor activity of
      the non-shocked mice. Maprotiline, mianserin and dimetacrine did not cause
      reduction of the conditioned suppression. Nialamide (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and
      pargyline-HCl (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) caused marked reduction of the
      conditioned suppression but did not increase the motor activity of the non
      shocked mice, and tranylcypromine-HCl (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) did not cause
      reduction of the conditioned suppression. Diphenhydramine-HCl (10 and 20 mg/kg,
      i.p.) reduced the conditioned suppression of shocked mice in a dose-related
      manner. Chronic administration of imipramine-HCl (1 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14
      days significantly reduced the conditioned suppression but did not influence the
      motility rate of the non-shocked mice. Also, chronic administration of
      amitriptyline (1 mg/kg, i.p.), desipramine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and dimetacrine (10
      mg/kg, i.p.), for 10 days, significantly reduced the conditioned suppression, but
      did not influence the motility rate of the non-shocked mice. Chronic
      administration of maprotiline reduced the conditioned suppression. On the other
      hand, chronic administration of mianserin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and diphenhydramine (10
      mg/kg, i.p.) did not cause a reduction of the conditioned suppression.

PMID- 4039803
TI  - Spinal vascular tumors: dilemmas in diagnosis and management.
AB  - Three case reports of spinal vascular tumors illustrate the need for well
      organized and thorough neuroradiological and neurosurgical planning to achieve an
      initial cure without delay and to avoid inadequate operative procedures.

PMID- 4039804
TI  - Simulation of a prolactin-secreting adenoma by an intrasellar craniopharyngioma.
AB  - We report here an unusual case of a 21-year-old woman who presented with
      amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and hyperprolactinemia (66 to 81 ng/ml) secondary to an
      unsuspected intrasellar craniopharyngioma. The results of preoperative endocrine
      testing were compatible with the presence of a prolactin-secreting adenoma.
      Moreover, high resolution computed tomographic scanning revealed an uncalcified
      hypodense sellar mass that did not enhance after contrast administration, a
      feature shared by many prolactinomas. This report illustrates that amenorrhea,
      galactorrhea, mild to moderate hyperprolactinemia, and a sellar mass should not
      automatically be attributed to the presence of a prolactin-secreting adenoma.

PMID- 4039805
TI  - Failure of postictal growth hormone rise in a patient with thalamic lesions.
AB  - A patient with bilateral thalamic lesions had a spontaneous generalized
      convulsion during nocturnal polygraphic recording. Postictal measurements of
      cortisol and prolactin showed the expected rise of plasma values at 30 and 60
      minutes after the seizure, but growth hormone did not increase. This observation
      suggests that suprahypothalamic mechanisms regulating growth hormone release
      differ from those involved in the neural control of cortisol-ACTH and prolactin
      secretion. The thalamus may intervene as a regulatory center in the release of
      growth hormone.

PMID- 4039806
TI  - Inhibition of flank-marking behavior in golden hamsters by microinjection of a
      vasopressin antagonist into the hypothalamus.
AB  - Microinjection of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) into the medial preoptic area of the
      hypothalamus of the hamster stimulates flank marking, a complex stereotypic motor
      behavior involved in olfactory communication. Microinjection of an antagonist of
      AVP, [1-deaminopenicillamine-2-(O-methyl)-tyrosine]arginine-vasopressin, into the
      same site blocks both the effect of microinjected AVP as well as the natural
      flank-marking behavior normally elicited by placing a hamster into the recently
      vacated home cage of another hamster. This finding supports the notion that AVP
      is a transmitter in the expression of flank marking.

PMID- 4039807
TI  - Cystic disease of the liver studied by 99Tcm DISIDA and 99Tcm sulphur colloid
      imaging.
AB  - Two patients with cystic disease of the liver have been studied with 99Tcm
      sulphur colloid and 99Tcm DISIDA scintigraphy and CT. One patient's cystic
      lesions are substantially enlarged as seen in 99Tcm sulphur colloid scintigrams
      performed at 10 year intervals. Another patient's scintigraphic studies performed
      at 5 year intervals demonstrated no significant progression in the size of the
      cysts in the liver. The 99Tcm DISIDA scintigram of each patient demonstrated no
      radiotracer filled-in in the cystic lesions (photon deficient areas on 99Tcm
      sulphur colloid scan). This finding may be used to differentiate cystic disease
      of the liver from hepatoma, in which usually DISIDA filled-in the defects seen on
      the 99Tcm sulphur colloid scintigram.

PMID- 4039808
TI  - Hereditary antithrombin III deficiency and pregnancy: report of two cases and
      review of the literature.
AB  - The pregnancy and the serum antithrombin III levels during the antenatal and
      postpartum period of two patients with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency is
      described. Both antithrombin III antigen and activity levels dropped to their
      lowest levels immediately after delivery. A review of the literature emphasizes
      the high risk for thromboembolism in patients with hereditary antithrombin III
      deficiency. Important considerations for the obstetrician concerning hereditary
      antithrombin III deficiency are discussed, including: 1) the need to
      therapeutically anticoagulate these patients postpartum, 2) the need to consider
      prophylactic anticoagulation throughout pregnancy especially in patients with a
      history of thrombosis, 3) the practical aspects of assaying antithrombin III in
      plasma rather than serum, 4) the normally low antithrombin III levels in normal
      newborns, and 5) the need to provide prepregnancy counseling, including
      information about the autosomal dominant inheritance of hereditary antithrombin
      III deficiency.

PMID- 4039809
TI  - Transscleral cyclocoagulation using a neodymium:YAG laser.
AB  - A series of pigmented rabbit eyes were treated with pulsed 10 msec (free running
      mode) neodymium:YAG laser burns to achieve transscleral cyclocoagulation. Grossly
      evident burns were created in the ciliary body with laser pulses of 1.5 joules of
      energy. Sustained reduction in intraocular pressure was obtained when 30 such
      laser burns were made in an eye.

PMID- 4039810
TI  - Retinal pigment epithelial dysfunction in early ovine ceroid lipofuscinosis:
      electrophysiologic and pathologic correlates.
AB  - Retinal degeneration is a major finding in the human and ovine ceroid
      lipofuscinosis. Sequential electroretinographic (ERG) studies in a young,
      asymptomatic, affected lamb are presented here, which demonstrate a progressive
      loss of the scotopic b-wave and unrecordable c-waves under halothane anesthesia.
      Even at this initial stage of disease, lesions were evident in the form of
      dystrophic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) villi, and loss of photoreceptor
      cells and rod outer segments. Cone inner segments were enlarged and scanning
      electron microscopy emphasized these abnormalities. All cells in tapetal and
      nontapetal areas contained fluorescent inclusions with similar emission spectra
      (maximum = 539 nm). By transmission electron microscopy, storage bodies consisted
      of 'finger-print' profiles and were most prominent in bipolar cells. The
      pathological features of the retina correlate well with the observed ERG changes,
      reaffirming the sheep as a useful model to delineate early events in ceroid
      lipofuscinosis.

PMID- 4039811
TI  - Trichosporon beigelii: survey of isolates from clinical material.
AB  - Two hundred and eight isolates of Trichosporon beigelii were identified over the
      period January 1973 to July 1983. 45.7% of these were from skin, 25.0% from nail,
      22.6% from tissues and fluids, 3.4% from hair and 3.4% from sputum. Tr. beigelii
      was isolated in association with a recognized pathogen in 23 cases, 9 with a
      yeast, 14 with a dermatophyte. In 38 cases, Tr. beigelii was the only organism
      isolated when direct microscopic examination of clinical material showed the
      presence of hyphae and/or yeast cells. Although Tr. beigelii could only be
      assigned a definite pathogenic role in 6 cases of genital white piedra, and in
      one case of peritonitis associated with chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,
      we believe that this organism was pathogenic in many cases of skin infection. In
      most of the cases where it was isolated from tissue or fluids at Royal North
      Shore Hospital, Tr. beigelii was not considered to be significantly contributing
      to the disease process.

PMID- 4039812
TI  - [Regional circulatory changes after massive blood loss in immobilization stress].

PMID- 4039813
TI  - [Effect of different stressors on adrenergic mechanisms and cholinoreception in
      guinea pigs].

PMID- 4039814
TI  - [Course of the early neonatal period of high birth-weight infants].

PMID- 4039815
TI  - Recognition of a cytosine base lesion by a human damage-specific DNA binding
      protein.
AB  - Sodium bisulfite reacts with cytosine and 5-methylcytosine, forming the 5,6
      dihydrosulfonate adducts which deaminate to the uracil and thymine adducts,
      respectively. At alkaline pH, the sulfonate groups are then released, generating
      uracil and thymine. In DNA, the resulting G:U and G:T base mismatches generated
      are potential sites of mutagenesis. Using a human damage-specific DNA binding
      protein as a probe, we have found protein-recognizable lesions in bisulfite
      treated DNA and poly d(I-C), but not in treated poly d(A-T) or poly d(A-U).
      Although this suggests that the lesion recognized is cytosine-derived, there was
      no correlation between the number of uracils induced and the number of binding
      sites, suggesting that the protein-bound damage is not a uracil-containing
      mismatch. Modification of the treatment protocol to reduce elimination of the
      bisulfite from the base adducts increased the level of binding, suggesting that
      the protein recognizes a base-sulfonate adduct.

PMID- 4039817
TI  - Unwinding of supercoiled DNA by cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II):
      influence of the torsional strain on DNA unwinding.
AB  - The effective unwinding angle, phi, for cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis
      DDP) and trans-DDP was determined by utilizing high resolution gel
      electrophoresis and supercoiled phi X174 RF DNA as a substrate. The effective
      unwinding angle was calculated by equating the reduction in mobility of the DDP
      modified DNA to the removal of a number of superhelical turns. The value of the
      effective unwinding angle for both DDP isomers was greatest at the low levels of
      DDP bound and decreased with increasing amounts of unwinding agent. The cis
      isomer is a better unwinding agent than is the trans-isomer, being nearly twice
      as effective in unwinding the supercoiled DNA at the DDP levels investigated. A
      comparison of the magnitude of phi below rb values of 0.005 and those at high
      levels of binding reveals that the extent of torsional strain in the supercoiled
      DNA influences the magnitude of the unwinding of the DNA by these complexes. When
      this method is used in the analysis of the unwinding angle for a covalently bound
      species on supercoiled DNA, it may provide a more reliable estimate of the
      magnitude of phi at high degrees of supercoiling and at low levels of
      modification.

PMID- 4039816
TI  - Characterization of a mitochondrial protein binding to single-stranded DNA.
AB  - A DNA-binding protein from Xenopus laevis oocyte mitochondria which has been
      found associated with the D-loop also shows a strong preference for single
      stranded DNA. The binding to polynucleotides is dependent on the base
      composition, but no sequence specificity was found. This protein, called mtSSB,
      binds tightly and cooperatively to single-stranded DNA. By its amino-acid
      composition and its binding properties it appears to be similar to the single
      stranded DNA-binding proteins found in prokaryotes.

PMID- 4039818
TI  - [Nuclear medicine demonstration of esophageal bile reflux].
AB  - Biliary and pancreatic juice has been implicated as a cause of regional
      inflammation or carcinoma after gastric surgery. We studied 38 patients after
      gastrectomy using a modification of cholescintigraphy (185 mBq 99m-Tc-DESIDA
      i.v.). As soon as the tracer had reached the duodenum, a dynamic study (30 min,
      120 frames) was started. Thereafter a static image of the epigastrium and thorax
      in the anterior view with more than 1000 cts/cm2 was recorded. This procedure was
      repeated after a meal. Of 29 patients without complaints only 4 had a reflux into
      the jejunal loop. By contrast in 7 of 9 patients with suggestive symptoms this
      examination demonstrated bile reflux which reached the oesophagus in 6 cases. A
      stenosis of the distal oesophagus prevented oesophageal reflux in one patient. 2
      patients with oesophageal reflux had a history of oesophageal stenosis and
      oesophagitis confirmed by endoscopy. The remaining 2 patients without
      demonstrable reflux had neither oesophagitis nor radiologically verified reflux.
      Cholescintigraphy as modified by us may detect clinical relevant bile reflux into
      the oesophagus. This is important for surgeons selecting patients with potential
      benefit from a reoperation. Since most patients with complaints after gastrectomy
      have had demonstrable bile reflux, reflux-reducing surgical techniques should be
      used in all.

PMID- 4039819
TI  - Anterior uveitis associated with Kawasaki syndrome.
AB  - Forty-one children with a clinical diagnosis of Kawasaki syndrome had a pediatric
      ophthalmologic examination performed at a mean time of 8.6 days after onset of
      fever. Twenty-seven of 41 patients (66%) had evidence of anterior uveitis by slit
      lamp examination. Bilateral involvement was noted in 25 of 27 patients (97%).
      Punctate keratitis was evident in 5 of 41 patients (12%). Three of these five had
      coexisting uveitis. The incidence of anterior uveitis in patients examined during
      the first week of their illness was 83% (20 of 24 patients), compared to an
      incidence of 41% (7 of 17) in patients first examined greater than 1 week after
      onset of disease (P = 0.004). There was no difference in the uveitis, vs. the non
      uveitis groups with respect to age, sex, race or subsequent aneurysm formation as
      a complication of their Kawasaki syndrome. The mean erythrocyte sedimentation
      rate was not different in the two groups. Anterior uveitis is a common finding
      early in the course of Kawasaki syndrome. Slit lamp examination may be a helpful
      clinical tool in identifying patients with Kawasaki syndrome, and uveitis should
      be considered for inclusion in the Centers for Disease Control case definition of
      Kawasaki syndrome.

PMID- 4039820
TI  - Prevalence and significance of cryptosporidiosis in children.

PMID- 4039821
TI  - Diurnal, premating, and postmating testosterone levels in roosters genetically
      selected for mating frequency.
AB  - Circulating testosterone (T) levels were measured in roosters from lines
      genetically selected for high (HM) and low (LM) mating frequency and the
      randombred control (AC) base population. Lights were provided from 0600 through
      2000 hr. A dirunal profile was determined by sampling at 0600, 1200, 1800, and
      2400 hr. Plasma T levels prior to mating, immediately after mating, and 1 and 3
      hr after mating were measured. By 1800 hr, AC males had higher T levels than both
      HM and LM males, which had levels that were similar to each other. Testosterone
      was at a minimum at 0600 hr and peaked at 2400 hr. Lines differed significantly
      both before and after mating with AC males highest, HM males intermediate, and LM
      males lowest. Control males had higher than baseline values prior to and after
      mating. Testosterone levels of AC males were correlated with their mating
      frequencies.

PMID- 4039822
TI  - Liver response to diet and estrogen in white Leghorn and Rhode Island Red
      chickens.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to compare the response of Rhode Island Reds (RIR) and
      White Leghorns (WL) to estradiol (E2) administration and diets of different
      composition. In growing chickens injected with E2 for 7 days, RIR accumulated
      significantly more hepatic lipid and had significantly less plasma lipid than WL.
      Both RIR and WL, injected for 4 days with E2, had lower hepatic lipids when fed a
      diet containing fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (FAY) than when fed a
      corn-soybean meal diet (CS). Plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity
      was significantly lower for RIR. Feeding a FAY diet to laying hens significantly
      reduced hepatic lipids in WL but not in RIR. Implantation of tubes containing E2
      in RIR-laying hens resulted in a significant body weight loss and 25% mortality,
      while a similar treatment in WL-laying hens caused no body weight loss or
      mortality. Injecting both RIR and WL-laying hens with E2 caused a marked body
      weight loss and high mortality in both breeds although WL were less severely
      affected. The results show that breeds of chickens respond differently to both E2
      administration and changes in diet composition.

PMID- 4039823
TI  - [Comparative thin layer chromatography studies of two psilocybes and a
      hallucinogenic inocybe].

PMID- 4039824
TI  - Role of urine in coordinating reproduction in a desert rodent (Dipodomys
      merriami).
AB  - Detection of reproductive status from chemical signals in the urine of a desert
      rodent was examined. Intact and castrated male and estrous (induced) and
      nonestrous (ovariectomized) female Dipodomys merriami were tested for their
      preferences for various combinations of water and urine from intact males,
      estrous females, castrated males, and nonestrous females. Intact and castrated
      males were also tested for their responses to urine from females at different
      stages of the reproductive cycle: proestrus, estrus, and diestrus. Neither intact
      nor castrated males exhibited a preference for urine from females in any stage of
      the estrous cycle. Urine from intact males, however, was preferred by both intact
      males and estrous females. Urine from reproductively active males, rather than
      from estrous females, seems to contain information for coordinating reproduction
      in D. merriami.

PMID- 4039825
TI  - Habituation of the prolactin response in rats to psychological stress.
AB  - It is well known that stress is a stimulant for prolactin release. However,
      relatively few studies have investigated the role of psychological factors in
      prolactin secretion, and investigators have typically used one-time exposure and
      a single collection period in their studies. In our studies, attempts were made
      to carefully characterize the prolactin response to different psychological
      stressors by serially sampling blood from an indwelling cannula and to determine
      if repeated exposure to the stressor leads to habituation of the prolactin
      response. Exposure of the male rats to different novel situations such as being
      placed in a new cage, being placed on a platform in water, or being handled
      resulted in increased prolactin levels. As the rats habituated behaviorally to
      repeated exposure to similar situations, the prolactin response also attenuated.
      These findings show that psychological factors do play a role in influencing
      prolactin secretion and are consistent with the idea that as the psychological
      stress imposed by a stimulus becomes habituated, the prolactin response to that
      stimulus also becomes habituated.

PMID- 4039826
TI  - The herpes simplex viruses: the facts health professionals need to know.
AB  - Herpes labialis and herpes genitalis are described, including the symptoms,
      complications, treatment, and research of the disease. The article explains how
      transmission or contraction of the herpes virus occurs, particularly in the
      hospital setting, and how it can be avoided by the health professional.

PMID- 4039827
TI  - Accessory spleen compromising response to splenectomy for idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Accessory spleens were sought in 28 patients who had undergone splenectomy for
      chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), using a variety of techniques.
      Abdominal scintigraphy with autologous erythrocytes labeled with Tc-99m and
      opsonized with anti-D IgG (radioimmune method) proved to be most useful, clearly
      demonstrating one or more accessory spleens in 12 cases (43%). Computed
      tomography (CT) was also helpful. Four out of five patients demonstrated an
      increased platelet count following surgery, the effectiveness of which was
      illustrated by the radioimmune scan. Patients who have had splenectomy for
      chronic ITP should be scanned using radioimmune techniques and CT to determine
      whether an accessory spleen is present.

PMID- 4039828
TI  - Morphine and clonidine oral self-administration: a study in morphine dependent or
      abstinent rats.
AB  - The ability of morphine and of clonidine to support self-administration has been
      evaluated in morphine dependent or abstinent rats, using an orally reinforced
      operant technique (F.R. 20). It was found that: Morphine drinking can function as
      a reinforcer of an operant response both in dependent and abstinent rats. The
      bitter taste of morphine becomes a secondary reinforcer for rats usually working
      for the alkaloid. Clonidine supports oral self-administration in morphine
      abstinent, but not in morphine dependent rats. The data are in line with clinical
      findings and give a further evidence that oral self administration in rats can be
      an useful model for the analysis of drug dependence.

PMID- 4039829
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for fibroblast growth factor (FGF): release by the bovine
      anterior pituitary in vitro.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed to measure fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
      using antiserum generated against a synthetic replicate of [Tyr10]FGF(1-10). The
      antisera, previously shown to be capable of inhibiting the biological action of
      FGF on bovine aortic arch endothelial cells in vitro, are highly specific for the
      amino-terminus of FGF. In the RIA, the antisera recognize the decapeptide antigen
      [Tyr10]FGF(1-10) and the intact mitogen on an equimolar basis and show less than
      0.01% cross-reactivity with N-acetyl-[Tyr10]FGF(1-10). Bovine adenohypophysial
      cells maintained in primary monolayer culture release and ir-FGF which is
      indistinguishable from the intact mitogen in as much as it is retained on heparin
      Sepharose affinity columns and shows a dose-dependent and parallel displacement
      in RIA. The release of ir-FGF by the bovine adenohypophysis can be increased with
      forskolin (10(-5) M) or KCl (50 mM). Preincubation of pituitary cells with 17
      beta-estradiol has no measurable effects on basal ir-FGF, but increases the
      release after KCl treatment 2-3-fold. These results show that ir-FGF can be
      released by the bovine adenohypophysis in vitro and lend credence to the
      hypothesis that FGF plays a physiological role in the homeostatic mechanisms
      regulating mesoderm-derived cell growth.

PMID- 4039830
TI  - [Intra-arterial administration of cytostatics with obstructed blood flow.
      Preliminary study in 7 patients with hypernephroma treated with cisplatin].

PMID- 4039831
TI  - [Membranous subaortic stenosis associated with pulmonary infundibular stenosis
      (double outlet right ventricle). Presentation of a case and review of the
      literature].

PMID- 4039832
TI  - [Effects of immobilization stress in utero on the course of pregnancy in the rat
      and on various parameters in the newborn animals].
AB  - The effects of immobilization stress applied during pregnancy on the evolution of
      pregnant rats and on the fetus and newborn have been studied. Results show
      alterations in food intake during pregnancy as well as in the weight of some
      measured structures in 21 day old fetuses. There was similarly found a
      significant increase in the number of dead newborn. The effect of immobilization
      stress applied in utero upon the evolution of pregnancy, fetus and newborn, is
      discussed.

PMID- 4039833
TI  - [Effect of adrenaline and phenylephrine on milk extraction during the mechanical
      milking of cows].
AB  - During mechanical milking in the morning between days 60 and 130 of lactation, 6
      or 10 French Friesian Pie-Noire (FFPN) cows were given an intrajugular injection
      of 0.3 mg of adrenaline or 5 mg of phenylephrine (table 1). The treatments, each
      given 7 times to each cow, were alternated every other day with a control
      injection of 0.9% NaCl. The adrenaline caused: - a non-significant decrease in
      total milk yield (-4.9%: 11.57 l vs 12.17 l with NaCl) and in the volume of
      machine-stripped milk (0.360 l vs 0.430 l with NaCl); - an increase (+8.7%) in
      milk flow (1.165 l/min vs 1.072 l/min with NaCl; table 4). Phenylephrine caused a
      significant 10% reduction in total milk yield (13.35 l vs 14.84 l with NaCl) but
      had no effect on the volume of machine-stripped milk (0.235 l vs 0.295 l with
      NaCl) or on milk flow (0.961 l/min vs 0.962 l/min with NaCl; table 3). In
      agreement with our previous results (Bernabe and Peeters, 1980; Bernabe and
      Ricordel, 1985), beta-receptor (adrenaline) stimulation appeared to increase milk
      flow by relaxing the teat muscles. However, when contact was avoided between the
      teats and the milking machine, the stimulation of teat alpha-receptors
      (phenylephrine) did not inhibit milk flow. It is supposed that during milking the
      machine caused the teat tissue to contract enough to mask the effect of the alpha
      mimetic treatment on milk flow.

PMID- 4039834
TI  - Presynaptic stimulation of dopaminergic CNS structures in sheep as a mechanism of
      immobilising action of Immobyl (fentanyl + azaperone).
AB  - The immobilising action of Immobyl (fentanyl : azaperone, 5:1) in six sheep has
      been analysed on the basis of the changes in dopamine, noradrenalin, adrenalin,
      homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations in the corpus striatum,
      frontal motor cortex, pons, cerebellum and lumbosacral spinal cord as compared to
      the control animals which were given saline. Forty minutes after intramuscular
      injection of an immobilising dose (0.19 mg [kg bodyweight]-1), Immobyl caused a
      significant decrease in dopamine, noradrenalin and 5-hydroxytryptamine
      concentrations and a similarly large decrease in homovanillic acid concentration
      (47 per cent) in the corpus striatum with a simultaneous but insignificant
      increase in the concentrations of these substances in the frontal motor cortex
      region. In Immobyl immobilisation, sheep showed a significant increase in
      dopamine concentration with an equally significant decrease in homovanillic acid
      concentrations in the lumbosacral part of the spinal cord. It is suggested that
      fentanyl stimulates the presynaptic dopamine receptors in the corpus striatum in
      sheep, significantly decreasing synthesis and release of dopamine and
      noradrenalin and intensifying an inhibitory effect of the corpus striatum on
      locomotor activity and thus causes the immobilisation of the animal.

PMID- 4039835
TI  - Respiratory functional changes on intratracheal challenge of sensitized rats.
AB  - Inbred PVG/c rats were sensitized to DNP19-ovalbumin by intraperitoneal
      injection. Sensitized rats when challenged with antigen developed characteristic
      brief interruptions of expiratory flow ('expiratory notching'). The functional
      residual capacity fell in rats challenged with antigen or saline but the fall was
      greater in those sensitized rats challenged with antigen. No greater alterations
      in respiratory rate, minute volume, airways resistance or dynamic compliance
      occurred on antigen as compared with saline challenge of sensitized rats,
      suggesting that the expression of immediate respiratory hypersensitivity in the
      rat is different from the asthmatic response in humans. The expiratory notching
      was reduced if an additional airways resistance was added in series to the
      tracheostomy tube. This may be explained as a result of reduction in the dynamic
      compression which normally produced the expiratory notching.

PMID- 4039836
TI  - [A case of tunnel subaortic stenosis associated with patent ductus arteriosus
      with severe pulmonary hypertension in a middle-aged woman].

PMID- 4039837
TI  - Oxygen supply and limiting oxygen pressures in an insect larva.
AB  - Larvae of the moth, Carpocapsa saltitans, demonstrate a diurnal activity pattern
      of rhythmic twitching which, under conditions of controlled light and
      temperature, is characterized by a predictable frequency and regularity. The
      twitching activity is shown to be sensitive to the partial pressure of
      environmental oxygen, and it ceases altogether at a particular PO2 called
      'critical'. Use is made of the 'critical' PO2 in normobaric and hypobaric
      conditions to deduce the roles of diffusion and convection in the larval oxygen
      transport mechanisms; and also as a value for the total decrement of PO2 from
      ambient air to mitochondria, in order to evaluate predicted values based on
      calculations of resistance to oxygen flow. For this latter study 'porosity' of
      the larva and the seed pod in which it is normally housed was inferred from
      measured rates of water vapor loss, and oxygen uptake rates of the larvae were
      measured by the manometric technique of Warburg. Applying these data to a model
      system the conclusion was reached that almost the total resistance to oxygen flow
      is at the spiracle.

PMID- 4039838
TI  - [Do androgens have a therapeutic role in hematology?].

PMID- 4039839
TI  - Studies on the causation of adverse reactions in microfilaraemic host following
      diethylcarbamazine therapy (Dipetalonema viteae in Mastomys natalensis).
AB  - The mechanism of the adverse reaction in microfilaraemic subjects following
      diethylcarbamazine (DEC) therapy has remained an enigma. To study the mechanisms
      involved Mastomys natalensis infected with Dipetalonema viteae have been used.
      Animals showing up to 50 mf/5 cmm of blood did not show any perceptible reactions
      when treated with the minimum effective dose of 350 mg/kg of DEC citrate, while
      those having more than 80 mf/5 cmm died, suggesting an intensity dependent
      severity of reactions. Infective larvae contained maximum amounts of biogenic
      amines followed by mf and adults in that order. 16 mg of histamine or 24 mg of 5
      hydroxytryptamine caused death when injected into healthy animals, whereas
      sonicated mf (5 million) and adult somatic products (4 mg protein) did not,
      signifying that the biogenic amine contents of the parasites were less than the
      critical level to cause death. Adult somatic products did not produce any visible
      reactions when injected into animals with microfilariaemia, but sonicated mf (5
      million) caused death. It is concluded that the adverse reactions seen after DEC
      treatment are due to the release of biogenic amines in an anaphylactic type of
      reaction subsequent to massive release of parasite antigen in a sensitised host,
      which is directly proportional to the intensity of microfilaraemia and that the
      adverse reactions are not due to liberation of endogenous biogenic amines from
      dead mf.

PMID- 4039840
TI  - [Extent of endemic yaws in Upper Volta in 1981].
AB  - This yaws investigation has been realized in the South West of Upper-Volta, in
      1981, in areas around Gaoua, Niangoloko, N'Dorola; this investigation concerns 15
      villages, chosen at random, and a sample of 1540 persons older than 4 years. The
      clinical prevalence (infectious cases) is 0.6%; the higher prevalence is observed
      around Gaoua (1.5%). Infectious contagious lesions are found especially in the 5
      14 years old group. This investigation shows a low prevalence (under 5%) of
      active yaws. The serological prevalence (Kline-test) is 5.8% and we observe also
      around Gaoua the highest prevalence (8%). Periodical screening surveys of the
      population, during years 1952-1957, had shown a low prevalence of yaws, with a
      medium prevalence of yaws around Gaoua. Yaws treatment campaigns had been
      realized from 1957 to 1960 in South-West of Upper-Volta with very good results
      (prevalence: 0.06% - 1960). Now, in 1981, we note a resurgence of endemic foci,
      especially around Gaoua, from where the infection is spreading again, this,
      threatening the gains made by previous mass treatment campaigns. Taking in
      account the present result, it is necessary to treat contagious cases and contact
      sick persons (selective mass treatment or S.M.T., recommended in areas of low
      prevalence, by the WHO scientific group on treponemal infections).

PMID- 4039841
TI  - Isoprenoid biosynthesis in filariae.

PMID- 4039842
TI  - Energy generation in filariae--a target for chemotherapy.

PMID- 4039844
TI  - [Primary obstructive and hypertrophic myocardiopathies].

PMID- 4039843
TI  - The significance of morphological studies on macrofilariae from onchocerciasis
      patients for the evaluation of control measures.

PMID- 4039845
TI  - [Spinal hyperostosis and disorders of retinol metabolism].
AB  - Vitamin A or its acid derivatives can be responsible for bony lesions similar to
      those in ankylosing hyperostosis in animals and in man. We performed a
      controlled, prospective study on vitamin A metabolism in 23 patients with
      ankylosing hyperostosis and in 17 normal controls. Beta-carotene serum levels
      were determined by spectrophotometry, and retinol serum levels by inverse phase
      high performance liquid chromatography, and retinol binding protein (RBP) by
      radial immunodiffusion. After eliminating the causes which disturb vitamin A
      metabolism or RBP, we found a significant increase in retinol (p less than 0.02),
      in the molar relationship, retinol/RBP (p less than 0.05), without zinc
      deficiency. The association of diabetes with ankylosing hyperostosis normalizes
      in a statistically significant manner serum retinol levels (p less than 0.05),
      but apparently does not modify the increased molar relationship, retinol/RBP.
      These findings suggest a toxic effect of retinol due to the increased amount of
      free retinol or by nonspecific transport by proteins other than RBP.

PMID- 4039846
TI  - Splenic pulp, plasma cells and foamy histiocytes in immune thrombocytopenia:
      combined morphometric immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - Spleens from 16 splenectomized patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) were
      compared with 10 controls (accidental and incidental splenectomy, staging
      laparotomy). Fresh unfixed material was secured for smears and cryostat sections,
      and splenic tissue was fixed by perfusion for histomorphometric,
      immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination. The volumes of white pulp,
      including germinal centres, red pulp, and trabeculae and vessels were estimated.
      The ratio plasma cells containing various Ig-classes/total nucleated cells and
      the ratio immature/mature plasma cells were determined and the occurrence and
      character of foamy cells examined. There were slightly increased absolute volumes
      of white pulp, red pulp and trabeculae + major vessels in ITP, but the
      differences were not statistically significant. There was a statistically
      significant raised number of IgG-, IgA- and IgM-containing plasma cells in the
      germinal centres in ITP. More IgG-containing cells seemed to be immature than in
      controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. Light microscopy
      showed foamy histiocytes in 7 of 16 cases, but electron microscopy showed them in
      all cases of ITP. Foamy histiocytes reacted with antithrombocyte serum.

PMID- 4039847
TI  - [Acute interstitial nephritis and uveitis: a recently recognized syndrome].
AB  - The case is described of a 14-year-old boy who presented with a 6-week history of
      fatigue, severe weight loss (15 kg) and glycosuria. On admission he was in non
      oliguric renal failure (serum creatinine 1360 mumol/l) with moderate proteinuria
      (1.3 g per 24 h), glycosuria (9.5 g per 24 h) and generalized aminoaciduria.
      Renal biopsy showed acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) with severe mononuclear
      cell infiltration. No etiology was found. The patient required hemodialysis (5
      times) and responded dramatically to therapy with prednisone (initially 75 mg per
      day), which was discontinued after 2 months. He presented again 11 weeks after
      admission with iridocyclitis of the right eye, and 2 months later with the same
      condition in the left eye. Response to local application of steroids was slow.
      The association of AIN with uveitis has so far been reported in 12 other
      pediatric patients aged 10 to 16 years, and in one adult patient; 64% were
      female. Uveitis often recurred, in contrast to nephritis. The etiology of the
      syndrome is unknown, a transient defect in cell-mediated immunity being
      postulated.

PMID- 4039848
TI  - Why do inbred mice evolve so quickly?

PMID- 4039849
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy: response to plasma
      manipulations.
AB  - We present three cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and one case
      of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) occurring during pregnancy. All patients
      and their offspring survived, and none of the infants had TTP or HUS. Plasma
      manipulations (exchange and infusions) were the effective therapeutic measures in
      all patients. The most significant complication of therapy was posttransfusion
      hepatitis, which occurred in three patients, and from which recovery was
      complete.

PMID- 4039850
TI  - [Phospholipids and platelet procoagulant activity in myeloproliferative
      syndromes].

PMID- 4039851
TI  - [Importance of genetic factors and allergy in the occurrence of chronic
      bronchitis (a study of twins)].
AB  - The authors evaluate the qualitative and quantitative parameters characterizing
      hereditary predisposition to chronic bronchitis, both non-obstructive and
      obstructive patterns. The relationship was studied between allergoses and
      individual types of chronic bronchitis to establish the primary effect of allergy
      on the formation of chronic obstructive bronchitis as compared with chronic non
      obstructive bronchitis, which was found to have a lower coefficient of heredity.
      Based on the difference in the proband concordance in mono- and dizygotic twins
      in respect of allergy the role of hereditary predisposition to the disease was
      revealed. The effects of some acute infectious respiratory diseases on the
      development and course of chronic bronchitis were studied.

PMID- 4039852
TI  - Modulation of tissue fibrinolysis from hypoxia and hyperoxia.
AB  - The effects from alterations in inspired oxygen tension on the fibrinolytic
      activity in vessel walls was studied in rats. Tissue plasminogen activator
      activity was measured semiquantitatively with the histochemical technique. During
      severe hypoxic conditions (FIO2 = 0.05) the fibrinolytic activity in the aorta
      was significantly reduced as compared to control animals. At 24 hours with
      slightly higher oxygen tension (FIO2 = 0.08) the activity was increased. When
      breathing pure oxygen (FIO2 = 1.0) the fibrinolytic activity was increased in the
      aorta after 8 hours. Following chronic hypoxia for 6 weeks (FIO2 = 0.1) the
      activity in the caval vein was increased. Changes in inspired oxygen tension thus
      affected the endothelial cells and changed their expression of plasminogen
      activator activity.

PMID- 4039853
TI  - Ultrastructure of cyclic changes in the murine uterus, cervix, and vagina.
AB  - The regional and cyclic changes in the murine genital epithelium were studied by
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy to provide a morphological standard
      to serve as a basis for investigation of host-parasite relationships in genital
      infections. Thus, we examined not only mucosal epithelial cell changes, but also
      surface mucus, normal flora and inflammatory cells. Ultrastructurally, at
      proestrus/estrus, we found uterine and most cervical epithelial cells covered
      with microvilli overlaid with mucus-like secretions and evidence of internal
      secretory activity. There was little normal flora anywhere in the tract. At early
      metestrus, we found squamous cervicovaginal epithelial cells with low
      discontinuous microrugae, extensive normal flora and many neutrophils beginning
      to migrate through the epithelium. The flora and neutrophils could explain the
      relative lack of susceptibility to infection at that time. At diestrus the
      appearance of a newly regenerated epithelium and lack of normal flora suggested
      that initiation of infection could occur at this stage; however, the presence of
      large numbers of neutrophils ready to phagocytize invading bacteria indicated a
      deterrent to infection. This study of cyclic changes in flora, mucus, neutrophils
      and epithelial cells provided ultrastructural evidence to support an earlier
      hypothesis that the greatest susceptibility to gonococcal infection in mice
      occurred at proestrus/estrus.

PMID- 4039854
TI  - Coronary arterial lesions in piglets from sows fed moderate excesses of vitamin
      D.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies were conducted on the coronary arteries of 6 week-old
      piglets from sows which received diets containing either 25 micrograms or 3.7
      micrograms of vitamin D3 per pound of basal ration. The subendothelial space
      which was rich in mucopolysaccharide and newly formed tiny elastic fibers,
      contained numerous macrophages, some of which possessed lipid droplets.
      Degenerated smooth muscle cells with pyknotic nuclei or vesiculated organelles,
      and mitotic smooth muscle cells were occasionally seen in the coronary artery.
      Piglets from sows which were fed high doses of vitamin D had more degenerated
      smooth muscle cells without stainable lipid and lipid containing cells in their
      coronary arteries than piglets from sows which were fed low doses of vitamin D.
      These results suggested that an excess dietary intake of vitamin D by pregnant
      animals may have potential angiotoxic effects on the coronary arteries of their
      offsprings.

PMID- 4039855
TI  - Distribution and binding of [14C]acrylamide to macromolecules in SENCAR and
      BALB/c mice following oral and topical administration.
AB  - To determine if differences in acrylamide distribution or its binding to DNA
      could be responsible for the reported higher incidence of skin papillomas
      observed after oral administration compared to topical application,
      [14C]acrylamide was administered by topical application and oral intubation to
      male SENCAR and BALB/mice. Portions of lung, liver, stomach, testes, and skin
      were removed, and 14C was measured at 15 min, 30 min, 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr.
      Binding to DNA, RNA, and protein was measured at 6 and 48 hr. Following oral
      administration, few strain differences in distribution or binding were noted.
      After topical application, SENCAR mice generally showed higher tissue
      concentrations than did the BALB/c mice at the early time periods but not at the
      later ones. Comparing the two routes, comparable concentrations were observed in
      all tissues except the skin where the amount of [14C]acrylamide after topical
      application was approximately 100 times that observed after oral administration.
      At 48 hr, binding to DNA was sevenfold higher after topical than after oral
      administration. The effect of route on papilloma formation cannot be explained,
      therefore, on the basis of either a difference in distribution or binding to DNA
      in the target organ. The binding of acrylamide to DNA in skin was similar in both
      SENCAR and BALB/c mice indicating that the much greater susceptibility of the
      SENCAR mice to tumorigenesis cannot be explained simply on the basis of
      distribution or macromolecular binding.

PMID- 4039856
TI  - The acute toxicity and teratogenicity of nickel in pregnant rats.
AB  - The increase susceptibility of the pregnant rat to intraperitoneally administered
      nickel (Ni) is apparent at 12 and 19 days of pregnancy and cannot be due,
      therefore, to the increase in total body weight. Teratogenic malformations occur
      when Ni is administered during organogenesis and are maximal at dose levels that
      are toxic for the dam. The yolk sac and chorioallantoic placentas accumulate Ni,
      but this does not prevent the transport of the metal to the embryo or foetus. The
      Ni concentrations in the conceptuses decrease more slowly with time than those in
      the maternal organs. In the foetuses, the decrease in concentration is due to the
      increase in weight, since the content of Ni increases between 4 h and 24 h.
      Foetal uptake of [14C]thymidine, [3H]leucine and 65Zn is unaffected at 3 h after
      the injection of the dam with 4 mg Ni/kg body wt. Incorporation of [3H]leucine
      into foetal protein, but not the incorporation of [14C]-thymidine into DNA, is
      decreased at this time. A major effect of treatment with this teratogenic dose is
      an increase in the maternal plasma glucose concentration which, in turn, alters
      the supply of the sugar to the foetus. The possible relevance of temporary foetal
      hyperglycaemia to teratogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 4039857
TI  - [Effect of combined treatment with cisplatin and radiation on the survival of
      Chinese hamster cells].
AB  - During combined treatment of Chinese hamster cells with cisplatinum and
      irradiation under aerobic conditions, there appear interactions between the two
      treatment modalities depending on the treatment sequence and the time interval.
      Treatment with cisplatinum followed by irradiation leads to a reduction of the
      shoulder of the survival curve with increasing time interval. Simultaneous
      treatment with cisplatinum and irradiation under aerobic or hypoxic conditions
      does not change the survival curve. Treatment with cisplatinum under aerobic
      conditions followed by irradiation in hypoxia does not lead to any interaction of
      both modalities independent of the time interval in contrast to subsequent
      irradiation under aerobic conditions. The specific sensitization of hypoxic cells
      by cisplatinum towards irradiation described in the literature could not be
      demonstrated with our cell line.

PMID- 4039858
TI  - Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 4039860
TI  - Isolation of the agent causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in Italy and its
      visceralization in inbred hamsters.

PMID- 4039859
TI  - The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for the serological diagnosis of human
      anisakiasis.
AB  - The serum of patients with parasitologically confirmed and one patient with a
      clinically presumptive case of anisakiasis were tested by the radioallergosorbent
      test (RAST) and counter-electrophoresis (CEP) for IgE and IgG antibodies,
      respectively, using antigens prepared from larval (L3) stage Anisakis simplex and
      larval (L2) stage Toxocara canis. All sera were RAST-positive to the A. simplex
      antigen and RAST-negative to the T. canis antigen. All sera were CEP-negative to
      both antigens. The presence of a specific IgE antibody suggests that the RAST
      could serve as a useful technique for the serodiagnosis of anisakiasis in man.

PMID- 4039861
TI  - [Protein metabolism in the cerebral hemispheres during the emotional-algesic
      stress].
AB  - Emotional-algesic stress causes essential changes in the protein metabolism of
      cerebral hemispheres. These changes may be of great importance for the
      functioning of the brain and cause the disturbances of the higher nervous
      activity when the organism is influenced by the emotional stress factors.

PMID- 4039862
TI  - [Oxidative phosphorylation in the rat liver mitochondria under activation of
      lipid peroxidation].
AB  - The immobilization stress and oxygen effect under pressure of 0.8 atm (hyperbaric
      oxygenation) considerably activate lipid peroxidation both in the blood serum and
      rat liver mitochondria. Inhibition and partial separation of oxidative
      phosphorylation being more pronounced with intensification of lipid peroxidation
      are simultaneously observed.

PMID- 4039863
TI  - [The immune system and primary open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 4039864
TI  - [Retinal macroaneurysms].

PMID- 4039865
TI  - [Prevention of post-traumatic immunosuppression with dimexide].
AB  - Experimental studies in mice have shown that Dimexid injected after trauma can
      protect the immune system from inhibiting effects of trauma factors. Dimexid when
      used in the complex treatment of a severe mechanical trauma can reduce the risk
      of posttraumatic infectious complications.

PMID- 4039866
TI  - Effects of vasopressor drugs on number of Trypanosoma congolense in ruminant
      blood.
AB  - The effects of intravenous administration of vasopressor drugs on parasite
      concentration was studied in cows and sheep infected with Trypanosoma congolense.
      Ephedrine (USP), adrenaline (BP) and insulin increased jugular concentration of
      the parasite. Maximum effects were reached between 1 1/2 and 2 h with ephedrine
      and at 2 1/2-3 h with adrenaline. Increases in parasitaemia resulting from
      epinephrine were sustained only in sheep and adrenaline gave similar effects in
      both ruminants. Only epinephrine significantly increased parasitaemia within 45
      min of administration. Ephedrine, hydralazine and guanethidine had no significant
      effects on parasitaemia. It is suggested that one of the mechanisms by which
      trypanocides increase jugular concentration of T. congolense may be by
      vasoconstriction of the capillary endothelium.

PMID- 4039867
TI  - Comparative susceptibility of embryonated hen eggs and pig lung alveolar
      macrophages to chlamydial infection.
AB  - Pig lung alveolar macrophages provided a suitable cell culture system for primary
      isolation of ovine chlamydia and sustained their growth through several passages.
      In centrifuged preparations, titres of established strains compared favourably
      with those obtained in fertile eggs, and in parallel titrations on primary
      isolation, evidence of chlamydial infection was detectable in macrophages several
      days earlier than in eggs.

PMID- 4039868
TI  - [Biological value of various types of dietary soy bean proteins].
AB  - Chemistry and experiments on animals (male Wistar rats) were made to determine
      the biological value of 4 samples of soybean proteins: 2 protein isolates (Ardex
      SP-6 and Ardex-M, ADM USA); soybean protein concentrate (UNICO, UNIMILS,
      Holland), and textured soybean concentrate (manufactured by the All-Union
      Research Institute of Fat). The content of essential amino acids and amino acid
      score of the protein samples were measured relative to three standard aminograms.
      The "growing" (the protein efficacy ratio and net protein ratio) and balance (net
      protein utilization) characteristics of the biological value were determined in
      experiments on rats fed diets containing soybean proteins as the only source of
      proteins (10% of caloric value). The Dtr of the proteins under study was defined.
      All the evaluable proteins were found to be almost similar as regards the
      biological value. The Dtr of protein isolates was discovered to be higher as
      compared to that of soybean protein concentrates.

PMID- 4039869
TI  - [Herpes simplex virus infections].
AB  - There are two serological types of herpes simplex virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2. The
      types can be differentiated by different methods. After a primary infection HSV
      reaches the sensory ganglions by the way of peripheral nervous tracts. The virus
      remains for life in the ganglion as virus genome. After activation and return
      movement a new infection can appear. A lot of various diseases are caused by
      primary infection, reactivation or reinfection. The diagnosis in herpes virus
      diseases includes the detection of virus or viral antigens and the demonstration
      of specific antibodies against HSV. Effective antiviral drugs are available for
      chemotherapy of HSV-infection. Acyclovir is a beneficial drug without toxic
      secondary effects. The prevalence of HSV-antibodies in the population is very
      high.

PMID- 4039870
TI  - Comparative biological activities of whole cell pertussis vaccine and a new
      acellular preparation.
AB  - The biological activities of whole-cell pertussis vaccine and a new acellular
      preparation were compared. It was observed that both preparations were similarly
      effective in inducing protection in mice against intracerebral challenge with B.
      pertussis, however, the acellular preparation was approximately 200-fold more
      potent. A close relationship between the degree of pertussis toxin purification
      and the increase in potency was observed. Neither preparation affected the weight
      gain of the animals within the doses employed. As expected, both preparations had
      histamine-sensitizing activity and leukocyte-promoting activity. It is suggested
      that this preparation, obtained using very simple methodology, can be considered
      as a potentially useful acellular pertussis vaccine.

PMID- 4039871
TI  - [Usefulness of urethrocytologic studies in urinary incontinence].
AB  - Comparative cytological studies were conducted in urethra and vagina of 40 women
      with stress incontinence, another 40 with urge incontinence and 53 clinically
      intact women for morphological assessment of urinary incontinence. Evaluation was
      based on maturation index, maturation value, and dynamic estrogenicity index.
      During sexual maturity no significant difference regarding proliferability of
      urethral and vaginal epithelium was found existing between clinically intact
      women and patients with stress or urge incontinence. Differences of maturation
      values above 30 between urethral and vaginal cells were recordable only from post
      menopause patients with urge incontinence, providing for certain possible
      conclusions as to the form of urinary incontinence. However, in post-menopause
      patients, oral and vaginal estriol therapy was followed by significant rise in
      intermedial and superficial cells in both organs. Improvement of stress and urge
      incontinence was recordable subjectively also from estriol therapy during sexual
      maturity, independent from urethral or vaginal cell patterns. Hence, urethral
      cytology is only conditionally suitable for differential diagnosis and
      optimization of therapy of urinary incontinence. Primarily it is suitable to
      coping for disturbances of micturition with an uncharacteristic urinary urge
      symptomatology or chronic urethritis.

PMID- 4039872
TI  - Cryptosporidium causing severe enteritis in a Belgian immunocompetent patient.

PMID- 4039873
TI  - Food consumption and mouse-killing in Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - The effects of daily 10-min mouse exposure tests on food consumption were studied
      in killer and non-killer Sprague-Dawley rats. The results showed both mouse
      killers and non-killers significantly to decrease their food consumption when
      tested daily for mouse-killing. The effect was more pronounced in mouse-killers
      than in non-killers and the day-to-day individual fluctuation of food consumption
      was greater in mouse-killers during the mouse confrontation period.

PMID- 4039874
TI  - Interaction of chemical and psychogenic stress: biochemical response to repeated
      "conditioned fear" and chronic carbon disulphide poisoning.

PMID- 4039875
TI  - Cow's milk, soya milk and goat's milk in a mother's diet causing eczema and
      diarrhoea in her breast fed infant.
AB  - An exclusively breast fed infant developed eczema and severe gastrointestinal
      symptoms when his mother took cow's milk or goat's milk, and eczema alone when
      she took soya milk. The cow's milk- and soya milk-induced symptoms were
      reproduced by double blind challenge.

PMID- 4039876
TI  - Serum melatonin in relation to clinical variables in patients with major
      depressive disorder and a hypothesis of a low melatonin syndrome.
AB  - Maximum nocturnal serum melatonin level (MTmax) in relation to some clinical
      variables was studied in 32 patients with a major depressive episode and in 33
      healthy subjects with reference to the outcome of the dexamethasone suppression
      test (DST). Significant regressions were found between MTmax levels and clinical
      rating scores in CPRS, interpreted as retardation symptoms. Four healthy subjects
      with disposition for dysthymic reactions had subnormal MTmax levels, which
      differed from MTmax levels in subjects without such disposition. Patients but not
      the healthy subjects, who reported parental loss before 17 years of age, had
      subnormal MTmax levels and differed from patients with no reported parental loss.
      Patients with no reported suicidal behaviour in clinical history had
      significantly lower MTmax levels than patients with reported suicide attempts. No
      relations were found between low MTmax levels and diagnoses, duration of illness,
      reported inheritance for depressive illness or sleep disturbances. A hypothetical
      low melatonin syndrome in depression is proposed: low nocturnal melatonin,
      abnormal dexamethasone suppression test, disturbed 24-h rhythm of cortisol, less
      pronounced daily and annual cyclic variation in depressive symptomatology.

PMID- 4039877
TI  - Relationship of dysphoric premenstrual changes to depressive disorders.
AB  - An association between premenstrual dysphoric changes and depressive disorders is
      demonstrated in 170 women. Each woman underwent an evaluation for current and
      life-time diagnosis using the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). Premenstrual
      dysphoric changes were evaluated with the Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF).
      Criteria for PAF Full Depressive Syndrome were met by 57% of women with a life
      time diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder. Only 14% of the Never Mentally Ill
      women met these PAF criteria. Eighty-four percent of those who had PAF Full
      Depressive Syndrome also had RDC Major Depressive Disorder while only 9% were
      Never Mentally Ill.

PMID- 4039879
TI  - The dynamics of rapid left ventricular filling in man.

PMID- 4039878
TI  - Posterior fossa haemangioblastomas: angiography versus computed tomography.
AB  - A series of 57 patients harbouring a total of 63 haemangioblastomas of the
      posterior fossa is reviewed. Some clinical data are pointed out and the findings
      of vertebral angiography and computed tomography scanning performed in 61 and 38
      lesions, respectively, are examined. The results obtained in the last 38 cases,
      undergoing both examinations, are compared, and some notes on differential
      diagnosis with other expansive lesions of the posterior fossa are given.

PMID- 4039880
TI  - Apexcardiogram in the assessment of left ventricular function.

PMID- 4039881
TI  - Expression of isoforms from cloned skeletal and cardiac actin genes.

PMID- 4039882
TI  - Effect of propranolol on left ventricular relaxation in hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy: an echographic study.
AB  - Many authors have shown that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is often
      associated with diastolic abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to
      determine the effect of propranolol on left ventricular isovolumic relaxation
      time (IVRT) measured by echocardiography in 20 patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy under basal conditions and under increasing doses of propranolol
      (160 mg, 320 mg, and 480 mg per day) and in two control groups, 10 patients with
      aortic stenosis, and 10 normal subjects. IVRT was less than 50 msec in all normal
      subjects, while it was always above this limit in aortic stenosis (77 msec +/- 8,
      p less than 0.001), and in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (94 msec +/- 19, p less
      than 0.001), with also a significant difference between these two last groups (p
      less than 0.01). Under increasing doses of propranolol, relaxation time often
      shortens gradually until 50 msec or less. These results show an improvement in
      left ventricular relaxation dependent on the propranolol dosage and often a
      normalization at high dosages.

PMID- 4039884
TI  - Herpetic vulvovaginitis and child abuse.

PMID- 4039883
TI  - Thallium perfusion and cardiac enzyme abnormalities in patients with familial
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Twelve patients of five families with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were
      examined. Within each family, the older patients showed dilation or diminished
      contraction of the left ventricle by echocardiography or angiocardiography more
      frequently than did younger patients. LDH1 fraction (lactic dehydrogenase
      isoenzyme) and MB-CPK (creatinine phosphokinase isoenzyme) were increased in 7 of
      10 patients. Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy showed perfusion defect or
      hypoperfusion in 9 of 10 patient. Eleven cases demonstrated remarkable
      hypertrophy at the macroscopic level. Marked fibrosis was observed in all 5 of
      the 11 patients whose histologic findings were obtained. In two necropsy cases,
      disarray was found throughout the right and left ventricles and the pattern of
      fibrosis was massive. These findings were different from those of ordinary
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is possible that each patient with familial
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may develop more prominent thallium and enzyme
      abnormalities as he becomes older, regardless of whether he develops a dilated
      cardiomyopathy picture.

PMID- 4039885
TI  - The problem of genital herpes in prepubertal children.

PMID- 4039886
TI  - Perinatal risks of neurodevelopmental handicaps.

PMID- 4039887
TI  - Chronic granulomatous disease and Torulopsis infections.

PMID- 4039888
TI  - Interactions between opposite-sex dizygotic fetuses and the assumptions of
      Weinberg difference method epidemiology.
AB  - The Weinberg difference method in twin epidemiology may be subject to a major
      error related to a fundamental assumption that seems not to have been previously
      questioned. Results presented here indicate that the mortality of like-sex
      dizygotics (DZs) resembles that of monozygotics (MZs) much more than that of
      unlike-sex DZs, who are not representative of any other group. Unlike-sex twins
      enjoy a relative protection from fetal and neonatal mortality and probably from
      at least one effect of the transient perinatal hypoxia common for second twins.
      Unlike-sex twins develop, and maintain into adulthood, an intermediate gender
      phenotype with respect to integration of craniofacial growth.

PMID- 4039889
TI  - Stability of intravenous admixtures of aztreonam and ampicillin.
AB  - The stability of aztreonam and ampicillin in intravenous admixtures containing
      both drugs was studied. Each of the following drugs and combinations of drugs was
      added to both 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection: aztreonam
      10 and 20 mg/mL, ampicillin sodium 5 and 20 mg/mL, aztreonam 20 mg/mL and
      ampicillin sodium 20 mg/mL, aztreonam 20 mg/mL and ampicillin sodium 5 mg/mL,
      aztreonam 10 mg/mL and ampicillin sodium 20 mg/mL, and aztreonam 10 mg/mL and
      ampicillin sodium 5 mg/mL. One of each of these admixtures was stored at 25
      degrees C for 48 hours and 4 degrees C for seven days. At various storage times
      the admixtures were inspected for visual changes and 2-mL samples were examined
      microscopically for crystalline and particulate matter, tested for pH, and
      assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. No visual changes were
      observed. In the two-drug solutions, pH was influenced by concentrations of the
      two drugs and stability of the drugs was influenced by the solution pH. The pH of
      single-drug aztreonam admixtures did not change during storage, but the pH of
      single-drug and two-drug admixtures containing ampicillin decreased. In single
      drug admixtures, aztreonam loss under both storage conditions was less than 10%
      but ampicillin loss was more than 10% in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and more
      than 50% in 5% dextrose injection. The stability of ampicillin was increased in
      the presence of aztreonam, and the stability of aztreonam was decreased in the
      presence of ampicillin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4039890
TI  - X-linked syndrome of branchial arch and other defects.
AB  - We report on two brothers and their maternal first cousin who have branchial arch
      defects and other anomalies. Similar physical findings in all three include
      microcephaly, downslanting palpebral fissures, highly arched palate, apparently
      lowset, protruding ears, bilateral hearing loss, slightly webbed neck, and mild
      short stature. In addition, two boys had cryptorchidism, and one had subvalvar
      pulmonic stenosis and body asymmetry. We suggest that these cousins have an X
      linked syndrome of which branchial arch defects are a component. Other
      pleiotropic manifestations of the mutant gene include microcephaly and
      cryptorchidism; body asymmetry and relatively short stature may be components as
      well.

PMID- 4039891
TI  - X-linked midline defects.
AB  - Opitz and Gilbert [Am J Med Genet 12:443-455, 1982] have postulated that the
      midline may be a kind of developmental field. Although developmental field
      defects (primary malformations) usually occur sporadically, in some instances
      they can be caused by a single gene mutation. We report on a family in which the
      occurrence of midline defects was consistent with X-linked inheritance. Anomalies
      present in the family include hydrocephalus, anencephaly, cleft lip, congenital
      heart defect, renal agenesis, and hypospadias.

PMID- 4039892
TI  - Unsuccessful treatment of fetal immunologic thrombocytopenia with dexamethasone.
AB  - Corticosteroid therapy near term for mothers with immunologic thrombocytopenia
      has recently been suggested as a clinically useful method to prevent neonatal
      thrombocytopenia. The unreliability of this approach is illustrated by the case
      of an infant with a low platelet count delivered after the maternal
      administration of dexamethasone.

PMID- 4039893
TI  - Hormone levels and premenstrual syndrome.

PMID- 4039894
TI  - Monozygotic twins concordant for bilateral Duane's retraction syndrome.
AB  - Duane's retraction syndrome applies to a wide spectrum of motility disturbances
      associated with retraction of the globe and narrowing of the palpebral fissure.
      Although many different anatomic and physiologic disturbances of the oculomotor
      system are implicated, the underlying cause remains obscure. Twin studies are
      often useful in determining the contribution of genetics or heredity to disease,
      but the occurrence of Duane's retraction syndrome in twins is rare. One of a pair
      of monozygotic twins concordant for bilateral Duane's retraction syndrome
      developed a 12-diopter esotropia in primary gaze but the other has not. Neither
      child has a head tilt and both can fix and follow with either eye.

PMID- 4039895
TI  - Surgical sequelae of abnormal eustachian tube function.
AB  - Mechanical, neural, and immunologic factors controlling eustachian tube function
      are discussed in detail. Relationships of normal tubal function to the
      development of otitis media with effusion and its pathologic sequelae are
      reviewed.

PMID- 4039896
TI  - Audiologic features of the X-linked progressive mixed deafness syndrome with
      perilymphatic gusher during stapes gusher.
AB  - Stapes gusher sometimes occurs at the moment the vestibule is opened. A flood of
      perilymph can be expected as a complication of stapes surgery in all males
      affected with the X-linked progressive mixed deafness syndrome. Audiologic
      features, such as a mixed hearing loss and elicitability of stapedial reflexes,
      are reported for eight affected males in a large Dutch family.

PMID- 4039897
TI  - Reversal of MAOI-induced anorgasmia with cyproheptadine.

PMID- 4039898
TI  - Probability-reward preferences of rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The relative preferences of rhesus monkeys for reward probability versus amount
      were investigated with procedures which contrasted general experience with
      specific instructions, and evaluated the relationship between probability-amount
      combinations and preference strength. Four stimulus objects, each signifying a
      different combination of reward frequency and amount (100% with one unit; 50%
      with two units; 33% with three units; or 25% with four units), were presented in
      pairs, one pair per daily session, with trial schedules providing the same amount
      of reward within each set of 12 trials. In Phase A, 4 monkeys (Group 1) were
      tested on the six choice-pairs with no preliminary training. In Phase B, Group 1
      was joined by an additional 4 monkeys (Group 2), and each of the tasks was
      preceded by a demonstration of the relevant stimuli, one at a time, together with
      their associated probabilities and amounts. Group 1 animals developed preferences
      during Phase A for the more frequently rewarded objects, which persisted into
      Phase B, whereas Group 2 animals showed no preferences. This result indicates
      that preliminary instructions concerning the reward combinations associated with
      stimulus objects can prevent the development of a preference for greater
      probability over greater amount of reward, but cannot extinguish it once it has
      been formed or reestablished within the context of a particular task.

PMID- 4039899
TI  - Development of infective stage Leishmania promastigotes within phlebotomine sand
      flies.
AB  - Midgut promastigotes were obtained from Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia
      longipalpis on days 3-7 after infection with cloned isolates of Leishmania major
      and Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, respectively, and examined as to their
      ability to initiate cutaneous infections in BALB/c mice. Sequential development
      of midgut promastigotes from a noninfective to an infective stage was confirmed
      for both the New World and Old World species. The generation of infective
      promastigotes from rapidly dividing avirulent populations occurred as early as
      day 3 and was well under way by day 4 after infective feed. Optimally infective
      promastigotes were recovered from midguts shortly after bloodmeal passage,
      coinciding with the time at which another bloodmeal is sought by the fly.

PMID- 4039900
TI  - [Experimental study of the ototoxicity of cisplatinum].

PMID- 4039901
TI  - [Clinical study of the ototoxicity of cisplatin].

PMID- 4039902
TI  - [Chromosome abnormalities in male infertility].
AB  - On the basis of systematic cytogenetic studies carried out with men undergoing
      examination for infertility in the couple, it is now estimated that the incidence
      of chromosome anomalies is about 5 per cent. This rate is much higher than that
      observed in the general population (0.7 per cent). Anomalies in the sex
      chromosomes are the most frequently observed since they represent approximately 4
      per cent of the cases, and the analysis of the various types of mutation shows a
      distinct predominance of the 47 chromosome composition, XXY, which is related to
      Klinefelter's syndrome. Autosome anomalies are also observed, notably
      Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations. They are more rare (about 1% of the
      cases), but the fact that they are linked with disturbances of spermatogenesis is
      an important element in understanding the control-mechanisms of this process. The
      occurrence in both man and animals of a non-random relationship between the forms
      of translocation and the X and Y chromosomes found in the seminal vesicle during
      the pachytene stage, suggests that this contact interferes with the normal
      process in which the X chromosome is inactivated. This interference could account
      for the observed deficits in spermatogenesis. The hypothesis is reinforced by the
      fact that female carriers of the same autosome translocations, whose two X
      chromosomes are normally active during the whole miotic prophase, have no
      fertility problems.

PMID- 4039903
TI  - Screening for endometrial carcinoma by endouterine aspiration cytology with
      analysis of tumor markers in the aspirates. Development and application of a new
      screening technique.
AB  - A new endometrial aspiration technique for office screening of endometrial
      carcinoma without an anesthesia was studied. In patients without apparent signs
      of cervical canal stenosis, all of whom were 50 years of age or older, the
      aspiration attempt was successful in 96%. The aspirates were used for cytologic
      study and tumor marker assays. The results indicate that screening for
      endometrial carcinoma should be based on the determination of biochemical tumor
      markers in the uterine fluid. Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) is recommended as a
      primary marker, determined as total LD and as LD isoenzyme activity. Endometrial
      cytology is recommended as a supplementary screening technique in selected cases.

PMID- 4039904
TI  - Cisplatin and plasma iron levels.

PMID- 4039905
TI  - Thrombolytic treatment with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in a
      patient with massive pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 4039906
TI  - [Hyperthyroidism caused by metastatic choriocarcinoma. A new male case].
AB  - The authors report a case of hyperthyroidism induced by a metastatic
      choriocarcinoma (retroperitoneal, lungs, vertebral and epidural localisations) in
      a 49 year old man. Tachycardia and possibly weight loss were the only clinical
      signs of thyrotoxicosis. Chemotherapy led to a remission of hyperthyroidism and
      tumoral syndrome for 4 months. Neoplasia relapsed and circulating levels of
      thyroid hormones were increased during the final stages. This is the fifth male
      reported case of choriocarcinoma associated with hyperthyroidism. Many previous
      studies suggest that hyperthyroidism is induced by HCG thyroid stimulating
      activity.

PMID- 4039907
TI  - [Presentation and trial of a new medium-duration transtympanic ventilator].
AB  - A new transtympanic aerator for medium duration of use and made of flexible
      silicone is presented, its funnel shape preventing stagnation of plugs or
      allowing their simple removal. The cavity mucosa remains visible and the
      installation of medication is facilitated. A statistical analysis of results in
      159 cases showed that it remained in place for 9 months in children and 7 months
      in adults on average. A total of 310 conical drains have been inserted since
      1981, without any incident because they are extremely well tolerated.

PMID- 4039908
TI  - Biochemical theories of schizophrenia and depression.
AB  - Schizophrenia and endogenous depression are now considered to have a genetic
      biochemical basis. Many theories have been proposed to explain their
      pathogenesis. The dopamine hypothesis, despite many short-comings, has been the
      most fruitful of the various hypotheses to explain schizophrenia. The amine
      hypothesis of depression has had a long life and has been of considerable
      heuristic value. Inevitably, these hypotheses will be refined or replaced, for
      this is the nature of science. What is most important is that the scientific
      method has been brought to bear on psychiatric problems.

PMID- 4039909
TI  - Evidence of an active glucose uptake in Rhizobium meliloti.
AB  - Rhizobium meliloti M5N1 showed immediate uptake of glucose. Glucose accumulation
      was a saturable function of the glucose concentration, and km and Vmax values for
      uptake were determined. The glucose uptake system was found to be proteic with a
      turnover of about 6 h. This system was observed to be an active ATP-dependent
      process, since it was severely inhibited by uncouplers. Glucose analogues and
      others hexoses had some inhibitory effects on glucose uptake, but not polyols and
      lactose.

PMID- 4039910
TI  - Paraplegia resulting from rupture of previously asymptomatic intramedullary
      hemangioblastoma during coitus.

PMID- 4039911
TI  - [Effect of ethyl alcohol on bile production and lipid peroxidation in
      tetracycline-induced liver lesions].
AB  - The experiments with male albino rats showed that in toxic doses tetracycline
      induced affections of the liver evident from activation of transferases and
      alkaline phosphatases in the blood serum, inhibition of bile secretion, synthesis
      and secretion of bile acids and excretion of bilirubin and cholesterol with the
      bile. Moreover, the content of the products of lipid peroxidation in liver
      homogenates increased. Acute intoxication with ethyl alcohol also induced hepatic
      disorders. However, they were less pronounced. The intoxication was accompanied
      by inhibition of cholopoiesis associated with increasing free radical oxidation
      of lipids. On combined use of tetracycline and ethyl alcohol no potentiation or
      summation of their hepatotoxicity was observed.

PMID- 4039913
TI  - Ultrastructure in septa in Blastobotrys and Sporothrix.
AB  - Transmission electron micrographs of septa in Blastobotrys species invariably
      showed central micropores. Septa of species of Sporothrix, however, exhibited
      three types of pores: micropores which were central if single, or scattered;
      central simple pores with Woronin bodies; dolipores. The results confirm the
      heterogeneity of the genus Sporothrix.

PMID- 4039912
TI  - Carbohydrate patterns and taxonomy of Sporothrix and Blastobotrys.
AB  - Within the hyphomycete genus Sporothrix Hektoen & Perkins three distinct groups
      are recognized on the basis of carbohydrate patterns. In the first group, and in
      Blastobotrys Klopotek, mannose is predominant while xylose and rhamnose are
      absent; this suggests a relationship with the Ascoideaceae. A second group,
      comprising anamorphs of Ophiostomataceae, is characterized by the presence of
      rhamnose. A third group is characterized by the presence of xylose, indicating a
      basidiomycete affinity. Three sections are erected to accommodate these groups.

PMID- 4039914
TI  - Antimycin A- and hydroxamate-insensitive respiration in yeasts.
AB  - In this paper evidence is presented for the mitochondrial localization of the
      antimycin A (AA) + salicylhydroxamate (SHAM)-insensitive respiration of the
      yeasts Kluyveromyces lactis, Endomycopsis capsularis and Hansenula saturnus. Such
      a respiration, which can be sustained by NADH and NADPH but not by succinate, is
      inhibited by high concentrations of azide. AA + SHAM-insensitive respiration is
      not phosphorylating and its postulated physiological role is to oxidize NADH.

PMID- 4039915
TI  - Blastobotrys, Sporothrix and Trichosporiella: generic delimitation, new species,
      and a Stephanoascus teleomorph.
AB  - The morphological and physiological characters of the species of Blastobotrys,
      and of a number of similar species of Sporothrix, Trichosporiella and Candida
      were studied. Blastobotrys is defined as having mother cells (primary conidia)
      which form distinct, secondary conidia. Sporothrix has non-catenulate conidia, or
      the conidia are catenulate without marked differentiation of conidia of first and
      second order. Trichosporiella is delimited from Candida by a stronger coherence
      between hyphal cells, arthroconidia being absent. Four new Blastobotrys species
      are described, and two unnamed species; two new combinations are proposed in
      Trichosporiella. Related species in other genera are briefly discussed. A new
      Stephanoascus teleomorph is described in two strains originally identified as Sp.
      fungorum. Two diagnostic keys to the described taxa, using either morphological
      or physiological characters, are given.

PMID- 4039916
TI  - Characteristics of protein tyrosine kinase activities of Y-79 retinoblastoma
      cells and retina.
AB  - Protein tyrosine kinase activities were determined in retina and Y-79
      retinoblastoma cells. Kinase activity was associated with particulate subcellular
      fractions. Specific activities were similar in both retina and Y-79 cells;
      apparent Km values for ATP and casein were also similar. Retinoblastoma-derived
      growth factor stimulated endogenous protein tyrosine phosphorylation in Y-79
      cells significantly more than in retina. Differences in protein tyrosine
      phosphorylation between retina and Y-79 retinoblastoma appear to be due to
      differences in regulation of the activity by the growth factor or differences in
      the endogenous protein substrates present in the Y-79 cells.

PMID- 4039917
TI  - [The effect of methotrexate on intracellular nucleotide pools].
AB  - In a previous study, we showed that methotrexate (MTX) enhanced the intracellular
      production of ara-CTP. The study described in the present paper has elucidated
      the mechanism of this MTX-enhanced ara-CTP production, which occurs as a result
      of MTX reducing the intracellular dCTP pool, and the decreased dCTP pool then
      allowing activation of deoxycytidine Kinase. One of the mechanisms of synergistic
      interaction between 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and MTX might
      therefore be the stimulated phosphorylation of ara-C with MTX-activated deoxy
      cytidine kinase. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography, the sequential
      changes occurring in the acid-soluble intracellular nucleotide pools of L1210
      mouse leukemic cells were analysed after treatment with MTX (12mg/kg). At 3 hr
      after treatment with MTX a reduction of the dTTP pool to 46% of the control level
      was observed. The dCTP pool was also reduced to 36% of the control level after
      treatment with MTX. The levels of the dATP and dGTP pools were not significantly
      changed, at least during the observation period. Pyrimidine ribonucleotide pools
      were almost unchanged at 3 hr, but in the sequential changes observed in purine
      ribonucleotide pools after treatment with MTX, both diphosphate and triphosphate
      pools were seen to be on the decline, the reduction of triphosphate pools being
      especially marked. A decline in ATP and GPT to 24-30% of control levels was
      observed at 3 hr after treatment with MTX.

PMID- 4039918
TI  - [Corticosteroid as an anti-emetic agent in cancer chemotherapy with cis-diammine
      dichloroplatinum (II)].
AB  - The anti-emetic effect of corticosteroid during cancer chemotherapy with cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) is analyzed retrospectively. From November
      1981 to April 1984, 23 of 50 patients receiving CDDP were given corticosteroid as
      an anti-emetic. Corticosteroids, methylprednisolone (80-500 mg/day) or
      hydrocortisone (200-480 mg/day), were administered intravenously for 1 to 3
      doses. Including 4 patients who had no symptoms, 60% of patients were free from
      nausea and vomiting. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms was significantly
      lower than that in patients who were not given corticosteroid. Corticosteroid
      reduced gastrointestinal symptoms in 2 of 3 patients who had prior CDDP
      treatment. There were no remarkable adverse reactions except acne in 2 patients.
      A further controlled study is needed to determine the appropriate dose and
      modality of administration of corticosteroid.

PMID- 4039919
TI  - [Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide and adriamycin in patients
      with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract].
AB  - A combined chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide and adriamycin (CIA therapy)
      was performed in 20 patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the
      urinary tract. Adriamycin 30mg/m2 and ifosfamide 1.5g/m2 were administered on day
      1 and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on day 2, which was repeated at intervals of 3 weeks, in
      principle. According to Koyama and Saito's response criteria, complete response
      (CR), partial response (PR) and minor response (MR) were obtained in 1, 4 and 5
      cases, respectively; CR+PR+MR in 10 cases out of 18 evaluable cases (56%). The
      duration of response was 2 to 14 months (median; 4 months) in the cases with CR
      and PR. The survival time of the responders ranged from 3 to 23 months (median;
      11 months), being significantly longer than that of the non-responders (p less
      than 0.05, Generalized Wilcoxon test). Adverse reactions observed were of a
      slight or moderate degree, with only a few cases of damage to renal function.

PMID- 4039920
TI  - Urine albumin to creatinine ratio-response to exercise in diabetes.
AB  - Albuminuria was studied in 40 diabetic children before and after a standardised
      exercise test, and also in 21 normal children; the results are expressed as
      geometric mean (95% range) of urine albumin:urine creatinine ratio (mg/mg). There
      was no significant difference between the mean resting albumin:creatinine ratio
      in the two groups, or between these ratios before and after exercise in the
      normal children. In the diabetic children, however, the mean urine
      albumin:creatinine ratio after exercise was significantly higher than both the
      value before exercise and the postexercise value of the normal children, with 10
      of 40 diabetic children showing a value after exercise greater than the 95% range
      of the geometric mean of the control group. The diabetic children were also
      studied by random urine albumin:creatinine ratios and split (erect:supine) 24
      hour urine collection; none was abnormal.

PMID- 4039921
TI  - Alcohol and the fetus.

PMID- 4039922
TI  - [Rearing of female cattle twins using complete feed pellets in comparison to
      straw pellets plus concentrate mixture. 1. Weight gain performance and feed
      expenditure as well as rumen fermentation conditions during the 4th-12th months
      of life].
AB  - The investigations with young female cattle (twin cattle, n = 30) the
      applicability of straw as sole roughage after the end of the suckling period was
      tested. Completely (I) and partly (II) pelleted rations of dried feed with a
      straw component of 65% each in the total rations were used. Feed intake,
      development of body weight, feed expenditure as well as indexes of rumen
      fermentation and of the concentration of some metabolism parameters in the blood
      serum were measured. In the complete test period (between 5th and 12th months of
      life, 243 days) there were not any significant differences between the groups in
      all registrations. Average daily weight gains of 570 g were achieved with an
      overall high dry matter (2.6 kg/100 kg live weight) and roughage (straw) intake
      (1.6 kg dry matter/100 kg live weight). The standard expenditure of energy and
      protein given for the stage of development was differentiatedly undercut. The
      energy expenditure being below the standard (ca. 10%), the total energy
      expenditure (kEFUcattle) was by 20 (II) and 25% (I) below standard expenditure.
      Energy expenditure aimed at weight gain reached very satisfactory values with
      3.68 (I) and 3.79 kEFUcattle/kg weight gain (II). Protein expenditure fell short
      of the standard for the development stage by 14 (II) and 20% (I) resp. All
      parameters ascertained of the rumen and intermediate metabolism were in the
      physiologic standard range, as is characteristic of feeding regimes with a
      relatively high quota of roughage.

PMID- 4039923
TI  - Enbucrilate as cartilage adhesive in augmentation rhinoplasty.
AB  - Enbucrilate (Histoacryl) as a cartilage adhesive in augmentation rhinoplasty was
      used in 39 cases. The unique properties of this tissue adhesive enhances the
      ability to augment the nose during cosmetic and reconstructive rhinoplasty.
      Enbucrilate interacts superbly well with local tissues, causing no systemic or
      local untoward effects. Its main attribute stems from its ability to bond
      cartilage instantaneously and with great reliability, which allows for intricate
      fabrication of cartilage implant components. Five subcategories of dorsal, tip,
      and columella augmentation are presented with their technical details outlined.
      The aesthetic and functional results in 39 cases were deemed excellent, safe, and
      effective.

PMID- 4039924
TI  - Clinical and haematological features of haemangiosarcoma in dogs.
AB  - Canine haemangiosarcoma was studied retrospectively in 31 cases recorded among
      2,871 dogs presented for necropsy (1.08%). The German Shepherd breed was more
      frequently represented than other breeds. Affected dogs were older than 5 years
      (mean 9.1 years). Nineteen were males. Presenting signs often included episodic
      lethargy and weakness, with depression, anorexia and mucosal pallor. Spleen and
      lungs were the most frequently affected sites. Haematological findings in 9 dogs
      with splenic or hepatic haemangiosarcoma included a mild to moderate normochromic
      anaemia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopaenia, poikilocytosis and increased target
      cells. Acanthocytes occurred in 90% of cases, schizocytes in 80% and keratocytes
      and metarubyricytes in 70%. Fibrin split products were increased in 2 of the 3
      cases in which they were measured. The changes in erythrocyte morphology are
      considered to be useful diagnostic features of canine haemangiosarcoma.

PMID- 4039925
TI  - Dipetalonema reconditum in dogs with microfilaraemia.

PMID- 4039926
TI  - Investigations into Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) toxicity in horses.

PMID- 4039927
TI  - Septal lesions and biting attacks in rats bidirectionally selected for
      emotionality.
AB  - Twenty-nine colonies composed of one female and two male rats of high or low
      emotional strain were established. A dominant male of each colony was identified
      based on its attacks on an intruder rat. It was found that dominant males of the
      low emotional strain colonies were significantly more aggressive than those of
      the high emotional strain. Septal lesions or sham operations were given to
      dominant males of both strain colonies. Intruder tests were followed and several
      aggressive behaviors were measured by VTR observation. Biting attacks of the high
      emotional strain decreased for 10 days after septal latencies were shortened by
      septal lesions. Lesions X Strain interaction was significant. These results
      suggest that septal lesion effects on biting attacks are influenced by artificial
      genetic operations.

PMID- 4039928
TI  - Effects of vagino-cervical stimulation upon sociosexual behaviors in female rats.
AB  - The role of vagino-cervical stimulation in the control of feminine copulatory
      behavior in the behaviorally estrous rat was examined in a complex environment
      that allowed the test female to pace her contacts with sexually active males,
      sexually passive males and ovariectomized females. Manipulations of vagino
      cervical stimulation by administration of a topical anesthetic or by probing with
      a glass rod, immediately before testing in the complex environment, did not
      significantly alter any aspect of behavior in behaviorally estrous females.
      Transection of the pelvic nerve increased the number of intromissions and
      ejaculations that the females received and increased the amount of time that the
      females spent with the sexually active males. The present results implicate the
      pelvic nerve in the modulation of motivation for coital contacts in the female
      rat.

PMID- 4039930
TI  - Weight-reducing diets.
AB  - No single diet exists for the treatment of obesity. On the contrary, a variety of
      diet regimes should be taken in consideration in this disease. Even a
      normoenergic diet can produce the desired reduction of overweight if it is
      combined with physical exercise. A moderately reducing diet has a number of
      advantages over the very low-energic ones, as it leads to the preservation of the
      lean body mass, especially when the diet is accompanied by a regime of high
      physical activity. In obesity and other metabolic disorders, it is convenient to
      include in the diet low-energy foods rich in fiber with a possibly specific
      hypolipidemic effect, such as soy dishes, pectin-enriched dishes, fruit purees
      and juices, skimmed milk yogurt, wheat bran bisquits, and others.

PMID- 4039929
TI  - Ischemia aggravating effects of platelet-activating factor in acute myocardial
      ischemia.
AB  - The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) was studied during the acute phase
      of myocardial ischemia in cats. PAF infusion (0.75 micrograms/kg/h for 4.5h) in
      anesthetized, open-chest cat decreased arterial blood pressure, but did not
      influence heart rate or biochemical indices of cell integrity. The same dose of
      PAF, however, started 30 min after coronary ligation, resulted in a significantly
      higher elevation of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CK) activity and a reduced CK
      content in the region of the ischemic myocardium. Treatment with the thromboxane
      A2 synthetase inhibitor, CGS-13080, significantly attenuated the PAF-aggravated
      ischemic cellular damage. These experiments suggest that hypoxia-generated PAF
      may contribute to the aggravation of myocardial ischemia, part of which appears
      to be due to PAF-induced release of thromboxane A2.

PMID- 4039931
TI  - Tumor promoter-stimulated translocation of glucose transport system in mouse
      embryo fibroblast Swiss 3T3 cell.
AB  - Assay for D-glucose-inhibitable 3H-cytochalasin B-binding was carried out to
      elucidate the action mechanism of the tumor promoter-induced enhancement of
      glucose transport activity in Swiss 3T3 cells. Incubation of the cells with 12-0
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) increased the amount of D-glucose
      inhibitable cytochalasin B-binding sites in plasma membrane from 13.5 to 40.1
      pmol/mg protein. On the other hand, TPA treatment resulted in the decrease of
      binding sites in microsomal membrane from 68.9 to 34.1 pmol/mg protein. The tumor
      promoter-induced translocation of hexose transport system from microsomal
      membrane to plasma membrane was inhibited by the treatment with 2,4-dinitrophenol
      before the addition of TPA but was not affected by the treatment with
      cycloheximide. By removal of the promoter from its receptor, the stimulatory
      effect of the promoter on the translocation of hexose transport system was
      decreased. The analysis by electrophoresis demonstrated that among the affinity
      labeled hexose transporter components of Mr 48,000 and Mr 55,000, the former was
      responsible for the TPA-induced increase in hexose transport activity in plasma
      membrane.

PMID- 4039932
TI  - Control of sugar transport in human fibroblasts independent of glucose metabolism
      or carrier-substrate interaction.
AB  - Transport regulation by different metabolizable and nonmetabolizable sugars was
      studied in human fibroblasts. Sugars were classed as glucose-like (D-mannose, 3-0
      methyl-D-glucose, thio-D-glucose, and D-allose) and starvation-like (D-galactose,
      D-fructose, L-glucose, D-xylose, 6-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose) based
      on their competence in curbing glucose starvation enhanced transport. No
      significant correlation existed between the ability of a sugar to curb hexose
      transport and the KI of that sugar in inhibiting hexose transport. Independence
      of the transport curb from glucose metabolism was observed since nonmetabolizable
      analogs of D-glucose when substituted for D-glucose in the culture medium
      effected glucose [i.e. 3-0-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG)] and starvation-like (i.e. 6-
      and 2-deoxy-D-glucose) effects. The KI of inhibition pf 2-deoxy-D-glucose
      transport for 3-OMG was 8.5 mM, similar to those obtained for 6-deoxyglucose and
      2-deoxyglucose on 2-deoxyglycose transport (7.5 and 3.5 mM, respectively) and on
      3-0-methylglucose transport (3.5 and 2.5 mM, respectively). An equimolar mixture
      of D-glucose and 3-OMG (5.55 mM each) was more effective than 11.1 mM D-glucose
      or 3-OMG alone in curbing hexose transport or reversing hexose starvation induced
      increases in transport. The effect of 3-OMG may be independent of glucose
      metabolism but it is possible that 3-OMG structurally mimics a metabolite of
      glucose that may interact with intracellular regulators of carrier degradation
      and or expression.

PMID- 4039933
TI  - Molecular forms of atrial natriuretic polypeptides in mammalian tissues and
      plasma.
AB  - A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay detecting for all the atrial natriuretic
      polypeptides isolated so far from human and rat (hANPs and rANPs) has been
      established by using an antiserum raised against alpha-hANP, since the antiserum
      recognizes the subsequence flanked by two cysteine residues (positions 7 and 23)
      in alpha-hANP and crossreacts with human as well as rat ANPs. By using the
      radioimmunoassay combined with gel chromatography or high performance liquid
      chromatography, it was revealed that ANP immunoreactivity in human atria is
      composed of alpha-(28 residues), beta-(56 residues: alpha-hANP dimer) and gamma
      hANP(126 residues) in various ratios. In rat, porcine and bovine atrial tissues,
      however, gamma-rANP(126 residues) was found to be a major component. In contrast
      with atrial ANP, plasma ANP was found to be predominantly alpha-form in rat.

PMID- 4039934
TI  - Requirement of a reactive alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl for inhibition of
      tumor growth and induction of differentiation by "A" series prostaglandins.
AB  - Prostaglandins of the A series have been reported to inhibit tumor cell growth
      and induce tumor cell differentiation by a yet unknown mechanism. We propose that
      these effects are due to the presence of a reactive alpha, beta-unsaturated
      carbonyl group (delta 10,11) in the cyclopentane ring of the PGA molecule. PGA
      was effective whereas PGB (sterically hindered alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl
      at delta 8, 12) and PGA conjugated to glutathione were ineffective. 15-Epi-PGA2
      was as effective as PGA2 suggesting that the S absolute configuration of the 15
      hydroxyl group is not essential. There was no correlation between generation of
      cAMP and inhibition of cell proliferation or induction of differentiation by
      various prostaglandins. The data suggest that PGA's and PGA-like compounds
      inhibit tumor cell growth and induce differentation because of the chemical
      reactivity of the alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl rather than hormonal activity
      of the prostanoid nucleus.

PMID- 4039935
TI  - Atrial natriuretic polypeptides (ANP): rat atria store high molecular weight
      precursor but secrete processed peptides of 25-35 amino acids.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay was developed for rat atrial natriuretic polypeptides. Using
      the radioimmunoassay and gel filtration in reducing and dissociating conditions,
      extracts of rat atria were found to contain mainly a 15000-dalton immunoreactive
      material, probably corresponding to pronatriodilatin. However, when isolated
      beating atria were incubated in plasma-free conditions, the secreted
      immunoreactive material consisted almost exclusively of 2500-3500-dalton
      peptide(s). These results show that rat atrial cells secrete a low molecular
      weight natriuretic peptide which is highly active, but store the less active
      large molecular weight form(s).

PMID- 4039936
TI  - Diurnal variation of methotrexate transport and accumulation in hepatocytes--a
      consequence of variations in cellular glutathione.
AB  - Diurnal variation of the methotrexate (MTX) initial influx and net uptake in
      isolated rat liver cells was studied in dependence on diurnal variation of
      cellular glutathione. It was found that the most significant differences
      concerning the MTX initial transport and accumulation were observed between
      hepatocytes prepared at 1200 hr when cellular glutathione reached its maximum,
      and those isolated at 0000 hr when liver glutathione had its minimal
      concentration. The initial influx of MTX was the biggest in cells isolated at
      0000 hr and the smallest in cells prepared at 1200 hr. The Km values in cells
      with low cellular glutathione (at 1800 and 0000 hr) were about three times
      smaller than in cells with high glutathione (at 0700 and at 1200 hr), whereas the
      Vmax value remained unchanged. Titration of external membrane SH groups by
      [203Hg]p-CMBS revealed a much larger amount of free SH groups on cells having low
      glutathione level than on those with high glutathione. Despite big initial influx
      of MTX found in cells with low cellular glutathione, net accumulation of MTX was
      significantly smaller in these cells as compared with hepatocytes having high
      glutathione level. In conclusion, the present studies confirmed a statement of
      the preceding paper on the important role of cellular glutathione played in
      methotrexate transport and accumulation in rat liver cells.

PMID- 4039937
TI  - Benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in mouse liver. Association of both 7,8-epoxidation and
      covalent binding of a metabolite of the 7,8-diol with the Ah locus.
AB  - The 7,8-epoxidation of benzo[a]pyrene, and the 9,10-epoxidation of benzo[a]
      pyrene trans-7,8-dihydrodiol coupled with covalent binding of the highly reactive
      diol-epoxide, are two key P-450-mediated reactions believed to be important in
      cancer initiation, mutagenesis and teratogenesis. New assays for these two
      reactions were developed with mouse liver microsomes. These two activities have
      apparent Km values (approximately 6 microM) similar to that of aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase activity. Twenty-six individual 3-methylcholanthrene-treated Ahb/Ahd
      and Ahd/Ahd progeny of the (C57BL/6N)(DBA/2N) F1 X DBA/2N backcross were studied.
      Both of the newly described activities appear to represent P-450 protein(s) that
      are responsible for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and that are
      coordinately controlled by the Ahb allele.

PMID- 4039938
TI  - Effect of dietary clofibrate on epoxide hydrolase activity in tissues of mice.
AB  - The effects of dietary clofibrate on the epoxide-metabolizing enzymes of mouse
      liver, kidney, lung and testis were evaluated using trans-stilbene oxide as a
      selective substrate for the cytosolic epoxide hydrolase, cis-stilbene oxide and
      benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide as substrates for the microsomal form, and cis-stilbene
      oxide as a substrate for glutathione S-transferase activity. The hydration of
      trans-stilbene oxide was greatest in liver followed by kidney greater than lung
      greater than testis. Its hydrolysis was increased significantly in the cytosolic
      fraction of liver and kidney of clofibrate-treated mice and in the microsomes
      from the liver. Isoelectric focusing indicates that the same enzyme is
      responsible for hydrolysis of trans-stilbene oxide in normal and induced liver
      and kidney. Clofibrate induced glutathione S-transferase activity on cis-stilbene
      oxide only in the liver. Hydrolysis of both cis-stilbene oxide and benzo[a]pyrene
      4,5-oxide was highest in testis followed by liver greater than lung greater than
      kidney. Hydration of cis-stilbene oxide was induced significantly in both liver
      and kidney by clofibrate but that of benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide was induced only in
      the liver. These and other data based on ratios of hydration of benzo[a]pyrene
      4,5-oxide to cis-stilbene oxide in tissues of normal and induced animals indicate
      that there are one or more novel epoxide hydrolase activities which cannot be
      accounted for by either the classical cytosolic or microsomal hydrolases. These
      effects are notable in the microsomes of kidney and especially in the cytosol of
      testis.

PMID- 4039939
TI  - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes and hormone sensitivity of adenylate cyclase in
      rat myocardial sarcolemma, aorta and liver.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity was investigated in myocardial sarcolemma, aorta
      particulate fractions, and liver plasma membranes from control and 5-day
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The basal adenylate cyclase activity was
      increased in heart sarcolemma from diabetic rats, whereas the extent of
      stimulation by glucagon, dopamine, isoproterenol, epinephrine, sodium fluoride
      and forskolin was decreased markedly. The decreased responsiveness was associated
      with a decrease in Vmax but not in the activation constant. In contrast, GTP
      stimulated adenylate cyclase in control and diabetic myocardial sarcolemma to the
      same extent. In addition, the basal adenylate cyclase activity was not altered
      significantly in aorta particulate fraction of liver plasma membranes from
      diabetic rats, but the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by catecholamines and
      forskolin (in the case of aorta) and by adenosine, glucagon, NaF and forskolin
      (in the case of liver) was diminished markedly. These data suggest that, in
      streptozotocin-induced diabetes, the responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to
      various hormones and agents (fluoride and forskolin) which act through receptor
      independent mechanisms is decreased.

PMID- 4039940
TI  - Silymarin protection against hepatic lipid peroxidation induced by acute ethanol
      intoxication in the rat.

PMID- 4039941
TI  - [Evaluation of gentamicin as a prophylactic antibiotic in exchange transfusion].

PMID- 4039942
TI  - Purification and characterization of four isolectins of mushroom (Agaricus
      bisporus).
AB  - Four lectins were purified from a mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) by ammonium
      sulfate fractionation, anion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography on
      bovine submaxillary mucin-Sepharose 4B and preparative isoelectric focusing. They
      were designated as ABA-I (pI 6.70), II (pI 5.98), III (pI 5.69) and IV (pI 5.53).
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of each lectin in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate gave a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 16 000 Da.
      Sedimentation equilibrium analysis suggested that each lectin is a tetramer of
      subunits. The four lectins were found to have quite similar carbohydrate-binding
      specificities. The hemagglutination activities of the lectins were effectively
      inhibited by bovine and porcine submaxillary mucins (BSM and PSM), and NH2
      terminal glyco-octapeptides obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage of human
      erythrocyte glycophorin A. In addition, desialylated PSM-glycopeptides were more
      potent inhibitors than untreated PSM-glycopeptides. Among monosaccharides and
      their glycosides, only methyl N-acetyl-alpha-galactosaminide inhibited lectin
      binding at a high concentration, but a synthetic oligosaccharide, O-beta
      galactopyranosyl-(1----3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D- galactopyranosyl)-N
      tosyl-L-serine, was a strong inhibitor.

PMID- 4039943
TI  - Refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) treated with cyclosporine.

PMID- 4039944
TI  - Enquiry into perinatal death.

PMID- 4039945
TI  - Why are stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates continuing to fall?
AB  - The Office of Population Censuses and Surveys are producing new annual
      tabulations including one on population birthweight distribution, and
      birthweight/cause-specific perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality rates. With
      these data it will be easier to distinguish between falls in mortality rates due
      to primary prevention of the causes, and those due to secondary prevention as a
      result of improved medical technology. Examples are given of the use of such
      data.

PMID- 4039946
TI  - Mydriatic drugs for diabetic patients.
AB  - A comparative study in healthy subjects and diabetic patients of the mydriatic
      response to topical tropicamide 0.5% with and without added phenylephrine 10% is
      reported. The findings indicate that diabetic pupils respond relatively poorly to
      tropicamide alone but adequately and completely to the drug combination. The
      pupils of diabetic patients whose eyes had previously received laser treatment
      dilated less than those from untreated eyes by a small but significant extent.
      This combination of drugs is recommended for all diabetic patients to provide an
      adequate mydriasis with a minimum of postclinic accommodative paralysis.

PMID- 4039947
TI  - Fast and slow artificial diurnal rhythms (light-darkness-light) and the rate of
      progression of retinal degeneration in dystrophic RCS rats. An
      electroretinographic study.
AB  - The RCS rat strain is characterized by a hereditary progressive degeneration of
      retina and pigment epithelium. The possible influence of varying artificial
      diurnal rhythms on the rate of progression of the degeneration was investigated
      with electroretinography (ERG). Light intensity of the 'day'-periods and the
      total light exposure were constant in two groups of RCS rats subjected to 2 h
      light/2 h darkness and to 24 h light/24 h darkness periods respectively. No
      difference in the rate of degeneration as mirrored by the ERG was seen between
      the two groups. The ERGs were unrecordable after 7-8 weeks, and the experiments
      started at birth. No changes in the ERG of controls, genetically identical with
      the RCS strain except for the retinal dystrophy gene, were seen when they were
      subjected to the two diurnal rhythms. The results lessen the probability that
      careful long-term patching of an eye in patients with retinitis pigmentosa or
      other related hereditary degenerative diseases (in order to diminish the
      influence of diurnal illumination changes leading to shedding of receptor outer
      segments) will halt or modify the progression of the disease in man.

PMID- 4039948
TI  - Vesicle release from rat red cell ghosts and increased association of cell
      membrane proteins with cytoskeletons induced by cadmium.
AB  - When rat red cell ghosts were incubated with 0.1-0.5 mM CdCl2 in 10 mM Tris-HCl
      (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C for 30 min, they became irregular in shape and released
      small vesicles. The release of vesicles was dependent on the incubation
      temperature and Cd2+ concentration. The maximum release occurred at 37 degrees C
      in the presence of 0.2 mM Cd2+. The protein composition of Cd2+-induced vesicles
      was similar to that of the vesicles released from ATP-depleted red cells. Upon
      incubation with 0.1-0.2 mM Cd2+, more than 90% of the Cd2+ added to the
      incubation buffer was recovered in ghosts and 15-20% of the ghost Cd2+ was
      located on the cytoskeletons prepared by washing ghosts with 0.5% Triton X-100
      solution containing 0.1 M KCl and 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4). Moreover, the
      cytoskeletons prepared from Cd2+-treated ghosts markedly contained cell membrane
      proteins, bands 2.1, 3, 4.2 and 4.5, and glycophorins. The association of bands 3
      and 4.2 with cytoskeletons increased with increasing concentrations of Cd2+ added
      to the incubation buffer and saturated at 0.2 mM Cd2+. The solubilization of
      cytoskeletal proteins, bands 1, 2 and 5, from ghosts at low ionic strength was
      almost completely suppressed by preincubation of ghosts with 0.1 mM Cd2+. HgCl2,
      PbCl2 and ZnCl2 at 0.2 mM each also produced an increased association of cell
      membrane proteins with cytoskeletons, whereas CaCl2 and MgCl2 did not.

PMID- 4039949
TI  - Bile salt damage of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes.
AB  - Physiochemical damage of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes, caused by the salts
      of three bile acids, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and cholic
      acid, has been investigated. Of the three bile salts, that of chenodeoxycholic
      acid was the most destructive, and the effect of the damage was examined by
      monitoring the induced 6-carboxyfluorescein release from the liposomes. For all
      three of the bile salts and under the experimental conditions, the minimum
      (effective) concentrations causing the 6-carboxyfluorescein release were below
      their critical micelle concentrations. In the case of the salt of
      chenodeoxycholic acid, the presence of cholesterol in the liposomal bilayers did
      not show any significant effect on the induced 6-carboxyfluorescein release,
      while, for the salts of ursodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, the presence of
      cholesterol tended to depress the release. Permeation of bile salts into the
      membranes of liposomal bilayers made these membranes more fluid, and this
      fluidity was monitored by measuring the change in fluorescence polarization using
      1,6-diphenylhexatriene entrapped in the liposomes. Coating the liposomes with
      polysaccharides, to make them more hydrophobic, led to their easier lysis by the
      bile salts.

PMID- 4039951
TI  - Magnesium deficiency psychosis induced by cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 4039950
TI  - Dopaminergic supersensitivity follows ferric chloride-induced limbic seizures.
AB  - Injection of ferric chloride (FC) into the left amygdala of rats produced limbic
      seizures that lasted at least 3 weeks. In addition, FC-injected animals
      demonstrated motor impairment, decreased protesting vocalizations, and
      spontaneous stereotypies during a behavioral examination. An increase in
      apomorphine-induced stereotypies was also noted, and weekly administration of
      apomorphine for 3 weeks potentiated the increase in stereotypies produced by FC
      injection. These behavioral changes were associated with changes in postsynaptic
      dopamine D2 receptors. In animals injected only with FC, an increase in the [3H]
      spiperone Bmax in the left nucleus accumbens and an increase in Kd in the right
      nucleus accumbens were noted. In FC-injected animals challenged weekly with
      apomorphine for 3 weeks, increases in the [3H]-spiperone Bmax in both amygdalae,
      the left nucleus accumbens, and the right nucleus caudatus and increases in Kd in
      the left amygdala and right nucleus accumbens were noted. Severance of the
      anterior commissure at the time of FC injection reversed most of these changes in
      behavior and dopamine receptor binding. Possible mechanisms for these changes are
      discussed, as well as the implications of these results for research on limbic
      dysfunction and psychopathology.

PMID- 4039952
TI  - Fertility control in the bitch by active immunization with porcine zonae
      pellucidae: use of different adjuvants and patterns of estradiol and progesterone
      levels in estrous cycles.
AB  - To determine the changes in patterns of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone levels
      underlying abnormal cycles in bitches immunized with solubilized crude porcine
      zonae pellucidae (cPZP), to attempt to circumvent these problems by immunizing
      with a purified zona fraction (pPZP), and to test the effectiveness of different
      adjuvants, bitches were immunized with cPZP or pPZP 2-6 times with no adjuvant,
      Freund's adjuvant, alum adjuvant, or the adjuvant CP-20,961. The bitch immunized
      without adjuvant had a low titer with a normal cycle and fertility. Immunization
      with cPZP and adjuvant produced moderate to high titers of antizona antibodies
      and infertility. Bitches with high titers experienced abnormal estrous cycles.
      Estradiol rose during proestrus, but instead of falling sharply in early estrus
      as in controls, it remained elevated. Progesterone did not rise. The moderate
      titered bitches had normal cycles and steroid patterns. Bitches immunized with
      pPZP had moderate titers. Cycles were normal after 3 injections, but after 6
      injections one bitch had an abnormal cycle. One pPZP-immunized bitch remained
      fertile but the others were infertile. Alum was the mildest adjuvant, causing no
      injection site lesions, but the highest titers occurred with Freund's and CP
      20,961 adjuvants. All three adjuvants induced titers sufficient to inhibit
      fertility. Infertility in bitches immunized with PZP may be due to prevention of
      zona penetration, because their antisera inhibited zona penetration of oocytes by
      spermatozoa in vitro. However, alterations in ovarian function preventing
      ovulation and luteinization could be involved in high-titered bitches.

PMID- 4039953
TI  - The proestrous surge of prolactin enhances sexual receptivity in the rat.
AB  - The influence of the proestrous surge of prolactin (Prl) on expression of
      feminine sexual behavior (lordosis) has been investigated. In the first
      experiment, proestrous rats were treated with a dopamine agonist, bromocriptine
      (CB-154; 100 micrograms at 1200, 1300, and 1600 h), which blocked the proestrous
      surge of Prl without affecting the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone.
      Such animals displayed depressed lordosis quotients (LQs) when compared to
      control animals at 2000 h on proestrus. However, in CB-154-treated animals given
      ovine Prl (10 I.U.) at 1400 h on proestrus, LQs were restored to control levels.
      Ovariectomized (OVX) rats primed with estradiol benzoate (EB; 2 micrograms for 2
      days) produced surges of Prl that were similar in timing to those of proestrous.
      Once again, CB-154 treatment blocked this Prl surge and significantly depressed
      the LQ, whereas replacement with ovine Prl returned the LQ to control values.
      These results suggest that the Prl surge facilitates the expression of lordosis.
      Ovariectomized/adrenalectomized (ADX) and OVX/sham ADX rats were treated with EB
      (2 micrograms for 2 days) and tested for lordosis on Day 3. Adrenalectomized rats
      responded with lower levels of lordosis than did sham controls. Administration of
      progesterone (P4) to ADX rats on Day 3 enhanced the LQ compared to sham ADX
      values. CB-154 was ineffective in reversing the enhanced LQ, indicating that Prl
      may be acting through stimulation of adrenal progestins. These data taken
      together suggest that the proestrous surge of Prl contributes to the normal
      expression of feminine sexual behavior on proestrus.

PMID- 4039954
TI  - Coital stimuli controlling luteinizing hormone secretion and ovulation in the
      female ferret.
AB  - A series of experiments focused on the masculine coital behaviors controlling
      pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and reflex ovulation in the estrous
      female ferret. An initial experiment investigated which coital stimuli from the
      male are required to induce ovulation. It was found that corpus luteum formation,
      which served as an index of ovulation, occurred in estrous female ferrets only if
      the male achieved a penile intromission. Neck gripping, mounting, and pelvic
      thrusting behavior without intromission by the male failed to induce ovulation. A
      second experiment investigated the timing and magnitude of the coitus-induced LH
      surge associated with ovulation. Blood was obtained via jugular catheters from
      estrous females in various mating situations. Plasma LH concentrations were
      measured by a heterologous radioimmunoassay that was validated for use in the
      ferret. A significant surge in plasma LH occurred only when an intromission was
      achieved by the stud male. Plasma LH was significantly elevated 2.0 h after the
      introduction of the male, peak values were reached 6.0 h later, and this
      elevation lasted on average 5.7 hours (5/5 females). No LH rise occurred in 2/2
      female ferrets in which only neck gripping, mounting, and pelvic thrusting, but
      no intromission, were allowed to occur. The ferret mating pattern and the
      resultant LH response differ from those seen in three other induced ovulators
      (cat, vole, and rabbit) in which the male's intromission latency and duration are
      much shorter than in the ferret, and in which a distinctive peak in plasma LH
      often occurs within 1 h after mating.

PMID- 4039955
TI  - Comparison of granulosa cell proliferation in small follicles of
      hypophysectomized, prepubertal, and mature rats.
AB  - The factors that control the rate of granulosa cell proliferation during
      follicular development are unknown. The object of this study was to test the
      hypothesis that growth rates of small and medium follicles may be modulated by
      cyclic alterations in endogenous hormone concentrations. Follicular growth in
      adult cycling rats was compared with hypophysectomized rats, untreated
      prepubertal rats, and prepubertal rats treated with exogenous gonadotropins. Cell
      kinetics was studied using a metaphase arrest technique and by long-term infusion
      of [3H]thymidine. Many follicles of hypophysectomized rats showed evidence of
      continued cell proliferation despite the absence of gonadotropins. In
      hypophysectomized rats, follicular growth was able to proceed to the size of the
      largest healthy non-preovulatory follicles in the proestrous rat ovary.
      Follicular growth in prepubertal rats progressed little beyond this same size
      range. Granulosa cell proliferation rates differed in immature rats and cycling
      rats. Granulosa cells in small follicles (80-180 cells in the largest cross
      section) of cycling rats grew slowly. However, granulosa cells in small follicles
      of immature rats were among the fastest growing in the ovary. These results
      suggest that, although gonadotropins are not absolutely required to maintain
      granulosa cell proliferation in small follicles, the rate at which these
      follicles grow varies under different hormonal conditions.

PMID- 4039956
TI  - [Microvascular permeability in rats susceptible and not susceptible to the
      development of experimental alcoholism].
AB  - Using the fluorescence technique it has been shown that rats predisposed to the
      development of experimental alcoholism have a higher permeability of mesenterial
      microvessels as compared to non-predisposed animals. The role of enzymes and the
      endothelium in the mechanisms of permeability is discussed.

PMID- 4039957
TI  - [Effect of the destruction of the brain serotoninergic system on the alcohol
      consumption by rats in the early periods of experimental alcoholism].
AB  - Albino noninbred rats were divided into groups, according to the duration of
      alcoholic anesthesia (4.5 g/kg i.p.), of predisposed (195.6 min) and non
      predisposed (69.1 min) to voluntary intake of alcohol. Another group included
      animals screened for 21 days according to the level of intake of 15% ethanol
      under the conditions of free choice between alcohol and water (6.15 and 2.62 g/kg
      pure ethanol per day, respectively). The animals were subjected to electro
      coagulation of the dorsal or magnus raphe nucleus or were injected with 5,6
      dihydroxytryptamine--DNT (75 micrograms/microliters) into the ventricles of the
      brain. It was established that in rats non-predisposed to alcohol intake, the
      destruction of the raphe nuclei, of the dorsal in particular, or injection of DOT
      to animals with a weak alcoholic motivation produces a dramatic increase in
      alcohol intake. In alcohol intake predisposed rats and in animals with a high
      level of alcohol use, analogous exposures do not bring about any significant
      differences in alcohol intake. The data obtained indicate that the reduced
      serotonin content in the brain is associated with an increase in the level of
      alcoholic motivation.

PMID- 4039958
TI  - The transport of 125I-labeled human high molecular weight urokinase across the
      intestinal tract in a dog model with stimulation of synthesis and/or release of
      plasminogen activators.
AB  - In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of fibrinolytic enhancement by orally
      administered urokinase, studies on the intestinal transport of urokinase were
      carried out, using 125I-labeled human high mol wt urokinase, administered
      intraduodenally in the experimental dog model with a saphenous vein thrombus.
      Using the plasma sample obtained from blood 45 minutes after intraduodenal
      administration of the urokinase, protein fractions were isolated by a sequential
      two-step affinity chromatography method, first with [N alpha-(epsilon
      aminocaproyl)-DL-homoarginine hexylester]-Sepharose followed by a specific anti
      human low mol wt urokinase rabbit IgG-Sepharose (adsorbed-eluted and unadsorbed).
      Each of the isolated protein fractions was further purified by gel filtration on
      Sephacryl S-300. The proteins isolated by the two-step affinity chromatography
      method were transported human urokinase with radioactivity in the adsorbed-eluted
      fraction, and newly synthesized and/or released dog plasminogen activators,
      probably urokinase-type and tissue-activator type, without radioactivity. In an
      antibody quenching assay, dog urokinase and the immuno-affinity unadsorbed
      fraction were not neutralized, but the immuno-affinity adsorbed-eluted fraction
      was completely neutralized by the specific anti-urokinase IgG antibody. Proteins
      isolated from control plasma (after administration of saline) by the two-step
      affinity chromatography method in the unadsorbed fraction had negligible amounts
      of activator activity. In these studies, we were able to show that synthesis of
      plasminogen activators was stimulated, with the activators being released, from
      either the liver or the vascular endothelium. Also we showed that urokinase is
      transported across the intestinal tract in the dog model.

PMID- 4039959
TI  - Ventral rhizotomy enhances regeneration of uninjured sensory neurons.
AB  - Uninjured sensory neurons show metabolic and morphologic changes, as well as
      enhanced regeneration, when exposed to adjacent degenerating ventral root fibers.
      The release of a neurotrophic factor from the degenerating nerve fibers may be
      responsible for 'priming' the uninjured neuron and thereby enhancing its response
      to injury.

PMID- 4039960
TI  - Changes in physostigmine-induced hippocampal seizures during ethanol withdrawal.
AB  - Hippocampal cholinergic neurons are sensitive to acute ethanol administration,
      and specific alterations are seen in the functioning of these neurons following
      chronic ethanol. The present study examined the effects of chronic ethanol
      exposure and withdrawal on the sensitivity of the hippocampus to local injection
      of physostigmine, an inhibitor of acetylcholine metabolism. While
      intrahippocampal physostigmine elicited hippocampal seizure activity in 80% of
      the animals tested during withdrawal from chronic exposure to low levels of
      ethanol, seizure activity was elicited in only 30% of ethanol-naive subjects.
      These results suggest that chronic ethanol exposure may increase the sensitivity
      of hippocampal neurons to cholinergic stimulation, and that some of the symptoms
      of ethanol withdrawal may be related to this change.

PMID- 4039961
TI  - Effect of copper on the binding and electrophysiological actions of
      cyclohexyladenosine.
AB  - Since copper ions irreversibly reduce the binding of cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) to
      rat brain membranes and copper levels are elevated in the brains of seizure-prone
      mice, the binding of CHA was compared in seizure-prone DBA/2 and control C57
      mice. No strain difference was detected in the binding of CHA or the reduction of
      that binding by copper, although copper was more potent than in rats (IC50 12
      microM). In rat hippocampal slices copper did not diminish the inhibitory effects
      of adenosine or CHA. The results suggest that the seizure sensitivity of DBA/2
      mice is not due to an effect of copper on purine receptors and that the copper
      binding domain of purine receptors is inaccessible to extracellular copper.

PMID- 4039962
TI  - Topographically organized midbrain modulation of predatory and defensive
      aggression in the cat.
AB  - Hypothalamic sites from which quiet biting attack and affective defense were
      elicited, were concurrently stimulated with others in the midbrain from which
      modulation of these behaviors was attempted. Stimulation of medial and lateral
      aspects of the tegmentum differentially modulated quiet biting attack and
      affective defense behavior. Facilitation of quiet attack and suppression of
      affective defense resulted from stimulation of the lateral tegmentum, while
      suppression of quiet attack and facilitation of affective defense followed
      stimulation of its medial aspect.

PMID- 4039963
TI  - Reduced metabolic response of the rat brain to haloperidol after chronic
      treatment.
AB  - Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was determined, using the quantitative
      autoradiographic [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose technique, in 47 brain regions of awake
      rats, after acute and chronic haloperidol (HAL) administration (1 mg/kg or 1
      mg/kg/day). LCGU was reduced in fewer regions after chronic HAL (19%) than after
      acute HAL (72%); the average reduction for all regions was smaller (8% and 25%,
      respectively). The reduced metabolic effect of chronic HAL is not due to a lower
      brain concentration of the drug, since similar effects on LCGU were found in rats
      which received an acute i.p. injection of HAL (as in the acutely treated animals)
      after chronic administration of HAL for 3 weeks. Furthermore, continuous infusion
      of HAL for 3 weeks or 1 day resulted in similar tolerance to the metabolic effect
      of HAL. Tolerance was not observed in the mesocortical dopamine (DA) system. The
      present findings show that tolerance develops to the effect of HAL on cerebral
      metabolism, even after 1 day of HAL treatment. Lack of tolerance in the
      mesocortical pathway may implicate this system in the neuroleptic effect of
      chronic HAL.

PMID- 4039964
TI  - Plasminogen activator is a mitogen for astrocytes in developing cerebellum.
AB  - Newborn rat cerebellum microexplants cultured in Minimal Essential Medium with
      glucose and insulin released plasminogen activator (PA), which was detected in
      living cultures by a substrate overlay assay. Gel electrophoresis of cerebellum
      conditioned medium followed by zymography resolved PA activity in two separate
      bands of 48,000 and 75,000 daltons apparent mol. wt. Using specific antisera,
      these bands were shown to be respectively urokinase and tissue-type PA.
      Cerebellum conditioned medium as well as purified human urokinase induced the
      proliferation and outgrowth of glial fibrillary acid protein-positive cells from
      newborn cerebellar microexplants. The effect was suppressed by the serine
      protease inhibitor phenyl methanesulfonylfluoride. Since PAs are most likely of
      neuronal origin, we suggest that at least one of these proteases acts as a
      neuronoglial mitogenic signal during development.

PMID- 4039965
TI  - Behavioral effects of hippocampal system lesions on rats in an operant paradigm.
AB  - The effects on both operant and non-operant behavior during an operant task of
      various types of neural damage involving the hippocampal system were studied in
      adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Various lesion types localized in the septal
      hippocampal area all produced higher than control levels of operant responding
      under both a contingent variable interval and a non-contingent variable time
      schedule, an effect opposite to that seen in rats with ventral mesencephalic
      tegmental lesions. A different lesion effect was seen for the non-operant
      activity measure in that an activity hierarchy was noted, with colchicine-induced
      granule cell lesions producing the greatest activity increase and kainic acid
      induced pyramidal cell lesions producing virtually no increase. Operant response
      rate was very sensitive to a switch in response contingency in that all groups
      significantly reduced operant responding while on the non-contingent schedule.
      This effect was not seen for the non-operant activity measure which appeared to
      be far less sensitive to contingency changes. The significance of these results
      to an understanding of the behavioral functioning of this system is discussed
      with some emphasis placed on their applicability to clinical cases of
      hyperactivity.

PMID- 4039966
TI  - Direct evidence for enhanced axon sprouting in adult rats exposed to ethanol in
      utero.
AB  - The anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was utilized to examine
      the post-lesion expansion of the commissural projection to the molecular layer of
      the dentate gyrus in adult rats prenatally exposed to ethanol, and in normal and
      pair-fed controls. Mean daily ethanol consumption by the pregnant dams was 12.0
      +/- 1.6 g/kg. Similar consumption in a separate group of pregnant dams produced
      mean blood ethanol concentrations of 102.8 +/- 5.2 mg/dl of blood. The
      commissural terminal field of rats exposed to ethanol in utero and given
      unilateral entorhinal lesions as adults exhibited a significantly greater
      expansion compared to controls. There were no differences in the HRP-labeled
      terminal fields between normal and pair-fed animals with similar lesions,
      suggesting that the effect in the ethanol-exposed rats was due to ethanol
      teratogenicity rather than reduced caloric intake. Furthermore, the effect was
      not a function of altered organization of commissural and perforant path terminal
      fields (terminal field overlap). These data demonstrate that exposure to ethanol
      in utero produces long-lasting alterations in lesion-induced axon sprouting.

PMID- 4039967
TI  - Ocular pharmacokinetics of subconjunctivally versus intravenously administered 6
      mercaptopurine.
AB  - The levels of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) were measured in the anterior chamber
      aqueous, the vitreous and the serum of rabbits 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours
      following subconjunctival or intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg in 0.5 mL of
      saline, the maximum tolerated dose as determined experimentally. The mean peak
      concentrations of 6-MP in the aqueous and the vitreous respectively of the
      subconjunctivally injected eyes were 15 and 10 times those achieved in all the
      eyes following intravenous administration. The bioavailability of the drug over
      12 hours was 21.67 micrograms/h in the aqueous and 22.22 micrograms/h in the
      vitreous following subconjunctival administration but only 1.47 and 3.50
      micrograms/h respectively following intravenous administration. The serum
      concentration of 6-MP following subconjunctival injection was about half that
      following intravenous administration.

PMID- 4039968
TI  - An ultrastructural investigation of Leishmania donovani infection in genetically
      resistant and susceptible mouse strains.
AB  - Natural resistance to the growth of Leishmania donovani in mice is controlled by
      a gene (Lsh) which is expressed, in an unknown fashion, in macrophages. Early net
      growth rate of the parasite is much higher in mice strains bearing the
      susceptible allele (Lshs) than in resistant (Lshr) mice. Intracellular events
      occurring in the Kupffer cells during this period have been studied at the
      ultrastructural level. It was found that the number of dividing amastigotes per
      thin section of infected cell was approximately 10-fold greater in susceptible
      (B10.A SgSn) than in resistant (A/J) strains of mice, both 7 and 14 days
      following infection. These findings support the hypothesis that high natural
      resistance to leishmaniasis (Lshr) is expressed as a microbistatic effect,
      exerted within the parasitized macrophage of the host.

PMID- 4039969
TI  - Serum cortisol levels in child cardiac patients.

PMID- 4039970
TI  - Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and genital mycoplasmas in asymptomatic
      women.
AB  - To establish the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and
      Ureaplasma urealyticum in women attending a family planning and a prenatal clinic
      in Halifax, cervical swabs were obtained at the time of the first visit from 491
      women who had no symptoms of genital infection. Among the women attending the
      family planning clinic M. hominis occurred in combination with C. trachomatis
      more frequently than expected (p less than 0.05). It occurred in the absence of
      U. urealyticum in only a few cases (13% of the occurrences in the family planning
      clinic and 6% of those in the prenatal clinic). C. trachomatis was significantly
      more prevalent in women under 25 years of age (p less than 0.04). However,
      mycoplasmas were as prevalent in women over 30 years as in those under 30. There
      were no significant differences in the infection rates of the organisms by
      trimester among pregnant women. More research is necessary for a proper
      understanding of the role of M. hominis and U. urealyticum in genitourinary
      infections and pregnancy outcomes.

PMID- 4039971
TI  - Reliability of an in vitro short-term assay to predict the drug sensitivity of
      human breast cancer.
AB  - The feasibility and reliability of an in vitro assay that evaluates drug
      interference on nucleic acid precursor incorporation were investigated on 135
      previously untreated locally advanced breast cancers. The assay, which was
      carried out on tumor fragments incubated for 3 hours with drugs, proved to be
      feasible on a sufficiently high percentage of biopsy specimens (70%) for routine
      clinical use. In vitro drug activity evaluated with this assay appeared to
      reproduce the clinical patterns of sensitivity of the tumor type as well as of
      the individual tumors. In fact, in vitro response rates to conventional agents
      resembled the clinical response rates reported for the same agents used in
      monochemotherapy. From a retrospective--correlative study carried out on 41
      patients treated in vitro and in vivo with the same drugs (Adriamycin
      [doxorubicin] and vincristine), in vitro effect of Adriamycin on 3H-uridine
      incorporation appeared significantly correlated with clinical response (overall
      agreement, 78%; P = 0.0032) with specific agreements of sensitivity and
      resistance of 75% and 81%, respectively.

PMID- 4039972
TI  - Anticarcinogenic action of an alcohol-insoluble fraction (LAP1) from culture
      medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia.
AB  - From the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia, water-soluble material (LEM)
      was prepared and further fractionated by alcohol precipitation and gel filtration
      on Sepharose 6B. The resulting fraction of xylose-rich proteoglycan at the void
      volume was designated as LAP1. The 25% and 50% survival rates of hepatoma-bearing
      rats were raised by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of LAP1 at doses of 3
      10 mg/kg (an optimum dose, 3 mg/kg). This fraction did not suppress in vitro cell
      proliferation of the hepatoma. Moreover, the i.p. administration of LAP1
      significantly augmented the activity of macrophage-migration inhibition of the
      splenic cells from hepatoma-bearing rats in the early stage after
      transplantation. Thus, the anticarcinogenic action of LAP1 would partly be
      interpreted by host-dependent immunomodulation.

PMID- 4039973
TI  - Antitumor activity of l-OHP in mice.
AB  - The isomeric mixtures of platinum complexes of diaminocyclohexane (DACH) had been
      found active on several murine tumors. A recent separation of the oxalato
      platinum complex of trans-l-DACH isomer allowed more precise screening studies
      and permitted the selection of one compound: l-OHP was submitted to our murine
      tumor screening system. The drug was given: (a) at doses of 1-12 mg/kg i.p. or
      i.v. on day 1, 5 and 9 compared to identical doses of cis-dichlorodiamine
      platinum II (CDDP) in L1210 bearing mice and (b) to AkR leukemia, LGC lymphoma,
      glioma 26, B16 melanoma, MA 16-C mammary carcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma
      bearing mice at 2 dosages: 5 mg/kg (minimal effective dose on L1210), and 8 mg/kg
      (subtoxic dose in L1210). Acute LD10 and LD50 appeared similar to CDDP and l-OHP.
      l-OHP administered i.p. was more active on L1210 than CDDP. On L1210 grafted
      intracerebrally and on LGC lymphoma l-OHP increased significantly the lifespan
      while CDDP was inactive. On AkR leukemia, both drugs were active but l-OHP was
      less toxic. Both drugs were inactive on murine solid tumors. No renal toxicity
      was observed with l-OHP as compared to CDDP.

PMID- 4039974
TI  - Inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene-trans-7,8-diol metabolism and DNA
      binding in mouse lung explants by ellagic acid.
AB  - The effect of ellagic acid, a naturally occurring plant phenol, on the binding to
      DNA and metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and trans-7,8-dihydro-7,8
      dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (BP 7,8-DHD) in cultured explants of strain A mouse lung
      was investigated. The explants were cultured in a rocking organ culture chamber
      for 16 h in the presence or absence of 10, 25, 50, and 100 microM ellagic acid.
      These concentrations of ellagic acid were nontoxic as determined by biochemical
      and histological methods. The ellagic acid was then removed from the cultures,
      and the explants were incubated with either 1 microM [3H]BP or [3H]BP 7,8-DHD for
      24 h. Explant DNA was isolated using hydroxylapatite chromatography, and the BP
      metabolites in the medium were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
      Ellagic acid (50 microM) inhibited the binding of BP and BP 7,8-DHD to lung DNA
      by 46 to 50% and 60 to 70%, respectively. High-pressure liquid chromatography
      analysis showed that ellagic acid (100 microM) inhibited the metabolism of BP by
      20 to 40% and of BP 7,8-DHD by 20%, as indicated by the increased amounts of
      unmetabolized substrates and decreased amounts of metabolites in the medium. The
      major BP:DNA adduct in the explants was 7R-N2-[10 beta-[7 beta, 8 beta, 9 alpha
      trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene]yl: deoxyguanosine, and its
      formation was reduced by 60 to 65% in the presence of 100 microM ellagic acid.
      These data suggest that the reduction of BP and BP 7,8-DHD metabolite binding to
      DNA by ellagic acid may have been due to inhibition of the formation and/or
      removal of BP 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide prior to its binding to DNA.

PMID- 4039976
TI  - Effects of combined treatments of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), 5
      fluorouracil, and X-rays on growth of human cancer nodules maintained in
      continuous organotypic culture.
AB  - The effectiveness of combined treatments of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis
      DDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra), and X-rays on growth inhibition of human pulmonary
      cancer nodules maintained in continuous organotypic culture was tested. To obtain
      the most effective growth inhibition, a cis-DDP treatment had to be preceded by
      an X-irradiation, whereas a 5-FUra treatment had to be postirradiated. This
      indicates the importance of the order in which the different combinations must be
      done. A mixture of 5-FUra and cis-DDP was even more effective than the X-ray and
      drug combination but only for a short period of time; reduction of nodule size
      and cell loss occurred during the 2 weeks following the treatment. After this
      period, as happened also with nodules treated with 5-FUra alone, vigorous
      regrowth occurred after treatment with cis-DDP plus 5-FUra, and all the nodules
      regained the size of the controls sooner or later. It is to be noted that, if X
      rays were applied after a 5-FUra treatment, this regrowth is inhibited at least
      up to 45 days after the treatment.

PMID- 4039975
TI  - Estrous cycle modification of rat mammary tumor induction by a single dose of N
      methyl-N-nitrosourea.
AB  - The potential of individual stages of the rat estrous cycle to alter the
      incidence and subsequent behavior of mammary carcinomas induced by a single dose
      of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on diestrus, proestrus, or estrus was examined. Mean
      latencies to first tumor appearance in diestrous, proestrous, and estrous groups
      were 86, 71, and 69 days, respectively (P less than 0.05 diestrus versus
      proestrus, estrus). Tumor incidence in diestrous rats given injections (73%) was
      significantly lower than in proestrous (87%) or estrous (89%) animals given
      injections, as was the mean number of tumors per rat. However, the number of days
      required for tumors to reach 1 cm in diameter in diestrous animals given
      injections (13.0) was significantly lower as compared with tumors in rats given
      injections during proestrus (19.3) or estrus (22.2). In later growth stages, the
      diestrous tumor doubling time was one-half that of tumors in proestrous rats
      given injections. Flow cytometric analysis of tumor tissues during midlog and
      later growth phases did not reveal any significant changes in ploidy or growth
      fractions between groups. Further, there was no significant difference in tumor
      cytosol estrogen receptor incidence, affinity (Kd), or content between groups,
      although tumor cell nuclear receptor for estrogen was higher (38.3 fmol/mg DNA; P
      less than 0.05) in proestrous rats given injections than in diestrous (21.6) or
      estrous (21.8) animals given injections. These data support the concept that the
      prevailing hormonal profile of the estrous cycle at the time of tumor initiation
      modulates the subsequent induction of mammary tumors. Further, the absence of any
      observed difference in tumor behavior between proestrous and estrous rats given
      injections suggests that prolactin does not impose an additive or synergistic
      effect on the initial stage of tumor induction when mammary gland epithelial cell
      DNA is previously stimulated by estrogen.

PMID- 4039977
TI  - Altered actin cytoskeletal patterns in two premalignant stages in human colon
      carcinoma development.
AB  - Primary culture of human colonic biopsies converts the single cell thick
      epithelial layer from a highly indented sheet in vivo into a flat patch on the
      surface of a Petri dish. Migration of cells from biopsies in a continuous sheet
      to form the patch cultures allows the cultured cells in large part to retain the
      junctional complexes and membrane interdigitations which connect adjacent cells
      in vivo and therefore to maintain their spatial relationships to neighboring
      cells. Migration of the cells onto a flat surface also allows visualization of
      their actin cables (E. Friedman, M. Verderame, S. Winawer, and R. Pollack, Cancer
      Res., 44: 3040-3050, 1984). Actin organization patterns have been studied in
      primary patch cultures of colonic epithelial cells from four stages in the
      development of colon cancer: normal tissue, normal-appearing but preneoplastic
      cells characteristic of familial polyposis patients, benign tumors or adenomas
      from familial polyposis patients, and benign and malignant tumors from patients
      in the general population. Carcinomas exhibited the least number of actin cables,
      while adenomas contained the greatest concentration. Similar actin patterns were
      seen in both familial polyposis and nonpolyposis adenomas. The preneoplastic
      prebenign tumor stage characteristic of familial polyposis patients had less
      actin cables than either normal cells or benign tumor cells. Thus actin
      organization loss characterized the transition from the normal colonic epithelial
      cell to the preneoplastic nontumor cell. The ability to form actin cables was
      then regained with the transition from the preneoplastic pretumor cell to the
      benign tumor cell and lost again with the benign tumor to malignant tumor
      transition. The complexity of these changes in actin organization during the step
      wise transformation of colonic epithelial cells was not predicted from the simple
      model of actin cable loss accompanying fibroblast transformation.

PMID- 4039978
TI  - Cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for advanced
      endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - Nine of 19 patients (47%) with widespread or recurrent endometrial carcinoma
      responded to chemotherapy with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. Two
      complete clinical responses and seven partial responses were achieved. A "second
      look" laparotomy documented the complete response in one patient. The addition of
      cisplatin to doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide increased toxicity without
      increasing the antitumor activity previously reported for the two-drug
      combination. Performance status had a marked influence on response, while sites
      of metastases, amount of residual disease, and histologic grade did not affect
      the response rate. A schema for the treatment of patients with endometrial
      carcinoma with progestins and/or cytotoxic chemotherapy is suggested.

PMID- 4039979
TI  - Combined chemotherapy (vindesine, lomustine, cisplatin, and cyclophosphamide) and
      radical radiotherapy in inoperable nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the
      lung.
AB  - Thirty-three evaluable patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of
      the lung were entered in a phase II study combining chemotherapy (vindesine,
      lomustine, cisplatin, and cyclophosphamide) and radical radiotherapy. Fourteen
      patients had an objective response rate of 42% (two complete responses and 12
      partial responses) with the first two cycles of chemotherapy. All patients
      received radiation therapy to the primary tumor, mediastinum, and supraclavicular
      nodes, and responders to chemotherapy received four additional cycles. On final
      evaluation, 18 patients (54.5%) achieved complete response and six patients (18%)
      achieved partial response. The objective response rate was 73% with the combined
      therapy. The median survival was 15.9 months. Toxicity was acceptable. We
      conclude that our results justify a phase III study comparing combined treatment
      versus radiotherapy alone.

PMID- 4039980
TI  - Treatment of advanced endometrial carcinoma with doxorubicin and cisplatin:
      effects on both untreated and previously treated patients.
AB  - Sixteen patients with advanced (International Federation of Gynecology and
      Obstetrics stage III and IV) adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were treated with
      twelve 28-day cycles of doxorubicin and cisplatin. Response was achieved in 92%
      of patients (11 responses among 12 patients) who had received no prior
      chemotherapy and in 50% (two responses among four patients) of previously treated
      patients. Median survival was 10 months. Doxorubicin and cisplatin were readily
      administered on an outpatient basis with comparatively low major toxic effects,
      primarily hematologic, renal, and gastrointestinal. These results indicate that
      doxorubicin and cisplatin combination therapy is effective with acceptable
      toxicity in patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma.

PMID- 4039981
TI  - Effect of cyclophosphamide on the mitomycin-induced syndrome of thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 4039982
TI  - Microscopic studies of the vascular hyperplasia in lymphoid proliferations
      susceptible to lymphomatous transformation.

PMID- 4039983
TI  - Histoenzymological circuits involving nuclei of medulla oblongata of golden
      hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)--a topographical and functional evaluation of
      acetylcholinesterase activity.

PMID- 4039984
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the epipodophyllotoxin derivative etoposide (VP
      16-213) in patients with gestational choriocarcinoma and malignant teratoma.
AB  - Serum levels of etoposide obtained 5 min after administration of 100 mg/m2 were
      between 11 and 30 micrograms/ml. By 24 h after drug administration, serum levels
      had fallen to between 0.19 and 1.11 micrograms/ml. Interpatient variation of
      etoposide serum concentrations obtained 5 min after drug administration was low,
      whereas interpatient variation 24 h later was noticeably higher. A significant
      correlation was observed (r = -0.698) between the WBC nadir and the mean
      etoposide serum concentrations, measured 24 h after drug administration, in
      patients receiving etoposide in combination with cyclophosphamide and actinomycin
      D. However, a relationship was not observed in those patients receiving etoposide
      alone. There was no observed difference in the efficacy or toxicity of 500 mg/m2
      etoposide when the dose was administered either as 100 mg/m2 on each of 5
      consecutive days or as 250 mg/m2 on days 1 and 3. There was no significant
      difference between AUC values calculated from etoposide concentration versus time
      profiles in patients receiving the drug on days 1 and 3 and those values obtained
      with the 5-day schedule. Patients resistant to a conventional dose of etoposide
      were given a higher dose of 1 g/m2/24 h, but this schedule did not cause an
      increase in efficacy despite an increase in serum levels of the drug. CSF levels
      in two of these patients receiving high-dose etoposide were 1.28% and 2.09% of
      the serum concentrations.

PMID- 4039985
TI  - Phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and cisplatin (FAP) in advanced
      gastric cancer.
AB  - Twenty patients (15 male, 5 female) with nonresectable gastric adenocarcinoma
      were treated with FAP (5-fluorouracil 300 mg/m2 IV on days 1-5, adriamycin 50
      mg/m2 IV on day 1, cisplatin 20 mg/m2 IV on days 1-5). Each course was repeated
      every 21 days. Eighteen patients were evaluable for response. The median age was
      51 years, the range extending from 34 to 68. None had undergone chemotherapy. The
      median Karnofsky performance score was 80%. Nine (50%) partial responses (PR) and
      eight (44%) cases of stable disease (SD) were observed. One patient showed
      progression of the disease and died after 6 months. The median duration of
      response was 6+ months for PR and 6 months for SD. The median survival was 12
      months. FAP toxicity was moderate, with the median WBC nadir 3.2 X 10(9)/l (range
      0.7-4.2). One patient in PR died of septicemia. Nausea and vomiting were not dose
      limiting. Neuropathy was mild in four and moderate in two patients. This FAP
      combination appears to be as effective with respect to response rate and duration
      as reported for 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and mitomycin C (FAM).

PMID- 4039986
TI  - A comparison of the thrombolytic and hemorrhagic effects of tissue-type
      plasminogen activator and streptokinase in rabbits.
AB  - Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a promising thrombolytic agent
      because it can produce thrombolysis without inducing a plasma proteolytic state.
      It is uncertain if this potentially important feature renders t-PA less
      hemorrhagic than other plasminogen activators. We have compared the hemorrhagic
      and thrombolytic effects of t-PA and streptokinase in rabbits. Streptokinase,
      4000 U/kg/hr over 4 hr, failed to produce significant thrombolysis and 8000
      U/kg/hr streptokinase over 4 hr produced only 28 +/- 6% thrombolysis. Both
      streptokinase regimens were associated with a plasmin-mediated plasma proteolytic
      state and both streptokinase regimens produced a significant increase in
      hemorrhage that was evident within 15 min of beginning the infusion and was
      progressive over the 4 hr of drug administration. In contrast, t-PA in a dose of
      7500 U/kg/hr produced 35 +/- 6% thrombolysis, but it did not produce a plasmin
      mediated plasma proteolytic state or a significant increase in hemorrhage over
      the 4 hr of infusion. t-PA in a dose of 15,000 U/kg/hr produced 85 +/- 4%
      thrombolysis but was associated with a plasmin-mediated proteolytic state and
      produced significant bleeding which, in contrast to streptokinase-induced
      bleeding, was delayed in onset. Therefore, t-PA induced less hemorrhage than
      streptokinase at doses that produced more effective thrombolysis. Bleeding with
      both thrombolytic agents was associated with a plasmin-mediated proteolytic
      state.

PMID- 4039987
TI  - Human tissue-type plasminogen activator: from the laboratory to the bedside.

PMID- 4039988
TI  - Ultrastructural and immunomorphologic study of perinuclear filaments in Merkel
      cell tumors.

PMID- 4039989
TI  - A routine solid-phase assay for the binding capacity of sex hormone binding
      globulin.

PMID- 4039990
TI  - Mechanisms concerned with blood pressure variability throughout the day.
AB  - Blood pressure variability throughout the day has been found to be inversely
      related to baroreflex sensitivity, as is the response to injected phenylephrine,
      mental stress and sleep. It is concluded that variability in blood pressure
      results in some degree from defective buffering of blood pressure by the
      baroreceptors.

PMID- 4039991
TI  - Blood pressure variability in health, hypertension and autonomic failure.
AB  - 24h intra-arterial pressure monitoring was used to examine blood pressure
      variability in 5 normal volunteers, 137 subjects with suspected or established
      essential hypertension and 9 subjects with autonomic failure. Subjects with
      autonomic failure showed increased short-term blood pressure variability while
      active but reduced values at rest. Heart rate variability was low at all times.
      24h recordings were reduced to hourly mean values and two indices of variability
      derived - day-night difference and average hourly change. For blood pressure,
      subjects with autonomic failure showed negative values of the former but high
      values of the latter; both indices of heart rate variability were low. In the
      remaining group, the relationship of these indices to constitutional factors,
      mean blood pressure and indices of physical activity during the study was
      explored. Day-night difference in systolic pressure was negatively correlated
      with mean pressure and average hourly change positively related to age. No other
      relationship was significant.

PMID- 4039992
TI  - Superiority of 24-hour measurement of blood pressure over clinic values in
      determining prognosis in hypertension.

PMID- 4039993
TI  - Technique for 24 hour recording of continuous high fidelity arterial pressure and
      electrocardiogram in ambulatory patients.

PMID- 4039994
TI  - Reproducibility of blood pressure values in normotensive subjects.
AB  - The reproducibility of whole-day blood pressure (BP) averages was evaluated in 56
      normal volunteers. Blood pressure was monitored using a non-invasive automatic
      device that measured BP at 7.5 minute intervals for a 24h period. The whole-day
      systolic BP averages were closely similar on the two study days, 119 +/- 10 (S.D)
      and 117 +/- 11 mm Hg. A difference between the two whole-day averages of systolic
      blood pressure of greater than 10 mm Hg was found in 10 subjects. Values for the
      diastolic BP averages were 75 +/- 7 and 73 +/- 8 mm Hg with differences of
      greater than 5 mm Hg found in 15 subjects. Strong consistency of BP averages
      during the separate study days was also found for shorter monitoring periods: the
      2h period (8 AM to 10 AM), the daytime period (6AM to 10PM) and the nighttime
      period (10PM to 6AM). Thus, blood pressure values obtained using a non-invasive
      ambulatory monitoring device are reproducible in the majority of normotensive
      control subjects.

PMID- 4039995
TI  - Secretory otitis media: grommets and swimming.

PMID- 4039996
TI  - Effects of testosterone on the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in two
      strains of chicken.
AB  - The effect of testosterone on organ-specific spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis
      (SAT) was examined in two strains of chicken: the Obese (OS) strain, which
      develops SAT at several weeks of age and the control Special C (Sp. C) strain.
      Both were originally selected from the C strain and are homozygous for the B13
      major histocompatibility haplotype. Testes development and testosterone levels in
      the OS strain were considerably less than those found in comparably aged birds of
      the Sp. C strain. Testosterone supplementation of the OS strain significantly
      decreased thyroid infiltration by lymphocytes while castration of the Sp. C
      strain significantly enhanced infiltration. These results suggest that
      testosterone reduces SAT and that the hormonal constitution in both strains of
      chicken affect the frequency of occurrence and severity of this disorder.

PMID- 4039997
TI  - Diffuse hypoplasia of the aorta as a possible cause of cardiac hypertrophy.
AB  - Left ventricular hypertrophy is caused by a wide variety of cardiovascular
      conditions, including systemic hypertension, aortic valvular disease, and
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This paper describes a case of diffuse hypoplasia of
      the aorta in left ventricular hypertrophy. This condition has not previously been
      well documented. We emphasize the need for evaluation of aortic dimension when
      systolic hypertension and vascular bruits are observed in association with
      myocardial hypertrophy.

PMID- 4039998
TI  - Temporal variation in the disposition of theophylline and its metabolites.
AB  - The temporal aspects of theophylline disposition are of interest, as there are
      predictable time-dependent fluctuations in the pulmonary function of patients
      with asthma and theophylline serum concentrations may vary throughout a 24-hour
      period. We studied the extent to which there are significant temporal changes in
      theophylline kinetics and the relative contribution of distribution, metabolism,
      and excretion to this phenomenon. Eight healthy men received an intravenous dose
      (6 mg/kg) of theophylline at 8 AM and 8 PM at 1-week intervals. Serum and urine
      were analyzed for theophylline and its three major metabolites by HPLC.
      Distribution volumes and total body and nonrenal clearances showed no differences
      between morning and evening dosing. The elimination rate was 12% greater after
      morning dosing. Renal clearance was 24% greater after morning dosing and was
      accompanied by an increased excretion fraction of unchanged theophylline. Based
      on total urinary metabolite excretion and the metabolite serum AUCs, there was no
      evidence of time-dependent variation in theophylline biotransformation. Although
      theophylline renal clearance is greater after morning dosing, it is only a small
      fraction of the overall drug elimination and does not change the total body
      clearance after morning or evening dosing.

PMID- 4039999
TI  - Appearance of ranitidine in breast milk following multiple dosing.

PMID- 4040000
TI  - Premenstrual syndrome.
AB  - PMS is a constellation of symptoms, both somatic (breast tenderness, bloating,
      headache) and psychologic-behavioral (irritability, hostility, depression) that
      recur prior to the menses in about 5% to 20% of all menstruating women. Such
      women should be evaluated with a thorough history and physical examination, and
      if the diagnosis is firmly established by observing a temporal relationship of
      the symptoms with the premenstruum, therapy should be initiated. When treating
      PMS, reassurance should always be offered to the patient along with counseling
      regarding life-style and dietary changes. Symptomatic relief may be provided with
      any number of medications, including diuretics, NSAIDs, and possibly
      progesterone. Oral contraceptive therapy may also be helpful. Although patience
      is certainly required in order to deal with this often frustrating problem, it
      should be remembered that patient satisfaction is commonly within reach.

PMID- 4040001
TI  - Age-sex differences in the expression of agonistic behavior in rhesus monkey
      (Macaca mulatta) groups.
AB  - Both age and sex influence rhesus monkey agonistic behavior. In intragroup
      episodes, submission was most frequent in juveniles, but aggression increased
      steadily with age, albeit much more sharply in females. As infants, males were
      more often involved in agonistic behavior than were females, but this sex
      difference reversed with age. A notable change in the frequency and forms of
      agonistic expression occurred in adolescent males. By the time they became
      adults, their participation in agonistic episodes was silent and brief and rarely
      involved biting. Adolescent males received high frequencies of aggressive
      responses, and this is hypothesized to account for the marked shift in adult male
      patterns of participation in intragroup agonistic interactions, as relative to
      females whose basic pattern of agonistic expression does not change with age.

PMID- 4040002
TI  - Early experience and social processes in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): II.
      Complex social interaction.
AB  - Differences in simple and complex social behavior were examined between monkeys
      reared with either animate, though nonconspecific, or inanimate surrogate
      mothers. In the first experiment, members of each rearing condition were formed
      into 6-member social groups for ten 5.5-hr trials. In the second experiment,
      members of each rearing condition were formed into social groups twice daily, one
      formation comprising all 6 group-members and one comprising 5 group-members, with
      a different individual excluded each day. Although members of both groups
      displayed deficient forms of social behavior, individuals reared with animate
      companions were able to use their limited social repertoires in more
      sophisticated ways, depending upon the social context. The results are discussed
      in terms of two "tasks" of social ontogeny, the acquisition of behavioral and
      social competences.

PMID- 4040003
TI  - Different sister chromatid exchange rates in XX and XY cells of a pair of human
      chimeric twins.
AB  - To explore the influence of sex on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) level, a pair
      of chimeric twins was examined for differences in SCE frequency between the XX
      and XY cells present in each individual. By this method, the influence of
      possible differences in environmental exposure was eliminated. SCE levels were
      varied by growing the cells in media containing 0, 1.3 X 10(-7), or 6.5 X 10(-7)
      M melphalan. XX cells showed a higher SCE count than XY cells. This difference
      increased with increasing SCE level and ranged from 5.4% to 7.8% (P = 0.0003) of
      the SCE counts. Only about 2% of the difference could be explained by the higher
      amount of DNA present in the XX cells than in the XY cells. In this case XX cells
      seemed to be more sensitive to SCE-inducing agents than XY cells.

PMID- 4040004
TI  - Structure and activity of salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila gibberosa.
AB  - In Drosophila gibberosa the maximum secretory output of the salivary glands is in
      the prepupa rather than in the late third-instar larva. Using salivary chromosome
      maps provided here we have followed puff patterns from late second-instar larvae
      through the time of histolysis of the salivary glands 28-32 h after pupariation
      and find low puff activity correlated with low secretory activity throughout much
      of the third larval instar. Ecdysteroid-sensitive puffs were not observed at the
      second larval molt but do appear prior to pupariation initiating an intense cycle
      of gene activity. The second cycle of ecdysteroid-induced gene activity a day
      later, at the time of pupation, appears somewhat damped, especially for late
      puffs. Salivary chromosome maps provided here may also be used to identify
      homologous loci in fat body, Malpighian, and midgut chromosomes.

PMID- 4040005
TI  - Luteinizing hormone beta-subunit mRNA amounts increase during the preovulatory
      surge of luteinizing hormone in the ewe: the highest levels are observed at the
      completion of the peak.
AB  - Amounts of mRNA for luteinizing hormone (LH) beta-subunit were assessed during
      selected times in the normal estrous cycle of sheep. These times spanned the
      luteal phase through the preovulatory LH surge, and included groups designated
      as: (i) day 12 of the cycle (day 12); (ii) 24 hr before the onset of the expected
      behavioral estrus (E - 24); and (iii) 5, 15, and 25 hr after the onset of
      behavioral estrus (E + 5, E + 15 and E + 25). These groups were characterized by
      criteria such as serum and pituitary LH concentrations, serum progesterone, and
      ovarian morphology. Specific LH beta-subunit mRNA was evaluated by Northern
      transfers, using a specific bovine LH beta cDNA probe. Slopes were determined
      using a linear regression analysis and then expressed as fold stimulation
      relative to the values for the day 12 group. The results indicate that LH beta
      mRNA amounts increase after day 12, reaching a value of approximately 12-fold by
      E + 25. When correlated with serum and pituitary LH amounts, it is observed that
      the amounts of beta mRNA increase in a fashion parallel to serum and pituitary LH
      concentrations through the time E + 5. After this time, LH beta mRNA amounts
      continue to increase despite a dramatic fall in both serum and pituitary LH.
      These results suggest that LH beta mRNA amounts are regulated during the LH
      preovulatory surge.

PMID- 4040006
TI  - The effect of topically applied prostaglandin inhibitors on the laser-induced
      disruption of the blood aqueous barrier.
AB  - The therapeutic effect of topically applied prostaglandin inhibitors on the laser
      induced disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier was investigated in six series of
      five rabbits each. One series was not coagulated and served as baseline, and in a
      reference group laser coagulation was performed without pretreatment with a
      prostaglandin inhibitor. In four series the iris laser coagulation of the left
      eyes was preceded by topical application of a prostaglandin inhibitor. The right
      eyes served as controls for the contralateral effect on the blood aqueous
      barrier. After laser coagulation the intraocular pressure was monitored at 10-min
      intervals, and the anterior chamber was tapped for analysis of the protein
      concentration and the lactate dehydrogenase activity. Pretreatment with
      dexamethasone eyedrops and indomethacin eyedrops markedly blocked the laser
      induced disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier. The level of protein
      concentration in the aqueous humor after laser coagulation was much less after
      pretreatment with dexamethasone or indomethacin eyedrops. The effect was
      significant, both for the laser-treated eyes and for the noncoagulated fellow
      eyes (p less than 0.025). The subconjunctival pretreatment with dexamethasone 1
      or 24 h before laser coagulation had no significant effect with respect to the
      protection of the blood aqueous barrier.

PMID- 4040007
TI  - [Therapeutic effects of prostaglandin E1 on 59 cases of heart dysfunction].

PMID- 4040008
TI  - [Acute Cryptosporidium enteritis without immunologic weakness].

PMID- 4040009
TI  - Embryonic head posture and palatal shelf elevation.
AB  - During embryonic and fetal stages of human development, elongation and
      straightening of the neck occurs. Authors have suggested that the resulting
      change in head posture lifts the lower border of the mandible from the
      pericardial region, so allowing jaw movements to assist the withdrawal of the
      tongue from between the palatal shelves. This aids elevation of the palatal
      processes prior to fusion. This paper reports on histological sections of 28 mm
      twin embryos which demonstrate that palatal elevation can take place in the
      absence of elongation and straightening of the neck, demonstrated by observation
      of existence of cephalic, pontine and cervical neural flexure of the brain.

PMID- 4040010
TI  - Creamatocrit, carbon content, and energy value of pooled banked human milk:
      implications for feeding preterm infants.
AB  - It is convenient to calculate milk energy from the creamatocrit but in order to
      assess the accuracy with which energy content can be predicted in this way, the
      creamatocrit, the percentage of carbon, and the calorie value of milk were
      determined in 11 samples of pooled pasteurised human milk. The calculated milk
      energy was compared with direct measurements of milk energy by static bomb
      calorimetry. The errors in calculation ranged from -5.6 kcal/100 ml to + 19.5
      kcal/100 ml in milk samples whose measured energy was 34.5 to 63.1 kcal/100 ml.
      In 9 milk samples energy values were over-estimated by calculation and in the
      remaining 2 milk samples energy values were underestimated. The correlation
      between creamatocrit and measured energy value in pooled pasteurised milk was
      weaker than in previous studies using fresh milk. The percentage carbon was
      determined in our milk samples as a measure of their total organic constituents,
      and this appeared to be a more accurate predictor of milk energy than the
      predictive value of the creamatocrit which is only a measure of milk fat. In
      pooled pasteurised milk the relatively weak predictive value of the creamatocrit
      may be due to variations in the other constituents of milk apart from fat which
      provide energy, namely protein and lactose.

PMID- 4040011
TI  - Animal models of male infertility: mice bearing single-gene mutations that induce
      infertility.
AB  - Genetically defined mouse models of male infertility are described in the present
      report. The mice were rendered infertile by one of the following gene mutations:
      Ames dwarf, dwarf, flipper-arm, hightail, hypothyroid, little, pygmy, stubby. The
      effects of each gene mutation on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis
      were elucidated by a comparison of the mutant mice to their normal siblings.
      Testicular steroidogenesis was assessed directly by determining steroid secretion
      by testes perfused in vitro. The study provides the first comprehensive
      assessment of testicular function in the mutant mice. The eight gene mutations
      can be classified into two groups based on the results. One group of gene
      mutations (Ames dwarf, dwarf, flipper-arm, pygmy) specifically depress
      spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis. The infertility of these mutant
      mice can be linked to the lowered total sperm production. The second group of
      gene mutations (hightail, hypothyroid, little, stubby) do not specifically
      depress either spermatogenesis or testosterone secretion. Subsequently, the
      etiology of the male infertility of the second group of mutant mice is unknown.
      We propose that these mutant mice provide valuable experimental tools for the
      study of male infertility and male reproduction.

PMID- 4040012
TI  - Inhibitory effect of [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin on growth hormone-secretion in
      conscious, freely moving, male rats.
AB  - The effect of [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin (ECT), which is an equipotent analog of eel
      calcitonin (CT), on GH secretion was investigated in freely moving conscious male
      rats. Pulsatile GH secretion was completely inhibited by iv injection of ECT (2.5
      micrograms/rat). The mean 6-h plasma GH levels, 9.54 +/- 2.34 ng/ml (mean +/-
      SEM) in ECT-treated rats, were significantly lower than those in saline-treated
      rats (69.9 +/- 9.4 ng/ml, P less than 0.001). In order to examine the action of
      ECT on the central nervous system, 25 ng ECT dissolved in 10 microliters saline
      were injected into the lateral ventricle of conscious male rats. The bursts of GH
      secretion were completely abolished by this dose of intraventricularly (ivt)
      injected ECT. The mean 6-h GH levels 5.8 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, were also significantly
      lower than those in control rats (35.8 +/- 6.6 ng/ml, P less than 0.01). Serum Ca
      levels did not change after the ivt injection of 25 ng ECT but fell significantly
      after the iv injection of 2.5 micrograms ECT. In order to clarify the inhibitory
      mechanism of GH secretion by ECT, the effect of ECT on the release of GH elicited
      by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a well-known GH secretagogue acting directly on the
      pituitary, was examined in vivo as well as in vitro. Both ivt (2.5, 25, or 250
      ng/10 microliters X rat) and iv (2.5 or 25 micrograms/rat) injections of ECT
      caused a significant and dose-dependent suppression of PGE1-induced GH rises in
      conscious rats. In contrast, 10(-8) to 10(-7) M ECT failed to affect the baseline
      secretion of GH and its release by 5 X 10(-6) M PGE1 from rat anterior pituitary
      tissues perifused in vitro. These findings suggest that ECT suppresses GH
      secretion in the rat, at least in part, through the central nervous system.

PMID- 4040013
TI  - Central nervous system regions involved in the estrogen-induced afternoon
      prolactin surge. II. Implantation studies.
AB  - In the intact cycling female rat, there is a surge of plasma PRL during the
      afternoon of proestrus. Ovariectomy on diestrous day 1 eliminated the PRL surge
      completely, and injection of 100 micrograms polyestradiol phosphate, a long
      acting estrogen, not only maintained the surge, but amplified and prolonged it.
      Bilateral implantation of an estradiol (E2)-containing cannula [diluted 1:4 with
      cholesterol (C)] in the medial preoptic area (MPO), but not in the cerebral
      cortex (CC), also maintained the surge. In long term ovariectomized rats,
      bilateral implantation of E2-containing cannulae (1:5, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:200) in
      the corticomedial amygdala (CMA) or ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus or a
      singular implantation in the third ventricle failed to induce a PRL surge 12 days
      later. Similar singular implantation in the anterior pituitary (AP) increased the
      basal levels of plasma PRL compared to those in C-implanted controls, but no
      surge was evident. Only bilateral implantation of E2 in the MPO induced a small
      but significant rise of plasma PRL at 1700 and 1900 h. Using higher concentration
      implants with a higher E2 concentration (1:4) in the MPO and sampling at shorter
      intervals, significant afternoon PRL surges were induced on days 2-4. However,
      systemic effects of E2, i.e. vaginal cornification and uterine weight
      enlargement, were also evident. Similar implants in other brain regions had the
      same results. Further increasing the E2 to C dilution from 1:10 to 1:200
      eliminated the systemic effect of E2 implants, while the PRL surge-inducing
      ability persisted. It appears that the highest diluted E2 implants (1:150 and
      1:200) gave the highest PRL response and persisted for the greatest number of
      days. Using the highly diluted E2 implants (1:100 and 1:200) in various brain
      regions, the MPO and the ventromedial hypothalamus were the most sensitive areas
      in inducing the PRL surge; the other areas studied, including suprachiasmatic
      nuclei, CMA, AP, and CC were ineffective. In conclusion, highly diluted E2
      implants in the brain appear to be effective in obtaining a specific effect on
      the afternoon PRL surge; the CMA, suprachiasmatic nuclei, AP, and CC are not
      estrogen feedback sites for the induction of PRL release, and the MPO was the
      most sensitive area of the estrogen action in the brain regions examined for the
      induction of the afternoon PRL surge.

PMID- 4040014
TI  - Exposure to platelet-derived growth factor modulates the porcine aortic smooth
      muscle cell response to somatomedin-C.
AB  - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for smooth muscle
      cells, but to detect maximal stimulation by PDGF, the cells must be incubated
      with plasma. Somatomedin-C (Sm-C), a peptide growth factor that is present in
      plasma, has been shown to interact with PDGF synergistically to stimulate DNA
      synthesis in cultured fibroblasts. These studies were designed to test the
      hypothesis that PDGF interacted with Sm-C to stimulate smooth muscle cell
      replication and to compare the response of this cell type to that of fibroblasts.
      When PDGF or Sm-C was added individually to smooth muscle cell cultures, each
      growth factor induced only minimal increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation into
      DNA (i.e. PDGF, 3,400 +/- 1,120 to 54,900 +/- 1,550 cpm; Sm-C, 3,400 +/- 1,120 to
      10,950 +/- 980 cpm). In contrast, addition of increasing concentrations of Sm-C
      to cultures that were continuously exposed to PDGF in the presence of Sm-C
      deficient plasma resulted in a synergistic increase in [3H]thymidine
      incorporation (3,400 +/- 1,120 to 54,500 +/- 1,800 cpm; P less than 0.001). To
      determine if Sm-C was required for smooth muscle cell replication, cultures were
      sequentially exposed to PDGF, followed by Sm-C-deficient plasma. The rate at
      which the non-Sm-C-exposed cells synthesized DNA was retarded compared to that of
      cells exposed to Sm-C-containing plasma; however, 68% nuclear labeling was
      present after 44 h of incubation. To exclude the possibility that some cellular
      secretory product was substituting for Sm-C, the medium was changed every 2 h and
      replaced by fresh Sm-C-deficient medium. Using these test conditions, exposure to
      PDGF and Sm-C-deficient plasma induced only 11% labelling. Readdition of pure Sm
      C to this medium restored nuclear labeling to 82% at 44 h. Other variables that
      appeared to modulate the cellular response to Sm-C were culture density and
      simultaneous PDGF exposure. Sm-C and PDGF both appear to be potent mitogens for
      porcine aortic smooth muscle cells, and when added together to quiescent
      cultures, their effects are synergistic. Smooth muscle cells appear to require Sm
      C to initiate DNA synthesis, and in its absence produce a Sm-like factor that can
      partially compensate for Sm-C deficiency and allow replication.

PMID- 4040015
TI  - Site-specific DNA binding by the bacteriophage SP01-encoded type II DNA-binding
      protein.
AB  - The bacteriophage SP01 genome encodes a virus-specific type II DNA-binding
      protein, TF1. The bacterial proteins of this ubiquitous and evolutionarily
      conserved class are thought to bind non-specifically to DNA. In contrast, the
      experiments described here demonstrate that TF1 binds to specific sites in SP01
      DNA. Several of these sites have been characterized by DNase I 'footprinting' and
      four of them have been shown to overlap strong phage promoters for Bacillus
      subtilis RNA polymerase holoenzyme. We speculate on the possible structural basis
      of site-selective DNA binding by a protein of this class.

PMID- 4040016
TI  - Ova of Schistosoma mansoni in urine.

PMID- 4040017
TI  - Errors in gated equilibrium radionuclide measurements of resting left ventricular
      ejection and filling.
AB  - An assessment was made of the reproducibility (between study differences)
      interobserver variability and intraobserver variability of 7 radionuclide
      measurements describing both resting left ventricular ejection (ejection fraction
      -EF, average ejection rate--AVER, peak ejection rate--PER, time to peak ejection
      rate--TPER) and filling (average filling rate--AVFR, peak filling rate--PFR, time
      to peak filling rate--TPFR). Gated blood pool studies were performed one week
      apart in 42 patients and between study correlation coefficients for these
      measurements ranged from r = 0.58 (TPER) to r = 0.99 (PFR) but there were
      spontaneous changes in measurements of up to 82% (AVER). Interobserver
      variability was determined in 44 studies. Correlation coefficients for
      measurements obtained by two independent observers in 44 studies ranged from r =
      0.87 (AVER) to r = 0.96 (TPFR) but spontaneous changes of up to 52% occurred
      (AVFR). Intraobserver variability was determined in 53 studies and correlation
      coefficients ranged from r = 0.95 (AVER) to r = 0.99 (AVFR, PFR). The maximum
      percentage difference between observations was 46% (AVER). Use of correlation
      coefficients alone to assess the reproducibility of these measurements fails to
      highlight the marked spontaneous changes which occur in left ventricular
      function. Changes in radionuclide indices describing left ventricular function in
      response to a therapeutic intervention must be interpreted in the light of these
      findings.

PMID- 4040018
TI  - Thyroid dysgenesis in monozygotic twins: variants identified by scintigraphy.
AB  - The unusual occurrence of neonatal hypothyroidism in monozygotic twins is
      reported. Scintigraphy demonstrated that permanent hypothyroidism in one resulted
      from an ectopic suprahyoid thyroid, while in the other, the transient hypothyroid
      state was associated with thyroid hemiagenesis. These findings suggest that the
      anomalies represent variants of the same developmental aberration.

PMID- 4040019
TI  - Does acute endoscopic evacuation improve the outcome of patients with spontaneous
      intracerebral hemorrhage?
AB  - A new endoscopic technique is presented, which allows burr hole evacuation of
      intracerebral hematomas under video control. Clot removal is achieved using a
      suction-irrigation system built in the 6-mm-diameter endoscope; in addition, an
      ultrasonic morcellement device has been developed for transendoscopic
      application. Small bleeding vessels in the hematoma cavity can be coagulated
      using a 1.5 mm Neodym YAG Laser microprobe introduced through the endoscope under
      visual control. A randomized prospective study has been started to raise again
      the question of indications for the surgical treatment of intracerebral
      hemorrhages, comparing medical treatment with the new surgical technique.

PMID- 4040020
TI  - cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum-induced hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting.
AB  - Hypomagnesemia is a well-recognised complication of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum
      (DDP) treatment. We prospectively evaluated 50 patients with advanced malignant
      disease receiving DDP for the development of hypomagnesemia. Urinary magnesium
      excretion was measured in 24 patients. The mean serum magnesium fell from 0.79
      mmol/l (normal 0.7-1.1 mmol/l) prior to therapy to 0.55 mmol/l 3 months after
      commencing DDP. All 50 patients had become hypomagnesemic by this time and 10%
      were symptomatic, requiring oral magnesium supplementation. At 6 weeks after
      commencing DDP only four patients had restricted urinary magnesium excretion to
      less than 1.0 mmol/day. The other patients clearly had inappropriately high
      levels of urinary magnesium excretion, suggesting that DDP may induce a renal
      tubular defect in magnesium conservation. Hypomagnesemia is a common complication
      of DDP therapy which in many patients is asymptomatic. Further, more detailed
      studies of renal magnesium handling are necessary to determine fully the effect
      of DDP on urinary magnesium excretion.

PMID- 4040021
TI  - The value of various forms of regional administration of cisplatin in the
      treatment of liver metastases in the rat.
AB  - Tumour growth was induced exclusively in the livers of 40 F1 WagRij/BN rats
      (eight groups of five rats each) by intraportal inoculation of a squamous cell
      carcinoma. Four groups were treated by infusion of cisplatin (to which the tumour
      was sensitive) for a total of three doses of 3 mg/kg body weight at 5-day
      intervals and one group served as control. Treatment was given systemically, via
      the hepatic artery, via the portal vein and the hepatic artery simultaneously,
      and via the portal vein. The untreated animals had a mean survival time of 119
      days, as opposed to 211, 249, 192 and 239 days for the treated animals. The
      animals treated via the hepatic artery lived significantly longer on average (P =
      0.035) than those treated systemically or via the portal vein. The combination of
      intraportal and intra-arterial infusion had no advantage over infusion via the
      hepatic artery alone. The route of administration does not appear to influence
      the general toxicity of cisplatin.

PMID- 4040022
TI  - Disorders of serum electrolytes and renal function in patients treated with cis
      platinum on an outpatient basis.
AB  - Two hundred and eighty-one patients received 927 doses of cis-platinum, generally
      on an outpatient basis, at 55 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks. Mannitol and 2.2501 of
      hydration with saline and 5% dextrose plus NaCl and KCl were given in 3-4 hr. No
      case of acute renal failure ensued and when azotemia occurred (3.5% of patients)
      it was easily reversible and controlled. An abnormal level of one or more
      electrolytes was detected in 194 patients (69%) during chemotherapy. K+, Na+,
      Ca2+ and Mg2+ values usually decreased in serum after DDP administration, but
      their depletion seldom caused symptoms. Hypomagnesemia developed in 20% of
      patients, but was symptomatic in only 1%. cis-Platinum, at the doses utilized, is
      safely given to outpatients, with the hydration program employed. Serum
      electrolyte decrease during chemotherapy must be expected, and rapidly corrected
      when symptoms develop.

PMID- 4040023
TI  - Effects of long-term treatment of human carcinoma cells with interferon alpha.
AB  - Three tumor cell lines derived from human colon, urinary bladder and ovarian
      carcinoma were serially passaged in the continuous presence of human interferon
      alpha for extended periods of time. Phenotypic changes induced by interferon
      differed among these three cell lines. Thus interferon enhanced colon tumor cell
      aggregation but inhibited the aggregation of bladder tumor cells. The
      antiproliferative activity of interferon was more pronounced in bladder and
      ovarian cells than in colonic cells. However, the tumorigenicity of parental and
      cloned colon tumor cells injected i.p. or s.c. was markedly reduced by passage of
      the cells with interferon. Interferon treatment reduced the tumorigenicity of
      ovarian tumor cells when these cells were injected i.p. but not when injected
      s.c. The tumorigenicity of bladder tumor cells was not affected by interferon.

PMID- 4040024
TI  - Pulmonary embolism in patients receiving chemotherapy for advanced ovarian
      cancer.
AB  - The incidence of pulmonary embolism was examined in a series of 83 patients who
      had received chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer and ten embolic episodes
      occurred. The incidence of pulmonary emboli was highest in those patients who had
      gross bulk disease (greater than 10 cm diameter) before chemotherapy and occurred
      in 9/49 cases, with all six fatalities being in this group. Five of the six fatal
      emboli occurred within 1 week of the first course of chemotherapy. As the
      mortality rate from pulmonary emboli in patients with gross bulk tumour was 12%
      in this series, anticoagulation before initiating chemotherapy is suggested for
      this group of patients.

PMID- 4040025
TI  - Cisplatin plus vindesine in advanced breast cancer: a phase II trial of the EORTC
      Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.
AB  - This phase II clinical trial was conducted in a series of patients with advanced
      breast cancer, refractory to conventional chemotherapy. The therapeutic regimen
      consisted of a combination of cisplatin 100 mg/m2, given as a 24-hr infusion on
      day 1 and vindesine (VDS) 2 mg/m2, i.v. bolus on days 1 and 8. VDS injection was
      omitted on day 8 in patients with poor bone marrow reserves (prior extensive
      irradiation). Courses were repeated at 4-week intervals until documented disease
      progression. Among 46 evaluable patients, there were two complete and seven
      partial remissions for an overall response rate of 20%. These responses lasted
      for a median of 21 weeks (range 8-89 weeks). Remission rates according to the
      predominant metastatic site were as follows: soft tissue, 3/8 (38%); bone, 0/6
      (0%); viscera, 6/32 (19%). Transient myelosuppression and gastrointestinal
      intolerance were almost universal. Renal function impairment and neurologic
      manifestations were frequently encountered but these adverse reactions were
      generally mild. Significant antineoplastic activity in far-advanced and heavily
      pretreated patients warrants further evaluation of this regimen at an earlier
      stage of the disease.

PMID- 4040026
TI  - Tolerance and physical dependence induced by dermorphin in rats.
AB  - Rats chronically implanted with osmotic minipumps in the left lateral ventricle
      were used to study the ability of dermorphin to produce tolerance and physical
      dependence. The development of tolerance, assessed by evaluating the time
      reduction of analgesia, catalepsy and rigidity, occurred in a dose-dependent
      fashion over a maximum period of 48 h. After 3 days of peptide infusions into the
      rat brain, the dependent state was established and was revealed by precipitating
      the withdrawal syndrome with intraperitoneal naloxone injections. Escape
      behavior, shaking, salivation and rhynorrhea were the main symptoms,
      qualitatively similar to those obtained in rats made dependent on morphine.
      Considering that dermorphin displays strong analgesic activity, the well-known
      combination of antinociception tolerance and dependence capacities of opiates
      also seems to be valid for dermorphin.

PMID- 4040028
TI  - Light and electron microscopical changes in the liver of mice following treatment
      with aminotriazole.
AB  - Light and electronmicroscopical alterations in the liver of mice were shown oral
      administration of aminotriazole. Intensity of damage depends on concentration.
      High dosage affects all inter- and intralobular portions. Presented light
      microscopical results show, next to an extreme hypertrophy of hepatocytes, well
      distinguishable nuclear deformations and increased pyknotic nucleoli. The
      cytoplasm contains numerous vacuoles and lipid droplets. Fine structural
      alterations after drug administration include defects on all cell organelles and
      membranes. Especially proliferations of smooth ER cisternae with simultaneous
      reductions of rough ER cisternae, increase of microbodies as well as numerous
      defects on mitochondria were obvious. Interpretations of the mode of action of
      aminotriazole is based on ultrastructural results and biochemical knowledge on
      this herbicide and compared with other toxicants.

PMID- 4040027
TI  - Rigidity and catalepsy after injections of muscimol into the ventromedial
      thalamic nucleus: an electromyographic study in the rat.
AB  - The cataleptic state induced by injection of the GABAmimetic drug muscimol into
      the rat's ventromedial thalamic nucleus (VM) was examined using an
      electromyographic (EMG) approach. Muscimol in doses up to 50 ng/0.5 microliter
      injected into the VM induced a tonic EMG activity in the gastrocnemius muscle
      which is considered to be a measure of limb rigidity. This tonic EMG activity was
      found to be dose-dependent, GABA specific and locus specific. By recording EMG
      signals from chronically implanted electrodes in awake, unrestrained rats it was
      shown that muscular reactions serving to maintain the animal's static equilibrium
      were intact in the state of VM induced catalepsy. However, animals were unable to
      initiate movements or locomotion even when they were forced by strong external
      stimuli. It was found that the animals' immobility was due to an inability to
      induce a phasic activation of their muscles whereas tonic activation still
      occurred. It is concluded that the rat's VM is part of a neuronal chain
      conducting information relevant for the expression of limb rigidity, the VM is
      involved in the central mechanisms responsible for the phasic activation of a set
      of muscles.

PMID- 4040029
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of macrophage cytotoxicity.
AB  - The interactions with tumor target cells of resident and BCG-activated murine
      peritoneal macrophages (M phi) as well as of BCG-activated M phi additionally
      stimulated by a lymphokine-like factor were investigated in order to get some
      insight into the cytolytic process mediated by activated M phi. The lymphokine
      like factor enhancing the cytotoxicity of BCG-activated M phi (MCF) was isolated
      and partially purified from cell-free fluid of rat Zajdela ascites hepatoma. M
      phi cytotoxicity was determined by a modified 51Cr release assay. Scanning and
      transmission electron microscopic findings suggested a two-step mechanism of
      target cell lysis: a first step of specific attachment of processes of M phi on
      the target cell surface and a second step with transport of lysosome-like
      vesicles to the target cells obviously with liberation of these vesicles in the
      immediate vicinity of target cells resulting in a local accumulation of cytolytic
      substances. This interpretation was supported by findings after treatment of
      interacting effector and target cells with amphotericin B and bestatin which
      substances were modifying M phi cytotoxicity. MCF caused only an augmentation of
      M phi cytotoxicity without qualitative differences to the cytolytic action of
      merely BCG-activated M phi.

PMID- 4040030
TI  - Redox status of cultured fibroblasts. Possible relations with specific catabolic
      rates of proteoglycans.
AB  - In cultured embyonic rat fibroblast the cytoplasmic NAD/NADH ratio was determined
      from the lactate/pyruvate ratio under acidic, hypoxic and lactic acid-rich
      conditions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The NAD/NADH ratio is reduced when the
      lactate concentration increases at pH 7.4 with and without hypoxia. At pH 6.6
      this ratio is not reduced by lactate in normoxia: Conditions of aerobic
      glycolysis did not increase NADH. The NAD/NADH ratio was strongly lowered at pH
      6.6 by lactate plus hypoxia. At low cell density this condition of hypoxic
      glycolysis is correlated with the increase of the specific activities of CS- and
      DS-proteoglycans (DS much greater than CS). But only the CS concentration was
      increased. Conditions of aerobic glycolysis at low cell density caused a moderate
      increase of both the specific activity and concentration of DS. The different
      regulation of the turnover of CS- and DS-proteoglycans is suggested to be based
      on their different synthetic capacities (CS greater than DS) on the one side and
      on the effect of specifically acting proteoglycanases on the other side. Maximal
      degradation of proteoglycans seems to be stimulated by NADH-activated proteases,
      supposedly thiol proteases. Lower degradation seems to be effectuated under non
      reductive acidic conditions. Both these types of degradation seem stronger to
      affect DS-proteoglycan. Some neutral proteases seem stronger to affect CS
      proteoglycan. Improved oxygen supply might reduce the CS concentration in
      proliferating tissue, such as in chronic inflammation, and thus reduce this
      process.

PMID- 4040031
TI  - Biochemical and histochemical studies on alkaline phosphatase in normal and
      dystrophic muscle.
AB  - In muscles from dystrophic mice the activity of alkaline phosphatase is 50-75%
      higher than in their control littermates. In the dystrophic animals all muscle
      fibres show strong enzyme activity. It is suggested that during dystrophy amounts
      of an already existing muscle alkaline phosphatase are produced rather than that
      a synthesis of a new isoenzyme should be initiated.

PMID- 4040032
TI  - Electron microscopic study of liver fibrosis associated with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of 13 cases of liver fibrosis associated with
      longstanding diabetes mellitus are presented. Comparing the centrilobular and
      periportal areas of the lobules there appeared to be a difference in the amounts
      of glycogen, fat, collagen and the character of mesenchymal cells.
      Centrilobularly, collagenization of sinusoids and pericellular accumulation of
      fibres appeared with the destruction of hepatic cells. In the periportal regions
      there was an accumulation of Kupffer's cells with active phagocytosis and
      centrally of Ito's cells and fibroblasts. The presented alterations were similar
      to the central pericellular fibrosis described in connection with morbid obesity.
      Despite the large number of available data on liver fibrosis there is still no
      satisfactory explanation for the pathomechanism of centrilobularly developing
      fibrosis.

PMID- 4040033
TI  - On the varying degrees of cancerogenicity of modified gastroentero-anastomoses.
AB  - In our serial investigations we checked the incidence of carcinomas in different
      cases of anastomoses and resections on the rat stomach. Moreover we supervised
      the regenerative behaviour of the gastric mucosa by means of in vivo
      autoradiography using 3H-thymidine. The experimental animals were divided into 5
      treatment groups. We carried out gastroenterostomy on 9 animals (group I),
      Billroth's second operation on 7 animals (group II), a duodenal ligature,
      pyloroplasty and gastro-enterostomy with Braun's anastomosis on 10 animals (group
      III), a pylorectomy as well as Roux's gastro-enterostomy on 10 animals (group IV)
      and a laparotomy on 11 control animals (group V). The greatest tumour onset rates
      with 4 adenocarcinomas each were observed in the groups I and III, and with 5
      carcinomas in group II 7 months after the operations. The labelling indices
      obtained autoradiographically are such that glandular hyperplasias with indices
      of over 13.3 p.c. and carcinomas with values of about 24.7 p.c. enable an
      unambiguous distinction from the values of the sound glandular gastric mucosa.
      Entero-gastric reflux is discussed in this paper as the most important cause of
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4040034
TI  - Influence of native collagen on the cell cycle.
AB  - The influence of native collagen-solutions on the cell cycle of human-fibroblasts
      was investigated. The results point out that the phase of cell-specific function
      is distinctly lengthened to the debit of a reduced rate of mitosis. That seems to
      be desirable, because the cells of the implantation-layer would produce more
      rapidly and augmentedly their cell-specific product--usually collagen--and
      incorporation of the implanted material would occur quite earlier. This effect
      seems also to be responsible for the promotion of granulation of "Dermodress", a
      fleece of collagen I for temporary covering of debrided areas (5).

PMID- 4040035
TI  - The role of the substantia nigra on the rage reaction elicited by hypothalamic
      stimulation, in the cat.
AB  - The effects of substantia nigra stimulation on the rage reaction evoked by
      hypothalamic activation were studied. The reference value of the rage reaction
      was the latency of the hissing, which was constant in all animals when
      hypothalamic stimulation was performed with the same parameters. Simultaneous
      activation of substantia nigra and hypothalamus determined a significant decrease
      in hissing latency. The influence of the substantia nigra on the affective
      components of the aggressive behavior is underlined.

PMID- 4040036
TI  - Detection of granuloma-associated plasminogen activator in experimental murine
      schistosomiasis.
AB  - Hypersensitivity granulomas induced by infection with Schistosoma mansoni were
      isolated from the livers of BALB/c mice after 7, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. The
      parasite egg-granulomas were sequentially extracted with a Tris-buffered saline
      (soluble fraction) and 2 M KSCN (bound fraction). Fibrinolytic enzyme activity
      measured with both synthetic substrates and fibrin plates demonstrated an
      elevated level of plasminogen activator activity in the bound fraction 7-8 weeks
      after infection when mature granulomas first began to appear, followed by a
      gradual decrease 10-12 weeks after infection. An electrophoretic enzymography
      technique revealed multiple molecular species of plasminogen activator at Mr =
      95K, 74K, 60K, 45K, and 24K. The bands with Mr = 45K and 24K were found
      compatible with the electrophoretic pattern of macrophage-plasminogen activator.
      When the granulomas reached maximum size after 10 to 12 weeks, the plasminogen
      activator with 45K and 24K diminished, while plasminogen activator activity at Mr
      = 95K, 74K, and 60K remained unchanged suggesting the presence of both vascular
      and tissue types of plasminogen activators. There was no urokinase-type
      plasminogen activator detectable in granulomas at any time. In the soluble
      fraction no enzymatic activity was found, whereas regulating inhibitor activity
      for plasminogen activator was consistently detectable.

PMID- 4040037
TI  - Interactions of the human red cell membrane tyrosine kinase with heparin.
AB  - Heparin interacts with protein kinases in various ways; the different patterns of
      behavior of heparin towards protein kinases contributes to the characterization
      of these enzymes. We studied the interactions between heparin and a new type of
      tyrosine kinase extracted from the normal human red cell membrane. We found that
      heparin inhibited kinase activity by competition with ATP. Furthermore the
      interaction of heparin with the red cell membrane tyrosine kinase allowed us to
      use heparin-agarose chromatography as a step towards tyrosine kinase
      purification.

PMID- 4040039
TI  - Massive spontaneous superovulation in a sexually mature pig.
AB  - Ovulation of 97 follicles was recorded in a gilt that had not received any
      hormonal treatment, and circumstantial evidence adduced for a rapidly
      proliferating tumour of the adenohypophysis. A lesser degree of superovulation
      had occurred in the previous oestrous cycle, whilst the rate of follicular
      development in the current cycle was exceptional. None of the 93 eggs recovered
      from the oviducts was a primary oocyte, but three were polyspermic pronucleate
      eggs. The most advanced stage of embryonic development was that of 4-cells. Such
      a degree of spontaneous superovulation has never been observed before during
      careful examination of more than 1200 pairs of ovaries from gilts in the same
      herd.

PMID- 4040038
TI  - Further evidence that big,big prolactin is preferentially secreted in women with
      hyperprolactinemia and normal ovarian function.
AB  - The heterogeneity of human serum prolactin (PRL) in 12 women with
      hyperprolactinemia and different derangements of the hypothalamic-pituitary
      ovarian axis was studied. The patients were subdivided into three groups: four
      women with hyperprolactinemia and normal ovarian function (group I), four women
      with hyperprolactinemia associated with sporadic endometrial bleedings and a
      positive progestin test (group II), and four women with amenorrhea and a negative
      progestin test (group III). Gel filtration chromatography of serum samples from
      patients in group I revealed in three of them that most (80%) of their
      immunoreactive PRL eluted as big,big PRL (Mr greater than 100,000); whereas the
      rest of the patients, including those from groups II and III, exhibited a
      distribution pattern similar to that obtained in normal menstruating women. All
      PRL species had similar affinities for the antibody, as disclosed by the slopes
      generated in dose-response curves. These results indicate that ovarian function
      in hyperprolactinemia might be dependent upon PRL heterogeneity and suggest that
      big,big PRL may have, under in vivo conditions, a low degree of biologic
      activity.

PMID- 4040040
TI  - Reconstitution of a partially purified Na+-dependent D-glucose transport system
      from rat jejunal brush border membranes.
AB  - The Na+-dependent D-glucose transport system of rat jejunal brush border
      membranes was partially purified and reconstituted into functional
      proteoliposomes. Brush border membrane vesciles isolated from villous cells were
      first extracted with 0.3% cholate to remove extrinsic proteins and the insoluble
      residual pellet was reextracted with 1.2% cholate. The 1.2% cholate-extracted
      soluble fraction was then further purified by hydroxylapatite and Concanavalin A
      affinity chromatography in tandem. When the HLP-unadsorbed-ConA-unadsorbed
      fraction was reconstituted into proteoliposomes, it showed a characteristic Na+
      coupled, phlorizin inhibitable, D-glucose transport activity that was 3 fold
      higher than that of the reconstituted proteoliposomes of the 1.2% cholate
      extracted fraction. This partially purified fraction also displayed the simplest
      polypeptide composition pattern among all the membrane fractions analysed in SDS
      polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 4040041
TI  - Opposite effects of ethanol on the activation of adenylyl cyclase in human corpus
      luteum membranes.
AB  - The influence of an acute exposure to ethanol on adenylyl cyclase activity in
      membrane fractions prepared from human corpus luteum was investigated. Ethanol up
      to a concentration of 5% (v/v) was without effect on basal luteal adenylyl
      cyclase activity, but markedly potentiated stimulation of NaF and hCG in a dose
      dependent manner. In contrast, ethanol progressively inhibited forskolin
      stimulation at the same range of ethanol concentrations. Maximal NaF and hCG
      responsiveness of adenylyl cyclase activity was observed at 5% ethanol and
      reached values 80% and 100% higher than controls without ethanol, respectively.
      However, at the same ethanol concentration, forskolin-stimulated enzymatic
      activity was reduced by 40% relative to controls. Equilibrium binding studies
      involving [125I]hCG interaction with luteal membranes in the presence of the
      concentration of ethanol showing maximal hCG responsiveness indicated that
      ethanol slightly affected (15% increase) the hCG binding compared to controls,
      without any appreciable change on the Kd for the hormone. This minor effect of
      ethanol on gonadotropin binding sites contrasted greatly with the extent at which
      ethanol maximally potentiated the gonadotropin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase. GTP
      was found to be less effective than GMP-P(NH)P in sustaining ethanol
      potentiation, suggesting that ethanol is unlikely to act by inhibiting GTPase
      activity. These data indicate that the acute effects of ethanol inhibit forskolin
      stimulated adenylyl cyclase at concentrations potentiating stimulatory effects of
      NaF and of hCG, and that the synergistic interaction of ethanol and gonadotropin
      stimulation of adenylyl cyclase is, at least in part, due to an increase in the
      functional coupling of the occupied hCG-receptor complex with the components of
      the enzyme system.

PMID- 4040042
TI  - [Effect of intense mental load on night sleep].

PMID- 4040043
TI  - [Congenital heart defects as a cause of still birth and infant mortality].
AB  - Among 4,686 still-births and children died from 0 to 1 a in the German Democratic
      Republic in 1979 there were 307 (6.6%) isolated congenital heart diseases. We
      only analyzed 294 died infants. The first 5 diagnoses were: Hypoplastic left
      heart (all infants died within the first 28 d) 9.9%, Ventricular septal defect
      9.9%, Transposition of great vessels 8.8%, Coarctation aorta 7.1%, Common truncus
      arteriosus 5.8%. The most important results are an interesting frequency with
      advancing years of mothers (3.4% in 10,000 mothers of live-births aged 16 a and
      less to 20.6% at the age of 40 a and over (see Fig. 1), 13% premature children
      (under 37 weeks of gestation), 23% children under 2,500 g birth weight, 55% boys
      and 45% girls. 80% of the above 294 infants died within the first 3 months.

PMID- 4040044
TI  - [Nonpuerperal mastitis].
AB  - The medical history of 37 women with nonpuerperal mastitis, who had been treated
      between January 1980 and July 1983 at the Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of
      the University of Tubingen, was reviewed because of the increasing prevalence of
      this disease. Defined by different history and clinical symptoms, two groups of
      patients were seen: 25 women with acute nonpuerperal mastitis and 12 women with
      chronic recurring nonpuerperal mastitis. The average age of the patients was 30
      years. The inflammation was located mostly subareolar and around the nipple. The
      main symptoms were pain, erythema and swelling, in acute cases accompanied by
      fever and abscess formation. This process was strongly related to the interval
      between the onset of symptoms and the initiation of treatment. Anaerobes and
      Staphylococcus aureus could be cultured mainly from women with acute nonpuerperal
      mastitis. In females with chronic recurrent mastitis, mostly anaerobes were
      found. Women were treated with a prolactin inhibitor (bromocriptine), if abscess
      formation, leukocytosis or fever were absent. In patients with leukocytosis
      and/or fever this regimen was combined with antibiotics. Abscesses were treated
      surgically, in some cases in combination with prolactin inhibition and antibiotic
      administration. The results show that an early conservative treatment is
      important to prevent abscess formation. It seems that this treatment can reduce
      the rate of recurrences.

PMID- 4040046
TI  - The influence of physical exercise on growth and sexual maturation in young
      female rats.
AB  - This investigation deals with the influence of physical activity on the growth
      and sexual maturation of weanling female Wistar rats. It involves three groups of
      rats, namely an intensively trained group (n = 45), a moderately trained group (n
      = 49) and a nontrained group (n = 49). The trained groups were forced to perform
      physical exercise from the age of 15 days on, on a treadmill. Within the
      intensively trained group, exercise was increased by increasing the speed and
      grade of the treadmill. The exercise of the moderately trained group was held
      constant. A delay in the day at vulva opening, indicating sexual maturation is
      seen in the extensively trained group in comparison with the moderately trained
      and nontrained group. The average body weight at the day of vulva opening is the
      same in all groups. However, the correlation coefficient between day at vulva
      opening and body fat mass is not significant. No differences in the body- and
      tail-length growth can be detected between the groups. A delay in the sexual
      maturation due to stress can be rejected since the open fields results
      registrating stress parameters, as obtained from the various groups of animals,
      are in general not significantly different between the intensively trained and
      moderately trained as well as nontrained groups. This investigation shows
      evidence that intensive physical exercise from young age on, causes a delay in
      sexual maturation, although it has no influence on the body- and tail length
      growth.

PMID- 4040045
TI  - Ultrastructural investigation of extracellular structures in subcapsular white
      corrugated cataract (anterior capsular cataract).
AB  - Electron microscopic investigations were performed on six extracted lenses from
      patients undergoing operative treatment of subcapsular white corrugated cataract.
      The lens capsule itself was unaltered. There was a pronounced extracellular space
      under the capsule. In this area collagenous aggregations equivalent in size to
      collagenous fibres and fibrils could be seen. Collagenous microfibrils and
      delicate microfilaments were also present. The latter could be observed with and
      without cross-striations. The fibrous structures are distinguished by
      considerable variations in shape and diameter. The precursor stages of these
      fibrous materials are produced by myofibroblast-like cells, probably derived from
      the lenticular epithelium.

PMID- 4040047
TI  - Animal growth during liberation from appetite suppression.
AB  - Superalimentation (SA) of swine at 120% (ad libitum = 100%) for 23 days elicited
      a 40% greater gain of body mass (P less than .005) than littermate control (C)
      pigs. The accretion of lean and fat tissues during this excess and rapid growth
      were about the same as if the animal were allowed to attain the same weight over
      a longer period by conventional feeding practices. Superalimentation is defined
      as feed intake distinctly in excess of normal voluntary intake on a grams-dry
      matter-per-kilogram-body-weight basis. The substantial body mass response shows
      that growth is limited by a lack of nutrient intake (appetite) during normal ad
      libitum feeding. Either digestion-absorption processes are not saturated during
      normal feed intake or digestion and absorption capacities are enhanced during
      excess food intake; furthermore, either cellular hyperplasia or hypertrophy are
      not regulated by inherited neuroendocrine factors or cellular growth is somehow
      released from neuroendocrine regulation during periods of excess circulating
      nutrients. The overall gain efficiency (kg total gain per kg total alimentation
      dry matter) during superalimentation was slightly improved (7.3%) but was not
      significant. Efficiency of the differential gain (delta gain/delta dry matter
      intake; delta = SA-C) was 25% higher than the overall gain efficiency of the C
      pigs (0.374 vs 0.300 kg/kg) and suggests that the additional nutrients may have
      been utilized for growth with greater efficiency than nutrient consumed ad
      libitum.

PMID- 4040048
TI  - Anatomical and functional changes in the lower urinary tract after radical
      hysterectomy with lymph node dissection as studied by dynamic urethrocystography
      and simultaneous urethrocystometry.
AB  - Seventeen urologically healthy women undergoing standardized radical hysterectomy
      with lymph node dissection for stage I carcinoma of the cervix were evaluated
      urodynamically before, immediately after, and 1 year after surgery, by dynamic
      videourethrocystography and simultaneous urethrocystometry. The surgical
      technique had been developed in order to preserve as much of the nerve and blood
      supply to the bladder and urethra as possible. Major dysfunction was found in the
      early postoperative state, but the lower urinary tract almost always regained its
      preoperative functional status in the course of approximately 1 year. There were
      no long-lasting functional changes which interfered with daily life, although
      small static and dynamic changes were observed. The changes occurred chiefly
      above the urogenital diaphragm. The results of the two urodynamic examinations,
      each giving different information, corresponded well. Used together they gave a
      more complete picture than used separately. Dynamic videourethrocystography
      offered information about the function of the bladder and urethra which could not
      be obtained by urethrocystometry alone.

PMID- 4040049
TI  - Complications from intraperitoneal radioactive phosphorus in ovarian
      malignancies.
AB  - A retrospective study of the use of phosphorus-32 in the treatment of 73 cases of
      ovarian malignancy to evaluate the safety and morbidity is presented. The
      surgically confirmed major complication rate with P-32 alone was 4 of 54 cases
      (7.4%). The addition of external radiation raised the surgically confirmed
      complication rate to 4 of 19 cases (21%) and with the addition of those diagnosed
      and treated only medically the rate rose to 8 of 19 cases (42%). In Stage I
      cases, Grades 1 and 2, there was only 1 death in 26 patients (96%), whereas for
      Grade 3 tumors only 6 of 12 patients (50%) were living at the end of 2 years.

PMID- 4040050
TI  - The use of methylprednisolone and metoclopramide in control of emesis in patients
      receiving cis-platinum.
AB  - cis-Platinum is a chemotherapeutic agent with benefits often limited by the
      severe gastrointestinal reactions it produces in nearly all patients. Persistent
      anorexia, nausea, and vomiting may continue for days after therapy and are poorly
      controlled by conventional antiemetics. Patients at times refuse continuation of
      cis-platinum chemotherapy because of these severe gastrointestinal side effects.
      Intravenous methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol) as well as intravenous
      metoclopramide (Reglan) have been shown effective in the treatment of
      chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. This randomized, double-blind study is
      a comparison of the efficacy of Solu-medrol vs Reglan, as well as, the
      combination of Solu-medrol and Reglan in the prevention of cis-platinum-induced
      nausea and vomiting. In this study patients receiving Reglan had better
      protection from vomiting than patients receiving Solu-medrol (P = 0.0564).
      Patients receiving the combination of Reglan and Solu-medrol had better
      protection from vomiting than patients receiving Reglan alone (P = 0.0332), or
      patients receiving Solu-medrol alone (P = 0.0010). Finally, older patients
      experienced less vomiting than younger patients, regardless of the anti-emetic
      drugs used (P = 0.0730).

PMID- 4040051
TI  - Immunoglobulin-producing cells in lymphatic tissues of germfree and conventional
      rabbits as detected by an immunofluorescence method.
AB  - Lymphatic tissues of GF and CV rabbits were observed. No cells producing IgA and
      IgM antibodies were detected in appendix, sacculus rotundus, ileum terminale and
      thymus of GF rabbits. IgA cells were found in lymph nodes of GF rabbits.

PMID- 4040052
TI  - The X----Y----Z scheme after 23 years.
AB  - Mathematical modelling of the course of the immune response is undoubtedly one of
      the most progressive and most promising areas of modern immunology. Mathematical
      models (along with computer programs) can be taken as "the only means of
      thoroughly testing and examining a large and intricate theory" (Partridge et al.
      1984). The first phase of construction of mathematical models is the formulation
      of assumptions based on the knowledge of the facts to be modelled (manifested
      usually in a scheme of the presumed course of the modelled process). The first
      mathematical models of immune response were based on the hypothesis of a two
      stage differentiation of cells participating in the humoral response, published
      in Prague 23 years ago (Sercarz and Coons 1962; Sterzl 1962) and illustrated by
      the X----Y----Z scheme. Many contemporary mathematical models still stem from
      this scheme which undoubtedly fits the fundamental data concerning the immune
      system.

PMID- 4040053
TI  - Proceedings of an International Workshop on Irritation Testing of Skin and Mucous
      Membranes. 3-5 April 1984, Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland.

PMID- 4040054
TI  - Ethical considerations in toxicology.
AB  - Since most of the research necessary for the safety evaluation of chemicals
      requires the killing of laboratory animals, toxicologists are faced with an
      ethical conflict between their professional duties and the interests of the
      animals. In the past, the protection of consumers against chemical injury was
      considered to be of the greatest importance, and society approved of all efforts
      to detect even the slightest hazards from man-made and environmental chemicals.
      In recent years, toxicologists have become aware of their ethical
      responsibilities not only for the safety of the human population but also for the
      welfare of the animals. They have begun to review the classical toxicological
      procedures critically and now require that the maximum amount of relevant
      information is obtained from the smallest number of laboratory animals.
      Toxicologists have also become aware of the alternative methods that permit the
      investigation of toxicological responses in unicellular organisms and cell
      cultures. The problem of testing chemicals for irritant properties on skin and
      mucous membranes is an excellent example of how concern for animals has generated
      a range of original and imaginative research leading not only to a reduction in
      the use of animals but also to a more efficient and scientific approach to an
      important health problem.

PMID- 4040055
TI  - The Draize test--motivations for change.
AB  - The use of animals in research and testing is an issue of increasing public
      concern, with many people convinced that it is unjust to expose any sentient and
      unconsenting individual to suffering, or risk of suffering, when the only
      potential benefit would be to others. Such ethical considerations make the
      introduction of alternative forms of research and testing an urgent priority. In
      the case of the Draize eye irritancy test, however, scientific considerations
      superimpose ethical motivations for change, because the procedure is also
      unsatisfactory on scientific grounds. After concerted pressure from animal
      welfare groups throughout the world, several laboratories are now investigating
      humane and more scientific replacements for this test, with encouraging results.
      Some of the techniques being used have long been available, even before the
      introduction of the Draize test itself in 1944. This shows what could be achieved
      today, in other areas of animal testing, assuming the necessary imagination,
      motivation and resources. Focusing the scientific mind on alternative
      methodologies is expected not only to benefit science and the animals, but to
      protect the public more reliably as well.

PMID- 4040056
TI  - Acute irritation tests in risk assessment.
AB  - The two most important elements in assessing the risk of topical injury from a
      chemical are its biological properties, in the context of skin and mucous
      membrane damage, and the likelihood and likely nature of topical contact with the
      chemical. Appropriate biological tests in model systems should be based on the
      probable circumstances of exposure. Topical contact takes place under two
      distinct sets of circumstances--intentional and accidental. Chemicals that are
      intended to come into contact with skin and mucous membranes include cosmetics
      and dermatological preparations. For such compounds the frequency and extent of
      skin contact is predictable and any irritant effects are unacceptable. The
      absence of irritant effects is established by testing in human volunteers or
      experimental animals. Since animal skin and mucous membranes are more susceptible
      to irritants than those of man, the amounts or concentrations tested need not be
      greater than those intended for human use. It is hoped that validated
      alternatives to animal models will soon be available. For household or industrial
      chemicals where skin and/or mucous-membrane contact occurs accidentally, topical
      contact should generally be avoided. In such cases the objective of irritancy
      testing should be to establish which compounds are particularly irritant and
      therefore need extra care in handling. We are convinced that this latter
      objective can be achieved by simpler and less cruel tests than the Draize eye
      irritation test.

PMID- 4040057
TI  - Acute skin toxicity reactions in man--tests and mechanisms.
AB  - There is increasing concern to avoid toxicity reactions from materials that come
      into contact with the skin. In this paper the mechanisms underlying the commonest
      type of cutaneous toxicity, i.e. the dermatitis reaction, are discussed. The
      various tests that may be used to predict human cutaneous toxicity are reviewed,
      with emphasis on in vivo human toxicity tests. It is concluded that preliminary
      testing of potentially toxic materials should be conducted in vitro or, until
      such tests are available, in small mammals, but that definitive tests of finished
      products should be performed in vivo in man.

PMID- 4040058
TI  - Overview of animal test methods for skin irritation.
AB  - Determining the irritant effects of chemicals in experimental animals provides
      the public with information on and protection against possible hazards that may
      arise from exposure of the human skin. Furthermore, the data obtained are used
      for registration and classification purposes. This paper reviews the methods
      proposed in the most important guidelines (OECD, EEC and FIFRA guidelines) and
      points out the critical experimental points. It shows that the introduction of
      OECD Guideline No. 404 can lead to a reduction in the number of test animals used
      for skin irritation testing.

PMID- 4040059
TI  - Assessment of the validity of animal techniques in eye-irritation testing.
AB  - Since its introduction 40 years ago, the Draize test for eye irritancy has
      remained largely unchanged in spite of long-standing controversy over ethical and
      scientific aspects. It is suggested that deficiencies in the data derived from
      the test which arise from defects in the basic test design, cannot be fully
      compensated for by supplementary methods or data handling schemes. As a limited
      amount of in vivo testing is still required, attempts should be made to improve
      the method by attention to the scientific principles involved, using current
      knowledge of inflammatory mechanisms. Proper attention to design and approach
      will help to resolve both the scientific deficiencies in the test and help to
      overcome the reservations that are currently felt with regard to the ethics of
      the test.

PMID- 4040060
TI  - A more realistic animal technique for predicting human eye response.
AB  - The FHSA test (CPSC, 1981) for eye irritation in rabbits overpredicts the likely
      response of the human eye. Nineteen different chemicals, mixtures or solutions
      that had different degrees of recognized irritancy potential to the human eye
      were tested in albino rabbit eyes at dose volumes of 0.003, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.1
      ml. The material was administered directly onto the rabbit cornea, without forced
      closing of the eyelid and without rinsing. A dose volume of 0.01 ml most often
      gave results that were consistent with information on effects of human eye
      exposures. The report of this work (Griffith et al. Toxic. appl. Pharmac. 1980,
      55, 501) recommended that this more realistic 'low-volume' technique (0.01 ml of
      test material) should replace the FHSA test (0.1 ml of test material). The
      recovery times of human eyes after accidental exposure to consumer products in
      the USA, either during manufacture or in incidents involving consumers, were
      compared with the number of days-to-clear of rabbit eyes (tested in either the
      FHSA or the low-volume test) or monkey eyes exposed to the same products. Over
      500 incidents involving human eyes (over several years) are included in the
      review. All three animal techniques are shown to overestimate the severity of the
      human eye response, the FHSA method being the worst in this respect. Only the
      results of the low-volume rabbit test show a statistically significant
      correlation (P less than 0.05 r greater than 0.5) with human experience. It is
      recommended that this low-volume test in rabbits should replace the FHSA test as
      the internationally agreed test for eye-irritancy potential because it correlates
      best with the response of the human eye.

PMID- 4040061
TI  - Registration requirements within the German Federal Health Office.
AB  - Public health authorities responsible for consumer protection in connection with
      the use of chemical products are faced with several conflicting requirements. In
      addition to the primary requirements of protecting human health and assessing the
      balance between benefits and risks, the authorities are faced with the need to
      identify appropriate tests, to avoid unnecessary testing in experimental animals,
      to adapt existing test guidelines in the light of new technological and
      scientific developments and to make optimal use of the facilities and expertise
      available. Among the measures being taken by the German Federal Health Office to
      resolve these difficulties, particularly in connection with the testing of
      chemicals for skin and eye irritancy, are the evaluation of alternatives to
      animal tests, the encouragement of more effective screening and use of existing
      test results, promotion of the international exchange of test data, and support
      for proposed changes in the use of the Draize test.

PMID- 4040062
TI  - Animal protection and toxicity testing regulations.
AB  - Safety testing illustrates a very real ethical dilemma between our moral
      obligations to protect humans and to protect animals from harm. The pragmatic
      approach to resolving this conflict is to pursue the 3 Rs of Replacement,
      Reduction and Refinement. Safety tests set out in regulation protocols often
      conflict with this ethic, being wasteful in numbers of animals used, having
      unnecessarily severe end-points and resulting in duplication. Suggestions for
      refinement of these tests are discussed. It is concluded that such refinement
      could lead to the generation of more meaningful data, thus improving both animal
      protection and human safety.

PMID- 4040063
TI  - Modification of the Draize eye test for the safety testing of cosmetics.
AB  - Until alternatives to the Draize test have been developed and shown to be
      adequate for assessing the safety of cosmetic products, modification of the
      existing method to reduce the numbers of animals required and the severity of the
      effects induced is of great importance. In the testing of cosmetic products,
      comparison with already known products plays an important role. Tests to
      demonstrate whether a new product is better or less well tolerated than a known
      one can be carried out with concentrations that are only slightly irritating. A
      decrease or increase in effect is clearly identifiable with these relatively low
      concentrations, and allows the product to be appropriately assessed.

PMID- 4040064
TI  - Changing concepts of ocular irritation evaluation: pitfalls and progress.
AB  - A series of studies has been carried out to evaluate methods of modifying
      existing ocular test protocols with the aim of reducing the numbers of animals
      used and lessening the severity of the response with the minimum effect on the
      predictive value of the tests. Initial studies showed that when the dose
      administered is reduced from 100 to 10 microliter, the severity of the response
      is reduced but the rank order of severity of a series of test compounds is
      unchanged. This series of studies also demonstrates that the greatest source of
      variability in obtaining irritation scores is in the rabbit population and that
      the numbers of rabbits used per test can be chosen on the basis of the required
      degree of accuracy. In a related study it is shown that direct corneal
      application of the test material (10 microliter) increases the corneal response
      but has no effect on the conjunctival response in comparison with reactions after
      application in the conjunctival cul-de-sac. Finally, a retrospective study was
      performed to determine whether severe skin irritation is predictive of a similar
      level of response in the eye. Of 60 compounds known to be severe skin irritants,
      only 39 are severe eye irritants whereas 15 are mild to non-irritants. The
      remainder were found to cause moderate responses in the eye. These data
      demonstrate that existing ocular irritation test protocols can be modified to use
      fewer animals under less extreme conditions without significant compromise of
      predictability. However, dermal irritation, determined using current test
      protocols, does not appear to be directly predictive of ocular irritation
      potential.

PMID- 4040065
TI  - The mouse intradermal test, a well-established and reliable model in skin
      tolerance testing.
AB  - The intradermal test in mice is a valuable model for assessing dermal tolerance
      to chemical substances. The test material is administered intracutaneously to
      hairless or depilated mice through a fine syringe, the animals are killed after
      24 hours and the treated skin is removed, dried and assessed for reaction area,
      erythema and oedema. The skin fragments can be preserved as a record of the
      findings. While direct transfer of the findings from mouse to man is likely to be
      misleading, the test is well suited to comparative studies. Moreover it requires
      only small numbers of mice.

PMID- 4040066
TI  - Quantitative assessment of irritation in the mouse skin test.
AB  - Intracutaneous injection of aqueous solutions of topically irritant substances
      into the skin of juvenile mice creates a persisting oedema, the strength of which
      can be assessed by the number of wrinkles formed on reefing the skin at the site
      of injection. An algorithm is used to transform the number of wrinkles, recorded
      just before and 2.5 and 6 hr after the injection, into the intensity of the
      oedematous reaction. This quantity, which does not depend on subjective
      assessments graded on an arbitrary scale, is reproducible and has been judged to
      be relevant to the prediction of irritancy likely to arise from accidental
      contact of substances with mucous membranes.

PMID- 4040067
TI  - An approach to the development of in vitro toxicological methods.
AB  - Over the last few years there has been increased societal pressure on the one
      hand and self-generated scientific pressure on the other to develop new and
      better in vitro techniques for the evaluation of the safety of commercial
      products. In vitro methodology addresses four major areas within toxicology. It
      provides the basic science of the discipline with new information. In acute
      toxicity testing, it can provide alternatives to current approaches, e.g. the
      Draize irritation tests. In the area of chronic toxicity testing, it will allow
      us to define the mechanisms associated with organ specific insults. In the area
      of risk assessment, the combined knowledge obtained by superior methods will
      allow us to assess risk more accurately. The results of studies on alternatives
      to the Draize irritation tests being carried out at or supported by The Johns
      Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing will be reviewed.

PMID- 4040068
TI  - The FRAME interlaboratory programme on in vitro cytotoxicology.
AB  - FRAME (the Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments) has
      established a research programme in collaboration with four research centres and
      a number of industrial companies, to determine whether cell cultures can reliably
      be used to replace live animal procedures in routine tests on the relative acute
      toxicities of chemicals. Following the development of the test protocol, initial
      trials were carried out to establish intralaboratory and interlaboratory
      reproducibility and the criteria for choice of cell types, end-points and
      metabolizing systems. A set of coded chemicals is being collected for use in
      blind trials and summaries of existing knowledge of the in vivo toxicity of these
      compounds are being produced. More recently, FRAME has established an
      international validation scheme for in vitro alternative methods.

PMID- 4040069
TI  - An in vitro epidermal slice technique for identifying chemicals with potential
      for severe cutaneous effects.
AB  - We have developed an in vitro model, using epidermal slices, to identify skin
      corrosive potential. Such potential has been correlated with the ability to lyse
      stratum corneum, indicated by a lowered electrical resistance of the skin slice.
      Using 41 corrosive and 22 irritant chemicals, a comparison of in vitro and in
      vivo classifications has shown that this in vitro technique identifies corrosive
      agents with high precision. Therefore the model has considerable potential as a
      prescreen to conventional animal tests and, unlike in vivo screening tests, can
      provide both objective and quantifiable data.

PMID- 4040070
TI  - The use of cell and organ culture from the respiratory tract for testing
      chemicals.
AB  - For the toxicity testing of compounds using tissue from the respiratory tract,
      three types of in vitro cell or tissue culture systems are being developed from
      foetal Syrian hamster respiratory organs on day 15 of gestation. The first
      system, early-passage cell cultures of a mixed population obtained from foetal
      lungs, has been used frequently for the study of in vitro cell transformation.
      The clonal culture technique using these cells permitted the semi-quantitative
      determination of the toxicity of poly- or heterocyclic hydrocarbons in terms of
      the reduction in the number of surviving colonies. The second system, an explant
      culture technique using foetal tracheae, demonstrated the induction, by
      polycyclic hydrocarbons, of alterations such as hyperplasia, epidermoid
      metaplasia or dysplasia of mucociliary epithelia. The third system uses the cells
      of a permanent clonal epithelial cell line established from the foetal lung.
      These cells differentiated into a mucus-producing cell type in a medium
      supplemented with vitamin A and hormone. In order to observe general aspects of
      toxicity in these cells, they were exposed first to model substances such as
      sulphuric acid and potassium dichromate. After 24 hr of post-exposure incubation,
      the activities of membrane-bound and cytosolic enzymes, the amount of sialic acid
      released into the medium and cell survival were measured. Based on the results
      obtained so far, the potential value of each system is discussed.

PMID- 4040071
TI  - The penetration of detergents into adult and infant eyes: possible hazards of
      additives to ophthalmic preparations.
AB  - In studies of surfactant penetration into the eye, radiolabelled detergent was
      found to penetrate the rabbit cornea, to accumulate readily in ocular tissues and
      to be released slowly. Repeated applications led to increasing binding of the
      detergent. Permeability, ocular and systemic uptake and retention were all
      greater in juvenile than in adult rabbits. Preliminary tests of the effects of
      surfactants on ocular cells in vitro using concentrations found in vivo, suggest
      that some low-level effects might occur, particularly in juveniles.

PMID- 4040072
TI  - Interpretation of cell toxicity data for the estimation of potential irritation.
AB  - Three cytotoxicity assays were evaluated using 57 chemicals of various classes
      (inorganic and organic metal salts, solvents, detergents, reagents, drugs) which
      have widely different mechanisms of cytotoxicity. Baby hamster kidney fibroblasts
      (BHK-21/C13) and early (Keller) and late (MRC-5) passage human fibroblasts were
      used to measure cell detachment, cloning efficiency, and growth inhibition under
      subconfluent culture conditions. For the majority of chemicals, for which
      comparisons were made, the ranking order was roughly the same in all three tests
      and with all three cell types. However, for some chemicals specific growth
      effects could either be detected or excluded because the relationship between the
      data from the detachment assay and that from one of the growth assays was
      characteristically altered. The ranking order resulting from our in vitro data
      correlated better with threshold limit values for human workroom air (TLV/TWA)
      than with LD50 values (rat, oral). Correlations with data from Draize skin and
      eye irritation tests were not determined since the available in vivo values were
      derived using various different scoring systems. However, when our in vitro data
      were used to divide the chemicals into three crude classes, (i) non-irritant,
      (ii) mild to moderate irritant, or (iii) strong irritant or corrosive, and the
      results were compared with the known irritation potential for skin and mucous
      membranes derived from human exposure data, the in vitro data were more than 80%
      predictive of the in vivo classifications.

PMID- 4040073
TI  - An in vitro cytotoxicity test to predict the ocular irritation potential of
      detergents and detergent products.
AB  - Two in vitro cytotoxicity procedures, the measurement of cell-membrane integrity
      using fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide, and the quantitation of the
      release of a cell-membrane-bound enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, were used to
      assess the cytotoxicity of a range of cationic, anionic and nonionic detergents.
      The in vitro results were compared with the in vivo irritancy of these compounds
      in the rabbit eye. Although in general the decreasing order of potency of
      cationic, anionic and nonionic detergents was similar in vivo and in vitro, there
      were some apparent anomalies which may be due to the differing penetration
      characteristics of the detergents, as indicated by electrical impedance
      measurements of the isolated cornea. The study was extended to an examination of
      the cytotoxicity of a range of completely soluble, detergent-based formulations
      in a suspension culture of mouse fibroblasts. In this case the in vitro results
      correlated more closely with those from the in vivo tests.

PMID- 4040074
TI  - A battery of potential alternatives to the Draize test: uridine uptake
      inhibition, morphological cytotoxicity, macrophage chemotaxis and exfoliative
      cytology.
AB  - Four assays that may serve as components of a battery of alternatives to the
      conventional Draize test were described. The exfoliative cytology assay is a
      refinement of the Draize test that may provide a more sensitive and more
      objective end-point. The macrophage migration assay addresses the inflammatory
      aspects of the physiological response to irritation. The uridine uptake
      inhibition assay uses a quantitative, reversible end-point to detect the short
      term action of agents on cell membranes and cell phosphorylative potential.
      Finally, the cytological assay serves as a rapid, easily performed general
      indicator of cytotoxic action. The two latter assays have been demonstrated to
      correlate very well with Draize test results and with each other for a wide range
      of test agents.

PMID- 4040075
TI  - Toxicity of commercial products on cells in suspension culture: a possible screen
      for the Draize eye irritation test.
AB  - Incubation of LS cells in suspension for 4 hr in the presence of water-soluble
      commercial products with known Draize rabbit-eye irritation potential has shown
      that viability, as indicated by fluorescent dyes, is a credible screen for
      irritation. For product formulations containing immiscible and/or insoluble
      substances, there are difficulties that have been reduced by extraction of the
      soluble components of the formulations into the culture medium. A more sensitive
      and automated, though more expensive, technique based on the estimation of
      intracellular ATP levels has been developed and the ATP50 values (concentration
      that reduces intracellular ATP by 50%) for several substances indicate that this
      may be another suitable endpoint in cytotoxicity screening for animal irritation
      studies.

PMID- 4040076
TI  - Prediction of the eye irritation potential of shampoos using the in vitro SIRC
      cell toxicity test.
AB  - Shampoos predicted to vary over a wide range in their potential to cause eye
      irritancy were tested in SIRC rabbit corneal cells for cytotoxicity. Six shampoos
      at at least ten different concentrations were added to culture dishes containing
      the SIRC cells and were administered at a dose of 0.01 ml directly to the corneal
      surface of the albino rabbit eye. When the shampoos were ranked both according to
      their relative toxicities in vitro and according to their relative irritancies in
      the modified Draize test the resulting rank orders were in perfect agreement. The
      results demonstrate that the SIRC cell line is a suitable model system for
      screening shampoos of differing surfactant compositions without the need to use
      live animals. Further, results obtained from the SIRC cell assay should aid in
      the selection of final product formulations for in vivo testing as part of the
      pre-market clearance process.

PMID- 4040077
TI  - Hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane test for irritation potential.
AB  - The increasingly large number of chemicals introduced onto the market and into
      the environment has necessitated the monitoring of environmental materials and
      specimen banking, as well as the development of rapid and reliable methods for
      the evaluation of toxicity. The Hen's Egg Test, or Huhner-Embryonen-Test (HET) is
      a rapid, sensitive and inexpensive toxicity test and can give information on
      embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, systemic and immunopathological effects,
      metabolic pathways and now, in developed form, on mucous-membrane irritation
      potencies of chemical substances. Testing with incubated hen's eggs is a
      borderline case between in vivo and in vitro systems and does not conflict with
      ethical and legal obligations especially animal protection laws. In the special
      field of mucous-membrane irritation testing, a specific score and classification
      scheme was developed for the HET, which allows risk assessments analogous to the
      Draize scheme. There is a good correlation between the results for HET tests on a
      variety of pyrithiones, phenols and isothiazolinones, and the corresponding data
      based on Draize tests. HET chorioallantoic membrane testing should and could not
      entirely replace current irritation tests in mammals, but it can diminish the
      number of investigations with mammals, as well as limit or eliminate pain and
      injury during animal experiments and allow regulators to set priority and
      toxicity categories.

PMID- 4040078
TI  - The chick embryo in toxicology: an alternative to the rabbit eye.
AB  - The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chick embryo is readily accessible for
      experimentation. It is a complete tissue that responds to injury with classical
      inflammatory reactions. It is limited to the late phase of embryologic life, and
      is without the sense of pain. Focal topical application of various household
      products onto the CAM results in local injury and reactions that differ in
      severity from one product to another. For any single product, tested as a
      sequence of dilutions on a series of membranes, the CAM responds with decreasing
      intensity that parallels the decreasing dosage. The membrane is prepared for
      study according to the method of Zwilling (Transplantn Bull 1959, 6, 115). The
      test material is applied in a Teflon ring to the 14-day-old CAM, to localize the
      application site. The macroscopic response is scored on day 17 of incubation. The
      results of analysis of histological preparations are found to correlate with
      macroscopic appearance. When a series of preparations was ranked according to the
      severity of the response each induced on the CAM, there was a good correlation
      with the ranking of the same preparations in the Draize test.

PMID- 4040079
TI  - Irritant action due to physico-chemical parameters of test solutions.
AB  - The irritant action of various buffer solutions was determined by the mouse skin
      test. All results for isosmolal solutions differing in initial pH values and
      buffer capacities could be satisfactorily represented by a general model which
      could be used to predict the irritancy of solutions with unphysiological pH
      values in contact with mucous membranes. The results obtained with hyperosmolal
      solutions are as yet too limited for such a general statement, but it appears
      that increasing osmolality gradually overrides the effect of the pH value. The
      relevance of the results to the prediction of irritant potentialities for man has
      been assessed by comparison with results of rabbit-eye tests carried out by
      Friedenwald et al. (Archs Ophthal., N.Y. 1944, 31, 279).

PMID- 4040080
TI  - Use of cultured human conjunctival and other cells to assess the relative
      toxicity of six local anaesthetics.
AB  - The effects of six local anaesthetics on five cell types were investigated in
      vitro, with the objectives of assessing their toxicity to the cell types with
      which they would be likely to come into contact, ranking them in order of
      toxicity, determining whether toxicity was related to potency, and investigating
      a range of indices of toxicity. Procaine, lignocaine, piperocaine, amylocaine,
      amethocaine and cinchocaine all showed some toxicity increasing in that order.
      The indices of toxicity studied all led to the same ranking order of the drugs,
      and this order was also the order of their anaesthetic potencies. Thus cell
      culture was shown to be a useful means of investigating local anaesthetics for
      toxicity.

PMID- 4040081
TI  - Ocular tolerance assessment--integrated tier policy.
AB  - A tier scheme is proposed for the assessment of ocular tolerance as part of the
      safety evaluation of materials. The scheme has four stages: (1) physico-chemical
      characterization, (2) an in vitro cytotoxicity study, (3) a dermal tolerance
      study in rabbits and (4) initial and confirmatory ocular tolerance studies in
      rabbits. The assessment may be terminated at any of the stages, including during
      the course of the final stage. This tier system appears to provide a considered
      and careful approach to the requirement to assess the ocular tolerance of those
      materials for which conventional animal tests are not essential.

PMID- 4040082
TI  - Distribution of eye irritation scores of industrial chemicals.
AB  - Eye irritation results obtained in tests on agricultural and industrial chemicals
      (raw materials, intermediates, formulation components and sales products) were
      classified on the basis of an arbitrary breakdown of the scores (which ranged
      from 0 (no irritation) to a maximum of 110) into six categories. This showed that
      of the materials (about 600) tested over a 2-year period, 18-31% caused no
      irritation at all, 42-51% caused minimal irritation (scores of 0.1-10.9), 9-17%
      were classed as slightly irritant (11.0-25.9) and 8-12% as moderately irritant
      (26.0-55.9), while 2-6 and 1-5% came into the categories of strong and extreme
      irritants, respectively (with scores of 56.0-84.0 and 84.1-110). Testing of the
      last two groups involves the test animals in discomfort, but because of the
      seriousness of eye damage to man this cannot always be avoided.

PMID- 4040083
TI  - The in vitro assessment of eye irritancy using isolated eyes.
AB  - Rabbit eyes were removed and held in temperature-regulated chambers and irrigated
      with saline. A dose of 0.1 ml of test irritant was applied to each eye (six eyes
      per test material) and the induced change in corneal thickness measured over a 5
      hour period, using a Zeiss photoslit-lamp microscope. A total of sixty materials
      were assessed and the results graded and compared with in vivo effects. The
      results show that this in vitro test can be relied upon to provide a rapid,
      accurate prediction of the irritancy potential in vivo, with a wide range of
      chemicals and, as such, offers a reliable alternative to the use of live animals.

PMID- 4040084
TI  - Evidence from two classic irritation tests for an anti-inflammatory action of a
      natural extract, Echinacina B.
AB  - The roots of Echinacea angustifolia (fam. Compositae) were used to obtain an
      antiphlogistic, immunostimulating and skin repairing extract. On the basis of
      these potential actions, the extract is used in cosmetic preparations. The aim of
      this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract using
      different irritation tests. The irritation reaction was induced by application of
      0.015 ml of 0.25% croton oil in water to the ears of mice. The raw extract
      (Echinacina B), topically applied, inhibited oedema both at the maximum (6 hr)
      and in the decreasing phase (18 hr), and this effect was directly proportional to
      the doses used. Echinacina B was found to be more potent than the positive
      control, benzidamine, a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In
      addition, the extract given iv 1 hr before injection of 0.05 ml of 1% carrageenan
      into the hind paws of rats inhibited oedema in the histaminic and in the later
      phases of the phlogistic process. These data show the qualitative value of
      irritation tests for studying the anti-inflammatory action of a natural plant
      extract.

PMID- 4040085
TI  - Biopharmaceutical test of ocular irritation in the mouse.
AB  - A simple and accurate test for ocular irritation in mice has been developed in
      which the subjective evaluation of intolerance is supplemented by an objective
      measurement, based on the change in corneal permeability following ocular damage.
      An episcopic microscope is used to detect, under blue light, the amount of
      fluorescein that diffuses across the inflamed or damaged cornea. The fluorescence
      emitted by this fluorochrome is quantified by a photomultiplier. The degree of
      ocular damage is expressed as a fluorescence index which can be subjected to
      statistical analysis. In a first stage of this study a series of surfactants has
      been examined and classified on the basis of their fluorescence index. The
      classification thus obtained is in agreement with those previously reported in
      the literature for assessment of ocular irritation by other methods.

PMID- 4040086
TI  - Effects of methyl linoleate hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide on N-nitrosation
      of dimethylamine.
AB  - The effects of methyl linoleate hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide on the N
      nitrosation of dimethylamine were investigated. Hydrogen peroxide inhibited the
      formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine by the reaction of dimethylamine and nitrite
      in citrate buffer (pH 3-5). The inhibitory effect was due to the loss of
      available nitrite by quantitative conversion into nitrate. The formation of N
      nitrosodimethylamine from the reaction of dimethylamine and nitrous acid in
      chloroform was effectively inhibited by methyl linoleate hydroperoxide. The
      inhibitory effect of the hydroperoxide was much greater than that of methyl
      linoleate. The loss of nitrous acid from the reaction mixture was due to the
      conversion of nitrous acid into nitric acid and the formation of two adducts,
      both of which contained nitrogen and had peroxide and carbonyl or carbonyl
      liberating functions. It is suggested that unsaturated fatty acids and lipid
      hydroperoxides are effective inhibitors of nitrosamine formation.

PMID- 4040087
TI  - Toxicity of Diplodia maydis in farm and laboratory animals.
AB  - The acute toxicity of maize culture material of eight strains of Diplodia maydis
      in ducklings, as well as the ability of five of these strains to induce typical
      diplodiosis (a neuromuscular disease) in cattle and sheep was shown. Typical
      diplodiosis was induced in 17 sheep and 11 cattle. Two of the five toxic strains
      were isolated from maize involved in diploidiosis outbreaks, the others from
      commercial maize. Strains inducing diplodiosis could be isolated from commercial
      maize from the USA, Argentina and South Africa. There was no correlation between
      the toxicity of D. maydis strains in ducklings and their ability to induce
      diplodiosis in cattle and sheep. Some isolates were acutely toxic to ducklings
      and rats but were unable to induce diplodiosis in either cattle or sheep. Others,
      equally toxic to ducklings and rats, induced diplodiosis in cattle and sheep at
      low dose levels. Two doses, each of 5 g/kg, of maize culture material of isolates
      from the USA, Argentina and South Africa induced diplodiosis in sheep. Culture
      material incubated for less than 8 wk could not induce diplodiosis in cattle.
      Acute toxicity in ducklings and rats also increased with longer incubation
      periods. Cultures of non-sporulating and profusely sporulating strains were
      equally toxic to ducklings. Heat treatment of culture material for 48 days at 45
      degrees C failed to reduce toxicity in ducklings.

PMID- 4040088
TI  - Hydrocarbon hydroxylation system in liver microsomes from four animal species.
AB  - The in vitro metabolism of n-heptadecane was investigated using hepatic
      microsomes from Hubbard chickens, New Zealand rabbits, Wistar rats and rainbow
      trout. Incubations with the 14C-labelled alkane for 1 hr showed that the rate of
      oxidation varied between species; the rate (per mg protein) in chickens was
      roughly 20-fold greater than the rate in trout, and roughly 10-fold greater than
      the rates in rats and rabbits. On the basis of cytochrome P-450 content, the rate
      of heptadecane metabolism was roughly 20-fold greater in the chicken than in the
      other species. Moreover, the lambda max Soret band of the reduced cytochrome P
      450 CO-complex was observed at 452 nm in the chicken. Correlation between the
      rate of heptadecane metabolism and in vivo storage levels is discussed.

PMID- 4040089
TI  - Do particles translocate from the vagina to the oviducts and beyond?
AB  - To investigate whether particles deposited in the vagina translocate to the
      oviducts, 0.3 ml of a 4% bone black suspension was deposited in the posterior
      vaginal fornix of each of five cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) during
      their mid-menstrual cycle. Simultaneously, each animal received 10 units of
      oxytocin by intramuscular injection. The oviducts of three animals were removed 1
      hr after administration of the bone black, while those of the remaining two
      animals were removed 72 hr after dosing. The removed oviducts were flushed with
      Hank's solution and then with collagenase solution. The solutions were collected
      in clean vials and filtered. The filters were examined for bone black particles
      by light microscopy, as were filters through which solution blanks (negative
      controls) had been passed. Particles resembling bone black were found on all
      filters. There were no appreciable differences in the number or shape of these
      particles between the solution-blank filters and the oviduct-flush filters. The
      particles on both the solution-blank filters and on the oviduct-flush filters
      probably originated from environmental contamination by ubiquitous carbon
      particles. While these results suggested that no translocation took place,
      translocation could not be ruled out with certainty in the absence of
      quantitative analyses. A more definitive pilot study was then conducted with two
      dosed monkeys and one control, using talc labelled by neutron activation to
      circumvent the problem of environmental contamination. Gamma-Ray analysis of
      tissue and peritoneal lavage samples for the radionuclides 46Sc, 59Fe and 60Co
      indicated that no measurable quantities (i.e. greater than 0.5 micrograms) of
      talc translocated from the deposition site in the vagina to the uterine cavity
      and beyond.

PMID- 4040090
TI  - Identification and assessment of the effects of chemicals on reproduction and
      development (reproductive toxicology).
AB  - Most studies for determining the reproductive toxicity of a chemical have to be
      conducted with whole animals. Test procedures used to investigate parts or the
      whole of the reproductive cycle are described in current guidelines. Other
      techniques, such as in vitro methods, and those for investigating specific events
      in the cycle, are under development. Epidemiological studies can give valuable
      information, although they are difficult to perform and interpret in practice.
      There is a need for more epidemiological studies of exposed populations and for
      recording and quantifying the concentrations of chemicals to which such
      populations are exposed. It is suggested that animal experiments should be
      programmed in a stepwise manner, and should take into account effects seen in
      previous toxicity studies. The programme of tests for determining reproductive
      toxic potential should be established on a case-by-case basis, since many factors
      will influence the choice of studies and the sequence in which they should be
      performed.

PMID- 4040091
TI  - It's coffee time again!

PMID- 4040092
TI  - Saccharin: current status.

PMID- 4040093
TI  - Characterization of aminosaccharins in commercial sodium saccharin produced by
      the Maumee process.
AB  - The most abundant polar impurities detected by ion-pair high-pressure liquid
      chromatography of sodium saccharin produced by the Maumee process were identified
      as 5- and 6-aminosaccharin. The combined levels of these compounds in the samples
      analysed ranged from 99 to 152 mg/kg. Other less abundant polar impurities
      identified in Maumee process sodium saccharin were 7-aminosaccharin and o
      sulphamoylbenzoic acid. Mutagenicity assays of 5-aminosaccharin, 6-aminosaccharin
      and a polar impurity fraction isolated from Maumee saccharin, gave negative
      results.

PMID- 4040094
TI  - Some changes in gastro-intestinal metabolism and in the urine and bladders of
      rats in response to sodium saccharin ingestion.
AB  - In rats fed sodium saccharin in the diet changes in urine composition, increased
      bladder-tissue mass and, in males only, an accumulation of minerals in the
      bladder tissue have been observed. In this report evidence is presented that
      indicates that these changes are a consequence of the effects of sodium saccharin
      in the gastro-intestinal tract and are not due to systemic sodium saccharin.
      Sodium saccharin has been shown to inhibit gastro-intestinal enzymes that digest
      carbohydrates and proteins and to increase caecal absorption of mineral ions. The
      significance of these findings to saccharin-associated bladder tumorigenesis is
      discussed.

PMID- 4040095
TI  - The effects of high dietary levels of sodium saccharin on mineral and water
      balance and related parameters in rats.
AB  - The effects of sodium saccharin (NaS) treatment on mineral and water balance and
      a number of related parameters were studied over a 10-day period in 7-month-old
      Charles River CD rats. Eight groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were studied.
      In four of the groups the rats were the F1 offspring of rats that had been
      exposed to NaS at 1, 3, 5 or 7.5% in the diet and the offspring were treated with
      the same dietary levels of NaS as their parents. Prior treatment in two other
      groups was modified in order to evaluate the role of in utero exposure to NaS on
      the study parameters: rats in one group were only exposed in utero via dams fed
      diets containing 5% NaS while treatment in the other group did not include in
      utero exposure, but was started at birth via dams fed diets containing NaS and
      continued at a dietary concentration of 5% NaS. Second-generation rats in another
      group were fed diets containing 5% sodium hippurate (NaH), a compound with a
      number of physical and chemical properties similar to those of NaS; this group
      was included in order to evaluate the specificity of NaS and/or the effect of
      sodium on the study parameters. A group of untreated rats served as controls.
      Treatment-related effects were observed in most study parameters. In addition, a
      number of differences between male and female rats in baseline values and/or in
      response to NaS administration were observed. With increasing dietary levels of
      NaS body weights decreased, but there were increases in water consumption, faecal
      water content, and caecal weights. NaS treatment resulted in increased urine
      volume and decreased urine osmolality, changes in urine mineral concentrations
      (increased sodium, decreased potassium and zinc) and increases in fresh and dry
      bladder weights, bladder-tissue hydration, and mineral concentrations (sodium,
      potassium, magnesium and zinc) in bladder tissue. The parameters in which clear
      sex-related differences in baseline values were observed were body weight, food
      and water consumption, urine volume, urine osmolality, fresh bladder mass,
      bladder-tissue hydration and the concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium
      and zinc in the bladder tissue. With the exception of urine osmolality, the
      values were higher in females. Differences between males and females in response
      to treatment were observed for NaS consumption (increased in females), caecal
      weight (increased in females), NaS concentration in the urine (increased in
      males), and the concentration of sodium, potassium, magnesium and zinc in the
      bladder tissue (increased in males).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4040096
TI  - Evaluation of the dose response and in utero exposure to saccharin in the rat.
AB  - A two-generation bioassay on sodium saccharin (NaS), involving 2500 second
      generation male rats, was designed to determine the dose response for urinary
      bladder tumours in male rats and to evaluate other changes possibly related to
      the occurrence of the tumours. Six treatment groups (125-700 rats/group) were fed
      dietary levels of NaS ranging from 1.0 to 7.5%. To evaluate the role of in utero
      exposure, two additional groups were exposed to NaS either only during gestation
      via dams fed diet containing 5.0% NaS or for a single generation beginning at
      birth. In the latter group, the nursing dams were placed on an NaS diet
      immediately after giving birth and their offspring were weaned onto diets
      containing 5.0% NaS. A third additional group, included to evaluate the
      specificity of NaS and the role of excess sodium in the occurrence of urinary
      bladder tumours, was fed diet containing sodium hippurate (NaH) for two
      generations--5.0% NaH to the first generation and to the second until 8 wk old,
      and subsequently 3.0% because of unexpected toxicity. A clear dose response for
      urinary bladder tumours was observed in the second-generation NaS-treated male
      rats. The steep slope of the dose-response curve indicated a rapid decline in
      tumour incidence with decreasing dose. The 1.0% dietary level (fed to 700 rats)
      was considered to be a no-effect level for bladder tumours. The only other
      treatment-related pathological changes were an increase in urinary bladder weight
      in rats fed greater than or equal to 3.0% and an increase in mineralization of
      the kidneys with greater than or equal to 1.0%. Several physiological effects
      were seen in the NaS-treated groups showing an increase in bladder tumours (i.e.
      those fed greater than or equal to 3.0%). Some changes, e.g. depressed growth and
      increased water consumption, were indicative of a general disturbance of these
      rats, but analysis of body-weight, food-consumption, compound-consumption and
      water-consumption data revealed no correlations within any dose group between
      these quantitative data and the occurrence of bladder tumours. Other changes
      indicative of the compromised situations of the rats fed high dietary levels of
      NaS were anaemia in weanling rats fed 5.0 or 7.5% and a reduction in litter size
      at dietary levels greater than or equal to 3.0%. Changes in urine volume and
      urine osmolality were highly correlated with the occurrence of the urinary
      bladder tumours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4040097
TI  - Histopathological evaluation of rat urinary bladders from the IRDC two-generation
      bioassay of sodium saccharin.
AB  - Bladder tissues from rats treated with sodium saccharin in a two-generation dose
      response study, in which 1.0% in the diet had been identified as the no-effect
      level for primary bladder cancer, were re-examined without knowledge of the test
      groups or the previous histopathological findings. Compound-related increases in
      the incidences of hyperplasia were found at the 6.25 and 7.5% saccharin levels
      (the highest dietary levels tested). There were also compound-related increased
      in the incidence of transitional-cell papillomas and/or carcinomas at the 4.0,
      5.0, 6.25 and 7.5% levels. There was a slight increase in the incidence of
      transitional-cell carcinomas at the 3.0% level, but this was not statistically
      significant (P = 0.25). No compound-related effects were evident at the 1.0%
      level. All tumours were well to moderately differentiated and there was no
      increase in mean grades of severity or anaplasia for any proliferative lesion.

PMID- 4040098
TI  - A cancer risk assessment for saccharin.
AB  - The results from a recently completed large experiment with rats exposed to
      saccharin show that the dose-response function is much steeper than was
      previously assumed. Based on this observed steepness, any implied cancer risk at
      the low doses of interest to man is very small.

PMID- 4040099
TI  - Multi-stage carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder.
AB  - Sodium saccharin has been shown to be a promoting substance for urinary bladder
      carcinogenesis in the rat following initiation with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-[4
      (5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT), or N-butyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. It has been shown to have many of the properties of
      promoting substances in other animal models, such as the mouse skin; it lacks
      mutagenic activity, induces hyperplasia in the target tissue, and does not bind
      DNA. It has recently been demonstrated to be co-carcinogenic for the rat bladder.
      It has also been shown that the administration of sodium saccharin during the
      regenerative hyperplasia observed after freeze ulceration or cyclophosphamide
      administration resulted in the induction of bladder tumours, even without pre
      initiation with FANFT or other known initiating substances. This model appears to
      be analogous to the administration of sodium saccharin to animals with a rapidly
      proliferating bladder mucosa as occurs in utero during the two-generation
      carcinogenesis experiments and in the pellet-insertion experiments in which a
      cholesterol pellet containing sodium saccharin is inserted into the bladder. To
      enhance our understanding of the complex interaction of the many variables
      involved in two-stage bladder carcinogenesis, a stochastic model has been
      formulated based on long-term carcinogenicity and in vivo tissue kinetic studies.
      This model indicates the importance of cell proliferation and the development of
      hyperplasia in carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4040100
TI  - Saccharin--current status. Report of an expert panel. Scientific review group.

PMID- 4040101
TI  - Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of FD & C Blue No. 2 in rats.
AB  - FD & C Blue No. 2 was fed to rats in the diet in a long-term
      toxicity/carcinogenicity study. The study included an in utero phase in which the
      compound was administered to groups of 60 male and 60 female Charles River CD
      albino rats at levels of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%. Two concurrent control groups, each
      containing 60 rats of each sex, received the basal diet. After random selection
      of the F1 animals, the long-term phase was initiated at the same dietary levels,
      with 70 rats of each sex in each dose group and in each of two control groups.
      Maximum exposure was 30 months. No consistent compound-related biologically
      adverse effects were noted. There were random statistically significant
      differences from the controls with respect to body weight, food consumption and
      clinical chemistry tests. Food consumption by the test groups showed a dose
      related increase. This was probably due to the non-nutritive character of the
      colouring. A statistically significant increase in gliomas in the high-dose male
      rats was not found to be biologically significant, since none of the criteria for
      determining the neurocarcinogenic potential of chemical substances was met. The
      overall brain-tumour incidence in this study was within the range typical for 2
      yr-old CD rats. Under the conditions of this study, FD & C Blue No. 2 did not
      produce evidence of any toxicity, including carcinogenicity.

PMID- 4040102
TI  - Influence of dose and sex on the disposition and hepatic effects of cinnamyl
      anthranilate in the B6C3F1 mouse.
AB  - Cinnamyl anthranilate is a synthetic food flavouring and fragrance agent,
      formerly used at very low levels. There is currently some concern over the
      potential risk to man from its use, since it has been found to cause liver
      tumours in mice, following the administration of very large doses. This paper
      reports studies of its disposition and hepatic effects in B6C3F1 mice in relation
      to dose. Following a single oral dose of 500 mg cinnamyl anthranilate/kg body
      weight to B6C3F1 mice peak plasma levels of unchanged compound were reached in 30
      min, and were higher in males than in females. Unchanged cinnamyl anthranilate in
      the urine accounted for 0.3-0.4% of the dose. Anthranilic acid (c. 17%) and
      hippuric acid (35%; the major metabolite of cinnamyl alcohol) were present in the
      urine, and recoveries of both were higher in females. Groups of male and female
      B6C3F1 mice were given 0, 10, 100, 1000, 5000, 15,000 and 30,000 ppm cinnamyl
      anthranilate in the diet. After 4 days, the diet was removed and urine collected
      for 24 hr. This contained cinnamyl anthranilate (more in males) hippuric and
      anthranilic acids (more in females) in concentrations that increased with dose.
      Other animals were given these diets for 19 days and then killed. Relative liver
      weight and hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 increased with increasing dose
      above 1000 ppm cinnamyl anthranilate, more markedly in males than in females
      although the maximum response (roughly twofold) was very similar in the two
      sexes. SDS-PAGE examination of the microsomes revealed the induction of a
      cytochrome P-450 isozyme of 53.1 kDa, but the aniline hydroxylase and p
      nitroanisole O-demethylase activities of the 9000 g supernatant of liver were not
      induced. The data are discussed in terms of their significance for the human
      safety evaluation of cinnamyl anthranilate. It is important to note that liver
      hypertrophy, microsomal enzyme induction and the excretion of unchanged cinnamyl
      anthranilate all have the same dose-threshold for their appearance. This suggests
      that the hepatic effects of cinnamyl anthranilate may be mediated by unhydrolysed
      cinnamyl anthranilate, which is present only at very high doses due to the
      saturation of its hydrolysis.

PMID- 4040103
TI  - Tumorigenicity study of butyl and isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoates administered orally
      to mice.
AB  - Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate (n-BHB) and isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoate (i-BHB) were
      administered orally to ICR/Jcl mice at concentrations of 0.6 (maximum tolerated
      dose), 0.3 or 0.15% in the diet for up to 102 wk. Tumours were observed at
      various sites including the haematopoietic system, the lung and the soft tissue.
      However, at none of the sites did the tumour incidence or the time to death with
      tumours differ significantly from that in the untreated control group.

PMID- 4040104
TI  - Thermal conversion of trimethylamine-N-oxide to trimethylamine and dimethylamine
      in squids.
AB  - The levels of dimethylamine-nitrogen (DMA-N), trimethylamine-nitrogen (TMA-N) and
      trimethylamine-N-oxide-nitrogen (TMAO-N) were determined in five species of dried
      squid. Each sample contained extremely high levels of TMAO-N (2558-8064 ppm) and
      moderate amounts of TMA-N (121-503 ppm) and DMA-N (124-373 ppm). Over 90% of TMAO
      N in squid was converted to TMA-N and DMA-N after heating at 200 degrees C for 1
      hr; approximately 50% of the volatile TMA-N and DMA-N was lost during the course
      of the heating. The thermal conversions were accelerated by heat, and possibly
      involved catalysis by certain tissue constituents. Squids are a popular seafood
      in most oriental countries, but before appearing on the market they are subjected
      to a long food-processing procedure. Therefore, a high concentration of TMAO in
      squids is an important problem, for food technology as well as toxicology.

PMID- 4040105
TI  - Genotoxicity testing of cigarette-smoke condensate in the SCE and HGPRT assays
      with V79 Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - The genotoxicity of cigarette-smoke condensate (CSC) was investigated using V79
      Chinese hamster fibroblasts in the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and HGPRT
      (hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase) tests. CSC was negative in the
      SCE test both with and without metabolic activation (co-cultivation with chick
      embryo primary hepatocytes). In the HGPRT test no direct mutagenicity of CSC was
      observed but after metabolic activation there was a considerable increase in the
      number of mutants. Comparison of different metabolizing systems showed that non
      induced chick hepatocytes, liver homogenate from non-induced chick embryos and
      liver homogenate from rats pretreated with Aroclor 1254 generated similar numbers
      of mutants in cells treated with CSC. In addition the capacity of CSC to inhibit
      metabolic co-operation between V79 cells was studied. A dose-related increase in
      the inhibition of metabolic co-operation was observed.

PMID- 4040106
TI  - Maternal-foetal distribution studies in late pregnancy. I. Distribution of [N
      methyl-14C]betaine in tissues of beagle dogs and miniature pigs.
AB  - [N-Me-14C]Betaine was administered iv as a single dose (5 mg/kg) to pregnant
      beagle dogs and miniature pigs late in gestation. Two hr after administration of
      the radiolabel, when the compound was in equilibrium, the dams were killed and
      the foetuses were removed for determination of the radioactivity in maternal and
      foetal tissues. Eight litters of dogs (56 foetuses) and four litters of pigs (30
      foetuses) were examined. The distribution of betaine in both species showed
      distinct differences between maternal and foetal tissues, indicating definite
      placental barriers; the placental distribution factor was estimated to be 52.3%
      in dogs and 97.8% in pigs. The blood/brain distribution factor was 84.6% in
      maternal dogs, 89% in maternal pigs, 65.7% in foetal dogs and 0% in foetal pigs.
      In the dog, maternal liver was the largest depot of the administered betaine,
      followed by foetal liver. Foetal heart, lung and kidney tissues also incorporated
      radiolabelled betaine. The highest concentrations of betaine in the pig were
      found in maternal kidney and liver.

PMID- 4040107
TI  - Studies on the design of animal tests for the corrosiveness of industrial
      chemicals.
AB  - Using a defined method for the determination of irritant and corrosive effects,
      the effects of varying the exposure time and the extent of occlusion were
      investigated and compared in rabbit skin experiments (by occlusive and semi
      occlusive methods, each at exposure times of 1 hr and 4 hr). The results for 23
      substances demonstrate that exposure for 1 hr normally leads to a realistic
      assessment of corrosiveness, in agreement with those given in the EEC 'Dangerous
      Substances Directive' (67/548/EEC; Off. J. Europ. Commun. 1967, 196, 1). With
      several substances, the 4-hr exposure leads to corrosive effects that do not
      occur under practical conditions. Moreover, a 4-hr exposure does not lead to a
      realistic hazard assessment in every case; some substances exhibit a corrosive
      effect in this test but are not classified as "corrosive" in the EEC Guideline
      Annex I, no. 1.1. Results using the semi-occlusive method did not usually differ
      from those obtained with the occlusive method. In general, the semi-occlusive
      method can be used, and in the case of volatile substances it is strongly
      advocated.

PMID- 4040108
TI  - Carcinogenicity study of a commercial sodium oleate in Fischer rats.
AB  - Sodium oleate was added to the drinking-water of groups of 50 male and 50 female
      F344 rats at levels of 2.5 and 5.0% for 108 wk. The mean liver weight in males
      given 5% oleate was lower than that of the males given 2.5% oleate or distilled
      water alone. The mean thymus weight of females given 5% oleate was higher than
      that of females given 2.5% oleate or distilled water. There were no statistically
      significant differences between treated and control rats in the results of the
      urine and serum analyses or haematological determinations or in the incidence of
      tumours, apart from pancreatic tumours. The latter, in the males, showed some
      increase over the concurrent controls but did not differ significantly from the
      reported spontaneous incidence in this strain. It was concluded that sodium
      oleate does not induce tumours when given orally to F344 rats.

PMID- 4040109
TI  - Chromosomal studies in diabetic patients treated with chlorpropamide.
AB  - Chromosome studies were carried out on the peripheral blood of nine diabetic
      patients treated with chlorpropamide, on nine healthy controls and on nine
      untreated diabetic controls. Data from each treated individual were compared with
      the mean of the pooled data from the two control groups. There was a
      statistically significant increase in the individual numbers of sister chromatid
      exchanges per metaphase in each of the patients treated with the drug compared
      with the mean of the pooled control values. There was no significant increase in
      the numbers of structural chromosomal aberrations in the treated patients
      compared with the controls.

PMID- 4040110
TI  - [Development of a magnetic urethral closure device. A new procedure for the
      treatment of female urinary incontinence].

PMID- 4040111
TI  - Influence of starvation/refeeding transition on lipogenesis and NADPH producing
      systems in adipose tissue, mammary gland and liver at mid-lactation.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malic
      enzyme are enzymes involved in NADPH synthesis. Their specific activities and
      glucose utilization by isolated cell systems have been measured in adipose tissue
      and mammary gland from mid-lactating rats during starvation/refeeding transition.
      Starvation for 24 h produced a 75-90% decrease in the specific activities of
      these NADPH producing systems in mammary gland. Acinis isolated from the gland of
      starved rats had a lower production of CO2, fatty acids and triacylglycerols from
      (1-14C)glucose and (6-14C)-glucose than did gland from control rats. The
      activities of these enzymes in adipose tissue were very low and did not undergo
      any measurable alteration with starvation. The ability of adipocytes from well
      fed lactating rats to synthesize fatty acids from (1-14C)glucose was completely
      blocked. However, starvation is accompanied by a marked decrease in glucose
      incorporation into triacylglycerols. All the variations observed "in vivo" and
      "in vitro" in mammary gland returned almost to normal values by refeeding the
      starved lactating rats.

PMID- 4040113
TI  - Daily variations of plasma sex hormone-binding globulin binding capacity,
      testosterone and luteinizing hormone concentrations in healthy rested adult
      males.
AB  - In this study the daily variations of plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)
      binding capacity were measured together with plasma testosterone and luteinizing
      hormone (LH) concentrations in 7 healthy rested adult males. Plasma SHBG-binding
      capacity demonstrated a significant circadian rhythm (acrophase = 2.06 p.m.;
      mesor = 0.35 +/- 0.6 ng testosterone bound/100 ml; amplitude = 17% of the mesor).
      Plasma testosterone also showed a circadian rhythm (acrophase = 7.02 a.m.; mesor
      = 4.38 +/- 0.67 ng/ml; amplitude = 18% of the mesor). The free testosterone index
      (or the ratio between plasma testosterone and SHBG-binding capacity) was not
      correlated with plasma LH levels. In our hands this last parameter did not vary
      according to a circadian pattern. These data are discussed in terms of a feedback
      mechanism controlling the pituitary-testis axis regulation.

PMID- 4040112
TI  - The time sequence of adaptive changes to dietary phosphorus deficiency in the
      chick.
AB  - Ten-day old chicks were divided into 6 groups which were fed a low phosphorus (P)
      diet for periods of 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 7 or 11 days before killing at 3 weeks old.
      Labelled calcium (47Ca) was injected intraperitoneally into some birds 18 hours
      before killing. A marked fall in growth rate, plasma phosphorus level, plasma
      growth hormone level and renal 24-hydroxylase activity levels had occurred by 12
      hours after the experimental diet had started. After one day on the diet, the
      rate of duodenal Ca absorption had risen and continued to rise up to the 11th
      day. During this period, the renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-hydroxylase activity
      rose slightly while the 24-hydroxylase activity rose towards the control level.
      At 24 hours, the 47Ca level in the bone was markedly lower than in the control
      group and remained low. It was concluded that the first adaptive response of the
      chick to dietary P insufficiency was to suppress growth. Subsequent adaptive
      responses were to increase the rate of Ca and P absorption from the gut and
      mobilisation from the bone but despite these measures, the growth rate only
      recovered slightly and the plasma P level continued to fall.

PMID- 4040114
TI  - Serum testosterone, male dominance, and aggression in captive groups of vervet
      monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).
AB  - The relationship of serum testosterone concentration to male dominance rank and
      frequency of aggression was investigated in stable vervet monkey social groups,
      each containing two or three adult males, several adult females, and their
      offspring. Dominance relationships were determined by noting an animal's success
      in intermale aggressive encounters. A striking finding was the marked within
      subject variation in testosterone concentration: 5- to 10-fold fluctuations were
      often observed on successive days. When all 15 groups were considered together,
      testosterone concentration was unrelated to dominance rank. Although mean
      testosterone concentration for all dominant males was higher than the mean for
      all subordinate males, this difference was not significant. In a subset of 4
      groups, the rate of aggression initiated was significantly correlated with same
      day testosterone in dominant but not in subordinate males.

PMID- 4040115
TI  - Short-term changes in plasma levels of hormones during establishment and defense
      of a breeding territory in male song sparrows, Melospiza melodia.
AB  - When territorial male song sparrows are captured and removed from their
      territories, previously unmated and nonterritorial males will take over those
      vacant territories within 12-72 hr. Plasma levels of testosterone are elevated in
      these replacement males as well as in their neighbors. Since the latter already
      have territories, it is suggested that the agonistic interactions over territory
      boundaries, or behavioral stimuli from challenging males, rather than ownership
      of a territory per se, stimulates secretion of testosterone. To test this
      hypothesis further, male song sparrows were challenged by experimental simulation
      of a territorial intrusion. This procedure involved placing a caged male song
      sparrow in the center of the subject's territory and playing tape recorded
      conspecific song through an adjacent speaker. Responding males were then captured
      at intervals after onset of the intrusion. Plasma levels of testosterone were
      significantly higher in males exposed to experimental territorial intrusion than
      they were in controls, supporting the hypothesis that behavioral stimuli
      emanating from an intruding male can act as supplementary information stimulating
      secretion of testosterone.

PMID- 4040116
TI  - Harderian letdown in male mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) contributes
      to proceptive behavior.
AB  - Adult female gerbils in estrus, like other female rodents, tend to engage in
      proceptive displays toward conspecific males. The displays, which may be
      interspersed with the more usual female agonistic activity, if the males are
      strangers, are preceded by female olfactory investigation of those head areas in
      the male gerbil where Harderian letdown accumulates most densely. This study
      explored the possibility that the male Harderian glands are a source of olfactory
      signals which promote proceptive behavior but suppress female agonistic behavior.
      Female gerbils in estrus were found to display significantly less than normal
      rates of proceptive behavior toward Harderianectomized males. The proceptive
      activity which was observed appeared to be slowed, but the typical pattern was
      retained. Female aggression, however, was not affected by their estrous condition
      or by the Harderian state of the males. Possibly Harderian letdown in male
      gerbils may inform females as to the reproductive competence of the males.

PMID- 4040117
TI  - Dazoxiben, a prototype inhibitor of thromboxane synthesis, has little toxicity in
      laboratory animals.
AB  - Dazoxiben, an orally active specific inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase, was
      administered by mouth daily to dogs and rats for 6 months. Dogs showed no
      evidence of toxicity up to 300 mg day-1 kg-1, the highest dose level used. Rats
      showed no evidence of toxicity after 100 mg day-1 kg-1, but at 300 mg day-1 kg-1
      there were slight increases in plasma calcium and urea concentrations and a
      moderate incidence of focal nephrosis; males showed a slightly increased platelet
      count. Studies in rats and rabbits at dose levels up to 400 mg day-1 kg-1, by
      mouth, revealed no adverse effects on male or female fertility, embryogenesis,
      parturition or postnatal development. As dazoxiben is well absorbed after oral
      administration, the generally negative outcome to these toxicity studies suggests
      that selective inhibitors of thromboxane synthesis may be largely free of adverse
      effects which might impede their therapeutic or prophylactic use in clinical
      medicine.

PMID- 4040118
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of right ventricular anomalous muscle
      bundle.

PMID- 4040119
TI  - Life-phase specific induction and expression of rapid expulsion in rats suckling
      Trichinella spiralis-infected dams.
AB  - Rat dams infected with 1000 Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae, 4 weeks prior to
      breeding, provided their suckling offspring with immunity to challenge with 200
      muscle larvae at 2 weeks of age. The immunity was expressed in the elimination of
      75-99% of the challenge dose within 24 hr. The intestinal worm burden did not
      decline significantly after the initial expulsion. Infected dams continued to
      protect their offspring during three breeding cycles, for as long as 26 weeks
      after infection. Immunity was conferred upon pups by dams that had been
      selectively immunized with the parenteral phase of the parasite's life cycle.
      Immunization with a drug-terminated enteral infection was ineffective as was
      enteral immunization followed by the parenteral phase. Further analysis revealed
      that rapid expulsion by pups was dependent on the number of mature muscle larvae
      recovered from dams immunized with NBL. By comparison, the expulsive capacity of
      the same dams was not improved by increasing the numbers of NBL within the range
      tested.

PMID- 4040120
TI  - Increases in the numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in lymph nodes
      responding to sperm and other stimuli: possible relationship to
      immunosuppression.
AB  - It has been reported that, in early pregnancy in mice, there is an increase in
      the number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in the lymph nodes which drain the
      uterus. This paper describes the results of further investigations provoked by
      interest in these early changes. Increases in the numbers of immunoglobulin
      secreting cells were observed in syngeneically, but scarcely or not at all in
      allogeneically, mated mice. Increases were not observed in surgically sterilized
      female mice inseminated by normal males. However, subcutaneous injection of sperm
      provoked massive increases in the numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in
      the lymph nodes draining the injection site. The changes were compared with those
      provoked by the injection of spleen cells and LPS. The results are discussed in
      relation to the nature of the interactions provoking the increases in the number
      of immunoglobulin-secreting cells and their possible relationship to
      immunosuppression, and the relative immunological unresponsiveness which the
      female shows to the challenge of inseminated sperm.

PMID- 4040121
TI  - Lung localization of antibody-forming cells stimulated in distant peripheral
      lymph nodes.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that antibody-forming cells (AFC) produced in the
      lung-associated lymph nodes after lung immunization enter the blood and are
      subsequently extravasated into immunized lung lobes. This study evaluated AFC in
      blood and lung lavage fluids following simultaneous stimulation of the thoracic
      and popliteal lymph nodes with two antigenically distinct immunogens. Five dogs
      were immunized in the hind feet with rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) and in the
      left cardiac lung lobe with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The number of anti-SRBC
      and anti-RRBC AFC in the blood and lavage fluids was periodically evaluated. The
      results indicated that both immunizations significantly increased the number of
      AFC in the blood. The number of AFC to RRBC and SRBC antigens was significantly
      higher in the immunized lung lobes than in the control lung lobes. A comparison
      of the number of RRBC and SRBC AFC in the immunized or control lung lobes,
      relative to the number of RRBC and SRBC AFC in the blood, indicated that AFC to
      both antigens entered the lung at the same rate. We conclude that AFC produced in
      distant lymphoid tissues enter the lung from the blood as readily as AFC produced
      after lung immunization.

PMID- 4040122
TI  - Inhibition of cells producing antigen-dependent non-specific immunoglobulins by
      isologous anti-erythrocyte immunoglobulins.
AB  - Mice injected with isologous cellulose-conjugated immunoglobulins containing
      antibodies to sheep red blood cells develop a specific unresponsiveness to the
      homologous antigen. It was shown that such animals demonstrate a sharp decrease
      not only in the number of antibody-forming cells but also in the number of cells
      secreting antigen-dependent non-specific immunoglobulins. The suppression of both
      processes is antigen-specific. It is suggested that the reduced appearance of
      cells forming antigen-dependent non-specific immunoglobulins is due to
      suppression either of hypothetic inductors or precursors of these cells, which
      resemble the precursors of antibody producers in their idiotypes. The presence of
      the common precursors of antibody- and antigen-dependent non-specific
      immunoglobulin-forming cells is an alternative possibility.

PMID- 4040123
TI  - Chronic ethanol consumption, stress, and hypertension.
AB  - A reliable method of producing physical stress in the rat was developed using
      heat irradiation, and the possible interaction between chronic ethanol
      consumption and stress was investigated in a rat model of alcoholism. Chronic
      heat stress and chronic ethanol consumption each produced mild hypertension in
      rats. When combined, the two treatments resulted in hypertension more severe than
      that produced by either stress or ethanol consumption alone. The group of animals
      receiving both treatments also exhibited high mortality. Investigations into the
      mechanisms responsible for the apparent additive effects of the two treatments
      revealed that the animals in this group had the highest circulating
      norepinephrine levels. The plasma volumes, however, were not different between
      the stressed groups and their unstressed counterparts. As the plasma
      norepinephrine level usually reflects overall sympathetic tone of an animal, our
      results suggest that the additional hypertensive effect of chronic stress on the
      ethanol-treated animals is associated with increased sympathetic nervous activity
      and is not a result of expanded plasma volume. These findings may have clinical
      implications for human alcoholics and in the analysis of cardiovascular risk
      factors in hypertensive patients.

PMID- 4040124
TI  - Immunoglobulin-containing cells in normal human labial salivary glands.
AB  - The distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells within 8 normal human labial
      salivary glands was studied using an immunoperoxidase technique. Cell counts
      revealed that IgA-containing cells pre-dominated in all specimens and that the
      mean percentage class ratios for IgG:IgA:IgM:IgD cells were 4:92:3:1. IgE cells
      were rare and only detected in one gland. The density of IgA cells (191 cells/mm2
      of labial gland section) was greater than those previously reported for the
      parotid and submandibular glands. These results support the view that minor
      salivary glands play an important role in the synthesis and secretion of salivary
      antibody.

PMID- 4040125
TI  - In vitro cisplatin effects on phagocyte functions.
AB  - The effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin), a drug used in
      cancer chemotherapy, on the oxidative metabolism, endocytosis, chemotaxis and
      exocytosis of guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes were studied. All these
      functions were negatively influenced, but the same effect (50% inhibition) was
      observed at different drug concentrations (3 X 10(-5) M for chemotaxis, 10(-4) M
      for O2 consumption by FMLP and beta-glucuronidase release, 10(-3) M for O2
      consumption by PMA and for zymosan engulfment). The effects of the drug can be
      explained by its ability to bind to membrane proteins, essentially to -SH groups.

PMID- 4040126
TI  - The progressive nature of subaortic stenosis in congenital heart disease.
AB  - Data derived from serial hemodynamic and angiocardiographic investigations on
      pediatric patients not subjected to intervening intracardiac operations support
      the view that subaortic stenosis in congenital heart disease tends to be a
      progressive disorder. Our data are obtained from two groups of patients. The
      first comprised 22 patients with discrete subaortic stenosis in relative
      isolation. The second was made up of 19 patients with the fibrous or
      fibromuscular forms of discrete subaortic stenosis associated with a
      perimembranous ventricular septal defect. The results from both groups support
      our initial contention. The progressive character of subaortic stenosis in these
      two situations illustrates the dynamic nature of congenital heart disease, and
      the tendency of a changing form and function.

PMID- 4040127
TI  - Horn's operation in the treatment of stress incontinence.

PMID- 4040128
TI  - [Light and electron microscopy of pseudoxanthoma elasticum].
AB  - Five patients with recessive pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE-R) and four with
      dominant transmission of the disease (PXE-D) belonging to the same family were
      studied by light and electron microscopy. In PXE-R, calcification in the elastic
      fibres causes their enlargement, excavation and fragmentation. On the other hand,
      in PXE-D irregularly shaped and unevenly lined elastic strands may form an
      anastomotic wickerwork intimately intermingled with the collagenous texture. In
      other places, elastic bundles seem to be composed of very tiny elements. Both
      aspects represent a dysplasia of the elastic tissue. Independently of the mode of
      inheritance, a variable proportion of enlarged collagen fibrils exhibit a "flower
      like" structure. Additionally, in PXE-D alone a peculiar aggregation of small and
      large collagen fibrils is observed. Granulofilamentous material mixed with tiny
      collagen fibrils is found in both groups of patients. On the basis of our
      observations, PXE-R and PXE-D may be identified by light and electron microscopy.

PMID- 4040129
TI  - [Mycotic mycetoma (eumycetoma) caused by Madurella mycetomi].
AB  - Mycotic mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous and fistulous tropical disease
      caused by hyphomycetes of different families. A case caused by Madurella mycetomi
      is presented and the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities discussed.

PMID- 4040130
TI  - Response of starter pigs to supplementation of corn-soybean meal diets with
      organic acids.
AB  - Four growth experiments were conducted to assess the effects of organic acid
      supplementation on performance of starter and finisher pigs. Three 4-wk starter
      experiments utilized 392 pigs fed simple corn-soybean meal diets. A fourth
      experiment employed 135 finisher pigs in a 6-wk study. Each of the starter
      experiments was initiated immediately after weaning; piglets were 30 +/- 3 d of
      age. In Exp. 1, weanling pigs fed a 19% crude protein, simple corn-soybean meal
      diet were compared with pigs fed similar diets supplemented with 2% propionic,
      fumaric, or citric acid. Addition of each acid improved (P less than .07)
      efficiency of gain, while propionate depressed (P less than .05) feed intake.
      Additions of 1, 2, 3 or 4% fumarate were made in Exp. 2, resulting in linear
      daily gain and feed efficiency improvements (P less than .05). In Exp. 3, a
      possible protein-sparing effect of fumaric acid was investigated. Increasing
      protein levels from 16 to 20% improved daily gain (P less than .01) and feed
      efficiency (P less than .0001); fumarate supplementation (2%) increased (P less
      than .01) gain:feed. However, there was no protein X fumaric acid interaction. In
      Exp. 4, no treatment effects were noted with performance of finisher pigs fed a
      14% crude protein, corn-soybean meal diet was compared with that of pigs fed
      similar diets supplemented with 1.5 or 3% fumaric acid.

PMID- 4040131
TI  - Flow cytometric determination of the proportions of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing
      sperm in samples of purportedly separated bull sperm.
AB  - A rapid assay for determining the proportions of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing
      sperm in semen samples would benefit research aimed at sex ratio control through
      sperm separation. It also would be of value for quality control should a
      separation technique be developed. Flow cytometric methods capable of measuring
      sperm DNA content precisely enough to resolve and quantify the X and Y
      populations in many mammalian species have been developed. They are effective for
      fresh and cryopreserved sperm of most domestic animals. Results are reported of
      flow cytometric analyses of bull sperm samples from seven commercial and academic
      sources after processing with procedures purported to separate the X and Y
      populations. In no case was enrichment of either sperm population observed.
      Breeding trials carried out by the sources of two of the sets of samples showed
      these procedures were ineffective in altering the sex ratio.

PMID- 4040132
TI  - Penetration of aztreonam into human cerebrospinal fluid in the presence of
      meningeal inflammation.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid of aztreonam were measured in 11 patients with meningeal
      inflammation. Two to eight hours after a single 2 gm intravenous dose, CSF
      aztreonam levels ranged from 0.76 to 16.6 mg/l. The mean CSF concentration in
      four patients with viral meningitis was 1.28 mg/l, which was lower than the mean
      concentration of 7.2 mg/l in the five with bacterial, cryptococcal or
      carcinomatous meningitis. Two patients with infected subdural drains were also
      sampled serially and had CSF levels greater than 1 mg/l between 1 and 8 h post
      dose. Penetration of aztreonam into the CSF in the presence of meningeal
      inflammation appears adequate to warrant therapeutic trials in patients infected
      with susceptible organisms.

PMID- 4040133
TI  - In vitro modulation of differentiation by calcium in organ cultures of human and
      murine epithelial tissue.
AB  - The differentiation of epithelial tissue in organ cultures of murine buccal
      mucosa, various human oral mucosa, and human newborn foreskin was found to be
      dependent on the calcium concentration of the culture media. In low calcium
      medium (less than or equal to 0.07 mM) epithelial differentiation was inhibited.
      The original stratifying layers separate and can be removed, producing a
      destratified explant. Histologically such an explant consists of a dorsal
      epithelial layer of basal keratinocytes resting on an intact basal lamina with
      subjacent stroma. At 0.01 mM calcium, the epithelial layer was one to two cells
      thick whereas at 0.07 mM it could be three or more layers in thickness with the
      most superficial cells being spread over the underlying cells. In addition to
      differentiation, keratinocyte migration over the sides of the explant (epiboly)
      and epithelial proliferation as determined by [3H]thymidine autoradiography were
      reduced by culture in low calcium medium. Redifferentiation occurs upon return to
      normal calcium levels (1.8 mM); addition of hydrocortisone to low calcium media
      was found to facilitate this redifferentiation.

PMID- 4040134
TI  - Antigenic polymorphism of the LamB protein among members of the family
      Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - In this study we demonstrate that most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae
      possess a maltose-inducible outer membrane protein homologous to the LamB protein
      of Escherichia coli K-12. These proteins react with polyclonal antibodies raised
      against the LamB protein of E. coli K-12. We compared the antigenic structure of
      the LamB protein in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae with six monoclonal
      antibodies raised against the LamB protein of E. coli K-12. Four of them reacted
      with epitopes located at the outer face of the membrane, and two reacted with
      epitopes located at the inner face of the membrane. A great degree of variability
      was observed for the external epitopes. Even in a single species, such as E.
      coli, an important polymorphism was present. In contrast, the internal epitopes
      were more conserved.

PMID- 4040135
TI  - The electrochemical H+ gradient in the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis.
AB  - The electrochemical gradient of protons, delta mu H+, was estimated in the
      obligatory aerobic yeast Rhodotorula glutinis in the pH0 range from 3 to 8.5. The
      membrane potential, delta psi, was measured by steady-state distribution of the
      hydrophobic ions, tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) for negative delta psi above pH0
      4.5, and thiocyanate (SCN-) for positive delta psi below pH0 4.5. The chemical
      gradient of H+ was determined by measuring the chemical shift of intracellular Pi
      by 31P-NMR at given pH0 values. The values of pHi increased almost linearly from
      7.3 at pH0 3 to 7.8 at pH0 8.5. In the physiological pH0 range from 3.5 to 6,
      delta mu H+ was fairly constant at values between 17-18 KJ mol-1, gradually
      decreasing at pH0 above 6. In deenergized cells, the intracellular pHi decreased
      to values as low as 6, regardless of whether the cell suspension was buffered at
      pH0 4.5 or 7.5. There was no membrane potential detectable in deenergized cells.

PMID- 4040136
TI  - Cytoplasmic motions, rheology, and structure probed by a novel magnetic particle
      method.
AB  - The motions of magnetic particles contained within organelles of living cells
      were followed by measuring magnetic fields generated by the particles. The
      alignment of particles was sensed magnetometrically and was manipulated by
      external fields, allowing non-invasive detection of particle motion as well as
      examination of cytoplasmic viscoelasticity. Motility and rheology data are
      presented for pulmonary macrophages isolated from lungs of hamsters 1 d after the
      animals had breathed airborne gamma-Fe2O3 particles. The magnetic directions of
      particles within phagosomes and secondary lysosomes were aligned, and the weak
      magnetic field produced by the particles was recorded. For dead cells, this
      remanent field was constant, but for viable macrophages, the remanent field
      decreased rapidly so that only 42% of its initial magnitude remained 5 min after
      alignment. A twisting field was applied perpendicular to the direction of
      alignment and the rate at which particles reoriented to this new direction was
      followed. The same twisting was repeated for particles suspended in a series of
      viscosity standards. Based on this approach, the low-shear apparent intracellular
      viscosity was estimated to be 1.2-2.7 X 10(3) Pa.s (1.2-2.7 X 10(4) poise). Time
      lapse video microscopy confirmed the alignment of ingested particles upon
      magnetization and showed persistent cellular motility during randomization of
      alignment. Cytochalasin D and low temperature both reduced cytoplasmic activity
      and remanent-field decay, but affected rheology differently. Magnetic particles
      were observed in association with the microtubule organizing center by
      immunofluorescence microscopy; magnetization did not affect microtubule
      distribution. However, both vimentin intermediate filaments and f-actin
      reorganized after magnetization. These data demonstrate that magnetometry of
      isolated phagocytic cells can probe organelle movements, rheology, and physical
      properties of the cytoskeleton in living cells.

PMID- 4040137
TI  - Evidence for an involvement of actin in the positioning and motility of
      centrosomes.
AB  - Cultured human polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed to the tumor promoter 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) spread on the substratum and undergo
      centrosome splitting. The two centrioles may separate by a distance of several
      micrometers, each being surrounded by an aster of microtubules. Here we show that
      the centriole/aster complexes are in constant, rapid motion through the
      cytoplasm, carrying with them some of the cytoplasmic granules while pushing
      aside others, or deforming and displacing the nucleus. An analysis of this unique
      motility phenomenon was undertaken. We show that intact microtubules are required
      for TPA-induced centrosome splitting and aster motility, but not for cell
      spreading. More importantly, disruption of the actin network inhibits both
      centrosome splitting and cell spreading, and even reverses splitting (induces
      convergence and fusion of asters) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes pretreated with
      TPA alone. These observations indicate the existence of a dynamic relationship
      between microtubules and actin networks and provide evidence for a role of actin
      in determining the position of the centrosome by way of interaction with the
      microtubules radiating from it.

PMID- 4040138
TI  - Efficient detection of intermediate filament proteins using a panspecific
      monoclonal antibody: anti-IFA.
AB  - Anti-IFA, a panspecific monoclonal antibody which was raised against human glial
      fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), recognizes a determinant common to GFAP and all
      other intermediate filament proteins. This antibody can be used to identify
      intermediate filament proteins from both vertebrate and invertebrate tissues. Its
      utility in immunoblot studies of intermediate filament proteins is enhanced by
      using cytoskeleton extracts and protease treatment to facilitate the transfer of
      high molecular weight (greater than 70 000) proteins from gels to nitrocellulose
      membranes.

PMID- 4040139
TI  - Dynamic subaortic obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: analysis by pulsed
      Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - To determine whether true obstruction to left ventricular ejection exists in
      patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a subaortic gradient, pulsed
      Doppler echocardiography was used to analyze the patterns of left ventricular
      emptying in 50 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (20 with and 30 without
      evidence of obstruction) and in 20 normal subjects. In obstructive hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy, left ventricular ejection was characterized by early and rapid
      emptying (76 +/- 14% of aortic flow velocity in the initial one-third of
      systole). The proportion of forward flow velocity occurring before initial mitral
      septal contact (and hence, by inference before the onset of the subaortic
      gradient) was variable, but averaged 58%. In contrast, the proportion of forward
      flow velocity occurring after mitral-septal contact (and, therefore, concomitant
      with the gradient and increased intraventricular pressure) was considerable,
      averaging over 40%. Mid-systolic impedance to left ventricular outflow was
      suggested by the rapid deceleration in aortic flow velocity concomitant with
      mitral-septal contact and premature partial aortic valve closure. Furthermore,
      left ventricular ejection was prolonged (384 +/- 40 ms) and the ventricle
      continued to empty and shorten during the period when both the pressure gradient
      and markedly increased intraventricular pressures were present. In 16 of 20
      patients, a relatively small second peak in flow velocity appeared in late
      systole. Since marked systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve was still
      present, the late systolic portion of forward flow velocity also appeared to be
      largely ejected during imposition of a mechanical impediment to outflow. In
      contrast, patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy showed no
      evidence of impedance to left ventricular ejection. Aortic flow velocity
      waveforms were similar to those of normal subjects, with flow persisting to
      aortic valve closure; significant mitral systolic anterior motion and partial mid
      systolic aortic valve closure were absent, and the systolic ejection period was
      normal (303 +/- 27 ms).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4040140
TI  - The mechanism of Ptychodiscus brevis toxin-induced rat vas deferens contraction.
AB  - Ptychodiscus brevis, which causes Florida red tide, produces Ptychodiscus brevis
      toxin (PBTX) known to contain neurotoxins and to induce rhinorrhea, tearing, and
      cough in normal humans and wheezing in asthmatic subjects. It was previously
      reported (J Allergy Clin Immunol 69:418, 1982; 73:824, 1984) that PBTX causes
      canine tracheal smooth muscle contraction via stimulation of sodium channels in
      the axons of parasympathetic postganglionic nerves and the release of
      acetylcholine from these nerve endings. This was postulated to be an asthma
      triggering mechanism. In this article the toxins were evaluated to determine if
      they also stimulate sodium channels on adrenergic nerve endings and release
      norepinephrine. Rat vas deferens was selected as the experimental tissue. Both
      PBTX and norepinephrine contracted rat vas deferens. Prazosin 10(-6) mol/L
      blocked the response to PBTX (3 micrograms/ml) (88.3% to 27.3% contraction [n =
      6; p less than 0.001]) and the response to norepinephrine (EC50 was shifted from
      1.67 X 10(-6) mol/L to 1.25 X 10(-4) mol/L in the presence of prazosin 10(-6)
      mol/L [n = 6; p less than 0.001]). Phentolamine 10(-6) mol/L also blocked both
      PBTX and norepinephrine. Tetrodotoxin 10(-7) mol/L, a sodium channel blocker,
      completely blocked the response to PBTX but not to norepinephrine. The response
      to PBTX was significantly reduced from 1.53 gm of tension in controls to 0.29 gm
      of tension (n = 6; p = 0.002) in tissues obtained from rats pretreated with
      reserpine (2 mg/kg per day for 2 days, injected intraperitoneally). Verapamil 10(
      5) mol/L blocked the PBTX response, and PBTX caused no contraction in calcium
      free media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040141
TI  - [Retinal detachment: temporary internal tamponade with silicone oil after
      vitrectomy. Anatomic and functional results].
AB  - Forty-seven patients with retinal detachment treated by vitrectomy and silicone
      oil injection benefited from semi-premature ablation of the oil: after a mean of
      5 months for supple retinal detachments and 6 1/2 months for those associated
      with vitreoretinal proliferation. Ablation was performed after obtaining a solid
      chorioretinal scar by cryopexy or endodiathermy, usually combined with laser
      panphotocoagulation. The technique used for ablation is described. After follow
      up for from 9 months to 3 1/2 years (mean 18 months) two-thirds of the patients
      had flat retinas. Recurrences developed usually during the first month. An
      explanation for these relapses is proposed.

PMID- 4040142
TI  - [Acute necrotizing retinitis. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases of acute retinal necrosis are reported, the etiology of this affection
      being priorly defined. The lesions were bilateral in the first case, and retinal
      detachment developed: the first eye was inoperable, and surgery was unsuccessful
      for the second eye in spite of a salvage vitrectomy after a classical operation.
      We therefore treated the second case with immediate and massive corticotherapy,
      and, mainly, preventive total vitrectomy as soon as the first signs of vitreous
      retraction appeared and before the occurrence of retinal detachment. This
      preventive vitrectomy, not previously described to our knowledge, seems to
      provide favorable results.

PMID- 4040143
TI  - [Evolution of plasma levels of SHBG (sex-hormone binding globulin) during
      ovulation induction using gonadotrophins].
AB  - The plasma levels of proteins bound to steroids come under the influence of the
      levels of estrogens. This is why we have studied the changes in plasma SHBG in
      sterile women who were being treated by gonadotropins (HMG-HCG). The plasma level
      of SHBG was worked out using Laurell's electroimmunoassay technique with an
      autoradiographic display using estradiol labeled with I.125. It only takes 48
      hours contact with radio films. Out of 12 patients 9 responded to the treatment
      as demonstrated by the plasma levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P). We
      have found that in these women there was a rise in plasma SHBG which was
      significant from the 7th day of the treatment onwards (3.7 +/- 1.7 mg/l as
      against 5.9 +/- 2.6 mg/l, p less than 0.01) and this reached nearly twice the
      base level when E2 reached its maximum level (6.4 +/- 2.7 mg/l). When treatment
      was stopped the plasma level of SHBG dropped to that of the follicular phase, but
      it was out of step with the plasma E2 levels. The index of free E2 as compared
      with E2/TEBG showed a close superimposition when compared with the levels of E2
      obtained using a radioimmunological method. This fact reinforces the value of
      plasma E2 as the way of monitoring the effect of induction of ovulation. Our
      overall conclusion is that a marked and rapid change in the level of plasma E2
      directly influences the level of plasma SHBG. The consequences for treatment are
      that it is important to respect as far as possible the physiological conditions
      that are present when induction of ovulation is undertaken.

PMID- 4040144
TI  - [Small oscillations in fetal cardiac rhythm: a sign of well-being? A new approach
      to the diagnostic value of spontaneous recordings of fetal cardiac rhythm in
      pregnancy].
AB  - The authors suggest an indirect evaluation of the electrocortical activity of the
      fetus by looking at evidence of cyclical variations in fetal cardiac rhythm.
      These are shown up by periodic changes in the variability of the rhythm. The
      narrow association that has been established between small changes in episodes of
      cardiac rhythm and deep sleep--which is itself evidence of satisfactory cortical
      development--make this type of tracing, under certain conditions, an excellent
      sign of fetal wellbeing. This means that the value of small variabilities in
      fetal heart rhythm takes on greater importance as a prognostic feature.

PMID- 4040145
TI  - Effects of specific antibodies, hormones, and lipoproteins on bacterial
      lipopolysaccharides injected into the rat.
AB  - When gram-negative lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are injected intravenously into
      experimental animals, approximately one-third of the LPS bind to high-density
      lipoproteins (HDL) in the plasma and are slowly taken up into tissues by HDL
      mediated mechanisms. Molecules of LPS in the plasma that do not bind to HDL are
      taken up more rapidly by tissues that are rich in phagocytic cells (e.g., liver,
      spleen). In these experiments we evaluated the effects of several potential host
      factors on the binding of LPS to HDL and on the tissue uptake of LPS injected
      intravenously into rats. Antibodies to LPS inhibited LPS binding to HDL and
      increased the uptake of the injected LPS (as well as the LPS in preformed LPS-HDL
      complexes) by the liver and spleen. High levels of circulating HDL decreased the
      uptake of injected LPS and LPS-HDL complexes by the adrenal gland, presumably by
      occupying tissue receptors for HDL. Pretreating rats with dexamethasone
      unexpectedly decreased the uptake of injected LPS-HDL complexes by the adrenal
      gland and increased uptake of LPS by the gland, a result suggesting that this
      drug has opposing effects on the uptake of HDL-bound and -unbound LPS by the
      adrenal gland. The host factors studied appear to influence the fate of injected
      LPS by acting at different sites: IgG antibody to LPS blocks the binding of LPS
      to HDL in the plasma, whereas all of the factors studied have effects that
      modulate the uptake of LPS or LPS-HDL complexes or both by the cells of specific
      tissues.

PMID- 4040146
TI  - Chromosomal aberrations in muntjac cells resulting from exposure to interferon.
AB  - Cells of the Indian deer (Muntiacus muntjac) are sensitive to the antiviral and
      antiproliferative action of human beta-interferon (beta-IFN). Because of their
      low diploid chromosome number and readily identifiable chromosomes, they provide
      a convenient model system in which to test for the ability of IFN treatment to
      result in chromosome abnormalities. Increases in the frequencies of chromosome
      gaps and breaks have been observed after 72 h of treatment with IFN at a
      concentration of 100 U/ml. At IFN concentrations of 10-100 U/ml, there is a
      higher proportion of aberrations in the X chromosome than would be expected in a
      random distribution. At 1,000-1,700 U/ml IFN, there is an increase in the
      proportion of cells with multiple abnormalities over that observed at 0-100 U/ml
      IFN, and the distribution of aberrations appears to be random.

PMID- 4040147
TI  - Long-term ventilation of the middle ear using the Goode T-tube.

PMID- 4040148
TI  - Psychosexual factors in infertility.

PMID- 4040149
TI  - Plant tRNA genes: putative soybean genes for tRNAasp and tRNAmet.
AB  - We have identified cloned fragments of the soybean genome that hybridize to total
      soybean tRNA. Five of these clones, chosen at random, have unique patterns of
      restriction endonuclease sites and contain only a small region that is homologous
      to tRNA (less than 1 kb of 10-12 kb cloned). Two of the hybridizing fragments
      were subcloned and regions of about 600 bp including the homologies were
      sequenced. Each region contains a single putative tRNA gene, for tRNAasp or
      tRNAmet, surrounded by DNA rich in AT basepairs (68-82%). Neither sequence
      encodes the amino acid-accepting -CCA terminus. The tRNAasp gene does not contain
      any intervening sequences, but the tRNAmet gene has an 11-bp sequence in the
      anticodon loop that would not be expected in the mature tRNA. There appear to be
      a small number of sequences within the soybean genome that share homology with
      each of the regions containing a putative tRNA gene.

PMID- 4040150
TI  - Mortality from congenital malformations by mother's country of birth.
AB  - Mortality from congenital malformations by mother's country of birth was examined
      in England and Wales between the years 1976 and 1980, based on stillbirths and
      infant deaths. There were 18 870 stillbirths and infant deaths attributed to
      congenital malformations in this period, of which 2 375 (13%) were to mothers
      born outside the United Kingdom. There were excess deaths from malformations
      among Pakistani, Indian/Bangladeshi, African, and Irish mothers. In contrast,
      West Indian mothers had a consistent deficit in deaths from malformations over
      the study period. The significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 4040151
TI  - Pregnancy and its outcome among hospital personnel according to occupation and
      working conditions.
AB  - Relationships between occupation, working conditions, and the development and
      outcome of pregnancy were analysed on a sample of women employed in hospital
      during their pregnancy. Ancillary staff members experienced more uterine
      contractions during pregnancy, more preterm deliveries, and more low birthweight
      infants than those performing other duties; this remained true after adjusting
      for social characteristics. The rate of preterm delivery was significantly higher
      in the presence of at least two of the following arduous working conditions:
      stand-up work, carrying heavy loads (exclusive of patients), and heavy cleaning
      tasks; this was so, whatever the occupation.

PMID- 4040152
TI  - Comparison of birthweight and infant mortality between Singapore and England and
      Wales, 1980.
AB  - For 1980 Singapore was found to have overall a more favourable birthweight
      distribution than England and Wales. The proportion of very low birthweight
      babies (less than 1500 g) and heavy babies (3500 g and over) was 0.4% and 18.5%
      in Singapore and 0.7% and 34.9% in England and Wales for live births, and 0.6%
      and 18.5% against 0.9% and 34.7% for total births. However, for low birthweight
      (less than 2500 g) Singapore with 7.5% in live births and 7.9% in total births
      had higher rates than England and Wales (6.7% and 7.2%). While infant mortality
      rates were very similar, Singapore had a somewhat higher neonatal mortality rate
      but a considerably lower postneonatal mortality rate than England and Wales. The
      effects on mortality of standardising for birthweight are examined. The problems
      of interpretation and the implications of the findings are discussed.

PMID- 4040153
TI  - Hidden autoantibodies against common serum proteins in murine systemic lupus
      erythematosus. Detection by in vitro plaque-forming cell assay.
AB  - The autoantibodies found in human and murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      are generally directed against cells or components of cells such as nuclear
      antigens. This predilection may be due to the unusual immunogenicity of certain
      autoantigens, or to unusual patterns of antibody crossreactivity. Alternatively,
      the observed spectrum of reactivities may reflect the in vivo absorption of those
      autoantibodies directed against soluble antigens. To test whether hitherto
      undetected autoantibodies against serum proteins might exist in murine SLE, we
      developed assays that were independent of the possibility of absorption of
      autoantibodies by serum autoantigens; large numbers of plaque-forming cells (PFC)
      directed against mouse albumin and mouse transferrin were easily detected in the
      spleens of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr, BXSB, and NZB mice. The secreted antibodies were
      relatively specific for the mouse proteins, since only limited cross-reactivity
      was seen with albumin and transferrins of other species in inhibition
      experiments. The production of these hidden antibodies could not be the result of
      diffuse polyclonal B cell activation, since the PFC to mouse transferrins and
      albumin were not always accompanied by comparable numbers of PFC against related
      albumins and transferrins. The results indicate that autoantibody production in
      murine lupus is a generalized phenomenon, not limited to the production of
      autoantibodies to nuclear or other cell-bound antibodies. However, the relative
      specificity of the autoantibodies for self-antigens indicates that diffuse
      polyclonal B cell activation cannot be the mechanism responsible, and argues that
      a selective mechanism, probably driven by antigen, accounts for production of
      autoantibodies in SLE.

PMID- 4040154
TI  - Antibacterial sesquiterpene aryl esters from Armillaria mellea.
AB  - Investigation of the mycelial extract of Armillaria mellea led to the isolation
      of the known melleolide (2a) and two new sesquiterpene aryl eters, 4-O
      methylmelleolide (2b) and judeol (1c). Their structures were deduced from
      spectral data and that of (2b) confirmed by X-ray analysis. The new esters (1c)
      and (2b) showed strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria.

PMID- 4040155
TI  - Induction of neurofibrillary tangles in cultured mouse neurons by maytanprine.
AB  - Neurofibrillary (neurofilament) tangles were induced in cultured neurons of
      newborn mouse dorsal root ganglia by exposure to maytanprine, an anti-microtubule
      drug. By 12-24 h of treatment, small short neurofilament bundles were found in
      the neuronal perikarya and proximal portions of the neurites. By 48-72 h of
      treatment, small neurofilament bundles were assembled into larger masses, and
      after 72 h and onward several neurofilament bundles coalesced into single large
      distinctive perinuclear rings in the neuronal perikarya. A histometric analysis
      of maytanprine treated axons demonstrated that the density of microtubules
      decreased rapidly, while that of neurofilaments decreased more slowly. As a
      result of microtubule depolymerization by maytanprine treatment, neurofilaments
      change their distribution pattern in neuronal perikarya and subsequently form
      tangles.

PMID- 4040156
TI  - Morphologic effects of ammonia on primary astrocyte cultures. II. Electron
      microscopic studies.
AB  - Light microscopic studies of primary astrocyte cultures following exposure to
      ammonia have shown several alterations. To determine the nature and significance
      of these changes, electron microscopic studies were performed. Ultrastructural
      changes consisted of proliferation, pleomorphism and swelling of mitochondria,
      condensation of the mitochondrial matrix, cytoplasmic lucency and vacuolization,
      disaggregation of polyribosomal clusters, an initial increase followed by
      degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum, an accumulation of dense bodies and a loss of intermediate glial
      filaments. The early alterations appeared reactive and perhaps reflected ammonia
      detoxification. Some changes were degenerative and support the view that ammonia
      exerts a direct toxic effect on astrocytes. It is postulated that these changes
      may interfere with critical astroglial functions and thereby play a key role in
      the neurologic dysfunction seen in hyperammonemia.

PMID- 4040157
TI  - Fine structure of anterior horns in patients without amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic study of the anterior horns in nine patients
      without amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disclosed several features usually
      described in ALS. Central chromatolysis and spheroids with fine structure
      identical to that seen in ALS were observed in three cases. Rare honeycomb-like
      structures, dense filamentous aggregates, dense granular deposits, stubby
      mitochondria and membrane-bound aggregates of spherical and tubular particles
      were also observed. No typical Bunina bodies or focal argyrophilia of the
      chromatolytic neurons were found.

PMID- 4040158
TI  - Lorazepam in cancer patients treated with cisplatin: a drug having antiemetic,
      amnesic, and anxiolytic effects.
AB  - There currently is no pharmacologic approach to the problem of anticipatory
      nausea and vomiting (ANV). Lorazepam (Ativan, Wyeth Laboratories, Philadelphia)
      is an interesting candidate drug if it could block the recall of the unpleasant
      events associated with chemotherapy, especially if it also has antiemetic
      properties. Since ANV is a conditioned (learned) response, it may well depend on
      a memory imprint of the stimulus. This pilot study was designed to use
      intravenous lorazepam given before and after cisplatin infusion in 32 patients,
      and to make detailed measurements of nausea, vomiting, recent memory, anxiety,
      and sedation as well as toxicity. Satisfactory responses occurred in about 70%,
      as rated separately both by investigator and patient. Forty-six percent did not
      even recall receiving chemotherapy, regardless of whether or not they vomited;
      80% had no significant anxiety after chemotherapy. Adverse reactions included
      some cases of perceptual disturbance, urinary incontinence, diarrhea,
      hypotension, and one case of severe transient amnesia. No long-term adverse
      effects were noted.

PMID- 4040159
TI  - Spatial distribution of retinol-binding protein and retinyl palmitate hydrolase
      activity in normal and vitamin A-deficient rat liver.
AB  - A study was conducted to explore the spatial distribution within rat liver of two
      proteins importantly involved in retinoid metabolism in liver, namely, retinol
      binding protein (RBP) and the enzyme retinyl palmitate hydrolase (RPH). The study
      was conducted with both vitamin A-sufficient (control) and vitamin A-deficient
      rats. Livers were carefully and reproducibly dissected into 11 sections each, and
      RBP levels and RPH activities were measured for each section homogenate. Both RBP
      and RPH activity displayed highly significant spatial heterogeneity in their
      distributions in liver. For control rats, the mean level of RBP was 39.0
      micrograms/g wet weight, with a section-to-section variation of 14.5. For
      deficient rats, the corresponding RBP mean and variation values were 283 and 56
      micrograms/g wet weight. For RPH, the mean level was 136 pmol free fatty acids
      (FFA) formed/(min X mg) with a section-to-section variation of 178. Both
      inspection of the data and analysis of variance indicated that this significant
      section-to-section variation (spatial heterogeneity) did not follow a consistent
      anatomic pattern from rat to rat. Thus, no one specific anatomic location in the
      liver was consistently high or low with regard to either RBP or RPH. Since the
      spatial distributions of both RBP and RPH activity did not follow a consistent
      anatomic pattern, it is not possible to obtain an accurate measure of the total
      liver levels for either parameter in a homogenate made from a small section.
      Finally, the patterns of distribution of RBP and RPH activity observed in the
      liver sections from both vitamin A-sufficient and deficient rats were not
      significantly correlated, either directly or inversely, as determined by chi
      square analysis. Thus, RBP and RPH activity levels vary independently of each
      other in their heterogeneous anatomic distributions in rat liver.

PMID- 4040160
TI  - [Long-term result of grommets in children with secretory otitis media].

PMID- 4040161
TI  - [Evaluation of eustachian tubal functions in patients with otitis media with
      effusion].

PMID- 4040162
TI  - Steroid therapy of neonatal ITP.

PMID- 4040163
TI  - Low levels of sex hormone--binding globulin in obese children.

PMID- 4040164
TI  - Bovine thelaziasis in Iowa.
AB  - The prevalence of developing Thelazia nematodes in face flies (Musca autumnalis)
      was studied for 7 yr at a beef farm in central Iowa. Juvenile nematodes were not
      found among flies in reproductive diapause in autumn, nor among nulliparous,
      overwintered flies in spring, but only among actively reproducing insects. Thus
      Thelazia probably do not overwinter in face flies. A mean prevalence of 2.0%
      infected was recorded among flies in 7 fly breeding seasons. No heterogeneity in
      Thelazia prevalence was detected within fly breeding seasons. The frequency
      distribution of Thelazia among face flies by year of occurrence was homogeneous,
      with a mean of 2.75 larval nematodes per infected fly. Thelazia gulosa and T.
      skrjabini were recovered in necropsy from the eyes of bovines from central Iowa.
      Prevalence among fat cattle 18-27 mo old was 15%; among cows 3-15 yr old,
      prevalence was only 3%. Thelazia skrjabini was found in 29 eyes and T. gulosa in
      4 eyes. Infections were randomly distributed among the eyes of subject cattle.
      The mean worm burden was 2.3 T. skrjabini and 12 T. gulosa per infected eye.
      Thelaziasis is clearly enzootic in Iowa.

PMID- 4040165
TI  - In vitro transformation of Schistosoma japonicum miracidia to young sporocysts in
      a culture system for egg maturation.

PMID- 4040166
TI  - Temperature-induced separation of larvae of Uncinaria stenocephala from a mixed
      fecal culture containing Ancylostoma caninum.

PMID- 4040167
TI  - Hydrops fetalis associated with midgut volvulus.

PMID- 4040168
TI  - [Effect of phosphate and inhibitors of protein synthesis on the growth and
      tentoxin production of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler].
AB  - The synthesis of a phytotoxic substance, tentoxin, by Alternaria alternata (Fr.)
      Keissler is negatively controlled by inorganic phosphate. We show here that the
      influence of phosphate on the production of this secondary metabolite is time
      dependent. By using inhibitors of protein synthesis (p-fluorphenylalanine,
      cycloheximide) together with a resuspension technique, attempts were made to find
      out when the enzymes responsible for tentoxin synthesis are formed.

PMID- 4040169
TI  - Effect of chronic methadone administration on neuroendocrine function in young
      adult rats.
AB  - This study reports the endocrine effects of chronic methadone (METH)
      administration. Two treatment regimens were tested: a constant (5 mg/kg/day, CD)
      or increasing dose (5 mg/kg twice daily, increasing 1 mg/kg/day, ID). Basal
      hormone levels and endocrine responses to opiate challenge were determined on
      days 5, 10 and 20 and after withdrawal. METH effects on hormone secretion varied
      with treatment duration, dose and hormone. Tolerance to METH effects on
      corticosterone (CS), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating
      hormone (TSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) developed during the ID regimen and
      basal CS, TSH and LH levels were altered. In addition, serum testosterone, T3 and
      T4 decreased significantly during this regimen. In contrast, only CS secretion
      was affected markedly by the CD regimen. Resting levels were elevated by day 5
      and the CS response to acute METH challenge was reversed. Tolerance also
      developed to METH-induced TSH suppression, but only with longer treatment.
      Similarly, basal TSH and LH levels were affected only with longer treatment.
      Basal PRL, GH and LH levels and LH, PRL and GH responses to acute METH challenge
      were not affected by the CD regimen. Changes in basal CS and TSH levels observed
      in these studies probably reflect abstinence, as even more pronounced changes
      occurred after naloxone-precipitated abstinence and suppressed rather than
      reversed responses were observed if animals were withdrawn for 36 hr before
      testing. Tolerance in some endocrine systems appears to be quite long-lasting, as
      CS, TSH and PRL responses to METH challenge were still decreased 3 weeks after
      withdrawal from the ID regimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040170
TI  - Species of the coccidian genus Alveocystis.
AB  - Publications on the coccidia of certain invertebrates are reviewed and two new
      taxonomic-nomenclatural combinations are introduced: Alveocystis macrocoronata
      (Luling, 1942) n. comb., in hosts Priapulus caudatus and Halicryptus spinulosus
      (Priapuloidea); and A. gugleri (Wacha, 1981) n. comb., in Triodopsis albolabris
      (Mollusca).

PMID- 4040171
TI  - Comparison of the radiosensitivity of dry dormant eggs, gemmules, and statoblasts
      of three invertebrate forms.

PMID- 4040172
TI  - Seckel syndrome: an overdiagnosed syndrome.
AB  - Five children in whom a diagnosis of Seckel syndrome had previously been made
      were re-examined in the genetic unit. One child had classical Seckel syndrome, a
      sib pair had the features of the syndrome with less severe short stature, and in
      two children the diagnosis was not confirmed. Seckel syndrome is only one of a
      group of low birth weight microcephalic dwarfism and careful attention should be
      paid to fulfillment of the major criteria defined by Seckel before the diagnosis
      is made. There remains a heterogeneous group of low birth weight microcephalic
      dwarfism yet to be defined.

PMID- 4040173
TI  - Phenotypic delineation of ring chromosome 15 and Russell-Silver syndromes.
AB  - A male child with features of the Russell-Silver syndrome, including pre- and
      postnatal growth delay, triangular facies, bilateral fifth finger clinodactyly,
      and disproportionate lower extremities, was found to have a ring chromosome 15 in
      all peripheral leucocytes examined. Review of the reported cases of ring
      chromosome 15 defines a malformation syndrome with a characteristic facies
      related to deletion of the 15q26.2----qter region. Russell-Silver and ring 15
      syndromes share clinical features such as growth deficiency, triangular facies,
      digital anomalies, and cafe-au-lait spots. Microcephaly, mental retardation,
      facial dysmorphology, limb anomalies, and cardiac defects are more striking in
      ring chromosome 15 patients and are indications for karyotyping when found in
      conjunction with the Russell-Silver phenotype.

PMID- 4040174
TI  - Medical students' opinions on economic aspects of the health care system.
AB  - Responses of 423 freshmen and 410 seniors at Jefferson Medical College in 1980-81
      and 1982-83 to 15 questions on economic aspects of the health care system were
      compared. A majority of the students considered the cost of medical care, the
      cost of medical education, malpractice claims, and the failure of individuals to
      assume responsibility for their health to be major problems. A majority of the
      seniors also considered excessive government influence on the financing of
      medical care a major problem. More freshmen than seniors favored national health
      insurance and health maintenance organizations. More seniors than freshmen
      supported the professional standards review organization concept and action to
      discourage increases in the supply of physicians. Concern about the number of
      physicians entering the profession increased among seniors between 1981 and 1983.
      The data suggest that at graduation the students were more concerned about the
      position of physicians but might not be more informed about important aspects of
      the functioning of the health care system than they were at entry.

PMID- 4040175
TI  - Isolation and characterization of an alphoid centromeric repeat family from the
      human Y chromosome.
AB  - A collection of human Y-derived cosmid clones was screened with a plasmid insert
      containing a member of the human X chromosome alphoid repeat family, DXZ1. Two
      positive cosmids were isolated and the repeats they contained were investigated
      by Southern blotting, in situ hybridization and sequence analysis. On
      hybridization to human genomic DNAs, the expected cross-hybridization
      characteristic of all alphoid sequences was seen and, in addition, a 5500 base
      EcoRI fragment was found to be characteristic of a Y-specific alphoid repeat.
      Dosage experiments demonstrated that there are about 100 copies of this 5500 base
      EcoRI alphoid fragment on the Y chromosome. Studies utilizing DNA from human
      mouse hybrids containing only portions of the Y chromosome and in situ
      hybridizations to chromosome spreads demonstrated the Y centromeric localization
      of the 5500 base repeat. Cross-hybridization to autosomes 13, 14 and 15 was also
      seen; however, these chromosomes lacked detectable copies of the 5500 base EcoRI
      repeat sequence arrangement. Sequence analysis of portions of the Y repeat and
      portions of the DXZ1 repeat demonstrated about 70% homology to each other and of
      each to the human consensus alphoid sequence. The 5500 base EcoRI fragment was
      not seen in gorilla, orangutan or chimpanzee male DNA.

PMID- 4040176
TI  - Postnatal taurine deficiency in the kitten results in a persistence of the
      cerebellar external granule cell layer: correction by taurine feeding.
AB  - Dietary deprivation of taurine in pregnant cats from approximately 1 week prior
      to giving birth is sufficient to reduce substantially the taurine concentration
      in feline milk but does not result in any abnormalities in kittens at birth.
      Kittens nursing on this low taurine milk have a lower growth rate than normal,
      have lower tissue taurine concentrations, and 8 weeks after birth have a
      persistence of cells in the cerebellar external granule cell layer. Mitotic
      figures are present also, indicating that cell division is occurring still, an
      event which normally is completed 3-4 weeks after birth. Daily oral
      supplementation with 40 mumoles taurine increases the growth rate almost to the
      level of normally nurtured kittens and results in normal tissue taurine
      concentrations and apparently normal migration of cells in the cerebellum. These
      findings indicate that nutritional taurine supplied in the milk is involved in
      the normal ontogeny of the cerebellum and that a taurine deficiency at this stage
      of development results in a maturational delay.

PMID- 4040177
TI  - The echocardiographic diagnosis of multiple fetal cardiac tumors.

PMID- 4040178
TI  - Horseshoe kidney in one of identical twin girls.
AB  - We report on a 5-month-old female twin who presented with urinary tract infection
      and was found to have a horseshoe kidney. Her identical twin had a normal renal
      anatomy. There have been only 2 other reports of a horseshoe kidney in
      monozygotic twins: in 1 instance both twins were affected, while in the other
      there was discordance.

PMID- 4040179
TI  - Development of nongerm cell malignancies in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.
AB  - We report 2 cases of sarcomatous transformation of mixed germ cell tumors of the
      testis. Both patients received cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy.
      Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and spindle cell sarcoma were the
      dominant pathological patterns in the metastatic sites. Nongerm cell malignancies
      in mixed germ cell tumors following chemotherapy may be more common than
      previously described.

PMID- 4040180
TI  - Re: Vesicourethral motility following acute spinal cord transection in the cat.

PMID- 4040181
TI  - Dynamic shape of the female urethra during micturition. Clinical methods.
AB  - Densitometry of the x-ray image provides a suitable technique for clinical
      quantification of the urethral shape during all stages of voiding. The technique
      of cystourethrographic densitometry is applied to determine the cross-sectional
      shape of the human female urethra during various phases of voiding. Errors that
      may occur because the x-rays are not perpendicularly incident to the urethral
      plane are considered and a method for their minimization is indicated.

PMID- 4040182
TI  - Number and size of myocytes, amount of interstitial space and extent of disarray
      of the hearts in patients with systemic hypertension and asymmetric septal
      hypertrophy.
AB  - Wall thickness, the extent of disarray, the number and the size of myocytes and
      the amount of interstitial space were measured in the ventricular septum (VS) and
      left ventricular (LV) free wall in hearts of 6 patients with chronic systemic
      hypertension and asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH). Twenty-five subjects (15
      with no cardiac disease, and 10 with systemic hypertension) without ASH served as
      the controls. In the six patients with ASH, the degree of ASH ranged from 1.3 to
      1.6. The extent of disarray in VS was 20% in one heart and within normal limits
      (mean +/- SD = 3 +/- 3%) in the other 5. The size of myocytes increased both in
      the VS and LV free wall and the VS/LV ratio ranged from 0.9 to 1.0. There was no
      significant difference in the % area of interstitial space between hearts with
      ASH and controls, and the VS/LV ratio ranged from 0.9 to 1.1. The number of
      transmural muscle layers (number of myocytes) was 680 +/- 90 in the VS and 440 +/
      40 in the LV free wall of these with ASH, and 500 +/- 60 in the VS and 490 +/-
      60 in the LV free wall of control subjects. The VS/LV ratio of the number of
      myocytes ranged from 1.3 to 1.7 and was correlated with the VS/LV ratio of wall
      thickness. Although the sample is small, our findings suggest that most hearts
      from patients with chronic systemic hypertension and ASH have no diffuse disarray
      in the VS and that ASH probably occurs secondary to pressure overload.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040183
TI  - [Perioperative management of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy by using
      continuous propranolol infusion].

PMID- 4040184
TI  - Various types of systolic clicks in patients with muscular subaortic stenosis.
AB  - Four clinical cases of subaortic hypertrophic muscular stenosis are discussed.
      All four, in addition to a loud systolic murmur, had a loud systolic click.
      However, the timing of the click and its relationship to the phase of the carotid
      pulse were different in each case varying from close to medium and to distant (or
      midsystolic). The comparison of the sound tracing with the carotid tracing
      demonstrated that, in each case, a sudden change in acceleration was taking
      place. In one, the click coincided with the onset of the carotid upstroke; in
      another, with the first peak of the carotid pulse; in the third, with the trough
      between first and second peak of the pulse; in the last, with a sudden drop of
      the pulse at mid-systole caused by sudden obstruction to flow. It is concluded
      that the clicks were caused by rapid changes of acceleration resulting from the
      abnormal aortic ejection. Thus, the study of the carotid pulse and of the sound
      tracing are important for a non-invasive diagnosis together with the echo study
      of the septum and ventricular wall.

PMID- 4040185
TI  - [Thymic humoral factor produced by a thymic epithelial culture].

PMID- 4040187
TI  - Effects of age, milking and season on magnesium, calcium and inorganic phosphorus
      metabolisms in cows.

PMID- 4040186
TI  - [Complete response of advanced bladder carcinoma to chemotherapy alone proved by
      histological examination of the surgical specimen: a case report].

PMID- 4040188
TI  - Circadian variation of ova excretion, proteinuria, hematuria, and leukocyturia in
      urinary schistosomiasis.
AB  - Urine samples from five boys (7 to 9 years) with urinary schistosomiasis were
      collected at 6 A.M. and thereafter at 3-hr intervals until 9 P.M. on 5
      consecutive days. Ova excretion in the urine, proteinuria (PU), erythrocyturia
      (EU), and leucocyturia (LU) were assessed quantitatively. Egg excretion followed
      a circadian rhythm with a peak at 12 noon and was paralleled closely by
      pathological PU. Maximal erythrocyturia occurred at 6 P.M., whereas leucocyturia
      revealed two distinct peak times. Taking the congruent patterns of egg excretion
      and PU together with the results of qualitative urinary protein analysis into
      account, it was concluded that PU was linked causally to ova excretion and could
      be explained by bleeding and exudation of serum proteins during penetration of
      ova through the bladder mucosa. In contrast, EU and LU seemed to be caused by
      different pathological mechanisms. EU followed a time-delayed circadian rhythm,
      possibly induced by persistent bleeding, whereas LU may have indicated a
      concomitant inflammatory component of the bladder.

PMID- 4040189
TI  - Kinetics of cellular proliferation after arterial injury. II. Inhibition of
      smooth muscle growth by heparin.
AB  - Heparin inhibits intimal thickening after arterial injury. Whether this effect is
      due to inhibition of medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration, SMC proliferation
      in the intima, or synthesis and deposition of connective tissue has not been
      evident. In this study we have investigated these possibilities in a rat carotid
      balloon injury model. Heparin (0.3 mg/kg/hour) was administered intravenously by
      means of osmotic pumps to experimental animals, and controls received lactated
      Ringer's solution. Smooth muscle proliferation (thymidine index), intimal smooth
      muscle accumulation, and endothelial regeneration were measured at intervals
      between 0 and 28 days. Total smooth muscle growth as determined biochemically at
      14 days was markedly inhibited by heparin if the pumps were placed 24 hours
      before or at the time of injury and less so if inserted 48 or 96 hours after
      injury. SMC thymidine indices were maximal in the media at 4 days and in the
      intima at 7 days for injured arteries of both heparin-treated and control rats;
      at each time point SMC proliferation and intimal thickening were less in heparin
      treated rats. The volume of connective tissue in the intima was the same in both
      groups at 28 days. Medial SMC migration into the intima was diminished by heparin
      treatment, but endothelial regeneration was not affected. These results support
      the hypothesis that heparin is a specific inhibitor of SMC migration and
      proliferation and is most effective if started before SMC enter S-phase.

PMID- 4040192
TI  - Can neonatal beta-adrenergic stimulation prevent the effects of androgenization
      in female rats?
AB  - A 25 micrograms dose of testosterone propionate injected at 4 days of age induced
      90% anovulation at 100 days of age. The systemic administration of orciprenaline
      (8 or 16 micrograms) or yohimbine (100 micrograms) did not prevent
      androgenization. Twenty-five or fifty micrograms of orciprenaline injected
      intraventricularly reduced only partially (to 54 and 67% respectively) the
      effectiveness of androgenization. We concluded that beta-adrenergic receptor
      stimulation had a very limited ability to prevent androgenization, since the beta
      stimulation obtained directly with orciprenaline prevented androgenization to a
      very limited extent, while the possible indirect stimulation through an increase
      in norepinephrine endogenous release by alpha-2 receptor blocker yohimbine was
      ineffective.

PMID- 4040191
TI  - A theoretically sound and practicable equilibrium dialysis method for measuring
      percentage of free testosterone.
AB  - Free testosterone measured in serum equilibrated in vitro is considered a good
      index of biologically available testosterone even though a large part of free
      testosterone in vivo is derived locally from rapid dissociation of testosterone
      bound to albumin. The most accurate method for measuring free testosterone,
      however, is unsettled. The classical method--equilibrium dialysis--has been
      questioned because of the dilution of serum that it entails and the previous
      inability to achieve identical results with diluted and undiluted serum.
      Essentially identical measurements of free testosterone were achieved in diluted
      and undiluted charcoal-stripped serum by using the dialysis method and
      calculation reported here. The measured free testosterone in undiluted whole
      serum from women was only 4-6% lower than the estimated physiological values.
      These results were obtained using a validated calculation, controlling pH, using
      physiological bicarbonate buffer at 37 degrees C, maintaining a constant free
      ligand concentration for dilutions, measuring the water gain by the dialysis bag,
      and using highly purified labeled testosterone. The mean free testosterone for
      normal women was 0.17 ng/dl (0.11-0.23) and for hirsute women was 0.49 ng/dl
      (0.27-0.71). The testosterone not bound to testosterone-estradiol binding
      globulin, calculated from free testosterone and albumin concentrations, was close
      to the production rate/min of testosterone. The method should be adaptable to
      other ligands.

PMID- 4040190
TI  - Progesterone control of nuclear estrogen receptor: demonstration in hamster
      uterus during the estrous cycle and pseudopregnancy using a new exchange assay.
AB  - Our previous studies showed that total nuclear estrogen receptor (Re) can be
      extracted and measured by exchange using 10 mM pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) at
      low temperature (0-4 degrees C). In order to further validate the PLP assay, we
      measured the Re concentration in uterine cytosol and nuclei by this method under
      physiological conditions, i.e. during the hamster estrous cycle and
      pseudopregnancy. In addition, we compared the Re results obtained by the PLP
      method with those obtained with two other assay procedures, i.e. the KCl and
      NaSCN methods. During the follicular phase of the estrous cycle, all three
      methods showed an elevation of nuclear Re in parallel with the increase in serum
      estradiol (E). However, the quantity of nuclear Re obtained with the PLP method
      was significantly greater than with the KCl method during the follicular phase.
      The surge of serum progesterone (P) during the ovulatory phase of the estrous
      cycle was followed by a dramatic fall in nuclear Re, and the greatest loss of
      nuclear Re during the ovulatory phase of the cycle was detected with the PLP and
      NaSCN methods. On a DNA basis, cytosol Re increased significantly between Day 3
      and proestrus and subsequently fell during the ovulatory phase of the cycle. P
      treatment of proestrus hamsters resulted in a rapid (less than 4 h) loss of
      nuclear Re with little or no change in cytosol Re. Chronic P exposure during
      pseudopregnancy with serum E maintenance, resulted in a significant suppression
      of both cytosol and nuclear Re. Following P withdrawal, both cytosol and nuclear
      Re rose significantly (less than 4 h), indicating that this effect of P was
      readily reversible. The results demonstrate that the Re detected under
      physiological conditions by the PLP method responds to both E action and P
      action, and that the PLP assay provides a greater recovery of Re as compared to
      the KCl assay.

PMID- 4040193
TI  - Inherited factors in leukaemia and lymphoma.

PMID- 4040194
TI  - A chronic arterial and venous cannulation method for freely moving rats.
AB  - A chronic arterial and venous cannulation method appropriate for pharmacokinetics
      studies in freely moving rats is described. Two catheters were implanted: one in
      the abdominal aorta, the other in the inferior vena cava. Passing subcutaneously,
      the catheters then emerged at the nape of the neck and were sealed by heating. In
      most cases (70%), 2-3 weeks after surgery, there were no problems of catheter
      patency. Twenty-four hours after surgery, all the animals were in good health as
      attested by normal behaviour and physiological parameters. Plasma corticosterone
      levels (544 +/- 219 ng/ml) determined at various times after an i.v. injection of
      saline, though 2.4-fold lower than in restrained rats (1330 +/- 292 ng/ml), were,
      however, indicative of a moderate stress. From a differential analysis of the
      factors involved in the relatively elevated circulating corticosterone as
      compared to basal levels, it is concluded that a prolonged postoperative period
      (7 days) and maintaining of the animals in metabolic cages are necessary
      conditions to obtain a minimal state of stress with this technique.

PMID- 4040195
TI  - Virus-induced demyelination in mice: "dying back" of oligodendrocytes.
AB  - Demyelination was produced in mice by intracerebral inoculation of Theiler's
      murine encephalomyelitis virus. The earliest ultrastructural changes occurred in
      the inner cytoplasmic tongues of oligodendrocytes, the most distal extension of
      these cells. Viral antigen was localized to glial loops that connect with myelin
      lamellae. This study indicates that a "dying-back" process may occur in virus
      infected oligodendrocytes, which then results in demyelination.

PMID- 4040196
TI  - Quality assurance in 1984.

PMID- 4040197
TI  - [Cogan's syndrome. Recovery from sudden hearing loss after prompt treatment with
      corticosteroids].

PMID- 4040198
TI  - New technique for the argon laser in the treatment of port wine stains.

PMID- 4040199
TI  - Oxytocin reduces intravenous heroin self-administration in heroin-tolerant rats.
AB  - Intravenous self-administration of heroin was studied in experimentally naive
      rats, as compared to this behavior in animals rendered tolerant to heroin by
      multiple injections. The tolerant rats also exhibited mild signs of spontaneous
      and naloxone-precipitated heroin withdrawal. Self-administration behavior
      developed earlier in the tolerant rats. In heroin-naive rats, oxytocin treatment
      did not influence the acquisition of heroin self-administration behavior. In the
      tolerant rats, on the other hand, oxytocin decreased the acquisition of heroin
      self-administration. When maintenance of heroin self-administration was studied
      in the tolerant rats, graded doses of oxytocin (0.05, 0.5 and 5 micrograms s.c.)
      decreased heroin intake. This finding, which is in agreement with previous data
      indicating that oxytocin attenuates the development of tolerance to and
      dependence on narcotic analgesics, suggests that the neuropeptide reduced the
      reinforcing efficacy of heroin in the tolerant organism.

PMID- 4040200
TI  - Effect of pentobarbital dependence on adenylate cyclase activity and calmodulin
      levels in rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - The effect of calcium (Ca2+) on the adenylate cyclase activity and calmodulin
      level of cerebral cortex was determined in pentobarbital dependent rats and age
      matched controls. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were made dependent and maintained
      on pentobarbital by eating a mixture of pentobarbital and rat chow (350 mg
      pentobarbital/30 g chow). Ca2+ activated then inhibited the adenylate cyclase
      activity associated with a 20,000 X g particulate fraction from pentobarbital
      dependent and age matched control rats. The values for one-half maximal
      stimulation and inhibition by Ca2+ did not differ significantly in either
      cortical preparation. However, the ability of Ca2+ to activate adenylate cyclase
      from pentobarbital dependent animals was significantly decreased (p less than
      0.05) when compared to control animals. Pentobarbital (10(-4) - 10(-3) added to
      particulate fractions from naive control rats did not alter the ability of Ca2+
      to activate adenylate cyclase. The calmodulin levels in the particulate fraction
      from pentobarbital dependent animals (30.2 +/- 6.7 ng calmodulin/mg protein) did
      not differ significantly when compared to control (33.0 +/- 4.7 ng/mg). By
      contrast, the calmodulin levels (37.9 +/- 5.9 ng/mg) in the 20,000 X g
      supernatant from cortex of pentobarbital dependent animals was significantly
      greater than the level in the supernatant from control animals (28.6 +/- 2.6
      ng/mg). The ability of forskolin, dopamine, GTP or forskolin plus GTP (all at a
      concentration of 100 microM) to activate adenylate cyclase was significantly
      decreased in particulate preparations from pentobarbital dependent animals. In
      summary, our data show that alterations in calmodulin levels and a decreased
      responsivity of adenylate cyclase occur in animals physically dependent on
      pentobarbital.

PMID- 4040201
TI  - Dopamine inhibition of anterior pituitary adenylate cyclase is mediated through
      the high-affinity state of the D2 receptor.
AB  - The diterpenoid forskolin stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (measured by
      conversion of [3H]-ATP to [3H]-cAMP) in anterior pituitary from male and female
      rats. Inhibition of stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by potent dopaminergic
      agonists was demonstrable only in female anterior pituitary. The inhibition of
      adenylate cyclase activity displayed a typically dopaminergic rank order of
      agonist potencies and could be completely reversed by a specific dopamine
      receptor antagonist. The IC50 values of dopamine agonist inhibition of adenylate
      cyclase activity correlated with equal molarity with the dissociation constant of
      the high-affinity dopamine agonist-detected receptor binding site and with the
      IC50 values for inhibition of prolactin secretion. These findings support the
      hypothesis that it is the high-affinity form of the D2 dopamine receptor in
      anterior pituitary which is responsible for mediating the dopaminergic function
      of attenuating adenylate cyclase activity.

PMID- 4040203
TI  - [Biotin transport in the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum].
AB  - Biotin transport was studied in the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum and was shown to
      be the active transport with Km = 1.5 X 10(-7) M. The process depended on the pH
      and temperature whose optimal values were pH 6.8-7.2 and 35-40 degrees C. T.
      cutaneum biotin permease was highly specific for biotin and was inhibited by
      biotin analogs. Biotin uptake by the cells was inhibited by glucose. Excess
      biotin in the growth medium caused partial repression of its transport system in
      the yeast. Synthesis of biotin permease by T. cutaneum depended on the nature of
      a catabolite present in the growth medium. The rate of biotin transport was
      highest in the cells grown in the presence of ramnose or arabinose and lowest in
      the cells utilizing galactose, lactose or xylose.

PMID- 4040202
TI  - [Production of extracellular higher fatty acids by yeasts grown on hexadecanoic
      acid].
AB  - Production of exocellular higher fatty acids by Candida yeasts was studied during
      their growth in a mineral medium with hexadecane. The qualitative and
      quantitative composition of exocellular higher fatty acids was investigated
      during cultivation of Candida lipolytica VCM Y 2378(695) under the conditions of
      different aeration (5 and 80% saturation of the medium with oxygen). Palmitic
      (C16:0), palmitooleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids
      predominated among other higher fatty acids. The overall amount of fatty acids
      increased and the content of unsaturated fatty acids decreased when the yeast
      growth was limited with oxygen.

PMID- 4040204
TI  - [Variability of cultures of Pullularia pullulans with different ploidy levels].
AB  - As the level of ploidy rises in Pullularia pullulans, this causes an increase in
      the frequency of spontaneous and UV-induced auxotrophic mutants as well as
      mutants with a modified respiration activity while the frequency of morphological
      mutants decreases. The latter can arise as a result of recessive and dominant
      mutations. A higher frequency of morphological mutants in the haploid may be
      result of recessive mutations. It is likely that the frequency of dominant
      mutations increases in cultures with a higher level of ploidy since, as the
      difference between the frequency of UV-induced mutants and the frequency of
      spontaneous morphological mutants increases.

PMID- 4040205
TI  - Cisplatin and cytarabine administered intrapleurally as treatment of malignant
      pleural effusions.
AB  - Eight patients with histologically-documented malignant pleural effusions
      received a total of ten courses of intrapleurally administered chemotherapy with
      cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and cytarabine (10(-2) M). Sodium thiosulfate was
      simultaneously administered intravenously to protect against cisplatin-induced
      nephrotoxicity. There was no local toxicity observed and the only significant
      systemic toxicity (bone marrow depression) developed in a patient with poor
      marrow reserve prior to the initiation of therapy. Six of seven evaluable
      patients exhibited major reductions (greater than 75%) in the size of their
      effusions lasting for 2 to 10 plus months (median: 4 months). We conclude that
      the intrapleural administration of this chemotherapy regimen results in objective
      and subjective improvement in patients with malignant pleural effusions with
      minimal local and systemic toxicity (except for cisplatin-induced emesis) and
      does not require chest tube drainage or prolonged hospitalization.

PMID- 4040206
TI  - [Biological cycle of Multiceps multiceps isolated from man in the larval stage].

PMID- 4040207
TI  - [Search for ovicides among chemical industrial waste products].

PMID- 4040209
TI  - Quality assurance under the Missouri PRO program.

PMID- 4040208
TI  - Diurnal rhythms in calcium and phosphate metabolism in rodents and their
      relations to lighting and feeding schedules.
AB  - Diurnal fluctuations in serum Ca, inorganic phosphorus, Mg, and alkaline
      phosphatase activity and their relations to lighting and feeding schedules were
      investigated in nocturnal rats and diurnal asiatic chipmunks. The following
      results were obtained: all parameters in the animals fed ad libitum and adapted
      to a regulated light-dark cycle (with light from 7.00 to 19.00 h) showed diurnal
      rhythms; under the same experimental condition, the patterns of the rhythms in
      the nocturnal rat and the diurnal asiatic chipmunk were nearly 180 degrees out of
      phase with each other; under the continuous lighting condition for more than 10
      days, the diurnal rhythms of the parameters in rats decreased in their
      amplitudes, and phase shifts or marked modulations in the diurnal curves occurred
      when the time of availability of food was restricted from 9.00 to 17.00 h without
      altering the lighting schedule. The above findings support an idea that the
      rhythmicity is one of the essential features involved in the Ca metabolism. It is
      demonstrated that the environmental photofraction is one of the essential factors
      in generating or in maintaining the circadian rhythm of Ca metabolism as in other
      physiological processes and that the feeding time also could have a marked effect
      on the diurnal rhythm in the Ca metabolism.

PMID- 4040210
TI  - Multicentric angiosarcoma of the tarsal and metatarsal bones. A case report and
      literature review.

PMID- 4040211
TI  - [Acanthocytosis in chronic septic granulomatosis: the McLeod syndrome].
AB  - Acanthocytosis was observed in a boy suffering from Chronic Granulomatous Disease
      (CGD). Further investigations revealed weak Kell-antigen-expression on the
      patient's erythrocytes. This so-called "McLeod-Syndrome" is due to the absence of
      Kx, the Kell antigen precursor substance. So far, 8 cases of an association
      between McLeod-Syndrome and CGD have been reported. Both genetic defects are
      closely linked on the X-chromosome and may therefore be inherited together. In
      female carriers, the variable inactivation of one X-chromosome according to the
      Lyon-hypothesis is the reason for the appearance of both normal and McLeod
      erythrocytes at the same time. This was observed in the mother and sister of our
      patient too. Blood transfusions should be avoided, because McLeod-patients are at
      risk to form antibodies against the precursor substance Kx common to the
      erythrocytes of virtually all people. These patients should therefore be
      encouraged to donate blood which can be stored frozen and used either as
      autotransfusion (for the patient himself) or for other McLeod-patients.

PMID- 4040212
TI  - Abnormal growth hormone and dwarfism.

PMID- 4040213
TI  - Paternal cyclophosphamide treatment of rats causes fetal loss and malformations
      without affecting male fertility.
AB  - The use of cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic agents as treatment for various
      types of cancer may be particularly hazardous in men of reproductive age as there
      exists the possibility that this may lead to congenital malformations in the
      progeny. Such agents can affect fertility and other aspects of male reproductive
      function, for example, treatment with anti-cancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide
      has been associated with oligozoospermia, azoospermia and increased levels of
      serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Depending on the cumulative dose and
      the duration of treatment, spermatogenesis often returns but this may take years.
      The relevance of the effects of such chemicals on the male reproductive system to
      the offspring is poorly understood. We have set out to determine whether present
      tests of male reproductive function (that is, endocrine status, numbers of
      spermatozoa, fertility) can predict deleterious effects of a paternally
      administered agent on the offspring. Here, we report that chronic administration
      in rats of low doses of the widely used drug cyclophosphamide had minimal effects
      on the male reproductive system and fertility, but resulted in malformations and
      retardation of growth in the surviving fetuses and a high frequency of fetal
      death. Thus, adverse effects on the fetus cannot be predicted from the effects of
      a drug on the male reproductive system.

PMID- 4040214
TI  - Human N-myc gene contributes to neoplastic transformation of mammalian cells in
      culture.
AB  - Proto-oncogenes represent a group of eukaryotic genes whose activated forms are
      implicated in the development of cancer. We have recently identified a human
      gene, N-myc, that is distantly related to the proto-oncogene c-myc. N-myc is
      expressed at abnormally high levels consequent to amplification in numerous human
      neuroblastoma cell lines and metastatic neuroblastoma tumours. In addition,
      enhanced expression of N-myc, often a result of amplification, has been found in
      retinoblastoma cell lines and tumours (refs 5, 7 and M.S., unpublished data) and
      in cell lines derived from small-cell carcinomas of the lung. Here, we show that
      enhanced expression of N-myc subsequent to co-transfections of an N-myc
      expression vector and the mutant c-Ha-ras-1(EJ) (from the human bladder carcinoma
      cell line EJ) is a factor in tumorigenic conversion of secondary rat embryo
      cells. The transformed cells elicit tumours in athymic mice and isogeneic rats.
      The ability of N-myc to contribute to neoplastic transformation of cultured
      mammalian cells raises the possibility that enhanced expression consequent to
      amplification of N-myc may be a factor in the aetiology of human neuroblastoma.

PMID- 4040215
TI  - Unexpected potentiation by discriminant benzamide derivatives of stereotyped
      behaviours elicited by dopamine agonists in mice.
AB  - Among four stereotyped manifestations that can be simultaneously quantified in
      mice treated with apomorphine (APO), two of them (climbing and sniffing) emerge
      at low APO dosages (below 1 mg/kg) whereas licking and sniffing require APO
      dosages above 6 mg/kg. However, in mice pretreated (either i.p. or i.c.v.) with
      sulpiride (especially the levo isomer) or (+/-)amisulpride in moderate dosage
      stereotyped licking and sniffing are elicited by APO in much lower dosage (0.75
      mg/kg). As a consequence, in mice pretreated with these benzamide derivatives and
      receiving 0.75 mg/kg APO, a biphasic effect was observed: licking and gnawing
      progressively appear at low dosages, whereas they are progressively abolished at
      higher dosages. This potentiation of the effects of APO by (+/-) amisulpride is
      even more obvious (maximal scores increased) with larger test-doses of the
      dopamine agonist (up to 5 mg/kg). Amisulpride also allows the emergence of the
      two stereotyped behaviours in mice receiving other dopamine agonists in
      subthreshold dosages (Dipropyl 5,6-ADTN, dexamphetamine or cocaine). The
      potentiation of APO is still observed after dopamine depletion by reserpine and
      alpha-methylparatyrosine, whereas that of dexamphetamine is abolished. In
      contrast with the benzamide derivatives, haloperidol does not potentiate at any
      dosage the effect of APO but, at 0.15 mg/kg, suppresses licking and gnawing
      elicited by 0.75 mg/kg APO in mice pretreated with 6.25 mg/kg amisulpride or
      veralipride.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040216
TI  - Effects of discriminant and non-discriminant dopamine antagonists on in vivo
      accumulation of 3H-N-propyl-norapomorphine in mouse striatum and tuberculum
      olfactorium.
AB  - The in vivo accumulation of 3H-N-propyl norapomorphine in mouse striatum and
      tuberculum olfactorium and its inhibition by a series of classical neuroleptics
      and discriminant benzamide derivatives previously identified in behavioural and
      radioligand experiments has been studied. The ID50 values in the two brain areas
      did not significantly differ with any studied compound. In addition the regional
      distribution of a discriminant compound related to sulpiride and administered in
      tritiated form to rats was rather homogeneous. These data do not indicate a
      preferential accumulation of these compounds in limbic as opposed to striatal
      areas.

PMID- 4040217
TI  - Chlorimipramine, electroconvulsive shock and combination thereof: differential
      effects of chronic treatment on apomorphine-induced behaviours and on striatal
      and mesocortical dopamine turnover.
AB  - We studied the influence of different pretreatment regimens (Chlorimipramine-Cmi,
      electroconvulsive shock-ECS, and Cmi + ECS all regimens being applied for either
      2 or 15 days) on the open field behaviour, on the striatal and on the prefrontal
      dopamine-PFC DA turnover in rats injected with either apomorphine-AP 25
      micrograms/kg (stimulating presynaptic DA receptors), AP 200 micrograms/kg
      (stimulating post-synaptic DA receptors), or vehicle (control). In the controls,
      AP 25 micrograms/kg reduced the locomotor activity and the striatal, but not the
      PFC DA turnover. AP 200 micrograms/kg increased the locomotor activity and
      reduced the striatal but not the PFC DA turnover. Short-term pretreatment: ECS
      and Cmi + ECS prevented the decrease of striatal DA turnover after AP 25
      micrograms/kg. No other influence of any pretreatment on behaviour or DA-turnover
      became significant. Long-term pretreatment: Chronic Cmi: marginally increased the
      open field behaviour and marginally decreased the PFC DA turnover; significantly
      increased the effect of AP (200 micrograms/kg) on striatal DA turnover and the
      effect of AP (25 and 200 micrograms/kg) on PFC DA turnover. Repeated ECS:
      decreased locomotion and rearing and increased PFC DA turnover; increased the
      effect of AP (200 micrograms/kg) on locomotion and on striatal DA turnover;
      decreased the effect of AP (25 and 200 micrograms/kg) on PFC DA turnover. Chronic
      Cmi + ECS: decreased locomotion and rearing and marginally decreased PFC DA
      turnover; increased the effect of AP on hyperlocomotion and on striatal DA
      turnover.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040219
TI  - [HCG must remain].

PMID- 4040218
TI  - Attenuation of cisplatinum-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat by high salt diet,
      furosemide and acetazolamide.
AB  - The influence of variations in sodium chloride diet, furosemide and acetazolamide
      on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatinum have been investigated in the rat by
      measuring serum creatinine concentrations 5 days after cisplatinum (5 mg/kg, ip)
      administration. Sodium chloride depletion enhanced, while sodium chloride loading
      minimized changes in renal function. Increases in urine flow rate following a
      dextrose water load failed to alter the nephrotoxic response. Both furosemide and
      acetazolamide, given 30 min before cisplatinum, attenuated the nephrotoxic
      response. In contrast, neither sodium chloride loading, furosemide, nor
      acetazolamide influenced the change in renal function when given 30 min after
      cisplatinum. These observations indicate that renal damage due to cisplatinum can
      be modified by alterations in dietary salt and by diuretics and that the extent
      of ultimate renal damage is dependent on factors occurring immediately after
      cisplatinum administration.

PMID- 4040220
TI  - Muscarinic receptors in the preoptic area are sensitive to 17 beta-estradiol
      during the critical period.
AB  - The relationship between the steroid hormone 17 beta-estradiol and the muscarinic
      cholinergic receptors present in the preoptic area (POA), median hypothalamus and
      posterior hypothalamus of female rats was examined in vitro at various stages of
      the estrous cycle. Muscarinic receptors varied in a cyclic manner, specifically
      in the POA, as shown by an increase in the proportion of high-affinity agonist
      binding sites (RH) to 60% during the proestrus, as compared to RH proportion
      observed during diestrus-2 and during the afternoon of proestrus (35%). Exposure
      of POA homogenates to 17 beta-estradiol resulted in conversion of RH to low
      affinity agonist binding sites (RL). This effect of the hormone was also
      restricted to the POA taken from rats during the morning of proestrus. It was
      blocked by the antiestrogenic drug, clomiphene, and could be prevented by
      preoccupation of the muscarinic receptors by their own ligands prior to the
      addition of hormone. It follows that significant changes in POA muscarinic
      receptors in situ exactly coincided with the known critical time period
      characterized by high estrogen levels and high levels of estrogen receptors in
      the POA. These changes in muscarinic receptors might thus conceivably reflect
      variations in cholinergic activity in the POA during the estrous cycle.

PMID- 4040221
TI  - Choline acetyltransferase activity in the pars distalis, preoptic area and
      striatum during the rat estrous cycle.
AB  - Choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity of the striatum, preoptic area (POA),
      and pars distalis (PD) of the anterior pituitary gland was measured on each day
      of the 4-day estrous cycle of adult Wistar rats. Only in the PD did CAT activity
      vary significantly during the cycle, with the activity being lower during estrus
      than at other stages of the cycle. The CAT activity of the PD was extremely low,
      approximately 500 nmol/h/g protein, and, therefore, the specificity of the CAT
      activity of the PD was verified in studies on substrate requirement, the effect
      of a CAT inhibitor, and by paper chromatography of the reaction products.
      Measurement of CAT activity in saline-perfused glands, in sections of tissue
      taken from the lateral extremes of the PD and in hypophysial portal blood showed
      that the CAT activity of the PD was intrinsic, and not due to CAT activity in
      entrapped blood or adjacent tissues. The precise cellular origins of CAT in PD
      and the significance of the cyclical variation require further investigation.

PMID- 4040222
TI  - Circadian pattern of multiunit activity of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus during
      the estrous cycle.
AB  - Multiunit activity (MUA) of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus
      and medial preoptic area (MPOA) was recorded in chronically implanted, freely
      moving female rats. The integrated MUA of the SCN and MPOA was significantly
      higher in the dark than in the light period of day. Superimposed upon this
      diurnal rhythmicity in the SCN were 3.0- to 3.5-hour ultradian oscillations of
      MUA, with the fluctuations showing the highest variability at night. A
      significant increase in SCN MUA consistently preceded the offset of light by 1 h,
      whereas during the dark-light transition a marked decrease of neuronal firing
      occurred after the onset of light. Analysis of MUA base level--recorded during
      slow wave sleep--revealed that the average activity in the SCN was lowest on the
      day of diestrus-II, began to increase on proestrus night, and reached the highest
      values during estrus. Bilateral transection of the optic nerve, 4-6 weeks prior
      to electrical recordings, abolished the estrous cycle and the circadian pattern
      of neuronal firing of the SCN. An ultradian oscillation of integrated MUA in
      blind rats occurred with the same average intervals (3.0-3.28 h) but the
      amplitude was much higher than in intact cycling rats. Data indicate that there
      are correlated changes in basal MUA levels of the SCN and the stages of the
      estrous cycle. Furthermore, they suggest that maintenance of hormonal cyclicity
      and circadian rhythm of neuronal function requires intact retinohypothalamic
      connections.

PMID- 4040223
TI  - Effect of Ca2+ on the binding characteristics of muscarinic receptors in rat
      adenohypophysis--variation during the estrous cycle.
AB  - The effect of Ca2+ on the biochemical characteristics of muscarinic receptors in
      the adenohypophysis of male and female rats at the various stages of the estrous
      cycle was investigated in binding experiments using the specific muscarinic
      antagonist N-methyl-4-piperidyl benzylate ( [3H]-4NMPB) and the muscarinic
      agonist oxotremorine. By using Ca2+ chelators such as EGTA, and Ca2+ channel
      blockers such as D-600, we showed that Ca2+ profoundly alters the binding
      characteristics of both antagonists and agonists to the muscarinic receptors. In
      female rats the effect of Ca2+ on antagonist binding is mainly on the maximal
      binding capacity of the receptors, while changes in the dissociation constants
      are much more moderate. The effect is expressed in the ability of Ca2+ to expose
      or to eliminate binding sites as a function of the estrous cycle. In agonist
      binding, the presence of Ca2+ has a pronounced effect on the proportion of high
      affinity binding sites, which parallels the changes induced in antagonist binding
      throughout the estrous cycle. Interestingly, the natural progression of the cycle
      from diestrus 2 to the estrous stage undergoes a change identical to that
      occurring in vitro upon Ca2+ removal. D-600 can completely block the effect of
      Ca2+ on the binding of both [3H]-4NMPB and oxotremorine. The concentration of D
      600 required in order to induce such blocking is also dependent on the estrous
      cycle. It appears that the progression of the estrous cycle is accompanied by
      changes in the muscarinic receptors which may in turn be coupled to Ca2+
      channels.

PMID- 4040224
TI  - Ovulatory function and retinal catecholamine concentrations in female rats with
      and without inherited retinal photoreceptor degeneration.
AB  - The timing of the critical period and LH surge during the afternoon of proestrus
      was unchanged in female rats with degenerated retinal photoreceptors (Hunter and
      Royal College of Surgeons strains), when compared to female rats with intact
      retinae (Piebald Virol Glaxo and Wistar strains). Both RCS and Wistar strains
      responded to constant light (LL) exposure by attaining persistent vaginal
      cornification at the same rate. In addition, both RCS and Wistar strains regained
      normal estrous cycles when moved from LL to control lighting (LD). Therefore, an
      intact retinal photoreceptor layer is not essential for normal ovulatory
      function. In addition, these results show that the effects of LL on gonadotrophin
      secretion are mediated through the brain and are not the result of retinal
      degeneration. Measurements of retinal concentrations of dopamine (DA) and its
      metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (Dopac), in Wistar and RCS rats showed
      that concentrations of both compounds were reduced by LL, and then increased back
      to control values when animals were moved back into LD. Although the magnitude of
      the changes in retinal concentrations of DA and Dopac was greater in Wistar than
      in RCS rats (possibly related to the degeneration which occurs in Wistar but not
      RCS rats), these results suggest that dopaminergic cells, probably within the
      amacrine cell population of the retina, respond to different light regimes,
      perhaps by changes in activity.

PMID- 4040225
TI  - [Echocardiographic study of myocardial masses in primary hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy and in hypertensive cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 4040226
TI  - [Use of the appendix in the reconstruction of ureteral continuity in an unusual
      clinical case of advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma].

PMID- 4040227
TI  - Lesions of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons delay the development of tolerance
      to morphine catalepsy.
AB  - Selective lesions of the dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area
      (VTA) were found to substantially delay the development of tolerance to morphine
      induced catalepsy, in comparison with sham-operated controls receiving morphine.
      Lesioned subjects receiving vehicle injections showed no catalepsy. The data
      suggest that tolerance to morphine catalepsy requires intact VTA DA neurons.
      Furthermore, since the acute cataleptic response was intact in lesioned animals,
      the data suggest that the mechanisms involved in the cataleptic response to
      morphine are dissociable from those which bring about tolerance to that response.

PMID- 4040228
TI  - Synthesis of multiple peptides from a larger precursor in the neuroendocrine
      caudo-dorsal cells of Lymnaea stagnalis.
AB  - The biosynthesis, transport and release of multiple peptides by the egg-laying
      controlling neuroendocrine caudo-dorsal cells (CDCs) of Lymnaea stagnalis were
      studied. High-performance gel permeation chromatography was used to resolve newly
      synthesized peptides after pulse-chase experiments with radioactive amino acids.
      The ultimate precursor is a approximately 35 kd (K) peptide which is produced in
      the CDC somata. It gives rise to intermediate products (approximately 20 K,
      approximately 10 K and approximately 7 K) and a number of end products which
      include a approximately 4.5 K peptide (the ovulation hormone) and other peptides
      (approximately 6 K, approximately 3.5 K and approximately 2 K). The end products
      are transported in neurosecretory granules to the CDC axon terminals in the
      cerebral commissure where they are released into the medium during electrical
      discharges of the CDC system.

PMID- 4040229
TI  - Choriocarcinoma of the ovary.
AB  - Six cases of primary ovarian choriocarcinoma were reviewed. Five-year follow-up
      was available for all patients except the most recently diagnosed case. Overall
      survival was 80%. The problems of distinguishing between gestational and
      nongestational neoplasia and differentiating primary from metastatic disease are
      discussed. Surgical staging of disease may be more informative in initiating
      aggressive chemotherapy than in determining the gestational or nongestational
      origin of the tumor.

PMID- 4040230
TI  - [State of the optic disk and visual field boundaries examined daily by perimetry
      in patients in the early stages of glaucoma].

PMID- 4040231
TI  - [Cyloscopy in uveitis].

PMID- 4040232
TI  - [Establishment of the optimal space-time characteristics for trans-scleral laser
      irradiation and its experimental study].

PMID- 4040233
TI  - Unresectable non-small cell lung cancer chemotherapy with high-dose cisplatin and
      etoposide.
AB  - 69 patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer, previously untreated,
      received cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 1 and etoposide 120 mg/m2 on days 4, 6, 8 at
      4-week intervals. 66 patients were evaluable for tumor response and toxicity.
      Overall objective response was 25.7% (3 complete responses and 14 partial
      responses). Response rate in limited disease was 41% and in patients with
      performance score 0 it was 40%. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
      responded in 31 and 24% of evaluable patients. Complete response was associated
      with a long duration of remission. Median survival time of responding patients
      was significantly superior to the median of nonresponding patients (p less than
      0.001) but compared to stable disease no statistical significance was
      demonstrable (p greater than 0.05). Hematological and renal toxicity of proposed
      regimen was generally mild. Nausea and vomiting were the most noxious side
      effects.

PMID- 4040234
TI  - Effects of mild hearing loss on auditory processing.
AB  - The impact on language learning of mild hearing loss due to otitis media with
      effusion has forced a new look at the dynamics of central auditory processing. A
      model of auditory deprivation that would produce the test results that define CAP
      deficits would be a mild conductive hearing loss. It is relevant to reexamine CAP
      theory in terms of such hearing loss.

PMID- 4040235
TI  - Interactions of the cysticercoids of Hymenolepis diminuta and raillietina
      cesticillus in their intermediate host, Tribolium confusum.
AB  - This study was based on the experimental exposure of beetles to homologous and
      heterologous infections of Hymenolepis diminuta and Raillietina cesticillus. The
      results demonstrated that, for both species over the range of parasite densities
      employed, the presence of a primary infection had no effect on the establishment
      success of an homologous challenge infection. The establishment success of R.
      cesticillus cysticercoids was not affected by the presence of an H. diminuta
      infection. The existence of an R. cesticillus infection, however, severely
      reduced the establishment success of an H. diminuta infection. The reduction in
      H. diminuta establishment was greatest in R. cesticillus infections less than 10
      days old. The plausibility of some of the mechanisms that are potentially
      responsible for the reduction in H. diminuta establishment success is discussed,
      as is the possible ecological significance of these results.

PMID- 4040236
TI  - Creatine kinase brain isoenzyme: relationship of cerebrospinal fluid
      concentration to the neurologic condition of newborns and cellular localization
      in the human brain.
AB  - Immunocytochemical study of human brain showed creatine kinase brain isoenzyme
      (CKBB) present in both neurons and astrocytes. Because creatine kinase brain
      isoenzyme is an intracellular enzyme that might be released with brain injury,
      its concentration in the CSF of newborns was measured using a radioimmunoassay.
      Infants who suffered a documented neurologic insult (a cerebroventricular
      hemorrhage or a CNS infection) were found to have a greater mean CSF creatine
      kinase brain isoenzyme concentration than those without a history of neurologic
      insult. Infants with a high concentration had a poor short-term outcome (death or
      neurologic abnormality when discharged) more frequently than did those with a
      lower concentration. Infants with a grade 3 or 4 cerebroventricular hemorrhage
      had a higher mean concentration than did those with a grade 1 or 2 hemorrhage.
      These data are consistent with the hypothesis that CSF creatine kinase brain
      isoenzyme is a metabolic indicator of brain damage in newborns.

PMID- 4040237
TI  - Acoustic reflectometry in the detection of middle ear effusion.
AB  - Acoustic reflectometry, a new technique for detecting middle ear effusion, was
      compared with results from tympanocentesis or myringotomy in 75 patients (141
      ears). There was a highly significant association (P less than .0001) for ears
      having middle ear effusion with high reflectivity (5 through 9 units) and for
      ears having no middle ear effusion with low reflectivity (0 through 4 units). In
      a pediatric population with middle ear effusion present in 98 of 141 ears and
      using reflectivity readings greater than 4 to indicate middle ear effusion, the
      sensitivity of this technique was 86.7% and the specificity was 69.8%. False
      positive errors usually occurred in ears with thick tympanic membranes, or in
      ears in which reflectivity was determined prior to the induction of anesthesia.
      False-negative errors usually occurred in ears with both air and fluid. This
      technique was validated by direct comparison with tympanocentesis or myringotomy
      and can be used with pneumatic otoscopy and impedance tympanometry to follow
      children with middle ear effusion.

PMID- 4040238
TI  - Changes in the brain and core temperatures in relation to the various arousal
      states in rats in the light and dark periods of the day.
AB  - In rats, brain temperature (Tbr) and core temperature (Tc) were recorded in
      parallel with the sleep-wake activity throughout the 24-h diurnal cycle,
      consisting of a 12-h light (L) and a 12-h dark (D) period. In order to
      characterize the temperature changes associated with the arousal states in the L
      and the D separately, (i) the average temperatures in wakefulness (W), non-rapid
      eye movement sleep (NREMS) and REM sleep (REMS), and at the transitions between
      the arousal states were calculated; (ii) the courses of temperatures before and
      after the transitions (falling asleep, awakening from NREMS or REMS, transition
      from NREMS to REMS) were determined; (iii) the rates of changes in Tbr and Tc
      were calculated for each state; and (iv) the correlations between the
      temperatures and the overall length of each arousal state, and between Tbr and Tc
      were studied. In both the L and D periods, Tbr and Tc decreased at the beginning
      of NREMS, then levelled off, and increased slightly before awakening. Apart from
      short arousals which did not affect temperature, Tbr and Tc increased in W,
      peaked 15-20 min after awakening, and declined significantly before the falling
      asleep. In REMS, Tbr increased at a high rate, while a slight increase in Tc was
      evident in the L only. Correlations between the temperatures and the arousal
      states were found in both the L and the D. The courses of Tbr and Tc were also
      correlated. The results support the existence of characteristic changes in body
      temperature related to the arousal states in the rat.

PMID- 4040239
TI  - Friedreich's ataxia presenting as cardiac disease.
AB  - Three male children with Friedreich's ataxia, from a single family, are
      described. The first patient presented as a cardiologic problem with anginalike
      chest pain. He was found to have echocardiographic evidence of concentric left
      ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). He later developed ataxia. The younger brother
      also had LVH but was asymptomatic and later became ataxic. The elder brother was
      already ataxic at the time of diagnosis. To our knowledge this is the first
      report of echocardiographic concentric left ventricular hypertrophy preceding the
      neurologic syndrome of Friedreich's ataxia.

PMID- 4040240
TI  - New antimicrobial agents for pediatricians.

PMID- 4040241
TI  - [New therapeutic agents in idiopathic thrombopenic purpura].

PMID- 4040242
TI  - [Acute thrombopenic purpura after the administration of Polopirin].

PMID- 4040243
TI  - Benign diseases of the uterine cervix. Ruling out neoplasia a diagnostic
      priority.

PMID- 4040244
TI  - Effects of social policy on the heritability of educational achievement.

PMID- 4040245
TI  - Effects of psychotropic drugs on discrimination conditioning in olfactory
      bulbectomized rats.
AB  - In the acquisition process of discrimination avoidance conditioning, bilateral
      olfactory bulbectomized rats showed poor discrimination conditioning since both
      the avoidance responses to positive conditioned stimuli (CS) and the incorrect
      responses to negative CS increased. The effects of various psychotropic drugs
      upon this poor discrimination conditioning were examined. Chlordiazepoxide 5
      mg/kg, IP, produced an increase in the avoidance responses with simultaneous
      decrease in the incorrect responses, thus making the discrimination possible.
      Chlorpromazine 2 mg/kg, IP, worsened the discrimination by decreasing both the
      avoidance and incorrect responses as compared with saline-treated rats.
      Amitriptyline 10 mg/kg, IP, decreased the incorrect responses without affecting
      the avoidance responses, thus making the discrimination possible. Methamphetamine
      0.5 mg/kg, IP, increased both the avoidance and incorrect responses resulting in
      poor discrimination conditioning. From these results, it was found that the poor
      discrimination conditioning of O.B. rats was improved by psychotropic drugs like
      chlordiazepoxide and amitriptyline.

PMID- 4040246
TI  - Naltrexone antagonizes the biobehavioral adaptation to cold water stress in rats.
AB  - The reported studies on the development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of
      stress have been mostly concerned with the involvement of opioid or non-opioid
      substances in stress-induced analgesia (SIA). To further investigate the
      processes involved in SIA tolerance, rats were exposed to forced intermittent
      cold water swim (ICWS, 18 exposures, 3/min, 10 sec each) on 16 consecutive days.
      On days 15 and 16, they were injected prior to swim with saline and naltrexone
      (10 mg/kg), respectively. During swim, three types of readily identifiable
      behaviors were observed. They may be characterized by immobility and horizontal
      floating (Type I), intensive activity and escape attempts (Type II), and
      passivity and "behavioral despair" (Type III). In the acute condition, only Type
      II and Type III appear in sequence. In the chronic condition, the sequence of
      behaviors is: Type I, Type II, and Type III. Thirty minutes after swim,
      analgesia, core temperature, and degree of inactivity were measured. With chronic
      exposure, tolerance developed to the analgesia, core hypothermia and hypoactivity
      induced by the ICWS. Type I behavior appeared on day 3 or 4 and persisted
      throughout the chronic treatment. Type II behavior did not adapt. Naltrexone (10
      mg/kg) antagonized the adaptive aspect of all those variables where adaptation or
      tolerance were found (analgesia, hypoactivity, core hypothermia, and Type I
      behavior) but had no effect on Type II behavior where no adaptation was observed.
      It is suggested that the endorphins have a functional role in the behavioral and
      and physiological adaptation to aversive stressful environmental situations.

PMID- 4040247
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of histamine in the regulation of blood-brain
      barrier permeability.
AB  - Role of histaminergic mechanisms in the regulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB)
      was assessed in dog. Histamine increased the entry of sodium fluorescein from the
      blood to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a dose-dependent manner. Histamine
      receptor antagonists, mepyramine (H1) and metiamide (H2) per se did not affect
      the entry of dye in the CSF. Mepyramine failed to affect the change induced by
      histamine whereas metiamide completely blocked the histamine-induced entry of
      sodium fluorescein in CSF. 2-Methyl histamine, a specific H1-agonist, did not
      affect the barrier permeability. However, 4-methyl histamine, a specific H2
      receptor agonist significantly increased the permeability of BBB. This increase
      was blocked by metiamide. Forskolin, a stimulant of adenylate cyclase, also
      increased the entry of dye in the CSF which could be significantly blocked by
      metiamide. It is concluded that histamine increases the permeability of BBB by
      affecting H2-receptors linked to adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 4040248
TI  - Gastric secretion and mucosal lesions in morphine-dependent rats.
AB  - The gastric mucosa and basal gastric secretion of morphine-dependent rats with
      pyloric occlusion were examined. Morphine tolerance and dependence were induced
      by administering increasing concentrations of morphine sulphate in the drinking
      water for 3 weeks, and were confirmed by a decreased analgesic response to
      morphine in the tail-immersion test and by occurrence of a naloxone-precipitated
      withdrawal syndrome, respectively. It was found that although the basal gastric
      secretion of morphine-dependent rats was not significantly different from that of
      naive animals, the former group showed a significantly higher gastric glandular
      mucosal ulcer index. Intraperitoneal injection of naloxone induced significant
      withdrawal effects but did not produce significant changes in gastric secretion
      or in ulcer index.

PMID- 4040249
TI  - Optimal laser parameters for port wine stain therapy: a theoretical approach.
AB  - The optimal parameters for laser therapy of port wine stains (PWS) have been
      deduced from temperature calculations on two models: (i) the four-layer model;
      and (ii) the tube model in which two plane parallel layers, representing the
      epidermis and dermis, and a dermal rectangular blood vessel are considered. The
      calculations were performed with a vessel of average cross section 0.06 mm X 0.08
      mm located in the centre of the laser beam. The numerical calculations were
      performed by an alternate direction-implicit finite difference method. The
      optimal parameters were: wavelengths lambda = 415, 577 and 540 nm; pulse time, 1
      ms less than t1 less than or equal to 10 ms; and beam radius W1 greater than 0.1
      mm. The energy densities E1 (for t1 = 1 ms) required to coagulate blood vessels
      down to a depth of 0.65 mm in order to establish bleaching of the PWS were 0.5,
      1.6 and 2 J cm-2 for the different lambda respectively. The value for the argon
      laser (lambda = 488 and 514.5 nm) was E1 = 6.5 J cm-2 (t1 = 1 ms). Because, for
      this pulse time, heat summation effects at the boundary of the laser beam cause
      no drastic increase in local temperature at optimal wavelengths, the stripe
      technique was again considered and compared with the separated spot technique.
      The Nd-YAG and CO2 lasers prove even less selective than the argon laser. The
      influence of cooling the skin with water shows that only for lambda = 577 nm and
      t1 = 0.1 s is there an increase in E1 from 2.5 to 6 J cm-2 for which dermal
      damage occurs.

PMID- 4040250
TI  - Control of the temporal location of schedule-induced attack in pigeons.
AB  - Pigeons were exposed to complex fixed-ratio schedules to assess whether the
      temporal location of schedule-induced attack was controlled by the discriminative
      properties of food or by the aversive aftereffects of food withdrawal. When
      exposed to a multiple fixed-ratio 25 fixed-ratio N schedule in which either fixed
      ratio component occurred with equal probability according to a quasi-random
      sequence and in which the value of N ranged from 115 to 150 across subjects, all
      pigeons exhibited post-food attack against a rear-projected conspecific target
      predominantly at the signalled onset of the higher-valued ratio component.
      Exposure of subjects to a mixed fixed-ratio 25 chained fixed-ratio 25 fixed-ratio
      N-25 schedule, however, resulted in a shift of attack to the signalled onset of
      the fixed-ratio N-25 component rather than following food. A chained fixed-ratio
      25 fixed-ratio N-25 schedule induced attack predominantly after food delivery
      rather than at the onset of the fixed-ratio N-25 component. These findings show
      that the temporal locus of schedule-induced attack is primarily controlled by a
      stimulus, whether food delivery or key color change, that reliably precedes a
      relatively long period of reinforcer unavailability.

PMID- 4040251
TI  - Effects of neonatal castration and testosterone treatment on sexual partner
      preference in the ferret.
AB  - Groups of male and female ferrets were tested in a T maze to determine whether
      they preferred to approach and interact with a sexually active male or an estrous
      female. Control male and female ferrets gonadectomized (GX) on postnatal Day 35
      and tested in adulthood while receiving no hormone or testosterone (T) displayed
      no significant preference. When given estradiol benzoate (EB), however, control
      males preferred stimulus females whereas control females preferred stimulus
      males. When tested in adulthood with EB treatment, males GX on postnatal Day 5
      showed a significant reduction in their approach to stimulus females, although
      they did not switch their preference to stimulus males and thereby resemble
      control females. Female ferrets GX on postnatal Day 5 and given a high dosage of
      T over postnatal Days 5-20 showed a significant reduction in their approach to
      stimulus males, although they did not switch their preference to stimulus
      females, and thereby resemble control males. The results suggest that extended
      perinatal exposure of male ferrets to T is required for the development of a
      sociosexual preference for females.

PMID- 4040252
TI  - Plasma prolactin levels during conditioned avoidance behavior in rats.
AB  - In these experiments, we examined the prolactin (PRL) response during the
      acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response (CAR). Rats were tested daily in
      a two-way shuttle box. They were presented with a light stimulation followed by
      an electric footshock. During each trial period, the rats were given the
      opportunity to escape the footshock by moving to a safe side of the box. Movement
      to the appropriate location after the warning signal (light) begins, but before
      the onset of the footshock, constitutes a CAR. Blood samples were collected from
      an indwelling cannula and analyzed by radioimmunoassay. PRL levels increased
      during early acquisition testing, when the rats had not learned to avoid the
      shock. After one week of testing, acquisition performance increased considerably
      (70% CARs) while PRL levels remained unchanged. Thus, we were able to show that
      as rats learned to modify their behavior in response to a stressful situation,
      they could also modify their PRL response to the stressor.

PMID- 4040254
TI  - Prolonged responsiveness to the maternal pheromone in the postweanling rat.
AB  - When rat young reach 27 days of age they stop responding to a pheromone carried
      in the feces of the lactating female. Because the consumption of such feces
      promotes the deposition of brain myelin, we suggested that response to the
      pheromone might continue as long as the amount of myelin per gram brain remained
      below adult levels. Our data support the suggestion. Pups deficient in myelin
      responded to the pheromone after 27 days of age.

PMID- 4040253
TI  - Postnatal lead exposure and the cholinergic system.
AB  - Previous reports have suggested that the behavioral effects of early lead (Pb)
      exposure may be due to an underlying deficiency in cholinergic function. To
      further examine this possibility, Long-Evans hooded rat pups were exposed to Pb
      for the first 25 postnatal days via the maternal milk. Dams were fed either 4.0%
      PbCO3 (High Pb), 0.4% PbCO3 (low Pb) or a Na2CO3 control diet throughout this
      period. Beginning at 65 days of age, animals were tested on behavioral tasks
      sensitive to both Pb exposure and cholinergic deficiency. Exposure to both levels
      of Pb impaired passive avoidance acquisition and produced lower rates of
      spontaneous alternation. Pb, however, had no clear effects on open field
      activity. The cholinergic agonist physostigmine (0.05 and 0.075 mg/kg) did not
      affect the behavior of control animals on any task, but in both Pb exposed groups
      physostigmine improved passive avoidance acquisition, increased the rate of
      spontaneous alternation and lowered open field activity scores. The cholinergic
      antagonist scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg) impaired passive avoidance acquisition,
      lowered the rate of spontaneous alternation and increased open field activity
      scores in control animals. Consistent with behavior characteristic of an inverted
      U shaped response curve, scopolamine (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) improved passive
      avoidance acquisition in both Pb exposed groups and decreased open field activity
      scores in the High Pb group. In all cases, the behavioral response of the Pb
      exposed animals may be interpreted as responses characteristic of cholinergically
      deficient animals. These results thus provide further evidence for cholinergic
      system involvement in the behavioral changes observed following early exposure to
      Pb.

PMID- 4040255
TI  - Maternal licking by virgin and lactating rats: water transfer from pups.
AB  - Rat dams provide water to their young via milk. Dams reclaim much of this water
      by licking the pups' anogenital areas, stimulating reflexive urination and
      consuming the pups' urine. Sensitized virgin rats, induced to act maternally do
      not provide water to pups, but they nevertheless lick them. To determine whether
      bidirectional transfer of water between the rat mother and her litter mediates
      maternal licking, water transfer from pups to sensitized virgins was compared
      with that to lactating dams. We used time-lapse video recordings to measure
      anogenital licking of pups. Sensitized virgins and lactating dams spent
      equivalent amounts of time licking the anogenital regions of test litters. We
      quantified the amount of water transferred from offspring to both virgins and
      dams by injecting pups with tritiated water and measuring the radioactive label
      in maternal plasma after interaction with a litter of 5-day-olds. Dams obtained
      more than twice as much urine from the litter in 4 hr than did the maternal
      virgins. Differences in the amount of water obtained from pups were due to
      differences in urine availability caused by the receipt of milk from the dams.
      When the dams' nipples were ligated, so that their pups received no milk, ligated
      dams and virgins consumed equivalent amounts of pup urine. Maternal licking and
      urine consumption are not dependent solely upon the bidirectional exchange of
      water between the dam and her offspring.

PMID- 4040257
TI  - Mouse killing, insect predation, and conspecific attack by rats with differing
      prior aggressive experience.
AB  - Mouse-killing, cockroach predation, and conspecific attack were examined in male
      Long-Evans rats with a history of intraspecific aggression (n = 20), defeat (n =
      20), or no aggressive experience (n = 20). Roaches were more likely to be
      attacked during 30 min tests, and were attacked more rapidly than mice or rats
      regardless of previous social experience of subjects. Rats with aggressive
      experience attacked conspecifics more readily than subjects with defeat or no
      experience. There was no effect of prior experience on mouse-killing. These
      results indicate that mouse-killing does not correspond closely to either
      predation or intraspecific attack.

PMID- 4040256
TI  - Self-selection of dietary casein and soy-protein by the cat.
AB  - Growing specific-pathogen-free kittens were fed for two weeks a choice between
      two complete diets differing only in protein content. When casein diets
      containing 18, 36 and 54% protein were offered in the three possible
      combinations, the kittens consistently avoided the higher casein diets and
      kittens offered the two highest levels of casein significantly reduced their
      total food intake. In one soy-protein choice study, 16, 31 and 63% protein diets
      were each offered with a protein-free (PF) diet. When diets were similar in
      physical consistency, kittens selected similar amounts of both diets with the
      result that the PF:16% group consumed below their requirement of protein. In
      another soy-protein experiment the 16, 31 and 63% protein diets were offered in
      their three possible combinations. Kittens in all three groups selected similar
      amounts of both diets. Except for their avoidance of casein, the kittens did not
      regulate in a consistent manner their intake of protein and therefore, behaved
      very differently from the rat in the self-selection of dietary protein.

PMID- 4040258
TI  - The effects of vincristine on milk secretion and milk composition in the goat.
AB  - The effects of intramammary injection of vincristine on milk secretion were
      studied in goats. Vincristine inhibited milk secretion in a dose-dependent
      manner, with 1 mg decreasing milk yield to approximately 40% of previous yield.
      The inhibition was reversible with a full recovery of milk yield within a few
      days. During inhibition, there were significant changes in milk composition; Na
      concentration increased and K and lactose concentrations decreased, while Cl
      concentration was unaffected. Fat, protein, citrate and Ca concentrations all
      increased, particularly as milk yield was recovering. The concentrations in milk
      of the two lactose precursors, glucose and UDP-galactose, both increased. During
      inhibition and recovery, the secretion rates of three major components of milk,
      lactose, protein and fat, were affected to a different degree, with lactose
      secretion being inhibited to the greatest extent. The results are discussed in
      relation to the action of vincristine on milk secretion. It is proposed that
      vincristine's actions include a specific inhibition of lactose synthesis.

PMID- 4040259
TI  - [Radiologic diagnosis of hemangioblastoma].

PMID- 4040260
TI  - Sow (Sus scrofa) follicular fluid: prostaglandin content and effect on the
      motility of isolated oviducts.
AB  - The present study provides information regarding the effects of the sow
      follicular fluid (FF) on the motility of isolated segments of swine and rabbit
      oviducts. In addition, the concentration of prostaglandins (PGs) F2 alpha, E2 and
      E1 in the follicular fluid of sow ovaries isolated at different stages of the sex
      cycle as well as the generation of the same PGs by walls of ovarian follicles in
      early and late proestrus, in estrus, in metestrus and in diestrus, were explored.
      The stimulatory contractile effect of proestrous FF in isolated segments of sow
      fimbria was antagonized by polyphloretin phosphate (PPP), a PG receptor blocker
      and by indomethacin, an inhibitor of PG synthesis. The positive inotropism evoked
      by the FF was mimiked by bradykinin and the influences of both interventions were
      similarly antagonized by PPP. It appears plausible that the inotropic effect of
      the preovulatory FF on the sow fimbria could be not only by PGs already present
      in the fluid, but also by the stimulation of the synthesis of tubal PGs by
      follicular fluid bradykinin. The FF also stimulated the ampullary tubal segments
      isolated from proestrous sows whereas the same volume of FF depressed
      significantly the isometric developed tension of rabbit ampulla. The total
      concentration of the three PGs in the FF from late proestrous follicles was
      significantly greater than that of the same PGs in the other two stages of the
      sex cycle (early proestrus and diestrus), whereas the concentration of each PG
      (PGE2, PGF2 alpha or PGE1), did not differ within any of the stages of the cycle.
      Furthermore, the total amount of the three PGs produced by the walls of follicles
      from late proestrous ovaries was also significantly greater than that generated
      by ovarian follicles from early proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. In
      summary the results document that the concentration of each one of the PGs
      measured (E2, E1 or F2 alpha) attained maximal values at the time of ovulation.
      The results regarding the effects of FF on the inotropic activity of fimbrial and
      ampullary segments of sow oviducts also suggest that the fluid might play a
      physiological role, favouring the capture and transfer of ova into the oviducts
      at the moment of ovulation.

PMID- 4040261
TI  - [Combination of nifedipine and diltiazem in refractory coronary spasm. Evaluation
      by provocation tests].

PMID- 4040262
TI  - [Importance of Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of heart defects].
AB  - Doppler ultrasound is now an established noninvasive method in cardiology. The
      most important indications are: 1. stenosis/insufficiencies of
      atrioventricular/semilunar valves, 2. dysfunction of artificial valves, 3. atrial
      and ventricular septal defects. The information obtained from Doppler ultrasound
      lends itself to quantitative or qualitative analysis. There is general consensus
      about the qualitative interpretation of Doppler ultrasound data, whereas
      quantitative analysis is still debated. A critical analysis of Doppler ultrasound
      data is a conditio sine qua non for correct interpretation.

PMID- 4040263
TI  - Ruptured vasa praevia.

PMID- 4040264
TI  - Phase I trials of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HDara-C) and HDara-C plus
      cisplatin in patients with advanced malignancies.

PMID- 4040265
TI  - Cytarabine-cis-platin interactions in patients with advanced cancer.

PMID- 4040266
TI  - [Overdiagnosis of botulism].

PMID- 4040267
TI  - Bernard-Soulier syndrome in two Afrikaner families.
AB  - The hereditary autosomal recessive disorder of platelet function known as the
      Bernard-Soulier syndrome (B-SS) is described in two Afrikaner families.
      Consanguinity exists in one of the families, which is descended from Trekboer
      Afrikaners who migrated from Rustenburg, Transvaal, to Angola in 1876 and then to
      SWA/Namibia in the 1920s. Since both families have French Huguenot ancestors and
      since there are 7 confirmed and 5 reported cases of B-SS in these two families,
      founder effect may be operating and causing this rare disorder to occur more
      frequently in this population group than would otherwise be expected.

PMID- 4040268
TI  - Intraoperative direct portography to achieve selective distal splenorenal shunt.
AB  - Repeated direct portography was performed during distal splenorenal shunt in 13
      consecutive patients with esophageal varices due to cirrhosis of the liver. The
      roentgenogram taken at the completion of all operative procedures demonstrated
      incomplete disconnection between the mesentericoportal and gastrosplenic
      compartments in four patients. After further disconnection of the veins, the
      third portogram showed a successful isolation of both systems. The flow state
      through and the size of the shunt were appropriate in all instances on the
      roentgenograms. The shunt was patent in all patients, which was confirmed before
      discharge from the hospital. Hepatic encephalopathy was encountered one year
      after operation in one patient with the poorest hepatic functions. Esophageal
      varices disappeared or nearly disappeared at the time of discharge in ten
      patients. The remaining varices at discharge in another three patients completely
      disappeared within six months after operation. None of the patients experienced
      variceal bleeding during the follow-up period of three to 25 months. The results
      may indicate that repeated intraoperative direct portography is useful in
      achieving a selective distal splenorenal shunt.

PMID- 4040269
TI  - Successful total extirpation of hemangioblastoma originating in the medulla
      oblongata.
AB  - Hemangioblastomas of the medulla oblongata were successfully excised in two
      separate cases. The uncertainties of this procedure involve the value of
      preoperative radiation therapy, the relationship between the tumor and the
      medulla oblongata, and the surgical techniques themselves. Cardiovascular and
      respiratory disorders often complicate this type of surgery, and postoperative
      dysphagia is a frequent sequela.

PMID- 4040270
TI  - Intracerebellar hemorrhage due to cerebellar hemangioblastoma.
AB  - A rare case of a bleeding from a cerebellar hemangioblastoma is described. The
      tumor was diagnosed preoperatively with a computed tomography scan and a
      vertebral angiogram. The characteristic computed tomography scan findings and
      probable mechanism of bleeding are discussed.

PMID- 4040271
TI  - Protective effect of prostaglandin E1 on ischemia-induced acute renal failure in
      dogs.
AB  - The protective effect of intravenous administration of exogenous prostaglandin E1
      on ischemia-induced acute renal failure was investigated in dogs. The parameters
      studied were renal cortical blood flow, renal function, survival time, and
      histologic changes. The model was prepared by clamping the renal artery for 1 or
      2 hours. Renal cortical blood flow was measured by the hydrogen washout
      technique. After prostaglandin E1 administration, renal cortical blood flow
      increased significantly and renal function was maintained at relatively high
      levels with low serum creatinine and moderate creatinine clearance levels. Mean
      survival time increased markedly from 4.1 to 35.2 days by administration of
      prostaglandin E1. Ischemia-induced acute renal failure is usually accompanied by
      zonal necrosis of renal tubules prominent in the cortex. However, occurrence of
      these histologic damages could be virtually prevented by prostaglandin E1
      administration (i.e., only minimal tubular necrosis was found in a small area of
      the cortex). We conclude from this study that postischemic administration of
      exogenous prostaglandin E1 does provide a certain degree of protection for the
      kidney, which may have a great clinical implication in improving the success rate
      of kidney transplantation, especially of cadaver donor kidneys.

PMID- 4040272
TI  - [Syndrome of high-altitude hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - The authors report the clinical, ECG, PCG and echocardiography data obtained in
      mountaineers suffering from associated essential hypertension and high-altitude
      pulmonary hypertension. Demonstrate the advisability of distinguishing the high
      altitude hypertrophic cardiomyopathy syndrome (HHCS) in part of mountaineers with
      essential hypertension living permanently at an altitude of 3600-4200 m over the
      sea level. The HHCS is marked by a lot of the clinical and echocardiographic
      signs which are regarded as characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,
      particularly by appreciable asymmetrical hypertrophy of the interventricular
      septum. Criteria for the differential diagnosis between the HHCS and idiopathic
      hypertrophic subaortic stenosis are suggested. The possible mechanisms by which
      the HHCS develops in part of mountaineers are discussed.

PMID- 4040273
TI  - [Disorders of heart rhythm and conduction in dilated and hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathies].
AB  - Idiopathic cardiomyopathies are characterized by diversity of clinical
      manifestations, among which heart rhythm abnormalities are the most common. The
      authors carried out qualitative and quantitative evaluations of heart rhythm
      abnormalities in patients with dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (DCMP,
      HCMP) and compared those abnormalities according to the data of daily ECG
      monitoring. Forty patients with DCMP and 30 with HCMP were examined. In 8 (25%)
      patients with DCMP and in 2 (6.7%) with HCMP, permanent atrial fibrillation was
      recorded. Among patients with sinus rhythm, supraventricular premature heart
      beats were found in 30 (96.8%) patients with DCMP and in 24 (85.7%) with HCMP.
      However, their number during 24 h exceeded 500 in 9 (29%) and in 7 (25%)
      patients, respectively. Supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia (greater than or
      equal to 3 complexes at HR greater than or equal to 100/min) was recorded in 7
      (22.6%) patients with DCMP and in 4 (14.3%) patients with HCMP. Ventricular
      premature heart beats were recorded in 38 (95%) patients with DCMP and in 21
      (70%) patients with HCMP, polytopic in 31 (77.5% and 17 (56.7%), coupled in 227
      (67.5%) and 10 (33.3%), ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia (greater than or equal
      to 3 complexes at HR greater than or equal to 100/min) in 22 (55%) and 5 (16.7%)
      patients, respectively. AV conduction abnormalities among patients with sinus
      rhythm were noted in DCMP and HCMP, in 12 (38.7%) and 1 (3.6%) cases,
      respectively. Thus, heart rhythm abnormalities are often encountered in both
      patients with DCMP and HCMP. However, in patients with DCMP, heart arrhythmias
      are graver and prognostically unfavourable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040274
TI  - [Significance of ultrasonic segmental scanning in the diagnosis of rare heart
      pathology].

PMID- 4040275
TI  - Thyroxine-induced differential mortality of cleft lip mouse embryos: dose- and
      time-response studies of the A/WySn strain.
AB  - Pregnant A/WySn mice, 20 to 30% of whose offspring have spontaneous cleft lip,
      were treated with thyroxine. Following treatment, cleft lip and normal embryos
      died, but cleft lip embryos died at a higher rate. The increased liability of
      cleft lip embryos to thyroxine-induced death was considered as a possible
      experimental route to identify the basic genetic defect that causes cleft lip. A
      time-response study indicated that cleft lip embryos responded more than normals
      following treatment on any of days 7 to 12 of gestation, that there is no sharply
      defined critical period, and that normal and cleft lip embryos do not differ in
      time of maximum sensitivity. A dose-response study showed linear responses of
      normal and cleft lip embryos on a probit-log dose scale, with a common slope and
      LD50's of 1.9 and 1.3 mg respectively. These dose-response properties indicate
      that normal and cleft lip embryos are probably killed by the same mechanism, but
      differ in dosage tolerance. That is, they differ quantitatively, not
      qualitatively. Thyroxine did not significantly change the cleft lip frequency,
      and the difference between normal and cleft lip embryos that leads to cleft lip
      itself is therefore not in the same pathway as that which leads to thyroxine
      induced death. A hypothetical example of the defect basic to both pathways is
      presented.

PMID- 4040276
TI  - Fetus-in-fetu: report of a case.
AB  - A 5 month-old female was brought to our clinic because of diarrhea and abdominal
      distension. A plain radiograph demonstrated a mass with a vertebral column in the
      right upper quadrant of the abdomen. At operation a mass was found to be
      retroperitoneal, well encapsulated, and connected to the abdominal aorta of the
      host by two small vessels; no other connections and adhesions were seen between
      the mass and the host. The ovaries, uterus, and other pelvic and abdominal
      viscera of the host were normal. The mass was diagnosed as a fetus-in-fetu. The
      fetus-in-fetu, encapsulated with an amniotic capsule, was covered with skin and
      had a top with long hair, two protuberances, an amniotic hernial sac, upper limbs
      with syndactylic fingers, a gluteal region, and lower limbs with polysyndactylic
      toes. A brain mass and a spinal cord were identified in the cranial cavity and
      the vertebral canal. Several spinal ganglia and a nerve plexus were found. A
      noselike structure, upper lip, maxillalike bone with teeth, tonguelike structure,
      intestines, ribs, bones of the extremities, and skeletal muscles were also
      identified. A cloacalike cyst was observed to have an opening in the external
      female genitalia. Microscopically, a small number of motor neurons were seen in
      the brain mass and the anterior horn of the spinal cord. In the spinal ganglia,
      ganglion cells were differentiated. The submucosal and myenteric plexuses were
      seen in the intestinal wall. Well-differentiated muscle fibers were often
      accompanied with myelinated nerve fibers. Hematopoiesis was observed in the
      cranial bone marrow. The presence of the sex chromatin was confirmed in the
      nuclei of motor neurons and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Thus, the present fetus
      in-fetu, which was connected to the abdominal aorta of the host by two vessels,
      was a monozygotic twin which developed within its own amniotic cavity.

PMID- 4040277
TI  - Sudden cardiac death in adolescents.

PMID- 4040278
TI  - Release of tissue-type plasminogen activator by platelet-activating factor.

PMID- 4040280
TI  - Effect of Na+, K+ ion concentration on the production of plasminogen activator
      from a melanoma cell line.

PMID- 4040281
TI  - [Progesterone determination in milk].
AB  - Samples of milk were taken every sixty minutes in ten cows for a period of ten
      hours to determine the concentrations of progesterone. The concentrations
      recorded were related to those in the strippings. All these samples furnished
      adequately reliable evidence of the presence of an active corpus luteum, with the
      possible exception of those taken during the last hours prior to milking in some
      cases.

PMID- 4040279
TI  - Urokinase-type plasminogen activator in ascites obtained from the patient with
      mammary cancer.
AB  - Plasminogen activator (ascites PA) was purified from the ascites of the patient
      with breast cancer using lysine-Sepharose, salting out, DEAE Sephadex A-50 and
      anti-urokinase (UK) Sepharose chromatography. The ascites PA was adsorbed on anti
      UK Sepharose and its activity was neutralized by anti-UK IgG fraction. The
      molecular weights of the ascites PA proteins were 70,000, 32,000 and 25,000
      daltons. The ascites PA activated plasminogen and showed amidolytic activity for
      S-2444. Zymograms of ascites PA showed that 70,000 and 32,000 daltons proteins
      had a PA activity. The ascites PA thus contained two types of PAs, one was
      similar to LMW-UK and the other was an UK type tissue PA.

PMID- 4040282
TI  - Sclerotin and lipid in the waterproofing of the insect cuticle.
AB  - In all the cuticles studied waterproofing is effected by extracuticular material,
      a mixture of sclerotin precursors and lipids, exuded from the tubular filaments
      of the pore canals. In Rhodnius larval abdomen it is a layer of thickness similar
      to the outer epicuticle, believed to be composed of 'sclerotin' and wax, in
      Schistocerca larval sternal cuticle and in Carausius sternal cuticle it is
      similar. In Tenebrio adult sternal cuticle of the abdomen, in both the
      extracuticular exudation and the contents of the distal endings of the tubular
      filaments, the wax component is obscured by hard 'sclerotin'. In Manduca larva a
      very thin layer of 'sclerotin' and wax is covered by an irregular wax layer,
      average 0.75 micron, twice the thickness of the inner epicuticle. In Periplaneta
      and Blattella the abdominal cuticle is covered by a soft waxy layer, often about
      1 micron thick, which is mixed with argentaffin material. Below this is a very
      thin waterproof layer of wax and 'sclerotin' continuous with the contents of the
      tubular filaments, which is readily removed by adsorptive dusts. In Apis adult
      abdominal terga free wax plus sclerotin precursors form a thin layer which is
      known to be removed by adsorptive dusts. In Calliphora larva there is a very thin
      layer of the usual mixed wax and sclerotin and below this a thick (0.5 micron)
      layer, lipid staining and strongly osmiophil, likewise extracuticular and exuded
      from the epicuticular channels. This material (which is often called 'outer
      epicuticle') has the same staining and resistance properties as the true outer
      epicuticle on which it rests. In the abdomen of Calliphora adult the
      waterproofing wax-sclerotin mixture forms a thin layer over the entire cuticle
      including the surface of the microtrichia. There is also a thin detachable layer
      of free wax on the surface.

PMID- 4040283
TI  - The transfer of lipid in insects from the epidermal cells to the cuticle.
AB  - The structure of the pore canals and the tubular filaments they contain are
      described in a series of insects and types of cuticle. In all these cuticles the
      tubular filaments arise from the plasma membrane of the epidermal cells and they
      contain argentaffin material, regarded as sclerotin precursors, and lipid
      staining material, regarded as wax precursors. These materials are transferred to
      the inner epicuticle and are exuded over the surface of the outer epicuticle to
      form the waterproofing layer as described in the preceding paper. They are also
      transported to those parts of the endocuticle destined to form hard exocuticle.
      There are no terminations of tubular filaments in the soft cuticle of Manduca
      larva, in the soft expanding cuticle of Rhodnius, and in the non-sclerotized post
      ecdysial endocuticle of Tenebrio. Apis. etc. In the puparium of Calliphora lipid
      appears to be added by the epidermal cells directly and not by way of tubular
      filaments. It is confirmed that lipid is a component of sclerotized cuticle.

PMID- 4040284
TI  - A model for de novo synthesis and assembly of tight intercellular junctions.
      Ultrastructural correlates and experimental verification of the model revealed by
      freeze-fracture.
AB  - The structure and function of intercellular tight (occluding) junctions, which
      constitute the anatomical basis for highly regulated interfaces between tissue
      compartments such as the blood-testis and blood-brain barriers, are well known.
      Details of the synthesis and assembly of tight junctions, however, have been
      difficult to determine primarily because no model for study of these processes
      has been recognized. Primary cultures of brain capillary endothelial cells are
      proposed as a model in which events of the synthesis and assembly of tight
      junctions can be examined by monitoring morphological features of each step in
      freeze-fracture replicas of the endothelial cell plasma membrane. Examination of
      replicas of non-confluent monolayers of endothelial cells reveals the following
      intramembrane structures proposed as 'markers' for the sequential events of
      synthesis and assembly of zonulae occludentes: development of surface contours
      consisting of elongate terraces and furrows (valleys) orientated parallel to the
      axis of cytoplasmic extensions of spreading endothelial cells, appearance of
      small circular PF face depressions (or volcano-like protrusions on the EF face)
      that represent cytoplasmic vesicle-plasma membrane fusion sites, which are
      positioned in linear arrays along the contour furrows, appearance of 13-15 nm
      intramembrane particles at the perimeter of the vesicle fusion sites, and
      alignment of these intramembrane particles into the long, parallel, anastomosed
      strands characteristic of mature tight junctions. These structural features of
      brain endothelial cells in monolayer culture constitute the morphological
      expression of: reshaping the cell surface to align future junction-containing
      regions with those of adjacent cells, delivery and insertion of newly synthesized
      junctional intramembrane particles into regions of the plasma membrane where
      tight junctions will form, and aggregation and alignment of tight junction
      intramembrane particles into the complex interconnected strands of mature zonulae
      occludentes. The distribution of filipin-sterol complex-free regions on the PF
      intramembrane fracture face of junction-forming endothelial plasmalemmae
      corresponds precisely to the furrows, aligned vesicle fusion sites and
      anastomosed strands of tight junctional elements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4040285
TI  - [Lugol's solution and thyroid gland activity in cattle. Determination of the
      total thyroxine in blood plasma as a method for evaluating thyroid gland
      activity].
AB  - The aim of the present investigations was to examine if an intrauterine treatment
      with Lugol's solution in cows influences the activity of the thyroid gland. The
      thyrotropin-stimulation test was used to evaluate the function of the thyroid
      gland. An injection of 10 I. U. thyreotropin induced within 3 hours an increase
      of the T4 blood concentrations which reached maximal values 9 hours after the
      treatment and thereafter decreased again. Thyreotropin concentrations increasing
      from 5 to 30 I. U. led to a dose-dependent increase of the T4 blood
      concentrations. The T4 values obtained by 40 i. U. thyreotropin were lower than
      that induced with 30 I. U. of the hormone. The T4 concentrations increased
      stronger and remained elevated longer in cows pretreated intrauterine with
      Lugol's solution than in untreated control cows. The experiments demonstrated
      that an intrauterine infusion of Lugol's solution may result in an increased
      activity of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 4040286
TI  - [Effect of a combination therapy of cisplatin and local irradiation on a mouse
      fibrosarcoma].
AB  - The authors applied the method of regrowth delay in order to investigate the
      effect of a therapy combination consisting of cis-platinum and irradiation on the
      fibrosarcoma SSK2 in C3H mice. An independent addition of the effects of both
      therapy modalities was found. It could be shown especially that no elective
      radiosensitization of hypoxic tumor cells is caused by cis-platinum.

PMID- 4040287
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy in adolescent and teenage years.

PMID- 4040288
TI  - Proliferative sickle retinopathy in adolescent and teenage years.

PMID- 4040289
TI  - [C1 esterase inhibitor acquired deficiency: apropos of 4 cases].

PMID- 4040290
TI  - Concomitance of urogenital with lymphoid and intestinal malignancies: more than a
      coincidence.
AB  - Concomitance of different primary malignant neoplasms in the same individual has
      been observed and explained by several possible mechanisms. For urogenital
      malignancies in concomitance with lymphoid or with intestinal malignancies some
      data indicate that common etiologic factor(s) with pleiotropic effects may be
      involved. Concomitance of these particular different primary malignant neoplasms
      must therefore be kept in mind in the evaluation of patients' conditions.

PMID- 4040291
TI  - Infectious complications after instrumentation of urinary tract.
AB  - Urethral catheterization is the single most important predisposing factor in the
      development of nosocomial urinary tract infection. Infection rates, etiologies,
      and possible methods of prevention are reviewed. Cystoscopy may be followed by a
      transient bacteremia. It is recommended that patients with positive urine
      cultures who undergo diagnostic cystoscopy receive antibiotic prophylaxis, but
      this is not required in patients with sterile urine. The incidence of urinary
      tract infection following transurethral surgery in patients who have not been
      given prophylactic antibiotics ranges from 6 to 60 per cent. The value of
      antibacterial prophylaxis in TUR, is still somewhat controversial. The incidence
      of infection and the value of antibacterial prophylaxis in prostatic biopsy
      appear to be related to the technique (transperineal or transrectal) used for the
      biopsy. It is too early to assess the infection risks associated with relatively
      new urologic procedures, such as ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrostomy.
      Nevertheless, any procedure that crushes or manipulates a potentially bacteria
      harboring stone carries at least a theoretical risk of infection.

PMID- 4040292
TI  - Uterine rupture in the mare.

PMID- 4040293
TI  - [Penetrating capacity of bull spermatozoa in vitro].
AB  - Studies were carried out on the penetrating capacity of bull spermatozoa in an
      estrous secretion, a modification of Kremer's method being employed by the
      authors. The new method seemed to be more readily applicable in the practice. It
      was found that the penetrating capacity was highest following thawing of semen at
      39 degrees C, the pH value of the secretion being 6.8-6.9. The adding of the
      cytochrome C enzyme to the spermatozoa at the rate of 1 mg/cm3 of such semen
      increased the penetrating capacity by 22 per cent. When the thawed semen was
      allowed to stay for fifteen minutes the penetrating capacity of spermatozoa in
      the estrous++ secretion dropped by 33 per cent.

PMID- 4040294
TI  - [Hemostatic indices of oncological patients with different forms of jaundice].
AB  - Such parameters of blood coagulability as levels of antithrombin III,
      plasminogen, plasminogen activator and fibrinogen were compared in patients
      suffering cancer of different localization (51), cholelithiasis (52), mechanical
      jaundice of uncertain etiology (57), acute biliary pancreatitis (17), cirrhosis
      of the liver (39) and healthy subjects. More cases of cancer and mechanical
      jaundice caused by factors other than cancer showed elevated levels of
      antithrombin III and fewer cases--normal ones. This was matched by relatively
      frequent normal concentrations of plasminogen, plasminogen activator and
      fibrinogen and a less frequent increase in the said levels. Changes in the levels
      of the four parameters of hemostasis were relatively more frequent in cancer
      patients.

PMID- 4040295
TI  - [Myocardial contraction and coronary circulation in experimental myocardial
      hypertrophy].

PMID- 4040296
TI  - [Chronotherapy of patients with chronic dust-induced bronchitis].

PMID- 4040297
TI  - [Diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 4040298
TI  - Splenectomy for thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 4040299
TI  - Accessory spleens: clinical significance with particular reference to the
      recurrence of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 4040300
TI  - Tumors of the spleen.

PMID- 4040301
TI  - Trichuris muris: structure and formation of the egg polar plugs.
AB  - The structure and development of the polar plugs of Trichuris muris eggs were
      observed by light and electron microscopy. Initial stages in plug formation
      commenced in the spermatheca of the adult female where two polar papillae became
      delimited from the remainder of the oocyte cytoplasm. These papillae exhibited a
      discrete PAS positive reaction and were regarded as prospective plug regions from
      which cytoplasmic granules were absent. Glycogen rosettes, initially concentrated
      in these prospective areas, were later transformed into an irregular fine network
      of chitin-protein microfibrils. This arrangement of microfibrils was in contrast
      to that of the surrounding collar region which displayed a distinct lamellate
      organization. The fully developed polar plug was of lower electron density than
      the shell. Each plug was covered externally by the vitelline layer and lined
      internally by the lipid layer of the eggshell.

PMID- 4040302
TI  - [Developments in perinatal mortality in the last 25 years].

PMID- 4040303
TI  - [Cardiotocography practice. Case 7].

PMID- 4040304
TI  - Prolactin inhibits oestradiol-induced luteinizing hormone release at the
      pituitary level.
AB  - The direct action of prolactin (Prl) on pituitary LH secretion was studied by
      examining its effect on oestradiol (E2)-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) release
      from the rat pituitary in a perifusion system and determining the oestrogen
      receptor (ER) content of the pituitary in hyperprolactinaemic female rats. When
      the pituitary from rats in pro-oestrus was perifused with medium alone, 10(-7) M
      E2 significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the LH concentration in the
      effluent by 60-130% of the basal level, but in medium containing 1 microgram/ml
      Prl it did not cause LH release. In hyperprolactinaemic rats produced by
      implanting 2 anterior pituitary glands under the kidney capsule, the ER content
      of the cytosol of the pituitary (53.2 +/- 2.9 fmol/pituitary) was significantly
      increased (P less than 0.05), but that of the nuclei (6.8 +/- 0.2 fmol/pituitary)
      was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) compared with the contents in rats
      in pro-oestrus. These data suggest that Prl has a direct suppressive effect on LH
      secretion from the pituitary in the rat, and that decreased translocation of ER
      into the nucleus might relate to impaired LH release by E2 from the pituitary of
      hyperprolactinaemic rats.

PMID- 4040305
TI  - Temporary increase in the circulating prolactin levels during and after
      consecutive administration of bromocriptine-mesilate (CB-154) in female mice.
AB  - Changes in circulating prolactin (Prl) levels during and after consecutive
      administration of bromocriptine-mesilate (CB-154; 0.2 mg/day), a potent
      suppressor of pituitary Prl secretion, were studied in virgin mice of SHN and
      BALB/c strains. Plasma Prl levels were lower in CB-154-treated SHN mice than in
      vehicle-treated controls until the first week of the daily treatment. However,
      the circulating Prl increased in the experimental mice and surpassed the control
      levels thereafter. The elevated levels of Prl were maintained throughout the
      treatment, then they decreased to control levels 1 month after the termination of
      the treatment. In BALB/c mice given CB-154, the pattern of changes of the
      circulating Prl levels was almost the same seen in SHN mice; a significant
      suppression of the Prl levels was observed on the 2nd day of the treatment and
      the levels increased and reached to the control levels thereafter. The results
      have demonstrated that in mice the inhibition of pituitary Prl secretion by CB
      154 did not persist throughout the period of consecutive administration.

PMID- 4040306
TI  - Four cases of XX males: endocrine and clinical features.
AB  - G-banded chromosome preparations from four phenotypically male patients resulted
      azoospermic at semen analysis, showed no evidence of Y chromosome in 46,XX female
      constitution. At the andrological examination, the only common finding in them
      was the presence of very small testes. Serum levels of basal LH, FSH, prolactin
      and testosterone were evaluated. A subnormal response by testicular Leydig cells
      to HCG was observed. The LH and FSH responses to LHRH were similar to those of
      XXY controls, and the variation of prolactin levels after sulpiride stimulus was
      in the normal range. Seminal, histological and endocrine investigations show the
      primitive origin of the hypogognadism.

PMID- 4040307
TI  - The adrenergic innervation of the guinea pig ovary during prenatal and postnatal
      periods.
AB  - The pattern of adrenergic nerves was visualized and norepinephrine (NE)
      quantified in guinea pig ovaries from fetal day 50 to term and on days 1, 5, 10,
      20 and 28 postnatally. Before birth, there were a few perivascular adrenergic
      nerves and correspondingly low ovarian NE levels. After birth and through day 20,
      nerves gradually grew into adjacent stroma. By day 28, there was a proliferation
      of beaded adrenergic nerves around blood vessels and into adjacent stroma, which
      was reflected by significantly increased ovarian levels of NE. These findings are
      discussed in relation to antral follicle development, atresia, and interstitial
      gland formation in the ovaries of prepubertal guinea pigs.

PMID- 4040308
TI  - Substructures of paired helical filaments from Alzheimer's disease
      neurofibrillary tangles.
AB  - Presented studies reveal that each of the approximately 10 nm filaments forming
      the paired helical filaments (PHF) is made up of four protofilaments. Each of the
      protofilaments is a beaded structure, consisting of globules connected by
      longitudinal bars. A cross-view of PHF shows eight globules linked by transverse
      bars. The transverse bars are shorter than the longitudinal bars. Comparison
      between PHF and neurofilament protofilaments indicates structural differences
      between these profiles, i.e., the globules making the PHF protofilaments are
      larger and the longitudinal bars are longer than those in the normal
      neurofilaments. A three-dimensional diagram of PHF structure is presented.

PMID- 4040309
TI  - The human Eustachian tube lumen in children. I. The isthmus.
AB  - A study of Eustachian tube measurement in infants and children is presented. The
      study comprised 53 Eustachian tubes from normal temporal bones and 17 Eustachian
      tubes from temporal bones harbouring acute and secretory otitis media. The
      temporal bones underwent histologic serial sectioning. The lumen of the
      Eustachian tube isthmus was measured with the aid of a grid mounted on a
      microscope. These measurements show: A) the Eustachian tube isthmus lumen does
      grow and enlarge slightly with age; B) each age group presents a considerable
      range in area, compatible with a natural biological distribution; C) no
      statistical difference was found in the size of isthmus lumens obtained from
      temporal bones which had been affected by acute or secretory otitis media, when
      compared with lumens of Eustachian tubes coming from non-pathological ears. This
      comparison took into consideration both age and physiological distribution.

PMID- 4040310
TI  - Cis-diaminedichloro platinum ototoxicity. An experimental study.
AB  - Four groups of guinea pigs received different doses of cis-platinum. SEM and TEM
      showed a direct relation between the dose and the damage. The first row of OHC is
      the first one to be damaged. The IHC are more resistant than the OHC. The pattern
      of destruction is similar to the one produced by the aminoglucoside antibiotics.

PMID- 4040311
TI  - Induction of human labor at term: uterine activity, inducibility, duration and
      neonatal jaundice.
AB  - A total of 821 patients, 39-40 weeks pregnant, was obstetrically normal at
      admission. In 212 of them intra-uterine pressure (IUP) was monitored before and
      during inducing labor by oxytocin, in 212 patients delivery was also induced by
      oxytocin but not monitored, in 197 by combining oxytocin and amniotomy, and 200
      had spontaneous delivery. Inducibility could be predicted by uterine baseline
      activity and a 50 mu i.v. shot of oxytocin, together with determination of
      cervical status and placental location. The duration of labour induction was
      affected by parity, placental location and cervical status, but was predicted
      only to a minor degree by baseline activity and uterine oxytocin sensitivity.
      Amniotomy did not affect caesarean, section rate. The newborn child benefited
      from IUP monitoring: fewer transfers to pediatrics were necessary, there was less
      neonatal jaundice and fewer blood exchanges. It is assumed that if labor is not
      monitored through IUP, oxytocin may cause neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia through
      episodes of increased uterine resting pressure.

PMID- 4040313
TI  - The psychosocial impact of high risk pregnancy.

PMID- 4040312
TI  - [New derivatives of 7- and 8-member perhydrocyclic compounds. II. Studies on the
      effect on the central nervous system and circulatory system of new derivatives of
      perhydro-1,4-oxazepine, perhydro-1,4-diazepine, perhydro-1,4,5-oxadiazepine and
      perhydro-1,5-oxazocine containing the 2-guanidinoethyl group].

PMID- 4040314
TI  - The effects of antimitotic and microfilament disrupting agents on functions of
      isolated guinea-pig parietal cells.
AB  - In isolated guinea-pig parietal cells pretreated for 60 min with the H2
      antagonist ranitidine, the antimitotic agents colchicine and vinblastine, the
      microfilament-disrupting agent cytochalasin B resulted in a concentration
      dependent inhibition of histamine-stimulated acid secretion up to 80%. Ranitidine
      reduced histamine binding to the membrane located H2-receptor. The anti
      cytoskeletal agents inhibited the cellular histamine uptake but did not effect
      the histamine methyltransferase activity which was significantly reduced by
      ranitidine. The data suggest that cytoskeletal elements like microtubules and
      microfilaments are of very specific functional significance not only in the
      secretory process of the parietal cell but also for cellular transport
      mechanisms.

PMID- 4040315
TI  - [Effects of combination chemotherapy with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)
      (CDDP) on renal function in patients with urogenital malignancies].
AB  - The renal function in 23 patients with advanced urogenital cancers (10
      testicular, 8 uroepithelial, 3 prostatic cancers and 1 penile cancer) treated
      with a total of 3 or 4 cycles of combination chemotherapy including CDDP was
      examined prospectively, by measuring of creatinine clearance (Ccr), fractional
      excretion of beta 2 microglobulin (FE beta 2 MG) and urinary N-acetyl-beta
      glucosaminidase (NAG). Patients with testicular cancers (group 1) who received
      the cumulative CDDP dose of 360-1966 mg (on average 868 mg), the decrease in Ccr
      and increase in FE beta 2 MG and NAG were temporary during each chemotherapy
      cycle. However, in the overall course, after the cumulative dose exceeded 600 mg,
      higher beta 2 MG excretion persisted and after the cumulative dose exceeded 800
      mg, Ccr decreased to 30% of the pretreatment level. This suggests cumulative
      delayed, irreversible renal damage. The severity of decrease in Ccr paralleled
      the increase in cumulative CDDP dose. Patients with urogenital cancers other than
      testicular cancer (group 2) who received the cumulative CDDP dose of 80-480 mg
      (on average 217 mg), and who had decreased Ccr and tubular damage prior to
      treatment, even though the cumulative dose was lower than in group 1, changes in
      Ccr, FE beta 2 MG and NAG were almost in the same magnitude as in group 1.
      Determination of NAG is useful for detection of the early change in the tubules
      several days after CDDP administration, while that of beta 2 MG is useful for
      detection of the chronic damage of renal tubules after several cycles of CDDP
      chemotherapy. CDDP nephrotoxicity is characterized by dose-dependent tubular
      damage. Although renal injury may not be evident during the early course of
      treatment, repeated courses of CDDP may lead to clinically serious chronic renal
      failure.

PMID- 4040316
TI  - Squamous metaplasia of the trigone in women with recurrent cystitis syndrome.
AB  - Urocystic mucosal biopsies of the white patch on the trigone in 44 women
      complaining of dysuria and frequency with or without bacteriuria showed varying
      degrees of squamous metaplasia as well as submucosal fibrosis. The patients with
      more frequent episodes of such symptoms in the past had more severe squamous
      metaplasia with submucosal fibrosis. Introital bacteria were found in almost all
      patients with mild or moderate development of squamous metaplasia, but not in
      those with severe lesions. These facts suggest that introital bacteria may be one
      of the causative factors for the initiation and early development of these
      abnormal mucosal changes. However, the further progression to severe mucosal
      alteration seems to be independent of any bacteria and this severe mucosal
      alteration may result in recurrence of such symptoms.

PMID- 4040317
TI  - A rare case of adenocarcinoma of bladder following augmentation
      enterocystoplasty.
AB  - This is a report of a case of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma found 20 years
      after bladder augmentation ileoplasty. The origin of this tumor was proved to be
      the ileal part of bladder augmentation. Autopsy revealed metastatic lesions in
      the stoma (sigmoid conduit), lungs, liver, left femur, adrenal glands and lymph
      nodes. A review of the literature revealed only one other such case. This is a
      rare case of adenocarcinoma in the ileal part of bladder augmentation.

PMID- 4040318
TI  - Urinary tract calculi in pregnancy.

PMID- 4040319
TI  - Improved evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by biventriculography with
      axial projection.
AB  - To delineate the precise anatomic abnormalities of the interventricular septum
      (IVS), mitral valve (MV), and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) in patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), we used axial biventriculography (BVG)
      (hepato-clavicular projection: angled BVG) to examine 17 patients with HCM and
      four with concentric hypertrophy due to systemic hypertension. We also examined 9
      of these 21 patients with conventional left anterior oblique (LAO) BVG (non
      angled BVG). The IVS and along axis of the LV cavity when measured by angled BVG
      were significantly longer than when measured by non-angled BVG. The IVS, MV, and
      LVPW were better seen in profile in angled than in non-angled BVG. In two
      patients with HCM with obstruction (HOCM), systolic anterior motion of the
      anterior leaflet of the MV was readily identifiable with angled BVG, which is
      usually not the case with non-angled BVG. Thus, angled BVG is superior to
      conventional LAO BVG in the angiographic assessment of patients with HCM.

PMID- 4040320
TI  - Usefulness of Doppler echocardiography for determining hemodynamic improvement
      with intravenous verapamil in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4040321
TI  - Trans fatty acids in human milk lipids: influence of maternal diet and weight
      loss.
AB  - Geometric and positional isomers of octadecanoic acid in milk expressed during
      the first 9 weeks of lactation were determined for mothers delivering prematurely
      (PT) and at term (FT). Total C18:1 concentration was lower in PT than FT milk.
      C18:1 trans (elaidic acid) content was higher in PT and FT colostrum compared
      with subsequent milk samples. No relationship was observed between C18:1 trans
      level in milk and oleic acid, linoleic acid, total fatty acid levels, or volume
      of milk expressed. While gestational age and lactational stage appeared to affect
      the trans fatty acid pattern, the overriding influence was rate of maternal
      postpartum weight loss. Effect of weight loss on milk trans fatty acid levels was
      independent of maternal diet. Trans fatty acid content of milk as a function of
      recent maternal fat intake was also demonstrated. This study indicates that
      infants receiving human milk ingest levels of trans fatty acids reflecting short
      and long term maternal diet.

PMID- 4040322
TI  - Declining fertility in England and Wales as a major cause of the twentieth
      century decline in mortality. The role of changing family size and age structure
      in infectious disease mortality in infancy.
AB  - The decline in infectious disease mortality in England and Wales beginning about
      1880 has been attributed to improved nutrition, hygiene, and sanitation. Such an
      explanation does not adequately explain the lack of improvement in infant and
      diarrheal disease mortality before 1900 nor the abrupt subsequent decline. A
      hypothesis was proposed that the decline in fertility rate was a major cause of
      the decline in infant mortality by raising the median age at infection. The
      hypothesis could only be tested indirectly. A review of morbidity data
      demonstrates the importance of family characteristics on the median age at
      infection for measles, pertussis, and common respiratory illness. The association
      of parity with infectious disease mortality supports the hypothesis. A method was
      developed for estimating the change in birth order distribution resulting from
      declining fertility. Using 1949-1950 data, it was shown that declining fertility
      could account for at least a 24% decline in postneonatal mortality due to
      bronchitis and pneumonia. Age-specific measles mortality rates are consistent,
      with an increase in age at infection. Declining fertility appears to have played
      a major role in the decline in infectious disease mortality in England and Wales
      by increasing the median age at infection.

PMID- 4040323
TI  - A simple randomized response device.

PMID- 4040324
TI  - College of pharmacy-teaching hospital relationships: report of a survey.
AB  - The results of surveys conducted by the American Association of Colleges of
      Pharmacy (AACP) and the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP) to
      investigate the extent and causes of problems in relationships between colleges
      of pharmacy and the pharmacy departments in their affiliated teaching hospitals
      are presented. For the AACP study, questionnaires were mailed to either the dean
      or the pharmacy practice department chairman of all 72 colleges, and a telephone
      interview was subsequently conducted with most of them. For the ASHP study,
      interviews were conducted with 67 directors of pharmacy in the colleges'
      principal affiliated teaching hospitals. Problems identified by the colleges
      related to quality or extent of services and finances. Most directors of pharmacy
      stated that they derived benefit from their affiliation with a college of
      pharmacy. The relationship between colleges of pharmacy and their teaching
      hospitals is relatively healthy and generally better than expected.

PMID- 4040325
TI  - College of pharmacy-teaching hospital relationships: panel discussion.

PMID- 4040326
TI  - Medicine and law. A symbiotic relationship?

PMID- 4040327
TI  - Cryoprecipitate therapy in amniotic fluid embolization.

PMID- 4040328
TI  - Sibs with the fetal akinesia sequence, fetal edema, and malformations: a new
      syndrome?
AB  - Pena and Shokeir [J Pediatr 85:373-375. 1974] first described a syndrome
      characterized by multiple ankyloses, camptodactyly, facial anomalies, and
      pulmonary hypoplasia, which was later termed Pena-Shokeir I syndrome. Recent
      evidence suggests that a more accurate designation for this condition is the
      fetal akinesia sequence, which is almost certainly a heterogeneous entity. We
      describe sibs who were diagnosed as having Pena-Shokeir I syndrome but who did
      not have the muscular or anterior horn cell changes characteristic of other
      infants with the fetal akinesia sequence. In addition, both sibs had fetal edema,
      the first sib had coarctation of the aorta, and the second had polydactyly and
      thyroid hypoplasia. We suggest that this case provides further evidence for
      heterogeneity in the fetal akinesia sequence and may represent a provisionally
      unique syndrome.

PMID- 4040329
TI  - Human lymphoblastoid interferon in the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian
      malignancies: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and antitumor activity of
      low doses of human lymphoblastoid interferon in 36 patients with measurable
      disease in whom higher priority treatment methods had failed. All but one had
      surgically confirmed advanced disease and had undergone initial treatment with a
      multiagent chemotherapeutic regimen in combination with cisplatin; four patients
      had also received radiation therapy. Their age range was 28 to 74 years. All had
      Gynecologic Oncology Group performance grade 2 or better (Karnofsky, 50% and
      above). Human lymphoblastoid interferon was administered at 5 megaunits/m2
      intramuscularly, for 5 days per week (Monday through Friday) for 6 consecutive
      weeks. Patients who exhibited response or stable disease at 6 weeks were placed
      on a regimen of maintenance therapy at the same dose level for 2 days per week
      (Monday and Tuesday), for up to 12 months or until progression. Twenty-eight
      patients were evaluable for response: two with complete responses (7.1%), three
      with partial responses (10.8%), 14 with stable disease (50.0%), and nine with
      increasing disease (32.0%). Among the cumulative adverse effects, fatigue was
      most common, followed by moderate leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Other observed
      adverse effects consisted of severe nephrotoxicity in two patients and myocardial
      infarction in one patient. It appears that therapy with human lymphoblastoid
      interferon may have cytostatic and possibly cytotoxic effects in this group of
      patients, with acceptable adverse reactions.

PMID- 4040330
TI  - Vasopressin withdrawal produces hypotension in the spontaneously hypertensive
      rat.
AB  - In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto
      controls (WKY), prolonged intravenous infusions of either arginine vasopressin
      (AVP, 8 mU X kg-1 X min-1) or phenylephrine (PE, 20 nmol X kg-1 X min-1) resulted
      in similar rises in arterial pressure. Heart rate fell greatly in the WKY but not
      in the SHR. Withdrawal of the PE infusion resulted in moderate decreases in blood
      pressure and increases in heart rate; these responses were similar in SHR and
      WKY. At 5 h after PE withdrawal, blood pressure and heart rate returned to basal
      values. In contrast, withdrawal of the AVP infusion was associated with greater
      falls in blood pressure and rises in heart rate. Blood pressure and heart rate in
      both the SHR and the WKY at 5 h after AVP were significantly different from their
      respective basal values. The effects of AVP withdrawal on either blood pressure
      or heart rate were significantly greater in the SHR than in the WKY. At 5 h after
      the withdrawal of AVP, blood pressure in the SHR was reduced to normotensive
      levels. These results suggest that the withdrawal effect was specific to AVP, was
      more marked in the SHR, and might not result from only the rise in blood pressure
      seen during the intravenous infusion of the pressor agent.

PMID- 4040331
TI  - Management of nipple discharge by clinical findings.
AB  - In a review of 249 office patients who complained of nipple discharge, breast
      nodularity and duct ectasia was the cause in three quarters. The clinical
      diagnosis was made by observing that more than one duct was involved and by the
      color of the discharge. On average, the patients were 10 years younger than those
      with cysts and 20 years younger than those with carcinoma. In half, the discharge
      could persist or recur for months or years. Nipple discharge was not commonly
      associated with carcinoma, and when it was, the carcinoma was almost always
      palpable. Nipple discharge, including bloody discharge, should be regarded as a
      sign of a benign breast disorder, not of breast cancer. Duct papillomas can be
      recognized by exploring the single profusely discharging duct, regardless of the
      color of the discharge. Other than patients with an obvious lump, the only
      patients who require surgical exploration are those with a single profusely
      discharging duct, not because cancer is a significant possibility but merely to
      rid the patient of the nuisance of the continuing discharge from a duct
      papilloma. Of 249 patients with nipple discharge, breast nodularity and duct
      ectasia was the cause in 75 percent. The median age of these patients was the mid
      30s. The discharge was chronic or recurring in half. Only 4 percent of all the
      patients with nipple discharge had an associated breast cancer. When cancer was
      present, an obvious lump was usually palpable. Bloody discharge was much more
      likely to be associated with benign breast disorders than cancer. A single
      profusely discharging duct should be explored regardless of the discharge color
      because of the likelihood of finding a duct papilloma.

PMID- 4040332
TI  - The middle ear mucosal immune system in otitis media with effusion.
AB  - The mucous membrane of the middle ear cavity in otitis media with effusion has a
      number of immunobiological mechanisms capable of defending the organ. A humoral
      immune mechanism, with all the attributes of a local mucosal immune system,
      appears to be present and capable of preventing viral and bacterial access to
      middle ear tissue. Putative cells of a cell-mediated immune response also appear
      to be present, and the distribution of T cells and B cells and T-helper and T
      suppressor cells is described. The exact role of these cells in either cell
      mediated immunity or delayed hypersensitivity remains to be defined in otitis
      media. Lymphocyte--macrophage interaction is briefly described and may represent
      an important aspect of immune modulation in the middle ear in otitis media with
      effusion. Finally, the effect of middle ear supernatants on natural killer cell
      activity is discussed. Serous effusions appear to augment natural killer cell
      activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes.

PMID- 4040333
TI  - Fluid and fibrosis in the human middle ear.
AB  - Temporal bones from 12 cases of adult otitis media with effusion were studied for
      the process of fibrosis. There were three types of fibrotic courses, including
      total replacement of fluid and complete obliteration of middle ear spaces. Thus,
      the author concluded that effusion, tissue proliferation, fibrosis, and adhesions
      of the tympanic membrane are sequential findings of otitis media with effusion.

PMID- 4040334
TI  - Secretory otitis and pneumatization of the mastoid process: sexual differences in
      the size of mastoid cell system.
AB  - Seventy-nine children (41 girls and 38 boys) were subjected to tympanometry nine
      times from the age of 2 years to the age of 7 years. In addition, otoscopy was
      performed, and the children's otologic history was recorded. At the age of 7
      years, roentgenograms were taken of the mastoid process, and the area of the air
      cell system was measured by planimetry. The smallest cell systems were found in
      ears with a history of secretory otitis or chronic tubal dysfunction--a finding
      which supports the environmental theory of pneumatization. Boys had significantly
      smaller cell systems (mean, 7.5 cm2; range, 2.75-16.75) than girls (mean, 9.0
      cm2; range, 2.5-15.7). The degree of middle ear pathology was significantly
      higher in boys, as expressed by the total tympanometric score. The more
      pronounced middle ear pathology in boys was caused by more frequent and severe
      episodes of upper respiratory tract infections. The analysis of the sex
      differences provides substantial support of the environmental theory of
      pneumatization, since upper respiratory tract infections in childhood often cause
      tubal dysfunction and secretory otitis, conditions that disturb the normal
      process of pneumatization and result in hypocellularity.

PMID- 4040335
TI  - Mucociliary dysfunction in experimental otitis media with effusion.
AB  - To investigate the morphologic changes of the eustachian tube mucociliary
      transport systems, experimental otitis media with effusion was induced by immune
      complex injection into the bullae of experimental animals. Horseradish peroxidase
      was chosen as an antigen because of its high antigenicity and traceability under
      light and electron microscopy. Seventy-three guinea pigs and 41 chinchillas were
      divided into three groups: active Arthus group, passive Arthus group, and control
      group. Animals were killed under general anesthesia from the first to 30th day
      after the injection. Within 5 days after injection, effusions were observed
      consistently in all animals, but in only 80 per cent on the 7th day and in only
      50 per cent after the 10th day after injection. The most conspicuous findings
      were that the interciliary space of the mucociliary system was diffusely occupied
      by an electron-dense mucus, and the upper part of the ciliary shafts were tightly
      glued together. These features seem to indicate rheologic alterations of the
      mucus and a disorder of its coupling to the cilia. This study strongly suggests
      that the mucociliary coupling disorder caused by altered rheologic properties of
      the mucus causes clearance dysfunction of the eustachian tube, resulting in
      middle ear effusion. The various inflammatory products contained in the middle
      ear effusions elicit a persistent vicious cycle of inflammatory reactions in the
      tubotympanum.

PMID- 4040336
TI  - Pumping and clearance function of the eustachian tube.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between mucociliary and
      muscular clearance in the eustachian tube. Displacement of various viscosities
      and volumes of a colored fluid through the tube was observed endoscopically in
      cats. To test ciliary clearance, the fluid was placed in either the tympanum or
      the mastoid bulla. The interval between the instillation and beginning of
      discharge of the fluid from the pharyngeal orifice of tube was measured.
      Clearance time was prolonged with fluids having high viscosities, and the
      clearance time from the tympanum was shorter than that from the mastoid bulla. To
      test muscular clearance, the tensor veli palatini muscle was stimulated
      electrically to simulate swallowing, and the number of contractions necessary for
      massive discharge of the fluid was counted. Massive discharge occurred only with
      low viscosity fluid placed in the tympanum, whereas small amounts of highly
      viscous fluid were cleared by linear discharge. The authors concluded that when
      the volume of middle ear effusion was small, the fluid was cleared by mucociliary
      clearance. When the volume of fluid was large, the low viscosity fluid was
      cleared by muscular clearance only, while highly viscous fluid was cleared both
      by ciliary and muscular clearance.

PMID- 4040337
TI  - Age and adenoid size in relation to adenoidectomy in otitis media with effusion.
AB  - A previously reported study showed that adenoidectomy resolved effusions in
      chronic bilateral otitis media with effusion in 36 to 46 per cent of 103
      children. This work includes 52 additional cases and assesses the effect of age
      and adenoid size in relation to adenoidectomy. Pre-operative lateral
      cephalometric radiographs showed the adenoid size and postnasal space airway.
      Surgery was allocated randomly into three groups: adenotonsillectomy,
      adenoidectomy, and no surgery. In addition, in all cases a unilateral myringotomy
      and ventilating tube insertion were performed. The ear not operated upon was
      assessed for clearance of the effusion at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively.
      Following adenoidectomy the effusion resolved in the ear not operated upon in 31
      to 45 per cent of cases assessed after 1 year. Tonsillectomy conferred no
      additional benefit. There was a trend for improved clearance of effusions in
      children more than 6 years of age, compared with those less than 6 years of age.
      There was also a trend for improved clearance after removal of larger adenoids
      from children with smaller postnasal space airways, but this was only significant
      for 3 months postoperatively.

PMID- 4040339
TI  - [Monitoring changes in the heart rate of the premature fetus during tocolysis
      with the beta-adrenomimetics partusisten and Pre-par].

PMID- 4040338
TI  - Treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion: results of tympanostomy tubes.
AB  - Insertion of tympanostomy tubes to provide prolonged aeration and drainage of the
      tympanum in cases of chronic secretory otitis media has become the most commonly
      performed operation in children. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of
      current treatments of chronic secretory otitis media, the authors undertook a
      randomized clinical trial with four treatment arms: myringotomy alone,
      tympanostomy tubes, adenoidectomy and myringotomy, and the combination of
      adenoidectomy and tympanostomy tubes. This report describes the preliminary (one
      year) outcome in the group of children who were treated with tympanostomy tubes.
      The observed average differences between the myringotomy and tympanostomy tube
      groups were small, with the exception of one variable (time to first recurrence).
      Although the clinical importance of these differences remains to be established,
      the authors believe they are substantial enough to justify continued use of
      tympanostomy tubes in the primary surgical therapy of chronic secretory otitis
      media, when medical therapy and observation indicate the need for drainage to
      improve hearing or correct anatomic deformities of the tympanum.

PMID- 4040340
TI  - Teratological examination of Wofatox 50 EC (50% methylparathion) on pheasant
      embryos.
AB  - Wofatox 50 EC is a widely used experimental insecticide, which can expose the
      pheasants (non-target organisms) during the plant protection practice. The test
      material was employed in 4 different aqueous emulsions, of which the 2 lowest
      level (0.2 and 0.4%) corresponded to the concentrations used in plant protection.
      The total volume of injected emulsions was 0.1 ml per egg on the 12th d of
      incubation. The macroscopic results showed a dose-dependent maldevelopment
      (generally cervical lordosis and scoliosis, cyllosis and sporadic thoraco
      gastroschisis).

PMID- 4040342
TI  - [Physiology of hemostasis].

PMID- 4040341
TI  - Permeability studies of the guinea pig placental labyrinth. II. Tracer permeation
      and freeze-fracture of fetal endothelium.
AB  - Permeability of the fetal endothelium within the guinea pig placental labyrinth
      is studied by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and ionic lanthanum as
      diffusion tracers. The paracellular transport of HRP is restricted by the
      occluding junctions of the fetal endothelium. In contrast, ionic lanthanum
      readily permeates most of the intercellular junctions and rapidly infiltrates the
      basal lamina. Freeze-fracture replicas reveal zonulae occludentes connecting the
      fetal endothelial cells. The network of the zonulae occludentes is variable,
      exhibiting highly complex areas as well as single strand interconnections. A
      correlation between the permeability studies and freeze-fracture findings is
      discussed.

PMID- 4040343
TI  - Parasites in lungs of dead equids in Kentucky: emphasis on Dictyocaulus
      arnfieldi.
AB  - Prevalence of natural infections of parasites from the lungs of 488 dead
      Thoroughbreds in Kentucky was investigated. The horses varied from 1 to 32 years
      of age; 419 horses were from 215 farms and 69 horses were from 68 individual
      sources for which a specific farm was not identified. Examinations of the lungs
      were made from Mar 1, 1983 through Feb 29, 1984. Dictyocaulus arnfieldi was
      recovered from 56 (11%) of the horses. Other parasites found were larvae of
      Parascaris equorum in 37 (8%) and of Habronema/Draschia in 67 (14%) of the
      horses. The possible effect of ivermectin treatment on the prevalence of D
      arnfieldi in the lungs is discussed. Presence of D arnfieldi in 20 other selected
      dead equids was also investigated.

PMID- 4040344
TI  - Allergic bronchopulmonary curvulariosis.
AB  - A patient with clinical and roentgenographic findings suggestive of allergic
      bronchopulmonary disease who presented with recurrent pulmonary infiltrates with
      peripheral eosinophilia was identified. Sputum cultures were positive for
      Curvularia lunata. Total serum IgE was elevated, and intracutaneous skin testing
      with C. lunata was positive. Serum precipitins against C. lunata were present
      with specific IgE and IgG antibody indexes elevated. These studies provide
      further Immunologic characterization of this uncommon disorder.

PMID- 4040345
TI  - Age-related variation of respiratory chemosensitivity in monozygotic twins.
AB  - To examine age-related variations in respiratory chemosensitivity to hypoxia and
      hypercapnia, the magnitudes of within-pair variances for ventilatory responses to
      hypoxia and hypercapnia were measured in 38 pairs of male monozygotic twins. Mean
      values for the slope factor of end-tidal PO2-ventilation hyperbola (A) were
      larger in Group I (13 pairs with a mean age of 16.3 +/- SD 0.9 yr) than those in
      Group II (12 pairs with a mean age of 29.8 +/- 6 yr), and Group III (13 pairs
      with a mean age of 46 +/- 7.2 yr). The slope factors for end-tidal PCO2
      ventilation line (S) were similar among the 3 groups. Within-pair variances for
      A, A/body surface area (BSA), and Vo (asymptote for ventilation when end-tidal
      PO2 is infinite) were larger in Groups II and III than in Group I. Within-pair
      variances for S and S/BSA were also larger in Groups II and III than in Group I,
      whereas within-pair variances for B (intercept with end-tidal PCO2) were similar
      among the 3 groups. These results indicate that variations for respiratory
      chemosensitivity to hypoxia increase during the period from adolescence to
      adulthood and stay at a similar level thereafter. Variations of hypercapnic
      chemosensitivity also increase during this period, attenuating thereafter;
      however, the variation is 7 times larger than that of hypoxic chemosensitivity in
      the third and fourth decades.

PMID- 4040346
TI  - Use of chloramphenicol in the United States.

PMID- 4040347
TI  - [Apical hypertrophic myocardiopathy. Apropos of 10 cases].
AB  - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a recently defined subgroup of primary
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ten new cases are studied. The electrical features
      (anomalies of repolarisation) were constant and giant negative T waves were
      observed in 3 out of 10 cases. Two-dimensional ultrasonography confirmed the
      diagnosis in every case; the optimal views consisted of 4 cavity scans obtained
      by the apical approach. When angiography was performed (7 cases out of 10), it
      confirmed the ultrasonographic findings and was able to eliminate any coronary
      artery lesions. The patients had a mean age of 48.3 years with a marked male
      predominance (sex ratio of 0.8) and all of the patients are alive with a mean
      follow-up of 3.4 years. The functional handicap was moderate (class III: 1 case,
      class II: 5 cases and class I: 4 cases) and did not progress during the period of
      follow-up. The family surveys performed revealed that apical hypertrophy can be
      integrated into the spectrum of segmental hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In two
      cases, this survey revealed the coexistence in the same family of segmental
      hypertrophy with different topography. The long term prognosis of this disease is
      unknown and the authors consider that the risk of ventricular arrhythmia
      justifies routine rhythmological evaluation in order to guide subsequent
      treatment.

PMID- 4040348
TI  - [Diagnosis and echocardiographic course of infectious endocarditis in obstructive
      cardiomyopathy].
AB  - A typical case of advanced obstructive cardiomyopathy in a young subject was
      revealed by Streptococcal mitral valve endocarditis and was diagnosed by one and
      two dimensional echocardiography, which revealed a pedunculated vegetation on the
      large mitral valve and rupture of the chordae of the small mitral valve. This was
      complicated by biventricular heart failure, peripheral arterial embolism in the
      leg due to migration of the vegetation which disappeared on the repeat
      echocardiography and pulmonary embolism with arterial clot emboli due to heparin
      induced thrombocytopenia. This condition resolved without requiring cardiac
      surgery. Patients with obstructive cardiomyopathy should be treated routinely
      with prophylactic antibiotics, particularly when dental treatment is required.
      Echocardiography has become an essential examination in the diagnosis of this
      disease and its complications, especially in cases with infectious endocarditis.

PMID- 4040349
TI  - Timing of combined hyperthermia and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea or cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum in BD IX rats with BT4A tumours.
AB  - Groups of 7-10 evaluable BD IX rats with the neurogenic BT4A tumour on the right
      hind leg were treated with waterbath hyperthermia (44 degrees C, 60 min) in
      combination with 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) 20 mg/kg or cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) 3 mg/kg i.p. at different sequences and timing
      within +/- 24 hr. Tumour responses were evaluated by tumour doubling time and
      clinical criteria, toxicity by toxic deaths, weight loss, and local skin
      reactions. With both BCNU and cis-DDP, tumour response was markedly dependent on
      timing; the greatest effects were obtained giving hyperthermia just after the
      drug. Local side effects were not different in the timing groups, but cis-DDP
      general toxicity was most severe when cis-DDP was given just before hyperthermia.

PMID- 4040350
TI  - Effect of cis-platinum on kidney cytochrome P-450 and heme metabolism: evidence
      for the regulatory role of the pituitary hormones.
AB  - A novel action of the gonadotropic hormones of the adenohypophysis on the
      regulation of kidney heme metabolism and cytochrome P-450 concentrations is
      described. The treatment of rats with cis-platinum for 7 days caused a greater
      than twofold increase in the microsomal cytochrome P-450 and heme concentrations
      in the kidney. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of the microsomal
      preparation revealed increased levels of both apocytochrome P-450 and heme in the
      molecular weight region corresponding to cytochrome P-450. In hypophysectomized
      rats, similar increases in heme and the cytochrome contents in the kidney were
      observed. Conversely, the treatment of rats with human chorionic gonadotropin
      (hCG) fully reversed the effect of cis-platinum on heme and cytochrome P-450
      concentrations. The cellular basis of increases in concentrations of heme and the
      hemoprotein was explored by measuring the incorporation of [14C]glycine-labeled
      hemoglobin heme into the kidney microsomal heme fractions. In comparison with the
      control rats, the specific 14C activity of heme in microsomal fraction was not
      increased. Moreover, the effect of cis-platinum on kidney cytochrome P-450
      appeared to be unrelated to alterations in the activities of the rate-limiting
      enzymes of heme biosynthesis and degradation pathways, delta-aminolevulinate
      synthetase, and heme oxygenase, respectively. On the other hand, ferrochelatase
      activity and the concentration of total porphyrins in the kidney were profoundly
      altered by cis-platinum treatment; a twofold increase in ferrochelatase activity
      and a marked reduction (40%) in the total porphyrin concentration were observed.
      Also, the activities of uroporphyrinogen-I synthetase and delta-aminolevulinate
      dehydratase were decreased in cis-platinum-treated animals. The latter effects
      reflect a direct inhibitory action of cis-platinum. It appears that the cis
      platinum-mediated increase in the microsomal heme concentrations involves an
      accelerated rate of heme production as a consequence of increased ferrochelatase
      activity. This, in turn, could increase the production of cytochrome P-450. It is
      suggested that the anterior pituitary hormones control the concentration of the
      cytochrome P-450 in the kidney, and this process may be interrupted by cis
      platinum.

PMID- 4040351
TI  - Accessibility of sulfhydryl residues induced by cytochalasin B binding and
      conformational dynamics in the human erythrocyte glucose transporter.
AB  - Studies with intact cells have implicated essential sulfhydryl groups in the
      carrier-mediated glucose transport of human erythrocytes. In an attempt to
      identify and characterize such essential sulfhydryl residues we have studied the
      interaction of p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) with a purified glucose transporter
      preparation (band 4.5) from human erythrocytes, in the presence and absence of
      its ligands, and the effects of this interaction on the binding of cytochalasin B
      (CB) to the transporter. At least 3 mol of PCMB reacted per mol of this
      preparation. A portion of the reaction was significantly enhanced in the presence
      of cytochalasin B. This enhancement was a saturable function of CB concentration,
      and was half-maximal at a CB concentration equal to the dissociation constant for
      the CB binding to the preparation. This CB-sensitive, PCMB reaction product
      comigrated with the band 4.5 on lithium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. An excess of D-glucose did not affect the PCMB reaction by
      itself in the absence of CB, but totally abolished the CB-induced enhancement of
      the PCMB reaction. PCMB inhibited the CB binding activity of the transporter
      preparation, and this inhibition was also enhanced in the presence of CB. These
      results suggest that CB binding perturbs the conformational dynamics of the
      glucose transporter resulting in an exposure of at least two sulfhydryl residues
      to PCMB reaction, and that some of these CB-sensitive sulfhydryl groups are
      essential for CB binding to the transporter.

PMID- 4040352
TI  - [The evaluation of single administration of cisplatin in non-small cell carcinoma
      of the lung].
AB  - The effects of chemotherapy by single administration of Cisplatin were studied in
      26 patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. There were 22 males and 4
      females with a median age of 63 years. 21 cases were epidermoid carcinoma, 4
      cases were adenocarcinoma and 1 case was atypical carcinoid. Cisplatin 20 mg/m2
      with hydration and diuresis was given daily for 5 consecutive days. The course
      was repeated every 3 weeks. Partial response was observed in 4 patients (3
      epidermoid carcinoma and one atypical carcinoid). The response rate was 19%. Side
      effects induced by Cisplatin were gastrointestinal toxicity including vomiting,
      nausea and appetite less, bone marrow toxicity and renal damage. These were not
      so severe, and reversible. Gastrointestinal toxicities were controlled
      successfully by corticosteroids. In 12 patients gastrointestinal toxicities were
      not observed. We conclude that Cisplatin is effective for non-small cell
      carcinoma, especially for epidermoid carcinoma. Hematologic toxicities of
      Cisplatin were not so severe. Therefore, combination chemotherapy including
      Cisplatin would improve the quality of life of patients suffering from non-small
      cell carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 4040353
TI  - Ulcerating tumor involving the auricular area.

PMID- 4040354
TI  - Epidemiology of facial clefting.
AB  - An analysis was performed of patients with facial clefts notified between 1960
      and 1982 to the Liverpool Congenital Malformations Registry. From 1960-82 there
      were 325 727 births in the area surveyed and 544 cases of facial clefting were
      notified. When 88 patients with recognised syndromes and multiple congenital
      anomalies were excluded, the overall prevalence of facial clefts alone was 1.4
      per 1000 total births. This group was then classified further into 137 cases of
      cleft lip alone, 166 cases of cleft lip and palate, and 153 cases of cleft palate
      alone. The prevalence of these groups per 1000 total births is 0.42, 0.51, and
      0.47 respectively. There were some fluctuations in annual prevalence with rises
      being observed in the mid and late 1960s and mid and late 1970s. There was a
      noticeable male predominance in the cleft lip and cleft lip and palate groups of
      1.52:1 and 1.98:1 respectively, with a 1:1 ratio in the cleft palate group. There
      were no significant differences in birthweight and mean maternal age in the three
      groups. In the cleft palate group, however, there was a significant trend towards
      an increase in the frequence of conception in the second half of the year. There
      was a maternal history of epilepsy in 4.4% of the cleft lip and 3% of the cleft
      lip and palate groups but only in 1 patient (0.6%) in the cleft palate group. The
      study illustrates the importance of environmental factors in the aetiology of
      facial clefting.

PMID- 4040355
TI  - Intolerance to cisplatin--a case report.
AB  - A patient who had a systemic reaction to cisplatin chemotherapy had a reaction to
      subsequent i.c. and i.v. test doses. Notwithstanding she had a more severe
      systemic reaction during a further course of cisplatin chemotherapy.

PMID- 4040356
TI  - [Quantitative informational estimation of the degree of liver damage on a model
      of chronic alcoholic intoxication].
AB  - In the rat liver at a chronic alcoholic intoxication produced with various doses
      of ethanol, a double phased picture of informational characteristics has been
      revealed in the cellular nuclei under a linear increase of the dose. An analysis
      of corresponding distribution of the hepatocytic nuclei has been performed
      according to their size and informational characteristics. On this base, the
      limiting dose of ethanol is estimated for development of the hepatic alcoholic
      lesion.

PMID- 4040357
TI  - Plasminogen activator activity levels in patients with Behcet's syndrome.
AB  - We studied the plasminogen activator levels in plasma samples of 37 patients with
      Behcet's syndrome. A significant decrease of plasminogen activator activity level
      was shown by the euglobulin lysis time method, the amidolytic activity level
      (Testzym method), and the fibrin plate method. Such a decrease may be associated
      with the severity of Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 4040358
TI  - Perinatal outcome of induced labour.

PMID- 4040359
TI  - Diurnal variation in oxygen consumption of laboratory rats.
AB  - Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured in Porton albino rats using a closed
      circuit apparatus. The groups studied were controls, cold-adapted animals, and
      those which had accumulated brown adipose tissue as a result of a cafeteria diet
      with a high energy content. It was possible to show in each group studied a
      difference in VO2 according to the time of day at which it was measured. This was
      consistent within each group studied. The diurnal variation shown (higher in the
      morning than in the afternoon) is characteristic of nocturnal animals.
      Measurement of VO2 then must be made within the same time-period or integrated
      over 24 h. Spurious correlations may otherwise occur.

PMID- 4040360
TI  - Characterisation of rat tumour cell hybrids: procoagulant and fibrinolytic
      activities.
AB  - The formation of lung colonies after i.v. injection of highly metastatic rat
      mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MAT 13762) was greatly reduced by concurrent
      treatment of rats with heparin. The procoagulant activity (PCA) of these cells,
      and of a non-metastatic adenocarcinoma (DMBA-8) has therefore been measured.
      These have been compared with PCA expressed by MAT 13762 cell derivatives
      including a non-metastatic hybrid clone (MAT 13762 X DMBA-8), its metastatic
      revertant, and clones selected in vivo from lung metastases. Potent PCA was
      expressed on intact MAT 13762 cells and in their spent culture media, the latter
      being sedimentable and associated with shed membrane vesicles. Cell-derived PCA,
      unlike thromboplastin, was equally effective in factor VII-deficient and normal
      bovine plasma. There were, however, no major differences in the expression of PCA
      (either cell-associated or shed) between the metastatic and non-metastatic cell
      types studied. Plasminogen activator (PA) production by these cells has also been
      measured. The results are discussed in the context of the possible role of fibrin
      formation and fibrinolysis in the metastatic process.

PMID- 4040361
TI  - Microbiology of chronic otitis media with effusion among Australian Aboriginal
      children: role of Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - Serum, eye secretions, post-nasal swabs, external ear swabs and middle ear
      effusions (MEE) were collected from 131 Australian Aboriginal children with
      chronic otitis media with effusion (COME). The children were all resident in a
      trachoma endemic region. Chlamydia trachomatis was recovered from the MEE of 2
      children. Probable bacterial pathogens were isolated from 34 (12.7%) ears. The
      remainder were sterile (52.4%) or contained normal skin flora (34.9%). Serum and
      secretions were examined by the microimmunofluorescent technique for the
      presence, titre and serotype of anti-chlamydial antibody. Antibody, predominantly
      of the C serotype, was found in a high percentage of sera (80%) and secretions
      (approximately 50%). This serotype is associated with ocular trachoma. It is
      concluded that C. trachomatis is associated with COME among some Aboriginal
      children in this trachoma endemic area.

PMID- 4040362
TI  - The role of mechanistic data in dose-response modeling.
AB  - The results from employing metabolized dose in the case of vinyl chloride
      demonstrate that the delivered dose concept can radically alter the shape of the
      dose-response curve in the observable response range. Simultaneously, it can
      eliminate the obvious bias in low-dose risk estimates that arises from use of an
      inappropriate dose measure, namely, the administered airborne vinyl chloride
      concentration. For formaldehyde, the data regarding covalent binding to
      respiratory mucosal DNA provide the best measure of target tissue exposure that
      is currently available. The results obtained with this dose measure demonstrate
      that incorporation of the delivered dose concept into any of the commonly used
      low-dose extrapolation procedures leads to a unilateral reduction in estimated
      cancer risk associated with the exposure of rats to low airborne formaldehyde
      concentrations. These findings strongly suggest that low-dose risk estimates
      obtained with the administered formaldehyde dose as the measure of exposure are
      biased conservatively, and that regulatory assessments of formaldehyde should
      consider the delivered formaldehyde dose to be the valid and relevant measure of
      exposure. Additional research is, of course, required to refine and elaborate the
      delivered dose concept, especially for human exposures. Nevertheless, this
      concept provides a convenient vehicle for incorporating mechanistic information
      directly into the quantitative risk assessment process in a meaningful and
      relevant manner. Clearly, risk estimates based on delivered dose reflect what is
      known of the underlying biological reality more faithfully than estimates that
      are based solely on unverified assumptions and the findings in chronic bioassays.
      Use of the delivered dose concept should be strongly encouraged, since it can
      help place quantitative risk assessment on a sound and scientifically defensible
      footing.

PMID- 4040364
TI  - The production of 1,2-propanediol in ethanol treated rats.
AB  - Chronic administration of ethanol in the most commonly used experimental diet
      (Lieber, C. S., and DeCarli, L. M. (1976) Fed. Proceed. 35, 1232-1236) resulted
      in the production of 1,2-propanediol within one week of initiation of alcohol
      feeding. After two weeks 1,2-propanediol levels were 8.8 +/- 1.6 nmol/ml in
      alcohol treated animals. No 1,2-propanediol was apparent in pair fed control
      animals at any time during this study. Consistent with the proposed mechanism of
      production of 1,2-propanediol in acetone treated rats (Casazza, J. P., Felver, M.
      E., and Veech, R. L. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 231-236), both liver acetone and
      acetol monooxygenase activities and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate were elevated in
      ethanol treated animals. Acetone and acetol monooxygenase activities were 0.118
      +/- 0.016 and 0.110 +/- 0.016 umol/min/g liver after two weeks of ethanol
      treatment. Acetone and acetol monooxygenase activities in pair fed controls were
      0.016 +/- 0.002 and 0.015 +/- 0.002 umol/min/g liver. beta-Hydroxybutyrate levels
      were highest after one week of treatment; 1.64 +/- 0.12 umol/ml in ethanol
      treated rats and 0.16 +/- 0.02 umol/ml in pair fed controls. Throughout this
      study serum acetol and 2,3-butanediol were less than the detection limits of
      these assays (less than 5 nmol/ml).

PMID- 4040363
TI  - Distinct sites on the G-actin molecule bind group-specific component and
      deoxyribonuclease I.
AB  - Addition of group-specific component (Gc) to G-actin with or without
      deoxyribonuclease I (DNAase) led to formation of binary complexes (Gc-G-actin)
      and ternary complexes (Gc-G-actin-DNAase) respectively. The electrophoretic
      mobility of ternary complexes, as shown by crossed and rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis, was slower than that of binary complexes, although both
      were faster than native Gc. In gradient polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, such
      complexes could again be resolved, apparently on the basis of relative molecular
      size: Gc-G-actin-DNAase (Mr approx. 131000), Gc-G-actin (Mr approx. 98000) and Gc
      (Mr approx. 56000). In contrast, the pI of ternary complex was indistinguishable
      by isoelectric focusing from that of binary complex, even though both were
      clearly more acidic than native Gc. The affinity of Gc for G-actin (affinity
      constant, Ka, 1.9 X 10(8) M-1) was not significantly altered by additional
      interaction with DNAase (Ka, 1.5 X 10(8)M-1), and both binary and ternary
      complexes still bound 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. In addition, the inhibitory
      effect of G-actin on DNAase activity was not discernibly affected by interaction
      with Gc. These results demonstrate that the various molecular forms of Gc can be
      distinguished by physicochemical parameters, and that Gc and DNAase bind to
      distinct sites on G-actin and can interact both independently and
      contemporaneously with this molecule.

PMID- 4040365
TI  - Properties of a membrane-associated benzoate-4-hydroxylase from Rhodotorula
      graminis.
AB  - Membrane fractions of benzoate-induced Rhodotorula graminis hydroxylated benzoate
      in the para position as demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography
      and isotopic thin-layer chromatography. Benzoate-4-hydroxylase activity was
      linear as a function of enzyme concentration (washed membranes) and time, and
      exhibited a pH optimum of 7.6. The enzyme utilized NADPH as a source of reducing
      equivalents, and was stimulated by FAD. The Km's for benzoate and NADPH were
      calculated as approximately 2.9 X 10(-5) M and approximately -1.9 X 10(-5) M,
      respectively. The particulate nature of benzoate-4-hydroxylase together with the
      fact that the enzyme was pteridine-independent indicates that it is distinct from
      the isofunctional enzyme previously described in filamentous fungi.

PMID- 4040366
TI  - PTT.119, p-F-Phe-m-bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-Phe-Met ethoxy HCl, a new
      chemotherapeutic agent active against drug-resistant tumor cell lines.
AB  - PTT.119 [p-F-Phe-m-bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-Phe-Met ethoxy HCl], a new
      synthetic tripeptide, was highly effective against the L-phenylalanine mustard (L
      PAM) resistant (L1210/L-PAM and P388/L-PAM) tumor lines, as well as the sensitive
      L1210 leukemia. Cytolytic activity of PTT.119 against all three leukemias was
      significantly greater than equimolar doses of L-PAM. These in vitro results
      paralleled the significant increases in mean survival times of hosts and, in some
      cases, abrogations of tumor formation observed in the in vivo bioassays of
      PTT.119-treated L1210 and L1210/L-PAM cells. Dose-response studies failed to
      demonstrate cross-resistance to the tripeptide by L-PAM resistant cells. Doses of
      PTT.119 required to reduce the viable fraction by 50% (tissue culture dose 50,
      TCD50) or 100% (TCD100) were 1.3- to 3-fold lower for the L-PAM resistant cells
      than for the L1210 leukemia. In comparison, L-PAM was unable to completely
      eliminate cell survival; 0.2 to 3% of the cells in all three leukemias remained
      viable even at doses of 75 and 163 microM. In similar studies, L1210 leukemia
      cells made resistant to methotrexate (L1210 MTX) and cisplatin (L1210DDP) were
      also completely susceptible to PTT.119; TCD50 values of the two resistant lines
      were 1.94 microM for L1210 MTX and 0.525 microM for L1210DDP compared to 2.38
      microM for the susceptible parent L1210S leukemia. Continuous low-dose PTT.119
      treatment of MJY-alpha mammary tumor cells for 8 months and exposure of L1210
      leukemia to escalating levels of tripeptide for over 100 passages failed to
      select or induce drug-resistant phenotypes in either cell line. PTT.119 appears
      to be a poor mutagen and is unlikely to readily increase the probability of drug
      resistant mutants in the tumor cell populations.

PMID- 4040367
TI  - A study of the protective effect of chloride salts on cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
AB  - In rats NaCl and NH4Cl (25 mmoles/kg, p.o.) were found to be equally effective at
      preventing nephrotoxicity when administered to rats 90 min before cisplatin (5
      mg/kg i.p.) but (NH4)2SO4 did not protect. The severity of nephrotoxicity, taken
      as the maximum elevation in blood urea concentration, showed a high degree of
      correlation with urinary chloride concentration, but not with urinary pH or
      volume. Sodium chloride did not protect against nephrotoxicity when administered
      3 or 24 hr after cisplatin. Sodium chloride showed protection against
      nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin metabolites only at low doses of platinum. For
      animals pretreated with NaCl (25 mmoles/kg) or water p.o. the urinary excretion
      of total platinum, cisplatin and six of the seven metabolites separated by hplc
      was not significantly different between the two treatments during the 0-5-hr
      period post dosing. However, one metabolite, possibly a nephrotoxic hydrolysis
      product, was excreted in significantly smaller amounts in the urine of animals
      pretreated with NaCl (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, in all cisplatin treated
      animals the amount of this species excreted correlated with the severity of
      nephrotoxicity. Whilst this suggests that chloride ions may protect against the
      nephrotoxicity of cisplatin by inhibiting its rate of metabolism this metabolite
      accounts for only 2.5% of the platinum excreted. Furthermore, the data do not
      exclude the possibility that NaCl prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by
      preventing renal ischaemia, which may normally follow cisplatin treatment, or
      that the renal uptake or transport of platinum may be inhibited by NaCl.

PMID- 4040368
TI  - Cisplatin-induced alteration of the copper and zinc content of the rat kidney.

PMID- 4040369
TI  - Augmentation of adriamycin, melphalan, and cisplatin cytotoxicity in drug
      resistant and -sensitive human ovarian carcinoma cell lines by buthionine
      sulfoximine mediated glutathione depletion.

PMID- 4040370
TI  - Chronic treatment with clozapine, unlike haloperidol, does not induce changes in
      striatal D-2 receptor function in the rat.
AB  - Comparison has been made of the effects on brain dopamine function of chronic
      administration of haloperidol or clozapine to rats for up to 12 months. In rats
      treated for 1-12 months with haloperidol (1.4-1.6 mg/kg/day), purposeless chewing
      jaw movements emerged. These movements were only observed after 12 months'
      treatment with clozapine (24-27 mg/kg/day). Apomorphine-induced (0.125-0.25
      mg/kg) stereotyped behaviour was inhibited during 12 months treatment with
      haloperidol. Clozapine treatment was without effect. After 12 months, stereotypy
      induced by higher doses of apomorphine (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) was enhanced in
      haloperidol, but not clozapine, treated rats. Bmax for striatal 3H-spiperone
      binding was elevated throughout 12 months of haloperidol administration, but was
      not altered by clozapine treatment. Bmax for striatal 3H-NPA binding was only
      elevated after 12 months of haloperidol treatment; clozapine treatment was
      without effect. Bmax for 3H-piflutixol binding was not altered by haloperidol
      treatment, but was increased after 9 and 12 months of clozapine treatment.
      Dopamine (50 microM)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was inhibited after 1
      month's haloperidol treatment but normal thereafter. Adenylate cyclase activity
      was not altered by chronic clozapine treatment. Striatal acetylcholine content
      was increased after 3 and 12 months of haloperidol or clozapine intake. These
      findings indicate that the chronic administration of the atypical neuroleptic
      clozapine does not produce changes in brain dopamine function which mirror those
      of the typical neuroleptic haloperidol. In particular, chronic administration of
      clozapine, unlike haloperidol, does not appear to induce striatal D-2 receptor
      supersensitivity. Unexpectedly, clozapine treatment, unlike haloperidol, altered
      D-1 receptor function.

PMID- 4040371
TI  - Serum high density lipoprotein subclasses, testosterone and sex-hormone-binding
      globulin in Trinidadian men of African and Indian descent.
AB  - Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, testosterone and sex-hormone
      binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in 300 men, aged 35-64 years, of African
      and Indian descent who represented a 40% sample of participants in a community
      survey of coronary heart disease in Trinidad. Free testosterone was calculated
      from total testosterone and SHBG. In 113 men, HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol were
      measured by a precipitation technique. Indian men had a significantly lower HDL
      cholesterol concentration than African men (P = 0.003), which is known to be due
      to a reduction in the HDL3 fraction (demonstrable only in younger men in the
      subsample drawn for this study). Testosterone did not differ with ethnic group,
      but SHBG was reduced in Indians (P = 0.03). After allowance for age, ethnic
      group, alcohol consumption and smoking habit, HDL cholesterol was associated
      positively with SHBG (P = 0.025) but was not related significantly to either
      total testosterone or its free and bound components. Serum HDL2 cholesterol was
      associated positively and independently with SHBG (P = 0.001) and total and bound
      testosterone (P = 0.002), whereas HDL3 cholesterol showed no significant
      associations with these factors. Neither SHBG or testosterone afforded an
      explanation for the relatively low HDL and HDL3 cholesterol concentrations in
      Indian men.

PMID- 4040372
TI  - Discrepancy between the different subcellular activities of rat liver catalase
      and superoxide dismutases in response to acute ethanol administration.
AB  - After acute ethanol administration (2.3 g/kg) peroxisomal and extra-peroxisomal
      catalase activities were affected in opposite directions. As long as ethanol was
      present, peroxisomal catalase activity was enhanced, but unaffected by amino
      triazole (AT) injection. Extra-peroxisomal catalase activity was decreased during
      the 24hr following ethanol administration and was also inhibited after AT
      injection. Whereas mitochondrial manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn
      SOD) was unaffected, the cytosolic Cu,Zn-SOD activity was decreased. The time
      course of this decrease suggests that acute ethanol administration affects
      primarily extra-peroxisomal catalase activity, thus rendering cytosolic
      superoxide dismutase more exposed to oxygen derivatives.

PMID- 4040373
TI  - Effect of retinoic acid (RA) and retinyl palmitate (RP) repletion on lymphocytes
      of vitamin A deficient rats.

PMID- 4040374
TI  - [The XX male syndrome].

PMID- 4040375
TI  - Catalase mediated conversion of cyanamide to an inhibitor of aldehyde
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - A minor pathway for cyanamide metabolism catalyzed by catalase is responsible for
      the conversion of cyanamide to an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Catalase
      itself is also inhibited by cyanamide. Both the activation of cyanamide by
      catalase and the inhibition of catalase by cyanamide were blocked in vivo by
      ethanol pretreatment, suggesting that these two processes are closely linked.
      Like other catalase oxidation reactions, the catalase mediated activation of
      cyanamide was inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in vivo and sodium azide in
      vitro. The relative formation of the active cyanamide metabolite was assessed in
      vitro by following the loss of yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase activity with time.
      Inhibition of the yeast enzyme by activated cyanamide was dependent on NAD+ or
      NADP+, a requirement not fulfilled by NADH or NADPH. Although H2O2 inhibited
      yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase in vitro and cyanamide inhibited hepatic catalase in
      vivo, the possible in hepatic H2O2 concentration following cyanamide
      administration does not account for the effects of cyanamide on ethanol
      metabolism. While the cyanamide activating enzyme has been identified as
      catalase, the reaction products of this reaction and, in particular, the
      structure of the active metabolite involved in the inhibition of aldehyde
      dehydrogenase remain unknown.

PMID- 4040376
TI  - Effects of ethanol on the rat brain: ultrastructural alterations in the temporal
      cortex and in the hippocampus.
AB  - Male rats were submitted either to an oral alcohol intoxication or to
      chronological aging. Nervous morphometry shows that chronic alcohol consumption
      induces an increase in the proportion of neurons with dense cytoplasm and an
      increase of the synaptic cleft affecting principally synapses with spherical
      vesicles. The cerebrovascular morphometry revealed that the vascularity enhances
      with chronic alcohol consumption in young animal. The same enhancement is
      observed in aged animals showing thus a parallelism between alcoholised and aged
      animals.

PMID- 4040377
TI  - Acetaldehyde and alcohol levels in pregnant rats and their fetuses.
AB  - Alcohol and acetaldehyde blood levels were measured in chronic alcoholic pregnant
      rats and their fetuses at 15, 19 and 21 days of gestation. Similar ethanol
      concentrations were found in fetal and maternal blood in all gestation periods
      studied, however levels in amniotic fluid were higher than in mother's blood,
      especially in the early stages of gestation. Acetaldehyde concentrations were
      always lower in fetal than in maternal blood although increasing throughout
      gestation. The levels in fetal blood and amniotic fluid compared to maternal
      blood, were ca. 40, 50 and 70% at 15, 19 and 21 days of gestation, respectively;
      those for the placenta and fetal tissues were lower, i.e., 25, 40 and 50%.
      Similar alcohol and acetaldehyde ratios (fetus/mother's concentration) were
      obtained when pregnant non-alcoholic rats were administered cyanamide and ethanol
      (2 g/kg) at 11, 15, 19 and 21 days of gestation. These results demonstrate that
      ethanol freely crosses the placental barrier, but there is a concentration
      gradient of acetaldehyde between mother and fetus which varies with gestation
      age.

PMID- 4040378
TI  - Delayed taste aversion learning in preweanling rats exposed to alcohol
      prenatally.
AB  - Parallels between the behavioral profiles of rats exposed to alcohol prenatally
      and those with hippocampal damage suggest that hippocampal dysfunction may
      underlie some of the behavioral abnormalities resulting from prenatal alcohol
      exposure. Because of possible hippocampal involvement in the acquisition of a
      delayed conditioned taste aversion, this task was assessed in rat pups exposed to
      alcohol prenatally. Long-Evans rats were maintained on liquid diets containing
      either 35% or 0% ethanol derived calories from Days 6-20 of gestation. Pair
      feeding procedures and an ad lib Lab Chow (LC) group were included. Fifteen-day
      old offspring from these three groups were given access to saccharin and then
      injected immediately (0 hr) or 2 hr later with either lithium chloride (LiCl) or
      sodium chloride (NaCl). Immediate pairing of saccharin with LiCl produced a
      marked taste aversion, although this effect was less pronounced in 35% EDC pups.
      In the 2 hr condition, weaker aversions were exhibited and again the 35% EDC
      group showed the least aversion. However, prenatal treatment did not interact
      with the injection interval.

PMID- 4040379
TI  - Negative chronotropic effect of chronic ethanol ingestion in the rat.
AB  - The chronic consumption of ethanol has been correlated with the development of
      arrhythmias. This study looked at the effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on the
      action potential of sino-atrial cells. The studies were carried out on hearts
      excised from male Long-Evans hooded rats, pair-fed on ethanol (E) or control (C)
      liquid diet. The ethanol diet supplied 35-39% of calories as ethanol. The studies
      of isolated sino-atrial tissue were carried out after 18-20 weeks, 30-32 weeks
      and 40-42 weeks on the diet. Sino-atrial cells from E and C rats were compared
      for changes in spontaneous rate, action potential amplitude, time to repolarize
      to -70 mV, and resting membrane potential. At 18-20, 30-32 and 40-42 weeks the
      spontaneous rate of firing of the sinus node was significantly lower in the E
      group as was the maximum response to isoproterenol. The time to repolarize to -70
      mV was longer in E. The endogenous level of catecholamines was also lower in the
      E group.

PMID- 4040380
TI  - Oral self administration of ethanol in free feeding rats.
AB  - The use of animal models to study factors involved in excessive alcohol intake
      has prompted a number of investigators to propose criteria for an optimal model.
      One of these criterion, oral ingestion of intoxicating amounts of ethanol without
      concomitant weight loss and/or food restriction, has proven difficult to fulfill,
      especially when using rats. The following study reports a conditioning paradigm
      which was used to establish oral ethanol self administration in free feeding
      rats. Through initial reinforcement of 5% (v/v) ethanol consumption with 20%
      (w/v) sucrose solution, rats were trained to work for and consume concentrations
      of ethanol up to and including 40%. Blood ethanol levels above 100 mg ethanol/dl
      blood were frequently found. A control group, induced to drink quinine with the
      same procedures, indicated the relative importance of ethanol's pharmacological
      effect in maintaining high levels of self administration. The results show
      ethanol can maintain oral self administration of intoxicating quantities of high
      ethanol concentrations in free feeding rats, when its initial consumption is
      paired with an additional reinforcer.

PMID- 4040381
TI  - Norepinephrine turnover and voluntary consumption of ethanol in the rat.
AB  - The effect of a centrally acting noradrenergic agonist on voluntary ethanol
      intake was investigated in the laboratory rat. Doses of 1.5, 7.5, 15 and 25 mg/kg
      of FLA-136 were administered to animals chronically exposed to ethanol on a free
      choice basis. Administration of the highest dose of the drug brought about a 40%
      reduction in voluntary ethanol intake with no significant effect on total fluid
      consumption. These results would seem to indicate a possible functional
      relationship between rate of norepinephrine turnover and amounts of ethanol
      voluntarily consumed by the laboratory rat.

PMID- 4040382
TI  - A two dimensional model of alcohol consumption: possible interaction of brain
      catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.
AB  - The possible existence of a biological marker system mediating voluntary
      consumption of ethanol in rats has been examined in a series of studies. The
      working hypothesis underlying this research was that acetaldehyde, the primary
      metabolite of ethanol, mediates the positive reinforcing properties of ethanol
      and thus underlies the voluntary consumption of ethanol in both animals and
      humans. We further hypothesized that brain catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase,
      the enzymes controlling the production and elimination of acetaldehyde in the
      brain, may represent a biological marker system underlying the affinity of the
      animals to consume ethanol. Data demonstrating that the activity levels of these
      enzymes are positively correlated with alcohol ingestion seems to suggest that it
      is likely that the enzyme activity can serve as a predictor of the propensity to
      drink alcohol. A predictive model is proposed which describes the modulation of
      voluntary ethanol intake through the activity of these enzymes and their role in
      determining rates of formation and degradation of acetaldehyde in the brain.

PMID- 4040383
TI  - Retinal changes in myotonic dystrophy: a clinicomorphological study.
AB  - This report appears to be the first ultrastructural study of the maculopathy and
      peripheral pigmentary retinopathy in myotonic dystrophy. Nine eyes from five
      patients observed during life are described. The findings were similar in all
      eyes, the retinal pigment epithelium in the macular region containing an
      accumulation of lipofuscin in large hyperpigmented cells. Pigment-laden profiles
      found in the subpigment epithelial space or subretinal space were interpreted as
      an attempt to discharge the pigment. Stress fibres of actin microfilaments were
      thrown into prominence by the irregularity of the pigment epithelium. In the
      periphery migration of retinal pigment cells into the retina occasionally
      resulted in the formation of bone corpuscles around occluded vessels, as occurs
      in retinitis pigmentosa; but more often the clumps were coarser and surrounded
      basement membrane material. Central and peripheral epiretinal membranes were also
      observed.

PMID- 4040384
TI  - Left ventricular gradients in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4040385
TI  - Asthma and allergic aspergillosis in monozygotic twins.
AB  - Monozygotic twins are reported; both had bronchial asthma with type I
      hypersensitivity to Aspergillus fumigatus but only one had type III
      hypersensitivity, together with pulmonary infiltrations compatible with the
      diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. It is suggested that non
      inherited factors other than the intensity of exposure to antigen may be
      important in determining the development of allergic bronchopulmonary
      aspergillosis.

PMID- 4040386
TI  - Investigation and treatment of orogenital ulceration; studies on a possible mode
      of action of thalidomide.

PMID- 4040387
TI  - Solvent neurotoxicity.

PMID- 4040388
TI  - Silastic sling for urethral sphincter incompetence in women.
AB  - Conventional sling materials have numerous disadvantages. A reinforced Silastic
      sling is described and its use reported in 30 patients. There was an 83%
      symptomatic and objective cure of stress incontinence. The advantages of this
      material include its consistent strength, adjustability and ease of removal.

PMID- 4040389
TI  - Combination chemotherapy of ovarian carcinoma with cisplatinum and treosulfan--a
      phase II study.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were treated with a
      combination of cisplatinum and treosulfan. The overall response rate by clinical
      and ultrasound assessment was 86%, but ultrasound was less optimistic in
      assessing 'completeness' of response (48% compared with 67% clinically). The
      median actuarial survival was 21 months. There was a 54.9% probability of
      survival at 43 months in those patients with a complete response and a median
      survival of 15 months in patients with a partial response. The data suggest that
      while short-term survival may depend upon the extent of residual disease, longer
      term survival is determined by response to chemotherapy. The only toxicity of
      note was haematological.

PMID- 4040390
TI  - Location of the maltosyl isothiocyanate binding site on the human erythrocyte
      glucose transporter.
AB  - The covalent affinity probe maltosyl isothiocyanate (MITC) has been used
      previously to identify the glucose transporter of human erythrocytes as a
      component of band 3. By use of limited proteolysis, the site on the Mr 100 000
      protein to which MITC attaches has been localized to a 17 000-dalton region near
      the center of the polypeptide chain which is intimately associated with the
      membrane. The erythrocyte anion transporter, which is probably homologous to the
      glucose carrier, has a corresponding segment which is known to bind the covalent
      affinity label 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid [Ramjeesingh, M.,
      Gaarn, A., & Rothstein, A. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 559, 127-139]. These
      results suggest that, in addition to having structural features in common, the
      two carrier proteins may be quite similar with regard to functional organization.

PMID- 4040391
TI  - Effects of bilayer cholesterol on human erythrocyte hexose transport protein
      activity in synthetic lecithin bilayers.
AB  - In this study, we describe the effects of altered bilayer cholesterol content on
      reconstituted, protein-mediated sugar transport. The system used was the human
      erythrocyte sugar transporter (band 4.5) reconstituted into the bilayers of large
      unilamellar vesicles. Vesicle preparations were formed from synthetic lecithins
      whose bilayer cholesterol content ranged from 0 to 50 mol %. Transport was
      measured by microturbidimetric analysis over the temperature range of 0-65
      degrees C while bilayer physical state was characterized by differential scanning
      calorimetry. Reconstituted transport activity was irreversibly lost between 62
      and 65 degrees C. The Km for reconstituted transport was found to increase only
      slightly with increasing temperature and was not systematically affected by
      bilayer cholesterol content. The most striking observation of this study is that
      over certain critical cholesterol concentrations, as little as a 2.5% change in
      bilayer cholesterol can result in as much as a 100-fold change in Vmax per
      reconstituted protein. Our findings run counter to the view that increasing
      bilayer cholesterol content monotonically transforms a membrane into a state of
      "intermediate fluidity". Abrupt, cholesterol-induced bilayer reorganizations
      occurring at 15-20 and 30 mol % bilayer cholesterol are markedly reflected in
      altered sugar transport rates. Increasing the cholesterol content of crystalline
      distearoyllecithin bilayers inhibits the activity of the reconstituted
      transporter. It is apparent from these studies that bilayer "fluidity" is neither
      the sole nor a major determinant of the Indeed, we find the effect of cholesterol
      on transport activity is independent of its ability to fluidize membranes.

PMID- 4040392
TI  - Structure-function correlation of fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and fatty acyl-CoA
      oxidase.
AB  - We have employed a new pseudosubstrate, beta-(2-furyl)propionyl coenzyme A
      (FPCoA), to study the functional properties of two enzymes, fatty acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase from porcine liver and fatty acyl-CoA oxidase from Candida
      tropicalis, involved in the oxidation of fatty acids. Previous studies from our
      laboratory have shown that the dehydrogenase exhibits oxidase activity at the
      rate of dissociation of the product charge-transfer complex. This raises the
      question of the difference in functionality between these two flavoproteins. To
      investigate these differences, we have compared the pH dependence of product
      formation, the isotope effects using tetradeuterio-FPCoA, and the spectral
      properties and chemical reactivity of the product charge-transfer complexes
      formed with the two enzymes. The pH dependencies of the reaction of FPCoA with
      electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF) for the dehydrogenase and of the reaction of
      FPCoA with O2 for the oxidase are quite similar. Both reactions proceed more
      rapidly at basic pH values while substrate binds more tightly at acidic pH
      values. These data for both enzymes are consistent with a mechanism in which
      enzyme is involved in protonation of the carbonyl group of substrate followed by
      base-catalyzed removal of the C-2 proton from substrate. The C-2 anion of
      substrate may then serve as the active species in reduction of enzyme-bound
      flavin. The deuterium isotope effects for both enzyme systems are primary across
      the entire pH range, assuring that the chemically important step of substrate
      oxidation is rate limiting in these steady-state kinetic experiments. The two
      enzymes differ in the chemical reactivity of their product charge-transfer
      complexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040393
TI  - Reconstitution of the glucose transport activity of rat adipocytes.
AB  - Rat epididymal fat cell membrane proteins were extracted from adipocyte ghosts
      with octylglucoside and incorporated by detergent dialysis into unilamellar
      phosphatidylcholine vesicles approx. 200 nm in diameter. The rate of glucose
      transport into the vesicles under zero-trans conditions was substrate dependent,
      saturable and inhibited by phloretin and cytochalasin B. Their maximum specific
      transport activity was 35.6 mumol/min per mg protein, and their half saturation
      constant for glucose was 15 mM. Glucose transport into the reconstituted vesicles
      was inhibited by only those sugars which competitively inhibited glucose
      transport into intact adipocytes. A major protein component of the vesicles was a
      100 kDa protein which we had previously found to react with the affinity label
      maltosyl isothiocyanate (Malchoff, D.M., Olansky, L., Pohl, S. and Langdon, R.G.
      (1981) Fed. Proc. 40, 1893). Removal of adipocyte ghost membrane extrinsic
      proteins with dimethylmaleic anhydride followed by extraction of the resulting
      membrane pellet with octylglucoside yielded a solution which contained two major
      proteins, of Mr 100 000 and 85 000, with very small quantities of lower Mr
      proteins. Vesicles into which these proteins were incorporated had average
      specific transport activities of 624 mumol/min per mg protein and half saturation
      constants of 22 mM. Our results strongly indicate that the native glucose
      transporter of the rat adipocyte, like that of the human erythrocyte (Shelton,
      R.L. and Langdon, R.G. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 733, 25-33), is a 100 kDa
      protein.

PMID- 4040394
TI  - Specific recognition by the tripeptide lysyl-tryptophyl-alpha-lysine of
      structural damage induced in DNA by platinum derivatives.
AB  - The antitumoral derivative cisPt binds to DNA, as do its inactive analogs, trans-
      and dienPt. Structural damage introduced into DNA after reaction with the Pt
      derivatives were probed by using the peptide LysTrpLys. This peptide was used for
      its preferential binding to single-stranded structures (Brun, F., Toulme, J.J.
      and Helene, C. (1975) Biochemistry 14, 558-563). Phosphorescence lifetime
      measurements show that the Pt-induced heavy atom effects are quite similar in the
      three peptide-DNA-Pt complexes whatever the nature of the Pt derivative used. In
      contrast, fluorescence quenching strongly depends on the nature of the Pt
      derivatives. This quenching was therefore attributed to the stacking interactions
      engaged by the tryptophan residue with nucleic acid bases. A comparison of
      fluorescence quenching data for native and modified DNAs demonstrates that
      modification by dienPt has no effect on stacking interactions and that high
      levels of modifications by trans Pt are required to observe a change in stacking
      efficiency. In contrast modification by cis Pt induces the formation of strong
      stacking sites. The results strongly suggest the existence of locally opened
      regions in DNA modified by cis Pt.

PMID- 4040395
TI  - An electro-optical study of the mechanisms of DNA condensation induced by
      spermine.
AB  - Condensation of DNA by spermine has been studied by electric dichroism, electric
      birefringence and rotational relaxation times at 1 mM ionic strength. Using
      Manning's theory, we found that condensation occurs for a fraction of neutralized
      phosphate charges (r) equal to 0.90, in good agreement with previous studies
      using spermidine, synthetic polyamines and trivalent cations (e.g. Co(NH3)36 +,
      Tb3 +). Our results are compatible with the presence in solution of torus-shaped
      condensed structures in a narrow range of spermine concentration; further
      addition of the polyamine produced precipitation due to the self-aggregation of
      several toroids. For spermine concentrations lower than that required for
      collapse, important changes of the orientation mechanism in the electric field
      and of DNA stiffness were observed. Whereas free DNA was mainly oriented by a
      fast-induced polarizability mechanism, DNA-spermine complexes displayed an
      important permanent dipole component, in the spermine concentration range where
      extension of the DNA molecules was present. The birefringence relaxation times
      suggested that, in the first step, the stiffness of the DNA molecules increased,
      and then, at higher spermine concentration, bending of the DNA molecules occurred
      so that condensation into toroidal particles became possible.

PMID- 4040396
TI  - Large-scale purification of human tissue-type plasminogen activator using
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Tissue plasminogen activator produced by a human melanoma cell line (Bowes), was
      purified from large volumes of supernatant fluid using immunosorbent
      chromatography on monoclonal antibodies, followed by chromatography on lysine
      Sepharose 4B and gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. Immunosorbents based on
      monoclonal antibodies were shown to be preferable to those based on polyclonal
      antibodies for several reasons: efficient binding and desorption, high yield
      along with a high degree of purification. The overall recovery was about 50%. A
      homogeneous sample of single-chain tissue plasminogen activator with a molecular
      weight of approx. 65 000 was obtained as judged by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Amino acid sequence
      analysis revealed two N-terminals in equal yields, corresponding to the long and
      short tissue plasminogen activator structures previously reported by others. The
      pure preparations of tissue plasminogen activator showed specific activities of
      about 200 000 IU/mg protein.

PMID- 4040397
TI  - Isoenzymes of vitamin-K-dependent carboxylase.
AB  - Vitamin-K-dependent carboxylase was prepared from bovine liver, kidney, lung and
      testis and it was checked that these systems obeyed the laws of normal enzyme
      kinetics. Four carboxylatable substrates were obtained from different sources and
      the apparent Michaelis constants of the various carboxylases for these four
      substrates were measured. From the results thus obtained we concluded that
      carboxylase is a group name for a number of isoenzymes which are present in
      hepatic as well as in various non-hepatic tissues.

PMID- 4040398
TI  - Blood group B-specific lectin of Plecoglossus altivelis (Ayu fish) eggs.
AB  - A lectin that agglutinates human blood group B erythrocytes but not blood group A
      and O erythrocytes was isolated from eggs of Ayu sweet fish (Plecoglossus
      altivelis). The lectin also agglutinates Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells but not
      rat ascites hepatoma AH109 or rat sarcoma 150 cells tested. The lectin
      agglutination was most effectively inhibited by monosaccharides with the first
      type of configuration, i.e., L-rhamnose, L-mannose and L-lyxose at a
      concentration of 0.03 mM. The lectin agglutination was moderately inhibited by
      monosaccharides with the second type of configuration, i.e., D-galactose, D
      fucose and D-galacturonic acid at a concentration of 0.4 mM. However, the
      agglutination was not inhibited by various other monosaccharides and
      oligosaccharides that have other types of configuration. The basis for an
      apparent B-specific hemagglutination may be due to the steric similarity of the
      C2 and C4 of the galactosyl series, the B-specific determinant, and the L
      rhamnosyl-Sepharose column and was characterized as a homogeneous low molecular
      weight protein (Mr 14000) with an abundance of hydrophobic amino acids and
      dicarboxylic amino acid.

PMID- 4040399
TI  - In vivo induction of rat hepatic ornithine decarboxylase and plasminogen
      activator by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate.
AB  - Rapid and substantial elevations in ornithine decarboxylase and plasminogen
      activator have been linked to tumor promotion in mouse epidermis and in vitro.
      Systemic administration of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) rapidly
      increased both enzymic activities in rat liver. Pretreatment with either
      cycloheximide or actinomycin D attenuated both enzyme inductions. It is concluded
      that: (1) systemic TPA rapidly induces plasminogen activator and ornithine
      decarboxylase activities in rat liver; and (2) both inductions reflect de novo
      enzyme synthesis.

PMID- 4040400
TI  - Delayed anovulatory syndrome induced by estradiol in female C57BL/6J mice: age
      like neuroendocrine, but not ovarian, impairments.
AB  - These studies describe induction of a delayed anovulatory syndrome (DAS) by
      estradiol (E2) in female C57BL/6J mice. Six days after birth, female mice were
      injected s.c. with 0.1 micrograms estradiol benzoate or oil. Over 90% of the oil
      injected controls exhibited estrous cycles from 2 to 9 mo of age. In contrast,
      60% of the E2-injected mice exhibited estrous cycles at 2 mo of age but were
      acyclic by 9 mo; these mice were considered to have exhibited a DAS, and had
      longer cycles than controls. At 12 mo, ovarian impairments were assessed by
      examining 1) ovulation after s.c. injection of 5 IU human chorionic gonadotropin
      (hCG), and 2) estrous cycles after grafting into young (3-mo-old) hosts.
      Simultaneously, neuroendocrine impairments were assessed by examining 1) the
      surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) induced by E2 implants after ovariectomy, and
      2) estrous cycles after receiving ovarian grafts from 3-mo-old mice. Ovaries from
      DAS and control mice ovulated equally in response to hCG. Ovaries from DAS mice
      grafted into young ovariectomized hosts supported 30% more cycles, of shorter
      period, compared with ovaries from control donors. However, the E2-induced LH
      surge was 50% smaller in DAS mice than in controls. Ovariectomized DAS hosts with
      ovarian grafts from young mice supported 70% fewer estrous cycles, of longer
      period, compared with ovariectomized control hosts with young grafts. We conclude
      that the E2-induced DAS in female mice is not due to ovarian impairments, but
      seems to result from neuroendocrine impairments.

PMID- 4040401
TI  - Prenatal effects on reproductive capacity during aging in female mice.
AB  - The production of live young during successive pregnancies was investigated in
      female CF-1 house mice (Mus musculus) identified at cesarean delivery as having
      developed in utero between 2 male fetuses (2M females) or not next to a male
      fetus (0M females). 2M female mice have previously been found to be exposed to
      higher concentrations of testosterone than 0M females during fetal life,
      presumably as a result of the transport of steroids between contiguous fetuses.
      0M and 2M females were paired with stud males. The males were removed prior to
      delivery of a litter and replaced by other males when the litter was weaned. This
      process was repeated until: 1) a female did not become pregnant within 2.5 mo or
      2) two successive litters were produced in which all of the pups were dead. In
      Experiment 1 females were first mated when 25 days old, and 2M females ceased
      producing litters containing live pups at a younger age and after fewer litters
      than did 0M females; however, many females were terminated from the study as a
      result of producing 2 successive litters of dead young rather than failing to
      become pregnant during a 2.5-mo period. There was a gradual decline in the number
      of live young produced by 0M females as a function of age and parity, but 2M
      females abruptly ceased producing any live young after producing a litter of
      normal size. For the last live litter, there were thus significantly fewer live
      young produced by 0M females than by 2M females. None of these differences were
      observed in Experiment 2, in which 0M and 2M females were mated for the first
      time beginning at 7 mo of age. The 2M females in this experiment ceased producing
      live young at a significantly older age than did the 2M females first mated at
      puberty. In contrast, there was no effect of age at initial mating on the age at
      which 0M females ceased producing live young. This finding suggests that exposure
      of 2M females to elevated titers of testosterone during fetal life results in a
      reduction in reproductive life span if they first become pregnant during the
      pubertal period.

PMID- 4040402
TI  - The glycocalyx of the mouse uterine luminal epithelium during estrus, early
      pregnancy, the peri-implantation period, and delayed implantation. I. Acquisition
      of Ricinus communis I binding sites during pregnancy.
AB  - Mouse uteri were examined during estrus, early pregnancy, the peri-implantation
      period, and delayed implantation to determine whether changes in the surface coat
      of the luminal epithelium could be associated with receptivity of the uterus to
      the presence of blastocyst-stage embryos or blastocyst adhesion. By using
      alkaline bismuth subnitrate to label periodate-oxidized glycols within the
      glycocalyx we were able to measure the thickness and examine the morphology of
      the glycocalyx by electron microscopy. Ferritin-conjugated Ricinus communis
      agglutinin (RCA-I) demonstrated the presence of D-galactose at terminal,
      nonreducing positions within the glycocalyx. A relatively thick (0.06-0.1-micron)
      surface coat was present during estrus, but contained almost no RCA-I binding
      sites. During Day 3 of pregnancy the surface coat remained up to 0.1 micron thick
      and RCA-I binding sites were present. At Day 4 and during delay the glycocalyx
      had a fibrillar appearance, contained RCA-I binding sites, and was reduced to
      0.06-0.08 micron in thickness. During Day 5 of pregnancy the thickness of the
      surface coat was greatly reduced, but there remained uniform lectin binding
      adjacent to the plasma membrane both at sites of blastocyst attachment and
      between implantation sites. The results indicate that the luminal epithelium of
      the mouse uterus acquired RCA-I binding sites during pregnancy and that the
      thickness of the surface coat was greatly reduced at the time of implantation.

PMID- 4040403
TI  - [Effect of chronic emotional stress on lipid peroxidation in the tissues and
      blood of emotional and nonemotional rats].
AB  - The effect of chronic emotional stress on lipid peroxidation (LP) in tissues and
      blood was studied in "emotional" and "nonemotional" rats. In was established that
      the content of LP products in the brain, liver and myocardium, the blood content
      of beta- and pre-beta-lipoprotein hydroperoxides, and peroxide resistance of red
      blood cells were higher in "emotional" than in "nonemotional" animals. The stress
      induced increase in the individual differences as regards LP correlates with the
      intensity of the pathological somatic manifestations.

PMID- 4040404
TI  - [Mechanism of the intensification of the immune response to Staphylococcus in
      mice after the transplantation of primed donor splenocytes].
AB  - Experiments on CBA, C57Bl/6 mice and (CBA X X C57Bl/6)F1 hybrids were made to
      study the mechanism of stimulation of the immune response to staphylococci after
      injection of primed splenocytes. The stimulating action of immune splenocytes was
      reversed after their in-vitro treatment with anti-immunoglobulin serum and
      complement. The stimulant effect was also seen in a semi-allogeneic system
      (adoptive transfer of CBA mice immune cells to (CBA X C57Bl/6)F1 recipients).
      Preincubation of splenocytes with CBA-anti-C57Bl/6-serum and complement prior to
      demonstration of antibody-forming cells did not influence their number in the
      spleen of hybrid recipients injected with immune cells carrying parent genotype
      but decreased this indicator of the immune response in control mice. It is
      concluded that stimulation of the immune response to staphylococci after
      transplantation of primed splenocytes is due to the anamnestic response of
      donor's cells repeatedly stimulated by antigen in the recipient's host.

PMID- 4040405
TI  - [Strains of human gastrointestinal and uterine tumors transplantable into athymic
      mice and rats].
AB  - The authors describe strains of human cancer of the stomach, colon, cervix and
      corpus uteri as well as uterine chorionepitheliomas transplanted into nude mice
      and rats. The histological appearance of these strains is in full accordance with
      that of primary tumors. Electrophoresis of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes
      indicates that the strains mainly consist of human cells. The strains are
      transplanted in nude animals at various time intervals. The strains of human
      gastric cancer are transplanted from animal to animal in a month and those of
      corpus uteri in a week.

PMID- 4040407
TI  - [Effect of ionol on the stomach lesion in rats during immobilization stress].
AB  - Intragastric administration of the antioxidant ionol (50 mg/kg/a day) for 7 days
      did not prevent the formation of ulcers or massive hemorrhages to the gastric
      mucosa in immobilized animals, increased the number of petechiae and lowered that
      of erosions. In this case the parietal pH increased in the stomach and dropped in
      the remaining divisions of the alimentary tract. The combined action of stress
      and ionol brought about marked hypocoagulation. Ionol exerted a protective action
      on the stress-induced activation of lipid peroxidation in the stomach but did not
      produce any such effect on the liver.

PMID- 4040406
TI  - [Prevention of the stress-induced decrease in natural killer activity by using a
      beta-adrenergic blocker and vitamin E].
AB  - The data are provided on the efficacy of the use of the beta-adrenoblocker
      inderal and the natural antioxidant vitamin E as agents that prevent the
      immobilization stress-induced depression of the activity of natural killers. The
      problems of the prevention of the action of excess catecholamines and activation
      of lipid peroxidation as pathogenetic component in the development of stressor
      depression of the activity of natural killers are discussed.

PMID- 4040408
TI  - [Prevention of disorders in the contractile function of the nonischemic portion
      of the heart during infarction by preliminary adaptation to brief stress
      exposures].
AB  - Preliminary adaptation to short-term exposures to immobilization stress prevents
      to a large extent the depression of contractile function and the lowering of the
      right atrium myocardium resistance to hypoxia and excess Ca2+ in experimental
      infarction of the left ventricle. This fact agrees with the concept that
      disturbance occurring in the nonischemic heart during infarction is caused by
      stress-induced damage.

PMID- 4040409
TI  - Drug-dependent and non-drug-dependent antiplatelet antibody in drug-induced
      immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - The mechanism of drug-dependent immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura (DITP) was
      investigated by studying the sera of four patients with classic DITP (two with
      quinidine-, one with acetaminophen-, and one with phenazopyridine-dependent
      antiplatelet antibody) using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay with 125I
      staphylococcal protein A. Two forms of antiplatelet antibody could be
      demonstrated: one that required drug to bind to platelets and one that bound to
      platelets in the absence of drug. Drug-dependent antiplatelet antibody required
      the simultaneous addition of drug and the Fc domain of the drug-dependent IgG
      molecule for binding to platelets. It did not require serum complement or factor
      VIII-related antigen for binding to platelets. Drug-dependent binding of antibody
      to platelets was saturation-dependent. Non-drug-dependent antiplatelet antibody
      of two patients (one with quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia and the other with
      acetaminophen-induced thrombocytopenia) reacted with autologous platelets as well
      as with homologous platelets, indicating that they were autoantibodies. Both
      autoantibodies had disappeared when their sera were tested 23 and 138 days,
      respectively, after withdrawal of their initial positive sera. Non-drug-dependent
      antiplatelet antibody binding could be demonstrated with the F(ab')2 fragment of
      the purified IgG of the serum of the second patient with quinidine DITP, who did
      not have detectable alloantibodies against HLA. None of the four patients with
      non-drug-dependent antiplatelet antibody had a past or present history of
      autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 4040411
TI  - [Pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma and laser trabeculoplasty].

PMID- 4040410
TI  - Sustained thrombolysis with DNA-recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator in
      rabbits.
AB  - Tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is an effective thrombolytic agent in
      experimental animals. The duration of the thrombolytic effect of infused t-PA is
      unknown. We compared the duration of the thrombolytic effect of t-PA with
      streptokinase by measuring the lysis of 125I-fibrin-labeled thrombi in rabbit
      jugular veins at different times after a bolus injection of the fibrinolytic
      agents. The pharmacodynamics of both thrombolytic agents were determined in
      rabbits using a sensitive ex vivo fibrinolytic assay. Streptokinase and t-PA were
      given as a bolus dose of 15,000 U/kg. There was no detectable circulating
      fibrinolytic activity 30 minutes after the bolus dose of t-PA and 120 minutes
      after the bolus dose of streptokinase. The t-PA injection produced 34%
      thrombolysis at 30 minutes, 90% thrombolysis at 120 minutes, and 96% thrombolysis
      at 240 minutes. The streptokinase injection produced 17% thrombolysis at 30
      minutes, 34% at 120 minutes, and 34% at 240 minutes. These observations indicate
      that the thrombolytic effect of t-PA is sustained beyond its time of clearance
      from the circulation whereas the thrombolytic effect of streptokinase closely
      parallels its activity in the circulation.

PMID- 4040412
TI  - Scrotal pain.

PMID- 4040413
TI  - Giant haemangioma of the thigh (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome): resection with
      temporary clamping of the common iliac artery.
AB  - A giant haemangioma of the thigh in a 9-month-old infant girl with the Kasabach
      Merritt syndrome was operated upon with temporary clamping of the common iliac
      artery after previous attempts at treatment with external compression, prednisone
      and radiotherapy had failed. Secondary lymphoedema of the leg and foot appeared
      later and was successfully treated by Thompson's technique.

PMID- 4040414
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis and Klinefelter's syndrome: does the X chromosome modify
      disease expression?

PMID- 4040415
TI  - Recurrent chorea gravidarum in four pregnancies.
AB  - An Arab woman developed recurrent chorea gravidarum in all four pregnancies that
      went to term, and none in the three pregnancies that ended in spontaneous
      abortion. She also developed an acute psychosis in one of these four pregnancies.
      A discussion of similar cases in the literature is undertaken.

PMID- 4040416
TI  - Use of early postpartum care in the home.

PMID- 4040417
TI  - Confidentiality and dangerousness in the doctor-patient relationship. The
      position of the Canadian Psychiatric Association.

PMID- 4040418
TI  - The safe use of cisplatin in hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion systems.
AB  - A patient presenting with aggressive squamous cell carcinoma successfully
      received cisplatin chemotherapy via hyperthermic, isolated limb perfusion (renal
      impairment ruled out systemic use). Human tumor stem cell assay identified
      cisplatin as the drug of choice and supports the potential benefit of this
      procedure in single therapeutic situations. The case illustrates the safety of
      cisplatin and the ability to give large doses of the nephrotoxic drug with no
      damage to renal function. The potential efficacy over systemic cisplatin has yet
      to be established except when systemic use is limited from renal dysfunction.

PMID- 4040419
TI  - Uterine papillary serous carcinoma. Complete response to combination
      chemotherapy.
AB  - A case of metastatic uterine papillary serous carcinoma with a complete response
      to chemotherapy is reported. The patient presented with vaginal, pelvic, and
      lymph node metastases 11 months after primary surgical resection was performed. A
      complete response to cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and cisplatin
      was achieved. In this histologic pattern of endometrial adenocarcinoma, which
      behaves clinically like epithelial ovarian cancer, combination chemotherapy can
      offer significant response and palliation.

PMID- 4040420
TI  - Multiple myeloma associated with immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Thrombocytopenia in patients with multiple myeloma is usually due to chemotherapy
      or marrow replacement with myeloma cells. Two patients with multiple myeloma who
      fulfilled criteria for the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura are
      presented. The etiologic and therapeutic implications of this unusual association
      are discussed.

PMID- 4040421
TI  - Comparison of methotrexate and cisplatin for patients with advanced squamous cell
      carcinoma of the head and neck region: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.
AB  - One hundred eligible patients with inoperable, locally advanced or metastatic
      squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region following prior therapy were
      randomized to receive im methotrexate (50 patients) or iv cisplatin (50
      patients). Methotrexate produced a complete plus partial response rate of 16.0%
      and cisplatin produced a partial response rate of 8.0%, with median durations of
      response of 18 and 8 weeks, respectively. The corresponding median survival times
      were 20 and 18 weeks. Methotrexate responders survived 60 weeks, versus 17 weeks
      for nonresponders. The corresponding survival times for cisplatin-treated
      patients were 38 and 18 weeks. Good pretreatment performance status had a
      significantly positive effect on survival (P = 0.04), but prior therapy did not.
      Toxicity secondary to either agent occurred with the expected frequency. The two
      agents examined showed comparable antitumor activity in patients with squamous
      cell carcinoma of the head and neck who had not previously received chemotherapy.

PMID- 4040423
TI  - Cisplatin-containing chemotherapy in the treatment of invasive thymoma: report of
      five cases.
AB  - Invasive thymomas are rare neoplasms arising from the epithelial cells of the
      thymus. In this paper, we report five cases of invasive thymoma treated with
      cisplatin either alone or combined with etoposide. Two partial responses (lasting
      1 and 27+ months from the start of chemotherapy), two minor responses (lasting
      1.5 and 13+ months from the start of chemotherapy), and one mixed response were
      observed. Further studies with cisplatin-containing regimens are warranted in the
      treatment of this rare tumor.

PMID- 4040422
TI  - Evidence for a novel hybrid immunotoxin recognizing ricin A-chain by one antigen
      combining site and a prostate-restricted antigen by the remaining antigen
      combining site: potential for immunotherapy.
AB  - We have used cell fusion technology to produce second-generation hybridomas which
      secrete a population of murine monoclonal antibodies (MABs), a portion of which
      are bifunctional antibodies. The bifunctional hybrid MABs produced are capable of
      recognizing ricin A-chain (RAC) via one antigen-combining site and a prostate
      restricted antigen via the other antigen-combining site of the IgG molecule. The
      second-generation hybridoma described in this report resulted from the fusion of
      spleen cells from mice immunized with purified RAC to hybridoma cells which
      secrete prostate-directed alpha Pro 15 monoclonal antibody. We have demonstrated
      that the MAB population secreted by the second-generation hybridoma can be
      physicochemically separated into distinct populations exhibiting differential
      binding to the cultured prostatic carcinoma cell surface and to RAC immobilized
      in a solid phase; specifically, a subset of the monoclonal antibody population
      which exhibits high binding to both prostatic carcinoma cells and to solid-phase
      RAC can be enriched by physicochemical methods. Binding of hybrid immunotoxin
      (HIT) MAB population to RAC can be quantitatively reduced by prior adsorption of
      the antibody population with prostate carcinoma cells; conversely, hybrid MAB
      binding to prostate carcinoma cells can be quantitatively reduced by prior
      adsorption with RAC. The biologic impact of the HIT has been evaluated by the
      ability of the HIT-RAC conjugate to reduce the uptake of 14C-amino acids into
      cellular protein. This effect is selective, since HIT-RAC conjugates do not exert
      an effect on labeled amino acid uptake by a cell line that does not express the
      target antigen recognized by the prostate-directed component of the hybrid MAB.
      Furthermore, depression of labeled amino acid uptake by prostate carcinoma cells
      exhibits a stoichiometric relationship with respect to both the concentration of
      HIT-MAB and to RAC to which the cells are exposed. The biologic impact of HIT-RAC
      conjugates on prostate carcinoma cells is enhanced markedly in the presence of
      lysosomotropic amines.

PMID- 4040424
TI  - Phase II trial of high-dose cisplatin in patients with malignant mesothelioma.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with advanced malignant mesothelioma were treated in a phase
      II trial with high-dose cisplatin (DDP). All patients had measurable or evaluable
      disease. Seven patients had received prior chemotherapy. DDP (120 mg/m2) with
      mannitol and prehydration was given every 4 weeks for two doses and then every 6
      weeks. Of 24 patients evaluable for response, three had partial responses (3, 3+,
      and 9 months; response rate, 13%; 95% confidence limits, 4%-31%) and one had
      minor response. All responses occurred in previously untreated patients. High
      dose DDP has modest activity in malignant mesothelioma.

PMID- 4040425
TI  - Successful continuation of cisplatin therapy after partial recovery from acute
      renal failure.

PMID- 4040426
TI  - Effectiveness of cisplatin in the treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - The therapeutic activity of cisplatin was explored in three consecutive patients
      with locoregional squamous cell carcinoma of the anus who received no prior
      therapy. One complete response and two partial responses were achieved. These
      data, although preliminary, strongly suggest that this disease is sensitive to
      cisplatin, and further trials are indicated to assess the precise role of this
      drug in the overall management of anal carcinoma.

PMID- 4040427
TI  - Phase I study of high-dose cytarabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced
      malignancy.
AB  - Nineteen patients with advanced malignancy participated in a phase I trial of
      high-dose cytarabine (ara-C) and cisplatin in combination. Dose and schedule were
      based on laboratory data indicating synergy for concurrent use of these drugs.
      Cisplatin (100 mg/m2) was administered during the 2nd and 3rd hours of a 3-hour
      ara-C infusion. The ara-C dose was escalated in subsequent patients following a
      starting dose of 1 g/m2. Two brief responses were noted. The study was terminated
      prematurely due to protracted (several weeks) nausea, occasional vomiting, and
      severe lassitude.

PMID- 4040428
TI  - Evaluation of a combination antiemetic regimen including iv high-dose
      metoclopramide, dexamethasone, and diphenhydramine in cisplatin-based
      chemotherapy regimens.

PMID- 4040429
TI  - Evaluation of cisplatin in children with recurrent brain tumors.

PMID- 4040430
TI  - [Vitamin A and zinc in the blood in chronic kidney failure].

PMID- 4040431
TI  - [Ovarian hormones and the sex life of women].

PMID- 4040432
TI  - [The sex life of men in infertile marriages].

PMID- 4040433
TI  - [Problems with the Czechoslovak cytostatic agent Benin Spofa].

PMID- 4040434
TI  - Use of aequorin for the appraisal of the hypothesis of the release of calcium
      from the sarcoplasmic reticulum induced by a change of pH in skinned cardiac
      cells.
AB  - A change of pH did not modify the sensitivity of aequorin to Ca2+, but an
      increase of pH enhanced the Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofilaments of a skinned
      canine cardiac Purkinje cell. The tension-pCa curve did not present any
      hysteresis when a given [free Ca2+] was reached from a higher versus from a lower
      [free Ca2+] in the presence of pH 6.60, 7.10 or 7.40. A rapid variation of pH in
      either direction failed to induce Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
      (SR). The proton ionophores CCCP and gramicidin also failed to induce Ca2+
      release from the SR. Increase of pH from 7.10 to 7.40 enhanced Ca2+ accumulation
      into the SR and, thereby, augmented the Ca2+ content of the SR. Consequently, the
      amplitude of a subsequent Ca2+ release triggered by a rapid increase of [free
      Ca2+] at the outer surface of the SR was increased. Conversely, a decrease of pH
      from 7.10 to 6.60 diminished the Ca2+ accumulation into the SR, the Ca2+ content
      of the SR and the amplitude of a subsequent Ca2+-induced release of Ca2+ from the
      SR. In addition, the optimum [free Ca2+] for triggering Ca2+-induced release of
      Ca2+ was shifted to higher [free Ca2+] values by a decrease of pH from 7.40 to
      7.10 or 7.10 to 6.60. This may help to explain the enhancement of the aequorin
      light transient during acidosis in the intact cardiac muscle inasmuch as acidosis
      may increase the [free Ca2+] trigger at the outer surface of the SR by inhibiting
      Na+-Ca2+ exchange across the sarcolemma.

PMID- 4040435
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence for contacts between migrating L5222 rat leukemia cells
      and extracellular matrix components of the rat mesentery.
AB  - The nature of interactions between cells migrating through tissues and their
      structural surroundings are largely unknown. We have therefore examined the
      ultrastructural relationship between L5222 rat leukemia cells, moving through the
      loose connective tissue of the mesentery, and components of the extracellular
      matrix (ECM). Ultrathin tissue sections, fixed in the presence of ruthenium
      hexammine trichloride (RHT), revealed the following: Constitutents of fibrillar
      and nonfibrillar elements of the ECM are in contact with the plasma membrane of
      L5222 cells. Linear nonfibrillar ECM elements contact the plasma membrane at
      point-like sites, often associated with root-like structures present within the
      submembraneous microfilament mesh. Aggregates of ECM material are connected to
      patch-like cell membrane sites, associated with a condensed, plate-like part of
      the microfilament mesh. Point-like and patch-like contacts are more numerous at
      the anterior part of polarized migrating L5222 cells than on the posterior end.
      In round resting leukemia cells they are evenly distributed around the cell
      periphery. We suggest that the ECM-cell membrane contacts represent tissue
      adhesion sites. We therefore hypothesize that in migrating cells a coordinate
      interaction occurs between the contact sites and the continuous microfilament
      meshwork which results in a simultaneous backward movement of ECM-membrane
      contacts on the cell body and in a net forward movement of the whole cell. Since
      Dembo et al. (1981) present a similar mechanism for in vitro locomotion of
      granulocytes, we assume that blood cell locomotion in vivo and in vitro depends
      on similar molecular mechanisms: force generation by the cell, transmembraneous
      linkage between cytoskeletal and ECM elements, and membrane fluidity. The major
      difference in blood cell locomotion through a three-dimensional tissue or on a
      plane substratum would then be given by the distribution of contact sites,
      occurring around the cell periphery or limited to the ventral cell surface,
      respectively.

PMID- 4040436
TI  - [Antimicrobial effect of arbutin and an extract of the leaves of Arctostaphylos
      uva-ursi in vitro].

PMID- 4040437
TI  - [Use of urodynamic examination methods in gynecology].

PMID- 4040438
TI  - [Sperm motility, its regulation and methods of its recording].

PMID- 4040439
TI  - [Sterility due to autoimmunity and its therapy].

PMID- 4040440
TI  - [Long-term study of neonates at risk and neonates in a control group. II. Results
      of examinations of the children at 3 years of age].

PMID- 4040441
TI  - [10 years' experience with the treatment of distal urethral stenoses in girls
      using urethrotomy].

PMID- 4040442
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of high-dose cisplatin by Corden et al.

PMID- 4040443
TI  - Persistence of cyclophosphamide-induced damage in bone marrow as indicated by
      sister chromatid exchange analysis.
AB  - Various treatment protocols were used to investigate the time-dependent decrease
      in sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in bone marrow cells following treatment of
      C57Bl/6J X DBA/2J F1 (DB2F1) mice by i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide (15
      mg/kg). The major factor in the time-related decrease in SCE-inducing lesions is
      the considerable cytotoxicity or selection of less highly damaged cells over
      successive cyclophosphamide post-treatment cycles. A constant rate of selection
      of 0.61 and 0.65%, respectively, was apparent over post-treatment cycles 1-2 and
      2-3. In addition, second- and third-division SCE data produced by various
      protocols indicate persistence of a fraction of cyclophosphamide's SCE-inducing
      lesions for at least three post-treatment cycles. Comparison of the persistence
      of cyclophosphamide's SCE-inducing lesions with our previously reported data for
      diepoxybutane and ethyl carbamate reveals that the rate of repair of SCE-inducing
      lesions is inversely related to tumorigenic activities.

PMID- 4040445
TI  - Symposium on natriuretic hormone and hypertension. Beverly Hills, California,
      June 9, 1984.

PMID- 4040444
TI  - Protection against dimethylhydrazine-induced adenomatous tumors of the mouse
      colon by the dietary addition of an extract of soybeans containing the Bowman
      Birk protease inhibitor.
AB  - Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induces adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum in
      rodents; this animal cancer model system is thought to closely resemble human
      colorectal cancer. An extract of soybeans containing the Bowman-Birk protease
      inhibitor added to the diet of DMH-treated mice resulted in a significant
      suppression of adenomatous tumors of the colonic mucosa. Non-treated mice
      maintained on the same diet for most of their natural life-span (1.5 years)
      showed no observable health problems.

PMID- 4040446
TI  - Expression of MHC class II antigens on bile duct epithelium in experimental graft
      versus host disease.
AB  - Recently we observed the expression of MHC class II antigens on bile duct
      epithelium in human liver transplantation rejection. In this report we present
      evidence for the expression of MHC class II antigens on bile duct epithelium in
      experimental GVHD. These findings support the idea, that the target tissue
      elements in liver transplantation rejection and GVHD are the bile ducts, on the
      other hand this is a new experimental model for the analysis of MHC class II
      antigen expression on epithelial tissue.

PMID- 4040447
TI  - Changes in fibrinolytic activity during the course of a single hemodialysis
      session.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary bypass, a form of extracorporeal circulation, markedly increases
      blood fibrinolytic activity. Accordingly, we measured the effect of hemodialysis,
      another form of extracorporeal circulation, on fibrinolytic activity in 13
      patients with end stage renal disease during and after a single hemodialysis
      session. Total fibrinolytic activity on fibrin plates, which reflects plasminogen
      activator levels, was below normal prior to dialysis, rose well above normal at
      one hour, and then dropped gradually so that just prior to the end of a dialysis
      session it was still significantly elevated. Within 30 minutes of the end of
      dialysis, fibrinolytic activity fell rapidly, approaching predialysis levels. In
      contrast, 5 patients studied before and 3 hours into a peritoneal dialysis
      session showed no change in their subnormal levels of plasminogen activator.
      Plasminogen and alpha-2 antiplasmin levels did not change significantly during
      the course of hemodialysis. Thus, hemodialysis, but not peritoneal dialysis,
      transiently increases fibrinolytic activity without consuming plasminogen, a
      pattern consistent with the release of tissue type plasminogen activator.

PMID- 4040448
TI  - A false-negative xenon-133 study in focal fatty infiltration of the liver.
AB  - A Xe-133 hepatic study was misleading when the absence of Xe-133 localization in
      an area of low CT numbers was considered to be negative for a diagnosis of focal
      fatty infiltration.

PMID- 4040449
TI  - Changes in succinic dehydrogenase activity in the central nervous system of mice
      during morphine dependence development, withdrawal and naloxone treatment.
AB  - The possible role of succinic dehydrogenase (SD) in producing physical dependence
      to morphine by affecting tissue respiration was investigated in Swiss albino mice
      during the development of morphine tolerance through a period of addiction and
      naloxone withdrawal therapy. Tolerance and physical dependence were induced by
      injecting the mice with morphine sulfate subcutaneously at 8-hour intervals,
      increasing the dose from 10 mg/kg BW every 24 h for 15 days. The animals were
      considered to be addicted when they were able to tolerate an otherwise lethal
      dose of 150 mg/kg 3 times a day. Results indicated that succinic dehydrogenase
      was inhibited throughout the 15-day period of morphine administration and that
      this effect was greatest in tolerant animals. Increasing the dose and duration of
      treatment did not cause further decreases in enzyme activity; instead, after 15
      days levels of enzyme activity increased in addicted animals compared with
      tolerant mice. Furthermore, morphine abstinence for 2 days, markedly increased
      the levels of SD activity, while 6 days of abstinence had little effect. Naloxone
      withdrawal at each stage was associated with increased SD activity, but the
      increase was significant only in tolerant mice.

PMID- 4040450
TI  - A uni-directional urethral force gauge.
AB  - Until now urethral transducers have had poor circumferential resolution and have
      been inadequate for assessing whether the forces closing the female urethra are
      equally distributed around its circumference or whether they are greater in some
      directions than others. This paper describes a urethral force gauge which is
      capable of measuring urethral occlusive forces in a uni-directional manner
      because it is sensitive to forces around only 20 degrees of the urethral
      circumference. The gauge comprises a sensor, utilising two semi-conductor strain
      gauges, mounted at the tip of a 14 F silicone rubber catheter. It has been used
      in the investigation of 232 female patients and has proved to be reliable and
      robust.

PMID- 4040451
TI  - [The male climacteric. Endocrinologic profile and therapeutic prospectives].

PMID- 4040452
TI  - [Effects of clofibrate on allyl alcohol poisoning in the rat].

PMID- 4040453
TI  - Computed tomography detection of cervical spinal cord hemangioblastoma: a case
      report.
AB  - Hemangioblastomas of the spinal cord are uncommon, accounting for 1.6% and 2.1%
      of all spinal cord tumors (1). Until recently these vascular lesions were best
      evaluated angiographically. Several cervical hemangioblastomas have been studied
      by computed tomography with intravenous contrast medium enhancement (2-4). This
      report illustrates the use of computed tomography with combined intravenous and
      intrathecal contrast medium enhancement, which permitted preoperative diagnosis
      and treatment planning of an intramedullary hemangioblastoma.

PMID- 4040454
TI  - Glycolytic enzymes of human fetal and neonatal intraocular fluids.
AB  - The levels of the glycolytic enzymes, phosphohexose isomerase, aldolase and LDH
      and its isozymes, were ascertained in the aqueous of human stillbirths and
      premature neonate dead (19-24 weeks gestation) and compared with those of older
      neonates (28-41 weeks) of low survival due mainly to respiratory failure. The
      fetal aqueous displayed a much greater LDH-P level (mean mU/ml +/- SEM: 45,600 +/
      2550; 72 eyes) in contrast to the near-term infant value (2420 +/- 615; 27 eyes)
      and 8-20 times higher aldolase and phosphohexose isomerase levels. LDH-P of the
      fetal vitreous was much lower (5820 +/- 860 mU/ml; 25 eyes) and for lens employed
      as a filtered homogenate in saline (1:20), amounted to 52.2 +/- 4.2 mU/mg lens
      (24 eyes). The distribution of LDH isozymes in the fetal vitreous and lens
      homogenate and the near-term neonate aqueous as determined by polyacrylamide disc
      electrophoresis, was similar to that of the fetal aqueous, LDH-1 and LDH-5 being
      least and LDH-3 and LDH-4, the highest. A few small but significant differences
      were apparent as compared to the fetal aqueous isozymes and included decrements
      in vitreous LDH-4, lens LDH-3 and neonatal aqueous LDH-3 and increases in
      vitreous LDH-2 and near-term aqueous LDH-4. The current findings may have
      application to retinoblastoma for which higher aqueous LDH levels have been
      reported and employed as a diagnostic adjunct. However, the fetal aqueous LDH
      values far exceed those encountered in this embryonal-type tumour.

PMID- 4040456
TI  - In vitro activity of aztreonam--a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic.
AB  - The in vitro antibacterial activity of aztreonam (SQ 26776), a new beta-lactam
      antibiotic, was measured by the agar dilution technique. Aztreonam is known to
      have a narrow spectrum with activity only against Gram negative bacteria. The
      strains tested were 223 clinical isolates from blood cultures obtained at
      Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Its activity against E. coli, Klebsiella
      spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter, Salmonella typhimurium and
      Serratia marcescens was satisfactory with MIC values normally below 0.5 mg/l.
      However, six out of 135 strains of E. coli showed surprisingly high MIC values of
      eight and 16 mg/l. The activity against Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp.
      were limited, but the majority were inhibited by concentrations of aztreonam
      between 2.0 and 8.0 mg/l. The MIC values for the tested anaeobic bacteria were
      high, ranging from 8.0 to above 512 mg/l. With its narrow spectrum of activity,
      aztreonam seems to be a valuable addition to the antibiotic arsenal. Clinical
      studies will determine its real value.

PMID- 4040455
TI  - Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone is present in subretinal fluids of the human
      eye.
AB  - (44-68) human Parathyroid hormone (hPTH) was studied in subretinal fluids (SRF)
      of 20 human eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. A (44-68) hPTH carboxyl
      mid-regional radioimmunoassay was used. Depending on the extent and the duration
      of the retinal detachments, (44-68) hPTH ranged between normal serum levels (ca.
      100-300 pg/ml) up to excessive amounts of 4000 pg/ml with longstanding disease
      and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Aqueous humors (AH) of one patient with
      bilateral iridocyclitis and complicated cataract ranged at 90-132 pg/ml (44-68)
      hPTH, whereas a control population undergoing surgery for senile cataracts had no
      detectable (44-68) hPTH in AH. The AH of one diseased eye of heterochromia
      complicata Fuchs showed excessive amounts of more than 4000 pg/ml (44-68) hPTH.

PMID- 4040457
TI  - [Bromocriptine in the treatment of galactorrhea with anovulation; report of 53
      cases].

PMID- 4040458
TI  - [Ultrastructure observation of the inoculated human esophageal carcinoma cell
      line (Eca 109) in nude mice].

PMID- 4040460
TI  - The juvenile-peripubertal transition period in the female rat: establishment of a
      diurnal pattern of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion.
AB  - Previous descriptions of pulsatile LH release in immature female rats have been
      mostly inaccurate because of infrequent blood sampling, discontinuous and
      unbalanced blood replacement procedures, and possibly because of the use of a
      heterologous RIA. The present study was undertaken to circumvent these problems
      and to characterize more precisely the changes in episodic LH secretion
      previously observed during the juvenile-peripubertal transitional period (27-38
      days of age). Changes in LH levels were measured in plasma samples obtained every
      5 min from unrestrained conscious animals using a recently developed technique
      that permitted continuous withdrawal of blood for 4-5 h and simultaneous
      replacement with an artificial blood mixture. In virtually all of the rats, LH
      release was pulsatile. In both the juvenile (27-29 days old) and peripubertal (30
      38 days old) animals, mean plasma LH levels and LH pulse amplitude were low in
      the mornings. A similar pattern of LH secretion was found in the afternoon during
      the juvenile period. In contrast, most of the peripubertal animals exhibited an
      afternoon increase in LH pulse amplitude. A change in pulse frequency was not
      detected at this time, but a 1.8-fold increase in mean LH levels suggests that
      large amplitude pulses may be accompanied by low amplitude, high frequency pulses
      not revealed by the 5-min sampling paradigm. Some of the peripubertal rats (5 of
      12) had plasma LH profiles in which the large amplitude pulses were accompanied
      by a midafternoon minisurge of secretion which lasted for up to 2 h and reached
      peak levels of 174 +/- 19 ng/ml; the LH surge at first proestrus was greater than
      1000 ng/ml. The results demonstrate the prepubertal development of an afternoon
      increase in LH pulse amplitude and the appearance of a more prolonged and larger
      secretory episode of LH secretion (minisurge). Disclosure of a concomitant
      increase in pulse frequency may necessitate blood sampling at more frequent
      intervals. It is suggested that the changes in the mode of LH release described
      here may enhance peripubertal ovarian steroidogenesis and provide an appropriate
      stimulus for initiating the final stages of ovarian development.

PMID- 4040459
TI  - Endogenous opioid peptides participate in the modulation of prolactin release in
      response to cervicovaginal stimulation in the female rat.
AB  - Naloxone, a specific opiate receptor antagonist, was used to evaluate the
      influence of endogenous opiate peptides on PRL secretion during various stages of
      the estrous cycle and after cervicovaginal stimulation. Naloxone (0.2 mg/kg, iv)
      administered at 0930 h suppressed basal 1000 h PRL levels on each day of the
      estrous cycle, but had no effect on the PRL surges occurring on the afternoon of
      proestrus and estrus. These afternoon surges could only be suppressed when
      naloxone was given immediately before the onset of the surge at 1330 h,
      suggesting a critical period for naloxone action. Later injections (at 1530 and
      1730 h) had no further suppressive effects, although these injections suppressed
      the basal PRL secretion occurring during diestrous days I and II to near
      undetectable levels. In contrast, the immediate (1000 h) and afternoon PRL
      discharges triggered by cervicovaginal stimulation at 0930 h on proestrus,
      estrus, and diestrous day I were significantly suppressed by a single injection
      of naloxone, but only when it was administered before application of the
      stimulus. Moreover, this single naloxone injection significantly inhibited the
      long term PRL surges occurring during days 2 and 4 of pseudopregnancy in animals
      stimulated on estrus and diestrous day I. Naloxone treatment significantly
      shortened the duration of pseudopregnancy but did not prevent it, indicating that
      only minimal levels of PRL may be necessary to initiate and maintain
      pseudopregnancy. This striking difference in the time at which naloxone
      suppressed the stimulus-induced PRL discharges (compared to the spontaneous
      surges) suggests that endogenous opiate peptides also process the sensory
      information necessary for establishment of PRL surges during pseudopregnancy. The
      marked dependence of the spontaneous as well as the stimulus-induced PRL
      discharges on the stage of the estrous cycle support established evidence that
      ovarian steroids enhance endogenous opiate activity or facilitate the transfer of
      information along opiatergic pathways for the generation of PRL surges.

PMID- 4040461
TI  - Differential changes in the mechanisms controlling luteinizing hormone and
      prolactin secretion in middle-aged female rats.
AB  - Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) concentrations were measured
      in young (3-4 month old) and middle-aged (10-12 month old) intact female rats on
      proestrus, in ovariectomized rats after two estrogen injections (estradiol
      benzoate; EB, 10 micrograms/100 g body weight, s.c.) or after preoptic
      stimulation in EB-primed ovariectomized rats. Only animals showing regular 4-day
      estrous cycles were selected for the experiment. The magnitude of proestrous LH
      surge was significantly smaller in middle-aged than in young rats. Two BE
      injections, at noon on Days 0 and 3, in ovariectomized middle-aged rats failed to
      induce surges in LH secretion on Day 4 whereas the same treatment produced LH
      surges in ovariectomized young rats. The preoptic electrochemical stimulation (50
      microA for 60 sec) produced a prompt rise in serum LH levels in ovariectomized EB
      primed young but not in middle aged rats. The preoptic stimulation with a larger
      current (200 microA) induced LH secretin in middle-aged rats. In none of these
      situations serum PRL concentrations were different between young and middle-age
      rats. These results suggest differential aging rates in the preoptic mechanisms
      governing LH and PRL secretion in the rat. The function of the preoptic ovulatory
      center in responding to the estrogen positive feedback action and inducing LH
      secretion may become impaired and independent of the PRL control mechanism, even
      before the regular estrous cycle terminates.

PMID- 4040463
TI  - A model for intracellular complexation between gene-5 protein and bacteriophage
      fd DNA.
AB  - A structural model for the helical intracellular complex formed between the gene
      5 DNA-binding protein (G 5 BP; approximately 1274 copies) and bacteriophage fd
      DNA has been derived by an atomic-contact analysis approach. These studies
      depended in large part on the recently determined high-resolution structure of
      the G 5 BP dimer and cross-correlations with physical-chemical data available
      from other techniques. The approach was to systematically scan the full set of
      helical complexation parameters involved, based upon observed structural and
      orientational constraints, to determine those compatible with both the structure
      of the G 5 BP dimer and the overall dimensions of the full complex. This process
      was monitored throughout by close scrutiny of dimer-dimer contacts and the use of
      hard-copy and interactive graphics devices. Instead of the wide variety of
      possibilities that had been expected from such an approach, only one satisfactory
      assembly of DNA and G 5 BP dimers could be found. The results indicate that phage
      DNA will be wound to the outside of the helical protein ribbon that forms the
      core of intracellular complex at a density of five nucleotides per G 5 BP
      monomer. Bound DNA strands are positioned in two contiguous binding channels,
      which form as a consequence of the interactions of complexed G 5 BP dimers. These
      channels run just inside the outer extended beta loops, composed of residue 20
      30, and are separated by approximately 3.2 nm. The DNA phosphate backbone is
      bound at a substantially smaller radial distance (approximately 3.5 nm) than the
      maximum radius of the intracellular complex as a whole (approximately 4.5 nm)
      since bound DNA is embedded within these well-defined binding channels. Our
      studies also indicate that a number of sterically unacceptable contacts,
      involving residues 38-42, prevent complexation of otherwise complementary dimer
      surfaces in the absence of nucleic acids. In the process of binding DNA, these
      residues change conformation thereby allowing self-assembly of dimer units into a
      helical structure. We propose that these residues act as a two-position
      stereochemical switch that allows or disallows complex formation in response to
      the absence or presence of DNA.

PMID- 4040462
TI  - Location of transcriptional control signals and transfer RNA sequences in
      Torulopsis glabrata mitochondrial DNA.
AB  - Determination of sequences from the nine regions separating the large genes in
      the 19-kbp mitochondrial DNA from Torulopsis glabrata has led to the
      identification of 23 tRNA genes and to the recognition of two types of short
      repeated sequence implicated in mitochondrial genome expression. The two short
      repeated sequences are a nonanucleotide motif, 5'-TATAAGTAA-3' and a
      dodecanucleotide motif, 5'-TATAATATTCTT-3'. By RNA sequence determination it has
      been found that primary transcripts of the small and large rRNAs commence at the
      3' penultimate adenine of the nonanucleotide sequence. This motif has also been
      found in the DNA sequence upstream from f-methionine, phenylalanine, leucine,
      tyrosine and glycine tRNAs, cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 and ATPase subunit 9.
      The dodecanucleotide sequence is found at least once in each of the nine regions
      between the large genes. Determination of the 3' ends of the small and large
      rRNAs has shown their location to be 8 and 23 nucleotides downstream from the
      dodecanucleotide sequence. This motif is thought to be involved in signalling
      processing of polycistronic transcripts. Such transcripts are invoked to account
      for the production of mRNAs for cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase subunits 1 and
      3, and the joint mRNA for ATPase subunits 8 and 6 genes that lack an adjacent
      upstream nonanucleotide transcription initiation signal sequence. Processing of
      polycistronic transcripts at tRNA sequences is also implicated in the formation
      of mature mRNAs. From the position of tRNA genes relative to the nonanucleotide
      motif it appears that clusters of these genes are co-transcribed with downstream
      sequences for cytochrome oxidase subunits 1 and 3.

PMID- 4040464
TI  - Arm muscle and fat in the evaluation of nutritional status. A study of African
      pre-school children in three different environments.
AB  - Anthropometric variables were collected in 10230 clinically healthy children
      under 5 years of age. The children belong to three African tribes living in
      different environments. The conventional anthropometric methods of screening
      children nutritionally at risk were used and their validity is scrutinised. It is
      shown that, to assess nutritional condition, arm muscle area and arm fat area add
      essential information to data on weight-for-age, weight-for-height and arm
      circumference-for-age. It is suggested that the choice of anthropometric methods
      and standards must be adapted to the ecological situation.

PMID- 4040466
TI  - Adriamycin and cis-platinum in advanced ovarian cancer.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with stage III and IV ovarian epithelial carcinoma were
      treated with single doses of adriamycin (ADM) 50 mg/m2 and cis-platinum (DDP) 50
      mg/m2 every month for nine courses. The pathologically proven response rate was
      52.2%, with 22.7% complete response and 29.5% partial response. Median survival
      was 22 months for all patients, 25 months in stage III and 15 months in stage IV.
      This study confirms that ADM-DDP is a valuable drug regimen in advanced ovarian
      carcinoma but further progress is needed to improve the cure rate, which remains
      low.

PMID- 4040465
TI  - Daily intake of selenium by bottle-fed infants in Belgium.
AB  - The selenium content of commercial infant formulae, processed milk and beikost
      was measured by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry after previous
      wet acid digestion. The median daily intake by infants (1-6 months) fed milk,
      soya or cereal-based infant formulae was 3.0-7.8 micrograms/day; lower than the
      mean daily intake by Belgian breast-fed infants (6.1-8.6 micrograms/day) and
      cow's milk bottle-fed infants (7.6-10.8 micrograms/day).

PMID- 4040467
TI  - Striatal dopamine receptor sensitivity after subchronic fencamfamine in the rat.
AB  - Dopamine (DA) receptor sensitivity was assessed in the rat striatal system
      following subchronic treatment with fencamfamine or saline for 7 days (10 mg/kg
      i.p.). Seventy-two hours after the last injection the stereotyped behaviour and
      general activity induced by apomorphine or saline were evaluated. Apomorphine
      (2.0 mg/kg s.c.) induced a decrease of the stereotypic response when fencamfamine
      pretreated animals were compared to saline-treated ones while apomorphine (0.02
      mg/kg s.c.) failed to alter the general activity of animals, treated with
      fencamfamine or not. In biochemical experiments subchronic fencamfamine did not
      alter the effects of apomorphine (0.02 mg/kg s.c.) in reducing homovanillic acid
      (HVA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) striatal levels, when compared to
      saline. In addition we observed a slight but significant reduction in the total
      dopamine receptor content in the striatum labelled by [3H]spiroperidol. These
      findings indicate that subchronic fencamfamine treatment leads to a
      desensitization of postsynaptic DA receptors in rat striatum.

PMID- 4040468
TI  - A monoamine oxidase inhibitor reverses the 'separation syndrome' in a new hamster
      separation model of depression.
AB  - A broad spectrum monoamine oxidase inhibitor, tranylcypromine sulfate (Parnate)
      was tested in a new hamster separation model of depression. In this paradigm,
      male dwarf hamsters show increases in body weight, decreases in exploratory
      behaviors, and decreases in social interactions, when separated from female
      mates. Tranylcypromine (10 mg/kg s.c. daily for 14 days) effectively reduced body
      weight, increased exploration, and increased social interaction, in the separated
      males. Subsequent treatment with saline restored the separation-induced changes
      in body weight, exploratory behaviors, and other social behaviors. The
      'separation syndrome' in dwarf hamsters appears to be completely reversed by at
      least one antidepressant treatment.

PMID- 4040469
TI  - Differential effects of morphine on core temperature in stressed and non-stressed
      rats.
AB  - The effects of morphine on body temperature were studied in rats in two different
      states - stressed and non-stressed. Morphine injected subcutaneously (s.c.)
      produced a dual action on body temperature in non-stressed rats. Hyperthermia
      occurred at lower doses (2.5-10 mg/kg) while hypothermia was produced with a
      higher dose (20 mg/kg). Both of these effects of morphine were reversed by
      naloxone (0.1-5.0 mg/kg). Stressing the rats (immobilization with wire mesh)
      produced slight hypothermia which was markedly potentiated by morphine (5-20
      mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. Enhancement of hypothermia by morphine in the
      stressed animals was antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone (0.1-5.0 mg/kg).
      When rats were treated with morphine (10 mg/kg) 1 h before stress, and were then
      exposed to immobilization stress, the hyperthermia exhibited in the non-stressed
      state changed to hypothermia in the stressed state. When the rats which were
      treated with morphine and then stressed for 1 h were released from stress, the
      hypothermia observed in the stressed state progressively changed to hyperthermia.
      Furthermore, these morphine effects, i.e. hyper- and hypothermia in the non
      stressed and stressed states, respectively, were reversed but not eliminated by
      naloxone. These results suggest that the effects of morphine on core temperature
      in rats are altered depending upon the state of the animals. That is, morphine
      appears to have a dual action, hyperthermia in the non-stressed state and
      hypothermia in the stressed state. It also appears that these actions are
      mediated via opiate receptors.

PMID- 4040470
TI  - Comparison of the effects of forskolin and isoprenaline on tracheal, cardiac and
      skeletal muscles from guinea-pig.
AB  - Forskolin, a potent activator of adenylate cyclase, and isoprenaline, an
      unselective beta-adrenoceptor agonist, were studied in vitro on tissues from
      guinea-pig with respect to relaxation of the carbachol-contracted trachea,
      increase in the force of contraction of the papillary muscle and depression of
      subtetanic contractions of the soleus muscle, three well-characterized beta
      adrenoceptor-mediated effects. Forskolin and isoprenaline relaxed the trachea and
      increased the force of contraction of the papillary muscle. Isoprenaline but not
      forskolin caused a depression of the subtetanic contraction of the soleus muscle.
      Forskolin did not seem to potentiate the effects of isoprenaline on the tissues
      studied; the combined effects appeared to be a mere addition. Forskolin did not
      increase the efficacy of the partial agonist prenalterol either. It is concluded
      that there is no simple relation between c-AMP generation and the functional
      response to beta-adrenoceptor agonists. Forskolin should not be used uncritically
      to probe beta-adrenoceptor-mediated effects.

PMID- 4040471
TI  - The influence of verapamil on the gastric effects of stress in rats.
AB  - The influence of verapamil on stress- or bethanechol-induced gastric effects was
      investigated in rats. Intraperitoneally injected verapamil (1, 2 or 4 mg/kg),
      given 30 min beforehand, dose-dependently prevented gastric glandular ulceration,
      mast cell degranulation and the increased stomach wall contractions evoked by
      restraint at 4 degrees C for 1 h. Gastric acid secretion, as well as ulceration
      in both the forestomach and glandular segment, produced by subcutaneously
      injected bethanechol (3.2 mg/kg) were also inhibited. It is concluded that
      decreased amine release from the mast cells, stomach wall relaxation and reduced
      gastric acid were responsible for the ulcer-antagonising effects of the calcium
      entry blocker. The possible antiulcer actions of verapamil are discussed in the
      light of present knowledge regarding calcium involvement in the various
      mechanisms thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of stress ulceration in
      rat stomachs.

PMID- 4040472
TI  - Cross-species neural transplants of embryonic septal nuclei to the hippocampal
      formation of adult rats.
AB  - In the absence of immunosuppressive treatment, suspensions of cells from the
      developing septal region of mouse embryos were transplanted successfully into the
      denervated hippocampal formations of adult rat hosts. The longitudinal recovery
      of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing fibers in the host was the index of
      transplant success. In transplant recipients, the fornix-fimbrial interconnection
      between the septum and hippocampal formation was severed unilaterally, and two 5
      microliter aliquots of cell suspension were injected into the hippocampal
      formations of host rats. Five sets of controls included one in which animals
      received no surgical intervention (Normal Controls), and another which was
      subjected to a sham operation (Sham Controls). The fornix-fimbria pathway was
      transected unilaterally in Lesion Control animals, while Hippocampal Controls
      received the same lesion plus two injections of non-cholinergic cells from the
      hippocampal formations of mouse embryos. Injection Controls were subjected to a
      fornix-fimbria transection and given two injections of debris and dead cells in
      saline. The cross-species transplants induced the return of a normal AChE laminar
      pattern in the recipient rats. The density of the laminar pattern, quantified
      with laser densitometry, was greatest in transplants that had survived for one
      week, but only in sections adjacent to the injection sites. Although the density
      decreased from the first through third weeks of survival, overall density of AChE
      staining stabilized from the fourth through 17th weeks of survival. Because the
      success rates of these cross-species transplants were similar to those reported
      for homogenic tissue, it was concluded that the rat brain is a suitable host for
      xenogenic transplants of septal neurons from embryonic mice.

PMID- 4040473
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: lectin-dependent cytotoxicity of hemocytes from susceptible
      host snails, Biomphalaria glabrata.
AB  - Normally benign hemocytes from a strain (M-line) of the snail, Biomphalaria
      glabrata, susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni, became cytotoxic toward the
      sporocyst stage if the parasite was first treated with the lectin, concanavalin
      A. Concanavalin A binding was inhibitable with alpha-methyl mannoside and killing
      was dose-dependent. Maximal levels of concanavalin A-induced cytotoxicity were
      comparable with levels observed when hemocytes from a resistant snail strain (13
      16-R1) encountered untreated sporocysts. Induction of the cytotoxic response did
      not occur if hemocytes alone were pretreated with the lectin. A unique method
      incorporating ultraviolet microscopy and the vital fluorescent dye, eosin Y, was
      used for discriminating between live and dead sporocysts. This model may prove
      useful in understanding mechanisms used by invertebrate effector cells in
      recognition and killing of invading organisms.

PMID- 4040474
TI  - Synthesis of new arylanalogs of ketamine.
AB  - New, seven-step synthesis of arylanalogs of ketamine, starting from easily
      available phenylcyclohexane derivatives, is reported. Pharmacological
      investigations on the compounds obtained are described.

PMID- 4040475
TI  - Inhibition of hCG-stimulated adenylate cyclase in purified mouse Leydig cells by
      the phorbol ester PMA.
AB  - The tumour-promoting phorbol ester, PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate),
      markedly reduced the steroidogenic response of mouse Leydig cells to stimulation
      by hCG and cholera toxin. However, 8Br-cAMP-and forskolin-stimulated
      steroidogenesis was not inhibited by PMA. PMA did not inhibit hCG-induced
      steroidogenesis in the simultaneous presence of 1 microM forskolin. The analysis
      of intracellular cAM P indicated that the PMA-induced inhibition of
      steroidogenesis was the result of an impaired cAMP accumulation. Adenylate
      cyclase in membranes prepared from PMA-treated cells showed a diminished response
      to hCG, GTP, guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] or to a
      combination of the stimulants. PMA, however, was unable to inhibit adenylate
      cyclase when added directly to the membrane preparation from untreated cells. As
      previous observations have indicated that 125I-hCG binding and phosphodiesterase
      activity in mouse Leydig cells are not influenced by PMA, it is concluded from
      the present study that the site of inhibition has to be localised to the
      regulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein of the adenylate cyclase system.

PMID- 4040476
TI  - Isolation from bovine brain of tropomyosins that bind to actin filaments with
      different affinities.
AB  - Tropomyosin was isolated from bovine brain using mild conditions thereby avoiding
      heat precipitation. Separation by DEAE ion exchange chromatography yielded a 33
      kDa tropomyosin and a mixture of 30 and 32 kDa tropomyosin. Binding of the
      tropomyosins to actin filaments was measured by a newly developed method. The
      binding was assayed by the retarding effect of tropomyosin on actin
      polymerization. The 33 kDa tropomyosin was found to bind to actin filaments with
      considerably higher affinity than the 30 and 32 kDa tropomyosin.

PMID- 4040477
TI  - Age-dependent changes in the level of a 34 kDa DNA-binding protein in developing
      chick embryo liver.
AB  - The relative amounts of a DNA-binding protein of 34 kDa increased during the
      early stages of development of chick embryo liver. The content of this protein
      reached a maximum in 18-19-day-old embryonic livers and decreased afterwards in
      older embryonic and post-natal chick livers. The 34 kDa polypeptide is the major
      DNA-binding protein (DBP) of embryonic liver and it preferentially binds to
      single-stranded DNA. The quantity of the 34 kDa DBP was relatively very low in
      embryonic muscle, heart and brain.

PMID- 4040478
TI  - 2',3'-Dialdehyde of GTP blocks regulatory functions of adenylate cyclase NS
      protein.
AB  - Preincubation of bovine caudate nucleus membranes with the 2',3'-dialdehyde of
      GTP (oGTP) reduces adenylate cyclase activation by guanylyl imidodiphosphate
      (GppNHp) in a time-dependent fashion. A slower rate of inhibition is observed if
      membranes are treated with both GTP and oGTP. The efficacy of oGTP action is
      enhanced by raising the Mg2+ concentration. Reduction of adenylate cyclase
      sensitivity to GppNHp is followed by an irreversible decrease of enzyme
      stimulation by forskolin. Addition of a Lubrol soluble preparation from guinea
      pig lung membranes to oGTP-treated caudate nucleus membranes causes restoration
      of the adenylate cyclase sensitivity to GppNHp. These data suggest that oGTP
      blocks the GTP-binding site of the adenylate cyclase system localized on the Ns
      protein. Such modification leads to the elimination of the Ns-mediated regulation
      of the enzyme.

PMID- 4040480
TI  - Peritoneal fluid plasminogen activator activity in endometriosis and pelvic
      adhesive disease.
AB  - Plasminogen activator activity in PF was assayed by the fibrinolysis method
      described by Strickland and Beers. In 45 patients studied, there were no
      discernible differences according to whether patients had endometriosis and/or
      pelvic adhesive disease. No differences were detected according to when in the
      menstrual cycle the sample of PF was obtained. These data are in concordance with
      a previous report and taken together suggest that there is no difference in
      fibrinolytic mechanisms in PF in patients with or without endometriosis and/or
      pelvic adhesive disease, when compared with control subjects. If such differences
      exist, they may be present in the tissues, per se, but are not discernible in PF.

PMID- 4040479
TI  - Possible steroid binding site common to adrenal cytochrome P-450scc and prostatic
      steroid binding protein.
AB  - By searching the entire PIR-protein-sequence data base, we have found that a
      dodecapeptide sequence in bovine adrenal cytochrome P-450scc is closely related
      to that in rat prostatic steroid binding protein. The two proteins belong to
      unrelated protein families, but both have steroids as substrates or ligands.
      Thus, the dodecapeptides may be important for substrate/ligand recognition in the
      individual proteins.

PMID- 4040481
TI  - [Changes in cardiovascular functions and adrenergic innervation of the heart
      during immobilization stress in rats].
AB  - In 40 rats immobilized for 30 hrs, a reduction of density of distribution of the
      adrenergic neural terminals in myocardium occurs along with changes of the cardio
      vascular functions. The death of animals in immobilization was due to a
      progressive drop of arterial pressure. Immediately before death the density
      reduction of adrenergic terminals was the most obvious. Disturbances of the
      cardio-vascular functions in immobilization stress seem to be related to the
      reduction of density of the adrenergic neural terminals distribution in the
      myocardium.

PMID- 4040482
TI  - [Bio- and immunoactive luteinizing hormone in negative feedback action of gonadal
      steroids].
AB  - To clarify the possible intervention of gonadal steroids on the secretion of
      bioactive LH from the pituitary, the levels of plasma LH were measured by in
      vitro bioassay as well as radioimmunoassay, and their changes in specific
      endocrine conditions were investigated. The ratio of bioactivity to
      immunoactivity (B/I ratio) of LH in patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
      and in postmenopausal women was significantly greater than that in women during
      the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and estradiol levels in the former
      groups were significantly lower than those of the latter group. In cases of
      gonadotropin-secreting pituitary tumor with high LH and normal estradiol levels,
      B/I ratio was found at a level similar to that during the follicular phase. The
      administration of combined pills decreased the high B/I ratio of oophorectomized
      women to levels comparable to those in the normal follicular phase. Although
      bioactive LH responded in all groups to LH-RH with a similar pattern to that
      observed with immunoactive LH with a peak value 15 approximately 30 min. after
      the stimulation, followed by a gradual decrease thereafter, the B/I ratio of
      women during the follicular phase was the lowest at 15 min. and returned up to
      the initial value within 60 min. after the injection of LH-RH. In contrast, this
      drop of the B/I ratio did not occur in 7 out of 15 cases composed either of
      hypergonadotropic hypogonadism or postmenopausal women. The peak values of LH in
      patients without decrease in B/I ratios were higher than those of women showing
      decreased B/I ratios. In addition, circulating levels of gonadotropin alpha
      subunit did not affect the B/I ratio. These results suggest that circulating
      levels of gonadal steroids regulate the secretion and synthesis of LH
      quantitatively as well as qualitatively.

PMID- 4040483
TI  - Peripheral panretinal photocoagulation and perfluoropropane/air mixture in
      vitreoretinal surgery for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PMID- 4040484
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies for detection and therapy of carcinomas.

PMID- 4040485
TI  - High pH-induced acrosome reaction and Ca2+ uptake in sea urchin sperm suspended
      in Na+-free seawater.
AB  - The egg jelly-induced acrosome reaction of sea urchin sperm requires the presence
      of Ca2+ and Na+ in seawater at its normal pH 8. Sperm suspended in seawater at pH
      9 undergo the acrosome reaction in the absence of jelly. We have attempted to
      understand the role of external Na+ in this reaction. Sperm were suspended in Na+
      free seawater and the percentage of acrosome reaction and the amount of Ca2+
      uptake were determined as a function of external pH. High pH (9.0) in Na+-free
      medium without jelly triggered a high percentage (above 65%) of sperm acrosome
      reactions and a two to fourfold increase in Ca2+ uptake. Both the percentage of
      acrosome reactions and the amount of Ca2+ uptake were similar to those induced by
      either jelly or pH 9 in Na+-containing seawater. On the other hand, the absence
      of Na+ in seawater inhibits jelly from inducing Ca2+ uptake and acrosome
      reactions at pH 8.0 and even at pH 8.5. These results indicate that the Na+
      requirement for the acrosome reaction induced by jelly is lost when triggering is
      by high pH. In contrast, Ca2+ was strictly required since sperm did not react in
      Ca2+-free seawater at pH 9. We also found that like the jelly-induced acrosome
      reaction the high-pH-induced acrosome reaction and Ca2+ uptake in complete and
      Na+-free seawater were inhibited by D600. This finding suggests that the same
      transport system for Ca2+ uptake associated with the acrosome reaction operates
      at both triggering conditions, i.e., jelly or pH 9. Although D600 is not now
      considered a specific blocker, its effect has suggested the involvement of Ca2+
      channels in the acrosome reaction. This proposal is supported by our results with
      nisoldipine, a highly specific inhibitor of calcium channels. The drug inhibited
      both the sperm acrosome reaction and Ca2+ uptake induced by jelly or pH 9 in
      complete seawater.

PMID- 4040486
TI  - Acute left ventricular filling time and rate changes in hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy after verapamil and propranolol evaluated by nuclear stethoscope.
AB  - We have undertaken the present study to evaluate the acute effects of propranolol
      and verapamil on the diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy. We used a non imaging isotope device, the nuclear stethoscope,
      that has been so far mainly employed for assessment of systolic function,
      although fitted for detecting diastolic filling rates and times as well. Relative
      cardiac output, ejection fraction, rapid and slow filling times and rates were
      measured in five patients suffering from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in basal
      conditions and 10.20 and 30 minutes after i.v. administration for either
      propranolol or verapamil, with a time interval of at least 24 hours between the
      two acute drug studies. With respect to the baseline values only verapamil showed
      a significant improvement in rapid and maximum filling rates, suggesting that
      diastolic function is more beneficially affected by Ca-entry blockers rather than
      beta-blockers in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4040487
TI  - [The FG syndrome (McK 30545). Description of 2 cases with subaortic stenosis].
AB  - This paper reports on two brothers affected by FG syndrome (a rare X-linked
      syndrome with multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation) and
      subvalvular aortic stenosis of the discrete type. This is a previously
      unrecognized association. The FG syndrome was firstly described by Opitz and
      Kaveggia in 1974. Nearly 20 cases have been reported: congenital heart diseases
      previously reported are atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and
      hypoplastic left heart. The clinical appearance of the two cases we have observed
      was that of mental retardation and typical features including abnormal facies
      (dolicocephaly, frontal prominence, poorly modeled auricles, micrognathia,
      prominent lower lip and lack of expression), anteriorly displaced anal opening,
      clinodactyly, great broad toes. A chromosome study showed a normal 46 XY
      constitution. Discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis was diagnosed by typical
      physical and echocardiographic findings.

PMID- 4040488
TI  - Detection and clinical significance of acetone-insoluble liver cell membrane
      antigen in sera of patients with chronic active liver diseases.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect insoluble liver cell
      membrane antigen (LMAg) which gives rise to serum LMA (anti-LM) in HBsAg-negative
      patients. The optical density (OD) ratio of the average LMAg level of normal
      subjects was less than 1.2. In HBsAg-positive cases, high LMAg levels (OD ratio
      greater than 2.4) were noted in 8 of 8 patients with acute hepatitis (AH), 3 of 8
      with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 5 of 10 with moderate chronic aggressive
      hepatitis (CAH), 7 of 10 severe CAH and 4 of 8 with liver cirrhosis (LC). In
      HBsAg-negative cases, however, high LMAg levels were noted in only 6 of 8
      patients with AH, 1 of 10 with CPH, 1 of 10 with moderate CAH, 1 of of 10 with
      severe CAH, 0 of 8 with LC, 0 of 8 with fatty liver and 5 of 10 with alcoholic
      hepatitis. In micro-immunodiffusion experiments, intensively absorbed rabbit anti
      rat LM precipitated two organ-specific components of rat liver homogenate, one of
      which was identical to liver specific protein (LSP). In immunohistochemical
      demonstrations of LMAg and LSP, anti-LM, prepared from the serum of a HBsAg
      negative CAH patient, bound to both human and rat acetone-fixed liver cell
      membranes, but not to those of human or rat kidneys. Absorbed rabbit anti-rat LM
      also bound to liver cell membranes, but absorbed anti-rat LSP lacked organ
      specificity when assayed with the immunofluorescence technique using acetone
      fixed liver sections. In conclusion, the appearance of serum LMAg was associated
      with high-SGPT patients and HBsAg-positive CAH patients.

PMID- 4040489
TI  - Stress-induced elevation of plasma alpha-MSH and endorphin in brown trout, Salmo
      trutta L.
AB  - Handling and confinement caused a pronounced elevation in the plasma cortisol
      levels of brown trout. This response was more rapid, and the elevation greater,
      at 13.4 than at 5 degrees although basal cortisol levels were also higher at the
      warmer water temperature. The large increase in plasma cortisol caused by
      handling and confinement was not accompanied by any changes in the plasma levels
      of either alpha-MSH or endorphin. However, when handling and confinement was
      combined with a thermal shock, not only was there a rapid and pronounced
      elevation in plasma cortisol, but there were also concomitant and sustained rises
      in the plasma levels of both alpha-MSH and endorphin. The levels of a alpha-MSH
      and endorphin induced by the thermal shock were considerably higher than those
      recorded in long-term, black-adapted brown trout, the only other circumstance in
      fish known to cause an elevation of the plasma levels of these two peptides.
      These results indicate that handling and confinement only activated the
      corticotrophs of the pars distalis, not the melanotrophs of the neurointermediate
      lobe, whereas when combined with a thermal shock, both cell types were activated.

PMID- 4040490
TI  - Primary chemotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of
      squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
AB  - Two cases with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix stage IIB with primary tumor
      mass about 2 X 2 X 2 cm were treated with primary chemotherapy of cis-platinum,
      20 micrograms/m2 body surface intravenously daily for 5 consecutive days.
      Papanicolaou smear turned negative after two courses of chemotherapy in both
      cases. One of those was followed by radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy
      which confirmed that there was no evidence of disease by histopathology. The
      third case with stage IIIB and bulky tumor with involvement of pelvic and left
      common iliac lymph nodes was treated with simple hysterectomy followed by
      adjuvant chemotherapy with the same medication described above. Complete
      responses were obtained in all three cases and they are now doing well in a tumor
      free state for 26, 30, and 28 months, respectively.

PMID- 4040491
TI  - Studies on the effects of estrogen on the antibody response in asymptomatic HB
      virus carrier.
AB  - Antibody-forming cells against trinitrophenylated sheep red blood cells (TNP
      SRBC) were induced to a similar extent when peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      from normal individuals, patients with chronic active hepatitis, and asymptomatic
      HBV carriers were stimulated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Although these
      antibody responses were significantly augmented by adding estrogen simultaneously
      with PWM to mononuclear cell cultures prepared from normal individuals and
      patients with chronic active hepatitis, no such augmentation was demonstrable in
      asymptomatic carriers. The DNA synthesis in PWM-stimulated mononuclear cells was
      also increased by estrogen in normal individuals and patients with chronic active
      hepatitis, but this was not the case in asymptomatic carriers. These observations
      suggest that a factor (or factors) may be correlated at least partially with the
      induction of the asymptomatic carrier state, such as unresponsiveness to the
      estrogen.

PMID- 4040492
TI  - Prospective payment: the vital role of research.

PMID- 4040493
TI  - A plan for prospective payment for inpatient psychiatric care.

PMID- 4040494
TI  - Nutrition and immunity: the immunoregulatory effect of n-6 essential fatty acids
      is mediated through prostaglandin E.
AB  - Suppression of cell-mediated immune responses by essential fatty acids (EFA) was
      demonstrated in mice maintained on a standard laboratory diet for rodents. Daily
      oral administration of EFA at doses ranging from 125 to 750 mg/kg body weight
      significantly suppressed local host-versus-graft and graft-versus-host reactions
      as measured by popliteal lymph node assay. Studies employing immune sera directed
      against E-type prostaglandin demonstrated that n-6 EFA-induced suppression was
      mediated through prostaglandin E1. In titration experiments the effect of n-6 EFA
      on the reactions was dose dependent with enhancement of the responses at low
      concentrations and suppression at high concentrations.

PMID- 4040495
TI  - Changes in intratesticular testosterone, cytoplasmic androgen receptors and ABP
      content of the ram testis after a single endogenous pulse of LH.
AB  - The effects of an endogenous LH pulse on the testicular concentration of
      testosterone, cytoplasmic androgen receptor content and androgen binding protein
      (ABP) content was studied in rams. Blood was collected from 36 rams for at least
      14 h and their testes then removed. Animals were then grouped according to the
      interval from their last LH pulse and the time of slaughter. The concentration of
      testosterone in the testis was highest during the first h following the LH pulse
      and returned to its baseline within 5 h. There was a 60% reduction in the
      testicular content of cytoplasmic androgen receptors at 3 h after the LH pulse,
      followed by slow replenishment. The testicular content of ABP was highest at 4 h
      after the LH pulse. It is in the testis concluded that the pulsatility of LH and
      testosterone induces a pulsatile translocation of cytoplasmic androgen receptors.

PMID- 4040496
TI  - Serum micronutrient levels in relation to gastric pathology.
AB  - As part of an ongoing cohort study of gastric cancer precursors in Narino,
      Colombia, blood levels of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, retinol, pre-albumin, retinol
      binding protein and carotenoids were measured and correlated with histopathologic
      findings of gastric biopsies. Carotene levels in both sexes and vitamin E levels
      in males were significantly lower in subjects with gastric dysplasia than in
      subjects with normal mucosa and subjects with less advanced gastric lesions
      (chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia). No other significant
      correlations were found.

PMID- 4040497
TI  - Case control study of cervical cancer in Herrera Province, Republic of Panama.
AB  - A previous survey found the average annual age-adjusted incidence of cervical
      cancer in Herrera Province, Panama, to be 79/100,000, exceeding any other
      reported world rate. In an effort to clarify the reasons for this excessive
      occurrence, a case-control study was conducted among patients diagnosed between
      1974-1980. Sixty-six percent of cervical cancer patients from Herrera Province
      were alive and were contacted by the study team; of these 91% were successfully
      interviewed and provided serum specimens. The total study encompassed 156/169
      surviving patients and 309 age-neighborhood matched controls. Sexual promiscuity
      was uncommon, but it exerted a major effect, with those reporting 4 or more life
      time sex partners being at a 4-fold excess risk compared to those reporting only
      one partner. First intercourse at a young age was common (21% began sexual
      activity prior to age 16) but it failed to alter risk once number of partners was
      taken into account. Oral contraceptive use was associated with a 2-fold excess
      risk and this was not substantially affected by controlling for sexual
      parameters. Thirty-three percent of the study subjects had anti-herpes-simplex
      type-2 antibody as measured by both neutralization and radioimmunoassays.
      Although results of the neutralization test were not predictive of risk, women
      with a radioimmunoassay indicative of HSV-2 infection were at a 40% excess risk
      for cervical cancer after adjustment for sexual characteristics.

PMID- 4040498
TI  - The establishment and characterization of a new BALB/c angiosarcoma tumor system.
AB  - A BALB-3T3/A31 untransformed cloned cell line and 3 selected variants derived
      from this parental cell line, expressing 3 increasingly malignant phenotypes,
      have been established and characterized in vivo and in culture. This new tumor
      series, identified as angiosarcoma, consists of an anchorage-independent non
      tumorigenic cell clone and 2 sublines exhibiting tumorigenic and metastatic
      properties. Morphological examination revealed that the 3 transformed cell
      variants differed from the normal parental cells and were not contact-inhibited.
      Karyotype and rate of cell proliferation in culture were similar for all the cell
      variants. Cytoskeletal visualization by immunofluorescence staining revealed that
      the tumorigenic and metastatic cell lines expressed an altered organization of
      actin cables and a smaller number of vinculin-containing focal contacts.
      Lactoperoxidase iodination of cell surface proteins showed the appearance of an
      Mr 86,000 protein in the tumorigenic and metastatic cell variants. Analysis of
      cell-surface glycoproteins demonstrated an increased sialylation of Mr 66,000 and
      Mr 62,000 glycoproteins in the transformed, tumorigenic and metastatic cell
      lines. This angiosarcoma tumor model system allows investigation of cellular
      characteristics which might be relevant to specific stages in tumor progression.

PMID- 4040499
TI  - Longitudinal changes in left ventricular diastolic function in hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Digitised M-mode echocardiography was used to study the changes in left
      ventricular diastolic function over a 3-year period in 11 patients with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy an 14 normals. Compared to normal, in hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy, isovolumic relaxation was prolonged (P less than 0.001) and
      mitral valve opening delayed relative to minimum dimension (P less than 0.001).
      There was a wide range of values for the peak rates of dimension increase and
      wall thinning, and although the means were normal, 6 and 8 patients respectively
      were outside the normal range. There were no significant mean changes in function
      during the 3.4 +/- 0.3 years of follow-up, but, in 3 patients, marked alterations
      in relaxation were observed. They showed a gross reduction in the delay in mitral
      valve opening (125 to 55 125 to 35 and 110 to 75 msec). There was little overall
      change in isovolumic relaxation in two, but in one patient it reduced from 95 to
      50 msec. In most patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, relaxation and
      diastolic function appear to remain stable over a period of 3 years, and none had
      an apparent deterioration. Some patients may have an apparently spontaneous
      "improvement" in function similar in extent to that described due to the
      therapeutic action of calcium antagonists.

PMID- 4040500
TI  - Augmented thromboxane A2 generation and efficacy of its blockade in acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Serial changes in thromboxane B2, a stable catabolite of thromboxane A2, were
      measured by radioimmunoassay in peripheral plasma of 55 patients with acute
      myocardial infarction. Twenty two of 31 patients who were admitted within 6 hr
      after the onset of acute myocardial infarction, exhibited high thromboxane B2
      levels (greater than 300 pg/ml plasma) during the first 24 hr, whereas
      thromboxane B2 levels of 9 patients never exceeded 300 pg/ml during that period.
      The former cases were associated with a higher frequency of transmural myocardial
      infarction, accompanying higher cumulative creatine kinase release (1173 +/- 134
      mIU/ml, mean +/- SEM), as compared with the latter cases (393 +/- 104 mIU/ml, P
      less than 0.001). To evaluate the efficacy of selective thromboxane A2 blockade
      on diminution of propagating acute myocardial infarction, another group of
      patients (24 cases) showing transmural myocardial infarction were subjected to
      therapeutic examination employing OKY-1581, a potent thromboxane A2 synthetase
      inhibitor. Eleven randomly selected patients were treated with an infusion of OKY
      1581 (initiated within 6 hr after onset, 2-3 micrograms/kg per min) for 48 hr,
      while 13 patient served as controls. The treated patients exhibited a precipitous
      decrease in thromboxane B2 levels, as compared with the controls, returning to
      the normal range within 12 hr. The creatine kinase release in the treated
      patients was markedly reduced (978 +/- 97 mIU/ml) as compared with that in the
      control patients (1295 +/- 95 mIU/ml, P less than 0.05). These results indicate
      that a marked increase in thromboxane B2 levels is seen during the early phase of
      transmural myocardial infarction, and that OKY-1581-induced reduction of
      thromboxane B2 levels is effective in diminishing creatine kinase release. We
      suggest that an excessive generation of thromboxane A2 is associated with the
      evolution of transmural myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4040501
TI  - Myocardial bridging and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relief of ischemia by
      surgery.
AB  - We describe a case of myocardial bridging of the anterior descending coronary
      artery associated with a non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which was
      corrected by surgery because of a poor response to standard drug therapy. The
      clinical significance of the association is discussed. The possibility of repair
      by surgery should be considered when an area of ischemia supplied by the affected
      vessel is detected and previous medical treatment has been ineffective.

PMID- 4040502
TI  - Haemangiosarcoma of bone.
AB  - Haemangiosarcoma of bone is a very rare primary tumour with a variable history
      and differing radiographic and histological appearances. In some cases the lesion
      has similar features to the so-called "adamantinoma of long bones" in which the
      histogenesis is also unknown. Such a lesion is described which occurred in the
      shaft of the right humerus of a 31-year-old man. Radiographically a centrally
      located area of osteolysis was seen without marginal sclerosis, but with erosion
      of the bony cortex. A biopsy was performed 16 months after the first radiographic
      examination and showed malignant tumour tissue which was difficult to classify
      histomorphologically. Several different neoplasms such as Ewing's sarcoma,
      myeloma, liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma or a bone metastasis were
      suggested. Finally, a haemangiosarcoma or so-called "adamantinoma of long bones"
      was considered. The tumour was completely removed by en-bloc resection. Careful
      histomorphological investigation of the tumour tissue by means of light
      microscopy, cytology and electronmicroscopy showed a vascular pattern
      characteristic of a haemangiosarcoma. Using cytophotometric DNA measurements of
      the tumour cells, the lesion could be classified as being of low-grade
      malignancy. This is confirmed since there has now been a 4-year follow up with no
      local recurrence or metastasis. There are many similarities between a well
      differentiated haemangiosarcoma and an "adamantinoma of long bones". The
      differential diagnosis and the histogenesis of the latter lesion is
      discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040503
TI  - Self-envy, the womb and the nature of goodness. A reappraisal of the death
      instinct.
AB  - The Freudian and Kleinian conceptions of the struggle between 'life' and 'death'
      instincts are not identical. This paper puts forward a model which attempts both
      to reconcile and add to the differences between them, whilst making some
      suggestions about the 'nature of goodness'. Attention is focused on the phantasy
      of returning to the womb and its consequent anxieties to the growing, active ego.
      Such anxiety, and its reverse, can only be moderated by the introjection of an
      object which is capable of creatively resolving the resulting conflicts. When
      envious feelings are not tolerated the impetus for such an introjection is
      reduced, which, in turn, increases the envy.

PMID- 4040504
TI  - Interaction between ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid and their effects on
      nutritional status in man.
AB  - Healthy adults were given four diets, each one for one week: Low ascorbic acid
      diet, low ascorbic acid diet plus acetylsalicylic acid (3 g/d), high ascorbic
      acid diet (1 g/d) and high ascorbic acid diet plus acetylsalicylic acid. At low
      ascorbic acid intake, acetylsalicylic acid increased urinary ascorbic acid, but
      at high ascorbic acid intake, acetylsalicylic acid instead decreased urinary
      ascorbic acid. The latter effect was probably due to an inhibited intestinal
      absorbtion of ascorbic acid, and the former effect may reflect decreased protein
      binding and tissue uptake of ascorbic acid caused by acetylsalicylic acid. In no
      instance, acetylsalicylic acid affected plasma ascorbic acid. The effect of
      ascorbic acid on substances related to lipid peroxidation was investigated. The
      high ascorbic acid diets decreased plasma lipoperoxide and retinol binding
      protein. No change was observed in serum tocopherol, iron status, erythrocyte
      lipid fluorescence, plasma ceruloplasmin, urinary and plasma selenium and
      glutathione peroxidase activity. Thus, one-week supplementation of ascorbic acid
      seems to have only marginal effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status.

PMID- 4040506
TI  - Use of danazol in the management of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Danazol, an impeded androgen, was used for treating three patients with chronic
      idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to corticosteroid therapy.
      Sustained remission was achieved in one of the three cases. A temporary response
      was obtained in the second patient. In the last case, platelet count improved,
      but the patient died of severe interstitial pneumonitis. These observations
      confirm recent reports on the efficacy of danazol in the management of ITP and
      indicate that danazol treatment improves platelet counts in the majority of
      patients with refractory ITP, and in some cases may obviate the need for
      splenectomy.

PMID- 4040505
TI  - Pharmacology of mitoxantrone: mode of action and pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Although a number of investigators have established that mitoxantrone
      (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis and
      intercalates with DNA in vitro, its exact mechanism of action is unclear.
      Mitoxantrone is structurally related to a series of substituted anthraquinones
      and has features known to be essential for DNA intercalation; however, we have
      determined recently that mitoxantrone binds DNA in intact L1210 leukemia cells by
      a non-intercalative, electrostatic interaction and induces both protein
      associated and non-protein associated DNA strand scissions. The difference
      between mitoxantrone and doxorubicin with respect to their interactions with DNA
      could account for their relative lack of cross-resistance in the treatment of
      lymphoma and acute leukemia. Distribution and half-life data provide a
      pharmacological rationale for the use of mitoxantrone on an intermittent dosing
      schedule. Considerable evidence exists to suggest that mitoxantrone undergoes
      extensive metabolism, probably in the liver. Preliminary data show that abnormal
      liver function leads to decreased rates of total body mitoxantrone clearance,
      suggesting a possible need for dose reduction in patients with severe liver
      dysfunction. The most important route of mitoxantrone elimination appears to be
      fecal. Because of the relatively low urinary excretion it is unlikely that the
      standard drug dose must be reduced in the presence of compromised renal function.

PMID- 4040507
TI  - The effect of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on primary antibody formation in mice.
AB  - The immunoregulatory effect of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, a precursor form of
      active vitamin D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), was examined in three different
      kinds of experimental systems in mice. Oral administration of 0.05 and 0.2
      micrograms/kg of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 augmented the primary immune response
      induced by immunization with 1 X 10(7) sheep erythrocytes, although it did not
      influence a maximal level of antibody formation induced by immunization with 5 X
      10(8) sheep erythrocytes. The same treatment also restored the immune response
      depressed by restraint-stress. Furthermore, 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 suppressed
      the anti-dinitrophenyl plaque-forming cell response enhanced by colchicine
      injection to near the normal level. These results suggest that 1 alpha
      hydroxyvitamin D3 enhanced or suppressed the immune response through activating
      helper and suppressor cells in dependence on the magnitude of the response.

PMID- 4040508
TI  - Immunosuppression by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a structure-activity
      relationship in B6C3F1 and DBA/2 mice.
AB  - The structure-activity relationship of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced
      immunosuppression was investigated using the antibody-forming cell response to
      sheep erythrocytes. Ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were evaluated following
      14 days of subchronic exposure in female B6C3F1 mice. Additionally, the
      immunotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene and 3 of its congeners was evaluated following
      acute exposure. The immunosuppression observed following both subchronic and
      acute exposure was similar to the structure-activity relationship observed for
      the carcinogenicity of the compounds tested. Anthracene, chrysene, benzo(e)pyrene
      and perylene did not significantly suppress the antibody-forming cell response
      compared to the corn oil vehicle controls. Benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene,
      dibenz(a,c)anthracene, and dibenz(a,h)anthracene suppressed the antibody-forming
      cell response by 55 to 91%. The greatest suppression was observed with the 3
      methylcholanthrene and 7,12,-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Studies using mice with
      different susceptibility to aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction demonstrated
      that susceptible mice (B6C3F1) were not as immunosuppressed following exposure to
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as were nonsusceptible mice (DBA/2).

PMID- 4040509
TI  - Presumptive neonatal isoerythrolysis in cats.
AB  - Entire or partial litters of 4 queens died due to hemolytic anemia within 1 to 2
      days of birth. Necropsy and histologic examination of tissues from 6 dead kittens
      were indicative of neonatal isoerythrolysis. Blood samples from affected kittens
      were not available for study. Nevertheless, hemolysins and agglutinins in each
      queen's serum reacted with RBC from 2 sires of the affected litters. These
      antibodies, identified as anti-A, also reacted with the RBC from 64 random-source
      cats.

PMID- 4040510
TI  - Microbial hydroxylation of compactin (ML-236B) and monacolin K.
AB  - The Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune was found to transform compactin (ML
      236B) to 8a-hydroxycompactin. This compound was isolated by solvent extraction
      and column chromatography, and its structure was determined by a combination of
      IR, UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Monacolin K was also converted to the
      corresponding hydroxylated analogue. Data on the inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl co-enzyme A reductase and sterol biosynthesis in vitro are
      presented for these hydroxylated compounds.

PMID- 4040511
TI  - Onset of puberty and duration of the breeding season in Suffolk, Rambouillet,
      Finnish Landrace, Dorset and Finn-Dorset ewe lambs.
AB  - Sixty ewe lambs, 12 each of Suffolk, Dorset, Finnish Landrace, Finn-Dorset and
      Rambouillet born in January and February were used in a study of puberty and
      duration of the first breeding season. Ovulation was monitored via progesterone
      assay of weekly blood samples beginning in July, and estrus via daily checking
      with vasectomized rams. All 60 ewes ovulated but three, one Dorset and two
      Rambouillet failed to show estrus although each had five to seven ovulatory
      cycles. Several ewes showed small progesterone rises, 300 to 500 pg/ml, before
      first ovulation and six (10%) failed to initiate regular cyclicity following the
      first ovulation as defined by progesterone greater than 500 pg/ml. Mean number of
      ovulatory events before the first behavioral estrus ranged from 1.25 for Finnish
      Landrace to 2.20 for Rambouillet ewe lambs (P less than .1). Rambouillets were
      older (277 d; P less than .05) at first estrus than Finns (258 d) and Finn
      Dorsets (260 d), but differences in age at first ovulation were not significant:
      Finn-Dorset, 233 d; Dorset, 234 d; Finn, 235 d; Rambouillet, 240 d; Suffolk, 245
      d. Most cycles were of normal length, with 91.4% between 14 and 20 d.
      Repeatability of cycle length within breed group was .38. Suffolks had
      significantly shorter cycles (16.1 d) than the other four groups (17.0 to 17.4
      d). Finnish Landrace and Finn-Dorset ewes continued to cycle much longer than the
      other groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040512
TI  - Occurrence and characteristics of sclerotic lesions in uterine arteries of
      sterile and multiparous pigs.
AB  - Sows and gilts of the Great White Polish (GWP) breed were classified into groups
      of 10 each: gilts 8 mo of age (A), sows over 1 yr old with an average litter size
      of five (BI) and eleven (BII), 2- to 3-yr-old sows with an average litter size of
      five (CI) and nine (CII), 4- to 6-yr-old sows with an average litter size of six
      (DI) and nine (DII). Gilts of group A were necropsied on d 10 of the estrous
      cycle while sows were necropsied 120 to 360 d postpartum. A blood sample obtained
      by vena cava puncture immediately before exsanguination was quantitated for total
      cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesterol ester, total lipid, triglyceride, high
      and low density lipoprotein and chylomicrons. Postmortem angiograms of the
      uterine vasculature were evaluated for occurrence of arteriosclerotic lesions of
      the arteries and their branches. Sections of blood vessels from areas of
      restriction were examined histologically and quantitated for lipids and
      proteolytic and lipolytic enzyme activities. With the exception of high density
      lipoproteins and chylomicrons, serum concentrations of various lipids increased
      (P less than .01) with age. Restrictions of the lumen were found in uterine
      arteries and their branches of most gilts in group A and in sows in groups B, C
      and D, irrespective of litter size. Histology of uterine artery revealed
      preatherosclerotic lesions in groups B through D. No relationship between the
      incidence and degree of sclerotic lesions and litter size was evident. However,
      the incidence and degree of sclerotic lesions increased with age and parity.
      Results from histopathology were supported by results from measurement of lipids
      and enzyme activities of the uterine artery wall. Conception rates of sows in
      groups C and D were lower than those of group B. Many of these sows (70%) failed
      to conceive during 1 yr even though they displayed normal estrous cycles.

PMID- 4040513
TI  - Microencapsulation of bovine spermatozoa.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of microencapsulation of
      bovine spermatozoa for use in artificial insemination. In Exp. 1, sperm were
      encapsulated at three different concentrations (45, 90 and 180 X 10(6) sperm/ml)
      in either .75- or 1.5-mm (diameter) microcapsules and incubated in vitro for 24 h
      at 37 C. Unencapsulated samples of each concentration served as controls. Capsule
      contents were evaluated for percentage of sperm motility and intact acrosomes at
      2, 12 and 24 h of incubation. Capsule fragility was evaluated after 24 h
      incubation. Viability of spermatozoa was not influenced by sperm concentration or
      capsule size, and compared with controls, cellular injury after encapsulation was
      not apparent. Fragility of capsules was unaffected by capsule size; however, as
      the sperm concentration increased, integrity of the capsules decreased (P less
      than .05). In Exp. 2, using frozen-thawed semen, the effect of egg yolk content,
      presence of glycerol and viability of spermatozoa on the success of
      microencapsulation was measured. The extender was 2.9% sodium citrate with
      glycerol (7% v/v) and either 0, 5, 10 or 15% egg yolk (v/v). Uniformity of
      capsules in size and shape was evaluated subjectively. Capsule integrity and
      uniformity were unaffected by glycerol, sperm viability or egg yolk level up to
      10% v/v; however, encapsulation of spermatozoa in 15%-yolk buffer increased the
      heterogeneity in capsule size and shape. Viability of encapsulated spermatozoa
      was maximal for extenders containing 10 or 15% yolk v/v. Reduced viability for
      the 5% yolk extender was due to pre-encapsulation injury associated with
      freezing. Microencapsulation procedures are compatible with sperm viability and
      can be adapted to an acceptable extender system used in artificial insemination.

PMID- 4040514
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of 2-(2-quinolinyl)-1H-indene-1,3-[2H]-dione
      and other organic-soluble matter in D&C Yellow No. 10.
AB  - A sensitive, reproducible method that uses an Extrelut QE column and liquid
      chromatography (LC) in the reverse phase mode is described for the determination
      of 2-(2-quinolinyl)-1H-indene-1,3-[2H]-dione and other organic-soluble matter
      found in D&C Yellow No. 10. With this method the organic-soluble matter is
      extracted from D&C Yellow No. 10 on an Extrelut QE column, and the extract is
      concentrated and analyzed by LC. Recoveries averaged 104% for 2-(2-quinolinyl)-1H
      indene-1,3-[2H]-dione added to purified D&C Yellow No. 10 at levels ranging from
      0.50 to 5.96 ppm.

PMID- 4040515
TI  - Bovine mitochondrial ribosomes. Elongation factor specificity.
AB  - The activity of bovine mitochondrial ribosomes with elongation factors from a
      variety of sources including the mitochondria of lower eukaryotes, chloroplasts,
      Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm
      has been investigated. Bovine mitochondrial ribosomes are active with homologous
      mitochondrial elongation factor (EF)-G but display no activity with the
      mitochondrial or chloroplast translocases from the lower eukaryote Euglena
      gracilis, with Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis EF-G or with cytoplasmic EF
      2. In contrast to the results obtained with the translocases, E. coli EF-Tu, B.
      subtilis EF-Tu, and Euglena chloroplast EF-Tu all function to a significant
      extent on the mitochondrial ribosomes. Cytoplasmic EF-1 has barely detectable
      activity on the animal mitochondrial ribosomes. The polymerization of
      phenylalanine by these ribosomes is dependent on poly(U), displays a rather broad
      Mg2+ optimum around 12 mM, and proceeds most rapidly at low monovalent ion
      concentrations.

PMID- 4040516
TI  - Dynamics of dioxygen and carbon monoxide binding to soybean leghemoglobin.
AB  - The association of dioxygen and carbon monoxide to soybean leghemoglobin (Lb) has
      been studied by laser flash photolysis at temperatures from 10 to 320 K and times
      from 50 ns to 100 s. Infrared spectra of the bound and the photodissociated state
      were investigated between 10 and 20 K. The general features of the binding
      process in leghemoglobin are similar to the ones found in myoglobin. Below about
      200 K, the photodissociated ligands stay in the heme pocket and rebinding is not
      exponential in time, implying a distributed enthalpy barrier between pocket and
      heme. At around 300 K, ligands migrate from the solvent through the protein to
      the heme pocket, and a steady state is set up between the ligands in the solvent
      and in the heme pocket. The association rate, lambda on, is mainly controlled by
      the final binding step at the heme, the bond formation with the heme iron.
      Differences between Lb and other heme proteins show up in the details of the
      various steps. The faster association rate in Lb compared to sperm whale
      myoglobin (Mb) is due to a faster bond formation. The migration from the solvent
      to the heme pocket is much faster in Lb than in Mb. The low-temperature binding
      (B----A) and the infrared spectra of CO in the bound state A and the
      photodissociated state B are essentially solvent-independent in Mb, but depend
      strongly on solvent in Lb. These features can be correlated with the x-ray
      structure.

PMID- 4040517
TI  - Turnover and short-term regulation of fatty acid binding protein in liver.
AB  - Rat hepatic fatty acid binding protein (hFABP) may play an important role in the
      intracellular transport and metabolism of fatty acids. Recent reports have
      suggested a substantial circadian variation in the amount of hFABP in liver, and
      a half-life of less than 2 h for this protein has been inferred. In the present
      study, the kinetics of hFABP turnover were examined directly. hFABP half-life
      measured after pulse labeling with NaH14CO3 was 3.1 days compared with 2.9 days
      for total cytosol protein. Following double-isotope labeling, the charge isoforms
      of hFABP showed similar rates of turnover, all of which were slower relative to
      whole cytosol protein turnover. Following a 48-h fast, total liver hFABP measured
      by immunoassay fell 65%, paralleling a 60% fall in total cytosol protein.
      Refeeding for 24 h did not lead to a significant recovery of either hFABP or
      total cytosol protein content. No significant change was observed in hFABP
      abundance between mid-light and mid-dark periods of a 24-h light-dark cycle.
      These studies showed that hFABP has a relatively slow rate of turnover and that
      it is not acutely modulated by dietary or diurnal influences.

PMID- 4040518
TI  - Identification of two alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in extracts of
      Rhodotorula glutinis catalyzing deoxyuridine hydroxylation.
AB  - Attempts to isolate deoxyuridine 2'-hydroxylase from Rhodotorula glutinis by the
      procedure of Warn-Cramer et al. (Warn-Cramer, B. J., Macrander, L. A., and
      Abbott, M. T. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10551-10557) have led to the
      identification and partial purification of a newly recognized alpha-ketoglutarate
      requiring oxygenase. This activity, designated deoxyuridine (uridine) 1'
      hydroxylase, in the presence of iron and ascorbate, catalyzes the conversion of
      deoxyuridine (uridine), O2, and alpha-ketoglutarate to uracil, deoxyribonolactone
      (ribonolactone), CO2, and succinate. Incubation of [1'-3H]uridine with this
      activity results in time-dependent formation of uracil concomitant with
      production of CO2 and 3H2O. No Vmax/Km isotope effect is observed on this
      reaction. Uracil production is accompanied by stoichiometric production of
      ribonolactone identified by NMR spectroscopy. Also reported in this paper is the
      partial purification and characterization of the alpha-ketoglutarate-requiring
      enzyme, deoxyuridine 2'-hydroxylase. Incubation of [2'-alpha-3H]deoxyuridine with
      this activity results in concomitant production of uridine and 3H2O. Incubation
      with [2'-beta-3H] deoxyuridine results in the production of uridine whose
      specific activity is identical to that of the starting material. This enzyme
      catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine to uridine with retention of
      configuration. No isotope effect is observed on this transformation.

PMID- 4040519
TI  - Intracellular transport of phosphatidylcholine to the plasma membrane.
AB  - We have used pulse-chase labeling of Chinese hamster ovary cells with choline
      followed by plasma membrane isolation on cationic beads to study the transport of
      phosphatidylcholine from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. We
      have found that the process is rapid (t1/2 [25 degrees C] = 2 min) and not
      affected by energy poisons or by cytochalasin B, colchicine, monensin, or
      carbonyl cyanide p-chlorophenylhydrazone. Cooling cells to 0 degree C effectively
      stops the transport process. The intracellular transport of phosphatidylcholine
      is distinct in several ways from the intracellular transport of cholesterol
      (Kaplan, M. R., and R. D. Simoni, 1985, J. Cell. Biol., 101:446-453).

PMID- 4040520
TI  - Transport of cholesterol from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane.
AB  - We have studied the transport of newly synthesized cholesterol from the
      endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane in Chinese hamster ovary cells using
      a cell fractionation assay. We found that transport is dependent on metabolic
      energy, but that the maintenance of the high differential concentration of
      cholesterol in the plasma membrane is not an energy-requiring process. We have
      tested a variety of inhibitors for their effect on cholesterol transport and
      found that cytochalasin B, colchicine, monensin, cycloheximide, and NH4Cl did not
      have any effect. The cholesterol transport process shows a sharp temperature
      dependence; it ceases at 15 degrees C, whereas cholesterol synthesis continues.
      When synthesis occurs at 15 degrees C, the newly synthesized cholesterol
      accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum and in a low density, lipid-rich vesicle
      fraction. These results suggest that cholesterol is transported via a vesicular
      system.

PMID- 4040522
TI  - Effects of sulphydryl reagents on the structure of dehistonized metaphase
      chromosomes.
AB  - Dehistonized metaphase chromosomes lose their apparent axial organization (the
      'scaffold') and sediment more slowly following exposure to beta-mercaptoethanol
      (BME). We have subsequently treated BME chromosomes with reagents that oxidize
      protein sulphydryls to disulphides, and found that if calcium is also present
      during the oxidation an apparently similar axial structure is restored following
      dehistonization, as seen by microscopic examination. In general, however, we do
      not find that oxidation restores the higher sedimentation rate of dehistonized
      control chromosomes. Analysis of residual core protein in dehistonized
      chromosomes by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fails
      to detect any differences in polypeptide composition related to the state of
      oxidation or to the presence or absence of visible axial organization. Combining
      our results with those of other workers, we conclude that the axial structure
      evident in dehistonized metaphase chromosomes is maintained, at least partially,
      by inter-protein cross-linking, although in vivo this may not be via simple
      disulphide bridges. Additional factors, which we have not yet characterized, but
      which possibly include heavy metal ions, appear to be involved in the axial
      organization existing in vivo.

PMID- 4040521
TI  - Exchange of actin subunits at the leading edge of living fibroblasts: possible
      role of treadmilling.
AB  - Previous observations indicated that the lamellipodium ("leading edge") of
      fibroblasts contains a dense meshwork, as well as numerous bundles (microspikes)
      of actin filaments. Most, if not all, of the filaments have a uniform polarity,
      with the "barbed" end associated with the membrane. I investigated whether and
      how actin subunits exchange in this region by microinjecting living gerbil
      fibroma cells (IMR-33) with actin that had been labeled with
      iodoacetamidotetramethylrhodamine. After incorporation of the labeled actin into
      the lamellipodium, I used a laser microbeam to photobleach a 3-4-micron region at
      and surrounding a microspike, without disrupting the integrity of the structure.
      I then recorded the pattern of fluorescence recovery and analyzed it using a
      combination of TV image intensification and digital image processing techniques.
      Fluorescence recovery was first detected near the edge of the cell and then moved
      toward the cell's center at a constant rate of 0.79 +/- 0.31 micron/min. When
      only part of the lamellipodium near the edge of the cell was photobleached, the
      bleached spot also moved toward the cell's center and through an area unbleached
      by the laser beam. These results indicated that steady state incorporation of
      actin subunits occurred predominantly at the membrane-associated end of actin
      filaments, and that actin subunits in the lamellipodium underwent a constant
      movement toward the center of the cell. I suggest that treadmilling, possibly in
      combination with other molecular interactions, may provide an effective mechanism
      for the movement of actin subunits and the protrusion of cytoplasm in the
      lamellipodium of fibroblasts.

PMID- 4040523
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of the initiation and development of cytasters in sea
      urchin eggs.
AB  - Two approaches were used to study the origin and overall development of cytasters
      in relation to the emergence and maturation of new centrioles in sea-urchin eggs.
      A continuous hypertonic treatment was used to gather information on cytoplasmic
      areas of potential cytaster formation and the subsequent development of these
      cytastral areas. A two-step parthenogenetic stimulation procedure was used to
      analyse various cytastral changes during and after mitosis. Potential cytastral
      areas are associated with extensive Golgi complexes and astral formation occurs
      only about newly induced centrioles. The construction of a single aster involves
      a large redistribution of local cytoplasmic structures, concentrating some
      components, excluding others and orienting more and more microtubules in an
      increasingly focussed arrangement. These events are correlated with an extensive
      accumulation of astral endoplasmic reticulum, an increase in the size of the
      astral area, and a gradual acquisition of a more typical radial configuration.
      The astral shape becomes more pronounced during mitosis, after which the
      cytasters regress, but retain the mature centrioles. The data reveal that
      cytaster formation is initiated after the activation and appearance of centriolar
      precursor bodies, and that both centrioles and associated cytasters are
      complementary structures, which develop in unison. The results suggest that
      developing centrioles, from the moment of their emergence, control and direct the
      events of cytastral formation.

PMID- 4040524
TI  - The specificity and stability of the triton-extracted cytoskeletal framework of
      gerbil fibroma cells.
AB  - Cellular meshworks and topography of gerbil fibroma cells can be preserved by
      gentle extraction procedures using Triton X-100. We determined the stability and
      specificity of these cytoskeletal frameworks by measuring extraction rate and its
      sensitivity to exogenous protein. Two buffers were used, which mimicked the
      intracellular and extracellular ionic environments. With both buffers, extraction
      was nearly complete at 5 min. This pattern of extraction was seen both in 5- and
      9-day-old cultures. The same pattern of extraction was seen when three different
      dilutions of cells were examined the second day after plating. Thus, extraction
      rate was largely independent of minor variations in ionic composition, age in
      culture, or cell density. Specificity of the cytoskeletal frameworks so produced
      was determined by competition with two different exogenous proteins (bovine serum
      albumin or ovalbumin), which did not remove any additional material from the
      cytoskeletal frameworks, even with over 10% exogenous protein in the extraction
      buffer. This pattern of extraction is not unique to gerbil fibroma cells. A
      similar pattern of extraction was seen for a series of cells: mouse 3T3 cells,
      3T6 cells and SVPY 3T3 cells. These experiments indicate that the cytoskeletal
      framework produced by Triton extraction under appropriate conditions is stable
      after extraction for a period of 10 min or longer, and that the structures are
      specific, in that they are not disrupted by the presence of exogenous proteins.

PMID- 4040525
TI  - Glycogen metabolism and the nuclear envelope-annulate lamella system in the early
      chick embryo.
AB  - The intracellular sites of glycogen degradation in the mid to late uterine chick
      embryo were determined by cytochemical localization of glucose-6-phosphatase at
      the ultrastructural level. Enzyme activity was found between the two membranes of
      the nuclear envelope, in the annulate lamellae and in specialized glycogen
      containing membrane scrolls. Annulate lamellae and glycogen scrolls were most
      frequent during the stages of intensive glycogen degradation. Annulate lamellae
      appear to be formed from the nuclear envelope. During the early post-laying
      stages annulate lamellae disappeared and were replaced by endoplasmic reticulum
      that appeared initially in scroll-like formations.

PMID- 4040526
TI  - Analysis of soybean sapogenins by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method for the analysis of soybean sapogenins is described. The method is based
      on the extraction of soybean saponins from a defatted sample. The triterpene
      glycosides are then hydrolysed with subsequent analysis of the liberated
      sapogenins by high-performance liquid chromatography using gradient elution and
      mass detection. By use of a sapogenin/carbohydrate ratio, an estimate of the
      total saponin content can be made.

PMID- 4040527
TI  - Determination of homocysteine in urine.

PMID- 4040528
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of molecular
      species of alkyl ether, vinyl ether, and monoacyl lysophospholipids.
AB  - An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was
      developed which resolved individual molecular species of choline and ethanolamine
      lysophospholipids utilizing a C13 bonded porous silica stationary phase with a
      mobile phase comprised of methanol--water--acetonitrile (57:23:20) containing 20
      mM choline chloride. Solute retention was primarily determined by hydrophobic
      interactions with the stationary phase permitting separation of individual
      molecular species of lysophospholipids according to the composition of the
      aliphatic chain and the nature of its covalent attachment to the sn-1 hydroxyl
      group. The elution profile of unsaturated monoacyllysophospholipid or
      lysoplasmalogen molecular species was readily obtained by measuring UV absorbance
      at 203 nm. Identification of column eluates containing saturated monoacyl and
      alkyl ether lysophospholipids was possible utilizing relative retention factors
      that were obtained for the majority of molecular species present in animal
      tissues.

PMID- 4040529
TI  - Aging alters somatomedin-C-dexamethasone synergism in the stimulation of
      deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and replication of cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - The effects of dexamethasone on somatomedin-C (SM-C) stimulation of [3H]thymidine
      incorporation and cell replication were studied in early passage fibroblasts from
      normal donors, aged 7-24 yr (young) and 85-96 yr (old), and one patient with
      progeria. Preincubation of cells from young donors with dexamethasone
      dramatically enhanced SM-C stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation [e.g. 19-
      vs. 3-fold in serum-free medium; 66- vs. 14-fold in 0.25% human hypopituitary
      serum (HHS)], with no alteration in the timing of peak thymidine incorporation.
      In contrast, preincubation of cells from old and progeric donors with
      dexamethasone resulted in a 6- to 12-hr lengthening of the prereplicative period
      and, generally, little or no synergism with SM-C. Cells from old and progeric
      donors had a normal replicative response to SM-C with or without 0.25% HHS. In
      cells from young donors, dexamethasone enhanced the SM-C-stimulated increase in
      cell number 32-49% in serum-free medium and 70-189% in 0.25% HHS. In comparison,
      dexamethasone had no potentiating effect on SM-C stimulation of multiplication of
      cells from old and progeric donors. These data indicate that dexamethasone and SM
      C are synergistic in stimulating DNA synthesis and replication of fibroblasts
      from young donors, but that this synergism is impaired in cells from aged and
      progeric donors.

PMID- 4040530
TI  - Somatotropic adenoma manifested by galactorrhea without acromegaly.
AB  - In two of eight premenopausal women with somatotropic adenomas, galactorrhea was
      the earliest clinical feature, associated in one patient with amenorrhea. These
      two patients did not have clinically evident acromegaly. Mean basal serum GH
      levels were elevated and did not decrease after glucose ingestion. Both patients
      had modest hyperprolactinemia. Histological and immunocytological studies of the
      adenomas showed numerous adenomatous somatotropic cells and some alpha-subunit-
      and PRL-containing cells. In these patients, the origin of the hyperprolactinemia
      was not clear. In one patient, elevated GH secretion was probably responsible for
      the galactorrhea, since it disappeared after surgical treatment despite
      persistence of hyperprolactinemia. In conclusion, galactorrhea, isolated or
      associated with amenorrhea, can be the only clinical manifestation of a
      somatotropic adenoma.

PMID- 4040532
TI  - Antineurofilament antibody: an increased incidence in murine chronic measles
      encephalitis and the use of rat sciatic nerve sections as substratum.
AB  - Virus-associated autoimmune phenomena were investigated in the HNT-C57BL/6
      chronic measles encephalitic mouse system. The incidence of serum
      antineurofilament autoantibodies was studied by an indirect immunofluorescence
      procedure using a FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin. Transversely
      cut cryostat sections of rat sciatic nerve post-treated with 1% Triton X-100 was
      used as substratum and had the advantages of increased reliability and
      reproducibility of neurofilament (NF) antibody titrations compared to the
      previously described longitudinal spinal cord sections. An increased incidence of
      anti-NF autoantibody was observed in sera from acutely, subacutely, chronically
      and asymptomatically infected mice compared to uninfected or mock-infected mice
      suggesting an association between the appearance of anti-NF antibody and HNT
      measles virus infection of the CNS.

PMID- 4040531
TI  - Transport of equine estrogens: binding of conjugated and unconjugated equine
      estrogens with human serum proteins.
AB  - The binding of ring B unsaturated equine estrogens, equilin sulfate (EqS),
      equilin (Eq), and 17 beta-dihydroequilin (17 beta-Eq) with human serum proteins
      was determined and compared with the binding of estrone sulfate (E1S), estrone
      (E1), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha
      DHT). Undiluted serum or 5% human serum albumin (HSA) was incubated with 3H
      labeled steroids at 37 C, then subjected to gel filtration at 4 C. Gel filtration
      of serum from Premarin-treated postmenopausal women or normal women incubated
      with Eq, E1, E2, or 5 alpha-DHT showed two peaks of radioactivity associated with
      proteins with average apparent mol wt of 128,000 and 68,000 and average Stokes
      radii of 48.6 and 34.9 A. These values correspond to those reported for sex
      hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin, respectively. Binding to SHBG and
      albumin was confirmed by removing SHBG or albumin from the serum with
      Concanavalin-A Sepharose 4B gel or CM-Affi Gel Blue, respectively. In the case of
      [3H]EqS and [3H]E1S, binding to SHBG was not detectable, and only a peak of
      radioactivity associated with albumin was found. However, under these conditions,
      the binding of estrogens to SHBG in serum from normal men was not detectable.
      Incubation of the above steroids with 5% HSA followed by gel filtration resulted
      in a single peak of radioactivity associated with the protein peak. Using
      ultrafiltration dialysis followed by Scatchard analysis, at least two sets of
      binding sites were found for the interaction of HSA with EqS or E1S. The high and
      low affinity binding sites had association constants k1 and k2 of approximately
      0.9-1.1 (X 10(5) M-1) and 0.5-0.8 (X 10(4) M-1). In contrast with Eq and E1, only
      the low affinity binding sites were found (apparent Ka congruent to 1 X 10(4) M
      1). The binding constants of some estrogens and androgens to SHBG at 37 C
      determined by competitive Scatchard analysis using DEAE filter assay and [3H]5
      alpha-DHT were 0.15, 0.07, 0.22, 0.29, 2.70, and 4.53 (X 10(9) M-1) for Eq, E1,
      17 beta-Eq, E2, T, and 5 alpha-DHT, respectively. These results indicate that the
      equine estrogens bind to SHBG and albumin in a manner similar to that of E1 and
      E2, and that the low MCR of EqS reported previously may be due to its binding to
      albumin.

PMID- 4040533
TI  - Effect of forskolin on phosphorylation of a 25,000 Mr protein in perfused guinea
      pig hearts.
AB  - The effects of forskolin on phosphorylation of proteins of a 100,000 X g fraction
      was examined in isolated beating guinea pig hearts. Hearts were perfused with
      [32P] inorganic phosphate to label intracellular adenine nucleotides. Forskolin
      was injected into the coronary circulation and after freeze-clamping,
      phosphorylated proteins in a fraction were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis. Forskolin increased the incorporation into a
      25,000 Mr protein approximately 15 fold over control. Incorporation of label was
      time and dose dependent and was temporally coincident with increases in developed
      tension. A sarcolemmal fraction prepared from perfused hearts contained a similar
      25,000 Mr protein. The data provides evidence that forskolin induced inotropy is
      accompanied by cAMP-dependent protein kinase mediated phosphorylation. The
      phosphorylation may be of the same protein whose phosphorylation is associated
      with epinephrine-induced increase in contractility.

PMID- 4040534
TI  - High-oil, high-protein diets and milk secretion by cows.
AB  - Intakes of grass silage and yield and composition of milk were examined in cows
      given high-protein diets to which two quantities of soybean oil had been added
      either as intracellular or extracellular inclusions. Adding extra protein to the
      diet did not prevent reduction of dry matter intakes of forage when soybean oil
      was added to the diet of cows. There is a fundamental difference in the mechanism
      by which high-starch diets reduce intake of forage dry matter from that of high
      oil diets. In diets containing extracellular unsaturated oils, concentration of
      oil in the total ration, not the amount of oil per se, is the primary determinant
      reducing milk fat percentage.

PMID- 4040535
TI  - Diurnal temperature patterns of early lactating cows with milking parlor cooling.
AB  - Ten cows in early stages of lactation (less than 100 days postpartum) were used
      to test the effect of sprinkler/fan cooling on vaginal temperature patterns. Cows
      were assigned to two groups matched according to milk production. The trial was
      divided into three periods: period 1, when one group was treated and the other
      group was not, period 2, when neither group was treated, and period 3, when
      treatment was switched from period 1 between groups. Treatment consisted of
      forced air misting in a premilking holding pen, fan cooling during milking, and
      forced air-sprinkling in a postmilking holding area. Weather conditions were
      measured by dry bulb, wet bulb, and black globe temperatures. Black globe
      temperatures in pre- and postmilking holding areas were used to estimate
      treatment magnitude. All measures were obtained through radiotelemetry at 15-min
      intervals for 31 days. Animals were milked twice a day. Animals spent an average
      of 140 min in treatment at each milking. In both morning and afternoon milking,
      treatment caused a transient increase of body temperature. However, this was
      followed in the afternoon by low vaginal temperatures for 1 to 2 h beyond
      treatment with lower temperatures throughout the day.

PMID- 4040537
TI  - [Genetic model of stress-induced arterial hypertension].

PMID- 4040536
TI  - [Synapses as the factors of integration potentials of the central nervous
      system].

PMID- 4040538
TI  - The effect of chloride-containing potassium supplements on chloride titrator
      estimates of dietary sodium intake.
AB  - To examine the effect of chloride-containing potassium supplements on chloride
      titrator estimates of dietary sodium intake, we gave normal subjects diet
      containing 10, 100, or 200 mEq/d sodium in random order either as such, or
      supplemented with one of two potassium supplements. One regimen consisted of
      potassium 45 mEq/d with 12 mEq/d chloride and 33 mEq/d of citrate and gluconate;
      the other contained 48 mEq/d potassium and 48mEq/d chloride. Increased potassium
      intake with either supplemented regimen resulted in increased 24-hour potassium
      excretion, which was manifested in only the diurnal collections. Increased
      chloride intake resulted in increased urinary chloride excretion both during the
      day and at night. At all chloride intakes, urinary sodium and chloride excretion
      were highly correlated. The 48 mEq/d chloride intake generated a relationship
      with the same slope but with a different intercept from the other two regimens.
      The highest chloride intake resulted in a greater chloride titrator reading;
      however, the relationship was sufficiently predictable that adjustments in
      interpretation could be easily made. We conclude that if daily potassium chloride
      intake is known, chloride titrators continue to be reliable tools for estimating
      dietary sodium intake.

PMID- 4040539
TI  - [Glycosylated hemoglobin and monitoring of diabetic retinopathy].
AB  - The value of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) has been determined in diabetic
      patients with simple or proliferative retinopathy and in those without
      retinopathy. The mean value of HbA1 is significantly more highly elevated in
      patients with retinopathy than in those without retinopathy. Progressive
      augmentation of the value of HbA1 signifies a risk of deterioration of the
      retinopathy, whether it is a simple retinopathy or proliferative retinopathy.

PMID- 4040540
TI  - [Ovarian cancer 5 years after hysterectomy with adnexectomy for a benign lesion.
      Apropos of a case].
AB  - The rare and strange evolution of an ovarian tumour in a woman of 58 years of
      age. Extraordinary in its method of presentation and interesting because of the
      way it was decided to treat it and because of the theories concerning its
      physiopathology. A pelvic mass that appeared 5 years after hysterectomy with
      bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for a fibroid proved to be an ovarian cancer. The
      diagnosis was difficult and the treatment very complicated.

PMID- 4040541
TI  - [Changes in % free testosterone and sex-hormone binding globulin during danazol
      administration].
AB  - To clarify the androgen balance on the administration of danazol a study was
      conducted on the levels of % free testosterone (% free T) and sex-hormone-binding
      globulin (SHBG) during the therapy and the binding properties of danazol to SHBG
      and androgen receptor. It was found that danazol displaced testosterone (T) from
      SHBG and R1881 from androgen receptor, in vitro. During treatment with danazol,
      levels of % free T were increased about three fold, but in contrast the SHBG
      concentration were significantly decreased. Similar changes in % free T were
      observed by computer simulation. These data suggest that the androgenic effects
      of danazol were the results of increased free T levels by the T-displacing
      ability of danazol from SHBG. The concentration of SHBG might be reduced as a
      consequence of increased levels of free T. On the other hand, danazol binding to
      androgen receptor might partially inhibit the action of excess amounts of free T,
      because the androgenization during therapy was too weak to compare the levels of
      free T.

PMID- 4040542
TI  - [Cisplatin and ovarian carcinoma--early detection of cisplatin-induced
      nephrotoxicity].
AB  - Cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (CDDP) has recently been introduced for the
      treatment of human malignancies. CDDP belongs to the group of heavy metals and
      has nephrotoxicity, whose side effects limit the dose that can be used in
      patients. The urinary excretion of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl
      transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), arylamidase (AA) activity
      and beta 2-microglobulin was determined in ovarian cancer patients receiving
      sequential combination chemotherapy with CDDP, adriamycin (ADM) and
      cyclophosphamide (CPA) (PAC chemotherapy) to evaluate the sensitivity of these
      indices for acute renal tubular damage and compared with the change in serum BUN,
      Cr and Ccr values. Increases in enzyme excretion after PAC chemotherapy were more
      often noticed and the urinary enzyme activity varied up to the 10.4-fold of the
      control, while serum BUN, Cr and Ccr values remained almost within normal limits.
      Enzyme excretion returned almost to the normal value in one week. A comparison
      between the urinary enzyme excretion especially AA value and serum BUN, Cr and
      Ccr values indicated that the serial determination of the urinary AA excretion
      pattern is more useful in detecting CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity than that of
      serum BUN, Cr and Ccr values.

PMID- 4040543
TI  - The antiestrogenic effect of clomiphene on perineal tumescence of the baboon in
      an in vitro fertilization program.
AB  - In a nonhuman primate in vitro fertilization program clomiphene citrate was used
      to superovulate the chacma baboon Papio ursinus. The antiestrogenic effect of
      clomiphene citrate was demonstrated locally on the perineal tumescence. In
      comparing the result of 50 spontaneous cycles and 18 clomiphene citrate
      stimulated cycles, there was a statistical significant influence on cycle length
      and duration and degree of perineal swelling. This inhibitory effect on perineal
      tumescence of the baboon is another example of a local antiestrogenic effect of
      this drug. Furthermore, it nullified an important clinical parameter of ensuing
      ovulation.

PMID- 4040544
TI  - One year of ethanol feeding increases circulating thyroid hormones in the dog.
AB  - Nine greyhound dogs were fed ethanol for 1 year to examine the effects of long
      term ethanol feeding on circulating thyroid hormones. The dose of ethanol
      consumed per day was 2 gm/kg for the first month, 3 gm/kg for the second month,
      and 4 gm/kg for the rest of the study. Plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine
      (T4), and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) were measured by radioimmunoassay.
      Plasma T3 and T4 concentrations increased significantly during the period of
      ethanol administration compared with control values (ANOVA, P less than 0.005).
      Levels of rT3 showed a trend to increase, although this was not significant.
      Resin T3 uptake decreased significantly (ANOVA, P less than 0.005) and the
      calculated free T4 index and free T3 index showed significant elevations (ANOVA,
      P less than 0.005) during ethanol administration. The results of this study
      indicate that long-term ethanol feeding to dogs induces an increase in
      circulating thyroid hormones.

PMID- 4040545
TI  - Adenoid histamine and its possible relationship to secretory otitis media.
AB  - We have shown that adenoid tissue contains large amounts of the inflammatory
      mediator histamine. Children with fluid present in both ears at operation were
      found to have increased amounts of histamine in their adenoid tissue compared to
      a group with no signs or symptoms of SOM. Also mouth breathing and nasal
      obstruction were associated with adenoid histamine content whereas other signs
      and symptoms were not. No significant differences in adenoid weight were seen
      between SOM and non SOM patients. Histamine, both free and cell-associated, was
      found in nasopharyngeal secretions and middle-ear fluid although the source and
      mechanism of release has not yet been identified. We suggest that the benefits of
      adenoidectomy in children with SOM may possibly come from removing a potential
      source of inflammatory mediators in the vicinity of the Eustachian tube.

PMID- 4040546
TI  - Multiple molecular forms of prolactin during pregnancy in women.
AB  - The distribution of isomorphic forms of prolactin in the serum of pregnant women
      was studied by gel filtration chromatography. Using this technique we were able
      to resolve three peaks, detected by radioimmunoassay: they were termed 'big-big',
      'big' and 'little' prolactin in order of decreasing size, with approximate
      molecular weights greater than 100 000, 50 000 and 21 000 respectively. They
      displayed a comparable immunoreactivity to the antiserum employed in the
      radioimmunoassay, as determined in competition experiments. The relative amount
      of each hormone form in serum changed during the third trimester of pregnancy. At
      week 33 of pregnancy, 'little' prolactin accounted for 63.2 +/- 7.7% of the total
      circulating hormone present in the serum of five normal pregnant women. During
      the progression of pregnancy, there was a gradual increase in the low molecular
      weight prolactin, so that, at the time of delivery, the larger forms of the
      hormone were present only in small amounts.

PMID- 4040547
TI  - Role of the uterine cervix in inhibition of sexual behaviour in lactating rats.
AB  - Treatment of ovariectomized rats with progesterone-filled constant-release
      implants, which increased serum progesterone concentrations to 99.4 +/- 5.0
      nmol/l, facilitated the induction of lordosis behaviour by subsequent treatment
      with oestradiol benzoate (OB, 10 micrograms). Concurrent treatment with the
      dopamine receptor antagonist domperidone (two daily injections of 2.5 mg/rat),
      which increased serum prolactin concentrations, did not inhibit the behavioural
      response of ovariectomized progesterone-treated rats to OB. If the treatment was
      combined with stimulation of the uterine cervix it inhibited lordosis to a level
      which was comparable with that of progesterone-domperidone-treated rats, which
      had been ovariectomized and from which the pups had been removed on the day of
      parturition. The cervical stimulation did not increase the amount of prolactin
      secreted by the pituitary gland in response to an injection of domperidone. The
      behavioural effect of cervical stimulation was blocked by injecting an
      anaesthetic paste (0.1 ml lidocain-prilocain) intravaginally against the cervix.
      The effect of cervical stimulation, or of parturition, lasted only for a few days
      and sexual behaviour was inhibited during a prolonged period of lactation.
      Sucking by the pups on the nipples of the mother may be required for preventing
      sexual behaviour during the entire period of lactation.

PMID- 4040548
TI  - Thyrotrophin stimulation of mitogenesis of the rat thyroid cell strain FRTL-5: a
      metaphase index assay for the detection of thyroid growth stimulators.
AB  - Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) has been shown to stimulate mitosis in cultures
      of the continuous thyroid cell strain FRTL-5, and this system may be used to
      quantify the growth-promoting effects of thyroid stimulators. Removal of TSH from
      the culture medium led to a progressive decline in the metaphase index (MI) to
      zero, after 7 days. Thus the cell culture conditions may be manipulated so that
      metaphases are absent in control cultures, i.e. in the absence of TSH.
      Restimulation with TSH caused an increase in mitosis only after a lag-phase of 20
      24 h. A maximum MI was observed between 40 and 50 h, with a secondary peak
      between 70 and 75 h. An immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparation from a thyrotoxic
      patient with a small goitre which was a potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase in
      these cells produced a similar time-course. A dose-response relationship to TSH
      was obtained 47 h after addition of the hormone. Significant stimulation was
      observed with 10 mu. TSH/l, and maximal stimulation with 1 unit TSH/l; the
      highest dose tested (10 units TSH/1) slightly decreased the MI below the maximum.
      Stimulation of these cells appeared to be TSH specific, since FSH, human
      chorionic gonadotrophin, LH and isoproterenol did not induce mitosis. Epidermal
      growth factor under the experimental conditions employed was unable to induce
      mitosis. However, an increase in mitosis was observed with the adenylate cyclase
      stimulator forskolin. These experiments confirm the mitogenic properties of TSH
      and we describe a metaphase index assay for the detection of thyroid growth
      promotors.

PMID- 4040549
TI  - Intersexuality in five pigs, with particular reference to oestrous cycles, the
      ovotestis, steroid hormone secretion and potential fertility.
AB  - Reproductive tissues, steroid hormone secretion, and sexual behaviour have been
      examined in five gilts, in each of which the right gonad was an ovotestis.
      Although from different females, these animals were sired by the same boar and
      each possessed an XX sex chromosome constitution as determined by karyotype
      analysis of blood cells. Despite variable amounts of testicular tissue in the
      ovotestis and unilateral development of a prominent epididymis, four of the
      animals had oestrous cycles of normal duration (20-22 days) and extended periods
      of standing oestrus (3-6 days). The fifth animal did not have detectable oestrous
      cycles but was extremely aggressive in the presence of a mature boar. Two of the
      gilts were mated, and there were small numbers of embryos in each uterine horn 23
      and 26 days later. Removal of the ovary did not prompt compensatory hypertrophy
      in the ovarian portion of the ovotestis, nor did injection of pregnant mare serum
      gonadotrophin stimulate detectable follicular growth in ovarian tissue adjoining
      testicular tissue. Concerning the aetiology of this intersex condition, the
      unilateral appearance of an ovotestis precludes any simple involvement of a
      translocated portion of the Y chromosome or systemic effects of unusual titres of
      the putative H-Y antigen. However, bearing in mind a predisposition to gonadal
      asymmetry in eutherian mammals, a case is advanced for apposition or
      incorporation of adrenocortical tissue in the right embryonic ovary. The
      resultant virilization of neighbouring reproductive tissues would stem from
      adrenocortical androgen synthesis.

PMID- 4040550
TI  - High-dose versus low-dose cisplatin in advanced head and neck squamous carcinoma:
      a randomized study.
AB  - From November 1981 to February 1983, 64 patients with advanced head and neck
      squamous carcinoma were randomly treated with either high-dose (120 mg/m2) or low
      dose (60 mg/m2) cisplatin. Of the 62 eligible patients, 59 were evaluable: the
      response rate observed in patients receiving high-dose and low-dose cisplatin was
      16.1% and 17.8%, respectively. Survival was superimposable in the two treatment
      arms. No evidence of dose dependency of cisplatin activity in advanced head and
      neck squamous carcinoma was noted in this randomized trial.

PMID- 4040551
TI  - Curative testis cancer therapy: psychosocial sequelae.
AB  - We examined the long-term impact of advanced testis cancer and its curative
      therapies on emotional states and outlook on life, employment, intimate
      relationships, and sexual function. The sample consisted of 74 nonseminomatous
      and seminomatous tumor patients who had completed treatment two to ten years ago.
      The majority of men felt that surviving the debilitating treatment(s) was both an
      accomplishment and worthwhile trade-off. Neither the rate of unemployment (7%)
      nor divorce (10%) was remarkable. The most critical outcome was in the area of
      sexual functioning. One fourth to one half of the men reported some type of
      sexual impairment. Multiple regression results indicate that ejaculatory
      dysfunction, a side effect of the retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, is
      significantly associated with distress about both infertility and sexual
      impairment. Men with sexual impairment report more psychological symptoms,
      strained intimate relationships, and negative changes in other areas of life
      functioning. These data, while not definitive, suggest that there are delayed
      effects and that the subgroup of men, who are least likely to disclose these
      problems to physicians, are at greater risk for the deleterious outcomes.

PMID- 4040552
TI  - A comparison of the antiemetic efficacy of prochlorperazine and metoclopramide
      for the treatment of cisplatin-induced emesis: a prospective, randomized, double
      blind study.
AB  - This study compared high-dose metoclopramide and prochlorperazine for their
      antiemetic activities in the treatment of patients with solid tumors receiving
      cisplatin-based cancer chemotherapy, in a prospective, double-blind fashion.
      Sixty patients were entered in the study, and 28 patients on each regimen were
      evaluable. For regimen 1, metoclopramide was given intravenously (IV) over 15
      minutes at a dose of 2 mg/kg 30 minutes before, 30 minutes after, and three hours
      after treatment with cisplatin. In regimen 2, prochlorperazine was given IV 30
      minutes before and three hours after the cisplatin; a placebo was administered at
      30 minutes after cisplatin. There was no statistically significant difference
      between the two regimens in their antiemetic efficacies during the first three
      hours. For emesis that occurred from three to 24 hours after administration of
      cisplatin, prochlorperazine was marginally superior. The median number of emeses
      in the metoclopramide regimen was 2.5 (range, 0 to 10+) compared to 1.0 (range, 0
      to 10+) in the prochlorperazine regimen. This is not a significant difference.
      The overall incidence of adverse reactions was greater in the metoclopramide
      regimen, with drowsiness being the most common toxicity for both antiemetic
      programs. Thus, IV high-dose metoclopramide and prochlorperazine are similar and
      effective in the management of cisplatin-induced emesis. IV prochlorperazine at
      20-mg dosage is surprisingly effective.

PMID- 4040554
TI  - Cholecystokinin potentiates dopamine-mediated behaviors: evidence for modulation
      specific to a site of coexistence.
AB  - Cholecystokinin coexists with dopamine in mesolimbic neurons in mammalian brain.
      When injected directly into the nucleus accumbens, cholecystokinin (CCK)
      potentiated dopamine (DA)-induced hyperlocomotion and apomorphine-induced
      stereotypy. These effects were not mimicked by nonsulfated CCK, but were blocked
      by proglumide, a putative CCK antagonist, as well as by antisera raised against
      sulfated CCK. CCK alone had no effect on locomotion or sterotypy, indicating that
      this peptide acts primarily as a modulator of DA-mediated behaviors in the
      mesolimbic pathway. In addition, CCK did not potentiate DA-induced
      hyperlocomotion or apomorphine-induced stereotypy when injected into the caudate
      nucleus, where CCK and DA are localized in separate neurons in rats. Facilitation
      of DA-mediated behaviors by CCK may represent a functional interaction specific
      to the neuromodulator-neurotransmitter coexistence phenomenon.

PMID- 4040553
TI  - Antiemetic efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone versus placebo in patients
      receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy: a randomized double-blind controlled
      clinical trial.
AB  - The antiemetic effect of short courses of high-dose dexamethasone was compared
      with that of placebo in 64 patients receiving cisplatin-based cancer
      chemotherapy, in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. All patients were
      receiving cisplatin for the first time. Dexamethasone was given intravenously
      (IV) at a dose of 20 mg, two hours before and 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours after
      chemotherapy. Patients were crossed over to dexamethasone on the second cycle of
      chemotherapy if they experienced unacceptable gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity
      after initial treatment with placebo. Nine of 32 patients receiving dexamethasone
      and seven of 32 patients receiving placebo did not vomit. The median duration of
      nausea was significantly shorter (one-half hour) for the dexamethasone-treated
      group compared with that of placebo (31/2 hours). The number of patients who
      experienced unacceptable GI toxicity was significantly greater (53%) for the
      placebo patients than for those treated with dexamethasone (25%). Patients
      crossing over to dexamethasone after initially receiving placebo had a median
      duration of nausea of 11/2 hours and 24% did not vomit, results comparable to the
      first treatment group. We conclude that high-dose dexamethasone is only minimally
      effective as an antiemetic agent in patients receiving cisplatin-based
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 4040555
TI  - Gangliosides alter morphology and growth of astrocytes and increase the activity
      of choline acetyltransferase in cultures of dissociated septal cells.
AB  - Administration of gangliosides has been reported to stimulate regeneration of
      motoneurons and of central dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons. To shed light on
      the mechanism by which gangliosides mediate the effects on cholinergic neurons,
      we studied their actions on cultures of cells dissociated from the septal area of
      fetal rat brains. These cultures contain cholinergic neurons, which, in vivo,
      give rise to the cholinergic septo-hippocampal pathway. Gangliosides produced
      prominent changes in the morphological appearance of the cultures. In contrast to
      control cultures, which contained many process-bearing cells and a confluent
      layer of flat cells, there were no flat cells in cultures grown in the presence
      of gangliosides (0.2 to 0.8 mg/ml of medium). Using immunocytochemical
      visualization of the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acid protein, it was
      shown that all astrocytes in cultures grown in the presence of gangliosides
      exhibited the morphology of process-bearing cells, whereas in control cultures
      astrocytes represented the majority of the flat cells. Furthermore, gangliosides
      attenuated astrocytic proliferation. The effects of gangliosides apparently were
      not mediated by cAMP, since they could be differentiated from actions of
      forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase. Astrocytic growth and morphology
      were affected by ganglioside mixtures of various sources and composition and also
      by the pure gangliosides GM1 and GD1a, whereas lipid and carbohydrate components
      of gangliosides were ineffective. In contrast to the prominent effects on
      astrocytes, gangliosides failed to significantly alter survival or fiber growth
      of cholinergic neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040556
TI  - Depletion of norepinephrine, but not serotonin, reduces long-term potentiation in
      the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices.
AB  - Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus is a long-lasting enhancement of
      synaptic efficacy produced by a brief, high frequency repetitive stimulation of
      afferents. LTP has generated a great deal of interest as a candidate mechanism in
      learning and memory. A recent in vivo study has shown that depletion of
      norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) reduced LTP in the
      dentate gyrus produced by stimulation of the perforant path. However, it was
      impossible to tell whether this resulted from depletion in the hippocampus,
      itself, or was secondary to depletion of other brain areas, and no comparison
      between hippocampal cell fields was done. Therefore, we have examined the effects
      of depletion of NE or 5-HT on LTP in the dentate and field CA1 of the isolated in
      vitro hippocampal slice preparation. We report here that NE depletion markedly
      reduces the occurrence and amplitude of LTP in the dentate, but not in field CA1.
      In contrast, depletion of 5-HT does not prevent occurrence of LTP in either area.
      Furthermore, pharmacologic data indicate that beta-receptor stimulation of
      adenylate cyclase is probably the mechanism of NE's action in the production of
      LTP in the dentate. These results suggest that endogenous hippocampal NE is more
      important to LTP in the dentate than is endogenous 5-HT.

PMID- 4040557
TI  - Effects of different soybean meals on the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia in
      the chicken.
AB  - Interexperimental variation in the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia of
      chickens that occurred in studies on the effect of dietary calcium, phosphorus
      and cholecalciferol metabolites was apparent from previous reports from this
      laboratory. Since the source of commercial soybean meal used in the diets was
      known to change, studies were conducted to evaluate different sources of soybean
      meal on the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. A series of experiments
      demonstrated that the soybean meals from one source consistently produced a high
      incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (34-69%); whereas soybean meals from a
      different source consistently produced low incidences (14-28%). This same
      relationship was found with soybean meals from these two plants produced a year
      apart. When the levels of two soybean meals that produced a high incidence of
      tibial dyschondroplasia were reduced in the diet from 35 to 24 12% the incidence
      of tibial dyschondroplasia was reduced from 60 and 69% to 25 and 20% to 15 and
      10%, respectively. The most striking difference between the meals observed by
      chemical analysis was in the high antitrypsin and urease values of the meals that
      induced tibial dyschondroplasia. Chickens fed the soybean meal that reduced
      tibial dyschondroplasia also had reduced pancreas size in one experiment but not
      another. The soybean meals that induced tibial dyschondroplasia caused an
      increase in testes size but had no effect on liver, adrenal and thyroid size or
      plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus and triiodothyronine (T3). No difference in
      the utilization of the diets as measured by metabolizable energy values and lipid
      calcium, phosphorus or phytin phosphorus retention was found between the soybean
      meals that induced high or low incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia with chickens
      at 19-21 d of age.

PMID- 4040558
TI  - Effects of beef, soy and conventional diets on body composition and plasma lipids
      of young pigs fed restricted or liberal amounts of diet.
AB  - Effects were determined of restricted and liberal feeding of beef-based, soy
      based and conventional diets on growth rate, nutrient absorption, body
      composition and plasma lipid and urea concentrations of young pigs. Beef and soy
      diets contained more fat (40-50% of calories vs. 8-9%) and cholesterol (0.09 vs.
      0%) than did conventional diets; calorie and protein intakes were equal across
      diets. Beef-fed pigs had greater average daily gain and absorption of fat and
      gross energy than did conventionally fed pigs; soy-fed pigs had intermediate
      growth rates but the greatest absorption of fat and gross energy. With restricted
      intakes, percentage of body fat was greater in soy-fed pigs than in pigs fed a
      conventional diet or beef and with liberal feeding, greater in soy- and beef-fed
      pigs than in pigs provided with a conventional diet. Plasma free fatty acid,
      triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were greater in soy- and beef-fed
      pigs than in conventionally fed pigs. These results indicate that absorption and
      subsequent partitioning of nutrients toward body fat are influenced by
      composition as well as the amount of diet consumed. Our results also demonstrate
      that the pig can successfully be fed diets resembling human diets (i.e., high
      fat) and because of its physiological similarities to humans our understanding of
      nutrition and lipid metabolism of humans may be advanced.

PMID- 4040559
TI  - Catabolism of newly formed triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and serum high density
      lipoproteins in rats fed soybean phospholipid and soybean oil.
AB  - Previous research has shown that serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I
      were lower and serum apoB was higher in rats fed soybean phospholipid (PL) than
      in rats fed soybean oil. Secretion of cholesterol and apoA-I, but not apoB, from
      the liver and intestine was lower in rats fed soybean PL. In the present study
      catabolism of newly formed triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins, from the liver
      and intestine, and of serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) were compared in rats
      fed soybean PL and in rats fed soybean oil. The following results were seen:
      Feeding of soybean PL was related to more TG and less cholesterol in intestinal
      lymph chylomicrons (CM) and hepatic very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) than was
      feeding of soybean oil. A lesser amount of the TG, labeled with [3H]oleate in CM
      and hepatic VLDL, was incorporated into the adipose tissue and muscle in vivo.
      The clearance of CM-TG from plasma was higher, but that of VLDL-TG and apoB
      labeled with [3H]lysine was lower. The catabolism of 125I-labeled HDL from the
      plasma was lower while hepatic uptake of 125I-labeled HDL, in vivo and in vitro,
      was higher. These results indicate that soybean PL modifies the catabolism of the
      respective serum lipoproteins. Therefore, we suggest that changes in both the
      catabolism and secretion of lipoproteins are responsible for the altered serum
      lipid and apolipoprotein patterns found in rats fed soybean PL.

PMID- 4040560
TI  - Targeting of coenzyme Q10 solubilized with soy lecithin to heart of guinea pigs.

PMID- 4040561
TI  - Utilization of soy protein isolate mixed with rice protein in Japanese women.
AB  - Utilization and requirement of soy protein isolate (SPI) and SPI-rice combination
      were examined in twenty-five female students. After 1 day on protein-free diet,
      each subject received a low-protein diet for 10 days. The protein sources were
      SPI for ten subjects and SPI-rice combination, in which the ratio of two proteins
      was 6:4, for fifteen subjects. The nitrogen intakes were about 45, 65 and 85
      mg/kg in both the two series of experiments. Energy intake was at an approximate
      maintenance level of 36.1 +/- 3.0 kcal/kg. Apparent nitrogen balance improved
      with increase in nitrogen intake. The regression equations between nitrogen
      intake (X, mg/kg) and balance (Y, mg/kg) are shown in the following: SPI: Y =
      0.411 X - 40.8 (n = 10, r = 0.812) SPI and rice protein: Y = 0.392 X -32.7 (n =
      15, r = 0.739) From the above equations, the maintenance intakes of SPI and SPI
      rice combination for an apparent nitrogen equilibrium were calculated to be 99
      and 83 mg N/kg, respectively. Digestibilities were 98.2 +/- 5.0% for SPI and 93.1
      +/- 6.1% for SPI-rice combination. The NPUs of SPI at intake levels of 40, 60 and
      80 mg N/kg were 47 +/- 24 (n = 4), 49 (n = 2) and 44 +/- 3 (n = 4), respectively.
      The NPUs of SPI and rice mixed protein at intake levels of 45, 70 and 90 mg N/kg
      were 67 +/- 13 (n = 5), 51 +/- 7 (n = 5) and 54 +/- 12 (n = 5), respectively. It
      was concluded from the present study that both SPI and the SPI-rice combination
      had a high nutritive efficiency comparable with that of egg protein.

PMID- 4040562
TI  - Pharmacosexology update: yohimbine and sexual function.

PMID- 4040563
TI  - Adolescent alcoholism.

PMID- 4040564
TI  - Neonatal pulmonary hypoplasia with premature rupture of fetal membranes and
      oligohydramnios.
AB  - We assessed pulmonary function and compression deformities in 76 preterm infants
      less than or equal to 34 weeks gestation who had premature rupture of membranes
      (PROM) for longer than 5 days (mean +/- SD 18.8 +/- 15.4 days, range 6 to 90
      days). Twenty-one of the 76 infants had oligohydramnios and positional
      deformities at birth; however, only two infants met all the criteria for the
      oligohydramnios tetrad. All 21 required assisted ventilation from the moment of
      birth. Twenty infants had clinical evidence of pulmonary hypoplasia; 18 of these
      died. Pulmonary hypoplasia was confirmed by significantly low wet lung weights,
      low lung DNA content, or low radial alveolar counts in the 13 infants with
      postmortem examinations. Fifty-five infants with PROM for longer than 5 days did
      not have positional deformities. Twenty-one required assisted ventilation, of
      whom 10 had severe oligohydramnios. Eleven of the 21 died; autopsies were
      performed. All had normal wet lung weights, but seven had significantly decreased
      radial alveolar counts, implying a less severe but still fatal form of pulmonary
      hypoplasia. None of the remaining 34 infants had lung disease, and only three had
      oligohydramnios. We conclude that pulmonary hypoplasia can result from PROM
      associated with severe oligohydramnios of as short as 6 days duration.
      Furthermore, fatal pulmonary hypoplasia can occur with little or no external
      deformation.

PMID- 4040565
TI  - Physical growth and developmental outcome in very low birth weight premature
      infants at 3 years of age.

PMID- 4040566
TI  - Precocious increase of sucrase activity by carbohydrates in the small intestine
      of suckling rats. I. Significance of the stress effect of sugar-induced diarrhea.
AB  - In this paper, we analyze the factors involved in the precocious increase of
      sucrase activity evoked by the early feeding of sucrose in suckling rats, and
      particularly, the role of diarrhea and stress in this phenomenon. Ten-day-old
      rats were removed from their mothers and gavage fed for 4 days at 3-h intervals
      either a basic low carbohydrate milk formula (10.8% fat, 8% protein, 1.4%
      carbohydrate; all by weight/volume) or basic low carbohydrate milk with: lactose
      (13%), fructose (13%), or Polycose (2%, 6%, or 13%); all formulas were
      isocaloric. Feeding the formula containing fructose or high (13%) Polycose led to
      diarrhea and evoked a concurrent increase of small intestinal sucrase activity.
      In further experiments, 11-day-old rats were fed the basic formula, the lactose
      (13%), the fructose (13%), and a sucrose (13%) formula for 8 h between 2 a.m. and
      10 a.m. Also, 10-day-old rats were fed 0.5 ml of a solution of 5% mannitol in
      water while nursing with their mothers. The serum corticosterone levels were
      substantially increased within 8 h after the initiation of feedings with sucrose
      and fructose milks and the mannitol solution. The mannitol-fed rats also
      developed diarrhea within a day in association with a marked increase in sucrase
      activity. We conclude that a precocious increase of sucrase activity in the small
      intestine of suckling rats by dietary sugars is not caused by substrate
      induction, but is mainly due to the effect of stress. The stress is caused by
      diarrhea which is evoked by the feeding of indigestible and/or unabsorbable
      amounts of sugar.

PMID- 4040567
TI  - Physiological model for the pharmacokinetics of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II)
      (DDP) in the tumored rat.
AB  - A physiological model has been developed to describe the disposition of cis
      dichlorodiammine-platinum(II) (DDP) following i.v. dosing in the female rat
      bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma. The model simulates concentrations of DDP and
      its mobile and fixed metabolites in plasma, liver, gut, skin, muscle, tumor,
      carcass, and kidney, and DDP and mobile metabolite excretion following a 4 mg/kg
      dose. In the kinetic model, DDP binds irreversibly to low MW nucleophiles and
      macromolecules (largely proteins) within the plasma and tissue compartments to
      form mobile and fixed metabolites, respectively. Reaction rates for the formation
      of each metabolite are tissue/organ specific. The rate constant for the
      biotransformation of DDP to fixed metabolite in plasma (k2P = 0.0082 min-1) was
      determined from in vitro incubation studies. This rate was used as the basis for
      estimating the biotransformation rate constants for DDP to fixed and mobile
      metabolites in other compartments. Both DDP and mobile metabolite are assumed to
      follow flow-limited transport, to freely traverse compartmental barriers, and to
      partition equally in all compartments. Both are excreted in the urine, the major
      route of Pt elimination. Urinary excretion is modeled as a linear process
      involving filtration only; an assumption based on a calculated renal clearance of
      1.1 ml/min, a value very similar to the estimated GFR. Biliary excretion is a
      minor route of mobile metabolite elimination and is modeled as a linear process
      occurring in the liver. Four hours after dosing, approximately 60% of the
      administered Pt remains in the tissues and plasma. Of this, over 75% of the
      plasma Pt and 90% of the metal ion in every other compartment is fixed (protein
      bound). Fixed Pt can be eliminated from a compartment only after its
      biotransformation to mobile metabolite. In most compartments this rate of
      elimination corresponds closely to the average rate of protein turnover in that
      compartment.

PMID- 4040568
TI  - Cis- and trans-4-n-Propyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octahydrobenzo(f)quinolines.
AB  - Cis- and trans-4-n-Propyloctahydrobenzo(f)quinolines 4a,b were prepared for
      further assessment of dopaminergic effects of non-oxygenated dopamine congeners.
      The trans isomer 4b exhibited marked dopamine-like effects in the cat
      cardioaccelerator nerve assay and in a rat rotation model. Compound 4b produced
      dose-related lowering of blood pressure in the cat. The cis isomer 4a was
      inactive in these assays. Both compounds were inactive in a dopamine binding
      assay, but both appeared active in a spiroperidol binding assay. Both compounds
      are active alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists. Compound 4b provides
      evidence that alpha 2-adrenoceptors and dopamine receptors are different
      entities, since this compound is an alpha 2 antagonist and a dopamine receptor
      agonist at presynaptic sites.

PMID- 4040569
TI  - Continuous intravenous infusion of phencyclidine in unrestrained rats results in
      the rapid induction of tolerance and physical dependence.
AB  - The continuous infusion of 45 mg/kg/24 hr of phencyclidine (PCP) into the jugular
      vein of unrestrained rats induced tolerance to PCP-induced impairment of forced
      motor activity and physical dependence in 3.5 and 7 days, respectively. In drug
      naive rats, an i.v. 2-mg/kg PCP test dose abolished rotarod performance for more
      than 20 min which returned to pretreatment values at 40 min. Eight hours after
      the termination of 3.5 days of infusion, rotarod performance of PCP-infused rats
      was significantly less impaired by the PCP test dose at 20 min than that of
      saline-infused controls. After infusion of PCP for 7 days, the duration of
      performance abolition produced by the PCP test dose (given 8 hr after the
      termination of infusion) was shortened further with performance significantly
      better than that of saline-infused controls at both 10 and 20 min. The results
      showed a greater than 2-fold tolerance development to this PCP effect and suggest
      the observed tolerance to be mainly functional in nature. Abrupt withdrawal of
      PCP after infusion for 7 days resulted in an abstinence syndrome with the
      following signs: piloerection, increased susceptibility to audiogenic seizures,
      transient weight loss and reductions in exploratory activity and rotarod
      performance. The first withdrawal signs were noted 4 hr after the termination of
      infusion. At 24 hr of abstinence, most of the withdrawal signs had subsided. The
      reduced rotarod performance, associated with withdrawal, could be reversed by a
      single i.v. dose of 2 mg/kg of PCP. The reversibility of this sign supports the
      interpretation of impaired rotarod performance after withdrawal as being an
      abstinence sign and adds to the experimental evidence that physical dependence on
      PCP is inducible within 7 days in rats.

PMID- 4040570
TI  - Pinealectomy delays puberty in ewe lambs.
AB  - Fifteen pinealectomized and 15 unoperated ewes were exposed to constant light for
      3 weeks before and 10 weeks after lambing. Fourteen pinealectomized and 15
      unoperated ewes were allowed to lamb outdoors. Five ewe lambs born in constant
      light to the 2 groups of dams were pinealectomized at 10 weeks of age. Ewes and
      lambs were then returned to the field. Puberty (determined by weekly progesterone
      analysis) was significantly delayed (P less than 0.05) in the pinealectomized ewe
      lambs. Median pubertal age in pineal-intact ewe lambs was 37 weeks compared to 49
      weeks in pinealectomized lambs. Constant light during the first 10 weeks of life
      had no effect upon puberty onset nor did the pineal status of the dam. Control
      lambs entered seasonal anoestrus at the time pinealectomized ewe lambs were
      entering puberty. Pinealectomized lambs entered anoestrus at the same time as
      control lambs were beginning their second breeding season. These results confirm
      a key role of pineal-mediated hormonal signals in the control of puberty in the
      sheep.

PMID- 4040571
TI  - Elevated peripheral concentrations of LH block ovulation and increase thecal and
      serum progesterone in the hamster.
AB  - Insertion of osmotic minipumps containing 1 mg ovine LH on Day 1 (oestrus)
      elevated circulating serum concentrations of LH, progesterone and androstenedione
      when compared with values at pro-oestrus. Ovulation was blocked for at least 2
      days at which time there were twice the normal numbers of preovulatory follicles.
      Follicular and thecal progesterone production in vitro was elevated when compared
      with that in pro-oestrous controls. Follicular and thecal androstenedione
      production in vitro was lower than in controls even though serum concentrations
      of androstenedione were elevated; the higher androstenedione values may be due to
      the increase in number of preovulatory follicles when compared with pro-oestrous
      controls. Follicles from LH-treated hamsters aromatized androstenedione to
      oestradiol and follicular production of oestradiol was similar to that in pro
      oestrous follicles despite low follicular androstenedione production in the LH
      treated group. Treatment with 20 i.u. hCG on Days 4 or 6 after insertion of an LH
      osmotic minipump on Day 1 induced ovulation of approximately 30 ova, indicating
      that the blockade of ovulation was not due to atresia of the preovulatory
      follicles. Serum progesterone concentrations on Days 2, 4 and 6 in LH-treated
      hamsters were greater than 17 nmol/l, suggesting that the blockade of ovulation
      might have been due to prevention of the LH surge by high serum progesterone
      concentrations.

PMID- 4040572
TI  - Diurnal variations in plasma testosterone concentrations in the male lesser mouse
      lemur (Microcebus murinus).
AB  - In 6 isolated adult male lesser mouse lemurs, concentrations of testosterone in
      plasma were determinated at 6-h intervals over a 24-h period. Blood samples were
      collected at monthly intervals and for a period of 12 months under natural
      photoperiod. In this nocturnal prosimian, there were no apparent diurnal changes
      in testosterone concentrations during the non-breeding season (autumn). During
      seasonal sexual activity (January-August), diurnal changes in testosterone
      concentrations were characterized by a significant rise during the light phase.
      The daily testosterone peak occurred about 8.5 h after sunrise from February to
      July, but at the beginning (January) or at the end (August) of the breeding
      season, the daily testosterone peak was displaced to the morning. A circannual
      testosterone rhythm occurred with the highest testosterone values in May/June and
      the lowest values 6 months later. The dramatic fall in testosterone
      concentrations after the summer solstice may be associated with a change in the
      peripheral metabolism of testosterone.

PMID- 4040573
TI  - Effect of LH on progesterone and oestradiol production in vivo and in vitro by
      preovulatory rat follicles.
AB  - Temporal changes in follicular oestradiol production induced in vitro and in vivo
      by LH were studied. In-vitro changes were measured by incubating preovulatory rat
      follicles for 12 h, changing the medium every 2 h. Follicles isolated at various
      intervals after an injection of 10 i.u. hCG were incubated for 2 h to measure
      changes in oestradiol production in vivo. In both studies there was an increase
      in oestradiol production lasting 4 h followed by a sharp decline. Progesterone
      production was also increased by LH in vitro or hCG in vivo, but remained high. A
      second exposure to LH did not raise oestradiol synthesis, but increased
      progesterone synthesis in vitro only. The decline in oestradiol production is
      most probably due to a decrease in C17-20 lyase activity, because addition of
      testosterone, but not of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, increased oestradiol
      production. Incubation of preovulatory follicles in the absence of LH or
      incubation of follicles derived from animals in which the spontaneous LH surge
      was blocked by an injection of pentobarbitone sodium also resulted in a decrease
      of oestradiol and an increase in progesterone production. This oestrogen
      progesterone shift was also caused by a decrease in C17-20 lyase activity. The
      results demonstrate that the changes in steroid production in vivo and in vitro
      are similar and occur in the presence and absence of LH. It is concluded that the
      decrease in oestradiol production is dependent on the decrease in the activity of
      enzymes converting progesterone to aromatizable androgens.

PMID- 4040574
TI  - Follicular development, ovulation, fertilization and fetal development in tenrecs
      (Tenrec ecaudatus).
AB  - Reproduction in female tenrecs was studied on Praslin Island (4 degrees 20'S, 55
      degrees 45'E) in the Seychelles from November 1977 to September 1980. Dissection
      and histological examination of reproductive tracts revealed that each ovary is
      encapsulated in a bursa. Polyovular follicles were abundant and contained up to 5
      oocytes. The occurrence of more implanted fetuses than corpora lutea (CL)
      indicated successful polyovuly in 25% of pregnancies. No antrum was observed
      during follicular growth at oestrus, and follicles were relatively small at
      maturation, reaching a maximum diameter of 570 microns. Ovulation involves a
      gentle extrusion of the granulosa and ovum into the periovarian space.
      Spermatozoa were abundant in the female reproductive tract including the
      periovarian space at oestrus. Spermatozoa penetrated the loosely-packed theca of
      mature follicles and were present in CL, indicating that intrafollicular
      fertilization may occur. The relatively small CL formed by eversion, reaching a
      maximum size after implantation. Fusion of up to four CL occurred in the ovaries
      of 41% of pregnant females. Polyovulation in the tenrec was confirmed by the
      occurrence of 10.4 +/- 0.5 (mean +/- s.e.m.) CL and 9.7 +/- 0.5 (mean +/- s.e.m.)
      implantations. Resorption occurred in 74% of 19 dissectable pregnancies,
      occurring in both uterine horns in 26% of pregnancies. Coefficients of variation
      in weights of fetuses in each litter were 10.0-26.8%, with the largest value
      corresponding to 273% variation in fetus weights. Litter size in the Seychelles
      tenrecs was smaller than in the same species in Madagascar (17.1 +/- 1.9
      implantations) where the tenrec is native.

PMID- 4040575
TI  - Effects of abdominal vagotomy on serum LH concentrations in female rats.
AB  - Vagotomy on the morning of pro-oestrus did not prevent the pro-oestrous LH surge
      and rats became oestrous on the following day. However, vagotomized rats then
      exhibited a period of acyclicity which lasted for 20.4 +/- 1.3 (s.e.m.) days.
      Food intake and body weight also declined after vagotomy. During the first week
      after vagotomy, afternoon LH surges generally did not occur, a pattern which was
      similar in animals pair fed with vagotomized rats. However, pair-fed rats showed
      oestrous cycles while vagotomized rats were acyclic. At 7 days after vagotomy, LH
      surges were induced by oestradiol benzoate and progesterone treatment of
      ovariectomized rats. Vagotomy suppressed the post-ovariectomy increase in serum
      LH at 7 and 21 days after surgery. These results, combined with those of other
      studies, suggest impairment of LH release in vagotomized rats.

PMID- 4040576
TI  - Effect of cycle stage on immunoglobulin concentrations in reproductive tract
      secretions of the mare.
AB  - The effect of cycle stage on immunoglobulin and albumin levels in serum,
      follicular fluid, oviductal, uterine and vaginal secretions was measured. There
      was no variation in serum immunoglobulin levels during the oestrous cycle,
      although IgM levels were elevated in cyclic mares compared to non-cyclic
      (immature and anoestrous) animals. Similarly, there was no cyclical variation in
      follicular or oviductal protein concentrations. In the uterus, IgG and IgA levels
      relative to total protein were higher in oestrogenic than in progestagenic
      secretions, while the trend in relative IgM concentrations was reversed. Albumin
      levels were unchanged. In mares sampled repeatedly from the uterus and vagina
      during a single oestrous cycle, protein levels in secretions were affected by the
      collection technique. However, there was variation in absolute IgG, IgA, albumin
      and total protein concentrations, with maxima during dioestrus and minima at
      oestrus. Protein concentrations were higher in vaginal than in uterine
      secretions, although IgA relative to total protein was higher in the uterus than
      the vagina.

PMID- 4040577
TI  - Geographical variations in use of surgery for glue ear.
AB  - Study of geographical variations in the rate of surgery for glue ear reveals
      striking differences both between English health regions and between health
      districts. There are two-fold differences between regions and up to seven-fold
      differences between districts. Analysis of these differences at different levels
      of population aggregation reveals that professional uncertainty about the
      indications and value of surgery for this condition is the major factor
      responsible. In addition, the availability of otolaryngologists influences the
      surgical rate at district though not at regional level. The method used in this
      study is unable to determine the part played by geographical variation in patient
      expectation and morbidity rate. In contrast to the lack of consensus among
      otolaryngologists regarding the use of surgery for glue ear, there appears to be
      a high degree of agreement as regards tonsillectomy. The latter has coincided
      with the end of the decline in the tonsillectomy rate in the late 1970s.

PMID- 4040579
TI  - The effect of prostaglandin E1 on motility of the equine gut.
AB  - Prostaglandin E1 was infused intravenously (25, 50 and 75 ng/kg/min) in three
      ponies. Changes in gastrointestinal mechanical and electrical activity were
      recorded from chronically implanted strain-gauge force transducers and
      electrodes. Dose-dependent responses were obtained: there were significant
      decreases in electrical spiking activity in the stomach, left large colon and
      small colon, with a corresponding decrease of activity in the left dorsal colon
      mechanogram. The small intestine was also affected, showing a decrease in both
      contraction rate and amplitude, which was more marked in the proximal jejunum
      than in the ileum. There was an association between these changes in
      gastrointestinal activity and the presence of discomfort and diminished gut
      sounds.

PMID- 4040578
TI  - Assembly of vimentin in vitro and its implications concerning the structure of
      intermediate filaments.
AB  - After dialysis against 10 mM-Tris-acetate (pH 8.5), vimentin that has been
      purified in the presence of urea is present in the form of tetrameric 2 to 3 nm X
      48 nm rods known as protofilaments. These building blocks in turn polymerize into
      intermediate filaments (10 to 12 nm diameter) when they are dialyzed against a
      solution of physiological ionic strength and pH. By varying the ionic conditions
      under which polymerization takes place, we have identified two classes of
      assembly intermediates whose structures provide clues as to how an intermediate
      filament may be constructed. The structure of the first class, seen when assembly
      takes place at 10 to 20 mM-salt at pH 8.5, strongly suggests that one of the
      initial steps of filament assembly is the association of protofilaments into
      pairs with a half-unit axial stagger. Increasing the ionic strength of the
      assembly buffer leads to the emergence of short, full-width intermediate
      filaments at approximately 50 mM-salt at pH 8.5. In the presence of additional
      protofilaments, these short filaments elongate to many micrometers when the ionic
      strength and pH are further adjusted to physiological levels. The electron
      microscope images of the assembly intermediates suggest that vimentin-containing
      intermediate filaments are made up of eight protofilaments, assembled such that
      there is an approximately 22 nm axial stagger between neighboring protofilaments.
      We propose that this half-unit staggering of protofilaments is a fundamental
      feature of intermediate filament structure and assembly, and that it could
      account for the 20 to 22 nm axial repeat seen in all intermediate filaments
      examined so far.

PMID- 4040580
TI  - Hemangiosarcoma of the seminal vesicle: case report and literature review.
AB  - We report the clinical, histological and ultrastructural findings of a primary
      seminal vesicle sarcoma that was proved to be a hemangiosarcoma, the first such
      case reported. Metastases to the lungs, pleura and peritoneum were discovered at
      autopsy.

PMID- 4040581
TI  - Urethral replacement using ileum with an intussuscepted ileal valve for
      continence.
AB  - Numerous techniques for replacing the urethra have been previously described, but
      attempts to provide continence have rarely been satisfactory. Urethral
      replacement using ileum with an ileal intussuscepted valve for continence has
      been successfully performed in ten female dogs. Eight of them were available for
      a 1 to 6-month followup. This neo-urethra has provided good continence and can be
      easily catheterized. The clinical usefulness of this technique in the treatment
      of total urethral loss in humans needs to be further explored.

PMID- 4040582
TI  - [Intraperitoneal cisplatin in peritoneal carcinomatosis patients].
AB  - Cisplatin (100 mg) was given by intraperitoneal infusion to 23 patients with
      peritoneal carcinomatosis. Eighteen patients had gastric cancer, and five had
      colorectal cancer. The effects of this therapy were as follows. 1) In gastric
      cancer patients, the mean survival period was 11.0 months. The cumulative
      survival rate was superior at the level of statistical significance in comparison
      with controls. 2) The side effects of this agent given intraperitoneally were
      mild. In particular, nausea was slightly less than with intravesicular or
      intraarterial infusion.

PMID- 4040583
TI  - [Antiplatelet antibody and circulating immune complexes in patients with
      idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].

PMID- 4040584
TI  - [Urticaria due to the soybeans].

PMID- 4040585
TI  - Antitumor activity of methanol extract from roots of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.
AB  - To evaluate the antitumor activity of Agrimonia pilosa LEDEB., the effects of the
      methanol extract from roots of the plant (AP-M) on several transplantable rodent
      tumors were investigated. AP-M significantly prolonged the life span of S180-,
      Meth-A fibrosarcoma- and MM-2 mammary carcinoma-bearing mice by intraperitoneal
      (i.p.) pre- or postmedication. AP-M also inhibited the growth of S-180 solid type
      tumor. On the other hand, the prolongation of life span induced by AP-M on S-180
      ascites type tumor-bearing mice was markedly minimized or abolished by the
      pretreatment of cyclophosphamide. AP-M showed considerably strong cytotoxicity on
      MM-2 cells in vitro, but the effect was diminished to one-tenth by the addition
      of serum to the culture. Against the host animals, the peripheral white blood
      cells in mice were significantly increased from 2 to 5 days after the i.p.
      injection of AP-M. On 4th day after the injection of AP-M, the peritoneal exudate
      cells which possessed the cytotoxic activity on MM-2 cells in vitro were also
      increased to about 5-fold those in the non-treated control. The spleen of the
      mice was enlarged, and the spleen cells possessed the capacity to uptake 3H
      thymidine. However, AP-M did not show direct migration activity like other
      mitogens against spleen cells from non-treated mice. These results indicate that
      the roots of Agrimonia pilosa contain some antitumor constituents, and possible
      mechanisms of the antitumor activity may be some host-mediated actions and direct
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 4040586
TI  - [Comparative clinico-instrumental characteristics of different morphological
      variants of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Six morphologic variants of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) have been
      identified on the basis of the echocardiographically-documented extent and
      localization of left-ventricular hypertrophy in 34 patients with HCMP. More than
      half of the patients had no complaints. The more characteristic echocardiographic
      features of the disease included a considerable thickening of one or more
      departments within the left ventricle, the size of its cavity being diminished.
      In most cases, HCMP was associated with considerably enlarged R waves on the
      electrocardiograms from 35 precordial leads that were usually combined with ST
      segment depression and T wave inversion. The latter two features often provided
      grounds for a hyperdiagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). What distinguishes
      HCMP from CHD is the discrepancy between marked and persistent pathologic
      electrocardiographic changes and a relatively uneventful clinical picture of the
      disease. The comparison of echocardiographic and ECG charting data allows a more
      detailed assessment of the kind of left-ventricular hypertrophy in HCMP patients,
      and can be used in the differential diagnosis of HCMP vs. CHD.

PMID- 4040587
TI  - [Laser surgery on the heart conduction pathways].

PMID- 4040588
TI  - Congenital malformations and variations in reproductive performance in the
      ferret: effects of maternal age, color and parity.
AB  - Demographic data of ferrets from a commercial breeding colony were analyzed for
      the effects of maternal age, parity and strain on reproductive performance and
      the frequency of gross congenital abnormalities observed at parturition. Litter
      size (mean +/- SEM) was found to be greatest for young, primiparous females (10.3
      +/- 0.2) and decreased with advancing maternal age and parity to a cohort mean of
      8.1 +/- 0.1 for third parity females 16 months of age. Age, parity or strain had
      no effect on 24-hour neonatal mortality (7%) or mortality from birth to weaning
      (20%) and an examination of the causes for death suggested that these rates can
      be reduced. The malformation rate from two cohorts of females whelping at
      different times of the year was low (less than 1.0%) and not significantly
      different. A higher frequency of malformed offspring was detected in females of
      low previous parity (0-2) than in those with three or more. Based on data
      obtained in this survey, the ferret would seem a valuable alternative, nonrodent
      species for teratologic investigations using currently recommended protocols.

PMID- 4040589
TI  - Bone marrow hypoplasia associated with estrus in ferrets.
AB  - Bone marrow hypoplasia was characterized in a group of female ferrets during
      prolonged estrus. All ferrets exhibited hematological changes characteristic of
      various degrees of bone marrow hypoplasia. Hematological findings included
      initial thrombocytosis and leukocytosis followed by thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
      and anemia. Platelet counts below 50,000/microliters were observed in 55% of the
      ferrets. Hemorrhagic anemia due to thrombocytopenia was the most common cause of
      death and the mortality rate was 40%. Histopathological findings included bone
      marrow hypoplasia affecting all cell lines and decreased splenic extramedullary
      hematopoiesis.

PMID- 4040590
TI  - Use of a new radioactive ligand, 7 alpha, 17 alpha-dimethyl[17 alpha-methyl 3H]19
      nortestosterone for the estimation of androgen receptors in rat liver cytosol.
AB  - The use of the testosterone derivative, 7 alpha, 17 alpha-dimethyl[17 alpha
      methyl 3H] 19-nortestosterone for the estimation of cytosolic androgen receptors
      in male rat liver is described. Use of this compound demonstrates binding which
      has a similar dissociation constant, maximum binding and steroid specificity to
      that seen with other synthetic testosterone derivatives. In contrast to previous
      data significant binding to the progesterone receptor also occurs and future
      studies with this ligand should employ triamcinolone acetonide to block such
      binding.

PMID- 4040591
TI  - Choice of anesthetic for intestinal absorption and secretion experiments using
      rats.
AB  - The net rates of glucose and water absorption from, and secretion of water into,
      the lumen of the rat small intestine were compared using alpha-chloralose,
      halothane, pentobarbitone, and urethane as anesthetics. Water and glucose
      transport were determined by recirculation of perfusion fluid through the lumen
      of the jejunum. Net fluid secretion was stimulated by intraarterial (i.a.)
      infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The
      results show that the anesthetics used exert only minimal influence on the
      physiological rates of glucose and water absorption and there is no correlation
      between the small differences in glucose and water absorption among the
      anesthetics. However, when the fluid secretory mechanism of the mucosa is
      stimulated with either PGE1 or VIP, pentobarbitone allows the greatest rates of
      secretion, but halothane prevents secretion. It is suggested that of the
      anesthetics used, pentobarbitone is the most appropriate for intestinal secretion
      experiments.

PMID- 4040592
TI  - Topological approach to embryogenesis.

PMID- 4040593
TI  - [Evaluation of azthreonam in the treatment of severe infections: study of 17
      cases].

PMID- 4040594
TI  - Animal models of behavioral pathology and violent aggression.
AB  - To avoid the danger of an increasing gap between clinical and animal studies and
      to assure a constant progression of knowledge, psychiatric researchers need to
      find a common ground of convergence. Such common ground might be found in
      searching for human and animal models of disturbed behavior, conceptually
      comprehensive of the variables which may concur in the determination of the
      behavioral syndromes.

PMID- 4040595
TI  - Microscopic analysis of the mastoid bone in chronic serous otitis media.
AB  - The pathologic changes of the middle ear and mastoid bone mucosa in two pediatric
      patients with long standing chronic serous otitis media were studied by electron
      and light microscopy. The embryological development of the eustachian tube,
      middle ear cleft, and mastoid bone suggests a common physiological and anatomical
      continuity. The histological changes by light and electron microscopy in these
      patients demonstrates the metaplastic changes of the basal cell of the mucosa
      differentiating into mucous and keratin cells. These metaplastic changes are
      associated with the exudative process known as chronic serous otitis media.

PMID- 4040597
TI  - Unaltered aerobic power and endurance following glucocorticoid-induced muscle
      atrophy.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether the muscle atrophy
      associated with glucocorticoid excess results in a reduction in maximal oxygen
      uptake (VO2max) and endurance during exercise. Female rats were administered
      single subcutaneous injections of cortisone acetate (CA) (100 mg X kg-1 b.w.) or
      the vehicle (1% carboxymethyl cellulose) for 14 consecutive days. The weights of
      plantaris muscles (which were used as a marker of the atrophy) of CA-treated rats
      were 27% less than those of plantaris muscles in the vehicle-treated rats. This
      condition also produced a 12-fold increase in free serum glucocorticoid
      concentrations (cortisol) but did not alter serum androgen (testosterone) levels.
      Peak VO2 (ml X kg-1 X min-1) and endurance were greater in CA-treated vs vehicle
      treated animals; however, these effects were shown to be a function of body
      weight loss. Homogenate oxygen uptakes in the presence of pyruvate or palmitate
      were also similar in slow-twitch soleus, fast-twitch red vastus, and fast-twitch
      white vastus lateralis muscles between CA- and vehicle-treated groups. These data
      provide no evidence to demonstrate that the catabolic actions of glucocorticoids
      in skeletal muscle result in a decrement in work capacity through at least 14 d
      of treatment.

PMID- 4040596
TI  - Phosphatidylinositol metabolism during fertilization in the sea urchin egg.
AB  - Fertilization of the sea urchin egg results in a transient decline in the amount
      of phosphatidylinositol (PI) to a level equal to about 50% of that present in the
      unfertilized egg. This response begins as early as 15 seconds after insemination.
      The level of PI reaches a minimum at 30 seconds post-insemination, and returns to
      the original value between 2 and 5 min later. Pulse labelling studies with 32PO4
      and [3H]-inositol showed that the incorporation of these two isotopes into 1-(3
      sn-phosphatidyl)-L-myo-inositol 4,5-biphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] increased as much
      as 50% within one minute after insemination. This suggests that at least part of
      the reduction in PI levels represents the phosphorylation of PI to form
      PtdIns(4,5)P2. We also found that the production of [3H]-labelled 1D-myoinositol
      1,4,5 triphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] present in the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
      soluble fraction of eggs increased over five-fold during the first 10 min post
      insemination. The temporal correlation between the early burst of PtdIns(4,5)P2
      and Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation and the transient increase in intracellular free
      calcium known to occur in the fertilized egg suggest that the production of
      PtdIns(4,5)P2 and ultimately Ins(1,4,5)P3 may be associated with calcium
      mobilization within the egg.

PMID- 4040598
TI  - MPMLC assists pathologist researching infant defects.

PMID- 4040600
TI  - Peer review in Minnesota--the Foundation for Health Care Evaluation-1985.

PMID- 4040599
TI  - [Fetal alcohol syndrome: clinical, metabolic and immunologic follow-up in l4
      cases].

PMID- 4040601
TI  - A Missouri physician's guide to becoming more PRO-active.

PMID- 4040602
TI  - Disruption of the three cytoskeletal networks in mammalian cells does not affect
      transcription, translation, or protein translocation changes induced by heat
      shock.
AB  - Mammalian cells show a complex series of transcriptional and translational
      switching events in response to heat shock treatment which ultimately lead to the
      production and accumulation of a small number of proteins, the so-called heat
      shock (or stress) proteins. We investigated the heat shock response in both
      qualitative and quantitative ways in cells that were pretreated with drugs that
      specifically disrupt one or more of the three major cytoskeletal networks. (These
      drugs alone, cytochalasin E and colcemid, do not result in induction of the heat
      shock response.) Our results indicated that disruption of the actin
      microfilaments, the vimentin-containing intermediate filaments, or the
      microtubules in living cells does not hinder the ability of the cell to undergo
      an apparently normal heat shock response. Even when all three networks were
      simultaneously disrupted (resulting in a loose, baglike appearance of the cells),
      the cells still underwent a complete heat shock response as assayed by the
      appearance of the heat shock proteins. In addition, the major induced 72
      kilodalton heat shock protein was efficiently translocated from the cytoplasm
      into its proper location in the nucleus and nucleolus irrespective of the
      condition of the three cytoskeletal elements.

PMID- 4040603
TI  - Coamplification and coexpression of human tissue-type plasminogen activator and
      murine dihydrofolate reductase sequences in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Expression of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) at high levels has
      been achieved in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by cotransfection and
      subsequent coamplification of the transfected sequences. Expression vectors
      containing the t-PA cDNA gene and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cDNA gene were
      cotransfected into CHO DHFR-deficient cells. Transformants expressing DHFR were
      selected by growth in media lacking nucleosides and contained low numbers of t-PA
      genes and DHFR genes. Stepwise selection of the DHFR+ transformants in increasing
      concentrations of methotrexate generated cells which had amplified both DHFR
      genes and t-PA genes over 100-fold. These cell lines expressed elevated levels of
      enzymatically active t-PA. To optimize both t-PA sequence amplification and t-PA
      expression, various modifications of the original procedure were used. These
      included alterations to the DHFR expression vector, optimization of the molar
      ratio of t-PA to DHFR sequences in the cotransfection, and modification of the
      methotrexate resistance selection procedure. The structure of the amplified DNA,
      its chromosomal location, and its stability during growth in the absence of
      methotrexate are reported.

PMID- 4040604
TI  - Ethanol-induced late fetal death in mice exposed around the time of
      fertilization.
AB  - In the mouse, all autosomal monosomies and trisomies are lethal by the time of
      birth (Searle, 1981). To test whether ethanol ingested by females shortly after
      mating induces nondisjunction, as reported by Kaufman (1983) on the basis of
      cytological evidence, we attempted to determine whether the incidence of
      intrauterine death was affected by this treatment. The incidence of late death
      (day 11 postconception or later) was found to be significantly increased when
      ethanol was administered 2 h following a 30-min mating period, but not when the
      interval was shorter. Measurements of early death were not sensitive enough
      (because of the high control frequency) to show an effect of ethanol treatment.
      Limited cytological data showed an induced incidence of trisomy in line with the
      excess frequency of late death, but the trisomy incidence by itself was not
      significantly different from control. The overall level of effect in the present
      experiment was lower than that reported by Kaufman.

PMID- 4040605
TI  - Influence of treatment temperature on the genotoxic effects of cisplatin in CHO
      cells: cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and induction of lesions in DNA.
AB  - In cells exposed in vitro to the cytotoxic and mutagenic antitumor drug cisplatin
      (cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2), various adducts with nuclear DNA are formed. A comparative
      study was made of the influence of temperature variation during treatment of
      cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with cisplatin on cytotoxicity,
      mutation induction and Pt-DNA adduct formation. Before and after treatment (1 h
      at 32, 37 or 40 degrees C) cells were kept at 37 degrees C. Cytotoxicity
      increased with temperature; D0 values were 29.6 +/- 1.6, 21.1 +/- 1.2 and 11.4 +/
      0.6 microM at 32, 37 and 40 degrees C, respectively. Pt-DNA binding to DNA at 40
      degrees C was 2.0 (+/- 0.3) times as high as at 32 degrees C. This factor
      remained practically constant over a 24-h post-treatment incubation of the cells,
      during which about 60% of DNA-bound Pt were removed. As the increase in
      cytotoxicity between 32 and 40 degrees C was roughly in proportion to that in Pt
      binding, no substantial changes in the spectrum of adducts appeared to occur. The
      induction of DNA interstrand cross-links, studied at 32 and 40 degrees C, varied
      linearly with dose. Influence of temperature on cross-link formation was
      comparable to that on total Pt binding. Amounts of cross-links highly increased
      during 24 h after treatment. Plots of cross-links against survival after
      treatments at 32 and 40 degrees C almost coincided. Induction of 6-thioguanine
      resistant (HGPRT) mutants at various cisplatin concentrations did not show a
      clear temperature dependency. Consequently, equitoxic treatments were
      significantly more mutagenic at 32 degrees C than at 40 degrees C, the opposite
      of what has been reported for E. coli.

PMID- 4040606
TI  - Toxicity and mutagenicity of 6 anti-cancer drugs in Chinese hamster V79 cells co
      cultured with rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Toxicity and induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants in Chinese hamster V79
      cells, co-cultured with or without isolated rate hepatocytes, by 6 anti-cancer
      drugs (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, 6
      mercaptopurine and vincristine) were studied. The effect of hepatocyte density on
      the cloning efficiency and recovery of mutants was found using
      dimethylnitrosamine as a positive control. In the absence of hepatocytes, this
      compound was neither toxic nor mutagenic to V79 cells, but in their presence it
      was highly mutagenic and extremely toxic. The cloning efficiency and mutation
      frequency of control (untreated) cells was unaffected by hepatocyte density. All
      the drugs were toxic to V79 cells, although different responses were found for
      certain of them depending upon whether hepatocytes were present or not.
      Cyclophosphamide and adriamycin were clearly mutagenic, and 6-mercaptopurine only
      weakly so. A slight mutagenic effect was seen for cytosine arabinoside, but both
      methotrexate and vincristine were negative. Here also, the presence or absence of
      hepatocytes was important.

PMID- 4040608
TI  - Testing of 3 chemical compounds for aneuploidy induction in the female mouse.
AB  - The 3 chemicals, 6 mercaptopurine (6-MCP), phenylalanine and para
      fluorophenylalanine (pFPA) have been tested on mouse oocytes of the Swiss strain
      for possible aneuploidy-inducing effects. Tests were made at the dictyate stage
      in young and aged females and at the preovulatory (diakinesis/MI) stage in aged
      females only. Metaphase II chromosome complements were analysed for aneuploidy
      resulting from segregational errors arising at the first meiotic division. No
      evidence of non-disjunction was found either in treated or control groups up to
      the age of 40 weeks tested. The need to select for gametogenic stage and strain
      when using a mouse model system for aneuploidy testing, is considered.

PMID- 4040607
TI  - Heritable translocation study in male mice with trimethyl phosphate.
AB  - Dominant lethal and heritable translocation studies were performed in male mice
      receiving a single intraperitoneal injection of trimethyl phosphate (TMP). The
      germ cell stage investigated was the spermatid. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) was
      used as a positive control in the latter study. A dominant lethal assay gave
      marked dose-dependent increases in early fetal deaths. Heritable translocations
      were detected at 1000 or 1500 mg of TMP/kg in F1 male progeny when screening for
      semi-sterility and cytogenetically analyzing the meiotic or mitotic chromosomes.
      Translocation induction was higher at the higher TMP dose (14.3%) than at the
      lower dose (5.3%) and the yield from the higher dose was similar to that induced
      by 50 mg of MMS/kg (11.0%). Most of the translocation carriers were semi-sterile
      or sterile. The data confirm conclusions from other dominant lethal studies
      showing TMP to be capable of causing chromosomal damage in mouse spermatids and
      show that certain types of damage result in heritable translocations.

PMID- 4040609
TI  - Neuronal filaments in Alzheimer's, Pick's, and Parkinson's diseases.

PMID- 4040610
TI  - Thermodynamic compatibility of proteins in aqueous media. Part 2. The effect of
      some physicochemical factors on thermodynamic compatibility of casein and soybean
      globulin fraction.
AB  - A study has been made on the effect of temperature, sodium chloride, pH and
      cysteine on the thermodynamic compatibility of casein and soybean globulin
      fraction in aqueous medium. The section of miscibility gap characterizing the
      influence of the indicated factors on the compatibility of proteins has been
      determined. Assessment has been made of the influence of pH and cysteine on a)
      the effective molecular weights of casein and soybean globulin fraction and b)
      the difference in the intensity of interaction between each protein and a
      solvent. The experimental data obtained on the compatibility of proteins were
      found in good agreement with the theoretical concepts which establish the
      dependence of the compatibility of polymers on the ratio of their molecular
      weights, the intensity of interactions between polymers, as well as on the
      difference in the intensities of interaction between each of them and a solvent,
      i.e. on the difference of protein hydrophilicities.

PMID- 4040611
TI  - Active gamma-carboxylated human factor IX expressed using recombinant DNA
      techniques.
AB  - Factor IX (Christmas factor), a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein made in the
      liver, functions in the middle phase of the intrinsic pathway of blood
      coagulation. A functional deficiency of factor IX underlies haemophilia B, a
      chromosome X-linked recessive disease for which the major therapeutic approach is
      replacement treatment using factor IX concentrates. The cloning and
      characterization of the gene for human factor IX would mean that human factor IX
      could be produced in greater yield and purity through using recombinant DNA
      techniques. We have now used a human factor IX cDNA clone, inserted into a
      vaccinia virus-derived vector, to infect human hepatoma cells which normally
      produce no factor IX, and mouse fibroblasts. Fully active factor IX was produced
      by the hepatoma cells, whereas the fibroblasts produced a protein less active
      than natural factor IX, even in the presence of high levels of vitamin K. Human
      factor IX is extensively post-translationally modified, and thus represents
      probably the most complex protein produced in active form by recombinant DNA
      techniques to date. Our study also illustrates the potential of vaccinia virus
      based vectors for expressing significant amounts of complex, clinically useful
      proteins in eukaryotic cells, in addition to its already demonstrated usefulness
      for producing live recombinant vaccines.

PMID- 4040612
TI  - Intrauterine twin demise and oligomeganephronia.
AB  - Oligomeganephronia, characterized clinically be early renal failure and
      histologically by large, sparse glomeruli, is of undetermined etiology. This is
      the first documented report of an intrauterine fetal demise of one twin in
      association with oligomeganephronia in the other, and suggests that these two
      conditions may be related etiologically. The suggested mechanism is a renal
      vascular insult, late in the pregnancy, as the precipitating event.

PMID- 4040613
TI  - Effect of locus ceruleus lesion on luteinizing hormone secretion under different
      experimental conditions.
AB  - The objective of the present study was to determine the participation of the
      locus ceruleus (LC) in the regulation of the estrous cycle and of luteinizing
      hormone (LH) release on the afternoon of proestrus and in ovariectomized rats.
      Lesions of the LC on the morning of proestrus blocked the preovulatory surge of
      LH in the afternoon of the same day. The estrous cycle became irregular and
      erratic after LC lesions and displayed a prolonged period of diestrus and estrus
      which persisted during the entire experimental period (50 days). After this
      period the level of LH in the afternoon of proestrus was lower in plasma and
      higher in the adenohypophysis. A decrease in ovarian, uterine, and
      adenohypophyseal weight was also observed. LC lesions in 7-day castrated rats
      induced a decrease in plasma LH levels 48 und 72 h later. When these lesions were
      made before bilateral ovariectomy, they delayed the normal increase in plasma LH
      levels. From the data obtained we can conclude that lesion of the LC interferes
      with the cyclic as well as tonic liberation of LH. A functional rearrangement of
      the central noradrenergic system may occur a long time after the lesion. These
      effects may be mediated by connections of the LC with: (1) areas whose neurons
      produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone; (2) areas which in some form are involved
      in the liberation of gonadotropins, and (3) the median eminence.

PMID- 4040614
TI  - Cataleptogenic and anticataleptic activity produced by cholecystokinin
      octapeptides in mice.
AB  - The catalepsy induced by subcutaneously (sc.) and intracerebroventricularly
      (icv.) administered cholecystokinin octapeptide sulfate ester (CCK-8-SE) and
      desulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8-NS), and the effects of CCK-8-SE
      and CCK-8-NS on haloperidol-induced catalepsy, were investigated in mice. The
      results demonstrate the bimodal effect of CCK octapeptides in a catalepsy test.
      With sc. administration CCK-8-SE in the doses of 0.4 or 0.8 mumole/kg, but not
      CCK-8-NS at any dose, induced catalepsy. Furthermore, the catalepsy induced by
      CCK-8-SE was of short duration. With icv. administration only 40 pmole CCK-8-NS
      induced significant catalepsy. When 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mumole/kg sc. doses of CCK-8
      NS or 0.4 pmole icv. dose of CCK-8-SE or CCK-8-NS was given in combination with
      intraperitoneal (ip.) administration of 1.0 mg/kg haloperidol, the total duration
      of catalepsy was suppressed. Finally, CCK-8-SE sc. when given in combination with
      haloperidol ip., exerted a biphasic, synergistic-antagonistic effect on the
      haloperidol-induced catalepsy.

PMID- 4040615
TI  - Viral antibodies in twins with multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Viral antibodies to measles, rubella, corona, vaccinia, and mumps viruses in
      serum and CSF (and to Epstein-Barr virus in serum only) were studied in 24 twin
      pairs, both discordant and concordant for clinical MS. In pairs, CSF antibody
      titers for rubella in MS monozygotic and dizygotic twins and for vaccinia in
      dizygotic twins were higher than for unaffected twins. Increased CSF titers among
      MS twins existed for measles, rubella, and vaccinia when pairing was ignored.
      Among MS twins, serum rubella and measles and CSF measles antibody titers, and
      CSF:serum ratios for measles virus, were higher in those who were DW2 positive.

PMID- 4040616
TI  - Relative postmortem stability of spinal motoneuronal proteins detectable by two
      dimensional electrophoresis.
AB  - The suitability of using spinal tissue several hours after death for analysis by
      high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis has been examined. It was found
      that many of the proteins of bovine spinal motoneurons detectable on two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gels appear to be relatively stable in situ at room
      temperature during the first postmortem day. When extracts of total proteins from
      ventral roots and motoneuronal cell bodies isolated from 1-d-old tissue were
      examined, all spots could be matched to control gels. Upon visual inspection of
      the gels, postmortem changes in the amount of stain associated with a spot were
      obvious in three of 364 proteins from isolated motoneuronal cell bodies and none
      of 237 proteins from ventral roots. Other proteins underwent quantitative changes
      that were detected only after computer-assisted densitometry on the gels, whereas
      some did not appear to change at all. In the neuropil surrounding the motoneuron
      cell bodies, more pronounced changes in protein patterns occurred during the
      postmortem period. We conclude that properly controlled two-dimensional
      electrophoretic analyses of postmortem spinal tissue can provide reliable
      qualitative and quantitative information about the antemortem protein composition
      of spinal motoneurons.

PMID- 4040617
TI  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pregnancy: report of a maternal mortality and
      review of literature.
AB  - The first case of maternal mortality with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
      is reported. An additional successfully managed case of hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy and pregnancy is reported. Systemic arterial embolization, which
      has not been previously reported in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with
      pregnancy is discussed. English language literature on hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy and pregnancy is reviewed, and a management plan has been
      outlined.

PMID- 4040618
TI  - Modified Burch versus Pereyra retropubic urethropexy for stress urinary
      incontinence.
AB  - Sixty-four women underwent either the modified Burch retropubic urethropexy or
      the modified Pereyra procedure for surgical correction of stress urinary
      incontinence. All were evaluated clinically and urodynamically before and one
      year after surgery. The Burch procedure proved to be superior to the Pereyra
      procedure in terms of improving pressure transmission to the proximal two-thirds
      of the urethra (P less than .001), correcting the anatomic defect (P less than
      .001), avoiding postoperative voiding difficulties (20 versus 30%), and
      presenting an objective cure rate of 98 versus 85%. The age, parity, and degree
      of mobility of the urethra and urethrovesical junction did not influence the
      ability of the Burch and Pereyra procedures to produce efficient postoperative
      pressure transmission capacity ratio. Both types of surgical procedures were
      closely comparable in terms of curing stress urinary incontinence, operative time
      and blood loss, and total hospital stay.

PMID- 4040619
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in early pregnancy.
AB  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura during pregnancy in which both mother and
      fetus have survived has been an exceedingly rare occurrence, due at least in part
      to the difficulty in distinguishing this uncommon disease from hematologic
      complications of preeclampsia. In the nonpregnant patient, the use of plasma
      infusion or exchange plasmapheresis as therapy of choice has resulted in a
      dramatic increase in survival. By using more specific criteria than the classical
      clinical pentad, the diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura during
      pregnancy can be made with greater accuracy. The first known instance of the
      successful use of exchange plasmapheresis leading to the survival of both mother
      and fetus in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura clearly not secondary to
      preeclampsia is reported.

PMID- 4040620
TI  - Comparing perinatal mortality.
AB  - Comparisons of perinatal outcome data among regions or hospitals can be
      misleading if the risk status of the population served is not considered. Data
      are presented from two large perinatal centers (Medical Center Hospital in San
      Antonio, Texas, and University of Iowa Hospitals in Iowa City, Iowa), which
      report substantially different institutional neonatal and fetal mortality rates.
      However, examination of neonatal and fetal mortality by birth weight groupings
      demonstrates the difference between outcome in the two hospitals to be
      considerably less than the overall rates might imply. Additional data about the
      regionalized system of care in Iowa are presented to illustrate why mortality may
      rise in a referral center and yet be consistent with a salutary effect on
      perinatal outcome in the region.

PMID- 4040621
TI  - Urodynamics: effect of urinary tract infection on urethral and bladder function.
AB  - To determine the accuracy and reliability of urodynamic studies performed during
      the course of unsuspected but significant lower urinary tract infection (greater
      than or equal to 10(5) organisms per mL), all the studies were repeated two and
      four weeks after successful treatment of urinary tract infection. Among 45% of
      patients (nine of 20) found to have unstable bladder before treatment of urinary
      infection, 60% of them (six of nine) regained bladder stability after appropriate
      treatment. Similarly, 30% of stress incontinent patients became continent after
      treatment of urinary infection and did not need surgery for correction of stress
      incontinence. Because of the high incidence of false-positive results of
      urodynamic studies when performed during infection (P less than .05), definite
      treatment of urinary incontinence should not be undertaken before successful
      treatment of urinary tract infection and repeating urodynamic studies in patients
      with persistent lower urinary tract symptoms.

PMID- 4040622
TI  - Cis-platinum, doxorubicin, and methotrexate treatment for recurrent cervical
      cancer.
AB  - A combination of cis-platinum, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and methotrexate was
      used to treat 28 patients with recurrent cervical cancer. Seven patients achieved
      a partial response with a median duration of ten months. Two patients achieved a
      complete response with a median duration of 14 months. The overall response rate
      was 32%. Ten patients with stable disease had a median progression-free interval
      of 4.5 months. Toxicity was acceptable.

PMID- 4040623
TI  - Recurrent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in early pregnancy: effect of
      uterine evacuation.
AB  - A 29-year-old woman developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura on two
      occasions, each with onset at about the 13th week of gestation. Despite therapy
      during each episode with corticosteroids, platelet aggregation-modifying agents
      and repeated plasmapheresis, she experienced only transient improvement. In both
      instances, however, prompt hematologic recovery followed evacuation of the
      uterus. During an 18-month interval between pregnancies, her blood count remained
      normal and she continues in remission. The authors suggest that when thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura appears in early pregnancy and its response to
      conventional management is minimal, immediate evacuation of the uterus may be an
      effective therapeutic alternative.

PMID- 4040624
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

PMID- 4040625
TI  - Diurnal intraocular pressure. Correlation to automated perimetry.
AB  - Patients referred to a centralized glaucoma laboratory obtained intraocular
      pressure measurements every two hours from 5:00 am to 3:00 pm. Analysis revealed
      400 eyes with visual field defects and 400 eyes without visual field defects as
      determined by Octopus perimetry of the central 20 degrees. The diurnal variation
      in intraocular pressure was 6.2 mmHg +/- 3.6 for those with visual field defects
      and 5.5 mmHg +/- 2.7 for those without visual field defects. There was no
      statistical significance in the mean diurnal variation between the two groups (P
      = 0.91). The highest intraocular pressure tended to occur at either 5:00 am to
      7:00 am or 11:00 am to 1:00 pm in both groups. The lowest intraocular pressure
      tended to occur between 7:00 am to 9:00 am or 1:00 pm to 3:00 pm in both groups.
      No significant differences were noted in the distribution between the two groups
      with regard to the time of the highest or lowest intraocular pressure. In the
      group with visual field defects, 30% had an intraocular pressure of less than 23
      mmHg and 23% had an intraocular pressure of greater than or equal to 23 mmHg at
      all five time periods.

PMID- 4040626
TI  - Immunoglobulin E in mucoid secretory otitis media.
AB  - 19 serum and 23 middle ear mucoid fluid samples from patients with chronic
      secretory otitis media (SOM) were analyzed for total IgE using the PRIST
      technique and for specific IgE against dog epithelium, house dust mite, milk, egg
      white and wheat using the RAST technique. All serum samples showed IgE values
      well within the normal range, and the middle ear fluid-serum ratio for total IgE
      was less than 1. In three sera there was a weak (score 1) positive RAST result to
      milk (2 cases) and to egg-white (1 case). None of the middle ear fluids showed
      positive reactions. Routine clinical assessment of total and specific IgE is not
      indicated in SOM.

PMID- 4040627
TI  - Effect of environmental hypothermia on vitelline artery blood pressure and
      vascular resistance in the stage 18, 21, and 24 chick embryo.
AB  - We studied the effect of environmental hypothermia on arterial blood pressure,
      dorsal aortic blood flow, and vascular resistance in stage 18, 21, and 24 chick
      embryos. The arterial pressure was measured with a servonull micropressure
      system. Mean dorsal aortic blood flow was calculated from pulsed-Doppler
      measurement of mean dorsal aortic blood velocity and dorsal aortic diameter.
      Vascular resistance was calculated by dividing mean vitelline arterial blood
      pressure by dorsal aortic blood flow. Sequential data were obtained at
      temperatures of 34.7, 31.1, and 34.1 degrees C. At stage 21, the vitelline
      arterial blood pressure decreased from 0.82 +/- 0.03 (means +/- SEM) to 0.72 +/-
      0.03 mm Hg on cooling and increased from 0.66 +/- 0.05 to 0.87 +/- 0.06 mm Hg on
      rewarming (p less than 0.05). At stage 21, mean dorsal aortic blood flow
      decreased from 0.49 +/- 0.02 to 0.33 +/- 0.02 mm3/s with cooling and increased
      from 0.34 +/- 0.02 to 0.47 +/- 0.02 mm3/s with rewarming. The vascular resistance
      in stage 21 embryos increased after cooling from 1.68 +/- 0.19 to 2.23 +/- 0.39
      mm Hg/mm3/s (means +/- 95% confidence interval). The changes were similar in
      stage 18 and 24 embryos. We conclude that the reduction of vitelline artery blood
      pressure resulted from a decrease in cardiac output. In addition, we noted that
      the vitelline arterial vascular bed can constrict in response to hypothermia
      prior to autonomic innervation. These changes in hemodynamics may be a
      teratogenic mechanism for hypothermia-induced cardiac defects in the chick
      embryo.

PMID- 4040628
TI  - The effects of brain blood flow on brain bilirubin deposition in newborn piglets.
AB  - Since kernicteric lesions are usually found in the subcortical regions of the
      brain and these areas also receive the highest blood flow during asphyxia and
      hypercapnia, we hypothesized that increases in brain bilirubin deposition may be
      related to increases in brain blood flow. Fourteen piglets underwent a 3-h
      infusion of bilirubin to maintain total serum bilirubin at approximately 8 mg/dl,
      during which time blood gases, hemodynamic variables, and brain blood flow were
      determined. After sacrificing the animals, regional brain bilirubin content was
      determined. Ten piglets underwent the same protocol; in addition, hypercapnia was
      induced during the last hour of study (PaCO2 approximately 70 mm Hg). The
      regional brain blood flow and bilirubin deposition were significantly increased
      over control values (p less than 0.05) following hypercapnia in the subcortical
      region and significantly so in the midbrain and cerebellum. In separate groups of
      control (n = 6) and hypercapnia (n = 6) piglets, 125I-labeled albumin was infused
      and demonstrated that hypercapnia was not associated with increased regional
      brain albumin content. We conclude that hypercapnia-induced augmentation in
      regional brain blood flow is associated with increased deposition brain blood
      flow is associated with increased deposition of unbound bilirubin. Although the
      causal relationship between these two observations has not been firmly
      established, the findings deserve future investigation to clarify the role of
      brain blood flow, brain bilirubin deposition, and the production of kernicterus
      in high risk infants.

PMID- 4040629
TI  - To tube or not to tube: that continues to be the question.

PMID- 4040631
TI  - The importance of tumor markers in oral pathology. II. Cell membrane and
      cytoplasmic antigens as tumour markers.
AB  - Important tumour markers in tumours of the oral mucosa and salivary glands are
      intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton, oncofetal and proliferative antigens,
      lectin receptors and blood group substances, enzymes, metalloproteins and viral
      antigens. The special occurrence of the following tumour markers was
      demonstrated: keratin, vimentin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue
      polypeptide antigen (TPA), lectins (helix pomatia antigen = HPA, peanut
      agglutinin = PNA), Thomsen-Friedenreich-antigen, blood group substances A and B,
      amylase, lactoferrin, viral antigens of papilloma virus (group 11 and 16). In
      oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas, relationships exist between the
      presence of keratin filaments and cell differentiation. Lectins represent
      membrane-orientated markers of differentiation. A loss of blood group substances
      A and B can be observed in oral dysplasias. Papilloma viruses and viral
      antibodies can be demonstrated in papillomas, leukoplakias and carcinomas. The
      salivary gland tumours show a distinct pattern of distribution for keratin,
      vimentin, CEA, TPA, metalloproteins and enzymes. Transplanted human salivary
      gland tumours in athymic nude mice keep the same tumour marker profile as in the
      primary tumor.

PMID- 4040630
TI  - Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro: site-directed mutagenesis of the nuclear
      factor I binding site of the Ad2 origin.
AB  - The template requirements for efficient adenovirus DNA replication were studied
      in vitro in a reconstituted system with cloned DNA fragments, containing the Ad2
      origin region, as templates. Replication is enhanced by nuclear factor I, a
      cellular protein that binds specifically to the Ad2 origin. This stimulation is
      shown to be strongly dependent on the concentration of the adenovirus DNA binding
      protein. Using synthetic oligonucleotides we have constructed plasmids with base
      substitutions in the nuclear factor I binding region. Footprint analysis and
      competition filter binding studies show that two of the three small blocks of
      conserved nucleotides in this region are involved in the binding of nuclear
      factor I. The binding affinity can be influenced by the base composition of the
      degenerate region just outside these two blocks. In vitro initiation and DNA
      chain elongation experiments with the mutants demonstrate that binding of nuclear
      factor I to the Ad2 origin is necessary for stimulation. However, binding alone
      is not always sufficient since a mutation which only slightly disturbs binding is
      strongly impaired in stimulation of DNA replication by nuclear factor I.

PMID- 4040632
TI  - Galactorrhoea amenorrhoea syndrome due to internal carotid artery aneurysm.
AB  - A 32 year old female with hyperprolactinaemia-galactorrhoea-amenorrhoea due to a
      right internal carotid artery aneurysm just before its bifurcation is described.
      She had two episodes of subarachnoid haemorrhage necessitating an emergency
      internal carotid artery ligation. She responded to bromocriptine treatment with
      restoration of her menses, normalization of circulating prolactin and
      disappearance of galactorrhoea.

PMID- 4040633
TI  - Periductal mastitis and mammary duct ectasia in a male.
AB  - A case of periductal mastitis and mammary duct ectasia is presented in a 50 year
      old male, with presenting symptoms similar to those of females, namely subareolar
      breast lump and mastalgia. As far as can be ascertained only 4 cases of mammary
      duct ectasia and periductal mastitis in males have been reported previously.
      Since this entity is not well known in males it is possible that it may be
      underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed clinically and histologically.

PMID- 4040634
TI  - Spontaneous perforation of a pyometra presenting as generalized peritonitis.
AB  - Eleven cases of spontaneous perforation of a pyometra have previously been
      reported. All were associated with, and probably secondary to, cervical
      occlusion. A further case is described, but differs in that the cervical canal
      was patent. In the absence of other possible causes of uterine perforation, the
      aetiology of the perforation in this case remains uncertain.

PMID- 4040635
TI  - Effect of a failure of energy supply on adenine nucleotide breakdown in placentae
      and other fetal tissues from rat and guinea pig.
AB  - The effects of ischaemia on adenylate energy charge of tissues from fetal rats
      and fetal guinea pigs were measured. Adult rat and guinea-pig tissues, as well as
      human placentae, were also studied. The largest differences observed were between
      the fetuses from different pregnant animals (P = 4.74 X 10(-15). Reductions in
      energy charge in placentae were slower than in other defined fetal tissues,
      especially brain. In the rat, an immature species at birth, greater 'stability'
      was observed in placentae of 14 days of gestation than near term at 20 days of
      gestation. As contrast, in the guinea pig, a mature species at birth, there was
      no difference in 'stability' in placenta or other fetal tissues between about 40
      days of gestation and near term, about 60 days of gestation. In addition to these
      tissue and maturity effects in the fetus, it has been confirmed that fetal
      tissues are more 'resistant' than adult tissues to failures of energy supply.
      Concentrations of adenosine, uridine, guanosine and cytidine nucleotides in
      placenta show similar patterns in rats and guinea pigs. Fetal liver contains more
      uridine nucleotides and brain more cytidine nucleotides. It is suggested that the
      placenta retains an early fetal ability to maintain itself during ischaemia; this
      might be advantageous during parturition. Possible endocrine and other mechanisms
      'damping' fetoplacental metabolism are linked with a discussion of the large
      maternal effect.

PMID- 4040636
TI  - Metabolism of 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene by intestinal microflora.

PMID- 4040637
TI  - The future of germfree research.

PMID- 4040638
TI  - Indomethacin facilitates acute tolerance to and dependence upon morphine as
      measured by changes in fixed-ratio behavior and rectal temperature in rats.
AB  - The effects of indomethacin, a prostaglandin (PG) synthetase inhibitor, on acute
      tolerance to and dependence on morphine were investigated. Twelve mature, male
      Long-Evans rats were trained to lever press for food reinforcement on a fixed
      ratio 30 schedule (FR 30 behavior) and have their rectal temperature taken. The
      experimental protocol began with taking the rat's temperature followed by a 30
      minute behavioral session. Immediately after this session the animal was injected
      with indomethacin or its vehicle. Two-and-a-half hours later this procedure was
      repeated, except that morphine or saline was administered. After an additional
      2.5 hours had elapsed, a 60 minute behavioral session occurred. Half-way through
      the session the rat was injected with morphine (tolerance), naloxone
      (dependence), or saline. Immediately after the session the rat's temperature was
      recorded. Indomethacin potentiated the acute tolerance to the behavioral
      suppressant and hyperthermic effects of morphine. Indomethacin pretreatment also
      greatly enhanced the capacity of naloxone to decrease temperature and suppress FR
      30 behavior in morphine-treated rats. These effects were not due to indomethacin
      altering the acute effects of morphine or the amount of morphine in the brain.
      These data suggest that indomethacin is inhibiting synthesis of PGs which are
      important in morphine tolerance and dependence.

PMID- 4040639
TI  - Barbiturate tolerance and dependence: effects on synaptosomal sodium transport
      and membrane fluidity.
AB  - DBA mice were fed lab chow containing phenobarbital for seven or eight days. Upon
      withdrawal of the phenobarbital diet, dependence was evidenced by appearance of
      hypothermia, handling-induced convulsions and lethal seizures. Functional
      tolerance was determined by injecting phenobarbital into mice treated with the
      phenobarbital diet or a pair-fed control diet and measuring the brain
      concentration of phenobarbital at the time of loss of righting reflex and the
      time of regaining righting reflex. Both measures demonstrated that chronic
      consumption of phenobarbital resulted in functional tolerance. When the diet was
      withdrawn for two days, tolerance was no longer present, indicating a rapid
      reversal of the adaptive changes. The veratridine-stimulated uptake of 24Na by
      isolated brain synaptosomes was used as a measure of membrane function. Sodium
      uptake was inhibited in vitro by pentobarbital and ethanol, and the inhibitory
      effects of these drugs were attenuated by chronic in vivo phenobarbital
      treatment. The fluidity of brain synaptic plasma membranes was estimated by the
      fluorescence polarization of the fluorescent probe molecules 1-(4
      trimethylammonium phenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5
      hexatriene. Synaptic membranes from mice treated chronically with phenobarbital
      did not differ from those of control mice with regard to either the baseline
      fluorescence polarization of the probes or the decrease in fluorescence
      polarization produced by in vitro exposure to phenobarbital or ethanol. Taken
      together, these results indicate that although chronic phenobarbital ingestion
      resulted in tolerance and dependence (studied in vivo), and adaptation of sodium
      channels (studied in vitro), there was no evidence that these changes were due to
      alterations in the membrane physical properties.

PMID- 4040640
TI  - Effects of dose rate and dose fractionation of irradiation on pulmonary alveolar
      macrophage colony-forming cells.
AB  - We have studied the effects of dose rate and dose fractionation on murine
      pulmonary alveolar macrophage colony-forming cells (AL-CFC). The dose-response
      curve of AL-CFC to ionizing irradiation has a Dq of about 100 rad, reflecting the
      cells' ability to repair sublethal damage. For comparison, we investigated the
      effect of dose schedule on the committed bone marrow stem cells for both
      granulocytes and monocytes (GM-CFC) since their dose-response curve has a very
      small shoulder. We compared the results of dose rates of 3 and 10 rad/min to
      those obtained with a dose rate of 85 rad/min. We determined survival after
      giving 100, 300, and 500 rad either in vivo or in vitro. A significant dose rate
      effect was observed. To study the effect of dose fractionation, a total of 600
      rad was given either as a single fraction, three fractions of 200 rad on 3
      consecutive days, or six fractions of 100 rad in 3 days. The most dramatic effect
      was seen in the group that received six 100-rad fractions. No reduction in the
      number of AL-CFC was seen in this group. In sharp contrast, only a minimal dose
      schedule effect was observed with GM-CFC.

PMID- 4040641
TI  - [Effect of synthetic polyribonucleotides on the immunological and colony-forming
      activity of irradiated bone marrow cells].
AB  - The experimental data are presented concerning the effect of polyribonucleotides
      on the immunologic and colony forming ability of bone marrow or irradiated mice.
      All the compounds under study exhibited a pronounced, but to a different degree,
      colony-forming and immunostimulating action. The comparative study of the
      influence of polyribonucleotides on the number of endogenous colonies and
      antibody-forming cells showed an inverse relationship between these parameters:
      The preparations exerting the most pronounced immunostimulating effect had an
      insignificant colony-forming action and vice versa. This is evidently indicative
      of the capacity of these preparations to turn the differentiation of haemopoietic
      stem cells towards the immunopoiesis.

PMID- 4040642
TI  - Voiding cystourethrography: the initial radiologic study in children with urinary
      tract infection.
AB  - The order in which children with urinary tract infection should undergo voiding
      cystourethrography (VCUG), excretory urography (EU), and/or renal ultrasonography
      (US) is not standardized. To determine a logical sequence of study, we performed
      VCUG and then either US or EU on 389 consecutive children with urinary tract
      infections. Thirty-seven percent (133/358) of the children were found to have
      reflux; of these, 22.5% (30/133) had an abnormal excretory urogram. No
      correlation was found between either the age of the child and the degree of
      reflux or the age of the child and the percentage of children with abnormal
      excretory urograms. Since normal EU or US results do not exclude significant
      reflux, VCUG is recommended as the preferred initial screening examination in
      children with urinary tract infection.

PMID- 4040643
TI  - Brain tumors: MR imaging with gadolinium-DTPA.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on 40 patients with intracranial
      tumors, before and after intravenous administration of gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA).
      Precontrast studies included a comprehensive protocol of spin-echo sequences.
      Tumors were visualized on precontrast images either directly or indirectly by
      anatomic distortion caused by the mass. However, differentiation of the tumor
      from adjacent tissues was possible in only 17 of 40 cases. Delineation of the
      tumor was best on precontrast, T2-weighted images. After administration of Gd
      DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg), increased signal intensity from the tumor was observed in all
      patients. The localized increase in signal intensity in the tumor considerably
      improved the tumor delineation in 36 of 40 patients. Whereas most of the
      meningiomas, neuromas, and adenomas could be delineated prior to administration
      of contrast material if appropriate pulse sequences were applied, glioblastomas
      and intracranial metastases required Gd-DTPA administration for diagnostically
      sufficient tumor display.

PMID- 4040644
TI  - Tumors and arteriovenous malformations of the spinal cord: assessment using MR.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with either primary spinal cord tumors (n = 18), intradural
      tumors excavating into the cord (n = 9), or spinal arteriovenous malformations
      (AVM) (n = 6) were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In 25 of 38
      examinations (66%) (five patients were studied twice), MR provided more
      information than that provided by other neuroradiologic procedures. In several
      cases, MR affected patient management decisions. Advantages of MR, in addition to
      the absence of ionizing radiation and its noninvasive nature, include good spinal
      cord-CSF-theca contrast, lack of bone-derived artifacts, ease of multiplanar
      imaging, improved discrimination between intra- and extramedullary lesions,
      better definition of tumoral cavities and possible distinction from true
      syringes, ability to help one recognize thrombus formation within an AVM, and
      ease of follow-up of cord lesions for possible size changes. Apart from factors
      precluding the study in several patients (life support systems, pacemakers,
      claustrophobia, neurovascular clips), disadvantages of MR imaging include motion
      artifacts (prevalent in thoracolumbar area), poor capability of typing and
      grading of tumors, potential of false-positive results, poor detection of
      calcification, and poor delineation of feeders and drainers of AVM.

PMID- 4040645
TI  - Changes in the affinity of [3H]nimodipine binding sites in the brain upon
      chlorpromazine treatment and subsequent withdrawal.
AB  - Male mice were chronically treated with chlorpromazine mixed in powdered diet,
      and the properties of brain calcium channels were assessed using [3H]nimodipine
      binding. It was found that this treatment resulted in a significant increase in
      the affinity of calcium channels, without a significant change in their density.
      These effects of chlorpromazine were time dependent. When mice were administered
      chlorpromazine for 2 months, then the drug was withdrawn, there was a rebound
      decrease in the channel affinity.

PMID- 4040647
TI  - [The depressed patient and his family].

PMID- 4040646
TI  - [The effects of aging and genetic factors on heart rate response to hypoxia-
      studies in twins].

PMID- 4040648
TI  - [Bologna's treatment method for stress urinary incontinence. An interesting
      technic in large cystoceles].
AB  - The authors report a series of 25 operations using the Bologna technic in which
      20 cases were examined with bladder function tests before and after surgery. This
      technic has curative results for vesical hernia or cystocele and urinary
      incontinence. In all but one case the abdominal pressure transmission defect to
      the upper urethra was corrected without deterioration of maximal urethral
      pressure.

PMID- 4040649
TI  - Perinatal mortality distributed by type of hospital in the Central Hospital
      District of Helsinki, Finland.
AB  - In Finland as in many other countries, perinatal mortality is higher in those
      institutions having a higher level of care. To explain this phenomenon, mortality
      by weight groups was studied in different hospitals in the Central Hospital
      District of Helsinki in Finland in 1977-81. Among infants weighing less than 2
      500 g, perinatal mortality was higher in the local hospital than in the
      university hospital, the higher mortality being due to the higher rate of
      stillborn infants. Among babies weighing over 2 500 g, the mortality was lower in
      local hospitals than in the university hospital. Further studies to explain the
      higher mortality of infants weighing over 2 500 g in the university hospital are
      needed.

PMID- 4040650
TI  - [Prevention of mastitis-metritis-agalactia in sows of problem herds].

PMID- 4040651
TI  - Ethanol withdrawal in mice precipitated and exacerbated by hyperbaric exposure.
AB  - Mice were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 9 days. On removal of the
      diet, exposure to 12 atmospheres absolute of a mixture of helium and oxygen
      precipitated earlier withdrawal, increased withdrawal scores for the first 6
      hours, and increased the peak withdrawal intensity compared to dependent animals
      exposed to control conditions. The enhanced withdrawal did not appear to reflect
      alterations in ethanol elimination, oxygen or helium partial pressures, body
      temperature, or general excitability. These results extend to chronically treated
      animals the evidence that hyperbaric exposure antagonizes the membrane actions of
      ethanol.

PMID- 4040652
TI  - A ten-year study of twins in Toa Payoh Hospital 1973-1982.

PMID- 4040653
TI  - Soft tissue abscess caused by Torulopsis glabrata and Lactobacillus.

PMID- 4040654
TI  - Humoral immune responses to soluble somatic extracts of Dipetalonema viteae adult
      worms infected hamsters.
AB  - The present study examined the serum IgG1 and IgM antibody responses of infected
      hamsters to unfractionated and fractionated soluble somatic (SS) antigens of
      adult Dipetalonema viteae. Male and female adult worms were homogenized in a
      French pressure cell and the SS proteins extracted with 0.375 M Tris-glycine
      buffer. Serum IgG1 and IgM antibody responses in D. viteae infected with LVG, PD4
      and CB hamster strains to the male and female unfractionated SS proteins were
      measured by an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum IgG1
      antibody responses to the SS proteins were similar in all three strains of
      hamsters during the course of infection. There was no correlation between the
      level of IgG1 antibody and the onset of microfilariae clearance. The serum IgM
      antibody response was similar in both outbred LVG and inbred PD4 hamster strains.
      A lower IgM antibody response was found in CB hamsters and could be related to
      the failure of this hamster strain to eliminate microfilariae. The SS proteins of
      male and female adult worms were fractionated by preparative flat-bed isoelectric
      focusing on granulated gels (PIEF) to yield 8 and 7 fractions, respectively. The
      comparative antigenicity of the PIEF fractions from the SS proteins was measured
      by ELISA, using hyperimmune serum from LVG hamsters and rabbit antihamster IgG1
      and IgM-alkaline phosphatase conjugates. No difference in ELISA reactivity was
      noted among the 8 and 7 PIEF fractions from male and female SS proteins.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040655
TI  - Phaeoannellomyces and the Phaeococcomycetaceae, new dematiaceous blastomycete
      taxa.
AB  - Phaeoannellomyces McGinnis et Schell gen. nov., which is based upon P. elegans
      McGinnis et Schell sp. nov., is proposed for dematiaceous yeasts which produce
      percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells. Cladosporium werneckii Horta is
      transferred to Phaeoannellomyces as P. werneckii (Horta) McGinnis et Schell comb.
      nov. because the most stable and distinctive synanamorph produced by this fungus
      consists of annellidic yeast cells. The Phaeococcomycetaceae McGinnis et Schell
      fam. nov. is proposed in the class Blastomycetes, division Fungi Imperfecti for
      the dematiaceous yeast genera Phaeoannellomyces and Phaeococcomyces de Hoog.

PMID- 4040656
TI  - Syrinx of the conus medullaris and filum terminale in association with multiple
      hemangioblastomas.
AB  - A patient with multiple hemangioblastomas and syrinxes of the cerebellum and
      spinal cord is presented. An additional mass imaged at the L-3 vertebral level
      was identified by percutaneous syringography as a bilobular syrinx extending from
      the conus medullaris into the filum terminale. At surgery the syrinx was opened
      into the caudal cerebrospinal fluid space and the several hemangioblastomas
      excised. These spinal tumors all appeared to arise in juxtaposition to the
      posterolateral sulcus and dorsal sensory roots.

PMID- 4040657
TI  - [Vascular component of the fibrinolytic system of blood (plasminogen activator of
      vascular wall) in patients with duodenal ulcer with a history of hemorrhagic
      complications].
AB  - It has been established that patients with duodenal ulcer complicated by
      hemorrhage in the past are characterized by the low response of the fibrinolytic
      system (FS) to two different exposures--local venous occlusion and administration
      of the sympathomimetic alupent. The rate of plasminogen the lower limit of normal
      in almost 2/3 of patients with activator release (RPAR) from vascular depots was
      under hemorrhages and in 1/4 of those with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. The low
      RPAR was coupled with hereditary aggravation and hyperplasia of the parietal
      glandulocytes of the stomach. In duodenal ulcer complicated by hemorrhages, the
      normal parameters of the fibrinolysis kinetics and RPAR were encountered 3 times
      less frequently than in uncomplicated duodenal ulcer, whereas activated blood
      fibrinolysis coupled with the low RPAR 5 times as frequently. The shifts can
      severe a discriminant prognostic criterion painting to a potential risk of
      hemorrhage and making it possible to carry out the different prophylaxis. The
      treatment with epsilon-aminocaprotic acid given in courses makes the FS including
      its vascular component return to normal.

PMID- 4040658
TI  - Characterization of two monoclonal antibodies against human tissue-type
      plasminogen activator.
AB  - A series of hybridoma clones, each producing monoclonal antibodies to human
      tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), were prepared from mice by standard
      procedures. Two of these clones were selected for further study. One HI72A1,
      produced antibodies that bound to t-PA and strongly inhibited its activity,
      whereas another, LI72D1, produced antibodies that bound to t-PA but did not
      affect its activity. The specificity of these antibodies was assessed in
      immunoabsorption experiments. Both immunoprecipitated 125I-labeled t-PA, and both
      were specific since only t-PA was recognized in conditioned media collected from
      Bowes melanoma cells cultured in the presence of 3H-leucine. Neither antibody
      recognized urokinase. t-PA was desorbed from antibody HI72A1-Sepharose columns
      with 0.5 M NaCl, consistent with its relatively low association constant (Ka =
      9.37 X 10(7) M-1). In contrast, a strong chaotropic agent (i.e., 2 M KI) was
      required to elute t-PA from antibody LI72D1 columns (Ka = 2.08 X 10(9) M-1). This
      latter high affinity antibody was employed to develop an immunoradiometric assay
      for t-PA having a sensitivity of 0.5 ng/ml.

PMID- 4040659
TI  - In vitro studies on the fibrinolytic, thrombolytic and fibrinogenolytic
      properties of a tissue plasminogen activator from guinea pig keratocytes.
AB  - The fibrinolytic and thrombolytic properties of a tissue plasminogen activator
      (tPA) purified from the conditioned medium of an established guinea pig
      keratocyte (GPK) cell line were investigated in in vitro systems and compared
      with urokinase. Using the fibrin clot lysis assay, GPK activator appears to be
      similar to human melanoma tPA and not to human urokinase. GPK activator also
      caused negligible fibrinogen breakdown, when incubated with human plasma at 37
      degrees C over 23 hr. Urokinase on the other hand caused significant
      fibrinogenolysis, under similar conditions. Comparison of the lysis of plasma
      clots by GPK activator and human urokinase have shown that GPK activator was a
      much more effective fibrinolytic agent than urokinase, especially at lower
      concentrations (less than 50 IU/ml). Studies on the thrombolytic effect of GPK
      activator on the lysis of aged and cross-linked whole human blood clots and
      plasma clots hanging in artificially circulating human plasma suggest that GPK
      activator can lyse both these types of clots equally well. The lysis is dose
      dependent, attaining complete lysis within 3-6 hr with the concentration of GPK
      activator in the range of 1-5 micrograms/ml plasma. It is concluded that GPK
      activator has a higher fibrinolytic and thrombolytic activity and lower
      fibrinogenolytic activity than urokinase.

PMID- 4040660
TI  - Species specificity in the acceleration of tissue-type plasminogen activator
      mediated activation of plasminogens, by fibrinogen cyanogen bromide fragments.
AB  - Activation of human plasminogen by human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)
      is accelerated in the presence of cyanogen bromide digests of human fibrin(ogen).
      In the present study a possible species specificity of this phenomenon was
      investigated. All combinations of the plasminogens, fibrin monomers and cyanogen
      bromide digests of the fibrinogens of man, pig, rat, cat and monkey (Macaca
      mulatta), and three t-PA species (man, rat and pig) were studied. No species
      differences were noted with the fibrin monomers i.e. the activation rate of all
      five plasminogens increased more than 20-fold in the presence of all five fibrin
      monomer species, irrespective if man, rat or pig t-PA was used. However, we found
      that species specificities come to expression when cyanogen bromide digests of
      the corresponding fibrinogens were used as accelerators. Our results indicate
      that the plasminogen species and not the source of t-PA or fibrinogen dictates if
      accelerated activation occurs in the presence of a fibrinogen CNBr digest. The
      plasminogens can be roughly divided in two groups: --One group, comprising human,
      monkey and cat plasminogen, which are activated at a higher rate by all three t
      PA species in the presence of fibrinogen digest independent on the fibrinogen
      species from which the digest was prepared. --Another group, comprising pig and
      rat plasminogen, which is not or only marginally more quickly activated by the 3
      t-PA species, irrespective of the fibrinogen species from which the CNBr digest
      was prepared.

PMID- 4040661
TI  - [Economic losses to farms due to paratuberculosis in cattle].
AB  - The results of a study on economic losses to farms caused by paratuberculosis in
      dairy cattle are reported. Quantification of the decrease in production and
      determination of standard losses due to premature disposal using calculations
      based on a model were stressed. A decrease in production of 19.5 per cent
      compared with the last lactation but two was recorded in animals showing clinical
      symptoms of paratuberculosis. The decrease in production was 5 per cent during
      the last lactation but one compared with the previous lactation. The decrease in
      production during lactation on disposal was 16 per cent and 6 per cent during the
      last lactation but one compared with the last lactation but two in animals with
      non-clinical forms of paratuberculosis. The average cow showing clinical symptoms
      of paratuberculosis, which was disposed of, caused a total loss of 2,250
      guilders, whereas the average cow with a non-clinical form of Johne's disease was
      estimated to cause a loss of 1,800 guilders.

PMID- 4040662
TI  - Diurnal variation of QT interval in patients with VVI pacemaker.
AB  - In nine patients with chronically implanted ventricular pacemaker (VVI), diurnal
      variation of the QT interval was studied. The mean age of the patients was 74.2
      years and underlying diseases were atrioventricular block (three patients), sick
      sinus syndrome (four patients) and chronic atrial fibrillation with bradycardia
      and heart failure (two patients). Eight of the nine patients showed longer QT
      intervals during sleep than during waking. Only one patient showed no change in
      QT interval during sleep and during wake time. The mean QT interval of the nine
      patients at each hour was slightly longer (9 msec) during sleep than that during
      each awake hour (p less than 0.001). The prolongation of QT interval during sleep
      may offer a possible mechanism of some nocturnal arrhythmias.

PMID- 4040663
TI  - Antitumor effect of the yeast polysaccharide preparation in syngeneic mouse tumor
      models.
AB  - Antitumor effect of our Candida utilis glucomannan preparation (YPS) was
      evaluated in two syngeneic transplantable tumors; the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL)
      in C57BL/6 (B6) mice and the 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcoma in
      C3H/He mice. YPS inhibited preferentially the 3LL pulmonary metastases only when
      optimal dosage was given at an earlier stage; 7 daily intraperitoneal (i.p.)
      doses of 100 mg/kg per dose from the next day of tumor inoculation (1 X
      10(5)/mouse, subcutaneously, s.c.) substantially reduced the number of metastatic
      nodules, yielding the inhibition ratio 54% on day 21. However, the same treatment
      delayed until day 8 markedly facilitated the metastatic spread (-105%).
      Postsurgical-adjuvant therapy with YPS (10 daily i.p. doses of 100 mg/kg per dose
      from the next day of surgery) was effective in improving the survival rate with
      no evidence of metastatic growth on day 200, even though the amputation of the
      tumor-bearing legs was performed after the pulmonary metastases had been
      established (on day 20). In the MCA-fibrosarcoma model, YPS treatment from day 3
      (10 daily doses of 100 mg/kg per dose) was effective in prolonging the survival
      period. The 3LL local tumor was affected only marginally and temporarily, while
      the MCA-tumor was not at all.

PMID- 4040664
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E1 infusion in the pre-operative management of critical
      congenital heart disease.
AB  - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was administered to 27 infants in whom pulmonary or
      systemic blood flow was entirely or significantly dependent upon the patency of
      the ductus arteriosus. In 12 patients with pulmonary atresia or severe pulmonary
      stenosis, PGE1 infusion was followed by an improvement in hypoxemia and acidemia
      (group I). In 2 patients with left ventricular outflow-tract obstruction, PGE1
      infusion was followed by an improvement in arterial blood pressure, peripheral
      perfusion and urine output (group II). In 5 patients with d-transposition of the
      great arteries and intact ventricular septum who had persistent severe hypoxemia
      after creation of an interatrial communication, PGE1 infusion improved the
      arterial oxygenation with dilatation of the ductus arteriosus (group III). Seven
      patients (3 of group I, 2 of group II and 2 of group III) failed to respond to
      PGE1. There were no fatal side effects. It is concluded that PGE1 therapy is
      highly effective in stabilizing pre-operative conditions of infants with ductus
      dependent congenital heart disease.

PMID- 4040665
TI  - The effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on hepatic lipid peroxide, glutathione,
      glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase in rats.
AB  - Water containing 20% ethanol was given for a period of 3, 6 and 9 weeks to rats,
      and changes in hepatic lipid peroxide, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and
      glutathione transferases were investigated. Lipid peroxide levels and glutathione
      peroxidase activities remained unchanged after 3 weeks and started to increase
      thereafter. Glutathione levels and glutathione transferase activities were
      significantly increased following ethanol consumption. These results show that
      chronic ethanol consumption stimulates hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats. This
      stimulation is not dependent on glutathione depletion and the increased
      glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase activities may reflect an
      adaptive change against ethanol-induced lipid peroxide toxicity.

PMID- 4040666
TI  - Ichthyotoxism by a paralytic toxin produced by marine dinoflagellates of the
      genus Ceratium: relationship to fraction beta isolated from the sponge Tedania
      ignis.
AB  - Two hundred tons of the plankton feeding sardine Cetengraulis edentulus died in
      March 1982, in Carenero (10 degrees 10' N, 66 degrees 05' W), Venezuela. A
      fraction was extracted from this fish that was toxic to mice by i.p. injection.
      The animals died in less than 4 min and showed generalized flaccid paralysis. Gel
      filtration on Sephadex G15 and Bio Gel P2 showed that the toxicity is related to
      a fraction that blocks the release of acetylcholine in frog (Rana pipiens)
      neuromuscular junctions. This toxin is similar in chemical properties and
      presynaptic effect to fraction beta isolated from the sponge T. ignis by Sevcik
      and Barboza. Fractions of the same biological action and chemical properties were
      isolated from plankton samples collected in the area of the ichthyotoxism. The
      correlation analysis between the presence of toxin and a plankton species in a
      sample, was carried out with a feasibility index (as %) defined by Sevcik and
      Mijares. Random samples of plankton (29) were collected in 3 locations (11
      degrees 50' N, 68 degrees 15' W; 10 degrees 36' 24'' N, 67 degrees 14'7'' W and
      10 degrees 21' N, 64 degrees 21' W). The correlation carried out over 167 species
      of phytoplankton present in the samples indicates that the species most likely to
      be responsible for the production of the fraction beta, in order of feasibility
      index (in parentheses) are: Ceratium furca (54%), Protoperidinium sp. (1.7%) and
      Protoperidinium pallidum (1.6%). In some samples a fraction similar to fraction
      alpha from T. ignis was also found. The identification of the phytoplankton
      responsible for this fraction is, however, less conclusive. The feasibility
      indexes are: Protoperidinium sp. (58%), Ceratium inflatum (30%), Podolampas sp.
      (23%), Ornithocercus steini (21%). The genus Ceratium was the second most
      abundant in Carenero at the time of the fish death. These results suggest that
      the toxins isolated from C. edentulus and T. ignis have a planktonic origin.

PMID- 4040667
TI  - Distribution of paralytic toxins in California shellfish.
AB  - Samples of Saxidomus nuttali and Mytilus californianus collected during the 1981
      dinoflagellate bloom at Bodega Bay, California, were analyzed for the presence of
      paralytic toxins. Neck tissue of S. nuttali contained saxitoxin (STX) and neoSTX
      (95% of the total toxicity), whereas the bodies contained neoSTX and a mixture of
      the gonyautoxins. In a sample of M. californianus the presence of neoSTX and the
      gonyautoxins was demonstrated, whereas a second sample, collected at a different
      site, contained almost exclusively neoSTX.

PMID- 4040668
TI  - Brevetoxins: chemistry and pharmacology of 'red tide' toxins from Ptychodiscus
      brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve).

PMID- 4040669
TI  - Effects of crude brevetoxin on membrane potential and spontaneous or evoked end
      plate potentials in rat hemidiaphragm.
AB  - The principal effects of crude brevetoxins on the neuromuscular junction of rat
      phrenic--diaphragm preparations are to: preferentially depress indirectly induced
      muscle contractions at concentrations lower than those required to affect
      directly induced muscle contractions; depolarize muscle membrane at both synaptic
      and extra-synaptic areas; increase MEPP frequency and eventually block end-plate
      potential generation; induce a concentration dependent biphasic effect on MEPP
      amplitude; depress acetylcholine-induced depolarizations. The mechanism of muscle
      membrane depolarization appears to involve an increase in membrane permeability,
      as shown by a decrease in input resistance at both synaptic and non-synaptic
      areas. That the major change is in sodium ion permeability is indicated by the
      observations that depolarizations do not occur in the absence of extracellular
      sodium or in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a sodium channel blocker.

PMID- 4040670
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of brevetoxins in dogs.
AB  - In anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs, brevetoxin caused dose-dependent
      periods of apnea and, at high doses, respiratory arrest. In artificially
      ventilated dogs, i.v. brevetoxin caused complex dose-related cardiovascular
      changes consisting of: (1) bradycardia; (2) triphasic blood pressure changes,
      sequentially characterized by depressor/pressor/depressor phases; (3) cardiac
      arrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation; (4) muscle fasciculations.
      Prevention of bradycardia by atropine, vagotomy or ganglionic blockage unmasked a
      tachycardic action of the toxin. Ganglionic blockade, but not atropine or
      vagotomy, reduced the initial depressor effect of toxin. Phentolamine prevented
      the toxin-induced initial hypotension and secondary hypertension. Propranolol
      prevented the tachycardic and late depressor effects of toxin. In reserpinized
      dogs, low doses of toxin caused muscle fasciculations but none of the above
      cardiovascular effects; large doses caused bradycardia preventable by atropine,
      but not by vagotomy or chlorisondamine. These results suggest that brevetoxin:
      elicits the Bezold-Jarisch effect, i.e. initial hypotension, bradycardia and
      apnea; releases catecholamines, probably adrenal epinephrine, causing
      tachycardic, secondary pressor and late depressor effects; in large doses,
      releases vagal acetylcholine; -induced catecholamine and acetylcholine release is
      not nicotinic; produces effects, like those reported for veratridine,
      attributable to a common action on excitable membranes.

PMID- 4040671
TI  - Adenylate cyclase and histopathological changes in the gerbil brain following
      prolonged unilateral ischemia and recirculation.
AB  - This study was designed to correlate histopathological changes in gerbil brain
      following unilateral primary and secondary ischemia to enzymatic-adenylate
      cyclase damage. At three hrs permanent occlusion of the right common carotid
      artery only minimal histological changes were evident in cerebrum, hippocampus,
      striatum and olfactory tubercle while the enzyme responses were unremarkable.
      Severe histological and enzymatic alterations were present at one hour of
      recirculation subsequent to 3 hrs of unilateral occlusion. Similar damage was
      evident at 6 and 24 hrs permanent occlusion. Principal enzyme damage was directed
      toward basal activity, as well as stimulation of the catalytic (forskolin
      sensitive) sites on the enzyme complex. For the most part the transducer (GTP
      sensitive) site was unaffected by ischemia until 24 hr ligation. These changes
      were observed in only those gerbils developing severe symptoms of stroke.

PMID- 4040672
TI  - Enhancement of the immunosuppressive effect of graft-versus-host disease by
      partial-body irradiation.

PMID- 4040673
TI  - Accuracy of the double contrast enema in evaluation of the abdominal diffusion of
      ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - The results of 103 double contrast enemas in 72 patients with ovarian carcinoma
      (stage III and IV) were compared with laparoscopic and/or laparotomic findings at
      comparable times. The evaluation of the validity of radiology in detecting the
      presence of abdominal disease showed an 84% overall accuracy, 75% specificity and
      86% sensitivity. The accuracy in detecting signs of adhesion and parietal
      infiltration of the large bowel was 76.3%, due to the limited size of most of the
      lesions. Forty-seven of the 72 patients underwent a double contrast enema and
      laparoscopy during presurgical staging: accuracy in detecting lesions was the
      same for both examinations (80.4%). When double contrast enema and laparoscopy
      were used together in the evaluation of abdominal extension of the disease, the
      diagnostic accuracy rose to 93.6%.

PMID- 4040674
TI  - [Properties of cathepsin D from unfertilized eggs, embryos and skeletal muscles
      of the loach].
AB  - The action and some properties of cathepsin D, partly purified from unfertilized
      loach eggs, embryos and skeletal muscles were determined. The enzyme from embryo
      cells displays the activity maximum at pH 3.0 and pH 4.8 while enzyme from
      skeletal muscles--only at pH 3.0. Cathepsin D purified from all three sources
      splits actively hemoglobin, albumin, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase,
      pyruvate kinase and practically does not influence casein, hexokinase, glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase. The enzyme is comparatively thermolabile and its
      activity decreases in the presence of thiol compounds. The main part of cathepsin
      D in skeletal muscle cells and in embryo cells is precipitated after differential
      centrifugation of homogenates (25000 g; 60 min).

PMID- 4040675
TI  - [Leucine aminopeptidase activity in pain-induced emotional stress].
AB  - It is established that leucine aminopeptidase activity during emotional-algesic
      stress increases in the brain hemispheres, left ventricle and liver of the rats
      as compared to that of intact animals. Maximum activation of the enzyme in the
      brain and liver is detected for the first two days after the stress while in the
      heart - for the whole period of the total stress damages volume development. A
      conclusion is drawn that the shifts observed in leucine aminopeptidase activity
      during emotional-algesic stress affect the methionine-enkephalin and leucin
      enkephalin ratio.

PMID- 4040676
TI  - Segmental aplasia and hydrometra in a goat.

PMID- 4040677
TI  - [Prevention of impairment of myocardium metabolism and function in immobilization
      stress using previous adaptation to short stress exposures].
AB  - A long-term immobilization stress was shown to cause a distinct enzymemia in
      rats. Simultaneously, activation of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in glycogen
      content were observed in myocardium; a distinctly increased penetration of
      aspartate transferase, lactate- and malate dehydrogenases and RNAase into
      coronary circulation was found in isolated heart of the animals. These
      impairments of metabolism were accompanied by a depression of the heart
      contractile function. The impairments in metabolism and in heart functions might
      be prevented by preadaptation of the animals to multiple short-term
      immobilization effects, which did not cause any impairments per se.

PMID- 4040678
TI  - [Energy metabolism in the cerebral cortex in necrosis of the myocardium].
AB  - In ischemic necrosis of myocardium inhibition of energy metabolism occurred in
      brain, as a result of which an impairment of the brain functional state might
      take place. Emotional stress, preceding the myocardium necrosis, augmented the
      impairments of energy metabolism in brain hemispheres.

PMID- 4040679
TI  - [Use of antioxidants for the prevention and correction of the negative effects of
      hypokinesia].

PMID- 4040680
TI  - [The use of lasers in medicine with special reference to dermatology].
AB  - The laser machine and the unique quality of the laser beam are described. The
      basis of the medical application of laser is its capacity to concentrate large
      amounts of energy on a small volume of tissue, mostly resulting in thermal
      coagulation necrosis. The effect of monochromate laser radiation varies,
      depending on the different absorption of various laser beams by tissues.
      Indications of various types of lasers for treatment, especially in dermatology,
      are discussed and safety instructions are mentioned.

PMID- 4040681
TI  - [Clinical pharmacology of nonsteroidal antiphlogistics. II: Interactions and side
      effects].

PMID- 4040682
TI  - [Edemas--review of pathogenesis].

PMID- 4040683
TI  - [Fine structure of the uterine gland epithelium in cattle].

PMID- 4040684
TI  - The influence of congenital Toxoplasma infection on the spontaneous running
      activity of mice.
AB  - Home-cage running-wheel activity of mice congenitally infected with Toxoplasma
      was recorded over 24 days. Infected mice were consistently more active than
      uninfected controls over the entire testing period. This finding extends previous
      studies and indicates that such increased activity levels occur not only in novel
      but also in familiar environments, and suggests that congenital toxoplasmosis
      tends to render mice "hyperactive'. If such behavioural alterations occur in wild
      mice, it is likely that infected mouse intermediate hosts would be more
      susceptible to predation by cats, the definitive hosts of Toxoplasma.

PMID- 4040685
TI  - Human adenovirus 2 as immunogen in rabbits yields antisera with high titers of
      antibodies against the nonstructural 72K DNA-binding protein.
AB  - Immunization in rabbits with intact, highly purified adenovirus type 2 (Ad2)
      virions, yielded antisera with high titers of antibodies against the 72 000
      dalton DNA-binding protein (DBP). This was established by rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis when an anti-intact Ad2-antiserum was analyzed against
      fractions from an ion-exchange chromatogram of soluble antigens remaining after
      virus isolation from virus-infected HeLa cells. The high anti-DBP titer did not
      reflect the composition of the immunogen, since no DBP was detectable within
      virions. An antiserum raised in response to mildly disrupted virions showed no
      specificity against the DBP, but contained antibodies against the same structural
      proteins as the anti-intact Ad2-antiserum, when analyzed by the immunoblotting
      technique. These findings indicate that the nonpermissive rabbit as an
      experimental host permits early gene expression of a human adenovirus.

PMID- 4040686
TI  - [Participation of angiotensin II in the establishment of negative emotional
      reactions].
AB  - In waking rats and rabbits systemically injected angiotensin II was shown to
      participate predominantly in the mechanisms of negative emotional reactions. The
      effects of angiotensin II were observed at the behavioural level as well as at
      the neuronal one. Depending on the dose and the time of injection of angiotensin
      II and its specific antagonist saralasin they inhibited or facilitated
      elaboration and extinction of automatized conditioned active avoidance
      independently of arterial, pressure changes, the pain threshold being altered.
      Injection of angiotensin II abolished individual behavioural reactions of the
      animals in response to stress factors and increased their resistability to
      emotional stress. The negative emotional reactions were found to induce changes
      of chemosensitivity of neurones of the parafascicular complex of the medial
      thalamus and the midbrain reticular formation during microionophoretic
      application of angiotensin II. A supposition is made about the increase of
      angiotensin II brain synthesis under conditions of emotional stress.

PMID- 4040687
TI  - [Development of passivity in the rat: effect of tranquilizers and
      antidepressants].
AB  - Following the views on passivity as one of the features of depression-like
      behaviour in rats developing as a result of unavoidable painful stimulation an
      attempt was made to eliminate by antidepressant drugs the passivity manifested in
      an almost complete absence of motor searching reactions in an "open field" and a
      maze. However tranquilizing drugs rather than antidepressants to a greater extent
      induced the effect presupposed. Hence the type of passivity under study
      corresponds more likely to neurotized behaviour than to a special depression
      like. In the second series of experiments the action was studied of multiple
      injections of antidepressants on similar manifestations of passivity as well as
      on alimentary instrumental conditioned responses in rats with initially expressed
      passive character of behaviour. In this case too neither the presupposed increase
      of motor searching reaction was observed nor any significant changes in the rate
      of instrumental conditioning nor elimination of its failures of a "refuse" type.

PMID- 4040689
TI  - [PQ interval and pre-excitation syndrome in direct fetal electrocardiogram--fetal
      Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) syndrome].
AB  - Preexcitation syndromes are rare disturbances of the atrioventricular excitation
      transmission in direct fetal electrocardiograms. As example we report on a fetal
      Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL)-syndrome. This is to differentiate from the Wolff
      Parkinson-White (WPW)-syndrome, which is possible by typical changes in the QRS
      complex. Possibly the short PQ-interval in the fetal electrocardiogram is
      functional, but needs postnatal control.

PMID- 4040688
TI  - [Role of limbic-neocortical mechanisms in the formation of experimental
      alcoholism in the rat].
AB  - The role of the amigdalar complex and the hippocampus as well as their
      interaction with the hypothalamus in a formation of attraction to alcohol was
      studied in 40 rats. After electrolytic lesions of the hippocampus and the
      amigdalar complex at early stages of alcoholization the inhibition of development
      of this pathologic attraction occurred however with subsequent dynamical
      reorganization of the structural and functional mechanisms of alcoholic
      motivation and with duplication of the triggering links. Important role of the
      limbico-neocortical relations was revealed in a development of behavioural and
      emotional-vegetative disturbances accompanying experimental alcoholism.

PMID- 4040690
TI  - Immunological and virological studies of patients with tumours of the urogenital
      system.
AB  - The possible connections between the oncogenic viruses and the various tumours of
      the urogenital system were investigated. Examining the patients' cellular immune
      response by the lymphocyte transformation test, it was found that the non
      specific immune response was considerably diminished in almost all cases, while
      response to adeno- and herpesvirus antigens was enhanced. Structural and
      functional impairment of T-lymphocytes frequently occurred. Antiviral humoral
      antibodies were present more rarely in cancer patients than in the controls.
      However, type 12 markedly oncogenic anti-adenovirus antibody was frequently
      found. Using the immunofluorescent method, adeno- and herpesviruses were found in
      more than 50% of the patients' malignant tumour cells. Electron microscopically,
      in some cases adeno-, herpes- and type C virus particles, too, were isolated in
      the tumour cells. According to these results besides other factors also
      adenoviruses may play a role in urogenital tumours.

PMID- 4040691
TI  - Sexual behaviour in a centre for epilepsy.
AB  - The sexual behaviour and hormonal profiles in 97 patients with chronic epilepsy
      from an epilepsy centre were studied. Sexual behaviour relating to numbers of
      sexual contacts, orgasms, spontaneous erections, and early morning erections,
      whether there was difficulty in obtaining or maintaining an erection, or in
      ejaculation, was assessed at interview. Hormonal profiles consisted of LH, FSH,
      prolactin, total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG. Information was
      obtained relating to type of seizure, seizure frequency, age of onset, likely
      pathology, IQ, and medication. The study showed that this patient group was
      profoundly hyposexual and had a high level of sexual dysfunction. Serum free
      testosterone levels were low, and it is suggested that the high level of sexual
      dysfunction and lack of sexual interest may well have a hormonal basis. The
      reasons for this are discussed.

PMID- 4040692
TI  - X-linked bulbo-spinal neuronopathy of late onset.
AB  - Two cases of X-linked bulbo-spinal neuronopathy (BSN) of late onset are
      presented. An extensive review of the literature shows that, in addition to the
      signs of a chronic degeneration of brainstem and spinal neurons, other clinical
      features may also be present at the onset of the disease, or develop during its
      course. Some clinical, electrophysiological and anatomical data support the
      hypothesis that BSN is not purely a motoneuronopathy but also concerns sensory
      nerve.

PMID- 4040693
TI  - Hemangioblastomas with cystic stromal cell nuclei.
AB  - Clearing of stromal cell nuclei were found in two of a series of nine cases of
      hemangioblastoma. The contents of the clear zones were often positive for
      lipoprotein by immunoperoxidase staining which suggested that the contents
      originated from the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic invagination was not observed but is
      probable; some vacuoles had a "bubbly" appearance similar to the lipid-laden
      cytoplasm. The finding of these variations in two of nine cases suggests that
      cystic change in stromal cell nuclei may not be uncommon in hemangioblastomas.

PMID- 4040694
TI  - Alexander's disease.
AB  - This is the first pathologic report of an infant at 37 weeks' gestation with
      Alexander's disease. The findings demonstrate that the disease can arise in utero
      and be extensive at birth before myelination begins.

PMID- 4040695
TI  - Ultrastructure of cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Some new observations on the
      stromal cells.
AB  - Five cases of hemangioblastoma were studied by electron microscopy with
      particular attention to the stromal cells and their surrounding structures. Most
      of the stromal cells of the tumor had abundant clear cytoplasm containing rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, scattered fibrils, and large lipid
      inclusions. They were usually aggregated without intervening cells. In the
      perivascular areas, their surfaces facing the perivascular collagen were
      surrounded by basal lamina. Their apposed cell membranes had occasional adhesive
      devices. Occasional, long, apparently cylindrical processes of the stromal cell
      cytoplasm were observed in some cases. These processes contained intermediate
      filaments of undetermined nature and microtubules. In the border zone between the
      tumor and the surrounding brain, the stromal cells were occasionally surrounded
      by narrow sheets of dark cell processes containing fibrils and glycogen granules,
      consistent with astrocytic processes. Altered neuronal elements were also
      observed in this area.

PMID- 4040696
TI  - Electrocochleographic changes in the hearing loss associated with X-linked
      hypophosphataemic osteomalacia.
AB  - Transtympanic electrocochleography was carried out on 13 patients (21 ears)
      suffering from X-linked hypophosphataemic osteomalacia, and known to have
      cochlear hearing loss. The majority of ears exhibited a cochlear pattern of
      cochleogram with a recruiting input/output function and a markedly biphasic
      action potential. In addition 14 ears yielded a greatly enhanced negative
      summating potential, suggesting the presence of endolymphatic hydrops. It is
      proposed that the hearing loss so frequently associated with this condition is in
      part due to endolymphatic hydrops.

PMID- 4040697
TI  - Endotoxin in middle ear effusions tested with Limulus assay.
AB  - Endotoxin in middle ear effusion (MEE) from both children and adult patients with
      otitis media with effusion (OME) was assayed with the Limulus amoebocyte lysate
      test, in parallel with the detection of microorganisms. Whereas only 17% of MEE
      from adults, diluted 1:10 showed the presence of endotoxin, endotoxin was found
      in 69% of MEE from recent and recurrent cases in children, although
      microorganisms were isolated from only one-quarter of the samples. 83% of mucoid
      MEE from children contained endotoxin, compared with 41% of serous MEE. In older
      children, endotoxin was less frequently detected in accordance with the fact that
      the incidence of OME decreases with age. It is concluded that endotoxin may be
      one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of onset of, as well as in
      delayed recovery from OME in children.

PMID- 4040699
TI  - Effect of Uristop on primary nocturnal enuresis. A prospective randomized double
      blind study.
AB  - Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a very common problem in pediatric and child
      psychiatric practice. Many treatments have been tried, but none has proved
      entirely successful. Uristop, a commercially available alarm device based on a
      theory somewhat different from those used in the common alarm devices, was tried
      in a prospective randomized double-blind study. Of 134 enuretic children who were
      examined on an out-patient ward, 53 were selected for inclusion in this study on
      the basis of certain criteria. The children were randomized either in a treatment
      group with a functioning device, or in a control group with a non-functioning
      device. They used their devices for 6 weeks and were followed for an additional
      12 weeks. The sex, age, history of previous urinary tract infection (UTI) or
      treatment of PNE and a family history of PNE were compared between the groups and
      no statistical differences were found. In the control group, however, there was
      significantly more often a history of upsetting life events and previous child
      psychiatric contact. This difference was not considered as having any effect on
      the results. The results showed that the device had no effect on the study group
      as compared with the control group. However, both groups improved significantly
      as compared with the expected sponaneous cessation of bedwetting.

PMID- 4040700
TI  - [Effects of hematoporphyrin derivatives--photoirradiation on DNA and RNA
      synthesis in L1210 cells].

PMID- 4040698
TI  - Serum growth-promoting activity in human newborns. Relationship of thymidine
      activity with birth weight and the length of gestation.
AB  - Thymidine Activity (TA) was measured by the effect of serum upon incorporation of
      3H-thymidine into human lectin-activated lymphocytes in 54 newborns: 32 full
      term, 11 pre-term and 11 with intra-uterine growth retardation (IGR). Capillary
      blood was collected at 0-6 hours, with routine samplings. TA values were lower in
      preterm (0.476 +/- 0.079 U/ml) than in IGR (0.910 +/- 0.118 U/ml, p less than
      0.01) and in full-term neonates (1.237 +/- 0.60, p less than 0.001), and also in
      IGR newborns than in newborns of normal weight (p less than 0.025). In preterm
      neonates TA was significantly correlated with gestational age (r = 0.715, p less
      than 0.02), but no such correlation existed in IRG and full-term neonates. When
      TA values were plotted against birth weight, a correlation was found in preterm
      (r = 0.715, p less than 0.02) and in IGR newborns (r = 0.714, p less than 0.02),
      but not in full-term neonates. Longitudinal study up to 21 days did not show
      significant changes in full-term newborns, while in preterm and IGR neonates TA
      increased progressively to reach normal values at the 21st day. The correlations
      observed in newborns between TA, birth weight and gestational age, and the
      postnatal normalization in newborns with low birth weight, show that TA directly
      reflects the nutritional state of the fetus.

PMID- 4040701
TI  - [A case of occult testicular tumor].
AB  - A 43-year-old male presented with a left supraclavicular mass as well as an upper
      abdominal mass. Biopsy of the supraclavicular mass revealed seminoma with
      components of both embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma. Right orchiectomy was
      performed because physical examination showed that the left testis was normal but
      the right testis was slightly atrophic. The primary tumor which was approximately
      1 cm in diameter was found in the right testis and histological examination
      revealed seminoma. When germ cell tumor is found in a region other than the
      gonads, either primary extragonadal germ cell tumor or occult testicular tumor is
      considered. To differentiate between the two, it is imperative to make careful
      histological exploration of the testes.

PMID- 4040702
TI  - Postnatal decline in pyridoxal phosphate and riboflavin. Accentuation by
      phototherapy.
AB  - Riboflavin is a cofactor in the conversion of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to
      pyridoxal phosphate (PALP), an essential coenzyme in numerous metabolic pathways,
      including neurotransmitter synthesis. Riboflavin and pyridoxine are light
      sensitive in vitro, and conflicting results have been reported on the in vivo
      effects of phototherapy on riboflavin. We studied 25 full-term neonates receiving
      phototherapy and 16 healthy controls to evaluate their riboflavin and PALP
      status. Both vitamin cofactors decreased in both sets of infants, but
      significantly more so in the irradiated group. While the biologic or clinical
      importance of a modest biochemical decline in the level of PALP has not been
      established, it is possible that transient behavioral changes in irradiated,
      jaundiced neonates could be mediated by decreased availability of PALP. The
      mechanism for the postnatal decline and the desirability of routine
      supplementation with pyridoxine, especially in irradiated infants, require
      further study.

PMID- 4040703
TI  - Anencephaly in one monoamniotic-monochorionic twin and encephalocele in the
      other.
AB  - This is a report of monoamniotic-monochorionic (ie, probably MZ) twins, one of
      which had anencephaly, whereas the co-twin died of complications of prematurity.
      Autopsy in this seemingly nonmalformed twin showed a small encephalocele. The
      literature on MZ twins with discordant anencephaly is often contradictory. It is
      suggested that this might be due to the difficulty of determining zygosity on the
      one hand and identifying discordance or concordance on the other. This case is
      presented as an example of this difficulty; it is discordant with respect to
      anencephaly, but concordant in the sense of "dysraphic" disturbances.

PMID- 4040704
TI  - Linear skin atrophy, scarring alopecia, anonychia, and tongue lesion: a "new"
      syndrome?
AB  - One of a pair of female monozygotic twins showed skin atrophy with linear
      alternation of depressed scarlike areas and intervening ridges of normal or
      nearly normal skin. She was born with friable skin and a vesicular-bullous
      eruption which was followed by gradual scabbing. Hypohidrosis in the affected
      areas, heat intolerance, and febrile convulsions were noted in infancy and
      childhood. No new skin lesions developed, and the existing ones, the sweating
      disturbance, and the heat intolerance gradually improved with time. Scarring
      alopecia, congenital absence of three toenails, and a scarlike lesion of the
      tongue were also present. Their absence in the other twin supports the view that
      1) these manifestations all are part of the same syndrome, and 2) this syndrome
      is nongenetic. Histologically, there were no diagnostic or consistent findings,
      but the number of skin appendages was diminished, and the elastic fibers were
      reduced in number and size in one biopsy. The calculated probability for the
      twins being monozygotic was 0.9998. This family was also remarkable for the
      presence of alopecia areata in three successive generations with only one
      instance of apparent nonpenetrance. We conclude that this may represent a
      previously undescribed syndrome of congenital fragility of connective tissue
      which predisposed to damage of the elastica, possibly caused by an early
      inflammatory phase.

PMID- 4040705
TI  - A premutation that generates a defect at crossing over explains the inheritance
      of fragile X mental retardation.
AB  - The view that the Martin-Bell syndrome (X-linked mental retardation with fragile
      site at Xq27/8) is inherited in a regular X-linked fashion is becoming untenable
      with the increasing number of reports of transmission through phenotypically
      normal males. Analysis of the published pedigrees containing such males shows
      that their heterozygous daughters are never mentally retarded, and have either no
      fragile site or very few indeed. By contrast, in the next generation, a third of
      the female heterozygotes are mentally subnormal with an average of 29% fragile
      sites. These data suggest a premutation that generates the definitive mutation
      only when transmitted by a female. We propose an inherited sub-microscopic
      chromosome rearrangement involving the Xq27/8 region that causes no ill effect
      per se, but generates a significant genetic imbalance when involved in a
      recombination event with the other X chromosome. This hypothesis explains many of
      the puzzling genetic aspects of the Martin-Bell syndrome, but it also complicates
      the interpretation of linkage analysis with genetic markers.

PMID- 4040706
TI  - Second-look laparotomy after chemotherapy in the management of ovarian
      malignancy.
AB  - Eighty-eight patients with ovarian malignancy underwent second-look laparotomy as
      part of their plan of management at Indiana University Hospital. Thirty-five
      patients (39.8%) were found to have no gross or microscopic evidence of
      persistent neoplasm, and an additional 16 (18.2%) had only microscopic tumor.
      Patients with initial Stage III or IV disease were less likely to have negative
      findings at laparotomy than were patients with Stage I or II disease. A complete
      initial cytoreductive operation (residual disease = 0 cm) correlated positively
      with negative findings at laparotomy. Endometrioid histologic findings were
      associated with a favorable condition at the second look, but tumor grade was
      associated with superior survival only for patients with grade 0 disease. Eight
      of 30 patients (26.7%) with invasive carcinoma and negative findings at second
      look laparotomy have had tumor recurrence (2 to 63 months), and five of eight
      have died. Intraperitoneal chromic phosphorus salvage therapy for patients with
      microscopic disease was promising, with eight of 15 treated patients (53.3%)
      alive after therapy, with no evidence of disease from 16 to 56 months after the
      second look. Second-look laparotomy has been the major determinant of continued
      or alternative therapy for patients with ovarian malignancy. Second-look
      laparotomy has been incorporated into the standard management plan without a
      formal clinical trial. The need for a second look may be reduced by identifying
      patients who do not benefit from the procedure. Patients with persistent disease
      confirmed by noninvasive means can continue therapy without laparotomy. There is
      also a subgroup of patients with a favorable prognosis whose therapy could be
      safely discontinued without laparotomy.

PMID- 4040708
TI  - International symposium on vulvovaginal mycoses. June 1-3, 1984, Fort Lauderdale,
      Florida.

PMID- 4040707
TI  - Long-term risk of menstrual disturbances after tubal sterilization.
AB  - We analyzed data from the Walnut Creek Contraceptive Drug Study to compare the
      menstrual characteristics of 719 women who had tubal sterilizations and 1083
      women whose partners had undergone a vasectomy. Study participants were enrolled
      from 1968 to 1972 and followed up through 1976. The tubal sterilization group had
      slightly increased, though in most instances not statistically significant, risks
      of moderate to severe menstrual cramps and adverse menstrual bleeding. At follow
      up intervals longer than 2 years, the tubal sterilization group had significantly
      increased risks of abnormal menstrual cycles and combinations of two or more
      adverse menstrual outcomes. Tubal sterilization was not associated with an
      increased risk of premenstrual symptoms. These findings suggest that the types of
      tubal sterilization procedures which were performed during the early 1970s
      possibly carry some increased risk of menstrual disturbances, particularly
      abnormal cycles, and that it may take more than 2 years for the increased risk to
      become apparent.

PMID- 4040710
TI  - Incisions of the pregnant uterus and delivery of low-birth weight infants.
AB  - This paper calls attention to rapidly increased use of vertical uterine incision
      and future consequences: impaired uterus, uterine rupture, and iatrogenic
      premature delivery. In addition, by making a vertical uterine incision we are not
      gaining much in the size of uterine entrance since the size of the vertical
      uterine incision is determined by uterine tonus. Most often the uterus is opened
      by tearing the lower uterine segment transversely with the fingers. Unfortunately
      this creates the smallest entrance to the uterus because of the uterine
      structure, shape, and elasticity and could lead to parametrial vein and uterine
      vessel injury. An alternative to this type of incision is the durable upward
      curved transverse incision over the supportive lower uterine segment. This
      technique gives us the biggest entrance to the uterus, without serious side
      effects, and ensures safe future pregnancies.

PMID- 4040709
TI  - Repeated candidiasis: reinfection or recrudescence? A review.
AB  - Candida vulvovaginitis is one of the most common infections encountered by
      obstetricians and gynecologists from all parts of the world. The modern treatment
      of vaginal candidiasis with imidazole antimycotics such as clotrimazole has been
      shown to be highly effective. However, there is a small group of women who
      experience repeated episodes of vaginal candidiasis. This article reviews
      possible predisposing factors related to recurrent vaginal candidiasis.

PMID- 4040711
TI  - The repeatable artifact--a reality of science.

PMID- 4040712
TI  - Solomon's mothers: a special case of pathological bereavement.
AB  - Giving up a child for adoption presents a serious emotional and psychological
      challenge for the mother. Using the components of normal grieving, this paper
      illustrates the ways in which the bereavement process was distorted and delayed
      in 22 women seen in psychotherapy who had earlier given up a child.
      Recommendations are offered for facilitating a healthy mourning process in the
      relinquishing mother.

PMID- 4040713
TI  - Gender and symptom sensitivity: report on a Philippine study.
AB  - Various adverse body states were designated as most frequent symptoms of illness
      a significantly greater number of times by female university students in the
      Philippines than by male students responding to a questionnaire. These findings,
      consistent with greater utilization of medical practitioners by Filipino women
      than men, are linked to socialization for women's roles.

PMID- 4040714
TI  - Diurnal changes in thermoregulatory behavior in rats with medial preoptic
      lesions.
AB  - Rats with medial preoptic area (MPOA) damage lack adequate autonomic
      thermoregulatory reflexes but can behaviorally regulate their body temperatures
      (Tb) in the cold and heat. We examined the performance of such rats on 90-min
      behavioral thermoregulatory tests. Tests were conducted during the day and night
      to determine the preferred Tb at different phases of the circadian Tb rhythm. The
      amplitude of this rhythm was exaggerated after electrolytic MPOA lesions;
      differences of 3-4 degrees C between daily peaks and troughs were seen (from 37
      degrees C during day to 40-41 degrees C at night) compared with control
      variations of only 1.5-2.0 degrees C (from 36.0-36.5 degrees C during day to 38
      degrees C at night). When escaping cold during the day or night or when escaping
      heat at night, both MPOA-damaged and control rats maintained Tb within +/- 0.5
      degrees C of initial values. When escaping heat during the day, control and MPOA
      damaged rats allowed their TbS at the end of the 90-min behavioral tests to rise
      to normal night levels (38 degrees C for controls and 40-41 degrees C for MPOA
      rats). These results demonstrate that rats with MPOA damage behaviorally defend
      the different phases of their exaggerated Tb rhythm in a manner similar to that
      of controls. Therefore the exaggerated swings in Tb seen in these preparations
      have an active regulated component and are not simply passive results of an
      excessive rhythm in heat production or heat conservation.

PMID- 4040715
TI  - Light effects on circadian timing system of a diurnal primate, the squirrel
      monkey.
AB  - We examined light effects on the circadian timing system of the squirrel monkey.
      A phase-response curve to 1-h pulses of light was constructed for the drinking
      rhythm of six animals. The phase-response curve was the same type as that
      exhibited by nocturnal rodents, with phase delays occurring early in the
      subjective night and phase advances late in the subjective night. The range of
      entrainment of 10 monkeys to days with 1 h light and x h dark was determined.
      Five monkeys used to generate the phase-response curve were also used in the
      range of entrainment determination. For short light-dark cycles the range of
      entrainment was smaller than that expected, with no monkey entraining to a day
      length of less than 23.5 h.

PMID- 4040716
TI  - Nutritional status of men attending a soup kitchen: a pilot study.
AB  - Nutritional status and socioeconomic characteristics of 49 men attending a soup
      kitchen in a residential neighborhood of Birmingham, Alabama were determined by
      interview, anthropometry and laboratory assays. Laboratory or anthropometric
      evidence of nutrient deficiency was present in 94 per cent of the subjects.
      Deficiency of ascorbate (63 per cent), folate (35 per cent), and thiamin (29 per
      cent) was higher in these men than in either patients or presumably healthy
      adults. Since soup kitchen meals provided insufficient vitamin C and folate,
      additional sources of these nutrients should be provided.

PMID- 4040717
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis in Venezuelan children with acute diarrhea.
AB  - Thirteen of 120 Venezuelan children with acute diarrhea were found to be
      excreting Cryptosporidium oocysts in their stools. This confirms that
      Cryptosporidium can infect immunocompetent children, and the relatively high
      frequency found suggests that this protozoan may be an important cause of
      diarrhea in Venezuela.

PMID- 4040718
TI  - The need for research in the community hospital.

PMID- 4040719
TI  - Adaptation of the dye-binding protein assay to microtiter plates.
AB  - The dye-binding protein assay has been adapted for use with microtiter plates and
      a plate reader. The total volume of the assay was reduced to 0.2 ml, with equal
      volumes of sample and diluted dye reagent being used. Because of the small
      volume, the assay is conservative of both protein sample and reagent. The use of
      microtiter plates allows the absorbance of samples to be read using a plate
      reader, markedly reducing the time needed for evaluating sample absorbances. This
      assay is quite sensitive, with a limit of less than 0.5 micrograms bovine serum
      albumin. In addition, the assay has been calibrated with homogeneous nitrate
      reductase. The response of nitrate reductase in the assay is about 70% of that of
      the standard protein, bovine serum albumin. The response of several other
      proteins was evaluated and the differences in response are discussed.

PMID- 4040720
TI  - Main systolic blood flow patterns in the left and right ventricular outflow
      tracts determined by Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - The main blood flow velocity patterns in the LVOT and RVOT were recorded by
      pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 28 normal healthy cases, in two athletes, and
      in 85 patients with atrial septal defects, pulmonary regurgitation, tetralogy of
      Fallot, aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, aortic stenosis, mitral
      regurgitation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, and pulmonary
      hypertension. Blood flow velocities were displayed using a graphic system to form
      a real time sonogram, using Fast Fourier Transformation. In the normal group, the
      blood flow velocity was 1.69 KHz in LVOT, and 1.71 KHz in RVOT. In AR and T/F but
      not MS, there was high blood flow velocity in the LVOT, and the peak of blood
      flow velocity was shifted to mid-to late systole. In ASD and VSD with a L-R
      shunt, high blood flow velocity occurred in the RVOT, and the peak velocity
      shifted to early systole. Pulmonary hypertension occasionally produced a W- or V
      shaped curve. In normal subjects, a small "a" wave could be detected in the LVOT
      recording. The "a" wave began at point B on the AML tracer of the M-mode
      echocardiography, reached maximum velocity at point C, and returned to zero
      (baseline) at point C'. The "a" wave was coincident with the R wave of the ECG,
      and with the Ia of the phonocardiogram (PCG). The normal velocity of the "a" wave
      was 602 Hz, and the a/H ratio was 0.36. In cases of HCM and IHD, the "a" wave
      velocity and the a/H ratio correlated with the end diastolic pressure and the
      peak dP/dT. These data suggest that the Doppler blood flow patterns in the LVOT
      and RVOT can indicate volume overload in the right and left ventricles, and that
      the "a" wave velocity and a/H ratio can provide new information concerning
      cardiac performance.

PMID- 4040721
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of intravenous PGE1 on patients with arterial occlusive
      disease of the leg.
AB  - In 42 patients with arterial occlusive disease of the leg, the hemodynamic
      effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) given intravenously were studied. Blood
      pressure of the leg and crest time of the pulse wave did not change
      significantly, while increases in blood flow at the calf and foot, amplitude of
      the pulse wave, velocity, and skin temperature at the foot and toes were
      significant. Skin temperature of the calf dropped significantly. The increase in
      blood flow, velocity, and skin temperature was significantly more dominant in the
      distal part of the leg than that in the proximal part. In separate observation of
      individuals, 12 of the 66 legs with arterial occlusive disease (18%) showed a
      decrease in skin temperature at the toes. The steal phenomenon was observed most
      frequently in limbs with rest pain, gangrene, or both.

PMID- 4040722
TI  - Ultrastructure of cellular changes in the replication of the alcelaphine
      herpesvirus-1 of malignant catarrhal fever.
AB  - Cell cultures inoculated with 5 different viral isolates from 4 species of
      ruminants with clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever (from the San Diego
      Wild Animal Park) were examined by electron microscopy. Each had the morphology
      of a herpesvirus (118 to 220 nm) and was icosahedral, and the nucleocapsid
      matured in the nucleus of the infected cell. Envelopment of budding occurred with
      each viral isolate at the nuclear and the plasma membranes. The virions egressed
      from the cell by budding from the plasma membrane or through channels of the
      Golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum. A proposed scheme for the
      morphogenesis of the herpesvirus of malignant catarrhal fever is presented.

PMID- 4040723
TI  - Fatal pancarditis in a patient with coexistent Lyme disease and babesiosis.
      Demonstration of spirochetes in the myocardium.
AB  - A 66-year-old man developed fever, chills, myalgias, three erythematous skin
      lesions, and transient left eyelid lag. Because of persistent fever, he was
      hospitalized 4 weeks after the onset of disease; a peripheral blood smear showed
      Babesia microti in 3% of his erythrocytes. Eighteen hours later, he died
      unexpectedly. Autopsy showed pancarditis with a diffuse lymphoplasmacytic
      infiltrate, and spirochetes were found in the myocardium. Antibody titers to both
      the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti were
      elevated. The finding of spirochetes in the myocardium and the elevated antibody
      titers to Borrelia burgdorferi suggest that the patient died from cardiac
      involvement of Lyme disease.

PMID- 4040724
TI  - FAB M7: acute megakaryoblastic leukemia--beyond morphology.

PMID- 4040725
TI  - Ketoconazole and resistant Blastocystis hominis infection.

PMID- 4040726
TI  - Size of the mastoid air cells and otitis media.
AB  - Repetitive tympanometric screenings were performed in 79 randomized, otherwise
      healthy children from 2 to 7 years old. A total of nine screenings, of which
      three included otomicroscopy, were performed. When the children were 7 years of
      age, radiographs were made of their mastoid processes in Runstrom's lateral
      projection. The median size of the cell system was 8.25 cm2. The cell systems
      were significantly larger (9 cm2) in girls than in boys (7.5 cm2). A significant
      correlation was found between the size of the cell system and the duration of
      secretory otitis media; thus, the smallest air cell systems occurred in the
      children with the longest episodes of secretory otitis, and the largest cell
      systems in children with no history of secretory otitis. Eardrum changes occurred
      at the ages of 5, 6, and 7 years in 21%, 32%, and 25% of the children,
      respectively. Children in whom the same eardrum changes were present at all three
      examinations had significantly smaller cell systems than those with either no
      changes or changes only at a few of the examinations. No differences in extent of
      pneumatization were found, regardless of whether the children had had episodes of
      acute otitis, had been treated for secretory otitis, or had had neither. In our
      opinion, this study supports the theory that hypocellularity is a sequela of
      secretory otitis rather than a cause of the disease.

PMID- 4040727
TI  - Bacterial and polymorphonuclear leukocyte contribution to middle ear inflammation
      in chronic otitis media with effusion.
AB  - Bacteria can be cultured from approximately one third of chronic middle ear
      effusions, yet the contribution of these bacteria to the pathogenesis of chronic
      otitis media with effusion (OME) is not clear due to the absence of signs and
      symptoms of acute infection in most children with this disease. To explore the
      role of bacteria in chronic OME, lysozyme, lactoferrin, serum complement factors
      C3 and C5a, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) chemotaxin content was
      measured in 21 chronic middle ear effusion samples. Concentrations of lysozyme,
      lactoferrin, and chemotaxin were significantly higher in culture-positive than in
      sterile effusions. Lysozyme appeared to be contributed by both PMNL and non-PMNL
      sources in the middle ear space. These non-PMNL sources, presumably middle ear
      epithelial cells, accounted for 50% to 80% of the lysozyme variation in middle
      ear effusion. Although C3 and C5a were present in effusion, chemotaxin content
      correlated poorly with the C3 and C5a content, suggesting that chemotaxins were
      derived from bacterial peptides rather than from complement activation products.
      These results suggest that bacteria contribute to chronic middle ear inflammation
      with effusion. The eradication of bacteria from chronic middle ear effusion might
      disrupt the host responses which maintain chronic OME.

PMID- 4040729
TI  - [Prostatic osteocondensing metastases. The value of examining for osteomalacia].
AB  - Bone pains observed in patients undergoing estrogen therapy, and presenting with
      osteoblastic metastases from prostatic cancer are usually related to unsuccessful
      treatment. In some patients, these pains may result from osteomalacia--ie
      incomplete mineralization of the new bone--because of the drainage of calcium by
      the osteoblastic metastases. A clinical, biological and histomorphometric study
      of bone specimens without decalcification was conducted in ten patients with
      osteoblastic disease secondary to prostatic carcinoma, who were under estrogen
      therapy, and for whom a change of therapy was contemplated. The study reports
      three cases of osteomalacia. Their bone pains were more intense, more diffuse and
      more permanent than those registered by patients without osteomalacia. All three
      had had previous fractures of the neck of the femur and a low urinary and serum
      calcium and phosphorus content. The discovery of osteomalacia by
      histomorphometric study is important because it allows effective, etiological
      treatment of the bone pains in these patients.

PMID- 4040728
TI  - Hydrolase activity in acute otitis media with effusion.
AB  - Biochemical studies of middle ear effusions (MEE) from patients with chronic or
      recurrent otitis media with effusion (OME) have demonstrated the presence of
      significant levels of certain hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. We have examined
      MEE from patients with acute OME for the content of a number of lysosomal
      hydrolases and find no significant differences in the mean values for acid
      phosphatase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase,
      hexosaminidase, and neuraminidase between purulent and serous effusions. In every
      case, the mean activities of these enzymes were greater in culture-positive than
      in culture-negative effusions although this difference was significant only in
      the case of neuraminidase. Neuraminidase activity was detected in 78% of those
      MEEs from which Streptococcus pneumoniae could be cultured and in only 32% to 64%
      of all other effusions. No correlation was observed between the level of
      neuraminidase released into the extracellular growth medium and the infectivity
      of various strains of S pneumoniae.

PMID- 4040730
TI  - [Systemic cisplatin-based chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced bladder
      cancer].
AB  - Twenty one patients with advanced bladder cancer (metastases and/or loco-regional
      recurrences) were treated by cisplatin-based chemotherapy (cisplatin, adriamycin,
      cyclo-phosphamide (8 patients), cisplatin, methotrexate (8 patients) and
      cisplatin and radiotherapy (5 patients). The results with pure chemotherapy were,
      on the whole, disappointing, with a remission rate of 25% and a response rate of
      50%. Only the combination of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy gave
      spectacular results with 50% complete response, but even then at the price of a
      high morbidity rate.

PMID- 4040731
TI  - Amnesia in monkeys after lesions of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus.
AB  - Recent successes in developing an animal model of human amnesia in the monkey
      have made it feasible to try to identify with certainty the specific structures
      in the diencephalon and medial temporal region that cause amnesia when damaged.
      Monkeys with small lesions restricted largely to the posterior portion of the
      mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus were given a test of memory sensitive to
      human amnesia and a second test that is analogous to the skill-based tasks
      performed normally by amnesic patients. The monkeys exhibited a marked impairment
      on the first test and performed normally on the second. The results show that
      circumscribed lesions of the mediodorsal nucleus can cause substantial amnesia.

PMID- 4040732
TI  - Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in acini from lactating rat mammary tissue:
      subcellular locale, characterization, and solubilization.
AB  - Acini isolated from lactating rat mammary tissue were used as the starting
      material to determine the subcellular location and characteristics of a calcium
      and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. The kinase activity phosphorylated a
      53,600-Da endogenous protein, required Mg2+, and was stimulated only by the
      simultaneous presence of calcium and calmodulin. Fractionation by differential
      and sucrose gradient centrifugation demonstrated the enzyme activity in acinar
      homogenates to be largely particulate; yet the activity did not co-fractionate
      with markers for nuclei, secretory vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria,
      lysozymes, Golgi or plasma membranes. The addition of dephosphorylated K-casein
      to these preparations resulted in a calcium and calmodulin-dependent
      phosphorylation of the exogenous substrate. A combination of differential
      centrifugation and equilibrium sucrose density gradient centrifugation purified
      the kinase 15-fold and revealed a density for the kinase activity between 1.33
      and 1.27 g/cm3, suggesting that the kinase was associated with a particle
      composed largely or entirely of protein. Gel chromatography on Sephacryl S-1000
      also purified the activity significantly, and provided a molecular weight of
      approximately 10(6). In both procedures, the enzymatic activity and principal
      endogenous protein substrate were enriched indicating that the kinase was
      associated with the 53,600-Da substrate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel
      electrophoresis of the fractions enriched in kinase activity by either gel
      exclusion chromatography or equilibrium density gradient centrifugation revealed
      a discrete set of proteins common to both preparations. These included proteins
      with molecular weights of approximately 32, 35, 54, 70, 94, 100 and 103 K. The
      calmodulin-dependent protein kinase of mammary acini may be associated in a large
      complex with these protein species or may represent a polymer of one or several
      of the proteins. Despite no apparent association with the common phospholipid
      membranous organelles, the kinase activity was solubilized by treatment with a
      mixture of phospholipases C and D. After phospholipase treatment and
      chromatography on Sephacryl S-1000, calcium and calmodulin-dependent
      phosphorylation was no longer detectable, indicating separation of enzyme and
      endogenous substrate. Phospholipase treatment of the kinase preparation may be
      useful in future studies as a method to solubilize the activity.

PMID- 4040733
TI  - Ca2+-dependent inhibition of smooth muscle adenylate cyclase activity.
AB  - We have examined the inhibitory regulation by Ca2+ of the adenylate cyclase
      activity associated with microsomes isolated from bovine aorta smooth muscle. In
      the presence of 2 mM MgCl2, Ca2+ (0.8-100 microM) inhibited in a noncompetitive
      manner activation of the enzyme by GTP, Gpp[NH]p, or forskolin. In all instances
      the value for half-maximal inhibition was between 2 and 3 microM. In contrast,
      Ca2+ inhibited the activation by MgCl2 (2-50 mM), alone or in the presence of
      GTP, in a competitive manner. The inhibition of adenylate cyclase by 10 microM
      Ca2+ was reversed in the presence of either 5 or 25 microM calmodulin or troponin
      C. These data show that (i) Ca2+, at concentrations similar to those which
      activate smooth muscle contraction, inhibits the stimulation of adenylate cyclase
      by several activators; (ii) Ca2+ and Mg2+ compete for a common site on the smooth
      muscle adenylate cyclase complex; and (iii) the reversal of Ca2+-dependent
      inhibition by Ca2+-binding proteins may be produced by chelation of the metal by
      these proteins.

PMID- 4040734
TI  - [In vitro chemosensitivity of urological malignancies evaluated by colony-forming
      assay using soft agar].
AB  - Over the past year, we have attempted to grow 132 different human tumor samples
      (78 from urological and 54 from non urological tumors) using a soft agar colony
      formation assay similar to that originally described by Salmon and colleagues.
      Formation of colonies in vitro occurred in 44 of 78 primary urological tumors
      (56%), including 63% (12/19) of renal cancers, 61% (25/41) of uroepithelial
      cancers and 42% (5/12) of testicular cancers. The effects of in vitro
      chemosensitivity were analysed using the inhibition of colony growth (more than
      70%) at two different cut-off doses which were equilibrated with the achievable
      AUC doses for the higher cut-off point and to one-tenth of AUC for the lower cut
      off point. Five of 13 (38%) drugs showed an effective rate between 10% and 38%
      for the lower cut-off point in vitro. On the other hand, eleven of 13 (85%)
      drugs. Showed an effective rate between 20% and 67% for the higher cut-off point
      in vitro. In the tested uroepithelial cancers, none of seven for the lower cut
      off and three of seven for the higher cut-off were demonstrated to be sensitive
      cases from the dose corresponding colony inhibition curve for cisplatinum. Nine
      of the renal cancers were demonstrated for the dose corresponding colony
      inhibition curve for Interferon. To predict clinical correlation, 16 patients (20
      drugs) were treated with identical drugs which were estimated from in vitro
      chemosensitivity testing. The predictability results were 75%-100% true positive
      and 85%-100% true negative, with 87% overall predictability. This assay can
      therefore be used to study differences of biological character including drug
      sensitivity.

PMID- 4040735
TI  - [The significance of reinduction chemotherapy with adriamycin for relapsed non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring].
AB  - Of those patients with localized (CS I-II) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's
      ring who were treated with radiotherapy or radiotherapy plus chemotherapy and who
      suffered relapses at the National Cancer Center Hospital over the past 22 years,
      24 cases were analyzed on the basis of their response rate and duration of
      remission with reinduction chemotherapy, and survival time after recurrence. The
      group [ADM (+)], treated with regimens including adriamycin, was compared with
      the group [ADM (-)] treated with regimens excluding adriamycin. Complete response
      was seen in 9 out of 11 cases (81.8%) and in 8 out of 13 cases (61.5%) for the
      ADM (+) group and the ADM (-) group, respectively (p greater than 0.1). The
      period of complete response of the ADM (+) and ADM (-) groups was compared using
      the logrank method. The prognosis of the former was significantly (p less than
      0.01) better than that of the latter and the median duration of remission was 30
      months and 7 months, respectively. When the survival after recurrence of the ADM
      (+) and ADM (-) groups was compared, the median survival time was 38 months for
      the ADM (+) group and 12 months for the ADM (-) group, but no significant
      difference was observed between the two groups (0.05 less than p less than 0.1).

PMID- 4040736
TI  - [Intra-aortic PGE1 infusion combined with anti-malignant chemotherapy in the
      treatment of advanced neuroblastoma].
AB  - Neuroblastoma is one of the malignant childhood tumors which have a dismal
      prognosis, but is known to occasionally mature into benign histology
      spontaneously. Two cases with either stage III or IV neuroblastoma, whose tumors
      had not been extirpated at the initial operation, were treated by intra-aortic
      PGE1 infusion combined with oral papaverine and conventional anti-malignant
      chemotherapy. This therapeutic modality was effective in one case, where the
      tumor decreased in size and was removed in a second exploratory operation. The
      histology of the extirpated tumor was benign ganglioneuroma. In this case,
      however, distant bone metastases were found after the second operation. The role
      of PGE1 in the mechanism of bone metastasis remains to be determined.

PMID- 4040737
TI  - Cryptosporidium and diarrhoea.

PMID- 4040738
TI  - Opioid agonist and antagonist properties of diastereoisomeric N
      tetrahydronoroxymorphones in mice.
AB  - Opioid agonist and antagonist properties of diastereoisomeric N
      Tetrahydrofurfurylnoroxymorphones, Mr 2096 and Mr 2097 were examined in mice
      using the hot plate and tail flick tests and on acute dependence. Subcutaneous
      administrations of Mr 2096, the agonist diastereoisomer and Mr 2097, the
      antagonist diastereoisomer respectively produced analgesia and hyperalgesia in
      these tests, confirming the involvement of stereoselective opioid receptors in
      the regulation of thermonociception. Intracerebroventricular injection of Mr 2096
      prolonged the tail flick latency, but that of Mr 2097 was without effect. The
      analgesic effect of Mr 2096 might be due to mimicking the descending inhibition
      of nociception and suppression of nociceptive reflexes at the level of spinal
      cord. The absence of hyperalgesia in the tail flick test following the central
      administration of Mr 2097 might arise from a rapid fall in concentration at
      relevant receptor sites and/or absence of a significant effect on the spinal
      reflex. In mice acutely dependent on morphine, Mr 2096 did not precipitate
      withdrawal. Mr 2097 behaved as an antagonist, precipitating withdrawal. These
      experiments indicate that stereoselective opioid receptors are involved in acute
      withdrawal syndrome. This study further confirms the importance of the steric
      properties of N-substituted moieties in Tetrahydrofurfurylnoroxymorphones.

PMID- 4040739
TI  - Influence of an inhibition of thromboxane synthetase by imidazole on kidney
      function in rats during postnatal development.
AB  - Imidazole, an inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase, reduced the renal excretion of
      sodium in saline loaded rats. Urine volume was also reduced, whereas the renal
      excretion of potassium and osmotically active substances was less influenced
      following imidazole administration. There was also a distinct effect of imidazole
      (0.5, 5, 10 mg/100 g b.wt. i.p., respectively) on renal excretion of p
      aminohippurate. These effects are demonstrable if the urine collecting period
      begins 10 or 60 min after imidazole administration, but not after a longer time
      interval (120 min). Both renal excretion of sodium and p-aminohippurate were more
      diminished in adult rats compared with young animals. The renal effects observed
      following administration of an inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase are quite
      similar to effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and naproxen.

PMID- 4040740
TI  - Ketoconazole-induced increase in estradiol-testosterone ratio. Probable
      explanation for gynecomastia.
AB  - Ketoconazole, an antifungal drug, causes gynecomastia in some patients. It also
      inhibits androgen and glucocorticoid synthesis. In four volunteer male subjects,
      600-mg doses of ketoconazole depressed serum testosterone concentrations
      markedly, but serum estradiol to a much lesser degree. The bound and free
      percentages of both hormones were not significantly altered. The net result was a
      significant elevation of the estradiol-testosterone ratio, expressed as either
      total circulating hormone or free hormone. In five male patients receiving long
      term high-dose ketoconazole therapy, the testosterone concentrations fell, but
      the effect on estradiol was variable. In these patients the estradiol
      testosterone ratio was persistently increased. Since gynecomastia appears to be
      the result of an elevated estradiol-testosterone ratio, the selective hormonal
      effect demonstrated may explain the side effect of gynecomastia after
      ketoconazole therapy.

PMID- 4040741
TI  - [Age and changes in the structure of the walls of the intrinsic arteries of the
      uterus].
AB  - By means of common histological, histochemical and morphometrical methods age
      changes in the cushion-like intimal protrusions of the intraorganic arteries have
      been studied in 176 uteri of women at all ages that died from trauma and other
      diseases which do not produce any changes in the uterus. Beginning from two years
      of age, in the uterus segmentary artery wall certain intimal thickenings are
      revealed; at this age they consist of immature fibrillar and cellular elements of
      the connective tissue and single myocytes. At the pubertal age an intensive
      development of the cushion-like protrusions is observed. The amount of myocytes
      in them increases at the expense of migration from muscular tunic of the vessel;
      they arrange chaotically. Then the structure of the elastic and collagenous
      carcass of the protrusions becomes more complex, the myocytes in them are
      oriented along the course of the artery, or along the sloping spiral. During
      adolescence and mature age, cyclic changes in the wall structure of the uterus
      intraorganic arteries are observed, depending on the phase of the menstrual
      cycle. During the second part of the proliferative phase, certain retruction of
      the protrusions is observed, and at the end of the secretion phase--maximal
      increase in their height. The intimal protrusions are specialized structures,
      playing an important role in ensuring an optimal blood circulation in the uterus
      during ovulation and in performing menstruation. Reverse development of these
      structures takes place in elderly and old age.

PMID- 4040742
TI  - Panfunduscope lens for laser photocoagulation in gas-filled pseudophakic or
      aphakic eyes.

PMID- 4040743
TI  - Serous retinal detachments in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Serous retinal detachments are a rare ocular complication of thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), with only six previous case reports in the
      literature. We have recently observed two patients with relapsing TTP who
      developed bilateral serous retinal detachments during acute exacerbations of
      their disease. In contrast to all but one of the previously described patients,
      both of our patients survived the episode during which retinal detachments
      occurred. Hypertension appears to contribute to the development of retinal
      detachments in TTP, and vigorous efforts at blood pressure control are indicated.
      Serous retinal detachments may be a more frequent component of chronic relapsing
      TTP than has been suspected.

PMID- 4040744
TI  - The role of allergy in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion.
AB  - To explain an allergic basis for the development of otitis media with effusion
      (OME), it was suggested that the middle ear mucosa can act as an allergic "shock
      organ." To evaluate this possibility, 16 juvenile rhesus monkeys were passively
      sensitized to pollen by intravenous injection of allergic human serum. All ears
      were then challenged by insufflation of pollen via the nose and eustachian tube
      (ET), twice daily, for four to five days. Daily tympanometry and otomicroscopy
      were performed, and on the last day of challenge, tympanocentesis was done to
      recover effusions. Five animals were killed and the middle ears were processed
      for histologic study. The results showed that none of the ears developed a middle
      ear effusion or OME. It is concluded that middle ear challenge with an
      appropriate pollen antigen in passively sensitized rhesus monkeys does not
      initiate an inflammatory reaction in the middle ear or induce OME.

PMID- 4040745
TI  - Successful in vitro growth of human head and neck cancer after transplantation in
      nude mice.
AB  - Head and neck tumours from 14 different lines growing in athymic nude mice were
      cultured in a soft agar cloning assay. Eleven lines (79%) demonstrated growth
      with more than 100 colonies per 3 X 10(5) cells plated. These results are much
      more favourable than those obtained with head and neck tumours taken directly
      from the patient. It is suggested that the combination of the athymic nude mouse
      xenograft model with the clonogenic assay could serve as a new screening model
      for chemotherapeutic agents against head and neck cancer.

PMID- 4040746
TI  - Evaluation of paste formulations of fenbendazole plus piperazine against
      benzimidazole-resistant cyathostomes in horses.

PMID- 4040747
TI  - Stress and accidents.
AB  - Three types of stress are described: environmental stress, acute reactive stress,
      and domestic or life stress. Each of these is discussed and the evidence relating
      the stress to accidents is evaluated. This evidence is drawn from laboratory
      experiments, surveys, and accident and incident reports. It is concluded that
      there is good reason to link some forms of stress with accidents; possible
      ameliorative measures are suggested.

PMID- 4040748
TI  - Fitting heredity-environment models jointly to twin and adoption data from the
      California Psychological Inventory.

PMID- 4040749
TI  - [The dynamics of behavioral changes in mice induced by social isolation].
AB  - Various behavioural patterns such as spontaneous locomotion, open-field behaviour
      and aggressivity undergo typical changes in socially isolated mice. Each of them
      shows a specific course depending on the duration of isolation. Differences in
      time courses and quantitative changes demonstrate that not only a general
      mechanism such as decreased arousal threshold is responsible for the complex
      alterations. It seems that many different mechanisms in the CNS underly the
      isolation syndrome, but the functional connections between the different
      alterations are unknown.

PMID- 4040750
TI  - Synergism of vitamins A and C on fibrinolysis.
AB  - A hitherto unknown synergism exerted by retinol (vitamin A) and L-ascorbic acid
      (vitamin C) was discovered using endothelial cells. Retinol stimulated the
      extracellular and intracellular activities of plasminogen activator up to
      approximately 8- and 4-fold from the control values, respectively. L-Ascorbic
      acid enhanced the extracellular and intracellular activities up to approximately
      1.5-fold. Above all it was demonstrated that their effects on extracellular
      activity were synergistic; simultaneous administration of these two vitamins
      enhanced the extracellular activity up to a 20- to 50-fold. Synthesis of
      plasminogen activator induced with vitamins A and C was inhibited by a protein
      synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide.

PMID- 4040751
TI  - The influence of a new compound, PATP, on glucose transport in the isolated fat
      cell.
AB  - A newly synthesized compound, N-(4-pyridylcarbonyl amino) 1, 2, 3, 6
      tetrahydropyridine (PATP) was earlier found to elevate the blood glucose level in
      rats. This suggested that the compound might be accomplishing this by blocking
      glucose transport into tissue cells. This hypothesis has now been examined in the
      isolated fat cell system using a modification of the method to improve the
      accuracy of measurements made. This study indicated that PATP is a competitive
      inhibitor of glucose transport and metabolism (KI = 0.89 mM) but could not
      unequivocally prove that the effect was on transporter action alone. That the
      compounds action was at this level, however was shown by its ability to inhibit
      the uptake of the transported but non-metabolized sugar, 3-0-methyl glucose (KI =
      3 mM). PATP is a nonphenolic inhibitor of glucose transport unrelated in
      structure to the sugar or to another more potent inhibitor, phloretin.

PMID- 4040752
TI  - A role for somatomedin C as a differentiating hormone and amplifier of hormone
      action on ovarian cells: studies with synthetically pure human somatomedin C and
      swine granulosa cells.
AB  - Isolated swine granulosa cells incubated in chemically defined medium in vitro
      responded to synthetically pure human somatomedin C/IGF-I in a dose and time
      dependent fashion with increased pregnenolone, progesterone and estradiol
      biosynthesis. These stimulatory actions were not mimicked by growth hormone,
      proinsulin, desoctapeptide insulin, epidermal growth factor, or fibroblast growth
      factor. Moreover, somatomedin C/IGF-I augmented the steroidogenic response of
      granulosa cells to exogenously supplied sterol substrate in the form of low
      density lipoprotein, and amplified the stimulatory actions of the classical
      ovarian effector hormones, estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone, in a
      synergistic fashion. The ability of somatomedin C/IGF-I to stimulate estradiol
      production on the one hand, and to act synergistically with estradiol to
      stimulate progesterone biosynthesis on the other hand, suggests a unique
      intrafollicular mechanism for amplifying progestin biosynthetic capacity in
      granulosa cells.

PMID- 4040753
TI  - Microinjection of macromolecules into leukemic cells by cell fusion technique:
      search for intracellular growth-suppressive factors.
AB  - To investigate the intracellular molecular events during leukemic cell
      proliferation, we have examined the method of ghost-mediated microinjection of
      macromolecules into leukemic cell line cells (HL-60). Samples were packed into
      red cell ghosts. Microinjection was performed by the fusion of ghosts and HL-60
      cells using the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ). Fusion rate was about 80
      90%, when determined by the injection of FITC-labeled globulins (IgG) or
      diphtheria toxin fragment A into HL-60 cells. When the nuclear protein extract
      from normal granulocytes was injected into HL-60 cells, their growth was
      significantly suppressed. The injection of the nuclear protein extract from HL-60
      itself into HL-60 cells did not inhibit their growth. This finding suggests that
      leukemic cells may be deficient in intracellular regulatory factors which have
      suppressive activity on cell growth.

PMID- 4040754
TI  - Regional linkage analysis of the dioxin-inducible P-450 gene family on mouse
      chromosome 9.
AB  - The dioxin-inducible P-450 gene family in the C57BL/6N mouse comprises two genes,
      P1-450 and P3-450. Restriction endonuclease-digested genomic DNA was probed with
      P1-450 and P3-450 full-length cDNA clones in an attempt to find species-specific
      fragment length differences between mouse and hamster cell lines and any
      restriction fragment length polymorphism among four inbred mouse strains. With
      this Southern blot hybridization technique, PstI fragments were used to
      distinguish between the mouse and hamster P1-450/P3-450 genes, and PvuII
      fragments were used to distinguish P3-450 differences between the AKR/J and
      C57L/J inbred strains. Analysis of nineteen mouse X hamster somatic cell hybrid
      lines and sixteen AKXL (AKR/J X C57L/J) recombinant inbred lines showed that the
      P1-450/P3-450 genes are located near the Mpi-1 locus, between the Thy-1 and Pk-3
      loci, in the middle portion of mouse chromosome 9.

PMID- 4040755
TI  - Specific binding of concanavalin A to free inositol and liposomes containing
      phosphatidylinositol.
AB  - We previously reported that concanavalin A could bind specifically to liposomes
      containing phospholipids and lacking glycoconjugates (Biochem. Biophys. Res.
      Comm. 74, 208, 1977). In the present study we show that the binding of
      concanavalin A to the liposomes was greatly increased (up to 5 fold) by the
      presence of phosphatidylinositol in the liposomes. Furthermore, the binding of
      concanavalin A to phosphatidylinositol-liposomes was specific and could be
      inhibited by either alpha-methyl mannoside or by myo-inositol. We also found that
      concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte mitogenesis could be inhibited either by alpha
      methyl mannoside or by myo-inositol. Simultaneous addition of both inhibitors to
      concanavalin A and liposomes showed that inhibition was non-competitive: alpha
      methyl mannoside was more inhibitory to liposomes lacking phosphatidylinositol,
      and myo-inositol was more inhibitory to liposomes containing
      phosphatidylinositol. This suggests that the binding site for inositol might be
      different than that for mannose. Equilibrium dialysis and Scatchard plots
      revealed 4 binding sites each for inositol and mannose at neutral pH. The binding
      constants of concanavalin A were 0.13 X 10(4) and 0.25 X 10(4) liters/mole
      respectively for inositol and mannose. We conclude that concanavalin A binds
      specifically to the inositol portion of phosphatidylinositol.

PMID- 4040757
TI  - The PDC-109 protein from bovine seminal plasma is similar to the gelatin-binding
      domain of bovine fibronectin and a kringle domain of human tissue-type
      plasminogen activator.
AB  - PDC-109, a protein of unknown function, is a major component of bovine seminal
      plasma. Using a computer program designed to detect evolutionary relationships
      between proteins, I find that the PDC-109 protein is similar to the gelatin
      binding domain of bovine fibronectin and part of a kringle domain of human tissue
      type plasminogen activator (t-PA). The computer-based comparison of the amino
      acid sequence of PDC-109 with that of the gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin
      and part of the second kringle domain of t-PA yields scores that are 15.5
      standard deviations and 7.8 standard deviations higher, respectively, than were
      obtained with a comparison of randomized sequences of these proteins. The
      probability (p) of getting these scores by chance is less than 10(-50) and 3 X
      10(-15), respectively. The similarity between the amino acid sequences of PDC-109
      and the gelatin-binding domain in fibronectin and the kringle of t-PA suggests
      some approaches for identifying the functions of PDC-109. Both t-PA and the
      gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin have adhesive functions, and the gelatin
      binding domain promotes viral transformation of fibroblasts in culture. These
      functions may be associated with the PDC-109 protein.

PMID- 4040756
TI  - Binding of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum(II) to metallothionein in Ehrlich cells.
AB  - The antitumor agent, cis-dichlorodiammine Pt(II), is cytotoxic to Ehrlich cells
      in culture. These cells contain a substantial amount of metallothionein in the
      absence of inducers of the protein. At concentrations of drug which cause 60%
      inhibition of cell proliferation, most of the platinum is found in the cytosol.
      Of this about 30% is bound in the metallothionein fraction. Isolated rat liver
      metallothionein reacts slowly with hydrolyzed cis-dichlorodiammine Pt(II). Thus,
      metallothionein is a major cellular site of binding of the platinum complex at
      concentrations which inhibit tumor growth.

PMID- 4040758
TI  - A Z-DNA binding protein isolated from D. radiodurans.
AB  - A DNA binding protein isolated from D. radiodurans changes CD-spectrum of Z-form
      poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC). We have found that a positive band at 268 nm is
      converted close to that of B-form in the presence of the protein. Concomitantly,
      a negative band at 295 nm shown by Z-form poly(dG-dC) X poly (dG-dC) was weakened
      by the protein but not by albumin. Such changes in the CD-spectra were not
      induced by the protein and by albumin when they were mixed with Z- or B-form
      poly(dG-me5dC) X poly(dG-me5dC) or with B-form poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC). The
      protein formed a complex preferentially with Z-form poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC).

PMID- 4040759
TI  - Anticytoskeletal autoantibodies in the connective tissue diseases.
AB  - The sera of 103 patients with connective tissue diseases were studied for the
      presence of anticytoskeletal antibodies by using an indirect immunofluorescence
      method. PTK2 cells fixed with paraformaldehyde and digitonin were used as
      substrate. Antibodies to intermediate filaments were detected in sera of 85.7% of
      polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), 62.8% of systemic sclerosis, 54.5% of
      rheumatoid arthritis, and 37.5% of systemic lupus erythematosus patients, and in
      42.5% of normal sera. High titers of these antibodies, which were IgM, were
      present in 30% of patients' and 5% of normal sera. Antibodies to microfilaments
      were present in 11.6% of patients' sera and absent in all control sera. These
      antibodies were IgM or IgG. The switch from an IgM to an IgG antibody was
      observed in 1 patient. An IgG antibody to the spindle poles and midbody of
      mitotic cells was present in the serum of 1 patient with the CREST syndrome
      (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly,
      telangiectasias). Antibodies to intermediate filaments and to microfilaments
      occur commonly in the connective tissue diseases, particularly in PM/DM, and are
      not detected with substrates or fixation methods used in routine antinuclear
      antibody testing.

PMID- 4040760
TI  - Otitis media: the role of speech-language pathologists.

PMID- 4040761
TI  - The amygdala and forced immobilization of rats.
AB  - Forced immobilization of rats produced changes in the multiple-unit activity in
      the medial, central and lateral nuclei of the amygdala. Chlordiazepoxide
      suppressed the activity of these units. Low-level electrical stimulation of the
      area of these units produced gastric erosions only when the stimulation was
      applied to the central amygdalar nucleus. It was concluded that these areas of
      the amygdala respond to the emotional component of immobilization stress.

PMID- 4040762
TI  - Cyclophosphamide in the male rat: behavioral effects in the adult offspring.
AB  - Cyclophosphamide in a daily dose of 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in
      male Wistar rats for 15 days. Two rats each time were killed for testis
      examination at regular intervals within 100 days following treatment (over 2
      spermatogenetic cycles). One hundred days after the end of the treatment, the
      other rats, whose spermatogenesis had recovered in the meantime, were mated with
      3-month-old females. Offspring were evaluated in regard to the mean number per
      litter, sex ratio, frequency of gross external malformations, growth pattern,
      mortality in the first 4 months of life and reproductive ability at 6 months of
      age. Offspring behavior was also examined between 10 and 14 weeks of age. They
      were evaluated for spontaneous activity and emotionality with an open field test
      and for learning ability with an avoidance conditioning test. Cyclophosphamide
      induced a significant decrease in the number of primary spermatocytes and
      spermatozoa. Only learning ability was altered in the offspring from the treated
      males, for the animals which succeeded in the avoidance conditioning test did not
      learn as rapidly as the controls. However, the difference was significant only in
      the males. Behavioral abnormalities and the possible genetic factors involved are
      related to the particular concept of 'physioteratogenesis'.

PMID- 4040763
TI  - Human conditioned compensatory response to alcohol cues: initial evidence.
AB  - Alcohol cues elicited a conditioned autonomic response that was opposite in
      direction to the effect of alcohol. Normal male social drinkers given placebo
      following four alcohol conditioning sessions showed a compensatory response
      consisting of decreased pulse transit time, vasomotor activity, and finger
      temperature. This pilot research, supports the application of a classical
      conditioning model to human alcohol problems.

PMID- 4040764
TI  - Incidence of major congenital malformations in offspring of alcoholics and
      polydrug abusers.
AB  - The incidence of major congenital malformations was compared in the offspring of
      mothers who abused alcohol only (group I), versus mothers who abused alcohol and
      opiates (group II) during pregnancy. In group I the percent of patients with
      malformations was 33, where as in group II it was 14. The prevalence of fetal
      alcohol syndrome was higher in blacks than Hispanics. Independent of race the
      alcohol-opiate combination seems less teratogenic to the fetus than alcohol
      alone.

PMID- 4040765
TI  - Homology between the primary structures of beta-lactoglobulins and human retinol
      binding protein: evidence for a similar biological function?
AB  - Two types of beta-lactoglobulins were identified and isolated from horse
      colostrum: beta-1g I and beta-1g II. The amino-acid sequence of some tryptic
      peptides from the new monomeric beta-lactoglobulin II was determined and aligned
      to the other beta-lactoglobulins of known sequence and to the human plasma
      retinol-binding protein. The comparison of the primary structures of beta
      lactoglobulins and human retinol-binding protein shows an unexpectedly high
      homology of 25%. We found 37 identities among 149 possible homologous residues.
      Among them is a tryptophan residue at position 19 of beta-lg which might
      represent the binding site of beta-ionone. These data suggest a common origin of
      beta-lactoglobulin and human retinol-binding protein and imply that beta
      lactoglobulins may be involved in the metabolism of retinol.

PMID- 4040766
TI  - The amino-acid sequence of beta-lactoglobulin II from horse colostrum (Equus
      caballus, Perissodactyla): beta-lactoglobulins are retinol-binding proteins.
AB  - beta-Lactoglobulin isolated from horse colostrum is heterogeneous and contains
      two components: beta-lactoglobulin I and beta-lactoglobulin II. These two
      proteins are monomeric and show differences in their electrophoretic mobilities,
      chain lengths and primary structures. The complete amino-acid sequence of beta
      lactoglobulin II was determined by automated Edman degradation of the intact
      protein and of the peptides derived from these by digestion with trypsin or
      chymotrypsin and by chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide. Unlike other beta
      lactoglobulins which contain 162 amino acids, horse beta-lactoglobulin II is
      unique in that it contains 166 amino acids. The additional four amino acids
      represent an insertion between positions 116 and 117 of other beta-lactoglobulins
      so far sequenced, including horse beta-lactoglobulin I. Sequence comparison of
      beta-lactoglobulins I and II from horse colostrum reveals 48 amino acid
      substitutions (30%). Such a diversity between members of the beta-lactoglobulin
      gene family has not been encountered before. Sequence comparison with bovine beta
      lactoglobulin A shows 85 amino acid replacements accounting for 53% of the
      residues. The structural homology with human retinol-binding protein may reveal
      similar biological functions and clues to the origin of milk proteins.

PMID- 4040767
TI  - [Lissencephaly in one of twins].

PMID- 4040768
TI  - Cytoskeleton rearrangements during calcitonin-induced changes in osteoclast
      motility in vitro.
AB  - Although relatively little is known about osteoclastic degradation of bone,
      observations both in vivo and in tissue culture in vitro suggest that osteoclast
      motility is required. Osteoclasts with abundant motile activity and
      responsiveness to a bone-regulating hormone, calcitonin, have recently been
      isolated from rat femur and maintained in culture for short periods of time.
      Using indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies to tubulin and myosin and NBD
      phallacidin staining for F-actin, we have studied cytoskeleton distributions in
      such osteoclasts, either untreated or treated with calcitonin. Untreated and
      unresponsive cells were well spread on the substratum and displayed striking
      motility in time-lapse cinematography. In these cells a fine network of
      microfilaments but no stress fibers could be seen. Ruffles, both at the cell
      periphery and on the dorsal cell surface, stained intensely for F-actin. In
      contrast, myosin staining appeared in a relatively diffuse dotty pattern that
      diminished toward the cell periphery and was absent from the ruffled borders.
      Microtubules labeled in a pattern similar to that typically seen in a variety of
      mononuclear cells with microtubules radiating from the perinuclear region toward
      the cell periphery. In cells that responded to calcitonin by ceasing motile
      activity and retracting cytoplasm, microtubules were not detectably altered. Both
      myosin and actin labeling, however, changed dramatically, with retraction fibers
      labeled brightly for actin but not for myosin. Early in cytoplasmic retraction,
      myosin stained most intensely as a ring at the cell periphery at the base of
      retraction fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040769
TI  - Cystic fluid-platinum kinetics in ovarian cancer patients: relevance to cis
      dichlorodiammine platinum (II) sensitivity testing in vitro.

PMID- 4040770
TI  - Platelet-associated complement in chronic ITP.
AB  - Chronic ITP is due to antibody-induced destruction of platelets by the
      reticuloendothelial (RE) system. The role of complement in this process is
      unclear. We measured platelet-associated complement (PAC) components C3, C3bi, C4
      and C9 in 16 patients with chronic ITP, in two of these patients prior to and
      after splenectomy. Competitive solid-phase radioimmunoassays using monoclonal
      antibody (anti-C3d, anti-C3bi neoantigen or anti-C9) or affinity-purified
      heterologous antibody (anti-C4) were used. Mean values (+/- SD) of normal
      subjects (ng/10(7) plts) were: PAC3d 17.6 +/- 6.8; PAC3bi 11.6 +/- 2.3; PAC4 1.6
      +/- 0.5; PAC9 9.9 +/- 2.6. Significantly elevated (greater than 2 SD) PAC3,
      PAC3bi, PAC4 and PAC9 levels occurred in 12/16, 11/14, 10/14 and 5/9 chronic ITP
      patients. The PAC3, PAC3bi and PAC9 values correlated inversely with the
      patients' platelet counts (P less than 0.001); PAC4 levels did not. A positive
      correlation was also noted between PAC3, PAC3bi and PAC9 while PAC4 values showed
      no correlation. Two patients with preoperative elevation of all four PAC proteins
      showed normalization of PAC3, PAC3bi and PAC9 values after a splenectomy-induced
      remission; PAC4 levels remained elevated for up to 5 months after surgery. We
      conclude that in vivo C activation occurs in most chronic ITP patients with
      binding of C3 and C9 to the platelet surface. This in vivo C activation may
      promote more efficient phagocytosis (C3b) and possibly platelet lysis (C5-9) in
      some ITP patients.

PMID- 4040771
TI  - Urodynamic and clinical assessment of the Lyodura sling operation for urinary
      stress incontinence.
AB  - A Lyodura sling operation for urinary stress incontinence was performed on 36
      patients. The success rate was 89%, when success was defined as absence of
      objective urine loss at coughing or straining, with full bladder in the upright
      position and during a Urilos test, at least 6 months after surgery. Full
      urodynamic assessment, including urethral rest and stress profiles, were
      performed before, and 6 months after, surgery. Success of the operation depended
      mainly on enhancement of urethral pressure transmission. Functional length of the
      urethra and maximal urethral pressure did not influence the success rate. The
      procedure is especially suitable in patients with some degree of uterine or
      vaginal prolapse.

PMID- 4040772
TI  - Reconstitution of the glucose transporter from bovine heart.
AB  - Reconstitution of the glucose transporter from heart should be useful as an assay
      in its purification and in the study of its regulation. We have prepared plasma
      membranes from bovine heart which display D-glucose reversible binding of
      cytochalasin B (33 pmol sites/mg protein; Kd = 0.2 muM). The membrane proteins
      were reconstituted into liposomes by the freeze-thaw procedure. Reconstituted
      liposomes showed D-glucose transport activity which was stereospecific, saturable
      and inhibited by cytochalasin B, phloretin, and mercuric chloride. Compared to
      membrane proteins reconstituted directly, proteins obtained by dispersal of the
      membranes with low concentrations of cholate or by cholate solubilization showed
      1.2- or 2.3-fold higher specific activities for reconstituted transport,
      respectively. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electrophoretic
      protein transfer and labeling with antisera prepared against the human
      erythrocyte transporter identified a single band of about 45 kDa in membranes
      from both dog and bovine hearts, a size similar to that reported for a number of
      other glucose transporters in various animals and tissues.

PMID- 4040773
TI  - [Role of the oncogene in the mutagenic activity of bovine adenovirus type 3].
AB  - The mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of two EcoRI-fragments of bovine adenovirus
      type 3 (BAV-3) DNA inserted into pBR325 has been studied. The C fragment (located
      between 3,6 and 19,7 map units) contains the viral oncogene, the C fragment
      (between 44,3 and 63,7 map units) displays no transforming activity. It has been
      established that oncogene BAV-3 statistically true increases the yield of mutants
      resistant to 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) in Chinese hamster cells. The C fragment,
      pBR325 without viral sequences and DNA fragments of different molecular weights
      from normal Syrian hamster cells have no mutagenic effect. The control over tumor
      formation in syngenic mice after injection of C3H10T 1/2 and D. C fragments and
      pBR325 treatment exposed a parallelism between the mutagenic and transforming
      effect. The study of the combined effect of viral DNA fragments and the tumor
      promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) which increases the
      transforming activity of different carcinogens, shows that the promoter increases
      the frequency of mutants after viral oncogene treatment and does not induce
      mutagenic activity of those types of DNA which are unable to transform the cells.

PMID- 4040774
TI  - [Fibrinolytic activity of heart tissues and aorta of rats undergoing
      electroshock].
AB  - In the first minute of shock caused by electric current passing through the rats
      parietal lobe the increase of fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction of
      blood occurs. During the investigation of the right heart ventriculus tissue and
      aorta by histochemical method of Todd in our modification the decrease of
      fibrinolytic activity in wall of aorta (on 80%) and in tissue of heart
      ventriculus (on 30%) has been revealed in tentative animals as compared with
      control ones. It is suggested that the entering of plasminogen activator from
      vessel wall into the blood flow plays an important role in activation of
      fibrinolytic system in generalized reaction of organism to strong stress action.

PMID- 4040775
TI  - [Effect of stress-inducing factors on the behavior of monkeys. I. The behavior of
      monkeys under acute emotional stress].
AB  - The behavior of Papio hamadryas pubertal males under the immobilizational stress
      conditions has been studied. It has been established that this very type of
      stress appeared to be a powerful irritant for the individuals of this species and
      age leading them into the depression state. The process of normalization of
      behavior after the 2-hour immobilization lasted for about 72 h. The main
      consequences of the stress were the violation of locomotion, the reception by
      individuals of unnatural postures, the trembling of limbs and the violation of
      coordination. The reaction of stress was greatly influenced by the position of
      individual in the hierarchic system. The dominant (alpha) and the most
      subdominant (z) males bore the stress easier. The intensification of food
      activity was marked within the male z. In certain period after the immobilization
      the tendency of the growth of friendly contacts between the individuals was
      found. The frequency of aggressive behavior after the stress lowered. The
      violation of manipulation activity was also marked. These regularities are of
      great importance for the reconstruction of group social behavior models of
      protohominid's societies.

PMID- 4040776
TI  - [Synthesis of sesquiterpene metabolites in a Trichothecium roseum culture].
AB  - During the cultivation Trichothecium roseum forms biologically active
      sesquiterpenes in particular trichothecin and trichothecolon. The quantitative
      ratio of these compounds in cultural liquid changes depending on the cultivation
      conditions. The compounds taking part in terpenoids shant specifically increase
      the synthesis of sesquiterpenes in fungus culture. A possibility of
      intertransformation of different trichothecenes provides the stability of the
      fungus-producent to its toxical metabolites. A fermental system carrying out the
      transformation of trichothecin into trichotecolon has been revealed.

PMID- 4040777
TI  - Imbalance of hemispheric functions in the major psychoses: a study of handedness
      in the People's Republic of China.
AB  - A study of hand preference and eye dominance in schizophrenia, manic-depressive
      psychosis, and normal controls was carried out in the People's Republic of China.
      An excess of sinistrality was found in both men and women schizophrenics, but not
      in manic-depressive patients. Both the manic-depressive and schizophrenic
      psychoses are characterized by a significant excess of left eye dominance and by
      an increasing divergence between eye and hand dominance when compared to the
      controls. The major published studies investigating hand preference in
      psychopathology are reviewed, and possible interpretations of the conflicting
      findings are suggested.

PMID- 4040778
TI  - [Prevention of stress-induced disorders of myocardial contractile function by
      using sparing adaptation to short-term stress effects].
AB  - Adaptation to repeated short-term stress is known to prevent to a considerable
      extent the depression of the myocardial contractile function which usually
      develops under long-term stress. But the adaptation itself has a "cost", i. e. it
      results in limited but significant disturbances of myocardial contractile
      function. The present review documents the method of adaptation involving few
      actions with prolonged intervals between them. It has been established that such
      an adaptation per se does not induce any disturbances of contractile function. At
      the same time it prevents completely the depression of contractile function
      caused by stress.

PMID- 4040779
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the protective effect of adaptation to short-term
      stress exposures in damage to the heart and portal vein from long-term stress].
AB  - The effect of the preliminary adaptation to short-term stress actions carried out
      under different conditions was studied in the myocardium and vascular smooth
      muscle damaged by long-term immobilization stress. The preliminary adaptation
      performed under "sparing" conditions was shown to protect more effectively the
      right atrial myocardium and portal vein against damages induced by long-term
      immobilization than that carried out under stringent conditions. The sparing
      adaptation allowed avoiding the appearance of the structural "price" of the
      adaptation, i.e. the depression of myocardial contractile function induced by
      adaptation itself.

PMID- 4040780
TI  - [Neurophysiological analysis of the development of endocrine and hypertensive
      reactions in long-term emotional stress].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of chronic emotional stress on the formation of
      hypertension in animals. This was shown to be related to dynamic changes in the
      function of the CNS, particularly in the hypothalamic apparatus of the
      neuroendocrine control. The above changes played a role in the formation of
      hypertensive vascular reactions accompanied by a high hormonal secretion of the
      adrenal cortex and thyroid. During stabilization of high arterial blood pressure
      at the late stages of the "after-effect", the hormonal secretion returns to
      normal.

PMID- 4040781
TI  - [Acceleration of the vertical migration of corneal epithelial cells in white rats
      under chronic immobilization stress].
AB  - Autoradiography with 3H-thymidine was employed to study DNA synthesis and the
      rate of the migration of labeled nuclei from the basal layer to the surface
      layers of albino rat corneal epithelium after repeated immobilization stress. The
      studies were performed at once, and 24 and 72 hours after 3H-thymidine injection.
      Post-stressor activation of DNA synthesis and acceleration of the vertical
      migration of the cells were recorded.

PMID- 4040782
TI  - [Pharmacological correction of the disorders of cardiac contractile function in
      stress].
AB  - It has been established that sodium hydroxybutyrate, prolactin, propranolol and
      ionol are capable of preventing the depression of the contractile function of the
      heart and of decreasing the glycogen level in the myocardium, provoked by
      emotional stress.

PMID- 4040783
TI  - A monoclonal antibody, specific for human fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A-containing
      fragments and not reacting with free fibrinopeptide A.
AB  - Spleen cells of BALB/c mice, immunized with fragments Y of normal human
      fibrinogen, were fused with P3 X 63 Ag 8653 myeloma cells. A clone was found
      which produces monoclonal antibodies (Mab-Y18) of the IgM kappa type. Mab-Y18 is
      immunoreactive with normal human fibrinogen, and its fragments X, Y, N-terminal
      disulphide knot, A alpha-chain, and A alpha stretch 1-51. The immunoreactivity
      with these same fragments disappears upon treatment with thrombin or arvin. This
      strongly suggests that fibrinopeptide A is an essential component of the Mab-Y18
      epitope. This is supported by the finding that Mab-Y18 prolongs the thrombin and
      arvin clotting times of human fibrinogen by inhibition of the fibrinopeptide A
      release. More detailed information about the nature of the Mab-Y18 epitope was
      obtained from studies with genetic variants of human fibrinogen (especially
      fibrinogen Metz) and with fibrinogens from other mammalian species. These studies
      show that amino acid residue A alpha 16 (arginine) of fibrinopeptide A is
      essential for the Mab-Y18 epitope. Mab-Y18 does not react with free
      fibrinopeptide A.

PMID- 4040784
TI  - Uptake of tri-p-cresyl phosphate in soybean plants.

PMID- 4040785
TI  - Inhibitory effects of forskolin and papaverine on nerve conduction partially
      blocked by tetrodotoxin in the frog sciatic nerve.
AB  - The effects of forskolin, sodium fluoride and papaverine on compound action
      potentials were investigated in de-sheathed sciatic nerve preparations of the
      frog. Forskolin decreased in a concentration-dependent manner the amplitude of
      compound action potentials when nerve conduction was partially blocked by
      tetrodotoxin (TTX). In the presence of TTX a 50% decrease in the action potential
      amplitude recorded was obtained with about 2.5 microM forskolin. Sodium fluoride
      did not modify the amplitude of compound action potentials partially blocked by
      TTX. Papaverine also decreased the amplitude of compound action potentials
      partially inhibited by TTX. A 50% decrease in the action potential amplitude
      recorded in the presence of TTX was obtained with about 10 microM papaverine. The
      possibility that cyclic AMP modulates axonal excitability by interfering with the
      entry of sodium through the TTX-sensitive sodium channel is discussed.

PMID- 4040786
TI  - Surgical correction of post-operative retrograde ejaculation.
AB  - Retrograde ejaculation is a known complication of bladder neck surgery. Revision
      of a bilharzial bladder neck obstruction accentuates the incidence of this
      complication. Some of the difficulties in the surgical correction of retrograde
      ejaculation are directly related to pathological changes caused by bilharziasis.
      In this study a new length of premontanal urethra is formed using the trigonal
      urothelium and the trigonal muscles with their intact sympathetic innervation to
      correct retrograde ejaculation following bladder neck surgery. Normal (antegrade)
      ejaculation was restored in four of five men using this procedure. The
      physiological basis of the procedure is discussed.

PMID- 4040787
TI  - Survey of antibiotic prophylaxis in British urological practice.
AB  - Guidelines for the use of prophylactic antibiotics to cover operative procedures
      on the urinary tract have been suggested, but the extent to which these have been
      adopted into routine practice has not been assessed. This survey documents the
      use of prophylactic antibiotics in urological surgery in Britain. It demonstrates
      that awareness of the potential role of antibiotic prophylaxis is increasing.
      Most urologists now adopt a selective approach in the use of prophylactic agents.

PMID- 4040788
TI  - Long term alcohol consumption induces microtubular changes in the adult rat
      cerebellar cortex.
AB  - The effects of prolonged alcohol consumption on the microtubules of Purkinje cell
      dendrites and granule cell axons were studied in adult rats fed alcohol for 1, 3,
      6, 12 and 18 months and compared with respective age-matched controls. A
      significant consequential decrease in the number of dendritic microtubules in
      alcohol-fed rats was found when compared with the respective controls.
      Conversely, an increase in the number of these organelles was found in both
      ascending and parallel portion of the axons in the experimental animals. The
      possibility of a relationship between microtubular changes and previously
      reported cerebellar cortex alcohol-induced structural alterations is advanced.

PMID- 4040789
TI  - Peripheral axotomy induces neurofilament decrease, atrophy, demyelination and
      degeneration of root and fasciculus gracilis fibers.
AB  - We have recently shown that peripheral axotomy by hindlimb amputation in adult
      cats sequentially results in neurofilament and microtubule decrease and axonal
      atrophy, myelin wrinkling, myelin remodeling (de- and remyelination), more
      atrophy and axonal degeneration in proximal sciatic and L7 segmental nerve
      fibers. The neuropathologic, morphometric and teased fiber alterations in the
      myelinated fibers (MF) of roots and sampled levels of fasciculus gracilis in
      groups of adult cats 24 months after hindlimb amputation have now been studied.
      We found: a severe decrease of neurofilaments, axonal atrophy, myelin wrinkling,
      de- and remyelination and axonal loss in posterior root axons; that these
      morphologic abnormalities extended up the fasciculus gracilis in the appropriate
      territories established from degenerative studies; that the retrograde effect was
      less severe in ventral root fibers, although atrophy and sprouting were
      demonstrated here, and that the cellular sequence of retrograde atrophic
      degeneration of ascending axons was similar to that observed in proximal stump
      axons. These findings confirm that primary afferent neurons are more vulnerable
      to axotomy than lower motor neurons and may provide an additional explanation for
      the poorer functional restoration of sensory than of motor deficit after root
      compression and in delayed nerve reconnection. Our observations also have
      important implications for interpretation of neuropathologic alterations in roots
      and fasciculus gracilis, since the observed features may be secondary to axotomy
      of peripheral nerve fibers induced by disease and not evidence of a primary
      derangement.

PMID- 4040790
TI  - Reversal of the sexually dimorphic distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive
      fibers in the medial preoptic nucleus by treatment with perinatal androgen.
AB  - The effect of perinatal androgen exposure on the sexually dimorphic distribution
      of serotonin (5-HT)-immunoreactive fibers in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) of
      the rat was evaluated with an indirect immunohistochemical method. Female animals
      treated with testosterone propionate (TP) perinatally, postnatally or with oil
      vehicle alone were gonadectomized as adults and the 5-HT fiber distributions
      compared with those of intact male and female animals. In the adult female rat,
      the TP treatments resulted in a significant masculinization of both the 5-HT
      stained fiber distribution and the sexually dimorphic cytoarchitectonic features
      of the MPN. This masculinization appears to be complete only in the animals
      exposed to TP perinatally, suggesting that the critical period for the sexual
      differentiation of this nucleus may extend into the late prenatal period.

PMID- 4040791
TI  - Paraventricular nucleus lesions exaggerate dietary obesity but block photoperiod
      induced weight gains and suspension of estrous cyclicity in Syrian hamsters.
AB  - Lesions of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus block short
      photoperiod-induced testicular regression in Syrian hamsters. We examined the
      effects of PVN or sham lesions on the short photoperiod-induced increases in body
      weight and adiposity in female Syrian hamsters. PVN lesions did not affect body
      weight when hamsters were housed in a long photoperiod (LD, 16:8) and fed Purina
      laboratory rodent chow (No. 5001). However, when fed a high-fat diet both groups
      gained weight, and the hamsters with PVN lesions gained approximately twice as
      much as the sham-operated controls. When the hamsters were exposed to a short
      photoperiod (LD, 8:16), only the hamsters with sham lesions displayed the typical
      increase in body weight. No further increase in body weight or parametrial fat
      pad weight was seen when the hamsters with PVN lesions were exposed to the short
      photoperiod. The lack of a short photoperiod-induced increase in body weight gain
      in hamsters with PVN lesions seems unlikely to be due to a "ceiling effect" on
      body weight gain because we have routinely observed neurally intact, melatonin
      treated female Syrian hamsters with body weight in excess of 250 g. Finally, the
      short photoperiod interrupted estrous cyclicity in sham-lesioned hamsters but not
      in those with PVN lesions. Thus, PVN lesions exaggerate dietary obesity but
      prevent short photoperiod-induced weight gains and vaginal acyclicity in female
      Syrian hamsters.

PMID- 4040792
TI  - [Liver damage due to cytostatic agents].

PMID- 4040793
TI  - [The effect of drugs on laryngeal resistance and motor neuron activity in the
      recurrent nerve in the cat].

PMID- 4040794
TI  - [The female prostate and its enzymes].

PMID- 4040796
TI  - Splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 4040795
TI  - Intravenous usage of gammaglobulin: humoral immunodeficiency, immune
      thrombocytopenic purpura, and newer indications.
AB  - Intravenous gammaglobulin is effective therapy of ITP and other autoantibody
      mediated immune cytopenias. All children as well as adults unresponsive to
      splenectomy or with known immune deficiency are probably the best candidates for
      treatment with IVGG. Its major advantage, in addition to its efficacy of
      treatment and possible remission-inducing effect, is that it has the fewest side
      effects of any treatment of ITP so that it is the best maintenance therapy of
      patients when effective. Future uses of IVGG remain to be determined. Premature
      infants with a high mortality from sepsis and with hypogammaglobulinemia due to
      termination of pregnancy prior to transplacental antibody transfer may benefit
      from IVGG. A preliminary study suggested such benefit and also showed safety of
      IVGG treatment in that there was no impaired immune responsiveness of these
      prematures at 2 years of age (28). Another potential usage of IVGG involves the
      treatment of the hypogammaglobulinemia associated with certain types of
      malignancy. Patients with CLL, especially in the advanced stages, are often
      hypogammaglobulinemic. Multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia are
      two other B-cell malignancies associated with antibody production defects which
      might benefit from antibody replacement therapy. Therapeutic IgG levels may be
      harder to obtain due to hypercatabolism of immunoglobulin. The issue of immune
      hyporesponsiveness during intensive chemotherapy is also unexplored. Secondary
      antibody responses do not seem to be impaired, but primary responses, as tested
      in numerous immunization studies, are decidedly impaired. Certain protocols,
      especially those treating high-risk acute leukemias and neuroblastoma during
      induction therapy are intensive with high rates of sepsis, and may warrant trials
      of prophylactic IVGG. Similarly, some form of humoral prophylaxis is becoming an
      important part of the handling of the patient undergoing bone marrow
      transplantation not only to prevent bacterial sepsis but also to prevent
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) interstitial pneumonitis. A likely additional usage is
      gammaglobulin replacement for patients undergoing plasmapheresis, especially if
      performed multiple times. Finally, the broad spectrum of antibacterial and
      antiviral antibodies present in the preparations (such as anti-CMV, anti-Group B
      strep, and antiendotoxin) and the ease and safety of delivery allow the
      preparations to be used in situations where a hyperimmune preparation might be
      desired and/or where more than one pathogen is possible. In summary, IVGG is a
      treatment capable of safely conferring significant benefits to selected
      patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4040797
TI  - An interview with Dr. Henry Morgentaler [by Rick L Hengel].

PMID- 4040798
TI  - Prognostic significance of DNA patterns and resistance-predictive tests in non
      small cell lung carcinoma.
AB  - In a cooperative study, 240 surgical specimens of patients with non-small cell
      lung carcinomas (NSCLC) were investigated by means of flow cytometry,
      xenotransplantation to athymic mice and, an in vitro short-term test for
      predicting resistance. Aneuploidy was found in 83% of the tumors, and 20% showed
      more than one aneuploid DNA stemline. Patients with both aneuploid tumors and
      tumors with more than one DNA stemline had a significantly shorter survival rate
      than those with only diploid or only one DNA stemline. Patients whose tumors
      showed a low G0/G1-cell proportion or a high proliferation pool (S and G2/M-cell
      proportion) died earlier. A relationship could not be discerned between growth of
      tumors in nude mice or establishment of cell lines and the prognosis for the
      patients. Patients with in vitro-resistant tumors died earlier under chemotherapy
      than those with in vitro-sensitive tumors. Patients treated by radiation survived
      longer if the tumors were resistant in vitro. Thus, DNA patterns and in vitro
      short-term tests for predicting resistance represent useful tools for prognostic
      evaluation of patients with NSCLC.

PMID- 4040799
TI  - Cisplatin in recurrent pediatric brain tumors. A POG Phase II study. A Pediatric
      Oncology Group Study.
AB  - Forty-six evaluable pediatric patients with primary recurrent brain tumors
      resistant to standard therapy were treated with cisplatin, 60 mg/m2/day, X2 days
      every 3 to 4 weeks, to study the efficacy and toxicity of this drug. Complete and
      partial responses, documented by computed tomography (CT) scan, were demonstrated
      in 4 of 10 patients with medulloblastoma and 3 of 15 patients with ependymoma. No
      activity was documented in astrocytic tumors. Dose limiting major toxicities were
      renal and auditory. It is recommended that the new analogues of cisplatin with
      less toxicity be studied in these tumors.

PMID- 4040800
TI  - Anterior chemotherapy in esophageal cancer.
AB  - Front loading chemotherapy using methotrexate (200 mg/m2) alone or methotrexate
      (200 mg/m2) with cisplatin (20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days) was used in epidermoid
      carcinoma of esophagus. Evaluation after two courses showed objective response of
      50% or greater in 48% of patients with methotrexate alone. Response rate was
      increased to 76.2% with addition of cisplatin to methotrexate. Small lesions
      (less than 10 cm) showed better response as compared to advanced cases. Therapy
      was generally well tolerated and good palliation was obtained even after the
      first course. Postchemotherpy treatment either with surgery or radiotherapy was
      tolerated without any major complications. The data confirm the short-term
      usefulness of initial chemotherapy with methotrexate and cisplatin in esophageal
      cancer. Results of prolonged follow-up will help to evaluate the role of front
      loading chemotherapy on long-term survival.

PMID- 4040801
TI  - Ototoxicity of low- and moderate-dose cisplatin.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with head and neck neoplasms were prospectively evaluated
      for cisplatin (DDP)-induced ototoxicity. Patients were selected from a larger
      population based on the uniformity of their chemotherapy regimen, renal status,
      lack of prior or concurrent exposure to ototoxic agents, and availability for
      repetitive audiometric testing in the same setting. Scanning electron microscopy
      of the inner ear was performed on four temporal bones. Hearing impairment was
      found to be dose-related, irreversible within the confines of the study period,
      and primarily in the higher frequencies. Vestibular toxicity was rare and well
      documented by our testing methods in only one patient. Based on the results of
      this study, and a review of animal and human data on DDP ototoxicity, the authors
      concluded that ototoxic screening should be reserved for patients defined as "at
      risk" and those patients receiving more than 400 mg of DDP under the conditions
      stated in this report.

PMID- 4040802
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the breast. Two case reports and a review of the literature.
AB  - Two cases of angiosarcoma of the breast are presented. They are of particular
      interest in that one patient is a long-term survivor, the 19th reported to date,
      and the other presented with contralateral breast involvement without evidence of
      disseminated disease. The world literature is reviewed and a discussion is
      presented of the clinical features, treatment, histopathologic features, and
      prognosis of this rare breast neoplasm. Tumor size and degree of tumor
      differentiation are the most important prognostic indicators, and in general a
      simple mastectomy is the treatment of choice. The value of adjuvant irradiation
      and chemotherapy is uncertain.

PMID- 4040803
TI  - On the meaning of fragile sites in cancer risk and development.
AB  - In the last few years, there has been increasing concern about the possible
      involvement of fragile sites in cancer risk and development. Patients with
      malignancies and family histories of cancer who presented with constitutional
      fragile sites are reported here. These findings are discussed with regard to the
      familial risk for cancer and the tissue specificity of the malignancy in relation
      to the different fragile sites. The hypothesis is advanced that these may be
      sites of viral DNA modification, probably representing areas where genes that are
      important for the metabolism of the virus are located. On the other hand, these
      genes may well be cellular (proto)oncogenes. We believe that fragile sites may
      increase the risk for cancer, not by being break-prone points at oncogene
      locations, but through more complex mechanisms that are not easy to predict.

PMID- 4040804
TI  - Chromosomal abnormalities in essential thrombocythemia.

PMID- 4040805
TI  - Biliary excretion of platinum in rats after administration of cisplatin and
      aqua(1,1-bis(aminomethyl)-cyclohexane)sulfatoplatinum(II) (spiroplatin, TNO-6).
AB  - Three groups of 6 rats were treated with cisplatin (3 mg/kg, bolus and 3-h
      infusion) and spiroplatin (3 mg/kg, bolus) by infusion in the right external
      jugular vein. The mean amounts of platinum +/- c.v. excreted in the bile during
      the first 6 h after the start of administration were 0.32 +/- 0.19% and 0.39 +/-
      0.29% of the dose after bolus injection and 3-h infusion of cisplatin,
      respectively, and 3.77 +/- 3.32% of the dose after spiroplatin. The values were
      not significantly different between the 2 cisplatin administration modes (P
      greater than 0.05), but were between the spiroplatin and cisplatin bolus groups
      (Wilcoxon two-sided rank test, P less than 0.01). These data are related to
      pharmacokinetic parameters in man.

PMID- 4040806
TI  - Ascorbato(1,2-diaminocyclohexane):platinum(II) complexes, a new series of water
      soluble antitumor drugs.
AB  - Dichloro-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH):platinum(II), the prototype DACH:platinum
      complex, had good antitumor activity, was not cross-resistant with cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP), but was, unfortunately, virtually insoluble
      in water and was, therefore, not evaluated clinically. This paper summarizes some
      of the chemical and biological attributes of a series of cis-bisascorbato
      DACH:platinum(II) complexes (DAP). Although the primary emphasis has been placed
      on the DAP complex consisting of the isomeric mixture DACH, a series of complexes
      using the isomers of either DACH or ascorbic acid have also been synthesized. The
      synthetic procedure entailed reacting the water-soluble sulfato-DACH:platinum(II)
      with barium ascorbate, and the water-soluble product DAP was removed from the
      BaSO4 precipitate by filtration. Based upon elemental analysis, all the complexes
      had stoichiometric composition of one DACH:one platinum and two ascorbate
      monoanions. High-pressure liquid chromatography of cis-bisascorbato (mixed-isomer
      DACH):platinum revealed a series of platinum-containing, ultraviolet-absorbing
      peaks. All the DAP complexes had significant in vitro cytotoxicity against L1210
      leukemia cells (L1210/0) with 50%-inhibitory dose values ranging from 2 to 5
      micrograms/ml. None of the complexes was cross-resistant with DDP when tested in
      vitro against L1210 cells 50-fold resistant to DDP (L1210/DDP). The cis
      bisascorbato (mixed-isomer DACH):platinum (DAP-1) was administered i.p. to C57BL
      X DBA/2 F1 mice inoculated i.p. with 10(6) L1210/0 cells. When administered on
      Days 1, 5, and 9, the DAP-1 complex consistently produced treated:control values
      in excess of 200% with several long-term survivors (alive 60 days after tumor
      inoculation). Further, the DAP-1 complex was totally non-cross-resistant with DDP
      when tested in vivo against a DDP-resistant L1210 line. Toxicological
      investigations revealed that DAP-1 was relatively nonnephrotoxic but did cause
      the expected bone marrow and gastrointestinal toxicity. In summary, the DAP
      complexes are highly water-soluble, nonnephrotoxic platinum complexes with
      sufficient antitumor activity to warrant further pharmacological, biochemical,
      and chemical investigations.

PMID- 4040807
TI  - Antiestrogenic potency and binding characteristics of the triphenylethylene H1285
      in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
AB  - The antiestrogenic character and potency of 4-(N,N-diethylaminoethoxy)-4'-methoxy
      alpha-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-alpha' -ethylstilbene (H1285) and its binding to estrogen
      receptor and to estrogen-noncompetible antiestrogen binding sites have been
      studied in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. H1285 has an affinity for the
      estrogen receptor (Kd 0.23 nM) which is comparable to that of estradiol (Kd 0.25
      nM), and the binding of these two compounds to estrogen receptor is mutually
      competitive. On high salt sucrose gradients, the sedimentation profiles of
      nuclear receptor complexes with H1285 and estradiol are different. While the
      sedimentation profile of the complex with estradiol varies with the buffer
      composition, being 4.1S in phosphate:thioglycerol: glycerol and predominantly
      5.5S in Tris:EDTA buffered gradients, the H1285 receptor complex shows the same
      sedimentation (5.5S) regardless of the buffer composition. H1285 also binds to
      estrogen-noncompetable antiestrogen binding sites that are distinct from the
      estrogen receptor with a low affinity, only 15% that of the antiestrogen
      tamoxifen. The biological character and potency of H1285 were examined by
      determining its effects on cell proliferation, cellular progesterone receptor
      levels, and plasminogen activator activity. In MCF-7 cells, H1285 was a 30- to
      100-fold more potent inhibitor of cell proliferation than was the antiestrogen
      tamoxifen, and it was approximately equipotent with the higher affinity
      antiestrogen trans-hydroxytamoxifen. H1285 evoked very minimal increases in
      cellular progesterone receptor levels, and no increase in plasminogen activator
      activity over a broad range of concentrations (10(-10)-10(-6)M), and it
      suppressed plasminogen activator activity stimulated by estradiol. Therefore, by
      the criteria we have used, we conclude that H1285 is a potent and very effective
      antiestrogen in MCF-7 cells. The ability of estradiol to reverse the suppression
      of cell proliferation by H1285, and the high affinity of H1285 for estrogen
      receptor and its low affinity for estrogen-noncompetible antiestrogen binding
      sites suggest that H1285 exerts its antiestrogenic effects via interaction with
      the estrogen receptor of these breast cancer cells.

PMID- 4040808
TI  - Clinical evaluation of high-dose cytarabine and cisplatin in recurrent cervical
      carcinoma.

PMID- 4040809
TI  - Phase I-II trial with cisplatin and 5-FU in recurrent head and neck cancer: an
      effective outpatient schedule.
AB  - Thirty patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated
      with a combination of cisplatin (20 mg/m2) and 5-FU (400-200 mg/m2) by iv push on
      Days 1-5 every 21 days. All patients but two had relapsed disease. Twenty-seven
      patients were evaluable for response: there were four complete responses and 12
      partial responses (objective response rate, 59.2%). The response rate falls to
      53.3% if it is calculated on the total number of patients entered. Twenty-seven
      patients were evaluable for toxicity: myelosuppression occurred in ten patients
      (37%), while renal toxicity, nausea and vomiting, and stomatitis were quite rare
      and moderate. These results look encouraging and suggest the need for further
      studies.

PMID- 4040810
TI  - Fluorescent labeling of carbohydrates and analysis by liquid chromatography.
      Comparison of derivatives using mannosidosis oligosaccharides.
AB  - To enhance resolution and detectability of carbohydrates by liquid
      chromatography, two fluorescent labels, introduced into oligosaccharides by
      reductive amination, were compared by use of standard sugars and a complex,
      biological sample of D-mannose oligomers obtained from the urine of a
      mannosidosis patient. Both labels, 2-aminopyridine and 7-amino-1-naphthol,
      improved the chromatographic efficiency and detection sensitivity. However,
      reductive amination with the pyridinylamine derivative was incomplete. The Schiff
      base intermediates left in the mixtures were only partially resolved by
      chromatography and complicate the patterns. In contrast, the naphtholamine
      derivatives were completely reduced and, in addition, possess enhanced
      fluorescence.

PMID- 4040811
TI  - The effects of lectins on the interaction between macrophages and bone in vitro.
      A morphological and functional study.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that the attachment of elicited rat macrophages
      to bone is mediated by specific saccharides located on the cell and/or bone
      surfaces. We have used a macrophage-bone culture system to study the effects of
      two lectins, concanavalin A (con A) and soybean agglutinin (SBA), on the
      morphology of macrophage attachment to a devitalized bone surface and subsequent
      functional activity. Macrophages were obtained from 3- to 4-week-old rats by
      peritoneal lavage and the adherent pool was used to prepare cell suspensions. Con
      A-treated, SBA-treated or control cell suspensions were aliquoted onto the
      endocranial surface of devitalized rat calvariae. The cells were allowed to
      attach for 1 h at 37 degrees C, after which, the bone samples were removed from
      culture and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of
      con A-treated macrophages attached to bone was markedly different from that of
      control or SBA-treated cells. Con A altered the attachment and subsequent
      spreading of macrophages on bone as visualized by SEM. Furthermore, the number of
      con A-treated cells that attached to bone and the average surface area of cell
      membrane apposed to the matrix was significantly different from that of control
      or SBA-treated cells. A 45Ca bone-release assay was performed to evaluate the
      functional significance of the morphological findings. Lectin-treated or control
      cell suspensions were allowed to attach to the endocranial surface of 45Ca pre
      labeled calvariae for 1 h. Following attachment, the samples were cultured for 72
      h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040812
TI  - Diffusion barriers in the vaginal epithelium during the estrous cycle in guinea
      pigs.
AB  - In the present study the permeability barriers of the multilayered vaginal
      epithelium were examined using tracer perfusion techniques, freeze-fracture and
      thin sectioning. During diestrus and proestrus the upper layers of mucified
      epithelial cells exhibit tight-junctional belts, which restrict tracer molecules
      such as lanthanum and horseradish peroxidase. When the highly mucified cells
      begin to degenerate toward the end of proestrus the underlying epithelium is
      already keratinized as typical for estrus. The keratinized epithelial cells have
      a tight-junctional network that joins the basal plasma membranes with the apical
      membranes of subjacent cells and blocks paracellular diffusion of the tracer
      molecules. During conversion of the cornified epithelium to a mucified epithelium
      in metestrus the intercellular space of the epithelium is stained by tracer
      molecules even though tight-junctional belts can be observed. These results
      indicate that during cyclic changes of the vaginal epithelium tight junctions
      can, in general, be considered for the restriction of paracellular diffusion. In
      metestrus, however, junctions become functionally leaky although they remain
      morphologically intact. Intercellular lipids, which are normally common in
      cornified epithelia, are extremely rare and cannot constitute an effective
      barrier to diffusion in the vagina of the guinea pig. The significance of a
      strategy that bases the regulation of the permeability on tight junctions rather
      than on intercellular lipids is discussed.

PMID- 4040814
TI  - Stereological analysis of daily variation in the ultrastructure of the pars
      intermedia of the pituitary gland of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus).
AB  - A stereological analysis has been made of the daily changes occurring in the
      ultrastructure of the melanotrophs of the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland
      of the Djungarian or Siberian hamster, Phodopus sungorus, maintained in long day
      photoperiods. The rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes all
      declined in fractional volume throughout the photophase reaching minima at mid
      scotophase and rising to reach their maxima at about the time of onset of the
      photophase. The mitochondria reached their peak fractional volume just before the
      cessation of the photophase but then also declined to a minimum at mid
      scotophase. No significant changes were found to occur in the fractional volumes
      of the nucleus or the secretory granules. These morphological findings are
      compared with the changes in plasma and pituitary alpha-melanocyte-stimulating
      hormone levels found in the rat.

PMID- 4040813
TI  - Analysis of desmosomal intramembrane particle populations and cytoskeletal
      elements: detergent extraction and freeze-fracture.
AB  - We have examined sections and freeze-fracture replicas of Triton X-100 detergent
      extracted desmosomes from murine palatal epithelium. After extraction of lipids
      as well as soluble proteins, a cytoskeletal framework remained which consisted of
      intermediate filaments, microfilaments, and intact desmosomal skeletons.
      Traversing filaments, which link the intermediate filaments to large
      intramembrane particles of the P-face, appeared undisturbed within the desmosomal
      skeletons. Compared to unextracted controls, extracted specimens displayed P- and
      E-face desmosomal intramembrane particles which were more fully exposed. A broad
      range of sizes and shapes was apparent for the P-face associated particles. E
      face particles, some of which were exposed for the first time, were more
      homogeneous and generally smaller. Statistical data gathered from a large sample
      of P- and E-face particle diameters disclosed significant differences among the
      populations of the two faces. Both fracture faces of extracted desmosomal domains
      displayed a residual surface upon which the exposed particles seemed to remain
      lodged. The newly revealed structural features are presented in an hypothetical
      molecular model which provides for both vertical and horizontal stabilization of
      desmosomal subcomponents. The model may ultimately be relatable to emerging
      biochemical characterization.

PMID- 4040816
TI  - [Examination and treatment of men in infertile marriages in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 4040815
TI  - Cytochalasin D-induced increase in actin synthesis and content in a variety of
      cell types.
AB  - Treatment of a variety of mesenchymal cells (normal and transformed rat
      fibroblasts, bovine aortic endothelial cells, rabbit smooth muscle cells),
      exhibiting different cytoskeletal organizations and derived from several species,
      with doses of cytochalasin D (CD, 2-6 microM for 20 h) sufficient to induce
      cytoskeletal rearrangement and altered cellular morphology results in an increase
      in the relative content and rate of synthesis of actin. These data extend our
      previous findings for HEp-2 cells to other cell types and provide further
      evidence for our hypothesis that the CD-induced cytoskeletal reorganization
      triggers stimulation of actin synthesis and the resulting increase in actin
      content.

PMID- 4040817
TI  - [Postural development of premature neonates up to the 40th week after birth].

PMID- 4040818
TI  - Estrogen and tamoxifen induced cytoskeletal changes in breast cancer cells.
AB  - The MCF-7 and CG-5 breast carcinoma cell lines were grown under different
      concentrations of estrogen and with or without the addition of tamoxifen to the
      media. Similar results were obtained with either cell lines. Cells cultured in
      estrogen-supplemented medium showed a marked change of the cell shape with the
      appearance of long projections sprouting from the cell body, adhesion areas being
      localized at the tips of these projections. A redistribution of bundles of
      prekeratin and actin fibres could be visualized by appropriate immuno
      cytochemical procedures. Vimentin intermediate filaments and microtubules did not
      appear significantly modified by hormone conditioning. Tamoxifen treatment
      resulted in structural and cytoskeletal changes similar to those observed in
      estrogen stimulated cells. These data indicate that the shape and the
      cytoskeletal architecture of breast cancer cells can be conditioned by hormone
      treatment.

PMID- 4040819
TI  - Neutral and acidic antitumor polysaccharides extracted from cultured fruit bodies
      of Grifola frondosa.

PMID- 4040820
TI  - Cholagogic and antiulcer effect of saussureae radix and its active components.

PMID- 4040821
TI  - Verapamil-induced improvement in left ventricular diastolic filling and increased
      exercise tolerance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: short- and long
      term effects.
AB  - Verapamil improves exercise tolerance and decreases symptoms in many patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The mechanisms responsible for these effects
      are not completely understood, although previous studies indicate that verapamil
      enhances left ventricular relaxation and diastolic filling in such patients. To
      investigate the association between changes in left ventricular filling and
      exercise tolerance after verapamil, we studied 55 patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy by radionuclide angiography and graded treadmill testing before
      and after 1 to 4 weeks of therapy with orally administered verapamil, 320 to 640
      mg/d. The verapamil-induced increase in peak left ventricular filling rate at
      rest (from 3.1 +/- 1.3 to 3.7 +/- 1.3 end-diastolic volumes/sec; p less than
      .001) was associated with an increase in exercise tolerance (from 5.9 +/- 3.6 to
      8.7 +/- 4.7 min; p less than .001); exercise capacity increased in 34 of 43
      patients (79%) manifesting an increase in peak filling rate but only one of 12
      patients (8%) with unchanged or decreased peak filling rate (p less than .001).
      This initial trend persisted in 25 patients studied after 1 year of therapy; 11
      of 16 patients (69%) with a persistent increase in peak filling rate had
      persistent improvement in exercise tolerance relative to preverapamil values,
      compared with only one of nine patients (11%) in whom peak filling rate was
      unchanged or decreased relative to preverapamil levels (p less than .02).
      Verapamil withdrawal after 1 to 2 years in 24 patients resulted in reduction in
      peak filling rate (p less than .001) and was associated with deterioration in
      exercise tolerance in 17 patients (71%). Hence, verapamil-induced changes in left
      ventricular peak filling rate were associated significantly with objective
      symptomatic improvement. These data support the concept that enhanced left
      ventricular diastolic filling is an important mechanism contributing to the
      clinical improvement experienced by many patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy during therapy with verapamil.

PMID- 4040822
TI  - Surgery of chronic adhesive otitis media.
AB  - The results of tympanoplasty operations in 55 ears with chronic adhesive otitis
      media were analysed. In 34% of the ears, the tympanic cavity was found to be
      aerated on follow-up examination. Hearing improved significantly in only 13 ears
      (24%). There were severe complications of surgery in two ears (3.6%): one ear
      became totally deaf and an iatrogenic cholesteatoma developed in the other.
      Because of these poor results, tympanoplasty is not recommended in the treatment
      of chronic adhesive otitis media.

PMID- 4040823
TI  - Guadalajara camptodactyly syndrome type II.
AB  - Two sisters and an unrelated girl presented a distinct intrauterine growth
      retardation-malformation syndrome with short stature, microcephaly, pectus
      excavatum, hip dislocation, hypoplastic pubic region and genitalia,
      camptodactyly, talipes, shortened 2nd toes, hypoplastic patella and skeletal
      dysplasia probably due to homozygosity from an autosomal recessive gene.

PMID- 4040824
TI  - Paracentric inversions in man.
AB  - Two new cases of familial paracentric inversions, 46,XY,inv(3)(p21.1p25) and
      46,XY,inv(7) (q22.3q36.1) are presented. A review of published cases suggests
      that prenatal diagnosis for carriers of paracentric inversions is not warranted.
      However, care must be exercised in eliminating the possibility of insertions.

PMID- 4040825
TI  - Mechanism of action of natriuretic fraction of urine.
AB  - The nature of calcium dependence of natriuretic fraction (NF)-induced
      contractions in the rat smooth muscle anococcygeus and a possible correlation
      between the effect of NF on sodium transport and its natriuretic potency was
      investigated. NF and noradrenaline-induced contractions were partially dependent
      on external calcium concentration. Ouabain and potassium (K) free solution
      (KoPSS)-induced contractions were totally dependent on external calcium and were
      more effectively inhibited by calcium antagonists than those of NF and
      noradrenaline suggesting pharmacomechanical coupling as the mode of calcium
      dependence of NF. Like other agonists which contract by pharmacomechanical
      coupling, NF stimulated sodium transport (86rubidium uptake) in dog saphenous
      vein. Such stimulation correlated positively (r = 0.495, n = 17, P less than
      0.05) with the natriuretic potency of NF. NF, like noradrenaline, contracts
      smooth muscle by pharmacomechanical coupling and NF-induced natriuresis is
      associated with stimulation of the sodium pump.

PMID- 4040826
TI  - Retarded development of hypertension in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive
      rats following chronic alcohol consumption.
AB  - The influence of chronic alcohol consumption on blood pressure was examined in
      normotensive Wistar/Kyoto rats (WKY) and in stroke-prone spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR-SP). Ethanol, administered in drinking water from 5 weeks
      of age to produce moderate blood alcohol levels, substantially retarded the
      development of hypertension in SHR-SP and caused a mild reduction of blood
      pressure in WKY. Alcohol withdrawal caused an acute rise in blood pressure in
      both strains, followed by a reduction to the subnormal levels previously induced
      by alcohol treatment. This sustained antihypertensive effect of alcohol was not
      attributable to reductions of body weight or fluid intake.

PMID- 4040827
TI  - Progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation. Report of a case.
AB  - A 9-year-old girl suffering from progressive fluctuating dystonia is reported.
      Some problems of diagnosis are discussed. The differential diagnosis is described
      and a comparison is made with cases from the literature.

PMID- 4040828
TI  - The use of scintigraphic studies in mid-ventricular obstructive cardiomyopathy to
      rule out pseudoaneurysm.
AB  - A "pseudo-pseudo" aneurysm of the left ventricle due to mid-ventricular
      obstruction from asymmetric septal hypertrophy is presented. A case of mid
      ventricular hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (MVHOCM) was evaluated by
      means of echocardiography, angiocardiography, gated cardiac blood pool scanning,
      and a TI-201 myocardial scan. The gated cardiac blood pool scan appearance of
      MVHOCM is similar to pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle. TI-201 myocardial
      imaging, however, was able to distinguish between MVHOCM and pseudoaneurysm of
      the left ventricle.

PMID- 4040829
TI  - Cholescintigraphic abnormality in a case of Kawasaki syndrome.
AB  - A 26-month-old girl with Kawasaki syndrome (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) is
      presented. Liver function studies were abnormal and sonographic examination
      revealed hydrops of the gallbladder. The Tc-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy
      demonstrated both early and delayed nonvisualization of the gallbladder. A
      photopenic area was noted in and below the gallbladder fossa and there was medial
      and upward displacement of the common bile duct. It appears that Kawasaki
      syndrome may result in nonvisualization of the gallbladder by cholescintigraphy.
      Accordingly, this diagnosis should be added to the list of conditions associated
      with nonvisualization of the gallbladder by biliary scintigraphy.

PMID- 4040830
TI  - Diagnosis of Caroli's disease by technetium-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy. Report
      of three cases.
AB  - Three patients in whom Caroli's disease was diagnosed by cholangiographic methods
      were studied by scintigraphy with Tc-99m DISIDA. Cholescintigrams showed an
      intense concentration of the radionuclide in the form of round spots near the
      hepatic hilus in late images. In two patients with cholestasis, a delayed hepatic
      clearance of the radionuclide was observed, which improved when the exploration
      was performed after a choledocoduodenostomy. Tc-99m DISIDA is not only a good
      noninvasive method to diagnose Caroli's disease, but also a useful technique to
      evaluate the patency of the biliary tree during the follow-up of such patients.

PMID- 4040831
TI  - Structure of the lower urinary tract and pelvic floor.

PMID- 4040832
TI  - Urodynamics of the lower urinary tract.
AB  - The symptoms associated with voiding disorders and incontinence in female
      patients are notoriously misleading. Even experienced urodynamicists are unable
      to achieve a 50% success rate for predictive diagnosis based on symptoms and
      physical examination in any group expect pure stress incontinence. Urodynamic
      studies are an essential part of the investigative sequence required to make an
      accurate diagnosis. If this is not made, treatment will be empirical and the
      success of therapy correspondingly disappointing. The advent of urodynamic
      investigations has allowed a more rational approach to treatment, with documented
      improvement in the success of therapy. However, our precise understanding of the
      pathophysiology of incontinence and voiding disorders remains incomplete.
      Nevertheless, a systematic scheme of investigation, using standardized record
      keeping and urodynamic techniques, allows an accurate diagnosis in most patients.
      It is essential that additional testing should be performed when the urodynamic
      investigations fail to explain the patient's complaints. It is hoped that
      advanced techniques, and, in particular, the electrophysiological approach, may
      provide the explanation for phenomena as yet ill understood, such as bladder
      instability. The chapter outlines the importance of a thorough basic assessment
      of each female patient with a symptomatic enquiry guided by urodynamic insight
      and a careful physical examination. The basic techniques of flow studies,
      cystometry, both filling and voiding, and urethral profilometry are described.
      The more complex and difficult electrophysiological tests are outlined.

PMID- 4040833
TI  - Resting and stress urethral pressures as a clinical guide to the mechanism of
      continence.

PMID- 4040834
TI  - Pathophysiology of stress incontinence.

PMID- 4040835
TI  - Stress incontinence: why and how operations work.
AB  - We still remain uncertain of the precise mode of cure produced by many continence
      procedures. In achieving a cure, some operations produce unacceptable side
      effects of urge incontinence and voiding difficulty. True comparison of results
      of different procedures cannot be made until both subjective and objective
      results are presented, the criteria for patient entry are documented, and
      randomized studies, using matched patients as far as possible (taking into
      account factors such as the patient's age, parity and past history of bladder
      neck operations), are carried out. A follow up for at least two years and
      preferably five years is necessary. Because more than one factor may act to cause
      USI, operations need to be selective, bearing that in mind that a schematic
      approach is needed to match the operation with the pathophysiology or anatomical
      lesion responsible for incontinence.

PMID- 4040836
TI  - Abdominal procedures for stress incontinence.

PMID- 4040837
TI  - Operative injury to the lower urinary tract.

PMID- 4040838
TI  - Persistent pulmonary hypertension in a very low birthweight preterm infant.
AB  - Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN) characteristically is
      seen in full-term or postterm infants. Occasionally, PPHN complicates the course
      of hyaline membrane disease in preterm infants. This report documents the unusual
      occurrence of PPHN in a preterm very low birthweight infant without apparent
      pulmonary parenchymal disease.

PMID- 4040839
TI  - [Undesirable and toxic side effects of medicinal plants].

PMID- 4040840
TI  - Combined electroconvulsive and drug therapy.

PMID- 4040841
TI  - Isoelectric focusing studies of aldehyde dehydrogenases from mouse tissues:
      variant phenotypes of liver, stomach and testis isozymes.
AB  - Isoelectric focusing techniques (IEF) were used to examine the tissue
      distribution and genetic variability of aldehyde dehydrogenases (AHDs) from
      inbred strains of mice. Twelve zones of AHD activity were resolved which were
      differentially distributed between tissues. Liver extracts exhibited highest
      activity for most enzymes, with the exception of isozymes found in stomach (AHD
      4) and testis (AHD-4 and AHD-6). Genetic variants for AHD-1 (liver mitochondrial
      isozyme) and AHD-4 (stomach isozyme) were examined from inbred strains and F1
      hybrid animals. The results were consistent with dimeric subunit structures
      (designated as A2 and D2 isozymes respectively). IEF patterns for activity
      variants of testis-specific AHD-6 were identical, with 3-banded phenotypes being
      observed. pI values for the AHD forms as well as for aldehyde oxidase and
      xanthine oxidase isozymes, which stain in the absence of coenzyme, were reported.

PMID- 4040842
TI  - Actin in polygonal arrays of microfilaments and sequestered actin bundles (SABs)
      in lens epithelial cells of rabbits and mice.
AB  - The pattern of localization of actin filaments was compared in whole mounts of
      lens epithelium of rabbit and mouse using the fluorescently-labeled actin
      specific probe, rhodamine-phalloidin. In the adult rabbit lens, fluorescent
      polygonal arrays consisting of central vertices and interconnecting filaments
      were present in the apical end of each epithelial cell. Electron microscopy
      confirmed that these arrays lined the cytoplasmic side of the apical membrane. In
      the mature adult mouse, polygonal arrays were not seen either with fluorescence
      or electron microscopy. Instead, the actin was packaged in a single, elongated,
      often curved bundle near the epithelial cell apex, referred to as a "sequestered
      actin bundle" or SAB. The SAB often appeared attached to the plasma membrane and
      to approach the perinuclear basket of microfilaments. The significance of the
      differences in these two patterns of actin is discussed in terms of differences
      in the accommodative ability and static lens shape in these two animals.

PMID- 4040843
TI  - [The laser and digestive tumors. Study of 280 cases and presentation of a film].

PMID- 4040844
TI  - Ulcerative colitis complicated by idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy
      with bullous retinal detachment.
AB  - A 44-year-old woman, hospitalized with severe diarrhea due to ulcerative colitis,
      was found to have a rare ocular complication, idiopathic central serous
      chorioretinopathy with bullous retinal detachment. The ocular symptom started
      with the flare-up of the ulcerative colitis. Steroid therapy was not effective on
      the ocular disorder, while her ulcerative colitis became dormant. Relationship
      between the two disorders is discussed.

PMID- 4040845
TI  - Biochemical and behavioral changes in rats during and after chronic d-amphetamine
      exposure.
AB  - Two groups of rats were implanted with ALZET minipumps to deliver vehicle or a
      theoretical amount of 1 mg/kg per h of d-amphetamine (A) for 12 days. After 3
      days of A-exposure, motor movements and stereotypic behavior were markedly
      increased. Subsequent testing during A-exposure showed that motor movements and
      stereotypic behavior remained significantly increased but declined. After removal
      of the pumps, these effects disappeared and no differences at rest, during stress
      or A challenge, were apparent in either group. Animals sacrificed after 3 days of
      drug exposure, showed a drastic decrease in cardiac, but not adrenal,
      catecholamine levels. In the brain, norepinephrine (NE) levels were markedly
      decreased in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus, caudate, pons-medulla and
      cerebellum. Epinephrine (E) levels were unaffected and dopamine (DA) levels were
      decreased in most areas without reaching statistical significance. Plasma
      corticosterone levels were similar in both groups. Animals in both groups
      sacrificed about 25 days after pump removal were biochemically similar. Under our
      conditions, A-exposure produced marked behavioral and biochemical changes but
      there was no evidence of residual abnormalities after cessation of drug
      treatment.

PMID- 4040846
TI  - The effects of soy flour and N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine on the pancreas of
      the hamster.
AB  - Syrian golden hamsters fed diets of raw or heated soy flour for 16 months had an
      incidence (4%) of pancreatic neoplasms in both groups. Animals injected with N
      nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine (BOP) and fed heated soy flour for 15 months
      developed a high incidence (88%) of microscopic benign and malignant neoplasms,
      primarily of ductal origin. This was in marked contrast to a similar group of BOP
      injected animals which had been fed raw soy flour and in which the incidence of
      pancreatic neoplasms was less than 10%.

PMID- 4040847
TI  - [Vital capillary microscopic examination and transcutaneous pO2-measurements by
      intravenous prostaglandin E1 infusion].
AB  - The ability of a single i. v. application of 40 micrograms alprostadil (PGE1,
      mean therapeutic dose 0.62 microgram/kg body weight) to cause changes in
      capillary microscopy parameters and tcpO2 was investigated in an open study in 15
      patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease, Fontaine stage II-IV (8
      women and 7 men, average age 70.1 and 70.0 years, respectively). Capillary
      microscopy investigations and oxygen tension measurements were carried out before
      and immediately after i. v. infusion of PGE1 or a 5% solution of laevulose using
      an intra-individual comparison. PGE1 led to an increase in the number of
      erythrocyte-filled capillaries per mm2, an improvement in the initial condition
      of the capillaries evaluated according to Fagrell and to a significant increase
      in the tcpO2, whereas no haemodynamic changes occurred at all after laevulose.
      These findings substantiate the view that PGE1 is also effective when applied
      intravenously distal from the arterial occlusion.

PMID- 4040848
TI  - The ontogeny of biologically active androgen-binding protein in rat plasma,
      testis, and epididymis.
AB  - Androgen-binding protein (ABP) can be detected in the blood of sexually immature
      male rats by its ability to specifically bind [3H]5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5
      alpha-DHT). Since the androgen-binding site is functional, we consider this ABP
      to be biologically active. ABP can be detected (641 +/- 107 ng/ml; n = 5) in
      plasma by the 15th day of postnatal life, it reaches a maximum concentration
      (1631 +/- 323 ng/ml; n = 5) on day 20 of age, and is no longer detectable after
      day 40. ABP can be detected in the testes of all age groups studied (15 days to
      adult). However, no ABP is detectable in the epididymis until the animals are 25
      days old. Plasma ABP comigrates on nondenaturing gels with photolabeled ABP from
      the adult or immature rat epididymis. Serum that had been treated with Affigel
      blue to remove albumin and with hydroxylapatite to decolorize it was photolabeled
      using [3H]17 beta-hydroxy-4,6-androstadien-3-one. Photolabeled serum ABP migrated
      on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate as 60,000 and 48,000
      dalton androgen-specific peaks. In contrast, photolabeled adult epididymal ABP
      exhibited the 47,000 and 41,000 dalton peaks characteristic of ABP subunits. When
      photolabeled plasma and epididymal ABP were combined and electrophoresed on the
      same gel under denaturing conditions, prominent 60,000 and 47,000 dalton peaks
      were obtained, indicating that the two species of ABP retained their identities
      when combined. Photolabeled epididymal ABP from 25-day-old rats exhibited similar
      subunit mol wt in the same ratios as ABP from the adult. When epididymal ABP from
      the two age groups was combined and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the resulting pattern was identical to that
      obtained when the samples were run individually, except that there was an
      increase in peak height. These data indicated that there is no significant
      difference in the subunit mol wt of epididymal ABP from the two age groups.

PMID- 4040849
TI  - Identification of androgen-binding protein from testis cytosol and sertoli cell
      culture medium of the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis.
AB  - The biochemical and immunological properties of monkey androgen-binding protein
      (mABP) from the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis, have been examined in
      testis cytosol and medium of primary Sertoli cell-enriched cultures. mABP in
      testis tissue was separated from the serum protein testosterone-estradiol-binding
      globulin (mTeBG) by affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose (Con A).
      mTeBG from serum extracts was completely retained by the lectin and could be
      displaced with buffer containing alpha-methyl-D-glucoside. In contrast, mABP from
      testis extracts either did not interact with the Con A and appeared in the void
      volume or was partially retained by the column and could be eluted with buffer
      alone. A third component retained by the Con A may represent mTeBG contamination,
      a form of mABP which binds to Con A, or both. The specific 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-binding activity in the void volume of the Con A column
      was designated mABP and was further studied. [3H]DHT binding to mABP was
      saturable and of limited capacity (0.163 +/- 19 pmol/mg protein). Scatchard
      analysis of the data was consistent with a single class of binding sites with an
      apparent dissociation constant (Kd) at 4 C of 2.6 +/- 0.2 X 10(-9) M. DHT was the
      most effective competitor of [3H]DHT binding to mABP, followed by 2
      methoxyestradiol, testosterone, estradiol, and cyproterone acetate. Concentrated
      Sertoli cell culture medium subjected to steady state polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis produced a single peak of specifically bound [3H]DHT with a
      mobility similar to that of other androgen-binding proteins. [35S]Methionine
      labeled medium proteins were immunoprecipitated with a rabbit anti-human TeBG
      antiserum. Two bands, corresponding to mol wt of approximately 46,000 and 48,000,
      were observed by fluorography, with the lighter component being more intense.
      After androgen affinity chromatography of radiolabeled medium proteins, these two
      bands were again observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea-containing
      polyacrylamide gels. These results demonstrate that 1) mABP may be separated from
      mTeBG by lectin affinity chromatography, as in humans; 2) hTeBG and mABP are
      antigenically related; and 3) mABP consists of subunits of different mol wt in
      unequal ratios.

PMID- 4040850
TI  - Messenger ribonucleic acid from tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of
      malignancy directs the synthesis of a secretory parathyroid hormone-like peptide.
AB  - Previous studies have provided evidence that tumors associated with humoral
      hypercalcemia of malignancy produce a factor that shares certain biological
      properties with, but is not, native PTH. In the present study, media from Xenopus
      oocytes microinjected with polyadenylated RNA prepared from three human or animal
      tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy are shown to have
      activity in the cytochemical bioassay for PTH. This activity parallels that of
      the PTH standard in the assay and is completely inhibited by the PTH analog
      [Nle8,Nle18,Tyr34]bovine PTH-(3-34)NH2. Media from oocytes injected with mRNA
      from control tumors contain no such activity. The mRNA encoding this activity in
      one of the animal tumors has been enriched approximately 10-fold by preparative
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results demonstrate that tumors
      associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy have the capacity for
      directing the synthesis of a secretory protein that fulfills certain criteria for
      being the humoral mediator in question. These techniques may provide the basis
      for molecular cloning of this factor.

PMID- 4040851
TI  - Production of plasminogen activator by migrating cephalic neural crest cells.
AB  - Neural crest cells migrate extensively during embryonic development and
      differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. Our working hypothesis is that
      during migration, embryonic cells secrete proteases which modify local
      microenvironments, thereby facilitating directed cellular movements. In this
      communication, we report studies on the migration of cephalic neural crest cells
      in the avian embryo. We demonstrate that these cells produce high levels of the
      serine protease, plasminogen activator (PA), at the time of their initial
      migration from the neural tube and during their migration to and colonization of
      the developing head and neck.

PMID- 4040852
TI  - Recognition site of nuclear factor I, a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein
      from HeLa cells that stimulates adenovirus DNA replication.
AB  - Nuclear factor I is a 47-kd protein, isolated from nuclei of HeLa cells, that
      binds specifically to the inverted terminal repeat of the adenovirus (Ad) DNA and
      enhances Ad DNA replication in vitro. We have studied the DNA sequence
      specificity of nuclear factor I binding using cloned terminal fragments of the
      Ad2 genome and a set of deletion mutants. Binding of nuclear factor I protects
      nucleotides 19-42 of Ad2 DNA against DNase I digestion. Filter binding assays
      show that deletion of the first 23 nucleotides does not impair binding while a
      deletion of 24 nucleotides reduces binding severely. However, binding studies on
      Ad12 DNA indicate that nucleotide 24 can be mutated. Fragments containing the
      first 40 bp are bound normally while the first 38 bp are insufficient to sustain
      binding. Taken together, these results indicate that the minimal recognition site
      of nuclear factor I contains 15 or 16 nucleotides, located from nucleotide 25 to
      nucleotide 39 or 40 of the Ad2 DNA. This site contains two of the four conserved
      nucleotide sequences in this region. Sequences flanking the minimal recognition
      site may reduce the binding affinity of nuclear factor I. In accordance with
      these binding studies, DNA replication of a fragment that carries the sequence of
      the terminal 40 nucleotides of Ad2 at one molecular end is enhanced by nuclear
      factor I in an in vitro replication system.

PMID- 4040854
TI  - Comments on "Purification and properties of plasminogen activators from
      epithelial cells", by A. Electricwala and T. Atkinson.

PMID- 4040853
TI  - Repetitive zinc-binding domains in the protein transcription factor IIIA from
      Xenopus oocytes.
AB  - The 7S particle of Xenopus laevis oocytes contains 5S RNA and a 40-K protein
      which is required for 5S RNA transcription in vitro. Proteolytic digestion of the
      protein in the particle yields periodic intermediates spaced at 3-K intervals and
      a limit digest containing 3-K fragments. The native particle is shown to contain
      7-11 zinc atoms. These data suggest that the protein contains repetitive zinc
      binding domains. Analysis of the amino acid sequence reveals nine tandem similar
      units, each consisting of approximately 30 residues and containing two invariant
      pairs of cysteines and histidines, the most common ligands for zinc. The linear
      arrangement of these repeated, independently folding domains, each centred on a
      zinc ion, comprises the major part of the protein. Such a structure explains how
      this small protein can bind to the long internal control region of the 5S RNA
      gene, and stay bound during the passage of an RNA polymerase molecule.

PMID- 4040855
TI  - Multiplicity in cellulases of Schizophyllum commune. Derivation partly from
      heterogeneity in transcription and glycosylation.
AB  - The white-rot fungus, Schizophyllum commune, secretes a member of each of three
      classes of cellulases: a beta-glucosidase, an exoglucanase, and an endoglucanase.
      Antibodies were developed to members of each of these three enzyme classes.
      Secretion of these cellulases is induced when a mycelium is transferred from a
      glucose to cellulose medium. The maximum level of cellulase transcripts, as
      indicated by the ability to direct biosynthesis of these cellulases in the rabbit
      reticulocyte cell-free translation system, occurred when the rate of secretion
      was maximum. This implied that initial regulation, at least, of cellulase
      biosynthesis occurs at the transcriptional level. There were two distinct mRNA
      directed products for each of the cellulases, with sizes estimated to be, for the
      beta-glucosidase, 95700 and 93800, for the exoglucanase, 59300 and 58200, and for
      the carboxymethylcellulase, 40600 and 39400. The secreted cellulases are largely
      glycosylated, as indicated by their binding to concanavalin A and their
      incorporation of D-[3H]mannose. The labelled protein was fractionated on
      concanavalin-A-agarose; about 70% of the label was bound. A small amount of each
      of the cellulases appeared in the unbound fraction; the remainder appeared in
      fractions eluted with 10 mM methyl glucoside or with 100 mM methyl glucoside plus
      500 mM methyl mannoside. These results indicated each of the cellulases had an
      additional heterogeneity in glycosylation, with the most heavily glycosylated and
      highest molecular weight form eluting last from the concanavalin-A-agarose.
      Although tunicamycin (5 micrograms/ml) blocked glycosylation, there was still
      some secretion but at a reduced rate which was more pronounced for the beta
      glucosidase than for the carboxymethylcellulase activity. The size of the
      tunicamycin-secreted product in each case was, within experimental error,
      equivalent to that of the mRNA-directed one.

PMID- 4040856
TI  - Modulation of adenylate cyclase of human platelets by phorbol ester. Impairment
      of the hormone-sensitive inhibitory pathway.
AB  - The influence of the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a
      direct activator of the Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase
      (protein kinase C), was studied on regulation of human platelet adenylate
      cyclase. Intact platelets were pretreated with the phorbol ester and, thereafter,
      membranes were prepared and the regulation of the hormone-sensitive adenylate
      cyclase in these membranes was studied. The following data were obtained: The TPA
      treatment applied had apparently no effect on the activity of the catalytic
      moiety of the platelet adenylate cyclase nor on the stimulatory NS protein nor on
      stimulatory hormone receptors (prostaglandin E1) and the mutual interactions of
      these components of the stimulatory hormone-sensitive pathway. However, the TPA
      treatment of intact platelets largely impaired the GTP-dependent, hormone
      sensitive inhibitory pathway to the adenylate cyclase, involving the inhibitory
      Ni protein. The pretreatment led to a large reduction or loss of adenylate
      cyclase inhibition by GTP itself and by the inhibitory agonists, epinephrine and
      thrombin, inhibiting the untreated enzyme via separate receptors by an Ni
      mediated process. In contrast, platelet adenylate cyclase inhibition not
      involving the Ni protein was not affected by the TPA treatment. The observed
      effects of TPA were very rapid in onset and were not shared by a derivative of
      TPA which did not activate protein kinase C. The data obtained suggest than
      protein kinase C activated by the phorbol ester interferes with the platelet
      adenylate cyclase system, leading to a specific alteration of the Ni-protein
      mediated signal transduction to the adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 4040858
TI  - Polychemotherapeutic treatment for ovarian carcinoma (our experience).
AB  - Since September 1980 to June 1983 we have treated 32 patients with ovarian
      cancer. Most patients were submitted to time polychemotherapy cyclophosphamide,
      adriamycin and cis-platinum. The maximum of survival time was 24 months; six
      patients died; the period of survival of the remaining 24 patients is between 2
      and months.

PMID- 4040857
TI  - Microlipid droplets in milk secreting mammary epithelial cells: evidence that
      they originate from endoplasmic reticulum and are precursors of milk lipid
      globules.
AB  - Microlipid droplets, structures with diameters less than 0.5 micron, resemble
      larger cytoplasmic lipid droplets of milk secreting mammary epithelial cells in
      triacylglycerol core and surface coat composition. Previously, evidence was
      obtained that microlipid droplets fuse with and support growth of cytoplasmic
      lipid droplets, which are immediate precursors of large milk lipid globules.
      Morphological observations suggested that microlipid droplets may also be
      secreted directly from mammary epithelial cells, yielding the very small lipid
      globules of milk. The secretion mechanism, which involves envelopment of
      triacylglycerol droplets in apical plasma membrane, appeared to be the same for
      microlipid droplets as for larger cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Microlipid droplets
      appeared to originate by blebbing from cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. By
      immunogold cytochemical localization and by immunological identification of
      electrophoretically separated polypeptides, endoplasmic reticulum, micro- and
      cytoplasmic lipid droplets, and milk lipid globules had a number of common
      polypeptides. Kinetics of incorporation of radiolabeled palmitate or glycerol
      into triacylglycerols and phospholipids were consistent with a possible
      endoplasmic reticulum origin of microlipid droplets and with the view that
      microlipid droplets may be secreted directly from the cell or may fuse with
      cytoplasmic lipid droplets.

PMID- 4040859
TI  - Combined common bile duct and gastric outlet obstruction demonstrated during
      hepatobiliary scintigraphy.
AB  - A 64-year-old man presented with jaundice. Hepatobiliary imaging using 99mTc
      DISIDA revealed complete hepatobiliary tract obstruction with a photopenic area
      corresponding to a dilated gallbladder and a large photopenic region
      corresponding to a distended stomach as a result of gastric outlet obstruction.
      At surgery, carcinoma of the head of the pancreas was found to be the cause of
      the combined common bile duct and gastric outlet obstruction.

PMID- 4040860
TI  - In vitro plasma binding of some second generation antitumor platinum complexes.
AB  - The kinetics of five cisplatin analogs binding to human plasma fractions
      possessing a molecular weight greater than 50,000 daltons were studied. Each drug
      solution in plasma ultrafiltrate or phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4, mu = 0.154) was
      mixed with human plasma and filterable platinum concentrations were measured
      versus time by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The only Pt IV compound
      studied did not bind. All the other Pt II complexes bound, but their binding
      kinetics were quite different. The experimental data were fitted to a theoretical
      equation based on the hypothesis that plasma nucleophilic agents possessing a
      molecular weight greater than 50,000 daltons are able to react with Pt compounds
      with an apparent second order rate constant. The apparent reaction rate constants
      and initial concentrations of these nucleophilic agents were calculated. The
      difference between the respective values obtained for each cisplatin analog could
      be explained by differences in their chemical formulas. Therefore our result
      should contribute towards a better understanding of the pharmacokinetics of the
      cisplatin analogs studied.

PMID- 4040861
TI  - Six-month chemotherapy for urogenital tuberculosis.
AB  - Rifampicin (RMP, 600 mg), isoniazid (INH, 300 mg) and pyrazinamide (PZA, 1,000
      mg) administered daily in the hospital for a duration of 2 months was followed at
      home by daily administration of 600 mg RMP and 300 mg INH for a duration of 4
      months. 113 patients with previously untreated and bacteriologically proven
      urogenital tuberculosis were admitted to the study. Therapy was completed and
      evaluated in 106 (94%) patients. No failure of chemotherapy was observed during
      the treatment; one bacteriologically proven relapse occurred after completion of
      treatment within the 45- to 63-month follow-up. This 6-month chemotherapy seems
      as efficient as the standard treatment which lasted for 18-24 months.

PMID- 4040862
TI  - A new colpocystourethropexy for female stress urinary incontinence.
AB  - A new technique for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence is
      described. It consists of colposuspension obtained by suprapubic placement of two
      double monofilament sutures in a spiral fashion on the lateral vaginal walls,
      which are fixed proximally to a Cooper's ligament and tied distally one to the
      other over the rectus fascia. This technique has been successfully employed in a
      preliminary series of 26 patients and it appears to be easy to perform and with a
      wide application range.

PMID- 4040863
TI  - Phytohemagglutinin-induced changes in tyrosine protein kinase and its endogenous
      substrates in human lymphocytes.
AB  - We have measured changes in tyrosine protein kinase activity in the particulate
      and soluble fractions of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes
      using a synthetic tyrosine-containing peptide as substrate. Following PHA
      stimulation, the activity of this enzyme remained stable for 24 h and then fell
      sharply in both fractions. Phosphorylation of endogenous substrates was also
      studied by gel electrophoresis of the same subcellular preparations which had
      been incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. Gels were treated with alkali to hydrolyse
      phosphoserine, dried and autoradiographed. In the particulate fraction from
      resting lymphocytes, two prominent bands were labelled, one of 55-60 kD and
      another of 38 kD. Direct analysis showed that these proteins were labelled
      largely on tyrosine residues. The 38 kD band became less intensely labelled 24 h
      following PHA addition, and had disappeared by 72 h. Two new bands appeared at
      this time: a 42 kD band which was phosphorylated mostly on threonine and a 32 kD
      band phosphorylated on tyrosine. The 55-60 kD band remained unchanged up to 96 h
      following PHA addition. The final band pattern in stimulated lymphocytes
      resembled that of the malignant T lymphoblastic cell line JM1. Our data suggest
      that tyrosine protein kinases in resting lymphocytes are part of a mechanism
      which transduces external growth signals to the cell interior, and that this
      mechanism is inactivated once the signal has been transmitted. The pattern of
      endogenous substrates which are phosphorylated on tyrosine and threonine residues
      in the malignant T lymphoblastic cell lines JM1 is likely to be characteristic of
      proliferating T lymphoid cells rather than of the malignant state, since similar
      bands appear in normal lymphocytes upon PHA stimulation.

PMID- 4040864
TI  - Casein production during differentiation of mammary epithelial cells in collagen
      gel culture.
AB  - Mouse mammary epithelial cells cultivated on floating collagen gels secrete, as
      judged by immunoblotting, the full array of caseins found in mouse milk. The
      secreted caseins are all phosphorylated and have estimated minimum molecular
      weights (MWs) of 45, 40, 27, and 23 kD in SDS-PAGE. Intracellular caseins of
      epithelia from collagen gel cultivation or from lactating mammary glands are a
      combination of mature caseins identical with the secreted molecules and novel
      caseins whose apparent size in SDS-PAGE is different from the secreted molecules.
      The novel caseins were shown to be non-phosphorylated species apparently
      insufficiently mature for secretion. Our data indicate that, with regard to
      casein expression, cultivation of mouse mammary epithelia on collagen gels
      essentially duplicates their behavior in the lactating mouse mammary glands.

PMID- 4040865
TI  - Microvillar elongation following parthenogenetic activation of sea urchin eggs.
AB  - Parthenogenetic activation of unfertilized sea urchin eggs with ammonium chloride
      at pH 8.0 resulted in a slow, but dramatic, reorganization of surface microvilli
      in four species of sea urchin eggs. Following NH4Cl treatment, elongation of
      microvilli on the egg surface was observed concomitant with the formation of
      microfilament bundles within the microvillar cores. A minimum of 2 h of treatment
      was required for elongation and microfilament bundle formation to occur. The
      maintenance of elongated microvilli was pH-sensitive; removal of the activating
      agent resulted in the retraction of extended microvilli while readdition of NH4Cl
      caused microvilli to elongate again. Accompanying microvillar elongation in
      activated eggs, there was an increased calcium uptake as measured by 45Ca uptake.
      Blocking calcium uptake by incubation in lanthanum chloride or zero-calcium
      seawater containing 2 mM EGTA prevented microvillar elongation. These results
      suggested that elongation of microvilli following parthenogenetic activation by
      NH4Cl is pH- and calcium-dependent and is similar to that observed during normal
      fertilization.

PMID- 4040866
TI  - Microtubules, microfilaments and the transport of acetylcholine receptors in
      embryonic myotubes.
AB  - Both microtubules and microfilaments have been implicated in the exocytotic and
      endocytotic transport of coated and smooth surfaced membrane vesicles. We have
      reexamined this question by using specific pharmacological agents to disrupt
      these filaments and assess the effect on the movement of acetylcholine receptor
      (AChR) containing membrane vesicles in embryonic chick myotubes. Myotube cultures
      treated with nocodazole (0.6 microgram/ml) or colcemid (0.5 microgram/ml) (to
      disrupt microtubules) show only a 20-25% decrease in the number of cell surface
      AChRs after 48 h. Addition of chick brain extract (CBE) to cultured myotubes
      causes a significant increase in the total number of cell surface AChRs (measured
      by [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT) binding), thus providing us with a way to
      manipulate receptor and transport vesicle populations. Cultures treated with CBE
      plus nocodazole or colcemid show a 1.7-fold increase in AChR number over drug
      treatment alone, the same increase seen in cultures treated with CBE alone,
      although the total number remains about 20-25% less than that seen in control
      cultures. In cultures treated with cytochalasin D (0.2 microgram/ml) or
      dihydrocytochalasin B (5.0 micrograms/ml) (to disrupt microfilaments), 35 and 65%
      decreases in cell surface AChR number were seen after 48 h. However, in cultures
      treated with CBE and cytochalasin D, the same total number of AChRs was found as
      in cultures treated with CBE alone. No significant effects were seen with any of
      these drugs on the receptor incorporation rate (the appearance of new alpha-BGT
      binding sites) after 6 h. The half-life for AChRs in control cultures was 23.0 h.
      In cytochalasin D and dihydrocytochalasin B it was 21.9 and 19.0 h, respectively;
      with colcemid and nocodazole, it increased to 37.1 and 28.1 h. These results
      suggest that non-myofibrillar microfilament bundles are not involved in the
      movement of AChR-containing membrane vesicles; further, the small effects seen
      with microtubule inhibitors tend to rule out a major role for microtubules in
      this transport.

PMID- 4040867
TI  - The effects of several ion channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists on
      fertilization-induced acid release and 45Ca2+ uptake in sea urchin eggs.
AB  - The effects of calcium antagonists, diltiazem and verapamil, and calmodulin
      antagonists, chlorpromazine, N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
      hydrochloride (W-5) and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
      hydrochloride (W-7), were tested on two responses of the sea urchin egg to
      insemination: (1) H+ release; (2) Ca2+ uptake. It was found that calcium
      antagonists inhibited both processes, while calmodulin antagonists only inhibited
      H+ release but not Ca2+ uptake. Verapamil and diltiazem were effective to inhibit
      H+ release when added to the egg suspension up to 120 sec and W-7 was effective
      around 150 sec after insemination. Calcium antagonists became ineffective earlier
      than W-7 in inhibiting H+ release. A calmodulin-dependent step may thus occur
      linking the Ca2+ uptake and H+ release. 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'
      disulfonic acid (DIDS), an anion channel blocker, also inhibited both Ca2+ uptake
      and H+ release. This result suggests that an uptake of anion(s) occurs along with
      Ca2+ uptake.

PMID- 4040868
TI  - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis produces a muscular dystrophy-like
      myopathy.
AB  - Administration of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase to chicken embryos
      produced myopathies in their skeletal muscles which were characterized by
      ringbinden, hypercontraction, loss of Z disks, M bands, and thick and thin
      filaments. The effects of the inhibitors were reversed by administration of PGE1.
      The pathology of the myopathy induced in the chicken embryos was identical to
      that observed in human muscular dystrophy and had some features in common with
      other congenital myopathies. Altered prostaglandin function may therefore be
      directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of congenital myopathies.

PMID- 4040869
TI  - [Immunostimulating effects in the body induced by bonafton].
AB  - Study of the primary immune response in CBA mice which were injected with
      bonafton (1.5-3 mg/kg i.p.) for 3 days has revealed stimulation of antibody
      formation. The maximal effect as regards the humoral immune response has been
      recorded on the drug use in a dose of 2 mg/kg. It has been discovered that
      bonafton (1-3 mg/kg) also activated the cell immune response--delayed type
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 4040870
TI  - [Effect of bromocryptin on the alcohol consumption and catecholamine level in the
      brain of rats undergoing long-term alcoholization].
AB  - It has been established in experiments on rats subjected to long-term
      alcoholization that chronic administration of bromocryptin in small doses (1
      mg/kg) considerably minimizes ethanol consumption by animals. Reduction in
      alcoholic motivation correlates with normalization of the level of dopamine,
      decreased by chronic alcohol action in the rat hypothalamus and midbrain. The use
      of bromocryptin also prevents an increase in the dopamine content in the rat
      hypothalamus during alcohol withdrawal.

PMID- 4040872
TI  - Characterization of the chymotryptic core of the adenovirus DNA-binding protein.
AB  - A fragment of the DNA-binding protein of adenovirus type 5 has been obtained by
      controlled chymotryptic digestion of the entire molecule. Partial sequence
      determination indicates that the fragment consists of amino acids 174-525. The
      fragment is biologically active as measured by its ability to substitute for the
      entire molecule in a reconstituted DNA replication system. Crystals have been
      obtained that show diffraction to 2 A.

PMID- 4040871
TI  - [The significance of the central regulation of sexual behavior in experimental
      alcoholism in male white rats].
AB  - It has been shown that ethanol consumption by rats with a decreased activity of
      the brain zones, which regulate sexual behavior, declines but alcoholic
      motivation increases on destruction of the brain zones responsible for feeding
      behavior.

PMID- 4040873
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of distinct forms of tyrosine protein
      kinases from rat spleen.
AB  - Three peaks of tyrosine protein kinase activity (TK-I, TK-II and TK-III) can be
      resolved when the extract of rat spleen particulate fraction is subjected to DEAE
      cellulose gradient chromatography. TK-I and TK-II, insensitive to both EGF and
      insulin, have been further purified by Sephacryl S200 gel filtration and
      characterized. TK-I has an apparent mR of 65000, by far prefers Mn2+ over Mg2+ as
      activator, can use GTP besides ATP as phosphate donor and is stimulated 2-3-fold
      by polylysine. TK-II, whose mR approximates 50000, is equally activated by Mg2+
      and Mn2+, does not use GTP and is insensitive to polylysine. TK-I and TK-II can
      phosphorylate the synthetic peptide Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly (as
      well as its derivative with Orn in place of Arg), angiotensin II and poly(Glu,
      Tyr) 4:1 which exhibits different km values with TK-I and TK-II, (100 and 10
      microM, respectively). When TK-I was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP and MnCl2 a
      doublet of alkali-stable radiolabeled bands with molecular masses of 55 and 60
      kDa were observed. Under identical conditions TK-II gives rise to a single alkali
      stable radiolabeled band of 51 kDa, which may represent the autophosphorylation
      product of TK-II itself.

PMID- 4040874
TI  - Demonstration and characterization of alpha-human atrial natriuretic factor in
      human plasma.
AB  - This paper describes a highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for alpha
      human atrial natriuretic factor (alpha-hANF), the C-terminal 28-amino-acid
      residue portion of human prepro-ANF in human plasma. A novel extraction and
      prepurification procedure allowed for detection of levels of immunoreactive-alpha
      hANF as low as 0.5 fmol/ml. In normotensive subjects, levels in the range 1-23
      fmol/ml (mean = 8.9 fmol/ml) were found. Combined gel permeation and HPLC
      analysis demonstrated that this ir-alpha-hANF was comprised virtually exclusively
      of authentic 28-residue alpha-hANF. No evidence for occurrence of larger
      precursor forms in human plasma was acquired. A heterogenous group of
      hypertensive patients displayed considerably higher levels (mean = 62.2 fmol/ml),
      of interest in view of the hypotensive properties of ANF.

PMID- 4040875
TI  - Induction of histone H1(0) differs with different treatments among different cell
      lines.
AB  - Histone H1(0) is an H1 subfraction whose level on the chromatin is inversely
      correlated with the mitotic index of the cell. We investigated the increase in
      H1(0) in 6 cell lines when cell division was blocked by 4 methods: 5 mM butyrate,
      2% DMSO, serum withdrawal or density inhibition. The 6 cell lines (HeLa S1 and
      S3, CHO, 3T6, NIE-115 and Vero) responded differently to the treatments as
      regards the amount of increase in H1(0) and comparisons among the lines reveal no
      obvious similarities between the lines in the differential effects of the various
      treatments on H1(0) levels.

PMID- 4040876
TI  - [Effect of natriuretic factor on sodium secretion in the small intestine].
AB  - In dogs with Tiri-Vella fistula, the natriuretic factor increases the secretion
      of the intestinal fluid and its content of sodium. In rats with increased content
      of natriuretic factor, the water and sodium absorption diminishes in the
      intestine whereas the secretion of 22Na into the intestine lumen is increased.

PMID- 4040877
TI  - Comments regarding Dr. Johnston's editorial.

PMID- 4040878
TI  - [Effect of changes in diet composition on Pu-239 excretion from the body].

PMID- 4040879
TI  - [Evaluation of the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of hexachlorobutadiene].

PMID- 4040880
TI  - Effects of caffeine ingestion during pregnancy.
AB  - We studied the effects of caffeine ingestion during pregnancy. A total number of
      9,921 healthy pregnant women with a gestational age after 24 weeks were subjected
      to the study. The women who drank more than 5 cups of coffee per day had a high
      incidence of impending abortion, premature labor, and fetuses small for
      gestational age. The heavy coffee drinkers among the pregnant women had high
      rates of spontaneous abortion, chromosomal abnormality and congenital multi
      anomalies. However, we would like to stress that the multiple socioeconomic
      variables might be more important than any direct effect of caffeine.

PMID- 4040881
TI  - [Effects of NRGC-lesion on the rates of the development of morphine tolerance and
      dependence in rats].
AB  - The development of tolerance to and dependence on morphine over 1-8 days
      treatment with morphine were studied with time in rats in which the nucleus
      reticularis gigantocellularis (NRGC), including the nucleus reticularis
      paragigantocellularis, were electrically destructed. The NRGC of SD male rats was
      bilaterally lesioned (DC, 0.5 mA, 40 sec), and morphine analgesia was estimated
      by the tail flick method. Morphine analgesia in NRGC-destructed rats (D-rat) was
      reduced to about 50% of that in sham-operated rats (S-rat). The dose of morphine
      to produce equi-analgesia increased 2-21.8 times during 1-8 days treatment with
      morphine in S-rat. Throughout this period, ratios of the equi-analgesic dose in D
      rat to that in S-rat were almost the same, i.e., the rate of tolerance
      development to morphine analgesia in D-rat was to the same degree as that in S
      rat. Administration of naloxone after 1-6 days treatment with morphine elicited
      body weight loss and increase in plasma corticosterone (Pcs), degrees of which
      were dependent on the dose of naloxone or the period of morphine treatment. No
      difference in these abstinence signs were detected between S- and D-rat, i.e.,
      the rate of development of dependence on morphine in D-rat was to the same degree
      as that in S-rat. These results suggest that the NRGC participates in the
      development of morphine analgesia, but does not participate in the development of
      tolerance to and dependence on morphine.

PMID- 4040882
TI  - Prolactin response to morphine and stress in Brattleboro hetero- and homozygous
      rats.

PMID- 4040883
TI  - Comparison of spontaneous growth hormone secretion during daytime and sleep in
      children with short stature.
AB  - The authors compared diurnal growth hormone (GH) secretion with GH secretion
      during sleep in 24 children with delayed growth. In group I (children with normal
      response to provocative tests), the level of daytime secretion was lower than
      that of nocturnal secretion. In 3 of 9 cases, daytime secretion was abnormal,
      whereas nocturnal secretion was normal. In 2 cases, both diurnal and nocturnal
      secretion were abnormal, but response to provocative stimuli was normal. In group
      II (children with a false partial GH deficiency, i.e. with inadequate response to
      provocative tests, GH peak less than 11 ng/ml and normal nocturnal secretion),
      the results were comparable with those of group I, with extremely low diurnal
      secretion in 6 of 9 cases. In group III (children presenting true partial GH
      deficiency, i.e. GH less than 11 ng/ml in response to provocative tests together
      with abnormal nocturnal secretion), both diurnal and nocturnal GH secretion were
      insufficient, with nonexistent diurnal secretion in 5 of 6 cases. Diurnal
      secretion does not seem to be a reliable indicator of 24-hour spontaneous
      secretion.

PMID- 4040884
TI  - The human spleen; a histological study in splenectomy specimens embedded in
      methylmethacrylate.
AB  - In a series of 316 surgically removed spleens, a histological and supportive
      immunohistological study was performed on methylmethacrylate sections. The
      structure of the human white and red pulp differs from the rat spleen in many
      respects, e.g. the human lacks the marginal sinus and the architecture of the
      periarteriolar lymph sheath seen in the rat. In man, the lymphoid compartment is
      in both white and red pulps. In the white pulp separate periarteriolar T-cell
      areas contain a large lymph-vessel plexus, which was reconstructed in serial
      sections. The circulation in the red pulp is discussed. The area between the red
      and white pulp, the perifollicular zone, is not the equivalent of the marginal
      sinus in the rat. Its anatomy in man suggests that it is an area formed from red
      pulp during the expansion of new follicles. The micro-anatomy was analysed in 119
      controls. In cases of traumatic rupture the white pulp showed evidence of
      stimulation. A pathognomonic histological picture was not found in idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura. In haemolytic anaemia the pulp cords were engorged by
      erythrocytes accompanied by a decreased B/T cell ratio in autoimmune haemolytic
      anaemia and by an increased B/T cell ratio in congenital spherocytosis.

PMID- 4040885
TI  - Gastric choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor in a man: observations about its
      possible origin.
AB  - The case of a 65-year-old man who had a gastric tumor with components of
      choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor is presented. The presence of a small
      component of adenocarcinoma in the primary tumor and the absence of any gonadal
      or other primary tumor at autopsy confirm its origin. Despite the common
      association of embryonal and trophoblastic elements in gonadal tumors, this is
      the first case in which such an association was clearly depicted in the stomach.
      This and the usual coexistence of adenocarcinoma with choriocarcinoma in the
      stomach suggest the possibility of a different mode of development of these
      tumors in the two sites: forward differentiation of neoplastic germ cells in the
      gonads and retrodifferentiation (opisthoplasia) of neoplastic mucosal epithelial
      cells in the stomach.

PMID- 4040886
TI  - Mediation by cellular retinol binding protein of a specific uptake of [3H]retinol
      by hen oviduct nuclei in vitro.

PMID- 4040887
TI  - Monitoring 24-hour blood pressure in a drug trial. Evaluation of a noninvasive
      device.
AB  - To test the usefulness of noninvasive ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure
      recording, the Del Mar Avionics system was used in a double-blind clinical trial
      in which 31 hypertensive patients were randomly allocated to receive placebo or
      pafenolol (25 mg or 50 mg), a novel, long-acting, highly selective beta-blocker,
      once daily. The results of 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate recording after
      4 weeks of treatment were compared with a previous 24-hour recording performed
      after a 4-week placebo run-in period using the 3-hour mean of recordings
      performed every 7.5 minutes both day and night. Furthermore, 24-hour means were
      analyzed in each patient before and after 4 weeks. The system was easy to use
      and, judging from two placebo periods in the same patients, the reproducibility
      was good. The 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate recordings showed a clear
      dose-response relationship for pafenolol that could not be detected by ordinary
      casual readings. A daily dose of 25 mg of pafenolol significantly reduced blood
      pressure during the 9 hours after tablet intake (p less than 0.01), while 50 mg
      per day of pafenolol resulted in a significant reduction throughout the 24-hour
      period (p less than 0.01). The same pattern was seen for heart rate, which
      indicates a greater degree of beta-blockade during treatment with the higher
      dose. These results indicate that the tested noninvasive equipment is a useful
      tool for monitoring ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure. It gives important
      information impossible to obtain from single casual readings. This noninvasive
      method should be further evaluated to define its place in clinical work and as a
      research tool.

PMID- 4040888
TI  - Maternal effects on blood pressure and survivability in inbred Dahl salt
      sensitive rats.
AB  - Maternal effects on blood pressure response to high salt diet were evaluated
      using inbred Dahl salt-sensitive (S/JR) and inbred Dahl salt-resistant (R/JR)
      rats. A cross-fostering experiment did not yield any evidence for a consistent
      effect of strain-specific fostering environments on the subsequent blood pressure
      response of S/JR or R/JR rats. A small increment in blood pressure seen only in
      male rats associated with the maternal R/JR environment was probably the result
      of effects mediated through an increment in body weight. In an experiment in
      which litter size was varied, weaning body weight was found to be an important
      predictor of survivability of S/JR rats fed a high salt (8% NaCl) diet; higher
      body weight was associated with longer survival in both males and females. Higher
      body weight at weaning also was associated with a small increment in blood
      pressure of S/JR rats in male, but not in female, rats. Intrauterine environment
      was evaluated using the embryo transplant technique. No evidence for a difference
      between S/JR and R/JR intrauterine environments with regard to blood pressure
      response of S/JR pups to salt was found. It is concluded that the early
      nutritional level during nursing as altered by varying litter size has important
      effects on body weight and survivability of S/JR rats on high salt diet, but that
      these effects are not mediated through changes in blood pressure. We found no
      evidence for genetic effects on blood pressure operating through the early
      maternal intrauterine or fostering environments.

PMID- 4040889
TI  - Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus in a mouse mastitis model: studies of alpha
      hemolysin, coagulase, and protein A as possible virulence determinants with
      protoplast fusion and gene cloning.
AB  - Mutants of a genetically well-characterized strain of Staphylococcus aureus
      [SA113(83A)] were isolated after mutagenization. Alpha-hemolysin- (hla),
      coagulase- (coa), and protein A- (spa) negative mutants were characterized by
      more than 90 biochemical tests for production of extracellular proteins and
      biochemical profile to exclude pleiotropy. Protoplast fusion was then used to
      isolate double-defective (hla and coa) recombinants and recombinants with
      regained properties, i.e., production of alpha-hemolysin and coagulase. Studies
      of such mutants and recombinants in the mouse mastitis model showed that one
      alpha-hemolysin [SA113(83A) hla-5] and one coagulase-negative [SA113(83A) coa
      147] mutant were lower in virulence compared with the wild-type strain
      SA113(83A). The double-negative mutant SA113(83A) hla-5 coa-147 showed a drastic
      decline in virulence and only induced very mild changes, as determined by
      microscopic examinations of infected mammary gland tissue. The recombinant with
      regained properties, however, was as virulent as the wild-type strain. This
      suggests that alpha-hemolysin and coagulase are virulence determinants of S.
      aureus. A high-level protein A-producing mutant (U300) showed the same virulence
      as the parent strain SA113(83A) in this model. One low virulence protein A
      negative mutant (U320) did not markedly increase in virulence when a plasmid
      containing the cloned gene for protein A (pSPA15) was introduced into this
      mutant. By these and earlier observations, it seems likely that protein A is not
      an important virulence determinant in mastitis of mice. The reduced virulence of
      the protein A-negative mutant U320 compared with the wild-type SA113(83A) may be
      due to pleiotropic loss of some other unknown virulence determinant(s). Our data
      confirm earlier findings that pleiotropic changes are common in protein A
      negative mutants.

PMID- 4040890
TI  - Effect of aztreonam on the colon microflora in patients undergoing colorectal
      surgery.
AB  - Aztreonam was given intravenously at a dose of 1 g at induction of anaesthesia,
      followed by subsequent doses of 1 g at eight hour intervals during 48 hours to 20
      patients undergoing colorectal surgery. A series of serum and faecal specimens
      were taken for analysis of aztreonam concentrations. Tissue samples from the gut
      wall were taken at surgery. The maximum serum concentrations (mean value 114.7
      mg/l) during surgery were reached 15 minutes after aztreonam administration. The
      aztreonam concentration in the tissue samples varied from 4.1-28.3 mg/kg and the
      concentration in the faecal samples from 0.4-34.4 mg/kg. Faecal samples were also
      collected during the investigation period for cultivation of aerobic and
      anaerobic bacteria. Enterobacteria were suppressed significantly during the
      prophylaxis period and there was a significant increase of staphylococci in ten
      of the patients. Three of these patients developed postoperative wound infections
      with staphylococci. Among the anaerobic bacteria, only minor changes were
      observed during the same period. After two weeks, the microflora was normalized
      in all patients. Five postoperative infections including an anastomose dehiscence
      in one patient occurred.

PMID- 4040891
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of Cladosporium herbarum. Identification
      of allergens with immunological techniques.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a gel permeation column was
      applied to separate components in a crude extract of the mould Cladosporium
      herbarum. Allergenic activity as well as individual allergens in collected
      fractions were analyzed by direct radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and fused
      rocked radioimmunoelectrophoresis (FRRIE), respectively. Thus, information of the
      molecular weight as well as the importance of the individual allergens were
      obtained simultaneously in a system showing a high degree of resolution. The
      study demonstrated that the crude extract of C. herbarum contained allergens
      mainly in the molecular weight range between 10,000 and 300,000 daltons. The
      results demonstrated the importance of carrying out both RAST and FRRIE to detect
      all allergens.

PMID- 4040892
TI  - Plasma-exchange plus high-dose intravenous gamma globulin for chronic
      thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 4040893
TI  - Effect of physical exercise and sleep deprivation on plasma androgen levels:
      modifying effect of physical fitness.
AB  - The responses of plasma testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)
      binding capacity, androstenedione (A), and luteinizing hormone (LH) to 21 km of
      marching exercise and to sleep deprivation stress were studied in army recruits.
      The effect of physical fitness on the exercise responses was evaluated, cross
      sectionally, by comparing the stress responses in 11 fit and 11 less fit
      subjects, and, longitudinally, in 11 subjects after 4 months of physical
      training. The submaximal marching exercise did not significantly alter the plasma
      hormone levels compared to the control day levels. The fit subjects had a
      tendency toward smaller decreases in the mean plasma T and T/SHBG ratio during
      both control and exercise days than the less fit subjects. After 4 months of
      conditioning, the mean plasma T and T/SHBG ratio tended to decrease less during
      both control and exercise days, which was more evident in the well-conditioned
      subjects. The exercise caused a decrease in mean plasma LH, especially in the
      less fit subjects. After sleep deprivation stress, the morning levels of plasma
      T, A, and LH were significantly depressed, as a result of which the normal
      diurnal variation of the hormones disappeared.

PMID- 4040894
TI  - Resistance of nonlambing exotic and domestic ewes to naturally acquired
      gastrointestinal nematodes.

PMID- 4040895
TI  - Enzymes regulating glucosamine 6-phosphate synthesis in the zygote of Ascaris
      suum.

PMID- 4040896
TI  - Hearing loss and visco-elasticity of middle ear fluid.
AB  - It has been suggested that the physical properties of middle ear effusion--its
      viscosity and elasticity--affect the degree of conductive impairment. Exogenous
      mucus having substantial visco-elasticity was instilled in the bullae of guinea
      pigs, and the resulting hearing loss was determined by measurements of the
      cochlear microphonic potential. In this preparation the hearing loss induced by
      mucus did not differ significantly from that found when the bulla was filled with
      saline. We find no evidence of a relationship between visco-elasticity of middle
      ear fluid and amount of conductive impairment.

PMID- 4040897
TI  - The aetiology of glue ear--a case-control study.
AB  - A case-control study was carried out to investigate many of the proposed causes
      of glue ear in childhood. One hundred and fifty cases with two matched controls
      were found to be remarkably similar in nearly all medical and social aspects of
      their past and present lives, thus providing no support for many of the currently
      held views on the aetiology of glue ear. Of the 5 factors which were found to
      increase the risk of a child undergoing surgery for glue ear, only one of these
      is thought to be related to the development of the condition, rather than to the
      chances of its detection. This factor was parental smoking (RR 1.64). The 4 other
      risk factors appear to influence the chance of glue ear being detected, diagnosed
      and referred for surgical treatment - the child's mother being employed outside
      the home, but only if the father is employed in non-manual work (RR 3.0);
      attending pre-school day-care (RR 2.00); having an older sibling who had been
      diagnosed as suffering from glue ear (RR 1.84); and having been born locally (in
      Oxfordshire) (RR 1.89). Possible explanations for these social and behavioural
      factors are discussed.

PMID- 4040898
TI  - The measurement of immediate and persistent radiation-induced chromosome damage
      in rodent primary cells using premature chromosome condensation.
AB  - The chromosome damage observed in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes at their
      metaphase is considered to be the most reliable basis for biological dosimetry.
      However, physical and biological factors such as irradiation conditions and
      chromosome repair could make difficult the interpretation of chromosome
      aberration yield in terms of absorbed dose. To establish correction factors to
      take into account partial body exposure, dose rate, and post-irradiation time
      requires in-vivo studies. Yet, such studies may be hampered by the laborious
      techniques required to culture the blood of the more readily available laboratory
      animals. In this paper, a cytogenetic approach based on a simple method for
      polyethylene-glycol-mediated cell fusion and premature chromosome condensation
      induction in primary cells is shown to be useful for in-vivo studies involving
      rodents. This method enables the direct assessment of radiation-induced
      chromosome damage without having the cells proceed to mitosis. The applicability
      of the method is demonstrated in particular for the measurement of immediate and
      persistent radiation-induced chromosome damage in rat peripheral blood, spleen,
      and thymus lymphocytes.

PMID- 4040899
TI  - Short rib-polydactyly syndrome (Majewski type): report of a case with autopsy
      findings.

PMID- 4040900
TI  - Enzyme histochemical profile of the adult human female prostate (paraurethral
      glands).

PMID- 4040901
TI  - HLA-linked immune responsiveness to (T,G)-A-L: a family study.
AB  - The heredity of the immune response potential to the synthetic polypeptide
      poly(LTyr,LGlu)-poly(DLAla)-poly(LLys) [(T,G)-A-L] and its possible linkage to
      the major histocompatibility complex of man were studied in 24 families.
      Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from 174 donors belonging to 24
      unrelated families were educated to (T,G)-A-L on autologous antigen-pulsed
      adherent cells. The supernatants obtained from these activated PBL were tested
      for their antigen-specific helper activity in an in vitro antibody production
      system. All donors were typed for their HLA haplotypes. The results obtained
      indicated that the ability to respond to (T,G)-A-L by production of an antigen
      specific T cell helper factor is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait linked
      to the responder HLA haplotype.

PMID- 4040902
TI  - Decreased fertility and motility of spermatozoa from rats immunized with a
      prealbumin epididymal-specific glycoprotein.
AB  - This study investigated the effects on the progressive motility, zona-binding
      capacity, and fertility of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis of adult male
      rats that were actively immunized against an acidic glycoprotein secreted by the
      epididymis. The percentage of motile spermatozoa was less than 5% in nine of ten
      rats that received the epididymal antigen, and 40 to 50% in eight of the 10
      control rats. In animals immunized against the antigen, there was a dramatic
      decrease, but not a complete suppression, in the capacity of epididymal
      spermatozoa to bind the zona pellucida as compared with the nonimmunized
      controls. Fertility was decreased two weeks after the end of the treatment, but
      partial restoration of fertility was observed 6 months later.

PMID- 4040903
TI  - Corrected relative net protein ratio (CRNPR) method based on differences in rat
      and human requirements for sulfur amino acids.
AB  - The requirement for sulfur amino acids was calculated for growing rats fed 8%
      protein diets. The rat and human requirements for sulfur amino acids were
      compared and a correction factor was developed to reflect the differences. This
      correction factor was used to determine corrected relative net protein ratio
      (CRNPR) values for a number of potential meat extenders and their mixtures with
      beef. The methionine + cystine requirement of growing rats was estimated to be 4%
      of protein for 8% protein diets. The methionine + cystine requirement of rats was
      about 50% higher than that of humans (2.65% of protein). Based on this comparison
      (rat/human), a correction factor of 1.5 was developed to correct RNPR values of
      those protein products that were deficient in sulfur amino acids for rat growth.
      The CRNPR values of beef, casein, soybean protein products, pea concentrate, and
      peanut meal were 100, 100, 91-97, 75, and 73, respectively. Mixtures (50:50
      protein basis) of beef with casein, soybean concentrate, soybean isolate, pea
      concentrate, peanut meal, rapeseed concentrate, rapeseed isolate, sunflower
      isolate, or wheat gluten were equal to beef in CRNPR values. The CRNPR method is
      a good predictor of protein quality for humans of those protein products that are
      deficient in sulfur amino acids.

PMID- 4040904
TI  - beta-Ketoadipate pathway in Trichosporon cutaneum modified for methyl-substituted
      metabolites.
AB  - Trichosporon cutaneum, when grown with p-cresol, catalyzed intradiol fission of
      the benzene nucleus of 4-methylcatechol before the complete catabolism of these
      two substrates. Steps in their conversion to pyruvate and acetyl coenzyme A were
      investigated by using cell extracts, and some properties of various new microbial
      catabolites are also described. These included (-)-2,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5
      oxofuran-2-acetic acid (beta-methylmuconolactone) and (-)-3-keto-4-methyladipic
      acid and its coenzyme A ester; the latter was degraded by an enzymatic reaction
      sequence that included the coenzyme A esters of methylsuccinic, itaconic, and
      citramalic acids. A notable feature of this sequence is the formation of beta
      methylmuconolactone which can be readily metabolized, in contrast to the
      analogous reaction in bacteria that gives the "dead-end" compound gamma
      methylmuconolactone; this compound cannot be enzymatically degraded and so
      renders the beta-ketoadipate pathway unavailable for methyl-substituted bacterial
      sources of carbon that are catabolized by way of 4-methylcatechol.

PMID- 4040906
TI  - Kinetic investigation of soybean trypsin-like enzyme catalysis.
AB  - Various esters and amides of benzoylarginine and of benzyloxycarbonylarginine
      were subjected to enzymic hydrolysis at pH 8.5 and 7.2 by soybean trypsin-like
      enzyme (STLE). The kcat values for the hydrolysis of esters and amides were
      essentially identical regardless of the kind of leaving group. These results
      suggest that the STLE-catalyzed hydrolysis of ester and amide substrates proceeds
      via an acylenzyme intermediate and that the deacylation step is rate-determining.
      Hydrolysis of various 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amides of varying chain length and amino
      acid sequence was carried out at pH 8.5. Analysis of kinetic parameters revealed
      that STLE does not exhibit any remarkable subsite requirement, but somewhat
      preferentially hydrolyzes shorter substrates. These observations are consistent
      with the fact that STLE does not hydrolyze protein substrates or oxidized insulin
      B chain but hydrolyzes oligopeptides (Nishikata, M. (1984) J. Biochem. 95, 1169
      1177). It is possible that the active site of STLE is located at a deep position
      in the enzyme molecule. From the pH dependency of kcat/Km, the participation of a
      histidine residue in the catalytic process of STLE was suggested.

PMID- 4040905
TI  - Enzymology of the beta-ketoadipate pathway in Trichosporon cutaneum.
AB  - Cell extracts were prepared from Trichosporon cutaneum grown with phenol or p
      cresol, and activities were assayed for enzymes catalyzing conversion of these
      two carbon sources into 3-ketoadipate (beta-ketoadipate) and 3-keto-4
      methyladipate, respectively. When activities of each enzyme were expressed as a
      ratio, the rate for methyl-substituted substrate being divided by that for the
      unsubstituted substrate, it was apparent that p-cresol-grown cells elaborated
      pairs of enzymes for hydroxylation, dioxygenation, and delactonization. One
      enzyme of each pair was more active against its methyl-substituted substrate, and
      the other was more active against its unsubstituted substrate. Column
      chromatography was used to separate two hydroxylase activities and also 1,2
      dioxygenase activities; the catechol 1,2-dioxygenases were further purified to
      electrophoretic homogeneity. Extracts of phenol-grown cells contained only those
      enzymes in this group that were more active against unsubstituted substrates. In
      contrast, whether cells were grown with phenol or p-cresol, only one muconate
      cycloisomerase (lactonizing enzyme) was elaborated which was more active against
      3-methyl-cis,cis-muconate than against cis,cis-muconate; in this respect it
      differed from a cycloisomerase of another strain of T. cutaneum which has been
      characterized. The cycloisomerase was purified from both phenol-grown and p
      cresol-grown cells, and some characteristics were determined.

PMID- 4040907
TI  - Paratropomyosin: a new myofibrillar protein that modifies the actin-myosin
      interaction in postrigor skeletal muscle. II. Distinct function from tropomyosin.
AB  - The functional differences between paratropomyosin and tropomyosin were studied.
      The weight ratio of maximally bound paratropomyosin to F-actin was 1 : 7.6,
      whereas that of tropomyosin was 1 : 3.9. The actin-myosin interaction was
      markedly depressed by paratropomyosin under conditions where it was promoted by
      tropomyosin. Paratropomyosin had sensitized the actin-myosin-troponin system to
      Ca2+, but was much less effective than tropomyosin. Paratropomyosin showed an
      additive effect on the actomyosin systems containing tropomyosin, indicating that
      the binding site of paratropomyosin on F-actin is distinct from that of
      tropomyosin. Probably, due to greater affinity for myosin binding site on F
      actin, paratropomyosin competes for the binding site and thus modifies the actin
      myosin interaction. The role of paratropomyosin in tenderization of meat during
      postmortem ageing is also discussed.

PMID- 4040908
TI  - Inhibition studies of soybean trypsin-like enzyme.
AB  - The results of inhibition studies of soybean trypsin-like enzyme (STLE) by
      substrate analogues (derivative of arginine) suggested that a net negative charge
      exists at or near the substrate binding region of the enzyme. On hydrolysis of
      substrates, this negative charge seems to repel the products from the substrate
      binding region and facilitate the turn-over of substrates. From the data on
      inhibition by various amidines, guanidines, and amines, some information about
      the structure of the hydrophobic binding pocket of STLE was obtained. The
      inactivation of STLE by irreversible inhibitors, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)
      and tosyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone (Tos-Lys-CH2Cl), was decreased by
      competitive inhibitors. This means that these irreversible inhibitors bind with
      residues at the substrate binding region, probably serine and histidine residues,
      respectively.

PMID- 4040909
TI  - Radiation inactivation studies on the rabbit kidney sodium-dependent glucose
      transporter.
AB  - Rabbit kidney cortical brush-border membrane vesicles were irradiated in the
      frozen state with increasing doses of high energy electrons from a Van de Graaff
      generator. Sodium-dependent D-glucose and L-alanine transport showed a simple
      exponential loss of activity with increasing radiation dosage. Target size
      calculation based on these data gives estimates of 1.0 X 10(6) daltons for the
      glucose transporter and 1.2 X 10(6) daltons for the alanine transporter. A highly
      purified glucose transport protein extracted from rabbit kidney cortex was
      similarly irradiated both before and after reconstitution into liposomes. The
      target size of this purified glucose transporter was 343,000 daltons, based on
      inactivation of transport. The intensity of the major 165,000-dalton sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis band of this preparation was decreased by
      radiation. The decrease in staining intensity was dose-dependent, yielding a
      target size of 298,000 daltons, in situ. We propose that the purified glucose
      transporter reconstituted into liposomes is a tetramer comprised of 85,000-dalton
      subunits.

PMID- 4040910
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of the human erythrocyte monosaccharide transporter with
      an aryl azide derivative of D-glucose.
AB  - A photoreactive, radioiodinated derivative of glucose, N-(4-iodoazidosalicyl)-6
      amido-6-deoxyglucopyranose (IASA-glc), has been synthesized and used as a
      photoaffinity label for the human erythrocyte monosaccharide transporter.
      Photoinactivation and photoinsertion are both light-dependent and result in a
      marked decrease in the absorption spectra of the compound. When [125I]IASA-glc
      was photolyzed with erythrocyte ghost membranes, photoinsertion of radiolabel was
      observed in three major regions, spectrin, band 3, and a protein of 58,000
      daltons located in the zone 4.5 region. Of the three regions which were
      photolabeled, only labeling of polypeptides in the zone 4.5 region was partially
      blocked by D-glucose. In the non-iodinated form, N-(4-azidosalicyl)-6-amido-6
      deoxy-glucopyranose inhibited the labeling of the transporter by [125I]IASA-glc
      more effectively than D-glucose. The ability to synthesize this [125I]containing
      photoprobe for the monosaccharide transporter at carrier-free levels offers
      several new advantages for investigating the structure of this transport protein
      in the erythrocyte.

PMID- 4040911
TI  - Forskolin-induced change of the size of adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Forskolin, a potent activator of cyclic AMP generating systems, has been proposed
      to act directly on the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase. Nevertheless, some
      arguments indicate a possible role of the guanosine triphosphate-binding
      regulatory protein in forskolin action on adenylate cyclase. In this study, we
      have observed an increase in the apparent sedimentation coefficient of
      solubilized adenylate cyclase, elicited by forskolin, both in rat liver (from 6.4
      +/- 0.1 to 7.2 +/- 0.1 S) and rat striatum (from 6.7 +/- 0.1 to 7.6 +/- 0.1 S).
      On both systems, a similar increase in the sedimentation coefficient was observed
      after preactivation of the enzyme with guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma
      imido)triphosphate (Gpp(NH)p). In contrast to the Gpp(NH)p effect, the forskolin
      action was found to be reversible. Simultaneous pretreatments of adenylate
      cyclase with forskolin and Gpp(NH)p did not induce additive increases of the
      apparent sedimentation coefficient of adenylate cyclase. The modification of the
      size of solubilized adenylate cyclase was corroborated by gel filtration studies.
      In rat liver membranes, the Stokes radius of the solubilized enzyme increased
      from 59 +/- 1 A for basal state to 65 +/- 1 A for forskolin preactivated state. A
      possible explanation of our findings is that forskolin may stabilize the complex
      between the GTP-binding regulatory protein and the catalytic unit of adenylate
      cyclase in a reversible manner.

PMID- 4040912
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoids on hexose transport in rat adipocytes. Evidence for
      decreased transporters in the plasma membrane.
AB  - Glucocorticoids are known to rapidly inhibit glucose transport when added to
      isolated rat adipocytes. To determine whether this inhibition of transport
      persists following isolation of the plasma membranes, adipocytes were incubated
      in the absence or presence of a maximally inhibitory concentration of
      dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, and plasma membrane vesicles were
      prepared. D-Glucose uptake into vesicles from steroid-treated cells was inhibited
      by an average of 40%. The ability of dexamethasone to inhibit transport depended
      upon pretreatment of cells with hormone prior to membrane isolation. Furthermore,
      the decreased rate of transport was prevented by the simultaneous addition to the
      cell of actinomycin D or cycloheximide with dexamethasone, indicating a
      requirement for RNA and protein synthesis. The effect of dexamethasone on glucose
      transport was further investigated using our recently developed cytochalasin B
      affinity-labeling protocol to identify the transporter on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels. A peak of radioactivity having Mr = 54,000 was identified
      which exhibited the properties expected for the glucose transporter, in that
      label incorporation was prevented by D-glucose and unlabeled cytochalasin B, but
      not by D-sorbitol or unlabeled cytochalasins A, D, or E. Dexamethasone was found
      to cause a significant (average 33%) decrease in the amount of labeled
      transporter in the plasma membrane which was prevented by the simultaneous
      addition of actinomycin D with dexamethasone to the cells. A similar percentage
      decrease was not found in a microsomal membrane fraction nor in a total cellular
      membrane fraction. These results suggest that glucocorticoids may decrease
      glucose transport in rat adipocytes by selectively decreasing the number of
      transporters in the plasma membrane.

PMID- 4040913
TI  - Effect of oral contraceptives and some psychological factors on the menstrual
      experience.

PMID- 4040914
TI  - Bilateral fracture of the femoral neck during a hypocalcaemic convulsion. A case
      report.
AB  - Vitamin D deficiency occurs in up to 24% of the Asian immigrant population in the
      United Kingdom, but pathological fractures are relatively uncommon. We report a
      case of bilateral fracture of the femoral neck caused by a convulsion secondary
      to dietary-induced hypocalcaemia. To our knowledge such a sequence has not
      previously been reported.

PMID- 4040915
TI  - The kinetics of chemotactic peptide-induced change in F-actin content, F-actin
      distribution, and the shape of neutrophils.
AB  - Formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP) induces actin assembly in neutrophils; the resultant
      increase in F-actin content correlates with an increase in the rate of cellular
      locomotion at fMLP concentrations less than or equal to 10(-8) M (Howard, T.H.,
      and W.H. Meyer, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 98:1265-1271). We studied the time course of
      change in F-actin content, F-actin distribution, and cell shape after fMLP
      stimulation. F-actin content was quantified by fluorescence activated cell sorter
      analysis of nitrobenzoxadiazole-phallacidin-stained cells (Howard, T.H., 1982, J.
      Cell Biol., 95(2, Pt. 2:327a). F-actin distribution and cell shape were
      determined by analysis of fluorescence photomicrographs of nitrobenzoxadiazole
      phallacidin-stained cells. After fMLP stimulation at 25 degrees C, there is a
      rapid actin polymerization that is maximal (up to 2.0 times the control level) at
      45 s; subsequently, the F-actin depolymerizes to an intermediate F-actin content
      5-10 min after stimulation. The depolymerization of F-actin reflects a true
      decrease in F-actin content since the quantity of probe extractable from cells
      also decreases between 45 s and 10 min. The rate of actin polymerization (3.8 +/-
      0.3-4.4 +/- 0.6% increase in F-actin/s) is the same for 10(-10) - 10(-6) M fMLP
      and the polymerization is inhibited by cytochalasin D. The initial rate of F
      actin depolymerization (6.0 +/- 1.0-30 +/- 5% decrease in F-actin/min) is
      inversely proportional to fMLP dose. The F-actin content of stimulated cells at
      45 s and 10 min is greater than control levels and varies directly with fMLP
      dose. F-actin distribution and cell shape also vary as a function of time after
      stimulation. 45 s after stimulation the cells are rounded and F-actin is
      diffusely distributed; 10 min after stimulation the cell is polarized and F-actin
      is focally distributed. These results indicate that actin polymerization and
      depolymerization follow fMLP stimulation in sequence, the rate of
      depolymerization and the maximum and steady state F-actin content but not the
      rate of polymerization are fMLP dose dependent, and concurrent with F-actin
      depolymerization, F-actin is redistributed and the cell changes shape.

PMID- 4040916
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis is depressed during mitosis and elevated during early
      G1.
AB  - [35S]Sulfate incorporation was measured in populations of Chinese hamster ovary
      cells enriched for mitotics, early G1 cells, and interphase monolayers or
      suspensions. Incorporation was determined by biochemical analysis of extracts and
      quantitative autoradiography of thick sections. 90% of [35S]sulfate was
      incorporated into glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Incorporation was depressed fourfold
      in mitotics and stimulated by from two- to three-fold in early G1 cells relative
      to mixed interphase cells. GAG synthesis was maintained into late G2. Thus, the
      rate of GAG biosynthesis was correlated temporally with the detachment and
      reattachment of cells to substrate. Inhibitors of protein synthesis brought about
      the rapid arrest of GAG biosynthesis. However, xylosides, which bypass the
      requirement for core protein, did not bring oligosaccharide sulfation in mitotics
      to interphase levels. These observations indicate an inhibition of Golgi
      processing and are consistent with a generalized defect of membrane vesicle
      mediated transport during mitosis.

PMID- 4040917
TI  - Relationship of actin polymerization and depolymerization to light scattering in
      human neutrophils: dependence on receptor occupancy and intracellular Ca++.
AB  - When exposed to the N-formylated chemoattractant peptides, neutrophils undergo a
      transient ruffling followed by a polarization that involves a redistribution of F
      actin (Fechheimer, M., and S. H. Zigmond, 1983, Cell Motil., 3:349-361). The
      cells also undergo a biphasic right angle light scatter response whose first
      phase is maximal 10-15 s after exposure to the stimulus, and whose second phase
      is longer in duration and maximal only after 1 min or more (Yuli, I., and R.
      Snyderman, 1984, J. Clin. Invest. 73:1408-1417). We now report that the first
      phase is accompanied by a transient polymerization of actin (monitored by
      cytometric analysis of phallacidin staining according to the method of Howard, T.
      H., and W. H. Meyer, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 98:1265-1271) and the second phase is
      accompanied by a more sustained polymerization of actin. Based on correlated
      measurements of ligand binding (Sklar, L. A., D. A. Finney, Z. G. Oades, A. J.
      Jesaitis, R. G. Painter, and C. G. Cochrane, 1984, J. Biol. Chem., 259:5661-5669)
      and intracellular Ca++ elevation (under conditions where we use the fluorescent
      Ca++ chelator Quin 2 to modulate intracellular Ca++ levels), we conclude that
      this first phase requires less than 100 receptors/cell (out of 50,000) and does
      not require the release of intracellular stores of Ca++. In contrast, the
      sustained polymerization requires both the occupancy of thousands of receptors
      (an estimated 10% of the receptors per minute) and may be somewhat sensitive to
      the availability of intracellular Ca++. When ligand binding is interrupted, F
      actin rapidly depolymerizes with a half-time of no greater than approximately 15
      s, and the transient light scatter response decays toward its initial value in
      parallel. Partial disaggregation of the cells follows the recovery of these
      responses. Based on these observations, we suggest that transient actin
      polymerization and transient cell ruffling give rise to transient aggregation as
      long as degranulation is limited.

PMID- 4040919
TI  - Sperm-oocyte interaction in the sea-urchin.
AB  - A study was made of the electrical and morphological changes in the sea-urchin
      oocyte during interaction with spermatozoa. The first event, a small step
      depolarization accompanied by a 20-40% decay in input resistance occurs within
      seconds of attachment. The evidence suggests that this electrical event is the
      result of sperm-oocyte fusion, and that the ion channels that lower the
      resistance across the oocyte-sperm complex are located in the sperm plasma
      membrane. This primary electrical event does not necessarily lead to sperm
      incorporation. A second, determinative, event occurs at 50 s, which leads to
      sperm entry and the formation of a cytoplasmic protrusion at the site of sperm
      entry. This second event probably results from the transfer of a soluble
      component from the spermatozoon into the oocyte cytoplasm, which leads to sperm
      incorporation and formation of the protrusion. The changes in the oocyte
      following insemination are compared with the events of egg activation.

PMID- 4040920
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of Urechis caupo egg envelopes.
AB  - Eggs of Urechis caupo are surrounded by a congruent to 0.9 micrometer thick egg
      envelope and, attached to that, a peripheral jelly layer about 3 micrometers
      thick. Before fertilization, the sperm undergoes the acrosome reaction and binds
      to the egg envelope. As part of a study of the induction of the acrosome reaction
      and sperm binding in Urechis, we have developed a method to prepare an egg
      envelope fraction by differential centrifugation. The isolation procedure removes
      much of the jelly layer, but does not alter the fine structure of the envelope.
      When a sperm contacts an isolated envelope, it undergoes a normal acrosome
      reaction and binds to the envelope's outer face. Electrophoresis of the envelope
      fraction on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)/polyacrylamide gels revealed six major
      components stained by Coomassie Blue, of which four are stained by the periodic
      acid-Schiff reagents (PAS). To measure the degree of enrichment of the envelope
      fraction, envelopes were isolated from eggs that had been externally radio
      iodinated; the specific activity of the envelope fraction was 17 +/- 3 times
      greater than that of intact eggs. The amino acid composition of the envelope
      fraction is dominated by Gly (19 mole %), Asx (11%), Thr (11%), Ser (8%), Ala
      (8%) and Glx (8%). The sugars fucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose, N
      acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine were detected by gas-liquid
      chromatography. We also investigated whether the egg envelope changes at
      fertilization. No change was detected in the electrophoretic 125I pattern of
      externally radio-iodinated eggs, and the envelope fractions prepared from
      unfertilized and fertilized eggs produced the same Coomassie Blue pattern on
      SDS/polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 4040918
TI  - Structural changes that occur in scallop myosin filaments upon activation.
AB  - Myosin filaments isolated from scallop striated muscle have been activated by
      calcium-containing solutions, and their structure has been examined by electron
      microscopy after negative staining. The orderly helical arrangement of myosin
      projections characteristic of the relaxed state is largely lost upon activation.
      The oblique striping that arises from alignment of elongated projections along
      the long-pitched helical tracks is greatly weakened, although a 145 A axial
      periodicity is sometimes partially retained. The edges of the filaments become
      rough, and the myosin heads move outwards as their helical arrangement becomes
      disordered. Crossbridges at various angles appear to link thick and thin
      filaments after activation. The transition from order to disorder is reversible
      and occurs over a narrow range of free calcium concentration near pCa 5.7.
      Removal of nucleotide, as well as dissociation of regulatory light chains, also
      disrupts the ordered helical arrangement of projections. We suggest that the
      relaxed arrangement of the projections is probably maintained by intermolecular
      interactions between myosin molecules, which depend on the regulatory light
      chains. Calcium binding changes the interactions between light chains and the
      rest of the head, activating the myosin molecule. Intermolecular contacts between
      molecules may thus be altered and may propagate activation cooperatively
      throughout the thick filament.

PMID- 4040921
TI  - Local cerebral glucose utilization in normal female rats: variations during the
      estrous cycle and comparison with males.
AB  - The quantitative 2-[14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was used to study
      the fluctuations of energy metabolism in discrete brain regions of female rats
      during the estrous cycle. A consistent though statistically nonsignificant cyclic
      variation in average glucose utilization of the brain as a whole was observed.
      Highest levels of glucose utilization occurred during proestrus and metestrus,
      whereas lower rates were found during estrus and diestrus. Statistically
      significant fluctuations were found specifically in the hypothalamus and in some
      limbic structures. Rates of glucose utilization in the female rat brain were
      compared with rates in normal male rats. Statistically significant differences
      between males and females at any stage of the estrous cycle were confined mainly
      to hypothalamic areas known to be involved in the control of sexual behavior.
      Glucose utilization in males and females was not significantly different in most
      other cerebral structures.

PMID- 4040922
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hallucinogenic
      indoleamines with simultaneous UV photometric and voltammetric detection.

PMID- 4040923
TI  - A rapid method for the purification of cytoplasmic paramyxoviral nucleocapsids.
AB  - A rapid method for the purification of cytoplasmic paramyxoviral nucleocapsids
      using a tabletop ultracentrifuge is described. The method yields materials
      equivalent in purity to materials purified by previously published procedures but
      requires only a fraction of the time (65 min vs 7-41.5 h). When used in
      conjunction with modern hypersensitive analytical techniques, the procedure
      provides equivalent or greater amounts of nucleocapsid for subsequent analysis or
      study.

PMID- 4040924
TI  - Bioavailability of albumin-bound testosterone.
AB  - The unbound fraction of plasma testosterone (T) can freely enter tissues, whereas
      the bioavailability of the albumin-bound T is controversial. A clinical
      observation in hirsute women receiving spironolactone suggested an experimental
      paradigm to test the effect of albumin binding on T bioavailability. We found an
      increase in the non-T-estrogen-binding globulin-bound fraction of plasma T in
      women from 24.1 +/- 3.9% to 42.0 +/- 8.1% (+/-SEM) while they received
      spironolactone. Computer modeling indicated that the absolute increase in the
      albumin-bound T concentration would be about 22.4-fold greater than that in the
      unbound T concentration (the ratio of albumin-bound to free T remaining virtually
      constant) because of the binding of T to albumin. We reasoned that the addition
      of graded amounts of spironolactone and its metabolites to plasma would provide a
      means to increase the albumin-bound T concentration appreciably. We evaluated the
      biological effects of this perturbation of T transport by spironolactone and its
      metabolites in a bioassay system using the Oldendorf technique. Bioavailable T
      increased proportionately with increments in free and albumin-bound T (r = 0.85;
      P less than 0.01). A major portion of the albumin-bound T (i.e. 55%) entered
      tissues under all conditions; the amount that was bioavailable vastly exceeded
      the amount of T that was unbound in the injected samples. An index of the amount
      of bioavailable T can be determined using the ammonium sulfate precipitation
      technique, as the percentage of non-T-estrogen-binding globulin-bound T in vitro
      correlated well with T bioavailability in vitro (r = 0.86; P less than 0.01).
      These studies support the conclusion that albumin-bound T is biologically
      important.

PMID- 4040925
TI  - Neurohypophysial hormones in cerebrospinal fluid of adults: absence of arginine
      vasotocin and of a diurnal rhythm of arginine vasopressin.
AB  - We previously reported a prominent diurnal rhythm of oxytocin (OT) in human
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) similar to the brisk CSF OT rhythm in monkeys. An OT
      CSF rhythm has not been found in lower species. In contrast, a pronounced
      arginine vasopressin (AVP) rhythm has been found in lower species, but the AVP
      CSF rhythm is less marked in subhuman primates. In patients (n = 7) in whom
      lumbar drains had been temporarily placed for treatment of CSF rhinorrhea, we
      obtained CSF samples every 6 h. In 6 of these 7 patients, we previously reported
      (1) finding a prominent CSF OT rhythm, with a peak at 1200 h, by analysis of
      variance of repeated measures. When the samples of CSF of these same 6 patients
      (plus 1 additional patient) were assayed for AVP, no AVP rhythm was found. We
      also measured AVP, OT, and arginine vasotocin (AVT) by RIA in single samples of
      CSF obtained from 23 other patients. In these single samples of CSF, mean AVP was
      0.9 +/- 0.11 (+/- SEM) pg/ml, and OT was 3.7 +/- 0.5 microU/ml. CSF AVT
      immunoreactivity was 0.6 pg/ml or less in the 23 patients. Two pools of CSF were
      separated by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The peak OT and
      AVP, as determined by RIA, coeluted exactly with synthetic and human posterior
      pituitary OT and AVP, respectively. No immunoreactive AVT was found in the
      position of synthetic AVT in the eluates. Thus, OT and AVP are present in human
      adult CSF, but AVT is not. The lack of a prominent rhythm of AVP in human CSF is
      in marked contrast to the brisk OT rhythm. The rhythm of neurohypophysial
      peptides in human and subhuman primates is different from the rhythm in lower
      species, suggesting different functions for OT and AVP in the central nervous
      system of various species.

PMID- 4040926
TI  - An agenda for public health departments.

PMID- 4040927
TI  - Characterization of a new model of GM2-gangliosidosis (Sandhoff's disease) in
      Korat cats.
AB  - We have detected a disorder in Korat cats (initially imported from Thailand) that
      is analogous to human Sandhoff's disease. Pedigree analysis indicates that this
      disease in an autosomal recessive disorder in the American Korat. Postmortem
      studies on one affected cat showed hepatomegaly that was not reported in the only
      other known feline model of GM2-gangliosidosis type II. Histologic and ultra
      structural evaluation revealed typical storage vacuoles. There was a marked
      deficiency in the activity of hexosaminidase (HEX) A and B in affected brain and
      liver as compared to controls. Electrophoresis of a liver extract revealed a
      deficiency of normal HEX A and B in the affected animals. The blocking primary
      enzyme immunoassay verified the presence of antigenically reactive HEX present in
      affected cat livers in quantities slightly elevated with respect to the normal
      HEX concentration in control cats. In leukocytes, obligate heterozygotes had
      intermediate levels of total HEX activity with a slight increase in the percent
      activity due to HEX A. Indeed, 4 of 11 phenotypically normal animals in addition
      to four obligate heterozygotes appear to be carriers using this assay. Affected
      brain and liver compared with control brain and liver contained a great excess of
      bound N-acetylneuraminic acid in the Folch upper-phase solids; thin-layer
      chromatography showed a marked increase in GM2-ganglioside. In summary, we have
      characterized the pedigree, pathology, and biochemistry of a new feline model of
      GM2-gangliosidosis which is similar to but different from the only other known
      feline model.

PMID- 4040928
TI  - Species specificity of nonimmunologic contact urticaria: guinea pig, rat, and
      mouse.
AB  - In order to find the most suitable animal species for studies on nonimmunologic
      contact urticaria (NICU), human NICU agents: 20% benzoic acid (BA), 10% sorbic
      acid (SA), 15% cinnamic acid (CA), 20% cinnamic aldehyde (CAL), 1.0% diethyl
      fumarate (DEF), 0.2% methyl nicotinate (MN), all in absolute ethyl alcohol, and
      100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were each applied to the earlobes of guinea pigs,
      rats, and mice. Guinea pig ear reacted with swelling to all agents tested. The
      mean maximal increase in thickness of the guinea pig ear, measured with a
      micrometer, was 114 +/- 46%. No response to BA, SA, CA, DEF, or MN was noted in
      the rat or mouse ear. However, DMSO and CAL caused significant ear swelling both
      in the mouse and the rat. Thus, the guinea pig ear is more sensitive to a variety
      of human NICU agents than is rat or mouse ear. The striking differences in
      species reactivity to NICU agents suggest the possibility that there are several
      mechanisms (mediators) involved in reactions to different substances. The guinea
      pig ear swelling test remains the best quantitative animal method available for
      screening human NICU agents.

PMID- 4040929
TI  - Differential effects of in vitro ethanol on prostaglandin E1-sensitive adenylate
      cyclase from smooth muscle cells and platelets.
AB  - In membranes of smooth muscle cells cultured from rabbit mesenteric artery,
      ethanol dose-dependently activates adenylate cyclase, both basal and PGE1- or
      GPP(NH)P-sensitive. The alcohol increases the maximal stimulation induced by PGE1
      and GPP(NH)P, without greatly affecting their potency. The arrhenius plot
      displays a discontinuity point, which is only slightly lowered by ethanol. On the
      contrary, in membranes from human platelets ethanol inhibits basal, GPP(NH)P- and
      PGE1-sensitive adenylate cyclase, without modification of the prostaglandin or
      guanine nucleotide potency. The break point present in the Arrhenius plots is
      definitely lowered by the alcohol. In addition, ethanol decreases the
      thermostability of the enzyme. Neither in myocytes nor in platelets does ethanol
      affect the activation energy of the reaction. The data suggest that ethanol
      probably interacts directly with the membrane proteins, and that its effect is
      not mediated only through a perturbation of membrane lipid fluidity.

PMID- 4040930
TI  - Response of lactating cows to pelleted and unpelleted soybean meal after partial
      protein depletion.
AB  - Twenty-four first-lactation cows, averaging 82 d postpartum, were protein
      depleted for 20 d by consuming a 9.4% crude protein diet. The cows were then
      assigned randomly and equally to a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement of dietary
      treatments in which either pelleted or unpelleted soybean meal containing 1%
      sodium bentonite was supplemented to corn or corn silage-based diets to yield
      12.2, 15.4, or 18.1% crude protein, dry basis. Between 9 and 15 d of the
      depletion period, milk, milk protein production, and dry matter consumption
      decreased 20 to 25%. Blood hematocrit increased. On refeeding three amounts of
      protein, dry matter intake was greatest during week 4 of repletion. Milk
      production rapidly increased to a plateau averaging approximately 88% of
      preexperimental production with a somewhat greater response to the higher soybean
      rations. Neither intake, milk, milk protein production, plasma urea, serum
      albumin, or blood hematocrit provided any evidence that pelleted or unpelleted
      soybean meal differed nutritionally.

PMID- 4040931
TI  - Effects of duration of udder stimulation on milking dynamics and oxytocin
      release.
AB  - For effects of varying duration of premilking manual udder massage on milking
      performance and oxytocin release, five Holstein cows were subjected to a) no
      stimulation, b) stimulation by manual udder massage before machine attachment for
      15 s, c) for 30 s, d) for 60 s, and e) for 120 s. Milk yield, fat, protein, and
      somatic cell content were not affected by treatments. The 30-, 60-, and 120-s
      treatments resulted in higher peak milk flow rate as compared to no stimulation.
      Stimulation for 60 or 120 s did not achieve higher peak milk flow rates than 15
      or 30 s. Average milk flow rate increased with duration of stimulation, and no
      stimulation differed from 30-, 60-, and 120-s treatments. Machine-on time
      decreased with increasing stimulation. However, differences in average flow rates
      and machine-on times became nonsignificant when premilking stimulation time was
      added to machine-on time. No differences were significant between treatments and
      mean oxytocin concentrations. The marked difference in milk flow variables and
      machine-on time suggested a small yet finite threshold concentration of oxytocin
      leads to milk ejection. Udder massage of 30 s prior to machine attachment is more
      than adequate for preparing cows for milking with machine stripping.

PMID- 4040932
TI  - The structure and function of actin in hair cells.
AB  - Within the last 7 years, the protein actin has been identified in the stereocilia
      and cuticular plate region of the hair cell. An intensive effort has been mounted
      to describe the structural organization of this protein, to identify actin
      associated proteins in these regions, and to identify the functional role of
      these proteins. The paracrystalline array of actin and its cross bridges imparts
      rigidity and stiffness to the stereocilia, which are important in determining
      their response properties. It also appears that these properties can be changed
      if the paracrystalline array is damaged by noise exposure. The functional
      implications of stereocilia rigidity and stiffness, as well as potential
      contractile mechanisms in the hair cell, are discussed. Finally, it is suggested
      that changes in the cross-sectional shape of the stereocilia caused by shearing
      of actin filaments during stereocilia deflections can be related to the mechano
      electrical events in the plasma membrane of the cell. This may be the link
      between the transmission of vibrational energy through the sensory accessory
      structures of the peripheral ear, and the initiation of electrochemical events
      associated with transduction.

PMID- 4040933
TI  - The anatomical consequences of acoustic injury: A review and tutorial.
AB  - The anatomic consequences of acoustic overstimulation are explored in this
      presentation, and attention is directed toward issues where improvements in
      technology and empirical observation are needed before further advances in our
      understanding can be achieved. Gains have been made in the last decade in
      appreciating sound-induced cochlear injury, but there is now a need to evaluate
      not only cochlear pathology but also the functional state of the surviving
      structures. There is a wealth of information about the susceptibility of inner or
      outer hair cells to acoustic injury; however, the etiology of this injury is not
      yet fully understood. In addition, current ideas concerning the effects of noise
      on hair-cell stereocilia, hair-cell synapses, the cochlear vascular supply, and
      the central auditory pathways are in a state of flux and are either undergoing
      revision or emerging. Other issues, such as the basis of temporary or permanent
      threshold shift at the cellular level, and the individual differences in
      susceptibility to injury are in need of a fresh approach. It would seem that the
      time is now ripe to review our knowledge, recognize its gaps, and develop
      testable hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of acoustic injury to the ear.

PMID- 4040934
TI  - Professional review organizations: PRO or con?

PMID- 4040935
TI  - Changes in visual functions of children exposed as infants to prolonged
      illumination.
AB  - The visual system can be modified by early experience. Many infants requiring
      extensive medical treatment spend time in neonatal intensive care units in which
      they experience prolonged and relatively intense illumination. Visual functions
      were measured in a group of 7-year-old children who, as infants, were in
      intensive care for treatment of neonatal jaundice. Using procedures disguised as
      games, these children were tested for spatial and temporal resolution, receptor
      functions, and binocular vision. Especially in children whose eyes had not been
      shielded, deficits were found in color vision, spatial contrast sensitivity, and
      stereopsis, but not in rod vision.

PMID- 4040936
TI  - Prolactin pulsatility in polycystic ovarian disease.
AB  - Secretion patterns of LH and prolactin were studied in 5 nonobese (group A) and 7
      obese (group B) women with polycystic ovaries (PCO) by taking blood samples at 15
      min intervals for 6 h. Serum LH level showed a distinct pulsatility in all
      patients. There was no significant difference in the mean pulse rate of LH
      between group A (6.2 +/- 0.45, mean +/- SE) and group B (5.8 +/- 0.24). A
      pulsatile secretion pattern in prolactin was also found in 11 of the 12 PCO
      patients studied, the pulse rate being 3.2 +/- 1.0 in group A and 3.9 +/- 0.45 in
      group B. 79% of prolactin pulses coincided with those of LH but their amplitude
      was significantly lower than that of LH. In the total group of PCO patients a
      positive correlation was found between the serum concentrations of prolactin and
      free estradiol (r = 0.85), and prolactin and estrone (r = 0.78) indicating that
      estrogens participate in the regulation of prolactin secretion in polycystic
      ovarian disease. Four patients showed a steep decrease in the plasma prolactin
      level at the beginning of the study period suggesting a sensitive stress
      response.

PMID- 4040937
TI  - Influence of endogenous T3-autoantibodies on thyroid hormone measurements in a
      woman with transient postpartum thyroiditis.
AB  - Unreliable estimates of serum total T3 due to the presence of autoantibodies
      against T3 were observed in a woman who developed thyrotoxicosis followed by
      transient hypothyroidism after childbirth (postpartum thyroiditis). The T3
      autoantibody levels changed during the postpartum period in a similar way to the
      thyroid microsomal antibodies. The total T3 values were constantly low, whereas
      the measurement of free T3 by the Amerlex analogue method deviated from the
      expected only at the time of maximal antibody levels. Thus, evaluation of thyroid
      function may be complicated by the simultaneous presence of thyroid hormone
      autoantibodies and transient postpartum thyroiditis.

PMID- 4040938
TI  - The reproductive system in elderly men.

PMID- 4040939
TI  - Endocrine testicular secretion in aging males.

PMID- 4040940
TI  - Endocrine and metabolic aspects in male senescence.

PMID- 4040941
TI  - [Evolution of the indications for cesareans. Comparison of 1971-1976 and 1976
      1979 at the Maternity Center of the Louis-Mourier Hospital. Review of the
      literature].
AB  - Changes in the indications for caesarean operations were studied over a period of
      9 years from 1971-1979 and two periods from 1971-1975 and 1976-1979 were
      compared. The principal changes that show up are: an increase in the total number
      of caesarean sections from 5.3% in 1971 to 15.4% in 1979; modifications in the
      indications which were mainly due to much greater use of electronic means of
      monitoring the fetus and an improvement in the methods of resuscitation of the
      newborn (there were approximately the same number of caesareans for breech
      presentations, an increase in the number of repeat caesarean operations and of
      caesarean operations for fetal distress and for dystocia as well as for toxaemia
      of pregnancy); the improvement in the state of infants at birth seems to be
      parallelled by the increase in the number of caesarean operations. Though there
      was 8% neonatal morbidity, only 1% of these at the most could be put down to the
      caesarean; no maternal death occurred, although caesarean section is accompanied
      by an increased maternal morbidity of 27%. Reviewing the literature shows that
      the same tendencies occur in other places. This makes it possible to point out
      the ways in which action can be taken to limit the number of caesareans in those
      categories where the indications seem to be most frequent, namely dystocia,
      repeat caesareans, fetal distress and breech presentation. The optimum level of
      caesarean sections at 15% with 9% being first caesareans and 6% repeat caesareans
      should be kept to.

PMID- 4040942
TI  - Economic antecedents of help seeking: reformulation of time-series tests.

PMID- 4040943
TI  - Laboratory experiments to evaluate the ability of Arthrobotrys oligospora to
      destroy infective larvae of Cooperia species, and to investigate the effect of
      physical factors on the growth of the fungus.
AB  - Laboratory investigations were designed to study the influence of temperature, pH
      and oxygen tension on the growth of Arthrobotrys oligospora, a nematode-trapping
      microfungus. Experiments were performed to evaluate the potential role of A.
      oligospora in destroying third-stage larvae of Cooperia spp. on agar plates and
      in cattle faeces. The fungus had a growth rate optimum at 23 degrees C and pH 6.
      Anaerobic cultivation for 23 hours at 23 degrees C and 39 degrees C inhibited
      fungal growth, but it did not destroy the fungus, which regained growth upon a
      subsequent shift to aerobic conditions at 23 degrees C. Under experimental
      conditions in petri-dishes containing agar, the nematode-trapping efficiency of
      the fungus was striking in that 100% of a population of third-stage larvae of
      Cooperia spp. was captured within three days of the experiment. The trapping
      efficiency in faeces was shown to depend upon the inoculation level. At a
      concentration of approximately 2500 conidia per g faeces, 99% of the larvae were
      destroyed. The possibilities of using nematode-trapping fungi in controlling
      animal-parasitic nematodes are discussed.

PMID- 4040944
TI  - Homozygous chromosomal aberrations in Anopheles stephensi.
AB  - Homozygotes for six autosomal paracentric inversions, an inserted paracentric
      inversion, an autosomal translocation, and two X-chromosome-chromosome 3
      translocations in Anopheles stephensi are described. Three of these aberrations
      are being maintained in pure strains without the necessity of selection.

PMID- 4040945
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast. Identical twins differing in time of onset and severity
      implicate non-genetic factors influencing clinical course.

PMID- 4040946
TI  - Re: The binding of immunoglobulins to cytoskeletal intermediate filaments.

PMID- 4040947
TI  - Immunofluorescent detection of anti-cytoskeleton antibodies using vinblastine
      treated mononuclear cells.
AB  - A reliable and reproducible immunofluorescence method is described for the
      detection of anti-cytoskeleton antibodies in human sera, based on the use of
      vinblastine-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells as substrate. Three
      immunofluorescence patterns associated with antibodies to microfilaments,
      intermediate filaments and microtubules are readily identified.

PMID- 4040948
TI  - [Preclinical study of endoscopic laser coagulation of human ovaries].
AB  - The hemostatic potential of YAG laser irradiation was investigated in 21
      hysterectomy and adnexectomy patients of childbearing age. Endoscopic forceps
      were used to induce hemorrhaging in the ovarian capsule. The hemorrhage was then
      irradiated from a distance of 2cm using a series of 1-sec. irradiations at either
      30W or 50W until complete hemostasis occurred. In the 30W group, hemostasis was
      achieved after a total irradiation of 4.1 +/- 1.6 sec. while a significantly
      shorter time of 2.5 +/- 0.8 sec. was required in the 50W group (p less than
      0.01). The irradiation energy in the 30W and 50W groups was 107 +/- 45 J and 109
      +/- 35 J, respectively. Tissue temperature was measured during laser irradiation
      at 5mm and 10mm from the center of irradiation at a tissue depth of 5mm. In the
      30W group, the tissue temperature at the 5mm and 10mm points increased 6.6 +/-
      2.0 and 2.5 +/- 1.1 degrees C, respectively, while the temperature in the 50W
      group increased 8.5 +/- 3.5 and 3.1 +/- 0.9 degrees C respectively. No remarkable
      histological changes were noted in either group following irradiation. YAG laser
      irradiation during endoscopy is therefore considered to be a highly effective
      hemostasis for minor hemorrhages caused by instrument manipulation during
      endoscopic surgery.

PMID- 4040949
TI  - [A study of the properties of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) from total
      hydatidiform mole with low hCG immunoactivity].
AB  - A study was conducted to define biochemical characteristics of human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG) in total hydatidiform mole patients with low serum and urinary
      hCG levels and to inquire into the reason for its low immunological hCG level by
      comparing with the hCG of molar patients with a high hCG level. Both hCGs
      purified from chorionic tissue of molar patients with low and high hCG levels
      have essentially identical physicochemical, immunological and biological
      properties. They have low levels of biological activity and practically identical
      amino acid and carbohydrate compositions. It appears that moles of patients with
      high levels as well as those with low levels of immunoreactivity produce this
      purified form of hCG. Extracts of molar tissue from patients with high levels of
      hCG immunoreactivity also contained other substances with apparent
      immunoreactivity which can be found in small amounts in tissue extracts from
      patients who excreted low levels of hCG immunoreactivity. In contrast, extracts
      of molar tissue and urine from patients with low hCG levels contained hCG-like
      substances which cannot be detected with the ordinary commercial hCG immunoassay
      kits. These differences may account for the different levels excreted by these
      two types of patients.

PMID- 4040950
TI  - [Clinical trial of interferon in gynecologic cancers].

PMID- 4040951
TI  - [An autopsy of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with sepsis].

PMID- 4040952
TI  - A multicompartmental model of vitamin A kinetics in rats with marginal liver
      vitamin A stores.
AB  - A linear, first-order, constant-coefficient multicompartmental model is presented
      which describes the dynamics of [3H]retinol turnover in adult rats with normal
      plasma retinol concentrations but low liver stores (less than 100 micrograms of
      retinol equivalents). To fit plasma and tissue (liver, kidney, and rest of
      carcass) tracer and tracee data, eight physiological compartments were required
      in the model: two in plasma (proposed to correspond to the retinol transport
      complex, and retinyl esters in plasma lipoproteins) and two each in liver,
      kidneys, and other extrahepatic tissues. Extensive recycling of retinol among
      plasma, liver, and the rest of carcass was also required. The model predicted
      that 44% of whole body vitamin A (143 micrograms) was in extrahepatic tissues.
      The vitamin A utilization rate (system disposal rate) was 6.9 micrograms of
      retinol equivalents/day. The system residence time (mean sojourn time) for
      vitamin A was 21 days, and the fractional catabolic rate for the system was
      5%/day. The mean transit time (turnover time) for vitamin A in its plasma retinol
      transport complex was 0.078 days (1.9 hr); the residence time was 0.98 day,
      versus 11 days in the liver, 9 days in carcass, and 0.54 days in kidneys. The
      model predicted that, of the plasma turnover, 48% recycled to the liver and 52%
      to extrahepatic tissues. The liver retinol secretion rate was 48 micrograms/day,
      more than half of which was from recycled plasma retinol. Since the plasma
      retinol turnover rate (87 micrograms/day) was 13 times the system disposal rate,
      the data suggest that this is a high response system in which changes in the
      dynamics of recycling of retinol allow for rapid adjustment in vitamin A
      distribution in response to changes in nutritional, metabolic, or physiological
      conditions; and in which plasma retinol levels are controlled homeokinetically by
      changes in hepatic and extrahepatic recycling of holo retinol-binding protein.

PMID- 4040953
TI  - A technique for the rapid isolation and identification of psilocin from
      psilocin/psilocybin-containing mushrooms.
AB  - A method has been developed for the rapid isolation and identification of
      psilocin from psilocin/psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Based on the difference
      in the solubility properties in butyl chloride of psilocin and other constituents
      present in psilocin/psilocybin-containing mushrooms, psilocin was easily
      separated in pure form.

PMID- 4040954
TI  - Pituitary 5-hydroxytryptamine nerves--a possible link with pituitary hormone
      secretion.
AB  - A short review of the present knowledge on the innervation of the pituitary gland
      by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) containing nerves is given. This is followed by
      results of recent experiments in which the concentrations of 5-HT in different
      lobes of the rat hypophysis were measured under conditions in which pituitary
      hormone secretion was increased. A prolonged increase in hormone secretion
      induced by dehydration and increased sodium chloride intake resulted in a
      decrease in the 5-HT concentrations in the anterior lobe (AL). The 5-HT content
      of the neural (NL) and the intermediate lobe (IL) of these rats was hardly
      changed whereas that of DA was about doubled. Acute stimulation of pituitary
      hormone secretion by exsanguination under ether anaesthesia also caused a fall in
      the 5-HT content of the AL. In contrast, in the NL and in the IL of these rats,
      the 5-HT concentrations were significantly increased. This indicates that the 5
      HT system in the AL reacts differently from those in the NL and IL. Pituitary
      dopamine (DA) contents were not affected by ether and exsanguination. Thus, the
      pituitary DA and the pituitary 5-HT neuronal systems are activated independently
      in different endocrine states. The concentrations of 5-HT were also measured in
      10 groups of normal male or female rats in the course of 2 years and compared
      with those of DA. The concentrations of 5-HT were lowest in the AL with little
      variation between the different groups. In the rest of the tubero-hypophyseal
      system the concentrations of 5-HT were at least 3, and up to 10 times, higher
      than in the AL, with larger inter group variations. The DA concentrations in the
      AL were only 10-20% of those of 5-HT; in the other regions they were equal to or
      higher than those of 5-HT.

PMID- 4040955
TI  - Relationship among calmodulin-, forskolin-, and guanine nucleotide-dependent
      adenylate cyclase activities in cerebellar membranes: studies by limited
      proteolysis.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity in bovine cerebellar membranes is regulated by
      calmodulin, forskolin, and both stimulatory (Ns) and inhibitory (Ni) guanine
      nucleotide-binding components. The susceptibility of the enzyme to chymotrypsin
      proteolysis was used as a probe of structure-function relationships for these
      different regulatory pathways. Pretreatment of membranes with low concentrations
      of chymotrypsin (1-2 micrograms/ml) caused a three- to fourfold increase in basal
      adenylate cyclase activity and abolished the Ca2+-dependent activation of the
      enzyme by calmodulin. In contrast, the stimulation of the enzyme by GTP plus
      isoproterenol was strongly potentiated after protease treatment, an effect that
      mimics the synergistic activation of adenylate cyclase by Ns and calmodulin in
      unproteolyzed membranes. Limited proteolysis revealed low- and high-affinity
      components in the activation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin. The low-affinity
      component was readily lost on proteolysis, together with calmodulin stimulation
      of the enzyme. The activation via the high-affinity component was resistant to
      proteolysis and nonadditive with the Ns-mediated activation of the enzyme,
      suggesting that both effectors utilize a common pathway. The inhibitory effect of
      low concentrations (10(-7) M) of guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] on
      forskolin-activated adenylate cyclase was retained after limited proteolysis of
      the membranes, indicating that the proteolytic activation does not result from an
      impairment of the Ni subunit. Moreover, in the rat cerebellum, proteolysis as
      well as calmodulin was found to enhance strongly the inhibitory effect of
      Gpp(NH)p on basal adenylate cyclase activity. Our results suggest that calmodulin
      and Ns/Ni interact with two structurally distinct but allosterically linked
      domains of the enzyme. Both domains appear to be involved in the mode of action
      of forskolin.

PMID- 4040956
TI  - Studies on cytotoxic constituents in pericarps of Mallotus japonicus, Part I.
AB  - Two new phloroglucinol derivatives, named mallotophenone and mallotochromene,
      were isolated from the pericarps of Mallotus japonicus together with two known
      compounds, 3-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-5-(3-acetyl-2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-6-
      methoxybenzyl)-phloracetophenone and 2,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-4
      methoxyacetophenone. The new derivatives were confirmed to be 5-methylene-bis-2,6
      dihydroxy-3-methyl-4-methoxyacetophenone and 8-acetyl-5,7-dihydroxy-6-(3-acetyl
      2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-6- methoxybenzyl)2,2-dimethylchromene by their respective
      chemical and spectral data. Several of the phloroglucinol derivatives isolated
      from this tree were cytotoxic against the KB system and L-5178Y in cell culture.

PMID- 4040957
TI  - Adhesive interactions between normal and dystrophic human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - The adhesive properties of skin fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy (DMD) were studied by analysing cell aggregate formation in suspensions
      consisting of normal and DMD fibroblasts. By the use of aggregation kinetics and
      fluorescent labelling, the genotypic composition of aggregates in mixed-cell
      suspensions could be visualised. The distribution of normal and DMD cells within
      these aggregates could then be compared to theoretical binomial distributions
      which assume no difference in the specific adhesiveness between the two
      genotypes. Analysis of the 3- and 4-cell aggregates which were produced by co
      aggregating normal and DMD cells demonstrate that there is no qualitative
      (specific) difference in the adhesiveness between normal and DMD fibroblasts.
      However, quantitative changes in the cell-cell adhesion of DMD fibroblasts may be
      present, and this is supported by the relatively small proportion of intermediate
      size heterotypic aggregates which were formed in mixed-genotype cell suspensions.
      In such mixtures, fewer aggregates consisting of 5 or more cells were formed
      compared to fibroblast suspensions derived from pairs of normal individuals.
      Furthermore, cell suspensions from pairs of DMD patients produced even less
      greater than or equal to 5-cell aggregates than were found in the mixed-genotype
      experiments. These findings are considered in relation to previous reports of
      abnormal cell adhesiveness and other adhesion-related mechanisms in DMD cells.

PMID- 4040958
TI  - Renal and hepatic concentrations of platinum: relationship to cisplatin time,
      dose, and nephrotoxicity.
AB  - Autopsy tissues were obtained from 30 patients who had received cisplatin
      antemortem; the tissues were assayed for platinum by flameless atomic absorption
      spectrometry. Patients with antemortem evidence of renal toxicity had higher
      renal cortical platinum concentrations than did patients without evidence of
      kidney damage. In addition, patients with nephrotoxicity were more likely than
      patients without toxicity to have renal cortical platinum concentrations that
      were higher than renal medullary platinum concentrations. Overall, the two
      variables most closely associated with an increase in serum creatinine with
      treatment were renal cortical platinum concentration (P less than .02) and
      cumulative dose of cisplatin (P less than .05). These two variables were
      important independently of one another. Renal cortex platinum concentrations
      correlated inversely with time from last treatment until death, whereas hepatic
      platinum concentrations did not. In contrast, hepatic platinum concentrations
      correlated with dose of cisplatin while renal platinum concentrations did not.
      Our results suggest the following: (1) cisplatin-induced renal toxicity is tissue
      platinum-concentration dependent and cisplatin-dose dependent; and (2) cisplatin
      may be handled differently at the molecular level in liver and kidney.

PMID- 4040959
TI  - Lack of antiemetic effect of high-dose metoclopramide.
AB  - Sixteen of 26 patients given 51 courses of treatment of the doxorubicin and
      cisplatin combination with no antiemetic therapy suffered the same number of
      vomiting episodes and had the same duration of vomiting as did the remaining ten
      patients given 20 cycles of this chemotherapy plus the standard high-dose
      metoclopramide regimen. This antiemetic regimen caused significant side effects
      in one fifth of the patients receiving it.

PMID- 4040960
TI  - Neoplastic cerebral aneurysm from metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma. Case
      report.
AB  - This case of metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma presented as intracerebral
      hemorrhage from an atypical distal middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Operative
      evacuation of the intracerebral hematoma was undertaken and histopathological
      examination revealed choriocarcinoma invading the vessel wall. Neoplastic
      cerebral aneurysms are unusual, being reported in metastatic choriocarcinoma,
      cardiac myxoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma.
      Metastatic choriocarcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      intracerebral hemorrhage in women of child-bearing age. Recent advances in
      treatment have resulted in a 75% cure rate for metastatic choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 4040961
TI  - The effects of coprophagy in the adult rat on rate of passage of digesta and on
      digestibility of food fed ad libitum and in restricted amounts.
AB  - The rate of passage of digesta and the digestibility of a nonpurified diet were
      studied in adult female rats prevented from coprophagy on alternate weeks by
      confinement to their normal feeding tunnels in metabolism cages. In food
      restricted rats a decrease in the time for the first appearance in the feces of a
      digesta marker was noted when prevention of coprophagy was followed by permitting
      rats to feed on their feces while being maintained on a restricted food intake,
      as compared to control rats permitted coprophagy throughout. The prevention of
      coprophagy had no effect on the rate of passage of digesta along the small
      intestine. The prevention of coprophagy had no effect on the apparent
      digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, energy or protein when the rats were
      fed ad libitum. However, when rats had lost 20% or more of their body weight by
      restricted feeding, digestibility of the measured constituents of the food
      offered in restricted amounts increased, but this effect was abolished when
      coprophagy was prevented.

PMID- 4040962
TI  - [Chemoembolization with cisplatin-microcapsule].

PMID- 4040963
TI  - Monozygotic siblings discordant for neuroblastoma: etiologic implications.
AB  - Although rarely reported, neuroblastoma in monozygotic siblings merits attention
      because study of its features may aid in elucidating mechanisms of tumorigenesis.
      We describe disseminated neuroblastoma in one of monozygotic triplets, including
      both documentation of monozygosity and long-term follow-up of the unaffected co
      twins. Information from reports of monozygotic twins concordant and discordant
      for neuroblastoma reinforces the hypothesis that hereditary factors may be
      predominant in neuroblastoma diagnosed in infants, whereas nonheritable random
      mutational genetic events may be more important in neuroblastoma diagnosed after
      infancy.

PMID- 4040964
TI  - Physiologic testosterone or estradiol induction of puberty increases plasma
      somatomedin-C.

PMID- 4040965
TI  - Biliary atresia in two sets of twins.

PMID- 4040966
TI  - Histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in
      Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae (Trematoda) cultivated on the chick
      chorioallantois.

PMID- 4040967
TI  - Reversible inhibition of development and hatching of infective eggs of Ascaris
      lumbricoides var. hominis.

PMID- 4040968
TI  - Congenital unilateral orbital fibrosis with suspected prenatal orbital
      penetration.
AB  - Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles includes various abnormalities
      ranging from isolated fibrosis of a single muscle to bilateral involvement of all
      extraocular muscles. Congenital unilateral orbital fibrosis is a specific
      fibrosis syndrome with only five cases previously reported. Although these
      reports postulated that a prenatal orbital inflammatory process caused the
      fibrosis, no etiology was proposed, nor was a mechanism suggested for entrance of
      the inflammation into the orbit. We discuss three additional cases in which
      evidence suggested prenatal orbital penetration. In one, a dense scar was found
      at birth from the skin of the upper lid to beyond the trochlea. The second had a
      dense fibrous tract extending from the upper lid skin to the trochlea and beyond
      into the orbit without a skin scar. These lesions could have been inflicted by
      the fetuses' own fingers or toes or, in the second case, by the twin fetus. The
      third had a benign mesenchymoma of the nasopharynx and skull that had eroded the
      medial orbital wall, which was seen on computed tomography scan but not on
      routine x-rays. The nature of the inflammatory substance is unknown. There was no
      other evidence of inflammation or infection in the eight reported cases. Possibly
      amniotic fluid itself, entering the orbit "late" in gestation, might cause this
      inflammation. We recommend that all children with congenital unilateral orbital
      fibrosis be examined specifically for defects in the orbit, and that computed
      tomography be employed rather than plain x-rays.

PMID- 4040969
TI  - Two calcium-sensitive spike after-hyperpolarizations in visceral sensory neurones
      of the rabbit.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from rabbit nodose neurones in vitro. Two
      temporally distinct spike after-hyperpolarizations (a.h.p.s) were identified in a
      subpopulation of C-type neurones. The fast a.h.p. after a single spike lasted no
      longer than 500 ms, while the slow a.h.p. persisted for seconds. Both a.h.p.s.
      were increased in amplitude in low K+ (0.56 mM) solutions and decreased in
      amplitude in high K+ (11.2 mM) solutions, and both were reversed at
      hyperpolarized membrane potentials. The slow a.h.p. was reduced in low Ca2+ (0.22
      mM), in the presence of Ca2+ antagonists (Ni2+, 1 mM; Cd2+, 100 microM; or Co2+,
      1 mM) and was enhanced in tetraethylammonium (5 mM). In approximately half of the
      cells tested, the fast a.h.p. was reduced in low Ca2+ and in the presence of the
      Ca2+ antagonists. In the remaining cells the fast a.h.p. was insensitive to these
      procedures. Prostaglandin (PGE1, 1-10 micrograms/ml) reduced the slow a.h.p. in
      all cells tested. Neither the Ca2+-sensitive nor the Ca2+-insensitive fast a.h.p.
      was affected by the prostaglandin. It is concluded that there is a subpopulation
      of C-type nodose neurones possessing a slow a.h.p. which is due to a Ca2+
      dependent K+ current. This subpopulation of neurones can further be divided on
      the basis of the presence of a Ca2+-sensitive fast a.h.p. Furthermore, PGE1
      pharmacologically separates the fast and slow a.h.p.s by selectively blocking the
      slow one. The blockage by the PGE1 is most probably not due to a reduction in
      Ca2+ influx.

PMID- 4040970
TI  - Hormones, behaviour and the menstrual cycle.
AB  - To date therefore, no consistent hormonal abnormality has been linked with
      premenstrual affective, physical or behavioural changes and, in turn, no
      consistent adverse behaviour has been positively linked with any particular
      menstrual cycle phase. At the same time, the proportion of actively menstruating
      women reported to identify premenstrual changes of a severity sufficient to
      warrant the illness label continues to fall so that a figure somewhere between 2
      and 8% seems to be established where once figures in excess of 70% were claimed.
      The implication would seem to be that more thorough assessment of the relatively
      small number of women who are clearly identifiable as sufferers from cyclically
      mediated symptoms might well cast light on possible hormonal-behavioural links
      where larger, less careful studies of heterogeneous samples of women have failed
      to do so. The great majority of women appear to negotiate the premenstrual phase
      of their menstrual cycles with little or no impairment or difficulty. A small
      number appear to be vulnerable and the possibility that it is, at least in part,
      a biological vulnerability is hinted at in those reports which tentatively
      suggest that some women who are especially prone to post-partum 'blues' and who
      are particularly sensitive to oral contraceptives may be especially prone to
      premenstrual tension. Finally, the ubiquity of premenstrually perceived 'changes'
      as distinct from 'symptoms' raises the possibility that the extent to which a
      woman experiences various premenstrual changes as complaint or illness may depend
      'more on her basic personality and the circumstances in which she experiences the
      cyclical changes than on the underlying cyclical mechanism'.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040971
TI  - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the uterus of the vervet monkey.
AB  - Experimental conditions for the optimal measurement of estrogen (ER) and
      progesterone (PR) receptors in normal vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops
      pygerythrus) uteri are described. The uteri of this primate were found to contain
      relatively high concentrations of both ER and PR. Levels of ER ranged from 151 to
      822 femtomoles per mg protein (mean for group assayed is 327 +/- 165 femtomoles
      per mg protein). PR assays were performed on the same cytosols and the levels
      ranged from 444 to 2267 femtomoles per mg protein (mean of 1285 +/- 511
      femtomoles per mg protein). Mean Kd values for the ER- and PR-ligand complexes
      were found to be 3.15 +/- 1.4 X 10(-10)M and 2.38 +/- 0.2 X 10(-9)M respectively,
      within the group analysed (n = 21). The ratio of PR to ER varied between 1.1 and
      13.1 with a mean of 4.5 +/- 2.4. Ligand specificity studies revealed that [3H]-17
      beta-estradiol binding to the ER could only be inhibited by estrogens or estrogen
      analogues. The PR however exhibited an affinity for a wider range of ligand
      types. In low ionic strength buffers both ER and PR sedimented as approximately
      8S type molecules in the presence or absence of 10mM sodium molybdate. Both
      receptors dissociated into smaller components, following a short exposure to 0.4
      M KCl and subsequent centrifugation in a gradient containing 0.4 M KCl.

PMID- 4040972
TI  - Observations on variability in LH release and fertility during oestrus in the
      domestic cat (Felis catus).
AB  - Hormonal changes, behaviour, ovulation and fertility were examined in response to
      coitus at two different times during oestrus in the female domestic cat housed in
      conditions of natural light (N = 13). On Day 2 or Day 4/5 of oestrus females were
      allowed 1 copulation in 15 min (single matings) or 2-3 copulations in 30 min
      (multiple matings). Plasma LH, oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone concentrations
      during the 24-h period after coitus were measured by radioimmunoassay; ovulation
      was assumed to have occurred if progesterone values were elevated 7-30 days after
      coitus. With the exception of 2 out of 3 animals receiving single matings on Day
      2 of oestrus, all animals showed subsequent elevated progesterone values. Females
      receiving multiple matings had significantly greater releases of LH as measured
      by the area under the curve than those receiving single matings. There was
      significantly greater variability in the LH response of queens on Day 2 of
      oestrus compared to those on Day 4/5 for peak values and area under the curve;
      the only failure in release of LH was in queens on Day 2. Oestradiol levels did
      not differ significantly between Day 2 and Day 4/5 of oestrus. Progesterone
      values remained less than 1 ng/ml for 24 h after coitus. Both LH peak values and
      area under the curve were significantly greater for animals that became pregnant.
      There were also significant differences in coital behaviour between queens on Day
      2 and those on Day 4/5 of oestrus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4040973
TI  - Comparison of the rate of decline in plasma progesterone concentrations at a
      natural and progesterone-synchronized oestrus and its effect on tonic LH
      secretion in the ewe.
AB  - The pattern of change in plasma progesterone and LH concentrations was monitored
      in Clun Forest ewes at a natural oestrus and compared to that observed after
      removal of progesterone implants. The rate of decline in plasma progesterone
      concentrations after implant withdrawal (1.8 +/- 0.2 ng/ml h-1) was significantly
      greater (P less than 0.001) than that observed at natural luteolysis (0.2 +/- 0.1
      ng/ml h-1), and this resulted in an abnormal pattern of change in tonic LH
      secretion up to the time of the preovulatory LH surge. This more rapid rate of
      progesterone removal was also associated with a shortening of the intervals from
      the time that progesterone concentrations attained basal values to the onset of
      oestrus (P less than 0.05) and the onset of the preovulatory LH surge (P less
      than 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the duration of the
      LH peak, preovulatory peak LH concentration, ovulation rate or the pattern of
      progesterone concentrations in the subsequent cycle. It is suggested that the
      abnormal patterns of change in progesterone and tonic LH concentrations may be
      one factor involved in the impairment of sperm transport and abnormal patterns of
      oestradiol secretion known to occur at a synchronized oestrus.

PMID- 4040974
TI  - Progesterone priming and age of ewe affect the life-span of corpora lutea induced
      in the seasonally anovulatory Merino ewe by the 'ram effect'.
AB  - Increasing doses of progesterone from 0 to 20 mg, given as a single i.m.
      injection, increased the proportion of corpora lutea that had a normal life-span
      when induced in ewes by the introduction of testosterone-treated wethers from 54%
      (19/35) to 100% (34/34). Injection of progesterone did not affect the induction
      of ovulation and 95% (130/136) of the anovulatory ewes ovulated. Nevertheless, a
      low proportion of ewes displayed oestrus between Days 16 and 26 after the
      introduction of testosterone-treated wethers (Exp. 1, 47%, 92/196; Exp. 2, 50%,
      502/1000). Many of the ewes that did not display oestrus also failed to ovulate
      again (Exp. 1, 70%, 37/53). The proportions of anovulatory adult and maiden ewes
      that ovulated after the introduction of testosterone-treated wethers were not
      significantly different but significantly fewer maiden ewes were detected in
      oestrus.

PMID- 4040975
TI  - Internal and external determinants of the timing of puberty in the female.
AB  - A working hypothesis is proposed to account for the timing of puberty in female
      sheep. In the immature female, the frequency of LH pulses is low, and ovarian
      follicles do not develop to an advanced stage. During the pubertal transition,
      the frequency of LH pulses increases to drive follicular development and the
      production of oestradiol which evokes the gonadotrophin surge and ovulation.
      Central to the hypothesis is the hypothalamic pulse generator for GnRH that
      directs the pattern and level of LH secretion. Growth-related cues are monitored
      to regulate the activity of the GnRH pulse generator. When a sufficient body size
      is attained, the frequency of LH pulses increases both because the sensitivity to
      oestradiol inhibitory feedback decreases and because the GnRH pulse generator can
      be accelerated by the steroid. This increase in LH pulse frequency occurs
      provided the female has experienced the requisite exposure to photoperiod, i.e.
      the long days of summer followed by the short days of autumn. These photoperiodic
      cues are transduced by the pineal gland into a humoral signal which is an
      increased nocturnal production of melatonin. Failure to grow to the appropriate
      body size or to experience the appropriate exposure to photoperiod leads to a
      maintenance of the prepubertal anovulatory condition because the GnRH pulse
      generator operates at low frequency.

PMID- 4040976
TI  - Epidemiologic study of carcinoma in situ of the cervix.
AB  - From 1950 to 1979, 1,248 cases of cancer in situ were treated in the Department
      of Gynecology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo. Detailed data were obtained from
      585 of the patients by interview. Many patients had had their first sexual
      experience at an early age. Many had had more than two sexual partners, and there
      was a large discrepancy between the age at first sexual intercourse and at first
      marriage. The above factors seem to be related to the development of cancer in
      situ.

PMID- 4040977
TI  - Potential neuroleptic agents. 3. Chemistry and antidopaminergic properties of
      substituted 6-methoxysalicylamides.
AB  - A series of substituted 6-methoxysalicylamides were synthesized from their
      corresponding 2,6-dimethoxybenzamides by demethylation of one methoxy group with
      boron tribromide. Substituted 6-methoxysalicylamides having a lipophilic aromatic
      substituent in the 3-position para with respect to the methoxy group, e.g. a
      bromo or an iodo atom or an ethyl or a propyl group, and having an (S)-N-(1-alkyl
      2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl moiety as the side chain were found to be potent blockers
      of [3H]spiperone binding in vitro and potent inhibitors of the apomorphine
      syndrome in the rat. Similar to remoxipride but in contrast to haloperidol, some
      of the substituted salicylamides show a 10-20-fold separation between the dose
      that inhibits hyperactivity and that which inhibits stereotypy. It was concluded
      that, besides the requirement of a lipophilic substituent in the position para to
      the methoxy group for antidopamine activity in vivo, the formation of a coplanar
      six-membered pseudoring involving the amide moiety and the methoxy group is a
      structural requirement for activity in vitro.

PMID- 4040978
TI  - Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relation to pathological mechanisms.
AB  - In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, clinical symptoms such as
      exertional dyspnea, angina and collapse are considered to be rather the
      consequence of diastolic than of systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. Beta
      blocker therapy is aimed at reducing systolic overcontraction while calcium
      blockers predominantly therapy is aimed at reducing systolic overcontraction
      while calcium blockers predominantly improve diastolic filling characteristics.
      Therefore 61 consecutive patients with well defined hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      were treated with calcium channel blockers: 60 patients with verapamil at average
      dose 530 mg (320 to 720 mg/d) and one patient received 30 mg nifedipine. All
      patients had clinical, noninvasive and cardiac catheterization evaluation at the
      time of entry into the study. Therapy was continued for an average of 54 months
      (10 to 96). Follow-up studies were performed at 6-month intervals. Subjective
      improvement was achieved in 47 of 55 symptomatic patients (85%). Heart size,
      judged as heart volume from tele-chest X-ray in supine position, showed a
      reduction in 36/61, no change in 15/61 and increase in 10/61. On average in all
      61 patients, a significant reduction from 947 to 833 ml/1.73 m2 was seen. Twenty
      six patients who had been followed for an average of 24 months prior to verapamil
      therapy on beta blockers or no treatment had heart volume increases averaging 12%
      in the pre-verapamil period. Electrocardiography (ECG) showed a significant
      reduction in QRS amplitude and a tendency towards normalization of ST/T segments.
      Serial echocardiography study showed small but significant reduction in left
      atrial diameter. Repeat catheterization was performed in 19 patients and a
      significant reduction in intraventricular pressure gradient, left ventricular
      muscle mass and coronary artery diameter was demonstrated. Three patients died
      during the study (256 patient-treatment-years) for an annual mortality rate of
      1.3%. This mortality is considerably lower than reported for patients receiving
      no treatment, beta-blockade, or surgery. Of all 61 patients only one had surgery
      related to the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. One patient had the dose of verapamil
      reduced because of the occurrence of heart block. No patient discontinued the
      drug because of side-effects. Utilizing serial noninvasive and invasive studies,
      we conclude that verapamil therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy results in
      objective and subjective improvement, a low death rate and little need for
      operation as compared to standard therapy.

PMID- 4040979
TI  - Incompetent urethral sphincter in a girl with a unilateral single ectopic ureter.
AB  - A rare case of an incompetent urethral sphincter associated with a unilateral
      single ectopic ureter is reported. Urinary incontinence persisted even after
      removal of a dysplastic kidney draining into the vagina. No neurological defect
      was found. Manual compression of the bladder elicited urine leakage from the
      urethra, and the urethral closure pressure was markedly low. Cystometry and
      voiding cystourethrography were normal. Continence was restored completely by a
      urethral sling operation.

PMID- 4040981
TI  - Relative urethral leakage pressure versus maximum urethral closure pressure. The
      reliability of the measurement of urethral competence with the new tube-foil
      sleeve catheter in patients.
AB  - In 78 female patients the urethral leakage pressure, defined as the intravesical
      pressure at which leakage starts from the urethral orifice, was estimated with
      the tube-foil sleeve catheter. In accordance with the definition of maximum
      urethral closure pressure, the relative urethral leakage pressure was defined as
      urethral leakage pressure minus intravesical resting pressure. In the same
      patients urethral closure pressure was also measured by urethral pressure
      profilometry with a flexible micro pressure-sensor catheter. On the average the
      ratio of relative urethral leakage pressure/urethral closure pressure was about
      0.5. Relative urethral leakage pressure and urethral closure pressure were higher
      than the maximum detrusor pressure increases during detrusor instabilities in 21
      continent patients with motor urge. The relative urethral leakage pressure
      correlated better with the detrusor pressure elevations at which fluid loss from
      the urethral orifice started in 24 motor urge incontinent patients than urethral
      closure pressure did.

PMID- 4040980
TI  - Transvaginal closure of the bladder neck and placement of a suprapubic catheter
      for destroyed urethra after long-term indwelling catheterization.
AB  - We report on 6 women with continuous urinary incontinence as a late complication
      of an indwelling urethral catheter for neurogenic bladder. Pressure necrosis by
      the balloon resulted in progressive destruction of the entire urethra, with
      subsequent incontinence despite the catheter. Surgical attempts at bladder neck
      closure to correct the incontinence generally have been unsuccessful. Instead of
      supravesical urinary diversion, we performed transvaginal closure of the bladder
      neck and percutaneous placement of a permanent suprapubic tube cystostomy. All 6
      patients remained dry after closure and none has shown upper urinary tract
      deterioration at followup for as long as 5 years.

PMID- 4040982
TI  - Urethral instability: related to stress and/or urge incontinence?
AB  - Urethral instability (pressure variations of more than 15 cm. water during
      bladder filling) was noted in 12 of 34 women with bladder instability and 13 of
      139 with a stable bladder. Of the patients 10 had urge, 5 mixed and 8 genuine
      stress incontinence, while 1 had enuresis and 1 had recurrent cystitis. A clear
      correlation between urethral pressure variations and electromyographic
      fluctuations in the anal and/or urethral sphincter was found in 14 of 17
      patients. Only urethral pressure variations of more than 35 cm. water are
      reported as provoking urgency. Different types of pressure fluctuations are
      described but no fundamental differences or causative factors were found. A
      nervous rather than a vascular factor is designated as the main cause for
      urethral instability.

PMID- 4040983
TI  - Mortality of northern fur seal pups in relation to growth and birth weights.

PMID- 4040984
TI  - Idiopathic apical left ventricular aneurysm in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
      Report of 3 cases, and review of the literature.
AB  - In a review of 160 cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which underwent
      hemodynamic studies, 3 cases of apical aneurysm of the left ventricle of
      unidentifiable etiology were found. Bearing in mind the rarity of apical
      idiopathic left ventricular aneurysms, the authors believe this association with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is of some interest and point out the possible
      pathogenetic mechanisms.

PMID- 4040985
TI  - [Mitoxantrone in the treatment of relapsed and refractory malignant lymphoma].
AB  - Mitoxantrone is an anthracenedione with structural similarities to adriamycin but
      without the amino-sugar moiety on the parent molecule. The compound attracted
      attention on the basis of animal tumor studies in which it showed equal or
      superior efficacy compared to adriamycin, but with diminished cardiotoxicity; and
      it was not fully cross-resistant to adriamycin. Our in vitro studies using human
      small cell lung cancer cell line (SBC-3) disclosed the absence of cross
      resistance between mitoxantrone and adriamycin: SBC-3/ADM, which had developed
      resistance by continuous exposure to increasing concentration of adriamycin, was
      as equally sensitive to mitoxantrone as SBC-3 was when tested by clonogenic
      assay. A phase II study conducted in our Department revealed that mitoxantrone
      was active to malignant lymphoma refractory to conventional agents including
      adriamycin: 6 (33%) of 18 patients responded to the agent. Based on the results
      of our phase II studies of mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cisplatin in malignant
      lymphoma, we have conducted a phase III study of a 4-drug combination of these 3
      drugs plus prednisolone in relapsed or refractory lymphoma: Out of 14 patients, 3
      responded completely and 4 did partially, so far. The regimen would appear useful
      as a salvage therapy for refractory lymphoma.

PMID- 4040986
TI  - [Collaborative phase II study of etoposide (NK-171). Urological Cooperative Study
      Group of etoposide (NK-171)].
AB  - Phase II study of Etoposide administered intravenously and orally was performed
      in 163 patients with urologic malignancies for the clinical evaluation of
      responses and adverse effects. The eligibility of the patients and evaluation of
      the responses were carried out according to the general criteria proposed by
      Koyama and Saito. Out of the 163 patients registered in the study, it was
      possible to evaluate 141. In the cases of intravenous administration, the
      response rates were 16.7% in testicular cancer mostly refractory to prior
      therapy, 15.6% in bladder cancer, 7.7% in prostatic cancer, and 0% in renal cell
      route. The overall response rate was 11.1%. Toxicities were noted in the
      gastrointestinal tract, the rates being 54.4% for anorexia, 35.4% for nausea and
      17.7% for vomiting. Alopecia was observed at a high incidence of 72.1%.
      Myelosuppression leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were the other prominent adverse
      effects.

PMID- 4040987
TI  - [Interaction of cytoskeleton and cell membrane].

PMID- 4040988
TI  - [A case with complete remission of local recurrence of ureteral tumor after cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and radiation].

PMID- 4040989
TI  - [Combined therapy of bladder cancer].

PMID- 4040990
TI  - [A microscope coupled with an argon laser for microsurgery of retinal
      detachment].

PMID- 4040991
TI  - Study of fetal organ growth in Wistar rats from day 17 to 21.
AB  - A total of 1633 Wistar rat fetuses was used to determine weights of the fetus and
      several fetal organs on days 17 to 21 of gestation. Heart, lung, liver, kidney,
      stomach, intestine, brain, femur, thyroid and adrenal weights were recorded.
      Growth curves of the whole body and organs were calculated. A linear semi-log
      relationship between organ weight and day of gestation was shown. The doubling
      weight times were 1.5 days for whole bodies and for organs they ranged between
      0.9 (spleen) and 3.4 (adrenals) days. A correlation between the rate of organ
      growth and the start of the organ function was observed.

PMID- 4040992
TI  - A continuum model for surface contraction waves.
AB  - The periodic travelling waves which appear on some animal eggs after
      fertilization are considered here. These are thought to be caused by a calcium
      initiated calcium release on the surface, causing calcium waves. A continuum
      model is developed where the cell is treated as a small viscous droplet with a
      surface contamination. When a periodic source of surfactant acts at one pole and
      propagates down the cell surface to the opposite pole, the drop responds by
      forming constriction rings which move from pole to pole.

PMID- 4040993
TI  - Diurnal profiles of plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide (VIP) in man.

PMID- 4040994
TI  - [Essential thromboembolism: study of 9 cases].

PMID- 4040995
TI  - [Severe thrombocytopenia and intravenous heroin].

PMID- 4040996
TI  - [Thrombocytopenia and methadone].

PMID- 4040997
TI  - [Flattening of hypertrophic scars by punctiform argon ion laser coagulation in
      several sessions].
AB  - 11 hypertrophic scars were treated by different argon ion laser techniques. The
      observation period is 0.5-3 years. Punctiform coagulation zones of 2-3 mm
      diameter, interspersed by untreated areas of scar tissue of 2 mm length, which
      are by lasered 6 weeks later in a second laser session, has proved most
      successful. Laser sessions are repeated in this manner until sufficient
      flattening of the hypertrophic scar is achieved. A low power density and very
      brief multiple interrupted radiation periods for controlling the thermal effect
      are useful. It is assumed that small superficial coagulation necroses produced by
      the argon ion laser will result in subsequent scar tissue being formed in other
      directions while decreasing the collagen formation, eventually resulting in
      flattening of the hypertrophic scar.

PMID- 4040998
TI  - Adenylate cyclase activity and motor behavior following cerebral ischemia in the
      unanesthetized gerbil.
AB  - Five minutes of bilateral carotid occlusion in unanesthetized gerbils produced
      substantial changes in spontaneous locomotor activity. Behavior was decreased
      after 1 hr of reperfusion and was increased at 24 hrs post-ischemia. Adenylate
      cyclase activity was measured in homogenates of frontal cortex and hippocampus at
      90 min and 24 hrs following 5 min of cerebral ischemia. Enzyme activity was
      determined in the absence and presence of the activators guanosine-5'
      triphosphate (GTP), guanylyl-5'-imidodiphosphate (GppNHp), isoproterenol (Iso)
      plus GTP, and forskolin (Fors) plus GTP. Homogenates responded with expected
      increases over basal adenylate cyclase activity with addition of all activators.
      An additional small increase in isoproterenol-stimulated activity was observed in
      frontal cortex homogenates at 90 min post-ischemia. No other significant changes
      in adenylate cyclase activity were observed after either 90 min or 24 hrs of
      reperfusion. The substantial increases in locomotor activity evident at 24 hrs
      after transient ischemia are not associated with measurable changes in adenylate
      cyclase activity in homogenates of frontal cortex or hippocampus.

PMID- 4040999
TI  - Pharmacological alleviation of cholinergic lesion induced memory deficits in
      rats.
AB  - The cholinergic cells of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) have recently been
      found to degenerate in Alzheimer's disease and are thought to be at least partly
      responsible for the cognitive deficits which are characteristic of this disease.
      These experiments explored the behavioral effects of bilateral excitotoxic
      lesions of the nbM in adult rats. The first experiment showed that nbM lesions
      lead to a substantial deficit in the 24 hour retention of the habituation to a
      novel environment without affecting general exploratory behavior. The second
      experiment showed that this retention deficit is a general phenomenon reflected
      in the 72 hour retention of a one trial passive avoidance task. These retention
      deficits could be reversed by the postacquisition administration of the
      acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine. These results support the
      hypothesis that central cholinergic systems are involved in the retention of
      learned responses, and suggest that cholinergic lesion induced retention deficits
      can be reversed by pharmacological means.

PMID- 4041001
TI  - Purification of a cell growth inhibitor from bovine cerebral cortex cells.
AB  - A glycopeptide, isolated from bovine cerebral cortex cells and added in only
      nanogram levels to cells in culture, has been shown to inhibit both cell protein
      synthesis and cell division. When purified by gel filtration and Ulex europaeus
      lectin affinity chromatography, the radioiodinated preparation was subjected to
      high resolution isoelectric focusing and shown to contain three species of
      macromolecules. The glycopeptide focusing at pH 8.1 comprised over 75% of the
      radioiodinated material and possessed inhibitory activity against both cell
      protein synthesis and cell division. A second species that focused at pH 8.3 was
      also found to be inhibitory to cell metabolism and may have represented a variant
      of the major glycopeptide.

PMID- 4041000
TI  - Sensitization to stress: the enduring effects of prior stress on amphetamine
      induced rotational behavior.
AB  - In rats with a unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the substantia nigra exposure to
      footshock or immobilization stress produced a long-lasting enhancement in the
      rotational behavior evoked by a subsequent injection of amphetamine. However, the
      effect was dependent on the environmental context in which stress was applied. It
      is suggested that stress may induce enduring changes in brain and behavior
      similar to those produced by psychomotor stimulant drugs.

PMID- 4041002
TI  - Rapid induction of supersensitivity to muscarinic antagonists-induced motor
      excitation by continuous stimulation of cholinergic receptors.
AB  - Following single or repeated treatment with the irreversible anticholinesterase,
      DFP or, during infusion of the muscarinic receptor agonist, oxotremorine, and the
      reversible anticholinesterase physostigmine, effects of challenges with
      muscarinic antagonists were studied in rats. The antagonists, atropine,
      scopolamine, benztropine, orphenadrine and trihexyphenidyl induced, to a low
      degree, limb-shakes (myoclonus) and stereotyped behaviors in normal rats.
      However, within 24-72 hr after the above pretreatments, this myoclonus was
      significantly enhanced. The anticholinergic-stereotypies were also increased but
      only by severe cholinergic pretreatment and at a time later than that for the
      myoclonus. Myoclonus and stereotypies are known to be produced by treatments
      which directly enhance serotonergic and dopaminergic activities, respectively. It
      is suggested that during prolonged cholinergic stimulation, the cholinergic
      monoaminergic balance in the brain can be altered depending upon the degree of
      stimulation. This could be responsible for the observed differential onset of
      changes in the anticholinergic-behavioral responses, which could, in turn, be
      mediated by different monoaminergic (serotonin and dopamine) systems.

PMID- 4041003
TI  - Sterol carrier protein.

PMID- 4041004
TI  - Chronic alcohol ingestion alters the calcium permeability of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum of rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - Heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was prepared from skeletal muscle of control
      and chronic alcoholic rats, and the effect of in vitro addition of ethanol on the
      passive Ca2+ permeability was studied. The SR was loaded with Ca2+ in the absence
      of ATP. Then efflux was initiated by adding an EGTA solution to decrease the
      extravesicular Ca2+ concentration. The decrease of Ca2+ content of the SR was
      measured by an optical method using an encapsulated metallochromic indicator
      (calcein). The Ca2+ permeability of alcoholic rat SR was higher than that of
      control rats, especially at low external Ca2+ concentrations (below 1 microM). An
      in vitro (acute) exposure of SR to ethanol increased the Ca2+ permeability of the
      SR. However, the degree of increase in alcoholic rat SR was smaller than that in
      control rat SR.

PMID- 4041005
TI  - Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane of rat skeletal muscle is disordered with chronic
      alcohol ingestion.
AB  - Heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was prepared from skeletal muscle of chronic
      alcoholic rats and control rats. Compared with control rat SR, the SR prepared
      from alcoholic rats is leakier to Ca2+ and has a lower level of maximum storable
      Ca2+. With in vitro exposure to ethanol, the Ca2+ release of alcoholic rat SR was
      not enhanced as much as that of SR prepared from control rats. By using the spin
      probes 5-, 7-, 12-, and 16-doxylstearic acid, the disordering effect of ethanol
      on the SR membrane was studied. The results suggest that SR membrane of chronic
      alcoholic rats is less ordered than that of control rats even in the absence of
      in vitro ethanol. However, chronic SR membrane shows a greater resistance to the
      disordering effect of in vitro addition of ethanol than control rat SR.

PMID- 4041006
TI  - Crosslinking of chromosomal antigen common in human tumors to DNA by cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum (II).
AB  - The antisera specific for dehistonized HeLa cell chromatin were obtained by
      injecting rabbits or goats. Treatment of chromatin with cis-DDP crosslinked the
      active proteins to DNA thus preventing dissociation of the proteins in a high
      salt environment. Immunochemical staining of electrophoretically separated
      chromosomal proteins transferred to nitrocellulose sheets revealed that cis-DDP
      among others crosslinked the protein with m.w. of about 81 000. This protein is
      the only major protein antigen presented in several human tumors and absent in
      normal human tissues.

PMID- 4041007
TI  - Rapid induction of selective transcription by auxins.
AB  - Nuclei isolated from excised soybean plumules that were treated with 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were active in transcription of four auxin
      regulated genes or DNA sequences, which have been described previously (G. Hagen,
      A. Kleinschmidt, and T. Guilfoyle, Planta 162:147-153, 1984). The rates of
      transcription of the auxin-responsive sequences were 10- to 100-fold greater with
      nuclei isolated from auxin-treated plumules than with those from untreated
      plumules. The transcriptional response was also observed with hypocotyls of
      intact soybean seedlings and hypocotyl sections, as well as with green bean and
      mung bean plumules that were treated with 2,4-D. Other auxins, including 2,4,5
      trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, and indole-3-acetic
      acid, also induced the transcriptional response. Increased transcription rates
      were observed within 5 min after application of auxins to excised plumules, and
      half-maximal to maximal transcription rates were achieved by 15 min after
      application of auxins. As little as 10(-7) to 10(-8) M 2,4-D induced a
      transcriptional response, but maximal transcription rates were achieved at 10(-3)
      M 2,4-D. Brief treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide did
      not inhibit the induction of transcription by auxins. These results clearly
      demonstrated that auxin-regulated gene expression is under rapid transcriptional
      control.

PMID- 4041008
TI  - Echovirus encephalitis/myositis in X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

PMID- 4041009
TI  - Dawn phenomenon in IDDM.

PMID- 4041010
TI  - The mycotoxicological chain and contamination of food by ochratoxin A in the
      nephropathic and non-nephropathic areas in Yugoslavia.
AB  - Research was carried out on the distribution of moulds on cereals in vegetation
      and in storerooms in the period from 1974 to 1981 and on ochratoxin (OA) in
      stored maize and wheat as well as residues of OA in the organs of swine in the
      nephropathic and non-nephropathic areas in the SR of Croatia, Yugoslavia. It was
      shown that moulds belonging to toxogenic species contaminate cereals in
      vegetation to an approximately equal degree in both areas (Penicillium 6.6-20.0%,
      Aspergillus 2.5-6.6% and Fusarium 80-100%). Stored cereals were contaminated by
      species of Penicillium 75-82.8%, Aspergillus 2.5-27.1% and Fusarium 57.1-82.5%,
      with a somewhat higher degree of contamination in the nephropathic area.
      Ochratoxin A occurs on cereals on the whole territory of the SR of Croatia, but
      average concentrations are higher in the nephropathic area (45% of the positive
      findings of OA were over 2 mg/kg). Residues of OA in the kidneys (16-77
      micrograms/kg), liver (0-21 micrograms/kg) and blood (36-77 micrograms/l) were
      detected in 38 organs taken from swine in the nephropathic area, but this toxin
      was not found in the 6 samples taken from the non-nephropathic area. In the same
      organs histopathological changes were found in the kidneys (interstitial
      nephritis with parenchymal degeneration of the distal parts of the tubular
      epithel) and liver (interstitial hepatitis with fatty degeneration of the liver).

PMID- 4041011
TI  - Splitting hairs and other intermediate filaments.

PMID- 4041012
TI  - Control of eukaryotic messenger RNA synthesis by sequence-specific DNA-binding
      proteins.
AB  - The enzymatic machinery that carries out RNA synthesis provides the cell with the
      means to adjust the patterns of transcription in response to environmental and
      developmental signals. In eukaryotes, this regulation is mediated in part by
      promoter-specific transcription factors, which are DNA-binding proteins with the
      ability to discriminate between distinctive DNA sequence elements found in the
      promoter regions of different genes. The presence of these factors bound to DNA
      enables other components of the transcriptional machinery, including the RNA
      polymerase, to initiate transcription with selectivity and accuracy.

PMID- 4041013
TI  - The health care professional's role in occurrence of cerebral palsy.

PMID- 4041014
TI  - Nebraska stillborn survey--1981.

PMID- 4041015
TI  - Lack of effect of GABA on [3H]leucine incorporation into a rat oviduct ribosomal
      system.
AB  - A ribosomal system for [3H]leucine incorporation was isolated from the rat
      oviduct in order to study the possible effect of GABA on [3H]leucine
      incorporation during the estrous cycle. The system showed an absolute requirement
      for Mg2+ and about 50% dependence on an energy source. Optimal [3H]leucine
      incorporation occurred under 3-6 mM Mg2+ and 100 mM K+ and was higher in
      diestrous-1 than in estrous or proestrous. GABA (10 mM) had no effect on
      [3H]leucine incorporation in any of the three estrous phases studied.

PMID- 4041016
TI  - Pathogenesis of mouse scrapie: dynamics of vacuolation in brain and spinal cord
      after intraperitoneal infection.
AB  - At the late clinical stage of scrapie in mice, the severity and distribution of
      vacuolation in the brain (the lesion profile) is largely determined by the strain
      of agent and the genotype of the mouse: under controlled conditions, lesion
      profiles can be used to distinguish between scrapie strains. This paper describes
      the sequential development of lesions in brain at much earlier times and includes
      a study of spinal cord. Mice (CW) were infected intraperitoneally with 139A
      scrapie. Grey matter vacuolation first occurred in thoracic cord, developing
      later in lumbar and cervical cords, and then in various brain regions in a caudal
      to rostral sequence. This pattern closely matches the sequential spread of
      infection from mid-thoracic cord to much of the CNS that was previously found in
      this scrapie model. Further studies of grey matter in spinal cord suggest that
      agent entered the mid-thoracic region via sympathetic fibres. Vacuolation in
      white matter mirrored the grey matter pattern within an area but always occurred
      later. The severity of grey matter vacuolation in the four areas of the CNS where
      it developed early, reached plateau levels before the clinical stage of scrapie,
      but the severity was still increasing at the clinical stage in areas where
      vacuolation had started late. Hence the severity of lesions in a particular area
      may sometimes be limited by the time available for them to develop before the
      host dies. It appears that the distribution of vacuolation in this particular
      scrapie model is initially influenced by that of the infectious agent and only
      later does it reflect the distribution of vacuolation target areas shown by the
      characteristic lesion profile.

PMID- 4041017
TI  - Mechanisms underlying hypertensive reactions under emotional stress.
AB  - In experiments on alert cats shifts of the systemic hemodynamics under emotional
      stress were studied. The hypertension caused by confrontation with a dog is shown
      in most cases to be attended by suppression of the baroreceptor reflexes.
      Hypertension does not develop in these animals after section of the sinocarotid
      and aortic nerves. In 2 cats the baroreceptor reflexes did not change under
      emotional stress and deafferentation of the carotid sinuses and arch of the aorta
      intensified hypertension upon confrontation with a dog. It is concluded that
      diverse mechanisms lead to hypertension under emotional stress in different
      animals.

PMID- 4041018
TI  - [Breast carcinoma concurrent with pregnancy].

PMID- 4041019
TI  - Suckling decreases dopamine turnover in both medial and lateral aspects of the
      median eminence in the rat.
AB  - The effect of suckling on dopamine (DA) turnover was studied in the medial and
      lateral aspects of the median eminence. In 10-day postpartum lactating rats
      suckling decreased DA turnover 2.2-fold in the medial and 2.1-fold in the lateral
      median eminence. Norepinephrine turnover did not differ in suckled and non
      suckled rats. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that decreased DA
      release is a component of the neuroendocrine reflex mediating suckling-induced
      prolactin release. The results further indicate that dopaminergic neurons
      distributing to both medial and lateral aspects of the median eminence are
      involved in the suckling response.

PMID- 4041020
TI  - D-Amino acids influence ultrasonic calling in mice pups: effects of D
      phenylalanine and D-leucine.
AB  - 6-day-old mice pups were injected with D-amino acids (D-phenyl-alanine + D
      leucine), and their ultrasonic distress vocalizations were measured. D-Amino
      acids, which exert opioid-like effects, reduce the number of ultrasonic calls
      without affecting the activity of the pups. This effect is reversed by naloxone,
      an opioid antagonist. The role of endogenous opioids in modulating early
      attachment is discussed.

PMID- 4041022
TI  - Treating violence.

PMID- 4041021
TI  - Diurnal variations in electroconvulsive shock-induced seizures: involvement of
      endogenous opioids.
AB  - Electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced seizures present a clear cut diurnal
      rhythmicity when BALB/c mice are subjected to a light-dark (L/D) schedule. On the
      contrary, in the absence of external synchronizers no evident fluctuations in
      epileptic behaviour were evident. Naloxone decreased the threshold of ECS-induced
      convulsions, thus confirming an involvement of opioids in this type of behaviour.
      These findings indicate that opioids present a diurnal (L/D) but not circadian
      (L/L) rhythmicity in BALB/c mice.

PMID- 4041023
TI  - The potential role of blowflies in the transmission of taeniid tapeworm eggs.
AB  - In laboratory studies with 3 species of Calliphora more than half were shown to
      ingest eggs of Taenia hydatigena from the surface of dog faeces with a maximum of
      over 5000 eggs in 1 fly. Most eggs were voided within 48 h and between 38 and 48%
      of these eggs had lost their embryophores. In field studies carried out in the
      South Island of New Zealand, traps baited with dog faeces captured the following
      blowfly species in decreasing order of abundance: Hybopygia varia, Calliphora
      quadrimaculata, C. hortona and C. stygia. Peak numbers were trapped in January,
      February and March. Almost 25% of wild flies, caught after feeding for up to 3
      min on dog faeces naturally contaminated with taeniid eggs, had eggs in their
      intestine. When administered to lambs all 4 species of fly transferred infection.
      Lambs grazed in winter on plots near kennels that had housed dogs with patent
      infections of T. hydatigena acquired higher worm burdens than those grazed
      further away. The burdens were greater downwind of the prevailing wind. After
      removal of the dogs, blowflies caught in the vicinity contained taeniid eggs but
      the contents of pitfall traps did not. Blowflies, and to a much lesser degree the
      insects and dust caught on sticky traps during the presence of the dogs,
      transferred infection when administered to naive lambs.

PMID- 4041024
TI  - [Effect of enkephalins on the activity of stress hormones in acute myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 4041026
TI  - [Model for studying the effect of intrauterine synechiae on the estrous cycle].

PMID- 4041025
TI  - [Delayed hypersensitivity reaction and natural cellular immunity. A comparative
      study of the effectiveness of different immunomodulators].

PMID- 4041027
TI  - [Prevention of heart contractile function disorders in myocardial infarct by
      preliminary adaptation to brief stress exposures].

PMID- 4041028
TI  - Immobility experiments with dogs of the Arkansas Line of Nervous Pointers.
AB  - As demonstrated in four experiments, dogs and pups of the Arkansas Line of
      Nervous Pointers, in contrast to kennel-mate dogs of the normal line, respond to
      manual inversion and brief restraint in an open sling with prolonged, mainly
      hypertonic, immobility. This response is consistent and replicable. At least in 4
      month-old pups, the duration of sling immobility is positively correlated with
      the degree of behavioral pathology as determined by the objective Human
      Interaction Test. We found no evidence of basic difference between upright
      freezing and supine immobility.

PMID- 4041029
TI  - Impaired renal acidification in infants with fetal alcohol syndrome.
AB  - Urinary acidification was studied in six unrelated infants with fetal alcohol
      syndrome and eight healthy age-matched infants. Creatinine clearance, fractional
      sodium excretion, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone were normal in
      all patients but fractional potassium excretion was lower in the patients than in
      the controls (p = 0.0001). After ammonium chloride loading, minimum urine pH was
      significantly higher in FAS patients than in control subjects (5.5 +/- 0.1 and
      4.7 +/- 0.1, respectively, p = 0.00005). Net acid excretion was also lower in the
      patients (24.5 +/- 1.7 Eq/min) than in the controls (27.8 +/- 2.1 Eq/min, p =
      0.008). Following sodium bicarbonate loading, fractional bicarbonate excretion
      was significantly higher (p = 0.00005) and fractional potassium excretion
      significantly lower (p = 0.002) in the patients than in the controls with
      comparable blood pH and bicarbonate levels. Treatment with chlorothiazide lowered
      plasma potassium and raised plasma bicarbonate to normal levels (p = 0.05).
      Concomitantly, fractional sodium excretion, fractional potassium excretion, and
      urinary net acid excretion increased significantly (p = 0.01). We conclude that
      patients with fetal alcohol syndrome have a defect in distal acidification and
      potassium excretion which cannot be attributed to abnormal aldosterone secretion.

PMID- 4041030
TI  - [Congenital spherocytosis in children with particular reference to the neonatal
      period].

PMID- 4041031
TI  - Aicardi syndrome in one dizygotic twin.
AB  - The Aicardi syndrome consists of infantile spasms, defects of the corpus
      callosum, dorsal vertebral anomalies, and chorioretinal lacunar defects. The
      etiology is, as yet, unknown. The most likely cause, however, is an X-linked
      mutational event that is lethal in males. The first case of the Aicardi syndrome
      known to occur in one twin is reported. The patient was female and her unaffected
      sibling was male. This provides strong evidence to support the theory of an X
      linked mutational event as the cause of this condition. The typical chorioretinal
      defects, often difficult to document because these children die at an early age,
      are clearly illustrated in this report.

PMID- 4041032
TI  - [Dynamics of the composition of lipids in human milk during lactation].
AB  - The authors have studied the total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in the
      milk of 30 mothers over a lactation period of 4 days to 10 months. The total
      lipids showed diurnal oscillations with a minimal level in the morning and
      maximal level (P less than 0.001) at 1 p.m. and a slight decrease in the evening,
      without reaching the levels found in the morning. The lipid concentration in the
      milk decreases after 4 months of lactation. The oscillations of the lipids take
      place on the expense of the triglyceride content (r = 0.99). Cholesterol
      represented on the average 1.54% of the lipid content, showed a maximum level at
      a month and decreased after 6 months of lactation. The dynamics of lipid
      composition of the human milk suggests a physiologic significance in the
      development of the infant.

PMID- 4041033
TI  - An anonymous single-copy X-chromosome RFLP for DXS72 from Xq13-Xq22 [HGM8
      provisional no. DXS72].

PMID- 4041034
TI  - Vasopressin does not enhance memory processes: a study in human twins.
AB  - Behavioral effects of lysin-vasopressin (LVP) were investigated applying two
      paradigms from human experimental psychology. The first task was designed to
      simulate amnesic symptoms in normals. The second task addressed the emotional
      value of the items to be processed. Additionally, EEG recordings were used as
      indicators of the central nervous system effectiveness of LVP. Blood pressure and
      heart rate measured peripheral arousal. The co-twin control method was employed
      to increase experimental power. Contrary to the prediction of the vasopressin
      memory hypothesis none of the specific memory parameters was improved by LVP
      treatment. Changes in the electrical activity of the brain, but not in blood
      pressure and heart rate indicated central nervous system actions of LVP. However,
      interpretation of LVP effects in terms of memory processing seems not to be
      justified.

PMID- 4041035
TI  - UV suppression of mast cell-mediated wealing in human skin.
AB  - Prior exposure of normal skin to subthreshold doses of UVR from a "UVA"
      phototherapy cabinet resulted in a small but significant reduction of the wealing
      response to intradermally injected codeine phosphate, a mast cell degranulating
      agent. The flare component of the reaction was not affected, nor were the
      responses to intradermally injected histamine. Both UVA and UVB from banks of
      filtered fluorescent tubes appeared to produce a similar but less pronounced
      effect. Dose-response studies revealed that the inhibition of mast cell-mediated
      wealing required a certain cumulative threshold dose of UVR (about 35 J/cm2 UVA +
      20 mJ/cm2 UVB). The observed reduction in wealing could not be entirely explained
      by differences in the content of tissue histamine. It is concluded that repeated
      exposure to a broad range of UV wavelengths can depress the response of mast
      cells in vivo to degranulating agents by an unknown mechanism. This finding may
      have relevance to some of the observed therapeutic effects of phototherapy in
      certain inflammatory dermatoses and especially cutaneous mast cell disorders.

PMID- 4041036
TI  - The cholinergic influences on aggression in isolated mice.
AB  - The influence of cholinomimetics and cholinolytics on the isolation-induced
      aggression in mice was examined. Arecoline, bethanechol, carbachol, oxotremorine,
      pilocarpine, and physostigmine were found to potentiate aggression, while
      cholinolytics - atropine and scopolamine - suppressed aggressive behavior.
      Cholinolytics with no central action did not inhibit aggression. The results
      indicate that in addition to catecholamines also the cholinergic system may
      participate in the behavioral model under examination.

PMID- 4041037
TI  - The central action of carbamazepine as a potential antidepressant drug.
AB  - Carbamazepine (CBZ) was studied in mice and rats with regard to its
      antidepressant activity. CBZ did not counteract hypothermia and ptosis induced by
      reserpine, hypothermia evoked by apomorphine, or sedation and hypothermia induced
      by clonidine. CBZ shortened the immobility time in the behavioral despair test in
      rats (but not in mice). It attenuated hyperactivity evoked by d-amphetamine, not
      affecting stereotypy induced by that drug. CBZ inhibited head twitches evoked by
      5-HTP, as well as the hind limb flexor reflex of the spinal rat, having no effect
      on its stimulation by noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine agonists. CBZ
      administered repeatedly did not enhance clonidine aggressiveness or d-amphetamine
      locomotor hyperactivity, acting differently than many antidepressant drugs. The
      obtained results indicate that CBZ is not similar in its action to typical and
      many atypical antidepressants.

PMID- 4041038
TI  - The short child. A matter of time or cause for concern?
AB  - Short stature is less likely to have an endocrine basis than is commonly thought.
      Any of a number of chronic systemic diseases can slow growth, short stature may
      result from a genetic tendency or disorder, growth may be constitutionally
      delayed, or it may be retarded by intrauterine influences. True endocrine causes
      include thyroid or adrenal disorder, growth hormone deficiency, and psychosocial
      dwarfism. Although growth hormone deficiency is quite rare, it has received
      increased attention recently. The capability to produce human growth hormone by
      recombinant DNA techniques presents the prospect that replacement therapy will be
      more readily available to those patients who might benefit from it. Caution is
      called for, however, in making use of this agent for patients other than those
      with proven growth hormone deficiency.

PMID- 4041039
TI  - Mediastinal zygomycosis.
AB  - A young girl with pulmonary zygomycosis involving the mediastinum and presenting
      as superior vena caval obstruction is reported. Mediastinal involvement due to
      zygomycosis is a rare occurrence.

PMID- 4041040
TI  - Primary nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary.
AB  - Primary choriocarcinoma of the ovary arising, presumably, from a germ cell is
      extremely rare. The patient, a 16 year old girl who presented with dysuria and
      frequency of micturition developed fatal haemoperitoneum due to rupture of a pure
      primary nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 4041041
TI  - EORTC Genitourinary Group Monograph 2, Part A: Therapeutic principles in
      metastatic prostatic cancer. Proceedings of a symposium held in Rotterdam, The
      Netherlands, September 14 and 15, 1984.

PMID- 4041042
TI  - Selective memory loss following nucleus basalis lesions: long term behavioral
      recovery despite persistent cholinergic deficiencies.
AB  - Rats were trained for several months to perform a radial arm maze task and then
      given either sham or ibotenic acid lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis
      (NBM), the primary cholinergic projection to the neocortex. The lesion produced a
      profound and apparently selective disturbance in memory for recent events.
      Further testing revealed that although the memory deficit persisted for several
      weeks, a gradual but complete recovery eventually occurred. Moreover, when these
      functionally recovered rats were later tested on a passive avoidance task that is
      normally sensitive to lesions of the NBM, no deficit was found. Thus, the post
      lesion recovery of function generalized to a different memory test, upon which no
      post-lesion practice had been given. Post-mortem determinations revealed that the
      lesions caused marked neurodegeneration of the NBM, and decreases in both
      cortical choline acetyltransferase activity and high affinity choline uptake, but
      had no effect on density of muscarinic receptors. No evidence of neuronal
      recovery or neurochemical compensatory changes in the cholinergic system was
      found in the cortical projection areas, lesion site, or in parallel cholinergic
      systems terminating in the hippocampus or olfactory bulb. These results support
      the idea that the cortically-projecting cholinergic cells of the NBM normally
      play an important role in mediating recent memory. However, they also demonstrate
      that any simple relationship between the function of this brain region and the
      mediation of recent memory is unlikely. Finally, the results of this study direct
      attention toward issues related to the mechanisms involved with the recovery of
      function, and the extent to which degeneration of this brain area may contribute
      directly to the severe disturbance of cognitive function associated with certain
      neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, Pick's and Parkinson's disease).

PMID- 4041043
TI  - Age of testing as a factor in the behavioral effects of early lead exposure in
      rats.
AB  - The behavioral effects of postnatal administration of lead during weaning were
      tested in young and adult rats. Rats received either 10 mg/kg IP lead acetate or
      equimolar sodium acetate daily for the first twenty days of life. Tests of
      performance on an 8-arm radial maze and a passive avoidance task were begun at 25
      days after birth or 90 days after birth. Lead-treated rats did not perform
      significantly different than control rats on the radial arm maze at either age
      tested. Young lead-treated rats performed with significantly longer lick
      latencies than young control rats on the passive avoidance task. Adult lead
      treated rats performed with shorter food latencies than adult control rats. A
      group of young rats was retested on the passive avoidance task at 150 days after
      birth. Performance on the retest was similar to their early performance.
      Differences in performance of young and adult lead-treated animals on the passive
      avoidance task are discussed in terms of an interaction of the effects of lead
      exposure, maturation, and early experience.

PMID- 4041044
TI  - The role of central noradrenergic neurons in electroconvulsive shock-induced
      muricide inhibition in olfactory bulbectomized rats.
AB  - In order to elucidate the role of central monoaminergic neurons in
      electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced muricide inhibition in the olfactory
      bulbectomized rat (OB rat), we examined the effect of chemical or electrical
      lesions of each monoamine-containing neuron on ECS-induced muricide inhibition.
      ECS-induced muricide inhibition was antagonized by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      treatment and locus coeruleus lesions, while it was unaffected by desipramine + 6
      OHDA, substantia nigra lesion, and desipramine + 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. The
      present results strongly suggest that ECS-induced muricide inhibition of the OB
      rat is due to increased activity of the noradrenaline but not of dopamine and
      serotonin neurons.

PMID- 4041045
TI  - Effects of tunnel maze complexity on caffeinic hyperactivity in the rat.
AB  - The study investigated effects of caffeine on spontaneous tunnel locomotion
      without consummatory reward. The stimulant effects consisted in delayed
      intrasession habituation, and they differed in magnitude according to dosage and
      the complexity of the tunnel arrangements. In a simple hexagonal tunnel without
      choice points, 16 mg/kg BW produced greater stimulation than other doses, and
      this most efficient dose became less effective if tunnels were arranged according
      to the radial maze paradigm. No stimulation was obtained if an open field was
      incorporated into the maze. Caffeine also had no effect on open field behavior,
      but it tended to improve the efficiency of radial arm maze patrolling, and its
      significantly depressed exploration of short tunnel arms branching from the
      radial arms in favor of exploration of the more distant radial tunnel ends.

PMID- 4041046
TI  - Acute and chronic behavioral interactions between phencyclidine (PCP) and
      amphetamine: evidence for a dopaminergic role in some PCP-induced behaviors.
AB  - Amphetamine and phencyclidine (PCP) are both proposed to exert effects on
      unconditioned behavior through dopaminergic mechanisms. However, a relatively
      complete characterization of their effects in rats reveals markedly different
      response profiles. Furthermore, whereas acute co-administration of amphetamine
      and PCP resulted in an increase in one component of stereotypy, repetitive head
      movements, two measures of locomotor activation, i.e., ambulation and nonfocused
      sniffing, were unchanged, and rearings were reduced. In addition, the response
      alterations which occur with repeated administration of these drugs did not
      display cross-sensitization. Thus, although repeated daily injections of
      amphetamine, which produced progressive locomotor augmentation, sensitized
      animals to the locomotor-stimulating effects of PCP, repeated PCP treatment,
      which also resulted in locomotor augmentation, decreased the locomotor response
      to a challenge injection of amphetamine. These findings suggest significant
      differences in the mechanisms underlying the effects of acute and repeated
      administration of PCP and amphetamine.

PMID- 4041047
TI  - A twin study of cardiac reactivity and its relationship to parental blood
      pressure.
AB  - The cardiac reactivity of 40 monozygotic and 40 dizygotic pairs of young male
      twins was monitored during psychological challenge, as afforded by a video game.
      The observed pattern of variation could not be accounted for solely by
      environmental factors. In fact, a simple genetic model that implicated additive
      genetic effects, along with those stemming from individual environments, best
      fitted the data. In addition, cardiac reactions were substantially greater for
      subjects whose parents both had relatively elevated blood pressure. Overall,
      these data suggest individual differences in cardiac reactivity have a heritable
      component, and that high reactivity may be a precursor of elevated blood
      pressure.

PMID- 4041048
TI  - Effects of malnutrition and environment on the acquisition and extinction of
      avoidance behavior in rats.
AB  - Twelve newborn rats were fed by mothers maintained on a protein-deficient diet
      (12% casein, M) during lactation, and 12 rats fed by mothers maintained on a diet
      containing 25% casein were used as controls (C). After weaning, all animals were
      fed standard lab ration. Half of each group was housed individually (MI and CI),
      while the other half was allowed to live in pairs (MP and CP). When adult, all
      animals were trained to avoid footshocks by jumping onto a platform. Training
      sessions consisted of 40 trials starting with a 20 sec light stimulus (CS) and
      followed by a 2 sec, 0.6 mA shock (US) with an average intertrial interval of 54
      sec. When all animals displayed consistent avoidance behavior, the extinction
      phase was initiated. The procedure was the same as for the training sessions
      except that the shock generator was disconnected. Extinction continued until each
      animal showed a 50% reduction in avoidance performance. During acquisition, MI
      learned faster than CI and CI showed greater avoidance performance than CP, but
      no differences were observed between MP and CP. During extinction, group M
      responded more persistently than group C. The present acquisition results may
      explain the contradictory data reported in the literature with respect to the
      effects of malnutrition on avoidance performance, since environmental stimulation
      was shown to reduce the effects of early malnutrition. Individually housed
      animals showed greater avoidance performance during both phases.

PMID- 4041049
TI  - Pentobarbital-induced drinking does not rely on a renal dipsogen.
AB  - Injections of pentobarbital have been shown to produce drinking in both deprived
      and nondeprived rats and a number of other studies have shown that pentobarbital
      is a potent renin releasor. Since renin has been shown to be involved in thirst
      regulatory mechanisms and since the dipsogenic actions of other renin-releasing
      agents have been blocked by nephrectomy, we sought to determine whether or not
      pentobarbital-induced drinking relies on a renal dipsogen. Rats were either
      "sham" operated or nephrectomized under ether anesthesia. Five to six hours
      later, animals in each group were injected with either 9.5 mg/kg pentobarbital
      sodium or vehicle, and intakes were measured 60 minutes later. Statistical
      analysis of water intakes indicated that pentobarbital produced significant
      drinking in both control operated and in nephrectomized rats, and that the
      intakes in these two groups did not differ. These results indicate that
      pentobarbital-induced drinking is not secondary to increased plasma renin
      activity and may suggest the involvement of central mechanisms in the drinking
      response.

PMID- 4041050
TI  - Acute and conditioned blood pressure changes in relation to social and
      psychosocial stimuli in rats.
AB  - The naturally occurring tendency to compete with other rats for territorial space
      has been used to study individual behavior characteristics and blood pressure
      reactivity to social stimuli in adult male TMD-S3 rats. The competitive
      characteristics of the individual rats are consistent in two different social
      situations (victory and defeat). Blood pressure responses during the victory of
      home territory rats over intruders was more pronounced in the more competitive
      animals. In addition to defeat by a trained fighter rat, the experimentals were
      also psychosocially stimulated by the fighter while it was confined in a small
      wire mesh cage. The blood pressure response to this event was enhanced by the
      prior defeat of the test animal by the one now confined to the small cage. This
      response was more pronounced in competitive rats. This approach has potential as
      an animal model of etiological processes in socially induced hypertension.

PMID- 4041051
TI  - Timing of parturition and postpartum mating in Norway rats: interaction of an
      interval timer and a circadian gate.
AB  - Two temporal variables have been implicated in the timing of postpartum heat in
      Norway rats: time of day and time since parturition. The nature of the
      interaction between these variables is not clearly understood. We extend previous
      observations on this problem to freely behaving animals continuously videotaped
      during parturition and postpartum mating in a seminatural habitat. The timing of
      postpartum mating is best described by a model in which an interval timer is
      coupled to a circadian gating mechanism. Interactions between circadian and
      interval timing mechanisms may be widespread in the neuroendocrine control of
      behavior.

PMID- 4041052
TI  - Time-contingent change in infanticide and parental behavior induced by
      ejaculation in male mice.
AB  - About 50% of sexually-naive male CF-1 mice (Mus musculus) commit infanticide
      (kill young). But, 80-90% of male mice commit infanticide between 1-4 days after
      mating. Between 12 and 50 days after mating infanticide is inhibited and most
      males (80-100%) behave parentally toward young (they build a nest, retrieve and
      groom the young, and hover over the young to keep them warm). Beginning at 60
      days after mating, infanticide is again facilitated and parental behavior is
      inhibited (70-80% of males commit infanticide). The facilitation and inhibition
      of infanticide as a function of time after mating is mediated by the act of
      ejaculating rather than by mounting and intromitting during mating or by
      cohabiting with a female either before or after mating. The experience of
      committing infanticide either prior to mating or within the first 4 days after
      mating does not influence the facilitation of parental behavior that occurs 12
      days after mating. But, repeated contact with young after males become parental
      serves to maintain parental behavior for an extended period of time. The age of
      the young (newborn-20 days old) utilized as stimulus animals does not influence
      these time-dependent changes in the behavior of male mice after ejaculation. This
      phenomenon is unique in that a response (infanticide) to a novel stimulus (young)
      is facilitated, then inhibited, and then facilitated again as a function of time
      between an event (ejaculation) and exposure to the novel stimulus.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041053
TI  - Behavioral insensitivity to progesterone during lactation in female rats.
AB  - Lactating female rats failed to display sexual receptivity after receiving 50
      micrograms of estradiol benzoate followed by 1 mg of progesterone. Lactating rats
      appear to be insensitive to progesterone, based on several experiments. In
      ovariectomized control rats receiving moderate estrogen priming (1 microgram EB
      for 3 days), progesterone greatly facilitated sexual receptivity; similarly
      estrogen-primed lactating females showed no responsiveness to progesterone
      injections, even at a high dose of progesterone (10 mg). Consistent with this
      reduced behavioral responsiveness to progesterone, lactating females had
      significantly reduced nuclear progestin receptor levels after an injection of 1
      mg progesterone compared to ovariectomized controls. On the other hand, both
      ovariectomized controls and lactating rats responded with high levels of
      receptivity to 3 days of priming with 10 micrograms of estradiol benzoate
      (without progesterone). Lactating females treated for 3 days with a moderate dose
      (1 microgram) of estradiol benzoate showed slightly reduced receptivity compared
      to ovariectomized controls; this result could reflect a reduced sensitivity to
      estrogen but is more likely related to the somewhat lower serum levels of
      estradiol and consequently lower nuclear estrogen leading to a reduced
      sensitivity to progesterone cannot be eliminated (since animals respond to
      progesterone only after estrogen priming); however, the reported results favor
      the idea that lactating females are primarily refractory to progesterone and do
      not have a generalized insensitivity to estrogen.

PMID- 4041054
TI  - Transition from pup killing to parental behavior in male and virgin female albino
      rats.
AB  - In the first part of this study, the effect of habituation to pups was examined
      in virgin female and male Sprague-Dawley rats that committed infanticide in a
      screening test. With repeated exposure to test pups (5-10 days old), the rats
      ceased to commit infanticide and came to behave parentally. Preexposure to
      inaccessible pups (confined inside wire-mesh baskets) did not accelerate the rate
      of disappearance of infanticide during subsequent contact with young, which
      suggests that pup killing is not a neophobic response to the novelty of young. In
      the second part of the study, three groups of infanticidal male Wistar rats were
      mated and tested for their responses towards unrelated pups after different
      intervals of cohabitation with their mates. The males continued to commit
      infanticide at the time that their mates were at midpregnancy or 24 hr before
      parturition, but males that cohabited with their mates till day 9 postpartum no
      longer attacked the young. Thus, the mother rat, presumably by means of
      postpartum aggression, renders her mate noninfanticidal, thereby reducing the
      likelihood of her offspring being harmed when she is away from the nest.

PMID- 4041055
TI  - Sexual behavior frequency and biphasic ovulatory type menstrual cycles.
AB  - College students whose menarche had occurred 7 years previously, prospectively
      recorded menstrual and sexual behavior history for 14 weeks as well as basal body
      temperatures. Regular weekly coital activity associates with the highest
      incidence of fertile type cycles in this sample of young women as follows: (1)
      Regular weekly heterosexual behavior was associated with 29.5 +/- 3 day menstrual
      cycle length. Less frequent sexual activity (sporadic) and celibacy were
      associated with an increased frequency of aberrantly short and long cycle
      lengths. (2) Either of two heterosexual behaviors (coitus and/or genital
      stimulation by a man) were behaviors which were adequate as associates of 29.5 +/
      3 day cycles. (3) Self-stimulation (masturbation to orgasm) was inadequate as an
      associate of the above-described pattern of menstrual cyclicity. (4) Women with
      regular weekly coital activity had the highest incidence (90%) of fertile type
      basal body temperature (BBT) rhythms. Sporadically active women had the next
      highest incidence (55%) of fertile type BBT rhythms. Celibate women had the
      lowest incidence (44%) of fertile type BBT's.

PMID- 4041056
TI  - Fractionation of the cataleptic bracing response in rats.
AB  - In haloperidol-treated rats, bracing, i.e., resistance to displacement along a
      horizontal surface, was found to involve four components: gripping by the digits,
      extension by the limbs, stiffening of the body axis and arching the vertebral
      column towards the displacing force. Labyrinthectomy weakened the bracing of the
      forequarters as did application of a head bandage. Labyrinthectomy, when combined
      with head bandage, completely abolished all forequarter bracing responses.
      Neither manipulation affected the bracing responses of the hindquarters. The
      hindquarter bracing reaction was abolished by application of an abdominal
      bandage, which left most of the forequarter responses intact. Isolation of fore-
      and hindquarter bracing responses revealed that whereas gripping by the digits
      and extension by the limbs could occur independently in either part of the body,
      stiffening of the body axis and arching of the vertebral column originated in the
      hindquarters. However, although these latter components of bracing originate in
      the hindquarters, as evidenced by their abolition with application of an
      abdominal bandage, their recruitment into the anterior of the body only occurred
      when the bracing of the forequarters was unimpaired. Either labyrinthectomy or
      head bandage prevented stiffening and arching of the vertebral column from
      occurring in the forequarters, even though these procedures had no effect on the
      hindquarters. Labyrinthectomy, head bandage and abdominal bandage all
      fractionated the bracing response over a wide range of haloperidol dosages (0.5,
      1.0, 2,5, 5,0 and 7.5 mg/kg).

PMID- 4041057
TI  - Wheel-running during anoestrus and oestrus in the ferret.
AB  - Wheel-running activity was studied in female ferrets (Mustela putorius furo),
      during periods of anoestrus and oestrus, as well as after gonadectomy. During
      anoestrus wheel-running was restricted to the hours of illumination, but during
      oestrus extended into the dark period and was increased overall, with the number
      of wheel revolutions being doubled or trebled. In spayed females wheel-running
      was mostly limited to the light periods.

PMID- 4041058
TI  - Thermal control of maternal contact bouts: the interbout interval.
AB  - Cooling mother rats by means of sodium salicylate injections did not curtail the
      intervals between maternal contact bouts. To the contrary, the interbout
      intervals were prolonged, suggesting that the relief from hyperthermia is a
      necessary but not a sufficient condition for the reinitiation of pup contact by
      mother rats. The ability of sodium salicylate to suppress maternal temperature
      suggests that pyrogenic and lactational increases in temperature may have some
      common feature.

PMID- 4041059
TI  - Neurochemical basis of stress-induced depression.

PMID- 4041060
TI  - Involvement of opioid peptides in the analgesic, immunosuppressive, and tumor
      enhancing effects of stress.

PMID- 4041062
TI  - Cell cycle age dependence for radiation-induced G2 arrest: evidence for time
      dependent repair.
AB  - Exponentially growing eucaryotic cells, irradiated in interphase, are delayed in
      progression to mitosis chiefly by arrest in G2. The sensitivity of Chinese
      hamster ovary cells to G2-arrest induction by X rays increases through the cell
      cycle, up to the X-ray transition point (TP) in G2. This age response can be
      explained by cell cycle age-dependent changes in susceptibility of the target(s)
      for G2 arrest and/or by changes in capability for postirradiation recovery from
      G2-arrest damage. Discrimination between sensitivity changes and repair phenomena
      is possible only if the level of G2-arrest-causing damage sustained by a cell at
      the time of irradiation and the level ultimately expressed as arrest can be
      determined. The ability of caffeine to ameliorate radiation-induced G2 arrest,
      while inhibiting repair of G2-arrest-causing damage makes such an analysis
      possible. CHO cell monolayers were irradiated (1.5 Gy), then exposed to 5 mM
      caffeine for periods of 0-10 hr. Cell progression was monitored by the mitotic
      cell selection procedure. In the presence of caffeine, progression of irradiated
      cells was relatively unperturbed, but on caffeine removal, G2 arrest was
      expressed. The duration of G2 arrest was independent of the length of the prior
      caffeine exposure and, since cells of all ages were ultimately examined, the
      duration of arrest was also independent of cell cycle age at the time of
      irradiation. This finding indicates that the target for G2-arrest induction is
      present throughout the cell cycle and that the level of G2-arrest damage incurred
      is initially constant for all cell cycle phases. The data are consistent with the
      existence of a time-dependent recovery mechanism to explain the age dependence
      for radiation induction of G2 arrest.

PMID- 4041061
TI  - Nocturnal serum melatonin in major depressive disorder before and after
      desmethylimipramine treatment.

PMID- 4041063
TI  - DNA polymerase alpha and beta activities during the cell cycle and their role in
      heat radiosensitization in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - The levels of DNA polymerase alpha and beta activities were measured during the
      cell cycle using a total cell homogenate technique. The results indicate a
      decrease in the levels of both enzyme activities during the G1 phase and a
      gradual increase as cells enter the S phase. The recovery of DNA polymerase
      activities was measured after heating for 10 min at 45.5 degrees C during the G1
      phase (1.5 hr after mitotic release) or S phase (8-9 hr after mitotic release).
      This treatment reduced the levels of DNA polymerase beta activity to 20-30% and
      DNA polymerase alpha activity to 40-50% of their control activity for both G1 and
      S phase. The activity of DNA polymerase beta recovered fully during 20-25 hr
      after heating for both G1 phase or S phase cells. There was no recovery of the
      activity of DNA polymerase alpha during this time. Survival was measured when
      cells were irradiated (4 Gy) at various times after hyperthermia (10 min at 45.5
      degrees C), and for both G1 and S phase the interaction between heat and X rays
      disappeared by 20-25 hr after heating and the same increase was observed for the
      recovery of DNA polymerase beta activity. Furthermore, treatment with
      cycloheximide inhibited protein synthesis and prevented recovery from heat damage
      assayed in terms of both cell survival and beta polymerase activity. These
      results, in addition to experiments with heat protection by glycerol or
      thermotolerance induced with sodium arsenite or fractionated heat doses, suggest
      that beta polymerase may be an important enzyme involved in repairing X-ray
      induced damage that can result in cell lethality.

PMID- 4041064
TI  - Plasminogen activator activity in lung and alveolar macrophages of rats exposed
      to graded single doses of gamma rays to the right hemithorax.
AB  - Male rats were sacrificed 2 or 6 months after a single dose of 0-30 Gy of 60Co
      gamma rays to the right hemithorax. At autopsy, macrophages were lavaged from the
      right lung, counted, and frozen. The right (irradiated) and the left (shielded)
      lungs were frozen, then assayed for plasminogen activator (PLA) activity by the
      fibrin plate lysis method. Freeze-thawed macrophages were assayed for both PLA
      activity (125I-fibrin clot lysis method) and fibrinolytic inhibitor activity
      (inhibition of urokinase-induced fibrin lysis). There was a linear, dose
      dependent decrease in right lung PLA activity over the dose range of 10-30 Gy at
      2 and 6 months postirradiation, reductions of 3.1 and 2.6% per Gy, respectively.
      PLA activity at all radiation doses was 10-15% higher at 6 months than at 2
      months (P less than 0.05), indicative of a partial recovery of this endothelial
      function in the irradiated lung. There were no significant changes in PLA
      activity in the shielded left lung at any dose or time. There also was a linear,
      dose-dependent increase in the number of macrophages lavaged from the right lung
      at both 2 and 6 months postirradiation, with larger numbers recovered after all
      doses at 2 months. PLA activity per 10(6) macrophages decreased with increasing
      radiation dose at both autopsy times, closely paralleling lung PLA activity. This
      radiation-induced decrease in macrophage PLA activity was not due to increased
      fibrinolytic inhibitor activity in the irradiated macrophages. These data
      quantitate the dose response and time course of radiation-induced fibrinolytic
      defects in rat lung and suggest that information obtained from a minimally
      invasive procedure such as bronchoalveolar lavage may serve as an index of the
      degree of pulmonary fibrinolytic dysfunction after irradiation.

PMID- 4041065
TI  - Narcotic antagonist potentiation of apomorphine drug effect: a stereospecific,
      centrally mediated drug action.
AB  - Systemic pretreatment with naloxone but not its (+)-enantiomer significantly
      potentiated apomorphine-induced stereotypic climbing activity in mice. Systemic
      or central pretreatment with naltrexone also significantly potentiated the
      apomorphine drug effect. The N-methyl derivative of naltrexone had no influence
      when administered systemically but significantly potentiated the apomorphine drug
      effect when administered centrally. These findings suggest that narcotic
      antagonist potentiation of apomorphine-induced stereotypic climbing in mice is a
      stereospecific phenomenon that originates in the central nervous system.

PMID- 4041066
TI  - Effect of truncal vagotomy on intestinal phase of pancreatic polypeptide release
      in dogs.
AB  - In order to elucidate the role of the vagus nerve in the intestinal phase of
      pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release, mongrel dogs were given a 4-min
      intraduodenal infusion of saline, 20% glucose, or 10% soybean oil solution (50 ml
      each), before and one month after truncal vagotomy including pyloroplasty (TV).
      The saline infusion did not change the basal PP level, while the glucose infusion
      elicited a monophasic transient PP release, and the soybean oil infusion elicited
      a monophasic prolonged PP release in the intact dogs. The PP response following
      glucose infusion was almost abolished after TV, while the PP response to fat was
      attenuated, but a significant increase was nevertheless observed after TV. These
      results suggest that the vagus nerve has an important role in the intestinal
      phase of PP release and that other factors, e.g. hormonal, might also be involved
      in the regulatory mechanism, especially after fat loading.

PMID- 4041067
TI  - Effects of pimozide and domperidone administration on prolactin levels in
      neonatally estrogenized female rats.
AB  - The effects of two dopaminergic blockers, pimozide and domperidone, on the
      prolactin secretion were investigated in adult female rats treated neonatally
      with estrogens (100 micrograms of estradiol benzoate s.c. on day 1). These rats
      showed hyperprolactinemia (556 micrograms/l vs 57.7 in oil-injected) and
      treatment with pimozide or domperidone failed to increase prolactin levels in the
      adult age. These results suggest that the hyperprolactinemia in neonatally
      estrogenized female rats is produced by loss of the dopaminergic inhibition on
      prolactin secretion, so that the pharmacological blockade of dopaminergic
      receptors is uneffective. The dopamine levels in hypothalamus were similar in
      control and estrogenized females suggesting that failure in dopaminergic
      inhibition is due to a decrease in dopamine secretion to portal vessels.

PMID- 4041068
TI  - Influence of perioperative cis-platinum on breaking strength of bowel anastomoses
      in rats.

PMID- 4041069
TI  - [A case of aortitis syndrome with asymmetric septal hypertrophy, systolic
      anterior motion of anterior mitral leaflet and pressure gradient within the left
      ventricle].

PMID- 4041071
TI  - [A case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy observed during mild
      hypertension].

PMID- 4041070
TI  - [A case of pheochromocytoma with left ventricular configuration mimicking
      hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 4041072
TI  - [Chromosome aberrations in 334 individuals with various types of abortion
      (including 144 couples)].

PMID- 4041073
TI  - [The 24-hour excursion and diurnal rhythm of blood sugar in normal pregnant women
      close to term].

PMID- 4041074
TI  - Circadian rhythm in plasma immunoreactive somatomedin-C in children.
AB  - Fifteen boys and 27 girls, 11 +/- 2 years of age were studied over a single 24
      hour span during the month of June. Statistically significant circadian rhythms
      of plasma immunoreactive somatomedin-C (SM-C) concentration, immunoreactive
      growth hormone (hGH) and cortisol concentration were found, which show marked
      differences in timing. The highest values of somatomedin-C occurred in the early
      evening hours (acrophase 19:08) in contrast to growth hormone which showed its
      peak values during the night and cortisol, which peaked in the morning hours.
      These observations are of interest for the physiologic regulation of somatomedin
      C as well as for the clinical evaluation of plasma immunoreactive somatomedin-C
      concentrations, and for studies of the response of somatomedin-C to hormonal
      and/or pharmacologic manipulation.

PMID- 4041075
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of human sex hormone binding globulin: improved radioiodination
      procedure.
AB  - Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), purified by affinity chromatography from
      retroplacental blood plasma, was reacted with 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid
      N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (PHPPS, Bolton-Hunter reagent). The derivative of
      SHBG obtained (parahydroxyphenylpropionyl-SHBG; PHPP-SHBG) was stable and could,
      in contrast to underived SHBG, be efficiently 125I-iodinated with a
      lactoperoxidase technique. The PHPP-SHBG labelled with 125I had good antiserum
      binding and stability properties and was used for radioimmunoassay (RIA) of SHBG
      in serum. The RIA requires a total incubation time of 3 h. It has been
      standardized with purified SHBG and has a sensitivity of 5 micrograms/l, giving a
      lowest detectable concentration in the routine procedure (samples diluted 1:40)
      of about 0.2 mg/l. Variation within and between assay was 4.1% and 7.2%,
      respectively, for samples with values within the normal range. Values obtained by
      this RIA procedure correlate well with those obtained by a dihydrotestosterone
      binding method and by an electroimmunoassay technique. The mean serum
      concentration of SHBG in healthy, regularly menstruating women (n = 42) was 3.7
      +/- 1.0 (SD, standard deviation) mg/l and in healthy men (n = 100) 2.0 +/- 0.9
      mg/l.

PMID- 4041076
TI  - Multiple co-existing sexually transmitted diseases in a bisexual man.
AB  - The authors report an interesting and instructive case of a bisexual man with
      four concurrent sexually transmissible infections: secondary syphilis, genital
      herpes, gonococcal proctitis, and asymptomatic chlamydial urethritis. The case
      illustrates the necessity for a systematic approach to the diagnosis and
      management of multiple co-existing sexually transmitted diseases, and it
      underscores the importance and difficulty of contact-tracing in this patient
      population.

PMID- 4041077
TI  - Group support for parents of high risk neonates: an interdisciplinary approach.
AB  - Many parents are unable to develop a satisfying relationship with their sick
      newborn. Although data are divided over the critical nature of the attachment
      process, measures to assist parents and reduce socio-environmental stresses are
      considered desirable. Group support is one such measure which can provide parents
      with a commonly needed component of neonatal intensive care. In the group
      described, weekly sessions are informal, encouraging discussion, an understanding
      of neonatal care and recognition that some emotional and coping disturbance is
      normal. Staff involved are an interdisciplinary team (social worker, doctor and
      nurse). The group requires no special funding and time commitment is low
      considering the support provided. We have met weekly for five years with
      sustained attendance. No control group exists but parents appear increasingly
      comfortable in the nursery and able to achieve more meaningful and ongoing
      interaction with their infant and the staff.

PMID- 4041078
TI  - Ectopia cordis thoracalis with craniofacial defects resulting from early amnion
      rupture.
AB  - A 33-week-gestation fetus was evaluated as having ectopia cordis thoracalis,
      midline sternal cleft, frontonasal dysgenesis, a midfacial cleft, and amniotic
      bands. Fibrous bands were attached to the apex of the heart, face, and the brain.
      There were no associated limb defects or scoliosis. The findings in this fetus
      and those in the literature suggest that acute amnion rupture in the third week
      of gestation may be the cause of these defects. Mechanical teratogenesis by
      tissue bands adherent to the heart may lead to ectopia cordis. The changes seen
      in the thorax, face, and brain suggest pressure necrosis, incomplete
      morphogenesis, tearing and tethering by amnion, and compression as a cause for
      these defects. A spectrum of defects is found following amnion rupture with the
      abnormalities being dependent upon the timing of the event. Ectopia cordis with
      amniotic bands appears to have an etiology distinct from isolated ectopia cordis.
      This suggests several different etiologies for ectopia cordis.

PMID- 4041079
TI  - [Typhlohepatitis in ostriches (Struthio camelus) caused by a Histomonas
      infection].
AB  - Acute typhlohepatitis was diagnosed in two juvenile ostriches (Struthio camelus).
      Gross pathology and histologic examination revealed a striking resemblance with
      histomoniasis in Galliformes.

PMID- 4041080
TI  - An analysis of the child survival hypothesis in Jordan.
AB  - Data from the 1976 Jordan Fertility Survey are used to examine the association
      between infant mortality and fertility behavior. After controlling for
      socioeconomic and demographic variables, a strong positive association was found
      between infant mortality and fertility behavior; women who experience infant
      deaths tend to make up for the loss of children. However, in terms of surviving
      children (surviving to age one year), the replacement effect is far from
      complete. This study also shows that reporting or recording deaths as having
      occurred after infancy, when in fact they have occurred before age 12 months,
      tends to result in an underestimate of the mortality-fertility association.
      However, the bias is statistically significant (at the 0.05 level) only when 50
      percent or more of infant deaths are so misreported.

PMID- 4041081
TI  - Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: lesions healing naturally in
      man followed by a second infection with the same zymodeme of Leishmania major.
AB  - A patient with a previous history of an infection with Leishmania b. braziliensis
      contracted zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the Al-Hassa oasis, Eastern
      Province, Saudi Arabia. Five lesions healed spontaneously over a period of 40
      weeks without treatment. A year after acquiring ZCL he became infected again in
      the same focus. Isolates of parasites at both episodes were identified as L.
      major, zymodeme LON-4. Compared with the first infection of ZCL, parasites were
      fewer in the lesions on the second occasion, the lesions were smaller and healing
      was quicker (10 weeks). This work and a previous report of patients with active
      lesions and leishmanial scars suggest that second infections of L. major are not
      uncommon in the oasis where no autochthonous infections of other species of
      Leishmania have yet been recorded in man and only one species of Phlebotomus (P.
      papatasi) is known.

PMID- 4041082
TI  - Ocular leprosy.

PMID- 4041083
TI  - Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis.
AB  - A case of granulomatous orchitis in a 52-year old negro male is reported. The
      distinction between granulomatous orchitis and cancer is important in particular
      in coloured people where the former is not rare while testicular cancer is
      uncommon.

PMID- 4041084
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse in 2 twin homozygote sisters].

PMID- 4041085
TI  - [Potential danger to pacemaker patients during transurethral operations. Clinical
      and experimental studies].
AB  - The high sensitivity of modern demand pacemakers to HF-currents, as used for the
      TUR, could be shown by an in vitro model, animal experiments and clinical
      investigations. It was possible to characterise the type specific HF-sensitivity
      by means of individual functions. Furthermore, it could be proven that almost
      every external HF-signal could be blocked by switching the demand pacemaker to
      its fixed magnet frequency, a most important procedure in order to maintain
      patient safety during a transurethral resection.

PMID- 4041086
TI  - [Operative complications in transurethral operations: causes and prevention].
AB  - Complications resulting from transurethral operations can be classified as
      intraoperative, directly postoperative and late complications. Specific problems
      are related to prostatic resection, resection of bladder tumors or lithotripsy of
      bladder stones. An analysis of these problems is presented based on in the
      experience in more than 10 000 transurethral operations. Directives are developed
      to avoid additional intraoperative harm and minimize resulting problems. Methods
      for correction of iatrogenic complications are explained.

PMID- 4041087
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the breast simulating cancer].

PMID- 4041088
TI  - [Decisions of the February Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party
      and the tasks facing the biological sciences].

PMID- 4041089
TI  - Sequence of the DNA-binding protein of a human subgroup E adenovirus (type 4):
      comparisons with subgroup A (type 12), subgroup B (type 7), and subgroup C (type
      5).
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the gene for the single-stranded DNA-binding protein
      of adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) has been determined. The gene codes for a protein of
      512 amino acids. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with those previously
      determined for Ad5, Ad12, and Ad7 allowed identification of regions that are
      conserved between the four serotypes. These include stretches of 9, 9, and 12
      amino acids in the carboxy-terminal domain of the protein; these sequences are
      similar to those identified in the single-stranded DNA-binding proteins of
      procaryotes as being important for interaction of the protein with single
      stranded DNA. A conserved region of four amino acids in the amino-terminal domain
      is identical in sequence to a region of the SV40 large T antigen that has
      recently been implicated in the nuclear localization of the protein. Other
      conserved amino acids that may be important for the three-dimensional structure
      of the protein have also been identified. The overall homology between the DBPs
      of the four serotypes is 17.2% in the amino-terminal domain, 47.8% in the carboxy
      terminal domain. Two-way comparisons between the DBPs of the four serotypes
      indicates that the DBP of Ad4 is most closely related to that of Ad7.

PMID- 4041090
TI  - [Is it possible to diagnose and better characterize hypertrophic cardiomyopathies
      using ECG?].

PMID- 4041091
TI  - [Testosterone, albumin and sex steroid-binding globulin in the blood serum of
      patients with laryngeal cancer].
AB  - Since endocrine factors play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of
      precancerous and tumor diseases of the pharynx, the study was concerned with
      assays of total testosterone, albumin, sex steroid-binding globulin and free and
      protein-bound androgens in the blood serum of patients with malignant and benign
      tumors of the larynx. Laryngeal cancer patients revealed raised levels of total,
      free and albumin-bound testosterone matched by a lower concentration of sex
      steroid-binding globulin. Maximum differences between the study groups were
      established in the relationship between the fraction of testosterone associated
      with sex steroid-binding globulin and that of free androgen. An important role of
      androgens in the pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer was inferred. Further studies
      of androgen secretion and transport by blood proteins in laryngeal cancer
      patients are essential for the investigations of pathways of sex steroid hormones
      action.

PMID- 4041092
TI  - [Effect of soybean kefir on the course of hypercholesterolemia in patients].

PMID- 4041093
TI  - Iridocyclitis is not characteristic of Still's disease.

PMID- 4041094
TI  - Conjugation of disodium 6-chloro-4-oxo-10-propyl-4H-pyrano[3,2-g]quinoline-2,8
      dicarboxy late with glutathione in the rat.
AB  - Disodium 6-chloro-4-oxo-10-propyl-4H-pyrano[3,2-g]quinoline- 2,8-dicarboxylate
      (I) is conjugated with glutathione (GSH) both in vitro and in vivo by
      nucleophilic replacement of the chlorine substituent in (I). The reaction is
      catalysed by rat-liver supernatant. The GSH conjugate is the principal excretory
      product in the rat bile after i.v. administration of (I), accounting for
      approximately 60% of the dose and 95% of the biliary excretion. Its structure was
      determined by synthesis and spectroscopic analysis.

PMID- 4041095
TI  - [Intellectual and psychological damage caused by breech delivery].

PMID- 4041096
TI  - [Effect of genotype and environment on individual features of the orientation
      reaction in man].
AB  - Autonomic responses and evoked potentials were recorded in situation of orienting
      reaction in 86 twins. On the basis of experimental and literature data a
      hypothesis is suggested on the existence of two subsystems of orienting reaction-
      a block of informational regulation and a block of motivational regulation
      characterized by different functions and, probably, by different
      neurophysiological mechanisms. The activity of the first block is formed mainly
      by environmental factors while the activity of the second one--mainly by the
      genotype.

PMID- 4041097
TI  - [Correlation between genetic and environmental factors in the display of
      predatory reactions in the rat].
AB  - Manifestation of the hunting and mice-killing reactions by non-linear rats
      observers did not depend on the presence of rats killing mice. The absence of
      such dependence was observed in conditions of free access to food, of food
      deprivation stimulating predatory aggressiveness, and also of learning in the
      early postnatal period. Acquisition of the habit of eating killed mice by the
      rats-observers was facilitated in the presence of rats executing this reaction.
      It is suggested that in manifestation of the aggressive component of predatory
      behaviour of rats, a greater role is played by inborn mechanisms while
      environmental factors are more significant for organization of the alimentary
      mechanism.

PMID- 4041098
TI  - [Level of dopamine in structures of the nigro-striatal and mesolimbic systems of
      the brain in experimental pathology of higher nervous activity in the rat].
AB  - Rats, unable to elaborate a discriminative avoidance reflex to two acoustic
      stimuli in conditions of time deficit, and displaying non-adaptive forms of
      behaviour in the process of conditioning (non-escape of the electric shocks,
      absence of responses to both differentiated stimuli), possess a lower dopamine
      level in the striatum and a higher one in the olfactory tubercle in comparison to
      the animals without non-adaptive reactions.

PMID- 4041099
TI  - [Spike activity of neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus of the rat during
      stress].
AB  - In fixed Wistar line rats, neuronal activity of the ventromedial hypothalamus was
      studied in conditions of acute emotional stress elicited by electric stimulation
      of the ventromedial hypothalamus stochastically alternating with electrocutaneous
      stimuli. Distinctions were revealed in neuronal activity of the animals with
      different stress resistance. The pattern of neuronal impulse activity proved to
      be the most informative one.

PMID- 4041100
TI  - [Isolation and properties of a nonspecific adhesive factor from the blood serum
      of warm-blooded animals and man].

PMID- 4041101
TI  - [Primary, non-pregnancy-induced choriocarcinoma].
AB  - The case of a primary chorioncarcinoma of the ovary is presented in an eighteen
      year old nulligravida. Following a primary operation, including the exstirpation
      of the inner genital organs, an antineoplastic combination chemotherapy was done.
      The partial remission obtained was of a duration of 5 months only, and the
      patient died after having survived 8 months because of metastatic generalization.

PMID- 4041103
TI  - [Immune response and the formation of immunologic memory to Staphylococcus in
      mice of different genotypes].
AB  - The time course of changes in the number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen
      in the primary and secondary immune response to staphylococcal corpuscular
      antigen was studied in experiments on mice. C3H mice were found to be highly
      responsive, while A/Sn mice showed low response, the opposite character of immune
      responsiveness to this antigen in the animals of the above-mentioned genotypes
      increasing after the second immunization. C57BL/6, CBA, DBA/2, BALB/c and (CBA X
      C57BL/6) F1 mice showed comparatively moderate antibody formation in response to
      staphylococci. The formation of immunological memory to this antigen depended on
      the genotype of mice and was determined by the intensity of antigenic action:
      high priming doses of staphylococci proved to be most effective; low doses of the
      antigen were not effective or produced only short-term immunological memory to
      staphylococci in mice.

PMID- 4041102
TI  - [The local specific immune response to Staphylococcus aureus protein A in human
      tonsillar lymphoid tissue].
AB  - Formation of antibodies and development of delayed hypersensitivity to protein A
      are usual components of the immune response of tonsillar lymphoid tissue to S.
      aureus infection in chronic tonsillitis in man. The preparations of transfer
      factor, produced from human tonsillar T-cells, show increased activity in the
      intraspecific transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to staphylococcal protein A
      from humans to mice.

PMID- 4041104
TI  - [Penetration and accumulation of 14C-ethanol in the brain and liver of female
      rats exposed to long-term alcohol and in the tissue of the fetus].
AB  - In their experiments on female rats which had been given 10% ethanol for 10
      months the authors showed the characteristics of 14C-ethanol accumulation in the
      structures of the brain and liver of the animals and changes in these parameters
      during pregnancy. The penetration and accumulation of 14C-ethanol in the brain
      and liver of fetuses of chronically alcoholized animals were found to be
      different.

PMID- 4041105
TI  - [Ultrastructural analysis of the phenomenon of acute neuronal swelling].
AB  - WAG rats were exposed to hyperthermia. Neurons manifested acute swelling in all
      portions of the brain. At the ultrastructural level these phenomena were
      characterized by an increase in the size of the bodies and nuclei of neurons,
      complete dissociation of polysomes, swelling of some cisterns of the
      endoplasmatic reticulum and perinuclear space, and destruction of the
      mitochondria of apical processes. Hyperchromic (dark) cells were found to be more
      resistant to acute swelling. The question is discussed whether this pathology of
      neural cells is reversible. The role of this pathology in the neuropathology of
      febrile schizophrenia is considered.

PMID- 4041106
TI  - Estimation of the extent of platination and the sites of Pt binding after
      interaction of cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) with DNA and
      chromatin.
AB  - Differences in the mode of binding of cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)
      complexes (cis and trans-DDP) with DNA and chromatin were studied with the use of
      [14C]methylbromphenvinphos as an alkylating agent which attacks the sites in
      purines bases involved also in the reaction with cis-DDP (Olinski et al., J.
      Biochem. Biophys. Meth., 7, 171-173, 1983). Methylation of pre-formed DDP-DNA and
      DDP-chromatin complexes, followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the
      methylation products in DNA hydrolysates, permitted evaluation of the
      distribution and extent of platination of the bases. No major differences were
      found between the action of the two DDP isomers on DNA. However, a significant
      decrease in binding of trans-DDP to adenine moieties was observed when the
      interaction of cis- and trans-DDP on chromatin was compared.

PMID- 4041107
TI  - Cyclical mastalgia and breast pathology.
AB  - Histologic examination of mammary tissue from 39 patients with cyclical mastalgia
      and 68 with no mastalgia disclosed that fibrocystic disease was not in itself the
      cause of the cyclical condition. Nor did the study support the traditional
      concept of a relationship between major dysfunction of the internal genital
      organs and cyclical mastalgia. Although the organic basis for cyclical mastalgia
      is unknown, several observations strongly suggest that it is located in the
      mammary stroma. Future investigations of the organic basis for cyclical mastalgia
      should include the mammary stroma.

PMID- 4041108
TI  - Acute intestinal obstruction and splenic hemorrhage due to metastatic
      choriocarcinoma. A case report.
AB  - Choriocarcinomas are rare malignancies which occasionally cause acute abdominal
      symptoms, mainly in the form of hemorrhage. We here describe a patient with
      metastatic choriocarcinoma presenting as acute intestinal obstruction and splenic
      hemorrhage. This seems to be the first report in the literature of a
      choriocarcinoma causing invagination of the small intestine. The abdominal
      manifestations of the neoplasm are briefly discussed.

PMID- 4041109
TI  - VIP stimulation of beta-naphthylamidase activity in guinea-pig thyroid sections.
AB  - Subsequent to the discovery of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the thyroid
      gland, VIP has been shown to stimulate various thyroid functions. The site of
      interaction of VIP with the thyroid follicular cell is at present not known, and
      this study has used the ultrasensitive cytochemical bioassay (CBA) for thyroid
      stimulators to investigate this further. Exposure of thyroid sections for 3 min
      to VIP resulted in increased naphthylamidase activity, with half-maximal response
      observed at 3 X 10(-13) M VIP. This response to such low doses of VIP is
      consistent with the CBA being ultrasensitive to other thyroid stimulators e.g.
      TSH, thyroid stimulating antibodies and forskolin. The response to VIP was
      abolished by rabbit anti-VIP antiserum. The dose-response curve to VIP was bell
      shaped (as with the other stimulators), maximal stimulation occurring at 10(-12)
      M VIP. In contrast, however, to other thyroid stimulators, namely TSH, LATS-B and
      3 monoclonal stimulating antibodies, whose ascending limbs of the dose-response
      curves extended over 3-4 orders of magnitude, the VIP curve rose rapidly from
      basal to maximal tissue stimulation from 10(-13) to 10(-12) M VIP, i.e. one order
      of magnitude. This unusual dose-response curve to VIP was parallel to that
      produced by forskolin. 11E8, a monoclonal 'blocking' antibody which is a potent
      inhibitor of TSH stimulation, did not 'block' forskolin stimulation, consistent
      with the belief that forskolin acts at a post-receptor site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041110
TI  - Serum somatomedin-C and bioassayable growth-promoting activity (thymidine
      activity) in appropriate and small-for-gestational-age human newborns.
AB  - The serum level of radioimmunoassayable somatomedin-C and the bioassayable growth
      promoting activity evaluated by the stimulating effect of serum upon thymidine
      incorporation into activated lymphocytes have been measured in the blood of term
      human foetuses. Comparison between those with a low birth weight and those with
      normal birth weight has shown that small-for-gestational-age subjects have lower
      somatomedin-C (0.31 +/- 0.03 vs 0.52 +/- 0.03) and thymidine activity (1.03 +/-
      0.11 vs 1.50 +/- 0.07) (P less than 0.001). A positive correlation between
      somatomedin and thymidine activity was found. There was no difference in serum
      transferrin levels between both groups. It is suggested that somatomedin, and
      probably other growth-promoting factors measured by the thymidine bioassay, play
      a role in regulation of the foetal growth.

PMID- 4041111
TI  - Problems related to the implantation of the human egg after in vitro
      fertilization.
AB  - Egg implantation, the process by which the conceptus comes in contact with the
      maternal vascular bed, occurs as the consequence of well coordinated ovo
      endometrial interactions. In this paper the Authors describe the early steps of
      the implantation process in the rat. Several changes appearing in the rat
      endometrium are of particular interest because they also appear in the human
      endometrium around the normal time for implantation.

PMID- 4041112
TI  - [Immunological and hematological changes in the preleukemic stage of leukemia in
      Donryu rats induced by N-ethylnitrosourea].

PMID- 4041113
TI  - [Effect of sera from patients with aplastic anemia and ITP on murine
      megakaryocytopoiesis].

PMID- 4041114
TI  - Corneal endothelium after photocoagulation in diabetic patients.
AB  - The corneal endothelium was photographed through a wide-field specular microscope
      in 38 eyes, in 20 successive diabetic outpatients receiving laser therapy because
      of underlying proliferative or background retinopathy. Areas of 100 individual
      endothelial cells from each central cornea were analysed using a digitizer. No
      statistically significant correlations were observed between mean cell areas or
      standard deviations of mean and total amount of previous laser energy received.
      Laser therapy or the type of diabetes did not seem to cause statistically
      significant changes in the endothelial cell areas examined.

PMID- 4041115
TI  - Fingerprint-like straight crystalloid microfilaments in lobular
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - This 64-year-old male presented edema and proteinuria. With increasing renal
      insufficiency and persistent fever, he died 7 months after the onset of illness,
      complicated with terminal miliary tuberculosis. All the glomeruli showed
      sclerotic nodular lobulation and mesangial circumferential interposition with
      positive immunoglobulin and complement predominantly along the capillary,
      consistent with lobular glomerulonephritis (LGN) or terminal stage of
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). Electron microscopy revealed
      subepithelial straight crystalloid microfilaments in the amorphous deposits.
      These structures possibly represent IgG or its fragment as a component of immune
      complex crystallized in some particular condition.

PMID- 4041116
TI  - [Ratios between the cell number, surface and volume in the joint cultivation of
      yeasts--producers of protein].

PMID- 4041117
TI  - Intracranial haemostasis with a neurosurgical CO2-laser unit.
AB  - The authors have been using CO2-laser radiation routinely for more than 2 years.
      After having recalled the basic thermal properties of this beam, they present
      their experience. The goal of this work is to point out the particular benefit of
      CO2-laser cautery to perform tumoral haemostasis. The technical data of this CO2
      laser haemostasis are detailed for 3 main indications: In cases of a precise
      origin of the haemorrhage, the coagulation of small intratumoural vessel
      necessitates a low output power: 2-4 watts in continued emission; 10-15 watts in
      the pulsed mode. The beam must be defocussed so as to be as large as the aimed
      vessel. A micro-manipulatotor is necessary for deeply located tumours. Basal
      meningiomas, neurinomas, giant adenomas are the best indications. If a diffuse
      bleeding is encountered in the operative cavity the output must be a little
      higher: 3-8 watts in continuous mode or 15-30 watts in the pulsed mode; first the
      cavity is swept with a defocussed CO2-laser ray; then the few larger vessels
      which have not been cauterized are coagulated one by one either by laser or by
      bipolar coagulation. The insertion zone of a meningioma can be efficiently
      coagulated by CO2-laser: a 150-200 watts output in the pulsed mode is necessary
      if the attachment is dural, a 300-400 watts pulsed output in the case of bony
      infiltration.

PMID- 4041118
TI  - Therapeutic experience of advanced urothelial tract tumors.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic urothelial tumors
      were treated by surgery, chemotherapy or radiation. Radical operation with or
      without radiation resulted in tumor free conditions in 8 patients. Fifteen
      patients who had a few dimensionally estimable disease parameters, underwent
      chemotherapy. Objective responses were obtained in 6 of the 15 patients (1 CR and
      5 PR). The objective response of low grade or low stage tumors or cases with high
      Karnofsky performance ratings was moderate. Combination chemotherapy with
      cisplatin (CDDP), doxorubicin (ADM) and cyclophosphamide or a CDDP-containing
      combination appeared to be beneficial for patients with advanced urothelial tract
      tumors with palliative purpose.

PMID- 4041119
TI  - [A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the urinary bladder].
AB  - This paper presents an autopsy case of primary malignant lymphoma of the urinary
      bladder. The patient, a 63-year-old man, consulted us because of macroscopic
      hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a bladder tumor, which was diagnosed as an
      anaplastic cell carcinoma by transurethral punch biopsy. The tumor progressively
      increased in size, despite treatment with preoperative antineoplastic
      chemotherapy consisting of CDDP. Only ureterocutaneostomy and biopsy were
      performed at the operation although total cystectomy and ileal conduit had been
      planned, because the tumor had invaded into the perivesicular tissue. Biopsy
      revealed B cell lymphoma, which was characterized by specific staining with IgG
      by the PAP method. Although antineoplastic chemotherapy was performed again after
      operation, the patient gradually weakened and died 5 months after admission. At
      autopsy, a hen-egg sized, non-papillary tumor which invading into the
      perivesicular tissue was found at the anterior wall of the urinary bladder. There
      were many metastatic nodules in the thraco-lumbar vertebral columns, para-aortic
      lymphnodes and mesenteric lymphnodes. Lungs and liver were free from metastatic
      tumors.

PMID- 4041120
TI  - On contagious ecthyma and its treatment in muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus).

PMID- 4041121
TI  - Vaccination against ringworm of calves in specialized beef production.

PMID- 4041122
TI  - Possibility of 2,4,5-triamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine as an intermediate in the
      pathway of riboflavin biosynthesis.
AB  - It was studied with resting cells of a high flavinogenic mold, Eremothecium
      ashbyii, whether or not 2,4,5-triamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (THP) is an
      intermediate in the early pathway of riboflavin biosynthesis. A small amounts of
      THP strongly inhibited riboflavin formation in the resting cells, but the
      inhibition was effectively reversed by the added purines, except for adenine.
      Radioactive tracer experiments showed that the incorporation of the radioactivity
      from [2-14C]THP into riboflavin was negligible. The results obtained strongly
      suggest that THP is not an intermediate but a rigid inhibitor for riboflavin
      formation, and thus there is non salvage pathway of THP for the pathway of
      riboflavin biosynthesis in resting cells of E. ashbyii.

PMID- 4041123
TI  - Studies on the 4-carbon compound needed for the formation of the O-xylene ring of
      riboflavin.
AB  - The 4-carbon compound necessary for the formation of the o-xylene ring of
      riboflavin, was examined using labeled glucose and diacetyl in resting cells of
      Eremothecium ashbyii. The specific activity-time curves of riboflavin and
      lumichrome in the tracer experiments with [U-14C] glucose indicated that the
      specific activity of riboflavin during the incubation is much higher than that of
      its photolytic product, lumichrome. It is far above the level expected if the
      ribityl moiety of an intermediate, 4-ribitylamino-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxy
      pyrimidine (RAADP), was to be utilized as the source of the 4-carbon unit on the
      o-xylene ring of riboflavin. It was further demonstrated that the specific
      activities of diacetyl and lumichrome at 10.5 h of the incubation and those of
      crystalline riboflavin and lumichrome at the later stage (20 h) of the incubation
      were identical respectively. Radioactive diacetyl furthermore proved to be
      likewise incorporated with a two fold dilution into riboflavin and lumichrome at
      17 h of the incubation. The results reveal that it is not the ribityl fragment of
      RAADP bu the diacetyl that is the 4-carbon unit for the formation of the pyrazine
      ring of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine, that is, the o-xylene ring of riboflavin
      in the mold of Eremothecium ashbyii, although we still do not know whether the
      diketone requiring reaction is enzymatic or non-enzymatic.

PMID- 4041124
TI  - Ischemic heart disease: part of the premenstrual syndrome?

PMID- 4041125
TI  - Chemotherapy of metastatic primary cardiac sarcomas.

PMID- 4041126
TI  - Transient Q waves during exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4041127
TI  - Influence of dietary cis- and trans-fat on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon
      tumors and fecal steroid excretion in Fischer 344 rats.
AB  - To investigate the effects of the difference in the geometry of dietary fatty
      acids on colon tumorigenesis, male rats were fed semipurified diets containing
      either partially hydrogenated corn oil (trans-monoene fat) or olive oil (cis
      monoene fat) at the 10% level and received a single oral dosage of 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The difference in the fatty acid composition of dietary
      fats was confined essentially to the geometrical isomerism of octadecenoate, and
      the linoleic acid content was made equivalent (2% of total energy). After about
      15 mo of feeding, colon tumor incidence in DMH treated rats was nearly the same
      in both fat groups. Fecal neutral steroid excretion was higher, while the
      transformation of cholesterol to coprostanol was lower in rats given the trans
      fat. There were no marked differences in the excretion and composition of fecal
      bile acids between two fat groups. Serum cholesterol and tocopherol levels of
      rats given trans-fat diets tended to be low. The results suggested that the trans
      monoene behaves much like the cis-monoene in the incidence of DMH-induced colon
      tumors, although there were characteristic differences in metabolic events in the
      intestine.

PMID- 4041128
TI  - Vitamin B6, vitamin C and folacin levels in milk from mothers of term and preterm
      infants during the neonatal period.
AB  - Studies of the composition of milk from mothers who deliver prematurely have
      focused primarily on macronutrients and trace elements while its vitamin
      composition has received little attention. This study focused on vitamin B6,
      vitamin C and folacin in preterm (PT) and term (T) milk which are critical to
      early growth and development. Fifteen PT and twelve T mothers were studied for
      five 24-h periods during the first month of lactation. Vitamin C levels were
      higher in PT milk during the first week of lactation whereas folacin levels were
      similar to T milk. Vitamin B6 levels in PT milk were lower than in T milk
      throughout the first month postpartum. These findings suggested that the use of
      PT milk as the sole source of these nutrients is open to question and that during
      the neonatal period PT infants need supplements of certain micronutrients.

PMID- 4041129
TI  - The pathology of the spleen in steroid-treated immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - The spleen is a central organ in the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenic
      purpura (ITP). Splenic lymphoid tissue synthesizes anti-platelet IgG, and splenic
      cordal macrophages destroy platelets coated with anti-platelet antibodies. The
      morphologic features of the spleen in this disease reflect this splenic function:
      hypertrophied lymphoid follicles with secondary germinal centers in the white
      pulp, with perivascular plasma cells in the red pulp and evidence of increased
      platelet phagocytosis in cords of the Billroth. Foamy macrophages and evidence of
      a variable degree of extramedullary hematopoiesis also have been noted. The
      authors have studied 17 spleens removed for therapeutic purposes in patients with
      proven ITP previously treated with varying amounts of corticosteroids. In all
      cases there was little or no morphologic evidence of follicular hyperplasia or
      plasmacytosis. However, platelet sequestration and phagocytosis were demonstrated
      easily in all cases, both in histologic sections and in touch imprints. The
      authors' findings indicate that morphologic evidence of lymphoid activation
      characteristic in spleens from patients with ITP usually is ablated by prior
      corticosteroid therapy but that the characteristic platelet sequestration and
      phagocytosis persists.

PMID- 4041130
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in a day-care center.
AB  - An outbreak of diarrhea occurred in a day-care center in San Marcos, Tex, in
      August 1984. At the time of this study, the center was caring for 81 children
      aged 2 months through 5 years. A single stool specimen was collected from each of
      50 children (62%). Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts were each
      identified in stool specimens from 18 children. Three children had both parasites
      present in the same stool specimen. Echovirus 30 was identified in 19 of 25
      stools cultured. Although three pathogens were circulating simultaneously in this
      group of children, only the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was associated
      with the occurrence of a diarrheal illness. Cryptosporidium may be a common cause
      of diarrhea in children who attend day-care centers.

PMID- 4041131
TI  - Radiological case of the month. Osteopenia, rickets, and fractures in preterm
      infants.

PMID- 4041132
TI  - Spontaneous resolution of cryptosporidiosis in a child with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4041133
TI  - Gastrointestinal manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a
      review of 22 cases.
AB  - Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently have diarrhea
      and weight loss. We prospectively examined the upper and lower gastrointestinal
      tracts in 22 AIDS patients, although severe medical problems often precluded full
      evaluation. Ninety-six percent (21 of 22) lost weight, and 55% (12 of 22) had
      diarrhea. The mean (+/- SD) weight loss was 34 +/- 19 lb. Steatorrhea was found
      in 4 of 14 patients, and D-xylose tests were abnormal in 8 of 14 patients. Mean
      serum albumin was 3.3 +/- 0.8 g/dl. A significantly diminished plasma selenium
      level, which can influence immune function, was noted in these AIDS patients.
      Gastrointestinal infections were identified in 45% of patients. Although diarrhea
      and malabsorption were more common in the infected group, weight loss and albumin
      were similar in those with and without demonstrated infections. Flexible
      sigmoidoscopy showed that of 15 patients, there were two with Kaposi's sarcoma,
      10 normals, and three with nonspecific endoscopic changes of colitis. Infection
      was documented in all patients with colitis. Panendoscopy of the upper
      gastrointestinal tract was positive for AIDS-related pathology in five of 10
      patients, including two with Kaposi's sarcoma, one with Candida esophagitis, one
      with herpetic esophagitis, and one with gastroduodenitis (biopsy positive for
      cryptosporidia); five patients had a normal-appearing tract. Small bowel or
      colonic biopsies frequently showed nonspecific inflammatory changes, although
      pathogens were identified in six patients (27% of all biopsies). We conclude that
      a wide variety of gastrointestinal pathology, which includes infectious agents,
      neoplasms, and inflammatory changes, may occur in AIDS patients. Therefore, AIDS
      patients, particularly those with diarrhea or weight loss, deserve an intensive
      evaluation for remediable lesions of their gastrointestinal tracts.

PMID- 4041134
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus:
      treatment with plasma infusion.
AB  - Two patients with well documented systemic lupus erythematosus developed a
      syndrome resembling thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Both had severe
      thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, seizures, and renal
      dysfunction. Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and
      fibrinogen levels were normal; fibrin degradation products were minimally
      elevated. Histologic evaluation of renal biopsies in both patients confirmed the
      impression of intravascular thrombosis. Therapy with corticosteroids, other
      immunosuppressive drugs and splenectomy (in one case) proved unsuccessful. The
      infusion of fresh frozen plasma, with or without plasmapheresis, reversed the
      syndrome. This report indicates that patients with systemic lupus may develop a
      thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura like syndrome which responds to fresh plasma
      infusion.

PMID- 4041135
TI  - Continuing a clinical pharmacokinetic dosing service under prospective pricing.

PMID- 4041136
TI  - Comparison of the intraperitoneal and intravenous routes of cisplatin
      administration in an advanced ovarian cancer model of the rat.
AB  - A model of human advanced ovarian cancer was made by intra-abdominal inoculation
      of a cloned ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line of the Sprague-Dawley rat (ROT68/C1)
      into isologous newborn rats. Intra-abdominal tumors and tumors metastatic to the
      lung developed in 100% of the animals within 3 weeks after inoculation. With use
      of this model the intraperitoneal and intravenous routes of cisplatin (cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum) administration were compared with regard to both the
      pharmacokinetics and the antitumor activity. After 2 hours of administration the
      serum cisplatin values were greater following use of the intraperitoneal route
      than with use of the intravenous route. Cisplatin values in the intra-abdominal
      tumor tissues were greater after the intraperitoneal route of administration than
      the intravenous route, and the growth was suppressed more prominently after
      intraperitoneal administration. No difference in drug values in the kidney
      tissues was found between the two administration routes. Thus the intraperitoneal
      route of cisplatin administration seems to be much more effective against
      advanced ovarian cancer confined to intra-abdominal cavity than does the
      intravenous route.

PMID- 4041137
TI  - Influence of ovarian steroids on prostaglandin- and leukotriene-induced uterine
      contractions.
AB  - The mammalian uterus is capable of metabolizing arachidonic acid via the
      lipoxygenase pathway, and the uterus responds to lipoxygenase products. We
      postulated that progesterone influences the production of leukotrienes in the
      uterus in a way similar to that in which estradiol influences prostaglandin
      production. Uterine contractions were measured in actively sensitized guinea pigs
      throughout the estrous cycle and in ovariectomized, hormonally primed, sensitized
      guinea pigs. Antigen challenge stimulated uterine contractions (caused by
      prostaglandins) that increased throughout the estrous cycle to a maximum in day
      15, when estradiol is at its peak. Pretreatment with indomethacin abolished
      uterine contractions except on day 9 of the cycle, when progesterone levels are
      at their highest. Day 9 contractions were blocked by FPL 55712, a selective
      receptor antagonist of leukotrienes. These findings were confirmed in
      ovariectomized/sensitized guinea pigs. Our data suggest that endogenous synthesis
      of leukotrienes in the uterus may be directly related to the rise of
      progesterone.

PMID- 4041138
TI  - Management of autonomic hyperreflexia associated with a low thoracic spinal cord
      lesion.
AB  - Autonomic hyperreflexia is a serious peripartum complication associated with
      spinal cord lesions. Although the majority of reported cases have occurred with
      lesions at T-5 or higher, we report a case occurring in a patient with a lesion
      at T-10. Management may be by regional anesthesia or primarily medical.

PMID- 4041140
TI  - [Effect of 2 new GABA-ergic agents on apomorphine stereotypy in the rat].

PMID- 4041139
TI  - Effects of single and repeated application of clonazepam and diazepam combined
      with cyproheptadine on apomorphine stereotypy in rats.

PMID- 4041141
TI  - [2 new GABA-ergics (GABA-linoleamide and GABA-steatamide). On 2 experimental
      models of depression].

PMID- 4041142
TI  - Diagnosis and immunotherapy of mould allergy. II. Reproducibility and
      relationship between skin sensitivity estimated by end-point titration and
      histamine equivalent reaction using skin prick test and intradermal test.
AB  - To determine reproducibility and the optimal way of expressing skin sensitivity,
      simultaneous skin prick tests (SPT) and intradermal tests (ICT) were performed on
      25 mould-allergic patients. The patients had a well-documented history of allergy
      to Cladosporium and Alternaria and were tested with partially purified
      standardized extracts of these two mould species. Skin prick tests were carried
      out on the volar side of the forearm and intradermal tests on the backs of the
      patients. The skin tests were performed as titration using quadruplicate
      determinations of 10-fold allergen dilutions. The area of the skin reactions
      measured by planimetry were plotted in a log-log system as a function of the
      allergen concentration. The reproducibility (SD/mean area X 100%) of the ICTs was
      significantly higher than that of the SPTs (17% versus 29%). A very low
      reproducibility was found with wheal areas less than 5 mm2. The dose response
      curve of the SPT wheal area was steeper than that obtained with ICT, both
      concerning ICT wheal and flare. Increasing the allergen concentration with a
      factor 10 resulted in a doubling of the wheal area in SPT, in contrast to a
      factor 1.7 using ICT. The coefficient of correlation using linear regression on
      the dose response curve was always higher than 0.9 with SPT and ICT wheal, but
      significantly lower with ICT flare. Skin sensitivity was estimated as end-point
      and histamine equivalent reaction. No significant correlation between SPT and ICT
      end-point titration was found contrary to the histamine equivalent
      reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041143
TI  - [Quantification of immunoglobulins and complement system factors in secretory
      otitis media].

PMID- 4041144
TI  - Biological and immunological characteristics of 125I-4Tyr and -18Tyr Escherichia
      coli heat-stable enterotoxin species purified by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A rapid procedure for the separation of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin
      iodination products is described. A two-step procedure using reverse-phase
      chromatography results in the separation of native, noniodinated heat-stable
      enterotoxins from several distinctly iodinated species which differ in their
      ability to bind to brush border receptors. Sequence analysis of the radioligands
      demonstrated mutually exclusive labeling at the 4Tyr and 18Tyr residues. These
      tracers have been immunologically and biologically characterized and have been
      shown to be antigenically similar but to differ in their toxicity for suckling
      mice. The radioligands separated by this procedure demonstrate stable behavior
      for a period of months.

PMID- 4041145
TI  - Tanycytes in the medial habenular nucleus of the rat.
AB  - Tanycytes with foot processes contacting capillary basal membranes were
      identified in the rat medial habenular nucleus. They constitute a relatively
      small but constant population of cells among the conventional ependymal cells. In
      contrast to tanycytes in most circumventricular organs, habenular tanycytes
      possess cilia. Superimposed upon the cells are nerve fibers belonging to the
      serotonergic supraependymal axon plexus. Their ultrastructure differs in many
      respects from that of hypothalamic tanycytes.

PMID- 4041146
TI  - Verapamil potentiation of neuromuscular blockade: failure of reversal with
      neostigmine but prompt reversal with edrophonium.

PMID- 4041147
TI  - Sheep twin chimaeras with admixtures of red cell amino acid and potassium
      transport phenotypes.
AB  - A pair of sheep twins each had two populations of red cells. Population 1 was
      positive for antigens Aa, Ma and Mb, was low-potassium type, possessed an amino
      acid transport system and was lysine-negative phenotype. Population 2 was
      negative for antigens Aa, and Mb, was high-potassium type, lacked the amino acid
      transport system and was lysine-positive phenotype. Population 2 disappeared from
      both sheep over a period of 8 years.

PMID- 4041148
TI  - Cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone receptors in canine endometrium during the
      estrous cycle.
AB  - Estradiol and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) were characterized and measured in
      cytosols from canine endometrium, using saturation and sucrose-gradient
      centrifugation radioassays. Both receptors were demonstrated to be steroid- and
      tissue-specific saturable proteins, which bound the respective steroids with high
      affinity (dissociation constant [Kd] approximately 10(-9)M). Serum estradiol,
      progesterone, and endometrial cytosol receptor concentrations and receptor
      binding affinity were measured for 25 bitches from which samples were obtained at
      5 stages of the estrous cycle (5 bitches each): anestrus (A), the 3rd day of
      proestrus (P3), the 3rd day of estrus (E3), the 12th day after onset of estrus
      (E12), and the 28th day after onset of estrus (E28). Mean (+/- SEM) serum
      estradiol concentrations were 17.0 +/- 2.2 (A), 55.4 +/- 5.0 (P3), 89.4 +/- 24.9
      (E3), 41.0 +/- 5.9 (E12), and 50.6 +/- 3.9 (E28) pg/ml. Mean (+/- SEM) serum
      progesterone concentrations were 0.4 +/- 0.1 (A), 1.5 +/- 0.2 (P3), 17.3 +/- 7.5
      (E3), 41.6 +/- 9.5 (E12), and 25.8 +/- 3.2 (E28) ng/ml. Concentrations of ER
      increased significantly from 1.06 pmol/g of uterus during stage A to a peak
      concentration of 6.18 pmol/g of uterus at E12, followed by a gradual decrease to
      0.69 pmol/g of uterus by E28. The PR concentrations increased from 3.01 pmol/g of
      uterus in stage A to 17.32 pmol/g of uterus at P3; PR concentrations, thereafter,
      decreased gradually to 1.85 pmol/g of uterus by E28. Dissociation constants were
      significantly higher at E12 for the ER (Kd = 2.6645 X 10(-9)M) and at P3 for the
      PR (Kd = 5.8282 X 10(-9)M) than at the other stages examined, indicating a
      decrease in receptor affinity during the periods of high receptor
      concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041149
TI  - Local pulmonary immune responsiveness after multiple antigenic exposures in the
      cynomolgus monkey.
AB  - Two cynomolgus monkeys were immunized with sheep red blood cells in the right
      diaphragmatic lobe (RD) 4 times, 20 days apart. At the time of the fourth
      immunization, the left diaphragmatic lobe (LD) was also immunized. There were
      increases in both IgM anti-SRBC antibody-forming cells (AFC) and specific IgG in
      the RD lobe after each successive challenge. In the fourth challenge, the RD had
      an increase in anti-SRBC AFC 10-fold that of the LD lobe. The concentration of
      specific IgG was also higher in the RD lobe. With total protein as an indicator
      of vascular permeability, the LD had a greater increase in vascular permeability
      than did the RD. These data suggest that the increased immune responsiveness of
      the RD after multiple challenges was in part locally derived rather than entirely
      caused by increased recruitment of immune cells and antibody from the blood.

PMID- 4041151
TI  - [Primary malignant tumors of the heart. Anatomo-clinical study of 12 cases].
AB  - Five of the 12 cardiac sarcomas reviewed in this study were recruited from 7,200
      autopsy studies, including 2,980 performed on patients dying from malignant
      disease (overall incidence of 0.07 p. 100; 0.16 p. 100 in the group with
      malignant disease). These tumours are fifty times less common than cardiac
      metastases which were observed in 12.5 p. 100 of patients in the group with
      malignant disease. The other 7 cases of cardiac sarcoma were recovered from our
      surgical pathology archives over a 16 years period. The sarcomas were of the
      following histological types: angiosarcoma (6 cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (3 cases),
      fibrosarcoma (2 cases) and mesothelioma (1 case). The clinical presentation was
      very variable. The diagnosis was often made only at surgery or autopsy. The
      prognosis was very poor, the majority of patients dying of cardiac constriction
      or visceral metastases, within one year of diagnosis.

PMID- 4041150
TI  - Effect of age on antibody responses after lung immunization.
AB  - The effects of age on the number of lymphoid cells producing specific IgM
      antibody (AFC) and the level of specific IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody after lung
      immunization were evaluated in groups of dogs 2 through 16 yr of age. A trend for
      lowered antibody responses in blood was observed with increasing age, and
      significantly lowered antibody responses were measured in lavage fluids from
      immunized lung lobes of older dogs. Statistical evaluations indicated that the
      lowered antibody responses in the lung were due in part to the reduced AFC and
      level of specific antibody in the blood. However, a less intense inflammatory
      response to antigen instilled into the lungs of older dogs also significantly
      contributed to the lowered antibody responses in their lungs. Additional studies
      are needed to determine if the loss of inflammation and antibody responses in the
      lungs of aged dogs increases their susceptibility to pulmonary infections.

PMID- 4041152
TI  - [Perinatal mortality: clinico-statistical considerations (1970-1981)].

PMID- 4041153
TI  - [Experimental study of the ototoxicity of cisplatinum].
AB  - Cisplatinum, used in numerous multiple chemotherapy regimens, provokes
      cochleovestibular toxicity. Two series of rats were treated with single or
      increasing fractionated doses, and audiometric consequences evaluated from
      modifications in auditory evoked potentials from brain stem and from
      electrocochleographic recordings. The ototoxic effect was found to be dose
      related with a cumulative effect. Fractionated doses were less ototoxic than
      single doses. The mechanism of production of this ototoxicity has not been
      determined but is probably similar to that of the aminoglycosides.

PMID- 4041154
TI  - [Kasabach-Merritt syndrome in infants. 2 cases].
AB  - Two infants presenting with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome point out several points:
      the hemangioma may look innocuous with small proportions. The coagulopathy may be
      represented by a simple thrombopenia or an intravascular coagulation (PDF,
      ethanol test) of bad prognosis. A review of 150 observations of Kasabach-Merritt
      syndrome suggests a simple therapeutic approach: corticotherapy (2 to 4 mg/kg)
      for 2 to 4 weeks or, if failure, antiaggregant drugs. Radiotherapy is proposed in
      cases of emergency. Heparin and antifibrinolytic treatments are restricted to
      cases with severe coagulopathy.

PMID- 4041155
TI  - [Hepato-erythrocytic porphyria in 2 female twins].

PMID- 4041156
TI  - Plasma free testosterone--is an index sufficient?
AB  - Only about 50% of women who are clinically hirsute have a raised total plasma
      testosterone concentration; in those cases where the total testosterone is normal
      the free testosterone may, in fact, be raised. Since the measurement of free
      testosterone is tedious, workers have used an androgen index or a calculated free
      testosterone concentration from the measurements of total testosterone and sex
      hormone-binding globulin. We have examined the correlation between measured free
      testosterone, a derived free testosterone and an androgen index in hirsute women,
      normally menstruating women and non-hirsute women on oral contraceptive therapy.
      These three measures of the free testosterone concentration in blood gave similar
      results in all cases.

PMID- 4041157
TI  - Argon laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy: five year review of 697
      treated eyes.
AB  - Diabetic retinopathy has now become a common cause of blindness in Singapore.
      Fortunately, laser photocoagulation has prevented blindness in the majority of
      patients who were treated. An analysis of 872 patients treated with argon laser
      photocoagulation showed that 424 patients (48.6%) were for diabetic retinopathy.
      Patients with adequate treatment retained useful vision. Those who lost vision
      frequently had associated target organ involvement besides inadequate laser
      treatment. Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were treated with
      peripheral retinal photocoagulation. Patients with diabetic maculopathy
      especially those with focal leaks were treated with localised photocoagulation. A
      common cause of blindness is failure to recognise the condition early. Physicians
      and general practitioners must, in the management of diabetics, examine their
      patients periodically with the pupils dilated in a darkened room.

PMID- 4041158
TI  - Assessment of the cause of infertility.
AB  - The different causes of infertility and evaluation of the infertile couple are
      reviewed in this paper. Forty to 50 percent of cases are due to male factors, and
      special emphasis is placed in describing techniques to diagnosis this type of
      infertility. Five to ten percent of infertile couples have infertility of unknown
      etiology even after a complete, appropriate evaluation. Special instruction in
      how to diagnose and treat these types of patients is described. A step by step
      evaluation of peritoneal factors, ovulation factors, and male and cervical mucus
      interaction is presented for the clinicians' use.

PMID- 4041159
TI  - Path analysis of family resemblance for cranio-facial traits in Andhra Pradesh
      nuclear families and twins.
AB  - Path analysis of 12 cranio-facial measurements from a sample of nuclear families
      and twins from Andhra Pradesh, India is used to test hypotheses about the
      familial transmission of these traits. For bigonial breadth and ear dimensions,
      the transmission from parent to child is consistent with simple autosomal
      polygenic inheritance, but length, breadth and circumference of the head, facial
      breadth and nose dimensions show evidence of transmission in excess of polygenic
      expectations. Additional non-transmissible resemblance of sibling pairs is not
      significant for any of the variables, but twin pairs do exhibit significant
      additional resemblance for head circumference, head length, minimum frontal
      breadth, bizygomatic breadth and ear dimensions. The effect of interobserver
      measurement differences can be detected for head breadth, minimum frontal
      breadth, bigonial breadth, total facial height and nose dimensions.

PMID- 4041160
TI  - Sequential measurement of intratumoral platinum concentration in cervix uterine
      tumors after cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP) administration.
AB  - Intratumoral (cervix uterine tumors) distribution of platinum was studied in ten
      patients after IV administration of CDDP. Sequential tumoral measurement of
      platinum was carried out 4, 24, and 48 h after the IV infusion. Platinum
      concentration in the tumor samples ranged from 0 to 29,5 ng/mg tissue. For all
      patients, there was no definite evolution of the tumoral concentration with time
      and there was no good relation for the same patient between the platinum
      concentration in three successive biopsies. These results involve uncertainty in
      studies attempting to relate CDDP tumor levels (measured in one biopsy) and tumor
      response to chemotherapy.

PMID- 4041161
TI  - Heterogeneity of cell lines derived after transformation of early passage rodent
      cells by the Ha-ras1 human oncogene.
AB  - The chromosome patterns of Chinese hamster cell lines derived after
      immortalization or tumorigenic conversion of early passage cells with
      recombinants carrying the mutated T24 or the normal human Ha-ras1 gene have been
      characterized by trypsin-Giemsa banding. Whereas immortalized Chinese hamster
      cell lines exhibited a near normal karyotype, tumorigenic cell lines were found
      to have abnormal karyotypes carrying marker chromosomes. Moreover, chromosomal
      patterns correlated with growth in semisolid media and tumourigenicity in nude
      mice. Similarly, malignant conversion of early passage Syrian hamster cells, with
      a recombinant carrying the mutated T24 human Ha-ras1 gene, resulted in cells with
      a near diploid karyotype. On the other hand, tumorigenic conversion of early
      passage Wistar rat cells with the same oncogene produced cell lines with
      heteroploid karyotypes. More chromosomal alterations have been observed during
      further growth of these cells. It is suggested that the transformed phenotype in
      these cells may be dependent on the chromosomal instability.

PMID- 4041162
TI  - Cerebral cortical function in infants at risk for sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - Cerebral cortical function was prospectively examined by electroencephalography
      (EEG) in 3 subgroups of 257 infants at risk for sudden infant death syndrome
      (SIDS). Group 1 consisted of apparently healthy infants with near-miss SIDS
      episodes; Group 2 consisted of siblings of SIDS victims; and Group 3 consisted of
      neurologically suspect infants with apnea. The usual abundance and distribution
      of sharp EEG transients (SETs) were determined from 69 Group 1 infants. EEGs were
      interpreted as abnormal in the presence of ictal apnea, excessively abundant
      SETs, or immaturity of EEG background for conceptional age. Ninety percent of
      infants in Group 1 had entirely normal EEGs. There was no significant difference
      in the abundance or distribution of SETs between infants with normal breathing
      patterns and those with excessively periodic respirations. Nonictal apnea was
      recorded in 7% of Group 1 infants. The unexpected diagnosis of ictal apnea was
      confirmed in 2 Group 1 infants (1.2%), and 5 (2.9%) had excessive SETs but no
      recorded seizures. Only 4 infants (2.3%) had abnormally immature EEGs for
      conceptional age. Nonictal apnea occurred in 5 of 33 (15.2%) Group 3 infants and
      ictal apnea was confirmed in 2 others (6.1%). We conclude that the majority of
      Group 1 and 2 infants have normal cerebral cortical activity between and during
      apnea and that central nervous system cortical immaturity, as measured by EEG,
      plays no important role in the pathogenesis of SIDS. SETs are commonly recorded
      in these infants and must be conservatively interpreted. However, an EEG
      examination was critical in establishing the unexpected diagnosis of ictal apnea
      in a small percentage of Group 1 and 3 infants and materially influenced
      subsequent evaluation, management, and prognosis.

PMID- 4041163
TI  - Purification and properties of an endo-alpha-mannan hydrolase from the mushroom
      Volvariella volvacea.
AB  - The enzyme, endo-alpha-mannanase, from culture filtrate of a mushroom Volvariella
      volvacea has been purified 73-fold by acetone precipitation, ion-exchange
      chromatography (DEAE-Sephadex), and gel-permeation chromatographies on Bio-Gel P
      300 and on Sephacryl S-200 columns. The enzyme preparation gave a single protein
      band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc gel electrophoresis at pH 6.8 and has a
      molecular weight of approx. 56,000. It has no alpha- or beta-mannosidase activity
      and does not act on beta-gluco-or galactomannan. The enzyme shows maximum
      activity on baker's yeast alpha-mannan at pH 5.0 and at 55 degrees C, and is
      fairly stable between pH 3 and 6 and temperatures up to 50 degrees C. The Km is
      32.25 mg mannan/ml. Enzyme activity is inhibited by Hg2+, sodium azide,
      iodoacetic acid, EDTA, and Ag+, in decreasing order.

PMID- 4041164
TI  - [A case of remission in diffuse pleural mesothelioma induced by anticancer
      chemotherapy with cisplatin and adriamycin].
AB  - A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of dyspnea and
      right pleural effusion. Malignant pleural mesothelioma was diagnosed, based on
      the high level of hyaluronic acid in the pleural fluid and manifestation of
      malignant cells by pleural needle biopsy. Anticancer chemotherapy with cisplatin
      and intrapleural injections of adriamycin against this mesothelioma was carried
      out because of the presence of stage III by Butchart's classification. Regression
      of the tumor, decrease of pleural fluid and decrease of LDH level in effusions
      were observed after this chemotherapy. Cisplatin was easily transported into the
      pleural fluid, and its concentration was maintained for a satisfactorily long
      period.

PMID- 4041165
TI  - [Complete remission of bladder cancer with multiple pulmonary metastases obtained
      by combined chemotherapy with cis-platinum, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide].
AB  - A 54-year old man with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (grade 3) of the
      bladder has achieved complete remission as a result of combination chemotherapy.
      Plain chest X-P demonstrated multiple pulmonary metastases and computed
      tomography demonstrated a 35 X 40 mm-sized bladder tumor. The patient was treated
      with four courses of combination chemotherapy consisting of cis-platinum,
      adriamycin and cyclophosphamide, after which complete disappearance of the
      pulmonary metastases and bladder tumor was observed. The patient has been
      followed up, with no evidence of tumor nine months after the treatment.

PMID- 4041166
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of non-protein bound platinum formed from cisplatin].

PMID- 4041167
TI  - Stanozolol in the treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris.

PMID- 4041168
TI  - [Report of 3 cases of specific type cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract
      adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, choriocarcinoma of the stomach and
      squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach].

PMID- 4041169
TI  - Myenteric enkephalin neurons around the laser-photocoagulation necrosis: an
      immunocytochemical investigation in the guinea pig jejunum and proximal colon.
AB  - Laser irradiation-caused features of neuronal regrowth containing enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity in the myenteric plexus around the necrosis were investigated in
      the guinea pig jejunum and proximal colon using an antiserum to methionine
      enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8. The power level and irradiation time of the argon
      laser beam were adjusted to make a coagulation spot of about 0.5 mm in diameter.
      A distinct accumulation of the immunoreactivity occurred in the laser
      photocoagulated ends of the enkephalin neuron processes. Regeneration of the
      severed axon-like process took place in the following order: swelling and budding
      at the severed proximal end; elongation and branching of newly-formed nerve
      fibers; and formation of a tangled overgrowth. Approximately 43-90 hrs after the
      laser microsurgery, immunoreaction of the enkephalin neuron perikarya was
      stronger in the first several rows of ganglia, on both the oral and anal sides of
      the laser necrosis. In the jejunum, an increase in the intensity of the
      immunoreaction was more prominent on the oral side than on the anal side, whereas
      the proximal colon displayed an opposite state. In the jejunum, the anally
      directed axon-like process of the enkephalin neurons transported a larger amount
      of the immunoreactivity as compared with the orally-directed wing-ramuli. This
      paper seeks to prove that the laser irradiation combined with immunocytochemistry
      may provide a simple and reliable methodology for the study of the projections of
      enteric neurons.

PMID- 4041170
TI  - We must stop selling cancer to our children.

PMID- 4041171
TI  - Patterns of use and incidence of smokeless tobacco consumption in school-age
      children.
AB  - A sample of 5,392 students were surveyed using a 42-item, multiple-choice
      questionnaire from a population of 19,040 Texas school-age children. The
      geographic distribution was 70% urban and 30% rural, with a representative
      sampling of the various racial and ethnic groups within Texas. The results of the
      survey indicated that 486 (9%) of the students regularly used smokeless tobacco,
      810 (15%) regularly smoked cigarettes, and 4,096 (76%) used no tobacco products.
      Further, 77% perceived cigarette smoking as very harmful, while only 40%
      perceived smokeless tobacco as very harmful. Age of initiating use indicated that
      55% of smokeless tobacco users started before the age of 13 years, whereas only
      36% of cigarette smokers began that early.

PMID- 4041172
TI  - A study of mucus glycoproteins in secretory otitis media.
AB  - Rheologically active mucus glycoproteins (mucins) were isolated from the middle
      ear effusions of 282 patients (344 ears) with secretory otitis media. Middle ear
      mucins from those patients with no other associated pathology were compared
      biochemically and biophysically with mucins from patients where a specific
      associated pathology was present. The most striking biochemical variation was
      total carbohydrate content, which was lowest for mucins derived from purulent
      secretions in general (30.9%) and mucoid secretions from patients with cleft
      palates (32%). Furthermore, the carbohydrate content was correlated with the
      rheologic activity of reconstituted mucins, both in dilute solution and in the
      gel state. All mucins had high intrinsic viscosities, sensitive to ionic strength
      and the mucolytic N-acetylcysteine. Transport studies indicated that certain
      middle ear effusions, particularly those from patients with cleft palates, may
      not be cleared from the middle ear because of insufficient viscoelasticity.

PMID- 4041173
TI  - Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity: audiometric findings and experimental cochlear
      pathology.
AB  - Twenty-four (48%) out of a group of 50 patients treated with one to three single
      doses of cisplatin compound (cis-DDP), at a dosage of 60 mg/m2 body surface, were
      found to have deterioration of post-treatment pure tone audiometric threshold
      levels. Statistical analysis of pre- and post-treatment hearing losses by means
      of the paired t-test, however, did not show any significant hearing loss
      associated with cis-DDP-toxicity, nor could hearing loss following treatment be
      correlated to ages of the patients, pre-treatment hearing impairments, specific
      frequencies, or the number of treatment courses given. In contrast, cochlear
      damage was studied in the guinea pig model by daily administration of high
      cumulative doses of cis-DDP, and was found to be dose-dependent and selectively
      restricted to the outer hair cells of the inner ear and corresponding nerve
      fibers. Hair cell degeneration was most severe in the basal turn of the cochlea,
      and progressed in an apical direction so that the cells in the first row were the
      most affected.

PMID- 4041174
TI  - Microcapsule chemoembolization for head and neck cancer.
AB  - Cisplatin (CDDP) was microencapsulated with ethylcellulose, and microcapsules
      (CDDP-mc) were infused into the maxillary arteries of patients with various head
      and neck carcinomas. We then found that the CDDP level in the circulating blood
      was significantly lower than that in patients administrated intravenous non
      excapsulated CDDP. However, significantly high concentrations of CDDP were found
      in the tissues of patients treated with CDDP-mc. Our results suggest that
      selective arterial infusions of CDDP-mc can exert an intensive topical antitumor
      effect through microinfarction of malignant tissues. The prolonged release of
      drug from the microcapsules has also been associated with minimal systemic side
      effects.

PMID- 4041175
TI  - Sequelae of ventilation tubes following tonsillectomy.
AB  - The insertion of middle ear ventilation tubes results in persistent scarring in a
      significant number of the tympanic membranes incised. The present study was done
      in order to compare the occurrences of tympanic membrane sequelae following
      ventilation tube insertions in a group of patients with intact tonsils with that
      of a tonsillectomized group. The study population had been treated with
      ventilation tubes 3-5 years previously because of middle ear effusions. A total
      of 104 patients were re-examined (follow-up rate, 85%). Otomicroscopy was
      performed by examiners who had no prior knowledge of the patient's past history
      of ear disease or treatment. The results were categorized by a simplified scoring
      system. It was found that 60% of the tympanic membranes showed pars tensa
      abnormalities outside the previous site of the tube. The occurrence of pars tensa
      tympanosclerosis was more prevalent in tonsillectomized patients. This latter
      observation is probably a secondary occurrence. However, the high incidence of
      sequelae following insertions of ventilation tubes calls for their restricted
      usage.

PMID- 4041176
TI  - Change of catecholamine turnover in ovary during the rat estrous cycle.

PMID- 4041177
TI  - Congenital rubella syndrome in Western Australia.
AB  - The birth prevalence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Western Australia
      has been around 20 per 10 000 live births with peaks up to 100 per 10 000 in
      rubella epidemic years. The rate appears to be falling but it is still too soon
      to know whether the rubella vaccination programme in Western Australia has made a
      significant impact. The cohorts of young women who would have received the
      schoolgirl vaccination programme are only now entering the child bearing age
      groups. Observed falls may be due also to delayed diagnosis particularly of cases
      of deafness only. The proportion of nonimmune young women who would have been
      eligible for the programme in one maternity hospital has fallen. This study needs
      to be repeated to ascertain whether further epidemics of rubella have resulted in
      peaks of CRS or whether the vaccination programme has started to have an effect.

PMID- 4041178
TI  - A twin study of psychomotor and physiological responses to an acute dose of
      alcohol.

PMID- 4041179
TI  - No decline in assortative mating for educational level.

PMID- 4041180
TI  - Separated fraternal twins: resemblance for cognitive abilities.

PMID- 4041181
TI  - Effects of cobalt deficiency on the ovarian function in the East African short
      horned goat.
AB  - 24 normocyclic East African short-horned goats were made vitamin B12-deficient
      through feeding cobalt-deficient Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay. The
      deficiency was confirmed by controls of the blood level, by the occurrence of
      anaemia, by increased cortisol levels, and by hypertrophy of the fasciculata and
      reticulata zones in the adrenal cortex. The oestrogen level increased initially,
      and then decreased markedly from the 3rd cycle on, and reached levels below those
      of the control. Ovulations finally ceased. It is suggested that ovarian
      dysfunctions during vitamin B12 deficiency are caused by changes in the endocrine
      profile.

PMID- 4041182
TI  - Kinetic studies on the interaction of streptokinase and other plasminogen
      activators with plasminogen and fibrin.
AB  - The activation of Lys-plasminogen to plasmin by streptokinase was promoted by
      soluble fibrin such that Km was decreased and Vmax. increased. Enhancement was
      also observed when Glu-plasminogen was the substrate and was shared by the
      preformed streptokinase-plasminogen activator complex, indicating that the
      stimulation was not exerted primarily on the rate of active site formation.

PMID- 4041183
TI  - Inhibition of phosphorylase kinase, and tyrosine protein kinase activities by
      quercetin.
AB  - Quercetin, a naturally occurring bioflavonoid inhibited the activities of
      phosphorylase kinase and a partially purified tyrosine protein kinase from rat
      lung. The inhibition was rapid and concentration dependent. Quercetin at 100
      microM inhibited the activities of phosphorylase kinase and tyrosine protein
      kinase by about 95 and 80-90 percent respectively. ATP reversed the quercetin
      mediated inhibition of tyrosine protein kinase but not of phosphorylase kinase.
      These data suggest that quercetin has differential effect on different protein
      kinase activities and it may be used as a tool to probe the role of various
      protein kinases in cell function.

PMID- 4041184
TI  - The nuclear-bound form of the progesterone receptor is generated through a
      hormone-dependent phosphorylation.
AB  - The solubilized ("cytosolic") receptor present in the rabbit uterus in the
      absence of hormone and the chromatin-bound ("nuclear") receptor obtained after
      injection of a progestin were compared. Crude cellular extracts were analyzed by
      immunoblotting and receptors were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. With
      both methods it was observed that the electrophoretic mobility of the "nuclear"
      receptor was slower than that of the "cytosolic" receptor. This difference in
      mobility appeared to be due to the existence of variably phosphorylated forms of
      receptor. The phosphorylation reaction was examined in uterine slices. In the
      absence of hormone the cytosolic receptor was phosphorylated. When hormone was
      added the phosphorylation of receptor was markedly enhanced and the
      electrophoretic mobility of the "nuclear" receptor was decreased. These
      experiments thus show that the receptor in its "cytosolic" form is a
      phosphoprotein. Under the effect of the hormone the receptor is further
      phosphorylated on some supplementary site(s). This polyphosphoprotein is the
      chromatin-bound, putatively active, form of the receptor. In this respect the
      intracellular progesterone receptor is similar to various membrane receptors for
      hormones and growth factors which are phosphorylated upon binding of their
      ligand.

PMID- 4041185
TI  - Failure of cis-platinum to alter metal concentrations in the liver and kidney of
      the rat.
AB  - The anticancer drug, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, was administered to male rats
      at a dose of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mg platinum/kg body weight. After 48 hrs, the
      animals were killed and platinum, zinc, copper and metallothionein were measured
      in renal and hepatic tissue and platinum, zinc and copper were measured in the
      plasma. Administration of this platinum-containing compound did not induce
      hepatic or renal metallothionein and did not significantly alter the
      concentrations of copper or zinc in hepatic or renal tissue or in the plasma.

PMID- 4041186
TI  - [Renal puncture biopsy in the aged subject: apropos of 119 cases].
AB  - We reviewed 119 renal biopsies performed between 1964 and 1982 on adults aged 60
      or more. The two main indications wer: renal failure (35/119) and nephrotic
      syndrome (35/119). Histology showed: primary glomerular diseases (76/119),
      systemic diseases with renal involvement (31/119), arteriosclerosis only (5/19),
      tubulo-interstitial nephritis only (5/119). No obvious lesion was seen in 2
      cases. Additional arteriosclerosis was observed in 21 cases and additional tubulo
      interstitial nephritis in 6 cases. Primary glomerular diseases consisted mainly
      in diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis (18/76). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
      (7/31) and amyloidosis (6/31) represented most of the systemic diseases with
      renal involvement. The usefulness of renal biopsy in diagnosis, treatment and
      prognosis of a wide variety of renal diseases in elderly adults is demonstrated.

PMID- 4041187
TI  - [Benign sub-periosteal osteoblastoma of the nasal cavity. histological and
      ultrastructural study of a case].
AB  - A case of periosteal benign osteoblastoma arising in the left nasal cavity is
      presented. The tumor develops on the surface of the middle turbinate without
      evidence of bone destruction. It has been locally excised and has not recurred in
      3 1/2 years. The histological aspect is identical to that of the other cases of
      genuine osteoblastoma. The ultrastructure (the first of a periosteal
      osteoblastoma) is described. The osteoblasts resemble normal osteoblasts with a
      few exceptions: irregular nuclei, abundance of well-developed rough-surfaced
      endoplasmic reticulum and numerous fine filaments. The osteocytes and osteoclasts
      basically resemble their normal counterparts. The final diagnosis of benign
      osteoblastoma rests at the light microscopy level. The differential diagnosis are
      reviewed. Distinguishing histologic and ultrastructural characteristics between
      this tumor and other benign osteoblastic tumors are discussed.

PMID- 4041188
TI  - Theophylline overdose: acute single ingestion versus chronic repeated
      overmedication.
AB  - Currently available guidelines for managing theophylline intoxication do not
      distinguish between acute single ingestion and chronic repeated overmedication
      and do not reliably predict which patients should undergo hemoperfusion. Although
      hemoperfusion is widely recommended when serum concentrations exceed 40-60 mg/l,
      many patients with acute overdose tolerate much higher levels without serious
      toxicity. Because manifestations of toxicity might be dependent on the chronicity
      of the overdose, the authors retrospectively compared the clinical features of 15
      patients with chronic repeated overmedication with those of 27 patients suffering
      acute single overdose. Patients suffering chronic repeated overmedication
      developed seizures (7/15) and serious arrhythmias (4/15) with serum levels of 28
      70 mg/l. By contrast, only one of 19 patients suffering acute single overdose
      with peak levels less than 100 mg/l had seizures, and only two of 19 with levels
      less than 100 mg/l had serious arrhythmias. However, of the eight single-overdose
      patients with levels over 100 mg/l, seven had seizures and three had serious
      arrhythmias. Single-overdose patients were easily recognized by the presence of
      hypotension, hypokalemia, and low serum bicarbonate, features not present in
      chronic-type patients. Thus, while patients with theophylline overdose caused by
      chronic repeated overmedication frequently develop seizures and arrhythmias with
      serum levels of 40-70 mg/l, those with acute single ingestion are highly unlikely
      to suffer serious complications unless serum levels exceed 100 mg/l. Management
      of the intoxication, especially selection of patients for hemoperfusion, should
      be based on whether the overdose is caused by an acute single ingestion or
      chronic repeated overmedication.

PMID- 4041189
TI  - Recognition of psychological and cognitive impairments in the emergency
      department.
AB  - Ninety-six patients presenting to a university hospital emergency department were
      screened before triage for psychological symptoms or cognitive impairment using
      the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Mini-Mental State examination (MMS).
      Charts were reviewed for demographic information and emergency physicians'
      recognition of psychological symptoms or cognitive dysfunction. Of the patients
      studied, 38% had positive results on the GHQ, and 18% had positive results on the
      MMS. Psychological symptoms or cognitive impairments were recognized by the
      emergency physicians in only 8% of those with positive GHQ results and 6% of
      those with positive MMS results. The usefulness of screening measures for
      psychological symptoms and cognitive impairment of emergency department patients
      is discussed.

PMID- 4041190
TI  - Pediatric catheter flow rates.
AB  - The flow rates of the 18- to 24-gauge catheters most commonly used in pediatrics
      were studied to determine which catheters and infusion techniques allowed for
      rapid volume replacement in infants and children. As expected, short, large
      diameter catheters were found to have a higher flow rate, and flows under
      pressure in the largest catheters tested were up to 17 times greater than in a
      longer, smaller diameter catheter. Catheters designed for peripheral venous
      insertion in children showed an 18 to 164% increase in flow rate when compared
      with the same gauge catheters designed for central venous use. Thus, intravenous
      access via a central vein does not guarantee more rapid fluid infusion unless the
      use of the central vein permits the insertion of a catheter larger in diameter
      than any that could be placed peripherally. Knowledge of the flow rates
      determined for the various catheters in this study will assist the physician in
      optimizing fluid resuscitation of the critically ill or injured child.

PMID- 4041191
TI  - Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and acidosis after intentional theophylline overdose.
AB  - Three cases of intentional theophylline overdose in adult patients are described.
      Among these, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and acidosis were found, and markedly
      elevated initial serum theophylline concentrations (106, 76.2, and 41.4
      micrograms/ml) were measured. All patients recovered completely with conservative
      management. The observed biochemical abnormalities rapidly resolved during
      maintenance fluid therapy and modest potassium supplementation. In addition,
      seizures, ventricular arrhythmias, and other serious toxic effects were notably
      absent.

PMID- 4041192
TI  - Oven-cleaner pads: new risk for corrosive injury.
AB  - Over a six-month period, the New Jersey Poison Information System received 61
      calls related to exposures to alkaline corrosives. Seven of these calls related
      to a new oven-cleaner product, oven-cleaner pads. These pads are sealed in a
      protective plastic wrap and contain lye in excess of 5%. Use of these products
      requires careful opening of the seal and caution in application. Five of the
      callers sustained injuries from their exposure, and three of these sustained
      burns, one in the oral cavity and one in the eye. None suffered permanent
      sequelae, but the potential for such is considerable. The method of application,
      concentration of base, and prolonged exposure to a widely covered area may make
      this product particularly hazardous.

PMID- 4041193
TI  - Tularemia: emergency department presentation of an infrequently recognized
      disease.
AB  - Tularemia is an uncommon, highly communicable disease occurring with seasonal
      regularity in endemic parts of the United States. The varied signs and symptoms
      may confound the unwary physician. Two cases are reported illustrating the
      ulceroglandular and ingestion forms of the disease. Septic (typhoidal),
      oculoglandular, pleuropulmonary, glandular, and oropharyngeal forms also are
      described. Knowledge of the epidemiology and a high index of suspicion should
      lead the examining physician to ask revealing questions. The diagnosis is
      presumed upon clinical grounds and confirmed by serological testing. According to
      published reports delayed diagnosis can result in an overall mortality rate of 7%
      of cases; however, early diagnosis will lead to uncomplicated recovery in most
      cases.

PMID- 4041194
TI  - Psychiatric screening in the emergency department: validation of the General
      Health Questionnaire.
AB  - Both a 28-item psychiatric scale, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire
      (GHQ), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Diagnostic Interview
      Schedule (DIS) were administered to 25 emergency department patients to determine
      the validity of the GHQ as a screening instrument for psychopathology in the
      emergency department setting. There was a significant association (P = 0.0343)
      between GHQ scores and DIS assessment. The sensitivity of the GHQ in this series
      was 55.6% and the specificity was 87.5% when compared with the DIS. This suggests
      that the GHQ may prove to be a valuable screening tool for patients with somatic
      complaints to detect unsuspected psychiatric illness in the emergency department.

PMID- 4041195
TI  - 1984 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National
      Data Collection System.

PMID- 4041196
TI  - Seizures in psychiatric patients.

PMID- 4041197
TI  - Fallacious arguments against resuscitation research.

PMID- 4041198
TI  - Methods of randomization in controlled clinical trials.
AB  - In this second article of a series that explores design and analysis issues in
      controlled clinical trials in emergency medicine, we have discussed the case for
      randomization, reviewed the methods involved in simple randomization, highlighted
      some of the practical problems involved with randomization, and presented some
      modified randomization schemes intended to remedy these problems.

PMID- 4041199
TI  - Theophylline poisoning.

PMID- 4041200
TI  - Use of psychiatric screening instruments in the ED.

PMID- 4041201
TI  - Retention of CPR skills.

PMID- 4041202
TI  - Calcium blockers in neurological recovery after cardiac arrest.

PMID- 4041203
TI  - Salicylate-induced pulmonary edema.

PMID- 4041204
TI  - Airway management in resuscitation.

PMID- 4041205
TI  - High i.v. infusion flow rates.

PMID- 4041206
TI  - [Breast-feeding during the process of transculturation].

PMID- 4041207
TI  - [Secondary sex characteristics among Mexican boys 9 to 16 years of age.
      Horizontal study].

PMID- 4041208
TI  - [Biological features of solutions available for oral hydration in Mexico].

PMID- 4041209
TI  - [Fanconi's anemia].

PMID- 4041210
TI  - [An urticaria, vasculitis and hypocomplementemia syndrome. Presentation of a
      case].

PMID- 4041211
TI  - [Drowning in children].

PMID- 4041212
TI  - Electrophysiological characteristics of amygdaloid central nucleus neurons during
      Pavlovian fear conditioning in the rabbit.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that the amygdaloid central nucleus (ACE) may contribute
      importantly to cardiovascular adjustments in response to the presentation of
      conditioned emotional stimuli, possibly via direct ACE projections to
      cardiovascular regulatory nuclei in the medulla. The present experiment was
      conducted to obtain additional data relevant to this suggestion. Extracellular
      single-unit recordings were obtained from 85 histologically-verified ACE neurons
      during Pavlovian differentially conditioned heart-rate responding in rabbits.
      Conditioning involved pairing one tone (CS+), but not a second tone (CS-), with
      paraorbital shock. Those ACE neurons which project to the lower brainstem were
      identified by their antidromic responses to stimulation of a mesencephalic region
      through which descending ACE projections course. Under these conditions it was
      possible to classify ACE neurons as conforming to one of 6 general categories
      based on their spontaneous activity and conditioned response characteristics. In
      addition, it was determined that: (1) the electrophysiological characteristics of
      many ACE neurons were differentially altered in response to presentations of the
      CS+ versus the CS-; (2) the responses of many ACE neurons to presentations of the
      CS+ were correlated with the magnitudes of concomitant conditioned alterations in
      heart rate; and (3) the activity of antidromically-identified ACE neurons which
      project to the lower brainstem was decreased in response to presentations of each
      CS. These data provide additional support for the notion that the ACE contributes
      to cardiovascular regulation during the presentation of emotionally-arousing
      stimuli.

PMID- 4041213
TI  - The hippocampus and thalamus: their roles in short- and long-term memory and the
      effects of interference.
AB  - Rats with dorsal hippocampal, dorsomedial thalamic, and operated control lesions
      were administered a delayed alternation (DA) task in which recall was assessed
      over intervals ranging between 0 and 80 s, and a passive avoidance (PA) task,
      involving training-test delays of between 1 h and 21 days. On both tasks,
      hippocampal groups performed normally at relatively short intervals, but showed
      significant memory loss at longer intervals. Thalamic groups were generally
      impaired on the DA task, but performed as well as operated control groups at all
      intervals in the PA task. The data also indicated an exaggerated susceptibility
      to interference in the hippocampal groups and a loss of episodic and reference
      memory following hippocampal or thalamic lesions. Similarities between the
      performance of rats with hippocampal or thalamic lesions and comparably brain
      damaged human amnesics were noted. In line with current hypotheses, it was
      concluded that memory loss following thalamic damage is related to a deficit in
      the early stages of new learning, whereas hippocampal amnesia results from
      impairment at a later, integrative stage in which long-term memories are formed
      and durably stored.

PMID- 4041214
TI  - Visual analysis of body movements by neurones in the temporal cortex of the
      macaque monkey: a preliminary report.
AB  - Movement provides biologically important information about the nature (and
      intent) of animate objects. We have studied cells in the superior temporal sulcus
      of the macaque monkey which seem to process such visual information. We found
      that the majority of cells in this brain region were selective for type of
      movement and for stimulus form, most cells responding only to particular
      movements of the body or some part of it. A variety of cell types emerged,
      including cells sensitive to: translation of bodies in view, movements into view
      (appearance) or out of view (disappearance) and the articulation and rotation of
      the body/head. Directional selectivity for cells sensitive to translation tended
      to lie along one of 3 orthogonal Cartesian axes centred on the monkey
      (towards/away, left/right and up/down). One type of rotation sensitive cell was
      tuned to rotation about one or more of these axes, a second type was sensitive to
      different head rotations which brought the face to confront the monkey or turned
      the face away. Reconstructions of cell positions indicated that cells of the same
      type were clumped anatomically both across the surface of the cortex and
      perpendicular to the surface.

PMID- 4041215
TI  - Cerebellar lesion effects on vocalization of the squirrel monkey.
AB  - High-frequency coagulations were made in the cerebellar nuclei of 3 adult
      squirrel monkeys to test their role in the production of vocalization. Complete
      bilateral destruction of all 3 nuclei in one animal or destruction of their
      rostral or caudal halves in the other two had no effect on the acoustic structure
      of electrically elicited species-specific calls.

PMID- 4041216
TI  - Respiration and olfactory bulb unit activity in the unrestrained rat: statements
      and reappraisals.
AB  - The activity of 26 olfactory bulb units, including 19 mitral, 5 granular and 2
      external plexiform cells, was recorded in unrestrained rats associating food odor
      stimuli/isoamyl acetate to a food reward/no reward. The respiratory activity was
      transduced from the intranasal air pressure and used as a time-base to analyze
      the unit discharge. The patterning of neuron activity was presented in histograms
      built from sequences of 30 successive cycles each resolved into 5 equal bins. 64
      sequences were defined by the low or high respiratory frequency and by olfactory
      stimulation. In resting conditions, 15 (13 mitral) units displayed significant
      respiratory patterning, mainly characterized by the absolute and relative phases
      of the maximal and minimal activity in the cycle. Six typical groups of units
      could be defined accordingly. Increased respiratory frequency erased patterning,
      except in the 2 most typical units. The histograms from adjacent mitral cells
      showed that the various types were distributed as in a neuronal network with
      lateral recurrent inhibition, where noise was introduced at each inspiration. The
      data verified that the spatial and temporal distribution of the input activity
      elicited by the olfactory stimuli created local interferences, modifying the
      patterning of mitral activity. The odor-induced changes (R1 responses) were as
      consistent as the typology itself; they were selective and habituated rapidly.
      The transient R1 activity could also give rise to an R2 firing, atypical, regular
      and lasting, mainly when food odor elicited food intake. Possible functional
      interpretations of these phenomena are presented.

PMID- 4041217
TI  - Deficits in non-spatial conditional associative learning after periarcuate
      lesions in the monkey.
AB  - Monkeys with lesions of the periarcuate region of the frontal cortex were
      severely impaired in learning a nonspatial conditional associative task. In this
      task, either one of two non-spatial responses (open the lit or the unlit box) was
      correct if emitted in the presence of the appropriate stimulus. In contrast, the
      periarcuate monkeys were able to learn, at a normal rate, the control tasks in
      which only one of the two responses was correct (e.g., go to the lit box), the
      animal's task being to emit this response when the cue to do so was given. These
      findings support the hypothesis that the periarcuate cortex is critically
      involved in conditional associative learning.

PMID- 4041218
TI  - No cross-tolerance between the stimulatory and depressant actions of
      benzodiazepines in mice.
AB  - Doses of the benzodiazepines chlordiazepoxide and diazepam were selected that
      elevate, or that depress, exploratory and locomotor behaviour in the holeboard in
      mice, and the development of tolerance to these effects was investigated.
      Tolerance did not develop to the stimulant effects of low doses of these
      compounds after 10 or 20 days pretreatment with either a low (stimulant) dose or
      a high (depressant) dose of each. When animals were pretreated with a high
      (depressant) dose of the benzodiazepines, tolerance developed to the depressant
      effects of a high test dose, and in fact, after 20 days a stimulatory effect on
      head-dipping had developed with this dose. In contrast, however, after
      pretreatment with a high (depressant) dose, there was no tolerance to the
      stimulatory effects of a low test dose of the benzodiazepines, even after 20
      days. The ability of current theories is concluded that behavioural theories of
      tolerance, such as an instrumental conditioning model, may be the most
      appropriate to explain the present results.

PMID- 4041219
TI  - Behavioural and neurochemical effects of chronic intraventricular injections of
      nerve growth factor in adult rats with fimbria lesions.
AB  - Rats received bilateral lesions of the fimbria. These lesions impaired their
      ability to learn a radial maze. Rats given repeated intraventricular injections
      of nerve growth factor (NGF, 10 micrograms twice weekly during 4 weeks after the
      lesion) learned the maze problem more rapidly than rats with the same injury but
      treated with a control protein (cytochrome c). When retested after a period of 6
      weeks without NGF treatment, the performance of NGF-treated and cytochrome c
      treated rats with fimbria lesions did not differ. Whereas our previous study
      showed an increase in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the septum and
      the hippocampus 4 days after the last NGF injection, the present study found that
      after the retest period (i.e. 10 weeks after the last NGF injection) ChAT
      activity was increased in the septum but not in the hippocampus. The relationship
      between the NGF-induced changes in ChAT activity and behaviour is discussed.

PMID- 4041220
TI  - Earlier is not always better: behavioral dysfunction and abnormal cerebral
      morphogenesis following neonatal cortical lesions in the rat.
AB  - Rats with lesions of the medial frontal, ventral frontal or posterior parietal
      cortex in adulthood were compared behaviorally and neuroanatomically in adulthood
      with rats with similar removals at 7 days of age. The neonatal lesions altered
      cortical morphogenesis, especially in the ventral frontal and parietal groups, in
      which there was a marked thinning of remaining cortex distal to the lesion site.
      Behavior was assessed on an extensive battery of sensorimotor and maze-learning
      tests. Although there was sparing of function on some tests, the overall result
      was very little sparing on sensorimotor tests and only partial sparing on tests
      of maze learning in the frontal groups. The parietal neonates showed sparing on
      only one sensorimotor task and, in addition, showed unexpected deficits on
      sensorimotor and maze-learning tasks that were not observed in the adult
      operates. The results suggest that there may be more localization of function in
      the infant cortex than is generally believed and that early cortical damage may
      produce different behavioral effects than similar damage in adulthood.

PMID- 4041221
TI  - On the ability of rats to discriminate between microstimulations of the olfactory
      bulb in different locations.
AB  - An investigation was made into the ability of rats to discriminate between
      electrical stimulations applied to the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb in
      different locations. Water-deprived rats implanted with permanent electrodes were
      trained to use single- or multi-site microstimulations as discriminative stimuli
      for selecting a palatable solution without tasting it in a two-choice test.
      Spontaneous reactions of the animals to stimulation with sinusoidal currents
      higher than 3 microA per electrode resembled sensory arousal. All rats were found
      to discriminate between the effects of concurrent microstimulations applied to
      bulbar sites separated by 500 micron. Changing the current intensity in the range
      4-20 microA had no detectable effect on the discrimination. Discrimination was
      still possible, with a few exceptions, when electrodes were separated by 250
      micron and even when they were closely adjacent. Spatial resolution of
      discrimination seemed not to vary in different regions along the rostrocaudal
      axis of the bulb. The discrimination of patterns of simultaneous stimulation at
      several sites was also investigated. Different multi-site patterns were easily
      distinguished, even when their respective components were closely adjacent or
      when some components occupied the same area. The findings are discussed with
      reference to the concept of spatial coding of odours in the olfactory bulb.

PMID- 4041223
TI  - DRL responding under uncertain reinforcement in rats after medial frontal
      cortical lesions.
AB  - Rats were studied for their performance on DRL 10-s schedule with a 50%
      probability of reinforcement of a correct response with a food pellet. It was
      found that the performance of a group of 8 rats with medial frontal decortication
      by aspiration was deficient compared to a group of 7 sham-operated control rats.
      The deficit manifested in the form of an increase in very short interresponse
      times (IRTs). This signifies an influence of medial frontal cortex on the control
      of responding by time-correlated stimuli probably arising from collateral
      behaviours.

PMID- 4041222
TI  - Differential effects of intrafrontocortical microinjections of dopamine agonists
      and antagonists on circling behavior of rats.
AB  - Asymmetric posturing and circling behavior resulting from acute unilateral
      manipulation of central dopamine have been used to assess this neurotransmitter's
      contribution to motor control. Although providing extensive evidence for the
      involvement of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine in motor activity, this
      approach has not been used to study the mesocortical system. We now report
      circling behaviour following acute manipulation of frontal cortical dopamine.
      Unilateral microinjections of the agonists, (+)-amphetamine (12 and 25 micrograms
      in 1.0 microliter) and LY 141865 (12 micrograms in 1.0 microliter) resulted in
      contraversive circling. Conversely, unilateral intrafrontocortical
      microinjections of the antagonist, metoclopramide (25 and 100 micrograms in 1.0
      microliter) resulted in ipsiversive circling in amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.)
      pretreated rats. Lower central doses of each drug and vehicle injections had no
      significant effect. These results provide evidence for an excitatory influence of
      mesocortical dopamine on motor control. This finding may implicate frontal
      cortical dopamine in the extrapyramidal motoric side effects of chronic
      neuroleptic treatment which previously have been attributed to dopamine function
      in subcortical areas.

PMID- 4041224
TI  - Red nucleus lesions impair acquisition of the classically conditioned nictitating
      membrane response but not eye-to-eye savings or unconditioned response amplitude.
AB  - Following a single electrocoagulating RF lesion aimed at left red nucleus,
      rabbits received classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane (NM)
      response. A tone was the conditioned stimulus (CS) and electrostimulation of the
      eye was the unconditioned stimulus (US). The US was applied to the right eye
      during the initial phase of training. It was then switched to the left eye to
      assess transfer of learning and ultimately switched back to the right eye. NM
      responses were recorded simultaneously from both eyes during each phase of
      training. Consistent with reports implicating a cerebellar-rubro circuit in this
      behavior, RN lesions disrupted acquisition of CRs in the eye contralateral to the
      lesion. Animals with disrupted NM CRs of the right eye resembled controls in
      showing transfer of conditioning to the left eye. CR-disrupting lesions did not
      affect UR amplitude.

PMID- 4041225
TI  - Spatial learning and memory, maze running strategies and cholinergic mechanisms
      in two inbred strains of mice.
AB  - The acquisition process of the radial maze task was studied in two inbred strains
      of mice, C57BL/6 and DBA/2. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of
      performance was performed and the pretest level of activity was measured. The
      results showed a significant correlation between activity and performance since
      the highly active C57BL/6 mice exhibited better performance of the radial maze
      task than the less active DBA/2 mice. Moreover, for correct trials, strain
      dependent maze-running strategies were observed: while both strains displayed
      about the same percentage of clockwise and spatial strategies, it was observed
      that among the spatial strategies C57BL/6 used a larger number of different
      correct solutions. Subsequently, the effect of scopolamine administration on
      working memory processes was assessed in sequential and discrete trials. A
      different reactivity of each strain to anti-cholinergic treatment was found in
      discrete trials since only DBA/2 mice were impaired. The effect of scopolamine is
      discussed in relation to the different models of information processing involved
      in learning and memorizing the experimental rule.

PMID- 4041226
TI  - Influence of stress on morphine-induced hyperthermia: relevance to drug
      conditioning and tolerance development.
AB  - Controversy exists regarding (a) whether rats become tolerant, or sensitized, to
      morphine-induced hyperthermia and (b) the directionality of the conditioned
      pyretic effects of morphine. In these studies, stress produced by temperature
      assessment procedures affected rats' pyretic response to morphine. Under
      conditions of high stress, rats first showed diminished, and then enhanced,
      hyperthermic responding across repeated morphine dosing (5 or 35 mg/kg). The
      diminished hyperthermia can be attributed to habituation to high levels of
      assessment stress. Repeated morphine doses delivered under conditions of low
      stress produced only enhanced hyperthermic responding, which indicates that rats
      become sensitized to morphine's hyperthermic effects. There was little evidence
      that morphine supported conditioning of pyretic responses. Finally, the
      temperature-assessment stress that produced hyperthermia was mediated by opiate
      peptides, was blocked by naloxone, and enhanced the agonist effects of morphine.
      The relevance of these findings to theories of drug conditioning and tolerance is
      discussed.

PMID- 4041227
TI  - Effects of paced coital stimulation on estrus duration in intact cycling rats and
      ovariectomized and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized hormone-primed rats.
AB  - Feminine sexual behavior was examined in intact cycling rats and ovariectomized
      and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized hormone-primed rats with the use of a
      partitioned test cage in which the female controlled the timing of sexual
      contacts with males. Females received 9 or 10 intromissions in the partitioned
      test cage (paced) or with the partition removed (nonpaced) or received solitary
      exposure to the test cage or to mounts without intromission with the use of
      vaginal masks. Intact cycling (Experiment 1) and gonadectomized hormone-primed
      (Experiment 2) rats displayed similar patterns of contact with males: Exists from
      and latencies to return to the male compartment increased as the intensity of the
      antecedent coital stimulation increased (ejaculations greater than intromissions
      greater than mounts). Cycling females given experience with paced or nonpaced
      mating on the evening of proestrus did not exhibit differences in pacing behavior
      on a second test 17-24 days later. Those receiving paced coital stimulation
      showed a shorter duration of estrus than did those receiving nonpaced
      stimulation. Ovariectomized and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized paced rats given
      three successive doses of estradiol benzoate in combination with progesterone did
      not show shorter periods of estrus than nonpaced or mounts-only rats. These
      results suggest that ovarian output in response to paced cervical-vaginal
      stimulation may contribute to the termination of estrus in the rat.

PMID- 4041228
TI  - Ingestive responses to homeostatic challenges in rats with ablations of the
      anterolateral neocortex.
AB  - Because rats with either anterolateral neocortical or lateral hypothalamic (LH)
      damage initially display similar feeding and drinking deficits and recovery
      patterns, the possibility that anterolateral neocortical ablations would also
      produce similar chronic ingestive impairments to glucoprivic and hydrational
      challenges was examined. In general, rats with anterolateral neocortical
      ablations exhibited normal feeding responses to food deprivation and
      glucoprivation induced by insulin or moderate doses of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG),
      but their response to a high dose (500 mg/kg) of 2-DG was impaired. These animals
      also drank normally in response to hypertonic saline injections and following
      water deprivation, but only if food was available during the test session,
      results indicating that they drank prandially. Results indicate that although the
      anterolateral neocortex and LH are anatomically related, these brain regions
      appear to be functionally dissimilar in terms of the regulation of ingestion.

PMID- 4041229
TI  - Amphetamine tolerance and body weight set point: a dose-response analysis.
AB  - The theory that amphetamine anorexia and tolerance reflect the lowering of a set
      point for body weight regulation was evaluated. In the first experiment, rats
      given either 2 or 4 mg/kg d-amphetamine and access to milk ultimately achieved
      comparable levels of tolerance and maintained their weight at 94%-96% of control
      levels. Thus, the level of maintained body weight was not dose-dependent. In the
      second experiment, increasing the doses resulted in renewed anorexia and weight
      loss, and the appearance of behavioral stereotypies. Whereas mean intake then
      recovered, body weight remained at 79%-82% of control levels. However, milk
      intake for individual rats was extremely variable. Such variability is
      inconsistent with the notion that body weight was actively regulated by caloric
      intake. Drug withdrawal had little further effect on intake, and it led to weight
      "rebound" in only one group. When subsequently retested with the original doses,
      both groups were again anorexic and showed more intense stereotypy. This finding
      suggests that drug withdrawal caused a general increase in sensitivity to
      amphetamine, rather than a set-point-related change in feeding. Taken together,
      the data do not support the set point theory of amphetamine tolerance.

PMID- 4041230
TI  - Medial temporal lesions in monkeys impair memory on a variety of tasks sensitive
      to human amnesia.
AB  - Monkeys with conjoint bilateral lesions of the hippocampus and amygdala were
      impaired on four different tests of memory (delayed retention of object
      discriminations, concurrent discrimination, delayed response, and delayed
      nonmatching to sample). Because tests involving delays and distractions are known
      to be especially sensitive to human amnesia, in three of the tasks relatively
      long delay intervals between training and test trials were used, and in two tasks
      distraction was introduced during the delay intervals. The severity of the
      impairment increased with the length of the delay, and distraction markedly
      increased the memory impairment. For one task given on two occasions (delayed
      nonmatching to sample), the severity of the impairment was unchanged over a
      period of 1.5 years. Taken together with previous findings that skill learning is
      unimpaired in the same operated monkeys, the results of the present study
      strengthen the conclusion that monkeys with medial temporal lesions constitute an
      animal model of human amnesia. In addition, the four tasks used here appear to
      constitute a sensitive and appropriate battery that could be used in other
      studies of the neuroanatomy of memory functions in the monkey.

PMID- 4041231
TI  - Memory of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with lesions in prefrontal cortex.
AB  - It is controversial whether damage to prefrontal cortex causes an impairment of
      memory. In this experiment, the tissue in sulcus principalis was removed in
      rhesus monkeys, and they were given 25 spatial locations to remember. They were
      poor at the task from the first. The same animals were able to indicate which of
      two locations they had touched if there was no delay before they were allowed to
      make their report. One possibility is that frontal mechanisms operate on
      information in working memory.

PMID- 4041232
TI  - Hippocampectomy disrupts the topography of conditioned nictitating membrane
      responses during reversal learning.
AB  - The effects of bilateral hippocampectomy on the topography, or shape, of
      conditioned nictitating membrane (NM) responses were examined during four
      learning tasks: one-tone delay conditioning, unpaired extinction, two-tone
      discrimination, and reversal of two-tone discrimination. Results showed that
      hippocampal ablation altered conditioned NM response topography only during
      reversal learning and not during the other training paradigms. In addition, the
      shapes of learning curves for hippocampectomized animals were different from
      those of control animals during reversal conditioning but not during the other
      paradigms. The implications of these findings with respect to unit-recording
      studies of hippocampal cellular activity during classical conditioning of the NM
      response are discussed.

PMID- 4041233
TI  - Sparing of patterned alternation but not partial reinforcement effect after
      infant and adult hippocampal lesions in the rat.
AB  - The effect of hippocampal lesions was assessed in patterned (single) alternation
      (PA) and the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE), the two reward
      schedule effects that appear earliest in ontogeny. Three groups of rat pups, with
      appropriate controls, were tested for each effect: lesion as infant/test as
      infant, lesion as infant/test as adult, and lesion as adult/test as adult.
      Hippocampal lesions had no effect on PA in any of the three conditions except for
      a suggestion that the effect was mildly attenuated in the animals given lesions
      as infants and tested as adults: The pups were able to discriminate rewarded from
      nonrewarded trials and to inhibit responding on nonrewarded trials. On the other
      hand, the PREE was eliminated under all conditions of testing, in each case
      because of an increase in persistence following continuously reinforced
      acquisition. The results are discussed in terms of the functional maturation of
      the hippocampus and a possible dissociation of mechanisms that mediate response
      suppression in PA and in the PREE in infant rats.

PMID- 4041234
TI  - Proactive behavioral effects of theta-driving septal stimulation on conditioned
      suppression and punishment in the rat.
AB  - In two experiments, a treatment phase of septal stimulation preceded the
      acquisition of free operant lever pressing on a random-interval 64-s
      reinforcement schedule. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, chronically implanted with a
      bilateral septal stimulating electrode and a unilateral bipolar hippocampal
      recording electrode, received (a) low-frequency (7.7-Hz) stimulation, which drove
      the hippocampal theta rhythm, or (b) random-pulse stimulation (average frequency
      = 7.7 Hz), which produced only nonregular waveforms in the hippocampus. Control
      animals were implanted but not stimulated. After 12 days of lever-press
      acquisition, animals were presented while lever pressing with an auditory signal
      associated with a particular schedule of shock delivery: In Experiment 1, shocks
      occurred despite the subject's response strategy; in Experiment 2, shocks were
      delivered only if the rat pressed the lever. In both experiments, lever pressing
      was suppressed by the auditory stimulus. Theta-driving but not random-pulse
      septal stimulation proactively increased behavioral tolerance to the effects of
      electric shock. These results reinforce the idea that proactive behavioral
      effects of septal stimulation are a consequence of the production of the
      hippocampal theta rhythm.

PMID- 4041235
TI  - Intraseptal scopolamine has differential effects on Pavlovian eye blink and heart
      rate conditioning.
AB  - The effects of intraseptal scopolamine hydrobromide injections on Pavlovian
      (classical) conditioning were evaluated, with tones used as the conditioned
      stimulus (CS) and a periorbital electric shock train as the unconditioned
      stimulus (UCS). Eye blink (EB) and heart rate (HR) conditioned responses were
      concomitantly recorded. Although injections of scopolamine into the medial septum
      impaired the acquisition of the Pavlovian conditioned eyelid reflex, these
      injections enhanced the magnitude of accompanying Pavlovian conditioned HR
      decelerations. However, scopolamine applied to the lateral septal area had no
      effect on EB conditioning, relative to the vehicle, but, like medial injections,
      enhanced the magnitude of the accompanying HR decelerations. These results are
      compatible with those of previous investigations: Medial septal dysfunction
      impairs somatomotor conditioning but leaves autonomic conditioning intact, and
      septal dysfunction produces a parasympathetic bias of the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 4041236
TI  - Age-related disruption of trace but not delay classical conditioning of the
      rabbit's nictitating membrane response.
AB  - Young (6 months of age) and old (36-60 months) New Zealand albino rabbits
      underwent classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response in either a
      delay conditioning (Experiment 1) or a trace conditioning (Experiment 2)
      paradigm. There was no difference between old and young animals in acquisition of
      the conditioned response in the delay paradigm, nor were there any age-related
      differences in generalization to the tone conditioned stimulus (CS) or in
      sensitivity to the tone CS or eye shock unconditioned stimulus. In the trace
      conditioning paradigm, however, old animals acquired the conditioned response
      significantly more slowly than young rabbits. Because the same stimulus
      parameters and the same response were used in both experiments, it is unlikely
      that age-related differences in trace conditioning were due to stimulus
      sensitivity, motivation, or fatigue. The results are discussed in terms of how
      brain changes that accompany aging could differentially affect these two types of
      classical conditioning.

PMID- 4041237
TI  - Amino-acid sequence of human and bovine brain myelin proteolipid protein
      (lipophilin) is completely conserved.
AB  - Proteolipid protein (PLP) was isolated from white matter of human brain by
      chloroform/methanol extraction and further purified by chromatography. Performic
      acid oxidation yielded a product homogeneous in NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide
      electrophoresis with a molecular mass of 30 kDa. The carboxymethylated PLP was
      chemically cleaved with cyanogen bromide into four fragments: CNBr I 22-24 kDa,
      CNBr II 5 kDa, CNBr III 1.4 kDa and CNBr IV 0.7 kDa. HBr/dimethylsulfoxide
      cleavage at tryptophan residues released four fragments: Trp I 14-16 kDa, Trp II
      2.0 kDa, Trp III 5 kDa and Trp IV 7 kDa. Hydrophilic fragments were enriched in
      50% formic acid (CNBr II, III, IV and Trp II and III), whereas hydrophobic
      peptides precipitated from this solvent were CNBr I, Trp I and IV. The fragments
      were separated by gel filtration with 90% formic acid as solvent and finally
      purified by gel permeation HPLC (Si 60 and Si 100) for automated liquid and solid
      phase Edman degradation. Large fragments were further cleaved with different
      proteinases (trypsin, V8-proteinase, endoproteinase Lys-C and thermolysin). We
      used an improved strategy in the sequencing of the human proteolipid protein
      compared with our approach to the structural elucidation of bovine brain PLP. The
      amino-acid sequence of human PLP contains 276 residues, the same as found in
      bovine proteolipid protein. The two sequences proved to be identical. The
      possible importance of the conservative structure of this integral membrane
      protein is discussed.

PMID- 4041238
TI  - Purification and some properties of two isofunctional juglone hydroxylases from
      Pseudomonas putida J1.
AB  - Juglone-induced cells of Pseudomonas putida J 1 were shown to contain two
      isofunctional juglone hydroxylases. Both enzymes were purified about 125-fold to
      homogeneity in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular masses of the
      native enzymes, as determined by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration were 59 000 Da
      for enzyme 1 and 56 000 Da for enzyme 2. The molecular masses of the subunits
      were determined by dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as 25 000
      Da (enzyme 1) and 23 500 Da (enzyme 2). Both enzymes hydroxylated juglone,
      naphthazarin, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, but they were
      completely inactive against naphtholes. The activity of both hydroxylases was not
      affected by chelating agents, thiol reagents, however, were found to be strong
      inhibitors. No external cofactors such as Fe2, NADH, NADPH, FAD, FMN were
      required for activity. Concomitant with the hydroxylation of juglone the
      consumption of oxygen in a molar ratio 2: 1 (juglone: oxygen) was observed but
      none of the enzymes incorporated 18O2 into the substrate juglone. By activity
      staining enzyme 1 was found to be present in induced and non-induced cells of P.
      putida J 1, enzyme 2, however, only in juglone-induced cells.

PMID- 4041239
TI  - Properties and biochemical characterization of NADH 5 alpha-reductase from rat
      liver microsomes.
AB  - NADH 5 alpha-reductase is present in microsomes of various rat organs: heart and
      skeletal muscle, liver, adrenal glands, kidney, testes and prostate. The enzyme
      from rat liver microsomes utilizes B-hydrogen from the coenzyme NADH for steroid
      reduction. After solubilization of the enzyme with the nonionic detergent lubrol,
      phosphatidylcholine is necessary to restore the activity. This reactivation of
      the enzyme activity is paralleled by a corresponding increase of Vmax for
      testosterone (17 beta-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one). Km and Vmax for testosterone
      change, Km and Vmax for the coenzyme NADH remain constant with an alteration of
      phosphate concentration in the incubation medium. The NADH 5 alpha-reductase is
      inhibited by numerous substances: amytal, phenobarbital, mepacrin,
      thenoyltrifluoracetone, gallic acid propyl ester, dicoumarol, pentachlorophenol,
      NADP and antibodies against rat liver NADPH ferrihemoprotein reductase.
      Antibodies against rat liver cytochrome-b5 reductase cause an activation of NADH
      5 alpha-reductase.

PMID- 4041240
TI  - Stability and self-assembly of the S-layer protein of the cell wall of Bacillus
      stearothermophilus.
AB  - The surface layer of the cell envelope of Bacillus stearothermophilus consists of
      a regular array of protein subunits. As shown by dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide
      gel-electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation, the fully solubilized S-layer
      protein represents a homogeneous entity with a subunit molecular mass of 115 +/-
      5 kDa. Solubilization of the protein may be accomplished at acid pH, or using
      high concentrations of urea or guanidine X HCl. It is accompanied by (partial)
      denaturation, thus interfering with the characterization of the protein in its
      unperturbed native state. Removal of the solubilizing agent by dialysis or
      dilution allows the S-layer to be reassembled into two-dimensional crystalline
      lattices identical to those observed in intact cells. To determine the kinetics
      of association, optimum conditions are found to be rapid mixing with 0.1 M sodium
      phosphate pH 7.0, 20 degrees C, final protein concentration greater than 10
      micrograms/ml. If the time course of the self-assembly is monitored by light
      scattering, as well as by chemical cross-linking with glutardialdehyde,
      multiphasic kinetics with a rapid initial phase and slow consecutive processes of
      higher than second-order are observed. The rapid phase may be attributed to the
      formation of oligomeric precursors (Mr greater than 10(6) ). Concentration
      dependent light scattering measurements give evidence for a "critical
      concentration" of association, suggesting that patches of 12-16 protein subunits
      fuse and recrystallize into the final (native) S-layer structure.
      Recrystallization tends to be complete.

PMID- 4041241
TI  - Mole rat hemoglobin: primary structure and evolutionary aspects in a second
      karyotype of Spalax ehrenbergi, Rodentia, (2n = 52).
AB  - The hemoglobins of the four karyotypes of Spalax ehrenbergi (2n = 52, 54, 58, 60)
      did not show any differences in their electrophoretic pattern and in high
      performance liquid chromatography. The complete amino-acid sequence of mole rat
      hemoglobin (Spalax ehrenbergi), chromosome species 2n = 52, is presented. It was
      elucidated by automatic Edman degradation of the chains, the tryptic peptides,
      and the C-terminal peptide obtained by acid hydrolysis of the Asp-Pro bond in
      beta-chains. The alpha- and beta-chains are identical with those of the
      chromosome species 2n = 60. A comparison of the hemoglobins of mole rat, mouse,
      and other rodents shows homology but no indication of adaptation to subterranean
      life. In all probability alpha 11(A9)Arg and alpha 120(H3)Gly, unique in mole rat
      among all mammalian hemoglobins, are not involved in high oxygen affinity. The
      construction of a phylogenetic tree by the maximum parsimony method, based on
      hemoglobin sequences, made it possible to show that Rodentia originated as a
      monophyletic clade, and to find the phylogenetic relationship of Spalacidae to
      other Rodentia (Mus, Rattus, Ondatra, Mesocricetus, Citellus, and Cavia). Among
      all rodents the slowest rate of nucleotide replacements occurred in the lineage
      to Spalax (20%) and the fastest in the lineage to Cavia (59%).

PMID- 4041242
TI  - Insulin receptor protein rendered visible in triton X-114 membranes.
AB  - Insulin receptor protein has been visualized by electron microscopy. This was
      rendered possible after the molecules had been extensively purified and had been
      reinserted into Triton X-114 membranes in a situation similar to that found in
      biological membranes. Freeze fracturing then revealed the insulin receptor
      molecules as particles randomly distributed in the fracture plane of the
      artificial membranes. The sizes of the particles are in the range expected from
      biochemical data.

PMID- 4041243
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of third
      generation tests by the detection of hepatitis B virus markers in the serum. I.
      HBsAg].
AB  - The authors have evaluated comparatively the diagnostic reliability of the most
      recent RIA and ELISA mono-polyclonal techniques for the determination of HBsAg in
      serum by means of in vivo and in vitro tests. Statistically, no difference has
      been found as regards the various methods.

PMID- 4041244
TI  - In vitro cellular immune response in mice and rabbits immunized with Trichinella
      spiralis antigen.
AB  - The possibility of using cell mediated immune response as a diagnostic tool has
      been investigated with T. spiralis laboratory/model. The feasibility of a in
      vitro microculture method to measure blast cell activity of lymphoblasts in mice
      experimentally infected with T. spiralis muscle larvae or immunized with soluble
      crude antigen and the lymphoproliferative response in immunized rabbits was
      demonstrated. The obtained results suggest that the cell mediated immune response
      from blood lymphocytes may be very useful to diagnose early parasite infections.

PMID- 4041245
TI  - [Description of a case of type E botulism in Italy].
AB  - The authors report the first documented italian case of type E botulism. The
      initial symptoms were typical permitting prompt diagnosis; the symptoms became
      severe and the patient had to be moved to intensive care. Biological tests on
      guinea-pigs showed the presence of type E botulin toxin in the tuna (stored in
      oil) which the patient had eaten 24 hours prior to admission. This tuna had been
      caught near the mediterranean coast of Spain several months earlier and canned at
      home. The authors emphasize that, even though this fish was imported, there is a
      danger that this intoxication could, in the future, be more widely observed.

PMID- 4041246
TI  - [Treatment of vaginal candidiasis with a new imidazole derivative, oxiconazole].

PMID- 4041247
TI  - [Characterization of plant extracts of pharmaceutical importance].

PMID- 4041248
TI  - Microbiological assay methods of some cephalosporins.

PMID- 4041249
TI  - [HPLC method for the determination of plasma and tissue levels of denzimol
      hydrochloride].

PMID- 4041250
TI  - [Ubidecarenone (coenzyme Q10) in the therapy of chronic cor pulmonale].

PMID- 4041251
TI  - [Comparison of the relative bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 in two tablet
      preparations. The use of coenzyme Q10 in geriatric gynecologic surgery].

PMID- 4041252
TI  - [Chromosome mapping by in situ hybridization of cloned human DNA sequences].

PMID- 4041253
TI  - [Ultrastructural aspects of gonadotrophic cells of the rat after stimulation with
      acupuncture].

PMID- 4041254
TI  - Fluorescent protein bodies in Cercis siliquastrum L. endosperm.

PMID- 4041256
TI  - [Radiometric analysis of digitalis receptors in intact human red cells].

PMID- 4041255
TI  - [Plasma variations in prolactin half-way through treatment with H2-antagonists].

PMID- 4041257
TI  - [Changes induced by sulfhydryl reagents in the membrane potential of rat liver
      mitochondria].

PMID- 4041258
TI  - Short term stimulation of lipogenesis by triiodothyronine in rat hepatocyte
      cultures.

PMID- 4041259
TI  - [Reactivity to somatic stimuli of callosal single fibers in the awake cat].

PMID- 4041260
TI  - [Analysis of conduction in somatosensory pathways in man].

PMID- 4041261
TI  - A model of writing performance: evidence from a dysgraphic patient with an
      "allographic" writing disorder.

PMID- 4041262
TI  - A model of spelling production: evidence from phonological dysgraphia in Italian.

PMID- 4041263
TI  - A model of oral reading: evidence from an Italian acquired phonological dyslexic
      patient.

PMID- 4041264
TI  - Effect of dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on brain fatty acid composition in sea
      bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.).

PMID- 4041265
TI  - Dietary oils and oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 4041266
TI  - Chemical carcinogenesis. III. Ring-cleaved derivatives of 1,7-diethylguanosine in
      tRNA ethylated in vivo and in vitro with ethylnitrosourea.

PMID- 4041267
TI  - Functional properties of the unstable Hb-Torino: alpha 43 (CD-1) Phe-Val.

PMID- 4041268
TI  - Age and/or sex differences of blood glucose and urea in school children.

PMID- 4041269
TI  - Etiopathogenic theory of ileocecocolic intussusception.
AB  - Right hemicolectomy was done in a three and a half month old infant presenting
      irreductible acute intestinal intussusception. Analysis of the anatomical
      specimen allowed confirmation of the authors' histological theory on the genesis
      of infantile intussusception. Histological study demonstrated the key elements of
      this theory: thickness of the cecal musculosa clearly less than that of the right
      colon, thereby accounting for the lesser resistance of the former; contribution
      to the outer longitudinal muscle fibers of the ileum and colon to the
      constitution of the ileocecal valve commissures. These longitudinal muscle fibers
      did not span across the base of the ileocecal valve.

PMID- 4041270
TI  - Tubular colonic duplications. A case report and literature review.
AB  - Tubular colonic duplication is a rare abnormality. The authors report here on a
      patient with rather nonspecific symptoms, whose abnormality was only discovered
      at operation. The good results obtained by a simple operative treatment of such
      forms contrast with the difficulties arising in clinical and radiological
      diagnosis. The characteristics of tubular colonic duplication are pointed out,
      which set it apart from all other types of duplication.

PMID- 4041271
TI  - A gliding space between the femoral artery and inguinal ligament: mechanism of
      formation of false aneurysm.
AB  - False aneurysms preferentially arise in the inguinal region subsequent to aorto
      femoral bypass. This finding suggests that the position of the inguinal ligament
      against the anterior surface of the prosthesis may be an etiological factor.
      Description of the inguinal region, forming a borderline between the trunk and
      thigh and specific to the erect posture, has been the subject of many anatomical
      studies. These papers describe mainly the relations between the vascular sheath
      of the femoral artery, the fascia transversalis and inguinal ligament. Based on a
      series of anatomical dissections we have found a gliding space between the
      femoral artery and inguinal ligament. This finding has led us to propose section
      of the fibrous portion of the inguinal ligament and the insertion of free omentum
      between the arch of the ligament and prosthesis in order to prevent false
      aneurysm. Preliminary results obtained with this technique are satisfactory.

PMID- 4041272
TI  - Rotation and forward displacement of the right kidney in hepatomegaly.
AB  - In a dissecting room cadaver, with an enormously enlarged liver, the right kidney
      was found rotated and displaced forward and downward. The anterior (inferior)
      pole of this kidney appeared bulging under the inferior border of the liver,
      reaching the anterior abdominal wall. An explanation for the changes which
      occurred during the development of the hepatomegaly and resulted in the
      displacement of the kidney are analyzed. The practical clinical implications that
      such a variation may have, either diagnostic or surgical, are stressed. The
      findings in the left kidney or an aberrant inferior polar artery, arching around
      and compressing the renal vein, are also described and analyzed.

PMID- 4041273
TI  - A new ligament: the "gastro-pancreatic".
AB  - The authors wish to draw attention to the gastro-pancreatic ligament
      (gastropancreaticus), no description of which is to be found in the usual anatomy
      text-books or in literature. The presence of this anatomic element can suggest
      new interpretations of the embryological development of the pancreas.

PMID- 4041275
TI  - Clinical anatomy in France is twenty years late: a chance to be seized.

PMID- 4041274
TI  - Anatomy in Britain 1985.

PMID- 4041276
TI  - Anatomical study of digital compression of the vertebral artery at its origin and
      at the suboccipital triangle.
AB  - Manual compression of the vertebral artery is used in routine clinical practice
      for diagnosis of positional hemodynamic vertebro-basilar insufficiency (VBI). The
      supraclavicular and suboccipital areas were carefully dissected in 20 cadavers.
      Anatomical variations observed on dissection were compared to angiographic data
      from 150 patients and data from the literature. Objective results of manual
      compression of the vertebral artery can be obtained by sonography. In patients
      with VBI, such compression induces signs of reversible cerebellar or brain stem
      ischemia, whereas no signs are observed in patients without VBI.

PMID- 4041277
TI  - Lymphaticovenous communications. Role of the lymph nodes.
AB  - There is a physiological necessity for the existence of lymphaticovenous
      communications in points other than the terminal entry of the lymphatic trunks
      into the superior caval system. These communications are frequently seen, as well
      in clinical practice as in experimentation, when there is an obstacle to the
      downstream lymphatic flow, but their exact nature cannot be determined. We have
      been able to demonstrate on the rat that such communications are established
      within the lymph nodes. We shall discuss the physiological importance of our
      findings together with a review of the literature and consider their clinical and
      therapeutic consequences.

PMID- 4041278
TI  - Radiological anatomy of the bile ducts based on intraoperative investigation in
      250 cases.
AB  - Intraoperative cholangiograms were studied in 250 patients. Analysis of the data
      obtained led to the establishment of a protocol for intraoperative
      cholangiography aimed at identification of anatomical anomalies and variations.
      Diagnosis of the latter must be achieved in order to avoid possible
      intraoperative complications. The common hepatic duct was formed by the junction
      of the right and left hepatic ducts in 52% of the cases studied. Absence of
      convergence of the posterior and anterior rami of the right hepatic duct was
      found in 30% of cases. Anatomical variations of the right sectorial duct system
      were seen in 12% of cases. Conversely, variations of the left sectorial duct
      system were rarely seen (2% of cases). Careful examination of the intraoperative
      cholangiograms led us to suspect certain anatomical variations in close to 1% of
      cases. These variations included abnormal hepatocystic duct, which if undiagnosed
      could lead to choleperitoneum or inadvertent ligation of the right hepatic duct.
      An abnormal hepatocystic duct terminating on the gall bladder was found in one
      patient. Study of the origin of the common bile duct allowed us to define the
      mode of termination of the cystic duct (on the right margin of the common hepatic
      duct in 80% of cases) and to identify a short choledochus in 2% of cases.
      Finally, variations of the duodenal termination of the common bile duct were
      studied and reflux into the pancreatic duct was seen in 27% of cases. However,
      the pathological significance of such reflux was rarely found.

PMID- 4041279
TI  - Experience based on 800,000 newborn screening tests of the Budapest
      Phenylketonuria Centre.
AB  - 800 000 newborns were screened for hyperphenylalaninaemia by the Guthrie-test in
      the Budapest PKU Centre in the 10 and a half years since 1 May, 1973. The blood
      samples were taken from mature newborns on the fifth and from premature babies on
      the fourteenth day of life. All infants exhibiting a level equal to or exceeding
      12 mg/dl were telegraphically invited to the Centre and those having a level of
      15 mg/dl or higher were put on an appropriate diet. The patients were classified
      according to the result of the phenylalanine tolerance 73 were found to have
      classical phenylketonuria and 15 had atypical phenylketonuria. The total
      incidence of phenylketonuria was thus 1: 9091. The mean age at introduction of
      diet was 30 +/- 15 days during the first period, while 21 +/- 11 days during the
      second period. Infants having an initial value of 4-12 mg/dl were kept under
      continuous control; among them 69 were found to have benign
      hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA). The PKU/HPA ratio amounted to 1.28. Both screening
      and care were carried out by the Centre, and the practice of care is described in
      detail. A preliminary evaluation of the therapeutical results with a view of the
      patients' social class is offered. Phenylalanine levels during the diet were
      greatly influenced by the familial background and the sociocultural environment.

PMID- 4041280
TI  - Bronchial hyperreactivity after infantile obstructive bronchitis.
AB  - A follow-up study was performed on 406 patients treated for infantile obstructive
      bronchitis during the period between 1964 and 1973. Their mean age was 12.6 years
      at the time of the study. The male: female ratio was 1.7. Forty-three patients
      (11%) became asthmatic within 10 years after onset of the wheezy episode of
      infancy. In one-third of the 363 non-asthmatic children, bronchial
      hyperreactivity was shown by acetylcholine and histamine provocation. There was a
      significant correlation between the number of recurrent obstructive episodes and
      the length of the period of recurrent wheezing on the one hand and bronchial
      hyperreactivity on the other hand.

PMID- 4041281
TI  - Chromatographic screening of 70,328 neonates for inborn errors of amino acid
      metabolism.
AB  - Between the years 1974 and 1984, amino acid chromatography was performed from
      dried blood spots and partly from urine of 70 328 neonates. Six cases of
      phenylketonuria, one histidinaemia, one hyperglycinaemia and three cystinurias
      were found. Since all these could have been detected by other methods, the
      regional screening was discontinued in agreement with international
      recommendations.

PMID- 4041282
TI  - Coincidence of paternal 13pYq translocation and maternal increased 13p NOR
      activity in a child with arthrogryposis and other malformations.
AB  - Cytogenetic examination of a boy with congenital multiple arthrogryposis, VSD and
      dysmorphic facies revealed a probable t(Y; 13)(q?; p1) translocation and three
      NOR-positive dots on one of the chromosomes 13. The latter variant could be
      followed in the family of the mother, the 13/Y translocation was found in the
      relatives of the father. Since all the family members affected by one or the
      other cytogenetic anomaly were healthy, the abnormal phenotype of the propositus
      was interpreted as coincidence by chance.

PMID- 4041283
TI  - Ring chromosome 4: Wolf syndrome and unspecific developmental anomalies.
AB  - A new case of ring chromosome 4 in a 18-month-old girl is described. The patient
      presented extreme growth failure, psychomotor retardation, and some features of
      4p deletion or Wolf syndrome. No significant loss of genetic material could be
      seen by G-banding technique (breakpoints p16q35). The ring was found to be
      unstable both in lymphocyte and fibroblast culture and a substantial proportion
      of aneuploid cells containing derivatives of the ring could be observed. An
      increased cell death-rate could be detected by cell viability determination with
      trypan blue in the first subculture of skin fibroblasts. It is suggested that
      this finding is a consequence of behavioural instability of the ring at mitosis
      existing probably in vivo as well. The clinical and cytogenetic findings in this
      patient were compared with those in the other 16 cases with ring 4 published so
      far. It is suggested that the phenotype in patients with this chromosomal anomaly
      is a mixture of phenotypic abnormalities generated by both the chromosomal
      deletion prior to ring formation (features of Wolf syndrome) and the behavioural
      instability of the ring at mitosis (unspecific developmental anomalies).

PMID- 4041284
TI  - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in twins.
AB  - Development of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis after measles has been
      observed in twins although the disease seems to be quite exceptional in members
      of the same family, and no report has been found on its occurrence in twins.

PMID- 4041285
TI  - [Long-term follow-up study of selective VIM-thalamotomy].
AB  - To evaluate the effect of the physiologically defined selective Vim-thalamotomy
      on tremor type Parkinson's disease (PA, 26 cases) and essential tremor (ESS-T, 16
      cases), a long-term follow-up study was conducted. The follow-up time extended
      from 4 months to 7 years (mean: 3.6 years). On 42 cases a total of 49 operations
      (4 bilateral surgery and 3 reoperations) were carried out. After identifying
      kinesthetic neuron, the coagulative lesion was made by using Leksell's apparatus
      between two needles of 4 mm effective tip length located with 3 mm interval
      including the recording point. One coagulation (unit lesion) destroyed about 20
      mm3 brain tissue taking account of the mechanical damage by the needles
      themselves. The unit lesion was added around an imaginary cylinder of 3 mm
      radius, until the tremor was abolished completely. On the basis of number of unit
      lesion and its extent within an imaginary cylinder, these 49 operations were
      divided into the following group. Group I (minimal lesion group): coagulative
      lesion of 1 to 3 units within a quadrant of the imaginary cylinder. Group II: 3
      to 5 units within 1/2 to one cylinder. The early (14 days after operation) and
      the late results on the tremor were evaluated clinically and
      electromyographically by 4 different categories: complete abolition, slight
      residual, residual, and recurrence in a strict sense. The late results in 13 PA
      cases of group I (similar to the early results) were: 10 complete abolition, 2
      slight residual and one recurred, this case was reoperated 3 months after first
      operation and therefore categolized in group II. The late results in 11 ESS-T
      cases of group I were: 6 complete arrest, 4 slight residual, and one recurred
      case, which had been reoperated 2 years after operation. Therefore in a total of
      24 minimal lesioned cases with PA and ESS-T complete abolition in 16, slight
      residual in 6, and 2 reoperated cases. In these successful 22 cases with minimal
      lesion, the tremor was abolished without noticeable long-lasting side effect. In
      other 20 cases with PA and ESS-T of group II, the tremor was almost completely
      relieved and maintained. In conclusion, by radiographically and physiologically
      controlled selective Vim thalamotomy for Parkinsonian and essential tremor, it
      was shown that the effect of minimal lesion was valid and well maintained on the
      long-term follow-up base.

PMID- 4041286
TI  - [Study of adult cases of moyamoya disease].
AB  - Fifty-one adult patients with moyamoya disease were studied. Among these,
      thirteen cases, which had the history of cerebral ischemic attack during
      childhood, are classified as the cases of juvenile onset. The other thirty-eight
      cases were classified as those of adult onset. In most of the cases of juvenile
      onset, occlusive lesions also affected cortical arteries. For these cases, it is
      important to perform STA-MCA double anastomoses and encephalo-myo-synangiosis.
      Those of adult onset resembled the pathophysiology of internal carotid artery
      occlusion, or that of middle cerebral artery occlusion, since few cortical artery
      occlusion was noted, and leptomeningeal anastomosis was well developed. STA-MCA
      anastomosis was considered to be the treatment of choice in those of adult onset.

PMID- 4041287
TI  - [Effect of intravenous administration of diltiazem on cerebral blood flow and
      brain function].
AB  - The effect of intravenous administration of diltiazem on cerebral circulation and
      brain function were studied in animals. Diltiazem, at a dose of 150 micrograms/kg
      BW, was administered intravenously over a period of 5 minutes beginning 30
      minutes after ligation of the right brachiocephalic artery in 9 cats in order to
      investigate its effects in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia. In 5 animals,
      mean arterial blood pressure was recorded and blood flow in the basilar artery
      was measured transdurally by use of an ultrasonic Doppler flow-meter. Mean
      arterial blood pressure began to elevate immediately after ligation of the right
      brachiocephalic artery, but the degree of elevation was minimal. It began to fall
      during diltiazem injection and returned to the preadministration value 30 minutes
      after injection. Basilar artery flow decreased slightly during injection of
      diltiazem, but began to increase after completion of injection. The increase
      relative to the preadministration value was 62 +/- 31% 10 minutes after
      injection, 88 +/- 38% 20 minutes after, and 24 +/- 53% 30 minutes after. The
      short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (short latency SEP) recorded in the
      other 2 animals showed no noticeable change either in amplitude or latency during
      the same procedures. In 1 of 2 animals in which brainstem auditory evoked
      potentials (BAEP) were monitored, the latency of peak IV increased after ligation
      of the right brachiocephalic artery, and decreased 20 minutes after injection of
      diltiazem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041288
TI  - [A sudden-death in a case of Arnold-Chiari malformation (type I) with sleep
      apnea].
AB  - We presented a sudden-death case of Arnold-Chiari malformation (type 1)
      accompanied with spina bifida and closed meningomyelocele. Polysomnography
      revealed the increase of both central and mixed type apneas to compare with the
      findings of typical Pickwikian syndrome. THE CASE: 30-year-old female without
      obese or obstruction of upper air way. Spina bifida and closed meningomyelocele
      at sacral portion were found at her birth. She had no treatment and had not been
      able to walk because of paralysis at low extremities. Since she was 25-year-old,
      she had had insomnia which accompanied by choked feelings, palpitations,
      clumsiness of hands and anxiety. Snoring was light, and she had neither
      respiratory disturbances nor hypersomnia during awake. She was admitted to our
      hospital for treatment of decubitus. 2nd June, 1977, she was found acrocyanosis
      during sleep and immediately she was resurrected. Physical examinations revealed
      there was no accounting for sudden respiratory arrest: the cardio-pulmonary
      system was normal during awake and laboratory findings also failed to disclose
      the episode. But she had slight dysfunctions of lower cranial nerves: fine
      nystagmus according to the head-position, decreased gag reflex, and paresis in
      the recurrence nerve of N.XII and etc. Angiography showed communicating
      hydrocephalus. Though ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation was performed at 8th
      June, sleep apnea could not be improved. Therefore we examined in order to
      clarify her sleep apnea. She was not obese, we could not find any obstructions of
      upper air way. Nocturnal polygraphy was performed at 8th July. The results were
      summarized as follows: (1) Total sleep time was 293 minutes and numbers of sleep
      apnea were 134 times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041289
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in a case of facial myokymia with multiple
      sclerosis].
AB  - A 59-year-old female of facial myokymia with multiple sclerosis was reported. In
      this case, facial myokymia appeared at the same time as the first attack of
      multiple sclerosis, in association with paroxysmal pain and desesthesia of the
      neck, painful tonic seizures of the right upper and lower extremities and
      cervical transverse myelopathy. The facial myokymia consisted of grossly visible,
      continuous, fine and worm-like movement, which often began in the area of the
      left orbicularis oculi and spread to the other facial muscles on one side.
      Electromyographic studies revealed grouping of motor units and continuous
      spontaneous rhythmic discharges in the left orbicularis oris suggesting facial
      myokymia, but there were no abnormalities on voluntary contraction. Sometimes
      doublet or multiplet patterns occurred while at other times the bursts were of
      single motor potential. The respective frequencies were 3-4/sec and 40-50/sec.
      There was no evidence of fibrillation. The facial myokymia disappeared after 4-8
      weeks of administration of prednisolone and did not recur. In the remission stage
      after disappearance of the facial myokymia, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
      imaging by the inversion recovery method demonstrated low intensity demyelinated
      plaque in the left lateral tegmentum of the inferior pons, which was responsible
      for the facial myokymia, but X-ray computed tomography revealed no pathological
      findings. The demyelinated plaque demonstrated by NMR imaging seemed to be
      located in the infranuclear area of the facial nerve nucleus and to involve the
      intramedurally root.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041290
TI  - [Cerebral venous thrombosis with familial antithrombin III deficiency].
AB  - A case of cerebral venous thrombosis with familial antithrombin III (AT III)
      deficiency was reported and we discussed the anticoagulant therapy of cerebral
      venous thrombosis from the viewpoint of AT III. The patient, a 17-year-old boy,
      was admitted to our clinic with severe bifrontal headache, generalized
      convulsions and progressive disturbance of consciousness. He developed deep vein
      thrombosis in his right leg and pulmonary emboli two years earlier when he was
      placed on heparin and so forth, followed by warfarin sodium. Warfarin was
      terminated 9 months prior to his recent illness. On neurological examination on
      admission, he was semicomatous with blurred disc margins, roving eye movements
      with right abducens nerve palsy, nuchal stiffness and right flaccid hemiplegia.
      Left carotid angiogram and CT scan revealed extensive superior sagittal sinus
      thrombosis, complicated with hemorrhagic infarcts in bilateral frontal lobes.
      When examined for coagulation studies, the patient and his father had decrease in
      AT III activity and antigen levels. He was treated successfully with
      antiedematous agents and anticonvulsants during acute phase of illness. He was
      thereafter placed on warfarin 5-6 mg/day with no further clinical thromboembolic
      event for 2 years 9 months. There was no neurological abnormality when he was
      last examined, although he was treated with valproic acid 1,200 mg/day and
      phenytoin 250 mg/day to control occasional adversive seizures. A coagulation
      study following infusion of 5,000 units of AT III was carried out. Warfarin was
      discontinued the day before the study. 0.64 U/kg of AT III administration
      resulted in a 1% increase in AT III level after the infusion. The biological half
      life of AT III was 14.4 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041291
TI  - [A case of male prolactinoma presenting extremely high serum prolactin levels and
      biphasic response to CB-154 suppression test].
AB  - A 33-year-old male was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Medical
      School with a complaint of headache. There were no neurological deficits on
      admission. Craniogram demonstrated a so-called "phantom sella". A computed
      tomography revealed a high density mass lesion and the mass was enhanced well,
      that mainly extended from the sella to the left middle cranial fossa. The left
      carotid angiogram revealed an avascular mass lesion extending from the sella to
      the left middle cranial fossa. Pituitary function tests revealed an extremely
      high serum prolactin (PRL) levels (70, 100 ng/ml). PRL response to TRH was
      delayed in peak and the high level continued. Serum PRL levels elevated to 90,
      800 ng/ml at 180 min after injection of TRH. A biphasic response was demonstrated
      in response to CB-154 suppression test to PRL secretion, that is, CB-154
      stimulated PRL release initially (up to 90 min) and suppressed thereafter. Serum
      PRL levels (178, 400 ng/ml) reached to peak about 90 min after CB-154
      administration. Response of growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone
      (ACTH) to insulin were also impaired. Craniotomy was performed. The tumor was
      partially removed and was diagnosed as a prolactinoma histologically. Tumor
      tissue removed was subjected to the monolayer culture and electron microscopic
      study. Their observations demonstrated hyperactive PRL secretion of the
      individual cells. A total dose of 5,000 rads was irradiated
      postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041292
TI  - [An autopsy case of hereditary ataxia (hereditary spastic ataxia)].
AB  - An autopsy case of hereditary spastic ataxia is reported. There are four family
      members with similar symptomatology through three generations. A 36-year-old man
      developed atactic gait at the age of 22 years, with following dysarthria,
      scanning speech, pyramidal signs, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, nystagmus and
      mild sensory disturbance. The clinical course was steadily progressive and
      terminated about 14 years after the onset. The gross examination showed smallness
      of the brain stem and spinal cord with marked symmetrical atrophy of the anterior
      and lateral columns, especially at thoracic level. Histologically, pronounced
      degeneration was found in the anterior and posterior spino-cerebellar tracts,
      spino-thalamic tracts, and spinal ganglia. The olivary nuclei, pons and
      cerebellum were spared. The dentate nuclei showed considerable loss of neurons
      with degeneration, however there were no clinical signs related to this
      pathology. This case is considered to fall in the group of hereditary spastic
      ataxia according to Greenfield's classification, however, there was no report on
      degeneration of the dentate nucleus in this disease for the present. Hereditary
      spastic ataxia is very rare disease and only four cases have well been documented
      in our country to the best of our knowledge. The presence of nystagmus and
      superficial sensory disturbance, and sparing of the posterior column of the
      spinal cord seems to be common clinico-pathology in Japanese cases, differing
      from those of foreign cases. The fact that reactive astrogliosis was
      immunohistochemistry demonstrated in the degenerative regions of the spinal cord
      and where is no discrepancy between degenerative and reparative processes as
      reported before is stressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041293
TI  - [Intravascular treatment of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas].

PMID- 4041294
TI  - Digitalis: where are we now?

PMID- 4041295
TI  - Changing digoxin potency and cardiac mortality in England and Wales 1968-76.
AB  - Data on monthly totals of cardiac deaths in England and Wales were examined in
      different ways to see whether there were any unexplained fluctuations in rates
      both at the time of an unplanned increase in the bioavailability and therefore
      the potency of the Lanoxin brand of digoxin in May 1972 and also when there was a
      coordinated increase in the bioavailability of other brands in October 1975.
      Despite advice to prescribers, dosages were not proportionately reduced in the
      600 000 patients who were on treatment. Monthly totals of deaths from cardiac
      causes were high through the summer of 1972 but not at the end of 1975 and the
      excess in 1972 seems to be related to a cold summer. There was no evidence of a
      consistent or specific effect of changes in digoxin potency, either beneficial or
      harmful, on deaths from all cardiac causes or in specific subgroups in which
      digoxin treatment was likely to be most common. Although major changes in digoxin
      potency in England and Wales did not seem to produce a repeatable effect on death
      rates, data from other countries should also be examined for evidence of such an
      effect.

PMID- 4041296
TI  - Rapid plasma digoxin assay in outpatients--a useful routine technique?
AB  - In 25 outpatients taking digoxin for chronic atrial fibrillation (established for
      at least six months) a prospective study identified only one case in which rapid
      availability of the results of a plasma digoxin assay altered the dose which had
      already been selected on the basis of simple clinical assessment. No patient
      received more than 375 micrograms digoxin per day and none showed clinical
      evidence of toxicity even though seven had renal impairment. Six other patients
      had poorly controlled ventricular rates requiring larger doses of digoxin, but
      even in these patients the dose could be selected on clinical grounds alone.
      Despite the availability of a very rapid fluorescence polarisation immunoassay
      for digoxin, simple but careful clinical monitoring is an adequate basis for the
      selection of a suitable dose in most patients taking digoxin for atrial
      fibrillation.

PMID- 4041297
TI  - Plants and cardiac glycosides.

PMID- 4041298
TI  - Cultivation and breeding of Digitalis lanata in the Netherlands.
AB  - After the second world war Marshall Aid funds were used to establish a
      cooperative organisation for growing, drying, and selling Digitalis lanata (and
      other medicinal, aromatic, and culinary herbs) in the Netherlands. The crop is
      sown in mid April and the fully mechanised harvest of the leaves takes place from
      September to late November. The leaves are dried for 10-12 hours at 50 degrees C
      maximum. The aim of breeding trials is to improve leaf production, erect leaf
      attitude, resistance to Septoria leaf spot and to bolting, and a higher dry
      matter and digoxin content.

PMID- 4041299
TI  - Arrhythmogenic potential of diuretic induced hypokalaemia in patients with mild
      hypertension and ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - In view of evidence suggesting an association of mild hypokalaemia with cardiac
      arrhythmia, the arrhythmogenic potentials of potassium losing and potassium
      sparing diuretic treatments were compared in a controlled prospective crossover
      study of 10 patients with mild hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. Mean
      (SEM) plasma potassium was 4.3(0.06) mmol/l and 3.3(0.07) mmol/l after potassium
      sparing and potassium losing treatments respectively. Blood pressure and volume
      depletion as assessed by weight change, plasma renin activity, and noradrenaline
      concentrations did not differ significantly in the two treatment periods. The
      potassium losing treatment phase was associated with an increased frequency of
      ventricular extrasystoles, a higher Lown grading during ambulatory
      electrocardiographic monitoring, prolonged duration and decreased phase 0
      velocity of the monophasic action potential, a prolonged ventricular effective
      refractory period, and increased myocardial electrical instability as assessed by
      programmed ventricular stimulation. It is concluded that minor changes in plasma
      potassium concentration are associated with increased ventricular electrical
      instability in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Mild hypokalaemia in such
      patients may predispose to life threatening arrhythmias and should be avoided.

PMID- 4041300
TI  - Acute haemodynamic and metabolic effects of dopexamine, a new dopaminergic
      receptor agonist, in patients with chronic heart failure.
AB  - Dopexamine, a new compound with postjunctional dopamine receptor activating and
      beta adrenoceptor agonist properties, was given to 10 patients with chronic heart
      failure at diagnostic cardiac catheterisation to investigate its acute
      haemodynamic and metabolic effects. The drug was administered by intravenous
      infusion in three incremental doses and produced significant dose related
      increases in cardiac index, stroke volume index, and heart rate and falls in
      systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular end diastolic pressure; aortic
      and pulmonary artery pressures were unchanged. Isovolumic phase (max dP/dt and
      KVmax) and ejection phase (peak aortic blood velocity, maximum acceleration of
      blood, and maximum rate of change of power with time during ejection) indices of
      myocardial contractility were all increased by dopexamine but these changes were
      hard to interpret in the presence of an increase in heart rate. Myocardial
      efficiency and ejection fraction were both increased and left ventricular end
      diastolic and end systolic volumes fell. These largely beneficial changes were
      achieved without a statistically significant increase in myocardial oxygen
      consumption or disturbance of myocardial metabolic function. Dopexamine was well
      tolerated but tremor was reported by two patients at the intermediate dose and
      mild chest pain by two patients at the high dose.

PMID- 4041301
TI  - Respiratory gas exchange in the assessment of patients with impaired ventricular
      function.
AB  - Respiratory gas exchange on exercise was evaluated as a non-invasive method of
      assessing patients with heart failure. Twenty four men (age 28-72) with
      symptomatic chronic stable heart failure (New York Heart Association class II
      III) and ten controls aged 36-70 were studied. During treadmill exercise oxygen
      consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured continuously by analysis
      of mixed expired gas with a computerised mass spectrometer. The anaerobic
      threshold was defined as the oxygen consumption at which carbon dioxide
      production increased disproportionately in relation to oxygen consumption. Oxygen
      consumption was stable at rest and increased on exercise, reaching a steady state
      within three minutes of any change in workload. The measurements of maximum
      oxygen consumption at the end of exercise and of anaerobic threshold were
      reproducible (retest reliability coefficients 90% and 91% respectively). There
      were significant differences in maximum oxygen consumption between functional
      classes. Similarly, there were significant differences in anaerobic threshold
      between classes, though there was considerable overlap. Measurement of oxygen
      consumption and anaerobic threshold provides an objective noninvasive assessment
      of patients with heart failure.

PMID- 4041302
TI  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy simulating an infiltrative myocardial disease.
AB  - Congestive heart failure developed in a patient with low electrocardiographic QRS
      voltages, diffuse thickening of the septum and free cardiac wall, and a reduction
      in left ventricular internal diameter, which suggested an infiltrative heart
      muscle disease. Histological examination at necropsy showed hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy with symmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy. Myocardial disarray
      of type 1A disorganisation was extensive and equally distributed in the
      ventricular septum and the left anterior and left posterior ventricular free
      walls. Severe fibrosis (40%) was also present and may have been a possible cause
      of the electrocardiographic abnormalities as well as of the lack of ventricular
      dilatation.

PMID- 4041303
TI  - Management of aortic left ventricular tunnel.
AB  - A 22 year old man had a diagnosis of left ventricular aortic tunnel established
      during infancy. Surgical repair was deferred at that time because his severe
      aortic root deformity would also have required aortic valve replacement. His
      current lack of symptoms together with a normal exercise capacity could be used
      as an argument against routine early surgical repair of the tunnel, particularly
      when the possible need for additional aortic valve replacement is considered.

PMID- 4041304
TI  - Right atrial spleen.
AB  - A large cardiac tumour occupying most of the right atrium and the right ventricle
      and causing inflow obstruction to the right heart was confirmed by cross
      sectional echocardiography in a 41 year old man. After surgical resection
      histological examination showed that the atrial tumour had the characteristics of
      splenic tissue. Possible mechanisms for the development of such a tumour include
      an origin analogous to that of an accessory spleen or the implantation and
      subsequent growth of lymphoid tissue in a pre-existing superior vena caval or
      high right atrial angioma.

PMID- 4041305
TI  - Early prenatal detection of double outlet right ventricle by echocardiography.
AB  - A double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect and
      right sided hypoplastic aorta was diagnosed in a 22 week fetus of a mother with
      diabetes mellitus. Elective termination of pregnancy was carried out and the
      echocardiographic findings were confirmed. Early prenatal detection of congenital
      heart disease may allow elective termination of pregnancy when the fetus has
      severe defects.

PMID- 4041306
TI  - Comparison of the vasoactivity of amide and ester local anaesthetics. An
      intradermal study.
AB  - The vascular effects and duration of action of two ester-linked local
      anaesthetics, procaine and amethocaine, and four amide-linked local anaesthetics,
      cinchocaine, lignocaine, mepivacaine and prilocaine, were investigated in 10
      volunteers by intradermal injection using a double-blind technique. Procaine and
      amethocaine produced marked vasodilatation; weal formation was observed at 80% of
      the amethocaine injection sites. Mepivacaine had a marked vasoconstrictor effect;
      the other three agents produced more variable vasoactivity. Duration of action
      was concentration-dependent for all six drugs, the slopes of the log dose-
      duration plots reflecting the observed vasoactivity.

PMID- 4041307
TI  - Interactions between diltiazem and isoflurane. An in vitro investigation in
      isolated guinea pig atria.
AB  - Maximum force of contraction of paced, isolated guinea pig atria was measured in
      three groups. Atria from animals in group 1 were exposed to isoflurane for 10
      min. In group 2, atria were exposed to diltiazem 35 nmol litre-1 alone and in
      group 3 atria were pre-treated with diltiazem 35 nmol litre-1 before exposure to
      isoflurane. Maximum depression of contraction was significantly greater in tissue
      exposed to the combination of diltiazem and isoflurane (group 3) compared with
      that exposed to isoflurane alone (group 1). Tissue exposed to diltiazem and
      isoflurane remained significantly more depressed from 15 to 30 min after the
      administration of isoflurane compared with the depression produced by the
      volatile agent alone. The results suggest that the calcium antagonist, diltiazem,
      may modify the effects of isoflurane on myocardial function.

PMID- 4041309
TI  - Paranasal sinusitis: a complication of nasotracheal intubation. Two case reports.
AB  - Reports are presented on two patients who developed severe paranasal sinusitis in
      association with prolonged nasotracheal intubation. The likely predisposing
      factors are discussed.

PMID- 4041308
TI  - Haemorrhage decreases the anaesthetic requirement for ketamine and thiopentone in
      the pig.
AB  - The anaesthetic requirements of ketamine and thiopentone were studied in eight
      pig littermates during normovolaemia and after haemorrhage (30% blood loss). Four
      animals received ketamine and four thiopentone, and the minimal anaesthetic doses
      of both drugs were determined. Moderate hypovolaemia decreased the anaesthetic
      requirements significantly and similarly: thiopentone 33 +/- 5%; ketamine 40 +/-
      5% (mean +/- SEM).

PMID- 4041310
TI  - Paroxysmal electroencephalographic discharges during enflurane anaesthesia in
      patients with a history of cerebral convulsions.
AB  - The electroencephalogram (EEG) was monitored through all phases of enflurane
      anaesthesia in dental outpatients with a history of cerebral convulsions which
      had been well controlled with anticonvulsant drugs. Abnormal EEG activity which
      differed from the background activity was observed in three patients. Their case
      reports are presented.

PMID- 4041311
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis of malignant hyperpyrexia susceptibility (MHS). European MH
      Group.

PMID- 4041312
TI  - Duration of fast before elective surgery.

PMID- 4041313
TI  - Paracetamol kinetics and gastric emptying.

PMID- 4041314
TI  - Oral ranitidine in labour.

PMID- 4041316
TI  - Fixation of extradural catheters.

PMID- 4041315
TI  - Excretion of lorazepam into breast milk.

PMID- 4041317
TI  - Antagonism of neuromuscular blockade.

PMID- 4041318
TI  - Side effects induced by suxamethonium on the skeletal muscle and their
      prevention.

PMID- 4041319
TI  - Naloxone--a strong analgesic in combination with high-dose buprenorphine.

PMID- 4041320
TI  - Postoperative analgesia with Duromorph.
AB  - The analgesic effects and bioavailability of a slow-release preparation of
      morphine (Duromorph) were studied in 12 patients with acute postoperative pain.
      Duromorph produced significant analgesia within 1-2 h of administration i.m., and
      there was a progressive decrease in the mean pain score for at least 8 h. None of
      the patients requested or received additional analgesia within 12 h, and the
      incidence of side-effects was similar to that associated with i.m. morphine.
      During the 8-h study, plasma concentrations of morphine slowly increased for 3 h,
      and then gradually declined. After 3 h, concentrations were invariably greater
      than those produced by conventional doses of morphine sulphate i.m. The study
      confirmed that Duromorph was an effective analgesic with a prolonged duration of
      action, which was suitable for the management of postoperative pain.

PMID- 4041321
TI  - Baclofen prolongs the analgesic effect of fentanyl in man.
AB  - Pretreatment with baclofen prolonged the duration of fentanyl-induced analgesia
      from 18 to 30 min in patients undergoing neurosurgical anaesthesia (fentanyl plus
      nitrous oxide in oxygen). This observation is consistent with a potentiating
      effect of GABA on opioid analgesia.

PMID- 4041322
TI  - Evaluation of the combined effects of atropine and neostigmine on the lower
      oesophageal sphincter.
AB  - The effects, on the lower oesophageal sphincter, of the simultaneous
      administration of atropine and neostigmine were studied in 10 healthy patients
      undergoing gynaecological surgery. Atropine 1.2 mg and neostigmine 2.5 mg were
      given to antagonize neuromuscular blockade at the termination of surgery. For the
      succeeding 15-20 min, frequent measurements of lower oesophageal sphincter
      pressure (LOSP) were made whilst anaesthesia was maintained. It was demonstrated
      that this drug combination resulted in a significant decrease in LOSP initially,
      but that this potentially deleterious effect was transient in nature.

PMID- 4041323
TI  - A double-blind study of motor blockade in the lower limbs. Studies during spinal
      anaesthesia with hyperbaric and glucose-free 0.5% bupivacaine.
AB  - Sensory and motor blockade were studied double-blind during spinal anaesthesia in
      20 urology patients who received 0.5% bupivacaine solution 4 ml with or without
      glucose. Using a new method for determining muscle strength, motor blockade
      during anaesthesia was recorded quantitatively for flexion of the hip, extension
      of the knee and plantar flexion of the big toe. Movements of the lower part of
      the thoracic cage were recorded at the same time. Complete motor blockade of
      longer duration was observed for all three movements following the administration
      of the glucose-free solution compared with the solution containing glucose.
      During the regression phase, the muscle strength returned significantly later
      (knee extension and hip flexion) when glucose-free bupivacaine solution was
      given. There was no significant difference between the two anaesthetic solutions
      regarding plantar flexion of the big toe during this phase. For hip flexion (L1
      L3) there was no noteworthy difference between the levels of analgesia and the
      motor blockade, whereas for plantar flexion of the big toe (L5-S2) the level of
      analgesia was 2-3 segments higher than the level of motor blockade. Thoracic
      movements (maximal inspiration to normal expiration) did not appear to be notably
      influenced by the level of analgesia. Complete regression of motor blockade was
      not observed for any of the movements at grade O of a modified Bromage scale. Not
      until 1.5-2 h after the attainment of this grade was the muscle strength of all
      movements restored (90% of control value).

PMID- 4041324
TI  - Spinal anaesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine and 0.5% amethocaine in 5% glucose.
AB  - Three millititre of 0.75% plain bupivacaine and 0.5% amethocaine 3 ml in 5%
      glucose were used for spinal anaesthesia and compared in a double-blind study of
      20 patients undergoing urological surgery. The onset time to maximum cephalad
      spread of sensory analgesia was approximately 45 min for bupivacaine and
      approximately 30 min in the amethocaine group (ns). The mean maximum spread of
      sensory analgesia was similar for both agents: T6-7 180 min after injection,
      although the cephalad spread of sensory analgesia with bupivacaine persisted for
      longer at a significantly higher level than that of amethocaine. Duration of
      sensory analgesia was significantly longer in the bupivacaine group from S3 to S5
      and from T12 to L2 levels. Onset time to complete motor blockade of the lower
      limbs was similar for both agents. Nine of 10 bupivacaine patients and seven of
      the 10 patients receiving amethocaine had complete motor blockade of the lower
      limbs. Duration of motor blockade was significantly longer for all degrees in the
      bupivacaine group.

PMID- 4041325
TI  - Thermoregulatory responses to cooling in patients susceptible to malignant
      hyperpyrexia.
AB  - The influence of 1 h of surface cooling on body temperature, variables which
      contribute to thermoregulation and selected hormones and metabolites has been
      investigated in seven patients susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) and in
      seven matched control subjects. Cooling was achieved using a liquid conditioned
      coverall worn next to the skin. Skin temperature decreased similarly in both
      groups of subjects. Heat production increased in both groups, with a slightly
      higher heat production being seen in the MH group. Core temperature increased in
      both groups of subjects at the start of the cooling period, with a significantly
      greater increase occurring in the MH group (control: + 0.13 +/- 0.13; MH: + 0.28
      +/- 0.10 degrees C, P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in
      plasma lactate, or pyruvate concentrations. Plasma glucose concentrations were
      lower in the control group; after 30 min of cooling plasma glucose was 4.25 +/-
      0.37 mmol litre-1 in the control group and 5.34 +/- 0.21 mmol litre-1 in the MH
      group (P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in plasma thyroxine
      or adrenaline concentrations. Plasma noradrenaline increased in both groups of
      subjects. The increase in plasma noradrenaline of the MH patients was greater
      than in most of the control subjects.

PMID- 4041326
TI  - Microcalorimetric studies in malignant hyperpyrexia susceptible individuals.
AB  - In an attempt to develop a diagnostic test for malignant hyperpyrexia (MH)
      without the need for open muscle biopsy, we have investigated the change in heat
      production brought about when platelets and muscle are exposed to halothane and
      caffeine. Halothane 3% caused platelet aggregation, which was itself associated
      with heat production. Caffeine 4 mmol litre-1 decreased heat production in
      platelets from both MH susceptible and non-susceptible individuals. Muscle
      exposed to 4% halothane showed an increase in heat production in both types of
      tissue. There were no significant differences in heat production between MH
      susceptible and non-susceptible tissue in any of the tests.

PMID- 4041327
TI  - Diltiazem inhibits halothane-induced contractions in malignant hyperthermia
      susceptible muscles in vitro.
AB  - The ability of diltiazem to suppress halothane and halothane-caffeine induced
      contractures in malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptible pig muscle, was tested in
      vitro. Muscle specimens were divided into two groups and tested with a modified
      halothane-caffeine contracture test. One group acted as the control; the other
      group was pretreated with diltiazem 20 mumol litre-1. The control muscles
      developed contractures attributable to halothane and halothane-caffeine, whereas
      the diltiazem-treated specimens did not. Increases in muscle twitch tension as a
      result of halothane or halothane-caffeine exposure occurred in treated and
      untreated specimens, but were significantly delayed in the presence of diltiazem.
      Muscle exhaustion observed after halothane and halothane-caffeine exposure in the
      control specimens did not occur in the diltiazem treated muscles.

PMID- 4041328
TI  - Dermal effects of compositions based on the eutectic mixture of lignocaine and
      prilocaine (EMLA). Studies in volunteers.
AB  - The effects of the cutaneous application of EMLA cream (a eutectic mixture of
      lignocaine and prilocaine in their base form) were studied in volunteers. When
      tested by pin-prick, EMLA cream 2.5% and 5% produced analgesia of the area
      tested, the cream being most effective if left in contact with the skin for 60
      min. The pain produced by the insertion of an i.v. cannula was successfully
      blocked by the application of this formulation, especially if applied to the
      antecubital area. Temporary blanching of the skin areas was frequently observed
      on removal of the occlusive tape bandages, but prolonged, or repeated,
      application of 5% EMLA cream did not produce local skin reactions. Tests for
      delayed hypersensitivity reactions were negative. Plasma concentrations of
      lignocaine and prilocaine were low after a standard application.

PMID- 4041329
TI  - Verapamil pharmacokinetics and apparent hepatic and renal blood flow.
AB  - The effect of acute and continued administration of verapamil on pharmacokinetics
      and regional blood flow has been studied in eight normotensive subjects.
      Continued administration resulted in a significant decrease in verapamil
      clearance, compared to that following acute dosing, as assessed by increases in
      both terminal elimination half-life (from a mean +/- s.d. of 5.2 +/- 2.3 h to 6.7
      +/- 2.0 h) and AUC (from a mean +/- s.d. of 800 +/- 353 ng ml-1 h to 1455 +/- 244
      ng ml-1 h). The relative clearance of norverapamil was not changed. Acute
      administration of verapamil resulted in a significant increase (P less than
      0.005) in apparent liver blood flow which with continued administration fell
      significantly (P less than 0.01) towards placebo values. Effective renal plasma
      flow similarly increased with acute verapamil administration (P less than 0.05)
      and with chronic administration reduced again to be not significantly different
      from placebo. Acute and chronic verapamil administration did not significantly
      alter glomerular filtration rates. These results suggest that there may be a
      relationship between the acute increase in liver blood flow and the relatively
      increased clearance of verapamil following acute dosing.

PMID- 4041330
TI  - Anticonvulsant therapy and cortisol elimination.
AB  - The effect of anticonvulsant therapy on early morning concentration of cortisol
      in saliva and plasma was assessed in a group of epileptic patients receiving
      regular phenytoin medication and the results compared with those obtained from a
      group of normal subjects not receiving drug therapy. Values of cortisol in
      matched samples of plasma (331 +/- 23 nmol l-1, mean +/- s.e. mean, n = 6) and
      saliva (11.4 +/- 0.9 nmol l-1, mean +/- s.e. mean, n = 9) provided by epileptics
      did not differ significantly from those in the plasma (334 +/- 41 nmol l-1, mean
      +/- s.e. mean) and saliva (12.0 +/- 2.0 nmol-1, mean +/- s.e. mean) of healthy
      volunteers (n = 12). Six anticonvulsant-treated epileptics, together with six age
      and sex matched normal volunteers, each received intravenous dexamethasone (1 mg
      h-1) to determine the half-life of cortisol in plasma and saliva. In the
      anticonvulsant-treated group, the half-life of cortisol in plasma (73 +/- 5 min,
      mean +/- s.e. mean) and saliva (83 +/- 5 min, mean +/- s.e. mean) was reduced
      significantly (P less than 0.01 plasma, P less than 0.05 saliva) from that
      observed in healthy volunteers. In patients, the half life of cortisol and
      antipyrine showed a significant correlation (r2 = 0.75, P less than 0.05 plasma,
      r2 = 0.71, P less than 0.05 saliva). The antipyrine half-life in saliva was
      reduced significantly (P less than 0.02) and the antipyrine clearance rate,
      increased significantly (P less than 0.005) in the treated epileptic group,
      reflecting drug-induced microsomal enzyme production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4041331
TI  - The effects of long-acting pinacidil on intra-arterial blood pressure.
AB  - We have tested the efficacy of a new long-acting preparation of pinacidil, an
      arterial vasodilator, using continuous intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure
      recording. An acute dose produced a measurable effect lasting for 12 h. The
      duration of this effect was less during chronic twice daily drug administration.
      Side effects were common, causing two out of nine patients to withdraw from the
      study. Tilt testing produced no postural hypotension and there was no evidence of
      rebound hypertension on the withdrawal day.

PMID- 4041332
TI  - Effects of long-acting propranolol on blood pressure and heart rate in
      hypertensive Chinese.
AB  - In a double-blind, balanced and randomised study we used treadmill exercise to
      assess the effects of long-acting propranolol (LA propranolol) 160 or 320 mg or
      placebo, given once daily for 4 weeks, on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP)
      in 15 Chinese subjects with mild primary hypertension (PHT). We used 24 h ECG
      monitoring to assess drug effects on HR. Another 18 patients were similarly
      assessed without exercise. Steady-state plasma propranolol concentrations after
      LA propranolol 160 and 320 mg were comparable to those after ordinary propranolol
      80 and 160 mg daily measured in 11 and 12 separate patients. LA propranolol 160
      and 320 mg reduced HR and BP before and during vigorous exercise. LA propranolol
      160 and 320 mg reduced HR for 17.6 and 21.4 h of the day, and 320 mg
      significantly reduced the mean 24 h HR, and the mean maximum HR. The drug effects
      on BP and HR, and the average plasma propranolol levels after LA propranolol were
      similar to those reported in European subjects.

PMID- 4041333
TI  - Haemodialysis does not affect the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine.
AB  - To establish dosage recommendations in patients with end-stage renal disease
      undergoing chronic haemodialysis, nifedipine kinetics were studied between and
      during haemodialysis sessions. In eight patients, during the interdialytic
      period, peak plasma concentrations of nifedipine (29-332 ng/ml) were reached 0.5
      1.0 h after administration of a single 10 mg oral dose. Elimination half-life and
      oral plasma clearance were respectively 2.6 +/- 0.5 h and 1 176 +/- 412 ml/min.
      Nifedipine plasma protein binding was decreased in uraemic patients (88.8 +/-
      0.3% vs 94.4 +/- 0.1%) but not affected by haemodialysis. Removal by
      haemodialysis was low: the dialyser extraction ratio and the dialysis clearance
      were respectively 2.3 +/- 0.8% and 2.8 +/- 0.9 ml/min.

PMID- 4041334
TI  - Effects of single and multiple doses of ketoconazole on adrenal function in
      normal subjects.
AB  - The plasma cortisol response to 0.25 mg tetracosactrin given by intramuscular
      injection was suppressed by nine oral doses of 200 mg ketoconazole given 12
      hourly to nine normal female subjects. No effect was noted following a single 200
      mg oral dose of ketoconazole. This suppressive effect was reversible within at
      least 5 days of discontinuation of ketoconazole.

PMID- 4041335
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in quadriplegics.
AB  - In a previous study we observed that quadriplegic patients were unresponsive to
      ranitidine given in high dose (600 mg day-1 intravenously) for prophylaxis of
      stress ulceration. The pharmacokinetics of 100 mg of intravenous ranitidine have
      therefore been studied in six male quadriplegic patients. Plasma drug
      concentrations declined in a biexponential fashion. The mean (+/- s.e. mean)
      distribution half-life was 9.42 (+/- 1.04) min. The terminal plasma elimination
      half-life 1.79 (+/- 0.12) h, the volume of distribution 103 (+/- 17) litres and
      total body clearance 663 (+/- 86) ml/min. These values are similar to those
      described in two published studies performed in normal male volunteers. This
      suggests that there is no pharmacokinetic reason for the quadriplegics to be
      resistant to ranitidine and the defect is likely to be related to vagal control
      of acid secretion.

PMID- 4041336
TI  - The effect of ranitidine on the disposition of lignocaine.
AB  - The effect of pretreatment with ranitidine (150 mg twice daily for 5 days) on the
      disposition of lignocaine was examined in 10 healthy volunteers (five male, five
      female). Each subject received separate oral (250 mg) and intravenous (1.5 mg/kg)
      doses of lignocaine hydrochloride before and after ranitidine. Lignocaine
      systemic clearance was reduced by 9% (1.11 to 0.99 1 h-1 kg-1; P less than 0.01)
      following ranitidine pretreatment. The volume of distribution at steady-state was
      reduced by 15% (3.34 to 2.85 1 kg-1; P less than 0.005). Lignocaine oral
      clearance, elimination half-life and oral bioavailability were unchanged after
      ranitidine pretreatment. There was no sex difference in the effects of ranitidine
      pretreatment on lignocaine disposition. These results are consistent with small
      reductions in blood flow to the splanchnic and other vascular beds due to
      ranitidine.

PMID- 4041338
TI  - A model which predicts maintenance warfarin dosage requirements from the response
      to a single dose.

PMID- 4041337
TI  - Effect of short surgical procedures on salivary paracetamol elimination.
AB  - The effect of short surgical procedures on paracetamol elimination was studied in
      seven male patients undergoing surgery with epidural anaesthesia. Five healthy
      volunteers who did not undergo surgery served as a control group. Paracetamol
      concentration was measured in saliva at various intervals 1 day before and after
      surgery. Paracetamol half-life (t1/2,z) decreased and metabolic clearance rate
      (CL) increased after surgery as compared to preoperative values. The results
      suggest that surgical stress may enhance the hepatic metabolism of paracetamol.

PMID- 4041339
TI  - Consequences of inflammatory processes on lignocaine protein binding during
      anaesthesia in fibreoptic bronchoscopy.

PMID- 4041340
TI  - Ranitidine and procainamide absorption.

PMID- 4041341
TI  - Ventilatory effects of long-term treatment with pindolol and metoprolol in
      hypertensive patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.
AB  - Effects of long-term treatment with pindolol (10 mg twice daily) and metoprolol
      (100 mg twice daily) on lung function and blood pressure were investigated in
      eight patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and hypertension. After a
      placebo period, both beta-adrenoceptor blockers were administered double-blind
      and cross-over for 4 weeks. By assessing parameters of expiratory flow an attempt
      was made to distinguish between large and small airways function. Diastolic blood
      pressure decreased significantly during both pindolol and metoprolol (P less than
      0.01). Except for a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) during
      metoprolol treatment, there was no other change in expiratory flow parameters
      after placebo or both beta-adrenoceptor blockers. Inhalation of terbutaline
      induced a small improvement in large airways function after placebo and
      metoprolol, but not after pindolol; there was no effect of terbutaline on
      parameters of small airways function. If a beta-adrenoceptor blocker is necessary
      in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, a beta 1-adrenoceptor
      selective blocker is preferred in combination with bronchodilator agents.

PMID- 4041342
TI  - Selectivity and dose-dependency of the inhibitory effect of propranolol on
      theophylline metabolism in man.
AB  - The effects of separate 5 day pretreatments of propranolol 120 mg day-1 and 720
      mg day-1 on theophylline clearance and metabolism at steady-state were determined
      in seven healthy males. Propranolol 120 mg day-1 decreased theophylline plasma
      clearance (CL) by 30%. Clearance of theophylline to each metabolite was reduced
      by this treatment, clearances to the two demethylated products by 42-43% and
      clearance to the 8-hydroxylation product by 27%. Propranolol 720 mg day-1
      decreased theophylline CL by 52%. Again, clearance of theophylline to each
      metabolite was reduced by this treatment, clearances to the two demethylation
      products by 73-77% and clearance to the 8-hydroxylation product by 44%. These
      data are consistent with a dose-dependent and selective inhibitory effect of
      propranolol on the separate forms of cytochrome P-450 involved in theophylline
      demethylation and 8-hydroxylation.

PMID- 4041343
TI  - The influence of diflunisal on the pharmacokinetics of oxazepam.
AB  - Single dose pharmacokinetics of oxazepam, 30 mg, have been studied in six healthy
      male volunteers in the absence of diflunisal and during continuous treatment with
      diflunisal 500 mg twice daily. During diflunisal treatment, peak plasma
      concentration of oxazepam significantly decreased from 387 +/- 18 ng ml-1 (mean
      +/- s.e. mean) to 241 +/- 10 ng ml-1 and total area under the plasma
      concentration-time curve (AUC) significantly decreased from 5536 +/- 819 ng ml-1
      h to 4643 +/- 562 ng ml-1 h. The AUC of oxazepam glucuronide significantly
      increased from 4771 +/- 227 ng ml-1 h to 8116 +/- 644 ng ml-1 h and its
      elimination half-life increased from 10.0 +/- 0.6 h to 13.0 +/- 1.0 h. Renal
      clearance for oxazepam glucuronide was significantly reduced from 74 +/- 2 ml min
      1 to 46 +/- 3 ml min-1. In vitro, diflunisal, at concentrations of 125 to 1000
      micrograms ml-1, significantly displaced oxazepam from its plasma protein
      binding, the free fraction of oxazepam increasing by 28 to 56%. The free fraction
      of oxazepam glucuronide, ex vivo, increased by 49 +/- 5% (n = 3) during
      concomitant diflunisal treatment. These data suggest that the observed
      interaction between oxazepam and diflunisal results from a presystemic
      displacement of oxazepam from its plasma protein binding sites by diflunisal and
      from an inhibition of the tubular secretion of oxazepam glucuronide by the
      glucuronides of diflunisal.

PMID- 4041344
TI  - The effect of nisoldipine on apparent liver blood flow and effective renal plasma
      flow.
AB  - The effects of the acute and continued administration of the calcium antagonist
      nisoldipine on hepatic and renal blood flow and on renal function were studied in
      nine normotensive volunteers. There were no significant changes in supine blood
      pressure or heart rate but acute administration significantly increased both
      apparent liver blood flow and effective renal plasma flow. With continued
      administration these increases were attenuated and were not significantly
      different from placebo after 4 days treatment. Acute nisoldipine administration
      was also associated with significant increases in glomerular filtration rate and
      urinary sodium excretion.

PMID- 4041345
TI  - The share of the elderly men and women in the commonest causes of death.

PMID- 4041346
TI  - Supraventricular arrhythmias--digoxin and quinidine revisited.

PMID- 4041347
TI  - The surgical treatment of thyroid disease in a district general hospital.

PMID- 4041348
TI  - Home-monitoring of blood glucose--patient preference for 'BM-Test Glycemie 20
      800' strips or 'Glucometer'.

PMID- 4041349
TI  - A comparison of Antraderm stick 1% and 2% with dithranol paste 0.25% and 0.5%
      respectively in the treatment of psoriasis.

PMID- 4041350
TI  - Benylin expectorant versus actifed expectorant in the treatment of acute cough.

PMID- 4041351
TI  - Spastic paraparesis with cirrhosis of liver.

PMID- 4041352
TI  - Avascular necrosis of the coccyx: a cause of coccydynia? Case report and
      histological findings in 16 patients.

PMID- 4041353
TI  - Fatal retroperitoneal bleeding following Latamoxef (Moxalactam) use.

PMID- 4041355
TI  - Infertility management in the 'eighties.

PMID- 4041354
TI  - Malabsorption and polymyositis in a case of congenital methaemoglobinaemia.

PMID- 4041356
TI  - Complications of non-absorbable ligatures in thyroid surgery.

PMID- 4041357
TI  - Seat belts and breast disease.

PMID- 4041358
TI  - A comparative trial of urinary incontinence aids.

PMID- 4041359
TI  - Soft agarose culture human tumour colony forming assay for drug sensitivity
      testing: [3H]-thymidine incorporation vs colony counting.
AB  - In vitro drug sensitivity testing, both by optical colony counting and by a [3H]
      TdR incorporation assay, was performed on human tumour cells proliferating in
      soft agar cultures. Cells from two different human tumour cell lines, 5 different
      human tumour xenografts, and 94 different primary human tumour specimens of
      various histologic types were studied. Regression analysis comparing the results
      of the colony counting assay and the [3H]-TdR assay revealed good to excellent
      correlations between the two assay endpoints for quantitating the effect of in
      vitro anticancer drug exposure for a large number of different agents. The
      presence of pre-existing tumour cell aggregates complicates the performance of
      the optical colony counting assay. The [3H]-TdR incorporation assay is more
      sensitive and reproducible than the colony counting assay when performed on
      samples containing a large number of initially seeded tumour cell aggregates.

PMID- 4041360
TI  - Non-linearity of colony formation by human tumour cells from biopsy samples.
AB  - The relationship between colony numbers and concentration of cells plated is an
      important parameter of clonogenic assay systems. The cloning efficiency for an
      ideal sample should be independent of cell concentration, thus giving a straight
      line through the origin when colony numbers are plotted against cell
      concentration. A simple statistical method has been developed to test if this is
      the case for individual tumour samples. Colony data from 51 freshly obtained
      tumour samples, which had sufficient cells to plate 3 or more dilutions and gave
      at least 20 colonies per plate at one or more of the dilutions, were tested. The
      results indicated that colony formation was linear for 27 (53%) of the samples.
      The remaining 24 samples could be classified into 2 groups: type I, in which
      cloning efficiencies increased with increasing cell concentration and type II,
      which had reduced cloning efficiencies at high cell concentrations. Fifteen (29%)
      of the samples had type I non-linearity and 9 (18%) exhibited non-linearity of
      type II. These findings indicate that the relationship between colonies and cells
      plated should be examined for each biopsy sample particularly in each experiment
      where the effects of cytotoxic drugs are tested.

PMID- 4041362
TI  - Lung cancer 1978-1981 in the black peoples of South Africa.
AB  - Mortality data on lung cancer among the black populations of South Africa, newly
      available from the first ever nation-wide enumerations, are analysed for age
      specific rates and significant geographical and intertribal variations. This
      study finds a higher incidence at younger ages than among whites, an urban excess
      similar to other population groups in South Africa and a higher incidence among
      the Xhosa than Zulu. It is suggested that an anti-smoking campaign is urgently
      required among blacks in South Africa.

PMID- 4041361
TI  - Radiation dose and second breast cancer.
AB  - Amongst 14,000 women with breast cancer treated between 1946 and 1982, 194
      developed a second primary tumour in the contralateral breast more than one year
      after diagnosis of the first primary. The radiation dose to the contralateral
      breast was calculated for each member of this group and also for members of a
      control group matched for age, year of diagnosis and survival time. Comparison of
      the groups provides no evidence for radiation induced carcinogenesis on the
      contralateral breast in these patients.

PMID- 4041363
TI  - Cytotoxicity of etretinate and vindesine.
AB  - The effects of an aromatic retinoid, etretinate and a vinca alkaloid, vindesine
      were investigated by culture of malignant melanoma cells in vitro with these two
      agents; either separately or in combination. Etretinate inhibited growth of a
      murine melanoma but only minimal effects were recorded with two human melanomas.
      Vindesine however, was inhibitory for all of the cell lines and this effect was
      enhanced in the presence of the retinoid. Entry of 3H labelled vindesine or
      etretinate into drug free cells was followed in the absence or presence of
      unlabelled drug. It was found that etretinate enhanced cellular uptake of
      vindesine in two of the cell lines and this may be responsible for the enhanced
      toxicity of vindesine in the presence of etretinate. The human melanoma which did
      not exhibit retinoid stimulated vindesine uptake, appeared to be intrinsically
      sensitive to the vinca alkaloid. No effect on cellular retinoid uptake by
      vindesine was recorded in any of the melanomas. The results indicate that the
      intracellular concentrations combined with the intrinsic sensitivities of each
      cell line to etretinate and vindesine determines the toxic response.

PMID- 4041364
TI  - Adrenergic factors regulating cell division in the colonic crypt epithelium
      during carcinogenesis and in colonic adenoma and adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Evidence exists implicating adrenergic factors in the control of intestinal
      epithelial cell proliferation in both normal and diseased states. In this report,
      attention is focussed on changes in the amine requirements of proliferating cells
      during the chemical induction of tumours in the colon of mouse. Cell
      proliferation rates were measured stathmokinetically. Tumours were induced by
      s.c. injection of dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Results with a series of adrenoceptor
      agonists and antagonists suggest that there is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor mediated
      excitatory effect in normal colon but an alpha 2 adrenoceptor mediated inhibitory
      effect in adenoma and carcinoma. Alpha 1 adrenoceptors, on the other hand, have
      an inhibitory effect in normal crypts and in adenomas, and an excitatory effect
      in carcinomas. Beta adrenoceptors have an inhibitory effect in the normal and DMH
      treated crypt, and in adenomas, but not in carcinomas. In the crypt epithelium of
      DMH-treated mice, two regions on cell proliferation, with differing regulatory
      factors, could be identified. In the upper region of the carcinogen-exposed crypt
      is a zone where cell proliferation is stimulated by an alpha 2 adrenergic
      mechanism, thus resembling the basal region of the normal crypt. By contrast, in
      the basal region of these crypts, cell proliferation is stimulated by an alpha 1
      mechanism, thus resembling a malignant tumour.

PMID- 4041365
TI  - On the clonality of tumours.

PMID- 4041366
TI  - Twenty-sixth annual general meeting of the British Association for Cancer
      Research (in conjunction with the European Organization for Research and
      Treatment for Cancer--Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Group and the Drug
      Metabolism Group). March 24-27, 1985, Birmingham, U.K.

PMID- 4041367
TI  - Bone marrow biopsy findings in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.
AB  - Bone marrow biopsies from 13 cases of lymph-node-biopsy-proven angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy (AILD) were studied. Eight cases (62%) showed a characteristic
      'granulomatoid' lymphoreticular infiltrate composed of a mixture of lymphocytes,
      epithelioid histiocytes, immunoblasts, plasma cells and eosinophils in varying
      proportions. Proliferation of blood vessels, although much less prominent than
      that described in lymph nodes, and a marked degree of reticulin fibrosis were
      also noted. The pattern of involvement was mainly focal and rarely diffuse. The
      foci were either single or multiple, and were distributed throughout the marrow
      but were only rarely paratrabecular. The associated haematopoietic marrow
      findings were nonspecific regardless of degree of bone marrow involvement. The
      histopathology of involved bone marrows in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy is
      such that in some cases it should strongly suggest the diagnosis even in the
      absence of a prior definitive lymph node biopsy. Differentiating features from
      other disorders that might be confused with AILD are discussed. Survival rate was
      adversely affected by bone marrow involvement.

PMID- 4041368
TI  - Evaluation of serum deoxythymidine kinase as a marker in multiple myeloma.
AB  - A recently developed deoxythymidine kinase assay utilizing 125I-iododeoxyuridine
      as substrate was used in an investigation of sera from 122 untreated patients
      with multiple myeloma. Most patients had slightly elevated or normal serum
      deoxythymidine kinase activity (S-TK), although in some patients values increased
      by more than forty-fold were found. S-TK correlated with the haemoglobin level
      but did not correlate with sex, age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, nor with the
      serum concentrations of creatinine, beta 2-micro-globulin, Ca or M-component. The
      distribution of S-TK values in IgG, IgA and pure Bence-Jones myeloma did not
      differ significantly. Patients with IgG and IgA myeloma excreting light-chain
      immunoglobulin in the urine had significantly higher S-TK than non-excreters.
      There was a significant correlation between S-TK values and tumour cell mass as
      determined by clinical staging. A high pretreatment S-TK (greater than 5.1 units)
      also distinguished a group of patients with a significantly shorter survival
      time. Patients with no response to initial therapy had significantly higher S-TK
      values than those who did respond. In longitudinal studies of 11 patients, S-TK
      was found to increase when the disease became more aggressive. The possibility of
      diagnosing disease progression at an early stage by an elevation of S-TK is
      discussed.

PMID- 4041369
TI  - Daunomycin administered by continuous intravenous infusion is effective in the
      treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - Anthracyclines given by continuous infusion, as opposed to bolus administration,
      are associated with a reduced incidence of cardiac and gastrointestinal toxicity.
      Our study was developed to test the antileukaemic effect of anthracyclines given
      as a continuous infusion. Nineteen sequential patients admitted for treatment of
      acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) were managed with a regimen utilizing a 3 d
      continuous intravenous infusion of daunomycin (DNM), and the complete response
      rate was similar to this institution's past experience with antileukaemic
      regimens employing 3 d bolus DNM. In our studies, infusion DNM was at least as
      myelotoxic and antileukaemic as bolus DNM; thus this method of administration
      should be explored further in remission-induction regimens for ANLL.

PMID- 4041370
TI  - Cyclosporin A in the treatment of severe acute aplastic anaemia.
AB  - Twelve consecutive adults with severe acute aplastic anaemia, not having a bone
      marrow transplantation option, were prospectively randomized to receive either
      cyclosporin A alone or an equivalent amount of this immunosuppressive agent in
      combination with antilymphocyte serum. The minimum follow-up is 36 months, with
      half the patients developing nephrotoxicity, which was easily reversible in all
      but one. No response could be attributed to either regimen. Cyclosporin A does
      not appear to have a place as primary form of treatment for adults with severe
      acute aplastic anaemia, either on its own or in combination with antilymphocyte
      serum.

PMID- 4041371
TI  - Regulation of erythropoiesis during rapid growth.
AB  - High levels of plasma erythropoiesis stimulating factor(s) (ESF) have been found
      in neonatal WLO-mice during the period of rapid growth. If the high ESF activity
      is due to the concomitant physiological anaemia of infancy alone, it should be
      possible to block erythropoiesis by hypertransfusion. Mice were hypertransfused
      starting on day 14, and killed on day 20. Although hypertransfusion reduced the
      ESF levels by approximately 55% (P less than 0.001), ESF levels were still
      detectable in the cell culture assay used (P less than 0.001). Moreover,
      hypertransfused mice showed active erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, and none
      had a reticulocyte count below 2%. No correlation was found between PCV and ESF
      in the hypertransfused animals (r = 0.07, P greater than 0.5), nor was there any
      difference in weight gain between control and hypertransfused mice (P greater
      than 0.5). These results show that hypertransfusion did not totally supress
      erythropoiesis in neonatal WLO-mice, which is different from hypertransfused
      adult mice. The data indicate that the high plasma ESF found in neonatal WLO-mice
      during the growth period are not due to the anaemia alone. These findings support
      studies indicating that regulation of erythropoiesis in the neonate differs from
      the adult. Factors related to growth per se could be responsible for this
      difference.

PMID- 4041372
TI  - Human mononuclear phagocyte differentiation: a study of the U-937 cell line by
      ultrastructural cytochemistry and surface antigen analysis.
AB  - U-937 represents a well-established permanent human haematopoietic cell line,
      which exhibits characteristics of the monocyte/macrophage series. U-937 cells
      were investigated by peroxidase ultrastructural cytochemistry in order to
      determine the normal developmental stage to which they correspond. This study was
      performed in non- and TPA-stimulated cells, in conjunction with surface analysis
      by monoclonal antibodies. It is concluded: (1) peroxidase-positive U-937 cells
      are monoblasts and promonocytes involved in myeloperoxidase synthesis; (2) TPA
      stimulation caricatures transformation of these cells into monocytes but not into
      resident macrophages, as far as peroxidase cytochemistry is concerned; (3) the
      reactivity of myeloperoxidase present in the endoplasmic reticulum of
      synthesizing cells is inhibited by glutaraldehyde fixation.

PMID- 4041373
TI  - In vitro erythropoietin assay based on erythroid colony formation in fetal mouse
      liver cell culture.
AB  - Critical studies were made on erythroid colony formation from cultured fetal
      mouse liver cells in an attempt to develop a simple and sensitive erythropoietin
      (Epo) assay procedure. The maximum colony formation was observed 24 h after
      plating of the cells when an evident dose-response relation was found for Epo
      added. The colony forming ability decreased steadily as the gestational age of
      the fetus advanced and was gradually lost by postnatal days 10-11. By
      morphological and cytochemical criteria almost all the colonies were found to be
      erythroid. 59Fe-labelling experiments revealed a fairly good correlation between
      the colony number and 59Fe incorporation into both cells and haem. Dose-response
      curves for plasma were parallel to the Epo standard curve. Based on these
      findings we developed a procedure which could measure as little as 0.4 mU of Epo
      without requiring 59Fe. Using this method, plasma Epo titres were determined in
      16 normal and 69 anaemic subjects.

PMID- 4041374
TI  - Endogenous origin of microbiologically-inactive cobalamins (cobalamin analogues)
      in the human fetus.
AB  - The cobalamin content of placenta, maternal and fetal sera was assayed by methods
      which measure microbiologically-active and microbiologically-inactive cobalamins.
      Only microbiologically-active cobalamins were present in the placenta but both
      types were present in both maternal and fetal circulations. We conclude that only
      microbiologically-active cobalamins cross the placenta and that the
      microbiologically inactive cobalamins in the fetus must arise by metabolism in
      situ.

PMID- 4041375
TI  - A novel form of factor VII in plasma from men at risk for cardiovascular disease.
AB  - In the Northwick Park Heart Study high activity of the coagulation factor VII was
      associated with cardiovascular deaths. We confirm here that men at high risk for
      such disease have increased levels of factor VII activity and demonstrate for the
      first time that this is due to a phospholipid-factor VII complex in their plasma.
      This complex increases the specific activity of its factor VII significantly. It
      is not inhibited by a neutralizing antiserum to thromboplastin and thus does not
      represent a factor VII-thromboplastin complex. Gel filtration data suggest an
      apparent Mr of 66-72 000 for the complex. Factor VII in this phospholipid complex
      is more sensitive than native factor VII to the serine protease inhibitor
      diisopropyl-fluorophosphate, consistent with a more accessible active site
      conformation (and a higher specific activity) for factor VII in the complex. The
      level of phospholipid-factor VII complex showed a significant positive
      correlation with plasma triglycerides and correlation of borderline significance
      with cholesterol.

PMID- 4041376
TI  - Characterization of an occult inhibitor to factor IX in a haemophilia B patient.
AB  - Six haemophilia B patients were studied while undergoing infusion with factor IX
      concentrate. All were negative for factor IX antigen (IX:AG) and inhibitor to
      factor IX coagulant activity (IX:C). One patient showed an atypical response
      pattern, with prolonged survival of IX:C and IX:Ag. This patient remained under
      prophylactic treatment and more than 1 year later developed an inhibitor to IX:C
      of clinical significance. Retrospective study revealed that this patient had
      significantly higher levels of circulating immune complexes than other
      haemophilia B patients and in vivo formation of immune complexes containing IX:Ag
      prior to detection of his inhibitor in conventional clotting assays, suggesting
      long-term persistence of an occult inhibitor. The inhibitor was shown to be an
      IgG antibody with both kappa and lambda light chains.

PMID- 4041377
TI  - Idiopathic combined immunocytopenia.
AB  - Four patients with combined immunocytopenia of unknown origin were investigated.
      Two patients with pancytopenia had allo- and autoantibodies against erythrocytes,
      granulocytes and thrombocytes. Two other patients with granulocytopenia and
      thrombocytopenia showed allo- and autoantibodies against granulocytes and
      thrombocytes. All patients went into a transient or persistent remission under
      immunosuppressive therapy. The normalization of peripheral blood correlated with
      the disappearance of antibodies suggesting that the cytopenia was caused by an
      antibody mediated autoimmune mechanism.

PMID- 4041378
TI  - Autoimmune disease in hairy-cell leukaemia: clinical syndromes and treatment.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with hairy-cell leukaemia were retrospectively reviewed for
      the presence of autoimmune disease. Ten definite and two probable cases were
      identified; these patients had positive serologies (immune complexes, antinuclear
      antibodies or rheumatoid factor) or biopsy-proven vasculitis. Clinically, two
      distinct syndromes were recognized. Six patients had joint symptoms, usually
      associated with nodular skin lesions; all responded promptly to therapy. Four
      additional cases had a more severe disease consisting of fevers, malaise, weight
      loss, skin rash, and variable visceral involvement; there was one death in this
      group. There appeared to be no relationship between presence of vasculitis and
      the severity or progression of the underlying malignant disease. We conclude that
      autoimmune disease is much more frequent in hairy-cell leukaemia than has
      previously been recognized, and that the outcome in these syndromes is usually
      good. Although the autoimmune syndrome generally responds promptly to
      splenectomy, corticosteroids, or cytotoxic therapy, failure to recognize this
      complication may lead to increased morbidity and occasional mortality.

PMID- 4041379
TI  - Classification of anaemia on the basis of ferrokinetic parameters.
AB  - Quantitative information on abnormalities of erythropoiesis and mechanisms of
      anaemia has been obtained in 136 anaemic patients by means of ferrokinetic
      studies. To derive a functional classification of anaemia based on ferrokinetic
      parameters, agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and principal coordinate
      analysis were utilized as techniques for unsupervised classification. Two main
      clusters were found and named anaemia with low potential erythropoiesis and with
      high potential erythropoiesis, since the most discriminant parameter between them
      was total erythroid iron turnover, a measure of total erythropoietic activity. A
      value of total erythropoiesis equal to 4 times the normal was found to
      discriminate these two types of anaemia in 94% of cases. Within the group with
      low potential erythropoiesis, three clusters showing different qualitative
      disturbances of erythropoiesis were singled out. Among patients with high
      potential erythropoiesis, two clusters were found. A value of effective
      erythropoiesis equal to 2.5 times the normal was shown to have a high
      discriminant power between these clusters. This threshold level distinguished
      between patients having ineffective erythropoiesis or peripheral haemolysis as
      the major mechanism of anaemia. The present functional classification of anaemia
      provides a complete picture of the different pathogenetic mechanisms and may
      represent the basis for a more rational diagnostic approach to erythroid
      disorders.

PMID- 4041380
TI  - Further observation on post-transfusion purpura (PTP)

PMID- 4041381
TI  - Health assessment of applicants for nurse training.

PMID- 4041382
TI  - Cancer mortality of cadmium workers.
AB  - Several epidemiological studies of workers exposed to cadmium indicate an
      increased risk of lung and prostatic cancer. The increase is statistically
      significant in some of the studies but the SMR is greater than 100 in almost all.
      A cohort study of the mortality among 522 Swedish workers exposed to cadmium for
      at least one year in a nickel-cadmium battery plant support the earlier findings.
      The SMR for lung and prostatic cancer increased with increasing dose and latency
      but did not obtain statistical significance. A combination of all the available
      data from the most recent follow up of causes of death among cadmium workers in
      six different cohorts shows 28 cases of prostatic cancer (SMR = 162) and 195
      cases of lung cancer (SMR = 121). This new analysis suggests that long term, high
      level exposure to cadmium is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The
      role of concomitant exposure to nickel needs further study.

PMID- 4041383
TI  - Job load and hazard analysis: a method for the analysis of workplace conditions
      for occupational health care.
AB  - One requirement for successful occupational health care is reliable information
      on occupational hazards. The aim of this study was to develop a simple,
      standardised method for workplace investigations for use in occupational health
      care. The theoretical framework of the method comprises the stress-strain model,
      the hazard-danger model, and risk behaviour theory. The new method, termed job
      load and hazard analysis, includes four stages: identification of hazards, their
      evaluation, conclusions and proposals, and follow up. Different methods are
      available for hazard identification. The identification starts with a rough
      analysis of five factors, chemical hazards, physical hazards, physical load,
      mental stress, and accident risk. Hazards and stress factors are assessed with an
      ordinal scale. Specialised methods are used if all hazards cannot otherwise be
      identified. The analytical procedure comprises: detection of hazards through
      observations and interviews at the workplace and with a questionnaire; assessment
      of findings as teamwork; and evaluation of the results of these assessments to
      yield conclusions and proposals made by occupational health care personnel. A
      data processing system has been developed for data storage and future use. The
      method has functioned in practice, improving the contents of the occupational
      health care programme and generating preventive measures. The method offers many
      new possibilities for controlling occupational hazards and studying relations
      between working conditions and workers' health.

PMID- 4041384
TI  - A study of white finger in the gas industry.
AB  - Men engaged in breaking or reinstating road surfaces are exposed to vibration
      from mechanical tools. In view of the lack of epidemiological information on
      vibration white finger in such a population, a survey was carried out to identify
      the prevalence of symptoms of white finger in a sample of men using these tools
      in the gas industry and to compare the prevalence with that found in a control
      group not occupationally exposed to vibration. Altogether 905 men (97%) in the
      gas industry and 552 men (92%) in the control group were interviewed, using a
      questionnaire from which the presence or absence of white finger symptoms from
      all causes was noted. The prevalence of white finger was 9.6% in the group
      exposed to vibration at work compared with 9.5% in the control group. The
      prevalence in the former group when adjusted for age differences between the
      survey and control populations was 12.2%, but this difference did not reach
      statistical significance. In case the approach of comparing prevalences of white
      finger from all causes might have obscured any contributory effect of vibration,
      the prevalence of white finger was examined in relation to the number of years
      vibrating tools had been used, this being the only measure of exposure to
      vibration available. No direct association was found between the prevalence of
      symptoms and number of years vibrating tools had been used. In view of this and
      the absence of a significant excess of white finger symptoms in the group using
      vibratory tools, the authors conclude that vibration white finger is not a
      special problem in the gas industry. Nevertheless, experimental tests carried out
      on the different types of roadbreakers used in the industry and on different road
      surfaces indicate that the vibration levels exceed the standards advocated in the
      draft international standard DIS 5349 (1979) at the lower end of the frequency
      spectrum. That no particular problem has been found may be due to the relatively
      short exposures to vibration experienced by the operators or the fact that they
      are able to grip the tools lightly, or even, possibly, that the standards
      suggested in DIS 5349 do not accurately reflect the risk of vibration white
      finger when they are exceeded at the lower end of the frequency spectrum for
      vibrating tools such as roadbreakers.

PMID- 4041385
TI  - Influence of local vibration on plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity.
AB  - This study was designed to obtain basic information about the mechanism of the
      occurrence of muscular disorders after exposure to vibration. The hind legs of
      rats were exposed to acute and chronic local vibration at frequencies of 30, 60,
      120, 240, 480, and 960 Hz with a constant acceleration of 50 m/sec2. The exposure
      time was four hours for acute, and four hours a day for two weeks continuously
      for chronic exposure. Blood was collected after exposure to measure plasma
      creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity. In both exposure groups the activity of
      plasma CPK was significantly higher at 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 Hz compared with
      the control group and was especially high at 30 Hz; there was no significant
      change at 960 Hz. As a result of an analysis of the CPK isoenzymes, the increase
      in plasma CPK activity was shown to be due to the activity of the plasma CPK-MM
      fraction, originating in the skeletal muscle. Plasma CPK activity showed a
      tendency to decrease gradually with the increase in vibration frequency during
      acute exposure but showed no such tendency during chronic exposure. There was no
      remarkable pathohistological change in muscle preparations from the hind legs,
      hence it was presumed that the increase in plasma CPK activity was caused not by
      the morphological changes of muscle but by other mechanisms, such as an increase
      in the permeability of the cell membrane.

PMID- 4041386
TI  - Diethyllead as a specific indicator of occupational exposure to tetraethyllead.
AB  - In a group of 26 workers exposed to tetraethyllead a correlation was found
      between the concentration of tetraethyllead in the air and the concentration of
      diethyllead (r = 0.70) and total lead (r = 0.84) in the urine and also between
      the excretion of diethyllead and total lead (r = 0.68). The results obtained
      indicate that diethyllead may be used as a specific indicator of occupational
      exposure to tetraethyllead.

PMID- 4041388
TI  - Does acute toxicity testing tell us anything useful? Methyl isocyanate as a test
      case.

PMID- 4041387
TI  - An outbreak of illness after occupational exposure to ozone and acid chlorides.
AB  - New labelling processes installed without adequate ventilation control in an
      electric motor factory exposed production line workers to toxic gases. Symptoms
      of eye and respiratory tract irritation together with complaints of headache,
      fever, chills, dizziness, malaise, general weakness, nausea, and vomiting were
      widespread. Chest signs, radiographic abnormalities, reduction in ventilatory
      function, and blood gas abnormalities were found in some cases. Epidemiological
      analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of cases supported an exposure
      effect relationship. Investigations suggested ozone and possibly phosgene and
      associated trichloroacetyl chlorides as the toxic agents that were generated by
      an ultraviolet print curing arrangement and perchloroethylene used as a cleaning
      solvent.

PMID- 4041389
TI  - Lung function measurements over 21 days shiftwork in steelworkers from a
      strandcasting department.
AB  - On the assumption that short term changes in lung function may reflect the
      potential for a long term decline the evolution of lung function indices in 25
      steelworkers from a strandcasting department and in 11 comparable steelworkers
      not exposed to dust was investigated over an almost uninterrupted 21 day working
      period and over three different workshifts. The mean total dust level in the
      strandcasting department, assessed by personal sampling, was 11.8 mg/m3. All
      subjects were examined at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of their
      first (day 1) morning shift (0600 to 1400), their last (day 14) afternoon shift
      (1400 to 2200), and their last (day 21) night shift (2200 to 0600). Indices
      measured were vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
      and in three seconds (FEV3), forced expiratory flow over the middle half of the
      forced vital capacity (FEF25-75), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), the slope of
      the N2 plateau (delta N2) and the closing volume (CV) of the single breath oxygen
      test. Differences in indices between initial values (0600 on day 1) and final
      values (0500 on day 21) were not significant in the control group (except delta
      N2 which became lower); in the casting group there were significant (p less than
      0.05) decreases in FEF25-75 and FEV3, but these decreases were not significantly
      greater than in the control group. Lung function changes were not significant in
      either group over the morning shift. During the afternoon there were significant
      decreases in spirometric indices in the casting group, with no significant
      decreases in the control group, but the interactions between exposure and time
      were generally not significant. During the night shift, however, the decreases in
      FEV1 and FEF25-75 observed in the strandcasting group were significantly more
      pronounced than in the control group. The single breath test, which many subjects
      failed to perform correctly on each occasion, showed no significant changes in
      closing volumes, and an "improvement" of delta N2 over the morning and the night
      shift in the control but not the exposed subjects needs to be interpreted with
      caution. The more pronounced decrease in spirometric indices, suggestive of
      slight airways obstruction, found over the night shift in the strandcasting
      workers is attributed to their working environment.

PMID- 4041391
TI  - Gastric cancer in coal miners: a case-control study in a coal mining area.
AB  - In collaboration with three pathology departments a case-control study was
      conducted in the southern part of the Netherlands to investigate the risk of
      gastric cancer in coal miners. Between 1 January 1973 and 31 December 1983, 323
      male patients were diagnosed as having a malignant neoplasm of the stomach. For
      each case a control was selected from the same pathology department, matched on
      year of birth and regardless of diagnosis. The archives of the Central Coal
      Miners Pension Fund were searched to obtain information about whether or not a
      patient had ever worked for a coal mining company in the Netherlands. Twenty two
      per cent of the patients had been registered as an underground coal miner,
      compared with 20% of the control group (odds ratio of 1.14, 95% confidence
      interval: 0.33-1.73). Those with gastric cancer who had ever worked underground
      in a coal mine did so for an average period of 16.9 years compared with an
      average of 19.7 years in the control group. The study gives no indication that
      the underground workers of the Dutch coal mines had a raised risk of developing a
      malignant neoplasm of the stomach.

PMID- 4041392
TI  - Quantitative mineralogical analysis of small samples of china clay using x ray
      diffractometry.
AB  - The quantitative mineralogical analysis of small samples (less than 20 mg) of
      china clay has been investigated using x ray diffractometry to determine
      kaolinite, mica, quartz, and feldspar. A method has been developed and applied to
      the quantitative analysis of airborne dust samples and of other small discrete
      samples. Determinations were made either on samples after collection on a
      membrane filter or on samples after deposition from aqueous suspension on to a
      silver substrate. Quantitative analysis was hindered by preferred orientation of
      the kaolinite and of the mica particles that occurs when using these methods of
      specimen preparation. Quartz and feldspar were determined direct from prepared
      calibration graphs. Preferred orientation of the mica particles leads to serious
      interference with the most sensitive quartz x ray diffraction peak which, if not
      recognised, will result in an overestimation of the quartz content. Kaolinite and
      mica were determined from the ratio of their most intense x ray diffraction peak
      areas to overcome the preferred orientation effects observed for these two
      minerals. During the investigation, the opportunity arose for comparative
      measurements of quartz contents of airborne dust samples with the Occupational
      Medicine and Hygiene Laboratories of the Health and Safety Executive. The mass of
      specimen examined varied between 0.8 mg and 20 mg and the quartz contents varied
      between 0.1% and 1.2%. The comparative results were in good agreement.

PMID- 4041390
TI  - Protective effect of selenium on lung cancer in smelter workers.
AB  - A possible protective effect of selenium against lung cancer has been indicated
      in recent studies. Workers in copper smelters are exposed to a combination of
      airborne selenium and carcinogens. In this study lung tissue concentrations of
      selenium, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lanthanum, and lead from
      76 dead copper smelter workers were compared with those of 15 controls from a
      rural area and 10 controls from an urban area. The mean exposure time for the
      dead workers was 31.2 years, and the mean retirement time after the end of
      exposure 7.2 years. Lung cancer appeared in the workers with the lowest selenium
      lung tissue levels (selenium median value 71 micrograms/kg wet weight), as
      compared with both the controls (rural group, median value 110; urban group,
      median value 136) and other causes of death among the workers (median value 158).
      The quotient between the metals and selenium was used for comparison: a high
      quotient indicating a low protective effect of selenium and vice versa. The
      median values of the quotients between antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lanthanum,
      lead, chromium, and cobalt versus selenium were all numerically higher among the
      cases of lung cancer, the first five significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in
      28 of the 35 comparisons between the lung cancer group and all other groups of
      smelter workers and controls. The different lung metal concentrations for each
      person were weighted according to their carcinogenic potency (Crx4 + Asx3 + Cdx2
      + Sbx1 + Cox1 + Lax1 + Pbx1) against their corresponding selenium concentrations.
      From these calculations the protective effect of selenium was even more
      pronounced.

PMID- 4041393
TI  - Dissolution of metals by human and rabbit alveolar macrophages.
AB  - The ability of human and rabbit alveolar macrophages to dissolve 0.1-0.5 micron
      MnO2 particles in vitro was compared. The amount of Mn added and dissolved from
      the particles over periods of nought, one, and three days was determined by flame
      atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The amount dissolved by human and rabbit
      macrophages was similar; on average 43.1% and 43.9%, respectively, were dissolved
      within three days. But rabbit and human macrophages dissolved significantly more
      Mn than was dissolved in the respective culture medium without macrophages after
      one and three days. It is suggested that the dissolution of particles by alveolar
      macrophages should be one basic component in any model of alveolar clearance of
      inorganic particles.

PMID- 4041394
TI  - Risk factors for radiogenic cancer: a comparison of factors derived from the
      Hanford survey with those recommended by the ICRP.

PMID- 4041395
TI  - Zinc deficiency is not a cause for abortion, congenital abnormality and small-for
      gestational age infant in Chinese women.
AB  - Zinc concentration in serum and hair was measured in a cross-sectional study of
      437 Chinese women of whom 310 were normal controls studied at various stages of
      pregnancy and up to 12 months after delivery. The rest had spontaneous abortions,
      fetuses with a birthweight below the 10th centile for gestation or congenital
      abnormalities. Zinc concentration fell throughout normal pregnancy, the fall
      being greater in serum than in hair. There was no correlation between serum and
      hair levels. The infant birthweight had a positive correlation with serum level
      but a negative correlation with hair level. Abortion, low birthweight and
      congenital abnormality were not associated with low concentrations of zinc in
      plasma or hair.

PMID- 4041396
TI  - The effects of oral iron supplementation on zinc and magnesium levels during
      pregnancy.
AB  - Serial changes in serum zinc and magnesium concentrations have been studied
      before conception, throughout pregnancy and at 12 weeks postpartum in 15 normal
      healthy women not receiving iron supplementation, 10 women receiving iron
      supplementation but otherwise having healthy pregnancies and five insulin
      dependent diabetics who also received oral iron. Relative to pre-pregnancy values
      zinc concentrations progressively decreased throughout pregnancy reaching a nadir
      at 36 weeks gestation followed by an increase; pre-pregnancy values were achieved
      by 12 weeks postpartum. Magnesium concentrations also decreased throughout
      pregnancy reaching a nadir at 32 weeks gestation increasing thereafter again with
      pre-pregnancy values achieved by 12 weeks postpartum. Iron supplementation in non
      diabetic and diabetic women had no significant effect upon the changes in serum
      concentration of either zinc or magnesium. These results suggest that the
      decrease in the concentrations of both elements is a normal physiological
      adjustment to pregnancy and that iron supplementation does not influence these
      changes.

PMID- 4041397
TI  - Fetal blood chromosome analysis: some new indications for prenatal karyotyping.
AB  - Prenatal karyotyping using stimulated fetal blood lymphocytes was undertaken in
      170 pregnancies between 16 and 36 weeks gestation for the following reasons-
      mosaicism or marker chromosomes found in amniotic fluid culture; a family history
      of X-linked mental retardation with fragile Xq28; fetal abnormalities detected
      ultrasonographically; late booking or amniotic fluid culture failure in patients
      with advanced age or balanced translocations; and twin pregnancies discordant for
      a chromosomal anomaly. Forty-one karyotypic abnormalities were detected (24%).
      These were: 45,X (7 cases), trisomy 13 (5 cases), trisomy 18 (6 cases), trisomy
      21 (4 cases), twin pregnancy where one twin had trisomy 21 (1 case),
      supernumerary marker chromosome (3 cases, one of which occurred in a twin
      pregnancy), triploidy (3 cases), X-linked mental retardation with fragile site at
      Xq28 in males (6 cases), fetal erythroleukaemia (3 cases including 2 cases with
      Turner's), Fanconi's anaemia (1 case), unbalanced chromosome translocation
      47,XY+der22,t(11;22) mat (1 case), mos 46,XX18p-/46,XX,-18+i(18q) (1 case),
      46,XXdel(2q) (1 case), and 46,XYt(5;17) de novo (1 case). In fetuses at high risk
      of a chromosome aberration, a rapidly obtained karyotype is helpful and fetoscopy
      and fetal blood sampling are justified in the second or third trimester.

PMID- 4041398
TI  - The repetition of spontaneous preterm labour.
AB  - The likelihood of repetition of preterm birth after spontaneous onset of labour
      has been studied in 6572 reproductive careers after excluding stillbirths,
      multiple births, all careers in which any labour had been induced, and all
      careers in which the gestation length in any pregnancy was not certain. The
      analysis was controlled not only for pregnancy number, but for the nature of the
      reproductive outcomes. In most reproductive sequences there was a weak
      correlation between the gestation in one pregnancy and subsequent ones. The risk
      of preterm birth was tripled after one previous preterm birth with or without a
      preceding abortion, and increased six-fold after two previous preterm births.
      However, the attributable risk was low, and most multiparae with preterm births
      did not have a previous history.

PMID- 4041399
TI  - The assessment of persistent bradycardia in prenatal life.
AB  - Twelve patients with persistent fetal bradycardia were referred for
      echocardiographic assessment; in 10 patients the fetus had complete heart block,
      six isolated and four with associated structural heart disease. In the remaining
      two patients an atrial arrhythmia was producing a fetal sinus bradycardia.
      Complete heart block with structural heart disease has a poor prognosis. Isolated
      complete heart block has a good prognosis if the pregnancy is carefully managed.
      A sinus bradycardia due to atrial ectopic beats is a benign arrhythmia.
      Echocardiographic assessment of the heart can give an accurate prognosis in fetal
      bradycardia and provide a basis for appropriate obstetric management.

PMID- 4041401
TI  - The outlook for women with borderline epithelial tumours of the ovary.
AB  - Seventy-two women with borderline epithelial tumours of the ovary have been
      followed up for between 3 and 9 years. Patients with disease confined to one or
      both ovaries had a good prognosis, irrespective of histological type. When extra
      ovarian spread was present at the time of diagnosis, neither the histological
      type nor the amount of residual tumour predicted the long-term outcome in
      individual patients.

PMID- 4041400
TI  - Gestation sac size in in-vitro fertilization pregnancies.
AB  - The gestation sac size in pregnancies resulting from in-vitro fertilization (IVF)
      and embryo transfer have been compared with those in spontaneous pregnancies.
      Small-for-dates gestational sac sizes were found in 36% of the IVF pregnancies.
      This proportion held for both singleton and multiple pregnancies. With increasing
      gestation beyond 8 weeks the gestation sac volume increasingly approached normal.
      In contrast to spontaneous conceptions, IVF pregnancies had a low rate of
      pregnancy loss once fetal heart movements were demonstrated, when the gestation
      sac size was small-for-dates. Small sac size in an IVF pregnancy may lead to the
      misdiagnosis of a failed pregnancy.

PMID- 4041403
TI  - Entrapment of the fetal head in a unilateral imperforate vagina in association
      with complete duplication of uterus and cervix. Case report.

PMID- 4041402
TI  - Spironolactone in combination with an oral contraceptive: an alternative
      treatment for hirsutism.
AB  - The clinical efficacy of a combination of spironolactone and an oral
      contraceptive pill (Conova 30) was assessed in 23 patients presenting with
      hirsutism of whom 20 completed 6 months of treatment. Of the 20 patients, 16
      showed improvement on objective (Ferriman & Gallwey hair score) and subjective
      assessment. Serum levels of androgens (testosterone, androstenedione and 17
      hydroxy progesterone) were suppressed and sex hormone binding globulins were
      elevated. Nausea was the only significant side effect.

PMID- 4041404
TI  - Beware of the 'plum'--ureterocele. Case report.

PMID- 4041405
TI  - Pancreatic lipase and phospholipase A2 concentration in amniotic fluid and the
      prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4041406
TI  - Obstetric aspects of Gaucher's disease.

PMID- 4041407
TI  - The sex ratio of infants born after hormonal induction of ovulation.

PMID- 4041408
TI  - Rapid, reliable diagnosis of chlamydial ophthalmia by means of monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - The use of fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody (Syva, UK) provided a rapid
      reliable diagnostic test for Chlamydia trachomatis in conjunctival samples from
      100 adults with acute follicular conjunctivitis and seven babies with suspected
      chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum. Elementary bodies (EBs) were seen in smears
      from 11 of the adults, and culture confirmed C. trachomatis infection in nine of
      them. Both tests were positive with specimens from four of the neonates. No
      specimens from either group of patients produced a negative result in the smear
      test but a positive result by culture. However, the two adult patients with
      chlamydial ophthalmia who had negative cultures but were EB-positive had both had
      prior topical tetracycline therapy.

PMID- 4041409
TI  - Treatment of experimental lens capsular tears with intense focused ultrasound.
AB  - High-intensity focused ultrasound was employed to seal lens capsular tears in a
      rabbit model. Ultrasound therapy was applied either contiguously, thereby
      completely covering the tear, or in a discrete exposure pattern around the tear.
      Both methods prevented the formation of a generalised cataract. This was in
      contrast to results observed in a group of control (untreated) animals which all
      developed generalised lens opacities. Each control animal also developed a local
      lens opacity at the site of the capsular tear, as did half the animals treated
      with the discrete pattern. No animal treated with contiguous exposures developed
      any local or generalised traumatic-type cataract other than the small lens
      opacity immediately produced by the treatment. These treatment cataracts would
      not constitute a significant impediment to vision so long as they did not fall on
      the visual axis.

PMID- 4041410
TI  - Retinal detachment following extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior
      chamber intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - Fourteen cases of primary retinal detachment after extracapsular cataract
      extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were treated by
      scleral buckling surgery. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 100% of the cases.
      All eyes had a postoperative visual acuity of 6/30 or better; in six eyes the
      visual acuity was 6/12 or better. We attributed our high anatomical success rate
      to early detection of the retinal detachment, good visibility of the retinal
      breaks, lack of inflammatory reaction in the vitreous body, and preoperative
      absence of fixed retinal folds and preretinal membranes.

PMID- 4041411
TI  - Shifting subretinal fluid in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
AB  - In a consecutive series of 470 cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 25 (5%)
      were found to have shifting subretinal fluid (SRF) at the preoperative
      examination. The study showed that the association between SRF and rhegmatogenous
      retinal detachment is unusual but not rare. Shifting SRF was most often
      associated with aphakic and longstanding retinal detachment, and found in cases
      in which the retinal holes were small.

PMID- 4041412
TI  - Changes at the periphery of a lesion in necrotising scleritis: anterior segment
      fluorescein angiography correlated with electron microscopy.
AB  - Anterior segment fluorescein angiography in scleral disease reveals highly
      characteristic changes in the vasculature of the anterior segment associated with
      necrotising scleritis. The vaso-obliterative changes discovered in this
      investigation have been correlated with the histopathology in a patient who had
      to have tissue replaced. Light and electron microscopy of scleral tissue excised
      from sites of vascular closure detected by fluorescein angiography peripheral to
      the scleral defect revealed pathological changes in the absence of inflammatory
      cell infiltration. These changes included vascular stasis, partial vaso
      obliteration, and fibroblastic transformation of scleral fibrocytes in
      association with intra- and extracellular degradation of the collagenous
      component of the matrix.

PMID- 4041413
TI  - Family studies in glaucoma.
AB  - Two groups of patients with a family history of chronic open-angle glaucoma were
      compared with a normal population of 5919 individuals studied during the Bedford
      Glaucoma Survey. The mean screening intraocular pressure was significantly raised
      in both groups with a family history of chronic open-angle glaucoma. The
      prevalence rate of a raised intraocular pressure was 3.81 times that found in the
      normal population. This relationship was maintained when age-dependent prevalence
      rates were evaluated. No correlation between raised intraocular pressure and type
      of familial involvement could be determined. A 10- to 12-year follow-up of one
      group with a family history for open-angle glaucoma (101 patients) showed that 3%
      developed confirmed glaucoma, while an additional 5.9% were diagnosed as
      suspected chronic open-angle glaucoma. A letter survey of this group showed that
      9 out of 63 respondents knew of additional family members who developed glaucoma
      over this 10-12-year period.

PMID- 4041414
TI  - The ocular pulse and intraocular pressure as a screening test for carotid artery
      stenosis.
AB  - The ocular pulse and applanation tension were measured with a recording
      applanation tonometer in 38 patients suspected of having internal carotid artery
      stenosis. Abnormalities of the ocular pulse amplitude, intraocular pressure, or
      combinations of these two measurements were found in 23 (82%) of 28 patients who
      were subsequently found to have angiographic evidence of 50% or more stenosis of
      one or both internal carotid arteries. Of 10 patients without angiographic
      evidence of carotid stenosis the ocular pulse amplitude, intraocular pressure, or
      both were abnormal in five, but two patients had an ocular cause for abnormality
      and two of the remaining three had evidence of carotid disease in the form of
      atheromatous plaques. These results suggest that measurement of the amplitude of
      the ocular pulse in addition to the intraocular pressure can predict the presence
      of carotid artery stenosis and indicate the need for further investigation. If a
      tonometer capable of measuring the pulse amplitude was used routinely in
      ophthalmic examinations, it would provide a useful screening test for the early
      diagnosis and treatment of carotid artery disease and might thereby reduce the
      frequency of strokes.

PMID- 4041415
TI  - Transient monocular obscuration--?amaurosis fugax: a case report.
AB  - A 73-year-old white man with pseudophakia experienced repeated bouts of transient
      visual loss associated with erythropsia and colour desaturation. A diagnosis of
      atheromatous carotid vascular disease was considered, prompting carotid
      angiography, during which time the patient experienced transient aphasia.
      Subsequent examination during an episode of visual loss showed that a spontaneous
      anterior chamber haemorrhage was the cause of the visual complaints.

PMID- 4041416
TI  - Bilateral macular dysplasia ('colobomata') and congenital retinal dystrophy.
AB  - Three unrelated patients with bilateral macular dysplasia ('colobomata') with no
      relevant family history were found to have absent or substantially abnormal
      electroretinograms, implying that there was an associated retinal dystrophy. This
      may suggest that the macular lesions are associated with a global failure of
      retinal development, with a regional preponderance rather than a purely localised
      cause such as an intrauterine infection. It is important to distinguish between
      congenital infections such as toxoplasmosis and developmental macular colobomata,
      which have a somewhat similar ophthalmoscopic appearance as a cause of bilateral
      macular abnormalities seen in young children, since they have different
      implications for genetic advice and future ophthalmic care.

PMID- 4041418
TI  - Congenital fistulae of the lacrimal gland.
AB  - A 15-year-old female was found on routine clinical examination to have bilateral
      asymptomatic congenital fistulae of the lacrimal glands. The fistulae opened into
      the conjunctival sac at the external canthus of both eyes. Temporary occlusion of
      these openings produced an immediate and significant reduction in tear secretion
      in both eyes.

PMID- 4041417
TI  - Recurrent visual loss in homozygous sickle cell disease.
AB  - In sickle cell retinopathy vascular involvement is most frequently recognised at
      the retinal periphery, but obstruction of perimacular arterioles and of major
      retinal vessels may also occur. This report describes a patient with homozygous
      sickle cell (SS) disease with recurrent occlusion of major retinal vessels
      associated with recurring transient impairment of visual function.

PMID- 4041419
TI  - Proton nuclear Overhauser effect investigation of the heme pockets in ligated
      hemoglobin: conformational differences between oxy and carbonmonoxy forms.
AB  - Proton nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements have been used extensively to
      investigate the detailed conformations of peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids
      in the solution state. However, much of the published work has dealth with
      molecules of molecular weight less than 15 000. It is generally thought that
      specific NOEs cannot be observed in larger molecules (due to spin diffusion), so
      that NOE is of little use in conformational studies of such systems. By use of
      truncated-driven NOE with an irradiation time of 100 ms, specific NOEs are
      observed in a protein of the size of human normal adult hemoglobin (Hb A, 65 000
      daltons). This technique has permitted us to assign several proton proton
      resonances arising from heme groups and from amino acid residues situated in the
      vicinity of the ligand binding site (such as E7 histidine and E11 valine) of the
      alpha and beta chains of Hb A. In addition, two-dimensional 1H[1H] J-correlated
      spectroscopy (COSY) experiments as well as theoretical ring-current calculations
      have confirmed the spectral assignments obtained by the one-dimensional NOE
      experiments. These new results not only have permitted us to map the heme pockets
      and to investigate the conformational differences in the heme pockets between oxy
      and carbonmonoxy forms of Hb A but also have demonstrated that the technique of
      truncated-driven NOE can be used to investigate the detailed conformations of
      selected regions in larger macromolecules in a way heretofore thought not to be
      feasible.

PMID- 4041420
TI  - NMR relaxation of protein and water protons in diamagnetic hemoglobin solutions.
AB  - We have measured T1 and T2 of protein and water protons in hemoglobin solutions
      using broad-line pulse techniques; selective excitation and detection methods
      enabled the intrinsic protein and water relaxation rates, as well as the spin
      transfer rate between them, to be obtained at 5, 10, and 20 MHz. Water and
      protein T1 data were also obtained at 100 and 200 MHz for hemoglobin in H2O/D2O
      mixtures by using commercial Fourier-transform instruments. The T1 data conform
      to a simple model of two well-mixed spin systems with single intrinsic relaxation
      times and an average spin-transfer rate, with each phase recovering from a radio
      frequency excitation with a biexponential time dependence. At low frequencies,
      protein T1 and T2 agree reasonably with a model of dipolar relaxation of an array
      of fixed protons tumbling in solution, explicitly calculating methyl and
      methylene relaxation and using a continuum approximation for the others.
      Differing values in H2O and D2O are mainly ascribed to solvent viscosity. For
      water-proton relaxation, T1, T2, and spin transfer were measured for H2O and HDO,
      which enabled a separation of inter-and intramolecular contributions to
      relaxation. Despite such detail, few firm conclusions could be reached about
      hydration water. But it seems clear that few long-lived hydration sites are
      needed to explain T1 and T2, and the spin-transfer value mandates fewer than five
      sites with a lifetime longer than 10(-8) s.

PMID- 4041421
TI  - Effects of human fibrinogen and its cleavage products on activation of human
      plasminogen by streptokinase.
AB  - The influence of human fibrinogen (Fg) and its terminal plasminolytic digestion
      products, fragment D and fragment E, on the kinetics of activation of human
      plasminogen (Pg) by catalytic levels of streptokinase (SK) has been investigated.
      Both Fg and fragment D enhanced the rates of activation of human Glu1-Pg, Lys77
      Pg, and Val442-Pg. Fragment E was refractive in this regard. In the case of Glu1
      Pg, the Km for activation by SK, 0.4 microM, was not affected by the presence of
      Fg or fragment D. The kcat for this same reaction, 0.12 s-1, was elevated to 0.3
      s-1 at saturating levels of these effector molecules. On the other hand, the Km
      for activation of Lys77-Pg, 0.5 microM, was decreased to 0.09 microM, whereas the
      kcat, 0.33 s-1, was not altered in the presence of saturating concentrations of
      Fg or fragment D. In the case of Val442-Pg, the Km for this same activation, 2.0
      microM, was lowered to 0.4 microM and 0.25 microM in the presence of Fg and
      fragment D, respectively. The kcat for this process, 1.0 s-1, was unchanged in
      the presence of these agents. The concentrations of Fg (KFg) and fragment D (KFD)
      that led to half-maximal stimulation of the activation rates were determined. For
      Fg with Glu1-Pg, Lys77-Pg, and Val442-Pg, the KFg values were 0.08 microM, 0.14
      microM, and 0.17 microM, respectively. The KFD values for these same plasminogens
      were 0.25 microM, 2.0 microM, and 1.7 microM, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041422
TI  - Pressure-induced conformational changes in a human Bence-Jones protein (Mcg).
AB  - The effect of high static pressures on the internal structure of the
      immunoglobulin light chain (Bence-Jones) dimer from the patient Mcg was assessed
      with measurements of intrinsic protein fluorescence polarization and intensity.
      Depolarization of intrinsic fluorescence was observed at relatively low pressures
      (less than 2 kbar), with a standard volume change of -93 mL/mol. The significant
      conformational changes indicated by these observations were not attributable to
      major protein unfolding, since pressures exceeding 2 kbar were required to alter
      intrinsic fluorescence emission maxima and yields. Fluorescence intensity and
      polarization measurements were used to investigate pressure effects on the
      binding of bis(8-anilino-naphthalene-1-sulfonate) (bis-ANS), rhodamine 123, and
      bis(N-methylacridinium nitrate) (lucigenin). Below 1.5 kbar the Mcg dimer
      exhibited a small decrease in affinity for bis-ANS (standard volume change
      approximately 5.9 mL/mol). At 3 kbar the binding activity increased by greater
      than 250-fold (volume change -144 mL/mol) and remained 10-fold higher than its
      starting value after decompression. With rhodamine 123 the binding activity
      showed an initial linear increase but plateaued at pressures greater than 1.5
      kbar (standard volume change -23 mL/mol). These pressure effects were completely
      reversible. Binding activity with lucigenin increased slightly at low pressures
      (standard volume change -5.5 mL/mol), but the protein was partially denatured at
      pressures greater than 2 kbar. Taken in concert with the results of parallel
      binding studies in crystals of the Mcg dimer, these observations support the
      concept of a large malleable binding region with broad specificity for aromatic
      compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041423
TI  - 13C NMR study of the ionizations within a trypsin-chloromethyl ketone inhibitor
      complex.
AB  - 13C NMR is used to detect ionizations within a trypsin-chloromethyl ketone
      inhibitor complex. The pKa values observed are compared with those predicted by
      free-energy relationships. For the denatured/autolyzed inhibitor complex, a pKa =
      5.26 is observed, which is assigned to the ionization of the imidazole of
      histidine-57. For the intact inhibitor complex a pKa = 7.88 is determined. This
      pKa is assigned to the ionization of the hemiketal hydroxyl (pKa = 7.88-8.1) and
      provides the first direct evidence that the serine proteases are able to
      stabilize the oxyanion of tetrahedral adducts. Indirect evidence is adduced that
      the imidazole pK1 of histidine-57 is greater than or equal to 8.1. Line
      broadening studies suggest that there may be extra fast exchange line broadening,
      which could result from rapid tautomeric exchange between neutral and
      zwitterionic species within the inhibitor complex. The significance of these
      results for the catalytic mechanism of serine proteases is discussed.

PMID- 4041424
TI  - Structure of metal-nucleotide complexes bound to creatine kinase: 31P NMR
      measurements using Mn(II) and Co(II).
AB  - The structures of metal-nucleotide complexes bound to rabbit muscle creatine
      kinase have been studied by making measurements of paramagnetic effects of two
      dissimilar activating paramagnetic cations, Mn(II) and Co(II), on the spin
      relaxation rates of the 31P nuclei of ATP and ADP in these complexes. The
      experiments were performed on enzyme-bound complexes, thereby limiting the
      contributions to the observed relaxation rate to two exchanging complexes (with
      and without the cation). Measurements were made as a function of temperature in
      the range 5-35 degrees C and at three 31P NMR frequencies, 81, 121.5, and 190.2
      MHz, in order to determine the effect of exchange on the observed relaxation
      rates. The relaxation rates in E X MnADP and E X MnATP are independent of
      frequency, and their temperature variation yields activation energies (delta E)
      in the range 5-8 kcal/mol; in the transition-state analogue complex E X MnADP X
      NO3- X Cre (Cre is creatine), delta E is increased to 17.3 kcal/mol. These
      results demonstrate that the relaxation rates in the Mn(II) complexes are
      exchange limited and are incapable of providing structural data. It is shown
      further that use of line-width measurements to estimate the lifetime of the
      paramagnetic complex leads to incorrect results. The relaxation rates in E X
      CoADP and E X CoATP exhibit frequency dependence and delta E values in the range
      1-3 kcal/mol; i.e., these rates depend on the Co(II)-31P distances, whereas those
      in the E X CoADP X NO3- X Cre complex have delta E approximately 18 kcal/mol and
      are significantly contributed by exchange.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041425
TI  - Interaction of zinc ions with arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A.
AB  - The interaction between arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A ([(Azo-CPD)Zn])
      and excess zinc ions has been studied by stopped-flow and spectrophotometric
      methods at pH 8.2 and 7.7, I = 0.5 M (NaCl), and 25 degrees C. When excess zinc
      ions bind to arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A, the characteristic red
      color, which arises from the intramolecular complex of the arsanilazotyrosine-248
      residue with the active site zinc of the enzyme, changes to yellow with the
      inhibition of peptidase activity of the enzyme. Excess zinc ions have two binding
      sites for arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A, and the binding constants of
      the first site (3.9 X 10(5) M-1 at pH 8.2; 7.1 X 10(4) M-1 at pH 7.7) are much
      larger than those of the second site (1.8 X 10(3) M-1 at pH 8.2; 7 X 10(2) M-1 at
      pH 7.7). The binding of excess zinc ions to the first site is completely
      correlated with the inhibition of the enzyme peptidase activity and the color
      change of the enzyme. The results can be understood in terms of zinc ions
      reacting with only one of three conformational states of arsanilazotyrosine-248
      carboxypeptidase A [Harrison, L. W., Auld, D. S., & Vallee, B. L. (1975) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 4356].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041426
TI  - Mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase: active site modification
      by 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine.
AB  - Membrane-bound and purified mitochondrial energy-linked nicotinamide nucleotide
      transhydrogenase (TH) was inhibited by incubation with 5'-[p
      (fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine (FSBA), which is an analogue of TH substrates
      and their competitive inhibitors, namely, 5'-, 2'-, or 3'-AMP. NAD(H) and
      analogues, NADP, 5'-AMP, 5'-ADP, and 2'-AMP/3'-AMP mixed isomers protected TH
      against inhibition by FSBA, but NADPH accelerated the inhibition rate. In the
      absence of protective ligands or in the presence of NADP, FSBA appeared to modify
      the NAD(H) binding site of TH, because, unlike unmodified TH, the enzyme modified
      by FSBA under these conditions did not bind to an NAD-affinity column (NAD
      agarose). However, when the NAD(H) binding site of TH was protected in the
      presence of 5'-AMP or NAD, then FSBA modification resulted in an inhibited enzyme
      that did bind to NAD-agarose, suggesting FSBA modification of the NADP(H) binding
      site or an essential residue outside the active site. [3H]FSBA was covalently
      bound to TH, and complete inhibition corresponded to the binding of about 0.5 mol
      of [3H]FSBA/mol of TH. Since purified TH is known to be dimeric in the isolated
      state, this binding stoichiometry suggests half-of-the-sites reactivity. A
      similar binding stoichiometry was found earlier for complete inhibition of TH by
      [14C]DCCD [Phelps, D.C., & Hatefi, Y. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 4475-4480]. The
      active site directed labeling of TH by radioactive FSBA should allow isolation of
      appropriate peptides for sequence analysis of the NAD(H) and possibly the NADP(H)
      binding domains.

PMID- 4041427
TI  - Effect of ethanol on mucus glycoprotein fatty acyltransferase from gastric
      mucosa.
AB  - The enzyme activity that catalyzes the transfer of palmitic acid from palmitoyl
      coenzyme A to the deacylated intact or deglycosylated gastric mucus glycoprotein
      was demonstrated in the detergent extracts of the microsomal fraction of antral
      and body mucosa of the rat stomach. Both types of mucosa exhibited similar
      acyltransferase activities and acceptor specificities. A 10-14% decrease in the
      fatty acyltransferase activity was observed with the reduced and S
      carboxymethylated mucus glycoprotein, but the proteolytically degraded
      glycoprotein showed no acceptor capacity. This indicated that the acylation of
      mucus glycoprotein with fatty acids occurs at its nonglycosylated polypeptide
      regions and that some of the fatty acids may be linked via thiol esters. Optimum
      enzyme activity was obtained at pH 7.4 with the detergent Triton X-100, NaF, and
      dithiothreitol. The apparent Km values for the intact and deglycosylated mucus
      glycoproteins were 0.45 and 0.89 microM, respectively. The acyltransferase
      activity of the microsomal enzyme was inhibited by ethanol. With both intact and
      deglycosylated glycoprotein substrates, the rate of inhibition was proportional
      to the ethanol concentration up to 0.4 M and was of the competitive type. The K1
      values were 0.80 microM for the intact mucus glycoprotein and 1.82 microM for the
      deglycosylated glycoprotein. Preincubation of the microsomal enzyme with low
      concentrations of ethanol (up to 0.5 M) did not seem to exert any additional
      deterrent effect on acyltransferase activity. Higher concentrations of ethanol
      (1.0 M and above), however, caused substantial reduction in the transferase
      activity due to denaturation of the enzyme.

PMID- 4041428
TI  - Blood group A determinants with mono- and difucosyl type 1 chain in human
      erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - Application of a monoclonal antibody defining monofucosyl type 1 chain A (AH21)
      revealed the presence of a glycolipid having the same thin-layer chromatography
      mobility as Aa but showing a clear reactivity with AH21. This glycolipid was
      detectable in Lea-b- erythrocytes but not in Lea+b- or Lea-b+ erythrocytes.
      Another monoclonal antibody defining difucosyl type 1 chain A (HH3) detected the
      presence of a glycolipid component reacting with this antibody in Lea-b+
      erythrocytes but not in Lea+b- or Lea-b- erythrocytes. The component defined by
      monoclonal antibody AH21 and that defined by HH3 were isolated and characterized
      by 1H NMR spectrometry and methylation analysis as having the structures
      (Formula: see text) The 1H NMR spectra of these glycolipid antigens were
      characterized by resonances for anomeric protons that are identical with those of
      glycolipids with type 1 chain previously isolated but distinctively different
      from those of type 2 chain analogues. Resonances reflecting ceramide composition
      are characteristic for these antigens from human erythrocytes and are
      distinguishable from those of the same antigen from other sources.

PMID- 4041429
TI  - A small hydrophobic domain that localizes human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase
      in liposomal membranes is cleaved by papain digestion.
AB  - A small hydrophobic domain in isolated human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase is
      responsible for the interaction of this enzyme with detergent micelles and the
      aggregation of the enzyme on removal of detergent. Papain has been shown to
      cleave this hydrophobic domain and to generate a fully active hydrophilic enzyme
      that shows no tendency to interact with detergents or to aggregate [Dutta
      Choudhury, T.A., & Rosenberry, T.L. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5653-5660]. We
      report here that the intact enzyme could be reconstituted into phospholipid
      liposomes while the papain-disaggregated enzyme showed no capacity for
      reconstitution. More than 80% of the enzyme reconstituted into small liposomes
      could be released by papain digestion as the hydrophilic form. Papain was less
      effective in releasing the enzyme from large liposomes that were probably
      multilamellar. In a novel application of affinity chromatography on acridinium
      resin, enzyme reconstituted into small liposomes in the presence of excess
      phospholipid was purified to a level of 1 enzyme molecule per 4000 phospholipid
      molecules, a ratio expected if each enzyme molecule was associated with a small,
      unilamellar liposome. Subunits in the hydrophilic enzyme form released from
      reconstituted liposomes by papain digestion showed a mass decrease of about 2
      kilodaltons relative to the intact subunits according to acrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, a difference similar to that observed
      previously following papain digestion of the soluble enzyme aggregates. The data
      were consistent with the hypothesis that the same hydrophobic domain in the
      enzyme is responsible for the interaction of the enzyme with detergent micelles,
      the aggregation of the enzyme in the absence of detergent, and the incorporation
      of the enzyme into reconstituted phospholipid membranes.

PMID- 4041430
TI  - Parameters affecting low-pH-mediated fusion of liposomes with the plasma membrane
      of cells infected with influenza virus.
AB  - Unilamellar liposomes can be fused at low pH with the plasma membrane of cells
      that express the hemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza virus on their surface
      [van Meer, G., & Simons, K. (1983) J. Cell Biol. 97, 1365-1374]. Here, we have
      resolved this fusion process into two kinetically distinct steps. The first and
      more rapid step converts the bound liposome to a form that can no longer be
      released by neuraminidase. The second step is the actual membrane fusion as
      measured by the loss of resonance energy transfer between two liposomal
      fluorescent phospholipids, N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4
      yl)dioleoylphosphatidylethanolami ne (N-NBD-PE) and N-(lissamine rhodamine B
      sulfonyl)dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (N-Rh-PE). In contrast to the first
      step, the rate of the second one was highly dependent on the liposomal lipid
      composition and the cell type used. The replacement of 50% of the
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) in egg PC-cholesterol liposomes by unsaturated
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species increased the rate of fusion at least 2
      fold. Of the PE-containing liposomes that were associated with Madin-Darby canine
      kidney (MDCK) cells after 30 s of fusion, 80% had actually fused with the plasma
      membrane. Fringe pattern fluorescence photobleaching experiments showed that
      after fusion a fraction of the cell-associated N-Rh-PE diffused laterally in the
      plasma membrane. Without fusion, the N-Rh-PE was completely immobile. Under
      optimal conditions, the mobile fractions were 65% on MDCK cells and 78% on baby
      hamster kidney cells. The mobility was acquired simultaneously with the dilution
      of the fluorescent phospholipids as measured from the loss of resonance energy
      transfer. The mobile fraction of N-Rh-PE on the cell surface can therefore be
      used as a second independent measure of actual membrane fusion. Finally, we
      observed that upon fusion up to 80% of the nonexchangeable liposome markers
      cholesterol [14C]oleate and glycerol tri[14C]oleate became accessible to cellular
      hydrolases. The results showed that this hydrolysis assay can also be used to
      monitor the second step of the fusion process.

PMID- 4041431
TI  - "Asymmetric" opening reaction mechanism of Z-DNA base pairs: a hydrogen exchange
      study.
AB  - With the tritium-Sephadex method, the hydrogen-exchange kinetics of the five NH
      protons of guanine and cytosine residues in Z-form poly(dG-dC) X poly (dG-dC)
      were measured as a function of temperature and catalyst concentration. Over the
      measured temperature range from 0 to 34 degrees C, two classes of protons with
      constant amplitudes are found. The three protons of the fast class, which were
      assigned to the guanine amino and imino protons, have an exchange half-time in
      the minute time range (at 20 degrees C the half-time is 2.5 min) and an
      activation energy of 18 kcal mol-1. Since these two types of protons exchange at
      the same rate in spite of their grossly different pK values, the exchange of
      these protons must be limited by the same nucleic acid conformational change. The
      two cytosine amino protons of the slow class are especially slow with exchange
      half-times in the hour time range (at 20 degrees C the exchange half-time is 1 h)
      and the activation energy is 20 kcal mol-1. The exchange of these two protons is
      not limited by some nucleic acid conformational change as shown by the marked
      exchange acceleration of these protons upon addition of 0.2 M imidazole. In
      addition, we have also reexamined the hydrogen-deuterium exchange kinetics of the
      amino protons of guanosine cyclic 2',3'-monophosphate by a spectral difference
      method using a stopped-flow spectrophotometer. The measured kinetic process is
      monophasic with a rate constant of 3 s-1 at 20 degrees C, which is in the same
      range as the predicted rate constant of the guanine amino protons.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041432
TI  - Synthesis of d(GC) and d(CG) octamers containing alternating phosphorothioate
      linkages: effect of the phosphorothioate group on the B-Z transition.
AB  - The synthesis of four oligonucleotides containing alternating phosphorothioate
      groups, (Rp)-and (Sp)-d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] and (Rp)- and (Sp)-d[C(p(S)GpC)p(S)G],
      by the phosphite approach is described. Silica gel to which 2'(3')-O
      acetyluridine and 5'-succinyl groups were bound served as support for oligomer
      synthesis. The syntheses were carried out by dimer addition with presynthesized
      diastereomerically pure dinucleoside phosphorothioates as building blocks. The
      products were characterized by 31P NMR, nuclease P1 digestion, and oxidation to
      the corresponding all-phosphate-containing oligomers. The ability of each
      oligomer to adopt the Z conformation under high-salt conditions was screened for
      by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Both (Rp)-d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] and (Sp)
      d[C(p(S)GpC)3p(S)G] are capable of forming Z-type structures at high NaCl
      concentrations. In the case of (Rp)-d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] where a phosphorothioate
      of the Rp configuration occurs 5' to a deoxycytidine residue, the B----Z
      transition is potentiated in comparison to the unmodified oligomer. (Sp)
      d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] and (Rp)-d[C(p(S)GpC)3p(S)G] retain the B conformation even
      at high NaCl concentration.

PMID- 4041433
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of the tetrabenazine binding sites of bovine chromaffin
      granule membranes.
AB  - An azido derivative of tetrabenazine, a specific inhibitor of the monoamine
      carrier of chromaffin granule membranes, has been synthesized. In the dark, this
      compound, 3H-labeled N-(3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-11bH
      benzo [a]quinolizin-2-yl)-4-[(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]butanamide+ ++
      ([3H]TBA), bound reversibly to purified chromaffin granule membranes.
      Centrifugation through SP-Sephadex columns was used to separate bound and free
      [3H]TBA. This technique gave low levels of nonspecific binding and allowed
      recovery of [3H]TBA-membrane complexes. Scatchard analysis of the data indicated
      one class of sites with an equilibrium dissociation constant KD of 50 nM and a
      density of sites of 40-50 pmol/mg of protein, consistent with reported densities
      of reserpine and dihydrotetrabenazine binding sites. Competition experiments
      showed that TBA and tetrabenazine bound to the same site. Irradiation at 435 nm
      of [3H]TBA-membrane mixtures induced some irreversible binding of the probe to
      membranes. After irreversible binding of TBA, the number of dihydrotetrabenazine
      binding sites was decreased, indicating that the probe was covalently bound to
      the monoamine carrier. [3H]TBA-membrane complexes isolated by centrifugation
      through SP-Sephadex columns were irradiated, and their radioactivity was analyzed
      by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. A polypeptide
      with a molecular weight of 70 000 was labeled. This polypeptide was different
      from dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and it was not adsorbed on concanavalin A
      Sepharose. It is proposed that the monoamine carrier of chromaffin granule
      membrane has an oligomeric structure, involving a 45K subunit [Gabizon, R.,
      Yetinson, T., & Schuldiner, S. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 15145] and a 70K
      subunit.

PMID- 4041434
TI  - Location of oligo(uridylic acid) sequences within messenger ribonucleic acid
      molecules of HeLa cells.
AB  - A significant fraction of the polyadenylated mRNAs of HeLa cells contain an
      oligo(uridylic acid) [oligo(U)] sequence of 15-30 nucleotides. Several different
      experimental approaches were used to determine if these oligo(U)'s occupied
      similar sites within all mRNAs. In one approach, poly(adenylic acid)-containing
      mRNAs [poly(A+) mRNAs] averaging 2800 nucleotides in length were reduced to an
      average size of 500 nucleotides by controlled alkaline hydrolysis. Over 20% of
      the oligo(U)-containing fragments isolated from the hydrolysate retained a
      poly(A) sequence, showing that oligo(U)'s were not exclusively located near 5'
      ends of mRNA although 20% were apparently close to 3' ends. To confirm these
      observations, oligo(U)-containing mRNA [oligo(U+) mRNA] was exposed to the 3'
      exonucleolytic activity of polynucleotide phosphorylase to produce fragments
      containing the 5' regions of mRNA. Each of a set of fragments of decreasing
      length generated by increased times of exposure of the mRNAs to the enzyme was
      found to have about the same oligo(U) content, including the shortest that
      averaged 550 nucleotides. These data not only eliminated an exclusive location
      for oligo(U) in either 3' or 5' ends of mRNA but also suggested that oligo(U)'s
      might be close to the 5' ends of some mRNAs. To verify this last observation,
      periodate-oxidized poly(A+) mRNA was labeled at the 5' caps and at 3'-adenosine
      residues by sodium [3H]borohydride reduction before it was nicked 3-5 times with
      alkali to produce 5' and 3' end-labeled pieces that could be separated with
      oligo(thymidylic acid)-cellulose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041435
TI  - Sequence content of oligo(uridylic acid)-containing messenger ribonucleic acid
      from HeLa cells.
AB  - Oligo(uridylic acid)-containing [oligo(U+)] RNA was isolated from poly(adenylic
      acid)-containing [poly(A+)] mRNA from HeLa cells by using either formaldehyde
      pretreatment or poly(A) removal, both of which resulted in increased
      accessibility of oligo(U)-rich sequences to a poly(A)-agarose affinity column. In
      this report, we compared the sequence content of oligo(U+) RNA with that of
      molecules lacking oligo(U) [oligo(U-) RNA] by their relative hybridization to
      cDNA reverse-transcribed from poly(A+) mRNA and by comparison of their in vitro
      translation products synthesized in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Formaldehyde
      modified poly(A+) RNA, treated to remove the formol adjuncts, was inactive as a
      template for in vitro protein synthesis; consequently, only depolyadenylated RNA,
      which retains its translatability, could be used in the translation studies. The
      hybridization kinetic experiments revealed that oligo(U+) RNA contained most of
      the sequence information present in oligo(U-) RNA but at a reduced level (ca.
      25%), the majority of the oligo(U+) RNA sequences being poorly represented in the
      cDNA. This result was supported by one- and two-dimensional gel analysis of their
      in vitro translation products which showed that oligo(U+) RNA, although less
      effective as a template for translation than oligo(U-) RNA, coded for proteins,
      the most abundant of which were encoded by rare messages not highly represented
      in oligo(U-) RNA or the total poly(A+) RNA. Although some minor products were
      synthesized by both oligo(U+) and oligo(U-) RNA, at least 33 proteins were unique
      to or highly enriched in the pattern of products directed by oligo(U+)
      RNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041436
TI  - Motion of myosin cross-bridges in skeletal muscle fibers studied by time-resolved
      fluorescence anisotropy decay.
AB  - The time-resolved fluorescence polarization anisotropy signal has been measured
      from fluorescent-labeled myosin cross-bridges in single glycerinated muscle
      fibers in the relaxed and rigor states. In one experimental configuration, the
      polarization of the excitation light and the fiber axis are aligned, and the
      anisotropy is sensitive to rotational motions of the probes about axes other than
      the fiber axis. The rotational correlation times are approximately 1000 ns for
      relaxed fibers and greater than 7000 ns for rigor fibers. In another experimental
      configuration, the excitation light polarization is perpendicular to the fiber
      axis, and its propagation vector has a component parallel to the fiber axis so
      that the anisotropy is sensitive to probe rotational motion about different axes,
      including the fiber axis. In this configuration, the rotational correlation times
      are approximately 300 ns for both relaxed and rigor fibers. The theory of
      rotational diffusion in a potential described in a related paper [Burghardt, T.P.
      (1985) Biophys. J. (in press)] is applied to the relaxed fiber data.

PMID- 4041437
TI  - Structure and polymorphism of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerols. Three- and six
      layered structures.
AB  - Triacylglycerols, which usually contain at least one unsaturated fatty acid, are
      the most important forms of stored biological lipids in teleosts, mammals, and
      most plants. Since the physical properties of such mixed-chain triacylglycerols
      are poorly understood, a systematic study of such compounds has been initiated.
      Stereospecific 1,2-dioleoyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerols were synthesized with even carbon
      saturated fatty acyl chains of 14-24 carbons in length. Their polymorphic
      behavior was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder
      diffraction. The thermal behavior revealed from one to four major polymorphic
      transitions depending upon saturated chain length. Plots of enthalpy of fusion
      and entropy vs. carbon number for melting of the most stable polymorph were
      linear throughout the series with slopes of 1.0 kcal/mol per carbon atom and 2.6
      cal/(mol K) per carbon atom, respectively. These slopes indicate that the
      saturated chains are packed in a well-ordered tightly packed lattice. When the
      compounds were rapidly cooled to 5 degrees C, X-ray powder diffraction revealed
      strong beta' (ca. 3.8 and 4.2 A) reflections and weak beta (ca. 4.6 A)
      reflections. The beta subcell reflections intensified when the compounds were
      heated to within 5 degrees C of the melting temperature of the highest melting
      polymorph. Evidence of an alpha phase was not seen on 30-min X-ray exposures for
      any of the compounds. In the proposed packing arrangement the saturated and
      unsaturated chains are segregated into layers. The stable form of all compounds
      exhibits a triple layer packing mode in which a bilayer of oleoyl chains is
      segregated from an interdigitated layer of saturated chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041438
TI  - Purification of the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase from bovine cerebral
      cortex.
AB  - A calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase was purified 3000-fold from bovine
      cerebral cortex using DEAE-Sephacel, calmodulin-Sepharose, and two heptanediamine
      Sepharose column steps. The purified enzyme activity was stimulated by
      calmodulin, forskolin, 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate, and NaF. The molecular
      weight of the protein component was estimated as 328 000 with a smaller form of
      Mr 153 000 obtained in the presence of Mn2+. The most highly purified
      preparations contained major polypeptides of 150 000, 47 000, and 35 000 daltons
      on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels. Photoaffinity labeling of the preparation
      with azido[125I]iodocalmodulin gave one product of 170 000 daltons on SDS gels.
      It is proposed that the catalytic subunit of the calmodulin-sensitive enzyme is
      150 000 +/- 10 000 daltons and that the enzyme exists as a complex of one
      catalytic subunit and the stimulatory guanyl nucleotide regulatory complex. These
      data are consistent with the previous report that the catalytic subunit of this
      enzyme has a molecular weight of 150 000 +/- 10 000 [Andreasen, T.J., Heideman,
      W., Rosenberg, G.B., & Storm, D.R. (1983) Biochemistry 22,2757].

PMID- 4041439
TI  - Effects of detergent on substrate binding and spin state of purified liver
      microsomal cytochrome P-450LM2 from phenobarbital-treated rabbits.
AB  - Spectral changes accompanying the binding of the nonionic detergent n-octyl beta
      D-glucopyranoside (n-octyl glucoside) to cytochrome P-450LM2 purified from liver
      microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rabbits have been compared to changes in
      catalytic activity obtained in a reconstituted system consisting of various
      levels of detergent, P-450LM2, and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. In the
      absence of substrate and reductase, addition of n-octyl glucoside to 2-3 mM
      resulted in a difference spectrum (detergent-bound minus detergent-free
      cytochrome) characterized by a small maximum at 390 nm and a minimum at 410 nm,
      suggestive of a slight stabilization of the high-spin (S = 5/2) state of the
      cytochrome. As the detergent concentration was increased to 4-8 mM (corresponding
      to maximal activity and pentameric or hexameric P-450), a new peak appeared at
      427 nm while the minimum remained at 410 nm. Between 10 and 30 mM n-octyl
      glucoside (conditions which produced catalytically inactive and monomeric P-450)
      the minimum in the difference spectrum shifted to 390 nm and the maximum to 425
      nm, characteristic of a shift in spin equilibrium toward low-spin (S = 1/2)
      cytochrome. At low and high detergent concentrations, substrate [d-benzphetamine
      with n-octyl glucoside or cyclohexane with the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS)] was bound to P
      450LM2 with formation of high-spin P-450, although the increase in high-spin
      cytochrome was less at high detergent levels than at low. The affinity of P-450
      for substrate decreased by 2-3-fold at high detergent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4041440
TI  - Aged human erythrocytes exhibit increased anion exchange.
AB  - Young and old erythrocytes show different rate constants of anion exchange as
      measured by 35SO4(2-) efflux at 37 degrees C. Results indicate that the rate
      constant for 35SO4(2-) efflux (SO2-4-Cl- exchange) from old cells is
      approximately 20% greater than from young less dense cells. The cell water volume
      of older cells is also decreased. Based on these results and previously reported
      decreases of cell membrane area in aged cells we conclude that anion exchange
      (35SO4(2-)) is increased in older, more dense human erythrocytes.

PMID- 4041441
TI  - Anion transport in red blood cells and arginine-specific reagents. Interaction
      between the substrate-binding site and the binding site of arginine-specific
      reagents.
AB  - Phenylglyoxal is found to be a potent inhibitor of sulfate equilibrium exchange
      across the red blood cell membrane at both pH 7.4 and 8.0. The inactivation
      exhibits pseudo-first-order kinetics with a reaction order close to one at both
      pH 7.4 and 8. The rate constant of inactivation at 37 degrees C was found to be
      0.12 min-1 at pH 7.4 and 0.19 min-1 at pH 8.0. Saturation kinetics are observed
      if the pseudo-first order rate constant of inhibition is measured as a function
      of phenylglyoxal concentration. Sulfate ions as well as chloride ions markedly
      decrease the rate of inactivation by phenylglyoxal at pH 7.4, suggesting that the
      modification occurs at or near to the binding site for chloride and sulfate. The
      decrease of the rate of inactivation produced at pH 8.0 by chloride ions is much
      higher than that produced by sulfate ions. Kinetic analysis of the protection
      experiments showed that the loaded transport site is unable to react with
      phenylglyoxal. From the data it is concluded that the modified amino acid(s)
      residues, presumably arginine, is (are) important for the binding of the
      substrate anion.

PMID- 4041442
TI  - X-ray diffraction demonstrates that phosphatidyldiacylglycerol and
      phosphatidylcholesterol are not lamellar above the main transition temperature.
AB  - X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the lattice structure of aqueous
      dispersions of two phosphatidyldiacylglycerols and of a phosphatidylcholesterol
      above and below the chain melting transition temperature. Previously, Noggle et
      al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1982) 691, 240-248) had investigated these lipids
      and had concluded on the basis of electron microscopy that the lipids were in a
      lamellar state above the transition temperature. However, they found the 31P-NMR
      signals were not characteristic of lamellar phases. It was, therefore, concluded
      that these lipids were yielding unexpected 31P-NMR spectra. The present X-ray
      results demonstrate that, in fact, the lipids are not in a lamellar state above
      the transition temperature and that the 31P-NMR and X-ray data are not
      necessarily in disagreement. Characteristics of the phases both above and below
      the chain melt temperature are discussed.

PMID- 4041443
TI  - Solute-induced acceleration of transbilayer movement and its implications on
      models of blood-brain barrier.
AB  - Hexylglycerol accelerates the transbilayer (flip-flop) movement of phospholipids,
      lysophospholipids and peptides. For example, lysophosphatidylcholine added to
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles activates the action of pig pancreatic
      phospholipase A2 (Jain and DeHaas (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 736, 157-162)
      This activating effect is dissipated slowly after mixing, and no activation is
      observed when the lysophospholipid molecules are equally distributed on both
      sides of the bilayer. The half time for transbilayer movement of
      lysophosphatidylcholine is about 7 h, and it is accelerated over 100-fold in the
      presence of n-hexylglycerol, as well as by a variety of other amphipathic solutes
      including n-alkanols, ketamine, and flufenamic acid. Hexylglycerol also
      accelerates the rate of transbilayer movement of an amphipathic hexapeptide
      bocLALALW, as well as of the phosphatidylcholine molecules in erythrocyte
      membrane. These effects are observed without any change in the gross bilayer
      organization as judged by 31P-NMR. Biophysical significance of such solute
      induced acceleration of transbilayer movement of amphipathic solutes is discussed
      to account for the effect of alkylglycerols on blood brain barrier.

PMID- 4041444
TI  - The use of cobalt ions as a collisional quencher to probe surface charge and
      stability of fluorescently labeled bilayer vesicles.
AB  - Co2+ quenched the fluorescence of the lipid probes NBD-phosphatidylethanolamine
      (NBD-PE) and lissamine-rhodamine phosphatidylethanolamine (N-Rh-PE) incorporated
      into lipid vesicles, according to a collisional quenching mechanism in agreement
      with the Stern-Vollmer law. The quenching coefficient (Q) for NBD-PE,
      incorporated into uncharged phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles was 13.8 M-1. This
      value was equal to the quenching coefficient of water-soluble NBD-taurine in
      aqueous solution, indicating that Co2+ was readily accessible to the outer
      surface of PC vesicles. In phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylethanolamine (PS-PE)
      (1:1) vesicles, quenching was also proportional to Co2+ concentration but Q was
      114 mM-1, some 8000-fold smaller. Using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model we
      demonstrated that the surface density of Co2+ bound to lipid was linear with Co2+
      concentration in the medium up to 7%. Co2+-associated phospholipid would in turn
      quench NBD-PE or N-Rh-PE by collisional quenching with lateral diffusion. We
      investigated the ability of Co2+ to permeate PS-PE (1:1) vesicles. Co2+ quenched
      fluorophores on the outer surface of large unilamellar vesicles, formed by
      reverse-phase evaporation. In small unilamellar vesicles Co2+ quenched probes on
      both outer and inner surfaces, indicating rapid permeation of the ions into the
      vesicles. Using stopped-flow rapid mixing, we measured the rate of influx of
      Co2+, and correcting for surface potential using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model, we
      calculated a permeability coefficient of 10(-12) cm/s for Co2+ concentrations
      below 300 microM. Above this concentration, there was a very steep rise in the
      permeability coefficient, indicating that binding of Co2+ induces defects in the
      bilayer of these vesicles. This may be related to the ability of the vesicles to
      undergo membrane fusion. A method for calculating the membrane surface potential
      from Co2+ quenching data is presented.

PMID- 4041445
TI  - Effects of long-chain cis-unsaturated fatty acids and their alcohol analogs on
      aggregation of bovine platelets and their relation with membrane fluidity change.
AB  - The effects of long-chain cis-unsaturated fatty acids with different alkyl chain
      lengths and different numbers of double bonds on aggregation of bovine platelets
      and membrane fluidity were investigated. All the cis-unsaturated fatty acids
      tested inhibited aggregation and at the same time increased membrane fluidity in
      accordance with their inhibitory effects. The saturated fatty acids and trans
      unsaturated fatty acid tested for comparison had much lower or no effects on
      aggregation and membrane fluidity. The inhibitory effects of mono cis-unsaturated
      fatty acids increased with increase of their alkyl chain length. cis-Unsaturated
      fatty acids with two or more double bonds had more inhibitory effects than mono
      unsaturated fatty acids. The position of the double bonds had less influence than
      the number of double bonds. We also examined the effects of cis-unsaturated fatty
      acids on membrane fluidity with diphenylhexatriene and anthroyloxy derivatives of
      fatty acids as probes and observed increased fluidity to be considerable in the
      membrane. The alcohol analogs of cis-unsaturated fatty acids also inhibited
      aggregation and increased membrane perturbation. These results suggest that the
      inhibition of platelet aggregation by cis-unsaturated compounds is due to
      perturbation of the lipid layer.

PMID- 4041446
TI  - Volatile anesthetics cause conformational changes of bacteriorhodopsin in purple
      membrane.
AB  - We examined the effects of volatile anesthetics on the structure of the
      bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane by measurements of the absorption
      spectrum and the visible circular dichroism (CD) spectrum and assay of the
      retinal composition. As the concentrations of halothane, enflurane and
      methoxyflurane were increased, the absorption at 560 nm decreased but that at 480
      nm increased with an isosbestic point around 510 nm. These anesthetic-induced
      spectroscopic changes were reversible. The CD spectrum showed the biphasic
      pattern with a positive and a negative band. As the concentration of halothane
      was increased from 4 mM to 8mM, the negative band reversibly diminished more
      drastically than the positive band, and at 8 mM of halothane the positive band
      shifted to around 480 nm. These results show that halothane disturbed the exciton
      coupling among bacteriorhodopsin molecules. The retinal isomer composition was
      analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The ratio of 13-cis- to
      all-trans-retinal was 47:53, 34:66 and 19:81 at control, 7.4 mM and 14.9 mM
      enflurane, respectively. After elimination of enflurane, the ratio returned to
      the control value. These findings indicate that volatile anesthetic directly
      affect a bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane and induce conformational
      changes in it.

PMID- 4041447
TI  - Regional differences in the lipid composition and fluidity of rat colonic brush
      border membranes.
AB  - The lipid composition and fluidity of brush-border membranes prepared from rat
      proximal and distal colonocytes were determined. Fluidity, as assessed by steady
      state fluorescence polarization techniques using the fluorophores 1,6-diphenyl
      1,3,5-hexatriene, DL-2(9-anthroyl)stearic acid and DL-12(9-anthroyl)stearic acid,
      was decreased in distal compared to proximal plasma membranes. This pattern was
      similar to that previously described for both antipodal plasma membranes in rat
      enterocytes of the small intestine. The decrease in fluidity of the distal as
      compared to the proximal membranes resulted from an increase in cholesterol
      content, cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio and degree of saturation of the
      fatty acid residues in the distal membranes. The specific activities of total
      alkaline phosphatase and cysteine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase, enzymes
      previously shown to be functionally dependent on the physical state of the
      colonic brush-border membrane's lipid, were also significantly lower in distal as
      compared to proximal clonic plasma membranes. These studies, therefore,
      demonstrate that differences in the lipid fluidity, lipid composition and certain
      enzymatic activities exist in brush-border membranes prepared from rat proximal
      and distal colonocytes. The regional variation in rat colonic luminal membrane
      lipid fluidity and composition may, at least partially, be responsible for
      differences in these enzymatic activities as well as in sodium and water
      absorption along the length of this organ.

PMID- 4041448
TI  - Membrane retrieval in the guinea pig neurohypophysis: biochemical
      characterization of a retrieval structure.
AB  - [3H]Choline and [35S]methionine injected into the guinea pig hypothalamus in vivo
      were incorporated into the lipids and proteins, respectively, of secretory
      vesicles transported to the neural lobe. Prolonged in vivo stimulation of hormone
      secretion by dehydration decreased the [3H]choline content of secretory vesicles,
      with a concomitant increase in the [3H]choline content of a membrane fraction
      isolated on sucrose gradients. After stimulation of neural lobes in vitro in the
      presence of horseradish peroxidase, this extracellular fluid marker was found in
      the same membrane fraction. SDS electrophoresis of membrane proteins
      radiolabelled by [35S]methionine in vivo demonstrated that this fraction
      contained at least one major protein also present in the secretory vesicle
      membrane. These results suggest that we have isolated a membrane fraction
      containing the structure(s) involve in membrane retrieval in the neurohypophysis.

PMID- 4041449
TI  - Estimation of the location of natural alpha-tocopherol in lipid bilayers by 13C
      NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Natural, 2R,4R',8R'-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), labelled selectively with 13C
      in the methyl group at position 5, was incorporated into unilamellar vesicles of
      egg phosphatidylcholine. The vesicles are impermeable to the shift reagent Pr3+
      and, in the presence of this reagent, separate 13C resonances due to labelled
      alpha-tocopherol in the outer and inner monolayers could be observed with
      relative intensities, 2:1. Subsequent addition of the relaxation reagent Gd2+
      causes broadening and greatly shortened spin-lattice relaxation times for the
      resonance due to alpha-tocopherol in the outer monolayer only. These data confirm
      that alpha-tocopherol is located in both halves of the bilayers with its more
      hydrophilic chroman moiety very near the lipid-water interface, and indicate that
      the methyl group at position 5 of the alpha-tocopherol in the inner monolayer
      must be at least 40 A from the aqueous interface of the outer monolayer.

PMID- 4041450
TI  - Transport competence of plasma membrane vesicles from cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - We obtained plasma membranes from cultured human skin fibroblasts. The
      preparation was enriched 10-fold with about 40 percent yield. There was minimal
      contamination with other cell membranes. Various observations indicated vesicular
      conformation of a portion of the plasma membranes, notably by electron microscopy
      and from the effect of osmotic pressure on the distribution of solutes between
      mass and medium at equilibrium. Other studies indicated that these fibroblast
      plasma membrane vesicles retained mediated transport processes for a variety of
      substrates. The evidence included: stereospecific and temperature-dependent
      uptake of glucose; dependence of L-alanine uptake on sodium ion and an inward
      directed transmembrane Na+ gradient; stimulation of L-alanine uptake, with
      overshoot, by enhancement of the interior-negative transmembrane potential;
      concentration dependent uptake of methotrexate with apparent competitive
      inhibition by folinic acid; stimulation of L-lysine uptake by trans-L-arginine.
      These findings indicate that human fibroblast plasma membrane vesicles could be
      used to study membrane transport processes and, perhaps, expression of mutant
      genes that cause inborn errors of transport.

PMID- 4041451
TI  - Effects of adriamycin on lipid polymorphism in cardiolipin-containing model and
      mitochondrial membranes.
AB  - The effects of the anti-tumor drug adriamycin on lipid polymorphism in
      cardiolipin-containing model membranes and in isolated inner mitochondrial
      membranes has been examined by 31P-NMR. Adriamycin binding does not affect the
      macroscopic structure or local order in the phosphate region of cardiolipin
      liposomes. In cardiolipin liposomes and in cardiolipin-phosphatidylcholine (1:1)
      liposomes, the drug inhibits the ability of Ca2+ to induce the hexagonal HII
      phase. Adriamycin interaction with both dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
      cardiolipin (2:1) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine-phosphatidylserine (1:1)
      liposomes results in structural phase separation into a liquid-crystalline
      hexagonal HII phase for the phosphatidylethanolamine and a liquid-crystalline
      lamellar phase for the negatively charged phospholipid. Combined high-resolution
      31P-NMR, electron microscopy and light scattering studies reveal the prominent
      fusion capacity of adriamycin towards cardiolipin-phosphatidylcholine small
      unilamellar vesicles. Addition of Ca2+ to total rat liver inner mitochondrial
      membrane lipids, dispersed in excess buffer, results in hexagonal HII formation
      for part of the phospholipids. By contrast, the original bilayer structure is
      completely conserved when the above experiment is performed in the presence of
      adriamycin. 31P-NMR spectra of isolated inner mitochondrial membranes are
      indicative of a bilayer organization for the majority of the phospholipids.
      Approximately 15% of the signal intensity originates from phospholipids which
      experience isotropic motion. Adriamycin addition almost completely eliminates the
      latter spectral component. In the absence of adriamycin, Ca2+ addition greatly
      increases the percentage of the phospholipids giving rise to an isotropic signal
      possibly indicating the formation of non-lamellar lipid structures. Adriamycin
      which specifically binds to cardiolipin (K. Nicolay et al. (1984) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 778, 359-371) completely blocks the Ca2+-induced structural
      reorganization of the lipids in this membrane.

PMID- 4041452
TI  - Solubilization and reconstitution of the renal phosphate transporter.
AB  - Proteins from brush-border membrane vesicles of rabbit kidney cortex were
      solubilized with 1% octylglucoside (protein to detergent ratio, 1:4 (w/w). The
      solubilized proteins (80.2 +/- 2.3% of the original brush-border proteins, n =
      10, mean +/- S.E.) were reconstituted into artificial lipid vesicles or liposomes
      prepared from purified egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (80%) and cholesterol (20%).
      Transport of Pi into the proteoliposomes was measured by rapid filtration in the
      presence of a Na+ or a K+ gradient (out greater than in). In the presence of a
      Na+ gradient, the uptake of Pi was significantly faster than in the presence of a
      K+ gradient. Na+ dependency of Pi uptake was not observed when the liposomes were
      reconstituted with proteins extracted from brush-border membrane vesicles which
      had been previously treated with papain, a procedure that destroys Pi transport
      activity. Measurement of Pi uptake in media containing increasing amounts of
      sucrose indicated that Pi was transported into an intravesicular (osmotically
      sensitive) space, although about 70% of the Pi uptake appeared to be the result
      of adsorption or binding of Pi. However, this binding of Pi was not dependent
      upon the presence of Na+. Both Na+-dependent transport and the Na+-independent
      binding of Pi were inhibited by arsenate. The initial Na+-dependent Pi transport
      rate in control liposomes of 0.354 nmol Pi/mg protein per min was reduced to
      0.108 and 0 nmol Pi/mg protein per min in the presence of 1 and 10 mM arsenate,
      respectively. Future studies on reconstitution of Pi transport systems must
      analyze and correct for the binding of Pi by the lipids used in the formation of
      the proteoliposomes.

PMID- 4041453
TI  - Na+-independent dehydro-L-ascorbic acid uptake in renal brush-border membrane
      vesicles.
AB  - A membrane preparation enriched in the brush-border component of the plasma
      membrane was isolated from rat renal superficial cortex by a divalent cation
      precipitation procedure. Uptake of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid, the oxidized form of
      L-ascorbic acid, by the brush-border membrane vesicles was studied. The uptake
      mechanism was found to be sodium-independent and insensitive to the trans
      membrane electrical potential difference. Uptake was saturable and subject to cis
      inhibition. Concentrative uptake was demonstrated only under conditions of trans
      stimulation by structural analogs. The results suggest a mechanism of facilitated
      diffusion for the uptake of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid in renal brush-border
      membranes.

PMID- 4041454
TI  - The topology of the major band 4.5 protein component of the human erythrocyte
      membrane: characterization of reactive cysteine residues.
AB  - A preparation of band 4.5 protein of the red cell membrane, containing largely
      the sugar transporter, was labelled with the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethyl
      [14C]maleimide. In preparations denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), all
      five sulfhydryl groups present in the peptide, Mr 45 000 to 60 000, react with
      the alkylating agent within 20 min at 37 degrees C. If the peptide is
      reconstituted in lipid vesicles and cleaved with trypsin before extraction and
      denaturation with SDS, three sulfhydryl groups are found in a 30 kDa fragment and
      two in a 19 kDa fragment. In 'native' reconstituted protein only three groups
      react, even after two hours of exposure, two in the 30 kDa fragment and one in
      the 19 kDa fragment. Thus, one sulfhydryl group is cryptic, inaccessible to N
      ethylmaleimide in each fragment. In intact cells, the single reactive group of
      the 19 kDa fragment can be protected against reaction with N-ethylmaleimide by
      the impermeant sulfhydryl reagent, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS). It
      is, therefore, considered to be exposed on the outer face of the membrane. The
      two reactive groups of the 30 kDa fragment are not protected by PCMBS and are,
      therefore, not considered to be exposed to the outside medium. Cytochalasin B, a
      competitive inhibitor of sugar transport affords temporary protection of the
      exofacial group of the 19 kDa against reaction with N-ethylmaleimide, and affords
      longer term protection of one of the reactive groups of the 30 kDa fragment.
      These findings allow conclusions about the topology of the sugar transport
      protein in the bilayer. Both proteolytic fragments must cross the bilayer. One of
      three reactive sulfhydryl groups is exofacial and two may be cytoplasmic. The two
      cryptic groups may be located within the bilayer.

PMID- 4041455
TI  - The interaction of calcium with gangliosides in bilayer membranes.
AB  - We studied the binding of calcium to bilayer membranes formed from mixtures of
      phosphatidylcholine and mono-, di-, or trisialoganglioside by measuring its
      effect on the electrophoretic mobility of multilamellar vesicles and the
      conductance of planar bilayers. In 0.001 M monovalent salt solutions the surface
      potential of the membranes is large and micromolar concentrations of calcium have
      a significant effect on the mobility and conductance. In 0.1 M monovalent salt
      solutions the surface potential is small and millimolar concentrations of calcium
      are required to affect these parameters. The strong apparent binding of calcium
      we observed at low ionic strength could be due to the nonspecific accumulation of
      calcium in the electrical diffuse double layer. To distinguish between this
      nonspecific effect and binding of calcium to the membrane, we substituted
      dimethonium for calcium. Dimethonium is a divalent cation that screens negative
      charges but does not bind to lipids. We also examined the effect of replacing
      phosphatidylcholine by monoolein: calcium binds to phosphatidylcholine but not to
      monoolein. We describe our electrophoretic mobility results by combining the
      Poisson-Boltzmann and Navier-Stokes equations with the Langmuir adsorption
      isotherm. We conclude that calcium binds weakly to gangliosides with an intrinsic
      association constant of less than 100 M-1, which is similar to the association
      constant of calcium with phospholipids.

PMID- 4041456
TI  - Survival of rabbit and horse erythrocytes in vivo after changing the fatty acyl
      composition of their phosphatidylcholine.
AB  - The phospholipid composition and the distribution of phospholipids over the two
      leaflets of the membrane have been investigated for rabbit and horse erythrocyte
      membranes. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) comprises 39.4% and 41.3% of the total
      phospholipid complement of the rabbit and horse erythrocytes, respectively. In
      both membranes the distribution of this phospholipid is asymmetric: 70% of the PC
      is present in the outer layer of the rabbit membrane and 60% in that of the
      horse. The major species of this phospholipid class are the (1-palmitoyl-2
      oleoyl)- and the (1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl)PC. The disaturated species, (1,2
      dipalmitoyl)PC, is present in limited amounts only. Partial replacement of the
      native PC from intact erythrocytes was accomplished with a purified PC specific
      transfer protein from bovine liver. Replacement of the native PC species with (1
      palmitoyl-2-oleoyl)PC up to 40% of the total PC complement had no effect on the
      osmotic fragility, the shape and the in vivo survival time of both erythrocyte
      species. Replacement of the native PC in both rabbit and horse erythrocytes with
      (1,2-dipalmitoyl)PC up to 20% gave rise to an increased osmotic fragility, a
      shape change from discocytic to echinocytic and a significant reduction in
      survival time measured after reinjection of the modified cells. At 30%
      replacement with (1,2-dipalmitoyl)PC the resulting spheroechinocytes appeared to
      be cleared from the circulation within 24 h after reinjection. The conclusion can
      be drawn that the repair mechanisms which may exist in vivo are insufficient to
      cope with the drastic changes in properties of the erythrocyte membrane which are
      induced by replacing more than 15% of the native PC by the dipalmitoyl species.

PMID- 4041457
TI  - Presence of a potential-sensitive Na+ transport across renal brush-border
      membrane vesicles from rats of the Milan hypertensive strain.
AB  - Sodium transport was measured in brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from
      kidney cortex of the Milan hypertensive strain (MHS) rats and the corresponding
      normotensive controls. In the presence of an outwardly directed proton gradient,
      22Na was transiently accumulated in the vesicles. When a transmembrane electrical
      potential was imposed across membrane vesicles, both the accumulation ratio and
      the initial uptake were increased, indicating the presence of an electrogenic
      pathway for sodium in these membranes. The potential-dependent sodium uptake was
      significantly higher in MHS rats. Kinetic analysis give simple Michaelis Menten
      curves in the presence and in the absence of a membrane potential. In both
      conditions Jmax was significantly increased in MHS rats, whereas Km was the same
      for the two rat strains. Sodium uptake was inhibited by amiloride at
      concentrations that inhibit Na+-H+ exchange. The presence of the higher,
      potential-sensitive, sodium uptake in MHS is in agreement with studies on renal
      physiology which support the hypothesis that an increase in tubular sodium
      reabsorption may be the primary cause for the development of hypertension in this
      rat strain.

PMID- 4041458
TI  - Evidence for a lactate transport system in the sarcolemmal membrane of the
      perfused rabbit heart: kinetics of unidirectional influx, carrier specificity and
      effects of glucagon.
AB  - The kinetics and specificity of L-lactate transport into cardiac muscle were
      studied during a single transit through the isolated perfused rabbit heart using
      a rapid (15 s) paired-tracer dilution technique. Kinetic experiments revealed
      that lactate influx was highly stereospecific and saturable with an apparent Kt =
      19 +/- 6 mM and a Vmax = 8.4 +/- 1.5 mumol/min per g (mean +/- S.E., n = 14
      hearts). At high perfusate concentrations (10 mM), the inhibitors alpha-cyano-4
      hydroxycinnamate (Ki = 7.3 mM), pyruvate (Ki = 6.5 mM), acetate (Ki = 19.4 mM)
      and chloroacetate (Ki = 28 mM) reduced L-lactate influx, and Ki values were
      estimated assuming a purely competitive interaction of the inhibitors with the
      monocarboxylate carrier. The monocarboxylic acids [14C]pyruvate and [3H]acetate
      were themselves transported, and sarcolemmal uptakes of respectively 38 +/- 1%
      and 70 +/- 8% were measured relative to D-mannitol. Perfusion of hearts for 10-30
      min with 0.15 or 1.5 microM glucagon increased myocardial lactate production and
      simultaneously inhibited tracer uptake of lactate, pyruvate and acetate. It is
      concluded that a stereospecific lactate transporter exhibiting an affinity for
      other substituted monocarboxylic acids is operative in the sarcolemmal plasma
      membrane of the rabbit myocardium.

PMID- 4041459
TI  - Effect of a phenyl group in quaternary ammonium compounds on thiamine uptake in
      isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of a phenyl group in quaternary ammonium compounds on
      thiamine uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes was investigated. The
      phenyltrimethylammonium ion was a more potent inhibitor than the
      tetramethylammonium ion, while the dibenzyldimethylammonium ion was the most
      potent inhibitor of thiamine uptake among those compounds examined. A kinetic
      study showed that this compound was a competitive inhibitor. The
      cetyltrimethylammonium ion was a less effective inhibitor than the
      benzyltrimethylammonium ion, and the palmitoylcholine ion was a weak inhibitor.
      These results indicate that the lipophilicity of a quaternary ammonium compound
      is not always correlated with its affinity for thiamine-carrier binding, but the
      presence of a phenyl group plays a significant role in affinity. The inhibitory
      effect of the series of (CH3)3N+ (CH2)nC6H5 (n = 0-6) compounds on thiamine
      uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes was studied. The maximal inhibitory activity
      occurred at n = 5. These results suggest that the phenyl group in a quaternary
      ammonium compound has a specific interaction with the thiamine-binding site in
      rat liver plasma membrane.

PMID- 4041460
TI  - Regulation of amino acid transport system L by amino acid availability in CHO-K1
      cells. A special role for leucine.
AB  - Starvation of CHO-K1 cells for leucine leads to a 3-4-fold increase in transport
      system L activity, without modification of transport through systems A and ASC.
      The concentration of leucine must be below 10 microM before the enhancement of
      transport can be clearly seen. To achieve low concentrations of leucine such as
      10 microM, extensive dialysis of fetal calf serum was required. The enhancement
      of transport was completed after 12-24 h of starvation and was fully reversed
      within 1 h of re-feeding with leucine. Starvation for isoleucine, valine or
      phenylalanine also produced an increase in system L transport activity, but the
      effect was only one half of that seen following leucine starvation.

PMID- 4041461
TI  - The hepatic glucocorticoid domain: evidence for early and late hormone-mediated
      changes in the synthesis of individual protein gene products.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine the extent of rapidly evolving effects of
      glucocorticoids on the transcriptional activity of individual hepatocyte genes
      through comparisons of the relative rates of synthesis of the more than 3000
      protein gene products that are resolved in giant two-dimensional separatory gels.
      During the first 20 h in primary culture normal hepatocytes displayed substantial
      spontaneous changes in over 80 proteins. One effect of an added glucocorticoid,
      dexamethasone, was to retard or reverse the progression of roughly half of these.
      However, such long-term hormone treatment also caused 27 inductions and 26
      repressions, many of which occurred in proteins that do not change spontaneously.
      Some of these coincide with the previously reported glucocorticoid domain of
      hepatoma cells. In contrast to such long-term changes, short-term (4 h)
      incubation with dexamethasone induced 10 proteins and repressed 6 others. Five of
      these early hormone inductions and all of the early repressions were maintained
      or enhanced by 20 h. However, the remaining five early glucocorticoid inductions
      appeared to be transient, since by 16-20 h the effects were either markedly
      reduced or absent. These results show the existence of an early glucocorticoid
      domain, qualitatively different from that seen at later times, which may be more
      representative of the primary steroid hormone responses.

PMID- 4041463
TI  - Purification and properties of bovine mammary gland N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase.
AB  - Two forms of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were purified from bovine mammary
      gland by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, affinity
      chromatography on Con A-Sepharose and preparative isoelectric focusing. The two
      forms, designated A and B on the basis of their binding to DEAE-cellulose at pH
      7, were glycoproteins with different molecular weights as determined by gel
      filtration and sedimentation equilibrium analysis. The A form had a molecular
      weight of 118 000, while the B form had a molecular weight of 234 000. Both A and
      B forms of the purified enzyme showed the presence of two distinct subunits,
      having apparent molecular weights of 55 000 and 25 000 as determined by sodium
      dodecyl sulphate-electrophoresis. Amino acid composition of the purified forms
      showed that a high degree of similarity existed between the two forms. However,
      the B form had slightly higher levels of serine and threonine than the A form.
      The structure and possible interrelationship of these two forms in the bovine
      mammary gland are discussed in relation to the structure of N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase from other sources.

PMID- 4041462
TI  - Ionic effects on the structure of nucleoprotein cores from adenovirus.
AB  - Nucleoprotein cores, prepared from adenovirus type 5 with a deoxycholate/heat
      treatment, consist of the viral DNA and two major internal proteins. The core
      particles exhibit structural characteristics that are highly reproducible and
      dependent on their ionic environment. In low-ionic-strength buffer, the cores had
      a sedimentation coefficient of 180 S and appeared in the electron microscope as
      homogeneous particles with distinct centers from which numerous arms and loops
      radiated. Condensation of the cores was induced by Mg2+ or Ca2+ over the range 0
      to 1 mM. The sedimentation coefficient increased monotonically with divalent
      cation concentration, reaching a maximum of 405 S in 1 mM Mg2+. A corresponding
      condensation in the core structure was observed by electron microscopy.
      Increasing concentrations of NaCl also produced a conformational change in the
      cores, with an almost linear increase in sedimentation velocity up to 274 S in
      0.04 M NaCl. Between 0.05 and 1.0 M NaCl, the cores were insoluble. In 2.0 M
      NaCl, the cores were again soluble with an s20,w of 228 S. Under all ionic
      strength conditions in which the cores were soluble, both core proteins remained
      bound to the DNA.

PMID- 4041464
TI  - Altered phosphoglycerate kinase from old rat muscle shows no change in primary
      structure.
AB  - Phosphoglycerate kinase (ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.2.3) from young and old rat muscle was purified to homogeneity. After
      ascertaining that each preparation of the enzyme obtained from the latter indeed
      possessed altered properties, matched pairs of young and old enzymes were
      subjected to amino acid analysis and peptide mapping by HPLC. Following S
      carboxymethylation, the respective young and old enzymes were digested with each
      of the following three proteinases: trypsin, chymotrypsin and S. aureus V8
      proteinase. The corresponding peptides were resolved by reverse-phase HPLC. The
      peptide patterns obtained from both enzyme forms were identical. Even when the
      peptides obtained from digestion of phosphoglycerate kinase with S. aureus V8
      proteinase were further digested with trypsin, no differences were observed.
      Comparative amino acid analyses also showed no differences. These results provide
      direct evidence that there are no changes in the sequence of altered rat muscle
      phosphoglycerate kinase and support the hypothesis that the differences in
      properties between the young and old forms of the enzyme result from a
      conformational modification.

PMID- 4041465
TI  - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of rat erythrocytes has no membrane
      component.
AB  - In the course of studying mammalian erythrocytes we noted prominent differences
      in the red cells of the rat. Analysis of ghosts by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that membranes of rat red cells were
      devoid of band 6 or the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD+ oxidoreductase
      (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12). Direct measurements of this enzyme showed that
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat erythrocytes was about
      25% of that in human cells; all of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      activity in rat erythrocytes was within the cytoplasm and none was membrane
      bound; and in the human red cell, about 1/3 of the enzyme activity was within the
      cytoplasm and 2/3 membrane bound. The release of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase from fresh rat erythrocytes immediately following saponin lysis was
      also determined using the rapid filtration technique recently described. The
      extrapolated zero-time intercepts of these reactions confirmed that, in the rat
      erythrocyte, none of the cellular glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was
      membrane bound. Failure of rat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to bind
      to the membranes of the intact rat erythrocyte seems to be due to cytoplasmic
      metabolites which interact with the enzyme and render it incapable of binding to
      the membrane.

PMID- 4041466
TI  - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase: the carboxylation of exogenous substrates in
      different systems.
AB  - Two types of solid-phase carboxylase, SPC-II and SPC-X, have been prepared from
      the livers of warfarin-treated cows. Their enzymatic activities were compared
      with substrate-free carboxylase in microsomes from normal cows and substrate
      bound carboxylase in microsomes from warfarin-treated cows. A number of exogenous
      substrates for carboxylase have been purified and tested. We found that large
      substrates, such as descarboxyprothrombin, are carboxylated only by substrate
      free carboxylase and not by the substrate-bound enzyme. No differences in
      apparent Km values between solid-phase carboxylases II and X were observed.

PMID- 4041467
TI  - Physical properties of chicken erythrocyte HMG-1, HMG-2 and HMG-E.
AB  - HMG-1, HMG-2 and HMG-E were purified from chicken erythrocyte chromatin without
      exposure to overt denaturing conditions and subjected to several types of
      physical measurement. The principal conclusions drawn from the measurements were:
      none of the proteins has a strong tendency to self-associate, although HMG-1 does
      weakly self-associate; the frictional properties of HMG-1 and HMG-E (and probably
      HMG-2) indicate that the proteins deviate significantly from compact, moderately
      hydrated spheres; and each of the proteins contains approximately 40% helix and
      little if any beta-pleated sheet.

PMID- 4041468
TI  - Inactivation of chlorophyllase by negatively charged plant membrane lipids.
AB  - Chlorophyllide combines spontaneously not only with phosphatidylcholine (PC)
      liposomes but also with various other (plant) lipids dispersed in an aqueous
      medium. The lipid-associated chlorophyllide is highly fluorescent and the
      fluorescence yield is virtually independent of the nature of the lipid.
      Chlorophyllase (chlorophyll chlorophyllidohydrolase, EC 3.1.1.14) activity assays
      that are based on the determination of this chlorophyllide fluorescence show that
      phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and also sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG),
      associate with isolated chlorophyllase, thereby inactivating the enzyme in a co
      operative way. The extent of this inactivation depends on the pH and ionic
      strength of the reaction medium and can be completely reversed by divalent
      cations (Mg2+). The inhibition of chlorophyllase effected by free PG liposomes
      can be counteracted by electrically neutral lipids at relatively high
      concentration (PC and also chloroplast lipids). Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG)
      is not effective in this respect. When PG has been incorporated in PC or DGDG
      liposomes, its ability to inhibit chlorophyllase activity is reduced. Whereas the
      remaining chlorophyllase-inactivating effect of PG, incorporated in PC, can still
      be reversed by Mg2+, this is not found when enzyme inactivation is caused by PG
      incorporated in DGDG. The results reported here are consistent with those
      obtained earlier concerning the stabilization of chlorophyllase by PG and
      PG/galactolipid mixtures (Lambers, J.W.J., Verkleij, A.J. and Terpstra, W. (1984)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 786, 1-8). They are discussed in terms of the regulation
      of chlorophyllase activity by lipids surrounding the enzyme and by divalent
      cations.

PMID- 4041469
TI  - Active forms of chymotrypsin C isolated from autolyzed porcine pancreas glands.
AB  - Four active forms of chymotrypsin C (C1, C2A, C2B, and C3) were isolated from the
      autolyzed porcine pancreas glands. Their molecular weights were estimated by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 29 100 for C1, 26 300 for C2A and C3,
      and 25 500 for C2B. The kinetic analyses of esterase activity of the enzymes
      toward Ac-LLeu-OEt and Ac-LPhe-OEt showed that chymotrypsin C1 hydrolyzed the two
      substrates more efficiently than did chymotrypsin C3. Chymotrypsin C1 consisted
      of chain A (H-Cys-...-Asn-OH, Mr 886) and chain BC (H-Val-...-Lys-OH, Mr 28 200).
      Chymotrypsin C3 consisted of the two components of C3L and C3S that could be
      dissociated in the presence of 2.3% SDS. C3L consisted of the chain A and the
      chain C (H-Ser-...-Lys-OH, Mr 13 600). C3S was the chain B (H-Val-...-Lys-OH, Mr
      11 800). These kinetic and chemical analyses show that chymotrypsins C1 and C3
      correspond to chymotrypsin A delta and A alpha, respectively.

PMID- 4041470
TI  - Activation of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase by apolipoproteins E-2, E-3,
      and A-IV isolated from human plasma.
AB  - Apolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein E-2 and apolipoprotein E-3 were individually
      incorporated into defined phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes for study of
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation. Enzyme activities obtained with
      these liposomes were compared with that from liposomes containing purified
      apolipoprotein A-I. Apolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein E-2, and apolipoprotein E
      3 all activated lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. With purified enzyme and
      with egg yolk phosphatidylcholine as the acyl donor, maximal activation was
      obtained at a concentration of approximately 0.5 nmol for apolipoprotein A-IV and
      0.4 nmol for the apolipoprotein E isoforms. Apolipoprotein A-IV was approximately
      25% as efficient as apolipoprotein A-I for the activation of purified enzyme;
      apolipoprotein E-2 was 40% as efficient, and apolipoprotein E-3, 30%. Similar
      activation results were obtained using plasma as the enzyme source. Analysis of
      the plasma of patients with absence of apolipoprotein A-I or with only trace
      amounts of apolipoprotein A-I exhibited a reduced rate of cholesterol
      esterification and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity that was
      proportional to the reduced level of the enzyme's mass. These results indicate
      that apolipoprotein A-IV and apolipoprotein E may serve as physiological
      cofactors for the enzyme reaction.

PMID- 4041471
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to avian lipoprotein lipase. Purification of the enzyme by
      immunoaffinity chromatography.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies to avian lipoprotein lipase have been isolated by
      fusing spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mice with myeloma P3X-63 Ag 8. The
      antibodies were detected by their ability to bind immobilized lipoprotein lipase
      in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by immunoprecipitation of
      purified enzyme in the presence of second (rabbit anti-mouse) antibodies. Two of
      these antibodies, CAL1-7 and CAL1-11, inhibited catalytic activity, whereas with
      CAL1-2 interaction with lipoprotein lipase could be demonstrated only in ELISA
      and in Western blot assays following denaturation of the enzyme with sodium
      dodecyl sulfate. An immunoadsorbent column was prepared by coupling
      immunopurified CAL1-11 to Sepharose-4B. When acetone powder extracts of adipose
      tissue were applied on the column, 70% of the catalytic activity bound to the
      matrix. Effective elution was achieved with 1.8 M NaCl, 40% glycerol, 5% acetone,
      20 mM Chaps (3[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate), 0.5 mM EDTA,
      1 mM phosphate (pH 6.5). After concentration of the active fractions on a heparin
      Sepharose 4B column, the purified enzyme was obtained with an overall recovery of
      25%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrates that
      the preparation is homogeneous with a major band at Mr 60900. Thus, avian adipose
      lipoprotein lipase has been purified by a one-step immunoaffinity followed by a
      concentrating step on heparin-Sepharose 4B.

PMID- 4041473
TI  - The time-course of lipid biosynthesis in horse skin.
AB  - To observe the time-course of formation of sebaceous lipids in the horse, skin
      was pulse-labelled in vivo by intradermal injection of [1-14C]acetate and the
      injection sites were harvested at intervals for up to 12 days by skin punch
      biopsy. The distribution of radioactivity among the major neutral lipid classes
      and the phospholipids from these biopsies showed that, soon after pulse
      labelling, the phospholipids were highly labelled followed by a long-term
      decrease in radioactivity. Over the same period, the low initial labelling of the
      dominant component, the equolides (giant ring omega-lactones, C32-C36), was
      followed by a long-term increase in radioactivity. This suggests a post-pulse
      transferance of radioactivity from the phospholipids to the equolides, presumably
      in the fatty acids. Of the phospholipid fatty acids from horse dermis, including
      sebaceous glands, 33% were found to contain iso-branched structures unique to
      horse sebaceous lipids. Of the iso-branched fatty acids, 40% were delta 9-18:1
      and delta 9- and delta 11-20:1 acids, which are structurally appropriate to be
      precursors for the monounsaturated equolides. These findings strengthen the
      hypothesis that the sebaceous phospholipids of horse skin serve as long-term
      lipid intermediates in the biosynthesis of the equolides during sebaceous cell
      development.

PMID- 4041472
TI  - Macrophage interaction with very-low-density lipoproteins results in
      triacylglycerol-enriched smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Macrophage-conditioned medium containing very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and
      its effects on smooth muscle cell triacylglycerol metabolism was investigated.
      Macrophages exposed to VLDL from normolipemic rats accumulated high levels of
      intracellular triacylglycerol, while similarly treated smooth muscle cells showed
      only slight changes. Medium, initially composed of VLDL and albumin, contained
      substantial levels of free fatty acids after exposure to macrophages. In the
      presence of albumin, the loss of VLDL triacylglycerol from the medium and the
      appearance of medium free fatty acids was consistent with a precursor-product
      relationship. The extent of medium fatty acid accumulation was dependent on the
      length of time of incubation with macrophages and was proportional to the
      concentration of VLDL and albumin added to the culture dish. This macrophage
      conditioned medium, when given to smooth muscle cells, promoted a 6-12-fold
      increase in smooth muscle cell triacylglycerol levels over that produced by fresh
      VLDL and albumin. Similar increases in cell triacylglycerol levels could be
      produced using fresh medium approximating the oleate concentration and the fatty
      acid to albumin molar ratios found in macrophage-conditioned medium. In
      macrophage-conditioned medium with VLDL but without albumin, little free fatty
      acid was found. Other factors produced by macrophages did not seem to affect the
      metabolism of VLDL by smooth muscle cells since, in the absence of albumin, media
      with VLDL caused comparable responses in smooth muscle cell triacylglycerol
      accumulation whether or not the medium was previously exposed to macrophages.
      Thus, the minor changes in triacylglycerol content in smooth muscle cells
      promoted by medium containing VLDL and albumin were substantially enhanced by a
      prior exposure of the medium to macrophages, primarily due to the free fatty
      acids present in the macrophage-conditioned medium.

PMID- 4041474
TI  - Secretion of phospholipase A1 by bone marrow-derived macrophages.
AB  - Bone marrow-derived macrophages contain phospholipase activity of the A1 and A2
      types, active at acid or neutral pH and with different specificities for the
      fatty acid to be liberated. In contrast to this variety, only one single
      phospholipase could be detected in extracellular fluids of these cells.
      Surprisingly, this phospholipase was of the A1 type and active at about pH 8. It
      exhibited a restricted substrate specificity in that, of the various substrates
      tested, only phosphatidylcholine containing palmitic acid in position 2 was
      degraded. This total restriction was not detected with phosphatidylethanolamine
      substrates. In addition to phospholipase A1, extracellular fluids exhibited
      lipase activity. A modulation of enzyme secretion could not be achieved by
      lymphokines or phorbol esters. However, release could be blocked by treating
      cells with cycloheximide (5 micrograms/ml) or tunicamycin (0.5 micrograms/ml).
      Phospholipase A1 was also released by thioglycollate-induced peritoneal
      macrophages.

PMID- 4041475
TI  - The availability of different sources of cholesterol for bile acid synthesis by
      cultured chick embryo hepatocytes.
AB  - The availability of different sources of cholesterol for bile acid synthesis by
      cultured chick embryo hepatocytes was studied. Mevalonolactone was taken up by
      the cells and converted to cholesterol, cholesterol ester and tauroconjugates of
      bile acids. The addition of mevalonolactone had little effect on the conversion
      of endogenous cholesterol to taurocholic acid; however, taurochenodeoxycholic
      acid synthesis was stimulated. 25-30% of the cholesterol synthesized from
      mevalonolactone was converted to taurochenodeoxycholic, taurocholic and two so
      far unidentified bile acids. All bile acids were secreted into the incubation
      medium. When cholesterol was added as mixed liposomes with phosphatidylcholine,
      it was taken up by the cells and converted to bile acids. At low concentrations
      of liposomes, the greater part of the cholesterol which was taken up by the cells
      was converted to bile acids. At higher concentrations, considerable amounts of
      cholesterol and cholesterol ester accumulated inside the cells. When
      mevalonolactone and cholesterol liposomes was added together, both substrates
      were used simultaneously for bile acids synthesis. HDL cholesterol was the best
      substrate tested, yielding large amounts of two, so-far, unidentified bile acids
      (possibly allo-bile acids) and smaller amounts of taurocholic and
      taurochenodeoxycholic acid. Addition of HDL suppressed the conversion of
      endogenous cholesterol to taurocholic acid; taurochenodeoxycholic acid synthesis,
      however, was stimulated.

PMID- 4041476
TI  - The sites of degradation of purified rat low density lipoprotein and high density
      lipoprotein in the rat.
AB  - Low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were isolated from rat serum
      by sequential ultracentrifugation in the density intervals 1.025-1.050 g/ml and
      1.125-1.21 g/ml, respectively. The isolated lipoproteins were radioiodinated
      using ICl. Low density lipoprotein was further purified by concanavalin A
      affinity chromatography and concentrated by ultracentrifugation. 95% of the
      purified low density lipoprotein radioactivity was precipitable by
      tetramethylurea, while only 4% was associated with lipids. The radioiodinated
      high density lipoprotein was incubated for 1 h at 4 degrees C with unlabelled
      very low density lipoprotein, followed by reisolation by sequential
      ultracentrifugation. Only 3% of the radioactivity was associated with lipids and
      90% was present on apolipoprotein A-I. The serum decay curves of labelled and
      subsequently purified rat low and high density lipoprotein, measured over a
      period of 28 h, clearly exhibited more than one component, in contrast to the
      monoexponential decay curves of iodinated human low density lipoprotein. The
      decay curves were not affected by the methods used to purify the LDL and HDL
      preparations. The catabolic sites of the labelled rat lipoproteins were analyzed
      in vivo using leupeptin-treated rats. In vivo treatment of rats with leupeptin
      did not affect the rate of disappearance from serum of intravenously injected
      labelled rat low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein. Leupeptin
      dependent accumulation of radioiodine occurred almost exclusively in the liver
      after intravenous injection of iodinated low density lipoprotein, while both the
      liver and the kidneys showed leupeptin-dependent accumulation of radioactivity
      after injection of iodinated high density lipoprotein.

PMID- 4041477
TI  - The presence of 5 alpha-sitostanol in the serum of a patient with
      phytosterolemia, and its biosynthesis from plant steroids in rats with bile
      fistula.
AB  - The presence of 5 alpha-sitostanol (24-ethyl-5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol) in
      serum of a patient with the rare genetic disease phytosterolemia was confirmed.
      This study aimed at clarifying the pathway(s) for the formation of 5 alpha
      sitostanol, by use of rats with bile fistula. 5 alpha-Sitostanol was formed only
      slowly from sitosterol, but readily from 24-ethyl-4-cholesten-3-one. Some
      conversion was also obtained with 7 alpha-hydroxysitosterol as precursor. In view
      of the low rate of 7 alpha-hydroxylation of sitosterol, however, a pathway from
      sitosterol to 5 alpha-sitostanol involving 7 alpha-hydroxysitosterol as
      intermediate is probably of small physiological importance. Intestinal
      microorganisms are not essential for the above conversions, since the 5 alpha
      sitostanol was found in bile from bile fistula rats. 5 alpha-Sitostanol was
      converted to water soluble metabolites (bile acids) much more slowly than was
      cholestanol (5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol), and was accumulated serum to a much
      larger extent.

PMID- 4041478
TI  - Triacylglycerol increase in plasma very low density lipoproteins in
      cyclophosphamide-treated rabbit: relationship with cholesteryl ester transfer
      activity.
AB  - We have studied the cholesteryl ester transfer between HDL and VLDL in
      cyclophosphamide-treated rabbits, in order to explain the abnormal cholesteryl
      ester partition between these two lipoprotein classes. The hypertriglyceridemia
      caused by treatment with the drug was associated with cholesteryl ester- and
      triacylglycerol-rich VLDL and with HDL poor in esterified cholesterol but
      relatively enriched in triacylglycerol. These two lipoprotein classes were
      characterized by their chemical composition and by gel filtration chromatography.
      VLDL particles were slightly larger in size, compared with controls. Different
      transfer combinations were envisaged between these abnormal lipoproteins and
      control ones. The transfer study involved the plasma fraction of d greater than
      1.21 g/ml containing the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). It appeared
      that the chemical composition of lipoproteins was responsible for the level of
      cholesteryl ester transfer between lipoproteins. Actually, when the cholesteryl
      ester acceptor lipoproteins (VLDL) were enriched in triacylglycerol, the transfer
      was enhanced. Therefore, the effect of lipolysis on the transfer has also been
      explored. Lipoprotein lipase seemed to enhance the transfer of cholesteryl ester
      from HDL to VLDL when these lipoproteins were normal, but an important decline
      was obtained when triacylglycerol-rich VLDL were lipolyzed. This study defines
      the relationship between lipoprotein chemical composition and transfer activity
      of cholesteryl ester from HDL to VLDL.

PMID- 4041479
TI  - Cholesterol can stimulate secretion of apolipoprotein B by cultured human
      hepatocytes.
AB  - During a 5 day cultivation of human hepatocytes in a primary culture the
      secretion of apolipoprotein B was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
      Density-gradient ultracentrifugation demonstrated that the majority of the
      secreted apolipoprotein B was associated with the very-low-density lipoprotein
      fraction. Exposure of the cells to cholesterol (5-100 micrograms/ml) resulted in
      a dose-dependent increase in apolipoprotein B secretion rate.

PMID- 4041480
TI  - Effect of age on the modification of rat plasma lipids by fish and soybean oil
      diets.
AB  - The effects of sardine and soybean oils on plasma lipids have been studied in
      young and aged rats. Plasma cholesterol and bile acids of aged rats fed on a
      sardine oil diet decreased to a greater degree than those of young rats.
      Cholesterol, bile acids and phospholipids of the soybean oil diet group decreased
      only in aged rats. Increases in plasma eicosapentaenoic (sardine) and linoleic
      (soybean) acid levels of aged rats were observed to be greater than those of
      young rats. These results indicate that the age enhances the effects of fish and
      soybean oils on plasma lipids by suppressing their characteristic fatty acid
      metabolism.

PMID- 4041481
TI  - Immunochemical studies on biosynthesis of rat plasma angiotensinogen and its
      regulation by cortisol.
AB  - Glucocorticosteroid hormones increase the level of rat plasma angiotensinogen by
      increasing its rate of synthesis. Two forms of plasma angiotensinogen have been
      purified differing with respect to molecular weight and affinity to concanavalin
      A. Immunochemical studies using antibodies raised against the separated forms of
      angiotensinogen revealed cross-reactivity with both antigens. Both antibodies
      were able to quantitatively precipitate the angiotensinogen activity present in
      rat serum samples. Cortisol increased the total amount of plasma renin substrate
      without changing the relative amounts of both angiotensinogen forms. mRNA coding
      for plasma angiotensinogen was determined by in vitro translation of poly(A)
      containing RNA and immunochemical analysis of translation products.
      Angiotensinogen mRNA could be detected in total poly(A)-containing RNA isolated
      from rat liver, but not in mRNA isolated from brain, although angiotensinogen has
      been reported to be present in the latter organ. The level of hepatic mRNA coding
      for plasma angiotensinogen was high in rats treated with cortisol, but not
      detectable in animals depleted from endogenous glucocorticosteroids by bilateral
      adrenalectomy.

PMID- 4041482
TI  - The transformation of chlorophenols by lactoperoxidase.
AB  - The lactoperoxidase-catalyzed transformations of penta-,2,3,4,6-tetra-, 2,4,6-tri
      , 2,4-di- and 4-monochlorophenol were followed spectrophotometrically. Apparent
      stoichiometries of chlorophenol:H2O2 ranged from 1:1 for the tri- and
      tetrachlorophenol at pH7 to 5:2 for pentachlorophenol at pH 4. The initial
      velocity (v0) was only slightly influenced by changes in [H2O2] greater then 5
      microns. v0 responded to [chlorophenol] according to the empirical expression
      v0=[lactoperoxidase] . (k1[chlorophenol] + k2[chlorophenol]2). The constant k1
      was trichlorophenol, respectively, at pH 7. With the di- and monochlorophenol the
      solution soon became opaque, and the reaction ceased. The results show that more
      than one reaction occurs. Some comparisons were also made with horseradish
      peroxidase A and C. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide prevented opaqueness, but was
      shown to be a substrate for lactoperoxidase. Assuming an average concentration of
      0.1 microns for H2O2 and pentachlorophenol in man, the metabolic rate becomes 30
      ng/h per g of peroxidase-containing tissue, possibly with deposition of the
      products.

PMID- 4041484
TI  - The effect of quin2 on chemotaxis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Exposure of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes to micromolar concentrations of
      quin2-AM results in high intracellular concentrations of quin2, which lead to
      inhibition of chemotaxis. The loading efficiency of polymorphonuclear leukocytes,
      being the percentage of quin2-AM which is taken up by the cells and transformed
      intracellularly into quin2, is very high, reaches a maximum after 30 min, is
      independent of the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and is fairly independent of
      cell concentration. As a consequence, inhibition of chemotaxis is strongly
      dependent on experimental conditions: with a low cell density (3 X 10(6)/ml)
      exposure to 20 microM quin2-AM results in complete inhibition of chemotaxis,
      whereas the same concentration of quin2-AM is nearly without effect when an 8
      fold higher cell concentration is used. Inhibition by quin2 is dependent on
      extracellular Ca2+; inhibition is more pronounced in the absence of extracellular
      Ca2+ than in its presence. It is suggested that quin2 inhibits chemotaxis by
      interference with intracellular Ca2+.

PMID- 4041483
TI  - Evidence that membrane phospholipids and protein are required for binding of
      diphtheria toxin in Vero cells.
AB  - Treatment with phospholipase C strongly protected monkey kidney (Vero) cells
      against diphtheria toxin and reduced the ability of the cells to bind 125I
      labelled toxin. Treatment with phospholipase D and with trypsin also protected
      the cells, although to a lesser extent. Phospholipase A2 had no protective
      effect. Phospholipase C also protected fetal hamster kidney cells against the
      toxin. After removal of the enzymes, as well as after treatment of the cells with
      4-acetamide 4'-isothiocyanostilbene 2,2'-disulfonic acid, diphtheria toxin
      binding capability was restored slowly, apparently by a process requiring protein
      synthesis, since cycloheximide blocked the restoration. The data indicate that
      both phospholipids and protein are involved in the binding sites for diphtheria
      toxin.

PMID- 4041485
TI  - Repair of methylated bases in mammalian cells during adaptive response to
      alkylating agents.
AB  - Pretreatment of H4 (rat hepatoma) cells for 48 h with non toxic doses of
      alkylating agents methylmethane sulfonate, (MMS), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) renders the cells more resistant to the toxic and
      mutagenic effects of these compounds. This adaptive response seems to reflect
      improved repair of methylated lesions in cellular DNA. Therefore, we measured the
      activity of the DNA-glycosylase for N-methylated purines (7-MeGua and 3-MeAd) and
      the activity of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in control and adapted
      cells. We show that the adaptive response does not significantly increase the DNA
      glycosylase activity but involves the induction of methyltransferase molecules.

PMID- 4041486
TI  - Evolution of replicators playing a strategic game.
AB  - A mathematical model of replicator evolution is considered. Replicators are words
      of a formal language specifying a strategy for a parlour game. They replicate
      with mutations and are selected according to their pay-off against other
      replicators.

PMID- 4041487
TI  - A two dimensional model for saccade generation.
AB  - A model for the generation of oblique saccades is constructed by extending and
      modifying the one dimensional local feedback model. It is proposed that the
      visual system stores target location in inertial coordinates, but that the
      feedback loop which guides saccades works in retinotopic coordinates. To achieve
      straight trajectories for centripetal and centrifugal saccades in all meridians,
      a comparator computes motor error as a vector and uses the vectorial error signal
      to drive two orthogonally-acting burst generators. The generation of straight
      saccade trajectories when the extraocular muscles are of unequal strengths
      requires the introduction of a burst-tonic cell input to motor neurons. The model
      accounts for the results of two-site stimulation of the superior colliculus and
      frontal eye fields by allowing simultaneous activation of more than one
      comparator. The postulated existence of multiple comparators suggests that motor
      error may be computed topographically.

PMID- 4041488
TI  - A neuro-synaptic model of the auditory masking and unmasking process.
AB  - A model of bilateral information processing in the auditory system was presented
      on the basis of the interaction of postsynaptic potentials intra- and inter
      nuclei in order to analyze the mechanism of binaural unmasking as well as
      monaural masking. The system was composed of a bilateral pair of auditory nuclei,
      which were organized in two parallel afferent systems as well as an efferent
      system. In the model, bilateral inputs were processed in three stages, i.e., the
      detection of interaural differences by the first afferent system, the
      equalization of relative neural timing by the efferent system, and the
      cancellation of specific spectral components by the second afferent system.
      Assuming the masking process to be forward and backward inhibitions on the
      auditory memory of signal by the ones of noise, the unmasking process could be
      explained as a result of disinhibition by the cancellation of bilateral masker
      inputs.

PMID- 4041489
TI  - On the mechanisms underlying appearance of responses to movement, directional
      sensitivity and velocity tuning of the cat's striate cortical neurons.
AB  - The responses to moving and stationary stimuli of 27 cat's striate cortical units
      were studied. Two stationary light bars located in different parts of the
      receptive field were used. The order of presentation and the time-interval
      between the stimuli varied; so, the presentation of a pair of stationary stimuli
      was an analogue of a moving stimulus. It was shown that responses occurred in
      neurons previously unresponsive to stationary stimuli when two stationary stimuli
      were presented successively in certain order. In the direction-sensitive units an
      asymmetry of the temporal course of the inhibitory processes was observed. The
      inhibitory zone located on the side of the preferred direction of movement was
      characterized by an early inhibitory phase followed by a phase of disinhibition
      and by a second inhibitory phase. For the inhibitory zone located on the side of
      the null direction no disinhibitory phase was demonstrated. The significance of
      the spatial and temporal characteristics of the receptive field for the
      appearance of responses to movement, the directional sensitivity and the velocity
      tuning in striate neurons is discussed.

PMID- 4041490
TI  - Cross-modal identification: effects of contingent changes in the stimulus series.
AB  - Two computer controlled experiments in an olfactory cross-modal matching task,
      using two-component odour mixtures matched against bar diagrams, were designed so
      that stimulus presentation was contingent upon the recent performance of the
      subject; stimuli that were relatively poorly (in experiment 1) or well (in
      experiment 2) matched were more frequently presented. Analysis shows that the
      autoregressive structure of the performance is modified by such contingent
      presentation and that there is a weak relationship between transmitted
      information in matching and the time series structure of the matching errors. It
      is suggested that the process is nonlinear.

PMID- 4041491
TI  - [Interaction of blood sex steroid-binding globulin-steroid complexes with plasma
      membranes of human decidual endometrium cells].
AB  - Plasma membranes of decidual tissue cells specifically bind the sex steroid
      binding globulin (SBP) complexes with estrogen (estradiol, estriol, estrone) and
      with the pharmacological agent danazol but do not interact with the SBP
      testosterone or SBP-dihydrotestosterone complexes. The selectivity of interaction
      of the SBP-steroid complexes with decidual tissue cellular membranes provide
      evidence for the active role of SBP in the realization of steroid effects on the
      target tissue.

PMID- 4041492
TI  - [Effect of hyperthermia on the polypeptide composition of the nuclear matrix of
      the rat liver].
AB  - The increase in rat body temperature by 2-3 degrees as a result of overheating
      (45 degrees C, 22% humidity) over 90 and 120 min is accompanied by changes in the
      rate of labeled precursors incorporation into rat liver protein fractions. The
      incorporation of labeled amino acids into liver nuclear matrix proteins within
      the first 90 min of overheating is somewhat decreased, whereas 120 min thereafter
      it exceeds by 30% the corresponding values in control animals kept at room
      temperature. The polypeptide pattern of the nuclear matrix in hyperthermia is
      characterized by an increased relative content of polypeptide components around
      Mr 100, 55, 40 and 30 kDa against a decreased level of several polypeptides as
      compared to the control.

PMID- 4041493
TI  - [Aggregation of fragmented chromatin associated with the synthesis of products of
      its treatment with nuclease].
AB  - Isolated cell nuclei were incubated with nucleases followed by extraction of
      chromatin with a low salt buffer. With an increase of nuclear chromatin
      degradation with DNAse I or micrococcal nuclease, solubilization of
      deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) by a low salt buffer increases, reaching a maximum
      upon hydrolysis with 2-4% nuclear DNA and then decreases appreciably after
      extensive treatment with nucleases. Soluble fragmented chromatin aggregates in
      the course of treatment with DNAase. I. Addition to gel chromatin preparations of
      exogenous products of nuclease treatment of isolated nuclei leads to its
      aggregation. Pretreatment of nuclear chromatin with RNAase prevents
      solubilization of DNP by low ionic strength solutions. Some experimental data
      obtained with the use of severe nuclease treatment are discussed; for a correct
      interpretation of these data the aggregation of fragmented chromatin by products
      of its nuclease degradation should be taken into consideration.

PMID- 4041494
TI  - [Interaction of blood sex steroid-binding globulin with cell membranes of human
      decidual tissue].
AB  - The interaction of sex steroid-binding globulin (SHBG) from human blood with
      plasma membranes of human decidual tissue cells (estradiol target tissue) was
      investigated. It was shown that SHBG complexed with estradiol specifically
      interacts with these membranes. The dissociation constant (Kdis) for this
      interaction is (3.5 +/- 2.0) X 10(-12) M. The interaction of the SHBG-estradiol
      complex with the membranes is characterized by a high selectivity; such serum
      globulins as albumin, orosomucoid, transferrin, transcortin and the thyroxine
      binding globulin do not compete with SHBG for the binding sites on the membranes.
      The SHBG-testosterone complex and SHBG alone do not interact with the membranes
      either.

PMID- 4041495
TI  - [Structural characteristics of DNA from the rat liver during inhibition of
      protein synthesis with cycloheximide].
AB  - At cot around 20, the rat liver DNA reassociation curves were obtained 12-48
      hours after injection of the animals with sublethal doses of cycloheximide. In
      total preparations of DNA-24 and DNA-36 at cot 0.02-0.06, the number of fast
      reassociating sequences was increased, on the average, by 4%. The differences in
      reassociation rates for individual kinetic fractions are 2.5-3-fold. The total
      incorporation of the label into DNA-24 preparations is sharply decreased;
      however, a marked distinction in the incorporation between the fractions in
      parameter cot was observed.

PMID- 4041496
TI  - [Structural characteristics of the recognition site of cholinergic ligands of the
      nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from squid optic ganglia].
AB  - The effect of chemical modification on the binding of cholinergic ligands to
      nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from squid optical ganglion was studied. The
      existence of two chemically distinct subpopulations of binding sites was
      postulated. Subpopulation I contains, in all probability, Arg, Tyr and carboxyl
      groups critical for the binding of both ligands. Subpopulation II differs from
      the first one in the amino group present instead of Arg. The amino group
      important for the binding of d-tubocurarine alone was found in both
      subpopulations. The data obtained allow one to construct a model of nicotinic
      acetylcholine receptor cholinergic ligand recognition sites.

PMID- 4041497
TI  - [Induction of microsomal cytochromes in the rat liver after intravenous
      administration of emulsions of perfluoro-organic compounds].
AB  - Intravenous injections of perfluoroorganic emulsions to rats in a dose of 3 ml/kg
      led to changes in the composition and activity of enzymes of the liver microsomal
      membrane monooxygenase system. At the peak of induction, i. e., on the 3rd post
      injection day, the levels of microsomal cytochromes P-450 and b5 increased 2.8-
      and 1.9-fold, respectively, as compared to the control. Simultaneously, the rate
      of NADPH oxidation in the microsomes and the rate of hydroxylation of substrates
      I and II showed an increase. Conversely, the rate of NADPH-dependent peroxidation
      of microsomal lipids on the 2nd-4th post-injection days reached its minimal
      values. These injections stimulated the detoxicating function of rat liver as
      evidenced from the duration of the hexenal sleep of the animals. All the changes
      in the monooxygenase system parameters were temporary and reached the control
      level on the 10th-14th days after injection. It was demonstrated that the main
      component of the perfluoroorganic emulsions, perfluorodecalin, was responsible
      for the induction of the monooxygenase system enzymes.

PMID- 4041498
TI  - [Dependence of the properties of dioxane-based scintillation systems on the
      concentration of the components].
AB  - Characteristics of dioxan-based scintillation system have been studied. A
      composition for scintillation cocktails ensuring an effective homogeneous count
      of radioactive water samples (0-8% V) at minimum expense of ethyl alcohol has
      been suggested.

PMID- 4041499
TI  - Nonmigrating rhythmic activity in the stomach and duodenum of neonates.
AB  - We studied gastrointestinal motility in 20 infants, using a modified manometric
      method for neonates, and compared it to that in adults. Changes in the
      intragastric and intraduodenal pressures were recorded for 3 h after the
      ingestion of milk. Bands of contractions with the same rhythmicity as phase III
      activity in adults were frequently recorded. Some of them migrated caudally and
      were speculated to the equivalent of phase III activity of the interdigestive
      migrating complex (IMC) in adults. However, others did not migrate and showed
      some differences from phase III activity of adults and infants in the time of
      occurrence, duration and amplitude. The characteristic of gastroduodenal motility
      in infants was the frequent occurrence of these bands of nonmigrating rhythmic
      concentrations. Our findings indicated the following problems: (1) there are some
      differences in gastrointestinal motility between infants and adults and further
      investigations are required for the evaluation of the physiology or
      pathophysiology of this phenomenon; (2) in infants, many bands of rhythmic
      contractions of the alimentary tracts can exist without migration. This indicates
      the possibility that the occurrence of rhythmic contractions and their migration
      are regulated by different mechanisms.

PMID- 4041500
TI  - Small intestine transit time and lactose absorption during phototherapy.
AB  - Diarrhea is often seen during phototherapy in jaundiced infants. Lactose
      malabsorption and reduced gut transit time (GTT) are some of the proposed
      explanations. However, the etiology of the diarrhea is still controversial. We
      investigated GTT and lactose absorption during phototherapy using the H2 breath
      test. Breath H2 was measured every 10 min for 150 min after feeding of jaundiced
      infants with and without phototherapy, and in controls. There were 12 newborns in
      each group. The time of increase of H2 excretion over 10 ppm was taken as the
      transit time. Lactose malabsorption was estimated by integrating the area under
      the excess H2 curve. No difference was found in GTT, lactose absorption, peak
      breath H2 and the time of the peak between phototherapy-treated infants and
      jaundiced and nonjaundiced infants. The results did not support the presence of
      lactose malabsorption during phototherapy and the decreased total GTT reported in
      the literature was not due to shortened small intestinal transit time.

PMID- 4041501
TI  - Starvation-induced organ hypoplasia in prenatal and postnatal guinea pigs.
AB  - The severity and permanence of growth retardation was measured in guinea pigs
      starved for 3 weeks with a 50% ration in late gestation (prenatal), at birth
      (neonatal), or at weaning. Acute and chronic effects were assessed as body mass,
      skeletal length, hematology, and the weight, DNA and protein contents of the
      hearts, the lungs, and the livers of the starved and refed animals. Organ
      hypoplasia was most pronounced in the prenatally starved group, and was
      associated with numerous stillbirths. Among survivors, catch-up growth was
      eventually complete. Prenatal starvation of this species provides a reproducible
      model of human intrauterine growth retardation, particularly of the pulmonary
      system.

PMID- 4041502
TI  - Changes in plasma arginine vasopressin during transition from fetus to newborn
      following minimal trauma delivery of lambs and goats.
AB  - Vasopressin in umbilical arterial and venous blood is high at delivery and may be
      important in the maintenance of arterial pressure and absorption of lung liquid.
      We used chronically instrumented near-term fetal lambs and goats to investigate
      the changes in plasma vasopressin that occur during perinatal cardiovascular
      transition following cesarean section without labor. Plasma arginine vasopressin
      was more than 5 times greater 15 min following birth than immediately prior to
      clamping the umbilicus, and it fell progressively over the ensuing 2-5 h to
      levels not significantly different from before birth. Fifteen min after delivery,
      neither arterial pressure, blood gases, nor pH appeared to account for the
      increase.

PMID- 4041503
TI  - Protection by magnesium of renal calcinosis in furosemide-treated weanling rats
      with moderate magnesium deficiency.
AB  - Prolonged treatment of premature infants with the potent diuretic furosemide has
      resulted in hypercalciuria, sometimes with renal calcinosis and other
      complications. Furosemide was administered to weanling rats to explore its effect
      on magnesium and calcium metabolism. The animals were fed purified diets
      providing 40 mg magnesium/100 g diet or 10 mg magnesium/100 g. Half of each
      dietary group (40-F or 10-F) received 18 doses of furosemide, 20 mg/kg body
      weight, intraperitoneally between days 7 and 35, and half received normal saline
      intraperitoneally (40-O or 10-O). Furosemide had little effect on the magnesium
      sufficient animals (40-F), but comparison of 10-O and 10-F data showed that it
      aggravated the magnesium-deficiency syndrome. Comparison of data from 40-F and 10
      F animals showed the protective effect of magnesium in preserving calcium
      homeostasis in furosemide-treated animals: the elevation of calcium values in 10
      F rats was greater in plasma (p less than 0.0005), heart (p less than 0.0025),
      and kidney (p less than 0.0005). Stated another way, furosemide was associated
      with severely disordered calcium metabolism only in animals fed suboptimal
      magnesium. Studies exploring the role of magnesium in furosemide-treated infants
      can be recommended.

PMID- 4041504
TI  - Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the newborn beagle puppy.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (RCBF) was measured in 17 newborn beagle puppies
      under conditions of moderate hypotension, normotension, and moderate
      hypertension. RCBF demonstrated autoregulation over the blood pressure range 35
      70 mm Hg. When arterial pressure exceeded 75 mm Hg, RCBF increased significantly
      for all grey matter structures, 2 of 4 white matter structures, and 2 of 3
      germinal matrix structures. The magnitude of the hypertension-induced increase in
      RCBF was highest for thalamic and mesencephalic nuclei, intermediate in cerebral
      cortex and other subcortical nuclei, and lowest in white matter. The hypertension
      induced increase in CBF was low (similar to white matter) in some areas of
      germinal matrix but higher (similar to midline cerebral cortex) to rostral
      germinal matrix. The differences in RCBF during hypertension between rostral
      germinal matrix and cerebral white matter may partially explain the vulnerability
      of the germinal matrix to hemorrhage.

PMID- 4041505
TI  - Effect of digitoxin on vaginal epithelial differentiation in the Balb/c mouse.
AB  - Vaginal epithelial differentiation (VED) in the mouse and the human is the
      replacement of columnar by squamous epithelium in the vagina. This occurs in
      humans in late first and second trimesters of pregnancy and in mice after birth.
      In both diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure during the process is associated with
      persistence of columnar epithelium and later reproductive tract tumor. Cardiac
      glycosides are estrogenic in both species. The concern: could cardiac glycosides
      produce similar effects to those seen after DES? Digitoxin was administered to
      Balb/c neonates at increasing doses. VED occurred by 10 days in three low-dose
      groups. Cardiotoxic mortality precluded study at higher doses. Therefore
      digitoxin did not affect VED.

PMID- 4041506
TI  - Placental handling of zinc in the guinea pig.
AB  - The distribution of zinc between the mother and the fetoplacental unit, and its
      placental transfer, were studied using stable and isotopic zinc in
      unanaesthetized pregnant guinea pigs and an in situ perfusion preparation. The
      concentration of stable zinc in fetal plasma and skeletal muscle was higher than
      that in the maternal tissues: 2.0 compared with 1.4 micrograms/ml and 84 with 49
      ng/mg dry weight, respectively. The placenta and maternal and fetal liver had
      similar zinc concentrations: 90, 75 and 88 ng/mg dry weight, respectively. The
      ability of the placenta to concentrate 65Zn, measured 1 h after a single
      intravenous injection into the unanaesthetized mother, was comparable with that
      of the maternal liver. Maternal-fetal mass transfer of zinc was directly related
      to maternal plasma zinc concentrations from 0.7 to 24.1 micrograms/ml (b = 2 ng X
      min-1 X g-1 X microgram-1, r = 0.92). At physiological plasma levels, the
      calculated transfer would supply the fetus with 0.12 mg zinc/day, similar to the
      accretion rate over the last trimester. Placental transfer of zinc was not
      influenced by the concentration of zinc in the placental perfusate. Extraction of
      zinc from the perfusate was also slow, and partly by absorption. Maternofetal
      transfer of zinc was directly related to both uterine and umbilical blood flows.
      The high concentration of zinc in the syncytium, relative to both maternal and
      fetal plasma levels, suggests active uptake at the maternal surface, combined
      with a slow release into the fetus, down a concentration gradient.

PMID- 4041507
TI  - Carnitine and carnitine transferases in the intestinal mucosa of suckling rats.
AB  - Carnitine acetyltransferase and palmitoyltransferase activity in the mucosa of
      the small intestine of rats rises after birth and falls at the time of weaning.
      The carnitine contents of the mucosa (free, acetyl-, palmitoyl- and total)
      decrease postnatally, reaching adult levels at the time of weaning. Orally
      administered 14C-carnitine is only slowly absorbed so that radioactivity is still
      high in plasma and organs 6 h later, whereas label given subcutaneously
      disappears from the plasma and tissues more rapidly. The intestinal mucosa also
      takes up carnitine from 14C-carnitine administered subcutaneously. It is
      concluded that carnitine plays an important role in the gut of suckling rats.

PMID- 4041508
TI  - Effects of fasting on glucose turnover rate and metabolite levels in conscious
      pregnant guinea pigs.
AB  - The effect of fasting during pregnancy is of particular interest in the guinea
      pig because of the large fetal mass carried to term. The present studies examined
      the effect of acute and chronic starvation on maternal glucose turnover in the
      guinea pig. In the first experiment, 7 near-term pregnant guinea pigs were fasted
      for 6 h. The maternal glucose concentration and glucose production decreased
      rapidly, falling to about 65-70% of fed levels at 4 h of starvation. Mothers
      demonstrated a 2.6-fold elevation in ketoacids after 2, 4 and 6 h starvation. In
      a second experiment, 5 non-pregnant and 11 near-term pregnant animals were
      studied in the control period and after 24 h of fasting. The maternal glucose
      concentration in the control state was independent of fetal mass. The maternal
      glucose turnover rate in the fed state correlated linearly with fetal mass. After
      24 h of fasting, the glucose concentration and glucose turnover rate both
      decreased, with the magnitude of each decrease proportional to fetal mass. We
      conclude that, in the pregnant guinea pig, the fetal mass impacts significantly
      on maternal glucose metabolism in the fed and fasting states.

PMID- 4041509
TI  - Counting counts.

PMID- 4041510
TI  - Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid protein indices in schizophrenia.
AB  - Determinations of albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were performed in paired
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 24 subjects with schizophrenia.
      These determinations allowed calculation of two indices, one that is an indicator
      of integrity of the blood-brain barrier and the other a measure of selective IgG
      production within the central nervous system (CNS). In comparison with previously
      determined reference values, 7 of 24 (29%) subjects showed increased blood-brain
      barrier permeability, and 8 of 24 (33%) demonstrated elevated endogenous CNS IgG
      production. One of these eight also demonstrated oligoclonal banding on high
      resolution protein electrophoresis of the CSF.

PMID- 4041511
TI  - Daily patterns of serotonin uptake in platelets from psychiatric patients and
      control volunteers.
AB  - Serotonin (5-HT) uptake into platelets from psychiatric patients and controls was
      measured in the morning and afternoon. Uptake varied with time of day in both
      groups studied, resulting in four recognizable patterns. Two patterns occurred in
      the majority of controls. In contrast, uptake patterns in the psychiatric
      patients were more variable, with each of the four patterns clearly represented.
      However, except for the fact that uptake was significantly decreased throughout
      the day in depressed patients, the patterns were not otherwise linked
      statistically to clinical condition. In any event, the greater variability of
      daily 5-HT uptake patterns in patients suggests that psychiatric disorders linked
      presumably to central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction are in some way reflected
      by labile platelet 5-HT pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 4041512
TI  - Use of the polyethylene glycol adduct of L-asparaginase for the treatment of
      hyperasparaginemia in a schizophrenic patient.
AB  - A man with hyperasparaginemia, presumably due to chronic deficiency of
      asparaginase activity, had been schizophrenic and unresponsive to antipsychotic
      drugs for at least 22 years. He was given repeated injections of bacterial L
      asparaginase rendered relatively nonimmunogenic by covalent binding to
      polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG-asparaginase lowered plasma asparagine
      concentrations from 4 to 5 SD above normal down to undetectable levels, and
      eliminated asparagine from the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite biochemical
      correction lasting at least 55 days, the patient did not improve psychiatrically.
      Experience limited to this single patient suggests that PEG-asparaginase therapy
      is relatively innocuous, but does not clarify whether there is an etiological
      relationship between hyperasparaginemia and psychiatric illness.

PMID- 4041513
TI  - The effect of nonsedating doses of diazepam on regional cerebral blood flow.
AB  - Drugs like diazepam induce tranquilization in small doses and sedation in larger
      quantities. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured before and 5 min
      after the intravenous administration of nonsedating doses of diazepam or placebo
      (given on a double-blind basis) to 20 right-handed volunteers. Subjects who
      received diazepam showed marked right hemispheric rCBF decreases, especially in
      the frontal lobe, whereas controls did not show significant differences between
      the two sets of values. None of the subjects became sleepy during the experiment.

PMID- 4041514
TI  - Normal pressure hydrocephalus and psychiatric patients.

PMID- 4041515
TI  - Lateralization of visual hallucinations in chronic schizophrenia.

PMID- 4041516
TI  - Gender effects seen in the cerebral ventricular/brain ratio (VBR).

PMID- 4041517
TI  - Introversion, attention and the late positive component of event-related
      potentials.
AB  - Variation in P3 amplitude across normal individuals under the same experimental
      conditions has been routinely observed. The possibility that such variation
      reflects individual differences in the allocation of attention was examined by
      comparing P3 amplitude in introverts and extraverts, who are thought to differ in
      the allocation of attention during monotonous tasks. Event-related potentials
      were recorded while the subjects participated in a lengthy stimulus prediction
      task. P3 amplitude was determined by principal components analysis and it was
      found to be significantly larger for the introverts than for the extraverts. This
      finding is interpreted as evidence that P3 amplitude is sensitive to individual
      differences in the allocation of attention.

PMID- 4041518
TI  - Cardiac responses to psychological tasks: impedance cardiographic studies.
AB  - In a series of studies, cardiac activity, assessed with an impedance cardiograph,
      was monitored as college students performed either a visual search or pursuit
      rotor task. Heart rate, systolic time intervals, stroke volume, cardiac output
      and the Heather (1969) index of contractility were measured before, during and
      after performance. In the first study, visual search did not affect the
      participants' (N = 44) level of cardiac output or their length of the pre
      ejection period. It is likely that the lack of charge in cardiac output resulted
      from a fall in stroke volume and in the Heather index while the task was
      performed. Heart rate was most rapid during performance and emerged as the only
      measure affected by the withdrawal of monetary incentives for failure to solve
      the visual search problem. In the second study, 40 subjects performed a pursuit
      rotor task and increases in cardiac output as well as changes in all of the other
      cardiac measures occurred. The level of task difficulty influenced the extent of
      heart rate increases and stroke volume decreases during performance. An
      additional 20 male subjects participated in a third study in which the level of
      difficulty of the pursuit rotor task was signalled and the order of the levels of
      difficulty was balanced across trial blocks. Under these conditions, the changes
      in cardiac activity before, during and after performance were similar to those
      observed in the first two studies. Heart rate was the only measure sensitive to
      the level of task difficulty. In general, the findings underscore the sensitivity
      of heart rate to changes in subtle aspects of psychological situations. To enlist
      increases in cardiac output and inotropic parameters extensive alterations in
      behavioral state are required.

PMID- 4041519
TI  - Transcutaneous partial oxygen tension and skin blood flow monitoring: continuous,
      noninvasive measures of cardiorespiratory change.
AB  - Transcutaneous partial oxygen tension (tc pO2) and skin blood flow (via heat
      clearance) were measured noninvasively in 22 male subjects who performed stress
      inducing tasks (i.e. hand-grip exercise, cold pressor test, breath holding,
      hyperventilation and mirror-tracing). An analysis of variance and covariance was
      conducted for tc pO2, heat clearance, heart rate, respiration rate, finger pulse
      volume and systolic/diastolic blood pressure. Results indicate that tc pO2 can
      depict phasic cardiorespiratory challenge. Heat clearance proved to be less
      sensitive to the demand conditions used here. An analysis of covariance revealed
      a negative correlation between tc pO2 and blood pressure and respiration rate, as
      well as a positive correlation between tc pO2 and heat clearance. This suggests
      that phasic changes in tc pO2 are induced by both peripheral vasomotor activity
      and changes in arterial pO2.

PMID- 4041520
TI  - Pheromone-induced reproductive inhibition in young female Peromyscus leucopus.
AB  - Soiled bedding and urine from adult female white-footed mice (Peromyscus
      leucopus) were tested for their capacity to inhibit reproduction of young
      females. Test animals were given either physical or airborne contact with soiled
      bedding from adult females, adult female urine, clean bedding, or water from 21
      to 150 days of age. Results indicate that reproductive inhibition is due to an
      airborne pheromone emitted by the adult females as a component of their urine. In
      the second experiment, young female mice were exposed to an adult female for 0,
      1, 3, 6, 12, 18, or 24 h/day from 21 to 150 days of age. Results from this
      experiment show that exposure to adult females of as little as 3 h/day was
      sufficient to cause reproductive inhibition to occur. This phenomenon has
      important implications in terms of both female-female reproductive competition
      and socially mediated population regulation.

PMID- 4041521
TI  - Sexual maturation in male Belding's ground squirrels: influence of body weight.
AB  - The relation between body weight and sexual maturation was examined in a
      hibernator, Belding's ground squirrel, by manipulating the availability of food
      to weaned juvenile males. Following body weight manipulation in the summer,
      testicular growth, serum testosterone, and spermatogenesis were monitored during
      the subsequent year, which included 7 mo when males were in the coldroom (ca. 8
      degrees C), followed by 5 mo in the laboratory (ca. 20 degrees C). Juveniles
      (less than 1 yr old) maintained on a restricted diet entered the coldroom at
      normal body weights for their age class in nature and had immature gonads
      throughout the year, which is characteristic of this group in the field. In
      contrast, juveniles given abundant food during the summer entered the coldroom at
      body weights typical for free-living yearlings and exhibited mature gonads
      shortly after males were removed from the cold (high relative testis weights,
      high serum testosterone levels, and all stages of spermatogenesis). The high
      level of gonadal activity in overfed males was confined to a period of a few
      weeks in the spring, which coincided with the time when mating occurs in nature.
      The ability of male Belding's ground squirrels to accumulate body weight prior to
      hibernation seems important to sexual maturation in this seasonally breeding
      rodent.

PMID- 4041522
TI  - Changes in patterns of luteinizing hormone secretion before and after the first
      ovulation in the postpartum mare.
AB  - To determine whether luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion during the first estrous
      cycle postpartum is characterized by pulsatile release, circulating LH
      concentrations were measured in 8 postpartum mares, 4 of which had been treated
      with 150 mg progesterone and 10 mg estradiol daily for 20 days after foaling to
      delay ovulation. Blood samples were collected every 15 min for 8 h on 4
      occasions: 3 times during the follicular phase (Days 2-4, 5-7, and 8-11 after
      either foaling or end of steroid treatment), and once during the luteal phase
      (Days 5-8 after ovulation). Ovulation occurred in 4 mares 13.2 +/- 0.6 days
      postpartum and in 3 of 4 mares 12.0 +/- 1.1 days post-treatment. Before
      ovulation, low-amplitude LH pulses (approximately 1 ng/ml) were observed in 3
      mares; such LH pulses occurred irregularly (1-2/8 h) and were unrelated to mean
      circulating LH levels, which gradually increased from less than 1 ng/ml at
      foaling or end of steroid treatment to maximum levels (12.3 ng/ml) within 48 h
      after ovulation. In contrast, 1-3 high-amplitude LH pulses (3.7 +/- 0.7 ng/ml)
      were observed in 6 of 7 mares during an 8-h period of the luteal phase. The
      results suggest that in postpartum mares LH release is pulsatile during the
      luteal phase of the estrous cycle, whereas before ovulation LH pulses cannot be
      readily identified.

PMID- 4041523
TI  - Seasonal changes in pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in the ewe:
      relationship of frequency of LH pulses to day length and response to estradiol
      negative feedback.
AB  - Seasonal changes in pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in
      ovariectomized ewes were examined over the course of 2 yr in relation to annual
      changes in environmental photoperiod, shifts in response to estradiol negative
      feedback control of LH secretion, and timing of the breeding season. Under
      natural environmental conditions, the frequency of LH pulses in individual
      ovariectomized ewes changed gradually and in close association with the annual
      cycle of day length. As days became shorter in late summer and autumn, LH pulse
      frequency increased; conversely, as day length increased in late winter and
      spring, frequency declined. Under artificial conditions in which ovariectomized
      ewes were exposed to different photoperiods, a similar inverse relationship was
      observed between day length and LH pulse frequency. The seasonal changes in
      frequency of LH pulses in ovariectomized ewes, although symmetric with the annual
      photoperiodic cycle, were not temporally coupled to the dramatic shifts in
      response to estradiol feedback inhibition of LH secretion at the transitions
      between breeding season and anestrus. The feedback shifts occurred abruptly and
      at times when LH pulse frequency in ovariectomized ewes was at, or near, the
      annual maximum or minimum. The tight coupling between LH pulse frequency and
      photoperiod leads to the conclusion that there is a photoperiodic drive to the LH
      pulse-generating system of the ewe. The temporal dissociation between changes in
      this photoperiodic drive and the seasonal shifts in response to estradiol
      negative feedback support the hypothesis that the neuroendocrine basis for these
      two phenomena is not one and the same.

PMID- 4041524
TI  - Development of hamster circadian rhythms. I. Within-litter synchrony of mother
      and pup activity rhythms at weaning.
AB  - The circadian wheel-running activity rhythms of individual hamster pups raised
      and maintained in constant dim light were measured beginning at 18 days of age.
      Records of the postweaning free-running activity rhythm were used to determine
      the phase of a pup's rhythm on the day of weaning and its phase relationship to
      its mother's rhythm. Although raised in constant light, the rhythms of pups
      within a litter were approximately synchronous and in phase with their mother's
      activity rhythm. These results indicate that the circadian oscillator underlying
      the activity rhythm is functional prior to weaning and is entrained by some as
      yet unidentified aspect of maternal rhythmicity. Furthermore, the results suggest
      that even in the absence of external entraining cycles, behavioral rhythms, and
      perhaps physiologic rhythms as well, of a mother and her offspring are normally
      synchronized.

PMID- 4041525
TI  - Prepuberal reproductive defects in neonatal estrogenized male rats.
AB  - Intact Wistar male rats injected on Day 1 with 500 micrograms of estradiol
      benzoate or olive oil were decapitated on Days 15 and 22 or maintained until
      adulthood to analyze the balanopreputial separation. Other oil or estradiol
      treated rats were orchidectomized on Day 15 and decapitated on Day 22. The
      neonatal estrogenization produced the following reproductive changes prior to
      puberty: testis, adrenal, and ventral prostate atrophy; increase in the weights
      of seminal vesicles and epididymis; decrease in testosterone plasma levels;
      delayed balanopreputial separation; abolition of luteinizing hormone response to
      orchidectomy; transient increase in prolactin plasma levels; and blockade in
      seminal and prostate response to orchidectomy.

PMID- 4041526
TI  - In vitro fertilization in the rabbit after delayed ovum recovery.
AB  - Rabbit ovum donors were superovulated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin
      (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Ova were recovered 16-17 h post
      hCG from oviducts immediately after killing and from excised oviducts held in
      saline 30 min at 33 degrees or 38 degrees C prior to ovum recovery. In vivo
      capacitated spermatozoa were used to inseminate both groups of ova. Data revealed
      a decrease in fertilization rates following a 30-min delay at 38 degrees C in
      ovum recovery. Thus, 64% (44/69 ova) were fertilized with rapid recovery, whereas
      43% (39/90 ova) were fertilized following a 30-min delay. The decrease in
      fertilization imposed by delay in ovum recovery was apparently overcome when
      oviduct storage was at 33 degrees C. Under these conditions, 69% of inseminated
      ova were fertilized. Ova inseminated with in vitro-capacitated sperm showed a
      similar response to delayed ovum recovery. Embryonic development in culture of
      ova obtained from mated does was not affected by delay in recovery at 33 degrees
      or 38 degrees C provided mated does had been injected only with hCG. Ova from
      mated does receiving both PMSG and hCG were adversely affected by a 38 degrees C
      delay. The data emphasize the importance of rapid ovum recovery from oviducts and
      suggest the possibility of altering conditions to overcome damaging effects of
      delayed recovery.

PMID- 4041528
TI  - Ontogeny of growth hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone
      secretory patterns in the ram.
AB  - The ontogenetic changes that occur in secretory patterns of growth hormone (GH),
      prolactin (Prl), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) in rams
      maintained in constant photoperiod were examined. Nine ram lambs were moved to
      individual pens in a controlled environment (12L: 12D cycle; 18-24 degrees C
      temperature) at 66 days of age. Blood samples were collected via indwelling
      cannulae at 15-min intervals for an 8-h period at 80, 136, 192, 248, and 304 days
      of age. Plasma concentrations of GH, Prl, LH, and T were quantitated and
      parameters of the secretory patterns determined. Mean concentration of GH tended
      to decline with age, probably because the amplitude of secretory peaks was
      significantly reduced with age. There were no age-associated changes in basal
      concentration of GH or incidence of GH peaks. There was an increase in Prl
      secretion (as estimated by mean concentration) at 136 and after 248 days of age.
      Significant age-associated changes occurred in all parameters of LH and T
      secretion. At the younger ages, testosterone concentrations were low and LH
      concentrations were elevated. At the older ages the relationship was reversed,
      with LH low and testosterone high. There were no significant correlations between
      frequency and magnitude of LH and T peaks. The significant correlations present
      among parameters of LH and T secretion were between basal concentration of LH and
      overall mean concentration and basal concentration of T. These results suggest
      that LH may not be the sole tropic stimulator of acute T secretion.

PMID- 4041527
TI  - Pregnancy in young and aged rats: II. Peripheral serum progesterone
      concentrations.
AB  - The concentrations of serum progesterone (P4) were determined in 3- and 11-mo-old
      female rats throughout pregnancy to determine if the subnormal ovarian formation
      of P4 from pregnenolone (P5), previously shown in vitro in the older rats, is
      accompanied by lower concentrations of P4 in the peripheral serum. Beginning on
      Day 11 of gestation and continuing throughout the remainder of pregnancy, 11-mo
      old females exhibited a decline in the number of live fetuses and an increase in
      the number of dead fetuses. Between Days 1 and 8 of gestation, serum P4
      concentrations were similar in young and aging females. Between Days 9 and 21 of
      gestation, serum P4 concentrations in aging rats that maintained pregnancy, or
      that exhibited fetal loss, were consistently greater than in the young animals.
      The normal or above-normal concentrations of serum P4, despite the subnormal
      ovarian formation of P4 demonstrable in vitro in 11-mo-old females during the
      first half of pregnancy, may reflect an alteration in the peripheral catabolism
      of P4 or no change in ovarian secretion of P4 in vivo. Despite the changes in
      ovarian steroidogenesis observed in vitro, pregnancy failure in aging female rats
      is not related simply to subnormal content of P4 in the peripheral circulation.

PMID- 4041529
TI  - Relative luteinizing hormone-stimulable adenylyl cyclase of the preovulatory
      follicle: a predictor of ovulation in the domestic hen.
AB  - The regulation of the ovulatory cycle of the hen (Gallus domesticus) is an
      enigma. The hen's ovulatory cycle is approximately 26 h in length. She lays an
      egg each day at a progressively later time. The hen then skips a day, resets her
      "clock", and a new sequence is started. We investigated if the ovary regulates
      the ovulatory cycle. Our biologic endpoint was the measurement of basal and
      luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulable adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in granulosa
      layers of the largest (F1) and second largest (F2) follicles. F1 and F2 follicles
      were obtained at lights off on nights before the first (C1; n = 7), second (C2; n
      = 7), or terminal ovulation (CT; n = 5) or the night before the day when no
      ovulation was expected (Cskip; n = 6). F1 and F2 follicles removed on C1, C2, CT,
      and Cskip had been these specific follicles for 32 h, 12 h, 10 h, and 8 h,
      respectively. Mean basal activity (pmol/min/mg protein) for the follicles was: C1
      = 27.2, C2 = 44.1, CT = 60.5, and Cskip = 68.7. No significant differences were
      found in LH-stimulable AC activities of these F1 follicles. Relative LH
      (expressed as fold increase over basal) stimulation was significantly correlated
      (P less than 0.001) with maturity of the F1 follicle (C1 greater than C2 greater
      than CT greater than Cskip). No differences in AC activity were found for the F2
      follicles whether they were C1, C2, CT or Cskip. For the Cskip, relative LH AC
      activity for the F1 follicle (2.8) was similar to that for the F2 follicle
      (2.7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041530
TI  - The development of placental androstenedione and testosterone production and
      their utilization by the ovary for aromatization to estrogen during rat
      pregnancy.
AB  - During rat pregnancy the placenta may provide androgens as a source of precursor
      for estradiol (E2) formation by the ovary. However, the relative importance of
      testosterone (T) and delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4 A) for ovarian E2
      production is unknown. The present study therefore determined the ability of the
      rat placenta to convert [3H] pregnenolone (P5) substrate to [3H] delta 4 A and
      [3H] T, and to [3H] progesterone (P4) in vitro on Days 12, 14, 16 and 18 of
      gestation. The placental formation of delta 4 A and T was correlated with the
      uterine vein and peripheral sera concentrations of both androgens, and with their
      ability to be aromatized to E2 in vitro by the ovary. Placental androgen
      formation from P5 increased and formation of P4 decreased with advancing
      gestation, with the formation of delta 4 A being approximately 2- to 4-fold
      greater (P less than 0.01) than the formation of T on Days 12 to 16 of gestation.
      The conversion of P5 to delta 4 A increased (P less than 0.001) from 18 +/- 0.9
      (mean percent conversion +/- SEM) on Day 12 to 53 +/- 3 and 57 +/- 4 on Days 14
      and 16, respectively, then decreased (P less than 0.05) to 42 +/- 2 on Day 18.
      The uterine vein and peripheral sera concentrations of delta 4 A were 2- and 3
      fold greater (P less than 0.05-0.001) than T, respectively, on Days 12 to
      16.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041531
TI  - Steroidogenic effect of 17 beta-estradiol on rabbit luteal cells in vitro:
      estrogen-induced maintenance of progesterone production.
AB  - Previous studies have established that 17 beta-estradiol is the principal
      luteotropic hormone in the rabbit. However, a direct effect of 17 beta-estradiol
      on rabbit luteal cell progesterone production has been difficult to show in
      vitro. The goal of this study was to develop a system in which the effect of
      estrogen on luteal cell progesterone production could be studied in vitro. To
      that end, a dissociated rabbit luteal cell preparation was developed using
      collagenase and the resultant isolated cells were studied using a perifusion
      system. Optimization of the cell digest procedure revealed that: inclusion of 2%
      bovine serum albumin in our optimal dissociation medium increased cell yield; and
      animals killed by cervical dislocation maintained more stable levels of
      progesterone during a 7-h perifusion compared to animals killed with barbituate
      induced euthanasia (euthobarb). When dissociated luteal cells were perifused with
      medium, stable progesterone output (greater than 80% of initial levels) was
      observed for 5-6 h, after which medium progesterone concentrations declined. The
      inclusion of 17 beta-estradiol (10(-8) M) in the perifusion medium maintained
      progesterone output at control levels for up to 15 h. However, the maintenance of
      progesterone was not noted until after 5 h of perifusion, suggesting that the
      effect of estradiol may be time dependent. Thus, this investigation describes a
      rabbit luteal cell dissociation technique and perifusion system that may be used
      to examine the mechanism through which estradiol acts to maintain rabbit luteal
      progesterone production.

PMID- 4041532
TI  - Steroidogenesis in porcine atretic follicles: loss of aromatase activity in
      isolated granulosa and theca.
AB  - To evaluate the mechanisms involved in the reduction of estrogen concentrations
      in porcine follicular fluid during atresia, nonatretic and atretic follicles
      ranging from 4 to 7 mm in diameter were selected. Follicular fluid estrogen
      concentrations were 7-16-fold less in the atretic follicles. Isolated granulosa
      cells from atretic follicles demonstrated a significant reduction in aromatase
      activity and in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced progesterone
      production in vitro compared to granulosa cells from nonatretic follicles.
      Isolated theca from atretic follicles also demonstrated a reduction in estrogen
      production. However, androgen concentrations were equivalent in the follicular
      fluid of atretic and nonatretic follicles, and theca from atretic follicles
      maintained testosterone and androstenedione production in vitro. The loss of
      thecal aromatase activity with atresia is not secondary to a reduction in FSH
      responsiveness, since FSH did not increase thecal progesterone production in
      vitro. Cell degeneration also does not account for the reduction in thecal
      estrogen production, since both androgen output in vitro and follicular fluid
      androgen concentrations were maintained. These data thus demonstrate that a
      mechanism other than reduced FSH responsiveness must account for the selective
      loss of thecal aromatase activity in this stage of atresia.

PMID- 4041533
TI  - Light and electron microscopic studies on the localization of steroid-binding
      protein (SBP) in rabbit spermatozoa.
AB  - Light (fluorescence) and electron microscopic studies were carried out to
      localize steroid-binding protein (SBP) in rabbit spermatozoa. Both
      nonpermeabilized and permeabilized (with Tween 20, saponin, or cold acetone)
      spermatozoa showed fluorescence following treatment with antirabbit SBP (anti
      rSBP) and subsequently with rabbit antisheep immunoglobulin G-fluorescein
      isothiocyanate. While the ejaculated spermatozoa were positive, epididymal sperm
      were observed to be negative. Although the pattern of localization of rSBP was
      variable, the occurrence of a negative equatorial region as well as the presence
      of an intense positive spherical profile ("spot") at the junction of the head and
      midpiece were notably consistent. The intensity of labeling with the probe, both
      at light and electron microscopic level, was maximal following permeabilization
      with cold acetone. A possible role of SBP as a steroid carrier protein across the
      plasma membrane of the sperm has been suggested.

PMID- 4041534
TI  - Mouse sperm antigens that participate in fertilization. II. Inhibition of sperm
      penetration through the zona pellucida using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - To dissect the process of mammalian sperm interaction with the egg at a molecular
      level, we have generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to mature mouse sperm using
      syngeneic mouse testis as the immunogen. In this paper, we report upon three
      members of a mAb family, all of which displayed identical immunofluorescence
      patterns on cauda epididymal mouse sperm. Each of these mAbs, termed M42, M5, and
      M41, localized to a restricted region of plasma membrane overlying the acrosome.
      When tested for an effect on the fertilization process in vitro, two of the mAbs,
      M42 and M5, demonstrated significant inhibition. The inhibitory capacity was
      dependent upon the presence of the zona pellucida; neither M42 nor M5 was capable
      of blocking fertilization when zona pellucida-free mouse eggs were used.
      Identification of the antigens recognized by this group of mAbs was achieved by
      immunologic detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate-extracted sperm components
      separated via electrophoresis on 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels
      followed by transfer to nitrocellulose. M42, which blocked fertilization,
      recognized a high molecular weight cluster of bands with Mr of approximately
      220,000 to 240,000. M5, which also prevented fertilization, specifically
      recognized a sperm component with subunit molecular weight of approximately
      54,000. M41, which did not interfere with fertilization, did not interact with
      any high molecular weight components, but recognized components with Mr of
      approximately 60,000, 35,000, and 21,000. Taken together with the work presented
      in a companion paper (Saling, Irons, and Waibel, this issue), we have
      demonstrated that it is possible to describe particular cellular regions of
      mammalian sperm with respect not only to location and function, but also to the
      molecules that are candidates for a role in that function.

PMID- 4041535
TI  - Mouse sperm antigens that participate in fertilization. III. Passive immunization
      with a single monoclonal antisperm antibody inhibits pregnancy and fertilization
      in vivo.
AB  - Passive immunization was used to study the effect of antimouse sperm monoclonal
      antibodies on fertilization in vivo. The effects of two antibodies were compared
      in this investigation. One of them, M29, has been shown previously to localize to
      the equatorial segment of the sperm head and to inhibit mouse fertilization in
      vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The second antibody, M2, binds to the
      same area of the sperm head, and also belongs to the M immunoglobulin class
      (IgM), but does not affect fertilization in vitro. Superovulated female mice
      received two antibody injections intraperitoneally (at the times of the pregnant
      mare's serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin injections) at
      concentrations of 0.5-4.0 mg of IgM or control IgG; animals were mated within 6
      12 h of the hCG injection. Fertilization and concomitant establishment of
      pregnancy were reduced significantly, in a dose-dependent manner, only in those
      animals immunized with M29 IgM (e.g., 4 mg M29 IgM: 12.6% of 304 eggs fertilized;
      4 mg M2 IgM: 96% of 192 eggs fertilized). Intraperitoneal administration of the
      antibodies did not depress superovulation levels nor oocyte viability. 125I
      labeled M29 IgM was used to determine the amount of antibody present in the
      oviductal ampulla at the time of fertilization in passively immunized mice.
      Luminal M29 IgM was found to be a linear function of the intraperitoneal dose:
      0.002-0.003% of the injected dose was present in the oviductal lumen 14-16 h post
      hCG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041536
TI  - Spatial modulation of water ordering in lecithin bilayers. Evidence for a ripple
      ripple phase transition.
AB  - Intense motional averaging effects on the 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
      spectrum of 2H2O that occur in aqueous dispersions of dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (Myr2-PtdCho) are explained by a spatial modulation in the
      orientational order of the water induced by ripplelike structures. The ratio of
      the amplitude to the periodic length of the ripples, A/lambda, at a molar ratio
      of water/Myr2-PtdCho of 9.5:1, is measured by 2H NMR and found to be consistent
      with x-ray measurements of this ratio in the P beta phase of dipalmitoyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine (Pam2-PtdCho) bilayers. The sensitivity of 2H NMR allows
      us to report the presence of two distinct ripple phases mediated with a
      discontinuous change in the value of A/lambda. This result suggests that the two
      ripple structures observed for several phospholipid systems in excess water by
      freeze-fracture electron microscopy may be associated with two different phases
      instead of the same phase as previously assumed.

PMID- 4041537
TI  - Macro- and micro-stabilities of the kringle 4 domain from plasminogen. The effect
      of ligand binding.
AB  - 1H-NMR spectra of kringle 4 from human plasminogen have been recorded over wide
      pH* and temperature ranges, both in the presence and in the absence of p
      benzylaminesulfonic acid (BASA). Several resonances exhibit chemical shift
      differences between kringle folded and unfolded forms which are sufficiently well
      resolved to allow for a determination of equilibrium Van't Hoff enthalpies and
      entropies for unfolding. The interaction with BASA shifts the kringle unfolding
      temperature from approximately 335 degrees K to approximately 343 degrees K. The
      pH* range of stability is also wider for the complex than for the free kringle:
      in the acidic range the pH* of half-unfolding, pHu*, is decreased from 2.8 for
      the unligated polypeptide to approximately 2.0 in the presence of BASA, while in
      the basic range pHu*, shifts from approximately 10.8 to 11.5. However, in
      contrast with what is observed at acidic pH*, unfolding at basic pH* leads to
      irreversible denaturation and exhibits a sharp, order-disorder transition both in
      the presence and in the absence of ligand. The structural stabilization conferred
      by the ligand is accompanied by a drastic reduction of the average rate of 1H-2H
      exchange in 2H2O under conditions that preclude a major cooperative unfolding.
      Thus, macro- and micro-stabilities of kringle domains appear to be highly
      correlated.

PMID- 4041538
TI  - Linear impedance studies of voltage-dependent conductances in tissue cultured
      chick heart cells.
AB  - Plateau and pacemaker currents from tissue cultured clusters of embryonic chick
      heart cells were studied in the time domain, using voltage-clamp steps, and in
      the frequency domain, using a wide-band noise input superimposed on a steady
      holding voltage. In the presence of tetrodotoxin to block the sodium channel, a
      depolarizing voltage step into the plateau range elicited: (a) a rapid
      (approximately equal to 2 ms) activation of the slow inward current; (b) a
      subsequent slower (approximately equal to 25 ms) decline in the slow inward
      current; and (c) activation of a very slow (5 to 10 s) outward current. Impedance
      studies in this voltage range could clearly resolve two voltage-dependent
      processes, which appeared to correspond to points b and c above because of their
      voltage dependence, pharmacology, and time constants. A correlate of point a was
      also probably present but difficult to resolve owing to the fast time constant of
      activation for the slow inward channel. At voltages negative to -50 mV a new
      voltage-dependent process could be resolved, which, because of its voltage
      dependence and time constant, appeared to represent the pacemaker channel (also
      termed If or IK2). In the Appendix, linear models of voltage-dependent channels
      and ion accumulation/depletion are derived and these are compared with our data.
      Most of the above-mentioned processes could be attributed to voltage-dependent
      channels with kinetics similar to those observed in time domain, voltage-clamp
      studies. However, the frequency domain correlate of the decline of the slow
      inward current was incompatible with channel gating, rather, it appears
      accumulation/depletion of calcium may dominate the decline in this preparation.

PMID- 4041539
TI  - Equilibrium muscle cross-bridge behavior. Theoretical considerations.
AB  - We have developed a model for the equilibrium attachment and detachment of myosin
      cross-bridges to actin that takes into account the possibility that a given cross
      bridge can bind to one of a number of actin monomers, as seems likely, rather
      than to a site on only a single actin monomer, as is often assumed. The behavior
      of this multiple site model in response to constant velocity, as well as
      instantaneous stretches, was studied and the influence of system parameters on
      the force response explored. It was found that in the multiple site model the
      detachment rate constant has considerably greater influence on the mechanical
      response than the attachment rate constant. It is shown that one can obtain
      information about the detachment rate constants either by examining the
      relationship between the apparent stiffness and duration of stretch for constant
      velocity stretches or by examining the force-decay rate constants following an
      instantaneous stretch. The main effect of the attachment rate constant is to
      scale the mechanical response by influencing the number of attached cross
      bridges. The significance of the modeling for the interpretation of experimental
      results is discussed.

PMID- 4041540
TI  - Fluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1,4-dihydroxyphthalonitrile. A method for
      determining intracellular pH in cultured cells.
AB  - We have developed new methodology for measuring intracellular pH (pHi) in
      cultured cell monolayers and epithelia by analyzing the emission spectra of the
      trapped fluorescent pH probe, 1,4-dihydroxyphthalonitrile (1,4-DHPN). This
      compound is unique since both its acid and base forms possess different
      fluorescence emission characteristics that can be used to quantitate pHi. The
      fluorescence difference spectrum between an acid and alkaline solution of 1,4
      DHPN has a maximum at 455 nm and a minimum at 512 nm. By determining the ratio of
      the intensity at these two wavelengths as a function of pH, a calibration curve
      was constructed. Since the two intensities are determined simultaneously, the
      measurement is independent of dye concentration, bleaching, and intensity
      fluctuation of the excitation source. Furthermore, analysis of the emission
      spectra permitted the detection of light scattering, binding effects, and
      chemical modification of the probe. A microspectrofluorometer was constructed to
      analyze low light level emission spectra from intracellular 1,4-DHPN. The
      instrument consists of a modified Leitz inverted microscope (E. Leitz, Inc.,
      Rockleigh, NJ) with a Ploem illuminator adapted for broadband excitation and
      objective focusing capability. The emission spectra were collected by focusing
      the fluorescence from the cell onto the entrance slit of an imaging
      monochromator, which was scanned by a SIT camera interfaced with a computer. This
      permitted the acquisition of fluorescence emission spectra extending from 391-588
      nm in approximately 33 ms. pHi measured in the cultured toad kidney epithelial
      cell line, A6, was 7.49 +/- 0.04 (n = 12) with an external pH of 7.6. A6 cells
      were found to regulate pHi in response to both acute acid and alkali loads and
      maintained pHi relatively constant over a wide range of external pH values. The
      technique described in this report overcomes several of the difficulties
      encountered with other fluorescent pH probes where excitation spectroscopy is
      required to monitor pH.

PMID- 4041541
TI  - Capacitative transients in voltage-clamped epithelia.
AB  - In voltage-clamped epithelia the cell membrane potential transient during a + 10
      mV transepithelial pulse conforms to the expected behavior for a series
      combination of two linear resistance-capacitance (RC) circuits. The evolution of
      the cell potential is characterized by a single time constant with values of 30
      130 ms in frog skin and Necturus gallbladder. These observations have important
      consequences for the measurement of cell membrane resistance ratios and the
      interpretation of current-voltage relations.

PMID- 4041542
TI  - On a mechanism of cardiac electrical stability. The fractal hypothesis.
AB  - Electrical activation of the ventricles via the His-Purkinje system is
      represented on the body surface by a waveform with a broad range of frequency
      components. We speculate that this process is mediated by current flow through a
      fractal-like conduction network and therefore that the broadband spectrum of the
      depolarization waveform should be scaled as a power-law distribution. The
      prediction is confirmed by Fourier analysis of electrocardiographic data from
      healthy men. This observation suggests a new dynamical link between nonlinear
      (fractal) structure and nonlinear function in a stable physiologic system.

PMID- 4041543
TI  - Estimation of intracellular [Ca2+] by nonlinear indicators. A quantitative
      analysis.
AB  - When spatial gradients of intracellular free [Ca2+] are present, intracellular
      calcium indicators that have a nonlinear response to [Ca2+] may yield an estimate
      of [Ca2+] that differs from the spatial average [Ca2+]. We present two rules that
      provide (a) general criteria to distinguish those classes of indicators that will
      yield an overestimate of spatial average [Ca2+] from those that will yield an
      underestimate, and (b) limits on the extent to which spatial average [Ca2+] might
      be over- or underestimated. These rules are used to interpret quantitatively the
      aequorin luminescence signals obtained from cardiac ventricular myocardium.

PMID- 4041544
TI  - Prediction of the native conformation of a polypeptide by a statistical
      mechanical procedure. I. Backbone structure of enkephalin.

PMID- 4041545
TI  - Use of buildup and energy-minimization procedures to compute low-energy
      structures of the backbone of enkephalin.

PMID- 4041546
TI  - Amide I band of IR spectrum and structure of collagen and related polypeptides.

PMID- 4041547
TI  - Raman spectroscopic elucidation of DNA backbone conformations for poly(dG
      dT).poly(dA-dC) and poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) in CsF solution.

PMID- 4041548
TI  - Theoretical study of the binding of aliphatic diamines to the minor groove of a B
      DNA (dA-dT)11 oligomer.

PMID- 4041549
TI  - Compressibility of lysozyme in solution from time-resolved brillouin difference
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 4041550
TI  - Binding of CC-1065 to poly- and oligonucleotides.

PMID- 4041551
TI  - Theory of gel electrophoresis of DNA.

PMID- 4041552
TI  - Expressions for the interpretation of circular intensity differential scattering
      of chiral aggregates.

PMID- 4041553
TI  - Molecular recognition. I. Automatic identification of topographic surface
      features.

PMID- 4041554
TI  - Structure-activity relationship of a bitter diketopiperazine revisited.

PMID- 4041555
TI  - First-pass elimination of lidocaine in the rabbit after peroral and rectal route
      of administration.
AB  - Lidocaine shows pronounced first-pass metabolism upon peroral administration in
      man (about 30 per cent peroral bioavailability). Since the rectal bioavailability
      is about 65 per cent in man it is assumed that some drug is directly absorbed
      into systemic circulation by-passing the liver. In rats peroral bioavailability
      is about 8 per cent whereas rectal bioavailability is about 100 per cent. This
      indicates that the rat is not a suitable model to study rectal lidocaine dosage
      forms. The purpose of this study was to investigate lidocaine disposition and
      bioavailability in rabbits after peroral and rectal administration. The peroral
      bioavailability in rabbits was found to be about 6 per cent and the rectal
      bioavailability is about 33 per cent. The results indicate that the rabbit is a
      suitable model for the study of systemic absorption of rectal lidocaine dosage
      forms.

PMID- 4041556
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bromocriptine in the rat.
AB  - The absorption, distribution, and excretion of bromocriptine were studied
      following oral and parenteral administration of non-radioactive and 14C-labelled
      drug in the rat. Total radioactivity was measured in blood, tissues, and excreta
      by liquid scintillation counting while the parent drug was determined in plasma
      and selected tissues by radioimmunoassay. The pharmacokinetic observations were
      compared with the time course of drug-induced hypothermia in cold-room
      acclimatized rats. The results indicated that oral doses of bromocriptine were
      rapidly, though incompletely (32-40 per cent), absorbed, but underwent extensive
      first-pass metabolism, resulting in an absolute bioavailability of only 6 per
      cent. The bioavailability increased to approximately 22 per cent in rats
      pretreated with the hepatic microsome inhibitor proadifen, thus suggesting the
      liver as the principal site of biotransformation. Absorbed bromocriptine showed
      preferential distribution into the tissues, although no apparent accumulation of
      drug-related material occurred in the body. The drug was eliminated almost
      exclusively by metabolism and biliary excretion into the faeces. Comparison of
      the pharmacodynamic and the pharmacokinetic profiles indicated a dose
      relationship between hypothermia and plasma bromocriptine concentrations but not
      total radioactivity levels. The hypothermic response was also intensified by
      proadifen pretreatment, thus confirming the parent drug as the pharmacologically
      active entity. It is believed that the previously reported delay in the onset of
      bromocriptine activity is not pharmacokinetic in nature, but is related to the
      properties of the receptors at the target site or to the pharmacologic events
      that result in the observed effects.

PMID- 4041557
TI  - Comparison of fitting methods for the analysis of plasma concentration-time data
      resulting from constant rate intravenous infusion.
AB  - Plasma concentration-time data resulting from constant rate intravenous infusion
      may be analysed in two ways: Samples may be collected both during and after
      infusion and fit to an infusion model. Samples may be collected after infusion is
      complete and the data may be fit as an i.v. bolus. The purpose of this study was
      to contrast these two fitting procedures in terms of the accuracy of the
      parameter values obtained. Concentration-time data were computer-generated with
      the introduction of random error to simulate the disposition profiles of two
      model drugs. The results of these simulations indicate that satisfactory values
      for area-dependent parameters may be obtained without fitting data during the
      infusion phase. The exception to this is the apparent steady-state volume whose
      values become less accurate with longer infusion times. The parameters most
      affected by ignoring data points in the infusion phase are the central volume of
      distribution, and the coefficient and disposition rate constant associated with
      the initial, rapid phase of disposition. The equation which describes the entire
      concentration-time profile provides the most accurate parameter estimates of the
      model equation. In addition, we also describe the influence of the fitting method
      on the intercompartmental transfer rate constants.

PMID- 4041558
TI  - Comparative physiological disposition of some anthraquinone glycosides and
      aglycones.
AB  - The in vitro microbial degradation and the urinary excretion and biliary
      secretion in rats of two anthraquinone glycosides (sennosides A and B) and four
      aglycones (sennidins A and B, rhein, and danthron) were studied using a high
      performance liquid chromatographic system with gradient elution and amperometric
      detection. Microbial degradation of sennosides A and B occurred almost
      exclusively in the presence of mice caecum inoculae and was associated with the
      release of sennidins A and B. Rhein and danthron were indiscriminately
      metabolized by bacteria sampled from all regions of mice intestine, whereas
      sennidins lacked stability in biological media. The fraction of the dose
      administered orally to rats and recovered as aglycones or as glucuronides in bile
      and urine after 48 hours was five times greater for rhein (15 per cent) and
      danthron (13.4 per cent) than for sennosides A (1.8 per cent) and B (2.8 per
      cent) excreted or secreted as sennidins. These results support the concept that
      anthraquinone glycosides are less likely to enter the systemic circulation and,
      thus, are able to exert their laxative effect at lower doses than aglycones.

PMID- 4041559
TI  - A pharmacokinetic model for prednisone after infusion to steady-state in the
      rabbit.

PMID- 4041560
TI  - Theoretical decrease in systemic availability with decrease in input rate at
      steady-state for first-pass drugs.

PMID- 4041561
TI  - Effect of variations in urine pH and flow rate on cimetidine renal disposition in
      man.

PMID- 4041562
TI  - Effect of glucagon on hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo.
AB  - Moderate doses of glucagon (20 micrograms/kg I.V.) are sufficient to stimulate
      rat hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo. In addition, the stimulation of
      the tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in livers of
      animals fed on a high-protein diet has been correlated with an elevated phosphate
      content. The tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylase activity in these animals
      can be further elevated by glucagon-stimulated phosphorylation. These results
      indicate that physiological changes in glucagon concentration modulate rat liver
      phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in vivo. The current understanding of the role
      of phosphorylation in regulating human phenylalanine hydroxylase is also
      considered.

PMID- 4041563
TI  - Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine liposomes by lysosomal phospholipase A is
      maximal at the phase transition temperature of the lipid substrate.
AB  - We have measured the rate of hydrolysis of liposomes made of DL-alpha
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
      by a soluble fraction of highly purified lysosomes isolated from rat liver.
      Phospholipids are hydrolyzed into lysophospholipids and fatty acids at a rate
      which is maximal near the temperature characteristic of the gel to liquid
      crystalline phase transition of the lipid bilayer. This strong influence of the
      physical properties of the substrate on the enzyme activity suggests a structural
      analogy between the lysosomal phospholipases of the A type (EC 3.1.1.32 and EC
      3.1.1.4) and the pancreatic phospholipase A2.

PMID- 4041564
TI  - Cell-free translation of mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase.
AB  - Mammalian nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase is translated as a 5000
      daltons larger molecular weight precursor in a cell-free system programmed with
      rat liver polysomes. The mature rat liver enzyme had the same molecular weight as
      the purified beef heart enzyme, 115 000 daltons. The precursor was not processed
      in vitro by liver mitochondria or by a rat liver mitochondrial matrix fraction,
      nor did it appear to bind to mitochondria. In contrast, pre-FeS protein of the
      cytochrome bc1 complex was processed in the same samples by both mitochondria and
      matrix, suggesting an important difference in the processing mechanisms or in the
      efficiency of processing of the two precursors.

PMID- 4041565
TI  - Biosynthesis of trehalose by Brevibacterium flavum: use of long range 13C-13C
      coupling data to characterize triose phosphate isomerase activity.
AB  - The 13C isotopic labeling pattern in the disaccharide trehalose (1,1'-alpha-alpha
      D-glucose) produced by the microorganism Brevibacterium flavum when grown on a
      medium containing [1-13C]glucose has been determined. Long range coupling between
      C-1 and C-6 carbons of the glucose units can be observed in the excreted
      material. It is proposed that some of the 13C isotopomers in the excreted
      trehalose reflect the labeling pattern in (unobserved) fructose 1,6-diphosphate.
      Analysis of the label distribution within the framework of a steady state kinetic
      model allows an analysis of the contributions of the hexose monophosphate shunt
      and the degree of equilibration of triose phosphate isomerase. Analogous
      measurements on excreted glucose could be carried out in other organisms.

PMID- 4041566
TI  - Accelerated degradation of glycogen phosphorylase in denervated and dystrophic
      mouse skeletal muscle.
AB  - Pyridoxal phosphate, the cofactor of glycogen phosphorylase, fulfils the criteria
      needed of a turnover label for this enzyme. The decay of protein-bound label
      following administration of [3H]pyridoxine is a good index of the rate of
      degradation of the enzyme in vivo. This method has been applied to the study of
      catabolism of the enzyme in normal, denervated and dystrophic mouse skeletal
      muscle. In both of the pathological conditions the enzyme is degraded more
      rapidly than normal.

PMID- 4041567
TI  - A characterization of haem uptake and intracellular distribution by isolated
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The uptake and intracellular distribution of haem by isolated rat hepatocyte
      suspensions was studied. An increase in cell haem content occurred after a
      challenge with 5, 10 or 20 microM haem, supplied as methaemalbumin. The rate of
      haem uptake was temperature dependent; no non-specific binding occurred.
      Intracellular haem distribution data are consistent with a rapid association of
      haem with the endoplasmic reticulum fraction prior to its accumulation in the
      cytosol and at the mitochondrion.

PMID- 4041568
TI  - Interaction of tyrosine residues with the chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin.
AB  - We previously reported that the absorption spectrum at low temperatures of
      iodinated bacteriorhodopsin can be separated into four components with maxima at
      shorter wavelengths than in native bacteriorhodopsin. In this study, the time
      course of the formation of each spectral component after iodination was analyzed,
      revealing that these four components correspond to four different iodinated
      states of tyrosine residues interacting with the retinal chromophore of
      bacteriorhodopsin. Therefore at least two tyrosine residues interact with the
      chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin.

PMID- 4041569
TI  - An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (1985) ISCN 1985.
      Report of the Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature.

PMID- 4041570
TI  - Accurate diagnosis and assessment of growth in patients with orofacial clefting.

PMID- 4041571
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy: effect on treatment planning. Proceedings of the Seventh
      Annual Symposium of the Society of Craniofacial Genetics. Denver, Colorado, June
      17, 1984.

PMID- 4041572
TI  - The use of COMFORTS in a genetics clinic.
AB  - COMFORTS adequately meets the criteria that led to the establishment of FOMERS:
      data on patients are cross-indexed by name, diagnosis, and pedigree number.
      However, because COMFORTS utilizes the memory and sorting capabilities of a
      computer, it is more easily used for large databases than is FOMERS.
      Alphabetizing records by name in a file; adding, deleting, or modifying
      diagnostic categories; and assigning and sequencing pedigree numbers are easy
      when the work is shared with a computer. The ease with which data can be entered,
      changed, or deleted was shown in the foregoing description of the program. Ease
      of use is only one aspect of COMFORTS; expanded facility for research is equally
      important. Of particular interest in this latter regard is the Cardinal Sign
      field of COMFORTS. COMFORTS also has features that facilitate scheduling and
      generation of demographic reports.

PMID- 4041573
TI  - A new autosomal recessive syndrome with Noonan-like phenotype, myopathy with
      congenital contractures and malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 4041575
TI  - Crouzon syndrome with periapical cemental dysplasia and acanthosis nigricans: the
      pleiotropic effect of a single gene?

PMID- 4041574
TI  - Chromosomal diagnosis of the Werner syndrome.

PMID- 4041576
TI  - Terminal transverse defects with aplasia cutis congenita (Adams-Oliver syndrome).

PMID- 4041577
TI  - Upper airway obstruction in craniofacial anomalies: diagnosis and management.
AB  - Particular attention to airway problems must be paid to any child with a
      craniofacial anomaly. Knowledge of the potential for upper airway obstruction in
      children with craniofacial anomalies, early recognition of the signs of
      obstruction, and prompt treatment are extremely important aspects of the
      treatment plan for each patient. An infant with choanal atresia or a nasal glioma
      will need definitive repair of his specific deformity to ensure the airway prior
      to consideration of any other problem. Similarly, the child with severe
      mandibular hypoplasia may require an early tongue-lip adhesion or tracheotomy to
      relieve airway distress until mandibular growth or surgical advancement enlarges
      the natural airway. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy may present earlier and with more
      severe sleep apnea in a child with an already compromised pharyngeal lumen. Early
      tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy must be considered in these patients even if
      this may possibly lead to velopharyngeal incompetence. Sleep apnea may also occur
      as a complication of the creation of a pharyngeal flap. If operative intervention
      for the craniofacial anomaly is contemplated, the potential for airway problems
      increases. The anesthetic induction and intubation are extremely difficult in the
      child with mandibular hypoplasia. The anesthetist and otolaryngologist must have
      a full range of techniques available to them to accomplish this task. If
      intermaxillary fixation is required postoperatively, or if the endotracheal tube
      is in the operative field, consideration should be given to a short-term
      tracheotomy to protect the airway during and after the operation. Close
      cooperation among the members of the craniofacial team is mandatory to prevent
      and/or treat any upper airway obstruction that may occur in the child with a
      craniofacial anomaly. Anticipation of possible airway compromise, early
      recognition of any existing obstruction, and prompt management of the problem are
      imperative to the successful diagnosis and treatment of craniofacial anomalies.

PMID- 4041578
TI  - Communicating the diagnosis to the deaf family.

PMID- 4041579
TI  - Achondroplasia and obstructive sleep apnea: correction of apnea and abnormal
      sleep-entrained growth hormone release by tracheostomy.
AB  - Severe obstructive sleep apnea in a patient with achondroplasia syndrome was
      found to result in a definitive deficiency of overnight growth hormone secretion
      related to absence of slow-wave sleep. Resolution of the apnea by tracheostomy
      resulted in normalization of growth hormone release and normal growth rates
      postoperatively. Sleep-related growth hormone deficiency may contribute to the
      short stature so often seen in a variety of craniofacial syndromes. Furthermore,
      this short stature may be reversible.

PMID- 4041580
TI  - The influence of L-sorbose on red cell flow properties, shape and packing
      ability.
AB  - Since the sweet ketohexose L-sorbose causes overt hemolysis in dogs but not in
      man, we examined the possibility that L-sorbose induces a "prehemolytic state" of
      human red cells, manifesting itself as impairment of rheological red cell
      properties. After 2 hours incubation at 37 degrees C relative viscosity of red
      cell suspensions measured by radial spreading in filter paper and packing ability
      of red cells were normal. Incubation for 24 and 48 hours of red cells in media
      containing L-sorbose, glucose or no sugar showed that relative viscosity was best
      maintained in glucose. Relative viscosity and packing ability of red cells in L
      sorbose containing suspensions decreased less than in suspensions without sugar.
      This difference was independent of the glucose metabolism, red cell ATP,
      osmolality and pH of the suspending media, but appeared to be related to
      different degrees of spheroechinocytic red cell shape transformation observed in
      different suspending media. It is possible that L-sorbose has some
      antiechinocytic properties and/or that it induces an alteration of red cell
      membrane flexibility. There is no indication of an L-sorbose induced
      "prehemolytic state" in human red cells.

PMID- 4041581
TI  - First haemorheological experiment under zero gravity on space shuttle
      'Discovery'.

PMID- 4041582
TI  - Abstracts of seventh annual meeting, Japan Society of Biorheology. Sapporo,
      Japan, 16-17 June 1984.

PMID- 4041583
TI  - [Effect of elevated systemic arterial pressure on neurogenic vasoconstriction in
      the microcirculatory bed of rat skeletal muscles].
AB  - Vasomotor reactions produced by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic tract
      were studied in anesthetized rats by intravital microscopy of the skeletal muscle
      (extensor hallucis proprius). Experiments were made in normal and elevated blood
      pressure. The stimulation itself did not change BP but led to an appreciable
      decrease in the initial diameter of the arterioles (28.6 +/- 1.4 m). The
      constriction amounted to 21%. The lumen decreased by 38.9%. Injection of
      felypressin (Sandoz) in a dose of 6 to 8 IU/100 g produced the pressor reaction.
      The 27.4% rise of BP during primary phase of the pressor response inhibited the
      development of the neurogenic vasoconstriction which was 11.5% for arteriolar
      diameter and 20.4% for lumen. The data suggest that inhibition of the neurogenic
      vasoconstriction is caused by an increase in arteriolar pressure. Consequently
      the elevation of intralumen pressure is considered as a protective mechanism of
      the drop of the tissue blood flow because of the sympathetic vasoconstriction.

PMID- 4041584
TI  - [Motor reactions in rats during critical growth periods in the early postnatal
      age].
AB  - Within the first days after birth, the sleeping rats demonstrate the high rate of
      motor reactions (RMR) of the jerk type. With advancing age the RMR diminishes.
      However during a sudden change in the growth, the 25-day-old rats show an
      increase in the RMR of the jerk type. This is manifested by the return of the
      functions to the state marking the first days of life. The catecholaminergic
      mechanisms of the growth and development of rats are discussed.

PMID- 4041585
TI  - [Modulating influence of the 2d somatosensory cortex of the cerebral cortex on
      the effects of electroacupuncture on the trigeminal nuclei].
AB  - The effect of reversible functional inactivation of the second somatosensory
      cortex of the cerebral hemispheres on changes in the transmission of the afferent
      signals in the trigeminal nuclei after electroacupuncture was studied in acute
      experiments on adult cats anesthetized with hexenal (59 mg/kg i. p.). After
      functional inactivation of the second somatosensory cortex electroacupuncture
      failed to facilitate the evoked potentials in the oral trigeminal nucleus by
      stimulation of the tooth pulp and the lip of the mouth. In the caudal nucleus,
      the inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on noxious stimulation decreased. The
      involvement of this brain cortex in the mechanisms of action of
      electroacupuncture on functionally different nuclei is discussed.

PMID- 4041586
TI  - [Effect of alpha-tocopheryl acetate on blood biochemical parameters in albino
      rats as affected by acoustic stress].
AB  - Experiments on random-bred white male rats have demonstrated the activation of
      induced lipid peroxidation in red cell membranes, elevation on the basal level of
      plasma lipid peroxides, a decrease in the content of alpha-tocopherol in plasma
      and red blood cell membranes, considerable shifts in the content of esterified
      and free cholesterol in plasma and red blood cell membranes under prolonged
      acoustic stress (91 dB). Administration of alpha-tocopheryl acetate in a dose of
      1 mg/kg exerted a beneficial effect on the test parameters under prolonged
      acoustic stress.

PMID- 4041587
TI  - [Effect of lithium salts on neuropathological syndromes of spinal origin].
AB  - Experiments on noninbred rats were made to study the influence of lithium
      hydroxybutyrate on two patterns of spinal cord pathology: the generalized
      myoclonus and painful syndrome of spinal origin. The syndromes were induced by
      generators of pathologically enhanced excitation in the ventral and dorsal horns
      of the spinal cord. The effects of lithium chloride and sodium hydroxybutyrate
      were examined to compare the influence of lithium (cation) and hydroxybutyrate
      (anion) components to elucidate the role of each of the components. Lithium
      hydroxybutyrate appeared more effective, since it inhibited the generator of
      pathologically enhanced excitation in the appropriate structures, provoking the
      anticonvulsant effect in myoclonus and suppressing the painful syndrome.

PMID- 4041588
TI  - [Change in the RNA polymerase activity in heart and liver cells during
      immobilization stress].
AB  - Immobilization stress produces changes in the activity of polymerase I and II RNA
      in heart and liver cells. At the beginning of the poststressor reaction of the
      body the activity of both enzymes is lowered. Later on the activity of polymerase
      I RNA considerably exceeds the control level, whereas the activity of polymerase
      II RNA returns to the initial values.

PMID- 4041589
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes in immobilization stress].
AB  - In chronic experiments on 75 Wistar, August and randombred rats hemodynamic
      changes were examined during 30-hour immobilization stress. The ECG was recorded
      and arterial blood pressure measured. The basic hemodynamic characteristics were
      determined with the help of the previously implanted ultrasonic blood flow
      probes. Analysis of hemodynamic changes in animals resistant, adapted and prone
      to stress demonstrated that changes in the total peripheral resistance play the
      leading role in the disturbance of the arterial blood pressure control. It was
      established that a progressive lowering of arterial blood pressure resulting from
      the abruptly reduced total peripheral resistance is the main and the most
      frequent cause of death of animals exposed to immobilization stress. At the same
      time the cardiac hemodynamic component may play an essential role in the
      mechanism of death. This component may include either progressive bradycardia or
      a combination of an ischemic myocardial damage and reduced total peripheral
      resistance.

PMID- 4041590
TI  - [Activation of lipid peroxidation processes in chronic ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The content of lipid peroxidation products--hydroperoxides with conjugated double
      bonds and fluorescent compounds, which are formed on interaction of primary lipid
      peroxidation products and proteins, considerably increases in blood plasma of
      patients suffering from coronary heart disease. Treatment with combined vitamins
      E and C enables the blood plasma lipid peroxidation products to be decreased to a
      far greater extent as compared with conventional therapy.

PMID- 4041591
TI  - [Pulmonary circulation in different gaseous media].
AB  - The ultrasonic method was used in acute experiments on cats with an open (under
      artificial lung ventilation) and closed chest to explore lung circulation in a
      changed gaseous medium. Moderate hypoxia (10% O2) and hypercapnia (5, 10% CO2)
      induce a 10-15% decrease in the lung blood flow in the inferolobular pulmonary
      artery in the presence of unchanged or slightly elevated minute volume of the
      heart. The higher hypoxia (5% O2) provokes inconclusive changes in the lung blood
      flow: biphasic response or increase. It is assumed that considerable elevation of
      blood pressure in the common pulmonary artery in all the cases points to
      vasoconstriction that occurs under the effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia.

PMID- 4041592
TI  - [Oscillatory evoked potentials in the rabbit visual system during experimental
      retinal pathology induced by administration of monoiodoacetic acid].
AB  - ERG and EP of the visual cortex (VC) and superior colliculus (SC) were
      investigated under experimental dystrophy of the retina induced by intravenous
      injection of monoiodoacetic acid in different doses. The relative resistance of
      the VC to the derangement of retinal function was established. It was manifested
      by less marked suppression of its EP as compared with ERG. Taking into
      consideration the selective projection to the SC of the rod system that was
      damaged to a greater degree under pathology in question, it is suggested that
      functional suppression of the SC might facilitate the conduction of visual
      information through the main retino-geniculo-cortical canal. This might be one of
      the factors of VC resistance to the impairment of retinal function. This
      assumption was confirmed in experiments with SC electrocoagulation in which one
      could observe the facilitation of EP formation of the contralateral VC.

PMID- 4041593
TI  - [Dynamics of indices of the rat endocrine and lymphatic systems during cold
      adaptation].
AB  - A study was made of the content of corticosterone, thyroxine and triiodothyronine
      in the blood, of the thymic weight and cytomorphological characteristics of rat
      lymph nodes during prolonged cold (4-5 degrees C) adaptation. Interrelated
      alterations in the characteristics under study were revealed at different stages
      of adaptation. The morphofunctional recovery of the lymphoid tissue occurs in the
      phase of the increased specific stability in spite of the fact that the action of
      cold is continued and the blood corticosterone concentration is elevated. A new
      type of the endocrine-lymphoid relationships is supposed to be formed during
      lengthy adaptation, with this type being different from that both in the starting
      state and acute stress.

PMID- 4041594
TI  - [Changes in the blood microcirculation in the mouth mucosa in experimental
      stomatitis].
AB  - Aphthous lesions in the oral mucosa (OM) were simulated in dog experiments by
      ligation of the common bile duct. In one of the experimental groups the beta
      adrenoblocker propranolol was administered 30 min before surgery. Two hours after
      surgery the animals manifested changes in blood microcirculation of the OM. In
      animals treated with propranolol, the characteristics of blood microcirculation
      remained within normal. It is concluded that the development of aphthous lesions
      is preceded by functional disorders of blood microcirculation in the OM which are
      probably related to alterations in the neurovascular system.

PMID- 4041595
TI  - [Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the concentration of alpha-tocopherylquinone in
      human blood lipids].
AB  - The electron-spin resonance (ESR) was applied to examine human plasma and red
      cell lipids. In the lipids, the signal of ESR of alpha-tocopherylquinone was
      recorded. The concentration of the latter in the lipids was found to be elevated
      in coronary heart disease. Intramuscular injection of 30% oily solution of alpha
      tocopherylquinone in a dose of 2 ml two times a day over three days entailed an
      increase in the concentration of alpha-tocopherylquinone in plasma and red cell
      lipids.

PMID- 4041596
TI  - [Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in cataractous lenses].
AB  - A study was made of the content of lipid peroxidation products (LPP) in the
      lenses extracted during operations for cataract as well as in transparent human
      lenses. In a mature cataract, the elevated content of primary, secondary and end
      products of lipid peroxidation (diene and triene conjugates, Schiff bases) was
      revealed. The content of LPP was identical in different clinical patterns of a
      mature cataract (senile, traumatic, complicated), which points to the universal
      role of lipid peroxidation in lenticular opacity.

PMID- 4041597
TI  - [Determination of double bonds in the lipid fraction of blood plasma in burn
      patients using the ADS-4M apparatus].
AB  - An ADS-4M analyser was employed to study the diagnostic potentialities of the
      method for determination of double bonds (DB) in lipids of the burnt's blood as a
      rapid method for revealing alterations in unsaturated fatty acids (USFA). The
      method was tried in 25 patients with varying gravity of burn injury and in 15
      healthy subjects with a purpose of establishing the norm. It was discovered that
      in patients with burn, the number of DB differed from normal depending on the
      disease gravity. The time course of changes in the number of DB attests to the
      necessity of the use of the method under consideration for evaluating
      abnormalities in the content of USFA.

PMID- 4041598
TI  - [State of the peripheral catecholaminergic systems during pharmacologic
      correction of immobilization stress using sodium oxybutyrate].
AB  - Fluorescent microscopy and spectrofluorometry of biogenic amines were employed to
      study the peripheral catecholaminergic systems in immobilized rats which received
      sodium hydroxybutyrate. The content of catecholamines was measured in the
      adrenergic nerves of dura mater, vas deferens and chromaffin tissue of the
      adrenals. It was established that sodium hydroxybutyrate in a dose of 40 mg/kg
      intraperitoneally promoted returning to normal of the adrenergic mediator
      activity during alarm and resistance stages. The role of the peripheral
      catecholaminergic systems in the mechanism of the stress-protective effect of
      sodium hydroxybutyrate is discussed.

PMID- 4041599
TI  - [Study of the mechanism of the anti-hypoxic action of lithium oxybutyrate using
      cerebral ischemia as a model].
AB  - A study was made of energy metabolism and concentration of malonic dialdehyde
      (MDA) in cerebral tissue of mice given sodium hydroxybutyrate and lithium
      hydroxybutyrate 30 and 60 s after decapitation. Administration of lithium
      hydroxybutyrate brought about a more economic consumption of the glycogen pool as
      compared with "hypoxic" control. The differences were revealed in the action of
      both salts on ATP. The concentration of MDA declined after their administration,
      lithium hydroxybutyrate being more efficacious. The possible mechanisms of the
      action of lithium hydroxybutyrate are discussed.

PMID- 4041600
TI  - [Change in the absorptive capacity of macrophages from different organs after
      administration of hydrocortisone].
AB  - Two, twenty-four and 48 h after hydrocortisone treatment in a dose of 125 mg/kg
      bw the blood clearance rate for colloidal carbon particles in rats turned to be
      2, 2.1. and 1.6 times less whereas that for 51Cr-SRBC in CBA mice 2.1, 2.2 and
      1.7 times less as compared to untreated controls. Within 24 and 72 h after
      hormone injection the efficacy of red blood cell uptake by Kupffer cells
      decreased 1.35 and 1.8 times whereas the similar uptake by lung or spleen
      macrophages changed but insignificantly and that by bone marrow cells was even
      greater than in controls. Toward the 5th day after zymosan treatment the uptake
      capacity of Kupffer cells was the greatest whereas the plasma 11-OHCS content was
      1.3-fold less versus the control values.

PMID- 4041601
TI  - [Role of antigen-binding cells in the formation of producers of antibodies and
      antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulins].
AB  - The role of antigen-binding cells in the formation of antigen-dependent
      nonspecific immunoglobulin producers in the Mishell-Dutton system was
      investigated. It was shown that the main part of antigen-dependent nonspecific
      immunoglobulin producers arise from the cells bearing antigen-specific receptors
      (as well as antibody producers). The nature of antigen-specific receptors of the
      precursors of antibody-forming and antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulin
      forming cells is discussed.

PMID- 4041602
TI  - [Effect of hypolipidemic preparations on basal and stimulated adenylate cyclase
      activity in tumor cells].
AB  - A study was made of the action of the antidiabetic biguanide phenformin,
      clofibrate and the phospholipid drug Essentiale on the basal and adrenaline
      stimulated activity of adenylate cyclase in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cells.
      All the drugs under study potentiated the hormone-stimulated activity of
      adenylate cyclase. Unlike phenformin and Essentiale, clofibrate did not exert any
      effect on the basal activity of adenylate cyclase. On the other hand, certain
      differences were revealed in changes of the lipid content of tumor cells during
      application of the drugs in question. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity
      by hypolipidemic drugs is regarded as a promising approach to the goal-oriented
      changing of hormonal sensitivity of tumor cells.

PMID- 4041603
TI  - [Interaction of alveolar macrophages with fibronectin during sensitization and
      anaphylactic shock].
AB  - Interaction of rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) with homologous fibronectin bound
      to gelatin-sepharose granules was studied. Macrophages obtained at the height of
      anaphylactic shock and cells from sensitized animals after preincubation with
      antigen or histamine failed to adhere to the fibronectin-coated surface. AM from
      intact and sensitized animals were capable of adhering to the fibronectin-coated
      granules in a Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent manner. Pretreatment of intact cells with
      trypsin inhibited AM-fibronectin interaction. The data indicate that the surface
      of AM bears protein receptors, capable of interacting with fibronectin, which
      change their affinity during anaphylactic shock and under the effect of
      histamine. It may be thus concluded that fibronectin is involved in the function
      of mononuclear phagocytes in health, evidence that complements the idea of the
      role played by macrophages in the pathogenesis of the immediate type
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 4041604
TI  - [Differences in the rate of establishment of permanent estrus in rats after
      autotransplantation of the ovaries and as affected by other conditions].
AB  - In adult female rats, constant light leads to the cessation of the sexual cycle
      and formation of permanent estrus after 6 to 7 days. In young animals, the sexual
      cycle was retained despite constant light and only after 3 months when the body
      weight of the rats reached 200-220 g the estrus became permanent. This happened
      earlier than in animals with the ovaries autotransplanted to the ears. The
      combination of constant light and autotransplantation of the ovaries caused an
      earlier formation of permanent estrus. It is marked that the same mechanism (the
      age-associated decrease of the cyclic center sensitivity to estrogen) underlies
      permanent estrus of various etiology.

PMID- 4041605
TI  - [Role of sex steroids and the pituitary in regulating the level of a specific
      estrogen-binding protein in rat liver].
AB  - The effects of androgens (A), estrogens (E) and hypophysectomy on the content of
      an unusual rat liver estrogen-binding protein (UEBP) were studied by the
      differential quantitative method of the UEBP content measurement. The UEBP
      content was shown to increase during maturation of male rats. After A injections
      the UEBP content was high only in the liver of prepubertal but not of mature or
      immature males. Castration or hypophysectomy of mature males equally caused a
      decrease in the UEBP content in mature males whereas subsequent administration of
      A made it completely return to normal. Hypophysectomy of castrated males did not
      alter the UEBP content. A single injection of E provoked an appreciable reduction
      in the UEBP level after several days. Administration of A interfered with the
      inhibitory action of E after simultaneous injection of A and E and recovered the
      E-induced lowering of the UEBP content upon administration of A following E.
      Hypophysectomy of castrated males did not affect significantly the UEBP level.
      The UEBP content was insensitive to the direct action of pituitary factors. The
      pituitary is necessary for the realization of the effects of E alone but not A.
      It is suggested that the regulatory role of A consists in the maintenance of the
      constant optimal UEBP level in rat liver.

PMID- 4041606
TI  - [Structural and functional organization of the dorsal column nuclei after
      unilateral exclusion of the medial lemniscus].
AB  - The authors studied ultrastructural changes in neurons and alterations in evoked
      electrical responses after stimulation of the forelegs in the nuclei gracilis and
      cuneatus one year after unilateral section of the medial lemniscus in cats. It
      was shown that intact projectional elements of the nuclei gracilis and cuneatus
      had the normal cytological appearance and functional activity of their synaptical
      organization in spite of the cytoarchitectonic asymmetry. After disruption of the
      medial lemniscus the symmetrical nuclei of the dorsal columns did not exhibit any
      asymmetry in the distribution of evoked responses after stimulation of the
      forelegs.

PMID- 4041607
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of tissue components of different layers of the
      rat myocardium].
AB  - The tissue components of the subendocardial, inner and outer intramural layers of
      the myocardium were examined by morphometry. There was no significant difference
      in the proportion of cardiomyocytes in the different layers of the myocardium
      (subendocardium 0.820 +/- 0.007; inner layer 0.713 +/- 0.100; outer intramural
      layers 0.727 +/- 0.008; subepicardium 0.699 +/- 0.009). The relative surface of
      cardiomyocytes was maximal in the subepicardium (58.62 +/- 1,18). The magnitudes
      of the volumetric density and surface of the capillaries decreased from the
      subepicardial toward the subendocardial layer. The diameter of myocytes in the
      test layers of the myocardium varied within a wide range.

PMID- 4041608
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of changes in the skeletal muscle tissue of the
      extremities after experimental post-ischemic recirculation].
AB  - The canine ischemic muscle tissue was subjected to a comprehensive morphological
      study after the recovery of the blood flow in the limbs for 2 hours. The
      effectiveness of of the recovery of the blood flow after the 3-hour ischemia was
      supported in acute experimental occlusion of the artery. The blood flow recovery
      after 6 hours of ischemia was associated with appreciable structural and
      metabolic abnormalities in the skeletal muscle fibers. These abnormalities were
      more demonstrable during recirculation after 9 and 12 hours of ischemia. No
      morphological criteria that might indicate whether the ischemic damage to the
      skeletal muscle is reversible or irreversible were defined. A comprehensive
      morphological study with an assay of structural and metabolic alterations is
      required instead.

PMID- 4041609
TI  - [Changes in the ultrastructure of rat hepatocytes at different periods after
      hepatic ischemia].
AB  - The ultrastructure of rat hepatocytes was investigated at once at 30 min liver
      ischemia and at different periods after it. In 24 h of recirculation the
      processes of the recovery of hepatocyte ultrastructure dominated in the liver
      parenchyma, but even in 14 days of recirculation no complete reconstruction of
      hepatocyte ultrastructure was observed.

PMID- 4041610
TI  - [Possible approach to evaluating the energy potential of mitochondria in
      morphological studies].
AB  - Based on histoenzymatic, cytospectrophotometric, electron microscopy and
      stereometric studies of the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and mitochondrial
      areas the authors developed integral indicators of the mitochondrial energy
      potential. The indicators permit forming a more concrete and complete judgement
      about the structural and functional status of the mitochondria and cell on the
      whole as well as about the contribution to the maintenance of intracellular
      homeostasis of individual substrates and components of redox processes, which
      widens the diagnostic and prognostic potentialities of the morphological and
      cytological assay.

PMID- 4041611
TI  - [Space-time sequence and mosaicism of neurogenesis in the CA1 field of the mouse
      hippocampus].
AB  - Pregnant CBA mice were given a single injection of 3H-thymidine (3H-T) (10
      microCi/g) on days 11-19 of pregnancy. The mouse progeny was sacrificed on the
      first day of postnatal life. Brain was embedded into paraffin and durcupan.
      Radioautographs of paraffin and semithin sections were prepared and employed for
      mapping the site of intensely labeled neurons (ILN) in the CAI area of the
      hippocampus (H). ILN appeared in the CAI area after 3H-T injection, namely on
      embryonic day 12 (E 12). The ILN number reached a maximum after isotope injection
      on 2 14-15 and then dramatically fell down. The neurogenesis in the
      suprapyramidal layer of the CAI area slightly outstripped the neurogenesis in the
      pyramidal and infrapyramidal layers. At early times of the experiment the CAI
      area exhibited the predominance of single ILN, whereas at late times paired ILN
      prevailed. That fact might be linked with the replacement during the neurogenesis
      of asymmetric critical mitoses of the germinative neuronal precursors by
      symmetric critical mitoses. Analysis of the ILN distribution in the CAL area
      revealed mosaic clusters of ILN alternating with unlabeled or mildly labeled
      neurons. Those groups were most remarkable in mice injected with 3H-T on E 14 and
      E 15. The mosaicism of the neurogenesis in the H is regarded as the result of
      heterochronous neuronal production by local parts of the germinative zone, each
      of which builds up a separate radial segment of the H.

PMID- 4041612
TI  - [Reactivity of mononuclear phagocytes in the lungs and liver of rats exposed to
      low temperatures].
AB  - A study was made of lung and liver mononuclear phagocytes of rats exposed to
      severe cold (-7 degrees C). The data indicate the depression of mononuclear
      phagocytes under short-term (2 h) exposure to cold followed by activation of
      phagocytes, which was more demonstrable in the lungs. The phase modifications in
      the activity of mononuclear phagocytes were associated with accumulation of lipid
      peroxidation products (LPP) and destruction of alveolocytes. The different
      accumulation of LPP in the test organs of animals exposed to cold is regarded by
      the authors as a possible reason for functional differences of lung and liver
      macrophages.

PMID- 4041613
TI  - [Experimental data on the mechanism of development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - A study was made of histo- and ultrastructure and of some electron-histochemical
      characteristics of the myocardium and liver of alcoholic rats. Experimental
      animals manifested alterations in the myocardium which were similar to those seen
      in alcoholic cardiomyopathy in humans. In controls, such alterations were either
      lacking or occurred in rare cases. Rats which received ethanol showed fatty
      dystrophy of the liver. The experimental animals differed from controls in some
      morphometric parameters (body and heart weight, diameter of cardiomyocytes) as
      well.

PMID- 4041614
TI  - [Hemobacterial agglutination--method of determining antierythrocyte antibodies].
AB  - A technique of antierythrocyte antibody detection is described. It as based on co
      agglutination of red blood cells and S. aureus cells. The method is
      unsophisticated and non-laborious. It provides massive agglutination, its
      sensitivity is one order of magnitude higher than that of the Coombs test.

PMID- 4041615
TI  - [Method for electrodiagnosis of the necrotic zone in skeletal muscles].
AB  - A simple new method for determination of necrosis of the skeletal muscles is
      suggested. Stimulation of the muscle and the recording of the contraction is made
      via a needle electrode. The contraction is recorded as a characteristic drop of
      the muscle resistance to high-frequency current which per se does not cause any
      stimulation. The zone of necrosis does not demonstrate any characteristic changes
      in the resistance. The presence of necrosis in the areas under exploration was
      proved histologically.

PMID- 4041616
TI  - [Masugi's nephritis: preparation of an active nephrotoxic serum].
AB  - An active nephrotoxic serum (NTS) was prepared by immunization of rabbits with
      isolated renal glomeruli of rats and Freund's complete adjuvant. The glomeruli
      were isolated from the renal cortex by the sieving procedure. Intravenous
      injection of the NTS to rats induced the development of marked proteinuria and
      the nephrotic syndrome. Histological and electron microscopic studies of renal
      tissue performed by days 5 and 15 since the first injection of the NTS revealed
      extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. IgG depositions on the basal
      membranes of the glomerular capillaries were linear on day 5 and granular on day
      15 since the first injection of the NTS.

PMID- 4041617
TI  - Regulated proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells in long-term
      human marrow cultures.
AB  - We have examined the cycling status of various classes of erythroid and
      granulopoietic progenitor populations maintained for many weeks in standard
      normal long-term human marrow cultures. These were initiated with a single
      inoculum of marrow aspirate and were routinely fed by weekly removal of half of
      the nonadherent cells and replacement of half of the growth medium. Progenitors
      of large erythroid colonies (more than eight erythroblast clusters) present in
      the nonadherent fraction and progenitors of small granulocyte/macrophage colonies
      (fewer than 500 cells) present in both the nonadherent and adherent fractions
      were found to be actively cycling at all times examined (28% to 63% kill
      following a 20-minute exposure to 20 microCi/mL of high specific activity 3H
      thymidine). In contrast, progenitors of large granulocyte/macrophage colonies
      (more than 500 cells) and progenitors of large erythroid colonies (more than
      eight erythroblast clusters), present in the adherent layer, consistently
      alternated between a quiescent state at the time of each weekly medium change and
      a proliferating state two to three days later (0% to 13% kill and 21% to 49%
      kill, respectively). Additional experiments revealed that the activation of
      primitive progenitors in the adherent layer was not dependent on the addition of
      fresh glutamine or hydrocortisone, nor on the physical manipulations involved in
      changing the growth medium. These studies provide the first direct evidence that
      normal long-term human marrow cultures support the continued turnover of a
      variety of early hematopoietic progenitor cell types. Further, they indicate that
      the proliferative activity of the most primitive of these progenitors is
      regulated by stage-specific cell-cell interactions that are subject to
      manipulation.

PMID- 4041618
TI  - Heparin cofactor II activity in patients with disseminated intravascular
      coagulation and hepatic failure.
AB  - Heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a glycoprotein in human plasma which inactivates
      thrombin rapidly in the presence of heparin or dermatan sulfate. We have
      developed a functional assay for HCII in which inhibition of thrombin by plasma
      is determined in the presence of dermatan sulfate. The assay is specific for HCII
      by the following criteria: (a) under the conditions of the assay, 125I-thrombin
      forms complexes in plasma which comigrate with the thrombin-HCII complex during
      sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); (b)
      activity detected by the assay is decreased in plasma absorbed with monospecific
      antibodies against HCII; and (c) purified antithrombin III (ATIII) is unreactive
      in the assay system. Addition of Polybrene to the assay permits determination of
      HCII activity in samples containing less than or equal to 12 U/mL of heparin. The
      range of HCII concentrations in normal individuals is 1.2 +/- 0.4 mumol/L (mean
      +/- 2 SD, n = 34). HCII activity was determined in 54 consecutive patients
      undergoing evaluation for the possibility of disseminated intravascular
      coagulation (DIC). Ten of the 11 patients with documented DIC had decreased HCII
      activity as compared with only 7 of the 43 patients without DIC (chi 2 = 19.3, P
      less than .0001). The concentrations of HCII and ATIII varied in parallel in most
      of the patients tested. A significant correlation between decreased HCII activity
      and decreased serum albumin concentration was also observed in these patients and
      in eight additional patients with hepatic failure in the absence of DIC. We
      conclude that HCII activity is decreased in many patients with DIC and hepatic
      failure.

PMID- 4041619
TI  - Human platelet fibrinogen: purification and hemostatic properties.
AB  - Conditions were developed in which 80% to 90% of platelet fibrinogen could be
      routinely purified in nondegraded form from the fluid phase of platelet
      suspensions stimulated with the calcium ionophore, A23187, in the presence of
      calcium, leupeptin, and prostaglandin E1. Fibrinogen was separated from other
      released proteins by chromatography on diethylaminoethanol (DEAE)-cellulose using
      a continuous pH and ionic strength gradient. Purified platelet fibrinogen,
      greater than 98% homogeneous by immunoelectrophoresis and sodium-dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), consisted of intact A alpha, B
      beta and gamma A chains, but not gamma' chains, and was 95% to 96% clottable.
      Platelet fibrinogen was shown to compete for the binding of radiolabeled plasma
      fibrinogen to ADP-activated platelets in a manner identical to that of unlabeled
      plasma fibrinogen itself. Also, at equivalent protein concentrations, platelet
      and plasma fibrinogens supported platelet aggregation to an equivalent extent.
      Based upon these results, we conclude that there is no significant difference
      between platelet and plasma fibrinogen with respect to their size, their
      clottability, their affinity for the activated platelet fibrinogen receptor, or
      their capacity to support subsequent platelet aggregation.

PMID- 4041620
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase in human thymus cells.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was long thought to be an enzyme found specifically
      at the sites of nerve synapses and neuromuscular junctions. It has also been
      found to occur, however, in cells that are not involved with neurotransmission.
      This study presents the ultrastructural localization of AChE activity in human
      thymus cells, using the indirect thiocholine method. Cytochemical demonstration
      of the enzyme was based on the coupling of acetylthiocholine iodide hydrolysis to
      the precipitation of heavy metal salts. AChE activity was selectively revealed in
      the perinuclear cisternae, within the endoplasmic reticulum, and in the Golgi
      complex of thymic lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Evidence of the presence of
      reaction product in the latter cells was also found in vesicles that opened into
      the extracellular space. This is the first demonstration of AChE in human thymus
      cells. Its possible physiologic role in the thymus gland is discussed.

PMID- 4041621
TI  - The acetylcholinesterase defect in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: evidence
      that the enzyme is absent from the cell membrane.
AB  - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a myelodysplastic disease
      characterized by erythrocytes that show abnormally increased sensitivity to
      complement-mediated lysis. Complement-sensitive PNH erythrocyte membranes have
      previously been shown to lack acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, but the
      molecular basis of this deficiency has been unclear. We have used monoclonal
      antibodies to four different epitopes on the AchE molecule to show that abnormal
      PNH erythrocytes failed to bind these antibodies. Moreover, abnormal PNH
      erythrocytes contained no protein immunoprecipitable by these antibodies, while
      normal complement-insensitive erythrocytes from PNH patients showed normal
      amounts of immunoprecipitable AchE which had normal electrophoretic mobility.
      These data suggest that abnormal PNH erythrocytes lack AchE enzyme activity due
      to the absence of the AchE molecule from the cell membrane.

PMID- 4041622
TI  - Observations on the outcome of specialty education and training in forensic
      psychiatry.

PMID- 4041623
TI  - Reasonable medical certainty, diagnostic thresholds, and definitions of mental
      illness in the legal context.

PMID- 4041624
TI  - Can psychiatry contribute to gun control?

PMID- 4041625
TI  - Beyond the scientific limits of expert testimony.

PMID- 4041626
TI  - The consultation model and forensic psychiatric practice.

PMID- 4041627
TI  - Medical school forensic psychiatry units in health care delivery facilities
      rather than criminal justice institutions: an alternative model.
AB  - We have presented a model for developing forensic psychiatric treatment and
      teaching services of a medical school Department of Psychiatry, but where these
      services are the basic comprehensive health care delivery system for the entire
      community. These offer consultative and treatment services for adult and family
      court clinic, psychiatric forensic services, of forensic psychiatry open bed and
      medium security-type bed, as well as day hospital and outpatient services. All of
      these are sited in the normal health care delivery system of the university
      teaching hospitals and its patient treatment, teaching, and research facilities.
      Consultative services are offered on request to the criminal justice system, but
      the basic health care delivery system is controlled administratively by the
      ordinary university teaching hospital authorities and exists as a one of a kind
      unit at the Royal Ottawa Hospital. The Royal Ottawa Hospital is a private
      nonprofit hospital, with its own Board of Trustees, and is affiliated with the
      medical school, as part of a major university network. We believe it important to
      present this model for an overall forensic psychiatric service, in
      contradistinction to the more commonly established forensic psychiatric
      facilities in state mental hospitals, in a special facility for the criminally
      insane, or in a criminal justice system institution such as a penitentiary. We
      believe that our model for forensic psychiatric facilities has great advantages
      for the patient. Here the patient is treated in a specialized facility (as all
      psychiatric patients with specialized problems should be); but one which is a
      specialized forensic facility, within the range of specialized psychiatric
      facilities that are needed by an urban community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4041628
TI  - Sanctum sanctorum: the psychiatrist's role in postrial competency examination of
      jurors.

PMID- 4041629
TI  - Suicide litigation and risk management: a review of 32 cases.

PMID- 4041630
TI  - Children who witness violence: tortious aspects.

PMID- 4041631
TI  - A comparison between men charged with domestic and nondomestic homicide.

PMID- 4041632
TI  - Use of summons in involuntary civil commitment.

PMID- 4041633
TI  - Decision-making in child abuse and neglect.
AB  - Social attachment theory can be of value in examining the wide variety of abuse
      and neglect situations that come to the attention of authorities. We consider
      evaluation of the parent-child relationship as a crucial part of the judicial
      process. We have suggested parameters that can be used to evaluate the
      relationship. We have outlined some of the more common distortions in this
      relationship that have, in our experience, been associated with the mistreatment
      of children. The use of social attachment theory has been of great help in
      understanding the emotional reactions of the many children we have seen for
      evaluation and treatment. The theory also serves as a potential guide for
      improvements in social policy. If we are more sensitive to the psychological
      world of these children, we will be better able to truly protect them.

PMID- 4041634
TI  - Detecting child abuse by studying the parents.

PMID- 4041635
TI  - The role of unconscious conflict in informed consent.

PMID- 4041636
TI  - A case of child abandonment--reflections on criminal responsibility in
      adolescence.
AB  - The issue of responsibility for delinquent acts has been examined in the light of
      adolescence as a unique developmental stage, and it has been proposed that the
      degree to which one should hold an adolescent morally responsible for his/her
      acts corresponds to the degree to which he/she has individuated from his/her
      family and become a psychologic adult. A case was presented in which the crime of
      child abandonment was committed by an adolescent who was still deeply enmeshed
      interpersonally with her mother and had not yet achieved a separate identity as
      an adult. The psychiatric findings were presented to the Court after a plea
      bargain had been struck and prior to sentencing. They conveyed the belief, in lay
      terms, that moral responsibility for this crime was collective, to be borne in
      part by the perpetrator's family. The Court responded humanely with a suspended
      sentence, conditioned on psychotherapy, allowing the young mother to remain
      together with her first child. Not only does this article suggest the value of an
      understanding of adolescent psychiatric concepts for the forensic psychiatrist,
      it also suggests that the more subtle aspects of assigning responsibility can be
      better evaluated by the court at the time of sentencing than during the trial
      phase.

PMID- 4041637
TI  - Identification of fluchloralin in imported dried fruit.

PMID- 4041638
TI  - Identification of diazinon and its metabolite in spinach by chemical ionization
      mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4041639
TI  - Colorimetric determination of propoxur residues in vegetables and water.

PMID- 4041640
TI  - Activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by hepatic S-9 from a marine fish.

PMID- 4041641
TI  - Acute toxicity of four phenoxy herbicides to aquatic organisms.

PMID- 4041642
TI  - Organochlorine hydrocarbon residues in sediments of two different lagoons of
      northwest Mexico.

PMID- 4041643
TI  - Effect of selenite on the uptake of methylmercury in cod (Gadus morhua).

PMID- 4041644
TI  - Effects of gut sediment contents on measurements of metal levels in benthic
      invertebrates--a cautionary note.

PMID- 4041645
TI  - Superficial accumulation of heavy metals in near shore marine sediments: an
      objective index of environmental pollution.

PMID- 4041646
TI  - Absorption of Cu++ by long-term cultures of Dunaliella salina, D. tertiolecta,
      and D. viridis.

PMID- 4041647
TI  - Daphnia magna as an indicator of the acute toxicity of waste waters.

PMID- 4041648
TI  - Effects of cold ambient temperatures on acute mortality of Peromyscus leucopus
      dosed with parathion.

PMID- 4041649
TI  - Hemolyzed, lyophilized bovine blood for quality control of lead determination of
      human whole blood.

PMID- 4041650
TI  - Factors associated with blood pressure in females with heavy exposure to cadmium.

PMID- 4041651
TI  - Tissue distribution of acetaldehyde in rats following acetaldehyde inhalation and
      intragastric ethanol administration.

PMID- 4041652
TI  - Extraction and analysis of chlordimeform and demethylchlordimeform from human
      tissue samples.

PMID- 4041653
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in human blood and urine.

PMID- 4041654
TI  - Serum organochlorine residues in Florida citrus workers compared to the National
      Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sample.

PMID- 4041655
TI  - Respiratory mucus production in asthma.

PMID- 4041656
TI  - Respiratory function in recent pulmonary sarcoidosis with special reference to
      small airways.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate airway dysfunction in relation to duration of
      disease in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis for less than two years. Twenty
      four subjects with recent disease were compared with nine subjects with disease
      of more than two years' duration. They underwent lung function testing (lung
      volumes, lung transfer factor for CO and pulmonary mechanics). Small airway
      function was assessed using frequency dependence of compliance, closing volume,
      nitrogen single breath test and flow-volume curves breathing air and helium
      oxygen mixture. Airway dysfunction was seen in pulmonary sarcoidosis even in some
      patients with recent disease and it became more evident in disease of longer
      duration. The results suggest small airway involvement. The frequency of airway
      dysfunction is difficult to evaluate, varying from estimates of 0% using flow
      volume curves to 79% with frequency dependence of compliance. This apparent
      discrepancy could be explained by the consequences of parenchymal involvement
      leading to inhomogeneities in distribution of compliance, and of elastic lung
      recoil. We conclude that patients with recent sarcoidosis are probably affected
      by intrinsic small airway disease, but an increase in elastic recoil often
      conceals its consequences. The airway disease may not be apparent using
      conventional function tests and published predicted values.

PMID- 4041657
TI  - Respiratory inductance plethysmography: calibration techniques, their validation
      and the effects of posture.
AB  - Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) is used to measure ventilation from
      two measurements of body surface movements (rib-cage and abdomen) via the
      application of volume-motion (V-M) coefficients. The correct derivation of both V
      M coefficients (calibration) is necessary because there are considerable
      spontaneous variations in relative contributions from these two compartments even
      during resting breathing. In order to fully test a calibration, deliberate
      changes in rib-cage (RC) to abdominal (AB) contribution must be made. We used
      this approach to test two single-posture calibration techniques, multiple linear
      regression (MLR) and isovolume (ISV). Ten normal subjects and nine patients with
      chronic airway obstruction (CAWO) were studied using quiet breathing throughout.
      We also studied the effects of changing posture on the constancy of the V-M
      coefficients. MLR proved a little more accurate (p = 0.03) in deriving the V-M
      coefficients than ISV in normal subjects, and ISV consistently underestimated the
      AB V-M coefficient relative to RC. No difference between the two techniques
      existed in patients with CAWO. Both MLR and ISV calibrations failed to give
      acceptable calibrations in some patients. When MLR calibration was used, a
      deliberate 20% change in relative compartmental contribution (RC-AB) induced mean
      errors in RIP estimations of tidal volume of 3.5 and 9.5% in normal subjects and
      patients respectively. When there were no deliberate changes in relative
      contribution, the 95% confidence limits of individual tidal volume estimates were
      +/- 6.6 and +/- 12% in normal subjects and patients respectively. MLR calibration
      provides a statistical estimate of its quality at the time of V-M coefficient
      derivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041659
TI  - Upper airway reflexes in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - In 16 newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) not artificially
      ventilated, oesophageal pressure was recorded with an electromanometer and the
      reactions to mechanical stimulation of the upper airways by means of a nylon
      fibre were investigated. The results were compared with the values obtained in 16
      newborns without cardiorespiratory disturbances. The reactions were evoked by
      mechanical stimulation of the airways. Mechanical stimulation of the nasal mucosa
      produced expulsive reactions only in 45% of cases in newborns with RDS as
      compared with 95% in healthy newborns (p less than 0.001). Stimulation of the
      oropharyngeal and laryngeal regions elicited expulsive reactions in 48% of cases
      in newborns with RDS, but 74% in healthy newborns (p less than 0.001). In other
      cases, inhibition of breathing or apnoea was the most common reaction. The
      expulsive component of responses such as sneezing, expiratory reaction and crying
      was weaker in newborns with RDS than in control infants. The inspiratory
      component of sneezing and coughing, on the contrary, was stronger in newborns
      with RDS. These results indicate that active elimination of irritants from the
      airways is reduced in newborns with RDS.

PMID- 4041658
TI  - [Effects of sensitization to ovalbumin on the lipid content of the
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in guinea pigs].
AB  - Four groups of guinea-pigs were studied (l1: control, l2: sensitized to
      ovalbumin, l3: sensitized and challenged by aerosol of ovalbumin, l4: challenged
      by aerosol of histamine). In urethane anaesthetized guinea-pigs, pulmonary
      resistances and dynamic compliance were measured (before and after aerosol of
      ovalbumin in l3 and aerosol of histamine in l4). The lungs were removed and the
      static pressure-volume curves were performed to determine lung compliance. In the
      pulmonary lavage fluids, surface tension and total fatty acids and phospholipids
      were measured by Cahn's electrobalance and gas chromatography respectively. In l2
      guinea-pigs, the mean value of total fatty acids and of phospholipids was
      significantly decreased in pulmonary lavage fluid, by 24.5% and 40.2%
      respectively. Surface tension was increased while lung mechanics was identical to
      control. In l3 guinea-pigs, the mean value of total fatty acids and of
      phospholipids was significantly decreased in pulmonary lavage fluids, by 55.7%
      and 53.2% respectively. Surface tension was increased. In vivo, lung mechanics
      was changed: dynamic compliance decreased, pulmonary resistances increased.
      Pressure-volume curves were flattened and pulmonary compliance of isolated lungs
      was decreased since bronchial obstruction remained after death. In l4 guinea
      pigs, the mean value of total fatty acids and of phospholipids was increased in
      pulmonary lavage fluid but not significantly, by 26.6% and 9.2%. Surface tension
      was not changed. Lung mechanics was very significantly affected by bronchospasm,
      but after death the mechanics of the isolated lung and of control lung was
      identical. Finally, the decrease of surface-active lipids in pulmonary lavage
      fluid originates in the sensitization and is enhanced by antigen-induced
      bronchial anaphylaxis but not by histamine-induced bronchospasm.

PMID- 4041660
TI  - Muscle fibre types in costal and crural diaphragm in normal men and in patients
      with moderate chronic respiratory disease.
AB  - Histochemical muscle fibre composition of human costal and crural diaphragm was
      determined in biopsies sampled during surgical procedures. Two groups were
      studied: 10 subjects with normal lung function and 8 patients with chronic
      obstructive respiratory disease. Muscle fibres were classified as type I (slow
      twitch) or type II (fast twitch) on the basis of their myofibrillar ATPase pH
      lability. There was no significant difference in fibre proportions between costal
      diaphragm (COD) and crural diaphragm (CRD) for both groups of subjects. Yet, in
      the normal group, the diameters of both types of fibres were larger in COD than
      in CRD. The diameters of both types of fibres of the obstructive patients were
      significantly decreased in COD as compared to the normals. Moreover, linear
      correlations between type I and II fibre diameters and VC, FEV1, FEV1/VC, and
      body weight were found in COD and not in CRD. The differences found in muscle
      fibre size support the idea that the mechanical respiratory load is different for
      COD and CRD, COD being the more important force generator. Chronic obstructive
      respiratory disease causes a significant decrease in COD fibre size but does not
      affect CRD.

PMID- 4041661
TI  - Exercise performance of subjects with ankylosing spondylitis and limited chest
      expansion.
AB  - To examine the mechanism of exercise limitation associated with chest wall
      restriction (CWR), we compared the ramp (1 W/3 s) exercise performance of six
      untrained subjects with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and six healthy subjects
      matched for age and body size. Subjects with AS had CWR (maximum rib cage
      expansion : 1.4 +/- 0.2 cm; means +/- sem). The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of
      AS subjects (2.15 +/- 0.2 1-stpd) was less than their predicted VO2max (2.68 +/-
      0.13 1-stpd; p less than 0.03) and the measured VO2max of matched healthy
      subjects (2.78 +/- 0.22 1-stpd; p less than 0.03). Subjects with AS achieved 95
      percent of predicted maximum heart rate, and their maximum voluntary ventilation
      exceeded their maximum exercise ventilation by at least 15 l X min-1 unless
      parenchymal pulmonary disease was present. We conclude that maximum ramp exercise
      performance of AS subjects with CWR is decreased. Deconditioning or
      cardiovascular impairment rather than ventilatory impairment appears responsible
      for the observed reduction of VO2max.

PMID- 4041662
TI  - [Effects of histamine on the pressure-volume curve of the respiratory system in
      the guinea pig].
AB  - Intravenous infusion of histamine has been shown to constrict smooth muscle of
      alveolar ducts. In this study, we have assessed the effects of a prolonged
      infusion of histamine to obtain a steady state response on quasistatic pressure
      volume curves (P-V curves) together with the changes in dynamic compliance (Cdyn)
      and conductance (G) of the respiratory system. Increasing doses of histamine were
      given in order to obtain the dose-response characteristics of the changes in
      Cdyn, G and P-V curves. In nine anesthetized guinea-pigs under mechanical
      ventilation, administration of histamine resulted in a fall in Cdyn and G with a
      decrease of 50% of initial value approximately for 150 ng X kg-1 X s-1 of
      histamine. Modifications of the P-V curves were characterized by a decrease in
      the maximal volume, and an increase in the hysteresis of the P-V loop due to the
      downward displacement of the inflation limb. With infusion of histamine, there
      was a large decrease of quasi-static compliance which appeared to account for
      most of the decrease in dynamic compliance. Such changes in P-V curves can be
      related both to a closure of alveolar ducts and to an alteration of lung
      distensibility. Comparison of the dose-response curves for the different
      parameters indicated that Cdyn and G reflect, at least in part, events occurring
      in the periphery of the lung.

PMID- 4041663
TI  - [Value of sleep polygraph examination in the etiological diagnosis of apparently
      inexplicable respiratory insufficiency].
AB  - This study describes the case of a 58 year old man who presented with an episode
      of acute respiratory failure and right heart decompensation. After recovery from
      the acute illness, hypoxaemia, hypercapnia and pulmonary arterial hypertension
      remained, the causes of which were not known. There was no airway obstruction,
      only a moderate restrictive ventilatory defect, a little weight increase and a
      unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. Obstructive sleep apnoea was finally
      suspected and confirmed by sleep recording. The obstructive sleep apnoea probably
      explained the respiratory insufficiency and the pulmonary hypertension. Loss of
      weight was associated with the disappearance of hypercapnia and pulmonary
      hypertension. As a result of this study, the value of sleep recording is
      emphasized. When respiratory failure or pulmonary hypertension seem unexplained,
      think of obstructive sleep apnoea.

PMID- 4041664
TI  - Assessment of changes in airway calibre using the body plethysmograph.
AB  - We set out to assess the contribution of errors in measurement of thoracic gas
      volume and the relationship between volume and conductance to the estimation of
      airway resistance and conductance. In three subjects, errors in thoracic gas
      volume were smaller by a computerized than a manual method, but were not great
      enough to have much effect on the variability of resistance and conductance. The
      conductance-volume relationship was very variable in 17 subjects; from this
      relationship, it was possible to predict whether conductance or specific
      conductance would be the more variable measurement in 16 out of the 17.
      Conductance-volume relationships changed markedly after bronchoconstriction with
      histamine in one out of three subjects. Overall we found specific conductance to
      be the most satisfactory measurement. This measurement can be made without
      estimation of thoracic gas volume by closure of the mouth shutter and can,
      therefore, be used to follow acute changes in airway calibre.

PMID- 4041665
TI  - Growth models (including terminal and segmental branching) for topological binary
      trees.

PMID- 4041666
TI  - Chaotic dynamics of information processing: the "magic number seven plus-minus
      two" revisited.

PMID- 4041667
TI  - On the computation of the tertiary structure of globular proteins--IV. Use of
      secondary structure information.

PMID- 4041668
TI  - The extension of two-dimensional cable theory to arteries and arterioles.

PMID- 4041669
TI  - The unidirectional flux transient as a tool for quantifying parallel diffusional
      pathways through membranes. Exact solution for two pathways.

PMID- 4041670
TI  - Getting a job: the interview.
AB  - The interview is a vital part of the process of selecting the best candidate for
      a hospital post from many suitable ones. Most doctors should be able to develop
      an interview technique that does justice to all their qualities.

PMID- 4041672
TI  - Manpower and training.

PMID- 4041671
TI  - Your accounts. Private practice--7.

PMID- 4041673
TI  - Refuge in the private sector.

PMID- 4041674
TI  - The Scrooge issue.

PMID- 4041675
TI  - The selective antagonism of bradykinin action on rat isolated uterus by crude
      Mandevilla velutina extract.
AB  - A crude aqueous alcoholic extract of Mandevilla velutina (Apocynaceae) rhizomes
      produced a concentration-dependent displacement to the right of the concentration
      response curve to bradykinin (Bk) in the isolated uterus of the rat. Schild
      analysis of the data revealed a linear relationship (r = 0.99) and yielded a pA2
      value of 3.3 + 0.08 (- log g ml-1) but the slope differed significantly from
      unity. The anti-Bk action was of rapid onset and was reversible upon washout.
      Contractions induced by acetylcholine, oxytocin, angiotensin II and BaCl2 were
      unaffected by the extract. This represents the first report of a selective Bk
      antagonist of plant origin. The isolation of the active principle(s) may result
      in a useful pharmacological tool for elucidating the physiological and
      physiopathological roles of endogenous Bk.

PMID- 4041676
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of contractile effects in the circular and longitudinal
      smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens by drugs perfused externally or via the
      lumen.
AB  - The effects of noradrenaline and barium chloride were studied in the rat isolated
      vas deferens by perfusion of drugs either externally or through the lumen of the
      organ. Two effects were recorded simultaneously in the same preparation: (a)
      isometric contractions, due to the tension elicited by drugs on the external
      (longitudinal) smooth muscle layer and (b) pressure of internal perfusion, due to
      contractions of the internal (circular) smooth muscle layer. It was found with
      the longitudinal muscle that: (a) the potency, expressed as pD2 values, and the
      maximum response to noradrenaline were lower if the drug was perfused internally
      rather than externally; (b) the differences in maximum effects were pronounced on
      the prostatic half but were not observed on the epididymal half; (c) the maximum
      response obtained by internal perfusion could be increased by simultaneously
      adding the same dose of drug externally; (d) when barium chloride was used
      instead of noradrenaline no significant differences were observed on pD2 values,
      but differences on maximal responses were similar to that observed for
      noradrenaline; (e) it was possible to block completely the effect of internal or
      external noradrenaline on the longitudinal muscle, by perfusing external
      phenoxybenzamine. In these conditions the responses of the circular muscle to the
      agonist were only partly blocked. With the circular muscle, the differences
      related to internal and external perfusion were less marked than in the
      longitudinal muscle. However, unlike the latter, the circular layer was slightly
      more sensitive to drugs applied internally, in relation to pD2 values. It is
      suggested that the difference in pD2 values may be due to the removal of
      noradrenaline by the neuronal uptake process, whereas the difference in maximal
      effect is due to the inaccessibility of part of the receptor population when
      drugs are added through the lumen.

PMID- 4041677
TI  - Effects of H1-receptor blocking drugs on the frog sartorius neuromuscular
      junction.
AB  - The effects of H1-receptor blocking agents, pyrilamine, promethazine, and
      diphenhydramine, on the amplitude and time course of endplate potentials (e.p.ps)
      were studied in the sartorius muscles of frogs. H1-receptor blockers (10(-5)-10(
      4) M) reduced the amplitude of e.p.ps recorded intracellularly without affecting
      the resting membrane potential. The acetylcholine potential was decreased by
      perfusion of H1-receptor blockers. However, when the muscle fibre was stimulated
      directly, threshold and magnitude of action potential were not affected by H1
      receptor blockers. The time constant of decay of the e.p.ps recorded
      extracellularly was reduced by H1-receptor blockers and the decay remained
      exponential with a single time constant. The quantal content was not reduced by
      perfusion of H1-receptor blockers at a concentration of 10(-4) M. It is assumed
      that the major site of action of these H1-receptor blocking agents is at the
      postsynaptic membrane.

PMID- 4041679
TI  - Affinity and efficacy correlate with chemical structure more than potency does in
      a series of pentatomic cyclic muscarinic agonists.
AB  - The efficacy and affinity of nine pentatomic cyclic muscarinic agonists were
      determined on the guinea-pig ileum, according to the method of Furchgott &
      Bursztyn (1967). The efficacy and affinity of these agonists are affected
      differently by structural modifications. Our results suggest that a strong dipole
      oriented in the same direction as that of the hydroxy group of muscarine, or the
      presence of a polarizable atom in the same position, are important for efficacy.

PMID- 4041678
TI  - Potassium changes the relationship between receptor occupancy and the inotropic
      effect of cardiac glycosides in guinea-pig myocardium.
AB  - K+ (2.4-15.6 mmol l-1) antagonized the positive inotropic effect of dihydro
      ouabain. The concentration-effect curves became steeper with the shift to higher
      concentrations of the glycoside. At 1.2 mmol l-1 Ca2+, an increase in K+ from 2.4
      to 12 mmol l-1 required tenfold higher concentrations of dihydro-ouabain to
      produce equal inotropic effects. This factor was reduced to four at 3.2 mmol l-1
      Ca2+. The same change in K+ concentration, at 1.2 mmol l-1 Ca2+, diminished the
      inotropic effect of ouabain on rested-state contractions by a factor of six. The
      positive inotropic effect of Ca2+ was also antagonized by K+ (1.2-12 mmol l-1).
      Reduction of Na+ from 140 to 70 mmol l-1 abolished the antagonistic action of K+
      (1.2-8.0 mmol l-1). Moreover the inotropic effect of Ca2+ was enhanced. Reduction
      of Na+, from 140 to 70 mmol l-1, antagonized the positive inotropic effect of
      dihydro-ouabain more at low (2.4 mmol l-1) than at high (8.0 mmol l-1) K+.
      Accordingly, the extent of the dihydro-ouabain-K+ antagonism was reduced. When
      the K+ concentration was increased from 2.4 to 12 mmol l-1, [3H]-ouabain binding
      was reduced by a factor of three. This is less than the reduction in the
      inotropic effectiveness of ouabain or dihydro-ouabain. Reduction of stimulation
      frequency from 1 to 0.1215 Hz did not significantly alter the antagonistic effect
      of K+. Diminution of Vmax of the action potential was observed only at K+
      concentrations greater than 5.9 mmol l-1, whereas the resting membrane potential
      was continuously depolarized over the entire range of K+ concentrations. The
      results support the view that the reduction in receptor affinity cannot be the
      sole cause of the antagonism between the glycoside and K+. Impairment of passive
      Na+ influx during diastole, due to the K+-dependent depolarization of the resting
      membrane potential, contributed to about one half of the glycoside-K+ antagonism.

PMID- 4041680
TI  - Effect of nicotine on blood flow, oxygen consumption and glucose uptake in the
      canine small intestine.
AB  - Resting blood flow, arterio-venous glucose and oxygen (A-V)O2 differences,
      glucose uptake and oxygen consumption by a segment of the upper jejunum were
      measured in anaesthetized dogs. Systemic arterial pressure was also measured. The
      effect of nicotine infusion (25 micrograms kg-1 i.v., over 10 min) on these
      measurements was recorded in untreated dogs, in dogs treated with propranolol
      (0.5 mg kg-1) to produce beta-adrenoceptor blockade and in dogs after alpha 1
      adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin (0.2 mg kg-1). Nicotine cause a significant
      pressor response during infusion and a hypotensive response during the post
      infusion period. Propranolol did not significantly affect these results. Jejunal
      blood flow increased in the first half of nicotine infusion in both the untreated
      and beta-blocked animals. Vascular resistance was reduced during nicotine
      infusion and the decrease persisted post infusion in the beta-blocked group. In
      the untreated group (A-V)O2 was significantly reduced during the first 5 min of
      nicotine infusion, thereafter it returned to control levels, then rose
      significantly above control level, post infusion. beta-Adrenoceptor blockade had
      little effect on these responses to nicotine. When oxygen consumption was
      calculated it was found that nicotine had little effect during or after infusion.
      Nicotine caused significant hyperglycaemia during and for about 1 h after
      infusion. Tissue release of glucose was occasionally observed following the
      infusion. beta-Adrenoceptor blockade reduced the hyperglycaemia caused by
      nicotine. beta-Blockade alone increased uptake and nicotine caused a further
      three to four fold increase. Prazosin abolished the effects that were observed in
      the untreated and the alpha-blocked animals. 6 The present findings, related to
      our previous observations on the effects of catecholamines on glucose uptake by
      the bowel, are consistent with the hypothesis that nicotine has its action on
      bowel glucose uptake or release through its well-established action in releasing
      catecholamines and in activating beta-adrenoceptors. The responses are not
      related to oxygen utilization.

PMID- 4041682
TI  - Pharmacological basis for the induction of gastric carcinoid tumours in the rat
      by loxtidine, an insurmountable histamine H2-receptor blocking drug.
AB  - The very late occurrence of gastric carcinoids in a life-span carcinogenicity
      study with loxtidine in the rat might have resulted from continuous achlorhydria
      induced by this long-acting unsurmountable histamine H2-antagonist. The nature of
      the anti-secretory activity of loxtidine was compared with that of ranitidine on
      histamine-induced acid secretion in the perfused stomach preparation of the rat
      and in the rat isolated gastric mucosa preparation. Ranitidine and loxtidine had
      qualitatively different inhibitory effects on acid secretion, ranitidine being a
      competitive antagonist of histamine even at high concentrations, whereas the
      effect of loxtidine on both preparations was unsurmountable at relatively low
      concentrations. These results support the hypothesis that the late formation of
      gastric carcinoids in rats receiving loxtidine is a consequence of persistent
      achlorhydria caused by unsurmountable blockade of parietal cell H2-receptors.

PMID- 4041681
TI  - Electrophysiological actions of nicotine on substantia nigra single units.
AB  - Extracellular recordings of single unit activity were made in the substantia
      nigra (SN) of chloral hydrate-anaesthetized rats. Dopaminergic neurones of the
      pars compacta (SNC) were stimulated by (-)-nicotine bitartrate (1.0 mg kg-1)
      given subcutaneously (s.c.). This action was prevented by the secondary amine
      mecamylamine HCl (2.0 mg kg-1 i.v.) but not by a ganglion-blocking dose of the
      bisquaternary compound chlorisondamine Cl (0.1 mg kg-1 i.v.). Mecamylamine
      reduced the spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurones. Nicotine, when
      administered intravenously (2-128 micrograms kg-1 cumulative dose), also
      stimulated dopamine cells and this action was dose-related. Nicotine,
      administered intravenously, (2-128 micrograms kg-1 cumulative dose) markedly
      excited non-dopamine cells in the pars reticulata (SNR) in a dose-related manner.
      In rats pretreated with chlorisondamine (0.1 mg kg-1 i.v.), nicotine induced a
      small excitatory or depressant action, but the marked excitation was not seen.
      Mecamylamine (2 mg kg-1 i.v.) completely prevented the actions of nicotine. The
      results are consistent with a direct excitatory action of nicotine on
      dopaminergic neurones of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The pronounced
      excitatory action of systemically administered nicotine on non-dopamine cells of
      the pars reticulata appears to be of peripheral origin.

PMID- 4041684
TI  - Evidence that oxmetidine inhibits transmembrane-calcium flux in cardiac and
      vascular tissue.
AB  - Oxmetidine, at concentrations in excess of 1 X 10(-6)M, caused concentration
      dependent negative inotropic and chronotropic responses in guinea-pig isolated
      heart preparations. Oxmetidine, at concentrations in excess of 1 X 10(-5)M,
      caused negative inotropic responses in guinea-pig papillary muscle preparations.
      The negative inotropic responses to oxmetidine were associated with shortening of
      the plateau phase of the action potential. Verapamil and nifedipine caused
      similar shortening of the plateau phase of the action potential at equivalent
      negative inotropic concentrations indicating that oxmetidine may also act as a
      calcium antagonist. In preparations partially depolarized by raising
      extracellular K+ concentration, oxmetidine also exhibited negative inotropic
      activity and reduced the calcium-dependent action potential. However, unlike
      verapamil and nifedipine, oxmetidine did not show voltage-dependent activity.
      Oxmetidine, at concentrations in excess of 1 X 10(-5)M, inhibited Ca2+-dependent
      contractions of dog saphenous vein preparations and inhibited 45Ca2+-uptake into
      veins depolarized by high extracellular K+. In vivo, these calcium antagonist
      actions of oxmetidine were demonstrated by vasodilatation, reduction in blood
      pressure, bradycardia and reduced cardiac output in anaesthetized cats.
      Oxmetidine, at concentrations of 1 X 10(-5)M and above, shows properties
      consistent with inhibition of transmembrane Ca2+ flux. This action can be
      distinguished from other calcium antagonists as the effects of oxmetidine are not
      voltage-dependent.

PMID- 4041683
TI  - Enthalpy-entropy relationship in drug-cholinoceptor interaction: a new approach.
AB  - The partial molal volume at infinite dilution, V2, was determined in toluene,
      benzene and acetonitrile for fifteen different drug molecules comprising
      muscarinic agonists, partial agonists and antagonists. The difference in V2
      between a given drug, X, and hyoscine, expressed as (V2x - V2h) was then
      multiplied by the internal pressure of the holding phase (Pi approximately
      cohesive energy density) in order to obtain an estimate of the excess enthalpy
      (delta H) over hyoscine in the interaction of drug molecule X with a common
      cholinoceptor. As a working hypothesis, delta H for hyoscine is taken as zero,
      hyoscine having the lowest V2/affinity ratio of any drug in the series
      investigated. The corresponding change in entropy (delta S) was then calculated
      from the relationship: RT ln Kx = Pi(V2x - V2h) - T delta S, where Kx is the
      affinity constant of drug molecule X to the common cholinoceptor, obtained
      independently. Linear regression of Pi (V2x - V2h) congruent to delta H from the
      data in acetonitrile over delta S gave a satisfactory isoequilibrium plot, r2 =
      0.954, slope (beta) = 231 degrees K. The present approach offers a new course for
      the study of the enthalpy-entropy relationship in the interaction of drug
      molecules in a given series with a common receptor. It could provide an
      alternative to the Van't Hoff procedure for the estimation of relative delta H,
      and is independent of the free energy of binding (delta G).

PMID- 4041685
TI  - Genetic counselling for schizophrenia.
AB  - It is possible that genes contributing to the development of schizophrenia may be
      identified within the next decade. Genetic methods are improving rapidly, and are
      surrounded by great public interest. Requests for genetic counselling are keeping
      pace with this increased attention, but the problems faced by psychiatric genetic
      counsellors are complex, and the experience of offering such counselling and the
      issues involved are rarely discussed. In this context the paper describes a
      year's work counselling for schizophrenia in the Maudsley Hospital Genetic
      Clinic.

PMID- 4041686
TI  - Depression in general practice: case thresholds and diagnosis.
AB  - Using multiple diagnostic and epidemiological criteria, three samples of general
      practice (GP) depressives were studied: those prescribed a new course of
      antidepressants, those given other treatment, and those missed by the GP. The
      majority of patients qualified as psychiatric cases on the PSE Index of
      Definition, the Bedford College Criteria, and the Research Diagnostic Criteria.
      Most satisfied diagnostic criteria for depression, or (fewer) anxiety. The
      disorders were relatively mild and often borderline on all three systems.
      Depressives given other treatment most often failed to meet diagnostic criteria.
      About half the antidepressant treated patients received RDC diagnoses of major
      depression. Among the other treatment sample, only one-fifth met these criteria,
      and half had non-depressive diagnoses. Most cases of depression treated by GPs
      satisfy criteria for psychiatric disorder, but tend to be relatively mild and
      borderline in quality.

PMID- 4041687
TI  - Depression in general practice: clinical features and comparison with out
      patients.
AB  - General practice (GP) depressives prescribed an antidepressant were compared with
      those given other treatment, and with antidepressant-treated psychiatric out
      patient depressives. GP depressives were considerably less severely ill than out
      patients, with fewer depressive symptoms and shorter illness, as well as less
      primary and less endogenous depression. The two groups of GP depressives differed
      less, but those receiving other treatment tended to have less severe depression
      than those receiving antidepressants and were less likely to satisfy diagnostic
      criteria for depression. Depressives in GP differ considerably in clinical
      characteristics from psychiatric out-patient depressives, and clinical features
      influence the GP's decision to treat with antidepressants.

PMID- 4041688
TI  - Family management in the prevention of morbidity of schizophrenia: the adjustment
      of the family unit.
AB  - Changes in the functioning of family members were assessed during a randomly
      controlled study of community management of schizophrenia. Eighteen families who
      completed two years community management based upon behavioural family therapy
      were compared with 18 families who received patient oriented management with
      family support. Families receiving family management reported less disruption of
      activities, reductions in physical and mental health problems, and less
      subjective burden than those receiving the patient oriented approach. It is
      concluded that the benefits of family management extend beyond the reduction in
      clinical and social morbidity of the index patient to beneficial effects for the
      family as a whole.

PMID- 4041689
TI  - The pattern and prevalence of symptoms during the menstrual cycle.
AB  - One hundred volunteers completed a modified version of the Moos Menstrual
      Distress Questionnaire daily for 35 days. The purpose of the study was disguised.
      None of the participants was taking oral contraceptives. Significantly more
      symptoms were reported in the premenstrual and menstrual phases and fewer during
      the follicular phase of the cycle, but the pattern of response varied
      considerably between subjects. Symptom reporting was higher, in all phases of the
      cycle, in women with high trait anxiety or psychiatric morbidity (indexed by the
      General Health Questionnaire) but these measures did not relate to fluctuations
      of symptoms around the menstrual cycle. The need for prospective longitudinal
      studies of menstrual cycle symptomatology is emphasised.

PMID- 4041690
TI  - The role of meals as a reinforcing event in a token economy programme.
AB  - Items such as meals have frequently been used as back-up events in Token Economy
      Programmes (TEPs) because of their supposed reinforcing effectiveness. However,
      despite the dubious ethical questions that this raises, there is little research
      evidence to support the necessity for their use in TEP's with hospitalised
      chronic mentally ill patients. The effects of introducing meals as a 'free' item
      on patients' performance of a number of target behaviours were investigated in a
      TEP where they had previously been scheduled as a back-up event. While 'free'
      meals produced a slight increase in the actual number of meals eaten, there were
      no systematic effects on patients' performance of the target behaviours.

PMID- 4041691
TI  - Home care for chronic mental illness in Bangalore: an experiment in the
      prevention of repeated hospitalization.
AB  - The article describes the outcome of a comparative study of home care, by a
      trained nurse, versus hospital out-patient supervision in the management of
      chronic psychiatric patients in Bangalore, India. Twenty-five patients, with a
      mean duration of illness of nine years, were started on the home care programme
      while a matched control group of 25 similar patients continued the regular out
      patient contact offered by the hospital. Comparative assessments were carried out
      on the groups at the time of intake and again after two years. The results
      indicate that hospital admission was less often needed among the home care group.

PMID- 4041692
TI  - Ageing and affective disorders: the age at first onset of affective disorders in
      Scotland, 1969-1978.
AB  - First admission rates from 1969-78 for Scottish psychiatric units were calculated
      for discharge diagnoses of affective psychosis for each five-year age-group from
      15 years to over 74 years. There were clear-cut linear increases in rates of
      depressive psychoses, mania, and all affective psychoses, consistent with a
      relatively steady increase in the rate of first-onset affective psychoses with
      increasing age. These findings are discussed in terms of social, psychological,
      and biological hypotheses of the causes of affective disorder. It is argued that
      no single factor could produce the observed linear increases with age and that
      the data appear more consistent with an integrative aetiological model of
      affective disorder.

PMID- 4041693
TI  - The bereaved child: variables influencing early psychopathology.
AB  - This is a 13-month follow-up study of 105 two to 17 year-old children bereaved of
      one parent, with 85 controls. Data were gathered on physical and mental health in
      the children and surviving parents, the child's sex and age and the bereaved
      parent's sex and psychopathology being included as risk factors. Dysphoria,
      falling school performance and withdrawn behaviour were significantly increased
      in bereaved children of both sexes at all ages, while temper tantrums, bedwetting
      and the depressive syndrome only increased in the age and sex categories normally
      associated with these conditions. A global index of psychopathology was increased
      compared with controls on most subgroups of bereaved children (P less than
      0.0001), the highest scores for both sexes being associated with having a
      mentally ill (usually depressed) widowed mother. The results are discussed and
      suggestions made for future research.

PMID- 4041694
TI  - Notification of addicts and the medical practitioner: an evaluation of the
      system.

PMID- 4041695
TI  - Lycanthropy lives on.

PMID- 4041696
TI  - 1,250 electroconvulsive treatments without evidence of brain injury.

PMID- 4041698
TI  - Understanding the Italian experience.

PMID- 4041697
TI  - Results of investigations in 150 demented patients consecutively admitted to a
      psychiatric hospital.

PMID- 4041699
TI  - Lorazepam dependence and chronic psychosis.

PMID- 4041700
TI  - Dupuytren's disease and mental handicap.

PMID- 4041701
TI  - Season of birth of schizophrenics in Hong Kong.

PMID- 4041702
TI  - Cognitive science and behaviourism.
AB  - In this paper it is argued that cognitive scientists, claiming the support of
      brain science and computer simulation, have revived a traditional view that
      behaviour is initiated by an internal, autonomous mind. In doing so, they have
      misused the metaphor of storage and retrieval, given neurology a misleading
      assignment, frequently replaced controlled experimental conditions with mere
      descriptions of conditions and the assessment of behaviour with statements of
      expectations and intentions, given feelings and states of mind the status of
      causes of behaviour rather than the products of the causes, and failed to define
      many key terms in dimensions acceptable to science.

PMID- 4041703
TI  - The locus of the Stroop effect: one site masquerading as two?
AB  - Two experiments are reported, which used modifications to the normal Stroop task.
      Both required cued responses, the first being designed to eliminate interference
      at the output stage, and the second being an attempt to rule out interference
      before the output. In both cases interference effects persisted. The results are
      considered to support Seymour's (1977) account of overlapping conceptual codes.

PMID- 4041704
TI  - Orthographic and phonetic coding in developmental dyslexia.
AB  - Memory coding in dyslexic readers and reading-age-matched controls was
      investigated using cued recall. In the first phase of the experiment subjects
      made rhyme judgements about pairs of words. In the second phase one member of
      each pair (the cue) was used to cue recall of the other member of the pair (the
      target). Cues and targets were either rhyming and orthographically similar,
      rhyming and orthographically distinct, orthographically similar and not rhyming,
      or unrelated. Dyslexics were as accurate at detecting rhyme compared to the
      reading-age-matched controls; however, they were slower and were subject to a
      greater orthography effect (Seidenberg & Tanenhaus, 1979). Overall memory
      performance did not differ between the two groups. However, dyslexics were found
      to make more use of an orthographic code with both visual and auditory
      presentation. They made less use of a phonetic code in the visual but not the
      auditory condition. The results support the view that dyslexics have less easy
      access to a phonological code in memory, but they are able to compensate for this
      by increased use of a visual/orthographic code.

PMID- 4041705
TI  - Identity priming in the recognition of familiar faces.
AB  - Morton (1969) proposed that word recognition is mediated by logogens--threshold
      devices whose thresholds would be lowered after 'firing' and only slowly return
      to near their original levels. Extension and revision of the original logogen
      model has occurred in response to results obtained in experiments which examine
      the effect of previous exposure to an item on later recognition thresholds. On
      the basis of results obtained in such identity priming studies, Warren & Morton
      (1982) argued that picture recognition might be mediated by pictogens--threshold
      devices which respond when any picture of an object is seen. Warren & Morton
      found that recognition of a pictured object was facilitated by earlier exposure
      to the same or a different picture of the object, but was not facilitated by
      earlier exposure to the object's name. Recently, several authors have suggested
      that face recognition might be mediated by units somewhat analogous to logogens
      or pictogens. In order to explore this analogy, Warren & Morton's procedure of
      identity priming in picture recognition was adopted to examine identity priming
      in the recognition of famous faces. When the recognition test involved naming a
      celebrity's face, identity priming was obtained from prior exposure to the
      celebrity's name, a different picture or the same picture as that used in the
      test. If the procedure was modified so that subsequent recognition did not
      require retrieval of the name, a pattern consistent with the word and picture
      recognition literature was found. Prior exposure to either a different or the
      same picture produced a priming effect but prior exposure to the celebrity's name
      did not. These results are generally consistent with the hypothesis of face
      recognition units. Differences between face recognition units and pictogens are
      also discussed.

PMID- 4041706
TI  - Delinquent behaviour and attitudes to formal authority.
AB  - A scale was developed to assess attitudes towards formal authority in the school
      and in the public domain (police and law). Data derived from a sample of young
      adolescents (13 years) indicated that attitudes towards authority in these two
      domains were highly rated (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001). Factor analysis yielded
      four interpretable factors--alienation from the institutional system, belief in
      the absolute priority of rules, perception of the bias vs. impartiality of
      authorities, and personal relationship to school life--accounting for 47.6, 13.9,
      9.3 and 8.0 per cent of common variance respectively. Both overall attitude
      scores and factor scores were significantly related to self-reported
      delinquencies. Finally, covariance analysis of the results indicated that the
      attitude variable accounted for a substantial proportion of the sex difference in
      delinquency.

PMID- 4041707
TI  - Predicting our own aggression: person, subculture or situation?
AB  - Using a self-report technique, teenaged subjects (stratified by sex and social
      class) were asked to report their predicted behaviour over 24 conflict scenarios
      involving 12 male and 12 female targets. In terms of degree of aggression
      predicted, there was a strong effect of situation. Towards male targets, lower
      middle-class subjects were more aggressive than upper middle-class subjects and
      males were more aggressive than females. With respect to female targets, the
      social class difference again appeared but there was no simple sex difference.
      The interaction of sex and social class indicated that lower middle-class females
      were most aggressive toward female targets. Cross-situational consistency was low
      even controlling for class and sex, indicating little support for a generalized
      'aggressive personality'. The most powerful single effect was the situation being
      judged. Feature analysis of situations tending to produce fight vs. flight
      responses suggested that flight is associated with perceived high risk encounters
      whereas fighting is the modal response in 'fair fight' situations where the risk
      of injury is lower. It is suggested that impression management concerns operate
      only in these low risk situations.

PMID- 4041708
TI  - The effect of antiseptics on the healing wound: a study using the rabbit ear
      chamber.
AB  - The effects of several antiseptic agents on granulation tissue were studied using
      rabbit ear chambers as models of the healing wound. This enabled us to study
      dynamically the action of these agents on the microcirculation of the wound. All
      the agents tested caused some adverse effect, but in the cases of hypochlorite
      antiseptics Eusol and Chloramine T, blood flow in the capillary circulation of
      the granulation tissue ceased and the process of repair was subsequently delayed.
      A laser Doppler flowmeter was used to measure these changes in local perfusion
      which reflected the toxic effects seen on microscopy of the ear chamber.

PMID- 4041709
TI  - Influence of diabetes mellitus on operative risk.
AB  - In a retrospective study postoperative morbidity was compared between 224
      patients with diabetes mellitus and 224 non-diabetic control patients matched
      with regard to operative procedure (major vascular, abdominal and acute surgery
      for hip fracture), sex, age, complicating cardiovascular disease and weight.
      Forty-six patients in each group had complications, without any trend towards
      specific morbidity in the diabetic group. Incidence of morbidity was similar in
      diabetic patients treated with insulin, oral antidiabetic agents or diet.
      Diabetic patients with complications had significantly (P less than 0.01) lower
      blood glucose pre- and postoperatively than those without complications. The risk
      of overlooking (type II error) a 25 per cent increase in complication rate in the
      diabetic patients was less than 10 per cent and the risk of overlooking a 50 per
      cent increase in morbidity less than 0.5 per cent. These results do not support
      the common belief that diabetes per se may increase surgical risk.

PMID- 4041710
TI  - Pancreatic resection for severe acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Non-operative management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis carries a mortality of
      up to 80 per cent. Over the last 6 years we have pursued an aggressive policy of
      intensive supportive therapy followed by pancreatic resection in those patients
      with this severe form of the disease. We have managed 15 patients in this way, 14
      by subtotal pancreatic resection (usually body and tail of the gland) and one by
      total pancreatectomy; 7 had early overwhelming multi-system failure with a median
      of 4 positive prognostic factors whilst 8 were operated on later between 3 and 8
      weeks (plus one at 32 weeks) and had varying clinical pictures. Eight patients
      had ischaemia of the transverse colon which was noted at operation in four, and
      presented postoperatively in the remainder. Re-operation was necessary in 13
      patients to remove further slough or resect ischaemic bowel. Five patients (33
      per cent) died between 10 days and 4 weeks postoperatively, death being due to
      sepsis and multi-system failure in four and a massive retroperitoneal haemorrhage
      in one. Of the ten survivors, four require insulin. Timely excision of necrotic
      pancreatic tissue combined with intensive supportive therapy may help reduce the
      high mortality in this condition.

PMID- 4041711
TI  - Conservative pancreatectomy.
AB  - By convention, resection of the proximal pancreas includes the distal stomach
      (and duodenum) and resection of the distal pancreas includes the spleen. In 28
      patients the stomach and spleen were preserved to minimize functional disability.
      In 13 patients with proximal pancreatectomy (7 men, median age 39 years) the
      pylorus and first 3 cm of duodenum were preserved. Indications were chronic
      pancreatitis (n = 9) and localized neoplasia (ampulla 2, duodenum 1, insulinoma
      1). One patient died (aged 81 years), and 2 required re-operation for a
      pancreatic abscess or stenosed choledochojejunostomy. The 12 survivors are well
      at a median of 1.25 years (range 0.25-3.25 years). In 15 patients with distal
      pancreatectomy (6 men, median age 44 years) the spleen was preserved. Indications
      were islet cell tumour in 2 and chronic abdominal pain in 13,9 of whom had an
      isolated dorsal pancreas and 6 of whom had histological evidence of chronic
      pancreatitis. Recovery was uneventful apart from 2 patients with a fluid
      collection in the lesser sac, 1 needing percutaneous aspiration. In the absence
      of gross inflammatory adherence, partial pancreatectomy need not entail removal
      of the adjacent stomach or spleen.

PMID- 4041712
TI  - Gastro-oesophageal reflux and oesophagitis before and after vagotomy for duodenal
      ulcer.
AB  - Fifty patients undergoing elective vagotomy for the treatment of chronic duodenal
      ulceration have been investigated pre-operatively and again 3 months
      postoperatively to determine the extent and severity of associated gastro
      oesophageal reflux. Pre-operatively all patients had a normal lower oesophageal
      sphincter pressure but 50 per cent had symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux, 42
      per cent had excessive reflux on 24 h pH monitoring and 30 per cent had
      oesophagitis on endoscopy and/or oesophageal biopsy. Postoperatively, reflux
      symptoms were present in only 12 per cent of patients but pH studies were still
      abnormal in 36 per cent and oesophagitis was observed in 32 per cent. Lower
      oesophageal sphincter pressure was unaffected by vagotomy. Gastro-oesophageal
      reflux is common in pre-operative duodenal ulcer patients and is not
      significantly reduced by vagotomy. Careful pre-operative oesophageal assessment
      is necessary to determine which duodenal ulcer patients require an anti-reflux
      procedure in addition to vagotomy.

PMID- 4041713
TI  - Pyloric reconstruction.
AB  - Fourteen patients with persistent and severe postcibal symptoms following
      vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer had the pylorus reconstructed. A
      dumping provocation test was useful in patient selection and evaluation of
      results. When assessed between 6 months and 3 years after operation, nine
      patients had an excellent or good result and three were improved. Surgical
      technique is relatively simple and the operation should be considered and
      practised more often than it seems to be from documented experience.

PMID- 4041714
TI  - Endoscopic management of upper urinary tract stones.
AB  - Since 1981, 525 renal and ureteric calculi have been removed with percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy (PCN) or transurethral ureteroscopy as the primary modalities of
      therapy. Successful extraction of the stone at the first attempt was achieved in
      92 per cent of cases by PCN and 70 per cent of cases by ureteroscopy, whilst
      further endoscopic surgery improved the overall success rates to 98 per cent and
      to 80 per cent respectively. Complication rates from these procedures have both
      been low as has the morbidity, with most patients leaving hospital within 4 days
      and returning to work within 2 weeks. The successful development of endoscopic
      lithotomy and the use of in situ destruction techniques has meant that we now
      reserve open surgery for difficult multibranched staghorn calculi and ureteric
      stones embedded in the urothelium. With the advent of extracorporeally generated
      shockwave lithotripsy it is likely that even these types of stone will be
      amenable to minimally invasive procedures.

PMID- 4041715
TI  - Use of a ringed intraluminal graft in the operative management of abdominal
      aortic aneurysms.
AB  - The efficacy of a non-sutured technique of anastomosis has been assessed in 20
      patients who had bifurcated grafts inserted for aneurysms of the infrarenal
      aorta. The grafts had rigid Dacron-covered metal rings incorporated at each end
      and the anastomoses were effected by securing these rings within the lumen of the
      vessel with a firmly tied Dacron tape. In order to allow access of the ring to
      the lumen of the aorta it was necessary to employ an intraluminal occlusion
      balloon catheter for proximal control. The patients included in the study formed
      a particularly high risk group. There were 12 emergency and 8 elective
      procedures. The mean duration of the operations was 134 +/- 34 min (+/- s.d.);
      the mean blood loss during surgery was 3498 +/- 2660 ml (+/- s.d.) and the mean
      length of inpatient stay after operation was 16 +/- 13 days (+/- s.d.). There
      were eight postoperative deaths and post-mortem examination, which was allowed in
      six cases, showed satisfactory appearances of the grafts and anastomoses. The
      surviving patients have remained free from complications for up to 18 months
      after operation. A non-sutured technique is possible for most aortic anastomoses
      but is of limited applicability for iliac and more distal anastomoses. With
      further technical refinements an intraluminal graft with a non-sutured aortic
      anastomosis may become a valuable alternative to the conventionally sutured
      prosthesis in the management of ruptured abdominal aneurysms.

PMID- 4041716
TI  - The influence of tumour cell DNA abnormalities on survival in colorectal cancer.
AB  - The cellular DNA content was measured from paraffin-embedded material in 134
      colorectal cancers from patients in whom the outcome was known. Seventy-two (55
      per cent) were found to contain cells with abnormal DNA (DNA aneuploid). The
      presence of such a population of cells was not related to pathological stage or
      histological grade. However, only 14 (19 per cent) patients with DNA aneuploid
      tumours survived 5 years compared with 27 (43 per cent) of patients with diploid
      tumours (chi 2 = 8.0, P = 0.005). Stepwise logistic analysis showed cellular DNA
      content to be an important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, independent of
      pathological stage and histological grade.

PMID- 4041717
TI  - Hypovolaemia and healing in colonic anastomoses.
AB  - Colonic anastomotic leakage is more common following emergency resections than
      after elective operations. Transient hypovolaemia, which is more likely to occur
      during emergency surgery, has been shown to impair collagen metabolism in
      abdominal and skin wounds but its effect on colonic anastomotic healing has not
      been previously examined. Acute intra-operative loss of 10 per cent circulating
      blood volume in rats significantly impaired collagen concentration in both
      ileocolic (P less than 0.02) and colocolic (P less than 0.05) anastomoses
      measured on the third postoperative day. This degree of blood loss did not
      significantly affect early anastomotic strength. Hypovolaemia leads to tissue
      hypoxia, and this in turn may lead to impaired anastomotic healing. Measurement
      of tissue oxygen tension may predict poor healing by identifying inadequate
      intestinal perfusion. Colonic pTO2 measured in rabbits was significantly lower
      than in small bowel (37 +/- 18 mmHg versus 42 +/- 18 mmHg; P less than 0.001),
      and fell significantly in colon following 10 per cent blood loss (P less than
      0.001). We conclude that adequate intra-operative fluid replacement during
      colonic resection and anastomosis is a prerequisite for successful healing.

PMID- 4041718
TI  - Fibro-adenoma of the breast.
AB  - A retrospective study of 134 patients with a clinical diagnosis of fibro-adenoma
      of the breast indicated that histological confirmation of this diagnosis is made
      in only 50 per cent. The majority of the others have a diagnosis of benign
      mammary dysplasia. Eight patients had an unsuspected carcinoma, all but one being
      above the mean age for the fibro-adenoma group. The natural history of fibro
      adenoma is not known precisely. In view of the high sensitivity of fine needle
      aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of malignant disease, we believe that there
      is justification to carry out a prospective study to determine this. In this
      study women with a clinical diagnosis of fibro-adenoma will be carefully observed
      provided they are less than 35 years of age and fine-needle aspiration cytology
      reveals no malignant cells.

PMID- 4041719
TI  - Accuracy of aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of breast disease.
AB  - The accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology has been assessed in 480
      consecutive breast lesions where definitive histology was later available. The
      results in terms of specificity and sensitivity have also been compared to
      mammography and clinical examination. With adequate smears aspiration cytology
      was 100 per cent specific with no false positive diagnosis. This compares with 15
      false positive mammograms and 12 false positive diagnoses on clinical
      examination. Cytology was unsatisfactory in 36 per cent of benign lesions owing
      to poor cellularity of the sample but when considered with mammography and
      examination led to a reduction in biopsies for benign disease. A definitive
      cytological diagnosis of malignant tumours resulted in a reduction in frozen
      sections with a substantial saving of resources and improvement in patient
      counselling. No mastectomy was performed for benign disease.

PMID- 4041721
TI  - Choledochoduodenostomy and the blind loop syndrome.

PMID- 4041720
TI  - Are the lesions of duct ectasia sterile?
AB  - A prospective study was established to determine whether, using suitable
      transport media, bacteria could be isolated from the lesions of mammary duct
      ectasia. The results indicate that both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are
      present in a high proportion of patients with nipple discharge associated with
      this condition and in all patients who develop peri-areolar sepsis (abscess and
      mammillary fistulae) as part of the syndrome. The lesions of duct ectasia are
      therefore not sterile and the possibility exists that bacteria have a role in the
      aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition.

PMID- 4041722
TI  - Peritoneal lavage in severe acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 4041723
TI  - Evolving practice in acute diverticulitis.

PMID- 4041724
TI  - Long-term results after pancreas resection for acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the long-term effects of early pancreatic
      resection for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. During 1973-1978 40 resections were
      performed in our clinic. Eleven patients died initially (28 per cent). None of
      the four further deaths was due to pancreatitis or associated disorders. Twenty
      four patients were re-examined 5-11 years after resection--one patient refused to
      participate. Five had not been able to return to work because of severe
      polyneuropathy; one more had retired because of chronic pancreatitis in the
      pancreatic remnant. Polyneuropathy was found in five further patients. The reason
      for this high incidence of polyneuropathy (42 per cent) remains unknown. Eight
      patients still drank excessive alcohol; three of them had had recurrent
      pancreatitis and dyspepsia, and insulin requiring diabetes. All but 2 (92 per
      cent) had diabetes, 14 needing insulin--half of them at 6 months to 6 years after
      the resection. Moreover, 11 patients (46 per cent) suffered from dyspeptic
      symptoms. The results suggest that because of the high frequency of late
      complications, in addition to the early complications, early resection of
      pancreas should be critically re-evaluated as the treatment for acute necrotizing
      pancreatitis. If resection is used in patients with extreme pancreatic necrosis,
      careful and continuous postoperative follow-up will be needed.

PMID- 4041725
TI  - Changes in colonic motility during the development of chronic large bowel
      obstruction.
AB  - The effect of chronic progressive distal large bowel obstruction on colonic
      motility was studied in six mini-pigs. Motility was detected in vivo during the
      development of obstruction with chronically implanted Ag/AgCl electrodes using an
      impedance technique. When the obstruction was complete the segments of bowel were
      resected and spontaneous contractile activity and response to cholinergic
      stimulation were studied in an organ bath. Any hypermotility resulting from
      obstruction was shortlived and a gradual state of hypomotility supervened
      proximal to the obstruction. Decompression of the bowel did not result in the
      immediate return of motility and the resected bowel was unresponsive to
      carbachol. These results suggest that spontaneous resolution of large bowel
      obstruction is unlikely and that motility disturbances are unlikely to be a cause
      of anastomotic dehiscence.

PMID- 4041726
TI  - Spontaneous bleeding into a parathyroid cyst.

PMID- 4041727
TI  - The role of surgical local excision in the treatment of rectal cancer.
AB  - Selection of patients with ulcerating rectal cancer for treatment by local
      excision has been governed by a policy based on clinical and histological
      criteria; if these criteria are not fulfilled, major resection is recommended.
      This policy was re-examined in three groups of patients treated by local
      excision: Group 1 for cure (27 patients), Group 2 due to unfitness for major
      surgery (13 patients), Group 3 for local tumour control in the presence of
      metastatic disease (6 patients). When the policy was fulfilled, there was a
      cancer-specific death rate of 8.3 per cent in Group 1 (two patients with poorly
      differentiated tumours) and 0 per cent in Group 2. Unavoidable policy breaches
      occurred when patients refused major surgery or were too unfit: in the latter
      elderly group, this did not have the adverse effect expected. It is concluded
      that pre-operative clinical digital assessment and histological grading are a
      satisfactory means of identifying a small group of tumours appropriate for local
      treatment and that the results justify local excision where the policy is
      observed.

PMID- 4041728
TI  - A multivariate analysis of clinical and pathological variables in prognosis after
      resection of large bowel cancer.
AB  - Data on 709 patients who had a resection for colorectal carcinoma at Concord
      Hospital between 1971 and 1980 were studied to determine the independent effects
      on survival of several patient characteristics and pathological variables using
      the Cox regression model. Clinicopathological stage had the strongest
      association. Other variables ranked according to their relative importance
      independent of stage were: histological grade, level of direct spread, the
      presence of venous invasion, age and sex of the patient and the presence of
      obstruction.

PMID- 4041729
TI  - Immediate resection in emergency large bowel surgery: a 7 year audit.
AB  - In a consecutive series of 153 emergency admissions with large bowel disease
      during a 7 year period, 49 per cent were for colonic obstruction, 46 per cent for
      peritonitis and 5 per cent for miscellaneous conditions. Urgent operation was
      performed on 104 (68 per cent) patients. Of those operated upon, 82 (79 per cent)
      had a primary resection with a mortality rate of 12.2 per cent, intraperitoneal
      sepsis rate of 2.4 per cent and wound sepsis rate of 7.3 per cent. The median
      postoperative hospital stay was 21 days. An immediate anastomosis was performed
      in 46 (56 per cent) patients with a mortality rate of 8.7 per cent, anastomotic
      leak rate of 2.2 per cent, and wound sepsis rate of 8.7 per cent. The median
      postoperative hospital stay was 19 days. The mortality in patients presenting
      with large bowel emergencies is related to age and advanced malignant disease.
      Immediate resection is applicable in over 80 per cent of patients requiring
      urgent operation and morbidity can be low and treatment economical. Immediate
      anastomosis after proximal colonic resection is safe and the use of intra
      operative colonic irrigation permits a primary anastomosis in selected patients
      after emergency resection of the distal colon.

PMID- 4041730
TI  - Intra-operative colonic irrigation in the management of left-sided large bowel
      emergencies.
AB  - In a consecutive series of 93 patients who required emergency surgery for distal
      colonic lesions, 61 had primary bowel resection with immediate anastomosis after
      intra-operative antegrade colonic irrigation. The operative mortality was 8 per
      cent, anastomotic leakage rate 7 per cent and superficial wound infection
      occurred in 3 per cent of patients. The mean hospital stay was 13 days. Of the
      remaining 32 patients, 3 did not have a resection and 29 had a primary resection
      and end colostomy without anastomosis: bowel continuity was later restored in 17
      of 28 survivors (61 per cent) but 11 (39 per cent) were left with a permanent
      colostomy. The hospital mortality in this group was 6 per cent, superficial wound
      infection rate 14 per cent and the mean hospital stay 26 days. The results of
      this study suggest that intra-operative colonic irrigation is an effective method
      enabling the surgeon to perform a primary anastomosis with reasonable safety
      after emergency resection of selected distal colonic lesions.

PMID- 4041731
TI  - Retrieval of an unusual foreign body from the second part of the duodenum.

PMID- 4041732
TI  - The results of surgery for epidermoid carcinoma of the anus.
AB  - A series of 89 cases of anal carcinoma presenting over a 20-year period is
      reviewed. The majority were epidermoid carcinomas, 57 arising in the anal canal
      and 13 at the anal margin. The remainder were melanomas and basal cell
      carcinomas, and these were not considered further. The main presenting symptoms
      of epidermoid anal carcinomas were bleeding and pain. Tumours arising in the anal
      canal were commoner in women whilst those at the margin were more frequent in
      men. The majority (51/70) had a clinical diagnosis of malignancy made but in 19
      cases this was not considered initially. The necessity for routine early
      histological diagnosis is stressed. Treatment was mainly surgical, either
      abdominoperineal resection (37 canal, 2 margin) or wide excision (8 canal, 11
      margin). The 5 year survival of patients with anal margin tumours was better than
      those with canal lesions (50 per cent compared with 36 per cent).

PMID- 4041733
TI  - Patterns of flap recurrence following mastectomy.
AB  - Flap recurrence after mastectomy is divisible into three distinct entities: spot
      recurrence, multiple spot recurrence and field change. Spot recurrence and
      multiple spot recurrence are usually controlled by local measures and are not
      associated with any particular characteristics of the primary tumour. The field
      change type of flap recurrence is difficult to control and is associated with
      aggressive primary tumours (grade III, node positive, oestrogen receptor
      negative) and a very poor prognosis. The appearance of field change type of flap
      recurrence is an indication for systemic therapy.

PMID- 4041734
TI  - Sigmoid exclusion: a new technique in the management of radiation-induced
      fistula.
AB  - Colovesical and colovaginal fistulas following irradiation for pelvic malignancy
      represent a formidable surgical problem. Although complex surgical procedures to
      close the fistulas and restore continence have been described, often a
      defunctioning colostomy with an associated urinary conduit is the only feasible
      option. Three patients who have successfully undergone an original procedure
      (sigmoid exclusion) are presented. Sigmoid exclusion restores continence but
      avoids a permanent stoma. The involved sigmoid colon was isolated on its
      mesentery ensuring that the area incorporating the fistulas was not disrupted.
      The ends of the isolated sigmoid colon were closed and bowel continuity then
      restored by a colorectal or colo-anal anastomosis. Following closure of a
      temporary colostomy the patients were continent with no ill effects or sepsis
      from the excluded colon. This procedure has the dual advantage of restoring
      continence yet avoiding both an urinary conduit and a permanent colostomy, and
      represents a useful advance in the surgical management of radiation induced
      colonic fistulas.

PMID- 4041735
TI  - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a 20 year experience.
AB  - The records of 253 children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia admitted to The
      Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, between 1961 and 1980 were
      analysed. The overall mortality of 37 per cent is greater than that reported in
      the preceding 13 years from the same institution, and showed no improvement over
      the 20 years. While there was no significant increase in the number of admissions
      over the study period, the proportion of children who underwent surgery within
      the first 6 h of life steadily increased from 13 per cent in the first five years
      to 39 per cent in the last five years. The mortality of this group (65 per cent)
      did not improve over the study period and this would account for the lack of
      improvement in the overall survival figures. However, analysis of birth weights,
      onset and severity of signs and lung weights indicates that the increasing number
      of early admissions was due to speedier transfer rather than to referral of more
      severely affected children in the later years.

PMID- 4041736
TI  - Maydl's hernia: report of a series of seven cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Seven cases of Maydl's herniae with two patients needing resection of bowel are
      presented. This condition is rare and may be lethal if unrecognized. The hernial
      sac contains two loops of bowel with another loop of bowel being intra-abdominal.
      The intra-abdominal loop of bowel may become strangulated, either alone or in
      combination with bowel in the hernial sac. It is more often seen in men, and
      predominantly on the right side. Maydl's hernia should be suspected in patients
      with large incarcerated herniae and in patients with evidence of intra-abdominal
      strangulation or peritonitis. Postural or manual reduction of the hernia is
      contra-indicated as it may result in non-viable bowel being missed.

PMID- 4041737
TI  - Cholecystohepaticodochal fistula: the value of pre-operative recognition.

PMID- 4041738
TI  - Haematuria after blunt trauma: the role of pyelography.
AB  - This study is a combined prospective and retrospective review of 208 patients
      presenting with haematuria after blunt abdominal trauma. One hundred and twelve
      patients had an urgent intravenous pyelogram (IVP) with cystogram performed,
      while the remaining ninety-six were observed with serial urinalysis without any
      further investigation. Nineteen of the twenty-three patients with a positive IVP
      had gross haematuria and the remaining four had microscopic haematuria. Twenty
      two of the patients with an abnormal IVP had positive abdominal signs, whilst
      only one case (with severe head injury) had no abdominal signs. In the 96 cases
      who were observed without IVP no complications occurred. It is suggested that if
      certain clinical criteria are observed most patients with post-traumatic
      microscopic haematuria can safely be spared an IVP. Indications for emergency IVP
      should include: gross haematuria or microscopic haematuria associated with
      abdominal signs or severe head injury or fracture of pelvis or spine. Had these
      criteria been observed during this study, 130 patients (62 per cent) would have
      avoided the risks and expenses of an IVP, and no significant urological injury
      would have been missed.

PMID- 4041739
TI  - Intramuscular haemangioma of the extremities: is computerized tomography useful?
AB  - Fourteen patients with intramuscular haemangiomas of the extremities were
      included in the study. All had computerized tomography (CT) and thirteen had
      angiography. Twelve of the thirteen were operated upon. CT scan proved to be an
      extremely valuable tool in the pre-operative planning as the extent of the lesion
      could be assessed accurately by this method; in most cases this was not possible
      with angiography.

PMID- 4041740
TI  - Peripheral resistance measurement in the assessment of severe peripheral vascular
      disease.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients undergoing femoropopliteal, fifteen undergoing femorodistal
      reconstruction and seven below knee amputees were subjected to prospective
      measurement of peripheral resistance. Resistance was significantly higher in the
      amputation and femorodistal groups than in the femoropopliteal group (P less than
      0.03 and P less than 0.005 at 76 ml/min). In the femoropopliteal group patients
      with three vessel runoff had a significantly lower resistance than those with two
      or single vessel runoff (P less than 0.01). In the femoropopliteal group
      resistance of patent grafts at four months was significantly less than thrombosed
      grafts (P less than 0.006). Patients with a resistance less than 1200 mPRU had a
      significantly better patency than those in whom the resistance was greater than
      1200 mPRU (P less than 0.05). Taking all the failed grafts there was a
      significant correlation between graft patency and resistance (P less than 0.003).
      Resistance measurement has been shown to correlate with the severity of the
      disease, with runoff defined radiographically and with graft patency. In a
      simplified form it may prove a useful adjunct to other methods of assessment in
      patients with distal disease.

PMID- 4041741
TI  - Internal iliac aneurysm and arteriovenous fistula presenting with pulmonary
      embolism.

PMID- 4041742
TI  - Aorto-enteric fistula caused by an atheromatous plaque penetrating a Dacron
      graft.

PMID- 4041743
TI  - Cystic adventitial disease of the common femoral and popliteal arteries.
AB  - Cystic adventitial arterial disease (CAAD) is usually situated in the popliteal
      artery and is a well recognized cause of intermittent claudication in otherwise
      healthy, young, non-smokers. Three cases of CAAD have recently been encountered,
      involving the popliteal artery in two patients and the common femoral in one. Two
      of these patients were hypertensive smokers in their sixth decades and only one
      was an otherwise healthy non-smoker, but all three had a characteristically rapid
      onset of symptoms. All had angiographic appearances suggestive of CAAD, confirmed
      by ultrasound and CAT scanning in one patient. Two were treated by resection of
      the affected artery and a replacement graft, both with excellent results. One
      popliteal lesion was bypassed with a vein graft which occluded after 3 months.
      CAAD may occur more commonly than generally realized. It can present in patients
      whose condition suggests an atheromatous cause for their symptoms. Since good
      results can be expected from appropriate surgical treatment in most cases, CAAD
      should be considered in the diagnosis of all patients with claudication,
      particularly when the onset has been rapid.

PMID- 4041744
TI  - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with pyeloduodenal fistula.

PMID- 4041745
TI  - Spontaneous oesophageal rupture.

PMID- 4041746
TI  - Risks of biliary surgery in the elderly.

PMID- 4041747
TI  - Circulating levels of fibronectin in surgical patients.

PMID- 4041748
TI  - Frontiers in colorectal disease. St. Mark's Hospital 150th anniversary
      international conference supplement.

PMID- 4041749
TI  - Megacolon in adults.

PMID- 4041750
TI  - Continuing experience with single layer appositional anastomosis in the large
      bowel.
AB  - Results of continuing experience with single layer appositional anastomosis of
      the large bowel during 8 years (1977-84) were extracted from a prospective
      computerized audit of all abdominal operations under one consultant. After 204
      elective operations mortality rate was 1.5 per cent: there were no deaths from
      anastomotic leakage. The total incidence of wound infection (including late
      infections) was 2.0 percent. The median duration of postoperative stay was 9.7
      days and the mode 8 days. Three clinical anastomotic leaks (total incidence 1.5
      per cent) occurred in 140 patients (2.1 per cent) after elective colorectal
      anastomoses. A restorative anastomosis was made in 86 per cent of patients with
      rectal carcinoma 6-12 cm from the anus and in 29 per cent with tumours below 6
      cm. The overall incidence of a permanent stoma for rectosigmoid carcinoma was 19
      per cent. 'Protective colostomy' and anastomotic drains were not used. The safety
      and applicability of single layer anastomosis in the rectum are compared with
      those of stapling.

PMID- 4041752
TI  - Risk factors in childbirth causing damage to the pelvic floor innervation.

PMID- 4041751
TI  - Evacuation proctography in obstructed defaecation and rectal intussusception.
AB  - The symptoms of obstructed defaecation may present as a number of different
      syndromes including descending perineum, solitary rectal ulcer, irritable bowel
      and mucosal or complete rectal prolapse. In order to clarify the pathophysiology
      of obstructed defaecation we carried out dynamic and static radiological
      investigations together with manometric and electrophysiological measurements in
      ten patients with severe, intractable obstructed defaecation. Results were
      compared with a total of 35 control subjects. There were no significant
      differences in sphincter pressures or the recto-anal inhibitory reflex between
      patients and controls. Mean motor unit potential duration was prolonged in
      patients compared with controls (P less than 0.02) in the puborectalis and
      external sphincter indicative of neuropathic changes. X-ray measurements of the
      anorectal angle and perineal descent at rest showed no differences. However,
      obstructed defaecation patients had a greater increase in anorectal angle on
      straining (P less than 0.02) and significantly more descent on straining (P less
      than 0.002). Fast film sequence evacuation proctography showed that the anal
      canal was occluded by anterior rectal wall in four patients and five patients had
      variants of recto-rectal intussusception without overt rectal prolapse, which
      explained the obstructive symptoms. This information should allow the surgeon to
      follow a rational treatment programme based on the anatomical abnormality.

PMID- 4041753
TI  - Results of postanal repair: a retrospective study.

PMID- 4041754
TI  - Sphincter injuries: indications for, and results of sphincter repair.

PMID- 4041755
TI  - Gracilis muscle transposition for anal incontinence: late results.

PMID- 4041756
TI  - Magnitude of risk for cancer in patients with colorectal adenomas.

PMID- 4041757
TI  - Polyp follow-up: how, who for and how often?

PMID- 4041758
TI  - Follow-up after removal of colorectal adenomas and radical surgery for colorectal
      carcinomas.

PMID- 4041759
TI  - The rectum in adenomatous polyposis: the St. Mark's policy.

PMID- 4041760
TI  - Familial polyposis.

PMID- 4041761
TI  - Clinicopathological staging of colorectal cancer: has the time arrived?

PMID- 4041762
TI  - Clinical local staging of rectal cancer.

PMID- 4041763
TI  - Histological criteria for local excision.

PMID- 4041764
TI  - Indications for local excision of rectal cancer.

PMID- 4041765
TI  - Techniques of local surgical excision for rectal carcinoma.

PMID- 4041766
TI  - The feasibility of large scale population screening.

PMID- 4041767
TI  - Ileorectal anastomosis.

PMID- 4041768
TI  - Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir.

PMID- 4041769
TI  - Ileal 'J' pouch-anal anastomosis.

PMID- 4041770
TI  - Dysplasia and cancer in inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 4041771
TI  - Crohn's disease in young people.

PMID- 4041772
TI  - The management of internal fistulae in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4041773
TI  - Anal lesions in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4041774
TI  - Migraine coma. Meningitic migraine with cerebral oedema associated with a new
      form of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia.
AB  - A family with hemiplegic migraine has been documented for a period of over forty
      years. From this study and the literature we conclude that (1) migraine is a
      cause of recurrent coma which may be associated with life-threatening cerebral
      hemisphere oedema; (2) hyperpyrexia with CSF pleocytosis occurs in hemiplegic
      migraine, which may thus simulate viral meningoencephalitis; and (3) cerebral
      angiography is hazardous in hemiplegic migraine and may exacerbate coma and
      cerebral oedema. In the family reported, cerebellar ataxia was present during
      recovery from attacks of hemiplegic migraine and affected patients ultimately
      suffered from persistent ataxia with radiological cerebellar atrophy. This
      syndrome thus constitutes a distinct form of late-onset autosomal dominant
      cerebellar ataxia and also of familial periodic ataxia. The status of 'cerebellar
      migraine' is reviewed.

PMID- 4041776
TI  - Pathophysiology of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia.
AB  - The pathophysiology of reflexes mediated by the fifth and seventh cranial nerves
      has been studied in 16 patients with blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia
      compared with normal age-matched subjects. The EMG activity of the dystonic
      spasms in the periocular and jaw muscles was similar to that described in other
      muscles in patients with generalized torsion dystonia. The latency of the R1 and
      R2 components of the blink reflex and of the corneal reflex was normal. However,
      the amplitude and the duration of the R1 and R2 and the duration of the corneal
      reflex were increased. In some patients the R1 component was also present on the
      side contralateral to the stimulus, while in normal subjects it was present only
      on the ipsilateral side. The excitability cycle of recovery of the R2 component
      of the blink reflex after a prior conditioning shock was enhanced in the
      patients. There were no EEG potentials preceding blepharospasms in the patients,
      although a Bereitschaftspotential was seen beginning some 500 ms prior to
      voluntary blinks in the same individuals. Exteroceptive suppression in the
      contracting masseter and orbicularis oculi muscles was absent in 40 to 50 per
      cent of the patients. The jaw jerk was present in all the patients with normal
      latency. These results indicate that the neuronal arcs of the facial reflexes in
      blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia are normal. However, there is an
      abnormal excitatory drive, perhaps from the basal ganglia, to the facial
      motoneurons and the interneurons which mediate the facial reflexes in the
      brainstem.

PMID- 4041775
TI  - Impairment of olfactory recognition after closed head injury.
AB  - To investigate the effects of closed head injury (CHI) on olfactory
      identification, we administered a test of olfactory naming and forced choice
      recognition to 52 CHI patients who had no evidence of anosmia. The Olfactory
      Identification Test consisted of 'scratch and sniff' labels of familiar
      nonirritant odorants. In comparison with a normal control group (n = 19) of
      similar age, olfactory naming and recognition were impaired in the CHI series,
      particularly in patients with moderate or severe head injury. The presence of a
      haematoma or contusion in the frontal/temporal region was also related to
      impaired olfactory recognition. We suggest that nonmissile head injury can
      produce at least a partial impairment of olfactory recognition despite relatively
      preserved olfactory detection.

PMID- 4041777
TI  - Temporal frequency discrimination in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The temporal contrast sensitivity function and temporal frequency discrimination
      have been studied in normals and in 7 cases of multiple sclerosis or optic
      neuritis. Sinusoidal gratings of two spatial frequencies (0.2 and 2.0 cycles/deg)
      were used. The abnormalities demonstrated in the patients varied between
      individuals but overall a picture has emerged of four principal anomalies. The
      temporal transfer function of the 2 cycles/deg medium spatial frequency grating
      has a band-pass appearance, whereas it is low-pass in normal subjects (5 out of 8
      eyes). The peak of temporal frequency discrimination function (i.e. the temporal
      frequency at which discrimination is most acute) occurs at a lower temporal
      frequency in the patients than in normal subjects particularly at the higher
      spatial frequency (5 out of 8 eyes for a spatial frequency of 2.0 cycles/deg; 2
      out of 8 eyes for a spatial frequency of 0.2 cycles/deg). It was found that
      normal subjects were able to discriminate between the maximum temporal frequency
      used as a standard in the discrimination experiments (16 Hz) and a higher
      temporal frequency. In the patients, however, a cut-off in the discrimination
      function occurred at a temporal frequency well below this (8 out of 8 eyes for a
      spatial frequency of 2.0 cycles/deg; 2 out of 8 eyes for a spatial frequency of
      0.2 cycles/deg). Further to the above result, in a number of patients an attempt
      was made to ascertain how the gratings were perceived in this abnormally
      extensive region of ambiguity in the high temporal frequency range. It was found
      that high temporal frequencies, at a constant contrast level above threshold and
      constant apparent contrast, were perceived either as flickering at a slower rate
      than did an intermediate temporal frequency or even appeared stationary. This
      effect was rare at the lower spatial frequency (1 out of 8 eyes) but was
      demonstrated in 4 out of 8 eyes at the spatial frequency of 2.0 cycles/deg. It
      was not specifically sought in all individuals. These results are discussed in
      the context of an information channelling model of temporal frequency processing
      in the visual system.

PMID- 4041778
TI  - Aphasia and handedness in relation to hemispheric side, age at injury and
      severity of cerebral lesion during childhood.
AB  - The effects of the variables of hemispheric side of lesion, age at injury and
      severity of cerebral damage on language performance and hand dominance were
      investigated in groups of hemiparetic children. Severity of cerebral damage was
      defined by the degree of structural abnormality shown on computed tomography (CT)
      scans. Tests of auditory verbal comprehension and object naming were used as
      indicators of productive and receptive language skills. The responses to a series
      of questions on a handedness inventory provided a rated measure of hand
      dominance. The results indicated that language deficits characterize the
      performance of all patient groups with left cerebral injuries. Impairments are
      more profound, however, in the case of left hemisphere injuries acquired after
      the age of 5 years. In addition, prenatal and early postnatal left cerebral
      lesions consistently result in strong sinistrality. It is concluded that the
      crucial variable underlying the demonstration of language deficits and left hand
      dominance is not severity of lesion but age at injury and hemispheric side of
      lesion.

PMID- 4041779
TI  - Effect of paraventricular nucleus lesions on arterial pressure and heart rate
      after aortic baroreceptor denervation in the rat.
AB  - Two series of experiments were done in male Wistar rats to investigate the
      effects of lesions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) on
      the maintenance and development of the elevated arterial pressure resulting from
      denervation of aortic baroreceptors. In the first series, after control
      recordings of arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR), rats were subjected to
      either bilateral aortic depressor nerve (ADN) transection or sham-ADN
      transection. These animals were later subjected to either bilateral lesions of
      the PVH or sham-PVH lesions. AP (146 +/- 2 mm Hg) and HR (515 +/- 5 bpm) were
      significantly elevated in only the ADN-transected groups. Bilateral lesions of
      the PVH significantly reduced AP (119 +/- 3 mm Hg) and HR (440 +/- 8 bpm) in the
      ADN transected animals compared to ADN-transected sham-PVH-lesioned animals, to
      levels which were not significantly different from pre-ADN-transected levels (AP,
      113 +/- 2 mm Hg; HR, 448 +/- 3 bpm), and from sham-ADN-transected PVH-lesioned
      (AP, 119 +/- 2 mm Hg; HR, 391 +/- 6 bpm) and sham-ADN-transected sham-PVH
      lesioned animals (AP, 116 +/- 2 mm Hg; HR, 436 +/- 4 bpm). In the second series
      of experiments, after control AP and HR recordings rats were first subjected to
      either bilateral lesions of the PVH or sham-PVH lesions, and second to either
      bilateral ADN transection or sham-ADN transection. PVH lesions did not
      significantly alter the AP and HR from control levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4041780
TI  - Simultaneous recordings from pairs of cat somatosensory cortical neurons with
      overlapping peripheral receptive fields.
AB  - Fifty-three cell pairs in the somatosensory cerebral cortex were examined in
      pentobarbital-anesthetized cats for evidence of short latency interactions. Many
      neuronal pairs separated by distances of 150 to 500 micron were observed to have
      temporal dependencies. In a subset of 19 pairs where the surrounding multiunit
      activity could be classified as rapidly adapting or slowly adapting, short
      latency interactions existed only between cell pairs sharing the same multiunit
      background activity. If one member of the pair was in a slowly adapting
      background and the other in a rapidly adapting background, the cells did not
      influence one another. This observation was taken as evidence for parallel and
      separate processing of afferent signals from rapidly and slowly adapting
      cutaneous mechanoreceptors in cat somatosensory cortex.

PMID- 4041781
TI  - Genetic brain polypeptide variants in inbred mice and in mouse strains with high
      and low sensitivity to alcohol.
AB  - Twelve genetically determined brain polypeptide charge variants were identified
      by comparing cerebellar vermis of 7 inbred mouse strains and of mice selectively
      bred from 8 strains closely related to these 7 ancestral strains and one other
      for acute behavioral sensitivity to the sedative effects of ethanol. The
      selectively bred ethanol-sensitive (LS, long sleep) and insensitive (SS, short
      sleep) mice exhibited different allelic variants at 6 of these 12 gene loci
      expressed in the cerebellum. Variant polypeptide A1 (81 kdalton, pI 5.6) was
      shown to be associated with the membrane of synaptosomal mitochondria and to
      exhibit a basic variant in SS mice that is determined by a dominant allele. Other
      variant polypeptides showed codominant inheritance in F1 crosses. However, the
      phenotype of no single one of these brain polypeptides consistently correlated
      with the ethanol behavioral sensitivity of the 7 inbred mouse strains nor of 8
      recombinant inbred (B X D, C57BL X DBA) strains. This finding supports the
      hypothesis that a substantial amount of inbreeding, leading to random fixation of
      alleles independent of selection for ethanol sensitivity, occurred during the
      breeding of the SS and LS mice. The present findings of a lack of a strong
      association between sleep time and a brain polypeptide variant do not preclude
      the existence of a major gene effect contributing to variation in acute
      sensitivity to ethanol but are consistent with reports that multiple loci are
      responsible for the difference in ethanol sensitivity between SS and LS
      mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041782
TI  - Characterization of angiotensin binding in the African green monkey.
AB  - The observation that there are differences in the characteristics and
      distribution of angiotensin receptors in the central nervous system of mammalian
      species led to the analysis of angiotensin binding in a primate model, the
      African Green monkey. Initial studies using [125I]angiotensin II ([125I]AII) as
      the radioligand showed binding in peripheral tissues but little binding in the
      central nervous system. Conversely, binding studies using [125I]AIII as the
      radioligand indicated more central nervous binding with diminished peripheral
      binding. Specific binding of [125I]AIII is evident throughout the brain with high
      binding in the circumventricular organs, striatum, caudate nucleus, olfactory
      bulb and localized areas of the thalamus and cerebral cortex. This binding was
      found to possess many of the properties commonly associated with binding to
      membrane-bound receptors. The specifically bound radioligand extracted from
      incubations of [125I]AIII and central nervous tissue appears to be a product of
      the metabolism of [125I]AIII rather than the peptide itself. Binding of [125I]AII
      does occur in peripheral tissues and to a limited extent in the cerebellum, but
      to a different receptor from that characterized using [125I]AIII. These results
      are similar to those seen in the gerbil and raise questions concerning the
      utilization of the rat as the primary model for studying the biochemistry of the
      brain-angiotensin system in humans.

PMID- 4041783
TI  - Endoneurial oxygen tension and radial topography in nerve edema.
AB  - Endoneurial edema occurs in numerous human and experimental neuropathies. We
      tested the hypothesis that the resultant increase in intercapillary distance
      (ICD) may result in endoneurial hypoxia. Experimental galactose neuropathy (EGN)
      was chosen since in this model, edema is due to the accumulation of galactitol,
      which does not directly damage nerve fibers, so that it was possible to study the
      role of endoneurial edema alone. We measured endoneurial oxygen tensions (PnO2)
      using oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes and related PnO2 radial topography to ICD.
      We also determined local oxygen consumption (VLO2) and critical PnO2(PcritO2).
      EGN and age-matched controls were studied at 4 months. (1) Caudal nerve
      conduction velocity was reduced in EGN. (2) The PnO2 values were reduced in EGN
      and the PnO2 histogram was shifted into the hypoxic range. These changes were
      paralleled by a significant increase in ICD in EGN. (3) The radial topography of
      PnO2 in EGN differed from the relatively uniform distribution in control nerves.
      In EGN the subperineurial PnO2 was significantly lower than the PnO2 at the
      center of the fascicle. These changes were paralleled by a significantly greater
      increase in ICD in the periphery. (4) That the PnO2 reduction in EGN was
      significant is suggested by the marked reduction in VLO2 and the large percentage
      (greater than 75%) of intrafascicular regions that fell below PcritO2 in EGN.

PMID- 4041784
TI  - Amphetamine's effects on terminal excitability of noradrenergic locus coeruleus
      neurons are impulse-dependent at low but not high doses.
AB  - The actions of amphetamine in the locus coeruleus and its terminal fields in the
      frontal cortex were studied using extracellular recording to measure terminal
      excitability, firing rate and the probability of antidromic action potential
      invasion of the somatodendritic region in urethane anesthetized rats. At low dose
      (0.25 mg/kg), amphetamine increased terminal excitability. In comparison,
      subsequent administration of the highest dose (5.0 mg/kg, i.v.) of amphetamine
      tested suppressed neuronal firing and blocked antidromic action potential
      invasion of the somatodendritic region. Despite the absence of impulse traffic,
      high dose amphetamine reversed the effect of low dose amphetamine in the terminal
      field and decreased terminal excitability. The alpha 2 antagonist, yohimbine (0.5
      mg/kg, i.v.), reversed the effects of high dose amphetamine on terminal
      excitability and somatodendritic invasion without reinstating neuronal firing.
      Noradrenergic autoreceptor agonists are known to decrease terminal excitability,
      whereas antagonists are known to increase terminal excitability. Thus, since low
      dose amphetamine produces the same effect on terminal excitability that
      antagonists do, it appears that low dose amphetamine may reduce autoreceptor
      activation by reducing norepinephrine release in frontal cortex as a consequence
      of inhibiting locus coeruleus neuronal firing. In contrast, high dose amphetamine
      acts like autoreceptor agonists do and decreased terminal excitability. Hence
      high dose amphetamine may increase norepinephrine release, even in the absence of
      impulse traffic.

PMID- 4041785
TI  - Brain palmitate incorporation in awake and anesthetized rats.
AB  - Uniformly labeled [14C]palmitate was injected intravenously in awake and
      barbiturate-anesthetized rats, and arterial plasma radioactivity due to
      unesterified [14C]palmitate was determined on plasma samples removed at timed
      intervals up to the time of death. Overall brain radioactivity was determined by
      liquid scintillation spectroscopy, and regional brain radioactivity was
      determined by quantitative autoradiography. The transfer constant, k, for the
      unidirectional uptake of radiotracer palmitate into the brain at 4 h was
      calculated from the brain radioactivity and the integrated plasma radioactivity
      from injection to 4 h. The unidirectional palmitate uptake was calculated as the
      product of k and the plasma concentration of unesterified palmitate. Barbiturate
      anesthesia reduced regional palmitate transfer constants and unidirectional
      palmitate uptakes into different brain regions by 40-60%. Palmitate incorporation
      into the brains of awake rats at 4 h represents uptake into structural brain
      components which contain lipids. The results indicate that pentobarbital
      anesthesia reduces this rate of incorporation by about half.

PMID- 4041786
TI  - Biochemical and immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of motilin in pig
      cerebellum.
AB  - The presence of motilin in rat and porcine cerebellum was investigated by using
      high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with radioimmunoassay or
      immunohistochemistry. The antibodies used for this study were raised against
      synthetic gastrointestinal porcine motilin, which is, so far, the only known
      sequence of this peptide. The results obtained show the presence of a sharp peak
      of motilin-like immunoreactivity after HPLC of porcine cerebellum extracts, with
      an elution time corresponding to that of synthetic porcine motilin. Motilin-like
      immunoreactivity was also detected immunohistochemically in porcine cerebellum.
      However no motilin-like immunoreactivity was detected in rat cerebellum
      biochemically or immunohistochemically. This finding suggests that if a motilin
      like neuropeptide is present in rat cerebellum, its molecular form differs from
      that present in porcine cerebellum.

PMID- 4041787
TI  - Inhibition of the lordosis reflex in rats by intrahypothalamic infusion of neural
      excitatory agents: evidence that the hypothalamus contains separate inhibitory
      and facilitatory elements.
AB  - In attempts to activate lordosis-facilitating neural mechanisms in the
      ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), neural excitatory agents were infused into the
      medial hypothalamus, and the effects of the infusions on the lordosis reflex and
      on the electrical activity of VMH neurons were studied. Surprisingly, bilateral
      intrahypothalamic infusion of glutamate (10 mM, 1.0 microliter/side) into
      behaving, ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats displaying moderate lordotic
      responsiveness did not facilitate lordosis, but instead, resulted in a rapid
      (within a few minutes) and transient (recovery in about 20 min) inhibition of
      lordosis. Further experiments showed that this lordosis-inhibiting effect of
      glutamate was dose-related, and was completely blocked by prior infusion of a
      local anesthetic, procaine. Infusion of KC1 (1.5 or 15%, 1.0 microliter/side)
      also induced a dose-related, rapid and transient inhibition of lordosis, that was
      essentially identical to that induced by glutamate. Kainic acid (0.25
      micrograms/0.5 microliter/side) also caused a rapid inhibition of lordosis, but
      the effect was long-lasting (days). The inhibition of lordosis by these agents
      was dissociated in time course, presence, and/or severity from effects on non
      lordotic behaviors. Electrophysiological studies showed that all three agents
      tested could excite multiunit activity of the VMH, and that the time courses of
      these excitations were closely comparable to those of the inhibition of lordosis
      induced by the respective agents. Altogether, these studies indicated that the
      excitation of certain medial hypothalamic neurons can inhibit the lordosis
      reflex. The implied lordosis-inhibiting neural mechanisms are separate from
      facilitatory mechanism(s), according to differences in latency, duration, and
      procaine-sensitivity of response.

PMID- 4041788
TI  - Binding of [3H]Ro 5-4864 in primary cultures of astrocytes.
AB  - Intact primary cultures of astrocytes display benzodiazepine receptors, which can
      be labeled with [3H]Ro 5-4864. Binding of [3H]Ro 5-4864 is specific, saturable
      and temperature dependent, being maximal at 0 degrees C. Scatchard analyses show
      a single population of high affinity binding sites with a Kd value of 6.7 nM and
      a Bmax value of congruent to 12,000 fmol/mg protein. The binding reaches
      equilibrium at congruent to 100 min, with k+1 of 0.0078 nM-1 X min-1 and is
      rapidly reversible with k-1 of 0.057 min-1. [3H]Ro 5-4864 binding is not
      modulated by GABA. Certain benzodiazepines (flunitrazepam, diazepam, Ro 7-3351)
      and dipyridamole displace this binding with IC50 values in the nanomolar range,
      whereas other benzodiazepines (alprazolam, clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide) as well
      as carbamazepine, phenytoin and phenobarbital have IC50 values in the micromolar
      range. These characteristics resemble those of Ro 5-4864 binding to brain
      membrane preparations reported by other authors and thus indicate that the
      cultured astrocytes are good models of their in vivo counterparts.

PMID- 4041789
TI  - Synchrony between cortical neurons during operant conditioning.
AB  - One hundred twenty five pairs of neurons were recorded simultaneously from
      precentral cortex of Macaca mulatta monkeys during an operant conditioning task.
      At the end of 5-min behavioral periods, a cross-correlation histogram was
      generated to look for relationships between the firing of the two cortical
      neurons. Eighty four (67%) unit pairs showed a significant coincidence of firing
      within 1 ms of each other. This relationship occurred regardless of whether the
      units' firing rate fluctuations were correlated or not. These data imply that in
      the majority of cases, the two units are probably more related than previously
      reported.

PMID- 4041790
TI  - Commissural and ipsilateral internuclear connection of vestibular nuclear complex
      of the cat.
AB  - Commissural and ipsilateral intrinsic connections of the vestibular nuclear
      complex of cats were investigated using retrograde transport of horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP). HRP was microiontophoretically injected into limited areas (0.2
      0.5 mm in diameter) of the respective vestibular nuclei. In the commissural
      connections, major fibers were observed between the bilateral superior vestibular
      nuclei (SVN) and between the bilateral descending vestibular nuclei (DVN); a
      moderate number of fibers was found from the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) to
      the contralateral MVN, SVN and lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and from the DVN
      to the contralateral LVN. Minor commissural connections were detected between the
      bilateral LVN. The ipsilateral internuclear connections of the vestibular nuclear
      complex were: (1) from the LVN, MVN and DVN to the SVN, (2) from the MVN and DVN
      to the LVN and (3) from the MVN to the DVN. Minor ipsilateral intrinsic
      connections were found from the SVN to the MVN.

PMID- 4041791
TI  - Monoamine release from dopamine-depleted rat caudate nucleus reinnervated by
      substantia nigra transplants: an in vivo electrochemical study.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that fetal substantia nigra (SN) transplanted into a
      cavity overlying a dopamine (DA)-denervated caudate nucleus can reverse a number
      of the behavioral abnormalities induced by the denervation. While some
      histochemical and physiological evidence suggests that this reversal is the
      result of a functional DA input from the transplant to the host brain, there is
      little direct evidence for transmitter release from ingrowing graft-derived nerve
      fibers. In the present work in vivo electrochemistry was used to analyse the
      magnitude, time course and spatial distribution of neurotransmitter releases
      evoked by local application of potassium (K+) from DA-depleted, SN transplant
      reinnervated striatum. Animals were injected unilaterally with 6-hydroxydopamine
      (6-OHDA) into the SN and screened by measuring apomorphine-induced rotation. Some
      were then given SN grafts, which were placed in a 'delayed cavity' just dorsal to
      the lesioned striatum. Nafion-coated graphite epoxy capillary (GEC) electrodes
      were employed for the electrochemistry to minimize signals derived from ascorbate
      or acidic DA metabolites. The GEC electrode was fixed to a K+-filled micropipette
      and this assembly was used to map the caudate nucleus of control, 6-OHDA-treated,
      and 6-OHDA-treated, grafted animals. The morphometric relationships between
      striatal recording sites and transplant location were subsequently verified
      histologically. Releases from striatal sites within 1.0 mm of the SN grafts were
      slightly, but not significantly, less than those obtained from control
      caudate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041792
TI  - Morphologic and functional abnormalities that develop in kitten Purkinje neurons
      during maintenance for months after maturation in organotypic cultures.
AB  - The morphologic and functional properties of the Purkinje cells (P-cells) grown
      for 10-11 weeks in organotypic cultures from newborn kitten cerebella were
      studied and compared to cultures which had been grown for 4-5 weeks under the
      same standard conditions. Electrophysiological and morphological data were
      obtained from HRP iontophoretically labeled neurons and were quantified by means
      of computerized techniques. Extracellular recordings of spontaneous activity
      showed that the 10-11-week-old P-cells had a pacemaker-like firing rate whereas
      the P-cells aged 4-5 weeks in vitro displayed a bursting activity. The
      qualitative morphological data evidenced abnormal swellings both on dendritic and
      axonal processes of the 10-11-week-old P-cells which were not present on the 4-5
      week-old P-cells. The quantitative data revealed a significant decrease in the
      overall size of the dendritic network of the 10-11-week-old P-cells mainly due to
      a reduction in the total dendritic length and in the total number of dendritic
      segments, whereas the individual segment lengths remained almost unchanged.
      Dendritic spine counts showed no decrease in the dendritic density of these older
      P-cells. Such data suggest that the changes observed in 10-11-week-old cultured P
      cells may be compared to the age-related changes occurring in vivo and that such
      in vitro models could be useful tools in the study of the pathology of aging.
      However, alternative factors other than senescence are discussed since they may
      account for some degenerative changes observed in the older cultured P-cells.

PMID- 4041793
TI  - Water deprivation increases anterior hypothalamic norepinephrine metabolism in
      the rat.
AB  - Rats were limited to 10 min of access to water per day. After 1 week,
      concentrations and rate of metabolism of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine
      were determined in hypothalamic and limbic areas associated with regulation of
      water homeostasis. Chronic water deprivation caused hypovolemia, hypotension and
      ingestion of a large volume of water when water became available. Norepinephrine
      metabolism was consistently increased in samples containing the anterior
      hypothalamic nucleus, but no other catecholamine in any other brain area was
      significantly affected by the deprivation schedule. We conclude that the anterior
      hypothalamic nucleus is involved in the response to chronic disruption of water
      balance in the rat.

PMID- 4041794
TI  - The organization of neurons in the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus projecting to
      the superior and inferior colliculi in the rat.
AB  - The topographic organization of neurons in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral
      lemniscus (DNLL) which project to the superior and inferior colliculi was studied
      using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the fluorescent double
      labeling methods. Neurons projecting to the superior colliculus (SC) are situated
      in the rostral portion of the DNLL, whereas those to the inferior colliculus (IC)
      are found in the caudal area of this nucleus. These two portions are completely
      separated from each other and no neurons projecting to both the SC and the IC are
      observed. In the dorsolateral part of the rostral portion of the DNLL, neurons
      projecting to the ipsilateral SC are found, whereas neurons projecting to the
      contralateral SC are located in the central to medial part of the nucleus, but no
      neurons sending collateral axons to both sides of the SC were observed. Neurons
      located in the central part of the caudal area of the DNLL project to the
      ipsilateral IC and neurons in the lateral and medial parts project
      contralaterally to the IC. Some of the neurons in the caudal part of the DNLL
      have divergent axonal branching projecting to both sides of the IC. In the
      ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, labeled neurons were observed only when
      the HRP was injected into the ipsilateral IC.

PMID- 4041795
TI  - Longitudinal columnar organization within the dorsal motor nucleus represents
      separate branches of the abdominal vagus.
AB  - To identify the distribution of central preganglionics associated with each
      branch of the subdiaphragmatic vagus, the fluorescent tracer True Blue (TB) was
      administered intraperitoneally to rats with 4 out of 5 branches cauterized, and
      then, after 72 h, the animals were sacrificed for histological analysis. Each
      vagal branch contained the axons of a topographically distinct column of cells
      within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN). The columns representing the
      4 branches with the largest numbers of efferents are organized as paired,
      bilaterally symmetrical, longitudinal distributions on either side of the
      medulla. Each DMN side contains a column occupying the medial two-thirds or more
      of the nucleus and corresponding to one of the gastric branches (left DMN,
      anterior gastric; right DMN, posterior gastric). Also on each side, the lateral
      pole of the DMN consists of a coherent cell column corresponding to one of the
      celiac branches (left DMN, accessory celiac; right DMN, celiac). The fifth
      branch, the hepatic, is represented by a limited number of somata forming a
      diffuse column largely coextensive with that representing the anterior gastric
      branch. At some levels of the DMN, the columns overlap. Labeled cells observed in
      the reticular formation were correlated in number, left-right ratios and response
      to vagotomy with those in the DMN, which suggests that they are displaced cells
      of the nucleus. Distributions of labeled cells in the nucleus ambiguus and the
      retrofacial nucleus were not tightly correlated with those of the DMN. An
      analysis of cell counts obtained for each of the individual branches suggests
      that vagal axons do not generally send collaterals through more than one branch.

PMID- 4041796
TI  - Widespread reductions in cerebral blood flow and metabolism elicited by
      electrical stimulation of the parabrachial nucleus in rat.
AB  - We have studied the effect of electrical stimulation of the parabrachial nucleus
      (PBN) and adjacent areas of dorsal pons on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)
      and glucose utilization (rCGU) in anesthetized (chloralose), paralyzed
      (tubocurarine) rats. rCBF and rCGU were measured in dissected tissue samples of 9
      brain regions by the [14C]iodoantipyrine and [14C]2-deoxyglucose method,
      respectively. Electrical stimulation restricted to the medial parabrachial
      nucleus (PBNm, n = 5) elicited significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in rCBF
      in 7 out of 9 brain regions. Reductions were greatest in cerebral cortex (up to
      35% in occipital cortex) and least in the white matter of the corpus callosum
      (23%). The effect on rCBF persisted after transection of the cervical sympathetic
      trunk (n = 5). In contrast, stimulation of the lateral portion of PBN (n = 5),
      periventricular gray (n = 5) and interestingly, the nucleus locus coeruleus (n =
      5) failed to elicit similar changes in rCBF. PBNm stimulation also elicited
      decreases in rCGU (n = 4) in 5 out of 9 brain areas, most notably regions of
      cerebral cortex. The decreases in rCGU (delta rCGU) were linearly related to the
      decreases in rCBF (delta rCBF) according to the equation delta rCBF = 2.37 delta
      rCGU + 2.1 (r = 0.72; P less than 0.001). We conclude that excitation of neural
      pathways originating in, or passing through, PBNm elicits a widespread reduction
      in cerebral metabolism and secondarily in blood flow (secondary
      vasoconstriction). Since projections of the PBNm do not involve the entire
      cortex, it seems likely that the effect is mediated via inhibition of diffuse
      cortical projections through a subcortical site.

PMID- 4041797
TI  - Time-course and regional distribution of the metabolic effects of bromocriptine
      in the rat brain.
AB  - Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) and motor behavior were examined in
      awake Fischer-344 rats after administration of the dopaminergic agonist
      bromocriptine (BROMO). LCGU was measured using the [14C]2-deoxyglucose technique
      in 63 brain regions at 1,2,3 or 4 h after BROMO 20 mg/kg, and at 4 h after BROMO
      100 mg/kg i.p. At 2 h, LCGU was reduced significantly in 13% of the 63 regions
      examined. The affected regions are related to the topographical distribution of
      dopaminergic innervation in the brain. At 3-4 h, LCGU remained depressed in some
      of the above dopaminergic regions, but was elevated significantly in regions
      which are involved in sensorimotor function. BROMO also produced two behavioral
      effects depending on time after administration. Locomotor activity was depressed
      at 1-2 h, and stereotyped behavior appeared at 3-4 h. The time-dependent effects
      of BROMO may reflect progressively increasing brain concentrations of the drug or
      of its active metabolites. The coincidence of locomotor depression and reduction
      of LCGU in dopaminergic regions suggests a role of dopamine autoreceptors in
      regulation of motor function. Metabolic stimulation of many non-dopaminergic
      regions when stereotypy is evident suggests that circuit(s) involving these areas
      may contribute to stereotypy.

PMID- 4041798
TI  - Locus coeruleus lesions in the rat enhance the antinociceptive potency of
      centrally administered clonidine but not morphine.
AB  - The nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) has been implicated in the descending inhibition
      of spinal nociceptive dorsal horn neurons, spinal nociceptive reflexes and in the
      antinociception produced by morphine. To further explore the involvement of the
      LC in antinociception, bilateral electrolytic lesions in the LC were made in
      adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Lesions in the LC did not alter the
      antinociception produced by morphine (2.5 and 5 micrograms) administered in the
      periaqueductal gray in either the tail-flick (TF) or hot-plate (HP) tests when
      tested 7 and 14 days after the lesions. Baseline nociceptive thresholds in the TF
      and HP tests likewise were not affected at 7 or 14 days post-lesion. In contrast,
      the antinociceptive potency of clonidine administered intrathecally on day 13
      post-lesion was enhanced significantly in the TF test; the antinociceptive ED50
      of the LC lesion group was 0.52 micrograms whereas that of the sham lesion group
      was 2.29 micrograms. The antinociceptive potency of clonidine administered
      systemically (750 and 500 micrograms/kg, s.c.) was also enhanced in the LC lesion
      group in the TF but not the HP test. Norepinephrine (NE) in the lumbar spinal
      cord was correlated negatively and significantly with the extent of destruction
      of the LC. The lumbar spinal content of NE was reduced maximally at 12 days post
      lesion (to 56% of control). The binding of [3H]clonidine in the lumbar spinal
      cord was slightly greater in the LC lesion than sham lesion group; the Bmax
      values were 42.4 fmol/mg protein and 35.5 fmol/mg protein for the LC lesion and
      sham lesion groups, respectively. It is suggested that the LC participates in the
      descending inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission and that this inhibition
      may be mediated in the spinal cord by alpha-2 adrenoceptors located
      postsynaptically with respect to the NE terminals of the spinopetal LC efferents.

PMID- 4041799
TI  - Spontaneous electrical activity induced by herpes virus infection in rat sensory
      neuron cultures.
AB  - Dissociated cultures of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons were infected with a
      syncytial strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. Over 90% of neurons in infected
      cultures were spontaneously active and fired action potentials which, on membrane
      potential hyperpolarization, were replaced by depolarizing events similar to
      excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Amplitude analysis of these events produced
      populations described by the sum of several unitary events with Gaussian rather
      than binomial or Poisson distributions. Such spontaneous activity was blocked by
      tetrodotoxin but not by low calcium high magnesium solutions containing cadmium.
      Simultaneous recording from pairs of spontaneously active neurons revealed
      excitatory connexions between cells. It is suggested that virus-induced fusion of
      nerve cell processes induces electrical coupling between sensory neurons, and
      that the resulting electrical network supports spontaneous activity.

PMID- 4041800
TI  - Discharges of neurons in the midpontine dorsal tegmentum of mesencephalic cat
      during locomotion.
AB  - Discharges of neurons in the midpontine dorsal tegmental field (DTF neurons) were
      recorded and analyzed during locomotion and were compared with those of
      reticulospinal neurons (RS neurons) located lateral to the DTF area. The
      conduction velocity of the descending axon of the DTF neurons was significantly
      smaller than that of the RS neurons. During locomotion, the DTF neurons showed a
      tonic increase in the discharge rate. In contrast, the discharge rate of the RS
      neurons showed cyclic modulation in step with locomotion.

PMID- 4041801
TI  - Demonstration of the synaptic origin of primary afferent depolarisation (PAD) in
      the isolated spinal cord of the hamster.
AB  - Intracellular recordings have been made from 31 primary afferent fibres within
      the dorsal horn of an isolated mammalian spinal cord. In 17 fibres stimulation of
      an adjacent dorsal root evoked primary afferent depolarization (PAD); these
      fibres also showed spontaneous depolarizations. Replacement of the calcium in the
      perfusing medium by manganese blocked both evoked and spontaneous activity
      showing them to be of synaptic origin. Observations on the effects of current
      injection and of bicuculline support an involvement of GABA in the generation of
      PAD.

PMID- 4041802
TI  - Strychnine and L-allylglycine but not bicuculline and picrotoxin induce
      transsynaptic degeneration following transection of the inferior alveolar nerve
      in adult rats.
AB  - The effects of the convulsants strychnine, bicuculline, picrotoxin and L
      allylglycine on the transsynaptic destruction of medullary dorsal horn neurons
      were examined following transection of the inferior alveolar nerve in adult rats.
      Strychnine and L-allylglycine enhanced the transsynaptic effect of nerve
      transection and caused degeneration of many dorsal horn neurons, while
      bicuculline and picrotoxin did not. The removal of glycinergic and GABAergic
      postsynaptic inhibition appears to enhance the transsynaptic destructive activity
      which follows the peripheral nerve transection.

PMID- 4041803
TI  - Further indications for enhancement of retrograde transneuronal transport of WGA
      HRP by synaptic activity.
AB  - Factors affecting the retrograde transneuronal transport of wheat germ agglutinin
      conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), from spinal motoneurones to
      interneurones, have been studied in the cat. To this end, the location of
      transneuronally labelled interneurones was compared in animals which were awake
      or remained anaesthetized after WGA-HRP had been injected into the semitendinosus
      or the medial gastrocnemius nerve. In the anaesthetized animals motor axons of
      the injected nerves were stimulated selectively, to activate only Renshaw cells,
      or together with group I afferents, to activate also laminae V-VI interneurones
      with input from these muscles. The interneurones labelled in this study were
      distributed in different spinal cord regions than the interneurones labelled in
      preparations in which group I afferents of antagonist muscles were stimulated, as
      described in a previous study. The reported observations extend evidence of
      Harrison et al. that the retrograde transneuronal transport of WGA-HRP is
      facilitated by synaptic activity.

PMID- 4041804
TI  - Role of the paraventricular and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclear areas in the
      regulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system.
AB  - The role of the paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMN) hypothalamic nuclei
      in the activation and inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical system was
      studied in chronic experiments on rabbits. The functioning of the pituitary
      adrenocortical system was estimated by changes in blood corticosteroid levels.
      PVN and VMN lesions resulted in a reduction of the stress-induced corticosteroid
      rise. VMN lesions resulted in smaller changes of the stress-induced response than
      PVN lesions while combined VMN and PVN lesions did not cause a larger reduction
      of the stress-induced activation than lesions of either area. The data obtained
      confirm that the PVN and VMN are connected in series. Hydrocortisone (100
      micrograms/kg) administered intravenously 5 min before immobilization inhibits
      the stress-induced corticosteroid rise in intact rabbits. PVN and VMN lesions
      result in a reduction of the hydrocortisone inhibitory effect, PVN lesions having
      a greater effect than VMN ones. The PVN is of greater importance in both the
      activation and the inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical system than the
      VMN.

PMID- 4041805
TI  - Sodium-independent binding of [3H]cocaine in mouse striatum is serotonin related.
AB  - There was a highly significant correlation between IC50 values of various drugs
      in inhibiting the Na+-independent [3H]cocaine binding in the mouse striatum and
      their values in inhibiting the synaptosomal uptake of [3H]serotonin. In contrast,
      there was no correlation between the inhibition of binding in the absence of Na+
      and the inhibition of [3H]dopamine uptake. Lesioning of serotonergic nerve
      terminals with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine reduced the Na+-independent [3H]cocaine
      binding, without affecting the Na+-dependent binding. These results indicate that
      the bulk of the Na+-independent [3H]cocaine binding in the mouse striatum is
      associated with serotonergic nerve terminals.

PMID- 4041806
TI  - Electrophysiological analysis of potential arginine vasopressin projections to
      the ventral septal area of the rat.
AB  - Extracellular electrophysiological studies of neurons in the ventral septal
      region of the rat have examined afferent input from the paraventricular nucleus,
      bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Short latency
      excitatory or inhibitory orthodromic potentials were obtained following
      electrical stimulation of each nucleus, thereby providing evidence for these
      areas as a possible source of arginine vasopressin (AVP) fibers to the ventral
      septal region. These projections may mediate the reported antipyretic action of
      arginine vasopressin in the ventral septal region.

PMID- 4041807
TI  - Time-course of ultrastructural changes in regenerated optic fiber terminals of
      goldfish.
AB  - The ultrastructure of regenerated optic fiber terminals differs from normal
      terminals during the first 12 months following optic nerve crush. The area of the
      regenerated terminals occupied by axoplasm initially increases (1 month
      postcrush, mpc), then declines to a below normal level (8-12 mpc) and eventually
      returns to the normal level (16 mpc). The density of vesicles within the
      regenerated terminals remains initially the same (1 mpc), then increases (4-12
      mpc) and finally returns to normal values by 16 mpc. The multiplicity of
      reestablished retino-tectal synapses gradually increased from an initially lower
      value at 1 mpc to the normal value by 4 mpc whereas the length of their synaptic
      contacts decreased from an initial elongation (1 mpc) to the normal length (4
      mpc).

PMID- 4041808
TI  - Aluminum intoxication: a disorder of neurofilament transport in motor neurons.
AB  - In the rabbit, intrathecal administration of aluminum salts (AlCl3) induces
      accumulation of neurofilaments in nerve cells of the central nervous system. In
      motor neurons, the spatial pattern of neurofilamentous accumulation following
      aluminum intoxication suggests a defect in the axonal transport of neurofilament
      proteins. To test this hypothesis, we examined the distribution of radioactive
      cytoskeletal proteins in sciatic nerves of intoxicated and control animals. In
      the nerves of aluminum-injected animals, there was a 40% reduction in the
      relative amount of radioactive neurofilament proteins compared to tubulin. These
      results suggest that an abnormality in neurofilament transport may be important
      in the pathogenesis of the neurofibrillary pathology induced by aluminum
      intoxication.

PMID- 4041809
TI  - A calculation method for evaluating the time course of GABA removal from a
      synaptic cleft by presynaptic uptake systems.
AB  - A calculation method for evaluating the time course of gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA) removal from a synaptic cleft by presynaptic uptake is suggested. The
      evaluation of the actual time required to remove GABA requires the knowledge of:
      (a) KM's and Vmax's (mol/min/mg protein) of the synaptosomal uptake systems in a
      certain brain area; (b) the synaptosomal volume per mg of protein in the
      synaptosomal preparation used; (c) the mean sphere diameter for synaptic boutons
      in the brain area considered and the proportion of GABAergic nerve terminals.

PMID- 4041810
TI  - Distribution and response characteristics of masseteric nerve-driven neurons in
      two separate cortical projection areas of cats.
AB  - Cortical projection areas and distribution and response characteristics of
      masseteric nerve-driven neurons (MDN) were studied by recording surface-evoked
      potentials and single neuronal activities elicited by stimulation of the
      contralateral masseteric nerve in cats. Neuronal activities of MDNs could be
      recorded in two separate cortical areas. One was located in laminae II-III of
      area 3b of the posterior part of the coronal gyrus (P), and the other in laminae
      IV-V of areas 3a and 6a beta of the anterior parts of the coronal and lateral
      sigmoid gyri (A). The majority of MDNs were driven by low-threshold muscle
      afferents (Group I and II). Peak latencies of MDNs in P were shorter than those
      in A. Intracortical microstimulation (less than 30 microA) in A produced oro
      facial movements while stimulation in P did not produce any motor effects.

PMID- 4041811
TI  - Iron concentration reduced in ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, and substantia
      nigra by GABA-transaminase inhibitor, gamma-vinyl GABA.
AB  - Recent histochemical studies indicate that there is considerable overlap of brain
      areas accumulating iron in oligodendrocytes with those in which GABA neurons
      terminate. The ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and cerebellar
      nuclei are iron-rich areas, receive GABA-containing efferents, and have high
      concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase
      (GAD). The present study examines the effect of disruption of the metabolism of
      GABA on the accumulation of iron in GABAergic projection sites. Gamma-vinyl GABA,
      an enzyme activated inhibitor of GABA-transaminase, was injected unilaterally
      into the globus pallidus and adjacent striatum or into the substantia nigra of
      the rat brain. Additional animals received unilateral injections of saline into
      the same areas or an electrocoagulation lesion of the globus pallidus and
      surrounding striatum. Two days after injection or lesion all animals were
      perfused and 40 micron sections of the brain were processed with the Perls' +
      diaminobenzidine (DAB) histochemical method for iron. The intensity of iron stain
      was measured with densitometry. Gamma-vinyl GABA injection into the
      striatum/pallidum resulted in a significant reduction in iron concentration in
      the ipsilateral ventral pallidum, globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Gamma
      vinyl GABA injected into the substantia nigra reduced iron in the injection site.
      This study provides evidence that the presence of iron in the brain is related to
      the utilization of GABA.

PMID- 4041812
TI  - Distribution and chromatographic characterization of neuromedin B-like
      immunoreactivity in the human spinal cord.
AB  - The quantitative regional distribution of neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity in
      normal postmortem human spinal cord was studied by a specific radioimmunoassay.
      Neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity was found in highest concentration in the
      dorsal part of the sacral cord. Chromatographic analyses by gel permeation and
      reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed two major peaks of
      neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity and the prevalent molecular form, approx. 90%
      of the total immunoreactivity, was chromatographically identical to synthetic
      porcine neuromedin B.

PMID- 4041813
TI  - CNS effects of circulating CCK8: involvement of brainstem neurones responding to
      gastric distension.
AB  - Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8) given i.v. or i.p. produces a variety of
      behavioural and CNS effects; these actions are probably exerted at a peripheral
      site but the neuronal pathways involved are uncertain. We show here that i.v.
      CCK8 acts on neurones in the n. tractus solitarius with an input from the
      stomach; cells are either excited or depressed by CCK8 and gastric distension,
      and responses to the two stimuli are always in the same direction. The responses
      to close arterial injection of CCK8 indicate a site of action within the
      splanchnic bed, and most probably a direct action on the vagal afferents
      mediating gastric mechanoreceptor discharge.

PMID- 4041814
TI  - Amygdala norepinephrine involved in two separate long-term memory retrieval
      processes.
AB  - Noradrenergic manipulation of the rodent amygdala results in time-dependent
      disruption of long-term memory for a one-trial aversive experience. Findings
      using both state-dependent and consolidation experimental procedures suggest that
      the norepinephrine system of the amygdala underlies not only consolidation-like
      mechanisms. There appear to be specific noradrenergic substrates for two or more
      memory retrieval processes which may be physiologically similar to either
      acquisition or later memory development involving aversive information.

PMID- 4041815
TI  - The separation and identification of enolase isozymes of brain and sciatic nerve
      by high-pressure liquid anion-exchange chromatography.
AB  - A rapid technique for separating and quantitating the three enolase isozymes
      present in rodent brain and sciatic nerve was developed using high-pressure
      liquid anion-exchange chromatography. At pH 7.9, one cationic and two anionic
      enzyme forms were separated with baseline resolution in an imidazole buffer
      containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and magnesium. The recovery of
      enolase activity was 90% or greater for brain and 85% for sciatic nerve.
      Chromatography of liver and axon-free (degenerated) sciatic nerve allowed the
      identification of non-neuronal, hybrid, and neuron-specific enolase isozymes.
      These enzyme forms, respectively, constituted 40%, 29% and 19% of total activity
      in brain, and 63%, 13% and 4% of total activity in normal sciatic nerve.

PMID- 4041816
TI  - The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile
      dementia.
AB  - The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is considered to be the endogenous clock of the
      brain, essential for the ovulation cycle and the temporal organization of sleep
      wake patterns, among other things. Immunocytochemical staining with anti
      vasopressin as a marker permitted a morphometric study of this nucleus in the
      human brain, which revealed that the shape of the SCN is sexually dimorphic. The
      shape of the SCN was elongated in women and more spherical in men. In both sexes
      a decrease in SCN volume and cell number was observed in senescence (80-100
      years). The latter change was especially pronounced in patients with senile
      dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). This suggests the presence of a structural
      defect in the SCN which underlies the general disturbance of biological rhythms
      in senescence and SDAT.

PMID- 4041817
TI  - The vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in the human supraoptic and paraventricular
      nucleus; changes with aging and in senile dementia.
AB  - The neuropeptides vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) are supposed to be
      involved not only in peripheral functions (e.g. diuresis, labour and lactation)
      but also in central processes that are frequently disturbed during aging and
      senile dementia (e.g. fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and cognitive functions).
      A concomitant decrease in activity of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system
      (HNS) with aging has been postulated in the literature, but has not yet been
      established. In order to investigate possible age-related changes in the human
      HNS, immunocytochemically identified AVP and OXT neurons in the paraventricular
      and supraoptic nucleus (PVN and SON) were analysed morphometrically in subjects
      from 10 to 93 years of age, including patients with senile dementia of the
      Alzheimer type (SDAT). Cell size was used as a parameter for peptide production.
      Mean profile area of OXT cells did not show any significant changes with
      increasing age. Mean profile area of AVP cells, however, showed an initial
      decrease up to the sixth decade of life, after which a gradual increase was
      observed. Size of AVP and OXT cell nuclei did not change significantly with
      aging. Observations in brains from patients with SDAT were within the range for
      their age group. The present results do not support degeneration or diminished
      function of the HNS in senescence or SDAT, as generally presumed in the
      literature, but suggest an activation of AVP cells after 80 years of age. The
      activation of AVP cells in senescence is in accordance with previous findings in
      the aged Wistar rat.

PMID- 4041818
TI  - Modification of neuronal discharge along the ascending tectofugal pathway during
      visual conditioning.
AB  - Visually conditioned heart-rate change in the pigeon has been developed as
      vertebrate model system for analysis of associative learning. The visual pathways
      transmitting the conditioned stimulus information were identified, and
      neurophysiological analyses during conditioning were then undertaken to determine
      if these pathways behave merely as input lines or undergo training-induced
      modification. After finding that the retinal output is invariant with training,
      we investigated the central visual pathways, beginning with the tectofugal
      pathway. During conditioning single neurons in the nucleus rotundus and
      ectostriatum, the thalamic and telencephalic relays of the tectofugal pathway,
      showed enhancement of their phasic light-evoked responses. In contrast, the
      initial phasic responses attenuated during non-associative training. The rate at
      which these discharge modifications developed paralleled the development of the
      behavioral response. Thus, the tectofugal pathway shows plasticity during
      conditioning and does not behave merely as an input channel for the conditioned
      stimulus.

PMID- 4041819
TI  - Coping and seizure susceptibility: control over shock protects against
      bicuculline-induced seizures.
AB  - Rats were either given 80 escapable shocks, yoked inescapable shocks, restraint
      or given no treatment. Two hours later all subjects received i.p. injection of
      bicuculline (4, 6 or 8 mg/kg) and were immediately tested for latency to initial
      myoclonic jerk and clonus. The latency to clonic convulsion was dramatically
      affected by prior shock treatment, and the direction of this change depended upon
      the escapability/inescapability of the shock. Subjects that were given escapable
      shock showed a delay of onset to seizure, while subjects inescapably shocked
      demonstrated a decreased latency to clonus in comparison to restrained and naive
      controls. It was also demonstrated that if the subjects were tested immediately
      following a stress experience, both the 80 escapable and inescapable shock
      condition protected against bicuculline-induced seizures in comparison to the
      control condition. Finally Experiment 2 confirmed a previous finding that less
      stress, i.e., 20 inescapable shocks, protects against seizures when the animals
      are challenged with bicuculline either immediately or 2 h later. Our suggestion
      is that control over stress may facilitate GABAergic transmission, and this may
      be the mechanism whereby coping protects against the behavioral and physiological
      disruption produced by exposure to a stressor.

PMID- 4041820
TI  - Selectivity between faces in the responses of a population of neurons in the
      cortex in the superior temporal sulcus of the monkey.
AB  - There is a population of neurons in the cortex in the middle and anterior part of
      the superior temporal sulcus (STS) of the monkey with responses which are
      selective for faces. If, consistent with the effects of damage to the temporal
      lobe, these neurons are involved in face recognition or in making appropriate
      social responses to different individuals, then it might be expected that at
      least some of these neurons might respond differently to different faces. To
      investigate whether at least some of these neurons do respond differently to
      different faces, their responses were measured to a standard set of faces,
      presented in random sequence using a video framestore. It was found that a
      considerable proportion of the neurons with face-selective responses tested
      (34/44 or 77%) responded differently to different faces, as shown by analyses of
      variance. An index of the discriminability of the most and least effective face
      stimulus (d') ranged between 0.2 and 5.0 for the different neurons. Although
      these neurons often responded differently to different faces, they did not
      usually respond to only one of the faces in the set, so that information that a
      particular face had been shown was present across an ensemble of neurons, rather
      than in the responses of an individual neuron. These findings indicate that the
      responses of these neurons would be useful in providing information on which
      different behavioral responses made to different faces could be based. These
      neurons could thus be filters, the output of which could be used for recognition
      of different individuals and in emotional responses made to different
      individuals.

PMID- 4041821
TI  - Ventral cochlear nucleus neural discharge characteristics in the absence of outer
      hair cells.
AB  - The role of the cochlear outer hair cell (OHC) in auditory processing remains
      poorly understood. The OHCs possess an independent afferent innervation which
      constitutes 5-10% of cochlear afferent neurons and which appears to project to
      the cochlear nucleus (CN). Whether the OHCs contribute to the processing of
      auditory signals in the CN has not been determined. To address this question,
      kanamycin ototoxicity was used to produce selective OHC loss while leaving the
      inner hair cell (IHC) population largely intact, in the basal portion of the
      cochlea of chinchillas. Single unit responses were then recorded in the ventral
      cochlear nucleus (VCN), and compared to responses in untreated subjects. Many of
      the changes observed in VCN neural responses reflected changes which have
      previously been reported in the VIIIth nerve. However, frequency tuning curve tip
      segments which were normal in both bandwidth and length were observed in
      approximately 22% of the units associated with regions of complete OHC loss and
      preservation of IHCs. This has not been reported in previous OHC lesion studies.
      Also, first spike latency was found to be significantly lengthened for units
      associated with the OHC free regions. Those features of VCN neural responses
      which first arise within the CN, such as non-primary-like post-stimulus-time
      histogram response patterns, were unaffected by OHC loss. These results suggest
      that afferent fibers associated with OHCs do not play a major role in signal
      processing in the VCN.

PMID- 4041822
TI  - Some factors that influence the decrement in the response to GABA during its
      continuous iontophoretic application to hippocampal neurons.
AB  - The response decrement that occurs during continuous iontophoretic application of
      GABA to hippocampal neurons was characterized by intracellular methods in the rat
      hippocampal slice. Using several paradigms that compared the responses to GABA
      with those to poorly transported analogues, we then identified a large component
      of this decrement that appeared to be independent of GABA uptake and metabolism,
      and that is probably independent of intracellular chloride accumulation as well.
      This decrement, which both developed and recovered with half times that average
      between 3 and 5s, is too brief to directly account for long-term plasticity of
      the GABA synapse. However, its time course is appropriate to participation in the
      development of cellular responses to brief flurries of GABA-mediated inhibitory
      postsynaptic potentials that may occur normally, or that may occur abnormally
      during a seizure or artificial tetany.

PMID- 4041823
TI  - The development of the Bergmann fiber palisades in the cerebellum of the normal
      rat and in the weaver mouse.
AB  - The development of the Bergmann fiber palisades in the rat cerebellum was
      investigated by PAP immunocytochemistry using an anti-GFAP antibody. The Bergmann
      fibers are organized in parallel palisades as early as the second postnatal day
      and probably even earlier. This observation suggests that the organization and
      orientation of the palisades precedes the orientation of the parallel fibers in
      the same direction. Some Bergmann fiber palisades were also found in the adult
      homozygous weaver mouse, although it was more difficult to find palisades in
      these mutants than in the heterozygous or normal animals. The results are
      consistent with the hypothesis that during the early stages of cerebellar
      development the Bergmann fiber palisades organize the orientation of the parallel
      fibers in the longitudinal plane of the folium.

PMID- 4041824
TI  - Metabolic labeling associated with index finger stimulation in monkey SI: between
      animal variability.
AB  - Four monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were stimulated with an identical intermittent
      vertical displacement (flutter) stimulus on the tip of the index finger and
      received intravenous [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). The majority of metabolic
      labeling was found to exist in areas 3b and 1 of the anterior parietal cortex
      (SI) in the form of intermittent patches, which extended vertically across the
      cortical laminae. When the patches were traced through adjacent sections and
      reconstructed to produce a 2-dimensional map, it became evident that the patches
      of label combined to form a complex spatial pattern consisting of strips.
      Although the flutter stimulus was applied to a spatially restricted peripheral
      field, the metabolic pattern was always complex and widely distributed within SI.
      Nevertheless, the 2-DG patterns produced in the different animals stimulated with
      the same stimulus were strikingly similar. The relationships between descriptions
      of the SI index finger representation based on neurophysiological mapping data
      and the distribution of 2-DG uptake are described. The reproducibility of the 2
      DG labeling pattern and relationship to neurophysiological maps suggests that the
      2-DG mapping method provides a potent and useful tool for the investigation of
      stimulus representation in the somatosensory cortex.

PMID- 4041825
TI  - Rat C6 glioma cells contain type I as well as type II corticosteroid receptors.
AB  - Rat brain cytosol contains Type I corticosteroid receptors. Unlike Type II
      (glucocorticoid) receptors, Type I receptors have high affinity for the
      endogenous corticosteroids - aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone
      - and much lower affinities for synthetic glucocorticoids. In the present study,
      we report that Type I corticosteroid receptors are present in C6 glioma cells.
      Type I receptors were identified in C6 cell cytosol and whole cells by the
      binding of [3H]aldosterone. The specific glucocorticoid RU 26988 was used to
      block Type II receptors. Measured in whole C6 cells, Type I receptors had a
      density of 2.1 +/- 1.1 fmol/10(6) cells and a dissociation constant (Kd) for
      [3H]aldosterone of 0.41 +/- 0.06 nM. The density of Type I receptors was only 2%
      of the density of Type II corticosteroid receptors (96 +/- 7 fmol/10(6) cells),
      measured in whole C6 cells by [3H]triamcinolone binding. The steroid specificity
      of glial cytosolic Type I receptors (deoxycorticosterone greater than
      corticosterone greater than aldosterone greater than dexamethasone greater than
      triamcinolone much greater than RU 26988) was identical to the steroid
      specificity of Type I receptors in rat brain cytosol. The potency of
      deoxycorticosterone was somewhat reduced when measured in whole cells. The
      steroid specificity of the Type I receptor differed markedly from that of the
      Type II (glucocorticoid) receptor (triamcinolone greater than dexamethasone
      greater than RU 26988 corticosterone greater than deoxycorticosterone greater
      than aldosterone). Since Type I receptors in the kidney mediate effects of
      aldosterone upon renal transport of sodium and potassium, it is proposed that
      glial Type I corticosteroid receptors may be involved in the regulation of glial
      ion transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041826
TI  - The comparative distribution of [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity
      in chicken and rat tissues.
AB  - The presence of [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity was studied by
      radioimmunoassay in chicken and rat tissues. In the chicken, [Lys8-Asn9]
      neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity showed a wide distribution throughout the
      central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, and the immunoreactive
      material co-eluted with the synthetic peptide on reverse-phase high performance
      liquid chromatography. In the rat, [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like
      immunoreactivity was widely distributed when 0.1 M HCl was used as the extraction
      procedure. However, the immunoreactive material did not co-elute with the
      synthetic peptide on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography;
      moreover, the addition of the aspartic proteinase inhibitor pepstatin to the
      extraction medium resulted in a large reduction in the levels of [Lys8-Asn9]
      neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity and no immunoreactive material could be
      detected when the tissues were extracted using acetone/HCl. The present results
      therefore indicate that [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity is not
      present in rat tissues. That which was detected resulted from an extraction
      artefact.

PMID- 4041827
TI  - Structure-activity studies with carboxy- and amino-terminal fragments of
      neurotensin on hypothalamic neurons in vitro.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the structural requirements for the
      activity of neurotensin (NT1-13) on preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (POAH) neurons
      in vitro. Standard explant culture electrophysiological techniques were employed.
      NT was administered to POAH cultures through the superfusion fluid, or, to the
      vicinity of individual neurons by pressure ejection (0.5-10 psi) from
      micropipettes. Computer-generated, peri-event histograms were used to quantitate
      neuronal responses. Pressure ejection of NT1-13 (50 pM to 1 microM) consistently
      produced an excitatory effect on 30 of 42 neurons. The remaining cells were
      either inhibited or unaffected. Application of the C-terminal hexapeptide, NT8
      13, but not the N-terminal octapeptide, NT1-8 (less than or equal to 1 mM),
      produced an excitatory response in 21 of 30 neurons, but was less potent than NT1
      13. Application of an N-acetylated NT8-13 fragment (NTAC8-13) produced a response
      that was similar to that produced by NT8-13. The excitatory effects of NT1-13 and
      NT8-13 were maintained in medium which effectively blocked synaptic transmission
      (0 mM Ca2+/12 mM Mg2+ 1 mM EGTA). These data indicate that the C-terminal
      hexapeptide, but not the N-terminal octapeptide, produces a dose-related,
      excitatory effect on single neurons in the POAH in vitro. The persistence of
      these effects in Ca2+-free medium supports a postsynaptic site of action for
      these peptides.

PMID- 4041828
TI  - Extracellular pH changes in the superfused cat carotid body during hypoxia and
      hypercapnia.
AB  - Extracellular pH changes were measured in the superfused cat carotid body with
      double barreled pH glass microelectrodes, under constant pH (7.45 +/- 0.02),
      temperature (35 degrees C) and flow (3.6 ml/min) of the superfusion medium.
      Changes of pO2 in the medium from about 188 Torr (30% O2) to 35 or 12 Torr (5%
      and 2% respectively) called hypoxia, induced a change of the pH signal of about
      0.1 units indicating acidification of the tissue. Medium pH monitored with a pH
      macroelectrode did not change during hypoxic stimulation. An increase of pCO2 in
      the medium from about 20 Torr (3% CO2, pH 7.45 +/- 0.02) to 70 Torr (12% CO2, pH
      6.98 +/- 0.01) called hypercapnia, under constant pO2 (188 +/- 2 Torr),
      temperature (35 degrees C) and flow (3.6 ml/min) resulted in acidification of the
      tissue of about 0.3 pH units. Extracellular pH changes during hypoxia did not
      occur when the superfusion medium had no glucose; however, pH changes during
      hypercapnia persisted under these conditions. The hypoxic and hypercapnic
      chemosensory response of the sinus nerve were decreased or abolished during
      glucose deprivation in a time-dependent manner. Replacement of glucose with 2
      deoxyglucose in the medium led to a similar pattern, i.e. inhibition of the
      hypoxic and hypercapnic chemosensory nerve response and of the extracellular
      hypoxic pH changes. These results indicate that glycolysis takes place and
      contributes to O2 and CO2-chemoreception in the carotid body.

PMID- 4041829
TI  - Hydrogen ion buffering during complete brain ischemia.
AB  - As a first step to quantify [H+] changes in brain during ischemia we used H+
      selective microelectrodes and enzyme fluorometric techniques to describe the
      relationship between interstitial [H+] ([H+]o) and peak tissue lactate after
      cardiac arrest. We found a step function relationship between [H+]o and tissue
      lactate rather than the linear titration expected in a homogeneous protein
      solution. Within a blood glucose range from 3-7 mM, brain lactate rose from 8-13
      mmol/kg along with a rise in [H+]o of 99 +/- 6 nM(0.44 +/- 0.02 pH). At higher
      blood glucose levels (17-80 mM), brain lactate accumulated to levels of 16-31
      mmol/kg; concurrently [H+]o rose by 608 +/- 16 nM (1.07 +/- 0.02 pH). The
      unchanging level of [H+]o between 8-13 and 16-31 mmol/kg lactate implies that
      [H+]o is at a steady-state, but not equilibrium with respect to [H+] in other
      brain compartments. We propose that ion-transport characteristics of astroglia
      account for the observed relationship of [H+]o to tissue lactate during complete
      ischemia and suggest that brain infarction develops after plasma membranes in
      brain cells can no longer transport ions to regulate [H+].

PMID- 4041830
TI  - Distribution of histaminergic, muscarinic and serotonergic binding sites in cat
      spinal cord with emphasis on the region surrounding the central canal.
AB  - [3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and
      [3H]pyrilamine were used with radiohistochemistry to determine the distribution
      of muscarinic, serotonergic and histaminergic binding sites, respectively, in cat
      spinal cord. Each ligand displayed a unique pattern of binding sites in the
      superficial laminae of the dorsal horn [3H]Pyrilamine binding sites were
      localized most superficially, while [3H]LSD binding sites were densest in the
      region of the laminae II/III border. The distribution of [3H]QNB binding sites
      partially overlapped those of LSD and pyrilamine. In the region surrounding the
      central canal, pyrilamine binding sites were concentrated within a zone 100
      microns lateral to the canal while [3H]QNB and [3H]LSD binding sites were
      localized outside of this zone. The distribution of binding sites in the region
      surrounding the central canal may provide an important neurochemical correlate
      for lamina X in the cat as defined by Rexed.

PMID- 4041831
TI  - Local cerebral glucose utilization in the free moving mouse: a comparison during
      two stages of the activity-rest cycle.
AB  - The 2-deoxy-D[1-14C]glucose ([14C]DG) technique has been applied to the free
      moving mouse for the quantitative determination of local cerebral glucose
      utilization (LCGU). Reproducible values for LCGU were obtained indicating that
      the [14C]DG method had a sufficient resolution power to allow visualization and
      quantification of very small structures provided that glucose and [14C]DG plasma
      concentrations were measured on microsamples, autoradiographs prepared from
      proper tissue sections and suitable techniques used for analysis of the maps thus
      obtained. LCGU was measured in free moving mice during two stages of the light
      dark cycle, one corresponding to a period of rest and the other to a period of
      high motor activity. In the two groups of animals LCGU was heterogeneous in the
      grey matter, the highest values being found in the auditory regions, the
      cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. LCGU was found to be lower in drowsy animals
      during the day than in active animals during the night and the difference was
      significant in the 8 following structures: the sensorimotor cortex, the septal
      nuclei, the nucleus of the olfactory tract, the basal amygdaloid nucleus, the
      ventral nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral geniculate body, the medial
      geniculate body and the auditory cortex. On the contrary, the suprachiasmatic
      nucleus was very active during the day and relatively inactive during the night
      as previously reported in the rat.

PMID- 4041832
TI  - An in vivo model to quantify motor and sensory peripheral nerve regeneration
      using bioresorbable nerve guide tubes.
AB  - An in vivo preparation is presented to study the rate and time course of motor
      and sensory axonal regeneration. The cut ends of a transected sciatic nerve were
      inserted into each end of a 5-6 mm non-toxic and bioresorbable nerve guide tube
      to create a 4 mm nerve gap in adult mice. Subsequently, cell bodies in the
      ventral spinal cord and L3-L5 dorsal root ganglia that had regenerated axons
      across the gap were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The
      HRP was applied 3 mm distal to the nerve guide and was accessible only to axons
      that had regenerated through the nerve guide. Labeled cells were counted in 40
      micron serial sections at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after initial nerve transection. The
      results indicate a significant increase in the number of labeled motor and
      sensory cell bodies over time. By 6 weeks after transection, approximately two
      thirds as many ventral horn motor cells and one third as many dorsal root
      ganglion sensory cells were labeled as in control non-transected animals. These
      data serve as a baseline to compare differential effects of additives to the
      nerve guide lumen in terms of sensory and motor neuron response.

PMID- 4041833
TI  - Brattleboro rats display increased sensitivity to arginine vasopressin-induced
      motor disturbances.
AB  - Motor disturbances observed in Brattleboro rats (homozygous for the diabetes
      insipidus (DI) trait) following a first intracerebroventricular injection of 1.0
      microgram of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were not significantly different from
      those of the parent Long-Evans (LE) strain. These disturbances consisted of
      periods of staring and immobility, locomotor difficulties and discrete myoclonic
      jerks, often followed by scratching behavior. Following a second central
      injection of 10.0 ng AVP, however, the DI strain exhibited more pronounced motor
      disturbances than the LE strain. This increased sensitivity of the DI strain to
      the behavioral actions of AVP does not appear to be due to a generalized decrease
      of seizure threshold, since no significant differences were observed between the
      two strains in their susceptibility to convulse following pentylenetetrazol. As
      the behavioral and motor effects of AVP appear to be receptor-mediated, these
      findings suggest that homozygous DI rats possess central AVP receptors, which, in
      the absence of endogenous vasopressin, may have increased sensitivity to a second
      central injection of AVP.

PMID- 4041834
TI  - Seizures induced by intraventricular microinjection of ionized cobalt in the rat-
      a new experimental model of epilepsy.
AB  - A new animal model for epilepsy was successfully produced by microinjection of
      cobaltous chloride into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the rat. The median
      convulsive dose (CD50) and the median lethal dose (LD50) of CoCl2 was 0.45
      microM/10 microliters (0.27-0.77 microM/10 microliters) and 1.07 microM/10
      microliters (0.73-1.57 microM/10 microliters), respectively. The behavioral
      changes, electrocorticogram (ECoG), and the action of 5 classical anticonvulsants
      were studied using this new model. Seizures induced by cobaltous chloride are
      clinically similar to those produced by systemic administration of kainic acid
      and amygdala kindling. These are characterized by staring spells, wet dog shakes,
      mild convulsive movements, and stereotyped convulsions. ECoG findings
      demonstrated a unique epileptic burst during the wet dog shakes. Generalized
      epileptiform discharges were seen during typical seizures. The burst of spikes
      first occurred in the opposite temporal and frontal regions; and then became
      generalized. Among the 5 anticonvulsants studied, phenobarbital (30 mg/kg) and
      nitrazepam (3 mg/kg) completely antagonized the seizures; carbamazepine showed a
      moderate effect; and phenytoin as well as sodium valproate showed little effect.
      It is postulated that the seizures induced by cobaltous chloride may originate in
      the limbic system; and that cobalt ions are responsible for the seizure-inducing
      action. The mechanism remains to be investigated.

PMID- 4041835
TI  - Organization of diencephalic dopamine neurones projecting to the spinal cord in
      the rat.
AB  - Using the aluminium-formaldehyde method for visualization of catecholamines in
      combination with injections of the fluorescent retrograde tracer True Blue we
      have studied those diencephalic dopamine (DA)-containing cell groups which have
      been proposed to give rise to the DA innervation of the spinal cord and
      investigated the organization of the diencephalospinal DA system in detail. The
      A13 cell group was found to contain 370, and the A11 cell group 140, DA-producing
      cells on each side, whereas only very few such cells were found in the
      paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Tracer injections into the spinal cord
      labelled only DA cells within the A11 group. The overall majority of labelled
      cells were found ipsilaterally but some cells were also found contralaterally
      indicating the existence of a minor crossed dopaminergic projection to the spinal
      cord. Large tracer injections which covered the hemicord at different levels
      generally resulted in very similar distributions and numbers of retrogradely
      labelled DA cells. The labelled DA-containing cells constituted 30-50% of the
      total number of labelled neurones in the ipsilateral A11 area and about 20-40% of
      the total number of DA containing cells in this area were labelled. Small
      injections that did not extend into the nucleus reticularis or the adjacent part
      of the lateral funiculus failed to label any diencephalic DA cells but usually
      labelled some non-DA cells in the A11 area. It is concluded that the
      diencephalospinal DA neurones have long axons that extend over several segments
      and possibly traverse the entire length of the spinal cord, giving off collateral
      branches at various levels. From the anatomical data of the present study and
      previous pharmacological and electrophysiological findings it seems possible that
      diencephalospinal DA neurones could modulate both sympathetic activity and
      nociception.

PMID- 4041836
TI  - Reinstatement of binocular depth perception by amphetamine and visual experience
      after visual cortex ablation.
AB  - In adult cats with bilateral visual cortex ablation the complete deficit in
      binocular depth perception, as measured on a visual cliff, was reversed by 4
      doses of amphetamine. The amphetamine-induced recovery endured after the
      amphetamine treatment was discontinued. This enduring recovery of function was
      not obtained if the animals were housed in the dark during drug intoxication.
      Therefore, both amphetamine intoxication and visual experience are simultaneously
      required for recovery of binocular depth perception after visual cortex ablation.

PMID- 4041837
TI  - Long-term depression of parallel fibre synapses following stimulation of climbing
      fibres.
AB  - The results from several investigations suggest that climbing fibres
      heterosynaptically depress parallel fibre responses in Purkinje cells. In the
      present investigation the mechanism behind the depression has been studied by
      extracellular recording of responses in single Purkinje cells, evoked by
      electrical stimulation of parallel fibres and climbing fibres. The results show
      that a short time of conjunctive stimulation of climbing fibres and parallel
      fibres results in a long-lasting depression of the parallel fibre responses and
      that this depression can be prevented if the Purkinje cells are inhibited during
      the conjunctive stimulation. Since inhibition has been shown to shorten or
      abolish the long-lasting plateau potentials which are evoked by climbing fibre
      impulses this finding supports the assumption that the climbing fibre evoked
      plateau potentials mediate the heterosynaptic depression of parallel fibre
      responses.

PMID- 4041838
TI  - Electrophysiological evidence that circulating angiotensin II sensitive neurons
      in the subfornical organ alter the activity of hypothalamic paraventricular
      neurohypophyseal neurons in the rat.
AB  - Thirteen neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO) were antidromically activated by
      electrical stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the rat. The
      activity of these identified SFO neurons was excited by intravenous injection of
      angiotensin II (AII). Electrical stimulation of the SFO produced orthodromic
      excitation (40%) and inhibition (40%) of the activity of putative vasopressin
      (VP)-secreting PVN neurons. These results suggest that circulating AII sensitive
      SFO neurons with efferent projections to the PVN have both excitatory and
      inhibitory influences on the activity of putative VP-secreting neurons in the
      PVN.

PMID- 4041839
TI  - Effects on the caudate spindle in rats of taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA) microinjected into the substantia nigra: involvement of the dopaminergic
      system.
AB  - Spindle bursts (caudate spindle) were recorded from the frontal cortex in rats.
      The bilateral intranigral microinjection of taurine suppressed the caudate
      spindle, whereas the same dose of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) did not suppress
      the caudate spindle. These results indicate that suppression of the caudate
      spindle induced by taurine may relate to activation of the nigrostriatal
      dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 4041840
TI  - L-ascorbic acid-induced DNA strand breaks and cross links in human neuroblastoma
      cells.
AB  - The effect of high concentrations of L-ascorbic acid on the in vivo and in vitro
      growth of human neuroblastoma has been investigated. Directly implemented into
      cell culture it decreased the DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and mitosis of
      neuroblastoma cells, without affecting normal neuronal cells. In vivo treatment
      of young nude mice bearing human neuroblastoma with 500 mg/kg L-ascorbic acid for
      the first 10 days markedly inhibited the growth of tumor mass. As determined by
      alkaline elution, both DNA strand breaks and DNA cross links were observed in
      tumor cells treated with 1 X 10(-4) M L-ascorbic acid for 2 h. DNA-DNA and DNA
      protein cross links in cells treated with L-ascorbic acid were revealed by the
      proteinase potassium assay. The results indicated that L-ascorbic acid can be a
      very effective and selective agent against human neuroblastoma.

PMID- 4041841
TI  - Presence of unmyelinated axons in the spinal root of the feline accessory nerve.
AB  - The spinal root of the accessory nerve was studied electron microscopically at
      different levels in 3 adult cats. It was found that this nerve contains several
      unmyelinated axons. In the main nerve trunk the proportion of unmyelinated axon
      profiles was 27% at the level of the foramen magnum. In juxtamedullary root
      fascicles near the PNS/CNS transition the proportion of unmyelinated axons was
      lower and these axons tended to occupy superficial positions in the fascicles. No
      intrafascicular unmyelinated axons were found in the immediate vicinity of the
      PNS/CNS transition but bundles of unmyelinated axons occurred in the surrounding
      pia mater. The findings suggest that unmyelinated axons in the spinal accessory
      nerve contribute to the pial vasomotor and/or sensory innervation.

PMID- 4041842
TI  - Cerebral alteration in calmodulin levels associated with the induction of
      physical dependence upon ethanol in rats.
AB  - Calmodulin levels were measured in different areas of brain in rats rendered
      physically dependent and after single doses (6 g/kg) of ethanol. After single
      doses of ethanol no changes in the calmodulin levels were found in the cortex,
      but those in the hippocampus and caudate nuclei were increased while those in the
      cerebellum were reduced. In the dependent intoxicated (prodromal) rats,
      calmodulin levels were elevated in all these regions except the cerebellum. In
      rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal syndrome, the calmodulin levels decreased in
      all regions of the brain except caudate nuclei.

PMID- 4041843
TI  - Peripheral sensory nerve fibers that dichotomize to supply the brachium and the
      pericardium in the rat: a possible morphological explanation for referred cardiac
      pain?
AB  - Two fluorescent dyes, 'True Blue' and 'Diamidino Yellow' were injected,
      respectively, into the pericardial sac and into the medial brachial cutaneous
      nerve or subcutaneously into the medial side of the brachium. Double-labelling
      was observed in ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia neurons of spinal cord segments
      C8, T1 and T2, indicating that dichotomizing afferent fibers supply both the
      pericardium and the brachium. This finding provides a possible morphological
      explanation for referred cardiac pain.

PMID- 4041844
TI  - Dopamine changes the shape of action potentials in hippocampal pyramidal cells.
AB  - Dopamine was found to have two electrophysiological effects on CA1 pyramidal
      cells in rat hippocampal slices. It increased the slow afterhyperpolarisation
      caused by a slow Ca2+-activated K+ conductance and it had an effect on action
      potentials that is postulated to be due to an increase in a fast Ca2+-activated
      K+ conductance. A given CA1 cell showed either one or both of the two responses
      to dopamine, or no response.

PMID- 4041845
TI  - Somatosensory cortex in macaque monkeys: laminar differences in receptive field
      size in areas 3b and 1.
AB  - We have examined receptive field sizes of neurons in granular, supragranular and
      infragranular layers within somatosensory cortical areas 3b and 1 in macaque
      monkeys. Receptive fields of neurons in layer 4 are smaller than receptive fields
      of neurons above or below layer 4. In addition, neurons in area 1 have larger
      receptive fields than neurons in corresponding layers of area 3b.

PMID- 4041846
TI  - Baclofen attenuates hyperpolarizing not depolarizing responses of caudate neurons
      in cat.
AB  - The effects of baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue, were studied
      on the intracellular responses of caudate neurons to cortical and thalamic
      stimulation. Systemic or intracaudate injections of baclofen did not reduce the
      initial excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) to these stimuli; however, it
      did completely block evoked hyperpolarizations. These results suggest that the
      GABA-b receptor (one possible site of baclofen action) is not found on the
      corticostriate synaptic terminals. Furthermore, our results clearly indicate that
      evoked hyperpolarizations recorded in caudate neurons are not the result of
      cortical disfacilitation.

PMID- 4041847
TI  - Neural correlates of female song in tropical duetting birds.
AB  - Duetting involves production of song by female and male birds in close temporal
      coordination. We studied the neural network controlling song in 3 tropical
      duetting species. The volumes of song control regions (SCRs) in the brain,
      neuronal density in nucleus robustus of the archistriatum (RA) which is one of
      these SCRs, total number of neurons in RA, and somal size of neurons in RA were
      measured and compared to values published for zebra finches and canaries in which
      only males sing. The extent of sexual dimorphism in SCR volumes, RA neuronal
      density, and total neuronal number in RA varied in a graded fashion across
      species and was correlated with extent of sexual dimorphism in song repertoire
      size in any one species. Somal size of RA neurons was identical in males and
      females of each duetting species, regardless of relative repertoire size. Of all
      SCRs, the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum appeared to have the
      greatest relative size in the song system of duetting birds compared to non
      duetting species.

PMID- 4041848
TI  - Sites of D-[3H]aspartate accumulation in mouse cerebellar slices.
AB  - Slices of mouse cerebellar vermis, cut in the parasagittal plane, were incubated
      for various times (up to 3 h) in the presence of 1 microM D-[3H]aspartate, a non
      metabolized substrate for the glutamate/aspartate carrier in brain tissue. Light
      microscopic autoradiography indicated that in regions away from the cut edges of
      the slices the amino acid accumulated in glia and granule cells. Relatively few
      grains were seen over Purkinje, Golgi, stellate and basket cells or over white
      matter. Grain counts over the granule cell layers in the middle parts of the
      slices indicated that after short (15 min) exposures to the labelled substrate,
      non-granule cell areas (which included glia) contained, on average, slightly more
      grains than granule cells but with longer exposures (1.5 and 3 h) the relative
      grain density over granule cells became much higher, possibly because glial
      uptake prevents D-[3H]aspartate gaining access to neuronal sites in adequate
      amounts during short incubations and/or because the longer incubations allow time
      for retrograde migration of the label from parallel fibre terminals to occur. The
      demonstration of selective uptake of D-[3H]aspartate into granule cells contrasts
      with previous autoradiographic results (possible reasons for which are discussed)
      and supports the notion that L-glutamate is the transmitter of granule cells. The
      results also have a bearing on the importance of the metabolic compartmentation
      of glutamate in relation to its proposed transmitter role.

PMID- 4041849
TI  - The identification of thalamocortical axon terminals in barrels of mouse Sml
      cortex using immunohistochemistry of anterogradely transported lectin (Phaseolus
      vulgaris-leucoagglutinin).
AB  - The anterograde transport and immunohistochemical demonstration of the lectin,
      Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) has been used to label thalamocortical
      axon terminals in barrels of mouse SmI cortex. The reaction product is visible
      with both the light and electron microscopes so that the distribution of axons
      and the types of synapses they form can be determined.

PMID- 4041850
TI  - Sexual dimorphism of glucocorticoid binding in rat brain.
AB  - Glucocorticoids bind with high affinity to intracellular receptors located in
      high density within discrete regions of the rodent and primate brain. The binding
      of [3H]corticosterone was compared in the brains of male vs female rats. The
      number and affinity of cytosol receptors in the hippocampus and hypothalamus were
      examined in vitro. The cytosolic binding capacity of the hippocampus is greater
      in the female than in the male. This difference in binding capacity is not
      dependent on the presence of gonadal steroids: the effect of gonadectomy was not
      significant for either sex. The difference is not due to transcortin since the
      binding capacity of [3H]dexamethasone is also greater in the female hippocampus.
      Receptor affinity in the female hippocampus is half that of the male value. In
      the hypothalamus, the dimorphism is in the opposite direction: the number of
      [3H]corticosterone cytosolic binding sites was found to be greater in the male.
      The male hypothalamus also showed a greater affinity for [3H]corticosterone than
      did the female. Ovariectomy increased the number of binding sites in the female
      hypothalamus. In vivo nuclear uptake of a tracer dose of [3H]corticosterone was
      determined in animals having intact gonads. The percent of tissue
      [3H]corticosterone present in cell nuclei from 4 brain regions, including the
      hippocampus and hypothalamus, was calculated per unit DNA. The concentrations of
      [3H]corticosterone in nuclei relative to tissue homogenates were higher in
      females than males for the 4 brain regions, but not for the pituitary or liver.
      The data are interpreted as suggesting that glucocorticoid secretion under basal
      conditions and during stress may differentially effect specific brain structures
      in male vs female rats.

PMID- 4041851
TI  - Myotrophic effects on denervation atrophy of hindlimb muscles of mice with
      systemic administration of nerve extract.
AB  - Atrophy was assessed in denervated hindlimb muscles of adult mice which either
      were not otherwise treated or received daily intraperitoneal injections of
      extract of rats' sciatic nerves. After 7 days, the denervated muscles of injected
      animals exhibited significantly smaller decreases in wet weight, total protein
      and cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers relative to innervated contralateral
      control muscles. The effects of denervation and nerve extract on different
      muscles varied.

PMID- 4041852
TI  - Decrease in histamine turnover in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Histamine (HA) turnover rate in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR) was determined by the accumulation of telemethylhistamine after pargyline
      treatment. The values in these SHR were lower than in the Wistar Kyoto rats,
      particularly in the hypothalamus and brainstem. However, chronic treatment with L
      histidine had no effect on the development of hypertension in the SHR. The
      functional significance of the decreased HA turnover in SHR is discussed in
      relation to the pathogenesis of hypertension.

PMID- 4041853
TI  - Banding of rubro-olivary terminations in the principal inferior olivary nucleus
      of the chimpanzee.
AB  - An electrolytic lesion centered just dorsal to, and grazing the superior surface
      of, the rostral red nucleus (RNr) was produced stereotactically in a single
      chimpanzee. Perikarya of the ipsilateral RNr exhibited retrograde cell changes,
      demonstrating interruption of its efferent fibers. The degenerated rubro-olivary
      tract was followed in silver impregnated material to the ipsilateral compact part
      of the pedunculopontine nucleus, pontine reticular formation and inferior olivary
      complex. Within the inferior olivary complex, terminations were banded and
      restricted to the principal subnucleus.

PMID- 4041854
TI  - Norepinephrine stimulates serotonin secretion from rat pineal glands, in vitro.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if serotonin (5-HT) is secreted by the
      pineal gland and also to define the parameters of its secretion. After
      radiolabelling the endogenous 5-HT pool, individual pineal glands were placed
      within perifusion chambers and stimulated with norepinephrine (NE). [3H]5-HT was
      rapidly released within 1 min of stimulation and secretion continued throughout
      the period of exposure to NE. The findings suggest that 5-HT, in addition to
      melatonin, is a hormone of the pineal gland.

PMID- 4041855
TI  - A metabolic profile of the rat caudate microvasculature: a histochemical study.
AB  - Arterioles of the rat caudate nucleus were examined histochemically to determine
      their metabolic profile. These microvessels appear capable of aerobic and
      anaerobic metabolism with a potential for nucleic acid and protein synthesis.
      Little intramural lipid storage occurs and any fatty acids utilized are provided
      via the blood supply. Likewise, glycogen is not seen in the arteriolar wall and
      may be rapidly turned over as a substrate for anaerobic metabolism.

PMID- 4041856
TI  - Carrier-mediated KCl accumulation accompanied by water movements is involved in
      the control of physiological K+ levels by astrocytes.
AB  - Potassium accumulation and water transport into mouse astrocytes in primary
      cultures were investigated when external potassium was increased from 3 to 12 mM.
      The intracellular potassium content increased by 63% within 50 s of such a
      change. The increase consisted of a ouabain- and furosemide-sensitive component,
      both contributing in about the same amounts. Experiments with altered ion
      composition revealed that the furosemide-sensitive component consisted of a KCl
      accumulation. Water moved into the astrocytes without delay after such an
      external K+ increase and increased the cell water by 27%. This water increase was
      abolished in solutions with reduced Cl- and during application of furosemide.
      Thus, these results on a KCl uptake accompanied by water movements into
      astrocytes suggest a potential mechanism by which glial cells in situ can
      regulate external K+ levels.

PMID- 4041857
TI  - Differences in some of the metabolic properties of mitochondria isolated from
      cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb of the rat.
AB  - The metabolic properties of mitochondria from rat cerebral cortex and olfactory
      bulb were investigated. The pyruvate-supported oxygen uptake rates by olfactory
      bulb mitochondria were significantly lower than those by cerebrocortical
      mitochondria. This is consistent with the differences in pyruvate dehydrogenase
      complex activities between these mitochondrial preparations. Pyruvate
      dehydrogenase kinase, NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, and hexokinase
      activities in olfactory bulb mitochondria were significantly lower than those in
      cerebrocortical mitochondria. However, NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, and
      NAD-linked and NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase activities in olfactory bulb
      mitochondria were significantly higher than those in cerebrocortical
      mitochondria. The differences between these two mitochondrial preparations in
      terms of the activities of these energy-metabolizing enzymes reflect the
      differences detected in the homogenates of these regions.

PMID- 4041858
TI  - Pulmonary edema and death induced by sinoaortic denervation in fastigial nucleus
      lesioned rats.
AB  - When adult male rats with lesions of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus were
      subjected to sinoaortic denervation and instrumented for aortic pressure
      recording, their elevated mean arterial pressure was found to rise no higher than
      that of rats with sinoaortic denervation alone; however all of the doubly
      operated rats died or became moribund within 4 days. Pulmonary edema and gastric
      ulcers were frequently seen. When the order of operations was reversed, all
      animals survived. The possible mechanism and involvement of other brain nuclei,
      catecholamines and vasopressin in these pathological changes is discussed.

PMID- 4041859
TI  - Unidirectional interaction between flurothyl seizures and amygdala kindling.
AB  - In this report, the interaction between flurothyl convulsions and electrical
      kindling of the amygdala was investigated. Three flurothyl convulsions decreased
      the afterdischarge threshold of the amygdala and enhanced the rate of development
      of electrical kindling without affecting the intensity of postictal
      refractoriness. On the other hand, 3 generalized kindled convulsions did not
      alter the flurothyl convulsive threshold. The data suggest that the influence of
      generalized convulsions on future seizure susceptibility may depend on the agents
      used to induce the convulsions.

PMID- 4041860
TI  - Protein synthesis requirement for the formation of synaptic elements.
AB  - The formation of synapses in cell cultures of rat cerebellum was examined in the
      presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. First, cell survival
      in the presence of 25 micrograms/ml cycloheximide was determined by phase
      contrast microscopy, trypan blue exclusion, total protein and uptake of [3H]gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA). Neurons with 24 h incubation in cycloheximide appeared
      normal with little cell death, but by 48 h incubation the first signs of cell
      death were found. Some viable neurons were still found in cultures incubated
      continuously in cycloheximide for 72 h. Normally, the number of synapses seen in
      cerebellar cultures with the electron microscope shows an increase during the
      first several weeks in culture. However, the number of synapses in cultures
      treated with cycloheximide decreased, indicating that inhibition of protein
      synthesis at least partially inhibited synaptogenesis. Cycloheximide also
      inhibited the maintenance of synapses already formed as seen by the decrease in
      the number of synapses from the time the cycloheximide was added. To determine
      the sensitivity of the forming presynaptic element to cycloheximide, the
      development of apparent presynaptic elements was investigated. In cultures
      treated with polylysine-coated sepharose beads, neurites grew and formed apparent
      presynaptic elements with the bead taking the position of the postsynaptic
      element. Cultures pretreated with cycloheximide for 1 h followed by 24 h
      incubation with both cycloheximide and coated beads showed a normal number of
      apparent presynaptic elements. The first decrease in numbers was seen after 12 h
      preincubation and 12 h incubation with both cycloheximide and coated beads. Even
      after 72 h continuous incubation some apparent presynaptic elements could be
      formed although at reduced levels. Results presented here suggest that continuous
      protein synthesis is not necessary for the formation of the presynaptic element,
      but that active protein synthesis is required for neurons to form and maintain
      postsynaptic elements.

PMID- 4041861
TI  - Circannual variations of GABA content in cytosolic and crude synaptosomal
      fractions in some brain areas of the European hamster.
AB  - In the European hamster, Cricetus cricetus, a common hibernator, over a year, the
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content has been followed, in the cytosolic and
      crude synaptosomal fractions of the olfactory bulbs, hypothalamus and cerebellum.
      In these 3 areas, the GABA content shows circannual variations of endogenous
      origin: in this period, in both fractions two peaks can be observed, at the
      beginning of spring and in autumn. These circannual variations do not follow the
      circannual variation of food intake or body weight.

PMID- 4041862
TI  - Overshoot of oxygen pressure in post-hypoxic brain tissue: a re-evaluation.
AB  - Tissue oxygen pressure (ptO2) was measured with noble metal microelectrodes in
      hippocampal slices in vitro. During hypoxia, the ptO2 at 100 micron depth fell
      rapidly to less than 20 mm Hg. During reoxygenation, large transient ptO2
      increases above normoxic values were observed. These data demonstrate that ptO2
      'overshoots' occur independently of in situ posthypoxic hyperemia and may reflect
      pathologic chemical reactions in brain tissue during reoxygenation.

PMID- 4041863
TI  - Behavioural responses to electrical stimulation of the nucleus of the tractus
      solitarius of the cat.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)
      significantly reduced both the lever-pressing rate for substantia nigra self
      stimulation and the food-consumption in food-deprived cats. In a shuttle box the
      cats showed no tendency toward shuttling in response to NTS stimulations with
      randomly varied stimulus intensities. In contrast with these effects, stimulation
      to nucleus reticularis paramedianus yielded an aversive effect.

PMID- 4041864
TI  - 1H-NMR spectra of rat synaptic plasma membranes: effect of temperature and
      comparison with fluorescence polarization.
AB  - 1H-NMR spectra of rat synaptic plasma membranes obtained over the temperature
      range of 24-46 degrees C are presented. The data illustrate that a transition
      occurs from a more ordered to less ordered state at approximately 37 degrees C.
      This phenomenon was not related to using D2O as the solvent and was replicated,
      although with less sensitivity, using fluorescence polarization methodology.

PMID- 4041865
TI  - Selective labeling of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B binding sites in bovine brain.
AB  - Drug interactions with serotonin(1A) 5-HT1A and serotonin(1B) (5-HT1B) binding
      sites were analyzed in bovine brain membranes. 5-HT1A binding sites were directly
      labeled with [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) in bovine
      hippocampal membranes. 5-HT1B binding sites were labeled by [3H]5-HT in bovine
      striatal membranes where less than 15% of specific binding sites are sensitive to
      nanomolar concentrations of 8-OH-DPAT. Each of the 12 agents tested was more
      potent at the 5-HT1A than 5-HT1B binding site. 5-HT, bufotenine, N,N
      dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and quipazine were only slightly more potent at the 5
      HT1A binding site. By contrast, 8-OH-DPAT, TVX Q 7821 and buspirone were
      significantly more potent at [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding sites in bovine hippocampus
      than at [3H]5-HT binding sites in bovine striatum. These findings suggest that 5
      HT1A, and 5-HT1B binding sites have distinct pharmacological profiles and can be
      directly labeled with appropriate [3H]ligands in specific brain regions.

PMID- 4041866
TI  - Lack of sexual dimorphism in steroid accumulation in vocal control brain regions
      of duetting song birds.
AB  - Tritiated testosterone was injected into bay wrens (Thryothorus nigricapillus), a
      neotropical species in which the female sings a complex song in intricately timed
      vocal duets with males. Autoradiographic analysis indicated that male and female
      wrens have the same proportion of cells labeled by testosterone or its
      metabolites in two brain regions involved in song: the caudal nucleus of the
      ventral hyperstriatum (HVc) and the magnocellular nucleus of the anterior
      neostriatum (MAN). This contrasts with the zebra finch, a species in which only
      the males sing: a considerably greater proportion of male zebra finch cells in
      HVc and MAN are labeled than in females. This suggests that female birds that
      produce complex vocalizations have evolved neural song control systems that are
      extremely similar to those of males in steroid hormone sensitivity.

PMID- 4041867
TI  - The relationship between cortical electrical activity and regional cerebral
      glucose metabolic rate in rats exposed to 3 atmospheres absolute oxygen.
AB  - The regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRgl) was
      autoradiographically measured in conscious rats during 180-210 min of exposure to
      3 atmospheres absolute oxygen (ATA O2), 3 ATA N2-O2 normoxia and air at 1 ATA.
      The exposure time and oxygen pressure in the present study were purposely matched
      to a parallel project in human subjects. The electrocorticogram (ECoG) was
      continuously recorded throughout the exposure. According to the ECoG responses,
      the oxygen-exposed rats fell into two categories: 'resistant' ones, those without
      changes in ECoG throughout the exposure; and 'sensitive' rats, those with changes
      in EcoG before or during the rCMRgl measurements. The observed ECoG changes were
      increased slow wave activity in the delta range, which was in some cases followed
      by paroxysmal electrical discharges. No changes in rCMRgl were observed in oxygen
      exposed 'resistant' rats as compared to air breathing or N2-O2 normoxic rats at 3
      ATA. However, in the 'sensitive' rats there were increases in rCMRgl in 8 of the
      28 neuroanatomical structures examined as compared to the air breathing and 3 ATA
      normoxic controls. It is concluded that the increase in rCMRgl are related to the
      onset of the oxygen-induced preconvulsive changes in ECoG.

PMID- 4041868
TI  - A reappraisal of rat motor cortex organization by intracortical microstimulation.
AB  - The organization of the motor cortex was reinvestigated with intracortical
      microstimulation, in light-anaesthetized (ketamine) rats. A posterolateral (PL)
      vibrissae area was found in addition to the rostral one, and blinks of the
      contralateral eyelids were elicited from a part of this PL area. Several cortical
      representations such as neck or tail were largely overlapping with neighbouring
      areas. Vegetative effects (mainly myosis and swallowing) were obtained from a
      medial cortical strip. Within the PL vibrissae area, a topical arrangement
      related to the vibrissal rows was observed, whereas in the leg areas, no
      individual representation of muscles could be evidenced. These results are
      compared with the maps previously published, and discussed in terms of
      specificity, musculotopy and overlapping of motor areas.

PMID- 4041869
TI  - Regulatory role of cysteine dioxygenase in cerebral biosynthesis of taurine.
      Analysis using cerebellum from 3-acetylpyridine-treated rat.
AB  - The effect of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) administration on the biosynthesis of
      taurine in the rat brain has been studied. Treatment with 3-AP induced a
      significant decrease in the cerebellar contents of taurine and its metabolic
      precursors, cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA) and cysteic acid (CA), as well as a
      selective degeneration of climbing fibers in the molecular layer of the
      cerebellum. It was found that the activity of cerebral cysteine dioxygenase, the
      enzyme catalyzing the formation of CSA from cysteine, consisted of two systems
      with low and high Km values. The 3-AP-induced attenuation of cysteine dioxygenase
      activity with a low Km value was noted only in the cerebellum, while that with a
      high Km value was detected not only in the cerebellum but also in other brain
      areas such as the medulla oblongata, striatum and cerebral cortex. In contrast,
      no alteration in the activity of cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD) was
      observed in any brain areas examined following the administration of 3-AP.
      Furthermore, it was found that essentially no cystamine as well as a very low
      activity of cysteamine dioxygenase is present in the brain. The present results
      suggest that taurine in the brain is synthesized from cysteine, mainly by the CSA
      and CA pathways, and the observed decline of cerebellar taurine in 3-AP-treated
      rats may be due to an attenuation of the biosynthesis, possibly at the step of
      cysteine dioxygenase. A possible regulatory role of cysteine dioxygenase with a
      low Km value in the biosynthesis of cerebral taurine is also suggested.

PMID- 4041870
TI  - Ascending reticular activating system in the rat: a 2-deoxyglucose study.
AB  - The autoradiographic [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method was used to map ascending
      pathways which are influenced by arousing electrical stimulation of the midbrain
      reticular formation (RET) in alert rats. The major finding was that RET
      stimulation produces selective patterns of metabolic activation and suppression
      in discrete brain regions. The regions activated were limited to specific
      intralaminar, medial and anterior thalamic nuclei, and to the entire auditory
      system. Conversely, a large suppression of 2-DG uptake was observed in most of
      the cerebral cortex, limbic and extrapyramidal structures, whereas at the same
      time some brain regions were left unaffected. Striking similarities were found
      between the functional pathways affected differentially by RET stimulation and
      well-defined cholinergic pathways which originate in the midbrain tegmentum.
      Structures which showed metabolic activation are part of the dorsal cholinergic
      pathway, whereas the regions suppressed are part of the ventral cholinergic
      pathway and its higher-order projections. The results support the conclusion that
      cholinergic pathways represent the thalamic and extrathalamic divisions of the
      reticular activating system. Our observations provide the first anatomical
      demonstration that RET stimulation has widespread and differential effects on
      cerebral metabolism. They also support the concept that arousing electrocortical
      desynchronization involves reticular activation of thalamocortical neurons, which
      in turn have widespread suppressive influences on cortical metabolism.

PMID- 4041871
TI  - Effect of chronic lithium on cholinergically mediated responses and [3H]QNB
      binding in rat brain.
AB  - Lithium (Li) has been previously reported to increase acetylcholine turnover and
      release in rat brain and to potentiate the neurotoxicity of cholinergic agents.
      We studied the effect of chronic Li administration, alone and in combination with
      the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, on two cholinergically-mediated responses
      and on muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MCR) binding in rat brain. Administered
      separately, Li and scopolamine enhanced the cataleptic and hypothermic responses
      to pilocarpine; combined administration resulted in an additive effect on both
      these measures. [3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding was increased by Li
      in the corpus striatum but not in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus.
      Scopolamine increased [3H]QNB binding in the striatum, cortex and hippocampus; Li
      and scopolamine effects on striatal MCR were not additive. Contrary to a previous
      report, antagonist-induced MCR supersensitivity was not prevented by concurrent
      Li administration in any of the brain areas studied. The additive effect of Li
      and scopolamine on pilocarpine-induced catalepsy and a trend in this direction
      for pilocarpine-induced hypothermia suggest that the actions of the two agents to
      enhance cholinergically mediated responses may be achieved by different
      mechanisms. Supersensitive responses following scopolamine may be attributed to
      antagonist-induced up-regulation of postsynaptic muscarinic receptors as
      demonstrated in the binding studies. The effects of Li to enhance cholinergically
      mediated catalepsy and hypothermia are interpreted as extending previous reports
      that Li stimulates brain cholinergic function by a presynaptic increase in
      acetylcholine turnover and release.

PMID- 4041872
TI  - ATP-dependent [3H]Met-enkephalin uptake by bovine adrenal chromaffin granule
      membrane.
AB  - Uptake of [3H]Met-enkephalin by purified chromaffin granule membrane isolated
      from bovine adrenal medulla was investigated. Addition of a single divalent
      cation, such as Mg2+ or Ca2+, did not affect the uptake. The presence of 3 mM ATP
      in the incubation medium stimulated the uptake to two times that of the control.
      The same stimulation effect was also found in the presence of ATP plus a single
      divalent cation. The ATP-dependent uptake reached its half-maximal level within 5
      min after initiation of the reaction at 25 degrees C, and reached a plateau
      within 10 min. The apparent Km for [3H]Met-enkephalin uptake by the chromaffin
      granule membrane was about 2.3 X 10(-6) M. GTP, CTP, UTP and ADP did not
      stimulate enkephalin uptake. Several calcium inhibitors such as trifluoperazine,
      verapamil and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octylester (TMB-8)
      markedly inhibited enkephalin uptake. The inhibition exceeded 80%, although these
      chemicals inhibited Ca2+-ATPase activity in chromaffin granule membrane only 30%
      under the same conditions. Ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)N,N'
      tetraacetic acid (EGTA), at 3 mM also inhibited uptake about 30%. The results
      indicate that uptake of Met-enkephalin by chromaffin granule membrane ghosts was
      driven not only by ATPase activity, but also by some other Ca2+-ATP-mediated
      mechanism(s).

PMID- 4041873
TI  - Localization of the spinal accessory motoneurons in the cervical cord in
      connection with the phrenic nucleus: an HRP study in cats.
AB  - The localization of the spinal accessory motoneurons (SAMNs) that innervate the
      accessory respiratory muscles, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius (TP)
      muscles, was identified in the cat using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method.
      In the cases of HRP bathing of the transected spinal accessory nerve (SAN), HRP
      labeled motoneurons were observed ipsilaterally from the C1 to the rostral C6
      segments of the spinal cord. Labeled neurons were located principally in the
      medial and central regions of the dorsomedial cell column of the ventral horn in
      the C1 segment, in the lateral region of the ventrolateral cell column in the C2
      C4 segments, between the ventrolateral and ventromedial cell columns in the C5
      segment and in the lateral region of the ventromedial cell column in the C6
      segment. In the cases of HRP injection into either SCM or TP muscles, labeled SCM
      motoneurons were found in the C1-C3 segments of the spinal cord and labeled TP
      motoneurons were chiefly localized more caudally within the spinal accessory
      nucleus. The present study revealed that, in the C5 and C6 segments, the SAMNs
      have a very similar topographic localization to the phrenic nucleus in the
      ventral horn. This finding implicated the functional linkage of the SAMNs with
      the phrenic motoneurons in particular types of respiration.

PMID- 4041874
TI  - Neuronal damage in the rat retina after chronic stress.
AB  - Long-term exposure to escapable foot shock has been used to determine if chronic
      stress influences neuronal cell death in the retina of albino and pigmented rats.
      Histopathologic and morphometric approaches analyzed changes in photoreceptors
      and neurons of the bipolar and ganglion cell layers of the retina. Albino Fischer
      rats when exposed to chronic stress for 4-8 h daily for 1 week to 6 months,
      developed severe retinal damage, as compared to unstressed control retinas, with
      reduction in photoreceptor and bipolar neurons, particularly in the superior
      central retina. The damage was observed in male and female rats, but males
      appeared to be more susceptible to the influence of stress than female animals.
      Ganglion cells were unaffected. Photoreceptor destruction did not occur in Long
      Evans pigmented rats under identical experimental conditions. The results suggest
      that: input of the sensory stimulus, light, to the retina of stressed rats
      augmented neuronal damage and might be required for its initiation; and hormones
      and/or neurotransmitters associated with long-term chronic stress might be
      related to increased neuronal cell death in the mammalian retina.

PMID- 4041875
TI  - Locus coeruleus unit activity in freely moving cats is increased following
      systemic morphine administration.
AB  - Contrary to previous reports of morphine's depression of locus coeruleus (LC)
      unit activity in anesthetized animals, acute administration of morphine (0.5, 2.0
      or 4.0 mg/kg, i.p.) did not decrease the unit activity of noradrenergic neurons
      in the area of the LC of freely moving cats. In fact at the higher doses examined
      (2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg) morphine significantly increased unit activity. Naloxone (1
      mg/kg, i.p.) administration reversed the increase in unit activity produced by
      morphine. When these same studies were conducted in cats first anesthetized with
      chloral hydrate, morphine produced a significant decrease in unit activity in a
      naloxone-reversible manner. These results suggest that previous reports of
      systemic morphine's depression of LC unit activity may be at least partially
      attributable to an interaction with anesthesia. Morphine's multiplicity of
      actions upon the LC is discussed.

PMID- 4041876
TI  - Glial and axonal development in optic nerve of myelin deficient rat mutant.
AB  - Development of glial cell lines and axons is reported for the optic nerve of the
      myelin deficient rat mutant, md, 3-46 days postnatally. In mutants, optic nerves
      do not increase in area after 16 days of age whereas, in normal rats, they
      enlarge through 46 days of postnatal life. The density of glial cells, determined
      in cross-sections, is similar in md and normal littermates through 19 days
      postnatally. Thereafter, glial densities are greater in the mutant. Nonetheless,
      total glial counts are reduced in md as compared to the normal, because cross
      sectional areas and lengths of mutant nerve 30-46 days after birth are smaller
      than those of age-matched, normal littermates. Differential counts of glial
      cells, made by ultrastructural criteria, show that md optic nerves contain
      abnormal, vacuolated, immature oligodendroglia from the third postnatal day.
      Furthermore, oligodendrocytes are reduced in number in older mutants; they
      constitute 1% of optic nerve neuroglia at 46 days. Astrocytic numbers are
      increased in relative, not in absolute, terms from 19 days, and microglial
      numbers are greater than normal in the oldest mutants. Reactive microglia,
      containing large cytoplasmic lipid droplets, constitute 4-8% of the glia of md
      nerve 19-46 days postnatally. Mean axonal areas are similar in normal rats and
      mutants at 19 and 43-46 days of age. However, mitochondrial density is greater in
      md axons 19 days after birth and mean areas of axonal mitochondria are
      significantly larger in 43-46 day mutants than in age-matched, normal
      littermates. Additionally, the percent area of axoplasm occupied by mitochondria
      is increased in md at both 19 and 43-46 days of age. The myelination defect in md
      appears to be due primarily to an oligodendroglial abnormality which precedes the
      normal age of onset of myelination. Astrocytic and microglial changes are
      secondary. Axonal enlargement proceeds normally over 46 days of postnatal life.
      Overall, the data do not provide definitive support for an axonal basis for the
      myelination defect, although measurable differences in axonal mitochondria
      between mutants and normals are demonstrable and qualitative abnormalities do
      occur in the axons of the mutant.

PMID- 4041877
TI  - Laser-induced somatosensory evoked potentials: evidence of photosensitivity in
      peripheral nerves.
AB  - Irradiation of the skin overlying the median nerve at the wrist in humans with a
      low power (1 mW; 632.5 nm) helium-neon laser produced a somatosensory evoked
      potential obtained at Erb's point. This evoked potential had a latency equal to
      that observed after electrical stimulation of the same nerve. Prolonged exposure
      to laser (20 min, 3.1 Hz) resulted in a large (10-90%) decrease in the amplitude
      of the electrical evoked potential. Since this laser produces no detectable
      thermal change, the results imply that photochemical reactions alter neuronal
      activity.

PMID- 4041878
TI  - Induction of epileptiform activity in hippocampal slices by trains of electrical
      stimuli.
AB  - In this paper we present an in vitro model of epileptogenesis based on electrical
      stimulation rather than pharmacological or ionic manipulations. Hippocampal
      slices given a series of stimulus trains similar to those used in kindling
      exhibited 3 types of epileptiform activity in CA3: afterdischarges immediately
      following the trains; spontaneous bursts of multiple population spikes; and
      bursts triggered by single stimuli. The afterdischarges and spontaneous bursts
      may be comparable to those seen in vivo during kindling; also, the progression of
      these features in this model was similar to their progression during kindling.
      All epileptiform activities were long-lasting, persisting for up to 3.5 h
      following the last train. This stimulus train-induced population bursting should
      be valuable as an acute model of hippocampal epileptogenesis, and may also help
      elucidate hippocampal participation in the kindling process.

PMID- 4041880
TI  - Electrophysiological evidence that the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus is a
      relay between the ventral pallidum and the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat.
AB  - The neural connections from the ventral pallidum (VP) through the mediodorsal
      nucleus of the thalamus (MD) to the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) were
      investigated. Extracellular recordings were made from 219 neurons in the medial
      and lateral portions of the MD and the VP and the MPC were stimulated. The most
      frequent response to VP stimulation was inhibition and inhibition preceded by
      excitation. Also, the most frequent response of MD units to MPC stimulation was
      inhibition and inhibition preceded by excitation. Nineteen of 26 MD units,
      activated antidromically by MPC stimulation, responded orthodromically to VP
      stimulation. The most frequent orthodromic response of these MD output neurons
      was inhibition and inhibition preceded by excitation. GABA iontophorized onto MD
      neurons reduced their rate of discharge. GABA and picrotoxin iontophorized onto
      MD neurons did not influence the inhibitory or excitatory responses to VP
      stimulation. These electrophysiological results support previous anatomical
      findings of connections between the VP and the MPC by way of the MD. MD output
      neurons to the MPC receive mostly inhibitory inputs from VP afferents. A high
      proportion of MD neurons respond orthodromically to both VP and MPC stimulation,
      suggesting the convergence of synaptic inputs from these structures to the same
      MD units.

PMID- 4041879
TI  - Neurophysiological analysis of the development of endocrine and hypertensive
      reactions in prolonged emotional stress.
AB  - The model of immobilization stress with aperiodic foot shock (FS) was used to
      study the effect of a prolonged emotional stress on the functional condition of
      cortical and subcortical structures (hypothalamic and reticular structures in
      particular) in EEG activity and to elucidate their role in the development of
      endocrine and hypertensive reactions. It is shown that the development of
      hypertensive reactions in animals is stipulated by dynamic changes in the
      functional condition of the CNS, particularly in the hypothalamic neuroendocrinal
      control mechanism and reticular formation of the midbrain, which can be
      conditionally subdivided into 3 stages. The first is characterized by the
      emergence of short-time cycles of the hypersynchronized activity of slow waves in
      the cortical and subcortical mechanism, which is accompanied by adaptive hormonal
      secretion and transient effects of vascular reactions to FS; in the meantime
      neither neuroendocrinal nor blood pressure (BP) self-regulation mechanisms are
      impaired. The second stage is characterized (3-4 days after the beginning of the
      exposure) by the development of 'persistent' excitation in the CNS and the
      stabilization of a high level of hormones in the blood. Vascular reactions to FS
      are extremely prolonged ones; in intervals between FS applications BP fails to
      return to initial values. The third stage (1 month after cessation of
      experiments) is characterized by normal background EEG-activity in cortical
      subcortical structures, normal indices of hormonal homeostasis but high level of
      BP. In response to 'repeated' stress, on the first experimental day, prolonged
      hypersynchronization of slow waves in cortical-subcortical structures occurred
      while BP reactions to FS were also prolonged and high hormonal secretion was
      observed. The data obtained suggest the high reactivity of reticular-hypothalamic
      structures which determine primarily the characteristics of both vascular and
      hormonal reactions that could be understood to be due to the result of previous
      experience (the first stage of stress).

PMID- 4041881
TI  - Hypothalamic projections to the ventral medulla oblongata in the rat, with
      special reference to the nucleus raphe pallidus: a study using autoradiographic
      and HRP techniques.
AB  - Hypothalamic descending projections to the medullary ventral surface were studied
      autoradiographically in the rat. A small amount of [3H]leucine was injected
      unilaterally into various parts of the hypothalamus by air pressure. Abundant and
      characteristic terminal labelings were observed bilaterally in the nucleus raphe
      pallidus, the ventral surface of the pyramidal tract and the nucleus
      interfascicularis hypoglossi, after injections into the dorsal posterior
      hypothalamic area caudal to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus.
      Conspicuous, but less numerous labelings were observed in the nucleus raphe
      obscurus and the ipsilateral raphe magnus. After an injection of [3H]leucine into
      the hypothalamus and injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the spinal
      cord in the same animal, silver grains were densely distributed around HRP
      labeled neurons in the nucleus raphe pallidus including the nucleus
      interfascicularis hypoglossi. The present results suggest that the dorsal
      posterior hypothalamic area projects directly to the spinal-projecting neurons of
      the nucleus raphe pallidus.

PMID- 4041882
TI  - Cholecystokinin (CCK) gene-related peptides: distribution and characterization of
      immunoreactive pro-CCK and an amino-terminal pro-CCK fragment in rat brain.
AB  - An antiserum specific for the amino terminus of pro-CCK detects 3 major peptides
      in rat brain with molecular weights of 13,000, 8000 and 2700 daltons. These
      peptides are abundant both in CCK terminal-field regions and regions rich in CCK
      perikarya. The two high molecular weight peptides probably represent CCK
      precursor molecules. The smaller peptide is probably the amino-terminal fragment
      of pro-CCK and may be stored and released along with CCK-8, and have a potential
      role in synaptic transmission.

PMID- 4041883
TI  - Increase in the threshold of a nociceptive test induced by naloxone in morphine
      tolerant rats.
AB  - The effects of various doses of naloxone (3-1000 micrograms/kg i.v.) on the
      vocalization threshold elicited by pressure on the paw were evaluated in rats
      chronically treated with high doses of morphine. In addition to the well known
      precipitation of withdrawal induced by naloxone, an unexpected dose-related
      increase in the vocalization threshold was observed.

PMID- 4041884
TI  - Unilateral and bilateral cortical spreading depression interferes with radial
      maze performance in rats.
AB  - Seven rats with implanted cortical electrodes were trained in a 12-arm radial
      maze to asymptomatic performance (1.38 errors per trial). Single waves of
      cortical spreading depression (CSD) were elicited by application of cathodal
      current to the parieto-occipital cortex and monitored by suppression of callosal
      responses in the frontal cortex. Bilateral CSD elicited before the trial caused a
      small increase of error incidence in choices 1-6 but did not affect accuracy of
      choices 7-12. Bilateral CSD between choices 6 and 7 increased error incidence in
      the second half of the trial from 1.33 to 2.84, i.e. almost to the chance level
      of 3.0. Unilateral CSDs elicited before the first half of the trial in one
      hemisphere and in the same or in the contralateral hemisphere before the second
      half of the trial caused similar deterioration of performance in choices 7-12
      (2.4 and 2.1 errors, respectively). It is concluded that the CSD effects have
      both proactive and retroactive components and that the working memory record is
      not lateralized at the cortical level.

PMID- 4041885
TI  - Autoradiographic determination of catechol estrogen binding sites in brain,
      pituitary and uterus.
AB  - The anatomical pattern of nuclear binding of 2-OH[6,9-3H]estradiol ([3H]2-OHE2)
      in brain, pituitary and uterus have been studied autoradiographically.
      Autoradiograms of forebrain, pituitary and uterus show nuclear concentrations of
      radioactivity in certain cells. This nuclear concentration is abolished when
      unlabelled 2-OHE2 or E2 was injected prior to the injection of [3H]2-OHE2. In the
      brain nuclear labelling is observed in the septal-preoptic region, in the
      anterior hypothalamic area, and in the central hypothalamic area. Some estrogen
      sensitive nuclear groups, such as lateral septum and hippocampus, do not show
      accumulation of radioactivity. In the uterus, luminal and glandular epithelium,
      stromal cells and muscle cells are labelled. A comparison of the quantitative
      nuclear uptake of radioactivity and of the different time intervals after the
      injection of different doses shows similar uptake of nuclear radioactivity. This
      is comparable to data obtained after [6,7-3H]estradiol ([3H]E2) injection. The
      results provide clear evidence for nuclear binding of catechol estrogens of the
      same magnitude as [3H]E2 after in vivo treatment.

PMID- 4041886
TI  - Species-specific charge forms of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
AB  - Isoelectric points (pI) of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) from two
      species, cow and rat, were determined by chromatofocusing. Bovine PNMT has 5
      different charge isozymes ranging from 5.4 to 6.2. In contrast, rat PNMT has only
      a single charge form of pI 4.8. There is no common isoelectric point of PNMT from
      both species and there is no tissue variation in the isoelectric point.

PMID- 4041887
TI  - Differences in density and distribution of surface glycoconjugates between normal
      and dystrophic mouse Schwann cells detected by statistical analyses of lectin
      ferritin binding.
AB  - Cultures of Schwann cells and neurons from dorsal root ganglia of normal
      (C57bl/6J +/+) and dystrophic (C57bl/6J dy2j/dy2j) mice were labeled with wheat
      germ agglutinin (WGA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-I) conjugated to
      ferritin. Statistical methods were used to compare the regional densities and
      distribution characteristics of lectin binding in these two types of Schwann
      cells, which differ in their capacities to ensheath and myelinate axons in vivo
      and in cultures. Regional variations in lectin binding densities and
      distributions were observed in both types of Schwann cells. WGA-ferritin was
      bound at lower densities in dystrophic mouse Schwann cells than in corresponding
      regions of normal cells. In both normal and dystrophic cells, WGA-ferritin was
      distributed at greater densities on the free surfaces of Schwann cells than on
      the substrate-associated surfaces. WGA-ferritin was clustered in all regions of
      both normal and dystrophic mouse cells. RCA-ferritin densities did not differ
      significantly between corresponding regions of normal and dystrophic mouse
      Schwann cells. However, in normal mouse Schwann cells, the density of RCA
      ferritin was significantly greater in the thinner, peripheral processes of
      Schwann cells than in thicker perinuclear regions of the cells. Differences in
      the degree of RCA-ferritin clustering were also detected between normal and
      dystrophic Schwann cells. These results indicate that regional differences in the
      density and distributions of cell surface glycoconjugates occur in Schwann cells
      of normal and dystrophic mice.

PMID- 4041888
TI  - Rat brain synthesizes two 'vitamin D-dependent' calcium-binding proteins.
AB  - Two proteins from rat brain reacting against anti-chick intestinal vitamin D
      dependent calcium-binding protein were characterized in terms of their mobility
      on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their molecular
      size. The proteins were present in the isolated cytoplasm and were produced
      following translation of brain mRNA in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system.
      Their apparent molecular weight was 29,000 and 27,000 daltons whereas rat kidney
      contained only one protein cross-reacting with this antiserum and with a
      molecular weight of 27,000 daltons.

PMID- 4041889
TI  - Effect of tilt on the response of neuronal activity within the cat vestibular
      nuclei during slow and constant velocity rotation.
AB  - The responses of neurons sensitive to static tilt in the vestibular nuclei were
      examined in decerebrate cats during slow and constant velocity rotations about an
      axis tilted at various angles from the vertical. During any 360 degrees rotation,
      each unit showed a modulation of their firing rate, with a position-dependent
      maximum and minimum. Changes in amplitude of head displacement from 5 degrees to
      25 degrees decreased the response gain of the units without affecting the
      locations of the discharge maxima and minima.

PMID- 4041890
TI  - Muscarinic mobilization of choline in rat cerebral cortex does not involve
      alterations of blood-brain barrier.
AB  - Efflux of choline from the rat cerebral cortex in vivo was investigated using the
      cup technique. After removal of the dura mater, the cup was placed on the cortex.
      Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cortex was
      separated from the cup solution (100-300 microliter) by basal lamina, pia mater,
      arachnoid (with discrete defects) and remainders of the subdural neurothelium.
      Two kinds of experiments were carried out to determine: efflux of unlabelled
      choline into the cup solution; and translocation of radioactivity from the plasma
      into the cup solution (via blood-brain barrier and leptomeningeal layers) during
      i.v. infusion of [3H]choline or [14C]inulin. The former process was highly
      temperature-sensitive in contrast to the latter. Penicillin-G-sodium, which is
      known to damage the blood-brain barrier, was added to the cup solution, enhanced
      efflux of unlabelled choline, and caused a 5-fold increase in the rates of
      translocation of radioactivity during infusion of either labelled choline or
      inulin. In contrast, physostigmine (3 X 10(-4) M, added to cup solution) failed
      to enhance 3H-translocation, but markedly facilitated the efflux of unlabelled
      choline; this effect was highly temperature-sensitive and was blocked by
      atropine. It is concluded that activation of muscarinic receptors enhanced the
      choline efflux from cortical tissue. This effect was caused by cellular
      mobilization of choline presumably through an action on the metabolism of
      phosphatidylcholine. The effect was not due to alterations in the translocation
      of choline from the plasma to the cup solution, i.e. through permeability changes
      in the blood-brain barrier and in the leptomeningeal 'barrier'.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041891
TI  - Basal forebrain lesions produce a dissociation of trial-dependent and trial
      independent memory performance.
AB  - The behavioral effects of lesions in the basal forebrain (BF) of rats were
      evaluated using two tasks. The BF lesions included both the nucleus basalis
      magnocellularis (NBM) and the medial septal area (MSA). The first task was a
      Stone maze, which has 14 consecutive choice points and is a task of complex,
      trial-independent memory. BF lesions did not impair choice accuracy in this task.
      The second task was a win-shift spatial discrimination in a radial arm maze,
      which requires trial-dependent memory. BF lesions produced a significant decrease
      in choice accuracy in this task. These results demonstrate that BF lesions impair
      trial-dependent (working) memory but not trial-independent reference memory, and
      that task difficulty is not the sole factor determining whether BF lesions
      produce behavioral impairments.

PMID- 4041892
TI  - Cholinergic modulation of mediodorsal thalamic input into cingulate cortex.
AB  - Field potentials in cingulate cortex (area 24) produced by electrical stimulation
      of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus were diminished by iontophoretic ejection of
      the cholinergic agonist, carbachol. The effect was frequency dependent: field
      potentials produced by 7.0 Hz stimulation were reduced by 34%. Potentials
      produced by 0.5 Hz stimulation were not significantly changed. This reduction was
      blocked by muscarinic but not nicotinic antagonists.

PMID- 4041893
TI  - Calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase in rat retina and the response to
      dopamine.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity from the rat neural retina was highly stimulated with
      Ca2+ and calmodulin. The retinal adenylate cyclase activity was also increased by
      dopamine, and the activation was not changed with or without Ca2+-calmodulin in
      fractions from the neural retina homogenate after sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation. The results suggest that the two regulation systems (i.e.
      dopamine and Ca2+-calmodulin) of adenylate cyclase in the rat retina appear to be
      independent.

PMID- 4041894
TI  - Sustained cerebral vasoconstriction during bilateral sympathetic stimulation in
      anesthetized rabbits.
AB  - Temporal aspects of bilateral sympathetic nerve stimulation on cerebral blood
      flow (CBF) were examined in anesthetized rabbits (n = 7). CBF ranged from 32 to
      50 ml/min per 100 g. Bilateral stimulation reduced blood flow by 17-31% to
      cerebrum, diencephalon-mesencephalon and cerebellum, and responses were constant
      between 2 and 6 min of stimulation. Sustained cerebral vasoconstriction is
      consistent with an important role for sympathetic nerves in the regulation of
      CBF.

PMID- 4041895
TI  - The pituitary inhibitory system: its role in pain perception.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate the pain relief mechanism of
      electrical stimulation to the pituitary and the relationship between hypothalamic
      and pituitary analgesic mechanism through the observation of monkey behavior and
      characteristics of tooth pulp-evoked potentials. The results suggest that
      pituitary-stimulating analgesia should be differentiated from hypothalamic
      stimulating effect. In view of the facts, the theory of the Pituitary Inhibitory
      System is proposed.

PMID- 4041896
TI  - Age-related dendritic growth in dentate gyrus of human brain is followed by
      regression in the 'oldest old'.
AB  - Dendritic extent in dentate gyrus granule cells of normal aging human brain was
      found to increase between middle age (fifties) and early old age (seventies).
      However, dendritic regression was found in the oldest old (nineties). This
      finding of dendritic regression following growth is in contrast to previous
      quantitative reports of continued dendritic growth in parahippocampal gyrus of
      aging human brain. This new result reinforces the concept of age and region
      specificity in changes in dendritic extent.

PMID- 4041897
TI  - Characterization of specific binding sites labeled by [3H]LSD in coronal sections
      of paraformaldehyde-fixed rat brain.
AB  - Specific, high-affinity binding of [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in
      coronal sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed rat brain is described. Intracardiac
      perfusion of paraformaldehyde selectively altered 40% of the total binding sites
      normally labeled by [3H]LSD in unfixed sections. Competition by unlabeled LSD and
      serotonin (5-HT) was not altered by the fixation procedure. Competition by
      spiperone, however, revealed that the fixation procedure preferentially altered
      sites for which spiperone has high affinity. This technique should facilitate the
      combination of neuroanatomical techniques such as radioautography and
      immunocytochemistry.

PMID- 4041898
TI  - Rats prefer ambient temperatures out of phase with their body temperature
      circadian rhythm.
AB  - Rats placed in thermally graded enclosures cyclically selected ambient
      temperatures about 195 degrees out of phase with the circadian variations of
      their hypothalamic temperature. This finding cannot be explained by the generally
      accepted assumption that body temperature circadian rhythm is due to a cyclic
      shift of the set-point temperature.

PMID- 4041899
TI  - A Golgi and morphometric study of the ectopic granule cells in the molecular
      layer of the rat cerebellum.
AB  - The morphological types of isolated ectopic granule cells (EGCs) were examined
      with Golgi-Rio Hortega staining in the cerebellar molecular layer of adult normal
      rats. The EGCs showed a significant reduction in the number of dendrites (mean
      2.42 +/- 0.07) with respect to the controls (mean 3.97 +/- 0.09), and they
      usually exhibited poorly developed dendritic terminals. The karyometric analysis
      on semithin sections indicated that the average nuclear area in EGCs was
      significantly smaller (16.62 +/- 0.20 micron 2) than in normally positioned
      granule cells (21.08 +/- 0.24 micron 2).

PMID- 4041900
TI  - Distribution of osmosensitive cells in the preoptic and adjacent regions of cat
      brains.
AB  - The response of neurons in the preoptic and adjacent regions of the brain to
      intracarotid injection of hyperosmotic solutions was studied in 22 anesthetized
      cats. NaCl (0.5 M) caused a brisk acceleration of frequency lasting over 100 s in
      120 of 207 units (58%). Glucose (2 M) and sucrose (2 M) had similar but smaller
      effects, and urea (2 M) was ineffective. Responding units were found in all parts
      of the preoptic region, the diagonal band of Broca (vertical limb), the lateral
      septal nucleus, nucleus accumbens and anterior hypothalamus.

PMID- 4041901
TI  - Synaptogenic effects of neonatal estradiol treatment in rat superior cervical
      ganglia.
AB  - Neonatal rats treated with testosterone propionate or 17-beta-estradiol during
      the first two postnatal weeks have more neurons and synapses in their superior
      cervical ganglia (SCGs) at 15 days of age than do vehicle-treated littermates. To
      determine whether a non-aromatizable androgen would similarly increase the number
      of SCG synapses, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was injected into male rats beginning
      on the day of birth. The animals were sacrificed on postnatal day 15 and the SCGs
      removed on postnatal day 15. Counts of synapses showed no difference in the
      number of synapses between control and DHT-treated animals. These results suggest
      that the actions of testosterone to increase the numbers of SCG synapses may be
      via aromatization to estradiol. An additional study was done to determine whether
      the additional synapses formed in SCGs of animals treated with estradiol arise
      from neurons whose axons are in the cervical sympathetic trunk or from intrinsic
      neurons, i.e., SIF cells or other principal ganglion neurons. Neonatal males were
      injected with 17-beta-estradiol or vehicle beginning on the day of birth and
      continuing until the time of sacrifice on day 15. The number of intrinsic
      synapses formed under control and estradiol treatments was determined in SCGs of
      animals whose extrinsic synapses were caused to degenerate by severing the
      cervical sympathetic trunk bilaterally on postnatal day 13, two days before
      sacrifice. The total number of synapses (extrinsic plus intrinsic) in the
      ganglion after vehicle or estradiol treatment was determined in unoperated
      animals and used to calculate the number of extrinsic synapses.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041902
TI  - Primary cultures from defined brain areas; effects of seeding time on cell
      growth, astroglial content and protein synthesis.
AB  - The influence of seeding time on cell growth, astroglial content and on protein
      synthesis during cultivation was determined in primary cultures from 3
      phylogenetically different brain areas from rat cerebral cortex, striatum and
      brainstem. Brainstem cultivated from 17-day-old embryos and all the cultures
      studied from the 3 brain areas of newborn and 7-day-old rat showed a similar
      increase in total and water-soluble protein during cultivation. Glial fibrillary
      acidic protein (GFAp, alpha-albumin) levels increased with age in all cultures
      studied. There was a rapid increase in GFAp (alpha-albumin) between 1 and 2 weeks
      in cultures from newborn and between 2 and 3 weeks in brainstem cultures from 17
      day-old embryos, these increases being slower thereafter. Incorporation of
      [3H]valine into soluble protein was lower in 3-week-old cultures than in 1- and 2
      week-old cultures derived from newborn and 7-day-old rat brain. The incorporation
      rates were similar in comparisons of the various cultures. Similar results were
      obtained from embryonic cultures, although the decrease in incorporation rate was
      between 3 and 4 weeks. The efficiency of incorporation (% TCA-precipitated
      material/total [3H]activity) was higher in 2- and 3-week-old than in 1-week-old
      cultures from newborn and 7-day-old rats and in 3- and 4-week-old cultures of
      brainstem from 17-day-old rat embryos. These findings suggest a cell
      differentiation during cultivation. The results show that seeding time has a
      variable influence on cultures from the different brain areas studied concerning
      cell growth, astroglial content and probably differentiation during cultivation.
      Embryonic cell cultures seem, in general, to develop one week later than neonatal
      and postnatal ones. Cultures of newborn rat cells from cerebral cortex, striatum
      and brainstem show many similarities in the above parameters during cultivation.
      This is also the case for brainstem cultures from embryonic rat.

PMID- 4041903
TI  - Gangliosides in postmitotic retina of chick embryo: changes in vivo and in cell
      cultures.
AB  - Developmental changes in ganglioside composition of postmitotic neural retina of
      chick embryo were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. Gangliosides were
      identified by comparing their chromatographic mobilities with reference
      standards. The outstanding changes are decrease in the concentration of GD3L and
      increase in GD1a and GM1 concentrations. By depleting Muller glia cells from
      retina tissue of 13- and 16-day embryos (R13, R16) we determined that the bulk of
      the major gangliosides is associated with the neurons. Analysis of gangliosides
      in monolayer cultures of R13 and R16 cells highly enriched for Muller cell
      derived gliocytes indicated that these cells express the same types of
      gangliosides as neurons, but in somewhat different concentrations and relative
      proportions; however, after time in culture these cells showed ganglioside types
      and changes in ganglioside profile that are not characteristic of normal retina.
      The latter observation is consistent with other evidence that the phenotype of
      Muller glia cells becomes altered in monolayer culture. In contrast to cultures
      of early embryonic retina, in organ cultures of later postmitotic retina,
      ganglioside composition did not continue to change as in normal development. This
      suggests that in postmitotic retina, normal developmental progression of
      ganglioside changes requires systemic and/or other conditions which are missing
      or altered when this tissue is isolated and cultured in vitro.

PMID- 4041904
TI  - Transient patterns of acetylcholinesterase activity in visual cortex of the rat:
      normal development and the effects of neonatal monocular enucleation.
AB  - This paper describes the normal development and disappearance of
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in layer IV of rat visual cortex and the
      effects of neonatal monocular enucleation on this transient pattern of AChE
      activity. Subjects were laboratory-born male or female Long-Evans rats. Some
      animals underwent monocular enucleation within 6 h of birth. Animals were
      sacrificed at various ages and AChE activity was detected histochemically in
      tissue sections. AChE activity is first detectable histochemically in visual
      cortex area 17 as a fine fiber-like plexus in layer IV at about 7 postnatal days
      of age. The intensity of the staining increases during the second postnatal week
      and reaches peak intensity at days 12-14. The intensity of the AChE staining in
      layer IV of area 17 appears to decrease during the third postnatal week and the
      dense AChE band disappears by postnatal day 21. The distribution of AChE in layer
      IV of area 17 corresponds closely to the field of termination of geniculocortical
      projections and the fiber-like pattern of AChE activity resembles the appearance
      of an axonal terminal field. Neonatal monocular enucleation results in a marked
      decrement in the spatial extent of the AChE activity in layer IV of cortical area
      17. The AChE-positive plexus is lost in the medial regions of area 17
      contralateral to the enucleated eye. AChE activity remains in the lateral part of
      area 17, probably corresponding to that part of area 17 innervated by secondary
      projections from the intact ipsilateral eye. The functional role of this
      transient AChE activity is unknown. The present data suggest that AChE activity
      is characteristic of geniculocortical axon terminals during the period of time in
      which they are establishing functional connections with postsynaptic sites in
      cortex.

PMID- 4041906
TI  - Changes in nuclear envelope invaginations in axotomized immature and mature
      hamster facial motoneurons.
AB  - In this study, changes in the amount of nuclear envelope invaginations (NEI) were
      quantitatively assessed after axotomy during the late nuclear maturation stages
      (15, 20 and 25 days postnatal age) and in the adult (100-day-old) hamster facial
      motoneurons. These changes were expressed as boundary density or BA (length of
      nuclear envelope per unit area of nucleus). Absolute nuclear areas and perimeters
      were also estimated after axotomy at these ages. At 1/2 and 1 day after axotomy,
      no differences in the above parameters were noted at any of the operative ages.
      At 4 days postoperative, the peak of chromatolysis for all these ages, axotomy
      resulted in significant decreases in BA and nuclear perimeter in the immature
      neurons and no changes in BA and nuclear perimeter in the adult neurons. In
      addition, 4 days after axotomy at 20 days postnatal and later ages, pronounced
      increases in nuclear area occurred. These quantitative results are interpreted as
      evidence that the accelerated loss of NEI after axotomy during the final stages
      of nuclear maturation in these neurons is related to the formation of rough
      endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or Nissl substance. The hypothesis that an 'excess'
      of RER is accumulated during the late maturation stages and may account for the
      lack of NEI in the adult axotomized facial motoneuron is presented.

PMID- 4041905
TI  - Cell proliferation during postnatal development of the retina in the mouse.
AB  - Cell proliferation was studied in the developing mouse retina by autoradiography
      following injection of [3H]thymidine. In 1-day-old mice, the duration of the
      phases of the cell-division cycle was investigated in ventricular cells, the
      mitotically active precursors of postmitotic cells that comprise the neural
      retina. In the center of the retina, the generation time (T) was 30 h, consisting
      of 8.5 h G1 phase, 16.0 h S phase, 2.6 h (minimum) G2 phase, and 2.5 h mitosis.
      In the periphery, T was 28.5 h; G1, 7.5 h; S, 16.0 h; minimum G2, 2.6 h; and
      mitosis, 2 h. As embryogenesis proceeds, the mitotic cycle decelerates. In
      contrast with postembryonic cell populations (in which G2, S and M tend to be
      invariable), all phases of the cycle increase in duration, and most become longer
      than is commonly observed in mature animals. Approx. 18 generations of
      ventricular cells are produced. However, throughout the stage of multiplication,
      some cells cease dividing and differentiate. In 1-day-old mice, 23% of
      ventricular cells in the center of the retina and 37% in the periphery remain
      mitotically active. DNA synthesis ceases on the 6th day in the center and the
      11th day in the periphery.

PMID- 4041907
TI  - Catecholaminergic fiber sprouting in granuloprival coeruleo-cerebellar cultures.
AB  - Neonatal mouse coeruleo-cerebellar explants exposed to cytosine arabinoside to
      destroy granule cell precursors demonstrated sprouting of catecholaminergic
      fibers after 15 days in vitro. Levels of dopamine in granuloprival coeruleo
      cerebellar cultures were more than twice those of control cultures. As
      granuloprival cerebellar cultures also demonstrate Purkinje cell axon collateral
      sprouting, the granuloprival coeruleo-cerebellar system, in which there is
      sprouting of two different neuronal groups, may provide a model to investigate
      the nature and specificity of the signal or signals that induce axonal sprouting.

PMID- 4041908
TI  - Growth cones isolated from developing rat forebrain: uptake and release of GABA
      and noradrenaline.
AB  - A growth cone-enriched fraction isolated from neonatal rat forebrain was shown to
      accumulate gamma-amino [3H]butyric acid ([3H]-GABA) and [3H]noradrenaline
      ([3H]NA). Uptake of both neurotransmitters was sodium- and temperature-dependent
      and exhibited saturation kinetics with Km values of 17.7 microM and 4.5 microM
      respectively and Vmax values of 114 pmol/min/mg protein and 59 pmol/min/mg
      protein respectively. Electron microscopic autoradiography showed that about 50%
      of isolated growth cones can accumulate [3H]GABA. Inhibitor studies showed that
      beta-alanine was a relatively weak inhibitor of [3H]GABA uptake compared to
      nipecotic acid and diamino-butyric acid. Growth cone fractions preloaded with
      [3H]GABA and [3H]NA demonstrated a K+ (25 mM) -induced release of both
      neurotransmitters. Of the K+-stimulated release of [3H]GABA 50% was Ca2+
      dependent, whereas the release of [3H]NA was entirely Ca2+-independent.

PMID- 4041910
TI  - Survival of the ganglion cell population in the rabbit retina following neonatal
      visual cortex ablation.
AB  - Unilateral visual cortex ablations in neonatal rabbits produced no detectable
      loss of ganglion cells in the contralateral retina following a survival period of
      3, 4 or 8 months. Analysis of neuron size distributions and neuron densities from
      whole-mounted retinas indicate that transneuronal retrograde degeneration does
      not occur in the rabbit following neonatal visual cortex removal. The results
      support the hypothesis that axon collaterals play a role in retinal ganglion cell
      survival in neonatally operated animals. The paradoxical relationship between
      functional sparing and ganglion cell survival is discussed.

PMID- 4041909
TI  - Effect of intrauterine growth retardation on developmental changes in DNA and
      [14C]thymidine metabolism in different regions of rat brain: histological and
      biochemical correlations.
AB  - Intrauterine growth retardation was induced in the rat by clamping the uterine
      artery on day 17 of gestation. The effect of hypotrophy on DNA synthesis was
      studied in two different cerebral structures: hippocampus and cerebellum.
      Accumulation of DNA in these structures was biochemically measured in parallel to
      the incorporation of methyl-[14C]thymidine into nucleic acid at different ages
      and correlated with autoradiography. The various metabolites of thymidine in acid
      soluble fraction were determined by using chromatographic procedures.
      Phosphorylation defects or reduced utilization of thymidine were found in
      hypotrophic rats and may delay the DNA synthesis. An essay of catch-up occurred
      with a different timing according to the cerebral region studied. A morphological
      and DNA synthesis. An essay of catch-up occurred with a different timing
      according to the cerebral region studied. A morphological and autoradiographic
      study after incorporation of [3H]thymidine was carried out in parallel. The
      neuronal and glial components of cytogenesis were analyzed separately and a good
      correlation was observed between histological and biochemical data in both groups
      of animals.

PMID- 4041911
TI  - Methylmercury poisoning of the developing nervous system in the rat: decreased
      activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase in cerebral cortex and neostriatum.
AB  - The specific activities of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) were measured in 6 regions of the central nervous system
      in young rats, following chronic postnatal administration of methylmercuric
      chloride. These rats exhibited signs of neurological impairment which included
      visual deficits, ataxia, spasticity and myoclonus. At the onset of neurological
      impairment, there was a significant reduction in GAD activity in the occipital
      cortex (43%), frontal cortex (37%) and caudate-putamen (42%). Preceding the onset
      of neurological impairment, diminished GAD activity was detected only in the
      occipital cortex. In the cerebellum, thalamus and spinal cord, GAD activities
      were normal throughout the experiment. No significant differences in ChAT
      activity were detected in any of the 6 regions. These results are consistent with
      a preferential involvement of GABAergic neurons in methylmercury-induced lesions
      of the cerebral cortex and neostriatum.

PMID- 4041912
TI  - Unilateral odor deprivation: effects on the development of olfactory bulb
      catecholamines and behavior.
AB  - The present studies began an examination of the process by which unilateral odor
      deprivation results in a 25% reduction in the size of the olfactory bulb. Rat
      pups had a single naris occluded on the day after the day of birth (Day 1) and
      were tested at several early postnatal ages. Dopamine (DA) levels were measured
      to gauge the effects of deprivation on a transmitter system which is intrinsic to
      the bulb, while norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were assessed to determine how
      deprivation affects inputs to the bulb from higher brain regions. A significant
      reduction in DA concentration (pg/mg protein) was observed on Day 8 and persisted
      until Day 30 although protein concentrations (pg/mg bulb) were not affected. In
      contrast, deprivation did not significantly alter NE concentration. Deprived and
      control pups did not differ on a series of behavioral and morphometric measures,
      suggesting that the surgical procedure did not seriously impair normal growth
      patterns. The results indicate that unilateral naris occlusion induces rapid and
      specific changes within the olfactory bulb.

PMID- 4041913
TI  - Early phenobarbital-induced alterations in hippocampal acetylcholinesterase
      activity and behavior.
AB  - Early exposure to phenobarbital (PhB) causes marked destruction of large neurons
      which are then forming both in the hippocampus and in the cerebellum. Such
      exposure to PhB also reduces the achievements of mice in hippocampus-related
      behaviors such as radial 8-arm maze performance. Experimental evidence suggests
      that these behaviors are partially mediated by cholinergic transmission. We
      studied the performance of mice, exposed to PhB prenatally or neonatally, in
      radial 8-arm maze. Both treatments caused significant impairments in the animals'
      performance in the maze. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase
      (pChE) activities were studied in the hippocampus and cerebellum of mice who were
      exposed to PhB prenatally or neonatally. These enzymes are involved both in
      cholinergic transmission and in neuronal development. A significant decrease (13
      16%, P less than 0.01) in hippocampal AChE specific activity was found between
      days 15 and 22 in animals exposed to PhB neonatally. The total hippocampal
      activity of AChE was also greatly reduced (25-39%, P less than 0.01) during that
      period as a result of both the reduction in specific activity and a reduction in
      hippocampal weight of the treated animals. These alterations were transient and
      were not detected in adulthood. No changes in hippocampal AChE or pChE activities
      were found in animals treated prenatally. Cerebellar AChE and pChE activities
      were not altered after prenatal nor after neonatal exposure to PhB. It is
      possible that the short-term effect of neonatal treatment on AChE specific
      activity might mediate the long-term impairments in hippocampus-related
      behaviors.

PMID- 4041914
TI  - The role of the principal sensory nucleus in central trigeminal pattern
      formation.
AB  - Complete lesions of the principal sensory nucleus in the neonatal rat disrupts
      vibrissae-related pattern formation in the ventral posterior nucleus of the
      dorsal thalamus. Similar lesions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus do not effect
      pattern formation in the ventral posterior nucleus. The results are interpreted
      as suggesting that the principal sensory nucleus provides a template for pattern
      formation in central trigeminal structures.

PMID- 4041915
TI  - Behavioral effects of D-amphetamine in developing cats.
AB  - The development of the behavioral effects of amphetamine was assessed in kittens
      of 1-53 days of age. Amphetamine-induced increases in locomotion occurred when
      animals were beyond 35 days of age. Stereotypic behavior was induced at all ages
      tested but the predominant type of stereotypy was age-related. From 1 to 14 days
      amphetamine induced licking. Pendular head movements occurred when animals were
      under 35 days. At 14 days of age darting, a response consisting of rapid pacing
      and turning began to occur. Tracking, a series of horizontal and vertical head
      movements also began to occur after 14 days. The adult response of vertical and
      horizontal head movements became most prominent after 35 days.

PMID- 4041916
TI  - Postnatal neurogenesis in the rat hypothalamus.
AB  - Neurogenesis of the rat hypothalamus was studied with the [3H]thymidine
      autoradiography method during the first postnatal month. In the parvicellular
      hypothalamic nuclei a low rate (1%) of neurogenesis could be observed during the
      first postnatal week, but not later. There was no sign of neuron formation in the
      magnocellular cell groups. A number of glial cells were labeled throughout the
      first month in all hypothalamic nuclei at a decreasing rate. Therefore, birth is
      not a sharp dividing line in the neurogenesis of the hypothalamus in the rat.

PMID- 4041917
TI  - Transplantation of fetal postmitotic neurons to rat cortex: survival, early
      pathway choices and long-term projections of outgrowing axons.
AB  - A system for studying growth and development of transplanted subpopulations of
      postmitotic cerebral cortical neurons is described. The cytotoxic drug
      methylazoxymethanol (MAM) was given to pregnant rats on the fourteenth day of
      gestation to destroy precursor cells of layers II-IV of the fetal cerebral
      cortex. Layer V and VI precursor cells which had completed their final division
      before MAM treatment and were unaffected by it, were labeled by a prior injection
      of [3H]thymidine. This strategy provides a donor cerebral cortex containing
      mainly neurons destined to form layers V and VI of the adult cerebral cortex;
      these cells are postmitotic. Pieces of donor cerebral cortex were transplanted to
      the cerebral hemispheres of normal newborn hosts at one day, two days, or 6 days
      after MAM treatment; survival was assessed 1-12 weeks after transplantation by
      autoradiography of histological sections. Radiolabeled graft cells survived in
      89% of recipients and many of these grew axons into the host, as indicated by
      retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase. Significant numbers of graft
      cells could also be stained immunocytochemically for glutamic acid decarboxylase
      or for the peptides, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or
      cholecystokinin. A second group of experiments examined the routes of early axon
      outgrowth from normal and postmitotic fetal grafts. When the donor cortex had
      been incubated in a mixture of [3H]proline and [3H]leucine for 20 min prior to
      transplantation, the earliest axons growing out of the graft into normal newborn
      hosts could be assessed by autoradiography of axoplasmic transport after
      survivals in the host of 7 days. Normal and postmitotic grafts taken at E15 or
      E20 were capable of outgrowth, though the axons of E20 postmitotic cells did not
      grow far. The location of the transplant was the major determinant of where graft
      cells' axons grew and growth was mainly into existing axonal pathways of the
      host. In a third group of experiments, long term axonal projections from normal
      and postmitotic fetal transplants to 4 regions of the host brain--thalamus,
      contralateral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus--were examined with retrograde
      tracers 2-4 months after transplantation. Projections from grafts to the 4 host
      sites were highly dependent on the presence of nearby host axons connecting with
      those sites. Neurons in all types of graft projected to one or other of the 4
      sites, but generally in small numbers. Higher proportions of cells in grafts from
      E15 MAM-treated donors projected to the host thalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4041918
TI  - Early postnatal development of EEG and sleep-waking cycle in two inbred mouse
      strains.
AB  - The postnatal maturation of brain electrical activity and sleep-waking cycle were
      studied in two inbred mouse strains (C57BL and BALBc), previously differentiated
      in their sleep patterns at adult age. Genetic differences are evident during the
      first postnatal period (until day 12) in the maturation of electrical activity
      which is both earlier and slower in C57BL than in BALBc. On the other hand, from
      day 12 onwards, as soon as the sleep-waking cycle can be defined by using EEG
      morphology to select quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS) C57BL is
      characterized by a higher amount of AS and a lower amount of waking (W) than
      BALBc, as found in juvenile and adult mice. These differences appear a little
      later when the recordings are performed on animals which are isolated instead of
      being left with the rest of the litter.

PMID- 4041919
TI  - The morphology and phased outgrowth of callosal axons in the fetal rat.
AB  - The growth of axons of the corpus callosum was studied in fetal and early
      postnatal rats by means of anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) applied to the developing cerebral cortex in the frontal and
      presumptive sensory motor regions. In the sensorimotor regions, the first axons
      to reach the midline at E18 arise from two separated groups of cells situated
      medially near the superior sagittal sinus and laterally just above the rhinal
      sulcus. Each group forms a stratum just beneath the cortical plate. Axons from
      cells in intervening regions arrive at the midline approximately one day later.
      By the first postnatal day (P0), a second stratum of callosally projecting cells
      can be identified superficial to the first. Callosal axons grow out from this
      stratum in the same sequence as those from the deeper stratum, axons from medial
      and lateral regions preceding those from intervening regions. [3H]thymidine
      labeling of animals later injected with HRP, indicates that callosal cells in the
      deep stratum enter their final mitosis at E15 and those in the superficial
      stratum at E16. Growing callosal axons have identifiable growth cones and
      filopodia at their tips but, as far as they could be traced, the axons do not
      branch. They grow orthogonal to radial glial processes of the cerebral hemisphere
      and diverge early from simultaneously outgrowing corticofugal axons directed to
      subcortical sites, as though following separate cues. Callosal axons advancing
      from one side grow directly into the path taken by those advancing from the other
      side.

PMID- 4041920
TI  - Ontogenesis of proenkephalin products in rat striatum and the inhibitory effects
      of low-level lead exposure.
AB  - Certain developmental abnormalities have been associated with environmental
      exposure to lead and our previous studies have indicated that the endogenous
      opioid system is disrupted by this metal. In connection with this we report the
      ontogeny of proenkephalin products in the rat striatum determined by combined
      HPLC and bioassay and the effects of low-level lead exposure on this ontogeny.
      The development of Met-enkephalin levels was dissimilar from that of the other
      proenkephalin products, Met-enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7, Met-enkephalyl-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8
      and Leu-enkephalin. The ratios of Met-enkephalin containing peptides to Leu
      enkephalin was less than the 6:1 ratio predicted from the proenkephalin
      structure. Lead (administered in the maternal drinking water, from conception to
      weaning at 100, 300 and 1000 ppm) caused a dose-related depression of the levels
      of proenkephalin products in rat striatum at 10, 21 and 30 days after birth. The
      most pronounced effects were observed at 10 days and the most persistent effects
      were seen with Met-enkephalin. Peak blood lead levels were below 45
      micrograms/100 ml in the 100 and 300 ppm lead-dosed groups and in all lead-dosed
      groups at 10 days after birth. It is suggested that lead may have inhibitory
      effects on proenkephalin-processing enzymes.

PMID- 4041921
TI  - Synapse elimination in the developing visual cortex: a morphometric analysis in
      normal and dark-reared cats.
AB  - The elimination of synapses from developing visual cortex, occurring after day 70
      in cat, is thought to result from competition among redundant axons innervating
      area 17. The dependence of this elimination on visual experience was tested by
      comparing normal cats at 70 and 220 days of age with littermates dark-reared from
      day 70 to day 220. Thickness of all cortical laminae, numerical density (NV) of
      neurons in layers I-III and NV of synapses in layers I-III were measured in two
      regions of area 17, corresponding to central (0-5 degrees) and peripheral (15-20
      degrees) representations of the binocular visual field. In the central region,
      normal development was characterized by a 25% decrease in thickness of layers I
      III with a corresponding increase in the NV of neurons. The NV of synapses in
      layer I decreased by 29%, with a 52% decrease in the number of synapses under one
      mm2 of pial surface. In layers II-III the NV of synapses decreased by 31%, with a
      46% decrease in the number of synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface. These
      developmental changes were unaffected by dark-rearing. In the peripheral region,
      normal cats exhibited no significant changes in laminar thickness or in NV of
      synapses, although the number of synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface decreased
      by 25% in layer I and by 18% in layers II-III. In dark-reared cats the thickness
      of layers I-III decreased by 26% with a corresponding increase in the NV of
      neurons. The NV of synapses in layer I decreased by 18% and the number of
      synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface by 51%. In layers II-III the NV of synapses
      decreased by 22% and the number of synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface by 39%.
      Thus, in normal development the loss of synapses is greater from central than
      from peripheral representations of area 17. Dark-rearing does not alter the
      elimination of synapses in central cortex, but accelerates this loss in
      peripheral cortex.

PMID- 4041922
TI  - Tenotomy decreases sympathetic neuronal survival factors in avian smooth muscle.
AB  - The expansor secundariorum of the chicken wing has a high concentration of
      survival factor activity for sympathetic neurons. The effect of tenotomy on this
      activity has been examined in newly hatched and older birds. Survival factor
      activity was assayed with dissociated embryonic neurons and found to be decreased
      after tenotomy to low levels in the newly hatched but not the older birds. No
      change in dopamine beta-hydroxylase concentration was detected, suggesting that
      tenotomy does not significantly alter impulse activity in the sympathetic
      innervation. The results are compared with findings after tenotomy in skeletal
      muscles and contrasted with increased survival factor activity produced by
      denervation of the expansor secundariorum.

PMID- 4041923
TI  - The corticomotoneuronal component of the pyramidal tract: corticomotoneuronal
      connections and functions in primates.
AB  - Corticomotoneuronal fibers make up a functional component of the pyramidal tract
      corticospinal system which is characteristic of primates. The corticomotoneuronal
      fibers include large, rapidly conducting axons. They arise from somatotopically
      arranged areas of precentral cortex and the largest concentration of pyramidal
      cells of origin in the deep part of lamina V is in area 4. Their influence is
      exerted contralaterally on the spinal cord, where monosynaptic excitation of
      spinal motoneurons occurs. Motoneurons innervating distally acting muscles are
      preferentially excited and marked convergence of corticomotoneuronal influences
      occurs on these. The excitatory post-synaptic potentials in these motoneurons are
      characterized by the property of temporal facilitation. Intraspinal divergence of
      the terminal arborizations of individual corticomotoneuronal fibers could permit
      the engagement of large populations of motoneurons and also the activation of
      excitatory and inhibitory interneurons and propriospinal neurons for that region
      of the spinal cord. Corticomotoneuronal synapses may be located more distally on
      the dendrites of motoneurons than are the monosynaptic connections from group Ia
      afferents. The corticomotoneuronal excitation has been demonstrated to be
      effective in natural functional states when the conscious animal is performing
      learned movement tasks. Abolition of corticomotoneuronal influences causes a
      permanent deficit in the fractionation of use of distal muscles and an inability
      to carry out independent movements of the fingers.

PMID- 4041924
TI  - Neonatal monosodium glutamate administration alters noradrenergic measures in the
      brainstem of the mouse.
AB  - Mice treated neonatally with MSG (4 mg/g) were compared to saline-injected
      controls on a number of neurochemical parameters of brainstem noradrenergic
      activity. MSG treatment resulted in an attenuation of brainstem norepinephrine
      (NE) decline after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine administration. Neonatal MSG
      administration did not result in alterations in the steady state levels of
      brainstem NE or MOPEG. The synthesis of NE was slightly increased in the pons
      medulla of MSG-treated mice as indexed by pargyline-induced NE accumulation. NE
      release, however, appeared diminished as reflected by a significant (p less than
      0.05) decrease in the ratio of normetanephrine to NE found in the pons-medulla of
      MSG-treated mice given pargyline. The results suggest that MSG-induced damage to
      the arcuate nucleus produces selective alterations in brainstem NE systems. These
      alterations may reflect the toxic action of MSG on the opiomelanocortin neurons
      of the arcuate nucleus or other descending systems that are damaged by MSG. The
      loss of the descending opiomelanocortin input to the brainstem could result in
      these types of neurochemical consequences since the pharmacologic action of
      opiate drugs results in a selective enhancement of brainstem NE turnover in
      rodents.

PMID- 4041925
TI  - Distribution of retinoids in different compartments of the posterior segment of
      the rabbit eye.
AB  - Using high-performance liquid chromatography, the amounts of all-trans retinol,
      retinal and retinyl palmitate were measured in the following ocular tissues and
      fluid of the light (LA) and dark adapted (DA) rabbit: cytosol and membrane
      fractions of the retina (R/C and R/M), cytosol and membrane fractions of the
      retinal pigment epithelium (RPE/C and RPE/M), subretinal fluid collected from the
      inter-photoreceptor matrix (S/R) and the matrix between apical microvilli of the
      RPE (S/RPE). The total amount of all-trans retinol extracted from LA eyes, 2.74
      nmol per eye, was ten times greater than the amount extracted from DA eyes. In
      the LA eye, most of the all-trans retinol was extracted from the membrane
      fraction of the retina (67%); in the DA eye, most of the retinol was extracted
      from the cytosol fraction of the retina (58%). In contrast, the DA eye yielded
      more all-trans retinal (9.84 nmol) than the LA eye (5.80 nmol) and most of this
      retinoid was recovered from the cytosol and membrane fractions of the retina. A
      higher amount of all-trans retinyl palmitate was recovered from the LA eye (5.88
      nmol) than the DA eye (2.02 nmol). Although most of this retinyl palmitate was
      extracted from the cytosol fraction of the RPE (45%, LA eye), appreciable amounts
      were found in all other ocular compartments. The amount of retinyl palmitate in
      the LA eye exceeded that of the DA eye in every compartment examined in the
      present study, suggesting a possible important role of retinyl esters in the
      visual cycle.

PMID- 4041926
TI  - Hypothalamic circuits involved in the regulation of seasonal and circadian
      rhythms in male golden hamsters.
AB  - Hypothalamic knife cuts were employed to investigate the pathways which mediate
      the gonadal regression induced by short-day photoperiods in male golden hamsters
      (Mesocricetus auratus). Bilateral horizontal cuts placed between the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), as well as cuts
      placed through the PVN, prevented testicular regression in animals kept on a
      photoperiod that provided only 6 hr of light/day. Identical effects were obtained
      when the cuts were placed just dorsal to the PVN. Unilateral damage or sham
      surgery failed to block gonadal regression. The entrainment of circadian rhythms
      of locomotor activity to the light-dark cycle was not affected by cuts that
      abolished the effects of photoperiod on testicular regression. The results are
      discussed in the context of current models of neural control of the pineal gland
      and melatonin production.

PMID- 4041927
TI  - Visual circadian rhythmicity in splitbrain crayfish: a plastic behavioral
      expression of symmetric circadian pacemakers.
AB  - Electroretinographic evoked potentials (ERG's) were continuously recorded in dark
      adapted, splitbrain crayfishes Procambarus bouvieri. Pulses of light (0.95 cd/m2)
      illuminating the left or the right eyes were alternatively applied every 15 or 30
      min. As compared to intact crayfish, uni or bilateral damping or suppression of
      circadian retinal sensitivity rhythm could be caused by surgical bisection of
      cerebral ganglion in these crustaceans. The damped ERG circadian rhythm was
      rapidly reversed by reduction or elimination of the test light stimulus to the
      contralateral eye. Given the redundant processing of pacemaking information
      coming from bilaterally positioned cephalic circadian pacemakers to the central
      nervous system in splitbrain crayfish, photodependent damping of ERG rhythm
      revealed a plastic potential of central circadian pacemakers. The possibility
      that a strong but reversible inhibitory influence acts simultaneously upon the
      left and right protocerebral circadian pacemakers while receiving bilateral
      photic stimulation is considered.

PMID- 4041928
TI  - Monoamine transmitter release induced by tetrahydro-beta-carboline perfused in
      hippocampus of the unrestrained rat.
AB  - Guide cannulae for unilateral push-pull perfusion were implanted stereotaxically
      to rest just dorsal to the hippocampus of the rat. On recovery, a tissue site in
      the hippocampus was double-labelled with a 1.0 microliter volume of [14C]-5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and [3H]-norepinephrine (NE). Then the site was perfused
      by means of push-pull cannulae at a rate of 25 microliters/min with an
      osmotically-balanced CSF. When tetrahydro-beta-carboline (THBC) was added to the
      CSF perfusate in a concentration of 0.5-5.0 micrograms/125 microliters, the
      pattern of efflux of both of the monoamines exhibited an increase in release
      which was either immediate or delayed depending on the concentration and site of
      the hippocampal perfusion. Further, if the interval of a sequence of repeated
      perfusions was less than one day, the efflux of either [3H]-NE or [14C]-5-HT was
      attenuated. The addition of chlordiazepoxide to the CSF perfusate in a dose of
      1.6 microgram/1.0 microliter did not affect the resting efflux of either of the
      monoamines, but did tend to reduce the THBC-induced release. A morphological
      "mapping" showed that the anatomical sites of perfusion in the hippocampus were
      homologous to those within which THBC injected locally induces anxiety-like
      behavior in the rat. Thus, it is envisaged that this beta-carboline serves to
      alter the behavior of the animal by a differential shift in the synaptic activity
      of monoamines within neurons of this limbic system structure which is implicated
      in emotional responses.

PMID- 4041929
TI  - Simultaneous recording of substantia nigra neurons and voltammetric release of
      dopamine in the caudate of behaving cats.
AB  - Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings of single dopamine-containing
      neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and the voltammetric release
      of dopamine in the caudate were made in the behaving cat. Unit activity showed no
      significant changes during sleep and small changes during active waking, while
      the release of dopamine in post-synaptic target regions of the caudate nucleus
      decreased by approximately 35% during sleep and increased approximately 50%
      during movement. These data demonstrate that recording the electrophysiological
      activity of single dopamine-containing neurons alone does not accurately reflect
      the functional state of the central dopamine system. The present study is the
      first report on the simultaneous measurement of the post-synaptic release of a
      neurotransmitter and the electrophysiological recording of neurons identified to
      contain that transmitter substance.

PMID- 4041930
TI  - Suppression of self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex after local micro
      injection of kainic acid in the rat.
AB  - The question of whether neurons versus fibers of passage in the medial prefrontal
      cortex (MPC) are essential in maintaining self-stimulation of this same area of
      the brain was examined. Rats were prepared with electrode-guide cannulae
      implanted stereotaxically to rest within MPC. A micro-injection of (KA), 10
      nmol/1.0 microliter, into the right MPC produced a clear degeneration of neuronal
      cell bodies characterized by picnocytosis and glial invasion of the tissue
      surrounding the tip of the electrode. These histopathological changes were
      correlated with a permanent abolition of self-stimulation of the right MPC. In
      contrast, self-stimulation of the contralateral side of the MPC, micro-injected
      with 0.9% NaCl vehicle as a control, was unaffected. These results suggest that
      neurons of the MPC are part of the neural substrate underlying self-stimulation
      behavior in this cortical area of the rat.

PMID- 4041931
TI  - [The effect of substance DH 1011 on vascular smooth muscle].

PMID- 4041932
TI  - [Use of apatite ceramic in stomatological implants].

PMID- 4041933
TI  - [Humidification and warming of respiratory gases in high-frequency jet pulmonary
      ventilation].

PMID- 4041934
TI  - [The effect of l-propoxyphene on experimental cough].

PMID- 4041935
TI  - [The importance of one-time aorto-arteriography in vascular surgery].

PMID- 4041936
TI  - [Appendicitis in children].

PMID- 4041937
TI  - [The importance of radiotherapy in enthesis pathology of the elbow joint].

PMID- 4041938
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma of the stomach].

PMID- 4041939
TI  - [A syndrome similar to systemic lupus erythematosus caused by penicillamine in
      patients with Wilson's disease].

PMID- 4041940
TI  - Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from burned
      patients.
AB  - We retrieved bacterial blood isolates from 397 adult burned patients admitted
      over a 7-year period. Sixty-two patients (15.6 per cent) developed true-positive
      bacterial blood cultures (judged non-contaminants), and of these 30 (48.4 per
      cent) expired. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24 isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (19)
      and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19) were the most frequent isolates. In vitro
      susceptibilities of 149 isolates were determined to 12 antibiotics (gentamicin,
      amikacin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin, cefazolin,
      cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, thienamycin and ticarcillin-clavulinic
      acid) using agar diffusion assay. Thienamycin proved the most active agent (97
      per cent of isolates susceptible). Cefoperazone was the most active cephalosporin
      (95 per cent susceptible). Twenty-eight organisms demonstrated multiple drug
      resistance; patients with such organisms had a 71 per cent mortality. Thienamycin
      was the most active agent against such isolates (27/28 susceptible).
      Susceptibilities of all 149 isolates to combinations of antibiotics were
      calculated, assuming no synergism or antagonism; some combinations of third
      generation cephalosporins with the newer penicillins may prove to be as effective
      as combinations including aminoglycosides.

PMID- 4041941
TI  - Incidence of burn wound sepsis in 600 burned patients treated in a developing
      country.
AB  - Infection is the most important problem in the treatment of burns in a developing
      country. A burn compromises a major body protective mechanism, namely the skin.
      Hence, the susceptibility to local infection increases at these sites. The
      incidence of burn wound sepsis is very high in south India as the socio-economic
      conditions and the standard of personal hygiene are poor and the hot moist
      climatic conditions encourage bacterial growth. These three factors are rarely
      present in the temperate zone countries of Europe and North America. This study
      was undertaken to identify more clearly the factors that are responsible for the
      higher incidence of burn wound infection and to formulate methods of treatment
      which are appropriate for our patient population living in a tropical country.

PMID- 4041942
TI  - Histopathological and ultrastructural change in liver tissue from burned
      patients.
AB  - Histopathological studies were made on samples of liver and spleen tissue taken
      post mortem from 59 patients with severe burns. Samples from 8 patients were also
      studied using the transmission electron microscope. The main pathological
      findings were degeneration and necrosis of hepatic cells and proliferation of
      Kupffer cells showing active phagocytosis. Their causes in relation to the time
      of death after burning and severity of injury have been discussed. The
      proliferation of Kupffer cells may be a compensatory reaction to the severe
      splenic injury seen in the patients.

PMID- 4041943
TI  - Role of escharotomy and fasciotomy as a first aid measure in the early treatment
      of an electrically burned arm and wrist.
AB  - The saving of the hand and forearm of a patient with a deep circumferential
      electrical burn of the wrist and forearm following contact with 10 000 V AC
      demonstrates the important role played by escharotomy and fasciotomy in the early
      treatment of electrically injured extremities.

PMID- 4041944
TI  - Electrical injuries due to railway high tension cables.
AB  - We have noted a large number of young boys being admitted to our Unit with burns
      due to railway high tension cables. On review of these cases we have noted: most
      of the burns were due to arcing, there is a high level of ignorance among the
      population at risk. We propose some ways of preventing these injuries.

PMID- 4041945
TI  - Burn injuries from portable butane camping stoves.
AB  - Admissions to the Wessex Regional Burns Unit for injuries sustained whilst using
      portable butane camping stoves are reviewed. There have been 31 cases of such
      injuries in the past 10 years with one fatal outcome. Most accidents occurred
      while changing the canister. The number of accidents occurring suggests that
      these stoves must be regarded as intrinsically very hazardous and that a greater
      awareness of the dangers by users is necessary.

PMID- 4041946
TI  - Intra-arterial infusions in the treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns.
AB  - Burns due to hydrofluoric acid are uncommon, but are severe injuries. The mode of
      action is discussed briefly and the routine management of these patients is
      outlined. The use of intra-arterial infusions of calcium gluconate is stressed,
      and case reports are given to support its use.

PMID- 4041947
TI  - Bandages of boiled potato peels.
AB  - The use of potato peels as a dressing for burn wounds has been reported
      previously. A technique of preparing bandage rolls with boiled potato peels is
      now presented, which makes dressing of a burn wound more convenient.

PMID- 4041948
TI  - Foetal monitoring during surgery unrelated to pregnancy.

PMID- 4041949
TI  - Spinal cord blood flow following sub-arachnoid lidocaine.
AB  - Twelve mongrel dogs were randomized into two equal groups. Cervical, thoracic and
      lumbosacral spinal cord and spinal dural blood flows were measured using the
      radioactive microsphere technique. Blood flow determinations were made prior to
      and 20 and 40 minutes following lumbar subarachnoid injection of: two per cent
      lidocaine (100 mg) or two per cent lidocaine (100 mg) with 1/25,000 epinephrine
      (200 micrograms). Dogs receiving subarachnoid lidocaine demonstrated a decrease
      in mean arterial blood pressure of 23 per cent and 14 per cent (p less than
      0.05), while dogs receiving lidocaine with epinephrine had a decrease of 38 and
      34 per cent (p less than 0.05) at 20 and 40 minutes respectively. Cardiac index
      was not significantly changed in either group. Lumbar subarachnoid lidocaine (100
      mg) produced a rapid regional dural hyperemia (observed at 20 minutes
      postinjection) and a delayed regional spinal cord hyperemia (observed at 40
      minutes postinjection) which were not observed following the addition of
      epinephrine (200 micrograms).

PMID- 4041950
TI  - Lack of effects of d-tubocurarine and pancuronium on the slow action potential of
      the guinea pig papillary muscle.
AB  - Inotropic effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants were examined with guinea
      pig ventricular papillary muscle depolarized to -47 mV in high K Ba-Tyrode
      solution. Field stimulation of 0.1 Hz elicited the slow action potential, a
      measure of the calcium current. The amplitude, the duration at 0 mV level and
      dV/dt of the action potential were monitored together with the contractile
      tension. Amelizol (3 mg X ml-1 d-tubocurarine (d-tc) and 5 mg X ml-1
      chlorobutanol) depressed the four functions in a dose-dependent manner, while
      crystalline d-tc did not. Chlorobutanol (the antimicrobial preservative) had the
      same effects as Amelizol. Neither Mioblock (2 mg X ml-1 pancuronium and
      unpublished preservative) nor crystalline pancuronium altered the functions.
      These findings suggest that the negative inotropic effect of Amelizol is not due
      to d-tc but to chlorobutanol, which may exert its effect by depressing the
      calcium current. The lack of change in the slow action potential seen with
      pancuronium may indicate no direct effect on the calcium current, thereby further
      suggesting absent direct beta-adrenomimetic action of this agent.

PMID- 4041951
TI  - Refraining from cigarette smoking before premedication does not decrease the risk
      of acid pulmonary aspiration during anaesthesia.
AB  - Seventy-four habitual smokers who had refrained overnight from cigarette smoking
      and were undergoing elective orthopedic surgery were allocated randomly to two
      groups in order to investigate the effect of smoking two cigarettes before
      premedication on volume and pH of gastric contents. The smoking group was allowed
      to smoke two cigarettes while the non-smoking group was not allowed to smoke.
      There was no significant difference in volume or pH between the groups, either
      just after intubation or prior to extubation, thus indicating no decreased risk
      of acid pulmonary aspiration because of refraining acutely from cigarette
      smoking.

PMID- 4041952
TI  - Epidural fentanyl, with and without epinephrine for post-Caesarean section
      analgesia.
AB  - Using a double-bolus technique, the efficacy and safety of epidural fentanyl with
      and without epinephrine 1:400,000 for post-Caesarean section analgesia was
      examined in 30 patients. The addition of 25 micrograms epinephrine to the
      fentanyl (100 micrograms) did not potentiate the speed of onset but did
      significantly prolong the duration of action of the second dose. The only side
      effect encountered was pruritus, which was significantly increased (from 17-44
      per cent) when epinephrine was added. The results indicate a clinical advantage
      of prolonging the duration of action of fentanyl for post-Caesarean Section
      analgesia with the addition of epinephrine, but the cumbersome and time-consuming
      nature of a double-bolus technique limits its clinical value. The relative safety
      of epidural fentanyl with and without epinephrine was confirmed by the absence of
      respiratory depression, drowsiness or hypotension in all patients.

PMID- 4041953
TI  - Foetal monitoring in parturients undergoing surgery unrelated to pregnancy.
AB  - Foetal heart rate and tocodynamic monitoring of the uterus was performed in five
      pregnant patients undergoing urgent or emergency surgery unrelated to their
      pregnancy. All received general anaesthesia with halothane or enflurane and
      nitrous oxide. The loss of beat-to-beat variation of the foetal heart rate was
      observed in all patients under general anaesthesia, and is probably normal for
      the anaesthetized foetus. Since continuous intraoperative monitoring of foetal
      heart rate in pregnant patients is technically feasible during peripheral surgery
      and during many intra-abdominal procedures, attempts should be made to monitor
      foetal heart rate in all anaesthetized parturients to assure that the anaesthetic
      is not causing foetal insult. Postoperative monitoring of uterine tone is useful
      in the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative premature labor.

PMID- 4041954
TI  - Spinal anaesthesia with meperidine as the sole agent.
AB  - Twenty male patients of ASA physical status I or II undergoing surgery of the
      perineal or inguinal areas received intrathecal meperidine in a dose of 1 mg X kg
      1 as the sole anaesthetic agent. There was sensory and motor block within ten
      minutes of intrathecal injection of meperidine and surgery was performed with
      complete analgesia. The duration of surgery was 39.7 +/- 14 (mean +/- SD)
      minutes. Prolonged postoperative analgesia was obtained and some patients did not
      require additional narcotic analgesic during the postoperative period, lasting up
      to seven days. Side effects included nausea and vomiting (six patients),
      hypotension (five patients), pruritus (five patients) and urinary retention (two
      patients). There was no early or late respiratory depression. It is concluded
      that intrathecal meperidine in a dose of 1 mg X kg-1 is effective as the sole
      agent for spinal anaesthesia and produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. It
      offers an advantage for such painful operations as haemorrhoidectomy and anal
      fissurectomy where its prolonged analgesic effect is desirable. It could also
      serve as an alternative agent for spinal anaesthesia when a local anaesthetic is
      not available.

PMID- 4041955
TI  - Blood glucose control by an artificial endocrine pancreas in a patient with
      phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - In a patient with phaeochromocytoma who presented with unstable diabetes
      mellitus, an artificial endocrine pancreas was used intraoperatively. Anaesthetic
      agents included enflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen. Nicardipine was used to
      control hypertensive episodes. The initial blood glucose concentration was 173 mg
      X dl-1 and it decreased to 110 mg X dl-1 in response to insulin infusion, but
      plasma catecholamines were markedly increased. Seventy minutes later, the glucose
      concentration increased progressively to 249 mg X dl-1 despite massive insulin
      infusion, maximally 5.64 mU X kg-1 X min-1. The blood glucose concentration
      reached a peak at the time of the ligation of the venous drainage from the tumour
      and the peak was coincident with that of plasma catecholamine levels
      (epinephrine: 20.8 ng X ml-1, norepinephrine 16.4 ng X ml-1). Both glucose and
      catecholamine concentrations decreased promptly after removal of the tumour and
      hypotension followed likely because of a persistent vasodilatatory effect of
      nicardipine. The profiles of blood glucose, insulin and glucose infusion rates
      provided by the artificial endocrine pancreas suggested that the insulin
      resistance began to be reversed shortly after removal of the phaeochromocytoma.

PMID- 4041956
TI  - Anaesthetic implications of nemaline rod myopathy.
AB  - Nemaline rod myopathy is an inherited congenital myopathy first described in
      1963. Affected patients characteristically present in infancy with a non
      progressive hypotonia and symmetrical muscle weakness. The disease affects all
      skeletal muscles including the diaphragm with sparing of cardiac and other
      muscle. Facial dysmorphism is common as are skeletal deformities, including
      kyphosis, scoliosis and pectus excavatum. We present two sisters with nemaline
      rod myopathy and their anaesthetic management for scoliosis surgery. Facial
      dysmorphism was a feature of both cases. Preoperatively, both patients
      demonstrated poor respiratory function on pulmonary function testing. Both cases
      were successfully managed using controlled ventilation and inhalational
      anaesthetic agents, avoiding muscle relaxants. Postoperatively, there were no
      respiratory complications. Although one case report describes the use of
      succinylcholine and pancuronium in a patient with nemaline rod myopathy, we feel
      that neuromuscular blocking agents should be avoided where possible and only used
      with careful monitoring.

PMID- 4041957
TI  - Use of a modified Doppler flow detector for percutaneous cannulation of the
      internal jugular vein.
AB  - To lessen the risks associated with cannulation of the internal jugular vein, a
      method to identify the contours of the carotid artery and internal jugular vein
      at the site of cannulation is proposed. This method uses a doppler flow detector
      equipped with an adjustable electronic filter which selectively enhances the
      sound component due either to the arterial or venous flow. This method has been
      applied clinically and was found to be useful in the identification of the
      vessels. Since doppler flow detectors are readily available in many hospitals and
      the required modification is simple, we hope that other institutions will find
      this technique useful in their clinical practice.

PMID- 4041958
TI  - Availability of dantrolene in Canadian hospitals.

PMID- 4041959
TI  - Hyperventilation does not affect the incidence of paresthesiae and blood vessel
      cannulation during epidural catheter insertion.

PMID- 4041960
TI  - N,N'-Ethylene-bis(iodoacetamide) as a probe for structural and functional
      characteristics of brine shrimp, squid, and bovine tubulins.
AB  - We have developed a simple probe for certain functionally significant features of
      the tubulin molecule. When bovine brain tubulin is treated with N,N'-ethylene
      bis(iodoacetamide) (EBI), two intrachain cross-links, designated beta s and beta
      *, are formed in beta-tubulin, each one with a unique effect on the
      electrophoretic mobility of beta on gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate.
      Formation of the beta * cross-link, which involves at least one assembly-critical
      sulfhydryl, is completely inhibited by colchicine and its congeners, while that
      of beta s is inhibited completely by maytansine and GTP and partly by
      vinblastine. To see how conserved this complex pattern is in evolution we
      examined tubulins from the brine shrimp Artemia and the squid Loligo. In both
      tubulins EBI forms the beta * cross-link in a reaction inhibitable by colchicine,
      podophyllotoxin, and nocodazole. In each tubulin, EBI appears to form a second
      intrachain cross-link in a reaction that can be inhibited completely by
      maytansine and GTP and partly by vinblastine. In Artemia, this cross-link alters
      the electrophoretic mobility to a slightly smaller extent than is the case for
      beta s in bovine brain, but in Loligo the alteration is much greater. It seems
      that the ligand-binding sites, the critical sulfhydryls, and their spatial
      interrelationships are strongly conserved and that the beta s sulfhydryls or the
      sequence between them are less strongly conserved in evolution.

PMID- 4041961
TI  - Genetic and biochemical studies with mutants of mammalian cells affected in
      microtubule-related proteins other than tubulin: mitochondrial localization of a
      microtubule-related protein.
AB  - In Chinese hamster ovary cells, stable mutants exhibiting specific resistance or
      collateral sensitivity towards the various microtubule inhibitors
      podophyllotoxin, colchicine, griseofulvin, taxol, nocodazole, vinblastine, and
      maytansine have been isolated. A number of independent mutants selected for
      resistance to podophyllotoxin and colchicine contain electrophoretically altered
      forms of two proteins, P1 and P2, of relative molecular masses of approximately
      63 000 and 69 000, respectively. The proteins P1 and P2 have been shown to be
      microtubule related by a number of different genetic and biochemical criteria and
      are among the major proteins of Chinese hamster ovary cells, being present in
      approximately equimolar amounts with tubulin. In addition, a griseofulvin
      resistant mutant contains a novel mutation (presumably nonsense) which reduces
      the relative molecular mass of a protein, P5 (relative mass congruent to 200
      000), by about 20 000. Specific antibodies to protein P1 have been raised and
      cross-reactivity studies show that a similar protein is also present in cells
      from all vertebrate species examined, viz. man, monkey, mouse, Chinese hamster,
      Syrian hamster, and chicken. Immunofluorescence studies with anti-P1 and anti
      tubulin antibodies show that, in interphase cells from various species, the P1
      antibody reacts specifically with mitochondria whose overall cellular
      distribution is strikingly similar to the distribution of microtubules. The
      mitochondrial localization of the microtubule-related protein P1 provides strong
      suggestive evidence regarding the existence of a chemical and functional linkage
      between these two structures, with protein P1 playing an important role in this
      linkage. Some implication of these results are discussed and it is suggested that
      mitochondria play an important role in the dynamics of microtubules.

PMID- 4041962
TI  - Maytansine-resistant mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells with an alteration in
      alpha-tubulin.
AB  - Mutant clones of Chinese hamster ovary cells resistant to killing by the Vinca
      alkaloid maytansine have been isolated using a single-step procedure. These
      mutants are threefold more resistant to killing by the drug than the wild-type
      parent. The majority of the clones (30 to 34) probably contain alterations in
      membrane permeability based on their cross-resistance to an unrelated drug,
      puromycin. Two of the four puromycin-sensitive clones were found to contain
      "extra" spots which migrated close to alpha-tubulin on two-dimensional gels. The
      "extra" spots were shown to be electrophoretic variants of alpha-tubulin with an
      identical two-dimensional tryptic peptide map to that of the wild-type alpha
      tubulin. The alpha-tubulin mutants were cross-resistant to other microtubule
      disrupting drugs such as griseofulvin, vinblastine, and colcemid, but were more
      sensitive to the microtubule-stabilizing agent taxol than the wild-type parental
      cells. Mutant--wild-type hybrids were found to be resistant to levels of
      maytansine intermediate between the lethal doses for mutant and wild-type cells.
      A possible explanation for the drug resistance of these mutants is discussed.

PMID- 4041963
TI  - Elongation of cytoplasmic processes during gametic mating: models for actin-based
      motility.
AB  - The acrosomal processes of Thyone and Limulus sperm and the fertilization tubule
      of mt+ gametes of Chlamydomonas are interesting models for actin-based motility.
      Each is a long thin process that elongates rapidly and contains a core of actin
      filaments having uniform polarity: arrowheads formed by myosin subfragments point
      toward the base of the processes. In Limulus, directed outgrowth of the acrosomal
      process is achieved by a rearrangement in the packing of superhelically coiled
      actin filaments that form during spermatogenesis. In contrast, outgrowth of the
      acrosomal process in Thyone and the fertilization tubule in Chlamydomonas is
      accompanied by actin polymerization. Both Thyone and Chlamydomonas possess
      structures, the actomere and the doublet zone, respectively, that serve as
      microfilament organizing centers, nucleating actin polymerization and defining
      the polarity of the growing filaments. Alkalinization of the cytoplasm may
      promote polymerization of actin in Thyone, whereas an apparent rise in the
      intracellular Ca2+ concentration is associated with the transmission of
      intracellular signals during mating in Chlamydomonas. Further examination of
      these three actin-based motile systems should provide new insights into the
      assembly of the actin cytoskeleton, a process critical for many forms of
      nonmuscle cellular motility.

PMID- 4041964
TI  - Nuclear RNA-associated proteins and their relationship to the nuclear matrix and
      related structures in HeLa cells.
AB  - The ultrastructure and the polypeptide composition of residual nuclear
      substructures including nuclear matrices, nuclear ghosts, and residual envelopes
      were investigated by means of electron microscopy and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. Nuclear matrices were prepared by digesting isolated nuclei with
      DNase I alone, followed by high-salt extraction in 2 M NaCl. Nuclear ghosts were
      obtained by high-salt extraction of nuclei previously digested with DNase and
      RNase in MgCl2-containing buffers. To prepare residual envelopes, nuclei were
      first digested with RNase in the presence of EDTA, then digested with Mg2+ 
      activated DNase I, and extracted in 2 M NaCl. The results of this comparative
      study support the conclusion that the intranuclear matrix is made of two distinct
      RNA-containing elements. One of these elements appears on ultrathin sections as a
      thin fibrillar network. It disappears from RNase-digested nuclei, together with
      numerous basic proteins, whatever the conditions of digestion. Although this
      element is present in extranucleolar territories, it is a major component of
      residual nucleoli. The second element appears as coarse-beaded fibers absent from
      the nucleolar areas. Its preservation in residual nuclear substructures depends
      on the presence of Mg2+ ions during RNase digestion of nuclei. It is enriched in
      two minor basic proteins of relative mass 49 000 and 70 000. The involvement of
      this fibrogranular element in heterogeneous nuclear RNA attachment to the nuclear
      matrix is discussed.

PMID- 4041965
TI  - An association between replicating adenovirus DNA and the nuclear matrix of
      infected HeLa cells.
AB  - An association between newly synthesized human adenovirus type 5 DNA and the
      nuclear matrix of infected HeLa cells is described. Adenovirus-infected cells
      were pulsed labeled with [3H]thymidine late in infection and the nuclear matrix
      was prepared. After a 1-min pulse more than 95% of the labeled viral DNA was
      matrix associated and, when compared with total cell DNA, was resistant to DNase
      I digestion. When the pulse is longer or is followed by a chase period, the viral
      DNA remains nuclear matrix associated and less nuclease sensitive than bulk
      cellular DNA. The resistance to nuclease digestion may result from the close
      association of viral DNA with the nuclear matrix or could be due to a number of
      viral-specific proteins which are nuclear matrix associated. It is concluded that
      viral DNA synthesis occurs in association with the nuclear matrix and the newly
      synthesized DNA remains matrix associated until it is incorporated into a mature
      virus particle.

PMID- 4041966
TI  - Studies on lectins. LIX. Isolation and properties of lectins from fruiting bodies
      of Xerocomus chrysenteron and Lactarius lignyotus.
AB  - The lectins of fruiting bodies of Xerocomus chrysenteron and Lactarius lignyotus
      were purified on Sepharose 4B containing immobilized fetuin. Both lectins
      agglutinate human erythrocytes nonspecifically at limit concentrations of 15
      micrograms/mL. Their erythroagglutinating activities are not inhibited by simple
      sugars; desialyzed fetuin, desialyzed glycoprotein from edible bird's nest, and
      desialyzed mucin from porcine submaxillary glands are the most effective
      inhibitors.

PMID- 4041967
TI  - Mammalian lymphocytes: stress-induced synthesis of heat-shock proteins in vitro
      and in vivo.
AB  - Mammalian (human, mouse, and rabbit) white blood cells (lymphocytes) maintained
      in culture respond to a brief incubation at an elevated temperature (at or above
      41 degrees C) by (i) the new and (or) enhanced synthesis of a small number of
      proteins (the so-called heat-shock proteins; HSPs) having molecular masses of
      approximately 110 000, 100 000, 90 000, 70 000, 65 000, and 26 000 daltons and
      (ii) the depressed synthesis of proteins normally made at 37 degrees C. The HSPs
      synthesized in culture by human, rabbit, and mouse (peripheral and splenic)
      lymphocytes are similar in number, molecular mass, and distribution on two
      dimensional (isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide)
      electrophoretic gels to those synthesized in vivo by lymphocytes in hyperthermic
      mice. Since the level of hyperthermia used to induce HSP synthesis in mouse
      lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo is of a magnitude (41 degrees C) also used to
      promote thermotolerance in mice and is similar to temperatures attained during
      febrile episodes in rabbits and in humans, we suggest that the in vitro and in
      vivo synthesis of HSPs by mouse lymphocytes, demonstrated in this study,
      represents a relevant, physiological response which mammalian lymphocytes may
      normally use to survive periods of thermal stress.

PMID- 4041968
TI  - Effects of cytochalasin B on steroid-induced oocyte meiosis and centrifugally
      induced nuclear movement in the goldfish Carassius auratus.
AB  - In goldfish, 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP) induced oocyte nucleus
      or germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and dissolution (GVD) in a dose-related
      fashion. Administration of cytochalasin B (CB) in the presence of DHP inhibited
      the steroid-induced GVM and GVD after 24 and 48 h of incubation. The presence of
      CB alone, at concentrations below 25 micrograms/mL, had no effect on GVM or GVD.
      Furthermore, CB, either alone or in combination with DHP, elicited significant
      increases in follicular diameter after 24 and 48 h of incubation. To test the
      effect of CB on ooplasmic viscoelasticity, fully grown follicles were centrifuged
      and the centrifugally induced germinal vesicle (GV) displacement was determined.
      Pretreatment (24 h) of follicles with high doses of CB (25 and 50 micrograms/mL)
      increased the movement of GV in a centripetal direction. However, at lower
      concentrations (0.005-5 micrograms/mL), CB treatment was without an effect on the
      centrifugally induced GV movement in the oocyte. The present study suggests
      involvement of microfilaments or other cytoskeletal components, sensitive to CB,
      in the mechanisms of GVM and GVD in goldfish oocytes. In addition, a simple
      technique has been described for testing ooplasmic viscoelasticity determined by
      movement of the GV under a centrifugal force.

PMID- 4041969
TI  - On the interaction between 5-hydroxytryptamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid under
      aqueous conditions.
AB  - A complex designated 5-HT-NeuAc was formed between 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and
      N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) under aqueous conditions. Complex formation was
      encouraged by exposure to light (3000-3800 A; 1 A = 0.1 nm) and freeze-drying and
      the freeze-dried complex was isolated by gel filtration chromatography. Although
      stable to rechromatography on Bio-Gel P-2 if H2O was the eluent, 5-HT-NeuAc
      dissociated into the free components when placed in 0.1 M NaCl. Chemical analyses
      of the isolated complex showed that an equimolar amount of 5-HT and NeuAc was
      present and that all group functions were intact; these data suggested that the
      association between 5-HT and NeuAc was noncovalent. Spectrophotometric
      measurements demonstrated a small increase (approximately 12%) in extinction
      coefficient (275 nm) and a large increase (340- to 440-fold) in fluorescence
      emission (340 nm) compared with 5-HT alone. Data obtained from 1H nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy (250 MHz) of 5-HT and NeuAc standards compared
      closely to published reports. In comparison, measurements made with 5-HT-NeuAc
      showed that all 5-HT protons were slightly deshielded; of the NeuAc protons,
      slight deshielding of H8 and significant shielding of H3eq, H3ax, and H6 was
      observed. From these observations, a model describing the association between 5
      HT and NeuAc is proposed.

PMID- 4041970
TI  - Hypereosinophilic syndrome in cats: a report of three cases.
AB  - The clinical, clinicopathological and pathological findings in three cats with
      hypereosinophilic syndrome are described. The cats chosen for the study had
      marked eosinophilia and evidence of tissue infiltration by eosinophils.
      Necropsies were performed on two cats, biopsy and blood samples were provided for
      the third cat. At necropsy, there was diffuse reddening of femoral bone marrow
      with ulceration and thickening of the duodenum. The livers had an enhanced
      lobular pattern with multiple, white, 1-3 mm nodules throughout the parenchyma.
      One cat had splenomegaly and the other had several enlarged, white, firm lymph
      nodes. Histopathologically, there was eosinophil infiltration of intestine, lymph
      nodes, liver, spleen, adrenal medulla and beneath the endocardium.
      Ultrastructurally, the eosinophils from lymph node and bone marrow of cat II were
      morphologically normal. The rigid criteria for eosinophilic leukemia were not
      fulfilled by these cases and the etiology of the eosinophilia in each case is not
      known. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 4041971
TI  - Interrelationships between ambient temperature, age at calving, postpartum
      reproductive events and reproductive performance in dairy cows: a path analysis.
AB  - Path analysis was used to determine the interrelationships between ambient
      temperature, age at calving, postpartum reproductive events and reproductive
      performance in dairy cows. The data used in the analysis were collected on 226
      Holstein-Friesian cows calving in a commercial dairy herd during a 17 month
      period (May 1, 1981 to October 1, 1982). The data were obtained from a double
      blind study evaluating the effects of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and
      cloprostenol in postpartum cows. Rectal palpation to assess uterine involution
      and ovarian activity was performed on each cow on days 15, 24 and 28 postpartum.
      At the same time, blood samples were collected for subsequent progesterone assay.
      Data were recorded on the occurrence of reproductive diseases and events from the
      time of parturition until the diagnosis of pregnancy or until the cow left the
      herd in the case of culled cows. There was an increase in the incidence of
      retained placenta, in the percentage of cows with abnormal vaginal discharge in
      the early postpartum period as well as a delay in uterine involution during the
      winter months. In addition, cows calving during the winter had prolonged
      intervals to first estrus, first service and conception compared to cows calving
      during the summer. (Cows calving during the warmest months, on average, were seen
      in estrus 24 days sooner, received first service 42 days sooner and conceived 27
      days sooner than cows calving during the coldest months of the year).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4041972
TI  - Salmonellae and salmonellosis in captive reptiles.
AB  - In a survey of 150 pet reptiles submitted for necropsy, 51% of snakes, 48% of
      lizards and 7% of turtles were infected with Salmonella. About one third of the
      positive animals had died due to various manifestations of salmonellosis. Thirty
      one Salmonella serotypes were identified including three isolates new to Canada.
      The public health implications are discussed in view of the restricted popularity
      of reptiles and their possible infection from domestic agricultural products.

PMID- 4041973
TI  - Sequential morphological and quantitative changes in blood and bone marrow
      neutrophils in dogs with acute inflammation.
AB  - Blood and bone marrow morphology were studied sequentially in dogs during
      experimental inflammation induced by intramuscular injection of turpentine.
      Depletion of the bone marrow storage pool of mature neutrophils and an increase
      in mitotic activity and number of early granulocyte precursors were evident
      within 24 hours. During the next three days, intense granulocytic hyperplasia
      resulted in replenishment of the bone marrow storage pool. Neutrophils with foamy
      vacuolation and increased basophilia of the cytoplasm (toxic neutrophils) were
      present in the blood by eight hours postinjection. The number of toxic
      neutrophils paralleled the intensity of clinical signs and changes in rectal
      temperature but not the number of band neutrophils. This indicates that changes
      in number of toxic neutrophils in sequential leukograms can be a prognostic
      indicator in dogs with severe inflammation.

PMID- 4041974
TI  - The concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium in the hair of newborn
      piglets and their dams.
AB  - Instrumental neutron activation analysis was employed to determine the levels of
      certain trace elements in the hair of newborn piglets and their dams. The mean
      concentrations (mumoles/mg) of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium in the
      neonatal piglet hair samples were 222 +/- 55, 4940 +/- 1728, 12.7 +/- 17.1 and
      8.9 +/- 5.5, respectively, and in sow hair samples the mean concentrations
      (mumoles/mg) were 156 +/- 22, 5124 +/- 1927, 31.7 +/- 22.2 and 6.5 +/- 3.7,
      respectively. The mean copper level was higher (p less than 0.05) in piglet hair
      compared with sow hair. However the mean concentration of manganese was lower (p
      less than 0.05) in piglet hair. There was no relationship between the trace
      mineral levels found in the piglets' hair and the dams' hair. The levels of
      copper, zinc, manganese and selenium found in piglet hair were shown to be
      unrelated to the piglet body weight. The feasibility of using porcine hair as a
      practical biopsy material for trace element analysis is discussed.

PMID- 4041975
TI  - Piglet blood glutathione peroxidase levels and preweaning mortality.
AB  - The blood glutathione peroxidase levels of one day old piglets from 22 litters
      were examined. Body weight and piglet survival were monitored in order to assess
      the relationship between these two factors and blood glutathione peroxidase
      activity. The mean blood glutathione peroxidase level of one day old piglets (65
      mu/gHb) was significantly lower (p0.001) than the mean level (85 mu/gHb) at
      weaning. The mean blood glutathione peroxidase activity of one day old piglets
      was not related to the size of the litter, but was related (p less than 0.1) to
      the mean litter blood glutathione peroxidase level at weaning time. Piglet blood
      glutathione peroxidase was not related to piglet body weight. The blood
      glutathione peroxidase level of the sows at one-day post-farrowing was not
      related to the mean blood glutathione peroxidase activity of their litters at one
      day of age but was correlated (p less than 0.1) with the mean blood glutathione
      peroxidase levels of their litters at weaning. Piglet viability was shown to be
      strongly correlated (p less than 0.001) with body weight at one day of age. The
      blood glutathione peroxidase level of one day old piglets was weakly associated
      (p less than 0.1) with piglet survival. Further work is required to clarify this
      latter observation, which suggests that selenium supplementation to newborn
      piglets may be beneficial regardless of the dams nutritional status.

PMID- 4041976
TI  - Pathology of acute 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol toxicity in mice.
AB  - Mice were killed 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours after intragastrical
      administration of 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg body weight of 3
      acetyldeoxynivalenol. The animals became clinically ill after 12 hours and some
      animals in the highest dose group died. Histological examination of duodenal
      crypts, thymus and spleen revealed, in all dose groups, presence of the
      characteristic lesions that are known to be produced by trichothecenes, but the
      intensity of lesions in the 40 mg group corresponded to lesions known to be
      caused by 4 mg/kg of T-2 toxin. A rabbit skin bioassay with 3
      acetyldeoxynivalenol gave negative results on one occasion and a mild reaction to
      100 to 500 micrograms/mL on another. It is concluded that 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol
      is considerably less toxic than T-2 toxin, but causes acute effects in the
      dividing cells of the body in a manner characteristic of trichothecenes.

PMID- 4041977
TI  - Tracheal versus pulmonary deposition and clearance of inhaled Pasteurella
      haemolytica or Staphylococcus aureus in mice.
AB  - The aim of this investigation was to do a comparative study on the deposition and
      clearance of inhaled bacteria between the lungs and tracheae of mice exposed to
      aerosols of bacteria. Two hundred and eighty-eight mice were divided into four
      groups (n = 72) and exposed to aerosols of Pasteurella haemolytica or
      Staphylococcus aureus in four replicates. The numbers of bacteria were determined
      in the trachea and lungs of mice sacrificed 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours
      postexposure. Results indicated that bacterial deposition was greater in lungs
      than in tracheae. No significant (p greater than 0.05) difference was observed
      between P. haemolytica and S. aureus clearance rates. Although bacteria were
      rapidly eliminated from the whole respiratory tract, bacterial clearance was
      significantly (p less than 0.002) faster in tracheae than lungs. A significant (p
      less than 0.05) replicate effect was also observed.

PMID- 4041979
TI  - The sensitivity and specificity of postbreeding plasma progesterone levels as a
      pregnancy test for dairy cows.
AB  - Plasma progesterone levels on day 4 and day 8 postbreeding were measured for one
      hundred and eighty-four dairy cows. These two parameters (PPD4, PPD8), their
      absolute difference (PPDIFF) and their ratio (PPRATIO) were assessed for their
      ability to identify cows not conceiving, using the principles of sensitivity and
      specificity. PPD4 was significantly higher (p less than 0.10) and PPD8, PPDIFF
      and PPRATIO were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in cows remaining open
      than in pregnant cows. Evaluating each parameter separately, PPDIFF greater than
      3.00 units had the highest specificity, 85.7%, but a low sensitivity (27.0%).
      Combining two parameters using series interpretation to increase specificity
      resulted in the best combination of specificity (87%) and sensitivity (27%).
      Maximum specificity was 97% for PPD4 less than or equal to 1.00 units and PPD8
      greater than 4.00 units, and also for PPD4 less than or equal to 1.00 units and
      PPDIFF greater than 3.00 units, but sensitivity was very low (7% and 10%
      respectively). Predictive values of the test results with the best specificity
      were evaluated; given the population pregnancy rate of 54%, none exceeded 50%,
      indicating that the plasma progesterone parameters were not very useful for
      identifying open dairy cows.

PMID- 4041978
TI  - Pulmonary recruitment of neutrophils and bacterial clearance in mice inoculated
      with aerosols of Pasteurella haemolytica or Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Pulmonary alveolar macrophages are considered to be the main phagocytic cell of
      the pulmonary defense mechanism. However recent studies indicate that neutrophils
      may also participate in the defense against inhaled bacteria. The aim of this
      investigation was to study in mice the correlation between numbers of phagocytic
      cells in the bronchoalveolar space and the pulmonary clearance of bacteria. White
      mice were exposed to aerosols of Pasteurella haemolytica (n = 129) or
      Staphylococcus aureus (n = 129) in three different experimental replicates.
      Another group of mice (n = 22) was sham exposed to an aerosol of sterile
      phosphate buffered solution in a single replicate. Animals were sacrificed at
      various times postaerosolization. The numbers of neutrophils and alveolar
      macrophages in lung lavages and the pulmonary bacterial clearance rates were
      determined and statistically analysed. No significant differences (p greater than
      0.05) were observed in the rates of pulmonary clearance between the two genera of
      bacteria, but P. haemolytica had a significant (p less than 0.05) replicate
      effect. The number of alveolar macrophages was not significantly affected by
      either bacteria or phosphate buffered solution. Exposure to P. haemolytica
      resulted in dramatic, significant (p less than 0.01) but transient increases in
      neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar space as well as a significant (p less than
      0.01) increase in the weights of lung. The correlation between neutrophils and
      clearance was positive for P. haemolytica but negative for S. aureus. These
      results indicate that both species of bacteria are rapidly eliminated from the
      lung despite a rather different cellular response.

PMID- 4041980
TI  - Intraocular penetration of netilmicin.
AB  - The intraocular penetration of the aminoglycoside netilmicin following
      intramuscular and subconjunctival injection was studied in 102 patients
      undergoing elective cataract surgery. Those who received either a single 1.5
      mg/kg intramuscular injection or two 1.5-mg/kg injections 6 hours apart
      subsequently had therapeutic serum levels but aqueous levels of less than 2.4
      micrograms/mL. Those who received a subconjunctival injection of either 12.5 or
      25 mg of netilmicin subsequently had aqueous levels of up to 36 or 85.6
      micrograms/mL; therapeutic levels in the anterior chamber persisted for 7 to 9
      hours, with higher levels following the 25-mg injection. Despite wide variation
      in the aqueous levels following subconjunctival injection the ocular penetration
      of netilmicin was comparable to that reported for other aminoglycosides. No major
      complications were associated with the use of this antibiotic by either route.

PMID- 4041981
TI  - Ocular and oculodermal melanocytosis.
AB  - Thirty-three cases of ocular (27) or oculodermal (6) melanocytosis were reviewed
      to determine the ocular structures involved by the melanocytic hyperpigmentation.
      The hyperpigmentation was clinically documented to involve all quadrants of the
      eye in the majority of the subjects; however, nine persons had sectorial
      involvement. The choroid and episclera were involved diffusely or sectorially in
      all the subjects, and the anterior chamber angle and iris were involved in most
      cases. The conjunctiva, lens and optic disc were less frequently involved. Ten
      persons had a uveal malignant melanoma in the hyperpigmented eye, and in three of
      the cases the melanoma had arisen in the hyperpigmented sector. Melanocytic
      involvement of the trabecular meshwork was not clinically correlated with
      elevated intraocular pressure.

PMID- 4041982
TI  - Electron microscopic study of toxicity of intravitreal injections of gentamicin
      in primates.
AB  - Seven eyes of four young adult cynomolgus monkeys were injected intravitreally
      with 0.4 mg of gentamicin. One eye was enucleated after 1 day, and two eyes were
      enucleated after 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month. The control eye received an
      intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL of saline and was enucleated after 1 week. All
      the eyes underwent electroretinography and ophthalmoscopy before and after
      treatment. No differences were detected by these techniques or by light and
      electron microscopy between the experimental eyes and the control.

PMID- 4041983
TI  - Phthisis bulbi after intraocular lens implantation in a child.
AB  - A 4-year-old boy with trisomy 21 and a congenital cataract underwent cataract
      extraction and implantation of an iris-supported intraocular lens (IOL). Four
      years later the implant dislocated anteriorly and had to be removed. Now, 11
      years postoperatively, the eye is blind, painful and shrunken. IOL implantation
      in infants and children is theoretically justified to preserve vision, reduce
      amblyopia and preserve fusion. The use of modern posterior chamber IOLs,
      especially when implanted in the lens capsular bag (if technically feasible),
      could reduce the risk of complications. However, until further data are
      accumulated, a conservative approach is warranted.

PMID- 4041984
TI  - Sugar uptake into a primary culture of dog kidney proximal tubular cells.
AB  - We describe the functional characteristics of a new primary culture system
      derived from a suspension of dog proximal tubular cells. The culture system is
      maintained on alpha minimal essential medium with 15% fetal calf serum
      supplementation. At confluency the cultured cells demonstrate the following: (i)
      typical epithelial morphology using light microscopy, with multiple dome
      formation inhibited by ouabain; (ii) strong binding with a polyclonal antibody
      directed against dog proximal tubular brush border membrane antigens; (iii) high
      concentration of alkaline phosphatase activity by histochemical staining; and
      (iv) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3)-24-hydroxylase activity. Sugar
      transport was assessed using alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (alpha MG), a
      nonmetabolizable analog of D-glucose, as well as L-glucose, and 3-O-methyl-D
      glucose (3OMG). The transport of alpha MG was stereospecific; temperature
      sensitive; inhibited strongly by phlorizin but not by cytochalasin B, phloretin,
      or 3OMG; and Na dependent. The transport of 3OMG is stereospecific, temperature
      sensitive, and inhibited strongly by phloretin and cytochalasin B, but not by
      phlorizin. Despite the apparent heterogeneity of cell type, this primary culture
      system exhibits many features of normal dog proximal tubule function.

PMID- 4041985
TI  - The conditioning effect of large doses of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs.
AB  - The influence of prolonged exposure of guinea pigs to excessive ascorbic acid
      (AA) on the outcome of pregnancy, as well as the adaptive effect of the vitamin
      either during preweanling life or following weaning, were examined. Continuous
      exposure to AA (1 mg/mL drinking water) from the time they were first mated up to
      the time of second pregnancy, had no significant effect on the number of
      offspring and on their weights at birth, when compared with that of the animals
      receiving 0.1 mg AA/mL drinking water. However, change in AA intake from 1 to 0.1
      mg/mL drinking water, at the age of 21 days, resulted in a significant loss in
      body weight and reductions in the plasma, leukocyte, and adrenal concentrations
      of AA, as compared with those of the pair-fed animals receiving 0.1 mg/mL
      drinking water throughout. The present study also indicated that the conditioning
      effect is less pronounced in guinea pigs when exposed to the high AA following
      weanling age than in utero.

PMID- 4041986
TI  - Postabsorption antidotal effects of N-acetylcysteine on acetaminophen-induced
      hepatotoxicity in the mouse.
AB  - Male Swiss Webster mice, treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 500 mg/kg po) 1 h
      following acetaminophen (NAPA, 350 mg/kg po) administration, had control levels
      of transaminases indicating that NAC protects against NAPA-induced hepatotoxicity
      by postabsorption antidotal mechanism(s). Hepatic congestion induced by NAPA was
      reduced by NAC. Significantly higher elimination rate constants (K) for
      indocyanine green (500 micrograms/kg, iv) in mice treated with NAPA and NAC (K =
      0.676 +/- 0.062) than in animals receiving NAPA alone (0.341 +/- 0.105) suggested
      NAC improved or preserved the hepatic circulation of the compromised liver. This
      NAC-induced improvement and (or) preservation of hepatic circulation was
      reflected in biliary and urinary excretion of acetaminophen and its metabolites
      by a general increase in elimination during the first 6 h (70.2 +/- 2.6 vs. 32.6
      +/- 7.1%), and in the repletion of glutathione (GSH) in the liver by a return to
      control levels more quickly (3 vs. greater than 5 h) following depletion by NAPA.
      The metabolic consequences of the postabsorption antidotal effect of NAC in the
      compromised liver was a preferential excretion of sulphydryl-derived metabolites
      in the 1-4 h bile (GSH conjugate 11.30 +/- 1.25 vs. 7.25 +/- 0.39%) which was
      subsequently observed in the urine by preferential excretion of glutathione
      degradation products.

PMID- 4041987
TI  - A comparative study of the inhibition of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenases in the
      rat by methyltetrazolethiol, calcium carbimide, and disulfiram.
AB  - Methyltetrazolethiol (1-methyl-5-mercapto-1,2,3,4-tetrazole, MTT) is a
      heterocyclic substituent of the cephalosporin antibiotics, cefamandole,
      cefoperazone, and moxalactam. Pretreatment of rats with MTT has been reported to
      increase blood acetaldehyde concentration after ethanol administration. The time
      course of MTT-induced inhibition of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) was
      determined in adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats in comparison with the hepatic ALDH
      inhibition induced by calcium carbimide (calcium cyanamide, CC) and disulfiram
      (D). The apparent onset of maximal inhibition of hepatic low Km ALDH occurred at
      2 h for 50 mg/kg MTT (subcutaneous, s.c.) and 7 mg/kg CC (oral) and at 24 h for
      300 mg/kg D (oral). The relative magnitude of maximal inhibition of low Km ALDH
      was CC greater than D greater than MTT. The relative duration of enzyme
      inhibition was D greater than MTT greater than CC. High Km ALDH was only
      inhibited by CC. Hepatic low Km ALDH was selectively inhibited by s.c. and oral
      administration of 125 mg/kg MTT. For s.c. administration of 125 mg/kg MTT, the
      magnitude of maximal enzyme inhibition and the duration of inhibition were
      greater than for the 50 mg/kg dose. Oral administration of 125 mg/kg MTT produced
      similar inhibition of hepatic low Km ALDH compared with s.c. administration of
      the same dose. The time course of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations
      was determined for the intravenous infusion of two 0.3-g/kg doses of ethanol to
      rats that were pretreated orally with saline (1 h), MTT (125 mg/kg, 2 h), or CC
      (7 mg/kg, 1 h). The relative increase in blood acetaldehyde concentration
      compared with saline pretreatment was CC greater than MTT. The elimination of
      ethanol from blood was slower in the MTT- and CC-pretreated animals, and this
      effect was more pronounced for CC pretreatment. Overall, the data demonstrate
      that the characteristics of hepatic ALDH inhibition for MTT are different from
      those of the known ALDH inhibitors, CC and D.

PMID- 4041988
TI  - The effect of growth hormone on biogenic amines in the hepatic portal circulation
      of the dog.
AB  - The effects of a spike concentration of growth hormone (GH) on hepatic portal and
      peripheral levels of free serotonin and catecholamines were studied by improved
      radioenzymatic methods in trained, conscious, normal, adult dogs fitted with an
      indwelling portal catheter. An injection of ovine GH (6 or 100 micrograms/kg)
      into a cephalic vein produced in the hepatic portal circulation a transient,
      statistically significant rise of serotonin and a concomitant significant
      reduction in the concentration of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. No
      change was found in the peripheral circulation, partly because the amines were
      conjugated to sulfates and glucuronides and these derivatives are not detectable
      by our assays. Thus, a pulse of GH not only stimulates the release of pancreatic
      hormones and glucose turnover, but also affects the portal profile of
      glucoregulatory bioamines. The present investigation lends further support to our
      view that the splanchnic area represents an endocrine system whose preferential
      target is the liver.

PMID- 4041989
TI  - Acetaminophen toxicity in lymphocytes heterozygous for glutathione synthetase
      deficiency.
AB  - We have studied the effects of acetaminophen metabolites generated by a murine
      hepatic microsomal system on lymphocytes from two subjects heterozygous for
      glutathione synthetase deficiency. Heterozygous cells exhibited greater dose
      related toxicity than controls. Following a 2-h incubation with acetaminophen and
      the microsomal system, cells were washed and incubated for 16 h in the presence
      or absence of N-acetylcysteine, the standard antidote for acetaminophen toxicity.
      In control cells, glutathione content was replenished to nearly base-line values
      and toxicity was prevented. N-Acetylcysteine thus prevented toxicity even after
      covalent binding of acetaminophen metabolites had occurred. Heterozygous cells
      failed to use N-acetylcysteine as efficiently to resynthesize glutathione, and
      the cells were not protected from acetaminophen toxicity. Heterozygotes may be at
      increased risk of toxicity from drugs whose metabolites are detoxified by
      glutathione conjugation.

PMID- 4041990
TI  - The effect of insulin deficiency, dietary protein intake, and plasma amino acid
      concentrations on brain amino acid levels in rats.
AB  - The effect of diabetes (streptozotocin, 65 mg/kg ip), dietary protein intake (15
      60%), and plasma amino acid concentrations on brain large neutral amino acid
      levels in rats was examined. After 20 days, the plasma concentrations of
      methionine and the branched chain amino acids (BCAA), valine, isoleucine, and
      leucine were increased in diabetic rats. In brain tissue, methionine and valine
      levels were increased but threonine, tyrosine, and tryptophan concentrations were
      depressed. Increased protein consumption promoted a diabetic-like plasma amino
      acid pattern in normal rats while enhancing that of diabetic animals. However,
      with the exception of threonine, glycine, valine, and tyrosine, there was little
      effect on brain amino acid levels. A good association was found between the
      calculated brain influx rate and the actual brain concentration of threonine,
      methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan in diabetic animals. There was no
      correlation, however, between brain influx rate and brain BCAA levels. Thus, the
      brain amino acid pattern in diabetes represents the combined effects of insulin
      insufficiency and composition of the diet ingested on plasma amino acid levels as
      well as metabolic adaptation within the brain itself.

PMID- 4041991
TI  - Chronic treatment of rats with D-600 causes a compensatory decrease in the
      calcium requirement for contractility of vascular smooth and cardiac muscles.
AB  - We studied the effects of chronic hypotensive treatment of normotensive Wistar
      rats (NWR) with methoxyverapamil (D-600) and hydralazine on in vitro contractile
      response of aortic strips, portal vein strips, and Langendorff-perfused hearts in
      normal (2.5 mM) and low (0.2 mM) calcium (Ca). Portal vein strips from rats
      treated with D-600, compared with the same strips from control and hydralazine
      treated rats, developed greater spontaneous contractile activity in normal Ca and
      retained greater responses to norepinephrine (NE) and 80 mM K in low Ca. Aortic
      strips from all three groups of rats retained similar responses to NE and K in
      low Ca. Hearts from D-600-treated rats produced less intraventricular pressure
      (IVP) to isoproterenol (ISO) than hearts from control and hydralazine-treated
      rats in normal Ca but greater IVP to ISO than hearts from the other two groups of
      rats in low Ca. Thus, chronic treatment of NWR with D-600 but not with
      hydralazine resulted in the reduction of Ca requirement for contractile
      activities of the portal vein and the myocardium.

PMID- 4041992
TI  - Induction of premature delivery in sheep following infusion of cortisol to the
      fetus. I. The effect of maternal administration of progestagens.
AB  - Premature induction of delivery in fetuses infused with graded doses of cortisol
      was brought about in 123.5 +/- 7.7 h (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) after the start of
      cortisol infusion. This treatment caused a rise in fetal plasma cortisol similar
      to that observed at normal delivery. Maternal and fetal progesterone and 20 alpha
      dihydroprogesterone concentrations decreased to basal levels during infusion of
      cortisol to the fetus. Induction of premature delivery was delayed or prevented
      by concomitant treatment of the ewe with progestagen. Maternal intramuscular
      injection of 100 mg progesterone, 2 times daily, prevented delivery in four of
      four ewes treated during the time that cortisol was infused into the fetus (11-13
      days). Maternal plasma progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone
      concentrations were maintained during this period, but fetal plasma progesterone
      concentrations decreased to the same extent as in the fetuses infused with
      cortisol alone. A single intramuscular injection of 250 mg of medroxyprogesterone
      acetate to ewes on the day before commencement of infusion of cortisol to the
      fetus prevented delivery in four of six ewes during the time that cortisol was
      infused for 9, 13, 14, and 15 days, respectively. One ewe delivered a live lamb
      at 133.5 h and another at 147.7 h after the start of infusion of cortisol to the
      fetus. Maternal and fetal plasma cortisol, progesterone, and 20 alpha
      dihydroprogesterone concentrations were similar to those observed during infusion
      of cortisol alone to the fetus. Although fetal cortisol concentrations rose in a
      similar fashion, and to a similar extent, in all three groups during infusion of
      cortisol to the fetus, fetal 11-desoxycortisol concentrations only rose above
      basal levels close to the time of delivery in cortisol-infused fetuses or, in the
      progestagen-treated groups, when the fetus showed signs of being stressed.

PMID- 4041994
TI  - In situ molecular weight determination of rat brain [3H]phenytoin binding sites.
AB  - Using irradiation inactivation analysis of specific [3H]phenytoin binding to rat
      brain we have demonstrated that there are two different binding sites involved,
      with molecular weights of 73238 +/- 1535 (higher affinity site) and 108121 +/-
      6935 (lower affinity site).

PMID- 4041993
TI  - The role aortic chemoreceptors during severe CO hypoxia.
AB  - The importance of aortic chemoreceptors in the circulatory responses to severe
      carbon monoxide (CO) hypoxia was studied in anesthetized dogs. The aortic
      chemoreceptors were surgically denervated in eight dogs prior to the induction of
      CO hypoxia, with nine other dogs serving as intact controls. Values for both
      whole body and hindlimb blood flow, vascular resistance, and O2 uptake were
      determined prior to and at 30 min of CO hypoxia in the two groups. Arterial O2
      content was reduced 65% using an in situ dialysis method to produce CO hypoxia.
      At 30 min of hypoxia, cardiac output increased but limb blood flow remained at
      prehypoxic levels in both groups. This indicated that aortic chemoreceptor input
      was not necessary for the increase in cardiac output during severe CO hypoxia,
      nor for the diversion of this increased flow to nonmuscle tissues. Limb O2 uptake
      decreased during CO hypoxia in the aortic-denervated group but remained at
      prehypoxic levels in the intact group. The lower resting values for limb blood
      flow in the aortic-denervated animals required a greater level of O2 extraction
      to maintain resting O2 uptake. When CO hypoxia was superimposed upon this
      compensation, an O2 supply limitation occurred because the limb failed to
      vasodilate even as maximal levels for O2 extraction were approached.

PMID- 4041995
TI  - Specific binding of [3H]phenytoin in the human brain.
AB  - Competition between cold phenytoin and [3H]phenytoin binding was observed in
      normal human brain. Binding was observed in all areas examined. The highest
      number of sites was in the amygdala (a total of 717.71 fmol/mg protein) and the
      lowest in the Brodman area (BA) 4 of the motor cortex (153.91 fmol/mg protein)
      and cerebellar cortex (154.4 fmol/mg protein). In three areas, amygdala, cortex
      area BA 38 (inferior parietal lobe), and cortex area BA 8 (premotor cortex), two
      sets of binding sites were observed. In these areas the Kd for the higher
      affinity sites ranged from 35 to 116 nM, and for the lower affinity site, from
      328 to 866 nM. In the four areas where only one binding site was observed the KdS
      ranged from 164 to 311 nM and the Scatchard plot was linear.

PMID- 4041996
TI  - Nutrition and metabolic development.
AB  - Perinatal changes in metabolic processes owing to a change from a high
      carbohydrate to a high fat (milk) diet at birth are described. It is pointed out
      that early changes in food composition may have permanent effects and it is
      suggested that, in the rat, this may be due to structural alterations in the
      brain at a time when it is still differentiating. Such changes are irreversible.

PMID- 4041997
TI  - The 13th J. A. F. Stevenson memorial lecture. Sexual differentiation of the
      brain: possible mechanisms and implications.
AB  - The mammalian brain appears to be inherently feminine and the action of
      testicular hormones during development is necessary for the differentiation of
      the masculine brain both in terms of functional potential and actual structure.
      Experimental evidence for this statement is reviewed in this discussion. Recent
      discoveries of marked structural sex differences in the central nervous system,
      such as the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in the rat, offer
      model systems to investigate potential mechanisms by which gonadal hormones
      permanently modify neuronal differentiation. Although effects of these steroids
      on neurogenesis and neuronal migration and specification have not been
      conclusively eliminated, it is currently believed, but not proven, that the
      principle mechanism of steroid action is to maintain neuronal survival during a
      period of neuronal death. The structural models of the sexual differentiation of
      the central nervous system also provide the opportunity to identify sex
      differences in neurochemical distribution. Two examples in the rat brain are
      presented: the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers in the medial
      preoptic nucleus and of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers and cells in
      the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. It is likely that sexual dimorphisms
      will be found to be characteristic of many neural and neurochemical systems. The
      final section of this review raises the possibility that the brain of the adult
      may, in response to steroid action, be morphologically plastic, and considers
      briefly the likelihood that the brain of the human species is also influenced
      during development by the hormonal environment.

PMID- 4041998
TI  - Evidence for a contribution by brown adipose tissue to the development of fever
      in the young rabbit.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine if brown adipose tissue was involved in
      heat production during fever produced by S. abortus equi (1 micrograms) in
      unanesthetized rabbits aged 19-26 days. The fever (0.9-1.6 degrees C) occurred
      after a delay of 20-30 min and was frequently biphasic. Radiolabelled
      microspheres for measuring tissue blood flow were injected intraventricularly
      into three groups of animals: rabbits not given pyrogen, rabbits in which the
      febrile response to pyrogen was developing, and rabbits in which the febrile
      response had peaked. Blood flow to brown fat deposits and other organs was
      calculated from the fractional distribution of the microspheres and the recovery
      of microspheres in a reference arterial blood sample. At the fever peak, blood
      flow to brown fat was not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) from the
      control value (0.9 +/- 0.2), but during the rising phase of the fever the flow
      increased significantly (p less than 0.01) to 2.6 +/- 0.4 mL min-1 g-1. The blood
      flow to muscles of the forelimbs and hind limbs was also increased significantly
      (p less than 0.05) during the rising phase of the fever. No significant change in
      blood flow to other organs or tissues was found during the rising phase of the
      fever. These results indicate that both nonshivering as well as shivering
      thermogenesis contribute to heat production during development of fever in the
      young rabbit. However, nonshivering thermogenesis was not involved in the
      maintenance of the elevated body temperature after the fever had peaked.

PMID- 4041999
TI  - Peripheral and central mechanisms of the pressor response elicited by stimulation
      of the locus coeruleus in the rat.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the pontine nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) caused an
      increase of the arterial blood pressure in anesthetized rats, and elevated plasma
      noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) levels. The stimulation-induced pressor
      response was characteristically biphasic and consisted of a sharp rise in
      arterial pressure at the onset of the stimulation, followed by a second elevation
      at the end of the stimulus. Bilateral adrenalectomy or adrenal demedullation
      completely blocked the secondary phase of the pressor response elicited by
      stimulation, but did not affect the primary phase. The latter was specifically
      eliminated by the destruction of the peripheral sympathetic vasomotor axons with
      intravenous 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The active sites eliciting the secondary
      adrenomedullary pressor component appeared to be restricted to the nucleus LC,
      whereas the primary sympathetic vasomotor response could be elicited from sites
      in and around the nucleus. After brain transection at the midbrain level,
      stimulation of LC failed to evoke the adrenomedullary pressor response, while the
      sympathetic vasomotor component was not affected. Similarly, destruction of brain
      NA neurons by intraventricular administration of 6-OHDA did not change the
      sympathetic vasomotor response, but virtually abolished the adrenal response. The
      results demonstrate that the pressor response to stimulation of LC in the rat is
      due to both increased sympathetic vasomotor activity and CA released from the
      adrenal medulla. The study also provides evidence suggesting that the
      noradrenergic LC cell group play an important role in the activation of the
      adrenal medulla, but is not essential for the activation of the sympathetic
      vasoconstrictor fiber system.

PMID- 4042000
TI  - Rat skeletal muscle triacylglycerol utilization during exhaustive swimming.
AB  - The utilization of triacylglycerol in slow oxidative, fast oxidative-glycolytic,
      and fast glycolytic skeletal muscle fiber types was examined in rats subjected to
      a prolonged exhaustive swim. Significant reductions of intramuscular
      triacylglycerol occurred following 2 h and 40 min of swimming in all muscles
      containing a predominance of slow oxidative and fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers,
      which possess a high capacity for free fatty acid oxidation. Triacylglycerol
      content in the soleus decreased by 48%, and reductions of 41, 29, and 27% were
      measured in the red vastus lateralis, red gastrocnemius, and plantaris muscles,
      respectively. In the white vastus lateralis and white gastrocnemius muscles (fast
      glycolytic fibers) triacylglycerol concentrations were unaffected. In all muscles
      the variability of intramuscular triacylglycerol measurements between animals was
      20-50% and the within animal variance (right vs. left hindlimb) was similar.
      Analytical repeatability was approximately 10% in all muscles and significantly
      less than the between- and within-animal variances. It was concluded that a real
      biological variation exists in the triacylglycerol content of all rat skeletal
      muscles and that intramuscular triacylglycerol is an important energy source
      during prolonged exercise of moderate intensity.

PMID- 4042001
TI  - The renal handling of human urinary ribonuclease by rat kidneys.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to find out how poly(C)-avid human urinary
      ribonuclease is handled by the kidney. Purified human urinary ribonuclease
      (molecular weight 33 000) was radiolabelled with 125I. The enzyme was injected
      intravenously into dogs and monkeys with and without kidneys. The disappearance
      rate from the animals without kidneys was markedly prolonged. In the dog and
      monkey with kidneys, the radiolabelled enzyme which was infused was recovered in
      the urine unchanged. No large molecular weight fragments were found. When 125I
      labelled ribonuclease was infused into rats the material recovered in the urine
      was primarily identical with the material infused. A very small fraction of the
      material recovered was found to contain some fragments which had chromatographic
      characteristics of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine. Two other fragments were
      detected but could not be identified. Autoradiographic studies of the rat kidneys
      also showed some reabsorption of the radiolabelled ribonuclease, particularly in
      the proximal tubules. With electron microscopy the radiolabelled material could
      be seen in the lysosomes. These observations corroborate findings discovered for
      other low molecular enzyme such as lysozyme (molecular weight 14 000) and suggest
      that the human ribonuclease is mainly excreted by the kidneys unchanged and that
      a minor amount may be reabsorbed by the proximal tubules and metabolized in the
      lysosomes.

PMID- 4042002
TI  - Vagal afferent activity and renal nerve release of dopamine.
AB  - To investigate the involvement of vagal afferents in renal nerve release of
      catecholamines, we compared norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine excretion
      from innervated and chronically denervated kidneys in the same rat. The
      difference between innervated and denervated kidney excretion rates was taken as
      a measure of neurotransmitter release from renal nerves. During saline expansion,
      norepinephrine excretion from the innervated kidney was not statistically greater
      than from denervated kidneys. Vagotomy increased norepinephrine release from
      renal nerves. Thus vagal afferents participated in the suppression of renal
      sympathetic nerve activity during saline expansion. No significant vagal control
      of dopamine release by renal nerves was detected under these conditions.
      Bilateral carotid ligation stimulated renal nerve release of both norepinephrine
      and dopamine in saline-expanded rats. The effects of carotid ligation and
      vagotomy were not additive with respect to norepinephrine release by renal
      nerves. However, the baroreflex-stimulated renal nerve release of dopamine was
      abolished by vagotomy. Electrical stimulation of the left cervical vagus with a
      square wave electrical pulse (0.5 ms duration, 10 V, 2 Hz) increased dopamine
      excretion exclusively from the innervated kidney of hydropenic rats. No
      significant change in norepinephrine excretion was observed during vagal
      stimulation. Increased dopamine excretion during vagal stimulation was associated
      with a larger natriuretic response from the innervated kidney than from its
      denervated mate (p less than 0.05). We conclude that under appropriate conditions
      vagal afferents stimulate renal release of dopamine and produce a neurogenically
      mediated natriuresis.

PMID- 4042003
TI  - Effects of thyroid and growth hormone deficiency, and food restriction on heart
      mass, with and without added stress (carboxyhemoglobinemia).
AB  - The roles of thyroid and growth hormone, and food restriction in maintenance of
      heart mass and in carbon monoxide-stimulated cardiac growth were examined. First,
      thyroidectomized and normal adult male rats inhaled up to 500 ppm CO in air for
      42 days. Combined ventricular weights of thyroidectomized rats inhaling CO and
      air were 12 and 23% smaller than predicted, respectively, while the combined
      ventricular weight of normal rats inhaling CO was 29% larger than predicted.
      Thyroidectomy increased the mass of the left ventricle relative to the right
      ventricle; this was reversed by CO treatment. While the hematocrit increased in
      thyroidectomized-CO rats, it was lower than in normal-CO rats: likewise the
      hematocrit of thyroidectomized-AIR rats was lower than that of normal rats in
      air. Body weights of the thyroidectomized rats were 57% that of normals. As
      additional controls, two groups of normal rats (one AIR, one CO) were maintained
      at the same body weight as the thyroidectomized rats, by adjusting food intake.
      Combined ventricular weight was less than predicted in AIR rats and failed to
      increase in CO animals, while hematocrits were the same as normals in air and in
      CO. Serum thyroxine (T4) and growth hormone levels assayed in thyroidectomized
      rats were less than 15 and 25% of normal rats, respectively. Growth hormone
      levels were not altered by CO inhalation in thyroidectomized and in normal rats.
      Levels of both hormones were normal in food-restricted rats. While thyroidectomy
      produced cardiac atrophy, cardiac growth was stimulated by CO inhalation,
      although heart mass then only approached that of normals in air. Food restriction
      also produced cardiac atrophy, but CO inhalation failed to stimulate heart
      growth.

PMID- 4042004
TI  - Transient inhibition of the muscarinic actions of carbachol during reactivation
      of the electrogenic sodium pump in guinea pig taenia caeci smooth muscle.
AB  - In guinea pig taenia caeci smooth muscle the muscarinic receptor stimulant
      carbachol evoked depolarization and contraction, which was followed by
      hyperpolarization and relaxation on its removal. Both the hyperpolarization and
      relaxation were inhibited by removal of K+ from the external medium. During Na+
      pump blockade (K+-free solution) the depolarizing and contracting actions of
      carbachol decreased. When the Na+ pump was switched on again by readmission of
      5.9 mmol/L K+ to K+-depleted and Na+-enriched preparations, electrogenic
      hyperpolarization and relaxation developed. During this period carbachol failed
      to produce depolarization and contraction.

PMID- 4042005
TI  - Force-velocity relationships in hypertensive arterial smooth muscle.
AB  - Increased total peripheral resistance is the cardinal haemodynamic disorder in
      essential hypertension. This could be secondary to alterations in the mechanical
      properties of vascular smooth muscle. Adequate study has not been made of the
      force-velocity (F-V) relationship in hypertensive arterial smooth muscle.
      Increased shortening in arterial smooth muscle would result in greater narrowing
      of arteries. The objectives of this investigation were to see if there is (i)
      increased shortening or increased maximum change in muscle length (delta Lmax
      where L stands for muscle length), (ii) an increased maximum velocity of
      shortening (Vmax) measured in l omicron per second where l omicron is the optimal
      muscle length for tension development, and (iii) a difference in maximum
      isometric tension (P omicron) developed in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR; N
      = 6) compared with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY;N = 5) caudal artery
      strips. An electromagnetic muscle lever was employed in recording force-velocity
      data. Analysis of these data revealed the following: (a) the SHR mean P omicron
      of 6.21 +/- 1.01 N/cm2 was not different from the mean WKY P omicron of 6.97 +/-
      1.64 N/cm2 (p greater than 0.05); (b) the SHR preparations showed greater
      shortening for all loads imposed; (c) the SHR Vmax of 0.016 l omicron/s was
      greater than the WKY Vmax of 0.013 l omicron/s (p less than 0.05). This study
      provides evidence that while hypertensive arterial smooth muscle is not able to
      produce more force than normotensive arterial smooth muscle, it is capable of
      faster and greater shortening. The latter could result in increased narrowing of
      hypertensive arteries and increased blood pressure.

PMID- 4042006
TI  - Tension-velocity relationships in hypertensive mesenteric resistance arteries.
AB  - Increased total peripheral resistance is the cardinal haemodynamic disorder in
      essential hypertension. This could be secondary to alterations in the mechanical
      properties of vascular smooth muscle. Adequate study has not been made of the
      tension-velocity (T-V) relationship in hypertensive resistance arterial smooth
      muscle. Increased narrowing in such arteries would result in increased
      resistance. The objectives of this investigation were to determine whether there
      is (i) increased narrowing capacity (-delta C/C omicron, where C stands for
      arterial internal circumference and C omicron is the optimal arterial internal
      circumference for maximum tension development); (ii) an increased maximum
      velocity of isobaric narrowing (Vmax) measured in C omicron per second; (iii) an
      increased wall thickness (h); and (iv) an increased active stress development
      (Tmax) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR; n = 5) compared with the
      normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY; n = 5) and MK-421 (an angiotensin I converting
      enzyme inhibitor) treated spontaneously hypertensive rat (MK-421 trt. SHR; n = 5)
      mesenteric resistance (diameter, less than 300 micron) arteries. Analysis of the
      data for arteries constricting isobarically against a range of pressures revealed
      that (a) the SHR -deltaC/C omicron values at pressures ranging from 20 to 120
      mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) showed significantly increased narrowing compared with
      the MK-421 trt. SHR and WKY -deltaC/C omicron values in this same pressure range
      (p less than 0.01), and (b) the SHR derived Vmax of 0.83 +/- 0.08 C omicron/s was
      significantly faster than either the MK-421 trt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042007
TI  - Changes in isometric contractile properties of extensor digitorum longus and
      soleus muscles of C57BL/6J mice following denervation.
AB  - In this study, conducted on mice of the C57BL/6J+/+ strain, we investigated the
      differential effects of denervation on the isometric contractile properties of
      the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles. The contractile
      properties were studied at 1, 28, 84, and 210 days following unilateral section
      of the sciatic nerve at 12 weeks of age. When isometric tetanus tension was
      expressed relative to wet weight, the denervated SOL showed an earlier and more
      pronounced loss in tension generating capacity than the EDL. Both the denervated
      SOL and EDL showed potentiation of the twitch tension at 28 days postdenervation.
      The time to peak twitch tension (TTP) and the time to half-relaxation (1/2RT)
      were prolonged by 28 days postdenervation in both muscles. This trend continued
      to the oldest age-groups studied in the EDL, but reached an apparent plateau in
      the SOL at 84 days postdenervation. In response to fatigue, the denervated SOL
      showed a marked decrease in resistance to fatigue at 1 day but a relatively
      normal response thereafter, whereas the denervated EDL showed an increase in
      resistance to fatigue at and beyond the 28-day period. In spite of the fact that
      the total contraction time of both muscles increased following denervation, the
      predominantly oxidative SOL remained a slower contracting muscle than the more
      glycolytic EDL.

PMID- 4042008
TI  - Activity of in situ middle cervical ganglion neurons in dogs, using extracellular
      recording techniques.
AB  - Neuronal activity in the in situ middle cervical ganglion of dogs was
      investigated using extracellular recording techniques. The recorded action
      potentials were frequently active during specific phases of the cardiac cycle,
      particularly during systole, and this activity persisted following acute
      decentralization of the ganglion. The activity of these action potentials was
      modified when systemic arterial pressure was altered by isoproterenol,
      noradrenaline, adrenaline, or partial occlusion of the aorta, whether in the
      intact or acutely decentralized preparation. These neurons were active between
      systolic pressures of 70 and 180 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). Action potentials
      were frequently modified by mechanical distortion of the superior vena cava,
      ventricular epicardium, or adventitia of the aorta, whether the preparation was
      acutely decentralized or not. Seventy percent of these action potentials were
      unaffected by stimulation (1 ms, 4 V, 0.5 Hz) of a cardiopulmonary nerve and 27%
      were suppressed by such stimulation. Five of the neurons were activated by such
      stimulation. It is presumed that the latter neurons had axons in a
      cardiopulmonary nerve and most likely were efferent sympathetic postganglionic
      neurons. Sixty-three percent of these spontaneously active phase-locked units
      were modified by stimulation of a ramus or an ansa. It is postulated that some of
      the neurons in the middle cervical ganglia can be modified by afferent axons
      arising from receptors in thoracic organs, in particular from the great vessels
      and heart, whether in an intact or acutely decentralized preparation. The
      majority of these neurons are presumed not to be afferent neurons or efferent
      postganglionic neurons, as they are not activated directly by electrical
      stimulation of axons in cardiopulmonary nerves. Rather they are presumed to be
      interneurons. These results lend support to the thesis that considerable
      integration of neuronal activity related to thoracic cardiovascular dynamics
      occurs within the middle cervical ganglia of dogs.

PMID- 4042009
TI  - The use of 8-phenyltheophylline as a competitive antagonist of adenosine and an
      inhibitor of the intrinsic regulatory mechanism of the hepatic artery.
AB  - Reduction of portal blood flow results in compensatory vasodilation of the
      hepatic artery, the hepatic arterial buffer response. The hypothesis tested is
      that the regulation of the buffer response is mediated by adenosine, where the
      local concentration of adenosine in the region of the hepatic arterial resistance
      vessels is regulated by washout of adenosine into portal venules that are in
      intimate contact with hepatic arterioles. In anesthetized cats, portal flow was
      reduced to zero by complete occlusion of all arterial supply to the guts. The
      resultant dilation of the hepatic artery compensated for 23.9 +/- 4.9% of the
      decrease in portal flow. Dose-response curves were obtained for the effect of
      intraportal adenosine infusion on hepatic arterial conductance in doses that did
      not lead to recirculation and secondary effects on the hepatic artery via altered
      portal blood flow. The dose to produce one-half maximal response for adenosine is
      0.19 mg X kg-1 X min-1 (intraportal) and the estimated maximal dilation is
      equivalent to an increase in hepatic arterial conductance to 245% of the basal
      (100%) level. The adenosine antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline, produced dose
      related competitive antagonism of the dilator response to infused adenosine (but
      not to isoproterenol) and a similar, parallel antagonism of the hepatic arterial
      buffer response. If supramaximal blocking doses were used, the hepatic artery
      showed massive and prolonged constriction with blood flow decreasing to zero. The
      data strongly support the hypothesis that intrinsic hepatic arterial buffer
      response is mediated entirely by local adenosine concentration.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042010
TI  - Histamine--whither now?
AB  - This review presents, from the author's viewpoint, avenues of histamine research
      likely to produce new information. One potentially useful approach may be to
      attempt to relate histamine's function to its occurrence in different body
      tissues such as the pituitary and hypothalamus, the gastrointestinal mucosa, and
      the bone marrow and white blood cells. Prospects also seem bright for
      quantitative studies of histamine metabolites in blood and urine and possible
      changes in the relative amounts of these metabolites in a variety of diseases.

PMID- 4042011
TI  - Temperature and histamine receptor function--what is really happening?
AB  - Early studies suggested that a low temperatures there was a transition of
      receptor type from an H1 to an H2 receptor when the temperature was reduced from
      37 degrees C to temperatures below 20 degrees C. These original observations were
      based on the development of sensitivity of guinea-pig ileum to the H2 antagonist
      metiamide as the temperature was reduced. More recently, evidence from a number
      of laboratories has cast doubt on the existence of a simple H1-H2 receptor
      transition, but there is abundant evidence that there are major changes in the
      response of a variety of smooth muscle preparations to histamine at reduced
      temperatures. The evidence in regard to alterations in histamine response at low
      temperatures is reviewed, some new evidence presented, and a model which is
      consistent with most of the observations is suggested.

PMID- 4042012
TI  - Quantitative determination of histamine metabolites by capillary gas
      chromatography.
AB  - A method using capillary gas chromatography is described for the determination of
      histamine and eight of its basic and acid metabolites in a single biological
      sample of serum, urine, or gastric juice. Ion-exchange chromatography and
      extraction with organic solvents are used for isolation and purification, and gas
      chromatography for identification and quantitation. The heptafluorobutyryl
      derivatives of histamine and some basic metabolites are compatible with nitrogen
      phosphorus and electron capture detection modes and offer an excellent
      sensitivity (detection limit 0.1 pmol with electron capture). The acid
      metabolites are quantitated after esterification. The linearity range, the
      sensitivity, a partial study of reproducibility and typical chromatograms show
      that the method is adaptable to a variety of applications.

PMID- 4042013
TI  - Effects of coronary sinus pressure elevation on coronary blood flow distribution
      in dogs with normal preload.
AB  - Coronary sinus pressure (Pcs) elevation shifts the diastolic coronary pressure
      flow relation (PFR) of the entire left ventricular myocardium to a higher
      pressure intercept. This finding suggests that Pcs is one determinant of zero
      flow pressure (Pzf) and challenges the existence of a vascular waterfall
      mechanism in the coronary circulation. To determine whether coronary sinus or
      tissue pressure is the effective coronary back pressure in different layers of
      the left ventricular myocardium, the effect of increasing Pcs was studied while
      left ventricular preload was low. PFRs were determined experimentally by graded
      constriction of the circumflex coronary artery while measuring flow using a
      flowmeter. Transmural myocardial blood flow distribution was studied (15-micron
      radioactive spheres) at steady state, during maximal coronary artery
      vasodilatation at three points on the linear portion of the circumflex PFR both
      at low and high diastolic Pcs (7 +/- 3 vs. 22 +/- 5 mmHg; p less than 0.0001) (1
      mmHg = 133.322 Pa). In the uninstrumented anterior wall the blood flow
      measurements were obtained in triplicate at the two Pcs levels. From low to high
      Pcs, mean aortic (98 +/- 23 mmHg) and left atrial (5 +/- 3 mmHg) pressure,
      percent diastolic time (49 +/- 7%), percent left ventricular wall thickening (32
      +/- 4%), and percent myocardial lactate extraction (15 +/- 12%) were not
      significantly changed. Increasing Pcs did not alter the slope of the PFR;
      however, the Pzf increased in the subepicardial layer (p less than 0.0001),
      whereas in the subendocardial layer Pzf did not change significantly. Similar
      slopes and Pzf were observed for the PFR of both total myocardial mass and
      subepicardial region at low and high Pcs. Subendocardial:subepicardial blood flow
      ratios increased for each set of measurements when Pcs was elevated (p less than
      0.0001), owing to a reduction of subepicardial blood flow; however,
      subendocardial blood flow remained unchanged, while starting in the subepicardium
      toward midmyocardium blood flow decreased at high Pcs. This pattern was similar
      for the uninstrumented anterior wall as well as in the posterior wall. Thus as
      Pcs increases it becomes the effective coronary back pressure with decreasing
      magnitude from the subepicardium toward the subendocardium of the left ventricle.
      Assuming that elevating Pcs results in transmural elevation in coronary venous
      pressure, these findings support the hypothesis of a differential intramyocardial
      waterfall mechanism with greater subendo- than subepi-cardial tissue pressure.

PMID- 4042014
TI  - Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the microsomal monooxygenase
      system of rat liver.
AB  - The effect of acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen,
      naproxen, phenylbutazone, and salicylic acid on the microsomal oxidative drug
      metabolism of rat liver was studied. Pretreatment of the rats with pharmacologic
      doses of acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, and ketoprofen decreased both the
      demethylase and hydroxylase activities of rat liver microsomes. These effects
      were paralleled by decreases in microsomal cytochrome P-450 content. The rate of
      the microsomal reactions was increased after pretreatment with ibuprofen and
      naproxen but only the former increased the concentration of cytochrome P-450.
      Phenylbutazone and salicylic acid had no in vivo effect on the hepatic
      monooxygenase. The addition of 1 mM of ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen,
      naproxen, and phenylbutazone to rat liver microsomes inhibit both the aminopyrine
      N-demethylase and p-nitro-anisole O-demethylase activities. The extent of the
      inhibition varied between 21 and 73% of the control incubation. Indomethacin,
      naproxen, and phenylbutazone also decreased the aniline hydroxylase activity to
      roughly 60% of the control value. Acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid had no
      in vitro effect on the microsomal monooxygenase. The nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs produced a reverse type I binding spectrum with oxidized
      cytochrome P-450; indomethacin and phenylbutazone were the strongest ligands.
      There is no correlation between the effect of addition of nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs to the hepatic microsomal homogenate and their in vivo effect
      on the monooxygenase activity.

PMID- 4042016
TI  - Very low density lipoprotein binding to cultured aortic endothelium.
AB  - Because of very low density lipoprotein's (VLDL) potential atherogenicity and the
      demonstration that VLDL can bind to other cells, we examined the interaction of
      human VLDL with cultured porcine aortic endothelium. The lipoprotein-cell
      interaction had many properties similar to those seen with the binding of a
      ligand to a cell surface receptor. It was time and temperature dependent,
      saturable, and reversible. Scatchard analysis of competition data suggested that
      there may be more than one class of binding site. The affinity of the low
      affinity site was similar to that for low density lipoprotein (LDL). Also, the
      capacity of endothelial cells to bind VLDL was similar to that for LDL, when
      related to apo B (i.e., particle) concentration. Not only was unlabelled VLDL
      able to compete for VLDL binding sites, but so was LDL and high density
      lipoprotein (HDL). The maximal competition either by LDL or by HDL was less than
      that by VLDL. The maximal competition by HDL was more than by LDL. The VLDL
      binding was dependent on Ca2+. It was not changed by the content of lipoprotein
      in the medium in which cells were grown prior to the binding studies. These
      observations suggest that VLDL binding to endothelial cells is similar in some
      respects, but not in all, to the binding of LDL. Comparison of the data with
      endothelial cells to previous data with adipocytes also indicated differences
      between the interaction of these two cell types with VLDL. It is possible that
      this binding process may be involved in the formation of atherogenic remnants of
      triglyceride-rich lipoproteins on the endothelial surface of large blood vessels.

PMID- 4042015
TI  - The effect of lidocaine on lysophosphatidylcholine-induced cardiac arrhythmias
      and cellular disturbances.
AB  - The production of arrhythmias in the isolated heart by perfusion with
      lysophosphatidylcholine has been well documented. However, the role of the
      lysophospholipid as a physiological factor in the generation of cardiac
      arrhythmias is not clear. In this study, a pharmacological approach was used to
      delineate the physiological significance of lysophosphatidylcholine during this
      cardiac dysfunction. Lidocaine (5-20 mg/L) was found to be effective in the
      protection of the isolated rat heart from the lysophospholipid-induced
      arrhythmias at pharmacological concentrations. The effect of lidocaine in the
      protection of lysophospholipid-induced membrane dysfunction was studied with red
      blood cells. Lidocaine (2 mg/mL) protected red blood cells from hemolysis in the
      presence of lysophosphatidylcholine. Lidocaine did not inhibit the binding of the
      lysophospholipid to the red cell membrane, but inhibited hemolysis in a manner
      similar to cholesterol. The results are consistent with the postulate that
      lysophosphatidylcholine is a physiological factor in the pathogenesis of cardiac
      arrhythmias during myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 4042017
TI  - Organization of medial elastin at aortic junctions in sheep and lambs.
AB  - Aortas from four sheep and three fetal lambs were fixed at physiological pressure
      in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The regions with branches were serially
      sectioned in either cross or longitudinal section at 7-micron intervals and
      stained for elastin with Gomori-aldehyde-fuchsin. A large model of one
      aortointercostal junction was made from Plexiglas to show that bundles of elastin
      appeared to be continuous from the aorta into the branch. These bundles were then
      studied from large photomicrographs of the other junctions. At the intercostals
      and lumbars, the elastin lamellae ran continuously from the outer third of the
      media into the branch. There was often an added "pad" of elastin and other
      acellular material on the flow divider (distal lip). The large muscular branches
      which arose from the abdominal aorta have much less elastin than the
      intercostals. In them the aortic elastin appears to merge into a raphe on the
      proximal and lateral sides of the junction, with a very abrupt transition. A
      "tongue" of muscle from the branch often penetrated into the media of the aorta
      distally. Occasionally a small acellular cap was seen on the apex of the flow
      divider. There were few significant differences between the lambs and the sheep,
      probably because embryologically the arteries develop very early. The proximal
      and distal lips of all junctions were easily distinguished from each other, and
      the small and large branches were also different. We suspect these regions may
      respond differently to pressure, but we did not test this hypothesis.

PMID- 4042019
TI  - Inhibitory processes of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following kindling
      induced epilepsy in the rat.
AB  - To determine the alterations in cellular function which may contribute to the
      chronic predisposition of neuronal tissue to epileptiform activity, the membrane
      properties and inhibitory processes of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells were
      investigated using in vitro slices prepared from commissural-kindled rats. No
      changes were observed in resting membrane potential, input resistance, spike
      amplitude, and membrane time constant of "kindled" CA1 pyramidal neurons when
      compared with controls. There were also no differences between control and
      kindled preparations in the amplitude of recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic
      potentials (IPSP) and in the duration of inhibition produced by either alvear
      (Alv) or stratum radiatum (SR) stimulation. Irrespective of group, repetitive
      stimulation of the Alv reduced the amplitude of the recurrent IPSP but failed to
      induce seizurelike activity. On the other hand, repetitive stimulation of SR
      frequently produced a neuronal burst discharge even though the duration and to
      some extent the amplitude of orthodromic inhibition was increased. On the basis
      of these data, it may be suggested that chronic changes in CA1 pyramidal cell
      membrane properties and transient reductions of inhibitory processes do not
      underlie the enhanced sensitivity of these neurons to seizure activity associated
      with kindling.

PMID- 4042018
TI  - The effect of tryptophan on biogenic amines in the hepatic portal circulation of
      the dog.
AB  - Mongrel dogs were fitted with indwelling hepatic portal catheters. After recovery
      from surgery, experiments were conducted in fasting, unrestrained, fully
      conscious, normal dogs which were accustomed to handling and withdrawal of blood
      samples. L-Tryptophan, a specific serotonin precursor, was injected into a
      saphenous vein, 10 microM/kg body weight, dissolved in saline. Plasma serotonin,
      dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were determined by radioenzymatic
      assays in blood samples withdrawn at frequent intervals for 2 h, simultaneously
      from the indwelling catheter and from a catheter temporarily inserted into a
      saphenous vein other than the one used for the injection of tryptophan. The
      injection of the amino acid caused a significant elevation of the concentration
      of platelet-free serotonin within 60 min and this was accompanied by a reduction
      in the concentration of the catecholamines, dopamine, norepinephrine, and
      epinephrine. The changes occurred only in the portal circulation and were not
      detected in peripheral blood samples. The results of these experiments indicate
      the existence of a cause and effect related interdependence between the
      splanchnic serotonergic and adrenergic systems in that the tryptophan-stimulated
      increase in serotonergic activity resulted in a concomitant reduction in gut
      adrenergic activity.

PMID- 4042021
TI  - Physiologic modulations of the systolic time intervals in the fetal lamb.
AB  - To examine the modulation of fetal systolic time intervals of the ovine fetus in
      relation to fetal maturation, heart rate, respiratory activity, and circadian
      rhythm, studies were carried out on 13 fetal-maternal sheep preparations. The
      data obtained showed that there was a significant correlation between the
      ejection time (ET) and the RR intervals of the electrocardiogram. The pre
      ejection period (PEP) and PEP/ET increased in relation to the fetal maturation
      (38 ms and 0.25 at 120 days to 52 ms and 0.33 at 145 days of gestation,
      respectively). When the circadian rhythmicity was analyzed, a relative
      tachycardia was in evidence during the 21- to 03-h period but systolic time
      intervals remained unchanged. Except for some tachycardia and cardiac rhythm
      variability, respiratory activity also had no influence on the systolic time
      intervals.

PMID- 4042020
TI  - Renal extraction of glutamine from plasma and whole blood: studies in dogs and
      rats.
AB  - The change in plasma and blood cell pools of L-glutamine during a single pass
      through the kidney was studied in dogs and rats. It was shown that the glutamine
      content of blood cells does not change following one passage through the renal
      vascular bed in normal or acidotic dogs. Furthermore, an infusion of L-glutamine
      elevating by 10-fold the plasma concentration of this amino acid only minimally
      changed the blood cells' glutamine content. Therefore within the time frame of
      acute experiments, the dog blood cells can be assumed to be impermeable to
      glutamine in vivo. Accordingly, renal glutamine extraction can be measured using
      either whole blood or plasma arteriovenous difference in this species. However,
      the latter value is larger and therefore can be measured more accurately. In
      normal rats, no net renal glutamine extraction is measured. In contrast, a
      considerable renal glutamine uptake occurs in acidotic rats, 23% of the extracted
      glutamine coming from the blood cell pool. A load of glutamine in vivo
      significantly elevates both the plasma and the blood cell concentration. It is
      concluded (i) that the renal extraction of glutamine is best estimated using
      plasma arteriovenous difference in the dog, especially when the renal extraction
      is small; (ii) that whole blood measurements should be obtained in the rat.

PMID- 4042022
TI  - Acetylcholine supersensitivity in the rat heart produced by neonatal
      sympathectomy.
AB  - Effects of neonatal sympathectomy with antiserum to nerve growth factor or 6
      hydroxydopamine on the acetylcholine sensitivity of the rat left atria were
      investigated. Sensitivities to acetylcholine of atria from immunologically and
      chemically sympathectomized rats were much higher than that of control at 4 weeks
      of age. These results suggest possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous
      system in regulation of cardiac cholinergic sensitivity.

PMID- 4042023
TI  - Medicine and journalism.

PMID- 4042024
TI  - Searching for a scientific writing style.

PMID- 4042025
TI  - Gluten in pills.

PMID- 4042026
TI  - [Cost of drugs for whiplash caused by traffic accidents].

PMID- 4042027
TI  - Evaluation of sponging to reduce body temperature.

PMID- 4042028
TI  - Preventive care in family practice.

PMID- 4042029
TI  - Diuretic-induced hypokalemia in hypertension.

PMID- 4042030
TI  - Absenteeism among hospital staff during influenza epidemic.

PMID- 4042031
TI  - Faith in healing.

PMID- 4042033
TI  - Generic drug names: deliberate mouthful?

PMID- 4042032
TI  - Sexual medicine.

PMID- 4042034
TI  - Occult blood screening of Canadians: wise or unwise?

PMID- 4042035
TI  - Factors influencing early diagnosis of cancer of the oral cavity.
AB  - Factors associated with stage at time of diagnosis and with interval between
      recognition of the first symptom and histologic diagnosis were assessed in a
      consecutive series of patients with primary epithelial tumours of the oral
      cavity. Of the 160 patients 55% had stage I or II disease. The proportion was
      significantly higher among patients with a high socioeconomic status, those with
      low levels of alcohol consumption and those who regularly received dental care.
      The interval between recognition of the first symptom and diagnosis was not
      significantly related to these factors, but it was shorter for the men. These
      relations were specific to the patients with cancer of the oral cavity, not being
      seen in those with other head and neck tumours. Dental practitioners are an
      important source of early diagnosis of oral cavity cancers. The impact of the
      disease might thus be lessened by more regular dental care.

PMID- 4042037
TI  - Erythema multiforme major following use of diclofenac.

PMID- 4042036
TI  - Sporadic postinfectious neuromyasthenia.
AB  - Outbreaks of epidemic neuromyasthenia have occurred throughout the world for many
      years, but sporadic cases have only recently been recognized. Fifty consecutive
      previously well patients with prolonged and excessive fatigue after an apparent
      acute infection were investigated. Most were well educated, active, unmarried
      women aged 30 to 40 years. The precipitating infection had many clinical
      presentations. The chronic phase of the illness was characterized by a fairly
      common set of symptoms. Physical examination and laboratory testing generally
      gave normal results. Of the 50 patients 16 were found to be infected with Epstein
      Barr virus, 7 with other viruses, 4 with parasites and 2 with Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae. The causative agent was not known in 22 cases. The mean duration of
      the illness was 27.6 months, and the mean proportion of time lost from work or
      school was 39%. Drug therapy was not beneficial; supportive therapy was useful.
      Further investigation is required to determine optimal management of sporadic
      neuromyasthenia.

PMID- 4042039
TI  - Statement on influenza vaccination for the 1985-86 season.

PMID- 4042038
TI  - Endometritis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID- 4042040
TI  - Influenza in Canada, 1984-85.

PMID- 4042041
TI  - Can medical paternalism be justified?

PMID- 4042042
TI  - The rising popularity of cocaine: how serious a problem?

PMID- 4042043
TI  - Distributing physicians.

PMID- 4042044
TI  - Building a table: 1.

PMID- 4042045
TI  - CMA's policy summaries.

PMID- 4042046
TI  - The Eastman prescription: a dispensable package.

PMID- 4042047
TI  - The plow in front of the bull.

PMID- 4042049
TI  - Nomifensine-induced dyskinesia.

PMID- 4042048
TI  - Age at death: physicians and ministers of religion.

PMID- 4042050
TI  - The hypocrisy of abortion.

PMID- 4042051
TI  - Treatment for primary varicose veins.

PMID- 4042052
TI  - Sleep disorders in hospital.

PMID- 4042053
TI  - Smoking and health.

PMID- 4042054
TI  - Passive smoking has no place in the workplace.

PMID- 4042055
TI  - Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Clavulin). Infectious Diseases and Immunization
      Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society.

PMID- 4042056
TI  - Pediculosis capitis (head lice). Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee,
      Canadian Paediatric Society.

PMID- 4042057
TI  - A syndromic approach to common parasitic diseases.
AB  - Standard textbooks discuss parasitic disease according to specific organisms. In
      contrast, patients with parasitic infections present to physicians with a variety
      of clinical manifestations that may involve any of several organ systems and that
      often mimic nonparasitic diseases. A syndromic approach to the clinical situation
      may help the physician in considering the most important parasitic agents. Many
      parasitic infections can be acquired in temperate climates. While often
      considered tropical or exotic, other parasitic diseases are now seen more
      frequently in developed countries because of immigration and increased world
      travel. In this review the clinical syndromes associated with common parasitic
      diseases in North America are discussed, with an emphasis on risk factors and
      diagnosis of specific infections.

PMID- 4042058
TI  - New approaches to measuring nausea.
AB  - Valid measures of nausea are needed to evaluate the various treatments used to
      counter the nausea produced by chemotherapy. The overall nausea intensity (ONI)
      produced by 17 chemotherapy drugs was estimated by 17 physicians and 8 nurses,
      and 25 patients undergoing chemotherapy described the subjective qualities and
      ONI of their nausea on a modified form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The
      scores for the affective and miscellaneous categories of words in the
      questionnaire were found to correlate significantly with the physicians' and
      nurses' ONI estimates. The results formed the basis for the Nausea Questionnaire,
      which provided three indices of nausea: a nausea rating index (NRI), ONI and
      intensity of nausea according to a visual analogue scale (VAS). All three indices
      correlated significantly with the physicians' and nurses' ONI estimates and were
      significantly intercorrelated. All three also provided significant differences
      when the scores of patients who had received cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil were
      compared. The results indicate that the Nausea Questionnaire provides three valid
      indices of the subjective experience of nausea.

PMID- 4042059
TI  - Relative costs of specialist services in a family practice population.
AB  - The frequency and cost of referrals to specialists in March 1984 for 8980
      rostered patients attending a family practice clinic located in a teaching
      hospital were analysed. The patients made 1891 visits to specialists. In all age
      groups and for all specialties female patients were more likely to be seen. The
      total direct provider costs were higher for female patients than for male
      patients. However, costs per patient seen were higher for male patients, except
      for psychiatry and medicine. Visits to surgeons had the highest total cost, while
      visits to psychiatrists had the highest cost per patient seen. Of the direct
      provider costs 61% was for specialist services. The family physician, in the
      "gatekeeper" role, has an opportunity to control some of the costs of the health
      care system by ensuring that the best and most efficient use is made of the
      referral network.

PMID- 4042060
TI  - Disseminated histoplasmosis in a nonendemic area.

PMID- 4042061
TI  - Cutaneous abscess due to Nocardia after "alternative" therapy for lymphoma.

PMID- 4042062
TI  - Case of tetanus in British Columbia.

PMID- 4042063
TI  - The debate: animals in laboratories.

PMID- 4042064
TI  - From sneakers to vinyl shoes (animal activists).

PMID- 4042065
TI  - Hypnosis: with legitimacy comes questions.

PMID- 4042066
TI  - Smoking: it's time we stopped moralizing about a health issue.

PMID- 4042067
TI  - Ethics and editors: when should unethical research be published?

PMID- 4042068
TI  - Drinking and driving.

PMID- 4042070
TI  - Mitomycin in metastatic breast cancer refractory to hormonal and combination
      chemotherapy.
AB  - Forty-three patients with evaluable metastatic breast cancer refractory to
      hormonal agents and extensive combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin were
      treated with mitomycin, 20 mg/m2 intravenously every 6 weeks. There were five
      partial responses (12%) and three minor responses (7%), with a mean time to
      progression of 5 months and 3.5 months, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was the
      major dose-limiting toxicity, and myelosuppression was cumulative. Cardiac
      dysfunction was observed in 12% of patients. Mitomycin had some antitumor
      activity in this group of metastatic breast cancer patients refractory to
      extensive combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin.

PMID- 4042069
TI  - DNA damage and cell killing. Cause and effect?
AB  - The evidence supporting a cause and effect relationship between DNA damage and
      cell killing is examined in the light of what is currently known about the
      organization and replication of genomic DNA in eukaryotic cells and the radio
      energetics of DNA breakage. A large disparity is identified between
      characteristic doses for cell killing and for the production of DNA lesions
      (i.e., single- or double-strand breaks). In contrast, the sensitive phase of the
      inhibition of DNA synthesis has a dependence on dose quantitatively similar to
      that of cell killing. A model is developed in which single- and double-strand
      breaks are associated with the inhibition of replicon initiation, whereas only
      double-strand breaks are primarily responsible for strand elongation.
      Furthermore, the model points to the replisome and the region of replicated DNA
      just downstream from the fork as the locus of radiation action.

PMID- 4042071
TI  - A phase I and pharmacology study of continuous-infusion low-dose methotrexate
      administration.
AB  - Continuous intravenous infusion of methotrexate (MTX) was evaluated in a Phase I
      study designed to establish the optimal dose rate to provide a minimum of 28 days
      of constant 24-hour drug exposure. Twenty-six courses were administered to 21
      patients at dose rates of 0.75 mg/M2/day to 3 mg/M2/day. Dose-limiting toxicity
      was predominantly stomatitis at the highest dose rates. Thrombocytopenia
      (platelet count less than 100,000) without leukopenia developed in 8 of 26
      courses at the lower dose rates, with or without stomatitis, and was rapidly
      reversible. Serial blood levels revealed detectable serum MTX concentrations at
      all dose rates delivered with mean MTX concentrations varying from 12.8 nM at
      0.75 mg/M2/day to 140 nM at 2.5 mg/M2/day. Total-body clearance of MTX
      approximated renal creatinine clearance. The recommended dose rate for continuous
      infusion of methotrexate is 0.75 mg/M2/day for 28 days, and for shorter durations
      (less than or equal to 14 days), the optimal dose rate is 1.5 mg/M2/day. The
      continuous-infusion schedule for MTX, therefore, results in a substantial
      decrease in the delivered dose compared with that achieved with a bolus schedule.

PMID- 4042072
TI  - 5-Fluorouracil and methotrexate administered simultaneously as a continuous
      infusion. A phase I study.
AB  - Infusion delivery systems have been evaluated for administration of many
      individual chemotherapeutic agents including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and
      methotrexate (MTX). This study combined the two drugs as an admixture, and in a
      Phase I trial design established a useful dose schedule for each of the component
      drugs. 5-FU at a fixed dose rate of 300 mg/M2/day was delivered with methotrexate
      (MTX) at four different dose rates (0.75, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/M2/day,
      respectively). The drug solution was delivered via a subclavian venous access
      with a portable infusion pump in an ambulatory setting. Twenty-nine patients
      received a total of 38 courses of the two-drug infusion: 21 courses were
      delivered with the two agents admixed constantly throughout treatment (Schedule
      A) and 17 were administered the treatment with 5-FU delivered continuously and
      MTX added to the 5-FU for alternate 14-day cycles (Schedule B). For the former
      schedule, dose-rate-limiting toxicity was related to MTX and included stomatitis
      developing at days 8 to 14 (median, day 8) with the higher dose rates (1.5-2.0
      mg/M2/day) and thrombocytopenia developing at days 11 to 56 (median, day 14) at
      the lowest dose rates (1.0 mg/M2/day). For Schedule B, dose-rate-limiting
      toxicity was similarly due to the MTX with thrombocytopenia and/or chemical
      hepatitis developing in six of seven courses of MTX at 1.0 mg/M2/day and in five
      of ten courses delivered at 0.75 mg/M2/day. On Schedule B the MTX-associated
      toxicities were reversed when the MTX administration was interrupted and in the
      face of continued 5-FU infusion. A reasonable dose rate and schedule for
      continuous infusion of 5-FU combined with MTX is: 5-FU 300 mg/M2/day X 28 days
      and MTX 0.75 mg/M2/day for days 1 to 14, with cycles administered consecutively
      each 28 days.

PMID- 4042073
TI  - Transthoracic fine-needle aspiration. Experience in a cancer center.
AB  - The authors summarize 5 years' experience with transthoracic fine-needle
      aspiration (TFNA) in 180 patients. Aspirated tumors tended to be large and
      peripheral. A large pneumothorax was seen after 4.3% of aspirations, and various
      minor complications followed another 23.3%. Emphysema was a significant risk
      factor for complications. Follow-up confirmed 151 cancers, with a wide variety of
      origins and histologic types. In the diagnosis of cancer, TFNA cytology had a
      specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 82%. Positive TFNA findings usually
      provided the earliest microscopic diagnosis of cancer or of cancer stage.

PMID- 4042074
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Prognostic factors
      and results of therapy.
AB  - Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (AE and GE) are
      uncommon neoplasms with a poor prognosis. AE or GE are usually analyzed as part
      of the larger group of carcinomas in patients with either epidermoid carcinoma of
      the esophagus or with gastric cancer. The prognostic variables and outcome of
      therapy for patients with AE and GE alone have not been well described. The
      records of 131 patients treated at Memorial Hospital during the period 1978 to
      1982 were reviewed. The majority underwent surgery as their primary therapy.
      Clinical staging was found to be highly inaccurate, with almost all patients
      having Stage III disease at surgery. Operative mortality was 7.1%. Adjuvant
      chemotherapy did not appear to influence survival. Treatment of advanced disease
      with either conventional or investigational agents yielded modest objective
      response rates. Prognostic variables for those presenting with locoregional
      disease who were candidates for potentially curative surgery were analyzed. Only
      the presence or absence of weight loss and location of the primary tumor (AE
      versus GE) were significant variables. A model for predicting survival was
      employed.

PMID- 4042075
TI  - Gynecomastia in testicular cancer patients. Prognostic and therapeutic
      implications.
AB  - Eighty-one patients with advanced testicular cancer were evaluated for
      gynecomastia or severe breast tenderness at diagnosis and after platinum-based
      chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of gynecomastia in these two settings
      was explored. At presentation, 10% (8 patients) had gynecomastia or breast
      tenderness and elevated HCG levels. The likelihood of gynecomastia was greater
      with increasing HCG level (P = 0.002). However, gynecomastia at presentation was
      a more powerful independent discriminant of poor survival than the initial HCG
      level by multivariate analysis (P = 0.004). Fifteen percent (12 patients)
      developed transient gynecomastia after chemotherapy not attributable to other
      known causes. HCG levels were normal. Endocrine evaluation typically revealed
      elevated FSH, LH, and estradiol/testosterone ratios. This may have reflected
      damage to testicular germinal epithelium. All 12 patients are alive without
      disease in contrast to the 8 patients who had gynecomastia at diagnosis. Therapy
      decisions should therefore be based on the time of onset of gynecomastia and in
      the context of appropriate clinical markers and evaluation.

PMID- 4042077
TI  - The human B-cell lineage cell line ARH-77.

PMID- 4042076
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma in the Middle East. A study of 34 cases.
AB  - The clinical features of 34 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma diagnosed at the
      American University Medical Center (AUMC) are described. Ages ranged between 3
      and 20 years (median, 7 years). Seventy-three percent of the patients were
      younger than 8 years. Three cases occurred among siblings. The primary site of
      disease at presentation was the abdomen, 23 patients; jaw, 6; jaw and abdomen, 2;
      Waldeyer's ring, 2; and mediastinum, 1. Of those who had abdominal disease, the
      involvement was diffuse and extensive in abdomen and pelvis in 9, apparently
      confined to the ileocecal region in 5, mesenteric nodes and small intestine in 5,
      large intestine in 1, and ovary in 3. One patient presented with paraplegia. The
      bone marrow was studied in 19 patients; it was positive in 5 and suspicious in 2.
      None had frank leukemia. CSF was studied in 4 patients at presentation and was
      negative. Eight patients developed meningeal lymphoma during the course of the
      disease. Liver involvement was documented in 3 patients. Peripheral
      lymphadenopathy was observed at presentation in 11 patients (9, neck; 2, inguinal
      + axillary). In contrast to African Burkitt's, the majority of our patients
      presented with abdominal disease, and in contrast to the American form, our
      patients were younger with a median age similar to that of African Burkitt's.
      Thirty percent of the patients had jaw tumor at presentation--a figure
      intermediate between the African and the American Burkitt's.

PMID- 4042078
TI  - Effects of a new benzodiazepine derivative, ethyl loflazepate (CM6912), on the
      arousal level of normal humans assessed by the averaged photopalpebral reflex.
AB  - The effects of a new benzodiazepine derivative, ethyl loflazepate (CM6912), on
      the arousal level of normal male human subjects were investigated by use of the
      averaged photopalpebral reflex (PPR), the latency of which is sensitively
      prolonged with the lowering of the arousal level. Four doses of ethyl
      loflazepate, i.e., 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, and 8 mg, and a placebo were administered to
      each subject 30 min after lunch according to a double-blind, crossover design.
      Ethyl loflazepate prolonged both latencies of PPR in a dose-dependent manner. The
      dose-response curves for both latencies, derived from the maximum prolongation,
      showed a definite and linear dose-response relationship. The drug action occurred
      within 1 h, peaked at 2.5-3 h, and continued slightly even 4 h after medication.
      In the subjective assessments, vagueness of thought, sleepiness, and weakness
      were only slightly observed. These results suggest that ethyl loflazepate could
      be a potent hypnotic and/or anxiolytic which possesses a relatively rapid onset
      of action with moderate duration and has no severe side effects.

PMID- 4042079
TI  - Clinical and subclinical thiamine deficiency in clinical practice.
AB  - Six patients with gross thiamine deficiency found during normal psychiatric
      practice in England are described. Two surveys of newly admitted psychiatric
      patients are recounted. A major degree of biochemical deficiency, with or without
      minimal clinical manifestations, was found. Only three (1%) of 326 patients
      surveyed had gross clinical deficiency. It is thought that severe thiamine
      deficiency, though rare in the Western countries, has not been eradicated.
      Deficiency may cause psychiatric conditions like Wernicke's encephalopathy or may
      be a secondary feature in mental illness due to anorexia, in reduced food intake,
      and in poor nutrition. The importance of being aware of the possibility for
      correct diagnosis is emphasised.

PMID- 4042080
TI  - Baclofen-induced memory impairment.

PMID- 4042081
TI  - Nomifensine in advanced parkinsonism.

PMID- 4042082
TI  - Transient global amnesia induced by lorazepam.

PMID- 4042083
TI  - Symposium on methodology and quality assurance in cancer clinical trials.
      Washington, DC, October 24-26, 1984.

PMID- 4042084
TI  - Response surface methodology and the design of clinical trials for the evaluation
      of cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 4042085
TI  - Factorial designs for randomized clinical trials.

PMID- 4042086
TI  - Tree-structured survival analysis.
AB  - In this note, tree-structured recursive partitioning schemes for classification,
      probability class estimation, and regression are adapted to cover censored
      survival analysis. The only assumptions required are those which guarantee
      identifiability of conditional distributions of lifetime given covariates. Thus,
      the techniques are applicable to more general situations than are those of the
      famous semi-parametric model of Cox.

PMID- 4042087
TI  - Regression models for prognostic prediction: advantages, problems, and suggested
      solutions.
AB  - Multiple regression models have wide applicability in predicting the outcome of
      patients with a variety of diseases. However, many researchers are using such
      models without validating the necessary assumptions. All too frequently,
      researchers also "overfit" the data by developing models using too many predictor
      variables and insufficient sample sizes. Models developed in this way are
      unlikely to stand the test of validation on a separate patient sample. Without
      attempting such a validation, the researcher remains unaware that overfitting has
      occurred. When the ratio of the number of patients suffering endpoints to the
      number of potential predictors is small (say less than 10), data reduction
      methods are available that can greatly improve the performance of regression
      models. Regression models can make more accurate predictions than other methods
      such as stratification and recursive partitioning, when model assumptions are
      thoroughly examined; steps are taken (ie, choosing another model or transforming
      the data) when assumptions are violated; and the method of model formulation does
      not result in overfitting the data.

PMID- 4042088
TI  - Size of phase III cancer clinical trials.

PMID- 4042090
TI  - Policies for interim analysis and interim reporting of results.
AB  - The key ethical issues involved in developing policies for interim reports and
      interim analyses are considered. Then the twin topics of the appropriate contents
      of interim reports and the components of an appropriate interim analysis are
      discussed. Finally, suggested policies are offered.

PMID- 4042089
TI  - The doctor's dilemma: physician participation in randomized clinical trials.

PMID- 4042091
TI  - Eligibility exclusions, losses to follow-up, removal of randomized patients, and
      uncounted events in cancer clinical trials.
AB  - This paper reviews the potential impact of eligibility exclusions, losses to
      follow-up, removal of randomized patients from the analyzed data, and failure to
      count all observed events on the interpretation of cancer clinical trials. The
      pragmatic and explanatory approaches to these problems are presented, and it is
      argued that most clinical trials yield data that are suitable for answering
      pragmatic questions. Thus, the pragmatic approach to these problems is stressed.

PMID- 4042092
TI  - Influence of measurement error on response rates.

PMID- 4042093
TI  - An efficient design for phase III studies of combination chemotherapies.

PMID- 4042094
TI  - Food and Drug Administration requirements for approval of new anticancer drugs.
AB  - For approval of new drugs, the law requires a minimum of two independent well
      controlled studies for each indication. The preferred study design is
      prospective, randomized, and comparative. The use of historical controls, while
      sometimes acceptable, must be justified. A favorable effect on survival and/or
      quality of life is generally required for approval. The study of cancer drugs in
      combination presents problems which are discussed. Drug firms are strongly urged
      to discuss the protocols with the Food and Drug Administration prior to
      initiating phase III comparative studies to be used for approval of the drug.

PMID- 4042095
TI  - Applicability of phase I trial results in the design of phase II and III
      biological response modifier trials.

PMID- 4042096
TI  - Site visit monitoring program of the clinical cooperative groups: results of the
      first 3 years.

PMID- 4042097
TI  - Quality assurance in a cooperative group.
AB  - Quality control in a large cooperative group involves a number of different
      levels of checking which can be divided into three main sections: quality control
      in data management, quality control in special areas, and the verification that
      events on paper reflect real events in the clinic. Quality control in special
      areas is the province of those using various techniques and disciplines and it
      will not be discussed in this overview, since others will cover the monitoring of
      radiation therapy, standardization of biochemical tests, and pathology review.

PMID- 4042098
TI  - Clinical quality assurance in the pharmaceutical industry.

PMID- 4042099
TI  - Quality assurance of radiotherapy in clinical trials.

PMID- 4042100
TI  - Pathology quality control in the cooperative clinical cancer trial programs.
AB  - Pathology quality control is an essential part of clinical cancer research.
      However, pathology review for every study may not be practical; therefore, review
      in most cooperative groups will be performed only for selected protocols. The
      selection process should include those neoplasms with an expected diagnostic
      error rate which would affect the outcome of the study. Unfortunately, complete
      information about the diagnostic error rate for various neoplasms is not
      available at the present time; however, enough information is available from the
      pathology review experiences of the last decade to draw some general guidelines.
      All lymphomas should have pathology quality control review as should rare or
      difficult-to-diagnose neoplasms. Early cancer is likely to cause diagnostic
      disagreement, so protocols designed to evaluate various treatment options for
      such neoplasms should include pathology review. The diagnostic error rate for far
      advanced carcinoma, most adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and
      squamous cell carcinomas, is so low that routine pathologic quality control
      review is not cost-effective, in our opinion. However, pathology review may be
      pathology research, and in this circumstance, pathology review will be carried
      out to answer research questions. Whether or not pathology quality control review
      is needed should be determined at the time of development of each protocol.

PMID- 4042101
TI  - Hospital ethics committees: a pediatric neurosurgical perspective.
AB  - The Pediatric Neurosurgical Section of the American Association of Neurological
      Surgeons was polled regarding the status of hospital ethics committees. Twenty
      four committees were identified in 74 pediatric neurosurgical centers in the
      United States. (Thirteen of these were formed between October 1983 and February
      1984.) In addition, 21 are in the planning stages. Physicians predominate, with
      nurses, hospital administrators, the clergy, social workers, attorneys and lay
      persons usually represented. Functions include review of ethical and patient care
      decisions and providing counsel and support primarily to physicians and nurses.
      Rarely do committees make policy, determine prognosis or make final decisions
      regarding life-support systems. Approximately one case per year is reviewed.
      Committee formation frequently appears to be a crisis response to highly
      publicized pediatric cases and recent positions of the Department of Health and
      Human Services. Their purpose, construct, function and utilization raise serious
      questions as to their usefulness and necessity.

PMID- 4042102
TI  - Transplacental induction of myeloschisis associated with hindbrain crowding and
      other malformations in the central nervous system in Long-Evans rats.
AB  - Nine groups of 66 pregnant rats, grouped by gestation days 11 to 19, were
      subjected to a single, intragastric administration of ethylenethiourea (ETU).
      Cesarean section was performed on gestation day 20. No dam died following the ETU
      treatment, although a mortality as high as 21.2% was noted among the fetuses in
      this group; the remaining live fetuses were found to suffer from a high incidence
      of myeloschisis associated with hindbrain crowding. Exencephaly and abnormally
      enlarged head with occipital bossing due to the herniation of the mesencephalic
      tectum, with and without dilation of the mesencephalic and 4th ventricles, were
      induced among the fetuses of the dams given ETU at gestation days 12 and 13.
      Various degrees of hydranencephaly and dysplastic hydrocephalus were found among
      the fetuses of dams treated by ETU from gestation days 14 to 18. From the
      histological features of these malformations of the central nervous system (CNS),
      a possible mechanism in the induction of myeloschisis with hindbrain crowding
      induced by ETU is discussed, and compared with the previously reported similar
      malformations induced by trypan blue.

PMID- 4042103
TI  - Shunt placement and myelomeningocele repair: simultaneous vs sequential shunting.
      Review of 12 cases.
AB  - The optimal management of patients with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus is
      facilitated by a constant review of the patients with the aid of the sonogram and
      CT scan. Six infants treated with simultaneous shunt placement and
      myelomeningocele repair were compared with six other neonates treated with
      conventional sequential myelomeningocele repairs requiring a second separate
      procedure for shunt placement. Infants operated upon simultaneously experienced
      no increase in morbidity or mortality and appeared to benefit substantially.

PMID- 4042104
TI  - In vitro evaluation of CSF shunt function by radionuclides.
AB  - An in vitro study of clearance of a radiolabeled marker was conducted on nine
      commonly used shunting devices. Clearance of 0.5 ml of 113mIn-diethylenetriamine
      pentaacetic acid (DTPA) injected into the chamber, by water infused through the
      system at constant rate (0.034-0.46 ml/min), was measured by monitoring activity
      over the chamber and accumulating counts at 5-s intervals on a multichannel
      analyzer. Each flow rate was triplicated, and a graph of log value of counts
      versus time made. A mean t1/2 was computed for each flow rate and a new graph
      constructed. A best-fit curve constructed for the graph of each shunt system
      allows determination of flow rate for a known half time of isotope clearance.

PMID- 4042105
TI  - Severe head injury in children: early prognosis and outcome.
AB  - The outcome is reported in 62 children with severe head injuries following a road
      traffic accident. All patients were comatose for at least 6 h; all patients were
      graded using the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) or the Children Coma Score (CCS). Fifty
      four patients were comatose immediately after injury, 8 after a lucid interval.
      Thirty patients had isolated head injuries and 32 had associated injuries, either
      long bone fractures or rupture of an abdominal organ. Additional information
      concerning main brainstem reflexes, posture and respiration was included in the
      study. The overall mortality was 32%. The goal of the study was to identify those
      clinical features available soon after injury which are important indicators of
      treatment and outcome.

PMID- 4042106
TI  - Short-term culture of pediatric brain tumors.
AB  - Three short-term culture systems were applied to ten pediatric brain tumors and
      two samples each of normal child's brain and fetal brain. Growth in monolayer
      occurred in nine of the ten tumors but normal child's brain also produced
      cellular growth in these conditions. Six of nine tumors tested also formed
      colonies in suspension in semisolid or liquid conditions which did not permit the
      growth of normal glial cells. Astrocytomas and medulloblastomas have distinctive
      growth patterns both in monolayer and in suspension culture. Fetal brain from
      midtrimester abortions contained cells which, like tumor, formed colonies in
      suspension. The semisolid culture system was then used to test the sensitivity of
      brain tumor stem cells to drugs and radiation in vitro. Survival curves
      representative of our experience with the medulloblastomas and astrocytomas are
      presented. It is concluded that the system may have value in screening new agents
      for activity against children's brain tumors but because of the relative rarity
      of these diseases, a cooperative effort would be required to produce useful
      results.

PMID- 4042107
TI  - Intracranial sarcoma in childhood.
AB  - Three cases of intracranial sarcomas in children are presented. The children were
      1 month, 8 months and 7.5 years old. In two cases the tumor was in the cerebral
      hemisphere and in one case (the 7.5-year-old child) in the cerebellum. The
      histopathological diagnosis was undifferentiated sarcoma and spindle cell sarcoma
      in the cases with tumor in the cerebral hemisphere and arachnoidal sarcoma of the
      cerebellum. There was one postoperative death. The two children subjected to
      postoperative X-ray therapy and cytostatic therapy survived 1.75 years and 7
      months, respectively.

PMID- 4042108
TI  - The application of evoked potentials in the diagnosis and follow-up of children
      with intracranial tumors.
AB  - Somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (SSEPs and BAEPs) provide
      sensitive measures of the central conduction functions of the auditory and
      somatosensory input systems at different levels of the central nervous system.
      The contribution of SSEPs and BAEPs in the primary diagnosis and follow-up of 26
      children with infra- and supratentorial tumors were reviewed. The SSEPs,
      especially the specific complex, showed a latency increase in patients with
      supratentorial and brainstem mass lesions involving directly or distantly the
      somatosensory tracts. The BAEPs were sensitive for supratentorial pressure
      effects and for local and distant posterior fossa tumor effects. In the follow-up
      of children, evoked potentials offer a good method of detecting tumor recurrence,
      whereas neuroradiological procedures may be obscured by surgical or radiation
      artifacts.

PMID- 4042109
TI  - A cranial nail for fetal shunting.
AB  - A small number of human fetal hydrocephalics have been treated by
      ventriculoamniotic shunts of silastic tubing. The Colorado device appears to be
      the one most commonly used. The original experimental device tested on a primate
      model resembled a hollow shingle nail. This was designed by Michedja and Hodgen,
      contained a spring valve, measured approximately 32 X 4 mm and was placed by
      hysterotomy. An attractive feature of this design was its fixation by impaction
      in the skull, preventing displacement by fetal activity, a reported disadvantage
      with the silastic devices. To our knowledge, no one has used this nail-like
      design and tailored it to transuterine percutaneous placement in a human case.

PMID- 4042110
TI  - A rapid mass-spectrometric procedure for probing the non-reducing structures of
      lactosaminoglycan-containing glycoconjugates.

PMID- 4042111
TI  - Experimental modification of N-linked sugars of membrane proteins in a lymphoma
      cell line affects the binding of soybean agglutinin but not of several other
      lectins.

PMID- 4042112
TI  - A convenient method for methylation of glycoprotein glycans in small amounts by
      using lithium methylsulfinyl carbanion.
AB  - Treatment of dimethyl sulfoxide with butyllithium leads to rapid formation of
      lithium methylsulfinyl carbanion. The reaction products tend to be significantly
      freer from impurities when lithium methylsulfinyl carbanion is used rather than
      sodium or potassium methylsulfinyl carbanion. This reagent gives less background
      in g.l.c. and thus may be used to methylate micro-quantities of glycoprotein
      glycans (down to 10 micrograms) without the necessity of identifying methyl
      ethers by mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4042113
TI  - Mechanism of liposoluble drugs and general anaesthetic's membrane action: action
      of difluorodichloromethane (FC 12) on different types of cardiac fibres isolated
      from sheep hearts.
AB  - The effect of difluorodichloromethane (FC 12), a chemically stable aerosol
      propellant which has long been considered innocuous, on several types of cardiac
      fibres isolated from sheep hearts after preparation in a nutritive solution was
      studied. Modifications in resistance and transmembrane potentials suggested a
      mechanism of FC 12 action. Physical constraint on membrane structures produced by
      high FC 12 concentrations from simple dissolution in the internal lipid layer
      explain modifications in cardiac membrane properties. Variable effects of FC 12
      with localisation and time on automatism, excitability, and conduction in various
      types of cardiac tissue agreed with earlier observations of the depressive and
      arrhythmia effect of this gas on isolated and in situ hearts.

PMID- 4042114
TI  - Effect of clonidine and naloxone on the pressor response during contraction of
      cat hind-limb muscles.
AB  - The possible involvement of an adrenergic-endorphin system in the mediation of
      the pressor response to isometric muscular contraction was studied in cats.
      Fatiguing contractions of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles caused an
      increase in the mean arterial blood pressure by 35 to 70 mmHg. Intravenous
      infusion (30 micrograms X kg-1) as well as intracisternal injection (2.5
      micrograms) of clonidine-HCl eliminated the pressor response to muscular
      contraction. In both sets of experiments, the mean blood pressure remained at the
      resting level throughout the duration of the isometric contraction. Injection of
      naloxone (0.5 mumol X litre-1) into the cisterna magna did not alter the resting
      blood pressure and did not affect the rise in mean arterial pressure during
      muscle contractions. Intracisternal injection of naloxone (0.5 mumol X litre-1)
      prior to an intracisternal injection of clonidine (2.5 micrograms) did not alter
      the resting blood pressure but effectively antagonised the anti-pressor effects
      of clonidine during fatiguing isometric contractions. These data may indicate
      that activation of muscle "ergoreceptor" afferents (group III and IV fibres)
      during muscular contraction may cause an increase in the arterial blood pressure
      by interfering with an inhibitory adrenergic-endorphinergic pathway in the
      brainstem.

PMID- 4042116
TI  - Subendocardial and subepicardial segmental function changes in the dog heart due
      to gradual coronary flow reduction by an acutely developing thrombus.
AB  - Regional myocardial dynamics were assessed during continuous, gradual coronary
      flow reductions caused by spontaneous thrombus formation in the stenosed left
      circumflex coronary artery of eight open chest dogs. Contractile changes in the
      subendocardial and subepicardial layers were measured by ultrasonic crystal
      techniques. Segment length shortening was continuously measured as coronary flow
      reductions occurred. Contractile dysfunction in the subendocardium preceded that
      in the subepicardium. At lowest flow levels the subendocardial function
      degenerated to severe holosystolic bulging whereas some systolic shortening was
      maintained in the subepicardium. Exponential equations derived to express changes
      in end diastolic segment length and end systolic length as a function of coronary
      blood flow for both subendocardium and subepicardium indicated that increases in
      end systolic length were a more sensitive index of ischaemia than increases in
      end diastolic length for both the subendocardium and subepicardium during
      coronary flow reduction. Comparison of exponential curves of end diastolic
      segment length vs coronary blood flow in subendocardium and subepicardium showed
      a small but significant difference (p less than 0.02). Comparison of exponential
      curves of end systolic length vs coronary blood flow in subendocardium and
      subepicardium showed a large difference in changes at end systole occurring
      between subendocardium and subepicardium (p less than 0.001). Active contraction
      of the subepicardium may serve to limit the extent of paradoxical systolic
      segment lengthening in the underlying ischaemic myocardium and thus help to
      preserve ventricular function during acute gradual coronary flow limitation.

PMID- 4042115
TI  - The beneficial effect of amrinone on acute drug-induced heart failure in the
      anaesthetised dog.
AB  - Amrinone, a positive inotropic-vasodilator agent, was administered to
      anaesthetised dogs in an attempt to reverse heart failure induced by drugs
      possessing negative inotropic properties. Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker;
      verapamil, a calcium slow-channel blocker procainamide, a type 1 antiarrhythmic
      agent; or sodium pentobarbital, a barbituate; administered as a bolus injection
      and/or infusion, produced a sustained depression in canine cardiac function.
      Cardiac depression was characterised by a greater than 40% reduction in cardiac
      contractile force (CF) and maximum left ventricular pressure development (LV
      dp/dtmax), a 30 to 50% reduction in cardiac output (CO) and concomitant increases
      in mean central venous or mean right atrial blood pressures (CVP, RAP,
      respectively). Amrinone, when administered intravenously as a bolus injection (1
      or 3 mg X kg-1) plus an infusion (0.03 or 0.1 mg X kg-1 X min-1) reversed the
      depression in cardiac function by increasing CF, CO and LV dp/dtmax and
      decreasing preload CVP or RAP in all four drug-induced failure models. Due to the
      vasodilator properties of amrinone, afterload, total peripheral resistance (TPR),
      was reduced in verapamil and procainamide failures as well as in propranolol
      failure, the only model where TPR increases. In another model of heart failure,
      in which ouabain-induced arrhythmias preceded procainamide toxicity, amrinone was
      also an effective cardiotonic agent. Ouabain's inotropic effect was studied in
      propranolol-induced heart failure. Although an increase in LV dp/dtmax and a
      decrease in CVP were noted, ouabain (40 micrograms X kg-1 iv) increased TPR and
      had little effect on the depression in CF and CO. Drug-induced models of heart
      failure were useful pharmacological tools for evaluating the cardiotonic agent's
      ability to overcome severe cardiac depression. In propranolol-, verapamil-,
      procainamide-, and pentobarbital-induced cardiac toxicity, amrinone could be of
      therapeutic value.

PMID- 4042118
TI  - Abstracts of symposium organised by the Cardiac Muscle Research Group. Bath, 16
      April 1985.

PMID- 4042117
TI  - Calf muscle adaptation to peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - 130 muscle biopsies were taken from the gastrocnemius of 82 patients with
      different degrees of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and 19 normal controls for
      histochemical analysis, and 30 patients and 7 controls for biochemical analysis
      of "aerobic" and "anaerobic" enzymes. The results showed that the gastrocnemius
      of patients with PVD did not adapt by increasing its "aerobic" potential as
      previously suggested. Histochemical studies showed that the cross-sectional area
      of both Type 1 and Type 2 muscle fibres became smaller than those from age
      matched controls in the presence of PVD, and in some cases biopsies from both
      legs confirmed that this trend was greater in those limbs with increasing
      evidence of PVD. There is also some evidence to suggest a decrease in absolute
      capillary numbers per muscle fibre. The biochemical assays confirmed decreased
      levels of aerobic enzymes with increasing evidence of PVD as judged by ankle
      systolic pressure, and those patients with intermittent claudication showed some
      evidence of increased anaerobic enzyme levels in comparison to both the normal
      controls and those with rest pain. Patients with PVD do not adapt to
      ischaemia/anoxia by increasing their aerobic capability, but show signs of muscle
      atrophy probably due to reduced mobility. Training regimes may benefit patients
      with intermittent claudication by reversing these changes.

PMID- 4042119
TI  - Inhibition of the baroreceptor heart rate reflex by angiotensin II in normal man.
AB  - Eight normotensive male subjects were infused with angiotensin II or
      phenylephrine in a single blind fashion. Measurements were made of blood pressure
      and pulse interval every 3 min, and blood drawn for plasma catecholamines at the
      beginning and end of the infusion. Phenylephrine produced a rise in blood
      pressure which was associated with a bradycardia in all subjects. A statistically
      significant relationship between blood pressure and pulse interval was observed
      in all subjects. In contrast, angiotensin II infusion produced an equal pressor
      response, but the change in pulse interval was statistically significantly less
      than that seen following phenylephrine infusion. In seven of eight subjects no
      significant relationship was observed between blood pressure and pulse interval.
      Plasma noradrenaline levels were similar before each pressor infusion and were
      unchanged during each infusion. These observations are consistent with central
      inhibition of the baroreceptor heart rate reflex by angiotensin II in man.

PMID- 4042120
TI  - Lack of effect of anti-hypertensive treatment with felodipine on cardiovascular
      structure of young spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Felodipine (4(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2, 6-dimethyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5
      methoxycarbonyl pyridine)), a selective vasodilating anti-hypertensive drug, was
      used in the treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and age-matched
      Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) from age 6 to 14 weeks, ie during the time of high blood
      pressure development in SHRs. The effect of treatment on heart weight and on
      mesenteric resistance vessels (i.d. ca 170 microns) characteristics was
      investigated. In a first study, two oral doses of felodipine were added to the
      diet of SHRs, in concentrations of either 0.5 or 1.5 mg X g-1 rat food. Both
      treatments lowered mean arterial pressure by about 19% (p less than 0.001). In a
      second study, the lower dose of felodipine (0.5 mg . g-1 rat food) was therefore
      used to treat both SHRs and WKYs. Treatment did not interfere with weight or food
      intake of either SHRs or WKYs but increased average weekly water intake
      significantly. In neither strain was the pulse rate or, surprisingly, heart/body
      weight ratio affected by treatment. Furthermore, mesenteric resistance vessel
      morphology and mechanics were not affected by the blood pressure reduction. The
      noradrenaline and calcium sensitivity of mesenteric resistance vessels from
      treated rats was greater (p less than 0.001) than those from control rats. These
      findings indicate that blood pressure reduction with felodipine does not affect
      cardiovascular structure in young SHRs.

PMID- 4042121
TI  - Reversal of strophanthidin negative inotropy by metabolic substrates in cardiac
      Purkinje fibres.
AB  - The action of substrates and metabolic inhibitors on strophanthidin inotropy was
      studied in canine cardiac Purkinje fibres perfused in vitro. Both membrane
      potentials and contractile force were recorded. The results show that: 1)
      pyruvate (1 to 10 mmol X litre-1) decreases and then increases contractile force
      in Tyrode solution or in the presence of a low concentration of strophanthidin
      without modifying the action potential magnitude or configuration; 2) during the
      decreasing (but not the increasing) phase of strophanthidin (2 to 5 X 10(-7) mol
      X litre-1) inotropy, pyruvate increases contractile force; 3) beta
      hydroxybutyrate has effects similar to those of pyruvate; 4) glucose increases
      contractile force and more so during the descending phase of strophanthidin
      inotropy; 5) the positive inotropic effect of pyruvate during declining
      strophanthidin inotropy is not prevented by glucose-lack and/or by iodoacetate
      but is markedly reduced in a hypoxic solution; 6) in contrast, glucose under
      similar conditions has the usual effects in hypoxia but not in the presence of
      iodoacetate; 7) the combination of hypoxia and glucose-lack leads to a decline in
      contractile force and to contracture: strophanthidin increases both contractile
      and resting force whereas O2 and/or glucose relax the contracture; 8) pyruvate
      has a positive inotropic effect also in the presence of high (greater than 10
      mmol X litre-1) calcium. It is concluded that the decline in contractile force
      during exposure to strophanthidin or high calcium can be reversed by providing
      suitable substrates and therefore may involve a deficit in the production of high
      energy phosphates.

PMID- 4042122
TI  - Verapamil induced increment of oxygen extraction in the arteriosclerotic limb.
AB  - The acute effect of intravenously administered verapamil (0.08 mg X kg-1 body
      weight, mean dose 5.1 +/- 0.7 mg) on oxygen exchange and arterial blood flow
      (measured electromagnetically) of the lower limb was studied during
      reconstructive arterial surgery in 17 patients with obliterative arterial disease
      of the lower limbs. Verapamil increased oxygen extraction in the diseased leg by
      12% (from a median value of 28.3 to 31.6 ml X litre-1, p less than 0.01) whereas
      it had no effect on arterial blood flow. The increment of oxygen extraction after
      drug administration correlated negatively with the walking distance of the
      patients (r = 0.69, p less than 0.01). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure
      decreased significantly by 10% and 6%, respectively, whereas heart rate remained
      unchanged after the administration of verapamil. The results suggest that
      verapamil might be beneficial in the treatment of patients with intermittent
      claudication, despite the fact that no vasodilatation was seen after the drug.

PMID- 4042124
TI  - Isoprenaline-evinced disturbances in action potentials from hearts of young
      cardiomyopathic hamsters.
AB  - The electrophysiology of ventricular cells from prenecrotic stage 10 to 14 day
      old hamsters with hereditary cardiomyopathy (BIO 14.6 strain) was studied with
      the intent of learning more about the previously documented relationship of
      stimulation with beta-adrenergic agonist and the sarcolemmal defect contributing
      to the excessive uptake of calcium by diseased cells. Before catecholamine
      treatment only slight differences were observed in the configuration of action
      potentials of myopathics and control random bred hamsters (BIO RB strain).
      However, isoprenaline in varying concentrations, increased the action potential
      duration (APD) at 50% and 95% repolarisation levels to a significantly greater
      extent in myopathics than in controls. Repetition of the dose-response to
      isoprenaline in the presence of the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (0.1
      mumol X litre-1) permitted the calculation of the dissociation equilibrium
      constant for the antagonist. The similarity of dissociation constants between
      strains, 0.008 mumol X litre-1 for controls and 0.011 mumol X litre-1 for
      myopathics, suggests that a difference in interstrain receptor affinities is an
      unlikely cause of the isoprenaline effect. Rather, the data are more consistent
      with the hyper-sensitivity resulting from larger numbers of beta-adrenoceptors on
      sarcolemma of myopathic cells. Also, the increase in APD of myopathics indicates
      that isoproterenol elicits an imbalance of slow inward calcium and late outward
      potassium currents. The possible significance of the isoprenaline hyper
      sensitivity, which is the earliest pathophysiology seen in this disease, to the
      etiology of cellular calcium overload and degeneration of diseased myocardium
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 4042123
TI  - Effect of adenosine deaminase inhibitors on myocardial reactive hyperaemia
      following brief coronary occlusions.
AB  - Effect of two agents of adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 8-azaguanine and adenine,
      on myocardial reactive hyperaemia was tested in the anaesthetised open-chest dog.
      Reactive hyperaemic flow response of the circumflex coronary artery was observed
      following 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 s coronary occlusions before, during and after
      infusion of 8-azaguanine and adenine, which are known as adenosine deaminase
      inhibitors. Intracoronary infusion of 8-azaguanine and adenine caused the minimum
      increase in the baseline coronary flow. Both the nucleic acids shifted the dose
      response curve of adenosine to the left. 8-azaguanine enhanced volume response of
      flow at all occlusion intervals tested. The infused dose of adenine also
      intensified volume response of flow after 5, 15, 20 and 30 s occlusions. Fifteen
      minutes after termination of the nucleic acid infusions, the reactive hyperaemia
      returned towards control levels. The results suggest that 8-azaguanine and
      adenine enhance myocardial reactive hyperaemia possibly by inhibiting adenosine
      deaminase to degradate myocardial interstitial adenosine to inosine.

PMID- 4042125
TI  - [Risks in handling antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents].

PMID- 4042126
TI  - [Intermittently studied dynamics of systolic time intervals in intensive care
      units].

PMID- 4042127
TI  - [Soviet research on the regeneration and transplantation of central nervous
      system tissue].

PMID- 4042128
TI  - [Problems in environmental protection in relation to pharmacology].

PMID- 4042129
TI  - [The present state of male contraception].

PMID- 4042130
TI  - [Basic health care of the aged].

PMID- 4042131
TI  - [12 or 16 hours of hemodialysis weekly? A Czechoslovak coil dialyzer, 2 x 6 or 2
      x 8 hours weekly].

PMID- 4042132
TI  - [Calcium ions, calmodulin and acquired resistance to cytostatic agents].

PMID- 4042133
TI  - Selective destruction and regeneration of rat Leydig cells in vivo. A new method
      for the study of seminiferous tubular-interstitial tissue interaction.
AB  - The effect of a single i.p. administration of ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS)
      upon rat testicular histology was studied by light microscopy and morphometry up
      to 4 weeks after treatment. One day after injection the interstitial tissue
      exhibited degenerating Leydig cells, abundant pyknotic interstitial cells,
      deposition of cellular debris and extensive networks of fibrillar material.
      Macrophages contained greatly increased numbers of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies.
      From 3 to 7 days morphometric analysis showed that Leydig cells and cellular
      debris had disappeared from the interstitial tissue, leaving only macrophages,
      fibroblasts and lymphatic endothelial tissue. A very small number of new Leydig
      cells were seen on day 14, often located in peritubular or perivascular
      positions. Regeneration of foetal-like Leydig cells occurred by 4 weeks, their
      cytoplasm containing large lipid inclusions and, numerous Leydig cells were often
      observed closely applied to the walls of the seminiferous tubules. The
      observations suggest that, after experimental destruction and depletion of Leydig
      cells, an interstitial precursor cell, as yet unidentified, gives rise to a new
      Leydig cell population. EDS thus offers a valuable opportunity to study further
      the interactions between the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial tissue
      following the destruction and subsequent regeneration of the Leydig cells.

PMID- 4042134
TI  - Three-day continuous drainage of pancreatic juice in the cortisone-treated
      conscious rat: analysis of enzyme activities and ultrastructural changes.
AB  - We have investigated the short-term effects of hydrocortisone (60 mg/kg per day)
      and placebo on basal and stimulated pancreatic secretion in the conscious rat.
      Volume and enzyme secretion were determined; fine structural changes were
      examined simultaneously. The pancreatic and bile ducts were cannulated
      separately; pancreatic juice was drained via an isolated fistula, and bile was
      recirculated into the duodenum. The application of hydrocortisone led to an
      almost complete inhibition of the secretory response of the exocrine pancreas
      when stimulated with 0.25 U secretin in combination with 5 X 10(-8) g caerulein
      per h. It strongly affected the secretion rates of volume, protein, lipase,
      chymotrypsin, trypsin and carboxypeptidase, whereas the secretion rate of alpha
      amylase continued to show a slight increase after stimulation. After stimulation
      with secretin and caerulein, the hydrocortisone-treated animals showed a higher
      density of zymogen granules in the acinar cell and an increase in the number of
      autophagic vacuoles in comparison to the equally stimulated placebo-treated rats.
      It is concluded that the short-term inhibition of pancreatic secretion by
      hydrocortisone occurs largely as a result of an inhibition of cellular enzyme
      discharge.

PMID- 4042136
TI  - Potassium concentration in membrane-associated particles in the epiphyseal growth
      plate.
AB  - Electron-dense particles with a diameter of 50-200 nm have been observed at the
      cell membrane of chondrocytes in the zone of the initiation and advance of
      mineralization, using the dark field STEM mode. Electron-probe x-ray
      microanalysis and laser microprobe mass analysis indicate that these particles
      contain predominantly K and Na. They appear only in dry thin sections of shock
      frozen, freeze-dried embedded tissue and not in sections of water-treated
      samples; hence they contain water-extractable potassium and sodium. The function
      of the two elements at these special sites is not yet clear. On the one hand,
      they might reflect exocytotic processes connected with a Na-K-ATPase; on the
      other hand, they might exist as a transitory state before being replaced by Ca
      and phosphate in the mineralizing matrix and later transported elsewhere by the
      blood vessels.

PMID- 4042135
TI  - Structural and biochemical differentiation of the guinea-pig colon during foetal
      development.
AB  - We have studied some aspects of the morphological and biochemical differentiation
      of the foetal guinea-pig colonic epithelium. At day 40 the epithelium was
      organised in ridges and appeared pseudo-stratified. Folding of the epithelium,
      followed by villus formation, occurred between days 45 and 55, and by day 50
      mucus-secreting goblet cells appeared at the bases of the colonic villi. By day
      55 most epithelial cells, including goblet cells, possessed numerous microvilli
      which, by day 65, had become organised into well developed brush-borders. Between
      day 55 and term (day 65-68) mucosal depth increased markedly and the colon
      attained its final glandular morphology. Biochemical studies showed the specific
      activities of the microvillar hydrolases to be much lower in the washed colon
      than in either foetal meconium or small intestine at all times during
      development. Furthermore, a membrane fraction highly enriched in microvillus
      hydrolase activities was prepared from foetal colonic meconium using techniques
      originally devised to isolate the foetal small intestinal microvillus membrane.
      This meconial subfraction was almost identical in polypeptide composition to the
      highly-purified foetal small intestinal microvillus membrane. Identification of
      the colonic microvillus membrane was hampered by the absence of reliable membrane
      markers. Nevertheless, a fraction 14-fold enriched in aminopeptidase activity was
      prepared from day 40 foetal colon and its polypeptide composition compared by SDS
      PAGE to that of the small intestinal microvillus membrane at the same age.

PMID- 4042137
TI  - Fine structural aspects of the shift of zonula occludens and cytoorganelles
      during the inversion of cell polarity in cultured porcine thyroid follicles.
AB  - Porcine thyroid follicles, when isolated by enzymatic digestion and suspended in
      Eagle's MEM containing 10% fetal calf serum, undergo inversion of cellular
      polarity. After isolation, the strands for the tight junctions (zonulae
      occludentes) between follicle cells begin to move towards the side of the medium
      and gather at this side of the lateral plasma membrane during 24 h of incubation.
      Around this time, microvilli of many follicular cells protrude into the culture
      medium. The elements of the Golgi apparatus are located at the luminal as well as
      the culture-medium side of the cytoplasm, and also at the lateral side of the
      nucleus after 24 h of suspension culture, and by 94 h of incubation almost all
      elements of this organelle, as well as lysosomes and the central cilium have
      migrated to the side of the medium. The migration of the zonulae occludentes is
      considered to be the initial change in the reversal of the polarity of this cell.

PMID- 4042139
TI  - Ultrastructural organization of the glomerular basement membrane as revealed by a
      deep-etch replica method.
AB  - The fine structure of the glomerular basement membrane was re-evaluated by using
      a deep-etch replica method. The structure of the laminae rarae interna and
      externa of the rat glomerular basement membrane was basically identical in that 6
      to 8 nm fibrils were interconnected to form a three-dimensional, polygonal
      network. The size of the mesh was quite variable but most often ranged from 20 to
      25 nm in width. In addition, a zipper-like substructure of the epithelial slit
      diaphragm was observed. By contrast, the lamina densa was composed of closely
      packed particles. After exposure of the bovine glomerular basement membrane to
      ultrasonic waves or trypsin, the particles of the lamina densa were effectively
      removed. The underlying structure showed the fibrillar network closely resembled
      that seen in the laminae rarae of the rat glomerular basement membrane. The
      glomerular basement membrane thus revealed was as principally composed of a
      fibrillar network, which might be regularly arranged units of type-IV collagen.
      Numerous fine particles, most likely proper components of the glomerular basement
      membrane, were attached onto this basic fibrillar structure, giving rise to a
      morphologic appearance different from that of the laminae rarae.

PMID- 4042138
TI  - Can cells extruded from denervated skeletal muscle become circulating potential
      myoblasts? Implications of 3H-thymidine reutilization in regenerating muscle.
AB  - The hypothesis that satellite cells which leave denervated skeletal muscle might
      become circulating potential myoblasts which could participate in myogenesis in
      distant sites in the body has been tested. Sixteen mice had one hindlimb
      denervated and were given 7 daily injections of 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr). One day
      later extensor digitorum longus muscle isografts from unlabelled mice were
      inserted into each hindlimb. As controls, the procedure was repeated in 6 non
      denervated labelled mice. Fourteen days after their insertion, isografts in
      denervated mice contained many labelled myotubes with a labelling index of 55 +/-
      4% (mean +/- SEM). In the control isografts in non-denervated ice, 38 +/- 4% of
      myotube nuclei were labelled. The results show that either labelled cells, or 3H
      Tdr, had transferred from the host to isografts in both cases. The probability of
      3H-Tdr reutilization was demonstrated in regenerating livers of 8 similarly
      labelled mice, where 34 +/- 3% hepatocytes adjacent to crush lesions were
      labelled after 14 days. This conclusion was reached because only 2-3% of normal
      hepatocytes incorporate 3H-Tdr under these conditions and this population is
      inadequate to provide sufficient labelled precursor cells for the large numbers
      of labelled regenerated hepatocytes. Therefore, it was concluded that 3H-Tdr
      reutilization is the most likely explanation for labelled myotube nuclei in the
      muscle isografts (rather than movement of labelled precursor cells), and that
      additional label for reutilization had been derived from breakdown of labelled
      cells in denervated muscle. The data do not support the hypothesis of a
      circulating precursor for skeletal muscle cells.

PMID- 4042140
TI  - Lamina propria of intestinal mucosa as a typical reticular tissue. A scanning
      electron-microscopic study of the rat jejunum.
AB  - The three-dimensional architecture of the lamina propria in the jejunal mucosa of
      the rat was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The lamina propria is a
      typical reticular tissue with fine nets of reticular fibers and free and fixed
      cells lying among them. However, the lamina propria in the core of villi
      displayed structural features closer to other reticular or lymphoid tissues than
      that among the crypts. In the villi, the tissue was supported by a spongy
      framework of interconnecting fibroblasts, and densely infiltrated by free cells.
      Among the crypts, cellular elements were rather sparsely dispersed in a complex
      network of reticular fibers. A thin layer of reticular fibers lined the basal
      lamina of the epithelium. This layer contained a network of flattened cells which
      anastomosed with each other via slender processes. The basal lamina and the
      fibrous layer were perforated with round pores, through which free cells or basal
      processes of the epithelial cells passed. Many macrophages were found resting on
      the reticular framework of the lamina propria, frequently in close association
      with immunoblast-like cells. This paper further includes scanning electron
      microscopic observations on the central lacteal with special reference to its
      luminal projections and trabeculae.

PMID- 4042141
TI  - Ultrastructural changes associated with K+-evoked peptide secretion from a
      neurohemal organ of the crab, Cardisoma carnifex.
AB  - Electron-microscopic comparison of K+-stimulated and unstimulated crab sinus
      glands reveals significant differences in neurosecretory terminal morphology.
      Sinus glands exposed to elevated K+ saline for increasing periods of time show
      increasing numbers of exocytotic release profiles, vacuoles, and multilamellate
      bodies, and a decrease in the number of microvesicles within 10 micron of release
      sites. These morphological changes are well correlated with secretion of red
      pigment-concentrating hormone, as determined by bioassay of perfusate from the
      individual preparations.

PMID- 4042142
TI  - Calcium-sensitivity of brain microtubule proteins in the presence of S-100
      proteins.
AB  - In the presence of the usual 0.1 M Mes buffer, pH 6.7, mM free Ca2+ levels are
      required for half-maximal decrease in the rate and extent of brain microtubule
      protein (MTP) assembly in the absence of ox brain S-100, while microM free Ca2+
      levels are sufficient in the presence of S-100. At the same pH 6.7, but in the
      presence of 0.12 M KCl, as low as 1.5 microM free Ca2+ is sufficient for S-100 to
      produce half-maximal reduction in the rate of assembly, while as high as 0.5 mM
      free Ca2+ is required in the absence of S-100. Similar results are obtained with
      rat brain S-100 (S-100b), indicating that single S-100 iso forms are equipotent
      in affecting the MTP assembly. At pH 7.5, MTPs are remarkably resistant to Ca2+
      in the absence of S-100. In the presence of S-100, not only is the free Ca2+
      concentration required for complete inhibition of assembly at least one order of
      magnitude smaller than that required in the absence of S-100, but significant S
      100-dependent inhibition of assembly occurs in the absence of Ca2+. Under the two
      conditions where S-100 is particularly effective in inhibiting the assembly, i.e.
      at pH 6.7 in the presence of KCl and at pH 7.5, S-100 increases the disassembly
      rate even in the presence of microM Ca2+ levels. Our results suggest that the
      free Ca2+ concentration regulates the way S-100 disassembles microtubules (MTs):
      at microM Ca2+ levels, S-100 sequesters tubulin with concomitant increase in the
      disassembly rate; at mM Ca2+ levels, the S-100-Ca2+ complex probably interacts
      with MTs producing endwise disassembly.

PMID- 4042143
TI  - A versatile and quantitative computer-assisted photoelectronic technique used for
      the analysis of ciliary beat cycles.
AB  - The beat cycles of rabbit tracheal cilia in culture and Mytilus laterofrontal
      cirri were recorded using a phototransistor, transillumination, video, and phase
      contrast microscopy. The photoelectronic signal and video image of the ciliary
      activity were simultaneously recorded as a composite image. The photoelectronic
      signal was converted into a digital signal by a data acquisition system for
      further computer processing. By the selection of a small detector area and
      accurate detector alignment, a simple, repetitive photoelectronic signal
      representing ciliary activity was obtained. This signal records the ciliary beat
      frequency and demonstrates the triphasic nature of the beat cycle. The
      photoelectronic signal can be precisely correlated with the ciliary activity by
      analysis of the composite video recordings to provide the duration of the
      effective, recovery, and rest phases of the beat cycle. The video-photoelectronic
      signal correlations were verified by high-speed cinematography. High-speed films
      of ciliary activity were digitized, and the image density of selected pixels was
      analyzed by computer with respect to time and ciliary motion. These studies
      indicate that duration of the phases of the beat cycle are differentially reduced
      with increased beat frequency; the effective phase duration was quickly reduced
      to a minimum. This was followed by the reduction of the duration of the recovery
      phase to a minimum. The rest phase continues to be reduced without reaching a
      minimum, over the range of beat frequencies observed. These results suggest that
      ciliary beat frequency may be regulated either by modifying the rates of dynein
      microtubule interactions or the rate of transition from one beat phase to the
      next.

PMID- 4042144
TI  - Actin assembly and filament cross-linking in the presence of TW 260/240, the
      tissue-specific spectrin of the chicken intestinal brush border.
AB  - TW 260/240 is a tissue-specific spectrin found in the terminal web region of the
      chicken intestinal brush border. We have examined the effects of TW 260/240 on
      assembly rates and critical concentrations (Co's) for monomer addition at the
      barbed and pointed ends of the actin filament. For these studies, acrosomal
      processes (AP) from Limulus sperm were used as nuclei for actin assembly. Under
      conditions which favor the interaction of TW 260/240 for actin (20-75 mM KCl, 2
      mM Mg++) no effect on either elongation rates or Co's at either end of the actin
      filament was observed in the presence of this spectrinlike protein. The Limulus
      AP nucleation assay also allowed visualization of the kinetics of filament
      binding and cross-linking by TW 260/240. Ultrastructural analysis of TW 260/240
      binding to actin filaments at their growing ends indicates that TW 260/240
      tetramers bind laterally to the filament. Finally, evidence is presented that
      indicates that filaments cross-linked by TW 260/240 are stabilized against shear
      dependent breakage.

PMID- 4042145
TI  - Management and pregnancy outcome in eclampsia at Harare Maternity Hospital.

PMID- 4042147
TI  - Sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria isolated in the Public Health Laboratory,
      Harare.

PMID- 4042146
TI  - Boomslang bite--a case report.

PMID- 4042148
TI  - Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) bile acids and arrow poisons.

PMID- 4042149
TI  - Fournier's gangrene in Dar Es Salaam.

PMID- 4042150
TI  - Optimal age for vaccinating Zimbabwean children against measles. Part I & II.

PMID- 4042151
TI  - Giardiasis, diarrhoea and malnutrition.

PMID- 4042152
TI  - Thermographic and pupillary asymmetry in chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. A case
      study.
AB  - Facial temperature was measured thermographically and pupillary diameter recorded
      photographically during and between episodes of headache and during spontaneous
      remission of headache in a patient with chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH). Heat
      loss from the orbit, nose, cheek and temple was 0.75-1.5 degrees C greater on the
      symptomatic side during headache, and 0.25-0.75 degrees C greater between
      headache episodes. Heat loss from these regions of the face was symmetrical
      during remission of headache. Extensive rhinorrhoea, and slight ptosis and miosis
      were observed during the active phase of CPH. These findings, which are similar
      to those previously reported in cluster headache, suggest that CPH is associated
      with an ocular sympathetic deficit and with overactivity in the greater
      superficial petrosal nerve.

PMID- 4042153
TI  - Migraine art.
AB  - An analysis is made of 207 drawings and paintings entered for a migraine art
      competition. All types of visual disturbances were depicted. One hundred and
      fifty-four of the paintings showed spectral appearances with fortification or
      teichopsia in 99. Sixty-two showed either a partial or complete hemianopic loss.
      Metamorphopsia was seen in 32 and pain was depicted in some form or another in
      80. Situational or trigger factors were shown in 23.

PMID- 4042154
TI  - Headaches and stress in schoolchildren: an epidemiological study.
AB  - Headache parameters, personality variables and stress factors were assessed in a
      sample of about 2,300 school pupils between 10 and 17 years of age in Amsterdam.
      More than 15% of the subjects reported headaches occurring weekly. Fear of
      failure and school problems, but not achievement motivation, had significant
      positive correlations with headache complaints after correction for differences
      in sex and age. Menarche and social class had little bearing in relation to the
      headache variables. From all reported causes of headache, stress was mentioned
      most frequently in both elementary and secondary schools.

PMID- 4042155
TI  - Coronary angiography and intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in the coronary care
      unit: an alternative approach.
AB  - The feasibility, safety and efficacy of performing left heart catheterization,
      coronary angiography, and intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in the coronary care
      unit setting were examined in 17 patients with acute ischemic syndromes
      presenting at a time when routine catheterization facilities were not available.
      In all cases, cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography were performed in
      the coronary care unit without difficulty using a portable image intensifier and
      a portable video recording system, and selective intracoronary streptokinase was
      safely administered in 13 patients with a total coronary occlusion, with
      successful thrombolysis in seven patients (54%). No adverse effects attributable
      to the performance of these procedures in the coronary care unit were observed.
      This approach might allow for a more prompt response and wider availability of
      intracoronary thrombolytic therapy for patients presenting with acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 4042156
TI  - Heparin elimination following continuous infusion during intra-aortic balloon
      counterpulsation.
AB  - The decline of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) following
      discontinuation of heparin infusion was measured in six intra-aortic balloon pump
      (IABP) patients. The heparin infusion requirement was determined for eight other
      IABP patients during stable therapeutic anticoagulation. Following
      discontinuation of infusion, APTT declined with a relatively constant half-life
      (t 1/2 of 2.4 +/- 0.08 hr, suggesting elimination by first-order kinetics. In
      comparison, the t 1/2 following single bolus doses has been shown to be markedly
      dose dependent, increasing from 30 min at low doses to 2 hr at very high doses.
      The heparin requirement for IABP patients was found to be 16 +/- 2.5 U/kg/hr,
      similar to that reported for other clinical situations. The t 1/2 of the APTT
      following discontinuation of heparin infusion can be used to time invasive
      procedures that would best be done with normal hemostasis.

PMID- 4042157
TI  - The role of intravenous streptokinase in acute arterial occlusions after cardiac
      catheterization.
AB  - Arterial occlusions after cardiac catheterization are usually treated surgically.
      We report four patients with femoral thrombosis or distal emboli that developed
      after cardiac catheterization. Each patient was treated successfully with
      intravenous streptokinase. Therapy was initiated 1-60 hr after the procedure. The
      duration of infusion lasted 4-42 hr (mean 27 hr). Pulses were restored 4-19 hr
      (mean 10 hr) after the beginning of infusion. There was no major hemorrhagic
      complication, even in patients with very early streptokinase infusion. Thus
      intravenous streptokinase may be an alternate choice to surgery for arterial
      occlusions after invasive procedures.

PMID- 4042158
TI  - Acute anterior myocardial infarction complicated by mural thrombus and peripheral
      thromboembolism despite anticoagulation.
AB  - A 43-year-old man had transmural anterior wall myocardial infarction complicated
      by hypotension and anterior-apical aneurysmal formation. Despite continuous
      anticoagulation with heparin sodium (heparin) and warfarin sodium (coumadin), a
      large pedunculated left ventricular thrombus was formed. Four hours after
      uneventful left ventriculography, the patient experienced acute superior
      mesenteric embolism. An emergency mesenteric embolectomy and then left
      ventricular aneurysmectomy with clot evacuation were performed to save the bowel
      and to prevent further embolization.

PMID- 4042159
TI  - A modified catheter system for retrograde left ventricular catheterization in
      aortic valve stenosis.
AB  - Conventional retrograde catheterization of the left ventricle using a single
      large catheter through severely stenotic aortic valves or prostheses has
      recognized difficulties. An alternative method is described. This method
      incorporates a coronary angioplasty guide catheter and coronary probing catheter
      attached to separate pressure transducers allowing simultaneous recording or
      aortic and LV pressures. This technique was used in seven patients with aortic
      stenosis in whom a conventional approach had failed. The movable probing catheter
      permits alterations of the catheter orientation and angulation while the guiding
      catheter stabilizes the system within the high velocity jet formed in the
      ascending aorta. This stabilization and the small size of the coronary probing
      catheter permit exploration of the valve surface and allow for insertion through
      a tilting disc valve or a severely stenotic valve without significantly altering
      hemodynamic function. In our laboratory this technique allowed us safely and
      reliably to assess aortic valve dynamics in each of the patients in whom the
      technique was attempted without resorting to either transseptal or direct left
      ventricular puncture.

PMID- 4042161
TI  - Percutaneous brachial catheterization.

PMID- 4042160
TI  - Injection of contrast medium within the interatrial septum.

PMID- 4042162
TI  - Pattern of protein synthesis in dissociated embryonic cells of Xenopus laevis
      whose reaggregation was inhibited by Ca2+-deprivation and by mechanical
      interference.
AB  - Protein synthesis was studied in dissociated Xenopus embryonic cells whose
      reaggregation was inhibited either chemically (deprivation of Ca2+) or
      mechanically (cultivation on sintered glass filter). Under reaggregation
      inhibited conditions, synthesis of several proteins was inhibited in neurula but
      not in blastula and gastrula cells. Under reaggregating conditions, pattern of
      protein synthesis in blastula cells became 'neurula-cell-type' after 17 h.
      However, under non-reaggregating conditions, activation of many proteins was
      inhibited. The inhibition was mostly reversible and similar to that observed in
      neurula cells inhibited by actinomycin D. Thus, synthesis of many proteins
      directed by new transcripts at the neurula stage appears to depend on the
      maintenance of cell-to-cell contact.

PMID- 4042163
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against Dictyostelium plasma membranes: their binding to
      simple sugars.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies raised against purified membranes from Dictyostelium
      discoideum were classified according to three criteria: type of antigen as
      revealed in immunoblots, developmental regulation of the target antigens, and
      location of the antigens on the cell surface. Some antibodies reacted with
      myosin, two with glycolipids. One group of antibodies bound to the protein moiety
      of the contact site A glycoprotein, whereas another group reacted with
      carbohydrate epitopes that the contact site A glycoprotein shared with a few
      other membrane glycoproteins. Binding of the latter antibodies to their antigens
      was either specifically blocked by N-acetylglucosamine or by maltose as well as
      methyl-alpha-mannoside and N-acetylglucosamine. These anti-carbohydrate
      antibodies bound specifically to agarose beads derivatized with some sugars.
      These results and competition studies with several carbohydrates suggest that the
      epitope recognized by the antibodies contains as major components N
      acetylglucosamine, maltose and alpha-mannose residues. One monoclonal antibody,
      which reacts with N-acetylglucosamine, was used for affinity purification of the
      contact site A glycoprotein from a crude membrane extract. N-acetylglucosamine
      was used as a mild eluent of the antigen from the antibody column. No detergents
      were added during the entire purification procedure.

PMID- 4042164
TI  - Evaluation of the sensitive step of inhibition of chondrogenesis by retinoids in
      limb mesenchymal cells in vitro.
AB  - The sensitive step of inhibition of chondrogenesis in vitro by retinoids was
      investigated in modified micromass cultures of limb bud mesenchymal cells from
      mouse embryos of day 11 and 12. Evaluation of chondrogenesis was performed after
      alcian blue staining, using a simple random hit counting of cartilage nodules.
      All-trans-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, and a newly developed arotinoid,
      RO 13-6298, were tested for their ability to inhibit chondrogenesis. We found
      that inhibition of chondrogenesis depended on the dosage and the duration of
      treatment with the different retinoids. Further analysis showed that
      chondrogenesis in limb bud mesenchymal cells from the proximal part was
      irreversibly inhibited after one hour of treatment, whereas distal cells showed a
      reduction of cartilage development only after a treatment period of 12 and more
      hours. In respect to the doses of the retinoids, proximal cells were about one
      magnitude more vulnerable than distal cells. These proximo-distal differences
      were obtained with 13-cis-retinoic acid at 10 micrograms/ml, with all-trans
      retinoic acid at 1 microgram/ml and with arotinoid RO 13-6298 with 10 ng/ml. It
      is supposed that the late blastemal stage of chondrogenic differentiation before
      the onset of matrix synthesis is the step which is most vulnerable to retinoid
      treatment.

PMID- 4042165
TI  - Synaptic inhibition and cell communication; impairment of cell-to-cell coupling
      produced by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the somatic musculature of Ascaris
      lumbricoides.
AB  - The influence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (10(-5) M) on the electrical
      coupling of giant somatic muscle cells of Ascaris lumbricoides was investigated.
      GABA enhanced the resting potential of the cells and abolished the spike
      activity. The coupling coefficient (V2/V1) was reduced by 58.8% while the input
      resistance (Rin) was decreased by 38.8%. The decline in Rin was not related to
      unlinearity of the current-voltage relation. As the time constant of cell
      membrane was reduced by 28.4% by the addition of GABA the effect of the
      neurotransmitter on cell-to-cell coupling seems to be mainly related to a
      decrease in resistance of the non-junctional membrane due to an increase in
      chloride conductance.

PMID- 4042166
TI  - Cell-to-cell electrical coupling in seminiferous cords of mouse fetal testis.
AB  - Experiments performed on mouse fetal testes in vitro using electrophysiological
      techniques and intracellular injections of the fluorescent tracer disodium
      fluorescein showed that junctional transfer occurs between cells inside the
      seminiferous cords. This suggests a possible metabolic cooperation between testis
      cells at an early stage of gonad development.

PMID- 4042168
TI  - Organelle motility in rat pituitary clonal cells. I. Dynamic movements of
      intracellular organelles.
AB  - Intracellular organelle motion within clonal pituitary tumor cells (GH3) was
      observed directly with a contrast enhancement, computer-video microscope system.
      All particles except nuclei moved in a complex fashion. Two types of particles
      predominated; one large and round, the other small and elongated. We classified
      the movements of these particles as saltation, oscillation and slow
      translocation. Saltation was directional movement with velocity of the order of 1
      micron/sec. Oscillation was local motion occurring within 1 micron that showed no
      specific direction. Its velocity was similar to that of saltation. Large
      particles, in particular, showed the 3rd type of movement, slow translocation.
      The velocity appeared to be one order slower than that of saltation. We also
      examined the cells with fluorescent, dark-field and electron microscopies. We
      concluded that the large round particles were lysosomes and the small elongated
      ones mitochondria. The microtubule depolymerizer, vinblastine and the
      microfilament depolymerizer, cytochalasin D, completely inhibited all the types
      of organelle movement. The mechanism and significance of these organelle
      movements are discussed.

PMID- 4042169
TI  - [How shall we further improve the care of women with gynecologic malignancies?].

PMID- 4042167
TI  - Does freeze-substitution reveal the hydrophobic nature of interprotofilament
      bonding in microtubules?
AB  - The massive system of microtubules in the ovarioles of Notonecta glauca has been
      prepared for electron microscopy by means of freeze-substitution. With this
      technique the protofilaments comprising the microtubule walls can be observed in
      positive image, indicating that the procedure provides a valuable method for
      observing microtubule substructure. Surprisingly though, the cryoprotectants,
      which are an integral part of the method, caused a rearrangement of the
      microtubules from their usual pattern in the ovarioles. These observations, we
      believe, provide an insight into intra- and intermicrotubule interactions
      respectively.

PMID- 4042170
TI  - [Delivery after intrauterine embryo transfer obtained by fertilization and oocyte
      culture in vitro].

PMID- 4042171
TI  - [The effect of long-term tocolytic therapy on the cardiovascular system in
      pregnant women].

PMID- 4042173
TI  - [Acupuncture in the treatment of female incontinence].

PMID- 4042172
TI  - [Is episiotomy still important?].

PMID- 4042174
TI  - [Actinomycoses of the female genitalia in connection with IUD insertion].

PMID- 4042175
TI  - [Chronic and recurrent vaginal mycoses and the immune system].

PMID- 4042176
TI  - [The effect of alcohol on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian axis].

PMID- 4042177
TI  - [Results and perspectives in therapeutic embryo transfer].

PMID- 4042178
TI  - [The first embryo transfer, pregnancy and childbirth in a woman with premature
      menopause].

PMID- 4042179
TI  - [The views of the author of the feedback theory of pain on labor pain and labor
      psychoprophylaxis].

PMID- 4042180
TI  - [What should the physician's role be in regulating fertility and sex behavior (a
      contribution for discussion)].

PMID- 4042181
TI  - [SolcoTrichovac--a new trend in the immunotherapy of urogenital trichomoniasis?].

PMID- 4042182
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hormones].

PMID- 4042183
TI  - [Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction].

PMID- 4042184
TI  - [Levels of aldosterone in the blood of healthy calves and goats].

PMID- 4042185
TI  - [Phacoemulsification of the rabbit lens in vivo].

PMID- 4042186
TI  - [Defects in the nerve fibers of the retina and changes in computerized perimetry
      in the beginning stages of simple glaucoma].

PMID- 4042187
TI  - [Glaucoma and retinal detachment].

PMID- 4042188
TI  - [Changes in iris pigmentation in Czechoslovak children].

PMID- 4042189
TI  - [Circulating immunocomplexes in uveitis].

PMID- 4042190
TI  - [First aid in chemical injuries of the eye].

PMID- 4042191
TI  - [Pencil points--modification of the contact test for examining stereopsis].

PMID- 4042192
TI  - [A visit by Czechoslovak ophthalmologists to the Soviet Union].

PMID- 4042193
TI  - [The neonate at risk and his evaluation by the pathologist. Introduction].
AB  - Children with a low birth weight represented a minimal part of neonates but they
      shared substantially in neonatal mortality. To unify the opinion about causes of
      neonatal death seemed to be urgent when comparing figures from various
      institutes.

PMID- 4042194
TI  - [Biometric data of normotrophic neonates].
AB  - Gestation age of a neonate could be estimated approximately by a pathologist
      according to some macroscopical features. In addition to the weight of large
      organs the authors studied weight of other organs and some biometrical data in a
      group of 84 normotrophic neonates. Regressive analysis gave information about the
      growth trend of organs; compared with tables it enabled to find out the growth
      retardation of a neonate or his single organ. The span of fingers represented a
      precise statistical figure for the estimation of gestation age in addition to the
      weight of organs.

PMID- 4042195
TI  - [Diagnosis and classification of pulmonary findings in neonates].
AB  - Developmental phases could be defined in neonatal lung tissue fixed in situ or in
      an ordinary way: glandular lung, canalicular lung with simple tubes covered by
      cuboid epithelial cells, alveolar lung with usual complicated structure.
      Canalicular lung could manage the blood saturation which depends on the number of
      capillaries. There was a different picture of alveoli filled with fluid or air.
      Hyaline membranes, always occurring in fluid-filled alveoli, represented a
      barrier for drainage of intraalveolar fluid. Step-wise inflation of lung enabled
      a histomechanical examination giving lately "functional" figures. They showed a
      poor functional readiness as well as a quick postnatal adaptability of immature
      lung. Pressure-volume curves correlated with histological maturity and
      pathological finding offered a more comprehensive explanation of
      clinicopathological mechanisms.

PMID- 4042196
TI  - [Evaluation of the mucosal surface relief of the small intestine in neonates].
AB  - Immature neonates have slim thread-like villi of uniform length. More matured
      children have rougher villi with initial club-like expansion of the tip. Later
      there is a triangular broadening at the base of villi and at last tongue-shaped
      villi occur. They develop quickly in early days of life of an immature child and
      simultaneously with broader square villi and crest-like formations. This
      phenomenon is far more expressed in immature neonates than in matured ones.

PMID- 4042197
TI  - [Evaluation of kidney maturity in neonates].
AB  - Morphometric analysis of glomeruli allows to estimate renal maturity or find out
      an accidental retardation of growth. A simpler estimation of the number of yalers
      formed by immature glomeruli is less time-consuming. Final diagnosis of
      pathologist should include this estimation. An intense growth of glomeruli does
      not start before glomerular lobulation concurring with an increase of capillary
      lumina in a glomerular square unit. So lobulation expresses generally the
      maturity of glomeruli.

PMID- 4042198
TI  - [Sequence of vascular closing mechanisms beginning post partum].
AB  - Ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus and umbilical vessels were studied in a group
      of 120 children deceased in perinatal period and 30 persons deceased at the age
      of 1 month till 90 years. Time sequence of evident morphological closing of
      vessels was analyzed. A contraction of media and proliferation of intima finished
      at the end of the 1st month were found in all of them except in ductus arteriosus
      where it finished at the end of the 3rd month. Dystrophic changes of
      proliferating structures were found in following months. Closing of ductus
      arteriosus started in an antenatal phase by pillow-like proliferation of intima.
      A primary thrombosis closing the vessels was extremely rare. There was not any
      difference between immature and hypotrophic or mature and eutrophic neonates.

PMID- 4042199
TI  - [Morphologic analysis of the thymo-lymphatic status in neonates and in early
      childhood].
AB  - Lesions of B- and T-systems as well as of suprarenal cortex were studied in a
      group of 31 children (at the age of 2 days till 3.5 years) suffering from
      thymolymphatic state and correlated with their basic disease. 25 cases were of a
      secondary type, 6 cases belonged to an idiopathic (primary) type. Secondary
      thymolymphatic state mostly occurred with inflammatory diseases of the
      respiratory system and was characterized by a B-system exhaustion, T-system
      activation and suprarenal atrophy. Idiopathic thymolymphatic state found in
      sudden and unexpected deaths was combined with variegated B-reactin and T-system
      activation. Insufficiency of immune reactions (morphological as well as
      functional) and suprarenal cortical atrophy could contribute to the cause of
      death.

PMID- 4042200
TI  - [Criteria for neonatal maturity. Conclusions for practice].
AB  - The evaluation of neonatal maturity is an important condition for interpretation
      of pathologist's findings. Weight of organs and other biometrical data,
      histological evaluation of maturity in various organs and rebuilding of
      circulation give objective morphological criteria of maturity as well as isolated
      retardation of growth or development.

PMID- 4042201
TI  - [Cardiac fibroma in a neonate].
AB  - Fibroma of the interventricular septum 3 cm in diameter caused a heart failure in
      a 2-day-old neonate. The tumour infiltrated neighboring heart muscle the fibres
      of which grew atrophic.

PMID- 4042202
TI  - [Alveolar lipoproteinosis].
AB  - The diagnosis of alveolar lipoproteinosis was established in a 46-year-old man's
      lung biopsy. The tissue was processed both for paraffin sections and electron
      microscopy. Morphology corresponded to the data in literature. Nevertheless,
      detailed clinical search and morphology failed to reveal causal factors. The case
      belonged to the group of alveolar proteinosis with uncertain etiopathogenesis.

PMID- 4042203
TI  - [Electron microscopy changes in hypophyseal lactotrophs in rats after the
      administration of metoclopramide].
AB  - Metoclopramide (Cerucal - Germed) proved to cause an ultrastructural activation
      of lactotroph cells in rat males. It showed itself as an increase of granular
      endoplasmic reticulum forming long lamellar or spiral structures. Many
      lactotrophs had a conspicuous Golgi zone. Estrogens and Metoclopramide
      administered simultaneously manifested themselves in a picture of heightened
      activation. The findings concurred with immunohistochemical ones from the same
      group of animals which issued earlier.

PMID- 4042204
TI  - [Calcification in the heart. IV. Calcification of the pulmonary valve].
AB  - A case is described of a 12-year-old girl suffering from Fallot's tetralogy whose
      atretic pulmonary valve was massively calcified. This appears to be the first
      case described of this condition in childhood.

PMID- 4042205
TI  - [Understanding and empathy as a method in psychopathology].

PMID- 4042206
TI  - [The good psychiatrist].

PMID- 4042207
TI  - [Ethical aspects as part of the professional approach in psychiatry].

PMID- 4042208
TI  - [Factors in the pathogenesis of neuroses].

PMID- 4042210
TI  - [Comparison of the results of computer tomography and pneumoencephalography in
      psychopathology and psychiatric nosography].

PMID- 4042209
TI  - [Treatment of schizophrenia using hemodialysis].

PMID- 4042211
TI  - [Lower cerebellar arteries in the diagnosis of infratentorial expansive
      processes].

PMID- 4042212
TI  - [Radiodiagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumors of the pancreas].

PMID- 4042213
TI  - [2-dimensional echoencephalography in early childhood].

PMID- 4042214
TI  - [Comparison of the parenchymal phase of hepatobiliary gammagraphy with a
      radiocolloid gammagram of the liver].

PMID- 4042215
TI  - [Modification of an industrial linear accelerator for therapeutic use].

PMID- 4042216
TI  - Anti-ulcer effect of isoprenyl flavonoids. III. Synthesis and anti-ulcer activity
      of metabolites of 2'-carboxymethoxy-4,4'-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)chalcone.

PMID- 4042217
TI  - Identification of steroidal compounds as acetates in a lysate of "Depressor-I,"
      an antihypertensive phospholipid occurring in acetone-soluble fraction of bovine
      brain.

PMID- 4042218
TI  - Total synthesis of (+/-)-silybin, an antihepatotoxic flavonolignan.

PMID- 4042219
TI  - Relationship of the structures of tannins to the binding activities with
      hemoglobin and methylene blue.

PMID- 4042220
TI  - Chemical transformation of protoberberines. VII. Efficient conversion of
      protoberberines into benzindenoazepines via 8,14-cycloberbines.

PMID- 4042221
TI  - Studies on the constituents of medicinal and related plants in Sri Lanka. III.
      Novel sesquilignans from Hedyotis lawsoniae.

PMID- 4042222
TI  - Synthesis and structure-activity study of protease inhibitors. IV.
      Amidinonaphthols and related acyl derivatives.

PMID- 4042224
TI  - Application of principal component analysis to the study of quantitative
      structure-activity relationships by means of multiple regression analysis.

PMID- 4042223
TI  - Antiulcer activity of dehydroabietic acid derivatives.

PMID- 4042225
TI  - Studies on active substances in the herbs used for oketsu ("stagnant blood") in
      Chinese medicine. II. On the anticoagulative principle in persicae semen.

PMID- 4042226
TI  - Studies on active substances in the herbs used for oketsu ("stagnant blood") in
      Chinese medicine. III. On the anticoagulative principles in curcumae rhizoma.

PMID- 4042227
TI  - Studies on active substances in the herbs used for oketsu ("stagnant blood") in
      Chinese medicine. IV. On the anticoagulative principle in rhei rhizoma.

PMID- 4042228
TI  - Studies on the constituents of asclepiadaceae plants. LVIII. The structures of
      five glycosides, cynatratoside-A, -B, -C, -D, and -E, from the Chinese drug "pai
      wei," Cynanchum atratum Bunge.

PMID- 4042229
TI  - Properties of hydrazones of hydralazine and colorimetric determination of
      hydralazine hydrochloride with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde based on solvent
      extraction.

PMID- 4042230
TI  - Studies on analgesic oligopeptides. III. Synthesis and analgesic activity after
      subcutaneous administration of [D-Arg2]dermorphin and its N-terminal tetrapeptide
      analogs.

PMID- 4042231
TI  - The photochemical decomposition and hydroxylation of phenylalanine in the
      presence of riboflavin.

PMID- 4042232
TI  - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of the fruit bodies of
      Grifola frondosa.

PMID- 4042233
TI  - Purification and characterization of alpha-L-fucosidase from the liver of
      seahare, Aplysia kurodai.

PMID- 4042234
TI  - Synthesis of the nonatetracontapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid
      sequence of thymopoietin I and its effect on the low E-rosette-forming cells of a
      uremic patient.

PMID- 4042235
TI  - Effects of a cationic surfactant on the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of p
      substituted benzenesulfonyl fluorides.

PMID- 4042236
TI  - Study of crystalline drugs by means of a polarizing microscope. VI. Polarizing
      microscopy of drugs acting on the nervous system and on individual organs listed
      in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia X.

PMID- 4042237
TI  - Application of solid dispersions of nifedipine with enteric coating agent to
      prepare a sustained-release dosage form.

PMID- 4042238
TI  - Preparation of mean drug concentration--time curves in plasma. A study on the
      frequency distribution of pharmacokinetic parameters.

PMID- 4042239
TI  - The behavior of 1,4-benzodiazepine drugs in acidic media. II. Kinetics and
      mechanism of the acid-base equilibrium reaction of oxazolam.

PMID- 4042240
TI  - Prediction of available surface area of powdered particles of flufenamic acid in
      tablets.

PMID- 4042241
TI  - Effect of grinding on the transformations of polymorphs of chloramphenicol
      palmitate.

PMID- 4042242
TI  - Cholagogic action and characteristics of (+/-)-alpha-terpineol-beta-D-O
      glucopyranoside, a new monoterpenoid glucoside.

PMID- 4042243
TI  - Biologically active principles of crude drugs. Anti-allergic principles in
      "Cnidii monnieri".

PMID- 4042244
TI  - Effects of epoxidation on the actions of normorphine, norcodeine, N
      allylnormorphine(nalorphine) and N-allylnorcodeine on the electrically stimulated
      guinea pig ileum.

PMID- 4042245
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of urinary metabolites of
      2,4-dinitrotoluene in Wistar rats.

PMID- 4042246
TI  - A facile synthetic method for pyrimidine acyclonucleoside derivatives.

PMID- 4042247
TI  - Synthesis of some N-substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methano-3-benzazocines
      (6,7-benzomorphans).

PMID- 4042248
TI  - Reaction of amino acids with alkyl p-toluenesulfonates.

PMID- 4042249
TI  - Lactams. XXIV. Alkaline hydrolysis of 1-benzyl-2-piperidone derivatives:
      application to cis-trans isomerization of the 5-ethyl-2-oxo-4-piperidineacetic
      acid system.

PMID- 4042250
TI  - Natural antioxidants. III. Antioxidative components isolated from rhizome of
      Curcuma longa L.

PMID- 4042251
TI  - A new methodology for chemoselection of one amino and four hydroxyl groups of
      glucosamine derivatives and its use for synthesis of lipid X.

PMID- 4042252
TI  - Synthesis and characterization of a radioiodinated, photoreactive and
      physiologically active analogue of platelet activating factor.
AB  - The multistep synthesis of a photoreactive, radioactive and aggregating analogue
      of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-acether is described. The photoreactive and
      radioactive moiety was added at the last step; the specific radioactivity was
      higher than 1000 Ci/mmol. The concentration of this new analogue which causes 50%
      of aggregation of platelets were of the same order of magnitude as for synthetic
      snPAF-acether, so as for two other analogues having a bulky group at the omega
      end of the fatty ether chain. The photoreactivity was proved by the covalent
      binding of the analogue to protein (BSA) after 10-min irradiation times at 300
      nm. The binding was largely prevented by prior (not by later) addition of a high
      concentration of lyso phosphatidyl choline.

PMID- 4042253
TI  - Interactions and space requirements of the phosphate head group in membrane
      lipids. The crystal structure of disodium lysophosphatidate dihydrate.
AB  - The packing arrangement and molecular conformation of lysophosphatidate (disodium
      3-lauroyl-DL-glycero-1-phosphate dihydrate (LPA] was determined by single crystal
      analysis. The lipid crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with unit cell
      dimensions of a = 7.74, b = 5.54, c = 32.87 A and alpha = 92.6, beta = 99.2,
      gamma = 128.3 degrees. The molecules are arranged tail to tail in a bilayer
      structure. Thereby the D- and L-enantiomers pack separately in the opposite
      halves of the bilayer and are conformationally related by mirror symmetry. The
      hydrocarbon chains adopt the triclinic (T parallel) chain packing mode and are
      tilted by 55 degrees with respect to the layer normal. The phosphate groups are
      linked by one of the sodium ions to tightly packed rows. Between these rows the
      second sodium ion and the two water molecules of hydration are accommodated
      forming an extensive network of hydrogen, ionic and coordination bonds. The two
      sodium ions are positioned 1 A below and above the plane defined by the centres
      of gravity of the phosphate charges. The phosphate group and its 4 ligands thus
      pack effectively with a small cross-sectional area in the layer plane of 33.6 A2.

PMID- 4042254
TI  - D-dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine is not a pure competitive inhibitor of
      phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of L-dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine.
AB  - The inhibition of Crotalus adamanteus phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of L
      dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine by D-dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine was investigated
      with inhibitor and substrate in the monomeric concentration range. The results
      showed that the D-enantiomer acts as a partial (not pure) competitive inhibitor
      of the enzyme. These results suggest that an ESI complex exists, in which
      hydrolysis of the substrate still occurs. Thus, binding of the D-enantiomer to
      the enzyme decreases the affinity for the substrate by a factor, alpha, while
      Vmax is unaffected. The value of alpha was determined to be 4.70 +/- 0.14. These
      findings complicate the use of D-phosphatidylcholines in mixed micelles with the
      L-enantiomer as a possible method to investigate the mechanism of interfacial
      activation of this enzyme.

PMID- 4042255
TI  - [Cervical tumors of thymic origin in children].
AB  - Cervical tumors of thymic origin are exceptional and can be either cystic or
      solid. The embryogenesis of the thymic gland explains the cervical location of
      these tumors. The authors present two cases in which the clinical picture was
      limited to cervical masses with very few symptoms. Treatment consisted of
      surgical removal. Subsequent course was uneventful without any immunological
      deficit or myasthenia.

PMID- 4042256
TI  - [The surgical form of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome].
AB  - The hemolytic-uremic syndrome consist of micro-angiopathic hemolytic anemia,
      acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia following a prodromal illness of
      gastroenteritis. The syndrome can present in dramatic fashion with severe
      abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis suggesting an acute surgical crisis. In
      some cases, laparotomy is necessary, and we report a case with colectomy.

PMID- 4042257
TI  - [Laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft associated with missed atresia].
AB  - Laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft (LTEC) is a rare malformation. Treatment is
      always surgical and still has uncertain results. One case of LTEC (type III),
      associated with a "missed atresia" of the esophagus is reported. The diagnosis of
      eso-tracheal, H-Type fistula was first suspected at birth before transfer of the
      baby to the neonatal surgery department where the diagnostic of long LTEC was
      established. Surgical repair was done through lateral cervicotomy and allowed
      complete cure of the eso-tracheal communication without tracheotomy. Barium
      swallowing, controlled on the eleventh post-operative day, showed a perfect
      result of the reconstruction and an underlying esophageal malformation,
      previously described as "missed atresia". The treatment of this second
      malformation was performed two months later by plain resection-anastomosis with
      excellent outcome at a one year follow up with no recurrent fistula nor GE reflux
      or laryngeal nerve palsy. To the best of our knowledge, this type of association
      has not been previously reported.

PMID- 4042258
TI  - [Ethical and legal problems posed by the prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities.
      Medical data].

PMID- 4042259
TI  - [Ethical problems posed by the prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities. The ethical
      problem].

PMID- 4042260
TI  - [Ethical and legal problems posed by the prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities.
      Legal aspects].

PMID- 4042261
TI  - [The calcium bile syndrome in children].
AB  - The "limy bile" is uncommon in adults and very exceptional in childhood. The
      authors report a new case of a 7 years old girl. The review of the literature
      since Churchman's description (1911) allowed to collect eleven other cases of
      children, less than fifteen old. The usual sexual distribution in biliary
      diseases with female predominance is not true for them: eight boys for four
      girls. The youngest was three years and six months old. All but one have
      presented mainly right upper abdominal pain and vomiting. The diagnosis was made
      by an abdominal plain film showing a spontaneous visualization of the gallbladder
      which contained a material made of carbonate of calcium. One was an operative
      detection. All presented a stone of neck of gallbladder or cystic duct. The
      origin of "limy bile" is unknown. Nine children have been operated
      (cholecystectomy) with good result. Spontaneous disappearance of "limy bile" was
      noted in three cases. It was marked by acute abdominal pain, inconstant jaundice
      or pancreatic reaction. No surgical care was brought with nor further problems or
      recurrence.

PMID- 4042262
TI  - [Esophageal peristalsis and acid clearance. A study method].
AB  - Peristaltic waves account for clearance of acid refluxed into the oesophagus,
      acting as a second anti-reflux barrier. We have developed a system combining
      oesophageal motor and pH studies. We use a three-lumen, constantly perfused,
      manometry probe attached to a pH microelectrode. Primary and secondary
      oesophageal waves are able to clear injected acid from the oesophagus, whilst non
      propulsive tertiary waves do not raise pH back to normal levels. Children with
      severe GER have a high proportion of tertiary waves, and it is tempting to
      incriminate these motor disturbances as an important for their bad tolerance to
      GER.

PMID- 4042263
TI  - [Surgical pulmonary biopsy in children].
AB  - During the last 2 years an open lung biopsy was performed in 16 children aged
      from 2 to 14 years. Fourteen of these had a chemotherapeutic induced
      immunodeficiency and a radiological picture of diffuse pulmonary infiltrate. A
      definite diagnosis was established in 11 cases: 5 pneumocystis carinii
      pneumonitis, 2 CMV infections, 2 pneumocalcinosis, 1 neoplastic pulmonary
      lymphangitis and 1 staphylococcal infection. Three had a non-specific
      interstitial pneumonitis. In this series there was no post-operative death and
      the single complication was a wound infection. The tracheal tube could be removed
      within the hours following the intervention in 14 of the 16 children. The review
      of the recent literature suggests that the open lung biopsy is a safe and
      accurate way for the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in pediatric
      immunocompromised patients. It is however a very invasive procedure and it is
      expectable that in the next year the bronchoalveolar lavage with a fiberoptic
      flexible bronchoscope will be systematically attempted prior to the open biopsy.

PMID- 4042264
TI  - [Principles of the surgical treatment of cloacal malformation. Apropos of 3
      cases].
AB  - The persistent cloaca is one of the most complex and challenging developmental
      malformation. It is a rare anomaly occuring only in the female newborn and
      represented by the association of a urogenital sinus with an anorectal
      malformation. We report here three cases seen and recently treated in Montpellier
      (France) in the unit of visceral pediatric surgery (Pr J.G. Pous) between 1981
      and 1983. A precise knowledge of normal embryology is very helpful in order to
      understand these complex anatomical situations. Every case is probably unique,
      but some main principles of management can be stressed. Neonatal loop colostomy
      is probably safer in most cases and can allow temporizing until the child is 6
      months to 1 year of age. Interim management is often needed: intermittent
      catheterisation of the bladder and/or urine-filled vagina via the uro-genital
      sinus, avoiding urinary diversions, except possible temporary supra-pubic
      cystostomy. Definitive reconstruction is often a long and complex procedure,
      strictly dependent on absolutely thorough radio-endoscopic pre-operative
      investigations. It is vital to know exactly the length of the cloacal canal and
      of the urethra, because surgical reconstruction will vary according to the level
      at which the various structures converge. Cloacas represent a wide anatomic
      spectrum: as the severity of the defect increases, there is urogenital sinus with
      anterior anus ("Near cloacal malformation"), low and high confluence of all three
      systems. The goal of surgery is to perform in a single operation, the separation
      of the different conduits and to preserve all the sphincteric mechanisms for
      urinary-anal continence and genital functions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042265
TI  - [Frequency of congenital abnormalities in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Apropos
      of 7015 births occurring from 1980 to 1982].

PMID- 4042266
TI  - [Malaria in 1985: new recommendations].

PMID- 4042267
TI  - [Anatomic basis of x-ray computed tomography of the heart and coronary arteries].

PMID- 4042268
TI  - [Coronary aneurysmal disease].

PMID- 4042269
TI  - [How to protect the traveler against malaria in 1985].

PMID- 4042270
TI  - [Genetic polymorphism of drug metabolism: therapeutic implications].

PMID- 4042271
TI  - Characterization of a microsomal fraction from rat small intestine for metabolic
      activation of some promutagens.
AB  - Rat small intestine possesses cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase activity
      and is thus potentially capable of activating procarcinogens during absorption.
      The low spontaneous tumour incidence at this site may be due partially to the
      detoxification activity of the intestinal mucosa. To study the contribution of
      the intestine to the metabolism of foreign chemicals, microsomes have been
      obtained from rat small intestine by a procedure facilitating recovery of
      preparations with consistently high enzyme activities and abilities to activate
      some selected promutagens in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Intestinal
      microsomes from animals with and without pretreatment with inducers have been
      used for investigations of biochemical properties and ability to activate several
      mutagens in the Salmonella plate incorporation assay. The effects of microsomal
      protein concentration and inhibitors were also studied. The results are compared
      with data obtained using liver microsomes from the same animals. Despite the
      induction of lower numbers of revertants, intestinal microsomes were at least as
      efficient as liver preparations for the activation of all the promutagens used
      when the data were corrected for cytochrome P-450 contents. Differences in dose
      response curves for certain mutagens using liver and intestinal microsomes are
      discussed in relation to variation in metabolism of promutagens. Activation was
      linearly dependent on microsomal protein concentration, for both liver and small
      intestinal microsomes. The intestine was generally less susceptible to the
      effects of cytochrome P-450 and P-448 inducers, although sensitivity to orally
      administered phenobarbitone was increased by extending treatment times. SKF525A
      and beta-naphthoflavone inhibited microsomes from both sources, equal inhibition
      being observed for each type following incorporation of the inhibitor, although
      they differed in their ability to activate 2-acetylaminofluorene in the presence
      of the deacylase inhibitor, NaF. The data are discussed in relation to the
      possible role of the small intestine in metabolic activation in vivo and the
      utility of microsomes therefrom for the in vitro detection of putative dietary
      carcinogens.

PMID- 4042272
TI  - The toxic response of preneoplastic rat tracheal epithelial cells to 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
AB  - The purpose of our studies was to examine the effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol
      13-acetate (TPA) on survival, proliferation, and differentiation of normal and
      preneoplastic rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells. Normal RTE cells obtained from
      8-week-old rats were plated into medium containing TPA at concentrations ranging
      from 0.1 to 100 ng/ml. A dose-related increase in colony-forming efficiency (CFE)
      was observed at concentrations above 0.1 ng/ml. At 100 ng/ml the CFE was
      increased 5-fold above that observed in controls. Similar studies were carried
      out with immortal, preneoplastic RTE cells derived from carcinogen-exposed
      primary cultures. Upon exposure to 10 ng/ml of TPA, 9 out of 11 cell lines showed
      a marked decrease in CFE ranging from a 70 to a greater than 99% reduction. Two
      out of 11 cell lines showed only a minor reduction in CFE at this TPA
      concentration. Teleocidin B was as potent as TPA in causing inhibition of CFE in
      preneoplastic RTE cells; the potency of 4-O-methyl TPA was approximately 1/100
      that of TPA and phorbol was virtually inactive. Further studies suggested that
      inhibition of clonal growth of the preneoplastic tracheal cells by TPA was due to
      rapid cell death. As early as 2 h after addition of TPA to the cultures, a loss
      of viable cells from the cultures as well as a reduction in CFE was observed.
      Morphological studies support the interpretation that a large number of cells was
      severely damaged within 2--4 h after TPA exposure. The formation of cross-linked
      envelopes (CLE), a measure of keratinocyte differentiation, was determined in
      cultures of preneoplastic RTE cells. TPA caused only minor increases in CLE
      formation indicating that the cells were not dying from TPA-induced terminal
      keratinocyte differentiation, but rather from TPA toxicity. Thus, preneoplastic
      RTE cells respond differently to TPA from normal RTE cells and also from normal
      and transformed keratinocytes of various origins. The role of TPA toxicity in
      promoting preneoplastic RTE cells to the neoplastic state is being investigated.

PMID- 4042273
TI  - The conditions for the modification of radiation transformation in vitro by a
      tumor promoter and protease inhibitors.
AB  - These experiments were designed to define the conditions necessary for the
      modification of radiation-induced transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells by TPA and
      protease inhibitors. The results show that: (i) the lowest effective dose of
      various protease inhibitors to suppress transformation in vitro varies over
      several orders of magnitude; on a molar basis, the inhibitors of chymotrypsin
      appear to be the most effective protease inhibitors at suppression of radiation
      induced transformation in vitro, (ii) the protease inhibitors antipain and the
      Bowman-Birk (soybean) protease inhibitor have no effect on radiation
      transformation when present only during irradiation, (iii) the protease inhibitor
      antipain can suppress radiation transformation in vitro when applied to
      proliferating "initiated' cells as late as 10 days and 13 cell divisions post
      irradiation, and (iv) TPA treatment following a 10-day protease inhibitor (anti
      pain) exposure of X-irradiated "initiated' cells does not lead to promotion in
      vitro. These results suggest that protease inhibitor treatment of the initiated
      cells has irreversibly reverted cells to their original or "uninitiated'
      condition which existed before irradiation.

PMID- 4042274
TI  - Tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced chromosome
      aberrations in mouse keratinocyte cell lines: a possible genetic mechanism of
      tumor promotion.
AB  - The effect of the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on
      the induction of numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations, double minute
      chromosomes (DM) and homogeneously staining regions (HSR) was investigated in two
      mouse keratinocyte cell lines (HEL-30 and HEL-37) using G- and C-banded
      chromosomal preparations. The frequency of polyploid metaphases and of structural
      aberrations increased several fold during the first two cell cycles. The increase
      of gaps, chromatid and isochromatid breaks was accompanied by inter- and
      intrachromosomal exchanges, which were virtually absent in control cultures. The
      induction of chromosomal aberrations was similarly expressed in both cell lines
      at different passage levels and was largely independent of the TPA dose applied
      (10(-9) - 10(-6) M). The non-promoting phorbolester 4-O-methyl-TPA (10(-6) M) did
      not produce any chromosomal aberrations above the control level. Effects were
      already visible within one cell cycle (24 h) after treatment and increased with
      longer and multiple exposure. Moreover, the TPA-induced chromosomal aberrations
      persisted for several days after elimination of the promoter and further
      cultivation of cells in fresh medium. Structural alterations were not randomly
      distributed but chromosomes 1 and 2 were preferentially involved in breaks, while
      chromosomes 1-3 and 9-13 were mainly involved in chromosomal exchanges.
      Chromosomes 7 and 14, which are numerically underrepresented in HEL cells, were
      least involved in breaks. Most interesting, the frequency of metaphases carrying
      DMs increased 2- to 3-fold after TPA treatment, and the alterations were
      partially reversible after removal of TPA. These early effects of TPA at the
      chromosomal level could play an essential role in the mechanism of tumor
      promotion and may be responsible for the observed persistence of alterations
      induced during the first stage of tumor promotion.

PMID- 4042275
TI  - Quantitative aspects of enhanced liver tumour formation in CF-1 mice by dieldrin.
AB  - The dose-response characteristics of dieldrin-mediated enhancement of liver
      tumour formation in CF-1 mice were analysed, using existing tumour data from
      chronic feeding studies at six levels of continuous exposure, involving a total
      of greater than 1500 animals. The dose-response relationship can be expressed as:
      Dx X Tx = D0 X T0 = constant, where T0 = the median liver tumour induction period
      in control CF-1 mice, Tx = the median liver tumour induction period in dieldrin
      treated mice at a dose level Dx, D0 = the background dose equivalent for the
      induction of 'spontaneous' liver tumours, Dx = the sum of background dose (D0)
      and actual dieldrin dose (delta x). The relationship, which is a Druckrey
      equation (D X Tn = constant) where n = 1, indicates that: (i) the velocity of
      liver tumour development is proportional to the daily dose level (Dx), (ii) the
      total tumourigenic dose is constant across all doses, (iii) the effects of
      dieldrin on the neoplastic process in mouse liver are essentially irreversible
      and cumulative, and (iv) there is no evidence for a threshold level. However,
      when delta x much less than D0, the actual contribution of dieldrin to tumour
      formation is expected to be negligible.

PMID- 4042276
TI  - Toxic chemicals in sediments and biota from a creosote-polluted harbor:
      relationships with hepatic neoplasms and other hepatic lesions in English sole
      (Parophrys vetulus).
AB  - High prevalences of idiopathic hepatic lesions, including neoplasms (e.g.,
      hepatocellular carcinomas, cholangiocellular carcinomas) (27%, 20 of 75 fish) and
      foci of cellular alteration (putative 'preneoplastic' lesions) (44%, 33 of 75
      fish), were found in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) exposed to creosote
      contaminated sediments in Eagle Harbor, Puget Sound, WA. Sediments from the
      contaminated region of the harbor contained particularly high concentrations of
      aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a]anthracene), and a variety
      of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds (e.g., carbazole and acridine). The
      composition of the aromatic compounds was characteristic of creosote.
      Dramatically lower concentrations of aromatic compounds were found in sediments
      from a reference site in which the bottom-dwelling fish examined were free of
      detectable neoplastic or 'preneoplastic' hepatic lesions. Food organisms in the
      stomachs of the English sole from Eagle Harbor contained substantially higher
      concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons than comparable organisms from the
      reference site. The concentrations of individual aromatic hydrocarbons in muscle
      and liver from the Eagle Harbor fish were low; however, high concentrations of
      metabolites of aromatic compounds were present in the bile. The findings strongly
      suggest an association between exposure to creosote and the prevalence of hepatic
      lesions, including neoplasms, in the bottom-dwelling fish, and furthermore
      support the putative role of aromatic hydrocarbons in liver carcinogenesis in
      fish.

PMID- 4042277
TI  - Pulmonary response of hamsters to fibrous glass: chronic effects of repeated
      intratracheal instillation with or without benzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - Syrian golden hamsters were given intratracheal instillations of glass fibres
      with or without benzo[a]pyrene suspended in saline, once a fortnight for 52
      weeks. The experiment was terminated at week 85. 'Silicotic granulomas'
      consisting of tightly packed, iron-positive macrophages filled with glass fibres
      and surrounded by a layer of alveolar epithelial cells were the predominant
      pulmonary lesion. No mesotheliomas or other tumours of the respiratory tract were
      observed in hamsters treated with glass fibres alone. There was no indication
      that glass fibres enhanced the development of respiratory tract tumours induced
      by benzo[a]pyrene. In hamsters similarly exposed to crocidolite fibres with or
      without benzo[a]pyrene no mesotheliomas or other respiratory tract tumours were
      observed either. An explanation for the absence of pulmonary tumours might be
      that repeated administration of fibres over a period of 52 weeks entails an acute
      pulmonary reaction after each administration with the implication that the fibres
      cannot settle down well enough to be able to induce tumours. Another possible
      explanation is the relatively short duration of the experimental period.

PMID- 4042278
TI  - Effect of nicotine and N'-nitrosonornicotine on rat lung and trachea ornithine
      decarboxylase activity.
AB  - The exposure of rats to tobacco smoke was previously reported to cause an
      increase in lung and trachea ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. In the
      present paper we test the effects of the tobacco-specific components nicotine and
      N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) on lung and trachea ODC activity. In addition, a
      procedure for the synthesis of analytically pure NNN is described. NNN caused an
      increase in lung ODC activity 6 h and also 4 days after a single s.c. dose. NNN
      did not alter trachea ODC activity. A single s.c. dose of nicotine activated both
      lung and trachea ODC in a dose-response fashion. It is possible that the impact
      of these tobacco-specific agents upon respiratory tract polyamine biosynthesis
      could contribute to some of the multi-faceted effects associated with cigarette
      smoking.

PMID- 4042279
TI  - Induction of hepatic cell proliferation and unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse
      hepatocytes following in vivo treatment.
AB  - We have modified the in vivo-in vitro hepatocyte DNA repair assay for measurement
      of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and hepatic cell proliferation in B6C3F1 mice.
      Dimethylnitrosamine and methylmethane sulfonate produced significant increases in
      UDS in both rats and mice. 2-Acetylaminofluorene induced a significant increase
      in UDS in rats, but not in mice. The mouse hepatocarcinogens, carbon
      tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, polybrominated biphenyls and 2,6-dichloro-p
      phenylenediamine all failed to induce UDS in male and female mice, but all
      induced significant elevations in hepatic cell proliferation. Increased cell
      turnover in the liver may therefore be an important mechanism in
      hepatocarcinogenicity in the mouse.

PMID- 4042280
TI  - Dependence of u.v.-induced DNA excision repair on deoxyribonucleoside
      triphosphate concentrations in permeable human fibroblasts: a model for the
      inhibition of repair by hydroxyurea.
AB  - We have tested the hypothesis that the inhibition by hydroxyurea of repair patch
      ligation and chromatin rearrangement during u.v.-induced DNA excision repair
      results from a reduction in cellular deoxyribonucleotide concentrations and not
      from a direct effect of hydroxyurea on the repair process. Using permeable human
      fibroblasts, we have shown that hydroxyurea has no direct effect on either repair
      synthesis or repair patch ligation. We also have shown that by reducing the
      deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate concentrations in the permeable cell reaction
      mixture, we can mimic the inhibition of repair patch ligation and chromatin
      rearrangement seen when u.v.-damaged intact confluent fibroblasts are treated
      with hydroxyurea. Our results are consistent with the concept that hydroxyurea
      inhibits DNA repair in intact cells by inhibiting deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
      through its effect on ribonucleotide reductase and, conversely, that continued
      deoxyribonucleotide synthesis is required for the excision repair of u.v.-induced
      DNA damage even in resting cells.

PMID- 4042281
TI  - Syncarcinogenic effects of methyl methanesulfonate with methylazoxymethanol
      acetate in rat small intestine and liver.
AB  - The carcinogenic potency of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and its combination
      effect with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate were evaluated in rats. MMS was
      suggested to be weakly carcinogenic for the small intestine. Syncarcinogenic
      effects of MMS and MAM acetate which could be due to summation of their genotoxic
      influences were obtained in the small intestine and liver.

PMID- 4042282
TI  - Role of adenosine on ventricular overdrive suppression in isolated guinea pig
      hearts and Purkinje fibers.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to demonstrate and characterize potentiation of
      ventricular overdrive suppression by adenosine. To substantiate that adenosine
      has an enhanced effect on overdrive suppression, it would be necessary to
      demonstrate that adenosine increases pause duration independent of slowing
      spontaneous pre-drive rate. In isolated perfused guinea pig hearts with
      surgically induced complete atrioventricular block, the effect of adenosine (2-20
      microM) on pause duration was compared to two alternative means of slowing the
      pre-drive rate, i.e., hypothermia (28.0 degrees C to 34.0 degrees C) and cesium
      chloride (0.3-1.0 mM). The slope value of the linear regression line describing
      the relationship between pre-drive cycle length and pause duration for adenosine
      (15.8) was significantly greater than control (1.7), hypothermia (1.7), and
      cesium chloride (5.4). The competitive adenosine antagonist, aminophylline (60
      microM), when infused at the initiation of overdrive during adenosine
      administration, significantly reduced the effect of adenosine on pause duration
      by 72.9 +/- 4.2% (mean +/- SEM). The reduction in pause duration by aminophylline
      was specific for adenosine and did not occur under control conditions or during
      cesium chloride administration. During hypoxia, aminophylline and adenosine
      deaminase, when infused at the initiation of overdrive, caused 72.3 +/- 5.6 and
      63.3 +/- 6.1% reductions in pause duration, respectively. Endogenous adenosine
      levels rose significantly with hypoxia (1,687 +/- 202 vs. 36 +/- 4 pmol/min per g
      during normoxia) and increased significantly further during hypoxic overdrive
      (3,004 +/- 323 pmol/min per g). In isolated guinea pig Purkinje fibers (n = 4),
      adenosine (20 microM) increased pause duration by 73.6 +/- 9.9% while only
      minimally affecting the pre-drive cycle length (7.6 +/- 3.8%). These fibers, when
      stimulated at 1.5 Hz, also displayed an adenosine-induced reduction in action
      potential duration at 90% repolarization (16 +/- 2 msec). In addition, we
      demonstrated that adenosine had an enhanced effect on pause duration in the
      presence of ouabain (1 microM)-induced attenuation of overdrive suppression.
      Thus, in isolated Purkinje fibers, it is unlikely that the potentiating effect of
      adenosine on pause duration, which is independent of its chronotropic effect, is
      mediated via an enhancement of sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase pump
      activity. The effect of adenosine is likely to be secondary to a direct action on
      outward potassium conductance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4042283
TI  - Effect of development on coronary vasodilator reserve in the isolated guinea pig
      heart.
AB  - Morphological studies have demonstrated an age-related decrease in capillary
      density and capillary surface area in the developing heart. However, the
      consequences of these changes on myocardial perfusion are not known. We tested
      the hypothesis that the decreased capillary density is associated with a
      reduction in coronary blood flow reserve. To test this hypothesis, we studied
      coronary responses to adenosine and sodium nitroprusside administration, reactive
      hyperemia, and autoregulatory capacity. We used a Langendorff-perfused heart
      preparation from guinea pigs of five different age groups (1 week and 1, 2, 12,
      and 18 months). Data are expressed as mean +/- SEM. Maximal coronary flows
      (ml/min per g) in response to adenosine (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) infusion are: 27 +/-
      1.3, 18.5 +/- 1.4, 12.2 +/- 0.4, 10.3 +/- 0.3, and 10.6 +/- 0.8 at 1 week, 1, 2,
      12, and 18 months, respectively, with the flows at 1 week and 1 month
      significantly higher than those at 2, 12, and 18 months. There is a similar trend
      for a decreased maximum coronary perfusion in response to sodium nitroprusside
      (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) and following a 45-second occlusion of the coronary inlet
      flow. Despite the decreased maximal pharmacological and reactive hyperemic flow
      reserve, autoregulation of flow is not altered with growth. The pressure-flow
      relationship exhibits autoregulation between 25 and 55 mm Hg perfusion pressure
      for all but the 1-week age group, which autoregulates within a narrower range of
      pressures (20-45 mm Hg). Total maximal coronary flow (ml/min) increases during
      development; this indicates that the growth of vessels continues with
      development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042284
TI  - Effects of reperfusion after coronary artery occlusion on post-infarction scar
      tissue.
AB  - Early reperfusion after a coronary occlusion may reduce myocardial infarct size,
      but late reperfusion into necrotic myocardium may alter post-infarction healing.
      In rabbits, we compared 1- or 3-week-old scars resulting from permanent coronary
      occlusion to those resulting from a 1- or 3-hour occlusion followed by
      reperfusion. Reperfusion at 1 hour post-occlusion did not affect scar mechanical
      properties assessed at 1 week post-infarction, but at 3 weeks post-infarction,
      these scars had a tensile strength significantly lower than those not reperfused
      (78 +/- 11 vs. 158 +/- 15 g/mm2, P less than 0.001). They also were composed of a
      mixture of fibrous tissue (58 +/- 8%) and myocytes (43 +/- 8%) with a
      hydroxyproline content of 23 +/- 2.5 mg/g dry weight. The nonreperfused scars had
      a higher proportion of fibrous tissue (73 +/- 3%) by histological evaluation and
      a 35% higher hydroxyproline content (31 +/- 2 mg/g dry weight, P less than 0.001)
      than the scars reperfused after 1 hour. In contrast, 3-week-old scars resulting
      from "late" reperfusion at 3 hours post-occlusion were similar to nonreperfused
      scars in fibrous tissue composition and hydroxyproline content. Nonetheless, the
      tensile strength of these scars reperfused 3 hours post-occlusion was
      significantly less than that of the nonreperfused scars (72 +/- 5 vs. 158 +/- 15
      g/mm2, P less than 0.001). The lower tensile strength was associated with a lower
      collagen cross-link density in this reperfused group of scars. At physiological
      stress levels (approximately 3 g/mm2), all groups of reperfused and nonreperfused
      scars had similar mechanical properties in terms of natural strain, stiffness,
      creep, and stress relaxation. Thus, although the reperfused scars ruptured more
      easily at high stresses, when assessed at physiological stresses their mechanical
      properties were not significantly different from those of nonreperfused scars.

PMID- 4042285
TI  - The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in ischemia-induced increases in canine
      skeletal muscle vascular permeability.
AB  - Previous studies indicate that vascular permeability is increased in skeletal
      muscle subjected to 4 hours of inflow occlusion. However, the mechanism(s)
      underlying the increase in permeability are unknown. The aim of this study was to
      assess the role of oxygen-derived free radicals and histamine as putative
      mediators of the increased permeability in skeletal muscle subjected to 4 hours
      of inflow occlusion. The osmotic reflection coefficient for total plasma proteins
      and isogravimetric capillary pressure were estimated in canine gracilis muscle
      for the following conditions: control, ischemia, and ischemia plus pretreatment
      with allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor), catalase (a peroxidase that
      reduces hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen), superoxide dismutase (a
      superoxide anion scavenger), dimethyl sulfoxide (a hydroxyl radical scavenger),
      diphenhydramine (a histamine H1-receptor blocker), or cimetidine (a histamine H2
      receptor blocker). Ischemia, followed by reperfusion, significantly reduced the
      reflection coefficient from 0.94 +/- 0.02 to 0.64 +/- 0.02 and isogravimetric
      capillary pressure from 13.8 +/- 1.0 mm Hg to 6.9 +/- 0.4 mmHg, indicating a
      dramatic increase in microvascular permeability. Prior treatment with
      diphenhydramine or cimetidine did not significantly alter the permeability
      increase induced by ischemia. However, pretreatment with allopurinol, catalase,
      superoxide dismutase, or dimethylsulfoxide did significantly attenuate the
      increase in vascular permeability. The results of this study indicate that oxygen
      radicals are primarily responsible for the increased vascular permeability
      produced by ischemia-reperfusion, that the hydroxyl radical may represent the
      primary damaging radical, and that xanthine oxidase may represent the primary
      source of oxygen-derived free radicals in ischemic skeletal muscle.

PMID- 4042286
TI  - The renal sympathetic baroreflex in the rabbit. Arterial and cardiac baroreceptor
      influences, resetting, and effect of anesthesia.
AB  - Curves relating renal sympathetic nerve activity and mean arterial pressure were
      derived in conscious rabbits during ramp changes in mean arterial pressure,
      elicited by perivascular balloon inflation. The renal sympathetic nerve activity
      mean arterial pressure relationship consisted of a high-gain sigmoidal region
      about resting, where renal sympathetic nerve activity rose or fell in response to
      moderate falls and rises of mean arterial pressure. With larger pressure rises,
      renal sympathetic nerve activity first fell to a lower plateau and then reversed
      at even higher mean arterial pressure. When mean arterial pressure was lowered
      below resting, renal sympathetic nerve activity rose to an upper plateau and then
      reversed abruptly toward resting at low mean arterial pressure. Both arterial and
      cardiac baroreceptors exerted substantial inhibitory influences on renal
      sympathetic nerve activity at all pressure levels. These effects appeared
      additive over the central high gain region of the curve, but beyond this region
      there were non-additive interactions. The latter were affected considerably by
      alfathesin anesthesia. In other experiments, we studied the effects of sustained
      alterations in resting mean arterial pressure induced by infusing nitroprusside
      and phenylephrine, which produced rapid resetting of the renal baroreflex. The
      latter could be accounted for, in part, by resetting of the threshold of the
      arterial baroreceptors and in part by contributions from other afferents,
      probably the cardiac receptors. During resetting associated with nitroprusside
      induced falls in resting blood pressure, high-gain reflex adjustments in renal
      sympathetic nerve activity to moderate changes in mean arterial pressure were
      preserved, but during resetting associated with phenylephrine-induced rises in
      resting mean mean arterial pressure, the resting renal sympathetic nerve activity
      lay on the lower curve plateau, resulting in reduction in the apparent gain of
      the reflex renal sympathetic nerve activity response to moderate changes in mean
      arterial pressure.

PMID- 4042287
TI  - American Heart Association. Abstracts. 58th scientific sessions of the American
      Heart Association. November 11-14, 1985, Washington, D.C.

PMID- 4042288
TI  - Effects of sublingual nifedipine on hemodynamics and systolic and diastolic
      function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of sublingual nifedipine were examined in 36 patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Twenty-one patients were initially given 20 mg
      and 15 patients were given 10 mg of the drug; 30 min after this first dose 26
      patients received 10 mg and one patient 20 mg as a second dose. Hemodynamic
      findings in patients who received different doses of the drug were similar. Peak
      effects included an increase in heart rate from 79 +/- 12 to 91 +/- 14 (mean +/-
      1 SD) beats/min (p less than .01), and a decrease in mean blood pressure from 89
      +/- 12 to 77 +/- 10 mm Hg (p less than .01). Cardiac index increased after
      nifedipine (2.8 +/- 0.6 to 3.3 +/- 0.8 liters/min/m2; p less than .01); stroke
      volume index, however, did not change (36 +/- 7 to 36 +/- 8 ml/beat/m2; NS).
      Peripheral vascular resistance index fell significantly from 822 +/- 261 to 610
      +/- 197 dynes X sec X cm-5 (p less than .01). Overall, left ventricular outflow
      tract gradient (LVOTG) did not change in patients with significant (greater than
      or equal to 30 mm Hg) basal LVOTG (75 +/- 22 to 83 +/- 22 mm Hg; NS), but it
      increased significantly in those six patients in whom peripheral vascular
      resistance fell by 25% or more (73 +/- 28 to 99 +/- 22 mm Hg; p less than
      .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042289
TI  - Global and regional right ventricular function in normal infants and infants with
      transposition of the great arteries after Senning operation.
AB  - Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular size, global function, and
      regional wall motion was performed in 29 normal infants and 19 infants with
      transposition of the great arteries 1 to 41 months after they underwent the
      Senning procedure. Sixteen of the patients with transposition of the great
      arteries were in clinically good condition and three had congestive heart
      failure. The right ventricular endocardial surface was digitized frame by frame
      for a complete cardiac cycle in both subxiphoid long-axis (coronal plane) and
      short-axis (parasagittal plane) views, and the cross-sectional area and the area
      change fraction (AF) were calculated. In each plane the right ventricular wall
      was subdivided into four anatomic regions (infundibular, free wall,
      diaphragmatic, and septal). With the use of a floating point center of mass model
      the direction and average extent of motion of the endocardium was determined for
      each region. In normal infants the infundibular and free wall portions of the
      right ventricle exhibited the greatest inward motion and the septal segments the
      least inward motion. Although the maximal area in both long-axis (r = .85) and
      short-axis (r = .85) views was highly correlated with body surface area (BSA),
      neither global nor regional function was significantly correlated with age or
      BSA. In clinically well patients after Senning procedure regional right
      ventricular function followed an entirely different pattern than that seen in
      normal infants. The endocardium of the septal segments showed the greatest inward
      motion in systole. In contrast to those in normal infants, maximal and minimal
      cross-sectional areas did not correlate significantly with BSA.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042290
TI  - Intraoperative detection of myocardial ischemia in high-risk patients:
      electrocardiography versus two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.
AB  - Because acute segmental wall motion abnormalities (SWMAs) of the left ventricle
      are highly sensitive and specific indicators of myocardial ischemia, this study
      compared the incidence and significance of ischemia, as detected by two
      dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and surface electrocardiography,
      during anesthesia and surgery in patients at high risk of myocardial ischemia.
      During surgery, 24 of the 50 patients studied had new SWMAs, whereas only six had
      ST segment changes. All patients with ST segment changes also had new SWMAs: in
      three instances, SWMAs occurred before the ST segment change, and in three
      instances, they occurred simultaneously. All three patients who had
      intraoperative myocardial infarctions also had persistent intraoperative SWMAs,
      whereas only one patient had ST segment changes. Ten healthy patients requiring
      noncardiovascular surgery were monitored similarly; none of these had SWMAs, ST
      segment changes, or myocardial infarction. This study demonstrates the
      superiority of two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography over
      electrocardiography for the intraoperative detection of myocardial ischemia.
      Furthermore, when new SWMAs persist to the conclusion of surgery, myocardial
      infarction is likely to have occurred.

PMID- 4042291
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen recovery and toe pulse reappearance time in the assessment
      of peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - The accuracy of measurements of transcutaneous oxygen tension (Ptco2) in the
      diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) may be significantly increased by
      stressing limb circulation with the use of temporary ischemia. The purpose of
      this study was to compare the transcutaneous oxygen recovery half-time (TORT) and
      the toe pulse reappearance time (PRT/2) in a series of patients with symptomatic
      PVD before and after vascular reconstruction. The TORT was defined as the time
      required to recover half of the decrease in the limb/chest Ptco2 ratio caused by
      temporary limb ischemia, and is conceptually comparable to the toe PRT/2, the
      time required to recover half of the control toe pulse amplitude. Measurement of
      TORT was found to be more feasible (100% vs 58%) and to have a greater diagnostic
      yield (100% vs 92%) than that of the toe PRT/2. When measured on the dorsum of
      the foot, TORT values were found to correlate well with the severity of symptoms
      of PVD; toe PRT/2 values did not correlate with severity of symptoms. Patients
      who underwent successful vascular reconstruction had significant improvement in
      their calf and foot TORT values after surgery (p less than .005 and .0005,
      respectively); postoperative values were similar to those obtained in normal
      subjects. Toe PRT/2 values usually improved postoperatively, but in many patients
      postoperative values overlapped with values that were considered abnormal. There
      was no overlap of TORT values in normal subjects with those in patients with
      symptomatic PVD. The measurement of TORT may be clinically useful for screening
      patients with suspected PVD and for assessing quantitatively the results of
      conservative and surgical therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042292
TI  - Computer detection of atrioventricular dissociation from surface
      electrocardiograms during wide QRS complex tachycardias.
AB  - Differentiation of wide QRS complex tachycardias on surface electrocardiograms is
      difficult for physicians and computers due in part to their inability to identify
      atrial activity, specifically atrioventricular (AV) dissociation. We studied 20
      examples of AV associated rhythms and 17 examples of AV dissociated ventricular
      tachycardia. We applied an algorithm consisting of subtraction of a mean beat
      from each individual beat in leads II and V1 to generate remainder
      electrocardiograms. The remainder electrocardiograms were visually inspected for
      the presence of P wave candidates and then autocorrelated. AV dissociated P wave
      candidates were evident on visual inspection of remainder electrocardiograms in
      none of 20 AV associated and 15 of 17 AV dissociated rhythms. Atrial cycle length
      and the presence of AV dissociation were automatically detected by applying a
      peak selection algorithm to the autocorrelation function. AV association was
      detected in all 20 AV associated rhythms and AV dissociation was detected for 11
      of 17 AV dissociated rhythms (sensitivity 65%, specificity 100%, positive and
      negative predictive accuracy 100%, 77%). The correlation coefficient of detected
      vs true atrial cycle length for the 11 correctly detected AV dissociated rhythms
      was r = .98. Visual inspection of the remainder electrocardiograms along with the
      original electrocardiogram may increase the ease with which human readers can
      identify the presence of AV dissociation and thus diagnose ventricular
      tachycardia. Computer diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardias should be
      significantly improved by use of this algorithm.

PMID- 4042293
TI  - Maintenance of exercise stroke volume during ventricular versus atrial
      synchronous pacing: role of contractility.
AB  - Although atrial synchronous and rate-responsive ventricular pacing have been
      compared, the importance of maintaining synchronized atrial systole in addition
      to rate responsiveness has been incompletely defined. That is, the effects of
      these two pacing modes on cardiac volumes and contractility have not been
      studied. Accordingly, 16 patients with normal ventricular function were studied
      while in the upright position and at rest with gated radionuclide
      ventriculography during both atrial synchronous and ventricular pacing. Twelve of
      these patients were also studied during low-level upright exercise (300 kilopond
      meters). Rest and exercise ventricular pacing heart rates were matched to those
      recorded with synchronous pacing. Ventricular volumes were determined with a
      counts-based method. The ejection fraction and peak systolic pressure/end
      systolic volumes or contractility between the two pacing modes. However, during
      exercise to identical heart rates, blood pressures, and workloads, although
      stroke volume was the same during exercise with atrial synchronous and
      ventricular pacing (78 +/- 13 vs 75 +/- 12 ml), end-diastolic and end-systolic
      volumes were lower with ventricular pacing than with atrial synchronous pacing
      (end-diastolic volume 101 +/- 13 vs 113 +/- 16 ml, p less than .001; end-systolic
      volume 26 +/- 4 vs 35 +/- 7 ml, p less than .001). Stroke volume during
      ventricular paced exercise was maintained at atrial synchronous pacing levels by
      means of increased contractility (ejection fraction of 74 +/- 4% during
      ventricular pacing vs 69 +/- 5% during atrial synchronous pacing, p = .002; peak
      systolic pressure/end-systolic volume ratio of 6.51 +/- 1 during ventricular
      pacing vs 4.85 +/- 1 during atrial synchronous pacing, p less than
      .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042294
TI  - The effects of the rate of intravenous infusion of streptokinase and the duration
      of symptoms on the time interval to reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - We studied the influence of the following variables on the time interval from
      initiation of an intravenous infusion of 750,000 U of streptokinase until
      reperfusion (reperfusion time) in 140 consecutive patients with an evolving acute
      myocardial infarction: (1) the rate of infusion of streptokinase, (2) the
      duration of chest pain before initiation of treatment, (3) patient age, (4)
      patient sex, (5) location of infarction, (6) history of previous myocardial
      infarction, and (7) pretreatment pathologic Q waves. The time of reperfusion was
      recognized by clinical criteria that were completely concordant with the anatomic
      findings in all 119 patients in whom patency or occlusion of the artery of
      infarction was established at delayed angiography (n = 116) or at postmortem
      examination (n = 3). The mean reperfusion time for the 129 patients for whom data
      were available was 49 +/- 36 min. The reperfusion time was inversely related to
      the rate of infusion of streptokinase (r = .41, p less than .001), but this
      effect of infusion rate appeared to plateau at rates of greater than 500
      U/kg/min. In the 64 patients receiving infusions at rates of 500 U/kg/min or
      less, the mean reperfusion time was 60 +/- 40 min, whereas in the 58 patients
      receiving the drug at rates greater than 500 U/kg/min it was 35 +/- 22 min (p
      less than .001). The duration of chest pain before treatment was the only other
      studied variable found to influence the reperfusion time, but only at infusion
      rates of less than 250 U/kg/min (r = .6, p less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042295
TI  - Effects of intravascular volume state on the value of pulsus paradoxus and right
      ventricular diastolic collapse in predicting cardiac tamponade.
AB  - Both pulsus paradoxus and right ventricular diastolic collapse detected by two
      dimensional echocardiography are noninvasive markers of impaired cardiac function
      in cardiac tamponade, yet the reliability of each may vary with the patient's
      state of hydration. To examine the relative value of these noninvasive markers at
      various states of hydration, we studied five chronically prepared, conscious
      mongrel dogs during 37 episodes of cardiac tamponade at three different
      intravascular volumes. We continuously measured cardiac output (electromagnetic
      flowmeter), aortic blood pressure, right atrial blood pressure, intrapericardial
      pressure, and respirations. Intravascular volume was varied by adjusting the mean
      right atrial blood pressure to hypovolemic (-2 to -6 mm Hg), euvolemic (0 to 4 mm
      Hg), or hypervolemic (6 to 10 mm Hg) levels. The sensitivity and specificity of
      right ventricular diastolic collapse in predicting increases in intrapericardial
      pressure remained high at all levels of hydration. Pulsus paradoxus showed good
      sensitivity and specificity at low intravascular volumes, but both sensitivity
      and specificity declined at higher intravascular volumes. Thus right ventricular
      diastolic collapse was more sensitive and more specific than pulsus paradoxus in
      detecting increases in intrapericardial pressure during euvolemia and
      hypervolemia whereas the two tests were equally valuable in hypovolemic states.

PMID- 4042296
TI  - Comparison of pathologic and angiographic findings in a porcine preparation of
      coronary atherosclerosis.
AB  - Coronary atherosclerosis was induced in Yorkshire swine by diet-induced
      hyperlipidemia and balloon intimal abrasion of a coronary artery. Severe stenoses
      pathologically similar to the lesions of human atherosclerosis were seen after 8
      months of the atherogenic regimen. To examine the relationship between the
      angiogram and pathology in the assessment of the extent and location of coronary
      atherosclerosis, antemortem angiographic results were compared with results of
      pathologic examination. Vernier caliper measurements of the coronary angiogram
      were compared with results of morphometric evaluation of perfusion-fixed coronary
      arteries. Isolated focal stenoses were correctly localized and quantified, as
      were focal lesions within vessels diffusely diseased. Both overestimation and
      underestimation of lesions occurred at bifurcation sites. Diffuse disease without
      focal stenoses was not well demonstrated angiographically. Vessels that were
      angiographically thought to be normal or only minimally diseased demonstrated
      significantly larger lumens angiographically than pathologically. This is
      believed to be due to fixation and paraffin-processing artifact, even though
      fixation was performed by perfusion at physiologic pressure. The demonstration of
      an excellent correlation between the luminal size as determined angiographically
      and morphometrically at sites of focal obstruction confirms the value of
      quantitation of coronary angiograms in vivo as a diagnostic tool in coronary
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4042297
TI  - Cesium chloride-induced long QT syndrome: demonstration of afterdepolarizations
      and triggered activity in vivo.
AB  - The identification of afterdepolarizations and their relationship to arrhythmias
      in vivo is not available. Experiments were undertaken to determine whether
      afterdepolarizations could be detected in monophasic action potentials (MAPs)
      recorded in vivo and whether they were related to arrhythmias in an intact canine
      preparation of the long QT syndrome. Isolated cardiac tissues from six dogs were
      studied to validate the technique. In simultaneous MAP and transmembrane
      recordings, afterdepolarizations induced with barium (early) or
      acetylstrophanthidin (delayed) were detected in MAPs when present in
      microelectrode recordings. MAPs were then recorded in situ in eight dogs with
      cesium chloride-induced long QT syndrome associated with ventricular arrhythmias.
      Afterdepolarizations were identified in each of the dogs and were similar to
      early afterdepolarizations identified in vitro; they occurred during phase 3 and
      were attenuated during overdrive pacing. The afterdepolarizations were closely
      related to arrhythmias: (1) afterdepolarizations always preceded ventricular
      arrhythmias, (2) the coupling intervals (CI) of the afterdepolarizations (AD) and
      the ventricular premature beats (VPB) were nearly identical (VPB CI = 1.06 AD CI 
      10.24; r2 = .87), (3) the take-off potentials of the ventricular premature beats
      were nearly identical to the amplitude of the afterdepolarizations (take-off
      potential = 0.98 afterdepolarization amplitude +0.46, r2 = .87), and (4)
      afterdepolarizations and ventricular arrhythmias resolved concurrently during
      overdrive pacing and with time. Thus, a new catheter technique has been validated
      and has been used to directly identify afterdepolarizations and triggered
      activity in vivo.

PMID- 4042298
TI  - Effects of right ventricular ischemia on left ventricular geometry and the end
      diastolic pressure-volume relationship in the dog.
AB  - We studied the effects of right ventricular ischemia on left ventricular three
      dimensional geometry and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship in 16
      open-chest dogs before and after pericardiectomy. Left ventricular volume was
      calculated from three internal dimensions measured with ultrasonic crystals. In
      one group of eight dogs, right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion for 2 min with the
      pericardium intact reduced aortic flow by 24 +/- 9% (p less than .001) and septal
      lateral dimension by 8 +/- 5% (p less than .01), without changing anterior
      posterior and apical-basal dimensions. However, parameters of left ventricular
      systolic function (aortic flow, left ventricular systolic pressure, peak dP/dt,
      and mean percent systolic shortening) were similar to those observed at a
      comparable level of left ventricular end-diastolic volume during inferior vena
      caval occlusion. In the other group of eight dogs, during RCA occlusion before
      pericardiectomy the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship
      determined during rapid blood transfusion shifted leftward and upward
      significantly from the preocclusion relationship. After pericardiectomy, RCA
      occlusion caused less significant changes in aortic flow and septal-lateral
      dimension as well as in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume
      relationship. We concluded that right ventricular ischemia causes a leftward
      shift of the interventricular septum in end-diastole and an alteration of the
      left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship without changing left
      ventricular myocardial performance. These changes are enhanced by the intact
      pericardium.

PMID- 4042299
TI  - Contrast echocardiographic estimation of regional myocardial blood flow after
      acute coronary occlusion.
AB  - Contrast echocardiography can predict pathologic area at risk during acute
      coronary occlusion. In this study we evaluated (1) whether the intensity and
      timing of contrast appearance in ischemic regions can provide a quantitative
      measure of residual myocardial perfusion, and (2) whether changes in these
      parameters observed after serial injections reflect changes in blood flow to
      acutely ischemic tissue. Supra-aortic hydrogen peroxide contrast echocardiography
      was performed in 12 consecutive dogs at 1, 20, and 120 min after acute circumflex
      coronary occlusion. Contrast enhancement was determined qualitatively with a
      segmental four-point scoring system based on the appearance time and peak
      perceived intensity of contrast enhancement and quantitatively with a computer
      algorithm designed to reflect these parameters. Comparison was made in each
      segment to concomitant radioactive microsphere blood flow. Qualitative scoring
      related systematically to normalized segmental blood flow (3+ = 93%; 2+ = 61%; 1+
      = 32%; 0 = 18%; p less than .01 for each vs adjacent value), as did quantitative
      analysis including all segments (r = .78; p less than .01) and isolated to the
      ischemic region (flow = 1.13 intensity change +6.8%; r = .83, p less than .001).
      Changes in microsphere flow in ischemic regions between sequential observations
      were correlated with changes in qualitative score (r = .88, p less than .001) and
      results of quantitative analysis (r = 0.70, p less than .01). The amount of
      contrast enhancement can provide quantitative information about residual
      myocardial blood flow in ischemic regions and can also be used to track changing
      patterns of flow in vivo after acute coronary occlusion.

PMID- 4042300
TI  - Mechanisms of improving regional and global ventricular function by preload
      alterations during acute ischemia in the canine left ventricle.
AB  - We examined the influence of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) on
      the mechanical interaction between ischemic and nonischemic areas during acute
      myocardial ischemia. Circumferentially oriented ultrasonic segment gauges were
      implanted in the midwall of the anterior apex and posterior apex of the left
      ventricle in seven anesthetized dogs. Stroke volume was measured with a flow
      probe around the ascending aorta in five of these animals. We varied LVEDP with
      vena caval occlusion and dextran infusions to three matched levels (7, 12, and 19
      mm Hg) before and 30 min after complete occlusion of the mid left anterior
      descending coronary artery. With acute ischemia, the anterior apex or ischemic
      zone demonstrated marked segmental lengthening during isovolumetric systole (end
      diastole to aortic valve opening) and akinesis during the ejection phase (aortic
      valve opening to closure). In the posterior apex or nonischemic area,
      isovolumetric shortening increased and ejection phase shortening decreased during
      acute ischemia when compared with those under control conditions at the same
      LVEDP. Thus, a portion of the shortening generated by the nonischemic area was
      expended in stretching the ischemic zone during isovolumetric systole, thereby
      reducing the amount of ejection phase shortening. As LVEDP was increased, there
      was a parallel decrease in both the amount of isovolumetric lengthening in the
      ischemic zone and the isovolumetric shortening in the nonischemic area. As a
      result, acute ischemia produced less of a reduction in ejection phase shortening
      in the nonischemic area and in stroke volume at high as compared with low LVEDP.
      We conclude that the ischemic zone imposes a mechanical disadvantage on the
      nonischemic area, the magnitude of which is directly proportional to the amount
      of isovolumetric lengthening or bulge in the ischemic zone. An increase in LVEDP
      during acute ischemia improves regional and global ventricular function by both
      the Frank-Starling mechanism in the nonischemic (but not the ischemic) area and
      by reducing the mechanical disadvantage that the ischemic zone imposes on the
      nonischemic area.

PMID- 4042301
TI  - Coronary risk factor statement for the American public. A statement of the
      nutrition committee.

PMID- 4042303
TI  - Increased lung vasoreactivity in children from Leadville, Colorado, after
      recovery from high-altitude pulmonary edema.
AB  - Cardiac catheterization was performed on seven children after recovery from high
      altitude pulmonary edema. All were life-long residents at elevations above 10,000
      feet. Three of the seven had developed pulmonary edema without antecedent travel
      to low altitude but had an upper respiratory infection. Response of pulmonary
      arterial pressure to 16% inspired oxygen in all seven was compared with that in
      six well children who resided at a similar altitude and had no history of high
      altitude pulmonary edema. With hypoxia the susceptible patients had a greater
      mean pulmonary arterial pressure (56.3 +/- 23.8) than the nonsusceptible children
      (18.8 +/- 3.9, p less than .05). Comparison with historical hemodynamic responses
      in children at high altitudes showed a similar greater mean pulmonary arterial
      pressure in the susceptible children. Thus, in children from high altitudes,
      increased pulmonary vasoreactivity to hypoxia may play a role in the pathogenesis
      of high-altitude pulmonary edema. The development of pulmonary edema in high
      altitude residents with upper respiratory infections and no antecedent low
      altitude journey is consistent with the presence of other factors such as
      inflammation, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of the edema. The finding
      of right ventricular hypertrophy on an electrocardiogram in children from high
      altitudes may be predictive of their susceptibility to high-altitude pulmonary
      edema.

PMID- 4042302
TI  - Atherogenic lipoproteins and coronary artery disease: concepts derived from
      recent advances in cellular and molecular biology.

PMID- 4042304
TI  - Complex ventricular arrhythmias in patients with Q wave versus non-Q wave
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - We examined whether or not subsets of patients with complex ventricular
      arrhythmias after myocardial infarction are at high risk with respect to 1 year
      mortality after hospital discharge. Based on previous studies showing increased
      risk for those with non-Q wave infarcts, we hypothesized that complex PVCs
      (premature ventricular complexes) in this group might be associated with a poorer
      prognosis than complex PVCs in patients with Q wave infarcts. Seven hundred
      seventy-seven patients entering our study with acute infarction were followed
      prospectively for 1 year after undergoing a predischarge 24 hr ambulatory
      electrocardiographic examination. Patients were classified by
      electrocardiographic criteria into the following groups: Non-Q wave (n = 191), Q
      wave anterior (n = 261), and Q wave inferior infarction (n = 325). The following
      arrhythmias were classified as complex: multiform PVCs, couplets, and ventricular
      tachycardia. Sixty-two percent of patients with non-Q wave infarcts who did not
      survive 1 year had complex PVCs, compared with 32% of survivors (p less than
      .01). No differences were seen in the Q wave subgroup. The survival for patients
      with Q wave and non-Q wave infarction without complex PVCs were nearly identical
      at 1 year (93% and 90%), whereas in patients with complex PVCs survival for those
      with Q wave and non-Q wave infarction was 92% and 76%, respectively (p less than
      .001). Of those with non-Q wave infarction, only 4% of nonsurvivors were free of
      any PVCs, as compared with 28% of nonsurvivors in the Q wave group (p less than
      .02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042305
TI  - The relationship of white cell count, platelet count, and hematocrit to cigarette
      smoking in adolescents: the Oslo Youth Study.
AB  - This article reports on the relationship between cigarette smoking, white blood
      cell count (WBC), platelet count (PC), and hematocrit in a Norwegian adolescent
      population. Data were obtained on 439 youths, 14 to 16 years old, as part of the
      Oslo Youth Study, an investigation of risk factors and behaviors for
      cardiovascular disease and cancer among adolescents. Analyses of covariance,
      controlling for height, weight, age, sexual maturation, high-density lipoprotein
      (HDL) cholesterol, and hematocrit revealed that both male and female regular
      smokers (those reporting smoking at least once a week) had significantly higher
      mean WBCs. Male regular smokers also had significantly higher PCs than
      nonsmokers, and female regular smokers had higher PCs than young women who smoked
      less often than once a month. Hematocrit, after adjustment for height, weight,
      age, sexual maturation, and HDL cholesterol, was significantly lower in male
      regular smokers, while female regular smokers had higher hematocrit values than
      nonsmokers or occasional smokers. Results of this study show that WBC and PC were
      increased in adolescents who started smoking relatively recently. This indicates
      that the increase in white cell count observed in smokers is unlikely to be due
      to a longstanding smoking-induced chronic disease condition.

PMID- 4042306
TI  - The nature of opioid involvement in the hemodynamic respiratory and humoral
      responses to exercise.
AB  - After 30 min rest in the lying position, 12 healthy male volunteers (average age
      22 years) received, in a randomized double-blind cross-over protocol, either
      saline or naloxone (10 mg iv followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/hr).
      Thereafter they rested for a further 30 min in the recumbent position and for 15
      min sitting on a bicycle ergometer; they then exercised to exhaustion. At rest
      plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, and aldosterone increased
      during infusion of naloxone, while body temperature decreased. During exercise
      the difference in plasma ACTH between naloxone and saline periods was abolished,
      while the differences in plasma cortisol and aldosterone lost statistical
      significance. Intra-arterial pressure, heart rate, ventilation, O2 uptake, and
      CO2 output were continuously monitored throughout the experiment and were not
      affected by naloxone. This was also the case for several hormonal and biochemical
      measurements, including those of plasma renin, angiotensin II, norepinephrine,
      13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha, glucose and lactate, and serum
      insulin and growth hormone. Exercise performance was not changed by naloxone. In
      conclusion (1) during exhaustive graded exercise of short duration opioidergic
      inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis is probably not sustained, (2)
      apart from the latter mechanism, the present study does not support the
      hypothesis that endogenous opioids are involved in various hemodynamic,
      respiratory, and hormonal responses to this type of exercise.

PMID- 4042308
TI  - Sodium hyaluronate (Healon) in cyclodialysis.

PMID- 4042307
TI  - Effects of reduced left ventricular mass on chamber architecture, load, and
      function: a study of anorexia nervosa.
AB  - We investigated the effects of reduction in left ventricular mass on cavity
      geometry, afterload, pump function, and exercise performance in 17 patients with
      anorexia nervosa and in 10 age-and sex-matched normal subjects. Left ventricular
      mass index determined by two-dimensional echo-cardiography was significantly
      lower than that in normal subjects (53 +/- 15 vs 79 +/- 18 g/m2; p less than
      .005). Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes were also
      reduced in patients with anorexia nervosa compared with normal subjects (49 +/-
      11 vs 65 +/- 17 ml/m2, p less than .005; 14 +/- 5 vs 19 +/- 4 ml/m2, p less than
      .025). In spite of the reductions in left ventricular mass and volume indexes,
      left ventricular chamber architecture described as h/R ratio, mass to volume
      ratio, and short/long left ventricular axis ratio were normal. Left ventricular
      afterload assessed as end-systolic meridional and circumferential wall stress was
      normal (59 +/- 18 vs 79 +/- 19 dyne/cm2 X 10(3) and 170 +/- 26 vs 167 +/- 23
      dyne/cm2 X 10(3)). Ejection fraction, percent fractional shortening, and the
      relationship between end-systolic wall stress and ejection fraction were all
      within normal limits. In seven patients restudied after a 15% to 20% weight gain,
      left ventricular mass and volume indexes increased significantly but end-systolic
      wall stress and ejection fraction did not change. Ten patients with anorexia
      nervosa and resting heart rates and systolic blood pressures significantly lower
      than control values underwent treadmill testing. Exercise duration, peak heart
      rate, peak systolic blood pressure, and peak oxygen consumption in these patients
      were all significantly lower than normal. The hypotensive effect of fasting
      resulted in an initial decrease in afterload, which was the stimulus for
      reduction in left ventricular mass. The left ventricular remodeling associated
      with the mass reduction occurred in such a way that (1) orthogonal, meridional,
      and circumferential wall stresses were normalized, (2) normal chamber shape and
      architecture were maintained, and (3) chamber function and stress-shortening
      relationships were preserved. Thus down-regulation of left ventricular mass per
      se, like up-regulation of left ventricular mass, is not associated with abnormal
      left ventricular function.

PMID- 4042309
TI  - Astigmatic analysis of the scleral pocket incision and closure technique for
      cataract surgery.

PMID- 4042310
TI  - Experience in intraocular surgery with the Meditec OPL3 mode-locked and the LASAG
      Microruptor II Q-switched Nd-YAG lasers.

PMID- 4042311
TI  - Reproducible measurement of oxygen permeability (Dk) of contact lens materials.

PMID- 4042312
TI  - An accommodating contact lens.

PMID- 4042313
TI  - Aging changes in the human lacrimal gland: role of the ducts.

PMID- 4042314
TI  - Tear film osmolarity and keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

PMID- 4042316
TI  - Correction of presbyopia with contact lenses and management of posterior capsule
      after cataract extraction. Adapted from the January 13, 1985 meeting of the
      Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists (CLAO).

PMID- 4042315
TI  - A CLAO Journal survey of trends in ophthalmology practice.

PMID- 4042317
TI  - Eleventh International Symposium on Clinical Enzymology 1984--Selected Papers. 15
      18 February 1984, Rome, Italy.

PMID- 4042318
TI  - Preliminary observations on the application of carcino-placental alkaline
      phosphatase to the investigation of patients with seminoma of the testes.
AB  - Suitable tumour markers for monitoring the treatment of seminoma of the testis
      have not yet been established in clinical practice. Carcino-placental alkaline
      phosphatase (CPAP) has been suggested for this purpose but it is difficult to
      detect and specifically analyse this enzyme. We have devised an immunoenzymatic
      method of analysis in which cross-reactions with liver type and intestinal
      alkaline phosphatase are minimal and we have applied this test to seven patients
      with histologically proven seminoma. CPAP was raised in 4 patients prior to
      treatment and chorionic gonadotrophin in two of these. Alpha-fetoprotein was
      normal in all cases. We conclude that the use of CPAP in monitoring treatment of
      testicular seminoma is worthy of further attention.

PMID- 4042319
TI  - Determination of prolinase activity in plasma. Application to liver disease and
      its relation with prolidase activity.
AB  - We describe prolinase (EC 3.4.13.8) activity in human plasma for the first time.
      Optimum activity was obtained with prolylvaline as substrate and 0.02 mmol/L
      manganese concentration at pH 9.0. Moreover, preincubation with manganese was not
      required, contrary to prolidase (EC 3.4.13.9) activity. The mean value observed
      in 106 subjects without liver and renal disorders was 16 U/L +/- 14 (2 SD). We
      determined this plasma enzyme activity in patients with acute hepatitis and
      chronic liver disease. Plasma prolinase activity was strongly dependent upon
      cytolysis because of the high activity in liver and the low activity in plasma.
      Of 24 patients with chronic liver disease (4 chronic hepatitis and 20 cirrhosis)
      and without cytolysis, prolinase activity was slightly increased in only three
      patients, whereas prolidase activity was increased in 13. This could be due to a
      difference in the activation of these two enzymes in liver during the fibrotic
      process.

PMID- 4042320
TI  - Fecal chymotrypsin: a new diagnostic test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
      in children with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The purpose of this report is to evaluate whether a new, simple, non-invasive
      method for chymotrypsin measurement in stools is useful for the diagnosis of
      exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis (CF). A hundred children
      aged from 2 months to 12 years were tested: 50 children had been admitted for
      chronic diarrhoea, 15 for cystic fibrosis and 40 acted as controls. Chymotrypsin
      in stools was assayed using a kinetic measurement with Succ-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNa
      as substrate in a simple photometric assay. In 13 of 15 children with cystic
      fibrosis, stool enzyme levels were always remarkably low, while all control
      subjects and all children not presenting cystic fibrosis had normal stool levels
      of chymotrypsin. Our data suggest that stool chymotrypsin measurement is a simple
      and reliable "tubeless" test for the evaluation of exocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency in children with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4042321
TI  - Macro creatine kinase type 2: a marker of myocardial damage in infants?
AB  - The case histories of two children (aged two months) affected by myocarditis
      showing an atypical band of serum creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2; CK) in the CK
      isoenzyme electrophoretic pattern are reported. The electrophoretic mobility on
      cellulose acetate of the atypical iso-CK band and its greater relative molecular
      mass, the lack of binding with immunoglobulins and the result of CK-BB
      determination by RIA, allowed us to identify the band with an oligomeric form of
      the mitochondrial isoenzyme. One child died 2 days after admission, while in the
      other it was possible to demonstrate reduction and disappearance of the atypical
      band in concomitance with a marked clinical improvement. Our findings suggest
      that the oligomeric form of mitochondrial-CK is released in conditions of serious
      heart muscle damage, and that it may be an indicator of myocardial cellular
      necrosis in pediatric patients.

PMID- 4042322
TI  - Inhibition of uricase by pyrimidine and purine drugs.
AB  - A number of barbiturates inhibit uricase from porcine liver competitively, the
      Ki, values being in the range 1 to 13 X 10(-3) mol/L. In general the Ki increases
      as the size of the substituents at C-5 increases. Theophylline also inhibits the
      enzyme competitively (Ki = 1 X 10(-3) mol/L) but theobromine and caffeine have no
      inhibitory action at 0.01 mol/L. A number of sulphonamides and some other
      heterocyclic compounds, at 10(-3) mol/L, do not inhibit uricase. The possible
      effects of such inhibition in clinical assays for plasma/serum urate are
      discussed but it is concluded that the compounds which were studied are unlikely
      to cause significant interference in the assay.

PMID- 4042323
TI  - On the difference between colonic and small intestinal alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Colonic and small intestinal alkaline phosphatase extracts were studied
      biochemically and electrophoretically to elucidate the source of a reported
      difference in cellulose acetate electrophoretic mobility. Both preparations were
      inactivated with 0.5 mmol/L L-phenylalanine but retained full activity in the
      presence of 1.0 mmol/L tetramisole. Treatment with neuraminidase changed a minor
      fraction of the small intestinal but the major portion of the colonic alkaline
      phosphatase to a cathodically migrating form. The most likely explanation for our
      findings is that the colon and small intestinal alkaline phosphatase are mixtures
      of the same multiple forms but in different proportions.

PMID- 4042324
TI  - Preparation and certification of human hair powder reference material.
AB  - Human hair powder reference material was prepared and certified for elemental
      composition. Human scalp hair (from Japanese men) was washed in a non-ionic
      detergent solution in an ultrasonic cleaner, dried, ground in an agate ball mill,
      sieved through a polyethylene net, blended, bottled (1100 vials, 2 g each), and
      finally sterilized by 60Co radiation. The prepared material satisfied the
      homogeneity criteria for a reference material. We determined trace elements by
      inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and atomic absorption
      spectrometry and investigated matrix interference effects. The material was
      certified by using the data obtained by various analytical techniques; certified
      values are provided for Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr, and Zn.
      The elemental composition of this reference material is considered similar to
      normal values for the male Japanese population.

PMID- 4042325
TI  - Analysis for nicotine and cotinine in hair to determine cigarette smoker status.
AB  - Noninvasive validation of cigarette smoking behavior is necessary for large
      population studies, especially with adolescents, where peer pressures can
      compromise self-report. Saliva and urine samples provide biological material for
      confirmation of recent nicotine intake by analysis for cotinine, the major
      metabolite of nicotine. However, detection of infrequent use of cigarettes can be
      missed in a single annual screen when participants have not smoked in the
      preceding week. We analyzed scalp hair from smokers and controls, to see whether
      hair could provide reliable samples for determining nicotine uptake. The amounts
      of nicotine and cotinine we detected in these samples correlated with individual
      smoking habits and exposures.

PMID- 4042326
TI  - Peroxidase-coupled method for kinetic colorimetry of total creatine kinase
      activity in serum.
AB  - We describe a peroxidase-coupled method involving a colorimetric indicator
      reaction for determining the total activity of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) in
      serum. The kinetically favorable reverse reaction is exploited to generate
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate, which is used in the glycerol kinase-catalyzed
      phosphorylation of glycerol. The glycerol 3-phosphate so generated is oxidized in
      the presence of alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase to produce hydrogen peroxide,
      which is reduced in the presence of peroxidase with the simultaneous oxidation
      and coupling of 4-aminoantipyrene and 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonate to
      produce an intensely colored red chromogen. Results of the proposed method (y)
      correlate well with those of the Boehringer-Mannheim "CK-NAC UV" method as
      applied to the Hitachi 705 chemistry analyzer (y = 1.025 chi - 18.1, r = 0.9985,
      n = 100, range = 19-4531 U/L). The sensitivity of the method, based on molar
      absorptivities, is nearly fourfold that of procedures involving the reduction of
      NADP+.

PMID- 4042327
TI  - Changes in the ratio of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 1 and 2 during the first
      day after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - It is known that the ratio of isoenzyme 1 to total lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC
      1.1.1.27) in serum is increased in all patients with acute myocardial infarction
      within 24 h of the infarct. We now show that the LD-1/LD-2 ratio for serum more
      promptly indicates acute myocardial infarction, being for most patients
      equivalent to measurement of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzyme 2 (CK-2, CK
      MB) in serum. Of 128 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of myocardial
      infarction, 66 had normal values for all "cardiac" enzymes at the time of
      admission, but greater than 75% of them showed a parallel increase in values for
      CK-2 and the LD-1/LD-2 ratio. Of the 26 patients who had one or more abnormal
      values for cardiac enzymes on admission, 95% showed a parallel increase in CK-2
      and the LD-1/LD-2 ratio, the median time for the beginning of these changes being
      9 h from the onset of chest pain. The remaining 36 patients were excluded from
      the study because CK-2 decreased after admission or because the time of onset of
      chest pain was uncertain.

PMID- 4042329
TI  - Identification by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry of a
      glucuronic acid conjugate of o-hydroxybenzoic acid in normal urine and uremic
      plasma.
AB  - An endogenous compound (included in the fraction of uremic toxins often called
      the "uremic middle molecules") was separated from plasma of uremic patients and
      urine from normal persons. As elucidated by mass spectrometry, enzymatic
      hydrolysis, and 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, it appears to be a conjugate
      of o-hydroxybenzoic acid with glucuronic acid. Its presence in urine of healthy
      subjects indicates its physiological character.

PMID- 4042328
TI  - Lack of specificity of current anti-digoxin antibodies, and preparation of a new,
      specific polyclonal antibody that recognizes the carbohydrate moiety of digoxin.
AB  - Current immunoassays for digoxin do not distinguish digoxin from its glycosidic
      metabolites. We have synthesized a novel digoxin/bovine serum albumin conjugate
      via reductive ozonolysis of the lactone ring such that the carbohydrate moiety of
      digoxin remains intact. Antibodies raised against this conjugate show minimal
      cross reactivity to digoxigenin, bisdigitoxide, monodigitoxide, digoxigenin, and
      digitoxin. With this antibody, digoxin can be measured in the presence of these
      metabolites.

PMID- 4042330
TI  - Oxygen toxicity related to exposure to lead.
AB  - We evaluated superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (EC
      1.11.1.9) activities in the erythrocytes of lead-exposed and nonexposed workers
      from distinct industries localized in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
      Concentrations of either lead or protoporphyrin IX, or both, in blood were used
      to indicate the extent of exposure. In all cases, values for superoxide dismutase
      were significantly higher in the exposed workers. The dose-response relationship
      between this enzyme and lead concentrations was roughly linear for the workers
      with greater than 40 micrograms of lead per 100 g of blood. Except for the sample
      from one of the industries, the corresponding glutathione peroxidase activities
      were also significantly higher in lead-exposed workers. These data, together with
      those previously found for patients with intermittent acute porphyria, suggest
      that in both groups the accumulation of heme precursors is connected to the
      exacerbated production of activated oxygen species.

PMID- 4042331
TI  - Chemical nature of a synthetic bilirubin conjugate and its reactivities in the
      total and direct reactions by the Jendrassik-Grof method.
AB  - Using liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and
      elemental analyses, we verified that a commercially available synthetic bilirubin
      conjugate is predominantly a ditaurobilirubin (DTB) disodium salt. The Jendrassik
      Grof total bilirubin (TBIL) method quantitatively measures unconjugated bilirubin
      (Bu) and the Bu-equivalent content in DTB, from which we infer that the
      azopigments of Bu and DTB have identical molar absorptivities, which do not
      change in the presence of either serum or serum albumin of human or bovine
      origin. However, based on the ratio of direct bilirubin (DBIL) to TBIL, the DBIL
      reaction in dilute HCI is incomplete (even up to 20 min), with lower yields in a
      matrix of bovine serum albumin than in human serum. By contrast, the DBIL
      reaction in acetate buffer (pH 4.75) is quantitative for DTB in human serum (or
      its albumin), but less so in bovine serum (or its albumin). DTB is water soluble,
      is relatively stable when lyophilized with human serum, and is determined with
      such high precision in the above-mentioned endpoint assays that it may be a
      suitable surrogate calibrator for conjugated bilirubin.

PMID- 4042332
TI  - Improved assay of antithrombin-III. Effects of certain additives on thrombin and
      on chromogenic peptide substrates.
AB  - When manual assays of antithrombin-III with use of different synthetic
      chromogenic peptide substrates are modified for a centrifugal analyzer, the
      downward deflection of the reference curve at the zero point raises a serious
      problem, because the position of the zero value is included in the calculation of
      the reference curve. Complete linearity was obtained by addition of polyethylene
      glycol 6000 to the thrombin solution and Tween 80 to the substrate solution in
      final concentrations of 1 g/L and 100 mg/L, respectively. The additives increased
      the concentration of active thrombin in the solutions by preventing its
      adsorption and aggregation, and the solubility of the substrates in aqueous media
      is increased. The precision of the optimized method, tested in routine assays
      during three months, yielded an estimated day-to-day CV of 3.4%.

PMID- 4042333
TI  - Liquid chromatography of free hydroxyproline in serum.
AB  - We report a "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method for measuring free
      hydroxyproline in serum. After separating the free hydroxyproline from the
      protein- and peptide-bound forms by centrifugal ultrafiltration, we derivatize
      the free form with 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl ("dabsyl") chloride and
      separate and quantify the derivative on a C18 chromatographic column. The mobile
      phase is sodium acetate buffer and acetonitrile, in a multilinear solvent
      gradient. The derivative is detected at 436 nm. Mean analytical recovery was 73%.
      The assay curve is linear from 14 to 213 pmol of hydroxyproline per 5-microL
      injection. The within- and interassay CVs were 8% at 10.7 mumol/L hydroxyproline
      and 10% at 13.5 mumol/L hydroxyproline, respectively.

PMID- 4042334
TI  - Anion-exchange chromatography to determine the concentration of chloride in sweat
      for diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
AB  - For the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, we use the "Macroduct Sweat Collection
      System" (Wescor) to sample sweat, and anion-exchange chromatography to determine
      its chloride content. The chromatographic system consists of a Whatman Partisil
      SAX 10-microns column, an isocratic phosphate-buffered mobile phase, and
      ultraviolet detection at 200 nm. The sweat chloride concentrations of 10
      individuals with cystic fibrosis ranged from 101 to 131 mmol/L (mean 111, SD 9
      mmol/L). For 11 controls the values ranged from 13 to 54 mmol/L (mean 28, SD 11
      mmol/L). We conclude that the procedure is reliable for the diagnosis of cystic
      fibrosis.

PMID- 4042335
TI  - Solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography for improved assay of
      cyclosporine in whole blood or plasma.
AB  - In this simple, precise, accurate, and specific isocratic liquid chromatographic
      procedure for determining cyclosporine, the cyclosporine is extracted from 1 mL
      of whole blood or from plasma, with 500 micrograms of cyclosporin D added per
      liter as internal standard, by elution from a Bond-ElutTM C18 extraction column
      with 300 microL of a mixture of ethanol and tetrahydrofuran. A 100-microL aliquot
      of the eluate, injected onto a cyano-phase analytical column, is eluted with a
      mixture of acetonitrile and pH 7.0 phosphate buffer at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min
      and at 50 degrees C. Detection is at 210 nm. The chromatography is complete in
      less than 14.0 min. The method can measure less than 10.0 micrograms/L.
      Analytical recovery of cyclosporine added to whole blood ranged from 99 to 109%
      for concentrations up to 2000 micrograms/L. Between-run CVs ranged from 6.4 to
      6.6%. None of numerous drugs and steroids tested interfered. Results by
      radioimmunoassay exceeded by 20 to 350% those measured by the present method.

PMID- 4042336
TI  - Studies directed toward labeling analysis of angiotensin II in plasma.
AB  - We assay a 1-mL plasma sample containing angiotensin II (103 pg by
      radioimmunoassay) for the hormone by the following sequence of steps: add 125I
      labeled val5-angiotensin II as an internal standard, extract on a C18 Sep Pak
      column, extract on an antibody affinity column, label the extract with an 125I
      Bolton-Hunter reagent, separate on a Bio Gel P2 column, and repetitively separate
      on a reversed-phase "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic column, detecting
      the eluting compounds by counting radioactivity. The fact that we measured 46 pg
      of angiotensin II-like substance per milliliter in a sample of pooled plasma is
      encouraging for the further development of this methodology. In particular,
      replacing the radioisotope with a more suitable chemical label such as an
      electrophoric (electron-capturing) release tag should be useful.

PMID- 4042337
TI  - Five methods for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in
      serum compared.
AB  - Five methods for the quantification of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol were
      compared: ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, precipitation with polyvinyl
      sulfate or heparin, and an indirect calculation procedure (Friedewald formula).
      Excellent agreement of results was obtained with all procedures for 49 of 51
      sera. Discrepancies were as much as 1.69 g/L for the remaining two cases, which
      contained appreciable amounts of "floating" beta-cholesterol as detected with a
      combination of ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis.

PMID- 4042338
TI  - Increased activity of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB in a theophylline-intoxicated
      patient.
AB  - A 78-year-old woman had increased activities of creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2)
      and CK-MB isoenzyme in her serum, associated with severe theophylline
      intoxication. The time course for CK-MB activity was similar to that from an
      acute myocardial infarction. Clinical findings, however, including
      electrocardiograms, did not support the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. We
      suggest caution in interpreting CK-MB results in severe theophylline
      intoxication.

PMID- 4042339
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of human choriogonadotropin.

PMID- 4042340
TI  - Estimation of low-density lipoprotein by the Friedewald formula and by
      electrophoresis compared.

PMID- 4042341
TI  - Prolactin concentrations in serum unchanged in transient global amnesia.

PMID- 4042342
TI  - Serum fructosamine and assay pH.

PMID- 4042343
TI  - Low thyrotropin concentrations as measured with a commercial kit.

PMID- 4042344
TI  - Salicylate procedure for the Cobas-Bio analyzer.

PMID- 4042345
TI  - Calibration of direct ion-selective electrodes for plasma Na+ to allow for the
      influence of protein concentration.

PMID- 4042346
TI  - A case of barbital poisoning.

PMID- 4042347
TI  - Total protein concentrations determined for CAP urine survey specimens with
      Coomassie Brilliant Blue reagent are dilution dependent.

PMID- 4042348
TI  - Prognostic significance of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme in serum of patients with
      renal failure.

PMID- 4042349
TI  - Using filtrates of urine centrifuged through a microconcentrator membrane to
      distinguish false and true positives for protein by sulfosalicylic acid
      precipitation.

PMID- 4042350
TI  - Recurrent infections in sickle cell disease: haematological and immune studies.
AB  - Some haematological and immunological indices were compared in 19 children with
      sickle cell disease and a history of recurrent infections and in 16 children with
      sickle cell disease without any known infections. The recurrent infection group
      had significantly greater pitted red cell counts and greater absolute monocyte
      counts. No differences were apparent in routine haematological indices, foetal
      haemoglobin, immunoglobulin, or complement levels between the groups. The
      interpretation of these results is discussed.

PMID- 4042351
TI  - Lack of effect of increased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on flux through the oxidative
      pathway in phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency.
AB  - Erythrocyte enzyme and substrate levels in two subjects with phosphoglycerate
      kinase deficiency are reported. The effect of the increased 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate, which has been reported as an inhibitor of 6-phosphogluconate
      dehydrogenase, on the flux through the pentose phosphate pathway, was assessed.
      There was no significant difference in the flux through erythrocytes from one of
      the affected subjects and normal subjects in the presence and absence of
      methylene blue.

PMID- 4042353
TI  - Anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitation
      of nucleotides in human blood cells.
AB  - An anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is
      described for the quantitation of intracellular purine and pyrimidine
      nucleotides. With an ammonium phosphate salt and pH gradient, complete separation
      is achieved of all major nucleotides and several interfering substances, such as
      dehydroascorbic acid and NAD. For optimal resolution of the monophosphates,
      strict control of the equilibration pH is essential. To prevent interference by a
      degradation product of NADPH with the determination of GDP, the pH of the high
      ionic strength buffer has to be in the range of 4.9-5.0. The use of radially
      compressed, prepacked cartridges filled with Partisil-10 SAX appeared to be a
      fast and cheap alternative for expensive stainless-steel columns. The use of
      ammonium phosphate buffers, in combination with precolumns filled with pellicular
      silica and SAX resin, and interim EDTA washes prevents baseline shift. This
      allows analysis at 0.01 Absorbance Units Full Scale during the entire column
      lifetime (about 180 analyses), which is sufficiently sensitive for the
      quantitation of low levels of nucleotides, especially when the amount of sample
      is limited. The usefulness of the presented chromatographic system is
      demonstrated by the quantitation of the nucleotides in extracts of lymphocytes
      and neutrophils from the blood of healthy human donors. With this method
      nucleotide concentrations were measured, with a within-assay variation of 5-10%
      and an inter-donor variation of 10%.

PMID- 4042352
TI  - Accurate quantitation of native Gc in serum and estimation of endogenous Gc: G
      actin complexes by rocket immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - Complex formation between purified Gc and G-actin caused increased rocket height
      on immunoelectrophoresis with monospecific Gc antiserum, and artifactually high
      calculated Gc levels. The increase in rocket height varied in log: linear fashion
      with the amount of G-actin present, up to a plateau attained at equimolarity. The
      raw Gc values could therefore be corrected to within +/- 10% of known levels by
      addition of excess G-actin and use of standard plots obtained with Gc after
      saturation with G-actin. This also allowed quantitation of the percentage of Gc
      complexed with G-actin. In subsequent studies of whole human sera, comparison of
      normal controls with pregnant subjects and patients with liver disease showed
      evidence of differences both in absolute quantities of Gc and the relative
      proportion circulating as complex with G-actin. This appeared to be due to
      increased release of cellular actin into the extracellular space. These results
      show that rocket immunoelectrophoresis can be modified to provide accurate Gc
      levels, and also information concerning different molecular forms of this
      protein.

PMID- 4042354
TI  - Indices for the age of the creatine kinase M-chain in the blood.
AB  - The apparent activation energy of the CK reaction as well as the Michaelis-Menten
      constants and the isoelectric point of CK MM can be used as indices for the mean
      age of the CK M-chain in the blood in vivo and in vitro. Modifications in the CK
      M-chain take place in vivo in the blood and in vitro in a serum matrix. Gradual
      increases in the apparent activation energy are also observed both in vivo and in
      vitro. It is confirmed that the modification in the CK M-chain causes a rise in
      the apparent activation energy, mu. A gradual increase in apparent activation
      energy, due to the ageing process of the CK M-chain, was observed after
      myocardial infarction. A significantly increased value for u was observed at the
      time that total CK activity already had returned to reference values. In spite of
      the normal CK value, the apparent activation energy still indicated that there
      had been myocardial damage. The Michaelis-Menten constants for creatine phosphate
      and ADP are also influenced significantly by the modification in the M-chain.
      While the apparent activation energy increases, the Michaelis constants decrease
      in the order MM3, MM2, MM1. The Michaelis-Menten constants for both ADP and CrP
      can be used as an index for the mean age of the enzyme in the blood. The
      Michaelis-Menten constants for CrP and ADP show significant variations with the
      measuring temperature for virtually all CK MM forms.

PMID- 4042355
TI  - Variations in HDL and VLDL levels chronic alcoholics. Influence of the degree of
      liver damage and of withdrawal of alcohol.
AB  - Changes in plasma HDL and VLDL levels were investigated in 284 chronic alcoholics
      staying in a Detoxification Centre where they initiated or continued abstinence.
      The data show that the variations in plasma HDL are modulated by the degree of
      liver injury. In severe hepatic damage HDL levels are sharply decreased. An
      alcohol-induced rise in HDL can occur in the only subjects with no signs of
      hepatic insufficiency. This elevation is rapidly reversible after withdrawal of
      alcohol. Such a rise might reflect enhanced synthesis and release by liver but
      might also be due to an accelerated turnover of the VLDL.

PMID- 4042356
TI  - The value of combined determination of high molecular mass API and LP-X in the
      differential diagnosis of intrahepatic and extrahepatic obstruction.
AB  - Combined determination of serum lipoprotein-X and electrophoretic separation of
      high molecular mass (HMr) alkaline phosphatase has been proposed as a marker for
      the differential diagnosis between intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic
      obstructive jaundice. Of 32 patients who were known to be lipoprotein-X positive
      and in whom a definitive diagnosis had been made, 13 had intrahepatic cholestasis
      and 17 extrahepatic obstruction, and 2 had both intrahepatic and extrahepatic
      obstruction. The detection of HMr alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme proved to be a
      sensitive and specific test for detecting liver disease, particularly obstructive
      liver disease. The diagnostic significance of the combined determination of serum
      lipoprotein-X to demonstrate or exclude cholestasis and electrophoretic
      separation of HMr alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes to allow differentiation
      between intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic obstruction was investigated.

PMID- 4042357
TI  - Significance of vitamin A and retinol binding protein serum levels after burn
      injury.

PMID- 4042358
TI  - Stability of amino acids in human plasma.

PMID- 4042359
TI  - A rapid, simple and sensitive gas chromatographic micromethod for the
      quantitation of butyric acid and other short-chain fatty acids in serum.

PMID- 4042360
TI  - Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase: assay using high performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 4042361
TI  - Cell density affects prolidase and prolinase activity and intracellular amino
      acid levels in cultured human cells.
AB  - Prolidase (EC 3.4.13.9) and prolinase (EC 3.4.13.8) and intracellular amino acid
      levels in cultured human cells increased when cell density rose. Firstly, two
      normal fibroblast strains were continuously cultured for 21 days and these
      parameters were measured on days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 21 after plating.
      Prolidase, prolinase and amino acid levels varied considerably depending on the
      duration of culture and growth rate. Secondly, we studied the action of different
      cadmium and cobalt concentrations on prolidase activity. These two effectors
      altered this enzyme activity, but secondarily to modifying cell density. Thirdly,
      prolidase activity was investigated in 8 control amniotic cell strains, with a
      view to prenatal diagnosis of inherited prolidase deficiency, and we noted the
      same cell density interference. Due to the large variations related to cell
      density, we recommend specifying the number of cells per unit surface, and
      avoiding the term 'cells at confluency' which is unduly vague.

PMID- 4042362
TI  - Determination of copper in whole blood, plasma and serum using Zeeman effect
      atomic absorption spectroscopy.
AB  - Methods are presented for the determination of copper in whole blood, plasma and
      serum using Zeeman effect flame and furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Three
      flame measurement modes were compared: continuous aspiration, microsampling in
      the peak height mode and microsampling in the peak area mode. The
      microsampler/peak area method was the most satisfactory. The precision for the
      microsampler/peak area method was as follows: the within-run relative standard
      deviation (RSD) was 1.84% and 1.89% for whole blood specimens with copper
      concentrations of 983 micrograms/l and 974 micrograms/l, respectively. The within
      run RSD was 2.14, 1.66 and 0.87% for plasma specimens with concentrations of 990,
      1,467 and 1,963 micrograms/l, respectively. Within-run RSD was 6.64, 2.86 and
      1.15% for serum specimens with concentrations of 462, 984 and 2,056 micrograms/l,
      respectively. The average detection limit for the microsampler/peak area method
      was 10.3 micrograms/l. Concentrations could be read directly from standards
      prepared in human whole blood, plasma or serum pools or in a commercial control.

PMID- 4042363
TI  - Sensitive determination of urinary vanadium by solvent extraction and atomic
      absorption spectroscopy.

PMID- 4042364
TI  - Interference of labetalol metabolites in the determination of plasma
      catecholamines by HPLC with electrochemical detection.
AB  - The alpha and beta adrenoceptor blocking drug labetalol is a potent
      antihypertensive agent in widespread clinical use. Its interference in the
      classical chemical estimations of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites
      has been the subject of several reports. Factitiously raised values have been
      noted in both the fluorimetric catecholamine assay, and the standard
      spectrophotometric procedure for total (free and conjugated) metadrenalines. To
      avoid such drug interference, modification of these methods is required in the
      estimation of catecholamines and their o-methylated metabolites. Alternatively,
      VMA estimations or plasma/urinary catecholamine measurements by radioenzymatic
      assay may be used in patients on labetalol. Although high performance liquid
      chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) methods for
      estimation of plasma catecholamines are now in widespread use, the interference
      of labetalol in this method has not been reported. We now report that significant
      direct interference of labetalol in the HPLC-ECD assay does indeed occur, and can
      yield spuriously raised adrenaline levels.

PMID- 4042365
TI  - The quantification of human IgG subclasses in reference preparations.
AB  - Three laboratories took part in an investigation about the possibilities of
      quantitative determination of IgG subclasses. Polyclonal monospecific antisera
      were used in combination with different kinds of calibrators to assess the IgG
      subclass levels in three W.H.O. reference preparations. IgG 1 could be determined
      with satisfactory precision; for the other subclasses the quantification was less
      precise. The precision was dependent on the antisera for IgG 1, IgG 2 and IgG 4
      but mainly on the calibrators for IgG 3. Mass units are to be preferred to
      relative units. W.H.O. reference preparation 67/97 is proposed as a reference for
      determination of IgG subclasses in mass units. The target values are 5.0 g/l for
      IgG 1, 2.6 g/l for IgG 2, 0.4 g/l for IgG 3 and 0.5 g/l for IgG 4. These values
      add up to a total IgG value close to earlier W.H.O. estimates.

PMID- 4042366
TI  - Semi-micro method for the determination of cation flux rate constants in
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 4042367
TI  - The tubular maximum for calcium reabsorption: normal range and correction for
      sodium excretion.
AB  - Increased tubular reabsorption of calcium is one of the three variables which can
      contribute to the pathogenesis of hypercalcaemia. It is therefore important to
      establish the normal range for this variable in a manner which allows for its
      variation with the plasma calcium concentration. Graphic methods depicting the
      relationship between urinary calcium excretion and plasma calcium concentration
      are valid but cumbersome and imprecise. The notional tubular maximum for calcium
      reabsorption (TmCa) has therefore been calculated in 130 healthy young subjects
      and a normal range of 1.75-2.61 mmol/l of glomerular filtrate established. Owing
      to the dependence of urinary calcium on urinary sodium, TmCa was negatively
      related to sodium excretion. Because the latter was higher in the males than the
      females, mean TmCa was slightly (but not significantly) lower in our male than
      our female subjects. The normal range of TmCa, corrected to zero sodium
      excretion, is 1.98-2.76 mmol/l of glomerular filtrate. The TmCa was also
      calculated using plasma calcium values corrected for albumin concentration. The
      range of TmCa using both corrections is 1.98-2.71 mmol/l of glomerular filtrate.

PMID- 4042368
TI  - Comparison of enzymatic characteristics of creatine kinase BB from human healthy
      and tumor stomach tissues.
AB  - Creatine kinase (ATP: creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2, CK) BB isoenzyme
      from stomach tumor tissue was partially purified and its characteristics were
      compared with those from healthy tissue. Molecular mass of tumor CK-BB was
      estimated to be 82 000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Tumor CK-BB was
      separated into 2 main subbands around pH 4.5 and 11, minor subbands around pH 5
      7.5 by agarose isoelectric focusing. The isoenzyme reacted with anti-human brain
      CK-BB antibodies and formed a hybrid, CK-MB, with CK-MM prepared from healthy
      human skeletal muscle. The above physicochemical and immunological
      characteristics of tumor CK-BB were the same as those of normal CK-BB from normal
      stomach tissue. Optimum pH of tumor CK-BB was more acidic than that of normal CK
      BB. Affinity for creatine phosphate and heat sensitivity of tumor CK-BB were
      slightly lower than those of normal CK-BB. Tumor CK-BB was more stable after
      iodoacetamide and urea treatments.

PMID- 4042369
TI  - Salivary cortisol for the evaluation of Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - Cortisol concentrations were measured in matched plasma and salivary samples from
      8 healthy controls, 8 patients with Cushing's syndrome and 4 patients suspected
      of having spontaneous hypercortisolism. In healthy subjects, the circadian rhythm
      in salivary cortisol paralleled that in plasma. Absence of the diurnal rhythm in
      Cushing's syndrome was seen in saliva as well as in plasma. After ACTH
      stimulation, mean peak cortisol in saliva showed a 3-fold increase while in
      plasma there was a 2.5-fold increment above baseline. Cushing's syndrome, due to
      pituitary or adrenal adenoma was diagnosed equally well by measuring the cortisol
      response to cosyntropin in either plasma or saliva. Finally, the low- and high
      dose dexamethasone suppression test was reflected equally well in both plasma and
      saliva. In patients suspected of having Cushing's syndrome dynamic tests can be
      performed in both plasma and saliva. However, in some samples, the salivary
      cortisol measurement appears advantageous over plasma cortisol determination.

PMID- 4042370
TI  - The role of urea in albumin dimerisation in nephrotic urines.
AB  - Albumin dimerisation in nephrotic urine frozen to -20 degrees C occurs at low
      ionic strength in the presence of quite low concentrations of urea (greater than
      0.2 mol/l). Urea will also dimerize normal serum albumin under these conditions.
      The appearance of dimer in patients with a nephrotic syndrome treated with
      steroids is significantly correlated (p less than 0.001) with an increase in
      urinary urea concentration.

PMID- 4042371
TI  - Serum and interstitial fluid apolipoprotein E levels in the healthy and in
      hyperlipoproteinemia type III as studied by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - In order to study the relationships between serum lipoprotein lipid
      concentrations and the concentrations of apo E in serum and interstitial fluid,
      we have developed a specific, sensitive and rapid radioimmunoassay for this
      apolipoprotein. Studies of the interstitial fluid lipoproteins and of the
      gradient between the lipoprotein concentrations in interstitial fluid and serum
      may add to our understanding of the development of atherosclerosis and
      xanthomatosis. Serum, interstitial fluid, lipoproteins or standards were
      incubated with 125I-labelled apo E and rabbit antiserum against apo E for 90-120
      min at room temperature. The immune complexes were harvested with the use of
      formalin-treated staphylococci. The displacement curves produced by standard and
      samples of serum, interstitial fluid and isolated lipoproteins were linear in
      logit-log plots and had identical slopes. Delipidation did not change the results
      and the recovery of added apo E to a serum sample was 96 +/- 5% (n = 5). Apo E
      was found in all major lipoprotein classes and the concentrations of apo E in
      serum and in interstitial fluid were 36 +/- 19 mg/l and 8 +/- 4 mg/l,
      respectively, in normals (n = 21) and 305 +/- 125 mg/ml and 20 +/- 9 mg/l,
      respectively, in patients with HLP type III (n = 11). Highly significant positive
      correlations were found in HLP type III between the interstitial fluid level of
      apo E and the corresponding concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride.
      Interstitial fluid apo E concentrations were significantly correlated to apo E
      but not to the lipid levels in serum, indicating that only some subclasses of the
      serum lipoproteins are transported to the interstitial compartment.

PMID- 4042372
TI  - Colorimetric measurement of serum magnesium with an IL micro centrifugal
      analyzer.

PMID- 4042373
TI  - A quantitative IgE radioimmunoassay in dried blood spots suitable for neonatal
      screening of atopy.

PMID- 4042374
TI  - Serum bile acid composition in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Serum bile acid composition was examined in detail using capillary column gas
      chromatography and mass spectrometry in 10 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and
      4 healthy children. The mean total bile acid concentration in fasting serum of CF
      patients was 2.33 +/- 0.84 mumol/l, slightly lower than but not statistically
      significantly different from healthy controls (mean 2.86 +/- 0.98 mumol/l) and
      appeared to show no relationship to the degree of exocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency. Analysis of individual serum bile acids in these children showed
      that cholic acid represented less than 10% of the total bile acids.
      Chenodeoxycholic acid was the predominant serum bile acid; the mean concentration
      in CF patients was 0.98 +/- 0.51 mumol/l, lower than for the healthy controls
      (1.69 +/- 0.84 mumol/l). Concentrations of lithocholic acid, 3 beta-hydroxy-5
      cholenoic, ursodeoxycholic and 3 beta, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta
      cholanoic acids in fasting serum samples of the CF patients were not
      significantly different from the healthy control sera but were higher than those
      normally found in adults. Measurements of fecal bile acid excretion indicated an
      increased loss of primary bile acids in patients with CF consistent with an
      impairment of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids.

PMID- 4042375
TI  - Release patterns of CK-MB and mitochondrial CK following myocardial ischaemia.
AB  - Following myocardial damage as in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or open heart
      surgery, the tissue damage might result in a release of mitochondrial CK (CK
      MIT). The presence of this CK isoenzyme in serum may be detected after
      chromatographic separation of CK-activity on Sephacryl S-200. By combining
      chromatographic separation of CK-MB with immunologic inhibition of CK-M, both CK
      MB and CK-MIT can be estimated in serum. Using this procedure changes in enzyme
      activities were studied in ten patients with AMI and twelve patients subjected to
      open heart surgery using cardioplegia. Following AMI CK-MB peaked about 24 h
      after onset of ischaemic symptoms. CK-MIT increased similarly and reached a
      plateau after 24 h where it remained during an additional 24-36 h. At peak CK-MB
      concentration, the corresponding CK-MIT activity was about 22% of the CK-MB
      activity. Following cardiac surgery there was a rapid release of CK-MB with a
      peak about 5 h after release of aortic cross-clamping, and with a simultaneous CK
      MIT activity amounting to 19% of the CK-MB activity. In conclusion, CK-MIT is
      released into serum following myocardial ischaemia. Its appearance has time
      characteristics similar to that of other mitochondrial enzymes. The CK-B method
      does not specifically determine CK-B, but non-CK-M, which in cardiac ischaemia at
      peak serum CK-MB concentrations includes about 20% CK-MIT.

PMID- 4042376
TI  - Heterogeneity of 125I-labeled human thyroglobulin preparations.
AB  - This study was undertaken to evaluate the heterogeneity and stability of 125I
      labeled human thyroglobulin (Tg) tracers. Tg, labeled with 125I by either a
      Chloramine T (CT) or a Glucose Oxidase/Lactoperoxidase (GO) method, showed
      considerable heterogeneity of labeled components, the relative proportions of
      which were a function of the Tg preparation and the iodination method used. The
      four largest components had apparent molecular weights as follows: A = 1 200 000
      Da; B = 670 000 Da; C = 530 000 Da and D = 290 000 Da. Both B and C were
      immunoactive. B was considered to be 19S Tg. A non-specific binding difference,
      (NSB delta) between nonhuman matrices used for diluting standards and human sera
      was found for the partly immunoactive aggregate component A, (5-20%) and the
      nonimmunoactive component D, (20-50%), but was minimally present for components B
      and C (less than 5%). The [125I]19S Tg(B), stored at -70 degrees C, showed rapid
      spontaneous decomposition with time (50% lost by 8 days), with generation of C, D
      and iodide. The loss of B was related to specific activity and was least in GO
      labels. 125I labeling of Tg by GO produced tracers with better immunoactivity,
      stability and lower NSB delta than comparative CT tracers. Definitive
      purification and repurification of [125I]Tg tracers before use is necessary in
      order to remove degradation products with the potential to compromise the
      accuracy and specificity of serum Tg radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurement.

PMID- 4042377
TI  - Erythrocyte malondialdehyde release in vitro: a functional measure of vitamin E
      status.
AB  - The definition for a sufficient vitamin E level has often been based on
      population studies that established the normal range of values for fasting plasma
      or serum vitamin E and more recently for vitamin E to total lipid ratios. These
      endpoints for vitamin E replacement strategies may not be readily achievable,
      particularly in the cholestatic patient for whom it is often impossible to reach
      and sustain normal levels even with massive doses of vitamin E. Vitamin E is
      believed to function as an antioxidant in vivo protecting membranes from lipid
      peroxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of polyunsaturated fat
      peroxidation, was measured as the thiobarbiturate derivative in the supernatant
      following incubation of erythrocytes in hydrogen peroxide. The two different
      incubation conditions described here and the subsequent measurement of MDA appear
      to provide a sensitive functional assessment of vitamin E status. The clinical
      utility of this assay, which requires just 1.5 to 2.0 ml of whole blood, was
      demonstrated by comparing the percent of total MDA released from individuals
      regarded as vitamin E sufficient by conventional methods with vitamin E deficient
      subjects. The release of MDA from erythrocytes from vitamin E deficient subjects
      was clearly greater (44.1 +/- 18.8% vs 2.0 +/- 1.8%) than for control subjects (p
      less than 0.001).

PMID- 4042379
TI  - Basal level of human growth hormone (hGH) in normal serum.

PMID- 4042378
TI  - Direct automated assay method for serum or urine levels of ketone bodies.

PMID- 4042380
TI  - A simple method for quantitative determination of lipoprotein-X (LP-X) in human
      serum.

PMID- 4042381
TI  - Hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia: epilepsy or sleep disorder? A case report.
AB  - A patient was studied who every night experienced several attacks characterized
      by loud screaming, violent movements of limbs and trunk, and a tonic phase. No
      epileptiform activity was noted preceding or following these attacks. Prolonged
      EEG and videotape recordings before and after sleep deprivation, along with
      neuropsychological and pharmacological data, support the hypothesis of a seizure
      disorder involving the left temporal region. Nocturnal attacks completely
      disappeared with carbamazepine. This therapeutic effect was still present after
      six months of treatment. Sleep organization was also greatly influenced by this
      medication. The most striking change was the marked and sustained increase of
      stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep after treatment.

PMID- 4042382
TI  - Pattern-reversal visual evoked potential in a case of nitrous oxide abuse and
      recovery.
AB  - Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials were recorded in a dentist who had
      abused nitrous oxide while he showed neurologic impairment and during recovery.
      The latency of the major positive peak (P100) remained constant during both
      phases. However, the amplitude of this peak was markedly reduced during the stage
      of neurologic involvement, and increased during recovery after withdrawal. The
      clinical significance of this is discussed.

PMID- 4042383
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials following stimulation of the tibial, peroneal and
      sural nerves using four different montages.
AB  - Cortical and lumbar somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded
      following unilateral stimulation of the tibial, peroneal and sural nerves in 20
      normal adults. The active cortical electrode (Cz) was referred to either a
      cephalic (mid-forehead, contralateral central scalp, linked ears) or a non
      cephalic (contralateral shoulder) site. The configuration of the short-latency
      cortical SEP waveforms was nearly identical irrespective of the nerve stimulated
      or the location of the reference. Central conduction times (CCTs) were also
      calculated by subtracting the peak latency of the lumbar SEP from that of the
      primary cortical response following stimulation of the tibial and peroneal
      nerves. A stronger relationship was consistently observed between the absolute
      cortical latency and height than between CCT and height. The potential clinical
      applications of the results are discussed.

PMID- 4042384
TI  - An assessment of the variability of early scalp-components of the somatosensory
      evoked response in uncomplicated, unshunted carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - Although many publications deal with the usefulness of the SER in CEAs, the
      criteria of calling a SER abnormal during a CEA are largely arbitrary. One way to
      define the limits of normalcy for SERs during the CEA will be to analyze the SER
      tracings obtained during unshunted and uncomplicated (intra- and postoperative)
      CEAs. In 23 such CEAs (10 right, 13 left; clamptime 10-23 mins.), data analysis
      at the ipsilateral parietal electrode, on stimulation of the contralateral median
      nerve (square pulse -5.1/sec, 10-30 V, 200 microseconds; bandpass-30-3000 Hz
      trials-500 stimuli), revealed that (1) latency fluctuations of the N20 (21.4
      msec) were narrowest, being less than 1.5 msec different during and after
      clamping compared to the preclamp latency in all 23 CEAs, whereas those of P25
      (27.4 msec) and N35 (38.5 msec) were greater than 2.0 msec different from the
      preclamp latency in 3 and 8 CEAs respectively, and (2) the amplitudes of N20, P25
      and N35 measured from the preceding peak of opposite polarity, fell to less than
      75% of the preclamp value on 3, 4 and 7 CEAs respectively. It is concluded that
      N20 was the most stable of the first three short-latency components in the SER
      and should perhaps be most relied upon to predict abnormality of the SER during
      CEAs.

PMID- 4042385
TI  - Ambulatory EEG: a community hospital prospective study with analysis of patient
      outcome.

PMID- 4042386
TI  - Saline activation of pseudoepileptic seizures: clinical EEG and neuropsychiatric
      observations.
AB  - Twenty patients with suspected pseudoseizures underwent saline infusion during
      prolonged sleep deprived EEG with video monitoring and nasopharyngeal electrodes.
      No patients had definite clinical evidence of epilepsy, but 35% had abnormal
      EEGs, 10% with epileptiform activity. Patients with epileptiform discharges did
      not experience pseudoseizures with saline infusion. Patients with generalized EEG
      slowing responded to saline infusion with characteristic seizures. Three groups
      of patients were differentiated. Eight patients had characteristic attacks with
      saline infusion, and in these patients females predominated, mean age was lower,
      and somatoform disorder was common. Six patients each either failed to respond to
      saline or had episodes different from their characteristic spells. These patients
      were more often male and more often had diagnoses of personality disorders. The
      findings suggest that, although saline infusion may identify pseudoseizures and
      confirm their non-epileptic nature, some patients may not be sufficiently
      suggestible to respond to saline infusion, while others may have non-epileptic
      attacks which are different from the spells under evaluation. Psychiatric and
      neuropsychological features suggestive of pseudoseizures may be more readily
      identified by psychiatric interview or psychometric testing. Ethical issues
      regarding saline infusion in the guise of a potent convulsant should also be
      considered.

PMID- 4042387
TI  - Relationship between serum sodium and blood pressure in morbid obesity.
AB  - We evaluated the relationship between blood pressure and serum sodium level in
      morbidly obese patients. Forty patients had at least 2-3 blood pressure
      measurements and two measurements of serum sodium. The correlation between serum
      sodium and systolic blood pressure was 0.66 (p less than 0.01). The correlation
      between diastolic pressure and serum sodium was 0.40 (p less than 0.025). Our
      observation linking serum sodium to blood pressure provides a lead to study
      mechanisms common to regulation of blood sodium and blood pressure in morbid
      obesity.

PMID- 4042388
TI  - Lack of effects of maternal salt intake on blood pressure of offspring in Dahl
      salt-sensitive rats.
AB  - Inbred Dahl salt sensitive (S/JR) and salt resistant (R/JR) rats were used to
      look for effects of varying maternal intake of salt (NaCl) on the blood pressure
      of the offspring. Neither the blood pressure at weaning nor the blood pressure
      response to postweaning high salt diet of S/JR or R/JR rat pups was affected
      whether their mothers had eaten high salt (8% NaCl) or low salt (0.15% NaCl) diet
      during gestation. Similarly, maternal salt intake during lactation had no effect
      on the blood pressure of the offspring at weaning or the blood pressure response
      to salt feeding after weaning. Na+ was higher and K+ was lower in milk of S/JR
      compared to R/JR mothers during the last half of the lactation period, but
      dietary salt intake did not influence milk Na+ or K+. Previous cross-fostering
      experiments show that this strain difference in milk electrolytes does not
      influence S pups blood pressure. It is concluded that neither maternal salt
      intake nor the existing changes in milk Na+ have any influence on the blood
      pressure of Dahl salt sensitive rat pups in contrast to the marked effects of
      salt intake in these rats after weaning.

PMID- 4042389
TI  - Decreased core-to-skin heat transfer in mild essential hypertensives exercising
      in the heat.
AB  - In previous reports (1,2) we examined the physiological responses of normotensive
      and essentially hypertensive men to steady state leg exercise (at 40% V02max) in
      a warm (38 degrees C dry-bulb, 28 degrees C wet-bulb) environment. Those results
      are reviewed. Additionally, in this paper we report relative core-to-skin heat
      transfer (HT) characteristics of these two groups, matched for age, aerobic
      fitness, and body composition, but differing in resting blood pressure. Forearm
      skin blood flow (as measured from changes in total forearm blood flow) was
      relatively reduced in the hypertensives. This resulted in a similar (but slightly
      compensated) reduction in HT, e.g., at minute 30, the hypertensives had 81% less
      skin blood flow and 56% less HT than their normotensive counterparts. This
      finding has important implications for unmedicated mild hypertensives exercising
      or working in hot environments.

PMID- 4042390
TI  - Slow-release nifedipine as a single or additional agent in the treatment of
      essential hypertension--a placebo-controlled crossover study.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of a new slow-release formulation of nifedipine ("Adalat
      Retard") were assessed in a double-blind cross-over trial in 19 subjects with
      essential hypertension (14 male, 5 female--ages: 34-72 years), 14 of whom
      continued previous antihypertensive medication. There were two 6 week treatment
      phases in which nifedipine 20 mg twice daily and placebo tablets twice daily were
      administered in random order. Supine mean blood pressure was 115 +/- 2 mm Hg
      during the placebo phase and 105 +/- 2 mm Hg during the nifedipine phase (p less
      than 0.001); and standing mean blood pressure was 121 +/- 2 mm Hg after placebo
      and 110 +/- 2 mm Hg after nifedipine (p less than 0.001). The magnitude of the
      blood pressure difference between the two phases was not related either to age or
      to the placebo phase blood pressure. The hypotensive effect of nifedipine was
      observed when administered as a single agent or in combination with diuretic
      and/or beta blocker. Heart rate was increased after nifedipine--75 +/- 2
      beats/minute compared with 71 +/- 2 beats/minute after placebo (p less than
      0.01). In this dose nifedipine (as "Adalat Retard") is an effective hypotensive
      agent which is a useful addition to presently available therapy.

PMID- 4042391
TI  - Heterogeneity of Kallmann's syndrome.
AB  - Kallmann's syndrome is a rare condition defined as a combination of
      hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. The present study shows two
      genealogical tables. In the first family six male members in four generations had
      Kallmann's syndrome. All carrier females seemed to have normal fertility and
      normal olfactory function. X-linked recessive or - less probable - dominant sex
      linked inheritance was considered to be most probable. Renal malformation was
      discovered in one and was excluded in two affected members. In the second family
      only one affected female was discovered. She had a monozygotic twin sister with
      normal pubertal development, but also total anosmia. Four individuals with
      anosmia alone were found in this family, but no further cases of hypogonadism.
      The possibility of an acquired hypothalamic insufficiency on the basis of
      hereditary anosmia is discussed.

PMID- 4042392
TI  - Partial trisomy 12q: clinical and cytogenetic observations.
AB  - High resolution chromosome banding showed a male infant with profound mental
      retardation, hypertonia and multiple congenital anomalies to have the karyotype
      46,XY,-der (2),t(2;12)(q37.3;q24.13)pat. Most of the clinical findings were
      compatible with those of the previously described cases with partial trisomy 12q.
      Some of the clinical features seem to disappear with increasing age.

PMID- 4042393
TI  - Partial trisomy 5q and partial monosomy 5q within the same family.
AB  - The observation of partial trisomy for 5q31-5qter and partial monosomy for the
      same segment in two offspring within the same family is presented. Their normal
      mother was a balanced carrier of a reciprocal translocation 46,XX,t(5;10)
      (q31.3;q26). The trisomic female had craniofacial dysplasia, a short neck,
      clinodactyly of the 5th fingers, a small umbilical hernia, arhinencephalia,
      cerebellar hypoplasia, atrial septal defect, an accessory spleen, bifid uterus
      and vagina, hypoplastic ovaries. Potter syndrome with cystic dysplasia of the
      left kidney and agenesis of the right, urethral atresia, uterus unicornus with
      utero-urethral fistula, true hermaphroditism with two ovaries and one testicle
      were found in her stillborn sister. Analysis of the manifestations of monosomy 5q
      and trisomy 5q in the same family supports a well known fact that the effects of
      deletions are more pronounced than those of duplications for the same segments.

PMID- 4042394
TI  - EEC syndrome without ectrodactyly? Report of 8 cases.
AB  - Eight cases are presented from two families with a variable manifestation of the
      EEC syndrome. In the first family only one of three affected persons suffers from
      limb defects. In the second family all five affected have a different pattern of
      symptoms and only two of them show limb defects. The described families as well
      as at least one literature report confirm that ectrodactyly is not an obligate
      symptom of the EEC syndrome.

PMID- 4042395
TI  - Expression of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in six males and in
      their mothers.
AB  - Six male patients with confirmed X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and
      their mothers were studied to determine the variation of expressivity in patients
      and heterozygotes, major problems of the patients, and to find a clue to
      pathogenesis. The number of teeth, conic in shape, in patients varied from none
      to 14. In addition to hypohidrosis and hypotrichosis, dry skin, reduced
      salivation, hoarseness and hypoplasia of the nipples were common signs. Five
      patients had frequent respiratory infections. The mothers lacked more than four
      permanent teeth, one mother had hypodontia in the deciduous dentition. The sweat
      pore counts were low in patients, and lower than normal in the mothers. All
      patients carried beta-hemolytic streptococci, four of them group A either in nose
      or pharynx, without symptoms. Immunoglobulin values, including IgA were normal in
      serum and saliva. Unexpectedly, serum parathyroid hormone concentrations both in
      patients and mothers were low. The major problem of the families was the risk of
      hyperpyrexia due to hypohidrosis, but the patients' concern was mostly because of
      their facial appearance.

PMID- 4042396
TI  - Heritable fragility at 11q13 and 12q13.
AB  - The chromosomes of two mentally retarded probands were investigated because they
      were suspected of having the fragile X syndrome. However two other fragilities
      were detected. In one patient a fra(11)(q13) was found and in the other a
      fra(12)(q13). Family studies revealed that both fragile sites were real heritable
      ones. Besides these two heritable fragile sites, the common fragile site at 3p14
      was frequently observed. The effects of BUdR, FUdR and methotrexate on the
      frequency of the three fragilities were studied. The two heritable fragile sites
      differed from the common fragile site at 3p14 with respect to their inducibility
      by FUdR and methotrexate.

PMID- 4042397
TI  - Duchenne-like muscular dystrophy in two sisters with normal karyotypes: evidence
      for autosomal recessive inheritance.
AB  - Two sisters, products of a consanguineous marriage (with a total of 12 children)
      showed muscle weakness at ages 7 and 6 yrs, respectively. The symptoms progressed
      rapidly and the patients were confined to wheelchairs at ages of 12 and 11 yrs,
      respectively. They had mild facial weakness and pseudohypertrophy of the calves,
      but neither cardiomyopathy nor mental retardation. Serum CK activities exceeded
      upper normal limit by 70 to 85-fold. Muscle biopsies were compatible with
      muscular dystrophy. Both girls had a normal karyotype. The healthy mother had
      mild CK elevations in two out of three occasions, but the muscle biopsy was
      normal. Three out of the six unaffected sibs had mild CK elevations. The findings
      support the concept of severe progressive muscular dystrophy with autosomal
      recessive inheritance. The condition is clinically indistinguishable from
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 4042398
TI  - Cornelia de Lange syndrome in a mother and daughter.
AB  - The Cornelia de Lange syndrome was first described in 1933. Since then, more than
      250 cases have been described in the medical literature. It has generally been
      considered to be sporadic, but several authors have raised the possibility of
      genetic factors. We present a mother and child affected with Cornelia de Lange
      syndrome and raise the possibility of autosomal dominant inheritance.

PMID- 4042399
TI  - An unusual variant chromosome 9 with an extra C-negative, G-dark segment in the
      short arm.
AB  - An unusual variant chromosome 9 is described in a mother and a daughter: an extra
      G-dark, C-negative and G-11 negative chromosomal segment is present in the short
      arm in the absence of apparent phenotypic effects. This extra material is also Ag
      As negative and exhibits a fluorescence similar in intensity to that of band 9q21
      when stained by QFQ and DAPI/AMD, and to that of band 9p13 in RBA-banded
      preparations; it is slightly less fluorescent when R-banded by chromomycin A3.
      The possibility of an association with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion
      is presented.

PMID- 4042401
TI  - About diploid-tetraploid mosaicism.

PMID- 4042400
TI  - A complex structural rearrangement of chromosome 4 in a woman without phenotypic
      features of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome.
AB  - A 32-year-old mentally retarded woman was found to have a complex rearrangement
      of one chromosome 4. Her karyotype is interpreted as 46,XX,inv(4) (pter---
      p14::q12----p14::q12----qter) del (4) (pter----15.33::p15.2----qter). Clinically
      she does not show the features of the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Her phenotype and
      cytogenetic findings are compared with 2 other reported cases of 4p-without Wolf
      Hirschhorn syndrome.

PMID- 4042403
TI  - Imaging techniques in muscular dystrophies.

PMID- 4042402
TI  - 46,X,i(Xq) karyotype in a patient with hypoplastic left heart.

PMID- 4042404
TI  - Prenatal testing and twinning.

PMID- 4042405
TI  - Frequency of fragile X chromosome in normal females.
AB  - Because of the ambiguities in diagnosing carriers of the fragile X syndrome, we
      studied thirty-six normal females to determine whether the fragile site at Xq27
      can be seen in noncarrier females and at what frequency. A fragile site at Xq27
      was identified in one out of thirty-six females, occurring at a frequency of 0.5%
      in her peripheral lymphocytes. We conclude that the fragile Xq27 site occurs only
      rarely in noncarrier females and that each laboratory should determine its own
      baseline frequencies of fragile X in order to most accurately distinguish between
      normal and carrier women.

PMID- 4042406
TI  - The Dowling Oration 1984. Device and rule.

PMID- 4042407
TI  - The bergapten content of garden parsley and its significance in causing cutaneous
      photosensitization.

PMID- 4042408
TI  - Acanthosis nigricans in monozygotic twins with post receptor defects causing
      insulin resistance.

PMID- 4042409
TI  - Short contact crude coal tar therapy for psoriasis.

PMID- 4042410
TI  - Sarcoidosis of the vulva.

PMID- 4042411
TI  - Elastosis perforans serpiginosa and pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like skin change due
      to D-penicillamine.

PMID- 4042412
TI  - Pseudomilia--widespread cutaneous calculi.

PMID- 4042413
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 4042414
TI  - Urticaria from paracetamol.

PMID- 4042415
TI  - Simultaneous turnover of normal and dysfunctional C1 inhibitor as a probe of in
      vivo activation of C1 and contact activatable proteases.
AB  - Simultaneous turnover of normal and dysfunctional C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) was
      carried out in 10 normal subjects and 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis as a
      measure of the in vivo activation of C1 and the contact activatable enzymes. In
      the first series of experiments, dysfunctional protein We was used in
      simultaneous turnover studies in five normal subjects and nine patients. The
      fractional catabolic rate of the dysfunctional C1-INH, We, (FCR(d)) was unchanged
      in both groups but the fractional catabolic rate of the normal C1-INH (FCR(n))
      was faster in the patients compared to the controls, in particular patients with
      vasculitis. The enzyme-dependent catabolism defined as FCR(n-d) X concentration
      of C1-INH X plasma volume, was raised in the patient group, and correlated with
      disease activity score (r = 0.83, P less than 0.05). Neither FCR(n) nor FCR(d)
      was dependent on C1-INH concentration. The latter was higher in the patients (206
      mg/l compared with 155 mg/l) indicating a very high synthetic rate in the
      patients (280.81 micrograms/kg/h compared with 179.77 micrograms/kg). In the
      second series of turnovers in six patients and five normal subjects, another
      dysfunctional C1-INH, at, was used. The FCR of C1-INH was slower than C1-INH (We)
      (1.88%/h compared with 2.7%/h). Enzyme-dependent catabolism of C1-INH in these
      patients were raised and also correlated with disease activity score (r = 0.82, P
      less than 0.05).

PMID- 4042416
TI  - Successful tumour immunotherapy: possible role of antibodies to anti-inflammatory
      factors produced by neoplasms.
AB  - Phenol-saline tumour extracts, active in the immunotherapy of bovine ocular
      squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC), were used to immunize mice. The immunized mice
      became resistant to the depression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)
      reactions by products of BOSCC cells or cultured mouse or rat tumour cells. They
      also showed partial resistance to the growth of an unrelated tumour. Monoclonal
      antibodies to a type C retrovirus protein, p15E, also induced resistance to the
      depression of DTH by products of BOSCC and mouse tumours. It is suggested that
      successful immunotherapy of BOSCC is associated with the induction of resistance
      to anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive tumour cell products, allowing the
      operation of host defences, and that these products share antigenic determinants
      with a retrovirus protein.

PMID- 4042417
TI  - Effect of human colostrum and infant formula on the phagocytic activity of
      macrophages. I. Resident and stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Phagocytosis and degradation of radiolabelled human transferrin-anti-transferrin
      immune complexes by resident and stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages was
      inhibited by liquid infant formula, particularly in the case of resident cells.
      Mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to infant formula were shown by
      immunofluorescence to bind casein and beta-lactoglobulin, but there was little
      binding of alpha-lactalbumin. Comparison of various artificial milks, cow's milk
      and purified casein indicated that both the concentration and the degree of
      denaturation of casein may be important in the impairment of macrophage function
      by milk. It is suggested that bottle feeding of infants might result in
      impairment of macrophage function in the small intestine.

PMID- 4042418
TI  - MRL mice show an age-related impairment of IgG aggregate removal from the
      circulation.
AB  - The fate of heat-aggregated human IgG (HAGG) was examined in young and old
      autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr and MRL-+/+ mice and compared to BALB/c mice of different
      ages. Following iv injection of [125I] HAGG the older MRL-lpr/lpr and MRL-+/+
      mice showed impaired hepatic and splenic uptake of this material. In addition the
      clearance rate of HAGG was significantly slower in the older MRL-lpr/lpr mice
      (t1/2 = 50 min) when compared to younger controls (t1/2 = 13 min) although this
      age-related retardation of clearance was not observed in the MRL-+/+ mice. No
      difference was seen in the clearance rate or organ uptake studies of the two age
      groups of BALB/c mice. Catabolic studies using trichloracetic acid suggested that
      the HAGG was catabolized to smaller fragments with time but not to such a great
      extent in the older diseased animals, again no age-related difference was seen in
      the BALB/c mice. Our studies suggest that with age both autoimmune strains of MRL
      mice show some saturation of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) and that
      this process is more obvious in the MRL-lpr/lpr mice. MPS saturation may play a
      role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease in these mice.

PMID- 4042419
TI  - Immune function and survival in pleural mesothelioma.

PMID- 4042420
TI  - Report of the British Society for Immunology Working Party on Clinical
      Immunology: 1984. Guidelines for training the physician immunologist.

PMID- 4042421
TI  - Interference of hepatitis B virus surface antigen with natural killer cell
      function.
AB  - The influence of purified hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) preparations
      or of supernatants derived from PLC/PRF/5 cell line (which produces HBsAg) on
      human natural killer (NK) activity was examined. Lymphocytes pre-incubated with
      HBsAg and subsequently washed showed a significant decrease in NK cytotoxicity
      against K-562 target cells. This effect was reversible and dose-dependent. In
      addition, pre-incubation with either HBsAg or PLC/PRF/5 supernatants inhibited in
      a reversible manner lymphocyte--K-562 conjugates and the binding of B73.1
      monoclonal antibody (MoAb), which recognizes Fc receptors on NK cells. This
      effect was not observed with HNK-1, T3, T4, T6, T8 and T11 MoAb. HBsAg was non
      toxic to lymphocytes, and ineffective with K-562 target cells. Beta-interferon
      did not modify HBsAg-mediated inhibition, when added either before or during the
      contact with HBsAg. Moreover, no modification was observed when neutrophils (at
      various neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios) were added, even though HBsAg is known to
      stimulate neutrophils to produce oxygen radicals which may modulate NK activity.
      We speculate that HBsAg produces these effects by reacting into receptor sites
      (possibly Fc receptor sites) on NK cell membrane. The overall significance of our
      results in relation to hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma is discussed.

PMID- 4042422
TI  - Surface markers and cytotoxic activity of blood natural killer cells studied at
      the single cell level in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Purified peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from nine untreated patients with
      Hodgkin's disease (HD), two HD patients in complete remission and 17 healthy
      donors were studied for natural killer (NK) cell activity against the K-562 cell
      line using a single cell cytotoxic assay, which allowed enumeration of effector
      cells and characterization of their surface membrane phenotypes after staining
      with monoclonal antibodies. The frequency of NK cells was significantly lower in
      HD patients than in controls (mean % +/- s.d., 1.9 +/- 0.9 and 2.8 +/- 1.2,
      respectively), while the fraction of target binding cells was similar in the two
      groups. The fraction of cytotoxic lymphocytes increased after pre-treatment of
      PBL with 500 iu leucocyte interferon in all tested control donors (n = 12) and
      the two patients in remission but only in four of seven untreated patients. No
      relation between the impaired NK cell frequency and age, tumour histology and
      clinical stage could be revealed. Subtyping of the target cell binding NK cells
      by monoclonal antibodies disclosed a marked heterogeneity of effector cells. NK
      effector cells reactive with M1 and anti-Ia antibodies were enriched while T3+
      and T4+ NK lymphocytes tended to be reduced as compared to PBL. There was no
      difference between patients and healthy donors with regard to the surface antigen
      patterns of NK cells. Interferon treatment did not alter significantly the
      phenotypic characteristics of cytotoxic lymphocytes in patients and controls. It
      is concluded that the impairment of NK cell activity in HD is partly attributed
      to a lower frequency of cytotoxic effector cells among a normal number of target
      binding cells. The defect could not be attributed to a selective defect of
      effector cell subsets.

PMID- 4042423
TI  - Susceptibility and amplification of sensitivity in contact dermatitis.
AB  - We have examined the hypothesis that people who develop contact allergies to
      environmental substances do so because they have heightened susceptibility.
      Analysis of data from 2200 consecutive patients tested with the 20 commonest
      antigens in a patch-test clinic showed that more people developed multiple
      contact allergies than would be predicted from the frequency of single allergies;
      the excess was too great to be explained by chance and increased with number and
      rarity of the combinations of sensitizers. The possibility that this was due to
      enhanced individual susceptibility to sensitization rather than concomitant
      exposure to several sensitizers was confirmed by showing that patients with
      multiple allergies are more readily sensitized experimentally, and to a greater
      degree than normal, by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), an unrelated antigen. The
      defect involves induction rather than expression of sensitivity. Amplification of
      the response to DNCB is proportional to susceptibility (calculated from the ratio
      of observed prevalence of multiple allergies to that predicted from the
      prevalence of single allergies) throughout the range from normal subjects,
      through those with a single sensitivity, to those with rare, multiple allergies.
      Therefore, we conclude that individual susceptibility is an important factor in
      the development of contact dermatitis, and occurs by a non-antigen-specific
      amplification of immune sensitization.

PMID- 4042424
TI  - Thyroid function in mice with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.
AB  - Mice of strains high and low responders to thyroglobulin were immunized with
      mouse thyroglobulin emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. Groups of mice were
      killed at weekly intervals and the serum thyroxine concentration was measured
      with a solid-phase RIA while the titre of thyroglobulin antibodies was determined
      by passive haemagglutination and the magnitude of thyroid infiltration with
      mononuclear cells was scored. In other groups of mice, similarly immunized,
      radioactive iodine uptake was measured at various times after immunization. In
      almost all mice the lowest level of thyroxine and the lowest radioiodine uptake
      were observed 2 weeks after immunization. There was no clear relationship between
      the thyroid function and the titre of thyroglobulin antibodies or the extent of
      the cellular infiltrates in the thyroid.

PMID- 4042425
TI  - Serum from patients with pernicious anaemia blocks gastrin stimulation of acid
      secretion by parietal cells.
AB  - We examined 51 sera from patients with pernicious anaemia for their capacity to
      block maximal gastrin stimulation of acid secretion by isolated rodent gastric
      parietal cells. 14C-aminopyrine accumulation was used as the index of acid
      secretion in vitro. Sera from patients with pernicious anaemia gave significantly
      (P less than 0.005) more block of maximal gastrin stimulation of acid secretion
      (61.7 +/- 37.8%) than sera from 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (19.6 +/- 17.7%), 10 with scleroderma (34.2 +/- 22.3%), five with rheumatoid
      arthritis (22.4 +/- 15.6%) or 30 from healthy persons (27.4 +/- 12.8%). Maximal
      histamine stimulation of acid secretion was not inhibited. The blocking factor
      was present in serum IgG fractions, and serum and IgG fractions gave parallel
      dose-response and dilution curves. The serum block was abolished by absorption
      with gastric mucosal cells and correlated with the presence of parietal cell
      surface autoantibody. We conclude that serum immunoglobulin in pernicious anaemia
      can block gastrin stimulation of acid secretion and suggest that this block may
      be mediated by competition with gastrin for surface receptors on parietal cells.

PMID- 4042426
TI  - Inappropriate responses to Mycobacterium leprae infections--C reactive protein in
      man and serum amyloid P in mice.
AB  - In a study of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the sera of 77 patients with
      leprosy, it was found that in the majority of newly diagnosed patients, the level
      was within the normal range for a healthy Malaysian population. Elevated levels
      did occur, but were usually found in patients with complications, and were more
      likely to occur in patients who had been receiving drug treatment for some time.
      This suggested that Mycobacterium leprae infection by itself does not stimulate
      CRP synthesis and could reflect a failure of synthesis by macrophages of
      interleukin-1, or related molecules. This was supported by the study of an
      analogous acute phase protein, serum amyloid P (SAP) in mice bearing M. leprae
      from human sources in their hind footpads. Such mice showed no significant
      difference in SAP levels from control mice.

PMID- 4042427
TI  - Suppression of collagen type II-induced arthritis by transfer of lymphoid cells
      from rats immunized with collagen.
AB  - Rats were immunized with type II collagen to induce polyarthritis. Spleen and
      lymph node cells were taken at various times and transferred to normal syngeneic
      animals. Disease was not observed in recipients of cells taken from donors either
      during the pre-clinical phase or the acute clinical phase of the disease.
      However, arthritis could not be induced in the recipient animals that had
      received cells taken from donors during the preclinical phase. Animals receiving
      cells from donors with clinical disease appeared to have a normal susceptibility
      to disease induced subsequently. In contrast with the differences in their
      susceptibility to induced disease, all recipient animals made unmodified antibody
      responses to a challenging injection of type II collagen. The results showed that
      before the appearance of clinical disease in CII immunized rats, there were cells
      in the spleen and lymph nodes that inhibit the development of disease but not
      antibody responses.

PMID- 4042428
TI  - Platelet involvement in the nephritis of acute serum sickness in rabbits:
      protection by dipyridamole and FUT-175.
AB  - In the acute serum sickness model in rabbits, we investigated platelet release of
      5-HT, platelet surface immunoglobulins, and platelet aggregation in response to
      ADP, together with the effect of dipyridamole and the Clr antagonist FUT-175. The
      immune release of 5-HT from platelets occurred between 4 and 6 days after
      injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA), before immune elimination and
      proteinuria, but coincident with the appearance of immune complexed BSA in the
      circulation. Nevertheless, platelet turnovers were not detectably accelerated.
      Treatment with dipyridamole 50 mg/kg/24 h prevented the release of 5-HT and
      inhibited proteinuria, glomerular hypercellularity and immune complexes in the
      glomeruli. Using the Clr antagonist FUT-175, similar abrogation of the disease
      was obtained. We conclude that in the nephritis of acute serum sickness in
      rabbits, some of the immune release from platelets may be the result of immune
      complex binding to the platelet, perhaps through the receptor for C3b.

PMID- 4042430
TI  - IgG (Gm) allotypes and multiple sclerosis in a French population: phenotype
      distribution and quantitative abnormalities in CSF with respect to sex, disease
      severity, and presence of intrathecal antibodies.
AB  - The association of a given Gm allotype or phenotype with MS susceptibility, as
      previously described in some Caucasian populations, was not observed in a large
      French MS group, whether or not considering the possible influence of sex or
      disease severity. This result could be related to variations in geographical
      distribution of Gm alleles and MS susceptibility gene(s) or suggests the
      simultaneous involvement of Gm and other genetic system(s). In contrast, the
      corresponding CSFs exhibited already known MS-associated abnormalities of IgG1
      (G1m) allotype contents, which therefore did not merely result from a Gm
      associated MS susceptibility. These quantitative abnormalities were not sex
      dependent, but may fluctuate with MS severity. The G1m allotype levels in each
      CSF were not correlated with titers of various intrathecal antibodies but with
      the number of antibody specificities detected, a picture arguing for a
      polyclonal, non-antigen-specific activation of G1m allotype-producing B cells
      present in MS brain.

PMID- 4042429
TI  - Antigenic analysis of immune complexes formed in normal human pregnancy.
AB  - Immune complexes, isolated from pregnancy sera by absorption to immobilized
      protein A, were dissociated and the antigen components separated from the IgG
      antibodies, which possessed immune reactivity directed against the plasma
      membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta. Gel filtration studies
      demonstrated that five separate antigens could be identified and were of
      placental origin, as observed by their reactivity in an ELISA with affinity
      purified anti-trophoblast antibodies isolated from maternal sera. The five
      antigens of apparent mol. wt 2 X 10(6), 400,000, 150,000, 13,000 and less than
      10,000 daltons were designated maternally recognised trophoblast antigens (MRTA),
      numbers V-IX; the relative proportions of these antigens in the sera were 14%,
      68%, 16%, 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Immune complexes were also identified in
      nulliparous non-pregnant female sera and consisted of the 150,000 and the less
      than 10,000 daltons antigen components. The relationship between the MRTA present
      in the immune complexes and the MRTA (numbers I-IV) previously identified as
      components of the trophoblast plasma membrane is discussed.

PMID- 4042431
TI  - Interaction of mutant lpr gene with background strain influences renal disease.
AB  - The mutant gene lpr on the MRL/Mp strain of mice is responsible for converting a
      late onset glomerulonephritis into an early, aggressive, and fatal renal disease.
      This gene induces the proliferation of a unique subset of lymphocytes, the
      production of a variety of autoantibodies and shortened survival in MRL/Mp as
      well as in the genetically distinct strains C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, and AKR/J. The
      present study examined in detail the role of the lpr gene in the formation of
      lupus nephritis. The results show that C3H-lpr and B6-lpr mice do not develop
      nephritis while the AKR-lpr strain has a mild form of renal disease. None of
      these newly constructed congenic mutant strains have the severity of proteinuria
      or the degree of renal pathology characteristic of MRL-lpr mice. Thus, the lpr
      gene alone is insufficient in producing severe renal injury. The interaction of
      the lpr gene with other factors is required for the induction of life-threatening
      lupus nephritis.

PMID- 4042432
TI  - Inhibition of neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity by exogenous adenosine 5'
      triphosphate.
AB  - Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) obtained from normal donors kill human
      tumor cells in vitro. However, if adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is added to the
      neutrophil tumor cell suspensions in micromolar concentrations (10-100 microM),
      there is marked inhibition of neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity. The inhibitory
      activity resulted from an effect of ATP on both the effector cells as well as the
      target cells. When either the effector cells or target cells were preincubated
      with ATP they became resistant to the effects of the cytotoxic neutrophils. In
      addition, inhibitory activity was specific to ATP; as it was not demonstrated
      with GTP, UTP, or CTP. However, when the other adenosine compounds (AMP and ADP)
      were tested, both AMP and ADP had some inhibitory activity. Cytotoxicity was also
      inhibited when 100 microM of ATP were added to the neutrophil monolayers either
      at the time of addition of the tumor cells or 15-60 min after addition of the
      tumor cells whereas no inhibition of cytotoxicity occurred when ATP was added
      more than 1 hr after the initiation of the cytotoxic reaction.

PMID- 4042433
TI  - In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
      from normal controls were compared in 20 microliters droplet cultures following
      stimulation with phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A. The dynamics of
      proliferation were significantly changed in RA. Higher numbers of cells in
      culture were needed to achieve the same response. This may explain the low
      proliferative responses of lymphocytes from some patients with RA, and apparent
      changes of in vitro suppressor effects, reported by other authors. Diurnal
      variations of lymphocytes in RA patients were also studied. No differences in the
      response to mitogen of lymphocytes taken at 7 AM and 7 PM were found.

PMID- 4042434
TI  - Phenotypical and functional analysis of natural killer cells in sarcoidosis.
AB  - The frequency of cells reactive with natural killer (NK)-related monoclonal
      antibodies (MoAbs) HNK-1, NKP-15, B73.1, VEP-13, Ab8.28 has been evaluated in the
      peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of 39 patients with
      pulmonary sarcoidosis (including 19 cases with active sarcoidosis and 20 cases
      with inactive disease). This phenotypic analysis was carried out together with
      the NK in vitro functional evaluation of cell populations from peripheral blood
      and BAL fluid. In addition, inhibition studies were performed in order to
      evaluate the ability of alveolar macrophages (M phi) to modulate NK activity.
      Data from peripheral blood showed an increased number of mononuclear cells
      bearing HNK-1, NKP-15, Ab8.28, VEP-13, and B73.1 determinants in patients with
      active sarcoidosis with respect to patients with inactive disease and controls.
      The majority of HNK-1-positive cells lacked both Leu2 and Leu3 antigens when
      investigated in a double marker system. A parallel increase in the in vitro
      cytotoxicity assay has been demonstrated. On the other hand, only a few
      mononuclear cells recovered from BAL fluid displayed a surface pattern of NK
      cells. This small population of HNK-1-positive cells expresses the HNK-1/Leu3
      phenotype and does not exhibit NK activity. The alveolar M phi from sarcoid
      patients, as well as alveolar M phi from controls, have the property of
      inhibiting the NK activity of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes. The lack
      of lung NK function in patients with active sarcoidosis may be related to the
      presence of immature forms of NK cells and/or to the release of soluble factors
      by alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 4042435
TI  - Inhibition of platelet-activating factor by rabbit C-reactive protein.
AB  - Incubation of 0.5 nM platelet-activating factor (PAF) with 123 micrograms/ml C
      reactive protein (CRP) for 60 min at room temperature in the presence of 2 mM
      calcium resulted in total inhibition of the platelet-aggregating capacity of 0.5
      nM PAF. There was no inhibition of platelet aggregation if PAF and CRP were added
      to the platelets simultaneously, without prior incubation of the mixture, or if
      calcium was not present during the incubation of CRP and PAF. The inhibitory
      effect of CRP (123 micrograms/ml) was dependent upon the time of incubation with
      PAF (1 nM). We observed 0, 42, and 85% inhibition of platelet aggregation with
      incubations of 0, 20, and 120 min, respectively. The inhibitory effect of CRP was
      also concentration dependent. After incubations of 20 min at room temperature
      with 0.5 nM PAF there was no inhibition of PAF-induced platelet aggregation using
      12.3 micrograms/ml CRP with the inhibition increasing to 73% using 123
      micrograms/ml CRP. Pretreatment of the platelets with CRP (123 micrograms/ml) for
      60 min before addition of PAF did not affect the induction of platelet
      aggregation by PAF. These observations indicate that CRP inhibits PAF and
      strongly suggest that binding of CRP to PAF, presumably to the phosphocholine
      moiety of PAF, is required for this inhibition.

PMID- 4042436
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome due to scleroderma.

PMID- 4042437
TI  - Folic acid supplements in patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4042438
TI  - Sicca syndrome in mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Schirmer-test, history of conjunctivitis, salivary gland scintigraphy and SSA/SSB
      (Ro/La) antibodies were evaluated in 24 patients with mesangial IgA
      glomerulonephritis (IgA-GN), 58 patients with non-IgA-GN and 100 healthy
      controls. A sicca syndrome (positive Schirmer-test) was found in 46% of patients
      with IgA-GN and 17% of non-IgA-GN and 8% of controls (p less than 0.001). Only
      one of the IgA-GN patients volunteered a history of xerosis of the conjunctiva,
      but upon questioning 17% reported a history of ophthalmological treatment for
      recurrent conjunctivitis. The observation adds another extrarenal facet to the
      syndrome of mesangial IgA-GN. Diminished tear production may be another (immune?)
      abnormality of the oropharyngeal system.

PMID- 4042439
TI  - Significance of endostreptosin antibody titers in poststreptococcal
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Endostreptosin (ESS) is an immunologically well defined cytoplasmic antigen of
      group A and some group C streptococci. ESS is probably the pathogenetic antigen
      of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (ASGN). Antibodies to ESS (ESS-Ab) were
      determined by microcomplement fixation in 1,102 patients and by ELISA in 105
      patients. In 168 patients with ASGN (90 from the U.S.A. and 78 from Kuwait) the
      arithmetic mean titer was 45.2 (log10 1.40 +/- 0.606) and 50.2 (log10 1.51 +/-
      0.394) respectively, both significantly elevated compared to 347 age matched
      children and adults from the U.S.A. whose arithmetic mean titer was 9.1 (log10
      0.83 +/- 0.635) and 7.5 (log10 0.55 +/- 0.492) respectively and 139 children from
      Kuwait whose arithmetic mean titer was 15.7 (log10 0.92 +/- 0.495). In 51
      patients with ASGN, the mean ELISA value was 67.5% higher than the values
      obtained from 54 normal age matched controls. Patients with streptococcal
      infections without renal involvement had only transiently and mildly elevated
      values. ESS-Abs in patients with other types of glomerulonephritides were in the
      range of normal. ESS-Ab titers do not parallel the titers of streptococcal
      exoenzymes. ESS-Ab titers are of importance for the differential diagnosis of
      renal diseases and of similar significance for the understanding of the
      pathogenetic mechanism of ASGN. They are possibly of significance for therapy in
      the form of an active vaccine.

PMID- 4042440
TI  - On four cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome without microangiopathy.
AB  - Four cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) are presented in which light and
      electron microscopic examination of renal biopsies (2 cases) and light
      microscopic examination of the kidneys on autopsy material (2 cases) revealed no
      changes reflecting microangiopathy. Based on these findings and on personal
      observation of 197 cases of HUS with glomerular or vascular changes, it is
      considered questionable whether the results of animal experiments by Brain et al.
      [1962] and Brian and Brain [1968] can be transferred to man. The cause of
      hemolytic anemia in HUS is considered unclarified, except for cases in which
      hemolysis is triggered by neuraminidase-producing bacteria and viruses.

PMID- 4042441
TI  - Anaphylaxis: an unusual complication of hemodialysis.
AB  - Anaphylaxis is a rare complication of hemodialysis. Unless there is a high index
      of suspicion, symptoms may not be immediately recognized as a manifestation of
      hypersensitivity and prompt attention may be delayed. To improve physician
      awareness of this problem we report a patient who developed a severe anaphylactic
      reaction within minutes of beginning dialysis. Review of the literature indicates
      that hypersensitivity reactions are most commonly associated with Cuprophan
      dialyzers. Although the etiology has not been established, recurrence can be
      prevented by selection of a different type of dialysis membrane.

PMID- 4042442
TI  - Platelet aggregating factor in the epidemic form of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in
      childhood.
AB  - Plasma from six out of eleven children with the epidemic forms of hemolytic
      uremic syndrome caused the aggregation of homologous platelets as has been
      described in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. IgG purified from normal adults
      inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by plasma collected from three
      children during the acute phase of the disease. This inhibition by IgG may
      contribute to the reported successful management by infusions of plasma or plasma
      exchanges.

PMID- 4042443
TI  - Rapid differentiation between glomerular and tubular proteinurias by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - This study regards the urinary protein of patients with renal diseases. Analysis
      was done by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography (HPIEC). In patients
      with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome, the urinary proteins could be
      separated into about 10 peaks by HPIEC, whereas in the tubular dysfunction about
      15 peaks were obtained. Main peaks obtained by HPIEC were identified by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunochemical methods. HPIEC
      is an easy, reliable and rapid method for the estimation of glomerular and
      tubular proteinurias patterns, and it seems to be a good indicator of the
      selectivity of glomerular proteinuria. So, we recommend HPIEC for routine use in
      the clinical investigation of proteinuria.

PMID- 4042444
TI  - Effects of high CaCO3 supplements on serum calcium and phosphorus in patients on
      regular hemodialysis treatment.
AB  - The effect of high doses of CaCO3 on serum phosphorus and calcium (sPi,sCa) and
      the changes in serum aluminum (sAl) induced by Al(OH)3 interruption were
      investigated in patients on regular hemodialysis treatment. Some patients were
      administered Al(OH)3 and CaCO3, others only the former or the latter and others
      nothing. Al(OH)3 was stopped in all but one in whom it was only reduced, and
      CaCO3 was started or increased in all patients. A better control of sPi and serum
      Ca-Pi product was observed during high Ca supplementation, despite Al(OH)3
      discontinuation, and was associated with a significant decrease of sAl. As
      expected, taking into account the dialysate Ca level of 4 mEq/l, a significant
      hypercalcemia occurred in some patients, especially in those who had a normal
      predialytic sPi without Al(OH)3 supplementation. Therefore, lowering the
      dialysate Ca concentration according to individual need and increasing
      interdialytic oral Ca supplements can be recommended with the dual purpose of
      keeping a positive Ca balance and correcting hyperphosphatemia.

PMID- 4042445
TI  - Disseminated histoplasmosis in dialysis patients.
AB  - The unusual occurrence of disseminated histoplasmosis in two dialysis patients
      residing in a nonendemic area is described; one on chronic hemodialysis, the
      other on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). They both presented
      with nonspecific febrile illness with splenomegaly and/or pancytopenia. Rapid
      diagnosis was made with bone marrow biopsies and cultures. In the second patient,
      peritonitis secondary to histoplasmosis was documented by culture of the
      dialysate and at autopsy. This is the first such description in a CAPD patient.

PMID- 4042446
TI  - Uremic pericarditis in hemophilia A.

PMID- 4042447
TI  - Digoxin intoxication induced by verapamil in an uremic patient.

PMID- 4042448
TI  - Membranous glomerulonephritis in rheumatoid arthritis unrelated to gold or
      penicillamine treatment.

PMID- 4042449
TI  - Coagulation disorders.

PMID- 4042450
TI  - Adenosine triphosphate and adenosine: perspectives in the acute management of
      paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine exert strong and transient depressant
      effects on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular (AV) nodes of the human heart. The
      AV nodal effects of these drugs explain their high efficacy in either terminating
      AV re-entrant supraventricular tachycardia or in slowing ventricular rate during
      atrial tachyarrhythmias. Their very short half-life enables repeated
      administration of increased doses without reaching toxic effects and explains the
      transient character of their frequent but benign side effects. These agents
      represent a good alternative to verapamil in the acute management of paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardia both in infants and adults.

PMID- 4042451
TI  - Management of the prolonged QT syndrome and recurrent ventricular fibrillation
      with an implantable automatic cardioverter-defibrillator.
AB  - Two patients with the prolonged QT syndrome and recurrent ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias are presented, one of them refractory to combination
      antiarrhythmic drug therapy and bilateral stellate ganglion blockade. We
      implanted and tested in vivo an automatic cardioverter-defibrillator to provide a
      cardiac monitoring system with the capability of delivering a 25 J electrical
      discharge to the heart if rapid ventricular tachycardia or ventricular
      fibrillation is detected. Arrhythmia induction in the electrophysiology
      laboratory confirmed the appropriate recognition of the arrhythmias in each
      patient, with prompt discharge of the device and resultant termination of the
      tachycardias. We suggest that implantation of such a device may provide an
      effective adjunct to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in the management of infrequent,
      but potentially lethal, ventricular arrhythmias occurring in patients with the
      prolonged QT syndrome.

PMID- 4042452
TI  - A case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: conduction through the Kent bundle
      seems to depend on the serum potassium level.
AB  - A 72-year-old man with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and sick sinus syndrome had
      colon cancer, suggesting that the conduction of the Kent bundle depends on the
      serum potassium level. Because of severe diarrhea or furosemide administration,
      the serum potassium level in this patient was sometimes low. When it was less
      than 3.0 mEq/l delta wave or re-entrant tachycardia via the Kent bundle occurred.
      These were suppressed by the administration of potassium. On the other hand, when
      the serum potassium level was normal or high, neither effect was noted, and
      electrophysiological studies, done when the level was 3.2 mEq/l, showed no
      evidence of conduction by the accessory pathway. This suggests that conduction
      through the Kent bundle depends on the serum potassium level.

PMID- 4042453
TI  - Purity and transplantation properties of tumor cell suspensions.
AB  - Cell debris is inevitably produced by the mechanical and enzymatic procedures
      used to dissociate solid tumors. We investigated the influence of such debris on
      the i.v. and s.c. transplantability of B16 melanoma cells. Cell suspensions were
      centrifuged on a Percoll cushion to remove the debris, and the purified
      preparations were compared to untreated control suspensions. The i.v. injection
      of a massive dose (10(6) cells) of unpurified cells killed the animals within a
      few minutes, while the same amount of purified cells left the animals unaffected.
      When 5 X 10(5) cells were given, animals receiving purified cell suspensions had
      more extrapulmonary tumors at their time of death than those given unpurified
      cells. However, with a lower cell dose, 2 X 10(4) cells, there were no such
      differences in tumor incidence or distribution.

PMID- 4042454
TI  - Increase in radiosensitivity of lung micrometastases by hyperbaric oxygen.
AB  - Four-day-old artificial pulmonary micrometastases of two murine fibrosarcomas,
      designated FSA and NFSA, showed increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation by a
      factor of 1.13 when animals were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen breathing before
      and during irradiation, implying the presence of hypoxia in the micrometastases.
      At the time of irradiation the diameter of FSA and NFSA metastases was smaller
      than 200 and 100 microns, respectively, which, on the basis of oxygen diffusion,
      could not be responsible for hypoxia. It is assumed that hypoxia of
      micrometastases is passive, reflecting the radiobiological hypoxia of lung tissue
      that could exist under normal breathing conditions.

PMID- 4042455
TI  - Interaction of high or low metastatic related tumor lines with normal or
      lymphokine-activated syngeneic peritoneal macrophages: in vitro analysis of tumor
      cell binding and cytostasis.
AB  - Peritoneal macrophages from normal DBA/2 mice were found to bind significantly
      more cells of a syngeneic low metastatic lymphoma line (Eb) than cells of a high
      metastatic variant (ESb) derived therefrom. These differences were observed in
      three different assays, at 4 degrees C and at 37 degrees C, and at various ratios
      of macrophages to tumor cells. Upon co-culture with normal macrophages, a tumor
      cytostatic effect was consistently observed with Eb but not with ESb tumor cells.
      Further experiments indicated that macrophages exerted their growth inhibitory
      effect via direct tumor cell contact. Pre-treatment of tumor cells with
      neuraminidase or pre-treatment of macrophages with lens culinaris lectin
      increased the numbers of macrophages binding Eb and ESb tumor cells. Addition of
      D-galactose or D-mannose at 50 mM concentration led to an increase of tumor cell
      binding and tumor cytostatic activity. Taken together, these results suggest (i)
      that carbohydrates play a role in tumor cell recognition by macrophages and (ii)
      that the differences observed between Eb and ESb tumor cells may be due to
      differences in the expression of carbohydrates. Pre-activation of the macrophages
      by lymphokine(s) led to a short increase in their tumor cell binding capacity.
      Lymphokine activation resulted in a strong but also short-lived increase of tumor
      cytostatic potential. This was effective against both the low and the high
      metastatic tumor line.

PMID- 4042456
TI  - Attachment, spreading and growth in vitro of highly malignant and low malignant
      murine fibrosarcoma cells.
AB  - Highly malignant cell lines and low-malignant cell lines isolated from three
      different methylcholanthrene-induced murine fibrosarcomas were examined for their
      ability to attach to plastic dishes and collagen-coated dishes under serum-free
      conditions and in the presence of serum. Most of the cells from the three highly
      malignant lines attached and spread under all conditions. By 72 h, there was a
      significant increase in the number of cells indicating that at least some of the
      cells had undergone division (even in the absence of serum). In contrast, fewer
      of the cells from the three low-malignant lines attached and spread on the
      plastic or collagen substrates in the absence of serum or in the presence of 0.1
      per cent serum. However, when 15 micrograms laminin per dish was added along with
      the low-malignant cells, they then attached and spread on the plastic and
      collagen-coated dishes. Previous studies have indicated that the highly malignant
      lines express cell surface antigens that cross-react with laminin while the low
      malignant cell lines do not. We speculate that the differences between the high-
      and low-malignant cells in the expression of cell surface laminin-like antigens
      contribute to the dissimilarities in attachment and spreading capacity. These
      differences may also contribute to the dissimilarity between these cells in
      malignant potential.

PMID- 4042458
TI  - Localization of plasminogen activator(s) in primary and secondary rat
      adenocarcinoma cells.

PMID- 4042457
TI  - Investigation of a new murine model of regional lymph node metastasis:
      characteristics of the model and applications.
AB  - The RC tumor, originally a renal adenocarcinoma very sensitive to different
      classes of chemotherapeutic agents, maintained in CDF 1 mice, was examined for
      its ability to metastasize. When inoculated into the foot (with 10(7) tumor
      cells), bulky metastases developed in the popliteal and para-aortic lymph nodes,
      in a constant and reproducible pattern, producing a massive microscopic invasion
      of the liver, the lungs and the spleen. The antigenicity tests demonstrated a low
      immunogenicity of the tumor. Chemotherapy assays showed that adriamycin and
      vincristine were effective against metastatic dissemination when administered
      early after tumor cell inoculation and principally when combined with excision of
      the tumor-bearing leg. The RC model appears to be suitable for the study of lymph
      node metastasis and could be used in chemotherapy trials of new drugs potentially
      effective against metastases of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4042459
TI  - The course of metastatic disease originating from carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - The purpose of this work was to study the time sequence and the patterns of the
      multistep spread of metastases. Fifty-one patients with stage D carcinoma of the
      prostate, previously treated for their primary tumor by surgery or radiotherapy
      combined with hormonal manipulation and for metastases by hormones and
      chemotherapy, were included in the study. The metastatic dissemination,
      characterized primarily by the appearance of bone metastases, could follow two
      distinct patterns: The first, characterized by sequential appearance of
      osteoblastic metastases, followed by the development of osteolytic bone lesions,
      and the second pattern, characterized by the simultaneous appearance of
      osteoblastic and osteolytic bone lesions. In cases with solely osteoblastic bone
      metastases, the lesions are hormone sensitive and long-lasting remissions could
      be obtained. The development of osteolytic bone lesions is usually accompanied by
      the recurrence of the primary tumor and appearance of metastases in other sites,
      such as the lymph nodes and lungs. Bone metastases became resistant to hormonal
      manipulation and with chemotherapy short remissions were obtained. The course of
      the terminal period is faster, with shorter survival times. The determination of
      serum acid and alkaline phosphatase levels seems to reflect the course of the
      disease during the initial period of the disease only, i.e. when bone metastases
      are sensitive to hormonal treatment.

PMID- 4042460
TI  - Influence of adoptively transferred thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal
      macrophages on metastasis formation in mice with depressed or stimulated NK
      activity.
AB  - The effect of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages (TG-M phi) on natural killer
      (NK)-cell activity and metastases formation in mice was investigated.
      Intravenously (i.v.) inoculated TG-M phi inhibited spleen NK activity of normal
      mice and abrogated polyinosinic: polycytidylic (poly I:C) induced augmentation of
      NK cell function. TG-M phi also inhibited the clearance of i.v.-injected
      radiolabeled B16 melanoma cells from the lungs of normal or poly I:C stimulated
      mice. Formation of experimental B16 melanoma metastases was dramatically
      increased in mice pretreated with TG-M phi. Administration of TG-M phi increased
      metastasis formation to a greater extent than anti-asialo GM1 serum, while anti
      asGM1 serum was more efficient than TG-M phi in depressing spleen NK cell
      activity. When mice with low NK reactivity (beige mice or mice treated with anti
      asialo GM1 serum) were inoculated with TG-M phi, there was a substantial additive
      augmenting effect on metastasis formation in the lungs. Treatment with poly I:C
      elevated NK-cell activity and had profound antimetastatic effects in normal but
      not in TG-M phi pretreated mice. The metastasis augmenting effect of TG-M phi was
      fully expressed in poly I:C-treated mice as well as in athymic nude mice.
      Inoculation of proteose peptone-elicited macrophages (PM phi), unlike TG-M phi,
      did not depress NK activity or augment metastasis formation in normal or poly I:C
      treated mice. However, since the inhibition of NK activity in TG-M phi-treated
      mice was relatively weak, and a substantial additional increase in metastases was
      observed in NK-depressed mice after transfusion of TG-M phi, it seems unlikely
      that the TG-M phi-induced inhibition of NK reactivity is entirely responsible for
      the augmented formation of metastases. Further studies revealed that i.v.
      inoculation of TG-M phi, but not PM phi, induced intravascular inflammatory
      reactions, and damage to endothelial cells and basement membrane of the lung
      vasculature. These reactions may contribute to increased tumor cell extravasation
      and metastasis formation in mice pretreated with TG-M phi.

PMID- 4042461
TI  - Lymph node metastasis and cell movement: ultrastructural studies on the rat 13762
      mammary carcinoma and Walker carcinoma.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether tumor cells move actively through
      the linings of lymph node sinuses. Using 13762 carcinoma in F344 rats, and Walker
      carcinoma in Wistar rats, 20 X 10(6) tumor cells were injected into the footpad,
      and the ipsilateral popliteal lymph node examined by transmission electron
      microscopy. The same tumors were examined by making standard cell spots on
      plastic or glass surfaces, and examining these by phase and reflection contrast
      microscopy, fluorescent microscopy after anti-actin and phallacidin staining and
      transmission electron microscopy. The 13762 cells do not migrate through the
      lining of the lymph node sinusoid, nor move actively in vitro. Ultrastructural
      appearances of the Walker rat carcinoma cells suggest that they move actively
      through the sinus lining. After 24 h in vitro the Walker rat carcinoma cells in
      the centre of the spot are adherent to the surface. There is some movement of the
      edge of the sheet, and individual tumor cells at the edge of the sheet move
      actively and independently. We conclude that the Walker rat carcinoma invades the
      lining of the lymph node sinusoid by active cell movement, and the 13762
      carcinoma does not.

PMID- 4042462
TI  - Enhancement of in vitro chemotherapeutic activity by dimethylsulfoxide.
AB  - The effects of the differentiation-inducing polar solvent dimethylsulfoxide
      (DMSO) on the in vitro response of murine hepatocarcinoma cells to cisplatinum,
      BCNU, and melphalan were investigated using the sister chromatid exchange (SCE)
      and cell survival assays. Growth of cells in medium containing 2 per cent DMSO
      enhanced drug-induced SCEs and cell kill. In order for the enhancement to occur,
      cells had to be exposed to DMSO for at least 48 h prior to drug treatment. The
      presence of DMSO during drug treatment did not affect cell response to the three
      chemotherapeutic agents. The enhancement of chemosensitivity was eliminated
      within 24 h of DMSO removal. These data suggest that the differentiation-inducing
      polar solvents may provide antineoplastic benefits when administered in
      combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 4042464
TI  - An image analysis system for the quantification of invasion in vitro.
AB  - We have tested the value of a computer-assisted image analysis program for the
      quantitative study of invasion in vitro using experiments that were previously
      described semi-quantitatively. Mouse fibrosarcoma cell (MO4) aggregates were
      confronted with precultured fragments of embryonic chick heart in organ culture.
      Confronting pairs were fixed after 1, 2, 3 and 4 days, and processed for paraffin
      sectioning and immunostaining with an antiserum against chick heart. The image
      analysis system allowed separate quantification of two aspects of invasion,
      namely, occupation of the heart tissue by MO4 cells and degeneration of the
      invaded heart tissue. Complex combination of occupation and invasion added a
      qualitative aspect of invasion that has not been described previously and that
      revealed qualitative differences in invasion under various circumstances.

PMID- 4042463
TI  - Expression of abl and other oncogenes is independent of metastatic potential in
      Abelson virus-transformed malignant murine large cell lymphoma.
AB  - The role of oncogene expression in tumor metastasis was examined using the
      Abelson leukemia virus-transformed murine large cell lymphoma RAW117. Cell
      sublines of low and high metastatic potential expressed equally abl oncogene
      coded mRNA and its phosphoprotein product p160, and the capacity of p160 to
      become autophosphorylated with gamma-[32P]ATP was the same among low and high
      metastatic cells. The expression of other oncogene-coded mRNAs (fos, myc, myb),
      if present, was also similar in low and high metastatic RAW117 cells. Although
      oncogene expression is thought to be important in initiating, and in some cases
      maintaining, the transformed phenotype, its expression in RAW117 lymphoma cells
      appears to be unrelated to metastatic phenotype.

PMID- 4042466
TI  - Postoperative exercise rehabilitation benefits children with congenital heart
      disease.
AB  - Physical fitness was assessed in children with congenital heart disease using
      seven tests designed to measure cardiovascular endurance, strength, flexibility
      and co-ordination. Test scores for age-matched healthy children were
      significantly higher than preoperative scores for patients. Postoperatively, the
      patients were divided into a control group and a physical training group. The
      training group was subsequently divided into compliant and non-compliant
      subgroups. Patients who complied with a simple six-week home program of physical
      activity training after surgery improved their test scores significantly (p less
      than .001) and were not significantly different from normal children. The scores
      of the non-compliant group remained below normal (p less than .01). When retested
      six months postop, the scores of all patient groups had improved; however, while
      there was no significant difference between the healthy and compliant groups, the
      scores of the non-compliant and control groups remained significantly below those
      of the healthy children (p less than .01).

PMID- 4042465
TI  - Theophylline pharmacokinetics in adolescent females following coadministration of
      oral contraceptives.
AB  - The influence of 3-9 months of combined low dose oral contraceptives on
      theophylline pharmacokinetics was studied in 10 adolescent females (age 15-18
      years, mean +/- SD 17 +/- 1) and compared to 10 age-matched control subjects (age
      13.8-19 years, mean +/- SD 16.5 +/- 1.6). The distribution volume (0.44 +/- 0.06
      L/kg in control vs. 0.44 +/- 0.09 L/kg oral contraceptive group), total body
      clearance (0.78 +/- 0.13 ml/kg/min vs 0.78 +/- 0.18 ml/kg/min) and elimination T
      1/2 (402 +/- 78 min vs. 409 +/- 126 min) were identical in the two groups. It
      appears that during the first 3-9 months of low dose oral contraceptive
      treatment, these steroids do not alter the pharmacokinetic behaviour of
      theophylline in adolescent females.

PMID- 4042467
TI  - A prospective serial study of the effects of radiotherapy on semen parameters,
      and hamster egg penetration rates.
AB  - Cancer patients were studied before radiotherapy (RT) and at regular intervals
      after treatment (1, 3, 12, 24, 36, 48 months) to determine the effect of
      radiotherapy on semen parameters and sperm function as assessed by the hamster
      egg penetration assay. The cancer patients received testicular radiation doses of
      0.4 to 5.0 grays (40 to 500 rads). The pre-radiotherapy semen profile varied
      considerably but in general the profile was poor: 7/11 men had a sperm
      concentration less than 20 X 10(6)/ml and a total count of less than 50 X 10(6),
      while the hamster egg penetration rates were also very low with a mean of 5%
      (range 0% to 15%). This is the first study demonstrating that sperm function as
      well as sperm concentration is impaired in cancer patients pre-radiotherapy. At 3
      and 12 months post-radiotherapy, 8/11 men were azoospermic. By 24 months 8/11
      were producing sperm although only 2 had hamster egg penetration rates greater
      than 15%. All men studied at 36 months (4) and 48 months (3) post-radiotherapy
      had recovered spermatogenesis but hamster egg penetration rates were still poor.
      There was a highly significant inverse correlation between testicular radiation
      dose and subsequent sperm concentration and hamster egg penetration rates.

PMID- 4042468
TI  - Fractures of the lateral process of the talus.
AB  - A retrospective review of nine patients with fractures of the lateral process of
      the talus indicates that a substantial portion of patients will have persistent
      symptoms if the fracture is not diagnosed and appropriately treated soon after
      the injury. When a patient is evaluated for the symptoms of a "sprained ankle,"
      these fractures are often overlooked on the initial roentgenograms. If untreated,
      these fractures often fail to heal, and persistent pain over the lateral aspect
      of the ankle following an inversion injury should be investigated for the
      possibility of this diagnosis. Prompt treatment of acute fractures appears to
      lead to the best result. Nondisplaced fractures heal well in a short-leg cast,
      with six weeks of immobilization. Large displaced fracture fragments require
      surgical treatment: single large fragments should be reduced and internally
      fixed, and large comminuted fragments should be excised.

PMID- 4042469
TI  - Clinical application of computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanning of calcaneus
      fractures.
AB  - CAT scanning of calcaneal fractures with the 30 degree coronal or the transverse
      plane provides useful information not available on conventional roentgenograms.
      Joint alignment, displacement of fragments, and the integrity of the medial wall
      are key factors in deciding whether surgical reconstruction is indicated and what
      surgical approach to use--medial, lateral, or both. Examples of such information
      obtained on eight patients with calcaneal fractures is reported comparing CAT
      scan results to conventional roentgenograms. CAT scans can be used also with the
      foot immobilized in a cast.

PMID- 4042470
TI  - Open reduction in depressed fractures of the os calcis.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with subtalar joint involvement secondary to os calcis
      fractures have been treated with a surgical technique designed by George F.
      Pennal. There were 23 tongue-type fractures and 33 joint depression fractures in
      this series. All were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, and
      occasionally also by bone grafting. Patients have been followed from two to seven
      years from the time of their injury, and the results indicate that 39 of the
      patients are relatively symptom-free and doing the same work as they had done
      prior to their injury. Nine patients have required some modification of their
      work, and four patients were classified as failures. Treatment of depressed
      fractures of the subtalar joint by this method produces relatively predictable
      results.

PMID- 4042471
TI  - The operative treatment of fractures of the os calcis.
AB  - Displaced intra-articular fractures of the body of the os calcis are notorious
      causes of significant and prolonged disability. Treatment recommendations for
      these injuries have varied widely. An understanding of the anatomy and
      pathomechanics of the injury is important in treatment selection. Tongue-type and
      joint depression-type calcaneal fractures are subdivided on the basis of
      relations of the primary fracture line to the posterior facet. Treatment regimens
      are also based upon these relations and fracture classification. Choice of
      surgical approach depends upon the fracture pattern, including secondary
      comminution. The goal of operative treatment is to reestablish articular
      congruency, calcaneal width, and early range of motion. Operative treatment can
      be recommended for fractures that can be accurately reduced and rigidly
      transfixed. Nonoperative treatment is recommended for those fractures where
      accurate reduction is unattainable.

PMID- 4042472
TI  - Patient selection for lumbar laminectomy and discectomy with a revised objective
      rating system.
AB  - A revised objective rating system for patient selection for lumbar laminectomy
      and discectomy in the treatment of disc herniation is presented. Based on the
      severity of the findings within each of four categories (neurologic signs, root
      tension signs, myelogram or CT scan findings, and psychosocial environment),
      numerical scores are derived. A maximum score of 25 points is available in each
      category, for a total of 100 points. The objective rating score was determined
      prospectively in 106 patients who were treated by laminectomy for lumbar disc
      herniation and who were evaluated at least one year after surgery. The rating
      score was highly predictive of the surgical result. Application of this system
      for patient selection would reduce reliance on much of the subjective
      interpretation of physical and radiographic findings. With appropriate patient
      selection, improved surgical results are possible.

PMID- 4042473
TI  - Histochemical and morphometric changes in muscles of stroke patients.
AB  - There is little information on the muscle fiber changes or the fiber type
      affected in supraspinal hemiplegia. Muscle biopsy specimens from 20 patients with
      stroke, obtained during orthopedic reconstruction, were examined by modern
      histochemistry. Atrophy was present in all of the muscles, affecting Type 1
      fibers in 100% and Type 2 fibers in 95% of the patients. Type 2 atrophy was more
      severe than Type 1 atrophy. Group atrophy and fiber type grouping, present in
      40%, seemed related to peripheral nerve or root damage. Hypertrophy of Type 1
      fibers was present in 45%, associated with Type 2 hypertrophy in 15%. Although
      diffuse morphometric atrophic seemed not to correlate with the level of motor
      activity in this group of 20 patients, hypertrophy appeared related to activity.
      Hence, efforts to mobilize and rehabilitate stroke patients cannot prevent
      atrophy of some fibers, they seem to stimulate a hypertrophy not seen in inactive
      patients.

PMID- 4042474
TI  - A modified lateroanterior approach in operations for hip arthroplasty.
AB  - When straight and bulky instruments are used in operations for hip arthroplasty,
      exposure of the hip is not always wide enough, and extensive tissue dissection or
      a trochanteric osteotomy may be necessary. To avoid this and yet obtain wide
      exposure, a modified lateroanterior Ling approach was used in 40 consecutive
      operations for hip arthroplasty. The continuity between the gluteus medius and
      the vastus lateralis is preserved. These muscles are split, and the anterior
      attachments are decorticated from the greater trochanter, forming an
      osteotendinous flap that is displaced ventrally, exposing the anterior capsule of
      the hip. This approach, causing the least disturbance to the abductor mechanism,
      offers the advantages of wide exposure and, postoperation, a stable and easily
      activated hip.

PMID- 4042475
TI  - Intra-articular osteochondromas of the hip joint in a child with multiple
      osteochondromas. Case report.
AB  - A child five and one-half years old with multiple osteochondromas presented with
      symptoms mainly affecting her right hip. Several intra-articular osteochondromas
      had formed about the femoral neck and acetabulum. The osteochondromas were
      removed, and hip development appears to be normal over a four-year follow-up
      period.

PMID- 4042476
TI  - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease in a family: genetic or environmental.
AB  - This is a case report of a family in which Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD)
      occurred in four members. All the patients were male and between the ages of
      three and eight years. This unusually high incidence in one family raises
      questions about the genetic versus the environmental factors in the etiology of
      LCPD.

PMID- 4042477
TI  - Hemophilus influenzae infection of a total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Hemophilus influenzae is an uncommon, seldom considered pathogen of septic
      arthritis in adults. H. influenzae seems not to have been reported in association
      with a total joint infection. The majority of previously reported H. influenzae
      cases have been associated with joint trauma or preexisting joint disease. A 63
      year-old woman with a late hematogenous infection due to H. influenzae of a total
      hip arthroplasty was treated by surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotics.
      In a short-term follow-up evaluation of one year, this treatment was successful
      in allowing retention of the prosthesis and return to satisfactory function.

PMID- 4042478
TI  - Primary knee ligament repair--revisited.
AB  - There were 4710 knee sprains resulting from skiing in the four Aspen ski areas
      between 1976 and 1979. Twenty percent of the patients (942) had complete tears.
      Of these, 302 elected to remain in Aspen for treatment. All were treated by
      primary ligament repair without augmentation. These cases were evaluated an
      average of 42 months after injury. Patients with isolated tears of the medial
      collateral ligament were found to be doing well; virtually all of them had
      returned to preinjury activity levels. Thirty-six percent of the isolated
      anterior cruciate repairs were rated failures, and 43% of the combination ACL-MCL
      injuries had failed because of anterior cruciate deficiency. Twenty-nine percent
      of the ACL and ACL-MCL injuries had meniscal tears. Cases that included
      meniscectomy had a failure rate twice as great as those in which the meniscus was
      preserved. The results following repair of anterior cruciate tears were not
      acceptable, and augmentation was indicated. Primary repair of medial collateral
      ligament tears produced excellent results. Meniscal tears were frequent in
      association with ligament disruption. Ligament repairs were less satisfactory
      when meniscectomy was performed at the time of the repair.

PMID- 4042479
TI  - Antalgic maneuvers during walking in men with unilateral knee disability.
AB  - The gait of men with unilateral knee disability has not been quantified
      previously. Interrupted-light photography was used to quantify the gait
      abnormalities of 35 men whose major disability was unilateral knee pain. The
      following antalgic maneuvers were found to be common to the gait of these
      patients: slow and uneven forward progression with lateral lurching toward the
      painful side, asymmetry in stride and temporal components, and abnormalities in
      the displacement patterns of most body segments. Subnormal knee motion was found
      during the stance and swing phases. Because treatment of patients with knee
      problems is usually directed toward pain relief, an understanding of how pain
      affects walking performance is important to the clinician when assessing a
      patient's problem.

PMID- 4042480
TI  - Infected total knee arthroplasties.
AB  - Thirty infected total knee arthroplasties were investigated in 29 patients over
      an average interval of 42 months. Eleven infections began in the immediate
      perioperative period. Six developed from postoperative wound-healing problems.
      The remainder were late infections. Staphylococcus was found in 16 infections,
      gram-negative agents in five, mixed organisms in five, and other gram-positives
      in four. Sixteen knees were arthrodesed, six knees were treated by retention of
      the components, and two above-knee amputations and one resection arthroplasty
      were performed. Five patients had two-stage revisions to new components. Evidence
      of persistent infection was present in three arthrodeses, two retained
      arthroplasties, and one knee that was revised. Perioperative infections were
      associated with staphylococcal organisms and responded less favorably to
      conservative treatment. The failure of primary wound healing demands immediate
      measures to obtain skin coverage. Retention of the arthroplasty components is
      possible only in selected patients.

PMID- 4042481
TI  - Bone scanning in the assessment of patellar viability following knee replacement.
AB  - In an attempt to diagnose avascular necrosis (AVN) of the patella, a potential
      complication of the surgical procedure, 99mTc-MDP bone scanning was performed pre
      and postoperation in 37 patients treated by 41 total knee arthroplasties. The
      normal immediate postoperative scan should demonstrate increased radionuclide
      uptake in the patella when compared to preoperative scans. Decreased uptake was
      seen in four cases in the early postoperative period. This latter group was
      believed to be at risk for osteonecrosis and stress fracture of the patella. For
      this reason, prophylactic restriction of activity was instituted, with subsequent
      return of normal radionuclide uptake in the patella. Bone scanning provides an
      effective method of early diagnosis of patients at risk for the development of
      AVN and secondary patellar fractures following total knee arthroplasty.

PMID- 4042482
TI  - Bilateral total knee arthroplasties. Comparison of simultaneous (two-team),
      sequential, and staged knee replacements.
AB  - Simultaneous and sequential operations for bilateral total knee arthroplasties
      (TKA) for arthritis were examined for determination of the relative safety of
      each method. The postoperative morbidity was analyzed in three groups of patients
      who were similar with respect to age, sex, type of arthritis, preoperative range
      of motion, and postoperative management. Group I (22 patients) had both knees
      replaced simultaneously under one anesthesia. Group II (26 patients) had two
      operations staged about 17 days apart during a single hospitalization. Group III
      (20 patients) had TKA in two hospitalizations with the operations separated by
      about eight months. In this small series of cases there were fewer complications
      and a significantly shorter hospitalization in the group having simultaneous
      bilateral TKA.

PMID- 4042483
TI  - Strength of union in human tibial shaft fracture. A prospective study of 104
      cases.
AB  - In a consecutive prospective series of 104 tibial shaft fractures, the strength
      at the site of union was observed by a noninvasive technique at regular
      intervals. Eighty-one patients were male and 23 were female. Six fractures were
      open, and 13 patients had multiple injuries. The primary treatment was
      conservative with cast immobilization in 86 patients, external fixation by a
      quadrilateral system in 14, and open reduction and internal fixation in four. A
      measure of the strength of union is obtained by calculating a quotient between
      induced deflection between the fracture fragments and the applied bending moment.
      By plotting this quotient against time-since-injury, a curve describing the
      changes in stability can be constructed. With this curve it is possible to define
      united fracture and normal union, and the differentiation between delayed union
      and true nonunion is possible. Time-to-union in all 104 patients was 16 +/- 15.2
      weeks. In 14 with delayed union, surgical measures intended to promote union
      could be avoided because repeated measurements indicated progressive increase in
      stability. Bone grafting was performed in 13 fractures for treatment of nonunion.
      Statistical analysis based on objective measurement of stability failed to
      identify a specific factor responsible for delayed union or nonunion.

PMID- 4042484
TI  - Accuracy of radiologic assessment of tibial shaft fracture union in humans.
AB  - In a series of 208 tibial shaft fractures, 166 were treated nonoperatively, and
      of these, 157 had an uncomplicated course of healing. The process of union was
      followed by repeated noninvasive measurements of fracture stability. Full
      unprotected weight-bearing was permitted when stability measurements indicated
      solid union. A group of 127 fractures was evaluated by seven senior radiologists
      for assessment of the stage of union on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs
      exposed at the time of measurements of stability. The time for assessment ranged
      from four to 46 weeks. The radiologic assessment was difficult to correlate to
      the stability of union; in 55% of unstable fractures, the films pointed to
      satisfactory union. Of the 93 fractures that were mechanically stable, the films
      suggested that no union had been achieved in 44%. The probability of a correct
      radiographic evaluation of stage of union was approximately 0.5. The period
      required to achieve solid union after tibial shaft fracture is relatively long
      and unpredictable. Definitions of stage and progress of union are controversial.
      Conventional roentgenographic examinations as a means of assessing the stage of
      union are generally inconclusive.

PMID- 4042485
TI  - Foreign body granuloma of bone secondary to silicone prosthesis. A case report.
AB  - The clinical experience with silicone rubber arthroplasties has been unremarkable
      except for sporadic reports of reactive synovitis in the form of a foreign body
      giant cell inflammation. A 21-year-old man is the first known instance of a large
      lytic lesion in a bone articulating with a silicone implant.

PMID- 4042486
TI  - A new evaluation of gross pathologic changes and concepts of rheumatoid articular
      cartilage degeneration.
AB  - Fifty-one knees in 32 ambulatory patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined
      arthroscopically, enabling direct observation of the pattern of gross
      degeneration at the joint line and synovial chondral junction. Four distinct
      stages of pannus ingrowth and meniscal degeneration were observed, which
      correlated with the extent of articular destruction. Significant direct pannus
      invasion of articular cartilage was not observed in any stage in the ambulatory
      mobile rheumatoid knee. Stage I is comprised of synovial hypertrophy. Stage II
      shows invasive pannus affecting meniscal surfaces. Stage III exhibits meniscal
      tearing and production of abrasive debris. Stage IV is end-stage loss of meniscus
      and denudation of articular surfaces. Articular cartilage destruction was not
      observed in patients without visible meniscal degeneration or pannus ingrowth but
      was observed in knees without roentgenographic erosion or joint space narrowing.
      A new evaluation of articular degeneration in the ambulatory mobile rheumatoid
      knee is based on mechanical destruction by torn menisci and free debris observed
      by arthroscopy.

PMID- 4042487
TI  - Hip arthroplasty surgery in Manitoba: 1973-1978.
AB  - A review of all (1279) total hip arthroplasties in the Province of Manitoba,
      Canada, from 1973 to 1978 demonstrates an increase in the number of operations
      except in the very elderly. Six-week operative mortality was decreased from 2.4%
      to .6%, and time spent in the hospital has decreased from 54 to 40 days.
      Utilization of medical services by patients before and after surgery, as recorded
      by the Manitoba Health Services Commission, enables identification of all serious
      postoperative complications. Two years after surgery, 95.2% of patients were
      alive, and 16% had a contralateral hip arthroplasty. Fourteen patients (2.7%)
      required revision surgery within two years; 20 patients (4%) were readmitted to
      the hospital with other surgical complications, including trochanteric bursitis,
      osteomyelitis, pulmonary embolism, and so forth. Visits to physicians for
      arthritis-related problems and to chiropractors decreased in the two years after
      surgery compared with the two years before.

PMID- 4042488
TI  - A modified technique for the fixation of pathologic fractures in the lower femur.
AB  - Intramedullary nail fixation augmented by the pressure injection of
      methylmethacrylate was investigated by use of bovine femora. In this technique,
      the nail is first placed in its final desired position; cement is then injected
      with a conical-tipped syringe through a distal drill hole into the medullary
      canal around the nail. This method was compared with the conventional technique
      of first placing the cement into the medullary canal and then driving the nail
      into position. Calf femora were used to compare the cement pressures generated,
      the shear resistance at the bone/cement interface, and the contour of the
      endosteal cement surface produced by the two cementing techniques. Significantly
      higher bone/cement interface pressures were generated by the injection of cement.
      Shear resistance at the bone/cement interface, investigated by push-out tests,
      revealed no significant difference between the two techniques. Dissolution of the
      specimens in nitric acid produced a methylmethacrylate cast of the endosteal
      surface, thus revealing the pattern of cement penetration into endosteal bone.
      The cement surfaces made by the injection of cement revealed characteristics of
      superior fixation and penetration compared to those made by the conventional
      method. The injection of cement for pathologic long-bone fractures is safer than
      the conventional method, is less susceptible to intraoperative complications, and
      offers satisfactory fixation.

PMID- 4042489
TI  - Parathormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D metabolites during normal fracture
      healing in geriatric patients.
AB  - In order to study the role of calcium-regulating hormones during callus formation
      in elderly patients, serum levels of parathormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), 25
      hydroxyvitamin D [25-OH-D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], 24,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D], and calcium (Ca) were determined in 41 patients
      with fractures of long bones, primarily hip fractures. The parameters were
      measured on admission and after eight weeks. There were almost no changes in
      hormone serum levels during bone repair, except for a decrease in serum levels of
      1,25(OH)2D from 25.3 +/- 2.3 pg/ml on admission to 21.0 +/- 2.0 pg/ml eight weeks
      later (p less than .001). Patients with fractures compared to normal elderly
      humans have lower serum levels of PTH (0.99 +/- 0.06 ng/ml versus 1.88 +/- 0.34
      ng/ml; p less than .001), 25-OH-D (10.7 +/- 1.0 ng/ml versus 17.1 +/- 1.8 ng/ml;
      p less than .001), and Ca (9.1 +/- 0.1 mg% versus 9.7 +/- 0.1 mg%; p less than
      .001) and higher serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D (25.3 +/- 2.3 pg/ml versus 17.1 +/-
      2.3 pg/ml; p less than .001). Female patients have lower serum levels of
      24,25(OH)2D compared to males (1.65 +/- 0.15 ng/ml versus 2.06 +/- 0.29 ng/ml; p
      less than .05). A similar trend was noted in serum CT levels during callus
      formation (0.12 +/- 0.02 ng/ml versus 0.16 +/- 0.02 ng/ml; p less than .05).
      Patients with subcapital fractures of the femur have significantly lower serum
      levels of all vitamin D metabolites on admission, compared with patients
      suffering from extracapsular fractures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042490
TI  - Cefamandole levels in serum and necrotic bone.
AB  - Seven patients with chronic osteomyelitis were treated by surgical debridement.
      Cefamandole was administered intravenously before surgery. During the
      debridement, cefamandole concentrations were measured in serum and necrotic bone.
      Although adequate levels of antibiotic were achieved in the serum, minimal or no
      concentration of antibiotic was found in the necrotic bone. There was only
      minimal penetration of cefamandole into necrotic bone.

PMID- 4042491
TI  - Periosteal stress-induced reactions resembling stress fractures. A radiologic and
      histologic study in dogs.
AB  - An external callus is always associated with so-called stress fractures, but a
      fracture line cannot always be demonstrated by radiologic means. In such
      instances it is assumed that an undisplaced fracture or microfracture must
      nevertheless exist for an external callus to form. In this experimental study, 18
      beagles were immobilized in a shoulder spica for periods of time ranging from 6
      to 32 weeks and then remobilized. At the time of sacrifice, which varied from
      four to 28 weeks after remobilization was started, eight showed on radiographs an
      external fusiform bone formation on the distal metacarpal metaphysis during the
      remobilization period without evidence of a fracture line. Serial histologic
      examination, in seven metacarpi, also failed to reveal the presence of any break
      in the bone's continuity. Although this does not exclude the accumulation of
      microdamage (mechanical fatigue) at such sites, there is sufficient evidence that
      the circumscribed periosteal reaction occurred at a site of increased stress in
      the absence of an actual fracture. Consequently, this condition is called a
      periosteal stress-induced reaction.

PMID- 4042492
TI  - Development of nonunions in the rat fibula after removal of periosteal neural
      mechanoreceptors.
AB  - Periosteal proprioceptive nerve receptors may act as mechanoreceptors of long
      bones during adaptive remodeling after fracture. They may also contribute to the
      mechanisms of coordinated functional activity of fractured limbs and thus inhibit
      harmful overloading of fracture callus. The area of proprioceptive nerve
      receptors around the distal part of the rat fibula was stripped surgically, and a
      standard fracture of the fibular shaft was produced. Animals failed to unite
      their fractures and developed mainly atrophic nonunions. Atrophy of ununited
      fragments was due to osteoclastic bone resorption. Atrophy of the bone fragments
      was aggravated if the legs were also subjected to sciatic denervation. Sciatic
      denervation alone, without removal of receptors, did not interfere with the union
      of fractures. The results indicate that the area of proprioceptive receptors in
      the rat tibiofibular bone is critical for the healing of fibular fractures.
      Because the effect on bone healing of receptor removal was not inhibited by
      sciatic denervation, the effect was not transmitted through spinal pathways of
      the sciatic nerve. The development of nonunions could not be explained by the
      surgical trauma alone. Aggravation of fibular atrophy by sectioning of the
      sciatic nerve suggests that some neural elements are associated with the
      phenomenon, either directly or indirectly through neuromuscular function.

PMID- 4042493
TI  - Role of synovial fluid cells in the healing of flexor tendons.
AB  - A 1-cm segment of repaired rabbit flexor tendon was first subjected to 10,000
      rads of x-radiation and then placed in the synovial cavity of a rabbit's knee
      joint. Macroscopic examination revealed healing at the repair site and rounding
      of the tendon ends without adhesions. Light- and electron-microscopic studies
      revealed cells resembling fibroblasts at the repair site and the periphery laying
      down collagen. Healing of this irradiated nonviable tendon was brought about by
      the cells present in the synovial fluid.

PMID- 4042494
TI  - Trabecular bone strength profiles at the ankle joint.
AB  - The mechanical strength of trabecular bone at the ankle joint was studied in ten
      amputation specimens by means of multiple penetration tests. Tibial bone was
      considerably weaker than talar bone (40% on average). An area of peak bone
      strength located posteriorly and medially to the center of the joint was found in
      most joints. The variation of bone strength with the depth from the surface was
      studied by comparing five successive 2-mm levels. At the tibia there was a
      statistically significant decrease of bone strength from the first to the second
      level. At the talus, bone strength increased at first, then decreased
      significantly. The absolute values of strength recorded suggest that in a
      substantial number of the joints studied, the resection surfaces--especially at
      the tibial side--might be too weak to support the loads imposed by current
      prosthetic designs.

PMID- 4042495
TI  - Operative arthroscopy of the ankle. Three years' experience.
AB  - This is a preliminary report on 15 cases of surgical arthroscopy of the ankle
      performed between 1979 and 1983. Age range of the patients was from 14 to 35
      years. Follow-up examinations were performed between six months and two and one
      half years after surgery, with an average of 14 months. The indications were pain
      or clicking sensations accompanied by painful limitation of motion for an average
      of three months. Chondral and osteochondral fracture of the talar dome were
      observed in nine cases; chondral and osteochondral lesions of the tibial plafond
      in two cases; osteochondral loose bodies in two cases and; posttraumatic
      adhesions or arthritis was found in three cases. Treatment consisted of
      debridement of osteochondral lesions, removal of loose bodies, curettage,
      drilling, synovectomy, and abrasion of the subchondral bone. The results were
      assessed subjectively and objectively. Satisfactory overall results were obtained
      in 85% of the cases. There were no major complications. This study suggests that
      arthroscopic surgery has a definite role in the management of intra-articular
      lesions of the ankle. The results are reproducible if the arthroscopic surgeon
      pays proper attention to the anatomy of the area and is familiar with the use of
      different arthroscopic portals.

PMID- 4042496
TI  - Internal compression arthrodesis of the ankle.
AB  - Eight patients with disabling tibiotalar arthritis (one patient with a
      supramalleolar nonunion) were treated by arthrodesis. The procedure in all of
      these patients consisted of internal compression obtained by bone plates and the
      application of a bilateral tension device. A bilateral surgical approach was
      used. No bone grafting was required. This study compares two groups immobilized
      for ten and three weeks, respectively. In both groups, the procedure invariably
      produced union with excellent cosmesis, few complications, and good function.

PMID- 4042497
TI  - Corrective lengthening osteotomy of the fibula.
AB  - Widening of the ankle mortise following fracture can be a subtle diagnosis
      requiring special radiographs to fully appreciate the extent of shortening and
      rotation of the fibula. Once this fibular shortening has been recognized, a
      lengthening and rotational osteotomy can be conducted with use of a special
      compression/distraction device and bone graft. A series of 23 cases demonstrates
      that reconstructive lengthening osteotomy is well worthwhile when there is absent
      or minimal osteoarthritic change, irrespective of the time from the original
      injury.

PMID- 4042498
TI  - Measurement of the motion range in the loaded ankle.
AB  - In an easily practicable method of measuring the motion range in the ankle under
      load, the patient is asked to put his foot on a 30-cm-high stool and then lean
      forward as much as possible without lifting his heel from the supporting stool.
      In this position the knee is flexed and the greater part of the body weight is on
      the examined foot. Dorsal extension is then measured with a protractor as the
      angle between the support line of the foot and the long axis of the leg. The
      loaded plantar flexion is measured in the same position but with the heel raised
      as much as possible. In a study of 317 healthy ankles, this method was found to
      give greater and more reproducible values than measuring on unloaded ankles in
      sitting or supine positions. Measurements of the loaded dorsal extension were
      also made on radiographs of 66 healthy ankles. The mean value was 32.5 degrees;
      the mean talar forward tilt was 5.0 degrees. In normal daily life, at least 10
      degrees are required; for performing athletics and sports activities, a loaded
      dorsal extension range of 20 degrees-30 degrees is necessary.

PMID- 4042499
TI  - Changes in tibiotalar joint contact areas following experimentally induced tibial
      angular deformities.
AB  - Six cadaveric legs were stripped of all soft tissue excluding the interosseous
      membrane and the tissues about the ankle joint and foot. Angular deformities were
      simulated in all planes to a maximum of 15 degrees for proximal, middle, and
      distal third levels following tibial resection and same-level fibular osteotomy.
      Anterior ankle arthrotomies allowed exposure to the tibiotalar joint so that
      contact area could be measured with pressure-sensitive film inserted between the
      tibia and talus. An angular deformity of 15 degrees or less produced no
      significant alteration in the contact area of the ankle joint for proximal and
      middle third tibial levels. Distal tibial deformities showed a dramatic change in
      the contact area, with as much as a 42% decrease in contact area for anterior
      deformities. The contact shape for distal third angular deformities of 10 degrees
      and 15 degrees in all planes also tended to elongate, with a shift to more
      lateral contact noted. Although minor degrees of angular malalignment had little
      effect on ankle contact for proximal and middle third levels, it would appear
      that distal third deformities produce a greater change in ankle joint contact;
      thus, fractures at the distal level should be managed to minimize the possibility
      of tibial malalignment.

PMID- 4042500
TI  - Long-term results of displaced talar neck fractures.
AB  - Of 36 fractures of the talar neck without comminution of the body, eight were
      undisplaced, treated closed, and 28 were displaced and treated by open reduction.
      Twenty of the operations were less than 12 hours after injury. Nineteen of 20
      were performed through a medial approach, six with a medial malleolar osteotomy.
      The long-term results were evaluated by a standard rating system based on
      classification by the fracture. A protective brace was developed for non-weight
      bearing in two patients with complete avascular necrosis, and ankle protection
      with weight-bearing in ten with partial necrosis. Prompt open reduction and
      internal fixation, malleolar osteotomy, and protected weight-bearing are
      recommended in selected cases.

PMID- 4042501
TI  - Operative treatment of displaced talus fractures.
AB  - The talus is a bone with unique biomechanical features and vascular supply.
      Displaced fractures of the talus, therefore, frequently create problems of proper
      management. Forty-one severe talar fractures were treated operatively. The
      incidence of avascular necrosis was relatively low in this series (16%), and all
      of these were of Type III and IV fractures of the Marti-Weber classification.
      Type IV fractures were successfully treated by arthrodesis per primam, and
      suggested that fusion may be the indicated method of treatment in these severe
      injuries. Fusion of the tibiotalar joint has been used to encourage
      revascularization and to preserve the important function of the subtalar joint.
      In all other fracture types with dislocation, anatomic reduction is performed to
      restore joint congruity and encourage maintenance of talar dome viability.
      Painstaking postoperative management is important for the complete restoration of
      function.

PMID- 4042502
TI  - Eighty-five talus fractures treated by ORIF with five to eight years of follow-up
      study of 69 patients.
AB  - Four types of talus fractures can be distinguished and the prognosis predicted on
      the basis of vascular patterns before and after injury. Early decompression of
      the soft tissues or anatomic reduction by closed or (if not possible) open
      methods is indicated. Stable fixation by lag screws and functional aftertreatment
      help to improve the prognosis. The late results with reference to necrosis,
      posttraumatic arthrosis, secondary arthrodesis, and functional outcome show that
      open reduction and internal fixation, applied early, can produce better functions
      than was heretofore thought possible. Special emphasis is placed on careful
      indications, operative techniques, and postoperative treatment--particularly the
      time of partial weight-bearing with a caliper brace.

PMID- 4042503
TI  - The utility of adrenal scintigraphy in Cushing's syndrome and hyperaldosteronism.
AB  - Thirty-three adrenal scintigrams in 30 patients were reviewed to determine the
      utility of this noninvasive imaging technique. It was found to be very accurate
      in distinguishing bilateral from unilateral hyperfunction in patients who have
      clinical and biochemical evidence of adrenal cortical hyperfunction. The
      technique proved correct in 12 of 12 cases of Cushing's syndrome and 14 of 19
      cases of hyperaldosteronism. Specific clinical questions were also answered in
      three miscellaneous cases.

PMID- 4042504
TI  - Enterogastric reflux detection with technetium-99m IDA.
AB  - A Tc-99m IDA scan was performed in a patient with severe alkaline esophagitis
      subsequent to a Billroth I gastroenterostomy. The scan showed enterogastric
      reflux simultaneously with gastroesophageal reflux of bile. The study was
      recorded in a computer and the reflux quantitated.

PMID- 4042505
TI  - The use of technetium-99m sulfur colloid in the detection of patent processus
      vaginalis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is commonly used in patients
      with renal failure as an alternative to hemodialysis. A not infrequent
      complication is scrotal swelling due to bowel or fluid passing through a patent
      processus vaginalis secondary to increased abdominal pressure. A radionuclide
      study using Tc-99m sulfur colloid is a safe and simple method to determine if
      this complication is present or may be used as a pre-CAPD screening procedure.

PMID- 4042506
TI  - "Streaming" in portal vein. Its effect on the spread of metastases to the liver.
AB  - Fifty-five consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma and hepatic metastases
      on the Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver/spleen scan (TSC) were evaluated to see if the
      pattern of spread of colorectal metastases was affected by the venous drainage of
      the primary site. The results suggest that significant streaming probably exists
      in the portal vein and the spread of metastases to the liver is affected by it.
      This information has a potential clinical implication in terms of diagnostic
      workup and chemotherapeutic infusions. It also supports the speculation that a
      streaming effect exists in humans.

PMID- 4042507
TI  - Co-existent parathyroid adenoma and thyroid carcinoma. Nonspecificity of dual
      tracer parathyroid imaging for parathyroid lesions.
AB  - Dual tracer parathyroid imaging (DTPI) using Tc-99m and TI-201 has a reported
      sensitivity of 92% for the detection of parathyroid adenomas. A patient with
      biopsy-proven parathyroid adenoma as well as papillary thyroid carcinoma is
      presented. To date, this is the first such case ever to be reported and implies
      that DTPI, although a sensitive diagnostic modality for parathyroid adenoma
      detection, is not specific. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism has
      recently been established more frequently than in the past due to detection of
      elevated serum calcium levels on routine blood samples, relatively sensitive
      parathormone (PTH) assays, and noninvasive imaging modalities such as nuclear
      medicine, CT scanning, and ultrasonography. At our institution, we have
      successfully detected the location of parathyroid adenomas in many cases, using
      the dual tracer method with TI-201 and Tc-99m, confirmed at surgery. We present a
      case of primary hyperparathyroidism in which two distinct lesions were detected
      by nuclear imaging: one lesion was proven at surgery to be a parathyroid adenoma,
      while the other represented thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 4042508
TI  - Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in myocarditis.
AB  - TI-201 myocardial perfusion imaging was performed in six patients with clinically
      documented myocarditis. Each case manifested electrocardiographic abnormalities
      with elevation of serum cardiac enzymes and no significant stenosis of the
      coronary arteries observed on angiogram. Resting TI-201 images were visually
      assessed by three observers. Focal perfusion defects were observed in three cases
      (50%), among which two showed multiple perfusion defects. Emission computed
      tomography using TI-201 clearly delineated multifocal lesions in the first case.
      On the other hand, no significant perfusion defects were noted in the remaining
      three cases. Thus, myocarditis should be considered as one of the disease
      entities that may produce perfusion defects on TI-201 myocardial imaging.

PMID- 4042509
TI  - Photopenia of a hemithorax on technetium-99m HMDP bone scintigraphy resulting
      from massive pleural effusion.
AB  - Accumulation of Tc-99m labeled phosphonate bone scanning agent in a pleural
      effusion usually shows a mild and diffuse increase in radioactivity of the
      involved thorax. A malignant neoplasm was thought to account for this
      accumulation. The photon deficiency of the hemithorax on Tc-99m HMDP bone
      scintigraphy was shown in a case of massive pleural effusion, which was proved by
      autopsy to be due to metastatic breast carcinoma in the pleura. Two factors
      caused these scintigraphic findings: 1) a large amount of fluid in the pleural
      cavity caused photon attenuation; 2) the higher body background in the
      noninvolved hemithorax and other areas of the body was due to renal dysfunction
      resulting from chronic pyelonephritis. Whether the accumulation of the
      radiopharmaceutical agent in the pleural effusion was malignant or benign could
      not readily be distinguished.

PMID- 4042510
TI  - Focal pulmonary edema. Correlation with perfusion lung scan.
AB  - Pulmonary embolism is diagnosed by a mismatched perfusion-ventilation lung scan.
      The probability is increased further when there is an associated "hot spot" in
      the perfusion study caused by focal pulmonary edema.

PMID- 4042511
TI  - Bone image detection of lesions induced by self-administered anticoagulants.

PMID- 4042512
TI  - Bladder in the sac.

PMID- 4042513
TI  - Vertebral hemangioma. Radionuclide, radiographic, and CT correlation.

PMID- 4042514
TI  - Focal liver defect caused by hydatid cyst in the lung.

PMID- 4042515
TI  - Dual "hot spot" during combined hepatic imaging.

PMID- 4042516
TI  - Vesicocolonic fistula.

PMID- 4042517
TI  - Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of aminoglutethimide.
AB  - The oral pharmacokinetics of aminoglutethimide were determined in 17 patients
      receiving the drug therapeutically. The absorption of aminoglutethimide after
      oral intake was almost complete as judged by recovery of radio-labelled drug in
      the urine. The plasma half-life of the drug was markedly reduced (mean 43%)
      during multiple-dose administration as compared with a single dose, but only a
      moderate increase in total clearance (mean 26.9%) was observed. This finding was
      consistent with a significant reduction (mean 29.2%) in apparent volume of
      distribution (Vd) occurring during prolonged treatment. These alterations in drug
      distribution could also be demonstrated after a drug-free interval of 96 hours
      during treatment. The reduction in apparent volume of distribution could not be
      explained by altered plasma protein binding of aminoglutethimide, as evaluated by
      equilibrium dialysis experiments.

PMID- 4042518
TI  - Doxepin plasma concentrations in clinical practice. Could there be a
      pharmacokinetic explanation for low concentrations?
AB  - During therapeutic use of doxepin, we have often observed unexpectedly low
      doxepin plasma concentrations in patients on moderate dosages, e.g. 100 to 200mg
      daily. While non-compliance seemed the most likely explanation, we present the
      data for 6 patients in whom we considered non-compliance unlikely. The data can
      be explained by hypothesizing that in some patients, there is not a linear dosage
      plasma concentration relationship and that on a steady dosage, plasma
      concentrations are not always maintained. If these phenomena can be more
      carefully documented they may assume clinical importance; indeed for 2 of the
      patients studied the falling plasma concentrations on a steady dosage were
      associated with a recurrence of depression.

PMID- 4042519
TI  - Pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability of methimazole.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of methimazole following therapeutic doses were studied in
      healthy subjects, in thyrotoxic and hypothyroid patients before and after
      treatment to euthyroidism, and in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency,
      using a highly sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay. Following
      intravenous administration of 10mg to healthy subjects, methimazole had an
      initial distribution half-life (t1/2 alpha) of 0.10 to 0.23 hours and an
      elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) of 4.9 to 5.7 hours. The absolute
      bioavailability after oral administration of 10mg methimazole in the fasting
      state was high, with a mean of 93%. The pharmacokinetic profiles showed small
      interindividual variations, although one of the hypothyroid patients had a rapid
      elimination half-life, in both the hypothyroid and euthyroid state (2.6 and 2.4
      hours, respectively). The elimination rate was not enhanced in the thyrotoxic
      patients but was slightly prolonged in the hypothyroid patients. There was no
      influence of renal insufficiency, but a prolonged elimination half-life was
      observed in patients with hepatic failure, the prolongation being proportional to
      the degree of impairment. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of methimazole are
      relatively simple with small interindividual variations. In general, there are no
      pharmacokinetic reasons to adjust dosage in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis,
      except in the rare case of concomitant advanced hepatic insufficiency.

PMID- 4042520
TI  - Interactions between ethanol and oral contraceptive steroids.
AB  - We investigated the effect of oral contraceptive steroids (OCSs) on plasma
      ethanol disposition and tolerance to ethanol. Fifty-four healthy women between 18
      and 40 years old were classified as light (31) or moderate (23) drinkers. Each
      group was further subdivided into controls (no OCS; 10 light, seven moderate
      drinkers), 30 or 35 micrograms estrogen OCS (14 light, 11 moderate drinkers), and
      50 micrograms estrogen OCS (seven light, five moderate drinkers). Four of the
      subjects were studied on a second occasion, thus acting as their own controls
      with and without OCS use. All women were studied between days 14 and 21 of their
      pill/menstrual cycle. Plasma ethanol concentrations and two simple tests of motor
      function were measured for 6 hours after ethanol, 0.9 gm/kg in orange juice drank
      over a 30-minute period. The groups were well matched for age and weight. There
      were no significant differences between any of the six subgroups in mean peak
      plasma ethanol concentration, mean time to peak, mean AUC, or mean rate of
      ethanol disappearance. This was also the case for the four women who acted as
      their own controls. Analyses between those receiving high and low progestogen
      OCSs and between smokers and nonsmokers showed no significant differences. There
      was acute deterioration in functional performance as measured by two motor
      function tests in all subjects, regardless of OCS use. Moderate drinkers were
      significantly less functionally impaired than light drinkers whether with or
      without OCS use, indicating acquired tolerance. The mean degree of impairment and
      mean recovery time for both tests were significantly less in the OCS groups than
      in the control groups. The same trend was seen in the four women who were their
      own controls. Our results suggest that OCS use may induce some form of
      "tolerance" to ethanol. However, because there is no evidence of any change in
      ethanol disposition even at high plasma ethanol concentrations (greater than 100
      mg/dl), women taking OCSs should not attempt to drink more than usual.

PMID- 4042521
TI  - Sulindac metabolism: the importance of an intact colon.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of sulindac have been studied after a single 200 mg oral
      dose in six normal subjects and five patients with surgical ileostomies. The
      plasma concentration-time curves for sulindac were similar in both groups up to
      12 hours after dosing, indicating similar absorption of the drug. Higher plasma
      concentrations of sulindac were found in normal subjects after 12 hours, but this
      late phase accounted for only 12% of the total AUC in the subjects. The sulfone
      metabolite showed a similar pattern, with no statistically significant difference
      in the total AUC, but in patients with ileostomy there was a halving of the AUC
      after 12 hours. Plasma concentrations of the active sulfide metabolite were
      similar in both groups up to 12 hours, but negligible concentrations were
      detected in the plasma of patients with ileostomy after 12 hours. Thus the AUC
      after 12 hours, which represented 55% of the total AUC in normal subjects, was
      reduced to only 7% in patients with ileostomy. The rate of reduction of sulindac
      in vitro by ileostomy effluent was only one hundredth that by normal feces. Our
      results suggest that the gut microflora are an important site of reduction of
      sulindac in man. Comparison of AUC values suggests that about half the total
      sulfide is formed by the gut bacteria, probably from sulindac excreted in the
      bile.

PMID- 4042522
TI  - A family study of genetic and environmental factors determining polymorphic
      hydroxylation of debrisoquin.
AB  - Debrisoquin hydroxylation capacity determined as the ratio of debrisoquin to 4-OH
      debrisoquin (DMR) in urine after a single oral dose (10 mg) was studied in 52
      nuclear families comprising 226 subjects. The relative importance of genetic and
      environmental factors for DMR was studied by path analysis. There was a
      significant negative correlation between DMR and coffee intake but no significant
      correlations between DMR and sex, age, alcohol intake, or smoking habits. Path
      analysis showed that genetic heritability was 0.79 while cultural heritability
      was only 0.06. Complex segregation analysis gave evidence for a major locus with
      incomplete dominance (d = 0.28) between a recessive and an additive gene. The
      frequency of the major gene was 0.31, allowing an estimate of the frequency of
      slow hydroxylators in the Swedish population of 9.4%. There was also evidence for
      a multifactorial component accounting for 14% of the total variation. It was not
      possible to distinguish between the different genotypes within the rapid
      hydroxylator phenotype. Our data agree with previous studies in British and
      German populations showing that two alleles at a major autosomal locus can
      explain most of the observed variation in DMR. The frequency of slow
      hydroxylators in Sweden is very similar to that reported in other European
      studies. The debrisoquin metabolic phenotype seems to be extensively controlled
      by a monogenic system and not significantly influenced by environmental factors
      or age.

PMID- 4042523
TI  - Interethnic differences in genetic polymorphism of debrisoquin and mephenytoin
      hydroxylation between Japanese and Caucasian populations.
AB  - Interethnic differences in debrisoquin and mephenytoin hydroxylation have been
      compared between normal white (n = 183) and Japanese (n = 100) subjects with the
      8-hour urinary metabolic ratio of debrisoquin and the urinary S/R enantiomeric
      ratio of mephenytoin to identify extensive (EM) and poor (PM) metabolizers. In
      white subjects the frequency of PMs was 8.7% and 2.7% for debrisoquin and
      mephenytoin, respectively. In contrast, in Japanese subjects no PMs of
      debrisoquin were identified, while the incidence of PMs of mephenytoin was 18%.
      These substantial differences (P less than 0.001) in polymorphic distributions of
      oxidative drug metabolizing ability have implications for interethnic efficacy
      and toxicity of drugs and other xenobiotics that are metabolized by the involved
      cytochrome P-450 isozymes.

PMID- 4042524
TI  - Stereoselective mephobarbital hydroxylation cosegregates with mephenytoin
      hydroxylation.
AB  - The 8-hour urinary recovery of 4-hydroxy-mephobarbital has been measured after
      oral administration of racemic mephobarbital (90 mg) in 17 extensive (EM) and six
      poor (PM) metabolizer phenotypes of mephenytoin. The recovery of this metabolite
      was measurable in every EM and ranged from 2.5% to 48% (10.9% +/- 1.9% of dose),
      but was not detected in any PM (less than 1% of dose). In EMs, the 8-hour urine
      recovery of 4-OH-mephobarbital after mephobarbital was approximately half that of
      4-OH-mephenytoin over the same time after mephenytoin administration. One EM
      received similar doses of R- and S-mephobarbital on separate occasions. Urinary
      recovery of 4-OH-mephobarbital was 33% and less than 1%, respectively. These
      results suggest that mephobarbital is stereoselectively hydroxylated by the same
      drug metabolizing enzyme that is responsible for the stereoselective aromatic
      hydroxylation of mephenytoin.

PMID- 4042525
TI  - Effects of long-term therapy with naltrexone on body weight in obesity.
AB  - The endogenous opiate system is thought to be associated with the regulation of
      food intake and body weight. Opiate antagonists decrease food intake in animals,
      but there are no controlled studies in obese man to evaluate body weight response
      to naltrexone. Sixty obese people were randomized into three groups and given 0,
      50, or 100 mg of the opiate antagonist naltrexone for 8 weeks in an outpatient,
      double-blind study. Weight loss was not significant in either the 50 or 100 mg
      groups as compared with placebo. However, when broken down by sex, women had a
      significant (P less than 0.05) weight loss of 1.7 kg, while men did not lose
      weight. Side effects were modest, but six subjects had one or more abnormal liver
      function test results; in one subject these abnormalities appeared to be
      clinically significant. The effects of naltrexone on weight loss were less than
      expected in light of prior animal studies, but further studies with a wider dose
      range of naltrexone may be indicated.

PMID- 4042526
TI  - Terazosin kinetics after oral and intravenous doses.
AB  - Terazosin kinetics were followed in normal subjects after intravenous doses of
      0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg and oral doses of 1.0 mg. Plasma and urine samples were
      collected for the first 48 and 24 hours. The samples were analyzed by a sensitive
      HPLC assay developed in our laboratory. Mean calculated peak plasma levels from
      the 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg intravenous doses were 25.0, 44.1, and 83.3 ng/ml. After
      a 1 mg oral dose the mean peak level was 19.6 ng/ml. Data were fit to a two
      compartment open model with mean elimination phase t1/2 values of 7.9, 8.9, and
      10.1 hours for the ascending intravenous doses and 11.6 hours for the oral dose.
      Mean 0 to 24-hour urinary recovery after the intravenous doses was 14%, 13%, and
      11%. It is concluded that terazosin kinetics are linear after oral and
      intravenous doses.

PMID- 4042527
TI  - Ventilatory effects of atenolol and bevantolol in asthma.
AB  - The cardioequipotency of 400 mg bevantolol and 100 mg atenolol was determined by
      measuring the exercise heart rate in healthy subjects. The beta-blockers were
      then used in these doses to investigate their ventilatory effects in patients
      with asthma. The effects of both drugs on forced expiratory flow parameters for
      large and small airways were assessed at rest and during and after exercise. A
      dose-response curve was then plotted after inhalation of the beta 2-adrenoceptor
      agonist terbutaline. Bevantolol significantly decreased the forced expiratory
      volume in 1 second (FEV1) and the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) at rest, while
      there was no such change with placebo or atenolol. Both beta-blockers decreased
      the maximal expiratory flow rates at 50% of forced vital capacity (MEF50) and
      after expiration of 75% of the forced vital capacity (MEF25) at rest; the
      decrease was larger after bevantolol than after atenolol. During atenolol there
      was a decrease in FEV1 and in PEFR (P less than 0.01) 15 minutes after exercise
      in comparison with preexercise values. There was no significant difference
      between pre- and postexercise values of MEF50 and MEF25 during atenolol dosing.
      After bevantolol there was only a small change in PEFR after exercise, probably
      because of the low preexercise values of the ventilatory indices with this drug.
      Inhalation of terbutaline up to a dose of 2 mg significantly improved all
      ventilatory indices measured, but with bevantolol the values after 2 mg inhaled
      terbutaline were lower than the initial values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042528
TI  - Transdermal nicotine reduces cigarette craving and nicotine preference.
AB  - The effects of transdermal nicotine in 10 cigarette smokers were studied in a
      within-subjects, double-blind design. Either 8 mg nicotine base in a 30% aqueous
      solution or an inactive placebo solution was applied to intact skin under a
      polyethylene patch. Subjective reports of cigarette craving were collected every
      30 minutes during a 90-minute smoking abstinence period. Immediately before and
      after this abstinence period subjects smoked through a smoke mixing device that
      allowed them to select their desired nicotine intake with each puff. Transdermal
      nicotine significantly increased saliva nicotine levels within 30 minutes after
      application. Cigarette craving was significantly lower in the nicotine condition
      than in the placebo condition. Nicotine preference during the initial puffs of
      the smoke mixer test at the end of 90 minutes of deprivation was also decreased
      by transdermal nicotine. In contrast, measures of cumulative smoke intake were
      not affected by the nicotine dose used. Our results suggest that transdermal
      nicotine may enhance success in smoking cessation by preventing the rise in
      cigarette craving usually observed after cessation. Transdermal nicotine may be
      preferable to other routes of nicotine administration because of the relative
      absence of adverse side effects.

PMID- 4042529
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of high-dose pentobarbital in severe head trauma.
AB  - High-dose pentobarbital infusion has been advocated as an effective adjunct in
      controlling persistent intracranial hypertension after severe head trauma in
      patients refractory to conventional therapy. Pentobarbital disposition was
      assessed in 10 adults with severe nonpenetrating head injury after an intravenous
      loading dose of sodium pentobarbital, 10 mg/kg, infused over 1 hour, followed by
      a continuous infusion at 0.5 to 3.0 mg/kg/hr provided the cerebral perfusion
      pressure remained greater than 50 torr. Pharmacokinetic parameters of volume of
      distribution at steady state (Vss), total body clearance (CL), and t1/2 for the
      patients with trauma were statistically compared with similar estimates reported
      for seven adult subjects without head injury. On discontinuation of the
      pentobarbital infusion, serum concentrations in the patients followed a
      monoexponential decline with a mean (+/- SD) t1/2 and Vss that were significantly
      less than values reported for the control subjects (15.6 +/- 3.9 vs. 22.3 +/- 4.0
      hours and 44.0 +/- 11.7 vs. 63.4 +/- 15.2 L, respectively). However, there was no
      significant difference between the mean pentobarbital CL of the patients (2.0 +/-
      0.7 L/hr) and the subjects (2.0 +/- 0.4 L/hr). To our knowledge this is the first
      report on the disposition, elimination, and intrasubject variability of high-dose
      pentobarbital infusion in adult patients with head trauma.

PMID- 4042530
TI  - New insights into the pharmacokinetics of spironolactone.
AB  - Four healthy men took a single oral dose of 200 mg spironolactone after a
      standardized breakfast. Blood samples were drawn until 24 hours after dosing. A
      specific HPLC method was used to determine the serum concentrations of
      spironolactone and its metabolites 7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone, 6 beta-hydroxy
      7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone, and canrenone. Pharmacokinetic parameters were
      derived from the serum concentration-time course of each compound.
      Spironolactone, 7 alpha-thiomethylspirolactone, and canrenone are known to have
      antimineralocorticoid activity in man. Our study demonstrated that: (1) 7 alpha
      Thiomethylspirolactone is the main metabolite of spironolactone after a single
      oral dose as judged by the AUC(0-24) and the maximum concentration; and (2)
      unchanged spironolactone was detected in serum, with a maximum concentration at 1
      hour and detectable levels up to 8 hours after dosing. Our findings are contrary
      to the widely accepted belief that spironolactone is metabolized too rapidly to
      be detected in serum after oral dosing and that canrenone is the principal
      metabolite of spironolactone.

PMID- 4042531
TI  - Concomitant food intake does enhance the bioavailability and effect of
      hydralazine.

PMID- 4042532
TI  - Assessment of tissue sensitivity to insulin in uraemic patients on long-term
      haemodialysis therapy.
AB  - Glucose intolerance is a common concomitant of untreated chronic renal failure,
      but the effect of long-term treatment on the insulin resistance believed to be
      behind it is as yet not clarified. Peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin was
      therefore examined in 7 dialyzed uraemic patients, 8 undialyzed uraemic and 8
      matched healthy subjects using the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp technique.
      The dialyzed subjects had been on maintenance haemodialysis for a mean of 4 yr
      (range, 3-131 months) and were studied both before and after a single random
      dialysis. The clamping was performed during 150 min using a glucose controlled
      insulin infusion system (Biostator). Insulin was infused at a rate of 2.0
      mU/kg/min. Tissue sensitivity to insulin was expressed as glucose uptake (M) at
      steady state (90-150 min) over steady state serum insulin concentration (I).
      While M was significantly greater in healthy subjects (12.52 +/- 1.02 mg/kg/min,
      mean +/- 1 SEM) than in dialyzed uraemics (9.59 +/- 0.78 mg/kg/min and 9.36 +/-
      0.70 mg/kg/min, both p less than 0.05), M/I was similar in chronically dialyzed
      patients (before and after dialysis: 0.098 +/- 0.017 mg/kg/min per microU/ml vs
      0.104 +/- 0.020 mg/kg/min per microU/ml) and in controls (0.111 +/- 0.015
      mg/kg/min per microU/ml; p greater than 0.20). In contrast M/I ratio of uraemic
      subjects who had never been dialyzed (0.062 +/- mg/kg/min per microU/ml) was
      significantly reduced (both p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042534
TI  - Restricted effector cell function in ADCC.
AB  - Human effector cell function in ADCC reactions was studied as a result of
      observations showing discrepant ADCC reactivities among different effector cell
      populations. Effector cells prepared from ten blood donors were tested
      individually and as a pool against a battery of nine antisera-target cell
      combinations in an 11-x-9 matrix. The results identified individuals with weak,
      intermediate, and strong effector cell functions; however, there was a wide range
      of ADCC reactivity by each person's effector cells against the nine targets. No
      single antibody-target cell combination was consistently subjected to the least
      kill or greatest kill by the different effector cell preparations. Pooled
      effector cell responses were found to be weaker than expected. There was no
      relationship of age or sex with effector cell function, but a trend was noted for
      strong and weak reactions to be associated with HLA-DR7 and DR1, respectively.
      Neither the sharing of HLA antigens between effector and target cells nor self
      ADCC reactivity could account for the variations in effector cell function.
      Exploratory principal components factor analysis suggested that recognition of
      antibody-target cell combinations by effector cells was represented by three
      major groupings. These data collectively indicate the existence of an
      allorestrictive Fc receptor recognition step in ADCC responses.

PMID- 4042533
TI  - Effect of psychosocial factors on success in a program of self-glucose
      monitoring.
AB  - We examined prospectively the relationship of psychosocial factors to glycemic
      control in a program of self-glucose monitoring (SGM). Measured intelligence
      (IQ), educational level, and socioeconomic status (assessed by the Two-Factor
      Index of Social Position) were determined in 25 patients who were followed during
      6 months of self-glucose monitoring. Personality categories, reflecting degrees
      of psychological disturbance, were assigned using the Minnesota Multiphasic
      Personality Inventory (MMPI). None of the measured psychosocial variables
      correlated significantly with initial Hgb A1 values. In contrast, after 6 months
      of SGM, Hgb A1 levels correlated significantly with both socioeconomic status (r
      = 0.42, p less than 0.05) and educational levels (r = -0.42, p less than 0.05).
      Hemoglobin A1 levels also correlated significantly with the recorded frequency of
      SGM (r = -0.65, p less than 0.01), a measure of patient compliance. No
      significant correlation between IQ and Hgb A1 levels was seen, either initially
      or during follow-up. High A1 values differed significantly among groups
      classified by MMPI testing. Patients with severe psychological abnormalities had
      higher (p less than 0.05) mean Hgb A1 levels. We conclude that psychosocial
      factors, but not measured intelligence, have an important bearing on patient
      success in a program of SGM.

PMID- 4042535
TI  - Magnetic albumin/protein A immunomicrospheres. II. Specificity, reproducibility,
      and resolution of the magnetic cell separation technique.
AB  - Magnetically responsive albumin/protein A immunomicrospheres (MIMS) were prepared
      by reacting a mixture of albumin, iron oxide, and protein A in a two-phase
      emulsion coagulation procedure. The protein A ligand permits strong affinity
      binding of the monoclonal anti-HLA BW6 antibody to the 500-nm MIMS in a one-step
      process. HLA BW6+ and BW4+ human peripheral blood lymphocytes and mixtures of
      both were incubated with these MIMS. The findings obtained after only one run in
      a magnetic field were as follows: depletion of 98.6 +/- 0.9% of the target cells
      when 2 mg MIMS/10(6) cells were used, unspecific trapping of 5.9 +/- 2.5% of the
      nontarget cells from cell mixtures, and effective separation of cell populations
      as small as 1-0.1%. Thus, using albumin/protein A MIMS, the magnetic cell
      separation technique is simple, rapid, and highly sensitive.

PMID- 4042536
TI  - Antigen-specific immunostimulation of amino acid transport: proposed method for
      the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle.
AB  - Preliminary data on a novel method for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (TB)
      has been presented. This method is based on increased amino acid transport in
      specifically stimulated lymphocyte cultures. Lymphocytes isolated from TB
      infected or -sensitized cattle and cultured with the TB antigen PPD-B had
      noticeably enhanced amino acid transport after 1-3 days. Transport continued to
      increase for up to 5 days of culture with the antigen. PPD-B did not stimulate
      transport in lymphocytes from nonsensitized animals. The new method correlated
      well with the tuberculin skin test and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation
      measured by flow cytometry.

PMID- 4042537
TI  - Presidential address. Responding to the challenge.

PMID- 4042538
TI  - Platelet associated IgG--an overview.

PMID- 4042539
TI  - Informed consent for research publication of patient-related data.

PMID- 4042540
TI  - Validation of a Doppler technique for beat-to-beat measurement of cardiac output.
AB  - We have measured aortic flow in the ascending aorta in man with a Bach-Simpson
      BVM 202 blood velocity meter, and aortic root diameter by M-mode
      echocardiography, and thus derived beat-to-beat cardiac output (Q). We tested the
      technique in 21 patients (53 comparisons) with various cardiovascular problems
      against a thermodilution method, and in four normal subjects at rest and two
      levels of exercise (50 and 100 W) against a nitrous oxide rebreathing method. We
      obtained excellent overall correlation in a range of 0.5-10 litres/min (r = 0.98,
      n = 77, sy,x = 0.48 litre/min), the formula for the least squares regression
      being: (Q Doppler) = 0.95 (Q Thermodilution/N2O) + 0.11 litre/min. The Doppler
      signal is sufficiently noise-free to obtain maximum acceleration of flow from the
      first derivative of velocity.

PMID- 4042541
TI  - A circadian rhythm of proteinuria in patients with a nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Circadian variations in proteinuria were studied in 17 patients with different
      types of glomerulopathies. During 3-4 successive days urine was collected over
      periods of 3 h under standardized conditions. Thirteen of the 17 patients showed
      a circadian rhythm of their proteinuria with a maximum excretion in daytime
      around 16.00 hours and a minimum excretion at night around 03.00 hours. In the
      majority of patients the urinary excretory rhythms of albumin, transferrin and
      immunoglobulin G were 'in phase' with each other and with the circadian rhythm of
      total protein excretion. Nine patients had a larger degree of rhythmicity for
      immunoglobulin G than for transferrin excretion. In eight of them a circadian
      rhythm of the selectivity index of proteinuria was seen with the lowest index at
      night. No relation was observed between the circadian rhythm of proteinuria and
      the type of glomerulopathy.

PMID- 4042542
TI  - Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin in hypoxic lung disease with and without
      polycythaemia.
AB  - We studied 20 patients with chronic airflow obstruction, 10 patients without
      polycythaemia and 10 patients with compensatory polycythaemia having respectively
      mean red cell mass 24.7 (SD 4.2) and 47.8 (SD 7.5) ml/kg, mean daytime PaO2 7.6
      and 6.9 kPa, mean FEV1 0.85 and 0.821. Groups were matched for severity of
      daytime arterial hypoxaemia but nocturnal arterial oxygen desaturation was more
      severe in the patients with polycythaemia than in those without. We also studied
      six additional patients with chronic airflow obstruction and polycythaemia and 19
      normal controls. Estimates of serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (siEp) in those
      without polycythaemia were 19 m-i.u./ml (geometric mean) with 95% confidence
      range 11-35 m-i.u./ml and stable during 3 months. In those with polycythaemia
      they were similar and consistent in five and, in the other five, higher on at
      least one occasion. There was no significant difference between siEp in daytime
      (12.00 hours to 16.00 hours) and morning (07.00 hours) samples but geometric mean
      estimates of erythropoietin in paired daytime and morning samples were higher and
      more variable in patients with polycythaemia than in those without. The geometric
      mean estimate of siEp in all patients with chronic airflow obstruction and
      polycythaemia was greater than in normal subjects but, despite secondary
      polycythaemia, siEp could be in the range for normal subjects. In the patients
      with polycythaemia we were unable to predict the finding of normal or elevated
      siEp. Changes in siEp after erythrapheresis (10-26% reduction in packed cell
      volume) were observed in the 10 patients with polycythaemia and in one without.
      One month after erythrapheresis, packed cell volume remained below and siEp was
      above initial pretreatment levels, implying an erythropoietin secretory response
      and that the development of secondary polycythaemia had induced a fall in siEp.

PMID- 4042543
TI  - Changes in plasma free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol and noradrenaline
      levels after acute alcohol administration.
AB  - The effects of alcohol (0.9 g/kg) compared with placebo (400 ml of orange juice)
      on plasma noradrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol levels, and on
      erect and supine blood pressures and heart rates, were studied in eight normal
      male volunteers. Alcohol caused a rise in noradrenaline levels that commenced
      approximately 30 min after drinking and lasted about 4 h. In contrast, 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol levels fell immediately after alcohol
      administration and remained low for at least 6 h. Acute alcohol administration
      alters noradrenaline catabolism, and may have a dual effect of increasing
      noradrenaline release and decreasing noradrenaline clearance. Alcohol caused a
      transient rise in erect and supine blood pressures that preceded the rise in
      plasma noradrenaline. Thereafter erect blood pressures fell compared with
      control. This fall was associated with a progressive rise in both supine and
      erect rates, and reached a maximum several hours after the maximum levels of
      blood alcohol. The major effect of acute alcohol administration is to lower blood
      pressure and induce a reflex tachycardia. Changes in noradrenaline and 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol levels did not readily explain changes in blood
      pressure or heart rate, suggesting that alcohol induced changes in noradrenaline
      metabolism occur largely independent of changes in blood pressure and heart rate.

PMID- 4042544
TI  - A technique for the measurement of orthophosphate in human erythrocytes, and some
      studies of its determinants.
AB  - A technique is described for the determination of orthophosphate (Pi) in human
      erythrocytes. The advantages of the technique are that it uses whole blood rather
      than separated erythrocytes, that it avoids major hydrolysis of organic
      phosphates, that it takes account of incomplete recovery of Pi and that it
      minimizes the effects of chilling the cells. In chilled samples from 46 patients
      in an intensive care unit, the cellular concentration of Pi was proportional to
      that in plasma. Blood samples from nine normal subjects were incubated at 37
      degrees C. The cellular Pi was 0.79 mmol/litre of cells using an external
      standardization and 0.67 using an internal standardization. When the same cell
      samples were chilled on ice for 30 min, the internally standardized value
      decreased further to 0.57 mmol/litre of cells. These results suggest that
      differences in recovery, and the extent of chilling, contribute to the
      variability in the previously reported values for erythrocyte Pi. If Pi, like
      chloride, had distributed passively between cells and plasma in these samples,
      the cell to plasma molar concentration ratio for Pi should have been 0.29,
      compared with the measured value of 0.64. This difference suggests that some
      factor, in addition to passive diffusion, determined the distribution of Pi.

PMID- 4042545
TI  - Phosphate metabolism in erythrocytes of critically ill patients.
AB  - Orthophosphate (Pi), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5'-triphosphate
      (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) were measured in the erythrocytes of
      patients in an intensive care unit. The patients' plasma concentration of Pi
      varied from 0.1 to 4.2 mmol/l, and the corresponding concentration in
      erythrocytes varied from 0.1 to 2.0 mmol/litre of cells. Marked ATP depletion
      (less than 1 mmol/litre of cells) was only observed when erythrocyte Pi was less
      than 0.3 mmol/litre of cells and plasma Pi was less than 0.35 mmol/l. No
      dependence of 2,3-DPG concentration on the cellular concentration of Pi was
      detected. The phosphorylation potential [ATP]/([ADP] X [Pi]) varied inversely
      with the erythrocyte concentration of Pi. Hence the calculated free energy of
      hydrolysis of ATP in the cell increased from -58 kJ/mol in the most
      hypophosphataemic samples to -51 kJ/mol in the most hyperphosphataemic. Such
      changes may adversely affect cell function by altering the steady state mass
      action ratios of ATPase reactions. When erythrocytes from normal donors were
      incubated in solutions containing 1 or 5 mmol/l Pi, the cellular concentrations
      of Pi stabilized at 1.09 and 2.85 mmol/litre of cells respectively. The
      corresponding rates of lactate production were 2.09 and 3.11 mmol h-1 litre-1 of
      cells. In spite of this stimulation of glycolysis (and hence of the flux through
      ATP synthesizing steps of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway), no significant change in
      ATP concentration was observed. As in the patients' cells, this indicates that,
      when extracellular Pi concentrations are perturbed, the concentrations, in
      erythrocytes, of organic phosphates are more closely regulated than the
      concentration of Pi.

PMID- 4042546
TI  - Twenty-four hour hormonal and metabolic profiles in uraemic patients before and
      during treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Circulating intermediary metabolite and hormone concentrations were measured at
      intervals over 24 h in five uraemic patients before starting dialysis and after 3
      months' treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and in 13
      non-uraemic normal controls. Fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations were
      significantly raised in uraemic patients undialysed and on CAPD but 24 h mean (+/
      SEM) levels fell from 6.63 +/- 0.40 to 6.00 +/- 0.26 mmol/l (P less than 0.02)
      after 3 months' dialysis despite peritoneal glucose absorption. Insulin levels
      were raised in uraemic patients but were unchanged by CAPD. Uraemia was
      associated with raised levels of the gluconeogenic precursors lactate and alanine
      and a further rise in fasting and 24 h mean alanine concentrations occurred with
      CAPD. Fasting total ketone body concentrations were raised in undialysed uraemic
      patients but concentrations were suppressed throughout the 24 h in CAPD subjects.
      Fasting triglyceride concentrations were increased in uraemic subjects and mean
      24 h levels rose by 30% from 1.55 +/- 0.42 mmol/l before dialysis to 2.02 +/-
      0.59 mmol/l during CAPD. Non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were low in
      uraemic patients and remained low during CAPD. Undialysed and dialysed uraemic
      patients displayed raised plasma glucagon concentrations throughout the 24 h,
      suppression of the normal nocturnal secretion of growth hormone and raised mean
      cortisol levels, which were 23% (CAPD) to 57% (undialysed) higher than in normal
      controls. The endocrine and metabolic abnormalities of uraemia are not fully
      corrected by CAPD. Many of the additional changes observed during CAPD reflect an
      adaptation to the constant absorption of peritoneal glucose.

PMID- 4042547
TI  - Effects of age on body temperature and blood pressure in cold environments.
AB  - Mean deep body temperature fell by 0.4 +/- 0.1 (SD) degrees C in five sedentary,
      clothed 63-70 year old men and by 0.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C in four young adults
      after 2 h exposure in still air at 6 degrees C (P less than 0.001). The mean
      increase in systolic and diastolic pressure was significantly greater (P less
      than 0.002) in the older subjects (24 +/- 4 mmHg systolic, 13 +/- 4 mmHg
      diastolic) than in the young (14 +/- 6 mmHg systolic, 7 +/- 3 mmHg diastolic)
      after 2 h at 6 degrees C. A small rise in blood pressure occurred in the older
      men at 12 degrees C, but there was no increase in either group at 15 degrees C.
      The association of variables is particularly marked between systolic blood
      pressure and core temperature changes at 6 degrees C. There were no appreciable
      cold-adaptive changes in blood pressure or thermoregulatory responses after 7-10
      days repeated exposure to 6 degrees C for 4 h each day. Blood pressure elevation
      in the cold was slower but more marked in the older men. These changes in blood
      pressure may provide a possible basis for delineating low domestic limiting
      temperature conditions.

PMID- 4042548
TI  - Abnormal vascular function and morphology in pre-eclampsia: a study of isolated
      resistance vessels.
AB  - In order to obtain direct information about vascular changes associated with pre
      eclampsia, the morphological and functional characteristics of isolated omental
      resistance vessels from 11 women with pre-eclampsia, 10 normotensive pregnant
      women and eight normotensive non-pregnant women were determined. In vessels from
      the women with pre-eclampsia, the ratio of media thickness to lumen diameter was
      increased, compared with that in vessels from the other two groups. The vessels
      from the women with pre-eclampsia had an increased responsiveness to angiotensin
      II and a decreased rate of relaxation, but only when compared with the vessels
      from the normotensive pregnant women. However, no difference in responsiveness to
      noradrenaline was found between any of the groups. The angiotensin II
      responsiveness of the vessels from the women with pre-eclampsia and from the non
      pregnant women were similar, suggesting that pre-eclampsia is associated with an
      absence of the change in vascular function which normally occurs during
      pregnancy. The study provides direct evidence for an involvement of vascular
      abnormalities in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 4042549
TI  - Beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness and plasma catecholamines as determinants of
      cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress.
AB  - Twenty-five normotensive men were subjected to two periods of mental stress
      involving a cognitive task and a competitive electronic game. Plasma
      catecholamines, heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and during
      mental stress. Responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation was also
      determined in each subject by measurement of heart rate responses to bolus
      injections of isoprenaline. Both periods of mental stress were associated with
      significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and
      plasma adrenaline, but not plasma noradrenaline. Heart rate responses to mental
      stress varied widely, with increases ranging from 1 to 48 (mean +/- SD 13.5 +/-
      10.6) beats/min for the cognitive task and from 2 to 49 (20.4 +/- 14.0) beats/min
      for the electronic game. Systolic blood pressure responses also varied widely and
      showed significant positive correlations with heart rate responses. Significant
      relationships were found between heart rate responses to both forms of mental
      stress and cardiac sensitivity to isoprenaline, subjects with low responsiveness
      to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation tending to have smaller heart rate responses to
      mental stress than subjects with high responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor
      stimulation. Relationships were also found between plasma adrenaline responses
      and heart rate responses to mental stress, although these did not reach
      significance. Considerably improved relationships were found when heart rate
      responses were correlated with a single variable generated from the product of
      the adrenaline response and the inverse of the dose of isoprenaline required to
      raise heart rate by 25 beats/min. It is concluded that wide variation is shown
      between different individuals in responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation
      and that this is an important factor in the variability between individuals in
      heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses to mental stress. Both
      catecholamines and adrenoceptor-mediated responses to catecholamines should be
      examined when determining the physiological basis for differences in
      cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress between individuals or groups.

PMID- 4042550
TI  - A new approach to non-invasive quantitative study of hepatic haemodynamics using
      radiocolloids in vivo.
AB  - A non-invasive radioisotopic method for the study of liver haemodynamics is
      described. Data collected by means of a computerised gamma camera for about 4 min
      after intravenous administration of 99Tcm human serum albumin colloids were
      analysed using a new mathematical model formulated on a physiopathological basis.
      Several quantities of possible clinical interest were determined, namely
      parameters related to liver blood flows, intrahepatic shunts, the intrahepatic
      space of distribution of the tracer, transit times and extraction efficiency.
      Results are not affected, within certain limits, by the shape of the radioactive
      bolus and, with the exception of extraction efficiency, they appear to be
      independent of the size of the radiocolloidal particle. The dose employed (3-4
      mCi) is comparable with that used in liver scintigraphy. Results in 19 subjects
      with normal liver function, 45 patients with liver cirrhosis and 7 patients with
      focal liver lesions were in good agreement, from a quantitative viewpoint, with
      known physiopathological data, thus validating this method in comparison with
      other more traumatic and/or less practical techniques, which provide less
      complete information on liver haemodynamics. The method proposed appears to be
      sufficiently accurate, reproducible, safe and practical, and may thus be
      considered suitable for routine use in the assessment of functional aspects of
      liver perfusion for clinical purposes.

PMID- 4042552
TI  - A new laser interferometer for the stimulation of pattern-reversal visual evoked
      potentials.
AB  - A laser interferometer for visual-evoked-potential (VEP) stimulation that allows
      a rapid pattern reversal in less than 0.5 ms and a continuous variation of the
      spatial frequency of the pattern is described. The interferometer is applied for
      the assessment of objective visual acuity. The Fourier transform of the VEP
      response to the rapid pattern reversal shows an extremely small bandwidth.

PMID- 4042551
TI  - Effects of changes in heart rate and atrial filling pressure on the performance
      characteristics of isolated perfused pumping rat hearts.
AB  - Biomechanical indices of left ventricular performance were measured and computed
      by an on-line minicomputer in 13 isolated perfused working rat hearts subjected
      to a regimen of left atrial filling pressures and heart rates, to determine
      perfusion conditions for optimum heart work. We found that maximum values of most
      of the indices are achieved at a left atrial filling pressure of 20 to 25 cm H2O
      and a heart rate of 330 to 360 beats/min. Most of the performance indices when
      considered as functions of left atrial filling pressure display Starling-type
      behaviour: they rise with increasing left atrial pressure, reach a maximum at 20
      to 25 cm H2O, and decline with further increases in left atrial pressure. Values
      for left ventricular (dP/dt)max, between 6000 to 8000 mm Hg s-1, and -(dP/dt)min,
      between 4000 to 6000 mm Hg s-1, are considerably higher than values previously
      reported. We believe this to be due to improved sampling techniques.

PMID- 4042553
TI  - Calibration and measurement of the inhaled smoke volume in cigarette smoking.

PMID- 4042554
TI  - A sound stimulator with electronic memory for testing infants' hearing.

PMID- 4042555
TI  - The claimed vasodilatory effect of a commercial permanent magnet foil: results of
      a double-blind trial.

PMID- 4042556
TI  - Comment on "Photon scattering measurements of calcaneal bone density: results of
      in vivo longitudinal studies'.

PMID- 4042557
TI  - Oral acyclovir pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 4042558
TI  - Change in enzyme content and manufacturer of Viokase.

PMID- 4042559
TI  - Gastrointestinal transit times of cathartics used with activated charcoal.

PMID- 4042560
TI  - Theophylline pharmacokinetics in paraplegic subjects.

PMID- 4042561
TI  - Reservoir aerosol delivery systems.

PMID- 4042562
TI  - Metallic taste associated with tetracycline therapy.

PMID- 4042563
TI  - Primary acquired sideroblastic anaemia and myeloproliferative disease: a report
      on three cases.
AB  - Three patients who presented with primary acquired sideroblastic anaemia (PASA)
      later developed myelofibrosis (MF). As both are clonal disorders a second
      mutation is suggested.

PMID- 4042564
TI  - Fresh frozen plasma in the treatment of chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic
      purpura in adults: evidence for potentiating effect of vincristine.
AB  - Five adult patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) were
      given fresh frozen plasma infusion (FFP) as an alternative to intravenous gamma
      globulin (IV Ig). The effect of vincristine (VCR) and other agents given
      concomitantly is discussed and a synergistic phenomenon between VCR and FFP is
      proposed. This approach may provide a rational and economical alternative to the
      use of IV Ig in the treatment of chronic ATP in adults and it is hoped that a
      prospective trial can be initiated.

PMID- 4042565
TI  - Quality of oral anticoagulant therapy.
AB  - Three hundred and eighty-four patients were studied for up to 1 year while on
      continuous oral anticoagulant therapy and the quality of control of therapy was
      assessed. Two hundred and thirty-five patients were on continuous therapy
      throughout the year (long-term group), 73 were treated for a period between 3 and
      12 months (intermediate group) and 76 were treated for less than 3 months (short
      term group). The therapeutic objective was to achieve and maintain British Ratio
      (BR) between 2.0 and 4.0. Nineteen percent of the results in the long-term group,
      26.6% in the intermediate group and 41.1% in the short-term group fell outside
      this range. Among the long-term group only 25.1% and in the intermediate group
      12.3% had all their results within the control range. It is concluded that the
      quality of therapeutic control of oral anticoagulant therapy needs to be
      improved.

PMID- 4042566
TI  - In-vivo neutrophil migration and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in sickle cell
      disease.
AB  - In order to determine the contribution of neutrophil malfunction to the
      phenomenon of enhanced susceptibility of sickle cell disease patients to
      bacterial infection, the in-vivo neutrophil migration capacity in 23 sickle cell
      patients and in 14 normal controls; and the neutrophil reduction of nitroblue
      tetrazolium dye in 74 sickle cell patients and in 78 normal controls were
      studied. Secondarily the usefulness of the NBT test in distinguishing between
      osteomyelitis and uncomplicated bone pain was examined. No impairment of
      neutrophil migratory capacity was evident as no significant difference was
      observed between the mean migrated neutrophil count in the sickle cell subjects
      (1.99 X 10(9)/1) and that in normal controls (2.08 X 10(9)/1). The mean NBT
      scores were 19.9 +/- 8.9% in non-infected controls and 41.3 +/- 14.6% in infected
      controls (P less than 0.001). In sickle cell disease they were 23.6 +/- 6% in
      steady state subjects, 29.2 +/- 16.4% in sterile painful crises, 42.9 +/- 15% in
      non-osteomyelitic bacterial infection (P less than 0.001) and 18.9 +/- 4.2%
      during osteomyelitis. Thus all sickle cell subjects apart from those with
      osteomyelitis showed significant increases in the NBT scores during bacterial
      infection. The low score in sickle cell osteomyelitis is possibly associated with
      a relative neutrophil phagocytic defect which requires further elucidation. The
      NBT test was not useful in distinguishing uncomplicated painful crisis from early
      osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease.

PMID- 4042567
TI  - An assessment of the Ortho ELT-800 WBC and three-part WBC screen.
AB  - The ELT-800 WBC and three-part WBC screen have been evaluated. Technical
      assessment showed each to be satisfactory but in a small number of samples, the
      total WBC was found to be incorrect. Discrepancies were found in some cases of
      chronic lymphatic leukaemia, sickle cell disease and paraproteinaemia. The
      reasons for these differences are discussed. In the population studied, an
      accurate WBC screen was obtained on 87.3% of samples. Initial instrument WBC
      screen rejection occurred on 12.7% but in only 2.1% could no explanation be found
      to account for this.

PMID- 4042568
TI  - An evaluation of the Sequoia-Turner Cell Dyn 900.
AB  - A formal evaluation of the Sequoia-Turner Cell Dyn 900, a compact eight-parameter
      semi-automated blood cell counter, was carried out in a small paediatric
      haematology laboratory. The instrument's precision, linearity and carry-over were
      adequate. Comparison with a Coulter ZF6 system plus visual platelet count showed
      good agreement, and results in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme
      also compared well with 'all methods' values. Throughput was assessed at 54 eight
      parameter counts per hour. The machine proved to be reasonably economical, highly
      reliable and easy to operate. It was popular with staff and can be recommended,
      particularly for the smaller laboratory.

PMID- 4042569
TI  - A rapid technique for the estimation of fibrinogen.

PMID- 4042570
TI  - Use of danazol in the hereditary coagulation disorder hypofibrinogenaemia.

PMID- 4042571
TI  - Hypersensitivity to folic acid therapy.

PMID- 4042572
TI  - Ammonia metabolism during exercise in man.
AB  - Physical exercise is accompanied by increased plasma levels of ammonia but it is
      not known whether this rise primarily reflects accelerated formation in muscle or
      decreased removal by the liver. Consequently, leg and splanchnic exchange of
      ammonia was examined, using the catheter technique, in 11 healthy subjects at
      rest, during three consecutive 15 min periods of bicycle exercise at gradually
      increasing work loads (35%, 55% and 80% of maximum oxygen uptake) and for 60 min
      during post-exercise recovery. The basal arterial ammonia level was 22 +/- 2
      mumol/l, the concentration rose curvilinearly in response to increasing work
      loads (peak value 84 +/- 12 mumol/l), and fell rapidly after exercise, reaching
      basal levels after 30-60 min. A linear regression was found for ammonia levels in
      relation to lactate concentrations at rest and during exercise (r = 0.85, P less
      than 0.001). A significant relationship was also observed between arterial
      ammonia and alanine levels (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). Leg tissues showed a
      net uptake of ammonia in the basal state (2.4 +/- 0.5 mumol/min). During exercise
      this changed to a net production, which increased curvilinearly with rising work
      intensity (peak value 46 +/- 15 mumol/min) but reverted to a net ammonia uptake
      at 30-60 min after exercise. Splanchnic ammonia uptake (basal 12 +/- 2 mumol/min)
      did not change in response to exercise but increased transiently during the early
      post-exercise period. From the above observations we conclude that the
      hyperammonaemia of exercise comes primarily from muscle release, while the
      splanchnic removal of ammonia is essentially unaltered. Part of the ammonia
      formed in contracting muscle is most likely used in the synthesis of amino acids,
      mainly glutamine and probably alanine.

PMID- 4042573
TI  - A simplified technique for measurements of energy expenditure and substrate
      oxidation in man.
AB  - A technique is described for simultaneous measurements of energy expenditure and
      oxidation of exogenous substrates in man. The equipment comprised a semi-opened
      respiratory hood operated by a negative-flow pressure of the gas flow through the
      system. The system was constructed by assembling commercially available
      components with high analytical precision into an integrated constellation. We
      present results of instrument accuracy, assessed by calibration, and the
      coefficient of variation (CV) for calibration procedures of the total system, as
      well as findings with regard to the degree of reproducibility of applied
      investigations on both healthy volunteers and hospitalized patients. The overall
      coefficient of variation was 3-4% of the mean values for RQ and energy
      expenditure. This includes both biological and methodological variation. The cost
      of this system is less than that for a commercially available system with a
      similar performance.

PMID- 4042575
TI  - Reproducibility of coronary haemodynamics and cardiac metabolism during pacing
      induced angina pectoris.
AB  - The reproducibility of coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) (thermodilution
      technique) and myocardial metabolism (exchange of oxygen, lactate, free fatty
      acids, glucose, citrate, glutamate and alanine) during two identical pacing
      periods separated by 45 min were studied in eight patients with chronic coronary
      artery disease. The mean of the individual difference (delta-values) between
      values during the first (T1) and second (T2) test, at corresponding times (rest,
      pacing and after 3-5 min of recovery), were calculated and expressed as a
      percentage of the resting level of each parameter in order to assess their
      reproducibility. All patients experienced angina pectoris during both pacing
      sessions, and pacetime to onset of symptoms did not differ between the tests.
      Group values for haemodynamics and exchange of metabolites were acceptably
      reproducible throughout the period under study. Mean delta-values of CSBF ranged
      from 10% to 16% and myocardial oxygen uptake from 14% to 22% in relation to the
      resting levels. In contrast, mean delta-values of metabolites ranged from 5% to
      136% in relation to the respective A-V differences during the study. The greatest
      variation occurred during pacing and of all the metabolites lactate exchange
      varied most. A spontaneous variation in the degree of ischaemia during repeat
      stress tests might be the major reason for the metabolite variability. Changes in
      CSBF, however, tended to correlate inversely to the delta-aortocoronary sinus
      differences of substrates during pacing. Precision of chemical analysis and blood
      sampling technique were of minor importance for the variability. Since lactate
      exchange varied most, the study suggests that additional measurements should be
      made of more metabolites when assessing the efficacy of therapy by means of
      myocardial metabolism.

PMID- 4042574
TI  - Autonomic cardiovascular responses in old age.
AB  - The effect of age on autonomically mediated cardiovascular responses to certain
      manoeuvres was studied in 15, healthy, old men and women (60-80 years). The
      results were compared with groups of healthy young (about 25 years) and middle
      aged (about 45 years) subjects. There was no significant reduction in
      cardiovascular responses between the young and middle-aged groups. Respiratory
      sinus arrhythmia, and heart rate, blood-pressure and contralateral forearm blood
      flow increases to isometric hand grip, as well as the heart rate decrease during
      a dive reflex test, were significantly attenuated in the old age group. The
      Valsalva ratio, and the heart rate and blood-pressure changes during an 8 min
      orthostatic test did not differ between the old and the two younger age groups.
      There seems to be only a moderate attenuation of autonomic cardiovascular
      responses to about 60 years, after which there is a more rapid decline. The
      difference in reduction between different responses, even those mediated by the
      same type of autonomic nerve, suggests that the decreased responses are not due
      to an isolated impaired function of the peripheral autonomic nerve. The
      impairment may be due to the receptor organ or a combination of defects in
      function of several parts of the autonomic nervous system in old age.

PMID- 4042576
TI  - An evaluation of finger systolic-pressure response to local cooling in the
      diagnosis of primary Raynaud's phenomenon.
AB  - Finger systolic-pressure (FSP) in response to local cooling has been evaluated as
      a diagnostic test in 28 females with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP). The mean
      FSP (%) at 15 degrees C and 10 degrees C was significantly lower in the patients
      than in 28 age- and sex-matched controls but there was a large overlap in the
      individual responses. Diagnostic sensitivity of FSP (%) at 10 degrees C was only
      57%. Increasing the sensitivity of the test lowered the specificity as the number
      of false positives rose. This also reduced the predictive value for a positive
      test. As a diagnostic test of PRP in individuals, the measurement of FSP appears
      to be of limited value, except in severe cases when complete vessel closure often
      occurs. Measurement of FSP will classify groups correctly and this objective
      physiological measure of Raynaud's phenomenon may have a place in group
      comparisons.

PMID- 4042577
TI  - The influence of transducer position on the M-mode echocardiographic measurement
      of the left atrial dimension.
AB  - Eighty-five subjects were investigated to see if the left atrial dimension (LAD)
      determined by M-mode echocardiography varies with different placements of the
      transducer in the parasternal long-axis view. Satisfactory images from the third
      and fourth intercostal spaces were obtained in all subjects. A satisfactory image
      from the second, third and fourth intercostal spaces was obtained in 58 subjects
      and from the third, fourth and fifth intercostal spaces in 27 subjects. The mean
      LAD was significantly smaller (P less than 0.001) in the fourth intercostal space
      than in the third. The mean value obtained from the fifth intercostal space was
      smaller than that from the fourth. The beam pathway seen on the two-dimensional
      echocardiogram indicates that the transducer should preferably be placed in the
      third intercostal space. If the transducer is placed in a lower intercostal space
      the measured left atrial dimension might be underestimated.

PMID- 4042579
TI  - [Cardioinhibitory carotid sinus syndrome: Holter monitoring does not change the
      clinical selection of patients for treatment].

PMID- 4042578
TI  - [Anti-platelet aggregation action and paradoxical effects of acetylsalicylic
      acid].

PMID- 4042580
TI  - [Case of pseudohyperaldosteronism caused by 9-alpha-fluoroprednisolone abuse].

PMID- 4042581
TI  - Symposium on nucleic acid probes and monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of
      infectious diseases.

PMID- 4042582
TI  - Osteoarthritis.

PMID- 4042583
TI  - On considerations of method and theory governing the use of clinical categories
      in neurolinguistics and cognitive neuropsychology: the case against agrammatism.

PMID- 4042584
TI  - Nutritional and lifestyle approaches to the prevention and management of
      hypertension.
AB  - We have been encouraged by the growing interest in nutrition and lifestyle for
      the prevention and treatment of hypertension. While no proven means for
      preventing hypertension exist, epidemiologic data have identified risk factors
      for hypertension. We have attempted to outline a reasonable program based on
      knowledge of risk factors for hypertension on one hand vs. the lack of data that
      hypertension can be prevented on the other. Managing patients who have
      hypertension with nondrug strategies is a different matter. First, more evidence
      is available indicating effectiveness for reducing a high pressure than for
      preventing a normotensive person from becoming hypertensive. Secondly,
      hypertension is a risk factor for premature cardiovascular morbidity and
      mortality. Thus, the risk-to-benefit ratio from intervening is tipped toward
      probability of benefit. Many of the nondrug therapies have been presented. It is
      unreasonable to expect a patient to adhere to every one. Therefore, patients with
      uncomplicated, newly diagnosed borderline and mild hypertension are given the
      range of modalities available and assisted in choosing those best suited to their
      lifestyle. The nondrug efforts are tried for three to six months in patients with
      uncomplicated mild hypertension. We advocate evaluating responses to the nondrug
      approaches with blood pressures measured both in and outside the office. Blood
      pressures measured by the patient at work and rest have been very valuable in our
      practice. If no antihypertensive benefit is seen, then most of these patients
      receive standard antihypertensive drugs. For those who have complete or partial
      success, the nondrug efforts are continued or reinforced with follow-up every
      three to six months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042585
TI  - Dietary habits and blood chemistry levels of the stress-prone individual: the hot
      reactor.

PMID- 4042586
TI  - Aging and nutrition.

PMID- 4042587
TI  - Cardiovascular risks from very low calorie diets.

PMID- 4042588
TI  - Calories and chemically induced tumors in rodents.

PMID- 4042589
TI  - Iron deficiency and its functional consequences.

PMID- 4042590
TI  - Compliance in dietary management of hypertension.
AB  - Relapse is a problem common to all behavior-change programs, including weight
      reduction and salt-restriction programs. The process of relapse can be understood
      in the context of the way that emotional, social, and environmental forces
      impinge upon the individual's behavior. The data on compliance suggest that
      behavior modification programs are moderately efficient in producing changes in
      eating behavior. Relapse prevention programs are recommended as part of a dietary
      approach to the treatment of hypertension to increase treatment efficiency. If
      these programs are implemented using a group format, then these services can be
      delivered to patients at a reasonable cost.

PMID- 4042591
TI  - Nutrition and the elderly: helping the elderly help themselves.

PMID- 4042592
TI  - Carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia: current methods of treatment.

PMID- 4042593
TI  - Treatment of thyroid cancer.

PMID- 4042594
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules.

PMID- 4042595
TI  - Unconventional cancer therapy.

PMID- 4042596
TI  - Psychosocial considerations in the treatment of leukemia.

PMID- 4042597
TI  - Long-term effects of cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - As the management of advanced malignancy with multimodality therapy becomes more
      successful, the practicing general physician will see more chronic and late
      sequelae of therapy in the cured cancer patient. Chronic or late toxicities may
      occur in nearly every organ system. This article has briefly described the most
      common late toxicities that the practicing internist, pediatrician, family
      physician, and obstetrician/gynecologist should be prepared to recognize.

PMID- 4042598
TI  - Cancer screening: the primary care physician's role.

PMID- 4042599
TI  - Caring for patients with cancer: how stressful is it for the physician?

PMID- 4042600
TI  - In vitro formation of fine fibrils with a D-periodic banding pattern from type V
      collagen.
AB  - Type V collagen was isolated from human placenta by limited pepsin treatment and
      purified by salt fractionation. A solution of type V collagen was dialyzed at 4
      degrees C against phosphate-buffered saline or against 0.02 M Na2HPO4. Aggregates
      formed under these in vitro conditions from a pure type V collagen solution were
      examined by electron microscopy. The aggregates were fine flexible fibrils. The
      fibrils formed during incubation at 25 degrees C were of relatively uniform
      diameter, 34.8 +/- 9.1 nm and did not show an axial banding pattern. When the
      specimen was incubated at 37 degrees C, the fibrils were of slightly larger
      diameter, 38.2 +/- 9.1 nm and almost all the fibrils had the axial repeat pattern
      of 67 nm. The ability of type V collagen to form banding fibrils is discussed in
      relation in the localization of the collagen in tissues.

PMID- 4042601
TI  - High post-translational modification levels in type II procollagen are not a
      consequence of slow triple-helix formation.
AB  - The kinetics of triple helix formation of newly synthesized type II procollagen
      in chick embryo sternal cartilage cells were determined. The data obtained were
      in agreement with a model for triple helix formation in cellulo proposed recently
      (Bruckner et al., 1981). The time required to produce fully triple helical type
      II procollagen in cartilage cells was only 30% longer than for type I procollagen
      in tendon cells. Therefore, the several-fold increase in post-translational
      modification observed for type II collagen as compared to type I collagen cannot
      be attributed solely to slow helix formation but rather is a result of higher
      levels of enzymic activity of post-translational modification present in
      cartilage cells.

PMID- 4042602
TI  - Electron microscopic demonstration of acid-labile, 4D-staggered intermolecular
      association of collagen formed in vitro.
AB  - The formation of acid-labile, unidirectional, and 4D-staggered dimers and
      polymers of collagen molecules in solutions at pH 4.0 and 4.5 has been
      demonstrated under the electron microscope. Collagen molecules extracted from
      lathyritic rat skin was dialyzed from 0.5 M acetic acid sequentially against 5-10
      mM acetate buffer (pH 4-4.5) at 4 degrees C for 3-4 days, 0.3% glutaraldehyde in
      the same buffers for further 2 days, 0.5 M acetic acid, and then against 0.2% ATP
      X Na2/0.1 M acetic acid. Fibrous, unidirectional segment-long-spacing (SLS) forms
      were observed with 0.4D overlap between adjacent segments. Such a form was not
      observed when glutaraldehyde fixation step was omitted or when SLS was formed
      directly from the acidic solution; in both cases, monomeric SLS was only
      observed. It is concluded that collagen molecules, dispersed monomeric in acidic
      pH, form unidirectional linear dimers or polymers in which the molecules are
      associated with 0.4D overlap (4D stagger) at pH 4-4.5.

PMID- 4042603
TI  - Specific binding of collagen to Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - In this study the specific binding of soluble type I collagen to several strains
      of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. Both type I procollagen and soluble,
      pepsin-treated, lathyritic rat skin type I collagen bound to these bacteria in a
      manner which could be blocked by the addition of gelatin to the binding assay.
      Saturation binding studies showed more than one class of binding sites for [125
      I]-lathyritic rat skin collagen to be present with each bacterium of the Cowan I
      strain containing approximately 135 high affinity sites with an apparent KA of
      2.3 X 10(7)M-1. Like Cowan I strain, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)
      strain 25923 also bound type I collagen. IgG inhibited collagen binding in a dose
      dependent manner. This observation together with the finding that the protein A
      deficient Wood strain did not bind collagen suggested that protein A might be the
      collagen binding site. However, failure of protein A-Sepharose to bind soluble
      collagen or protein A in solution to inhibit binding of collagen to Cowan I cells
      suggests that bacterial protein A does not mediate the binding. Addition of
      fibronectin to the binding assay did not affect the level of collagen binding,
      suggesting a) that the collagen binding site is different from the fibronectin
      binding site and b) that fibronectin does not mediate the binding of collagen to
      these cells. These results demonstrate a new example of bacterial binding to an
      extracellular matrix protein and suggest a possible mechanism whereby
      Staphylococcus aureus may adhere to mammalian tissue.

PMID- 4042604
TI  - Standard perinatal data: suggestions for regular review of facilities for
      perinatal care within a regional health authority.

PMID- 4042605
TI  - Monitoring preventive maternity and child health services in health authorities.

PMID- 4042606
TI  - The organization of district information services.

PMID- 4042608
TI  - How many districts have food and health policies?

PMID- 4042607
TI  - Accuracy of recall of surgical histories: a comparison of postal survey data and
      general practice records.

PMID- 4042610
TI  - What is under a blue flashing light? Community expressed need for the emergency
      ambulance service.

PMID- 4042609
TI  - A study of the nutrient content of hospital meals.

PMID- 4042611
TI  - Legionnaires disease in Reading--possible association with a cooling tower.

PMID- 4042612
TI  - A science lesson, a castor oil plant seed and a Salford schoolboy.

PMID- 4042613
TI  - Communicable disease report. January to March 1985.

PMID- 4042614
TI  - Contribution of nesting experience to progesterone-induced incubation in ring
      doves (Streptopelia risoria).
AB  - Injections of progesterone induce incubation behavior in gonadally intact ring
      doves only if the doves have had previous experience with at least the nest
      building phase of a breeding cycle. The present study was designed to determine
      whether exposure to progesterone during the nest-building phase is sufficient to
      account for the ability of progesterone to induce incubation at a later time or
      whether some other factor provided by experience with this phase of the cycle is
      needed. Six groups of 10 pairs of doves each were provided with different
      combinations of experience and progesterone priming. Progesterone priming
      combined with social isolation or with courtship experience had no significant
      effect on subsequent progesterone-induced incubation. However, doves that
      participated in the nesting phase of the cycle during progesterone priming later
      incubated in response to progesterone treatment. Nesting activity, which may or
      may not include building the nest, seemed to be the relevant experience.

PMID- 4042615
TI  - Ventral scent marking in Meriones unguiculatus may contribute to
      thermoregulation.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted with adult male Meriones unguiculatus in an
      attempt to demonstrate that ventral scent marking can act to transfer body heat
      to the object marked. Experiment 1 showed that surgical removal of the ventral
      gland pad reduced the amount of heat transferred by 50%, even though intact and
      glandless animals did not differ in the average frequency of scent marking.
      Experiment 2 demonstrated that the difference in heat transfer due to the
      presence or absence of the scent pad was not due to differential pressure applied
      to the substrate during marking. Experiment 3 showed that the pattern of ventral
      hair spread that occurs as an animal moves over an object is different between
      intact and glandless animals but that this difference does not account for the
      difference in heat transfer. It is suggested that heat transfer to the
      environment with ventral scent marking may increase thermoregulatory competence
      and also may function to volatilize sebum used in chemocommunication.

PMID- 4042616
TI  - Latent inhibition experiments with goldfish (Carassius auratus).
AB  - Evidence of latent inhibition was sought in a series of experiments with
      goldfish. In Experiment 1, goldfish were given nonreinforced preexposure to a
      color that subsequently predicted shock in an activity conditioning situation;
      their performance did not differ from that of control animals preexposed to a
      markedly different color. In Experiment 2, a group of goldfish given
      nonreinforced preexposure to a tone and an unstimulated control group were
      trained in an appetitive situation, with the tone serving either as a conditioned
      excitor or as a conditioned inhibitor. Preexposure had no significant effect in
      the conditioned excitation training, but it reduced the level of responding both
      to the positive stimulus and to the negative compound in the conditioned
      inhibition training. In Experiments 3 and 4, classical aversive conditioning was
      studied in the shuttle box. In Experiment 3, excitatory conditioning to a color
      was found to be impaired (relative to the performance of nonpreexposed control
      animals) as much by nonreinforced preexposure to the training color as by
      nonreinforced preexposure to a markedly different color; substantial variation in
      amount of preexposure was without significant effect. In the conditioned
      inhibition training of Experiment 4, animals with nonreinforced preexposure
      responded less than did unstimulated control animals both to the positive
      stimulus and to the negative compound. The results for goldfish can be understood
      on the assumption that the effect of preexposure in these animals is simply to
      reduce general responsiveness or level of arousal.

PMID- 4042617
TI  - Responsiveness to estrous chemostimuli in male rats (Rattus norvegicus) of
      different ages.
AB  - Previous findings indicate that Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) respond
      differentially to estrous chemostimuli in early infancy and that adult male
      sexual responsiveness to such chemostimuli depends on infantile experience with
      suckling odors (Fillion & Blass, in press). The development of behavioral
      responsiveness to estrous chemostimuli in male rats from late infancy to
      adulthood was examined in this study. Preweanling, adolescent, and adult males
      were observed for 20 min in the presence of an anesthetized estrous or an
      anesthetized diestrous female. This was, for adolescent and adult subjects, the
      first heterosexual encounter since weaning. Rats in each age-group responded
      differentially according to female state, but in distinct, age-related ways.
      Preweanling spent more time investigating the female's body if she was estrous.
      Adults expressed the same affinity but by more focused investigation directed
      perivaginally. Adolescents showed no female-directed bias but groomed themselves
      more if the female was estrous. These data identify developmental continuities
      and discontinuities in male rat behavior toward sexually receptive females.

PMID- 4042618
TI  - Sex differences in urinary odors produced by young laboratory rats (Rattus
      norvegicus).
AB  - Responses of adult female rats to male and female pup urine were examined in
      three experiments. Investigatory sniffing of male and female pup urine deposits
      by maternal rats was compared in a series of simultaneous choice tests given at 3
      day intervals between Day 2 and Day 17 postpartum. Male urine was consistently
      preferred. Introduction of male, but not female, pup urine to the nest was also
      found to significantly elevate maternal licking of anogenital regions of pups.
      Thus, urine from pups of various ages contains sex-identifying odors that
      differentially elicit spontaneous maternal interest. The odor of male urine may
      provide a sufficient stimulus to account for the greater anogenital licking that
      males of this species normally receive. Nonmaternal, naive, adult females behaved
      like maternal rats, preferring male urine in the choice test. This indicates that
      the maternal condition of a dam is not necessary either for the olfactory
      discrimination or for the male odor preference.

PMID- 4042619
TI  - Penile responses of rats (Rattus norvegicus) in extended ex copula tests.
AB  - Prolonged tests of rats' penile responses outside the context of copulation (ex
      copula) were undertaken to facilitate analysis of these penile components of
      copulatory behavior. Penile erections and flips were evoked for 1 hr following
      penile sheath retraction (SR), and rats were retested for 30 min after a rest
      interval of 5 min to 4 hr. The number of penile responses declined sharply over
      the course of the hour. Following a 5-min rest, there was little likelihood of
      additional responses. Within 2 hr some measures of penile response potential
      approached their original high asymptotes; other measures were still depressed
      after 4-hr rest. In control tests, the penile sheath was unretracted (SU) during
      the first 60 min, and hence few or no penile responses occurred. This condition
      caused no reduction in the number of erections and flips in the subsequent 30-min
      SR test; hence the reduction in response potential during and after SR tests was
      due to the responses displayed, not to the conditions of restraint. Ejaculation
      occurred frequently in the SU condition but rarely in SR tests, results
      suggesting that sheath retraction may normally inhibit ejaculation in ex copula
      tests, and perhaps during copulation as well.

PMID- 4042620
TI  - Kinship and affiliative behavior patterns in a captive group of Celebes black
      apes (Macaca nigra).
AB  - The influence of matrilineal kinship on four socially affiliative behavior
      patterns--grooming, contact, proximity, and play--was studied in a little-known
      primate species, the Celebes black ape (Macaca nigra). Twenty group-living black
      apes, comprising four genealogical groups, were observed for more than 100 hr;
      data were collected by the instantaneous scan technique. Animals spent more time
      than was expected by chance grooming, in contact with, and in proximity to their
      matrilineal relatives, but they did not play with relatives more than was
      expected. The proximal mechanisms responsible for these results are unknown, and
      increased familiarity among matrilineal relatives may have influenced the
      interaction patterns in the group. The results obtained in this study are similar
      to those of many others that demonstrate differential behavior toward kin, and
      they are consistent with the theory that animals may increase their inclusive
      fitness by interacting preferentially with relatives.

PMID- 4042621
TI  - NADH-ferrihemoglobin reductase in avian erythrocytes.
AB  - The assay for NADH-ferrihemoglobin reductase (NADH-FR) was optimized for avian
      blood samples. In this assay the pH optimum for Japanese quail red cell NADH-FR
      was 5.5, which was close to the enzyme's pI. Enzyme kinetic parameters were
      determined for quail, chicken and turkey NADH-FR. Preparation of erythrocyte
      ghost-cells and subsequent fractionation showed that the enzyme was present in
      the plasma membrane as well as in the nuclear membrane, while Triton X-100
      treatment gave a release of enzyme activity from the membrane. In the cytosolar
      fraction of avian red cells no NADH-FR could be detected.

PMID- 4042622
TI  - Subcellular localisation of purine-metabolising enzymes in Leishmania mexicana
      mexicana.
AB  - Leishmania mexicana mexicana cultured promastigotes were fractionated by
      isopycnic centrifugation on linear sucrose gradients. Guanine, hypoxanthine and
      xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activities were found to be associated with
      glycosomes, whereas adenine phosphoribosyltransferase was cytosolic. 3'- and 5'
      nucleotidases and IMP dehydrogenase were shown to be particulate, the former two
      possibly being associated with the plasma membrane, IMP dehydrogenase with the
      endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleosidases and deaminases were found to be cytosolic.
      The results demonstrate that intracellular separation of enzymes could play a
      part in the regulation of the parasite's purine metabolism.

PMID- 4042623
TI  - Isolation and characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid from tissue of the woolly
      mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius.
AB  - DNA was isolated from tissue samples of several mammoth specimens, radiocarbon
      dated between 10,000 and 53,000 years old. The DNA was purified by chromatography
      on hydroxyapatite at 60 degrees C and was characterized as a heterogeneous
      population of fragments ranging in size from 3000 to 200 base pairs. Thermal
      denaturation analysis demonstrated that approximately 25% of the DNA had a base
      composition similar to Asian elephant DNA calculated as 36% G + C. Preliminary
      analysis by nucleic acid hybridization indicated that only a small fraction of
      DNA isolated from mammoth tissue (2-5%) was homologous to DNA of Asian elephant,
      a close living relative of the mammoth. Our results provide the first definitive
      isolation and characterization of DNA from ancient tissue and suggest a
      purification strategy that will lead to preparations of DNA from mammoth tissue
      significantly enriched in elephant-related DNA sequences.

PMID- 4042624
TI  - Biochemical characterization of lysozymes present in egg white of selected
      species of anatid birds.
AB  - The isolation of lysozyme from the egg white of several representative species of
      waterfowl is described. The purified lysozymes were analyzed to determine the
      type and molecular weight of each enzyme. All enzymes found in duck egg whites
      were found to be of the c-type. In contrast all true geese, and the mute swan
      species as well as the northern blackneck screamer contain lysozyme g in their
      egg white.

PMID- 4042625
TI  - Isolation and characterization of metmyoglobin reductase from yellowfin tuna
      (Thunnus albacares).
AB  - The isolation, purification, and characterization of metmyoglobin reductase from
      yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is described. The enzyme has been purified 120
      fold. Characterization of the enzyme includes molecular weight, isoelectric
      point, substrate specificity, enzyme kinetics, chromatographic behavior, and
      sensitivity to inhibitors. The physical and catalytic properties of the tuna
      enzyme are compared to those of bovine and blue-white dolphin metmyoglobin
      reductase.

PMID- 4042627
TI  - Ketogenic regulation by certain metabolites in rumen epithelium.
AB  - In experiments with rumen epithelium incubated in vitro in the presence of
      butyrate, the ketogenic effect of glucose was shared by epimeric monosaccharides
      but not by non-metabolizable analogues. 14C from glucose was not incorporated
      into ketone bodies. Malate increased ketogenesis from butyrate and decreased its
      oxidation, pyruvate and NH4+ had the opposite effect, and malonate inhibited both
      processes. The ketogenic effect of glucose was also effective with isovalerate
      maintaining the high proportion of acetoacetate which is characteristic of this
      substrate. Rumen epithelium transformed added acetoacetate into 3
      hydroxybutyrate. It is concluded that reducing equivalents produced from glucose
      and other metabolizable substrates are responsible regulators of ketogenesis from
      butyrate. The results are discussed in view of the functional role of ruminal
      ketogenesis.

PMID- 4042626
TI  - An interspecies comparison of normal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and
      glycosylated albumin.
AB  - Aminophenylboronic acid affinity chromatography was used to measure glycosylated
      hemoglobin and glycosylated albumin levels in a variety of species. The highest
      glycosylated hemoglobin levels were found in man, the lowest in the chicken and
      the pig. The highest glycosylated albumin levels were found in avian species, the
      lowest in the mouse and the rat. A simple kinetic model was used to analyze the
      rates of formation of glycosylated hemoglobin and albumin in the various species.
      Rates of glycosylated albumin formation were very similar across the species
      while rates of glycosylated hemoglobin formation were quite different, presumably
      reflecting wide differences in erythrocyte permeability to glucose among the
      species.

PMID- 4042628
TI  - Induction, isolation and a characterization of the lipid content of plasma
      vitellogenin from two Salmo species: rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and sea
      trout (Salmo trutta).
AB  - Vitellogenin synthesis is induced in juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and
      juvenile sea trout (Salmo trutta) by estradiol-17 beta. A purification procedure
      for vitellogenin from trout plasma by precipitation with MgCl2-EDTA and
      subsequent anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel is described. The total
      lipid contents of purified rainbow trout and sea trout vitellogenins are 18 and
      19%, respectively. Approximately 2/3 of the lipids are phospholipids, while the
      remainder consists of triglycerides and cholesterol. Phosphorus determinations on
      delipidated vitellogenin yield a phosphorus content of 0.63% in rainbow trout and
      0.58% in sea trout vitellogenin. Native (dimeric) vitellogenins from rainbow
      trout and sea trout both have an apparent molecular weight of 440,000, when
      estimated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B.

PMID- 4042629
TI  - Effects of temperature on glucose release and glycogen metabolism in isolated
      hepatocytes from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - Endogenous glucose release and glycogen metabolism were investigated in isolated
      hepatocytes from rainbow trout acclimated to 10 and 20 degrees C. Thermal
      acclimation did not significantly affect hepatocyte glycogen contents and the
      rates of glucose release during substrate-free incubations. In both acclimation
      groups glucose production and glycogen metabolism exhibited clearly different
      dependencies on assay temperature. It was concluded, that there are different
      sources of glucose release in the lower and upper temperature range-
      gluconeogenesis from endogenous precursors at low temperatures and glycogenolysis
      at high temperatures. This conclusion was supported by experiments with 3
      mercaptopicolinic acid, which stimulated glycogen breakdown especially in the low
      temperature range.

PMID- 4042630
TI  - A model for L-lactate binding to Cancer magister hemocyanin.
AB  - L-Lactate raises the oxygen affinity of Cancer magister hemocyanin. The L-lactate
      analogs, D-lactate, glycolate and 2-methyl-lactate cause smaller increases in an
      oxygen binding affinity. Other analogs have no detectable effect. These data
      suggest that L-lactate binds to the hemocyanin at all four positions around the
      chiral carbon. The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are required for activity. The
      protein can only partially distinguish between the methyl group and hydrogen
      atom.

PMID- 4042631
TI  - A comparison by HPLC of ferritin subunit types in human tissues.
AB  - Ferritin was isolated from human liver and spleen. Reversed phase high
      performance liquid chromatography of the ferritin subunits from each tissue
      yielded the same three chromatographic fractions. Physical and chemical
      characterization of the three fractions indicated that they represented at least
      two, perhaps three, chemically distinct subunits.

PMID- 4042632
TI  - Effect of denervation on the glycolytic metabolism of the main electric organ of
      Electrophorus electricus (L.).
AB  - Biochemical modifications of the glycolytic metabolism of the electric organ of
      Electrophorus electricus (L.) have been studied as a function of denervation. The
      activities of LDH, MDH and the concentrations of ATP, lactic and pyruvic acids
      were measured at intervals of zero, 15, 30 and 60 days following denervation. In
      parallel, CPK activity was also measured. All of these biochemical
      characteristics were substantially altered by denervation. The results obtained
      point to a change, after 15 days of denervation, from the normal anaerobic to an
      aerobic metabolism which remains after 30 days and reverts to anaerobic at 60
      days.

PMID- 4042633
TI  - A computer-based data acquisition system for breathing and exercise entrainment
      studies.
AB  - An interactive, real-time, computer-based data acquisition system was designed to
      obtain data for breathing and exercise entrainment studies. By timing the steps
      of subjects walking on a treadmill relative to different points in the
      respiratory cycle (e.g. the beginning and end of inspiration), the relation
      between gait and ventilation can be followed on a breath-by-breath basis.
      Accurate establishment of the beginning and end of respiratory events from a
      pneumotachygraph signal was assured by using tidal volume thresholds for (1)
      noise, (2) minimum valid volume and (3) minimum duration.

PMID- 4042634
TI  - On the solution of equations for renal counterflow models.
AB  - The results of a comparative study of three discretization techniques and the
      solution of the resulting algebraic equations by three methods is given. For this
      study, a four-tube central core model with diffusion in the core was selected and
      equations were derived for a coherent and efficient implementation. The results
      of this study show that sparse matrix techniques that take the physiological
      connectivity of the kidney lead to significant savings in computer storage,
      running time and overall cost.

PMID- 4042635
TI  - Computerized EEG pattern classification by adaptive segmentation and probability
      density-function classification. Description of the method.
AB  - A phenomenological model for the representation of clinical EEGs is proposed. It
      assumes each individual record to consist of a few repetitive patterns which are
      described sufficiently by their power spectra. An algorithm for automatic EEG
      evaluation is described. It consists of two steps, a segmentation process which
      isolates the elementary patterns, and a clustering procedure which groups similar
      patterns with each other. Results are represented in graphical form. Diagnostic
      classification is not attempted. An appendix highlights the advantages of
      autoregressive modelling for EEG spectral analysis and, in particular, the
      estimation of the power contained in the various "rhythms".

PMID- 4042636
TI  - A new EDP assisted dietary survey employing a simple and concise data collection
      method.
AB  - The aim of the work was a diet analysis practice both accurate and simple to be
      used in daily applications. The subject records in real time his intake by
      employing the portion of food as unit of measure. Through the recipes, which may
      be obtained in deferred time, data are then reorganized by EDP to match food
      composition data of literature. A food composition table management system was
      developed which avoids vacancies of data: nine different sources from literature
      were used. The fact that the subjects records in a simple and concise way his
      intakes permits prolonged investigation: slight alterations of the diet are
      possible without changing his food preferences and with minimum reduction of
      compliance.

PMID- 4042637
TI  - Computer-assisted analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis images using an
      array processor.
AB  - The CLIP4 machine has been used to analyze two-dimensional electrophoresis gel
      images. The architecture of the CLIP4 machine allows high-speed processing of gel
      images unavailable on conventional machines. The paper gives a brief review of
      the CLIP system followed by a detailed description of the segmentation and
      comparison algorithms. The segmentation algorithm makes full use of methods
      already designed for other gel analysis systems, but optimized for use on the
      highly parallel CLIP4 machine. The comparison algorithm is a totally new method
      using, to the full, the parallel efficiency of the CLIP4 computer. The algorithm
      attempts to match each spot on one gel with a corresponding spot on a second gel,
      operating simultaneously on all pairs of spots.

PMID- 4042638
TI  - Ridge regression and its application to medical data.
AB  - In this paper, data analysis techniques are employed to investigate the optimal
      properties of the ridge estimators and the stability of regression estimates.
      Numerical examples from the medical field are taken to compare the predictive
      ability of ridge regression analysis to that of ordinary regression analysis.

PMID- 4042639
TI  - Two-step estimators of the scale parameter of the Weibull distribution.
AB  - An efficient two-step method of estimating the scale parameter of the Weibull
      distribution is presented and compared to other estimation procedures. The shape
      parameter is obtained by a procedure other than maximum likelihood and then
      substituted into the maximum likelihood formula for the scale parameter. Three
      two-step and four one-step estimators were compared using a Monte Carlo
      simulation. When the shape parameter is less than one, the two-step estimator
      using a generalized least-squares estimate of the shape parameter was best in
      terms of observed relative efficiency. Maximum likelihood was best, but followed
      closely by the generalized least-squares estimator when the shape parameter is
      greater than one.

PMID- 4042641
TI  - Naphthol AS as a cause of pigmented contact dermatitis.
AB  - Naphthol AS is a coupling agent of cotton dyeing. 2 elderly women with
      hyperpigmentation of the neck and limbs are described. Both felt itching on the
      neck, forearms, and lower extremities and noted hyperpigmentation a month later.
      Both had worn cotton flannel nightdresses in winter. Patch testing with cotton
      flannel and methanol extracts were positive, but after estraction with methanol,
      the residual flannel did not react. The methanol extracts of cotton flannel, were
      analysed. The patients were tested with 5 extracted components; Naphthol AS was
      found to be the causative agent.

PMID- 4042640
TI  - Contact sensitivity in adults with atopic dermatitis in childhood.
AB  - 2 groups of patients were patch tested with a standard series of allergens. 1
      group of 159 individuals aged 24-44 years had a history of severe atopic
      dermatitis, and the other group of 130 individuals in the same age range, had had
      moderate atopic dermatitis in childhood. In group 1, positive reactions were
      recorded in 17% and in group 2 in 23%. A significant difference in the % of
      individuals with positive reactions was found between those who had healed (9%)
      and those who had not healed (22%) before 15 years of age (P less than 0.05). The
      frequency of individuals with hand eczema in adult life was higher, but not
      significantly, among sensitized than non-sensitized individuals. Altogether 100
      positive reactions were found in groups 1 and 2. The average number of positive
      reactions per person was significantly higher in individuals with than without
      hand eczema in adult life (P less than 0.05). The most frequent contact allergens
      were fragrance-mix, balsam of Peru and nickel, which had sensitized 8.0%, 4.5%
      and 4.1% of the individuals, respectively.

PMID- 4042642
TI  - Patch testing for nickel allergy. The influence of the vehicle on the response
      rate to topical nickel sulphate.
AB  - A group of 43 patients with a clinical history of nickel allergy who exhibited an
      equivocal or no allergic reaction to a patch test at 48 h were further challenged
      using several different formulations of nickel sulphate. This experimental test
      battery comprised aqueous, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and propylene glycol (PG)
      solutions of nickel sulphate, and nickel sulphate incorporated into cetomacrogol
      cream and yellow soft paraffin (PMF). Although some of these vehicles were
      irritant, a formulation-dependent test response was observed, such that in terms
      of the number of responses per unit weight of nickel sulphate applied to the
      skin, the vehicles could be ranked: DMSO greater than PG greater than aqueous
      solution greater than cetomacrogol cream greater than PMF preparations. This
      ranking could be correlated with the relative ease with which nickel sulphate
      could be dialysed from each vehicle in vitro. This study demonstrates that for
      nickel sulphate, the vehicle can influence the outcome of patch testing
      apparently by modifying the quantity of nickel released into the skin for
      elicitation of the allergic response.

PMID- 4042643
TI  - Inhibition of pyrethroid-induced paresthesia by scopolamine.

PMID- 4042644
TI  - Fiddler's neck and nickel dermatitis.

PMID- 4042645
TI  - Contact dermatitis to propolis.

PMID- 4042646
TI  - Irritant dermatitis due to Euphorbia marginata.

PMID- 4042648
TI  - Psychiatric diagnosis in DSM-III.

PMID- 4042647
TI  - Treatment of dermatitis from parthenin.
AB  - Composites and some other plants containing sesquiterpene lactones, frequently
      cause allergic contact dermatitis in man. No treatment is available to control
      this disease successfully. We have used an amino acid, cysteine, to treat
      allergic contact dermatitis in guinea pigs sensitized to parthenin, a major
      sesquiterpene lactone of an allergenic weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L. Cysteine
      treatment of the allergic reaction induced by parthenin resulted in (a) reduced
      time of recovery and (b) reduced intensity of the skin reaction.

PMID- 4042649
TI  - Guidelines for the pharmacological management of depression.

PMID- 4042650
TI  - Psychiatric triage.

PMID- 4042651
TI  - Ongoing intensive hospital treatment.

PMID- 4042652
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of behavioral disturbances in the elderly.

PMID- 4042653
TI  - Private psychiatric hospitals in Connecticut: a tradition of excellence, a future
      of change.

PMID- 4042654
TI  - Current developments in the law: malpractice and informed consent.

PMID- 4042655
TI  - Computers in hospital management: patients, doctors, information and resources.

PMID- 4042656
TI  - Current status of therapeutic plasmapheresis and related techniques: report of
      the AMA Panel on Therapeutic Plasmapheresis. AMA Council on Scientific Affairs.

PMID- 4042657
TI  - Reflections on medicine. First the vision.

PMID- 4042658
TI  - Connecticut's living will statute.

PMID- 4042659
TI  - Norethisterone concentration in breast milk and infant and maternal plasma during
      ethynodiol diacetate administration.
AB  - Twelve women with established lactation of 4-8 weeks duration were given a low
      dose progestogen-only contraceptive, ethynodiol diacetate 0.5 mg (Femulen) daily.
      On the seventh and eight day of the study, prior to the mother's taking the pill,
      a blood sample was taken from her and from the infant. Further blood samples were
      collected from the mother 4 and 12 hours later. Breast milk samples were
      collected at every feed on day 7 and day 8. Ethynodiol diacetate is rapidly
      metabolised in humans, changing into the metabolite norethisterone which is found
      in both blood and milk. Hence, norethisterone concentrations were estimated. On
      day 7 and day 8, four hours after ingestion of the pill, the median
      norethisterone maternal plasma concentration was 1.60 ng/ml and it fell to a
      median level of 0.30 ng/ml prior to the next dose of the pill. At this time the
      median infant concentration was 0.10 ng/ml but the maximum observed level was
      0.50 ng/ml. In the breast milk the norethisterone concentration appears to peak
      at around 4-8 hours following the ingestion of the pill. The maximum observed
      concentration in breast milk was 0.84 ng/ml. The amount of norethisterone
      ingested by the infant averaged 0.02% (6.65 micrograms) of the dose of ethynodiol
      diacetate ingested by the mother. The maximum observed on any one day was 0.07%
      (27.52 micrograms). The above results indicate that the amount of progestogen
      ingested by the infant from its mother's milk is small and is unlikely to pose a
      risk to the infant.

PMID- 4042660
TI  - Interaction of anticonvulsants and oral contraceptives in epileptic adolescents.
AB  - Oral contraceptives are in widespread use, and are commonly prescribed for
      contraception in patients taking other medications. An example of this is the
      concomitant use of oral contraceptives and anticonvulsants in epileptic patients.
      This combination creates a potential for drug interactions which may alter the
      efficacy of both medications. An apparent interaction between oral contraceptives
      and anticonvulsants was observed in this study of epileptic adolescent females.
      This interaction was evidenced by menstrual irregularities which occurred in 65%
      (7 of 11) of adolescents on both medications concomitantly. The frequency of
      irregularity was significantly higher in these adolescents when compared to
      adolescents on either medication alone. Irregularities appeared to be alleviated
      by increasing the strength of the oral contraceptive, and although a concern, the
      increased dosage did not affect seizure control.

PMID- 4042661
TI  - Effect of long-term hormonal contraception on plasma lipids.
AB  - Serum lipid and apoprotein levels were determined in fasting women after long
      term use (5-12 years) of Depo Provera, Orgametril, Ortho Novum SQ, Binordiol,
      Microgynon-50, and Ministat. Compared with matched controls, pure progestogens
      (Depo Provera and Orgametril) caused a moderate decrease of TG, HDL chol, and Apo
      A1, whereas estrogen-dominant oral contraceptives (Ortho Novum SQ) increased the
      same parameters. The effects of long-term use of hormonal contraception on lipids
      did not differ from those predicted from short-term (6 months) studies.

PMID- 4042662
TI  - A test of the National Death Index using the Coronary Artery Surgery Study
      (CASS).
AB  - The National Death Index (NDI) is a central, computerized index of death record
      information compiled from records submitted by the Vital Statistics Office of
      each state to the National Center for Health Statistics. A selection of 1180
      cases, including 370 decedents, from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study was sent
      to the NDI to test the reliability of the index in identifying decedents. Five
      possible matching rules are considered: an NDI match with soundex included, an
      NDI match without soundex matches, an NDI match on social security number, an NDI
      match on personal data (first name, last name, sex, race, and month, day, and
      year of birth), and an NDI match on social security number or personal data. In
      determining death, the greatest positive predictive value was given by a match on
      social security number, while the greatest negative predictive value was given by
      an NDI match with soundex included. Further comparisons of sensitivity and
      specificity, and figures that relate predictive values to the population
      mortality rate, are given to assist potential users in determining an optimal
      matching rule.

PMID- 4042663
TI  - Adjusting for baseline measurements in the two-period crossover study: a
      cautionary note.
AB  - It is intuitively appealing in planning a two-period crossover study to have each
      patient measured on the response variable at the beginning as well as at the end
      of both periods, and to take the change from the value at the start of the period
      to the value at the end as the measure of the patient's response to the treatment
      given during that period. This apparently innocuous procedure may, contrary to
      one's intuition, produce bias in the analysis of the data for a difference
      between the residual effects and a difference between the direct treatment
      effects.

PMID- 4042664
TI  - Efficacy of topical chloramphenicol and tobramycin ophthalmic solutions in
      preventing severe Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in rabbits.
AB  - Various marketed chloramphenicol ophthalmic solutions were compared and various
      dilutions of Tobrex Ophthalmic Solution were tested for effectiveness in a
      Staphylococcus aureus rabbit keratitis model. Anesthetized rabbits were each
      infected intracorneally with 10(4) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 cells.
      Treatment groups consisted of five or six rabbits (10 or 12 eyes) per group. One
      group of rabbits was infected but not treated (Positive Control Group). Topical
      dosing of commercially available ophthalmic solutions was accomplished by
      depositing 0.1 mL of a color-coded test solution into the lower cul-de-sac of
      each eye. Dosing begin one hour after the mid-infection time and continued for a
      total of nine hourly treatments. Twenty-four hours after infection the rabbit
      eyes were graded (masked) using standard slit-lamp scoring procedures. The slit
      lamp scores for five of eight ocular parameters were used to calculate an eye
      score value for each rabbit eye. The five ocular parameters were selected, based
      on previous Stepwise Discriminant Computer Analysis of over 300 rabbit eyes
      infected with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 and treated with various
      antibiotics. The eye score values for each group were averaged and the treatments
      were compared for significant differences in efficacy using the nonparametric,
      Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042665
TI  - Fluorescence studies on tryptophan and sulfhydryl group changes of bovine lens
      crystallins in a photodynamic system.
AB  - Conformational changes in the three crystallins alpha-, beta-, and gamma- in a
      singlet-oxygen generating system were investigated by fluorescence studies of
      tryptophan and covalently-bound sulfhydryl probe 4-[(N-iodoacetoxy)N-methyl]amino
      7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (IANBD). Upon excitation at 295 nm, the tryptophan
      emission maxima of the crystallins were red-shifted by irradiation with visible
      light in the presence of the photosensitizer methylene blue. beta- crystallin
      showed the largest shift (4 nm) of the emission spectrum. Time course of the
      fluorescence changes by irradiation showed that the decrease in the tryptophan
      fluorescence yield occurs most rapidly for beta-crystallins, as compared to alpha
      or gamma-crystallins. Fluorescence changes of IANBD-labeled crystallins show a
      40% decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the sulfhydryl probe for beta
      crystallin after one hour of irradiation. For alpha- and gamma-crystallin smaller
      decreases (7% and 15% respectively) were observed. Since all the sulfhydryl
      groups of beta-crystallin are known to be exposed on the surface of the protein
      (Andley et al, 1982, Biochemistry 21, 1853), these results suggest that the
      pronounced changes in conformation of beta-crystallin by singlet oxygen may be
      due to a rapid loss of the protein tertiary structure by oxidation of the
      sulfhydryl groups. These results have potential significance in understanding the
      age and cataract-related changes in the ocular lens in view of the fact that
      several key lens enzymes are associated with beta-crystallins in vivo.

PMID- 4042666
TI  - Determination of bovine retinal melatonin with HPLC-EC.
AB  - Bovine retinae, devoid of pigment epithelium, were assayed for endogenous
      melatonin using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection (HPLC-EC). A method of extracting the more polar biogenic amines and
      metabolites was employed, allowing for direct injection of retinal supernatants
      into the chromatographic column. THE RESULTS: 1) confirm the presence of
      melatonin in the bovine retina; 2) provide a "benchmark" of 3.01 ng/retina for
      normal adult retinae collected during photophase; and 3) indicate that HPLC-EC
      represents an adequately sensitive instrument for the detection and
      quantification of melatonin in a single bovine retina.

PMID- 4042667
TI  - Retinyl ester hydrolase of bovine retina and pigment epithelium: comparisons to
      the rat liver enzyme.
AB  - The hydrolysis of 3H-retinyl ester was examined in the retinal pigment epithelium
      (RPE) and neural retina of cattle eyes and compared to that in homogenates of rat
      liver. The optimum pH for hydrolysis was 4.0-4.5 for RPE and 7.5-8.0 for liver.
      The RPE activity, which shows no variability between individual animals, is
      localized mainly in the lysosomal fraction of the cell. It is strongly inhibited
      by bile salts at concentrations as low as 0.2-0.5% and conversely, is strongly
      activated by Triton X-100, with maximum stimulation found at a concentration of
      approximately 1%. The apparent Vmax for hydrolysis of labeled retinyl ester in
      the RPE is 2.7 nmoles/hr/mg protein, a value approximately 1/150 to 1/200 of the
      rate of retinol esterification in these cells. Little or no hydrolytic activity
      could be detected in neural retina or in rod outer segments. Studies on the
      specificity of the RPE retinyl ester hydrolase activity revealed unexpectedly
      high hydrolytic activity toward both cholesteryl oleate and triolein,
      approximately 20 and 5 times greater, respectively, than in rat liver. The
      hydrolytic activity for cholesteryl oleate in the RPE was mainly at pH 3.5, while
      that for triolein showed three pH maxima, one at pH 4.5-5.0, a second near
      neutral pH and the third at pH 8. These findings reflect an active and complex
      pattern of fatty acyl ester lipid-metabolizing enzymes in cattle RPE whose
      interrelationships to one another require further clarification.

PMID- 4042668
TI  - Electron microscopy of corneal surface microdiathermy.
AB  - Microdiathermy has recently been shown to be effective in the treatment of
      persistent corneal epithelial recurrent erosion. In order to determine the
      mechanism of action of microdiathermy on the anterior surface of the cornea,
      rabbit eyes were treated with microdiathermy and the course of corneal tissue
      repair studied by electron microscopy. Shortly after treatment, the epithelium is
      edematous and necrotic and the lamina densa is thickened. Within 24 hours, the
      epithelium appears healed and some hemidesmosomes are present, but the lamina
      densa is still thickened. At two weeks the epithelial surface is undulated and
      protrudes into the stroma in areas where the lamina densa is disrupted.
      Hemidesmosomes are absent in these regions. Activated fibroblasts are present in
      superficial stroma. At four weeks following microdiathermy, there is segmental
      deposition of new lamina densa and a connective tissue zone between the newly
      deposited lamina densa and the old lamina densa. Hemidesmosomes are present only
      in areas of newly deposited lamina densa. Between six weeks and three months the
      epithelial basal surface becomes more uniform with mature hemidesmosomes and the
      new lamina densa is complete. The old lamina densa remains below it but is no
      longer present by six months. The mechanism of action for microdiathermy in
      recurrent erosion is believed to be as follows: in the treated area, epithelium
      and activated fibroblasts secrete a new connective tissue layer, which provides a
      suitable substrate to which the epithelium can adhere until it secretes a new
      lamina densa and hemidesmosome formation can occur.

PMID- 4042669
TI  - Bovine lens calmodulin. Isolation, partial characterization and calcium
      independent binding to lens membrane proteins.
AB  - Calmodulin has been isolated from calf lens fiber cells. Like other vertebrate
      calmodulins lens calmodulin shows a calcium-dependent mobility shift on SDS
      polyacrylamide gels and forms immune complexes with antiserum, raised against
      vertebrate calmodulin. Via the gel overlay technique radioiodinated calmodulin
      from lens or bovine brain was found to bind to the main intrinsic protein (MIP)
      and the 17.5 kDa protein of lens fiber membranes in a calcium-independent manner.
      After proteolytic digestion of lens fiber membranes with trypsin or
      Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease the calmodulin-binding activity of MIP is
      retained. This result indicates that the small polypeptide fragment of MIP, which
      is accessible to proteolytic attack, apparently is not the attachment point for
      calmodulin. Two additional calmodulin-binding proteins (MW 14 kDa and 16.5 kDa)
      are observed in junction-enriched fiber membrane fractions. These junction
      specific proteins are bound to the membrane via calcium. In addition to MIP and
      the 17.5 kDa protein they are possibly involved in the calcium-dependent
      regulation of lens fiber junctions. The 14 and 16.5 kDa proteins are also present
      in epithelial membranes, prepared from freshly obtained calf lens epithelia.
      Whereas in the latter membranes the two proteins form part of the four 14-17 kDa
      major protein components, these proteins are absent in membranes from cultured
      lens epithelial cells. The epithelial 14 kDa and 16.5 kDa proteins thus appear to
      be junction-specific. The capacity of the latter proteins to bind calmodulin in
      the presence and absence of calcium indicates that these junction-specific
      proteins are very similar, if not identical, to the corresponding fiber
      junctional proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042670
TI  - Neck dissection for cancer.
AB  - Control of metastatic disease in the neck is only a part of the spectrum of
      treatment of a patient with head and neck cancer. Concepts as to how to manage
      both the primary cancer and the possible metastases in the neck are constantly
      changing, and new combinations are being proposed almost daily. This article
      focuses mainly on the various surgical procedures that have been advocated in an
      attempt at controlling metastatic disease in the neck. The author has not
      considered the role of control of the primary cancer nor the significance of
      distant metastases in the rate of survival of patients with head and neck cancer.
      The frequency with which patients with cancer of the upper aerodigestive system
      develop second primaries indicates that we are only dealing with a portion of the
      problem. We have no way of reversing the premalignant changes that have probably
      developed in the epithelial surface of the smokers/alcoholics who constitute such
      a large percentage of the patients with whom we deal.

PMID- 4042671
TI  - The BALB/c mouse. Genetics and immunology.

PMID- 4042672
TI  - Immunoprophylaxis in BALB/c mice: a model for development of protection against
      primary and secondary infection with Leishmania major.

PMID- 4042673
TI  - Genetic control of systemic Leishmania major infection: identification of subline
      differences for susceptibility to disease.

PMID- 4042674
TI  - Susceptibility to Abelson or Moloney murine leukemia viruses.

PMID- 4042675
TI  - Differential susceptibility to experimental autoimmune orchitis in BALB/c
      substrains.

PMID- 4042676
TI  - Variation in responsiveness of BALB/c sublines and congenic mice to phase I
      Coxiella burnetii infection and vaccination.

PMID- 4042677
TI  - Pristane-induced arthritis in BALB/c mice.

PMID- 4042679
TI  - A series of recombinant inbred strains between the BALB/cHeA and STS/A mouse
      strains.

PMID- 4042678
TI  - Response of the peritoneal mesothelium to the mineral oil, pristane.

PMID- 4042680
TI  - Characteristics of the wm substrain of BALB/c mice.

PMID- 4042681
TI  - Genetic variation in catecholamine responsive metabolic pathways--a hypothesis
      for a common regulatory mechanism in BALB/c sublines.

PMID- 4042682
TI  - DNA hybridization subtraction: differences detected between BALB/cAnPt and
      BALB/cJax at the DNA level.

PMID- 4042683
TI  - Genetically contaminated BALB/c nude mice.

PMID- 4042684
TI  - Preferential nondisjunction of specific bivalents in oocytes from Djungarian
      hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) following colchicine treatment.
AB  - In an attempt to study the mechanisms leading to nondisjunction during meiosis I,
      Djungarian hamster females were treated with colchicine (3 mg/kg), which binds
      specifically to tubulin. The number of ovulated oocytes per female was
      significantly reduced following colchicine treatment (8.2 +/- 5.3, compared to
      10.6 +/- 5.9 in controls receiving saline solution only). Application of
      colchicine rather late during oocyte maturation (ie, 5.5 h after injection of
      human chorionic gonadotrophin) caused a significant increase in the number of
      ovulated diploid (34.5%) and hyperhaploid (11.7%) oocytes, compared to the
      frequencies observed in the saline-treated controls (0.8% and 3.5%,
      respectively). Specific bivalents (viz, the large meta- and submetacentric
      chromosomes of groups A, B, and C) were preferentially involved in colchicine
      induced nondisjunction. The same pattern of chromosomal malsegregation was
      previously observed in oocytes from this hamster species following
      hypergonadotrophic stimulation. Preferential involvement of bivalents in the
      process of nondisjunction, whether induced by colchicine or hypergonadotrophic
      stimulation, is explained by an interference with microtubular function affecting
      those bivalents that are the last to segregate.

PMID- 4042685
TI  - Detection of Y-specific repeat sequences in normal and variant human chromosomes
      using in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes.
AB  - In situ hybridization with a cloned human Y-specific repeat, pY3.4, derived from
      the 3.4-kb HaeIII repetitive sequences, is useful in identifying Yq-autosome
      translocations. In this study nonradioactive procedures were also employed to
      detect the sites of hybridization. Using a biotinylated probe and either
      immunofluorescence or horseradish peroxidase reaction, the chromosomes of three
      probands and members of their families with probable Y-autosome translocations
      were examined. It was found that not all such translocations can be correctly
      diagnosed based on conventional banding analysis. The present data indicate the
      importance of chromosome-specific probes in studying chromosome rearrangements in
      man.

PMID- 4042686
TI  - Studies on endoreduplication. V. A three-dimensional scheme for diplo- and
      quadruple chromosomes and a model for DNA replication.
AB  - The metaphase appearance of quadruple chromosomes in colchicine-treated CHO cells
      was compared between air-dried and gently squashed preparations. A marked
      difference in morphology between the two methods suggested that the planar
      alignment of quadruple chromosomes is an artifact of the spreading process and
      that quadruple chromosomes are organized within the nucleus in a three
      dimensional configuration. By analyzing the alignment of the original and
      replicated strands, using BrdU incorporation, the three-dimensional orientation
      of the chromatids in quadruple chromosomes could be traced. This analysis led to
      a new model for DNA replication. According to this model, an opening of a DNA
      base pair which rotates about 90 degrees with respect to the deoxyribose
      phosphate backbone precedes DNA replication, resulting in the formation of the
      newly replicated strands perpendicular to the original plane of the base pair.
      This model, although derived from endoreduplication, may be applicable to a
      general scheme for DNA replication during normal chromosome duplication.

PMID- 4042687
TI  - Chromosomal evolution in Malagasy lemurs. VIII. Chromosome banding studies of
      Lepilemur ruficaudatus, L leucopus, and L septentrionalis.
AB  - The karyotypes of three Lepilemuridae species, Lepilemur ruficaudatus, L
      leucopus, and L septentrionalis, are described and compared. An almost complete
      analogy of chromosome banding is exhibited. Several complex chromosomal
      rearrangements, especially end-to-end translocations, have occurred in the
      evolution of these species. The chromosomal data indicate that the species
      studied are well separated. In addition, their common chromosomal characters show
      that they constitute a clearly distinct family among the lemurs.

PMID- 4042688
TI  - Assignment of the porcine major histocompatibility complex to chromosome 7 by in
      situ hybridization.
AB  - The major histocompatibility complex (SLA) of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) was
      regionally mapped to 7p12----q12 by in situ hybridization with an SLA class I
      specific recombinant DNA probe. This localization contradicts linkage data
      suggesting a possible assignment of the SLA locus to porcine chromosome 15.

PMID- 4042689
TI  - Correlation between X-chromosome inactivation and cell differentiation in female
      preimplantation mouse embryos.
AB  - By means of a cytological method involving BrdU incorporation and acridine orange
      fluorescence staining in combination with embryo manipulation, we studied X
      chromosome activity in female preimplantation mouse embryos with special
      reference to the correlation between X-chromosome inactivation and cell
      differentiation. There was no sign of asynchronous replication between the two X
      chromosomes from the one-cell to intermediate blastocyst stage. The allocyclic X
      chromosome, first detected in late blastocysts, was paternal in origin, mostly
      replicating early in the S phase and limited to the trophectoderm. Subsequent X
      chromosome inactivation occurring in the primary endoderm was also characterized
      by the involvement of the paternal X and early replication. Both X chromosomes
      continued to replicate synchronously in the embryonic ectoderm or epiblast at
      this stage. It was evident that overt cell differentiation preceded the
      appearance of the asynchronously replicating X chromosome in the trophectoderm
      and primary endoderm. This finding seems to support the view that cell
      differentiation is an important correlate of X-chromosome inactivation.

PMID- 4042690
TI  - Localization of the alpha and beta casein genes to the q24 region of chromosome
      12 in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) by in situ hybridization.
AB  - The syntenic alpha and beta casein genes were localized in the rabbit by
      chromosomal in situ hybridization, using a mixture of two radioactive cDNA probes
      corresponding to these two genes. Highly significant labeling was observed on
      chromosome 12. A total of 175 silver grains was found on chromosomes in the 193
      mitoses studied; 18% of the grains were on chromosome 12, and 42% of the grains
      on this chromosome were localized to the 12q24 region. Statistical analysis
      revealed that this labeling was highly significant.

PMID- 4042691
TI  - Assignment of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) to the pter----p21 region of
      human chromosome 1.
AB  - The assignment of the human gene for uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) to
      chromosome 1 is confirmed and further localized to the pter----p21 region through
      the use of human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Human and mouse UROD were separated
      by electrophoresis and identified with antibodies to the human enzyme after
      electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose membranes.

PMID- 4042692
TI  - Effects of the male contraceptive agent gossypol on meiotic chromosomes of the
      male rat.
AB  - Synaptonemal complexes (SCs) of rat spermatocytes were analyzed in silver-stained
      meiotic preparations 10-24 days after treatment with gossypol acetic acid, 30
      mg/kg/day, for 70 days. Gossypol did not affect SC formation or function, as
      judged by the absence of pairing anomalies, SC fragmentation, or presynaptic
      arrest. The unpaired lateral axes could be seen at zygotene, and at pachytene
      normal SCs could be observed. The behavior of the XY axes also appeared to be
      normal.

PMID- 4042693
TI  - The structural gene for human coagulation factor X is located on chromosome
      13q34.
AB  - The gene coding for coagulation factor X was studied in a family segregating
      chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosomes 13 and 6. An individual monosomic
      for 13q34 was deficient in levels of clotting factors VII and X, while her
      brother, who is trisomic for 13q34, had elevated levels. DNA dosage studies with
      a cloned human factor X gene demonstrated that the low levels of factor X
      expression in the individual with the chromosome 13q34 deletion were due to the
      absence of one copy of the factor X structural gene. This confirms the assignment
      of the human gene coding for factor X to 13q34.

PMID- 4042694
TI  - Familial reciprocal translocation t(1;4)(q31;p15) traced through five
      generations.

PMID- 4042695
TI  - Cystic fibrosis: analysis of linkage of the disease locus to red cell and plasma
      protein markers.

PMID- 4042696
TI  - Endometrial carcinoma. A retrospective, epidemiological study.
AB  - In a retrospective, epidemiological study of 414 patients with endometrial
      carcinoma, 73.4 percent were overweight and 55.8 percent were obese. The patients
      had a significantly greater absolute and relative weight than normal control
      subjects. A tendency was also apparent for height to be greater than in the
      controls. The patients had low fertility, early menarche and a tendency to late
      menopause, as well as a considerable premorbid consumption of estrogen
      preparations. Another characteristic of the patients was their low social class.
      The aetiology of endometrial carcinoma is presumably multifactorial. Long-term or
      increased estrogen stimulation of the endometrium plays a role, possibly
      potentiated by absence of progesterone influence. Obesity contributes to elevated
      estrogen level by the conversion of androstenedione to estrone in the fatty
      tissue. The diet depends on the social background and is significant for the
      development of obesity. Obesity, together with the amount and the composition of
      the food consumed, might predispose to endometrial cancer by elevated production
      of endogenous estrogen.

PMID- 4042697
TI  - Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - For several years the medical treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has
      been NSAID because gold, penicillamine, antimalarials and steroids have been
      without efficacy. In 1981, Mintz et al reported that methylprednisolone pulse
      therapy (MPPT) had an excellent effect in patients with AS. Seven patients with
      active AS and insufficient efficacy of NSAID for three months were treated with
      one gram methylprednisolone daily given intravenously for three successive days.
      Mobility and pain were recorded before, during, and after treatment. Significant
      pain relief and improvement of mobility of the spine for at least six weeks were
      clearly demonstrated (p less than 0.05). Finger to floor distance and chin
      manubrium distance improved significantly for at least six months (p less than
      0.05). We conclude that intravenous MPPT is a useful treatment in patients with
      active AS when NSAID is insufficient.

PMID- 4042698
TI  - Visceral artery aneurysms. A review.
AB  - Although rare, visceral artery aneurysms are reported with increasing frequency,
      mostly as a result of the growing use of angiography in unclear cases of
      abdominal symptoms. The splenic artery aneurysms are by far the most common,
      followed in frequency by the renal and hepatic artery aneurysms. The splenic and
      renal artery should undergo surgery in all cases of symptomatic aneurysms,
      asymptomatic aneurysms discovered in pregnant women or women of child-bearing
      age, aneurysms with documented growth, and aneurysms with a diameter more than 2
      cm. The hepatic artery aneurysms as well as the more rare aneurysms should be
      treated surgically as soon as the diagnosis is established because the natural
      course of these aneurysms seems to be progression to rupture. In high risk
      patients, transcatheter arterial embolisation has recently proven to be a useful
      alternative to surgery in many cases.

PMID- 4042699
TI  - Lieutenant of the men of death.

PMID- 4042700
TI  - Alterations of pulmonary epithelial permeability caused by smoking and other
      injuries to the lungs.

PMID- 4042701
TI  - Osler-Charcot disease. A new title for an old friend.

PMID- 4042702
TI  - William Tell and technology.

PMID- 4042703
TI  - Reliability of the bronchoscopic protected catheter brush in intubated and
      ventilated patients.
AB  - The reliability of a bronchoscopic protected catheter brush (BPCB) in the
      diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection was studied in 17 intubated and
      ventilated patients, including seven patients free from such infection (group 1)
      and ten patients with suspected infection (group 2). A first sample was obtained
      in the lower trachea by aspiration through the fiberoptic bronchoscope and a
      second in a distal bronchus by the BPCB procedure. In group 1, all BPCB cultures
      were sterile, although lower tracheal cultures yielded two or more bacterial
      species, showing that uncontaminated specimens can be obtained by the BPCB
      procedure. In three patients of group 2, BPCB cultures remained sterile as a
      nonbacterial pulmonary disease was certified by open lung biopsy. In seven
      patients from group 2, BPCB cultures yielded all of the organisms isolated
      simultaneously by reference methods (ie, cultures of blood or pleural fluid,
      serologic tests, and open lung biopsy). In two of these patients, contamination
      of the BPCB specimens was ascertained by the reference method bacterial results.
      In this study the BPCB procedure was able to obtain uncontaminated specimens in
      intubated and ventilated patients and was mainly accurate in identifying the
      bacterial etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 4042704
TI  - Abnormal septal Q waves in sickle cell disease. Prevalence and causative factors.
AB  - Electrocardiograms and M-mode echocardiograms were obtained prospectively from 72
      patients with hemoglobin SS (n = 55) or SC (n = 17) disease to assess the
      prevalence of abnormal Q waves in sickle cell disease and to determine if such Q
      waves could be explained by, or related to, echocardiographically determined
      anatomic or functional abnormalities. The mean age (+/- SD) of the population
      under study was 28 +/- 9 years, and the mean hematocrit reading was 28 +/- 5
      percent; 43 male and 29 female patients were evaluated. No patient had a history
      of systemic arterial hypertension, valvular heart disease, or congestive heart
      failure. Abnormal septal Q waves (amplitude greater than or equal to 0.30 mV;
      duration less than or equal to 29 msec) were noted in leads V4, V5, or V6 in 15
      of 72 patients, and 50 percent (36) of the population under study demonstrated
      electrocardiographic voltage changes consistent with left ventricular
      hypertrophy. M-mode echocardiography showed that 29 of 72 patients had a
      thickened interventricular septum (greater than or equal to 1.2 cm), 16 of 72 had
      an abnormally thickened left ventricular posterior wall (greater than or equal to
      1.2 cm), and 31 of 72 had increased left ventricular mass (greater than 215 g).
      The prevalence of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities was
      not significantly different between patients with hemoglobin SS and SC disease.
      Septal excursion was decreased in 11 of the patients, and global left ventricular
      function (percent fractional shortening) was slightly decreased in three
      patients. Regional wall motion was normal in all 72 patients. Six percent (four)
      of the patients met echocardiographic criteria for asymmetric septal hypertrophy.
      Linear regression analysis yielded significant positive correlations between
      septal dimension (r = 0.38; p less than 0.001) and left ventricular mass (r =
      0.37; p less than 0.005) when each was compared with Q-wave amplitude. A
      significant negative correlation (r = 0.40; p less than 0.001) was noted between
      hematocrit reading and Q-wave amplitude. We conclude that abnormal septal Q waves
      are common in sickle cell disease and are related, in part, to septal thickness,
      as well as left ventricular mass and degree of anemia.

PMID- 4042705
TI  - Transbronchial biopsy in the thrombocytopenic patient.
AB  - Twenty-five flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic procedures with transbronchial lung
      biopsies were performed in 24 severely thrombocytopenic immunocompromised
      patients (mean platelet count of 30,000/cu mm, with a range of 7,000/cu mm to
      60,000/cu mm) during the diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary infiltrates. Three
      patients had self-limited endobronchial bleeding. A single death was attributable
      to massive hemorrhage after transbronchial biopsy and brushing. Specific
      etiologic diagnoses were established by bronchoscopy in nine cases.

PMID- 4042706
TI  - The relationship between functional class and cardiac performance in patients
      with chronic aortic insufficiency.
AB  - We have evaluated the relationship of New York Heart Association functional class
      (FC) assessment to rest and exercise hemodynamics and resting left ventricular
      (LV) functional data in 75 consecutive patients with isolated, chronic aortic
      insufficiency. Although there was a tendency for hemodynamic and angiographic
      variables to worsen as FC increased there was considerable overlap between
      patients assigned to the various groups. Statistically significant differences
      were seen only for resting left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and
      pulmonary artery wedge (PAW) pressure which were higher in FC 3/4 patients than
      in FC 1 or 2 patients. The results of our study suggest that FC assignment cannot
      be used to accurately define underlying LV performance or hemodynamics in an
      individual patient with chronic aortic insufficiency. However, since severe
      abnormalities are unlikely to be present in asymptomatic patients, routine
      detailed frequent investigation does not seem warranted in this group. As FC
      worsens, the likelihood of left ventricular dysfunction increases. Thus, the
      presence of symptoms is an indication for more extensive evaluation.

PMID- 4042707
TI  - Increase in PaO2 following intravenous administration of propranolol in acutely
      hypoxemic patients.
AB  - To define the effects of beta-blockade therapy on PaO2, arterial blood gas levels
      were determined before and after therapeutic administration of propranolol in 44
      acutely ill patients. With a FIo2 of 0.33 +/- 0.08, the PaO2 increased from 89.6
      +/- 3.6 to 95.3 +/- 3.8 mmHg (p less than 0.01), 10 minutes after intravenous
      administration of 1 to 3 mg of propranolol. Simultaneous hemodynamic measurements
      obtained in six patients demonstrated a dramatic decrease in venous admixture,
      associated with decreases in cardiac output and mixed venous Po2. Propranolol
      administration generally results in a moderate increase in PaO2, which is related
      to a significant decrease in pulmonary shunt. The clinical implications of these
      findings are limited by the expected decrease in tissue oxygen delivery after
      beta-blockade therapy.

PMID- 4042708
TI  - Early neutrophil alveolitis after antigen inhalation in hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was carried out before and after antigen inhalation
      in ten hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and five control subjects. Control
      subjects did not show any significant variation in BAL cells after challenge with
      diluted pigeon serum. In HP patients, the total number of BAL cells increased
      from (41.5 +/- 16.8) X 10(4) cells/ml before challenge to (84.0 +/- 28.9) X 10(4)
      cells/ml after challenge. Of greater interest, the values of polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils in patients increased from 8.3 +/- 9.7 percent before challenge to
      41.2 +/- 24.35 percent, 24 hours after antigen challenge (p - 0.0001). Another
      BAL, carried out a week later, recovered a persistently high number of cells,
      (74.67 +/- 33.36) X 10(4) cells/ml. However, the percentage of polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils and lymphocytes did not differ from the initial pre-challenge BAL.
      Our study demonstrates an immediate and transient neutrophil alveolitis after
      antigen inhalation in patients with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

PMID- 4042709
TI  - Complications of right heart catheterization. A prospective autopsy study.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to characterize the type and prevalence of
      abnormalities associated with right heart catheterization. We performed detailed
      post-mortem examinations of 32 consecutive patients brought to autopsy with a
      right heart catheter in the pulmonary artery. Thrombosis (17 patients, 53
      percent), hemorrhagic lesions (25 patients, 78 percent), and intimal fibrin
      deposition (21 patients, 66 percent) were found at sites along the entire path of
      the catheter. Twenty-nine patients (91 percent) had either thrombosis, hemorrhage
      or both. While the superior vena cava was the most common site for all lesions,
      seven patients had thrombosis involving the chambers and valves of the heart and
      four had thrombosis involving the pulmonary artery. The incidence of thrombosis
      was significantly higher after 36 hours of catheterization (p less than 0.05).
      All five patients with thromboemboli in the more proximal pulmonary arteries had
      catheter-related thrombosis. We conclude that there is a high prevalence of
      thrombotic and hemorrhagic lesions in patients dying with pulmonary catheters in
      place; that the risk of thrombotic complications increases with duration of
      catheterization; and that patients with catheter-related thrombosis are at
      increased risk of thromboemboli to the proximal pulmonary arteries.

PMID- 4042710
TI  - Transbronchial fine needle aspiration of bronchogenic cysts.
AB  - Transbronchial fine needle aspiration (TBFNA) was used to confirm the diagnosis
      of bronchogenic cyst in two asymptomatic patients with mediastinal masses who
      declined surgical exploration. Both masses were located subcarinally but differed
      in computed tomographic density (7 and 59 Hounsfield units). Aspirate cytology
      demonstrated predominately bronchial columnar epithelial cells in mucus, without
      the lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes normally seen in intrabronchial
      secretions. The denser cyst additionally contained some alveolar macrophages with
      ingested surfactant. While benignity cannot be absolutely assured, it is
      corroborated by serial evaluation of these patients, which has revealed no
      interval change in symptoms or roentgenographic size for two and three years,
      respectively. Under selected circumstances, it appears that TBFNA can be used to
      extend bronchoscopic diagnosis to benign mediastinal masses if the cytologic
      features of such aspirates are unique.

PMID- 4042711
TI  - Oral sustained-release aminophylline and bronchodilator response to inhaled
      fenoterol in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.
AB  - The bronchodilator response to inhaled fenoterol (400 micrograms) was examined in
      the morning and in the afternoon before and during oral sustained-release
      aminophylline treatment in eight patients with chronic reversible airway
      obstruction. Bronchodilatation was evaluated by measuring serial peak expiratory
      flow rates (PEFR) for eight hours after inhaled fenoterol and calculating the
      area under the time-response curves and the percentage increment from the
      baseline values. The patients showed an enhancement of the bronchodilatation
      achieved with fenoterol in the morning during aminophylline treatment. In the
      afternoon, instead, the effect of the fenoterol was not improved by oral
      aminophylline. This different effect of oral aminophylline might depend on the
      variable degree of potential reversibility present or diurnal variation in the
      bronchial response.

PMID- 4042712
TI  - Rapidly cavitating nodules in a young man.

PMID- 4042713
TI  - Keeping abreast of clubbing.

PMID- 4042714
TI  - Is the stepped-care approach to the management of hypertension still appropriate?

PMID- 4042716
TI  - An unusual echocardiographic finding in a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm.
AB  - A patient with a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA) demonstrated an
      unusual two-dimensional echocardiographic manifestation of this entity. A
      discrete mass of echoes, appearing attached to a posterior leaflet of the
      tricuspid valve, moved to and fro into the right ventricle during diastole and
      into the right atrium in systole. This echocardiographic appearance mimics a
      vegetation of the tricuspid valve, a flail tricuspid leaflet, a right atrial
      myxoma or a pedunculated right atrial thrombus. Therefore, the differential
      diagnosis of this echocardiographic finding should include RSVA in addition to
      the above mentioned disorders.

PMID- 4042715
TI  - Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity. Assessment by bronchoalveolar lavage.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage was used to demonstrate morphologic changes in alveolar
      macrophages characteristic of amiodarone effect in lung tissue obtained by
      biopsy. This procedure may be useful in the assessment of abnormal chest x-ray
      findings in patients suspected to have amiodarone toxicity.

PMID- 4042717
TI  - Endoscopic treatment of a whistling middle-lobe bronchus.
AB  - A 32-year old man presented with dyspnea and a loud inspiratory wheeze.
      Examination revealed a nonfibrous, fissure-shaped entrance to the middle-lobe
      bronchus. The cause of this stenosis was unclear. Endoscopic treatment consisted
      of splitting the spur and resulted in complete disappearance of the wheeze.

PMID- 4042719
TI  - Risks and benefits of peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4042720
TI  - Pulmonary edema and upper airway obstruction.

PMID- 4042718
TI  - Upper airway obstruction secondary to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related
      Kaposi's sarcoma.
AB  - A 45-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use presented with acute
      respiratory distress. A pulsus paradoxus of 42 mm Hg, accessory respiratory
      muscle use and stridor were present. Examination of the oropharynx revealed
      multiple 1 to 2 cm purple lesions of the gingiva and hard palate. A purple tumor
      mass in the posterior pharynx obstructed the view of the larynx. An emergency
      tracheostomy was performed resulting in hemorrhage into the respiratory tract.
      Autopsy revealed disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma and large blood clots in the
      trachea and main stem bronchus. This case illustrates the occurrence of life
      threatening involvement of the upper aerodigestive tract with Kaposi's sarcoma
      and hemorrhagic complications resulting from surgical manipulation.

PMID- 4042721
TI  - Isoxsuprine and pulmonary edema.

PMID- 4042722
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia-like complexes in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4042723
TI  - Pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and its interaction with endothelium.
      Morphologic considerations.
AB  - In pulmonary arteries the medial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells,
      though separated by an internal elastic lamina, come into contact by way of
      fenestrations in this lamina. Such a continuous elastic lamina is absent in
      pulmonary veins facilitating this contact. If vasoconstriction is induced in
      experimental animals, herniations of medial smooth muscle cells protruding toward
      endothelial cells provide an extensive and close association and thus a potential
      interaction between both cell types. This is particularly prominent in the veins.
      In arteries these herniations, which must penetrate the fenestrations in the
      elastic lamina, are far less conspicuous. Intimal fibrosis, for instance, as an
      age change, is not necessarily an impediment for such interaction, since the
      cells within the intimal layer have all the characteristics of smooth muscle
      cells and thus may provide a smooth muscle-endothelium contact.

PMID- 4042724
TI  - Relevance of endothelial surface structure to the activity of vasoactive
      substances.
AB  - Increasingly it appears that expressions of vascular reactivity depend to a
      significant degree on reactions that occur on or near the endothelial surface.
      While the full scope of such reactions is not yet clear, some are now understood
      in terms of ultrastructural specializations of endothelium.

PMID- 4042725
TI  - Peptides, endothelium, and pulmonary vascular reactivity.
AB  - The lung contains a number of active peptides that can influence endothelial and
      smooth muscle function. At least two of these peptides are metabolized by
      endothelium, and endothelium is required for the vasodilator action of several
      peptides. A vasodilator peptide, VIP, may be the transmitter of the
      nonadrenergic, noncholinergic system, the major component of neurogenic
      relaxation of pulmonary vessels.

PMID- 4042726
TI  - Calcium kinetics in vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - The accumulation, binding, and mobilization of Ca++ in vascular smooth muscle
      directly affects intracellular free Ca++ levels and contractility. Techniques
      have been developed to delineate Ca++ uptake and efflux parameters in isolated
      vessels. Similar Ca++-related components are present in different types of
      vessels, but their relative importance for induction and maintenance of tension
      differ.

PMID- 4042727
TI  - Smooth muscle contractility. Effects of hypoxia.
AB  - Mechanical perturbation of smooth muscle provides information about the
      mechanical properties of its crossbridges. We have developed a method for
      identifying: (1) that normally cycling and very slowly cycling are sequentially
      activated, (2) the moment of this transition, and (3) the proportions of the two
      types of bridges recruited. Hypoxia decreases muscle shortening ability before
      isometric force. The former is due to depression of activity of both types of
      bridges.

PMID- 4042728
TI  - Effect of oxygen concentration on cellular metabolism.
AB  - Experimental evidence is presented that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
      is dependent on oxygen concentration in its physiologic range both in vivo and in
      vitro. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is considered to act as a tissue
      oxygen sensor important for controlling local vascular resistance.

PMID- 4042729
TI  - The site and mechanism of oxygen sensing for the pulmonary vessels.
AB  - Lung vessels are unique in the body in that they react to hypoxia with
      constriction rather than dilatation. Whether this characteristic is inherent in
      the lung vessel or is due to an influence from a sensor in the surrounding lung
      parenchyma is not resolved. Recent data, however, showing that vascular hypoxia
      as well as airway hypoxia can produce pulmonary vasoconstriction and that the
      sensor for alveolar hypoxia is upstream in the precapillary vessels, allows but
      does not prove the precapillary pulmonary artery itself to be the O2 sensor. In
      addition, with the elimination of the mast cell as a necessary extravascular
      sensor for hypoxia at least in the mouse, there is no good candidate for an
      extravascular sensor for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.

PMID- 4042730
TI  - Site of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.

PMID- 4042731
TI  - Pulmonary gas exchange and exercise performance in pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Patients with pulmonary hypertension have disordered pulmonary gas exchange and
      impaired exercise tolerance. The hypoxemia is due to mild ventilation-perfusion
      (VA/Q) inequality exaggerated by the presence of a low mixed venous PO2 (PvO2)
      and is accentuated during exercise due to a further fall in PvO2. This in turn
      may be worsened by vasodilators which increase the degree of VA/Q inequality.
      Decreased exercise tolerance is due predominantly to cardiac limitation, and thus
      an improvement in cardiac function subsequent to successful vasodilation can be
      assessed by improved exercise performance.

PMID- 4042732
TI  - Calcium channel blockers in primary pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - The demonstration that the calcium channel blockers reduce pulmonary vasomotor
      tone in experimental models of pulmonary hypertension has served as the rationale
      for their use in the management of primary pulmonary hypertension. The three
      currently available agents, verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem, have varying
      degrees of pulmonary vasoactivity. Experience with their use is reviewed.

PMID- 4042733
TI  - Use of calcium channel blockers in hypoxic lung disease.
AB  - COPD patients who are hypoxic develop pulmonary hypertension primarily because
      alveolar hypoxia induces muscular hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries. This
      muscular hypertrophy will regress in animals if they receive continuous oxygen
      therapy. Since many COPD patients refuse to use oxygen continuously, calcium
      channel blockers, which inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, may be
      effective adjuvant therapy. Nifedipine lowers pulmonary vascular resistance
      during rest and exercise in hypoxic COPD patients.

PMID- 4042734
TI  - The role of vasodilators in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis.
      Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - The use of systemic vasodilator drugs in reducing pulmonary artery pressures in
      patients with pulmonary hypertension is controversial. The effect of hydralazine
      in four patients with pulmonary hypertension resulting from interstitial lung
      disease (group 1) and nifedipine in four patients with pulmonary hypertension
      secondary to progressive systemic sclerosis (group 2) was investigated.
      Hydralazine blunted exercise induced elevations in pulmonary arterial pressures
      in individual group 1 patients; nifedipine failed to effect significant salutory
      hemodynamic changes in any group 2 patients.

PMID- 4042735
TI  - Does pulmonary vasoconstriction play an important role in patients with primary
      pulmonary hypertension? A skeptic's view of vasodilator therapy.
AB  - Despite isolated reports of dramatic hemodynamic and clinical improvement over
      the past 30 years, most patients with primary pulmonary hypertension fail to
      benefit from treatment with vasodilator drugs and many develop serious adverse
      reactions. The failure of this approach strongly suggests that pulmonary
      vasoconstriction does not play an important role in the pathogenesis of this
      disorder.

PMID- 4042736
TI  - Dysphoric mood in young children referred to a child development unit.

PMID- 4042737
TI  - Mentally retarded teenagers: adolescent behavior disturbance and its relation to
      family environment.

PMID- 4042738
TI  - Normal and bright children of mentally retarded parents: the Huck Finn syndrome.

PMID- 4042739
TI  - Socio-psychosomatic dysfunctions: a case study.

PMID- 4042740
TI  - A psychological profile of juvenile firesetters in residential treatment.
AB  - Psychological test data of 30 known juvenile and adolescent firesetters were
      compared with those of a matched control group, within a residential treatment
      center, to distinguish the identifying characteristics of each group. Hypotheses
      based on 80 variables found in the literature on firesetting were treated by
      using a standard test equivalent for each variable. Of the hypotheses, 14 were
      found to differentiate significantly the two groups, but not all in the predicted
      direction. Four characteristics were found to be sufficient to discriminate
      between the groups with greater efficiency than any other combination of
      variables. A predictor equation is set forth.

PMID- 4042741
TI  - Reducing child abuse through respite center intervention.
AB  - Emergency respite care for children is shown to be effective in reducing stress
      on parents that can result in child abuse.

PMID- 4042742
TI  - Behavioral treatment of failure-to-thrive in a two-year-old.
AB  - Behavioral intervention was undertaken with a 2-year-old suffering from severe
      failure-to-thrive because it appeared that damaging feeding behaviors could be
      controlled. Altering the social patterns at mealtimes brought about gains in
      calorie intake and weight that continued through a 7-month follow-up period.

PMID- 4042743
TI  - A new multidimensional measure of children's perceptions of control.
AB  - Perceived control plays a central role in many motivational and cognitive
      accounts of behavior. In this study, a new 48-item self-report instrument, the
      Multidimensional Measure of Children's Perceptions of Control, is described.
      Perceptions of control are defined as children's understanding of the locus of
      the sufficient cause for success and failure outcomes. 3 dimensions of third-
      through ninth-grade children's perceptions of control are independently assessed:
      internal, powerful others, and unknown. Each of these sources of control is
      assessed within 3 behavioral domains: cognitive, social, and physical. General
      items are also included. Perceptions of control over success outcomes and failure
      outcomes are assessed separately. The psychometric properties of the new
      measure's subscales are presented. Correlations of the new measure with measures
      of perceived and actual competence and findings demonstrating the sensitivity of
      the new measure to developmental, gender, and environmental influences are
      reported. It is argued that the new measure is an advance over existing measures
      of internal versus external locus of control in children because it provides
      domain-specific assessments of 3 separate dimensions of locus of control,
      including the previously untapped dimension of unknown control.

PMID- 4042745
TI  - Optimality versus complications: assessing predictive values of perinatal scales.
AB  - In this study, 2 optimality scales and 3 complication scales were used to obtain
      perinatal risk scores for 103 infants. The scores generated by the 5 scales were
      compared for accuracy in predicting a variety of traditional and frequently used
      neonatal and infant outcome measures. The results were interpreted as showing an
      advantage in favor of the 3 complication scales in the number and variety of
      outcome measures that could be predicted from the scale scores.

PMID- 4042744
TI  - Repeated-measures analysis of variance in developmental research: selected
      issues.
AB  - This paper presents a review of recent developments in statistical techniques for
      repeated-measures analysis of variance. Since the literature has emphasized the
      issue of mixed model assumptions and their violation, we present an updated
      perspective on the nature of these assumptions and their implications for mixed
      model, adjusted mixed model, or multivariate significance tests. However, the
      central theme of the review is that the validity of mixed model assumptions is
      but one consideration in selection of an appropriate method of repeated-measures
      ANOVA. In particular, we recommend the avoidance of omnibus significance tests in
      favor of specific planned comparisons whenever hypotheses more specific than the
      omnibus null hypothesis may be formulated a priori. The analyst must also
      consider whether multiple dependent measures are to be analyzed, and the paper
      discusses alternative approaches to true multivariate repeated-measures designs.
      It also includes discussion of other relevant issues, including a brief review of
      the strengths and weaknesses of commonly available statistical software when
      applied to the analysis of repeated-measures data.

PMID- 4042746
TI  - Coping with aversive stimulation in the neonatal period: quiet sleep and plasma
      cortisol levels during recovery from circumcision.
AB  - Measures of behavioral state and plasma cortisol were obtained on 80 healthy,
      full-term, 2-3-day-old, male newborns who were scheduled to be circumcised. To
      establish baseline or precircumcision levels, the newborns were observed, and
      behavioral state was recorded for the half hour prior to circumcision. Blood was
      sampled via heelstick for plasma cortisol determination at the end of this
      observation period. The newborns were then circumcised and assigned randomly to
      one of 4 postcircumcision, blood-sampling time-point groups. The time points were
      30, 90, 120, and 240 min following the beginning of circumcision. Behavioral
      state was observed during circumcision and for the half hour prior to taking the
      second blood sample. The results showed a return to baseline cortisol levels
      sometime prior to 240 min, with data from an additional group of 10 newborns
      indicating that the return occurred by 150 min. Behavioral distress during
      circumcision was associated with elevations in plasma cortisol at 30 and 90 min.
      Quiet sleep was correlated negatively with plasma cortisol prior to circumcision,
      and significant increases in quiet sleep followed circumcision, with the greatest
      increase corresponding to the period of most rapid reductions in cortisol.

PMID- 4042747
TI  - Use of the Bayley Scales to characterize abilities of premature infants.
AB  - The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to 92 white, middle
      class infants, half of them premature and half full-term, at 1 year of age from
      term to determine whether this instrument is useful in characterizing the
      abilities of premature infants. Although both full-term and premature infants
      achieved mental and motor development scores within the average range, full-term
      infants attained significantly higher scores on both the Mental and Motor Scales.
      Both groups scored significantly lower on motor than mental functioning; however,
      the difference was significantly greater for premature infants. As a group,
      premature infants also evidenced greater variability in their performance on both
      the Mental and Motor Scales, and they showed greater intra-individual variability
      in performance of motor ability. Furthermore, premature infants were less likely
      to succeed on items testing eye-hand coordination, imitation, and vocalization.
      Preselected perinatal risk variables accounted for a significant amount of
      variance in both mental and motor ability of premature infants.

PMID- 4042748
TI  - Visual recognition memory: a predictor of later cognitive functioning in
      preterms.
AB  - A number of preterms who had participated in a study of visual recognition memory
      when they were 6 months of age were seen at older ages to assess the predictive
      validity of the early visual measures for cognitive outcome. The Bayley scales
      were administered at 6, 12, and 24 months, the Stanford-Binet at 34 and 40
      months, and the WISC-R at 6 years. Novelty scores, which reflect the relative
      amount of time infants look at new compared to familiar stimuli, constituted the
      measure of infant visual processing. These scores, obtained by averaging over
      performance on the 3 or 4 problems administered at 6 months of age, were
      consistently and significantly related to cognitive measures from 24 months to 6
      years, with correlations ranging from r = .53 to r = .66. Parental education,
      which was unrelated to novelty scores, bore a strong relationship to outcome
      beginning at 24 months. Although both measures contributed uniquely to the
      variance in cognitive outcome at 24 months and 6 years, visual novelty scores
      made a stronger contribution than did parental education. Neither 6- nor 12-month
      Bayley scores, nor various perinatal variables, were related to outcome.

PMID- 4042749
TI  - Infant temperament and subject loss in a habituation procedure.
AB  - It has been assumed that subject loss in habituation procedures is most likely
      due to random factors such as the behavioral state of the infant during testing.
      This study explored the possibility that infant temperament might contribute to
      subject loss. 114 infants at 3 age levels (11, 18, and 28 weeks) were rated by
      their mothers on a temperament questionnaire and then subjected to a habituation
      procedure. Analyses showed that female infants who were unable to complete the
      habituation task were reported as being more fussy and unadaptable. Female
      infants were less likely to complete at least part of the procedure than were
      male infants. The results suggest that subject loss in habituation studies may be
      the result of nonrandom individual difference factors and not just the result of
      temporary fluctuations in state.

PMID- 4042750
TI  - Development of the ability to use recall to guide action, as indicated by
      infants' performance on AB.
AB  - 25 infants were tested every 2 weeks on the AB Object Permanence Task devised by
      Piaget, from the age when they first reached for a hidden object until they were
      12 months. The delay between hiding and retrieval necessary to produce the AB
      error increased continuously throughout this period at an average rate of 2
      sec/month, from under 2 sec at 7 1/2 months to over 10 sec by 12 months. All
      children displayed the AB error repeatedly over the months of testing. Large
      between-children differences in delay needed for the AB error were found at each
      age. Girls tolerated longer delays than boys. The characteristic pattern to the
      AB error did not vary over age or sex. Range of delay producing the AB error in
      any child was small. Errors disappeared when delays were reduced by 2-3 sec, and
      reaching became random or severely perseverative when delays were increased 2-3
      sec above the level producing AB error. AB provides an index of the ability to
      carry out an intention based on stored information despite a conflicting habitual
      tendency.

PMID- 4042751
TI  - Patterns of attachment in two- and three-year-olds in normal families and
      families with parental depression.
AB  - Patterns of attachment were examined in normal and depressed mothers. Mother's
      diagnosis (bipolar, major unipolar, or minor depression, or no psychiatric
      disorder), self-reported current mood states, and affective behavior in
      interaction with the child were considered. A modified version of Ainsworth and
      Wittig's Strange Situation was used to assess attachment. Insecure (A, C, and A/C
      patterns) attachments were more common among children of mothers with a major
      depression (bipolar or unipolar) than among children of mothers with minor
      depression or among children of normal mothers. Insecure attachment was more
      frequent in children of mothers with bipolar depression than in children of
      mothers with unipolar depression. A/C attachments were associated with histories
      of most severe depression in the mother. In families in which mothers were
      depressed, depression in the father did not increase the likelihood of anxious
      attachment between mother and child. However, if mothers with a major affective
      disorder were without a husband in the household, risk of an insecure mother
      child attachment was significantly increased. The mothers' expressed emotions
      (positive vs. negative) in interaction with their children in situations other
      than the Strange Situation, and independent of diagnosis, predicted patterns of
      attachment: mothers of insecurely attached children expressed more negative and
      less positive emotion. Mothers' self-reports of moods on the days they were
      observed were unrelated to attachment. Results are discussed in terms of the
      transmission of social and emotional disorders in relation to mothers' affective
      functioning.

PMID- 4042753
TI  - The development of error correction strategies in young children's manipulative
      play.
AB  - The focus of this study was the strategies used by young children between 18 and
      42 months for correcting the errors they made as they attempted to nest a set of
      5 seriated cups. In the process of combining the cups, the children committed
      numerous errors (such as putting a cup that was too large on a smaller cup), and
      they tried to correct the majority of those errors. Detailed examination of the
      children's correction attempts revealed that the strategies they used changed
      substantially with age, becoming increasingly more flexible and involving more
      extensive restructuring of the relations among the cups. Earlier correction
      attempts tended to focus on a single, nonfitting cup or on a single relation
      between 2 cups. Later-appearing strategies involved the coordination of relations
      involving several cups. The same trend toward increasing flexibility of thought
      and action also appeared in the procedures the children used to combine the cups.
      This study thus documents a finely graded series of cognitively significant
      changes in children's constructive activity during a period that has been poorly
      differentiated by cognitive developmental research. In so doing, it demonstrates
      the usefulness for problem-solving research of analyzing how subjects go about
      trying to rectify their own mistakes.

PMID- 4042752
TI  - How lower- and working-class youth become middle-class adults: the association
      between ego defense mechanisms and upward social mobility.
AB  - This is a report of social mobility in 278 inner-city men studied for 4 decades
      and over 3 generations. 63.3% of the men and 59.8% of their children were
      upwardly mobile. 8 variables captured 28% of the explained variance in upward
      social mobility: IQ, mother's education, mother's occupation, boyhood ego
      strength, and four ego defense mechanisms--intellectualization, dissociation,
      sublimation, and anticipation. Of the 8 variables, intellectualization--the
      capacity to isolate ideation from the associated affect--explained the most
      unique variance, especially over 3 generations. Childhood relations of subjects
      with parents and father's IQ exerted no discernible effect on children's upward
      social mobility.

PMID- 4042754
TI  - Young children's comprehension of montage.
AB  - 2 studies examined children's comprehension of brief stop-animation televised
      segments incorporating elements of cinematic montage such as pans, zooms, and
      cuts. Children reconstructed the action and dialogue in these segments using the
      same dolls and settings depicted. In Study 1, there was no effect of cinematic
      techniques on reconstruction performance of 3- and 5-year-olds as compared to
      control segments filmed without these techniques. The results challenged the
      assumption that the use of such techniques per se contributes to young children's
      poor comprehension of television shows. In Study 2, 12 new segments were produced
      in which comprehending the montage required inferences of character perspective,
      implied action sequences, spatial relationships, and simultaneity of different
      actions. Averaging across all segments, 62% of the 4-year-olds and 88% of the 7
      year-olds demonstrated clear comprehension of the montage. Inferences concerning
      implied action sequences were easiest for both ages. Inferences of simultaneity
      were most difficult for 4-year-olds, whereas inferences of character perspective
      were most difficult for 7-year-olds. Preschool children are thus capable of
      understanding cinematic events conveyed through camera techniques and film
      editing, despite previous assertions to the contrary. This ability nevertheless
      substantially increases with age.

PMID- 4042755
TI  - [The influence of acidic conditions on polar exopolysaccharides which bind
      Rhizobium japonicum to soybean root hairs].
AB  - The influence of acidic conditions on rhizobial exopolysaccharides (EPS) and
      their symbiotic association in host plants, were investigated. Light micrographs
      of soybean root hairs were taken with a Fahraeus' slide assembly after the
      inocubation of rhizobial bacteria; curled and swollen root hairs, and the typical
      shepherd's crook with an infection thread were observed. The colonizations of
      soybean root hairs by rhizobia were different under acidic and neutral
      conditions. For the Rhizobium japonicum strain USDA 136, and the indigenous
      acidic soil strain KR 23, morphologically distinct types of cells occurred in the
      acidic and neutral yeast-extract-mannitol broths. The surface structure of R.
      japonicum, as examined with the carbon replica and negative stain techniques, was
      rod shaped and polar flagellated only when the cells were incubated under neutral
      conditions. The materials which reacted with the ruthenium red positive reagent
      are in all likelihood an acidic EPS, and are believed to effect the adhesive
      properties of the cells. Bacterial polarity, which could be more readily observed
      under neutral conditions than under acidic conditions, was related to the
      distribution of EPS near one end of the bacteria. EPS was found to effect the
      initial step of polar attachment in the effective infection of host roots. By
      using DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, the capsular polysaccharides
      from both strains of R. japonicum were also found to have different chemical
      components when observed in acidic and neutral cultures.

PMID- 4042756
TI  - Microbiological examination of foods sold via vending machines.
AB  - A total of 153 food specimens obtained from vending machines in Taipei city were
      subjects for the microbiological examination. Based on the standards for total
      microbial counts and total coliform counts established by the Department of
      Public Health, Republic of China, the unsatisfactory percentage of such counts
      for foods sold from vending machines were: 14% for carbonated beverages, 71% for
      non-carbonated beverages, 73% for ice cubes, and 100% for soft ice cream. Among
      the non-carbonic acid beverages examined, the unsatisfactory percentage for iced
      coffee, cocoa, chocolate milk, and fruit milk reached 90%. Escherichia coli and
      fecal streptococci each were found once. None of the pathogens causing food
      poisoning were found during the study. As for the sanitation control of vending
      machines examined, 66 to 74% percent were unsatisfactory.

PMID- 4042757
TI  - [Survey of helminthic infections and treatment of Taenia species infection among
      the aborigines in Chien-Shih District, Hsin-Chu County, northern Taiwan].
AB  - Six hundred and sixteen out of 770 (80%) aborigines examined were found to be
      infected with intestinal helminthes. A total of 7 species of parasites were
      detected with the formalin-ether concentration technique. The infection rate of
      Ascaris lumbricoides was 77.1%, Trichuris trichiura 28.8%, Taenia sp. 18.4%,
      Enterobius vermicularis 1.6%, and there was one case each of hookworm,
      Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta infections. Infection rate was slightly higher
      among females (81.3%) than males (78.9%). It was also higher in Yu-Feng (86.9%)
      than Shiu-Luan villages (75.5%). The incidence of helminthic parasites was found
      in all ages. 11-20 age-group was the highest (84.4%), followed by 1-10 (81.5%),
      51 and more (80.6%), 41-50 (77%), 31-40 (76%), and 21-30 (72%). In general, the
      rate seems to be higher among the young and old. But, the rate of Taenia sp. was
      increased with the increase in age. Taenia sp. was found to be of considerable
      high prevalence. However, only 7 out of the 252 (2.7%) junior high school
      students were found infected in contrast to the 18.4% found in the villages.
      After atabrine treatment, 108 adult worms, 83 with and 25 without scolices were
      obtained from 54 of 72 treated cases. The number of expelled worms varied from 1
      to 8, with an average of 2 worms per infected person. 29 (53.7%) aborigines
      expelled only one worm, and 25 (46.3%) cases expelled more than one worms.

PMID- 4042758
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of gallbladder carcinomas].
AB  - A retrospective study of 44 patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder is
      presented. It is noticeable that although the prognosis for advanced carcinoma of
      the gallbladder is poor, that of the early stages (stage I-III) is relatively
      better. In no case diagnosis was made preoperatively. In 86% gallstones were
      found. There has been no valid staging for tumors of the gallbladder or any
      generally accepted standardized therapy. Attention is drawn to the possibility of
      improving the results of therapy at the early stages by extended radical
      operation and to the necessity for early operative treatment of gallstone
      disease.

PMID- 4042760
TI  - [Advantages of computerized tomography diagnosis in acetabular fractures].
AB  - There is a comparison of conventional radiographs and computed tomography in 23
      patients presenting acetabular fracture. Four patients were treated
      conservatively because of their CT-findings. The result was successful. Surgery
      took place in 19 patients. Intraoperative findings verified CT-diagnosis in all
      cases, while diagnosis with conventional radiographs in 3 projections had to be
      corrected in 8 of 19 cases. Advantages of CT in acetabular fracture: 1. always
      manageable, 2. correct topography of fracture, 3. discovery of small especially
      intraarticular bone fragments, 4. judgement of congruity of the joint, 5. clear
      decision of management. 6. definite surgical approach. In conclusion, the CT
      scanning of acetabular fractures is preferable for correct classification as
      opposed to conventional radiographs; if only plain X-ray films are available CT
      scanning is to be required.

PMID- 4042759
TI  - [Femoropedal bypass: a step forward in peripheral bypass surgery?].
AB  - Femoropopliteal and femorocrural bypasses are standardized procedures. There is
      given a patency rate of 70-90% after a period of 5 years according to the
      progress of the disease and to the used graft material. Bypassing the lower limb
      in AOD (stage III and IV by Fontaine) it is possible to implant a femoropedal
      bypass. In our patients we had a patency rate of 81.3% during a follow-up time of
      13 months. An av-shunt nearby the distal anastomosis seems to be important.

PMID- 4042761
TI  - [Biomechanical analysis of the medullary bone nail and its locking].
AB  - By mechanical definition an intramedullary nail is not a nail but rather a
      bendable feather, subject to longitudinal tension and to a lesser degree to
      transverse pressure. Reaming the medullary canal is necessary for centralization
      of the nail as well as to increase the area of contact with the bone. However,
      this procedure is detrimental to the bone metabolism and reduces its elasticity
      against torsional forces. The dynamic locking nail-system is more biologic than
      conventional nailing and it reduces rotatory instability with the help of
      additional components, such as transverse screws. Only static locking allows true
      static weight bearing with crutches, but not dynamic mobilisation. Nails with
      conventional strength and in leaf of trefoil formation are superior to other
      designs. However, an improved angle in the proximal locking is suggested, as this
      would allow for a three to four times greater weight bearing.

PMID- 4042762
TI  - [Sacroiliac distorsion or subluxation--a medically established concept? X-ray
      diagnosis--bone scintigraphy].
AB  - 50 patients with complaints in the region of the sacroiliacal joints and the hip,
      but negative radiographs following injury to the pelvis were investigated by bone
      scan. Scintigraphic diagnosis always showed involvement of the pelvis ring other
      than the apparent fractures. Together with the clinical symptoms scintigraphic
      findings are interpreted as sacroiliacal strain or subluxation. Additional
      injuries to the acetabulum and to the lumbosacral joints may be present. The
      patients' complaints are explained, the injuries are localized and documented.

PMID- 4042763
TI  - [Differential surgical indications in benign tumors of Vater's ampulla].

PMID- 4042764
TI  - [Malignant melanoma of the gallbladder].

PMID- 4042765
TI  - [Perforation by a foreign body in esophagus duplication in an infant].

PMID- 4042766
TI  - [A new "nontraumatic" towel forceps].

PMID- 4042767
TI  - [Chemotherapy of the recurrence of tumors of the gastrointestinal system].

PMID- 4042768
TI  - [Therapy of recurrent colorectal cancers].
AB  - Colorectal cancers treated for cure by operative means show tumour recurrences
      and metastases in about 20% of the patients. Of these colon or rectal cancers 75
      and 90% respectively can be only operated for palliation. These patients have a
      better prognosis than those operated primarily for palliation. 25% of the cases
      especially with suture line recurrences can be operated upon radically enough and
      exhibit a total five year survival rate of 50%.

PMID- 4042769
TI  - [Significance of hemodynamic sequelae of aortic ligation in infrarenal aneurysms
      of the abdominal aorta].
AB  - The operative mortality in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is in large part
      attributable to a high incidence of myocardial infarction. This is a result of
      cardiovascular instability during aortic cross-clamping and declamping in
      patients with coexistent coronary artery disease. Therefore cardiodynamics
      (pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, PAWP; cardiac index, CJ) were studied in 31
      patients during abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. 12 patients (control) with a
      PAWP mean of 8 mmHg preoperatively showed impaired cardiac function after
      declamping and a significant fall in arterial pressure. 19 patients were volume
      loaded to a PAWP greater than 12 mmHg and the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor Aspirin
      was given preoperatively. This resulted in improved cardiac performance with no
      fall in arterial pressure after declamping. Optimal volume loading and cyclo
      oxygenase inhibition have the ability to prevent adverse hemodynamic responses to
      aortic clamping and declamping. Maintenance of optimal cardiac performance will
      reduce cardiovascular complications and postoperative mortality in abdominal
      aortic aneurysm repair.

PMID- 4042770
TI  - Transition from somatic to meiotic pairing and progressional changes of the
      synaptonemal complex in spermatocytes of Aedes aegypti.
AB  - Aedes aegypti spermatocytes were reconstructed from electron micrographs. The
      species has tight somatic pairing of the chromosomes, and there are therefore no
      classical leptotene and zygotene stages, but rather a gradual transition from
      somatic pairing to meiotic pairing (= pachytene). The term "prepachytene" has
      been used for the transitory stage. The first visible sign of impending meiosis
      was a reorganization of the chromatin, which resulted in the formation of spaces
      (synaptic spaces) in the chromatin, about the width of the synaptonemal complexes
      (SCs). Diffuse material, possibly precursor material for the SC, was present in
      the spaces. Later short pieces of complex were formed throughout the nucleus.
      Late prepachytene, pachytene, and diplotene complexes were reconstructed. Each
      chromosome occupied a separate region of the nucleus. The complexes became
      progressively shorter from prepachytene (maximum complement length 289 micron) to
      diplotene (175 micron). The thickness of the SCs increased from prepachytene to
      pachytene and probably decreased again during diplotene. At the beginning of
      diplotene the lateral elements (LEs) separated, and the single LEs became two to
      three times thicker than the LEs of the SC. The centromeres were at all stages
      attached to the nuclear membrane, whereas the telomeres were free in the
      nucleoplasm during pachytene and diplotene. A heterochromatic marker was present
      on chromosome 1 near the sex determining locus, and a diffuse marker on
      chromosome 3 near the nucleolus organizer region. After breakdown of the
      complexes, polycomplexes were present in the nucleus.

PMID- 4042772
TI  - Microtubules, chromosome movement, and reorientation after chromosomes are
      detached from the spindle by micromanipulation.
AB  - The relationship between chromosome movement and microtubules was explored by
      combining micromanipulation of living grasshopper spermatocytes with electron
      microscopy. We detached chromosomes from the spindle and placed them far out in
      the cytoplasm. Soon, the chromosomes began to move back toward the spindle and
      the cells were fixed at a chosen moment. The microtubules seen in three
      dimensional reconstructions were correlated with the chromosome movement just
      prior to fixation. Before movement began, detached chromosomes had no kinetochore
      microtubules or a single one at most. Renewed movement was always accompanied by
      the reappearance of kinetochore microtubules; a single kinetochore microtubule
      appeared to suffice. Chromosome movements and kinetochore microtubule
      arrangements were unusual after reattachment, but their relationship was not:
      poleward forces, parallel to the kinetochore microtubule axis (as in normal
      anaphase), would explain the movement, however odd. The initial arrangement of
      kinetochore microtubules would have led to aberrant chromosome distribution if it
      persisted, but instead, reorientation to the appropriate arrangement always
      followed. Observations on living cells permitted us to place in sequence the
      kinetochore microtubule arrangements seen in fixed cells, revealing the
      microtubule transformations during reorientation. From the sequence of events we
      conclude that chromosome movement can cause reorientation to begin and that in
      the changes which follow, an unstable attachment of kinetochore microtubules to
      the spindle plays a major role.

PMID- 4042773
TI  - [Peak expiratory flow (PEF) in normal subjects and patients with bronchial
      asthma].

PMID- 4042771
TI  - Interactions of nuclear proteins with DNA, during sperm differentiation in the
      ram.
AB  - Ram spermatid nuclei and caput epididymal sperm nuclei were prepared and treated
      with DTT under conditions avoiding proteolysis. Whole-mount preparations for the
      electron microscope were made in the presence or absence of the detergent Joy.
      The chromatin of the less mature, non-round spermatid nuclei displayed a
      nucleosomal organization that gradually disappeared at the time the histones
      leave the nuclei (elongating spermatids). Digestion with micrococcal nuclease
      suggests that polynucleosome arrays are scarcer and more accessible to nuclease
      in the elongating than in the round nuclei, with increasing amounts of DNA
      becoming devoid of nucleosomes. In the protamine-containing nuclei (elongated
      spermatids), only smooth filaments were observed, which formed thick fibers by
      parallel aggregation. The change from a nucleosomal organization to bundles of
      smooth filaments appeared to result from a complex process involving the
      transitory presence of conspicuous "knobby fibers" that suggest a periodicity in
      the organization of the spermatidal proteins along the DNA molecules. X-ray
      diffraction patterns obtained with protamine-containing spermatid nuclei and with
      sperm nuclei confirm that the DNA is arranged in smoothly bent bundles of
      parallel molecules. No higher-order reflections that might correspond to
      nucleosome structures were detected in the 30-200 A region.

PMID- 4042775
TI  - [Evaluation of measuring the diameter of the common pulmonary artery by two
      dimensional ultrasonic cardiography in the diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale].

PMID- 4042774
TI  - [Extrinsic allergic alveolitis: report of 8 cases with pigeon fancier's lung].

PMID- 4042776
TI  - [Comparative study of the direct measurement and echocardiographic observation of
      pulmonary pressure in healthy adults and patients with the chronic obstructive
      pulmonary diseases at high altitude].

PMID- 4042777
TI  - [Body-plethysmography and its constants].

PMID- 4042778
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of atelectasis with fiberobronchoscopy: analysis of 374
      cases].

PMID- 4042779
TI  - [Radiographic-pathologic correlative study of 311 cases of pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 4042780
TI  - [Survey of the tuberculosis initiative case-finding method].

PMID- 4042781
TI  - [Modes of case-finding of tuberculous patients in rural areas].

PMID- 4042782
TI  - Evaluation of a new blood cell counter with sheath flow system.
AB  - A blood cell counter with a sheath flow system has been developed to eliminate
      the drawback of the Coulter type blood cell counter, namely, signal distortion
      caused by the cells passing through the electric aperture gate. With the new
      system, signal distortion was low and a near-normal distribution curve for
      erythrocytes and resin particles was obtained. The counter has a computer program
      for determining the red cell distribution width, which represents an actual size
      difference at 20% of the relative frequency of the distribution curve. This is
      independent of mean cell volume, and is considered to be of clinical importance.
      We examined the values in 2,300 healthy subjects and patients with various
      hematological disorders.

PMID- 4042783
TI  - Analysis of the expression of cloned HLA class I genes in mouse transfected L
      cells by quantitative flow cytometry.
AB  - By using a calibrated cell sorter and monoclonal antibodies conjugated to
      fluorochromes, a quantitative analysis of the levels of expression of HLA class I
      molecules at the surface of cloned murine L cells transfected with purified A3,
      B7, or CW3 genes was performed and compared with radioimmunoassay data. We
      selected clones of heterogeneous levels of HLA class I expression, which were
      shown to remain constant over a period of 4 mo in absence of HAT selection and
      not to be correlated to the DNA copy number of the corresponding integrated gene.

PMID- 4042784
TI  - Cell kinetic effects of incorporated 3H-thymidine on proliferating human
      lymphocytes: flow cytometric analysis using the DNA/nuclear protein method.
AB  - Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes incorporating
      high concentrations of 3H-thymidine accumulate in G2 and show a consequent
      reduction in the number of cells entering M (division delay). The simultaneous
      flow cytometric analysis of DNA content (propidium iodide fluorescence) and
      nuclear protein content (fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorescence) allows for the
      accurate quantitation of these events; G2 and M are separated in the bivariate
      distributions. A good correlation was observed between mitotic indices,
      quantitated by manually counting mitotic cells, and integration of the M area in
      DNA/nuclear protein histograms. Moreover, significant differences in G2 nuclear
      protein levels were found between untreated and 3H-thymidine-treated lymphocytes.
      In order to characterize this effect, G2 was empirically divided into low nuclear
      protein (G2A) and high nuclear protein (G2B) compartments. 3H-thymidine caused an
      initial accumulation of lymphocytes in G2A, followed within 3-6 h by a gradual
      movement of some cells into G2B, with a subsequent accumulation of cells in G2B.
      The results suggest that the distribution of cells in G2 (G2A and G2B), the
      average nuclear protein content of G2B cells, and the proportion of cells in M
      are parameters that when used in combination provide a unique description of
      radiobiological effects.

PMID- 4042785
TI  - Flow cytometry of human colorectal tumors: nuclear isolation by detergent
      technique.
AB  - A simple one-step technique for detergent isolation and DNA staining of nuclei
      from mouse colon and from human colorectal tumors was investigated. Nuclear yield
      increased with treatment time, up to 24 h. There were only minor differences when
      detergent concentrations from 0 to 0.6% were used. The lowest (0.03%)
      concentration was most effective. No loss of nuclei was effected by cell lysis
      and no selectivity was observed for isolation of certain cell-cycle phases or
      ploidy classes from heterogeneous tumors. The nuclei were stable in the stain
      detergent solution for 24 h, but lymphocytes were sensitive to the possible
      proteolytic activity of one of the two commercial RNase preparations. Of the
      total number of parenchymal nuclei in mouse liver, as estimated by a
      stereological method, approximately 60% were isolated by the procedure
      (approximately 0.9 X 10(8) nuclei/g tissue). From mouse colon the average nuclear
      yield was 1.8 X 10(8)/g, and from human colorectal tumors 0.9 X 10(8)/g (ranges
      0.3-1.9 X 10(8]. Microscopic examination of undissolved tissue fragments from the
      preparation of tumors and mouse colon showed a high selectivity for isolation of
      epithelial and neoplastic nuclei, leaving the stroma with its nuclei almost
      intact.

PMID- 4042787
TI  - DNA image cytometry on machine-selected breast cancer cells and a comparison
      between flow cytometry and scanning cytophotometry.
AB  - A DNA image cytometry method, implemented on the LEYTAS image processing system,
      has been applied to acriflavine-Feulgen-stained breast cancer cytology specimens.
      An essential feature of the LEYTAS image cytometry method (LCM) is the automated
      selection of single nuclei according to predetermined specifications. Visual
      interaction has been used to reject remaining artefacts like overlapping nuclei.
      DNA profiles obtained with LCM have been compared with DNA profiles obtained by
      scanning cytophotometry (SCM) or flow cytometry (FCM). The resolution of DNA
      profiles obtained with LCM is similar to that from SCM but lower than that from
      FCM. However, a high correlation is found for the DNA indices measured with LCM
      and FCM (r = 0.97). The LCM profiles of aneuploid tumours generally showed lower
      accessory diploid fractions than FCM profiles due to the automated rejection of
      leukocyte nuclei. Also, LCM profiles frequently showed the presence of minor
      subpopulations of highly aneuploid/polyploid tumour cells that could not be
      identified by FCM. Therefore, LCM appears to be supplementary to FCM for studying
      tumour cell stemline heterogeneity.

PMID- 4042786
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of head and neck carcinoma DNA index and S-fraction from
      paraffin-embedded sections: comparison with malignancy grading.
AB  - Archival, paraffin-embedded, pathology specimens representing pretreatment tissue
      biopsies from 73 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck were
      analyzed for DNA Index and %S-phase cells by flow cytometry and were scored for
      quantitative histomorphology. The DNA fluorescence/light scatter size patterns
      derived from paraffin-embedded specimens were shown to be essentially the same as
      those from mechanically disaggregated, ethanol-fixed cells obtained from the same
      tissue specimen. Patterns ranged from lymphocyte-like to highly abnormal DNA
      Index cytokinetic patterns. The DNA Index values ranged from 0.70 to 3.50 (median
      1.42), with an aneuploidy frequency of 63/73 (86%). DNA distribution %S ranged
      from 4% to 45% (mean 19), with the microscopic malignancy grading showing broad
      heterogeneity (mean 2.1, range 1.0-3.0, where 1.0-1.7 = well differentiated, 1.8
      2.3 = moderately differentiated, 2.4-3.0 = poorly differentiated). Cross
      comparison of these data showed that (1) the tumor %S was dependent on DNA Index
      (higher %S at higher ploidy), (2) low to high malignancy tumors were randomly
      distributed between diploid/near diploid tumors and high-degree DNA abnormality
      tumors, and (3) proliferative activity values broadly overlapped between low to
      high malignancy scored tumors. However, those carcinomas characterized by high
      DNA Index (greater than or equal to 1.50) and high %S-phase fractions (greater
      than or equal to 20) had a five fold higher incidence of high-degree malignancy,
      invasive tumors than diploid/near diploid (%S less than or equal to 19) tumors.

PMID- 4042788
TI  - Spot-blot analysis of sorted chromosomes assigns a fructose intolerance disease
      locus to chromosome 9.
AB  - The aldolase B gene was mapped to chromosome 9 using a rapid gene mapping system.
      This system uses a dual-laser sorter to identify and separate metaphase human
      chromosomes stained with either DIPI-chromomycin or Hoechst-chromomycin.
      Chromosome panels were constructed from a normal cell line by sorting 22
      chromosome fractions directly onto nitrocellulose filters. Twelve labeled gene
      probes hybridized to the sorted chromosomal DNA fractions predicted by previous
      chromosome assignments. Eighteen newly cloned genes have been mapped using the
      same protocol.

PMID- 4042789
TI  - Droplet sorting of large particles.
AB  - The systematics of droplet formation conditions for orifices with diameters up to
      200 micron are described. Sorting recovery experiments indicate that particles up
      to 44 micron in diameter can be recovered by charged droplet deflection of two
      drops with at least 75% recovery. By reducing the jet velocity, a deflection of
      greater than 1 cm was obtained for all droplet sizes.

PMID- 4042790
TI  - The relationship between mean channel selection and the calculated coefficient of
      variation.
AB  - Calculated coefficients of variation (CV) taken from the quotient of the standard
      deviation (S.D.) and the mean value of measured distributions are often used as
      an indicator of system performance in linear flow cytometry (FCM). The ability of
      the calculated CV to estimate the true CV of the underlying experiment before
      grouping (channelization) is dependent on the relationship between the width of
      the data channels and the magnitude of the S.D. of the measured distribution.
      When the channel width is equal to the S.D. of a distribution, the calculated CV
      is approximately 20% larger than the true CV of an experiment. By the time the
      S.D. is only one-half of a channel width, the calculated CV is unreliable. When
      the distribution S.D. is narrower than a channel's width, small changes in the
      distribution mean value will cause large variations in the calculated CV. As the
      true CV decreases, the calculation must be made with higher mean channel values.
      This dependence of calculated CV accuracy upon the relationship between S.D. and
      channel width places limitations upon mean channel selection that must be
      considered when using CV calculations for evaluating system performance,
      especially when looking for small improvements during optical alignment
      procedures. When an instrument is assumed to have a constant CV and the data are
      collected linearly, it is possible to improve the CV estimation accuracy by
      placing distributions in higher-numbered channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4042791
TI  - A fast cell sampler for flow cytometry.
AB  - A simple device has been developed for delivering samples into a flow cytometer.
      Designed with economy, simplicity, and flexibility in mind, this device, having
      only one moving part, can be used for sample volumes as small as 20 microliter,
      for virtually any form of cell sample container, and for a wide range of cell
      concentrations. It consists essentially of a lever-operated disc valve that
      allows the cell sample to be loaded into a loop of tubing and then to be injected
      into the cytometer nozzle under pressure from a saline source. The sampler has
      lifted the maximum analytical throughput of a FACS II cell sorter to better than
      120 samples per hour.

PMID- 4042792
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of vitamin K1 in low-birth-weight neonates.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of vitamin K1 was studied in 21 newborn infants. 11 neonates
      had received no parenteral loading dose prior to the study (group I), while 10
      had been injected 5-10 mg vitamin K1 at birth (group II). At postnatal age 2-9 h,
      1 mg of vitamin K1 was injected intravenously, and small samples of blood (less
      than or equal to 500 microliter) were collected at different times during 6 h.
      Serum vitamin K1 and its epoxide were assayed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). In both groups, the disappearance curve showed two
      exponential components: a fast distribution component during the 1st h and a
      slower elimination component during the next 5 h. In group I, the plasma half
      life of the first component was between 18 and 52 min (median 23 min), and the
      half-life of the second was between 67 and 179 min (median 109 min). Both half
      lives were significantly higher in group II. The volumes of distribution were
      suggestive of distribution into plasma during the first phase and roughly into
      the extracellular water for the second component. Epoxide was detected in most
      patients 15 min after vitamin K1 injection, and after 3 h its concentration was
      higher than the concentration of vitamin K1. These data suggest that the kinetics
      of vitamin K1 in neonates is not very different from that in adults. The newborn
      infant is able to oxidize vitamin K1, a phenomenon in keeping with the gamma
      carboxylation of glutamic acid.

PMID- 4042793
TI  - Influence of continuous gastric suction on theophylline clearance in a newborn.

PMID- 4042794
TI  - Hemodynamic and acid-base effects of promazine on unanesthetized pregnant sheep
      and fetus.
AB  - Although promazine has been used in obstetrics for over 20 years, its effects
      upon hemodynamic and acid-base conditions of steady-state pregnant sheep and
      fetus has not been sufficiently investigated. To study these effects, 10
      experiments were performed in 5 ewes and their fetuses. Promazine (1 mg/kg/4 min)
      was administered intravenously to the ewes. Significant maternal changes
      included: reduction in hemoglobin from 9.1 +/- 0.43 to 8.4 +/- 0.43 g/100 ml at
      120 min, O2 content from 12.1 +/- 0.61 to 10.8 +/- 0.59 vol% at 90 min, O2
      saturation from 9.7 +/- 2.58 to 95.4 +/- 2.80% at 15 min, and blood pressure from
      86.1 +/- 4.94 to 74.1 +/- 2.55 mm Hg at 45 min. The heart rate increased from 84
      +/- 2.64 to 100 +/- 5.03 beats/min at 120 min. The uterine blood flow remained
      unchanged. The fetus developed mild metabolic acidosis as manifested by the
      reduction in pH from 7.375 +/- 0.008 to 7.35 +/- 0.005 at 45 min. No other fetal
      hemodynamic changes were observed. The significance of these findings is
      discussed.

PMID- 4042795
TI  - Retinopathy in young-onset diabetic patients.
AB  - The relative importance of duration of diabetes before and after 13 yr of age as
      a risk factor for retinopathy was investigated using data from 200 persons who
      were younger than 26 yr of age. These persons were identified in a population
      based study of diabetic retinopathy in southern Wisconsin in 1980-1982.
      Retinopathy was found in 9% of persons who were younger than 13 yr and in 34% of
      persons who were 13 yr or older and had been diagnosed at or after 13 yr.
      Presence of retinopathy was more strongly associated with the duration of
      diabetes after 13 yr of age than before it.

PMID- 4042796
TI  - Incidence of diabetic retinopathy and blindness: a population-based study in
      Rochester, Minnesota.
AB  - Among the 1135 Rochester residents discovered to have diabetes in the period 1945
      69, the prevalence of retinopathy was 2.6% at the time of initial diagnosis.
      Among those free of retinopathy at diagnosis of diabetes, the subsequent
      incidence of any retinopathy was 17.4 per 1000 person-years and for proliferative
      retinopathy alone was 1.6 per 1000 person-years, based on 12,000 person-years of
      follow-up. The incidence rate of retinopathy was almost three times greater among
      residents with insulin-dependent (IDDM) than with non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      (NIDDM); however, the actual number of retinopathy cases was over four times
      greater among the more numerous residents with NIDDM. By 20 yr after diagnosis of
      diabetes, the cumulative incidence of retinopathy approached 70% among IDDM
      subjects and was 30% and 36%, respectively, among the obese and nonobese NIDDM
      residents. The epidemiologic patterns for proliferative retinopathy were
      qualitatively similar to those for nonproliferative retinopathy. The risk of
      blindness was greater among those with proliferative than with nonproliferative
      retinopathy but was substantial even for those without retinopathy. Most
      blindness was caused by factors other than isolated diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 4042797
TI  - The prevalence of retinopathy is similar in diabetes mellitus secondary to
      chronic pancreatitis with or without pancreatectomy and in idiopathic diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - In a retrospective study, we compared the prevalence of retinopathy in two groups
      of 88 diabetic patients (84 men, 4 women) with either diabetes mellitus secondary
      to chronic pancreatitis (CP-DM group) or idiopathic diabetes mellitus (I-DM
      group). The patients of these two groups were pair-matched according to age (48.7
      +/- 1.1 versus 48.8 +/- 1.0 yr in CP-DM and I-DM groups, respectively; mean +/-
      SEM), sex, duration of diabetes (7.96 +/- 0.56 versus 8.08 +/- 0.8 yr) and
      therapy (80 on insulin and 8 on oral hypoglycemic agents in each group).
      Retinopathy was assessed by bilateral ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus
      after pupillary dilation in all 176 patients and by fluorescein angiography in 47
      patients with CP-DM and 35 patients with I-DM. Forty-one percent of patients in
      the CP-DM group and 45.5% of patients in the I-DM group had diabetic retinopathy
      (P greater than 0.5). In each group, patients with retinopathy were older than
      patients without retinopathy (51.6 +/- 1.3 versus 46.7 +/- 1.8 yr in the CP-DM
      group, P less than 0.01, and 52.1 +/- 1.5 versus 46.0 +/- 1.2 yr in the ID-M
      group, P less than 0.01). They had diabetes of longer duration (10.9 +/- 1.0
      versus 5.9 +/- 0.6 yr in the CP-DM group, P less than 0.001, and 10.5 +/- 1.0
      versus 6.0 +/- 0.6 yr in the ID-M group, P less than 0.001). The prevalence of
      retinopathy increased parallel to the duration of diabetes in a similar way in
      both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042798
TI  - Quantification of early subclinical limited joint mobility in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Limited joint mobility (LJM) has been described in juvenile diabetic patients by
      Rosenbloom et al.; similar abnormalities are also present in adult diabetes. This
      modification may be associated with a high risk of microvascular complications.
      We tested the use of a goniometer in measuring subclinical joint limitation in 50
      adult diabetic patients without overt, i.e., clinically evident, LJM as described
      by these authors. This diabetic population was compared with 118 nondiabetic
      adult controls. We found significant changes in hand mobility between the two
      groups for wrist flexion and extension of the 3rd and 5th fingers (P less than
      0.001). Age was correlated to wrist flexion, wrist extension, and proximal
      interphalangeal flexion of the little finger. Wrist extension correlated with
      duration of diabetes (r = -0.37, P less than 0.01). Heavy manual activities
      significantly limited all motions except wrist and 5th finger metacarpophalangeal
      flexion. Early systematic examination by goniometry may prove to be a sensitive,
      quantitative, and inexpensive way of detecting joint stiffness at an early stage.

PMID- 4042799
TI  - Neonatal mortality in infants of diabetic mothers.
AB  - To assess the effects of an educational program emphasizing detection and tight
      control of maternal glucose levels during pregnancy, the management and outcome
      of all pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus delivered at a county
      hospital during two time periods, 1978-1980 and 1981-1983, are compared. The
      prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy was 1.4% between 1978 and 1980 and 2.6%
      between 1981 and 1983 (P less than 0.01). The perinatal death rate decreased for
      infants of diabetic mothers from 100 per thousand deliveries in 1978-1980 to 32
      per thousand in 1981-1983 (P less than 0.02). The perinatal death rate for
      infants of mothers with gestational diabetes was nearly the same as the perinatal
      death rate for all neonates born in the state in 1981-1983. Congenital anomalies
      followed by stillbirths were the most frequent causes of perinatal death.

PMID- 4042800
TI  - Prospective evaluation of HDL cholesterol changes after diet and physical
      conditioning programs for patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
AB  - High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is known to be low in patients with
      diabetes mellitus. Low HDL levels are correlated with premature cardiovascular
      mortality in several major epidemiologic studies and many investigators believe
      increases in HDL cholesterol may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. We
      evaluated dietary and exercise interventions in relation to HDL cholesterol in
      patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Sixty-five volunteers were randomly
      assigned to one of four experimental conditions: diet, exercise, diet plus
      exercise, or education control. Three months after entering the program, those
      exposed to the dietary intervention had significant increases in HDL cholesterol.
      HDL increases for the other two treatment groups did not differ significantly
      from the education control.

PMID- 4042801
TI  - Pancreatic polypeptide: a marker for lean non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus?
AB  - Both basal and postprandial pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were
      exaggerated twofold in lean NIDDM patients, whereas they were normal in lean IDDM
      and obese NIDDM patients who were hyperglycemic as a result of partial insulin
      withdrawal. Insulin infusion from an artificial endocrine pancreas, which
      resulted in fasting euglycemia and near-normoglycemia postprandially, had no
      effect on PP responses in any of the diabetic patients. No postprandial PP
      responses were observed in totally pancreatectomized (TPX) patients. Excessive
      basal and postprandial concentrations of PP in diabetes appear to be related to
      both leanness and residual beta cell function and, therefore, potential markers
      for lean NIDDM.

PMID- 4042802
TI  - Self-monitoring of blood glucose: how accurate are children with diabetes at
      reading chemstrip bG?
AB  - Accuracy of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) using Chemstrip bG (Bio
      Dynamics, Indianapolis, Indiana) was studied in 90 randomly selected children
      with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). For 28 children (mean age 8.3 +/
      3.6 yr) a parent routinely read the Chemstrip at home. The remaining 62 children
      (mean age 13.7 +/- 2.8 yr) read the Chemstrip themselves. Each child or parent
      analyzed 20 capillary blood samples using Chemstrips and answered a questionnaire
      on SMBG. The accuracy of SMBG of the group was high (mean correlation coefficient
      = 0.89 +/- 0.05), but consistency of measurement was variable (mean standard
      deviation = 1.90 +/- 0.57) and there was a general tendency to underread
      Chemstrips (mean y-intercept = 1.05 +/- 1.48; mean slope = 0.80 +/- 0.17). For
      each subject, 0-65% (mean of 34%) of readings were within 10% of the laboratory
      measurement, and 17-100% (mean 68%) within 20%. These results indicate that most
      subjects were fairly accurate in reading Chemstrips; however, analysis of
      accuracy is useful in identifying individuals who are inaccurate or inconsistent
      in SMBG. Continuing supervision of SMBG is necessary in children with IDDM.

PMID- 4042803
TI  - High prevalence of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) among Indians.
AB  - This article describes the high prevalence of maturity-onset diabetes in the
      young (MODY) in an Indian clinic population of diabetic patients. MODY appears to
      be more common among Indians than among Caucasians. Only 27% of MODY patients had
      definite autosomal-dominant inheritance. In 73% the mode of inheritance was not
      definite. Microvascular complications were common and macrovascular complications
      rare. The high prevalence of MODY in this diabetes clinic might suggest an ethnic
      variation in diabetes.

PMID- 4042804
TI  - The effect of blood glucose concentration on labile A1c in diabetic patients.
AB  - We investigated the magnitude of labile A1c in total A1c measured rapidly by a
      chromatographic method, and whether or not there was an effect of blood glucose
      before and after a meal on labile A1c in 94 type I and 178 type II diabetic
      subjects. There were strong correlations between serum glucose and labile A1c
      both in type I (r = 0.76, P less than 0.001) and in type II diabetic subjects (r
      = 0.72, P less than 0.001). These relationships did not change before and after
      the meal. As labile A1c increased in proportion to blood glucose, it could be
      calculated from the blood glucose level in simultaneous blood samples. In type I
      diabetic subjects, below the 100-mg/dl glucose level labile a was negligible, and
      above 100 mg/dl about 0.35% labile A1c was increased every 50-mg/dl increment of
      glucose. In type II diabetic subjects, below a 150-mg/dl glucose level labile A1c
      was in the normal range (0.58 +/- 0.15%), and above the 150-mg/dl glucose level
      every 50-mg/dl increment of glucose increased about 0.3% of labile A1c. If this
      process is used, stable A1c can be calculated easily from total A1c and
      coincident serum glucose, even though labile A1c is not removed by incubation.

PMID- 4042805
TI  - Glucose tolerance in granuloma annulare.
AB  - Granuloma annulare (GA) may be associated with glucose intolerance. Twenty-one
      patients with GA were evaluated. Four patients were found to have frank diabetes
      mellitus and 2 were excluded from the data analysis because of obesity. The
      remaining patients and 14 age- and weight-matched controls had oral and
      intravenous glucose tolerance tests (GTT). During the oral GTT the fasting plasma
      glucose, the 2-h plasma glucose, the area of the glucose curve, the 1-h serum
      insulin, and the area of the insulin curve were all significantly greater in the
      GA patients than in the controls. During the intravenous GTT the immediately
      releasable insulin pool was intact, while the fasting plasma glucose and the area
      of the glucose curve were greater in the GA patients than in the controls. The
      data taken together suggest that glucose tolerance may be reduced in GA and that
      insulin resistance may exist.

PMID- 4042806
TI  - Diabetic nephropathy and proliferative retinopathy with normal glucose tolerance.
AB  - A 61-yr-old man presented with the nephrotic syndrome and normal oral glucose
      tolerance. Renal biopsy showed the nodular (Kimmelstiel-Wilson) and diffuse
      glomerulosclerosis lesions characteristic of diabetes. Direct ophthalmoscopy and
      fluorescein angiography demonstrated a picture of advanced proliferative diabetic
      retinopathy. The patient had no history of diabetes mellitus and upon testing had
      normal glucose values in response to an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin
      response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test was abnormally low. It is
      concluded that the nodular glomerulosclerosis lesions and proliferative
      retinopathy, thought to be specific for diabetes mellitus, may present in the
      absence of either overt clinical diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.

PMID- 4042807
TI  - Commentary on the National Standards for Diabetes Patient Education Programs.

PMID- 4042808
TI  - Effect of stress on blood glucose in IDDM.

PMID- 4042810
TI  - "Locked in" syndrome following prolonged hypoglycemia.

PMID- 4042809
TI  - Rectal glucose administration cannot be used to treat hypoglycemia.

PMID- 4042811
TI  - Molecular cloning of mouse mammary gland kappa-casein: comparison with rat kappa
      casein and rat and human gamma-fibrinogen.
AB  - A cDNA clone for kappa-casein mRNA from the lactating mouse mammary gland was
      isolated and its nucleotide sequence determined. Analysis of the deduced amino
      acid sequence revealed a precursor protein with a 21-amino-acid signal sequence
      and a mature protein of 160 amino acids, the mature mouse protein being 3 amino
      acids longer than the rat kappa-casein. Northern blot analysis of the lactating
      rat and mouse mammary gland showed a specific mRNA for rat kappa-casein and two
      distinct mRNAs for mouse kappa-casein. This result is explained by the presence
      of two putative polyadenylation sites in mouse kappa-casein cDNA, whereas rat
      kappa-casein cDNA has only one polyadenylation site. Comparison of the nucleotide
      sequence and of the deduced amino acid sequence of kappa-casein from mouse with
      that of the rat showed 85% homology between the two sequences. However, when
      amino acid sequences of kappa-casein from rat and mouse were compared with ovine
      kappa-casein, only a 45% homology was observed. Amino acid sequences of kappa
      casein from rat, mouse, and sheep were 36.53% homologous with rat and human gamma
      fibrinogen. The extent of homology was similar (32%) when nucleotide sequences of
      corresponding cDNAs were compared. The stretches of homology existing at
      different regions between the two proteins were more confined toward the amino
      terminal half of gamma-fibrinogen. However, when nucleotide sequences were
      compared, mouse kappa-casein cDNA showed homology only with the second half of
      the rat gamma-fibrinogen cDNA, i.e., between nucleotides 661-1135. The homology
      with the human gamma-fibrinogen cDNA spanned over two regions, one between
      nucleotides 1-328 and the second between nucleotides 591-726.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042812
TI  - Cloning and sequencing of a human 18S ribosomal RNA gene.
AB  - A clone containing an 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene has been isolated from a
      human genomic library constructed in lambda Charon 4A. This gene was sequenced
      and found to be 1868 bp long. The sequence divergencies in the human 18S rRNA
      gene and the previously sequenced mouse and rat genes are found in one G + C-rich
      region of 110 bp located in the 5' domain of the molecule. Except for this
      variable region, extensive homology exists among these three mammalian genes.
      Overall, the human 18S rRNA gene is 98.8% homologous with those of rat and mouse.

PMID- 4042813
TI  - Thyroid hormone regulation of thyrotropin alpha- and beta-subunit gene
      transcription.
AB  - We studied the effect of thyroid hormone on the transcription of the genes for
      the alpha- and beta-subunits of thyrotropin (TSH) in thyrotropic tumors (IAK 109D
      and 109F) carried in hypothyroid mice. Gene transcription was measured in
      isolated nuclei by allowing completion of RNA chains initiated in vivo in the
      presence of [alpha-32P]UTP and by hybridization of labeled RNA transcripts to
      filter-bound plasmids containing alpha or TSH-beta cDNA sequences. Treatment of
      animals carrying tumor IAK 109D with 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) (5
      micrograms/100 g body weight) for 2 hr reduced TSH-beta gene transcription to
      less than 10% of control levels, whereas alpha RNA synthesis was reduced to 59%
      of control. The inhibition of TSH-beta gene activity was maintained after 6 hr of
      T3 treatment, whereas alpha gene transcription rose slightly to 77% of control.
      The tumor content of alpha and TSH-beta mRNA, determined by dot blot
      hybridization with 32P-labeled plasmid probes containing alpha or TSH-beta cDNAs,
      was unchanged after 2 hr of T3 treatment, and each was reduced by approximately
      25% at 6 hr. These untreated tumors contained approximately equal amounts of
      alpha and TSH-beta mRNA. However, the basal rate of TSH-beta gene transcription
      was threefold greater than that of alpha gene transcription. Treatment of animals
      bearing tumor IAK 109F with the same dose of T3 for 30 min did not significantly
      affect alpha or TSH-beta gene transcription, but at 2 hr alpha and TSH-beta RNA
      synthesis had decreased to 50% and 10% of control values, respectively.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042814
TI  - Detection of specific DNA sequences with short biotin-labeled probes.
AB  - We have developed a simple, general synthesis of nonradioactive DNA probes in
      which biotin is attached to the 5'-terminal phosphate of an
      oligodeoxyribonucleotide 16 bases long via an ethylenediamine or
      hexamethylenediamine linker. The products are stable under normal hybridization
      conditions. They hybridize to target DNA as efficiently as the underivatized
      oligodeoxyribonucleotide. Color development, using a commercially available kit,
      is complete within 3 hr using the biotin-detection method. The sensitivity of
      detection of homologous DNA with a probe to which biotin was attached via a
      hexamethylenediamine linker is about one-tenth of that achieved overnight by
      autoradiography with the corresponding 32P-labeled probe.

PMID- 4042815
TI  - Six cases of central serous choroidopathy induced by systemic corticosteroid
      therapy.
AB  - We report 6 cases of central serous choroidopathy (including pigment epithelial
      detachment in one case) which appeared in the course of systemic corticosteroid
      administration conducted to cure concurrent general diseases, and in one patient
      with a steroid-releasing pituitary adenoma. The majority of cases arose within
      about one month following the administration of more than 200 mg of prednisolon.
      It is postulated that corticosteroids operate as a kind of stress intervening in
      the hypophysis-adrenal system, leading eventually to the development of central
      serous choroidopathy.

PMID- 4042816
TI  - Retinitis-pigmentosa-like tapetoretinal degeneration in a rabbit breed.
AB  - By chance, we found a rabbit strain with retinal dystrophy. The eyes of these
      rabbits were examined by ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography, histology, and
      cytology--the latter after retina dissociation with papaine. The results suggest
      this rabbit strain to be a possible animal model for human retinitis pigmentosa.

PMID- 4042818
TI  - Electrophysiological studies on Kirisawa type uveitis (acute retinal necrosis).
AB  - Kirisawa type uveitis (acute retinal necrosis) is characterized by a necrotizing
      retinitis, heavy vitreous opacities, retinal vasculitis, and subsequent retinal
      detachment. Not only the etiology but also the clinical findings of this disease
      have not yet been defined. In the preceding year we have seen four patients whose
      clinical course and findings were similar to each other. In two of them a
      vitrectomy and an encircling operation have been performed before retinal
      detachment occurred. This treatment has found to be effective. In all 4 cases
      electrophysiological examinations were done at various stages of the disease.
      ERGs following pattern and flash stimuli varied in accordance with retinal
      changes, while VECPs were less strongly affected as ERGs. Results are discussed
      referring to fluorescein angiographic findings and ocular changes.

PMID- 4042817
TI  - Multiple sclerosis: abnormalities in luminance, chromatic, and temporal function
      at multiple retinal sites.
AB  - Visual function was assessed in a group of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)
      and in a group of matched normal controls. In these patients the disease was
      relatively mild. For each subject, measures of a range of psychophysical visual
      functions were carried out at multiple sites in each eye. Previous reports have
      only included some of these functions. Here, luminance threshold, two-flash
      resolution, perceptual latency, luminance critical flicker frequency (CFF), and
      chromatic CFF were all measured. Variabilities of these functions and correlation
      between chromatic and luminance CFFs were also evaluated. For both the MS group
      and the normal control group, the correlations between pairs of visual parameters
      were not overall significantly greater than chance level. The MS group did give a
      significantly reduced value relative to the normal group for luminance CFF and
      for the gradient of the plot of chromatic CFF against luminance CFF. This group
      was then subdivided according to history of visual involvement. The subgroup with
      previous visual symptoms had significant impairment for luminance threshold,
      variability of luminance threshold, luminance CFF, variability of two-flash
      resolution, and for the gradient of the plot of chromatic CFF against luminance
      CFF. The subgroup without previous visual symptoms showed no significant
      impairment for any individual parameter, although the gradient of the plot of
      chromatic CFF against luminance CFF was lower than normal.

PMID- 4042819
TI  - The C-wave in hereditary degenerations of the ocular fundus.
AB  - The c-wave of the human direct current ERG may give new insights about the
      involvement of the retinal pigment epithelium in hereditary degenerations. In our
      single-sweep recordings from 236 alert patients we saw reduced c-waves not only
      in vitelliforme macular degenerations but also in dominantly inherited drusen,
      Stargardt's disease, cone dystrophies, and x-linked retinoschisis. In
      achromatopsia the c-wave was close to normal. The relationship of the b- and c
      wave, however, was altered only in Best's disease, cone dystrophy, and x-linked
      retinoschisis. We postulate that the c-wave when more severely reduced than the b
      wave reflects not merely the dysfunction of the pigment epithelium but more
      precisely whether this retinal layer is involved earlier than the photoreceptors.

PMID- 4042820
TI  - Electrophysiological analysis of Stargardt's disease fundus flavimaculatus group.
AB  - Stargardt's disease-fundus flavimaculatus has four general distribution patterns
      in fundus appearance: (1) macular degeneration without flecks; (2) macular
      degeneration with perifoveal flecks; (3) macular degeneration with diffuse
      flecks; and (4) diffuse flecks without macular degeneration (Noble and Carr,
      1979). Four cases corresponding each to the four subgroups were studied
      electrophysiologically by our new tests for the cone receptor cell (rapid off
      response in the ERG) and for the retinal pigment epithelium (the hyperosmolarity
      response and the Diamox response). The results of our electrophysiological tests
      appear consistent with the histological findings by Klien and Krill (1967) and by
      Eagle et al. (1980), showing that the primary defect of fundus flavimaculatus is
      in the retinal pigment epithelium. Electrophysiologically, the severity of the
      disease correlated well with each fundus pattern.

PMID- 4042821
TI  - Electrophysiological similarities between two eyes with X-linked recessive
      retinoschisis.
AB  - Electroretinograms (ERG) and electro-oculograms (EOG) were studied in 88 eyes of
      44 male patients with X-linked recessive retinoschisis. Differences of fundus
      appearance, ERG, and EOG between the eyes of each patient were analyzed. Fundus
      abnormalities were symmetrical in 77.3% of the cases. The amplitude of the ERG a
      wave was normal in 26.1% and was abnormally low in 73.9%. The amplitude of the b
      wave was below normal in all eyes; thus a small b-wave/a-wave ratio, which is
      characteristic of X-linked recessive retinoschisis, was observed in every case.
      The light peak to dark trough (LP/DT) ratio of the EOG was normal in 90.8% of the
      cases. The relative electrophysiological differences between the two eyes were
      calculated and showed that a-wave amplitude was not different between eyes in
      75.0% of the cases; b-wave amplitude was not different in 77.3% of the cases; b
      wave/a-wave ratio was symmetrical in 93.2% of the cases; and the LP/DT ratio was
      consistent between eyes in 86.8% of the cases. These results suggest that in most
      cases of X-linked recessive retinoschisis the fundus appearance, ERG, and EOG are
      similarly affected in both eyes of the patient.

PMID- 4042822
TI  - Disease-specific electrophysiological findings in adult ceroid-lipofuscinosis
      (Kufs disease).
AB  - Two adults with mild dementia and a history of memory loss and disequilibrium
      were seen in the eye clinic following complaints of acuity loss in the 20/30
      20/70 (Snellen) range. Results from the fundus examination of one patient were
      entirely normal; the other showed minimal vascular attenuation and optic atrophy.
      Electrophysiology was remarkable: (1) Photopic ERG b-waves were reduced, delayed,
      and showed pronounced oscillations. (2) EOG 'light-rise' potentials were absent
      or very small. (3) Binocular pattern-VER signals showed addition of the monocular
      signal. Scotopic ERG signals were normal. Brain biopsy and microscopy showed
      intercellular, autofluorescent ceroid deposits which provided a clear diagnosis
      of Kufs disease. Histology of model animal retinal cells show ceroid deposits in
      cell classes implicated by the human retinal signals. The cluster of
      electrophysiological results point toward early changes in the pigment epithelium
      and inner plexiform layer cells as a means of noninvasive diagnosis.

PMID- 4042823
TI  - Menkes' kinky hair disease: clinical and experimental study.
AB  - A pedigree of Menkes' kinky hair disease (MKHD) is reported. One patient of this
      family who underwent copper treatment was followed for three years with fundus
      examinations and ERG measurement. The blood copper level remained normal after
      six months of age, when intravenous treatment was switched from cupric acetate to
      cupric sulfate. Optic nerve atrophy and decrease in amplitude of the ERG were
      observed at three years of age. In an experiment using mouse models of MKHD
      (macular mouse mutant, Moml), we compared the affected mice that received copper
      treatment with normal mice. However, there was no difference between them in ERG
      responses, number of ganglion cells, or thickness of retinal layers. These
      results support the possibility of prolonged survival and maintained vision in
      the patients of MKHD by earlier normalization of the copper level.

PMID- 4042824
TI  - Hereditary retinal degeneration in the Abyssinian cat: correlation of
      ophthalmoscopic and electroretinographic findings.
AB  - Ophthalmoscopic and electroretinographic (ERG) findings were correlated in a
      group of Abyssinian cats affected by a slowly progressive and hereditary retinal
      degenerative disease. According to ophthalmoscopic findings the disease was
      divided into stages. At stage 1 and 2 retinal changes were minor; showing a gray
      discoloration most often in the peripheral and midperipheral tapetal fundus. At
      stage 3 discoloration was generalized and there was marked vascular attenuation.
      A generalized retinal atrophy was found at stage 4. ERG recordings showed an
      abnormally depressed stimulus response curve for the b-wave at stage 1 of disease
      when 30-Hz cone flicker responses were indistinguishable from normal. With
      progression of disease there was a successive decrease of a- and b-wave
      amplitudes before there was a significant reduction also of the c-wave amplitude
      (first seen at stage 3). The ERG was nonrecordable at stage 4. These findings
      suggest that the photoreceptors are affected primarily by the disease, before
      there is a functional involvement also of the pigment epithelium. The rod system
      seems to be affected early in the disease as compared with the cone system. A
      staging of the disease by ophthalmoscopy correlated more to the function of the
      rods than to that of the cones.

PMID- 4042825
TI  - Dark- and light-adapted visual evoked cortical potentials in retinitis
      pigmentosa.
AB  - Fifty patients with all genetic types of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) were tested
      with the visually evoked cortical potential (VECP) by full-field flashes of blue
      and red light in the dark-adapted state and white light flashes in the light
      adapted state. VECPs were recorded in all but one of these patients, even those
      with only a few degrees of central visual field remaining. In a subgroup of
      patients the absence of the VECP to blue light, dark-adapted, was correlated with
      a final dark-adapted threshold at or above cone threshold. These observations
      suggest that the VECP may be a useful objective method of assessment of patients
      with RP especially patients without detectable ERGs.

PMID- 4042826
TI  - Recording neuromagnetic fields in retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - After stimulation of the left and right half-fields, it is possible to record
      contralateral visually evoked neuromagnetic fields (VEF) without any reference to
      the size of the half-field stimulus display. The test reacts extremely
      sensitively upon each shifting of the half field into the periphery to the left
      or right. By application of half-field pattern stimuli of an extremely high or
      low spatial frequency, characteristic deviation angles are obtained for both the
      spatial frequencies after evaluation of the VEF amplitudes. By this method the
      foveal acuity in RP can be investigated with an objective procedure to a very
      high degree of accuracy.

PMID- 4042827
TI  - Rod-cone interactions in the ERG of a patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
AB  - During routine ERG testing of a patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome, we
      encountered an ERG anomaly not previously reported. A white flash which produced
      a response during light adaptation would produce no ERG when the retina was dark
      adapted. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 4042828
TI  - Selective abnormality of the cone B-wave in a patient with retinal degeneration.
AB  - A 44-year-old woman with midperipheral pigmentary changes that resemble retinitis
      pigmentosa (RP) is described; unlike typical patients with RP, her photopic b
      wave was markedly attenuated as compared with her photopic a-wave. Otherwise, her
      electroretinogram (ERG) was typical of patients with early stages of
      photoreceptor degeneration. Scotopic and photopic a-wave amplitudes were reduced
      about 50%; her scotopic b/a appeared normal.

PMID- 4042829
TI  - Temporal aspects of the electroretinogram in cone-rod dystrophy.
AB  - Twelve patients with cone-rod dystrophy were studied in terms of the temporal
      aspects of electroretinography (ERG). The peak time of scotopic b-wave was within
      normal limits in all patients, while the amplitude was reduced in nine patients.
      The normal peak time of the scotopic-b wave may help explain rod involvement with
      normal or only slightly elevated final rod thresholds of subjective dark
      adaptation. The peak time of photopic b-wave and 30-Hz flicker response was
      normal in four patients and significantly delayed or nonrecordable in eight
      patients. Such variations of peak time in photopic and 30-Hz flicker ERG may
      reflect the stage of the disease or may be caused by the different hereditary
      mode.

PMID- 4042830
TI  - [Preferential initiation of unscheduled DNA synthesis on areas associated with
      the nuclear matrix].

PMID- 4042831
TI  - [Isolation and characteristics of a protein similar to ceruloplasmin from the
      serum of a patient with hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson-Konovalov
      disease)].

PMID- 4042832
TI  - [Partial purification of the polymerase of O-specific polysaccharide in
      Salmonella anatum].

PMID- 4042833
TI  - [Participation of cytochrome P-448 in 3,4-benzopyrene metabolism during induction
      by different xenobiotics in inbred mouse strains].

PMID- 4042834
TI  - [Evaluation of the intensity of endogenous lipid peroxidation in human beings
      under hyperbaric oxygenation].

PMID- 4042835
TI  - [Action of alamethicin on the coupling membrane of mitochondria].

PMID- 4042836
TI  - [Possible control of cardiac rhythm by voluntary change in respiratory rate].

PMID- 4042837
TI  - [In vivo displacement of an antigen from its complex with a carrier polymer
      removes its immunogenicity].

PMID- 4042838
TI  - [DNA nucleotide sequence of the actinomycete plasmid pSB24.2].

PMID- 4042840
TI  - [Electrotonic modulation of T wave changes in 37 patients with pacemakers].

PMID- 4042839
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of nifedipine in the treatment of systemic hypertension].

PMID- 4042841
TI  - [Intra-atrial block].

PMID- 4042842
TI  - [Evaluation of the conduction function in complete atrioventricular block
      patients with implanted pacemakers, by external chest stimulation].

PMID- 4042843
TI  - [The variance in cardiac parameters after long-term physical labor].

PMID- 4042844
TI  - [Analysis of arrhythmia and ST-T wave changes in 324 cases of COPD patients in
      the Qinghai highlands].

PMID- 4042846
TI  - [Evaluating calcification in coronary arteries using TV fluoroscopy].

PMID- 4042845
TI  - [Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the coronary sinus diagnosed by
      contrast echocardiography: a case report].

PMID- 4042847
TI  - [Experimental research of papillary muscle infarction].

PMID- 4042848
TI  - [Comparative study of the recovery processes of left ventricular pump function
      and myocardial contractility after experimental myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4042849
TI  - [A specific method of suppressing sinoatrial nodal automaticity].

PMID- 4042851
TI  - [Anatomical study of the coronary arteries in Tibetans].

PMID- 4042850
TI  - [Experimental study on phasic conduction block].

PMID- 4042852
TI  - [Mitral valve replacement with the Shanghai-made tilting disc prosthesis: a
      report of 222 consecutive cases].

PMID- 4042853
TI  - [Multiple valve replacement: 59 cases].

PMID- 4042854
TI  - [Postoperative endocarditis after pericardial prosthetic valve replacement: 6
      cases].

PMID- 4042855
TI  - [74 cases of mitral valve replacement using porcine prosthesis].

PMID- 4042856
TI  - [Pseudosupernormal conductivity in atrioventricular conduction].

PMID- 4042857
TI  - [Conduction disorders in the early postoperative period after open-heart
      surgery].

PMID- 4042858
TI  - Long-term survival strategy for the pharmacy profession.

PMID- 4042859
TI  - Is ambulatory therapeutic digoxin monitoring useful?

PMID- 4042860
TI  - Central nervous system toxicity associated with concurrent use of triazolam and
      cimetidine.
AB  - A 49-year-old woman treated with cimetidine 300 mg tid for more than 18 months
      for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome experienced lethargy, dizziness, ataxia, and
      auditory and visual hallucinations after receiving triazolam 0.375 mg hs for
      sleep. Triazolam plasma concentrations were measured, and a triazolam elimination
      half-life was calculated to be approximately 8 hours (reported range 1.7-3 h).
      Cimetidine has been reported to decrease the apparent oral clearance of
      triazolam, resulting in increased triazolam plasma concentrations with the
      potential for exaggerated triazolam pharmacologic effects. Cimetidine may have
      been responsible for the unusually large elimination half-life in this patient.
      Until the mechanisms and clinical significance of this potential drug interaction
      are determined, clinicians should use the combination of triazolam and cimetidine
      with caution.

PMID- 4042861
TI  - Lidocaine-induced second-degree mobitz type II heart block.
AB  - Lidocaine-induced atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances are an ill
      defined phenomenon. Electrophysiological studies in both animal and human
      subjects have shown that therapeutic doses of lidocaine have no significant
      effect on AV nodal and His-Purkinje conduction time in the presence of intact AV
      conduction. Sporadic reports of accelerated AV conduction or complete heart block
      following lidocaine administration have been published. One case of Mobitz type
      II heart block has been reported in a patient with a prolonged QTc interval (0.61
      sec) who was also receiving prenylamine. Electrophysiological studies designed to
      evaluate lidocaine's effects on AV conduction present conflicting observations.
      We report a case of Mobitz type II heart block following therapeutic doses of
      lidocaine in the absence of acute myocardial infarction or concomitant
      cardioactive drug administration. This case, in conjunction with other reported
      data, suggests the occurrence of lidocaine-induced AV block to be unpredictable.
      Although its occurrence may be infrequent, the severity of these reactions
      warrants careful selection and monitoring of patients who are to receive
      lidocaine.

PMID- 4042862
TI  - Ticlopidine as a hemorrhagic risk factor in coronary surgery.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed the postoperative hemorrhagic risk in patients
      undergoing surgery for coronary revascularization who had received platelet
      antiaggregants preoperatively. A significant increase in postoperative hemorrhage
      and a higher percentage of reoperations for this reason was observed in the
      patients treated with ticlopidine. However, there were no major differences in
      the platelet counts among the groups compared.

PMID- 4042863
TI  - The lack of inactivation of tobramycin by cefazolin, cefamandole, and moxalactam
      in vitro.
AB  - We examined the effects of mixing tobramycin with three cephalosporins,
      cefazolin, cefamandole, and moxalactam. Each cephalosporin was prepared from
      standard powder and diluted with human serum to concentrations of 50, 250, and
      500 micrograms/ml and added to 10 micrograms/ml of tobramycin in human serum.
      Temperature environments of 4 degrees C (refrigeration), 24 degrees C (room
      temperature), and 37 degrees C (body temperature) were used and sampled at 0
      hours (control), and at 8, 24, and 48 hours. The results indicated no
      inactivation of tobramycin by any of the cephalosporins, regardless of
      temperature, concentration, or contact time. These results indicate that
      significant inactivation of tobramycin does not occur when it is combined in
      vitro with moxalactam, cefamandole, or cefazolin.

PMID- 4042864
TI  - Comment: Triazolam-cimetidine reaction.

PMID- 4042865
TI  - Comment: Cyclosporine and vaccination.

PMID- 4042866
TI  - Comment: Lidocaine seizures.

PMID- 4042868
TI  - Lorazepam--a benzodiazepine to choose or avoid?

PMID- 4042867
TI  - Comment: Indomethacin sustained-release.

PMID- 4042869
TI  - When to dissolve stones in the gallbladder.

PMID- 4042870
TI  - Routine six-monthly checks for dental disease?

PMID- 4042871
TI  - "Don't take your medicine lying down!".

PMID- 4042872
TI  - Rowachol for gallstone dissolution?

PMID- 4042873
TI  - Management of the dry eye.

PMID- 4042874
TI  - Combining hydrocortisone with an antifungal on the skin.

PMID- 4042875
TI  - Irritant contact dermatitis. Traumiterative and cumulative impairment by
      cosmetics, climate, and other daily loads.
AB  - Based on the results of exposure experiments on living human skin a working
      hypothesis is launched concerning the possible pathogenesis of irritant contact
      dermatitis. Below a certain and critical degree of exposure there is no
      alteration in clinical aspect of the exposed region. However, instrumentally
      (watervapour-loss measurements, impedance measurements) it is usually possible to
      register subclinical effects in such a field. These are interpreted as signs of
      impairment of metabolic homoiostatic systems. It is possible in certain cases to
      show that the skin is able to adapt its functions to a repeated load (illustrated
      with exposure experiments to DMSO). It seems useful to distinguish between a
      traumiterative irritant contact dermatitis (a result of too early repetition of
      just one type of load; see Aquabrom experiment) and a cumulative irritant contact
      dermatitis (resulting from a too early repetition of exposures differing in type;
      see experiment with soap and detergent solutions). In cumulative irritant contact
      dermatitis the sequence of the different loading factors is of importance: first
      soap and then detergent or the reverse.

PMID- 4042877
TI  - [Clinical importance of programming of cardiac pacemakers].

PMID- 4042876
TI  - Guinea pig maximization test: effect of type of Freund's complete adjuvant
      emulsion and of challenge site location.
AB  - Guinea pig maximization tests (GPMT) with chlorocresol were performed to
      ascertain whether the sensitization rate was affected by minor changes in the
      Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) emulsion used. Three types of emulsion were
      evaluated: the oil phase was mixed with propylene glycol, saline with 30% (v/v)
      ethanol or saline, respectively. Relative viscosity was used as one measure of
      physical properties of the emulsion. Higher degrees of sensitization (but not
      rates) were obtained at the 48 h challenge reading with the oil/propylene glycol
      and oil/saline + ethanol emulsions compared to the saline/oil emulsion. Placing
      of the challenge patches affected the response, as simultaneous chlorocresol
      challenge on the flank located 2 cm closer to the abdomen than the usual
      challenge site gave decreased reactions.

PMID- 4042878
TI  - [Programming of pacemakers: a gain or a passtime?].
AB  - Seventy-seven programmable pacemakers, selected at random from a reservoir of
      1051 explanted pacemakers, made available by health-offices, institutes of
      pathology and institutes of forensic medicine, were examined for alterations made
      since the time of delivery. The results motivated our choice of title. In 41 of
      74 (55.4%) no parameter was changed and in 36.5% the frequency was altered. Of
      the two- or multi-programmable pacemakers, the amplitude was altered in 13 of 61
      (21.3%), the pulse duration in 9 out of 38 (23.7%), the sensitivity in 10 out of
      32 (31.3%), hysteresis in one out of 31 (3.2%) and the refractory time in none of
      30. None of the 10 pacemakers with programmable operation mode were reprogrammed
      although they included a DDD that was delivered, however, in the VVI state. Nine
      of 69 pacemakers (13%) were double- and 2 of 33 (6%) triple-programmed. The two
      physiological parameters (frequency and hysteresis) were clearly not utilised to
      the extent that would be desirable. All other programmable parameters serve
      exclusively for the technical adjustment to the heart.

PMID- 4042879
TI  - [Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, recurring staphylococcal infections and a defect in
      granulocyte chemotaxis in adults. A variant of Job's syndrome].
AB  - Two cases in adults with recurrent staphylococcal infections associated with
      abnormal granulocytic chemotaxis and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E (Job's syndrome)
      are described. The pathophysiological mechanisms seems to consist of an abnormal
      IgE reaction against staphylococcal antigens causing secondary abnormality of
      granulocyte function. Abnormal cellular immune function was demonstrated in vitro
      and in vivo. Corticosteroid administration at first proved effective in both
      patients. One patient developed Hodgkin's disease of the mixed type in the course
      of the disease.

PMID- 4042880
TI  - [The physician's obligation of assistance in hospital discharge against the
      physician's counsel].

PMID- 4042881
TI  - [Suramin therapy in patients with LAS/AIDS].

PMID- 4042882
TI  - [Endoscopic ultrasonic study of the esophagus].

PMID- 4042883
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas. Results of surgical and drug therapy].
AB  - 185 patients with hyperprolactinaemia and prolactinoma were evaluated in a
      retrospective investigation. 128 patients were treated surgically whereby the
      prolactin serum level in 47% of the macroprolactinoma and 60% of the
      microprolactinoma patients was normalised (prolactin less than 25 ng/ml, no
      radiological evidence of tumor). Of those patients in whom the operation was less
      successful, a normal prolactin level could be achieved in 77% by additional
      therapy with dopamine agonists. Of 57 patients handled exclusively with drugs,
      the prolactin level was normalised by dopamine agonists in 78%. A small number of
      patients from both groups did not show a satisfactory fall in the prolactin level
      despite the use of markedly higher doses of dopamine agonists. During dopamine
      agonist therapy progressive tumor enlargement was detected radiologically in a
      previously operated patient.

PMID- 4042885
TI  - [Diagnosis of pregnancy hypertension].

PMID- 4042886
TI  - [The importance of medical journals in undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing
      medical education].

PMID- 4042884
TI  - [Therapeutic possibilities in hypereosinophilia syndrome with Loffler's
      fibroplastic endomyocarditis. Efficacy of cytarabine and 6-thioguanine].
AB  - In two of four patients with hypereosinophilia and Loffler's myocarditis
      (confirmed by biopsy) the activity of the disease was contained with prednisone,
      in one instance combined with hydroxycarbamide. In two patients, in whom the
      disease was taking a fulminant course and other treatment had failed, cytarabine
      and 6-thioguanine proved effective, providing a 16-month symptom-free period in
      one of them. But the second patient died from septicaemia associated with
      treatment-induced bone-marrow hypoplasia. Prednisone (1 mg/kg daily) and
      hydroxycarbamide (0.5-1.5 g daily) are the drugs of choice in the
      hypereosinophilia syndrome. If they fail, cytarabine (100 mg/m2 on days 1-5,
      repeated on day 28) and 6-thioguanine (100 mg/m2 daily) should be given.

PMID- 4042887
TI  - [Liability of the hospital physician in inadequate care of patients].

PMID- 4042888
TI  - [Antidote therapy in poisonings by calcium antagonists].

PMID- 4042889
TI  - [Occlusion of a tumor fistula in the rectum with Ethibloc].

PMID- 4042890
TI  - [Acute polyneuropathy after inhalation of solvent mixtures].

PMID- 4042892
TI  - [Management of arterial hypertension in acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4042891
TI  - [Errors and hazards: fatalities through sternal puncture].
AB  - Iatrogenic cardiac injury due to diagnostic sternal puncture occurred in 5
      patients, 2 women and 3 men, aged 14 to 37 years. Four cases ended fataly but 1
      patient survived after immediate thoracotomy and suture of the damaged heart.
      Perforation of the anterior wall of the right ventricle resulting in pericardial
      tamponade was present in all patients. All fatalities resulted in conviction,
      under criminal law, of the clinician who carried out the puncture (Paragraph 222
      StGB--causing death through negligence).

PMID- 4042893
TI  - [Legislation concerning the profession of midwives and delivery assistants 1985].

PMID- 4042894
TI  - [AIDS in schoolchildren].

PMID- 4042895
TI  - [Blood exchange instead of plasmapheresis in severe tropical malaria].

PMID- 4042897
TI  - [The problem of "pluriglandular insufficiency"].

PMID- 4042896
TI  - [Hypersensitivity phenomena in dialysis patients. Incidence of eosinophilia,
      raised IgE and ethyleneoxide-induced antibodies].
AB  - The hypersensitivity parameters eosinophil count, serum IgE and IgE-type
      antibodies to ethylene oxide-albumin conjugates (ETO-antibodies), were determined
      in 182 dialysis patients. Eosinophilia was seen in 21.7% of patients, IgE
      elevation in 21.4% and ETO-antibodies in 12.4%. A pathological change in at least
      one of the measured parameters was present in 33.1%. The appearance of ETO
      antibodies was frequently associated with severe clinical symptoms, especially
      asthma and anaphylactic shock. Sensitisation is apparently common in dialysis
      patients. Since ETO-antibodies are often associated with severe clinical
      symptoms, their presence should be sought in those dialysis patients showing
      incompatibility reactions or asthma.

PMID- 4042898
TI  - [Gynecologic problems in teenagers].

PMID- 4042899
TI  - [Polycystic ovaries].

PMID- 4042900
TI  - [Therapy of infertility].

PMID- 4042901
TI  - [In vitro fertilization].

PMID- 4042902
TI  - [Disorders of the menstrual cycle].

PMID- 4042903
TI  - [Precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix].

PMID- 4042904
TI  - [Urinary incontinence].

PMID- 4042905
TI  - [Ovarian cancer--the gynecologist's greatest challenge].

PMID- 4042906
TI  - [Gynecological problems after the menopause].

PMID- 4042907
TI  - A physician's view of dysthyroid disease.

PMID- 4042908
TI  - Radioactive iodine therapy of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 4042909
TI  - Anesthesia for thyroid surgery.

PMID- 4042910
TI  - Radiotherapy for thyroid tumors and thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 4042911
TI  - Management of malignancy of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 4042912
TI  - Juvenile rhabdomyosarcoma of middle ear and mastoid.

PMID- 4042913
TI  - Penetrating injuries of the larynx.

PMID- 4042914
TI  - Open rhinoplasty.

PMID- 4042915
TI  - Rhinolithiasis and maxillary antrolithiasis.

PMID- 4042917
TI  - The endolymphatic sac operation for Meniere's disease.

PMID- 4042916
TI  - Petrous apicitis.

PMID- 4042918
TI  - Temporal bone involvement in Waardenburg's syndrome.

PMID- 4042920
TI  - Foreign body in the bronchus--an unusual case.

PMID- 4042919
TI  - A comparison of nasal balloons and posterior gauze packs for posterior epistaxis.

PMID- 4042921
TI  - Clinical presentation of congenital ichthyosis in two newborns seen at Kenyatta
      National Hospital (KNH).

PMID- 4042922
TI  - Epidemiology of jaw tumours in Nyanza Province with special reference to
      Burkitt's lymphoma: report of preliminary findings at the Nyanza General
      Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya.

PMID- 4042923
TI  - Neurological disturbances in sickle cell disease in children in Zaria, Nigeria.

PMID- 4042924
TI  - Foetal erythrocytes in the circulation of pregnant Nigerian women.

PMID- 4042925
TI  - An unusual cause of maternal mortality in homozygous sickle cell anaemia in
      pregnancy: case report.

PMID- 4042926
TI  - 100 years of post-exposure rabies vaccination.

PMID- 4042927
TI  - Severe depression treatment: experience using maprotiline (Ludiomil) in
      combination with clomipramine (Anafranil).

PMID- 4042928
TI  - Management of rape victims in Benin City, Nigeria.

PMID- 4042929
TI  - Immune complexes and immunoglobulins in Nigerian patients with typhoid fever.

PMID- 4042930
TI  - Psychiatric disorders in a general provincial hospital in Kenya.

PMID- 4042931
TI  - Perinatal mortality surveys in an African teaching hospital: I. The past and
      present statistics.

PMID- 4042932
TI  - Estimation of median age of eruption of permanent teeth in Kenyan African
      children.

PMID- 4042933
TI  - Human Salmonella serotypes in Uganda, 1967-1982.

PMID- 4042934
TI  - Shigella serotypes in Uganda, 1967-1982.

PMID- 4042936
TI  - Emetine hydrochloride in the treatment of scorpion stings.

PMID- 4042935
TI  - A clinical, biochemical and histochemical study of carcinoma of the cervix as
      seen at the Kenyatta National Hospital.

PMID- 4042937
TI  - A locally made external fixator.

PMID- 4042938
TI  - Disseminated histoplasmosis in a Kenyan African child: a case report.

PMID- 4042939
TI  - Feeding pattern, supplementary foods and growth of low birthweight and normal
      birthweight infants in Machakos, Kenya.

PMID- 4042940
TI  - Cerebrovascular accidents in 207 Kenyans; general peculiarities and prognosis of
      stroke in an urban medical centre.

PMID- 4042941
TI  - The experience of foreign body inhalation among children at Kenyatta National
      Hospital over a five-year-period.

PMID- 4042942
TI  - Serum cholesterol studies in healthy Nigerian children.

PMID- 4042943
TI  - The problems with the management of carcinoma of the cervix in Nigeria--Lagos
      experience.

PMID- 4042944
TI  - The health status of children in a rural community in north eastern Zambia.

PMID- 4042945
TI  - The origins of bad breath (fetor oris) from the oral cavity and its management.

PMID- 4042946
TI  - Hypertension over a 4-year-period at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH).

PMID- 4042947
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity to spermatozoal antigens after vasectomy: recent
      developments.

PMID- 4042948
TI  - The role of bacterial pathogens in pre-operative sepsis of acute mural
      appendicitis.

PMID- 4042949
TI  - Allergen skin tests to asthmatic children screened at Muhimbili Medical Centre,
      Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

PMID- 4042950
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus at Kenyatta National Hospital 1972-1984.

PMID- 4042951
TI  - Post-pneumonectomy oesophagopleural fistula.

PMID- 4042953
TI  - Current practice. Choosing variables in research in clinical medicine.

PMID- 4042952
TI  - Rhinoscleroma--case report.

PMID- 4042954
TI  - [Pathogenesis, clinical aspects and development of fatty liver].
AB  - Anamnestic, clinical, biochemical and bioptic examinations were performed in 127
      patients with fatty infiltration of the liver of different degrees of severity.
      Anamnesis, clinical practice and laboratory findings can only throw the suspicion
      on the fatty infiltration of the liver. For the verification of the diagnosis and
      for the gradation first of all the liver biopsy is necessary. Alcohol clearly
      plays the most important part as a cause of the development of the fatty
      infiltration of the liver, followed by adiposity, diabetes and hyperlipoidaemia.
      Because of the great medical and social-economic importance fatty infiltration of
      the liver cannot longer be taken for a harmless disurbance.

PMID- 4042955
TI  - [Bronchobiliary fistula as sequela of the stenosis of hepaticojejunostomy].
AB  - This is a case report on a bronchobiliar fistula after frequent recurrences of
      cholangites following an occlusion of a hepaticojejunostoma. Sufficient drainage
      and correction of the stenosis as well as balancing of water and electrolyte
      metabolism were without any therapeutic success. The patient died in consequence
      of an acute liver dystrophy.

PMID- 4042956
TI  - [Effect of cimetidine on maximal stomach secretion in physical stress and at rest
      in patients with chronic duodenal ulcer].
AB  - In 21 males suffering from chronic duodenal ulcers the effect of cimetidine on
      the maximum acid output (MAO) both in rest and under physical load was examined.
      Patients were loaded two times (60 min) with the Monark bicycle ergometer at an
      interval of 5-7 days. Immediately before second examination cimetidine was
      injected intravenously (6 mg/kg body weight). The sampling of gastric juice was
      done 3 times for 60 min before, during and after the physical work. In the
      stimulated gastric fluid the concentrations of sodium, potassium, chlorid ions,
      total protein and mucoproteins were checked. In the peripheral venous blood
      sodium, potassium, chlorid, magnesium and calcium were measured as well as
      glucose and the parameters of acid base state. Cimetidine significantly reduced
      ionic concentration, protein and mucoproteid concentrations of the gastric fluid.
      Cimetidine did not provoke any changes of the parameters determined in the
      peripheral blood.

PMID- 4042957
TI  - [Effect of glucose on fetal weight and the transplacental blastomogenic effect of
      N-nitrosomethylurea in rats].
AB  - The N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced transplacental blastomogenesis in rats was
      studied under the effect of pre- and postnatal glucose administration. On the
      21st day of pregnancy NMU (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to rats.
      From the 7th day of pregnancy experimental rats were treated with 10% glucose
      solution instead of drinking water, and during 1.5 months after delivery they and
      their progeny were given 5% glucose solution. The foetal weight in glucose
      treated pregnant rate increased. A significant increase of tumour frequency was
      detected in the progeny of these rats. In male progeny tumours of the nervous
      system and kidneys typical of NMU effect prevailed and in females--tumours of
      other organs and tissues, particularly of the mammary gland, pituitary and
      hemopoietic system. Possible mechanisms of the modifying effect of glucose on the
      transplacental blastomogenic action of NMU are discussed.

PMID- 4042958
TI  - [Kinetics of the cell population in adenocarcinoma 755 after cyclophosphane
      administration and rate of tumor growth after an additional course of therapy
      with cyclophosphane and 6-mercaptopurine].
AB  - The two injections of cyclophosphane (100 mg/kg) to mice with adenocarcinoma 755
      on the 6th and 11th days after tumour transplantation had no influence on the
      cell cycle but induced a decrease of its growth rate due to an increase in the
      level of cell losses. The third cyclophosphane injection (the same dose) on the
      17th day after the tumour transplantation or an additional course of five 6
      mercaptopurine injections (50 mg/kg each dose) did not change essentially the
      growth rate of tumours.

PMID- 4042960
TI  - [Colony-forming ability of lymph node fibroblasts in patients with malignant
      lymphomas].
AB  - Determination of the efficiency of fibroblasts' colony-formation in patients with
      Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas and reactive lymphoid
      hyperplasia reveals that the colony-forming ability of fibroblasts does not
      depend on the nature of the pathological process, but depends on the
      morphofunctional status of the lymphoid tissue. It is found that single
      determination of fibroblasts colony-formation efficiency cannot be used as a
      prognostic feature for determination of the further course and outcome of the
      disease.

PMID- 4042959
TI  - [Cytological characteristics of carminomycin-resistant P-388 lymphoid leukosis].
AB  - The carminomycin-resistant strain (P-388/c) of P-388 lymphoid leukemia is
      obtained. Resistance development is accompanied by higher sensitivity to
      cytostatics, rise of hyperploidy, replacement of the stem line, presence of
      definite markers in leukemic cells as well as by the appearance of a clone of
      cells with higher dry mass. At the level of CFUs after the carminomycin
      administration more remote terms of cell restoration than in case of P-388/c
      lymphoid leukemia are determined. The P-388/c lymphoid leukemia cells lost their
      sensitivity to carminomycin at the stage of the DNA synthesis. Accumulation of
      cells is observed in phase G2 of the mitotic cycle.

PMID- 4042962
TI  - Evidence for induction by thyroid hormone of cytosolic proteins which control
      mitochondrial protein synthesis.
AB  - The effect of thyroid hormone on the generation of modulators of mitochondrial
      protein synthesis was investigated. The modulators were present in the 150,000 X
      g supernatant (S-150) prepared from Wistar rat liver and kidney. In young rats
      (50 g BW), a stimulator was found in liver, and an inhibitory modulator was
      present in kidney tissue. Generation of these modulators was stimulated by T4
      administration to the animals. In aged rats (200 g BW), the production of an
      inhibitory modulator in both liver and kidney was stimulated by thyroid hormone
      administration. Both the stimulatory and inhibitory modulators were inactivated
      by pretreatment with trypsin. The mol wt of these modulators was estimated by gel
      filtration study, and for both the stimulatory and inhibitory modulator proteins
      was approximately 10,000. The results suggested that thyroid hormone regulates
      mitochondrial protein synthesis through the stimulation of synthesis of
      mitochondrial protein synthesis modulators and that the tissue-specific
      modulators (stimulatory in liver and inhibitory in kidney) can be produced in
      young animals. In aged animals, however, it is postulated that thyroid hormone
      stimulates biosynthesis of an inhibitory modulator in both liver and kidney.

PMID- 4042961
TI  - Effect of dopamine agonists and antagonists on the binding of [3H]estradiol to
      its receptors in the anterior pituitary gland of male rats.
AB  - The synthesis of PRL and DNA in PRL cells is regulated by estrogens and dopamine.
      To investigate a possible relationship between these two components, we studied
      the influence of dopamine agonists and antagonists on the binding of
      [3H]estradiol ([3H]E2) to its receptors in the anterior pituitary gland of
      estrogenized male rats. The administration of sulpiride (dopamine antagonist) or
      bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) decreased the binding of [3H]E2 to cytosolic
      receptors when the concentration of [3H]E2 in the assay mixture was 1 nM. Both
      drugs also diminished the binding of [3H]E2 when they were added in vitro to the
      incubation media, apparently in a competitive way. Dopamine and alpha
      methyltyrosine also inhibited competitively the binding of [3H]E2 to cytosolic
      receptors. The inhibition constants were determined by the Lineweaver-Burk plot.
      To overcome the competitive inhibition of dopamine agonists and antagonists, the
      concentration of the titrated steroid in the incubation mixture was increased to
      16 nM. This concentration was established by saturation analysis. The
      administration of alpha-methyltyrosine increased the binding of [3H]E2 to nuclear
      receptors without modifying the binding to cytosolic receptors. This increase
      paralleled an increment in the levels of plasma PRL. Bromocriptine prevented the
      increase in [3H]E2 binding produced by alpha-methyltyrosine and had no effect on
      the binding when administered to nontreated rats. These results suggest that
      dopamine can regulate the biological effects of estradiol in the anterior
      pituitary gland by decreasing the binding of this hormone to its receptors.

PMID- 4042963
TI  - Restoration effects of exogenous luteinizing hormone on the testicular
      steroidogenesis and Leydig cell ultrastructure.
AB  - In the present study, we explored the restoration effects of exogenous LH on
      Leydig cell ultrastructure and testicular steroidogenesis in rats that were
      deprived of endogenous LH via treatment with testosterone-17 beta-estradiol
      filled Silastic implants for 10 days. Exogenous LH was supplied continuously via
      Alzet miniosmotic pumps at the rate of 1 microgram/h for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h or 1,
      2, 4, 8, and 12 days. Testes were then perfused in vitro with medium containing
      1) LH, 2) 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol, or 3) pregnenolone substrate, which
      allowed us to assess LH-stimulated testosterone secretion, cholesterol side-chain
      cleavage activity, or the conversion of pregnenolone to testosterone,
      respectively. Other testes were perfusion fixed via the testicular artery for
      morphometric measurement of Leydig cell number and volume per testis and the
      surface area of Leydig cell cytoplasmic smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), inner
      mitochondrial membrane, and outer mitochondrial membrane. The results verified
      that Leydig cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum and inner and outer mitochondrial
      membrane surface areas are drastically diminished (P less than 0.05 vs. intact
      controls) by LH withdrawal. Also, the results verified that exogenous LH
      administered in situ restores Leydig cell ultrastructure and capacity to
      biosynthesize testosterone. However, the recovery of Leydig cell structure and
      steroidogenic reactions occurred at strikingly different rates upon restoration
      of LH after 10 days of the treatment with testosterone-17 beta-estradiol
      implants. For example, the restoration of testicular capacity to synthesize
      progesterone in response to LH stimulation or 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol
      substrate was completed within 24 h. In contrast, the restoration of Leydig cell
      SER and testicular capacity to synthesize testosterone from pregnenolone was
      completed only after 8 days of continuous LH treatment (P greater than 0.05 vs.
      intact controls). Thus, our results show that LH rapidly restores Leydig cell
      post-LH receptor steroidogenic events up to and including cholesterol side-chain
      cleavage activity. Interestingly, there is no temporal association between the
      recovery of cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity and the surface area of
      inner mitochondrial membrane surface area. In contrast, 8 days are required to
      coincidentally restore SER surface area and the capacity of Leydig cells to
      synthesize testosterone from pregnenolone. We conclude that different cellular
      mechanisms are involved in the LH-dependent restoration of inner mitochondrial
      cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity and SER-associated conversion of
      pregnenolone to testosterone.

PMID- 4042964
TI  - Mapping of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactive neurons in the rat tel- and
      diencephalon using a monoclonal antibody against rat liver glucocorticoid
      receptor.
AB  - By means of a monoclonal antibody against the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor
      (GR) in combination with the indirect immunoperoxidase technique it has been
      possible to demonstrate GR-immunoreactive nerve and glial cell nuclei all over
      the tel- and diencephalon of the male rat. Strongly GR-immunoreactive nerve cell
      nuclei were only present in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular
      hypothalamic nucleus, in the anterior periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, in
      the ventral part of the mediobasal hypothalamus, and in the CA1 and CA2 subregion
      of the hippocampal formation. Within the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus a
      substantial overlap exists between the GR-immunoreactive area and the CRF
      immunoreactive area. Medium to high densities of moderately GR-immunoreactive
      nerve cell nuclei were present all over the cortical hemispheres. Medium
      densities of moderately GR-immunoreactive nerve cells were demonstrated in many
      thalamic nuclei and in the central amygdaloid nucleus. After adrenalectomy the GR
      immunoreactivity was predominantly located in the pericaryon. Upon acute
      corticosterone treatment of adrenalectomized male rats, the GR immunoreactivity
      was again mainly demonstrated in the nerve cell nuclei indicating that
      corticosterone can translocate GR from the cytoplasm to the cell nuclei. It is
      suggested that the hypothalamic GR may be involved in the regulation of
      especially CRF secretion but also in the secretion of other anterior pituitary
      hormones such as TRH and somatostatin.

PMID- 4042965
TI  - Interaction of estradiol and estriol with uterine estrogen receptor in vivo and
      in excised uteri or cell suspensions at 37 C: noncooperative estradiol binding
      and absence of estriol inhibition of estradiol-induced receptor activation and
      transformation.
AB  - The partial agonist and antagonist properties of estriol (E3) have been related
      to the brief nuclear retention of receptor-E3 complexes and to the lower affinity
      of E3 for the receptor compared to estradiol (E2). More recently, it was proposed
      that the partial agonist/antagonist activity of E3 may be due to its ability to
      eliminate positive cooperative binding of [3H]E2 to cytosolic estrogen receptor.
      In this model, positive cooperativity is related to receptor activation and
      transformation. We first examined the long term effects of E3 on E2 action in
      vivo. Mature ovariectomized rats were treated for 16 days with E2, E3, or
      mixtures of these two substances delivered through Alzet pumps at a constant
      hourly rate (E2, 0.04 microgram; E3, 0.4 and 0.04 microgram; E2 and E3, 0.04 and
      0.4 microgram). The effects of E3 on uterine growth, induction of progesterone
      receptor synthesis, and activation (nuclear binding) of estrogen receptor suggest
      that when given continuously, E3 acts as a full agonist and does not inhibit E2
      action. Furthermore, incubation of uteri at 37 C with [3H]E2 in the presence of a
      1- to 20-fold molar excess of nonradioactive E3 did not alter the subcellular
      distribution of receptor-[3H]E2 complexes (80% nuclear and 20% cytosolic),
      demonstrating that E3 does not inhibit E2-induced receptor activation (i.e. the
      increased nuclear binding of receptor). Similarly, 4S to 5S transformation of
      [3H]E2-labeled estrogen receptor in intact uteri was not inhibited by E3.
      Equilibrium binding of [3H]E2 to uterine cell suspensions at physiological
      temperature (37 C) was noncooperative; nonradioactive E3 did not alter the
      affinity of the estrogen receptor for [3H]E2; Dixon plot analysis indicates that
      E3 is a purely competitive inhibitor of [3H]E2 binding. This, in conjunction with
      the lower affinity of the receptor for E3 than for E2, adequately explains the
      agonistic-antagonistic properties of E3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4042966
TI  - Abnormal thyroid hormone binding to serum proteins in ob/ob and db/db genetically
      obese mice.
AB  - Sera from ob/ob and db/db genetically obese mice exhibited abnormal nonspecific
      (no antibody present) binding measurements in T4 and T3 RIAs employing dextran
      charcoal separations. They also showed decreased charcoal uptake compared to sera
      of lean controls in a conventional charcoal T4 uptake binding test. After
      correction for the abnormal nonspecific binding and after extraction of serum,
      mean serum T4 concentrations were similar in control and ob/ob mice. Mean serum
      T3 concentrations differed significantly (85 ng/dl in controls and 178 ng/dl in
      ob/ob) when a correction for altered binding in the T3 assay was made, but not
      when extracted serum was assayed (109 ng/dl in lean and 124 ng/dl in ob/ob).
      Dialyzable fractions of T4 and T3 were significantly reduced in both ob/ob and
      db/db mice. Free T4 concentrations were 0.82 +/- 0.05 (+/- SE) ng/dl in control
      and 0.61 +/- 0.05 ng/dl in ob/ob sera (P less than 0.01). Polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis showed increased binding of tracer T4 and T3 in ob/ob and db/db
      sera to a postalbumin with mobility similar to that of human T4-binding globulin.
      In ob/ob sera, this appeared to result from an increased binding capacity of the
      postalbumin. After in vivo iv injection of tracer T4 and T3 to ob/ob and lean
      control mice, analysis of tissue and plasma radioactivity showed that, except for
      T4 in cerebral cortex, tissue to plasma T4 and T3 ratios were lower in cerebral
      cortex, cerebellum, and liver of ob/ob mice. In summary, these data show
      increased binding of T4 and T3 to a postalbumin in two strains of genetically
      obese mice and, in the ob/ob strain, complex relationships between tissue and
      serum concentrations of thyroid hormones.

PMID- 4042967
TI  - Cholera toxin treatment increases in vivo growth and development of the mouse
      mammary gland.
AB  - Daily sc injections of cholera toxin (CT; 0.1 micrograms/day), a stimulator of
      adenylate cyclase activity, into intact female BALB/c mice for 20 days
      significantly (P less than 0.05) increased mammary gland development scores from
      2.0 +/- 0.1 in controls to 3.6 +/- 0.2 in CT-treated mice. Concurrent
      administration of 17 beta-estradiol (E; 1.0 microgram/day) and progesterone (P;
      1.0 mg/day) resulted in development scores of 4.1 +/- 0.1 and 5.2 +/- 0.1 in E/P
      and E/P + CT treatment groups, respectively (P less than 0.05). If mice were
      ovariectomized before CT injection, the response to CT alone was abolished
      (development scores of 2.0 +/- 0.1 and 1.9 +/- 0.1 in controls and CT-treated
      mice, respectively). However, E/P restored the response to CT (scores of 3.2 +/-
      0.2 for E/P and 4.0 +/- 0.1 for E/P + CT; P less than 0.05) in ovariectomized
      mice. CT significantly (P less than 0.05) increased mammary dry fat-free tissue
      weight from 2.89 +/- 0.41 mg (controls) to 3.78 +/- 0.37 mg (CT-treated) and from
      4.03 +/- 0.59 mg (E/P-treated) to 5.42 +/- 0.91 mg (E/P + CT). Similarly, CT
      treatment increased mammary DNA from 138.7 +/- 11.7 micrograms (controls) to
      162.8 +/- 14.4 micrograms (CT) and from 178.5 +/- 12.6 to 233.9 +/- 28.0
      micrograms in the presence of E/P (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, CT was found
      to be mammogenic in hypophysectomized mice treated with E (1.0 microgram/day), P
      (1.0 mg/day), deoxycorticosterone acetate (0.5 mg/day), T4 (0.2 microgram/ml
      drinking water), and glucose (50 mg/ml drinking water), i.e. mammary gland
      development scores were 1.5 +/- 0.1 in mice treated with the above regimen and
      3.1 +/- 0.1 in mice treated with the above regimen plus CT for 14 days (P less
      than 0.05). These results provide clear evidence, heretofore unreported, that
      systemic CT treatment increases mammary gland development and growth in female
      mice. The mammogenic effects of CT are observed in intact female mice with or
      without exogenous E/P, in ovariectomized mice treated with E/P, and in
      hypophysectomized mice treated with E/P, deoxycortisone acetate, and T4.

PMID- 4042968
TI  - Imprinting of growth hormone secretion, body growth, and hepatic steroid
      metabolism by neonatal testosterone.
AB  - The influence of endogenous sex steroids and exogenous testosterone treatment on
      pulsatile GH secretion, body weight, longitudinal bone growth, and hepatic
      steroid metabolism was studied in male and female adult rats. Blood samples were
      obtained from the tip of the tail, and maximum and minimum GH levels were
      determined in individual rats to evaluate pulse heights and baseline levels.
      Longitudinal bone growth was measured using the intravital marker tetracycline,
      and hepatic steroid metabolism was evaluated by determining the enzyme activities
      of 16 alpha-hydroxylase and 5 alpha-reductase. Neonatal, but not prepubertal,
      gonadectomy of male rats suppressed maximum and mean plasma GH levels during
      adult life. The body weight and the rate of longitudinal bone growth were also
      decreased. Testosterone treatment neonatally reversed all of these effects.
      Neonatal gonadectomy of male rats also caused an elevation of minimum plasma GH
      levels, an effect, however, which was not reversed by testosterone replacement
      during neonatal life. Neonatally gonadectomized females treated with testosterone
      neonatally or during adult life increased their maximum and decreased their
      minimum GH levels. Their longitudinal bone growth was increased. The body weight
      of these rats was increased by neonatal, but not adult, testosterone treatment.
      There was no effect of neonatal ovariectomy on plasma GH levels in 3- to 4-month
      old female rats. However, neonatal ovariectomy did increase the maximum and mean
      plasma GH levels immediately postpubertally, suggesting that the effect of the
      ovaries on GH secretion differs among mature female rats of different ages.
      Prepubertal gonadectomy of male rats feminized their hepatic steroid metabolism
      by decreasing 16 alpha-hydroxylase and increasing 5 alpha-reductase activities.
      Neonatal gonadectomy caused an even more pronounced feminization, which was
      partly reversed in rats given testosterone replacement therapy neonatally. In
      neonatally gonadectomized female rats, treatment with testosterone during adult
      life increased 16 alpha-hydroxylase and decreased 5 alpha-reductase to levels
      seen in intact male rats. The present results indicate that neonatally secreted
      testicular androgens imprint the high amplitude pulses characteristic of GH
      secretion in adult male rats. Neonatal androgens also stimulate somatic growth
      and partially account for the masculinized hepatic steroid metabolism in the
      adult animal. It is proposed that imprinting of the GH secretory pattern
      contributes to the influence of neonatal testicular androgens on body growth and
      hepatic steroid-metabolizing enzymes.

PMID- 4042969
TI  - Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on the weight and thyroid hormone content of
      rat embryonic tissues, before and after onset of fetal thyroid function.
AB  - Embryonic tissues were obtained from normal (C) and thyroidectomized (T) rats
      between 9 and 21 days of pregnancy. We determined the number and weight, as well
      as the T4 and T3 contents (RIA), of 9- to 12-day-old embryotrophoblasts, of 13-
      to 21-day-old embryos and placentas, and of liver, lung, and brain from 20- and
      21-day-old fetuses. T4 and T3 were found in all samples obtained from C dams,
      both before and after onset of fetal thyroid function. Despite low levels of both
      iodothyronines in fetal plasma near term, their concentrations in fetal brain and
      lung had reached half the maternal values. The T3/T4 ratio in fetal organs was
      the same, or higher, than in adult rats. Maternal thyroidectomy resulted in a
      marked decrease of the number and individual weights of viable conceptuses,
      throughout gestation. Fetal organ weights near term were also decreased, and
      changes were found in brain DNA and protein concentrations. T4 and T3 were
      undetectable in all embryotrophoblasts, embryos and placentas obtained from T
      dams before onset of fetal thyroid secretion. They were still markedly reduced in
      21-day-old placentas. Total extrathyroidal contents of T3 and T4 in 20- and 21
      day-old fetuses from T dams were also low as compared to those from normal
      mothers, but individual organs were not affected to the same degree. Thus
      concentrations were decreased in the carcass (whole embryo minus the trachea +
      thyroid + liver + lung + brain), but normal in the brain. These results show that
      maternal hypothyroidism is accompanied by thyroid hormone deficiency of the
      conceptus before the fetal thyroid functions. After this, alterations of T4 and
      T3 concentrations persist until term. Development is also delayed. Thus, adverse
      effects of maternal hypothyroidism may be due, at least in part, to the thyroid
      hormone deficiency of the embryonic tissues, and not only to the hypothyroid
      condition of the mother.

PMID- 4042971
TI  - Examination of the effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine on
      aldosterone production in bovine glomerulosa cells in vitro.
AB  - This study was undertaken to explore the possibility that the neurogenic amines
      epinephrine and norepinephrine may influence aldosterone production in vitro and
      to examine again the previously reported inhibitory effect of dopamine on
      aldosterone production. This was accomplished using bovine glomerulosa cell
      suspensions and a highly specific RIA for aldosterone. Epinephrine and
      norepinephrine (10(-6) - 10(-10) M) had no significant effect on aldosterone
      production. Both basal and angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone production were
      significantly inhibited by dopamine, 10(-4) M, P less than 0.05. Basal
      aldosterone production was unaffected by lower concentrations of dopamine whereas
      angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone production was inhibited in a dose
      dependent manner that was significant to 10(-6) M dopamine (P less than 0.05).
      Pretreatment of glomerulosa cells with the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide
      impaired the inhibitory effect of dopamine on aldosterone production. This study
      supports the hypothesis that dopamine may be a significant inhibitor of
      aldosterone production in vivo. The other neurogenic amines studied, epinephrine
      and norepinephrine, had no significant effect on aldosterone production in vitro.

PMID- 4042970
TI  - Angiotensin II restoration of reflex adrenal medullary secretion to anephric dogs
      is physiologically dose dependent.
AB  - Acute nephrectomy seriously impairs hypovolemic adrenal epinephrine (E) release
      in the anesthetized dog. That systemically delivered angiotensin II totally
      restores E release to acutely anephric dogs is equally clear, but the dose
      response relationship of this angiotensin II effect is not known. Adrenal
      secretion rates and arterial plasma E, norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine levels
      were studied in nine groups of mongrel dogs (n = 5 in each group) under
      pentobarbital anesthesia: 1) resting animals; 2) hemorrhage (25 ml/kg); 3)
      hemorrhage after acute nephrectomy; 4-7) hemorrhage, acute nephrectomy, plus iv
      angiotensin II at a) 0.01 ng/kg X min, b) 0.10 ng/kg X min, c) 1.00 ng/kg X min,
      or d) 10.00 ng/kg X min; 8) no hemorrhage, acute nephrectomy, angiotensin II
      (10.00 ng/kg X min); and 9) hemorrhage, kidneys intact, iv angiotensin II (10.00
      ng/kg X min). Arterial and adrenal blood were sampled during a baseline
      prehemorrhage period and 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after hemorrhage. We confirm
      blunting of reflex E release by acute nephrectomy in the anesthetized dog and
      show that angiotensin II restores E (P less than 0.01), NE (P less than 0.01),
      and dopamine (P less than 0.01) release in acutely anephric dogs. Aortic plasma E
      and NE were also restored to normal by angiotensin II (P less than 0.01 for
      each). Dogs with intact kidneys show a blunted hemorrhage response of arterial
      plasma E (P less than 0.01), NE (P less than 0.01), and DM (P less than 0.05) to
      our largest angiotensin II infusion rate (10 ng/kg X min). The study demonstrates
      that in acutely anephric conditions, angiotensin II support of reflex
      catecholamine release is sensitively dose dependent to physiological infusion
      rates of systemic angiotensin II and suggests further that this angiotensin II
      effect is restrained by the kidneys.

PMID- 4042972
TI  - Estrogen-stimulated deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis: a ratchet model for the
      prereplicative period.
AB  - Multiple injections of a short acting estrogen, 1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,16 alpha
      diol (16 alpha-E2), have been used to analyze the lag or prereplicative period of
      approximately 12 h, which precedes the onset of estrogen-stimulated DNA
      synthesis. A single injection of 1.0 microgram 16 alpha-E2, which itself does not
      stimulate DNA synthesis, shortened by 3-4 h the lag period between subsequently
      administered estrogen and the initiation of DNA synthesis. This lag-shortening
      effect of 16 alpha-E2 was stable for 24 h, but had decayed by 36 h. One or two
      additional injections of 16 alpha-E2 given sequentially at 3-h intervals each
      further shortened the lag period but to a lesser extent than the first injection.
      The results indicate that estrogen induces the accumulation of relatively stable
      cell changes which are required for the onset of DNA synthesis. The prolonged
      estrogen requirement during the lag period is not truly discontinuous as
      previously suggested but rather can be satisfied by discontinuous pulses of
      estrogen in a ratchet-like fashion because of the stability of their effects.

PMID- 4042973
TI  - Coordinate regulation of the messenger ribonucleic acids encoding the alpha- and
      beta-subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin in HeLa cells and butyrate
      resistant variants.
AB  - Short term exposure of HeLa S3 cells to sodium butyrate induces accumulation of
      the mRNAs encoding both the alpha- and beta-subunits of hCG. Both mRNAs
      accumulate with the same kinetics and reach maximal levels with the same
      concentration of butyrate, suggesting that the levels of alpha and hCG beta mRNAs
      are coordinately regulated. In addition, induction of both mRNAs is tightly
      coupled with a similar increase in secreted levels of hCG subunit protein,
      further suggesting that regulation of CG biosynthesis in HeLa cells occurs before
      translation. To determine whether HeLa cells which have overcome the growth
      inhibitory properties of butyrate show uniformly high levels of alpha and hCG
      beta mRNAs, we isolated clonal variants by stepwise selection with increasing
      concentrations of butyrate. Of 69 isolated variants, at least 2 (AO and B2)
      display different patterns of CG gene expression. In AO cells, alpha-subunit mRNA
      was not detectable, while in B2 cells, the level of alpha-subunit mRNA was
      similar to that of wild-type HeLa S3 cells. Conversely, hCG beta mRNA levels in
      both variant cell lines approximated levels found in butyrate-treated HeLa S3
      cultures, suggesting that the mRNAs for alpha and hCG beta are regulated
      independently. Analysis of genomic DNA by blot hybridization indicated that the
      alpha-subunit gene was present as a single unrearranged copy in HeLa S3 cells and
      in both variants, indicating that differences in alpha-subunit gene expression
      are not associated with major genomic alterations, but probably reflect more
      subtle changes.

PMID- 4042974
TI  - Autocrine stimulation by prolactin of hormone-responsive breast cancer growth in
      culture.
AB  - Evidence obtained in human breast cancer cell lines in culture suggests that
      estradiol stimulates the synthesis of secretory proteins which may, in turn,
      mediate its mitogenic effect. We questioned whether a similar mechanism could
      mediate the growth-promoting effect of PRL in the N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat
      mammary tumor grown in soft agar, where PRL exerts a dose-dependent colony
      stimulating effect. Conditioned medium obtained from PRL-treated tumors, but not
      from control tumors, was found to exert a significant dose-dependent colony
      stimulating effect when added to N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors
      plated in soft agar under serum-free medium conditions. The growth-promoting
      action of conditioned medium from PRL-treated tumors was abolished by
      pretreatment with heat, trypsin, and Concanavalin-A, suggesting the possible
      glycoprotein nature of the oPRL-induced growth factor(s). These results provide
      support for the novel hypothesis that estradiol and PRL may support the growth of
      hormone-responsive breast cancer through a similar mechanism.

PMID- 4042975
TI  - Fetal rat myoblasts release both rat somatomedin-C (SM-C)/insulin-like growth
      factor I (IGF I) and multiplication-stimulating activity in vitro: partial
      characterization and biological activity of myoblast-derived SM-C/IGF I.
AB  - The relative release of rat somatomedin-C (SM-C)/insulin-like growth factor I
      (IGF I) and multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) immunoreactivity and
      bioactivity from isolated fetal rat myoblasts was assessed by a partial
      characterization of the SM peptides present in concentrated myoblast-conditioned
      culture medium (MCM). The SM bioactivity of MCM, measured by [3H]thymidine or
      [35S]sulfate uptake by fetal rat cartilage explants, eluted with an apparent size
      of 50-80K on Sephadex G-200 at pH 7.5, and was associated with SM-C/IGF I
      immunoreactivity. Chromatography of MCM on Bio-Gel P-10 or Sephadex G-75 at
      acidic pH resulted in a peak of SM bioactivity associated with both SM-C/IGF I
      and MSA immunoreactivity in the 6-9K region. SM-binding activity, measured by
      competition with activated charcoal for [125I]SM-C or MSA, eluted in the void
      volume. When these fractions were incubated with [125I]SM-C and chromatographed
      on Sephadex G-200 at neutral pH, a heterogeneous pattern of binding proteins was
      seen, with a major component of 50-80K. After chromatofocusing of proteins in the
      6-9K region from Bio-Gel P-10, three peaks of SM bioactivity were recovered, each
      associated with SM-C immunoreactivity, with pI values of 8.5, 7.1, and 6.5.
      Although both the basic and neutral peaks enhanced [3H]thymidine uptake by growth
      restricted fetal rat myoblasts in vitro, only the bioactivity of the former could
      be blocked by incubation with a monoclonal antibody to human SM-C. Both human SM
      C/IGF I and MSA purified from Buffalo rat liver cell-conditioned medium enhanced
      thymidine incorporation by growth-restricted fetal rat myoblasts. The results
      suggest that unlike reports of other fetal rat tissues, fetal rat myoblasts
      released approximately equal amounts of rat SM-C/IGF I and MSA during culture.
      The myoblast-derived SM-C/IGF I was biologically active on the cell type of
      origin and may play a paracrine role in muscle development.

PMID- 4042976
TI  - Hypothalamo-pituitary regulation of cytochrome P-450(15) beta apoprotein levels
      in rat liver.
AB  - The regulation of the sexually differentiated steroid sulfate 15 beta
      hydroxylase, cytochrome P-450(15) beta of female rat liver has been investigated.
      Specific antibodies raised to isozyme P-450(15) beta were used with the Western
      blot technique to quantitate the specific levels of P-450(15) beta in liver
      microsomes. The method demonstrated that the levels of the protein are about 16
      fold higher in female than in male microsomes and also showed that the specific
      microsomal content of P-450(15) beta is controlled by GH. Hypophysectomy of
      female animals resulted in a decrease of P-450(15) beta to male levels.
      Continuous infusion of human GH, mimicking the female pattern of GH secretion in
      intact male animals, caused an elevation of the P-450(15) beta level to that of
      the female. The same dose of human GH in hypophysectomized male or female animals
      raised the P-450(15) beta level 8-fold or 50% of that seen in normal females.
      Infusion of ovine PRL to intact male rats had no effect on P-450(15) beta levels,
      whereas infusion of rat GH caused a 4-fold increase. Thus, the regulation of P
      450(15) beta by GH is mainly associated with the somatogenic properties of the
      hormone. Furthermore, sc injection of rat GH every 12 h, mimicking the male
      pattern of GH secretion, had no effect on P-450(15) beta levels, demonstrating
      the importance of the GH secretory pattern in regulation of the specific protein
      levels. Postpubertal castration of male animals did not influence the microsomal
      P-450(15) beta content, whereas neonatal castration led to a feminization of the
      P-450(15) beta content in the adult male rat. Administration of estradiol
      valerate to male animals caused complete feminization of P-450(15) beta levels,
      whereas administration of androgen to female animals caused a decrease to male
      levels. Before 21 days of age, the P-450(15) beta level was slightly higher in
      male than in female rats. At 35 days, however, the P-450(15) beta level in female
      rats had increased almost 100-fold, whereas the levels in males increased only
      slightly. These changes are concomitant with the development of the sexual
      differentiation of the GH secretory pattern, supporting the role of GH in P
      450(15) beta regulation. In conclusion, isozyme P-450(15) beta is a GH-regulated
      enzyme specific for female rats. The low level of the protein in males is
      probably explained by neonatal androgenic programming of the GH secretory
      pattern.

PMID- 4042977
TI  - Skin is an active site for the inner ring monodeiodination of thyroxine to
      3,3',5'-triiodothyronine.
AB  - T4 (0.26 microM) was incubated in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 10
      mM EDTA with homogenates (3-5 mg protein) of various rat tissues and up to 400 mM
      dithiothreitol (DTT) for 1 h at 37 C; the rT3 generated was measured by RIA of
      ethanol extracts of the incubation mixture. Among the various tissues of the male
      rat, homogenates of skin and cerebral cortex were very active in the conversion
      of T4 to rT3; other tissues demonstrated little or no T4 5-monodeiodinating
      activity (MA). The tissue content of rT3 was also greatest in these two tissues.
      The MA in skin increased linearly with incubation period (up to 4 h) and with
      increasing concentration of protein (up to 5 mg), substrate (up to 10 microM) and
      DTT (up to 400 mM); its optimal pH was 7.4, and optimal temperature was 37 C. Its
      Km and maximum velocity approximated 0.29 microM and 9.6 pmol/h X mg protein,
      respectively, in the presence of 400 mM DTT. There was no appreciable difference
      in T4 to rT3 MA of skin from different parts of the body. The MA was most
      abundant in microsomes and least in cytosol. The MA was unaffected by
      propylthiouracil (up to 25 microM), methimazole (up to 100 microM), sodium
      salicylate (up to 80 microM), or 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (up to 75
      microM). Ipodate (up to 80 microM) weakly inhibited the MA. T3 and 3,5
      diiodothyronine inhibited dermal T4 to rT3 MA in a dose-dependent manner; T3 was
      3-12 times more potent than 3,5-diiodothyronine on a molar basis in different
      experiments. Treatment of euthyroid rats with 3,5-dimethyl-3'isopropylthyronine
      (45 micrograms/day, ip) for 3 or 5 days significantly increased dermal T4 to rT3
      MA. Similar treatment of rats with T4 (100 micrograms/day, ip) or T3 (20 or 80
      micrograms/day, ip) did not change with MA appreciably. Hypothyroidism markedly
      inhibited the MA, and fasting inhibited it modestly. Pregnancy was associated
      with marked reduction in the MA of skin in the mother [0.30 +/- 0.11 (+/- SE) vs.
      7.2 +/- 2.2 ng/h X mg protein; P less than 0.02] and fetus (0.67 +/- 0.075; P
      less than 0.025).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4042978
TI  - Nuclear localization of unoccupied receptors for glucocorticoids, estrogens, and
      progesterone in GH3 cells.
AB  - We have previously shown that the unoccupied receptor for estrogen is not present
      in enucleated cells (cytoplasts) and probably is nuclear in cells that have been
      enucleated using cytochalasin B and centrifugation. We now demonstrate, using
      enucleation without cytochalasin, that the unoccupied receptors for
      glucocorticoids and progesterone also appear to be nuclear, and that enucleation
      without using cytochalasin results in the same distribution of estrogen receptor
      as that seen when this drug is used. Enucleated cells (cytoplasts) contained only
      5-10% of the concentration of unoccupied receptors found in the whole cells. The
      unoccupied receptors for all three hormones were recovered instead in the nucleus
      containing cell fragments (nucleoplasts). The cytosolic marker lactate
      dehydrogenase was present in the cytoplasts at the same or higher concentration
      than in the whole cells or nucleoplasts. Cytoplasts were formed from
      approximately 90% of the cells. When the nucleoplasts were homogenized, the
      unoccupied receptors for all three hormones were extracted into the cytosol, as
      is usually seen in homogenized cells and tissues. These results are, therefore,
      consistent with the possibility that the unoccupied glucocorticoid and
      progesterone receptors, like the unoccupied estrogen receptor, are nuclear rather
      than cytoplasmic proteins. In addition, localization of these unfilled receptors
      does not appear to be an artifact of cytochalasin treatment.

PMID- 4042979
TI  - The effects of estrogen and progesterone in vivo on protein synthesis and
      secretion by cultured epithelial cells from sheep endometrium.
AB  - Ovariectomized ewes were treated with either nothing or implants of estrogen (E),
      progesterone (P), or E + P. Epithelial and stromal cells from caruncular and
      intercaruncular regions of sheep endometrium were dispersed by collagenase
      digestion and enriched by Ficoll gradient separation. Verification of cell types
      was by electron microscopy, keratin staining (epithelial cells), cell size, and
      appearance in culture. Epithelial cells were cultured under optimized conditions
      with [35S]methionine (S-met) and uptake of label by cells and its incorporation
      into cellular and secreted protein determined. Protein in the medium and lysed
      cells was analyzed by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Cells from E-treated animals had higher S-met uptake and
      incorporation into proteins (cellular and secreted) than cells from ewes treated
      with nothing and P-treated animals. E effects were not significantly reduced in
      the presence of P. When secreted protein was expressed as a percent of total
      incorporated S-met, P treatment either alone or with E increased the proportion
      of labeled protein secreted by cells. There were no significant differences
      between caruncular and intercaruncular. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis of secreted proteins showed one major glycoprotein (mol wt,
      46,000, isoelectric point, 5.8-6.5) and four minor proteins induced by E + P
      greater than E, and five minor proteins inhibited by the steroids. Both induction
      and inhibition of cellular proteins were also apparent, though of lesser
      magnitude. Overall, whereas E treatment in vivo influenced the rate of
      incorporation of S-met into proteins by epithelial cells in vitro, P treatment
      increased the proportion of newly synthesized protein which was secreted.
      Steroids caused significant alterations in the individual proteins secreted by
      ovine endometrium.

PMID- 4042980
TI  - Escape from the sodium-retaining action of intrarenal angiotensins II and III in
      the conscious dog.
AB  - The maximum amounts of angiotensins II and III that were confined to the kidney
      during intrarenal arterial administration in conscious dogs were determined to be
      2 and 12 pmol/kg X min, respectively. These doses were infused chronically
      intrarenally to uninephrectomized dogs. A significant reduction in urinary volume
      and excretion of sodium was observed at 24 h of the intrarenal peptide infusions.
      These excretory effects were more marked with angiotensin III than with
      angiotensin II. Escape from the antidiuretic and antinatriuretic effects of
      angiotensins II and III was observed after 24 h in spite of continuous
      administration of the peptides. To define the role of reduced intrarenal
      angiotensin concentration in the physiological phenomenon of escape from the
      sodium-retaining action of mineralocorticoids, angiotensin II or III at the above
      doses was administered intrarenally together with 11-deoxycorticosterone acetate.
      No delay in escape from the sodium-retaining effects of the mineralocorticoid was
      noted as a result of concurrent intrarenal angiotensin administration. In
      conclusion, both angiotensin II and angiotensin III have direct sodium- and
      volume-retaining effects on the kidney. These renal effects are abolished within
      48 h, either due to tachyphylaxis to angiotensins or by other mechanisms
      overriding the actions of angiotensins. No association was demonstrated between
      suppression of the renin-angiotensin system and escape from mineralocorticoid
      induced sodium retention.

PMID- 4042981
TI  - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of androgens in equine ovarian follicles at
      ultrastructurally defined stages of development. Identification of 19
      nortestosterone in follicular fluid.
AB  - Follicular fluid was obtained from equine follicles at different stages of
      development as determined by ultrastructural study. Gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry associated with stable isotope dilution permitted the demonstration
      of high levels of 4-estrene-3,7-dione and 17 beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one, 17 beta
      hydroxy-4-estren-3-one levels often being about 10 times higher than those of
      testosterone. These findings suggest that in the mare ovary, an aromatizing
      pathway may proceed using these 19-norsteroids as intermediates. As a consequence
      of this high level of 19-norsteroids, testosterone content may be most often
      overestimated by RIA. RIA of steroids in follicular fluid should be validated by
      a reference technique based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, associated
      with stable isotope dilution.

PMID- 4042982
TI  - Dexamethasone stimulates osteogenesis in chick periosteum in vitro.
AB  - Folded periosteal explants derived from 16-day-old chick embryo calvariae
      differentiate and form bone when cultured for 6 days in chemically defined,
      hormone-supplemented medium or on plasma clots. We studied the effect of
      dexamethasone on generation of cells with osteoblastic phenotype in such
      cultures. Bone cell phenotype was evaluated by determination of alkaline
      phosphatase (AP) activity. Cellular proliferation was assessed by measuring
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, [3H]thymidine uptake, and radioautography
      of cultures that had incorporated [3H]thymidine. Cultures were exposed to various
      medium concentrations of dexamethasone (10(-6) M, 10(-7) M, 10(-8) M) from the
      outset or from the second or fourth day of culture onwards. In cultures
      continuously exposed to dexamethasone and maintained in chemically defined media
      or on plasma clots, dexamethasone increased AP activity measured at day 6. This
      effect was maximal at 10(-7) M dexamethasone. Cultures exposed to dexamethasone
      after day 2 in culture also showed increased AP activity, but only in the
      cultures maintained on plasma clots. There was no stimulation of AP activity when
      dexamethasone was added at day 4 of culture with either medium, thus suggesting
      that the effect of glucocorticoids depends on the stage of differentiation of the
      cultures. In addition to AP stimulation, dexamethasone also stimulated ODC
      activity. Since ODC activity has been associated with mesenchymal cell
      proliferation, this suggested that dexamethasone stimulated the proliferation of
      similar cells in the cultured periostea. Measuring [3H]thymidine uptake in and
      performing autoradiography of control cultures and cultures treated with
      dexamethasone confirmed that stimulation of proliferation did occur and located
      this proliferation within the cell layer adjacent to the bone surface. These
      results demonstrate that dexamethasone stimulates in vitro osteogenesis, and that
      this effect appears to be mediated through stimulation of progenitor cell
      proliferation. In addition, our data indicate that factors in the clot medium
      modulate the responsiveness of the precursor cell population.

PMID- 4042983
TI  - Variations in the oligosaccharides on free and combined alpha-subunits of human
      choriogonadotropin in pregnancy.
AB  - The glycoprotein hormone hCG and a free alpha-subunit are secreted by
      trophoblastic cells during pregnancy. We have purified the alpha-subunit of hCG
      and the free alpha-subunit population from pregnancy urine. Dissociation of hCG
      with 10 M urea at 37 C, followed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, resulted in
      separation of alpha- from beta-subunit, as hCG alpha does not bind to DEAE in the
      presence of urea, while beta-subunit does bind. Similar treatment of the free
      alpha population resulted in fractionation into two populations, a nonbinding
      fraction of free alpha and a population which was retained by DEAE in the
      presence of urea (free alpha 2). The three populations, hCG alpha, free alpha,
      and free alpha 2, were further purified by affinity chromatography using anti
      alpha antisera linked to Sepharose. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the preparations showed that hCG alpha consisted of a single
      component with an apparent mol wt of 22,000, while free alpha and free alpha 2
      consisted of multiple components. Radioactive labeling of sialic acid by limited
      periodate oxidation and NaB[3H]4 reduction resulted in a higher specific activity
      for free alpha than for hCG alpha, suggesting that free alpha contains more
      sialic acid per immunoreactive molecule than does alpha dissociated from hCG.
      [3H]hCG alpha, but not 3H-labeled free alpha, was able to combine with native hCG
      beta-subunit. The oligosaccharide moieties were released from the different
      labeled subunits by alkaline hydrolysis and then compared with respect to
      Concanavalin A (ConA)-binding and DEAE-binding properties. Most of the
      oligosaccharides from dissociated hCG alpha bound to ConA-Sepharose (72%), while
      less material from free alpha (40%) and even less from free alpha 2 (25%) were
      capable of binding to ConA. DEAE chromatography of the oligosaccharides suggested
      that hCG alpha contained primarily monosialylated forms (greater than 60%), while
      free alpha and alpha 2 contained primarily (greater than 70%) di- and
      trisialylated forms. Thus, the ConA and DEAE binding data indicated that the
      oligosaccharide contents of free alpha and free alpha 2 were quite different from
      that of hCG alpha. These results also suggest that some of the oligosaccharide
      structures contained on hCG alpha and most of those on free alpha and free alpha
      2 differ substantially from the structures that have been previously described.

PMID- 4042984
TI  - The postnatal ontogeny of rat uterine glands and age-related effects of 17 beta
      estradiol.
AB  - In the uterus of the newborn rat, only the luminal epithelium is differentiated.
      Differentiation of musculature and glandular epithelium occurs postnatally, the
      latter originating as invaginations of the luminal epithelium into the stroma.
      Using unambiguous criteria for quantification of uterine glands, we find that
      uterine glands first appear on postnatal day 9 after which the increase in the
      number of glands is rapid and synchronous, with approximately 4.4 glands per
      uterine section reached by day 15. Between days 15 and 35, the number of glands
      per uterine section varied in a cyclic manner with an amplitude of approximately
      one gland per uterine section and a period of 6-7 days. Although exogenous 17
      beta-estradiol (E2) administered on postnatal days 1-5 induced slight premature
      gland genesis, the number of glands per uterine section was approximately 30%
      lower between days 15-26 compared to untreated animals. Administration of E2
      during the period of normal gland genesis (days 10-14) induced a dose-related
      delay in the onset of appearance of glands. After this, gland genesis proceeded
      at a normal rate; however, the maximum levels reached were again generally below
      those observed in untreated controls. E2 administered after uterine glands were
      established (days 20-24) induced a small increase in gland number compared to
      controls. E2 also induced temporary hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and cellular
      degeneration in the luminal epithelium during each of the dosing periods without
      corresponding changes in the stroma or myometrium. These data demonstrate that
      uterine gland genesis occurs between postnatal days 9-15 and that exogenous
      estrogen can alter, in an age-specific manner, both uterine gland genesis and the
      number of glands per uterine section.

PMID- 4042985
TI  - Inhibition of rat uterine gland genesis by tamoxifen.
AB  - We have previously shown that rat uterine gland genesis occurs rapidly and
      synchronously between postnatal days 9-15. Exogenous estrogens either stimulate
      or inhibit gland genesis depending on dose and age at administration. We
      therefore examined the developmental effects of the triphenylethylene
      antiestrogen tamoxifen, which exhibits both estrogen agonist and antagonist
      properties, in the postnatal rat uterus. Tamoxifen administered sc in oil on
      postnatal days 1-5 or days 10-14 caused dose-related inhibition of uterine gland
      genesis which persisted to day 26 or day 60, respectively. Tamoxifen administered
      on postnatal days 20-24, which is after the age of normal gland genesis, did not
      alter the number of preexisting glands. A 24-h exposure to tamoxifen inhibited 17
      beta-estradiol (E2)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity measured 6 h
      after E2 administration in 14-day-old rats. Treatment with tamoxifen before or
      during the period of gland genesis also reduced uterine responsiveness to a
      single dose of E2 as measured by both uterine weight gain (after a 24-h exposure
      on days 14, 19, 22, and 26) and the pattern of E2-induced ODC activity in 26-day
      old rats. Control rats respond to E2 with peaks of ODC activity at 6 and 18 h
      after administration. Treatment with tamoxifen on either postnatal days 1-5 or 10
      14 reduced the 18-h peak to approximately half of controls but did not affect the
      6-h E2-induced ODC peak. Analysis of both nuclear and translocatable cytosol
      estrogen receptor in uteri from 26-day-old rats indicate that neither the
      dissociation constant (KD) nor the number of binding sites was affected by
      tamoxifen treatment on postnatal days 1-5 or 10-14.

PMID- 4042986
TI  - Disturbed prolactin responses to dopamine-related substances in patients with
      acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia.
AB  - We undertook this study, because conflicting data were reported about the
      dopaminergic regulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion in patients with acromegaly
      and hyperprolactinemia. In order to clarify the dopaminergic regulation of PRL
      secretion in patients with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia, the effects of
      nomifensine, a central dopamine agonist, FK 33-824, a centrally
      antidopaminergically acting agent, and domperidone, a peripheral dopamine
      antagonist, on plasma PRL in these patients were studied. The results were
      compared with those observed in normal subjects and hyperprolactinemic patients,
      with or without a pituitary tumor. Nomifensine did not lower the PRL levels and
      FK 33-824 did not raise the PRL levels in acromegalic patients. In
      hyperprolactinemic patients, nomifensine did not lower the PRL levels and FK 33
      824 failed to raise the PRL levels. Domperidone did not increase PRL in about a
      third of acromegalic patients, while TRH increased PRL in the all
      normoprolactinemic acromegalic patients. These results suggest that in
      acromegalic patients there may be a disturbance in dopamine related
      neurotransmission and that such disorders also seem to be present in patients
      with hyperprolactinemia, with or without a pituitary tumor.

PMID- 4042987
TI  - Effect of colchicine on the depletion and replenishment of cytoplasmic
      glucocorticoid receptor in rat liver after administration of glucocorticoid.
AB  - Pretreatment of rats with colchicine (3 mg/kg body weight) modified the time
      course of depletion of the cytoplasmic binding sites for 3H-dexamethasone after
      administration of prednisolone (0.5 or 1.5 mg/kg body weight). Colchicine also
      decreased the rate of the cytoplasmic receptor replenishment which was confirmed
      by application of this drug after completion of the cytoplasmic receptor
      translocation to nuclei (30 min after prednisolone injection). Addition of
      colchicine to the incubation mixture for in vitro binding of 3H-dexamethasone
      labelled liver cytosol to isolated liver nuclei suspended in TKMS buffer (50 mM
      Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl2 and 250 mM sucrose) evoked no measurable
      changes in the rate of the nuclear binding.

PMID- 4042988
TI  - Development of enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) for the detection of
      monoclonal antibody: application to detection of monoclonal anti-TBG.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) was developed to screen monoclonal
      antibody to human thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). The assay is based on the
      absorption of TBG from human pooled serum by rabbit polyclonal anti-TBG antibody
      coated on a microtiter plate and subsequent binding of monoclonal antibody to the
      absorbed antigen. Monoclonal antibody which binds TBG can be detected by
      peroxidase labeled anti-mouse IgG. From the examination with two different rabbit
      polyclonal anti-TBG antibodies, it was demonstrated that both purified IgG
      fraction and whole serum could be used as coating materials. It was not necessary
      to use purified TBG to react with anti-TBG antibody coated on the microtiter
      plate. When eight commercially available microtiter ELISA plates were tested in
      the assay, only 3 gave satisfactory results. The sensitivity of the assay was
      comparable with that of the conventional immunoprecipitation method using 125I
      TBG and formalin fixed Staphylococcus aureus (Kowan strain) as an
      immunoabsorbent. The ELISA method could detect antibody activity in 0.032
      microliter of medium obtained from a 3 day culture of confluent hybridoma cells.
      It is possible to store the antibody-antigen complexed microtiter plate for more
      than 2 weeks at 4 C. This makes possible rapid screening of monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 4042990
TI  - A case of Cushing's syndrome associated with possible adrenomedullary
      hyperplasia.
AB  - A 57-year-old male, who had been suffered from hypertension and diabetes mellitus
      for 10 years, was admitted to the hospital because of thirst, lassitude and
      muscle wasting. On admission, his urinary excretion of 17-OHCS and plasma
      cortisol levels were elevated without diurnal variations. Plasma ACTH levels were
      found to be very low with repeated determinations. Dexamethasone suppression
      test, 2 mg 4 times a day orally for 2 days, showed no changes in plasma cortisol
      levels and only a mild reduction in urinary 17-OHCS excretion. Estimation of
      urinary catecholamines showed an increase only in norepinephrine. Abdominal
      computerized tomography and radionuclide scanning of adrenal glands with 131I
      adosterol demonstrated a well-defined adrenal mass in the left side without
      apparent changes in the right side. 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy was
      negative. At surgery, his left adrenal medulla was found to be hypertrophic in
      addition to the cortical tumor. The left adrenal gland was also removed. After
      surgery, excretion of urinary catecholamines fell to nearly the normal range and
      he was discharged without insulin and antihypertensive drugs. Microscopically,
      the cortical tumor is an adenoma consisting of lipid laden cells and eosinophilic
      compact cells. Medullary cells were distinctly hyperplastic in appearance and
      many of the cells were extensively vacuolated, suggesting an active functional
      status. The present report describes a patient with Cushing's syndrome who showed
      increased urinary catecholamine excretion due to the possible coexistence of
      adrenal medullary hyperplasia. As far as we know, this is the first case of
      Cushing's syndrome with this abnormality.

PMID- 4042989
TI  - A malignant pheochromocytoma with ileus, polyuria and hypercalcemia: a case of
      recurrence 17 years after the initial operation.
AB  - A case of malignant pheochromocytoma, with a recurrence 17 years after the
      initial diagnosis of benign pheochromocytoma, was presented. The autopsy revealed
      multiple metastases of pheochromocytoma to the bone marrow of the thoracic and
      lumbar vertebrae. Of particular note is the fact that the patient was associated
      with paralytic ileus, polyuria and hypercalcemia and that he died of
      hypercalcemia crisis. Cases like this appear to be very rare.

PMID- 4042991
TI  - Congenital iodide organification defect accompanied by a large nodular goiter: a
      case report.
AB  - A girl who had a nontoxic diffuse goiter with a congenital organification defect
      of iodide was first seen at the age of 8 years, and since then she has been
      followed up for a long period. The nodularity of the thyroid gland had gradually
      progressed, because of intermittent failure of ingestion of thyroid hormone
      preparation which was followed by excess TSH secretion. 18 years later, a nodular
      goiter developed and the patient underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. In order to
      prevent the development of nodular change in the thyroid gland in this disorder,
      supplemental thyroid hormone medication should be started as soon as the
      diagnosis is confirmed, and the therapy should be carried out regularly.

PMID- 4042992
TI  - Twenty-four hour secretory pattern of thyroid-stimulating hormone in
      hyperprolactinemic women with pituitary microadenoma.
AB  - In order to determine whether endogenous dopaminergic tone has any role in the
      diurnal variation in TSH secretion, the 24-h secretory pattern of TSH and the TSH
      response to a dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide (MCP), were evaluated in normal
      women (n = 4) and in hyperprolactinemic-amenorrheic women with pituitary
      microadenoma (n = 6). TSH concentrations expressed as percent deviation from the
      24-h mean significantly differed with respect to time of day in normal women and
      hyperprolactinemic women. They were significantly higher during the night (2000
      0700 h) than during the daytime (0800-1900 h). Whereas MCP administration induced
      no significant changes in serum TSH levels in normal women, it significantly
      increased serum TSH levels in hyperprolactinemic women. Thus, the diurnal
      variation in TSH secretion was demonstrated in hyperprolactinemic women with
      pituitary microadenoma in the face of an increased dopaminergic inhibition of TSH
      secretion. The present study did not provide evidence that the diurnal pattern of
      TSH secretion is related to the endogenous dopaminergic tone.

PMID- 4042994
TI  - Clinical usefulness of the (chloride-90)/phosphate ratio for distinguishing
      primary hyperparathyroidism from hypercalcemia due to other causes.
AB  - In order to obtain a good separation line between patients with primary
      hyperparathyroidism (1 degree HPT) and those with non-parathyroidal hypercalcemia
      (NPHC), serum chloride (Cl) and phosphate (P) concentrations were analyzed.
      Ninety-nine per cent of the patients with 1 degree HPT had a Cl/P ratio greater
      than or equal to 33, but 29% of patients with NPHC were also included in this
      range. When the (Cl-90)/P ratio was used to separate into two groups, 98% of the
      patients with 1 degree HPT had a ratio greater than or equal to 5.0, and 94% of
      the patients with NPHC had a ratio less than 5.0. From these results, while high
      sensitivity was achieved both with the Cl/P and (Cl-90)/P ratios, the (Cl-90)/P
      ratio provided higher specificity. Therefore we conclude that the (Cl-90)/P ratio
      was excellent in distinguishing 1 degree HPT from other types of hypercalcemia.

PMID- 4042993
TI  - Properties of binding of partially purified glucocorticoid receptor from rat
      liver with glucocorticoids of different biopotencies.
AB  - To elucidate the relationship between binding parameters and biopotencies of
      glucocorticoids, we partially purified the receptor from the liver cytosol of
      rats in a dexamethasone-bound and unactivated form by precipitation with
      protamine sulfate, gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography
      (approximately 100-fold) and examined the interaction of the preparation with 3
      glucocorticoids of different biopotencies (dexamethasone; Dex, corticosterone;
      Cort and prednisolone; Pred). The partially purified receptor (PPR) was stable at
      -20 degrees C for at least 2 months in the presence of bovine serum albumin,
      glycerol, molybdate and dithiothreitol. Treatment of the PPR with p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate liberated the ligands and the treated PPR reassociated 3H
      glucocorticoids efficiently following the addition of dithiothreitol. The
      reassociated PPR was bound to the DNA-cellulose after a brief heating. Metabolic
      activity on ligands and inactivation of the binding sites in the PPR were
      insignificant under the conditions used. Kd's were approximately 0.9,
      approximately 3 and approximately 6 nM for Dex, Cort and Pred, respectively (at 0
      degree C). Relative binding affinity of ligands to the PPR which was estimated by
      competitions was higher in the order of triamcinolone acetonide greater than Dex
      greater than Cort greater than Pred greater than progesterone greater than
      cortexolone. Association of Dex and Cort was relatively rapid and significantly
      accelerated by raising the incubation temperature, while the association of Pred
      was slower and effects of the temperature was moderate. The rate of dissociations
      was also varied with ligands. The rate of dissociation of Dex was the lowest
      among the 3 ligands and was elevated by raising the temperature. Because the
      effect of temperature was more pronounced in the dissociation than in the
      association, apparent Ka's decreased at higher temperature. Thermodynamic
      examinations of glucocorticoid binding in the PPR revealed that the binding
      reaction proceeds at a higher rate in the order of Dex greater than Cort greater
      than Pred. Because the relative biopotencies of these 3 glucocorticoids in vivo
      is higher in the order of Dex greater than Pred greater than Cort, from the
      results obtained in the present study, it appears that biopotency of
      glucocorticoids in vivo does not correlate with the affinity of the binding to
      the receptor estimated in vitro.

PMID- 4042995
TI  - Diurnal variation in carbohydrate tolerance to mixed meal in insulin-dependent
      diabetic adolescents during continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CIVII).

PMID- 4042996
TI  - Growth hormone and prolactin levels in the course of metoclopramide test in
      headache patients.

PMID- 4042997
TI  - [Circadian rhythm of growth hormone secretion in Turner's syndrome].

PMID- 4042998
TI  - [Effect of subchronic cadmium chloride, lead acetate and zinc chloride poisoning
      on the thyroid gland in rabbits receiving adequate amounts of iodine].

PMID- 4042999
TI  - [Scintigraphically detected "cold" nodules in patients of the Thyroid Disease
      Clinic in Gdansk--a clinical and histomorphological analysis].

PMID- 4043000
TI  - Normal coordinate analysis of 5'-dGMP and its deuterated derivatives. A
      calculated approach to designate the guanine-residue vibration modes in B and Z
      forms of DNA.
AB  - By calculations based on the Wilson GF-method and using a valence force field,
      the vibration modes of 5'-dGMP have been assigned. Good agreement was obtained
      between the calculated and experimental results corresponding to the Raman and
      infrared spectra of 5'-dGMP. The calculations can also predict the displacement
      of infrared bands observed upon selective deuteration on C8 and simultaneously on
      the C8, N1 and N2 atoms of the guanine ring. In order to preserve the harmonic
      approximation of the potential field, the redundancy between the internal
      coordinates is entirely removed using a B X B matrix-product diagonalization
      procedure. In this treatment the local symmetry of different constituents of the
      molecule is taken into consideration, thus avoiding extensive linear combinations
      of internal coordinates. The extension of these calculations to the guanosine
      moiety involved in the double helix structures of DNAs allowed us to reproduce a
      certain number of the characteristic guanine vibration modes altered by the B---
      Z transitions of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) and d(CG)3.d(CG)3.

PMID- 4043001
TI  - Determination of the second order doppler shift of iron in myoglobin by Mossbauer
      spectroscopy.
AB  - We have performed Mossbauer absorption experiments on a sample of deoxygenated
      myoglobin crystals from 5 K to 280 K. With two series of measurements, one with
      the source and sample at the same temperature and the other with the source
      always at 298 K, we are able to extract information from the second-order Doppler
      effect in the sample. Simple models consistent with a description of myoglobin
      with low lying electronic states which are thermally populated above 40 K
      indicate that the Debye temperature of myoglobin is 220 K, in agreement with
      measurements using the Lamb-Mossbauer factor. The second-order Doppler effect is
      proportional to the square of the velocity of the motion. We are unable to see
      any indication of protein specific motion from the second-order Doppler effect,
      thereby indicating that protein specific motions are relatively slow.

PMID- 4043002
TI  - On the dielectrically observable consequences of the diffusional motions of
      lipids and proteins in membranes. 1. Theory and overview.
AB  - A system consisting of any array of cylindrical, polytopic membrane proteins (or
      protein complexes) possessed of a permanent dipole moment and immersed in a
      closed, spherical phospholipid bilayer sheet is considered. It is assumed that
      rotation of the protein (complex) in a plane normal to the membrane, if
      occurring, is restricted by viscous drag alone. Lateral diffusion is assumed
      either to be free and random or to be partially constrained by barriers of an
      unspecified nature. The dielectric relaxation times calculated for membrane
      protein rotation in a suspension of vesicles of the above type are much longer
      than those observed with globular proteins in aqueous solution, and fall in the
      mid-to-high audio frequency range. If the long range lateral diffusion of
      (charged) membrane protein complexes is essentially unrestricted, as in the
      "fluid mosaic" membrane model, dielectric relaxation times for lateral motions
      will lie, except in the case of the very smallest vesicles, in the sub-audio
      (ELF) range. If, in contrast, the lateral diffusion of membrane protein complexes
      is partially restricted by "barriers" or "long-range" interactions (of
      unspecified nature), significant dielectric dispersions may be expected in both
      audio- and radio-frequency ranges, the critical (characteristic) frequencies
      depending upon the average distance moved before a barrier is encountered.
      Similar analyses are given for rotational and translational motions of
      phospholipids. At very low frequencies, a dispersion due to vesicle orientation
      might in principle also be observed; the dielectrically observable extent of this
      rotation will depend, inter alia, upon the charge mobility and disposition of the
      membrane protein complexes, as well as, of course, on the viscosity of the
      aqueous phase. The role of electroosmotic interactions between double layer ions
      (and water dipoles) and proteins raised above the membrane surface is considered.
      In some cases, it seems likely that such interactions serve to raise the
      dielectric increment, relative to that which might otherwise have been expected,
      of dispersions due to protein motions in membranes. Depending upon the tortuosity
      of the ion-relaxation pathways, such a relaxation mechanism might lead to almost
      any characteristic frequency, and, even in the absence of protein/lipid motions,
      would cause dielectric spectra to be much broader than one might expect from a
      simple, macroscopic treatment.

PMID- 4043003
TI  - Incorporation of the antimicrobial protein seminalplasmin into lipid bilayer
      membranes.
AB  - The interaction between seminalplasmin, an antimicrobial protein from bull semen,
      and lipid bilayers has been investigated. The fluorescence of the single
      tryptophan residue of the protein was measured. In the presence of
      phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid bilayer vesicles the fluorescence
      maximum was shifted to shorter wavelengths, indicating transfer of the tryptophan
      to a more apolar environment. Circular dichroism spectra show an increased alpha
      helical content for the protein in the presence of lipid. Quenching experiments
      clearly show the incorporation of the protein with the tryptophan localized near
      the bilayer surface. The shift of the tryptophan fluorescence emission was used
      to monitor the lipid phase transition in phosphatidylcholine membranes.

PMID- 4043004
TI  - Ultrasonic absorption studies of protein-buffer interactions. Determination of
      equilibrium parameters of titratable groups.
AB  - The acoustic absorption of protein solutions in the presence of phosphate and
      other buffering ions has been studied in the physiological pH range. Buffers
      containing hydroxyl residues as titratable groups cause a pronounced increase of
      protein sound absorption, which is attributed to relaxation processes of proton
      transfer reactions between buffer ions and accessible imidazole and alpha-amino
      groups of the protein surface. Amino group based buffers like Good's buffers do
      not induce additional sound absorption. Measurement of the ultrasonic absorption
      as a function of pH and of buffer concentration, and corresponding parameter
      fitting of the equation describing proton transfer relaxation processes has been
      used to evaluate equilibrium parameters. For the imidazole group of the amino
      acid histidine a pK value of 6.22 and for the imidazole group of the protein
      lysozyme a pK value of 5.71 have been determined. In hemoglobin the ligand-linked
      pK changes have been monitored by recording ultrasonic titration curves.

PMID- 4043005
TI  - Liposomal cholesterol binding to steroid-free cytochrome P450scc: effects of
      fatty acyl and head groups in phospholipids.
AB  - The effects of fatty acyl substituents and head groups of phospholipids on the
      liposomal cholesterol transfer to steroid-free cytochrome P450scc were examined
      as a model system for ACTH-enhanced availability of cholesterol to the cytochrome
      in the inner membrane of adrenal cortex mitochondria. It was implicated that
      using a variety of saturated and unsaturated phospholipids fatty acyl groups play
      an important role in the transfer reaction.

PMID- 4043006
TI  - Injury to the isolated, perfused lung by exposure in vitro to monocrotaline
      pyrrole.
AB  - Monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) is a reactive metabolite of the pyrrolizidine
      alkaloid monocrotaline. It causes pulmonary lesions associated with pulmonary
      hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Conditions of exposure to MCTP
      that result in early lung injury were examined in isolated rat lungs perfused
      with buffered medium containing 4% bovine serum albumin. When a high, acutely
      lethal dose (8.1 mg) of chemically synthesized MCTP was added to the 50-ml
      perfusion medium reservoir, no effects on the perfused lung occurred. However,
      when the same quantity of MCTP was injected directly into the pulmonary arterial
      (PA) cannula, the lungs accumulated considerable fluid within 1 h, and this was
      accompanied by elevated perfusion pressure and elevated lactate dehydrogenase
      (LDH) activity in the perfusion medium. A lower dose (1.2 mg) of MCTP that is
      pulmonary hypertensive in vivo also produced edema and elevated perfusion
      pressure when injected into the PA cannula. Removal of perfused 5
      hydroxytryptamine, a function of pulmonary endothelium, was unaltered compared to
      vehicle-treated control lungs, as was perfusate LDH activity. These results
      indicate that injury to isolated lungs occurs soon after direct exposure to MCTP,
      even at a moderate dose that produces primarily delayed effects in vivo.

PMID- 4043007
TI  - Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in postnatal rat lung growth.
AB  - Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions have been implicated in epithelial cell
      differentiation in fetal lung. The role of such intercellular communication
      during postnatal lung growth is now evaluated to correlate intercellular contacts
      with cell division and with biochemical function of epithelial and interstitial
      cells. Sexed newborn rats, killed at frequent intervals to 8 weeks, received 3H
      thymidine 1 h before death. A period of rapid cell proliferation between 3 and 10
      days involved a five-fold increase in labeling index of both interstitial and
      type 2 epithelial cells. Hydroxyproline levels increased rapidly as interstitial
      cell division slowed, and epithelial growth was associated with elevated levels
      of disaturated phosphatidylcholine. Compared to the time of birth when epithelial
      cell division was slow, continuous basement membrane (BM) was more frequently
      found beneath type 2 cells during the postnatal proliferative phase, and fewer
      foot processes (FP) penetrated the BM; type 1 cells had few FP and uninterrupted
      BM. The number of intercellular contacts between type 2 cells and interstitial
      cells, one per two epithelial cell profiles at birth, decreased rapidly during
      the postnatal proliferative phase. There was a subsequent increase between 2 and
      4 weeks that may reflect postmitotic epithelial differentiation. These
      observations support the hypothesis that transfer of mesenchymal factors may be
      important in the control of pulmonary epithelial growth and differentiation. The
      low incidence of cell-cell contacts seen after 4 weeks, one per five epithelial
      cell profiles, may reflect base levels of communication necessary to retain type
      2 cell function in a resting cell population.

PMID- 4043008
TI  - Epidemiology of epilepsy in urban areas of the People's Republic of China.
AB  - To determine the prevalence of major neurologic disorders, a door-to-door survey
      was conducted in six cities of the People's Republic of China during 1983 in a
      well-defined population of 63,195. The survey included a complete census and a
      screening interview together with an examination having high sensitivity for
      detecting individuals with frequently occurring neurologic disorders, including
      epilepsy. All individuals with responses or findings suggesting neurologic
      disease were examined by senior neurologists using standardized diagnostic
      criteria. There was 100% cooperation among the study subjects. Two hundred eighty
      nine individuals alive on prevalence day (January 1, 1983) were identified as
      having epilepsy, yielding a lifetime age-adjusted (to the 1960 U.S. population)
      point prevalence ratio of 4.4/1,000. There were 16 people who developed epilepsy
      in the sample population during 1982, providing an age-adjusted incidence rate of
      35/100,000 per year. The most frequent type identified was generalized convulsive
      seizures. Brain injury, intracranial infection, and cerebrovascular disease, in
      that order, were the leading putative causes of epilepsy.

PMID- 4043009
TI  - Neuropsychological abilities of children with epilepsy.
AB  - One hundred eighteen epileptic children, aged 6-15 years, underwent detailed
      neuropsychological testing including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
      Revised and the age-appropriate Halstead-Reitan battery. Eight had classical
      absence seizures only, eight had classic absence seizures and generalized tonic
      clonic seizures, 30 had generalized tonic-clonic seizures only, 31 had partial
      seizures only, 20 had partial seizures and generalized seizures, 15 had atypical
      absence seizures, and five had minor motor seizures. A control group of 100
      children without seizures, matched to the general population for intelligence and
      matched to the seizure cases for age, underwent identical testing. The Wechsler
      full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) of cases was significantly (p = 0.01)
      lower than that of controls and was related to seizure type. Children with minor
      motor or atypical absence seizures had the lowest average FSIQ (70 and 74,
      respectively). All seizure types were associated with below-control intelligence
      except classic absence only. Intelligence was also correlated with degree of
      seizure control. A highly significant inverse correlation between years with
      seizures and intelligence was found (p less than 0.0001). A rating of
      neuropsychological impairment, derived from all measures of brain function, was
      assigned to each child. Epileptic children had significantly more impairment than
      controls (p less than 0.0001). Children with seizures had been placed in special
      education or had repeated a grade in school almost twice as frequently as
      controls (p less than 0.001). Even though often placed in a class of younger
      children, their academic achievement was behind grade placement more often than
      in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043010
TI  - The axial spasm--the predominant type of drop seizure in patients with secondary
      generalized epilepsy.
AB  - In 45 patients suffering from secondary generalized epilepsy, we have recorded
      239 drop seizures both by radio-telemetered EEG/split-screen video taping and
      polygraphically. Twenty of these patients had pure tonic drop seizures. Nine
      patients each had myoclonic-atonic or pure atonic seizures, whereas seven had
      slow falls that occurred during gradually developing tonic or akinetic seizures.
      We term the pure tonic drop seizure "axial spasm." It consists of a uniform
      pattern of movement lasting from 0.5 to 0.8 s and leading to a specific bearing
      characterized by a moderate flexion of the hips, the upper trunk, and the head.
      The arms are almost always involved being abducted, elevated and in a semiflexed
      position. A fall is provoked by the rapidity and violence of the flexion in the
      hips. The spasms can occur independently (pure axial spasm) or in connection with
      other seizure manifestations (combined axial spasm). In pure spasms, no
      disturbance of consciousness and no significant EEG changes--apart from a slight
      attentuation--are seen. In the combined axial spasms, distinct epileptic
      phenomena, in close connection with the axial spasms, can be observed, appearing
      either in the postspasm phase or in both the pre- and the afterphases. The
      prephase consists always of an absence and spike-and-wave activity. The onset of
      the spasm coincides with the last generalized spike, which is followed by a
      biphasic high-voltage slow wave. In the afterphases, various seizure patterns can
      be seen; quite characteristic are arrest states during which the patients are
      completely immobile and take up a postural-like or athetoid position. Almost as
      frequent are absences or absence-like states and tonic seizures. The afterphase
      can be compounded by two or three of these seizure patterns, the most common
      sequence of events in these cases being tonic--arrest state--absence. From the
      clinical and neurophysiological points of view, axial spasms can be regarded as a
      more mature form of infantile spasms. Clinical and experimental findings suppose
      a brainstem origin.

PMID- 4043011
TI  - Relative bioavailability of rectally administered carbamazepine suspension in
      humans.
AB  - The relative bioavailability of an investigational carbamazepine suspension was
      studied following rectal administration in human volunteers. Carbamazepine, in
      doses of approximately 6 mg/kg, was given to nine men. The routes of
      administration were oral tablet, oral suspension, and rectal suspension. There
      was no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) in total absorption, maximum
      serum concentration, and time to achieve maximum serum concentration between the
      orally-administered tablet and the rectally administered suspension. Orally
      administered suspension was absorbed more quickly and completely. All volunteers
      complained of a strong defecatory urge after the suspension was given rectally.
      The slow absorption after rectal administration precludes the use of this route
      in status epilepticus; however, it may be a satisfactory alternative for
      maintenance therapy when administration by the oral route is not possible.

PMID- 4043012
TI  - Antiepileptic therapy, folate deficiency, and psychiatric morbidity: a general
      practice survey.
AB  - The effect of anticonvulsant drugs on folate metabolism and mental symptoms has
      been investigated extensively in hospital-based studies, but never before in the
      community or general practice setting. Blood count, serum vitamin B12, red blood
      cell (RBC), and serum folate were measured in a sample of 82 adult epileptic
      patients drawn from 5 group practices (14 general practitioners) in southeast
      London. All patients were receiving antiepileptic medication at the time of
      examination and were interviewed with a standardized measure of psychopathology.
      Serum folate values below the lower limit of the normal range (3-15 micrograms/L)
      were obtained in 9 (10.9%) subjects, and in 50 (60.9%) patients, serum folate
      concentrations were less than the mean (6.02 micrograms/L) for the whole sample.
      Macrocytosis was detected in 20 (24.3%) patients. RBC and serum folate levels
      were significantly correlated with one another, but not with vitamin B12
      concentrations. Levels of RBC and serum folate were significantly lower in
      patients on polytherapy (n = 40) than in those on monotherapy (n = 42); the
      folate concentrations were also significantly lower in the group with psychiatric
      morbidity. The association between folate deficiency and affective morbidity was
      demonstrated for depression but not for anxiety. There was no relationship
      between serum vitamin B12 and psychiatric disturbance. These findings are
      discussed in the light of relevant literature regarding the mechanism of action
      of anticonvulsant drugs in folate depletion and the neuropsychiatric sequelae.

PMID- 4043013
TI  - Neuron density in the molecular layer of the frontal cortex in primary
      generalized epilepsy.
AB  - Developmental disturbance of the brain as a factor in the causation of epilepsies
      has been suspected for a long time. An increase of nerve cells in the stratum
      moleculare, which is qualitatively observed in primary generalized epilepsy, is
      thought to be an indicator for slight maldevelopment. In this morphometric study,
      the neuron density of layer I in the frontal lobe in primary generalized epilepsy
      is measured. Compared with age-matched controls, the neuron density in primary
      generalized epilepsy is significantly increased. Thus, neuron density could be a
      significant index for the disturbance of regional maturation of the cortex.

PMID- 4043014
TI  - A new centrifugal filtration device for free drug separation.
AB  - A new centrifugal membrane filtration device (Syva Corporation) has been
      evaluated to determine its capabilities for separation of free phenytoin for
      analysis. The device is a test tube-size cylinder with two compartments separated
      by the membrane. In serum samples from 70 patients at the Hospital of the
      University of Pennsylvania, free phenytoin was prepared by the new device and by
      equilibrium dialysis. Levels were assayed by gas chromatography and enzyme
      immunoassay with good agreement at all phenytoin levels. Although pH has a
      significant effect on the binding of some drugs to serum proteins, phenytoin
      binding increased to only a small extent as pH was increased from 7.0 to 7.8 (85
      88.5% bound). Centrifugal filtration with this device is a reliable, fast, and
      easy way to prepare free drug from serum and does not include the dilution
      artifact inherent in equilibrium dialysis.

PMID- 4043015
TI  - Reduction of rat hippocampal calcium-binding protein following commissural,
      amygdala, septal, perforant path, and olfactory bulb kindling.
AB  - The calcium-binding protein (CaBP) content of the hippocampal formation was
      determined by radioimmunoassay in control and kindled rats. Kindling of a number
      of different sites resulted in a reduction in the CaBP content of the hippocampal
      formation, which was shown immunohistochemically to be restricted to the dentate
      granule cells and their processes. The maximum decline in CaBP varied with the
      different kindling sites: perforant path, 33%; commissural path, 32%; septum,
      30%; amygdala, 18%; and olfactory bulbs, 15%. There were no changes in the CaBP
      content of the stimulated areas themselves. In cases where the kindling stimulus
      was delivered unilaterally (perforant path and amygdala), the maximum decrease in
      hippocampal CaBP was observed ipsilateral to the site of stimulation when the
      criterion for full kindling was established (six consecutive stage 5 motor
      seizures). Further kindling trials were required to produce a similar magnitude
      decrease in the CaBP content of the contralateral hippocampus. These observations
      are discussed both in relation to the possible role of CaBP in the establishment
      of a seizure response to kindling and also as a potential compensatory mechanism
      that may serve to overcome the epileptogenic effects of kindling.

PMID- 4043016
TI  - Experimental febrile convulsions in epileptic chickens: the anticonvulsant effect
      of elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations.
AB  - The high seizure susceptibility in epileptic chickens is due to an autosomal
      recessive mutation. In 3-day-old chicks homozygous for the epilepsy gene
      (epileptics), elevation of body temperature using microwave diathermy evoked an
      initial febrile seizure resembling the clonic seizures evoked in epileptic chicks
      by photic stimulation. After complete recovery, this was followed by a clonic
      tonic seizure. In nonepileptic heterozygote hatchmates (carriers) of the same
      age, only the latter seizure pattern was observed. In 16- to 17-day-old chicks of
      either phenotype, both seizure patterns were observed during hyperthermia. In all
      cases, the temperature at which seizures occurred was significantly lower in
      epileptic than in nonepileptic chicks, indicating a lower threshold for febrile
      seizures when there is an inherited predisposition to convulse. The occurrence of
      seizures was dependent on the body temperature and not on the rate of rise of
      temperature. Elevation of the brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations
      by administration of the GABA transaminase inhibitor gamma-vinyl GABA reduced the
      incidence of the initial febrile seizures and increased the latency in those
      birds that were not fully protected.

PMID- 4043017
TI  - Kindling epileptogenesis in orbital and mesial frontal cortical areas of subhuman
      primates.
AB  - Despite ready bilateralization of ictal and interictal EEG discharge throughout
      cortical kindling, the rate of convulsive seizure development was slow at both
      orbital and mesial frontal sites, even in the epileptic baboon. However,
      convulsive generalization occurred swiftly from the mesial frontal cortical (MF)
      sites once conjugate head, eye, and body adversion developed in the three primate
      species examined. Only epileptic baboons developed Stage 5 bisymmetrical and
      bisynchronous convulsion. Stimulation of the contralateral homotopic mesial
      cortical site readily produced afterdischarge that remained localized and
      convulsive seizure development did not occur. The findings suggest that (a) the
      frontal lobe plays an important role in the generation of nonconvulsive seizures,
      (b) the frontorolandic cortex plays a unique role in convulsive seizure
      generalization, (c) the role of the intrinsic (genetic) factor is significant in
      determining the quality of the kindled seizure, and (d) the development of focal
      epileptogenesis at one MF site interferes with clinical seizure development at
      the "mirror focus." Our findings underscore (a) the necessity of the conceptual
      differentiation between the EEG mirror focus and the epileptogenic focus capable
      of generating clinical seizures and (b) the importance of dissecting interictal
      behavior reflecting a "continuous disorder of neuronal function," which may cause
      symptoms other than seizures.

PMID- 4043018
TI  - Is adenosine an endogenous anticonvulsant?
AB  - The anticonvulsant properties of adenosine were tested pharmacologically on
      amygdala-kindled seizure activity in rats. The adenosine analogue 2
      chloroadenosine and the adenosine uptake blocker papaverine both increased the
      latency to behavioral clonus as well as reduced the duration and severity of the
      clonic motor convulsion. Both drugs, however, failed to alter the postkindling
      afterdischarge (AD) threshold. Theophylline, an adenosine antagonist, had the
      opposite effects, prolonging the AD and motor seizure durations and facilitating
      partially kindled seizures, but again not altering the prekindling or
      postkindling AD thresholds of amygdala-elicited seizures. In contrast,
      carbamazepine raised AD thresholds, suggesting that it does not produce its
      anticonvulsant effects through adenosine systems. Since endogenous adenosine can
      impede seizure spread and seizure continuation, but does not affect seizure
      initiation from the amygdala, perhaps endogenous adenosine has the special
      property of being brought into play as an anticonvulsant only by the seizure
      itself.

PMID- 4043019
TI  - Neuronal firing pattern following amygdaloid kindling in unrestrained rats.
AB  - Chronic recordings of amygdaloid neurons were performed on freely moving rats
      following kindling. Satisfactory recordings were obtained from 22 amygdaloid
      neurons of the contralateral amygdala before, during, and after unilateral
      kindling. Kindling stimulations were given once per hour. Seven cells disappeared
      during kindling. Seven cells were recorded during the full course of kindling.
      These units showed (a) an increase in spontaneous firing, (b) a development of
      high-frequency bursts (the peak interval of the interval histogram decreased from
      18 to 2 ms), and (c) high-frequency firings during spontaneous activity that were
      similar to the firings recording during afterdischarge.

PMID- 4043020
TI  - HGPRT- mutants of V79 cells that revert specifically by base pair substitution
      and frameshift mutations.
AB  - In order to determine the mutagenic specificity of mutagenic and carcinogenic
      agents in mammalian cells, a reversion system capable of distinguishing between
      frameshift mutations and various kinds of base pair substitutions would be
      useful. We report here a method for the isolation and characterization of HGPRT-
      Chinese hamster V79 cell mutants that might form the basis for such a system. Two
      mutants of different specificity have been partially characterized. DEW-1,
      isolated following N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) treatment, is
      revertible by the base pair substitution mutagens MNNG and ethyl methanesulfonate
      (EMS), but not by frameshift mutagens. DSW-3, isolated following ICR-191
      treatment, is specifically reverted by frameshift mutagens, but not by EMS or
      MNNG. With the further characterization of these and other mutants, it should be
      feasible to determine not only whether an agent is mutagenic in V79 cells, but
      also to determine the type(s) of mutation(s) it produces.

PMID- 4043021
TI  - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges by coal dust and tobacco snuff extracts
      in human peripheral lymphocytes.
AB  - The organic solvent extracts of sub-bituminous coal dust and tobacco snuff, both
      together and separately, were tested for the induction of sister chromatid
      exchanges (SCEs) in human peripheral lymphocytes. The results indicate that these
      extracts induced SCEs, and that when tested together synergistically induced SCEs
      in two of three donors. Studies with the organic solvent extracts of all five
      ranks of coal indicate that the extracts of bituminous, lignite, and peat, but
      not anthracite, induced SCEs. Similar experiments conducted with water extracts
      show that bituminous, lignite, and peat, but not sub-bituminous extracts, induced
      SCEs, and that anthracite was equivocal. To determine whether individuals
      differed in their SCE responses to coal dust extracts, lymphocytes from five
      donors were tested with organic solvent extracts of bituminous and sub-bituminous
      coal. An analysis of variance indicates that the SCE response was significantly
      influenced by the donor (p less than 0.0001) and each of the two coal extracts (p
      less than 0.0001). From studies of workers occupationally exposed to coal dust,
      it is known that inhaled coal dust is cleared from the lungs by mucociliary
      action and introduced into the stomach by swallowing. Coal dust, or coal dust
      plus snuff, may be responsible for the increased frequency of gastric cancer
      observed in coal miners. The findings presented here suggest that coal dust, with
      or without tobacco snuff, may play a role in the elevated incidence of gastric
      cancer in coal miners. Because water extracts of some ranks of coal induced SCEs,
      there exists the possibility of adverse environmental effects due to coal
      leachates.

PMID- 4043022
TI  - Interaction of nitrilotriacetic acid with heavy metals in the induction of sister
      chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - The ability of nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (NTA) to induce sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCE) and to influence the induction of SCE by heavy metal
      compounds was evaluated with mammalian cell cultures. In accordance with the
      generally negative results obtained by other investigators on the mutagenic
      effects of NTA, no increase of SCE frequency was observed in Chinese hamster
      cells (CHO line) or in primary cultures of mouse (BALB/c and BALB/Mo strains)
      lymphocytes, after treatment with NTA at subtoxic concentrations (2 X 10(-3) M
      and 10(-3) M, respectively). The induction of SCE by salts of heavy metals (Cd,
      Hg, Ni, Pb) was evaluated with CHO cells. Soluble (CdCl2, HgCl2, NiCl2, Pb
      [CH3COO]2) and insoluble (CdCO3, HgCl, NiCO3, PbSO4) compounds were tested, and,
      with the exception of Pb(CH3COO)2, all were found to increase the frequency of
      SCE. NTA apparently did not affect the ability of the soluble metal compounds to
      induce SCE, but it significantly increased the frequency of SCE induced by
      treatment with all the insoluble salts.

PMID- 4043023
TI  - Aneuploidy and health risk assessment: current status and future directions.
AB  - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently sponsored a workshop to
      discuss the contribution of aneuploidy to human disease and disability, the
      development of tests for detecting chemicals that induce aneuploidy and the
      relevance of these tests to human risk, and the current understanding of
      mechanisms by which aneuploidy arises. This summary is based on the presentations
      given at the workshop. It is hoped that this summary will stimulate thinking in
      this vitally important area of risk assessment and contribute to the
      establishment of priorities for basic research, development of new test methods,
      and validation of existing test approaches. Such research is needed to enhance
      the scientific basis of risk assessment for aneuploidy-producing chemicals.

PMID- 4043024
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges in adult epileptic patients on phenytoin therapy.
AB  - Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in lymphocyte cultures of 12 adult
      male epileptic patients on long-term monotherapy with phenytoin (PHT) and of
      matched controls. Significantly increased frequency of SCE was observed in the
      epileptic patients as a group and in almost all individuals, indicating a
      detectable chromosome damaging effect of PHT therapy on its human users.

PMID- 4043025
TI  - Chemical enhancement of survival in aggregation of retrovirus-infected rat cells:
      an interlaboratory comparison.
AB  - This study provides a comparative evaluation among three independent laboratories
      of the responses to 16 chemicals in the retrovirus (Rauscher leukemia) infected
      Fischer rat embryo (RIFRE) cell-survival-in-aggregation assay. When suspended in
      liquid media above an agar base, control cells showed a rapid decline in cell
      survival, whereas cells that had previously been treated with chemical carcinogen
      survive in suspension longer than control cells. The endpoint, survival in
      aggregation, is measured by counting viable cells dissociated from aggregates in
      suspension for 4 days. By modifying previously reported procedures, we have
      improved the system so that a clear differential (positive or negative) response
      is achieved by cells treated with either a known carcinogen or known
      noncarcinogen. Using procedures designed to minimize assay variability, replicate
      assays were performed and the data analyzed for inter- and intralaboratory
      concordance. The RIFRE cell-survival-in-aggregation assay demonstrated a high
      degree of interlaboratory reproducibility in assessing the overall positive or
      negative responses of known carcinogens and noncarcinogens, and good qualitative
      reproducibility in assessing compounds tested under code. The assay could
      discriminate between known carcinogens and noncarcinogens. All chemicals were
      tested without the addition of a metabolic activation system. Cells exhibiting
      carcinogen-induced enhancement of survival in aggregation, when plated back onto
      a solid substrate and carried in culture, subsequently expressed transformation
      associated changes in their cellular morphology, growth in semisolid media, and
      tumorigenicity in nude mice. These results indicate that retrovirus-infected
      Fischer rat embryo cells detect a carcinogen-mediated early event that progresses
      to neoplastic phenotypes. Survival in aggregation appears to require the presence
      of the exogenous retrovirus, since uninfected cells did not show a differential
      survival response when carcinogen-treated, noncarcinogen-treated, or control
      cells were compared. This system provides a reproducible method of detecting
      carcinogenic chemicals based on their ability to induce enhanced survival in
      aggregation of treated cells.

PMID- 4043026
TI  - Boots for oily surfaces.

PMID- 4043027
TI  - Progress in the prevention of falls caused by slipping.

PMID- 4043029
TI  - Slipping, tripping, and falling. 2d Biennial Conference on Slipping, Tripping,
      and Falling Accidents. Surrey, England.

PMID- 4043028
TI  - Operational experience with a portable friction testing device in university
      buildings.

PMID- 4043030
TI  - Slipping, tripping and falling accidents at work: a national picture.

PMID- 4043031
TI  - Falls in the healthy elderly: predisposing causes.

PMID- 4043032
TI  - Slipping, tripping and falling accidents to delivery drivers.

PMID- 4043033
TI  - Femoral neck fractures: are some preventable?

PMID- 4043034
TI  - Review of stair-safety research with an emphasis on Canadian studies.

PMID- 4043035
TI  - Ergonomics international 1985. Reviews and indexes.

PMID- 4043036
TI  - The nature and measurement of stress.

PMID- 4043037
TI  - Fitness for work: bridging the gap in ergonomics.

PMID- 4043038
TI  - Effects of L-carnitine loading on the aerobic and anaerobic performance of
      endurance athletes.
AB  - L-Carnitine (L-C), a well known physiological carrier across the inner
      mitochondrial membrane of activated long chain fatty acids and acceptor of acyl
      groups from acyl-CoA, has been recently synthesised industrially. This has made
      it possible to study the effects of L-C loading (4 g X d(-1) by mouth over a
      period of 2 weeks) on the aerobic and anaerobic performance of 6 long distance
      competitive walkers. As a result of the treatment: 1) mean total, free and
      esterified serum L-C both at rest and shortly after completing a 120 min walk at
      about 65% of the individual maximal aerobic power (VO2max) were significantly
      increased; 2) VO2max increased 6%, from 54.5 +/- 3.7 (S.D.) to 57.8 +/- 4.7 m1O2
      X kg(-1) X min(-1) (P less than 0.02); 3) blood lactate concentration (Lab) as a
      consequence of short bouts repeated exercise (series of 10, 15 and 20 jumps off
      both feet on a force platform) was unchanged; 4) heart rate, pulmonary
      ventilation, oxygen consumption, and respiratory quotient in the same conditions
      as for 1) were unchanged. It is concluded that, in trained athletes, as a
      consequence of L-C loading VO2max is slightly but significantly raised, probably
      as a result of an activation of substrate flow through the TCA cycle, whereas the
      lipid contribution to metabolism in prolonged submaximal exercise remains
      unchanged.

PMID- 4043039
TI  - Habituation of the cold pressor response in normo- and hypertensive human
      subjects.
AB  - The changes in cardiovascular response to repeated cold-pressor test were studied
      in young normotensive and in young hypertensive subjects. The cold stimulus
      consisted of immersing one foot in cold water (4 degrees C) for 60 s. Non
      invasive methods were used to record the cardiovascular responses: blood flow of
      the calf was measured using venous occlusion plethysmography, arterial blood
      pressure with sphygmomanometery, heart rate with electrocardiography. The
      vascular conductance level in the calf was higher in hypertensive subjects than
      in normotensives. The difference remained throughout the series of 6 daily
      experiments. In both hypertensive and normotensive groups of subjects some
      individuals responded to the cold stimulus with vasodilatation in the calf
      muscles, others with vasoconstriction. In the hypertensives blood flow increased
      more and habituation was only transient with a strong tendency for the
      vasodilatory response to recover, while in normotensives habituation was rapid
      and complete. Vasoconstrictor responses showed no signs of reduction. The blood
      pressure increases were larger in hypertensives and remained unaltered within the
      period of repeated tests (6 days). There was not significant difference between
      the heart rate changes in the two groups of subjects. It is concluded that the
      vasculature of the calf shows lower tone and is more labile during the early
      stage of hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043040
TI  - Responses of the lower limb to load carrying in walking man.
AB  - Muscle activity patterns of several lower limb muscles were examined in the left
      leg of normal human subjects walking at comfortable speed on a treadmill. In
      addition knee angular changes and the durations of the swing and stance phases of
      the step cycle were recorded. Data were collected during a period of normal
      control walking and when the subject carried a load, either in his right or left
      hand or on his back. Load (up to 20% of body weight) carried in either hand
      caused minimal changes in the kinematic parameters investigated but evoked
      significant prolongation of the normal ongoing electromyographic activity in the
      contralateral Gluteus medius and in the ipsilateral Gastrocnemius, Vastus
      lateralis and Semimembranosus. Load (up to 50% of body weight) carried on the
      back significantly shortened the swing phase and prolonged the ongoing
      electromyographic activity of the Vastus lateralis. These findings would seem to
      indicate that the activity of the leg musculature during walking is so tightly
      controlled that deviation from the normal kinematic pattern of the legs is
      largely prevented even when body posture and balance are disturbed by carrying
      substantial additional load.

PMID- 4043041
TI  - Blood lactate vs. exhaustive exercise to evaluate aerobic fitness.
AB  - This study compared the predictive power of a lactate-related index determined
      during submaximal cycle exercise to that of an exhaustive cycle ergometer test
      for evaluating the endurance exercise capacity of soldiers. The subjects (n = 48
      males) performed a continuous exercise test to voluntary exhaustion on the cycle
      ergometer. Power output (PO) increased by 50 W steps each fourth min, with
      determinations of heart rate (HR), RPE and blood lactate concentrations (HLa)
      just prior to each PO increase. The PO at a 4 mmol L(-1) HLa concentration
      (WOBLA) was interpolated; based on the time to exhaustion the maximal PO that
      could be maintained for 6 min (Wmax6) was calculated from previously documented
      formulae. Subjects were timed during a 3000 m cross-country run. Both the cycle
      test and the run were performed again 3 months later, as was an additional 3000 m
      run with full military equipment weighing about 21 kg. All 3000 m times were
      significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) with both Wmax6 and WOBLA; similar
      predictive power was demonstrated for both Wmax6 and WOBLA, suggesting that
      accuracy in evaluation would not be sacrificed by substituting the submaximal for
      the exhaustive exercise test. HR and RPE-related indices showed markedly lower
      predictive power. The results extend the previously documented relationship
      between HLa during treadmill ergometry and running performance to include the use
      of cycle ergometry for the evaluation of running performance. The results also
      proved applicable to running performance while load carrying.

PMID- 4043042
TI  - Sympathetic control of the forearm blood flow in man during brief isometric
      contractions.
AB  - Experiments were performed to assess the possible neurally mediated constriction
      in active skeletal muscle during isometric hand-grip contractions. Forearm blood
      flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography on 5 volunteers who exerted
      a series of repeated contractions of 4 s duration every 12 s at 60% of their
      maximum strength of fatigue. The blood flows increased initially, but then
      remained constant at 20-24 ml X min(-1) X 100 ml(-1) throughout the exercise even
      though mean arterial blood pressure reached 21-23 kPa (160-170 mm Hg). When the
      same exercise was performed after arterial infusion of phentolamine, forearm
      blood flow increased steadily to near maximal levels of 38.7 +/- 1.4 ml X min(-1)
      X 100 ml(-1). Venous catecholamines, principally norepinephrine, increased
      throughout exercise, reaching peak values of 983 +/- 258 pg X ml(-1) at fatigue.
      Of the vasoactive substances measured, the concentration of K+ and osmolarity in
      venous plasma also increased initially and reached a steady-state during the
      exercise but ATP increased steadily throughout the exercise. These data indicate
      a continually increasing alpha-adrenergic constriction to the vascular beds in
      active muscles in the human forearm during isometric exercise, that is only
      partially counteracted by vasoactive metabolites.

PMID- 4043043
TI  - Human erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity during deep diving.
AB  - As the practical use of high pressure oxygen (HPO) in clinical medicine and the
      offshore industries accelerates, knowledge of its toxic nature becomes essential.
      In this study, divers' erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was
      monitored during high pressure exposure and shown to decrease on average by 20%
      at depths greater than 150 m. Assay of total red cell SOD protein and activity
      established that the recorded SOD activity decrement was by loss of immuno
      measurable enzyme. No evidence of intra-cellular Heinz bodies was observed. An
      increase of intra-membrane lipid peroxidation products, within physiological
      limits, was found, particularly in the denser cell fractions. Using previously in
      vivo pressure stressed cells, experiments at increasing O2 pressures educed that
      human red blood cells were oxygen "resistant" up to ten times the normal
      atmospheric pressure, 0.021 MPa (0.21 bar). Thereafter, a loss in SOD enzyme
      activity occurred with hemolysis during the in vitro decompression procedure.

PMID- 4043044
TI  - Blood flow in the emissary veins of the human head during hyperthermia.
AB  - The direction of the blood flowing in the emissary veins (vena emissaria
      mastoidea and v. e. partietalis) was recorded in human subjects during moderate
      hyperthermia and hypothermia. During hyperthermia the blood flowed rapidly from
      skin to brain. During hypothermia either no flow could be detected or the blood
      flowed slowly from brain to skin. On two fresh cadavers the calvaria was removed
      with the scalp adhering. Gentle massaging of the scalp produced abundant drops of
      blood on the inner surface of the bone each time the scalp was massaged, thus
      showing that cutaneous blood can flow inward through the bone. These results
      support the hypothesis of selective brain cooling in hyperthermic humans by
      offering a possible mechanism.

PMID- 4043045
TI  - Changes in isometric function following rhythmic exercise.
AB  - Seven male subjects exercised for 1, 3, 10 and 20 min on a cycle ergometer at 20,
      60 and 80% VO2max, and then held to fatigue a sustained contraction of the
      quadriceps at 40% maximal voluntary contraction in order to determine what
      influence various levels of dynamic exercise would have on isometric function of
      the same group of muscles. Muscle temperature was measured before and within 15 s
      of the completion of the cycling to determine whether changes in muscle
      temperature might influence the subsequent isometric performance. Isometric
      endurance was shorter as the severity of the cycling increased beyond 20% VO2max,
      and as the duration of cycling increased up to 10 min. There were discrete linear
      relationships between muscle temperature and isometric endurance associated with
      cycling at 60% and 80% VO2max. There was a direct inverse relationship between
      quadriceps strength after cycling and muscle temperature, yet a significant
      reduction in strength occurred only after cycling at 80% VO2max. These results
      suggest that the encroachment on endurance and strength are controlled by
      different mechanisms. The heart rates during the isometric contractions were
      dependent on the preceding rhythmic exercise and decreased after exercise at 60
      or 80% VO2max. In contrast, the blood pressure always increased during the
      isometric contractions, reaching similar values at the point of fatigue,
      regardless of the severity of the previous rhythmic exercise. These data provide
      additional evidence that separate mechanisms control changes in heart rate and
      blood pressure.

PMID- 4043046
TI  - Morphological changes in continuously stretched skeletal muscles in sheep.
AB  - The effects of continuous elongation of skeletal muscles were studied on six
      sheep who underwent a lengthening osteotomy of the right tibia. Open muscle
      biopsies were taken from the biceps femoris muscle preoperatively (Group A),
      after 5 weeks of bone distraction (Group B) and after another 5 weeks without
      further distraction (Group C). The size and distribution of type 1 (slow-twitch)
      and type 2 (fast-twitch) muscle fibres were determined from sections stained for
      myofibrillar ATPase activity. All sections were also evaluated by light
      microscopy, especially with regard to myopathic changes. The type 2 fibres showed
      a significant decrease in size from group A to B and from group B to C. The
      reduction in fibre size from group A to C was 44.2%. The type 1 fibres, on the
      other hand, showed no significant differences in mean fibre size between the
      groups. However, there were considerable individual variations in type 1 fibre
      size between the groups. The distribution of both fibre types was similar in
      groups A and B (appr. 17% type 1 fibres) whereas the relative number of type 1
      fibres was reduced to 12.4% in group C (P less than 0.01). Myopathic changes,
      i.e. muscle fibre necroses, were not seen in any of the groups. It is concluded
      that the type 2 fibre atrophy is mainly caused by muscular inactivity during the
      postoperative period, but an additional effect of continuous stretching of the
      muscle cannot be excluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043047
TI  - Fitness changes in an Australian Antarctic expedition.
AB  - Serial fitness testing using a cycle ergometer and a submaximal work-load
      technique was performed monthly on 22 expeditioners at Davis Station, Antarctica,
      during the period February 1982 to January 1983. The results showed a linear
      increase in fitness in the group over the 12 month study period, including the
      winter period when outdoor activities were limited. The regression equation for
      fitness (measured as maximum oxygen uptake) was VO2max (ml . min-1 . kg-1) =
      43.96 + 0.631 (time) where time is the month number from 1 through to 12. The
      correlation coefficient of the regression line representing fitness plotted
      against time in months was 0.918 (p less than 0.001). It is evident that indoor
      station activities and limited outdoor activities were more than adequate to
      maintain physical fitness in the winter period. Pre-departure fitness assessment
      for expeditioners is suggested. As fitness was lowest on arrival in Antarctica
      yet station workloads heaviest at this time, physical training prior to arrival
      in Antarctica is recommended for future expeditions.

PMID- 4043048
TI  - A comparison of the effects of mixed static and dynamic work with mainly dynamic
      work in hot conditions.
AB  - Current physiological criteria for limiting work in hot conditions are frequently
      based on responses to mainly dynamic work (eg treadmill walking). Their
      applicability to industrial situations containing mixed static and dynamic work
      is questioned, since the physiological responses to static work are different
      from those of dynamic work. Each of eight subjects attempted a one hour uphill
      treadmill walk (mainly dynamic work), and an uphill treadmill walk whilst
      intermittently carrying a 20 kg weight in the arms (mixed static and dynamic
      work). The external work rates in the two conditions were equal, effected by
      lowering the treadmill gradient in the loaded condition. Experiments were
      conducted in a hot climate (33 degrees C dry bulb, 25 degrees C wet bulb). Oxygen
      consumption, minute ventilation, sweat rate and rated perceived exertion were all
      significantly higher (p less than 0.001) for the mixed static and dynamic work
      than for the dynamic work. This was also the case for heart rate and forearm skin
      temperature (p less than 0.01), and for auditory canal temperature (p less than
      0.05). There was no significant difference between the two types of work for mean
      skin temperature, calf skin temperature and chest skin temperature. These results
      show that for the same external work, physiological strain and perceived exertion
      are greater for mixed static and dynamic work (carrying a load in the arms) than
      for mainly dynamic work (walking on a treadmill). They suggest that it is not
      appropriate to make direct comparisons of laboratory studies based on dynamic
      work, with practical situations containing mixed static and dynamic work in the
      heat.

PMID- 4043049
TI  - Creatine kinase MB and citrate synthase in type I and type II muscle fibres in
      trained and untrained men.
AB  - Total creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and citrate synthase (CS)
      were determined in isolated and pooled type I and type II skeletal muscle fibres.
      Determinations were made on biopsies from 3 sedentary men, 3 junior cyclists and
      2 elite cyclists. CS and CK-MB activities were higher in the trained groups in
      both fibre types. The total CK activity was not related to training status,
      although it was lower in type I fibres than in type II fibres (p less than 0.05).
      The reverse relation was observed for CS and CK-MB activities (p less than 0.01).
      The ratio of type I/type II for CS was not related to training status, while the
      corresponding ratio for CK-MB increased with a greater degree of endurance
      training. For a given increase in CS activity, the increase in CK-MB activity was
      greater in type I fibres than in type II fibres (p less than 0.01). Thus, with
      endurance training there seems to be a specific adaptation for CK-MB,
      particularly in type I fibres.

PMID- 4043050
TI  - A dynamometer for the measurement of force, velocity, work and power during an
      explosive leg extension.
AB  - A dynamometer for measurement under static and dynamic conditions is presented.
      At different load levels, force, velocity, work and power can be measured in
      explosive leg extensions. Measurements on 53 subjects at different load levels (0
      125.5 kg) were carried out. Peak power ranged from 2611 to 1746 W, force from
      1351 to 1899 N, velocity from 1.61 to 0.89 m X s-1 and work from 329 to 605 J.
      Between trial correlation coefficients ranged from 0.72 to 0.95. The dynamometer
      is compared with others, and it is concluded that data obtained by this
      dynamometer have a greater practical validity.

PMID- 4043051
TI  - Effects of previous muscle contractions on cyclic movement dynamics.
AB  - In addition to muscle elastic energy, enhancement of movement performance in a
      stretch-shortening cycle could also be due to an increase in initial muscle force
      during the stretching phase. This hypothesis was tested by examining 9 male
      physical education students during maximum voluntary knee extensions performed
      with and without previous knee flexion. In both conditions movements were
      performed with various external loads. In addition, the force-velocity curve
      (FVC) parameters of the knee extensor muscles were also determined. As simple
      model of a muscle impulse was constructed in order to select independent
      biomechanical variables relevant to movement dynamics. The experimental results
      demonstrated that previous knee flexion enhanced the maximum angular velocity of
      knee extension. This effect decreased with increasing movement duration (i.e.
      increased external load), as well as giving positive correlation coefficients
      between the magnitude of this effect and the rate of development of knee extensor
      tension. These results are discussed in relation to a model of the dynamics. It
      is shown that previous muscle contractions performed during braking in the
      negative movement phase might play an important role in enhancing performance in
      cyclic movements. This role would be especially important in transient
      contractions of primarily slow twitch fiber muscles.

PMID- 4043052
TI  - All out anaerobic capacity tests on cycle ergometers. A comparative study on men
      and women.
AB  - We have studied the effects of the braking force on the results of an anaerobic
      capacity test derived from the Wingate test (an all out 45 s exercise on a Monark
      864 cycle ergometer against a given force at the fastest velocity from the
      beginning to the end of the test). Seven men and seven women participated in the
      study and performed a total of 63 all-out tests against different braking forces.
      The same subjects performed a force-velocity test on the same cycle ergometer.
      Since the relationship between force and velocity is approximately linear for
      peak velocities between 100 and 200 rev X min-1 (Peres et al. 1981a, b; Nadeau et
      al. 1983; Vandewalle et al. 1983) we characterized each subject by three
      parameters: P0 (the intercept of the force-velocity regression line with the
      force axis), V0 (the intercept of the regression line with the velocity axis) and
      Wmax (maximal power). The relationship between force and mean power was parabolic
      for the all-out anaerobic capacity test. In the present study the optimal force
      (the force giving the maximal value of mean power during an all out test) was
      higher for the men (approximately 1 N X kg BW-1) than the force proposed by
      others (0.853 N X kg BW-1 for Dotan and Bar-Or 1983). However, because of the
      parabolic relationship between force and mean power, the mean power which
      corresponds to the optimal force was approximately the same in both
      studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043053
TI  - Testing phagocytic cell function.

PMID- 4043054
TI  - Endotoxin testing revisited.

PMID- 4043055
TI  - Clinical significance of Streptococcus milleri.
AB  - The clinical features of infection in patients from whom Streptococcus milleri
      was isolated were analysed in an attempt to determine the clinical significance
      of this organism. During a four-year period Streptococcus milleri was isolated
      from 232 hospitalized patients. In 44 patients Streptococcus milleri was isolated
      in pure culture, in 45 patients together with obligate anaerobes, and in 143
      patients together with aerobes with or without anaerobes. The 82 patients in whom
      isolation of Streptococcus milleri was considered significant had the following
      infections: bacteremia (8 patients), brain abscess (2), pleural empyema (9), lung
      abscess (1), maxillary sinusitis (7), intra-abdominal abscess (53), infection of
      pacemaker (1) and infection of vascular graft (1). The 150 patients in whom
      isolation of Streptococcus milleri was considered of questionable significance
      had the following: upper respiratory tract infection (12 patients), lower
      respiratory tract infection (6), acute cholecystitis (8), soft tissue abscess,
      cellulitis and surgical wound infections (83), bone and joint infections (14),
      genital infection (25) and miscellaneous infections (2). The overall incidence of
      infection with Streptococcus milleri was five cases per 1000 admissions. The
      study showed that Streptococcus milleri is of clinical significance not only in
      suppurative infections, as previously reported, but also in acute maxillary
      sinusitis and infection of implant material.

PMID- 4043056
TI  - Fatty acid composition of Streptococcus milleri.
AB  - The cellular fatty acids of 31 strains belonging to the Streptococcus milleri
      group were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Results were compared
      with findings from biochemical differentiation of the strains into Streptococcus
      constellatus (two strains), Streptococcus anginosus (16 strains) and
      Streptococcus intermedius (13 strains). Eight strains of various other
      streptococci were included as internal references, including three strains of
      streptococcus morbillorum, three strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci, and two
      strains of enterococci. The Streptococcus milleri strains formed a very
      homogeneous group according to fatty acid composition and were easily
      differentiated from other groups. However, within the group, it was not possible
      to differentiate Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus anginosus and
      Streptococcus intermedius by fatty acid composition alone.

PMID- 4043057
TI  - Activity of BAY n 7133 and BAY 1 9139 in vitro and in experimental murine
      coccidioidomycosis.
AB  - The activity of two new antifungal azoles, BAY n 7133 and BAY 1 9139, against
      Coccidioides immitis was compared with that of ketoconazole in vitro and in
      experimental murine coccidioidomycosis. Daily intravenous injections were given
      for 30 days. All mice were autopsied and suspensions of lung, liver and spleen
      cultured. BAY n 7133 was as active as ketoconazole while Bay 1 9139 was les
      active. All three drugs were coccidioidostatic only both in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 4043058
TI  - Detection of anaerobic bacteria in blood cultures by lysis filtration.
AB  - An anaerobic adaptation of the lysis-filtration system for detection of anaerobic
      microorganisms in blood is described. The method was compared with a conventional
      broth bottle system in detection of anaerobic bacteremia after oral surgery. Of
      43 blood samples obtained during and after surgery, 31 were positive with the
      lysis-filtration system and 17 were positive with the broth bottle system.
      Sixteen aerobic and 62 anaerobic strains were isolated with the lysis-filtration
      system versus 9 aerobic and 22 anaerobic strains with the broth bottles. The
      lysis-filtration technique was thus superior to the conventional broth bottle
      method in detecting anerobic bacteria.

PMID- 4043059
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccination campaign in a low endemicity area.
AB  - Between January 1982 and December 1983 14,666 high-risk individuals in the Canton
      of Zurich, which has one million inhabitants, received 36,234 hepatitis B vaccine
      injections. The annual number of acute hepatitis B cases dropped from an
      estimated 220 to 280 in 1981 to 177 in 1982 and 133 in 1983. This drop of 40-50%
      resulted mainly from reduced numbers of cases among health care workers, drug
      addicts and homosexuals. Vaccination was a factor responsible for the reduced
      incidence of hepatitis B among health care workers and drug addicts, high-risk
      categories substantial proportions of which had been vaccinated. There was no
      evidence of a secondary protective effect of vaccination extending to other high
      risk groups.

PMID- 4043060
TI  - Outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in France.
AB  - A report is given of an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a
      neonatal unit in France. Twenty-three of 32 infants were infected (72%) despite
      infection control procedures. Prophylactic administration of non-specific gamma
      globulins was associated with a significant decrease in infection rate (p less
      than 0.05). The administration of transfer factor to infected infants was also
      associated with a significantly lower rate of severe respiratory diseases (p less
      than 0.05).

PMID- 4043061
TI  - Meningitis and brain abscess due to Haemophilus paraphrophilus.
AB  - A case of meningitis and brain abscess due to Haemophilus paraphrophilus in a
      patient with congenital heart disease is reported. The abscess communicated with
      the cerebral ventricular system. Although the infecting strain was found to be
      highly sensitive to ampicillin, the patient died despite appropriate
      antimicrobial therapy. Characteristics distinguishing Haemophilus paraphrophilus
      and related species are discussed.

PMID- 4043062
TI  - Stomatococcus mucilaginosus endocarditis.
AB  - A case of non-nosocomial, spontaneously occurring endocarditis caused by growth
      of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus on a prolapsed mitral valve is reported. Despite
      the organism's high susceptibility in vitro the patient responded slowly to
      antibiotic treatment. Colony adherence to agar surface and absent or weak
      catalase reaction differentiated this gram-positive coccus from coagulase
      negative staphylococci and micrococci.

PMID- 4043063
TI  - Rarity of Legionella species in routine sputum specimens.

PMID- 4043064
TI  - Gastric juice microflora in patients with gastric ulcer and gastric cancer.

PMID- 4043065
TI  - Neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Pasteurella ureae.

PMID- 4043066
TI  - Isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from a skin lesion.

PMID- 4043067
TI  - First isolation of Neisseria polysacchareae species nova in the Federal Republic
      of Germany.

PMID- 4043068
TI  - Loss of viability of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides vulgatus in different
      media.

PMID- 4043069
TI  - Analysis of gram-positive anaerobic cocci in oral, fecal and vaginal flora.

PMID- 4043070
TI  - Isolation of Campylobacter species by filtration.

PMID- 4043071
TI  - Identification of Clostridium difficile by detection of p-cresol in a cooked meat
      medium.

PMID- 4043072
TI  - Lyme arthritis: does endotoxin play a role?

PMID- 4043073
TI  - Internalization of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in a human
      adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29).
AB  - The time course of internalization of radioiodinated vasoactive intestinal
      peptide (VIP) in HT29 cells was obtained using the technique of acetic acid
      removal of cell-surface-bound peptide. Even after 10 min incubation at 37 degrees
      C, 125I-VIP, initially bound on the HT29 cell surface, was compartmentalized
      within the cells. During the same time, degraded radioactive material was
      released by cells in the incubation medium. Localization of internalized 125I-VIP
      was investigated using two different subcellular fractionation techniques. 10 min
      after the onset of internalization, 125I-VIP labelling was found in intermediate
      structures and 10 min later the bulk of the radioactivity was detected in a low
      density fraction containing very large lysosomes with a multivesicular aspect.
      The lysosomotropic agent NH4Cl appeared to inhibit 125I-VIP internalization,
      degradation and appearance of radiolabelled peptide in the large lysosomes in a
      time-dependent manner. Moreover, the effect of NH4Cl resulted in an accumulation
      of radioactive material in fractions containing microsomal structures. On the
      other hand, bacitracin, together with methylamine, highly enhanced 125I-VIP
      labelling in a membrane fraction, suggesting that these agents possibly act on a
      cell surface component of HT29 cells. These results support the conclusion that
      in HT29 cells, prelysosomal structures and large secondary lysosomes are probably
      part of the intracellular pathway of internalized VIP.

PMID- 4043074
TI  - Stimulation by 3-hydroxybutyrate of pyruvate carboxylation in mitochondria from
      rat liver.
AB  - Isolated rat liver mitochondria incubated in the presence of 3-hydroxybutyrate
      display a markedly increased rate of pyruvate carboxylation as measured by malate
      and citrate production from pyruvate. The stimulation was demonstrable both with
      exogenously added pyruvate, even at saturating concentration, and with pyruvate
      intramitochondrially generated from alanine. The concentration of DL-3
      hydroxybutyrate required for half-maximal stimulation amounted to about 1.5 mM.
      The intramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio as well as the matrix acetyl-CoA level was
      found to remain unchanged by 3-hydroxybutyrate exposure, which, however, lowered
      the absolute intramitochondrial contents of the respective adenine nucleotides.
      The effects of 3-hydroxybutyrate were diminished by the concomitant addition of
      acetoacetate. Moreover, a direct relationship between mitochondrial reduction by
      proline and the rate of pyruvate carboxylation was observed. The results seem to
      indicate that the mitochondrial oxidation--reduction state might be involved in
      the expression of the 3-hydroxybutyrate effect. As to the physiological relevance
      of the findings, 3-hydroxybutyrate could be shown to activate pyruvate
      carboxylation in isolated hepatocytes.

PMID- 4043075
TI  - The structure of sub-nucleosomal particles. The octameric (H3/H4)4--125-base-pair
      DNA complex.
AB  - Chicken erythrocyte chromatin was depleted of histones H1, H5, H2A and H2B. The
      resulting (H3/H4)-containing chromatin was digested with micrococcal nuclease to
      yield monomer, dimer, trimer etc. units, irregularly spaced on the DNA, with even
      number multimers being more prominent. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation
      separated monomers and dimers (7.7 S and 10.5 S). Sodium dodecyl sulphate gel
      electrophoresis and cross-linking indicated: the monomer contains 50-base-pair
      (bp), 60-bp and 70-bp DNA and the dimer 125-bp DNA; the monomer contains a
      tetramer and the dimer an octamer of H3 and H4. Partial association of monomer
      units to dimers inhibits structural studies of monomers. The internal structure
      of the dimer, i.e. and (H3/H4)4-125-bp-DNA particle, was studied using circular
      dichroism, thermal denaturation and nuclease digestion. Both micrococcal nuclease
      and DNase I digestion indicate that, unlike core particles, accessible sites
      occur in the centre of the particle and it is concluded that the (H3/H4)4-125-bp
      DNA particle is not a 'pseudo-core particle' in which the 'extra' H3 and H4
      replace H2A and H2B. It is proposed that the octamer particle is formed by the
      sliding together of two 'monomer' units, each containing the (H3/H4)2 tetramer
      and 70 bp of DNA. Excision of this dimer unit with micrococcal nuclease results
      in the loss of 10 readily digestible base pairs at each end, leaving 125 bp.

PMID- 4043076
TI  - Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement investigation of the solution
      structure and dynamics of the DNA octamer [d(GGTATACC)]2.
AB  - The resonances of nearly all 70 of the non-exchangeable protons of the duplex
      [d(GGTATACC)]2 in aqueous solution are assigned by proton two-dimensional nuclear
      Overhauser enhancement (2D NOE) spectra obtained in pure absorption phase at 500
      MHz. Experimental and theoretical 2D NOE spectra are compared at each mixing time
      (100, 175, 250 and 400 ms) using two B-DNA structures: a standard B-form and an
      energy-minimized form. The GG and CC ends of the octamer duplex are well
      represented by the regular B-DNA structure. But large discrepancies from these
      models are observed for the 'TATA' box. All 2D NOE data are consistent with
      nanosecond correlation times, as indicated by non-selective proton spin-lattice
      relaxation times, but small variations in the correlation time are observed,
      suggesting that there are some local differences in mobility within the octamer
      duplex structure in solution.

PMID- 4043077
TI  - Reductive mobilisation of ferritin iron.
AB  - The reductive mobilisation of iron from ferritin, the principal protein of iron
      storage, was studied. The kinetic characteristics of iron release by dithionite,
      thioglycollate, and dihydroriboflavin 5'-phosphate (FMNH2) were found to differ
      widely. The dependence on pH is most pronounced for the dithionite reduction
      which proceeds 100 times faster at pH 4 than at pH 7. The experimental data can
      be consistently explained in terms of specific interactions of products or educts
      with interfacial iron(III) hydroxide of the ferritin core. Surface complexes with
      the product sulfite are postulated in the dithionite reaction, and with the educt
      in the thioglycollate reaction. Iron(II) complexes with the radical anion FMN-.
      are suggested to be involved in the iron release by FMNH2. The mobilisation of
      iron by a series of thiols of different size and coordinative properties
      confirmed the importance of surface complex formation. No evidence was found for
      predominant effects of hindered shell penetration.

PMID- 4043078
TI  - Synthesis of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase in greening pea leaves.
      Coordination of mRNA level of two subunits.
AB  - Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, with its large subunit encoded in the
      chloroplast and the small subunit in the nucleus, is induced by light.
      Accumulation of the enzyme, its two mRNA levels, and the synthesis rate of enzyme
      protein in pea leaves were followed during induction to understand the role of
      mRNA levels during greening subunit synthesis. The relative mRNA levels for the
      large and the small subunits increased coordinately up to 3-4 days, which almost
      corresponded to an inflection point of the accumulation profile of RuBisCO, and
      then the two mRNA levels gradually decreased. To obtain information of subunit
      synthesis, the extent of labelling of the two subunits were determined for both
      assembled and unassembled subunits using specific IgG. Unassembled subunits were
      found for both polypeptides, with a slight excess of the small one. The observed
      synthesis rates of the small and the large subunits were roughly coordinated
      without overproduction and almost stoichiometric amounts of the two polypeptides
      were found. The profiles of observed synthesis rate of the two subunits and the
      holoenzyme were similar to those of their mRNA levels. These results suggest that
      the synthesis of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase protein and its
      accumulation are dependent on the coordinated change of the two mRNA levels in
      greening pea leaves.

PMID- 4043079
TI  - Hydrolysis of very-low-density lipoproteins labeled with a fluorescent
      triacylglycerol: 1,3-dioleoyl-2-(4-pyrenylbutanoyl)glycerol.
AB  - The fluorescent triacylglycerol (DPBG) 1,3-dioleoyl-2-(4-pyrenylbutanoyl)glycerol
      was incorporated into plasma very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) to form DPBG
      VLDL. In the presence of albumin, the addition of milk lipoprotein lipase to DPBG
      VLDL hydrolyses DPBG together with the VLDL triacylglycerol and pyrenyl fatty
      acids are transferred to albumin. As a consequence the monomer fluorescence
      increases while that of the excimer decreases [Mantulin, W. W., Massey, J. B.,
      Gotto, A. M., Jr & Pownall, H. J. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10815-10819]. The
      relationship of the intensity of the excimer at 475 nm to that of the monomer at
      396 nm was measured before and after lipolysis of VLDL by milk lipoprotein
      lipase. These fluorescent changes parallel the release of free fatty acids from
      VLDL and their uptake by albumin. The rate of increase of monomer to excimer
      fluorescence was dependent upon the enzyme, substrate and albumin concentration.
      The lipolysis reaction, as monitored by fluorescence changes, followed Michaelis
      Menten kinetics with a Km of 1.7 M for milk lipoprotein lipase. The use of the
      fluorescent triacylglycerol probe increases the sensitivity of the technique by a
      factor 50-80 compared to a technique previously reported using a fluorescent
      phospholipid. The present method is applicable to 2-10 micrograms triacylglycerol
      corresponding to about 50-100 microliters of newborn plasma or 30-50 microliters
      normal adult plasma. The use of an Airfuge ultracentrifuge for VLDL isolation, in
      conjunction with that of DPBG as a fluorescent probe enables a rapid study of
      VLDL lipolysis on minimal sample amounts. It can therefore be easily applied to
      normal and dyslipoproteinemic samples and to the newborns.

PMID- 4043080
TI  - Isolation, primary structure and synthesis of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by
      Yersinia enterocolitica.
AB  - Five heat-stable enterotoxins were isolated from the culture supernatant of
      Yersinia enterocolitica and purified to homogeneity by DEAE-Sephacel and high
      performance liquid chromatographies. They caused acute fluid accumulation in the
      intestine of suckling mice. The amino acid sequence of one of the enterotoxins
      was determined to be Ser-Ser-Asp-Trp-Asp-Cys-Cys-Asp-Val-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys
      Ala-Gly-Cys, by Edman degradation of its pyridylethylated derivative and a
      combination of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and carboxypeptidase B
      digestion. This structure was unambiguously confirmed by chemical synthesis. The
      other enterotoxins had longer or shorter amino acid sequences at their N termini,
      but the same sequence at their C termini. The six half-cystine residues formed
      intramolecular disulfide linkages, as shown by measurement of the molecular
      masses of the enterotoxins by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The
      sequence of 13 amino acid residues at the C terminus showed similarity to those
      of heat-stable enterotoxins isolated from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
      [Aimoto, S. et al. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 129, 257-263; Takao, T. et al. (1983)
      FEBS Lett. 152, 1-5] suggesting that these similar sequences are related to the
      common biological and immunological properties of enterotoxins produced by Y.
      enterocolitica and enterotoxigenic E. coli.

PMID- 4043081
TI  - Human alpha-L-iduronidase. 1. Purification, monoclonal antibody production,
      native and subunit molecular mass.
AB  - Human alpha-L-iduronidase from liver was purified about 20 000-fold with a new
      rapid three-step, five-column procedure which consisted of a Concanavalin-A
      Sepharose/Blue-A-Agarose coupled step, a CM-Sepharose/Bio-Gel HT coupled step
      followed by a cupric-ion-chelating Sepharose 6B step. The behaviour of alpha-L
      iduronidase on gel permeation chromatography was dependent upon both pH and ionic
      strength of the eluting buffer. The formation of species with enzyme activity
      which behaved as large-molecular-mass aggregates was favoured under conditions of
      low ionic strength and neutral pH. The amount of high-Mr species diminished as
      the pH decreased or the ionic strength increased to favour a single active
      species of Mr 65 000. A specific monoclonal antibody was generated against liver
      alpha-L-iduronidase. The antibody specifically immunoprecipitated enzyme activity
      from both crude and purified sources. The subunit Mr of liver alpha-L-iduronidase
      was estimated to be 65 000 using SDS-PAGE. Monoclonal antibody
      immunoprecipitation of radiolabelled enzyme was used to provide definitive
      confirmation of this subunit size.

PMID- 4043082
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the N-terminal aggregation and cross-linking region (7S
      domain) of the alpha 1 (IV) chain of human basement membrane collagen.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the 216-residue-long N-terminal aggregation and cross
      linking 7S domain of the alpha 1 (IV) chain of human placental basement membrane
      collagen is presented. The N terminus of the alpha 1 (IV) chain starts with a non
      triple-helical region, which is at least 15 residues long and contains four
      cysteine and two lysine residues as putative cross-linking sites. This segment is
      followed by a 120-residue-long triple helical region, which contains the unusual
      occurrence of a cysteine residue in the Xaa position of a Gly-Xaa-Yaa triplet.
      Since individual molecules in the 7S domain are associated in an antiparallel
      manner, this cysteine probably aligns with one of the four cysteines in the amino
      terminal end of an adjacent molecule, forming an intermolecular disulfide bridge.
      The length of the overlap of two adjacent molecules is estimated to be about 110
      residues. The triple helix adjacent to the overlap zone is interrupted by a 10
      residue-long non-helical area, which is probably responsible for the flexible
      region of the molecules in the neighbourhood of the overlap zone observed in the
      electron microscope. The mode of aggregation of the 7S domain, the formation of
      intermolecular cross-links as well as the relatively high stability of this
      region against proteolytic attack are discussed in the light of the elucidated
      amino acid sequence.

PMID- 4043083
TI  - Human alpha-L-iduronidase. 2. Catalytic properties.
AB  - The kinetic parameters of human liver alpha-L-iduronidase were determined with
      three disaccharide substrates: alpha-L-iduronosyl(1----4)2,5-anhydro-D-[1
      3H]mannitol 6-sulphate, alpha-L-iduronosyl(1----4)2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]mannitol
      and alpha-L-iduronosyl(1----3)2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]talitol 4-sulphate, derived
      from the natural substrates heparin and dermatan sulphate and one synthetic,
      fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-L-iduronide. The enzyme
      activity with all four substrates was optimal at about pH 4.5. The Km values
      derived using the disaccharide substrates were elevated up to 10-fold with up to
      a 6.5-fold increase in ionic strength whereas that for the synthetic substrate
      was only increased by 1.7-fold. The V values for all substrates were unaffected.
      The inhibitory effect of NaCl, Na2SO4, NaH2PO4 or CuCl2 on enzyme activity was
      more pronounced with the disaccharide substrates than with the synthetic
      substrate. The moiety which is most important in binding is the idopyranosyl
      residue. While the aglycone residue adds to the net affinity for the enzyme, it
      is the substituent groups of both residues which appear to control catalysis.
      Specifically the carboxyl moiety of the alpha-L-iduronic acid residue is
      essential for catalysis while the presence of sulphate on the C4 or C6 position
      of the aglycone residue has a major influence on catalysis rather than binding.
      alpha-L-Idosyl(1----4)2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]mannitol 6-sulphate did not undergo
      catalysis and was a potent inhibitor of enzyme activity, whereas beta
      glucuronosyl(1----4)2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]mannitol 6-sulphate, alpha-L-iduronosyl-2
      sulphate(1----4)2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]-mannitol 6-sulphate and 4-methylumbelliferyl
      alpha-L-idoside did not undergo catalysis and were not inhibitory. A model of the
      catalytic requirements of alpha-L-iduronidase is proposed.

PMID- 4043084
TI  - Selective induction of coumarin 7-hydroxylase by pyrazole in D2 mice.
AB  - Pyrazole, was given to DBA/2N (D2), C57BL/6N (B6) and AKR/N mice to study its
      effects on hepatic drug metabolism. A decrease in the total amount of microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 as well as in the activities of ethylmorphine demethylase and
      benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase was found. On the other hand ethoxycoumarin de
      ethylase was increased 1.5-2.5-fold (depending on the strain of mouse) and
      coumarin 7-hydroxylase as much as sevenfold (but only in D2 mice) after pyrazole
      treatment. This increase was much higher than that caused by phenobarbital, the
      only well known inducer of coumarin 7-hydroxylase. By reconstituting the mono
      oxygenase complex after purification of cytochrome P-450 we found a 40-fold
      increase in coumarin 7-hydroxylase and eightfold increase in ethoxycoumarin de
      ethylase after pyrazole treatment. This was found only in D2 mice. An antibody
      previously developed against a cytochrome P-450 fraction from the the D2 strain
      with a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity inhibited the microsomal coumarin 7
      hydroxylase almost 100% after pyrazole pretreatment of the animals. In the case
      of control or phenobarbital-treated mice the inhibition was somewhat weaker. With
      the reconstituted mono-oxygenase complex the inhibition of coumarin 7-hydroxylase
      was almost 100% both for control and pyrazole-treated D2 mice. The data indicate
      that pyrazole causes an induction of the microsomal monooxygenase complex
      different from that caused by phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene and selective
      for coumarin 7-hydroxylation or 7-ethoxycoumarin de-ethylation. This induction
      was strong in D2, weak in B6 and absent in AKR/N mice.

PMID- 4043085
TI  - High-mannose structure of apolipoprotein-B from low-density lipoproteins of human
      plasma.
AB  - Human plasma low-density lipoproteins were purified by flotation followed by gel
      filtration. The protein moiety of the lipoproteins, apolipoprotein-B, which was
      detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as the only protein component,
      contained 4.4% (by weight) carbohydrate. Glycopeptides liberated from
      apolipoprotein-B by pronase were fractionated by affinity chromatography on
      concanavalin-A--Sepharose. The results indicated that high-mannose glycopeptides
      interacting strongly with the lectin comprise about 37% of the total
      monosaccharides of apolipoprotein-B. Thus, as compared to the total serum
      glycoproteins having about 5% of their monosaccharides in high-mannose
      glycopeptides, low-density lipoproteins are relatively enriched in these
      structures amounting up to about 10% of the total high-mannose oligosaccharides
      in serum. The rest of the carbohydrates in low-density lipoproteins are suggested
      to be mainly biantennary acidic oligosaccharides interacting weakly with
      concanavalin A. The oligomannosidic chains from native low-density lipoproteins
      and isolated glycopeptides were released by digestion with endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase H. Thin-layer chromatography of the released
      oligosaccharides indicated that apolipoprotein-B contains five different
      oligomannosidic structures varying in the number of the mannose residues from
      Man5GlcNAc to Man9GlcNAc. Separation of the per-O-benzoylated high-mannose
      oligosaccharides by high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed the same
      polymeric structures in a molar ratio (from Man5 to Man9) of 10:2:3:2:3.
      Apolipoprotein-B in low-density lipoproteins was calculated to contain five high
      mannose chains in total. The different high-mannose oligosaccharides liberated by
      endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H were isolated with high-pressure liquid
      chromatography after reduction with NaBH4, and subjected to methylation analysis
      with gas-liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry. The data of these studies and
      the results of exoglycosidase treatment suggest the following structure for the
      main high-mannose oligosaccharide: (formula: see text) The higher polymeric
      structures are composed of chains in which the Man5GlcNAc structure is continued
      by one to four Man(alpha 1-2) residues.

PMID- 4043086
TI  - Transport of proteins into chloroplasts. The effect of incorporation of amino
      acid analogues on the import and processing of chloroplast polypeptides.
AB  - We have synthesized abnormal precursors of imported chloroplast proteins by
      incorporating amino acid analogues during translation in a cell-free wheat germ
      system. Incorporation of analogues of either proline, arginine or leucine
      markedly inhibits both the import of Pisum sativum ribulosebisphosphate
      carboxylase small subunit precursor by isolated chloroplasts and processing to
      the mature size by the purified processing enzyme. One effect of the arginine
      analogue is to remove a positive charge(s) in the precursor essential for
      efficient recognition by the processing enzyme. Incorporation of a lysine
      analogue results in moderate inhibition of the import of small subunit precursor
      but complete inhibition of import of the chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide
      precursor. The effect of carboxymethylation on the import of chloroplast proteins
      is also analyzed. The results indicate that residues essential for transport of
      the imported proteins by the chloroplast vary among different protein precursors.

PMID- 4043087
TI  - Flavobacterium heparinum 6-O-sulphatase for N-substituted glucosamine 6-O
      sulphate.
AB  - A specific glyco-6-O-sulphatase has been purified to homogeneity from
      Flavobacterium heparinum. The enzyme hydrolyses the 6-O-sulphates of 2-deoxy-2
      sulphamido-6-O-sulpho-D-glucose (GlcNS-6S), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulpho-D
      glucose (GlcNAc-6S) and 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-O-sulphato-D-glucose (GlcN-6S). The
      activity was purified 2100-fold by successive chromatography on CM-Sepharose CL
      6B, Sepharose CL-4B, hydroxyapatite and blue-Sepharose CL-6B. Sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a protein of relative
      molecular mass 64000. Four novel assays were developed using 35S-labelled and 14C
      labelled monosaccharides. The purified enzyme was free of all other known heparin
      degrading enzymes. In particular this was the first resolution of the 6-O
      sulphatase from the sulphamidase. Optimal activity was at pH 7.5. Enzyme activity
      was virtually unaffected by Na+ and K+ ions. Enhancements of activity of 12% and
      30% were effected by Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions respectively. Inorganic phosphate and
      sulphate (both 0.005 mol dm-3) inhibited activity by 48% and 50% respectively.
      The Km value for the free amino substrate GlcN-6S was 1.35 mmol dm-3. In contrast
      the Km values for the GlcNAc-6S and GlcNS-6S were 54 mumol dm-3 and 16 mumol dm-3
      respectively.

PMID- 4043088
TI  - Influence of monensin on biosynthesis, processing and secretion of proteodermatan
      sulfate by skin fibroblasts.
AB  - The influence of monensin on biosynthesis, processing and secretion of
      proteodermatan sulfate from human skin fibroblasts was studied with the aid of a
      specific immunological procedure. Double-labeling experiments with [3H]leucine
      and [35S]sulfate indicated that monensin caused a dose-dependent parallel
      decrease of sulfate incorporation into total and of secretion of 3H-labeled
      proteodermatan sulfate. Compared with the untreated control, a greater proportion
      of incorporated [35S]sulfate than of incorporated [3H]leucine became secreted.
      Other monensin effects were a moderate intracellular accumulation of
      glycosaminoglycan-free core protein, a reduced chain length and a greatly reduced
      epimerization of D-glucuronic to L-iduronic acid residues. In contrast to the
      formation of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate residues 6-sulfation was not
      affected. Conversion of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides to complex-type N
      glycans which normally occurred concomitantly with glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis
      was inhibited. Withdrawal of monensin made possible an additional sulfation of
      intracellularly accumulated proteodermatan sulfate. The newly formed sulfate
      esters did not cluster at the non-reducing ends of the glycosaminoglycan chains.
      Cells preexposed to monensin and labeled with [3H]glucosamine either in the
      absence or continuous presence of the drug incorporated similar amounts of 3H
      radioactivity into proteodermatan sulfate. The results suggest that epimerization
      of D-glucuronic acid residues and 4-sulfation occur predominantly in the trans
      cisternae of the Golgi apparatus whereas chain polymerisation and 6-sulfation
      take place predominantly in the cis Golgi complex.

PMID- 4043089
TI  - Consequences of methylation on the amino group of adenine. A proton two
      dimensional NMR study of d(GGATATCC) and d(GGm6ATATCC).
AB  - A two-dimensional 500-MHz 1H-NMR study of two oligonucleotides, d(GGATATCC) and
      d(GGm6ATATCC), is presented in which we have investigated the effects of adenine
      methylation. The two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser spectra (NOESY) show that
      both oligonucleotides adopt a normal right-handed B-type helix and one
      dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) studies demonstrate that any
      difference in conformation must be small. However methylation drastically slows
      down the helix in equilibrium coil exchange which becomes slow on a proton NMR
      time scale. While d(GGATATCC) fits a two-site exchange model, d(GGm6ATATCC) does
      not and we invoke the presence of a third species which may be an intermediate in
      helix formation. NMR and ultraviolet spectroscopy show that methylation
      destabilizes the helix, measured by the melting temperature and enthalpy of
      dissociation.

PMID- 4043090
TI  - Mouse teratocarcinoma and embryonic development. Two-dimensional protein patterns
      in nerve differentiation.
AB  - The transition in mouse teratocarcinomas of pluripotential stem cells to
      histogenetically determined ones of the neurogenic cell lineage was analysed at
      the total cellular protein level by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The
      change in morphology and function was found to be reflected by extensive shifts
      in the protein synthesis patterns. From a total of about 1000 resolved
      polypeptides that are synthesized in embryoid bodies of a multidifferentiating
      teratocarcinoma, about 12% (117 proteins) are not found or only present at a very
      much reduced level in two teratocarcinoma-derived neuroblastomas. On the other
      hand, the change in phenotype is accompanied by the de novo or greatly enhanced
      synthesis of another 69 proteins (about 7%) in the neurogenic tumors. In a
      screening for differentiation-specific proteins this set was compared with the
      protein synthesized in neural tissue of maturing brain and muscle tissue of
      developing limbs at three different postimplantation stages covering the onset of
      organogenesis. This comparison disclosed that a great portion of the
      differentiation-related proteins (26 proteins) are synthesized in both brain and
      muscle and are probably required by a differentiated cell in general like
      cytostructural proteins. Seventeen polypeptides, however, are synthesized in a
      cell type specific manner. In particular, 4 proteins that are synthesized in both
      neurogenic tumors and in brain but not in muscle tissue were tentatively called
      nerve-specific proteins (NSP) and are the most promising in further analyses of
      differentiation-specific proteins.

PMID- 4043091
TI  - Mouse teratocarcinoma and embryonic development. Two-dimensional protein patterns
      in muscle differentiation.
AB  - Muscle cell differentiation was analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
      of newly synthesized proteins compared in two parallel systems: in mouse
      teratocarcinoma-derived tumors that became restricted in their developmental
      potential to the formation of muscle-like cells and in developing limbs of the
      early mouse fetus. Muscle cell differentiation in teratocarcinomas was found to
      be reflected by both a marked decrease in the rate of synthesis of about 12% (119
      proteins) of the resolved polypeptides and a pronounced increase in the synthesis
      of another large set of proteins (83 proteins). The majority of the newly
      acquired proteins (46 proteins) were also detected in fetal brain and muscle
      tissue. These proteins are considered to be those which accompany differentiation
      in general, regardless of cell type, as e.g. ubiquitously occurring structural
      proteins. Their expression in the muscle cells of the tumors may reflect the
      normal aspect of this particular differentiation pathway. Five polypeptides were
      found to appear specifically in both myogenic tumors and developing limbs, but
      not during brain formation and were tentatively termed muscle-specific proteins
      (MSP). The identification of differentiation-related proteins in muscle
      development will allow us to analyse differentiation in early development in
      molecular terms.

PMID- 4043092
TI  - Restriction of docking protein to the rough endoplasmic reticulum:
      immunocytochemical localization in rat liver.
AB  - Docking protein (or SRP receptor) is an integral membrane protein essential for
      translocation of nascent polypeptides across the membrane of the endoplasmic
      reticulum (ER). Anti-docking protein antibodies were used to localize this
      protein in situ in thin frozen sections using protein A-gold detection methods.
      The majority of gold particles was restricted to ribosome-studded membranes,
      whereas particles were rarely seen in areas rich in smooth ER. Quantitative
      evaluation of labeling suggests that there is one molecule of docking protein for
      roughly 10 to 20 bound ribosomes. On the basis of these results we conclude that
      docking protein is the first functionally-characterized integral marker protein
      specific for the rough membranes of ER.

PMID- 4043094
TI  - Rapid and sensitive assays for phagosomal acidification in Paramecium and
      Tetrahymena.
AB  - Biochemical and cytochemical procedures were developed to measure the rate of
      phagosomal acidification for phagosomal pH ranging from 5 to 2.5. These assays
      were based on the pH-dependent inactivation with time of horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) activity, a result attributable to the dissociation of this enzyme to a
      colorless protein and ferriprotoporphyrin in acidic solutions. When preincubated
      in buffers of varying pH, the rate of HRP inactivation followed a sigmoid curve,
      with the highest rate of inactivation between 4.3 and 3.5 when using citrate
      phosphate buffer and between pH 3.4 and 2.8 when using the universal ABC buffer.
      This inactivation was temperature but not concentration dependent. When
      Paramecium caudatum, members of the P. aurelia complex or Tetrahymena thermophila
      was pulsed briefly with HRP and small fluorescent beads, the loss of HRP
      activity, measured biochemically in cell homogenates and/or cytochemically in
      phagosomes, was rapid and followed the kinetics of a first-order rate reaction.
      Both assays gave similar values for the rate constant for acidification and
      similar rates of inhibition when P. caudatum was exposed to a proton ionophore,
      carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone. These assays can readily be
      adapted to other phagocytic cells as long as a rapid procedure is available for
      removing all unphagocytosed HRP and latex beads. These procedures are sensitive
      and rapid thus allowing many samples to be quickly prepared and analyzed.

PMID- 4043093
TI  - Fibrinogen distribution on surfaces and in organelles of ADP stimulated human
      blood platelets.
AB  - The fibrinogen distribution in platelet organelles after ADP-stimulation was
      investigated with anti-human fibrinogen using protein A-gold applied to serial
      sections. Fibrinogen was detected in the so-called alpha-granules of platelets
      and also in granule protrusions which were observed after ADP-stimulation. The
      ends of these protrusions were formed as coated membranes and the tips were often
      in apposition to the surface connected membranes or the plasmalemma. At such
      places fusion events and hence signs of an exocytosis could be demonstrated by
      means of cryofixation and cryosubstitution. Examination of serial sections
      revealed fibrinogen on all these granule profiles. Surface connected membranes,
      free surfaces and the characteristic structure of the contact zones of aggregated
      platelets were also labelled by gold particles but less than anticipated. On the
      platelet surfaces and surface connected membranes fibrinogen was rarely
      demonstrable with ferritin-labelled anti-human fibrinogen on washed or thrombin
      stimulated, almost fibrinogen free platelets. After addition of human fibrinogen
      to the thrombin stimulated and disaggregated platelets a part of the platelets
      aggregated spontaneously and formed characteristic contact zones. Anti-human
      fibrinogen was observed on the free surfaces, in filamentous bridges between the
      contact spaces and in a tubular surface connected membrane system with
      involvement of coated membranes at the central ends of these structures. The
      results indicate the following: all alpha-granules contain fibrinogen; after ADP
      stimulation secretion takes place with involvement of coated membranes; during
      aggregation fibrinogen binds to platelet surfaces and forms contact spaces;
      fibrinogen is taken up by the surface connected system with involvement of coated
      membranes.

PMID- 4043095
TI  - Duration of symptoms and the effects of a more aggressive surgical policy: two
      factors affecting prognosis of infective endocarditis.
AB  - One hundred and six patients were analysed in order to assess the effect of a
      more aggressive surgical policy in relation to the delays in diagnosis of
      infective endocarditis. The average duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 9.7
      weeks, even though the patients had sought medical advice at a relatively early
      stage of their illness (2.2 weeks). Three of the 29 (10.3%) patients who were
      treated surgically died and all three were operated upon five weeks or later
      after diagnosis. Seventy-seven patients did not have surgery and 15 died (19.5%).
      The outcome of surgical treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis was no worse
      than for native valve endocarditis. The mortality of prosthetic valve
      endocarditis including early infections was 32% with medical but only 10% with
      surgical management compared with 14.5% and 10.5% in native valve endocarditis.
      Endocarditis cannot always be prevented but earlier diagnosis would reduce
      mortality and prevent complications. When medical treatment is failing then
      surgery should be considered early and urgently particularly in staphylococcal
      infection or when large mobile vegetations are recognized; surgery is mandatory
      in fungal endocarditis. Earlier diagnosis would greatly reduce the current high
      incidence of surgery, but that depends on a much heightened index of suspicion
      amongst both general practitioners and hospital physicians.

PMID- 4043096
TI  - Coronary angiography with flashing tomosynthesis.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with coronary artery disease were studied with standard 35
      mm coronary cineangiography and flashing tomosynthesis, to assess the value of
      the latter technique to detect stenotic coronary arteries. All occluded vessels
      and all coronary stenoses seen by cineangiography were also found by flashing
      tomosynthesis. A correlation coefficient of r = 0.85 (P less than 0.001) was
      determined between the degrees of stenosis obtained by the two techniques. With
      flashing tomosynthesis, less contrast medium was needed, the investigation time
      was shorter, and the radiation exposure markedly reduced. At present, dynamic
      events, such as collateral blood flow, cannot be evaluated. We conclude that
      coronary arterial stenoses and occlusions can be reliably evaluated by flashing
      tomosynthesis. Further technological developments are necessary for the technique
      to gain clinical acceptance.

PMID- 4043097
TI  - Malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias in association with propafenone treatment.
AB  - During treatment with the class Ic antiarrhythmic agent propafenone, the drug
      appeared to cause malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias in five patients. Sudden
      cardiac death occurred in two of them. Three patients exhibited a transition from
      non-self-terminating ventricular tachycardia to ventricular fibrillation. In the
      other two patients electrocardiography during syncope revealed ventricular
      fibrillation. The observed malignant arrhythmias occurred within the first three
      days of treatment for chronic complex ventricular ectopic activity. Two of the
      five patients had markedly impaired left ventricular function. All patients
      received digoxin and low dose diuretic therapy. In contrast to drug induced
      arrhythmias encountered with other type I antiarrhythmic agents, the
      proarrhythmic effects of propafenone were not associated with marked QT
      prolongation. QRS duration was only slightly affected.

PMID- 4043098
TI  - Diurnal variation in symptom-limited exercise test responses six weeks after
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Diurnal variation of exercise test responses occurring during symptom-limited
      treadmill exercise testing was investigated in 45 patients six weeks after
      myocardial infarction. Each patient was exercised using a Naughton protocol
      before 8 a.m. and after 6 p.m. on the same day. No complications arose. There was
      no significant diurnal variation of any of the analysed exercise induced
      ischaemic abnormalities (angina pectoris or ST segment shift) or of the mean
      maximal exercise durations and achieved workloads. Mean maximal heart rates and
      heart rate-systolic blood pressure double products were similar in both tests. ST
      segment depression occurred in 21 patients and was totally consistent in both
      tests. An abnormal blood pressure response occurred in 14 patients in the morning
      test and in 18 patients in the evening test but this discordance did not reach
      statistical significance. Similarly there was no significant diurnal variation in
      exercise induced ventricular arrhythmias, although only three of the 11 patients
      in whom they occurred had this abnormality on both tests. We conclude that in
      this group of patients, no significant diurnal variation was observed in either
      exercise induced ischaemic abnormalities or in exercise haemodynamics during
      symptom-limited exercise tests performed six weeks after myocardial infarction.
      These data increase the confidence in clinical management decisions based on the
      results of this test.

PMID- 4043099
TI  - Prognosis of patients with different peak serum creatine kinase levels after
      first myocardial infarction.
AB  - The extent to which patients with low peak serum creatine kinase (CK) at their
      first myocardial infarction differ from patients with high CK levels in terms of
      risk for subsequent ischaemic events was investigated in 266 patients who
      survived the first 48 h from the onset of infarction. All patients were followed
      up for one year. Four groups were formed based on peak CK less than or equal to
      200, 201-400, 401-800 and greater than 800 IU l-1. During follow-up the incidence
      of mortality was 15% (N = 39), non-fatal re-infarction 9% (N = 23), and angina
      53% (N = 140). Hospital mortality was significantly higher (P less than 0.02) in
      the highest CK-group (16%), but the incidence of non-fatal re-infarction, angina
      pectoris and late mortality was similar in the four groups. In hospital
      survivors, ischaemic ST-changes during pre-discharge symptom limited bicycle
      stress test and multiple vessel disease were equally distributed in all four
      groups. We conclude that while hospital mortality is directly related to peak CK,
      there is no relationship between peak CK and late mortality, non-fatal re
      infarctions, or recurrent angina. Accordingly, diagnostic and therapeutic
      procedures in the individual patients are not influenced by the amount of serum
      CK released during acute infarction.

PMID- 4043100
TI  - Role of blood pressure response to provocative tests in the prediction of
      hypertension in adolescents.
AB  - To assess the value of exercise stress testing and of mental stress as predictors
      of hypertension, we studied 130 normotensive males 14-18 years of age. Sixty-five
      had at least one hypertensive parent (SHT), while 65 had normotensive parents
      (SNT). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, rate-pressure product
      (RPP) and 12-lead ECG were recorded at rest, throughout the tests and during the
      recovery phase. The two groups were not significantly different at rest for the
      examined variables. However, the SHT group showed a greater average SBP than the
      SNT group (198.4 +/- 18.7 vs 189.5 +/- 14.9 mmHg; P less than 0.05) at the peak
      of exercise. A significantly higher proportion of SHT subjects (40.0% vs 18.5%: P
      less than 0.01) had SBP greater than 200 mmHg. No difference in the ECG pattern
      between the two groups was observed. During mental stress, no significant
      differences in the examined variables between the two groups were noted, although
      SBP, DBP, HR and RPP were slightly higher in SHT than in SNT subjects. These data
      suggest that the SBP response to dynamic exercise may be a good predictor of
      hypertension in subjects at risk.

PMID- 4043101
TI  - Conversion of supraventricular arrhythmias to sinus rhythm using flecainide.
AB  - We evaluated the efficacy of flecainide acetate (given intravenously to a maximal
      dose of 2 mg kg-1 and then orally in a dose of 100 mg b.d. or 100 mg t.d.s.) in
      the conversion to sinus rhythm of 50 patients exhibiting supraventricular
      arrhythmias (39 with atrial fibrillation, 6 with atrial flutter, 4 with
      supraventricular tachycardia and one with supraventricular tachycardia in
      association with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome). Conversion was achieved in
      36 patients (72%) (29 cases with atrial fibrillation, 4 cases with
      supraventricular tachycardia, 2 cases with atrial flutter and one case with Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome), over a mean period of 7.4 +/- 9 h. The patients in
      which conversion was achieved had arrhythmias which had been in existence for a
      shorter time (5.3 +/- 9.8 days) than those in which conversion was not achieved
      (16.7 +/- 26.2 days) (P less than 0.01). The mean dosage of flecainide used to
      achieve conversion was 2.5 +/- 2.36 mg kg-1. Flecainide appears to be an
      effective agent for the conversion to sinus rhythm of atrial fibrillation and
      supraventricular tachycardias. Its efficacy in cases of atrial flutter has not
      yet been demonstrated.

PMID- 4043102
TI  - Cardiomyopathy in phaeochromocytoma: report of a case with a 16-year follow-up
      after surgery and review of the literature.
AB  - A 39-year-old woman had suffered from congestive heart failure of unknown cause
      for 3.5 years before a phaeochromocytoma was diagnosed. After pretreatment with
      phenoxybenzamine, the tumour was removed by surgery resulting in disappearance of
      signs of heart disease. The patient was followed for 16 years: at that time she
      was free of symptoms and X-ray and echocardiography showed only a slightly
      enlarged heart and a minor impairment of left ventricular performance. Six
      similar cases from the literature are reviewed. The significance of
      catecholamines in causing heart disease in patients with phaeochromocytoma is
      discussed.

PMID- 4043103
TI  - Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery presenting with
      infective endocarditis in an adult.
AB  - A case is presented of a 36-year old female who presented with signs of mitral
      regurgitation due to infective endocarditis. Investigation revealed an anomolous
      left coronary artery arising from pulmonary artery. She successfully underwent
      mitral valve replacement. Survival following mitral valve replacement and
      presentation with endocarditis have never been reported in this rare condition.

PMID- 4043104
TI  - Anomalous origin of an accessory coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery:
      report of a case with arrhythmia, precordial pain and left heart failure.
AB  - Anomalous origin of the coronary arteries from the main pulmonary artery is a
      rare congenital malformation. While this anomaly rarely produces cardiac
      symptoms, the more frequently encountered anomalous left coronary artery arising
      from the main pulmonary artery is poorly tolerated, the majority of patients
      dying in infancy. This report describes a symptomatic sixty-year old man with
      anomalous posterior descending coronary artery arising from the pulmonary trunk
      and details the angiographic findings.

PMID- 4043105
TI  - Diagnosis of left coronary arteriovenous fistula by cross-sectional
      echocardiography.

PMID- 4043106
TI  - Prognostic significance of repetitive ventricular response in chronic coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - A prospective study was conducted in 267 patients with angiographically defined
      coronary artery disease without documented ventricular tachycardia to determine
      the prognostic significance of repetitive ventricular response (RVR) after
      programmed electrical stimulation (PES). The patients were classified inducible
      if RVR with 3 or more echo beats (RVR greater than or equal to 3) could be
      induced. 89 patients without previous myocardial infarction (MI), 61 survivors of
      MI occurring between 6 weeks and 3 months before and 117 patients who had
      survived longer than 3 months after MI were studied. A standardized stimulation
      protocol with single (S1S2) and double (S1S2S3) extrastimuli during ventricular
      drive at a cycle length of 600, 500 and 430 ms with a current strength below 5 mA
      at the right ventricular apex was employed. Ventricular responses with 3 to 5
      echo beats (RVR3-5) and with 6 and more echo beats (RVR greater than or equal to
      6) were distinguished. In 68 (25%) patients RVR3-5 and in 38 (14%) patients RVR
      greater than or equal to 6 was observed; in 11 patients with RVR greater than or
      equal to 6 sustained VT was initiated which was monomorphic in 5 of them. The
      occurrence of RVR greater than or equal to 6 was related to the time interval to
      prior MI and most frequently found within 3 months of MI. A higher incidence of
      RVR greater than or equal to 6 was observed in more advanced CAD, although the
      angiographic findings were unable to predict the results of PES. During a mean
      follow up of 20 months 11 patients died, 8 suddenly, 3 in cardiac failure. Those
      who died had more extensive CAD, RVR greater than or equal to 3 was found in 4 of
      them and nonsustained VT in one. The sensitivity of RVR greater than or equal to
      3 as a predictor of sudden death (SD) was 36% and the specifity 60%. The
      predictive value of inducibility of RVR greater than or equal to 3 as indicator
      of SD was 4% and the predictive value of noninducibility was 98%. It is concluded
      that in patients with chronic CAD without spontaneous VT, RVR with 3 more echo
      beats does not identify a predisposition to die suddenly.

PMID- 4043107
TI  - Electrophysiology of normal anterograde atrio-ventricular conduction with and
      without autonomic blockade.
AB  - The electrophysiological measures of atrio-ventricular (A-V) conduction were
      investigated in 20 normal subjects (mean age: 43.9 +/- 15.7 years) both during
      basal state and after pharmacological autonomic blockade. In the basal state A-H
      and H-V intervals and H wave duration ranged from 55-110 ms (mean 83 +/- 15.9),
      35-45 ms (mean 39.5 +/- 3.9) and 10-20 ms (mean 17 +/- 4.1), respectively. The
      lowest atrial rate inducing Wenckebach periods ranged from 150-200 beats min-1
      (mean 176.5 +/- 13.8). The effective refractory period (ERP) and the functional
      refractory period from FRP) of the atrium ranged from 160-260 ms (mean 211 +/-
      26.7) and 210-280 ms (mean 252.5 +/- 21.2), respectively. The ERP and the FRP of
      the A-V node were in the ranges 230-310 ms (mean 269.3 +/- 27.2) and 330-450 ms
      (mean 395 +/- 41.2), respectively. After autonomic blockade the H-V interval and
      the H wave duration did not change in any subject. The A-H interval was in the
      range 55-105 ms (mean 82.5 +/- 15) and the lowest atrial rate inducing Wenckebach
      periods 150-220 beats min-1 (mean 179.5 +/- 13.5). The ERP and the FRP of the
      atrium ranged from 170-270 ms (mean 215.5 +/- 28.3) and 210-300 ms (mean 254 +/-
      27.2), respectively. The ERP and the FRP of the A-V node were in the ranges 220
      320 ms (mean 260.8 +/- 32) and 330-440 ms (mean 383.3 +/- 43.7), respectively.
      The A-V node variables did not change significantly following autonomic blockade.
      These data indicate that: the definition of normal values of A-V node
      measurements after autonomic blockade allow us to evaluate the role of the
      autonomic nervous system in the patients with A-V node conduction disturbances;
      in the basal state the normal values of A-V conduction variables we obtained, of
      refractory periods in particular, are shorter than those previously reported;
      this appears to be related to the strict criteria we used in subject selection.

PMID- 4043108
TI  - Leydig-cell tumor of the ovary: visualization using 131I-19-iodocholesterol
      scintigraphy.
AB  - A Leydig (Hilus)-cell tumor of the ovary was diagnosed in a 54-year-old woman
      with severe hirsutism and virilization. This case is unique in that it was
      diagnosed in a postmenopausal female 24 years after ovarian irradiation for
      sterilization, and the tumor was successfully localized preoperatively using 131I
      19-iodocholesterol scintigraphy. This nuclear scanning technique may be of use in
      documenting the biologic activity of ovarian masses and in localizing functioning
      ovarian tumors which are too small to palpate or to localize by other means.

PMID- 4043109
TI  - Evaluation of methods for qualitative and quantitative assessment of esophageal
      transit of liquid.
AB  - The aim of this work was to compare the advantages and the limitations of several
      data processing techniques for the assessment of esophageal transit. The
      following qualitative methods were evaluated: scintigraphic image, cine-display,
      regional time-activity curve, and condensed image. The quantitative methods
      evaluated were the pixel to pixel presentation of parameters of the time-activity
      curves such as time of arrival, time to maximum, and several downslope
      parameters, mean transit time, mean time, and a new transit parameter based on
      the radioactive decay. The study allowed us to conclude that for the detection
      and the quantitation of esophageal transit the method of choice was the combined
      use of the condensed image and the pixel to pixel mean time image. The parametric
      image using the transit parameter calculated from decay was shown as a valuable
      alternative if an ultra-short half-life radionuclide was used as the tracer.

PMID- 4043110
TI  - Radionuclide imaging of ovarian tumours with a radiolabelled (123I) monoclonal
      antibody (NDOG2).
AB  - The biodistribution of a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody (123I-NDOG2) was
      studied in patients with ovarian tumour. It was found that the uptake patterns in
      known tumour sites was variable and that the clearance of the agent from the
      vascular pool was due to renal excretion of the radionuclide and the
      redistribution of the radioactively labelled compound into other compartments.
      The mean (+/- SD) plasma clearance time was 20.8 (+/- 2.3) h and the ratios of
      target (tumour) to background (thigh) ranged between 1.4 and 4.8. The ratio
      between the plasma radioactivity at either 3.5 or 20 h after administration was
      calculated relative to the initial plasma radioactivity. These values (0.79 and
      0.48, respectively) were incorporated into an image-subtraction technique that
      allowed for redistribution outside the vascular pool. A whole-body dose
      equivalent to 16.3 mu Sv MBq-1 (60.4 mrem.mCi-1) was calculated.

PMID- 4043111
TI  - Serial measurement of renal plasma flow.
AB  - Effective renal plasma flow was measured two or three times in 1 h in 12 healthy
      volunteers. Radiohippuran (ortho-iodohippurate) was injected intravenously, and
      blood samples were obtained 8, 13 and 18 min post-administration. The problem of
      interference in succeeding measurements by activity from preceding injections was
      overcome by the use of three different radiolabels. These were, in order of use,
      125I, 123I and 131I. The principal energies of gamma- and/or X-ray emission were
      30, 160 and 365 KeV, respectively, allowing completely independent assay. A close
      correlation was observed between the results obtained for the three radionuclides
      over a wide range of renal plasma flow. The technique is relatively non-invasive
      and is presented as a suitable method for the important task of measuring renal
      plasma flow under the influence of drugs, especially of anaesthetics.

PMID- 4043112
TI  - Intracranial meningioma with abnormal localization of bone-seeking
      radiopharmaceutical: correlation with gross and microscopic pathology.
AB  - Meningioma is one of the neoplasms in which there may be extraosseous
      localization of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Tumor calcification, calvarial
      erosion, and the formation of reactive bone have been proposed as the cause of
      this abnormal tracer localization. We present a patient with a frontal meningioma
      that was evaluated using 99mTc-methylene-diphosphonate bone scintigraphy, head
      computed tomography, and skull radiography; the homogeneous density seen in the
      radiographic studies corresponded to the area of bone-seeking-agent localization
      shown in the scintigram. At autopsy, bony tissue and a few psammoma bodies were
      found in the meningioma, and apparently accounted for the bone-tracer
      localization. There was no calvarial erosion and no formation of reactive bone.
      If skull-radiographic studies show a homogeneous, radio-opaque lesion with no
      reactive changes in the adjacent skull, a meningioma showing a localization of a
      bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical may be predicted to have bone-tissue formation
      with or without psammoma bodies.

PMID- 4043114
TI  - European Nuclear Medicine Congress. September 3-6, 1985, London, England.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4043115
TI  - Localization of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia with single view and
      biplanar radionuclide ventriculography: validation in single vessel coronary
      disease.
AB  - The ability of single view and biplanar radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) to
      determine the location of myocardial ischemia during maximal graded supine
      bicycle exercise was assessed in 50 patients with chest pain, no prior myocardial
      infarction, and a single coronary stenosis of greater than or equal to 50%
      luminal diameter narrowing at coronary angiography. A biplane collimator was used
      so that both right anterior oblique (RAO) gated first-pass and left anterior
      oblique (LAO) equilibrium RVG could be performed at rest and exercise. Results
      were compared with those obtained using 4-view 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy in
      the same patients. Regional wall motion abnormalities (WMA) and 201Tl perfusion
      defects were detected and assigned to individual coronary vessels by agreement
      between at least two of three independent observers, who read all studies blinded
      along with those from control subjects with chest pain but no angiographically
      significant coronary artery disease. When scintigraphic abnormalities were
      detected, both biplanar RVG (36/39 = 92%) and 201Tl (25/25 = 100%) were more
      frequently correct in predicting the stenosed vessel than single view LAO RVG
      (24/32 = 75%) (P less than 0.05). At RVG only inferior WMA, in the RAO view,
      predicted right coronary stenosis. Only posterolateral WMA, in the LAO view,
      predicted left circumflex stenosis. Thus biplanar, but not single view, LAO
      exercise RVG is a reasonable alternative to exercise 201Tl for localizing
      exercise-induced ischemic abnormalities to individual coronary stenoses.

PMID- 4043113
TI  - Scintigraphic demonstration of a diaphragmatic defect as the cause of massive
      hydrothorax in cirrhosis.
AB  - A 64-year-old man presented with a massive right-sided hydrothorax associated
      with cirrhosis of the liver. There was no clinical evidence of ascites nor other
      underlying disease. The usual complementary tests failed to demonstrate any
      causative abnormality. Chest and abdominal scintigraphy after intraperitoneal
      injection of 99mTc-human serum albumin disclosed early filling of the pleural
      space by the radiopharmaceutical and suggested a diaphragmatic defect as the
      cause for this rare association.

PMID- 4043116
TI  - Nuclear medicine liver-function tests for pregnant women and children. 2. A new
      test method via urine using 15N-methacetin.
AB  - A simple, non-invasive, non-radioactive liver-function test is proposed. After an
      oral dose of 3 mg 15N-methacetin per kilogram body mass, the kinetics of 15N
      excretion via urine were characterized by the quotient of the amounts of 15N
      excreted in two successive urine samples (Q value). The stable nitrogen isotope
      15N was found to be an excellent and easily detectable indicator of the sum of
      all methacetin metabolites present in urine. Alterations in the nature or ratio
      of methacetin metabolites due to liver diseases could not be found. From the
      investigation of 11 men, 3 pregnant women and 15 children, a clear difference was
      observed in Q values of healthy persons and patients suffering from liver-cell
      activity diseases. The discriminating power of our new liver-function test is
      shown to be equivalent to that of the 14CO2 breath test.

PMID- 4043117
TI  - A liver-function test using 15N-labelled ammonium chloride.
AB  - Malfunction of the liver involves disturbances of urea synthesis and ammonia
      detoxification. These phenomena became apparent, especially during ammonia
      loading of patients. The functional state of the liver can be assessed by oral
      administration of 15NH4Cl and subsequent analysis of 15N-urea and 15N-ammonia in
      urine by emission spectrometry. Clinical tests based on the ratio of the excess
      abundances of 15N-ammonia to 15N-urea excreted in urine 3 h after oral
      administration gave values for patients with liver disease which differed
      significantly from those for healthy subjects. Absorption disturbances, which
      often accompany liver diseases, do not influence the effectiveness of the method.

PMID- 4043118
TI  - Detection of occult and intermittent rhinorrhea using 111In-DTPA.
AB  - In an attempt to detect occult or intermittent rhinorrhea, 10 patients without
      and 9 cases with rhinorrhea were investigated after a lumbal injection of 1.3 mCi
      111In-DTPA. Significant count rates were detectable in the nasal pledgets of all
      individuals, so that it was not possible to distinguish those with and those
      without rhinorrhea. Therefore, the ratio of activity in nasal pledgets and blood
      normalized for weight recommended by McKusick et al. was used. In the patients
      without evidence of rhinorrhea, the ratio did not exceed 2.0, whereas in 8 of the
      9 cases with rhinorrhea, it was considerably increased. The detectability of
      rhinorrhea was increased by using more than one measurement and by provocation
      manoeuvres.

PMID- 4043119
TI  - Inquiry to standardize nuclear-medical functional investigations.

PMID- 4043120
TI  - Scintigraphy of lymphatic vessels in malignant melanoma of the skin before
      operation (en bloc excision).
AB  - An injection of 99mTc-labelled antimony sulphide colloid was used to show the
      lymphatic pathways in patients with malignant melanoma of the trunk skin. Using a
      gamma camera, optimal visualisation was obtained 15-30 min postinjection.
      Surprising deviations of the lymphatic pathways were found; therefore, this
      method makes it possible to plan continuity dissection appropriate to individual
      cases. Two examples are presented.

PMID- 4043121
TI  - The prevention of adhesion of 99mTc-tin (II) colloid to glass surfaces.
AB  - The tin(II) colloid is highly surface active and adheres strongly to glass
      surfaces. Treating glass with 5% (v/v) dichlorodimethylsilane in toluene causes a
      significant reduction in the adhesion of the colloid.

PMID- 4043122
TI  - Cerebral gigantism (Sotos syndrome). Compiled data of 22 cases. Analysis of
      clinical features, growth and plasma somatomedin.
AB  - An in depth study on growth, bone age, cranial CT scans and plasma somatomedin
      activity (SM-act) was made of 22 children with Sotos syndrome. In addition to the
      known characteristics of the syndrome, thin and brittle nails were found in three
      adolescent patients. The mean body stature, expressed as standard deviation
      score, increased from 2.2-2.8 in the 1st year of life, followed by a fall to 2.0
      in the 2nd year. Thereafter the SDS increased slowly to values of 3.0 at 10 years
      of age. At least two subjects have reached an exceptionally tall final stature.
      After the age of 2 years, delta SDS/year remained very stable (-0.1-0.2),
      concurring with growth velocities in the upper normal range. Bone age was
      advanced in all patients. Cranial CT scans showed ventricular widening, mid-line
      cava and Sylvian anomalies in nine, six, and three patients respectively. SM-act
      dropped from high or normal values in the 1st year, to below normal from 1-5
      years, and returned thereafter to the lower half of normal or below the normal
      range.

PMID- 4043123
TI  - Growth in Cushing syndrome.
AB  - Pre- and post-operative growth was analysed in eight children with Cushing
      syndrome. Six children had Cushing's disease; three of them were treated by
      bilateral adrenalectomy and three by transphenoidal pituitary adenectomy. One
      child had an adrenocortical adenoma and another primary adrenocortical nodular
      dysplasia. The typical cushingoid habitus was not always present during
      hypercortisolism. In contrast, abnormal deceleration of longitudinal growth and
      increase in relative weight were constant. The slowing of growth started 0.2-5.1
      years before diagnosis. In four children these changes concurred. In three others
      the excessive weight gain preceded the slowing of growth, by 2.5-7.0 years. In
      one patient the deceleration appeared first; this was a girl with concomitant
      coeliac disease. This pattern of growth change occurring before (normal slowing
      of growth in) late puberty should raise the possibility of hypercortisolism.
      There was a suggestion of a better growth recovery in Cushing disease after
      pituitary adenectomy than after bilateral adrenalectomy.

PMID- 4043124
TI  - Epilepsy and associated handicaps in a 1 year birth cohort in northern Finland.
AB  - A 1 year birth cohort in the provinces of Oulu and Lapland in the Northern part
      of Finland consisted of 12058 live-born infants, this being 96% of all children
      born in 1966 in this area. Information on morbidity up to the age of 14 years was
      collected prospectively by means of questionnaires, special examinations and from
      national and regional registers of hospital admissions and social services
      contacts. The total number of children with epilepsy, defined as the occurrence
      of at least one afebrile epileptic seizure, was 208, 113 boys and 95 girls. The
      cumulative incidences for epilepsy up to the age of 14 years was 17.3 per 1000.
      Primary generalised epilepsy was present in 63% and partial seizures in 37%. At
      least one additional handicapping condition, such as cerebral palsy, mental
      retardation, and visual or auditory defect was present in 74 children (35.5%).
      Mental retardation was the most frequent additional handicap, being present in
      28%, whereas 16% of the children had cerebral palsy. A total of 75% of the
      children were able to attend an ordinary school. The high frequency of epilepsy
      in this study, as compared to other studies, is explained by the cumulative
      registration of the cases and a high degree of ascertainment of cases with
      epilepsy.

PMID- 4043125
TI  - Serum zinc and copper levels in children with meningococcal disease.
AB  - Mean serum zinc and copper levels were depressed in 94 children aged 1 month to 9
      years who presented with meningococcal disease. The mean serum zinc level was 44
      micrograms/dl (reference value 78 micrograms/dl, SD 18) and the mean serum copper
      level 157 micrograms/dl (reference value 159 micrograms/dl, SD 27). Nineteen
      patients had serum zinc levels less than 25 micrograms/dl and ten patients had
      serum copper levels less than 101 micrograms/dl. Serum zinc levels were
      significantly lower in patients who were septicaemic or in whom manifestations of
      severe disease such as shock, more than 20 petechiae, ecchymoses and evidence of
      disseminated intravascular coagulation occurred compared to those without these
      features. Serum copper concentrations were higher than reference levels in
      patients with meningitis and in less severely ill patients. Copper levels were
      significantly lower in patients with septicaemia, severe disease, shock, more
      than 20 petechiae, ecchymoses, disseminated intravascular coagulation, leucopenia
      and patients who died compared with patients without these features.

PMID- 4043126
TI  - Arrhythmia or myocarditis: a novel clinical form of Legionella pneumophila
      infection in children without pneumonia.
AB  - The possibility that L. pneumophila causes cardiac disorders without respiratory
      or pulmonary symptoms in childhood was investigated. Out of 20 children with
      cardiac troubles of unknown aetiology, three showed a four-fold antibody increase
      or fall in titre against L. pneumophila antigens by the IFA test. Two children,
      aged 7 months and 2.5 years, had self-limiting arrhythmia and a third, 10-year
      old, was suffering from a severe myocarditis. There was no serologic evidence of
      concurrent infection by respiratory or coxsackie B viruses nor by M. pneumoniae.
      It is suggested that Legionella infection should be considered in cardiac
      diseases in childhood, even if pneumonia is lacking.

PMID- 4043127
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccination and immune response in children with malignant diseases.
AB  - Fifty children with malignant diseases were vaccinated against hepatitis B.
      Twenty-nine children suffered from leukaemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; 14 of
      these were on intensive chemotherapy (group I) and 15 were without intensive
      therapy (group II). The other 21 children had various forms of solid tumours, 14
      of them were on intensive therapy (group III) and 7 were without intensive
      therapy (group IV). To evaluate the immune response, we determined antibody
      titres over a period of more than 14 weeks after the first vaccination. As 22 out
      of 50 patients had received passive immunisation together with either the first
      or the first and second vaccination, antibody titres at the 14th and 18th week
      (i.e. more than 10 weeks after passive immunisation) were used to evaluate the
      vaccination results. An antibody titre of greater than or equal to 10 mIU/ml was
      considered to be a positive response. All patients of group IV, but only 4 out of
      14 in group III, 4 out of 15 in group II, and 0 out of 14 in group I produced
      antibody titres higher than 50 mIU/ml. In contrast to the full response in group
      IV, two-thirds of all other patients had no immune response (less than 10
      mIU/ml). Based on our experience we recommend vaccinating patients suffering from
      solid tumours and receiving no intensive therapy (group IV) against hepatitis B
      and protecting all the other children with malignant diseases by passive
      immunisation, if necessary.

PMID- 4043128
TI  - Biphasic (early and late) asthmatic responses to exercise in children with severe
      asthma, resident at high altitude.
AB  - Twenty-three children with severe asthma who had been resident at high altitude
      for at least 3 months, considerably reduced their requirement for regular anti
      asthma therapy. On a standard exercise challenge in low humidity, ten had no
      response, seven had isolated immediate bronchospasm and six had biphasic
      responses with immediate bronchospasm followed 4-10 h later by a late reaction
      sustained for at least 2 h. The existence of biphasic responses after exercise,
      similar to those observed after antigen challenge, supports the concept of mast
      cell involvement in exercise-induced asthma.

PMID- 4043129
TI  - Serum immunoreactive trypsin and pancreatic lipase in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Serum immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) and pancreatic lipase have been measured in 59
      patients with cystic fibrosis (age 1 month-27 years). Follow-up values were
      obtained from 49 patients. Their serum enzyme levels were compared to those of
      120 healthy children of all age groups. Faecal fat excretion was determined in
      selected patients (n = 23) to elucidate the relationship between serum enzyme
      levels and pancreatic exocrine function. In cystic fibrosis IRT and lipase showed
      a very similar age-correlated pattern: in infancy levels were markedly elevated.
      During the following years the concentrations of both enzymes decreased rapidly
      and were found to be far below the normal range after the 10th year of life.
      Elevated enzyme levels in infancy as well as low levels in all age groups
      coincided with steatorrhea. Older patients (11-27 years) without severe
      pancreatic insufficiency however, had IRT and lipase levels in or above the
      normal range. In healthy children there was no age dependency of IRT levels,
      whereas in the first 12 months of life lipase levels were significantly lower
      than in later childhood.

PMID- 4043130
TI  - Inter-laboratory quality control in neonatal screening for inborn errors of
      metabolism.
AB  - Screening of neonates for inborn errors of metabolism has been carried out on a
      national level since 1969 in the Federal Republic of Germany. To raise the
      reliability of these routine investigations, we introduced an external quality
      control in March 1982. Every 2 months ten filter paper samples were sent to the
      screening centres in West Germany. Some of these samples have a normal and others
      a slightly raised content of phenylalanine, leucine, methionine and galactose.
      The success of this external quality control is appraised on the basis of the
      number of false negative results. In the course of time, screening centres in
      France, Israel, Italy, Japan, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey and Yugoslavia have
      also participated in these inter-laboratory quality controls.

PMID- 4043131
TI  - Homozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia and phenylketonuria.
AB  - Two patients, aged 0.1 and 2 years, with homozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia, one
      with PKU in addition are described. The clinical evaluation showed no neurologic
      abnormalities. Treatment with a fat-reduced, protein and carbohydrate-enriched
      diet was combined with vitamin A and E supplementation, according to the
      suggestions for classical abetalipoproteinaemia. In the patient with PKU the
      protein intake was increased by using a phenylalanine-free, amino acid mixture.
      Only by this, were normal growth and weight gain achieved.

PMID- 4043132
TI  - Development of the intestinal flora in very low birth weight infants compared to
      normal full-term newborns.
AB  - Development of faecal flora was studied in seven very low birth weight (VLBW)
      infants, who were fed on human milk and whose birth weights ranged from 810-1350
      g. The intestine of the VLBW infants was first colonised by enterobacteria and
      streptococci, as it was in full-term infants. VLBW infants differed, however,
      from full-term infants in that both types of organism continued to be predominant
      for a longer period, and establishment of bifidobacterial flora was retarded.
      Bifidobacteria first appeared in the stools of VLBW infants at a mean age of 10.6
      +/- 2.7 days and became predominant at a mean of 19.8 +/- 8.9 days, in contrast
      to full-term, breast-fed infants in whom bifidobacterial flora appeared at as
      early as 4 days of age. The delay seemed to be related to the low milk intake of
      the VLBW infants. The number of viable staphylococci in the stools of VLBW
      infants was generally higher than that in full-term infants. Although emergence
      of Bacteroides, Clostridium and lactobacilli was delayed compared with full-term
      infants, differences in their occurrence and prevalence between VLBW and full
      term infants were not remarkable.

PMID- 4043133
TI  - Anticoagulant therapy by continuous heparin-antithrombin III infusion in newborns
      with disseminated intravascular coagulation.
AB  - In ten newborns with severe alteration of the coagulation system due to DIC, AT
      III concentrate was infused continuously after prior activation with heparin. The
      rise in AT III activity showed a great variability among the infants and for one
      child during the course of the therapy. The mean rise of AT III activity by 40
      U/kg per day heparin was 8.7%. If AT III concentrate (40 U/kg per day) was
      activated with 200 U/kg per day heparin, excessive anticoagulation effect was
      only observed in one child. In four children who had failed to respond to prior
      heparin therapy, improvement of the coagulation status was achieved within 2
      days.

PMID- 4043135
TI  - Capillary sampling as an alternative to venous sampling for blood culture in
      neonates.

PMID- 4043134
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnoea probably related to a foreign body.
AB  - A 2-year-old child was admitted because of sudden onset of symptoms compatible
      with obstructive sleep apnoea. Physical examination revealed slightly
      hypertrophic tonsils. A polygraphic study showed 150 apnoeic episodes of
      obstructive type during 8 h night sleep. A foreign body consisting of a piece of
      a celophane candy wrapper was found by surgery. Removal of the foreign body, the
      adenoids and tonsils resulted in a complete recovery. A second polygraphic study
      performed 4 months after surgery gave entirely normal results. A foreign body
      should be considered in the aetiology of obstructive sleep apnoea of sudden onset
      in children.

PMID- 4043136
TI  - Aplastic anaemia induced by intravenous phenytoin and lidocaine administration.

PMID- 4043137
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4043138
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of tyrosinaemia type I by use of stable isotope dilution mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 4043139
TI  - Diazepam: kinetic profiles in various brain areas, plasma and erythrocytes after
      chronic administration in the rat.
AB  - The regional distribution of diazepam (DZP) was established in eleven discrete
      brain areas in the rat after i.m. chronic treatment (15 days; 5 mg/kg/day). In
      addition, the kinetic profiles of this drug were investigated in plasma,
      eryhtrocytes, and three CNS regions (nucleus caudatus, hippocampus, and
      cerebellum) upon which the pharmacokinetic study was focused. The modifications
      occuring in plasma-protein binding and erythrocytes binding were reported. In the
      CNS, the DZP was rapidly distributed; its concentrations and its kinetic profiles
      were not uniform in the different brain areas studied. The highest amount of DZP
      was noted in the hypothalamus, while nucleus caudatus and colliculi also
      presented important DZP levels. Concerning the kinetic parameters after chronic
      administration, an increase in the elimination half-life time value in central
      and peripheral compartments, as compared to values reported after acute
      administration, was observed. The study of cerebral DZP levels as compared with
      those in the erythrocytes or in plasma suggests a linear correlation in the three
      CNS areas investigated. These experimental results demonstrate the interest of
      such studies for psychotropic drug monitoring.

PMID- 4043140
TI  - A further study of the pharmacokinetics of gitoxin in rabbit isolated liver:
      clearance of 3H-gitoxin.
AB  - Hepatic clearance of 3H-gitoxin was studied in the rabbit using an isolated
      perfused liver technique with an emulsion of a perfluorocarbon. The liposoluble
      material in the perfusion medium was extracted with dichloromethane, and gitoxin
      was assayed in the extract by high performance liquid chromatography.
      Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated for the liposoluble (dichloromethane
      soluble) material in the water phase obtained by centrifugation of the emulsion,
      for the liposoluble material and unchanged gitoxin in the total emulsion.
      Distribution and elimination half-lives of the liposoluble fraction in the water
      phase, were estimated to be 0.47 and 4.80 hours respectively, Vd to be 148 ml.g-1
      and intrinsic clearance to be 1.16 ml.min-1.g-1; these parameters were compared
      with those of a previous study with unlabelled gitoxin. Distribution and
      elimination half-lives of the liposoluble compounds in the emulsion were
      estimated to be 0.48 and 4.62 hours, Vd to be 47 ml.g-1 and intrinsic clearance
      to be 1.07 ml.min-1.g-1; these data were compared with those of the liposoluble
      compounds in the water phase. Distribution and elimination half-lives of
      unchanged gitoxin in the emulsion were estimated to be 0.22 and 0.70 hour, Vd to
      be 59 ml.g-1 and intrinsic clearance to be 11.4 ml.min-1.g-1; these data were
      compared with those of the liposoluble compounds in the emulsion. The subcellular
      distribution of gitoxin and its metabolites in the liver indicated that 79% of
      the radioactivity was found in the soluble fraction, no significant binding
      occurring in the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions.

PMID- 4043141
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of dipyrone in man; role of the administration route.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of dipyrone, an aminopyrine derivative and potent analgesic,
      were studied in human following cross-over oral (p.o.) and intravenous (i.v.)
      administration of single one g doses to 6 subjects. High-performance liquid
      chromatographic (HPLC) methods were used to follow the drug and its active
      metabolite, 4-monomethylaminoantipyrine (MAA) in plasma and urine of subjects.
      Following p.o. doses, no unchanged dipyrone was detectable in plasma and urine.
      MAA appeared in plasma no later than 0.5 h after oral doses and reached its
      maximum concentration (7.52-22.69 micrograms/ml) in 1-2 h. Pharmacokinetic
      characteristics of MAA indicated a two and a one-compartment open model after
      i.v. and p.o. administration, respectively. Elimination half-life of MAA was
      found to be independent of the route of administration and ranged from 1.60 to
      3.67 h. Although no significant difference was noticed between the area under
      plasma MAA concentration-time curves, 2.2-7.5 folds higher MAA was found
      unchanged in urine following i.v. administration (34.41-158.38 mg) as compared to
      the oral route (9.56-43.92 mg). It is suggested that after oral administration,
      dipyrone is rapidly and to a great extent converted to MAA during the first pass
      through the gut and/or liver before reaching the systemic circulations. Following
      i.v. administration, on the other hand, a relatively slower process of dipyrone
      conversion may allow a significant renal excretion of dipyrone which, in turn, is
      converted to MAA in the kidney and/or urine thereby giving rise to a
      significantly higher MAA in urine.

PMID- 4043143
TI  - Disposition and pharmacokinetics of cadralazine and individual metabolites in
      man.
AB  - The absorption, biotransformation and elimination of the antihypertensive drug
      cadralazine, 2-(3-[6-(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylamino]pyridazinyl)-ethylcarbazate ,
      have been studied in two healthy male volunteers, following single 20 mg oral
      doses of the 14C-labelled preparation. Absorption was rapid and complete. In
      plasma total 14C-compounds reached maximum levels of 395 and 312 ng/g after 0.5
      and 1.5 h in subject A and B, respectively. The levels rapidly declined to 3 and
      6 ng/g after 24 h. Unchanged cadralazine constituted the major fraction, 72%, of
      the integrated plasma concentration (AUC, 0-24 h) of total radioactivity. As
      determined by an isotope dilution technique, about 1% of the AUC of plasma-14C
      was attributable to a pharmacologically active hydrazino-metabolite (IV) formed
      by decarbethoxylation and 2% to the acetylation product of the latter (V).
      Excretion of the radioactivity occured predominantly by the kidneys, 91 and 94%
      within 0-24 h in subject A and B. After 96 h 94 and 99% of the dose were found in
      the excreta. In the 0-48 h urine 73% of total 14C consisted of unchanged drug.
      The hydrazino-metabolite (IV) accounted for about 2% of urinary radioactivity,
      and two secondary products of the same pathway (II, V) for another 2%. Products
      of N-dealkylation (VI, VII) and C-oxidation (VIII) constituted together another
      5%.

PMID- 4043142
TI  - Bioavailability and elimination kinetics of the combination furosemide
      retard/triamterene.
AB  - In a pharmacokinetic study on 18 healthy male volunteers the bioavailability and
      elimination kinetics of furosemide-retard and the combination furosemide
      retard/triamterene were investigated and compared with the non-retarded form and
      another retard form of furosemide. The relative bioavailability of the non
      retarded form of furosemide was distinctly reduced by the retardation in the
      substances investigated. It varied between 42-66% in the plasma and between 37
      73% in the urine. In the combination with triamterene the serum concentration
      time curve of furosemide was only slightly modified but the renal excretion of
      furosemide was more influenced (36% for furosemide-retard and 25% for furosemide
      retard/triamterene). In comparison, the values for the renal excretion of
      triamterene and OH-TA sulfate were distinctly greater than those obtained after
      administration of triamterene alone. A renewed increase of the plasma
      concentration and renal excretion of furosemide were observed between 9 and 10.5
      h after administration of furosemide-retard/triamterene. This observation
      suggests that a further absorption of furosemide occurs as a consequence of the
      delayed release from distal parts of the small intestine or from the large
      intestine.

PMID- 4043144
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of tomoxiprole, a new analgesic antiinflammatory
      agent, in the rat.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and the metabolic profile of tomoxiprole, a new analgesic
      antiinflammatory agent belonging to the class of 3-alkyl-2-aryl-3H-naphth (1,2
      d)imidazoles, were studied in the rat. After oral administration (5 mg/kg) to
      male rats, tomoxiprole was rapidly absorbed, mostly by the gut, and reached
      maximum plasma levels of about 0.5 microgram/ml in 0.25-2 h. A metabolic first
      pass reduced the extent of oral bioavailability of the parent compound to about
      half, while absorption (total 14C data) was estimated to be complete. After
      intravenous injection (2.5 mg/kg), the plasma kinetics of tomoxiprole in male
      rats showed a bi-exponential profile, and the terminal elimination half-life was
      4.2 h. The apparent volume of distribution was high, suggesting a wide
      distribution of the drug. Increasing the oral dose by ten times (50 mg/kg),
      resulted in linear kinetics with a proportional increase of the C max and AUC
      values and the same value of terminal elimination half-life. In females given a 5
      mg/kg dose, the plasma levels of 14C, tomoxiprole and AUC values were somewhat
      higher than in males. The plasma levels of total 14C after iv or po treatments
      were higher and more sustained than those of tomoxiprole. The kinetic profile
      after iv administration was described by a three exponential terms equation and
      the terminal elimination half-life was 38.7 h. Upon iv administration, total 14C
      was rapidly distributed in highly vascularized tissues while in others, like the
      bone, fat, gonads, pancreas and skin the equilibrium with the central compartment
      was attained later. Target organs were the adrenals, liver, lungs, pancreas,
      thyroid, stomach and above all the fat tissue. Elimination from tissues was
      almost complete 48 h after the treatment. 14C was eliminated mainly in the feces
      (80% of dose) as metabolites. In the bile, five polar metabolites were detected;
      one of them, desmethyl tomoxiprole glucuronide, accounting alone for more than
      80% of the total biliary radioactivity; was purified and its structure assigned.

PMID- 4043145
TI  - Absorption, tissue distribution, and excretion of 3H-labeled arbaprostil in the
      male rat.
AB  - A single dose of arbaprostil-11 beta-3H (4 micrograms/kg) was administered orally
      to male rats. A maximum plasma radioactivity concentration equivalent to 2.5 to
      2.8 nanograms of the prostaglandin per ml was reached at 30 minutes and was
      maintained until 120 minutes after drug administration. The plasma drug
      disappearance half-life was 2.6 hours. These results along with data from tissue
      distribution studies suggested a rapid uptake of radiolabeled arbaprostil by the
      glandular stomach tissue followed by an apparent zero-order release of drug
      related radioactivity from this tissue "reservoir" into the plasma. Drug-related
      radioactivity was excreted rapidly, with 96 to 99% of the urinary excretion and
      82 to 97% of the fecal excretion being completed within 24 hours. A total of 49.6
      +/- 3.5% of the orally administered dose was excreted in the urine and 46.7 +/-
      3.9% in the feces. No radioactive residues were detected in the animals at the
      end of the 120 hour specimen collection period. The metabolic stability of the 11
      beta-tritium label and the suitability of arbaprostil-3H for use in human studies
      was demonstrated.

PMID- 4043146
TI  - Progressive dementia with motor neuron disease. An additional case report and
      neuropathological review of 20 cases in Japan.
AB  - A 68-year-old male had the characteristic clinical features of progressive
      dementia accompanied by motor neuron disease. The duration of his illness was 26
      months. The chief findings from light microscopic studies were: diffue neuronal
      degeneration characterized by a simple atrophy and a mild disappearance of nerve
      cells throughout the CNS. Status spongiosus was observed in the basal ganglia.
      There were lesions similar to those of a motor neuron disease in the brain stem
      and spinal cord. Although there were no clinical symptoms of an extrapyramidal
      disease, severe involvement was seen in the substantia nigra. This patient
      belongs to the same group of cases of presenile dementia with motor neuron
      disease described by the author. A neuropathological review of 20 similar cases
      reported in Japan is discussed and the possibility of a new disease entity for
      these cases is suggested.

PMID- 4043147
TI  - Childhood experiences of endogenous and neurotic depressives.
AB  - The parent-child relationship, the relationship between the parents, and the
      contact of the child with the outside world was investigated on the basis of
      retrospective interview data concerning the childhood of endogenous and neurotic
      depressives and a nonclinical control group. A number of significant links
      between childhood experiences and the various forms of depression emerges.

PMID- 4043148
TI  - Does outpatient treatment reduce hospital stay in schizophrenics?
AB  - The implementation of community mental health care for psychiatric patients in
      Mannheim, an industrial city of approximately 300,000 inhabitants, poses
      questions concerning the impact of outpatient treatment on the probability of
      rehospitalization. For this purpose the use of extramural facilities by a group
      of 148 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia was studied over a period of 18
      months. Based on a model of utilization that allows for the removal of
      confounding effects the statistical analysis reveals that outpatient contacts
      with psychiatrists in practice or with an outpatient clinic indeed reduces time
      in hospital and also improves the psychopathological status of the patients.

PMID- 4043149
TI  - Neuropsychological and neuroendocrinological disturbances associated with
      extracerebral cysts of the anterior and middle cranial fossa.
AB  - In ten adult patients various clinical signs and symptoms led to the diagnosis of
      an arachnoid cyst in the anterior and middle cranial fossa. In this study a
      functional relationship between these cysts and disturbances of higher cognitive
      processes is described. In addition, neuroendocrinological impairment were caused
      by arachnoid cysts reaching into the suprasellar cistern. Considering the short
      medical history of our patients we presumed the disturbances not to be primary,
      but rather secondary, caused by an expansion of the cysts' volume.

PMID- 4043150
TI  - AMP-rated psychopathology in chronic alcoholics.
AB  - In a group of 39 alcoholics within a withdrawal process, the psychical situation
      was rated using AMP scales (Angst et al. 1969). Cluster analysis of the items
      rendered the following five-cluster solution: (1) "aggressive-depressive"
      patients, (2) "less impaired" persons, (3) "slowed persons with diminished
      contact", (4) "emotionally inadequate" persons, (5) "appealing depressive"
      persons. These results are discussed with respect to other data from clinical
      history and diagnostic findings.

PMID- 4043151
TI  - Phantom phenomena (phantom arm) following cervical root avulsion. Effect of
      dorsal root entry zone thermocoagulation.
AB  - We report on nine male patients with cervical root avulsions and brachial plexus
      injuries following traffic accidents. These non-amputees (mean age 33.7 years)
      had a phantom arm beside the paralysed arm. Cervical root avulsions were
      demonstrated either by myelography or surgically. Mostly the roots C5-Th1 were
      affected. Eight of the nine patients had Horner's syndrome on the side of the
      root avulsion. The phantom arm appeared immediately after the accident, except in
      one patient who was symptom-free for 2 weeks. In two cases the phantom arm
      disappeared spontaneously. Four patients underwent a DREZ lesion. After surgery
      the phantom arm disappeared, and three of the patients became painfree, while one
      patient experienced pain relief of 20% to 50%. Reviewing the literature it is
      assumed that phantom limb following injury to the brachial plexus indicates
      cervical root avulsion. In such cases Horner's syndrome is a good indication for
      lower cervical root avulsion (C8-Th2).

PMID- 4043152
TI  - Electron microscopic assessment of bile regurgitation of humans in extrahepatic
      obstructive jaundice.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients were studied on the anatomic routes of bile regurgitation
      into the blood stream by electron microscopy. The aim was to identify the
      relationship between the clinical results and pathway of bile regurgitation.
      These patients were classified into 3 groups; recovered, delayed, and fatal.
      Transcellular, paracellular, direct communication, necrotic hepatocyte and
      ruptured ductule pathway were found. In the recovered group, the transcellular
      pathway was most frequent with an incidence of 54.17%, and a direct communication
      pathway was found to be 54.55% in the fatal group with a significant difference
      between that of the recovered and delayed group. Long-duration bile duct
      obstruction creates bile regurgitation by way of direct communication between the
      canaliculi and Disse's space, and usually with a poor prognosis, since the serum
      bilirubin reached the high level of 22.65 mg%. Therefore, it is better to relieve
      the intrabiliary pressure as early as possible to prevent the jaundice from
      producing the irreversible change of hepatic canaliculi and Disse's space.

PMID- 4043153
TI  - Monocyte function following surgery in man. Increased numbers and stimulation of
      migration, phagocytosis and chemiluminescence following abdominal surgery.
AB  - The whole blood monocyte count (WBMC), migratory response (MMR), phagocytosis
      (MPI), chemiluminescence (MCL) and serum opsonic activity (SOA) were measured in
      patients undergoing elective surgery. The WBMC, MMR, MPI and MCL increased
      significantly at 24 h after operation in patients undergoing abdominal surgery
      with a moderate fall at 48 h and a return to normal values at 1 week; the SOA was
      little altered. In patients undergoing minor surgery the WBMC was also increased
      after surgery but the MMR was unchanged. The finding that certain monocyte
      functions are increased after surgery contrasts with studies showing that
      reticulo-endothelial clearance is depressed in the post-operative period.

PMID- 4043154
TI  - Peroperative myocardial ischemia and citrate administration: cardiovascular
      adaptability in conscious dogs.
AB  - Since the hemodynamic response elicited by the administration of citrate is
      sensitive to alterations in the baseline cardiovascular status, we have
      investigated the consequences of peroperative myocardial ischemia upon this
      hemodynamic response. 19 dogs equipped with an electromagnetic flow probe
      positioned around the ascending aorta served as control (group I). 16 dogs were
      equipped similarly and in addition submitted to 1 h of myocardial ischemia
      combined with topical cardiac hypothermia (group II). Hemodynamic studies were
      carried out 3 h postoperatively and then daily for 1 month, before and during
      rapid intravenous administration of citrate. From baseline hemodynamic data,
      cardiac failure was only evident 3 h postoperatively in group II. Transient
      hypotension and myocardial depression resulted from administration of citrate in
      both groups with no evidence of peripheral vasodilation. Hypotension and the
      negative inotropic response were more pronounced in the presence of cardiac
      failure following peroperative myocardial ischemia. Long-term studies indicate
      that global myocardial ischemia did not interfere with the cardiovascular
      adaptability to this pharmacologic interference.

PMID- 4043155
TI  - Prevention of edema formation in the perfused lung preparation by oxygen radical
      scavengers.
AB  - Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated as mediators of pulmonary
      microvascular injury. In the present study we addressed the question of the role
      of radicals formed in the lung parenchyma in development of pulmonary edema. Rat
      lungs were perfused with cell-free solutions with and without addition of
      colloid. Edema formation was measured as dry-wet weight ratios. Edema developed
      following 30 min perfusion with all perfusates except nonoxygenated Dextran
      Tyrode. Addition of free radical scavengers, superoxide dismutase and catalase,
      reduced the edema formation with the various oxygenated perfusates. We conclude
      that in the isolated lung perfused with oxygenated solutions oxygen-derived
      radicals are formed that mediate increased permeability.

PMID- 4043156
TI  - Increased bleeding during liver resection after sympathetic block in normal rats.
AB  - The effect of sympathetic block on hemostasis after standardized liver resection
      was studied in the rat. Sympathetic block was undertaken by paravertebral block
      or surgical sympathectomy. Blood loss was significantly increased, but the
      bleeding time was not prolonged after paravertebral block. Surgical sympathectomy
      also increased blood loss as compared to controls, but there was no difference
      when compared with sham operation. Adenosine diphosphate and collagen induced
      platelet aggregation was not inhibited in all animals as compared to controls.
      The results indicate that primary hemostasis was not seriously affected, but that
      hepatic blood flow was augmented after sympathetic block.

PMID- 4043157
TI  - Circulatory and renal effects of triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin and excision in
      experimental burns.
AB  - The circulatory and renal effects of a deep dermal burn, covering one third of
      the total body surface area were studied in 12 thiopentone/N2O anesthetized
      piglets. Central circulation and renal function was monitored during 24 h and
      regional blood flows were determined before burn, 5 and 24 h after burn using
      radioactively labeled microspheres. One group was treated conservatively with
      fluid infusion only (control group) and the other with fluids, intermittent
      injections of a long-acting hormonogen, triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin (TGLVP), and
      excision 5 h after burn. There was earlier circulatory recovery in the TGLVP
      excision group with significantly higher arterial blood pressure and cardiac
      output than in the controls. TGLVP induced a major redistribution of blood flows,
      favoring the liver at the expense of the gastrointestinal tract, carcass and
      skin, while the blood flows were unchanged to the brain, heart and kidneys. There
      were also increased excretions of sodium and potassium and a temporarily
      increased diuresis. The earlier circulatory stabilization and blood flow
      redistribution might have clinical implications in burn care.

PMID- 4043158
TI  - Urokinase does not prevent abdominal adhesion formation in rats.
AB  - Damage to the fibrinolytic system preventing the resolution of temporary
      fibrinous adhesions was repeatedly mentioned as an etiological factor in the
      process of adhesion formation. We experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in
      rats by gentle scraping of the entire small bowel. Severe adhesions, sometimes
      accompanied by intestinal obstruction, developed in all of the control animals.
      Urokinase, a commonly used and potent fibrinolytic agent and a known plasminogen
      activator, was administered intragastrically, intraperitoneally, or intravenously
      at various doses ranging from 5,000 to 100,000 U/kg. Urokinase had no effect on
      the prevention of abdominal adhesions, nor did it reduce the severity or
      frequency of adhesion formation.

PMID- 4043159
TI  - Intra-arterial chemotherapy of infiltrative bladder carcinoma.
AB  - Twenty patients with untreated invasive high stage or high grade transitional
      cell carcinoma of the bladder have been treated by bilateral intra-arterial
      hypogastric injection of adriamycin. A total of 160 mg of adriamycin were
      injected during the procedure which was repeated once 3-4 weeks later. Eleven
      patients received two full courses of chemotherapy. In 4 patients, complete
      response with disappearance of all tumoral lesions was observed and in 1 patient,
      partial tumor regression was apparent. One patient died from pulmonary disease.
      Five patients received only a partial treatment because of technical
      difficulties, and selective catheterization was impossible in 4 because of severe
      arteriosclerotic lesions. No response was seen in those cases. Although this new
      therapeutic modality remains to be fully evaluated, preliminary results appear
      most encouraging since intra-arterial chemotherapy can be used safely and is
      effective in patients with invasive bladder carcinoma.

PMID- 4043160
TI  - Anatomical study of total cystoprostatectomy.
AB  - The authors describe an anatomical study of total cystoprostatectomy. They show
      that Denonvilliers' fascia is made up of many membranous layers starting at the
      bladder. They recall the fact that the preprostatic veins are attached at the
      bottom, not only to the venae dorsales penis, but also to the venae pudendae
      internae which runs under the levator ani muscle. These preprostatic veins lie
      inside a vessel-bearing blade of tissue made of muscular and collagenous tissue
      derived from the anterior vesical wall. This anatomical study recalls the fact
      that the interprostatorectal dissection line is behind Denonvilliers' fascia and
      that the preprostatic vein dissection line is on the anterior aspect of the
      membranous urethra.

PMID- 4043161
TI  - Natural history of renal artery aneurysm elucidated by repeated angiography and
      pathoanatomical studies.
AB  - The findings from repeated angiographies in 16 female and 5 male patients with
      altogether 34 renal artery aneurysms were studied. The mean interval between the
      first and last angiography was 35 months. Seven patients had multiple aneurysms.
      Two to four angiographies were performed in each patient. They showed no change
      in 28 aneurysms and slight or minimal enlargement, thrombosis or calcification in
      the other 6. The clinical course was uneventful except for severe hypertension in
      3 patients. No rupture occurred. Eight patients, of whom 5 had solitary, saccular
      aneurysms, were operated upon. Pathoanatomically, fibromuscular dysplasia or
      secondarily changed fibromuscular dysplasia was found in 7 of them. Four died of
      unrelated disease having been followed up for 55-204 months (mean 102 months).
      Nine were alive and symptomless at the end of follow-up 11-195 months (mean 97
      months) after the first angiography. The study supports the view that the risk of
      rupture of a renal artery aneurysm is very small, and indicates that
      fibromuscular dysplasia is common even when the angiography shows solitary,
      saccular aneurysm only.

PMID- 4043162
TI  - Rupture of renal artery aneurysm.
AB  - Rupture of a renal artery aneurysm, although rare, has been considered to be the
      most catastrophic urological injury. Three cases of ruptured and 1 case of
      impending rupture are reported. A review of the cases of ruptured renal artery
      aneurysm is presented together with emphasis on improved prognosis of this
      morbidity. Surgical indications are discussed.

PMID- 4043163
TI  - Renal pelvis reconstruction with a free peritoneal patch.
AB  - The authors report on the use of a patch of peritoneum in the reconstruction of
      the renal pelvis. Four successful cases are reported. This leads to the use of
      such a technique in the reconstruction of the pelvis whenever repair by simple
      apposition of the margins is impossible.

PMID- 4043164
TI  - Association of N-acetyltransferase polymorphism and environmental factors with
      bladder carcinogenesis. Study in a north German population.
AB  - The N-acetyltransferase phenotype was determined in 105 German patients with
      bladder carcinoma and in a control group of 42 healthy subjects. The slow
      phenotype was significantly more frequent among the patients (61.9% compared to
      42.9% in the control group). Potential risk factors like occupational exposure,
      smoking habits, drug abuse and urological anamnestic predispositions were
      evaluated in relation to staging and grading of the disease, and acetylator
      phenotype.

PMID- 4043165
TI  - Residual stump metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - A rare case of ureteral stump metastasis 8 years after nephrectomy for renal cell
      carcinoma is reported. Twenty-six such cases are reviewed and the etiology of
      such lesions is discussed. Nephroureterectomy for renal cell carcinoma may be
      indicated when the risk of urogenous implantation and/or hematogenous spread is
      present.

PMID- 4043166
TI  - Benign genital mesothelioma. Two case reports.
AB  - 2 cases of mesothelioma in the male genital system are reported: one
      paratesticular, the other in the tail of the epididymis, followed up for 16
      months and 4 years, respectively. Clinical, anatomical and pathological findings
      are discussed.

PMID- 4043167
TI  - A new urine bag--'Urobag'.

PMID- 4043168
TI  - Human tumour pH and its variation.
AB  - The variation in human tumour pH values is large. The aim of this study was to
      analyse the reasons for these large variations and to determine whether tumour pH
      can be predicted on the basis of any easily measured parameter. One hundred and
      five determinations of tumour pH were performed in various human tumours, using
      the Philips C 902S tissue pH electrode. No correlations were found between the
      tumour pH and the tumour histology, degree of differentiation, tumour size,
      patient age or treatment history, and whether or not the tumour was ulcerated.
      However, tumour pH was significantly lower in primary tumours than in lymph node
      metastases. Tumours at their primary site (primary, recurrent or residual) were
      also more acid than distant metastases. The vascular disruption caused by the
      measuring technique was found to be acceptable.

PMID- 4043169
TI  - A pilot study of high-dose domperidone as an antiemetic in patients treated with
      cisplatin.
AB  - A dose-finding multicenter study was undertaken to evaluate the antiemetic
      efficacy of domperidone, an antidopaminergic drug, which has been proposed as a
      suitable alternative to high-dose metoclopramide in the control of cisplatin
      induced nausea and vomiting. Forty-five patients were treated with different
      increasing high doses of domperidone (30, 60, 120 or 150 mg) administered by i.v.
      infusion over 20 min every 2 hr for a total of four doses for each patient,
      starting 30 min before chemotherapy. The number of episodes of emesis, the
      duration of nausea and vomiting and side-effects were recorded. Results do not
      suggest any specific difference in protective effect between the regimens tested.
      Moreover, occurrence of serious side-effects indicated that the safety of high
      dose domperidone is doubtful.

PMID- 4043170
TI  - cis-Platinum and vindesine in combination in the treatment of non-small cell lung
      cancer.
AB  - Sixty-three patients with advanced non-small cell carcinoma of the bronchus were
      treated with a combination of cis-platinum and vindesine. All patients had
      measurable disease and were of good performance status; none had received prior
      chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Thirty-three per cent of patients responded, with
      five patients achieving complete remission. Median duration of response was 4
      months, with a median survival of 14 months in the responsers, compared with 6.5
      months in the whole group and 4.8 months in the nonresponders. Severe toxicity
      was encountered, with alopecia, gastrointestinal toxicity and neurotoxicity
      common. Myelosuppression and renal toxicity were not dose-limiting. Thus the
      activity of this drug combination is confirmed, but severe toxicity precludes its
      widespread use in clinical practice.

PMID- 4043171
TI  - Characterization of the T61 human breast carcinoma established in nude mice.
AB  - This paper gives a biological characterization of the T61 human breast carcinoma
      established in nude mice. The human origin of the tumour was verified by the
      demonstration of the presence of human chromosomes exclusively in the tumour
      cells. The tumour cells were found by chromosome analysis and flow cytometric DNA
      analysis to be aneuploid. By electron microscopy, the tumour cells were shown to
      display the characteristics of glandular epithelium; a light microscopic
      examination revealed morphological characteristics similar to those of an
      axillary metastasis of the patient from whom the T61 tumour was derived.
      Furthermore, the tumour was shown to contain classical receptors for oestrogen
      and progesterone. The growth of the tumour was characterized by gompertzian
      growth curves. Since the T61 tumour has a response pattern to endocrine treatment
      which differs from that described for other human breast tumours grown in nude
      mice, this tumour may provide a valuable supplement in the study of human breast
      cancer and endocrine treatment.

PMID- 4043172
TI  - Misonidazole toxicity and pharmacokinetics in mice: dependence on strain and
      size.
AB  - The toxic side-effects of misonidazole (MISO) have been studied in two strains of
      mice over a wide weight range. The sensitivity of the mice, determined as the
      LD50 within 7 days of administration, varied by almost a factor of two.
      Differences were seen in the same strain, with heavy mice being most sensitive,
      and from strain to strain, with CBA mice being more susceptible than WHT albino
      mice. The toxicity of the MISO was closely related to a change in the peak blood
      levels, but showed no correlation with biological half-life. The tissue volume
      available for drug distribution appears to be reduced in large, heavy mice at
      high drug doses, and cannot be explained simply on the basis of drug exclusion
      from adipose tissue. For radiobiological studies with MISO doses of more than 0.5
      mg/g it is recommended that it should be administered in a dosage that will give
      a known blood level of the drug, rather than simply by giving a constant dose
      based on body weight.

PMID- 4043173
TI  - Activity of titanocene dihalides against a human colon carcinoma
      heterotransplanted to athymic mice.
AB  - The antitumor activity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and of two
      metallocene derivatives, titanocene dichloride (C5H5)2TiCl2 and titanocene
      dibromide (C5H5)2TiBr2, was investigated against a human colon adenocarcinoma
      heterotransplanted to athymic mice. The substances were administered at various
      doses on a Q2DX5 or a Q3DX5 schedule. Whereas cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)
      induced an only marginal tumor-inhibiting effect, both titanocenes markedly
      suppressed tumor development (T/C values: 23-40%) and caused stagnation and
      relative decrease of tumor growth, when they were applied in subtoxic doses far
      below the LD10 level. The results are remarkable with respect to the general
      insensitivity of human colorectal carcinomas to cytostatic agents.

PMID- 4043174
TI  - Rat liver-mediated degradation of dibromodulcitol.
AB  - The rate and extent of dibromodulcitol (DBD) conversion by 9000 g rat liver
      supernatant with an NADPH-generating system (S-9 mix) were studied using 3H
      labelled drug. Results indicated that S-9 mix seemed to exert an initial
      protective effect delaying the solvolysis of DBD for about 30 min at 37 degrees C
      followed by rapid degradation into exclusively pharmacologically inactive
      products. Thus S-9 mix contained merely DBD as an effective agent; it amounted to
      less than 40% of the total radioactive compounds by 120 min. In the control
      mixtures the sovolytically produced effective drug content, i.e. the sum of DBD,
      1,2-anhydro-6-bromo-6-deoxygalactitol (BrEpG), 1,2-5,6-dianhydrogalactitol (DAG)
      was 63%. Our results suggest the involvement of liver enzymes in the
      detoxification of DBD into inactive products. Therefore the antitumour effect of
      DBD cannot be attributed to its active BrEpG and DAG alone. The drug in its
      unchanged form may contribute to a somewhat greater extent to its cytostatic
      action than was believed before.

PMID- 4043175
TI  - Inflammatory tumor response to monoclonal antibody infusion.
AB  - Two patients with melanoma and one with apudoma, all three with metastatic
      disease, received monoclonal antibody infusions with mAb R-24, specific for the
      disialoganglioside GD3. This marker was shown to be restricted to melanoma cells
      and a few other tumors of neural crest origin. Following treatment with mAb R-24
      both melanoma patients showed inflammatory cutaneous responses around tumor
      nodules, i.e. blister formation or inflammatory perinodular halos. Local pain in
      bulky intestinal tumor sites occurred in all three patients about 3 hr after
      onset of antibody infusion. Adverse side-effects of antibody application were not
      observed with antibody doses up to 200 mg (single) and 440 mg total dose. The
      presented data indicate that mAb R-24 is active in vivo.

PMID- 4043176
TI  - Serum sialyltransferase and fucosyltransferase activities in patients with
      multiple myeloma.
AB  - A significant elevation of serum sialyltransferase and fucosyltransferase mean
      activities was observed in 19 untreated patients with multiple myeloma. However,
      sialyltransferase mean activity was significantly lower in 13 other patients
      treated for 1-30 months with alkylating drugs and prednisolone. Such a definite
      decrease in serum enzyme activity on treatment was not recorded for
      fucosyltransferase. Instead, this activity was significantly increased in treated
      patients as compared to controls. The presenting clinical features of the 32
      patients with multiple myeloma were the basis for a clinical staging system with
      regard to myeloma cell burden according to established criteria. In untreated
      patients (as opposed to treated ones), a significantly higher serum
      sialyltransferase (but not fucosyltransferase) activity was obtained among those
      11 belonging to stage III than among the other eight with stages I and II,
      suggesting a link between tumour burden and enzyme activity. This assumption was
      further strengthened in those six patients followed lengthwise with regard to
      serum sialyltransferase activity. Concomitantly with objective evidence of change
      in tumour burden they showed corresponding alterations in sialyltransferase
      activity. The determination of sialyltransferase and fucosyltransferase activity
      in serum may be an additional contribution to refine initial assessment and
      follow-up of individual patients with multiple myeloma.

PMID- 4043177
TI  - Relation between enzymatic activities and the degree of malignancy of human
      lymphomas.
AB  - The relationship between the intracellular levels of DNA polymerase alpha (DP
      alpha), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the degree
      of malignancy of human lymphomas was investigated. Twelve non-neoplastic lymph
      nodes and 88 malignant lymphomas were examined. For non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL)
      the low or high grade of malignancy was established according to three
      classifications: the Rappaport, the Kiel and the Working Formulation for Clinical
      Usage, with the latter also recognizing an intermediate grade group. Non
      neoplastic lymph nodes had significantly lower levels of all the three enzymes
      than those found in high-grade malignant NHL (the P value ranged from less than
      0.02 to less than 0.001). Hodgkin's disease, a slowly evolving neoplasia, showed
      lower levels of DP-alpha (P less than 0.001) and ADA (P less than 0.001), but not
      of LDH, than high-grade NHL. Among NHL, whatever classification was used, the low
      grade malignant lymphomas had significantly lower levels than the high-grade ones
      for all the three enzymes (P less than 0.005 or P less than 0.001). The
      intermediate-grade group of the Working Formulation differed from the high-grade
      group for DP-alpha (P less than 0.01) and ADA (P less than 0.02) but not for LDH.
      It differed from the low-grade group only for ADA (P less than 0.005).
      Lymphoblastic and Burkitt's lymphomas were the groups with the highest levels of
      the three enzymes. Among low-grade lymphomas very low values were found in the
      histological entities defined as DLWD in the Rappaport classification, CLL and
      lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma in the Kiel classification and small lymphocytic
      (group A) in the WF. The levels of all enzymes in these histotypes were always
      significantly different from the other low-grade histotypes, and from the
      intermediate-grade ones of the WF. In the Kiel classification polymorphous
      lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, recently recognized as a group with a quite
      aggressive clinical course, was characterized by high levels of all three
      enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043178
TI  - Sympathetic ganglia augment growth of neuroblastoma in vitro.
AB  - The sympathetic nervous system modulates the growth of C-1300 mouse neuroblastoma
      (C-1300 NB) in vivo. We now report that the presence of sympathetic cervical
      ganglia in cultures containing C-1300 NB or dispersed S-20 neuroblastoma (S-20
      NB) cells augments growth of these tumors in vitro. Sympathetic ganglia
      conditioned medium increases proliferation and survival of S-20 NB cells,
      indicating that nervous system-derived growth factors can exert an effect on
      neoplastic cells.

PMID- 4043179
TI  - Assay for estrogen and progesterone receptors of breast cancer cell lines in
      monolayer culture.
AB  - A whole-cell assay for measuring estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors
      in monolayer culture of human breast cancer cell lines is described. It is based
      on the measurement of incorporated tritiated ligands during 50 min of incubation
      (i.e. [3H]estradiol for ER, [3H]ORG-2058 for PgR). The assay fulfills all
      criteria of specificity as shown by competitive studies and measurements of the
      dissociation constants of the binding reactions. Moreover, a subcellular
      fractionation of MCF-7 labeled cells revealed that the majority of incorporated
      steroids was associated with the nuclear fraction. This finding is consistent
      with the concept of nuclear location of steroid-receptor complexes. Cultures in
      the presence of 10(-8) M estradiol indicated that the methodology is adequate for
      detecting the well-known estrogenic induction of PgR synthesis. The assay proved
      suitable for the quantitative assessment of the receptor content of various
      neoplastic (MCF-7; ZR-75-1, Cama-1, Evsa-T) and non-neoplastic (HBL-100) cell
      lines. The methodology has the other advantages of being simple and rapid, of
      requiring small amounts of cells and of allowing histological examination of the
      latter before, during and after biochemical analysis.

PMID- 4043180
TI  - The effect of treatment with single and split doses of spirohydantoin mustard on
      the growth delay of 9L rat brain tumor multicellular spheroids.
AB  - The effects of single and split doses of spirohydantoin mustard on the growth
      delay and cell survival of 9L rat brain tumor multicellular spheroids have been
      investigated. Treatment with 10-25 microM concentrations of spirohydantoin
      mustard inhibited the growth of spheroids. Growth delay increased rapidly when
      assayed during the first 6-10 days after treatment, after which a decrease in
      delay was observed. Plots of the values for the inflection points from growth
      curves vs drug concentration were linear, and growth delay correlated well with
      cell survival. There was less growth delay caused by treating spheroids with two
      10 microM concentrations of spirohydantoin mustard than with a single 20 microM
      concentration. When a 2 or 4 hr time interval was allowed between treatment with
      10 microM concentrations of spirohydantoin mustard the delay observed was greater
      than that obtained with the split dose control. When the resolution of the growth
      delay assay is considered, the split dose effect can be explained by the
      existence of a 5 microM threshold before any growth delay is observed.
      Nonetheless, the finding that spheroids treated on the split dose protocol
      recover from drug damage may have implications for the design of clinical
      protocols.

PMID- 4043181
TI  - In vivo and in vitro antiestrogenic action of 3-hydroxytamoxifen, tamoxifen and 4
      hydroxytamoxifen.
AB  - This study demonstrates in vivo and in vitro properties of the non-steroidal
      antiestrogens tamoxifen (TAM), 4-OH-tamoxifen (4-OH-TAM) and 3-OH-tamoxifen (K
      060 E). In immature rabbit uteri 4-OH-TAM and K 060 E bound to the respective
      estrogen receptors with a ten-fold higher affinity than TAM. Furthermore, K 060 E
      exhibited less agonistic (estrogenic) but higher antagonistic (antiestrogenic)
      activity in the immature rat uterus than TAM and 4-OH-TAM (change of uterine
      weight). The ratio of agonistic vs antagonistic effect of K 060 E was distinctly
      lower than in TAM and 4-OH-TAM. In addition, K 060 E reduced by approximately 45%
      the growth of the transplantable Fisher rat mammary tumor (R 3230 AC) as compared
      with TAM (33%). We assume that, due to the higher antitumor activity, K 060 E (3
      OH-TAM) is a better antiestrogen than TAM.

PMID- 4043182
TI  - Differential effect of i.p.- and i.v.-injected adriamycin on the clonogenic
      spermatogonia of murine testis.
AB  - The response of murine clonogenic spermatogonia has been measured after
      intraperitoneal or intravenous injections of adriamycin (ADR). When measured over
      the whole testis, the survival curve for regenerating tubules after i.p. ADR had
      a 10-15% lower LD37 dose (that dose which sterilises 37% of tubules) but a two
      fold higher average D0 for the clonogenic cells than that for i.v. ADR. Survival
      was then measured in concentric zones of these equatorial sections of testis. For
      i.v. injection survival parameters varied little between zones in the centre of
      the testis and zones adjoining the testicular capsule. In contrast, for i.p. ADR
      central zones had a 40% higher LD37 but the same D0 as for i.v. ADR, while
      peripheral zones had LD37s as little as 35% of the i.v. figure and mean D0s 2-3
      times higher. Pharmacokinetic considerations that might lead to these differences
      in clonogenic response are discussed.

PMID- 4043183
TI  - Spelling instruction in special education classrooms: a survey of practices.

PMID- 4043184
TI  - From school to work: a vocational transition model for handicapped students.

PMID- 4043185
TI  - Hearing impaired students in regular classrooms: a cognitive model for
      educational services.

PMID- 4043186
TI  - Large-scale learning disability identification: the reprieve of a concept.

PMID- 4043187
TI  - Variations in attention as a function of classroom task demands in learning
      handicapped and CA-matched nonhandicapped children.

PMID- 4043188
TI  - Importance of goal ambitiousness and goal mastery to student achievement.

PMID- 4043189
TI  - Low achiever differentiation: where's the beef?

PMID- 4043190
TI  - The effects of cooperative and individual goal structures on learning disabled
      and nondisabled students.

PMID- 4043191
TI  - Postsecondary vocational adjustment of rural, mildly handicapped students.

PMID- 4043192
TI  - Teachers' perceptions of behaviorally disordered students in a variety of
      settings.

PMID- 4043193
TI  - California's new eligibility criteria: legal and program implications.

PMID- 4043194
TI  - Facilitating mainstreaming by modifying the mainstream.

PMID- 4043195
TI  - The effects of integration on the mathematics achievement of hearing impaired
      adolescents.

PMID- 4043196
TI  - Biasing influences on test level assignments for hearing impaired students.

PMID- 4043197
TI  - Effects of role, gender, age, and parental status on perception of childhood
      problems.

PMID- 4043198
TI  - Overestimation of renal function in glucocorticosteroid treated patients.
AB  - Creatinine clearance is commonly used as a parameter for individualization of
      dosages of drugs primarily excreted by the kidney. Nomograms and equations have
      been developed for estimating creatinine clearance from serum creatinine
      concentration, body weight, age and sex. Glucocorticosteroids are said to cause
      proximal muscle wasting and therefore may be expected to cause a decrease in the
      creatinine production rate. The purposes of the present investigation were first
      to evaluate by a computed tomography the effect of long term treatment with
      prednisone on the mid-thigh muscle area, and second, to establish whether the
      presumed supposed decrease in muscle mass was associated with a decrease in the
      urinary creatinine excretion rate, and hence in a systematic error whenever a
      nomogram is used to predict creatinine clearance in such subjects. Patients
      taking prednisone had smaller mid-thigh muscle areas than controls. A linear
      relationship between the mid-thigh muscle area and the observed urinary excretion
      of creatinine was found, suggesting that the muscle loss could account for the
      decrease in the urinary excretion rate of creatinine. The ratio of observed to
      predicted (by nomogram) urinary creatinine excretion was lower in patients than
      controls, resulting in a corresponding underprediction of creatinine clearance by
      nomograms in the patients taking prednisone.

PMID- 4043199
TI  - Evaluation of infusion regimens for thiopentone as a primary anaesthetic agent.
AB  - Several multi-stage infusion regimens and a computer controlled exponentially
      decreasing infusion regimen were evaluated in twelve patients undergoing head and
      neck surgery or neurosurgery. Thiopentone dosage was based on the mean of
      pharmacokinetic parameter values from the literature and adjusted for each
      patient's lean body mass in order to rapidly achieve a predetermined plasma
      thiopentone concentration of 15 or 20 micrograms/ml in the period following the
      initial bolus dose to induce anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was satisfactory in all
      cases. Plasma thiopentone concentrations were maintained between 10-20
      micrograms/ml during infusion in the five patients who received either a four or
      five stage infusion and in the six patients who received the exponential
      infusion, but not in the single patient who received a two-stage infusion. The
      mean recovery time was 111 min. The plasma concentrations of total and unbound
      thiopentone at awakening showed little intersubject variability, despite
      considerable differences in total dose and duration of infusion, suggesting the
      absence of acute tolerance to the drug. Plasma clearance of total thiopentone
      correlated strongly with calculated lean body mass and to a lesser extent with
      total body weight suggesting that lean body mass, in particular, should be an
      accurate predictor of thiopentone maintenance dose requirements. This study shows
      that it is feasible to use thiopentone as a primary anaesthetic agent during
      surgery by administering the drug either as an exponentially decreasing infusion
      or as an infusion comprising 4 or 5 stepwise decreasing rates.

PMID- 4043200
TI  - The influence of ascites on the pharmacokinetics of piretanide in cirrhotic
      patients.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of piretanide, a new loop diuretic, were studied in seven
      patients with severe liver disease before and after resolution of ascites. The
      time to maximum concentration was significantly prolonged by the presence of
      ascites. Tmax after relief of ascites was similar to that seen for normal
      volunteers. Area under the curves, bioavailability, volumes of distribution and
      elimination half-lives did not change after resolution of the ascites: two
      patients in whom diuretic resistant ascites occurred showed similar
      pharmacokinetics to that of the diuretic responders. Reduced responsiveness to
      piretanide therapy in patients with gross ascites does not appear to be the
      result of decreased bioavailability.

PMID- 4043201
TI  - Effect of impairment of renal function on the accumulation and disposition of
      isoxicam.
AB  - The accumulation and disposition of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug
      isoxicam were investigated following its oral administration to 6 subjects with
      normal renal function and 13 patients with diminished renal function. Isoxicam
      was given daily as a single oral dose for 14-15 consecutive days. Steady-state
      plasma levels were achieved after 13 days. The effect of differences in renal
      function on the kinetics of isoxicam appeared to be minimal. Accumulation of
      isoxicam was similar in both groups of subjects and there was no significant
      difference between the groups in the plasma clearance or terminal half-life of
      isoxicam. There were substantial differences between individuals in the apparent
      plasma clearance and half-life of the drug, and this is reflected in the 7-fold
      range of steady-state plasma isoxicam concentrations encountered in the subjects.

PMID- 4043202
TI  - Antipyrine metabolite formation and excretion in patients with chronic renal
      failure.
AB  - In the present study the influence of chronic renal insufficiency on antipyrine
      clearance, metabolite formation and excretion was investigated in 8 patients.
      After oral administration of antipyrine, the parent compound, its metabolites and
      their conjugates were assayed in plasma and urine. Besides the parent drug, 3
      hydroxymethylantipyrine (HMA) was present in plasma in the free and conjugated
      forms, whereas 4-hydroxyantipyrine (OHA) and norantipyrine (NORA) were found only
      in the conjugated form. The same was true for urine. The plasma concentrations of
      these metabolites are too low to be measured in subjects with normal renal
      function. Plasma antipyrine clearance in the patients was in the same range as in
      healthy subjects. Investigation of metabolite kinetics, however, revealed that
      the rate of formation of NORA was preferentially decreased, whereas that of OHA
      and HMA were unaltered. Renal clearance of the metabolites of antipyrine was
      severely impaired in patients with renal insufficiency, and the resulting
      accumulation made it possible for the first-time to measure the antipyrine
      metabolites in plasma. Mean residence times of metabolites were longer than that
      of the parent compound. Renal clearances of the conjugates were correlated with
      the creatinine clearance, but were somewhat higher. Renal clearance of free HMA
      was lower and was also correlated with creatinine clearance. The mean clearance
      for glucuronidation of HMA was 93.1 ml/min. The results suggest that in healthy
      subjects Phase I metabolism is the rate-limiting step in the elimination of
      antipyrine, which is essential for its application as a model drug in metabolism
      studies.

PMID- 4043203
TI  - Transfer of labetalol into amniotic fluid and breast milk in lactating women.
AB  - The transfer of labetalol into human breast milk and amniotic fluid was studied
      in women with pregnancy hypertension. The women were treated with labetalol 600
      1200 mg daily. The ratio between the areas under the milk and plasma
      concentration versus time curves varied between 0.8 and 2.6. No consistent
      relation between milk and plasma concentration in the mother was observed either
      within the individuals during a dose interval or between different individuals.
      One of the nursed infants at the end of the dose interval had a plasma labetalol
      in the same range as the mother, and in another infant the level was below the
      detection limit. Amniotic fluid concentrations 2-3 h after dosing were generally
      lower than in plasma.

PMID- 4043204
TI  - Hepatobiliary transport of plasma IgA in the mouse: contribution to clearance of
      intravascular IgA.
AB  - Labeled monomeric and polymeric (pIgA) mouse monoclonal IgA were injected
      intravenously into mice which were either sequentially bled for plasma turnover
      studies of IgA, or cannulated at their common bile duct, with excluded
      gallbladder, for quantitation of plasma-to-bile transport of pIgA. Our data show
      that mice do display a relatively high rate of biliary transport of plasma pIgA
      (22-28% of the injected 125I-labeled pIgA over 3 h), which accounts for
      approximately 90% of the total amount of pIgA (8.8 mg/kg/day) daily delivered by
      hepatic bile into the duodenal fluid of this species. However, in mice the
      absolute biliary output of pIgA does not exceed that of IgG (9.5 mg/kg/day) and
      the kinetics of the hepatobiliary transport of plasma pIgA appear to be slower
      than in the rat. Furthermore, as plasma survival studies of 125I-labeled pIgA
      yielded a plasma turnover of pIgA averaging 20.6 mg/kg/day, it can be
      approximated that the hepatobiliary pathway contributes for only 38% to the
      elimination of intravascular pIgA from mouse plasma, a figure to be compared to
      89.8% in the rat and approximately 8.9% in man. We conclude that internal
      catabolism plays a dominant role in the clearance of intravascular pIgA in the
      mouse which appears as a model intermediate between rats and humans. Supporting
      this conclusion, serum pIgA two days after common bile duct ligation in 6 mice
      was increased by 2.5-fold vs. greater than 14-fold in ligated rats and 1.1-fold
      in humans with complete biliary obstruction.

PMID- 4043205
TI  - Ultrastructure of human C4-binding protein: proposition for a new model.
AB  - The structure of human C4-binding protein (C4bp), a regulatory factor of the
      classical C3 convertase of complement, has been under investigation for several
      years, but remains poorly understood. For example, the number of subunits in the
      C4bp molecule has not been established. In this report, we use two different
      techniques (partial reduction and electron microscopy) to clarify the structure
      of the C4bp. Our results lead us to propose a structural model which is quite
      different to that suggested before, i.e. the C4bp molecule appears to be a
      decamer. In addition to the disulfide bonds which link each subunit to another, a
      second disulfide interaction leads to the association of the subunits in pairs.
      Each pair of subunits appears as a filament ending in a globular head at the N
      terminal extremity. The pairs of subunits join to form a conical central domain
      (at the C-terminal extremity) linked by disulfide bonds. The proposed pentameric
      shape of the C4bp is consistent with the stoichiometry of the C4b-C4bp
      interactions. The proposed model indicates an overall structural homology between
      C4bp and other binding proteins.

PMID- 4043206
TI  - Demonstration of specific binding sites for [3H]mazindol in rat hypothalamus:
      correlation with the anorectic properties of phenylethylamines.

PMID- 4043207
TI  - Adenosine inhibits forskolin-induced excitation in myenteric neurons.

PMID- 4043208
TI  - Prazosin but not rauwolscine reduces a component of the constrictor action of
      thrombin in the rabbit femoral artery.

PMID- 4043209
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of [3H]methylphenidate binding sites in rat brain.

PMID- 4043210
TI  - Possible mechanism of action of diazepam as an adenosine potentiator.
AB  - Diazepam (10(-5)-3 X 10(-4) M) selectively enhanced the negative inotropic
      responses of guinea-pig atria and the relaxation of guinea-pig taenia coli caused
      by adenosine and ATP. In the atria, the effect of 2-chloroadenosine, a stable
      analog of adenosine, was not affected by diazepam. Segments of guinea-pig atria
      or taenia coli took up 3H-activity during incubation with [3H]adenosine but did
      not take up 32P-activity from [32P]ATP. Diazepam at concentrations sufficient to
      enhance the in vitro responses reduced by half the uptake of 3H-activity into the
      preparations. Adenosine (10(-6) M) and ATP (10(-6) M) were degraded to inactive
      inosine during incubation with atrial segments and their degradation was
      inhibited by diazepam. In contrast, in rat atria, diazepam did not enhance the
      negative inotropic effects of adenosine and ATP, and did not prevent the uptake
      of adenosine. These results suggest that in guinea-pig atria and taenia coli,
      diazepam like dipyridamole, acts as an adenosine potentiator by preventing the
      uptake and degradation of adenosine.

PMID- 4043211
TI  - Systemic and regional hemodynamic actions of calcium entry blockers in conscious
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - In the present study we investigated systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of
      the calcium entry blockers nifedipine, verapamil and PY 108-068 in conscious SHR.
      For systemic hemodynamic studies the animals were instrumented with an
      electromagnetic flowprobe on the ascending aorta, whereas for regional
      hemodynamic studies miniaturized Doppler flowprobes were implanted on the
      superior mesenteric and left renal artery and on the abdominal aorta. All three
      drugs caused a dose-dependent fall in mean arterial pressure and total peripheral
      resistance. Nifedipine and PY 108-068 increased cardiac output and heart rate,
      whereas verapamil only did so at high doses. Administration of each calcium entry
      blocker caused a dose-dependent fall in skeletal muscle vascular resistance, with
      renal and mesenteric resistance remaining virtually unchanged. A similar effect
      was observed after the administration of nifedipine to normotensive WKY rats.
      Surgical elimination of sino-aortic baroreflexes caused a 10 fold increase in
      antihypertensive potency of the three drugs in SHR. Moreover, dilatation in these
      animals was uniform in all beds studied. The results indicate that the three
      calcium entry blockers used are essentially non-selective vasodilators but that
      baroreflex mechanisms prevent vasodilatation in the renal and mesenteric beds in
      intact animals.

PMID- 4043212
TI  - Psychopharmacological effects of nomifensine enantiomers.
AB  - The effects of enantiomers of nomifensine were compared in five
      psychopharmacological tests in which (+/-)-nomifensine is active. In mice, (+)
      nomifensine increased motor activity at 16 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg reduced the hypothermia
      and ptosis induced by reserpine and antagonized the hypothermia induced by 16
      mg/kg of apomorphine. (+)-Nomifensine 4 mg/kg potentiated yohimbine toxicity. (-)
      Nomifensine 4,8, or 16 mg/kg was inactive in all these tests. In rats, (+)
      nomifensine 8 mg/kg induced stereotyped movements whereas (-)-nomifensine 64
      mg/kg did not produce stereotypies.

PMID- 4043213
TI  - Acute effects of taurine and a taurine antagonist on ethanol-induced central
      nervous system depression.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats received taurine intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) 30 min
      prior to ethanol (4 g/kg, i.p.). The duration of ethanol-induced sleep time was
      increased with taurine at doses of 7.5, 14.0 and 25.0 mumol/kg. In another
      experiment, TAG (a taurine antagonist, i.c.v.) was given 5 min prior to taurine
      (i.c.v.) and ethanol was administered 30 min later. TAG antagonized the effect of
      taurine to enhance ethanol-induced sleep time. These results suggest an
      interaction between taurine and the depressant effect of ethanol in the brain.

PMID- 4043214
TI  - Role of prostaglandins and the areas postrema in the central pressor action of
      bradykinin.
AB  - Vertebral and carotid artery infusions of bradykinin increased blood pressure and
      heart rate in anaesthetised greyhounds. Indomethacin pretreatment abolished the
      pressor response to vertebral infusion and reduced that to carotid infusion.
      Areas postrema ablation abolished the pressor response to bradykinin with both
      routes of administration. The tachycardia responses to cranial artery infusions
      and the entire cardiovascular response to intravenous infusion were unaffected by
      either treatment. It is concluded that intact areas postrema and normal
      prostaglandin synthesis are essential for the full expression of the central
      pressor action of bradykinin.

PMID- 4043215
TI  - Effects of adenosine on 45Ca uptake and [3H]acetylcholine release in synaptosomal
      preparation from guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus.
AB  - The effects of adenosine on acetylcholine (ACh) release and calcium uptake were
      examined in a synaptosomal fraction prepared from guinea-pig ileum myenteric
      plexus-longitudinal muscle. A high concentration of potassium (40 mM) and
      electrical pulses (ES:10Hz) caused a marked increase in the output of [3H]ACh
      from [3H]choline-preloaded crude synaptosomes. This [3H]ACh output was calcium-
      and temperature-dependent. Adenosine reduced the high potassium-induced release
      significantly, and the electrically stimulated release completely. When the
      preparation was depolarized by high potassium or electrical pulses, the 45Ca
      uptake by synaptosomes was significantly enhanced. The uptake of 45Ca induced by
      high potassium was significantly reduced and that induced by electrical
      stimulation was completely abolished by adenosine. From these results, it may be
      suggested that adenosine inhibits neurotransmitter release by suppressing the
      presynaptic influx of calcium ion during depolarization of the cholinergic nerve
      terminals in guinea-pig ileum.

PMID- 4043216
TI  - Profile of prostaglandins generated in the detrusor muscle of rat urinary
      bladder: effects of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine.
AB  - The generation and release of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      in the rat detrusor muscle were studied by means of radioimmunoassays. The effect
      of ATP (0.1 mmol/1) and adenosine (0.1 mmol/1) on the content and profile of PGs
      in the incubation medium was investigated. It was found that PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha accounted for more than 80% of the total PG activity. ATP increased the
      amounts of PGs in the incubation medium (percentage change of the control values,
      N = 6: PGE2 54.53 +/- 12.69, PGF2 alpha 31.01 +/- 8.82, PGD2 44.52 +/- 12.36,
      TXB2 17.29 +/- 10.45, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha 36.62 +/- 5.0) but did not change their
      profile. Adenosine had no effect on either content or profile of the PGs. The
      results suggest that ATP but ot adenosine may activate PG biosynthesis via P2
      purinoceptor-mediated mechanisms.

PMID- 4043217
TI  - Capsaicin pretreatment inhibits the flare component of the cutaneous allergic
      reaction in man.

PMID- 4043218
TI  - Effects of catecholamines, monophenolamines and phenylamines on identifiable
      giant neurons of an African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac).
AB  - The effects of catecholamines, monophenolamines and phenylamines on eight
      identifiable giant neurons of an African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac)
      were examined to classify these neurons into several categories according to
      their sensitivities to the various substances. The five neurons, PON
      (periodically oscillating neuron), TAN (tonically autoactive neuron), 1-VMN (left
      visceral multiple spike neuron), d-RPeAN (dorsal-right pedal autoactive neuron)
      and VIN (visceral intermittent firing neuron), were sensitive to catecholamines.
      Of these neurons, PON was excited most markedly by dopamine (dopamine-sensitive);
      TAN, 1-VMN and d-RPeAN were inhibited most markedly by epinine (epinine
      sensitive); and VIN was excited equally by the four catecholamines, dopamine,
      epinine, L-noradrenaline and L-adrenaline (widely sensitive). The three other
      neurons, FAN (frequently autoactive neuron), d-LPeLN (dorsal-left pedal large
      neuron) and d-LCDN (dorsal-left cerebral distinct neuron) were sensitive to
      monophenolamines. DL-Octopamine was the most inhibitory on FAN and d-LCDN, but
      was the most excitatory on d-LPeLN. DL-Synephrine had the same but somewhat
      weaker effects on the three neurons as did DL-octopamine. The three phenylamines,
      L-phenylalanine, beta-phenylethylamine and DL-beta-phenylethanolamine, had no
      effect on any of the eight neurons examined.

PMID- 4043219
TI  - Characterization of a high affinity piretanide receptor on kidney membranes.
AB  - The tritiated loop diuretic, piretanide, is a useful ligand for specific diuretic
      receptors which are present in the plasma membranes of renal medullary cells. Its
      high specific activity (30 Ci X mmol-1) made it possible to demonstrate the
      existence of a high affinity receptor (Kd approximately 5 nM) and a binding site
      with low affinity. High affinity binding is saturable, reversible and
      displaceable by a number of non-radioactive loop diuretics. Structural analogues,
      devoid of diuretic activity, do not displace piretanide binding. No specific
      binding occurs in liver or spleen membranes.

PMID- 4043220
TI  - Contractile responses of the guinea-pig esophageal muscularis mucosae in vitro to
      arachidonic acid and its metabolites.
AB  - The responsiveness of the guinea-pig esophageal muscularis mucosae to arachidonic
      acid (AA) and its cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites was examined in
      vitro. AA (0.1-30 microM) produced a concentration-dependent contraction of the
      muscularis mucosae (mean EC50 +/- S.E.M. = 5.1 +/- 1.0 microM). The contractions
      in response to low concentrations of AA (0.1-3 microM) were prevented by
      pretreatment of the tissue with indomethacin (1-10 microM), while those in
      response to high concentrations (10-100 micron) were prevented by BW755C (10-100
      microM). The contractile response to AA was antagonized by polyphloretin
      phosphate (PPP, 1-10 micrograms/ml) and by FPL 55712 (1-10 microM). All
      cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites of AA tested also produced a
      sustained contraction of the muscularis mucosae with the following order of
      sensitivity; leukotriene (LT) D4 greater than LTC4 greater than prostaglandin
      (PG) E2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than PGI2 greater than thromboxane B2.
      The responses to LTC4 and LTD4 were antagonized by FPL 55712 (0.1-1 microM),
      while those to PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were antagonized by PPP (3-100 micrograms/ml).
      The present results indicate that exogenously applied AA contracts the isolated
      muscularis mucosae of the guinea-pig esophagus by an indirect action via its
      metabolism to both PGs and LTs. The putative PG and LT receptors located in this
      tissue are probably similar to those in the ileal longitudinal muscle, but differ
      from those in the airway smooth muscle.

PMID- 4043221
TI  - Central opioid-like influence of a tetrapeptide from hamster embryo (kentsin) on
      gastrointestinal motility in dogs.
AB  - The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) vs. intravenous (i.v.)
      administration of kentsin (H-Thr-Pro-Arg-Lys-OH) on gastrointestinal motility
      were investigated in fasted dogs. Administered i.c.v. at doses of 20 and 100
      ng/kg, this peptide inhibited by 51.2 and 76.1% the antral motility index and
      disrupted the jejunal migrating motor complex for 2 and 4 h respectively. Similar
      effects were only obtained after a 25 fold higher dose administered i.v. and
      these effects were abolished after a previous i.c.v. administration of naloxone
      (50 micrograms/kg) suggesting that they are mediated through opiate receptors.

PMID- 4043222
TI  - Effect of alpha-chymotrypsin on the nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory
      system in cat airways.
AB  - Electrical field stimulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine contracted cat trachea and
      bronchi in the presence of cholinergic and adrenergic blockade caused relaxation
      by activating intrinsic nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory nerves.
      Pretreatment of the tissues with the proteolytic enzyme, alpha-chymotrypsin, did
      not affect NANC inhibitory responses. Relaxations induced by vasoactive
      intestinal peptide (VIP) were abolished by alpha-chymotrypsin. These results
      suggest that VIP or related peptides may not act as the NANC inhibitory
      transmitter in cat airways. However, the possibility remains that peptides not
      susceptible to degradation by alpha-chymotrypsin may mediate these NANC
      inhibitory responses.

PMID- 4043223
TI  - Endothelium removal augments vasodilation by sodium nitroprusside and sodium
      nitrite.
AB  - Sodium nitroprusside (3-100 nM) and sodium nitrite (0.03-1 mM) caused relaxation
      of the rat aortic ring segments precontracted by norepinephrine. The relaxation
      was significantly augmented by removal of endothelium, and this augmentation was
      greater in the aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than Wistar Kyoto
      rats (WKY). The mechanism remains unknown but such augmentation may be clinically
      favorable to the use of nitrovasodilators.

PMID- 4043224
TI  - Bombesin stimulates small intestinal motility after intracerebroventricular
      administration to rats.
AB  - The frequency and amplitude of contractions occurring in the duodenum and the
      jejunum of freely-moving, unanesthetized, female Sprague-Dawley rats were
      determined by continuously recording intestinal intraluminal pressure.
      Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of saline did not significantly
      alter the frequency of contractions in either small bowel region when compared
      with activity observed during a preinjection control period. I.c.v.
      administration of bombesin (0.1-10 micrograms) produced a dose-related increase
      in the frequency of duodenal contractions of up to 583% of control. While an
      increase in jejunal motility was consistently seen with doses of 1 and 10
      micrograms, the lowest bombesin dose tested (0.1 microgram) produced a
      significant decrease in the frequency of contractions in this intestinal area.
      The intestinal motor effects were seen within the first 30 min after the peptide,
      and lasted for at least 1 h. Intraperitoneal administration of bombesin, at doses
      200 times higher than those given centrally, failed to significantly alter
      intestinal motility at either recording site. Whether all of the complex
      intestinal motor effects of bombesin can be directly related to its centrally
      initiated inhibitory transit effect is unclear; however, the stimulation of
      contraction frequency in the duodenum at all doses tested suggest that the
      antitransit effects of bombesin may be, in part, the result of either an increase
      in the frequency of non-propulsive contractions or a disruption of the normal
      coordinated propulsive motility pattern of the duodenum.

PMID- 4043225
TI  - Cross-tolerance between morphine- and bombesin-induced inhibition of intestinal
      transit in rats.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of either morphine or bombesin to rats
      inhibits intestinal transit of an intraduodenally administered radiochromium
      marker. In this work, we show that tolerance develops to this effect of bombesin
      after i.c.v. infusion of the peptide (0.5 micrograms/h for 4 days via an s.c.
      implanted Alzet 2001 osmotic minipump). Tolerance also develops to the inhibition
      of intestinal transit associated with i.c.v. morphine after s.c. injections of
      morphine. Bombesin-induced delay of transit is not attenuated by naltrexone (10
      mg/kg, s.c.), a standard narcotic antagonist. Nevertheless, two-way cross
      tolerance develops between bombesin and morphine in this system. This is a
      surprising result since both bombesin and morphine are believed to act on
      different receptors and cause opposite effects on intestinal motility in rats.

PMID- 4043226
TI  - The dynamics of dopamine metabolism in the rat superior cervical, coeliac and
      mesenteric ganglia.
AB  - Dopamine (DA) metabolism was compared in rat superior cervical ganglion, coeliac
      ganglion, mesenteric ganglion and adrenal medulla. Substantial amounts of DA, 3-4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were found in all
      the above structures. The proportion of DA metabolites over total adrenergic
      compounds increased from the superior cervical (22 +/- 2.2%) to the mesenteric
      ganglia (37 +/- 1.4%) and was much higher in ganglia (30 +/- 1.6%) than in
      adrenal medulla (1.1 +/- 0.3%). The turnover rates of DOPAC and HVA were
      calculated in sympathetic ganglia after pargyline (75 mg/kg i.p.) or probenecid
      (200-500 mg/kg i.p.). After pargyline, the DOPAC levels decreased faster than HVA
      levels in all ganglia. The corresponding half-lives and calculated turnover rates
      were: about 4 and 10 min and 100 and 40 pmol/mg protein per h for DOPAC and HVA
      respectively. No differences were observed between the three ganglia. After
      probenecid, DOPAC accumulated in all the ganglia in a dose-dependent way; HVA
      accumulated in the superior cervical and coeliac ganglia but not in the
      mesenteric ganglion. As in central areas, the turnover rates of DOPAC and HVA
      calculated on the basis of the greatest accumulation of acidic levels after
      probenecid were much smaller than those obtained after pargyline. Probenecid
      increased DOPAC levels in adrenal medulla, but the concomitant changes in DA and
      epinephrine (E) amounts suggest that probenecid was able to enhance
      adrenomedullary activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043227
TI  - Involvement of monoaminergic and peptidergic components in cathinone-induced
      analgesia.
AB  - Evidence has been obtained suggesting that cathinone-induced analgesia depends
      upon stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors, followed by release of opioid peptides
      and by activation of serotonergic pathways. This hypothesis is supported by the
      following. (1) Cathinone potentiated morphine analgesia and the whole effect was
      antagonized by naloxone whereas onto the cathinone potentiation was counteracted
      by phenoxybenzamine. (2) Bestatin potentiated cathinone-induced analgesia and
      this effect was sensitive to both naloxone and phenoxybenzamine blockade. (3) The
      analgesic effect of cathinone + bestatin was further potentiated by the serotonin
      uptake inhibitor citalopram.

PMID- 4043228
TI  - Atropine-resistant excitatory junction potentials in rabbit bladder are blocked
      by alpha,beta-methylene ATP.

PMID- 4043229
TI  - Bombesin, gastrin releasing peptide and vasoactive intestinal peptide excite
      myenteric neurons.
AB  - Intracellular recording methods were used to study the actions of bombesin,
      gastrin releasing peptide and vasoactive intestinal peptide on electrical
      behavior of AH/Type 2 myenteric neurons in guinea-pig ileum in vitro. Each
      peptide evoked membrane depolarization associated with increased input
      resistance, enhanced excitability and suppression of hyperpolarizing after
      potentials. The effects of the peptides simulated slow synaptic excitation in the
      myenteric plexus and are consistent with a neurotransmitter or neuromodulatory
      function.

PMID- 4043230
TI  - DSP-4 lesioning prevents the enhancement of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine
      mediated behavioural changes by repeated electroconvulsive shock.
AB  - DSP-4 (N-(2-chloroethyl)-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine) a novel neurotoxin which
      destroys central noradrenaline neurones after peripheral injection was
      administered to rats (50 mg/kg X 2). This procedure did not alter activity
      responses to quipazine (7.5 mg/kg) or apomorphine (0.2 mg/kg) but prevented their
      enhancement by repeated electroconvulsive shocks (ECS X 10). This confirms that
      intact noradrenergic function is required for ECS-induced enhancement of 5-HT and
      dopamine mediated responses. Furthermore, DSP-4 is shown to provide a simple,
      effective alternative to centrally injected 6-hydroxydopamine for noradrenergic
      lesioning.

PMID- 4043231
TI  - Yohimbine can not exert its anticonvulsant action in genetically audiogenic
      seizure-prone mice.

PMID- 4043232
TI  - Ethanol preferentially stimulates dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of
      freely moving rats.

PMID- 4043233
TI  - A centrally elicited respiratory stimulant effect by bombesin in the rat.
AB  - The effects of the tetradecapeptide bombesin on respiratory regulation in the rat
      were studied using a whole body plethysmographic model. Application of the
      peptide was made intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) as well as via
      microinjections into specific brainstem areas. I.c.v. injection (0.1-5
      micrograms) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in tidal volume while
      respiratory frequency was decreased only at higher doses. The respiratory duty
      cycle remained unchanged while the respiratory drive was significantly increased.
      The respiratory effects were blunted by bilateral section of the tenth cranial
      nerve. Studies employing the occluded breath technique indicated a change in the
      threshold to afferent vagal signals while the time-setting for inspiration
      remained unchanged. Similar ventilation changes were elicited when the peptide
      was injected into the area of the nucleus ambiguous but not in several other
      areas of the brainstem. Such bombesin sensitive areas are consistent with a
      recent immunohistochemical study describing a dense pattern of immunoreactive
      somata in this area of the brainstem. The ventilatory stimulant effect seems to
      depend on an intact afferent vagal innervation.

PMID- 4043234
TI  - Diisopropylfluorophosphate inhibits choline efflux from the perfused rat
      hemidiaphragm.
AB  - Acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis by motor nerve terminals requires an adequate
      supply of its precursor, choline. The results reported here show that
      diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor commonly used
      in ACh release studies, reduces the rate of endogenous choline efflux from the
      perfused rat hemidiaphragm. Perfusion of the isolated hemidiaphragm with 10
      microM or 100 microM DFP reduced choline efflux by 39% and 69% respectively. DFP
      administration to rats (6 mg/kg) also lowered the in vitro release of choline by
      33%. The rate of ACh release from hemidiaphragm preparations perfused with DFP
      was significantly lower than the rate of release from preparations perfused with
      physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which had no effect on choline
      efflux. The addition of choline (10-30 micron) to the perfusion medium restored
      the rate of ACh release from DFP-treated hemidiaphragms but did not further
      elevated ACh release from physostigmine-treated preparations. These results
      demonstrate that DFP inhibits choline efflux from the isolated hemidiaphragm and
      further suggest that, by limiting the availability of choline for ACh synthesis,
      DFP reduces the rate of ACh release.

PMID- 4043235
TI  - Effect of GABA-T inhibitors on prolactin secretion in vitro.
AB  - A study was made of the effect of GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) inhibitors on the in
      vitro release of prolactin by pituitaries of male and female rats. Aminooxyacetic
      acid (AOAA) and gamma-acetylenic GABA (GAG) added to the incubation medium
      decreased prolactin release from both male and female rat pituitaries. Additive
      effects on prolactin release were only observed when male rat pituitaries were
      incubated with AOAA plus GABA. Prolactin concentration in the pituitary gland was
      also decreased by AOAA in both sexes. The present results lend support to the
      idea of an inhibitory action of GABA on prolactin release by the pituitary gland.

PMID- 4043236
TI  - Induction of artificial spermiation in the fresh water Clarias batrachus (Linn.)
      by clomiphene citrate.
AB  - Intramuscular thrice a week injections of clomiphene citrate (25 micrograms/0.5
      ml/100 g body weight) were administered for a period of 3 months to the animals
      in the experimental group. The control group received 0.5 ml/100 g body weight of
      physiological saline throughout the period of experimentation (February - April).
      The control testes were in recrudescence in February, since spermatids and sperms
      came to appear in these testes from early March onwards. On the other hand, in
      the experimental group, as a result of drug administration, there was a steady
      increase in testicular size, and the spermatocytes begin to enlarge and mature
      into spermatids and sperms. This is to our knowledge, the first document of a
      commercially important male teleostean fish Clarias batrachus with high nutritive
      value being made to spermiate in the laboratory 4 months ahead of natural
      schedule, using a chemical inductor 'Clomid'.

PMID- 4043237
TI  - Short-term implantation of oestrogen into the anterior amygdaloid area of
      immature rats delays the first pubertal ovulation.
AB  - Unilateral implants containing oestradiol benzoate (OB) and cholesterol at the
      ratio of 1 + 4 were placed for 48 h either in the region of the anterior
      amygdaloid area (AAA) and nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) or in the
      anterior or posterior part of the mediocortical amygdala of immature 26-day-old
      female rats, and the age at vaginal opening and the first ovulation was recorded.
      Whereas implants located in the mediocortical amygdala did not influence the
      occurrence of ovulation or advanced it distinctively, implantation of OB into the
      AAA/NLOT resulted in a highly significant delay of the first pubertal ovulation
      that was associated with postpubertal persistent vaginal cornification in part of
      the rats.

PMID- 4043238
TI  - Acute effects of ethanol intake on the serum concentrations of parathyroid
      hormone, calcium and phosphate.
AB  - Several previous observations from animal and in-vitro studies indicate that both
      the acute and chronic ingestion of ethanol could affect calcium regulation but
      little data is available concerning the effects of ethanol in man. Twelve healthy
      male subjects drank 0.8 g ethanol/kg body weight in the form of whisky so that
      the serum ethanol concentrations reached an average of 17.4 +/- 2.5 (SD) mmol/l.
      At this time there were no significant differences for the serum concentrations
      of parathyroid hormone, calcium or phosphate. Thus, it appears that there is
      little acute effect on calcium homeostasis in man of a moderate rise of serum
      ethanol levels.

PMID- 4043239
TI  - Thyroidal thyroxine and triiodothyronine in autonomously functioning thyroid
      nodule and paranodular tissue.
AB  - Thyroidal thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroglobulin (Tg) and T4/T3
      ratio were investigated in nodular and paranodular tissue from 16 patients with
      autonomously functioning thyroid adenomas. The concentration of T4 and T3 in the
      nodule were 97.7 +/- 20.5 (Mean +/- SE) and 10.2 +/- 2.4 micrograms/g wet weight
      (w.w.). Both iodothyronines were significantly lower in paranodular tissue (22.6
      +/- 4.8 and 1.45 +/- 0.32 micrograms/g w.w., respectively), but with
      disproportionately decreased T3 which resulted in T4/T3 ratio (25.4 +/- 6.4)
      higher than in adenoma tissue (11.2 +/- 1.6). In patients with high normal or
      supranormal serum T3 concentration, thyroidal concentration of T3 in adenoma
      tissue was higher (15.6 +/- 5.0 vs. 6.3 +/- 1.2 micrograms/g w.w.) and T4/T3
      ratio lower (8.05 +/- 2.1 vs. 13.2 +/- 1.9) than in patients with normal serum
      T3. The results suggest that thyroid release of T3 from adenoma is relatively
      higher than T4 in patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and
      increased peripheral T3.

PMID- 4043240
TI  - Effects of osmotic shocks on the ultrastructure of different tissues and cell
      types.
AB  - This study deals with the effects of hyper- and hypo-osmotic media on the
      ultrastructure of four different types of cells and tissues: rat pheochromocytoma
      cells of line PC12, mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, rat kidney cortex and
      intestine. Application of hyper-osmotic conditions induces in the nuclear
      compartment of the tested cell types a condensation of chromatin, a ruffling of
      the nuclear envelope with loosening of condensed chromatin from the lamina, and
      an apparent loss of nucleolar fibrillar component which disappears in a
      background of diffuse granular material. In hypo-osmotic media, there is a marked
      decondensation of chromatin and a fragmentation of the granular material of the
      nucleolus. As far as the cytoplasmic compartment is concerned, the electron
      density of the cytosol is markedly increasing when going from hypo- to hyper
      osmotic conditions and there is no vacuolization in hypo-osmotic media. In kidney
      cortex slices, application of hypo-osmotic shocks further results in a marked
      reduction of the extracellular space delimited by the infoldings of the tubular
      cells plasma membranes. These modifications are discussed in relation to the
      volume regulation process and the changes in ion concentration that occur in
      cells submitted to anisosmotic media.

PMID- 4043241
TI  - Perisinusoidal fat-storing cells are the main vitamin A storage sites in rat
      liver.
AB  - Highly purified sinusoidal (fat-storing, Kupffer and endothelial cells) and
      parenchymal cells were isolated to assess the cellular distribution of vitamin A
      in liver of adult vitamin A-sufficient rats. A modified simple procedure was
      developed for the purification of fat-storing cells from rat liver. This was
      achieved by a single centrifugation step in a two-layer density Nycodenz
      gradient. Endothelial and Kupffer cells were obtained from the same gradient and
      further purified by centrifugal elutriation. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis showed
      that fat-storing cells contained about 300-fold the amount of retinyl esters
      present in parenchymal cells on a mg cell protein basis. In fat-storing cells,
      the same retinyl esters, viz. retinyl palmitate, retinyl stearate and retinyl
      oleate, were present as in whole liver. It was also observed that, within 12 h
      after intravenous injection of chylomicron [3H]retinyl ester, most of the
      radioactivity had accumulated in the fat-storing cells. It is concluded that fat
      storing cells are the main storage sites for vitamin A in rat liver.

PMID- 4043242
TI  - Fibroblasts acquire beta-glucuronidase by direct and indirect transfer during co
      culture with macrophages.
AB  - Macrophages can transfer beta-glucuronidase directly to co-cultured fibroblasts
      during cell-to-cell contact as well as indirectly via receptor-mediated
      endocytosis. The degree of enzyme activity acquired by the deficient fibroblasts
      was determined by the ratio of donor to recipient cells and by the length of time
      for which cells were allowed to interact. Both mechanisms of transfer were
      efficient so that 70% of normal enzyme activity was restored to deficient
      fibroblasts after 24 h of co-culture. These observations show that macrophages
      have great potential as donor cells in replacement therapy for the treatment of
      inherited lysosomal enzyme deficiency diseases.

PMID- 4043243
TI  - Involvement of the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in the G1 transit
      of T51B rat liver epithelial cells.
AB  - The G0----G1 and G1----S transitions (but not the intervening events) in the G1
      phase of T51B rat liver epithelial cells in serum-stimulated confluent cultures
      required a high concentration of extracellular Ca2+ and were accompanied or
      immediately preceded by increases in the amount of EDTA-extractable protein
      kinase C, a Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme. Involvement of this Ca2+
      dependent enzyme in the two Ca2+-dependent transitions was further indicated by
      the facts that 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a compound that
      stimulated protein kinase C from T51B cells even in the absence of Ca2+, enabled
      these cells to transit G1 in Ca2+-deficient medium, while a TPA analogue (4 alpha
      phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate (4 alpha-PDD) that did not stimulate the enzyme in
      cell-free preparations did not promote G0----G1 or G1----S transit in Ca2+
      deficient medium.

PMID- 4043244
TI  - Heat-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis in L5178Y-S cells is reversed by
      caffeine.
AB  - Heating L5178Y cells for 15 min at 43 degrees C caused a decrease in
      [3H]thymidine incorporation, which could be reversed by post-treatment with 0.75
      mM caffeine in an L5178Y-S (radiation-sensitive, heat-resistant) but not in an
      L5178Y-R (radiation-resistant, heat-sensitive) strain. The reversal was
      accompanied by a sparing effect of the treatment: survival of L5178Y-S cells
      increased by a factor of 1.5. The effect of combined (heat + caffeine) treatment
      of L5178Y-R cells was cumulative.

PMID- 4043245
TI  - High diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) level in germ cells and embryos of sea
      urchin and Xenopus and its effect on DNA synthesis.
AB  - Ap4A levels in sperms, eggs and different developmental stages of sea urchin
      (Psammechinus miliaris) and (Xenopus laevis) were determined by a method based on
      ATP measurement with luciferin/luciferase after splitting diadenosine 5',5'''
      P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) into ATP and AMP. Appreciable storage pools of Ap4A
      were found in unfertilized eggs of Psammechinus and Xenopus as well as in sea
      urchin sperms. The actual Ap4A concentration of 28 microM in sperm represents the
      highest Ap4A level so far observed in eukaryotic cells. Upon fertilization an
      instant onset of de novo synthesis of Ap4A was demonstrated. Ap4A levels during
      early embryogenesis of P. miliaris and X. laevis (2.5-4 microM) are higher than
      those in exponentially growing mammalian culture cells and mammalian fetuses.
      Microinjection of Ap4A into unfertilized eggs of Psammechinus miliaris caused a 3
      7 fold increase of DNA synthesis in comparison with mock-injected eggs.

PMID- 4043246
TI  - Proliferation-associated changes in in vitro mRNA translation in the HL60 cell
      line.
AB  - In order to characterize patterns of gene expression during the proliferation
      cycle of HL60 cells, we have analysed changes in the population of mRNA available
      for translation in vitro. HL60 cells were separated into cell cycle phases by
      centrifugal elutriation, monitoring the separation with flow cytometry. RNA was
      extracted from cell fractions highly enriched in G1, S or G2+M phases and
      translated in vitro. Translation products were analysed by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. Autoradiograms were analysed by a
      computer-assisted method utilizing a drum-scanning microdensitometer. Spots were
      identified by their relative positions on the films and their relative intensity
      was estimated. Of the 159 peptides studied for cell cycle-associated changes in
      synthesis, nine showed phase-associated changes. The most significant changes
      were the accumulation of four peptides that showed maximal synthesis only in G2+M
      phases. An additional four peptides were synthesized maximally in both S and G2+M
      phases. One peptide showed maximal synthesis in S phase. These changes in gene
      expression suggest that these relatively abundant transcripts are regulated
      primarily at a quantitative level during proliferation and may be related to the
      doubling of structural proteins prior to mitosis.

PMID- 4043247
TI  - A marker of animal-vegetal polarity in the egg of the sea urchin Paracentrotus
      lividus. The pigment band.
AB  - We have examined the subequatorial accumulation of pigment granules (the so
      called 'pigment band') in the egg of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, which
      constitutes an unambiguous marker of animal-vegetal polarity. Most of the reddish
      pigment granules are situated at the periphery of the egg. They exhibit
      occasional saltatory movements and can aggregate into large patches. Pigment
      granules are retained as a band in the isolated cortex when the egg surface
      complex is isolated by shearing eggs attached to polylysine-coated surfaces with
      calcium-free isotonic solutions. Pigment granules remain as the main vesicular
      component of fertilized egg cortices or of unfertilized egg cortices perfused
      with calcium to provoke cortical granule exocytosis. They may be anchored to the
      isolated cortex through associations with the plasma membrane and with an
      extensive subsurface network of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER). Pigment
      granules contain antimonate-precipitable calcium and, in this respect and many
      others, resemble acidic vesicles recently identified in the cortex of unpigmented
      sea urchin eggs. We discuss the similarities observed between granules and acidic
      vesicles in various urchin egg species and their possible functions.

PMID- 4043248
TI  - Receptor-mediated uptake of horseradish peroxidase in innervated and denervated
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - The in vitro uptake of [3H]inulin and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been
      studied in innervated and 6 days denervated extensor digitorum longus muscle of
      the mouse. Both markers were taken up at a higher rate in denervated muscle. The
      increase in uptake after denervation was, however, larger for HRP than for
      [3H]inulin. After 2 h incubation at 37 degrees C, pH 7.3, in the presence of
      equimolar concentrations of HRP and [3H]inulin (approx. 2.1 microM), the uptake
      of HRP was approx. 8 times as great as the uptake of [3H]inulin in the same
      innervated muscles. In denervated muscle the HRP uptake was approx. 19 times as
      great as the [3H]inulin uptake in the same muscles. Various possible explanations
      of these differences in uptake have been considered and tested experimentally.
      [3H]Inulin uptake in skeletal muscle has previously been shown to obey bulk
      kinetics. The present investigation shows the HRP uptake to obey saturation
      kinetics. The HRP uptake shows dependency on divalent cations and is reduced if
      incubation is carried out at pH 6.4. The uptake of HRP, when used at a low, non
      saturating concentration (10 micrograms/ml approx. 0.25 microM), is inhibited
      greater than or equal to 60% by yeast mannan (0.1 mg/ml), ribonuclease B (0.1
      mg/ml, approx. 7.4 microM), mannose (30 mM), monodansylcadaverine (1 mM),
      chloroquine (100 microM), trifluoperazine (25 microM) or maleic acid (2 mM). It
      is concluded that HRP is taken up in innervated and denervated skeletal muscle by
      a process of receptor-mediated endocytosis and that this uptake is under
      neurotrophic control.

PMID- 4043250
TI  - Low pH value of pericellular medium as a factor limiting cell proliferation in
      dense cultures.
AB  - An attempt was made to determine the role of metabolic acidification of
      pericellular medium in regulating cell proliferation. A method of measuring the
      pH of pericellular medium at a distance exceeding a Debye radius of 5-10 A from
      the cell surface (pHp) was developed. The values of pHp and pH measured in the
      medium at a distance of greater than 1 cm from cells (pHm) were found to differ,
      depending on the cell population density. At a density of at least 7 X 10(5)
      cells/cm2 (maximum saturation density) and at pHm 7.4-7.6, pHp reached a value of
      approximately 6.5. It was found that pHm 6.5 was unfavorable for cell
      proliferation in sparse cultures, where pHm and pHp were equal. Based on these
      findings, low pHp as revealed in the present work using dense cultures at optimal
      pHm can be considered to be a limiting factor for cell multiplication.

PMID- 4043249
TI  - Intracellular calcium redistribution during mating in Chlamydomonas reinhardii.
AB  - Gametes of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii recognize and
      adhere to cells of the opposite mating type by flagellar contact. Adhesion
      between these specialized organelles signals a rapid series of mating events
      which result in gamete fusion. The sequence of morphological changes (flagellar
      tip activation, cell wall loss, and mating structure elongation), which occur as
      a consequence of the sexual signalling, have been characterized. The signalling
      mechanisms have, however, not been defined. Calcium is known to be involved
      during fertilization of animal species. Increased intracellular free calcium,
      which can be achieved either by calcium influx or by mobilization of ions from
      intracellular stores, has been observed during activation of both eggs and sperm.
      A recent report by Bloodgood & Levin that gametes of C. reinhardii preloaded with
      45Ca showed a transient increase in Ca efflux following mating, suggests that
      intracellular Ca redistribution may also accompany mating in this algal species.
      We have used X-ray microanalysis to analyze the subcellular distribution of bound
      calcium during mating in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. X-ray maps reveal that calcium
      is sequestered in discrete granules within the gamete cell body prior to mating
      and that during activation and cell fusion, calcium is diffuse throughout the
      cell. This suggests the possibility that calcium serves as a second messenger in
      this species.

PMID- 4043251
TI  - Evidence for regulation of actin synthesis in cytochalasin D-treated HEp-2 cells.
AB  - In HEp-2 cells treated with 0.2 or 2.0 microM cytochalasin D (CD), the relative
      rate of actin synthesis increased for about 12 h and then reached a plateau; this
      increase was suppressed by actinomycin D (AD). When CD was washed from cells
      which had been treated for 20 h, the elevated rate of actin synthesis declined to
      the control value within ca 4 h, as the actin-containing cytoskeletal components
      rearranged by CD recovered their normal morphology. Subsequently, actin synthesis
      was depressed below control values for a prolonged period; during recovery from 2
      h treatment with CD, this depression was of much shorter duration. Re-addition of
      CD to cells after a 3 h recovery period again induced the cytoskeletal
      alterations characteristic of CD treatment but did not reverse the prior decline
      in the rate of actin synthesis. In HEp-2 cells treated with cycloheximide during
      exposure to CD for 20 h, the relative rate of actin synthesis measured after
      removal of cycloheximide was twofold higher than with CD alone and such cells
      exhibited a twofold slower decline in the rate of actin synthesis during recovery
      from CD in the continued presence of cycloheximide. These effects of
      cycloheximide, which resemble observations on "super-induction", suggest that
      actin synthesis in CD-treated and recovering HEp-2 cells may be regulated by a
      repressor protein. The possibility that the proposed repressor protein is actin
      and that actin may thus be a feedback inhibitor of its own synthesis is
      discussed.

PMID- 4043252
TI  - Autophagic sequestration of [14C]sucrose introduced into isolated rat hepatocytes
      by electrical and non-electrical methods.
AB  - Isolated rat hepatocytes were found to become permeable to [14C]sucrose at 0
      degree C under three different conditions: Immediately following their liberation
      from the collagenase-perfused liver. Following a short incubation under hypoxic
      conditions. After electropermeabilisation. All three conditions were
      characterised by the formation of small protuberances (blebs) indicative of
      localised cell surface damage, and it is possible that the stretched plasma
      membrane of such blebs acted as a high-permeability region. Disappearance of
      blebs and restoration of normal plasma membrane impermeability could be achieved
      by a short (15 min) incubation at 37 degrees C. It could be shown that
      [14C]sucrose introduced into rat hepatocytes by non-electrical means was
      autophagically sequestered at the same rate as [14C]sucrose introduced
      electrically. In both cases the sequestration was inhibited by the specific
      autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine to a similar extent. The subcellular
      distribution of sequestered isotope in metrizamide/sucrose density gradients was
      found to be independent of the conditions of its introduction into cells.

PMID- 4043253
TI  - Cell growth and cell proliferation may be dissociated in the mouse uterine
      luminal epithelium treated with female sex steroids.
AB  - The mouse uterine epithelium under various hormonal regimes is a good system to
      identify biochemical events associated with cell growth, DNA synthesis and cell
      division. This is because estradiol-17 beta stimulates the cells to undergo a
      synchronized wave of DNA synthesis and cell division. Estriol, on the other hand,
      also stimulates DNA synthesis but because of the rapid loss of this hormone from
      the tissue some of the cells abort, giving a constant epithelial cell number.
      Three days of progesterone pretreatment, however, completely suppresses the
      estradiol-17 beta-induced wave of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Using
      these hormonal treatments we have shown that both estradiol-17 beta and estriol
      stimulate protein and rRNA synthesis with the concomitant increase of protein and
      rRNA per mg of DNA. These macromolecules accumulated in direct proportion to the
      fraction of cell committed to DNA synthesis. Estriol, however, did not sustain
      the growth responses and at the peak of DNA synthesis both rRNA and protein
      synthesis had returned to control levels. Progesterone pretreatment, despite
      inhibiting the proliferative response, failed to inhibit any of the estradiol-17
      beta-induced increases in protein and rRNA synthesis. Indeed 12 h after estradiol
      17 beta injection the cells had identical protein and rRNA contents, regardless
      of whether they had been exposed to progesterone or not. The present data
      therefore suggests that in the uterine epithelium cell growth as defined by
      protein and rRNA accumulation and DNA synthesis represents two independently
      regulated pathways.

PMID- 4043254
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of mitotic factors from HeLa cells.
AB  - Extracts from mitotic HeLa cells, when injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes,
      exhibit maturation-promoting activity (MPA) as evidenced by the breakdown of the
      germinal vesicle and the condensation of chromosomes. In this study we have
      attempted to purify and characterize these mitotic factors. When 0.2 M NaCl
      soluble extracts of mitotic HeLa cells were concentrated by ultrafiltration and
      subjected to affinity chromatography on hydroxylapatite followed by DNA
      cellulose, the proteins with MPA eluted as a single peak and their specific
      activity was increased approx. 200-fold compared with crude extracts. The
      molecular weight of the mitotic factors was estimated to be 100 kD as determined
      by chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. SDS-PAGE of the partially-purified mitotic
      factors indicated the presence of several polypeptides ranging from 40-150 kD
      with a major band of about 50 kD. The majority of these polypeptides were found
      to be phosphoproteins as revealed by 32P-labeling and autoradiography. Very
      little or no phosphorylation was observed at the 50 kD band. Several of these
      polypeptides were reactive with mitosis-specific monoclonal antibodies, MPM-1 or
      MPM-2, as shown by immunoblots of these proteins but the major polypeptide band
      at 50 kD was not. Removal of the immunoreactive polypeptides by precipitation
      with these antibodies did not destroy the MPA. The MPA of the crude or the
      partially-purified mitotic factors was destroyed by injection of (but not
      pretreatment with) alkaline phosphatase within 45 min after injection of mitotic
      factors. These results are discussed in terms of a possible role of
      phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of non-histone proteins in the regulation of
      mitosis and meiosis.

PMID- 4043256
TI  - Persistence of the competent state in mouse fibroblasts is independent of c-fos
      and c-myc expression.
AB  - Induction of competence in quiescent fibroblasts by platelet-derived growth
      factor (PDGF) is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the expression of c-fos
      and c-myc genes. However, the maintenance of the competent state and progression
      through G1 does not require high expression of these proto-oncogenes. These
      results suggest that the induction of c-fos and c-myc by growth factors in
      quiescent fibroblasts may be required to render the cells competent for
      progression.

PMID- 4043255
TI  - Coordinate release of myosin and a high molecular weight microtubule-associated
      protein from PC12 cytoskeletons by ATP.
AB  - The association of two high molecular weight (HMW) structural proteins with the
      cytoskeletons of rat pheochromocytoma cells, PC12, is regulated by ATP and other
      nucleotides. Exposure of PC12 cytoskeletons to ATP resulted in the selective
      solubilization of two HMW proteins, identified as myosin and a 280 kD microtubule
      associated protein. These two proteins were rapidly released from the
      cytoskeleton following incubation with ATP, GTP, CTP, and ADP; non-hydrolysable
      ATP analog caused protein release to a less marked extent. The effect of the
      latter two nucleotides indicated that the release of the myosin and the HMW
      microtubule-associated protein was likely to be the result of nucleotide-induced
      conformational changes in one or both proteins. Myosin and the HMW microtubule
      associated proteins interact with actin in vitro in a nucleotide-sensitive
      manner. The present data demonstrate that similar interactions are likely to
      exist within the intact cytoskeleton and suggest that the associations of these
      structural proteins with the cytoskeleton are regulated by common mechanisms. The
      results also suggest that the cells may differentially regulate the stability of
      a subset of these structural proteins in their interactions with other
      cytoskeletal elements.

PMID- 4043257
TI  - Erythroid progenitors in Rauscher leukemia virus variant-A-induced erythropoietic
      dysplasia in mice.
AB  - In vitro erythropoiesis by bone marrow and spleen cells was assessed in normal
      mice and during progression of Rauscher leukemia virus, variant-A (RLV-A) disease
      in mice. As RLV-A disease progressed from early through terminal stages, there
      was a marked increase in the numbers of in vitro splenic CFU-E and BFU-E.
      Conversely, bone marrow CFU-E and BFU-E demonstrated a concomitant decrease in
      numbers with disease progression. At no time were erythropoietin-independent
      (endogenous) erythroid colonies generated. The results suggest that compartmental
      alterations in erythroid precursors occur during progression of RLV-A.

PMID- 4043258
TI  - A technique for the daily examination of spleen colonies in mice.
AB  - We have developed a surgical method and an insertable device for viewing the
      daily changes in number, shape, and development of hemopoietic spleen colonies in
      mice. With it we have been able to follow the spleen colony changes in individual
      animals over the period when macroscopic or moderately magnified counts of spleen
      colonies are customarily made. We have found that about half of the spleen
      colonies present on day 8 after transplantation do remain through day 12, while
      an approximately equal number disappear during this period. Further, the colonies
      that disappear are replaced by an equal or larger number of newly developing
      colonies at roughly the same temporal sequence as their disappearance. We
      speculate that these late-appearing colonies may be late arrivals from the
      recipient's previously seeded bone marrow.

PMID- 4043259
TI  - Stimulation of normal rat bone marrow fibroblast proliferation by sera from
      leukemic Fischer rats.
AB  - Fibroblast hyperplasia and accumulation of fibrous material in the bone marrow of
      patients with idiopathic (primary) or secondary myelofibrosis (MF) is believed to
      result from a reaction by marrow fibroblasts to an altered marrow
      microenvironment, the alteration being potentiated by abnormal hemic cells. We
      investigated the hypothesis that humoral factors might contribute to fibroblast
      overgrowth in MF by using an animal model, aged Fischer rats, where MF frequently
      occurs with leukemia. Sera from leukemic rats and leukemic cell conditioned media
      (CM) were assayed for enhancement of normal rat marrow fibroblast proliferation
      in a culture system where fibroblasts form discrete, adherent colonies. Our
      results demonstrated that: leukemic sera induced a 170% increase in total
      fibroblast colony numbers and a 325% increase in colonies containing more than 80
      cells, stimulation of fibroblast growth was leukemia related since sera from rats
      with transplanted leukemia enhanced marrow fibroblast proliferation, leukemic
      cell CM did not contain a growth factor for marrow fibroblasts, sera from
      leukemic rats and 2-mercaptoethanol were additive in enhancing marrow fibroblast
      proliferation and probably act by different mechanisms, and leukemic rat sera was
      less effective as a colony-stimulating factor than normal rat sera, a condition
      mimicked when leukemic and normal spleen CM were compared. This is the first time
      that a serum component has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MF; our work
      may contribute to understanding the mechanism involved when MF occurs as a
      complication of leukemia.

PMID- 4043260
TI  - Preparation of human erythropoietin for tissue culture.
AB  - A simple two-step procedure has been developed for the production of human
      urinary erythropoietin suitable for tissue culture use. Lyophilized human urinary
      protein was fractionated by phenyl-Sepharose chromatography, the erythropoietin
      binding in 2 M lithium chloride and being eluted by an ascending linear gradient
      to 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. The erythropoietin was further purified by
      ethanol (75% vol/vol) precipitation. This two-step procedure resulted in a 25
      fold purification of erythropoietin with a 50% recovery of the starting activity.
      The erythropoietin preparation was suitable for use in murine or human cultures,
      being free of protease activity, inhibitory factors, colony-stimulating factors,
      and erythroid-enhancing activities.

PMID- 4043261
TI  - Visualization of fluorescent erythrocytes in the microcirculation.
AB  - Erythrocytes loaded internally with FITC-BSA can be readily visualized in the
      microcirculation by using a television camera and a fluorescence microscope. Flow
      properties of the erythrocytes and their adherence to the vascular endothelium or
      erythrophagocytic cells can be observed. This procedure should also be useful to
      delineate the microcirculation under circumstances where infused free FITC-BSA
      can escape into the interstitial tissue.

PMID- 4043262
TI  - Independence of megakaryocyte number and size in long-term cultures of normal
      mouse marrow.
AB  - Megakaryocytopoiesis was evaluated in long-term cultures of normal murine marrow
      to determine whether the number and size of megakaryocytes were independent or
      interdependent. Numbers of megakaryocytes and granulocytes varied widely in
      different experiments, due, in part, to varying concentrations of hydrocortisone
      in the culture medium. The sizes of acetylcholinesterase-positive cells were the
      same in cultures with as much as a 20-fold difference in megakaryocyte numbers.
      These results indicate that, in the closed culture system containing normal
      stromal cells, megakaryocyte size and number are not reciprocal as they were in
      many previously reported cultures of S1/S1d mouse marrow. The results suggest
      that separate stromal functions may determine precursor cell proliferation and
      nuclear endomitosis in megakaryocytes in vitro. The relationship of these
      findings to regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis in vivo remains speculative.

PMID- 4043263
TI  - Increased 2,5-adenylate synthetase activity in the spleens of BALB/c mice during
      hypoxia-stimulated erythropoiesis.
AB  - In response to prolonged, intermittent exposure to hypoxia, the spleens of adult
      BALB/c mice displayed an initial increase and subsequent decrease in
      erythropoietic activity. The enzyme 2,5-adenylate synthetase was assayed during
      this period, and a direct relationship was found between the rate of red cell
      production and enzyme activity; that is, 2,5-adenylate synthetase activity was
      maximum in the spleen cell populations that contained the largest number of
      nucleated erythroid cells and minimum in those populations that contained the
      fewest nucleated erythroid cells. In contrast to this finding, synthetase
      activity was inversely related to the number of lymphocytes present in these
      spleen cell populations. On the basis of these observations, it appears that 2,5
      adenylate synthetase is present in nucleated erythroid cells. If active in late
      erythroblasts, 2,5-adenylate synthetase may function as an inhibitor of DNA
      synthesis and/or hemoglobin synthesis.

PMID- 4043264
TI  - Purification of human urinary erythropoietin on controlled-pore glass and silicic
      acid.
AB  - Erythropoietin (Epo) has been isolated from raw human urine of anemic patients by
      controlled-pore glass and silicic acid chromatography. A purification factor of
      not less than 100-fold and recovery of about 80% of activity was routinely
      achieved. The resulting Epo preparation is active both in vivo and in vitro and
      can be neutralized by an antibody to human Epo indicating the native state and
      identity of the isolated Epo molecule. The preparation is stable at near neutral
      pH and is amenable to further purification.

PMID- 4043265
TI  - Cyclosporin-A radioimmunoassay: a modified method for whole blood determination.
AB  - Cyclosporin-A levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in plasma or whole
      blood, using split samples collected from patients receiving this agent as the
      only form of immunosuppression following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
      In the plasma assay the temperature at which centrifugation took place was
      critical since the mean levels were approximately 30% higher with separation at
      37 degrees C in comparison to 20 degrees C or lower. Furthermore, the level in
      whole blood samples was 2.4 times higher than that from the matching serum. In
      addition, anticoagulated blood that had been frozen and then thawed was
      technically more difficult to pipette and resulted in a recovery of only 83% of
      the cyclosporin when compared with assay using fresh blood. In contrast,
      consistent measurements were obtained either when whole blood was stored at 4
      degrees C and then well mixed and diluted in buffer immediately prior to use or
      when such buffered samples were frozen and thawed immediately before analysis.
      The latter modifications render the whole blood assay a practical and reliable
      means for monitoring cyclosporin-A concentrations and may avoid excessive and the
      potentially nephrotoxic levels achieved when plasma levels are held in ranges
      previously considered therapeutic.

PMID- 4043266
TI  - Characterization of murine erythropoietin.
AB  - Although erythropoietins from human and sheep sources have been purified, a mouse
      erythropoietin remains essentially uncharacterized despite the fact that the
      mouse is most commonly used to assay for erythropoietin. Because other murine
      growth factors may have erythropoietic activity it will be essential to compare
      these with erythropoietin from murine sources rather than from other species.
      Here we compare the physicochemical properties and some of the bioactivities of
      erythropoietins from anemic mouse serum and human urine in parallel
      fractionations. Both molecules showed similar molecular weights (40-45,000) by
      gel filtration and similar retention characteristics on reverse-phase high
      performance columns. However, they differed in their relative solubility in
      ammonium sulfate, hydrophobicity on phenyl-Sepharose, and in their ability to
      bind to a phenyl-boronate agarose column. Despite these differences the two
      molecules stimulated the same number of CFU-E in the mouse fetal liver assay and
      did so with similar dose-response relationships. The data indicate that putative
      murine erythropoietic stimuli must be compared with murine erythropoietin and not
      human urine erythropoietin before concluding, on the basis of fractionation
      results, that a factor is different from erythropoietin.

PMID- 4043267
TI  - Separation of human blast progenitors from granulocytic, erythroid,
      megakaryocytic, and mixed colony-forming cells by "panning" on cultured marrow
      derived stromal layers.
AB  - Primitive myeloid progenitor cells will adhere to stromal feeder layers of human
      bone-marrow-derived adherent cells grown in the presence of methylprednisolone
      (MP+ layers). These progenitors form colonies of blast cells on the MP+ stromal
      layers, but not on stromal layers grown in the absence of MP (MP- layers). The
      present study was designed to determine whether this failure of colony formation
      was caused by inability of the progenitors to adhere to the MP- layers or
      inability to proliferate in their presence. We also compared the capacities of
      the blast progenitors to adhere to MP+ and MP- stromal cells with those of mixed
      (GEMM-CFC), erythroid (BFU-E), megakaryocytic (Mk-CFC), and granulocyte
      macrophage (GM-CFC) colony-forming cells. Incubation of bone marrow mononuclear
      cells with MP+ stromal layers removed 90% of the blast progenitors, but did not
      remove the majority of the GEMM-CFC, BFU-E, Mk-CFC, and GM-CFC; incubation of
      bone marrow mononuclear cells with MP- stromal layers did not remove the blast
      progenitors or the GEMM-CFC, BFU-E, Mk-CFC, and GM-CFC. Thus, the blast
      progenitors adhere to MP+ stromal feeder layers, but not to MP- stromal layers.
      In this respect they differ from the other more mature colony-forming cells that
      do not show any marked tendency to adhere to either type of stromal layer.

PMID- 4043268
TI  - Hemopoiesis in cellulose ester membrane: characterization of the epilayer
      responsible for recognition and lodgement of hemopoietic cells.
AB  - Following intraperitoneal (i.p.) insertion of cellulose ester membranes in the
      mouse, the membranes develop a cellular coat that after sublethal irradiation and
      i.p. infusion of marrow cells supports the growth of hemopoietic colonies. The
      uppermost layer of this cellular coat (the epilayer) becomes extremely attenuated
      and develops numerous microvilli that interact with infused cells to trap and
      lodge them. This phenomenon is analogous to specific lodging of hemopoietic stem
      cells in the marrow after bone marrow transplantation. The mechanism of this
      interaction is not clear, but attention has recently focused on specific
      interaction of sugar residues of membrane glycoproteins. We have characterized
      the free surface of this epilayer with various lectins, glycosylated ferritins,
      and antifactor VIII antibody. There is strong binding of the three lectins
      Ricinis communis agglutinin (RCA II), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and wheat germ
      agglutinin (WGA), but not Ulex europeaus agglutinin, concanavalin A, the tested
      glycosylated ferritins, or antifactor VIII antibody. The highest density of
      binding is on microvilli. Since marrow sinus endothelium also strongly binds RCA
      II, PHA, and WGA, it is possible that the sugar residues of membrane
      glycoproteins specifically binding these lectins are responsible for cellular and
      molecular recognition and transport across the epilayer.

PMID- 4043269
TI  - Convergent strabismic amblyopia in cats.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to determine the effects of different types of
      experimental strabismus on the acuities of retinal ganglion cells. Six kittens
      were raised from twenty-one days of age with an esotropia surgically induced by
      myectomy of the lateral rectus muscle and a large portion of the superior oblique
      muscle. The results are compared with those, previously reported, from five other
      cats also made esotropic, but by tenotomy of the lateral rectus. All animals
      tested behaviourally were amblyopic in the strabismic eye. For square wave
      gratings, the visual acuities were 1.0 to 2.5 cyc/deg through the strabismic eye
      compared with 6.0 to 7.5 cyc/deg through the non-deviating eye. The cut-off
      spatial frequencies were determined for 132 brisk sustained cells from five of
      the myectomized strabismic cats. There was a loss of approximately 20% in cut-off
      spatial frequency when compared with both normal and tenotomized cats. A
      correlate of the physiologically observed difference between the tenotomized cats
      and the myectomized cats was also found in the morphology of cells in the lateral
      geniculate nucleus. The tenotomized cats showed no evidence of cell shrinkage in
      laminae receiving a projection from the amblyopic eye whereas in the myectomized
      cats large differences were observed in cell cross-sectional areas between
      laminae receiving input from the amblyopic eye and those receiving input from the
      non-deviating eye. Together, these findings indicate that the presence of a
      neural deficit in the retina of strabismic cats is associated with the actual
      removal of extra-ocular muscle and probably has little to do with the optical
      quality of images arriving at the retina.

PMID- 4043271
TI  - Responses of cerebellar fastigial neurons to single muscle activation.
AB  - In lightly barbiturized cats, the discharges of neurons in the cerebellar
      fastigial nucleus (CBM) were recorded while single muscles in ipsilateral
      forelimb were activated by direct stimulation. The aim was to verify whether CBM
      cells could selectively detect the activity of afferent fibers from a muscle or a
      joint and to compare the various response characteristics of the rostral and the
      caudal division of the nucleus, which are known to control a different muscular
      periphery. Six muscles were routinely tested, two axial, two proximal and two
      distal ones. A good percentage of neurons in both partitions of the nucleus
      responded to the muscles tested (53% and 48% in the rostral and caudal part,
      respectively). In the rostral part of CBM a large proportion of cells (78% of
      those responsive) were influenced by one or more muscles having either the same
      function (the extensors or flexors) or acting on the same joint. Many such
      neurons showed a marked capability to respond to activation of distal muscles and
      a prevalence of inhibitory responses mainly on contraction of extensor and axial
      muscles. In the caudal division of the nucleus, 47% of the responsive cells
      displayed a stereotyped discharge pattern (excitatory or inhibitory) in response
      to activation of any tested muscle. In contrast to the rostral CBM the incidence
      of responses to proximal and distal muscles was about equal in the caudal CBM and
      a majority of neurons had excitatory responses to flexor muscle contraction. The
      latencies of the excitatory effects ranged from 8 to 53 ms in rostral and 9 up to
      69 ms in caudal CBM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043270
TI  - Classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response of the rabbit. III.
      Connections of cerebellar lobule HVI.
AB  - We report the connections of cerebellar cortical lobule HVI in the rabbit. We
      have studied the anterograde and retrograde transport of wheatgerm-agglutinated
      horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) following its injection into HVI to reveal
      efferent and afferent connections. All of the cases showed strong anterograde
      transport to the anterior interpositus nucleus (AIP) - indicating that this is
      the major efferent target of HVI. Retrogradely labelled cells were found in the
      inferior olivary, spinal trigeminal, lateral reticular, inferior vestibular and
      pontine nuclei. Within the olive, the medial part of the rostral dorsal accessory
      olive (DAO) and the adjacent medial part of the principal olive (PO) were
      consistently labelled in all cases. This area is known to receive somatosensory
      information from the face and neck. There was no projection to the hemispheral
      part of lobule VI from visual parts of the olive within the dorsal cap and medial
      parts of the medial accessory olive. Likely sources of visual and auditory
      information to HVI are the dorsolateral basilar pontine nuclei and nucleus
      reticularis tegmenti pontis, which were densely labelled in all cases. These
      anatomical findings are consistent with the suggestion that, during NMR
      conditioning, information related to the periorbital shock unconditional stimulus
      (US) may be provided by climbing fibres to HVI and light and white noise
      conditional stimulus (CS) information may be supplied by pontine mossy fibres.

PMID- 4043273
TI  - Simple cells in cat striate cortex: responses to stationary flashing and to
      moving light bars.
AB  - Cells in the simple family respond to a moving light bar with an average response
      histogram that is most commonly unimodal (single peak: encounter frequency, 64%)
      and less commonly bimodal (33%) or trimodal (3%). The mean width of the principal
      response peak given by hypercomplex I cells is narrower than that of simple cells
      and they have a lower mean optimal stimulus velocity. In a series of 74 cells
      (simple, 47; hypercomplex I, 27), detailed comparison of the spatial relations
      between the response peaks to the moving bar and the subregions to the stationary
      flashing bar led to the concept of a boundary response. The term "boundary
      response" refers to an isolated response peak occurring as a moving light bar
      leaves an OFF subregion that is the last in the sequence of subregions traversed
      by the bar. The presence of a boundary response leads to an apparent discrepancy
      between the number of response peaks to a moving light bar and the number of ON
      subregions in the static-field plot. The boundary response is necessarily
      completely direction selective. A detailed comparison of the properties of cells
      as revealed by hand and quantitative methods showed a very good agreement between
      the two methods in respect to the assignment of cells to the simple, B- and
      complex cell families. There were, however, serious discrepancies in respect to
      the receptive field organization of cells in the simple family.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043272
TI  - Spatial organization of subregions in receptive fields of simple cells in cat
      striate cortex as revealed by stationary flashing bars and moving edges.
AB  - For each of 74 simple striate cells a quantitative analysis was made of the width
      dimensions and spatial arrangements of the subregions responding either at light
      on (ON subregion) or at light off (OFF subregion). It was concluded that every
      cell has at least two and no more than four subregions. Cells with two subregions
      (57%) were much more commonly encountered than those with three (32%) or four
      (11%). For most cells adjacent subregions were significantly overlapped, the
      region of overlap responding both at light on and at light off. In the case of
      cells with two subregions, the overlap averaged 32% of the overall width of the
      two subregions. Despite the degree of the overlap, there was, on this basis,
      still a large measure of discrimination between cells in the simple family and
      those in the B-cell and complex families. In general the receptive field profiles
      of cells with three and four subregions were only marginally wider than those
      with only two subregions. In any given receptive field, the subregions tend to be
      roughly equal in width so that, in cells with four subregions, the subregions
      are, on the average, distinctly narrower than they are in cells with only two.
      Hypercomplex I cells tend to have receptive fields with three and four subregions
      much more commonly than simple cells and these cells are encountered much more
      frequently in cortical cell laminae 2, 3 and 4 than in lamina 6. In lamina 6 most
      of the cells in the simple family have receptive fields with only two subregions.
      The width dimensions and spatial sequences of the response peaks to moving light
      and dark edges were quantitatively analyzed in response profiles prepared from 82
      cells. In general, for any given receptive field, the response peaks to moving
      edges have a one-to-one correspondence with the subregions to a stationary
      flashing bar. When this is not the case, the tendency is for the number of
      response peaks to edges to be less than the number of subregions rather than
      more.

PMID- 4043274
TI  - The organization of eye and limb movements during unrestricted reaching to
      targets in contralateral and ipsilateral visual space.
AB  - The spatial and temporal organization of unrestricted limb movements directed to
      small visual targets was examined in two separate experiments. Videotape records
      of the subjects' performance allowed us to analyze the trajectory of the limb
      movement through 3-dimensional space. Horizontal eye movements during reaching
      were measured by infrared corneal reflection. In both experiments, the
      trajectories of the different reaches approximated straight line paths and the
      velocity profile revealed an initial rapid acceleration followed by a prolonged
      period of deceleration. In Experiment 1, in which the target light was presented
      to the right or left of a central fixation point at either 10 degrees or 20
      degrees eccentricity, the most consistent differences were observed between
      reaches directed across the body axis to targets presented in the contralateral
      visual field and reaches directed at ipsilateral targets. Ipsilateral reaches
      were initiated more quickly, were completed more rapidly, and were more accurate
      than contralateral reaches. While these findings suggest that hemispherically
      organized neural systems are involved in the programming of visually guided limb
      movements, it was not clear whether the inefficiency of the contralateral
      movements was due to reaching across the body axis or reaching into the visual
      hemifield contralateral to the hand being used. Therefore, in Experiment 2, the
      position of the fixation point was varied such that the effects of visual field
      and body axis could be disembedded. In this experiment, the kinematics of the
      reaching movement were shown to be independent of the point of visual fixation
      and varied only as a function of the laterality of the target position relative
      to the body axis. This finding suggests that the kinematics of a reaching
      movement are determined by differences in the processing of neural systems
      associated with motor output, after the target has been localized in space. The
      effect of target laterality on response latency and accuracy, however, could not
      be attributed to a single frame of reference, or to a simple additive effect of
      both. These findings illustrate the complex integration of visual spatial
      information which must take place in order to reach accurately to goal objects in
      extrapersonal space. Comparison of ocular and manual performance revealed a close
      relationship between movement latency for both motor systems. Thus, rightward
      going eye movements to a given target were initiated more quickly when
      accompanied by reaches with the right hand than when they were accompanied by
      reaches with the left hand.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4043275
TI  - Efferent connections of area 20 in the cat: HRP-WGA and autoradiographic studies.
AB  - Following injections of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin conjugate
      (HRP-WGA) and tritiated leucine into area 20 of the cat, terminal labeling was
      observed in visual areas 19, 21, the splenial visual area, the lateral
      suprasylvian area as well as in premotor, association and limbic related cerebral
      cortical regions. Labeled terminals in the subcortex were distributed in the
      caudate nucleus, the claustrum, the putamen, the anterior ventral nucleus, the
      intralaminar nuclei, the caudal division of the intermediate lateral nucleus, the
      lateralis posterior-pulvinar complex, the parvocellular C laminae of the dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. In HRP-WGA
      preparations, retrogradely labeled somata were observed in these regions with the
      exception of certain subcortical structures. The projections are discussed with
      respect to the possible role area 20 plays in the cortical control of pupillary
      constriction.

PMID- 4043276
TI  - Distribution of neurons related to a hindlimb as opposed to forelimb movement in
      the monkey premotor cortex.
AB  - Single cell recordings were made from the premotor cortex (lateral part of area
      6) of a monkey trained to perform either a distal hindlimb or forelimb movement
      separately. Out of 175 movement-related neurons, 59 neurons showed modulation of
      activity only prior to the hindlimb movement, and the majority of them was
      distributed in a focal region around the superior precentral sulcus, several mm
      posteromedial to the genu of the arcuate sulcus. The hindlimb focus was separate
      from a focal region for forelimb movement-related neurons, which lay immediately
      posterior to the genu of the arcuate sulcus.

PMID- 4043277
TI  - Binocular depth perception in the cat following early corpus callosum section.
AB  - The role of the corpus callosum in the mediation of binocular depth perception
      was examined by measuring monocular and binocular depth discrimination thresholds
      in cats which had undergone section of the corpus callosum shortly after birth.
      Three kittens had the posterior callosum sectioned at the age of eleven days. A
      fourth kitten underwent a sham operation and one additional animal served
      initially as an unoperated control. Monocular and binocular depth thresholds were
      measured for all kittens when they were between three and five months old.
      Although there was some individual variability, none of the callosum-sectioned
      kittens showed any deficits of binocular depth perception relative to normal
      animals. The initially unoperated kitten had its callosum sectioned at five
      months and was retested following surgery. Its performance did not change from
      preoperated levels. Finally, the three neonatal callosum-sectioned kittens
      underwent section of the optic chiasm when they were six months old, causing a
      complete breakdown in binocular depth discrimination. The results are interpreted
      to indicate that although the corpus callosum may be a sufficient pathway for the
      maintenance of stereopsis in cat, it is not necessary.

PMID- 4043278
TI  - Cutaneous facilitation of transmission in Ib reflex pathways in the human upper
      limb.
AB  - Group I effects from wrist extensors to flexors, i.e. an early inhibition
      followed by a relative facilitation which are thought to be Ia and Ib in origin
      respectively, were compared in control conditions and when preceded by a weak
      cutaneous stimulation. Stimulating the skin of the dorsal side of fingers II-III,
      which did not modify the test reflex size when applied alone, increased Ib
      facilitation. By contrast this Ib effect was not changed by stimulation of the
      skin of the palmar side. It has previously been shown that heteronymous Ib
      inhibition in the lower limb during voluntary contraction is facilitated by
      cutaneous stimulation from restricted receptive fields. Thus, present results
      lend support to the idea that cutaneous facilitation of transmission in Ib reflex
      pathways might be functional in curtailing exploratory movements.

PMID- 4043279
TI  - Properties of end-zone inhibition of hypercomplex cells in cat striate cortex.
AB  - The response properties of 96 striate cells in anaesthetized and paralyzed cats
      were examined by using narrow optimally-oriented light bars moved in the
      preferred direction at optimal velocity. The bar was lengthened systematically at
      both ends to plot and analyze bilateral length-response curves. We found a linear
      relationship between the maximum slope of the inhibitory phase of the curve and
      the strength of the end-zone inhibition for both cell families: simple and B
      cells. This observation indicates that the length of the two end-zones as given
      by a bilateral length-response curve is approximately constant regardless of the
      strength of the end-zone inhibition for a change in the strength of the
      inhibition from 10 to 100%.

PMID- 4043280
TI  - Spinal cord grafts in oculo: survival, growth, histological organization and
      electrophysiological characteristics.
AB  - Fetal spinal cord tissue was grafted to the anterior chamber of the eye of adult
      recipients. Transverse segments from the cervical and high thoracic levels were
      divided in halves which were grafted directly or further divided into ventral
      horn and dorsal horn parts before grafting. Survival and intraocular growth was
      monitored through the cornea. Grafts from E14 to E16 grew to final sizes several
      times the initial size. The final size of E17 grafts was approximately similar to
      the initial size, while the final size of E18 and E19 grafts was considerably
      smaller than the size at grafting. All grafts were well vascularized from the
      host iris. Grafts from younger donors contained several neurons typical of spinal
      cord including alpha-moto-neuron-type cells. Cells were found in clusters in gray
      matter areas surrounded by white matter. Extracellular recording revealed many
      spontaneously active cells. Several had high sustained discharge (10-25 Hz) and
      large amplitudes. Many cells could be excited by stimulation of the graft surface
      via activation of local afferents. It is concluded that the capacity of fetal
      spinal cord tissue to survive grafting to the eye chamber is inversely related to
      the donor age. Before E17, large grafts retaining several morphological and
      electrophysiological characteristics of spinal cord are obtained. The intraocular
      spinal cord graft provides a useful model for studies of spinal cord development
      and, using co-grafting techniques, a model for spinal cord regeneration and
      functional connectivity.

PMID- 4043281
TI  - Potent depressant effects of adenosine analogs on hippocampal slow-wave activity
      in the unanesthetized rat.
AB  - Adenosine and its analogs have previously been shown to exert a depressant effect
      on several measures of hippocampal excitability in the hippocampal slice and
      intact anesthetized preparation. In the present report, we examined the effects
      of intraventricular injections of adenosine analogs on hippocampal slow-wave
      activity in the freely moving rat. Each of three adenosine analogs-5'-N
      ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) and N6-(phenylisopropyl) adenosine (L- and D
      PIA)--were found to strongly suppress hippocampal electroencephalographic (EEG)
      activity. For instance, low doses of NECA (0.5 micrograms) produced an 80-90%
      decrease in the amplitude of the hippocampal EEG. NECA was approximately 20-fold
      more potent than L-PIA, and L-PIA was twice the potency of D-PIA. In separate
      experiments in the anesthetized rat, NECA and L-PIA were found to block
      completely the activation of the hippocampal theta rhythm elicited with brain
      stem stimulation. The effects of adenosine analogs on both the hippocampal EEG
      and theta rhythm were very effectively reversed with methylxanthine, 8-para
      sulphophenyl-theophylline (8-PSPT). The present findings demonstrate that
      adenosine analogs exert a powerful depressant effect on the hippocampal EEG in
      the natural unanesthetized state, and suggest that changes in the levels of
      endogenous adenosine may play a significant role in modulating the normal
      activity and function of the hippocampus.

PMID- 4043282
TI  - Regenerative potentials in rat neostriatal neurons in an in vitro slice
      preparation.
AB  - Regenerative potentials in rat neostriatal neurons were studied using the in
      vitro slice preparation. Some of the recorded neurons were intracellularly
      labeled with HRP. All had the morphological characteristics of the medium spiny
      neuron. Application of TTX (10(-5) g/ml) to the superfusing medium abolished fast
      action potentials generated by intracellularly injected depolarizing current.
      Application of TEA prolonged the spike duration by decreasing its repolarizing
      rate without affecting rising phase. After suppression of K-conductance by TEA,
      depolarizing current elicited both fast and slow all or none action potentials.
      Combined treatment with TTX and TEA revealed two types of depolarizing
      potentials, a slowly rising graded depolarizing potential and slow action
      potential. Substitution of Ca++ with Mg++ in the medium diminished the amplitude
      of these potentials. They were also blocked by application of Co++ into the
      superfusion medium. The duration of slow action potentials were increased with
      increase in the intensity of current pulse, with decrease in the resting membrane
      potential, and with increase in the concentration of TEA in the bathing medium.
      In the normal Ringer solution, local stimulation elicited depolarizing
      postsynaptic responses (DPSPs). Large DPSPs evoked by strong local stimulation
      triggered one or two fast action potentials. In some neurons, large DPSPs could
      trigger both fast and slow action potentials. They were consistently triggered
      after application of TEA (1 mM) to the medium. When a relatively high
      concentration of TEA (4 mM) was applied to the Ringer solution, locally evoked
      DPSPs could trigger only slow action potentials. In double stimulation
      experiments, a large reduction in the amplitude and the duration of test DPSPs
      was observed up to about 150 ms interstimulus interval.

PMID- 4043283
TI  - The pattern specificity of velocity aftereffects.
AB  - Interactions between two different visual patterns, a coarse grating and a fine
      texture pattern, were investigated in the context of velocity aftereffects in
      human subjects. The perceived velocity shift, in which the perceived velocity of
      a moving test pattern is reduced following exposure to a similarly moving
      adaptation pattern, is apparent when the adaptation and test patterns are of the
      same or different types. The aftereffect transfers interocularly in both cases.
      The directional tuning of the aftereffect is broad, and has a different profile
      for texture adaptation than for bar adaptation. When adaptation is to a composite
      stimulus comprising independently moving bars and texture, the aftereffect varies
      according to the nature of the test pattern. The results are discussed with
      reference to interactions between the responses of neurones in feline striate
      cortex to the two types of pattern.

PMID- 4043284
TI  - Developmental genetics of the retina: evidence that the pearl mutation in the
      mouse affects the time course of natural cell death in the ganglion cell layer.
AB  - The time course of natural cell death was studied postnatally in the ganglion
      cell and inner plexiform layers of the retina in the developing mouse. We
      examined congenic wild-type, albino and pearl mutants from birth to 12 days of
      age. In both wild-type and albino mice, natural cell death proceeded with an
      increasing rate from birth to a peak 6 days after birth, and with a decreasing
      rate thereafter. In contrast, cell death in pearl mutants proceeded with
      essentially a decreasing rate postnatally. The populations of neurones and glial
      cells in the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers of the retina were also
      determined in adult mice. It was shown that pearl mutants had a slightly smaller
      number of cells in those layers than both wildtype and albino mice, and that the
      difference was probably due entirely to the numbers of neurones. We conclude that
      the pearl mutation in the mouse affects the timing of developmental cell death,
      but the effect is not directly related to the amount of pigment in the eye.

PMID- 4043285
TI  - Classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response of the rabbit. I.
      Lesions of the cerebellar nuclei.
AB  - The classically conditioned nictitating membrane response (NMR) of the rabbit, a
      simple form of associative motor learning, is crucially dependent upon the
      cerebellum. Discrete unilateral lesions of the cerebellar nuclei were made in 20
      rabbits. Lesions of the anterior interpositus nucleus (IA) abolished NMR
      conditioning to light and white noise stimuli on the side of the lesion without
      affecting unconditional responses. Lesions of the posterior interpositus nucleus,
      fastigial and dentate nuclei were without effect upon NMR conditioning.

PMID- 4043286
TI  - Classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response of the rabbit. II.
      Lesions of the cerebellar cortex.
AB  - The nictitating membrane response (NMR) of 20 rabbits was conditioned to light
      and white noise conditional stimuli (CSs) using a periorbital shock unconditional
      stimulus (US). Unilateral lesions of the cerebellar cortex, sparing the
      underlying deep nuclei, were then made. Small lesions of cerebellar cortical
      lobule HVI abolished conditioning on the side of the lesion to both CSs leaving
      unconditional responses to the US intact. Larger lesions of the posterior lobe
      which spared HVI did not impair NMR conditioning. We conclude that cerebellar
      lobule HVI is essential for NMR conditioning in the rabbit. Degeneration
      following critical lesions of HVI was seen in a restricted region of the inferior
      olive - the medial part of the dorsal accessory olive and the adjoining medial
      part of the dorsal leaf of the principal olive. This region of the olive provides
      somatosensory information from the face to HVI. We suggest that HVI receives
      information related to the US via climbing fibres from the olive and CS
      information via mossy fibres from the pontine nuclei. The critical changes
      underlying NMR conditioning may be the association of these two inputs at the
      Purkinje cells of cortical lobule HVI.

PMID- 4043287
TI  - Respiratory roles of genioglossus, sternothyroid, and sternohyoid muscles during
      sleep.
AB  - We examined the respiratory activity of the genioglossus, sternothyroid, and
      sternohyoid muscles of the rat during nonrapid eye movement (non-REM) and REM
      sleep. Each animal carried implanted electrodes for recording the integrated EMG
      activity of respiratory muscles, the postural tone (EMG), and electrocortical
      activity (polygraphic identification of sleep-waking states). The three upper
      airway muscles exhibited inspiratory activity during non-REM sleep while rats
      breathed ambient air. Curled up postures promoted inspiratory activity of
      genioglossus and sternothyroid muscles, an effect enhanced by CO2 breathing but
      reduced by hypoxic breathing. During REM sleep, genioglossus and sternothyroid
      muscles lost their activity but the sternohyoid muscles retained their
      inspiratory activity. We conclude that the genioglossus and sternothyroid muscles
      contribute to upper airway patency during non-REM sleep, an effect CO2 augments
      but hypoxia reduces. The sternohyoid muscles have at least two functions during
      both sleep states: they contribute to maintenance of upper airway patency and to
      rib cage fixation, thereby optimizing the ventilatory action of the diaphragm.

PMID- 4043288
TI  - Trunk position sense in the frontal plane.
AB  - Twenty healthy volunteers (ages 18 to 25 years) were tested for their ability to
      sense the lateral position of the top of their thoracic spine. When moved slowly
      from side-to-side in the frontal plane with vision occluded and pelvis
      immobilized, they could sense the position of a midline point on the skin at the
      T1 level to within 3 mm of a mean center position in relaxed standing tests, and
      to within 9 mm in supine tests. When subjects centered themselves actively, or
      additionally, contracted trunk flexor or extensor muscles to predetermined levels
      of activity, no increase in trunk positioning accuracy was found. The effect of a
      lateral pelvic tilt or lateral trunk moment had little effect on trunk
      positioning accuracy, but always induced a characteristic trunk offset. No
      differences were found in any of these results between males or females, or
      gymnasts or nongymnasts.

PMID- 4043289
TI  - Relationship between interhemispheric nigrostriatal projections and the direction
      of rotational behavior induced by amphetamine.
AB  - This experiment dealth with the relationship between the direction of amphetamine
      induced turning and the distribution of crossed nigrostriatal projections in the
      rat. Animals that showed a high degree of asymmetry, as indicated by the
      consistency and amount of turning behavior elicited by repeated amphetamine
      administration, were implanted with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the striatum
      either ipsilateral or contralateral to their dominant direction of rotation.
      Microscopic analysis revealed a relationship between the direction of amphetamine
      induced asymmetry and the number of HRP-labeled cells found in the substantia
      nigra contralateral to the striatum into which the tracer was implanted; i.e.,
      animals with the HRP applied contralateral to their dominant turning direction
      had more labeled cells in the caudal part of the substantia nigra of the opposite
      hemisphere than those animals implanted ipsilaterally. There was no relationship
      between the direction and the number of labeled cells found in the ventral
      tegmental area and retrorubral area contralateral to the tracer implantation
      site. Moreover, there was no association between the direction of amphetamine
      induced turning and the number of labeled cells found in the homolateral
      substantia nigra, or ventral tegmental and retrorubral areas.

PMID- 4043290
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid pressure and resistance to absorption during development in
      normal and hydrocephalic mutant mice.
AB  - Hydrocephalic mutant mice and matched siblings at different ages were used to
      measure the pressure and the resistance to drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) from the lateral ventricles and from the cisterna magna with glass
      micropipets. The resting CSF pressure in normal mice increased between 1 to 2 and
      4 to 8 days after birth and subsequently decreased between 4 to 8 and 14 days
      after birth. In hydrocephalic mice the resting pressure was not significantly
      different from normal in the 1st week after birth, but by 14 days the pressure
      was significantly higher in hydrocephalic mice. For normal mice, the resistance
      from the lateral ventricles at 1 to 2 days after birth was 143.9 mm H2O min
      microliter-1 and it decreased rapidly to 62.0 at 4 to 8 days, and to 21.2 mm H2O
      min microliter-1 at 14 days. The resistance to absorption from the cisterna magna
      in normal mice declined from 94.9 to 44.4 and to 26.8 mm H2O min microliter-1 at
      1 to 2 days, 4 to 8 days, and 14 days after birth, respectively, suggesting that
      the absorptive capacity of the subarachnoid outflow sites increased during that
      period. Thus resistance measured from the lateral ventricles was significantly
      higher than that from the cisterna magna in the 1st week after birth, suggesting
      that in immature mice there is a resistance to flow of CSF through the
      ventricular system. In hydrocephalic mice the resistance measured from the
      lateral ventricles was higher than for normal animals at 181.5, 106.4, and 103.7
      mm H2O min microliter-1 for 1 to 2 days, 4 to 8 days, and 14 days, respectively.
      Resistance from the cisterna magna in hydrocephalic animals was not significantly
      different from normal at any age. Thus it is concluded that the hydrocephalus is
      associated with an obstruction to the flow of CSF from the ventricles.

PMID- 4043291
TI  - Respiratory inhibition induced by transient hypertension during sleep in
      unrestrained cats.
AB  - The effects of transient blood pressure elevation, induced by intravenous
      injection of phenylephrine, were studied in drug-free, unrestrained cats during
      sleep and waking. Transient hypertension evoked an increase in respiratory cycle
      duration (Ttot), an effect which was most prominent during quiet sleep. Transient
      hypertension evoked no overall change in inspiratory duration (Tdi) during any
      sleep-waking state, although reduction of diaphragmatic EMG amplitude was
      observed. Thus, the ratio of diaphragmatic activity time to total respiratory
      cycle duration (Tdi/Ttot) was decreased following blood pressure elevation.
      Apneic episodes occasionally occurred, and these occurrences were more frequent
      during sleep states. Apneas induced during quiet sleep were often associated with
      transient or sustained arousal.

PMID- 4043292
TI  - Effects of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathies on kindling in the immature brain.
AB  - The effects of hypoxia and ischemia on subsequent kindling in the immature animal
      were assessed using three experimental designs. In the first experiment, 15- and
      30-day-old rats were exposed to either 15 or 30 min of 6% oxygen and then
      subsequently kindled. In the second experiment, 15- and 30-day-old rats underwent
      unilateral carotid ligation followed by kindling in the ipsilateral amygdala. In
      the third experiment, the Levine procedure was used (unilateral carotid ligation
      followed by exposure to 6% oxygen) and rats were subsequently kindled in the
      amygdala either ipsilateral or contralateral to the side of the carotid ligation.
      Hypoxia and carotid ligation alone failed to result in any significant difference
      from controls in rate of kindling. In rats that underwent the Levine procedure
      and were kindled in the amygdala ipsilateral to the side of the carotid ligation,
      there was a marked inhibition of kindling. These results suggest that although
      mild hypoxia or ischemia did not alter seizure susceptibility, moderate to severe
      hypoxia-ischemia inhibited the development of generalized seizures. The mechanism
      of this inhibition is not known.

PMID- 4043293
TI  - Variable expression of intermediate filament proteins during embryonic
      development of human optic nerve.
AB  - The intermediate filament protein composition of human optic nerve and tract was
      analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Optic nerves were analyzed at
      15, 19, 22, and 24 weeks of embryonic development and the results were compared
      with the composition of adult optic nerve. The optic tract was analyzed at the
      later stages of development. The proteins were visualized by Coomassie blue
      staining and immunoblotting with specific antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFAP) and vimentin. The 70K and 150K neurofilament proteins were first
      observed at 24 weeks. At 15 weeks of development, only trace amounts of GFAP were
      observed and vimentin was the predominant intermediate filament protein. In
      contrast, there was more than twice as much GFAP as vimentin in the adult optic
      nerve. The results also showed that the ratio of GFAP to vimentin is higher in
      the optic tract than in the optic nerve during development, whereas in adult
      tissue, the ratio is the same for the two regions. In pathological situations
      with axonal dropout, a complete loss of neurofilament proteins was observed. The
      amounts of both GFAP and vimentin were the same for both the normal and involved
      optic nerve. These results are discussed in terms of the development of the optic
      nerve.

PMID- 4043294
TI  - Sources of the catecholaminergic innervation of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis
      in cat.
AB  - Injections of the retrogradely transported fluorescent dye, Evans blue, into the
      trigeminal nucleus caudalis were combined with the glyoxylic acid
      histofluorescence technique to determine the sources of catecholamine-containing
      varicosities innervating nucleus caudalis. Results indicate that the sources of
      this catecholamine innervation are widespread, originating from cell bodies
      throughout the brain stem including the medullary catecholamine cell groups as
      well as the noradrenergic nuclei of the dorsolateral pons, including locus
      ceruleus, subceruleus, Kolliker-Fuse, and the parabrachial nuclei. A small
      projection from the presumably dopaminergic neurons of the hypothalamus was also
      noted. The catecholamine innervation of n. caudalis in the cat is from widespread
      brain stem sources, a pattern different from the catecholamine innervation of the
      spinal cord, which receives its major catecholamine input from the Kolliker-Fuse
      nucleus.

PMID- 4043295
TI  - Behavior of single motor units of human tibialis anterior muscle during voluntary
      shortening contraction under constant load torque.
AB  - The recruitment and discharge frequency of motor units during voluntary
      shortening contraction with constant load torque were studied in tibialis
      anterior muscle of 10 human subjects trained to dorsiflex the tibiopedal joint as
      linearly as possible from 30 degrees plantar flexion from the neutral position
      (tibiopedal joint angle, 90 degrees) by 20 degrees in 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 10 s. A
      constant load torque of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 25% of maximum voluntary torque of the
      muscle was applied. When speed of shortening contraction was constant there was
      considerable degree of constancy in the muscle length at which individual motor
      units were recruited. However, the recruitment order was not rigidly fixed among
      the units whose length range of recruitment overlapped. When the contraction was
      performed faster the units were recruited earlier. The discharge frequencies of
      the motor units changed little with a given ramp shortening of the muscle. There
      were also few changes in frequency among different contraction speeds. With
      increasing load torque to the muscle, the discharge frequency increased slightly
      at a rate of 1 to 2 Hz by increase of the load. The results suggest that the
      speed of shortening was coded by recruitment of motor units and that discharge
      frequency did not play any major role when a muscle was shortened under constant
      load torque.

PMID- 4043296
TI  - Antinociceptive effect of intracisternal carbamazepine evidenced by the
      bradykinin-induced biting-like response in rats.
AB  - Intracisternal injections of carbamazepine produced a rapid and dose-dependent
      suppressive effect on the biting-like response induced by microapplication of
      bradykinin onto the tooth pulp (ED50: 2.62 micrograms/rat). Thus, the medullary
      dorsal horn is probably one of the primary sites for the antinociceptive activity
      of carbamazepine.

PMID- 4043297
TI  - Development of kindling: whole-brain stimulation in rats.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that low-intensity electrical stimulation of
      some specific brain regions in several animal species leads to gradual changes in
      behavior, culminating in generalized seizures (kindling). We found that repeated
      whole-brain stimulation in rats with electrical currents of 5 and 3 mA elicited
      progressive behavioral changes and finally triggered convulsive seizures.

PMID- 4043298
TI  - Peroxidase activity at nodes of Ranvier in some commonly used laboratory animals
      after intramuscular administration of horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - During retrograde transport of intramuscularly administrated horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) nodal axon segments of rabbit, rat, and mouse peripheral nerve
      fibers became HRP-positive and showed a striking proximodistal segregation of
      certain axoplasmic organelles. HRP-positive bodies and HRP-negative
      vesiculotubular membrane profiles were seen just distal and proximal to the nodal
      midlevel, respectively. This appearance was similar to that found earlier in HRP
      transporting feline muscle nerve fibers. Some mechanisms that might explain the
      segregated appearance are briefly discussed.

PMID- 4043299
TI  - GABA and phospholipids in penicillin-induced seizures.
AB  - The effect of a suspension of GABA and phosphatidylserine (PS),
      phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine was studied on penicillin
      induced epileptic activity in rats. GABA-PS significantly reduced the number of
      spikes, in comparison with either the other phospholipid compounds or normal
      saline. No effect was observed after GABA or PS administration alone. We suggest
      that the different effects probably depend on extracellular and intracellular
      factors.

PMID- 4043300
TI  - Myotube clusters do not bear any quantitative relation to the extent of
      motoneuron survival.
AB  - We conducted a quantitative study of the trochlear motoneurons and the myotube
      clusters in the corresponding superior oblique muscle of the Japanese quail,
      before, during, and after the period of normally occurring motoneuron
      degeneration. A ratio of approximately 1:1 between myotube clusters and neurons
      was observed at the onset of motoneuron degeneration. The number of myotube
      clusters prior to neuron death was 37% greater than the number of neurons
      surviving after cell death. These results are in contradiction with the
      hypothesis that the number of myotube clusters is the deciding factor for the
      survival of motoneurons during the critical stages of development.

PMID- 4043301
TI  - Multiple sites of histamine storage in superior cervical ganglia.
AB  - Histamine and mast cells are present in substantial quantities in superior
      cervical ganglia (SCG) in a variety of animals. In this study, SCG from mast cell
      deficient W/Wv mice, from cogenic +/+ wild-type, and from Wistar control mice
      were examined for their endogenous histamine content and mast cell numbers.
      Measurements of SCG extracts with a micro-radioenzymatic histamine assay revealed
      that +/+ and Wistar ganglia contained about 20 pmol histamine per ganglion or 0.6
      nmol/mg protein. Light microscopic inspection with toluidine blue staining of 6
      micron sections prepared from +/+ and from Wistar SCG showed the presence of
      about 85 mast cells in each species. By contrast, no mast cell was observed in
      serial-sectioned SCG from W/Wv mice; despite the absence of stainable mast cells,
      their SCG consistently contained endogenous histamine, on average, 2 pmol per
      ganglion. These results are interpreted as evidence for the existence of a
      nonmast cell histamine compartment in sympathetic ganglia.

PMID- 4043302
TI  - Adrenocortical hormones and brain growth: reversibility and differential
      sensitivity during development.
AB  - The brain growth that follows adrenalectomy can be arrested by corticosterone
      replacement. Administered daily in combination with deoxycorticosterone, the
      brain and body conditions of intact rats are closely matched. Using this
      combination dose (corticosterone, 7.0 mg/kg; deoxycorticosterone, 1.0 mg/kg),
      hormonal replacement was systematically administered and withheld in a balanced
      design in order to assess the relative sensitivity of brain tissue to
      corticosteroids across time, and to determine if brain growth suppressed during
      one phase could recover upon hormone withdrawal during a second phase. Female
      forebrains were less sensitive to the hormones during an early phase which
      spanned ages 27 to 46 days. In contrast, 70 to 80% of potential growth was
      suppressed by replacement during a later period (ages 46 to 65 days). Brain size
      differences included weight and forebrain length, width, and depth. Hind brains
      were more sensitive to hormone replacement during phase 1. However, this
      suppressed growth was completely regained after hormone withdrawal during phase
      2. On the other hand, growth that had occurred in the absence of adrenal steroids
      was not reversed, only arrested, by subsequent administration. We conclude that
      the rat brain became increasingly sensitive to the suppressive influence of
      adrenal steroids as females matured from juveniles to adults. Coupled with this
      sensitivity was the ability--apparently complete--to recover from steroid-induced
      brain growth suppression.

PMID- 4043303
TI  - Effect of cooling on force oscillations during maximal voluntary eccentric
      exercise.
AB  - The effect of superficial cooling on force oscillations during maximal eccentric
      exercises of the quadriceps femoris was studied in 10 adults. Maximal (i)
      shortening (concentric) and (ii) lengthening (eccentric) exercises were performed
      at a velocity of 120 degrees/s through 60 degrees of knee flexion while linear
      envelope EMG signals were recorded from the surface of the vastus medialis
      muscle. Force oscillations (12.4 +/- 2.8 Hz) were present in all subjects in the
      first series of eccentric exercises. After 30 min of cooling, the oscillations
      were eliminated in two subjects and were reduced in number in two others of the
      five subjects in the experimental group. In contrast, all subjects in the control
      group still had oscillations when retested after a 30-min rest period. During the
      eccentric exercises, a synchronous silent period in the EMG tracings was evident
      just before a decrease in force. Subsequently, the EMG activity resumed and the
      force increased (force oscillation). Because the force oscillations were of large
      amplitude and occurred only during eccentric exercise, we conclude that the force
      oscillations were similar to physiological action tremor. Because the force
      oscillations and EMG patterns were altered by cooling, the mechanisms that
      initiate such oscillations during maximal eccentric exercise are suspected to
      include a neural component.

PMID- 4043305
TI  - Intramuscular acupuncture-like electrical stimulation inhibits stretch reflexes
      in contralateral finger extensor muscles.
AB  - Electro-acupuncture is one of many physical measures used to relieve
      musculoskeletal pain and to improve the associated restricted range of motion.
      Experiments were designed to determine whether or not acupuncture-like
      stimulation inhibits stretch reflexes in an arm extensor muscle in human
      volunteers. Surface electromyographic recordings were made on the right extensor
      digitorum communis muscle and averaging techniques were used to study the reflex
      responses to brief deflection of the finger with a solenoid-driven probe. The
      ratio M1:M2 of two components of the reflex was reduced during continuous
      acupuncture-like stimulation of the contralateral first dorsal interosseus and
      extensor digitorum communis muscles near their motor points (acupuncture points
      LI 4 and LI 11). Concomitant changes in skin temperature were observed on the
      forehead and in the arm in which acupuncture-like stimulation was used. In
      control experiments, when the acupuncture needles were inserted subcutaneously
      and stimulated with the same current parameters at distinctly uncomfortable
      intensities, no change in the reflexes occurred. These findings show that
      acupuncture-like stimulation exerts physiologic effects on the central nervous
      system, mediated presumably by muscle afferent fibers. The effects may be
      relevant to relief of muscle spasm and musculoskeletal pain, and restoration of
      mobility.

PMID- 4043304
TI  - Effects of alcohol ingestion on zinc content of human and rat central nervous
      systems.
AB  - The abundance of zinc in hippocampal mossy fibers has stimulated investigation of
      zinc status in various pathologic states in which behavioral or anatomic deficits
      involving the hippocampus are known to occur. Limited autopsy studies of chronic
      alcoholic humans have suggested that the content of zinc might be reduced in
      several brain regions whereas reported attempts to replicate these findings in
      ethanol-exposed experimental animals have produced inconsistent results. In this
      comparative study, the zinc concentration in 10 brain regions, all spinal cord
      segments, and microdissected hippocampal subfields was measured by isotope ratio
      mass spectrometry. A widespread 15 to 20% reduction in zinc content was observed
      in all regions of chronic alcoholics compared with controls but a selective
      involvement of hippocampus was not detected. In the experimental studies, groups
      of rats were exposed to ethanol by one of three routes: inhalation for 2 weeks,
      as an ethanol/liquid diet for 3 months, or a single intoxicating i.p. dose.
      Determinations of tissue uptake of radiozinc and of total zinc content were made.
      In contrast to human pathologic material, zinc pool size and tissue uptakes were
      not affected by experimental ethanol administration by any route. This study
      confirmed that a reduction in zinc concentration occurs in the central nervous
      system of chronic alcoholics. The animal studies indicated, however, that simple
      ethanol exposure, even for prolonged periods, does not perturb zinc metabolism in
      brain. Together, these observations argue that the abnormalities of zinc
      metabolism in chronic alcoholics are possibly secondary to homeostatic
      alterations associated with hepatic failure.

PMID- 4043306
TI  - Atypical cilia in ciliated cysts of the parathyroid glands of dogs exposed to
      ozone.
AB  - This report deals with the occurrence of atypical cilia in ciliated cysts of
      parathyroid glands in dogs after exposure to ozone inhalation at 0.75 ppm close
      level for 48 h. Electron microscopic examination revealed cytoplasmic blebs with
      none, one, two ore more axial microtubule complexes (compound) surrounded by a
      single membrane and containing little or excessive matrix. Also seen where
      helicoidal cilia. The present anomalous behaviour of the cilia in the prevalent
      ciliated cysts in ozone treated dogs is consistent with the previously described
      effects of ozone inhalation on the parathyroid glands.

PMID- 4043307
TI  - Short term in vivo method for prediction of the fibrogenic effect of different
      mineral dusts.
AB  - The effect of intratracheal introduction of different metal and mineral dusts and
      the change in activity of pulmonary acidic phosphatase have been studied as a
      function of time (72 h, 2 weeks, 1, 12, 20 months). The activity and localization
      of acid phosphatase were compared with the degree of pulmonary damage caused by
      dusts. The degree of fibrosis was determined on the basis of the composition of
      cells and fibres, according to Belt and King's classification. Due to the
      membrane-damaging effect of DQ 12 silica and mixed dusts (enargite and porphyry
      rock dusts) an increase in acid phosphatase activity of macrophages could be
      observed at the end of the first month. At the same time non-fibrogenic or only
      mild fibrogenic dusts (bentonite, corundum, scarnic rock dust) caused a decrease
      or disappearance of tissue acid phosphatase activity. It has been stated that
      there is a very close correlation between the change in pulmonary acidic
      phosphatase activity and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis due to exposure to
      mineral dusts. The above investigations have been most useful in predicting the
      subsequent effect of rock patterns, emphasizing at the same time the importance
      of in vivo long term experiments.

PMID- 4043308
TI  - Effects of chloroquine on hepatocytic organelles in rat.
AB  - The administration of chloroquine (Resochin) in rats produces significant changes
      in the hepatocytic organelles, which are described by morphometric and
      biochemical methods. There is an increase in oxygen uptake by the isolated
      mitochondria together with an increase in the specific surface of cristae. Volume
      densities of mitochondria, lysosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and
      Golgi apparatus increase, while that of glycogen decreases. The affecting
      mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 4043309
TI  - Skeletal muscle metabolism in mice bearing adenocarcinoma. II. Histochemical
      alterations in acid and alkaline phosphatases.
AB  - In Swiss albino mice bearing adenocarcinoma the degree of pathological damage as
      revealed by the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases is greater in
      skeletal muscles closely proximal to the tumor site than in those away from it.
      Acid and alkaline phosphatases in myofibres of triceps, pectoralis and
      gastrocnemius muscles show a direct relationship between myofibre necrosis and
      activities of these phosphatases.

PMID- 4043310
TI  - Ischaemic contracture in isolated rat heart: reversible or irreversible
      myocardial injury?
AB  - An isolated rat heart preparation was reperfused at 37 degrees C for 10 min after
      10, 20, 30 and 40 min of ischaemia. The left ventricular tension was measured by
      means of a balloon catheter filled with water and connected to a pressure
      recorder. The left ventricular resting tension began to increase at 9 +/- 1 min
      (mean +/- SEM) and was maximally developed (myocardial contracture) at 18 +/- 1
      min of ischaemia. There was a striking and constant exacerbation of the resting
      tension during reperfusion after 30 and 40 min (but not after 10 or 20 min) of
      ischaemia with simultaneous acceleration of creatine phosphokinase (CK) release
      into the coronary effluent and with the loss of the recovery of contractile
      activity. Myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-content decreased during 20 min
      of ischaemia more in the endocardial (ENDO) (from 17.7 +/- 1.9 mumol/g to 0.7 +/-
      0.1 mumol/g) than in epicardial (EPI) (from 15.5 +/- 0.9 mumol/g to 3.2 +/- 0.6
      mumol/g) parts of myocardium. Reperfusion after 10 min of ischaemia resulted in a
      slight increase of myocardial ATP-content both in EPI (from 7.5 +/- 0.6 to 10.4
      +/- 0.8 mumol/g, p less than 0.05) and ENDO (from 5.0 +/- 0.8 to 8.9 +/- 2.5
      mumol/g, n.s.). Reperfusion after the completion of contracture (after 20 min)
      had no effect on myocardial ATP-content. The results indicate that there is a
      transmural ATP gradient in ischaemic isolated rat heart and that myocardial ATP
      net production during reperfusion (10 min) is prevented after the development of
      ischaemic contracture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043311
TI  - The evolution of sex and the role of sex in evolution.

PMID- 4043312
TI  - Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection.
AB  - Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disproven some of the
      central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the 'sexy son' hypothesis.
      These results suggest that the 'good genes' approach to sexual selection may
      generally lead to erroneous results. Runaway sexual selection seems possible
      under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantitative genetic models have revealed
      runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and
      for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur
      simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental
      gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes,
      empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen.
      Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as
      measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population. The
      models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce
      population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is
      promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among
      populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among
      equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify
      geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection.
      Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced
      results that parallel the results of the polygenic models. Thus the feature of
      indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to
      both types of model.

PMID- 4043313
TI  - Uninterrupted protein synthesis is essential for survival in the early stages of
      carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocellular necrosis in the mouse.
AB  - The fatal syndrome produced by cycloheximide given 6 h after a hepatonecrogenic
      dose of CCl4 is due neither to direct toxic synergism between CCl4 and
      cycloheximide nor to transient sinusoidal thrombosis. It is suggested that
      survival in the presence of unknown factors released from dying liver cells
      requires uninterrupted protein synthesis. The life-saving effect of sterilization
      of the intestine by antibiotics indicates that the gut flora or its products play
      a vital role in pathogenesis.

PMID- 4043314
TI  - Hemodynamic studies in a parabiotic model of portal hypertension.
AB  - Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamic studies were performed in a rat model of
      parabiosis and portal hypertension. A portal hypertensive and a normal rat were
      surgically united side to side. A hyperdynamic circulation, characterized by
      increased cardiac index (413 +/- 26 vs 318 +/- 23 ml X min-1 X kg-1; p less than
      0.05) and portal venous inflow (9.61 +/- 1.29 vs 6.33 +/- 0.36 ml X min-1 X 100 g
      b.wt-1; p less than 0.05), was found in all the portal hypertensive rats but not
      in the normal parabiotic partners. These results do not support the existence of
      a transferable humoral factor mediating the hyperdynamic circulatory state of
      chronic portal hypertension.

PMID- 4043315
TI  - Calcium accelerates cholesterol phase transitions in analog bile.
AB  - Analog bile supersaturated with cholesterol was constituted, filtered and divided
      into equal portions containing no calcium or calcium, 2.5-15 mM. Aliquots were
      removed over the next 48 h and filtrates analyzed for cholesterol, bile acid and
      lecithin. Calcium accelerated cholesterol loss from solution in a dose-related
      fashion.

PMID- 4043316
TI  - 5-(Hydroxyimino)-4-methoxy-2-(pivaloylimino)thiazolidine-3 -acetamide, a reduced
      nitroheterocyclic derivative with potent schistosomicidal properties.
AB  - The synthesis and antischistosome properties of 5-(hydroxyimino)-4-methoxy-2
      (pivaloylimino)thiazolidine-3- acetamide (1) are described. The compound was
      prepared by reduction of the nitrothiazoline (2) with stannous chloride in
      methanol, and represents the first example of a reduced nitroheterocyclic
      compound showing potent schistosomicidal properties. The possible relationship of
      compounds such as 1 to the as yet unidentified reduced active but toxic entities
      formed in vivo from nitroheterocyclics like metronidazole is discussed.

PMID- 4043317
TI  - Serotonergic and cholinergic interaction in the regulation of pituitary-adrenal
      function in rats.
AB  - It has been proposed that the central serotonergic inputs which modulate
      pituitary-adrenal secretion are mediated by cholinergic neurons. We have tested
      this hypothesis in intact rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with
      cholinergic and serotonergic agents which enhanced transmitter function and with
      receptor blocking agents. Agents were injected, singly and in combination, into
      both unstressed and stressed animals. Since the response to cholinergic agents
      might be due to changes to vasopressin release, Brattleboro (vasopressin
      deficient) rats were also injected with cholinergic agents. The level of plasma
      corticosterone at 1-h post-injection was determined. Results indicate that the
      serotonin receptor blockade decreased the stimulatory, cholinergic effect of
      physostigmine. Cholinergic receptor blockers did not significantly reduce the
      corticosterone rise induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan. These results do not support
      the hypothesis of cholinergic mediation of serotonergic input. Nicotinic and
      muscarinic receptors appeared to exert opposing influences on the system. The
      nicotinic receptor antagonist was able to block the stimulatory effect of
      physostigmine. The muscarinic receptor antagonist significantly elevated plasma
      corticosterone levels. No differences were found in the effect of physostigmine
      on Brattleboro rats as compared to controls. These data are interpreted as
      suggesting that 1) the acetylcholine-induced stimulation of pituitary-adrenal
      function is mediated, in part, by serotonergic neurons; and 2) stimulation of
      nicotinic receptors is facilitatory whereas stimulation of muscarinic receptors
      is inhibitory to pituitary-adrenal function.

PMID- 4043318
TI  - Effects of exchange transfusion with perfluorochemical emulsions on hepatic
      oxygen supply and blood flow in the rat.
AB  - Exchange-transfusion to hematocrit 20 with isotonic perfluorochemical (PFC)
      emulsions containing 3% hydroxyethylstarch (HES) in rats breathing 100% oxygen
      produced significant reductions of hepatic PO2 and blood flow in comparison to
      rats hemodiluted with isotonic 3% or 6% HES solution. The results indicate that
      PFC and/or emulsifiers were associated with adverse effects on liver blood
      supply.

PMID- 4043319
TI  - Role of peripheral chemoreceptors in response to smoke-induced apnea vs tracheal
      occlusion.
AB  - Reflex autonomic changes which occur after cigarette smoke enters the upper
      airways are partially due to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation. Chemoreceptor
      denervation attenuates but does not abolish smoke induced bradycardia.
      Denervation nearly abolishes bradycardia induced by tracheal occlusion.
      Hypertension accompanies smoke induced apnea but does not occur during tracheal
      occlusion.

PMID- 4043320
TI  - Neuroma formation and abnormal afferent nerve discharges after partial beak
      amputation (beak trimming) in poultry.
AB  - Following partial amputation of the beak recordings were taken of the electrical
      activity from single afferent fibers of the intramandibular nerve. A total of 192
      single afferent fiber units were isolated of which 47 were classified as
      nociceptors, with an abnormal pattern of discharge, and 89 were abnormal
      spontaneously active units. Following amputation neuromas were developing by 15
      days after surgery and they were well formed by 20 to 30 days. The presence of
      neuromas together with abnormal spontaneous activity originating from them raise
      serious welfare questions concerning beak trimming.

PMID- 4043321
TI  - Axillary 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one in men and women: relationships with
      olfactory acuity to odorous 16-androstenes.
AB  - Axillary 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one (5 alpha-androstenone) levels were found to
      be significantly higher in men than in women but do not vary between left and
      right axillae, are not related to age, handedness or degree of hirsutism (in
      women) nor to anosmia to this steroid. In men (but not in women), levels are
      related linearly to axillary cholesterol concentrations but not to squalene.
      Olfactory thresholds for 5 alpha-androstenone varied widely, the lowest recorded
      being 0.2 ppb, but there was no difference in thresholds between men and women.
      Women (70%) found the smell 'repellant' but anosmia did not differ greatly
      between men and women (9-20%). Anosmia to the smell of 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3
      alpha-ol was most marked in women (90%) rather than in men (45%). Axillary 5
      alpha-androstenone values were generally consistent with the 'musky' or 'strong'
      smells of male axillary extracts, compared with the 'sweet' smell of those from
      female subjects.

PMID- 4043322
TI  - Bilateral lesions of suprachiasmatic nucleus eliminate circadian rhythms of
      oxygen consumption and the respiratory quotient in rats.
AB  - Bilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus of rats
      abolished circadian rhythms of oxygen consumption and of the respiratory quotient
      (RQ). The RQ remained constant at a level intermediate between the maximum (about
      1.0) and minimum (about 0.9) values in control animals.

PMID- 4043323
TI  - The effect of nicotine on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats.
AB  - Nicotine, in concentrations of 5 and 25 micrograms/ml drinking water, given ad
      libitum for 10 days, dose-dependently increased lesion formation and worsened
      ethanol-induced ulceration in rat stomachs. Daily fluid intake and b.wt gain were
      not adversely affected by nicotine pretreatment.

PMID- 4043324
TI  - Age-dependent changes of rat liver plasma membrane composition.
AB  - The chemical composition of liver plasma membrane was studied in Wistar rats aged
      between 3 and 24 months. Results obtained indicate a significant age-dependent
      positive correlation of both the protein: phospholipid and cholesterol:
      phospholipid ratios, whereas the protein: cholesterol ratio seems to remain
      unaffected. Phospholipid analysis of liver plasma membrane reveals that only the
      phosphatidylcholine content has a significant negative correlation with age; all
      other phospholipid species remain basically unchanged.

PMID- 4043325
TI  - Spontaneous morphine withdrawal from the rat spinal cord.
AB  - A characteristic and reproducible sign of narcotic withdrawal is the naloxone
      induced increase in arterial pressure. In morphine-dependent rats allowed to
      undergo spontaneous withdrawal (6-24 h) and then transected at the spinal C-1
      level, arterial pressure was maintained at a significantly higher level than
      either spinal-transected nondependent controls or morphine-dependent, spinal
      transected rats pithed from C-1 to L-4. These findings indicate that the morphine
      dependent spinal cord, independent of supraspinal influences, is able to exhibit
      an autonomic component of spontaneous withdrawal.

PMID- 4043326
TI  - Pharmacologic therapeutic window of pramiracetam demonstrated in behavior, EEG,
      and single neuron firing rates.
AB  - Following oral or intravenous administration, a representative cognition
      activator drug, pramiracetam sulfate, is shown to have a pharmacologic
      therapeutic window at three different levels of study: learned behavior, gross
      EEG activity of the frontal cortex and hippocampus, and firing rate of single
      hippocampal neurons.

PMID- 4043327
TI  - Nerve-mediated action of forskolin on guinea pig ileal mucosa.
AB  - The effects of forskolin on myenteric neuronal activity and mucosal function were
      examined in guinea pig ileum. Forskolin increased the excitability of myenteric
      neurons, and increased mucosal chloride secretion by stimulating enteric neurons
      as well as by acting directly on enterocytes.

PMID- 4043328
TI  - Role of inorganic phosphate in total biliary phosphorus determination.
AB  - Total phosphorus, inorganic phosphate, and phospholipids were measured in bile of
      rats and guinea pigs during choleresis and cholestasis produced by taurocholate
      and taurolithocholate, respectively. Under either experimental condition, total
      biliary phosphorus concentrations increased significantly in both species, due
      primarily to an increase in inorganic phosphate. These studies indicate that, if
      total phosphorus is taken as an estimate of biliary phospholipid concentration,
      correction for inorganic phosphate is essential under conditions associated with
      changes in bile secretory function.

PMID- 4043329
TI  - Antidiuretic hormone involvement in the release of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating
      hormone by hyperosmotic stimuli.
AB  - In the normal Wistar rat, the plasma alpha-MSH level was raised by hypertonic
      saline injection (as compared with control rats injected with isotonic saline).
      No such rise in alpha-MSH followed hypertonic saline administration in the
      Brattleboro (hereditary diabetes insipidus) animal (compared to isotonic saline
      injected controls). It is suggested that, in the rat, endogenous antidiuretic
      hormone is involved in the secretory response of the pars intermedia to osmotic
      stimuli.

PMID- 4043330
TI  - Differences in cardiac myosin light chain LC1 among human, monkey and sheep.
AB  - The atrial and ventricular myosin light chains of human, monkey and sheep hearts
      were compared by dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The atrial
      light chain 2 and ventricular light chain 2 are similar among these mammals.
      However, the atrial light chain 1 of monkey has different electrophoretic
      mobility from those of human and sheep. The monkey ventricular light chain 1 has
      same mobility as that of sheep but different from that of human.

PMID- 4043331
TI  - A method for karyotyping mouse blastocyst embryos developing from in vivo and in
      vitro fertilized eggs.
AB  - A method for karyotyping blastocyst-staged mouse embryos is described. The use of
      this protocol results in the recovery of a high percentage (greater than 70%) of
      readable karyotypes and can be completed rapidly.

PMID- 4043332
TI  - Incorporation of 32P into renal phospholipids of mice during postnatal growth.
AB  - During the first 40 days of life the rate of incorporation of 32P into total
      phospholipids and into phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine,
      phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid and
      phosphatidylinositol of mouse kidney was by some 25-35% higher than in older
      animals. Results suggest a different involvement of cellular membranes during of
      normal and compensatory renal growth.

PMID- 4043333
TI  - Possible involvement of calmodulin in apical constriction of neuroepithelial
      cells and elevation of neural folds in the chick.
AB  - Chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine HCl, antipsychotic drugs known to bind to
      calmodulin, reversibly inhibited elevation of neural folds by interfering with
      the contractile activity of apical microfilament bundles in developing chick
      neuroepithelial cells.

PMID- 4043334
TI  - Fecundity and longevity of houseflies after space flight.
AB  - After 7 days of space flight house flies, Musca domestica, exhibited similar
      longevity, but a reduction in reproductive output as compared to earthbound
      controls. This reduction was not observed in later generations. These data
      suggest that space flight directly alters the rate of ovarian development, but
      that this effect is not genetically transmitted.

PMID- 4043335
TI  - Immunological systematics of the extinct quagga (Equidae).
AB  - It has been debated whether the extinct quagga was a distinct fourth species of
      African zebra or whether it was merely the southern variant of the Plains zebra
      (Equus burchelli). Using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique, we have shown that
      proteins remaining in quagga skins from museums are much more similar to serum
      proteins of the Plains zebra than to those of the other two extant zebras.

PMID- 4043336
TI  - Isolation and characterization of hemagglutinins from the sponge Dysidea
      herbacea.
AB  - The sponge Dysidea herbacea (Keller) was found to possess hemagglutinins. The
      major component, DHA-I, is a protein with a mol. wt of 26,000, which dissociates
      into subunits of equal size (14,000). It contains large amounts of glutamic acid
      and aspartic acid residues, but no half-cystine, methionine or histidine
      residues. DHA-I reacted with rabbit and human AB0 erythrocytes. D-galactose and
      lactose were effective inhibitors of DHA-I. The sponge also contained a minor
      component(s) which reacted preferentially with rabbit erythrocytes but not with
      human AB0 erythrocytes.

PMID- 4043337
TI  - A simplified method for isocratic HPLC analysis of polyamines.
AB  - A simple technique is described for the separation and analysis of polyamines in
      tissues and body fluids, utilizing precolumn clean-up on disposable CM-cellulose
      columns, followed by an automatable HPLC procedure. Complete separation and
      analysis takes 12-15 min per sample with sensitivity in the pmole range.

PMID- 4043338
TI  - Connective tissue proteins on the injured endothelium of the rat aorta.
AB  - Type V collagen (TVC), fibronectin (FN), and laminin (LAM) were detected on the
      endothelial surface of mechanically injured rat aortas with the help of
      monospecific antisera and protein A - gold conjugates, carbon film surface
      replicas, and conventional embedding techniques. Deendothelialized tracks were
      produced in the thoracic aorta, and the presence of the connective tissue
      proteins on the luminal surface of the endothelium was studied. The changes in
      the distribution of the proteins during repair of the endothelial surface was
      followed for up to 6 days after injury. From 1 to 3 days after injury small
      numbers of gold particles, indicating the presence of TVC, were found between the
      adherent platelets on the freshly deendothelialized subendothelial matrix and in
      higher amounts on cell debris and collagen fibers. On the sixth day after injury,
      however, the amount of TVC between the sparsely distributed platelets on the
      deendothelialized areas was significantly higher than it was previously. FN and
      LAM were readily detectable on the subendothelial matrix and on the damaged
      marginal endothelial cells. These proteins were especially obvious on both
      margins of the tracks even from the first day after treatment. FN was found also
      in connection with fibrin precipitations as well as on the surface of some
      platelets and monocytes. The amount of FN and LAM present on the damaged area
      decreased slightly up to the sixth day. Monocytes and leukocytes adhered mostly
      at the margin of the wound area in the vicinity of the lesions on the
      endothelium. FN and LAM were often detectable under and around these adherent
      cells. Little of the connective tissue proteins was found on the uninjured and on
      the regenerated endothelial cells. The results showed subtle transitory changes
      in the surface pattern of the subendothelial connective tissue matrix of the
      injured intima. The adhesion of blood-borne cells may have been induced by FN and
      LAM on the endothelial surface near the lesions, and later partly prevented by
      increasing amounts of TVC on the surface.

PMID- 4043339
TI  - Lipids in cells of atherosclerotic and uninvolved human aorta. II. Lipid
      metabolism in primary culture.
AB  - [3H]Acetate and [3H]oleate were used to evaluate the rate of lipid synthesis in
      smooth muscle cells of human aorta. Experiments were carried out in primary
      cultures derived from the intima and media of unaffected and atherosclerotic
      vascular segments. The obtained results indicate that the rate of lipid synthesis
      in cells cultured from fatty streaks, atherosclerotic plaques, and underlying
      media is higher than in cells cultured from an uninvolved intima and media,
      respectively. The highest level of the label incorporation was observed in the
      fraction of phospholipids. In cultures obtained from fatty streaks and plaques,
      an increased incorporation of the labeled precursors into phospholipids,
      triglycerides, free sterols, and sterol esters was registered. The highest
      relative increase occurred in the fraction of sterol esters, the rate of acetate
      inclusion being five- to sixfold higher compared to the cell cultures derived
      from unaffected aortic segments. A direct and very close correlation was found
      between the rate of lipid synthesis and lipid levels in cells of normal and
      atherosclerotic aorta. The role of intracellular lipid metabolism disorders in
      the accumulation of excessive fat by "atherosclerotic" cells is discussed in this
      report.

PMID- 4043340
TI  - Copper toxicosis and tolerance in the rat. III. Intracellular localization of
      copper in the liver and kidney.
AB  - Male rats fed a 3 g/kg copper diet were killed sequentially up to 14 weeks.
      Copper in liver and kidney cortex was identified histochemically and assayed in
      homogenates and gradient fractions following analytical subcellular fractionation
      on reorientating sucrose density gradients. Copper accumulated fastest in the
      liver postnuclear (PNS) supernatant fraction which became saturated at 2 weeks;
      there was a distinct localization of copper in hepatic lysosomes which displayed
      progressively enhanced fragility. Rapid accumulation of copper then occurred in
      liver and kidney nuclear (N) fractions, peak copper concentrations coinciding
      with hepatic and renal tubular necrosis. Copper accumulated slowly up to 4 weeks
      and was maintained to 14 weeks in the cytosol of the proximal renal tubules from
      which it appeared to be excreted. Subsequently liver copper declined in both
      liver fractions and kidney (N) fractions; hepatic lysosomes regained stability,
      regeneration of liver and kidney occurred, and the rats were tolerant to
      continued copper administration. These findings do not support a primary role for
      copper-loaded lysosomes in the genesis of cell injury, but suggest that nuclear
      saturation may be the destabilizing event. Recovery is associated with changes in
      the subcellular distribution of copper within liver and kidney and renal
      excretion of excess.

PMID- 4043341
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of mineralized matrix vesicles of experimental saccular
      aneurysms.
AB  - An energy dispersive X-ray microanalytical study was designed to examine the
      mineral deposits in matrix vesicles found in the walls of experimental aneurysms
      from two rabbits (103 and 1071 days postoperatively) and two sheep aneurysms (234
      and 1202 days postoperatively). The freeze-substitution technique was adopted for
      use to retain inorganic ions in situ. Numerous, various sized extracellular
      electron-dense structures, believed to be matrix vesicles were observed. Size
      histograms for the mineralized vesicles showed that the proportion of smaller
      vesicles was higher in the older animals. A total of 370 vesicles were analyzed.
      Calcium and phosphorus with small amounts of magnesium were identified. No
      particular calcium phosphate mineral was dominant with the mean Ca/P molar ratio
      for all animals falling in the 1.1-1.2 range. Correlation coefficients for
      interrelationships between calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and size were weak
      except for calcium vs phosphorus which was close to one, consistent with some
      type of calcium phosphate being the major constituent of the mineralized
      vesicles. Smaller electron-dense particles, probably mitochondrial granules were
      seen in some smooth muscle cells; a small number were analyzed and contained
      calcium and phosphorus (mean Ca/P molar ratio of 0.86) but no magnesium.

PMID- 4043342
TI  - Effect of aging on human aortic protein composition. I. One-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of tissue extracts.
AB  - Proteins extracted from matching areas of homogenized intimas of 17 human aortas,
      from two age groups (15-34 and 35-82), were studied after separation by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silver staining, and densitometric scanning.
      Several definite protein bands including 6 major and 16 minor bands were
      identified in 17 aortic intima samples grossly and microscopically lesion free.
      However, such electrophoretic patterns were found to differ in the two age groups
      studied. For instance, (1) the integrated densities (amounts) of protein bands 1,
      6, 13, 16, and 19 which we interpreted as of mural vascular origin were
      significantly higher in the younger age group, whereas the amounts of bands 2, 7,
      9, 11, and 21 suspected to be of plasma origin were found to be significantly
      higher in the older age group; (2) protein band No. 8 was found to be double in
      the younger age group vs a single line in the older age group, whereas band No.
      12 was the opposite. These changes in protein composition appear to correlate
      closely with diffuse intimal thickening found histologically in older age group,
      and will be further studied to relate to those in atherosclerotic lesions.

PMID- 4043343
TI  - Mitochondrial injury of pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells in acute paraquat
      intoxication.
AB  - The primary ultrastructural changes in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells are
      described in paraquat-injected rats. Within 6-12 hr a single intravenous
      injection of 40 mg/kg paraquat dichloride caused selective mitochondrial swelling
      and loss of intramitochondrial granules within 24 hr in alveolar Type II cells.
      As the mitochondrial injury advanced, microvilli disappeared from apical plasma
      membrane followed by a cell destruction and detachment from basement membrane.
      This was accompanied by secondary damage to Type II cells and interstitial cells.
      These results indicate that paraquat may affect primarily the Type II cells and
      the first lesion produced occurs in mitochondria.

PMID- 4043345
TI  - Effect of dietary restriction on cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver and the
      intestine of cholesterol-fed rabbits.
AB  - The effect of dietary restriction (half of the control ration) on cholesterol
      biosynthesis was investigated in rabbits fed either standard or cholesterol-rich
      diets. Accompanying the amplification of hypercholesterolemia, additional
      disturbances of cholesterol metabolism were observed when cholesterol feeding was
      associated with dietary restriction. In the intestine, underfed rabbits showed a
      more marked inhibition of duodenal cholesterol biosynthesis from [14C]acetate
      following cholesterol feeding than rabbits on normal caloric ration. In contrast
      liver cholesterogenesis was equally suppressed in both groups receiving
      cholesterol-rich diets. Cholesterol biosynthesis from [14C]mevalonate was also
      inhibited by cholesterol feeding particularly in the duodenum of underfed
      rabbits. In addition cholesterol feeding induced a marked increase of the labeled
      esterified: free cholesterol ratio in the liver, demonstrating intensive
      esterification, this was enhanced by dietary restriction. The additional
      cholesterol which accumulates in the plasma and in various tissues in underfed
      rabbits is of dietary origin since the feedback control of cholesterogenesis by
      exogenous cholesterol was shown to be very effective in these animals.

PMID- 4043344
TI  - Solubility of tissue hydroxyproline in experimental intestinal anastomoses.
AB  - Salt and acid solubility of collagen are thought to reflect its degree of
      crosslinking. In order to examine postoperative changes in crosslinking of
      intestinal collagen, which are of importance to the stability of the intestinal
      wall, we have investigated the solubility of hydroxyproline in rabbit ileum and
      colon, both in unwounded intestine and after construction of an anastomosis.
      Solubility in salt and dilute acid was increased by a sonication procedure. This
      way, 9% of total hydroxyproline in the unwounded colonic wall was salt soluble
      and 65% acid soluble. A similar distribution was observed in ileum. Three days
      after operation the salt-soluble fraction was significantly elevated in samples
      from the anastomotic area. In colon, this increase also persisted 7 days
      postoperatively. Comparison of anastomotic samples collected 3 and 7 days after
      surgery shows a significant decrease in the acid-soluble and a significant
      increase in the solid fraction. This phenomenon occurs both in ileum and colon.
      These results indicate that during the first days after operation the integrity
      of the intestinal wall is weakened not only by a loss of collagen, but also by a
      changed solubility of the remaining collagen.

PMID- 4043346
TI  - Prognosis and diagnosis of Reye syndrome by discriminant analysis.
AB  - Discriminant analysis was used to discriminate between Reye syndrome (RS)
      patients and non-RS cases based either on conventional blood chemistry data
      obtained upon admission, or on the activities of hepatic mitochondrial enzymes in
      biopsy or necropsy tissue. The control group for blood chemistry measurements
      contained children with upper respiratory tract infections, varicella, etc. who
      did not develop RS, as well as healthy children. Subjects with no liver disorder
      (e.g., accidental death, sudden infant death, etc.) or with non-RS liver
      disorders were used as controls for hepatic enzyme studies. Hepatic damage
      indicators (aspartate aminotransferase, AST; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; and
      bilirubin) correctly classified 86-96% of non-RS cases and 61-71% of RS. By
      contrast, AST and ALT had little prognostic value (63% overall correct). Ammonia
      effectively classified favorable outcome cases (95% correct) but not unfavorable
      (14% correct). However, when ammonia was included with stage of coma information
      88% of the favorable and 85% of the unfavorable outcome cases were correctly
      classified. Discriminant analysis of hepatic enzymes (glutamate dehydrogenase and
      monoamine oxidase activity) for a RS and a non-RS group correctly classified 80%
      of non-RS and 95% of RS specimens. The function was suitable for the direct
      evaluation of RS-like mitochondrial enzyme changes in rat liver.

PMID- 4043347
TI  - Nerve growth factor accelerates the early cellular events associated with wound
      healing.
AB  - The effects of injecting nerve growth factor (NGF) into subdermal air sacs on the
      backs of mice was studied. Sequential infiltration of cells into the lining of
      the sacs was observed. The initial cell type to infiltrate was the
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte, followed by highly vacuolated mononuclear cells, and
      then by fibroblast-like cells. This resembles the classical pattern of cellular
      responses during the normal process of wound healing. The kinetics for the peak
      accumulation of each cell type were dependent upon the concentration of NGF
      injected, and significant acceleration of infiltration of each cell type was
      observed with as little as 1 nM NGF. A similar acceleration of cellular
      infiltration was observed when mice were injected with the synthetic chemotactic
      peptide n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. This finding suggests that
      application of any chemotactic factor to wound sites may lead to accelerated
      tissue repair and an enhanced rate of wound contraction. The observation that NGF
      can act as a chemotactic factor in vivo may explain its ability to accelerate the
      healing of experimentally induced wounds in mice.

PMID- 4043348
TI  - Feed-forward: future questions, future maps.
AB  - "Feed-forward" is a technique that encourages families to imagine the pattern of
      their relationships at some future point in time. Questions about the future, in
      conjunction with positive connotation, put families in a metaposition to their
      own dilemmas and thus facilitate change by opening up new solutions for old
      problems.

PMID- 4043349
TI  - Our personal and professional lives: learning positive connotation and circular
      questioning.
AB  - The work of the Center for the Study of the Family in Milan has had wide
      influence. We describe its influence on us--the positive connotation of many car
      journeys, our self-training, and changes in how we view, and function in, our
      personal and professional lives.

PMID- 4043350
TI  - The negotiation of values in therapy.
AB  - Values are integral to all social systemic operations and therefore to the heart
      of the therapeutic process. For the therapist, values are an essential component
      in defining and assessing a problem, determining goals, and selecting therapeutic
      strategy. Therapists do not have a choice about whether they need to deal with
      values in therapy, only about how well. The training of therapists about their
      values needs to be integrated with the training about their own emotional and
      family issues. This training should be carried out in the context of treating
      families and have as its primary focus the relationship of the therapists'
      personal issues to the conduct of their therapy with families. Personal insight
      and mastery over handling their own values and family issues will maximize
      therapeutic effectiveness.

PMID- 4043351
TI  - On the boundary: family therapy in a long-term inpatient setting.
AB  - The paradigm for inpatient family therapy presented here is intended both as a
      description of, and a means of thinking about, family therapy in a long-term
      inpatient setting. It is meant to contribute to a delineation of treatment goals
      and strategies within a conceptual framework that is rooted in and expresses the
      complex clinical realities of inpatient treatment, where the locus of family
      therapy is the family-hospital boundary. The four functions described here are
      hierarchical in their relationships to each other, each function emerging only in
      the context of the logically prior function. Although, clearly, inpatient family
      therapy moves through stages parallel to those of other treatment modalities
      (14), the purpose of this paper is to explore therapeutic functions rather than
      present a prescriptive, linear description of successive phases of treatment.
      Joining, once achieved, cannot be left behind: it needs constant attending to,
      though more so at some times than others. Similarly with the other functions. It
      is helpful when pausing to examine one's work to note those functions that, at
      any given time, seem to be most at issue. For instance, the family of a patient
      well along the road toward discharge may promote a crisis (e.g., another family
      member may become symptomatic, the parents' marriage might suddenly seem in
      danger of falling apart, or the whole thrust of the treatment may be rejected
      peremptorily). On such occasions the inpatient family therapist must look for
      precipitating factors, not just in the domain of the family and its functioning
      and not just in his or her relationship with the family, but also in the context
      of the family's relationship to the hospital. Is the hospital riding roughshod
      over the family's feelings? Has important information from the family been
      ignored? Or, has important information been neglectfully withheld from the
      family? Is the treatment team moving too quickly toward discharge? Are staff,
      then, subtly pulling back from the patient or other family members as a way of
      coping with their feelings of loss? Have staff somehow communicated
      disappointment or pessimism or despair to the family? Has the family therapist
      somehow inadequately represented the family's needs to the treatment team or
      floor staff? Do treatment decisions therefore strike the family as insensitive or
      thoughtless? Has the family therapist been unable to frame treatment decisions in
      a way the family can accept and use constructively?

PMID- 4043352
TI  - A beginner's guide to the problem-oriented first family interview.
AB  - The large volume and diversity of family therapy resources can often confuse
      trainees who are in need of more abbreviated guidelines for managing their
      clinical responsibilities. This paper presents a structured outline of a problem
      oriented first family interview for the family therapy supervisor and the
      beginning family therapist. We view the first interview as an integrated process
      including the important tasks preceding and following the initial family meeting.
      After the goals that shape the work of the first interview are described, a step
      by-step guide to the twelve phases of the interview is presented: telephoning;
      forming hypotheses; the greeting; the social phase; identifying the problem;
      observing family patterns; defining goals; contracting; checklist; revising
      hypotheses; contacting the referral person; and gathering records. This approach
      to the first interview integrates a variety of structural and strategic
      procedures. The guide, intended for use in conjunction with close supervision,
      may serve as a foundation on which beginning therapists can build their unique
      styles.

PMID- 4043353
TI  - Stability/instability in the alcoholic marriage: the interrelationships between
      course of alcoholism, family process, and marital outcome.
AB  - Thirty-one alcoholic families who were originally studied in home, multiple
      family group, and laboratory settings were reassessed two years later to
      determine course of alcoholism and degree of marital stability. This paper
      presents data comparing baseline alcohol consumption and family interactional
      behavior at home with subsequent alcoholism and marital stability outcomes.
      Findings suggest that the relative degree of stability/instability in these
      marriages is best understood as a function of the "goodness-of-fit" between the
      relative predictability of drinking on the part of the identified alcoholic and
      the family's characteristic pattern of interactional behavior at home.

PMID- 4043354
TI  - The Beavers-Timberlawn model of family competence and the circumplex model of
      family adaptability and cohesion: separate, but equal?
AB  - An empirical examination of the association between instruments measuring the
      Beavers-Timberlawn Model of family competence and the Circumplex Model of
      adaptability and cohesion is presented. Even when triangulated measures were
      utilized to control for the divergent methods of data collection traditionally
      employed to operationalize these models of family health, family competence as
      measured by the Beavers-Timberlawn Family Evaluation Scales was either minimally
      (mothers) or not associated at all (fathers and children) with balanced and
      thereby optimal dimensions of adaptability and cohesion as measured by the Family
      Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales. Methodological and substantive
      explanations for the surprising lack of association between measures of these two
      prominent family assessment models are explored and short- and long-range
      implications for the growth and practice of family therapy are discussed.

PMID- 4043355
TI  - The missing triad: the case of two-child families.
AB  - Families, as they grow, become more complex in their psychosocial development.
      They also become more complex in their dyadic/triadic structure through the
      simple addition of another child. This article traces some of the structural
      changes that families undergo with the entry of each new child. It also raises
      several questions about how these very structures may, in turn, influence
      development of the children. By comparing two- and three-children families with
      different dyadic/triadic structures, these questions offer some basis for
      possible future research, as well as some speculation for the clinician.

PMID- 4043356
TI  - Sibling deidentification in the clinic: devil vs. angel.
AB  - A four-member family structure consisting of two siblings contrasting in
      personality (sibling deidentification) and each identified with a different
      parent (split-parent identification) was recently reported (15). In well
      functioning families, this tetrad or quadrangle is wide-spread in the first pair
      of siblings in the family and tends to be more common in same-sex pairs,
      suggesting that sibling deidentification is designed to mitigate the relatively
      intense sibling rivalry characteristic of these pairs and hence to maintain
      family harmony. In this collated case report, deidentification is found to follow
      the same pattern in 39 clinic first pairs. However, contrasting attributes are
      varied and nonevaluative in nonclinic pairs but mainly "good-bad" in clinic
      pairs, with polarization extreme. Results suggest that nonclinic siblings
      negotiate their identity (being) much as they negotiate about possessions
      (having) and that negotiations are blocked in clinic pairs, freezing mythic devil
      or angel identity. Intervention is directed at dislodging this block.

PMID- 4043357
TI  - [Morphobiophysical parallels in assessing the hepatotropic action of
      nitrosodimethylamine].
AB  - On the third day after a single administration of nitrosodimethylamine (30 mg/kg)
      to white rats histochemistry reveals the greatest injury to the liver parenchyma.
      This correlates with a reduction in relative strength of intercellular contacts,
      an increase in relative strength of the membranes, and an elevation of the
      membrane potential during liver tissue survival in vitro. The latter fact can be
      explained, at any rate partially, by the lowering of the activity of cytoplasmic
      ATPase which competes with electrogenic Na+. K+-ATPase for ATP.

PMID- 4043358
TI  - [Effect of etatsizin on blood coagulability and the anticoagulant effect of
      heparin].
AB  - Etacyzine, a new antiarrhythmic drug of the phenothiazine series, injected
      intravenously (1 mg/kg) does not change the blood coagulation balance of rabbits.
      The effect of heparin (100 Units/kg i.v.) reduces after preinjection of etacyzine
      (1 mg/kg). Etacyzine lowers the concentration of heparin in an aqueous medium and
      blood plasma.

PMID- 4043359
TI  - [Anticonvulsive activity of anticonvulsants and tranquilizers when used
      together].
AB  - Experiments on mice were made to study anticonvulsive activity of the
      combinations of 5 tranquilizers (diazepam, chlorodiazepoxide, meprotan,
      trioxazin, mebicar) and 7 anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, hexamidine, benzonal,
      diphenin, chloracon, trimetin, carbamazepin) according to the maximal
      electroshock test. The data obtained form an experimental basis for the combined
      use of some anticonvulsants and tranquilizers in the treatment of epilepsy, since
      in a number of cases these combinations permit a significant lowering of the
      doses of both components without reducing their anticonvulsant activity.

PMID- 4043360
TI  - [Midantan activation of memory trace retrieval in rats].
AB  - The authors studied the action of amantadine in recovery processes of the memory
      in some types of retrieval impairment: normal forgetting, "psychogenous" amnesia
      and latent inhibition. Antraperitoneal injection of amantadine (25 mg/kg) to rats
      I h before testing the preservation of the conditioned passive avoidance reaction
      was discovered to restore the conditioned reaction which went out as a result of
      long-term preservation. To restore the memory in amnesia and latent inhibition,
      50 mg/kg amantadine was required. Thus, it has been shown that amantadine has
      reactivating properties in memory processes.

PMID- 4043361
TI  - [Effect of diazepam on interference processes].
AB  - It has been found in experimental behavioral interference during training in two
      conditioned reflexes, rapidly following each other, that intraperitoneal
      injection of diazepam (2 mg/kg) 30 min before training potentiates the inhibitory
      effect of the defensive reaction to the drinking one. Electrophysiological
      analysis of the modulating effect of amygdaloid stimulation on the peripheral
      signal transmission via the central gray matter has demonstrated that in the
      majority of the neurons, diazepam produced a longer and pronounced inhibition of
      the excitatory reactions in response to electrocutaneous stimulation after
      conditioning stimulation of the amygdaloid. The data obtained allow an assumption
      that inhibitory processes determined by the activity of the GABAergic
      amygdalofugal system underlie the interference interrelations.

PMID- 4043362
TI  - [Effects of piracetam during prolonged use in an experiment].
AB  - The spectrum of the pharmacological activity of piracetam administered for a long
      time was studied in experiments on mice and rats. It was established that
      administration of piracetam (300-400 mg/kg i. p.) for 10-42 days brought about
      potentiation of its antiamnestic effect, retardation of the processes of
      extinction, an increase in the emotional responsiveness, and preservation of the
      tranquilizing effect with no side effects (sedative or myorelaxant). The
      characteristic feature of piracetam effect on the extinction is its ability to
      decelerate this process only after its prolonged administration. It is assumed
      that under prolonged administration of piracetam there takes place the formation
      of a new functional system ensuring the memory trace stabilization.

PMID- 4043363
TI  - [Characteristics of the effect of psychotropic preparations on the synaptosomal
      uptake of monoamines].
AB  - The authors investigated the ability of psychotropic drugs of different classes
      (psychostimulants, antidepressants and tranquilizers) to inhibit the reverse
      synaptosomal uptake of monoamine neurotransmitters in the rat brain. The
      psychostimulants amphetamine and cocaine (50 microM) powerfully suppressed
      noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin transport without influencing GABA uptake.
      Phenazepam (50 microM) negligibly decreased the reverse synaptosomal uptake
      chiefly of noradrenaline. Studies of the antidepressants evidenced that inkazan
      is a highly selective inhibitor of the reverse uptake of serotonin, whereas other
      antidepressants such as zimelidine, imipramine and norzimelidine were discovered
      to inhibit the uptake of serotonin to a larger extent than that of other
      transmitters. The antidepressants pyrazidol and viloxazine turned out to be non
      selective inhibitors of the transport of all monoamines tested. Iproniazide and
      moclobamide appeared inactive as regards the reverse uptake of monoamine
      neurotransmitters.

PMID- 4043364
TI  - [Differences and similarity in the interaction of fenibut, baclofen and diazepam
      with phenylethylamine].
AB  - The derivatives of GABA and beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) the tranquilizer phenibut
      and muscle relaxant baclofen (p-chloro-beta-phenyl-GABA, lioresal) diminished all
      studied effect of PEA in mice, namely seizures, sedation, excitation,
      hyperthermia. Diazepam diminished only seizures whereas haloperidol excitation
      and hyperthermia. PEA injections anatogonized (the sedative and hypothermic
      effects of phenibut and diazepam and the anticonvulsant (against l-kynurenine)
      effect of phenibut and baclofen. The role of antagonism to PEA in the mechanism
      of the antianxiety effect of tranquilizers is discussed.

PMID- 4043365
TI  - [Nonopiate subarachnoid analgesia induced by GABA-positive substances].
AB  - It has been shown in experiments on rats exposed to a gradually increasing
      nociceptive action that subarachnoidal injection of GABA and its agonists (CHBA)
      isoguvacin, phenibut) in a dose of 0.6 mg causes an elevation of the thresholds
      of motor and, to a less degree, of emotional behavioral component of the painful
      reaction. Analgesia is potentiated by simultaneous subarachnoidal injection of
      inactive doses of chlorodiazepoxide. The GABA uptake inhibitor guvacin
      potentiates the effect of isoguvacin. The GABA-and phenibut-induced analgesia is
      not abolished by nalozone (0.04 mg subarachnoidally).

PMID- 4043366
TI  - [Changes in stimulation analgesia during chronic morphine administration].
AB  - It has been shown in rat experiments that repeated administration of morphine
      produces tolerance to the effect of stimulation analgesia (SA). In the control
      group, the same stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter (PGM) failed to
      produce tolerance. Naloxone (2 mg/kg i.p.) exerted a partially antagonistic
      influence on SA in the control group and did not affect the antinociceptive
      action of PGM stimulation in morphine-treated animals.

PMID- 4043367
TI  - [Utilization of the pharmacokinetic parameters of acetylsalicylic acid for
      optimizing its use with people of different ages].
AB  - Nomograms for application of acetylsalicylic acid in persons of different age are
      presented. The nomograms are based on pharmacokinetic parameters of
      acetylsalicylic acid with regard to the age. Proceeding from the known constants
      of absorption and elimination, the nomograms are made use of to screen the
      loading and maintenance doses, to determine the time of administering the first
      maintenance dose and the maximal amount of the drug in the body, which was built
      up as a result of the use of the accepted treatment schedule. While using the
      nomograms one should be guided by the known therapeutic dose and the dosage
      intervals or by the therapeutic or maximal allowable dose. The nomograms are
      unsophisticated, fairly convenient, and help determine the optimal regimen of the
      use of acetylsalicylic acid in persons of different age.

PMID- 4043368
TI  - [Radiochromatographic study of the distribution of sidnocarb-14C and its
      metabolites in inbred mice].
AB  - The title study permitted detecting genetic differences in sydnocarb metabolism.
      It was established that the rate of sydnocarb oxidation in BALB/c mice was higher
      than in C57B1/6 mice.

PMID- 4043369
TI  - [Possibilities for the strophanthin pharmacological correction of cardio- and
      hemodynamic disorders in dogs in the early stage of experimental lung-heart
      failure].
AB  - Experiments on intact dogs and animals with an early stage of experimental
      cardiopulmonary insufficiency due to chronic pneumonia were made to study the
      action of strophanthine on the hemodynamics of the left and right ventricles and
      pressure in the pulmonary artery. Administration of the glycoside to animals with
      cardiopulmonary insufficiency increased the contractility of the right ventricle
      and the intensity of diastolic relaxation of both ventricles. Strophanthine was
      revealed to exert the prevailing effect on the cardiodynamics of the right
      ventricle both in intact dogs and in animals with experimentally induced
      pathology. Strophanthine increased pressure in the pulmonary artery, promoting
      the overload of the right ventricle to a less degree than convallotoxin.

PMID- 4043370
TI  - [Increased hepatocyte resistance to CC14 following the stimulation of rats with a
      bacterial polysaccharide].
AB  - It has been established in male Wistar rats that the uptake capacity of the
      reticuloendothelial system (RES) increased 5-fold 1, 3 and 7 days after
      prodigiozan administration (50 micrograms). This was linked with the increased
      hepatocyte resistance to CCl4 which reached a maximum 7 and 21 days after RES
      stimulation. As compared with non-stimulated animals, the resistance increase
      looked as a 2.7- and 3.5-fold shrinkage of the necrotic zones in the central
      parts of liver lobules 24 h after CCl4 poisoning and less increment of alanine
      aminotransferase activity in blood serum (3.5- and 3.3-fold decrease,
      respectively). The increased resistance continued being recordable throughout a
      month after prodigiozan treatment.

PMID- 4043371
TI  - [Toxicological study of the Soviet tetracyclic antidepressant inkazan].
AB  - The toxicology of an original Soviet antidepressant inkasan-3-methyl-8-methoxy
      3H, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrazino [1,2,3-ab] beta-carboline hydrochloride was
      studied in different types of experimental animals (mice, rats, rabbits, dogs).
      It was established that the drug is less toxic than imipramine. The toxic
      manifestations (seizures, stereotypy) seen in dogs receiving high doses of
      inkasan for a long time are likely to be linked with a stimulating component that
      characterizes the drug action on the central nervous system.

PMID- 4043372
TI  - [Quinolylhydrazones with potential antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity].
AB  - Quinolinehydrazones prepared by condensation of hydrazinoquinolines with 1-phenyl
      2,5-dimethyl-3-pyrrolcarboxaldehyde, 2-chloro-4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and 2,6
      dichlorobenzaldehyde are described. All compounds were tested in vitro for
      antimicrobial activity, the results obtained are shown and discussed. The
      quinolinehydrazones of the 1-phenyl-2,5-dimethyl-3-pyrrolcarboxaldehyde were
      tested in vivo against Hymenolepis nana and Taenia taeniaeformis and proved
      inactive.

PMID- 4043374
TI  - [Antibacterial and antifungal compounds. V. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity
      of N-(2-arylethylaminophenyl)-1H-pyrryl-1-amine and 1-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-2
      arylmethylbenzimidazole)].
AB  - The synthesis and antimicrobial activities of derivatives of 1-anilinopyrrole and
      1-pyrrylbenzimidazole are described. The compounds here reported can be related
      to chlormidazole and other antifungal imidazole agents. The antifungal activity
      of the new derivatives tested proved lower than that of ketoconazole; some
      compounds were practically inactive.

PMID- 4043373
TI  - Effect of chronic treatment with phosphatidyl serine on phospholipase A1 and A2
      activities in different brain areas of 4 month and 24 month old rats.
AB  - The activities of phospholipase A1 and A2 were tested in mitochondria and
      microsomes from different cerebral areas of both 4 month and 24 month old rats,
      after 30 days i.p. treatment with ox Brain Cortex Phosphatidyl Serine (BC-PS). In
      the brain areas from control animals a rather great decline in its ability to
      hydrolize the fatty acids of the main phosphoglycerides was found. Taking into
      account only the effect of treatment with BC-PS on the modification of
      phospholipase activities caused by aging, we found that the treatment was able to
      balance the enzymatic functions altered by aging in several of the area examined.
      The importance of this result on the lipidic metabolism of the aging brain is
      also discussed.

PMID- 4043375
TI  - Synthesis and N.M.R. study of trans 2-phenoxycyclohexanol and some of its
      derivatives with potential antiinflammatory activity.
AB  - A number of amino-ethers, acids, amino-esters, amino-amides and carbamates was
      synthesized from trans-2-phenoxycyclohexanol. The configuration of the starting
      material was established by N.M.R. spectroscopy. Pharmacological tests showed an
      antiinflammatory activity for some of the derivatives.

PMID- 4043376
TI  - Antimycotic agents: evaluation of some derivatives of 2-thiocyanobenzoic acid.
AB  - The AA. have tested some amides, esters and thioesters of 2-thiocyanobenzoic acid
      for their antimycotic activity in vitro against fungal strains representative of
      human diseases. The results pointed out the remarkable antimycotic activities of
      2-thiocyanobenzamides N-monosubstituted.

PMID- 4043377
TI  - Pyrrolnitrin analogues. XI--Synthesis and microbiological activity of new 1,4-
      and 1,5-diarylpyrroles.
AB  - The synthesis and microbiological activities of new 1,4- and 1,5-diarylpyrroles
      is reported. Antimicrobial data in comparison with fungal antibiotic pyrrolnitrin
      confirm an interesting antimicotic activity of 1,4-diarylpyrroles. On the
      contrary 1,5-diarylpyrroles show antibacterial activity and an unexpected
      antimicotic activity. The position of the 4-nitrophenyl group at C4 or C5 of the
      pyrrole ring influences antibacterial activity.

PMID- 4043378
TI  - Partial protection by CDP-choline against kainic acid-induced lesion in the rat
      caudate nucleus.
AB  - The acute intraperitoneal administration of CDP-choline to rats caused an
      increase in striatal dopamine (DA) synthesis, measured by DOPA accumulation after
      decarboxylase inhibition. Moreover, the chronic treatment with CDP-choline
      induced a decrease in the total number of 3H-spiroperidol binding sites, while
      partially antagonizing the disappearance of DA-sensitive adenylate cyclase
      activity elicited by intrastriatal kainic acid. These results suggest that CDP
      choline may have a trophic and/or stimulant action on the function of
      nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 4043379
TI  - Sodium-induced conformation changes in membrane transport proteins.
AB  - In the presence of KCl, tryptic digestion of vesicles derived from pigeon
      erythrocyte membranes inactivates sodium-dependent uptake of alanine by the
      vesicles, whereas digestion in the presence of NaCl does not. Extensive
      degradation of vesicle proteins occurs under both conditions. Similarly, the
      extent of inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide of the sodium-dependent influxes of both
      glycine and alanine into human erythrocytes is greater when the cells are exposed
      to the thiol reagent in the presence of KCl than when NaCl is used. These
      observations are interpreted as providing evidence for sodium-induced
      conformation changes in these transport proteins.

PMID- 4043380
TI  - A potential biochemical explanation for the genesis of porphyria cutanea tarda.
      Studies on the inherent biochemical defect in highly purified human erythrocyte
      uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase and its amplification by iron.
AB  - Familial porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a photocutaneous disease in which
      subnormal activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase is observed both in the
      liver and red cells. Hepatic iron plays a key role in the genesis of overt
      biochemical and clinical PCT. In this report, we have studied the properties of
      10 000-fold purified erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase preparations from
      two familial PCT patients and a non-porphyric control subject. The apparent
      Michaelis constants (Km), determined by using uroporphyrinogen III substrate,
      were approx. 3.2-times higher for the enzyme from the diseased subjects (Km =
      approximately 1.0 microM) as compared to the normal (Km = 0.3 microM). Though
      both abnormal and normal enzymes were inhibited progressively with increasing
      concentrations of iron, the enzymes from diseased subjects exhibited greater
      susceptibility e.g. 0.1 mM Fe2+ inhibited the former about 50% and the latter
      about 20%. These observations suggest that the inherent biochemical defect in PCT
      is the reduced enzyme-substrate affinity and the intrinsic abnormal conformation
      renders the PCT enzyme particularly susceptible to inhibition by iron.

PMID- 4043381
TI  - Modification of mammalian fatty acid synthetase activity by NADP.
AB  - Experiments are described which show that the mammalian fatty acid synthetase, in
      the presence of NADP, synthesizes stoichiometric amounts of enzyme-bound
      acetoacetyl moieties. The acetoacetyl moieties can neither undergo the normal
      transfer reaction to a CoA acceptor, nor participate in the normal reaction
      sequence once NADPH is made available. Our results indicate that, since it is the
      product of the condensation reaction which accumulates on the inhibited enzyme,
      the previously held view that NADP inhibits the condensation step in fatty acid
      synthesis is probably incorrect.

PMID- 4043382
TI  - The role of metal ions in the uptake of aspartate aminotransferase and malate
      dehydrogenase into isolated rat liver mitochondria in vitro.
AB  - To gain further insight into the mitochondrial receptor area which allows
      selective uptake of both purified aspartate aminotransferase and malate
      dehydrogenase into mitochondria, the inhibition of metal complexing agents such
      as bathophenanthroline and tiron on the uptake of both enzymes has been
      investigated. In view of the nature of the inhibition found, we propose the
      existence of metal ion(s) at or near the aspartate aminotransferase, but far from
      the malate dehydrogenase binding site.

PMID- 4043383
TI  - Photosynthetic water oxidation. A new chemical model.
AB  - A sequential four-step chemical model for the water oxidation process in
      photosystem II is presented, based on the observation that a peroxide-linked
      biquinone complex can be chemically formed as a result of hydroxide ion addition
      to quinone. In our model, the hydroxide ion intermediate is generated in
      photosystem II as a result of proton abstraction from water. In the model, the
      first two flashes of light raise the oxidation state of the bimanganese center,
      while the third and fourth flashes of light sequentially generate the peroxide
      linked biquinone which is then directly oxidized by the bimanganese center to
      produce oxygen and regenerate quinone.

PMID- 4043384
TI  - Resonance Raman characterization of the heme prosthetic group in eosinophil
      peroxidase.
AB  - The resonance-enhanced Raman spectrum of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) from horse
      and human eosinophils is reported. Based upon the spectral energies, distribution
      and depolarization ratios of the high-frequency skeletal modes and upon the
      presence of weak bands assignable to vinyl substituent groups, we conclude that
      the heme prosthetic group is high-spin, 6 coordinate protoporphyrin. The Raman
      spectrum reveals clear differences from lactoperoxidase (LPO), an enzyme which
      appears nearly structurally isomorphous by other physical techniques; the data
      indicate a stronger axial 6th ligand in EPO. Mechanistic implications are
      discussed in relation to LPO and myeloperoxidase, an enzyme present in
      neutrophils and monocytes which contains a unique functional active-site chlorin.

PMID- 4043385
TI  - A comparative study of structural properties of fibronectin and its 180 kDa
      fragment.
AB  - Fibronectin from human plasma and its 180 kDa fragment which retained collagen
      binding, cell-attachment and heparin-binding activities, were studied by velocity
      centrifugation and 1H-NMR methods. The fibronectin hydrodynamic radius strongly
      increased at pH 11 while the hydrodynamic properties of the fragment did not
      change noticeably. 1H-NMR spectroscopy also showed differences in the molecular
      properties of fibronectin and its 180 kDa fragment. Under physiological
      conditions the structure of fibronectin differs from that of its 180 kDa
      fragment. At pH 11 and in 4 M urea no differences in their structures are
      observed. It is suggested that interdomain and intersubunit interactions play an
      important role in maintaining the native conformation of intact fibronectin.

PMID- 4043386
TI  - Detection of the tripeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly, a putative enkephalin metabolite in
      brain, using a sensitive radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay has been developed for YGG. The
      tripeptide was previously derivatised with p-benzoquinone to prepare the
      immunogen and the 125I tracer as well as in samples submitted to the RIA. The
      sensitivity is about 1 nM as compared with 8000 nM for underivatised YGG.
      Measurable amounts of endogenous YGG immunoreactivity, co-eluting in HPLC with
      authentic YGG, were detected in mouse striatal extracts.

PMID- 4043387
TI  - Resolution of bovine brain calcineurin subunits: stimulatory effect of subunit B
      on subunit A phosphatase activity.
AB  - Calcineurin was dissociated into subunits A and B by SDS and the dissociated
      subunits were separated by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography in SDS. The
      phosphatase activity was associated with the A subunit and was detected only in
      the presence of MnCl2 of the various divalent cations tested. The Mn2+-dependent
      phosphatase of A subunit was stimulated (4-5-fold) by calmodulin. The subunit B
      increased only modestly Mn2+ stimulated phosphatase activity of subunit A but
      markedly increased it when assay also contained calmodulin. These results support
      the view that subunit B plays an important role in Mn2+/calmodulin regulation of
      subunit A phosphatase activity. They also lend further support to our earlier
      postulate ([1984] FEBS Lett. 169, 251-255) that Mn2+ is a powerful regulator of
      calcineurin phosphatase.

PMID- 4043388
TI  - Poly-ADP-ribosylated histones: potent DNA suppressors.
AB  - When rat liver nuclear chromatin was sonicated in buffer containing 0.35 M
      (NH4)2SO4 to release the engaged RNA polymerases, a potent inhibitor was also
      released. This inhibitor elicited dramatic inhibition of RNA synthesis regardless
      of whether the free or engaged RNA polymerase was used. On further analysis, it
      became apparent that the site of inhibition was on the DNA template, not on the
      enzyme. This inhibitor could be extracted into 0.25 N HCl by the standard
      procedure for the isolation of histones. This acid-soluble inhibitor, showing
      typical histone band on gel, was RNase A and DNase I resistant, but was sensitive
      to both pronase and snake venom phosphodiesterase digestion, as well as to 0.1 N
      KOH hydrolysis. Furthermore, when [14C]adenine labeled poly-ADP-ribosylated
      histones were digested by snake venom phosphodiesterase, the release of
      radioactivity was in parallel to the loss of inhibitor activity. We conclude that
      the inhibitor substances are poly-ADP-ribosylated histones and propose that the
      poly-ADP-ribosylated histones rather than the histones are the natural
      suppressors of the gene.

PMID- 4043389
TI  - Stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of rat brain membrane proteins by
      calmodulin.
AB  - Calmodulin stimulates the alkali-resistant phosphorylation of peptides of 50 and
      58-60 kDa in rat brain membrane. Phosphoamino acid analysis indicated a
      calmodulin stimulated increase of phosphotyrosine in these peptides. Calmodulin
      also stimulated the phosphorylation of these peptides at serine and threonine
      residues. This suggests the involvement of the calmodulin regulatory system in
      the effects of tyrosine protein kinases.

PMID- 4043390
TI  - Cytoplasmic pH, a key determinant of growth factor-induced DNA synthesis in
      quiescent fibroblasts.
AB  - In response to growth factors, quiescent fibroblast mutants lacking Na+/H+
      exchange activity fail to elevate their cytoplasmic pH (pHi) and to reinitiate
      DNA synthesis at neutral and acidic pHo. A pHi threshold of approximately 7.2
      exists, below which growth factors cannot set in motion the Go to S phase
      transition. Restoration of the pHi defect in mutant cells restores the wild-type
      phenotype. These findings, combined with the properties of another class of
      mutants able to grow at very low pHo, demonstrate that pHi, modulated by growth
      factor activation of the Na+/H+ antiporter, plays a determinant role in growth
      control.

PMID- 4043391
TI  - Discovery of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in human
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Here we describe the identification of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing
      protein in human spermatozoa. After thermal decarboxylation the protein is a good
      substrate for vitamin K-dependent carboxylase from various origins. A quick
      purification procedure for the decarboxylated protein is presented and in a
      preliminary characterization we have established its Mr (28 000-30 000) and its
      amino acid composition.

PMID- 4043392
TI  - Presence of helodermin-like peptides of the VIP-secretin family in mammalian
      salivary glands and saliva.
AB  - Helodermin is a biologically active peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila
      monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum) whose structure is related to that of
      vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin. Using a specific radioimmunoassay
      based on antisera prepared by immunizing rabbits with natural helodermin, we
      demonstrated the presence of helodermin-like material in mammalian salivary
      glands, including parotid, submaxillary and sublingual glands from rat and dog,
      and parotid and submaxillary glands from man. All helodermin-like materials had
      an apparent molecular mass of 4-12 kDa. Dog saliva, collected after pilocarpine
      stimulation, revealed similar immunoreactivity with a major component around 6
      kDa.

PMID- 4043393
TI  - Effect of spectrin dimer on actin polymerization.
AB  - Spectrin dimer is shown to influence the polymerization behaviour of actin. The
      polymerization of both Mg2+- and Ca2+-actin is regulated by an enhancement in the
      rate of nucleation and a fragmentation of preformed actin filaments. In addition,
      spectrin decreases the critical concentration of Ca2+-actin but not that of Mg2+
      actin. This suggests that the two types of actin may differ in their interaction
      with spectrin dimer probably due to the different conformations. Band 4.1
      elevates the effects of spectrin under non-equilibrium conditions but its
      contribution is less at steady state.

PMID- 4043394
TI  - The 25 kDa protein kinase inhibitor present in liver cell is absent in fast
      growing HTC cells and is induced in sodium butyrate treated cells.
AB  - We have recently characterized a cAMP independent protein kinase inhibitor in rat
      liver. This inhibitor is absent or inactive in fast growing HTC cells and is
      induced according to exponential kinetics by sodium butyrate, a compound which
      arrests cell growth at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. It is suggested that the
      inhibitor could be involved in cell growth regulation.

PMID- 4043395
TI  - Acetylcholine stimulates phosphatidylinositol turnover at nicotinic receptors of
      cultured myotubes.
AB  - Acetylcholine treatment of [3H]inositol pre-labelled cultured chick embryo
      myotubes results in the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol breakdown, as shown
      by the measurement of inositol-1-phosphate accumulating in the presence of
      lithium. The described effect is dependent on agonist concentration and
      incubation time, and is inhibited by tubocurarine and alpha-bungarotoxin. The
      activation of phosphatidylinositol breakdown by acetylcholine at extrajunctional
      nicotinic receptors is likely to be involved in the modulation of the functional
      activity of the receptor.

PMID- 4043396
TI  - Muscarinic receptor-mediated increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in isolated bovine
      adrenal medullary cells. Effects of TMB-8 and phorbol ester TPA.
AB  - The change in cytoplasmic free calcium, [Ca2+]i in isolated bovine adrenal
      medullary cells during stimulation by acetylcholine (ACh) in Ca2+-free incubation
      medium was measured using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator quin2. ACh (1-100
      microM) caused an increase in [Ca2+]i by mobilization of Ca2+ from the
      intracellular pool. Nicotine (10 microM) did not increase [Ca2+]i in the absence
      of extracellular Ca2+. Pretreatment of the cells with atropine (10 microM)
      completely inhibited ACh-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, whereas pretreatment with
      hexamethonium (100 microM) did not. The intracellular Ca2+ antagonist 8-(N,N
      diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8), inhibited ACh-induced
      increase in [Ca2+]i. The activator of protein kinase C 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol
      13-acetate (TPA), but not its 'inactive' analog 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate
      (PDD), also inhibited ACh-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. These findings suggest
      that in bovine adrenal medullary cells, stimulation of muscarinic ACh receptor
      causes an increase in [Ca2+]i by mobilizing Ca2+ from the intracellular pool and
      that protein kinase C is involved in 'termination' or 'down regulation' of this
      response.

PMID- 4043397
TI  - Rapid down-regulation of protein kinase C and membrane association in phorbol
      ester-treated leukemia cells.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      (CLL) acquire after several days of exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate (TPA) several morphological, immunological and histochemical features of
      hairy cell leukemia. We have investigated the short term effects of TPA treatment
      on protein kinase C and its subcellular distribution. Within minutes of addition
      of TPA to CLL cells 20% of the cytosolic protein kinase C had associated with the
      particulate fraction. The remaining 80% of protein kinase C activity was down
      regulated. The association with the membrane dramatically increased the
      resistance of the enzyme to inhibition by the non-ionic detergent, Triton X-100.
      These results suggest that activation of protein kinase C causes multiple
      biological changes in CLL cells.

PMID- 4043398
TI  - Phorbol myristate acetate causes in guinea-pig lung parenchymal strip a
      maintained spasm which is relatively resistant to isoprenaline.
AB  - The effect of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was compared with that of histamine
      on the guinea-pig lung parenchymal strip. PMA, 10(-5) M, caused a slowly
      developing sustained contraction which had approximately the same magnitude as
      the maximal histamine contraction. Isoprenaline, at 10(-5) M, caused 86%
      relaxation of the histamine contraction but only 22% relaxation of the PMA
      contraction. Forskolin, at 10(-5) M had a similar action to isoprenaline on the
      effects of both spasmogens while aminophylline, 5 X 10(-4) M, was considerably
      less effective. Sodium nitroprusside had little effect on the histamine
      contraction and actually increased the PMA spasm. It is suggested that protein
      kinase C may have a role in the tonic phase of the contraction of bronchiolar
      smooth muscle. These findings could have relevance for the delayed phase of
      asthma, which is known to be insensitive to beta-agonists.

PMID- 4043399
TI  - Thermodynamics of the binding of calcium and strontium to bovine alpha
      lactalbumin.
AB  - Microcalorimetry and equilibrium gel filtration were used to determine the
      thermodynamic functions delta H degrees, delta G degrees and delta S degrees
      guiding the interaction of Ca2+ and Sr2+ with bovine alpha-lactalbumin. Two
      methods of nearly complete metal removal from the protein gave identical results.
      The single Ca- and Sr-binding site, which has moderate affinity for these ions
      (KCa = 2.5 X 10(6) M-1 and KSr = 5.1 X 10(5) M-1), displays unusually large
      enthalpy changes of -118 kJ X mol-1 for Ca2+ and -75 kJ X mol-1 for Sr2+. The
      concomitant reaction entropies equal -273 and -142 J X K-1 X mol-1, respectively.

PMID- 4043400
TI  - Studies on the maintenance of cytochromes P-450 and b5, monooxygenases and
      cytochrome reductases in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The cytochrome P-450 content of rat hepatocytes declined rapidly over 72 h in
      culture, due primarily to denaturation to cytochrome P-420. Six different media
      were investigated for their ability to conserve cytochrome P-450 during culture,
      and the most successful was a modified Earle's medium. After 72 h culture in this
      medium, cytochromes P-450 and b5, NADH-cytochrome b5- and NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductases were maintained at 40, 100, 35 and 52% of fresh cell values,
      respectively. Cytochrome P-450 showed differential functional stability during
      culture with ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation being more stable than either
      pentoxyphenoxazone O-depentylation or biphenyl 4-hydroxylation. Monooxygenase
      than did cytochrome P-450 content. This discrepancy was not explained by loss of
      flavin nucleotides, FMN or FAD.

PMID- 4043401
TI  - Protein kinase C phosphorylates a component of NADPH oxidase of neutrophils.
AB  - A protein of 31.5 kDa belonging to the NADPH oxidase of neutrophils was
      phosphorylated following stimulation of the cells with phorbol myristate acetate.
      The same protein was phosphorylated in vitro in the presence of cytosol and of
      Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. The phosphorylation in vitro of the 31.5 kDa protein
      was increased by phorbol myristate acetate and was inhibited by trifluoperazine.
      The data are compatible with an involvement of protein kinase C in the activation
      of NADPH oxidase.

PMID- 4043402
TI  - Kinetics of the reaction of intraerythrocytic haemoglobin by single cell
      microspectroscopy: effect of shape and osmolarity.
AB  - The kinetics of the reaction of CO with intraerythrocytic haemoglobin has been
      studied in single red blood cells (RBC) using a scanning microspectrophotometer
      and a photochemical perturbation method. Measurements have been carried out using
      red blood cells from man and camel (Camelus dromedarius), the latter at different
      osmotic pressures. Camel RBC, which are smaller and different in shape compared
      to human RBC, are known to remain intact even at an osmolarity 6-times lower than
      physiological (280-290 mosm/l), swelling up to twice their normal volume. The
      results show that the recombination time course is affected by diffusion of CO
      through a stagnant layer of solvent around the cell membrane, but that it is also
      influenced by other parameters such as intracellular diffusion of ligand and
      haemoglobin.

PMID- 4043403
TI  - Selected positions of acyl chains are affected differently by antibody binding
      which results in decreased membrane fluidity.
AB  - We have studied the interaction between monoclonal anti-trinitrophenyl antibodies
      (IgGl and IgG2a) and haptenated phospholipid vesicles using stopped-flow
      fluorometry. Conformational changes of the antibodies were induced very rapidly
      (within 0.1 s) after binding to lipid haptens (TNP-Cap-DPPE) on the membrane
      surfaces. Conversely, after that, the bound antibody molecules decreased the
      degree of molecular motion at different depths in the bilayer, ranging from the
      polar head group to the terminal methyl groups of the fatty acyl chains. Such an
      effect reaches all places of the bilayer within 40 s at 25 degrees C.

PMID- 4043404
TI  - Ovulation triggers oxytocin gene expression in the bovine ovary.
AB  - The gene for the nonapeptide neurohormone oxytocin is highly expressed in the
      bovine corpus luteum. Measurements of oxytocin-specific mRNA through the oestrous
      cycle of non-pregnant cows show that transcription is maximal accompanying
      ovulation and decreases rapidly thereafter. In contrast, immunohistochemistry
      shows neurophysin peptide levels to be greatest at mid-cycle. Low levels of
      oxytocin mRNA are detected in follicles and in the luteolytic half of the cycle.
      This mRNA is virtually absent in the corpus luteum of pregnant cattle. No
      cyclicity is evident in hypothalamic oxytocin mRNA levels.

PMID- 4043405
TI  - Release of T-kinin and bradykinin in carrageenin induced inflammation in the rat.
AB  - Plasma and inflammatory fluid kininogen levels, and blood and inflammatory fluid
      free kinin levels were determined in rats 24 h after the injection of carrageenin
      into an air pouch. Plasma T-kininogen levels increased 7-fold. In the
      inflammatory fluid levels reached 8 micrograms/ml. Blood levels of free kinin
      showed a 5-fold increase. The kinins were identified on HPLC as T-kinin (Ile-Ser
      bradykinin) and bradykinin, 63 and 37%, respectively. These results indicate for
      the first time that free T-kinin as well as bradykinin is released during an
      inflammatory response in rat and confirms our previous finding that T-kininogen
      may be a major acute-phase protein in inflammation.

PMID- 4043406
TI  - The myoglobin of rodents Proechimys guairae (casiragua) and Mus musculus (house
      mouse).
AB  - The amino acid sequences of the myoglobins of two rodents, the casiragua and the
      house mouse, have been determined. The myoglobin of casiragua differs from that
      of viscacha (another hystricomorph) at 6 positions. Mouse myoglobin differs from
      that of mole-rat (another myomorph) at 17 positions, whereas casiragua and mouse
      differ at 22 positions. Mouse myoglobin possesses several features unique among
      all known myoglobins (Gly 31, Cys 66, Thr 74 and Glu 113) and one substitution
      unique among known mammalian myoglobins (Glu 53).

PMID- 4043407
TI  - Heparin binding to lipoprotein lipase and low density lipoproteins.
AB  - Heparin was fractionated on an affinity column of bovine milk lipoprotein lipase
      (LpL) immobilized to Affi-Gel-15. The bound heparin, designated high-reactive
      heparin (HRH), enhanced LpL activity, presumably by stabilizing the enzyme
      against denaturation. The unbound heparin fraction had no observable effect on
      the initial rate of enzyme activity. However, at longer times of incubation there
      was inhibition of LpL activity. LpL-specific HRH also showed a high, Ca2+
      dependent precipitating activity towards human plasma low density lipoproteins
      (LDL). Since LpL and LDL both bind to heparin-like molecules at the surface of
      the arterial wall, we suggest that their similar heparin-binding specificity may
      have physiological consequences as it relates to the development of
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4043408
TI  - Influence of platelet activation factor and prostaglandins on cholesterol
      esterification in human plasma.
AB  - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and platelet activation factor (PAF) were found
      respectively to activate or to inhibit cholesterol esterification in whole plasma
      but not in lipoprotein-deficient plasma. It is suggested that these effects are
      mediated by the interaction of PGE1 and PAF with high-density lipoproteins
      [(1984) FEBS Lett. 173, 291-294]. Possible physiological implications of these
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 4043409
TI  - Functional heterogeneity of GEF-free initiation factor 2 purified from suckling
      and adult rat brain.
AB  - The functional behavior of initiation factor 2 was studied in purified
      preparations from the brains of suckling (4-12-day-old) and adult (60-day-old)
      rats. Adult eIF2 has lower GDP and GTP affinity than suckling eIF2, even in the
      presence of a large excess of GTP, whereas suckling eIF2 has a lower capacity to
      bind GTP. Since these two factors are free of guanine nucleotide exchange factor
      (GEF), and ribosomal fractions show an age-dependent difference in GEF activity,
      the observed functional heterogeneity may be due to a different ratio in eIF2
      species (eIF2-GDP, eIF2(alpha P)).

PMID- 4043410
TI  - Different kinetic patterns in the alpha-chymotrypsin-catalysed hydrolysis of
      synthetic ester substrates.
AB  - The reaction of alpha-chymotrypsin with AcTyr-OEt and with AcTrp-OEt at pH 7.0
      and 7.8 was studied over a wide range of substrate concentrations. The reaction
      with AcTyr-OEt at pH 7.8 was shown to be non-hyperbolic using a variety of
      criteria whereas those at pH 7.0 with the same substrate and at both pH values
      with AcTrp-OEt were hyperbolic. The non-hyperbolicity of the reaction with AcTyr
      OEt at pH 7.8 followed a pattern of negative cooperativity with a Hill
      coefficient for the high substrate concentration range of 0.48. Although other
      explanations are possible, the pH dependence of the reaction with AcTyr-OEt could
      be related to the slow transition of the two known forms of the enzyme.

PMID- 4043411
TI  - N-alpha-Tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone and N-alpha-tosyl-L-phenylalanine
      chloromethyl ketone inhibit protein kinase C.
AB  - TLCK (N-alpha-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone) inhibits protein kinase C
      whether or not the enzyme is under the regulation of Ca2+ and phospholipid. TLCK
      (IC50 = 1 mM) is a much more potent inhibitor of protein kinase C than TPCK (N
      alpha-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone) (IC50 = 8 mM), suggesting that
      the lysyl moiety of TLCK may be specifically recognized by the active site of
      protein kinase C. These results extend the evidence that the active site of
      protein kinase C recognizes basic amino acids, and suggest that the active sites
      of protein kinase C and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which is also
      inhibited by TLCK and TPCK, are structurally related.

PMID- 4043412
TI  - [Effect of functional elimination of the hippocampus on learning and memory].

PMID- 4043413
TI  - [Inhibition in neurons of the auditory cortex after rhythmic stimulation of
      geniculo-cortical fibers].

PMID- 4043414
TI  - [Reaction of neurons of the neurostriatum to complex vocalization signals].

PMID- 4043415
TI  - [Inhibition reaction of neurons of the chronically isolated strip of the
      associative cortex of cat brain (field 5) to intracortical electric stimulation].

PMID- 4043416
TI  - [Effect of vasopressin on the cardiovascular system and electric activity of the
      hypothalamus in rabbits of various ages].

PMID- 4043417
TI  - [Reaction of the central nervous system to diethyxime and phenobarbital after the
      application of triorthocresyl phosphate].

PMID- 4043418
TI  - [Age-related changes in the membrane potential of stimulated cells, affecting the
      mechanism of active ion transport].

PMID- 4043419
TI  - [Effect of low-energy laser irradiation on the dynamics of reparative processes
      in a peripheral nerve].

PMID- 4043421
TI  - [Changes in the nature of unconditioned impulsive reactions of neurons of the
      limbic cortex after training in conditioned reflex].

PMID- 4043420
TI  - [Effects of fasting and satiation monoamine levels in the brain].

PMID- 4043423
TI  - [A device for determining experimental mechanical work performed by small
      laboratory animals].

PMID- 4043422
TI  - [Effect of preliminary transplantation of autologous bone marrow on the
      development of experimental aortic lipidosis in rabbits].

PMID- 4043424
TI  - [Diuretic and natriuretic functions of the kidneys of the rat during adaptation
      to cold].
AB  - In cold acclimated male albino rats, in the cold the diuresis, glomerular
      filtration rate and water reabsorption were increased. These values did not
      differ from the control those. The kidney cold-induced diuresis was due to the
      increase of the glomerular filtration rate. The kidney excretion of the sodium
      was decreased during the cold adaptation both in the cold and in the heat. The
      decrease of the sodium excretion seemed to be due to the increase of the Na+-pump
      capacity in the kidneys.

PMID- 4043425
TI  - [Emotional stress-induced changes in catecholamines in the nuclei of the brains
      of rats differing in "open-field" behavior].
AB  - The open-field test was used to study the role of initial emotionality in
      participation of brain catecholamines (CAs) in the BP control under emotional
      stress. The rats different in emotionality differed from each other in the level
      of CAs in single brain nuclei under normal conditions. Under stress, opposite CAs
      changes occurred in rats differing by their initial emotionality, in
      noradrenaline-synthetizing brain nuclei only. The neurochemical processes
      (features) which took part in the central BP control under stress were different
      in rats differing in their initial emotionality.

PMID- 4043426
TI  - [Catecholamines in nuclei of the brains of the August strain rat during
      immobilization stress].
AB  - Changes in epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine levels in different brain
      nuclei of the August rats were studied after 6.5-hr immobilization. The linkage
      between the BP dynamics under emotional stress and changes of catecholamines
      content was observed in epinephrinsynthetizing area A1, norepinephrinsynthetizing
      area A6 (locus Coeruleus) and dopaminsynthetizing area A9 (substantia nigra).
      Sharp increase of the BP in the August rats was related to obvious decrease of
      epinephrine content in A1, norepinephrine in locus coeruleus and dopamine in
      substantia nigra. The data obtained suggest that deficit of the catecholamines
      due to the metabolic changes during emotional stress may result in distutbances
      of the cardiovascular functions control in the August rats.

PMID- 4043427
TI  - [Effect of sodium chloride on the properties of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte].
AB  - The effect of iso- and hypertonic concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) on
      hemoglobin functional properties and acid-base balance in hemolysate, was
      studied. Washing of erythrocytes with 0.85% solution of NaCl decreased the pH and
      hemoglobin affinity to oxygen to such an extent that the Bohr effect increased as
      the result of effect of chloride ions on hemoglobin properties added to the
      effects of pH.

PMID- 4043428
TI  - [Changes in the functions of the blood vessels of skeletal muscles during acute
      hypothermia].
AB  - In acure experiments on cats, changes of resistance, capacitance and filtration
      absorption functions of the m. gastrocnemius' vessels in acute cooling (from 37
      degrees C to 29-27 degrees C) involved first a raise of the perfusion pressure in
      the vessels and its drop in further cooling to 25 degrees C. The pre- to post
      capillary ratio remained unchanged. Integral stretching ability of the venous bed
      was increasing along with the cooling. The capillary filtration coefficient was
      considerably increased. The capillary hydrostatic pressure increased in cooling
      to 27 degrees C and then decreased in further cooling to 25 degrees C.

PMID- 4043429
TI  - [Calcium current and electromechanical coupling in the smooth muscle cells of the
      stomach].
AB  - The relationship between inward current and contraction was studied with double
      sucrose gap technique and measurement of contraction of the small muscular bundle
      in circular muscle from the fundus of guinea pig stomach. In voltage-clamped
      circular muscle, an inward current observed during depolarizing potential step
      was sensitive to Cd2+ or low external Ca2+ and had two components: a transient
      and a steady-state ones. Inactivation of this current was both voltage-dependent
      and Ca-current-dependent. Transient inward current activated phasic contraction,
      while the steady-state current activated tonic contraction. The voltage-
      dependence of the steady-state inward current was estimated with the Hodgkin-
      Huxley equation.

PMID- 4043431
TI  - [Detection of latent motor asymmetry of the brain in intact laboratory animals].

PMID- 4043430
TI  - [Physiological properties of a protein factor isolated from the splenic tissue of
      the rat].
AB  - The protein factor obtained from the rat spleen tissue inhibited non-enzymatic
      fibrinolysis and plasma anticoagulating activity both in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 4043432
TI  - [Device for conjugate measurements of parameters of microcirculation and regional
      hemodynamics in the lungs].

PMID- 4043433
TI  - Method for the preparation of plasmid DNA suitable for physicochemical
      measurements.
AB  - A method has been developed for the isolation of plasmid DNA suitable for
      physical and physicochemical measurements. The procedure is based on the
      deproteinization of the cleared lysate of bacterial cells (after amplification of
      plasmids by chloramphenicol) by phenol at pH 8.0 and subsequent removal of
      chromosomal DNA by means of phenol at pH 4.0 and separation of RNA on a
      hydroxyapatite column at higher temperature. ColE1 DNA sample was compared with
      samples of the same DNA prepared by three thus far used methods. Samples obtained
      by means of the latter methods were contaminated with chromosomal DNA, RNA, or
      ethidium bromide. The presence of ethidium bromide in the DNA sample was a factor
      interfering in the electrochemical analysis, chromosomal DNA and RNA were
      disturbing in the use of other methods. DNA separated by the method devised by us
      was free of any detectable contaminants and fulfilled the high requirements for
      sample purity of differential pulse polarography. Measurements performed by means
      of differential pulse polarography showed that the content of single-stranded
      segments in superhelical ColE1 DNA is less than 0.15% (i.e. less than 20 bases
      per molecule). This is in keeping with the notion that a cruciform is formed in
      this DNA (as a result of tension due to supercoiling) in the region of inverted
      repeat sequence, containing only 5 bases in the single-stranded loop region.

PMID- 4043434
TI  - Progesterone and androgen secretion by isolated cultured bovine corpus luteum
      cells: effect of LH, hCG, PRL, estradiol 17beta and testosterone.
AB  - Primary cell cultures of bovine corpora lutea were used in order to examine their
      morphology and secretion of progesterone and androgen in vitro. The cells were
      grown as monolayers up to 6 days at 37 degrees C medium 199 supplemented with 10%
      calf serum. The concentration of progesterone and androgen was measured using
      appropriate radioimmunoassays [1,3] respectively. Luteal cells were cultured with
      addition of the following amounts of hormones: 100 ng LH, 10 i.u. hCG, 100 ng
      PRL, 150 ng Estradiol 17 beta and 150 ng Testosterone/ml of culture medium. The
      luteal cells also created considerable amounts of androgens. It was found that
      only estradiol added to the culture medium caused an increase in the level of
      testosterone. Progesterone secretion following the addition of hormones increased
      under the influence of LH, T, and E2 in statistically significant manner while
      hCG and PRL had no statistically significant effects.

PMID- 4043435
TI  - Quantitative, qualitative and topographic distribution of lead, zinc, iron and
      copper in hard teeth tissues.
AB  - The objectives of the paper included a quantitative evaluation qualitative and
      topographic distribution of four microelements, namely lead, zinc, iron and
      copper, within enamel prisms, interprismatic region, tubular dentine, and
      intertubular dentine. The studies were carried out with the use of an X-ray
      microanalyser and an electron scanning microscope. The values of lead, zinc, iron
      and copper were higher in the enamel. Topographic curves for all the elements
      were similar within the enamel and dentin, characterized by unevenly distributed
      flat zero segments along with several peaks of diversified amplitude, being
      somewhat denser in the enamel. Qualitative distribution of the elements was also
      similar, and slightly denser within the enamel, the grains being unevenly
      scattered.

PMID- 4043436
TI  - The influence of the antimitotic drug CCNU on the neurosecretion of rat
      hypothalamo-hypophyseal system.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of the
      antimitotic drug CCNU on the morphology of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal
      neurosecretory system of rat. Adult Wistar rats were treated intragastrically
      with 2.5 mg CCNU once a week during 3 consecutive weeks and 5 mg at the end of
      the 4th week. The brains and hypophyses were fixed in Zenker-formol solution.
      Paraffin slices were stained with chromhematoxylin to demonstrate neurosecretory
      material and with cresyl violet. PAS reaction was also performed. The experiment
      resulted in disturbances of the neurosecretory function of the hypothalamo
      hypophyseal system in form of alteration in the content of neurosecretion in the
      neuronal cytoplasm and processes within supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei as
      well as in the neurohypophysis. The morphometric measurements showed enlargement
      of the cell nuclei and cytoplasm volumes in the nucleus supraopticus of
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 4043437
TI  - The role of the BCG dose and the mouse strain in the inhibition of development of
      neoplasms susceptible and nonsusceptible to the action of natural cytotoxic
      cells.
AB  - The susceptibility of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells to the action of
      natural cytotoxic cells of DBA/2 and Balb/c mice in vitro was established.
      Leukaemia L 1210 cells proved insensitive to the in vitro action of natural
      cytotoxic cells of DBA/2 mice, but not to those of Balb/c ones. BCG, one of the
      inductors of cytotoxic NK cells, when administered to DBA/2 or Balb/c mice before
      introduction of EAC cells inhibited the growth of this tumour but did not retard
      the development of leukaemia L 1210 in DBA/2 mice. The change in the number of
      peritoneal exsudate cells (PEC) in DBA/2 mice after intraperitoneal injection of
      BCG was demonstrated to be dependent on the dose and the time elapsed after
      bacilli introduction. The antitumour action of BCG does not depend on changes in
      the number of PEC caused by the bacilli. Both large (3.0 mg) and small (0.02 mg)
      doses of BCG inhibit the development of EAC in Balb/c mice ("sensitive" to BCG),
      notwithstanding the time of administration of the bacilli. In DBA/2 mice
      ("resistant" to BCG) development of EAC can be inhibited only by the large dose
      of BCG since small one is sometimes ineffective.

PMID- 4043438
TI  - Temperature dependence of the dielectric properties of blood.
AB  - The aim of the work was to investigate the temperature effect in physiological
      range on the dielectric properties of a fish (Cyprinus carpio) blood. By applying
      an empirical non-damaging method and statistical analysis of the dielectric data,
      it is observed that a heating of carp blood induces an almost linear value
      variation of the electrical conductivity and permittivity of the intracellular
      matter of carp red blood cells. The dielectric data, however, reveal anomalous
      behaviour for conductivity and permittivity of the interior of carp erythrocytes
      at 23 degrees C and 23 degrees, 37 degrees C, respectively and for both volume
      fraction and dielectric loss factor tg delta at 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 37
      degrees C. For the presented dielectric parameters the temperature coefficient
      and the Arrhenius activation energy were estimated. Moreover, this work led to
      conclusion that the changes of the volume fraction of carp erythrocytes induce
      corresponding variations of the maximum of the dielectric loss factor tg delta
      determined for a whole blood.

PMID- 4043439
TI  - Effect of simultaneous administration of ibuprofen and ethanol on the alkaline
      phosphatase activity in the small intestine.
AB  - Using the interferometric technique the authors studied the effect of
      simultaneous administration of ibuprofen (Polfa) and ethanol on the activity of
      alkaline phosphatase in the proximal jejunum. Both ibuprofen and ethanol cause in
      the digestive tract functional and morphological changes. The used technique of
      quantitative determination of alkaline phosphatase activity at the site of its
      primary location made possible an assessment of changes in the activity of the
      enzyme caused by the administered agents. It was found that after 60 days of the
      experiment both agents caused a statistically greater changes were observed in
      the rats receiving both these agents simultaneously. The obtained results suggest
      the conclusion that simultaneous administration of ibuprofen and ethanol causes
      in the mucosal gland in the proximal small intestine development of an
      interaction of the additive.

PMID- 4043440
TI  - Isolation of the homogeneous constituents from non-diffusible sugar-peptide (NSP)
      fraction originating from bovine plasma. IV. The influence on cell growth of REF
      and R-XC cells in vitro.
AB  - The effect of the NSP fraction and its four peptide constituents (A, C2, D and G)
      on the 3H-thymidine incorporation into REF and R-XC cells in vitro was described.
      Only peptide G (at concentration 5 micrograms/ml) affected the growth of the
      investigated cells, decreasing the 3H-thymidine uptake to 4-13% relative to
      untreated control, regardless of the kind of investigated cells. The effect of
      peptide G, added in concentration 10 ng-1 microgram, however was dependent on the
      type of investigated cells, suggests that neoplastic transformation changes the
      response of rat cells in vitro. The possible explanation of the differences in
      the biological response of the investigated cells to peptide G is proposed.

PMID- 4043441
TI  - A limited survey of retail apple and grape juices for the mycotoxin patulin.
AB  - A retail survey (38 samples) of apple, grape and other juice-based products for
      the mycotoxin patulin has been carried out using HPLC analysis. Positive results
      were confirmed by GC-MS of the TMS derivative using chemical ionization selected
      ion monitoring. No grape juice or mixed juice product contained detectable
      patulin (limit 5 micrograms/l), nor did the majority (58%) of the apple juices.
      Low levels of patulin (in the range 5-10 micrograms/l) were present in six apple
      juices and the remaining four positive samples contained 16, 18, 30 and 56
      micrograms/l.

PMID- 4043442
TI  - Analysis, occurrence and control of Ochratoxin A residues in Danish pig kidneys.
AB  - In Denmark, porcine kidneys displaying macroscopic lesions of mycotoxic
      nephropathy are analysed for Ochratoxin A and the carcass condemned if the
      concentration exceeds 25 micrograms/kg. Since late 1982 these analyses have been
      conducted centrally. The reliability of the one-dimensional thin layer
      chromatographic method is discussed and results from an interlaboratory
      comparison are presented. From 1980 to 1984 there has been an overall decline in
      the rate of ochratoxicosis, interrupted in 1983 by a major increase
      geographically located in the northern half of Jutland. During that year 7639
      kidneys were examined; 3% contained more than 150 micrograms/kg and 29% more than
      25 micrograms/kg Ochratoxin A, corresponding to a condemnation rate of 15 per 100
      000 slaughterings. The early stage of the increased incidence was characterized
      by kidneys with extremely high levels of the toxin; later most of the samples
      were negative or near-negative, as affected pigs were presumably fed a toxin-free
      diet before slaughtering. The efficacy of the control program is discussed in
      view of the 1983 data.

PMID- 4043443
TI  - The dietary significance of adventitious iron, zinc, copper and lead in
      domestically prepared food.
AB  - The uptake of iron, zinc, copper and lead by food cooked under domestic
      conditions in utensils made of different metals (cast iron, aluminium, plain and
      tinned copper) was investigated. It was found that the metal content of the food
      was generally related to the metal in immediate contact with the food during
      cooking. Daily dietary intake could vary from 11 to 6 mg of iron, 11 to 9 mg of
      zinc, 2 to 1 mg of copper and 0.4 to 0.1 mg of lead, depending on the cooking
      utensils used. Dietary intake of the metals was also related to sources and
      domestic practices regarding water supply. Consistent use of municipal water from
      a domestic hot water system could contribute a daily intake of 32 mg iron, 29 mg
      zinc and 12 mg copper. Rainwater stored in a galvanized iron tank could provide
      23 mg of zinc per day when used for domestic purposes. The nutritional and
      toxicological significance of such adventitious sources of metals in the diet are
      discussed. The need to consider them when investigating the metal intake of
      individuals is stressed.

PMID- 4043444
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of the herbicide diuron and its metabolite
      3,4-dichloroaniline in asparagus.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic method is presented for the determination of the
      phenylurea herbicide diuron and its major metabolite, 3,4-dichloroaniline in
      asparagus. The method involves a simple isolation step using dichloromethane
      extraction, followed by reversed phase chromatography on a C18 column, using a
      basic aqueous-organic eluent and UV detection at 254 nm. The limit of
      determination is 0.02 mg/kg for both analytes.

PMID- 4043445
TI  - Delaware's hazardous chemical law.

PMID- 4043446
TI  - Medical record linkage--we need it now!

PMID- 4043447
TI  - Medicine: the challenge of the 1990s.

PMID- 4043448
TI  - Spatial variation in migration processes and development: a Costa Rican example
      of conventional modeling augmented by the expansion method.
AB  - The ways in which migration and development have been linked in previous research
      in Third World settings are reviewed. Intercantonal migration in Costa Rica is
      analyzed, first in terms of a conventional model and then in terms of a paradigm
      of migration that focuses on place-to-place variations in development milieu. The
      results show there is spatial variation in the role of most variables and that
      these variations follow a reasonably consistent pattern with regard to
      development conditions. A series of maps graphically illustrates the importance
      of a spatial frame of reference.

PMID- 4043449
TI  - Variations in interstate migration of men across the early stages of the life
      cycle.
AB  - The results reported here show that the stage of an individual's life cycle not
      only has direct effects on the likelihood of migration, but also establishes a
      context within which the motives to migrate are evaluated and acted upon. One
      contextual impact of the life cycle concerns the effects of length of residence
      on migration. The results show that the probability of migrating declines more
      rapidly over time for married males with children than for singles males--i.e.,
      the difference between the likelihood of migration for single males and married
      males with children widens with increasing length of residence. Much of this
      difference may be due to the greater number and strength of community ties for
      individuals who are married with children. These ties are not well developed at
      the beginning of a residence but continue to strengthen over the course of a
      residence. In addition, there are variations in the levels of job rewards and
      location-specific resources across the life cycle and there are two variations
      across the early life cycle in the effects of independent variables on the
      initial rate of migration. One resource (self-employment) and one job reward
      (prestige) have different effects for single individuals than for either group of
      married males. If the span of the life cycle considered in this analysis were
      broadened to include older men, additional differences in the effects of
      independent variables might be uncovered. In research with cross-sectional data
      containing a wider range of ages than the data used here, Heaton et al. (1981)
      found that economic variables were more important in determining the migration of
      younger individuals than that of older individuals, whereas noneconomic factors
      were more important determinants of the migration of older than of younger
      individuals. The results of this paper and Heaton's results suggest that at
      different stages of life people use a somewhat different "subjective cost-benefit
      calculus" in making migration decisions. The importance of certain migration
      determinants may vary significantly depending on whether an individual is
      married, whether he or she has children, and/or whether he or she is in the labor
      force or retired. Additional research on these issues could greatly contribute to
      our understanding of migration.

PMID- 4043450
TI  - Child support and welfare dependence: a multinomial logit analysis.
AB  - The relation between welfare dependency and receipt of child support is
      investigated with data from a special supplement to the Current Population
      Survey. The impact of receiving child support on a family's welfare status is
      estimated and the types of families for which child support enforcement policies
      may have the greatest impact are identified. Overall, the results indicate that
      receipt of child support has a modest impact on reducing welfare dependency.
      However, the results also indicate that if child support obligations can be
      established and enforced shortly after a marital dissolution takes place, the
      likelihood that a family will later become a welfare recipient is significantly
      reduced.

PMID- 4043451
TI  - Household structure and labor force participation of black, hispanic, and white
      mothers.
AB  - This paper investigates whether the inclusion of nonnuclear adults in a household
      facilitates the labor force participation of single and married mothers. Results
      based on a sample of extended and nuclear households show that the extension
      mechanism facilitates the labor market entry of married mothers, but not of
      single mothers. Interactions between extended structure, ethnicity, and poverty,
      however, suggest a complex relationship. For extended family households, the
      gender and employment characteristics of nonnuclear adults affected the labor
      force participation of single mothers, but the number of nonnuclear members was
      inversely associated with the market activity of married mothers. Policy
      implications are discussed in the final section.

PMID- 4043452
TI  - The effect of changing demographic composition on recent trends in
      underemployment.
AB  - The effect of changing age-sex composition on trends in unemployment and
      underemployment from 1969 to 1980 is estimated. This effect is positive as
      anticipated, but negligible in both absolute and relative terms. For example, no
      more than .35 percent of the increase in unemployment between 1969 and 1980 can
      be attributed to compositional factors. The secular rise in unemployment and
      underemployment from the late 1960s into the 1980s simply cannot be attributed in
      any substantial way to the changing demographic composition of the labor force.

PMID- 4043453
TI  - Reproductive impairments in the United States, 1965-1982.
AB  - The first national estimates of current fecundity status of women of all marital
      statuses indicate that, in 1982, about 5.1 million women were unable to have a
      future birth but would have liked to. About 2.7 million had difficulty bearing
      children, and the other 2.4 million were surgically sterile for noncontraceptive
      reasons. Since 1965, infertility was unchanged overall and in most age groups,
      but increased among wives aged 20-24. This paper explores a number of
      methodological and substantive questions related to reproductive impairments,
      such as the frequency of intercourse, the duration of infertility, and the
      possible causes of trends.

PMID- 4043454
TI  - An evaluation of the population and development program in Egypt.
AB  - Previous rural surveys analyzing the impact of the Egyptian Population and
      Development Program on KAP variables (knowledge, attitudes, and practices of
      contraception) have produced mixed results. In 1982 a survey specifically
      designed to measure program impact contained refinements in questionnaire
      measurement, sampling, and analysis. Each refinement intensified the apparent
      program impact. Fertility itself still appears unresponsive, and attitudes toward
      family size have changed little, but marked differences between program and
      nonprogram areas in contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and practice suggest
      imminent fertility declines in program areas.

PMID- 4043455
TI  - Desired fertility, the "up to God" response, and sample selection bias.
AB  - An unresolved question in the analysis of survey data relating to fertility
      attitudes and beliefs is how non-numeric responses to questions on ideal family
      size should be treated. This paper demonstrates that simply dropping "up to God"
      responses will bias regression results. An unbiased estimator is presented which
      explicitly models the way in which observations are selected into the sample. The
      estimator is then employed on Guatemalan and Indian data. No support for the
      notion that women who answer "up to God" are women who would have given
      relatively large numeric answers is found in these two samples.

PMID- 4043456
TI  - On the dynamics of populations with two age groups.
AB  - By restricting the number of age groups to two and by introducing continued
      fractions, the dynamics of populations with deterministically changing vital
      rates are completely specified at all times. Explicit expressions for the
      sequence of the product of population projection matrices are given. From these,
      relative age distribution and reproductive values to any desired accuracy are
      obtained as functions of the vital rates. Thus, the results given in this paper
      are stronger than any existing weak ergodic theorems.

PMID- 4043457
TI  - The influence of certain clinical parameters on the immunoglobulin level in
      patients with simple psoriasis.

PMID- 4043458
TI  - [Removal of tattoos by excision and spontaneous epithelization under SYSpur
      derm].

PMID- 4043459
TI  - [Cryptosporidium enteritidis. Occurrence in southern Lower Saxony. Study of
      urticaria as an example].

PMID- 4043460
TI  - [Multiple basalomas as a late consequence of acute iatrogenic arsenic poisoning
      in childhood].

PMID- 4043461
TI  - [Recommendation for a prescription of an emulsion for the care of sensitive and
      diseased skin].

PMID- 4043462
TI  - Serum acid hydrolases in normal individuals and in patients with active plaque
      psoriasis.

PMID- 4043463
TI  - [Intrafollicular mollusca contagiosa].

PMID- 4043464
TI  - [Folk medicine in Ethiopia. 3. Practical activities of a "traditional healer"].

PMID- 4043465
TI  - [Is the somatotropic hormone of etiopathogenic importance in psoriasis?].

PMID- 4043466
TI  - [Lipoma of brown adipose tissue].

PMID- 4043467
TI  - [Contact dermatitis caused by Daphnia].

PMID- 4043468
TI  - Sweet's syndrome and toxoplasmosis: a coincidental association?
AB  - A case report of febrile neutrophilic dermatosis as previously described by
      Sweet. The acute febrile illness is accompanied by plaque eruption and a positive
      toxoplasma indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Moreover, clinical and
      histopathological manifestations were compatible with the cutaneous reactive
      manifestation of toxoplasmosis and disappeared only after specific therapy.

PMID- 4043469
TI  - Multiple eruptive verrucous hemangiomas: a variant of multiple hemangiomatosis.
AB  - We present a case of an 8-year-old girl, who has, since birth, developed multiple
      angiomatous lesions of the skin. The evolution has been progressive and eruptive,
      with the lesions, beginning as reddish papulae, acquiring later a verrucous
      appearance. The case has revealed no associated systemic symptoms nor relevant
      family history of any interest. The clinical picture suggests multiple
      hemangiomatosis. The histopathology seems to relate this disorder to verrucous
      hemangioma, and therefore needs to be differentiated from angiokeratotic nevi. To
      our knowledge, reports of a similar clinicopathological picture are not mentioned
      in the literature.

PMID- 4043470
TI  - Malignant pyoderma. Report of a case associated with a disorder of the immune
      system.
AB  - A 41-year-old man developed multiple suppurative ulcers and subcutaneous
      inflammatory nodules and abscesses on the face, the trunk and the extremities.
      Repeated bacterial and fungus cultures gave nonspecific and inconstant results.
      Light-microscopic studies showed diffuse inflammatory reaction in the dermis with
      abscess formation and tissue destruction. There was no evidence of blood vessel
      inflammatory changes. The course of the disease was characterized by marked
      chronicity and partial response to systemic steroid and antibiotic therapy.
      Treatment with clofazimine resulted in a marked improvement of the lesions.
      Laboratory test results suggest that a deficiency of cell-mediated immunity,
      associated with increased concentrations of immunoglobulins, may have been the
      pathogenic event in this case.

PMID- 4043471
TI  - Acrosyringial epidermolytic papulosis neviformis.
AB  - A 42-year-old woman showed multiple verrucous papules on her right ring finger.
      Histology revealed a hyperkeratotic plug and epidermal foci of epidermolytic
      hyperkeratosis exclusively involving the intraepidermal sweat duct units. We
      propose the term acrosyringial epidermolytic papulosis neviformis or
      epidermolytic sweat duct nevus to define this unique entity.

PMID- 4043472
TI  - Cutaneous vasculitis in a patient with acute brucellosis.
AB  - A patient suffering from brucellosis developed maculonodular and purpuric
      lesions. The skin biopsy showed granulomatous vasculitis with no deposition of
      immunoglobulins and complement on the vessels.

PMID- 4043473
TI  - [Trichome].
AB  - A 4 year-old boy presented an acute pruriginous dermatitis of the hands, forearms
      and abdomen. A skin surface biopsy revealed numerous trichomes, small prickles
      present on plants. These trichomes were those of prickly pears and stuck deeply
      in the skin, inducing an inflammatory reaction known as Sabra dermatitis. A
      number of plant dermatitides are due to the presence of trichomes such as those
      due to linden, primula, wild rose or nettle.

PMID- 4043474
TI  - Genetic susceptibility in pityriasis versicolor.
AB  - 300 patients with pityriasis versicolor, 168 males and 132 females, of different
      ages were included in this study. Each was subjected to a detailed structured
      questionnaire. All the available relatives had been examined. Pedigrees were
      constructed and segregation analysis was done using the mathematics of population
      genetics. The collected data showed genetic susceptibility which is inconsistent
      with any of the single gene defects but fulfill the criteria of multifactorial
      (genetic-environmental) inheritance. The heritability was estimated to be 22.2%
      in the first-degree relatives.

PMID- 4043475
TI  - Soft-X-ray therapy in Bowen's disease and erythroplasia of Queyrat.
AB  - The therapeutic results obtained with soft-X-ray irradiation on 77 lesions in 52
      patients are reported. 35 males (67.3%) and 17 females (32.7%) were treated.
      Clinical and histological features revealed Bowen's disease in 73 cases (94.8%)
      and erythroplasia of Queyrat in 4 cases (5.2%). The primary healing was rated as
      100% in all cases up to 6 months after a cumulative dosage of 3,200-5,000 R. 2
      cases with a genital localization (2.6% of all sites and 11.1% of anogenital
      localizations) relapsed after 8 and 16 months, respectively. The follow-up period
      ranged from 1 to 11 years with a mean of 3 years. In order not to miss the late
      recurrences, the oncologic follow-up is taken care of by the Dermatology
      Department of the Zurich University Hospital during 10 years, or longer in some
      cases. Association with a malignant internal tumour (larynx, bronchi, anus) was
      found in 3 patients (5.8%).

PMID- 4043476
TI  - Combined UVB and UVA phototherapy of atopic eczema.
AB  - The effect of combined UVB-UVA treatment in a group of 23 patients with severe
      atopic eczema was compared to UVB therapy alone in 33 patients. Mean age and
      number of treatments were approximately the same in the two groups. With UVB-UVA
      treatment, 48% achieved complete remission and in another 48% good improvements
      were obtained as compared to 27 and 58%, respectively, in the group treated with
      UVB alone. A few failures were recorded in the UVB group. Some possible
      explanations for the better effect of the combined UVB-UVA treatment are given.

PMID- 4043477
TI  - [Post-traumatic proliferative myositis].
AB  - A clinical and histological study of one case of proliferative myositis is
      reported. The relationship between that entity, and dermatofibromas and
      Dupuytren's disease are discussed.

PMID- 4043478
TI  - Terminological barbarisms overdue for retirement.

PMID- 4043479
TI  - Ontogeny of the invertebrate humoral immune response: studies on various
      developmental stages of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana).
AB  - Earlier studies revealed that a specific adaptive humoral immune response can be
      induced in the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) to the soluble protein
      complex, Honeybee venom (HBT). We have undertaken a series of ontogenetic studies
      to determine if there are differences between the protective responses of roaches
      representing different developmental stages. Our results indicated that the
      response to HBT in the immature cockroach (nymphs weighing 200-500 mg) was
      characterized by a significant lag period before immune protection began to
      develop. However, by the second week of the response, reactivity was comparable
      to that of the adult. Old adult male roaches (animals 5 months into adulthood)
      displayed a significant decline in reactivity during the early phases of the
      response in comparison to younger adults, and in general, appeared to be less
      vigorous in generating protection. Both the nymph and old adult roaches
      demonstrated good secondary responsiveness. The results from these experiments
      indicated that the developmental stage of the roach could be directly correlated
      to the degree of immunocompetency possessed by the animal. This is similar to the
      ontogenetic sequence typically found for immune reactivity in vertebrates.

PMID- 4043480
TI  - In vitro production of hydrogen peroxide by the amoebocytes of the scallop,
      Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay).
AB  - In vitro production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the amoebocytes of the
      scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, was studied. The authors first confirmed the
      availability of the direct quantitative method using homovanillic acid, and found
      that both resting and stimulated amoebocytes produced H2O2. However, the latter
      showed higher capacity for H2O2 production. The amoebocytes stimulated by
      concanavalin A released a large amount of H2O2 compared with the cells challenged
      with three species of bacteria.

PMID- 4043481
TI  - Immunity to Aeromonas salmonicida in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) induced
      by modified Freund's complete adjuvant: its non-specific nature and the probable
      role of macrophages in the phenomenon.
AB  - Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), vaccinated with one intraperitoneal
      injection of formalin-killed virulent Aeromonas salmonicida cells suspended in
      saline, showed increased protection against approximately one LD60 of homologous
      challenge administered at 30 days post-vaccination. Under similar conditions,
      coho vaccinated with a modified complete Freund's adjuvant (MFCA) alone were also
      equally protected. When measured against a more severe A. salmonicida challenge
      of approximately one LD95, the strength of the MFCA-induced protection was found
      to exceed that produced by the homologous bacterin administered in saline or
      incomplete adjuvant, and the protection was still evident at 90 days post
      treatment. Other more precise measurements indicated the LD50 for MFCA-treated
      coho to be up to 450 times that for saline-treated coho. Two other tested
      adjuvants, levamisole and MDP (N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine),
      administered in a modified Freund's incomplete adjuvant, also enhanced anti-A.
      salmonicida immunity but to a lesser degree. The active factor in MFCA was a
      killed Mycobacterium butyricum preparation, and the anti-A. salmonicida immunity
      it induced was non-specific because the immunity extended to two other
      serologically distinct fish pathogens tested: A. hydrophila (LD50 increase of 5.3
      fold) and Vibrio ordalii (LD50 increase of 560-fold). Macrophages are believed to
      account for the M. butyricum-induced anti-A. salmonicida immunity because the
      immunity was a) non-specific, b) very rapid in onset (it was measurable by 4
      days), and c) influenced by particulate preparations, known to affect macrophage
      function and immunity in mammals. The possible benefits of adjuvant-induced non
      specific immunity in cultured fish are discussed.

PMID- 4043482
TI  - Cell-mediated immune response of Chelonia mydas.
AB  - Blastogenic and cytotoxic responsiveness of peripheral blood leukocytes from the
      green turtle, Chelonia mydas were examined. Blastogenic responses were low level
      and showed considerable variation between animals. Blastogenesis in response to
      phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A was observed through out all seasons.
      Responses to pokeweed mitogen and lipopolysaccharide were seasonal, appearing in
      spring. No blastogenic response to protein A or allogeneic leukocytes was
      observed. Cytotoxic responses to phytohemagglutinin and antibody-dependent cell
      mediated cytotoxicity were of significant magnitude and, all animals responded in
      a similar manner. No spontaneous cytotoxic reactivity was observed.

PMID- 4043483
TI  - Differential effects of thyroxine on immune development and autoimmune
      thyroiditis in the obese strain chicken.
AB  - The effects of dietary thyroxine (T4) supplementation for specific periods on the
      early development of the primary lymphoid organs and spontaneous autoimmune
      thyroiditis (SAT) was examined in the Obese (OS) strain of chicken. Effects of
      the treatments on concentrations of serum growth hormone (GH) and testosterone
      were also determined. All treatment groups were examined at 6 weeks. T4
      supplementation did not affect serum testosterone or GH concentrations. However
      T4 given for the first three weeks resulted in significantly increased bursa
      weights, no change in thymic weights, significantly decreased lymphoid
      infiltration of the thyroid and reduced thyroglobulin autoantibody levels
      (TgAAb). T4 supplementation for the full six weeks resulted in no change in
      bursal weight, significantly increased thymic weight, significantly decreased
      lymphoid infiltration of the thyroid, and reduced TgAAb. These results suggest
      that the effects of T4 supplementation on SAT and immune development are
      dependent on the interval during which it is administered and that testosterone
      and GH probably do not mediate these effects.

PMID- 4043484
TI  - The use of Ficoll-Hypaque double density gradients in the separation of avian
      granulocytes from other cell types for the purpose of cell flow cytometric
      analysis.
AB  - Avian peripheral blood and embryonic spleen cells were prepared for cell flow
      cytometry. The Ortho Spectrum III was the flow cytometer used in these
      experiments. The major objectives were to identify the location of lymphocytes
      and granulocytes in the cytogram displayed by flow cytometry, to develop a
      technique which would allow the collection of granulocytes relatively free of
      other cell types and to characterize the cell cycle within these cell
      populations. The cytogram of fresh avian cells developed in the Ortho Spectrum
      III revealed three characteristic cell clusters. Peripheral blood or embryonic
      spleen cells were separated on a Ficoll-Hypaque double density gradients into two
      distinct layers and a pellet. Light microscopic examination revealed the top
      layer of cells to be primarily lymphocytes while the middle layer of cells was
      granulocytes. Presentation of the cells from these layers to the Ortho Spectrum
      III revealed that granulocytes made up Cluster 3 while lymphocytes were included
      in the other clusters. The Ortho Spectrum III was employed to determine the
      presence of G1 (pre-DNA synthesis), S (DNA synthesis), and G2/M (post-DNA
      synthesis and mitosis) phases of cells in Clusters 1 and 2 and Cluster 3. While
      all the cells from peripheral blood were in G1, the embryonic spleen revealed
      cells in G1, S and G2/M in both Clusters 1 and 2 and Cluster 3.

PMID- 4043485
TI  - Phylogenetic origins of humoral immune mediators. Part I: The invertebrates.
      Symposium, Denver, December 29, 1984.

PMID- 4043486
TI  - Soluble mediators of cytolytic activity in hemocytes of the Asian clam, Corbicula
      fluminea.
AB  - Serum-free hemocytes from the clam, Corbicula fluminea, are cytolytic to
      mammalian erythrocytes (RBCs) as demonstrated in a hemoglobin release assay. The
      reaction is hemocyte dose- and temperature-dependent, and is mediated by the
      release of soluble hemolytic factors from clam cells. Initiation of hemocyte
      secretory activity does not appear to require contact with target RBCs. The
      chemical nature of the secreted lysin(s) has not been determined; however, PAGE
      analysis of hemocyte extracts (lysates) reveals the presence of at least five
      peaks of lytic activity. This activity is sensitive to heat and proteolytic
      enzyme treatment, and can be removed by absorption with fixed, homologous RBCs.
      Thus it is likely that the secreted hemocyte lysin is a heat-labile protein which
      exerts its hemolytic activity by binding directly to target RBC membrane
      constituents.

PMID- 4043487
TI  - Plasma components which mediate cellular defences in the gastropod mollusc
      Biomphalaria glabrata.
AB  - Blood plasmas from certain strains of Biomphalaria glabrata are known to have
      components which facilitate a hemocyte-effected cytotoxic response against
      encapsulated Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts. The possible identity of the
      factor(s) has been investigated. Sporocysts placed in snail plasma rapidly
      acquire a wide variety of host plasma antigens, at least some of which are
      displayed on the parasite surface. Plasmas from strains of snail resistant to the
      parasite agglutinate fixed sporocysts, while plasmas from susceptible strains
      fail to do so. Fixed sporocysts incubated in plasma bind selectively a
      subpopulation of plasma antigens; some are bound uniquely in resistant plasma.
      Another resembles a hemagglutinin from snail plasma. These and other recently
      acquired data are discussed in light of increasing evidence for defensive roles
      of multivalent lectins.

PMID- 4043488
TI  - Preliminary characterization of the inducible humoral factor in the American
      cockroach (Periplaneta americana).
AB  - Previous studies have defined an inducible humoral immune response in the
      American cockroach that demonstrates specificity and memory. In addition, the
      response is affected by the age and gender of the animal. Preliminary studies
      have been initiated to determine which of the protein components found in immune
      hemolymph might be responsible for mediating this activity. Comparisons between
      hemolymphs from immune and control animals, using SDS-PAGE gel analysis, revealed
      that there was a unique band generated in immune animals with an approximate MW
      of 162K. In addition, several other bands, with MWs of 220K, 115K, 102K, 95K, 80K
      and 77K, appear to be enhanced in immune hemolymph. The 240K, 220K and 115K bands
      were found only in females, and so have been temporarily excluded from further
      study because they were gender-dependent. When hemolymph samples were absorbed
      with HBT toxoid, the 162K band was no longer present in immune hemolymph, and the
      115K, 102K, 95K and the 80/77K doublet were all greatly reduced as compared to
      controls. Analysis of supernatants from 24 hour cultures of cells from immune and
      BTS-injected animals, revealed that immune cells secreted the 162K, 102K, 95K and
      80K bands. The 115K band was barely detectable, and the 77K band appeared to be
      missing. Thus, these studies have provided some valuable initial information that
      reduces the number of proteins that should be considered for further study as
      mediators of the roach inducible humoral response.

PMID- 4043489
TI  - Self blood glucose monitoring: evaluation of Haemo-Glukotest 20-800R, Visidex I
      and Reflolux.
AB  - Trained staff-members evaluated the accuracy of Haemo-Glukotest 20-800R (= HG 20
      800R), Visidex I and Reflolux in 135 blood glucose measurements. A glucose
      oxidase method was used as reference method. Although the correlation between the
      3 methods tested was excellent, more detailed analysis revealed for all methods a
      clear deviation from the real blood glucose, especially in the low blood glucose
      range. This might result in an inappropriate adaptation of the insulin dose, when
      the estimated blood glucose is used in connection with a classic algorithm. Apart
      from this limitation, Reflolux had the best accuracy, followed by HG 20-800R. If
      stored in a desiccated tube, the HG 20-800R strip can be reliably re-read
      (visually or with Reflolux) even after 7 days. Visidex I is unsuitable for
      storage and re-reading.

PMID- 4043490
TI  - Alloxan effects on mitochondria in vitro, studied with regard to inhibition of
      mitochondrial aconitase.
AB  - The recently observed inhibition by alloxan of mitochondrial aconitase was
      studied with regard to oxygen consumption, accumulated Ca2+ and volume of
      isolated mitochondria from mouse islets (not used for respiratory experiments),
      liver and kidneys. Altered respiration, efflux of Ca2+ and volume increase were
      induced in a manner dependent on the concentration of alloxan, the energetic
      state of the mitochondria, the addition of Ca2+ and reductant, and the type and
      concentration of substrate used. State 3 and, less pronounced, state 4
      respiration were inhibited, accumulated Ca2+ was released, and the mitochondrial
      volume was increased at a minimum concentration of alloxan of 10-100 microM when
      pyruvate, citrate or cis-aconitate were substrates. The alloxan effects were less
      marked or absent when other substrates were used. The efflux of Ca2+ induced by
      alloxan in mitochondria respiring on pyruvate, citrate or cis-aconitate was
      inhibited or reversed by isocitrate. Potentiation of the alloxan effects was seen
      on increasing the concentration of alloxan, decreasing the concentration of
      substrate, addition of low concentrations of Ca2+ or reductant, and addition of
      alloxan before the substrate (non-energized state). The data support the finding
      of inhibition by alloxan of mitochondrial aconitase.

PMID- 4043491
TI  - Glycosylated serum proteins in diabetic patients and their relation to metabolic
      parameters.
AB  - Glycosylated plasma proteins (GSP) and some metabolic parameters (plasma glucose
      profile, urine glucose excretion, glycosylated hemoglobin, cholesterol,
      triglycerides) were evaluated in 70 diabetic and 70 normal subjects. Of the late
      diabetic complications, retinopathy, nephropathy and somatic neuropathy were
      evaluated. Proliferative retinopathy was observed in 41 of the 70 diabetics
      studied. No retinopathy or background retinopathy was observed in 29 diabetics.
      Nephropathy was diagnosed in 39 patients and somatic neuropathy in 44 patients;
      26 diabetic subjects had no complications. GSP levels were 0.82 +/- 0.03
      nmolHMF/mg prot in diabetics and 0.43 +/- 0.02 nmolHMF/mg prot in controls. GSP
      levels were positively correlated with metabolic parameters evaluated the same
      day and 14 days before. A positive correlation between GSP and triglycerides was
      seen for the first time. The patients with retinopathy showed levels of GSP
      significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in respect to patients with background
      retinopathy or absence of it (0.91 +/- 0.03 vs 0.74 +/- 0.04 nmolHMF/mg prot).
      GSP were significantly higher in the patients with somatic neuropathy (0.93 +/-
      0.02 nmolHMF/mg prot) (p less than 0.001) than in the subjects without neuropathy
      (0.72 +/- 0.04 nmolHMF/mg prot). GSP levels were 0.92 +/- 0.03 nmolHMF/mg prot in
      diabetics with proteinuria and 0.75 +/- 0.04 nmolHMF/mg prot in diabetics without
      proteinuria (p less than 0.001). These results confirm the importance of GSP
      determination as another parameter of glycemic control and particularly as an
      index of the overall protein glycosylation processes.

PMID- 4043492
TI  - A screening procedure for diabetes in pregnancy.
AB  - A screening system for detection of diabetes in pregnancy was carried out in a
      geographically well-defined unselected population of 2 457 pregnant women all
      living in the community of Copenhagen. The screening was based on clinical
      criteria for potential diabetes consisting of previous delivery of a large baby,
      a family history of diabetes and obesity combined with examination of glucosuria
      and determination of the fasting blood glucose concentration. It was possible to
      follow up 95% of all pregnancies. One hundred and ninety women had a positive
      screening determination and among these women, 24 (1%) were found to have
      diabetes in pregnancy. It was established that a fasting blood glucose
      concentration of 4.1 mmol/l was the ideal cut-off point for referring potential
      diabetics to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The screening procedure is
      easy to administer and acceptable for the pregnant woman. The screening OGTT
      should be performed in the second or third trimester as only one woman had
      diabetes detected in the first trimester in this study.

PMID- 4043493
TI  - [Antihypertensive medication and glycoregulation].

PMID- 4043494
TI  - [Diabetes and color vision].

PMID- 4043495
TI  - Automatic measurement of walking speed and stride length.

PMID- 4043496
TI  - A static experimental stress analysis of a single plateau of the Geomedic knee
      joint using embedded strain gauges.

PMID- 4043497
TI  - Measuring devices for studying joint mobility in the normal population.

PMID- 4043499
TI  - Comprehensive creep behaviour of irradiated ultra high molecular weight
      polyethylene at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 4043498
TI  - Bone mineral assay: its relation to the mechanical strength of cancellous bone.

PMID- 4043500
TI  - Design of intramedullary femoral stems using computer graphics.

PMID- 4043501
TI  - A comparison of knee joint and muscle forces in women 36 weeks pregnant and four
      weeks after delivery.

PMID- 4043503
TI  - Processing of non-invasive signals from the fetal heart. Abstracts from the third
      workshop of the Working Group on Description and Evaluation of Cardiotocograms,
      European Community Project "Perinatal Monitoring", Heidelberg, 17-20 November
      1984.

PMID- 4043502
TI  - Effects of fetal breathing movements on umbilical venous blood flow in fetal
      lambs.
AB  - The effects of fetal breathing movements on the blood flow pattern in the common
      umbilical vein were studied in six chronically instrumented fetal lambs between
      106 and 143 days gestation. Umbilical venous blood flow was measured with an
      electromagnetic flow transducer around the intra-abdominal common umbilical vein.
      Fetal breathing movements were recorded by means of an intratracheal catheter.
      During rapid irregular breathing movements instantaneous umbilical venous blood
      flow showed undulations with the frequency of the breathing movements. An
      inspiratory movement, characterized by a fall in tracheal pressure (mean +/- S.D.
      = 5.3 +/- 1.7 mmHg) was accompanied by a decrease in instantaneous umbilical
      venous blood flow (mean +/- S.D. = 10.5 +/- 2.8%). This decrease in umbilical
      blood flow during inspiration was accompanied by an increase in intra-abdominal
      pressure. A much greater decrease (mean +/- S.D. = 40.6 +/- 18.4%) in
      instantaneous umbilical venous blood flow occurred during deep inspiratory
      efforts (mean pressure drop +/- S.D. = 15.5 +/- 4.3 mmHg), accompanied by marked
      increases in intra-abdominal pressure. Isolated expiratory efforts resulted in an
      increase in both tracheal (mean +/- S.D. = 6.3 +/- 2.6 mmHg) and intra-abdominal
      pressure, while umbilical venous blood flow decreased (mean +/- S.D. = 33.5 +/-
      21.3%). These observations show the great influence of fetal respiratory
      movements on the blood flow pattern in the common umbilical vein. The changes in
      instantaneous umbilical venous blood flow are possibly brought about by changes
      in intra-abdominal pressure.

PMID- 4043504
TI  - Modulations in mouse hemopoiesis after engraftment with Lewis lung (3LL)
      carcinoma cells.
AB  - Hemopoietic changes in male C57BL/6Cum BR mice engrafted with Lewis lung
      carcinoma (3LL) were evaluated between day 7, when palpable tumors were present,
      to day 30 postengraftment. All experimental animals demonstrated decreasing
      hematocrits (down 40% by day 30) with concurrent leukocytosis which by day 30
      postengraftment had reached levels 13.4 times normal. The myelocytic/erythrocytic
      ratio for normal animals was 1:3 (bone marrow: spleen). The ratio for engrafted
      animals ranged between 10:1 and 40:1. This apparent shift in production
      priorities is even more significant in light of the fact that femoral bone marrow
      cellularity had decreased by 33% on day 17. Splenomegaly, evident by day 7, was
      seven times control by day 17. Clonogenic analysis of erythroprogenitor cell
      concentrations revealed an inverse relationship between bone marrow and spleen.
      27 days after engraftment, splenic populations demonstrated significant increases
      in colony forming unit-erythroid (115-fold), burst forming unit-erythroid (7.4
      fold), whereas bone marrow concentrations had decreased (6-fold). This report
      suggests that initiation of 3LL tumor in mice results in a change in the degree
      of hematopoietic priorities and participation of erythroid organs.

PMID- 4043505
TI  - Biological activity of synthetic subunits of streptococcus peptidoglycan. III.
      Relationship of subunit and analogue structure to adjuvant activity in cell
      mediated immunity.
AB  - Each of a series of synthetic peptidoglycan subunits and subunit analogues was
      injected in combination with streptococcus type M24 antigen extract. The
      substances tested were: (8a) N-acetylmuramyldipeptide (MDP) and the following
      derivatives thereof: MDP modified in positions C3 and C4, or with L-alanine
      substituted by L-2-aminobutyric acid or with the peptide chain prolonged (by
      three lysines or a polylysine); (b) some synthetically prepared peptides: a
      hexapeptide, a tridecapeptide and an octadecapeptide. Configurations in positions
      C3 and C4 were found essential for the adjuvant effect. Adjuvant activity, though
      somewhat lower than in MDP, was pronounced in the analogue containing the L-2
      aminobutyryl residue. Surprisingly, potent adjuvant effect was displayed by the
      hexapeptide; prolongation of the peptidic chain was not effective. The use of a
      polymeric carrier for MDP increased the adjuvant effect. Contrary to expectation,
      streptococcal antigens used with immunoadjuvant materials showed that induced
      delayed hypersensitivity was type related.

PMID- 4043506
TI  - Response to ionizing radiation of human bladder transitional cell carcinomas
      grown in the nude mouse.
AB  - The sensitivity to ionizing radiation of three human bladder transitional cell
      carcinomas grown in the nude mouse was investigated at four different radiation
      levels, 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 rad. Each tumor line exhibited a response
      pattern which reflected to a certain degree tumor differentiation and growth rate
      in the nude mouse. Exposure to 1,000 rad was the minimum amount of radiation
      required to produce a distinct, although transient, tumor response in all three
      tumor lines characterized by a growth delay of 3-4 weeks, whereas maximum tumor
      response was observed at the 4,000 rad radiation level. These studies would
      permit a better understanding of the behavior of human bladder cancer to ionizing
      radiation and may further facilitate efforts at identifying effective
      radiosensitizing agents that may result in maximizing tumor response.

PMID- 4043507
TI  - Effects of ethanol on the lipid composition of bovine vascular smooth muscle
      cells in culture.
AB  - Ethanol (50 mM) had no effect on the growth rate or viability of arterial smooth
      muscle cells over 3.5 days. The cholesterol:phospholipid ratio of the cells was
      unchanged after 7 days exposure. The major phospholipid components
      phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and
      phosphatidylinositol were unchanged by ethanol exposure. Sphingomyelin content
      fell significantly within 12 hr. There were major changes in the fatty acid
      composition of the phospholipids with a reduction in saturated fatty acids and an
      increase in unsaturated fatty acids.

PMID- 4043508
TI  - Hydrophobic photolabelling of sarcoplasmic reticulum with [125I]TID.
AB  - [125I]TID, a small photoreactive lipophylic reagent, was used to label intrinsic
      proteins of rabbit and rat sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. A 160,000
      glycoprotein, the Ca2+-ATPase and polypeptides of mol. wt 53-55,000, 30,000,
      20,000 and 6000 dalton were labelled suggesting that these proteins are integral
      membrane components.

PMID- 4043509
TI  - A comparison between effects of chronic ethanol consumption, ethanol withdrawal
      and fasting in ethanol-fed rats on the free cytosolic NADP+/NADPH ratio and NADPH
      regenerating enzyme activities in the liver.
AB  - Effects of chronic ethanol consumption, withdrawal and fasting on the free
      cytosolic NADP+/NADPH ratio and NADPH-regenerating enzyme activities of rat liver
      were studied. Ethanol consumption was shown to decrease the NADP+/NADPH ratio in
      non-fasted rats, and both ethanol withdrawal and fasting in ethanol-fed animals
      appeared to increase the ratio to the normal or higher level. Any treatment of
      rats caused the complex interaction on hepatic NADPH-regenerating enzyme
      activities, none of the enzyme activity correlating with the free cytosolic
      NADP+/NADPH ratio. Relationship between free cytosolic NADP+/NADPH ratio and
      lipogenic capacity of withdrawn rat liver is discussed, and a hypothesis for
      development of the fatty liver is suggested.

PMID- 4043510
TI  - Differences in the mode of iodination of H2a variants in chromatin.
AB  - Modification of H2a variants with radioactive iodine was used to study under
      different ionic conditions the accessibility of their tyrosine residues in
      chromatin, in monosomes and when free in solution. The modification of tyrosine
      57 in the hydrophobic part of H2a was found responsible for the appearance of new
      fractions with a reduced electrophoretic mobility in the presence of Trition X
      100, detected only by autoradiography (radioactive "ghosts"). At low ionic
      strength a very small number of molecules were iodinated in chromatin, the
      modification affecting only their hydrophobic region. At moderate ionic strength
      the tyrosine residues near the N-terminal region of the molecule were
      predominantly modified. In chromatin the accessibility of the tyrosine residues
      of H2a1 was much greater than that of H2a2, a difference not observed with free
      histones.

PMID- 4043511
TI  - Analysis of iron-binding components in the low molecular weight fraction of rat
      reticulocyte cytosol.
AB  - Rat reticulocytes were incubated with rat 125I-Tf-59Fe under conditions
      inhibiting heme synthesis. Cytosol, prepared from the reticulocytes, was
      separated and analysed by gel filtration and Amicon Ultrafiltration. An iron
      containing low molecular weight fraction derived from the cytosol was further
      analysed by HPLC size-exclusion chromatography and HPLC reversed phase
      chromatography. Conditions inhibiting heme synthesis and uncoupling the oxidative
      phosphorylations lead to a large increase in the Fe-containing low molecular
      weight fraction in the cytosol. The components in the low molecular weight
      fraction have an apparent molecular weight of 5500 Dalton as determined with HPLC
      size-exclusion chromatography. The low molecular weight fraction contained
      several iron chelating components like glycin, 1/2 cystine and citrate, but no
      specific iron-binding proteins, nucleotides or pyrophosphate.

PMID- 4043512
TI  - Effect of phosphate and other inorganic anions on the activity of chicken liver
      cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase.
AB  - Chicken liver aspartate aminotransferase was inhibited by several inorganic
      anions. The inhibitory effect of the anions was related to their chaotropic
      character. Apparent Km (2-oxoglutarate) and Km (L-aspartate) values depended on
      the molarity of the buffer. The profile of the curves obtained did not depend on
      the nature of the enzyme sample assayed. Phosphate slightly inhibited the
      holoaspartate aminotransferase and was a strong inhibitor of apoaspartate
      aminotransferase with respect to pyridoxal phosphate.

PMID- 4043513
TI  - Inhibition of experimental porphyria with colchicine.
AB  - Colchicine at the concentrations of 5 X 10(-7) - 5 X 10(-6) M decreased
      significantly both delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity and accumulation
      of porphyrins in monolayers of chick embryo liver cells induced by allyl
      isopropylacetamide, by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine or by
      phenobarbitone. No effect was noted in non-induced cells. In rats, colchicine 0.3
      mg/kg, reduced significantly the allyl-isopropylacetamide induced increase in the
      activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase in the liver and the concentration
      of urinary porphyrins while it did not affect these parameters in non-induced
      rats.

PMID- 4043514
TI  - Contraceptive social marketing: lessons from experience.

PMID- 4043515
TI  - Social marketing of oral rehydration therapy.

PMID- 4043516
TI  - Comparison of the efficacy of furosemide with two furosemide-triamterene
      combinations in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency.
AB  - Nine patients suffering from cardiac insufficiency were given furosemide and two
      furosemide-triamterene combination products in random order. A statistically
      significant diuretic response was achieved with all these preparations. The
      combination of furosemide and triamterene brought about a 'softer' diuresis, no
      hypokalaemia and the advantage of dosage as only one tablet, thus eliminating the
      need for taking two separate drugs.

PMID- 4043517
TI  - Food poisoning--fact or fiction? An observation of the current interpretation of
      the term 'food-poisoning'.
AB  - The Communicable Disease Report number 84/52 has given a clear indication that
      Campylobacter infections are now the most significant reported causes of
      gastrointestinal infection. The figures given indicate approximately 22,000
      Campylobacter infections in 1984 as opposed to approximately 14,000 Salmonella
      infections, with, more importantly, the trend increasing with regard to
      Campylobacter, and decreasing with regard to Salmonella infections. Campylobacter
      enteritis would now appear to be a major problem both in terms of human suffering
      and in its economic effects. It is reported, for example, that at least 80,000
      working days may be lost in the United Kingdom per year. The fundamental problem
      raised by Campylobacter enteritis is whether we need to have a standardized
      definition of food poisoning accepted in law to allow central government and
      local authorities to manage in particular the problems related to Campylobacter
      enteritis. From information available, it appears that local authorities have
      differing interpretations as to the classification and subsequent management of
      Campylobacter enteritis. In order to control the identified trend in the increase
      of Campylobacter infections, the need for a clear and explicit definition is
      rapidly becoming essential.

PMID- 4043518
TI  - Comparison between inhibin from human and bovine ovarian follicular fluid using
      fast protein liquid chromatography.
AB  - Inhibin from human and bovine ovarian follicular fluid was purified 700-900-fold
      using affinity chromatography on immobilized Procion Red 3B, desalting on
      Sephadex G-25, ion-exchange chromatography on the fast protein liquid
      chromatography (FPLC) columns Mono Q and Mono P and chromatography on immobilized
      lectins. Isoelectric points for inhibin from human and bovine origin were between
      5.1-5.7 and 4.75-5.25, respectively. Inhibin from both sources was retained by
      immobilized lectins, indicating its association with a glycoprotein. Overall
      recoveries of inhibin activity after these chromatographic procedures were
      approximately 1%.

PMID- 4043519
TI  - Localization of liver-type lipase in rat ovaries and its activity during the
      estrous cycle and lactation.
AB  - The conditions for an in vitro assay of liver-type lipase, i.e. an enzyme
      resembling the lipase releasable from the liver by heparin (liver lipase), in rat
      ovaries were established. The liver-type lipase activity in the ovaries was
      almost completely (greater than 95%) located in the corpora lutea and its
      activity ranged from 0.44 to 0.77 mU per corpus luteum of (pseudo)pregnant rats.
      Preovulatory ovarian follicles contained very low lipase activity. During the
      estrous cycle the pattern of lipase activity was similar to that of serum
      progesterone levels (maximal at diestrus 1 and minimal at diestrus 2). In the
      individual rats liver-type lipase activity in the ovaries was strongly correlated
      with serum progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. The activity of liver
      type lipase also varied during lactation. It was relatively low at an early stage
      (2-3 days) but increased during later stages of lactation. The serum progesterone
      level was relatively low in rats lactating for 2-3 or 22-24 days. During the
      intervening time, its concentrations was elevated. Since serum 20 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone levels varied inversely to progesterone, the total amount of
      progestagens in blood during lactation remained constant. The cholesterol content
      of the corpora lutea of the lactating rats was initially high and decreased
      during the lactation.

PMID- 4043520
TI  - Mammotroph autoregulation: intracellular fate of internalized prolactin.
AB  - As part of a study concerning the mechanism of mammotroph autoregulation, the
      intracellular fate of [125I]iodo rat PRL, internalized by mammotrophs, was
      determined by quantitative electron microscope autoradiography. Simple grain
      density (GD) analysis of mammotroph autoradiograms showed that 5 cellular
      compartments (plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, secretory granules, nucleus and
      mitochondria) were significantly labeled and that the labeling pattern in these
      compartments changed with time. Inclusion of a 25-fold excess of unlabeled PRL
      inhibited the binding of radiolabeled hormone to mammotrophs by approximately
      85%. At no time were any grains found associated with lysosomes and there was no
      evidence of degradation of the radiolabeled PRL as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis or cold perchloric acid precipitation of cell extracts or
      media samples. Delivery of internalized PRL to a number of specific intracellular
      organelles suggests that these organelles may serve in the autoregulation of PRL
      secretion.

PMID- 4043521
TI  - The International Standard for Human Growth Hormone for Bioassay: calibration and
      characterization by international collaborative study.
AB  - Two preparations of human growth hormone (hGH) were prepared as candidates for
      the International Standard for Human Growth Hormone for Bioassay and were studied
      by 22 laboratories in 10 countries in an international collaborative study. The 2
      candidate preparations, freeze-dried in ampoules coded 80/505 and 80/521, were
      assayed against the International Standard for Growth Hormone, bovine, for
      Bioassay (ISbGH), by in vivo assays; against the International Reference
      Preparation of Growth Hormone, human, for Immunoassay (IRP hGH), by receptor-,
      immunoassays and other in vitro methods; and against each other by various
      methods. Both preparations contained the 2 recognized main growth hormone
      components (22 kDa and 20 kDa forms) and other components, but that in ampoules
      coded 80/505 had less deamidated hGH and contaminant hormones and pyrogen than
      that in ampoules coded 80/521. The estimates by in vivo bioassays, using immature
      hypophysectomized rats, of the potency of 80/505 in terms of the IS bGH were
      heterogeneous (1-6 IU/ampoule), probably because of the dissimilarity of the
      preparations of bovine and human GH. Estimates with receptor- and immunoassays of
      80/505 against the IRP hGH were also heterogeneous (3-9 IU/ampoule).
      Nevertheless, the majority of estimates from all assays tended to be between 3
      and 6 IU/ampoule. Although 80/521 and 80/505 differed in relatively minor
      respects, assays of one directly against the other gave relative potency
      estimates with in vivo assays which were significantly different from estimates
      with in vitro methods. With the agreement of the participants in the study, the
      WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization established the preparation in
      ampoules coded 80/505 as the First International Standard for Human Growth
      Hormone for Bioassay, with the defined potency of 4.4 IU/ampoule. This
      corresponds to an approximate 2.5 IU/mg of hGH extract and maintains reasonable
      continuity of the unit.

PMID- 4043522
TI  - Localization of mRNAs in mouse testes by in situ hybridization: distribution of
      alpha-tubulin and developmental stage specificity of pro-opiomelanocortin
      transcripts.
AB  - Gene expression of mouse testicular germ cells and surrounding somatic cells
      during spermatogenesis was examined by RNA:cDNA hybridization in situ and
      concomitant Northern and dot blot analysis. Particular attention was paid to
      obtaining fixation and hybridization procedures for use with mouse testes to
      accomplish sensitive and precise localization with the in situ technique. alpha
      Tubulin mRNAs were localized in virtually all testis cell types. In elongating
      spermatids, a unique labeling pattern was visualized; possibly corresponding to
      the position of the asymmetrically displaced cytoplasm. Pro-opiomelanocortin
      (POMC) transcripts in the adult mouse testis detected by Northern blot analysis
      were shown to be of a smaller size (approximately 600-800 nt) than the pituitary
      POMC transcripts, similar to what has been reported recently for POMC expression
      in the rat testis and mouse Leydig cell lines. Localization of POMC mRNAs by in
      situ hybridization was primarily to Leydig cells, although some labeling of
      spermatogonia and spermatocytes within the seminiferous epithelium was detected.
      A cellular or developmental specificity of the pattern of POMC localization was
      observed: obvious labeling of Leydig cells was limited to interstitial regions
      which were surrounded completely or in part by tubules in stages IX to XII of the
      cycle of the seminiferous epithelium.

PMID- 4043523
TI  - Plasticity in the cockroach neuromuscular system.
AB  - The retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish
      peroxidase extracellularly injected into a leg muscle was used to identify the
      regenerating cockroach motor neurons that have grown an axonal branch into that
      muscle. At least 66% of the animals with crushed nerve roots eventually reform
      the original innervation pattern of this muscle with no mistakes. In spite of
      this apparent specificity the cockroach neuromuscular system can express
      plasticity as evidenced by the correction of mistakes made at early stages of
      regeneration. These mistakes are corrected through elimination during the time
      interval between 40 and 60 days after nerve crush. In addition, when the distal
      segments of the leg are removed, thus depriving some motor neurons of their
      normal target muscles, many of them form stable inappropriate axonal branches in
      denervated as well as fully innervated muscles. These observations are discussed
      in terms of possible mechanisms responsible for the specificity of the cellular
      interactions and in terms of their relevance to understanding the development of
      vertebrate neuromuscular systems.

PMID- 4043524
TI  - Muscle development in the grasshopper embryo. I. Muscles, nerves, and apodemes in
      the metathoracic leg.
AB  - Much is known about the development of nerve pathways in the metathoracic limb
      bud of the grasshopper embryo. In this series of three papers, we report on the
      development of muscles in the same embryonic appendage. In a fourth paper (E. E.
      Ball, R. K. Ho, and C. S. Goodman, 1985, J. Neurosci, in press) we examine the
      development of specific neuromuscular connections for one of these muscles (coxal
      muscle 133a). In this first paper, we present an overview of the development of
      muscles, nerves, and apodemes (tendons). We previously reported on a class of
      large mesodermal cells, called muscle pioneers (MPs), that arises early in
      development and appears to act as a scaffold for developing muscles and guidance
      cue for motoneuron growth cones (R. K. Ho, E. E. Ball, and C. S. Goodman, 1983,
      Nature (London) 301, 66-69). We have used the I-5 monoclonal antibody (which
      specifically labels the MPs as well as the nerve pathways), HRP
      immunocytochemistry, and Normarski optics to visualize muscle, nerve, and apodeme
      development in the embryonic metathoracic limb bud from 27.5% (before the
      appearance of the MPs) to 55% (after the muscles have attained their basic adult
      pattern). Cell fusions, cell migration, and cell death all appear to play
      important roles in the development of MPs. The patterns of muscle development
      vary greatly, ranging from (i) single MPs for simple muscles (which in the adult
      have only one bundle of muscle fibers, e.g., coxal muscle 133a), to (ii) arrays
      of MPs for complex muscles [which in the adult have many bundles of muscle fibers
      each with separate sites of insertion, e.g., the extensor tibiae (ETi) and flexor
      tibiae (FlTi) muscles in the femur].

PMID- 4043525
TI  - Muscle development in the grasshopper embryo. II. Syncytial origin of the
      extensor tibiae muscle pioneers.
AB  - The extensor tibiae muscle (ETi) in the metathoracic leg of the grasshopper,
      which powers the jump, is among the most studied insect muscles. In contrast to
      many insect muscles which are simple (consisting of only a single bundle of
      muscle fibers), the ETi is a complex muscle which consists of an array of bundles
      of muscle fibers, each with a separate site of insertion on the body wall
      ectoderm and on the ETi apodeme ectoderm. Here we describe the embryonic
      development of this complex muscle. The ETi muscle develops from a single muscle
      pioneer (MP) which connects the initial invagination of the ETi apodeme to the
      wall of the femur. This MP then dramatically expands around the developing
      apodeme to form a large horseshoe-shaped, multinucleate cell, called the
      supramuscle pioneer (supra-MP); the number of nuclei in the supra-MP increases by
      cell fusion rather than by nuclear division. The arms of the supra-MP grow
      steadily longer and their outer edges begin to appear scalloped, certain areas
      remaining tightly apposed to the ectoderm of the wall of the leg while adjacent
      areas lose their adhesion and are pulled away. By about 50% of embryonic
      development the ETi supra-MP consists of a periodic series of bridges
      (cytoplasmic extensions) connecting the leg wall ectoderm with the apodeme, and
      linked into a giant syncytium near their inner, apodeme surface by a thin layer
      of cytoplasm containing hundreds of nuclei. Each bridge is surrounded by a
      cluster of many smaller mesoderm cells. Next the syncytium begins to divide such
      that by 60% the periodic bridges of the supra-MP have lost syncytial contact with
      each other and now themselves form an array of smaller, individual, multinucleate
      MPs connecting the body wall to the apodeme, each surrounded by a mass of
      undifferentiated mesoderm cells. This initial cycle of fusion and division is
      followed by a second similar cycle in which the individual mesoderm cells
      surrounding each MP fuse with the MP. At the same time, the MP divides into the
      initial bundle of smaller muscle fibers. Coincident with this division into
      muscle fibers is the further development of thick and thin filaments and the T
      tubule system.

PMID- 4043526
TI  - Muscle development in the grasshopper embryo. III. Sequential origin of the
      flexor tibiae muscle pioneers.
AB  - The flexor (FlTi) and extensor (ETi) tibiae are antagonist muscles located in the
      femur of the metathoracic leg of the grasshopper. Both are complex, consisting of
      an array of bundles of muscle fibers connecting the ectoderm of the wall of the
      femur with their respective apodemes. In the previous paper (E. E. Ball and C. S.
      Goodman, 1985, Dev. Biol. 111, 399-416) we described the embryonic development of
      the ETi muscle, focusing in particular on its syncytial origin from a giant
      supramuscle pioneer which later divides into an array of individual muscle
      pioneers. Here we describe the embryonic development of the FlTi muscle. In
      contrast to the development of the ETi muscle, the array of individual muscle
      pioneers for the FlTi does not have a syncytial origin but rather arises by
      sequential recruitment from the mass of smaller, undifferentiated mesoderm cells.
      The FlTi MPs first appear as two cells symmetrically placed on the corners of the
      FlTi apodeme at around 37%. A third MP is then added between these two; this
      third MP later dies. Subsequent growth occurs by symmetrical addition of MPs
      distally along the sides of the developing apodeme and by enlargement of the
      individual MPs. Initially each MP contains only a single nucleus; by about 50%
      there are at least two to three nuclei per MP and each is surrounded by a cluster
      of smaller, undifferentiated mesoderm cells. Each MP develops into a bundle of
      muscle fibers by a cycle of fusion and division. The individual mesoderm cells
      surrounding each MP fuse with it starting at about 60%. At the same time, the
      large MP begins to divide into smaller muscle fibers.

PMID- 4043527
TI  - Developmental changes in the responses of rat chromaffin cells to neuronotrophic
      and neurite-promoting factors.
AB  - This study describes the survival and neurite outgrowth behaviors of cultured
      adrenal medullary (chromaffin) cells obtained from postnatal rats 1 day (D1) to
      100 days (D100) old in response to nerve growth factor (NGF), chick eye ciliary
      neuronotrophic factor (CNTF), and laminin. In the absence of trophic factors the
      4-day survival of cultured chromaffin cells (relative to the number of cells
      attached at 2 hr) increased from one-third of the cells at D1 to 40% at D8 and 90
      100% at D16 and older stages. At saturating concentrations NGF increased cell
      survival at D8 by 90%, but failed to support all chromaffin cells present at 2
      hr. In contrast, CNTF supported the survival of all cells at D8. At D1 NGF and
      CNTF had only a very small effect on survival during the 4-day culture period,
      although both factors clearly enhanced the numbers of surviving cells after 8
      days. Either NGF or CNTF also elicited neurite outgrowth from rat chromaffin
      cells, which amounted to approximately 15-20% at D1 and D8 and subsequently
      decreased to about 5-8% at D30 and virtually zero at D100. At this last age both
      factors applied together clearly elicited neurites. Such a potentiating effect of
      NGF and CNTF was also seen at earlier postnatal ages. Laminin did not affect
      neurite growth at D30 in the absence of trophic factors, as already described for
      D8 rat chromaffin cells. In the presence of NGF, however, it increased neurite
      length and branching during a 4-day culture period and even enhanced neurite
      recruitment at later culture times. These data suggest that rat chromaffin cells
      undergo age-related changes in their responses to NGF and CNTF and that laminin
      modulates their neurite outgrowth behaviors in the presence of trophic factors.

PMID- 4043528
TI  - Inhibition of limb chondrogenesis by a Veratrum alkaloid: temporal specificity in
      vivo and in vitro.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that jervine, a steroidal alkaloid derived from plants
      of the genus Veratrum, exerts teratogenic effects in several animal species.
      Defects were restricted to structures which depend upon normal chondrogenesis for
      their development. Here we report studies of the temporal specificity of cellular
      sensitivity using limb bud mesenchyme cells obtained from Day 10 mouse embryos.
      These cells, when grown as high-density "spot" cultures, undergo chondrogenesis
      in vitro. Prior to differentiation, exposure of limb cell cultures to jervine
      suppressed subsequent accumulation of cartilage proteoglycans. Treatment after
      differentiation had no significant effect. Additionally, there was a genetic
      component to jervine sensitivity: C57BL/6J mice were sensitive, whereas NIH Swiss
      Webster mice were insensitive. This strain-dependent difference was observed both
      in vivo and in vitro, supporting the validity of limb mesenchyme spot cultures as
      a model for jervine-induced teratogenicity. Our studies indicate that jervine
      acts specifically during an early phase of the differentiation of mesenchyme into
      cartilage. It is likely that a specific stem cell population is the target tissue
      of this compound.

PMID- 4043529
TI  - Growth regulation of the interstitial cell population in hydra. II. A new
      mechanism for the homeostatic recovery of reduced interstitial cell populations.
AB  - The interstitial cells of hydra comprise a stem cell population, producing at
      least two classes of terminally differentiated cell types, nerve cells and
      nematocytes. Exposure to hydroxyurea (HU) results in selective depletion of
      interstitial cells from the tissue. The surviving cells subsequently recovered to
      normal levels, and the mechanisms involved in this repopulation were examined.
      Hydra were treated for varying times with HU such that interstitial cell numbers
      were reduced to 7 or 35% of normal. Subsequent growth of the epithelial and
      interstitial cell populations in these animals was monitored. The results
      indicate that the growth rates of these two cell types were only slightly
      different from untreated controls during the 4 weeks after HU exposure, implying
      that repopulation should not have occurred. However, recovery of the interstitial
      cell population was observed. Further analysis revealed that the interstitial
      cells in HU animals, unlike normal hydra, were not uniformly distributed in the
      body column, and were especially reduced in the budding region. In normal animals
      a constant fraction of the interstitial and epithelial cells are lost into buds.
      However, as a consequence of this nonuniform distribution a smaller fraction of
      the interstitial cells are displaced into HU buds, thereby retaining a higher
      proportion in the adult tissue. Calculations indicate that this mechanism of
      increased retention is of sufficient magnitude to account for 40-60% of the
      observed recovery after HU treatment.

PMID- 4043530
TI  - The characterization of three monkey kidney cell lines.
AB  - Three monkey kidney cell lines, Vero, GL-V3 and MA-104 were subjected to
      karyological analysis to determine their chromosomal stability and to confirm
      their species of origin. Although the lines were shown to be relatively stable
      throughout all of the passage levels that were tested, the species of origin of
      one of them was found to be different from that claimed by the originators. This
      finding was supported by data from isoenzyme studies.

PMID- 4043531
TI  - A rabies vaccine produced in a non-tumorigenic rabbit cell line.
AB  - From the trypsinized skin of a rabbit embryo, a fibroblastic cell line has been
      obtained (FEL cells). The primary seed lot has been established at 11th passage.
      The tests for tumorigenicity on nu/nu mice were negative (10(4) cell/animal) at
      passage level 11th and 50th. Cell growth and morphology were not altered when 100
      passages were performed. FEL cells were tested for their susceptibility to rabies
      virus. The production of virus on FEL cells was investigated after infection by
      the P.V. rabies virus strain adapted to several cell types (bovine fetal kidney,
      Vero and BHK cells). For the evaluation of an experimental rabies vaccine
      produced with this substrate, FEL cells were compared to Vero cells. The
      synthesis of glycoprotein (EIA) and the immunogenicity (NIH test) were similar
      for the vaccines obtained with both cell systems. FEL cells could therefore be an
      alternative to Vero cells for the production of a cell culture inactivated rabies
      vaccine.

PMID- 4043532
TI  - Cell bank characterization for recombinant DNA mammalian cell lines.
AB  - Cell banks were created by controlled rate freezing of pooled cell suspensions.
      Each line was characterized for freedom from adventitious agents, identity and
      biological behavior in immunosuppressed animals. Pharmacopeal culture methods
      were employed to search for bacterial, fungal and mycoplasma contamination.
      Conditioned medium was inoculated into a battery of 6 cell lines to search for
      acute viral contamination. Recombinant cell lines were also examined for
      retroviruses by electron microscopy, reverse transcriptase assay, XC plaque
      assay, tritiated uridine labelling, chemical induction techniques, and co
      cultivation with three indicator cell lines. Further characterization was
      obtained from inoculation of 4 animal species in vivo, mouse antibody production
      test, and inoculation of immunosuppressed rodents. Finally, cytogenetic
      evaluation including banding methods and isoenzyme analysis were employed to
      verify cell bank identity. These methods have generated useful data concerning
      the identity, safety, and biological purity of recombinant DNA mammalian cell
      lines.

PMID- 4043533
TI  - Growth kinetics of hybridoma cells: (1) The effects of varying foetal calf serum
      levels.
AB  - The growth kinetics, i.e. growth rate, cell yield and antibody production, of two
      murine hybridoma cell lines have been studied in several commercial media at
      different FCS levels in static 25 cm2 flask cultures. Reduction of FCS levels
      from 10% to 5% did not affect significantly the antibody yield whereas at 2% and
      1% FCS levels growth rate, cell and antibody yield were reduced significantly in
      all media. Considerable differences were noted in the maximum cell populations
      obtained in the different media, with IMDM producing the highest cell and
      antibody yields; IMDM greater than HiGem greater than DME greater than RPMI. The
      cell lines did not grow in the absence of FCS but did grow in the presence of
      basal medium supplemented with insulin and transferrin at 10 mg per L. Both cell
      lines were stable during several months' passage in this medium. A supplement
      containing human albumin or BSA at 1 g per L combined with the insulin and
      transferrin (10 mg per L) could replace 1% FCS in DME without significantly
      affecting the cell yields of B6.

PMID- 4043534
TI  - Parvovirus serologically related to the minute virus of mice (MVM) as contaminant
      of BHK 21 cl. 13 suspension cells.
AB  - From BHK 21 cl. 13 suspensions cells we have isolated a virus serologically
      related to the Minute Virus of Mice (MVM); the same virus has been isolated from
      the same cells in U.K. in 1980. Besides isolating this virus from large scale
      cultures, we have also isolated it from many of the sublines stored in nitrogen
      we received at different times from different laboratories. At this time it is
      difficult to ascertain if the contamination originated from the serum or from
      other components of the medium; furthermore we do not know if many of the cells
      of our stock became contaminated in our laboratory or if they were already
      contaminated.

PMID- 4043535
TI  - Further investigations on serum ultrafiltrate as medium for tissue respiration in
      vitro.
AB  - Serum ultrafiltrate was shown to be able to sustain in vitro the oxygen
      consumption of various tissue slices, attaining values very close to those
      reached in vivo. Serum ultrafiltrate also exerted its stimulating effect on
      homogenate, and maintained this activity for some time, after dilution, after
      lyophilization and after boiling; finally it was not species-specific. Serum
      ultrafiltrate was also more efficient than Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium in
      supporting tissue respiration. Preliminary data, obtained from gel fractionating
      serum ultrafiltrate, suggested that the metabolic activity should be ascribed to
      a sum of small single effects due to the single fractions of serum ultrafiltrate.

PMID- 4043536
TI  - Factors affecting the production of plasminogen activator in cultures of normal
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Plasminogen activator (PA) is a serine protease with a proven medical application
      as a fibrinolytic drug. PA is a normal constituent of animal tissues and is found
      in low concentration 1-10 U/ml in the supernatant of various cells in culture. We
      found that certain strains of untransformed human diploid fibroblasts can be
      adapted to produce PA at levels of 100 U/ml or more by culture with specific
      combinations of serum and coated substrates. Once the cells are adapted, they
      continue to produce the enzyme in a medium devoid of serum in which cell
      proliferation is minimal. The time course of enzyme production revealed that its
      formation is controlled by negative feedback and stops when its level in the
      medium reaches a critical concentration. However on removal of the enzyme by
      continuously replacing the medium, the cells continue to produce enzyme at a
      constant rate for a period of several weeks. Possible biotechnological
      configurations for large scale production of this enzyme are now under study. The
      PA purified from the spent medium of these cells was identified as tissue type
      activator similar to the melanoma type PA.

PMID- 4043537
TI  - Monoclonal ELISA for the determination of BNYV-virus.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies have been developed against the BNYV-virus (beet-necrotic
      yellow-vein) which causes the rhizomania disease in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris).
      The B103 hybridoma produced predominantly IgG2a at greater than 100
      micrograms/ml. IgM-production could not, however, be ruled out. In a polyclonal
      monoclonal indirect sandwich ELISA, the B103-antibody bound to BNYVV of Austrian,
      German, French and Bulgarian origin at a sensitivity of 1 ng/ml or less.
      Comparison of sugar beet samples in ELISA and immuno-electronmicroscopy showed
      good correlation, demonstrating the good performance of B103 antibody for broad
      application in BNYVV diagnosis.

PMID- 4043538
TI  - RDB--a new product of plant origin for cell culture dispersion.
AB  - RDB is a crude preparation extracted from a plant source. It is a very potent
      agent for dispersion of monolayer cell cultures as well as for the preparation of
      primary cell suspensions. It was found to be most effective in dispersing a wide
      range of animal and mosquito cells and dissociating neuronal and muscular tissue
      for primary cell cultures. RDB was also found to be useful for preparation of
      primary culture for chick embryo fibroblasts. After treatment with RDB cell
      viability was found to be 98% as compared to 85% in trypsin treated monolayer
      cultures. Routine dispersion of monolayer cultures with RDB does not have any
      negative effect on confluency of the newly split cultures. RDB was found to have
      no adverse effects on viral replication and plating efficiency of Rift Valley
      Fever Virus, Sindbis Virus and West Nile Virus.

PMID- 4043539
TI  - Structural and immunogenic characteristics of rabies immunosomes.
AB  - Rabies immunosomes are prepared by the anchorage of glycoprotein molecules to
      preformed liposomes. Virosomes are associations of glycoprotein molecules with
      viral or non viral lipids. Virosomes can be obtained spontaneously after removal
      of the detergent used for lipids solubilization. Under the electron microscope
      immunosomes look like homogenous spherical vesicles (50-60 nm) evenly covered
      with spikes, although glycoprotein molecule orientation in virosomes is not yet
      clearly established. In addition, the size of virosomes is very heterogeneous.
      When glycoprotein molecules are in immunosome form, their accessibility to a
      lectin (WGA) is identical to that of the purified virus. Under the same
      conditions with virosomes accessibility is weaker. Protection induced in mice is
      ten to twenty fold higher with rabies immunosomes than with purified glycoprotein
      or virosomes. The results presented here and previous reports (10) show that
      immunosomes have structural and immunogen characteristics closer to those of
      purified and inactivated virus than does any other form of glycoprotein lipids
      association.

PMID- 4043540
TI  - Production and growth of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to human
      thyroid stimulating hormone.
AB  - Female Balb/c mice were immunized with human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH).
      The spleen cells of responding mice were used in a cell fusion with NS1 mouse
      myeloma cells to define 27 stable anti-hTSH hybridomas. The antibody-secreting
      cell lines, designated SY/T8/1-6, were characterized and three were found to be
      completely specific for h-TSH while the other three showed some cross reactivity
      with LH and hCG. Six of the monoclonal antibodies have been well characterized
      and their parent hybridomas isolated and banked at -196 degrees C for future
      studies. The hybridomas have been raised from liquid nitrogen and recultured in
      RPMI 1640 medium. Progress is being made in the investigation of the growth
      characteristics of these hybridoma cell lines.

PMID- 4043541
TI  - The effects of econazole on the growth of murine myeloma cells and its use in
      hybridoma production.
AB  - The effect of econazole, an antifungal agent, on the stability of NS1/Ag4 myeloma
      cells in culture was investigated with the view to its use in the control of
      fungal contamination in lymphocyte hybridoma monoclonal antibody production. The
      recommended dose of 1 microgram/ml was found to reduce cell numbers, viability
      and survival, and to effect dramatic dose related changes in DNA synthesis in the
      NS1 myeloma line and hence econazole is not suitable as an added antifungal agent
      in monoclonal antibody production using NS1 cells and their derived hybridomas.

PMID- 4043542
TI  - Some characteristics of the ICCe-1, a new simian embryo cell line.
AB  - A new simian embryo cell line has been established from a Cercopithecus male
      whole embryo. The resultant predominant fibroblast-like cell population has been
      frozen in convenient quantities and characterized for use in biological research
      as well as in theoretical and practical virological purposes. The cell line was
      designated ICCe-1 (Institute Cantacuzino Cercopithecus embryo-1).

PMID- 4043543
TI  - Use of plasma protein fractions as serum substitutes for in vitro cell culture.
AB  - Fractions produced during routine production of human plasma protein concentrates
      using cold ethanol precipitation have been tested for their ability to support
      animal cell growth in vitro. A mouse-mouse hybridoma cell line, ES-6, which
      secretes a monoclonal antibody (mab) to human group A red blood cell antigen, has
      been used as a model. Fraction 4-1 protein has been found to be effective at 0.5
      1.0 g/l in RPMI 1640 and has supported growth of ES-6 for 18 months, both growth
      and mab. production being comparable with that achieved in 10% foetal calf serum.
      Fraction 4-1 protein has been shown to contain albumin, transferrin, alpha-1
      antitrypsin and immunoglobulin. It is reported to be a source of somatomedin C.
      The immunoglobulin content can be reduced. Other mouse and rat hybridomas, human
      mab. producing lymphoblastoid cells, Namalva and HEP-2 cells have grown well in
      medium supplemented with Fraction 4-1 protein.

PMID- 4043544
TI  - Growth kinetics of hybridoma cells: (2) The effects of varying energy source
      concentrations.
AB  - Commercial media used for the growth of hybridoma cells contain different glucose
      concentrations. We have attempted to establish the optimal levels of glucose
      required for maximum hybridoma cell yields by studying the energy source
      metabolism of two murine hybridoma cell lines in several commercial media in
      static 25 cm2 flask cultures. The glucose and lactate quotients and growth yields
      from glucose of the two cell lines were similar in all media. Glucose limited
      growth in DME containing lg/L. Glucose supplementation to 2g/L in DME
      significantly increased cell and antibody yields. When fructose was used as a
      substitute for glucose the fructose quotient of one cell line was found to be
      similar to its glucose quotient whereas that of the other cell line was
      significantly reduced compared to its glucose quotient.

PMID- 4043545
TI  - A screening method to develop serum-free culture media for adherent cell lines.
AB  - A screening method was established to develop chemically defined, serum-free
      culture media for human adherent cell lines. It indicates within 2-6 months
      whether a certain cell line is suited for routine cultivation under serum-free
      conditions, and which medium supplements and surface coatings of the culture
      vessels the cells need for minimal demand. This method was tested with the human
      cell lines Bowes melanoma and prostate carcinoma 3 (PC 3).

PMID- 4043546
TI  - The effects of early handling on latent inhibition in male and female rats.
AB  - Latent inhibition (LI) is a behavioral paradigm in which repeated exposure to
      stimuli not followed by meaningful consequences renders these stimuli ineffective
      for subsequent learning. The development of LI is considered to reflect learning
      not to attend to, ignore, or tune out irrelevant stimuli. The present study
      investigated the differences in the development of LI between handled and
      nonhandled males and females. Infantile handled (Days 1-22) and nonhandled, male
      and female Wistar rats were tested in maturity in the LI paradigm. The LI
      procedure consisted of two stages: pre-exposure, where animals received 60
      presentations of the to-be-conditioned stimulus (tone) and test, where the
      animals acquired a two-way active avoidance response with the tone serving as the
      warning signal. Handled animals reached higher percentage of avoidance responses
      as compared with nonhandled animals. Latent inhibition was obtained in both the
      handled and the nonhandled females, but only the handled males showed the LI
      effect. Nonhandled males failed to develop LI. The results indicate that the
      effects of handling are evident in learning tasks that do not involve
      motivational-emotional variables, i.e., learning to ignore irrelevant stimuli;
      handling differentially affects males and females, with a much greater impact on
      males and the nonhandling procedure has significant deleterious consequences on
      adult behavior.

PMID- 4043547
TI  - Effects of early experience on the development of filial preferences in the
      domestic chick.
AB  - Factors affecting the development of filial preferences in chicks were
      investigated. Four groups of chicks were hatched and maintained in darkness. When
      the chicks were 20-hr old, three of these groups were exposed to an overhead
      light ("primed") for .5 h. When 24-hr old, all groups were placed in running
      wheels for 2 hr. While in the wheels one group was exposed to a visually complex
      pattern, one group to diffuse overhead light, and the remaining two groups (one
      primed and one not primed) were in darkness. All chicks were then returned to a
      dark incubator until their preference for a red box or a stuffed jungle fowl was
      measured in a simultaneous choice test either 2 hr (Test I) or 24 hr (Test II)
      later. At Test I the chicks which had been exposed to the complex visual pattern
      showed a significant preference for the fowl. Chicks in the other groups showed
      no preference. At Test II all groups showed a significant preference for the
      fowl. The results of a second experiment suggested that the later emerging
      preference was related to the chicks experience in the running wheel. It was
      concluded that the preference for the fowl will develop in entirely dark-reared
      chicks that are allowed a period of time in a running wheel, but that this
      preference will appear earlier in chicks which have had experience of a complex
      visual pattern.

PMID- 4043548
TI  - Development of maternal behaviors in prepubertal rats at three ages: age
      characteristic patterns of responses.
AB  - Individual 18-, 24-, or 30-day-old male and female Wistar prepubertal rats
      (juveniles) were continuously exposed to 3-8-day old pups in order to determine
      developmental differences in the expression of maternal and other behaviors
      during the process of sensitization. The results that emerged from this study are
      as follows: Maternal behaviors are neither consistent nor integrated in their
      expression prepubertally; exposure to pups facilitates the emergence of some
      maternal behaviors in juveniles more easily than others, e.g., retrieving and
      anogenital licking more than ventral crouching or nestbuilding; there are age
      related differences in the expression of different maternal behaviors, e.g., 24
      day-olds retrieve more than at other ages; in our strain, few, if any, gender
      differences are apparent in the expression of maternal behaviors prepubertally;
      juvenile play behaviors (charge, pounce) are related to retrieving behavior in
      the context of exposure to pups. Overall, the results suggest that maternal
      behaviors are distinct developmentally and probably involve different mechanisms
      in prepubertal animals.

PMID- 4043549
TI  - Individual differences in mood in early childhood: their relation to gender and
      neonatal sex steroids.
AB  - Predominant mood states were assessed for 104 children via 24-hr mother diaries
      during the first 2 years of life. Consistent sex differences were found across
      ages and across cohorts: boys were more often reported to be in a happy/excited
      mood, girls in a quiet/calm mood. The sexes did not differ in the frequency of
      negative moods (including crying), however. Scores for happy/excited and
      quiet/calm mood states were quite stable across the ages sampled: 6, 9, 12, 18,
      and 26 months. These stabilities were generally greater for boys. Negative moods
      showed only borderline stability. Relationships between the mood scores and five
      sex-steroid hormones (progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone, and
      estradiol), assayed from umbilical cord blood at the time of the children's
      birth, were assessed. For boys small, but significant, positive relationships
      were found between happy/excited moods and androstenedione, estrone, and
      progesterone. Correlations of opposite sign were found between these hormones and
      boys' scores for quiet/calm mood. For girls, the correlations were low and
      insignificant, but generally of opposite sign from those found for boys, and a
      number of hormones showed significant sex-by-hormone interactions in their
      relation to children's mood scores. The implication of these findings for the
      understanding of sex differences is discussed. Also discussed are the problems of
      interpretation posed by the intercorrelations among hormones when hormone scores
      are used for prediction of aspects of later development.

PMID- 4043550
TI  - The effects of rearing environment on pup development.
AB  - Norway rats were reared either in a standard laboratory cage or in a nest
      constructed by the dam from newspaper strips. Growth, thermoregulatory ability,
      and adrenal, gonad, adipose tissue, and brain weights were measured at weaning on
      Day 21 postpartum. While there was no difference in growth, nest-reared animals
      had lower body temperatures, but could thermoregulate as well as cage-reared
      animals. Nest-reared animals also had relatively smaller adrenals and less brown
      adipose tissue. Gonad and brain weights were similar. An interesting finding was
      that males and females were differentially affected by the nest-rearing.
      Differences between cage- and nest-reared animals were more evident in females,
      and thermoregulatory ability was more closely associated with the quality of the
      nest during the first 10 days than body weight in females. For males, body weight
      was more important. These latter data are discussed in relation to differential
      interaction between the dam and male and female pups.

PMID- 4043551
TI  - Adrenalectomy in the developing rat: does it cause reduced or increased brain
      myelination?
AB  - We have previously demonstrated increased myelination in adult rats that were
      adrenalectomized (ADX) neonatally. However, Preston and McMorris (1984) recently
      reported reduced myelination at Day 21 or 22 in day 14 ADX animals. The present
      experiment attempted to replicate Preston and McMorris' study to determine
      whether early adrenalectomy might be producing a transient hypomyelination prior
      to the hypermyelination observed at later time points. We were unable to
      duplicate the exact protocol of Preston and McMorris (which involved weaning at
      Day 18 with administration of saline and glucose drinking solutions) because of
      100% mortality of our ADX rats by Day 20. However, using our standard
      mineralocorticoid replacement therapy which allowed the animals to remain with
      their mothers, all of the ADX rats survived, and we were able to assess
      myelination in these animals by means of standard biochemical methods. All
      measures showed absolutely no reduction in myelination in ADX rats compared with
      sham-operated controls. The discrepancy between the present results and those of
      Preston and McMorris are attributed, at least in part, to the early weaning
      procedure used by these investigators.

PMID- 4043552
TI  - Mediation of passive avoidance learning by nicotinic hippocampo-entorhinal
      components in young rats.
AB  - Young rats, 11, 16, and 20 days of age, received bilateral injections of three
      antinicotinic agents into the posteroventral hippocampo-subiculo-entorhinal area,
      and were trained to learn a cool-draft-stimulus, passive-avoidance task shortly
      after (17 min). Gallamine triethiodide had no action at low doses and provoked
      convulsions at higher concentrations. Pempidine tartrate produced age- and dose
      dependent impairments of the passive avoidance, and was much more effective in
      younger groups (11 and 16 days) than at 20 days. alpha-bungarotoxin also induced
      dose-dependent deficits. These results, together with the mecamylamine-induced
      deficits already reported, suggest that nicotinic cholinergic synapses located in
      the posteroventral part of the hippocampal complex play a role in passive
      avoidance learning in the young rat as soon as this type of conditioning is
      possible, but become relatively less important at older ages, when muscarinic
      mechanisms also become involved.

PMID- 4043553
TI  - The effect of maternal diabetes on trace element status and fetal development in
      the rat.
AB  - Despite improvements in prenatal care, there is a high incidence of congenital
      malformations in diabetic pregnancies. Not only is the diabetic patient
      characterized by a disorder of total fuel metabolism, but abnormal trace element
      metabolism occurs as well. In the present study, maternal and fetal zinc (Zn),
      copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) status
      has been studied in Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar rats. In addition, the effect
      of maternal diabetes on fetal development was also investigated. Rats were
      injected 27 days before mating with streptozocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg) in citrate
      buffer. On day 20 of gestation, litters were taken by cesarean section. Fetuses
      from diabetic dams weighed less, and had shorter crown-rump lengths and larger
      placentas than fetuses from controls. Evaluation of fetal skeletal development
      revealed fewer calcified sternal sites, anterior phalanges and caudal vertebrae,
      and an increased frequency of malformations in fetuses of diabetic dams. In dams,
      diabetics had larger adrenals, kidneys, and liver, and smaller thymus. Abnormal
      trace element metabolism was evident in diabetic dams and their fetuses. Mn was
      elevated in maternal liver, kidney and placenta of diabetic animals as well as in
      fetal liver of pups from diabetic dams. Maternal Cu and Zn levels were also
      higher in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats. In contrast, fetal liver Zn from
      fetuses of diabetic mothers was significantly decreased when compared with
      controls. These results suggest that diabetes may have induced fetal Zn
      deficiency. If this deficiency is present during embryogenesis/organogenesis,
      this could be one of the mechanisms of the teratogenicity of the diabetic state.

PMID- 4043554
TI  - The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus.
      13.5 years of follow-up of the participants in the study of men born in 1913.
AB  - In a prospective study of risk factors for ischemic heart disease, 792 54-yr-old
      men selected by year of birth (1913) and residence in Goteborg, Sweden, agreed to
      attend for questioning and a number of anthropometric and other measurements in
      1967. Thirteen and one-half years later, these baseline findings were reviewed in
      relation to the number of men who had subsequently developed diabetes mellitus.
      This analysis focused on the importance of abdominal adipose tissue distribution,
      measured as the waist-to-hip circumference ratio, as a predictor for development
      of diabetes. Even when the confounding effect of body mass index, as a measure of
      the total body fat mass, was accounted for, the waist-to-hip ratio was positively
      and significantly associated with the risk for diabetes. These results from a
      prospective study strongly support previous cross-sectional findings indicating
      that not only the degree of obesity but also the localization of fat is a risk
      factor for diabetes.

PMID- 4043555
TI  - Reduced insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic, HLA-identical siblings of insulin
      dependent diabetic subjects.
AB  - Nondiabetic, HLA-identical siblings of insulin-dependent diabetic subjects have
      an increased risk of developing diabetes. Since insulin resistance is present in
      newly diagnosed diabetic subjects, we studied 12 HLA-identical siblings to
      determine whether they have impaired insulin sensitivity. Each sibling was
      carefully matched for age, sex, and body weight to a control from a nondiabetic
      family. The insulin sensitivity index (SI) was determined after an intravenous
      glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) using the minimal model of insulin kinetics. The
      insulin sensitivity index was significantly lower in the HLA-identical siblings
      compared with their matched controls.

PMID- 4043556
TI  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in cardiac mitochondria from genetically diabetic
      mice.
AB  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) was studied in isolated heart mitochondria from
      genetically diabetic mice (C57BL/KsJ db/db) with progressive cardiomyopathy. Both
      the basal activity (active enzyme) and the total activity (the sum of active and
      inactive enzyme) were determined. In mitochondrial extracts from 8-18-wk-old
      db/db mice, there was a 73% decrease of basal activity accompanied by a 38%
      decrease of total activity as compared with controls. The lower basal activity at
      8 wk of age suggests an increased conversion of the enzyme into the
      phosphorylated (inactive) form. Evidence is also given that the conversion of
      inactive (phosphorylated) enzyme into active (dephosphorylated) enzyme is
      inhibited in cardiac mitochondria prepared from 8-wk and older db/db mice. These
      changes coincide with the onset of defective oxidative metabolism and can explain
      the depressed pyruvate oxidation reported previously.

PMID- 4043557
TI  - Tissue-specific antibodies against the fibroblast insulin receptor in a patient
      with lupus nephritis and hypoglycemia.
AB  - We recently reported that the serum from a patient with lupus nephritis, insulin
      resistance, and hypoglycemia contains multiple populations of antibodies directed
      at the human insulin receptor. In the present study, we found a subpopulation of
      antibodies (eluted from a protein A-Sepharose affinity column at pH 4.3) directed
      at the human fibroblast insulin receptor. When tested against human placental
      membranes, IM-9 lymphocytes, circulating monocytes and erythrocytes, and isolated
      adipocytes, the antibody subpopulation did not compete with 125I-insulin for
      binding to its receptor. In contrast, the antibody subpopulation competed with
      125I-insulin for binding to the human fibroblast insulin receptor. This antibody
      subpopulation stimulated [3H]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid [( 3H]AIB) uptake to
      these cells. Unlike the effect of insulin, however, this regulation of transport
      was not antagonized by a mouse monoclonal antibody to the human insulin receptor
      that inhibits 125I-insulin binding. These studies indicate, therefore, that a
      tissue-specific antibody subpopulation can occur spontaneously in patients with
      antibodies to the human insulin receptor. Furthermore, they indicate the presence
      of anti-insulin receptor autoantibodies specifically directed against a tissue
      that is not primarily involved in glucose metabolism.

PMID- 4043558
TI  - Gastric acid and pancreatic polypeptide responses to sham feeding are impaired in
      diabetic subjects with autonomic neuropathy.
AB  - To assess the relationship between cardiac and extra-cardiac dysfunction in
      diabetic autonomic neuropathy, the gastric acid output and the pancreatic
      polypeptide (hPP) secretion in response to sham feeding were evaluated in
      diabetic patients with (group 1) and without (group 2) cardiac autonomic
      neuropathy (CAN), and in normal subjects (group 3). All patients assigned to the
      group with CAN exhibited an impaired beat-to-beat heart rate variation during
      deep breathing. The basal gastric acid output was comparable in the three groups
      (1.3 +/- 0.5, 2.8 +/- 1.5, and 3.9 +/- 1.5 mmol/h, respectively). In contrast,
      the gastric acid output stimulated by sham feeding was significantly lower in
      patients with CAN (5.3 +/- 1.3 mmol/h) than in diabetic subjects without CAN
      (14.0 +/- 3.5 mmol/h; P less than 0.01) and in controls (10.9 +/- 3.1; P less
      than 0.05). The maximal gastric acid secretion capacity, determined after
      pentagastrin injection, was similar in all patients. Mean basal hPP
      concentrations were comparable in the three groups (185 +/- 53 pg/ml, 131 +/- 29
      pg/ml, and 116 +/- 19 pg/ml). In the controls and diabetic subjects without CAN,
      a significant mean 60% increase of the hPP levels above basal values was observed
      during sham feeding. In contrast, no significant hPP response occurred in the
      group with CAN. These data suggest that diabetic CAN is associated with
      dysfunctions of the vagal pathways controlling the gastric acid output and the
      hPP secretion. Moreover, the results demonstrate a strong association between
      cardiac autonomic neuropathy and gastric vagal neuropathy (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 4043559
TI  - Spontaneous activity of primary afferent neurons in diabetic BB/Wistar rats. A
      possible mechanism of chronic diabetic neuropathic pain.
AB  - The mechanism of painful diabetic neuropathy remains unknown. Spontaneous
      activity in nociceptive primary afferents has been implicated in the genesis of
      chronic pain due to peripheral nerve injury, and diabetic axonopathy shares some
      histologic features with traumatic neuropathy. We hypothesized that spontaneous
      hyperactivity of nociceptive neurons might represent the neurophysiologic
      mechanism of diabetic neuropathic pain. To test this, we examined the spontaneous
      activity of primary afferent axons from diabetic BB/Wistar and normal Wistar rat
      saphenous nerves isolated from central and peripheral connections. Microfilament
      recordings from diabetic nerves showed a significantly higher incidence of
      spontaneous discharges in comparison to normal nerves. Furthermore, this
      spontaneous hyperactivity occurred almost exclusively in potentially nociceptive
      C-fibers. We conclude that in the diabetic BB/Wistar rat, spontaneous impulses
      are generated in potential nociceptive primary afferent neurons, and that this
      may represent the mechanism of chronic diabetic neuropathic pain.

PMID- 4043560
TI  - Glucagon, secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivities in
      rat gut after jejuno-ileal bypass and resection.
AB  - Jejuno-ileal bypass (JIB) and resection are associated with hyperplastic and
      other changes in residual functional gut. In studies on endocrine changes,
      circulating hormone levels are usually measured. In this study with Sprague
      Dawley rats, glucagon, secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP),
      immunoreactivities were measured in extracts of gut tissues including formerly
      adjacent segments of functional and bypassed jejunum and ileum. Young adult (200
      220 g) and mature (404-440 g) rats received greater than 90% JIB. Though slight
      differences were observed in the response of the young and old rats to the
      operations, and between the effects of JIB and resection, the results do not
      indicate major involvement of secretin, VIP or gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity
      in the effects of surgery. Changes include increased immunoreactivity of secretin
      in the upper and of VIP in the lower functional gut following JIB. N-terminal-to
      central glucagon immunoreactivity in the functional ileum did not change
      substantially after operations, but was significantly lower in the non-functional
      than functional ileum after bypass. Plasma levels of this immunoreactivity were
      higher following operations and highest following resection.

PMID- 4043561
TI  - Changes in motility after jejunal and ileal resection: electromyographic study in
      rats.
AB  - The aim of this work was to compare the effects of massive jejunal and ileal
      resections on intestinal motility using an electromyographic technique. Male
      Wistar rats were used: in the first group a massive jejunal resection was
      performed, conserving a 7-cm segment after the ligament of Treitz; the rats of
      the second group underwent an ileal resection, preserving 7 cm of the terminal
      ileum. Motility was studied at the 10th and 30th postoperative days by means of
      electrodes implanted throughout the remaining bowel and was expressed by the
      pattern of recurrence of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC). In a fasting
      state, in both transected and resected animals at the 10th postoperative day, the
      gradient in the duration of MMC along the intestine still existed. However, on
      the 30th postoperative day, in animals with jejunal resection only, there was an
      adaptive process: the duration of MMC in the remaining jejunum was significantly
      increased to the duration in the ileum. After the end of the postprandial
      inhibition of the appearance of the MMC, on the 10th postoperative day there was
      a significant decrease in the duration of MMC in the ileum in both types of
      resection, compared to the controls. However, on the 30th postoperative day, the
      duration of MMC returned to its control value. In conclusion, jejunal resection
      seems to induce more important adaptive processes in intestinal motility than
      does ileal resection. The different results are discussed.

PMID- 4043562
TI  - Endoscopic pancreatography in chronic pancreatitis of the tropics.
AB  - The ERCP findings in 13 patients with chronic pancreatitis of the tropics are
      reported. 7 of the patients had pancreatic calculi on plain film of abdomen and 6
      had no calcification. The changes observed in the pancreatograms were tortuosity,
      dilatation, stenosis, obstruction, cyst formation and presence of calculi in the
      main pancreatic ducts and their finer branches. The calcific variety showed a
      greater degree of ductal derangement compared to the non-calcific variety. The
      common bile duct was normal in all the patients. The pancreatographic changes
      observed are similar to those described in the alcoholic and other varieties of
      chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 4043563
TI  - Exocrine pancreatic function in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in the Sudan.
AB  - Exocrine pancreatic function was studied in 36 patients with hepatosplenic
      schistosomiasis and 31 control subjects. The secretin test and the Lundh test
      meal were used to assess exocrine pancreas function. Patients with hepatosplenic
      schistosomiasis had a significantly lower bicarbonate concentration, less than 90
      mmol/l in duodenal aspirate, than the control group (p less than 0.001). There
      were statistically insignificant differences in the volume of the duodenal
      aspirate after the secretin test and in the mean tryptic activity after the Lundh
      test meal between patients and controls. We conclude that exocrine pancreatic
      function is impaired with regard to bicarbonate secretion in hepatosplenic
      schistosomiasis.

PMID- 4043564
TI  - Plasma cholecystokinin levels in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - Using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for cholecystokinin (CCK) we have
      measured plasma CCK levels in patients with and without chronic pancreatitis. All
      patients suffered from steatorrhea. The basal plasma values in patients with
      chronic pancreatitis (n = 10) were significantly higher compared with a control
      group of 40 normal subjects. After ingestion of a test meal peak plasma levels of
      CCK were significantly higher than in controls, but the integrated CCK release
      did not differ from the normal subjects. The findings indicate a close
      relationship between plasma CCK concentration and exocrine pancreatic function.

PMID- 4043565
TI  - Tuberculous oesophagopulmonary communication: effectiveness of antituberculous
      chemotherapy. A case report and review of literature.
AB  - A patient with tuberculous oesophagopulmonary communication diagnosed by
      oesophagography and confirmed by endoscopy was successfully treated by medical
      means: a tuberculous aetiology was suggested by the detection of tubercle bacilli
      in the gastric washings and on culture. On reviewing the medical literature,
      successful results were reported in 3 adults and 2 children.

PMID- 4043566
TI  - Reduced intestinal protein loss in Crohn's disease after lymphovenous
      anastomosis.
AB  - In a 27-year-old patient suffering from Crohn's disease covering nearly the
      entire small intestine, the major problem was a marked protein-losing enteropathy
      which required long-term intravenous replacement. Accidentally, we disclosed a
      dilated thoracic duct with incompetent valves and stenosis at the junction into
      the subclavian vein in this patient. To reduce the intestinal protein loss, an
      anastomosis was performed between the thoracic duct and the internal jugular
      vein. Subsequently the intestinal protein loss dropped from 40 to 26% and
      replacement of proteins could be reduced. The patient was observed for 4 years
      postoperatively and the therapeutic effect continued. Besides this therapeutic
      aspect, the present case gives cause to consider the possible role of the
      lymphatics in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4043567
TI  - Effect of acute and chronic oral administration of ethanol on canine exocrine
      pancreatic secretion.
AB  - The action of an intragastric injection of ethanol (1.0-1.5 g/kg), either in the
      fasting animal or with a solid meal, has been studied in two groups of 4
      conscious dogs provided with gastric and duodenal Thomas cannulae: one group of
      'alcoholic dogs' (AD) had been given 2 g/kg/day ethanol over a period of 24
      months, the second group of 'nonalcoholic dogs' (NA) had been given water as
      control. In NA, intragastric ethanol inhibited water and bicarbonate secretions,
      alcohol being given in the fasting animal or with a meal. In AD: (a) the
      nonstimulated output of water and bicarbonate, and to a lesser extent of protein,
      was decreased compared to NA, protein concentration being increased; (b) the
      bicarbonate response to a meal without ethanol was decreased, and (c) the most
      interesting finding is that in AD, the inhibitory action of intragastric ethanol
      as observed in NA, disappeared and was even replaced by a stimulation of water,
      bicarbonate and protein secretions. The disappearance in AD of alcohol-induced
      mechanisms inhibiting pancreatic secretion had already been found with other
      experimental protocols and involves muscarinic receptors. Inhibition of water and
      bicarbonate secretions remains unexplained.

PMID- 4043568
TI  - Toxic products in hemorrhagic ascitic fluid generated during experimental acute
      hemorrhagic pancreatitis in dogs and a treatment which reduces their effect.
AB  - Toxic substances produced in hemorrhagic ascitic fluid during experimental
      hemorrhagic pancreatitis in dogs were investigated. An average of 394 ml of
      ascitic fluid was produced within 5 h after the induction of acute pancreatitis
      by intraductal injection of a mixture of autologous bile and trypsin. Hemorrhagic
      ascitic fluid was collected under sterile conditions, which was confirmed by
      aerobic and anaerobic culture and a Limulus test. The sterile fluid was injected
      intraperitoneally into mice in doses of 2 and 3 ml, and the mortality rate 72 h
      after injection was 66.0 and 88.4%, respectively. It contained high
      concentrations of pancreatic enzymes, including trypsin and esterase activity, as
      well as bradykinin, histamine and prostaglandin. Autopsy and histological
      examination of mice revealed shock with lung damage. The results suggest that
      hemorrhagic ascitic fluid produced in pancreatitis may be an important factor for
      early deaths in acute pancreatitis. When a new synthetic antiprotease (nafamstat
      mesilate) in a dosage of 0.2 mg was mixed with 1 ml of ascitic fluid, trypsin was
      not detectable, and bradykinin was reduced 1.0 ng/ml from 8.0 ng/ml, while
      esterase activity decreased to one tenth of its previous activity. The mortality
      following injection of the solution decreased to 26.7 and 80.6%, respectively.
      These results indicate that peritoneal lavage with a solution containing
      antiprotease may be an effective treatment for hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 4043569
TI  - EPC. European Pancreatic Club. XVIIth meeting, Manchester, September 22-25, 1985.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4043570
TI  - Neonatal auditory brain stem responses from ipsilateral and contralateral
      recording montages.
AB  - Ipsilateral and contralateral auditory brain stem responses were recorded from
      both ears of 10 neonates between 37 and 43 weeks from conception with normal
      auditory brain stem function. The most prominent component of the contralateral
      response was a forehead positive deflection occurring 0.3 millisecond before the
      ipsilateral wave III followed by two forehead negative waves, the latter present
      at the same latency as the ipsilateral wave V. The amplitude of the contralateral
      response was small: at 30 dB nHL only 7 of the 20 ears showed clear responses
      from this montage. The morphology of the neonatal contralateral response is thus
      considerably different than the ipsilateral, unlike the adult. A neonate could be
      mistakenly diagnosed as hearing impaired or neurologically involved if the
      interpretation is based on the contralateral recording.

PMID- 4043571
TI  - Hearing loss in the elderly: an epidemiologic study of the Framingham Heart Study
      Cohort.
AB  - This study used epidemiologic methods to examine hearing loss in the elderly. The
      Framingham Heart Study Cohort was the reference population. The participants were
      935 men and 1358 women, aged 57 to 89 years. Using a conservative definition of
      hearing loss as threshold levels greater than 20 dB above audiometric zero for at
      least one frequency from 0.5 to 4 kHz, the prevalence was estimated to be 83%.
      The majority of cases displayed a sensorineural hearing loss. There were no
      statistically significant differences by sex at 1 kHz and below. Women had
      significantly better hearing than men at 2 kHz and above. A multivariate model
      was constructed to determine which variables had a significant impact upon
      hearing loss. Under the model, age, sex, illness, family history of hearing loss,
      Meniere's disease, and noise exposure were significant population risk factors.
      Age was by far the most critical risk factor.

PMID- 4043572
TI  - Older persons' performance on auditory, visual, and auditory-visual presentations
      of the Edgerton and Danhauer Nonsense Syllable Test.
AB  - The speech sound discrimination abilities of 15 normal-hearing and 15
      sensorineural hearing-impaired subjects between 55 and 65 years of age were
      assessed using videotaped presentations of the Nonsense Syllable Test (NST).
      Stimuli were presented in auditory (A), visual (V), and auditory-visual (AV)
      modes. All subjects received the stimuli in two trials for each presentation
      mode; hearing-impaired subjects were unaided for the first, and wore their own
      hearing aids for the second. Responses were transcribed phonemically and were
      scored by the phoneme method. Intra- and interjudge reliability was greater than
      90%. Mean phoneme discrimination scores were plotted for each group across the
      three presentation modes. The results revealed that: both groups' performance
      improved from V to A to AV modes, but differences were apparent in the amount of
      increase across modes within each group; the NST differentiated between groups in
      the A and AV modes, but not in the V mode; the NST identified "poor"
      speechreaders in each group under both V and AV conditions; and consonant errors
      in the V mode formed seven homophenous categories based on place of articulation.
      The NST can be a useful screening test in auditory rehabilitation to distinguish
      those hearing-impaired persons who naturally take advantage of visual cues from
      those who do not.

PMID- 4043573
TI  - Comparison of monaural and binaural hearing aid use on a trial period basis.
AB  - Thirty hearing-impaired patients compared monaural and binaural hearing aid use
      for a period of 4 weeks. Most of them preferred binaural hearing aids in quiet
      situations, but monaural hearing aids in noisy environments. Follow-up at 6
      months revealed that 17 had purchased monaural hearing aids, 8 had purchased
      binaural hearing aids.

PMID- 4043574
TI  - Cordless telephones and acoustic trauma: a case study.
AB  - Cordless telephones have been reported to cause irreversible damage to the ear
      due to acoustic trauma. The present case study reports an unusual audiometric
      configuration associated with direct exposure to the ring from a cordless phone.
      Although pure-tone sensitivity was only moderately affected, speech understanding
      was severely compromised.

PMID- 4043575
TI  - Influence of temperature on the output of a mechanical coupler.
AB  - This research determined the influence of temperature on the output of two Bruel
      and Kjaer 4930 mechanical couplers using a Radioear B-71, B-72, and a Pracitronic
      KH 70 bone vibrator. When the temperature of the mechanical couplers was varied
      from 17 degrees C (62.6 degrees F) to 29 degrees C (84.2 degrees F) in steps of 3
      degrees C (5.4 degrees F) and the bone vibrators had a constant temperature, the
      output of each mechanical coupler systematically decreased as its temperature
      increased for each bone vibrator type. The largest output differences for both
      couplers and each vibrator occurred at 4000 Hz. The average of these differences
      across the couplers and vibrators was 6.6 dB higher at 17 degrees C than at 29
      degrees C which dB/3.6 degrees F). When the temperature of the bone vibrators was
      17 and 29 degrees C and the mechanical couplers were maintained at a constant
      temperature, there were little or no differences in the output of the mechanical
      couplers. The temperature of a mechanical coupler rather than that of the bone
      vibrator is a critical variable in bone conduction calibration. Mechanical
      coupler temperature-dependent output coefficients were determined for use in bone
      conduction calibration from 250 to 4000 Hz for all three bone vibrator types and
      at 6000 and 8000 Hz for the KH 70.

PMID- 4043576
TI  - Self-assessment of communication skills: toward the development of a new speech
      audiometric tool.
AB  - This investigation was carried out in an effort to characterize differences
      between groups of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners on a speech
      perception test based on the theory of signal detection (TSD). TSD allows the
      quantification of two performance measures designed to evaluate listeners'
      ability to assess the accuracy of their own identifications and their level of
      confidence in the self-assessment task. It is hoped that these measures will
      provide a meaningful way to quantify communication skills beyond the percent
      correct word recognition score routinely measured in the audiology clinic.
      Nonparametric indices of self-assessment ability and confidence level, P(A) and
      B, respectively, were measured for ten normal-hearing and ten hearing-impaired
      subjects at two signal-to-noise ratios (S/N). In addition, percent correct word
      recognition scores (%C) were measured. Results indicated that %C differed across
      groups and across S/Ns. In contrast, P(A) and B differed as a function of S/N but
      did not differ between hearing-impaired and normal-hearing groups.

PMID- 4043578
TI  - Relative mortality of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in Denmark: 1933-1981.
AB  - The relative mortality of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in Denmark during
      the period 1933-1981 was studied using a modification of Cox's regression model
      on the basis of two patient populations, ascertained in different ways and
      independently of each other. Initial analysis showed that the two groups could be
      combined completely into one common analysis. Relative mortality was the same for
      both sexes. The additional variables studied were age at diagnosis, current age,
      calendar year at diagnosis and calendar time during follow-up. All these
      interrelated variables were accounted for in the analysis. The analysis showed
      that relative mortality decreased with increasing age at diagnosis; increased
      from 1933 to a maximum in about 1965, after which it decreased; increased with
      increased duration of diabetes to a maximum at 15-25 years, after which it
      declined.

PMID- 4043577
TI  - Real and artefactual erythrocyte swelling in hyperglycaemia.
AB  - The mean erythrocyte volume of patients with acute diabetic decompensation was
      determined by Coulter measurement and found to be elevated above normal (mean
      increase 5.5 mu3). Experiments in vitro revealed this to be an artefact
      associated with Coulter determination. A more reliable estimate of in vivo
      erythrocyte volume can be obtained from centrifugated haematocrit and erythrocyte
      count. With this method, true erythrocyte swelling parallel to glucose
      concentration was observed when erythrocytes were exposed to isotonic glucose
      NaCl solutions. This volume increase resulted from decreased sodium concentration
      and was in the order of 0.5-1.0 mu3 per mmol/l of sodium. Glucose was osmotically
      ineffective. Similar volume changes were documented in a diabetic patient
      parallel to his daily variations of blood glucose. In severe diabetic
      decompensation, dehydration usually prevents an increase in erythrocyte volume.
      We conclude that hyperglycaemia is associated with erythrocyte swelling if total
      serum tonicity remains within the normal range.

PMID- 4043579
TI  - Glycosylated haemoglobins in normal pregnancy.

PMID- 4043580
TI  - Intact glucose oxidation in human fetal pancreas.

PMID- 4043581
TI  - Exercise as a provocative test in early renal disease in type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetes: albuminuric, systemic and renal haemodynamic responses.
AB  - The value of exercise as a provocative test for early renal disease in Type 1
      (insulin-dependent) diabetes was re-evaluated. Three carefully characterized
      groups of males were studied: 10 non-diabetic controls, 16 diabetic patients
      (group 1) with normal urinary albumin excretion (less than 15 micrograms/min) and
      14 Albustix-negative diabetics (group 2) with increased urinary albumin excretion
      (15-122 micrograms/min). Assignment to a study group was made on the basis of
      three 24-h urine collections, and the groups were well matched for age, weight,
      height, and serum creatinine concentration. The two diabetic groups were similar
      with regard to duration of disease (13 +/- 6 versus 16 +/- 3 years), metabolic
      control (HbA1c: 8.4 +/- 1.4 versus 8.7 +/- 1.3%) and degree of diabetic
      complications (beat-to-beat variation and retinopathy). An exercise protocol of
      450 and 600 kpm/min workloads was employed. In the resting state group 2 patients
      had elevated systolic blood pressure compared with the normal subjects (132 +/-
      13 versus 119 +/- 9 mmHg), and their glomerular filtration rate was significantly
      reduced compared with group 1 (123 +/- 19 versus 138 +/- 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2, p
      less than 0.05). During exercise the urinary albumin excretion rate increased
      significantly in all three groups (normal subjects: 6 +/- 0.7 to 8 +/- 1.3
      (microgram/min); group 1: 6 +/- 0.6 to 9 +/- 1 microgram/min and group 2: 48 +/-
      10 to 113 +/- 23 micrograms/min), the relative increase being higher in group 2
      (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043582
TI  - An analysis of epidemiological data in HLA-typed diabetic children.
AB  - To clarify the heterogeneity of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus,
      differences between patients with different HLA risk antigens were investigated
      with regard to sex, age at diagnosis, season of year and calendar year at
      diagnosis of the disease. The study consisted of 293 HLA-typed patients from the
      Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. HLA-Dw2 was
      extremely rare among diabetic patients, whereas Dw3 and Dw4 were associated with
      increased risk in this as in other series. Male patients more often had the HLA
      A1 antigen than females. On comparison of the Dw3 positive patients, boys more
      frequently had the combination A1,B8 than girls. A1,B8-positive patients were
      more often diagnosed during the warm months, in the late summer and autumn.
      Patients with both Dw3 and Dw4 were younger at diagnosis when compared with the
      rest of the patients. The results support the concept of heterogeneity in the
      pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes associated with HLA-linked genetic determinants.

PMID- 4043583
TI  - Incidence of diabetes in Scottish children.

PMID- 4043584
TI  - Characterization of alkaline phosphatase from primordial germ cells and
      ontogenesis of this enzyme in the mouse.
AB  - The physical characteristics of nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) from both
      mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) and gonads were compared with corresponding
      samples from other organs at different developmental stages. Combining a
      cytochemical approach with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the use of
      specific inhibitors, as well as neuraminidase treatment, heat sensitivity tests,
      and molecular-mass criteria, it was found that only one ALP isoenzyme was present
      in all organs up to day 14 of gestation. Distinct ALP isoenzymes first appeared
      in the small intestine on day 15 and, thereafter, in all other tissues except the
      gonads. In these organs, the embryonal ALP isoenzyme seemed to be retained until
      adulthood. Although the placenta had a different ALP isoenzyme than the embryo at
      all stages, this isoenzyme was found to be similar to that in the maternal
      decidual tissues. Therefore, we conclude that the mouse embryo only expresses one
      type of ALP that can be considered "embryonal", regardless of the organ in which
      it first appears, and that this ALP is conserved in the gonads.

PMID- 4043585
TI  - Psoriatic hair-follicle cells. II. Morphological differentiation of outer root
      sheath cells in culture.
AB  - Psoriatic human hair-follicle keratinocytes were cultured and then examined using
      light and electron microscopy. In comparison to control cultures derived from non
      psoriatics, there were significant differences: stratification in general was
      more extensive; suprabasal cells were flat instead of round; there were almost no
      depositions of basal lamina or of cellular debris on the growth substrate;
      numerous membrane coating granules and a few keratohyalin granules were present
      earlier in psoriatic cultures than in control cultures; and the differentiation
      pattern resulted in an earlier appearance of corneocyte-like cells, and clusters
      of these corneocyte-like cells appeared to have been shed into the culture
      medium. As in control cultures, no distinct stratum corneum was found. Whether
      these differences between psoriatic cultures and control cultures reveal an
      aberrant differentiation pattern for psoriatic cells in vitro is as yet unknown:
      due to the faster outgrowth in psoriatic cultures, a multilayered and therefore
      further-differentiated structure near the hair follicle could be obtained more
      rapidly in psoriatic than in normal skin.

PMID- 4043586
TI  - On predicting environmentally-induced human reproductive hazards: an overview and
      historical perspective.

PMID- 4043587
TI  - Recognition, evaluation, and control of chemical embryotoxins in the workplace.

PMID- 4043588
TI  - New mechanistic models for risk assessment.

PMID- 4043589
TI  - Absence of mutagenic activity for monosodium cyanurate.
AB  - The mutagenic potential of monosodium cyanurate was evaluated using in vitro and
      in vivo tests. All in vitro tests were carried out in the presence and absence of
      metabolic activation. In each assay, the highest concentration tested generally
      exceeded the solubility of monosodium cyanurate in the incubation medium. In the
      Salmonella microbial assay, monosodium cyanurate was not mutagenic towards test
      strains TA 98, 100, 1535, and 1537 up to a concentration of 10,000
      micrograms/plate. Monosodium cyanurate did not induce forward mutations at the TK
      locus of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells up to a concentration of 2000 micrograms/ml.
      No significant increases in sister chromatid exchanges were observed when
      monosodium cyanurate was incubated with Chinese hamster ovary cells at
      concentrations up to 1500 micrograms/ml. In an in vivo test, rats were
      administered monosodium cyanurate by gavage at single dosages up to 5000 mg/kg
      and killed 24 and 48 hr after dosing. Bone marrow cells were collected and
      examined for chromosomal aberrations. At the time points examined, there was no
      evidence of monosodium cyanurate-induced chromosomal aberrations in rat bone
      marrow cells.

PMID- 4043590
TI  - Studies on reproduction in rats with meclofenamate sodium, a nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory agent.
AB  - Reproduction and teratology studies were performed in rats given meclofenamate
      sodium, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Dosages of 0, 3, 6, and 9 mg/kg
      were administered orally as dietary admixtures in the Fertility and Perinatal
      Postnatal studies. In the Teratology study, dosages of 10, 12, 15, and 20 mg/kg
      were administered by intragastric intubation. In the Male-Fertility study no
      adverse effects on fertility or litter and offspring parameters were observed in
      two generations. In the Female-Fertility and Perinatal-Postnatal studies,
      maternal toxicity (death associated with intestinal ulceration and adhesions) was
      particularly evident during lactation. Prolonged gestation periods, decreased
      weanling weights, and increased weanling mortality were evident at dosages of 6
      and 9 mg/kg. Increased postimplantation loss occurred at 6 and 9 mg/kg in the
      Term Sacrifice subgroup of the Female-Fertility study. Fertility rates were
      unaffected and all other litter and offspring parameters of the F1 and F2
      generations appeared normal. In the Teratology study no adverse effects on
      embryonic or fetal development were evident at maternally toxic dosages up to 20
      mg/kg.

PMID- 4043591
TI  - Effects of ClO2 on the absorption and distribution of dietary iodide in the rat.
AB  - Aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2), an alternative disinfectant for drinking water,
      was found to decrease gastrointestinal (GI) bioavailability of dietary iodide. It
      has been previously reported that subchronic exposure to ClO2 decreases thyroxine
      (T4) levels in nonhuman primates. In this study in vitro experiments with animal
      feed, isolated rat stomachs, as well as in vivo studies with intact rats, showed
      that ClO2 in drinking water (at in situ concentrations as low as 2 ppm) oxidizes
      iodide to its reactive elemental (radical) state, binding it to organic
      substances present in the GI tract. A single instance of acute exposure to ClO2,
      however, did not decrease blood iodide levels, or thyroid glandular uptake of
      iodine.

PMID- 4043592
TI  - Hypophagia-induced weight loss in mice, rats, and guinea pigs treated with
      2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
AB  - C57BL/6 mice treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 360
      micrograms/kg) displayed a significant reduction in feed intake and body weight
      until just before death, when they developed ascites and subcutaneous edema. This
      caused body weight of the mice that died to suddenly increase during the terminal
      stage of toxicity. TCDD-treated mice that survived did not develop ascites or
      edema, and maintained a body weight that was slightly less than that of pair-fed
      mice. Cumulative lethality in TCDD-treated mice (69%) was greater than that of
      pair-fed controls (14%). In guinea pigs treated with TCDD (2 micrograms/kg) both
      the time course and magnitude of hypophagia were closely associated with weight
      loss. Pair-fed guinea pigs did not lose quite as much weight as TCDD-treated
      animals because their total body water content was higher. Water intake in pair
      fed guinea pigs was greater than that of TCDD-treated animals. The time course
      and magnitude of lethality tended to be similar in TCDD-treated guinea pigs (81%)
      and pair-fed controls (64%). In Fischer F-344 rats treated with TCDD (100
      micrograms/kg) body weight loss was associated with a reduction in both feed and
      water intake. The time course and magnitude of weight loss in TCDD-treated and
      pair-fed rats was essentially identical. Lethality was higher in TCDD-treated
      rats (95%) than pair-fed control animals (48%). Taken together, these findings
      suggest that hypophagia is responsible for the loss of adipose and lean tissue in
      mice, guinea pigs, and rats treated with a LD70-95 dose of TCDD. Under these
      dosage conditions, weight loss contributes more to the lethality of guinea pigs
      than to that of Fischer F-344 rats or C57BL/6 mice.

PMID- 4043593
TI  - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in adult rat hepatocytes in primary
      culture by several chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons including 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
AB  - The induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) by Aroclor 1254, 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other polychlorinated organic compounds
      was examined in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes isolated by a
      collagenase perfusion technique. Following exposure of fresh hepatocyte cultures
      to 1 microgram/ml Aroclor 1254, AHH induction was undetected for 48 hr and then
      increased dramatically up to 96 hr. Cultures maintained in control medium for
      either 24, 48, or 72 hr prior to a 24-hr exposure to Aroclor 1254 displayed
      significant inducible AHH which was sustained to 96 hr. AHH induction was
      extremely sensitive to two planar polyaromatic hydrocarbons, 2,3,7,8-TCDD and
      2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, and the PCB congener 3,4,3',4'
      tetrachlorobiphenyl, but insensitive to 2,6-dichlorodibenzofuran, 2,5,2',5'
      tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, and hexachlorobenzene.
      The induction of AHH activity in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes may
      represent a useful bioassay for screening extracts of foodstuffs, biological
      fluids, or environmental samples for dioxin-like activity.

PMID- 4043594
TI  - Metabolism and disposition of dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPGME) in male
      rats.
AB  - Male Fischer 344 rats were given a single oral dose of approximately 1289 mg/kg
      (8.7 mmol/kg) of [14C]DPGME. After dosing, expired air, excreta, and tissues were
      analyzed for 14C activity, and metabolites in urine were isolated and identified.
      Approximately 60% of the administered 14C activity was excreted in urine, while
      27% was eliminated as 14CO2 within 48 hr after dosing. DPGME, PGME, dipropylene
      glycol, propylene glycol, as well as sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of DPGME
      were identified in urine of animals given [14C]DPGME. Results of the study
      indicate that DPGME is metabolized via the same routes to the same general types
      of metabolites as previously identified for propylene glycol monomethyl ether
      (PGME).

PMID- 4043595
TI  - Teratological assessment of methanol and ethanol at high inhalation levels in
      rats.
AB  - Alcohols are widely used as industrial solvents. In spite of the fact that
      ethanol is a human teratogen, there has not been systematic investigation of the
      potential teratogenic effects of other alcohols, particularly using the
      inhalation route of exposure, as would be appropriate in assessing occupational
      and environmental types of experience. As part of a large teratological
      examination of industrial alcohols, methanol and ethanol were administered by
      inhalation to groups of approximately 15 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Methanol
      was administered at 20,000 ppm (20ME), 10,000 ppm (10ME), 5000 ppm (5ME), and 0
      ppm (MECO) for 7 hr/day on Days 1-19 of gestation (Days 7-15 for 20ME). Ethanol
      was administered at 20,000 ppm (20ET), 16,000 ppm (16ET), 10,000 ppm (10ET), and
      0 ppm (ETCO) for 7 hr/day on Days 1-19 of gestation. Dams were sacrificed on Day
      20 (sperm = Day 0). One-half of the fetuses were examined using the Wilson
      technique for visceral defects, and the other half were examined for skeletal
      defects. The highest concentration of methanol (20ME) produced slight maternal
      toxicity and a high incidence of congenital malformations (p less than 0.001),
      predominantly extra or rudimentary cervical ribs and urinary or cardiovascular
      defects. Similar malformations were seen in the 10ME group, but the incidence was
      not significantly different from controls. No adverse effects were noted in the
      5ME group. Dams in the 20ET group were narcotized by the end of exposure, and
      maternal weight gain and feed intake were decreased during the first week of
      exposure. The 16ET dams had slightly depressed weight gain (p less than 0.01)
      during the first week of exposure, but there were no significant effects on feed
      consumption. There was no definite increase in malformations at any level of
      ethanol, although the incidence in the 20ET group was of borderline significance.

PMID- 4043596
TI  - Subchronic toxicity studies of N-D-ornithyl amphotericin B methyl ester in dogs
      and rats.
AB  - Two subchronic studies were conducted to assess the potential toxicity of N-D
      ornithyl amphotericin B methyl ester (OAME). In both studies the comparative
      control substance was amphotericin B (AMB). Dogs (5/sex/group) were given OAME
      (82% pure, based on high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis) at 0.6,
      2.5, and 10 mg/kg or AMB at 0.6 mg/kg intravenously once daily for 3 months. Two
      dogs per sex per group were retained for a 7-week postdose observation period.
      Rats (15/sex/group) were given daily doses of OAME at 4, 12, 24, and 36 mg/kg or
      AMB at 5 and 12 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 3 months. The principal organs of
      toxicity in both species were the liver, kidneys, and circulating erythrocytes.
      Hepatic changes in dogs consisted of periportal and centrilobular inflammation in
      animals of all dosed groups and were equivalent in dogs given 0.6 mg/kg OAME or
      AMB. In rats, acute hepatic necrosis with periportal, centrilobular, or
      panlobular distribution in animals of all OAME (except 4 mg/kg) and AMB-dosed
      groups was observed. These changes were equivalent in the 36-mg/kg OAME- and 12
      mg/kg AMB-dosed animals. Renal changes, evidenced by increases in serum urea
      nitrogen water consumption, urine volume, decreased urine osmolality, and renal
      tubular changes (ranging from degeneration and regeneration to necrosis), were
      observed in both species. In dogs, these changes in the OAME-dosed animals were
      less severe at all doses than those observed in the AMB-dosed dogs. Renal changes
      in rats, which were mild in comparison to the dogs, were equivalent at doses of 5
      and 12 mg/kg AMB and 36 mg/kg OAME. Decreased erythrocyte counts, hematocrit, and
      hemoglobin values were observed in both species. Unique to the dog study,
      however, were irreversible behavioral (somnolence, ataxia, tremors, and
      compulsive searching) and/or morphologic brain changes (gliosis with astrocytic
      hypertrophy and hyperplasia) at doses of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg OAME. Similar changes
      were observed in two dogs given 10 mg/kg OAME (100% pure, based on HPLC analysis)
      in a 6-week pilot study, indicating that the neurological changes were induced by
      OAME rather than by an impurity. These changes appear related to prolonged
      exposure to high plasma concentrations of OAME.

PMID- 4043597
TI  - In vitro bioassay for dioxinlike activity based on alterations in epithelial cell
      proliferation and morphology.
AB  - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been shown to induce changes in
      morphology and proliferation characteristics of a nonkeratinizing derivative
      (XBF) of a keratinizing epithelial cell line (XB), cloned from a mouse teratoma,
      when cocultured with irradiated feeder cells. Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
      (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
      polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides (24 compounds in total)
      were tested for their ability to induce these effects. The results indicated
      that, for the representative compounds tested, these changes are relatively
      specific for-and that the XBF cells are extremely sensitive to--PCDDs and PCDFs.
      TCDD was the most potent congener tested, capable of inducing the effects at a
      concentration as low as 10(-11) M. The activities of other tested PCDDs and PCDFs
      ranged from 10(-1) to 10(-3) of TCDD activity. The PCBs, PAHs, and pesticides had
      lower activities ranging from 10(-3) to 10(-6) that of TCDD. This assay system
      using XBF cells cocultured with irradiated 3T3 fibroblast feeder cells was
      examined as a possible in vitro screening assay for dioxinlike activity by
      testing benzene extracts of soot from a fire involving a PCB-containing
      transformer. The results were compared to a high-resolution gas
      chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis for total PCDFs in the same samples.
      This comparison showed a good correlation, suggesting that the XBF-3T3 system has
      potential for use as a semiquantitative assay for dioxinlike activity.

PMID- 4043599
TI  - Toxic effects on the visual system of diaminodiphenoxybutane, quinine, and
      ethambutol in conscious dogs.
AB  - The effects of diaminodiphenoxybutane (DAPB), quinine, and ethambutol (EB) on the
      electroretinogram (ERG) and the visual evoked potential (VEP) were examined in
      conscious dogs. In dogs receiving repeated oral doses of 100 mg/kg/day for 4 days
      or a single iv dose of 30 mg/kg of DAPB, the amplitudes of the ERG a- and b-waves
      were markedly depressed and the peak latency of the VEP first wave was prolonged.
      Thereafter, ophthalmoscopic changes consisted of mottled discoloration of the
      fundus, loss of visual placing reaction, and dilatation of the pupils with
      reduction of the pupillary light reflex were observed. These abnormal signs
      disappeared even though the marked depression in amplitudes of the ERG a- and b
      waves and the prolongation in latency of the VEP first wave continued. A single
      iv dose of quinine at 50 mg/kg caused a slight depression of the amplitude of the
      ERG, whereas the VEP remained relatively unaffected. In a dog receiving a single
      iv dose of quinine at 100 mg/kg, both the ERG and VEP were depressed, and a
      slight dilatation of the pupils with reduction of the pupillary light reflex and
      an impairment of visual placing reaction were observed transiently. There was no
      abnormality in the ocular fundus in either animal receiving quinine. The dogs
      receiving repeated sc doses of EB at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks
      each, for a total of 12 weeks, showed extensive decoloration of the tapetal
      fundus. However, neither the ERG nor VEP showed any significant abnormalities,
      and no behavioral signs of visual disturbance were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043598
TI  - Carcinogenicity of chloroform in drinking water to male Osborne-Mendel rats and
      female B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - The carcinogenic activity of chloroform administered at 0, 200, 400, 900, and
      1800 mg/liter in drinking water was studied in male Osborne-Mendel rats and
      female B6C3F1 mice. A second control group was included in the study and was
      restricted to the water consumption of the high-dose group. Animals were
      maintained on study for 104 weeks. Group sizes were adjusted at low doses such
      that a detectable tumor response would result at the lowest dose if there was a
      linear relationship with dose, and the higher doses produced responses similar to
      previous carcinogenesis bioassays of chloroform. The primary finding was that
      chloroform increased the yield of renal tubular adenomas and adenocarcinomas in
      male rats in a dose-related manner. For the high-dose group, which corresponded
      to a time-weighted average dose of 160 mg/kg per day for 104 weeks, there was a
      14% incidence of renal tubular adenomas and adenocarcinomas, vs 1% in the control
      group. This compares to a 24% incidence observed when 180 mg/kg per day of
      chloroform was administered for 78 weeks in earlier studies. In contrast,
      chloroform in the drinking water of mice failed to increase the incidence of
      hepatocellular carcinomas in female B6C3F1 mice. The highest dose group received
      a time-weighted average dose of 263 mg/kg for 104 weeks, resulting in a 5%
      combined incidence of hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma relative to a 6%
      incidence in the control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043600
TI  - A 90-day vapor inhalation toxicity study of decalin.
AB  - A subchronic 90-day inhalation study was conducted to determine the toxic effects
      of decalin, a commonly used industrial solvent. Experimental groups consisting of
      male and female beagle dogs, male and female Fischer-344 rats, and female C57BL/6
      mice were continuously exposed to decalin concentrations of 5 or 50 ppm. An
      unexposed control group was also maintained. All dogs and a portion of each
      rodent group were sacrificed and examined at exposure termination, while the
      remaining rodents were held for observation up to 21 months postexposure. No
      distinct exposure-related lesions were noted in dogs. Dog body weights, organ
      weights, and blood clinical pathology were also normal. At exposure termination
      hepatocellular cytoplasmic vacuolization was noted in female mice exposed to both
      concentrations. This liver tissue change was reversible and was not a significant
      finding in female mice examined during the 21-month postexposure observation
      period. In male rats, decalin exposure produced nephropathy characterized by
      hyaline droplets, necrosis, and intratubular casts. Accentuated tubular
      degeneration and medullary mineralization were noted in exposed rats held for
      long-term postexposure observation. There was no associated abnormal increase in
      mortality nor alterations in serum, blood urea nitrogen, or creatinine levels.
      Female rats were free of decalin-induced renal damage. There was a slightly
      greater incidence of commonly occurring pituitary tumors in both mice and rats;
      however, the tumor incidence was not dose related. The results of this study
      suggest that the toxic effects of decalin are similar to those previously
      described for other hydrocarbon solvents and fuels.

PMID- 4043601
TI  - Quantity versus quality: is stress the link?

PMID- 4043602
TI  - Work satisfaction of general practitioners and the quality of patient care.
AB  - The emotional reactions of 57 general practitioners to three aspects of work was
      assessed by means of questionnaires. The quality of patient care was assessed by
      means of observations of general practice consultations, assessment of audiotaped
      consulting hour contacts and an analysis of the referral and prescription
      figures. A distinction was made between the degree of positive and the degree of
      negative feelings general practitioners have about their work. Many positive
      feelings (satisfaction, feeling at ease) correlated with more openness to
      patients, more attention to psychosocial aspects of the complaints but also with
      a higher rate of referral to medical specialists. On the other hand, many
      negative feelings (frustration, tension, lack of time) correlated with a high
      prescription rate and with giving little explanation to patients. To some extent
      the way that work is experienced by general practitioners correlated with the
      quality of care for the patients, but what constitutes cause and effect requires
      further study. A reflection of a doctor's own feelings about work should become
      part of training, continuing education and medical audit programmes.

PMID- 4043603
TI  - Measurement of stress as it affects the work of the general practitioner.
AB  - This paper describes a preliminary study which collected information on the work
      of 18 general practitioners during a total of 52 days, and also recorded their
      feelings of pressure and stress from hour to hour throughout each day. The
      instruments used to record information on day-to-day activities and to measure
      self-perceived pressure, stress and arousal are described. The reliability and
      validity of the methods used are discussed, and some suggestions made for future
      development. A few preliminary findings are presented.

PMID- 4043604
TI  - Does labelling and treatment for hypertension increase illness behaviour?
AB  - This study looked at the possible harmful effects of detection and treatment for
      hypertension. Patients with borderline blood pressure (diastolic 96-109 mmHg)
      were randomized into two groups: an intervention group receiving treatment for
      hypertension and a control group not told about any problem and left untreated.
      The morbidity in these two groups were studied for differences. During the period
      studied, the patients in the investigation group saw the doctor more frequently
      and had a larger number of diseases classified than the control group. When
      consultations involving hypertension and its follow up were excluded, however, no
      differences were demonstrable between the groups. Problem behaviour,
      psychosomatic and functional affections and symptom diagnoses were evenly
      distributed over the two groups. The difference in blood pressure between the two
      groups after completion of the study was not marked: the decrease in diastolic
      blood pressure averaged 7.6 mmHg in the control group versus 9.1 mmHg in the
      intervention group. In cases where the initial blood pressure values are only
      slightly raised, careful monitoring of blood pressure over a long period seems to
      be as effective as treatment for hypertension. The general practitioner should
      focus especially on anticipation in this sense.

PMID- 4043605
TI  - Physician redistribution: a worldwide medical problem.
AB  - The Rural Physician Associate Program may be the only undergraduate medical
      education programme in the world that has been able to successfully redistribute
      family physicians into geographically isolated areas where there are serious
      shortages of doctors. A number of factors are essential to this success of the
      scheme: absolute moral and economic support from the people and their elected
      leaders; a willingness of medical school faculty to give academic and clinical
      support to an ongoing, long-term effort with undergraduate medical students and
      practising family physicians; the free volunteering by rural practising
      physicians to make the commitment to teach the medical students for over nine
      months and to pay these students up to +5000; the emphasis of the programme to be
      placed on the importance of using a biopsychosocial-sexual model in creative
      problem solving; audiovisual taping, behavioural medicine seminars and family
      therapy sessions are additional curriculum tools in helping students and
      physicians care for people with somatic complaints; the student's spouse and
      children to be included in the professional conditioning experience; there is no
      legal commitment for the student and family to return to rural Minnesota after
      the programme.

PMID- 4043606
TI  - A graduate programme for academic family physicians.
AB  - The paper describes a graduate studies programme designed to prepare outstanding
      family physicians for academic leadership and reports an evaluation of the
      programme. The programme aims to produce academic family physicians who exhibit
      certain qualities: outstanding clinical skills, professional interest in the
      organization and transmission of knowledge, and a scholarly approach through
      research and skills of leadership. The course includes clinical and teaching
      practice, formal course work and a scholarly thesis; the emphasis is on teaching
      and learning, theoretical foundations of family medicine, whole person medicine,
      research design and techniques, ethical decision making, and administration of
      organizations. A survey of the first 30 graduates of the programme indicated that
      the majority did more clinical teaching, small group teaching, research, writing
      and administration than before the course. The graduates' opinions of the
      programme indicated the extent to which the programme goals have been met; to
      provide a coherent learning experience integrating the art, science and
      technology of the discipline of family medicine.

PMID- 4043607
TI  - Milestones or furlongstones?
AB  - A study was carried out over five years of 15000 children aged between one day
      and three months. It was observed that many infants passed their important
      'milestones' much earlier than is suggested in present textbooks. A plea is made
      for discarding the traditional ages for the various landmarks in the development
      of a child. The changes of mental development are very important in the first
      three months and during the three to six months period the baby seems to be
      merely consolidating more methodically what he was doing less conveniently during
      the first three months.

PMID- 4043609
TI  - Health outcomes in primary care: an approach to the problems.

PMID- 4043608
TI  - Perinatal mortality in infants of two different ethnic groups.
AB  - In a retrospective survey of 1433 Chinese and 1130 Gurkha (Nepali) births in an
      Armed Services environment in Hong Kong, neonatal mortality rates were analysed
      according to birthweight. The data thus obtained were compared with similar data
      from published surveys with the aim of ascertaining any differences in mortality
      rates.

PMID- 4043611
TI  - Grouping together clinically homogeneous terms.

PMID- 4043610
TI  - Measuring the outcome of general practitioner care.

PMID- 4043612
TI  - Primary health care in Portugal: reflections on a Portuguese-Norwegian
      development project.

PMID- 4043613
TI  - [Most important trends in the development of human physiology during the 40 years
      since the victory of the Soviet people in World War II].

PMID- 4043614
TI  - [Thermographic indices of the responses of the brain to visual stimuli].

PMID- 4043616
TI  - [Interrelations between different ranges of bioelectrical activity of the brain].

PMID- 4043615
TI  - [Neurophysiologic possibilities for studying evoked changes in the frequency of
      neuron discharges by the technic of component analysis].

PMID- 4043617
TI  - [Reactions of neurons and evoked potentials in subcortical structures of the
      brain during visual discrimination. I. Defining the problem and principal methods
      of solving it].

PMID- 4043618
TI  - [Effect of spatial-frequency filtration and length of a letter of distinguishable
      images on the psychophysiologic characteristics of their discrimination].

PMID- 4043620
TI  - [Hemispheric asymmetry in the electroencephalogram of twins].

PMID- 4043619
TI  - [Prestimulus EEG and evoked potentials in man during discrimination of a
      meaningful photic stimulus].

PMID- 4043621
TI  - [Features of the emotional reactions of persons with different levels of
      neuroticism].

PMID- 4043622
TI  - [Status of motor neurons and the monosynaptic reflex arc before a simple
      voluntary movement].

PMID- 4043623
TI  - [Determination of the axes of force of the plantar flexors of the foot by a
      biomechanical method].

PMID- 4043624
TI  - [Effect of collateral circulation on left ventricular function at rest and during
      exertion in patients who have sustained infarctions of the posterior wall of the
      myocardium].

PMID- 4043625
TI  - [Impedance of the arterial system and cardiac activity].

PMID- 4043626
TI  - [Features of the respiration of residents of the North-East USSR].

PMID- 4043627
TI  - [Indices of external respiration among young athletes during adaptation to high
      environmental temperature].

PMID- 4043628
TI  - [Indices of humoral-hormonal regulation of functions in highly skilled chess
      players].

PMID- 4043629
TI  - [Effect of 24-hour sleep deprivation on the metabolism of biogenic amines].

PMID- 4043630
TI  - [Characteristics of electrocutaneous conductivity in healthy men and women].

PMID- 4043631
TI  - [Electromyographic criteria for the evaluation of operators].

PMID- 4043632
TI  - [Changes in indices of the cardiorespiratory system in the presence of a local
      static load].

PMID- 4043634
TI  - [Adaptation of the human body to repeated brief exposure to a hot environment].

PMID- 4043633
TI  - [Relation between the spectral composition of the electroencephalogram and
      parameters of intermittent photostimulation].

PMID- 4043635
TI  - [Changes in the sensitivity of the body to triiodothyronine and adrenaline as a
      result of smoking].

PMID- 4043637
TI  - [Intensification of the somnogenic effect of heat pulsation by simultaneous
      exposure of 2 reflexogenic zones].

PMID- 4043636
TI  - [Visual perception of the shape of a surface from half-tone images].

PMID- 4043638
TI  - [Useful and useless controversies regarding contraction bands and the
      pathogenesis of ischemic cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 4043639
TI  - [Identification of patients with stenosis of the main trunk of the left coronary
      artery by ergometric variables].
AB  - In 354 patients with coronary artery disease (9 with greater than or equal to
      90%, 42 with 50-75% and 303 with no left main (LM) stenosis, prevalence of
      ergometric criteria of severe disease was considered. In patients with LM
      stenosis were more frequent: work load less than or equal to 75 watt (p less than
      0,001); ST depression greater than 2 mm (p less than 0,01); 3 or more leads
      involved (p less than 0,05); no increment of heart rate (p less than 0,01) or of
      blood pressure (p less than 0.01). Work load had the best predictive value (30%)
      of LM stenosis, associated with a reasonable sensitivity (55%). Combination ST
      depression + heart rate or work load + blood pressure had a predictive value of
      100%, but minimal sensitivity (8%). In detecting greater than or equal to 90% LM
      stenosis heart rate had the best predictive value (13%), associated with high
      sensitivity (78%). Presence of 2 any criteria could detect all greater than or
      equal to 90% LM stenosis (sensitivity 100%, predictive value 11%). ST depression
      + heart rate had a predictive value of 100% and a sensitivity of 44%. It is
      concluded that no single or associated exercise variable has both high
      sensitivity and high predictive value of LM stenosis.

PMID- 4043640
TI  - [Role of bidimensional echocardiography in the study of aneurysms of a membranous
      septum associated with defects of the intraventricular septum of perimembranous
      type].
AB  - Spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects (V.S.D.) is frequently
      associated with aneurysm of the membranous septum (A.M.S.). However, the presence
      of A.M.S. may not be always indicative of closure or diminution of the size of
      V.S.D.. The purpose of this paper is to present the role of two-dimensional
      echocardiography (2D E) in the identification and assessment of A.M.S.. The
      dimensions, morphology and motion of A.M.S. during the cardiac cycle was also
      analyzed frame by frame by the 2D E technique. 20 cases of A.M.S. associated with
      perimembranous V.S.D. are included in this study. The most useful
      echocardiographic section in the assessment of A.M.S. was the apical four-chamber
      view with slight cranial angulation (sensitivity = 100%). The frame-by-frame
      analysis of A.M.S. motion during the cardiac cycle may give useful informations
      concerning the hemodynamic and physiopathologic abnormalities associated with the
      underlying congenital heart diseases. We conclude the 2D E seems to be useful in
      the identification and assessment of A.M.S. associated with perimembranous V.S.D.

PMID- 4043641
TI  - [Aortic coarctation and associated abnormalities in the first year of life.
      Echocardiographic diagnosis].
AB  - Thirty-eight cases of "Aortic Coarctation Syndrome" presenting in the first year
      of life (66% under 3 months of age) were studied with cross-sectional
      echocardiography. Direct imaging of the coarctation was achieved in 75% of cases.
      Patent ductus arteriosus was present in 60% (80% before three months). Associated
      anomalies were present in 63%; VSD 29%, Aortic stenosis 16%, Mitral stenosis 16%,
      AV Canal 5%, Taussig Bing type of DORV 5%, Corrected transposition with VSD 3%,
      Ebstein anomaly 3%, Univentricular A-V connection 3%. The results were compared
      with angiographic and/or surgical and/or autoptic findings. The echocardiographic
      diagnosis proved to be very reliable in most cases. The policy of sending to
      surgery most neonates and infants with coarctation of the aorta without
      preoperative catheterization is discussed.

PMID- 4043642
TI  - [Cardiopathy and acute cerebrovascular insufficiency. Prospective study with two
      dimensional echocardiography].
AB  - Many cardiac disorders can cause acute cerebrovascular insufficiency. The
      spectrum of potentially embolic cardiac conditions is wide; early recognition may
      determine a definite change in the management and prognosis of patients. In
      recent years the relevance of echocardiography in the screening of patients with
      cerebral ischemia has been emphasized. In order to identify potentially embolic
      cardiac conditions, 180 consecutive non selected patients with cerebrovascular
      insufficiency, underwent a clinical cardiological evaluation and an
      echocardiogram. The study population included 132 men and 48 women; the mean age
      was 51.7 years (range 19 to 72 years). A technically adequate echocardiogram was
      obtained in 153 patients. In 131 patients echocardiography was negative; cardiac
      lesions were detected in 22 patients (14.4%): mitral stenosis in 2, calcified
      aortic stenosis in 1, valvular endocarditis vegetations in 3, dilatative
      cardiomyopathy in 2, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 4, mitral valve prolapse in
      4, regional left ventricular diskynesia in 5, mitral anulus calcification in 1.
      Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the results of cerebral
      angiography: 68 patients with normal angiography (Group I), 54 patients with
      atheromasic lesions on cerebral angiography (Group II), 31 patients in whom
      cerebral angiography was not performed (Group III). A higher incidence of cardiac
      diseases was found in the patients of Group I. The lack of lesions on cerebral
      angiography and the presence of embolic high-risk cardiac conditions strengthened
      a causal relationship of the cardiac disorder with cerebrovascular insufficiency
      in 10 of the 23 patients. In the mean follow-up period of 18 months of these 10
      patients who underwent cardiac surgery or anticoagulation, no further attacks of
      cerebrovascular insufficiency were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043643
TI  - [Angioplasty of the common trunk of the left coronary artery with venous patch].
AB  - Surgical angioplasty of the left main coronary artery for severe iatrogenic
      stenosis has been done on a 40 year old female patient operated upon five months
      before for mitral and aortic valve prosthetic replacement. Postoperative
      angiocardiographic study showed patent left main trunk and the patient is angina
      free six months post-operatively. Operative indication and surgical technique are
      discussed as an alternative to aorto-coronary by-pass surgery for left main
      proximal stenosis without peripheral lesions. It does not result from literature
      that this surgical technique has ever been employed in patients previously
      operated with open heart surgery.

PMID- 4043644
TI  - [A new dual-chamber pacemaker with an automatic antitachycardia system in the
      treatment of the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome].
AB  - A new dual-chamber pacemaker with automatic tachycardia terminating system was
      used in three patients with bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome. This pacemaker
      (Medtronic Symbios 7008) is a multiprogrammable, bipolar device with
      bidirectional telemetry and six permanent pacing modes (DDD-DVI-VVI-DOO-VOO-AOO).
      The antitachycardia system can be programmed in two different modes: underdrive
      dual demand and overdrive atrial burts (1 to 16 stimuli with selectable coupling
      interval from 135 to 360 msec). The pacing modes are automatically activated when
      five consecutive R-R cycles shorter than the tachycardia detection interval are
      sensed. The pacemaker may sense the ventricle (when set on VVI or DVI mode) or
      sense both the atrium and the ventricle (in DDD mode). The pacemaker was
      programmed on DVI mode in all three patients, and the overdrive atrial burst
      program was used for tachycardia termination, with promptly and costantly
      effective results. The underdrive dual demand program was tested after the
      implantation, but it did not show constant results because inefficacy or late
      termination of tachycardias.

PMID- 4043645
TI  - [Evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction in coronary disease patients by
      the gated blood pool method and cineangiography. Critical analysis of divergences
      between the 2 methods].
AB  - In order to assess the reliability of left ventricular ejection fraction as
      estimated by gated blood pool method, radionuclide angiography (LAO) and single
      plane (RAO) contrast cineangiocardiography were performed within 14 days in 60
      patients with coronary artery disease. The mean value of radionuclide ejection
      fraction was found to be 55 +/- 16%; contrast cineangiographic ejection fraction
      was 57 +/- 15%; r = 0.92. In 23 patients with previous anterior myocardial
      infarction gated blood pool method was found to underestimate left ventricular
      ejection fraction when compared with contrast cineangiography. The observed
      underestimation was wide significant in 11 patients with previous anterior
      infarction, low (less than 50%) radioisotopic ejection fraction and septal
      akinesia and/or apical dyskinesia; radionuclide ejection fraction = 33 +/- 8%;
      contrast cineangiographic ejection fraction = 42 +/- 9%; r = 0,76. This study
      confirms that the values of left ventricular ejection fraction as estimated by
      gated blood pool method in coronary patients are quite reliable; moreover, the
      intrinsic variability of the data is low. This may be not true in patients with
      previous anterior myocardial infarction. The Authors discuss the possible causes
      of disagreement between radioisotopic and contrastographic ejection fraction in
      patients with previous anterior infarction and poor left ventricular function:
      physical problems of measuring ejection fraction by gated blood pool in dilated
      ventricles; possible mistakes in evaluating blood pool due to the low mobility of
      the blood mass nearest to the scintillation camera; inhability of contrast
      cineangiography in RAO to recognize the interventricular septum and evaluate its
      kinetic abnormalities; unreliability of the geometrical model of revolution
      elypsoid in calculating end-systolic volumes in ventricles with abnormal wall
      kinesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043646
TI  - [Drug blockade of the neurovegetative system in the study of sinus node
      function].

PMID- 4043647
TI  - [Sudden and fatal malfunction of a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis in mitral position due
      to rupture of the ventricular bracket and disk embolization].
AB  - Mechanical complications of prosthetic valves are increasing. The following
      report describes a case of fracture of a Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthetic strut
      with dislogment of the valve occluder into the thoracic aorta. At the reoperation
      a new prosthesis was implanted but the patient died of acute heart failure. The
      diagnosis of valve disfunction must be made non invasively, because the time
      required for cardiac catherization usually constitutes a lethal delay. The only
      hope for survival is prompt surgical treatment.

PMID- 4043648
TI  - [Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia of a variable degree of atrial synchronization
      caused by drinking cold water].
AB  - We report upon a patient with mitral valve prolapse of mild degree who complained
      of paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias after drinking ice-cold beverages. It was
      demonstrated that iced water ingestion was followed, in this patient, by
      transient episodes of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The reproducible
      induction of acute, transient rhythm disturbance can possibly be explained by the
      temperature changes of either the pericardium or the left atrial wall, which have
      been experimentally shown to follow iced water swallowing. Whether this is a
      direct cause-to-effect phenomenon or one involving a neural mechanism cannot be
      currently inferred.

PMID- 4043649
TI  - [Medical role of the levels of medical care].

PMID- 4043650
TI  - [Brain levels of dopamine during the estrous cycle in the rat].

PMID- 4043651
TI  - [Electrophoretic variants of erythrocyte acid phosphatase in samples from
      subjects from the Federal District and various states of the Republic of Mexico].

PMID- 4043652
TI  - [Lupus nephritis. Unifying criteria: a necessity].

PMID- 4043653
TI  - [Intermittent claudication of neurologic origin].

PMID- 4043654
TI  - [Multiple cartilaginous exostoses in a family. Relation of its complications and
      association with coagulopathies].

PMID- 4043655
TI  - Effect of truncal vagotomy on neurotensin-like immunoreactivity release in dogs.
AB  - To elucidate the relationship between the vagus nerve and circulating neurotensin
      release, mongrel dogs were given an intraduodenal infusion of a 50 ml water
      solution containing 10 g glucose (n = 4) or 5 g soybean oil (n = 7) over a period
      of 4 min before and after truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty. In the
      prevagotomized animals only a slight increase of neurotensin-like
      immunoreactivity (NTLI) was observed following glucose infusion, while NTLI in
      response to fat infusion was significantly increased. After vagotomy, NTLI
      release following fat infusion was significantly decreased when compared to
      untreated control animals, suggesting that vagotomy causes a major alteration in
      circulating NTLI release and that the vagus nerve may play a definite role in fat
      induced NTLI release.

PMID- 4043656
TI  - Studies on the effects of estrogen on in vitro antibody production in autoimmune
      liver diseases, including lupoid hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Antibody-forming cells produced by adding trinitrophenylated sheep red blood
      cells (TNP-SRBC) were induced, when peripheral blood mononuclear cells from
      normal individuals and patients with autoimmune liver diseases, including lupoid
      hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, were stimulated in vitro with pokeweed
      mitogen (PWM). Although antibody responses were significantly augmented by adding
      estrogen simultaneously with PWM to mononuclear cell cultures prepared from
      normal individuals and autoimmune liver diseases patients, a significant
      difference was observed according to the concentrations of estrogen between the
      normal subjects and patients. These observations suggest that a different
      responsiveness to the different concentrations of estrogen underlines the
      immunological abnormalities involved in autoimmune liver diseases, including
      lupoid hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 4043657
TI  - Sterol and bile acid metabolism after short-term prednisolone treatment in
      patients with chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - Serum levels of squalene, cholesterol and bile acid were measured before and
      after short-term prednisolone administration in patients with chronic active
      hepatitis. Comparison with normal controls indicated that serum bile acid levels
      were increased significantly (p less than 0.01) in patients with chronic active
      hepatitis, but serum levels of squalene and cholesterol did not differ
      significantly between the two groups. After short-term prednisolone treatment,
      serum levels of squalene and cholesterol were increased significantly (p less
      than 0.01) as compared with the pretreatment level. On the other hand, while
      serum fasting bile acid levels were found to be increased significantly (p less
      than 0.01), serum clearance after oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid
      improved significantly (p less than 0.05) after treatment. These results
      indicated that short-term prednisolone treatment increases sterol metabolism in
      the liver in patients with chronic active hepatitis, resulting from an increase
      in hepatic clearance of bile acids.

PMID- 4043658
TI  - Proceedings of the international session of the 26th annual meeting of the
      Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. October 18-20, 1984, Chiba, Japan.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4043659
TI  - Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment of bile reflux gastritis.
AB  - Intractable epigastric pain associated with nausea and bilious vomiting often
      follows gastric surgery and has been attributed to reflux of bile and the
      irritating effects of endogenous bile acids on the gastric remnant. To test the
      effect of changing bile acid composition of the refluxed material on the symptoms
      and gastric mucosal histology, 12 patients with symptomatic alkaline reflux
      gastritis were treated for 1 mo with placebo and for 1 mo with ursodeoxycholic
      acid, 1000 mg/day. Before treatment, all patients were symptomatic and manifested
      epigastric pain, nausea, and bilious vomiting. The gastric mucosa was
      erythematous, friable, and bile stained, and the histology revealed chronic
      inflammation. No significant change in symptoms was noted during administration
      of placebo. In contrast, ursodeoxycholic acid treatment resulted in a profound
      decrease in the intensity and frequency of pain and almost abolished nausea and
      vomiting. During bile acid therapy the proportion of ursodeoxycholic acid in
      gastric bile rose to 50% of total bile acids, whereas cholic and deoxycholic
      acids decreased and chenodeoxycholic acid remained unchanged. The macroscopic and
      microscopic appearance of the gastric mucosa, however, did not change after 1 mo
      of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. These results suggest that increasing the
      proportion of ursodeoxycholic acid in refluxed gastric bile reduces the pain and
      frequency of symptoms associated with bile reflux.

PMID- 4043660
TI  - Natural history of fundic gland polyposis in patients with familial adenomatosis
      coli/Gardner's syndrome.
AB  - In order to study the natural history of fundic gland polyposis, 23 patients with
      familial adenomatosis coli/Gardner's syndrome were examined over a follow-up
      period ranging from 17 mo to 13 yr (average 6 yr). Examinations included gastric
      radiography and endoscopy with biopsy. Fundic gland polyps were found in 10
      individuals. The size and number of polyps varied considerably. During the follow
      up period, there was an increase in number or size of polyps, or both, in 5
      patients (aged 8-27 yr), a decrease or disappearance in 2 patients (aged 36 and
      41 yr), an initial decrease or disappearance followed by a late-occurring
      increase in 2 patients (aged 28 and 35 yr), In addition, malignant or adenomatous
      changes of fundic gland polyps were not observed in any patient. Therefore,
      fundic gland polyposis in patients with familial adenomatosis coli/Gardner's
      syndrome may appear as early as 8 yr of age. In some patients there is a gradual
      increase in number and size of polyps, whereas in others, polyp proliferation
      ceases and polyps may even decrease in number and size. Our findings indicate
      that the fundic gland polyposis does not require prophylactic surgery and that
      careful periodic follow-up should suffice.

PMID- 4043661
TI  - Antibiotic-associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile: double-blind
      comparison of vancomycin with bacitracin.
AB  - A randomized double-blind study was carried out in patients with unresolving
      antibiotic-associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile, to compare the effect
      of bacitracin (80,000 U/day) with vancomycin (500 mg/day) on the resolution of
      symptoms, clearance of organism, and prevention of relapse. Forty-two patients
      with colitis, 9 of whom had a pseudomembrane, were randomized, 21 patients to
      each treatment group. The two groups were comparable in age, disease severity,
      and antibiotic exposure. For a 50% reduction in stool frequency the mean times
      (+/- SE) were 4.1 +/- 0.4 days for bacitracin and 4.2 +/- 0.4 days for
      vancomycin. Sixteen patients (76%) had symptom resolution after 7 days of
      treatment with bacitracin, compared with 18 patients (86%) given vancomycin.
      Patients who failed to respond were crossed over (blind) to the alternative
      antibiotic, but tended to be refractory to the alternative medication as well.
      Vancomycin-treated patients had negative toxin (83% vs. 53%, p = 0.04) and
      negative stool cultures (81% vs. 52%, p = 0.02) more frequently than did those
      patients given bacitracin. Similar numbers of patients in each group had
      symptomatic relapse during 1 mo of follow-up, but most of them relapsed yet again
      after blinded crossover therapy. Although bacitracin was significantly less
      effective than vancomycin in clearing C. difficile from the stools, both were of
      similar value in the control of symptoms in a group of patients with
      predominantly nonpseudomembranous colitis. In view of its low cost, bacitracin is
      a reasonable first-line alternative to vancomycin in the treatment of antibiotic
      associated colitis.

PMID- 4043662
TI  - Evidence for an increased risk of Crohn's disease in oral contraceptive users.
AB  - The risk of Crohn's disease in relation to oral contraceptive use was evaluated
      in a hospital-based, case-control study of 57 women with Crohn's disease and 2189
      controls with other conditions. The relative risk for oral contraceptive users
      compared with women who had never used these drugs was 1.9 (95% confidence
      interval 1.0-3.5). The magnitude of the relative risk estimate was related to the
      timing and duration of oral contraceptive use. For use within the year before
      admission to a hospital (recent use), the relative risk estimate was 4.3 (2.1
      8.7); the estimate dropped to 1.2 (0.5-2.6) 4 yr after discontinuation of oral
      contraceptive use. The relative risk estimate for recent use that lasted greater
      than or equal to 5 yr was 8.0 (3.1-21). The findings are in accordance with
      earlier reports of an increased risk of Crohn's disease in oral contraceptive
      users.

PMID- 4043663
TI  - Effect of magnesium on active and passive sodium transport in the human ileum.
AB  - The effect of 12.5 mM magnesium chloride on sodium transport in the human ileum
      in vivo was investigated using segmental perfusion. Choline chloride was used as
      a control. During perfusion of a balanced electrolyte solution containing
      isotopes of sodium and chloride, magnesium reduced unidirectional flux of sodium
      in both directions across the ileum; magnesium had no statistically significant
      effect on net sodium absorption, on chloride fluxes, or on potential difference.
      When sodium-free test solutions were infused, magnesium (and calcium) reduced net
      sodium secretion compared with choline and potassium. These results suggest that
      magnesium (and calcium) reduce passive sodium movement across ileal mucosa.

PMID- 4043664
TI  - 16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 suppresses the increases in the proliferative
      activity of rat colonic epithelium induced by indomethacin and aspirin.
AB  - Treatment of rats with indomethacin rapidly increased ornithine decarboxylase (4
      h) of colonic mucosa and [3H]thymidine incorporation into colonic mucosal
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (1 or 5 days) when this parameter was examined in
      vivo and ex vivo. The changes in colonic mucosal ornithine decarboxylase and DNA
      synthesis induced by indomethacin were correlated temporally with suppression of
      colonic prostaglandin synthesis, as assessed from ex vivo colonic production of
      prostaglandin E, the dominant prostaglandin product of colon. Autoradiographic
      studies indicated that the enhancement of proliferative activity of colonic
      epithelium after treatment with indomethacin for 1 day was confined to the lower
      third of the colonic crypt (normal proliferative zone). After 5 days of
      indomethacin treatment, however, there was an extension of the proliferative zone
      to the upper third of the colonic crypts. Concurrent treatment of rats with the
      stable prostaglandin E2 analogue, 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2, suppressed
      indomethacin-induced increases in colonic mucosal ornithine decarboxylase and DNA
      synthesis. Concurrent administration of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 also
      prevented the extension of the proliferative zone of colonic epithelium induced
      by 5 days of indomethacin administration. 16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 alone
      for 1-5 days had no detectable effects on colonic mucosal ornithine decarboxylase
      and DNA synthesis compared with corresponding control values. Increases in
      colonic mucosal DNA synthesis were also induced by treatment of rats for 5 days
      with aspirin (ASA). The stimulation of colonic mucosal DNA synthesis induced by
      ASA was significantly suppressed by concurrent administration of 16,16-dimethyl
      prostaglandin E2 and was also correlated with the inhibition of colonic
      prostaglandin synthesis by ASA. The colons of rats treated with indomethacin for
      1 day or ASA for 5 days appeared normal by light microscopy. However, treatment
      of rats for 5 days with indomethacin resulted in mild to moderate inflammation of
      the lamina propria and some goblet cell depletion at the mucosal surface, but no
      loss of surface epithelium. The ultrastructure of the surface epithelium of the
      colons of rats treated with indomethacin or ASA was normal as assessed by
      electron microscopy. The results thus demonstrate that inhibition of local
      colonic prostaglandin synthesis is associated with increases in the proliferative
      activity of colonic epithelium, and that these increases are suppressed by
      administration of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4043665
TI  - Bone loss in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis on maintenance corticosteroid
      therapy.
AB  - To determine the frequency of osteoporosis in patients with autoimmune chronic
      active hepatitis who are maintained on corticosteroids, both cortical and
      trabecular bone loss were studied in a group of 36 patients. A significant
      decrease in both the total trabecular bone volume (p = 0.005) and cortical plate
      thickness (p = 0.01) of iliac crest biopsy specimens was found in the patients
      with chronic active hepatitis. Bone mineral content of the radial metaphysis, a
      site composed of both cortical and trabecular bone, was found to be significantly
      decreased (p = 0.05). However, no statistical reduction in cortical bone mass of
      the radial diaphysis and second metacarpal was detected. Altogether, 47% of
      patients had evidence of either excessive trabecular or cortical bone loss, or
      both, as judged by histologic and radiologic criteria. The presence of cirrhosis
      at the time of diagnosis or subsequently did not appear to lead to greater loss
      of bone mass. However, a weak inverse correlation was found between the product
      of mean dose and duration of corticosteroid therapy and both the trabecular bone
      volume and the cortical plate thickness of the iliac crest biopsy specimens.
      Based on these results, patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis on low
      doses of prednisolone therapy may need to be treated with calcium and vitamin D
      at an early stage of their disease.

PMID- 4043666
TI  - "Forward" and "backward" flow mechanisms of portal hypertension. Relative
      contributions in the rat model of portal vein stenosis.
AB  - The contribution of "forward" and "backward" flow mechanisms to the increased
      portal pressure observed in the rat model of portal vein stenosis was evaluated
      using experimental and theoretical data. The experimental data indicate that
      portal venous inflow, portasystemic shunting, and portal venous pressure are
      increased after 10 days of portal vein stenosis when compared with sham-operated
      controls. Furthermore, portal vascular resistance was 40% higher in portal
      hypertensive animals than in control animals. The elevated portal vascular
      resistance in the rat with portal vein stenosis was attributed to the high
      resistance of the portal venous collaterals. Incorporation of the experimental
      data into a mathematical model that simulated the changes induced by chronic
      portal vein stenosis allowed for fractionation of the "forward" and "backward"
      flow components involved in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension. Model
      predictions indicate that the "forward" and "backward" flow mechanisms account
      for 40% and 60% of the increase in portal pressure, respectively.

PMID- 4043667
TI  - In vitro dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. A study of factors influencing
      rate and a comparison of solvents.
AB  - Models of the common bile duct and gallbladder were constructed to study
      conditions that affect the rate of cholesterol gallstone dissolution by
      monooctanoin and other potential solvents. In the bile duct model, the rate of
      monooctanoin infusion was not an important factor in accelerating dissolution
      time. In contrast, the exclusion of bile from interfering with solvent-stone
      contact or the enhancement of solvent-stone contact by stirring significantly
      accelerated stone dissolution. The combination of both bile exclusion and
      stirring increased the dissolution rate of gallstones by monooctanoin 15-fold.
      When compared with two other ethers and with monooctanoin, methyl tert-butyl
      ether was found to be the most potent gallstone solvent. Methyl tert-butyl ether
      completely dissolved 219-mg cholesterol stones within 60 min. In the gallbladder
      model, in the absence of stirring both methyl tert-butyl ether and monooctanoin
      floated on bile, whereas the gallstones sank resulting in minimal stone-solvent
      contact. To increase the stone-solvent contact, we used a pump to create
      sufficient turbulence to mix the solvent with bile. Pump stirring of monooctanoin
      in the presence of bile achieved rates of stone dissolution approaching that of
      stirred monooctanoin without bile. Stirring of methyl tert-butyl ether and bile,
      however, did not achieve sufficient solvent-stone contact to appreciably
      accelerate dissolution in the presence of 50% bile. Stone-solvent contact was a
      critical factor in determining the rate of gallstone dissolution in both
      gallbladder and common bile duct models. Efforts to enhance contact include bile
      exclusion and intraluminal stirring--both of which are clinically applicable.
      Methyl tert-butyl ether is a potent new cholesterol gallstone solvent with
      excellent potential for use in humans. Even with this potent agent, however,
      rapid gallstone dissolution is likely to require removal of most of the bile from
      the dissolution medium.

PMID- 4043668
TI  - Discordance of hepatitis B e antigen/antibody and hepatitis B virus
      deoxyribonucleic acid in serum. Analysis of 1063 specimens.
AB  - Hepatitis B virus DNA was determined in 1063 serum samples from 252 patients with
      hepatitis B surface antigen by the spot hybridization technique. The results were
      correlated with hepatitis B e antigen and antibody. Hepatitis B virus DNA was
      detected in 87% of hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients, in 18% of hepatitis B
      e antibody-positive patients, and in 18% of those negative for both. Discordance
      of antigen/antibody and hepatitis B virus DNA, i.e., the presence of the DNA in
      antibody-positive sera or the absence of the DNA in antigen-positive sera, was
      observed in 209 of 997 (21%) samples. Of 121 patients with histologic diagnosis,
      this discordance was observed in none of 20 patients with nonspecific changes, in
      13% of 39 with chronic persistent hepatitis, in 21% of 38 with chronic active
      hepatitis, and in 38% of 24 with cirrhosis. Thus, hepatitis B e antigen/antibody
      testing alone failed to predict the presence or absence of circulating hepatitis
      B virion in a significant proportion of patients with advanced chronic liver
      disease.

PMID- 4043670
TI  - Successful endoscopic transection of a partially obstructing antral diaphragm.
AB  - A 14-yr-old girl presented with long-standing symptoms of partial gastric outlet
      obstruction due to an antral mucosal diaphragm that had a central aperture of 4-5
      mm. The literature of this congenital malformation is reviewed with respect to
      diagnostic criteria and feasibility of endoscopic transection. The procedure and
      outcome of this first successful endoscopic transection of a partially
      obstructing antral diaphragm are reported.

PMID- 4043669
TI  - Increased type I procollagen mRNA levels and in vitro protein synthesis in the
      baboon model of chronic alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - We have investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for the histologic
      changes induced by ethanol in the baboon model of alcoholic liver disease. Eleven
      ethanol-fed baboons and their pair-fed controls had histology evaluated and RNA
      extracted from percutaneous liver biopsy specimens. In 6 of the ethanol-fed
      animals, fatty liver developed, but no significant differences were found when
      the RNA from the control and ethanol-fed livers was translated in the
      reticulocyte lysate system or analyzed with specific cDNA probes. Five of the
      baboons given ethanol, however, developed significant fibrosis. Molecular
      evaluation revealed that the RNA from these livers was more active in in vitro
      protein synthesis, and the type I procollagen mRNA content was significantly
      higher per microgram of liver RNA as determined by hybridization analysis (183%
      +/- 23% SEM of control, p less than 0.02). In addition, there were higher levels
      of albumin mRNA content in the livers of ethanol-fed baboons that developed
      fibrosis (180% +/- 21% SEM of control, p less than 0.05). There was no change,
      however, in the levels of beta-actin mRNA, a representative constitutive protein.
      These findings in the baboon model of alcoholic fibrosis show that ethanol
      consumption increases type I procollagen mRNA, which may foster fibrogenesis;
      increases albumin mRNA content without causing an increase in serum albumin; and
      induces no change in levels of beta-actin mRNA. These studies also show that
      percutaneous needle biopsy can supply sufficient tissue to evaluate molecular
      changes in human liver disease.

PMID- 4043671
TI  - Colitis cystica profunda: presenting with complete intestinal obstruction and
      recurrence.
AB  - An unusual case of colitis cystica profunda is described. The patient presented
      with intestinal obstruction due to a polypoid mass in the descending colon, which
      was diagnosed as colitis cystica profunda after the patient underwent colectomy.
      Three other separate lesions were present in the ascending, transverse, and
      sigmoid colon. There was no antecedent or associated colonic disease. The disease
      recurred 1 yr later in the remaining colon and rectum.

PMID- 4043672
TI  - Fecal fat concentration.

PMID- 4043673
TI  - Changes in gastroenterology 1960-1985: lessons from the past and implications for
      the future.

PMID- 4043674
TI  - Lymph and blood capillaries of the human gastric mucosa. A morphologic basis for
      metastasis in early gastric carcinoma.
AB  - The distribution of lymph and blood capillaries has been studied by light and
      transmission electron microscopy in 16 endoscopic and surgical specimens of human
      gastric mucosa and submucosa. Four specimens were completely normal, seven showed
      mild gastritis, and five showed severe gastritis. On light microscopy, no
      definite distinction could be made between small mucosal lymph and blood
      capillaries. The distinction was achieved only by transmission electron
      microscopy where lymph capillaries could be identified by the presence of
      anchoring filaments and the demonstration of open gaps and overlapping
      endothelial cell processes, as well as by the absence of a basement membrane and
      "fenestrations" typical of the endothelial cells of blood capillaries. Although
      large lymph vessels were observed in the submucosa, lymph capillaries were found
      only in the deep lamina propria adjacent to and within the muscularis mucosae.
      The upper and middle levels of the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa contained
      no lymph capillaries. The entire mucosa showed a rich supply of blood
      capillaries, many of which were adjacent to the basal lamina of gastric glands
      and the surface epithelium. These morphologic findings correlate with
      clinicopathologic observations on early gastric cancer. The particularly low
      incidence of lymph node metastases in the subtype of early gastric cancer that
      remains confined to the mucosa may be explained by the rarity of lymph
      capillaries in the mucosa. The high percentage of blood-borne metastases in
      recurrent early gastric cancer may be related to the rich vascularity of gastric
      mucosa.

PMID- 4043675
TI  - Pancreas divisum: congenital anatomic variant or anomaly? Contribution of
      endoscopic retrograde dorsal pancreatography.
AB  - The relationship between pancreas divisum and pancreatic disease has been studied
      in a series of 304 patients. This congenital anatomic variant, consisting of a
      separate pancreatic ductal system, was diagnosed by endoscopic pancreatography
      and dorsal duct opacification was achieved in 97 of these patients. This anatomic
      variation was observed with the same frequency in cases of pancreatitis (acute
      and chronic) (6.9%) and in the series of patients investigated by endoscopic
      pancreatography taken as a whole (5.7%). Moreover, incidences of pancreatic
      disease in patients with and without pancreas divisum were not statistically
      different when compared. These results show that pancreas divisum should not be
      regarded as an etiologic factor in pancreatitis but should be considered as a
      coincidental anatomic variant encountered in nearly 10% of the population. The
      results obtained herein do not support the hypothesis that stenosis of the
      accessory papilla occurs frequently in cases of pancreas divisum. We conclude
      that no further therapy should be systematically proposed for patients with
      pancreas divisum and pancreatitis.

PMID- 4043676
TI  - Anorectal function in elderly patients with fecal impaction.
AB  - Manometric and other investigations were carried out in 55 elderly patients who
      had impacted masses of feces in the rectum upon admission to hospital and in 36
      elderly age- and sex-matched control subjects. Maximum basal and maximum squeeze
      sphincter pressures in the patients were similar to those in the elderly
      controls. Most elderly patients in the impacted group and all control subjects
      were able to pass a 50-ml balloon from the rectum, although a lower proportion of
      patients, admitted with impaction, could expel a small solid sphere. In patients
      the rectum had to be distended with larger volumes than in controls before the
      presence of the rectal balloon, pain, and the desire to defecate were perceived
      and before rectal contractions were generated. Rectal pressures, recorded during
      rectal distention, were lower in the impacted group than in the control group.
      Finally, anal and perianal sensation was impaired in patients with fecal
      impaction. These findings are similar to those described in patients with low
      spinal cord injuries.

PMID- 4043677
TI  - Damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature in chronic
      constipation.
AB  - Constipation and defecation straining have been implicated in the pathogenesis of
      anorectal incontinence. We have studied 24 women with chronic constipation and 20
      age- and parity-matched control subjects. Electrophysiologic techniques were used
      to study the innervations of the puborectalis and external anal sphincter
      muscles. The results show that damage can occur to the nerve supply of both these
      muscles in chronic constipation, and that this probably is due to perineal
      descent during defecation straining.

PMID- 4043678
TI  - Studies of the antidiarrheal action of clonidine. Effects on motility and
      intestinal absorption.
AB  - Clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, has been reported to stimulate the rate
      of electrolyte absorption in vitro, to alter intestinal motility in vivo, and to
      have antidiarrheal effects in animals. Experiments were performed in 8 healthy
      volunteers in order to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of clonidine in humans.
      When diarrhea was induced by intragastric infusion of 2700 ml of balanced
      electrolyte solution over 90 min, oral administration of 0.3 mg of clonidine
      reduced the volume of rectal effluent by 48% (from 1233 +/- 62 to 640 +/- 77 ml,
      p less than 0.001), a clear-cut antidiarrheal effect. Clonidine increased total
      gut volume significantly (from 987 +/- 91 to 1830 +/- 142 ml, p less than 0.001),
      suggesting that clonidine exerted its antidiarrheal effect by altering gut
      motility, i.e., increasing the capacity of the gut and slowing the transit of
      fluid through the intestine. In other experiments, the net absorption rate of the
      whole gut during steady state total gut perfusion was measured. The rate of
      absorption of fluid was transiently stimulated by clonidine by 15% (from 696 +/-
      77 to 799 +/- 55 ml/h, p less than 0.02), indicating an additional effect on
      mucosal cell function. These studies indicate that in this experimental diarrhea
      model, clonidine has antidiarrheal properties that are due largely to effects on
      motility of the gut but that clonidine also modestly stimulates the net rate of
      absorption by intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 4043679
TI  - Effect of central sympathectomy on gastric and small intestinal myoelectric
      activity and plasma motilin concentrations in the dog.
AB  - Using a canine model, we studied fed and fasting gastric and small intestinal
      myoelectric activity and plasma motilin concentrations before and after
      transection of the spinal cord between the second and third thoracic segments. In
      sham-operated dogs, migrating complexes returned to normal by the second day
      after operation. Immediately after spinal cord transection, migrating complexes
      cycled in jejunum and ileum but not in the stomach and duodenum. After 11 and 15
      days, migrating complexes returned to the duodenum and stomach, respectively.
      Plasma motilin concentrations did not cycle in animals without duodenal migrating
      complexes but returned to a normal cyclical pattern when duodenal migrating
      complexes returned. Feeding interrupted migrating complexes after cord
      transection and sham operation. The data observed in animals after 15 days
      suggest that myoelectric activity in fasted dogs and conversion of the fasted to
      the fed state of myoelectric activity are not under the control of supraspinal,
      sympathetic pathways.

PMID- 4043681
TI  - Presidential address 1985. The A/S/G/E--problems, progress, and promise.

PMID- 4043680
TI  - Gastrointestinal transit time in human pregnancy: prolongation in the second and
      third trimesters followed by postpartum normalization.
AB  - Fifty-nine studies of gastrointestinal transit time were performed in 27 healthy
      women during pregnancy and postpartum. Gastrointestinal transit time was defined
      as the time of the first sustained rise in breath hydrogen concentration after
      ingestion of 10 g of lactulose. Gastrointestinal transit time was significantly
      prolonged in both the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (125 +/- 48 min
      and 137 +/- 58 min, respectively) when compared with either the first trimester
      of pregnancy or the postpartum period (99 +/- 39 min and 75 +/- 33 min,
      respectively). Transit times measured in the first trimester were not
      significantly different from those postpartum. Because the prolongation of
      transit time in late pregnancy is transient, it is probably due to hormones
      (perhaps progesterone) or other metabolic effects of pregnancy.

PMID- 4043682
TI  - Short (35-cm) versus long (60-cm) flexible sigmoidoscopy: a comparison of
      findings and tolerance in asymptomatic patients screened for colorectal
      neoplasia.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the utility of the 35-cm versus the 60
      cm flexible sigmoidoscope in screening asymptomatic patients for colorectal
      neoplasia. Two hundred fifty-eight patients 45 years of age or older were
      examined in a randomized fashion with both the 35-cm and 60-cm instruments.
      Fifteen percent (39/258) of patients had a total of 50 polypoid lesions 3 mm or
      greater in diameter (including one carcinoma). Of all polypoid lesions, 76% were
      detected with the 35-cm instrument compared to 98% with the 60-cm sigmoidoscope.
      Eighty-four percent of all polyps occurred within the distal 35 cm of colon. The
      mean time required to complete the examination was significantly less with the 35
      cm sigmoidoscope than with the 60-cm sigmoidoscope (2.5 vs. 5.7 min). Moderate to
      severe discomfort was experienced by 69% of patients with the 60-cm instrument
      compared to only 29% with the 35-cm sigmoidoscope. Seventy-two percent of
      patients preferred examination with the shorter instrument compared with 7% for
      the longer sigmoidoscope, while 21% of patients expressed no preference. The 35
      cm flexible sigmoidoscope fulfills many criteria of an effective screening test
      for colorectal neoplasia including rapidity of examination, safety, good
      sensitivity, and excellent patient acceptance.

PMID- 4043683
TI  - Training for flexible sigmoidoscopy.
AB  - Three hundred twenty-six participants of five 1-day continuing medical education
      courses on flexible sigmoidoscopy were surveyed to determine their use of lower
      intestinal endoscopes and to identify how well the education trained them to use
      the flexible sigmoidoscope. The number of participants using a flexible
      sigmoidoscope and/or colonoscope increased after the course. About one half of
      the respondents went from no use of the flexible sigmoidoscope to using it. About
      one fifth of the respondents were not using a flexible sigmoidoscope after the
      course for various reasons. Most respondents used more than one instrument after
      the course, with the combination of the 60-cm flexible sigmoidoscope and the
      rigid sigmoidoscope being most popular. The overwhelming majority found the
      flexible sigmoidoscope to be either very easy to use or reasonably easy to use.
      Only one complication was reported. Most of the respondents had attended only
      this 1-day course, but one third had taken either other courses or had been
      supervised for several procedures.

PMID- 4043684
TI  - Nodular duodenitis in chronic maintenance hemodialysis patients.
AB  - A retrospective study of 138 cases of chronic hemodialysis between 1977 and 1982
      were reviewed for endoscopic, radiographic, and histologic characteristics of
      duodenitis. Forty patients underwent upper gastrointestinal barium x-rays; 13
      were found to have multiple duodenal bulb nodules and three of these patients had
      very prominent duodenal bulb folds. There were 42 patients on whom upper
      panendoscopy was performed, and multiple duodenal nodules were seen in 15
      patients and thickened folds in three patients. There were five patients in whom
      nodules were seen only on endoscopy. The size of the nodules varied between 3 and
      8 mm in diameter and mucosal folds between 4 and 8 mm. Duodenal mucosal
      hyperplasia with chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate was found on biopsy of the
      nodules in 12 cases, while three cases with nodules revealed blunted villous
      structure with chronic inflammatory cells.

PMID- 4043685
TI  - Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts.
AB  - Enlarging pancreatic pseudocysts, as well as those that develop complications
      such as bleeding, leak, infection, and intestinal or biliary obstruction, require
      treatment. This treatment is usually surgical and consists of internal or
      external drainage or, less commonly, excision. Transcutaneous aspiration with or
      without drain placement has also been reported. We describe four cases of
      endoscopic cystogastrostomy and cystoduodenostomy undertaken in high risk
      patients who had either failed previous surgery (two) or were initially refused
      surgery because of prohibitive operative risk (two). Technique, limitations, and
      potential use of this procedure are discussed.

PMID- 4043686
TI  - Multiquadrant precut papillotomy for extraction of large impacted common bile
      duct stone.

PMID- 4043687
TI  - ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with situs inversus.

PMID- 4043688
TI  - The use of dual percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (DPEG) in the management of
      chronic intermittent gastric volvulus.

PMID- 4043689
TI  - Hydrostatic dilation of upper gastrointestinal strictures with endoscopic
      control.

PMID- 4043690
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy--longer may not be better for the
      "nonendoscopist".

PMID- 4043691
TI  - The systemic complications of sclerotherapy of esophageal varices.

PMID- 4043692
TI  - A method for maintaining patency of an intracholedochal stent.

PMID- 4043693
TI  - Pancreas divisum may be only coincidental.

PMID- 4043694
TI  - Retrieval of two intragastric rings by a novel approach.

PMID- 4043696
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

PMID- 4043695
TI  - The double papilla of Vater.

PMID- 4043697
TI  - Removal of bezoars from stomach using an endoscopic drill.

PMID- 4043698
TI  - Changes of AChE activity in the nerves of pig ovaries in different periods of
      pregnancy.
AB  - The paper presents a description of morphologic features of AChE-positive nerves,
      and changes taking place in AChE activity in pig ovaries during different stages
      of pregnancy. 36 sows, pregnant for the first time, were used in the studies. The
      animals were divided into 5 groups: Group I embraced sows on 14th d of pregnancy
      (n = 7), group II: on 20th d (n = 6), group III: on 30th d (n = 7), group IV: on
      60th d (n = 8), and group V on 90th d of pregnancy (n = 8). The animals were
      slaughtered and bled. Left-side ovaries were taken for histochemical studies, and
      right-side ones for biochemical analyses. AChE-positive nerves in the ovaries
      were discovered taking advantage of the method by KARNOVSKY and ROOTS. AChE
      activity was determined according to RUCKENBUSH and RUCKENBUSH after
      homogenization of whole ovaries. It was found that: Morphological picture of the
      AChE-positive nerves differed in particular stages of pregnancy, this being
      reflected--among others--in the presence of characteristic, "bead-like" nerve
      fibres in later period of pregnancy (on 30th, 60th, and 90th d); The highest
      activity of AChE was recorded on 20th and 30th d of pregnancy, the lowest on 13th
      d.

PMID- 4043699
TI  - [Interpretation of the organization of the aortic arch in the Dibamus (Reptilia,
      Squamates) using findings obtained from various groups of Squamates
      serpentiformes].
AB  - The comparative study of the aortic trunks of Dibamus (subterranean limbless
      Squamate) and of the other Squamata shows the presence of an original vascular
      organization in the serpentiform animals submitted to the subterranean life
      constraints as Scolecophidia, Amphisbaenia, Dibamidae, Anniellidae, Feyliniidae,
      and some Scincidae (genus Acontias and Typhlosaurus). Nevertheless, the
      morphology of the systemic and carotidian trunks supplies only few informations
      on the phylogenetical status of Dibamus.

PMID- 4043700
TI  - Studies on orthocephalization. 8. Behaviour of the visceral part of the rat head
      in the period between 7 and 60 days after gestation.
AB  - The present paper considers the significance of interosseous flexions of the
      palatal complex in the process of orthocephalization of the rat skull between 7
      and 60 d after birth. The study is based on a sample of 25 female rats who have
      been X-rayed at 7, 14, 30, and 60 d with subsequent analysis of the photographs
      obtained. During this period the constituents of the bony palate, i.e. the
      palatine bone, the palatal process of maxilla and the palatal part of premaxilla
      grow steadily but with decreasing rate of increase with age. The premaxilla grows
      the most, while the palatal bone grows the least. The angle between the cranial
      base and the palatal plane decreases, i.e. the rat skull becomes more
      orthocranial with age. At the same time, the palate becomes more orthopalatal,
      primarily by an increase in the angle between the palatine bone and maxilla. As
      the angle between the cranial base and the palatine bone after 14 d increases,
      i.e. rotates in the opposite direction of the palatal plane, it may be concluded
      that the process of orthocephalization in this period is caused by the deflexion
      of the angle between the palatine bone and maxilla, while it before 14 d is
      caused by a combination of an interosseous deflexion in the palate and an upwards
      rotation of the palatine bone relative to the cranial base.

PMID- 4043701
TI  - Studies on the participation of tunica albuginea and rete testis (TA and RT) in
      the quantitative structure of human testis.
AB  - In 309 testes, the % proportion of the tunica albuginea (TA) and rete testis (RT)
      was determined in the quantitative composition of the testis. The weight of the
      testis ranged widely from 3.0 to 34.5 g, mean weight 14.67 +/- 6.0 g, with a
      statistically non-significant difference in favour of the right testis (15.3 +/-
      6.32 g). The mean weight of the testes decreased with age, being 16.77 g in young
      men, 14.98 g in middle-aged men, and 13.6 g in old men. The absolute weight of TA
      and RT ranged from 1.0 to 12.0 g, being on the average 3.57 +/- 1.42 g. Similarly
      as the mean weight of the testis, that of TA and RT was not significantly
      different between the right and left testis, and between various age groups. On
      the other hand, a significant rise was observed in the % proportion of the mass
      of TA and RT in the total mass of the testis in various age groups. In young men,
      this proportion was 20.36%, in middle-aged men 24.28%, and in old men 28.83%.
      Statistically significant differences appeared between the mean values in the
      youngest and oldest age groups and the oldest and middle age groups. In the whole
      material, the % proportion of TA and RT in the quantitative composition of the
      testis ranged from 13.6 to 75.0%, being 25.7 +/- 8.1% on the average. Identical
      results were obtained by 2 different methods in men dying between 17 and 91 a of
      age, and the mean age of them was 58.2 a.

PMID- 4043702
TI  - [The development of the clavicle in man].
AB  - The development of the human clavicle was studied in 50 to 60 d old human
      embryos. Our findings are summarized as follows: The whole clavicle develops from
      a cartilaginous anlage. In the middle part of the clavicle, an osseus cuff
      develops very early by the ossification in the perichondrium. In the lumen of
      this cuff, a cartilaginous cork persists which is resorbed and replaced by bone
      and marrow later than in other bones. It is possible that cartilaginous nests may
      persist in the middle part of the clavicle. In both extremities of the clavicle,
      the normal enchondral ossification exists as it is described in other anlages. It
      is difficult to explicate the syndrome of the cleido-facial and cleido-cranial
      dysostoses only as disturbances of the endesmal ossification.

PMID- 4043703
TI  - [Procedures of local approximation for nonparametric estimation of unknown
      continuous functions from given measurements].
AB  - There exists a lot of literature about the nonparametric estimation of unknown
      continuous functions from measured values. Many formulas of different shape were
      discussed. In this paper, we show that a great part of those formulas may be
      developed by using a uniformly mathematical principle which we name the local
      approximation by the least squares method. The knowledge of the principle enables
      one to develop new estimating formulas with special properties. The LOKONREG-,
      LOLINREG- and LOQUAREG-estimation are compared with each other by means of two
      biometric examples.

PMID- 4043704
TI  - [The effect of low blood pressure on venous function during and outside of
      pregnancy and therapeutic consequences].
AB  - Orthostatic dysregulations occur ten times more frequently in gravidae with low
      blood pressure than in those in whom it is normal. This condition can result in a
      temporarily insufficient blood supply to the uterus and hence to the foetus. As a
      consequence, abortions, premature and abnormal births, and complications during
      labour and lying-in occur more frequently among hypotonic women.
      Pathophysiologically, orthostatic dysregulations are caused by large quantities
      of blood remaining in the peripheral veins. In this connection it is well known
      that the hormonal change-over during pregnancy reduces venous tone, thus causing
      venous return to the heart to deteriorate. It has not yet been investigated
      whether or respectively how low blood pressure in pregnant and non-pregnant women
      affects venous hemodynamics and what effect treatment with dihydroergotamine
      (DHE) has. In order to answer these questions the authors performed 240 venous
      function measurements in a total of 140 pregnant and non-pregnant, hypotonic and
      normotonic women. Using a simple, non-invasive photoplethysmographic method,
      light reflection rheography (LRR), a check was first made as to whether there are
      differences in venous pumping in non-pregnant hypotonic as opposed to normotonic
      women. In 20 normotonic subjects the delta R mean value for venous drainage was
      165 mV, while in 20 hypotonic women it was only 114 mV (p less than 0.001).
      While, on the basis of a corresponding classification, all of the normotonic
      women were classified as having normal veins or merely slight venous
      insufficiency, 14 hypotonic women were found to have moderately severe or severe
      venous insufficiency (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043705
TI  - [Significance of trial vacuum extraction in the framework of obstetric surgery in
      vertex presentation].
AB  - On the basis of a clinical study of 76 infants born by trial vacuum extraction
      from the pelvic inlet, 57 infants were examined retrospectively with regard to
      early and late morbidity after "successful" trial vacuum extraction. In 34 cases
      surgery was indicated because of fetal distress; in 23 children the operation was
      performed because of a standstill at the pelvic inlet. The results were compared
      with a group of infants delivered by vacuum and forceps extraction from the
      centre of the pelvis (or the pelvic floor) or cesarean section in consequence of
      fetal distress. The results indicate the high risk for children born by trial
      vacuum extraction, especially in cases of fetal distress. In addition to
      statistically significant lower Apgar scores and a statistically significant
      higher acidosis morbidity (p less than 0.05) as compared to other obstetric
      operations, there is also a statistically significant greater number of
      "striking" and "injured" children as opposed to those delivered by vacuum or
      forceps extraction from the centre of the pelvis (or the pelvic floor) or by
      cesarean section in consequence of fetal distress. These neurological deviations
      represent primarily the static-motoric and speech development, and are analogous
      to late morbidity after births from breech presentation. The findings confirm the
      clinical impression that trial vacuum extraction-especially in cases of fetal
      distress at the pelvic inlet-represent an additional risk to the child. In such
      cases cesarean section is the only alternative method of delivery.

PMID- 4043706
TI  - [Pattern changes in the framework of cesarean sections in 1980/83 as compared to
      1974/76 in the University Women's Clinic in Jena].
AB  - In a comparative study on Caesarean section problems-based on investigations from
      1974/76 and 1980/83-conducted at the Gynaecological and Obstetrical Hospital of
      Jena University, changes are apparent in the indication for Caesarean section and
      in maternal morbidity. The evident decrease in statistically uncorrected
      perinatal mortality as well as in uncorrected intra-and postnatal mortality
      during this period (difference statistically significant at p less than 0.05) was
      not due to a further increase in Caesarean sections from 8.23% (period 1974/76)
      to 9.27% (period 1980/83), but to other factors (improved medical care for
      pregnant women and improved neonatal check-up). In comparison with uncorrected
      intra-and postnatal mortality, perinatal Caesarean section lethality even showed
      a 2,46-fold relative increase. As late morbidity among high-risk children related
      to the immediate stage of labour is still poorly understood, "extended"
      indication for Caesarean section is maintained-in spite of high infection
      morbidity among mothers. General perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for these
      women is recommended because of the statistically significant poor situation of
      secondary Caesarean sections as far as maternal morbidity is concerned.

PMID- 4043707
TI  - [Rh-incompatibility acidosis in newborn infants following intrauterine
      transfusion].
AB  - Severe foetal Rh erythroblastosis is treated by intrauterine transfusion, in most
      cases with ACD adenine erythrocyte concentrates. In two cases where delivery took
      place shortly after the last intrauterine transfusion, metabolic acidosis
      developed post partum, which could possibly be attributed to the erythrocyte
      concentrates in the transfusion. Multiple pH level measurements in the ACD
      adenine erythrocyte concentrates revealed pH levels between 6.4 and 6.8.
      Erythrocyte concentrates prepared with heparin showed pH levels between 7.18 and
      7.25 and should therefore be used for intrauterine transfusion in place of ACD
      adenine erythrocyte concentrates.

PMID- 4043708
TI  - [In vitro test for the radioimmunological demonstration of the adsorption of
      maternal antibodies to placental basal membrane collagen].
AB  - Polystyrene tubes were activated by adsorption of placental basement collagen
      (Type IV collagen). Binding of maternal immunoglobulin from serum samples to
      immobilized collagen was detected with 125I-labeled Antihuman IgG. An almost
      complete loss of binding resulted by adding solubilized Type IV collagen to the
      serum or pretreating the coated tubes with highly purified collagenase as well as
      using uncoated tubes. A high adsorption rate of IgG to Type IV collagen (2029 +/-
      388 cpm) was detected in patients with moderate to severe gestosis (n = 16)
      (index greater than or equal to 4). 925 +/- 192 cpm were measured in mild
      gestosis (n = 13). Only 315 +/- 24 cpm could be detected in samples of a healthy
      control group (n = 17). A correlation was found between the index of gestosis and
      adsorption of maternal IgG to Type IV collagen (r = 0,823). It is concluded that
      the concentration and adsorption of immunoglobulins binding to basement membrane
      collagen is related to the severity of the disease and may play an important role
      in the development of symptoms of gestosis.

PMID- 4043709
TI  - [Fertility following function-preserving surgery in tubal pregnancy].
AB  - In the last few years an obvious trend toward conservative technique in tubal
      surgery is observed. Likewise, at our institution, emphasis was placed on
      preservation of function, too. 59 patients received conservative surgery of tubal
      pregnancies between 1979 to 1982. 7 women were lost for follow-up. 28 patients
      showed further desire for child-bearing. 20 of them have had a subsequent
      intrauterine conception (71.4%), 11 women have had term pregnancies (39.3%). 3
      patients were pregnant at time of investigation. The abortion rate was 17.8%.
      Recurrent ectopic pregnancies were found in 5 cases (9.5%). However, the operated
      fallopian tube was involved only in 3 cases (5.7%). In 26 cases the patency of
      the tubal lumen was examined by means of hysterosalpingography. 50% of those
      women had remained childless. The results of HSG showed a patent passage of the
      operated tube in 11 cases. Our results show a high rate of subsequent pregnancies
      and a rather low incidence of repeat ectopic pregnancies in cases of conservative
      surgery and justify our decision to save the involved tube whenever fertility is
      desired.

PMID- 4043710
TI  - [Urodynamic results before and after physiotherapy of women with stress
      incontinence].
AB  - With reference to the urodynamic results in 21 women with mild stress
      incontinence who underwent conservative treatment with pelvic floor exercises
      over a period of three to six months prior to possible surgery, the author
      comments on the value of this therapy. At the time of follow-up examination 11 of
      the women were so satisfied with the regression of their complaints that surgery
      was unnecessary. Only two patients reported no change in their symptoms after
      treatment. It may be possible to use the parameters of urethrocystometry as an
      objective criterion of success; however, these are not statistically significant;
      they merely indicate a tendency to improvement. The results are discussed
      together with information given in the literature.

PMID- 4043711
TI  - [Preoperative cervix dilatation in 1st trimester pregnancy interruption using 9
      deoxy-16, 16-dimethyl-9-methylene prostaglandin E2. A randomized double-blind
      study].
AB  - In the double-blind study reported here the authors were able to confirm the time
      and dose-related effect of dilatation of the cervix by means of the new
      prostaglandin-E2 derivative (9-deoxo-16, 16-dimethyl-9-methylene-PG-E2-potassium
      salt) as compared to placebo. In spite of the short preoperative duration of
      action of three hours it was observed that half of the patients treated with the
      prostaglandin derivative vomited once or several times. The authors therefore
      consider that administration of the prostaglandin vaginal suppository is only
      justified in cases with a high risk of cervical injury, and in primiparae
      undergoing termination under local anesthesia. In 38 patients termination was
      performed by means of direct cervicomyometrial analgesia. With one exception they
      approved of chemical dilatation of the cervix in spite of the side-effects,
      assuming that it would result in less intraoperative pain.

PMID- 4043712
TI  - [Extraoral manifestation of a white sponge nevus of the mucosa].
AB  - The nevus spongiosus albus mucosae (resp. white sponge nevus in the angloamerican
      literature) is a hereditary leukokeratosis localised preferably in the oral
      mucosa, but may simultaneously manifest itself in other regions, e.g. perianally.
      We report the case of a 18-year old patient with a primarily and exclusively
      extraorally located nevus spongiosus albus mucosae of the vulva. The differential
      diagnosis and clinical as well as therapeutical problems of this extremely rare
      disease are discussed.

PMID- 4043713
TI  - Ethanol potentiation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity: possible role for
      the in vivo inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase.
AB  - A potentiation of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was observed in rats pretreated
      with ethanol 18 hr prior to CCl4 exposure. Hepatic microsomal aldehyde
      dehydrogenase (ALDH) was significantly inhibited in animals sacrificed 1 hr
      following the sequential exposure, however, no more so than in those animals
      receiving CCl4 alone. The animals receiving ethanol alone had ALDH activity
      similar to vehicle treated controls. Twenty-four hours following a potentiating
      dose of ethanol and CCl4 an 81 and 57% decline in NAD+-dependent microsomal and
      mitochondrial ALDH activity was observed, respectively. Similar results were
      observed for microsomal and mitochondrial NADP+-dependent ALDH activity. The
      decline in membrane-bound ALDH was greater in potentiated animals than in those
      receiving CCl4 alone. A relatively smaller decline in cytosolic ALDH activity was
      observed in CCl4 treated rats with or without ethanol pre-exposure. The data
      suggest that inhibition of membrane bound ALDH may be one of the major mechanisms
      of in vivo potentiation of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by ethanol.

PMID- 4043714
TI  - Resolution of multiple P-450 forms: separation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
      and aminopyrine N-demethylase-associated P-450 isoenzymes by chromatofocusing.
AB  - Chromatofocusing between pH 7.4 and 5.0 was introduced as a final step for the
      resolution of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 from control, phenobarbital and
      3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rat liver microsomal fractions. Altogether,
      chromatofocusing produced 21 P-450-containing pools, which differed from each
      other with respect to substrate specificity, spectral maximum and elution pH.
      Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH) activity was concentrated
      into low pI pools in all animal groups. 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD)
      activity comigrated with AHH activity throughout the purification procedure.
      Aminopyrine N-demethylase (APND) activity was spread into several pools with
      forms of both low and high pI proteins.

PMID- 4043715
TI  - Examination of the bronchoconstrictor response of guinea-pig isolated lung to
      beta-phenylethylamine.
AB  - beta-Phenylethylamine (PEA) produced a contraction of the guinea-pig isolated
      lung parenchymal strip and bronchoconstriction of perfused lungs. Reserpine
      pretreatment had little effect on these responses indicating a substantial direct
      effect. Phentolamine (10(-6) and 10(-5) M) had minimal effect on PEA in the lung
      strip compared with that on noradrenaline, eliminating involvement of alpha
      adrenoceptors. PEA was unaffected by atropine (10(-7)M) or a mepyramine (10(
      7)M); metiamide (10(-4)M) mixture. The contraction was not therefore mediated via
      muscarinic or histaminergic receptors. 5-HT and dopamine receptors were also
      discounted. Possible stimulation of a phenylethylaminergic receptor and its
      relevance to bronchial asthma is discussed.

PMID- 4043716
TI  - Gastrointestinal effects of the extracts of Rhigiocarya racemifera
      (Menispermaceae).
AB  - The gastrointestinal effects of the aqueous extract of Rhigiocarya racemifera was
      studied in rats and was compared with that of cimetidine. Ulcers were induced in
      rats by means of drugs: indomethacin, reserpine and serotonin and by shay rats.
      The extract was found to have significant (P less than 0.05) antiulcer activity
      against all the models studied. The LD50 was found to be 141.25 mg/kg body weight
      and ED50 16.5 mg/kg. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of glycosides,
      saponins, and tanins. The extract does not show antimicrobial effects.

PMID- 4043717
TI  - Influence of phenoxybenzamine on the stereotyped behaviour induced by
      fencamfamine in rats: evidence for a qualitative alteration.
AB  - The interactions between norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) systems in
      mediating stereotyped behaviour induced by different doses of fencamfamine (1-30
      mg/kg) were studied in male rats. Pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine (5.0 mg/kg)
      resulted in a significant leftward shift of the control curve for stereotypy. The
      qualitative analysis of the stereotyped behaviour parameters when compared to
      controls showed: higher rearing frequency at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg; lower locomotor
      activity at a dose of 6.0 mg/kg; higher licking and gnawing frequencies at a dose
      of 10.0 mg/kg. These findings indicate that the role of DA systems on the
      stereotyped behaviour induced by fencamfamine is dependent on the degree of NE
      transmission in the CNS.

PMID- 4043718
TI  - Differential biochemical and behavioral effects of single and chronic
      administration of amphetamine and apomorphine.
AB  - The single and repeated effects of apomorphine (AP) and amphetamine (AM)
      administrations were compared on rearing behaviour in an open field (RF) and on
      rearing stereotyped behaviour (RSB). Single AP treatment did not modify RSB while
      decreased the ability of low doses of AP to inhibit RF. Opposite data were
      observed after AM single administration. Repeated treatment with both drugs
      reduced the inhibitory effects of AP low doses on open field behaviour. The AP
      repeated administration enhanced the dihydroxyphenilacetic (DOPAC) and
      homovanilic acid (HVA) striatal levels while the same AM treatment was unable to
      affect the dopamine (DA) metabolites levels. Taken together, our results support
      the view that behavioural changes observed after AP single and repeated treatment
      are a result of DA autoreceptors subsensitivity. Nevertheless, the behavioural
      changes detected after AM treatments are probably related to mechanisms other
      than the development of DA autoreceptors subsensitivity.

PMID- 4043719
TI  - The effects of 11-ketotestosterone and testosterone on the skin structure of
      brown trout, Salmo trutta L.
AB  - 11-Ketotestosterone and testosterone were administered by intraperitoneal
      implants to immature brown trout. Physiological levels of circulating androgens
      were maintained over a period of 4 months and this resulted in changes in skin
      structure which resembled those occurring in maturing male brown trout. 11
      Ketotestosterone promoted both epidermal and dermal thickening, and markedly
      reduced the number of superficial goblet cells, whereas testosterone stimulated
      only epidermal thickening. The relative roles of these two androgens in the
      normal maturational processes of brown trout are discussed.

PMID- 4043720
TI  - Retinal modulation of the hypothalamic sensitivity to testosterone feedback in
      photoperiodism of quail.
AB  - This experiment was performed on two groups of male Japanese quail. One had been
      maintained in our laboratory as a closed colony (S-group), and the other had been
      obtained from a commercial source (R-group). Different responses of gonadal
      function were found between two groups following either testosterone treatment or
      exposure to short days. Immature birds of these groups responded to long days
      with rapid gonadal growth, but after sexual maturity, exposure to short days for
      3 weeks induced testicular atrophy only in S-group. Involvement of the feedback
      effect of androgen in the photoperiodic response was then examined. Under long
      day conditions, intraperitoneal placement of testosterone propionate (TP)-filled
      Silastic tube for 2 weeks decreased testicular weights in S-group but not in R
      group. Apparently, sensitivity to short days is closely correlated with
      sensitivity to testosterone in the adult male. By bilateral enucleation, quail of
      S-group became less sensitive to both gonad inhibitory effect of short days and
      the negative feedback effect of TP. These results suggest that the photoperiodic
      mechanisms that are primarily mediated by the retinal system play a role in
      altering sensitivity to steroid feedback at the hypothalamus.

PMID- 4043721
TI  - Serum progesterone, estradiol-17 beta, and glucocorticoids in the collared
      peccary during gestation and lactation as influenced by dietary protein and
      energy.
AB  - Sixteen pregnant collared peccaries were assigned to four experimental diets
      representing two levels of crude protein and two levels of digestible energy.
      Serum levels of progesterone, estradiol-17 beta (E2), and glucocorticoids were
      measured by radioimmunoassay. There was no significant dietary effect (P greater
      than 0.05) associated with any hormone during gestation. Progesterone did not
      differ between days 11 and 140 of gestation (X +/- SE = 36.48 +/- 1.11 ng/ml, N =
      72), began to decline during the last week prepartum, and continued to decline
      within 24 hr of birth. Glucocorticoid concentrations remained level throughout
      gestation (X +/- SE = 6.57 +/- 0.45 microgram/dl, N = 74). E2 levels were low
      during the first 90 days of gestation, rose significantly (P less than 0.001)
      from 10.11 +/- 1.73 pg/ml (X +/- SE, N = 8) at Days 81-90 gestation to 49.07 +/-
      12.87 pg/ml (N = 3) at 2-4 days prepartum (Days 141-147 of gestation), and
      declined rapidly to baseline levels within 24 hr of farrowing. Litter size had no
      effect on progesterone or E2 concentrations. There was no significant dietary
      effect on litter size or gestation length. During lactation, glucocorticoids and
      E2 remained stable and did not differ by diet, while progesterone concentrations
      appeared to be affected by diet. Individuals on the high energy-high protein diet
      returned to normal ovarian function before animals on the other three diets.
      Results indicated that the pregnant collared peccary can maintain a reproductive
      steroid environment that allows for fetal development in the face of moderate
      caloric or protein restriction and that the lactating peccary can undergo a
      postpartum ovulation in the presence of good nutrition.

PMID- 4043723
TI  - Avian renal responses to oxidized and nonoxidized bPTH(1-34).
AB  - The hypotensive, hypercalcemic, and hyperphosphaturic responses to bovine
      synthetic 1-34 amino acid parathyroid hormone [bPTH(1-34)] were simultaneously
      evaluated in anesthetized laying hens, and compared to the same responses to
      oxidized (0.3% hydrogen peroxide) bPTH(1-34) prepared from the same commercial
      batch of hormone. The oxidized and nonoxidized hormones were administered
      intravenously into separate groups of animals, which were also receiving a
      constant intravenous infusion of inulin and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) to serve
      as renal clearance test markers. bPTH(1-34) caused a 33.25 +/- 7.05 mm Hg
      decrease in mean arterial blood pressure. The corresponding change in response to
      the oxidized hormone preparation was a 10.75 +/- 1.49 mm Hg decrease, a
      significant reduction in hypotensive activity compared to the intact hormone. In
      contrast, oxidation had no influence on the hypercalcemic or hyperphosphaturic
      (relative clearance of phosphate, CPO4/CIn) responses to bPTH(1-34), both
      preparations causing significant and parallel increases in these variables. Both
      hormone preparations also caused increases in urine flow rate, GFR, CPAH,
      CCa/CIn, CK/CIn, CNa/CIn, and urine pH. However, on the basis of percentage
      change from the respective control periods, only CNa/CIn and urine pH showed
      significant differences between the two hormone preparations, with the intact
      hormone causing greater natriuresis and urine alkalinization than the oxidized
      hormone. The failure of peroxide oxidation to significantly affect the renal
      hyperphosphaturic response to bPTH(1-34) in chickens contrasts with results
      reported on mammalian species, and may be related to differences in the mechanism
      of renal phosphate transport between these groups.

PMID- 4043722
TI  - Renal and cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II in the rainbow trout, Salmo
      gairdneri.
AB  - The renal and cardiovascular effects of an intravenous infusion of angiotensin II
      in the freshwater anaesthetised rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, have been
      reappraised, without the infusion of noradrenaline. In these fish the previously
      reported antidiuretic response to angiotensin II was not maintained although a
      systemic pressor response persisted and the tubular transport maximum for glucose
      remained depressed. The data suggest that angiotensin has an intrarenal action
      which may play a role in renal adaptation to increased environmental salinities.

PMID- 4043724
TI  - The influence of acute or repeated immobilization on plasma prolactin levels in
      the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of immobilization on
      plasma prolactin (PRL) levels in the immature turkey. Acute immobilization for
      120 min resulted in elevated PRL levels (P less than 0.05) starting 15 min after
      the onset of immobilization. Release from immobilization caused PRL levels to
      return to those of the nonimmobilized controls by 120-180 min following
      replacement of the turkeys in cages. Repeated immobilization for 3 or 5
      consecutive days diminished PRL response (P less than 0.05) to subsequent
      immobilization. It is suggested that the PRL controlling mechanism(s) of the
      young turkey is both susceptible and able to habituate to changes induced by
      immobilization stress.

PMID- 4043725
TI  - Circadian control of a daily rhythm in hemolymph ecdysteroid titer in the insect
      Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera).
AB  - The hemolymph levels of the insect molting hormone (ecdysteroid) during the week
      preceding ecdysis in fifth-instar male Rhodnius prolixus have been determined
      using a radioimmunoassay. When animals are kept on light-dark cycles, the titer
      displays massive daily increases and decreases producing a daily rhythm. This
      rhythm is maintained with a period of approximately 24 hr in continuous darkness.
      The free-running period of the rhythm was determined at 24 and 28 degrees and
      found to be temperature compensated. Therefore the titer of ecdysteroids is
      modulated by a circadian system. Since ecdysteroids are known to influence a wide
      variety of developmental events ranging from chromosome puffing to cuticle
      deposition, circadian modulation of the titer will provide information concerning
      time to all ecdysteroid sensitive tissues hence could function as a pacemaker for
      imposing developmental synchrony.

PMID- 4043726
TI  - Light and electron microscopic identification of gonadotrophic cells in the
      pituitary gland of the goldfish by means of immunocytochemistry.
AB  - Immunocytochemical techniques were used at the light and electron microscopical
      levels in order to localize and to characterize the gonadotrophs in the goldfish
      pituitary gland by means of antibodies to carp gonadotrophin (c-GTH) or its
      subunit (c-GTH beta). At the light microscopical level antibodies to c-GTH
      reacted weakly with cells located in the rostral pars distalis (RPD) and strongly
      with cells of the proximal pars distalis (PPD). The labeling was restricted to
      the proximal pars distalis when antibodies to c-GTH beta were employed. The PAP
      and colloidal-gold postembedding procedures demonstrated that two cell types of
      the PPD react with both immune sera. These cells correspond to the so-called
      globular and nonglobular basophils of the goldfish pituitary. The labeling was
      located over the small secretory granules and the large globules. A relationship
      was noted between the intensity of the labeling and the electron density of the
      globules.

PMID- 4043727
TI  - [Plasma levels, metabolic clearance rates, and rates of secretion of testosterone
      and estradiol-l7 beta in the silver eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)].
AB  - Testosterone (T) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) plasma levels and metabolic clearance
      rates (MCR) were measured to investigate their ovarian production in immature
      silver eel. The dynamics of T and E2 metabolism were studied in catheterized eels
      using single injections of 0.2 to 0.5 microCi 3H-labeled steroid. The
      distribution volumes, biological half-life and MCR of nonconjugated tracers were
      calculated on the basis of a two-compartment model. At the end of the
      experiments, radioactivity was measured in different organs and tissues to
      localize the site of T and E2 catabolism. The volume of the inner compartment was
      3.4% for T and E2. The outer compartment was larger for T (6.4%) than that for E2
      (4.3%). The biological half-life was three to four times shorter for T (14.5 hr)
      than that for E2 (48.5 hr). The MCR for T (1.71 ml/kg body wt/hr) was higher than
      for E2 (0.51 ml/kg body wt/hr). Plasma levels were determined, using
      radioimmunoassay, on samples taken before injections of radiolabeled steroid.
      Free or protein-bound hormone levels were 0.12 and 0.31 ng/ml for T and E2,
      respectively. Conjugated T and E2 levels were, respectively, 0.13 and 0.23 ng/ml.
      Production rates were determined as the product of the MCR and the plasma
      concentration of the nonconjugated hormone. No significant differences were
      observed between the production rates of T and E2 (0.24 ng/kg body wt/hr). The
      liver was the principal site of metabolism for both hormones, which were excreted
      via the enterohepatic route. E2 injection gave rise to no metabolite in the
      plasma whereas after T injection a metabolite was produced, the concentration of
      which increased as a function of time. Its chromatographic properties were
      different from that of E2 or androstenedione, suggesting that no significant
      peripheral aromatization or 17-oxidoreduction occurs in the immature silver eel.

PMID- 4043728
TI  - [Tryptophan operon of methylotrophic facultative Pseudomonas sp. M bacteria. I.
      Isolation and characterization of auxotrophic Trp-mutants].
AB  - Eighteen auxotropic trp- mutants of the facultative methylotrophic bacteria
      Pseudomonas sp. M. induced by nitrosoguanidine were characterized. Trp- mutants
      were tested for a number of biochemical properties: the capacity to grow on
      tryptophan intermediates, their accumulation in growth medium and activities of
      key enzymes. The trpE, trpD, trpC, trpF, trpB and trpA mutants were identified.
      The trpDC121 mutant with a one-point mutation has been obtained. This mutation
      caused inactivation of two enzymes--anthranilate-5-phosphoribosyl transferase and
      indole-3-glycerophosphate synthase. Unusual trpA and trpB auxotrophs with TrpAB-
      phenotype were described. It may be concluded that this type of mutations cause
      loss of catalytic activity of a subunit of tryptophan synthase as well as its
      structural modification. As a result, no active tryptophan synthase complex is
      formed and hence, the activity of the opposite intact subunit is inhibited.

PMID- 4043729
TI  - [Cytogenetic characteristics of the cells of different organs in AKR mice during
      the development of transplanted lympholeukemia].
AB  - The process of cell generalization of lymphatic leukemia transplanted clone of
      AKR mice was studied by the routine and differential methods of metaphase
      chromosome staining. In 99.5% cases, the cells have an additional small
      chromosome specific for this type of leukemia, the chromosome being comparable in
      size with 18-19 pairs of chromosomes of mouse karyotype. Generalization process
      within 7 days' experiment (from the moment of transplantation up to the moment of
      animals' death from lymphatic leukemia) appeared to be slower in thymus and bone
      marrow of AKR mice than in spleen, lymphatic nodes and liver of the same animals
      with nearly the same generalization rate. A change in the frequency of marked
      leukemic cells in various organs at different time intervals after
      transplantation of lymphatic leukemia correlated with intensive cell division of
      an undulating character in all organs. The data obtained show that hyperdiploid
      cells carrying the specific additional small chromosome are responsible for the
      generalization process, this chromosome being also present in spontaneous strain
      of AKR mice, from which this clone was obtained.

PMID- 4043730
TI  - [Frequency of acrocentric chromosome associations in human blood lymphocytes when
      using different methods for its assessment].
AB  - The indeces of frequency of associations of acrocentric chromosomes in
      lymphocytes of human peripheral blood were compared with the help of different
      criteria of their estimation: by argentofile connections and by specific location
      of acrocentrics in metaphase plate. It was shown by the methods of variation
      statistics that the specificity of orientation of associative acrocentric
      chromosomes towards each other by short arms to the distance equal to the length
      of G-chromosome long arm is not accidental. Therefore, the method elaborated on
      the basis of the estimation criteria reflects participation of acrocentric
      chromosomes association in the formation of general nucleus in interphase more
      completely than the Ag-method, as preservation of Ag-material depends on the
      extent of its resorbtion in mitosis.

PMID- 4043731
TI  - [Genetic aspects of the reactions of humoral immunity to collagen in man and
      animals. II. Modifications of the autoimmune status to collagen type I in NZB x
      NZW (F1) mice by sex hormones during ontogeny].
AB  - The sex hormones, estradiol and testosterone, are able to modulate the status of
      spontaneous reactions of humoral immunity to type I collagen in ontogenesis of
      NZB x NZW (F1) females. Administration of estradiol to puber and unpuber females
      leads to a significant increase in the reactivity levels. The autoimmune status
      to type I collagen in NZB x NZW (F1) males is nonreactive to sex hormones
      influence. The results obtained corroborate the suggestion of the important role
      of sex hormones in formation of sex dimorphism and age variability to
      autoimmunity to type I collagen.

PMID- 4043732
TI  - Tubulin genes of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei
      rhodesiense:nucleotide sequence of a 3.7-kb fragment containing genes for alpha
      and beta tubulins.
AB  - Most tubulin genes of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma rhodesiense are
      contained in 3.7-kb tandemly repeating units. One member of the 3.7-kb repeat
      family has been isolated from a T. rhodesiense genomic library, cloned, and
      sequenced. The 3646-bp fragment contains a complete alpha-tubulin gene and
      portions of two beta-tubulin genes. No introns are present. The genes are
      separated by 634- and 333-bp intergenic regions, which lack typical eukaryotic
      promoter and poly(A) signal sequences. However, both intergenic regions exhibit
      some structural similarity with sequences proposed to be involved in
      transcription termination and poly(A) addition in yeast. The 634-bp intergenic
      region shows homology to the "mini-exon" sequence associated with variable
      surface glycoprotein (VSG) and other trypanosome mRNAs. A comparable sequence is
      not found in the 333-bp intergenic region. T. rhodesiense alpha and beta-tubulins
      exhibit about 84-85% amino acid (aa) sequence homology with tubulins of mammals;
      the genes show about 74-75% nucleotide sequence homology. The alpha-tubulin
      contains 451 aa and the beta tubulin 442 aa; both have tyrosine as the C-terminal
      aa.

PMID- 4043733
TI  - An erythromycin-resistance gene from an erythromycin-producing strain of
      Arthrobacter sp.
AB  - A gene (ermA) coding for a presumed erythromycin-resistance (ErR) determinant
      from an Er-producing Arthrobacter sp. strain (NRRLB3381) was isolated from a gene
      bank in phage vector lambda 2001 by probing with a Streptomyces ErR gene.
      Strongly hybridizing fragments were subcloned and the appropriate segments
      sequenced. The ermA gene is 76 mol% G + C in content and specifies a protein of
      340 aa with an Mr of 37454. S1 nuclease mapping and primer extension identified
      the putative promoter, which resembles the consensus sequence of Escherichia coli
      promoters particularly in the -10 region. A potential ribosome-binding site (RBS)
      (AGGAG) was also located. Unexpectedly, the majority of in vivo ermA transcripts
      detected were only 245 nt long, suggesting that expression of ErR may be
      regulated post-transcriptionally. Substantial homology is observed between the
      predicted aa sequences of the ermA-coded protein and the products of three other
      ErR determinants, from organisms that do not produce Er.

PMID- 4043735
TI  - Diagnostic dilemmas of confusion. Interview by Richard L. Peck.

PMID- 4043734
TI  - Polyadenylation of a human mitochondrial ribosomal RNA transcript detected by
      molecular cloning.
AB  - We have identified by molecular cloning a polyadenylated RNA transcript in the
      human leukemia cell line, K562, which is complementary to a portion of the gene
      encoding mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (mt 16S rRNA). The cloned portion of the
      transcript corresponds to positions 2191-2395 of the human mt genome. The clone
      represents a cDNA copy of an RNA transcript from the H strand and carries an
      additional poly(A) tail 21 residues long at its 3'-end. Our data provide direct
      evidence for polyadenylation of some mt 16S rRNA transcripts.

PMID- 4043736
TI  - OTC misuse: worth the physician's attention.

PMID- 4043737
TI  - Headaches in older patients: Ddx and Tx of vascular and inflammatory pain.
AB  - Caution must be used in the elderly in making the diagnosis of complicated
      migraine, since transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), other cerebrovascular
      dysfunction, or structural lesions also can produce prolonged neurologic deficits
      with headache. Although hypertensive headache itself has no specific diagnostic
      features, patients who do complain of headache with episodes of hypertension
      usually localize the pain to the occipital region. This headache is most
      pronounced on awakening in the morning, usually diminishing 2 to 3 hours after
      arising.

PMID- 4043738
TI  - Diagnosis of noncardiac chest pain in older patients.
AB  - Barium swallow and gallbladder study may reveal esophageal or gastric cancer,
      esophageal or duodenal ulcer, or gallstones. If serious GI tract disorders such
      as these are ruled out, the next step is to seek an esophageal source of
      recurring chest pain. Intraesophageal acid infusion and edrophonium chloride
      (Tensilon) stimulation can be used in the office to reproduce chest pain
      secondary to an esophageal disorder. With either test, reproduction of the
      patient's typical chest pain is positive. About one-third of patients seen in our
      laboratory with noncardiac chest pain have a positive response.

PMID- 4043739
TI  - Why having older diabetics self-monitor blood sugars pays off.
AB  - By providing immediate positive rewards for actions that retard hyperglycemia,
      self-monitoring can reinforce patients' incentive to stick to their diets. This
      gives them a feeling of more control and satisfaction with the changes they make.
      Among 100 patients treated by a diabetologist, 70% were interested in home blood
      sugar monitoring techniques for better management of blood sugars, including more
      than one-half of all type II patients.

PMID- 4043740
TI  - Pacemakers: abnormal function.
AB  - Although intermittent or total loss of capture may occur at any time following
      pacemaker implantation, the peak incidence is either very early (less than 4
      weeks) or very late (more than 3 years) in the life of the device. Oversensing
      may be a cause of recurrent syncope in patients who, during routine office visit
      testing, appear to have normally functioning pacemakers.

PMID- 4043741
TI  - [Use of a method of accelerated hygienic standardization for the chemical content
      in reservoir water exemplified by adipic and sebacic acids].

PMID- 4043742
TI  - [Establishing methodological approaches to the hygienic evaluation of water
      soluble polymers used in hydrogeology].

PMID- 4043743
TI  - [Toxicological and hygienic characteristics of benzyl acetate].

PMID- 4043744
TI  - [Effect of substances released by polymeric material on the body of animals from
      the viewpoint of age].

PMID- 4043745
TI  - [Assessment of the mutagenic hazards of benzene and its derivatives].

PMID- 4043746
TI  - [Experimental study of the toxicodynamics of parachlorobenzotrifluoride].

PMID- 4043747
TI  - [Modifying action of carbon tetrachloride on the cytogenetic effect of
      cyclophosphamide].

PMID- 4043748
TI  - [Late effects of exposure to hexi- and trivalent chromium in water on the body].

PMID- 4043749
TI  - [Food stimulation of the detoxifying system of the liver in preventing pesticide
      poisonings].

PMID- 4043750
TI  - [Factors in the body adaptation of adolescents to working conditions during
      training in vocational and technical schools].

PMID- 4043751
TI  - [New approaches in the hygienic evaluation of work loads of schoolchildren].

PMID- 4043752
TI  - [Body function potentials of young schoolchildren as a criterion of physical
      load].

PMID- 4043753
TI  - [Improved methodological protocol for the hygienic study of ion-exchange resins
      intended for drinking water treatment].

PMID- 4043754
TI  - [Method of studying the atherogenic action of metals by using carbon-labelled
      cholesterol].

PMID- 4043755
TI  - [Evaluation of the combined action of atmospheric pollutants in planning and
      implementing air protection measures].

PMID- 4043756
TI  - [Characteristics of modelling the toxicokinetics of chromium and manganese].

PMID- 4043757
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the technology for dry coke quenching in coke chemical
      plants].

PMID- 4043758
TI  - [Hygienic principles of organizing the targeted physical education of pupils in 1
      year vocational and technical schools].

PMID- 4043759
TI  - [Determination of the risk of development of respiratory diseases in children
      exposed to chemical pollution of the atmosphere].

PMID- 4043760
TI  - [Radon release from construction materials in housing].

PMID- 4043761
TI  - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of meliorant dust in the
      atmosphere].

PMID- 4043762
TI  - [Experimental data on establishing the maximum permissible concentration of iron
      and its compounds in the atmosphere].

PMID- 4043763
TI  - [Comparative hygienic characteristics of the working conditions in carpet
      factories located in different climatic zones].

PMID- 4043764
TI  - [Analysis of the organ-tissue and intersystemic predominance of the localization
      of the pathology in body exposure to harmful chemical factors].

PMID- 4043765
TI  - [Experimental research on the biological action of benzyl alcohol].

PMID- 4043766
TI  - [Effect of elevated air pressure on the development of silicosis].

PMID- 4043767
TI  - [Body function of workers operating different types of plasma units].

PMID- 4043768
TI  - [Effect of the prework period on adaptive and compensatory indices of scientific
      researchers].

PMID- 4043769
TI  - [Effect of Ciodrin residues on poultry products].

PMID- 4043770
TI  - [Carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of the herbicide sencor].

PMID- 4043771
TI  - [Further improvement of work with young scientists].

PMID- 4043772
TI  - [Various components of bronchial secretion in dust-induced lung diseases].

PMID- 4043773
TI  - [Clinico-functional characteristics of the bronchopulmonary system in workers
      exposed to low levels (MPEL) of asbestos-containing dust].

PMID- 4043774
TI  - [Pathophysiological aspects of the development of diseases of the upper
      respiratory tract in workers in the asbestos-technological industry].

PMID- 4043775
TI  - [Cerebral angiodystonia syndrome in the clinical picture of vibration disease].

PMID- 4043776
TI  - [Effect of impulse local vibration with different time distribution of impulses
      on the body].

PMID- 4043777
TI  - [Changes in the rate of conduction of stimulation in the motor fibers of the
      peripheral nerves in vibration disease].

PMID- 4043778
TI  - [Evaluation of the local effect of the magnetic field on the human body in
      laboratory studies].

PMID- 4043779
TI  - [Various physiological indicators in antenna operators of transmitting and
      receiving SW radio centers].

PMID- 4043780
TI  - [Arteriosclerosis and arterial hypertension at remote periods after chronic
      carbon disulfide poisoning].

PMID- 4043781
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of microclimate in plastics molding plants].

PMID- 4043782
TI  - [Effect of the level of general physical work capacity on various indicators of
      lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in persons with low professional motor
      activity].

PMID- 4043783
TI  - [Activities of the Komsomol organizations with regard to implementing decisions
      of the Party and Government on the development of medical science and public
      health].

PMID- 4043784
TI  - [Toxicological-hygienic characteristics of isopropyl alcohol].

PMID- 4043785
TI  - [Role of the cesarean section in labor in parturients after treatment of
      infertility and inability to carry pregnancy to term].

PMID- 4043786
TI  - [Changes in the prolactin level in the serum of the umbilical cord and peripheral
      blood collected during the first hour of life from newborn infants delivered by
      cesarean section].

PMID- 4043787
TI  - [Evaluation of the condition of newborn infants delivered by obstetrical forceps
      and vacuum extraction].

PMID- 4043789
TI  - [Effect of physical exertion during labor on the morphological picture and
      protein level in the blood of parturients].

PMID- 4043788
TI  - [Copper, zinc and magnesium levels in placental tissue in early pregnancy and in
      at-term and prolonged pregnancies].

PMID- 4043790
TI  - [Hysterosalpingography in a case of extensive damage of the external os and
      marked dilatation of the cervical canal].

PMID- 4043791
TI  - [Circumvaginal muscles in sexual reactions of women].

PMID- 4043792
TI  - [Crossed displacement of the kidney as a cause of anuria in pregnancy].

PMID- 4043793
TI  - [Carcinoid tumor of the appendix with a metastatic focus in the parametrium].

PMID- 4043794
TI  - [Indications for cesarean section in multiple pregnancy].

PMID- 4043795
TI  - [Clinical aspects of septic conditions in women after cesarean sections].

PMID- 4043796
TI  - [Morphological changes in the kidneys of female rabbits with experimental
      hypertension in pregnancy].

PMID- 4043798
TI  - [Selected problems of morphology of the venous system of female internal genital
      organs. I. The system of uterine and ovarian veins].

PMID- 4043797
TI  - [Prolactin and estradiol levels during hormone therapy of breast cancer].

PMID- 4043799
TI  - [Selected elements of exertion physiology as an introduction to physiopathology
      in obstetrics and perinatology. II. Factors of physiological regulation of energy
      metabolism during physical exertion. Participation of energy substrates in
      exertion metabolism].

PMID- 4043800
TI  - [Evaluation of the status of iron metabolism in women in the 20th and 36th weeks
      of pregnancy].

PMID- 4043801
TI  - [Method of management of premature labor in twin pregnancies using
      glucocorticoids].

PMID- 4043802
TI  - [Hysterographic findings in patients with cancer of the uterus and their
      prognostic significance].

PMID- 4043803
TI  - [A case of cervical pregnancy in the second trimester complicated by placenta
      accreta].

PMID- 4043804
TI  - [Pulmonary resection in children with chronic nonspecific diseases].

PMID- 4043805
TI  - [Muscular thoracoplasty in pleural empyema].

PMID- 4043806
TI  - [Combined surgery in cancer of the lung].

PMID- 4043807
TI  - [Treatment of pleural empyema].

PMID- 4043808
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of blood coagulation disorders after lung surgery].

PMID- 4043809
TI  - [Metabolic status of peripheral blood cells according to phases of volemic
      disorders in patients with suppurative diseases of the lungs and pleura].

PMID- 4043810
TI  - [Features of compensation of external respiratory function in children in the
      immediate period following pulmonary resection].

PMID- 4043811
TI  - [Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of clotted hemothorax].

PMID- 4043812
TI  - [Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of postoperative intrapleural hemorrhages
      in patients subjected to surgery for tuberculosis and other pulmonary pathology].

PMID- 4043813
TI  - [Classification of postoperative complications in pulmonary surgery].

PMID- 4043814
TI  - [Surgical correction of transposition of the great vessels].

PMID- 4043815
TI  - [Therapeutic tactics in wounds of the heart].

PMID- 4043816
TI  - [Importance of protection of the ischemized myocardium in preventing acute
      myocardial insufficiency].

PMID- 4043817
TI  - [Endoscopic diagnosis of the incomplete form of atrioventricular canal].

PMID- 4043818
TI  - [Calculation of the diameter of the pulmonary arteries in tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 4043819
TI  - [New methods in the complex treatment of suppurative-destructive diseases of the
      lungs and pleura].

PMID- 4043820
TI  - [Effect of pulmonary artery embolism on hemodynamics of the pulmonary
      circulation].

PMID- 4043821
TI  - [Current problems in the conservative treatment of chemical burns of the
      esophagus].

PMID- 4043822
TI  - [Catamenial pneumothorax].

PMID- 4043823
TI  - Neonatal outcome of infants delivered at 26-28 weeks of gestation.
AB  - The delivery results of 42 infants born to 40 mothers at the gestational age of
      26-28 weeks during a period of 5 years were analyzed. The study was evaluated in
      two periods of time: in the first period out of 15 infants born only 5 (33.3%)
      survived, while in the second period 21 (77.7%) out of 27 infants survived (p
      less than 0.01). 38 infants were transferred to a neonatal intensive care unit
      for premature infants. Only 41% of the infants transferred in the first period
      survived, as compared to 80.7% of those transferred during the second period (p
      less than 0.01). There was no significant difference in the mean birth weight at
      each gestational age between the survivors and those who subsequently died in
      both periods of the study. In the study groups, cesarean section rate rose from
      13.3% in the first period to 44% in the second. Mode of delivery, regardless of
      the presenting part, did not seem to influence neonatal survival. Obstetrical
      management, including the performance of operative delivery for fetal indications
      and active neonatal resuscitation, seems to be reasonable for infants at the
      gestational age of 26 weeks or more.

PMID- 4043825
TI  - Regulation of blood coagulation and thrombosis.
AB  - The syndrome of the hereditary tendency to venous thrombosis or thrombophilia has
      been recognized only after the discovery of regulatory mechanisms of the
      haemostatic system. At present, several distinct defects are known as causes of
      this syndrome: antithrombin III deficiency, protein C deficiency, protein S
      deficiency, dysfibrinogenaemia and dysplasminogenaemia. It is likely that several
      additional defects will be found in the near future. Consequently, it is
      important that a family history be taken in all cases of 'spontaneous' venous
      thrombosis and that laboratory studies be done to identify any underlying defect
      in the regulation of the blood coagulation system. We present preliminary data,
      which suggest that the incidence of the thrombophilia syndrome is higher than
      that of the haemophilias.

PMID- 4043824
TI  - 'False' fetal heart rate recording caused by interaction of an infusion pump and
      a fetal monitor.
AB  - The authors describe 4 cases of falsely recorded fetal heart rate pattern due to
      technical failure. Interaction of a fetal monitor and an infusion pump may lead
      to a 'false' fetal heart rate tracing, suggesting fetal compromise and masking
      the actual cardiac activity. The limits of indirect fetal monitoring are
      stressed.

PMID- 4043826
TI  - Delayed fibrinolysis: a cause of thrombosis?
AB  - On a theoretical basis, delayed fibrinolysis has always been assumed to allow a
      harmless, or rather, useful clotting process to develop into manifest thrombosis.
      Since the early sixties, when most modern concepts on fibrinolysis were
      postulated, the evidence for a causal relationship between impaired fibrinolysis
      and venous thrombosis has not become much stronger. On the other hand, several
      observations indicate an association between impaired fibrinolysis and arterial
      thrombosis. Recent years have witnessed a flare-up of interest in fibrinolytic
      therapy, especially of acute coronary artery thrombosis, and thanks to the
      availability of human tissue-type plasminogen activator, expansion of its field
      of application is to be expected. However, with drugs for maintenance enhancement
      of fibrinolysis still being out of reach, we rely on the well-established oral
      anticoagulant regimen for the prophylaxis of thrombosis in patients with an
      obvious thrombotic disposition.

PMID- 4043827
TI  - The mechanism of action of oral anticoagulants and its consequences for the
      practice of oral anticoagulation.
AB  - A short review on the discovery of the relation between vitamin K and the
      synthesis of clotting factors and on the development of anticoagulant therapy is
      given. The procoagulant activity induced by vitamin K resides in the
      postribosomal modification of N-terminal glutamic acids in gamma-COOH glutamic
      acids. The mode of action of oral anticoagulants is explained. The concentration
      effect relations and the choice of an oral anticoagulant is discussed.

PMID- 4043828
TI  - Standardization of the prothrombin time in oral anticoagulant control.
AB  - The establishment of International Reference Preparations for thromboplastin
      together with a recommended methodology for use has permitted the definition of a
      universal scale for intensity of oral anticoagulation. This scale is called
      International Normalized Ratio (INR). INRs can be calculated by using calibrated
      thromboplastin/instrument systems. A calibration model has been developed
      together with statistical methods to test this model. The imprecision of
      calculated INRs has been estimated using information from international
      collaborative studies and proficiency testing programs. Normalized prothrombin
      times obtained with calibrated thromboplastin/instrument systems have been shown
      to provide safe patient care in clinical practice. The development of control
      plasmas with assigned INR equivalents will complete the standardization system.
      The INR scale will facilitate the process of consensus-making with respect to
      optimal therapeutic ranges for anticoagulant intensity. Finally, it will improve
      the continuity of anticoagulant control of travelling patients.

PMID- 4043829
TI  - The management of stroke: fears and facts.
AB  - The poor definition of stroke, the lack of exact knowledge of its aetiology and
      natural history, particularly in an individual case, and our limited insights
      into the effects of both medical and surgical treatment have up to now not
      broadened the fairly narrow rational basis for management of stroke patients. It
      is argued that, despite a vast literature on the subject, treatment is mainly
      conducted along emotional lines in practice. The only exception to this forms the
      secondary prevention of cardiogenic emboli.

PMID- 4043830
TI  - Optimal therapeutic anticoagulation.
AB  - The relevant literature on the intensity of anticoagulation needed to prevent the
      development or growth of thrombi in patients at risk is reviewed. In case of
      elective surgery, prevention of venous thrombosis is easily attained with heparin
      or with coumarin alone, at levels of anticoagulation involving only a minor risk
      of bleeding complications. For posttraumatic prophylaxis, more intensive oral
      anticoagulation is required, similar to that for the management of active venous
      thrombosis, for which a combined heparin/coumarin regimen is proposed. A 90%
      reduction of the incidence of systemic emboli in patients with a high risk of
      developing intracardiac thrombosis requires high-intensity treatment with a
      target INR of 4. More intensive anticoagulation would be needed to obtain the
      same 90% protection in case of arterial (coronary) thrombosis. This is
      prohibited, however, by the rapidly increasing bleeding risk in cases with INR
      values greater than 5. With a target INR of 3.5 (sixty-Plus patients), the
      reinfarction rate will not be lowered by more than two thirds. Antiplatelet drugs
      given alone or in combination with anticoagulants have not been convincingly
      successful thus far in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.

PMID- 4043831
TI  - [Rehabilitation of burn patients using pressure garments].

PMID- 4043833
TI  - [A neuropsychiatric syndrome as the first manifestation of thyroid storm].

PMID- 4043832
TI  - [Increasing incidence of pseudomembranous colitis and its association with
      antibiotic therapy].

PMID- 4043834
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of a cervical mass].

PMID- 4043835
TI  - [Pathologic aerophagia in childhood].

PMID- 4043836
TI  - [Erythema nodosum due to disopyramide].

PMID- 4043837
TI  - [Intramuscular myxoma associated with fibrous dysplasia of adjacent bone].

PMID- 4043838
TI  - [Spontaneous antibodies to the insulin receptor].

PMID- 4043839
TI  - [Endotracheal drug administration].

PMID- 4043841
TI  - [Prognostic and diagnostic values of exercise stress in asymptomatic subjects].

PMID- 4043840
TI  - [Premature rupture of membranes: review and update].

PMID- 4043842
TI  - [Therapy with monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 4043843
TI  - [Periurethral teflon injection for urinary incontinence].

PMID- 4043844
TI  - [Ranitidine or cimetidine].

PMID- 4043845
TI  - [Cardiovascular effects of psychotropic drugs].

PMID- 4043846
TI  - [Local hyperthermia for the treatment of deep-seated tumors].

PMID- 4043847
TI  - [Predicted need for renal dialysis in Israel].

PMID- 4043848
TI  - [Pacemakers implantation in children].

PMID- 4043849
TI  - [A screening clinic for gynecological neoplasms].

PMID- 4043850
TI  - [Fever as the only manifestation of recurrent familial Mediterranean fever].

PMID- 4043851
TI  - [Subendocardial myocardial infarction after intravenous fluorescein].

PMID- 4043852
TI  - [Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia].

PMID- 4043853
TI  - [Early endoscopic sphincterotomy after cholecystectomy with T-tube drainage].

PMID- 4043854
TI  - [Obstructive uropathy due to mumps].

PMID- 4043855
TI  - [Contrast nephropathy].

PMID- 4043856
TI  - [Non-Compliance with drug therapy].

PMID- 4043857
TI  - [Breast pain: clinical significance and treatment].

PMID- 4043858
TI  - [Evaluation of 1982/83 internship program by graduates of four medical schools in
      Israel].

PMID- 4043859
TI  - [Pancreatic ascites].

PMID- 4043860
TI  - [The experimental use of naloxone in the management of shock].

PMID- 4043861
TI  - [Anaerobic bacterial infections].

PMID- 4043862
TI  - [Anti-anaerobic antibiotic agents].

PMID- 4043863
TI  - Contribution to the question of relationships between Enterobius vermicularis
      (L.) and inflammatory processes in the appendix.
AB  - We evaluated a bioptic material of appendices from the hospital in Ceske
      Budejovice, obtained from 1977-1981. Of these, 2173 appendices were removed as
      cases of a clinical appendicitis, 788 for preventive reasons. In the cases of a
      clinical appendicitis with the incidence of pin worms in the appendix, the
      histological picture displayed significantly more chronical, inflammatory changes
      than in acute cases (test chi 2), while in cases of a clinical appendicitis
      without the presence of pin worms, we found more acute than chronical forms of
      inflammations. Our results are supported also by an analysis of preventively
      removed appendices, where again more chronical, inflammatory changes were found
      in appendices with pin worms.

PMID- 4043864
TI  - Aminopeptidase inhibitor from Ascaris suum.
AB  - The correlation of aminopeptidase activity in the homogenate and perienteric
      fluid from Ascaris suum to the concentration of the studied fluids was assessed.
      The obtained non-linear correlations were interpreted as a result of the presence
      of the inhibitor. In further experiments, it was demonstrated that aminopeptidase
      inhibitor is present in the homogenate and perienteric fluid from A. suum. The
      effect of this inhibitor was studied using different substrates. The effects of
      the inhibitor on aminopeptidase activity of A. suum homogenate and on that of
      rabbit serum were studied. In other experiments it was found that an excess of
      the substrate impairs the effect of the inhibitor.

PMID- 4043865
TI  - The efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against larvae of the
      blackfly Odagmia ornata (Meig.) (Simuliidae) at low temperatures.
AB  - The effect of the suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis spores on
      larvae of the blackfly Odagmia ornata was studied in the laboratory and under
      field conditions of a natural biotope in southern Bohemia. The preparation
      Moskitur was used and its effect was tested in laboratory at temperatures 0.1-2.9
      degrees C and 17-19 degrees C. Although O. ornata larvae were able to filter feed
      on a lethal dose of the preparation even at a lower temperature than 2.9 degrees
      C, no marked manifestation of mortality was observed at low temperatures in
      comparison with a control sample.

PMID- 4043866
TI  - [Anti-platelet actions of salicylates: in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro effects of
      choline salicylate].
AB  - Effects of choline salicylate, sodium salicylate, choline chloride and
      acetylsalicylic acid on platelet aggregation in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro in
      mice were studied. These drugs all inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced
      respiratory depression, which is closely related to platelet aggregation in vivo,
      with choline salicylate showing the strongest inhibitory effect. Choline
      salicylate had a tendency to reduce the mortality of animals injected
      intravenously with endotoxin, but the other drugs had no such effect. The
      inhibitory effects of these drugs on ADP-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo
      were in the order of choline salicylate greater than acetylsalicylic acid
      congruent to sodium salicylate greater than choline chloride congruent to no
      effect, and plasma concentrations of protein-unbound salicylic acid at 1 hr after
      oral administration of drugs were in the order of choline salicylate greater than
      acetylsalicylic acid congruent to sodium salicylate. The in vitro effects of
      these drugs were in the order of choline salicylate congruent to sodium
      salicylate greater than choline chloride congruent to acetylsalicylic acid
      congruent to no effect. Therefore, it was considered that salicylic acid played
      an important role on the in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro effects of choline
      salicylate and that choline increased plasma concentrations of salicylic acid and
      consequently enhanced the in vivo and ex vivo effects of salicylic acid.
      Furthermore, the ex vivo effects of choline salicylate were found when ADP
      induced platelet aggregation was measured with platelet-rich plasma prepared from
      blood collected with heparin as anti-coagulant, but not when blood was collected
      with citrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043867
TI  - [Pharmacological studies of N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-L-cysteine (SA 96).
      VI. Effects on vitamin B6, metals and skin collagen in rats].
AB  - N-(2-Mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-L-cysteine (SA 96), an antirheumatic agent, and
      the main metabolite of SA 96, N-[2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionyl]-L-cysteine (SA
      679), were investigated for the effects on vitamin B6 (VB6), metals and skin
      collagen in rats in comparison with D-penicillamine (D-Pc). SA 96 had no effect
      on VB6 amount in serum and liver at doses of 30 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg, p.o., for 28
      days, but SA 96 as well as SA 679 lowered the level in the liver slightly at a
      dose of 600 mg/kg. On the other hand, D-Pc lowered the VB6 level markedly both in
      serum and liver at doses of 150 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, p.o., for 28 days. SA 96, SA
      679 or D-Pc had no effect on urinary VB6 excretion. The degree of complexing of
      SA 96 as well as SA 679 with pyridoxal-5-phosphate in vitro was very slight as
      compared with D-Pc. SA 96 and D-Pc increased Cu and Zn excretion in urine,
      decreased Cu level both in serum and liver, and increased Zn level in serum.
      However, the degree of these effects of SA 96 on the metals was very slight as
      compared with D-Pc. SA 96 or SA 679 had no effect on skin collagen, neither
      soluble nor insoluble collagen, but D-Pc increased soluble collagen markedly. In
      addition, at a dose of 600 mg/kg, D-Pc decreased insoluble collagen.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043868
TI  - [Influences of free intake of nicotine on several circadian rhythms in rats].
AB  - Male Wistar rats, aged 4 weeks, were kept in a temperature controlled room with a
      12 hr light-dark cycle and given food and water ad libitum. The nicotine-treated
      group of rats was given water containing nicotine, which was estimated to be 10
      mg/kg/day, for 40 days. Spontaneous motor activities, drinking activities and
      serum corticosterone levels showed circadian rhythms characteristic of a
      nocturnal animal in both the control and the nicotine-treated groups. As compared
      to the control group, however, the nicotine-treated group showed an increase in
      ambulatory activities, a decrease in drinking activities and a diminution of
      weight gain. In comparison with diurnal variations, serum corticosterone levels
      and liver nicotine oxidase activities increased in the nicotine-treated group
      during the dark period. However, the pattern of circadian rhythms characteristic
      of a nocturnal animal were not altered.

PMID- 4043869
TI  - [Effects of 4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine hydrochloride (MCI-2016,
      bifemelane hydrochloride) on spontaneous motor activity under different
      experimental conditions].
AB  - Effects of MCI-2016 on SMA changes were examined under several experimental
      conditions (normal conditions, hypoxia and head injury). Under normal conditions,
      MCI-2016 showed a significant increase of SMA after single administration of 12
      mg/kg, i.p. Other doses (12.5-50 mg/kg, p.o. and 3-6 mg/kg, i.p.) of MCI-2016
      were without significant effect. Under the same condition, MCI-2016 produced a
      dose-dependent increase of SMA after repeated doses of 12.5 to 50 mg/kg, p.o. (9
      10 days administrations). After 5 days repeated administration, MCI-2016
      significantly improved the decreased SMA due to hypoxia (rats) at 50 to 100
      mg/kg, p.o. Furthermore, the drug also improved the decreased spontaneity due to
      head injury (mice) at 50 to 400 mg/kg, p.o. These improving effects of MCI-2016
      were superior to those of Ca-hopantenate. The SMA increasing effect of MCI-2016
      (12 mg/kg, i.p.) was antagonized more strongly by phenoxybenzamine than by
      haloperidol. In addition, the drug was shown to be rather antagonistic to the
      effects of anticholinergic agents. These effects may indicate the existence of
      qualitative differences between MCI-2016 and methamphetamine in the SMA
      increasing actions. It is also suggested that MCI-2016 may exhibit the above
      pharmacological effects through possible activation of noradrenergic and/or
      cholinergic mechanisms.

PMID- 4043870
TI  - [Pharmacological actions of iprazochrome on the vascular system].
AB  - The pharmacological actions of iprazochrome (IC) on the vascular system were
      studied, and the following results were obtained: No death nor abnormal behaviors
      were observed in acute toxicity tests conducted on male and female mice and rats
      despite the administration of large doses of IC (10,000 mg/kg, p.o. and 80 mg/kg,
      i.v., respectively). IC inhibited dose-dependently platelet aggregation in vitro
      induced by arachidonate and ADP, whereas no effect was observed on ADP-induced
      respiratory depression in mice, which is closely related to platelet aggregation
      in vivo. The antiserotonergic actions of IC on the isolated external carotid
      arteries and femoral arteries in dogs observed in a noncompetitive manner were
      found to be 1/24 to 1/65 that of methysergide. On the other hand, IC showed no
      inhibitory effect on the paw edema of rats in vivo induced by serotonin. The
      inhibitory effect of IC on peritoneal dye leakage in mice was less than half that
      of phenylbutazone. IC prevented apoplexy in stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) without
      lowering the blood pressure. Histological changes in the cerebrum of SHRSP were
      ischemic changes such as swelling of the neurons and shrinkage of the nuclei,
      mainly in the cerebral cortex and corpus striatum area.

PMID- 4043871
TI  - [Pharmacological effects of CM6912 and its main metabolites].
AB  - Pharmacodynamic effects of ethyl 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1H
      1,4- benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate (CM6912), a new benzodiazepine derivative, and
      its main metabolites (CM6913 = M1, CM7116 = M2) on the peripheral systems were
      investigated in several species of animals. In pentobarbital-anesthetized
      rabbits, CM6912 and M2 (1 or 5 mg/kg, i.v.) had little effect on blood pressure,
      heart rate and ECG, but it slightly reduced the respiration rate. M1 decreased
      the heart rate without affecting respiration, blood pressure and ECG. In
      conscious rabbits, CM6912 and M2 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) did not affect respiration,
      blood pressure, heart rate and ECG, but M1 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) increased the heart
      rate. CM6912 (5 or 30 mg/kg), when administered orally, also increased heart
      rate. In pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, CM6912 and its metabolites (5 mg/kg,
      i.v.) decreased respiration and heart rate without affecting blood pressure and
      ECG. CM 6912 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) did not affect cardiovascular responses to the
      carotid occlusion, vagus stimulation, and pre- and post-ganglionic stimulation of
      cardiac ganglion in anesthetized dogs. CM6912 and its metabolites affected
      neither the spontaneous contraction nor the heart rate of isolated rabbit atria.
      These compounds also had no action on isolated aortic strips from rabbits. CM6912
      and its metabolites did not affect the muscle tone of isolated guinea pig
      intestine, and it had no effects on the contractile responses to acetylcholine,
      histamine, serotonin and barium chloride. In isolated rabbit intestine, CM6912
      and M2 slightly reduced the amplitude of contraction, while M1 had no effect.
      CM6912 and its metabolites did not affect the spontaneous motility of isolated
      non-pregnant and pregnant rat uteri as well as in situ non-pregnant rat uterus
      and isolated guinea pig vas deferens, including the contractile response to
      adrenaline. CM6912 and M2 relaxed isolated guinea pig trachea strips only at high
      concentrations. CM6912 and its metabolites did not affect the contractile
      responses of isolated rat diaphragm to electrical stimulation of the phrenic
      nerve. CM6912 (2 or 10 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect the rat renal and hepatic
      functions. CM6912 influenced neither blood coagulation in rabbits nor blood
      hemolysis in rats. CM6912 and its metabolites did not affect the pupil size and
      its light reflex, and they did not produce a local anesthesia and edema. The
      present results suggest that CM6912 and its main metabolites exert only slight
      effects on the peripheral systems in animals.

PMID- 4043872
TI  - Hematologic values of normal Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus): a
      comparison between wild-caught and laboratory-bred male animals.
AB  - Complete and differential blood counts were conducted on 23 male squirrel monkeys
      (Saimiri sciureus) of Bolivian origin. The sample included 9 laboratory-bred and
      14 wild-caught adult monkeys weighing between 600 and 1,500 g. The means of total
      white blood cell (WBC) counts, total hemoglobin and hematocrits of laboratory
      bred animals were found to be significantly different from those of wild-caught
      monkeys (p less than 0.01). Other hematologic parameters showed no significant
      differences between the two experimental groups. 3 of 14 (21.0%) wild-caught
      animals each had 1 reactive lymphocyte and 7% of the same group had 10 nucleated
      erythrocytes per 100 WBC. No reactive lymphocytes or nucleated erythrocytes were
      observed in laboratory-bred animals. The importance of these baseline data and
      the basis for the differences observed between laboratory and wild-caught monkeys
      are discussed within the context of experimental studies involving primates in
      which hematologic parameters are valuable.

PMID- 4043873
TI  - Cytogenetic study of complex hybrids in the genus Lemur (Primates Prosimians).
AB  - A cytogenetic study was carried out of several Lemur hybrids and their progeny.
      The effects of Robertsonian translocations in the heterozygous state on fertility
      and the possibility of a preferential transmission of metacentric trivalents are
      debated.

PMID- 4043874
TI  - [Demography and reproduction of Macaca sylvanus in different habitats in
      Algeria].
AB  - Usually described as a cedar forest monkey, the Barbary macaque in effect has
      colonized a great variety of habitat types. At the moment, it is not known to
      what extent these different habitats are suitable for the species' survival. We
      tried to answer this question by comparing the demography of three monkey troops:
      one lives in a deciduous oak forest; the second lives in an nondeciduous cedar
      green oak forest while the third is found on rocky ridges of mountains without
      any arborescent vegetation. In the three sites, there is a true seasonal breeding
      season with most births taking place in April to May and most matings occurring
      in November to December. Details are given on reproduction parameters (sexual
      activity of females; fertility rates; young survival...). Monkeys densities are
      higher in cedar forest than in deciduous forest. The smallest density is found on
      mountain ridges. Forest troops are more numerous, highly stable; their growth
      rate is better and the population is relatively young. The situation is slightly
      better still in the cedar forest than in the oak forest with a sex ratio more in
      favor of females and a better survival of the young. The troop of the mountain
      ridges is an unstable group ranging from 10 to 25 individuals; the population is
      aging, with a low birth rate and more male infants surviving compared with
      females. Demographic differences between sites are discussed according to
      climate, food availability and human influences (tree-clearing and overgrazing).
      Conclusions are drawn from this situation, for species conservation.

PMID- 4043875
TI  - Sexual dimorphism in the postcranial skeleton of New World primates.
AB  - This study examines sexual dimorphism in 24 dimensions of the postcranial
      skeleton of four platyrrhine species: Callithrix jacchus, Saguinus nigricollis,
      Saimiri sciureus, and Cebus albifrons. The two callitrichid species show a
      relatively small amount of variation in the degree of sexual dimorphism among the
      different dimensions. Variation is considerably higher in the two cebid species
      as reflected by a mosaic pattern of sexual dimorphisms with males being
      significantly larger than females in some dimensions, and females significantly
      larger than males in others. In dimensions of the pectoral girdle and limb bones,
      males and females in each of the two cebid species are essentially scaled
      versions of each other, with males being peramorphic compared to females. This
      pattern is primarily the result of time hypermorphosis, i.e. an extension of the
      growth period in time in males. Rate hypermorphosis, i.e. an increase in the rate
      of growth in time in males, appears to play an additional role, however, in S.
      sciureus. By contrast, in dimensions of the true pelvis, sex differences in shape
      are dissociated from those in size. They are interpreted as the result of
      acceleration, i.e. increase in rate of shape change in females, as an adaptation
      to obstetrical functions. Interspecific analyses indicate positive allometry of
      mean degree of postcranial dimorphism with respect to body size. This coincides
      with previous findings by Leutenegger and Cheverud [1982, 1985] on the scaling of
      sexual dimorphism in body weight and canine size, and thus supports their model
      which posits selection on body size as the prime mover for the evolution of
      sexual dimorphism.

PMID- 4043876
TI  - Kondous laventicus, a new ceboid primate from the Miocene of the La Venta,
      Colombia, South America.
AB  - A new genus and species of fossil primate, Kondous laventicus, part of the
      Miocene La Venta primate fauna of Colombia, South America, is described here for
      the first time. Screening at a new quarry within the Monkey Unit of the Honda
      Formation, the Kyoto Site, has revealed dental remains of this new form of a
      large-sized ceboid. The La Ventan vertebrate fauna is comparable to the Friasian
      Land Mammal Age, indicating a middle Miocene age. Biostratigraphic studies
      suggest a 13.6-15.2 Ma for the Friasian faunal zone. Kondous is most closely
      allied to extant spider monkeys, Ateles, providing the first fossil evidence of
      their phylogeny. It also implies a nearly three-fold discrepancy between the
      molecular and paleontological estimates of the age of the Ateles lineage.

PMID- 4043877
TI  - Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of FD & C Blue No. 2 in mice.
AB  - Charles River CD-1 mice were fed FD & C Blue No. 2 in the diet levels of 0.5, 1.5
      and 5.0% in a long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity study. Each group consisted of
      60 males and 60 females. Two concurrent control groups each of 60 males and 60
      females received the basal diet. Maximum exposure was 23 months. No consistent
      compound-related or statistically significant biologically adverse effects were
      noted.

PMID- 4043879
TI  - Irreversible in vivo binding of thiabendazole to macromolecules in pregnant mice
      and its relation to teratogenicity.
AB  - The binding of [14C]thiabendazole ([14C]TBZ) to macromolecules in the liver,
      foetus and other tissues was investigated in Jcl:ICR mice on day 13 of gestation.
      TBZ suspended in olive oil was given orally in a dose of 1 g/kg body weight (5
      microCi/mouse) and the mice (in groups of three) were killed 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 24 and
      96 hr later. The bound radioactivity in the liver and foetus was at a maximum
      between 3 and 24 hr after treatment. The rate of decrease of the bound
      radioactivity was slower than that of total radioactivity. Bound radioactivity
      was also present in other tissues (including kidney, lung, heart, placenta and
      spleen). The level of bound radioactivity was measured in the liver and foetuses
      after oral administration of teratogenic doses of 200-1600 mg/kg.
      Disproportionate increases in bound radioactivity were observed in both tissues
      after administration of the highest dose.

PMID- 4043878
TI  - Induction of early lesions in the forestomach of rats by 3-tert-butyl-4
      hydroxyanisole (BHA).
AB  - BHA was administered to Wistar rats at a dose level of 2% in a powdered diet for
      periods of 1, 2 and 4 wk. After 1 wk epithelial damage, mild hyperplasia and
      hyperkeratosis of the forestomach mucosa was observed. The hyperplasia and
      hyperkeratosis showed progression at wk 2 and 4 whereas other epithelial defects
      regressed. The lesions were most pronounced in the vicinity of the limiting
      ridge. A further 4 wk of feeding without BHA resulted in a complete regression of
      epithelial defects, although the hyperplastic changes were still apparent. Other
      rats were given 1 g BHA/kg body weight/day by gastric intubation in arachis oil
      for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 days. Increased mitotic activity was observed after 1
      day and mild hyperplasia after the second intubation, but inflammatory response
      and superficial defects were not prominent and the hyperplasia of the squamous
      epithelium did not appear to result from initial damage and subsequent hyper
      regenerative activity. A gradual regression of the hyperplastic changes occurred
      after eight daily intubations. The lesions were found in the apex of the
      forestomach remote from the limiting ridge. It is concluded that BHA incorporated
      in powdered diet or given in arachis oil by oral intubation causes lesions in the
      rat forestomach similar to that reported for BHA given in a pelleted diet (Ito et
      al. J. natn. Cancer Inst. 1983, 70, 343; idem, Gann 1983, 74, 459). The
      hyperplastic changes in the mucosa occur rapidly and their localization is
      dependent on the mode of application. Following withdrawal of the BHA there was
      almost complete regression of the lesion, only a residual mild hyperplasia
      remaining after 4 wk.

PMID- 4043880
TI  - Instant and brewed coffees in the in vitro human lymphocyte mutagenicity test.
AB  - Incubation of instant and 'home brew' coffees (caffeinated and decaffeinated) and
      of coffee aroma with cultured human lymphocytes in the presence and absence of S
      9 increased the number of total aberrations. However, the increase was smaller in
      the presence of S-9 than in its absence. Pure caffeine tested with or without S-9
      at doses equivalent to levels in caffeine-containing coffee did not give
      statistically significant increases of any type of aberration when compared with
      controls. In all in vitro test systems used to date, coffee and coffee aroma or
      their reactive compounds were metabolically deactivated in the presence of S-9.
      This could explain the negative results obtained in mutagenicity assays in vivo.

PMID- 4043881
TI  - Teratological evaluation of picloram potassium salt in rabbits.
AB  - The embryotoxic and teratogenic potential of orally administered picloram
      potassium salt was evaluated in New Zealand white rabbits. Artificially
      inseminated rabbits were given 0, 40, 200 or 400 mg picloram acid equivalent/kg
      body weight/day in the form of picloram potassium salt in aqueous solution on
      days 6 to 18 of gestation. The foetuses were removed for examination on day 29 of
      gestation. Transient weight loss was observed among rabbits given 200 or 400
      mg/kg/day of the test material, though the total weight gain of the treated
      groups during gestation was comparable to that of controls. A few isolated,
      sporadic cases of foetal malformations were observed in the dosed groups, but
      there was no indication of a dose-related embryotoxic or teratogenic response to
      treatment.

PMID- 4043882
TI  - Long-term toxicity of hexachlorobenzene in the rat and the effect of dietary
      vitamin A.
AB  - The toxicological effects of analytical-grade hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were
      examined in two chronic studies. Study I was an in utero exposure carcinogenicity
      feeding experiment in which Sprague-Dawley rats, in groups of 40 males and 40
      females except where noted, were fed from weaning on diets containing 0.0 (64
      M/64 F), 0.32, 1.6, 8.0 or 40.0 (66 M/66 F) ppm HCB. After 3 months on test, the
      F0 rats were bred and 50 pups (F1) of each sex were randomly selected from every
      group. From weaning, when the F0 animals were killed, the F1 animals were fed
      their parents' diet for the rest of their life (130 wk). There were no treatment
      related effects on growth, feed consumption, haematological parameters or
      survival in either generation. Increased heart and liver weights were found in
      the 8.0 and 40 ppm F0 males. HCB had no effect on fertility but pup viability was
      significantly reduced in the 40 ppm group. Histopathological changes in the F1
      generation included significant linear trends in the incidence of parathyroid
      adenomas and phaeochromocytomas in both sexes, neoplastic liver nodules in
      females, centrilobular basophilic chromogenesis of the liver in both sexes,
      peliosis of the liver in females, peribiliary lymphocytosis of the liver in males
      and chronic nephrosis of the kidney in males. In Study II, the toxicological
      effects of HCB were examined as a consequence of varying the dietary levels of
      vitamin A. In this single generation lifetime (119 wk) feeding study, groups of
      50 weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to each of the
      following dietary groups: control, control + 40 ppm HCB, 1/10 the vitamin A
      content of the control diet, 1/10 vitamin A + 40 ppm HCB, 10 times the vitamin A
      content of the control diet and 10 times vitamin A + 40 ppm HCB. After 25 and 49
      wk on test, five animals from each group were killed and subjected to
      haematological and histological examinations. All other aspects of evaluation
      were similar to those for the F1 generation in Study I. No consistent differences
      were observed in the haematological parameters and there were no significant
      differences in the incidence of pathological lesions between the test groups. The
      animals in the 1/10 vitamin A groups, with or without HCB, had significantly
      lower body weights and poorer survival than did their corresponding control
      (normal vitamin A) groups.

PMID- 4043883
TI  - Toxicity and neuropharmacology of cyclopiazonic acid.
AB  - Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was found to have many pharmacological properties in
      common with the antipsychotic drugs chlorpromazine and reserpine. Thus, in mice
      CPA at ip doses of 5-14 mg/kg body weight produced hypokinesia, hypothermia,
      catalepsy, ptosis, sedation without loss of righting reflex, tremor, gait
      disturbance, dyspnoea, opisthotonus, atypical convulsion and prolonged
      barbiturate-induced sleep. The ip LD50 of CPA was found to be 13 +/- 0.05 mg/kg.
      The tremors induced by near-lethal doses of CPA were associated with voluntary or
      forced movements (action tremors); they worsened during the days following
      treatment, but they were weak compared with the exhausting and continuous tremors
      of the whole body caused by 20 mg tremorine/kg (used for comparison). When death
      occurred only 24-259 min after administration of CPA (11-14 mg/kg), it was
      preceded by dypsnoea, cyanosis, opisthotonus and clonic leg movements and tonic
      extension of hind legs (convulsions). When death was delayed (2-6 days after CPA
      administration), it was preceded by prostration, ptosis, hypothermia, tremor and
      cessation of food and water intake resulting in cachexia; convulsions were not
      seen in this group of mice. CPA did not affect the rate of convulsion or death
      caused by either maximal electroshock or metrazol administration but it did delay
      the onset of metrazol-induced seizures. In rabbits, 10 mg CPA/kg body weight
      initially produced tachycardia, tachypnoea and sedation with an activated
      electroencephalogram. Of three rabbits given 10 mg CPA/kg one died, and in this
      rabbit slow delta waves were seen just before and during a brief period with
      clonic leg movements. In this animal death was accompanied by tonic extension of
      the hind legs, respiratory arrest and cardiac fibrillation; and epileptiform EEG
      was not seen at any time. The unexpected EEG activation with sedation in rabbits
      treated with CPA was similar to the effect of reserpine on EEG.

PMID- 4043884
TI  - Isolation and characterization of products from the nitrosation of the alkaloid
      gramine.
AB  - The nitrosation of gramine, a tertiary amine alkaloid present in barley malt, was
      carried out by reaction with sodium nitrite in buffered acetic acid (pH 3.4) for
      1 hr at room temperature. Two major non-volatile products of the nitrosation
      reaction were isolated by preparative HPLC and characterized as indole-3
      carboxylic acid and N1-nitroso-3-nitromethylindole. This interpretation was
      supported by spectral data. The nature of these products indicated that gramine
      did not undergo nitrosation by the expected mechanism of nitrosative
      dealkylation. A mechanism is offered to explain the labile nature of the
      dimethylamino group found in gramine.

PMID- 4043885
TI  - Susceptibilities of drugs to nitrosation under simulated gastric conditions.
AB  - Drugs of differing structures and pharmacological actions have been incubated at
      37 degrees C and pH 2.0 under conditions simulating those within the normal
      fasting stomach. The nitrite concentration (25 microM) was kept as constant as
      possible for 3 hr in an attempt to mimic its in vivo replenishment from the
      saliva. The extents of N-nitrosation varied widely, but were less than those
      observed by Gillatt et al. (Fd Chem. Toxic. 1984, 22, 269) using the WHO
      Nitrosation Assay Procedure, in which the initial nitrite concentration is 40 mM,
      1600 times greater, and the pH (3.0) is close to the optimum for the N
      nitrosation of secondary amines. The highest yield of N-nitroso compound was
      obtained with the benzathine salt of penicillin G whereas some drugs, including
      hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone, produced no detectable N-nitroso
      derivative. The degree of N-nitrosation was consistently reduced when the initial
      nitrite concentration of 25 microM was not replenished during the incubations,
      underlining the importance of simulating the continuous supply of nitrite from
      the saliva. In all instances, the reactions of the drugs with nitrous acid were
      inhibited and, in most cases, completely prevented by the presence of ascorbic
      acid (125 mg).

PMID- 4043886
TI  - The consumption ratio of flavouring materials: a mechanism for setting priorities
      for safety evaluation.
AB  - The toxicological testing of the millions of known chemicals or even the
      thousands of food components is not practical at present. Therefore, priorities
      for testing should be set carefully, to ensure that primary attention is given to
      materials for which risk management can potentially improve public health. Most
      flavouring materials used today by the food industry occur widely in natural and
      traditional foods. A proposed Consumption Ratio (CR) relates the amount of a
      flavouring material found in natural and traditional foods to the amount added to
      food by food processors. A CR above 1 means that the consumption of the
      flavouring material takes place predominantly via traditional food. High CR
      values should establish that the priority ranking for testing these flavouring
      substances needs to be no higher than that for testing the complete foods.

PMID- 4043887
TI  - Monarticular nontraumatic synovitis of the metatarsophalangeal joint: a new
      diagnosis?
AB  - Seven patients presented with forefoot pain in the metatarsal head region, with
      an average age of 57 years, and no history of trauma. Six had pain in the second
      metatarsophalangeal joint, while one patient had pain in the third. Physical
      examination demonstrated generalized thickening of the involved
      metatarsophalangeal joint along with warmth and tenderness to compression. Range
      of motion was decreased in flexion and two patients had a subluxed
      metatarsophalangeal joint. All patients demonstrated some instability of the
      joint with dorsoplantar stress. Palpation of the intermetatarsal space
      demonstrated some evidence of irritation of the common digital nerve. The toe
      demonstrated some thickening. Roentgenograms demonstrated some widening of the
      metatarsophalangeal joint in four of these patients. One patient responded to
      conservative treatment, and the remaining six patients underwent synovectomy. In
      three cases the common digital nerve was resected. Follow-up was 16 months, and
      four of the six patients operated on felt their symptoms were completely
      relieved, one patient felt that the symptoms were improved, and one patient
      believed her surgery was of no benefit. Synovial tissue in all cases revealed
      pathologic changes of chronic synovitis. The etiology of this synovitis is
      unknown. The excessive synovium resulted in the joint thickening, which probably
      accounts for the neuritic symptoms, the generalized thickening of the toe, and
      the instability of the joint. Because of the poor response to conservative
      treatment, perhaps earlier synovectomy is the treatment of choice for this
      entity.

PMID- 4043888
TI  - Three-dimensional imaging of the ankle joint from computerized tomography.
AB  - A computer system was developed to rapidly reconstruct three-dimensional (3D)
      images of bone from computerized tomography scans of the ankle joint. Solid
      models of the bones were produced from the 3D image data through the use of a
      computer numerically controlled milling machine. A cadaver ankle joint was
      scanned, and models of the distal tibia and fibula and dome of the talus were
      made and compared to the actual bone specimens. The measurements of the models
      were within 3 mm or less of the bones in all three planes (average, 1.2 mm or
      5.5%). These 3D images and models of bone should allow better visualization of
      joint pathology and a system for preoperative planning on exact bone models to
      optimize the results of surgery.

PMID- 4043890
TI  - Treatment of symptomatic first metatarsal shortened by surgery.
AB  - There are several complications that can result from shortening of the first
      metatarsal in the treatment of bunion. Metatarsalgia and recurrent deformity can
      be quite disabling. The surgical technique described in this brief report
      provides improved support of the metatarsal heads in walking while decreasing
      pain and enables the patient to stand for longer periods of time. The procedure
      is reserved for salvage of those patients with severe pain and deformity and in
      whom other salvage procedures have failed.

PMID- 4043889
TI  - Arthroscopy of the ankle: technique and normal anatomy.
AB  - The authors present a modified technique of ankle arthroscopy and describe the
      intra-articular anatomy of the ankle joint as it relates to the establishment of
      arthroscopic portals. Cadaveric dissection was used to demonstrate the
      relationship of the tendons and neurovascular structures to the placement of the
      arthroscope. Diagnostic arthroscopy of the ankle can be systematic and
      reproducible when the surgeon is knowledgeable of the intra-articular and extra
      articular anatomy of the ankle and when attention is given to accurate placement
      of the arthroscopic portals and to consistent surgical technique.

PMID- 4043891
TI  - Calcaneal osteomyelitis following steroid injection: a case report.
AB  - A 71-year-old male presented with unremitting heel pain in the region of his
      calcaneal tuberosity. He had been previously treated with steroid injections for
      plantar fasciitis. Diagnostic workup revealed a calcaneal osteomyelitis which was
      treated with a partial calcanectomy. This case underlines the need to rule out
      this expected but previously unreported complication.

PMID- 4043892
TI  - Primary mycetoma infection of the distal tibia secondary to an occult foreign
      body.
AB  - Mycetoma infections of the extremities usually present with characteristic
      cutaneous manifestations of a locally invasive chronic infection. Primary
      mycetoma infection of bone can occur by direct inoculation of the fungus to a
      bony prominence from a penetrating injury. The clinical presentation, the
      surgical management, and the use of oral antifungal agents differentiate primary
      mycetoma of bone from chronic mycetoma infections.

PMID- 4043893
TI  - The risks and benefits of distal first metatarsal osteotomies.
AB  - From a total of 138 patients who initially underwent either Chevron or Mitchell
      distal metatarsal osteotomies, 50 were available with complete pre- and
      postoperative data for study. Chevron osteotomies were performed on 60 feet (41
      patients) and Mitchell osteotomies on 12 (nine patients). The results indicate
      that both procedures provide good or excellent subjective and objective results
      in about 90% of cases. There was no statistically significant difference between
      the procedures as regards the results. Age did not influence the outcome.
      Complications included damage to the proper digital nerve of the great toe in 30%
      indicating either direct injury to the nerve with subsequent neuroma formation or
      indirect injury by nerve entrapment. Osteonecrosis of the first metatarsal head
      occurred following Chevron osteotomies in 12 feet (12 of 60 or 20%) and following
      a Mitchell in one (one of 12 or 8%). However, four of the 10 (40%) patients who
      had a Chevron osteotomy plus a lateral adductor release developed osteonecrosis.
      Osteonecrosis is described and classified into three stages: stage I, the
      precollapse condition; stage II, the collapsed condition; and stage III, the
      osteoarthritic condition. The major causes of failure were preexisting
      osteoarthritis, injury to the dorsal proper digital nerve, and osteonecrosis.
      Theoretically, most of these should be avoidable. Significant metatarsus primus
      varus and MTP osteoarthritis are contraindications to distal metatarsal
      osteotomies. A tourniquet should be routine and the nerve, visualized and
      protected. If a distal osteotomy is performed, a concomitant lateral adductor
      release is contraindicated and stripping of the distal soft tissues should be
      minimal.

PMID- 4043894
TI  - The diagnostic value of postmortem blood glucose determinations in cases of
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In 24 cases of death in diabetic coma the peripheral venous blood showed glucose
      levels exceeding 3.5 mg/ml (mean value 7.76 mg/ml). In a control material of
      deaths of other causes the blood glucose was usually low and often zero, and all
      values were well below the lower limit of the diabetic concentrations. The
      acetone contents of the diabetic blood varied widely and were of limited
      diagnostic value. We conclude that glucose concentrations above 3.5 mg/ml in the
      peripheral blood indicate that death occurred in diabetic coma.

PMID- 4043895
TI  - A fatal poisoning with LSD.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to detect and measure LSD in the first
      reported case of fatal poisoning by LSD. The levels found in ante-mortem serum
      and plasma and in post-mortem blood, liver blood and stomach contents are given.

PMID- 4043896
TI  - Detection of mustard gas bis(2-chloroethyl)-sulfide in urine.
AB  - Extraction procedure and detection of bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide from urine
      samples of two patients are described using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
      Concentrations are found in the low ppb-range. The result is discussed in
      connection with the reactivity of this substance and the corresponding
      metabolites.

PMID- 4043897
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4043898
TI  - [Lipoprotein patterns in gout and hyperuricemia].

PMID- 4043899
TI  - [Measurement of muscle oxygen pressure in healthy subjects and patients with
      arterial occlusive disease].

PMID- 4043900
TI  - [Cost saving and relieving the physician. The American boom in computer-assisted
      ECG evaluation and assessment invades Europe].

PMID- 4043901
TI  - [Significance of the time factor for CCT findings in fully reversible stroke].

PMID- 4043902
TI  - [Progress and new emphasis in neurologic diagnosis and therapy. Modern
      technologies and their clinical effects].

PMID- 4043903
TI  - [Vertigo--hemiplegia--cor pulmonale--shock. Clinico-pathologic conference].

PMID- 4043904
TI  - [Cell nucleus DNA content of female preinvasive neoplasms. Cytophotometric and
      morphologic studies].

PMID- 4043905
TI  - [Hay fever: peroral desensitization as an additional measure].

PMID- 4043906
TI  - [The drug tool should not become blunt. On the problem of self medication from
      the viewpoint of the family physician].

PMID- 4043907
TI  - [Contraception in the mentally handicapped].

PMID- 4043908
TI  - [Partnership, sexuality and contraception in mentally handicapped humans].

PMID- 4043909
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in childhood].

PMID- 4043910
TI  - [Preventive andrology].

PMID- 4043911
TI  - [Adjunctive AV fistula in femoro-crural bypass].

PMID- 4043912
TI  - [Excretory urography--current indications of the status of a conventional
      diagnostic method. Status of nonionic and ionic contrast media].

PMID- 4043913
TI  - [Contribution of computer tomography of the brain to differential typology and
      differential therapy of ischemic cerebral infarct].
AB  - In order to provide a pathogenetically oriented differentiation of brain
      infarctions on the basis of CT-morphological criteria, the CTs of 422 patients
      with visible brain infarctions were analysed. All of the supratentorial lesions
      were classified according to topographical features and were associated with the
      underlying cardio-vascular and other general diseases. This concept lead to a
      typology of brain infarctions which allowed for a differentiation of ischaemic
      lesions due to cerebral microangiopathy on the one hand (i.e. lacunar
      infarctions, subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy), and lesions due to
      cerebral macroangiopathy on the other. The latter were hemodynamically induced
      terminal supply area infarctions and watershed infarctions or territorial
      infarctions due to thromboembolism. A third group of symmetrical subcortical
      lesions were associated with hypoxia. The frequencies of cerebral lesions within
      the whole cohort were as follows: 34% cerebral microangiopathy, 45%
      macroangiopathy, 1% generalised hypoxia, 10% miscellaneous lesions and 10% non
      classifiable infarctions. Stenosing lesions of the extracranial brain supplying
      arteries were found in 22% of the microangiopathy group but in 71% of the
      macroangiopathy group. Patients with territorial infarctions presented with
      embolising extracranial vascular lesions in 42% and with embolising heart disease
      in 21% of the cases. Local thrombosis of the intracranial large arteries was a
      rare event. Hypoxia occurred due to haemorrhagic shock, carbon monoxide
      poisoning, air embolism and strangulation. The following conclusions were drawn:
      In patients with cerebral microangiopathy any procedures aimed at the diagnosis
      and therapy of major vessel disease are not useful. Therapy should follow the
      principles of internal medicine. If haemodynamically induced infarctions are
      present, the clinician's primary task is to look for high grade extracranial
      vessel lesions. Recanalizing techniques (endarterectomy and ECIC-bypass) are the
      main therapeutical strategies. In territorial infarctions the embolising
      extracranial vessel lesions may be haemodynamically non-significant. An intra
      arterial source of emboli should be removed by the vascular surgeon. In younger
      patients, however, and in patients with normal Doppler findings and/or multiple
      territorial infarctions, a cardiac source of emboli is highly probable and its
      diagnosis should be pursued consistently. Bilateral symmetrical ganglionic
      infarctions are indicative of hypoxia and help to exlude other causes of the
      severe neurological disturbances associated with this condition.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4043914
TI  - [Prevention of cerebrovascular circulatory disorders].
AB  - On reviewing the literature, the meaning of risk factors causing stroke as well
      as their therapy or elimination as an effective prevention of cerebro-vascular
      disease is pointed out. Hypertension increases the risk of apoplexy by the
      fourfold, with regard to the diastolic values of blood pressure by the fivefold
      up to the tenfold. Consistent therapy of hypertension decreases significantly the
      incidence of cerebral apoplectic attacks. Manifested diabetes mellitus and even
      reduced glucose tolerance raise the risk of stroke by the threefold, even though
      factors frequently associated with diabetes (hypertension, overweight,
      hyperlipoidaemia) are taken into consideration. Hyperlipidaemia,
      hypercholesteraemia, and hypertriglyceridaemia stipulate an increase of the
      incidence of stroke by the twofold to the threefold. Morbidity rate rises if
      these abnormalities coincide with further risk factors (hypertension, reduced
      glucose tolerance, smoking cigarettes, hypertrophy of left heart-ECG), up to the
      sixfold. Nicotine consumption alone increases the risk of cerebral apoplectic
      attacks in relation to age, by the threefold up to the fivefold. In combination
      with the use of hormonal contraceptive drugs, the risk of morbidity rate in women
      rises to the sevenfold. Overweight of more than 30% aggravates twice the risk of
      stroke. Heart diseases of different kind increase the risk of apoplectic attacks
      by the twofold; in combination with hypertension by the fivefold. The intake of
      oral contraceptive drugs causes an increase of cerebral thrombo-embolic attacks
      by the threefold up to the fivefold, where by a relation to the content of
      oestrogen and to the disturbances of haemorheology is proven.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4043915
TI  - [Postpuncture headache].
AB  - The present study recorded prospectively subjective complaints after lumbar
      puncture as diagnostic procedure (n = 59), spinal - (n = 41) and peridural
      anaesthesia (n = 45) over a time interval of 28 days. Posture dependent headaches
      were never observed following peridural anaesthesis. This result disproves the
      hypothesis of a purely psychogenic origin of postpunctional headache. The
      frequency of occurrence of the postpunctional syndrome was 39% after lumbar
      puncture, but only 4.9% after spinal anaesthesis. The observed difference is due
      to the fact that needles with a smaller diameter are applied in spinal
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 4043916
TI  - [Duration of the effect of acetylsalicylic acid on circulating platelet
      aggregates in cerebral infarct patients].
AB  - The number of "circulating platelet aggregates" was examined in 33 patients who
      had suffered a cerebral infarct. Examination was done before onset of treatment
      with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 2 hours after ASA medication, and 12 hours after
      ASA medication, employing a modification of the platelet function measuring
      method according to the authors Wu and Hoak. The significant increase in the
      number of circulating platelet aggregates, compared with healthy persons, was
      found to be significantly reduced 2 and 12 hours after ASA medication. After 2
      hours, we found in only 6% of the patients an increase in the number of
      circulating platelet aggregates above the mean value + triple (simple) standard
      deviation for n = 71 healthy controls. 12 hours after ASA administration 30% of
      the patients had again passed beyond the liberally defined standard level of the
      method.

PMID- 4043917
TI  - [Effects of impurities on enzyme induction and toxicity in rats treated with
      2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran].

PMID- 4043918
TI  - [Stimulating effect of squalene on fecal excretion of a high toxic 2,3,4,7,8
      pentachlorodibenzofuran (PenCDF) in rats].

PMID- 4043919
TI  - Digital angiocardiography and echocardiography: fundamentals and future aspects.
AB  - Digital techniques of image data acquisition, processing and analysis were
      developed relatively early in cardiology but their broad clinical application
      lags behind the use of similar methods in angiography, even though these
      techniques have shown their advantages in reducing contrast material and X-ray
      dose, in quantitative evaluation of circulatory parameters and in high quality
      real-time electronic image storage. Recent developments in the fields of
      angiocardiographic image acquisition, in image processing and in the design of
      advanced digital processors are reported. The possibilities for an integration of
      echocardiographic imagery (especially of echo contrast studies) into
      angiocardiographic image processing are discussed. Medical and technological
      research is needed to define still more precisely the medical needs and to
      improve the technical means for digital angiocardiography and echocardiography.

PMID- 4043920
TI  - Computerized geometric evaluation of angio- and echocardiographic images.
AB  - Since the first comprehensive computerized videometric systems for quantitative
      assessment of the dynamic morphology and function of the heart have been
      developed, angiocardiographic image generation and computer aided evaluation have
      improved considerably. As a second method for morphological imaging
      echocardiography is also established in cardiology, so that videometry branched
      off into angio- and echocardiometry. In this paper, the common aspects of both
      methods are discussed concerning manual outlining and computerized contour
      representation, additional storage of anatomical landmarks labelled by digits and
      letters, and list-directed automated evaluation of data. It allows standard
      graphical documentations including comparisons of global volumetric and
      functional results for individual patients as well as versatile research
      orientated evaluations of oblique semi-axes, sectorial areas, wall thicknesses,
      shape parameters, spatial orientation and derived global and regional functional
      parameters for patient groups. As an example wall thickness measured from
      echographic long and short axis views and from angiographic projections are
      compared.

PMID- 4043921
TI  - Clinical relevance of video-angiocardiometry in the pediatric age group.
AB  - Routine quantitative assessment of diagnostic angiocardiograms of children with
      congenital heart disease is only practiced by a few groups. General availability
      of high quality computer technology and software as well as the increasing
      surgical treatment of complex congenital heart diseases warrants a critical
      review of the potential of quantitative angiocardiography in the pediatric age
      group. Video techniques allow recording and evaluation of the respective anterior
      posterior and lateral projections side by side on one TV-field, obviating time
      consuming handling of conventional films with separately recorded projections.
      Reproducibility of this observer dependent technique is excellent. The
      statistical error of the clinically important normal values during the period of
      growth is in the range observed for other biological methods and allows
      separation of normal and overloaded ventricles. Angiocardiometric parameters
      quantitatively describing ventricular spatial orientation, shape, size, and
      function characterize overloaded left and right ventricles of simple congenital
      heart diseases. For the assessment of the severity, prognosis, and indication for
      an operation in an individual patient angiocardiometry in most cases adds only
      information which has to be evaluated in conjunction with that of clinical
      examinations and other laboratory techniques. Angiocardiometry is of particular
      value - also for the individual patient - in more complex congenital heart
      diseases for the monitoring of ventricular size and function before and after one
      or more-stage operations. Thus deficiencies of operative methods can be
      delineated and may lead to improvement and introduction of new ones. Application
      of contrast medium and X-ray saving digital subtraction methods, possibly in
      conjunction with semi-automated contour detecting techniques, will allow an even
      more detailed angiocardiometric evaluation with broader acceptance in pediatric
      cardiology.

PMID- 4043922
TI  - Health care innovation in an era of cost containment.

PMID- 4043923
TI  - The illusion of discounts in the health care market.

PMID- 4043924
TI  - Medical education indebtedness: does it affect physician specialty choice?

PMID- 4043925
TI  - Binding of steroid hormones and anabolic agents to bovine sex-hormone binding
      globulin.
AB  - Binding of some selected steroids and anabolic agents to bovine sex-hormone
      binding globulin (SHBG) was investigated. SHBG binding affinities, relative to
      the reference hormone 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, were estimated for the
      compounds. The results demonstrate that binding of steroid hormones to SHBG is
      facilitated by the 17 beta-hydroxyl group, possibly involving hydrogen binding,
      and by the methyl group at C-19 of the steroid moiety. Structural modifications
      at C-17 of a steroid molecule involving esterification, epimerization or
      reduction of the 17 beta-hydroxyl group, or introduction of a bulky 17 alpha
      group have the effect of decreasing the SHBG binding affinity of the steroid
      molecule.

PMID- 4043926
TI  - In vitro steroid secretion by intact bovine ovarian follicles in a superfusion
      system.
AB  - A superfusion system for single intact follicles is described. Bovine follicles
      were superfused for 5 to 10 hours. Progesterone and testosterone secretion was
      stable after an adaptation period of 150 min. A 5-minute stimulation with hCG
      resulted in a 2-fold increase in progesterone secretion. Superfusion for 450
      minutes of 3 small follicles of similar size and in the same ovary next to each
      other showed different secretion patterns of progesterone and testosterone.
      Superfusion for 150 minutes of follicles obtained from 2 pairs of ovaries showed
      that follicular size is not a sufficient criterion to predict the progesterone
      and testosterone secretion pattern. Closeness of follicles (big or small) to a
      corpus luteum did not impair their ability to secrete progesterone and
      testosterone. It is concluded that a superfusion system as has been described in
      this report is an effective and desirable method to study the physiology and
      pathophysiology of single intact follicles.

PMID- 4043927
TI  - Intravenous glucose infusion fails to alter monocyte insulin-binding affinity in
      normal subjects.
AB  - Previous investigations have demonstrated an increase in monocyte insulin
      receptor affinity two and five hours following oral carbohydrate loading. The
      present studies were undertaken to see if intravenous (IV) glucose challenge
      provokes a similar increase in monocyte insulin binding affinity. 25 grams of
      glucose were given to 10 lean normals and monocytes were isolated for 125I
      insulin tracer binding studies (8.4 X 10(-10) M) at 0, 1 and 5 hours after
      glucose loading. The mean data show that monocytes develop a small, statistically
      insignificant increase in insulin-binding affinity one hour after intravenous
      glucose (mean +/- SEM, 7.28 +/- 1.06 ng/ml compared to basal 50% insulin
      displacement value, B50, of 9.25 +/- 1.62 ng/ml). B50 values demonstrated no
      increase in binding affinity at five hours (10.77 +/- 2.22 ng/ml). Prior studies
      have shown a 50 to 70% decrease in B50 following oral glucose, indicating a rapid
      increase in receptor binding affinity after carbohydrate ingestion. In contrast
      the present studies have shown that after IV glucose six normals had no decrease
      in B50 at one or five hours, while the remaining four normals had a 35% decrease
      at one hour but no decrease at five hours. Intravenous glucose loading, unlike an
      oral carbohydrate challenge, fails to provoke an acute, consistent increase in
      monocyte insulin binding affinity at these time points. Elevations in plasma
      glucose and insulin do not by themselves induce the acute increase in receptor
      affinity.

PMID- 4043928
TI  - Chlorpropamide alcohol flushing at high chlorpropamide dose is not specific for
      non-insulin dependent diabetes.

PMID- 4043929
TI  - Effects of five days verapamil administration on serum GH and PRL levels.

PMID- 4043930
TI  - Reduced norepinephrine turnover in interscapular brown adipose tissue of Japanese
      KK mice.

PMID- 4043932
TI  - Pathology of seven mucous cell adenomas of the bronchial glands with particular
      reference to ultrastructure.
AB  - The pathology, including ultrastructure, of seven mucous cell adenomas of the
      bronchial glands is described. They occurred as polypoid intraluminal lesions in
      both male and female patients between the ages of 7 and 55 years (mean 26 years).
      Histologically they were all benign and consisted of predominantly mucus
      secreting cells arranged in acini or ducts or in solid groups. A little squamous
      differentiation was evident in four cases, insufficient in our opinion, to
      justify the term mucoepidermoid tumour. By electron microscopy, many tumour cells
      resembled mucous cells of the bronchial glands, containing typical large mucous
      granules of finely granular, reticular or fibrillated material, and sometimes
      small electron-dense bodies. In four cases some cells showed both secretory
      granules and features of squamous differentiation such as numerous tonofilaments
      and desmosomes. Oncocytic differentiation was seen occasionally.

PMID- 4043931
TI  - An immunopathologic evaluation of lymph nodes from monkey and man with acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome and related conditions.
AB  - Morphology and immunostaining of lymph nodes taken from rhesus monkeys and man
      are compared. The monkeys were inoculated with biologic materials known to
      transmit simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS) and the human
      biopsies were obtained from homosexual men with persistent generalized
      lymphadenopathy syndrome or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The lymph
      nodes from monkey and man share common immunohistochemical features, ranging from
      exhuberant follicular hyperplasia to lymphocyte depletion stage. The follicular
      hyperplasia differed from reactive controls by the larger follicular size and
      disorganization within the follicular centers as well as an increase in the
      number of cells with the T suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype. The lymphocyte
      depletion stage showed a loss of reactive follicles and small T lymphocytes with
      a predominance of mature monocytes/macrophages. Most monkeys and humans with the
      lymphocyte depletion morphology fulfilled the case definitions for AIDS and SAIDS
      while those with follicular hyperplasia usually had 'prodromal' findings. The
      simian agent is associated with alterations in lymph node morphology and
      immunostaining which parallel the changes seen in spontaneous human cases
      supporting a similar pathogenesis for AIDS and SAIDS.

PMID- 4043933
TI  - Expression of MHC Class II antigens by oesophageal epithelium in herpes simplex
      oesophagitis.
AB  - An immunoperoxidase technique with monoclonal antibodies for the identification
      of lymphocyte subsets and MHC Class II antigens was applied to oesophageal
      biopsies from two patients with herpetic oesophagitis. Oesophageal epithelial
      cells were found to express the MHC Class II antigen. The inflammatory infiltrate
      of the lamina propria was composed of both B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.

PMID- 4043934
TI  - Non-conventional chondrosarcomas and chondrogenesis.
AB  - Pattern formation in chondroid development is compared with growth models
      exhibited by mesenchymal and myxoid chondrosarcomas. The results reveal strong
      similarities between mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and normal chondrogenesis. The
      fine vascularization of the tumor lobules of myxoid chondrosarcoma is discussed
      in relation to chondroid differentiation. A common histogenetic approach to the
      interpretation and classification of these neoplasias is proposed.

PMID- 4043935
TI  - Malignant epithelioid schwannoma of superficial soft tissue? A case report with
      immunohistology and electron microscopy.
AB  - Malignant epithelioid schwannoma is a well-defined entity. However epithelioid
      tumours arising other than in a nerve trunk, in a benign nerve sheath tumour or
      in neurofibromatosis are problematical. We describe a case of a nodular tumour of
      the cheek which recurred twice without metastasis. Light microscopy showed an
      amelanotic epithelioid tumour. Immunohistology showed positive staining for
      vimentin and S100 protein and electron microscopy showed distinctive appearances
      suggestive of schwannoma. We discuss the differential diagnosis of the tumour,
      compare it with reported tumours resembling both melanoma and schwannoma and
      conclude that this may be a further example of the distinctive tumour reported as
      "malignant epithelioid schwannoma of superficial soft tissues'.

PMID- 4043936
TI  - Ventures show cooperation with MDs up.

PMID- 4043937
TI  - Hidden costs of staff cuts: suits, lengthy compensation.

PMID- 4043938
TI  - Hospital goods and services to go up in '86: forecast.

PMID- 4043939
TI  - The future of the health care system.

PMID- 4043940
TI  - PPA contracting: a California experience.

PMID- 4043941
TI  - Affluent consumers most discriminating: survey.

PMID- 4043942
TI  - Executive salaries to rise 6.1 percent in '86.

PMID- 4043943
TI  - Hospital emergency departments learn how to make money.

PMID- 4043944
TI  - Administration opposes tax-policy, health-benefit link.

PMID- 4043945
TI  - National leaders meet to push indigent care higher on priority list.

PMID- 4043946
TI  - Uneven effects of wage-index changes divide industry.

PMID- 4043947
TI  - Industrial clinics represent prime targets for hospitals in setting
      diversification strategies, a new survey finds.

PMID- 4043949
TI  - Hospital conference center promotes health education.

PMID- 4043948
TI  - Outpatient sale of materials-management services boosts revenues, promotes
      services to physicians.

PMID- 4043950
TI  - Pathogenesis of "fibrosis" in interstitial pneumonia: an electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - Seven cases in which interstitial fibrosis developed in patients who had acute
      interstitial pneumonia were studied ultrastructurally to elucidate the
      pathogenesis of the interstitial thickening seen by light microscopy.
      Interstitial fibrosis is generally thought to result from fibroblast
      proliferation and collagen deposition, and this mechanism was confirmed. However,
      two additional mechanisms that also contributed to the interstitial thickening
      were identified. One, which was not described previously, involves folding of
      portions of alveolar septa or collapse of entire alveoli and permanent apposition
      of their walls. This process occurred in areas that had been denuded of alveolar
      lining epithelium. Granular pneumocytes attempting to re-epithelialize the
      denuded basal lamina proliferated over the surface of apposed septa, thereby
      combining the folded or collapsed alveoli and forming a single thickened septum.
      The second mechanism involves incorporation of intra-alveolar exudates into
      alveolar septa. It occurred when granular pneumocytes re-epithelialized along the
      luminal surface of intra-alveolar debris overlying denuded alveolar epithelial
      basal laminae. The relative importance of each of these mechanisms in the
      pathogenesis of interstitial fibrosis and their role in the more common chronic
      interstitial pneumonias are unknown. However, their recognition may inspire new
      approaches for the prevention and treatment of interstitial fibrosis.

PMID- 4043951
TI  - Follicular proctocolitis and neuromatous hyperplasia with lymphogranuloma
      venereum.
AB  - Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), a sexually transmitted disease, is caused by
      certain immunotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis. Proctitis due to LGV may be
      histologically indistinguishable from Crohn's disease of the rectum, thereby
      creating a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. The pathologic features found at
      autopsy at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 28 patients in whom LGV had been
      diagnosed clinically were reviewed, with the clinical features, to determine
      whether any of those features could be used to distinguish between LGV and
      Crohn's colitis. The results showed that although many of the pathologic findings
      in the intestines of subjects with LGV were similar to those observed in patients
      with Crohn's disease, the distribution of lesions in the colons of subjects with
      LGV was distinctly different from that observed in patients with Crohn's colitis.
      With LGV, the salient histopathologic lesions consisted of follicular
      lymphohistiocytic-plasma cell infiltrates in the submucosa, muscularis propria,
      and serosa; neuromatous hyperplasia in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses; and
      extensive thickening and fibrosis of the bowel wall. The rectum was uniformly
      involved by these processes and, in addition, had deep ulceration and fissuring,
      while more proximal segments of the colon were generally spared of severe chronic
      inflammation. Thus, the colonic lesions of LGV have a distal left-sided
      predominance, in contrast to the usual right-sided predominance with rectal
      sparing in Crohn's colitis.

PMID- 4043952
TI  - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease: involvement of pulmonary arteries and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Pulmonary vessels from 26 patients with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease were
      studied histologically and morphometrically. In addition to the well-known
      obstruction of veins and venules, pulmonary arteries were also narrowed or
      obliterated in approximately half of the patients. It is unlikely that the
      arterial intimal fibrosis, which was sometimes as severe as the fibrosis in the
      veins, was secondary to the venous obstruction; rather, like the venous
      alterations, it probably resulted from organization of thrombi. It is possible
      that primary damage to the vascular wall elicited thrombosis. Such an injury may
      also have caused the arterialization of the venous walls, a common finding that
      cannot always be explained by distal narrowing of larger veins. Although the
      etiology of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is obscure, it seems increasingly
      likely that multiple noxious agents may induce this condition. In children no
      predilection for either sex has been observed, but in adults, men are affected
      twice as often as women.

PMID- 4043953
TI  - The significance of mitotic rate: a retrospective study of 127 thyroid
      carcinomas.
AB  - The association between mitotic rate and biologic behavior was studied in 127
      cases of thyroid cancer. Based on the observation of 12,700 high-power fields
      (HPF), the mitotic rate varied from 0 to 316 (33.3 +/- 4.9) mitoses/100 HPF.
      Mitotic rate differed among the four types of thyroid cancers and correlated
      inversely with the differentiation of the tumors, being highest (156.8 +/- 32.9)
      in the undifferentiated tumors and lowest (17.3 +/- 2.4) in the papillary tumors.
      By analysis of variance (AOVA), the relations between mitotic rate and the sex or
      age of the patient, maximal diameter of the tumor, and vascular or capsular
      invasion were assessed, but significant relations were not found (r2 = 44.2 per
      cent). Follow-up observation, possible in 74 patients, showed mitotic rate to be
      significantly related to the survival period (Student's t-test; P values ranging
      from 0.02 to 0.05). The patients who were alive five and ten years after surgery
      had had lower mitotic rates than those who had died during the same follow-up
      period. The correlation of low mitotic rate with a high degree of differentiation
      and low potential for invasion might, in part, explain the better surgical cure
      rates for papillary thyroid carcinoma than for other types of thyroid cancers.

PMID- 4043955
TI  - Coexisting juvenile polyps and tubulovillous adenoma of colon with carcinoma in
      situ: report of a case.
AB  - The coexistence of juvenile and adenomatous polyps is confirmed by the present
      case of a 17-year-old girl who had two juvenile polyps and a tubulovillous
      adenoma of the colon with carcinoma in situ, a clinically benign lesion. The
      relation between the juvenile and adenomatous processes and the risk of the
      development of colonic carcinoma in such cases remain ill defined.

PMID- 4043954
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma classification: ultrastructural morphometric studies for
      the quantification of nuclear compartments in situ.
AB  - The condensed chromatin distribution in the nuclei of lymphocytes in non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a key element, along with nuclear size and shape, in
      the classification of this disease for therapeutic and prognostic purposes. This
      report describes the ultrastructural comparative quantification of the condensed
      chromatin and the interchromatinic (nuclear matrix or euchromatin) region in the
      nuclei of mitogen-stimulated human peripheral T lymphocytes and mouse spleen B
      lymphocytes, human germinal center lymphocytes, and lymphocytes in ten cases of
      NHL of a variety of subtypes. The sequential morphologic nuclear changes induced
      in lymphocytes by mitogens are reflected in human germinal center lymphocyte
      populations. The common features include the changes in the distribution and
      volume of condensed chromatin aggregates, as well as the fact that the major
      increments in nuclear volume during lymphocyte transformation result from
      increases in the volume of the interchromatinic region. In all subtypes of NHL
      analyzed morphometrically, subpopulations of lymphocytes were identified in which
      mean nuclear, condensed chromatin, and interchromatinic volumes were more or less
      equivalent to those of normal lymphocyte subsets in germinal centers in reactive
      hyperplasia. However, in NHL the abnormal cytologic characteristics of the
      nucleus result, at least in part, from a complex interplay of condensed chromatin
      distribution and amount, and the size of the interchromatinic region. Further
      complexity is introduced by the fact that in NHL these two nuclear compartments
      can independently be normal, increased, or reduced in size. Morphometric
      quantification of lymphocytes in NHL indicates that the interchromatinic (matrix)
      region of the nucleus is the key element in establishing the nuclear volume of
      neoplastic lymphocytes. The structural and functional, ribonucleoprotein
      interchromatinic region of the nucleus was visualized in normal and neoplastic
      lymphocytes by regressive uranyl-EDTA staining. Quantitative morphometric
      analysis indicates that the cytologic appearance of neoplastic lymphocytes, even
      within subtypes of NHL, is heterogeneous and that condensed chromatin quantity
      and distribution may be more critical than nuclear size in distinguishing between
      certain subtypes of NHL. Improvements in the classification of NHL will occur
      only with understanding of the alterations in the biologic mechanisms controlling
      gross nuclear organization and the morphologic events of the various
      differentiation pathways available to antigen-stimulated lymphocytes.

PMID- 4043956
TI  - Congenital generalized fibromatosis causing spinal cord compression.
AB  - An unusual case of congenital generalized fibromatosis in which involvement of
      the spinal dura mater was accompanied by flaccid paralysis in the lower limbs is
      presented.

PMID- 4043957
TI  - Water-clear-cell hyperplasia mimicking parathyroid adenoma.
AB  - The case of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism in whom water-clear-cell
      hyperplasia (WCCH) involved only the superior glands, and disproportionately so,
      is presented. In addition, unlike the cases of WCCH described previously, a rim
      of normal parathyroid tissue was observed at the periphery of each gland in this
      case. It is speculated that these findings are not necessarily peculiar, but may
      reflect an earlier stage of the disease. Such cases may mimic parathyroid
      adenoma, thereby leading to inadequate surgical therapy.

PMID- 4043958
TI  - Specificity of CEA and primary germ layers.

PMID- 4043959
TI  - Primary acquired melanosis.

PMID- 4043960
TI  - Vasculitis and connective tissue disease syndromes.

PMID- 4043961
TI  - Brown fat and adrenal pheochromocytoma: association or coincidence?

PMID- 4043962
TI  - A biochemical and immunological approach to the identification of H-Y antigenic
      proteins secreted from Daudi cells.
AB  - Conditioned culture medium from Daudi cells was used as a source of soluble H-Y
      antigen. Concentrated culture medium was labeled with 125I and then fractionated
      by gel filtration. Column fractions were assayed for the presence of H-Y antigen
      by urease-ELISA. H-Y antigen-containing fractions were then pooled and subjected
      to an improved immunoprecipitation protocol. Three predominant H-Y antigenic
      proteins were identified with estimated molecular weights of above 200,000,
      50,000, and 20,000.

PMID- 4043963
TI  - A 45,X male with evidence of a translocation of Y euchromatin onto chromosome 15.
AB  - A 19-year-old male with azoospermia was found to have a 45,X karyotype with
      additional euchromatic material on 15p. The parents' karyotypes are normal. The
      cytogenetic data, the positive H-Y-typing, and the presence of Yp-specific
      restriction fragments detected in the proband's genome by molecular DNA probes
      suggest that the short arm of the Y chromosome, including part of the centromere,
      is translocated onto the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) of chromosome 15.

PMID- 4043964
TI  - N-Acetylneuraminic acid storage disease.
AB  - Increased amounts of free sialic acid were found in body fluids, leukocytes,
      cultured fibroblasts, and liver tissue of a four-year-old boy with mental
      retardation, ataxia, and clinical and radiologic findings of a mild
      mucopolysaccharidosis. A diagnosis of Salla disease was made though in contrast
      to earlier reports, recurrent upper respiratory infections and hepatosplenomegaly
      were present already in infancy, and skeletal abnormalities of dysostosis
      multiplex were found in early childhood. Free sialic acid in the urine was
      identified as N-acetylneuraminic acid by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Sialidase
      activities were normal. Increased amounts of bound sialic acid were found in
      liver and cultured fibroblasts and were attributed to an intracellular inhibition
      of sialyloligosaccharide-degrading neuraminidase by excessive amounts of free
      neuraminic acid. The molecular basis of N-acetylneuraminic acid storage disease
      is unknown but may be related to a defective transport mechanism preventing
      neuraminic acid from leaving the lysosomal compartment.

PMID- 4043965
TI  - A craniosynostosis in a boy with a del(7)(p15.3p21.3): assignment by deletion
      mapping of the critical segment for craniosynostosis to the mid-portion of 7p21.
AB  - A tiny interstitial deletion of 7p was found in a 5-month-old boy with a
      craniosynostosis and many anomalies. His karyotype was 46,XY,del(7)(p15.3p21.3).
      Here we present not only further evidence of an association between
      craniosynostosis and 7p monosomy, but also deletion mapping to indicate that the
      critical segment for craniosynostosis lies in the mid-portion of 7p21, that is at
      7p21.2 or the proximal part of 7p21.3.

PMID- 4043966
TI  - Mapping of human thyroglobulin gene on the long arm of chromosome 8 by in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - We report the structural organization of a segment of the human thyroglobulin
      gene, located 70kb from the 3' end of the gene, containing the exons 8 and 9
      starting from the 3' end. Selected probes from this region have been used for the
      chromosomal mapping of the thyroglobulin gene by in situ hybridization
      techniques. Only one site in the human haploid karyotype is labeled with the
      genomic DNA probes. Twenty percent of the grains are localized on the long arm of
      chromosome 8, mostly in the subregion q-2-23 q-2-24 of the long arm of chromosome
      8. The localization of the autoradiographic grains suggests a subregional
      assignment of the human thyroglobulin gene locus to 8q 2-23 or 8q 2-24.

PMID- 4043967
TI  - Rapid method for the diagnosis of partial adenine phosphoribosyltransferase
      deficiencies causing 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis.
AB  - More than half of the Japanese patients with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis
      only partially lack adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), while all the
      Caucasian patients with the same disease completely lack the enzyme. APRT
      activities in healthy heterozygotes for the complete APRT deficiencies were at
      the same levels as the Japanese patients, and simple enzyme assay does not
      distinguish between these two conditions. We have previously shown, using viable
      T-cells, that the enzyme was non-functional in the cells from the Japanese
      patients although they contain considerable APRT activities in the cell extracts.
      In the present investigations, we devised a rapid method using erythrocytes for
      the diagnosis of partial APRT deficiencies accompanied by severe impairment in
      adenine metabolism causing 2,8-dihydroxyadenine lithiasis. Thus, erythrocytes
      from three different families with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis associated
      with partial APRT deficiencies incorporated only minimal amounts of radioactive
      adenine, while normal erythrocytes incorporated significant amounts. These data
      indicate that severe impairment in adenine metabolism is shown not only in viable
      T-cells but also in viable erythrocytes. The present procedures provide a rapid
      method suitable for routine clinical use for the diagnosis of partial APRT
      deficiencies causing 2,8-dihydroxyadenine lithiasis.

PMID- 4043968
TI  - Analysis of crossing-over in a family with translocation 9;10 involving a
      chromosome 9 with a pericentric inversion.
AB  - The presence of two markers on chromosome 9, both a balanced reciprocal
      translocation and an inversion, allows morphologic demonstration of recombination
      between the normal and rearranged homologues. In the family under discussion 50%
      of the progeny studied (two of four) received a translocated 9 without the
      inversion from a parent with a translocated and inverted 9, indicating crossing
      over between members of the chromosome 9 pair. Thus the morphology of the
      chromosomes allows a recombinant event which is normally invisible to be seen
      cytologically. Theoretically after crossing-over the balanced reciprocal
      translocation heterozygote results from adjacent-1 segregation and unbalanced
      derivative chromosome combinations from alternate segregation. Therefore it
      cannot be assumed that the balanced progeny necessarily result from alternate
      segregation and the unbalanced from adjacent-1. The prenatal diagnostic studies
      presented in this report also show that chromosome analysis of other family
      members is required when the recombination between homologues produces
      differences in chromosome morphology between parent and fetus.

PMID- 4043969
TI  - An unusual translocation 46,XX,t(14;17)(q33.2;p11.2) in a woman with recurrent
      spontaneous abortions.

PMID- 4043970
TI  - Further segregation analysis of the fragile X syndrome with special reference to
      transmitting males.

PMID- 4043971
TI  - Microbiological and serological study of non-gonococcal urethritis with special
      reference to Mycoplasma genitalium.
AB  - Twenty-two men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), 19 with gonorrhoea, and 22
      without urethritis were examined for various micro-organisms. Chlamydia
      trachomatis was isolated from the urethra of 45% of men with NGU, 21% of those
      with gonorrhoea, but from none without urethritis. Ureaplasma urealyticum but not
      Mycoplasma hominis was recovered from a larger proportion of men with NGU than
      from those in the other groups. M genitalium was isolated presumptively from 32%
      of men with NGU, 12% of those with gonorrhoea, from 10% of men without
      urethritis, and from 42% of the men with NGU from whom chlamydiae were not
      isolated. U urealyticum, M hominis, and M genitalium were sought also in the
      rectum of men in the three groups. The first two micro-organisms were confined
      almost exclusively to homosexual men, whereas M genitalium was apparently not
      restricted in this way and was found particularly in this site in men with NGU.
      The latter mycoplasma may be a resident primarily of the intestinal tract. A
      fourfold or greater rise in the titre of antibody to C trachomatis was detected
      in about 20% of the patients with NGU, but not in other men. A similar rise in
      the titre of antibody to M genitalium was seen in 29% of the patients with NGU
      and in 12% of those without urethritis. A concomitant antibody response to M
      pneumoniae, which is antigenically related to M genitalium, was seen in one
      patient only. The responses to M genitalium suggest infection by this mycoplasma
      and indicate the need for further serological studies.

PMID- 4043972
TI  - Cryotherapy in the management of cervical ectopy.
AB  - Sixty-five patients with benign ectopy of the uterine cervix were treated by
      cryosurgery in the departments of genitourinary medicine at St Luke's Hospital,
      Bradford, and the Airedale General Hospital, West Yorkshire, without analgesia or
      anaesthesia. A symptomatic cure rate of 98% was achieved. There were no serious
      complications. This treatment is considered to be appropriate in genitourinary
      clinics in the United Kingdom as these have routine screening procedures for
      various genital infections.

PMID- 4043973
TI  - Condylomata acuminata in children: report of four cases.
AB  - Four cases of condylomata acuminata in children (two boys, two girls) are
      reported. Three children had perianal warts and one vulvar warts. One of the four
      children had been sexually assaulted, but a history of sexual contact was absent
      in the other three. Surgical excision was undertaken in one case and the others
      responded well to the local application of 25% podophyllin in benzoin tincture
      compound. In the absence of sexual contact, a non-coital mode of transmission of
      infection could be a possibility.

PMID- 4043974
TI  - Colonisation of the urethra with Streptococcus pneumoniae: a case report.
AB  - A 25 year old man developed mild urethritis and urethral colonisation with
      Streptococcus pneumoniae five days after a single orogenital sexual contact. The
      diagnosis was suspected because of the appearance of Gram positive diplococci in
      the urethral exudate. The incidence of urethral infection with S pneumoniae is
      not known. Pneumococci are unlikely to grow on the routine selective media used
      to identify Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 4043975
TI  - Knowledge and acceptance of sex education at Agbo-Oba, Ilorin, Kwara State,
      Nigeria.

PMID- 4043976
TI  - [The role of pediatric assistants in health education].
AB  - France has a category of health workers called auxiliary paediatric nurse (APN)
      who takes care of children from zero to six years of age. APNs play a very
      important role in the child's development since they feed him, wash him, play
      with him and look after him while he sleeps. Most of the time, however, they are
      not aware of the important psychological role they play and consider themselves
      only responsible for good hygiene. The author suggests that APNs should be taught
      during their training to make a number of psychological observations relating to
      the child's development and emotional life. It is important that APNs be also
      trained as health educators, a task they have to perform every day.

PMID- 4043977
TI  - [Education for health in France. New data for an improved strategy].
AB  - Until recently there was a dearth of reliable statistics in France which hampered
      the implementation of prevention programmes. To remedy this situation, the
      government created in 1981 monitoring regional stations and requested a regular
      report on the health of the nation. The first such report entitled Health in
      France has just been published. It contains data on morbidity and mortality which
      will enable public health administrators to develop new strategies for preventive
      actions and health education.

PMID- 4043978
TI  - Transferrin C subtypes and rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Transferrin C subtypes were studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      and controls. A significant association was found between the C2 type and RA.
      This association concerned mainly male patients and patients with a family
      history of polyarthritis. The results were discussed in relation to previous
      studies of the role of oxygen free radicals in the pathogenesis of RA and to a
      recently proposed hypothesis that the TfC2 gene confers an increased risk for
      cellular damage by hydroxyl radicals.

PMID- 4043979
TI  - Genetic linkage analysis of the carpal tunnel syndrome.
AB  - Two generations of a family with autosomal dominant carpal tunnel syndrome were
      studied for genetic linkage to 20 informative polymorphic blood markers. No
      linkage was demonstrated between the syndrome and the markers tested; exclusion
      of close linkage (lod score less than -2.0) was found for MNSs, ACP, GALT, GPT,
      GLO, Hp, Gc, and Pi.

PMID- 4043980
TI  - A two-step test for the heterogeneity of Fst values at different loci.
AB  - Under genetic drift and in the absence of selection, the Fst values are expected
      to be equal at all loci, and heterogeneity among such values is considered as an
      evidence for different systematic pressures affecting the different genetic
      systems considered. A two-step test is here proposed. Fst values at various loci
      are classified into two nonarbitrary groups through the analysis of the
      association between pairs of genetic and environmental variables; the
      heterogeneity is then assessed by Wilcoxon's two-sample test. Estimation of the
      theoretical variance of Fst, which causes major shortcomings in the test proposed
      by Lewontin and Krakauer in 1973, is thus avoided.

PMID- 4043981
TI  - Within- and between-zygosity variance in oral traits among US and Punjabi twins.
AB  - Cross-cultural comparison of twin variances reveals widespread heterogeneity
      among zygosities for dental occlusal traits, implying various biases in
      calculation of genetic variance or heritability estimates. These estimates are
      fairly robust for dental size traits, however. Differences in pattern between
      Punjabi (Northwest Indian) and American twins highlight the environmental
      differences that affect heritability determinations.

PMID- 4043982
TI  - Comparison of two preliminary methods of quantitative linkage analysis.
AB  - Two methods of quantitative linkage analysis were evaluated as screening tests
      for the presence of major genes that influence the expression of a quantitative
      trait. Our analyses of computer-simulated pedigree data indicate that both
      methods can be very informative in providing evidence for major genes.

PMID- 4043984
TI  - Human chromosomal heteromorphisms in Delhi newborns. II. Analysis of C-band size
      heteromorphisms in chromosomes 1, 9 and 16.
AB  - Quantitative analysis of C-band size heteromorphisms in chromosomes 1,9 and 16
      was carried out in 200 Delhi newborns (100 males and 100 females). The percent
      size heteromorphisms for chromosomes 1,9 and 16 showed nonsignificant differences
      between the sexes. Homozygous size level combinations showed higher incidence
      than the heterozygous combinations for all the three chromosome pairs studied in
      both sexes. Our results are compared with other reported studies and the possible
      role of these heteromorphisms in ethnic/racial variation and in developmental
      disturbances is discussed.

PMID- 4043983
TI  - Glutathione reductase deficiency in association with sickle cell and thalassaemia
      genes in Saudi populations.
AB  - Glutathione reductase (GR) deficiency is reported to occur with a variable
      frequency in some populations of the world. In this study, the populations of two
      regions of Saudi Arabia which have a high frequency of sickle cell, thalassaemia
      and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, were screened for GR
      deficiency. Studies were also carried out to investigate the frequency of GR
      deficiency with other genetic blood disorders. The frequencies of complete GR
      deficiency were 0.0065 and 0.006, while those of partial deficiency were 0.146
      and 0.074 in Al-Hafouf and Khaiber, respectively. GR deficiency was encountered
      in combination with the sickle gene, the G-6-PD deficiency gene and the
      thalassaemia gene in both regions. Individuals with GR deficiency showed slightly
      reduced haematological parameters. In thalassaemic/GR-deficient subjects, mean
      cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin were low, while in sickle cell anaemia
      patients with GR deficiency the haematological parameters were higher than in
      sickle cell anaemia patients without GR deficiency.

PMID- 4043985
TI  - Distribution of transferrin C subtypes among the Bedouin and non-Bedouin
      populations of Jordan.
AB  - The distribution of transferrin C subtypes was studied in the population of
      Jordan. The sample comprised 121 Bedouins and 382 other Jordanians from Amman.
      The frequency of TfC2 was found to be 0.26 among the Bedouins and 0.23 among the
      non-Bedouin population. TfD was present in low frequency (0.005) among both the
      Bedouin and non-Bedouin populations.

PMID- 4043986
TI  - Gene frequencies of plasminogen in Switzerland.
AB  - Plasminogen (PLG) polymorphism was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis and
      immunofixation in 308 unrelated individuals from Switzerland. The gene
      frequencies observed were: PLG 1 = 0.69, PLG 2 = 0.28, and rare alleles = 0.03.

PMID- 4043987
TI  - Placental-soluble aconitase polymorphism in Japanese.
AB  - Polymorphism of soluble aconitase was investigated in 152 Japanese placentae. The
      allelic frequencies were ACONS1 = 0.951 and ACONS2 = 0.049. ACONS2 appears to be
      rather high among Orientals including Japanese, while ACONS4 seems to be
      characteristic for Negroids.

PMID- 4043988
TI  - Monoclonal antibody to a highly glycosylated protein reacts in fixed tissue with
      melanoma and other tumors.
AB  - A highly glycosylated protein with a molecular weight of 30,000 to 60,000 and a
      protein core of 20,000 daltons has been identified by antimelanoma monoclonal
      antibodies. The antigenicity of this melanoma-associated glycoprotein (MAG) was
      not destroyed in fixed paraffin-embedded melanoma tissue, and was present in
      malignant cells of cutaneous superficial spreading melanomas in skin (31/33) and
      in half of all metastatic melanomas examined (5/10). The antigen was not
      expressed by normal melanocytes. The strong reactivity of dysplastic nevi with
      the anti-MAG antibodies was comparable to that seen in radial growth phase
      melanoma. Antigen expression was much weaker in compound nevi where reactivity
      ranged from moderate in the junctional component and the upper dermis to absent
      at the base of the nevus.

PMID- 4043989
TI  - Inadequacy of traditional ELISA for screening hybridoma supernatants for murine
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Hybridomas producing anti-creatine kinase (CK) and anti-lactate dehydrogenase
      (LDH) antibodies were screened by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) with
      antigen coated onto plastic wells. Out of seven antibodies positive for each
      isoenzyme of CK, four antibodies failed to bind to the radiolabeled antigen in
      solution phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) or native antigen in competitive ELISA.
      Moreover, out of nine antibodies shown reactive with LDH-1 and seven antibodies
      binding to LDH-5 by ELISA, not a single antibody bound to either radiolabeled or
      native antigen in solution. Our results along with other recent studies strongly
      suggest that antigen conformation on solid phase may frequently be different from
      in solution and that screening by ELISA in which antigen is attached to solid
      phase is often inappropriate for determining the presence of useful monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 4043990
TI  - The in vitro activity of lectin I from mistletoe (ML I) and its isolated A and B
      chains on functions of macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells.
AB  - We investigated the effects of ML I and its isolated chains, A and B, in regard
      to selected functions of phagocytes (human granulocytes, paraffin-oil stimulated
      M phi from guinea pigs). On these cells, ML I has no cytotoxic effect between 10(
      14) and 10(-8) (trypan blue exclusion and ethidium bromide exclusion). Over the
      same concentration range, ML I and B chain diminish the negative surface charge
      of M phi and agglutinate M phi at concentrations greater than or equal to 2 X 10(
      8) M (ML I) and greater than or equal to 3 X 10(-7) M (B chain), respectively.
      The diminishing of the negative surface charge shows two peaks, indicating the
      existence of two types of receptors on the M phi surface with different
      affinities for sugar-binding sites. Moreover, the B chain shows a third peak at
      higher concentrations (3 X 10(-8) M) that could be inhibited by D-galactose
      (greater than or equal to 10(-4) M). In comparison, the A chain reduces the
      surface charge at concentrations over 3 X 10(-7) M, but D-galactose has no effect
      on this. By means of the agarose droplet test, the spontaneous migration of M phi
      is inhibited in the sequence ML I much greater than B chain greater than A chain.
      The phagocytic activity of human leukocytes tested with a radiometric
      phagocytosis technique reveals an increasing effect only for the B chain; ML I
      and the A chain have no effect. Perhaps the mechanism of the described activities
      of ML I and its B chain are comparable with the action of lymphokines activating
      M phi.

PMID- 4043991
TI  - Cell shape of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is influenced by opioids.
AB  - The effects of beta-endorphin(beta-End), an endogenous opioid, were tested in
      vitro on shape changes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Cell shape changes
      indicate alterations of the functional status of the cells. Within 2 min, beta
      End but not the opioid alkaloid levorphanol or the antagonist, diprenorphine,
      induced a cell spreading. Subsequently, beta-End and levorphanol (10(-8) M), but
      not the dextrorotatory isomer, stimulated an elongation of the cells. Both
      effects of beta-End could be antagonized by diprenorphine in an equimolar
      concentration. Thus, the effects were stereo-specific and antagonizable. In this
      test system, the morphological changes evoked by beta-End were equal to the
      effects of FMLP, a chemotactic substance, used as a reference. Our findings
      indicate that endogenous opioids might play a role in modulating the initial
      phase of the PMNs' offensive behaviour, presumably cell adherence and motility.

PMID- 4043992
TI  - Polymorphism of the fourth complement component in the dog.
AB  - The polymorphism of the fourth complement component was studied in 118 unrelated
      dogs from different breeds and 73 unrelated beagles. In the mixed breed
      population, five different variants were observed with the following gene
      frequencies: C4*1 = 3.9%; C4*2 = 13.6%; C4*21 = 6.0%; C4*3 = 9.0% and C4*4 =
      51.1%. In beagles, only four variants could be identified with gene frequencies
      of C4*2 = 24.2%; C4*21 = 1.4%; C4*3 = 20.6% and C4*4 = 46.3%. In both populations
      analyzed positive linkage disequilibria between certain DLA antigens and C4
      variants were recognized. The biochemical analysis of the canine C4 revealed a
      double-banding pattern for the C4 alpha chain which gives preliminary evidence
      for two gene loci encoding for the fourth complement component in the dog.

PMID- 4043994
TI  - Differences in surface antigen expression of human fibroblasts cultured from bone
      marrow compared with those obtained from skin and embryo lung tissue.
AB  - We have described the optimal conditions for the culture of human fibroblast
      cells from whole bone marrow aspirates and have shown that these fibroblasts
      differ in surface markers from those obtained from the skin and embryo lung
      tissue. All three fibroblast types express HLA class 1 antigens, together with an
      antigen found on T cells, granulocytes, white matter of brain and breast
      epithelial cells, but none of them expressed HLA class 2 antigens. In addition,
      skin fibroblasts expressed an antigen found on common acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia cells, while bone marrow fibroblasts expressed an antigen found on
      human natural killer cells. Hence, all three types of fibroblasts can be
      separated on the basis of their surface markers, thereby suggesting a difference
      in maturation pathways.

PMID- 4043993
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies which react with lymphocyte-lysed target cells and which
      cross-react with complement-lysed ghosts.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a human natural killing system and
      screened against targets lysed either by human lymphocytes in antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), or by human complement. Two monoclonals were
      identified which bound specifically to both types of killed targets. More
      detailed studies with one antibody showed that it inhibited ADCC, both as intact
      antibody and as the F(ab')2 fragment. Intact antibody enhanced natural (NK)
      killing, although the F(ab')2 fragment inhibited NK killing. The data support the
      hypothesis that lymphocyte-mediated killing involves a complex analogous in
      nature to the complement membrane attack complex. In addition, the antibodies
      provide evidence to suggest that this complex has antigenic determinants in
      common with the complement membrane attack complex, and indicate the possibility
      that the two systems are derived from a common ancestor.

PMID- 4043995
TI  - Immunological responses to monoassociated Bifidobacterium longum and their
      relation to prevention of bacterial invasion.
AB  - After monoassociation of Bifidobacterium longum with germ-free BALB/c mice (nu/+,
      heterozygous to nu gene), B. longum was recovered (10(2)-10(4) viable units per
      organ) from the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and kidneys for 2 weeks post
      intragastric inoculation, but not after 4 weeks and later. Cessation of bacterial
      translocation was not observed in monoassociated nude (nu/nu) mice. Anti-B.
      longum IgA antibody was detected by ELISA using B. longum cell wall antigen in
      bile from Week 1 and in ileac wall extract from Week 8 post-association in both
      nu/+ and nu/nu mice. Total IgA levels in bile, ileac wall extract and caecal
      contents were also elevated in both mice after monoassociation. Cell-mediated
      immunity measured by the footpad test and macrophage migration inhibition test
      using B. longum protein fraction was detected in nu/+ mice in Week 4 and later,
      but not in nu/nu mice. Nu/nu mice reconstituted 4 weeks prior to monoassociation
      with lymphocytes from flora bearing nu/+ mice developed delayed footpad
      reactivity and bacterial translocation stopped after 4 weeks. Cell-mediated
      immunity rather than IgA antibody correlated well with the cessation of
      translocation.

PMID- 4043996
TI  - Prevention of oral tolerance induction to ovalbumin and enhanced antigen
      presentation during a graft-versus-host reaction in mice.
AB  - Systemic hyporesponsiveness after ingestion of a protein antigen (oral tolerance)
      depends on antigen processing by the gut and the actions of immunoregulatory T
      cells. We have examined the effects of a graft-versus-host reaction (GvHR) on
      oral tolerance, since both immune status and intestinal function are altered in
      GvHR. The GvHR was induced in unirradiated (CBA X BALB/c)F1 mice by
      intraperitoneal injection of CBA spleen cells. The tolerance of systemic humoral
      immunity and of delayed-type hypersensitivity normally found in mice fed 25 mg
      ovalbumin (OVA) was partially abrogated from 1 to 3 weeks after induction of the
      GvHR. In addition, mice with GvHR had a persistent enhancement of systemic
      immunity to OVA, and this was associated with an augmented ability of spleen
      cells to present OVA to primed T cells. The phagocytic activity of the
      reticuloendothelial system, as established by carbon clearance tests, was not
      altered by the GvHR. These findings suggest that enhanced antigen-presenting cell
      activity interferes with the induction of oral tolerance, and may be another
      pathogenetic mechanism of intestinal hypersensitivity disease.

PMID- 4043998
TI  - [Clinico-experimental studies on the use of hyaluronic acid in skin healing
      processes. Preliminary data].

PMID- 4043997
TI  - Effect of specific IgG on IgE-induced systemic anaphylaxis in the rabbit.
AB  - Immunization of rabbits as neonates and periodically thereafter has been shown to
      induce the long-term preferential production of specific IgE antibodies. Specific
      IgG antibodies are not detected in the majority (greater than 70%) of rabbits
      when classical immunological detection techniques are used, including
      heterologous PCA in guinea-pig skin. Nevertheless, in this study we demonstrate
      that all rabbits neonatally immunized to the antigen horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      do produce low levels of specific IgG antibody detectable by an ELISA technique.
      Serum levels of anti-HRP IgG were found to be log normally distributed, with a
      geometric mean for the heterologous PCA-negative sera of 31.6 X/divided by 2.69
      micrograms/ml. Serum anti-HRP IgE levels (log2 homologous PCA titres) are
      bimodally distributed. Specific IgG and IgE levels in individual rabbits have a
      significant direct relationship. Six heterologous PCA-negative and seven
      heterologous PCA-positive rabbits were challenged intravenously with HRP. All of
      the respiratory and circulatory alterations typical of IgE anaphylaxis occurred
      in every challenged rabbit. Regression analysis of percentage changes in the
      physiological variables vs log specific IgE level indicated that none of the
      changes was either directly or inversely related to the specific IgG levels. Also
      the mean changes of the heterologous PCA-positive vs negative rabbits did not
      differ significantly. Thus, we could find no evidence for either a blocking or
      enhancing effect of the specific IgG antibodies (range 10-529 micrograms/ml
      serum) on the IgE-induced anaphylactic reaction.

PMID- 4043999
TI  - [Therapeutic activity of a hydrocortisone-carbamide (urea) combination in
      hyperkeratotic and/or desquamative dermatitis].

PMID- 4044000
TI  - [The problem of compliance in physician-patient relations].

PMID- 4044001
TI  - [Recent advances with regard to the etiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis].

PMID- 4044002
TI  - [Clinical, histological and statistical study of primary skin melanomas (300)
      observed in the four-year period 1980-1983].

PMID- 4044003
TI  - [Urticarial vasculitis].

PMID- 4044004
TI  - [Natural cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes in children with atopic dermatitis].

PMID- 4044006
TI  - [Lichen nitidus. Considerations on 2 clinical cases].

PMID- 4044005
TI  - [A case of Waardenburg-Klein syndrome].

PMID- 4044007
TI  - [Furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis].

PMID- 4044009
TI  - [Nickel: a ubiquitous hapten].

PMID- 4044008
TI  - [The half and half nail phenomenon in uremic patients. Clinical and
      epidemiological study].

PMID- 4044010
TI  - [Erythrocyte filtration in alopecia areata].

PMID- 4044011
TI  - Decreased natural killer cell activity after prolonged administration of
      interferon in cancer patients.
AB  - Two patients with metastatic neoplastic disease received 2-3 X 10(6) IU alpha
      recombinant interferon (IFN) 3 times/wk, every other week, for 3-6 mth. The
      natural killer (NK) activity of their peripheral blood leukocytes, was followed
      during the course of the treatment. A significant decrease was observed in the NK
      activity, which returned to normal values at the end of IFN administration. The
      treatment did not modify the evolution of metastasis.

PMID- 4044012
TI  - Murine monoclonal antibodies which recognize adenosine deaminase from calf,
      mouse, rat and man.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies against calf adenosine deaminase were obtained from
      mice. All three strongly cross-react with the rat and human forms of adenosine
      deaminase, and two of them with the mouse enzyme. We show that these reagents can
      be useful for the preparation of adenosine deaminase-free cell culture media and
      consider their potential interest for the early immunofluorescence detection of T
      cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias.

PMID- 4044013
TI  - Cyclosporin-A binds lymphocyte surface receptors induced by activation.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CyA) is a new immunosuppressive drug of very considerable and
      widespread interest not only for clinicians and transplant immunologists but also
      for cell biologists concerned with activation mechanisms, as it causes a
      selective blockade of lymphocyte proliferation. Clearly, the molecular biology of
      CyA action is of fundamental importance, and in attempting to understand this we
      have looked for a cell surface receptor. We used indirect staining with antibody
      (at 4 degrees C and in azide) to ensure that only those CyA molecules held at the
      cell surface would be seen. The drug molecules which partition into the cell
      membrane, due to the extreme lipophilicity of CyA, are not detected by
      extracellular antibody. This technique differs from other methods using a
      directly labelled drug, where it is not possible to discriminate between specific
      and non-specific binding. Using high sensitivity flow cytometric analysis we were
      unable to find CyA on resting lymphocytes, whereas lymphocytes activated by
      concanavalin A (Con A) or mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) showed a CyA-dependent
      increase in fluorescence.

PMID- 4044014
TI  - In vitro production of IgE in humans: kinetic studies and analysis of serum
      enhancing and inhibitory factors.
AB  - By using a sensitive and reliable method for the measurement of IgE produced in
      vitro by peripheral blood lymphomonocytes, the following observations may be
      made. Serum obtained from atopic donors shows a significant capacity to enhance
      the in vitro synthesis of IgE of PBL from atopic as well as of non-atopic donors.
      On the other hand, serum obtained from non-atopic donors demonstrates a clear-cut
      inhibitory effect on IgE synthesis of cells from both atopic and non-atopic
      individuals. The kinetics of the IgE production was studied. As early as 30 min
      after initiation of culture, PBL of atopic individuals showed the capacity to
      synthesize large amounts of IgE. The IgE synthesis continued, with variations
      from case to case, for 7 days. This capacity of the cells is completely inhibited
      following incubation of the PBL for a short period of time with a protein
      synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. This in vitro procedure represents a valuable
      tool for the study and identification of the enhancing and suppressor factors of
      IgE synthesis present in the serum.

PMID- 4044015
TI  - The alloimmunogenicity of heated blood and lymphoid cells.
AB  - Murine lymph node cells heated to 45 degrees C for 1 h or 56 degrees C for 15 min
      lost their ability to provoke a primary cytotoxic alloantibody response, though
      they were able to provoke a secondary response in animals primed with normal
      lymph node cells two months previously. The primary immunogenicity of whole blood
      and spleen cell preparations was destroyed by 56 degrees C but not by 45 degrees
      C treatment. Treatment of spleen cells with 45 degrees C heat, and ammonium
      chloride to remove red cells, destroyed their immunogenicity, whereas ammonium
      chloride treatment alone did not, suggesting that the red cells were the
      immunogenic component of heated spleen cells and, by implication, of blood.
      Further evidence for a difference in the immunogenicity of 45 degrees C heated
      blood and normal blood was provided by the finding that heated blood did not
      prime for a response to 45 degrees C lymph node cells given two months later.
      Preliminary investigations of the tolerogenicity of heated cells were
      unsuccessful, indicating, in view of the published data, that the precise
      protocol for tolerance induction is very critical.

PMID- 4044016
TI  - The formation of immune complexes in primiparous and multiparous human
      pregnancies.
AB  - Using a recently developed ELISA, antibodies were detected in maternal sera with
      reactivity directed against determinants present on the plasma membrane of the
      outer layer of the placenta, the syncytiotrophoblast. The anti-trophoblast
      antibodies were present in maternal sera in the form of "free" antibodies and
      "immune complex" antibodies. Examination of the sera throughout gestation and
      from successive pregnancies revealed that the generation of anti-trophoblast
      antibodies and the formation of immune complexes was predominantly a first
      pregnancy and early second pregnancy event, with very little activity detectable
      in later pregnancies. It is proposed that immune recognition occurs in a first
      pregnancy, which generates some form of immunosuppression that involves the
      activation of suppressor memory cells.

PMID- 4044017
TI  - Lysis of primitive teratocarcinoma cells by non-activated macrophages.
AB  - The capacity of non-activated murine thioglycollate-elicited macrophages and bone
      marrow-derived macrophages to lyse primitive F9 teratocarcinoma cells lacking H-2
      antigens was investigated. Both populations of non-activated macrophages killed
      F9 cells efficiently whereas they were not cytolytic against murine fibrosarcoma
      targets. In vitro activation by lipopolysaccharide induced the macrophages to
      lyse fibrosarcoma cells but did not significantly increase the level of cytolysis
      against F9. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the absence of
      H-2 expression on target cells may serve as a signal for macrophage "foreign"
      recognition and cytolysis.

PMID- 4044019
TI  - Establishment of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to Chlamydia
      psittaci.
AB  - Eleven stable anti-Chlamydia hybrid clones by fusions between X63-Ag8653 myelomas
      and immune splenocytes from Chlamydia psittaci immunized F1 (C57BL6 X BALB/c)
      mice have been established which react with the 12 reference Chlamydia strains
      (seven C. trachomatis and five C. psittaci. Ten of these monoclonal antibodies
      are directed against the genera-specific epitope (40,000 MW component) for which
      prolonged immunization seems to be responsible.

PMID- 4044018
TI  - Anti-complementary amines are immunological adjuvants in mice.
AB  - Complement (C) inactivation by ammonia, ethylenediamine and methylamine in mouse
      serum was studied in relation to a possible adjuvant effect of the substances in
      a cell-mediated immune response. The amines caused a dose-dependent depletion of
      both alternative pathway (AP) and overall C activity in vitro and showed also
      pronounced adjuvant effects in the delayed type hypersensitivity response of mice
      to SRBC. A significant correlation between momentary inhibition of AP activity
      and adjuvanticity was observed (r = 0.9995; P approximately 0.02), suggesting a
      causative relationship between these two phenomena. Both effects seem to be a
      direct function of the number of amino-groups per molecule. Since, on the other
      hand, lysosomotropic activity of amines is known to decrease with the number of
      amino-residues, our findings exclude an important role of direct phagocyte
      inhibition in the immuno-adjuvanticity of these compounds. A longer persistence
      and improved presentation of antigen as indirect result of local C-depletion
      could account for the immunological adjuvant effects of amines.

PMID- 4044020
TI  - Effect of melphalan administration on the activity of natural killer and natural
      cytotoxic spleen cells of normal and tumor-bearing mice.
AB  - The effect of melphalan (L-PAM; L-phenylalanine mustard) administration on
      natural killer (NK) and natural cytotoxic (NC) activities of spleen cells from
      normal noninoculated BALB/c mice and mice bearing large MOPC-315 plasmacytoma
      tumors was investigated. Injection of L-PAM (7.5 or 15.0 mg/kg) had no effect on
      NK and NC activities of spleen cells from normal mice whereas stimulation by PHA
      was markedly suppressed. NK activity was markedly suppressed in spleens of tumor
      bearing mice whereas NC activity was not affected. Therapy with L-PAM of tumor
      bearing mice led to transient recovery of NK activity which was possibly related
      to the effect of L-PAM on macrophage suppressive activity on NK cells. It is
      concluded that NK and NC cell activities and the response to PHA stimulation are
      selectively affected by L-PAM administration.

PMID- 4044021
TI  - Qb-1, a new class I polypeptide encoded by the Qa region of the mouse H-2
      complex.

PMID- 4044022
TI  - Ly-30: a new mouse lymphocyte surface alloantigen defined by a monoclonal
      antibody.

PMID- 4044023
TI  - Inhibition of association vs. dissociation of high-avidity DNA/anti-DNA
      complexes:possible involvement of secondary hydrogen bonds.
AB  - Recent results on the conditions of ionic strength needed to prevent the
      association of dsDNA with high avidity human anti-dsDNA, were compared with the
      insufficiency of even the highest practicable ionic strengths to effect the
      dissociation of such antigen-antibody complexes, once formed (1). Further
      analysis of these results make us conclude that such high avidity dsDNA-anti
      dsDNA complexes, which in the initial stages of their formation are mainly of the
      Coulombic variety, subsequently evolve, at least in part, into hydrogen bonds.

PMID- 4044024
TI  - Treatment and follow-up of morbidity detected in medical camps in a village.

PMID- 4044025
TI  - Social and demographic factors influencing the acceptability of injectable method
      for contraception in comparison with copper 'T' I.U.D.

PMID- 4044026
TI  - Granules are necessary for death of neutrophils after phagocytosis of crystalline
      monosodium urate.
AB  - Crystalline monosodium urate (MSU) produces inflammation in vivo and kills
      phagocytes in vitro. A plausible hypothesis to account for crystal-induced cell
      death is that ingested crystals perforate the phagocytic vacuole into which
      lysosomes have degranulated: "lysis from within." However, it has also been
      contended that degranulation is not required for crystal-induced cell death. To
      resolve this controversy, we have prepared neutrophil-derived cytoplasts
      ("neutroplasts") which are devoid of most cellular organelles, including
      lysosomal granules. Both intact neutrophils and neutroplasts ingested MSU
      crystals, but inhibition of phagocytosis by cytochalasin B reduced crystal
      induced death of neutrophils (release of lactate dehydrogenase) from 42% to 16%
      without altering lysis of neutroplasts (27% with MSU alone and 26% with MSU and
      cytochalasin B). Moreover, addition of serum, which prevents direct interaction
      of crystals with the outer plasma membrane, reduced lysis of neutrophils,
      reducing cell death from 42% to 25%. After 60 min incubation, serum was totally
      ineffective in reducing neutrophil death but continued to reduce lysis of
      neutroplasts from 61% to 13%. Thus, the MSU lysed neutroplasts under conditions
      in which it ruptured membranes of nonphagocytic structures (erythrocytes,
      liposomes), i.e., in the absence of serum: "lysis from without." These data
      suggested that death of neutrophils after internalization of MSU requires a
      component that is lacking in neutroplasts. Granules (lysosomes) are the best
      candidates for this component, supporting the general validity of the "lysis from
      within" hypothesis.

PMID- 4044027
TI  - Human vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells lack catalase activity
      and are susceptible to hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - 51Cr release as lytic and cell detachment as nonlytic injury were employed to
      estimate neutrophil-mediated injury of cultured human vascular smooth muscle
      cells and endothelial cells. The reagents hydrogen peroxide or hypoxanthine
      xanthine oxidase produced dose-dependent killing and nonlytic cell detachment,
      which were specifically inhibited by catalase but not by superoxide dismutase.
      The concentration of hydrogen peroxide or xanthine oxidase to induce cell
      detachment was less than lytic dose, suggesting that cell detachment was a much
      more sensitive assay of injury. Neutrophil-mediated cell lysis averaged 15% at
      most and was mostly dependent on hydrogen peroxide, while neutrophil-mediated
      cell detachment was nearly 100% and its dependency on hydrogen peroxide varied
      from 46% to 60%. These results suggest that vascular smooth muscle cells and
      endothelial cells in neutrophil-mediated events are destroyed by a hydrogen
      peroxide-dependent process, mainly via a nonlytic cell detachment mechanism.
      There was no striking difference of sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide between
      vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells
      and endothelial cells contained fairly high concentrations of superoxide
      dismutase, but not catalase, activity. The sensitivity of these cells to hydrogen
      peroxide but not to superoxide may arise from the fact that these cells lack
      intracellular catalase activity. The injury of vascular cells, which constitute
      important components of blood vessels, may lead to vascular injury and subsequent
      tissue damage.

PMID- 4044028
TI  - Cytolytic effect of polylysine on rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - The cationic polyamino acids polylysine and polyarginine cause a time and
      concentration dependent lysis of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Lysis,
      measured as LDH release, is preceded by exocytosis, as can be deduced from a
      higher lysozyme release than LDH release, at short incubation time or with low
      concentrations of polylysine. The lytic effect of polylysine could be annihilated
      with the polyanion polyglutamic acid. Monomeric lysine or arginine, or low
      molecular-weight polylysine, were not lytic. This indicates that positive charges
      on a polymeric molecule of sufficient chain length play a predominant role in the
      interaction. Substances that promote exocytosis cause an increase of lysozyme
      release and a reduction of LDH release, whereas inhibitors of exocytosis cause
      the reverse: less lysozyme release and more LDH release. Negatively charged
      sialic groups on the plasma membrane are not important for the interaction,
      because their removal does not affect the lytic effect of polylysine on the cell.
      The possibility that the lipid part of the plasma membrane is the point of attack
      for the polycations is discussed.

PMID- 4044029
TI  - Sensitivity of Capnocytophaga species to bactericidal properties of human serum.
AB  - Capnocytophaga is a newly described genus of gram-negative bacteria which can
      cause serious oral and extraoral infections in the susceptible host. In the
      present study, sensitivity of Capnocytophaga spp. to the bactericidal properties
      of human serum was investigated. Laboratory strains representative of
      Capnocytophaga sputigena, C. ochracea, and C. gingivalis and seven oral isolates
      of Capnocytophaga spp. obtained in primary culture were determined to be
      sensitive to killing by pooled normal serum. In contrast, little or no killing of
      Capnocytophaga spp. was observed when these organisms were incubated in the
      presence of hypogammaglobulinemic serum despite evidence for alternative pathway
      activation. However, hypogammaglobulinemic serum could be reconstituted to
      bactericidal activity by the addition of the immunoglobulin M fraction of normal
      serum. Capnocytophaga spp. failed to activate the classical pathway in
      hypogammaglobulinemic serum, thus ruling out an antibody-independent mechanism of
      killing. In contrast, good correlation was observed between serum-mediated
      killing and antibody-dependent classical pathway consumption. These results
      indicate that complement in the presence of bactericidal antibody may be an
      important determinant of host resistance to intra- and extraoral infections
      caused by Capnocytophaga spp.

PMID- 4044030
TI  - An early effect of the S component of staphylococcal leukocidin on methylation of
      phospholipid in various leukocytes.
AB  - On incubation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes with the S component of
      staphylococcal leukocidin at 37 degrees C, the 3H-labeled methyl group of S
      adenosyl[methyl-3H]methionine was rapidly incorporated into phospholipid.
      Subsequently, the methylated phosphatidylcholine was degraded by activated
      phospholipase A2. Complete blockage of the methylation of phospholipid by a
      mixture of erythro-9-[2-hydroxy-3-nonyl]adenine, adenosine, and L-homocysteine
      thiolactone markedly inhibited the activation of phospholipase A2 by the S
      component. It also inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled F component to the
      cells, but not that of the labeled S component. These results suggest that
      methylation of phospholipid in the cell membranes by the S component results in
      activation of phospholipase A2, which induces the binding of the F component to
      the cells.

PMID- 4044031
TI  - Depressed chemiluminescence response by influenza virus is enhanced after
      conjugation of viral subunits to muramyl dipeptide.
AB  - The effect on respiratory burst of murine spleen cells after in vitro exposure to
      influenza virus, subunits, or subunits conjugated to muramyl dipeptide (MDP) was
      studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) in response to stimulation by
      zymosan. CL induced by infectious influenza A virus was depressed but could be
      elevated to normal levels when MDP was added together with a low, but not with a
      high, dose of the virus. Profound depression of CL was induced by high doses of
      influenza A/Brazil, A/Bangkok, and B/Singapore subunits. The same amounts of
      viral subunits conjugated to MDP restored or even enhanced the CL responses of
      spleen cells from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Splenic cells from BALB/c mice
      generated higher levels of CL than did cells from C57BL/6 mice.

PMID- 4044032
TI  - Evolution of inflammatory response and cellular immune responses in a murine
      model of disseminated blastomycosis.
AB  - A reproducible model of disseminated blastomycosis was established in C57BL/6
      mice by intravenous injection of 10(6) yeast-phase Blastomyces dermatiditis
      organisms. The infection progressed over 5 weeks to involve lungs, brains,
      superficial fascia, livers, and spleens of mice. By week 5, there was a greater
      number of organisms in lungs and brains than in livers and spleens. The tissue
      response in lungs, brains, and livers progressed from acute neutrophilic invasion
      before week 1 to pyogranuloma formation by week 5. Lymph nodes and spleens were
      remarkably spared. By week 5, infected mice became anergic to intradermal
      challenge with both specific Blastomyces antigen and a nonspecific antigen (sheep
      erythrocytes). At this time, the response to concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin
      by splenocytes was markedly less than that of normal controls. Likewise, the
      plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes by splenocytes from infected
      mice was diminished. In coculture studies, splenocytes from 5-week-infected mice
      reduced the plaque-forming cell response by normal splenocytes. The development
      of this murine model should prove useful for elucidating the perturbations of
      immunoregulation associated with disseminated blastomycosis.

PMID- 4044033
TI  - Adenylate cyclase activity of a 68,000-molecular-weight protein isolated from the
      outer membrane of Bordetella bronchiseptica.
AB  - A method was developed which is suitable for the isolation of substantial
      quantities of outer membrane proteins of Bordetella species in a water-soluble
      form. The extracted material may then be further fractionated in the absence of
      detergents by ion-exchange chromatography and preparative flat-bed
      isoelectrofocusing. These procedures facilitated the isolation of one of the
      proteins, of molecular weight 68,000, for which the antibody titer correlated
      with the degree of protection against nasal changes induced in specific-pathogen
      free piglets by Bordetella bronchiseptica infection (P. Novotny, M. Kobisch, K.
      Cownley, A. P. Chubb, and J. A. Montaraz, Infect. Immun. 50:190-198). This
      protein, which banded between 7.0 and 7.6 pH in preparative isoelectrofocusing,
      may be further purified with a monoclonal immunosorbent. Immunopurified protein
      showed adenylate cyclase activity. The enzymatic activity was found to be
      unstable during processing; i.e., although the crude extract showed up to 150
      nmol of cyclic AMP per mg/min, the immunopurified protein showed a maximum of
      only 200 nmol of cyclic AMP per mg/min. Two strains of B. bronchiseptica,
      isolated from herds of healthy pigs showing no signs of atrophic rhinitis, did
      not produce the 68,000-molecular-weight protein and were negative for adenylate
      cyclase. However, it is not known whether the 68,000-molecular-weight protein is
      a component of adenylate cyclase or whether it is an unrelated protein associated
      with this enzyme in some unknown way. Adenylate cyclase activity from culture
      supernatants of B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis, and B. parapertussis can be
      absorbed equally to the same monoclonal immunosorbent.

PMID- 4044035
TI  - Bacterial adherence to human endothelial cells in vitro.
AB  - Differences in the ability of bacteria to adhere to normal valvular endothelium
      may account for the predominance of particular species as pathogens in acute
      endocarditis. An in vitro adherence assay was developed to simulate the host
      surface encountered in acute bacterial endocarditis by using confluent monolayers
      of human endothelial cells. Adherence of 32 gram-positive and -negative blood
      culture isolates to this surface was compared. All five Staphylococcus aureus
      strains tested were highly adherent to endothelial cells, as was one gram
      negative strain (Serratia marcescens). The remaining gram-positive and -negative
      isolates, including four viridans streptococci, were relatively nonadherent.
      Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated attachment of Staphylococcus aureus
      and invagination of the underlying endothelial cell membrane at 1 h followed by
      engulfment of large numbers of bacteria after 3 h. The intracellular bacteria
      appeared to be contained within vacuoles. Preferential attachment of some strains
      of bacteria, in particular Staphylococcus aureus, to human endothelial cells
      occurred in vitro, suggesting that adherence is an important determinant of
      bacterial pathogenicity in acute endocarditis. Active uptake of bacteria by
      endothelial cells may help account for the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus in
      endovascular infections and for the ability of this organism to establish
      multiple metastatic foci of infection.

PMID- 4044034
TI  - Correlation of serum opsonins with in vitro phagocytosis of Streptococcus
      pneumoniae.
AB  - C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase reactant which binds to phosphocholine
      (PC) in the pneumococcal cell wall, and anti-PC antibodies are protective against
      experimental pneumococcal bacteremia in mice. To determine the relative opsonic
      capacities of CRP and anti-PC compared with those of antibodies against
      pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (anti-PCP), we correlated in vitro opsonic
      activity for serotype 7F Streptococcus pneumoniae with concentrations of CRP,
      anti-PC, and anti-type 7F PCP in human sera from 10 normal subjects and 38
      patients with sickle cell (SS) disease, a high-risk group for pneumococcal
      infection. Opsonic activity, measured by a radiolabeled bacterial uptake assay,
      correlated with anti-PCP levels but not with CRP or anti-PC in both the normal
      subjects and patients with SS disease. Addition of CRP to normal sera did not
      increase opsonic activity for serotypes 4 and 7F S. pneumoniae, although it did
      so for serotype 27, a nonpathogenic strain unique for having PC in its capsule.
      CRP and anti-PC were not effective opsonins when they bound to the pneumococcal
      cell wall rather than the capsule. The protective effects of CRP or anti-PC
      against these serotypes may be produced by means other than complement-dependent
      opsonization.

PMID- 4044036
TI  - Purification and vaccine potential of Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides.
AB  - Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) from 18 Klebsiella strains of different capsular
      types was isolated and characterized. Purified CPSs were composed primarily of
      carbohydrate with trace quantities of protein, nucleic acids, and
      lipopolysaccharide. All CPSs were of a high molecular weight, possessing a Kd of
      0.01 to 0.11 as determined by gel filtration over Sepharose CL-4B. Low levels of
      lipopolysaccharide present in all preparations were responsible for the highly
      pyrogenic nature of one-half of the CPS preparations. Treatment of capsular
      material with dilute NaOH in 95% ethanol markedly reduced the pyrogenicity of all
      preparations and had a negligible effect on their molecular weight. The
      immunogenicity of the various native CPSs for mice varied considerably from
      serotype to serotype, but all evoked an anticapsular immunoglobulin G response.
      Five of 18 NaOH-treated polysaccharides were significantly (P less than 0.05)
      less immunogenic than their native counterparts. Human immunoglobulin G prepared
      from volunteers immunized with either native or NaOH-treated KP1-0 capsular
      polysaccharide was equally effective at preventing experimental fatal Klebsiella
      pneumoniae burn wound sepsis in mice.

PMID- 4044037
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens of Bacteroides gingivalis.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against the various surface antigens of Bacteroides
      gingivalis were obtained by the fusion of murine myeloma cells (SP2/0-Ag14) with
      spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with the whole cells. Two monoclonal
      antibodies reacted with lipopolysaccharide, and the other two reacted strongly
      with capsule antigen. One showed reactivity with the hemagglutinin of the cells.
      The five monoclonal antibodies reacted with sonicated antigen from all B.
      gingivalis strains tested. No cross-reactivity of the monoclonal antibodies with
      antigens from nine species of other black-pigmented Bacteroids strains was
      observed. An immunoblotting test involving the use of these monoclonal antibodies
      indicated that the epitope of B. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide was polysaccharide
      with a high molecular weight of 40,000 to 60,000. The immunoblotting test also
      demonstrated that the epitopes of capsule antigen and of hemagglutinin were
      27,000- and 40,000-molecular-weight proteins, respectively.

PMID- 4044038
TI  - Changes in intestinal fluid and mucosal immune responses to cholera toxin in
      Giardia muris infection and binding of cholera toxin to Giardia muris
      trophozoites.
AB  - The effect of Giardia muris infection on the diarrheal response and gut mucosal
      antibody response to cholera toxin was examined in mice. The results obtained
      showed that the fluid accumulation in intestinal loops exposed to cholera toxin
      was increased in mice infected with a low number (5 X 10(4) ) of G. muris cysts
      compared with the response in noninfected mice. This effect was associated with a
      marked reduction in absorption of oral rehydration fluid from the intestine. In
      contrast, mice infected with a high dose (2 X 10(5) ) of cysts showed a marked
      decrease in fluid accumulation in response to the toxin. This decrease might be
      related to the finding that both G. muris and Giardia lamblia trophozoites can
      bind significant amounts of cholera toxin. Evidence is presented which suggests
      that the gut mucosal antibody response, mainly immunoglobulin A but also
      immunoglobulin G, to an immunization course with perorally administered cholera
      toxin was depressed in mice infected with G. muris. The reduction in antibody
      levels was particularly evident when the primary immunization was made very early
      after infection. The serum antitoxin antibodies to the oral immunization with
      cholera toxin were, however, not affected. Likewise, the delayed-type
      hypersensitivity response against sheep erythrocytes in animals primed
      subcutaneously with sheep erythrocytes was not modified during the course of G.
      muris infection.

PMID- 4044039
TI  - Phagocytosis of staphylococci by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes is enhanced
      in the presence of endothelial cells.
AB  - The role of various surfaces in the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by
      human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was studied. Uptake of both opsonized
      and unopsonized staphylococci on the surface of a monolayer of human venous
      endothelial cells was compared with uptake on an inert plastic surface, with an
      assay that uses radiolabeled bacteria. Uptake of unopsonized S. aureus was
      threefold higher on the endothelial cell surface than on the plastic surface and
      was followed by efficient killing of the phagocytosed staphylococci. Uptake of
      unopsonized S. aureus on endothelial cells was not inhibited by treatment of the
      PMN with pronase or 2-deoxy-D-glucose and was only partially inhibited by
      cytochalasin B treatment of the PMN. The supporting effect of endothelial cells
      on the phagocytosis of unopsonized S. aureus was not due to opsonization of the
      bacteria by immunoglobulin or complement from the endothelial cell surface, nor
      to coating with fibronectin.

PMID- 4044040
TI  - Expression of the cloned toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 gene (tst) in vivo with a
      rabbit uterine model.
AB  - Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) toxin 1 (TSST1) is produced by strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus associated with TSS. Purified TSST1 induces in rabbits a
      shock-like illness with many features similar to TSS in humans. These symptoms
      were also induced by TSST1-producing bacteria in diffusion chambers implanted in
      the rabbit uterus. Naturally occurring TSST1+ strains and a TSST1- strain
      harboring a pE194-derived plasmid carrying the cloned TSST1 determinant tst gave
      the same symptoms. TSST1- strains and a TSST1- strain carrying a pE194-tst
      plasmid with a deletion of the tst gene had no effect in rabbits. The results
      with the plasmid-carrying TSST1+ and TSST1- strains, which were isogenic apart
      from tst, show that the toxin is responsible for the illness in rabbits and
      suggest that it is a major factor in the pathogenesis of TSS.

PMID- 4044041
TI  - Demonstration of cholera toxin-related factor in cultures of Aeromonas species by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - The production of toxins by Aeromonas species was examined by the suckling mouse
      test, the hemolysin test, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with
      anticholera enterotoxin. A factor that was immunologically related to cholera
      enterotoxin was produced by 5 of 14 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and 4 of 15
      strains of Aeromonas sobria. Analysis by these assays and by a test for heat
      stability suggested that the factor differed from hemolysin and from toxin that
      was active in the suckling mouse test.

PMID- 4044042
TI  - Lack of correlation between known virulence properties of Aeromonas hydrophila
      and enteropathogenicity for humans.
AB  - Five strains of Aeromonas hydrophila were selected for use in volunteer challenge
      trials. All five strains produced cytotoxin, hemolysin enterotoxin, lysine
      decarboxylase, acetylmethylcarbinol, and DNase. Two strains hydrolyzed esculin.
      All strains produced purulent hemorrhagic fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal
      loops, but failed to induce keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs. None of the
      strains produced mannose-resistant hemagglutinins. In challenge studies, diarrhea
      was demonstrated in only 2 of 57 human volunteers with doses ranging from 10(4)
      to 10(10) CFU. One person experienced mild diarrhea with 10(9) CFU of strain 6Y.
      A second person developed moderate diarrhea with 10(7) CFU of strain 3647. At
      higher doses, no diarrhea was seen in any of the volunteers. The other three
      strains (B158, SSU, 3284) failed to cause diarrhea and were not recovered from
      stools of volunteers. Additional virulence properties of A. hydrophila need to be
      sought before enteropathogenicity for humans can be established.

PMID- 4044043
TI  - Combined plasmid and peptide analysis of clinical and environmental Legionella
      pneumophila strains associated with a small cluster of Legionnaires' disease
      cases.
AB  - Plasmid and peptide analysis was used to characterize Legionella pneumophila
      strains isolated in the study of a small cluster of cases in hospitalized
      patients. The isolates from the Denver Veterans' Administration Medical Center
      could be clearly separated into three groups. Two of the three clinical isolates
      were found to be plasmidless, as were five of 19 environmental isolates. The
      patient isolates had plasmid and peptide profiles which were identical to the
      showerhead isolates to which each patient was exposed. Thus, the data suggest
      that the patients acquired their disease strains from environmental sites in
      their particular hospital wing, and that each wing of the building had its own
      unique flora of Legionella strains. The results also confirm the usefulness of
      using both these techniques when tracing transmission patterns of nosocomial
      disease.

PMID- 4044044
TI  - How often does chronic liver disease follow acute hepatitis B in adults?
AB  - The risk of developing the chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier
      state after primary acute hepatitis B virus infection was examined in a
      prospective study of adults with acute icteric (clinically apparent) viral
      hepatitis. Enzyme immunoassay for IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM
      anti-HBc) was positive in 176 (93.1%) and negative in 13 (6.9%) of 189 patients
      positive for HBsAg and negative for IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus. The former
      were considered to be acute hepatitis B infections and the latter chronic
      carriers superinfected with another virus or acute exacerbation of chronic
      infection. At six months, all surviving acute hepatitis B patients had cleared
      HBsAg. All surviving chronic carriers remained HBsAg-positive. In another
      prospective study, 18 adults with subclinical hepatitis B infection also cleared
      HBsAg within six months. These data suggest that in contrast to newborns and
      children, adult patients rarely develop chronic antigenemia after acute hepatitis
      B infection. The postulated risk should mainly be attributed to misdiagnosis of
      cases of superinfection of chronic carriers or acute exacerbation of chronic
      infection.

PMID- 4044045
TI  - Concentrations of mezlocillin in the serum, heart valves, muscle and subcutaneous
      tissue of patients undergoing open-heart surgery.
AB  - 4 g mezlocillin as a five-minute intravenous bolus were given preoperatively to
      31 adult patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Mezlocillin serum levels
      declined from 42.8 mg/l at 1-2 h after injection to less than 1 mg/l at 6-8 h
      after application. Concentrations in muscle and subcutaneous tissue varied
      between 18 micrograms/g and less than 1 microgram/g. Mezlocillin levels in heart
      valves were higher than those in muscle and subcutaneous tissue, thus suggesting
      rapid diffusion of mezlocillin.

PMID- 4044046
TI  - Influence of fosfomycin and tobramycin on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AB  - Since combinations of fosfomycin and vancomycin or tobramycin and vancomycin
      could be of advantage in the therapy of staphylococcal infections, we studied
      renal tolerance of both combinations. The experimental animal was the rat and the
      parameters of nephrotoxicity were cyturia and enzymuria. The experiments showed
      that fosfomycin at dosages of 50 and 250 mg/kg protected against nephrotoxicity
      caused by vancomycin (dose: 50 mg/kg), whereas the administration of both
      tobramycin (dose: 2.5 mg/kg) and vancomycin (dose: 50 mg/kg) resulted in an
      increase of cyturia and enzymuria. However, repeated dosing of vancomycin (single
      dose: 50 mg/kg) led to renal accumulation when combined with fosfomycin (single
      dose: 250 mg/kg); renal vancomycin concentrations were lower. This study suggests
      similarities in the renal handling of vancomycin and aminoglycosides and
      demonstrates the possibility of reducing drug-associated nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4044047
TI  - Dessication resistance in thermotolerant Campylobacter species.

PMID- 4044048
TI  - Cerebellar atrophy after typhoid fever.

PMID- 4044049
TI  - Neutrophil and monocyte adherence in diabetes mellitus, alcoholic cirrhosis,
      uraemia and elderly patients.
AB  - The neutrophil and monocyte adherence were assessed in patients with diseases
      which predispose them to increased risk of infections. Neutrophil adherence was
      found to be markedly impaired in diabetes mellitus, alcoholic cirrhosis and
      uraemia. Monocyte adherence was also depressed in patients with diabetes mellitus
      and alcoholic cirrhosis, but not in patients with uraemia. Thus, the increased
      susceptibility of these categories of patients to infection can be explained in
      part by a defect in adherence. In contrast, neutrophil and monocyte adherence in
      elderly patients were comparable to that in healthy young adults, which confirms
      previous observations that the age-dependent decline in immunological function
      affects mainly the T and B cell systems.

PMID- 4044050
TI  - Detection of a thermostable brain antigen in the circulation of patients after
      cerebrovascular accident.
AB  - Enzyme immunoassay was developed with a thermostable antigen of human brain and
      its corresponding antiserum of rabbit origin. Inhibition of this assay proved to
      be a sensitive technique for detection of this antigen in the circulation. Using
      the inhibition test, we tested 170 serum samples originating from 42 patients
      with cerebrovascular accident (CVA), 166 sera from 166 patients with other
      neurological disorders, and 56 sera from 56 normal subjects. Fourteen patients
      with CVA were found to be "positive' and 28 "negative'. Positive results in
      inhibition tests were first noted within 1-2 days after CVA and they appeared to
      decline to negative values within 3-5 weeks after CVA. None of the sera from
      subjects without CVA were positive.

PMID- 4044051
TI  - Glycoprotein allergens in pollen of timothy. I. Investigation of carbohydrates
      extracted from pollen of timothy (Phleum pratense) and purification of a
      carbohydrate-containing allergen by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A
      sepharose.
AB  - On extraction of timothy pollen with aqueous buffer high molecular weight
      material (MW greater than 3,500) containing the sugars arabinose, fucose, xylose,
      mannose, galactose and glucose was rapidly released. When the allergen extract
      was subjected to crossed immunoaffinoelectrophoresis with lectins incorporated in
      the first- or second-dimension gel, some allergens were clearly retarded. A basic
      glycoprotein allergen, probably the one known as antigen 30, was bound to
      concanavalin A (Con A) and also to a lectin from Pisum sativum. This allergen was
      purified by a combination of Con A-Sepharose and CM-Sephadex chromatography,
      giving a product that contained the following sugars: arabinose (1.4%), fucose
      (traces), xylose (1.3%), mannose (2.0%), galactose (7.6%) and glucose (10.5%).
      The purified allergen appeared essentially homogeneous on isoelectric focusing
      and on gel permeation chromatography. The allergenic activity and acid
      phosphatase activity, which have been correlated by previous workers, were
      demonstrated to be entirely separable.

PMID- 4044052
TI  - Allergens in pollen from mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.). I. Partial
      characterization of allergen preparations from mugwort pollen with emphasis on
      the carbohydrate moiety.
AB  - The results obtained in these studies show that certain mugwort allergens are
      extracted after 5 min extraction time and that there is little difference whether
      phosphate-buffered saline or NH4HCO3 is used as extraction buffer. An extraction
      time of 1 h appears to be sufficient for a quantitative extraction of the main
      part of the allergens present. When the extracts are dialyzed, cathodic
      antigens/allergens are lost. Addition of thiourea leads to a reduction in the
      coloured matter of the extract, but not in a sufficient degree to recommend the
      compound to be included in the extraction procedures of allergens from mugwort
      pollen. A few allergens are heat-resistant, and as these fractions are richer in
      carbohydrate than equivalent fractions not being heat-treated, these allergens
      might be of glycoprotein nature. Structural features of the carbohydrate moiety
      are also described as well as the total amino acid composition of the protein
      moiety.

PMID- 4044053
TI  - Influence of reproductive history on age at diagnosis of breast cancer and
      prognosis.
AB  - The effect on age at breast cancer diagnosis of age at menarche, age at first
      baby, parity and age at menopause has been determined for 739 unselected patients
      diagnosed between 1975 and 1980 as having operable breast cancer. Age at
      diagnosis was significantly and positively associated with ages at menarche,
      first baby and menopause. The average number of children significantly declined
      with increasing age at diagnosis. This was largely due to a change in the
      proportion of patients who were nulliparous (15% in women aged 41-50 years
      compared to about 30% in those over 60 years). A group of 1,989 normal women
      whose reproductive history was also collected between 1975 and 1980 showed
      similar trends between age and age at menarche, age at first baby and parity as
      the patients. Thus it appears that these reproductive parameters do not alter the
      time of onset of breast cancer but could be explained by temporal changes in
      reproductive patterns. There was no significant correlation between age at
      menopause and age at diagnosis for patients whose age at menopause was no more
      than 54 years and age at diagnosis no less than 55 years, respectively. It is
      therefore unlikely that age at menopause affects age at diagnosis. Postmenopausal
      patients with 3 or more children had a significantly shorter disease-free
      interval and lower survival rate than those with less children. None of the other
      parameters was associated with prognosis.

PMID- 4044054
TI  - Hereditary malignant melanoma is not linked to the HLA complex on chromosome 6.
AB  - Detailed HLA typing was performed in 11 families with hereditary cutaneous
      malignant melanoma (CMM) and dysplastic nevi to determine if the melanoma
      susceptibility locus was genetically linked to the major histocompatibility
      complex. Previously published data from 19 other families were re-analyzed in the
      same manner. When data from all 30 families were pooled and CMM was defined as
      the disease trait, the hypothesis of linkage was rejected for all values of
      recombination (theta) less than 40%. Data on family members' status regarding
      dysplastic nevi (DN), a well-characterized precursor of hereditary CMM, were
      available for our 11 families and 7 previously-reported families. Linkage
      analysis between the combined CMM/DN trait and HLA provided strong evidence
      against this hypothesis. Significant heterogeneity was observed when various sub
      groups of families were compared; these data suggested that preferential
      reporting of positive linkage findings and misclassification of study subjects'
      CMM susceptibility status may have contributed to previous beliefs that the
      hereditary melanoma gene was linked to HLA. When our data are combined with
      previously-published information, we conclude that there is strong evidence
      against linkage of a CMM/DN gene with the major histocompatibility complex.

PMID- 4044055
TI  - Expression of cell surface glycoproteins in human melanoma cell lines with
      different tumorigenic properties.
AB  - Human malignant melanoma cell lines characterized by either a high or a low
      ability to grow subcutaneously in athymic nude mice have been examined for their
      cell-surface glycoproteins. Striking differences were demonstrated between these
      2 groups. Cells from lines of low tumorigenicity (LT group) displayed twice as
      much Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase and galactose oxidase accessible glycoproteins
      as cells from lines of high tumorigenicity (HT group) and each group of cell
      lines could be characterized by specific glycoprotein profiles. LT and HT group
      cells displayed similar amounts of periodate accessible glycoproteins, but
      sialoglycoprotein profiles were characteristic for each group of cell lines.
      Furthermore, whereas 87% of the sialic acid released by V. cholerae neuraminidase
      came from cell surface glycoproteins in HT group cells, only 53-55% of the
      released sialic acid came from surface glycoproteins in LT group cells. These
      results suggest that human melanoma cell lines exhibiting different
      tumorigenicity in nude mice can also be characterized by differences in
      composition and organization within the plasma membranes of their cell-surface
      sialoglycoproteins.

PMID- 4044056
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of a vascular permeability factor
      secreted by a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line.
AB  - The established human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29, secretes a vascular
      permeability factor (VPF) in vitro. The factor has been purified from serum-free
      conditioned medium by acidification, cation-exchange, and reverse-phase and anion
      exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. The VPF is a non-glycosylated
      acidic protein of apparent molecular weight 45,000, and is at least 4 orders of
      magnitude more potent than histamine as an inducer of vascular permeability. Its
      biological activity is unaffected by soybean trypsin inhibitor or by inhibitors
      of histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, or acid proteases. The VPF induces vascular
      permeability within minutes, which suggests a direct effect on the endothelial
      cell.

PMID- 4044057
TI  - Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) suppresses polarization and locomotion and alters
      F-actin content of Walker carcinosarcoma cells.
AB  - This study demonstrates a novel feature of PMA, its ability to suppress
      chemokinetic polarization and locomotion of tumor cells. Walker carcinosarcoma
      cells exhibit two distinct types of polarization and locomotion, i.e. spontaneous
      polarization characterized by ruffles at the front and stimulated polarization
      and locomotion in response to the microtubule-disassembling agents colchicine,
      vinblastine and nocodazole, which are characterized by blebbing at the front. The
      tumor promotor phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), but not phorbol, was found to
      suppress both types of polarization and random locomotion at concentrations
      between 10(-8) and 10(-6)M. The effect of 10(-6)M PMA was virtually complete
      within 5 min. Inhibition of locomotion was due to both a reduction in the speed
      of migrating cells and the proportion of migrating cells. Changes in shape and
      chemokinesis of Walker carcinosarcoma cells were associated with alterations in
      the relative amount and the topographical distribution of F-actin as determined
      by NBD-phallacidin binding. Suppression by PMA was associated with loss of the
      polar topographical distribution of F-actin visualized by NBD-phallacidin
      binding. In the presence of PMA, the relative amount of F-actin was higher than
      in unstimulated controls and lower in cells exposed to microtubule-disassembling
      agents.

PMID- 4044058
TI  - Lung colonization and metastasis by disseminated B16 melanoma cells: H-2
      associated control at the level of the host and the tumor cell.
AB  - We have studied the experimental metastasis of H-2+ and H-2- melanoma sublines in
      H-2b/b and H-2a/b hosts by enumerating pulmonary colonies 20-50 days after i.v.
      inoculation of tumor cells. In H-2b/b hosts, the H-2+ "B16-S" cells gave rise to
      a moderate number of metastatic colonies (mean: 6.3 +/- 6). The "BL16-L" sublines
      that had lost the expression of MHC class-I antigens, according to FACS-analysis
      and quantitative absorption tests, gave no metastases under the same conditions.
      Pretreatment of the H-2+ met+ B16-S with interferons (beta or alpha + beta)
      increased their H-2 antigen expression and the number of metastatic colonies
      (mean: 25 +/- 16). Interferon pretreatment of B16-L cells partially restored
      their H-2b expression and induced them to form a small number of metastatic
      colonies. The reduction in pulmonary colonization by the H-2 negative B16-L cells
      could be attributed to their rapid elimination by natural killer cells, already
      observed within 24 hr of inoculation of radiolabelled cells. H-2- B16-L cells
      were more susceptible than H-2+ B16-S cells to in vitro lysis by poly I:C-treated
      splenocytes, and they acquired full metastatic abilities if the hosts were
      treated with anti-asialo GM-I serum. In H-2a/b heterozygous hosts, the H-2+ B16-S
      cells also failed to metastasize. Reduced pulmonary colonization was evident by
      24 hr after injection in comparison with H-2b/b hosts, and could be reversed by
      anti-asialo GM-I treatment of the hosts. In vitro, H-2a/b splenocytes were more
      cytotoxic to the B16 cells than syngeneic effectors. The results are discussed in
      relation to a recent hypothesis on a surveillance mechanism for elimination of
      cells on the basis of their lack (or insufficient expression) of host MHC genes.

PMID- 4044059
TI  - A potential role for the extracellular matrix glycoprotein laminin in macrophage
      tumor-cell interactions.
AB  - Although cell surface molecules are thought to be involved in macrophage (MO)
      tumor-cell recognition, the nature of these molecules remains unknown. In this
      study we have shown that the glycoprotein laminin may facilitate macrophage-tumor
      cell binding. Macrophage binding to tumor cells was assessed by measuring the
      adherence of radiolabelled 3-MCA2 induced malignant fibrosarcoma cells to
      syngeneic peritoneal MOs. Addition of exogenous laminin promoted the binding of a
      weakly metastatic subline of these tumor cells by 31-68%. These weakly metastatic
      tumor cells express negligible endogenous cell-surface laminin but display
      specific cell-surface receptors for binding soluble laminin. Exogenous laminin
      promoted MO binding of these tumor cells whether it was present during the assay
      or whether the tumor cells were pretreated with the laminin. This increase in
      binding was blocked by anti-laminin antibody. In contrast, MO binding of a
      strongly metastatic variant of the same tumor was not enhanced by the addition of
      exogenous laminin. This highly malignant fibrosarcoma line already expressed
      endogenous cell-surface laminin. Since the MOs were found to specifically bind
      125I-laminin, the interaction between laminin-bearing tumor cells and MOs may be
      mediated via a specific MO plasma membrane receptor. Thus, the expression of cell
      surface laminin and its receptors on both tumor cells and MOs may provide a
      mechanism for promoting MO-tumor-cell binding.

PMID- 4044060
TI  - The effects of single versus triple intravenous injections of B16 melanoma cells
      on the development of pulmonary tumors in mice.
AB  - During natural metastasis, cancer cells are released continuously into the
      bloodstream and arrested in target organs; the process is repetitive rather than
      a single event. In this communication, the effect of preceding on successive
      "pulses" of cancer cells is discussed in relation to the arrest, retention and
      tumor formation of B16 melanoma cells in the lungs of mice receiving 3 separate
      tail-vein injections at 2-hr intervals. When animals received the same total
      number of cells in either 1 or 3 injections, no significant differences were
      detected in the initial arrest and subsequent retention in the lungs. However, 15
      days after injection, mice which had received 3 pulses of cancer cells were found
      to have fewer pulmonary tumors than those which had received a single pulse of
      cells. The results show that interactions between 2 successive waves of B16
      melanoma cells and their host did not affect the initial arrest and "short-term"
      retention of a third wave of radiolabelled cells. However, the "longer-term"
      experiments on tumor formation show that preceding pulses of cancer cells
      resulted in the lungs becoming more hostile to a succeeding pulse than was the
      case in appropriate controls. The results indicate that the relative metastatic
      capacities of cancer cells arrested in microvascular beds during hematogenous
      metastasis could well be diminished by antecedent interactions of this type.

PMID- 4044061
TI  - Retention of semifloating electrode catheter.
AB  - A semifloating electrode was prophylactically inserted in an 84-year-old man
      because of the presence of bifascicular block and the suspicion of acute
      myocardial infarction. After 6 days it was decided to remove the electrode, but
      its extraction was not possible. This case demonstrates that retention of
      semifloating electrode, although a rare complication of temporary right
      ventricular pacing, is more than a theoretical hazard.

PMID- 4044062
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction secondary to polycythaemia in a case of cyanotic
      congenital heart disease.
AB  - A case of coronary thrombosis resulting from secondary polycythaemia due to
      severe cyanotic congenital heart disease in a young girl of 19 years of age is
      described. This resulted in a fatal myocardial infarction. There was no evidence
      of coronary atheroma.

PMID- 4044063
TI  - Debate concerning the nature of the internodal atrial myocardium.

PMID- 4044064
TI  - Effects of nifedipine on forearm vascular resistance and venous capacitance in
      normal subjects and in patients with congestive heart failure.
AB  - The effects of oral nifedipine on limb hemodynamics were studied in 7 normal
      subjects, 8 patients with congestive heart failure and 2 patients who underwent
      sympathectomy of unilateral limb. Forearm venous capacitance remained unchanged
      both in normal subjects and in patients with congestive heart failure. In normal
      subjects, systemic vascular resistance decreased without change in forearm
      vascular resistance. On the other hand, both systemic and forearm vascular
      resistance decreased simultaneously in patients with congestive heart failure. In
      2 patients with normal left ventricular function undergoing sympathectomy, limb
      vascular resistance decreased in the denervated side and increased in the
      contralateral innervated side. These findings indicate that the effects of
      nifedipine on forearm vascular resistance are dependent upon the circulatory
      state of the patient at the time the drug is administered, while venous dynamics
      were not changed by nifedipine, and that the difference in the density of
      sympathetic innervation results in a reordering of territorial blood flow by
      modifying the vasodilatation due to the calcium antagonistic action of
      nifedipine.

PMID- 4044065
TI  - The relation between left ventricular asynchrony, relaxation, outward wall motion
      and filling characteristics during control period and pacing-induced myocardial
      ischaemia in coronary artery disease.
AB  - To assess the relation between left ventricular asynchrony, relaxation, outward
      wall motion and filling in patients with coronary artery disease and normal
      systolic function, pressure measurements and left ventricular angiography were
      performed at rest and after pacing. Asynchrony and outward wall motion were
      quantified by segmental area-time curves. At rest, there were no differences in
      asynchrony and time constant between 10 patients with coronary artery disease and
      10 normal subjects, while the early-filling rate was less in patients with
      coronary artery disease than in normal subjects. Six coronary artery disease
      patients with isolated left anterior descending disease displayed anterior
      outward wall motion which was less than that of normal subjects. In 10 coronary
      artery disease patients with pacing-induced angina, asynchrony increased, time
      constant prolonged and the early-filling rate decreased. In 6 coronary artery
      disease patients with isolated left anterior descending disease, anterior outward
      wall motion decreased after pacing. Thus, impaired early diastolic filling at
      rest in patients with coronary artery disease and normal systolic function may
      result not from asynchrony nor impaired relaxation, but from reduced regional
      outward wall motion of the affected area supplied by diseased coronary artery
      during early diastole. However, during ischaemia temporal asynchrony and impaired
      relaxation possibly add to left ventricular filling impairment in patients with
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4044066
TI  - Quantification of myocardium at risk in unstable angina: comparison of patients
      with and without previous infarction.
AB  - We studied two subgroups of patients with unstable angina pectoris: 35 without
      (Group A) and 73 with (Group B) previous myocardial infarction. The severity of
      coronary artery disease was assessed by means of a previously described scoring
      system. This scoring system was used to calculate the proportion of left
      ventricular myocardium fed by significantly (greater than 75% luminal area
      reduction) stenosed coronary arteries (called percent myocardium threatened). To
      estimate the amount of myocardium lost by previous infarction we used a four
      point wall motion score for each of seven left ventricular wall segments: a value
      of 2 was given to normokinetic segments, 1 for hypokinetic segments, 0 for
      akinetic and -1 for dyskinetic segments. The deficit in wall motion score was
      used to estimate the amount of myocardium infarcted. This was then subtracted
      from the proportion of myocardium threatened to yield the proportion of
      myocardium still in jeopardy. We found a different extent and severity of
      coronary artery disease between the two subgroups. In the group without previous
      infarction, the numbers of patients with one-, two- and three-vessel disease were
      15, 9, and 11, respectively (or 43, 26, and 31%). In those with a previous
      infarction, the respective numbers were 11, 23, and 39 (or 15, 31.5, and 53.5%).
      This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The mean number
      of stenotic arteries was 1.9 +/- 0.9 in the patients without previous infarction
      and 2.4 +/- 0.7 in those with an infarction (P less than 0.05). Using the above
      mentioned scoring system the score was 3.2 +/- 1.4 in patients without previous
      infarction and 4.0 +/- 1.6 in those with previous infarction (P less than 0.05).
      The percent myocardium threatened was 53.6 +/- 24.1 vs. 68.7 +/- 24.7 (P less
      than 0.01). Wall motion score was 13.8 +/- 0.6 in Group A and 10.6 +/- 3.1 in
      Group B (P less than 0.01), which gives values for the proportion of myocardium
      infarcted of 1.6 +/- 4.2 and 24.2 +/- 22.0%, respectively. The percentage still
      in jeopardy (after subtracting that infarcted from that threatened) was 51.8 +/-
      22.7 in those without and 44.2 +/- 31.1 in those with a previous infarction: this
      difference is not statistically significant. We conclude that patients with
      unstable angina pectoris who have sustained a previous myocardial infarction have
      more severe coronary artery disease than similar patients without previous
      infarction. The amount of left ventricular myocardium still in jeopardy of
      becoming infarcted is, however, the same.

PMID- 4044067
TI  - Meteorological influences on myocardial infarction in the metropolitan area of
      Milan.
AB  - We attempted to relate admission rate for acute myocardial infarction with some
      meteorological variables in a region having a temperate climate. We used 2830
      consecutive episodes collected over a 2-year (1979-1980) period. The
      temperatures, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, front passage, rain and
      snow and foehn wind have been associated in the past with acute myocardial
      infarction. No significant association with any of them was found in our study,
      nor any correlation over the time between admission rates in six different
      Coronary Care Units (at the time the only ones active in the area) which
      participated in the study.

PMID- 4044068
TI  - Influence of the chosen model of stenosis on pressure-flow relationships in
      isolated perfused arteries.
AB  - Passive changes in luminal diameter caused by a fall in the intravascular
      distending pressure at the site of a severe coronary artery stenosis were
      recently proposed as a possible cause of transient myocardial ischaemia. We
      tested this hypothesis in 5 dog carotid arteries perfused with blood at a
      constant inflow (100 mm Hg) and variable outflow pressures (40-0 mm Hg). Similar
      degrees of stenosis were induced either with an external circumferential snare or
      with an intravascular fluid-filled balloon catheter. In 39 experiments outflow
      pressure was progressively decreased from 40 to 0 mm Hg. This was done first in
      the absence of stenosis, secondly with an external stenosis (snare) and finally
      with an internal stenosis of comparable severity (fluid-filled balloon). When
      stenosis was absent or intraluminal, flow increased progressively from 109.1 +/-
      39 to 136 +/- 55 ml/min (P less than 0.06) and from 23 +/- 16 to 34.2 +/- 16
      ml/min (P less than 0.001), respectively. Resistance also rose because flow
      increased proportionally less than the pressure gradient. Conversely, when
      stenosis was produced by a snare, flow decreased progressively, from 23.9 +/- 17
      to 10.7 +/- 15 ml/min (P less than 0.001). Assuming the reduction of flow was
      caused by the external stenosis compressing the wall into the lumen (against the
      intravascular pressure) we prepared an artificial vessel with a foam rubber wall
      inside a silastic tubing. In this artificial vessel (but not in a glass model) a
      snare stenosis caused reduction in flow when outflow pressure was lowered.
      Passive changes in caliber due to a reduced distending pressure do not therefore
      appear to be a cause of flow reduction.

PMID- 4044069
TI  - Combined cardiac cinefluoroscopy, exercise testing and ambulatory ST-segment
      monitoring in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease; a report of 104
      symptomatic patients.
AB  - To enhance diagnostic accuracy in coronary artery disease, cardiac
      cinefluoroscopy for the detection of coronary artery calcification was combined
      with exercise test and ambulatory ST-segment monitoring in 104 symptomatic
      patients before they underwent coronary angiography. In 44 patients with typical
      angina the combination of the three noninvasive tests and the exercise test alone
      both detected 92% of subjects with clinically important coronary artery disease.
      In 60 patients with atypical angina, the combination of the three noninvasive
      tests screened 77% of the subjects with clinically important coronary artery
      disease versus 43% after exercise test only (P less than 0.001). The exercise
      electrocardiogram was false negative in a substantial number of patients with
      atypical angina due to the presence of a good coronary reserve or to a daily
      circadian variation in the tone of the coronary arteries. Under these
      circumstances, cardiac cinefluoroscopy gave additional anatomic information to
      the physiological assessment of ischemia provided by the exercise test and
      ambulatory ST-segment monitoring. Our study suggests that the combination of
      cardiac cinefluoroscopy with other noninvasive tests may be particularly useful
      in screening atypically symptomatic populations.

PMID- 4044070
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in hospitalized patients.
AB  - Piperacillin is an extended-spectrum penicillin active against Pseudomonas. It
      has been documented to be effective in the treatment of complicated urinary tract
      infections and urosepsis. Much of the pharmacokinetic information available is
      obtained from normal subjects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate
      piperacillin pharmacokinetics in hospitalized patients. Ten clinically stable
      hospitalized urology patients were given 4 grams of piperacillin intravenously in
      a single dose. Serial blood samples were then obtained and serum piperacillin
      concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The
      following pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- SD) were determined: half-life =
      1.09 +/- 0.31 h, elimination rate constant = 0.69 +/- 0.22 h-1, volume of
      distribution = 0.36 +/- 0.13 l/kg, total body clearance = 0.230 +/- 0.054 l/h/kg.
      These parameters are comparable to those obtained in normal subjects except for
      the volume of distribution which is slightly higher than that reported in healthy
      volunteers. Pharmacokinetic information obtained in healthy subjects may,
      therefore, be applied to the clinically stable hospitalized urology patient.
      However, changes in pharmacokinetic characteristics may be found in the
      critically ill patient with compromise in hemodynamics and significant third
      spacing of fluid.

PMID- 4044071
TI  - A pharmacokinetic study of cefoperazone.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic study of cefoperazone on rats showed long half-life in serum
      and kidney. The most remarkable finding was that the drug was not detected in the
      fraction of mitochondria and lysosomes in all the experiment animals. The finding
      suggests the low nephrotoxic characteristics of cefoperazone.

PMID- 4044072
TI  - Sorbitol induced diarrheal illness model.
AB  - Twenty-five normal volunteers participated in this study to develop a model of
      diarrheal illness. The ideal model would induce diarrhea with consistent onset of
      18 to 24 hours duration of watery stools, and have few associated symptoms.
      Groups of five to six each were studied. Volunteers who received castor oil
      experienced watery stools of short duration associated with abdominal cramps,
      making it an unacceptable model of disease. Sauerkraut and prune juices
      inconsistently caused watery stool. Seventy percent sorbitol induced watery
      diarrhea with few associated symptoms, and of five to six hours duration. The
      administration of 45 ml of 70% sorbitol six hours apart induced watery stools
      that met our objective and should be a suitable model for future drug testing of
      anti-diarrheal medications.

PMID- 4044073
TI  - Hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of propranolol and atenolol in cirrhosis
      patients.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic properties of propranolol and atenolol were evaluated both in
      9 patients with cirrhosis and in 12 healthy subjects. The hemodynamic effects of
      the drugs were evaluated separately in the cirrhotic patients. Propranolol and
      atenolol significantly decreased wedged hepatic venous pressure and cardiac
      output in cirrhotic patients. Propranolol Cmax, tmax and AUC were significantly
      increased and plasma half-life was significantly prolonged in cirrhotic patients.
      In contrast, the corresponding pharmacokinetic values of atenolol were not
      significantly different in cirrhotic patients and in healthy subjects.

PMID- 4044074
TI  - Influence of food on the rate and extent of absorption of theophylline after
      single dose oral administration of a controlled release tablet.
AB  - Rate and extent of absorption of theophylline were determined in 7 healthy
      volunteers on pre- as well as on postprandial administration of commercially
      available controlled release tablets (Theograd-350 mg). In fasting subjects,
      maximum serum theophylline concentrations of 3.8 +/- 1.2 mg X 1(-1) (mean +/- SD)
      were reached at 3.4 +/- 1.2 hours after dosing, whereas under non-fasting
      conditions maximum serum levels of 5.8 +/- 1.3 mg X 1(-1) were found at 7.4 +/-
      1.4 hours after the tablet was given. The bioavailability increased from 65 +/-
      8%, observed on preprandial administration to 87 +/- 14%, when Theograd-350 mg
      tablets were taken after a meal. In conclusion, Theograd-350 mg tablets have a
      predictable absorption and give relatively high (87%) bioavailability, if the
      tablets are taken after a meal.

PMID- 4044075
TI  - Changes in plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels after salbutamol.
AB  - Administration of salbutamol--in a single dose of 0.5 mg i.v. and in a dose of 8
      mg twice daily during two weeks--was associated with an increase of HDL
      cholesterol concentration in the serum of patients with chronic bronchitis and
      severe airway obstruction. At the end of the second week of oral treatment with
      salbutamol, the HDL-cholesterol concentration in serum increased by 6.9% (p less
      than 0.01).

PMID- 4044076
TI  - Model independent pharmacokinetic study of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II).
AB  - The disposition of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP) was evaluated in 8
      patients with cancer. They received 80 mg/m2 of CDDP as a 20 min i.v. infusion.
      Sixteen blood samples and sixteen urine samples were obtained over 6 hours
      following the completion of cis-platinum infusion and were assayed for total
      platinum by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. There was a great variation
      among maxima urinary concentrations (123 to 1436 mumol . l-1) and an important
      decrease of diuresis appeared 3 hours after the infusion. Model independent
      pharmacokinetic parameters: distribution volume and renal elimination clearance
      were determined. The calculated distribution volumes suggest an extremely rapid
      diffusion of CDDP into the peripheral compartment. The ratio of total platinum
      clearance to creatinine clearance decreased 75 min after infusion, this being the
      consequence of the variation of protein binding or nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4044077
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of Josamycin in patients with liver cirrhosis and Gilbert's
      syndrome after repeated doses.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of Josamycin was studied in 31 subjects (10 normals, 9
      Gilbert's syndrome and 12 compensated liver cirrhosis) after the administration
      of Josamycin (1 g orally) and in 13 subjects (4 normals, 4 Gilbert's syndrome and
      5 compensated liver cirrhosis) after 3-day Josamycin treatment (1 g orally every
      12 hours). Josamycin pharmacokinetics was impaired in liver cirrhosis and, to a
      lesser extent, in Gilbert's syndrome. Moreover, in the three groups of
      individuals studied the drug accumulated after multiple dosing. These results
      suggest that a dosage adjustment of Josamycin is recommended when dealing with
      these patients.

PMID- 4044078
TI  - Methadone-maintained mothers: 3-year follow-up of parental functioning.
AB  - A group of 57 methadone-maintained mothers and 31 matched drug-free controls were
      compared on their ability to provide adequate child care, capacity for satisfying
      interpersonal relationships, and motivation for self-improvement. Results
      indicate that, as a group, methadone mothers require more assistance in
      parenting, are more socially isolated, and are less likely to pursue vocational
      and educational activities. The interpersonal and environmental impact of poor
      parenting further compounds the effects of in utero exposure to methadone,
      placing these infants at high risk.

PMID- 4044079
TI  - The intervention approach to drunk driver rehabilitation. Part I. Its evolution,
      operations, and impact.
AB  - In the campaign against drunk driving, the "third-generation" Weekend
      Intervention Program (WIP) met its clinical goals and was superior to education
      and treatment programs when treating DWI recidivists. Even in the face of the
      harsher legal climate in the case of WIP, this new intervention approach produced
      a lower recidivism rate than the control group. These positive findings suggest
      the need for further research with larger cell samples.

PMID- 4044080
TI  - The intervention approach to drunk driver rehabilitation. Part II. Evaluation.

PMID- 4044081
TI  - A longitudinal study of marijuana effects.
AB  - One hundred regular marijuana users volunteered to be extensively interviewed in
      1968-1970, and 97 were located and reinterviewed 6 to 8 years later. As part of
      each interview the subjects filled out a checklist review of 105 effects of
      marijuana. This report focuses on the differential patterns of effects found at
      the two time intervals. Scores on groupings of items were examined for changes
      over time. Reports of sensory and hallucinatory items dropped substantially.
      Reports of appetite effects, sex effects, and intoxication effects on sleep
      remained stable. Reports of cognitive effects, mood effects, and aftereffects on
      sleep appeared to be shifting from desirable to undesirable, with the frequency
      of desirable effects dropping while frequency of undesirable effects remained the
      same.

PMID- 4044082
TI  - A clinical approach to the impaired health professional.
AB  - In recent years it has become abundantly clear that health professionals are at
      high risk for addiction to drugs and alcohol. Addiction is here defined as
      compulsion, loss of control, and continued use in spite of adverse consequences.
      Obviously health professionals with these symptoms are dangerous both to
      themselves and to their patients. Destigmatization at the community level,
      identification of addicts, intervention, and diversion into treatment are
      important factors in dealing with the problem. Programs for diversion and support
      are being developed in California for impaired physicians, nurses, and
      pharmacists. These are replicable elsewhere for helping impaired health
      professionals.

PMID- 4044083
TI  - Quantified human smoking behavior among various disease categories.
AB  - The present study reports the various quantified aspects of smoking behavior
      among patients (N = 244) with seven primary diagnostic categories; namely,
      neoplasms, endocrine, blood, circulation, respiratory, digestive, and GU. The
      study results indicate that patients with neoplasms and respiratory patients had
      longer puff durations than those in the other diagnostic categories. Patients
      with circulatory problems took longer to smoke a cigarette than patients with
      other diseases. Furthermore, patients with neoplasms tended to have higher tar
      delivery per cigarette than patients with other diseases. Finally, endocrine
      patients had the highest level of nicotine delivery per cigarette, with neoplasms
      and respiratory patients at the lowest level. These findings suggest a need for
      quantifying smoking behavior among patients of different disease categories in
      further studies.

PMID- 4044084
TI  - A test of nonrespondent bias in a family-based study: a research note.
AB  - The increasing use of family samples from "normal" populations (as opposed to
      clinical samples) in substance abuse research raises concern about the validity
      of responses from participating families. Nonparticipating families may have
      greater numbers of substance users who wish to conceal problems, when compared to
      families which cooperate with researchers. Unobtrusive analyses of institutional
      records of a health maintenance organization comparing families agreeing to
      participate in a substance use study (N = 508) with those families unwilling to
      participate (N = 538) reveal no significant differences in the use of chemical
      dependency services between the two groups. Surveys of the non-participating
      families indicate that the major reasons for noncooperation were the lack of time
      and inconvenience in getting family members together. These findings suggest the
      feasibility of sampling families from normal populations.

PMID- 4044085
TI  - The interface of drugs, genetics, and man. Part I. Drug actions/effects, manner
      of use, organismic factors, and ethical issues and considerations.

PMID- 4044086
TI  - The discouragement of smoking in a hospital setting.
AB  - Attitudes toward smoking among hospital patients and employees, smoking rates in
      specified areas, and the sales of tobacco products were assessed prior to a
      hospitalwide smoking discouragement program. Discouragement efforts consisted of
      the distribution of antismoking posters, educational materials, and displays, and
      placement of signs on the hazards of smoking at all hospital entrances and at the
      points of sale of cigarettes in the hospital canteen. Results show some
      significant decreases in the sale of tobacco products, changes in attitudes to
      become more critical of smoking, and changes in the smoking rate in the canteen
      eating area and main lobby.

PMID- 4044087
TI  - Intervention models for adaptation in a world of chemicals: a values approach.
AB  - A schema is presented designed to help intervention agents and agencies plan and
      carry out programs to facilitate individual and group adaptation to and within a
      world of an increasing variety of types of chemicals through selected value foci.

PMID- 4044088
TI  - Extended immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide using controlled-release
      polymeric implants.
AB  - An effective method of prolonged immunosuppressive therapy using cyclophosphamide
      incorporated into acrylic bone cement has been developed. We have studied the
      effect of this form of administration of cyclophosphamide on circulating immune
      cells and the inflammatory response. When the slow release mode of
      cyclophosphamide administration was compared with conventional systemic therapy,
      it was found to produce a more rapid and prolonged immunosuppression. A dose
      response relationship was established and the biological effects of varying the
      composition and surface area of the implant were determined. The inflammatory
      response, assessed by measuring the mobilisation of cells into subcutaneously
      implanted sponges, was also depressed using this mode of administration. These
      results, coupled with the commercial availability and existing clinical approval
      of Simplex P bone cement, suggest that the procedure could lead to useful
      clinical protocols.

PMID- 4044089
TI  - The immunological activity of plant toxins used in the preparation of
      immunotoxins--II. The immunodepressive activity of gelonin.
AB  - The immunological activity of Gelonin, a 30,000 dalton plant protein possessing
      close similarity to Ricin chain A as a protein synthesis inhibitor which may be
      of interest for the preparation of antibody-toxin conjugates, was studied in
      mice. At in vitro concentrations not affecting baseline radioactivity uptake,
      this substance reduced mitogen responses with the following order of sensitivity
      PHA less than ConA less than LPS. In microgram/ml concentrations it also markedly
      reduced macrophage-dependent cytotoxicity while not affecting NK activity.
      Macrophagic (but not NK) cytotoxicity and mitogen responses were similarly
      depressed after in vivo treatment. When given before (but not after) stimulus,
      Gelonin also reduced the primary responses to a T-dependent and, although to a
      lower degree, to a T-independent antigen, and decreased resistance to allogeneic
      tumor grafts and L. monocytogenes challenges. The immunopharmacological activity
      of this and similar substances should be considered in the design of antibody
      toxin conjugates and in the evaluation of their therapeutic activity.

PMID- 4044091
TI  - Regulation of histamine receptor concentration on human PBMC by homologous
      hormone.
AB  - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) preincubated with 10(-3)M
      histamine at 37 degrees C, washed and incubated with 3H-histamine showed a
      reduction in the binding of the labelled hormone as compared to cells which had
      not been pretreated with histamine. Using competitive binding assays it was
      further shown that the number of specific binding sites for histamine was reduced
      by 46-62%. However, the affinity of receptors as indicated by Kd values remained
      unaltered. It would thus appear that elevated levels of histamine lead to down
      regulation of histamine receptors on human PBMC with a quantitative reduction in
      the number of binding sites without an alteration in their affinity
      characteristics. In view of the fact that histamine receptors have been shown to
      be present on suppressor lymphocytes, the down-regulation of these receptor sites
      may have relevance in physiological and disease states where perturbations in the
      levels of histamine are observed.

PMID- 4044090
TI  - Effect of thymosin alpha one on specific antibody response and susceptibility to
      infection in young and aged mice.
AB  - The antibody response to a variety of antigens has been shown to diminish with
      age. We investigated the capacity for Thymosin Alpha One (T alpha 1) treatment to
      augment antibody production in tetanus toxoid (TT) and pneumococcal capsular
      polysaccharide (PN) inoculated young and old mice. We also measured survival of
      these immunized mice after aerosol exposure to Streptococcus pneumoniae. As
      predicted antibody response to TT, but not PN, was significantly reduced in the
      old animals and T alpha 1 augmented antitetanus antibody in both young and old
      mice. T alpha 1 did not have an effect on anti pneumococcal antibody production.
      All mice that had received PN did have an antibody response, yet survival after
      exposure to the organism was strikingly less in the old animals. Our data support
      the contention that antibody response to T-dependent antigens (such as tetanus
      toxoid) falls with aging but can be reconstituted somewhat by thymic factors.
      Furthermore, for T-independent antigen (such as pneumococcal capsular antigens)
      the age-related changes are less evident. In the latter situation, the presence
      of a brisk antibody response after vaccination was not sufficient to prevent
      pneumonia and death in old animals.

PMID- 4044092
TI  - Characterization of histamine H-1 receptors on human mononuclear cells.
AB  - Histamine H-1 receptors on peripheral human mononuclear cells were characterized
      by radioligand binding of the H-1 receptor antagonist [3H]pyrilamine to
      lymphocyte-rich preparations. Simultaneous computerized analyses of sixteen
      separate equilibrium-binding assays indicated the presence of two distinct
      classes of binding sites with dissociation constants (Kds) of 4 +/- 1 nM and 55
      +/- 9 microM and binding capacities of 21 +/- 7 fmol and 117 +/- 15 pmol/million
      cells, respectively. Competition binding curves for displacement of
      [3H]pyrilamine binding by histamine receptor agonists and antagonists also
      indicated the presence of multiple binding sites for the H-1 receptor. Further,
      the ED50 values determined for histamine receptor agonists and antagonists were
      entirely consistent with the expected rank order of potency for interactions with
      H-1 receptors. Thus, human mononuclear cells have a large number of H-1 receptors
      that exhibit two distinct binding sites, and the Kds for these sites are within
      the range of histamine concentrations achieved either in physiologic states or
      after mast cell (or basophil) degranulation.

PMID- 4044093
TI  - Iota-carrageenan induced reaginic antibody production in the rat--I.
      Characterisation and kinetics of the response.
AB  - The intraperitoneal injection of graded amounts of ovalbumin into inbred PVG
      strain rats was found to produce a dose dependent anti-ovalbumin antibody
      response without eliciting the production of ovalbumin-specific reaginic
      antibodies. The injection of ovalbumin admixed with iota-carrageenan enhanced the
      anti-ovalbumin response and simultaneously elicited the de novo production of
      reaginic anti-ovalbumin antibodies. Isotype analysis of the anti-sera revealed
      the presence of both IgG and IgE class anti-ovalbumin antibodies and demonstrated
      that non-reaginic IgE anti-ovalbumin antibodies were also a feature of this
      reaction. The reaginic antibody phase of the response, although transient in
      nature, was re-elicited by secondary antigen challenge. The administration of
      ovalbumin prior to the ovalbumin-carrageenan preparation was shown to abrogate
      the reaginic antibody response without significantly influencing the non-reaginic
      component of the response. Conversely the injection of iota-carrageenan prior to
      antigen, significantly suppressed the normal agglutinating anti-ovalbumin
      response but did not prevent the induction of reaginic antibodies. These
      observations demonstrate that iota-carrageenan can, under specific conditions,
      function as an efficient adjuvant, and is capable of by-passing the normal
      mechanisms responsible for controlling antigen specific reaginic antibody
      production.

PMID- 4044094
TI  - Opposite effects of cyclophosphamide pretreatment on tuberculin hypersensitivity
      during the course of sensitization of mice with Mycobacterium bovis BCG.
AB  - The influence of cyclophosphamide (CY) pretreatment upon the development of
      tuberculin hypersensitivity has been studied during the course of infection of
      mice with BCG. An enhancement of the DTH response to BCG antigens occurred during
      the induction phase, whereas a depression of this response occurred at the peak
      and during the decay phase of sensitization. The development of the early DTH
      promoting and of the late DTH-depressing effect of CY was favoured by the use of
      a supra-optimal dose of BCG. Both these effects were cell-dependent since they
      could be transferred adoptively to syngeneic recipient mice with sensitized
      lymphoid cells but not with specific immune sera. Pretreatment with CY favoured
      the emergence of cells capable of responding in vitro to BCG antigens in the
      draining lymph nodes of BCG-infected mice. No simple association however, exists
      between this in vitro lymphocyte transformation response and the DTH response.

PMID- 4044095
TI  - The serum pharmacokinetics of digoxin as an immunogen and hapten in the rabbit.
AB  - 3H-digoxin was given intradermally 4 weeks before, and at 6 and 44 weeks after
      immunisation with a 3H-digoxin-human serum albumin conjugate. Before
      immunisation, the serum digoxin distribution and elimination half-life (t1/2)
      values were 4.2 h and 2.1 days respectively. The immunogen-associated
      radioactivity showed characteristic fluctuations during a prolonged distribution
      phase of about 5 days, but the t1/2 of 2.7 days was similar to that of digoxin,
      indicating that appreciable cleavage of digoxin from the albumin may have
      occurred during the distribution period. At 6 weeks after immunisation, following
      hapten injection there was again a prolonged distribution phase of about 5 days
      during which concentration of digoxin were some five-fold higher than
      corresponding pre-immunisation values. The serum elimination t1/2 was 4.1 days.
      At 44 weeks the differences were even more marked; the distribution phase was
      some 7 days, during which serum hapten concentrations were approximately ten-fold
      higher than pre-immunisation values. The serum elimination t1/2 was in this case
      about 25 days. Surprisingly digoxin-specific antibody titres at 6 and 44 weeks
      were not significantly different, indicating that measurement of titre, which is
      a function of both antibody concentration and affinity, is not in itself reliable
      in predicting changes in hapten pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 4044096
TI  - A comparison of the effects of hydrocortisone on peritoneal inflammatory
      exudates, the tuberculin reaction and contact sensitivity-to DNFB in the guinea
      pig.
AB  - Hydrocortisone acetate, injected subcutaneously in five doses in a depot
      producing vehicle, causes prolonged suppression of the ability of guinea pigs to
      produce a chronic inflammatory reaction in the peritoneal cavity and also of the
      tuberculin reaction. This suppression of the tuberculin reaction persists for at
      least 65 days after the last dose of hydrocortisone. Suppression of both
      peritoneal exudate and the tuberculin reaction was associated with a preferential
      depletion of macrophages at the reaction site. A similar regime had no effect on
      the ability of guinea pigs to manifest contact sensitivity reactions to 2,4
      dinitrofluorobenzene although there was a similar drop in macrophages in the
      lesion. It appears that the effect of hydrocortisone on delayed hypersensitivity
      reactions is not directly related to the functional contribution of macrophages
      in the inflammatory reactions, and may be related to the site of the inflammatory
      reaction in the skin.

PMID- 4044097
TI  - A synthetic vaccine against influenza with built-in adjuvanticity.
AB  - In a previous publication we demonstrated that an anti-viral response against
      influenza can be achieved by immunization with a conjugate of the synthetic
      peptide corresponding to the sequence 91-108 of the hemagglutinin, when
      administered in complete Freund's adjuvant. In the present study we compare the
      adjuvant activity of the synthetic MDP with that of CFA and alum, in the above
      mentioned immunological system. The level of anti-peptide antibodies raised by
      the three adjuvants was similar, with only slight variations, yet, only CFA led
      to significant cross reaction with the virus. Nevertheless, MDP, when linked
      covalently to the conjugate (91-108)-TT was an efficient substitute for CFA in
      inducing anti viral protection against in vivo challenge infection. The
      administration of free MDP in a mixture with the peptide-toxoid conjugate did not
      lead to a significant protection.

PMID- 4044098
TI  - Effect of lentinan on the chemiluminescence produced by human neutrophils and the
      murine macrophage cell line C4M phi.
AB  - Lentinan, an immunopotentiating polysaccharide, stimulates the production of
      chemiluminescence (CL) by human neutrophils and the murine macrophage cell line
      C4M phi. The CL enhancing effect of lentinan opsonized in human serum is greater
      than that of lentinan itself. Lentinan's stimulation of neutrophil CL was
      increased by 1/2 when opsonized in human serum inactivated at 56 degrees C to
      remove complement, while the CL was increased two fold by lentinan opsonized in
      whole serum. This indicates that C3b and immunoglobulin contribute separate
      signals in the activation process mediated by opsonized lentinan. The distinct
      roles of the C3b and Fc receptors was further illuminated by the finding that an
      Fc receptor-negative cell line was unresponsive to lentinan opsonized in heat
      inactivated serum (56 degrees C), whereas it exhibited a five fold increase in CL
      in response to lentinan opsonized in serum containing complement. Lentinan in an
      opsonized form can stimulate the production of CL via C3b and Fc receptors. This
      mechanism may be considered as one mode of action of lentinan and other similar
      immunopotentiating and antitumour glucan-type polysaccharides.

PMID- 4044099
TI  - Depression of Con A proliferative response of immune cells by in vitro hyperoxic
      exposure--protective effects of thiol compounds.
AB  - Time dependent response for hyperoxic exposure was determined in vitro on ConA
      proliferative response of rat splenocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and
      thymocytes. The proliferative responses were evaluated after different lengths of
      hyperoxic exposure (12-72 h, FiO2 = 0.95). After 24 h oxygen exposure, the spleen
      cell viability assessed by dye exclusion was normal but DNA synthesis was
      markedly suppressed in the above three types of cells. Total or partial
      protection of the mitogenic response to ConA was obtained by 2-mercaptoethanol,
      reduced glutathione or L-cysteine addition in culture medium; only
      selenomethionine had no protective effect. Thymic cells showed a different
      response-curve: after 6 h exposure to normobaric oxygen DNA synthesis was
      decreased and was not restored by any of the thiol compounds tested. In this
      respect, these cells demonstrated different susceptibility to an oxidant injury,
      i.e. exposure to high oxygen concentration. From a pharmacological point of view
      O2 exposure and altered immune response could be proposed as a useful model for
      screening the antioxidant drug activity.

PMID- 4044100
TI  - Thymosin alpha 1 exerts protective effect against the 5-FU induced bone marrow
      toxicity.
AB  - Thymosin alpha 1 was shown to prevent the 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)-induced bone
      marrow toxicity in BDF1 mice, as determined by the cellularity, haemopoietic stem
      cells (CFU-s) and granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit (GM-CFU).
      Furthermore, thymosin alpha 1 increased the levels of colony stimulating factor
      (CSF) in sera or in culture media of spleen cells derived from 5-FU-treated mice.
      The treatment of spleen cells with anti-Thy 1,2 antibody plus complement
      abolished completely the CSF production. The in vivo treatment of donor mice with
      anti-Thy 1,2 antibody following 5-FU abolished completely the capability of their
      bone marrow cells to save lethally irradiated recipients. Thymosin alpha 1
      treatment prevented the damage by such combined treatment. The present study
      indicates that thymosin alpha 1 exerts its protective effect against the 5-FU
      induced bone marrow toxicity, at least partially, through its effect on the
      maturation of immature T cells to functional T cells which produce various kinds
      of lymphokines including CSF.

PMID- 4044101
TI  - In vitro inhibition of the activation of the human complement and coagulation
      systems by chloroquine.
AB  - The ability of chloroquine to inhibit the activation of the complement and
      coagulation systems was investigated. The activation of the classical pathway of
      complement by antibody coated sheep erythrocytes and aggregated IgG was blocked
      by chloroquine. Similarly, it prevented normal rabbit erythrocytes and zymosan
      from activating the the alternative pathway of complement. The activation of C3
      by immune complexes of different solubilities also was inhibited by this drug. In
      addition, it abrogated the clotting of plasma by calcium chloride and thrombin.
      This effect could be reversed by the addition of excess thrombin but not of
      calcium chloride. It is suggested that the inhibition of these two important
      phlogistic mediator systems of inflammation may contribute to the anti
      inflammatory property of chloroquine.

PMID- 4044102
TI  - Prediction of maximal effort bicycle ergometer endurance performance.
AB  - Fifteen competitive cyclists and 15 subjects not involved in competitive cycling
      were studied to determine the relationship between VO2max, lactate threshold
      (LT), fixed blood lactate concentrations, body composition parameters, and
      maximal effort bicycle ergometer performance. The subjects were assessed for
      VO2max, LT, VOLT, and VO2 associated with blood lactate concentrations of 3, 4,
      5, and 6 mM/l (VO2 3 mM-VO2 6 mM/l), using an incremental protocol on the bicycle
      ergometer. Body composition was determined by underwater weighing. Subjects also
      completed two 10-min drop-off performance tests (starting at 70 rpm) at the same
      absolute power output (4.5 kg resistance, 1890 kgm/min) (ABS) and at the same
      relative power output (the highest power output completed for 3 min on the VO2max
      test) (REL). Metabolic measures and revolution scores were collected on a minute
      by-minute basis during the performance tests. The results indicated that the
      competitive cyclists had higher VO2max (4.25 +/- 0.39 vs 3.50 +/- 0.54 l/min);
      VO2 LT (2.91 +/- 0.55 vs 1.66 +/- 0.49 l/min); VO2 3 mM, VO2 4 mM, VO2 5 mM, VO2
      6 mM, VO2 LT/VO2max (68.5 +/- 11.2 vs 47.2 +/- 10.9 %); max resistance (5.70 +/-
      0.56 vs 4.63 +/- 0.67 kg); and resistance at LT (3.57 +/- 0.70 vs 1.93 +/- 0.68
      kg) as compared to the noncompetitive subjects (P less than 0.05). Correlational
      analysis revealed poor prediction between metabolic measures and the homogeneous
      cumulative rpm scores during the REL test.2+ subjects (r = 0.60 to
      0.90).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044103
TI  - Variability of aerobic performance in the laboratory and its physiologic
      correlates.
AB  - To study the physiologic basis of variability of physical performance in the
      laboratory, ten male subjects were studied once a week, during a 9-12 month
      period. Previously, the reference maximal work load attained (Wref) was
      determined in each subject. The test protocol of the actual study was based on
      the individual Wref and started at 70% Wref for 5 min whereupon the work load was
      increased by 5% Wref every 2.5 min to exhaustion. The maximal work load attained
      (Wmax) was considered as the test performance. Heart rate, respiratory variables,
      oxygen uptake (VO2), and blood lactate concentration were determined at each work
      load. The rate of perceived exertion during submaximal and maximal work was also
      scored. In all subjects, Wmax and VO2max varied randomly, while the coefficient
      of variation in VO2max (4.20% - 11.35%) exceeded that in Wmax (2.95%-6.83%). No
      seasonal influences on VO2 max and Wmax were observed. In all subjects the
      physiologic variables, when plotted as a function of external work load, were
      shifted to the right with higher Wmax values and to the left with lower Wmax
      values. With lower Wmax values, the rate of perceived exertion during submaximal
      work tended to increase. The results suggest that the magnitude of physiologic
      responses to exercise is related to relative work load and that variability of
      physical performance is related to changes in gross mechanical efficiency.

PMID- 4044104
TI  - Influence of caffeine on blood lactate response during incremental exercise.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that caffeine ingestion prior to exercise would delay the
      onset of blood lactate accumulation, eight male subjects were studied during
      incremental exercise to maximal work rates on a cycle ergometer under two
      conditions: 1 h after ingestion of 200 ml of either decaffeinated, calorie-free
      cola (control trial) or the same cola drink with 5 mg caffeine/kg body weight
      added (caffeine trial). Maximal exercise values for oxygen consumption (VO2 max),
      ventilation, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio (R), work rate, and blood
      lactate were not affected by caffeine. Submaximal exercise VO2, ventilation, and
      R also were unaffected by caffeine. During the caffeine trial, submaximal
      exercise blood lactate was significantly higher and heart rate significantly
      lower than during the control trial (P less than 0.05). The lower exercise heart
      rate at the same VO2 resulted in a significantly greater O2 pulse during all
      submaximal exercise intensities for the caffeine trial (P less than 0.05). Data
      on R indicated that caffeine had no effect on substrate utilization during
      exercise. Data on exercise blood lactate response suggested that caffeine does
      not delay and may accelerate the onset of blood lactate accumulation during
      incremental exercise. When defined as either a "breakpoint," delta l mM (above
      resting lactate), or fixed level of 4 mM, the lactate threshold (LT) did not
      differ between caffeine and control trials. However, in using a 2 mM lactate
      level as a criterion, the LT during the caffeine trial (2.13 +/- 0.22 l X min-1)
      was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than during the control trial (2.71 +/
      0.17 l X min-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044105
TI  - Insulin sensitivity in joggers: evaluation by mini-dose insulin infusion test.
AB  - Insulin sensitivity in seven joggers was evaluated by a minidose insulin infusion
      test. The results were compared to those of 22 healthy nonjoggers with a mean
      body weight within +/- 115% of ideal body weight. The mean increase over base
      line of the individual steady-state insulin levels were delta 25 microU/ml (range
      15-42 microU/ml) for controls and delta 16 microU/ml (range 11.2-23.4 microU/ml)
      for the joggers. The smaller incremental rise in insulin concentration most
      likely is due to an increased insulin turnover. The declines in glucose
      concentrations from 10 min after the infusion began to a nadir were similar in
      controls (28 +/- 2.4 mg/dl) and in the joggers (33.7 +/- 3.6 mg/dl). However, the
      insulin sensitivity index, defined as the rate of plasma glucose decline divided
      by the increment rise in insulin, was clearly higher in the joggers (0.098 +/-
      0.009 vs 0.057 +/- 0.005, P less than 0.05). We conclude that the joggers as a
      group are more sensitive to insulin. The simplicity of a mini-dose insulin
      infusion should be useful in longitudinal studies where the effect of physical
      training on insulin sensitivity may be of interest.

PMID- 4044106
TI  - Effects of endurance training on the androgenic response to exercise in man.
AB  - Six healthy subjects, aged 35.8 +/- 4.4 years, volunteered to participate in a 40
      week training program on a bicycle ergometer [three 60-min sessions per week at
      80%-85% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max)]. Before training and at the 10th,
      20th, 30th, and 40th weeks of the training program, plasma testosterone,
      cortisol, and androstenedione concentrations were measured at rest (t0) and at
      the end (t60) of a 1-h endurance exercise requiring 85%-90% of VO2 max. Training
      resulted in significant increases of anaerobic threshold (12.6%) and VO2 max
      (7.3%). The training program did not significantly alter the resting values of
      plasma testosterone, androstenedione, and cortisol; in contrast, the exercise
      responses (delta = t60-t0) of testosterone, androstenedione, and cortisol were
      increased. The highest amplitude of these responses was reached at the 30th week
      for cortisol and androstenedione and at the 40th for testosterone. These results
      suggest that long-term training enhances both testicular adrenal and responses to
      endurance exercise. The possible role of hormonal changes in the mobilization of
      energy substrates during exercise is discussed.

PMID- 4044107
TI  - Heart rate break point may coincide with the anaerobic and not the aerobic
      threshold.
AB  - Recently, Conconi et al. (4) proposed that the point where heart rate departs
      from linearity in an incremental exercise test is a good predictor of the aerobic
      threshold (AeT, i.e., the exercise intensity at which blood lactate concentration
      increases systematically above resting levels). We hypothesized that this heart
      rate break point (BrP) is a better predictor of the anaerobic threshold (AnT,
      i.e., the exercise intensity at which blood lactate concentration shows a rapid
      rise during an incremental test). To test this hypothesis, 11 subjects with
      different levels of conditioning were tested on a cycle ergometer using a
      progressive incremental exercise protocol. Heart rate from EKG tracings and blood
      samples for lactate determination were taken every minute. The results showed the
      following significant correlation coefficients when the variables were expressed
      in watts: AeT and AnT = 0.92; AeT and BrP = 0.89; AnT and BrP = 0.97. The AeT was
      significantly lower than the BrP (166.4 +/- 52.6 W and 234.5 +/- 69.5 W). There
      was no significant difference between the AnT and BrP (240.0 +/- 67.1 W and 234.5
      +/- 69.5 W). Another group consisting of 16 subjects performed two tests to
      evaluate the reproducibility of the BrP. Although a ventilatory AnT (defined as a
      consistent decrease in the fraction of expired CO2) was noted in all the tests,
      eight subjects failed to demonstrate a BrP in at least one of the evaluations,
      even though post-exercise blood lactate levels and peak heart rates were
      consistent with a maximal effort.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044108
TI  - Physiologic changes in rowing performance associated with training in collegiate
      women rowers.
AB  - To evaluate the physiologic changes in rowing performance during the training
      season, selected cardiorespiratory variables were measured three times at 3-month
      intervals in seven collegiate women rowers during incremental exercise on the
      rowing ergometer. Values for maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and peak power
      production increased by 14% and 18%, respectively, over the 6-month period.
      Maximal heart rate was unchanged with training. Oxygen-pulse increased
      significantly (+ 14%) during the training season, while the ventilatory
      equivalent for oxygen did not change. Oxygen consumption as a percent of VO2 max
      and heart rate at the anaerobic threshold (AT) decreased during the first 3
      months of predominantly aerobic training, but increased significantly in the last
      3 months with greater anaerobic conditioning. The changes demonstrated by
      physiologic testing corresponded to the particular type of training emphasized
      during the 6-month period. Serial measurements of VO2 max and AT can be used to
      assess the benefits of specific training. Based on these results, individual
      guidelines for aerobic and anaerobic conditioning can be developed using the
      heart rate response at the AT.

PMID- 4044109
TI  - Effect of boxing on some metabolic indices of muscular contraction.
AB  - Muscular contraction, especially if it is protracted or particularly intense,
      causes notable changes in the substrate and enzymes involved. Marked changes have
      been found in the serum levels of myoglobin and CK in individuals subjected to
      very stressful physical work. This phenomenon has usually been attributed to the
      repeated and intense muscular traumas inherent in certain sporting activities. In
      the light of these facts, the authors decided to perform a study on amateur
      boxers aimed at measuring the difference between simple muscular work (shadow
      boxing) and traumatic activity (real boxing) in terms of their effect on a number
      of humoral parameters, especially myoglobin and CK. The serum levels of these two
      latter substances were found to increase more after real boxing than after shadow
      boxing.

PMID- 4044110
TI  - Southwest Chapter--American College of Sports Medicine. Las Vegas, Nevada,
      November, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 4044111
TI  - Importance in training physiology and clinical importance of anaerobic capacity.
      International congress. St. Johann, Tyrolia, 19-21 September 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4044112
TI  - Sheep in wolf's clothing: impact of normalisation teaching on human services and
      service providers.
AB  - A historical review of the development of the normalisation concept is
      undertaken, with an appraisal of the various historical contributions. The
      underlying assumptions, research foundations and methods of information
      transmission are examined with respect to implications for the concept. A
      critically evaluative stance is recommended in order to assess the utility and
      validity of normalisation beyond a position of moral principle and sloganeering.
      Some possible consequences of normalisation advocates who maintain an inflexible
      position in this debate are identified, together with some recommendations for an
      alternative perspective.

PMID- 4044113
TI  - Physico-mechanical aspects of decubitus prevention.
AB  - Reviewed is the theory of tissue deformation as cause of decubitus, as developed
      in cooperation with two Dutch Rehabilitation Institutes and two Dutch
      Rehabilitation Research Institutes. Also reviewed are the conditions of the
      prevention of decubitus concerning the support of the human body in the lying
      situation. The consequences of the new anti-deformation theory for the lying
      support are discussed. A classification is given of the existing lying-down
      support systems. Examples of the three categories of existing lying-down support
      systems are given and discussed in general.

PMID- 4044115
TI  - The Society for Research in Rehabilitation. Proceedings of scientific meetings,
      1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 4044114
TI  - Children at-risk: child abuse in Denmark.
AB  - In Denmark there have been few case reports on child abuse, but only one
      epidemiological study conducted in 1969. We have therefore initiated a number of
      countrywide studies by contacting all pediatric departments, Institutes of
      Forensic Medicine and the public health officers in Denmark. The present study
      describes the findings from the city of Copenhagen during 1970-79. Only 27
      children, mostly under seven years of age, were registered. Information on
      pregnancy, delivery, neonatal period and the children's former development
      provided significant findings. All the registered families belonged to the lowest
      social class, half of the children had a history of previous abuse, one third of
      siblings had also previously been abused and one third of the wives were
      "battered wives". In 2/3 of the cases the father-figure was the perpetrator. The
      study showed an urgent need for a more coherent policy on child abuse and child
      welfare, general guidelines on interdisciplinary work, communication, prevention,
      community work and follow-up. Practical guidelines for involvement with child
      abuse are proposed and it is recommended to establish child abuse teams in
      Denmark, also in order to deal with prevention at the pre- and postnatal level.
      The pediatric departments should get more involved with community and social work
      in order to deal with child abuse and neglect at an early stage, where the abuse
      can be prevented.

PMID- 4044116
TI  - Dermatology looks to the future.

PMID- 4044117
TI  - Changes of inner space.
AB  - This paper describes the relationship between the experiential aspects of the
      concept of inner space and of emptiness. This is based on the change of inner
      experience of a borderline patient during analysis from one of empty space to one
      of real space. The analysis is described and the relationship of inner space to
      schizoid and depressive emptiness elaborated, together with the emergence of a
      healthy inner space (positive emptiness). The components of the capacity to
      experience inner space from infancy onwards are enumerated and discussed.

PMID- 4044118
TI  - Cruelty and narrowmindedness.
AB  - The contention of this paper is that human understanding modifies cruelty, and
      that in order that cruelty can remain unmodified various mechanisms are employed.
      The most important processes include the worship of omnipotence which is felt to
      be superior to human love and forgiveness, the clinging to omnipotence as a
      defence against depression, and the sanctification of grievance and revenge. In
      order to avoid conscious guilt, the perceptions of the mind are narrowed to give
      ostensible justification to the cruelty, and the obviation of redeeming features
      in the object. The paper explores how these processes operate and how by virtue
      of projection the analyst's interpretations are perceived as cruel, and how the
      patient arranges to be locked in this vicious circle. Technical problems of
      dealing with these forces are explored together with the task of bringing alive
      the human concern that modifies cruelty.

PMID- 4044119
TI  - The female analyst and the erotized transference.
AB  - The concept of erotized transference is discussed from Freud's original writings
      on the subject to those of recent contributors. It is noted that there exists an
      almost complete absence of reports in the literature of male patients developing
      an erotized transference to their female analysts. The question of how
      significant the gender of the analyst is in the unfolding of the transference and
      its vicissitudes is raised. It is maintained that the four possible
      analyst/analysand dyads differ qualitatively in that resistance and
      identification in the transference may be enhanced or inhibited by the gender of
      the analyst and/or the homosexual or heterosexual nature of the dyad. The
      erotized transference to the female analyst is focused upon as a vehicle to the
      study of such qualitative differences. It is hypothesized that the expression of
      strong erotic urges to the female analyst by the male patient is somewhat
      inhibited by the fantasy of the overwhelming pre-oedipal mother. In contrast,
      such erotic feelings are freely expressed by the female patient. Two cases, a
      male and a female, are described to support the above hypothesis.

PMID- 4044120
TI  - On transference manifestations in male patients with female analysts.
AB  - The transference issues that are specific to the psychoanalysis of male patients
      by female analysts have not been widely discussed in the literature. Most of the
      literature on this subject has indicated, contrary to the findings reported here,
      that full and intense erotic transference manifestations are rarely if ever seen
      in this therapeutic dyad. In order to clarify the issues, we have offered some
      definitions that may serve as a framework for future discussions. We have
      utilized clinical examples from the psychoanalyses of five patients to illustrate
      certain aspects of the transference. We have demonstrated that male patients
      display a full range of erotic transference phenomena with female analysts and
      have focused attention on certain special features of these tranferences. For
      example, in some cases it was only after considerable analysis of defences
      against aggression that the erotic transference manifestations emerged fully. We
      have also shown that paternal transferences occur regularly, though they may be
      difficult to elucidate until the later stages of analysis. We have paid special
      attention to the feared loss of maleness that attends male patients'
      identification with their female analysts.

PMID- 4044121
TI  - The oedipal experience: effects on development of an absent father.
AB  - This paper discusses the effects on both child and adult when there has been a
      loss of the father through separation or divorce in the first five years of life.
      It is written with regard to the psychoanalytic treatment of individuals who have
      experienced such a loss of the father. The first part of the paper deals with the
      developmental effects on the child from the viewpoints of the pattern of oedipal
      development, superego structuralization, identification and sexual
      identification, and the analytic treatment process. The second part gives brief
      accounts of the analyses of two adults. It is proposed that while analysis of
      such patients may achieve a certain level of success, there may in some cases
      remain a relatively intractable degree of narcissistic interference and an
      impairment in their capacity to make an internal separation from the remaining
      primary object, the mother.

PMID- 4044122
TI  - 'Everybody must be just like me': observations on female castration anxiety.
AB  - The concept of primary femininity entails an assumption that the girl develops
      some mental representation of genital femaleness at an early age. I have
      suggested one form that such a mental representation may take and a particular
      expression of female castration anxiety that may develop in consequence. I have
      suggested that the young girl begins by assuming that everyone has a vulva like
      hers, with the possibility of an opening and the possibility of an inside space.
      Among the consequences of such an assumption may, in certain girls, be the
      development of a castration fantasy in which males represent the frightening
      possibility that such an opening in a female could be endangered, lost, or closed
      up as that opening is imagined to be in males. I have suggested that certain
      sterotypic features of the ways in which some women characterize men (i.e. men
      are emotionally closed, unable to be receptive, without access to inner feelings
      or sensitivities, etc.) may be understood at least in part as derivatives of this
      fantasy.

PMID- 4044123
TI  - Phantasy effects that which it represents.
AB  - This paper sets out to show that phantasy does not just inhabit a mental realm
      within the individual. With the help of some clinical examples, it tries to
      demonstrate that phantasy is itself an active agent, so that the image within the
      phantasy is brought into effect through a subtle stimulation of the social
      environment. The paper ends by suggesting the way in which this can happen.

PMID- 4044124
TI  - Family pathology and the infantile neurosis.
AB  - In this study we have attempted to investigate the connection (in the sense of a
      complex interplay) between the infantile and the adult neurosis where severe
      family pathology has been an important determining force. In the clinical
      illustrations of two female patients we tried to determine the fate (i.e. in
      terms of the compulsion to repeat) of the early infantile conflicts and
      experiences within the purview of their pathological family condition. In sorting
      this out, we distinguished between those repetitions viewed as passive
      reproductions and those repetitions viewed, as re-creative; the former finding
      their way essentially into the adult neurosis, the latter finding their way into
      parts of the personality under the aegis of their ego's organizing activity. The
      fashion in which the family pathology impinged upon the adult neurosis made the
      development of the transference in the analytic situation a most difficult arena
      for clarification, since there was a tendency to confuse past (early) events,
      past fantasy, current reality and current fantasy. In concluding we noted that
      both Oedipus complex and oedipal drama came together in these patients, revealing
      the link between the tragedy of their life-long family situation and what was
      termed a 'fate neurosis'.

PMID- 4044125
TI  - Acute coronary occlusion: oxygen pressure in the border zone studied in the pig.
AB  - The area between ischemic and normal myocardium after acute coronary occlusion
      the border zone-is of great interest. It has been proposed that this area
      contains reversibly damaged myocardium subjectable to myocardial salvage. Twenty
      Swedish land race pigs were studied, 13 after acute occlusion of the left
      anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), while seven served as controls. We
      measured tissue oxygen pressures (ptO2) subepicardially with the MDO electrode.
      This is a multiwire surface electrode measuring ptO2 with eight individual
      platinum wires. Hundred and twenty values were collected in each measuring
      situation. The electrode was positioned on the lateral border zone, measurements
      were performed before and 5, 30 and 120 min after LAD occlusion. In five cases
      successful measurements were performed across the border zone. A mixture of
      normal and ischemic ptO2 values was found 5 min after occlusion. After 30 min of
      occlusion the number of ischemic values decreased and this was particularly the
      case after two hours of occlusion. The results support the view that the border
      zone was very narrow. The reduced number of ischemic values after two hours of
      permanent LAD occlusion also indicated that the border zone may be narrow but not
      necessarily fixed but instead dynamic. In this case there was a spontaneous
      decrease of the ischemic area.

PMID- 4044126
TI  - Microscopic studies on the influence of erythrocyte concentration on the post
      junctional radial distribution of leukocytes at small venular junctions.
AB  - The influence of flow patterns and erythrocyte concentration on the post
      junctional radial position of leukocytes was studied in microvascular junctions
      in an isolated mesocaecum preparation and in vivo in the rat cremaster muscle.
      Main branch and side branch dimensions (mesentery) were approximately 60
      micrograms and approximately 20 micrograms, respectively. For the analysis the
      main branch was divided into three equally wide sectors. Firstly, the
      observations indicate that the main branch and side branch flows remain separated
      downstream of a junction and, secondly, that the blood cells mainly leave the
      junction within their original streams. At zero hematocrit 71-87.5% of the
      leukocytes from the side branch flowed in the closest main branch sector; 12.5
      29% reached the central sector-the lowest numbers were seen in the central sector
      when the flow velocity ratio, main branch-side branch was 2:1. No cells became
      marginated. At 20% and 40% hematocrit, all leukocytes from the side branch flowed
      in the closest main branch sector. Marginated leukocytes in the side branch or
      upstream in the main branch remained marginated only if passing the junction on
      the uninterrupted wall. In the cremaster muscle, 3-capillary confluences were
      studied. The blood from the capillaries seemed to flow in three separate streams
      in the venule. Since these streams were narrower than those observed in the
      mesentery, the leukocytes in the capillaries producing the peripheral streams
      continued to flow in contact with the vascular wall, i.e. they became marginated
      in the venules without any lateral movement. On the basis of this study and
      previous work it is proposed that the radial position of leukocytes downstream of
      a junction is determined not only by leukocyte-erythrocyte interactions but also
      by the specific flow patterns that arise in microvascular confluences.

PMID- 4044127
TI  - Differential vulnerability of male and female rats to the timing of various
      perinatal insults.
AB  - The results of five experiments showed that exposure to diazepam, hypoxia and
      monosodium glutamate during the prenatal or early postnatal period of rapid brain
      development may result in different behavioral consequences depending on the
      timing of the exposure rather than the nature of the agent. Moreover, male and
      female offspring may be affected differently by the same agent at different
      periods of development. Prenatal insults of various kinds impair the later
      performance of males but not the females in a complex learning task, while
      postnatal insults seem to affect detrimentally this same behavior in both males
      and females. The effects of perinatal insults on maze learning and open field
      activity do not lend themselves to explanation by "feminization" or
      "masculinization" of behavior caused by interference with prenatal gonadal
      hormones.

PMID- 4044128
TI  - Topography of the hemi-inattention syndrome.
AB  - The hemi-inattention syndrome was studied in 15 right-handed adults, 12 men and 3
      women. One patient had a pontic-mesencephalic lesion, 3 had right hemisphere
      damage, 7 had left-hemisphere lesion and 4 had bilateral lesions. All lesions
      were confirmed by CT-scan. Different criteria of hemi-inattention were used. All
      patients presented extinction, inattention and in 13 visuomotor akinesia; 5 of
      the left and all of the right and bilateral lesion patients presented spatial
      neglect. CT-scans were superimposed. The posterior parietal region was the most
      important in producing contralateral hemi-inattention. Results are discussed with
      relation to the literature and the educational factor and cerebral asymmetry are
      discussed with regard to hemi-inattention.

PMID- 4044129
TI  - Effects of impeded breathing on auditory brainstem responses in conscious man.
AB  - Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) recorded in two groups of 10 normal volunteers
      were compared under conditions of impeded and unimpeded breathing. Impedance to
      breathing was accomplished by adding inspiratory flow-resistive loads of varying
      magnitude. Loaded breathing selectively augmented the amplitude of ABR components
      generated in the vicinity of the pontomidbrain junction. Peak latencies and other
      peak amplitudes of the ABR were unaffected. These findings suggest that the ABR
      procedure may serve as a direct noninvasive approach to the assessment of
      brainstem respiratory functions in conscious humans.

PMID- 4044130
TI  - Are lateral differences in word processing modulated by concreteness,
      imageability, both, or neither?
AB  - The classic right visual field superiority for the processing of words by normal
      subjects is reduced when stimuli are highly imageable or concrete. Given that
      these two properties are correlated, imageability and concreteness are tested
      separately in order to decide which is determinant. In the first experiment, 16
      normal subjects were given a lexical decision task with laterally visually
      displayed stimuli (360 items); in the second experiment, 16 other normal subjects
      were given a task of reading laterally displayed words (180 items). In both
      experiments, the usual right field advantage emerged. It was affected neither by
      imageability nor by concreteness in the first experiment. In the second, the
      right field superiority appeared, except for highly imageable words, in males
      only, but this interaction was not clearly interpretable. Analysis of errors
      suggests that the right hemisphere could be sensitive to the imageability of
      words and the left to their concreteness.

PMID- 4044131
TI  - Memory characteristics in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - With regard to Parkinson's disease there are contradictory opinions concerning
      whether the severity of the disease, the patient's age, or the application of
      aids influence the patient's short term memory. In a 4 X 2 X 2 semifactorial
      design these conditions were tested on 24 healthy persons and 72 patients
      suffering from Parkinson's disease. The stimulus material consisted of 30 nouns
      belonging to 6 categories. The severity of the disease, the age of the patients,
      and the interaction between severity and assistance determined conditions of the
      patient's memory achievement.

PMID- 4044132
TI  - Behavior disorders and laterality of cerebral function.
AB  - A dichotic listening test was employed to test the hypothesis that behavior
      disorders might have an abnormal laterality patterns of cerebral function.
      Eighteen behavior disorder out-patients of the psychiatry department at an
      university hospital and seventeen normal subjects were requested to recall
      dichotically presented words. The results showed that compared with the normal
      controls, the subjects with behavior disorders yielded less prominent right ear
      advantage, lesser response ear alternations, but better overall performances. The
      results do not support the hypothesis of the left hemisphere dysfunction in
      behavior disorders but suggest the possibility of the right hemisphere
      dysfunction.

PMID- 4044133
TI  - Attention to television: intrastimulus effects of movement and scene changes on
      alpha variation over time.
AB  - Central and occipital EEG alpha were used as an on-line measure of momentary
      changes in covert attention during television viewing. Alpha was recorded during
      nine 30-second commercials shown embedded in a half-hour situation comedy. Two
      time series were constructed for data analysis. A stimulus series consisted of
      codes representing the presence or absence of scene changes or person and object
      movement for each half-second interval of the commercials. The alpha series
      consisted of median alpha scores for each half-second interval, aggregated across
      26 subjects. The alpha series was regressed on the movement and scene change
      series, both of which produced significant increments in R, even after
      autocorrelational effects inherent in the alpha series were removed. As a
      validity check on the attentional interpretation of alpha, it was shown that mean
      alpha for each commercial was significantly (negatively) correlated with recall
      and recognition of commercial contents. The results are discussed in terms of
      their implications for further use of continuously-recorded alpha in research on
      factors that influence attention to television.

PMID- 4044134
TI  - Cortical visual evoked potentials during the sleep-wakefulness cycle in the
      freely moving cat. A dynamic study.
AB  - The dynamic features of visual evoked potentials, elicited by a light emitting
      diode chronically implanted in the frontal sinus of the freely moving cat, were
      studied during sleep stages by means of calculation of the power spectra of the
      EEG prior to the stimulus and the poststimulus EEG which contain the single
      evoked potential. The statistical analysis between mean frequencies from both EEG
      prior to the stimulus and single evoked potential, within each sleep stage,
      showed that the main changes occurred during slow sleep, with a significant
      increase in the percentage of the alpha band. These results are interpreted as a
      partial desynchronization evoked by the visual stimulation during the
      synchronized phase of sleep.

PMID- 4044135
TI  - Psychomotor decline can be described by discontinuities in response trajectories.
AB  - Force exerted in the isometric button-press response in a choice reaction time
      experiment was measured in order to study discontinuities in the response
      trajectory. Groups of young and elderly subjects were compared on performance
      with four choice reaction time tasks of varying difficulty. An additional
      comparison (with one task only) was made with a group of brain-damaged subjects.
      Velocity changes within the response trajectory were used to locate its
      discontinuities. The principal finding was that response discontinuities were
      least frequent in young subjects, intermediate in elderly, and most frequent in
      brain-damaged. Also, in the comparison of young and elderly across four stimulus
      conditions, the number of discontinuities was greater with more difficult than
      with easier tasks. Psychomotor decline was interpreted as an increase in the
      number of response discontinuities.

PMID- 4044136
TI  - Hemispheric differences in the perception of positive and negative faces.
AB  - Thirty-two right-handed subjects (15 males and 17 females) participated in a
      study investigating the effects of the perception of positive and negative
      emotional stimuli on choice reaction time. Slides of faces showing positive
      (happy, surprise) or negative (anger, disgust, sadness) affect were presented via
      a tachistoscope to either the right or left visual field. A 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 mixed
      analysis of variance with repeated measures over the factors of hand used by
      visual field by affect across sex of subject revealed a main effect for visual
      field (with slightly faster responses to stimuli presented in the right visual
      field) and a strong affect by visual field interaction with positive facial
      slides identified more quickly than negative facial slides when presented to the
      right visual field.

PMID- 4044137
TI  - An investigation of hemispheric asymmetry in size and semantic discriminations
      and related visual ERPs.
AB  - The present study examined possible hemispheric differences in discriminations of
      different sizes of geometric shapes (rectangles) and different meanings of words,
      and determined whether left and right hemisphere derived visual event related
      potentials (ERPs) were related to performance. Eighteen right-handed subjects (10
      male and 8 female) participated in two separate sessions conducted on different
      days. The visual ERPs were recorded from over left parietal (P3) and right
      parietal (P4) scalp locations. Subjects were required to make discriminations of
      three words (PARE, PAIR, PEAR) and three sizes of rectangles (small, medium,
      large). Each word and rectangle was singly presented for 40 msec at 1 degree 24
      minutes of arc to the left and right of central fixation (LVF and RVF
      respectively). The major findings were as follows: 1) there were no performance
      and ERP differences between hemispheres in the verbal task; 2) the left
      hemisphere excelled in the spatial task; however, ERPs derived from the two
      hemispheres were similar; 3) subjects experienced greater difficulty in their
      discriminations of geometric size, as compared to words, regardless of field of
      presentation. Discrimination of size seemed to have influenced P3 (P300) latency,
      i.e., it was longer (both hemispheres) when subjects made size discriminations as
      compared to words. It was proposed that the more difficult discriminations
      involved in size discrimination required a greater time for stimulus evaluation
      and that this was reflected in the delayed P3 response.

PMID- 4044138
TI  - Abnormal electrophysiological responses to successive stimuli in patients with
      cortical damage or multiple sclerosis.
AB  - We studied the cortical potentials of normal subjects and patients with
      unilateral hemisphere damage to two simultaneous or successive stimuli. Both
      groups showed variations in the interaction between the signals evoked by the
      stimuli as a function of interstimulus interval. However, the anomalous stimulus
      response function obtained from the patient group suggests pathological signal
      interaction. Data obtained from patients with multiple sclerosis were similar to
      those of the cortical-injury group suggesting that localized cerebral damage is
      not requisite for the disturbed profiles. We hypothesize that the results
      indicate abnormal temporal processing by these patients and propose that the
      defect may underlie visual illusions reported by patients with cerebral
      pathology.

PMID- 4044139
TI  - Radiolabeled L-fucose for diagnostic oncology: preliminary studies in mice and
      rats using L-1-14C-fucose.

PMID- 4044140
TI  - Relation between the location of elements in the periodic table and tumor-uptake
      rate.
AB  - The bipositive ions and anions, with few exceptions, indicated a low tumor uptake
      rate. On the other hand, compounds of Hg, Au and Bi, which have a strong binding
      power to protein, showed a high tumor uptake rate. As Hg2+, Au+ and Bi3+ are soft
      acids according to the classification of Lewis acids, it was thought that these
      ions would bind strongly to soft bases (R-SH, R-S-) present in tumor tissue. For
      many hard acids such as 85Sr2+, 67Ga3+, 181Hf4+, and 95Nb5+, tumor uptake rates
      are shown as a function of ionic potentials (valency/ionic radii) of the metal
      ions. Considering the present data and previously reported results, it was
      presumed that hard acids of trivalence, quadrivalence and pentavalence would
      replace calcium in the calcium salts of hard bases (calcium salts of acid
      mucopolysaccharides, etc.). Ionic potentials of alkaline metals and Tl were
      small, but the tumor-uptake rate of these elements indicated various values. As
      Ge and Sb are bound by covalent bonds to chloride, GeCl4 and SbCl3 behaved
      differently from many metallic compounds in tumor tissue.

PMID- 4044141
TI  - Protein-binding and urinary excretion of 99mTc(Sn)-MDP and 99mTc-MDP.
AB  - In an incubation experiment the Human Serum Albumin (HSA) binding of 99mTc-MDP
      (electrolytically labeled) and 99mTc(Sn)-MDP is established. During the
      incubation some pertechnetate is formed and in the case of 99mTc(Sn)-MDP also
      some hydrolyzed 99mTc. The HSA binding of 99mTc-MDP is less than the HSA binding
      of 99mTc(Sn)-MDP as established with gel chromatography, TCA-precipitation,
      ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrafiltration. TCA-precipitation seems to be
      an insufficient method for determining the protein binding of 99mTc(Sn)-MDP. The
      urinary excretion in rats shows only one 99mTc-compound in both cases. The bone
      seeking properties of the urine-excreted 99mTc-compound were confirmed in another
      rat.

PMID- 4044142
TI  - Biodistribution of [14C]PnAO in rats.
AB  - The biodistribution of [14C]3,3'-(1,3-propanediyldiimino)-bis(3-methy 1-2
      butanone)-dioxime, [( 14C]PnAO) was determined in anesthetized rats. The results
      of this study show that there is no significant brain accumulation or retention
      of the uncomplexed ligand in the brain.

PMID- 4044143
TI  - Lymphomatous intracardiac mass detected by radionuclide ventriculography.
AB  - A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphocytic lymphoma with cardiac involvement shown as an
      intracardiac-filling defect on the radionuclide ventriculogram is presented. The
      non-invasive diagnostic methods for cardiac lymphoma work-up are discussed. The
      known causes of cardiac-chamber filling defect(s) are reviewed.

PMID- 4044144
TI  - Distribution and mechanism of uptake of 111InCl3 in a tumor model for lymph node
      metastases.
AB  - The localization of 111In activity in the tumor and draining lymph nodes of the H
      4-II-E ACI rat hepatoma was investigated following the injection of 111In
      chloride. In this tumor model, the tumors metastasize to the regional lymph nodes
      in male rats only. The following experiments were performed: (a) biodistribution
      of 111In; (b) correlation of 111In uptake with [3H]thymidine; (c) gamma camera
      imaging; (d) autoradiography; (e) iron competition and (f) binding of 131I
      transferrin to H-4-II-E cells. Tumor-to-muscle ratios of 111In in males were
      4.9:1 in the primary tumor and 9.1:1 in the metastatic lymph nodes 24 h post
      injection. In the lymph node metastases in the males, a significant correlation
      between 111In uptake and [3H]thymidine was observed (r = 0.737) suggesting that
      111In uptake in the metastases is related to cellular proliferation. No such
      correlation was observed in either primary tumors (both male and female) or in
      the draining lymph nodes of the females. Metastatic lymph nodes in males could be
      detected in gamma camera images while draining nodes in females could not be
      delineated. Injection of ferric citrate prior to 111In administration resulted in
      a significant reduction of 111In uptake in the liver, spleen and tumor and
      increased the amount of activity recovered from the kidney. Measurements of the
      binding of 131I-labeled rat transferrin to H-4-II-E cells in vitro suggest that
      these cells display transferrin receptors.

PMID- 4044145
TI  - Benzydamine: a new therapeutic concept for the treatment of inflammation.
      Proceedings of a symposium presented at the 1st World Conference on Inflammation,
      Antirheumatics, Analgesics, Immunomodulators. Venice, Italy, 16-18 April 1984.

PMID- 4044146
TI  - Aspects of the mechanisms of action of benzydamine.
AB  - Benzydamine shows some properties that are common with other nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but displays also properties which are different
      from those of other NSAIDs. It inhibits prostaglandin and thromboxane
      biosynthesis at high concentrations, which however can be reached by topical
      application of the drug. It has no inhibiting effect on amino-acid
      decarboxylases, which are inhibited by various NSAIDs. Benzydamine has no effect
      on sulphydryl-group reactivity, contrary to most NSAIDs. It inhibits platelet
      aggregation and the inhibition of the collagen-induced aggregation appears to be
      rather selective with respect to other NSAIDs. It displays a stabilizing effect
      on erythrocyte membranes which appears related to its high affinity for membranes
      in general, and it inhibits the respiratory burst of stimulated human monocytes
      and granule enzyme release by human neutrophils.

PMID- 4044147
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of benzydamine.
AB  - Clinically, benzydamine can exert its action locally or systemically.
      Consequently the pharmacokinetics of this drug have been studied after its
      administration by several different routes. Oral doses of benzydamine are
      apparently well absorbed and plasma drug concentrations reach a peak fairly
      rapidly (e.g. 0.8 micrograms/ml after a 100-mg dose) and then decline with a half
      life of about 13 h. Less than 20% of the drug is bound to plasma proteins.
      Assuming complete oral systemic availability, values of 193 ml/min and 213 litres
      respectively were calculated for the systemic clearance and volume of
      distribution of benzydamine. Cutaneous doses of benzydamine are more slowly
      absorbed and lead to peak drug levels about three-fold lower, but more persistent
      than those after oral administration. Although local drug concentrations are
      relatively large, the systemic absorption of mouthwash-gargle, vaginal and rectal
      doses of benzydamine is relatively low compared to oral doses: this lower
      absorption should greatly diminish the potential for any systemic drug side
      effects when benzydamine is administered by these routes. Benzydamine is
      metabolized primarily by oxidation, conjugation and dealkylation.

PMID- 4044148
TI  - Benzydamine cream in post-traumatic oedema.
AB  - The therapeutical effect of drugs for ankle distortions was quantified by a
      volumetric method and by load distribution during walking. The results obtained
      were comparable and showed that 5% benzydamine cream was very effective in the
      reduction of oedema of post-traumatic origin.

PMID- 4044149
TI  - Behaviourism and clinical psychiatry.

PMID- 4044150
TI  - Guilt feelings and locus of control of concentration camp survivors.
AB  - The present study compared concentration camp survivors and controls from the
      same ethnic and religious background on two variables: guilt feelings in everyday
      life and locus of control. No significant differences were found between
      survivors and controls. As for sex differences, it was found that women expressed
      significantly more guilt than men in "behaviors contrary to moral or ethical
      principles" and men were significantly more internal than women. The implications
      of these findings were discussed.

PMID- 4044151
TI  - Community psychiatry and it's discontents.

PMID- 4044152
TI  - Cultural phenomenology and residency training revisited: a personal account.
AB  - A field experience in the Northern Galilee area of Israel is described by a
      Senior American Resident in Psychiatry, with emphasis on the cultural aspects of
      the experience as well as the benefits related to professional maturation. The
      author discusses the field experience as part of a residency education, invites
      other such experiences, and compares his own experiences with others described in
      the literature.

PMID- 4044153
TI  - Jungle madness: some observations on expatriate psychopathology.

PMID- 4044154
TI  - Clinical aspects of cultural psychiatry on Guam.

PMID- 4044155
TI  - Gender differences in living conditions found among male and female schizophrenic
      patients on a follow-up study.
AB  - In four provinces of Canada schizophrenic patients who had received psychiatric
      treatment not less than 18 months and not more than 10 years earlier, were
      interviewed. Findings suggest that the female schizophrenic patient, having a
      later age of onset than the male patient, and being more likely to form a stable
      spousal union, appears to enjoy a protected status which confers with the
      benefits of higher income levels, better housing and lessened likelihood of being
      placed in residential care. A further demonstration of the advantaged
      circumstances of the female patients may well be their superior showing on
      functional outcome indicators, where they out-performed males on all indices
      except physical activity at significant levels of differentiation.

PMID- 4044156
TI  - Depressive disorders in the developing world.
AB  - In order to find out whether the finding of different prevalence rates for
      depression in rural and urban areas of India is supported by a difference in
      symptomatology as well, 30 rural and 42 urban hospitalized MDP-Depressed patients
      were compared on Hamilton Depression Scale and Schedule for Standardized
      Assessment of Patients with Depressive Disorders. Symptoms of guilt, loss of
      concentration and memory were significantly more in urban patients whereas
      gastrointestinal somatic symptoms were significantly higher in rural subjects.
      The difference is probably due to urban subjects being more sophisticated,
      expressive and familiar with mental disorders as compared to rural patients who
      being more familiar with somatic illnesses tend to somatize their psychic
      distress.

PMID- 4044157
TI  - Attitudes of Turkish and American clinicians and Turkish psychology students
      toward mental patients.
AB  - A comparative study of Turkish and American clinicians and first and fourth year
      Turkish psychology undergraduates was carried out. The respondents' attitudes
      about the "behavior of a mental patient" were assessed through a semantic
      differential task. Statistical comparisons showed that the four groups were very
      similar to each other although there were some significant differences. The
      possibilities of Western influence, similar groups selecting the fields of
      psychiatry and psychology, and psychology students forming a special well
      informed group were discussed. A need for further research to clarify the
      findings was pointed out.

PMID- 4044158
TI  - Comparison of depressive symptomatology between Saudi and American psychiatric
      outpatients in an Eastern Province medical center, Saudi Arabia.
AB  - This study compares the responses to a self-report depression inventory
      administered to a sample of 243 Saudi and American expatriate psychiatric
      outpatients of a large Eastern Province medical centre in Saudi Arabia. The
      inventory was developed by Beck et al. (1961), and the Arabic language form was
      validated by West and Al-Kaisi (1982). A Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis
      revealed that American male patients tended to be more depressed than American
      female patients, Saudi female patients reported "depression scores" higher than
      those of Saudi male patients, and Saudi patients overall reported higher
      "depression scores" than American patients participating in the same study. The
      highest and lowest significant response frequencies for Saudis were: Pessimism (H
      = 74.26) and Hypochondria (H = 17.13); for Americans: Indecisiveness (H = 25.57)
      and Self-Image (H = 7.85). (Statistical significance when H = 7.82, p less than
      .05; H = 16.27, p less than .001; df = 3). Although explanations are offered, the
      appearance of psychopathology as designated by this cross-cultural scale requires
      further cultural examination.

PMID- 4044159
TI  - Effects of timolol, epinephrine, and acetazolamide on aqueous flow during sleep.
AB  - The effects of timolol, epinephrine, and acetazolamide on the rate of flow of
      aqueous humor through the anterior chamber of awake and sleeping human subjects
      was studied. Timolol reduced the rate in awake subjects but not sleeping
      subjects. Epinephrine increased the rate in sleeping subjects to a greater extent
      than in awake subjects. Acetazolamide reduced the rate of flow in awake subjects
      or epinephrine-stimulated subjects. Acetazolamide reduced the rate of flow
      slightly below the basal rate observed during sleep, but the reduction was small
      and not statistically significant. The authors propose that the diurnal
      fluctuation of the rate of aqueous humor flow in humans is driven by changes in
      the concentration of endogenous epinephrine available to the ciliary epithelia.

PMID- 4044160
TI  - Trabecular meshwork glycosaminoglycans in human and cynomolgus monkey eye.
AB  - The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) extractable from the trabecular meshworks (TM) of
      human and non-human primate eye have been analyzed by sequential enzymatic
      degradation and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. For comparison, similar
      extracts of the cornea, sclera, iris, and ciliary body have also been analyzed.
      The distribution of glycosaminoglycans in human and in cynomolgus monkey TMs are
      similar, although not identical. The human TM contains hyaluronic acid (HA),
      chondroitin-4-sulfate and/or 6-sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), keratan
      sulfate (KS), heparan sulfate (HS), and an unidentified band of Alcian Blue
      staining material, which is resistant to the enzymes that we used. Based upon
      quantitation of the Alcian Blue staining intensities of extracted GAGs, which
      have been corrected by a relative dye-binding factor, the GAGs of the human TM
      include: 29.0% HA, 14.1% CS, 21.5% DS, 20.3% KS, and 15.0% HS. The cynomolgus
      monkey trabecular GAGs include: 12.8% HA, 14.3% CS, 15.2% DS, 42.1% KS, and 15.6%
      HS.

PMID- 4044161
TI  - Superoxide dismutase and catalase of calf trabecular meshwork.
AB  - Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities have been measured in cell-free
      extracts of calf trabecular meshwork, and for comparison, in calf iris, retina,
      lens, liver, and erythrocytes. Gel electrophoresis has been used to identify
      isozymes of each enzyme. The superoxide dismutase and catalase activities per
      milligram wet weight of calf trabecular meshwork, 0.184 and 0.884 U/mg wet wt,
      respectively, were comparable to those found in iris and retina, and much higher
      than those found in lens. Three isozymes of superoxide dismutase were identified
      in trabecular meshwork. Two of these presumably correspond to cytoplasmic
      superoxide dismutase, while the third corresponds to a mitochondrial isozyme. A
      presumably mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity was also observed in iris
      and retina, but not in lens. A single catalase isozyme was found in all tissues
      examined. At physiologic H2O2 concentrations, catalase may have similar levels of
      activity to glutathione peroxidase. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and
      glutathione peroxidase may constitute an important defense mechanism of
      trabecular meshwork against the toxic O2-. and H2O2 to which it must be
      continuously exposed from endogenous production as well as from the aqueous
      humor.

PMID- 4044162
TI  - Effects of calcium on the steady outward currents at the equator of the rat lens.
AB  - The relationships between calcium and the steady outward currents at the equator
      of the rat lens were studied using the vibrating probe technique. In a calcium
      free medium, the current was greatly increased and it returned to its original
      level when calcium was restored to the medium. The Ca-free effect was not
      observed in Na-free medium. Iodoacetate (IAA) inhibited the initial current, but
      a current then returned which is referred to as a secondary current. The
      secondary current was not observed in a Ca-free medium and, therefore, it is
      thought to be a calcium-dependent potassium current. These responses are
      consistent with effects on potassium efflux measured by others and lend support
      to the interpretation that the outward currents observed at the equator of the
      rat lens are potassium currents. The currents are partially inhibited but not
      abolished in Na-free bathing medium. This is consistent with the view that the
      inward currents at the optical poles may be related to the influx of sodium.

PMID- 4044163
TI  - NMR analyses of the cold cataract. III. 13C acrylamide studies.
AB  - 13C-enriched acrylamide was employed to further delineate the action of this
      compound in preventing the cold cataract phenomenon when it is incorporated (in
      vitro) into young human and rabbit lenses. The extent of acrylamide
      incorporation, in the dark and with concurrent UV exposure, was monitored by 13C
      NMR spectroscopy. These studies provide further evidence that UV exposure causes
      permanent acrylamide photobinding within the lens. In such lenses, the gamma
      crystallin fraction of the soluble lens proteins is affected to the greatest
      extent. It appears to become aggregated and/or combined with the alpha and beta
      fractions resulting in an apparent loss of most of the gamma monomers. There is
      also an age-related effect with respect to the amount of acrylamide that can be
      incorporated into the lens. The decrease in acrylamide incorporation with age
      directly parallels the age-related decline in gamma crystallin levels.

PMID- 4044164
TI  - Patterns of herpes simplex keratitis in inbred mice.
AB  - The authors have investigated the course of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV) keratitis
      in three different inbred strains of mice infected with four different HSV
      isolates. Severity of ocular disease and mortality is dependent upon both the
      virus isolate and the host strain. In particular, the likelihood of progression
      from self-limited dendritic keratitis to severe necrotizing stromal keratitis
      varies markedly among the virus-host strain combinations tested. When mice from
      strains resistant to stromal disease are crossed with mice from strains
      susceptible to stromal disease, the F1 offspring are resistant, suggesting that
      the gene(s) controlling resistance is dominant. Corneal stromal keratocytes and
      embryo fibroblasts from inbred mice differ significantly in their ability to
      support the replication of HSV in vitro. HSV replicates more efficiently in vitro
      in keratocytes from mice susceptible to stromal keratitis than it does in
      keratocytes from mice resistant to stromal keratitis. These findings provide
      evidence in an animal model for both virus- and host-related mechanisms that
      determine susceptibility to stromal keratitis.

PMID- 4044165
TI  - Zonulae adherentes pore size in the external limiting membrane of the rabbit
      retina.
AB  - The interphotoreceptor space (IPS) of the retina is bordered by the retinal
      pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, and Muller cells and surrounds the
      photoreceptor outer and inner segments. It contains a matrix composed of
      glycosaminoglycans and proteins, including interphotoreceptor retinol-binding
      protein (IRBP). The matrix does not diffuse sclerad through the tight junctions
      that link cells of the pigment epithelium or vitread beyond the point at which
      photoreceptors and Muller cells are linked by zonulae adherentes that comprise
      the external limiting membrane (ELM). Biotinylated protein probes of known
      Stokes' radius were used to determine the pore size of the ELM. Following
      exposure of the photoreceptor side of isolated rabbit retinas to each protein,
      the extent of diffusion of the probe through the retina was determined by avidin
      D-horseradish peroxidase histochemistry. Each protein with a Stokes' radius of 30
      A or less diffused freely through the neurosensory retina while each protein with
      a Stokes' radius greater than 36 A was blocked abruptly at the ELM. Thus, the
      pore radius of the zonulae adherentes of the ELM lies between 30 and 36 A, which
      is sufficiently small to account for containment of IRBP (55 A) within the IPS.
      This study emphasizes that in addition to providing structural support, the
      zonulae adherentes of the ELM serve to define an important extracellular space of
      the retina. This has clinical relevance, since two serum proteins tested, albumin
      and gamma-globulin, are too large to diffuse through an intact ELM. This may
      explain why protein-rich fluid accumulates in the IPS when the outer blood
      retinal barrier is compromised by disease or injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4044166
TI  - Interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) in the RCS rat: effect of dark
      rearing.
AB  - The effect of light- and dark-rearing on the amounts of rhodopsin and
      interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) in RCS rats and their congenic
      controls (RCS-rdy+) was determined. Rhodopsin was measured spectroscopically and
      IRBP by dot-blot enzyme immunoassay utilizing rabbit antibovine IRBP IgG. After
      P15-20, dark-reared RCS and RCS-rdy+ rats always had more rhodopsin than their
      light-reared, age-matched counterparts. The rhodopsin in the light-reared RCS
      rats peaked at about 2 nmol/eye at P20-25. The rhodopsin in the dark-reared RCS
      rats peaked at about 4 nmol/eye at P60-70. Maintenance of RCS-rdy+ rats in
      darkness had no effect on their IRBP content, which continued to increase up to
      P80-110. In both groups of RCS rats, the amount of IRBP reached a peak at P22. In
      RCS rats maintained in darkness, the amount of IRBP attained at this peak was
      about twice that in the corresponding light-reared group and in RCS-rdy+ animals
      at this age. The decline of IRBP after P22 in RCS rats was slowed in darkness by
      approximately 10 days. This slowed decline of IRBP is associated with a decreased
      rate of photoreceptor degeneration, and the results are therefore consistent with
      the hypothesis that the photoreceptors synthesize and secrete IRBP. The layer of
      membranous debris would restrict the diffusion of IRBP in the subretinal space
      and could partially exclude this retinol transport protein from access to the
      zone adjacent to the apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).

PMID- 4044167
TI  - Glucagon and VIP in the retina.
AB  - Immunoreactive glucagon and immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      (VIP) have been demonstrated in neuronal elements in the retina of a number of
      species by immunohistochemistry. In the present study, the concentrations of
      glucagon-like and VIP-like material in retinae from different species were
      determined by radioimmunoassay. The retinal concentration of glucagon-like
      immunoreactivity was 10-35 pg/mg in goldfish, chicken, pigeon, and frog, whereas
      retinae from cow, pig, rabbit, and rat contained very little. Retinae from the
      latter four species were on the other hand rich in VIP-like material whereas
      retinae from cat, guinea pig, and goldfish contained very little. The glucagon
      like immunoreactive material in chicken and frog retina was subjected to gel
      chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results
      indicate that the extracted protein is of similar molecular size as porcine
      pancreatic glucagon, distinct from porcine glicentin. VIP immunoreactive material
      extracted from bovine retina was similar in molecular size as authentic porcine
      VIP by gel chromatography.

PMID- 4044168
TI  - Effect of laser photocoagulation on oxygenation of the retina in miniature pigs.
AB  - A large area of the posterior pole of the retina of the miniature pig was
      photocoagulated, and 2-3 wk later the PO2 in the preretinal vitreous was mapped
      with O2-sensitive microelectrodes. In the control retina, the PO2 was highly
      heterogeneous being much higher close to an artery than opposite an intervascular
      zone. After photocoagulation, PO2 opposite an intervascular zone was found to be
      significantly increased. A quantitative histologic analysis showed that in the
      photocoagulated areas more than 28% of the outer retina was destroyed. The
      authors conclude from these results that photocoagulation, by partially
      destroying the pigment epithelium-photoreceptor complex, causes an increase of
      the oxygenation of the retina.

PMID- 4044169
TI  - Anterior optic nerve blood flow in experimental optic atrophy.
AB  - This study attempts to establish whether neurogenic optic atrophy induces changes
      in anterior optic nerve circulation and to determine how noninvasive techniques
      of measuring blood flow in vivo compare to microsphere distribution. Five cats
      underwent unilateral optic nerve transection in the orbital apex and a sham
      procedure in the contralateral eye. Two to three months later, no abnormalities
      were detected by fluorescein angiography. Laser Doppler measurements demonstrated
      a 53% decrease in red blood cell speed through the capillaries of the atrophic
      optic nerve heads in vivo. Optic disk reflectance measurements of anterior optic
      nerve blood volume in vivo demonstrated a 51% decrease in the estimated blood
      volume of the capillaries in atrophic optic nerve heads. Flow was calculated on
      the basis of these noninvasive measurements and demonstrated an average decrease
      of 74% in optic atrophy. Histologic studies of microsphere distribution
      demonstrated an average decrease of 80% in flow to the anterior optic nerve in
      optic atrophy. These results suggest that anterior optic nerve blood flow is
      significantly reduced in primary neurogenic optic atrophy. This study also
      demonstrates that the noninvasive measurements of blood flow are substantiated by
      histologic evaluation of microsphere distribution.

PMID- 4044170
TI  - Experimental myopia in chicks: ocular refraction by electroretinography.
AB  - Application of devices that degrade the retinal image has been reported to
      produce enlargement of the ocular globe in young domestic chicks. Two such device
      types (domes and arches) were applied to 3-day-old chicks. The domes affected the
      entire visual field whereas the arches affected only the lateral field. A third
      group wore a thin circumorbital ring to control for possible mechanical
      impediments to growth. Untreated control chicks comprised a fourth group. At ages
      ranging from 3 to 7 wk, the chicks were refracted in their lateral visual fields
      with a Maxwellian view optometer based on Scheiner's principle, which yields an
      objective assessment of the refractive state of the photoreceptor image plane.
      One to seven measurements were taken from each of 48 urethane-anesthetized
      chicks. These indicated that the mean refractive states of the untreated eyes and
      the ring eyes were -0.20 D and -0.19 D, respectively, which did not differ
      significantly from emmetropia. In contrast, the mean refractive states of the
      arch eyes and the dome eyes were -4.11 D and -14.88 D, respectively, which
      differed significantly from emmetropia and from each other. The results indicate
      that early retinal image degradation can result in the relatively rapid
      development of a substantial myopia in these experimental animals.

PMID- 4044171
TI  - Nonselective losses in foveal chromatic and luminance sensitivity in multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - A psychophysical technique involving simple increment threshold measurements was
      used to determine foveal chromatic and luminance sensitivity in patients with
      multiple sclerosis (MS) and in matched normal controls. The patient group showed
      substantial and nonselective losses in chromatic and luminance sensitivity
      relative to the normal control group, and these losses were significantly
      correlated with each other over individual patients. It is suggested that
      impairment of foveal visual function due to demyelination is not more specific to
      fibers carrying chromatic information than to fibers carrying luminance
      information.

PMID- 4044172
TI  - Stereochronometry: quantitative measurement of optic disc cup changes.
AB  - The authors have developed an objective, quantitative method for detecting optic
      disc cup changes that occur with time. Called stereochronometry, this new
      technique uses a stereoplotter to measure changes recorded in the combination of
      two single photographs taken of the same optic disc at different times. The
      reproducibility and sensitivity of stereochronometry were evaluated using a model
      eye. Stereochronometric measurements were significantly correlated with
      calibrated changes of depth and width of the cup of the model eye. Standard
      deviations for five measurements of cup changes without camera shift range from 2
      microns to 18 microns, and errors (deviations of the mean of measurements from
      calibrated cup changes) ranged from -26 microns to +33 microns. Standard
      deviations and errors in the measurement of cup depth and width were
      significantly increased when the camera was shifted by 2.5 mm between photographs
      to simulate possible changes in photographic conditions.

PMID- 4044173
TI  - In vitro contractility of avascular corneal wounds in rabbit eyes.
AB  - Contraction of corneal wounds has been the topic of recent speculation,
      particularly in reference to regression of corneal flattening following radial
      keratotomy. In an animal model of corneal wound fibroplasia, we offer the first
      demonstration of in vitro contractility by avascular corneal wound tissue. Three
      millimeter diameter full-thickness corneal trephine wounds were made in 17 New
      Zealand white rabbit eyes. The animals were killed and specimens were extracted 3
      4 wk postinjury. Contractile responses of corneal wounds were measured on a
      microdynagauge force transducer. When exposed to serotonin, epinephrine or
      norepinephrine corneal wounds showed contractions reaching maximum force of 20
      100 mg with a peak response obtained within 5-10 min and persisting several
      hours. Normal corneas did not respond to any agent. All normal iris muscle
      specimens contracted to acetylcholine exhibiting peak responses of 30-60 mg of
      force within 5 sec decaying over the following 10-20 min. This is different from
      corneal wounds which fail to respond to acetylcholine (P less than 0.005). These
      data suggest that avascular corneal wounds possess contractile properties.

PMID- 4044174
TI  - RPE cells and choriocapillaris atrophy.

PMID- 4044175
TI  - Anterior chest wall mass in an elderly male.
AB  - A case of chondrosarcoma arising from the right anterior second rib in an 84-year
      old man is described. Radiographic features include amorphous calcification
      within a chest wall mass. CT findings include calcification and necrosis within
      the 8 X 8 X 10 cm tumor, and extension into the adjacent lung. The presence of
      zones of dedifferentiation into fibrosarcoma in the surgically resected tumor
      indicates a poor prognosis, with a high likelihood of early recurrence and
      pulmonary metastasis.

PMID- 4044176
TI  - Quantification of contrast in clinical MR brain imaging at high magnetic field.
AB  - The relative contrast between two tissues in a magnetic resonance (MR) image is
      shown to be quantifiable for any combination of pulse timing parameters, provided
      the intrinsic parameters are known. Based on multiple inversion-recovery and spin
      echo images, a region-of-interest T1, T2 and density analysis was conducted at
      1.4T in selected patients with diagnosed neuropathology for various brain
      tissues. The resulting tissue parameters subsequently served to calculate the
      contrast-to-noise (C/N) ratio for typical tissue interfaces as a function of the
      operator-variable pulse timing parameters and the data were compared with the
      images. Although such calculations may be useful as a protocol selection aid, it
      is obvious that an optimized pulse protocol can only be established for a single
      tissue interface. The data also reveal that a T2-discriminating pulse sequence
      like Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill with long repetition time, generally advocated as
      clinically most effective, may not always be ideal.

PMID- 4044177
TI  - Comparison of I-123 IMP cerebral uptake and MR spectroscopy following
      experimental carotid occlusion.
AB  - Both I-123 IMP scintigraphy and MRI have been suggested as sensitive detectors of
      changes shortly after acute cerebral infarction. We compared the uptake of N
      isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and MR spectroscopy of the brain after
      internal carotid artery ligation. Thirteen gerbils were lightly anesthetized with
      ether. After neck dissection, an internal carotid artery was occluded. After 2.8
      hours, 100 muCi I-123 IMP was injected intravenously into the 13 experimental
      animals plus three controls. Seven gerbils remained asymptomatic while six
      developed hemiparesis. At 3 hours after ligation, the animals were killed. The
      brains were bisected and T1 and T2 relaxation times were determined for the right
      and left hemispheres by MR spectroscopy immediately after dissection. I-123 IMP
      uptake was then determined in the samples. Interhemispheric differences in uptake
      for I-123 IMP were 0.1 +/- 1.7% (SEM) in the control, 33.5 +/- 10% in the
      asymptomatic and 54.6 +/- 9.7% in the symptomatic animals. Significant
      differences were seen with I-123 IMP in 6/7 asymptomatic and 6/6 symptomatic
      animals. In conclusion, I-123 is more sensitive than T1 or T2 relaxation times
      for the detection of cerebral perfusion abnormalities. Prolongation in T1 and T2
      relaxation times correlates closely with increased brain tissue water content and
      the development of symptoms, indicators of structural brain damage and probable
      infarction.

PMID- 4044178
TI  - Extracalvarial soft tissues in cranial computed tomography. Normal anatomy and
      pathology.
AB  - Computed tomography has emerged as the modality of choice for imaging soft
      tissues of the face and neck. However, the extracalvarial soft tissue anatomy has
      not been delineated. The CT appearance of normal anatomy and variants, including
      the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, muscle layers, and subgaleal space is
      described. A pathologic spectrum that includes congenital, inflammatory,
      traumatic, and neoplastic lesions is presented. When appropriate CT windows for
      viewing the extracalvarial soft tissues are utilized, significant clinical
      information may be provided.

PMID- 4044179
TI  - MR imaging parameters in the study of lung water. A preliminary study.
AB  - The use of magnetic resonance (MR) to evaluate lung water is made difficult by
      several factors: paucity of proton signal from normal lung, respiratory and
      cardiac motion, and long relaxation times of lung fluids. To optimize scanning
      parameters for this use, and to test MR's ability to detect and quantitate
      regional and temporal variations in signal intensity in hydrostatic pulmonary
      edema, in vivo experiments were performed with a 0.5 tesla whole body MR imaging
      device. Human volunteers were studied in prone and supine positions using spin
      echo technique (TE = 30 msec) with varying TR, and with respiratory and cardiac
      gating. In addition, sedated, intubated, chronically prepared sheep were
      paralyzed to control extraneous motion and allow the use of a high frequency
      ventilator, thereby eliminating respiratory gating. Elevated pulmonary
      hydrostatic pressure was induced in these sheep by inflation of a left atrial
      balloon. Relative signal intensity from the lung rises with lengthening TR.
      Cardiac gating diminishes motion artifact, but masks extravascular water by
      enhancing signal from slowly flowing blood by an average of 44%. A gravity
      dependent gradient of signal intensity predictably shifts in supine and prone
      positions. The use of longer TRs, respiratory gating, and cardiac gating all
      proportionally prolong data acquisition times to an objectionable degree. Without
      the use of gating, a gradual rise in relative signal intensity is seen in the
      sheep lung following the establishment of elevated hydrostatic pressure in the
      pulmonary circuit, and is most pronounced in the dependent portion of the
      lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044180
TI  - The etiology and implications of dense cavitary "photopenia" on myocardial
      perfusion scintigraphy.
AB  - Dense cavitary "photopenia" was observed on 21 of 200 consecutive stress
      perfusion scintigrams. A prominent finding in many cases, it sometimes occupied
      only a portion of the region overlying the ventricular cavity, was often seen in
      some projections and not others, and was frequently adjacent to myocardial
      perfusion defects. To distinguish an etiology among reduced cavitary
      radioactivity, relatively increased background radioactivity, or reduced
      radioactivity in overlying myocardium, quantitative analysis of cavitary, lung
      and myocardial radioactivity was performed in patients with dense cavitary
      "photopenia," with and without lung uptake, and compared with results from
      studies showing increased lung uptake without cavitary photopenia and with normal
      studies. The results showed that dense cavitary photopenia was related to reduced
      radioactivity in overlying myocardium. Correlative imaging studies performed with
      echocardiography and contrast ventriculography confirmed this relationship to
      myocardial scar in 15 of 21 patients in whom associated akinesis or dyskinesis
      was seen. Hence, dense cavitary photopenia on stress perfusion scintigraphy is
      due to a dense myocardial perfusion abnormality, and is often indicative of
      related scar and an associated severe contraction abnormality.

PMID- 4044181
TI  - Transcatheter sclerosis of the gallbladder in rabbits. A preliminary study.
AB  - Catheter sclerosis of 56 rabbit gallbladders was attempted at laparotomy. The
      proximal cystic duct was occluded with a hemoclip and transcatheter
      administration of six different sclerosing agents and a saline control was
      performed. Eight animals were used for each agent, three being sacrificed after
      two weeks and the remainder after six weeks. Hot contrast and sotradecol were
      comparable with saline in their lack of effect on gallbladder mucosa. Alcohol
      alone, tetracycline, methylcyanoacrylate and alcohol plus trifluoroacetic acid
      were successful at two weeks in denuding the gallbladder epithelium and promoting
      fibrosis of the gallbladder wall. After six weeks, evidence of mucosal
      regeneration was present with all agents, and the epithelium appeared to have
      grown back from the occluded cystic duct. Late regeneration has not been
      previously reported and its significance when considering the application of the
      technique to the human gallbladder is discussed.

PMID- 4044182
TI  - Comparison of diatrizoate, iopamidol, and ioxaglate for arterial portography. An
      experimental study in normal dogs and dogs with portal hypertension.
AB  - Diatrizoate, iopamidol and ioxaglate were compared in five normal dogs and in
      five dogs with presinusoidal cirrhosis and portal hypertension for arterial
      portography. After selective injection of 40 ml of each contrast agent in iodine
      concentrations of 320 mg per ml into the superior mesenteric artery, portal vein
      blood samples were collected in 2-second intervals and the iodine concentrations
      determined using x-ray energy spectrometry. The highest iodine concentrations in
      the portal blood were found in both normal portal pressure and portal
      hypertension with ioxaglate, followed by iopamidol and diatrizoate in this order.
      Compared with diatrizoate, ioxaglate and iopamidol increased the peak portal
      blood iodine concentrations 45% and 22%, respectively. The use of ioxaglate in
      arterial portography should show the portal system at least as well as when a
      conventional contrast agent is used together with a vasodilator such as
      tolazoline.

PMID- 4044183
TI  - Correlation between portal blood iodine concentrations and radiographic
      visualization of the portal vein in arterial portography.
AB  - Portal blood iodine concentrations and the radiographic visualization of the
      portal vein were compared in five dogs (50 portograms). The portal blood iodine
      concentrations required for a certain degree of portal vein opacification varied
      considerably. However, an overall significant difference was found in the portal
      blood iodine concentrations of different degrees of portal vein visualization. An
      increase in the portal blood iodine concentrations from 0 to 30 mg per ml was
      associated with an overall improvement of the portal vein visualization. With a
      blood iodine concentration of 30 mg per ml, an excellent visualization of the
      portal system was always achieved that could no longer be improved by further
      increasing the portal blood iodine concentration up to 50 mg per ml. For a
      reliable diagnostic visualization of portal vein contributaries and branches, a
      blood iodine concentration of 30 mg per ml appears required; whereas for the
      visualization of the larger portal vein, 15 mg per ml appears sufficient.

PMID- 4044184
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in rat aortic endothelium during contrast media infusion.
AB  - A rat model was employed to investigate contrast media (CM) induced
      ultrastructural changes in the vascular endothelium. Ionic contrast materials
      such as Renografin-76 (diatrizoate meglumine diatrizoate sodium), MD-76
      (diatrizoate meglumine diatrizoate sodium), and Angiovist (meglumine diatrizoate)
      were injected into the femoral vein of anesthetized male Wistar rats (240-260 g)
      and allowed to circulate. Control animals were similarly injected with
      equiosmolar sucrose and physiologic saline. The thorax was opened 15 minutes, 1
      hour, and 4 hours postinjection and cardiac perfusion performed using Karnovsky's
      fixative; the thoracic aorta was then surgically removed, and processed for
      transmission electron microscopy. All CM produced shrinkage in cell cytoplasm and
      nuclear structures thereby causing distortions in cell morphology. In control
      tissues, however, no such ultrastructural damages were noted. Within 15 minutes
      of CM infusion, electron dense granules were seen on the luminal surface of
      endothelial cells, in pinocytotic vesicles, as well as in the gap junctions
      between cells. These observations indicate that contrast media intake occurs via
      vesicular transport, and through the cell junction.

PMID- 4044185
TI  - Policies and attitudes toward the pregnant radiology resident.
AB  - To evaluate attitudes and policies toward pregnant radiology residents, a
      questionnaire was sent to the chiefs of radiology residency programs across the
      country. A return rate of 76.4% and a response rate of 75.4% were achieved. A
      large majority of the respondents indicated that schedule changes would be made
      to avoid excessive exposure of a pregnant resident to radiation. The
      accommodations they suggest are reviewed, and suggestions are made that would
      help alleviate some of the stress and conflicts that invariably arise when a
      resident becomes pregnant.

PMID- 4044186
TI  - Organ system radiology. Instruction of sophomore medical students.
AB  - During a six-year period we have evolved a method of teaching organ system
      radiology to sophomore medical students. This involves didactic and clinical
      sessions with small group discussions and activities central to the program. The
      course is designed to present a bridging course between the basic medical
      sciences and the clinical sciences and to better prepare students for their
      patient care responsibilities.

PMID- 4044187
TI  - The development of radiologic schemata through training and experience. A
      preliminary communication.
AB  - Research underway in our laboratory suggests that radiologists may develop a
      visual representation of a prototypical radiograph (a schema) in the course of
      clinical training. This schema appears to guide radiologists' interpretations of
      chest radiographs. Cognitive psychologists have demonstrated schematic processing
      for familiar events or scenes. In our experiments, experienced radiologists (18.5
      years average experience), junior staff radiologists (3.5 years), and first-year
      radiology residents participated in a simple recognition/memory test of chest
      radiographs. The test phase followed a training phase in which each radiograph
      was viewed for 500 milliseconds. Both abnormal and normal chest radiographs were
      used. Correct responses were recorded during the test phase for measuring
      recognition memory. Residents showed no significant difference in memory between
      normal and abnormal films. Observers with greater radiologic experience exhibited
      poorer memory for normal films and better memory for abnormal films compared with
      less experienced observers. We hypothesize that the development of radiographic
      schemata as a result of experience accounts for these findings.

PMID- 4044188
TI  - Lessons in leadership from literature: a sabbatical experience.

PMID- 4044189
TI  - Hypertension in a patient with multiple renal and adrenal masses.

PMID- 4044190
TI  - The detection of inflammation in collapsed lung by alterations in proton nuclear
      magnetic relaxation times.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to establish the proton NMR relaxation times of
      collapsed but otherwise normal lung tissue and to determine whether an
      inflammatory process within a collapsed lung can be detected by alterations in
      relaxation times. The lungs of three groups of rabbits were studied: group A (n =
      7) had a sterile collapse of one lung for two days. The two other groups also had
      one lung collapsed, but with bacterial (group B, n = 6) or chemically induced
      (group C; n = 6) pneumonitis superimposed. The contralateral lung, which was
      acutely deflated at the time of thoracotomy, served as a control in each animal.
      T1, T2 and the total water content were measured on freshly excised lung samples.
      In group A, there was no significant difference in T1 (606 +/- 14* ms vs. 595 +/-
      18 ms;* = SEM) or T2 (80.6 +/- 1.7 ms vs. 78.4 +/- 2.6 ms) between the collapsed
      and the control lung tissue. In each animal in groups B and C, T2 was longer in
      the collapsed lung with superimposed pneumonitis than in the control lung tissue
      (group B: 116.8 +/- 6.9 ms vs. 82.9 +/- 1.8 ms, P less than .001; group C: 120.5
      +/- 5.9 ms vs. 86.0 +/- 1.5 ms, P less than .001). T1 changes were similar, but
      less marked. There was a linear relationship between the relaxation times and the
      total water content of the lung samples (T1:r = 0.87; T2:r = 0.91). It is
      concluded that proton NMR may have a potential in detecting disease such as
      inflammation in collapsed lung tissue based on differences in relaxation
      parameters compared with normal lung areas.

PMID- 4044191
TI  - Regional myocardial blood flow, edema formation, and magnetic relaxation times
      during acute myocardial ischemia in the canine.
AB  - This study was designed to measure early changes in myocardial perfusion after
      acute coronary occlusion, and to examine the relationships among blood flow,
      myocardial edema, and magnetic relaxation times of ex vivo myocardial tissue. In
      ten dogs, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 4 hours
      prior to sacrifice of the animals. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured
      using radiolabeled microspheres (15 micron), which were injected into the left
      atrium 5 minutes prior to sacrifice. Multiple subendocardial tissue samples from
      the left ventricular free wall were obtained for measurement of magnetic
      relaxation times, percent water content and tissue radioactivity. Mild, moderate,
      and severe ischemia were defined as reductions in myocardial blood flow to 30% to
      50%, 15% to 30%, and less than or equal to 15% of control, respectively.
      Myocardial water content was increased with mild ischemia (79.6 +/- 0.7%),
      moderate ischemia (79.9 +/- 0.4%), and severe ischemia (80.3 +/- 0.6%), all P
      less than .005 vs. control. T1 relaxation times rose with mild (544 +/- 10 msec,
      P less than .005 vs. control), moderate (543 +/- 11 msec, P less than .005 vs.
      control), and severe ischemia (574 +/- 10 msec, P less than .001 vs. control). T2
      relaxation times behaved in a similar manner, being prolonged in the mildly,
      moderately, and severely ischemic groups (38.3 +/- 0.3, 38.1 +/- 0.3 and 38.2 +/-
      0.3 msec, respectively; all P less than .001 vs. control).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044192
TI  - In vitro testing for the risk of arachnoiditis from myelographic contrast media.
AB  - The risk of arachnoiditis from aqueous myelographic contrast media has been
      assayed reliably only in experimental animals. The effect of contrast media on
      protein and collagen production by fibroblasts in vitro was studied. Iocarmate,
      metrizamide, and iopamidol added to the culture medium caused cells to produce
      more protein and collagen. The degree to which the contrast medium stimulated
      collagen production correlated with the risk of arachnoiditis from the
      intrathecal use of the contrast medium. In vitro testing appears to be an
      effective assay for arachnoiditis.

PMID- 4044194
TI  - Combined use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) by whole
      body magnets in studying skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism.
AB  - As a pilot study, 31-P-spectra of the quadriceps femoris muscle (1.5T) and proton
      images of the right thigh (.5T) were performed in two cyclists (T) and two
      untrained (UT) subjects. During ischemia, while MRI did not show any change,
      phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration decreased and inorganic phosphate (Pi)
      increased. Recovery occurred within 3 minutes. Ergometric bicycle tests were
      performed outside the magnet. Submaximal workload (UT 150W/T 260W, 3.5 minutes)
      caused transient minimal changes in phosphorus metabolites. Supramaximal,
      partially anaerobic exercise (UT 320W/T 350W, 3.5 minutes) induced similar
      changes in heart rate, oxygen uptake rate, and plasma lactate in both groups.
      Decrease of the PCr/Pi ratio, however, was more pronounced in UT subjects and
      clearly lasted longer. If methodical problems can be resolved, combined MRS and
      MRI in whole body magnets may become a standard noninvasive modality, adding
      unique information on morphology (organ volume) and local metabolism to classic
      mechanical and global physiologic data.

PMID- 4044193
TI  - Dual-energy projection radiography in the evaluation of femoral neck strength,
      density, and mineralization.
AB  - Two different dual-energy projection radiography techniques were utilized in an
      attempt to predict femoral neck strength, bone density, and bone mineral content
      in 19 pairs of cadaver specimens. Positive simple linear correlation was observed
      between dual-energy scanned projection measurements and dry density, ash
      fraction, cross-sectional cortical bone area and, to a lesser degree, force
      required for fracture, but not trabecular bone volume, failure time, or Singh
      trabecular grade. Dual-energy film radiography was found to be a less reliable
      indicator of femoral neck strength, density, and mineral content. Dual-energy
      scanned projection results related linearly to mineral-equivalent solution
      (K2HPO4) concentration, and demonstrated long-term reproducibility in repeated
      specimen studies. Correction factors derived to account for differences in
      femoral size and rotation were shown to be reliable over a moderate range of neck
      projections. Although bone mineral measurement at other sites may provide
      comparable or greater information concerning hip fracture risk, dual-energy
      scanned projection radiography appears to be a useful technique for assessment of
      bone density, mineral content, and strength in the femoral neck.

PMID- 4044195
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of fluorine in rats infused with artificial blood.
AB  - An MRI pulse sequence has been developed that enables the visualization of a
      perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion in the vascular system of rats. Images were made
      at 0.12T on a clinical imaging system using a small receiver coil, at intervals
      of approximately 2 hours, two days, two weeks, and two months after replacement
      of 50% of total blood volume. The most successful technique produced PA
      projections of the entire torso for both the fluorine and proton components.
      Direct comparison allowed identification of PFC in heart, lung, liver, spleen,
      and large vessels both in vivo and postmortem. Potential clinical applications to
      vascular imaging are discussed.

PMID- 4044196
TI  - Enhanced pancreatic CT imaging utilizing a geometric magnification technique.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) using a geometric magnification technique was found to
      improve spatial resolution in phantom studies when compared with conventional
      third-generation geometry images. The clinical feasibility of using geometric
      magnification, small focal spot size, and dynamic contrast enhancement was
      studied in 143 patients referred to CT for clinically suspected pancreatic
      disease. This population included 46 patients with a normal pancreas and 36
      patients subsequently proven to have primary pancreatic carcinoma. Using this new
      technique in conjunction with dynamic contrast enhancement resulted in high
      quality pancreatic images. Despite the limitations in tube current associated
      with a small focal spot size and low total heat capacity of the system, clinical
      imaging was not adversely affected. Use of the geometric magnification technique
      is recommended in departments where it is technically feasible.

PMID- 4044197
TI  - The community hospital radiology clerkship: how should it be structured? Opinions
      of clinical and university faculty.
AB  - Michigan State University has a community-hospital-based clinical sciences
      curriculum. In the past, community program directors have determined radiology
      clerkship objectives. A survey regarding possible clerkship standardization was
      distributed to staff radiologists and clerkship coordinators. These radiologists
      were enthusiastic about standardization of the clerkship, and there was a broad
      consensus as to the basic elements of an effective clerkship. The university was
      seen as the source of minimum clerkship standards and of an objective method of
      evaluation. In response to these requests, basic guidelines for the clerkship
      have been established.

PMID- 4044198
TI  - Method to compute arterial blood flow.

PMID- 4044199
TI  - Boolarra virus: a member of the Nodaviridae isolated from Oncopera intricoides
      (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae).
AB  - A small RNA virus with a bipartite genome was isolated from Oncopera intricoides.
      It was named Boolarra virus (BoV). The particle had a diameter of 30 nm, a
      sedimentation coefficient of 140S, and a buoyant density of 1.34 g/ml in CsCl.
      The capsid proteins were examined by SDS-PAGE and consisted of a major species of
      molecular weight (mol. wt.) 38,000 and a minor one of mol. wt. 40,600. The
      particle contained 21.2% RNA which was divided between a 22S and a 17S species
      whose mol. wts. were 1.03 x 10(6) and 0.47 x 10(6), respectively. These
      properties were comparable to those of the Nodaviridae and established BoV as a
      member of the family. Serologically, BoV shared antigenic determinants with both
      Nodamura virus and black beetle virus.

PMID- 4044200
TI  - Assembly and accumulation sites of maize mosaic virus in its planthopper vector.
AB  - The morphology, assembly, and accumulation sites of rhabdovirus particles in
      Peregrinus maidis planthoppers infected with a Hawaiian isolate of maize mosaic
      virus (MMV) were studied. These particles were usually bullet-shaped, but were
      sometimes bacilliform, and averaged 234 and 247 nm, respectively, in length and
      60 nm in width. They were found in most acini of the principal and accessory
      salivary glands and in brain, nerve ganglia, leg muscle, foregut, midgut,
      trachea, epidermis, and fat and connective tissues. In most tissues MMV particles
      accumulated mainly within intracytoplasmic, dilated cisternae that were connected
      to the perinuclear space. However, in the salivary glands virus particles
      accumulated mainly in intercellular and extracellular spaces and were found in
      secretion vesicles. MMV particles appeared to bud from three types of membranes:
      (i) inner, and rarely outer, nuclear membranes of cells in most tissues examined;
      (ii) intracytoplasmic membranes, e.g., endoplasmic reticulum in salivary glands;
      and (iii) plasma membranes of salivary gland cells and nerve axons. The plasma
      membrane has not been reported previously as a budding site for plant
      rhabdoviruses, although it is known as a major assembly site for animal
      rhabdoviruses.

PMID- 4044201
TI  - Identity between infectious pancreatic necrosis virus VR-299 and a Chilean
      isolate.
AB  - Nucleic acid and protein electrophoretic analyses of the Chilean isolate of
      infectious pancreatic necrosis virus showed that genomic RNA, as well as the
      major proteins, were indistinguishable from those of the VR-299 serotype. The
      data are in good agreement with the theory that the virus was introduced into
      Chile from North America.

PMID- 4044202
TI  - Clinical cardiac electrophysiology.

PMID- 4044203
TI  - The role of sex steroids and sex hormone binding globulin in hirsutism and/or
      oligomenorrhoea in obese and normal weight women.

PMID- 4044204
TI  - Reorganisation of blood transfusion policies in elective surgery.

PMID- 4044205
TI  - Home recording of blood pressure in the management of hypertension.

PMID- 4044207
TI  - Hospital day care for children.

PMID- 4044206
TI  - Congenital cutaneous candidiasis and septicaemia treated with miconazole.

PMID- 4044208
TI  - Rapid intestinal transit and postgastrectomy malnutrition. An experimental study
      in growing rats.
AB  - An experimental study was carried out in young, growing rats submitted to total
      gastrectomy followed by Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy (RY) or jejunal loop
      interposition (JI) to test the role of rapid intestinal transit time in
      postgastrectomy malnutrition. One to two months postoperatively esophago
      intestinal transit times were measured and nutrition evaluated by serial body
      weights. Small intestinal transit times were consistently rapid in the rats
      submitted to RY reconstruction, in comparison with JI (p less than 0.01). Four
      months after the operations the growth curves of the three groups (RY, JI and
      controls) were markedly different. After an initial fall in weight of 33% in the
      gastrectomized rats, a sizeable increase was observed in the rats with JI (p less
      than 0.05). This difference in growth may be due to malabsorption and accelerated
      intestinal transit as a result of bypassing the duodenum after RY.

PMID- 4044209
TI  - Calcitonin deficit syndrome in thyroidectomized patients.
AB  - The results of a study carried out on 10 patients who underwent total or subtotal
      thyroidectomy to determine the effects of a prolonged deficit in calcitonin on
      bone turnover, are reported. The following parameters were evaluated: serum
      calcium and phosphate, serum alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, serum
      iPTH, serum iCT and bone mineral content (BMC) of the distal radius. In ten
      patients controlled 24 months after surgery, a lowering in circulating iCT levels
      was noted together with a significant decrease in BMC. These observations while
      supporting the theory that a CT deficit can determine osteoporosis, suggest that
      further consideration should be given to substitutive therapies for totally and
      subtotally thyroidectomized patients.

PMID- 4044210
TI  - Diaphragmatic hernias due to blunt thoracoabdominal trauma.
AB  - This nineteen-year retrospective review was designed to evaluate diaphragmatic
      hernias due to blunt thoracoabdominal trauma in a series of 50 patients. Motor
      vehicle accidents were the most frequent cause. The diagnosis was made
      immediately after injury in 34 patients (acute hernias), but delayed from two
      months to 30 years in 16 (chronic hernias). Two patients, with multiple
      associated injuries, died soon after admission and diagnosis was made at
      necropsy. The nature of injury, the physical findings and the plain chest
      roentgenograms suggested a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in most of the
      remaining acutely injured patients. All patients with chronic hernias had
      suggestive or suspicious abnormalities on chest roentgenograms; however,
      appropriate upper gastrointestinal tract and barium enema studies were of utmost
      importance for the correct diagnosis. Reduction of herniated viscera and repair
      of diaphragmatic defect were generally accomplished through a laparotomy in acute
      hernias, whereas thoracotomy was the preferred approach in delayed instances.
      There were four postoperative deaths, three with severe multiple associated
      injuries and one with respiratory failure.

PMID- 4044211
TI  - Cancer of the large intestine and previous cholecystectomy: does a relationship
      really exist?
AB  - The possible relationship between cancer of the large intestine and previous
      cholecystectomy has been studied both experimentally and clinically but the
      results are contradictory. The present study, carried out in 250 patients
      undergoing intestinal resection for colorectal cancer and in 200 subjects who
      underwent cholecystectomy more than 10 years previously (with control groups) did
      not evidence any statistically significant relation (p = 0.2) between
      cholecystectomy and cancer of the large intestine. On the basis also of data from
      the literature, the etiopathogenetic hypotheses of the supporters of such
      relationship are reviewed and the different factors potentially able to explain
      the discrepancy between the concordant results of experimental studies and the
      contrasting ones of the clinical and epidemiologic experiences are examined. From
      the practical point of view, it is felt that a periodic (once a year) clinical
      and laboratory (guaiac test) control followed, when necessary, by x-ray/and or
      endoscopic examination should be carried out in all the patients over the age of
      40, cholecystectomized since 10 years of longer, especially if females.

PMID- 4044212
TI  - Relationship of the carcinoma of bile ducts to cholelithiasis.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with carcinoma of the bile ducts were studied by PTC and
      ERCP. These instrumental procedures permit at present a precise and complete
      diagnosis. In 22 cases (57.9%) the association of a lithiasis was evidenced. The
      application of a percutaneous transhepatic drainage after PTC in cases of
      stricture furtherly supports the diagnostic accuracy by the cytologic examination
      and culture of the bile collected from drainages.

PMID- 4044213
TI  - Surgical treatment of congenital dilatation of the biliary system.
AB  - Over a total of 1612 patients undergoing surgery for biliary diseases, in 6 cases
      a cystic dilatation of intrahepatic bile-ducts suggestive of Caroli's disease was
      diagnosed. One patient with multiple dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts and
      septic shock was treated by external drainage without improvement and died. Two
      patients were treated by left hepatectomy. One case was treated by right extended
      hepatic lobectomy. One patient with liver cirrhosis and bleeding oesophageal
      varices was treated by a distal splenorenal shunt. The last patient showed the
      association of a choledochal cyst and cystic dilatation of the left intrahepatic
      bile ducts. She was treated by resection of the cyst and biliary-jejunal
      anastomosis. Five patients had satisfactory recovery from the operation. They are
      leading a normal life, and are symptom-free. The different forms of treatment are
      discussed confirming that the best surgical technique on patients with partial
      cystic dilatation of bile ducts is liver resection. When the extrahepatic bile
      ducts are affected, biliary-jejunal diversion is necessary. If a choledochal cyst
      is present, the removal of the cyst is the most radical approach. When cirrhosis
      and portal hypertension with bleeding varices are diagnosed, portosystemic shunt
      is necessary.

PMID- 4044214
TI  - Carotid body tumors. A report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Two recently observed cases of carotid body tumor (chemodectoma) are presented.
      The treatment was subadventitial resection of the tumor with good long-term
      results. The clinic, diagnostic and therapeutic problems of such tumors are re
      examined on the basis of the most recent informations obtained from a wide review
      of the literature.

PMID- 4044215
TI  - The Moshe Prywes lecture in medical education. Medical education--the search for
      international eminence and local relevance.

PMID- 4044216
TI  - Accuracy of endoscopy in the diagnosis of inflamed gastric and duodenal mucosa.
AB  - Two hundred twenty-three patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and
      biopsy. Correlation of endoscopic and histological findings revealed that a
      normal gastric and duodenal mucosa could be correctly diagnosed endoscopically in
      about 80 and 88% of cases, respectively. Duodenitis was diagnosed correctly in
      83% of cases; however, the correct endoscopic recognition of gastritis was
      achieved in only about 50% of the cases. Better results were achieved in
      "anastomitis," in which the endoscopic diagnosis was correct in 90% of cases.
      This study supports the view that endoscopy alone should not be relied upon in
      the diagnosis of gastritis or duodenitis.

PMID- 4044217
TI  - Treatment of bleeding hemorrhoids by injection sclerotherapy and rubber band
      ligation.
AB  - Between March 1981 and September 1982, 178 patients with first- to third-degree
      bleeding hemorrhoids were treated by injection sclerotherapy and rubber band
      ligation, as outpatients. Of the treated patients 85 to 90% were asymptomatic
      during 1 year of follow-up. Complications, ranging from mild to moderate,
      occurred in only 5.6% of the patients. We conclude that injection sclerotherapy
      and rubber band ligation, when properly used, are efficient, inexpensive and safe
      methods for the treatment of bleeding hemorrhoids.

PMID- 4044218
TI  - Assessment of splenic function in dogs following arterial ligation and
      autotransplantation.
AB  - Two methods for the preservation of splenic function following trauma to the
      spleen were studied and compared in dogs and puppies. One method was splenectomy
      and autotransplantation of small pieces of splenic tissue, and the other-
      ligation of the main branches of the splenic artery after partial splenectomy.
      Dogs subjected to splenectomy alone or laparotomy alone served as controls.
      Splenic function was assessed on the basis of resistance to sepsis by virulent
      pneumococci. Cultures were obtained from the blood, peritoneal fluid and
      intraabdominal organs 3 days after i.v. injection of the pneumococci; none of the
      adult dogs in any of the groups had positive cultures. Among splenectomized
      puppies, 55.5% had positive cultures for pneumococci, whereas those which
      underwent ligation of the splenic artery and partial splenectomy had negative
      cultures. Microscopic examination of the autotransplants revealed loss of the
      characteristic structure of splenic tissue, whereas in the dogs in which the
      splenic artery had been ligated, the spleen showed numerous islands of tissue
      with well-preserved follicular structure. We suggest that in children with severe
      splenic trauma, ligation of the splenic artery may provide a promising
      alternative to splenectomy.

PMID- 4044219
TI  - Treadmill exercise testing in a middle-aged Jerusalem population sample. The
      Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Study.
AB  - We studied determinants of the exercising physical capacity of 1,640 subjects
      (1,043 men and 597 women) using the Bruce protocol as modified by Sheffield.
      These participants represented a sample of parents of 17-year-old adolescents
      living in Jerusalem. Apparently healthy participants underwent a graded treadmill
      exercise test (88% of the men and 87% of the women). Exercise was terminated when
      the subject achieved a heart rate of 85 to 90% of the predicted maximal heart
      rate or could not continue for other reasons, mainly fatigue or weakness.
      Exercise performance was assessed according to time on the treadmill. On
      univariate analysis, duration of exercise was related in both sexes to age,
      country of origin, reported physical exercise, resting heart rate, systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure, body mass index and plasma lipids and lipoproteins. In
      multivariate analysis, time was related to age, body mass index, heart rate and
      habitual physical exercise in both men and women, and to systolic and diastolic
      blood pressure in men only. Cigarette smoking and plasma lipid levels were not
      independently related to time on the treadmill in either sex. Ethnic differences
      were observed.

PMID- 4044220
TI  - Behavioral risk factors in adolescence as a basis for health planning.
AB  - Adolescence has been described as the age when the population is at its peak of
      health and physical performance. While this may be correct, it is also the age at
      which the future adult's state of health may be strongly influenced by behavior.
      It is therefore possible that the identification of behavior patterns that pose a
      risk to the adolescent (either immediately or for the later development of
      disease) could form the basis for logical health planning for this age-group. A
      model has been developed that itemizes the major behavioral risk factors in
      adolescence and indicates the possibilities for intervention. This model includes
      the following behavior characteristics: violent behavior (leading to accidents,
      etc.), cigarette smoking, drug use, sexual intercourse without contraception, the
      imbibing of alcoholic beverages, the taking of medicines without medical advice,
      and over- and undereating. The relevance of certain of these practices to the
      high school dropout phenomenon as a major social problem is emphasized. It is
      suggested that, on the basis of the model and of knowledge of certain demographic
      characteristics, risk groups can be identified and relevant health and welfare
      services planned.

PMID- 4044221
TI  - Protease inhibitors in sera as possible indicators of familial hypothyroidism.
AB  - Both synthesis and degradation of proteins are reduced in the hypothyroid state.
      The possible involvement of serum trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors has been
      studied in a family that, for four successive generations, had clinical or
      subclinical hypothyroidism. Increased trypsin- and chymotrypsin-inhibiting
      activity was demonstrated in the sera of the four clinically hypothyroid women.
      Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of the sera of these patients and of two other
      subclinical hypothyroid family members disclosed the distinct appearance of an
      additional fraction in the alpha 2-globulin zone. The serum protein
      electrophoretic pattern changes observed in familial hypothyroidism might be
      genetically determined. Such changes could precede the clinical onset of the
      disease, thus serving as a possible indicator of the hypothyroid state.

PMID- 4044222
TI  - Amiodarone-induced dysthyroidism.
AB  - A 54-year-old man, treated with amiodarone, developed thyrotoxicosis. When
      rechallenged with the same drug 6 months later, he developed hypothyroidism. The
      therapeutic implications of this clinical sequence are discussed.

PMID- 4044223
TI  - Legionnaires' disease: new etiologic agents.
AB  - Two patients with pneumonitis due to legionellosis are described. The etiologic
      diagnosis was based on high titers of immunoglobulin (Ig)M class antibodies
      (1/2048 and 1/512) detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The etiologic agents
      were presumed to be Legionella bozemanii in one case and either L. bozemanii or
      L. longbeachae in the other. Both patients made an uneventful recovery.
      Infections with these organisms have not been described in Israel previously.

PMID- 4044224
TI  - Changing resistance of uropathogens to antibiotics.

PMID- 4044225
TI  - Erythema multiforme and splenomegaly: an unusual presentation of Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae infection.